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ݼ
һ죬ҪҲڲסۣҪҲģҪ⣬Ҫ񣬶ɢ
ɵۣħʲôսǸСܣ
ʲô⣬統ﶼ䣻
ʲôۣһҲòڸĽ¡
齲һת֮壬֮壬֮֮Ĵɳʷ


1 
γǶᰳϣƵĴɽԻɽ
ɽɽһׯΪׯׯ˿ڹ뺷ׯڵز֣ʺֲʳޣԣԲΪ
ׯΧһȦʯͷĸǽһԷֹɽеҰ޽ˣԵϮ
ׯǽһ˼Ҵ⣬ʱۼʮˡУһ鲼ⲽરવĳź̡
£εĻҵģ˵Ǹ50ߣİС
ⶼʱˣôûҼ鲼ǿסеĽǣһƨһʯϡ
ׯԼʮ걻ɱܹӳ֮٣ׯҲֻһΪ˸ûţǵһ̥Ԥǰһ£һСģͻһʬŵĻڶ
ϱܹסӵϣǺܴϱͺӳʲô⣬ɲܹҵĽѰ
磬ôû𣿡һͬС׳ʵ꼱ٵĴԶ˻żʮףѾˡ
㲻ȥ𣿻һ˿ŭ⡣
磬ôҪӣҡίû˵꣬һޡ
ۣˣ˷ܵغͬʱ
ſ֨һˣһͷײĸŮЦıеӤ˵ϲˣкѵģ
˷ܵıӤͨ죬ͻȻǵļأ仨ôû
һЦҡҡͷ̲סЦҿ˶ӣԴɵˣ˺ӵܹ·ġģҴû£еϢͺˡ
ĶлˣҾ
ۣһޣӤ˺ɫ峺
ףô£ѵһΣĹһѧʦͻȻָ˼ά
Ѿˣôܻʶⲻܡѵǵ
۴ȴһŴЦǰһΪ¶γֹܵذ
ӳĿÿǰ֮ǰְɣк͵һ֣ϣӳԺΪһλ͹˵ĴӢۡĸףϲõ˵
ҵûУ
һ죬ߺһȺձʦ־սۣ֮ѩɽ֮ϣһ˵ձʦ֡
һսȻĿĳеѪڷѩУѪѩɽڿС
ΪΪͻѧʦ磬߽˾ձʦֵս
뻪ʷһսٹҵĸԹ£һ֮ɱԷʦȴѩѩɽ֮С
ԭӦҵߣҾȻǿĻˡһϲҪڵлˣȴôҲ˵
ҵ֣ôһôʹ
ߵͷԼ֣ȻӤС֣װ۵ģ˿̣һ˫˴ֲڵĴԼ
ôСˣѵֻ̤أתͶ̥𣿲ԣһм䣬ϱӵȻĿô£ߵɴ۾ǰһС
ڿ𣿼ס裬λүүλС塣Ϊ˸һĶ˵ȻǷö
ˣˣҽΪһʦߣ˿Ҳ̲ס
ϱǹ¶һûĸİⱲΪˣΪڵмУмижĪᡣ
ϱӵľԺ֣¶ԺСû֣۸Ǽҳ㷹
һ죬Ҫ۸ҵһҵĽµͷϴϱӵԡ
6꿪ʼϰ䣬10㱻ѡνܻأ13Ұȫ֣15ΪһĶ֣17ﵽһʦѧ硣20μ۷֮ս
ѧϵĳɾע˹Ƨߣ¶ݣС̬׷Ѱѧļ£һ˵࣬飬ʵ֪ߵȵģʼźǾȱټҵů
ˣӴԺҽүү壬еҲǹ¶ˡһᣬһӤȻ˳۽ǻ䡣
Ϊˣʮ๦ڲѾȻ޴棬ֻ֮ʣһ΢СԺԲƵ书Ϊһе˵ĺܾᡣǣΪˣ˼ңһȴľ˱仯ʦľһȻ䳬Խˡ
ұϱӵһм䣬ֻҪҵ겻𣬲ʮ꣬Ȼﵽʦ磬ҵľΪΪι̡ʮ㣬һʦ޸֮Ӥ
û书ѧҵһûмңǲʹ顣
ճΪӤرܾСһţؿʼ˯ϣŶССľѣ΢΢̣ƺﻹںЦ
˳ϲУֻǣȴ֪ΪĽ٣ǵױı䣬罫ΪĽٶԽʡ


2 
ʱţʱת˲ţҲɳΪһĿСк
ׯǳĺӶҪׯй涨Ĳ飬һܹͨ飬ζδ˽д
ׯ𱰣ӵǿߣ޲𾴣˾ׯʮ󹩷˵ׯѧ߷塣
ˣׯУܶͥϣںһһ˭츳ڵĺӣôһ죬Ȯõ
Ҳ⣬Ϊĳ˶ҲлΪһߡ
峿δɢѾм׺ͯׯп䳡ϣΧΧ˴һ죬ׯһȵĲʢᡣ
ĬȻ䳡ʯϣɫ£ֻվΧ֮˾ǰһǿơ
۾ҲǰԳԾѣʵѾԼϱӵĴʦʵ
ǧ񾲾ųĺͯǣЩͯһǸ߸ϵ
һֱڰ̫СҪǴʵϾЩ̫ԶˣҲ˴ǰμӿ˵Ҫԭ
6굽8ĺվߣ8굽10ĺվұߡֱַָŷ˵ȴʮ㣬ص˶
ͯѸٵķֳɶվãһͦأɴ۾Ǽ۹
΢΢ͷ۹ͬһɨ·ĺͯڿڻ˵ڿʼҪղпĿ顣̧ǵͷ­˫Ȼ´վ˵ǰͷ˭ҪƶվȣҹؼҺȥν100˱̭֣ԣǿɱׯҲǼ˵û
ˣˣ
ٺͯȻһɢĹâ
ٸͦıֱһҧվţ˿Ҷ·Ⱥʼ˽۾ȴĶЩͯ
һʱȥˣûһͯ⶯ͨСһ
Щͯ˼ҳ֪οҪԣ˭ҪǱ̭Ǹ˳裬Ǽĳ衣
ǵϵĺӣӦڿӣ԰ɣĺҲǿѹֳôипĶࡣ
ٺ٣ǰֱɲǰ׵ģʱ˵վһʱվһһҹֺηֻҪ岻̫ӦÿԳŹһ졣
еɢȥһֻ̫ӶԽԽȣЩͯһͨ졣
Ҫˡ۽ǵһͨ죬˫Ȳϴĺͯ
ͨǺӵص˲
ԽԽ֮󣬱ϵк̭ͯС칦Ѿ̭һͯ
̭100˺ʣµĺͯʹֲסҲǿԽܴׯеѵġ
ţǼվñֱģϲԽЦ
û뵽û׼죬Ȼô쿪۰ϣˡ˷ܵзŹ⡣
Ű꣬ȻԼôãǲӣûϣˡһҲ߶Ȼ̾
ǺǣҲȫû뵽Ӳ7꣬ϣġЦŰοߣԺ
һҺþҲû㿪ˣԭֻǰһԣ㾭󣬵ȰμӣʱĻͱȽϴˣʵû뵽Ӳͨ˿顣
ʱ磬ӶܹվѾ50ˣвٺͯʼ˫ȴ
ׯ峤Ҳͬ˳ߣžȻ50˼ֵ󣬼˶ЦˣǸɣܹ30˼Ͳˣû뵽ȴ50ˡһЦ
峤΢Цĵͷ۾ȴɨϵЩͯڼͯ΢ͣԽԽϲ
ʱ䣬ҲӦýˣǣͯ־Խǿ󣬾ӳʱ
ģӶĹˣûֱ꣬ŰͯзĿ顣
䣡
䣬䣡
ϵĵЩͯһ弫ޣεĲ
ÿεһר˸ȥֻǣЩӵļҳȴ۲ѡ
ֵܹʮˣÿҽ峤΢Ц˵
һͨ˼˵ǲ٣൱һͨ˼꾰õ£롣
Ҫܹõһܿİɣ
Ͼ̫꣬һɹϾͿðϵĺ£ֲܹ£Ҳʼе㷢ˡ
ӣӣ־ӡĬϾ꣬ʱѾǿ־ˡ
ʮɫĴųϻܹվĺͯһ˼
68ĺͯڣѾֻӻܹվˣж˫΢֧Ų˶ˣȻȴһĺʼıֱ
ֹһϢżͨȻֻʣʮˡ
ףļҺӣôСȻܹôãĺа룬ִ˴κͯеĹе塣
۵Ҫȴ治ɫпֻԼ֪ܵĿ⣬¶ͯ΢Ц
΢ϾȻֳЦ⣬΢΢ͷ
󲿷˵ĿⶼۼϣСƺûвμϽĿ飬ȫǺճаĽСļˡ
ǸСļҵĺӣ峤΢Цָ
һȻصĺӣ
̫ˡһԵȫû뵽ǸӾȻԼصģζţ10ԼΪŵӵĻᡣ
̫ɹ󺹣зЩŰͯʱε̨ϵͣԽˣԻؼҳԷɣ
һ󻶺еĺͯԺ̨ȥһϲԽֵܹлΪ״ӣЩͯԸҲˡ
һժϵĺƣѸٵѵʪ͸£΢Цų˵ķȥ
˵֮ǰ֮˽Ǵϲڱǿϲˡ֮һ档


3 
ܵһ˫ֽԼ߸߾Ҳһ˿΢ЦȻϵ˻ΪԼĳɹ˷ܣȴû뵽ȫʧ̬Ŀϲ
ιõĿ飬ԣѶȲ󣬵Ƕĺͯԣȿȡѣϣںǧһϣζǰ;
ףûͷҲܹоиٴӺ׷вЩ졣
վס
ͬеһȺ񹧾
ǰɣģӦ̱ߵ֮ˡ
һ̧ͷˣ̵ͷͷǡ
ʱΧļҲȫͣĿ
Ҫ̸ûǵ飬޹˵ȣȥ
ߺĲźĶס
⺢ӽ6ꣿƺе㲻ŵʵ
ǣ⣬вϲ
ȷ6ꣿƺȻš
ȷɰ϶˵
ֻ꣬ǾţͻȻЦˣͻȻųЦݣԵúͻȻ
﹩ϽҸһᣬǰᵽҹϽĵ̣ԸԸ⣿ʵ
Ը⣬ȻԸ⣬ֻǣҿûϽǲ뿪ĹϽ֮ءЦ
ƽĿǰĺˣǽֿļһǴеĹ֮һ
ߣֻҪԸͺãǱߵ飬Ȼϣǻؼʰһ£ᵽҵĵ̣ҸʮĶأҪκ˰һҸۡҡ˵
׸أҪ˰𡣡һĴϲԵ޹ʵĵڱ¿еΡ
Ҽ˶¶ϲɫ߸ϵĹȻֻ˵ЦһǾǴӵ軧ƽķԾҼβأ
ҸڴӦ΢΢һ̣ӻȡʮӣ͸ǵģȥúøСӲӣƼݵġ
ߺҼ˴㶵Ŀеӣһʱ˵
ǮȢϱˡЦ
ʮӣҲ湻󷽵ģС壬㹻ȢһϱˡҲЦ
д󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޡҵҲֻбһҲܹȢޣ֦ɢҶǾòˡ
ף˵ˣǮǸģɲܹط˵Ժ׬ܶǮȢƯϱҵһأЦ
һȻ쳣۰ԼɾԽ̫ת䣬ñͨƢ־ǿ϶飬˭ҲȰ
ҵúúŬȡ׬ӣһٰƶΪׯеĵ̾
һ峿лƮŰɫҴһ䳡վŰͯ
һͯΪ5С飬ֵǿһ飬ֱӸ
20У6-8ֻˡ
Ѿ֤ǵǱڽѵУ˭Ŭᱻ̭ȥǿǱ߻80ŲǵĿȱˣֻҪǵûгʮ꣬꣬꣬˲½˱ǿ̭ԣܹڵһ飬ԶֻǿĶʮˡ˵
ÿճ䣬ǵѵʱ䡣ϰһ;츳ҪǸҪڷܡܹ20֮ǰﵽļߵʵôǽлΪׯĹǵһӾͲˣǵļҲ˵õˡ
ںͯз׷ð⣬ǿʲô鶼ǮõĲ£ЩСɶΪ𾴵Ĺ
䶼ССֻ6ꡣԣٶȣһÿ£һβԣһֱ̭֣ǰн2ڶ5һؽ10ÿ¶ЧֻҪʵڱܹ׬㹻ǮǸĸһ껹Ҫࡣ
ۣһ10ӣÿһΣһ12¶õһǲ120ӡ120ӣѾСͥˡðСǣӲŬȡǾ̫ûˡ
ȵĽѵ´ںͯһ˷ܵѵʱϾӰǰš
νѵܲϰѵϵʿѵͬС졣
һ⣬ǾǣĿ̫ˣȥܸойӿڡ
ͳѧοӿãȻŹŵĻᡣ
һ£˭Ҳû뵽ƽʱѵдһڲõ˵һ10Ľ
˾ã˾츳ã֮ûһΪʵ
ڶ£һȻȻڶɼ⵱ȻʵЩܹͯʸԡ

Сôã
º󣬡ֱǹ徹Ȼôã
ǹţиͯ
һʱŶȥЩͯҲãҲգ֮ΪŵĴʡ


4 
һ죬7գѾ˷츲صı仯
ûҿ°궼Է
հ֡ͻȻһϤӰ
һһʱദĻǱȽкøеġ
Ҽӭӡ
Ѽ⣬ζȫСӣûõɣѵõ¶Ц⡣
տ֣ȫûǸ䳡ϰģһЦݵ˵
ˣ죬ܣϾơд
ǺǣȻ֪ҹգôôأЦʵ7꣬ˮǱ
֪СϲǮصشţƽʱಹ塣
ַӡ
ô࣬ʹðʦˣû뵽ʦ־Ȼ£90ϣһֳĸо
ȻҿˡȻ飬һ˱㲻ˡ
Ȼˣл
ЦĽӴ뻳УӣҪǾװߡ˰ȻͣȻҪЦɡ
СӰǹ飬Ϊƽʱѵʵһ᲻֪ߣҲԣʵܹÿɶڡСӣǲÿؼҶҹܺͱһѵÿζȱһذɣЦʵ
Цҡͷ
ˡǼϵţûڼʲô书ҾͲףڼҵҲÿλ󻹼СʱɾֻùһȽЦ۾βס֮顣
ǣǼƴҲԺ˵
СӲ8ܹ꣬һȽܲˣǳǱ˼˵
˶̲סЦ
ͬ꣬õһȽͷǳǱôһȽǱޡοϴӲ⻰Ŀ˵֤ʵǱ
ҵСҲ7꣬⣬ˣ죬ϣ츳õĶȥˡ⣬иΪصߡлԵüˣͻףǰҲС׼סĵıƺʲô
˵صˣ֮˵Ĵ˵٣ϵûˣȴǸ֪Ǽ١5ϵĸ֣֮ҲʵΪˡ
һΪѾǿˣˣѵϵǿܹΪˡ
˵жʵ
ˣǿĪ֮ˣƼݵأɽɽǧ֮⣬֮Ҳ˵ǿԿ϶ǣ˾ԴڣҷǳзŹâ
ô̬롣
СӣȣԵǿģСطܹΪм߾ͺܲˣԺﵽҵļ𣬳ⴳˣɽɽĵҲ٣˵ׯ겻ߣܹԼҪϸؽмߵĳɾ͡˿ζ֮̾顣
вһ˼츳ԼĶŬϰԼ츳һ㣬ȴ˼ȡֻĿڼϣǲ̫˷Լ츳ˡ
ϾȻˣĵĻгǿҵ𺳡
¶֮ɫֺ⣬ƺı֣Сӣ˵һ죬Ҳˣֻȴûʵ£ԣúŬɣ
̸ʱϵıƽȴ¶һ˺Ѿְ⡣
ˣϱӣǸ統֮ľǿߣĴʱʱԸΧʱ
ѵڴѾû˵֣ǹ¶ģֻеʵߵʱп¶񡣡еɻ󣬹װ˿ı飬̾ˣⱲӶԵˡ
١Ҳûʲô˲ģֻҪŬұ֤ԺϣΪˡĲôСʧȥѧ׷ģȻο
ͻһеɻ󽥽Ϊ϶ľԲͨߣ°Ը񣬾Բ˵Ļ
⵽Ǹô磿Ȼˡֵͨкβͬأѵ˾Ǵﵽѧ۷ľǿ𣿡ɢᶨĹâӿ⣬ȴ֪ܹģֻܹˡ
ӿɽҲƺѧ׷΢΢ױȥֻһߴĺɫӰ
һ죬ҲΪǿߣԽľ硣΢΢ǿ£˫ȭš


5 
ѵϣͻȻֱȻһˣɻʱȴ˵ˡ
ǰɣÿζõһΪʲô֣ȫûа룬ɫȴ˿ģϾϱӣѾϰڲԼ롣
վֻӦһüëûһ£Ϸһ˿ޣԾЦ⡣
ѵ20꣬˲⣬ɻҲ˰ԸˣֻϾǺͯĸıҲεôá
зһ𣬶ǰԽˣ궼ԾȻȳ˻ҪԵó죬ԼҲ츳ĻôⱲӵĳɾ;Բֹڴˡ
ӽ쿪ʼҽʮ˰ȭƷһЩνʦţѧÿǶʱʱ䣬ԼϰȻ֮ǰĽ䡣Ȼ˵
Цˣĵͼ̫ˣԼȻʱ֣ǾԲʲôԼ츳ĶȻûз˼
Լ2ʱĲŽ˶ЩͯѵһɵվԱߣвЦˡ

аˬǼ񵽱ˣ츳ߣ־ǿҲΪ졣
Ƭ̺һլԺǰͣסˡ

լԺϵĶ֣ҲԸ̾լԺɣٱԼҵҪǿʮֹ
ˡһĿĴ帾ӭǴ帾һ˫۾ȴǾһֹ˵ʡ
ߡܲ
ȣԺԺжȭţŲͣ
࣬źۣǹһλʦܸʶЦ
۾һǸŮԼʮͣʩ죬Ĺһ˫ˮ۾ϵЦ⣬رЦ߾Ȼ2ССľѡ
ģĿԼһ6ңķǳãôĵطԵ¡
Ƥ͸źΣƺơ
ŮƷŮϣ˲ˣĶ࣬ԡ
źɫ΢䣬żģղһ˿Ҳɢˡ
ףСӣ8겻ͶŮȤˣɣǸ̥а
СôˣңѵҳĲÿ𣿡
Ǻǣ㳤ĺԸŶٺЦ
ԸУɻѡ
⣬ôϹôûԸɣ뵽
Сƨҽ컨ϴɲˣġδΪŵӣ֪Ը⣿Цʵ
źͬʱɻʦյӣҪѯôʦҴʵܹ˭ͽܣӦ˲ǡ
зɿƣֻжˣӣĲͽܵӣȻܹĹŵӣôһܹѧ书ϾʵӲ磬ȽǮҪڶ˿ɽԺʱҡΪׯͬǿʳЩײ˼ΪҡôƯ࣬ͬ㽫סˡ
кܶôڻûС
ʦܵһݣ
İʦǣҲԶһȻˣǾȥʦĻġ
ĿЦֽ
ӴԺҵĵӣԺͲȥ㳡ѵֻˣһලϰв⣬2λʦʦ㡣
ź۶һۣ˫ӶԷп֮ɫû뵽ʦյĵôСû뵽ƺܿӡҪ֪ĿĹʵǿ
үмλһѾ߻ŵĽ
ģ̫Ļ򡣡һȣһӰѾٵĳ˽жˡ
⣬ǻƹźɫ䣬⼸Ҳɫѿ
ư죬Ҵʵĸ֡𾪣֪ʦôѲļһ
Ǻǣִ֣֣ݹ٣԰ĻһЦȭ
ߣư۹һתĶסԽԽϲԽŭ
ģʲô˼ѵҴ壬ʮºͯ˽Ϊŵ𣿡ưŭ
֣ʵЩˣӲ8꣬ô˽ΪأҲǻ
յӣʲô飿ǶҿˣҵڲŶӣأĸʮٵҲ6ɣϵЦÿ죬ȴҲ죬ͻȻɫһǿӲ˵
һ˿򣬲֪ΪΣʦǰƣƺϳ
ʲôģ˵ҪսưŭڣҪ
ʦҪ嶯źͬʱȰ
ҲȰȻҲųҴʮ֣壬ưʵս˵ֹĶϻư죬ûʤ㡣
֣嶯úÿǣóӸ֣һìȻɢȰ
ҿЩһͽܣȫȻҵĸܡǷҲˣǾɣе˽ģֲ֮ˣûһգ㷢쭵ġ
ãƾʲôãİͷߵ
Ϊ֮һԼӵģĻʷĵһ
ѾҵĵӣκҲȥ㣬ԸûʸʦĲм˵
ŭȴѰ˼ΪͻȻԼ̬ǿӲ
ģûʸʦ˵㡣Ҫ˵ҲȻҲ֪ʲô취Ұᵽĵ̣ǣﲻ㣬ⲢҪ㡣ֵĻҴսһ˭˲ûʸʦ𣿡԰Ȼ˵
ƽˣƹɲ룬ֻбһԴ˭ʦ֮ǰĵлڣȻݺݵĳһڶ
ߣǻȪսҾͽܡЦһһٵ˵
Ȫսսе߾磬ݵսһ뱻ɱһʼսûֹ֮ͣ¡ԣһ˫û֮ˣǵ㵽ֹԲѡַʽս
ɫ䣬ҲǰģȻĳǲģԼ˶رãôһĸڡ
ɫˢıѩףɴ۾ģޱȡ


6 
ͬΪ5ߣѾﵽ5۷壬ѵΪĻҵĶҪ֪5߲Ųꡣúÿ
ư˵СȴǼϣŹһ㿴˼Ļᡣ
ߣϻ˵ʽ㷢Ȫ֮սӻǲӣ
˵޵ֳһǿҵɱ
ڳ˶ɵˣʱĻһս㣬ɢһĺڿС
һֱĶԴǿмӣԸ׵κһֹһεı䣬òľܾˡˣԱΪ̰Щ꣬ûҹĵ鷳ĶһЦ
˭뵽Ϊһ8꺢ͯȻҴĻԷȪ֮ս
ٺ٣ʦţ죬һаջԡа롣
˲ţΣڻԥʱͻȻ¶Ц⣬֮ȴű֮ɫ
ΪһСƨʹٺãҲûбҪȪ֮սͬΪ5ߣȻԼаջ֮սʹܹɱԼҲˣ̫ˡ
뵽ҲЦˣ˵
ˣһ8꺢ͯΪŵӣҲʲô£ҾͲˡ峤Ҫʦɱֵû㡣
ǺǣǰǶëͷˣοΪһδɵСֵĲɿأλҴĸ֣λ䣬ׯĪʧһЦ˵
֣⺢ͯˣɱðʵ⺢츳̫ˡ˵ǣǴ峤ҲΪͽ뷨أʧεĴԲ
͵Цԭ׼һģȴʦŵˣЩƤҲ湻ģղŻɷʦǻףȴЦˡ
˵ˣҪˡҲͬ⣬˭Ҳ֣ҾǣΪ飬ǸҰмӺͽܣôұضȡ˵ڴ峤Իн
ЦһȭԺеһʯͷһ죬ʯ΢΢һ
źۣͿ͡
Ķסǿʯղĵһȭ˵ʾȴֻܹ۸С
ߣʲô¡
Իû˵꣬Ȼһҵıը
䣡
ղʯͻȻڶըʯмڿл衣
˺׼ɫļˡ
վǰ棬ӿֳһɫĹʣЩըɵСʯͷ״ȫˡ
һȭʯһѣеѶȻԶ⡣
ҲܹʯͷʯͷȴܣҪӳٻǸǲܡ
ε亹ӻԶͷð֮ǰ˶ԷĻȪ֮սе
ԭģʵղһȭ弶壬ߵʵãҸղſ˳嶯ҪȻɡ־¡
ʵһΪżÿһΪΣֻǰĻ֣弶߶һļߣôʹļиľѧ弶ʤҲڰٷ֮ʮϡȼʤ㲻Զˡ
磬ģ˾ԲðͽģǸˡе˲С˹Աȭ˵
Ҳͷ󺹣æ买
ϾΪģչǿʵ˻˺ȡ֣Ǿ̫ˡ
ʦྪϲ˵
ۣҪʦһͺˡźҲĽ˵
ƨ򼱵ˡ
ߣƨץֻҪˣȻᳬҡָֻƽࡣ
ԭʦҴһ֣ҽǳʶˡ˵ԣһ˵зǳá
ţҲԵҴһ׺ڻȭϰܹʦгŹ10УʸΪʦѧϰΪѧĵȻ
ڻȭһʮУĵʾһԵźҲĿתĹۿ
ڻȭ˾һ͵İ
ڻġ
Ŀһȭûһƿ֮Ǹż׵ľ룬˻ܹܵһǿ
ɽҰ
ȭһɽ֮İϴȻ򵥵Ƕȴɽϻһ֮
Լʱѽȭһ飬ֲطҲЩ򵥵˵
Ϊʦһ飬ҪǺˣʵڼǲ£ʦ֣ʦ̡
һʱԺб˺ڻȭʽѾڻȭμġ
ѵôңϱӵļ䣬ָ˾˵ļпϲϱӣµһ²ܹǿסʽǣڵĴԣ·ԿӰ㣬һ㽫ʽС
ˣܷѧϰ似ÿ̶ˡɵˣڵֻҪ˼ʱ໥սʱ䣬ŮסңǼס˭ҪĵĴӡɱʦ֣ʦ۸㣬챻ͺúõĸɣ˵ŷ˵֣ƮȻȥ
ٺ٣ǰֻбʦ۸ڶһʦܣҲʦܣʦֲţսͽ̡źЦķǳһ
ǺǣסСʦܡЦ
ʦǻ̵ӣֱõɱþʵźҲ̫۸ˣѵΪС۸ôа롣


7 
СʦܣǱ飬ɵ˰ɣˣʦҽͷһһʱ׼ʱɱޱӡźͻȻĵĴЦ
λʦԲǿ֮֮ˡа롣
۸ŵСʦʲô£бҴ򡣡΢ЦŸͷˡ
һͷںڵ糤Ƥ޼ɵĴ£һžµںڵС̵ͦı촽һߣ΢ЦСѳҶǱߡ
һȹȴ˾úܺˣʱȹǷľٴΪ֮һ㶡
ô£ҾȻ̬ʧˡ⣬Ҳ̫˰ɣϱҲŮΪλڵļأֻе졣
ܺ棬֪еЩ뷨Ȼ߹ǣС֡
һתһ룬УҲǸ8СʹҲ쾭ġ
أʦ㣬ʦ۸ңҺ£һ򲻹ġ
ֻ̲סĳ嶯ͻȻһѱסĸ첲ȴݸһЦ͵
8վҲ͵ĲӴֻС֣һֻĴϣһֻȦס֫
ۣеԵƤ·ܹоرǶȿģ湻Ըеġ
С΢΢ţȻûʲôӦȴԵе㡣Ҳѹ֣Ȼ8꺢ӵ壬ȴ30˵ġοϱӿǱ׼ĴУһӢš
ϱӵźⱲֲɣ
Сƨźۿۿ޽еоȻһĪ⣬ȻǼʣȴĽ
ҲܹСʦһסʦ㣬Ǹöð
ź۳ճյĿοࡣ
Сʦܱޣ㱧㣬òá
¸£¸£аˬѡ
ãҪ㱧ɵͯ
һѽڻУЦеĿйУоϲмȵȣһ㡣
㣬һװɵ˵
һ㶣ű΢ЦС
ϴĴŮ㣬ֻ궼ˣݸܣˬᡣ
͹鿫ͣȴǲܹġС츳ǿúϧʵǶԲԼ
ӴԺԺ˵أʦĺٹʼ˵żͣۿ˵ϰȴ˵һֻЦ
ʦǮջŮ㣬ˣѧȤӳտ񣬾ԺʱŻؼҡ
ѧ֮һ֮Ȼοһºزʵ£ʦִĺ޻֮Ҳİ
ԭѧΪ⹦ڹν⹦壬Ҳܴﵽ߼ߣҲӵ
ڹķпܴﵽżĻᣬڹķҲ൱ϡ٣һ˲⴫
ʦģΪԵɺϣӵжŵڹķʵ˭Ҳ㲻ֻ֪Ƿǳ
ʦ࣬13ﵽļߵʵͻƣﵽļжεʵЩ֪»Ȼ󲨡ʮ󹩷УҲļʵʵѾʸսĹˡ
ʦźۣ13꣬߶ʵʵҲǷǳˡ
ʵĺܿ죬ԳƵһǧǰֻܹǿһ߶壬һʱ㵽˶ߵʵ
ԽʵԽѣЩׯеͨˣձҲһߣߵġʱűŲ8һ㣬ﵽ˶ʵ
һʮűԼɵˣжʵڽǣűҲʹ߶ʵ
12꣬Ѿӵļ߳εʵʱźҲŸսļߵľ硣
ӰͥԺߡ
ʦܣСҵĺڻġ
źۺںЦս
һսʦֵܣȻϤԷʽźеƾǿƻˣĵġ
뽫ιһ㣬ֻʹѧһǰӦÿ³Źʮ˰ɣǺǣҲչ¶һ·âˣʦ϶Ϊ͵ˣҾѧڹķˡ
ھСһԼ
һˣʦܹȻ̿࣬Ҿļεʵܱɣ
ź۴һȭ
ֱӵһȭȡ֮ƣٶҲǳ죬ܡ
ʵ㣬ȻʱģΪڼҹ׼ӲһС
䣡Ҳǰһȭ
СʦܣСģеĽе
һнӴź۲а̾ãʵԼҪǿ࣬һƺܻˡ
ŵŵţվ壬źȴֻ΢΢һǿһĿȻ
ʱźȴѾ16꣬ʱ˺ܶ꣬Ź10УҲɴ̾츳˵á
ϲʦܣͨˡźЦ
СʦܣġԵøˡ
ʦ㡣Цųȥࡣ
΢һԥûжܣ𣬱ϾĿУֻǸСӡ
¸£Цĺ
һĴȱŮ뻳ָоǺ
ǺǣҲû뵽Լϲɷ˺ΣоȻ
ź۶ֱˣԼ˱һѱĽͬʱһּʣϾڵҲ1.4ĸͷҲǸСˡ
ѵñȻҪ౧һᡣ
ԺӱХĳƮϣֵһӶ޷
УֻǱסԼһ˲䣬ضƺǲڵģֻԼࡣ
෢ЦĻоȻǰԼû뵽ȴǱˡ
˵ЦϵԺл죬źƵĶյڵϣԽԽǲˬǴѾ󣬲֪˶ϡ


8 
żͥԺУ͵Цѣ12ѾܹźгŹʮУǰ;ΪԼĵӣҲԼĽ
ֹûУһȺСͷ
Ĵ⼸Ծ㵽Ժ֮С
Ŷæʦ
źһģжʱܸĴ˿֣дʵѹơ
ղŸ϶ıԣһֱڿȻҶҪϣǣڵʵȷʵʸѧϰ似ˡ˿ֶ˸ղŵ§ΪЦ
ʦ˹
ʦлҪ˵ź˵
Ӧһźۡ
ˢһ£ź۵ɫͻȻƬƬΣԭϲ̧ͷͦصźԴ
ߣһɨô¡
ʦҲ֪˵Ҫǲ˵ĻԺ͸ûл˵ˣرСʦܿ쳤ˣԣһҪ˵ź۾ȻЩ͡
ҪסС˵ڵź۸ǰԼŮı׶ôƣвеͬ
ѵϲʦ㣬УԲУʦҵģ˭Ҳܹȥðһ˽ͷ
ѩʱˣҲΣߵĵͷ
ʦϲʦ㣬ϣʦܹȢʦΪޣҽһչ˺ʦ㡣ź̧ͷ˵
Ŷ飬д󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣΪʦ⼸ȴЩ¡ҲգС÷ҲһָġΪʦд˴㣬ޣǺǣԵĻΪʦͳȫǶЦ˵
϶ȥʦĸѯ
źŴϲʮ𼱵ıȥѰʦĸˡ
ͻȻʼ䣬ǰԼһϰʦ㣬ҪôҼ޵˲Լܰޱȵܣ
ˣ϶⺢ΰЦʵ
ʦӢ˧Ϊ˺ƣձȻΪܡ˵¶ӵ⡣
ôߵۣ¿ɳɡĴЦ
ŵ㣬ԺˣΪʦܼŮȢ檣׼ϵֵĺϲ£졣
ǺǣǿЦȴ㲻ζ
ʦĸź۹ɵվ
źۣԸȢΪޣչһһ𣿡Цʡ
ʦ𣬵Ը⡣źдϲĵͷֻûҸεȥ
࣬Ը޸źΪ𣿡ʦĸҲЦʵ
ʦʦĸԸ⡣
˵Ըʱš
жͻȻ˵
˭Ҳ⣬ʱ˫ȭգ΢Цȴȿ޻ѿ
˵޷Ц
һϣʦܵ书ʱҲʽӦ޸ڶⱲֻܹȢһˡ
һٹ꣬϶ڼ֮»ǺϣġڵڶҪѯ϶ˡĳ
һˣ檺ƽԽǮƵӣȢԽ࣬Ҳһ˵λĳĵڶʵ൱뾭ѵġ
ɵѾͷ檺ƽģοΪ¹ڻأʦĸȰ
ҾҪʦҲֻȢʦĸһΪβɣ෴ʵ
ɵӣֻ֪һ֪ʦֻȢһ̫ЦˣûѾÿ궼ỻúˡʦĸƳһġ
ںĴŹֻ˵һ䣺ƽ£ֻȢһޣ㻹Ҫô
ʦʦĸǱ˵ˣֻҪʦܹҵĹ⣬ԸⱲֻȢһˡźĵ˵
һ˵˶ЦˣΨȴȿ޻ѿ
ҶĸоϲǴҵӦô죿ʹı۾
һμ棬ʦ㾪Ϊˡ
һαǣ֣һúӵݽӽһαڻУһν
еĵεӿļ䣬ˣԼ΢չˡ
ᣬͻݣʣвŻ
ղű˲䣬΢ḧĳǷ˿ԼϵĴ
ϲȷһ㡣
ܺãΪʦʦĸһǵĻޣڿʼ΢Ц˵
Уҷԡ
г
˵עһȵĿ
СֻǼ޸Ժǻõģ֡еżˡ
С޸ǺܺõĹޣһСӱϹ廰ʦĸҲԵе㲻ˬˡ
ȴѡ˳ĬУмصĸоȻֻһСǣǿҵķԣȻ᲻ô򵥵ԭ
һԵĳɣƽʵ
Ϊϲ࣬ҵģһȢΪޣ˭Ҳɫ˵
һȳˡ
ͬʱɴ۾ͣһʱ֮䣬ƺˡ
࣬΢Щ⣬û뵽СʦܾȻҲԼԼһֱСܵܣֻڸղű˲Ÿоˡ
ͽܶҪȢ࣬ˣ£ʦҲƫ̻κһλҪð취һʱֲ֪֮˵Щʲô
ʦܣʮ꣬Ů֮£Ȱ㻹Ƿɣź۲żȰ
ʦ֣ˣŮ֮£8Ͷˣ֪ܹСӡԣҲܷʦ֣Ը㹫ƽȻ
ƽ⣡̾
СʦûøУ㲻ԣ͸ǳ⣬Ǿɣʵ
ЩΣһۣ̫Сѡ
˭ʵңҾԸ޸˭ߵ˵
ʦ㣬иҿɲܹӦǾⱲֻȢһ̬˵˵ãõʱԼˡ
磬ɲɵֻɵ˲ŻȨ
СʦܣСķϣҲҪǶֻҪ˭ܹңҾͻῼ˭ȻǾԲġЦ
Ǻǣܺáˣͬ⡣
Ҫʵ̫ˣڵʵпܻࡣ
Ҳͬ⡣źҲظ˵
һָ࣬Ȼһ䣬ָԼ˼ԣҵġ
ֻѵͷ


9 
׻˵һ˵õȮ졣𽥵ĳҵĵλڴҲ˷츲صı仯
˽ֱ·ʱϵǰͬǰһ£ͷűȻ
Ǹɾɫӣһ˫ڷƤѥһѴ󿳵ŸűĹܼңȻЩȻҪмӣˮǴߣڴǰ;ȻǴеʵȨҲ˸ҵ
У΢ЦĿϥѾܹˡ
Сӣϣ12ͱﵽļжεʵ˱ˣȴȻġ
תҵⴳʱõһڹؼ˹ȽʺϾһ⹦ʹãհ˹ΪתʵҲǷΪŸΣÿһΪһתܷ˹ҲҪĻԵʮУһʺ˹ȻʣǾԿ޳ɵһתġĽ
ڴڹΪҪﵽߵȼߣƾǸʵġԼĴʦ磬ڹоҲƤëѡǶѧ⾳İգΪտ
ڴһתھ㼯оҿھʱ֮ǰľ֪ʶĸܱߵͨɣڵ츳õĻӦͿɡ꣬϶ʱ䣬㲻ɣ
ʦ׼ˣھɣȻ˵
ʦڵĿھĬᵤ֮ı仯
Ƭ̹оһ˿޵γɣаϲ
տھĸڵİվзλѨλ䴩ߡ
ɫأĶű˹ڹҪһСı˾ĲŻء
ʱһһĹȥˣƽ飬ŷеĽ֮顣
ʱȥˣ΢Ц۾ھ˰죬ӳʼ飬ʹ̵崺ůӵĸоĺ
ܺãڹҪרע²Ҫܹ޳ɵһת͵
ʲôôܣ
һִֻʱͻȻɳˣֱŵһ
ʦôˣѵʲô𣿡
غδǰ;Ҳ̲סʵ
ȴδţһ˫۾ɨɨȥֱȫĸо
ǹﰡԣýţеšͻȻϲЦտֻûЦ
ʱ˵һתţҲô͡ĵҲһ˿֮⡣
Ǻǣʦô˵ȻˬѣƣԼ츳ԽãȻԽˬ
ǧãȴҲҪʶʦûûгһգͽܻʦġܺʱ˵һƨ
ͱؼҳԷˣͷҸŹȥ³Է󣬸ҽڶתģܼ
磬ڶתŬ˰죬ȴҲûгɹףһжֻ츳ġתÿһתѣԽԽѣڶתȵһת˼ֹתת֪ԽԽѡ
ʦʦڼתˣʵһֱܺ档
תúŬһ֮ھпܸ˵
ÿɷĵͷڹתʦҲǿļߵʵԼ⹦㵽ļжεʵ֪⹦ʵԼѾʦ̫ࡣ
ΪʦҪӦһȻ˵
ʲôʦܿڣһЦŻش
ʣ㳬ʦҲǼ֮ڵ顣⣬ƴҲⱻ㳬ΪʦϣͬŲҪԹ֮⣬ʱ˺ʦ֡ʦҲͦ׵ģͱΪӣЩӴŮʦ㣬Ҳ֮顣㣬ͱĺܣòƴֻҪɫеŮӶռ˰ɣЦ͸һ˿Ź֡
ףԲΪʦֵġٺЦƤԽˡ
Ҳգǲ֪˵㣬ܸо˼ʮƵģȻôСͣĶʲôŮ֮¡ˣȥɣɣĶ˵
һȴǲɫŹͷӦҲʦĹ۲ȻԼһЩߡ
ڷмתֹʵкܴĺôÿһתٶȣԵߡ
νڹҪñת޳ɵתԽ࣬ô㻹ʹһͨȭʵҲʱ䡣
ڶתôһаˣΪʦ㣬һҪ޳ɡ
ּ֮ɫʼڹʱҾ磬ֳһ˿ЩĻϸ۲죬ᷢЩƶš
ŵ֮ı仯һСʯӰˣһһ˹ڲ𽥵ıĳӯ
ӻƻʱһֱϥʱţֱշǰףһ˿˿ɫĹӿ䡣
Ȼƣֻǣ΢΢̣һ˿ϲɫ


10 
һԺ䳡
źŵվԺһǣһʱ䣬ʵĴ̼£ߵٶԶԶ˵Ĺơ
֮Уźʵ죬ȻҲǳŬʵϵԽչȴԶԶˡ
һУź֪츳СʦܣҲʱȣԽԽûлᣬΪвʵ̫
ܲ׾ĸź۵ĸ룬Ҷԣһ֮޷࣬ôпܻᱻõᡣ
һУźǴ£˳ԷƽʱҲѵ˵䣬ÿֻ˯СʱȫĵͶ뵽С
ڷģһָţһջ
ʦҾˣսʦ㣬ʦ֤źʮ˵
һǰźһаܸʦ㣬һµĿȻĴǡ
΢ЦĿ࣬һУĬԵźۿɸ̫ӴĻᡣ
ˣȵġ
Ҳ޷ֻǸСˡ
ԼȥΣÿλϼʻǵĻŭš
ˣһʱ䣬еĵλ䣬ǰ۰ڵ¶⣬һֻʱ֤ѡ
һ£ӣһһЦ֮䣬Ƿ֡
ӼʵܿĵģΪ˾ӵʵʵںˣ֪¶ᾪȵķ
ҽܶʦܵսƽ˵
˶վһԹս
źɢ޷Զȥƾˡ
ã֮ǰҲ׾ˡֻһ۱쵽ź۵ı仯
˾ת󣬱ʵڲرʵһ޷ġ
һ˿ɫƺţһµʱ䣬ź۾Ȼô죬ʱеԹһ
ȿȣ
˱ǰͻȻԳ
ʦҲҪսʦ㡣Ц˵
һҲ⣬Ȼ¶һ˿ЦǶ˶Ҫս࣬ɲð졣һӮˣڶûлˡ¹ǵ¡Ǻá
źһСʦ־£ÿζҪԼĺ¡
ʦܣսʦǰһսʤ߲ſսʦ㡣
⣡Ц
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Ǻǣʦ֣룡Цǰȥ
ʦܣɵСˣΪʦ㣬ǲġźЦһ
źۣУʦʹñѵ
ʦôԣƽɣ̲ס˵еڵĽš
ʦ㣬ģĹѾעû˿Ըıġںȴּŵ˵
ļжôѵΪ̿ѵҾûŬ
аЦһԼŬ̶ȾȲѷɫźۡÿֻ˯3Сʱȥһûʲô鶼ת
ʦ֣С
һֵȭźؿڻ
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ĺã
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һײȵվԭأźȴ΢΢ζһ£ȭͷϴҵʹ
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аȵһЦһȭ˹ȥ
Сʦܣڹ༱ˣ̲ס
ð󾫹עֻȭͷһ㵭ɫâ
ȻҲǾתתôܣĵɴ۾ʧе־ϲ
䣡
˶ھд֮һƺߴź۾ֵվȣӿֳһѪ˿
⹦ǿڹҲǿѵһˣȻźоŭӡ
ˢһɫĳˡ
ź۶˵ֱʹ콣
콣ڵĽһ׹ŽҲųŽÿһǽƫ棬ӵǿɱܹʹߵʵɱӡ
콣ܺãˡ
Ѹٵ㣬źۿνǹעһȫ֮£ʵֹһ
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ʦൣİΣ
ȴδţ۾Ķס˳ϡ
ߣ㲻ѵҾͲԵô
һ󣬵һΪȭ͵һȭڽϡ
Ϊ֮һ裬ܿ־
߶ߵ֮ЦˡϱӣʹýԽĽź֮ϡ
ź۴󾪣鼱֮ʹȫ֮ͻȻðһ˿˿
ףҳɣȫҲ˲䱻ǣûھ̫ðһ㡣
ĿЦ
źҲǾϲ֮˲ǿڹ뽣һΪ̶ȲУʦ㣬Ҳû
ŽʹһҲ͸ˣȻԷнԼҲھȻҲ¡
źüͷ㲻ΪȻԼҲ˿ڲ֮ء
ʮʽ
ź䣬ʹһ׽
ʦڵĽȻҹ̫߳࣬ô϶Ѿˡ̾
һʱźʹȫȴʼ޷κֺҲźµĹ
һܣǾ͵ѧ书ļܣԷֻҪһ齣԰˾ŲʮաԣȻٽǣȴһҲõġ
ˣҰܸʦܣҾȻˣź۴Ϣĺܾң
ʦֽȴû뵽ȴսˡ
ҰˣʦܱϷŪΪˡźȻ˵
ҲûãʱźеĽղˣڴȥֻ»۵ſ¡
Բʦ֡ͻȻеʦ֣ԼΪһԡ
ͨ죬ڳ䶨мȾߡ
š鲻ԽĽе
ź۵ͷеʹͻĶˡֻǣϰ䣬־Ҳ൱ᶨģȻΪ
ãҿҲˣ֮࣬ǰĳŵ𣿡Ц
ó档
ܺãǴʦ֣źΪʦ֣Ϊʦá书ӽԺǶĿڰɣĴЦ
ϲʦʦáźۿʪˣǿס˵
ˣ϶١ǰĹȣڵʵҲܿ죬Ϊʦοİο
ʹˣӵӭȢʸҲһٳΪ֮еĴʦ֡


11 
УһɫӰϥƵ£Ȼź
ڤһƵĵͺ
ˢһɫĽ⻮˻谵Ӻǰ
ٶȼ죬˲Ծ֮⣬䵽Ҽǽϣʯм
ϲ־˲١
ڽҫ£һļٸվںɳϲ˵
ɫԵ͸˿˿ŵĺͷ
飬ӾԷɳɱǣͽҲΪұġ˼ҧгݵĵͺ
ⶾѹƲ˶ˣ༸ʮ꣬¾ͻӵȫ˵ĵķʱľϲϡ
ɢ
һŭ𣬺ʦģʱɫŤţȫûƽʱӢݡ
ţţţ
ɫĹâ˲ǣΧļתţ⽥Ϊһ塣
ɽٶȿ쵽һʱɫȻʼƮɢ̹洫һ˻˻ը
ˣСģϿ˹Ȼ֪˻ᾯ裬ǣĻ̲סڽе
һСĵġ
ͷӦ˫һһɵİɫ˲佫ΰͳһɫƿ
գƿз·һ㣬ȻĿʼ֮ƮУƿƺһ㣬Ǻɫ׷ꡣ
һĹȥˣĺԽԽ٣ལٶҲ
ߣһߣɫĻ˲ɢӰ١
ĵɫ˫ֳſһӣʣĺɫ徹Ȼġ
ɶλӵĶȻȻԲϵأܹ֧ŵѾˣʹǣĶҵΪ޷㲻ԪҲѣɢޣ˵ҰްĹâ
ЩľǱ֪Ҳһų޵ļ尾81167ÿۣо޾ĳޡǣǵĵ̫ǿˣȵñһ죬Ⱳˡŭ
˳𲻱ĲΪˣǻɹġҧ˵סĵ֡
ļƻյʶرݶô츳ĺӡܹŬȥһϣѧﵽ壬ܹ˳ȻˣʱһٶȾͻǿҪʱ䣬ǵĳ޾ԿԵñʱǾ˻ȪҲĿкỨ
Ҷģ̾ΪɢޣΪȴߣ޷ЩӵԣֻܹƾֱжˡУ⺢ӵѧãҲô֮·һûԣ¸޷ɡֻܹҵ·ֻҪܹﵽѧޣȻӵԺ·Ҳ˳١̾
ˡһжģϣǺõġ˰ο
΢΢ͷâ˸¶һĨЦݡ
˭棬Ͻҹ
ɫͻȻһһâǰ⾲ĵġ
ǰɣܹ֣ʶȻǿزп̾һѾǳСˣʹϱѧһһ˿ҲûзǱٰ֮⡣
䡱ҵʯͻȻ䷢˲Ϣ֮䣬ʯźȻ䱬ѡ
Ӱ˳ķ򸾶ˡ
˴ΪصڣԲ֮ڻأŵҲڡ
һʯϣڻſʯϣ弸ʯͷС
ʱһɫԲװʯͷɫžôҲԼﱻˡ
һŻҵģûзһ˿֪ҵĴڡԼ൱ŵġ
С֮ͽѵҪĳ𣿡һ˿Ŷ̽κεطںͿ˵һ㡣
شŽĵ˱㾾оòô벻Ǳηֵġ
ߣײĲᡣͻȻ̧ͷĿһɽ
һξȻͻȻԭʧˡ
һƺߡ
Ŀǰĺˣ˲ͷĵʱͬץС
ã쳷ͬʱӰӸɢݡ
һӣеĽ⼤ȥ
Ȼڴ͵ǻǰɣȻɱ5ҵĸ֡˲ֵ֮
ԭ㣡Ȼ͵ǾȥɣЦһ̤ϵ֮ˡ
ˣһ幩幩ԽԽ๩ˡߣһɱ֮˵ƽɱȴȻӶ
ȵķ뿪Ÿоʪģͬˮݹһ㡣
ʦʦĸߣѾģʵ̫ǿˣȻɱ5ҵߡұ֣ʦֲ֪ңղǱɱˣ뵽ԽԼ̫Դˡ


12 
һºׯӭʮһıʢᡣ
ׯʵǿĹΪ٣αԹֶ֣һΪӼıԣһսıԡ
ӼıԣѹûμӣҲɳźһ˳սĵԤϣźѪеĶ
ڶ죬սıҪʼˣͷϷ˵֮ǰĵӼıֻǿθˣսıǴ͡
ׯʮڳУʮֻۣվһǿɱ֮
ׯĹ֮սǳţսߵݣλ
峤粽ϱȺ˲㰲ׯϵĵһ֣Ȼڹ֮Уƹ˵Ĵ壬ȻλȨء
λףλúǣׯս쿪ʼǱĿܣĸ֣ǽеĺúֻҪܹׯκһлΪׯµĹλ㵽ΪֹԱⲻҪˡڣսʽʼʮĺȵ
ʮһſ泯棬ȴսǰս
ȻսɹĪĺôǣʵȴô׵ġսʧߣֲͬ峤˵ĵ㵽Ϊֹ
Ȼиֵķ緶˭Ҳ뱻˵һ˸սʵһĺѿ
Ƭ֮󣬵һս߻˱䳡УྐྵȻǱ幩ǵĵӡ
ͽȻսĹɹʦͽͬΪڴеĵλҲӦ
ͬʱѡսһʮ
ʮǰսɹģԣ󲿷սѡ
ѡսһȻ˵÷ֳʤֻʤ߲лս
һȺ׳գˣʮǰʮܹΪʮȥˣѵй붼Ҳǹеˮ׼Ц
źҲԵͷȻԲô۸ġ
ׯǰĹʱûǰս
ЩһҲսĸӦò٣Ҫȵʱ̲Żĸֳ֡峤ɢâΧѹѹȺ
սͬһֻܹһǿս֣߳ˣսǱȷֳǿߡ
޻ڹţ˵ĵһʵǿҪս㡣
һɤŴĳ
ʲôֱսһҲһô˸սһ
˭ģȻҪսǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
ڵˣһ֪
Ҹҿ϶һܿ챻ų̀Ⱥ
ߣҿᣬǱˡ޻˲߲ͬУһɱ㡣޻һ˿ɫмߵ
ׯʮ󹩷ж޻ڵͽܣΪׯһȻĸ
ţʲôţƫаҪͷ߲Уһɱ㡣ţĺƺƢҲ൱𱬡
սһ˵ӻǹġ̾
ǲһŶոߵ˵ĺ
˶ע⵽սׯһţ
޻ڿǿߣǸս߿ȥʮ꣬ȥսô
һͣȽսһıһҲ׷׺
ȥţ1׾ϣɫ΢ڣ׳ţϿŰѾ޴Ŀһɷ
Ҫսң޻ЩɻϽսϣûһ˸սԼû뵽ʮȴôļһսˡ
ѵ۸ɣΪôУƫƫҪѡң
ϻ˵Ҫʹ򣬿ñ׼ãϾҪˡţͷ˵ԹԵĳϵĴ󿳵
6߳أһͲͨĻɫ⿳Ҳаء
ţһᵶ趯һȦ·һ㡣
֣аޣ˿֣˿ŵмһ֣֪ûУǸţһӣ֤˵áղһӣʵһָʽһ˵Ȼ
޻ɫ΢䣬ȷʵмʵôᣬιҲȥԼ

ţҲ˵һ׻Ŵ󿳵ͷ£·Ҫһ
С
޻һһֱһȭӭ򵶱
Сү
ţĿƺһ㣬һ׷޻ȥ
޻Ц֣ͻȻһȭͬڵ㳯ſȥ

޻д󾪣ȭպϵʱͻȻֿ渡ֳһɺɫĹâȻǺɫ
ȭͷʹ޻ڲϸҲ֪ȭͷԷĵˣԼӦܿ죬ʱھֻᱻϵ
ˢһ޻ڼ궼õĽˡ
ɵСӣһ


13 
޻е֮ģȡ˱УһʹԼֵĽ
һӰðӨӨ磬ལ̱ǡ
ĺã
ţ˿壬ƽһ𣬵ֳ˱ϵսصĺɫսסȻ粻һ㡣
ɫս֣ţƸͣϵĺâ޻ɫѿ
䣬䣡
˽ֲ죬ཻȴˣââײһ𣬻Ľ
֮޻дüͷ΢壬û뵽ԷᣬھȻԼ֮£֮󣬼ֱԼƽ
ǹ񫣬ͷ㻹ţƺ˷ˣ
ţ˷֮£彥ĻΪһӰ죬ĵƽ޻ס
΢΢ЦЦĿŶ˵Ĵ򶷣ԭΪеһû뵽Ҳˡ弶жεʵǰ˾תתʵҲ弶жߡ
ԭ󲿷ڹķǷΪŲ㣬һӦһڵתʵѾ԰ˡ
ţ쳣˷ܣʱҰްĺȴǿ޻ڣԷȻѲ֮ǿ׳ֻ¼ȥԼƻһɥʧ
Ҳġ޻ڽҲΪ֮һԭռһϷ磬ڸţѹ
޻ɫԽǿɱжԷܹƴˣºѻǰˡ
Ϊ˵һ֮λƴˡ޻˫۷죬ĺ˳
ͷס֡ţ޻ڹƺ˺ɡ
㣬ʲô˼ѵˣ޻ڹŭȴǰԸˣӶԷƺ׼ȥˣԼĵһ֮λͿԱסˡ
䣿㿪Цɣţһм˵
䣬Ǿͷֳʤ޻ȵҪϣȴϣԷ䡣
ôãˣƽְɣţգ۾ƤЦ
ǵһ֮λ޻пϲɵ
֮λûȤ㻹ǵĵһˣܵģѡţЦ
޻пϲ׾ٵıȫ˵һ֮λ
޻ڲŸ˲ӣһһҪս㡣
޻ڱһȥȴֻһС˵ɲȻŭ
ҰӣȻ˲ִ֪磬ܹ˵𣿡޻ڸûϸǰ꣬ܵģŭĺǳ
ģӿǵһȻΪӺ۸һ˻֪㣬ССƨ޻еԸӡ
ŭͬʱ
޻ͬ˹ƵģȫסˣׯȻ˸ǳԼһǶˡ
ģǸʺܺõ޻ϳ˺׸ղҪսԼĵͽ
ģΪԱŵˣҾͻοģ޻ŭ
Ŀ޻һۣ˿̨ϵ΢΢һͷ嶯ʦڣׯ˭Ҳ۸㡣
峤Ķ˲ǲǿΪƣ
޻ڼֱ챻ˣҧгݵĺʱĵǷ׷׳˳׺ݵĵġ
һжһֱûףرϴ̽̽˶ʧ¡ֳ󣬿Ȱ޻ڲضŭǿֻһʱ嶯ңǶĹǧ˺
дģ˱ӵԼ𣿡޻ڼ峤ƫ̻ԼȻĵĺǳ
˵һ飬ҽ첻ɱ㣬ĲΪˣǺ⣬޻һһ˵
ʲô޻ڴסˣŶԷȻ˶Լ˵⻰ʵ̫ˣŵûˡ
Ȼ֮ǰԼԸģԼܾˣǾԲж
Ծվڶм䣬ʱĵĻоŭӣ
ߣȻ˵һ㣬ڳԱ˰ɣεҪɽۻභһˣǸ˵ģһݺݲʬǰԶԶ˶ûʲôøУȫֻĿ֡
ʦһʶˣһᣬúýѵԽͷȻĵʵԲĹԿģԣûں޻ڣǻϽ͵˵ֱ޻˵
㣬ҪսеѶȣ㻹սɣΪʦԸ͹ˡĳɵ
ߣңʦѵѵڣʦģԸʮְա˦˦ͷ˵
ãΪʦúýѵ˺㣬ͷšԼڣҲʲô飬ޱŵ˵
ʦͽˣȫûһһ£ڳ˶ɵˣһĿɿڴĿŶϷʵһ


14 
ˣ޻͵Ĵһ
棬벻һСׯȻҲţĸ֡ţЦԭ׼뿪ͷʱˡ
ǱţʦƴһҲҪǺÿ޻ڵһӳ嶯˸ƨ
ֻһǸƨԹԵĳ䳡ȥ
޻ɫ࣬׹⣬ǿҵɱȫڲزסʵһĹ׷׶ݡ
ıˣһɣҿӮĲʡɣһսɣѾߵ޻ڵǰ
˵Ҫսһȫ̱һ֮Σʮ꣬ûܹսɹ
ģҲǰŰɣ˰亹ʤ
ãҽս޻侲ԼķŭС
ձһǲռ˵ģսʱͶΪɣ㹻ʱָȵ˵
սıҲͬʱʼ
ߣĶӸҴ壬ҵĸĸ׳Ҫ㵱ɹһ˼صʮǰ
һ꣬ꡣ
죬ɽϴԻ׼һֻҰһֻҰףա
ڿ쵽ſʱͻȻһˣ߻һŮˡ
Ǹ˽УǴĳӡ
һ죬ʶ˻鷳̳ǰȥӭ
һУ̹Ĵк磬պȾ˰
̧ͷһµĴӱкһǴк
壬ˡ΢ЦĽе
ԣ屧¶˷ĵ΢Ц
߰ɣһеģ񣬸οĶѾڶ
ģСһôӿž
жĳȥץȻСȴ൱˲Ͷ㿪ˡ
ģСƨҲҶңдžȻȥץ
ȻȴϾֻ壬ȻеĶ֡
磬˰ɣôСӼƽأк͸˶ԷȴòȰ
пӾԼȻŮ˲٣ɾûĸܹϺӣˣܣŭա
ȥ
һȭǰҲߣȴһ֣Ӳһȭ
ߵһȭ߸ֻܲһȭѪء
ʱŭգȴ޷Է⡣
ɱС
סĲԶѶΧĴҲԽԽࡣ
Ȼ˾ƣȴûȫ̽Ϣûб˲١
ͬ˵ֻǷһ
мҪ˼ӣϵҰζȫȡ£źŮӴЦȥ
ޣԼ̫СսȭͷеıӰõվڷѩС
һ֮ǰоȻˣΪ˺þãԼû֡
¶һ˿ЦծҲû˵顣
ڹڵڰ˲λս࣬ѡһսûгŹʮоͰˡ
ţŵǵƨȴǰ
׼ûʵ
㣬Ҫսң
ɫ䣬ǸղҪսһʵ϶Сӡ
ңƵµļ壬ȫûеȴڼбˡ
ôˣưˣ㻰أ˿ĵ˵
ĲսֲòܣϾԼҴһ
ģôСҲһǿﰲοԼ
׼ûʵ
ãҵģ飡ȵ
žͷеˣֻһӰԼһֻƺݺݵԼϣԼȻˡ
˵֣һ˲飬ٶȿľˡ
㣬ɡʺļָӡƤѪ
Σʸ壬ѾҴ򣡡
ļʵʵǲһ㣬ܿ
žһƣһƱȸղŴĸأѪˮݷɽȥ
ת˼Ȧǿͣס
ľȭŽӣʹѣȫˡ
㲻Ǻţǿռ˼š
һš
ţһȥ۸š
뵽һźݺݵĶɲ߹ȥ弶ߵʵһȻգи
һҽ䳡
ϷķйŻѹŭһڿ̨Ͻ
һ̣ȴ̫ˣû˭ׯеĹȻ֮˱⡣
˵Ķսȫһߵ˶Ŀɿڴ˫ʵȫһϣļߵʵܵôңʲô̶ˡ
Ҽ˵ĴۣҲ˵ĴۣׯɣԺҼһΣһΡһ仰ƮȻȥ
СӣģûȤұȱȡţЦŸ˹
ߣûȤߵ
Ȼţϲ㲻ұԣҾͲ㣬޷ԡţȻŭЦʹƤֶΡ
ţ޷УҲһô˵Լʱһս
ãţšţϲ


15 
磬ĵսʼˡ
ĵӡսеһ޻ڡ
޻е֮ĸ֣еĵһ֡
һţʮΪѧ֣һսһ
˾Ҫˡ
޻αţŭ˿Ҵ⣬һʼͳ˱
أ޻ɻʵ
ʸʹñ𣿷ϻ˵ʵϼ¡΢Ц˵һ仰޻ץ
ãģʦͽҾͿܹʲôزһ޻ŭˡ
޻ڱ˵ȴ侲̽ԵĹкд󾪣ԷȸղǸţй֮޲֮һ˫ȭͷӲÿһԼײ֮
޻ƵǣԷȻõһ׺ڻȭȭͨĻȭ弸˻ʹ̫ԴˣϣʹͨȭԿԼǶԼĪ衣
ÿһȭȭͷдâ֣һ˫ȭͷֻҪϣ˷ֺ
Хţйս֮˶ס˺һ۲գĿŶ˱ԡ
޻ڵĽ쳣죬ʱ֣ۿĴ᧿Σ˶һѺŻɥڴˡ
ţʱҲʵ˲٣ɴ۾ŵĿʹһ׺ڻȭԿһ
һղҪʹ㷢Һѵֵ꣬ʵССͣȻ˵áţо̾
ֻ֮ΣգһֱţֻܹϢȴսĽ
صһЦȻ۾İΣҲϣо̾ʵ֮죬ԼĵӣʵȻԽǿԽá
ȻõǺڻȭȭͷÿһλ򳤽޻һ֡
ͬΪ弶жʵܹ·㿪ʼռ˲ƣοϱӿգ֮սʵս޻֮ϡ
޻ԽԽľǰֻʮʮܹﵽ弶־Ҫ˵츳·Բʷ֮䣬ǰ˵츳Կڵһ
ΪʲôҵûдӦԵҪΪʲôûӣҵĵӣ״޻оȻĻںޡ
ֻزˣ޻Ҳռ˿ˡѸٽսʵͿˣűֵĴ򶷾飬ûл
ۣû뵽ڻȭȴǿһʹ˾أһЦǺ˵
˵ڻȭͨȭǺڻȭΪʲôôأѵ֮ǰ˵ˣߵһͯʵ
ӣû˵ڻȭȷʵֻͨȭǣҪס˱ȹҪˣʲôʽ˽͵
ֹԸӣΧĺܶ˶̲ס̾һǵһƾڻȭԿ̫˼ˡ
ڻȭʽ࣬ϱӿѧʦʽǰ޻ڿԱȵġ
ڻȭ߸ʹãУÿһнǺڻȭ֮裬ƺȭ㣬ڻȭʹ쾡£ɴݱʽ
޻ڵɫѿҲû뵽̶ȣȫԻԼȴⲻ޻ʼջһ˿ϣ
֪ѧ书ʽأľѧȫһ飬Ĳݡ
ڳϴ൱ʣٴʽ˵ȷʵˡ
һսС죬ׯ˿ǽζһƷͷ㣬˿ʱšرЩǣֶսҲǴи
޻ԽԽԽ࣬ʹ˲پУԷܹɻ⣬ԼѾ۵ĹǺԷȴԽսԽ¡
޻ڣˣȭ㡣ͻȻ緢˵
С˵Եſʱ򰡣ͻȻп
䣡޻ֻеĽסһɴԼѪڣǲˡ
ôܣȻô޻ڴе㷢Σпɬ
û޻վȣٴǸ͵һȭϮ
䣬䣬䣡޻ˣеǿסȭ
ƣ
ȭѵ
飬޻ڵĽһԷȥ
ȭƲ޻ڲִٵ˫ȭȥ
䣡ǿһζԾѸٵȭȻ
޻ֻ˫ȭͬһ㣬һѪҲ̲סͬߵķݷ˳ȥѪһء
޻־ģˣ־壬ʱϣԼɡ
ߣɱҲڡ
ʱⰲķһȻͣﶼ
ʦͽΪˣвζȴ޿κΣѸٵĸʮսɹΪׯһ
ʮĵһ
ζʲôׯȻھͻ˵һʮأǸ
ʮ꣬ᣬԺǰ;
ׯһλţׯҫׯϣ
Χ۵ȺݵĳĬɽʱĿѾСˣׯĵһׯϣ
ӥҪչ߷գýһƻˣϣ㲻ҪʧĿűΧƵа̾


16 
ΪһׯͻȻһ˼Ĺ֮¡
ǰһϣдѰӣһʧֵͯ˴峤
峤δϣϾ̫ƤС·ˣȥݼңҲƽ
ǣǰϣׯͯʧ٣ȫʮµĺͯ
Ըǿ˴ɳйҹѲӡ
һׯȼŻѣɰǧĴԶɶĴѲӡ
Ȼȵ峿ׯٴδϢʧʮͯ
֮ڣһʧʮͯׯ˿ڶҲ޷ܣοЩϢׯѸɢ˿ֻţׯ׼ϼҴڵ뿪ׯ
ΪȶģѸټй̴¡
ҲУҲǾʮͯԵ޹ʵʧ͸ŹŹ֡
ҼûʮµСȻҿҪˡ뵽жʱһɡ
λز˵Ҷ֪зʲôˡλȻΪ˴йΪʲôĿĳΪĹҶάׯеİεܼ֣һ춼ʧСûз顣Եý
ΪҴĴ峤⣬ǳأ˵񶼻׷뿪Ҵ壬ʱҴͻѸٵ˥ȥ
ͯʧٵĺܹ죬ΪжֿܣһΪڶʲôҰǱɽгСԵһŰ죬ׯвȫѯʡƹ֮ǰǰȥҰ顣ϵ
ǣ峤Ҳ֪̬أѸٵı˳ȥ
е
ڡǺӦĿǰݣƺоֵֹġ
ǰȥ麢ͯʧסȻǵһ¾Ϊƻ֮ǰ档Ŀʦͽһۡ
ǣ峤˵
£Ĵһǧׯ񱼸ʧٺֳͯ
·ϾƬũмʩʣһô๩ͣлƣ
΢΢ͷ׼ȥȴǼüģɻ
壬ôˣΪγüأɻʵ
һѯʣǸеܳˣǼҵˣĶﶼ֮һСĲơ˴ˣ
Ķһۣ΢ЦĵͷȻũﱻٿܱ
ߣȥߴٵȻԼûСӣׯʮ꣬һׯѣûɲ
Ƭ̺˾̾ĿƬ֮һء
ԭӦũȴһƬﻮ˼ȦԲǷ紵ġ
һݣģȴЦһҲ¶˼ı顣
ҿصԲΪģжûΣпදһİС˵
֮ȥ̽һ£ûµķ֡Ը
ٻũ·ȶԣͬѹأҲûзκνӡ
йâ˸ƺʲôȴֲȷϡ
ҵѾϸˣȷʵΪӦĳΪǸСߺܿ϶˵
ô𣿡ͻߣȴϻôߡ
Ͳ֪ˡ࣬;޴л˼꣬ǧľߣ˵޳Σӵк绽֮ܣ֮ΪޡԣȷʵпΪЦ
ѵжͯʧٰϵǶڴ˵أ300ѰһпܵѰҵۼֵ·ȥ·ˣߡܣѸ´
жͯʧٵׯʱЩׯһͰ͵ʱһѱһᣬŪҲġ
ǼСôʧٵģѵûдͬ𣿡ϵʵ
ˣҼҰܸȢϱԷӲãҺСӱ˯ţҹҾͷֶӲˡ˿ɥش
ŶֻСԴˡȵ
˵Ŭڲ鵽һЩرǵöƬ֮
һöڵƬÿһƬаƴСǳ̡
ȡһƬۣ˫ָһƬȴ˿д󾪣Ҫ֪Լ弶ߣ˫ָҲмǧȻССƬ󲻴Ƭ˸жôȫ֪
ҲɫƬСҪ޾ߴСƺѡ
λƬѰȫҲ޷飬һǴͷڣҸһȥ峤ɣȻ


17 
סһƬϸĴţƺ˼ĺһоȻŨɱ⡣
ѵʦ֪ƬԣʦߣʶƬҲΪ档룬ȴװ֪ĵϸ
£˽ƬƬʱӶֱˣ˵ȻһֻĺɾޣǺã
˷׷׾ĪޣǿȾżߵǿʵׯԣûпսʤޡ
һĪչʱĿڵǲغ£ֻûôֶֻܽԸ
һ㶣תȻĵһֱǸգͽʮܹΪеһǸְɣֻЩһֱʵ
ˣܹԸǺȻ֮á
죬ڴ峤£ׯȫԱǧʼȫѰҺ˿
ôһȻڴȻ»ۼ
ƻ֮ǰµĻλѾڴλƹĵϡ
ҹĻʱׯһѲҹ˵һѶ
ʦͽˣдйǱ˴
ңʵ¹ׯ
ҹĿ¡
ׯе˶֣ڷв˯
ֹЩ񣬾ЩҲһ񲻰ϾҪԸĲˣǴ˵еޡ
ʱĺĵĵȴš
ͻȻһмžֵĽҵĺӡ
ҡһ
ж峤һ£Ӱ˲䳯Զȥ
ʱȻһĻˣٶȴ죬ֻǰһı㲻֪ȥ
ǰɣʦôҿٶȿ˺ö౶ƵĽе
˸ϵʱԶһҰ޷ŭĺ
޵ĺߡͷ񱼡
ΧĻѵԽˣ޳˵Ϣһеׯ񶼾Żѱ˷䡣
Զ㿴һϤɫӰ߲
ɫӰʦģȵ˲Զĺϲ£죬޹Ȼһͷߣߵֱжף޴ʮɡ
ʱһ־ٽھͣ¡
Ǿƺŭˣһžͷ߸ߵһ¥ôߡ
ɫľͷϣһ˫ɫ۾򻹴˲٣˫۾׹⡣
˶Դ˿зŶӣ͵ĺ
ҵϵ۰ôߣδŰɵˣߵӴѾ֪޵N
Ƕ㣬Զ㡣ɫ˵
ƹϿȥ֯ǳ롣
Ĺһɵˣǰľߣþ÷ղŻڣȫˡ
Ȼǵ޾ľׯʲôȻѡǶȥˣһоͿԽɱҾսɣƵ˵
Ը˭ҲûɵǰĵزһľžߣͬˣɲΪ弶ߵʵܹǰƷ޴ߡ
ȴ˿壬ȵվɢͬսһ㣬ͷҲֻģΧһȺ࣬ȴǸûϡ
󣬾Ȼ࣬ĺȵг˾ܵĺȻ
𣡡ľֻǵͺҡҡ˶Դƺǳ
䣬ǣǾͻȻ޿һţһźӰ³ȴǼͯģʬ塣
ĴŭĶסͷΪȴѹ޾ͷ쭳ȥˡ
𣡡
ŭˣ͵һͷ˶ԴͻȻǰʮɣ޿ڳȥ
ߣҲˣһ⣬ལź⣬ðâ
߽Ǿżߵʵ۾𾪵˵
żʵǴ˵ӵдͨĸ֣ڳĹסˣ˭Ҳû뵽ĵʵȻǿز
ԸճΧĴ񣬴ʱĻͨһŵĹڵء
ҵ찡õûӦĻȪ֮ս縰ȪˡԺ²ѡ
䣡ལ̵ߵıðĻ𻨡
ŭһ͵ĸ߸Ծܡ
һ˿βͻȻһŰеľȥ
еĺη壬ལһƬʽâ峯һԵȥ
䣡βһȻûѪȴԽԡ
ǿ󣬵ȻҵĶ֣Ҫ̳ǿҵΪ˼꣬ս׳ΪޣȻҲвǻۡ


18 
ŭһתȻԭתһȦβĺХ
˫Ĺǵʯ⣬ҹ˺ѿ˫ʽ
һһ˫һ
ĵͶ޾˵ͬϣھĹ£Ե᧿Σ
ǾȴĺܣսڣԼûռһ˿ˣԷٶȲԼ֮£еԼʮལȻȴʹҪ
𣡡ˣȫļɲıһͨ۸
һӴԾϴսĹǲɷ׷˺ʮɣܹԻѹ
ʦСģĵ޾Ҳ˰Ѻ
ͣĴͷҲ׷׺
Ľü΢壬ˣԼʽΪΣǿʵ·Ϊˡ
˿ôļ쭺ľٶ˲ֹһż۷ʵҲֻжܵķˣϾеལ޷ɱԷвȴ൱
վ޷ˣĺܹܲƾɱ˰ɣаա
ĵ΢΢һһ̽ͻȻ֡
סˣľȻƾ˿УǱ̽ðĹʡ
ߣʱޱȡ
ͨ飬Դӽ׳һ޺󣬾ȻҲǿĴڣǿ࣬رϲɱ¾͵ȼޡ
ɣɴ飬ĽĿŸڰеġ
Ǿˣһľš
ߣ󣬽ڡվڿߵ
ǿɱһ˲̽ϣĿ߶䣬̽âǡ
˶ͷ­ȥ־֮⣬ŵĽ䱸ŶԷĹ
ɫСͻȻѳĵ֣ڿУⱻâ֡
ȥһȡ
СͻȻ䳯ž£սͻȻһȦβСȥ
䣡
һը̽Сȴľˣβ˲ۿɺѪȾ˵档
໣
ʹɽǸոսһ޵ľԳܵģһӴʹɵ
ɫСغһηǷͷ­

Ӳľͷ­Ҳܲ˷ɽײһ޴Ľɼ⡣
ڷɽǰʲôƬһ綹ƾи
ĺˣûһʼӣľˣû뵽ƫƧ֮ҲߵĴڡ
ʵȻʵģȻͷβңڣǣȴΪ׷ɱԣСׯ
ķЩϲԽϾǰΣҲֳֻǿܹɱׯеİȫܹԱ֤
һ̱˺ķ飬ԭΪⱲӵ츳ܺãܹﵽ弶ѾǺţƵˣȴû뵽ʦʵѾǿֵزʦ¸޷һ֮ɣ
ʧ֮࣬ҲңʦôԼǺôڻ
ʮ֮󣬾ѾǸðѪѪˣż̵Ƭڷˡ
Ҳи߳ǻ۵ģԷĹСдϲ
Сģ
ԭе㲻֧Ϊ˽ʡĸոƮ䣬ȴǾŹվĵطȥ
ЩǣʹˣҲգһƤǣҲڣǾȫͬˡҪ֪ŸƻҪһšԼҲ뿴ɱ
һҽдЩӵĻᶼûУεľٽֵ
һ˲䣬̳˶һβˡ
ļٴμ̽ʢ֮ǰʱǿ˲ֹһ
ھһ˲㿪ʼӣǣٶȣȴ̫ࡣ
ǿϵʹβֱӽȻһĳׯѭӡ
ĴŭôҲû뵽Ȼ˽ƻ˿ı
ɽͣ˿УһɽͻὫɵƣֱıףȴ޿κΣֻѹסŭ뵣ǣžķ׷ȥ
һһˣӽһٶȡ
ĺڼˣŲȱ̵ķɽֱ˿գž׷
Уٶȿ쵽˼ޣһƹ˼ׯԶɽжȥ
Ҵ壬ɵɵűҧϵȣһԲΧȫǲҽ֮ҴĹ˲أʧȥһ֡
ڵĳӶˣΪԾҲºˣзҲҵġ
ھķУֻܵ¡
屻ģǳѣǾƣֻͱˡ
ɽɽǧǸɽ֮һ
һ·׷ɽУиӽɽգǾɽҰޣϤΣٶȸ졣
һ׷Ǵҹֱ˺⡣


19 
Ͼ޾ϳܹշУǶԵεϤ޾֮¡
ƾεϤضӣѸٵһɽУβһ˦Ѿ־С
һоһСĺɫ޾ȵĲĲӡ
صڳʪĶѨУǾҵײκ˹ǣԺмǰʱһ˹ȥ
һͺһſ޿ڱ׼ʳ
ܵĶд󺧡
ʮ꣬ѵҪɥڴڲҲб
侲һҪ侲ܹڣʦѰһɱңȻ룬лףԵ޾Ҳߣδػʦ
ͻȻ嵲ס˺жһ͵͵ں߽
һвʵĵͷʱ޾ȴͻȻĴܳȥ
ڿɽ׷˾ŭѡ
ƾ߹˵ʶҲ׷Ѱصɽ׼ǰ̽ʱͻȻһҰ޵ĺϿϲ
ͷ޾̲סг
Ӵˣͷŭ
һβ;ŵӰɱʢ°ϵĺ붼Ĳͣ
Ǿƺ֪ĻĻû֮ʣವһԶȥӱ߻ͷƺǹġ
ҪʬΣŭ׷ɱȥ
ûĸβͺݺݵİڶţܵٶȸˡ
ǰɽͻȻǾûɱԼȻͳΪСζˡ
̰ĶȻֲ̰Υ
жֻ̳һȦԼаϲѾ˼֮
һܸɽϻвٸɲݣ˵ͨһĻѡ
С׼ƶɸһǺͷ­һʱģ
ģߣǴʱܹӳȥǸ߻ˣ֮ءŭ
ƴˡеȻĪϱӵ湻ߵġ
θ߸Ծͬʱذס
Ǻ龰ĵĿһۣȫ
ɱڴһ
ۺˣܹǲ롣
ƺҲȤͷ𣬳ȥ
ɵĶ㿪˺Ĺذ׻Ϊâߴ֮
βһݺݵĳ
ô죡
󺧣Ķ㿪˺Ĺ
ãֻʵȸղֻ˺ܶ౶弶ߵʵûʸս룬˼֮
һĹ⣬ǰսԼ࣬аЦ
ȻĸҪҿֲóҾͺúŰɣ֪ҵֻǾĺӣ൱ʮĺͯս͵֡
һһھ޴ɽۿս
ʵȻǶӽ˼ߵĺ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ڴסһᣬذ׺ݺݵĲ˺ĸ֮


20 
ͣٶȸ죬޴Ťţһûлкĸǲ˺Ƭϡ
Сʹ֮£޴βѾɨ˹ûʱܣһݣȫעذϣݺݵ²ȥ
䣡ľβ˳ɣͬߵķݰɳ
һѪ˿УĵĿǺƵ˼㣬ղŵĹȻСߵƬûл
һѾ飬Ψֽˣʱɴ鿴ɵڵϵ
۰ֻùͷƺɢˣĺǿ¾ͱ߸裬ˡ
弶ߣղһǿȴҲͷۻѪڡ
ţƼӱĵĿ﷢͵ĳЦ
ڵƬ̣ǺжʼСĺˣǺȴһֻؽ˶ڡ
ʲô𣿡
һһ鷢Ľ
ôӣҲΰɣ
ӹ٣ҿɾͷˡɵĽɫĽŽ˻С
򲻹ȥҲֻͽ͵νʶʱΪܡ
ʦһҵģ뵽ŶѨȥ
߶ܴ󣬿Լʮɣǧˡ
򲻹ǺԿʼȥ̽еĽƱ
ԽߣҲԽ谵ŻƵĹߣ˵ɢӣһЩƾɵĿ׵ƷԽߣϵĽԽࡣ
һѡڲƱʮ꣬ԼԽ̰ˡ
ץЩӣͻȻһӲĽ
ǰɣôܣ
оֲĽУսһȻһǹ
⵽ʲôطΪλǹѵһڵ𣿡
д󾪣Ҳǹ֡
˼ʵĻҲȻ˻ܹͶ̥תߣ޴ɽڵϼֵܳľ޴ߣɵߣôֵҶܹܣôǹΪβɣ
뵽ͻȻӿǿҵ˳ǹضڣǺǽţֻ΢̧ƤòֻҪֻҪ߳ڣʲô
ԼĲرĲرôڣʱˣԼ֮ȻɽС
ҲͣԲĵЦ
Ŷ⴫Ĺߣǹĳǰ
ǵе
ֱǹеȻİο滹дż֣ǹ
ǹβдй졣
ˣȻܹϵĲֱǷ˼
жǹ澹Ȼװӵ
̲סЦǹź˸׼ơ
˻˻С߰յ۾ͻȻȵĿࡣ
ѾҪˣΪʲô˴ЦѵǸ׳գ뵽
ǹɱƤֲڵߣԲסûпǹ
Ȼǹô᲻ỹиִأ뵽ĳȥ
Сܹ˵һ׳գ
л谵ͳʯһѻ
ҫ£ϾȻ߰İǹ֧
һ£̲ס㵸һϣ
߶һ⡣
Ц˵ϵǹ֧ضǣǹ⣬ǹAKǹѻǹֻǹҲкöࡣ
иеӶû⡣
ǰ˼ףһζУһһƬڣȻ﷢ը
ڶ࣬ҵֻܹСȥ
ֵͲϲҪʲôʲôֵͲǰһ֪ɽжϻɢɢס
˽һʱʱ䣬Ҳûߵͷװ׳̹ˣӦоУһŷš
⣬һǱȽϴ͵ľ⣬ǲ֪ûԭӵ
һңһʱװԼҵ˸˷ܵ


21 
ⵯ񵯣ȵȣһҲٵıС
뿪һ̹˳ȥ̹˰㲻޵еĴڣԸһҲһһƬ
ǹϱһͦѻǹһͦǹһֿŸͻǹʱһӱװ硣
žûлȽСһĺȻϽ롣
ȫװĳںǰʱҲһ˿ȡ
ⶴһֱԼĽأҲҪ֪ϴǳըɽ
ôȥˣһȻ˼⡣
ʵԭܼ򵥡ö߽ȥʶȻɵըߣ;޴һ·ѹȥЩɢײըŽˡ
źѰ˼ŸζԸȶⵯȶ
˵СֻԣҲﵽ˽ʮɣˮͰһ
ȤĶܹúúһΪο԰ȫأʲôؾ
콥ˣҲ֪֪Լ޾ߺ󣬵׼ʲô
ȶɣǺסˣҾͳûܡ
ڻǹӵܷ͸ҲûкܴգȽߴˡ
ɴ۾жԴʱŤŤȥƺ˼
ͬʱð̵̣졣
Խȣ֪ڵʲôֱֻϸܵһ˿в
֣ͼ߳һʱĸҲˡ롣
Ӻ󣬺ԽŨˣɽڣʹı۾ҲǺˣһʱ֮ʧȥ˶ĸ֪Կơ
ٸⵯЦӳⵯ
ոǿ۾۲ȴͻȻһǿҵİ׹ι۾ʱޱȴʹ
𣡡۲ܿǲᣬƾоڵȥ
»ǲŽɵӣںǰѾһԡ
Ѿӳ˶⣬дˬȥͻȻ뵽һ⣺ǴǻۼߣȻԼвʦƺҲвǻۣŹʱҵļô졣Уնݳɱھҵ⡣
һȴ飬ԲĴǾ˵ɫľʱһҪ顣ȥڷ£ĿʹеѾǳŨˣǺ˵ζˣǶܡ
ֻܹ֮һҪ־͹ӣģȥɣеͻǹź
¡¡ľ촫ʹѣǻӵˣҲѪɽ
ӵɲȷɽɽȻȴҪά֣ӵһӿ롣ڴ͸ϻɽϣӵǸʤһ
þûôʹеˣһʹ50ӵȫûϵƤӵȴǿǿƵĹߵ塣
кˣûɱǵףȻûȴѾȥԶˡ
ĸҲΪұġп
ûţһʼ׼Դ𣬷ŭӵӿ
һԴصҵڵϡ
նݲ紵ҲʬԴǹ
ѾѪǣǺѾĲܹˡ
ĵͷ˵ز˾Ǳ޾֣ҲһĹʮΪϼƣ
ɽɽգѵ߳ŷ֣ھȻ´
⣬ֻ˲Ѿ˾ͷ·Ƕ͵¡
ֶһʯͷӺһ죬ҲһǸղߵĿһҪ¡
ͷһղŵĶѾѷֻ֣ΪɽſڲҶڸڣϸѰң뵽˾޴ɽ
ˣȥЩ⡣
ķһڳ˼
Щ׳ҳĲ񻰡ÿ׵ĳȣһѾǧ֮ˡ
Щ˩һž޴ʯͷϣ˳ʼ
ʱŰȫĽ䵽档
ҹʱ֣ɽоĵģֻҰ޷˻УΪ̡
һģģĿܱߵյ¹⣬ȷ˻ؼҵķ
Ѿַ죬Ѿ쵽ҹˣûһ˿˯⣬һ˼ãһĬ
ǰĴ򶷣ĴɱǱ
ʤȯ֮ʣͷͻȻϮׯĹһٽһߣ׷˹ȥ
һһҹȥˣȴްϢ
޾жôǿҲ֪ǣЩ˲صӣ޾̶ȲԶ


22 
ʵǿǰȥӭѾʼΪﱸˡ
һ·ײײ˴ҹڿׯһ̣龹ȻԵ˷ܡ
үүˡһߺ쳹ҹա
ҷˡ
Ŀ֮£ȴһŹֵĴ磬ϱŸֵİϻһһһ·ãѪ߰ߣԶܹŵŨҵѪζ
ӣͺãһѱסӶ˽ӵһ
΢ЦĿˣѣһΣЩԼѻ
࣬źۣʦĸҲڣ΢Цſˡ
ʦأƽʵ
ҡҡͷ½Լӽɽ˵һ飬Ȼֻ˵СߣԼɱСӳ죬һȥ
󣬲żο˴һΪĵʵ
ɢȥһڷɵЦЩִ绹Ǻߣʦߣûǿһǹ㶨
һʧķˡ
ϰ߲ѪǰһڴѪãѪѾ̣۱ҧϣҪңжҡ
ˡĲɢ߱߶ţһʹ֮ɫ
ˣҴҲñˣٳ찡Ϊʲôҡ
ۼĴģ˷ܵĽе
һԲ̤Ϸɽҷȥ
ҵļҶϲĴк
ĺʹ֪࣬ļˣһ̾󣬻˽ȥ
һ۱ӭ
ˣ̫ˡ¶ĵģмЦݡ
⣬ҡֹΣ֪θ顣
ĸ첲ôˡΪǼһ۱㿴ƣʹ
ҵ˲£ңʵڲ˼ûһ˵ʵ顣
ûϵûϵͺˡЦ
˼ķӦȴû뵽˵ûϵһЦݡ
ѵѶɵˣʧķ衣ĵɴ۾
ˡҲЦӭ˳ĲʦҲҵĶˣ
ûһı̾
˾ͺáҲ˵İ˼Ļ
⣬Ƕˣץ
ˡĴһͼ֮һ㡣
ȴ룬ͬʱЦ
ʦʲôʱˡͻȻˣһĵƣʹ
ͬƵĴסˣűǿϲСӹȻû̫ˡ
ļĵֱסпϲŷԭԼ㼱ˡ
ʦһüˣףʦֱۣҵĴ֪ΪԼ˵ġ
û¾ͺá˵һֱۣʦҲֵðľȻһɨƣĴЦ
ļ򵥵һ仰һַڸĸмӿļ䡣
ʦãһúñ˼ҵġһȻ˵
ǵ䣬İɣЦ
лѡЦˬʡ
ԭǰΪ˾һ·׷ǾһֱɽǾȴӵһͷ޾ĵ̴
һ˶ŷڽһݡǰ׽ľûôˣĵʱĵ߰˰ˣӲƴɱͷ
գĵóԸɹɱһֱȴľˡ
ϣĽǾʬȷʵ丹ҳûĺͯʬ壬ȴû
߽ӵյĽһ⽴εĻ
ԭһ龪һһֱ㱻ɱȴӳ죬֪ˣҾͲöϵһ۵³ˡĿЦ
ʦҶԲ㣡
ĵĶϱۣޱȳأһʧȥһֱۼĴǰȴƺȫԼİΣǷֿĸġ
ȻΪͽԼĿĵģҲ⣬ԸΪʦսԸΪʦǰ·ôѡзġ
ǿһ㡣ûɥɶһֱ۶ѣû˾ûˣֻҪҺúûţú䣬ΪʦοˡۿҲʪˣȷʵǷĵģⷴвΪ֮ǰΪͽҲ˽ġ
֮ĬĬȴмġ
һʦʧģ̇ͷзâ˵
ͶˣĵͽܡСӣΪʦʧȥһֱ۾ûˣڿԺʦУ֪ʲôоʵֹ۵Ц
ǰɣһֻֻôĵҪ£Ƶķ֣ȻǿľԹĹ£һҲŲס


23 
ʦɣ
º̲סڶ˵
ֹźҲ۰Ͱ͵ġ
ɣǿǴ˵е飬ֻΪƫƧĵطĪ˵ߣ7ϵҲԣ֪ߵʵ󣬷׷׶Ĳѡ
Ȼûн̵ɣȴ˽ߵĹ¡ԭǿ߼ޣǾżߵļޡ߶ԣż߸һɽ֣ƾ书ߣһᱻ˲ɱżͨһ׷ļ޵ĻôȴżҲļޡ˵Ե
磬˵ձȵҪĶ࣬ƽﵽ100꣬ϰ֮ˣǳ٣ڵ弶ߣɱٿԻ120꣬˵ﵽżߣԻ150ϣܶ඼ܹ200ꡣ
ԽǿԽĶɡ
ߣıǻ150꣬Ͽȴˣ˵Ϊǿĺô
֮£Ժ˵Ҳǣʱδ˽ΪһɣԷݵأ书㲻ҪˡʵΪʦͬڻ޷⣬ǣ֮·ǾͻˡЦ
ͬʱ¶ʧɫ
ׯȷʵϸ֣ǣΪԼôǱǾ֮ˡǾ仰ˣ졣ôģ˶İһֱǱУ֪ȴǾݹƫƧĵطҲ߳طȴʶˡ˴ӣߣСɽһ޴ĳǳأγǣ˲һͬǰȥֻǣһ·Ͽ϶̫ƽһҪСġҸǶֻҪܹɣұ֮ļ˵
ͬʱһһ˿ɫʮˣԼȴжô󶼲֪һӣȷʵóȥˡ
һ񣬴ǰγǣȫҪŬĽγ֮λ£һͳγǣڶ񣬴һоǵˡ˵
˶γǲ˽⣬Ҳɫ׷׵ͷ
ǧС񣬾ڵʵҪҲ򵥡Ŭһ㣬ʮ֮ϣɵһ񡣡ƽ˵
ʮһ񣿡
ȴԸ˵
ڶʵ̫һҲ޷ɡȻҶģʣµľͿԼȥŬˡصЦ
һͳһǣڶǴһˣʦʲôأѵΪڴʵз
ݸһЦĿУǰҲСкһĹǣһһš
źƵһԲԴӱܺź֪˵ĲǾ޴ģʼеʱͶ뵽ѧоУٶȽ
պǾͳһе齻ǣΪʦĻƽ˵
۾˵ߣ˵ʵΪߣҲ֪Ƿ߱ڣҵ֪ʲôֻһλǰ˵ûһ취Ǿ书ﵽż۷ļ£Ȼ޳ԻпܱΪԡҵʮﵽѧĶ壬ˣ츳һҪãֻҪ裬һĴﵽѧ塣Ҳ֪֮ˣʵԽǿҲӦӣֻҪǴﵽѧ壬Ӧûᳬ꣬Ҳаʱȥ֮
ĵ뿪κι˼ɣڣֻҪҲԱ֤˵İȫȻļ˵˼֤
ʹõĴö԰ǵƷΣʱԾһҽǣǱΪ֮ɣסʮ֮ڣʱǷ۵ʵһҪһˣΪʦׯǡҲ᲻õ˼
ֻʮʱ䣬ɵ磬ǿǰû񣬼סʲô£ʮ֮һҪһˣҲİ
ļ뿪ҡ
ĺͻȻؼ˵û뵽ȫĴ֧֡
ӣ־ķССͱգׯչݲģЩΪˣ棬ȥɣǣǣʦڣһһܰȫġˡ
ǱңһúչԼģʮ֮ڣһġȭͷı֤
պ˱ʰң뿪ׯ
ׯ֮⣬ΧҲǴӣȴֻԵγǣֻΪׯ涼Ǳɽơããǧɽɽ²֪жٸׯ֪жˡ


24 
ĵǣ˴ƽ׵Ŀռ䣬װһЩҩǺʵõģĵĳš
⣬˶ǵһγԶţׯź󣬾¶һ˿ãȻ֮ɫ
磬ȵҡţ֪ʱ׷˹
ٺ٣㻹û£Ц
Щ죬ţһδԣÿαԣʵǿһȴŰսҲˣ˵Ĺϵ׽
ôõ飬Ҳң̫˰ɣţŴЦ
źһ˿ã˵ȻлҪ˵ˡ˵꣬ͷҲصˡ
Цû취ź۵ìǲ׻ģԼһȻԽԽ
ţϻ˵Ǳ߱˵ɣ£Ҳǰȥ
̫ˡھǷʦʱһȥǧ磬ˬţ˷ܼˡ
˽·ϣʱ·˲Ŀ
˵Ͽ֣ţ׳ţ߳һ׾ţʮȴֻһһĸͷһԵҲһߡƫƫڶм䣬ߵľ޴ҲƲѣȴ޿κΣԼ̫ǶԷ̫ߡ
һ·һ죬ȴȻûзź۵ӰǲԸͬС
磬ǸʦֵôûǰţڻҪ𣿡ţʵ
೤̾һоöź̫ƽˣôҲǶͬţһɢˣôöʦ
̾ţٺһЦҲ֪˾ô£
㣬ˡҪ꣬ҲסҪˣȥɣǿһ𣬷Ťźۻչ˺ԼġҲǰο
ٲ죬ɽˮǰУ£ΧһׯӣŸп֮󣬾ôطʹ޷ݡ
쵽һׯƺׯϲ٣Ŵׯ˽һ˿֮
ׯȻɶߵΧǽǽȫʯͷѻɣǼ̣ԶԺǽ֮Ӱ㿣ȻһĹ֡
ףͷô֣Ūǿһ㡣ţ̾
ϻҰ¶ްɣе֡ü΢塣
ԶܹܵһƬɱ֮ǻǿ뿪ɣ˵һʡ
ţһ֧ڵط
ٶ죬ӵ弶ߵʵţ˿вţŲƣһֽץС
ƽ޹ʵ⵽жЩ΢ţƢ֮ŭӰ֮ˡ
ףȻûСԺǽϴһ̾ΪߣˣȻķǳ
޳ܵСˣȻҰţүСӻˣţŽ
˫ֻżʮɵľ룬ˣţĽױ㴫Ժǽ֮ϡ
ಣƿ֮ڶԺǽ֮ͻȻðʮӰһ仰˵乭䡣
ʮ֧䣬Ʒǳƴ˼ˣ׷ײǰϡ
ţıףӣһȺ޳ܵļˡ
ţˣαЩһʶأȻӭǣ߰ɣƽ˵
ǰţԶ㣬Ҳ޿κΡҲЦ
ţ˶һۣŭǲƽϣҿ̲ڶҷɱЩ˲ɡ
ţһȻԾ֮⣬ʮɵľڻ£ţɱԺǽ
ӿЦţȴǸܲð֮ˣһ·ϣ֪ˡһ˶ӣţҪεɱˡ
ǺǣȥɣƽϢŭǲһߵġԽԽ˽ţԸ
£Ȼܹ¶ãóʱҪֵģҲֹţԭ
ţԾ˵ٶԺǽЩƺȫû뵽Էôһ˲˾ʧĽ
յǣţүүүүҪǵĹ
ţһŭȣЩ֡
һҽдţֿɲ飬绢Ⱥ˫ȭйŭ
һԺǽ֮ѾɵһƬżʮɱ㴫ţĿЦ
ţһƿһ֧ɫţ
ţЦȥץֱʱɫ䡣
Ȼûץס֮ϵֹǧţһʱסˡ
ףһ̾ȴһĿ׾˷
ǺӣΪ˽ҿ壿ɲ֪𣿡˺ȵ
ţ۾һᣬˣȻԷʵԼ֮£뵽ˣţһ׳үүǿôүүɱЩأ
ˣɫһ䣬ŭȵ
ţҲһŭ𣬳˷ȥ
ţôôӵǽˡеƵ˵
ԭΪţȥ˼˾ͻû뵽Ȼһ˳˴ӡ


25 
Ҵ壬Ҳ޻ȸ֣ʦֳ֣忴Ҳȥ
дִû׼ʹԶǷ֮ء
һȻĿ⣬ϾȻ곤꣬ȴ޽飬οҲлԼʱѾеĿɽ
Ǻǣ㣬ģţ书ӦûʲôΣգǾɣЦŰο
أׯ洫˵ĺɱ
ǽһӰˣţʱţԵǱһԾ֮񱼡
Ӱ
ֵܣԲסˣͱ¨ˣû뵽ӵôǿţ
ɫ΢䣬ȴȻһվԭء
ԭҲ׼һʱ˵ģľ飬һɺӿֳֻ׷ͣסˡ
վסȡ
ԭ׷ţȴһȣ׷ͣסΣŭ
¸£·㲻ߣͶôƯС椣þûˣ֪ζΡһ̵Ц
Ǹçͱ׷ˣС椾ʧɣ֮ǰţս꺺ҲЦ
˭ΪһȴûЦǶ
˵ĻҲɱֻһͨ·ˣ·˵أǾֵܲŴɱȥ
ߣǳţ»ϸƤС椣үŵ˰ɣ¸£̺Ц
ɵɫǣҧгݵĺߵ
㣬£ڴˣЩѰ·ˣ֪ôҪĴ۵ġ
ͻȻúָоܹİˣֺԼܴүǣ
̴ŭҪεϣֻΪ˵Ļļûˡ
㵽˭ֱǸסеĳ嶯ס˺󿪿ʵ
˭ҪҪ̫ˣź⡣
ϣʲô˼һСƨǣ㻹ʸʲôɴɱ˾ǣƵĽеȴû뿪ࡣ
ߣôҲĲˣҳȵ㣬˵߽ѵȴ⵶û취Ͼǿŵҡ
Ҫåŭˣ
¸£үҾåһᣬ㻹ùԹźåӣû׼Ǹģү治һҲûΪ󵨡
յݺݵĵǵһۡ
Цˣһׯ֮˵ʵȫåʹɱǣҲһüë
ҸǶһǸĻᣬҷ˵ǸҾͷһ·ȻǾҪĴۡ΢Ц˵Цȴɵĺ⡣
СӣϷһ꣬ûŵɵСӣǿЦͻȻЦ˸Цվֱ
ˢĳ䳤Ҫ֪һʵߣһܵ裬ȻҪеĽѩܡ
ʱţƵ˻Ǻο࣬ǵĵ̣£Ѱ·𣿡
˵ȴҲ룬ղŵҲԼֳģץҲûʲô
ߣ
Ƥ湻ģ
ͬʱĵĿţ
ׯǽͻȻһ죬¡У¶һֱ׵Ĵ󶴳Ȼδ˳
ѵţд󾪣һׯûôģһǼ
ߣ֪ߵغСǣѵ֪ҿŵĵ𣿡ߴЦˣԷרҲ磬·ġ
ԶЦЦ˻õ涼ڶ
ţˣû뵽Ȼײ˿ţ֪ǾԲǰµġŶԿǾǷǳǵΪ
ߣΣȻˣ졣Ц
ĿʲôǾʶֽսߣв¾
˼ȻܹţȻмʵǵս϶ԼʵĽа
ͷˣ㣬ɸһսȻڶ̹ȻЦ
һ㶣ͷӦʣϳһ˿ŹֵЦ⣬ǰ֮Ǹ̥꣬ҲԼ
ҪǵҾͲˡţ̾
һֶûУһԶ˷׷Ц˿
ǰޱĿŻߣ߶ԣϸûԵøǹ졣
ף㲻ñ΢΢ȵ
ͶñȻܹ̫۸㣬˵۸һͷ˵Ȼ˵ȻС
֪ߵغȥɣ
һ壬һ˫ƻΪӡɫĺâͷ¡


26 
ĺá
η壬˫ȭҲһӣϷӰȥ
ҲǸھ֡
²죬˼֮ġ
ܹڼҹ֮ˣʵ಻ͣرܹâ壬Ҳļϵʵԣ׶ԷΪ˿
Կ죬˲㶷һš
һ֣е֮ټֻ֣һ֣֪Էʵ쳣ǿ
̺ǰ溺Ӷһ˿֮ɫû뵽ԷȻڻв·硣
ʹΪͨĺڻȭȭȻͨȭǿÿһȭǧĺХ֮
ߴʧɫӲ˼ƣȻƴʹ˵ԷĹԼ֮ϡ
΢΢ǣһȭһȭĹȥ˫ȭȫâǣÿһȭĶԷ΢΢ȭ󣬻ڲӲˣ߶ܡ
ͷ֪ǵ˰ɣţЦһ֪ǻ߲Ķ֡
Ҳ΢΢¶˵Цݣһŵʱ
߶һȭ͵һֳ󳤽
ͣסˣ΢ЦĿȡ
ճģһһ㳯ȥ
㣬ܿ˶Էķâһ˫ȭͷϵǺأֱȥԷĽ⡣
䣡
߼û뵽Էһ˫ȭͷȻֱ볤âײ´󺧡
ȫȻܻξȣͻȻȭΪƣϡ

߾һһ佣ؿڡ
Ȼ˫ָӲԷλȴԷһ֮Цһ˫ֻӰ˶ԷĽ⡣
ߴһʤ֮ǰ
ˣССͣôȻȻϳˣɷͬСɡ
о溺Ҳһ𾪣Сӿ¹ڻ֮ϣȻ弶ϵʵ
ΧסˣһĽζͣ۷׷ס
ţ֪߲Ķ̧֣ۿ˿Χļе㵣ǣţȻû˵ǿսϴѪɱҲǳǿ
֮ͽʵ£µһȺƥ֮ЩХȥսǷǳǿġ
⣬ǳǳ𣬸ڵģֻж³ҪôţҪôҪŵײ׷ɱ
ǰЩҲʵϣţܹһа٣ǰȴǶԷЩʵǿ˼֡
ˣֲҲ⼸ĶְɣţѰ˼š
ԽԽȻԼΪҲ޷ռðƣʱһԷƸʤأԽԽ
ϸŶԷĽϲȷʵǷٶӦе
ٺ٣׬һ׽аϲйĿ֮ܣԷһ׽Ѿмס߰˰ˣֻҪԼԼϰʱԼĽ
߾սʤиԷʽͻȻԽҡ
׼սʱͻȻһֵǣһϣӣŮĸһ׽
ǣϡͬʱ˵ƾˡ
ããĽޣԭΪԷԼӮû뵽ȴ޳ܵΧ
ȥɣ
ˣʹƽǿʵһȭֱֱĺߡ
ȭâ֮ǰٶޱȣ߸ûܣΨӲӡ
ˢ߼ԷͣһؿڣͼԴ˱С
ߴǼѾΧס
ߣһȭһӣӭ˽⡣
ߴ󼱣æľȭסĹ
䣡һҽУʮಽվΡ
һȭӲֻʹޱȣɫֵĿ
׷ɱʱǹͻȻǰ
ʮ׺ݵĹոǿһ˶սʮˣȴҲûæҵĵֵ
ྪ
ȥţѾڶΧסǵУһһ
ɱ죬ӿһ޷ݵŭ
һ׽࣬ţӦòѸܣˣʵһսɣ
Цץһ˳ǹֻһ֮˾ͱϵķڰ֮С
ɱϱӾɱˣⱲֵǮ磬ûܣɱ¾Ȼ
ǹУÿһǹܹɱһЩ飬ֱҪ
ǹԶһرǿֻҪܹʹȥǹҶһˡ
Ѫɽеɱ⡣
ɱһɱɱҲɱߣ
ϱ˪ָǺħЩΧп־塣
ÿһԾǼɸߣÿһǹ£мҵ


27 
߾ֵң̲ס˼䣬Ҳ֪˵˼ʲôǼɫµп񱼶ȥ
£ȻҲ˵ж˵ע⣬һߣʼ֯ǵΧ
вĶԷжǿʹܹɱ⼸ΣſɲǳصģһӵĴţοлʮսÿһǸ֣Ͻʮսеڰˡ
С椣ǲ֪ϹΣҿǰСҲ㲻ġǱ𷴿ˣԹԶ˴үɣбߴЦϷԷ
иһ˿׾ЦݣƾԷȴһ㶼Ϊǲһġ
ˣһȲֻܹү¸£С椣ƨɺ̰ÿпЦ
ΧһȦļʮҲĴЦ
ͻȻһװ֧ĵڵء
едүģŶ
ȫɫԣ书ҲôиǼͣǸСӣɱ˿ôˣȻкùӳԡ
ϴƵɣһϵе
ƵһȺ˴
ţΧкŭʱԷѾ˶ʮˣЩȴȻη
ţеңϵİ类һǹһЩ·ƥ̤Ӱ١
үƴˡ
ţƴĻ裬ЩֵŴʱԽԽţľ޴Ҫһɱһǲܵˡ
ǵĺдŭڿԾͬʱ࣬ȴнһǵвҽһ
벻ҲԻЦ
Χ࣬Ҳ죬ĸࡣ
ʱѾ˼ʮˣʣµЩȻηȴԶеˡ
Цһֱۣڵ𾪵ĲҺУһƬֻòһһɪɪζӿӿ
һ룬ֻһɴԼһΪУԼѪأԭǸ֡
еͷ­صײ˵ϣһ˫۾ĵǰĿ
ͻȻӵһԾһ˿֮飬Ǳɱ⡣
ЩǾ㶵˲䣬ѾԾУһһ
ŷӦҲ˲´Ļ׽׷׹ࡣ
㣬ˡ
һڿзԾÿһԾɡ
ʮסܣóìɱеȴϣǳìһȣԽȥ
ѾԽʮɣߡ
ǰ֮͵ͣڿУԭ䣬ߴŭȴΪļʱ֣ͣסǰ֮ơ
ţɱһɱЩƬײĳЦѪĺ
ţԣһ񣬷һ·ɱ˹
ѾʧС룬ʣµĸľ
֮ԺηΪ׺Ե˻Ầ£˶ڣźηϾŬɱУһܹɱˣȻҲǷޱȡ
ǣø̵ֶɱЩӵиǿʵʱЩȻˡ
磬ڵѾʲôǹˣӦ˵ǹѾһ̬ĸ߶ȡ
ǵˣһɱ̫鷳ˡ
Ƴǹǹͱ⣬ѵ޷
ǧľעڳǹڣǹðź˵ɫǹâ֮׷ױ
ʲôзǹֻܳ˶ദҽȥǵӰĺɨȥ
ǾֵĿӵз˴򷨵ʼսսˡ
Сӣɱô֣ŲŹġ߿
һǹһ˴ҷڵأдʹ죬ʹ찡
ˣ쳷ˣ
֪ʣ޷סԷˣ˱Էɱ⣬޲ô˳ˣͼ㡣
ǰʬ嶼ʰ׷׷һȥЦˣ׷ɱЩƵ
磬ֶΣţЦȴɻƺȫ֪ƣ롣ǣ֪ϱӾѧʦⱲӼ̥Ϳʼ䣬ΪιԴԴˡ
ڵ弸ΪģڵĹĵԽ࣬ͬһʱҲи䵽ڡԼҲô£ֻ֪֮ھ˥ߡ
ֻţһۣԼʹȴƫƫҪԼ硣˴ΣҪǰ嶯Ųɱ䡣
Ż
ྐྵȻʼŻȻѾǵһɱˣһɱôˣ໹Ǿθܣ²졣
㣡ɱ˶ѣûʲôģһ㡣ǶԣЩ๼ǲֵġȰ


28 
׵ġѹܹΪׯһԵ̾
ٺ٣ǣôܹʸȢأȻЦ
ңԶĴׯȴһӰûУЩԺǽϵƺʧˡ
Щôưոݵģʰ£׼뿪ɣ˵
ţͷصѰԼɢİ
ŵЩʬ壬ͻȻżȥʬ屼ȥǻзһЩ
ðɣˣǶߵĲء΢塣
⣬ҵİˣҲѹεӣʵǶԲԼţѧӣʬӡ
ЩˣҲǾǲԼ˵ˣЩӣǲҪǹЩСҪײҪЦ㣬Ͳͷˣȥǣƥһ뿪
һѰȻն˼ӡ
ЦĽս˴УţĪȴһǶԷַ϶̻ԼģǣȫŽ˱ϡ
ѸٳԶĳȥ
úǽսűһɫϷҲԶȥıӰŭСӣҲŹģϵս󣬱ڡ
ԣЦĺа񣬡ţҪסԺҪҲҪˣңûӮģٺ٣
ţսһţ̲סȷ߶µģţҪ߹ս֪Ťͷɱȥ
ô׷ȥûսˣܲҪ˫ȸǵսܰɣҪǿ׷ô찡ţƵ˵
ˣҲֿģкãŹɣЦ
ˣţˣҵսɣ·㿪˰ɣ۾ս
ãţһҲֱӽӹս
ðɣǿˣ˫ܲսģҪҹһɣһɫ΢˵
˵ز˾ҲֻܹˡˣţαСˡһԾԾս
ʲôбˣռ˴˰ɣţʿˮͬһɧĸо
ôˣƯҲŮˣҾԲܹзǷֻ롣ţһսʹ֮£ǰ
㣬㣡аЦ˫Ļϡ
оֻһֻ֪ɫ˺Ρ
ˣݣͺȵ
ս񱼶Źԣǰ˹ȥ˫ֽıסķ
ôˣֻǱţΪʲôһʲôĸоΪôů˼ǧͨͨƽ
ףѵǰ԰ѵǰ֪ԺͬһѵһжƵĲɣţȻȽϳ嶯ȴҲɵϸһ룬еΡ
㵽һ٣㵽ҵˣȻ㵽һڴﵽ๲һĿˣʵֲ̫ˣԶҲҪΪСţ뵽پȻ򣬶Ǻֹһ
ϸ֫ı࣬ĺܽǼѾķ˿ŻŮˣ۾ܵɢζ
ڻֻûͻȻʧˣ̲ס뿿ǸůĻ˫ůĴԼ仺ŲţĴţĸоͬһ㣬Լнš
˼ӲŽԼĺ󱳣ȫԸܵǳյ塣߲ʱĺӲӼ䣬ߴݹָоɥʧ
ҵĶ̲ס
ֻûȻеȣ徹ȻҲ˷Ӧ˫ѾʼֵŲһֻɽ崦ȥһֻ»
ܹҪˣ༱ˣץסֻɽ֡
ڣ㲻ȥģߣ綼ŮˡȻе˵
Ҫ㻹ûȢңҲΪŮˡӵ˵
ˣⲻвϲ㣬ԲŻ㣬Ϲ롣͵˫ѾֻصԭеĵطпɲŻࡣ
㱧ңҪҶ͸оܺáС
ݣͻȻߴսɱս񱼺ϸԵõıס࣬˵սвš
ĺʱ֣˷ŻսٶȣѾԶԶܹǰƣѾŵ˿дľ㣬ɶӹ˹˵Ľ
ս֣ͨׯʯͷ·ϣûеׯſڣȴмѸٵӭ
ǰǺˣԶкǳ


29 
Զļﱼ˹ȴǼֲµʿһ֪Ǵׯ֮ˡ
Ǻǣλ磬ɫ;壬ڹһűЦ˵
̵Σôоμ̨ʣǲϰ߰
ͣ£ˣһ󺺣һ꣬һŮ
ģȻ֣ȴҲǴо¥Ҳ׬ӻ
Ϊ׵ĸߴ˼ǹһԾսɫʧ٣֮Цݣԭֻ·˵λﲻøλһһϺõľƲдλ
ǼׯȥڴׯڴȻиľ¥¥ڷһΣȻвٴڽʳ
Сˡߴе
ˡһᣬСӭ˳
һСЦλ͹٣롣
С˵۾Ϊһ۱㿴˲ͨȻ顣
λǴӿľ¥ֻҪӣԺ֣Ӧоеġȸˣλ¥ðɣߴЦ
¥ͬʱһ㶣ֵʦ˵ľ¥һμľ¥
ˣȥɣţȴʶ¥ͷȥ
һС˽ӹƥһԵȥˡ
˾Ƶ꣬һ¥ʮӣʱѾ˰֮һǴׯǮ֮ˣһЩǹĽʿ
λһ¥ʳ϶¥ż䣿Ȼ¥ż价һ㣬ȻҪһ㡣Сʵ
ȻǶ¥ż䡣ţС˵̺ߵ
΢΢һЦҲѹţ˵СӸշ˱СƣȻƴ֡
˶¥ŷ֣ΧȻһһ¥Ҫǿϲ٣ܱߵ̨ϻʻ
˸λ¡
û뵽¥⼫ãҵλþȻһ
СõľƸ̳õĲ˸ҿţе
ǣ͹٣С¶һ˿ϲɫ
ߣмߴ
ȥȴ˷ģмǵ󸻣һͷ
ţҪȴһֹס
໹ǵһϾ¥Է˿ľϲȾƲζȷʵθڴ󿪡
ڴʱһ֮Ǹɫ·С椣ͷתүүҿ
̧ͷȥȴһ׺ӵںȡߣжķŮӣʱӵұֻŮϸţЩŮӲʱĽЦ
ĶһˣʱҲ§һŮ
֮⣬Ƕվжˡ
һ㶣ȻԷ˵Լŭ
ǳԷЩ֮ˡ
ⱳӰȷʵŮǲ֪ΣС椣ûУٲתͷҿɾͲˡʮ㡣
еƣǹߵ뷨ǵģԵ޹ʵķҪԼĺܷҲɣ
үүϱ𼱣СܲˣǳȥŪС椡Ц
ӣ˵ĺáүүʹ͸㣬Ҳ񫡣ߺ޳ܵ˵
¥һЦñ˿ڵͷôһˣǸ𣿻ׯ棬ׯǿ׳꣡椶ˬ
ǣֵܱ̫ϣ̫ٵүҪǿˡһҲЦ
쵰סڣүүǿŵսϹ˹ˡǳ
΢΢鶯ˣһ˿޵Ц⸡ǣ˭Щ˶ǴѰҲֲԼˡ
һׯǣ˶ŵЦˣһԶһЩŻҲ׵ˡ
ţʵ޿̣Ҫȥʱȴһְס
˼ƽʲôȺȾơЦ
عͷݺݵĵһȦЩˡû뵽үֵȴзŹ⡣
ׯǣˣЦ
ŵǰׯֵͬʱסˣһŵҲˣȴǷǳʵţǿŵͨ˵ڱɫŵϽʲôʵ˿˵ġ
ǰղŵ飬ʵڱǸϵһȻʷǷׯǵϴæƵ˵
ǰСˣߣһɣ϶
ߣүүĻΣүүģֻ·һ˵
ׯд󾪣Ķ϶ԷʤС
һɱˡͻȻ˵ȴĶסıӰ
ǿţֵóаүˡԹԵ̾
ׯǾޱȣԷǿŵ嵱ң˵ҪʱɫŵĲҰףԷֱѸٵı¥ݿڡ
ͬһϣǺɫڴɳһĶ롣


30 
Сģа
û˵꣬ĲҽдׯǸܣ˵ǷˣȻĵڵϣȫǺȻͿĨ˼ѪĶҩ
ͬӥץС˵ʬ¥ݣ󷵻ص
ȫɵˣһŵ˫ȴ׷׳¥¿񱼶ȥ
һգ۵Ĺ¥Ͼʣ¶ˡ
ҲԱˣʱϿˣ˵ʶʱûгûܣܺáСС;ϷһŮӣǶɵСӿɣ
Ȼվһ⣬ɱ˲ӳ¥ĿռͻȻ׹ߡ
ţŭԲɣпҪ棬һѽеľ̳͵ڵϣͬʱϵĴ󿳵һ齫ʱ׼ӭӰεɱˡ
Ҳγ彣ֽ֣ӢˣҲǲ
ǿҵɱѪ񡣡»дԭΪֻͨׯСɫȴû뵽˾ȻʵǿߣƱȸղŵׯǿ

»˫ͬʱƳеĶŮܹľƵˤڵأɫȴֲܣƶ˽
ӣҲˣҲͬƿŮˣ۹ⲻƵĿˡ
˸ܵв԰γ˳Է
Ϸǿʮս»֪λγƺ»еڸղŵΪû뵽ԷͻȻǿҵɱ⡣
һӣеһǹ֣ɫСүҽλֵţδŵϱûʸ֪ˡ
ߣ»ԷԼŭҲڵӿ˳ԼĵϣԷȻôš
Ǽᣬ֪ʦų˭»ǿѹסŭչʵϾԷôʵԷʦųǿ󣬾Ͳȥˡ
ٺ٣ͷ˰ɣƺզŶСү㣬ȥʰšаȵЦеĿƺСơ
󵨣үүǰţһᣬĲ㣬ǵòƤĽȴ̲סˣ򣬺үү˵
㣬ȥɣ
飡
Сİ»
˵꣬ȴѾĵ¡
üĴеҲ졣
ÿİţһֹڳÿ˶ޱȡ
ӣ»ļ٣ȴȥ鿴ʬ壬ΨֶԷٷŰˡ
ٺ٣ζΰ̣ŵʵ
΢ƿ֮һӣϲһɫĹâǷİͬĵڵϣȴʮöϸС롣
ҰСүȥɣԥĶ׼ǶĿ۶˰
»оɫĺ˼ĿŶº޷ʹ൹£ؿѪ˲Ⱦ˵档
ʲô˹죡»ޱ𾪣ŭʵ
ٺ٣ͷ˰ɣСүҺܿȡ㹷ЦĺܹŹ֡
ţ඼ˣҲ֪ǺΰȻ˾޴һ˲ͷŵ˶Էˡ
»ͻȻ˿С
ǹ䣬ȴû뵽»൱ƻȻһתͨһ죬»
ܣûôסһЦ˴⡣
»ȫ亹аң۴ľʹ˿ͣ
磬ˡţһ˿ź
»ǾĻ졣
ջǹгһһ
һڴ̨ϣ׼񱼵»
»Էİ˵ƥļ񱼣ֱܳɺŸһͷ
һͷ»Ǿ֣ԷŸ޴һﰵֱܳɣ»΢ġ
ʹǿҲ޷ɣ»Ȼ
¶аȵЦ⣬׼ƾֱŲæĿ۶˾ѻǹİ
ͬʱԶսһʹĳ˻ֻ»߻ϣսǿĹ£ȷķȥ
ۣ磬İţǴ۽ˡţŵĺϲ£ȫһ쵰
»ʧǵĵͷҲһصļӣһԾɵľ룬ǿҵв£ȫӵٶȱսϼ֡
ŶԷԾƵʣ۾Ϊȷ׼ȷʣʹ׼׼׼ǰʮɡ
ɣǰܰɣִоȻĪļƺϱսɱĳƺصCSϷĳ
ϲþѻǹһǹͷҲϲذ׽ҲϲɳĮ֮ӥԹԵ˵
磬Űӵ̫Զˣţһ
İֻҪӲһҪˣ֮𡣡»ŭ־ӳľ룬ϣǿҡ
׼еĺӰһǴʱϵĿ۶˰


31 
ƵԶ㰲װѻǹӵǿĴ͸
һƬѪ»ͷϴʹ˲ʧȥ֪ԾȻţʴε˵ڵء
һǹͷĵͷ
ţ⼸ϵӷȥͷ˵ѻǹ¥ϷԾ£»ʬ֮ȥ
»ȥӺǾ֣һ˫۾ɵĴģԴȴһ޴Ѫѻӵһ
ߣ·㲻ߣͶԼѰɹֲңϵĲƲҾˡ
ʼ»ʬ壬ֵǣϲûӡ
Ʊ۾һеƱ滹ӡ
ӡƾƱɵݣȡгּƱߣһɱ⡣
ּЦˣҲƱЩׯȴûô壬˵⼸ƱʮƱҲûгֹһš
800ӣҲҼžѻǹӵҪĶҲö࿴ʬһۣתߡ
ư¥ĿѾܵĲӰֻһϰ壬СһʧĶǽǡ
磬ջɲ٣㹻300ӡţЦ˵
ߣ࣬š΢ЦŽƱݸࡣ
ʲôȻƱţȵǰ˰ʱɵˡ
磬ţǮ;ԣҾˣһӸ졣ţЦ
ֻܹ˵ţƤ̫ˣתһ룬ԼҲԼ˸Сܡ
ƹģɨһ£һòˣ̳þƣүҪúףţӸе
¥ϵĺУֺƹսս˶¥żСɨ¥
ճ˷ֳԣӵ
ǣһͷСĳŶǺǡҲӻ
ߣ˵Ƕˣҽ췢˲ƣҪܣǲԲȣһԿŰɣţм˵
ٺ٣ͣǾһҪԣ࣬ղûԱɣڲǵʱ䣬ţЦ
ҲݸЦһһ͵ģٲȻз򳪸ĸо
ׯˣŵսҲˣκһĺ̨Ϣĺܿ죬Ķˣׯǲ𣬴ʱ峤йδ
ˣȴǺ޹˼ɵɱ֮شԴȣڳ⣬ƴƣţȵĲֺ
ģĲŽˬ˷еʱһ
оƽĪʹ׿ն£ȵ˷ܵ鲻Խ
ʫ۾һϲݵá
ףŵţҲǵɴ۾ҡŴԴƺá
ڿЦ磬û˻˵Լǵģ˵Щܳ˵ļʫֻһԶ˾ĿɿڴֻŻ硣
˾㷹ֵƹСźˣ˵¥᷿ס
ҹɫ룬¥һŵשӣһȺĻ֦չŮӴӸԵķ¶ԴĴ֮͡
û뵽ﻹ¥ڣٺ١ţžãŷ͵Ůǣһ˿˺ܾõĻ
λͣͷмµıԺûпסλƹ¶ĵЦ⡣
ﻷԡ㡣΢Цͳ׼͸ƹ
һϾ͵˼ƱɲȱǮҲ£ʹһ¹ӸĽɫ
ӣСĶлˣСĿɲҪסޣѾǵˡ峤ˣλһгסСĶܹǮƹܳ˵
ЦһСүʹͣţүɲˣ򣬺ߺߡ
ƹɫ䣬æӹӣ಻ңңлӡ
㲻ˣȴ˸£һṦׯˣŷɥĿŵĵ»Ҳɱˣ̫ˣ˵Լˡ
ƹ룬ȻźǿʵƹȻͷ󺹣ΨһСĵˣСꡣ
ţһߣȴǱڶ͵˵Ůӡ
ǣȫҳӿˡƹЩŮȴѸŤ֫˹
ǰļŮӷΣһȴװߴӣɦŪˡ
м伸ĸķŮӣһͬЦһкĳЦ⿴Ŷˡ
ֻǰһ⻹ǵһο¥Ůӣû뵽ССׯľ¥¥ŮӵĵҲͣǴƯŮӡ
޼ɵĴЩŮӣһжʮһ𣬴һŨ㣬ֵģݵģߵģģӦоС
ߣ
һߴȴ
ɫԵЩŮӣְνɱЩŮӵĳ嶯ԷǾŮҲͰˣ¥ŮҲԼСԳɺͳ


32 
λӣЩƯĹǿѡʹȫҹҲǿԵġУδµŮӡƹİ˵
ˣˣ࣬ǽȥɣջ޼ɵĿ⣬ǣ֣ͳȥ
ٺ٣ҪҪ椣㣬һݵģߴģ㱾үţ˷ܵĽеҲߣŮ㳯Ժȥ
ƹЦĴŮ뿪˶ƯŮ⣬ԸʱȺԺ֮˵
ס£Ժ֮Ժһ᷿ѡһ䣬һ䣬ʣµǼȻţġ
翴ţĲԾͳԼٺ٣СаһŪҶġ
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οûбףɲϣʮͱһޡ
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ŶŶŶŤ죬ӿٶȣ
үһҪ
УŶӣѾܲˡ
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˵Ȼѡ˱߽ǵķӣҹ˾ǼͶǴ˶С
ߺȻţʲô飬飬ԼҲҪģڵʵ̫Сˣ̣ȴҲòס
Ѿӽ˫ʮ껪Ѿ˿Գ޵䡣
ǱΪŵӣͼˣûĺճҲ޸źˡ
ԹŮ˼֮˵Ȼӵоݣ࣬ǣҲǸŮ
ʱţдеܣȻ˵ܣָоǲˬɫ̣ڴϸ޷ߡ
ҿţ쵰СȻҹȥ㡣ʮĺȵ
ӣǧҪСӿţǿǸպţ򣬼ǵĸׯܼƼ֮ڡȻʵɱˣǼӻСΪ߶ݵ
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ضԷ۵ӣԲϣԼѸȥ־Լ˵ʵֻܹġ
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ʮ꣬ٳԶţ治絽жֱֻϾãӴ
λɽΧׯӣׯӣһ£⣬ΧҲǴͬСׯӡ
ߵĽ⣬ޱȡ
ԭγǾȻǧ֮ңڵشɽƫƧ֮Բûйٱǿļš
ЩŴСһԼĵ̣иׯеҪȡׯ˰ΪеǿеŻԼֵΪ
˴λɽϷλγǹϽΧﲢǸ֮أγûϽСӹǧǲЩ˿Ҳм֮ࡣԭǿŻǿţֻš
ֻǣŵĵȴڸԣøĴӷǳη塣
߱Сδ峤ׯպòڿŵĵ̣ȴǱ߽شߵĴׯȻҲһǿűӻȴȻҵš
֮䣬Ҳϣѵ꣬Ƶͻʱս
ˣ׷ǹʣƨɾͿֱˣǣСδȴڴˣҵţֻ¿Ǩŭ֮£˲ȫ塣
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ţҲкȻ֮ɫرţһ⻰Ӷɳˡ
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ٺ٣ҪǰɣаȵЦʵ
峤һ㶣ͷشȴ̫аˣ϶ʲôµԼ
Уƾ㼸仰Ҫߣ̫Ц˰ɣţˣǴ峤
۴Ц⣬ڴʲôע⣬Ǿ䡣
ٺ٣ҲԸ⣬ֻҵֵܲϡɣ͵·Ѹ̲ɣҲҪ٣һǧӰɣӣ̾ߡ΢Ц˵


33 
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Ǵ峤ԼĶ䣬Ҵɲʲô壬һҲǧ˿ڣһǧӿ̫ˡ
Ϊɷǿߣϴ峤֪⣬Ǿûпˡ
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ЦһһǧӶͨ˵֣һ֮¾Ͳʲôˡ
ûٵģǰʱȥ׼ǾͰӲˣߺߣʱҾ˵Ǻһġв
ãһǧһΪ߲ҳɣı˳ȥڱ壬һǧȷʵʲô
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ȻѾ˶˵ѬգҲֲˣȻǿоʮͬǣǿʳ磬Ҳ˴СĿõġǿΪ淨򣬷Ҳôһϰ䣬Ϊ˳Ϊǿߣܸ
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ٺ٣һǧӣΪô׬ѵͲ³𣿡峤Цһ漴˼λ
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С㣬СϺףϺȥС棬С
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Ѱ˼ǸߣʣԼ˲ź˵ء


34 
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Ľ޷ݣʽޱȣȴԵ쳣ÿһо֮ơ
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ǡֹʱֲܸɳܣ˲֣ȴǺܱɵһߣΣȻΪҵĳ֣ԼûشȻǳ


35 
ʲôƨ壬ߣҪǲ֣һ˫־ҪϵˣԺΪŶཨѫɣ治ɫЦ
һݣⳤߣʵǸǿٱǸǿϲ٣Ҳʵ
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ţ׷׵ԷıɣƤҲһĺ񣬻δš
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սսƺиڲϿ
ȻǿԼĸֶսʵٶġ򲻹Ҿûǹɨк֣ҲẦ¡
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ֻмţʮ󵱼ҶǸ߼ŵĵأ
ԽԽǾ̾ԭ߳ӺˮȻ֮ѹʦԼһҪСģҪǱס
ͷѾˣǳҿԿǷǿһ򣡺ߺߡЦ
߲ŭЦ
ҪųʧǻѪ˿Ц
Сӣ򲻹ңȻô˵ʦ˭н飬ҿԿǷŹ㡣߷侲뵽ʦڣǸŴ֮֡
ٺ٣ǲˣܺãһӣһͦǹС
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гı飬̾ò


36 
ȥɱһ£Ծ
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ǸҲɵˣӵתĺܿ죬ûһսһ࣬ȫ幥
һΣЩȴûкܺõִĿŶλ˲ڷЩɵˣһľҵ¡
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ˣħǵҥԣȫȥҿˡǼĻش𣬿ﾰ粻ŭɽߡ
󵱼ң˾ֵƴġ
磬Ϣŭ˿ʹǿİԲܹɱ˶λֳǱʧأ⼸λ书ҲǷŹǰɣһȰ
Ǽ˿ɣξǹģɱҵֵܣˣһҪѪծѪģи֣һȥɶļһﾰվɢ۱ɫɱȫ֡
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Ҳ׷Ȱ裬һ˵оݡ
ﾰҲǾɣ˵ⷬȻǵѣϾԼǿŵĴ󵱼ңڲò˵Ắµġ


37 
λֵ˵Ϊ̫嶯ˣ֮ǴѡλҡˣԶԶӣңǵһᱨġﾰȻ̨ףһɡ
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ˣԭǴڴСɽ֮䣬ѹֻôƫƧׯжûм飬˵ˡǰɽ̾
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ԷԶԶˣȻһæ˱ϲ̣תɽȥ
ܰǿǺˣеԷȴͷܵԽˡ
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ţˣһлҪЦ
ûУͷͰСƵϴҪ㼸⣬Ҫʵشѣү⵶ҪѪˡţٺЦ
ɱңʰɣСһʵش𡣡ԷеɱȻһţʧˡ
ΪμǾӣʵе㲻ˬԷȻţȴԼ
Ϊǵǿŵģλ󺺳䣬ԣС˲Ż˾ţܡԷͰ͵˵
гǲǣЦ
Է͵һǾ֣ЦСֻһԷĸгֻǲײ˼λүͽɱ֮
Ŀ˸ɱ⣬ȴǿαװˣҸҶ϶ѣȵ
䣡ȭͷð⣬һȭͻɽʯһըСһɽʯըɳȥ
Էһƣ̲סڵأġ
ŻˣֻһԷҲס಻̵Ȱ
ʱ࣬Ůװһȣ佣ʷǳڣôһλӢĴ˧硣ΪⱲӣòҪ˧ϲ٣ȴҲøϲŮװࡣ
ǺǣŻʵһﾴƲԳԷƣʵҲͶߣȴ֪ȻƭңҡͷЦ
壬ôˣΪһǾӣֵǣǺԭأ
࣬Էɫ΢ָЩģˣһƮݳн緶
㾹ȻҲԷɻ
Ǻǣ˶ǴׯеӵܣݸһЦ͵˵


38 
࣬ͽѯˣȥһԣŻ˵ˡţô˹ģΪҪ˵أЦ߿
ţԷһۣҳˣǽ䣬治ҲǵصصĴˣ
ߺԷɫԵ˺ܶࡣ
ĲΪλİԷʵһ۲գĿ࣬顣
ʲôĶʲôྪȵԷΣɽ͵Ŷ˵ƥǴġ
治ԷϲĹڵأͿͷͷѪȴȻˣߵš
˵ҾˡҲѧ˲ٽ飬˻һ˵Էŵ
ţԶţʱЦȥӦģЩ顣
ţ㱳ᰡаٶɣף湻ģֱũ򡣡Цŵ٩
ⲻǷϻҿûǶãܹװĴû취涼ӣҵͷأȵγǣȥЩƱʱɵˡţЦ
ٺһЦţ벻˺ɫ⣬̰ƣҰ㱣Щӣ㿴ΣȻֻСֱܷѣǷ֮ʱڻ㣬֤ǮׯϢ͡
ɣӵУҪĻǹ£ǿȥˣұŷġţܹϵľܾ飬ֻһЦݱǴ峤ʱĹоһ顣
ɫͻȻһΪ̰治֪ôһꡣǮƲ¶㲻㱳һӣᱻɱΪҾû˸㣬¸ڶ࣬Ϊ֮ɣ
ţһֻһֱͬУȫбϣŵӴˣʱһ֮ԣ뵽ñ㵽γǣƣŴӿ϶ǳΣա
˭ôŪҶЩˣȻὫӽ㱣ܣǺǣбȷпɰȫ򱶡ţ׺󣬵Ц
ţһۣҲ˵ˣֻҪŴӾͺãϾγǿɲ֮ǰЩطԱȵģһҪСġ
Է̸ţ˵Ҳ֣Էһ֪࣬̽гȻûһ˿Լе˼飬ϾԷֻһİ·ˡ
ԼĪʱԷͬ
λˣС˵ˣԷ
òЦ
ԭԷļ˶סɽУɽһʮ˼ңԣΪǰ˶ĿˡԷÿ͵ĽУȴңں˾ƺĴ󷢣ȻϷԷš
Էŭ˼ԻȥȴȫǶ˶֣Է̵ɱѡռЩ˵ĵ̣ʣµļȫϳȥԣȴ֣еŮȫꡣⶼ˵ԷԼĶŮһʮ꣬һʮꡣ
˵أԲʮﶼʺֲʳԣɽûд͵Ĵ䣬ֻЩڴлȥ˲Ÿðɽӣ˼ɽڶ࣬ǿٳ֡
λȾС˵ļˣԷֹڵء
ѾӦһȥȥɣ༱
ҳɴˣôǿţ⸽Ҳв٣ΪʲôأѵĿǣҿƵ
磬ӣӰǿ϶ӣӵķϣȥΪ˳ȥǵӡţ۷ž⣬񫡣
壬·²˳٣̸ȥ뵽ЩԻвŮӣ̣ˣҲĲ̡
Է£һ·Уñɽһƽĵط
ʮƵķӽڣܱһ˸ߵˣΪ˷ֹҰްҹȥ
λ߱С˵ķӣڴ˴ǿ˩ŵıǵƥԷҧгݵ˵ѹĺܵͣΨֱ
ģҵԻȥڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡򶨵˵
Է֪ԼȥǸɫԭأһ·Щӱȥ
ԽʣֻȮʬ嶫ɵԺڣмԻʬ塣
ԶһЦŮ˵İУ
࣬ԷһԸʵȻǲΣһȺŮˣҲ֪ʲô
мǴȽϴһУһĿ
ߣ̫ɶˣţյĺ
²˳٣ȿԷʵǿɱһѾԾɡ
˴⣬ֻһۣʱĴסˡ
ˣһֵѹһŮϣȫͣ䶯ţµŮ˲ʱҺȴԽ񣬴ĽаɣеԽˣԽ˷ܣҲԽϲ


39 
ʮŮӣ󲿷ִֶӰסˣһһУиŮҲŮ
ݽǣм׵ŮӣһŵĻ͵͵ĳš
ӱ죬ޣֵֻĽУ˭ҲǶ˱³˶еָŵ϶һŮ˵
˳ָҵŮӣȻѾɱֻʣһ̲Ѫ
ǷΧŮӣһ긾Ůٸһ⣬˿˫ֻסؼطϧסȴס棬ֱǷЦϡ
һմ󵶣˿õһʮŮŮݵҲ㣬ֻ̫Сֵƾһֻа⸧
ϣжδŵŮ͵͵ĳš
̫аˣļһȻΪȻŮҲŹ£ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ЩŮӽȫӶˡдŭһĪȻ
Ϊ˾ӣɼº󣬲źȻȣԼȷʵд緶
䣡һ촫ǰĴǿľֱըѿ
߱ӺţȻҲټ͵һײֱӹᴩƵǽڣͬڵХĳ˷С
ʲôˣԵ̽ǰŮĲϡ
оŭ֮£ʱһкǧתȥֻһ˲׹ߣ亹ðŵһ仰˵һӣһذ׼ŮӵĲϡ
Ƕħ૵˵ǲ
Ȼһԣδ
ٺ٣һЦ˶ʱŵĻɢ
컯֮£˾Ȼ޲飬˸POSSŲæ˵
ħȻɱɫ˵ذһ
һŻŮӣƶߡ
Ϊ컹пܴ߳ȥ𣿡һȻʵ
һһǶˣ̾ߣһжãΣǾɱǡӲ
ţ¶Ͷ飬յ΢΢ԥһʱ֮䲻֪Ǻã
ߣҪɱɱôϻҶ˲ǿ˼ң·ѣЩزʶΪƾСͿҪЮǣǺܻĵȻЦһӣŲæ¡
ţһ򶨣ţҲѧŵ¡
ԽˣȴҷʣǾˡ
ˣȫСүȥںȵ
еʣŮӾֵĳⱼӣһҲܹѾǲеˡ
ʲô춯ĿŮȥףֻҪһ¾ûˡ
үΪΣѵһҪɱҶǿѾ׷үˣΪүĹأҪʲôǮƣŮʵ
Ů˶˳ȥԽˣʵȻҪȣȴɲ֮ǽǾͲˡ󲿷ֵŮѾˣֻжʣҪҲѡ
Ѿǿŵĵ̣Ϊ֣ʡ
ү˴󵱼ҵһ·λȷλԱ󵱼ҡԭҶ˼үǶСɽ֪λǲҿŵ鷳ˡԣǶ׼ɽŪóԵģ˭֪һԷԵƵ˵ԭΪ˻ֱӷɽӵɣҲͷˣ˭ɷǡ
үǰɣǶǿŵСආүҲǵ˼ǿɲԸ£Ҫ֣͹Ǵ󵱼Ұɣһĵ
ŮŵĻͷ˵ȴ˵ľ͵ÿλҲµĴүˡ
ŶСүûȤǴ󵱼ҵ鷳Ϊθٵ㲻ˣѵɽʲôβɣӪȶŮϣܹд̽õϢ
һȺʧŮ㱼ӳӣǣоʱˤڵء
ˣ㣬С㣬ǻţ̫ˣԷŮ˷ܵر˹ȥ
סˣôŮӵıκ󣬷ŭޱȣлһҪŹЩ
үѵ֪𣿼ʮǰͨγǵĳھѾˡɽڴʿ˵дľפ棬ĸҳȥ͵
Ҳһѹֵͻ̣Ρ
˸ʵ˵һдʵ˵һᷢģǡеɱѸʧˣһƽ׽˵ɫ
ϲʱĽ͸ɽĹ¡
֪ͨ飬Щȴ֪ĺ꾡رǹСɽ顣


40 
ԭʮǰСɽȫͨģûרˣ澭зµܣҲγǸҽᡣ
֮ʱҳһƬγǸûôֹôĵ̣Сɽɽ֮ϵʳҲߣǲʿ벻
ЩγǵĽΰǣʮǰһ£ǲʮԽɽ׼е
ʱڶ࣬һʼӴɾ˼źȥ綼군ǽˣһֿĴ
˴ĸӵƣ൱ǿսΣ˫˲ء
һֱ꣬ΪЩʧʮʿȴûȫƬҲͳˣ׷Ŀơ
Ҳ˽ɢССŻΪ̣ʼս
Сɽȴ˼ʮפȻ޷ЩƵĵ̣ôҲܹϮγǡ
˵رʮ֮ãʮԽСɽСɽҲֻż룬ȴ˻ų
ܺãǵĻشҺ⡣ˣȫТпǹЦˣõôõϢܱһ֪ľΧɱҪá
˼ҪƲҲˣһЮ˶ʣһӡ
ٺ٣ǰİ˵ȴڲ֪ȡһǹ
ЦˣʼӣΪղ̫ţһֱӣʱ֪ߡ
ãаһһ۱㿴еǹе
̫ˡһǹ죬ʹĶеĵһȻȻǱɵˡ
ӣʱһֱţͻȻɱ
ʧȥʣĻᶼûУȻ׶Էǿ
ҲʹĲҽУõ־Ȼţһ
һֱǹȻҷһϥڵأ
λܾˣ·ȥɣЦ
δŮл̷Ҳ˳ȥ
ǲǺܻƺܱ𣿸ɵˬɣСүҷǵ⣬ǻҲ̧־Ƕǹÿ˿¿һǹ
Ҿ徵Ľ壬ס˵ĵط۵ȥ
˸ӵ˸ûιȥǵ־ѾǺǿˡ
㱰ɣãŭ
ߣã׳հСүСޣǽãʸ𣿻Ƿµаɣѵûһ˿ڵ𣿡һ˵
ȫˣǵбȶħֲħὲã񲻻顣
ʹױȵʹѪɫʹŤˡ
ɱǰɣŭǸѽ޷˵
ҷһ֫ʣ֫Ȼ˶£ҲĺˡȥߵĿӵ֫
۵شܵİ
찡һŵĴСʧˣܹ˹ȥ
ιȥôԣû֫˼ǹȻ˹ζβˡ
ţϵӣǳȥ˾ͽЩԻɣٺ٣߳˴š
ллĴ£СûԷһȺŮӹڵء
ɣǵĳ˻棬ôǣǿŰɣЦ
ԷһȺŭŮѾŰӣӣ˵˽ȥ
дޱȾֵĲҽȴ˲ñȫޡ
ӦȻһȺŮӻˡаȵЦ
˾ʮ˼ңǧлһһ̩ȻȻܣֻǵѣ׻жܣ˵ģ⿰ȳǽĺƤҲ̲
ǧ𷭹ɽǳΣգҴû˽ȥܹԷһҪɽ룬
Ѿ⣬ΪҪȥγǣͱСɽǱؾ֮·
壬ѾˣǰγǣͲȰˡ϶˵
ԷȰЧ̾˿Ҳ˵ʲôֻһֱ͵ɽָǰķء
վɽϣ˵γǣһӰҲɽǾȻɽˣɽҲˣɽ´Ұ޵ĺǡ
Сĵ㣬˵Сɽڶ࣬ϴׯгֵ޾ǿɾˡѵ
Сĳɽȥһ·ܲߣʮʱ䣬·ҲȫӲݣľסˡ
Сɽͬɽһ㣬й˾÷ǳĸоʢɽкָоԽǿҡ
ֳֳСĿ·ɽУû·Ǵֹľʱͻĳһͷ˵ֵҰޣЩߣ棬ǷʤСģҲüһߡ


41 
һ죬Ҳǲɱ˶ι״Ķһ·ϣأЩŸӿ¡
һŲȱĵͼü΢Σûа£߲ɽ⡣
ʱƻ裬ԶһҰǵ˻
ͣ£ڴ˵¶Ӫ߰ɣԸ
һ𣬾ŻտЩһ·ɱҰζЦţɽ֮䣬ȴҲԵȤȻ
Ұζ֪ķĩţĿˮˣ⻹˵һ¶޻Ұ֮ǰڴгԷ
ٺ٣ˣＱһͺˡָŶˣһҰζŴϴɽдЩϡ
һֻҰֻҰãм˵Ķ˼ϣŨ̱ǣŹִտƳɵҰζҲҰͣȻҰζζ̫ˡ
ǰֱҰζҲûտļȲЩ磬һģرȫûеϡ
ˡͳذףһֻ£ĵݸࡣ
òóԡڴЦ
ЦĺҸһ·֮ϣԼ΢ϳɣһҲӣижĺܡ
۾ҧһڣ̲סг
ôˣϿζɻ
Ұ̫óˣ̫ζˣģģǾζྪϲĽгЦ
ţ۶ֱˣһץһֻҰãֻһڣϲĸȻһ̻ʣԵ춼͡
ԼһڣҲζɿڣûԵִʳˣúóҲΪˡ
ãΧȺͻȻɫ䡣
ʲôҲкȻ֮ɫ
γ˳һֻȴץס·Ȼе㾪š
һֻǣˣ̵۾ŹĹâ໣
ֻΧĹ۾ɽҰĸţ֪жֻҰǡ
ǣĸ綼׶ȺΪͬһֻǣ˾ԲһüͷһȺζΣմӡ
ģд࣬ҩϾ޵ģôǣôɱ꣡еơ
ʱĵطӽɽȥ·ҰǣɽΧס
磬ɽɣţɽȫǣҲֻˡ
ãɽСġǵķԸ
ںҹУ˳ɽϿĿİǰٶȲ졣
໣һ쳹ɽǺɽȺҲ׷׺Ӧһʱ䣬ɽȺҺƾˡ
ʲôǿԽôɣྪ
ʲôˣҪҸ㣬ǧɢˡҲǾɣղŵǺʵ̫ǿˣΪֻһֻͨ
ãȺʼ׷ˡţее㷢
ҲѾɽֻɨһɽ£˵ԭɽϵȺ࣬ɽһɽ
׼սһγǵķͻΧϵ˵ʱȺ׷ױƽѾûʱԥˡ
Сĵ㣬վ󣡡
䣡
ӳһףֻһ촫ɽ´ƥҰǵĲҽ
໣
ȺƺӷŭˣӰ˶ЩҰǵٶȷǳ죬̱Ѿмͷǳ
Ҳ͵˼ǽûз磬û𹥣ֻҪչɽȺΣ̱ữ⣬һпԡ
׶岻Щǣ⻹ҿɴ۾ǰǱȵϵͻҲС˶٣ôͣ϶
ɱǻۼɫһѾ˳ȥֻһĲҺһͷѾͷ
ȺеԽϵҲԽԽ࣬ѾȺΧ
ʱԼĪʮֻȫѩ׵ľǳɽЩǣÿֻͨǴһëʾȺеĵλ
ͨҰǣȻʵǿ˷ɱ£Ұ˴ƬҰԴԴһһϡ
ޣȺƺǳӴԽ࣬ϵԽײС
ʱ˻ѪԽɱԽľԶʮͷߴǻûж˵ȴѾȥ˲١
ɱЩǲſܻẦ£ǣʮͷǣͷһʱ֮Ҳ޴ӷֱ档
Сĵ㣬סЩǣȥɱЩǡ
磨Сģ˹е˵
ЩͨǱɱһͷҲףǰǿ¸ɱ˲İΣ
ٶԶԶЩǣֻǼ˲䣬ѾȺΧ
ðâʮͷǡ
໣ͷǸͲܣͻȻ䣬ÿֻǶſ޿ڣһ׹ǿЩ׹⽻֯һ˲佫֡
ǣд󺧣û뵽ЩôĹһƬ⡣
䣡ֻͬ׹֮Уǰ׹⾹Ȼһű飬ǴĲ˼飬ֻһɱĴ屻ײɳȥ


42 
ϸһ㱡ֱĸоֻ֫ʼӲˡ
ҾȻסһ̫֮ˡз
ಡһͷԾգȥ
ŭԱһ㿪˰ǵϮ
վţ΢ģǵʵʵ̫ǿ󣬶иӵİΣ
ѵһͷǶ򲻹ҲâһЩ˲䱻ڵһɶ
һͷİҲоΣյƴɢ弶ǿʵĴ߷ϸâ˸
ɣŭӭͷǣǰǾȻҲһӴ
УһһķǿĹĽƣ˫צ߽֯һֻһƬҲİ׹¶һĨЦ
䣡һһǵӰ½Ǳǵצ˺ƣǵĲһѪۡ
ǵײʯϣȴͬһ㣬Ҳ޷վڿһתȵڵ¡
ǣսҲǿԱȵң⹥ַȴ̫ԭʼˡаķš
໣ͷֱӱɱʣµļͷǴŭҲСһȻΧ˰Ȧƽ
ɱһͷǲ̫ѣǾͷͬİһϣɲΪԼԶùοЩǻܹ֮ǣԼ
ģսپɣ
һһͦػǹˣ£СЦùӵҲҪɱ⼸ͷǣ򣬽߳ɽˡ
ͷǲγڹİΧȦһƱطǳ͡
ߣպһǹַΧڣ۾ҲܹɨǡһţЩԵֿǹӵ䣬Ѿ˰֮ϡ
䣡
ػǹ޴ײӵХųƥɫľǣֻмɵľ룬ӵӵ˼ޣѪ䣬ЩߴǻûŪ״˲һͷͷء
ͷգۼ̱ڵأպһͷһʱԾӹһ٣ȴٶӡ
ߣһͷҲãľĴȺˡֳ˳ֻҪûİǣȻһ
໣һǺǰģΧ˵ĺѸٵĺ󳷣һգ۵Ĺ˵ʮɵĵط
ôɱôǣྪϲĽе
ţķ˷飬ƺѾˣֻɨһ۵µİǣͻȻƤϵȲϣ۸񲻷ƣ
ֻȺΧ˵ˣŷ
ţˣҲЩƤˣǸϿɽԽ뿪ԽáȻɱ˾ǣƤȴָоǳãƺʲôΣյԼ
˵Żѣ᫵ɽ·ȥЩȺˣȻһԶ˿ҿˡ
𣡡ɽ𺳵ĺһַŭ֮ĺǵڶȴδ¶档
϶пǿޣǿߡּӿ˼ٶȡ
һ޴ɽУһͷȫâľ͵ķһУղţоɽڵϢľȻͷǡ
Ȼҵɱ壬Ҫ˺ǡ
ǴӶеʣͷڵأֵĺ˼Ȼ׷ȥ
СģһɫӰͬɳһ㣬ɽϵ
̱ΧһȦһͷɫͻȻסȥ·ͷëǿ˴ĵһֳ֮⡣
ɣԼʮɣ֮ǰ׷ɱͷӿֲţŵһƨڵأɫ֮Ծš
Ӵѹȫ˹ֿ֮£Ȼ˫ȷ
ɫǱɽʱǰࡣ
СһʵԵ͵Ĳ㣬ǣΪʲôܹôɱͷǣɫɻ֮⡣
ɫһ۱㿴ҵĴ
ЩɶԵߣǻߣȻڴɱ޹ŭ͵ıһǰצһ֮ľʯ˲䱻̤顣
һצ֮ǿţ죬־˵ụ̂ţɱĶˡ
һԵͬŵĻʧɫǿѹ£ֻȫԼƿأһԷֻͬϰɱԼ
ģ֪СɽΣգҾͲȥγˣʦôģѵ֪ҵΪܹԶԸֲֿ𣿲һ֪״ޱȡ
ǰֻһͷʦҲѾţ֮ŽҲ֪ԼΣɣ
ȷˣֻҪж˶ֻ·һ˲ȡػǹ
ɫɫеػǹɻɨӣȴûзְ


43 
໣ɫǲмĺ
˲۶һſָӵХųɫͷȥ
ɫͷ΢΢һͣ㿪ӵȴûжԭȻмڶ㡣
ӵӴɫǵ˲䣬ͻȻâʢȻˣӵǴ͸ļһʹɫд󺧡
ಣɫ˲ڷʮɣĸ飬ӵǲҪǮƴɨ䡣
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ţֵĺˣǰȻԼǰɱˣʲôţ뵽͵ľٵȥ


44 
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зᣬԵʹдţԼ֮ǰ׼ȴΪԼһδεĳɱ֪ҲҪϡ
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ǷŭĺȻ˸ղֻޣȴΪԷܹض޷ɱǽϣ׼ɱˣȻ󷵻صĶѨ
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ˣ¸һɽһǣ̽䡣
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ߣһŮһĿĿɢ˵ĺ⡣
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ƺȫͷǣȻʼˡ
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˾ĿЩ߾˵ֶΣĽѡ
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45 
ǰצһ죬ٵĳǽɫ£һƵײǿ¶âһͷϵķӡһǺ
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˼ӷͼȳ
ҲܣرǱǷӡƣȻӾǵƣ°ɱҲҪķѲٷ
ŶסĶ˲䣬Ѹٵǰ壬ĿȻӡ
ƣСģŮӾʧĽезɽűȥ

ӷһͷƤ飬Ǳǳٶ֮죬޷ܣֻӲͷƤųɽȥ
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ҪŮӷƵĳӷȥڶ˾벢ԶŮȭ㽫Űˡ
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46 
ﲻڣһɣЦĺԽԽ
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47 
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48 
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СֵܣԲҳķޱȣϻȵǸʱɡҸһ˫͵ûʲô߸ģΣƼڵը߰˰ˣ˿̴Խա
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ҧ˵ɫԵü㣬ȴ飬һ̣졣
ǸӺСŮ˰˵Ҹı۰
ɱҰɣ벻ҪĥˡһϢİţԱߵţĥ塣
ԵĻԸ㡣Ц
ʲô٣ţһ㶡
ٵ˼ǽϵһһиֱ˵˲
֪ˣٺ٣÷ţɣţЦͳ˱ս
ҪɵˣŵĲ˹ȥ
ˣûʱˣǸŮʱܷأѸٽսţÿи취ʬ޴档
Цͳףһסߺĺ
һټһ
һֱ߿֮Ѿֵĵɴ۾Ҳвеһοʼغˡ
ҲõֲħģҲİԴһúϧԼ
¡
ǿıըը˸ͷ£кɢţһΣʬ޴档
ףʲô
ڸƱըͻȻһɫڵϣһűǴƷ
Ȼʦ˵ʯɫһϲǰаɫʯЩʯɢ΢⡣
ñȫҪˡѸٵɨϵƷһҲŹ
ţ߹ʱѾһɨա
磬ٶҲ̫˰ɣôûһأţĺߵ
Īʦ˵ģһĴͻűըɻʵ


49 
Ҳ֪أõˡڣǸŮҲˣǵøϽ׼һ¡Ц
ǸŮ߷أǶ㣬Ů߻Ǿ˵еı׽ȥˣȵŽɵʱڰ͵Ϯ
ʲô㻹Ҫɱߣţɴ۾Ͼ߿Ǵ˵еԣ˵ߣ߾żĸҲɼĳǿߣͲˣĻɱǵ˼
̫ð˰ɣ뿪ӹһ١ο˺ҵѾˣӲûдҲϣΪ޼ðաҡͷȰ
ӣôӣ߿շУһǧܹӹ𣿡ҡͷ˵
˷㶣һ˿֮⣻ûŮ뿪ʱˣߣŮĿ϶׷ɱǡ㲻ɱģͷϡѾɱǸеģɴһݣŮҲһɵɹǰȫҲ˱ϣҪǣǻѧϰ֮
ʲô֮ͬʱ
ôСеġʲôֵģղɱһҲŷĴ෨ͬղǸߵķѾȫҵСٺ٣˵ǻصԭشţһɱʴġаȵЦ
еУŮҲõȥοľԼˣ;ˣǸû˷УԣʹɱŮģҲоΡ
ҵϷ࣬ʲôˣø۵ġȻǸŮеӣôҲ뵽ʵɱĸǿ
øƵʬ˾ԭ𣬿ȳԣжϣŮӺǱǱȻ߻һĿŮ棬Ϊ˼ʮǹ˾Ҵ򶷣³ҡʵ˫˭ʤʤǱʤˣҲ˵ܳѰˡ
ĿܻŮɱǣȻ󷵻ѰСϣǱһŮˡҾ͸аˡ˺ܶࡣ
ȫǵɽϿȳԣ˻湻ģ˵ĺζ
ػǹѾӵûнŽУŮҲʶʱ͵Ϯ
һȣ͵ȵǱǣɵŮӣȻûзء
Ѱǳķ뷨ǱϾ֪ǳҲֻзֲʵʵ뷨
һӰԶԶıͬʱһ
ˣ
Ůߣ˿ٵĳĵط
ףô÷ɵģҪܣٶòƱһɣеɻȴǻϲ
ɱ˱ǣˣҡŮӱܱ߽С
˽ǰŷŮɫ԰׵ĺѪɫͷңҲ˺ۣؿںüѪȻѪѾᣬȴԵң붼֪ǱǱˡ
аϲŮӾȻʧȥһȣ˿һֻȱQţˣԵ¶ȵ飬֮仹һ˿־֮⡣
û˻شŮд󾪣򶨵Ŀ˵һҷµģûпҷ
ɽ㣬ˣ˵ȵĺÿడװʹޱȣϲӵĺе
ɽ㣿ȵɽ𣿡ŭߵɱʢ
ߣǣɱСүûšаЦŮӵģҲֻǿ֮ĩ
ҷôˣǿش𣬷򣬸ɱۣŮ֪˽ͨߣ԰ģ˵ûһȣû˫ȣҪɱͨߣֻҪǿѹ˿ڣȴǿ԰쵽ģֻǣĺԻƸأᷴɶ
ȻˣȻ϶˾Qŵϣɱɱ˿Ѷȡ
һ־ŴϵõİƬѪ߰ߵ½󣬵ݸŮӣȫǱʹ֮ɫ
־ᶨȾѪ½ҲһһֲõԤгˣѵˣ
˭ɱҴʵŮ˲䱬ŭ
˻еػǹеɱǣǱһ׹ӱ͵ϮһֻޣսٻغϺʧˣֻҵƬ½ǡ
һ꣬ŮΣԸͣ˵Уסˣһ˼㻳ɵǰ׷ɱδɵѩ֩롣
д󾪣ѩ֩óأ͵ϮǸһ棬пⲻ⣬뵽Լ֮أѩ֩͵ϮǾͷǳΣˡ
ɫţĴѸٵ˷ԲɷΧ
ѩ֩ɱ˸ƺˡ뵽һǼȻҷȣˣǾ͸ɣͻȻЦеɽʵ˾ٲˣ˷ѷƽʱһˡ


50 
ţһŭĿŮߣȴǴǻۣȻû˵Ů߾ԲŹˡ
ǹˣ棿ͻȻ˵
ǰСţǹÿٶȡͬʱ˵
ţ˶˵Ѳݸ壬Ҳǡôڶ˵ͬʱţҲװֵĺˡ
еѩ֩Ķ̻ͷ
ȥɣš˵ͬʱˡ
ƭңһͷ֪ϵˣŭ
ǣ̫Сˣûüתͷֻ˲䴩͸Լ壬ֻüһҽС
ĺãţϲҲ͸û˿ͬĵŮߡ
֮ڵľ룬ɱѾ˵ߣͿ鶹ײˡػǹԶɱߣԷ׼ɱԷĿԣΪЩһ𷨱ƱܹסӵߣЩҲܹ㿪ӵĹ
ͨߵӲȲǿеһߣ֮ʱ޷£ǽ룬Ӧٿ죬ɱĽҲѾעˡ
˵غûͣ𣬶ǼʮӵԷѣлǷĲ¡
ߣΣвԱУߵ
һ˲˹ȥ˫ӶһϵķѾɨ⡣
磬̫˰ɣҾͼһʯţƵڷʱѾϵıɨգԼ񵽵ʯΪԼµġ
ٺ٣ŮϵıడˬЦ
ţһʯЦҡҡͷ֪ðŹʯͷʲôá
ǸϽ߰ɣߣǿɶԸˡɲΪ͵Ϯ˶߱ȫˣʵȹ޴ĻͲҲûлᷢġ
ţ콫ʯñ˿ˣ鷳ġѵ
ţʯ˻УһԵֱ̾ЦţΪʦɣһ
΢Цһţɱ˶ߣȻõ˶һǹ仵ˣŮߵĴȴõġ
ţ˷ܵĽӹϲѣŪװ붫æǿʯƵװ˴
˼·ڵ˵ɽɽš
Ҹɽɣоһ¸յõĺöصЦ
пϲ˵õɹǿÿĺö
ѰһɽնɱһԱռԱĳѨ
ͳģĶٺһЦɹס󣬽̽Уɹ
ʦ𣿲Ȼô֪йЦʵ
ٺ٣ɱߺ󣬺֮·ֵܡȿɣ浽ʲôһûоЦ
һĿĽв鿴
һʱ㽫ĿݿԺС
Ŀÿһ鶼֮£һ࣬һСоɷֻ˷ܵǣϸɵľҪ
ߣ׷طʽǧӵɵ빦Ϊһɢޣ꣬޳ɽ𵤣꣬ǣ֪츳ޣһٽش´˹ĵøԵߵ̳֮ҵĵͳԪûȫʧ磬ҵĵͳȻڡԸ֪˹ߣϧȥ
һµĹļĿȫʧϣԲŽԼķ֮ϡ
ߣڷȱһɣӵд˶ߣڼ߱һĻԵ޳ɽҲ̫ѡɣܿܿУ󲿷ֶ޷Ӧ߱ߣһҲȡ
ҪΪľˮԡҲи֣֮󲿷˵֮߱еһԣ׳ƵȻܹо޴ԣٶȴǲҲ̶õġԣ߱Խ࣬츳ҲԽǿܹ߱ѾȽټԱΪصǳԽ࣬ٶԽ죬ҲԽá
⣬һЩԣ磬ƣף磬Ժкܴļʲκһֱԡ
ͬڵڲԣֻ֮ű
һԣԱΪԣľԱΪԣˮԱΪԣԱΪԣԱΪԡ
ȻֻԶԣ߶ԵıΪԣΪرˮԣԣпܱΪԡ
б߱ԣԱΪһַǳԣʱǷ磬ƣҲԣȴͨıǿܹϵȻΪ֮ӣٶȱȳ˸ǿʮֹ
б֮ϻм޵Ļ¾ͲұܹϸˣǰϹߴ˵
б֮ϣиǿԣֻ壬֮壬֮壬ֻֽǴţκһֶ߱бȫƣһдм꣬ȻԷɽ硣
۾˼Ժе֪ʶ߲ͬûѾ˼Ҳ˵ˮƽ
ߣʲãδؾͲܹﵽ߾磬ֻҪڷܣϣġ
ɣûҲø³ҲѹҪôϸ񣬷˿ǻ綼߷ȥĻЩͨߣߵķˡ
鿴ߵƺҪЩϵĸֲܹϧ޷ȷԼǷ֪߱Ǻԣɻ鷳Ƶ
˷ܵĲ鿴еݣ̫࣬ǿɲֳ߱ǿļԱ߿룬ٶȺ
ʾ֭˼ҲͷʹѣʱǳҪĳֿԷɵĶ
ˣҺɽ˶̡ϲӴȡһ̣˺һл̣һᣬ˳ȡִĴ
ž³һпǽǱߣ̴м˼Щɵ顣
ߣյҲĹȴڹķɻΪһ̸
ڹķ޷ֱͨйתս֮
ڹԽߣԽ֮࣬ȴǹ£ĲαҪͼһɾżھҲֻܹΪߡͬضĹֱڵľӶҲΪֻгΪߣſ洢ڣһҲΪ
ܹΪߣˣһ˵Ķͬ˶Ҳͬǡһʡ
ɵǳǳԻͻȻǰЩʿУһŪǸĪ⣬˵ĸ˲ס
ϵҲ仰ǸԶ⾳
öУȻûκһֹ£Ǽҩܷ飬ֻСоϣ󹦷Դе
ɢ޵ĺ壬νɢޣЩûɣɵˡ
һûɵıӻЩҪ൱ѣ֮;أûɣζûָԽһѣߺܶ·
ûɣҲûпɽһԼһˣ˼һȺȻ׼
ɢƽҪʯҪʯƷҪʯҩ֮һʯҪûʯȻҲѰޣ޻Ҳɱ
ɽУ˺ܶ࣬޷ȷԼûԣʲôԣ˵ûԣʮɣҲʹﵽ㣬Ҳͱȷһ㡣
㰡磬⺵ζ㡣ţЦ
ףⲻẠ̊́ţһڣֻڣȻ˵㡣
Ǻǣţ֮ǰ׼һ𹲸Ȫʱ龰ֻǰţԽſɰǼº󣬶ţֵܰĸ顣
ֵܣҽ̡Цĵݸţһ֧л̡
ðʲô͸ʲôʮ̣꣬ûоҡаЦţϲ鼸ں̣л̣̱ϲˡ
ûãҲ˹
һоĵᡣ
ã֮ʱȥγǣڴ˵ɷûһʱ䣬һչûУȥγŬ֮ʦѧϰ֮
ðɣʦ˵ɺܼѣ˶߱ģûķ»ߺܶ·
οʦҪڼڹķϣܹڹķһ̶Ⱥڽ֮˽˵Ĺҵʦġൣǵ˵
ţ¶һЦûʦԣνֻҪܹһȥҲҪķʵɣҲˡ
ȻţЦȴĽиɵʦɣԺȥлԼͲͬˣûɵʦ


51 
ţҶͬѾֵܡˣһȥȰʦΪͽǱԹЦ
˵ţЦȻΪˣҲ֪ʦĵֻҪڣԼ»ܹΪʦܡ
࣬˵ʵжϣʦʵвǿ֮ǰͷһ޾ʦҲֻܹǿԸԴ˷ʦҲڵʵǶɱ¾ʵҲʦǿ١
νʵǲΥһڹķһķǾͿԽˡǶӦþ߱ɣʦܲһûĵӰɣ
һ˼Ҳ֪Է飬ǲڷ
ڶ죬˱㿪ʼ֮
ţͻȻһҾȻܹ֮ںһ˿ˡ
ôţ֮塣
ҲˣҲе
ʲôˣˣ£Ȥ
ᣬ˼ˣָоĺ֡ϲ
ǰɣǶôǿңôûƵ˵
ҵѧ츳Ϊʲôô޳ȴûУ̫˰ɣв
ϸܣоٶԽ죬츳Խãϲܹһ˿Ϊеһ޳пΪ˫һ֮ڣǾ˫ϣ츳Ƿ
һԣΪڰšţȻͲʵ̫ˣǰš
˺õĻԺ죬¸ˡ
ѧʱҵ츳ãΪһɣȴأʲô
סеĲȻϥ˫ָץһʯɾҪ죬оʼͨʯϵ
ţ඼쵽ı仯ǾǸˣ֮иǶ۵Ȼʱ΢˶ϾҲǰ򵥱޳ɵġ
ȻƾŬİǹоǣûһ˿Ӱӣ˽һСʯ޳ĶʯȴһҲûЧ
ˣǿҲǰ취ϢϢɣЦİο
˿׷׳԰ο춼޷һ˿˭û뵽ġ⼫п˵ûԵǳ
յһȭһʯͷϣâһʯͷҵķ飬ʱͻȻһ׹˳
ף˳ɡ
һֻ֩ʯϣֻ֩ͨ֩С죬ȴͨѩףɢһݵʥ֮
£ֻѩ֩ղŵٶȿ죬һ㣬ȻǴԼ浯ȥģղŽǿһƬ׹⣬֩㵽˵ϡ
ѩ֩ڵſţǳɰɲô룬Բһֻͨ֩롣
ͨɫ֩룬ף֮ǰһֻѩ֩ôѵ뵽ֺ˼
вʱѩ֩ͻȻΪһ⣬ȥ
һɣȴֲĵ̾Ϣˣѩ֩뿴ֵʯܹ׽סͺˡߣ´һץס
ɽ䱸һĸ޷оİ׹ڣѩ֮֩С
ĿоķĶˣΨпЦû뵽Լɵ츳Ȼ޿ɾҩĳ̶ȡ
оĹʺңԼȷʵûԣʦ˵νѧͻƾż߶ȻӵУһǱͨõԡ
ҲţǼ֮ˣ춼ûһ˿Ҳʱ·£ǱоѧϾϣģοѧϵ츳Ƿǳǿġ
ɽ£˾ɽп
߳ɽʼԽһɽɽγǵϽΧ
Ȼ޷֮Ǳ֮£תĽȴǺˣȻͻƣ弶嵽߼жʵʵʮֹ
ţȻ˰оʵȴԣϾ֮ͬСɣͨûʦָ㣬ܹʮ޳ķѾ츳ˡΪһ޳һ㣬żߵʵˡ
츳ܺãʱ䣬˵ʵڹڶݣ˲ǸոɵƤëûšȻް꣬ҲǺ
ķڹķתķͬʱڹķڹķľٶҲʤǰ
Ƕȴ֪һһҲʧȥĿԡڶ˱߶ԣҲ̸ʲôʧ


52 
ﵽ弶жʵţǴﵽ弶ߵʵ
еҲһɨգ˼ʹоչҲȻûԼ졣
ʱ䣬վɽۣ֮ɽһƽط֣ϡɼɽӴľӡ
ɽ£һӶʿѵţ֮
˸һ֣·̴һʲôˣԽɽߣɱۣ
ۿȥȴһһ׵ĽԼʣЩѵʿͻȻȫϣ֮䣬Щʿںͣһ̸ߵĶƣֶڶ·ڲԶ
ٺ٣⴦ؿڲ˰ɣɵЦ
˶ΣֲѵǹȥɣţֵЦ
ţһۣȥˣ˼ɾӵĿıǲκ˳룬㲻˰ɣ
˵ĺáЦߡ
Լɽһ֮أ˵·ľţֻ·˵أȸأԸ
ܴ·ľӶһ¶֮ɫ⼸ʮ䣬ɽѵóࡣһΣȻֻ˾ͷԽСɽǺ⡣
޽ɽΣأʿҲûһܹһߣСɽѾʮû˴ɽǱ߳ˣ˾Ȼˣʵǲ򵥡һʿģ˵
˴Ǳ֮أκֻҪҴǱɽϹɱ⣡սߵ
ǺˣϽ򣬱Ҫżˡ
ģѵʵǣȴЩ۵ļһɽµľӾԲǹȥǻڶԷû׼֮ǰһٳȥ
һհȻҲû顣
壡һѸٵɽ¼壬ӰҲ˲˳ȥ
˵ʵǣٶȱȴǰ˺ü·ĲʿֻӰӷɿԾ
ߣЩǾǿгǲ֪޼ôó𣿡޽ɫһɱǡ
ȻǾùһǵ棬ԲǵʵԱ²šžʦ
֣׼ż޽һ£ǧֻʸ˼ȥ
ɣô΢ЦץһֻʸͻȻɫ΢䣬૵˵ԭΪЩȲǿ˭֪ȴǡǡ෴ߣУҲҪˡ
һ֮ǽͻȻַ֣׷׺ˣӲӪгì֡
ǧ֧ìͻȻӶд̳һʱ֮䣬ɱǹƣҲͣס³֮ơ
û뵽ɽµľӲܣҪǿֹ󷽻дһŹƺƴ
ɱһˣҪӵֱ̫ˣܹɡ
ǻ˻ɽУ־ܣҾɱۡǽڿϺȵʿҲͬʱƾˣ涼΢΢𶯡
Ϊӣں֮ȫܹȣȻʵҪЩʿΧѶ滹С
ɽȫǾӣʱԼϱҲɧǿ߸ϵ
ñ̫˴ɱķôսʿվԭأ˵
˵ЩȺʿȴҲѣЩʿͬΪһϲɱ֮ˡ
ߣ˵˴˵أԽȥ̤ʿʬԽ޽˵Ϊ
λҪŭ֪·˵أкβɣΪҪƣҪʿأֽ֣η˵
ǣ̫ԵˣǲɱǵʿͳȥˡţɤӺ
ֻҪСɽǱ߹ģǺˣɱۡһˣȻҪ޽Ҳ˲ȴ޷ıֻ޽ȴûǷȻ
żʮɵľ룬о޽һɱ֮ͣʵȻҲЩͨʿ󲿷ֶǶʵϣߣļʵʿȻҲв١
ȵǣЩʿһɱȻĿкη֮⣬ٲȻһֻѪƵ
޼γҲвС޼Ȼûʲô֣Ǿһ֧ӣǿľˡ
˷ˣ𷴶Գɣפسǹأ޼˰ս֮ʦԶЩ޼ŵ˫ȷ
ЩȻֻ֪ǾǰľӷǳԵѪԣЩֲʿҲѷɫοʿʵҲɱḻ
·ľ¶ɱ˵Ҳˡ
ֵܹɽҲףᣬҲֻҪ˻ɽУԭ·أԲ׷ǿгأǾ׼ľ򡣡޽˵ƺвɱˡ


53 
Ƿݱܷâȥӳ飿ɽµľӺǺɱΧȰֻҪɵӣȻԿɽ¾ӵ
磬ûκɱҲɣҲɣţں
ͷһǸߴɽ壬Խɽһ·˶ΣܹߵȷʵѰ쵽
ɽµʿȻǿ󣬵ǣзһǻѪɽµһ֧ӶôԶγأ񲻸Ǹơ
ʦ˳Ǹǵ˻ûҵܹ׺ˡ
ˣΣҪԽ֧ҧ˵
۾ϱɽȥֻӵɽȫʿ
ǰ֧Ȼ赲ǰǣҲǵְڣִըһ֧ѪԵĲӣ˵ʵҪǰӵķ¡Σ˫ս£޷ġ
ˣѾγǵĹϽΧҲܹЩңЩҲ޵ģܹȡɣؼʱ̻ҪԼ汾¡⣬һηơ
޽˻ˣȻǲ֪Ҳ΢գȫʮɣյء
ھɵĺˣеʿ²˧뷨ǲԶ٣ϾԷֻˣֻҪÿ³һĭҲС
޽ΪһߣԷھ£Ȼȵƾƣ޽ҲΪҲ˰֮⡣
ʮƫڣ޽ȵĺȵ
ĩڣʮ׵
޼ʮƫÿŸ߳գھĵλ޽ΪĲ¡
ʲôѵ浥а롣
λԸһս޽ʵ
ʮ翴Ͳ󣬿Ҳֵó֣˧ʮһһ꽫ǰ˧ĩƷɻԸս
¶Է
˧΢΢ͷƷɻȻʮƫһͲǱȴܴ󣬲ʮ꣬϶Ϊʮ󽫾еٮٮߡ
ˣᣬ˧Ҿ֮Уɳ´һһսǿɸҽսܹӮ¶ұԷǹȥ˧ʵ
ʮƫѵ֮ϻʮӿɱʵǿˡӮ¶ͷԼ˹أãЦˣȻԷ浥Լ˼Ҳʿ˲ء
ãⳡҽˡЦ
˶ˣû취²࣬һֵܣһԼŮˣ£ԷֻɳһƫܲҪԼɣ
ţȴǲмڳսһССƫ̫Сˣʤ֮䡣
ǺǣսɣһỹиĽǶԸЦ
ţһۣвˬ뵽Ҳһ弶жߣҲҪսʵŵͷӦ
һۣͷڣǰȥһһƮдӢˬ
ţҲǰʮɣԷʲôʧ
ǳսƫʿóĵ·ǰ˲֮ǰһ⣬žǾƫ
Щʿÿ춼ڴ˿ѵ֮£ƽʱҲ޷ǾбȽȤѵǰˣһ˷ܵ˫۷Ź⣬׼ƫĴ
˧ʮƫ֮һĻƷɻͨһɱὫȵ
࣬뽫ָ̡ಢһ˿ӡ
룡Ʒɻһƣγսս⣬һ֪ء
С˵֮䣬бѻӳһ
ƷɻҲ⣬һһƴĳལȥ
в˾һƾˣֻ¶Է꽫촦
ǰɣһƫҲ⣬ôܡһмһ֣֪ûСʱԷ¶ĵƣҲ弶ߵ
΢΢¶֮ɫȴţ֮ͻȻðâܣֱӭǽĴ󵶡

ǻƷɻҲСĹɫһ֮ҲһƬʵİ׹⡣
˶ûʽûʵӲһС
䣡ལһ𣬾ȻǿıըââһӴ̴ǣ𻨡
ףֻöԷ󵶴ˣһ֮£̲ס˶վΡ
ǽǴ󾪣վȡ
˫ھ֣ǽռ˱֮˵ھʵҪһ
Ŀô˧üë΢壬û뵽Ľ
ǾƫҲǵɴ۾û뵽Ʒɻ弶ʵȻھϱȲԷǸˡ
̨ǿھھǿͲ֪ɱΣƷɻȻȣȴ̫⡣ΪһɳϽȻھԷƾḻɱ飬˭ʤ˭ھ¶ۣΪʱ硣


54 
УһŽĵһʹƾˡ
ĺãƷɻηľٵӭϣ˫չһֹ⽣Ӱսѷ֡
һ۲գĿŶ˵սȴǴ󾪣û뵽ԷһƫƵʹ콣ԷеǸơ
ûǿдأھбΧڳһȺĽ¾ԼܹҳҲԻ
ţɴ۾û뵽Էһƫ߰ܵش֪ˣ⽫ʵŵĵҲѷɫ
һҪˣƷɻȻսɱḻھϵĲȴǺԵģοûսϣսֲǻսʵܵ˲ٵӰ졣Է꽣ʽǾޱȣ򶷾ȻǷȱǿھĽ⣬Ӧûȡʤ˧а룬ɶ࿴˶Էһۡ
һԼʮ˾Ĵ󺺣ĸߴ̫Ѩ߸߹ϱŰѾ޴ĿվƾȻµЩƫҲһʵǿߡ
һˣȴǸ꣬Ϳȥ಻ʮ꣬Ŀ㣬ŵ΢ЦޣȻԼһַ豹ĸо
һֱںԼ˵еͷ죬;ǲСӡ
ƷɻѾԼĪһӣ˵Ĺǳ죬Ҳ١
ʼƷɻƾḻս飬ȻռһϷÿŲƶǳѸ٣ԷûУѾӦ֮ơ
Ӧ쳣ѣھȶԷǿ٣ȴÿֻܹ˶ԷԷգۼٴιϣʱһҲʹõĵӦ֣ϾȶԷĽǾ顣
˼£սһֱš
˧ĿѾƫ˼һɺϳӮ¶Ӯ
δϳľŴƫ⣬˧Իʮ򳤣ͳ졣
ЩˣÿǻƷɻҪǿϲ٣ԣ¶˧ġ
ʵ಻ضԷҲԲĿҲڶԷѰ٣һѰ٣ĸˡ
սĻƷɻһĻоˣ˵Ľʮģˣ֮⣬лвȫ׵Ľ
һһˣԼһͲӮ¶ˡ
ԷôཫԼһֻˣ治κȡ֮ԷȴһӮԷ³϶ɳǳǿ֣ţʤ㣬ϾҲ弶壬ɹǸǿЦûʮޣûʲôá
ţ³ҪСˣΪͺãҲϣϾʤڱҳ£ЩҲкôĥԣԺɷҲкô˵
ţһɻ磬һûأô֪䣬ʵҪܹǽǱʵǿܲһʤ㶼ûаɣ
ǺǣԻȻ֪ˣȫʵʹʹһսɣӮҲνˣͻȻЦˣôʲô˶˻ɽϣҲûʲô˵ġ
սԼĪһʱھĺܴ󣬶ҲսϾӲӲվھΪҪǿһ㣬οķȻٵ㣬һ˵Ĳˡ
ҲܹðҲҪӿٶȡ
Ŀ¶֮⣬͵˫־ٽâǣȳʼҪǿ֡
ô־ãôܣƷɻֻ˫ַᣬһƴÿζԷʱ䳤ˣҲѪ
аɣ͵Ծһɶߣ˲䳯·ȥ
ȥһƴˡ
ƷɻҲԾͬ˫Եǿһ
ϣҪӮˡаϲ
˧ֻüëһ֪ΣһԵľʦһԵѡ
һ޴ѾֳʤƷɻĴ˲䱻ɳȥɫҰ׵ûһ˿ѪɫҲӿѪֲǣ˫Ѫ֮£ѡ
ھһΣֵܹҲΪףһͬȼʿ¼ֲƬ̱
һϸֳһ˿΢ЦֱָڵصĻƷɻЦˣ
Ʒɻһǿվ͵³һѪⷬսڸҲˣ³Ѫɫǿһ㡣
΢Ц࣬Ʒɻвû뵽ԼʮˣȴвʮҵˣԷҲˣĽ֣ԼҲһ
ոǿĳķڷлл飬лᣬٴֽ̡Ʒɻ˵ʰսǵȥ
ֵܣû°ɣһԵļƫ׷׹еʵ
û£ллֵǡƷɻЦֱ˧и˧˧
˧ɫˮȻ㲻ʤ˱ҳ£ȥúŬɱֲĹʧ


55 
ǽ˵ֻҪӮöͷǹأѾӮһһսɣЦ
˧ȻһЦû뵽ǻʵǷģ˧˵Ļڶɣ
һԷ϶ɳ֣Լϳĳ嶯ˣϾӮһǾʹﵽĿˡ
磬˰ɣģǴ򲻹Ҳġţս
ԶҲ֪⽫ȻǶıԼȥȻɳĶ֣ţս΢΢һЦһҲ޷
ţսɣסԼһЦ
ţǰ߳ʮɣԷʱҲ߳һȫڼ׵Ľ
ڶԾҪʼˣЦˣⳡӮνȨţʹʹһսɣ
ţǰͬԼһߴĽһҲСӣȴǲʵԼҪϲٵ඼ܹӮǰƯԼ϶Ҫһ
˧ϸЦݣһսԷ䶨ˣϵĿɲʮƫеκһԼֱʮ֮һ
ʮÿһϵʵĴﵽ߼ߵʵھеŵǰ
˧ʮĵɣ±
ߣһţб£һսɣ
ţߵνһͷǵҲЦˣ¾ͶˣţҪǿһ㣬Ȼǵһ
ԭʮˣȻЩŵţɵóԱˡ
ʲôţһԱ񣿡ྪȵ
࣬һǽ̫СǣڶԣԲ᷸ҿţֲһӣȻ϶˵Ѿ˼Էʲôϳͳ˧ǲ׳սġ
˵ͬʱţѾսˡ
˶Ǵ󵶣һֱͬˮˣ򶷵ĳӻ𱬡
ʿһ۲գĶŶ˵ս¶ȻɫЩͨʿ޵еսܹգȻѧټɡ
֮ţ㼱ˣԼͣԷܹ׽£Ķ
һ˿мԷȻԼȴ˲٣ֻóɹԷƺ޼ƿʩˡ
ţɲǿĹ޷ռƺѾ֪ˣԷ϶δȫ
ЦţʵܿԷ󵶺ͻȻһȣ֣
ղŻƷɻԷˣǡƷɻⳡӣȻðƷɻһˣͬķʽ֣ܶɶԷıҲѪ
ţһѾвôãȻƤҲ൱֪֮Ҳеġ
һԷˣƺ˲һд󺧣͵һԾˣ䣡
ϱһͣεĿЦŴ˧棬Է䣬ԼƺҲüڴˣյ¶ĵɫ
ʵţûܣ䣬ΪһߣδԷܾ䣬Ǳӵġ
ţ˵ˣȴЦˣֱĺ޲óȥһ㲻Ҫ棬̫ɳˡ
ţЦ˴Ĵָţȴޱȣ֪ˣʵڷԼ
磬̫׼ˣǸ˱ˣûţЦ
ȻӮˣȴǲˬǰսһҲóж
Ӯ˾ˣҪա˧Ц۾ȴɶ࿴ţۣ˻Ǹ
ԣ˫һʤһˣǷʸ߳ؿڣ׼ˡ˧Цжȴ˲٣ܹжʵ£ʵǿ
ҲһЦضԷ϶ΪԼȥνӮˣ˵˧һˣһҳսǿѡɣˣ˵̴ֵˡ
ţһЦʵӵĿɲһ㣬ϣ书ȶѾ˲֪ٱһս۶Էɳ˭˶ǿġ
ǰȥһɣһֲսɢĵĸоʵϣڽһҲС
˧ҳɣ
£ս
ڽһ˧Ĵӣʵǳǿʮ󽫾һԷֻһ꣬ƺɱţĸо
һɫףȻ׸׵˼ȴΪ
ʮ󽫾һĽɣֽˡЦ
ң񣬸Сˣһֱ㲻ġҲЦȴеС
ȶԷ˺ܶ࣬룬žͨ꣬Ҫ˵ʲôرģǾǳĺ㣬˧
㲻ñһ
ҵȭͷǱ㲻صġ΢΢һЦȭͷͻȻðɫɫѾǳŨˡ


56 
ϵģп߼𾪣ŶԷôֻһꡣ
ʮôôܣγҲ߼߰ɣ
еɻ󣬳ıһɫֻǹ
һ֣ǰľ
˸ǿĴˣ񽫾һʮصֻǹâ֣Уֻȥûһ㣬ʹһǹһǹÿһǹХƿҲ˺
꣬Ȼƾһ˫ȭֻǹĹзܣʱʱһȭֻȥҵײ
˵ʵ죬˵սĲ˼飬һʮУͨʿֻӰâ˭ռƣ޴ӷֱ档
˧Ҳɵɴ۾¶֮ɫԼĶӣʵԼͻҪǿϲ٣ϰֹѣʮﵽ߼жʵΪš
Էʮ꣬ƺҲʵ˧еɵˣҲԼɳ񣬷ⳡ䶨ˡ
ǹ죬ʹʮɹǹӰȫӰ
Էһ㾪ȣԷƺԼ˼꣬ʵȻɽп˰꣬¸Էһǹ֮
о¶֮ɫȴתۼѾ˰֮ࡣ
ҲԼˣýʵӲ٣ҲںͶƴôҲֲʤ
ԽԽľԷñȻбԼǸӳ
Ŷ˴򶷵ʱԽ˶ˡ
ŵȻս£εȷ˼
ϵԪ˧µͨʿ޲𺳡
˧۾ٲȻһ˿˷ܣԷԼľ̫ˣ۴ķ˵ԷţǸ갡Ժأ˧е㲻
УúԺ󽫷Ӷս뵽˧˷ܣرٵĸ֡
Ԫ˧ʵƺٽ£֪Ƕ˭ŻӮղûǻɱȻǱס˲ʿžʦ̾
ǰʵĸ֣Ǽλ˧ҳܹѹô꣬һǵһμȻƽ֣츳ȴǲģοóıԷȴֻƾȭȭҲܹͨôãʵǱǲġ˧ҡͷ
ţ࿴ۻңԶʵȻ峡ϾƣŰ࣬ʵ̫ˣö˲еԱ
ţһֱԼѧţ˿̿ʵҲĽѡ
ս˶ʱȻδֳʤ
ܹ䣬˸ĹؿڣǸͳ˧Զʵ֮ϣоֱ󣬿˶ôġ
ޱȣԷսôãȻƣ̬֮ԽսԽͣȭͷϵҲԽԽ
һҪӮ͵ĴȵͻȻõ֮˱仯
ԭ΢Щĵﴦھ͵Ļ籬ըһ㣬ԭеھȻͻȻĳӯͬжϱڻβֳͣһͬġ
ʣµЩھͻȻƾһڳӣһĻпϲѡ
ҲȻͻˡоԼղŵƣ̬֮ȫʧˣǣٶҲ˺ܶࡣ
ͻһ㣬ʵֹһοѾս˶ʱѾھ㡣
ٺ٣ЦʹʵδӣҪάսͻƵھȶ
ҧţôʼǵӵģοԷֻǸ꣬һԼСꡣ
ţҲе㼱ˣΣ˺ѷֳʤҲ֪󵽵˭Ӯ˭䣬ˣԼһƾʵؿ
ֵܲǹҲʹĺܺãҲˣɣͻƺĴǣŴʱЦ
䣬б´Ӯ˵ŭ
Уʲôǹ㻹ôӮҡߵ
󾪣˫ǹݺݵһлǹ
ãǹˡЦ˫һȻȭΪצǹץȥ
һ̣ԷԼһʵȻȥץǹǳΣա
һеֻǹȻ汻ԷץС
֣ȫھ˫֣һΡ
ףֻǹȻ˿
ڲڿٴ򶷣˶ֱ˫ۣ˾Ȼͬһֻǹ޽ء
ɣѵҿˡ˧󾪡
Ŭ˼ζ޷ֻǹԷƺ޾пŭΪҪܹȥ
̫СˣؼԺϰ£΢Ц˵˫ͬʱʹ͵Ľһֻǹȥ
ֻһɴȴУ˴ǹıԷ˿С


57 
оʿǷһӣ޽ȫơ
㻹֣ߵ
ߣҵıҵҷ֡ҧ
ãҲҪֻҪܹؿڣ˫ֳָǿҵâһ˦˴ǹ˦ɼʮɡ
ֻǹ̫ˣץסֻǹɺȻصˤڵϣ̸оؿڷܣǣʼסֻǹ
ǸѪжҲ̲ס޵ԼԲΪһֻǹܴˡ
˸־ԸвͬƾЩȽϹŰĵʹѭǹڣǹȻͬȴеľ
磬Ӯˣ̫ˡţϲĺ
ԹˡҲЦˡ
Ԫ˧Ӯ˶Թ𣿡Цʵ
˧¶׾Ц⣬ֻһţλȻͣҺͣǿԹˡ뿪֮ǰ絽ҾкȼþƣλΣ
ûһ˿ԥӦһУ룺Ԫ˧ûþӹǣûԶ٣ز֮ˡҪⷽ߳ȥԷʲô뷨ʹִһЩСһ
дŽͬʱжΪͨо֮ĵ·
ɫ糣Ļȥû˿η塣
ӢۣҾˣǾ˧а̾
һ·߹ʿµͨɭɱ֮޲˵һ֧Ѫ֮ʦ
Ȼûη֮ɫлǿҵ𺳸С
˧ڽԾսоſڵˣȺˣ˲еĴмģ˧Ż֣ء
ʿӢۺúӢĸֲУ޼ҾӢĺӣԷȴܹƫսرٵȻ˾ЩʿҲ֮⡣
λ˽çʿ֪йأλȭЦôཫӭҲ΢΢һ
λӢֲۣҾʿ׾ˡλһ𣡡˧ҲЦ
Ҳ׷׹֣϶һ˿Ц⣬˧⣬Щʿ񿴲ϣТ
ˣ룡һνģȴޱȽΨЩͻȻ
˽֮Уʿ
յ蹦½ʿϲȣƱ̧˽
˧ѵӭλӢۣȥͬ죬ҲȾףֻҪɡ˧ˬЦ
˧̴˷ܵĳ⡣
λᣬշǷ޼ҾӢۺúλһۣνǾӪ԰˧Цĺܿ
Ԫ˧ˣ˱Ǵׯеܹ֮ԴǷǳмЦ
˫ƺǢûиղŵĽţ˫໥ⲻһѣھ˵Ҳˬʶһֱ⡣
ȾƣȾλһ˧ٱ
ȥоȻǣȴƷ˶ҩӡ
ȻˣڶƱʱһһȷ޶ЦŶ
һｻڽҲĵЩˣˣʿǽ˾ƣȻ
Ǵɽڵķ֮߳ģЩⲻòĴ
֮أЩҲܴȥҲͺ޹˼ɵԱš
ҲһͨׯЩҲ֪
ϧȴˣ֮ȷʵ֪ׯ峤һ˷
壬Ǵҹʽû뵽֮ˣɵĺأǽЦ
˧йâһƺʲôǸвǵĸҲƬط
˧
ѹλٱʵԭʦָ㣡˧Ц
һЩһķḻɿЦʦ˵ܹ¶ĵӡ
˧Ц㲻ȥҲܸˣȷ˲ǳʿǺ׵ˣʺˡ
뾡Īʹ׿ն£λҲһЦ
뾡Īʹ׿ն£
ڽ¶֮ɫղǾ仰һзų⣬仰˵Ŀǡôֱ˵Ŀˡ
һʫ²ո߳ĲҲ˧ԽԽϲ
кգ磬˵Լ棬ȵ˴˼ʫֱλΪˡ
һ磬Ѿ˶ʱٽȴƵġ
ãһƣ
ð
ͲοľƣȻû⣬̻ǽǻȭ󣬸ܱ


58 
ãþ
Сһвʶ
СһҲ㣡
ţֵܣҲһ
ｻԽԽǢ˷·Ƕδһ㣬ʱҪΪ൲ƣȵĹˣҲֻɫ΢죬˧ĵ
Ƶ˧һ˷׷׿ţ࣬˿ԸеҾһ⣬ȾƣΪγǵİշǵ
Ц׷Ŀ۷徳磬ﵱʮܾйƣʮڴˣǻȥˡ롣
ţ¶һ˿ϲɫܹеһȷʵҫˣմؼңһüгϲţҲ⣬ȻЦŵͷ
ֻ΢΢һЦȴֻҪˣʲôУֻҪܹʦﵱҲ
ţӦˣ˧ɫһϲܹ㶨һˣȻҲˡ
ţ͵Ĵ˸һ˵Ԫ˧ûӦ磬ֻҪӦû
࣬أ˧ȴࡣ
Һһ£翪ڡЦ
һһ磬ЩҲ֣ϾУ䲻⣬˭ʵǿҲǺġ
Ҽλֵƺ򣬲֪أ˧ϣ
ȱŻشﵱÿٺ»̫࣬ҲͼĶǺúӣǺֵܣһˣҪΪսʱԼֵС
Ԫ˧˵ʵΪ˸׿ϣֵܣһ˵ģοһǵǿġ
¶˳֮ɫ˵˧ĺ⣬ֵˡΪҸˣڴ˵صĴ㣬кþƣòˣкֵܣôһ𲢼սȷʵܺáǷʦûɣˡ˧ܹ⡣ɺһλһ𣬵ʱڸ˧𸴡
ʧϧЩ鶼εĳЩϡ
ȻʦҲǿһֻܹԵ֣޼Ҿʱӭλ˧ȻʧȴҲ֪ǿ󲻵ãοԷɣʦΪ
˧֪˵һˣֽоǡͻȻʵ
˻һɫ䣬˧Ҳһƺʲô־顣
ףһֵϢô𺳣ǰɣɻ
ڳļʮλȫɫ䣬Ǻȵ¶ĽҲʧ̬ĳͣǴ˷·ʵĲһˣһη
Ϊһ⣬ƽĺˮ˿޴Ũը
˽ȻΪԪ˧˧ǿһɫָԭеı飬ֻлôһ˿Ȼ
ȿȣ˧ͻȻ᲻Ŀԣ׷ɫһһʱ䣬ѻȸ
·ֵ˾ˣΪʧ̬
˧˫ֻƣȻڵľ絽ΪֹλȻȥ˧̡⣬ղŵ⣬ԺҪ𣬷á
ټڽһ˳ȥ
˧ɢ˵ĺâ
һ˵ǰ֮˵ǿʵܹ߼Ҳľʵ»ᳬϡ
˧Ҳ8ϵĸ֣а룬о裬ֻҪԷһʲôٶǾʹ
ղҵˣҾ͵ûҲϣܹҵĿԡκ˲⾣ǵ֣һ𣬾γ˵ĹСҺǻˣ֪ôġ˧񽥽ƽ˵Ļȴп
ǣʦ˵Ҫ˴ǺηʥȻγ˵ĹУзٵš
ǻʧɫ֪γԻڶ࣬˵žӪ֮Уֲ֪ж٣οֻʮפر߹شһ֡
ܹԪ˧Ҳɵ֣ܹó´֪ǾǻǶôµǿߡ
˧лл㡣֪ΪˣҲԲ˵ԻʵҲǷʦҪҵˡֿ˵
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59 
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ϰ䣬Ѿʮ꣬һҲķ˰ʱ䣬Ҳ߼жΣ⾣Ǳǲ
̲ס˧Ļܴ
磬˵㻹ţˣôɣţЦԱǺѵ飬ţҵˣ顣
ߣʮ꣬ҲŰ꣬һж꣬ҲߵȻ
Ǻǣ󣿡˧ֹͣ˵ͻȻʵ
ʮꡣ̾˵
Ŷ˧зų⣬ʮ߼ߣҲγŵ¼¼
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һŬģ˧˼㣬˵ɣЦ
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֮֮ɥֻҪɱˣûܹӹֻҪ飬û˿赲
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Ƕɱڷʵ˵ĺĽǡŬʮ֮ڴﵽΪǾҲһǶ֡Ҫ֪ɻ˳꣬ǲʮ꣬ҼʰЦ
һŬģΣʮ֮ҶŬʱһȥʦ˼ҡСǱѾΪס
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ģֻͬһˮ㷭ڣ֮ͻȻ˷ܵϴѪӿ


60 
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ã߻ħƣǿԶһ㣬ôغôţκǰš༱
˿ɣסڣĬĬΪǵ֮顣

߶еĳ嶯ıѹȥ֮ҲظƽϢ
ʱȻһ֮ԺһƬհףƺʲôҲûУƺʲôãʶƽ㱼ֻΪһ壬ֿ״̬ߺͻƵơ
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£вǣˣ֮Ѹٵѹסͷд䣬ȴպ÷ѧϵ
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ɫͻԽƽͣǹž޲ְԵҲɢӰ١
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ϲ߽߲ΣϲӦͻ˰ɣ˷ܵ
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ˣ˧˾żʥһ㾫żߵľǺǿģܹ̽Լʵ͵ʵ˧ֻԼ쵽һ֡
;ǧһͬ޲ɢ֮ϯλذɣڣЦűȭ˵
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ǴĹǽдãôûƯţ
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ǽ˵˵ĵطнǲСЩطȫǴӣķע޷ˡа롣
һϾƣţ⣬ںȾƣ⣬һ̯ʮĽ


61 
ţҲһɴС֣Ҫ֪ǺģֻйؼʱŻʹá
أûУ̫רҵˣǿûд緶ϵıЦ¶Ƥı顣
ţͬʱһϰĳأʱԵĻȴƺңԶˡ
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һİֵϰƨƨߵӭ˳ȥԭү룬ôβ¥żأ
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62 
˼ͬʱ֣ЩĺԲǶ֣һֱҽϡ
дŭˣЩѾɱˣ˻ȥ
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÷ɽ߽ܴ󾪣û뵽ԷôиԮ
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𼱣㿴˼үүһҲţҲѧѧסģ˲µġЦȴĶסǸ˵ıӰ
ˣǸ֣ܺ߾Ӷࡣ֪ΪΣ߸һֵĸоɲƵġ
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63 
Ѿǰ˼ߣȻĻ۾үͬǿһ㡣УүѾҪˡ
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64 
֮ɫҲԼ˵ʵϸ߼ߣϾ
ǺˣΪǴ˵ɱˡ첻Ҹɣߣγ󵶣ȵ
ͷҲһ񣬾ǿѹգɱ˼ˣҲǸһѵͷŲæ˵
·ضϣ˷׷ױãƽ򣬺˸սͷߡ
˵أҵΧ֮ڣԾͬΪƽʮɵţҲڴ£˼¥ŵĲҵȻҲƾ˱ɱ飬ҲŻǻġ
ȻҵĵɱˣǾ׼ɣҧгݵ˵
ͻһ֮ƣͷͷ
ߣɡ
ͷ˵ʵȴ׼һ㵲ס˴󵶡
ףһû뵽ԼʵԷȻܹסԼһ
Ȼ˶ԷһҲǰ̲סһ
˫Ȼڲ֮䣬ͷʵҪ΢һ㡣
ֻһ˵ĳ֣ж˶˵ʵ˿ģߵʵǿԼɱʱеʵ
ţ˵ɱȫע˵ʵɱĶѷһۿǵɱȻкܴĺô
÷ɽֵܸǿˣֵɱǳ
תۼʮУԴϷ磬ȴҲŭͷʮѲʵҪһ㣬ɱȴȫȻҪһһĴ˼أƸӲԡ
Χ׷ΪľҲкüҲ˶ٵߣͷ֪ΧȦɱҲߡ
磬ҺˬҲˣȥɱһţ鲻Խ˵һɢ
Ǻǣ𼱣һٲ硣ŵ˵
ƴкȻûзֳʤͷѾѪɫҲԽ԰ף弶ʵսΣȷʵô׵ġ
ھԷжǲҪĴ򷨣ͷѾ˵ꡣ
ϸһĨ΢ЦаϲΣͷһֲ˶ˣȻûɱҲ
ɱʱһ˫ĲԽԣ˫ͬʱͷÿһмǲսˣϵ棬ʽѾ᧿Σÿ¶ԷһжԵء
ǵЦԽ䣬ͷĿһˣ⣬֮ȡ֮ʱ
ͷԽԽ㣬ÿ¶ԷһιжһѪ˴򶷵ĵطѪɣ󲿷ֶͷµģֱֻ۱һǳǳ˺ۡ
Ŷû£򲻹ҲͷǴպͿ˰ɣܣӦûһ˿ġеذף˵
ʵԷǹһˣʮа˾ˣϾԷʲôޣɽڲûգҪѭġ
ͷҲԵҲܺΪһսƽʮ֮һңΣʱұһа룬ھ¥ж÷ɽֵ̬ܵȣ˵һˣлһĳġ
еĵͻȻ֮ǰ˼֣âǡ
ƴˡͷҲһȣ߾ȫӲһȻû˿ȡ֮ơ
ףǰɣܹͻơһͷĿˡ
ͷסһ֮һ˵Ĺ죬ֱ۶ᱻ
пϲһߣֱȴоһĪΣա
ͻˡͷͻȻЦԭ԰׵ɫҲ𽥺
ڣһ̡ͷ죬ʱȴǿЦ˵
ߡȵĹϡ
ͷ֮󣬵ھӯһϣȴȻǲҪĴ򷨣Ƶæֵߵĳ
˫Ȼƽ֣ͷոսھ棬Ȼ˰벽
ҲͷһԾԾɡ
ΧɱҪŹ
Ｘͬʱжһ˷ӿΧͷ
ͷЦųɱȥʱͻȻ˴ӽֱߵԾǵʵͷҲ˶٣ֻһ棬Ұ·׷ױ̵
ս֮Ƴȥ
ͷʼͻΧɱڵӣ˲顣
۴Уȴֻʮǰȥ׷ϣϾԷʵǿȫ׷ȥҲһǶ֣ذдӳ顣
÷ɽֵܿĴסˣȴ׷¶ϲɫ
˷ۣͷһ̫֮ˡԿ϶ǣͷȻǼƻ˵ģĿȻ֮ͨս
֮սȷʵʵкܴĺôͻһֱ޷ͻƵƿַȷʵа룬ԺԼƿҲַ


65 
磬ͷķãҲַͻƣǿĺܰɣţЦȴ˷ܵĹʡ
һ߶ԣǿȻ׷ҪĿ꣬ʵʵͨɱǺ߸һЩ
Ҳ۾ַȻðգȴֵһԡ
Ǻǣ֧ǡھжˣ㿴ǸûأУǸСүأҪʦˡЦҰ治֪ôȻɱһ
ʣµļȻŽֵͷˣ˶һӻ𣬶үһʾ˶˵µĿ꣬׽סҲЩܹһѩг衣
ߣͷһģȻڴ˿֣ϿһӻŶ¥ļ˺
÷ɽֵһ󾪣Ͼ֪˶ԷʵԼȫ֮ȥ
磬˵֧ҵģڻˣȥսȥţЦ
ҲܹûңҲȥҲԾԾԡ
ðɣǶȥɣšҡͷЦ
үүˡţ¥Ծ£ɫ糣ЦĿЩڡ
һɫĳȹŮ·Ʈݶ£ţվһ
ߣһ¥ʣµļˣһ꣬÷ɽֵܣһҲû
ʵǿһˡɱǣҲ˽뵽
ϸʱʱһŮӵĳĺ崿ʱпϲ
ʲôˣзųа⣬۾ȴ޼ɵĶࡣ
ţбһס࣬ٺЦүүţϻ˵ɣүүսһɣ
ţƺмӦսɢƣƱȸղͷǿ˲٣ţϾķʵһġ
һţͷһｻңǸŮӣסŪˡ
ţһֱȥķϻսһ
Цıƽ࣬һнһĹƳ˾ȥ
ţֺ
СҲ
÷ɽֵһ˷ܵ۵
ĬĬı˫ۣתֻɢһʶ۲˵ս
ԴһͻƺתѾһƿ׶ΣһһУھȴ΢΢ٶȣӰ˼߽˼ж߿Ҫʱ䡣
ܹͻƣҲٶȾˣһܹﵽ˼߶֮ˣ츳ˣ˼ԺҪͻһΣϼѡ
ڶ¥µսôģǶ˵ʵ㲻ܹʤԷǼְʱȴǺġ
ţŨҵս⣬һѴܲ͸磬ǿսʹ£ˣղͷһս˲ھţսȻв֮ơ
һ˶ս弶֣Ҳս˸ƽ֮ơ
÷ɽֵܼ˹ۿ˵սĵȴǲ٣ۿֶսǵʵԵĺôֺôҲ˵÷ɽֵҲҲʮҲ20꣬ʵǱвٵġ
վ˫Ŀ΢գ΢΢޵ĸֳһ˿Ц⣬ƺ·ս޶á
÷ɽֵܾȵĿһֱΪĳеүԲܹΪ֮ףǸţĸֲŻƺ硣
ڼĿһޱȣȴ֪ڹ
оŭû뵽ţȸղǸͷѲԼھ̫һʱȻȫ·硣
һ߱һ弶ߴˣֱߵĳ裬ֱҪˣʽӷ񣬾ȻѧͷҪĴ򷨡
ţЦȻʽȻ䣬϶ǻ᳷С
ֲҪĴ򷨣ʵ˵ɱ˵ˣԼҲˣ
Ҫˣû뵽ԷҲǲˣԼαУԷ϶ԼƴȵԼæҡ
ΧɱǶˣ֪ʱüƥ֮£˵Ҫܸ弶ˡ
ټ
һӦ£̱γ˶ΧȦΧס
ԼͬʱֵʮߣЦԷڲҪʮΧ֮£ֻҪ󲿷ھʱǿ֮ĩ
ĺãţսŨΧߴ弶ߣڣڶУȴûһڵģţҪη塣
ûھ׼һʱһɱţ
ҲһȺսһҲͻ弶жʵˣΧȴֻ弶ߣĶǼ͵ߡ
Ƭ̹ʮˣԶĵˡ
ŭӽսȦھָٺ˰ģţѹϾھһ֣ʵһ֣˳£Ѿȫ·硣


66 
ˢţϱһѪɡ
Ƥ΢΢һ£еСһͣȴûг֡
ģֻŻӼǱס˳ֵĳ嶯
ţһŭ𣬵ϵâǣ첲ϵʹ̼
һҺһ弶߱һؿðһѪ˫۽ʧȥɡ
ŭûһţϡ
ţμˣȴûȫסĹ
һᣬţɱһΧ֮ˡ
÷ɽֵܾϴ̲סһۣ˴¥Ծ¡
˸ոԾ£ʮӭϣЩ˴ս
ףԷԮˡͻȻ˫ۣ۾ȥ
Χȫһʮ߸
ţͻȻ˷ܵĴھ֮սʵͻˣһٴﵽߵʵ
ţ弶۷ʱҲˣ㲻һ֮սͻҲֻ顣
ϳ߶Լͻԭо磬ֱǵԼĹߣ谡һԵĳ衣
εʱҲˣȴһֱˣսиûзſҲΪηηţȻʧȥ˽Ĵûᡣ
ţһٽдϲڵھԴԴʵ£Ȼһ֮ɱһȺ˶ľս
ıţһĺھ̫ˣţ½ߵĶ֣ҧгݣܹɱˣţѾɱһ顣
úҲϲķֽˣڵ弶ڣʵͬɱһȺΧĺ˲ҽвϡ
û뵽Ƕ˶ͻˣܺã¶ϲ֮⣬ȻҪʱ䣬ʱȴܹʹࡣ
ʵͲͬˣܹﵽߵļɶԼҲкܶôԺϸǿߣܹӵбʵĹ˼Ҳࡣ
ʵĶ˽ЩɱĲҽвϣϼҪ޳ˣǸƣԸӡ
壬ɵƴˡү
ʲôƴˡһϱ粻Ҳ֪ƴĳ᲻Լ²
ǰ򶷵ˣס֣óһ򣬸ɱۡһֱߴ
ڳĺ˾һ㶣ʾ·׷ס֡
ţЦǺǵ࣬÷ɽֵܵ˻͡
ʮ˹
μƴ˵
ƴʲôˣа롣
ͣ˾¥ſڣмһŮӻĽҿһӢ滺˳лһŮӣҲһߴ磬Ůӷ߳
Ҳ˴ˣȴ߳꣬һǳ࿡Ρ
үӭϣ¶ĵЦ⡣
﷢ʲô飬˭ңߵ
ү̹ɵĽ˵ȻһƵ÷ɽ߽ϡ
ߣǾ÷ɽ߽ܣƸ֣ʵ
÷ɽ߽ɫ䣬ܹƽʮ֮һҲԷǲ
¿ɲˣ˵Σһɣǿ꣬뵽÷ɽ߽ϵĺδŴŵĵһվ޴롣
÷ɽ߽ܣҵ˵Сӣ÷Ҳмֽ飬㲻ǼƽϡǸᣬɣߵһмĿ
ллǰС͹÷ɽ߽ϴͷ˵漴һѸٵȥԶԶĿţ˼ۣڲһͷ˺ܿʧڽֵϡ
軪ס˾ͷǣ÷ңһĿĵأڱ˺áЦ
ǣƴҼסˡүɵһֻС
ҡҡͷ÷ɽ߽ᣬ첻£ز£ʹҲҷǵȫǲˣһõĵĹ
ƺδ˵ôֻжˣһأĪѾɱˣйһ˿֮ɫ
ƨűɱأţɲʶǰ֮ˣ
ߣɫһɱⱩǡ
ã˱ţʵҪǿ̫ˡһϾ˫ĺܽǶԷͻɱ֣
үүڴأĺúõġЦ
ڳ˶ɫ䣬ƴǳɵ֣˵жôǳţһ㽭֮ҲҪɫ䰡û뵽Ȼ˸ŭƴȫûС
ŭ̧˳ĵطȴһһ꣬ȥʮ꣬˿ȴЦԼ
ƴӳ񣬿ɴûб罫˵ˣ˿˼ĥǲнޡ
ˡ¶һĨЦݣֻһ࣬Ǳ߹Ц⡣
Ծ¥ߵߣʲôûŮڿȻĹۡ


67 
̲סЦһŭЦ
쵰ǼȻƴ˵׼ɣүȵؼʱһƨ
˼Ŀүһۣűŭˡ
Сǣʦ˴ɵˣǽҲɡЦɢƺ֮£ΨҶơ
ģҲ20꣬ʵӦ츳ɣаЦնԷƿԷ߼֡
ϧв̫࣬Ҫ֪֮ͿɣСүһɱ㣬ǿɾͲˡҡͷ̾ϢȫǱĵɫ
ڼΪŴеĸ֣Ҳ㲻ɶԷ˵̫ˣܹסǲŽˡ
ţ΢ЦĿɫƣ͵֡
ŴɣγǿÿжǸƣоżʱЩŴ֮ˣǼȻıԷʱҲ㲻ˡ
ǶҪŮ¸ŮūƷߺ޵˵һӣǰ
ô˵棬ó֣ȥǣȻơ
ˣǸ߼ߣУһжߣһߣһ߼ߡ
ƸղҲ֪ж˵ĴʵһսΣһ弶ҲһҲᳬ߼ߡ
£ԸǡЦ
˼ˣмߣеЦĳ˵Ļ󵶱㳯ȥ
жε߱ţ˸˲ֹһٶǾˣ˺һὫΪ롣
ЦվûжܣȻڰ˼ߵȴè򣬸ֵһᡣ
˶վڣȲͱҲûܵ˼󲿷˶Ϊɵˣһˡ
ףһֲĸо꣬Ȼûɢκƣȴ䣬ϵǿա
ѵǸ֣вɸ뷨
ֱӽʱźȳһͬʱһſٵֻ߳һƬâ𣬱һҺ
˵ĵͻȻˣͬʱգҽеķ˼ʮɺŵڵء
ʲôһлߡӶɳˣһ˿ţֻ߼߲ܹ顣
ڵ˼£ûվһѾˡ
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ٺ٣ǰɣǾŴˣһڿɣ򣬽ڡЦ
ţ࿴һ־ͻһߣǳݣһ޵С
Ҳһ˿־壬ղŵһԼҲؼǶԷڻû¶ϸ˭֪ʲôĸ֡߼жΣҲ߼ڡһģɣ춼ԼľС
ôֱ꣬δšĸ֣Żң𾪣г˵뷨
ƴƭˣŻӮһŹġүҪˣԼ˿ɵˣ»ɣ롣
ƴֱǶԳƣѵԺˡҲȰʱҲܹߡ
ƴѵ֪һ
ҧҧ޺޵ĿҳɵΧȻ˺ǳɵˣҽƴһҲҪúýѵ㣬֪ʲôߵغ񡣡
Ȩһ뵽ʹԷҲӦúԼ޼սǿɳܵģսһʹˣԺһسӵĻᡣ
֪ôζˣ磬ֻһȭ߱㱻ɳȥʣµһ˼ˡ
ȫ˺󣡡һŭȣȺ׷ãҲٺˡ
һӢ֣һְ䱦ϣĶסֵĸо֮ǰĲмһ̬֮
Ҳ˺һɣõңЦ
ţȻʮ㣬Ϊٻûа֮£ȻѡǸƣǸƱȻܡ
ȻһЦݣǰʵȴҲеս⣬ȻԷвԼ
ɢӴɱһ˲˷Բʮɣǿɱǵصһ±øߴ
ƴΧ˷ܵĺ
΢ЦվţƾԷɢǿƣ·Ҳ֮Ʈʱ֮УǣвûжκӰ졣


68 
д󾪣оȻеڸղų嶯ľˣԷԼѹȻ޶ԣȻʵԼʤһиǽ
ɱڶˣƮݵ
Ǻǣ΢ЦȭͷƷĽ⡣
ƽ죬ӲӲоӶ࣬ʵ٣ⲻΪ˲¶Էʵ
εԷиǿһ
˫սֻһתƵܿ죬Ʈݣ¸Ź
˼ȻҲ
һͻȻ˳ȭӰһ˲ʮȭÿһȭʮ㣬ȫʵС
һԷǱԼӲӲҧҧŭһⱩǼ֣ȭӰɱȥ
䣡һȭ˳̸Ƶʵ˶ۣ߼жΡ
Ʊһȭֻһ޷ܵĴƶʹ̣иǾ壬ʱŷֶԷԼٸһΡ
ŴΣҪϳҪܾƷӣŴɵìǲɱģֽΣ·ѶȻƲ֪Ǿ졣
֮ȭٶͻȻ˼֣Ƶˡ
ƣҪĽļաͻȻ˵ڽϣһȭٵĺ
ƿ־ˣԷԳ߼ʵ򲻿ôٶȣôǿ
ƵĽ⵲ȭͷһ촫ȻֱӺɣȭͷٶȲĳؿںȥ
ҪкˣڶԷʵȫԼĪ˵սʤ˿̾Ļᶼûһ㡣
䣡
ȭͷðâϣؿڵâ˲ɢһǿֱϮؿڡ
ʱӿѪҵʹؿڴڸƺǿɢˡ
ЦȭƵ˼˵һʱɴ۾¶־壬ţںޡ
ƵĽѾڵϣ˳ɣȻһվţ
κ˶ӣɱǡȵ
ԭƲ׼ܵ˷׷סһԭأֶ¶˿־
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ɱƴɱǳһǳǲŹġ֪˿Ҳ̲סŭóǳ⡣
ߣϲҲǳһţ˵ЦˡҹҲһɱˡЦ
ţȥѹƨƵĴ壬ûʲôöЦ
ţϲɱ˲ƣ̫˷ˡ
ԭΪˣ˭֪ȴ¶һ˿вɴϲ̱սͣҲһ˿֮ԡ
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磬ʯҵһʯţ˷ܵĳ
һʯ߲ŻõģΪλͨϡ
ǿͨʯҪСʮʯҡҡͷţҵģ͹ˡ
ţϲɲںʯСԺɣʯǱزٵģֻҪʯԵ쳣
ƱʹӵٶҲⷲ˼ܹʹãʯȴͬˣʯϡȱͨиϡԺҪѰʯԺкô롣
˭ʯУҾͿһЦʵ
һ̴ӻȡһ飬ϲĵݸ
ССûƵеʯҲ̫ˣСҲѾʣ޼ˡ
ûʯͷֶĵ
ߣ鶼Сǳģɱֶӣ򣬺ߣ
˲䣬үûü˵ҪһѾʺ
ˣ£˿ԹˡЦ
ң˴󾪣֪ΪԼ׳ʯȴҪ£գۼʧĸɸɾ
ʯʲôʵ
ӹ񣬡ʯͷǳΪ֮ʯܹһС֮ʯ书ٶȿҵ֮ʯһɽҵģͻԭеƿû֮ʯȻͣʵ
пϲʯͷԼв٣ܹʵǾͷˡ


69 
ʯͷΣŴж֮ʯ
֮ʯֻо츳˲ܹãһãûЧЧǸݸ˶ԣе츳ãͶ࣬츳ͣ١ھŴжʯͷҲֻ֪֪ٺ١˵ǰǰҪʯͷ˹Ļش
һһ˰ʱŷȥ
ԿյĽֵѰƥȥ
ºķзһĳ΢ЦĿѾʧȥʯпϲ
һֱڿջû뵽ʯȻô
ѧ츳ͷǳߣ㲻ʯʮ֮ǰﵽżʵҲȫûܡʯĽչٶȸǿĲ˼飬ķ˶ʯʵȻٴͻˡ
˼ߵ˼жߣֻ˰ʱ䣬ӽ˼ε˼жʵҲһµʱ䣬ֽٶȣֱǰ޹ˣߡ
ʯֵá˹ڵھȲһǿ˲ֹһھǶϰ˼ߣҲɱġ
ԭʯȴֽ֮ʯЧȻһҲԣԼ죬ͣʯ뷨
ʵȫʯȡЧԣһֱˣ¶Ժ鷳úùһо磬òʧ
ţҲֱʯڵھǵ츳ҲȽϺãȻô̬µʱ䣬˹Ҳ˲١ţξȫˣѾֻ΢СĲ࣬ͻ弶壬ʵ
ҲֱķһöʯϣȫȲֻʯһ㣬»һֱͻƵ߼ϡ
ϾӰ˼εжαȴ˼Ҫھࡣ
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˵ģ㰡ˣٶȵ˵ҪӣƱӶ˵θڰĳƢ𱬵µ
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һԲϣεɱ֮С·ƽεҲ֮Ѱ𣬾¥ɱҲ֮
¥֣¥ҲʵĽĿ˵һ൱𱬵ҵߵ룬˵飬ȻǰҪ˵ĺã˵̫ãɱ֮Ҳ
Ƚ˵ˣһǸ֣ʵǿԱûУһУһõĳЩˣ
ճǵû֪ǵţȻɽĪĹϵɽشҶװɣ˵ʵ
һͷ
˵żڣʱʱһָʯ壬ϴ϶ţֻ޴ӵ֪ƽһ¥үҪ¥ʱ˦Ʊ¥ϰȻŵϰص¥˵Ҫ¥еĺúȫ뿪
˵ٴ죬һһ³Ȼ൱ʣСŮʱʱҲһڣʸ⣬ߵͷǡ
ǣ˾Ȼģ¸ȻΩΩФһʱ䣬¥к֮ڶ
˴ʱͷ϶һңס˴ǺȾʱҲֻ¶͡
ͷĿһ㣬˵ı档˵ǳҪˣҲ÷ɽֵܣ´ùɣڳǵĵ̹ȻңΪ¶Щ˵˽·÷ɽֵݹϵһ㡣
Ц⽭ˮĺܣһСıɱ£÷ɽ߽ܿɣ
ţĲʱЦ˵ºܻƺ˶˵Ӣۣ˱ǧ֮ң⣬һɶ޸һƬţ˵ԼӢʱĴϲ
һ룬ͻȻͣˣ˼ھƣһߴ١
ɣһ߹ĵݸӡ


70 
ʱҲ׷׽ңҪӸʲô
ӣ߲¶ЦݣŮż
Ҳɱˣ߽Ĳǵ췢飬֮Ҳˣ磬ƴԳӰ죬ү󣬼ŭԼ÷ɽֵܻȥٵİд
ףû뵽÷ɽֵܾס򡣡پɺϡ
ƽСҲмͥܣЩȴǳĸɡ
÷ɽֵڰֻвֳ˴£÷ɽɱżΧ˵Ŀǰֵúס
÷ɽһֱǶ֮һʵ˵Ƕǿģ˳ɣҪԸЩѾ÷ɽˡ
һ㶣û뵽÷ɽֵܻǸ÷ɽһָ֣֮֮ҪԸһжԷеġ
ŮһһͣЩߵȫһɴ۾䣬Ŷˡ
λⳡսǰſʼģϢ÷ɽѾɽˮĵزһЩСȫΧ÷ɽɡ÷ɽ֪˲õˣƴϣ˳Χ÷ɽ֮ܲλ˭Ҫ÷ɽеԨԴڱǰ÷ɽɵʱôŴұҸٴ˵㲻
÷ɽɣǾð볤ΪеΣգ÷ɽû׽ϵû˻ðաǣĳ̶ȲͬΧս͵͵Ӧ÷ɽͻΧˣЩǱİ
Ů˵ӣתŶȥֻʣ¾¥еĽʿ۷׷ס
÷ɽɵҶж÷ɽѣҲܹܡһŵҴ׷ȥ
÷ɽɵĵ̣ôҪ÷ɽɣǵƽӣУҵȥһ߱˳ȥ
һᣬѾȥһ룬¥ԵеտˣҲû˵ʱ֡
ϴҲȥɣţѹɤ
£÷ɽ߽Ҳûʲô飬ԷԼ˵ۣȻ˳ȥǼҲǼ¡
Щߣ˲ţһ·˵Ц
ûгɵ⣬ЩɸΧ÷ɽү˵Ϊ˰÷ɽɣҽúǰʲôĿأ
лǱȽɻģһ뵽ЩֻǲСɣҲڰ˼£ڵʵǸηġ
ǰһɽ壬ɽ岢ߣֻмɸߣɽѾˣߣ÷ɽɵආ
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һһؿڱƣ÷ɽɽꡣ
ɽ¾Ȼ֮ڣԷɢ÷ɽЩΧɵ±ɳ˶ˣҲǧ֮ڡ
ЩɵӼһǽɽԶԶĻЩʮվ
Ͻɽ߼ôɱۡЩǲʱѵ⡣
˽Ľӽˣʱ߸࣬߼ȴ൱ϡ٣żŻһĽԾȺɽϱȥ
úڶ࣬ﶼǿʵЩȻܴȴҲ׵߼ߣжѵм߼ߣ׵߼ߣֻɸҲԶˡ
ߣһץҵ֣һԾȥЦ˻ֻߣ߼߻һ㣬ûһѣԾЩɵʮɵǽ
ͻȻԾӰڿлĻߣһƬѾԽרΪ߼ߵǽ
λǰ룡дİڷӦ൱죬̹
߼ߣȥüˣһҲųһ±ؿڵĸŵ亹ð
ЩɳԱЩߣһˣһ˲λ߼ߵϢˣͬʱҲ˷ˡ
һο߼ߣǺܶһӶĹ⾰Ͼ֮ڶ࣬߼ȴϡȱġ
ɽȻȽ˿Իң˶ͷɫңȫסͣ˸
ɽδǱһڣʱдˡ
ԽߣϵʬԽˣҲʬ÷ɽɵģҲɣ˵ⳡսĲҡ
ԼĪʱߵ˴Աߣ⼸ǧ˱÷ɽһؿľӢӣʱ˫ݱץʱϢ
ԶԶ÷ɽɵӵǱʱûκԮΨأɽµڰȴǲΧ֮£ʤѾֳֻʱ⡣һؿɽ·նѹЩһʱ޲ߣȴֲ̫ĵ
λϷǧλͰ죬λɴҼһͷЦǺǵǰܵ


71 
߼ߣЩ֮Ҳҵһ߼ȵһɻҪѲ춼΢Ц˵ͷ
Ǻǣʧλҵֵܡ΢ЦŽ¶Ŀ
ߵ߼ϵư˲ʧһĺ˼һ롣
ϴǵɴ۾ô죬ˣڽ˵ˡ
ԭλҵȾһλȻ꿡ŰЦ
ףи֣˼жߵĸӦųʶ̷Χ
⼸ǧУȻ߼ߵĴڣ÷ɽɹؿ֮ڣǿϢм˲Լ
вã⼸ܣɴڰ֣һԲ˵Ǽ߼ߡ
߼ߵĴ治˶οãһԸв輸ˮ֮Ʒ
ɢһ˵ĺ⣬ֱʣȻһγô֣÷ɽⳡϷ¾ս֮ҲǼٵİɣ˵ףջǺųƾŴ֮һĳɵ⡣
ŭˣһսǧˣΪϷҲ̫ˣΪԼôбҪô
Щɼֱǻ£ԴڣٶŭһΣɲŭ
ߣɵô߼߲ȥŪƺƴѵΪһ᲻֪ߣȴǲɫ
ǧһۣ֮һ˿ڵϲɫĴ㣬³ɺ󣬶˽õ޴Ľ
ֵǣ÷ɽǿ֮ĩҼӰѾ֮ǰһؿһٹ¡һƴ˹ؿڵģؽһɱһ÷ɽɺĵӣؽһǧǧ緢ĺ
ͰֵǣǶǺöɣҰɵ棬ŬɱУŵ⣬ӺͰսֵܣϷ͡Ҳʾ˵
һԱʿǣһ۾ǰЩɵӵѾǼ֣һսǮŮ˲ȫ֡
һ˿Цݣȴŭ죬浱ԼǵıȻڴ㣬ߵǣһĴ۽ǧ
ЩУֵǮֻҪܹĿģһҲνУЩĲ׵ģ̫ˡ
ɱɱɱɱĺɱֱǧ˷ܵĿš
÷ɽɵֵǣסؿڣκθҳˣɱ⣬ɱɱ˲
ؿ֮÷ɽɵҲһʱ˫ʿǸǡ
Աߵ߼Ҳɫ΢䣬ô˵ɱҲЩ𺳡
ţɴ۾͵͵һѾͬ÷ɽɵˣΪ÷ɽ߽ܣ÷ɽɾҪˣʵֵ̫ͬˡ
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ʶһֱעЩ߼ߣԽŭԾһȦףһ˵Ȧףаɣôа˼ϸ֡
е뿪ʲôҲˣȻҪϷǾݸԼ¡
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ɰĵĺɣǼǰ
λɱ޹أȸˡ
λҵҲˣڡ
߼߷׷׸ǣΪĵǾ쵽Σ쵽ı̸
֪÷ɽ֮˺Ȼɱ˳ɵƴЩôҶ÷ɽɶأ
սѾʼˣɱ죬˫ӶɱĺۣСɽ£ÿǰһҪʮڵ
սѾɽЩͨڣǸɵľӢӣ÷ɽŵش˵أҲͬء
ѵʲôˣɣǲûµ˵ս浶ʵǹΪһսɳ˵ˣҲҪʧǧӣô֣ǧе㼱֣꣬ȥѾ÷ɽֵܡ
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жⳤѾŭɽߣ⼸ͬ
Զ˵˼䣬ɫ䣬Ҳŭ졣
ס֣վȵͣǶȴѾˡ
ͣͬʱ˫´ͣսǧİ˵һԻ󲻽⡣
ǧ죬˹һ£Ҫ̡ڵ
ǧһۣϲΪΪ÷ɽɳͷ»


72 
Ҳ¶ϲɫգۣʾ˹ȥ
Ǻǣ֪к̣ǧЦʵ
֪ǰľɱƴһ֮ɫ
ѵǿ֣Ϊ÷ɽɳͷģʵ
ٺ٣ǣ÷ɽƨ¡ٺЦ
Ųһ㶣
ΪǧһݣֲõԤС
ȡ˹
δ䣬Ѿˣ˫ͬʱӥץСĽץȥ
˴󺧵ĺˣٶȴ
ߣٶߵſԱģ˫˲ӣ΢һ˱оһᣬȫʧˡ
˸߸߾ЦϼһϷݵĲ
иֻòԽԽʹ
ס֣Ͱ֮ͻȻǰΧס
°ȻĲǣǧѸٵĸı䷽λȫΧȴûһ˸ж
ţ㽫ӣЩڻ˶ԩЦ
ţ˵ǰι÷ɽɱһϷĿΪˣ÷ɽɰҲ˳ָʹǸڻҡ
ţ˵Χİ۷׷ףһŭ⣬ƾ˭ڻң鶼ܡ
ֱȴûΧЩں֤ܿʵţ˵Ļ
Ƕˣ뿪ǰɣҲᣬɣ˫΢һһɫϮǲУһըнʧȥɡ
ɣ˵ʬӳ
߼߲һ˿⣬Ķˣһȫ֮⣬û뵽ǰʶƳķѿĵĲáȥĶڳԣСɫ۶գһ¡
֮ˣѸٹɽҲѪϴ÷ɽ緢ĸȵԶʹɽҲܹ
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ǺǣλλָλʶλҰйŷЦ˵
˴εĿΪǣȻ˿ıδܣϳ˼
һʵǳǿͶǰ˼ߣжˣԼоԼ£ж˵ʵоֻǾñԼʵҪǿ
ѹֹ˴̣ԭ˼ڴ˵ȺѹôġЦ
˼ߣţһۣоɲҲǰ˼ߣһ¶ԷˣζŲǶ֡
λ÷ɽţڴ˴ҪҪɱƾáЦ
÷ɽһֵͺߣʱѾŵɫҪǰ˵ֻҪɺ飬ǾͷŹ÷ɽɣΪγλ
ߣˣ鲢ûɡȻŶɱˣǷǳʹ㣬ҲҪˡߵһŽߵǰ
͸ɱѾ޷޳ⳤ·ˡ
ҪҪɱţҪɱɱҰɣǳĻ£е÷ɽֵܵϴͻȻڵأҲͬʱڿ
ͷǳҲйأ˵Ҹɱ鲻ɣÿһۡ


73 
ȵ÷ɽžĴ߹
ǳйΣѵΪɱһƣͿս𣿡չһʮˣĿڵ
԰꣡߰һۣ̲ڿȴǲ
ǺǣλǰһУϣܹλǰĹһʹȻȥǳţˣȷʵеϧܹȻѾˣǳӦǰλʵҰгѶܿλˡϷֱԣλܹҳǰ;һƬλԵãλϿλӣԺǰ;ǲҳгϵλǷǳߣڰ֮λķ֮һγǣ1000ĴСɣгȨɴĺܡٴ˵üɫ֮£ΪĻƽ˼ɫʡ
λܹҳ⹩ְ֮λ֮ʱգ֮λǳ֮λҲڲԶλᣬܹҰǱٻһӲһҲȰ
֪һ£ҷԼⳤȷʵһȴҪа룬ܹⳤñ˴٣ܹΪﳤϣñǷ
ǲȰˣǲ볤ġţͻȻ˵Ȼ˼Ȼȥݵٻ
ͬΪıǵ־ڴˣλͱ˼ˡҲɫˮ˵
Цˣҡҡͷȴû˵
ƺԤϣ꣬ȴеסˣһŭˡ
أ
ǺǣֵǵҵǻʲôֶξʹóɣĶЧġЦ
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÷ɽֵһһߣҲûûܣ˺˼ʮɡ
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λֳһͽˣģһֻҪԱտ㣬СӳûˡչλЦ
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мֻʣ¶ˣϾǴССʯͷһҲƽּĸ˵ʲô
Զƽɢ˼ߵƿɷͬСɣһɢΧӿһ磬ɳʯ裬СһʯӾȻǿγɵľա
ս˶ɫأ˼߼ĶԾɢ˹⾰һǸӼҡ
ĳһ˿ɫû뵽Լ˳ѹ֮£ԷȻ治ɫȻҲ˼֣Ͻ¶ףһսԲԼ֮ǰôס
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Χ۵Ϣӣռ鱨ʵӦòᳬ˼߳Σ뺫Ӧһġ
Сӣû뵽Ҳﵽ˼ˣƱĻҪǿ󡣡Ц

ǣƽ˼֣˲ѹɢƣϵɳʯ׷׳ϯȥ
ٺ٣Ȼֻǰ˼ϣҲǰͻˣ򣬻ûһաаո󣬲ȴ¶ȫʵ
ЩɳʯڿһɴͻȻͣ£ϵЦŨˡ
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ȭóıȭƾһ˫ȭݺὭȭϵǳǿ
һϲû뵽ԷҲȭ֣²ŲæӭϺȭ
ȭȭ˲໥ʮȭ
ԽǰĶ֣Լóȭ£Էڻȭ֮ͨȭֵǣԼȭͣԷȴܹȫ¡
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74 
ȭȻʹھҪǿٶȱ죬֣ͬҲĵ֡аȴǲŲæʱȶԷȭľ衣
η򶷵ԽԽ죬˫ȭÿǿҵı
жĿ٣ܹںмôãʵҲȥ
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ȫھȭʵһд󾪡
ֶΣǰ˼жҲδܹĹ
ߣУҾܵķڷЦм˼ھ
һȭǺһԾȭĺȭâ·Ҫǰһиڵֿ
Ҳȭȭϵâȴʲô仯
΢̣ôСңҪˡ
˫ȭںһֻǣ˫ȭͷӴ֮ʱȭâͻȻǣȫ֮⡣
䣡
ȭɵʵ̫ˣǿҵıըмһܡ
˫ȭͷϺȭϵâڴ˱ǣâȻͬһ㣬ǰӿȥ
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Сһ㣬Щ˶յģǵС࿪˵
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ͻȻ¶ЦƺҲ뵽ʲôƵģ밵Ц
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΢Ц㣬èϷ㣬ŷһ񹥣Ȼ½Ҳû
ʣµĶɫ䣬ʵҲȫ͸ǿԿ϶ǣǰ˼жʵղѾ뺫ս˲ʱ䣬ΪôѸ٣ѵûһھⲻϳ
һ˼ھ޾񲻿ƾһ֮һ֧ӣ̫ˡ
ȭôҲ᣿ŷд󺧣û뵽Ȼʹ˺ĳȭ
һ˸ǾȣرǺ˿Ѿ̡
ٺ٣ղѧģˣĲãָ̡Ц
ʹȭȻ纫ǰ¯࣬ȴҲֻ࣬Ҫϰ飬ˣοʵԶ⺫֮ϣʹŷҲֻôʮ־СӦԡ
⼶һļһ򶷣ҲûʲôôսپһӦǶĶְɣ뵽ֶһھ
䣡ŷĿԼĳԷһȭɵĵּղסиӾ
ǵƲˣȭٶ͵ȭĳŷϮȥ
һȭ𿪳ڶȭֱ֮˶ֵĳȭŷ˫ȭֵ
ɣٶ˼֣͵һųԷؿȥ
թһŵٶȸ죬ŷΪǳȭû뵽һš
âǣľУŷо֡


75 
䣡Ѫŷͬ˳ȥ
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ˣŷﱻƣҲֻܹһͨˣҪ䣬ǻѾûˡ
ķҽţһڣţ໶ɽµ߸ǿĴסˣԶԶĿһŽǳĸ߷ɡ
ϵҳ󹩷ˡɫ䣬ݺݵĺ
ʣµĶһսȭͷŷ˽Ҳ㲻ζԷôţȻŭ졣
λһִһϣɱΪȥĹ𡣡ߺ
һۣԥ˶ǰ˼жθ֣һԸһͬĸ֣ƺá
λԥˣ¹ҳɵǳ֣ҽһ֮ʯһ˿ԥű޺޵ҧ˵
֮ʯǿЩ߼Ķпϲ
һһۣȻֺöܹѹե̫ԲԼˡ
ţҲųĪɣߡ
λԥˣҪϾһϣҵƷǶ˰ǵˣɣЦ
ʵҲоǺμģӦԼ࣬ǲ̵ڡ
ȥؽ֮£ֱ裬ʱ
ЦȴһҲĵĽеʯŽ˻Уһְγĳ
һ֣оԼǿս⣬ܹͬĸսѪڵĸо֮ǰûеġ
صȡҲ׷װν
˼жߵƸΧ۴սַ׷׺ʮɡ
ȥһΣһɵӿնһ߾ֵŲӣʱһɵϡ
߾Ȼź˵ĻᳯţȥȻκλᡣ
ǼͷԾ㣬ڴ֮ǰʣҳɱǡߵ
ʣ¼Ҳ춯
ѾһɵĳֽӿĴɢ
˵ѹܼУֱӽĵط֡
ѹǸ߼߾һܹס֣ȻаӮʤ
΢΢һЦеսԽǿңҲȻ϶˵ƣһҲûη෴Ǽȿһս顣
һԶ֣ͬȴû˿η壬ǿս⣬֣ʮ㣬ͨǰսʵѾжϳǾǰ˼ж߲Ρ
¶֮ɫһҲԳжǰ֣ʱӦ˲ʵϣʾȻھ۷״̬
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ɱͬʱȵѳͬʱĻߣһһҵĹ
˵ս죬˵ӰȫǱĪĽ֡
Χ֮˷׷˶䣬ʮ˫۾Ķס˵ս
һƬ˵ٶȿĲ˼飬һڿУӰһЩս֮˴񫣬ɽµһԵĶǻŽӰĹţȻܹܵ߼ߵıԣȴҲòС
˴ݱ֣ΧȴжǵʤʣµĶߵɴ۾о֣û뵽˼жεҲܹꡣ
Ƕÿ죬ٶǿı̬ţ
ţ˵ķռˣ᲻°е㵣ǣϾԷǶΧһȼĸ֡
İɣ粻ܵģʲôʱʧˡţЦοʱȻ޷ж˫ӮȴżäĿġ
߶һۣԿ˶Էеĵǣû뵽ʵȻǿزһ˶ˣȻκΰ
һжȫƾս֧ţʱҪֵֵͬĹƣҲô׵ġʺܺã⹦Ҳǧ֮ǿܹһս
иǴ󾪣ʵκһ࣬˫Ӳʱȴָоʵѷһ
ͬʱ糱ĹӦӲϾ
𽥵·磬ȴȻԼ֣Զ˵ΧֻѪڣеɱӿ֣۾𣬱ɱб
˵սΪʣ˫壬ǽϵĹâԽҡ
ֵܣǿʵӲƴҧ˵
ã˵
ֱĹƣͻȻͣԭأâͣӿҫ۵âԽǿ


76 
һԷʽӲƴ֮£Լȫơ
֮սҲô࣬ȻҪƴҪھбҲܹɱҡ
һǿھڽϡ
ͣº󣬶Χ߶֪ǿʵʼԣȸղŵĵ⽣Ӱհٱ
ɱһŭ𣬳ǰ
ɱͬʱͺȣѳͬʱĳ
ʵս˶ȴǵ˼ޡ
䣡⽻֯һֻһɴӿ̲סʮಽվΡ
ϲֵȻ٣սԷذɡ
ս޵սܵΣֳֻԽԼĸսԺͻƲŻкôһеѪ̷ϡ
һΣɲֱĻˣһӶһ˲仮
ֻ֮ھĵ߰˰ˣҪ˳죬ܹǿֹסƣĵھȴǺܴ
ͬʱ¶Ц⣬Ҳ˲ھȴԶԶûһĵĶ࣬ȥܹӮǾͿ鶹ײˡ
ʣµĶ߷ЦһҲǿ֮ĩذɡ
ߣĹңûţһͬʱȡһʯС
˫ɱԽЦԽŨʯֱǴ߻ĵľ޴ھȻ˲Ͳ˻ˣ֮ǰھΪǿ
Ҳװھ֧ӣż˼Ƕ˴ϲԽƴ
һսȻս˼ʱ˫ıը˷ÿһӲƴʯƾ죬ȫƣԷȴΪη޷ǰ֮ˣ˵ٶɱǸӲˡ
ھѸٵţѾĵųʱ˾ˣΪճ˵ԷӦĵĸΪ
ЦŵֵȴͻȻͣˡ
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ͻȻȡһʯͷС
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ȴ֪֮ʯǼΪ֮һ鼦С֮ʯᱻΪݣܹӵһ֮ʯҲܲˡ
˲԰׵ɫ΢ظһЩڵھѸٵĻָһɲֹеʹĿɫԽ֮ʯȻͬʱ֮ʯŻ˻С
ЦĿŶ˵ĶԼǿ˹µĲ԰ףĿȻö˾ԼѾھľ޴
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ҪɱңҳﲻŹģҵĴǳĳϣżߵʵҪǸҶңһĺܲҵģ㣬ȫҪһƵ£ܱǵġߣҡ״вġ
ǰɣεⶼ´ģǶ޹ذɱǶ˶ԳҲӰ죬ôȥҳЩϱȥһҲĵ
쵰㵱ǰ׳հǰɳ϶ôżߣȥƨĳ𡣡ţһš
зɿţųƾŴ֮һʵȻСӣԼѾĻҲֻɱдʯĿܻԼ


77 
żĳϣȫǿɱԼĴڣǹҲһĹǶԷѰ˵ĴǷǳΣա
жٳϣжپż֣ʵʵ
ǰܣˣԸŹҵ
žǳ߻˵꣬һŽ߷ɳȥʱȻ
˵ߵ
еͳжʮżϣлж٣ҾͲ֪ˡ߾ֵ˵
Ƶĺٶżϣ⣬Ҳ̫ˣԭΪԼˣǳô೤ϣԿɱԼǧϡ
ţвɾ⣬ֲ̫ˣ볤Ϊ𣬼ֱѰ
˵ı飬һ˿ɫڵ˼߸࣬ٶһǧϣ˰ٶÿﵽ˰˼ʵлвٸ֣ԶҲġλ˻⣬Ƕ˵Ըð࣬λܹҳгһһġ
ǰԸλǼҳɱ֮£ҲһʹߵڵصҲĵı֤
ʦԼ˵ǳΪⳤֻһɣŴɼʵǿֲ꣬ǾƷһ֮þŴľսţ𺳡
һǿҵΣдӿ֣µ鷳ͱ죬ѹЩаɶԳ˿Υⳤʵ̫ǿˡ
÷ɽֵܣǱɵˣǼΪԵʣѾΪ˳ĳˣⳤҪǱˣǾͱɡ
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һ˶ڸУһ˵Ĵ磬Ϊ٣ڸ¥һｭ֮˴ţȾƣҲȤ
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չգʮˣʯ£ʵͻ˰˼жΣһԾΪ˼۷壬ң̤̫ãоԼúӦûٴͻơ
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ⳤסôҲ鷳ѵˡƱѰ˼


78 
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һƣţ⣬ӼϺõĲȣƣĸӷ賤ҲһˣȥһӢߡ
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ŶԷʵȴںòһսϾ˫̫ˣ˼۷;żοɸŲСʵ
ξһϣֻôԸأѲ´λɶɣһҲûо⡣
ܳҡҡͷ꣬ǲ֪ô㣬ӵɵȥˣαصءȻ˸ţѵһ鲻㲻ɡˣʲôԿ˵ɣʲôôңһˣתԵġ
һԣһ֪оķ˰ʱ
ܳеѾΪһˣżϰ˼ǲܹʤǾ̫ˡ
ӿս⣬ܾû͸ֽսˣ˵Ǹûᡣ
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䣡˫ȭӭϣһɾҵıը
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ܳϳȭ䣬ɻĶ֪ôô֡
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ʲôܳϲŵĿھӯȭͷȻѪˣö͸ԼؿڣʧĸоѸٴ
Ҫ
ҪΰԺɣԥ̧ǹڣ׼ͷ­ܳżصˤڵء


79 
ߣקĸƵģû뵽ɣĿ˵ѸٵķĿڴҳһƷʻʯƱǸмȻС
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ɱҪףնҪɲκ֤ݣԺϳľżߣɾκˡ
벻һϾȻôһʯѵÿ϶ʯɣǷˣʯĺܡѰ˼š
ȷ˳ɲŹԼһ㣬֮ڣϮڼӵפأƱ˲٣ʯȴֻмС飬̫ˣܱûкá
ˣҲ֪ôţ֮·˳ɣӵáңΪŰ˼۷壬żΣҪﵽż۷壬Ҫ갡еơ
һͺ߿еţܲüͷԽ
ôܣһʱ䣬ҳﾹȻ˼ʮԷʲôͷͺһ˿־塣
꼻⸽ʮһ빩ⶾ֣ѱѰһǵúú׼һͺа롣
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ˣߣڽĺЦ
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80 
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ͺûưд󾪣ûЩ˰æԼһɱǵĶ֡
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㣬㡭Ǹʲôηǰֻ꣬Ѹٵʧ

ΧڶڣԹԵЦЦдߵİ
ԭͷһնȻʲôģǺЦ汻߶Цˣɶ࿴ۡ
Ȼɱ˵ģȻΪȲİɣߵ
СںڰеĳﳤŭˣͿƲڵɱǡ
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ǺǣƨѾˣǾͳһ㡣Сү鲻һ·֪ԸⲻЦûһɱ˵ģ
ͺҲǸ˼жߣɱѣھżߵʵʹɱҲԼʵûʲô
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Ƴϣͺгʱסˣһµ߲ǻƳ˭
ѵǲݺңͺߺܿ׹ŭ죬ԷǳﳤϣȴҺǳ⡣
׳ͺͷҲɱԭ򡣿㲻ⳤ﹩ģֻɱ㣬Ϊϧ㱻ˣΪǮǿɱЦ
ߣӣҾһսƳٶȺܿ죬ת۱㵽˾ʮ֮ڡ
ҿԳȫ㣡ƳϣԼҲǾżߣⲻ⡣
˽֮ʣͺͻȻе
ңԸ׷һţͺȨһ˾
ƼֶɱԼԺɣϾпܱɱˣӳȥϰæԼһ˿ҲԼΨһ
󵨣治ͽư˫Բɣŭȵ
СӣǻĲͷˣƳЦ˵Ļôɱûκι˼ɡ
һ˼ͷȻ̰Լʵ֮£ҲʵҲ͵ո֣ƺҲûʲô
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˭ҲߣǱɡƳһӻҲڲزסƣ񱩵ƴŨŨɱ⡣
ż߾˲ôаϲƳҲǾżΣԼһεġ
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81 
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ͺ亹аҲѣղŲѡ˳类ɱˡ뵽ܹʮľżߣγǴй飬һϲ
ŸʲôǿߣİڶǾǼܷȥҲǵˡ
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ϲΪγǵһšƳͻȻƣһЦ
ףôˣղŲҪɱ𣿡ĵ
ᣬһжᡣԽԽˣ֪ѾǾżߣǾԲ˵ĻһжĴڸǸˡƳϱȭͰޱȡ
׻˵ЦˡҲˣ׼һսɱʯӣ˭֪ԷģеսҲŵӰ١
㲻౸þƣҶ˳һ񲻱ɱɱҪõĶࡣƳЦ
ưסˣܿ㷴Ӧ¼׼Ʋˡ
ʲôıˣͲæ˰ҹˣȾҲҲƳʲôı
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¹£ƣ֮ûƼֶ̾
ϷԳﳤ룬ǰɣгݣǰһʹӴԺĪȨǮˣһУҪоУƳջ
ĻƵķϣһңǾͱ飡˵ЦŴ̤ȥ
塣ưֹ
ˣ߰ɣ14ľżߣḻɱ¾ߣңĶ֣ܹѾˡ쿪ʼұչǱޣﵽżжϣĲأƳϿıӰзһ˿
뿪ԶԶı㿴ںڰеӰӣԭѾغʱˡ
ˬżɶŵ㣬˶ɻ󣬲ǻƳսôôơ
ˡƳôˣϹϾ˵
˵ز˵ĵطҸط˵Ц
Ѱ˸ƫƧĴׯ˼ͷסºЦŸ˽ǵɻ
ǧ򲻿ɵİʮľżߣѹǻƳ϶ģʧ̫ˣϱ»вٺôɣú󣬳һжġǵѳ˳ɣӴԺҲͺһϵˣúı㣬»ܲҡ
һɴ۾ͣżߣʮľżߣǸҲ廰
ǣȻСĵģıֻôҲʲôݽɫɱЦ
οɴˣһ᲻ϧһдۻɱǸưҲܷŹĲԣǰ볤ַˣɱһЩﶥɳһЩϳ׷ɱɣʮľżߵϢй¶ˣɲ롣ǻƳϿûа㣬ֲ֪浽ʲôƻԲл֮ơգһһδж϶̾Ϣ
Ҳһȷʵûⷽ⣬ȻǾȶˡ
ϢѾй¶ˣɱȥҲ޲أ͵͸ˣ鷳һɱһɱһ˫Ҳô۸ġˣҳȥγǽǰҲնɱˡŵ˵޲͸һɰ
һϲܹǿʵǱǷǳõģţʵǷսżߣ

ûжپżߣûż߳жεĲࣿ˵ż߳εҲ򲻹һżжεġϾż۷ߣʮżҲһǶ֡ʵȻϢȥˣԻ֣һĳϱȻǾżжϵģɳż۷ߡʣʱô죿ʮżΧסָô죿ĵȰʵԷô֣ı
а̾˼ܣԷɳ֣ȷʵ鷳ҲԽǡ
˻ʱ㴫һ󾪿ֵĽ
ʲôһ˳ȥ
ɱҶӡһͷڵϣ


82 
ǸͷׯĴǸߴĳһ꣬һϣڰУ˵۾ɵԽԽ
һ飬ûУּһ
ҪɳƵĽе
峤֪ҪҵˣסڰƼأһֺĺӼ
ȥ˴·ȥ峤ϲ
ˣǴȥҶӰɣ峤˵ǰ书ɲ⣬ȫҲĶ֡
ߣղŸҶҳԲѷͲҪˡ
һ꣬۾סˣʹţͷ˳ӿŨŨѪ
ֻҪĸˣȫ塣Ц
峤бʹ֣Ŷӵʬ壬ᣬȴҵⳤߡ
ԶԶǳߣһʵ̫ˣԷش⣬ȴȻɱˡ
ȫӹǴ·ˣѾˡߴЦ
үԷôһǸ֣ǿӰɣߣҲӡ
ģһͲˬ˭һɱа롣
˫ǰߣֱʮҡ
û뵽СӹȻôᣬ㣬ǷԸΪʦӽ似֤ߺܿ졣߼ȻЦ
ǳʮ֮һ˵Ѿﵽ˾ż߶塣Сֹд󾪣һαˡ
Ͽ䣬̺˼ɣżߣǺԼһģԷɱԼɱҲǿԵġ
Сӣôţ㵱ͽܵģԸ⣬Ժ˭ҲҶ㣬ʦ㡣ЦԽԽϲ
̫󣬲ôˣǴӦɣ̾
ߣǾͽȻңǾɣŭ
ĳˣĳǰȥһ촫屻ʮɡ
ѾĿȴԼȻûбɱ۾Լһ
ÿ˺һɵһɫֵĵˣĿ
һ֣֪ûС޵³һѪⳤߵʵ̫ǿˣķɵԼȫӲסȻԷûоȫ֣Ͳֹôˡ
ףСӣаȻܹסӶɹһʱգǻˣ߾ȻЦе̾
ģӵֶˣ⾹ȻֻɹʮɹǱȫɱޱȣȥĸ࣬ҡͷ
ȻСӾǾĹСӣʦͷʦɣԺٲĺô΢Ц˵
ׯеһŵĴҳֻҸźԶĹЩߵļȫǵ
һ˲ͳػǹлǲҴ⣬ȡ߸
һϵ׼΢˵ģȵԷʱĩա
˺ʮɣͷͽˡĴǡ
ĹգۼڶԷ֣֮־ŭȻͶӶɳˡ
㹻Զһ˿ȫװ֮£޾Ҳܹ͸ػǹӵ߶ܹɱػǹӵҪԸһż۷ߣԼеɱţĸо
ȴ֪һװ磬ȴǰЦѣϵҲų²ԽԽǾСӹ龫֡
14ľżߣ治֪СģΪԼĵӣǲʮ꣬γǵҪˡ
뵽ӵʵĵӣԽ˷ܣϽЩΣСӣʲôԸԸҵĵӣ
ǳ߲дϲ΢Цǰɣеǹȴһֱ׼ŶԷϣҲǲܣ֤ʵǲʦġ
߹ЦȻˣСӻ治һԲʶԼǿʵǲĵͽܵġ
Ӹղһ˲ɱˣȻͷֻ2ɲʵӦǵĲ˰ɣ֪֤أЦ
ղǲ㣬˵ֻ2ʵأҸ㣬ֻ˰ʵֻԣվԭزһУҾͰΪʦߵ
ʱϸעеڣǰǸӣƸջӣôһ˿֮С
ã˵ҾͽһССӣżߵʵҾǰʮУжԣʲôֶΣʹɣͷ˵ȴǰϲ׼Լʵ۷
кٺֱЦǳûγҲ𽥵ͬڿˣΪСһģӳһ


83 
͵ǳҲһΪҪߣֻð̣зǰɣľԽˡ
Сȵ
䣡
ػǹͻȻӵӵǹб㷢ػһĻԲ˼ٶֱǳߡ
ã۶һ˲䣬Ѿ쵽һǿҵΣΪżߵʵֱЩͼ߻Ҫ
Ǻ֮ǰеĵѾˡ
飡
ͬ˹Ƶģⳤ߹ȻмͣǰǹȻȫĴ󵶵סˣգۼ䣬ߵĴ󵶱㱻һؽصƬ
ǳ߷Ӧ죬Ѿ֮ˣʱ򣬳Ļ˼ǰԼμˣֵӵ
ŨˣĽȫС
䣡˿ͣЪеػǹ׷ǳɨ䣬ǳʵǿ󣬿ִδʶǿҲֻж֮޽֮
оĪʱûʱ룬ֻܹƴ㣬ԴܿԷЩİ
֮Уֻ۾ʹܣǱ۾ȫӵĹ
һǿı̬ɱưػǹӵ޵ģδӵ࣬Ҳֻʣ󼸴ӵˡ
ػǹˣ񵯣һܹĹԥĽػǹ
䣡һ촫д󾪣ֻöĤ챻ˡ
ǿ÷գȫð⣬зŭĺ
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⣬⵽ô£ôǿıϲӵı
ǳǸǼ£ұ£ȴȻΪⳤѾɱΪǱˡҡͷЦ
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ߣоԺȥʬ
ЦһڵԾȥ
վڿ温Ǳըõĳ볤ϣҲɫԹԣż۷峤ϹȻǿı̬Ҳûбըķǡ
Ѫ泯죬ѾʧӰ٣ؿȽϴ˿ڣѪϼӵףʱ㻹ûҲˡ
ͷ֪㻹ûװˡղƶˣ㻹޷ʦĵЦ
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áӵͬʱҲˡ
ͻȻзų⣬˵һɵķ
ǰɣһôôǿӵըϸ첲ôкƣԼղû¿ӣǾͲˡ
˵ĳ볤ϣʵѾǰֻǰʵ
ķɵεľٽֵ˲䣬ǳ߾ȻԾӣ˳ȥ
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ݣ֪͵ϮҲŲˣеĴ󵶺ݺݵĳȥ
ɵǿѪȻѾס˷ɵǳߵĴҲѾ
ѵҪ𣬲Ҳܹ
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֮Ǵ󵶾ͻԼɲֽڣִߣڵײ˲䣬Ǵϵͬڵ㳯Զȥ
һ˳볤ϵĺ֮У볤ƺһ۾ȴĶסԽŭȻˣ⻹һ
ûɱ볤Ȼģɢ𣡡


84 
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΢΢ͬͶǹ㽫Ͷڿзе
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һУ˵̫ʵֻɲǼ䷢
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໣˫ȭͬʱų⣬ҪͷѾ޷룬˫ȭͬʱǴ󵶡
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һҽдֻȭͷʹޱȣղŵһѻʯֻǸı˴󵶵Ĺ켣Ȼ޷赲Լ塣
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䣡ֻһ־ʹĵڵϡ
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ˣˣҪ˯ˡ˫Ƥڴܣǰľ･
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ţһϱӵֵܴ֣֪ԺôϣԺŬУúñ࡭
˵ˣãٹȻͬˡɣ۾ᣬͬڿԼĺӡ
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㲻ܹܹʦ㸸ĸ֮İˣֵܣǶڵ㡣
㲻ܹɽ֮л졣
ԭ԰׵ɫ΢΢鴤һ£һУӷͻȻͳһ󴦡
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ʱһݺݵĲĴһʹѨ뼸ȫ롣
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һ۱㿴е룬ʹеңȡʹ
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Цҡͷһ̫ˣǾż۷ĳϣһʱӳⵯѸܣѾһ٣ֵز
壬ˣķǳǸˣϿûɣӵ˴ϣȫ˱ϡ۾˵
͵һͻȻǰ˵ﻰвɱ֮־ȵңѾģһԶ׷ҳԼһСĽе̰Ȼ˶ģһصġҲҪһ顣


85 
һͻû뵽˵㻰вɸж֣˾£벻ˣ׳Լˡ
壬Ժͽɣ˵ز˾֮Ǳ㶯·ĿǰҪܹѸ뿪ĵ̡侲򶨵˵
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ãˡдвһʱȡػǹǹ׼˶⡣
Իģ˴ҡڵ˽ˣ˿Ծš
磬ͨϵ𣿹ֵܽҪˣǵϢǼֵһĺӴЦ
Ҳˣһ꣬һͷǸɴǣǽᷭϼֵһˡ
ԭŵǰˣʵļԺԲƣͼߵʵǾȻҲԼˣȫѰ·
ȴǲ˿ɣ˼ߵֻܹԼоʵСȴҹСƣԷǾż߹εģȫͬˡ
϶ӣȰϵģСˣð󣡡
¸£ǻ־ܣŽеϴЦ
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һӵļһŵĻɢ
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Сһɵˣ֪߼ˣӣҲ֪Ҳ
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һҲõڣȻ򱬣ˣһΪѾˡԱǸˣ·֮£Ļִ˼֡Ц
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ӣ͵˱߽ˡ¶ϲ
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ȥ·Ҳˣͷңס˴
һ죬ʱ˷٣ƾƨͷ·ߵݡ
΢ЦĴǰͬЪϢߣҲͷңһĴ硣
׼·ʱͻȻסȥ·
ˣɣҲǰ˼֣ߺɫ
һ·ϣҲû鷳èҲ治٣Ե޹ʵ鷳Ľֶܲҡ
ߣȻҽǳż߹ǲǳǸͽ㶼֮һЦ
ã˺󣬶Էǳﳤϡ
ȫһֻûˤﳤϣˣһο׶༪ˡ
µĻ׼СӹȻ󣬻û
ߣΪнѿǺǳɵӡ
ȡ¶ңмĿˡ
żϣһɱΣһµսԼѾûκˡ
һתƥ󣬶Էżߣ۷ģԼҲ壬ֻ¶ԷͻȻɱ
˵ʲôˣɣڴ˵Цܹɱǳľż۷ߣҲקĸƵġЦɢϣܹԷһѹ͸Σˡ
ϣСģжǾż۷ߣһżжߡ˵˵⻰ʱбѾ˾֮С
˵˷ҲĪľһΣֵøҲŸɵһż۷֣һΣż۷֣һżжθ֣ʤѾǳˡ
ȴһޱȣȫûн˷۽


86 
ҪƴˡӴȡػǹɢŨŨ⣬䡭ӵͬˮ㳯żӿȥ
˫벢Զ˳ϣż߲΢΢һ
ʲôֵܵϴɫ䣬еľ޽ӳһſӵǿɡ
ֵܵҽһԭûԷĹһ£ȴû뵽ǰٶ̫죬Ȼһţеˡ
ɣһ㣬߶ƥӵ˿뿪˵ķΧ
һֵ˴󾪣ûʱ䷴ֻܹĵֵ
Сġ
ðΣճе˿ѾڵϣǿĵֵźХӵ
壬ߣǰ塣е
ս˵սѡ
ޱȵĵֵԴԴϵӵ֮£͸磬Щӵͣıķɡ
£ĴսսϣսҲͨԣƥ񱼡
ѻǹһǹûһǹѻǹӵǿ˾ΪżҲ˿Сƣֻ֮Ŀȥ
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ҿĳˣǰӰغţһҲǸϼĸ֡
ģˡôżΧòʹԼΪʲôʵô;ϳ
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ʵΪ˻׽ЩϻͿðɱһɬڲϣ
Сӣ㺦ĺˣҪúýѵ㡣һ׺ĳϲɷ˵˫ֱסˣֻܹĶס⶯ֵĳϡ
ˣˣˣнһҪܡҲ֪ʮľż߶Ұʲô壬һҪܣ²˳٣ǿ߰ɣһһ۵Ȱ
һ׼뿪֮ʱͻȻһЦĳϣһγô֣࣬
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˲䣬Ѿ׶Էʲôˣһϲ˵ʱоˡ


87 
½ʥƷӾǣ˵
죬˵ϼͬʱͬèһ־塣
Ȼη壬Ȼҵҵ˵ҵˣҪɱ㡣½ʥоһЦ
ǰ⣬Сǰеģͱһ󱲼ƽ˰ɣﳤЦ˵
ǰ⺢Ӳ£Ժһӱ̡ܽһżϿЦ
һͦģǶˣǸϿʮҪˡ½ʥֹ°Щһ
ϣսɣֻһˣʮһ˵
ǳϸո˵껰ȴֶѾһĿǣһȻǺԼϵõĳ³Ϊ
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ϻ˵ɣ½ʥߵ
һȺղŻݵľżϣ˿ȴǱķӴܣ½ʥһ仰ƣвɴΪ졣
һ۲գֱӰ½ʥжԵľǰģ˧γǶĪľƷ
½ʥͿȥģҲʮͣ΢΢Щƣ峺˫ۣüһ˵һ˧硣
½ʥҲһ꣬ȻǾżߣγǵ׷ʲôˣѵбԼô
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88 
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Ӣжǳмܹһͳʮ֮ʯԼƾ˵Լеĵλ
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ʵӢ֪ж֮ʯʱ¾Ͳôˡ
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л١֪һƻʲôҲúٺϼƺϼƣӢĽӹ֮ʯСĴڻС
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߾ӢץһƴСʯʱʱŶΨߴ
еʯһģʮһٷ⣬еʱ䶼ϣʯԷĻ
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һֱǼ͵ı飬İɽУģӰͬһһճ䣬ȥء
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ɽɽɽ岢ߴ󣬴ɽҲȽƫƧҰ涼٣ɽԻܺ
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89 
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˷ȥȻɽɽƲƺطͬԼ侹Ȼųɫϼ⡣
Ǳ壬ȥаǰ˵ȣǰεıڱصãܹɵȥ¶ϲɫ˵꣬ǰԾȥ
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٣סһġ
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ԼһʱɽԵƫƧɽл˴ĽʿУиĸɣƵߡ
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90 
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91 
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ңٵĺʮɣƹ֣Ǿ͸ֲˣңʾԲ޵Ķ֡
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ˣαչѾﵽԤĿ꣬ϧʯֻʣʮˡеϧʯȻ˹ȴķʮ顣
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٣ҵƲأɿǾŴ֮һ˰ɣΪСµһɡӢȰ
ŴŴʲôЦŴжʱŭǡ
Ҫãڳĵ֮ˣνľŴɣȻҲûʲôøС
˵һ飬ǸǸ׼ɸʬɣʵ
ڳ˶ңңɫְףֺ죬ּŭȴֲ̬
ô˿ңҴĲԼɡΪĳϣΪʲôҪ¹ǸƾʲôôţƾʲôҲ֣ѵܻ𣿡
ԣܣԺлһسӣͶˣѵĶ֡
һ˲䣬ң˺ܶ࣬ڴ⡣
̫Բǵġң
٣嶯ֻܹһʱ֮죬ȴ޷ԤԺ٣˼ҪΪһ˵Ŵ֮һɡӢе㼱ˣʵй嶯ġ
һɣ˱һɣƺҲõȥӢ˺ֻܶ࣬Ҫɱңձ޾׷ɱ
ϳŴһ׷ɱˣһҲɡ
ӢȰҲһ˿жȭɽš
Ӣ൱Լˣ˾¶Է¶Է˺Լôܹغƽȫ롣


92 
壬Ȱˣšô𣿾ŴɣôŴʲôƨСүҾŴսкξ壡ϵ˵
㣬㣬ȻӾŴɣ㣬šңǺ
ŴɣʲôޣηĴɽлƲϡ
Ŵɣʲôޣ
ƣЩһɵˣ˿Դ֮ˣγʷ϶ûһľƷӣҲŰɣ
ӢЦҡͷƢʱܾǿ϶˵ͷ
ɽģˮڣңкû뵽һŴɶеķӡ
ң˵꣬廯ΪһӰѸٵĳɽ¼䡣
ôżˣһ鶹ײˡмߵ
ಣӰͻȻʧˣ۶޷ٶ׷ȥ
ôܣңͬ˹Ƶģôһ±Լǰٶȣֱӵеġ
ңֻ΢΢һ㶣̳һȥ
СӣȥɣӰ׷ϣգۼ׷˹ȥ
ңֻıǣҲĻһ
һֻץңӣһֻץ˳
ңΪ˿ˣʵֱ˼ɲ⡣
ֺȸӲֱӽץסУһֻҲץסңĲӡ
䣡ϥĳңȥһ޷ܵĴ˲Ϯң֮С
ңη˳һңڸղ˲䣬ﾹȻȫԷٵҲ˵ڵңѾһˡ
ǻѵҪҴɱ𣿡һȡ
ЩɵİԼµǷ׷ɥ֮ȮɽһбңȻޱȿֻţŽ֡
ЦǣΣչͷЩƴݣȻмͻԭеľ硣
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٣Ҳ̫˰ɣü˱ŵͻԭоˡ׬ˡӢЦ
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Ӣл֮УһУɵطңʵ֮ǿʵǳӢ֪
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ˣ̫ˣҵȥࡣһװţ˷ܵĳ񣬵һԶķӱȥ
˧ڽӭ
˧λˡЦűȭ˵

Ծ£Կֲٶȳӭȥɾ룬˲Ϣ֮㵽ˡ



93 
ڴ˵ĽʿһƬ
˧ɴ۾ż꣬ʵôôǿˣҲǾż۷߲ܹõġ
ӢЦ˧֣˫һ׷׽
һѽ౧𣬴ЦŵıתȦХ˽ıһһ仰˵öֳܹԵİ⡣
ţٺٵЦˣһԵʿҲЦˣֵͬһԧ죬ӵһ̣ʱ䶼ƺΪͣˡ
ӪϿ񱼣űϵŮˣһͷƮݵĳƮʱʱз˿Թӡ
ģģĳһǰᣬŮϢ
࣬һˡ˵űϵ὿ƺԼ嶼ڻˣ˼ĺ˴˿̾Լϲ
˾ͺã
ٴӪؿǸϤӰٸߵҹ˼ĳˣǻۣӢÿһ仰ÿһ
ʱ˵˵̲̣ڻˣʵŵԣƽĹ
ǿ׳ˣǺŵϢ˫˫ֽԼǿıͬһů
ЦˣЦĺܿģǷĵЦ۾У峺Ỻӿһһε˳۽µ䡣
źХ΢磬Ҹı۾˱Ϸɢÿһ˿Ϣ׳˶
Ƭ֮ķ࣬˶ţֻжԷ
ỨЦĺܿģССľſһƬΣ۾оϲãȴںĳŮɬ
Ůչ鲻Ƥ񣬶಻ɵͷŮɬ֮⡣
ʲôŮˣǻһЦô
ϱź˱ģⱲȴˣԵġ
Žߵֻ࣬м֣Լͻ˼绹Ҫ
Ľͷ࣬һ磬һ磬ڣԥ촽
ţ⣬ڹ컯֮£֪жΧۣȻҪǾͲҪôࡣ
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࣬ıʱҲĻǣҽŲ̧
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תȥ͵ţͻȻʲôƵģʿԼȴЦĿŶˡ
һǣ͸ʱֹͣˡ
磡
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ֵܣþòһҲûı䰡Ц
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Ƕ⼸һڿްɣȻʵҲô죡Ц
ǻ˵ôϴǲŬôأ磬㲻ڵЩƴţڼΪʲȴ˺档⼸꣬Ҫʱ䶼ɾڹķֻǸû뵽ַһٶȾȻʱǶܻɣΪʲôʵô죡ţüŪ۵Ц
ţͱˣڽѵûн𣿿ɪģС˵־Ц
һǶֻżڹķ⣬ٶ̫˰ɣǰǲŸոʵԼ⼸һֱչ˼꣬ʯ˼ʮ飬ųԽż۷塣
оĽչΣеʵ
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磬𼤶Ժ˵Ƕ˸졣ţЦ
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磬㲻ɣսҰβſ£ţԶСܡţ˵ǲ
ɪʹ˭˭ȻԽż۷ʵѵֻţ


94 
ԶӪأѰһտĵط൱У˰ڿơ
磬˵û㣬ʵҸĶ֣ԣֱʹڵʵɵСˡţѵʮ㡣
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ڱչ֮ʱѾ֣żֻ߲Σھż۷֮ϣӦûжΣʱǾżߵΣѾӽԲ磬һڴͻƣǾͲ֪ʲôˡ
ż۷壬ҲǵΣͻƺѣҪһż۷ѣˣż۷֮ʵҲܶģģһԿսʮͬľż۷ߡ
дʯּٹȱչأ츳ѣҲͻƵڵľ硣
ż۷ߵɢӰƺ˲ߴ˲٣ֽ֣һǰƣǿÿŷ֮
겻΢ЦĺɣЦ⡣
磬겻Ҳ̫̬ˣûҸġţˣ˼۷ʵϾż۷壬ô򣬶ԷƾͿԼսˡ
ʮɵľ룬ţ廹ͣĲ˼۷ȫסԷԵĽţֻվվȡ
ţܹ߹ʸҴ򡣡ŲΥ˼ݽ֪ţһֶΣԸС
ţֻѹ޴˷ĳֲɿܵѹԽѹԽԡ
һһţͷ󺹣֮ɫаҧأֳǰһ
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ţȻԭأϹŨŨЦ⣬Ȼܹţ˵һֱ飬ʱܵ顣
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ӿһ˿ѪݸԾصţǰ
磬û°ɣڲҵĶ֣˰ɣţˣе㲻ġ


95 
ţˣղŲǿʵڣҽʹǿʵǧҪСġ˵ʹóȫʵżһεţҲ鲻Խĺ˼
Уȵ
ãţһҧо㹦˵ޣӭĹ
䣬䣡
ڷЦţ
һ֮ţӶֱˣʮ֮Զ۵³Ѫϵ·ˣͷңҪǱжǱ
ޣţ³Ѫ˶˵㲻ʲôȻҪȡڵʵǵֵ
ҲĿɿڴˣͬǰһһ̫ˣ⣬Ȼɻţ̫֮ˡ
ţӵĿƣƵıԹ磬ͲܹͶˣ̫̬ˣҿ϶Ҫڲϼꡣ
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ţͷɥ߹ŰۣѾ޷ˣǿı̬
ˣţ٣ǳ̫ţȫûҪҿǿܶ࣬ҶûʧȥأЦŰο
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һı۰ӵڻУԼţһֻԮšŮϣһЦҵУ
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96 
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ܵı۾һδαԵɽַۣƶ˵ĸо
Ҫ
΢΢ǿ׳ָоָͷʱ̲סݺݵرסϡ
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ܲˣҪͻȻĲ˫ץסš
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ڵǿ״ֻ̬˲䣬ҪԼˡ
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ڼʿ£ߵоС
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ߣȻɱǶˣҲÿˡʦ֮һγǵĳҲλˡа롣
ھɱˡ˧ҧ
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˧ֻɢƷǳֲԼҲǾżҲȻܵǿѹȻʵԲֹżߡ
Ϊ´ϧΪһͳ˧ҲΪЩˣһսɣңǾȥɣ˧Цü뿪뷨
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ǶŽޱȿֻţаҶʿУû뵽ǸľżҲڴ˴֪ҲĴ
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97 
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98 
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䣡
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99 
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ҵүиϽ־ȾҰɣԭϵ
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100 
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ҵϷӵŮˣ˵ͬʱһ͵߳С˫ֵסһš
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ҵϷŮˣôܷŹңС뵽۵˹ȥ
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101 
ҼǰǰЩᣬϷûüǸʵڲ֮ҼƤЦⲻЦ˵
ԭǶϼһһΪʲôͷ֮أЦ
˱ͨ죬ȴʲôҲ˵ʱʱ򣬷һɴ֮֡
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ҳϼҪˣ֪˵رǳΧȻҲڳ︽ɡ
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ӢԶΣӢûãǷɱǰļһ


102 
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ѽ磬οɲˣȻôǿƣҲˣ̫ǿˣǿͷνţȻʾ̱ŵϷ
磬ţû°ɣǿ뿪һ仰ö̸֣仰һ˵꣬Ѿ⣬۽ע˵ı飬˵ĶԻҪж⡣

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103 
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104 
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105 
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106 
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107 
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ţĵͻȻùٶҲһޣһ˲ʮ൶γһƬɫĹĻȫС
¡¡һը촫аҽС
ϱʧȥһۣսôãھͲ֧ţٶ󣬸޷赲ֻܹӲӡ
ûüһҽУͬɳȥѪ
Ҫ
ʧȥ˫ۣսɥʧΧʵĳϴҲùͬʱм˱ÿѪ
۳۳ʵǿʱȴҲֻܹѡԱûлȥˡ
ţɱ⽥ʽŻȴǿֹÿһǿʵ


108 
һյ蹦ڣսԼҲھ֧ʱֵЦˡţа룬ȴǷԵΪ˫Ե
䣡
ÿһ£γһɺɫ磬йΪС
һɱһżϣʵֲ̫ˣĶ֣һҲᱻɱӢļɵˣȻ֪ţǿȴû뵽ȻǿĿɱżߡ
΢΢ЦЦı飬ɢаȵľâʱܵĿţ쭡
ԭ˴ҲⰡԺҲѧ͵Ŷԡ̾Ϣսֻʣ¶ʱæ˵ţ¶ڡ
ţɱͷϣȴͣе㲻ˬʣµĶδĳϺȵϼһҸӣǵĹ
۳۳϶һۣ˫ӶԷп˾ΣѾս˵ɵڵϡ
ವĴϵЦе˵λϣڸо˰ɣͶ𣿡
ʿɱ裡ΪﳤϣȻгϵϣҪͶ룬ҪôǣҪôɱǡ۳Դǵ˵ȴʱԽǵӣԷҪɱԼ
۳һ仰˵һ˫۾ȴǹµµתţ˸Ȼڿ˼˼λ
ͷӲΪԼǳݣپͲɱ㣬ߣνʶʱΪܣ㻹ʶɣ٣ĺܲҡ
ҡͷӢĦ⣬˵
ţһеĴ󵶣һ˺ɣҵղŵΣһƨȥȵۣˣ磬ʣµĸˣսƷɱ
йĳҲȫ̰ŧµߣǴⲻͶô΢ЦʵоȻ¶֮飬۳ϵĿԵкͰ
۳ɫһԺ۳Ϊͣ̿ڵ٣Ȼʵǿ󣬵ΪĳϣǳˣǳĹҪͶʬ̤ȥɣ
𾪰û뵽λϾȻ֮ˣӢۣܹΪþͺˡϧϧҡͷ̾Ϣһʧ顣
۳˷ͷǰս֣Ҫƴһսƣ٣֪ʵǿ󣬲ΪˣƴҲҪһսסܹսҲһ
ǳãǳã屡ĺúӣԽԽǶλˡЦЦĺаȫǷĵ΢Ц
磬ѾˣոЩ̲ϼһ̫鷳ˣɱʡ¡ţһ˿֮ɫνЦ
ͬʱµţ۳ϵԵΪ֮һֻŭ˵
Ӣʱ䲢ΪĶոϵ˼д󼱣ϳİݷؾԲ򵥡
ٿҪ˼аǵݿǳĳϡӢ˵ֻܹԾڴˡ
٣ɣɱҰɣΪһսɣĿ˸˵
ɱ㣿û⡣ͻȻаȵЦ
ʲôҪɱң͵һʱ˿־֮С
ǰ㹭ŮŮǰװװԴǣװĵòȻȥѾġΪĸ߷ڣȥɣ
ͻȻˣ¶ǿҵɱ⡣
˵ˣͶͶ۳ϼļе

Ľ֪ʱѾ֣۳ϼνֵʱ䶼ûУ˫۱㱻йƵնϡ
˫ҲҪˣߡһºɨʵҪɱһż۷ʵ̫ˡ
ΪʲôΪʲô۳ʹʵ
Ϊʲô˵ĻΪûʵװƣԲŻϢɣһӣһͷ­㳯ǽǷȥ
תĳźȥأҪΪﵱƷ𣿡
һʱ֮䱻ŵ޴룬֪ôش⣬Ψɱ
ɱң֪߿ܣҴǰȥ߾ֵ˵
ڽе֮ʯȫɣţȥսƷԸ
۳ϼæӻ֮ʯȻ󹧾˫ֵݸ
ֻһ۱¶ʧ֮飬Щ֮ʯƷʵ̫˰ɣһ㶼̺ǿ
ţȷǻѰҵϼʬϵ֮ʯϼҲʮ֮ʯ󿴵֮ʯСƷʱţҲһ˿ʧ֮ɫ
壬ˡֱ㽫еʯӢ۳ϿĴʿˮֻøô̫ˣҲĳֳ뷨
ӢмлһӶӵж֮ʯȷʵ£һ±ԼƷʲ֮ʯȻӢʱΪ˵ЩʯǷǳԵġ


109 
ôһ㣬̫˰ɣҸһλᣬȽѾӵе֮ʯȫһɱ㡣˵еĺú۳в
ͻȻν˻ΣֱѺ۳ŵĲġ
үɱңһὫ֮ʯȫǡ۳Ҳûк֮ģȥȫ֮ʯϡ
˸ź۳ϵĲں۳ϵĲٿ£ǽھȻ˻أڰ°ťǽǰשʯͻȻתǽֳһ㹻ɶ˶еͨ
һĻٿ֮ʯʱѾȫĴȻȻ࣬ȴֻмƷʻģԺָţˡ
ףʲô飬Щôȫˣǳڵʬ塣
ȫ屻ɱʬһɱַǴƬɱԼַǿ
ãôˡͻȻûĵ
㲻ˣôţϵЦˣദôãţȻǳڶںˡ
ϣô£ǻʲôˣ죬ʵһֱž类Ͷһʯʱš
ɫ࣬۾ɱ⣬˵ȻԻɱ
֮ʯҪУȣȫܡ
ϸողӹһ٣ʱʣǸ־尡޷ݡ
ϵС۾Ѹٵתţƺڽ߾ȫ˼ʲôүǲûʲôĳңУҲʱ֡һϢûдүҲôʱɱô߰ɣ
㼸ӣջĿ⣬Ƿͷ˭ҪǷʲô˿̴һϣһɣ
Ŀ£ҹ˶ƺĲףȫ屻ɱ
⵽ʲôģֶΣʵֲ̫ˡ֮£Ҳʬ循ˣЩͬȫǱһ
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Ƭ֮һ飬ȻûзκһˣõҲûС
ڹǰ㼯һ鷢̫ˣһ˳൥ȻЮ
еļپʬУ˶Ѿϸ̽ûʬ塣
磬ʵԲͨľż߿ԶԸġô̵ʱڣɱôߣȻҲ룬Ҫǿʵţ
Ӣüͷ΢壬ڴ¸벻⣬˵ЩߣʵҲԲһľż߿µģοǳĽأһ˭ǰ˴ɣҲڽĿ궨Ϊࡣ
ҵĴҲöһ˵ġ¶ʹ⣬ʧȥĸоĺʹࡣ
٣ˣ飬˭Ҳ뷢ġСˣһ·׷ɱȥˡӢڰο
ҡҡͷ̾ܣԸһ֪ͨǣԳ˵˭ΪʲôҪ
ʧ˶ƲѣͬǺ۳ҲСģΨŭ˷ˣһСС
ɫƲеСʵ¹⽫ɽ̧֣ͷǿգĵΣһӿļ䡣
ΪԼѾǿˣǿ㹻ˣǣʧ٣ҾԼС
˭˭ٳģǸҶֲһɱǡ
䣬ɢżߵصƣ񱩵˲䱬
ã㿪϶Ҫͻˡţһʱ䷴Ӧæڵ
ŭ޾ķŭʱ䣬̬£˿Լơ
żһ˵ֻǰ磬żߵһ㱻ƺΪż۷徳硣ʵϣż۷徳֮󣬻磬ֻһ޷ﵽǸ硣
żȻܶ࣬ﵽżߺȴ֮٣ܹȫԽߵؾģָ
Ѹٵĳɢǿγһ磬Χɽʯ׷ױȭͷСʯΧת
ƼһɺɫЮʯ齫Χ
ţѾٶ˺գۼƿʮ֮Զ
ƣʵֲ̫û뵽羹Ȼǿֵزţɾ٣ʼҲ޷ţа룬ȴΪݡ
磬ҪҲô硣ţЦ˵ǿѹﴫţˡ
һĲҽ
ϲ֪ʵʵ˵һЩѹȵ̱ڵأڵϲţš
ҪΪʲôôǿǿȥ˹ֻֿǳܡ


110 
ޣ³һѪڵĸоȻǳܡ
ӢһͷȥȻ񱼣ֱӽ֮ңŸͣ¡ϵҳӢզ಻ѡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҿѰ۷壬ȴԼŮ˶ˣΪʲôھţԼҲ󲻵ٶ
ֻǣʱû˼ͻƣֻ÷ŭ޾ķŭ
ʱһһĹȥˣȻڷǣϲ֪˶Ѫһͷ׵˹ȥ
Ѫڣӿֳָŭȫռɫ¹ԵޱȣӢݿʼŤˡ
٣ס񣬲ҪħɰӢˣ󺰵
ţԭΪͻƶˣɿıҲˣӢһߺ
ʱδţ죬ھţڵľ޷ˡ

Ѫܱѵжʱ󾪣ղŸûô࣬ڲѪȴʼըˡ
ʱһħ૵뱨ѰҰҿ԰㣬ħŰɣ
ϡ֮䣬Ժг֣ң磡
֮䣬ҪڴӦֻǣѪܱѵ̫ʹ࣬ʹģúãлһݱġ
ã߻ħףô߻ħ߻ħˣôȥࡣ˫ۣе࿪ʼģ
Сӣɣ˳ħɣҿԸǿ硣еջ
ϰ꣬Ȼû߻ħǶĸȴǶ꣬һʱ׹
ûѵͣһԼŬΪǿߣԲ˳ʲôħȥɣǱʶб㲻źƣħ˵ٺãҲֻżģһ׹ס
侲һҪ侲һҪһȳ
һƴȫģǲκ˵ʵԶǿġͻȻں
̬ȣ־ٷְټǿʱɫѾָˣ»عӢ
ûҴңԶ֮شԽʶҪɢˣɶļһԺеŭ벻ʡ
Խһ
֪𣿡ԺʵЩ
ʲô˵ʲôô
ǾȥɣɢɣҲ߻ħġ
Сӣ⣬Ĺ̫죬һΣϧķǧ깦ҲһҪռ塣ַŭ֮ʧ
𽥵ĿʼƽϢŭһ˲ɢӰ٣ɫȴʹ
ʹʹ
ڵڷӣϸСľǽѡ
ԭԱѣ飬һҪͦȥҪҪͻơ
ǿסȫʹҧţڵľѺ»£ΪִˣҲܹɸ
Ҫˡ̲סһڵڴﵽһ壬弸Ҫǿơ
䣡
·ͻȻȫըѿƤҲʼѣתʧ
˲䣬ȫʧˣڵȫĻڵ֮ʼڻС
ߴͦεģһϵƤм׷׵䣬ȡ֮һȫµƤӤƤ
ҵ״ﵽʲô磬ڳԽż۷𣿡ʵ
ףڴʱһֻ׵֩ͻȻֱϵ
һ̺ˣ֮֩ͷƤ顣
ϴɽֻ֩ôѵһֻϣȵ
ѩ֩ſڵϣͷͻȻѩ֩͵ɢ
ãѸٵĴӴȡǰ֩ɢƾȻԼҪǿ١
ͣ
ѩ֩ͻȻʼǣԭֻĴָС֩͵ĳǧһ±ôߣһʮȣÿһȶ첲ϸ
ǰɣܹͻȻ󣿡Ȼ𾪣ȴǰѩ֩û˿֮С
Ͻѩ֩ȫѩףϸŽ׵İɫëëëҪƯģϿѩ֩һҲ׶񣬸˾ÿ׽
ʱţӢҲ˹ѩ֩룬Ϊš
٣Īͷ֩ЮС㣿Ӣɿʵ
˺һ㣬Сͷ֩룬ʵǿ󡣡
˾ѩ֩Գţʱȫһ˿ңûʱȥ·
֩С㣬֪΢ЦĿʵһҲ˺Ư֩롣
ѩ֩գ۾ͻȻĳֲЦ⣬ͻȻ̧һ˫ָ
ҿƵĴһæס˹ؼλ
ѩ֩״17ͻȻϵĻŵʯ飬ʯ׷ѣ˵ѩ֩ǿ
ȴ룬⻹֩ȻָԼĹؼģѵڴЦ


111 
ôɫĬ֩룬ǵһ֩ûʲô⣬Ҳ׼Ӵȡ·ϡ
ãѸٵĳǿ˲䱩ǡ
ѩ֩ͻȻ³۶Կİ׹⣬׹ֶ⳯
ġеĽ̽֯һƬǰ׹ӭȥ
ϣײֻһӴԼˣ׹Ȼ˿ԼĽ⡣
ǿʵȴֻǿն˼֩˿
ţӢҲֹ֩룬һ˫߳ţǲǶ֡
磬ôţֻһ޷ƵĴ岻ĳԶȥ
ӢʵţȻҲһʱ߷ɡ
ƻ֩С㣬ֳɣ
һ֣ıǡ
֨֨ѩ֩뷢֮
ʲô֩Ҳ̫˰ɣ𾪡
ѩ֩ͻȻѸٵƶΧתȦеİ׹ȴһֱͣķ䡣
ҲתеĽ׹ⷢҵײ׹⾹ȻǳնϣһСģа׹塣
ô֩뵽ʲôʵΪʲôôǿ󣿡ˣȫʵӳȻȫ·硣
ͣѩ֩תٶԽԽ죬׹⽻һŴ
ǿӣ̫֩ǿˣҲǶ֡
Ǹưոͻƾż۷壬һֻ֩Ϸ˴
ѩ֩³İ׹ƺ޾գۼ㽫ȫסεķ֣Լ޷ˡ
磬㡣Ҫֵһţɱϡ
٣ģܹһսҫӢͬʱϡ
ҡͷȴǱŽ֮ģϾѩ֩ɱԼ¼ǰɱˡοѩ֩ƺûʲôرĶ⣬ϴǸ߿УҲ֪֩ѩ֩룬ʲô֮ȴȫȻ֪
ѩ֩˸Ž֮⣬ţӢϣȻŲæ
䣬䣡
ѩ֩벢ûз׹⣬ȷѸٵ̧ȳŶȥ
ѩ֩ٶȣ˸Ӧճϻû쭱㱻ѩ֩˫˫߷ɡ
Ҳ٣ţƵı߷ɻԭأĴ
ѩ֩뷢ȻҲһСӲǽ߻֮ǰ߷ɵǶ㡣
ʱҲѩ֩Ĺ֮ҲҳˣĿѩ֩
ѩ֩׹⣬ֱǵʵʵǣѩ֩ͻȻʶŶǰǿʼ
ǰɣ֩С㣿Ľе֩ôôɫأרŸԼĹؼط
ҪͣĴС
ѩ֩ĴǾȻ˽ͣĴţֱŵĻɢûô¹
ţӢ״ͻȻЦѩ֩ʵ̫ɰˡ
ã磬รҰﲻˡţЦ⽩Ӳϣ£һҲЦˡ
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ǰɣ㻹ÿڣе֩С㣬ҿҪɱ㡣
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ǰɣѵѧͻȻͷƤ飬ʷһξô¡
Сҧ㣡ţֽе
ѻ죬Ϲ˵ŭͻȻĳһʹֻûιȥҿҧˣôôң찡Ҳˡ
Ҫҧѩ֩롣Ƶĺϧ޷ѩ֩Ȼء
ѩ֩һҧ£һڣȻ˺ǰľһڵأմȾѪ
ףô£
һƬѩ׵ĹĻͻȻѩ֩ɢĻĽ֣ʱϵЩ̵֩˿ͻȻƺȫˣ׷׵ڵء
ֻڵĹУҲɢɫĹâ
ââѸٵںһ𣬾Ȼûκһ˿ĳͻʱͻȻһĸо
ѪҺתĳͻȻӿļ䣬ǰѩ֩ôˣȻԼѪĸо
Ȼ֪ѩ֩ʲôȴо˺ԼԼѩ֩ĸоһֱܺãȥ˺
ѪĸоԽԽǿѩ֩뾹ȻͬԼеһ֣ޱҪȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ָоԽԽǿ
ѣѩ֩ѸٵıС֪ĴָСĽ͸֩롣
뿪˵ȴ۾һһ׹⣬ѩ֩ͻȻԼ
ôˣŵһͻȻоѩ֩ѾԼڲ
ˣ
һԺ
ȻǸ֩С㣬εεġ


112 
ʲôˣٴʵ
ˣ㲻˵ֻҪԺк˵Ҿܹѩ֩˵
⵽ô£ҽʶͨ
ˣŶһûأޣϴζ˾£߳ɳ˶꣬˵ϢĺܺţҷǳϲԣҾͺʥĳԼһԶˡѩ֩뿩ֱ֨Ц
΢΢̣ŷĵЦˣƽ޹ʶһʵǿĴֶ֣Ϊ
ţӢͬʱϹ֩أа֩ȥˣţʵ
ûˣһжˡصЦ
֩룬Ȼң´һݺݵı𣬽ֻɶ֩⽴ţһҧгݵģ
ˣѩֻ֩һţûɱͺΪ֮ɣҪùˡҡͷЦ
ˣǸСܺŶȻ˵󻰣Ҫ⽴̲סˡѩ֩뿹
ಣһ׹һѩ֩ˡ
ͣѩ֩˲䱩ǣţ㶵ͬʱһ׳ĴѾţǰ
ҿţޱȵĴУȴѩ֩һ߷ɡ
ѩ֩˸ڡ
Ȼһ֩뾫ǿˣôоԼ񱻹Ůأҡͷ̾Ϣ
ˣŮʲôѩ֩ͻȻʵ
ûʲôϢ𣿲ȻԺһᾫҵġЦ
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ҿôˣôѪԲҲɣһ仰˵ĴҶЦˡ
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٣ɽ룬γǵ淨֮һǰĴɽΪأûԭġӢѵ
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γǣ֮ǣ֮ϣߣߣħߣǴ󲿷ֶγǣǸݴţɽ֮о߱ЩɱǰɽʮǰֹټʱһʮϡӢ͵
ֹʮǰҲв·ټǰɽСһΣ߿һ˼ߡ˵
ߣ㵨ӿ治Сѵ¸ɱ֮γߡӢ˵
֮ɫˣǿûȥߣֻǡѡǸ֮ҲЩ߿ʣµģҲûʲôãǶȴдãԲŻðȥѰ֮ʯ
ѵʧйأһ
ϣȥҵҪߵʲôˡߴٵ
Ӣҡͷ֪ԼȰˣپͰðգͨ˺µĶ²
ţ壬Ƕڴ˵صȴסһҪֿעⰲȫ򲻹ģʮΪϼƣ
ɽĽ֮ϿʼɽǰȫǱΣ򣬴Ҳçײɽнء
ɽָǣֵĲȱȽǣбߵĹľԣвʱҰ޵ĺ
ʱɫѾ΢ɽȻڰ֣ϾٽǰͣСĸ
ó㣬ѹֻ߳֡ȵĺΧǻڴ˱չС
ϣӴ˴˵߿жãʵ
үж룬ɽΣأҲֻڰɽѰ߿СʵĻش
ÿƬ̹򣬶в֪Ұ޳ŶϮһ·ϣ֪ɱ˶ҰޣڵʵǵͼߣҲһƴ֮
ʱ֣˵һ֮ʱͻȻ˫۾Լһһָоʮֹ졣
ʲôڿ̽ңߣޣо裬ʶڷԲʮ̽⡣


113 
ϣڴ˴ͣʱϽӣһڽ·ס뿪ɷΧ֮ڣ˱ҡ˵Ȼֱӵĸоǳˬ׼ڴҳʲôԭ
үģģҲ뿪֮ڵġϸϽ˵һֱһѺɽУûԼҲųȥ
ڵϣ۾ʶȴһֱûз̽Χ
һɣж
񽥽Χľһ壬һƬҶӵ΢춯Ҳܹ֪
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ʮɣʮɣʮɡȻûֻۣȥǵ˵λá
Բˡֻûǳֱ̽ĸоԽԽǿҡ
ףˣ׼жģԷȴû˶ĵ͵š
Уҵ֪ʲôޣϡͿıɱˣҾͿˡ뵽һ
ಣͻȻתɣһѹľԣһ紵ľ΢΢ţеȴʧӰ١
ãһǸǳޣôľ룬ܸоĴڡһǿҵΣĶ
һҲеȼֵġ߷Ϊʮ㣬ҲӦΪʮΡ
ʲôҪڶزˣб¾ͳɣں͵ȫǶ޵ǹľ˵ѳʣΪѾ˶ס
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ǰɣܺãӽըЦ
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ģըһҧ˶׵ߣȻƬɹľ˹ȥ
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һƬӿ֣޴ըΧɽʯ𶯣ǿıըϱŵĲг
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͹ϣĲ֪Ǻã˼֮Ҳѡߵȴ
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ͨСͻȻͷаĺ⣬вмһҲͣĳ
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114 
ͣ߷ͳĺУ˵ͬʱһޱӴͻȻǻСϱ
ϾһҲæͣΣʱԻܵĹ
ͻȻðĿĺâ˲䣬Χ¶ͻȻдһȵĸо
âѸٵĳɢգۼ㽫С
үҡϾֵĴѾմȾǺâͻȻһ׶ɹǵʹд
ܵķڵأǰСߵ
ҵ֣
ȡ
ڴʱΧͻȻӿֳһƬââĳ֣д󶨡
˲Ϣ֮䣬϶ֱ۾ȻڵӰ٣ҽ֮ûϢιȥˡ
ѩ֩𣺡ˣ߾ͽԸɣϲˣζ𡣡
ֻûڵأѩ֩ƺһҲûʮ޷ȻҪ⡣
ۡ
ͻȻ쵽Σգһ۲գܱߵĺâͻȻɢϵĺâӴۡ
ಣѩ֩ͻȻͷǻٴУŵĶѩ֩롣
ˣȻǳѩ֩룬ˣҪˡͻȻ³һںâű㳯һ꣬ʧӰ١
ˣţȥСȥˡѩ֩һڰâͬʱ͵ĳŵȥգۼҲʧ
ѩ֩뵽ʲôޣôʮҲԺһʲôޣٺ١
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ٺ٣ģڣ㻹ˡصЦ
ԻвôδˣȴѾټֲʡ
ԼĲ״ĳ̾һһ仰Ҳ˵Ŀô
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115 
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116 
ɣ껹򲻹ûˡҲţһܹжǿһҵĶ֡ź۸Լ
ѧѰ裡ɴսֻ׼ƾһ˫ȭͷԵС
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һȭֻ˶ΪԷϾĵĵӣֻҪûʲôرԲԼ飬ԼҲɱ
ˢˢ
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ĿɿڴĿǰһĻȻһȭ߻ɣʱԵ³
Ҫˣһᱻǰʣܻܲδ֪ҹܲˣҲΪͻȻñޱȡ
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117 
ߣɱ֪ߵغĳСӡ
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118 
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119 
٣º˵ŭ⣬ϰߣǶϰΪˣ˭֡߱ȭ˵
ƷӣƷӣƷӣ΢Ц˵顣
ңɵɵĶȫûƢֻΪʱȵľƷӻҪţɱң֮ˣʱ˿ɵ
ˣΪˣºջƷӾһۣʱһ֤ǿ˭γš۾ƽǰгǿҵս⡣
Щٲɱ֮Ȼн飬Ҳƽһˡ˴Σҵҵ٣ٳΪѣһռܲߺǵѡЭ
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żоż۷ʮʵӦ㹻Ϊٵĵ˰ɣԺ˵
Ӣ֮ɫû뵽һֱ伣ңžȻôżߣû٣ҲңصǿС
ЦԼʵ˵żߣһǧżΡ
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żߣʵвУʲôѵ˱ʵҪճڴα˵Ļˡ
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ңŵֵǣȥ󣬾˵ѪϴֵĿ˳ųӭսЦָӵ
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ͷڹ꣬үɱˣǳ


120 
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ңȺ鼤ܣڳŽţҪжšһֻΪĴڣңĸҼڳܲȫѰΪ
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121 
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İ̥ͬʱüëһ壬ͬ˵


122 
յɱţסȥ·Ҳ׼ɱţ
СģǱǳĶżߡħ˹ߣرóϻһҪСǡңųѵ
ħһ˵ңŸ׺ݵħ֪ɱ˶ңŵĵӡ
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123 
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124 
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ϣСǶԸϻϢ°ɣڳ֡
ϣɱ㹻ˣĿԴɣ
Щ۳Ϸ׷ȰֱЦſ¡
ҿĴϻϷСүս̰ˣȻ֪ϵ뷨ضǻԼʵ֮ϣˡ
˵Ϻ
Сӣ˵˵ڼ
ϣ߰С߻ħҿ㵱˶ɵӰûʵͱСүǰװģΧİϷСүɲ£ʮ˵Բɶһ
ѾвлɣвɻĿ⿴ϡ
ʲôѵűϵĻ𣿡߳ŭзߺޡ
۳Χ˭ɱ֮ʯʮ顣
ʮ֮ʯĽھż߶ԣ֮ʯǽĶ֮ʯܹЩƿڵ߶ԸΪҪ
ۣ湻󷽰ʮ֮ʯҰɣҿɱСЦ¶һĨаЦ⡣
Χһž⣬Ϊ֮ʯЩҲֵƴˣοһٶΧһ
ɱһ£Щٶ̽ΧסѾһɱ
Ǽĳ˵һǳѾǿˣ˸ϵƸӿ񱩣ֹ£Ҳܵ˲Сѹ
ʹʵٶ۳Ҳǲ֡ٺһЦһ˫ȭӭ˰ϵֹ
ǿĹϿһ㶣ԼҲͽ԰żǳϵֹȴǽӳȭ㵲ס˵һ
ǳϾվȣʵȫǵǿ£ǳϲòˡ
ɣɱҰҲɱȥվԭصЩΧ
ʵ̫ǿֵһϣΧɱһ۳ϴȵһ˸ϰ͡
󷨣һߴһһ˸۳ͻȻʮΪһ飬鳤󷨡
һݶ񶾵Ĺâ󷨣Ļ󣬱Ҫһż۷ɣΪ飬ſ۳ͬʱɫ
ƷҲˣǰɡϲΪԼܹӾɱһƬ죬ԼҪҪɱ󷨣ô򵥵ġ
ԭأ΢΢ţۿЩ˼˲Ͳú͡
֮⣬ԼĪʮ۳ϣȻЩԤģκһĿȥǧֹһһʮͬʱ־
·ɢҫ۵ĺ⣬Ÿһѱ¶ɭɱ⡣
󷨣ٱǻ᲼úãɱңŰѵֻû¶һЦųԼͷиż
٣ҲΧû˻ɴ٣ǧСģңų̲ס˵˾Ʒӵľ£˼Сġ
ǿĿ⣬Ʒӵ£һǶƷӺµĶΪʲôҪ¡ĿԴƵ󡣡
ûʲôоҲǵһִȴʮ㣬ûǿľʵΣ
䱻Լ˲ɱսսⱻƲɢ
ǿ
۳ǵɴ۾ֻô˿̵Ʊǣƺߴ˲٣񱩵İɢǼĳҲĪľ⡣
һȺŸʲô󷨡ϼǺ
ŴϵĺУЩ۳ﻹҵ鳤Ϸ׷ֳֽŲȴѾ忪ʼƶ
ʮһĳϣתɫӣɫĽ⣬ٶԽԽ죬⽻㣬Ȧ
ãЩ۷ɵ󷨹ȻЩŹ֡Ȼûǰ۳ϸԼĸоȴȫͬˡ
һһʮһ£Խǿɱǳ
֮£ʵȻԵӣһǿ󷨣Խǿҵս⡣
۳ǵʵȻǼӱӣʵΪһȴģΪһ壬Ϊһ壬ģʮ˵ȫںһ
ֻʮƵӣҲһüͷȴһˣŹǿ㹻вˡ
ɣʹ󷨵ǿʵɣСүҵšʱѾӰѾȫһɰɫ֡
ֻ߽ģǰѾһССͣǿ˷ˣЩ˼һ壬͵תĸоиɻ
Ц£ûĸΧߵŴ󲼺õģΧļʮ򲹶Ҫˣɡ


125 
úܾɣʲôԣϿ˵ɣϵĽе
̰֮ˣûʸ˵󷨣ôʰ㡣ЦȴǾһż۷ߵʵͨ󷨣ѾΪһƬǿ£ƾżߵʵҲеˡ
ţ˿ðѪȴ˷ܵЦݣϾߵʣԽսԽ£ħѾ᧿Σˣʵ̫Ĭ类ţɱһˡ
ţɱ˷ܴѾԣԽԽаʮɱһˣƸǿһǰƣһħȵ˺
һ˿յĹâţͬһ
ţڽɱķֿһ˲䳯ȭͻȻĺ˵ˡ
ãţͻȻýһɱԼӿæȭϧѾˣǹɱٶȿȫţ֮⡣
һɫĽ⼸ˣţؿڣʱ⣬ţҲһȭǵӰ
ͣţֻؿһʹһѪ̲ס̫죬ȥҲ죬ţȭʱѾʧˡ
Ѫţǰ磬ֻһ˵ξȻƫϧûࡣ
ʱٴɱϣͬǸɫӰҲһ
ţŭˣһؿڣһֻӵֵ
䣡ţ岽мǸӰʵԱħҪ߳٣ӽԼʵˡ
ɵļһ˭ţŭ
ħ֮һİħǸЦӰͣˣȴһ߲٪壡
ħһۣģ׳ֱ˫ȣ˿ȥһֵˮͰ˶Դȴ˿С
٪壡ţŭؿѨѸٵĵ˼£ǿѪŻһ㣬ѪֹסĴؿڻ
磡ħͬʱ˵٪ֻ΢ĵͷȴǿţ
ħôд磿ѵ˵еħһ٪壿ңŰ𾪵˵
µҵҲøˮˡҾǵֵܣΪҵʵǿǴ硣٪βסеĵ⣬Цĺ
ԭħǱɣ͵ϮֶΣޣȥɣ
ţȻѾˣеĻȴ޷ƣһʲôʱԹôĿòƴûС
ħͬʱһ㶣ţѾӵɱʵû뵽͵Ϯţǿơ
ȻǾͳȫ㡣٪Цͬʱӭϡ
ûˣħֹ£ţ֧һʱ䣬ʱȴǳ
ţƴԷȴܹɵĽ£٪ȴǲϵĽţ̳ĽǶȷǳꡣ
ҾҲҪɵ٪塣ţ۾ʱоȻ侲
䡱
ţħƵˣ˼ͬʱɱϡ
ţһ˿ɫһģֱӳ٪ķײȥ
٪ЦĽ⳯ţؿڴȥ
ʱħţҲ࣬٪Ѿһ࣬õĻᣬţôܻء
ȥɣ٪塣ţ۾¶޾ɱ⣬ͻȻһ䣬˲䱩ǣ٪̹Ľֱ٪塣
Сģħеıͬʱţ
ҪˣȻͬھѾˣҲûôɵӲƴ٪սطͻȻ¶֮ɫ
ţһƽ֮֮ǰκһжҪ
̶仰һҲ٣ʱţֻһԸǾɱ٪壬㸶κδ۶ԡ
һͻȻƱǣٶȸǿ쵽˼飬٪Ľǿĵһ
䣡
ཻ׵ըţͬ˵ҰںУ
ôܣȻ˴⵶ֲ̫ˡ٪ھ϶ţֱӱˣţŹᣬûͣ٣ƺԤϣǰϯ
ͣţֻñϼɾ޴鲻ԽĿѪͬʱҲһҽУ٪屻նϵĲҽ
ղţǰ˼ֻ»ᱻħĽᴩ壬ʱıողţĺ󱳣˿ڲȴţǰȥ
Ҫ磬±ֵܡţֻúƣޱѣεĸо٪壬ɹЦ
㣡ţ嵹صͬʱ˫ס٪Ĳӣʵʱ٪Ѿˣȴǲʣŭ֮ɫ
磡ħʹļ׵ĺͬʱɱѾӽԵţ
ţֻҲһХȻɴʱţͷٴѣΣ²֪Ļ˹ȥ
󷨣γʷϣǵڶʹãഫһģ볤н飬ر͸Ϊ󷨡
һ۷峤ϵʵֹӴʮ󷨵֮󣬼ж𺳲ѣҲ¶ȵ顣


126 
Ị̇⣬⽻֯һ飬ʱʱоŵɱԼÿһλ⣬һѾʹߵʵʱҲܵǿѹ
ս۾ﾡǽ⣬޷ĺХ⻮ƿͬһУֻΧˮǼ׷ɵĽ
󷨵ÿһ۳ϵʵзŴʮֹĽϣһˣ಻
ϷЦţʱпͬһƣڷصıãȻ޹ĵһһ
ܹȥھ֧һ㹻ĹھʱҾͿԲѴ֮ɱԽԽ˷ܡ
ʼնûƶ벽ȻԭظֶûУƾ˫ȭ俪Щ
Ȼǿ󣬵Щߵĵʵʵ̫࣬ƾ󷨵ʱסȴȻܹô
۾󷨵İ֮зٵļƶķλпܣ뽫󷨿ڴУԱԺʱ֮衣
ҶһըУ֪ըըЩϣûǹɨһ飬˰ӵ𣿡뵽ԼЦˡ
ʱסңȴܹвңţħսЩһһɵҪһţʲôʧͻȻֱֲƤ΢΢¡
ƣ֣ã϶ʲô鷢ˣѵţˣͻȻһ뵽˫ȭ
䣡
ӭĽӴ俪ȭļǿеͬʱܵǿҵѹ
ﵽʮ˶޷ʱҲˡĽŲֻöԷеˡ
ɣͻȻХһ壬صҲ˫ȭ֮ˡ
ɫȭӭɫĽһΣûбըȴĶϽ
ȭ޼᲻ݣɫĽӭϺ󣬷׷׶ѣд
ôܣΪʲôӵжǿʵĿɿڴԵ÷ҵľ󷨣૵˵
󣡡ڶˣ֮պЩϽ֮󷨵Ѿ󽵡
ɣ˫ȭǣȭʮ۳ϱɳȥ
ʧȥԭеλãңʱɫͬǺ˵Ľ׷ʧǰֻʣ²پʧ룬Ŀ¶Ȼߡ
ʲô˲ŭˡ
ţڵϲʡ£ӢҲǱѪ߰ߣһѪȾ˫磬Χʮңŵĳػš
ʣµļʮ۳ңչ˻ս˫ɱţʱƺߵĵ¡
ţɱˣŭ죬Լţ˽⣬شԲᵹ¡
ħ޾ɢΧĳֻǿѹͬˮ಻Ϯ
ħ٪ʬ壬һ¶ߺ֮ɫղңųɱϣţɣħ׼ɱȥΪֳȴеһ
ֻħɱ޵ɢ˶ܵǿԼޱߵɱ⣬ħʱֻʣ±ĺ⡣
ʲôͬħһ㣬ɱ⣬̫ǿˡħϬͬʱһ𣬾˺ųɱħͷɱ˲ڿʱ˻սѡ
˶סˣң볤ｻս˫ͬʱֹͣ˶ʼˣֻΪ̫ǿ
ţ˵ͬʱѾţߣû˿ôģٶȿóг϶սľ
һ۳ֻüһҽУؿһʹֱӱһɴɳȥ
ɣٶȿ쵽£ÿһȭɱһ۳ϣʣµ۳Ϸ׷ӷ
Ȼһɱ۳ϣ⵽Ҫﵽʲôʵſ԰쵽ңŰ۾ɳˡ
ãֻʧѪ࣬ȥˡ壬ţȫĵطϢңŰ鷳չֵܣһҪ˵Ķħ
ңŽţ˹ȥ֮˺ʮɣʱΨһˣȴóٴС
Ÿʲôϣ۳ڴסĹھ
Ƿ׷жѾŭˣǿҵɱ£Щ۳ϴ˾󣬺ܺãҪһȽʮˣǲòɣ
ЦͻȻԭʧˡ
ʲôɱǣˡӢЦ¶Ժ
һȺ۳ﻹʱ鲼þƬ̹۳Ѿɱʮһ£ղˡ
ߣħǲúһ֪ĸоġ˵ħķȥ


127 
۳Ͼٽӭֻ˵·ߣ
䣬˲佫⼸·۳ɱڴ˳ħķȥ
һΣûκ˸Ĳе߷׷˱ܣʱûԸװǴϵҲʧȥЧ
ħʱ÷ŭȴޱȿ־壬ۼɱЩͬ۳ϾͬһѸ٣ΪȫĶ֡
ߣһΪֵܶŭɢĺѾ޷ݣɱϽˮֱӿħ
ս־壬ħѹ£˵ƽ̬ĸͬʱ˫ȷͬħ㿴
ͬʱֵĲ
յֵַܣǾҪвľ򡣡ֻһ٪ʬ壬˺ܶ࣬٪˳񣬿϶ǵֵܡ
ţһ˲ĸһ˱ɵֶΣǲţصˡ
뵽ЩԼʶ¾󷨵ҲֳԼһ󣬿º롣
£
Ѿߵħ֮ڣͻȻһħͬʱһͱŵĹڵء
ˢźĳħҲͬʱָȻ޷ƾնɱ
ֵǣҲҪˣƴˡħһ˺
ͬʱƴ֮£Ϊ
ϣ
ǰһ⻮һƬߣ촫ħбϵĳһ˵
򣡡
ֻŭ죬ڴ𣬳˺ɨȥȻͬʱˣȴоһʹĽ¾ȻɢʵʰĽ
ͨͨ
Цſ˹ڵأӦòǹ򵹣ˤŶԣ˰ɲǼ䱻ϡ
ѪȾ˵棬ʧȥ˫ȵħͬʱԵڵأҵʹŤˣ̲סʹ
ɱмˣΪﳤϣħĥô˵ȥ
վ˳ɱȥЩ۳ϼϳ֣Ҳ׷׳Χɱȥ
־𣿡֮ҲûͣϢˢˢĳ˻ӳ
ҵֱۣħһϬͬʱֽžնϣѪһأʹȥ
ǲô򵥾ģŰҾͶԲֵܡţģҲǺùġЦ
ʱѾ۳ɱϣȴͷҲأͻȻټļ۳ɱ
ӲͷƤɱϣȴСʱ׼ˡ
磬˲¸ͬʱһţƵֻ崫ľʹﴫѹҲ޷ܡ
Ҫɱң
үɱǣҪ
ħʱ򣬼ͬʱĬһϬ
ǿҵʹĵĿ־һӿļ䣬رǿаȵЦʱͬʱŻȥ
û·ɣ̤ÿؿһţҽ
ǣһ֮ѾʧȥھֵܹһŽһգۼ䣬ղŻһħ¡
ϵĽѾ󣬸оһɲĽתһȭȭͷֱӺڽϣ̱
ĵĺ˼ףǰӾԼԱģҪɱԼҲһ˲顣
ˣ˵ͬʱѾȴ
ĵĿһۣҲû׷ϣ۳ϣеɱͻȻǿˡ
Ҳôʷϳˡ
˵γ۳Ⱥгȥ
ɱȫ
۾ѾˣеĽ˿ͣʱвҽ
ҿ쳷ˣѾˡ֪˭Щ۳ͻȻγѵĳųǽȴ
ӣӣЦţһɱһżߣǱϻס
ң֮˿ļˣһߺ֣׳
شµ۳ԽԽ࣬ûܹסɱʵĹ࣬Ա۾ɱЩν۷֮ߡ
ٲľ룬ɱƬ̣֮£ʬһƬܹӵĶӻ˳ܲ
ţֻͻȻǧӳϼٷ£󲿷Ŀָ
СһƬЩ׷ױɵĵڵء
ң˴ʮҽУ⧲£Щżļѵֵң˸ǽԶȻвˡ
壬˺󡣡Ӣƺһͷȴͷһ֧ɱָ˼֡
ұӴȡ˴СػǹļӵȦϣһֱƵ䡣
ػǹӵξ͸ǰɣ
˫ֱӽٽصػǹӽٽԣԺԲƣڶǹܶ׼˳ǽ֮չߡ


128 
ЩչģоżߣȻ󲿷ֶǰ˼ң˼ͳ񣬶ŪһͷˮĿ
Ǽʶ±ȹɣǡ
ͻȻһЦаסػǹİػǹǿĺѹ²ôԡ
һߴˣƾֱŽӽٽصػǹϵӵҲмʮʱϹаЦ⣬ڴͬʱŪһл̵ϣ
ڵϿֻеӰŻ֣Ҫôˡ
̣ٿػǹҲƶţǿĻɨǽ֮ϵĳڡ
һɨȥڰĵ£һû״㱻ѡ
СģⰵǳѾʼɽȴбǿ־塣
˺սŲһĹھ̫֣Ψаزпܶһ٣ϸߺСģһΧɱϷȥأȻʰ
ಣԾ˳֮ϣػǹǿ󣬼˱ɨ䣬ʱػǹӵһŲʣ˫ػǹ㱻ϳɶ롣
ԺҪȥȡӵģػǹҲûʲôãɽ֮ǡý֮ųǽɱ
ǽǧ߼ߣżҲǧǸûܹ赲סĲɱɱɱأϸֳһ˿ɫϢɷеϢ
ɱɱɱԼȴȻ֪ĵƺиڿ𣬡ɱɱɱɱȺˡ
ӰɣֿˣֱǶħȶħֲһߴ
ħˣ
ħҪɱң
˫Ѿͨ죬Ժֻʣɱ֣£ɱ˵ٶ൱죬һӱɱĸ֡
ʱѾɱ˸ľսǽ֮ʬһƬһʱ󣬵ǰ֮ĳ˳ǽ
ң˺նɱӹ֮ˣΧݣ˴ҲûÿһΧɱοҲ˲ٳˣ֮³ǽӵĸҲѻȥ
ǽɱĸ߼̫ˣһȦһȦɱȥֱǽϲһˡ
ɱ̤ɽϵĹȥң֮Ҳû˳ǽңŰĿ³ģнңŵģϧߴıӰңŰҲԻϡ
ӢȻˣȴļţ׷Ĳһɱʹ죬Ӣиʹ졣
ţ˵չѾתˣѽǵöˣ
˴Ц
ţŷ֣ԭԼûĴʬ壬ţɴ۾ͻȻʵ壬Ǹħأ
ӢеĿţ˷ܵ˵ҪͿԿɱħˣħĺܲңͱ˵ٿרΪŰɱǵġϧûղδɱķһ¾ɱܶ೤֣ҵʵͶء
ǰɣһɱô۳ϣţզȻ֪ʵǿһɱôʵǿߣ⻹ţ͡
ӴţȴСǣ˿ڣɽгӢüëһ壺ţǿˣºúƣûѾˣΪ㵣ġ
壬Ҳˣţʱע⵽Ӣļˣеѯʵ
ˣҵʵܹллˣףѾɱɽȥˣҲȥɣӢıӰ˵
ңŰǰļϣ¶Ц⣬죬̧϶λɽ
оż۷ϰڵǵǱλҪʲôʧǵͷ졣ңŰһѸٵĳɽȥ
ɱһɱɱһҲɱɱⳤˡ߶ţɢɱɷ֮޲Īŵ̱ڵء
żѾ˹룬ɽϸǾżµߣ֮ڣЩǰûκεֿ
Źаâһżߣ̷һȥɱżߣɱԽ࣬ɱԽݣԳӰԽ
ɽϹĳˣһŽɽǰУɱ˷ԲɷΧ
ĳӳ˳ˣް취ЩӵľУɽҳһţ󣬸ͯʹޡ
ͬһȺѼһβϵԾֻҪżߣһɱĴϣʱѾӰ١
ңĲǰУ©֮㣬ңžԲʬ̳Ѫ·һصʬ壬һ·Ѫ
˫Ĵս˴֮˿ɵˣȫΧ˳ڰܲɽʱ۲ս


129 
ѣżԽ˳ͷѸٵĴӵϵȥľżţͻȻϲĽ֮ʯ뻳С
дµսƷѾʰˣǽϻսƷȻɵ˹̵ȥѵǡţһĻʱŭԲɡ
ңſЦҡͷʲôЦңŲŸسôҲø˴ӣʱȥ鷳ңŻܵ˴ɸϴѹ
ûа취ˣҪҲһֵǰȥѰսƷɣģһϹأٵġң̾
еһǽͷǳȫðǣٵǽռսƷ
ƴɱУȴսƷסûˡţֻԼˣڸΪ
а취ӢͻȻǰһ
ʲô취˵ţĿץˡ
ٵǣذ˴ҲͻȻɱȥɣֻҪ˴ɵ˲սƷһЩ߸û˸ҺԣңŸ־ͿնɱǡӢЦݵ˵
ܺãϿȥ˵Ȼͳˡţ
Ӣʮңֵı³ǽȥλ԰꣡ܲΪҼٴġ˵ȣһɲϳǽǿռսƷΥߣõƷٲɱİ˴ɡҲغߣΪУʲô³ǰ֮
Ӣ˵󣬼ʮңŸظĻƴ˲סЩϷԾ֮ˣмԾǽ;УŴԣȻֱˤȥ
ʮѾϳŵĸɵˣʲôʵҶһɵľ֣˭ָΪԼɱ֮
µĶϽȥ
ĳԱеõĶȥ
ٴµģǵģ¶ǻȥɣ
Ѿжתһϲٴ³
Ӣٵ˴˸Ҳӣʱ׷׽µսƷӢһ൱Щǰ˴ɵĶи֣ǿֻŵĵǸƷֵ̿³ǽ
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Σյʱ̣ѩ֩ҧһڣʱŷǰӢսʱոպãҪ룬ӢͱԼɱˡ
΢Цĳǿߵϣ߹ʱǿҵɱһݣ˲΢΢ˡ
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130 
٣ղſЦ棬һΪ߻ħأӢҲǰЦЦʱϵҲչ
΢ЦȴеΣѩ֩ҧһڣҸղŻ߻ħˣɱҲһܹѹ
壬ҿЦģţúˣѪϴͽˣӴϿзﻹиڻڱչУһҲóˡ
Ц˵ȴǳǿҵģ˭³Ȼ
ϢʱٴγɽϳʱɽһƬռţʬ⣬ûһεĻˡ
ڽӽɽʱɽڴ˷ڵĹһ۱㿴˴ϵӰ
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ǺǣŹˡⳤﱻҲռͽңŹɣҲһƷһ顣ųЦҲ˾ƷӣǰǾƷӳ֣ԼСѱ
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131 
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˵֮ʱͻȻһ׹⣬׹ٶȼ죬˲ڵϵĴϡ
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۾ɵ󣬿зеŤ׹֮ȴһ׸򾱱ߡ
ݶĸӣʳָƺճסʲôű͵ǰѪ
Ǳҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
ѪˡϾޱȣŴ뺰ȴ޷κֻͷѣΣͻȻ֮䣬ԴȻһߣĴӲ们¡
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ΪʲôЦ
չ˾ͿжһΣҲûڣ˵ҲϰɣȻεģһʹ÷ɽϮʵǿҲ类ɱˣΪʲôҪΪʲô
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㾹Ȼ壿㵽ĸɵģʵ
ȻͻȻ˵ǰ׳ջɵӣСүҽ壬ʲôСүҲǾŴɵģģֻСү鷳ʲôƨ壬Ҫսսɣ
ߣΪҲɱ㣿ܺãûаɸã׼ȥɣŷɽ


132 
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һһ࣬Ӱһ𣬲ʱǿɱӿ˳磬ɲǼѾƴʮС
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133 
ƴƴ˭ϽմȾԽԽѪе˵ģҲԼģɫĲ԰ס
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𣬿кɫâһ˫۾ĵдȲмζ


134 
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ѩ֩ʮҲǺǵģʱѪߵˣ˫ƴɱ£ѩ֩뻹ռ˾Եơ
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Ѫ޷ŭ֮µĹҲֻѩ֩ճ˼С˺ѪԼȴѪϣϾ޼űʵĲࡣ
ѪںϵĲ̫ʧˣǻͷצ٣ʵֹһϧֻһͷǺЦ
𣡡Ѫŭ֮£ȴǿʼˡ
ôѪ޾ȻǶ֣Ҹô죬뿪𣿡ۼԼڣ¶
ͣѪӣѩ֩Ȼ䱩ǣͻȻգʮ΢΢ţһ㡣
һϤİâѪޣѩ֩ڿзţ³İâһƬ˲γһ͸֩


135 
ԭǿĹʽ֩˿ٺ٣ǿľСЦ
Ѫܣκȴûѩ֩ٶȿ죬治Уʱֻܹѩ֩빥𣡡ѪһȲѾ֩˿ϣô˦Ҳ˦
ãܡٵĳϣٲȻǳڵķ
ಣ֪Ѫˣʱûָա
ģֱӡмˣ͵ĳԾȥڵɾȻԶ
ô£ôûеȥд󾪣ֻԼԾϿоûеȥ
ڵɾţԼоʲô֮ͬùάƽ⣬Ŵ߶С
ڤڤ֮Уƺ˷еУɫϲѧˣڿԲóڵķ֮С
û뵽ʱȻգŵĴ󾪡
ͣ
ڳ֮ʱͻȻһ̫죬޿ɶ㡣
䣡ֻһɴɼĳµȥһ죬ײ˼Ӳĵϡ
أŽһ裬ڿ裬һߴţӻˣ̫ˣ
ڿУͻȻԼָĸом
ǵʱҾ˵һΪԽʦľǿߣһᳩİ֮СڣȻǾǿߣɳʦʵڣһ޷֮Уһˡ¡
ˣǿˣҲһΪе𣬳Ϊ۷˻ˣͻȻĺ
𾪣ޱȵ𾪣˶ĺˣѩ֩ҲǶһͣûӿе
ޱȵİŵĿ
ʱڿУɢȻо۵ƣ˶йĤݵ顣
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ͨѩ֩һ仰ͻȻɿԵڵأˤ˸߻ء
ҿ磬ˤӵӶô磬˧ˡţЦ
Ѫ޲ĵŭţȫ̵֩ǣӴƴţϧѩ֩֩˿ôѵģҲһѡ
ѩ֩Ѿߣëë޵ĳȽץ˿С
ſңʵ
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ͬʱѩ֩볯ѪԾȥѪ޷ֵĺС
ѩ֩ĳȣѪ޵Ļͷ¡
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Ѫް֮иӱʮ޶ˣԼһеĿ־ӡ
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ǲҪɱҡĵ
ߣ㵱Сӣɱ㣬ôԣɡϸֳЦ⡣
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˭ģͷвңߵһŲؿڡ
ɽŵΧӣɽǸԶҲ޷ǿɣĵӶǿܶ࣬ɱңȻĺܲҡͻȻЦ
ޣʲôŵĵӣСү͵ǴɵĵӣϧҲֻСɫСɫˣ˭⣡Ц
ʦˣҪɱңһڵġ
ãԸڣȥɣ䣬նԴһ˫Ŀݺݵĵ
Ѫ޵İ֮Ҳţѩ֩ưͣ뿪Ѫ޵Ӵ壬ѩָָֻ֩ͷСģ
ǰɣ潫Ѫ޵ɾˣ֩ãҲ̫˰ɣѪ޵Ĳ״ɾ
óӹҵȻŹãҪ˯ˣˡѩ֩˵ûϢ
ˡ˵ȴɽʣĳڡ
үͬʱڵأ׷ģҲٲ˷ŭĶ
磬Щôţʵ
ߣɱ⣬ңţ¾ͽ㴦ˣֻҪϵ֮ʯڳܲҸƷӣøңŹˡЦ


136 
ңһ㶣пϲֵ٣˵ؽңţ򲻿ɣٴµĵ̣ң֮
Цһ𷴲ˣҪҲҪҪҲҪռ֮ʯ뿪
ңεĵͷ˸طϥˡ
˵ǿػѪҲˣʵ̲һɱնɱʣµľң¡
ڶ죬˱׼뿪ܲ˴δսջǧ֮ʯǴ󲿷ֶֻ΢Ժõģֻʮ顣
ңŲͱˣ͵ͣɽ£˸Ǻ
˴ΣǰķγǣܲγǲԶ˸պ;ơ
֮һ֮λȻڶγǵĳûʲôȤʦҪ󣬻հɣʦǴ͵ʱ˵Ļве㵣ġ
ĸҲ֪ôˣȢ3ˣҲûȥˣʦһϻȥƲأߵʣƲȬûؼңͻȻеƼֻȥ׽ˡ
һһ٣˰˼ݳһЦ棬ܹΪĴݳһһӶ飬ο£㹻˹ʮ±ˡ
ϳӣʮģͷ΢Щͺɫƣķ˪ް߰ףĵƵơ
ûлػֱӳγǷ򱼳ۣһǮ˳˳֣϶кܶ໤û취γΰһֱûкù
պĳСͻȻһȺסȥ·
ү˵סȥ·ϳü˵ȴЦЩҲ̫ˣȻĴҲǡ
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˵ԽԽֱݳħһĶħߣѩ֩򱻳Ϊħ֩롣
Цһţһ۱㿴ȺˣԼĪ10һĺɫӡ
ʿĽӣһ߹ʵ
ù·ߣøЩ˷ϻһʶ϶ԼѣǾûҪôˡ
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Ǹ˸ҵţǽ򣬳СүûŭϽĺȵ˧Ӫе飬ɱԼ֮ġ
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ʲôұҪȥҳ鷳û뵽ȴҷ뺯ѡΣٺ٣⡣Ц
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ţ԰꣬ΪСӰ顣ӢЦȰʱӢҲţƢһ˭Լٷְٻᶯӡ
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137 
ֻһ仰˱ˣƵϰһƲԣ̳˹úϢŭлú˵
ߣû£ʶľ͸ӹ˵һҲ¥ƹӡ
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һۣ˫ֻ£ŰˣͬݣɢŨҵɱ
ϰ壬ôˣС£һᴦġƹε˵
۾ž¥з飬ɶ࿴˼ۣȻǾż۷ߣԣҲǺܲˡ
ֵ˼ϳϣû뵽ϳϾȻ¥ϰ壬֪һǣҲ°Ǹ嶯ĺӾʧ˵
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ģڲүϾƲˣСĴүƾ¥ʲô˵أ۵ļһڵӣСӷ쭡ţӴСе
಻ڣţڣǰΪò鷳ţȡ֮Ψ²ҵԸ񳹵׵¶
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£ӢһЦţȴǽˣƻûתֻѾȥѵǸˡ
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֪۳ЦԸ֣΢΢ͷ
˼۳ϵͷ׷ŭһߵǰ
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ţԱ񣬷ЦЦˬо¥صϢ
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ŴɵϼңòƻǵһûǣĸС𣿡ЦĿ˺ˡ
ȻЦȴ΢΢һݣεѹɢȥ
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ǲܵġ΢Ц
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˼۳ϱܵ˵
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֣۳ͻȻ뵽ʲôޱȿ־壬ŵ
ϳϣҪɱǰͬʱ־˵̳ϣͬĽϳ¥


138 
磬ţƣţǷˣƲţԱЦ
۳Ͼϲˣɾ¥µƹˣƹĿɿڴ۳Ϊζǰ˹
Ѿ·ˣڵλѾγУԾǣγǾȻûгţΪʮΧʱڵλãȻڳΧڣңռ˳ܲȴҲûôٶȽռΪС
ʱ֣һɽסȥ·ɽγǳΧ
ɽ·ǰУɽԻŷɽΪɽ壬ΡȻֱƶˡ
γǵĴɽһűΪΣյشһ£û˸ɽоסģŷɽͬˣеɽ£һˡ
žֵɽͻȻһ̽ͷ磬ƺÿɽܣһޣޣߣƺҲɽŽܵϵ
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ΪʲôҪɱǣҲˡͻȻ˵
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ԭǾŴɼϮң˵ôôأЦЩ˼ȻҪɱԼǾͱԼĺˡ
һչ߹վĶ˸ӦҽжԴ㱻ˡ
ס֣㵽˭ΪɱԼͬʵ
ɱɱʲô飡˵ͬʱٴλӽնɱһˡ
ãǵĿꡣһ˾е
Ҳô𻰣ĳһ˴ɱȥȺͬըϣû뵽ɱĶȻɱɱ֡
һҲû֣ÿɱһˣһնɱʮ¸֡
ҹŷɽȿХһ£еĽ磬ʱâ
ϢڿſţЩ˴ûᷢ飬ôԶˣȴû뵽ԷȻ˽
ΪλɱԵе㾪ţĺȵ
Щ˾Ǹ֣ܿ㷴ӦΧסĽ⣬⽻֯Ŵ


139 
ĺãûжеսⱻЩֵΧɱĸǡ

ĻӳһڿзУҽ̴
һ֮ܵЩ˵ͬʱ־ʲôĸְȻ
ɱСүȫȥɣɱ⿪ʼӿֳһٴɱˡ
Ϊ׵ĺֻôʱɱ񣬶ħߵȻǸǵģһٶ˲䱻ɱʮˣϣԼһѾװˡ
βʱڿնÿδӿзʱȻһ˲ҽеء
һŴңԷУ˸޷֯ΧȦÿϮɱķ򶼲ͬǷʤ
һ˿ĺ⣬͵һ壬Ǳ֮ȥ
쵲סֵĽеֻǣˣʱٶȣЩﵲס

Ժƴķĳԥĳȥγɵâȫ֡
ϣ
еĽѵͬʱһֱǰ
΢΢һЦһ߿ߵʬ壬ٴɱˡ
ϴˣǿ쳷˾
ﳷЦһһڽ¡
ɽȣһȺ˳ʧȥ˼սûĿЩߡ
ӣħˡ
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Ƭ֮󣬽һĺ˿򶼵ɽС
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΢΢ţֻ뵽٣ͷԺһ㣬ǾٴΣգҲǰ涥š
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뵽󼲷ɣѩֱ֩һ꣬˲ʧȥټ
̵ΣӣûšԶԶأѾţĺ
ͷͻһţƽţѪǶԾŻѣԭزͣĲš
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ͷͻȻܵǿҵвѩ֩ӵ֮ʱͷѸٵŤͷɽϿ񱼶ȥ
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һصʬ壬ꤵȥѸٵɽƶ
ѩ֩ĿУ֪ղŵĶͷֻļޣ㲻ʲôޡ
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ɽѩ֩ǿޣǿɲˡ뵽ʼߴӿٶȡ
ʱҰ޷ĺУи޴ɽϵסȥ·Ǹ֪ѩ֩Щ޷׷׿־롣
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ͣǰйŹ֣˵
ǰ֮ͻȻðɭɭİסȥ·ϵɢţ͸ǳǿ
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˻ˣٽУھɱǡȻ˵עȴȫƬС
ƥһţȻĶſ־ȴûҽлˡ
ѩ֩Ҳˣǰ޵·ҿܲǶ֣أʵǿ󡣡
ʲô㶼㲻ǻǳسɡ˾Ȼѩ֩ҲûնԸޣǻǸϽˡ
ոյתͷ֮ͻȻһɭɭû뵽ʵû뵽ΪħߵȻҲẦ¡
ף֮оȻˣѵҲǺһĲɣ뵽
ʲôˣزصʲôӢۺúִ֪߳Ӷûˣһֻȥԣһᣬƴˡ
ϷӢۺúûҪ߳οԸǵģϷ˵ӦҲоˡЦ


140 
֩ãԷʲôޣȷ򲻹𣿡оǰ죬ȴ벻Ȼ
ѩ֩ƺʲôˣҸоǸԨԴҿͬ࣬Ҳܲǡ֮Ҳоǲҵͬࡣ
ͬ࣬ǾҲѩ֩ˣ̫˰ɣôͬ඼᲻ӵ
磬ɱȥʲôɱǸˣ޽ѩ֩ȥԸʲôţѾ̲סˣ˵
ţ嶯ǵپӢסţ⻹ǵһμֳ֮ɫ϶Էǰ൱Ź֣ȻӢ˽⣬ɱȥˡ
ţҲôɣͶϷɣһЦ
Ŵ϶ùˣϲŴһĻͲֻҲֵס
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141 
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142 
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ʲôĹаȵЦǿɱͻȻйЩ̸о׹ߡ
ʹ߼Ʋ̺ȵңӭǰС
γǣȫߣʹһ߷ɣʹƨҷһ鱻˿У겻ѡ
ħ߹Ȼ鴫ģӶ˾ͬʱ뵽
γǾŴĿ飬ľγʷϵһֱӽʹ߷ɵġ
һ֧֧ӻֱӢɽׯŴͬʱ˲ٸֲμӴ˴ʢᣬĳңȡ֮
ŪôƣקʲôקǵСүǲȺ˵аЦ
ʱ˴ɵ˹кֻЦŵͷӢЦ˴֮˺ѡ
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ڼǰֻСļβˣֻǽʱͬգڵʵЩɡ
ʹУγʷϵһĳˣˣʹĶˡ
ħ˴ΪпΣյĵһҲøӢɽׯǧˣԼͷɣ
뵽Ļʹ߲ӣʱ쭣ԼԴûˡ
٣Ӣɽׯʮ֮ңȻϲУС˾һ·ɫһǰаɣʹ뿪ˣΪҾͷŵΣȽħӭӢɽׯʱҲƹġ
µĿеĽֵ룬ׯ֮вŵγȻûгǽȷʵģƾԹʮƥĽֵͿԿ
ΰ˴˳ˣô߾ۼһɱڣγǴʱַǷʱ໥ţȻҲдӵ۵ߡ
˴ɣ·ʱҲʱߴӶ߳ŽֵվÿףߴӶ߳
˴ɣһɴˣǣûһɸֱӳк
ʱ֣˴֮Ѿִ˾ӢɽׯţŲδ򿪣Ϊ˻δ룬Щεſڵȴ
ΪңŻûǰͻȻʵ
ʹüͷһ壬С˵٣ңŴ˴ҲǱĶ֮һ֪ͨʱȽҲǻһҲǸϾǸռ쳤ĵ̣δȡ
ߣңŰҵѣ˭ҶԸң֮ˣǾҶԵСĸɵģǳˣҲġƽ˵
ǣٵѣû˸Ҷġǳ鲻ʱǰɣʹͷСĻش
ʹôģʹ߲ǺţôūһЦӣ֪Ҳʲô񡣡ţ̵
ˢЩ̲סνˡ
٣ǿ벻̡ҪӢΰĳˡʹ˿ɺųɵ˵
ƨҿЦҪ𣿡ţǺЦһҲںЩ˵ķӦ
ɱٴһţǰΪʲôܹʵأѵҪɱ˲ɣ
ȫס֣ɶ񣡡ʹߺȵޱȣƾγ
ҲǹΪʹߣѵģϾһ·ϱ˺üΣⲻˬ
ѩ֩ڣڳˣ˵ˣҲģԾҲûʲô
ԼĪʱ˲ŵִӢɽׯſڣǳʹҲʹ󸺣һҧгݣ󣬺޺޵뿪
˴ɴ׷ǰѣ֪ǣӢص΢ЦŻش
ӢڵʵЩȴһģЩ˿ҵ
ţŴ۾Ⱥɨӣû뵽ΰ˴ŮҲ٣಻ľżŮߣȻҲ°ˡ
ôţü𣬺ʵ
٣ҪȵʱſһĹأʹͷˣСĻش
ڿţšЦ
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֮˭ڴ˷
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ŴɵһɵĴϡӢС˵
ߣţŲܶԷ˭̵۾ȥɱڡ
ʮŭӣ֪ɵţɴϴ˿ֹԼҲ
ӴۣͦɣСүȥݷһɵкι֮Ȼ˵ôק
˵ͬʱƵӵƣǴɫ䡣


143 
䣡
ǳͻȻģһźݺݵ˾ӢɽׯϣӴƣǿŷıըȴֱӱ߱
ߣǽȥЦкţӢ˿ǴϷŭ飬˽ȥ
ддɵĴ뵽˵߾ߣֻ˵ͣظĸ֡
İҲȥݷ𣿲ģɡ
ǣɴϿɸַ׷׽ţдŭȴ޿κΣݰǺǿҲɼĶ֡
ʮ߳˴ţɵĸ֣Ҳܵ˳ǰЩˣеȤЩ˺
λһŴƼȣԺᵽһʹ߸
һᣬ˳ŴҹֺѣУȻһŮӣ俴ȥҲʮ
٣ǳ֣ųƾŴ󻤷ÿһߡʹ߽͵
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ǰ·ﵽһ޴ãùΪʮһطѾ˸ɫˮÿϺõơ
գգţ۾ۼЩŮдԱϣÿطʮŮӵţڴķ򣬸ʮŮӵ
٣룡һǸŮ˵
ѵ£ŪŮд湻뷨ģȣţɫǡа롣
һһŮһ΢Цվš
ŮţЦ˵ĿŮ¸
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٣ؽˣһҪƯŮ̼λ֪⼸λܷλۣŮһӣʮŮӱ
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֩ãţӢİȫͽˣЩŮһ춯ɱ⡣ѩ֩˵ѩ֩˿вš
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֣ٷ֮ٵĸ֣ţ֪˭ǵƾֱǿҵԤУ˾Բǡ
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˻ǲţһɲ˵ΣγжֲߣһһȻھƷɡ
Щɵĵǣ߶ƺ˴гһͲöԸЩɸַ׷ĺֻ뿪Ƿ֮ء
Сͷʢû뵽ӵôĳȻһ˸ˣӢ۳갡û뵽ɣּˡ
Ʒӽŵһ仰Ǻ˵ͬĽӰ㣬ƷӾȻЦ
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ۣƷӡ˵ӰһţˤپƱЩ죬ǳǮҲԲͷԽԽˣڼ㡣Ц
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СγǸֱƷӵģǾһˣȻҽϷͷԽԽˡƷӴЦңŵλ


144 
ͷγǸֱСүСģǾһˣȻҽСүСԽԽˡ۾Ц

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ȺȾƣʲôһ飡λӢۺúҾһЦȴš
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žƷҲ˵Ϣʱ̿־ˣԼǿɳ¾Ʒڼʮǰɱγˡ
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ǰ㴮ţ
һԺ˵ȴֲ赲Ʒӡ

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СӻôɲáϷγνľ֣ش֮װɣƷ۴Ц⡣
΢΢һЦĹȥܷ⣬ҴûҪȹȥҪȵڡƷӣѾ֪ˡֻ㣬ұݣǡ
ǳʹɵɵվʮ⣬˶ѣƷƺѾȫĴڡ
Сӣӱ֮ϣ츳֮ϣݶʤϷϷ򵱳ôû׷ϵأƾոԼŪǿĶֳ֣֪ǶԻǴ
Ʒץʯϵһƣɣ졣
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Ʒӣûдڸһλᣬ㻹ǲɱҡңɱ㡣ȣ㻹̫ʴˡЦ
˵Ʒʴȣ»Ц˵ƷȴĬϵ̾
Ϸ㣬Ϸ˼ɵ̫࣬ǳţηһ죬ҲᱻĥûǡƷ˸ǵĹâ


145 
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磬ʲôò˯ˡţӵұǱƷӵŵһкǧ
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ǺǣЦһϵͻȻʧӰ٣Ʒһ˿ȣû뵽ƾȻ΢ĵز
ЦվԼǰȴ޷оĴڣǰƺڲһʵþƷӾȵǣ֪ʵ¿ǳ֡
ƷҲ˲ɢˣ˵ƷԽԽˣԼʱӰӣұԼʱ񣬸ţҲȷʵʵȥȥš
СӣϷˣֻΪȰ㣬Ҫֻںʵγʵûô򵥡һǣɽ磬ͻףڵʵҲ߲̤ϣɱ㣬ɸڵĸ־Ϳ԰쵽ƷȰ
Σ죬һ죬Ҳˡ춷ģҲôģҵ֮·ˣһȫɵ˵ɱˣɱ𣡡ŵ˵ңԶΪھҪԼѹģǰҪġ
ɵǰ谭ˣڸɵԺ谭ˣʲôµģ޷һο鲢ûƷ˵ô⡣
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Ʒӣÿ˶㣬ŵʱһбĲͬγǵˮᡣΣܹΨеĽȥսҲайϵΣߣ֪ˡ˵Ϊǰ½ͻɱҡЦгŻš
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뵽ƷĪĿ־壬ĻԽе
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Ӣɽׯһá
ŴɸԷֿҲйϵĺõİվһЩ򿿽һ
µĳڸλвҲ뾺Σλγеٮٮߣ磬٣ʮĳǿߣҲԳ֮λȤɣ֮ȤĽԱ֮нյʮѡˡ
γǳ֮λ߶ɣЩ߶ԣγǵĳ֮λߵҫһΪζųΪγˣƾǲǮȨŮһ١
֮λŴ˭ǻ񣬾Ŵ֮䳤ս˵׻Ϊ˳֮λ
ңţ˴ɷ׷˱ѡ֮λȻûһʵ
Ŵÿֻ˲μӳѡЩɴͬҲֻһȴһ
ǰҲ֮λɣСʵƷμӳѡԼûûˡ
ߣϷѹѡ֮䣬Ȼ֣Ϸ򿴺СӶȡ֮λƷЦ
𣿡ѯʵ֮ǰļƻǳûɱϧ˾ƷӣҲ˱
μӣѸٵ˵
Ʒ¶ʧ֮ɫȴҲû˵
ѵ֪ûɱԹⲻμӳѡһμӣԼҲ˸ǿľ֡
˻һɶЦˣһЦĺܿģμӣľֱ˳
ȷμӣɻʵ
Ź֣ͻȻ¶׵ݣЦĺܲá
ɫ̱ˣЩ֮ҲǷ׷ױɫμӣŹ֣ԣǾҪμˣղŲ˰׸һ
СӣЦȤϷ򶼲㱻ƭˡƷӺˬĴЦ
һЦƷӴңҲμӣǲƷӣӣǲγӣԻǲμӺˡ
ߣٺõĺҲ̲סˣһ
ʲôߣȻɱ㣬ôߣЦ
첻Ҫ֣ԶΪѡˣ㻹ȴ˵ɣ󣬱սŭĵ˵˼ԣȴ˲ʸͱ
¶ŨŨЦ⣬ۿҪʦĵһôܻΪһ֮ڶأ
Ƭ֮䣬бѡĸ־ǩԼ֣һڴݲͬûһ¡


146 
磬ǿʳ˭ȭͷӲ˭ϴ󣬳֮λôȻһĵ˭ݣǿ֮λ˭ġ
ĹǺղ̫ˣǣй˼ɾƷڳҲֻǿŭ
λγ֮λ¹شԭֻоŴ֮˲ſԲμγѡظı˹ֻҪʵ˶μӾѡγԣ˲ѡ֮λξۼҵĿģͨ䣬ǰʮѡˡ̨ǩԵѡ˵ⷬʱлںޣҲʸμγѡġ
֮ǰļƻǽǾƷӵĵóʧȥģвŸơ
ɳĻһսپ֮ƶȡ֮λȻܾƷӣҾͿԻȥʦһˣʱŪͰȫˡš
γǩͻȻһҪǩˣ֮λڱصá˭⣬һսɣ
ã˵ĺã֧СӣˣҪô롣֮ʱƷѾԼ̬ȡ
֣زƣ֣浱Ŵɲڲɣŭˣȵ
ŴʲôСүûСʲôɣʲô¾ʹûѣǰ֮ͷЦ
磬̫ˣţЦ
ڳŴ֮˾Ǹ֣һ仰ɫ࣬ЩƢ֮˶νˡ
Ŵʲôã֣λҷ𣿲վڱһߣС֪ŴɵʲôҲܲþƷǷڳˣŭ
գۼ书򣬾Ŵɳ˾ƷһûȫܳһˣЩɵĸԥ֮ɫ˭Ҳǲֻܹͷվм䡣
ǰңҲǾŴ֮ˣѵžŴɱ𣿾㲻ںǷǾŴɣңŵѪͲںѡ񣬾ңŵĴúÿɣҧ˵вƷѾð˺ܴķˡ
Ʒɫһųɱ⣬ݺݵĵ˳һۣſС˵Ķԣһ߲㡣ңѪϷںںϷԺһлÿԼڣϷ޷ңŵĴϷѾںˣвϷǴˡ
Ʒϵıƽɱȴǿҵɢ
ƷӣҺҽһѪϴ˴𣿡âһͻȻʮʵ
ͬʱѪϴ˴ɣ仰ϣԻᱻΪǷӣƷҲ˵ͬʱѪϴ˴ɣԣ仰ȴ˵ĺɣȻƺֻǺƽ顣
Ҫŭˣ˴֮˷׷ŭˣԵ޹ʾҪѪϴ˴ɣѵ˴ֽĲɡ
Ȼ˴֮Ҳ˿ʼƷ֣ʵԲǸǵģ˴ɿ϶Ԫ
ƷͻȻּĸо⼤ֻά룬űɢˣԼԣѪϴ˴ɣǽңŴĵ·
Լ˲Ҫңſµó״γʷʧˣûЩߣ˵ԼҲѪϴ˴ɵͷ
СӣϷ㣬Ѫϴ˴һ£Ϸ򲻻롣ϷȻѡվģƴһҲᱣ찲ȫɱˣϷ򻹵սһأƷ˼ԣ˴ΪУȴỤס
ţ㲻룬Сүһ˴ɣûУȷӳ٣ͬ𣿡ɱԽԽŨ
ԸЧҳˣ˹ͬˡɵĵĺ
أһЦǳɣЧҸΪ档
ܹΪŴɾĸ֣ЩĸǾϸ֮ˣȻһĺǲζɱȫڳ
漰ɵ֮£ŴѡȨʲôҶ֪Աʵ¶˼֮ɫ
Щԥɱֶ˼֣ǼǺˣѡ񽫾ǵδɵһ֮䡣վڳһģĵˣҾԻһɱȥ
Ʒһϣ˵Ļǳвû뵽ЩɻһףϼҾȻѡվһߡ
ãϼ壬Ƕ֮٣ǵѡӢġЦ
лл٣ϼҴϹ˵
Ŵɣϼʵ۱ɣһֱѹһͷĳϼҿµĻᡣ
ߣϼңǾ͵Űɣ뱾ΪУŹǵġ˵
ԥƬ̣ߵһʱվһߣܲҲɰɣ
΢΢ĵͷЦ뱻Ѫϴɵģٶȹɱ⣡
һֹһɣһɣǱɡ


147 
٣𣿡һ߽ŵʵ
ߣͬʱ˵
ʱ󣬳ɫѿԼһȻֻɣԷȴвֶȡɵ֧֣ңţɵĸ֣Ǳ߷
ܺáվߵɣҪҾ֮λ𣿡Цʵ
ңңѡϼԶ˳ѡ
ٲѡȨ֧ٶȡ֮λ
ĲŻѪȴȫû뵽ģǰ꾹Ȼвֶȡ֧֣̫˳ˡ
֪ɣ˸һս𣿡Ц
Щ˾˳òƻû˸ҡ
зƣȵֻ֣ѡʮѡˣ֮ʽѡһսɣ
ô˵Сүûôģб£սɣֳʤ˭Ӯ˭µĳЦ
㣬дѵΪֻҪͿԳΪң㵱ιŴɣߵ˵
Ҫǵ˳ɣϷǵĵ̣ø֧ҵļɡʱ˭ˬ˭ôһ仰ֲ㽫Ρ
֧ļͬʱ¶ϲı飬֮һɱŵĲᡣ
γǵ߶֪ѡ٣ڸܵߵ
ôôãɱ˳ҾǳλΪΣɢɱǿҡ
֪СӣΪôɱ̫СƱˡֵĳͻȻЦЦϷⶼͣҲ
ɢһӣһī̵ķɽϷɽɢǿڳͷ֮ϡ
Ȼߣ˾ȻϢ̫ˣվߵЩַ׷ױɫ
ڼɽ֮ʱͻȻжӰٵĸվ˳һ
Сʦܣĸ֪СӸԣڱɱһʮ͵Ц
λʦ֣ĶԶ˵
Ʒɫһݣ˲İʮǰһΣֹԼɱ
ãȻǰɱͱȽ鷳ˡȻԤϣлΪ֮һ
֩ãǶˣԶԸ𣿡һʱѯʵ
һһҵߣһӦûûﵽڣ֣ҲӦÿԶԸѩ֩ŵ˵
¶Ц⣬Ȼѩ֩ԶԸǶͽԼԸˡ
Цû뵽ʦȻӵΪĴʦ֣ʦʵҲԼǿ٣ξԸѩ֩룬ԼһҲԴơ
ʦ֣ʦ֣Сһֻѩ֩룬鷳λʦֶԸˡջ˷ɽɷ˵
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ǣѩ֮֩ʱЩڵĻᶼûˣ꣬Ҳһοӵѩ֩룬Ǻʤ㡣
Ʒӣ㵱ѡʶľͱ֣ɱ⣡ˣ֮ǰоƷһǰʼֱ
ⲻǼʮǰǱӵľƷ𣿹ϴûɱҲ֣ɣʦЦ
ƷһӴûʱپѪӿǿɱӿ
СӣϷ㲢ΪսʮˣϷҲһʱĸо赲ߣƷӱȲ붯ˡ
жԾƷӵĺøֶ˼֣ƷӣΪңŵѪ֣ұǶˣѾм֡˵ɡ
ߣϷԼѡģСӣҡϷѾ˰ٶˣξƴˡƷѾƲסеɱˡ
ãǾͷִɱɣͷһ۰ɣνʣɵĺ

ʦһͻȻðһ̹⣬̹ڿзƣ
ɽ֪Լ㲻Ϊߵķɽ˸û㣬ֻ΢΢۾ɢĺ⡣
ͣ
ѩ֩ǰзĶǷɽ³һââǱ̷ɽӴһ죬ɽѸٵļˡ
ѩ֩룬Ҫɱ㣡ʦּѩ֩赲ŭĺٴδ߶ɽ
ʦ֣һ֮ʦҲȡɽѩ֩롣
ʦСģ㹦ѩ֩Ӳƴʦѵ
ͣѩ֩뷢죬ܱ߿ͻȻӿֳƬİ˲佫ס
Сʦܣ㿪ʦ־ȵ
ѩ֩ͻȻڿնǿȫ֣һâϮˡ
δĶ㿪ǰѾǰ
ɱһһâҲͬʱŭһٽɱ


148 
ַ׷׶㿪ķΧ˫֮ͬʱչս
ƷӼǶѾѩ֩סս¿˳µЩ֣ţսһš
ѩ֩һߣϷòûжˡƷеƵվڱϡ
Щµĸ֣һƷӣ˭Ҳǰ׷Ƶ
Ʒӣտҵֵܣлˣо͵ţӢ˵
ŶλʦֵʵƷӲ֣ԼһҪѸٻ
ɽ¶һ˿ЦķɽҲǱɽרƹģĽδƣˣֻܹŽȥķɽ
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ôô죡еķ䶼ãѸٵĴ߶ɽطѸٵĶ㿪Ĺ
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Ȼ֪Ҳӵɷȴû뵽ʵȻԼҪǿжʱе㾪š
սûʵҾԲκλᡣ
еĽ˿ûͣǳķɽҲһֱƣ޹Ҳֻܹսս
ƷӲʱţӢˣʱţǳµĻƴɱһ˶ս
ѡһսߵļɣʱҲǸ־һĸҲԽԽ࣬ʱиִ
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߸սսʱзʹѩ֩һԷзһ꣬ʧӰ١
ߺʵѩ֩޼ѩ֩ȴзصı죬ˣ߷С
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ֻؿͬײһӲʯͷϣҶðŨŨɫ棬ȻԼǿʵһɡ
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ĽڽӴȵɲǣͻȻžĴ죬Ȼ䱬ըĻƾǳߡ
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̫СߵķˣղֻǷصһҲôǱˡƷӴЦ
ˮܿ˻𣬴òпӣˮ飬ӦҲڷɣһӣһżıС
ˮ飬ĹͷͻȻֳԼʹ÷ϲ
ˮ飡һˮ߸ˮѸٵӭȡ
ôӵôǿķ󾪣ˮ̲صȻȻɽ߳ࡣ
ôܣֻзҾͲܹ𣿡Ц


149 
ˮͬڵͽ׷ȴǵͽ׷ĶףȻȿԶԸġ
һΪм߼ÿֶַΪϣУƷ
Ȼڼ߶ԣгƷǺܲˣˮȷʵƷǳȻǾ֡
ϾƵģҪڵʵԼһĲϣſԽơ
ˮıƽɲǼ࣬𷨱ʱԼˡ
ͣˮײȺˮཻ͵
ôٴδ󾪣ȾȻˮȫײˣҲȫˮıϨ
ҲͶʱˮķ̿־ˣƷԼʹ÷Ҳ赲
ⷨŪأýնɱȽϺãˣýɱɣ˵Ϸʵıһš
ȻƷϷҲһƷزˮʱһҪһۣƷѰ˼ôķƷӻΪġ
ɣḷ́ûôǱȻռϷ磬Իʤ׷ԷκλᣬҲİԭ
εĶȴڿ𣺡ʦ֣ң
֩ãסǶһҺܿҪɱˡѩֱ֩ͨӴ
ѩ֩սӼңΪһͻΧһסಫ
նɱƸǣ
γǷˣսʮҲսУռЩơ
ڷƴɱǴҶעžӢɽׯսּʤⳡսĹؼڣһǿƵԺɨγߡ
Ӣɽׯڣɱ죬Ѫ⽣ӰУƷΡȻʱֻţΣʱһѣҪľȴǼսС
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ֵţϵĺⶶһţһȫ͹ѩ֩ѩ֮龹Ȼס˶ʦ֣ԼȻĶ֡
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ѧе߾磬Ŷ佣󾪣ֻ÷շɽȥС
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ѩ֩ʮͬһĳͻȻһ󣬲ʮӭȥ
ϣʦͻȻЦ


150 
ͣѩ֩봫һҽУ½Ӵʱǿ޷赲Ⱦºնϡ
мССһ޿ԵֵģҪɱˣʦŭʦˣɱеĵˣʦ
ѩ֩ĲҽУһʹ뷨Ӳƴض
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ڲߣԱŭѩ֩룬ܹӵһ٣ʦּûüӦֻȫҵʹ

ѩ֩뼸ȴŲʬڿлţʦ徹Ȼŭѩ֩Ϊ飬ž紵ɢڵϡ
һѪ꣬ʦֵĲҾɾθжģѾм߿ʼŻ
ʦܣʦֺŴ߶£ʵһǹ֣ͨɫ޼᲻ݶм
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Ϊһ仰ѩ֩ͻȻѸٵСʹ಻š
ˣԭҰɣҲˣ죬ʹ࣬Ѫģԭңѩ֩ͻȻ
֩ãԭˡһֻ֩߷ɣϹȥв΢Сŭ⣬ѩֱ֩ܵ˳޵ĹԼ
Ѫޣޣޣ˽Ҫ΢Сľʹ಻
ˣҲˣҵȣҿڳġõģȥչˣûʲôͱˡѩ֩˵ʧ
սߣһʬһȶӣһĶ־ʹ߽⡣
ˣӾӢɽׯԶԶĴʱ֮󣬼γ˶֪Ϣ
ɱ˳ҲֻһˣЦЩɱĳһĸ֡


151 
һ׷ĸֱ㶼ʧȥս⣬ߵȥǳ׿־
Ʒӣ㲻ҪҲսɣ˭ɱĸֶ࣡ʼ˵꣬һһż߱Ѿɱ
СӣˣƷӴӰһӶһƬµĸַ׷׵ء
Ȼö֪Ʒöֻ֣û뵽ʱʹó𣺡ԹǣԼͷ͸Ӱɣ
Ӣɽׯڣһ׶һʱ߳ӡ
ʮ΢Цĺ
ϷѾɱʮˣƷӴЦ
Ƭ֮䣬Ӣɽׯ־ɥµĸͬɵĸ֣ʱɾƷӱİӣ־һɱ
ư磬ȫɱˣ̫ˣҰɣţܱѾֻʣһƬʬ壬ߵĸ־ԱƷɱһɶ
ӢɽׯĸɱȥЩֵļ룬һ̿ʼܣƷӵĳ֣Щ˵
ħ߳ˣƷҲɱˣҿӰ
Ʒ˸֣˶ҪˣɻŸ
ȻһԭǶħ߱ȾƷӸ£ɱ˲˾֪еѩ֩ɱ˳ߣЩּɵ
ףͷѩ֩أôˣѾĿ϶ǵСˡͻȻ
һƬңƷѾֹͣɱ¾û취̫̫࣬ңɱ˾Ͳˡ
ңԶһɽͷϣһֻѩ֩ǰˣȻǵѪˣѩ֩뻹˸ޱȡ
ޣǻ۹˵ޣΪηͷѩ֩룬Ŀѩ֩Ҳƣھβѡ
ˣǸһ̫£ȥҲս⣬ȥҲˣ㰲Ϣ߰ɣȥɽңˣҲġѩ֩̾̾صʧ
γǵսΪƷӵĳ֣Ѿһ浹򣬶ƷֻƶЦԼֻ¶̲ס̴սһ
СӣɵüͰһºԼ֮ˣϷ򲻻ġƷӹЦ
ƷӣˣذɡŵЦ
ãϷȸǣϵط㣬ڣƷӴЦƮȻȥ
ڣֵЦ⡣
ɱҲȥˣ޾鷳ںأƷһսҵ̷شȥĸʦˡ̾Ϣ
ɱϷ⣬ʵΪԼǳ鷳ޱȵġ
ɱ˳ǳ𣿡վھӢɽׯϣ
ǣ߻Ӧ
ϲγ٣һʮʮ٣γǶصŹϲΪ
к֮£ЩͶľһɣЦԺЩ׷׵ͷ
磬Ȼк֮£Ҳ̫˰ɣţа룬ߺ˶û˵
ȻһѪĶħ˵Щ׷߶ʱһƬ蹦̵£֪ĻΪԩһаĵĳôܹħأӦýŶԡ
ûг뷨ӢϼƺֱӽʵʴȨøϼҡ
ϼϲ񣬶ȴظʦԼĵһˣڶҲԼһɵġ
սɵһʯҵһصɽչء
˼ʹ֮ʯһܼӣӵе֮ʯ̫ˣЩ֮ʯƷȴͨ
ϥ˫֮һ֮ʯɢ⣬˫ֱַ֮У֮ʯâںϡ
ߵȫǺɫ֮ʯұߵȫǰɫ֮ʯһ֮ʯЩ֮˼Ҳܼ̾ӡ
ţӢһɽУţͬʱü֮ʯһӢз˼ԣţ̫˷ˡ
ӢСȡһȭͷС֮ʯţЦˣ壬ô벻ô֮ʯһ̫ˡ
Ӣɫһһû˵˷أȻ˵ҽԼ֮ʯŪģǵýԼһ㣬֮ʯþһ졣
壬ûЦɣ֮ʯģȻô֮ʯţŵ˵л͵ЦϾɱһΣٵõǧ֮ʯ
ӢͻȻ̾ϢţɽвʶɽĿ㣬ȥ٣һܹŪض֮ʯ
ţЦͻȻסˣ⣬ԼûشһȥŪ֮ʯ򵥣ԼȥŪ֮ʯǷǳѣ˵֮ʯûŪСȴûˡ
Ǻǣ˰ɣҪڼһ㣬֮ʯװӢЦ
壬ʲôأ֮ʯúˡ˭֮ʯסˡ


152 
磬Ž˷ѣķﰡţɴ۾ɨŵЩѾʧȥ֮ʯ
Ӣȵ嶼ٿù֮ʯһӵҲ̫ˡ
΢΢һЦǱˡЩ֮ʯûôƷ̫͵֮ʯûʲô̫İƷõ֮ʯһ̺൱ڵǧ顣һǧ֮ʯһʱ䣬ȫõɣ
Ϸǿ۽ˣӢ̾Ϣ
һºңһСϣ̤ĳȥ
ƷӵԼʱǽ¹ִأƺҰһʵ¡
һɫİֱۣǰɫͬͬڶһ㣬ɢǵĹâ
佣˸һְȻڵĸоЩ߹˲ɷ׷Ϊ֮𾪡
ÿͣһϲңҲֵˡ
һ죬˫۵ɵ󣬿૵˵
ɵѾͷʲôΣǿĴƾ㣬𣿡һ˵ͺȵ
ӣؼҰɣ˼ҿˣЩ˱ôʣСĵű˷˼ɻ䣬ǻᱻɱͷġһŮϽ椵˵
ţӢǺ£ţͬˮɢƾˣǲڱϳصĴ󵶣һ㲻ǺǵĻɫ
ӢȴЦ⣬ҡһȣһϹܼҵģսƷӳ˾ġ
¹£һɽ֮ƷվΧľȫһע⿴޷쵽Ĵڡ
ˡƷһ˫Ȼб⡣
ƷӣͻȻһԾɽ
ƷǰţӢͬʱ˵
ˣƷ΢Ц˵ţӢͷ
ɣսɣŵĹʣƷһսġ
ã˲ܹʹ⣬ʲôֶζʹɣóȫʵϷԲὣġƷȻ˵
ͷʹսʤƷӣǸûκ塣
ţӢͬƷɵļ˷׷׺ˣγǶŸ֮սԾˡ
Ű½ʥ˵ãлʶһɣǱԽɣսԽǿң˲ʣһɫĹâ
ãϷþûܹһϳ̵ĸˣ׼аɣ
Ʒɫˮиǹž޲΢΢۾ƺֻ֡
΢΢̣޵Ц⸡ֳĶǿ˲䱬
Ʒͬ˾еĶ֣ӵ֮ͬʱƺ侪ˡ
ţӢ鲻Խˣ֮ǿսֲ̫ˡ
ļʵƷӵȻ˫âǰ꣬˿Сơ
ƷӣҪ˽ˣóȫʵɣͺȵڵɾȻļжʵ
СӣģƷٴһΣҲﵽļжϵʵ
ǿƣû뵽ƷӾȻҲɸ֣ѹѡչؿʵܾƷҲô׵ġţ̾
½ʥǰѾﵽߵ壬ܸٵġңųϲ˵
ߣţߵһ۲գĶǰĶӰͬʱӰѾˡ
ӰͬʱԾ𣬽֮еһ㣬Ӱ˲䣬һ֮ʮ佣ȫС
Χ鲻Խĺг˫ͬŸ֣Ѿﵽߵ߾磬ţĿҲ޷ȫ˵
ƷӣȻ鴫
СӣϷ𾪣
Ӱͬʱֿͣ˾ƷվĵطƷ˶֮
Կ죬˻൱ȻԶ˵Ĺ°ԸȻ֮䣬ٴα
ɫӰͬӯڿзڣڿеĶ̶˲䣬˽Ѿﵽ˸Եļޣʵʵʵʵ飬ÿһ֡
Ӱٴεķֿͬʱ¶֮ɫİӱƷӵĽնڵأƷӵĳ򱻴ƣ¶ǰʵӲļ⡣
ü΢壬ƷӵĽȻĪ⣬ղǷӦ죬ֻѾˡ
Ʒ۾еøˣȫԼ֮⣬ȻǿԴԼĳۡǰһʵ΢ľżߣھȻܹԼƽһս츳Ʒܸ
òǧѧţҪңЩʵԶԶƷӱ˵
ʦΥұ㣡һηĸоĿǼᶨ
У
ƾԾʮ֮ߣ˫־ٽȥ򵥵һУ޻ʽԣ̺ǿȴþƷΪ֮ݡ
ಣƷҲԾͬһն


153 
Уײһ𣬷¡ıըײһУں϶˵ľʵƺεȾˡ
ͬʱǿɳȥֻؿһƣһѪ˳
Ʒͬܣǿ𣬽Ѫ߰ߣֻڴѪ
ɱѪսǿƾհڰ֮С
߾ƷȻҲ䣬˿С
Ĭһ㣬ͬʱУֵһʤУ˫ϵӭϣ˲ϱɡ
ƴ˼޼ʱ󣬶˾ԵǱ֡
Цҡҡͷ첲Ѿ˺üطѪȻѾֹס½ȴȾˡ
ǾƷҲòȥɫҰףӲƴôãһôҲûֵؿ½ҲѪȾˡ
磬˰ɣʵ࣬ȥҲǶܾˣ˭ҲûôţеѪţֻһʹѪԼһ
޷սʤϷϷһʱ֮Ҳ޷սʤ㣬磬һսƽ֣սΣƷͻȻ˵ʮ֮䣬Լսƽ֣ƽ٣ԸԼ̨£Ҳӡ
ˣ˫սƽҶҪˣӢɫһϲ˵
УҽһҪֳʤһģǱģܾ˾ƷӵĿȻ͸¶ޱȵļᶨ顣
ߣƲԳԷƣƷͻȻŭˣԼţȴû뵽ȫӡ
¶һڽ׶ݣһЦѵƷΪԼҲʵô;ˣǧ֮ʯȫƷʲߵ֮ʯһˣڵҲٳɶࡣ
ĲȥǵѪɢаȵЦ⣬ƺһоС
ϷԺ㲻ҪʧȥģԺһǿǾԲڡ
ƷΪţ˲һֱûʹȫʵȻĿƷҲܲסˡ
ھƷĶߣԲκߴԼΪԽߣԽǹ°
ôǾóȫʵɣ˵ȻӮ㣡ҵĳŵұеЦƺŵǿұ֡
Ʒŭˣڵʵ壬ǴﵽԼļ£Ĳһ硣
ǿʵƷӵɫɢޱߵĺ⣬ƸǱһֹԴԴϵѹ糱ˮһ㳯ܱɢ
ǿֲ̫ˣүܹܾƷӰɣţ̷ʮɣŸоѹСһ㡣
ӢѾ˵쿴ĵطӢʵŸովżڣƷӵƾѹӢҲܲˡ
٣Ӣ˵ŨŨĵǡ
磬򲻹ͲҪӲţǧҪסֵԺ׼أţߺƽһζûġ
ţ
ƷڿһԾγһӰͬӰֽ
ĽͬһУۿžҪ֣ţ֮ͣ
Ʒӣʵ𣿡ͻȻЦԾƷӵǿ֣Ȼη֮⡣
оأ˾Ʒӵļ޹ŽԼʵޡ
һǧ֮ʯڵѾﵽ弶һ硣
һ磬ʵֹһƷӴһ͵ĳȥ
ˣаȵһЦ׼Ʒӵı壬һӳһ˲䣬Ȼͬɽһ㡣
ʵ޻һһȴƽǿһľƷӶ޷ȫ塣
ôܣ弶ʵãƷеĽסֻһɴһ죬㲻ķ˳ȥ
˲ʧӰ٣ڽƷӻɵɲǣջĳ򣬾ƷӾ㲻Ҳòзϡ
Ʒ֪ԼˣзԽԼ꣬ޱȣȴǻ۹ˣȻһֱʵԼķڷ
磡γǵľƷӣţĺֳһ˿⡣
ϲ٣Ӣһ˲ݺᣬԼܹγǵĴӢ֡
ǰңżʧеѸٵĳƷӳȥ
ƷӲͣĿѪϵòɫ԰ֻֽڴѪȾ˽
ҰˣȻͰˣƷӵֳŽվҰ׵ɫ¶һ˿ɬЦ⡣
ܾƷӺͻȻΪһ˵еĸ֣ζʦѾɣԼԻؼˡ
ģǷǳмģ˵ûģûн
һΪʦΪ뵽о綾ĲɾһţĻ𣿸ĸôȢ
뵽Щ֮ˣͻȻȲϻؼҵ뷨


154 
ʱϹŵЦ⣬ֱߵ˾ƷӵǰžƷӣͻȻִǰƺʦЩơ
СӣҡƷ˵ȴˡ
Ʒӣ˵ˣʵҲǽҶѣǰһ¸ûн㽻սĻᣡͻȻϿҵ˵
СӣϷû飬ȻʵˡܹʹһսϷѾοˣģʤ˱ҳ£ϷĿģƷֿݣͻȻһЦ
ҲЦˣЦĺ׺˿ħ¶Цݣš
ߣ֪ʤܶңŹļǿǿݾض֪裡ͻȻϱѧһ仰
ƷɫһͣĻﾪĴסˣòŷӦ鲻Խ߶ߣ֪ʤܶҡ
ţû飬ͻ仰ƺ˵Լæ仰ĬεļС
ãСӣ仰˵̫ˡû뵽ѧϵĳ⣬ĲҲͬĳڡ˵Ʒ֮ǰĻѾʼˡ
ˣƷӵıԽ˭Ҳ˵ȥһŹͻȻһתңŵĶϡ
ңֻһͬʱ˵
ʲô˼ӮӮ䣬ϷҲ䲻֮ˣαȥǿбܡοĳֲʲô˵顣ƷӲʵ
ǺǣǹϵãҲ˵ңŻȥͱ˵ܸˡȥ²ɣǲ֪ʵ˼ɸ࣬ңŲܹõķչȥЦ
ŶƷӻȻ̾жּһ㡣
ƷӴͳһɫҩƿſڱһɫҩ裬˲Ϣ֮䣬Ʒӵɫ俪ʼ
СӣҪҪһϷƵĻ񵤣Чܺõģ֤̺תƷЦ
ţɴ۾ɫСƿ޲̽ռΪУϾôùЧҩԺҪܲٿࡣ
аȵһЦһ̫ˣ㲻⣬Ͷ͵Ұɣҿƿ͸Ұɣ
˵ͬʱֱӽƷӵɫƿӶһź봢С
ϷʮĻ񵤣Ҳжƿѡ㰡ƤǺأˣСˡƷʹ˵
ףҽ𣿡»񵤺󣬸ղŵȬһеľ綾
綾Сӣ˰ɣϷγǵһ¶֣ųơ֮ϷԳƵڶû˸ҳƵһֻҪǼԾ綾ҽΣĶԣûϷҽõġƷӸЦ
ǰɣĺųƶ֮Ц
ƷӲһ㶣ΪЦ㲻⣬жʱֲõԤС
Ʒӣ֪Ծ綾ųƶ֮ҲһҽΡص˵
ʲôƷüë΢壬ɢĹâԽѵĶԣƷԽȤ
״̾ʲôҲֻ֪ǺĶʦо綾ѰҽɾҽγҲһֱⶾҽϧûһԾʦ
Ʒһôʦǰˣһľ綾뵽ƷӺĴ֪ʦʲô
ƷӣʱѾˣҲˡҲûңִˣʹһ𣬺ڣͻȻȭЦ뿪
ţһ㶣ղǻں;Ʒ۽ⶾ֮ôߵô
Ӣһʱˣղᵽⶾ֮º˵ҪߣԣƷе㼱ˡ
ܹݣʹĲھƷĹˣܹȥһ£ԶԶһҪáӢ¶Ц⣬Ʒӵ˸
СӣˣʦĶѵҪҽˣϷǶ֮أƷе㼱ˣʵ
΢΢һЦҡҡͷˣʦеĶͨ˿ҽεġһʧһûʲôһʧβ̡Ҳһʦϣ̫ˡλȥһúʦ˼ңɣ
įı飬ȴ͵ЦƷӵθڣԹԸԼߣΪ˴ﵽĿģȻҪʹЩСֶΡ
ڣתߣţӢͬʱ̾Ĳ
ˣƷӿįıӰͻȻһʹʮǰԼ֮˲Ҳо綾뿪𣬿ϧʱԼʳͷԣȻ뿪ˡ
ǰѾˣҲûңˣһСĵѵ
Ѿ֮߳ԶĲʼûͣӿٶȡ
΢΢һЦҶһ㣬ϵǰϣѰطҹһɽ·
٣ƷӻûأǲҪӢʵ


155 
һЦˣԾƷӵԸ񣬲ʹֶΣǲԹԾͷġڣһڴңŵɣ֮ǰǵģұ֤
ڶ죬ţ㿴˽ֵվһɫӰǸ˾ǾƷӡ
ƷӱܹݵķʽˣĸԸĸһˣĿĵرׯ
һ·ɽǰ͵Ҳӵоżжεʵȫ·֮£ٶս
УǴׯ⣬˺޹˼ɵĸ·֮Щ߲ɵɴ۾˵ٶȡ
е飬һƶûУһͨ꣬·ķʽ˭ҲҺʵ
ÿһﵽ˾֮Զһɱ൱ڵϵ׶࣬򳬹ʮס
һʮףȴܽգЩֻͨǾǰһӰƮȥˡ
һµʱ䣬˱ϵ˱߹֮ɽ£˧˴к˱ֱӽɽ
ɽԽ̺ΣҲԽ࣬Ҳ⣬СɽȥɭɭǾƷҲڡ
ͻȻǰһνСɽʱΣʱԼߣ޵¾ȻͨСɽ
СģɽɽкܶײеǣţͻȻǰһɽ˵
ЦˣɽǵߵĵطǱƺѾɱˡ
߰ɣûʲôõĵģһΣȺǣҾͳɽǣǳΪʷĳ΢΢һЦȴ͸¶һ˭ҲҺӵĺݾ
ɽȻһֻǵټյɽɴڣЩȴƺѾΪʷʧҰݴĴɽС
νСɽɱ˲Ұޣȴδޣ˷ͬʱͻȻоһ˫ɭ۾Լ
ͬʱƷҲعͷȥ˫۾̵ͺСģޣ
ʲôޣȻռɽţɴ۾ȥ
һͷɶߵҰԶԶĵˣڵƤֻ޴зǿȭͷСĺڶһ˫۾Բĵˡ
ⲻһͷԭҰҲܹްɺǺǴЦûǰ޾ƵϵҰ
˵ҪʲôͬĻǾֻ͹һͷҰ
Ҳ̲סЦҰĶҰҲޣδ̫Цˡ
ͷͻȻľ⣬˴ЦڳЦʱŭˡ
໣
쳤ȻûҰǶ³ʱ˺ѷΣȴҲȻëȻ
ҿ˵㳤ˣΪҪأ˾ˣлˣɤ̶̫ˡָ˵޵ǻ۶ԣһ㶼Ļ
Сӣ湻ݵģ۸޵ĻҲŹƷ̲סЦ
ţЦЦӶڳ鶯ޱĶţЦ̫ţɿţ
ʲôû˧簡ţӰ죬˸POSSҡԴһ˵
ޣ㻹˧Ҳˡкֻϧ಻ͨһ
˶Դ͵ĳ³һڰ׻ȴ޾ıӡ
ε˼һȥ֪ʲôɶͷȤ
ʵлеģһͨ޸ʵϢڲأ弶ʶǿԴ¸֪ʵ
ģүСɱ㣬ԡţ̺ˣһͷ޳Цһûӡ
Ҳǻðɣɽ˼ҪôЩȥߣЩߣԻһʱܡ
һǲɽдУˣΪЩֻͨˣֱе㻳⼸ˣرΣյĸо
ţȴûϣŭһȻһצƽֱָţָ棬˼ԣܲ
ƷͻȻŶȥƷӶ޴򽻵һĻᶼ٣βŷ޾ȻȤ
һֻţ˧Ӣһֱ͵ߣʱҲѳݣЦǵ̰ơ
׼ֱɱ˼˵ģ־쵽Σգ͵͵ǱŸˣƷӵʵͼ޸ٶ޷֣ǾƸˡ
ţһֻ۸㣬еͬ㣬ΪĬЦˣЦ˵
ģӹӣûùӳԡţŭĺȰĴһѴӱϳصĴ󵶣󵶻ʱĽƽţеŭ⡣
ţҪˡЦЦ⡣
ţųصĴָͬŭɽߵģªҺӵҪ㡣


156 
ȴգ۾ˣƺ˲ǡ
Ǻ˵㣬ţȥѵɣЦŶ˺ʮɡ
һ˿ɻΪʲôЩ˲ԼΪޣͷֻһţǸƽӰŭĸȥ˼
ֻҪǼ˲֣Ҫ˺˺ҾܣЩٶȿ졣ḷ́ⲻ֪Ҳ̫СǰЩࡣ
໣˻ƵڴɽУԶɽͷͬʱ֪Ұ޵ĺС
СӣֹûУţƷֹϾţʵԷޡ
ӢȴǵȻһЦǰˣٻзִģţԲʧġ
򵥵Ķ仰һ˾Ʒӵʣţš
µصЦ⣬žƷӵͷƷҲǴˣʱЦĹս
ӽŪ㡣ţƷǣֱóȫʵڵʵ
Ӵ΢΢˰벽Ҳÿȴеˣǰ³ļһﾹȻҲߡ
ߣҲŵ޶ڣʹɽˡǺܷŭȴɵ侲
ţжҲһ£ǰĿޣԼһҪ侲вУҪˣ񲻱Ц
ɱţһĵնͷ­ڿдɸ߲Ӱ
ãĵƷ۹εֻһǵƣţ
𣡡޼ϮȻıһ࣬˫צͬʱţĵ֮
ţһû뵽֮һ;޴ޣ̵һ޶˫ǰצ
Ȼرǿޱ£ţǲȥģͲ֪ж󣬾㣬Ҳ
ţѡ˶㿪תһһ޾
˫˼ɣСıţȥ֣ᷢһһϣ϶Ƿŭ쳣ȴСڲɱ
⻹ţ𣿡Ӣ̲ס̾ţԸô𵶷ˣҰްǰĴ򷨡
Ʒȴ¶һĨӵЦ⣬ԭΪţֻǸ֪ʶȴû뵽һҲ³һ³߾ѾͷԷûʽˣԲ侲
ֳǵĹâţΪԴ³Ǿǻ۹˵ģǸԼǻСڽϻ
⻹𣿡ЦҲǷ֮ȻûС
ʱȥˣţֳһĨǿɱ⣬޴ôʱ䣬·ѾĲ࣬øˡ
ͬнǰƺɽûУʹУǿƾϵƣһԴ
ɱ
ţʽһͻȻڿն𣬵ݺݵĳͷ£һȻıѾã˰µƣȻ¡
һ˿ɫһ˫צͬʱðɫâһ˫צͬʱӭϡ
Ȼ嵶棬ֱ˫צϣţɷһЦʵϲƱ˫צ
䣡
ǿײŽֲŭȴ˫צʹԷϵǿƲסµȥ
¡ϰֱˤ棬ţҲһɴ֮⡣
ʵаţһסڵѪָЦ
ˡţҡҡͷһģĶҪҳˡ
𣡡
Ҫʹɱڳ׷ˣ˫צԷĵˣʱʹ˫צѪȾ˵档
ףͷΪʲôôϲѧһվţˡЦţ֪ͣ˭ű˧
磬Цˣͷˡţ
𡣡ŵأ͵һ̣ٶȳţɱȥ
һͷ޴֮Ƴһˣܹţֻͨߣ㲻һͷײҲᱻǿĳѹܻᱻ
ţμоյĶ㿪Ľƽ֣ɱɣ
һĵɺâ˲佫УţʱˣһһŭţڵƤѿʮѪɼ˺ۡ
ţϾҪǿ٣ʱͻȻʩչҪķ򷨣˲ܵǿѹţĽ
ܺãҪˡ۾¶һ˿аȵЦ⡣
ӢͻȻ̾ȴЦ⡣
Ʒһ㶣ӢڳɴЦţĴʵ̫˼ˡ


157 
ģͷҧӣ㡣ţŭ򱯰ķԼҲû͵Ϯɹ
㻹Ų
ţһǰԵͬħһ㣬ӳȫʵƸԡ
໣
ʹĲҽһɳȥѪϿˮҺ壬޴һ˫ǳۿ
ʹˣԼǰ֮˵Ķ֣Ȼʵ󣬵ǶԷͣԼȫûơ
ҲҪ֪ǰ֮ˣ϶ûùӳԣǱվǵը뵽жʱ־
һ˿־޷ԽɱԽµţϵ˿Ѿٶ޼Ӳ壬ͱҵˡ
ӣͷһƷͬʱâûʼӣѾǰԺĶסȥ·
㻹ܣӣţһݺݵն£ѾŵҺһһȴϸĺɫβص˵档
ΣģΣ㣬ŹǣۣôһͷǴһˡͻȻЦ
СӣϷϲͷͷ⣬ǲ֪ζΣһζɣƷƺܵӰ죬ҲüŪ۵Ц
ţ죬βͶңǺö˷ˡӢȻŹ֣˵
̰ƻࡣ
ĵŭȴ޿κµľƣԼѾݽĺΧˣӶûӣ־һʰ
ǿѹ֮£ţΪ˳նһֻʴ䣬ڳðѪ顣
ܲˣڴȥҪһˣȻƴ˵ķսţײ֮⡣
֪ţոպȴסˣ¶һ棬ű㱬Ц
ۿԭҲȫôȻô졣Ҳ𾪣ǳ鴤ţȵУɱ˲ʧ
֪ȥɣǳˬĹڵأ޴Ĵȹ򵹣һ˫ᣬ˶ͷٵµ㶯һ˥ģ
ţЦԼʵ£ͷ޿ʼͷˣȻֻһͷҵȴȻţЦ˫ۡ
ҡҡͷͷ൱ǻ۵ʶʱġ
磬ǺãͶˣɱǲɱţʵ
ţ˧˰ʵ
һת򵹣ͷǵţЦǰƷЦĿųĵЦ⡣
ߺߣ´ξͱôקˣΪֻүүҲǲ۸ġţƨƨߵ
ţ˧Ц
һȳţ̱ˣ߱ӱ˧
ͻȻðɱ⣬־ĲˮȻ䣬һصᣬȻ۳һСˮݡ
ߺߣͻȻ߼ŵڵأƾƣˣǰʵǿ
磬ͷɣţͻȻɫ˵˺ۣѪ߲ˣȱˣСβͻðѪݣ˵Ѿܲˡ
ɣֻһѾתɱʧӰ٣ȴֻӲһˣ߰ɣ湻ˣҲø·ˡ
пϲڵأֱߵĲӰˣСĴӵ
ߣǲú类޳ԵƤһʧĿ״ָֻŭ档
໣˷򷢳ŭ𣬽űʲôƵģ˷أϽŰβͳдȥ
أһŭǺͻȻ쳹ɽ
أء
һǺĴɽд󾪣ɽҰȺ
ʱȺȻɱˣô죬δͷĿһֻʵԼѷһǣԼûˣһҲ޾ЩǣǡմսһĺأʱԲȺĶ֡
ӣٵĳһȥ̷˸ϡ
磬ȺɱˣΣաţЦ
Ʒоһ˲٣Ȼ׼һ١
ˣǴΣգһԶֻȣԶߡǵθϮ˵ûգȺǲжġж̰Ƿǳӵġ
Ҳġţ̾Ϣһ
ʲô淨߱Ȼ̭໹ǶҾſأΪֻûǸأͬȺţһնɱЦ
ţ룬εһЦͻȻ˵ĺã


158 
˵꣬ԶһĲҺһȺǵУڸղûбɱ
̵ģҪ˺ҧƬˣˣɽؼұˣ󲽳ǰȥ
СɽͻȻڵļشŵҵζҾڲԶүүĸ壬Լؼҡ
˷ſֳǰ·̵ĵش˾ͬڳǰƯţٶȱսֹһ
һڿԿһЩׯˣŷŻٶȡ
ߣҼǵмҾ¥ǳԷȥɣ΢΢һЦѾǸׯʼ
Сӣȵȣ㲻㻹ҪԷż߾ͿԱٹʮµģʵһ²Էû⡣Ʒɻ
ٺ٣ŲԷǻʲô˼Ժ֣ΪһۣƷӣɣסٺһЦڳԷΪ˻ţΪȤ
ǣ߰ɣƷӣĲζܲĹţ죬۾¶а⡣
ѽ̫ˣСĵòһţԴϡ
ǰɣ磬ȻҴң⣬̫ˡţû˵꣬ƷͻȻѧĶսָ֣ͷݺݵţͷϡ
ǣţε״ʵ̫ǿˣ죬Լ޷
ţˣߣ׼ԷˡӢЦ
ҿܺߣ壬̫ƫˡţĹĵ˵ͻȻӢͺͺԴһӢԴϡ
˲䶯ˣţûüʱţͷͬʱƷҲûš
죬ţƵ˫סԴ۸ˣҲˡ
ӢЦԼ;Ʒ˫ţţҲֻаķݡ
ЦųǴׯ¥˽¥֮ţͷѾһñ
յСδȻڣ¥⻹ֵĵھ¥дãҲʮģ̸ŽȤ¡
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ħߣ˭û˰һֵĺɻ
ٺ٣Ǿݺ̲סɫǻǹªţħ߿ǳǸһǿ󡣡
¥һƬǸ˻ǿ֪ϸ˷׷¶𾪵ɫ
ǸˣɱЦٱӭƷӡ
Щ˵ǸˣἰֵĵȻǾƷӣƷӴʱ鵹ҲΣǿûЦ
ܰɣǸ˿γǵһ֣˵ʵͨ죬ɱߡһʮ꾪е
ߣж˴սһ˶Ƕ֣ҹʱǾݺһ˵ֳͬڲŵǲ˵ŴЩ¥˶Ľζ
һ˿âϢСɽдԣôܻô촫һΡ
һʱǾݺˣƣЩȻδһεĵȴ˵
磬СӺ˵˵ҪҪȥȥѵ
ǾݺӽųһѪɱ˿ħʱţŭˡ
Һ˵˭ʲôЦ˵ĿǾʵǾݺͻȻӳţ˵
ֿˣ¥նʱЩĵĿʼ塣
ţһҪվȴƷסˣſңҪɱСӣ
ţµǾƷţţҲˣ˭Ҫ˸
˭߰ɣǿʿŵĵ̣ҿǿʿŵĳԱ̫ˣһҲģݺͻȻݵ
ʿţ
˷׷¶ηɫǾݺӵ˲ˣǾݵĺӵˣĿ˵ķӦ
ʿţţԭϴ룬ͬʲôƵģͻȻЦ
ȥˣû뵽Żڡϲ¶Ц⡣
Ʒɫ䣬ȴȤĿ˵ʵ￴ͬһˡ
ʿţƷӢ֪ȴ֪Ƭһžѳ֡
Ǿݺ¶һ˿ɻЩڿʿŵĵôţرˣȫһֵı顣
ǣ鷳һ飬ȥƽ塭ݺӶһ˶
һС磬ĸҵţƨƨߵſڱȥ
Сӣ治ͱ棬ôˣĸһ۸㣬ȥˣţĵЦǰ֮˵ʵͿԺԣҪɱһ˲飬ǣ̫ˡ
ߣʿŷģҵҪôģݺЦɿ¿ԡ
ȿȣ㷹ͻȻԳʱ˵ע⡣
㣡ǾݺӣֻһǾݺ̲סһͷ˲죬Ŀʼ־


159 
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ߣֱǾݺӣȻɻΪʲôԼϢ
ÿֲôˣΪʲô˿־壿ݺͻȻǿҵɱ¾ֱ֮۾
Ҫʲôݺ鲻Խʵ
Ҫ˵ȴһӰͻȻⱼ
㣡ֵƹһǵֿŵǸү
ƹģ겻ˡͻȻЦеɱɢǾݺȴһηſ֡
٣ΥˣСѾ峤ˣ𷢻𡣡ƹ˵еɱŵļһ
û飬ܣ
Կûһ˿øУʱԻǼһΪԼĴţɶӢʹ˸ɫ˵ץСӹ
Ӣ΢ЦվһֱбֻˣǾݺȴǺ˼ĵãοߵˡ
ٺ٣ţ¶ЦݣǼһͬһ
ƹ񼱵ֱţȥȰ棬Ψ˵ȥŴ峤ִ֡
ǿʿŵģҶңڵġ
Ǿݺӳݵ˵
СӣҪֻķݣӢЦԷֻļߵʵҲҳš
ݺһӢȴֻһͣȻԷָסˡ
ôܣݺһ飬ȴ˿ʱд󾪣һɣתܡ
ӣӣӢһ㵲ǰ¶ЦζһץڶԷûӦ֮ǰѾӥץС˵졣
ղЩεĵ֪ģʵһɱ㡣ǰǾݺӣЦ
¥˶һ̫ǿˣŶǣҪ֪ѾͳΧţΪǿһ
Ҳ˵ģָɱӣһڵġǾݺһᣬǿ
٣ˡСδ峤ŵĸ˽10
֣Ų峤Ȱأ
ӢҲһ˿ɫֳǾݺͷ£Ǿݺӻû뵽ԷȻɱ֣ŵĲ˿ӣֵĲҽһ
ˣҽ֮ǾݺӵԴͬʯҿһ㣬ȻըѿԽһأԴֱӱûˡ
Ⱥ׷׷˵ɱɱɱôݣɷ׷׶һ˹Ŀ࿴
٣Сô峤鲻ԽİڵĿŽȣɱһˣԼɡ
ǰͲǺǵڿ¸ǣ峤ֻ඼ˣĲ֪ǺãЩȫп־ޱȡ
ɱ˿ŵˣҿ߰ɣ˻⵽ġ֪˭˵һ䣬¥еĿ˷׷ʧ˳ȥ
Ǻǣ΢΢һЦƹģ찲ס޵ĵطҪϢˣǸҪǿˣǵţ˵үԻʰǡ
˵˱ѾվǱŵİƹסޣΨ´峤ԼһﱻŻĹ
ǰǸԺ䣬һһ䣬صϤķ䣬ȴǴڴߣԺиֳһӰ
ôǲ̫ˣΪʲôȥ̾أǣڵʵ̫ˣǼѩ֩ʵҲʤ㡣
ҧ촽촽ҧţѪ͸һɬɬѪɫ࣬ȫȫдϡ
ȻƽʱװûԼȥἰȴʱ޿̲顣
ţһɱȥȻҵġҧгݵ˵Ǽᶨɫ
һû˯ϥĽ״̬
ڷдĳŮȴǲЦЦ̵ʾޱȼᶨľġ
һҹֵǣžȻûκ鷳峤ͬǵһϣȴǸǰ׵ˡ
ʱѾھ¥žȻû鷳ȷʵе졣
ѵ֪ҵݣ˲ɣɲڰʱ䣬ѵңҡͷЦЩһ̫Ӳˡ
٣峤սս˵
ʲôǰɣһ죬Це˵
ǣ٣漱ˡ񣬿ѾţһͳⷽԲشѾչɽɽˡ峤
ǹʲô飿νʵȴһֲõĸоƺԼ̫С˿š
ܶ෴ĴӶˣ֪˼ʮЩ꣬ʵѾ˰ٱϣǼ˶ġҵĻǿ췵ذɣ򣬱ѰţǴҲһˡ峤ߵ
壿ͻȻׯԶ˿ţôׯ񲻡


160 
뵽ϱ麮˪ܲ˵ׯô˵𣿡
֪ʵĸׯֻ֪кüׯˣиǿׯ˵ߣǱˡ峤۾ֵĻش
ʲôȻվɱ˲ɢ
ͨͨ峤ͬǱǿŵڵء
ôˣСӡƷӰɫӰӾ¥ⱼ
ƷӣҼŻȥһˣ˵һˡһ⣬ʱﻹұʵԳսʮٶȳׯȥ
ǸƵĴɽׯڲԶˡ
ٽׯһӣʱɱ죬ϵſʱŨŨѪζ
ڴмϣЩڴӹĴº޺޵Щ
żӰɿĳ˴ӣٶ֮죬˲˫ͬʱ𾪵Ĵ㶵
峤ǰׯûбʵ¹˵İΣʱֱʵ
ƴ峤׼ƴԿʱ𣬲һ𾪵Ŀ
ҴģҴ岻ǱǸ˵еѧ峤һϡԷֱвɴϲ
Ǵ峤ٳٲ˵иʱһȴӦΪ֮ȻȵСӣʲôˣǿʿŵ飬С
ģŭ죬ϻһӦȴֻͷһʹʲôҲ֪ˡ
һƾǿߣЩ񣬾ЩҲȫŵĿɿڴˡ
峤˵ҾͲˣׯ飬Щ죬ɱ˵
峤ϲڲᱻˣæ˵ׯǰΣǰˡ
ʲôȫŻĽŭ˲ӿеɱȵ˸ӡ
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һһҽеȥЩ̴ңɱ˺ЩȺס
ɱʵǿʮׯɱȥ
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˫춷УѾׯȥ££һҪ£
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пԽԽӽׯѪζԽŨңʬɢĸζ
ҪŭׯɸߵΧǽʱڵϣپʬʬΧǽߣȺĲӬţʳЩʬϵĸ⣬˵
ͬ޴ݺݵһ£һԵʹȫΪʲôΪʲôԼû
үү壬ʦ
ųĴׯлصټĴׯʬ壬ˣȻᡣ
˲ŵʬζٱڴׯУ˵֣һ˳ӵ䡣
ʱȥˣܲһ˵Ϣȫ߳⣬ǿɱⲻɢ
һҪҴ壬ʦ϶˷塣ôҲǱʬ˵أ
뵽촽ҧѪʣÿһζŶ˵˼
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴʱѾһ壬һЩʬ壬ż俴ʬϤʱиΪߡ
ΪʲôҲĸʦʬ壬ѵǻţ
뵽ÿһʬ壬жϣϤݣʱһ
ûзǵʬ壬˵ǿû
ȼϣ˫ȭţʼ侲Ĵׯ
Ĺ
Ϯս֮УؽĹ廳ΪĴ񡣽жսǲЭġ
һһֵ˵ĳأһֱûׯ£ֻΪڴׯС
ԼûȥγǾͲᷢˣ书ޣֻһλᡣ
үˣΪʲôңѵⲻڤڤ֮е𣿡Ѫ˫ŭ档
ȡӶĽЩʬ尲ڶУΣܹׯĴʬ˵ء
ڶ죬ƷţҲϵˣ˼ׯǣɱֹɢ
ȻɱĴׯһŹǡ
ţ޺޵ĺƷӢҲҡͷѣĬĬЩʬ塣
һ仰Ҳû˵ֻǲͣڿӣʬ壬κˣκûйϵ
һʱ䣬ׯĴʬȫϣժһİɫʻЩĹѨ֮ϡ


161 
һкſ˼һۣϵɱȻѾȫʧˣʱԵúƽֻǣӢȴ޾ĺ⡣
٣ڰ˳䣡壬ȥ𣡡ӢȰ
Сӣǧ̫࣬ѪծѪʱһݡƷɫ˵
ģɱδʦĳţĳһҪɱǸƬײţ
˵ץҼˣʦɱȥˡ
ҹһ¸ҹ֮ϣӰͬ㴩ڰҹС
ҹţ𶯵涼ڲǰѿеׯЩףš
ׯģȼţһȺҾƣЦмЩˡ
һž޴ľϰһڵˣиץĸ֣ҲвٸĴ峤ľܸ֮ߣľ֮ǴĲѡ
ʮЦĴľ֮ϵˣЩľ֮ϵ˱ĥİʱԴƾʼϵ͡
һͷڵĻ߻һܣģЩһԽԽûˣȻˡ
Ϻ˵Ķʬ壬ŨŨѪϢֱ˱ٶҾƽš
ĸˣͻȻʵ
Ҵ塣һЦ
ŶֵⲻׯߣһҾͲûǡ
ٺ٣űЦĿȥ
ׯԭľһаٶˣ֮ڣֻʣ²ʮˡ
ѡ˭أѡԼűӵɪ˵
쵰ǣɱҰɣһŭĺ
ҧгݵ˵˱׼󼸸ˣԼףӣܾܵͲ
϶ϡ
Ҫ嶯ǣҪɱɱҰɣĶԽԽأ˵
ޣ־ɱӰɣӻԾҲữǧǵġһɳƵɤӺ
һڴѪŨ̵պϣ̱ףֵǣɱˣҪһﱻԱ衣
ʲô˲ġưЦĵҲֻܿЦҡͷ
ֵܣߺã
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ӰӲ㡣Ц
ٴðԵĿŻˣܿӵȫƤζڿС
ǿţžԼȼգʹ룬޷ܡ
ΧһЦڻ˸š
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162 
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163 
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164 
ЩµˣһҲֻмˣЩ¶ߵ飬˵ׯׯ˵ׯӾȻֻʮˣЩ̫ĺˡ
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165 
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ˣ˺ԸɣԲҵĶ֡ѩ֩뵣ˣս
Уһؼʱ̣ǲֵġοҵĳˣжаһҪɱϼӲԵᣡ
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166 
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167 
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ЦҡͷԼЩ޵ԣһȥͷʱ֮ͻȻŨĹζ
оĵҪŻʱЩȴݵζѩ֩Ҳ⣬ƺǾζһ㡣
ϵͻȻŭ˼ԣǵģľͱ
ݶЩ޵̫ˣ̲סջð¡
𣡡
飬һʱ佫Щϵɱ
֩ã㲻˵ЩôǷ׷ǰֵĺ¸أʵ
ˣҸպҲһأǲһģһεģʵ̫޾ԵòκκôԣǲԸҲǺġѩ֩ԴεĿ̾
ȥ֮ϵͷޣһֻèֻȫǻëƤк˸һȫѩ׵һ˶ĺܡ
ɽϣֳɫĹâԼɼеɫݣֻݡ
ˣϽèɫܣǸûõˡղǾˣ˵ǲߣǾͻΪУݡѩ֩ƶʧ˵
ɫһ૵̫Сү컹Ҫˡ
ˣǿ߰ɣǸǿϽèѾ޶ڵʵǸǵĶ֡ѩ֩ǿסݵջ󣬽˵
ȴԸ׷ͷݣҲԼ鷳ʱͻȻһвŮĹЦ
ֵܿΪݿգ
һѩ֩ѾעӺ󷽣ãһȫϽ۵껺˹
Ȼоʵǿ󡣡ˣ뿪γǣô־Ͳıĳˡϣ޳ˣʵĸ֣⻹Լô졣
˭ƽʵɲΪ嶯ǰ֡
ô㲻Ҫ֪˭ֻǣҪõݣýѩ֩һá˹Цƺûʵ
ĵ̬΢ЦˣȴǷǳˬŪ뷨ˣʵ̫ǿˡ
кֱָ̣ԡЦĺаôôꡣ
Ͻ֮˴Լʮҵòһ˫üëϸֳƤϸ壬͸ſʣ·ĲҲеǻŤ߹ġ
ۣԭǸСӸۣģģͦεġ˵̸оͷƤ飬ëȻ


173 
ѾѾģɽҲд˵ȼƷ⵽Ǹʲôķ簡жģȴǲұֳΪ˫ޱ˫ۣʱЦеĵԼ
֩ãʲôΪаնԸ𣿡ʵ
ѩ֩˫ɢľ⣬ȴ΢΢һЦͬѩ֩롣
ˣûʵӦóҲ٣ҲϽèһġѩ֩Ƶ˵
£һһᣡ˵ȴǽѣôĹء
Ӹ磬ÿҺϲ깫ȴȫޣСŮ˰˵
תӵĸо־˰ɣǸ˰ɣǱ̬
Ǻǣл佱СӺųƻüϵ֪γƺ΢Цʵ
Цˣ
ȴЦ㿴ģûʮɣȻųƻüϵһϣǻüôͺųƻüϵ
Ȼ˵ʮ꣬һﲻëɣüϵĿںţȻһ·
СԽҷաЦɫͻ䣬֮¶̰֮⡣
СԹҪ޶ȡݣ³֮ҷһꡣͻȻ绻һƵġ
֪ΪζȤֻ֪ޣ޲ϲݡл˵ͽ裬ĵ
ߣС𣿡һƺʱҪ֣æѩ֩ɣ䱸ŲȻŭķա
յҲֱӣٴʱȴ΢Цһ֣һͷ׵ͻȻǰ
ΪҲޣǣ
ͷǹԹԵַյֱۣƺָֻʣСһᣬû
˵ǷվȻԾ˱ϣǱܵ
˱̬ˣû뵽Ҳ˱̬˵ǲޣʱֳΪˡ
ˣǲޣȴԴ޵޽ǽٶ졣ѩ֩ѵ
Ҳأ˵̽һ˵ĿʲôԸˡ
ôԣҲǿ㡣΢Ц˵ͻȻ任һݣҲ裬Ҿɱѩ֩룬˺ιҵǡ
ҿһһէװŪкǼ鷳¡
СӦɣ㱣֤ԿġŤţΪǿľȻ˲
ѩ֩Ҳ⣬һһޣˣʵ֮£ʹӦɣһСĵ
ֿ֮ɫգҴӦ㣬ǲʵǿΪʲôҪҵѩ֩롣
һ˦ͷԼָ¶˸ֻǴ˵Цݣεεſ˵ͷأѽҲҪŪ๫ƽѽ
֪˱⣬ʵϲǣԽԽ޷²뷨вɻ󣬿ƫƫ޴й
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Ļ£Ȳݵζʱǵ˻
ͷػϵݣû´мͷûǹĻеȲݡ
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ˣСӣ죬ѩ֩һϣȸͷޡָֻҲֻõͷȴǶѩ֩ǧΨ¡
ಣಣಣ
Ӱӳ´ȥͷؽλգۼ书ͷѾڳϵķգǣѩ֩ɱš
Ķѩ֩Ӱʱ޷׷ײҪ´ȥ
ʱȴͻȻȻһݵ̹ͻȻ䱬ը˲佫ϵޣ޷׷׸ǡ
ѩ֩룡ŵĺѩ֩ȴԼ˾ϵҲӦľص㡣
ôһ˲䣬֮ѾտҲȴ±ϣɫĻȻʧӰ١
ͻıʣ޷׷׸֮ܵصΣգҲ˲˵ݣѸٵִȥ
вЩΪƾʧеѩ֩İΣȴ£Բ֮Ѱѩ֩ʧٵĶߡ
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ʱһͷҵ̲סջѸٵ£ðȶҵľâ


174 
ͷڻһѾݴ̼ʧȥǣºͣһ˲䣬ȴûзκΣգݾǰ
໣
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ಣಣಣ
ȻûκΣգݾǰЩϷŹõݵĻᣬ׷׺ų¶ȥ
ûΣôȴվԭأһֱԼݾԲ򵥵ıЩ޶ȡ
צӽӴݵ˲䣬һмЦͻȻƾҲõҵ𣿡
һɫӰƾճ֮ϣĿü˫֣˾Ʒӵ
΢һţ±ҵĲЩ޸ܵΣգ׷׾ֵĿʼӴڡ
һҲӣԹԽɣ
ɫӰŲæĴӻȡһɫֳֻ̽ͻȻͬŴƵһͷץȥ
ֻһ־İŰӰһΣֻѾɫУɫӰֻֻֿǰһ֮ϵѾȫûӰ
ͻȻΧɳɳЩѡ޼Σ׷֮С
ɫӰֻһȦͻȻһָ֮һͬģɫ̳УǷյҲϡ
֣Եĸ֣ʵڵķҲȲϡ˲жϡ
ô£ѵղŵõģ
ոպÿ˲׽޵ọ̈̄ձɽץסǼٶȣԼԱȵġ
ԹԵͳһƿݻ˻ΣһεĴ˲ǽεֱƿ֮С
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մˣԷʵ̫ǿˣڷ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôŲˡ
˵ѩ֩룬һţѩ֩ԼΪԼֵνѣΣҲҪ취
ˣȥٺúоо˵仰˱뿪
ǰ
ͬʱǷͬʱе˵޾ãˣҪߣż
Ӷ˺ܾˣʱɨ۷գĿɨʱȫ͸ĸо˵񣬺Ϭ
ף˲ɶ࿴һۣоһţ΢΢һס
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һ֪˲ǣȴε˵ǰҵޱ˵أǰǰ̧ܹ֣һ
ڲҼˣѾ־ͱˡĵ˷һۣа
ʳ⣬⣬ˣ˭֪˵ʲôˣǷ̽ԼҲижϡ
ţŵȴÿһۡ
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һ񺮣һֹͶʣȴȻ溮
㣬֪ôͻȻ˵аĶŷա
ĸоͻȻ˽һԼܵʲôǾ
ǰŹСǰɣߵ˹ڵأһתµĿСǵĸ飬̾ͷƤ顣
ͻȻһ֣ЦĪ
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˭ѵһĸ֣
ϲзݣϣԼƺ˥רĸ֣һϲŭ޳
ߣһԭˣһһΪƽҪǵޣǾͱЦ֮ȴǱޱȡ
ʲôͻȻ߷ֱļУŵĺһ
˲ֻ˸Ͱ͵ı飬ᾹȻͬȪӿ˳ŵǣȻһץ˵Ĵȡ
¶һ˿ű飬ǱյʵŵˣǱķٶŵˡ
ǰҼСǰɣɱҲǡСǰˣֻʣһôĵ°
ʹ죬ûбϢڵĲ顣
ԸΪͷԼһΪðŷǳķգ˵ɱ
˱ŹֵЦЦҲϲ˵Цˣ㵱Ҫͷ֮ˣǰ治κλ
һϵͻȻһɶϾȻһƬȻ֮ɫȸ֣Ͳڷͷ


175 
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յıˣһЩӣһءܹΪ޶ԼˣȻȴ
ζЦҲʧ´һ۷գ΢΢ͷһӣǱ֮ϡ
໣
Сǣ
һһǽıһƺҲ쵽𣬷ĺ
ǰСߣɱҰɣͷ˵ƺѾ˱Ĵ㡣
ţżߵͻȻأ
ѩ֩룬ҲԼΪѩ֩ѪڣԼһѩ֩ҲҪ
ǰȷѩ֩һȻһ𰸡յ˵
˼
˿¶ЩЦ⣬ɵ֮ţȻԼɽиˡ
âһѩ֩ĳǰ
ˣѩ֩û뵽ܹһϲ
ĪҪʱǼʱ취Ҫװȴʼﻮܡ
ѩ֩һҲǲܵģѩ֩ʱѾҪˣֻҪܹһͬ뿪ͺá
ƴˣ׼ˣǱܣҪóʽûóǱءһˣҪôѩ֩һҪôһߡ
ѩ֩ͻȻŴ󣬶ҲǵʱԾѩ֩ϡ
ಣ
һײ촫ѩ֩Ѿʧ
ߣôĵӡ
˵ǲŲæ˷һۣʧ֮
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׽ŪգǺѣԭҲû׼ɱǶͲͬˣһܹŹ
صŨϢıϢѩ֩ʮѸٵĻӶţǰʯ͵ز˲䱻һ·ٶȱ߷л졣
֩ãǱһ㣬ʵ̫ˣӲˣ롣нŭ׷ϰɡ
ѩ֩ȫŨҵİ׹⣬ݵصٶȱޣֿɣָ£ϵĸıŶݵط
ˣģѾǱʯˣٶȵ˼ޣߺҲһԸҶݵصٶȡѩ֩Ե÷ǳš
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תͬʱѩ֩뷢һֵĺˣ׷ˡ
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㵽˭Ϊʲôȥ׷գ겻ɢ׷Լ
˺ٺһЦ˭ҪҪƭңڣҪͷ㡣
֪˫ʵ̫⣬ҪԼѩ֩ҲֻǱɱķݣл湻εģǿ˵ȴоκɱ⡣
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ѩ֩ѸٵĴڵߣʱ򣬾㱻ɱҲҪվһ
Ǻǣ벻ѩ֩ĸҲҪͷ㣬Ҿɱͷ֩롣ȻЦ˵ȴҺĻ
ˢһ˽ҪɱǾɣܹڸֵУҲ޺ˡ
Ȼ˵ȴȫ룬ʱ򣬱¸һ㣬˵˻пܷԼһ
СӹȻɼΣֻǣʵһָͷҲɱ㣬սûʲô˼˿ЦȻһա


176 
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ɢ⣬´ԽԽͣĳͷǣҪΪʦ
һ赹ڵأԭνĳͷǱԼʦ
ˣӦɣˣнڵϵΪΪʦôࡣѩ֩һȰ
ô򵥣ڰɣеɵˣٲõĻᱻɱˡ
΢΢һЦͻȻߣһֿϣӦֻ屻ˣһɴӿ֮
׬ˡ¶ϲ֮ɫ˷ܵĺ
澪ɣ֪ڵʲô
ԭΪû뵽ȻȫѽȻ֮壬Ⱑͽˡ
˿Ц֪Լ֮߱ʱҲǿϲѣһֱΪԼûԣŻӵе˵Ļֱ
ҾȻ֮壡֪ζŽɽȽߣɿЦ
ͣҹȻӢһѩ֩Ҳ͵Ц⡣
˵ЦȻֹɻĿΪߣȻ֪Լԣʲôɣ
ȻʦĳŵԼ֮Լ֮£ڵʵĻϲ١ԣҲ֪ôԡ
ôԸ𣿡΢Цʵſϲ֮⡣
һ˿а˼ôһԼΪͽûкôԼǾԲɵġ
ѾʦˣһʦصҲܹΪʦҡͷЦ
ߣ˭ҸͽܣҾɱ˭ʦģȥɱΪͽɱɢ
ҿȻǸݽɫˣϲзһϲǰ˲ʵǿԸҲԼмƣΪʦػ߲·
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ٺ٣ܺáʦģȥ˵˵ΪʦЦĺ
΢΢һЦͻȻԼѾ뿪ʱˣħҵׯǸǺãǰˣͻȻ⡣
˵ׯλʱ´һӣѩֻ֩һ͵Լű㵽ա
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磬ȷǰ⸽䣬һˣӦ߲˶ԶġСкȴ͸Թ֮⡣
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ׯӦþ½ġСкͻȻϲ˵
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˴ʱׯϿգǸСк򷢳ŭĺ
Ʒ̳Хһ˶ŵҶȥ
ͻȻŭͬըһҴϿմ졣

ŭׯϿ𵴣ׯȴһƬӦ
ƷӣҲܰɣǾԲЩħߵĶ֡ţȰ
ңǿߣʲôǾŵµһ·ǰСҴӦչǵģɱǣôҾƷӵʬ̤Ʒ˵ޱ
壬ȥȥƷһ֮ţӢĸ첲ƷӲվ
һҪأҴӦҪչ˵İȫȥˡӢЦҡͷѸٵĽ˵ҡ
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ķӣҹʲôţſеĺӰ
ʵ
ͻȻͣΣһӣһ͸ĽƱУׯͬŴһ㣬Ļ澹Ȼǰ
ѵǻüϵħߴ磿һû뵽ôѰ
ׯȥɸշɣһεĴȴԼԭء
ѩ֩ҲͬʱȴЦһмħߣһħߣʵҲҲ񣬺ٺ٣𼱣ʦӦÿԶԸ
ʦԶԸƵĲ¿УҹȥʦжˣЩ˵Ķ֡


177 
ȴǹЦĪĪ
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ǸҵߣǸ˻û֡Ск޺޵˵
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Скƺŭˣ
ͽѾˣǵϣˣһ죬ͽһǱġĴЦ͸˷ܡ
ƷӵҲЦׯԷɱԼˣҲɱ
磬ɱЩˣضֵġСкЦ
ǸܵĻüϵɣġ
ţһͻȻ䳯ǺɱϣͬʱƷӵҲͬʱ֡
һЦҲ㣬ȵʱͻȻ߳š
䣡
һ֮£ţͬʱѪɳʵ̫ˣɱǣȫɱ
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ҿȣԶΪʦŭˣҧ˵ҧϴǣѪ˳ǻ䡣
ţҹȻûϲ㣬Ҳӵͽ׼ӵͷЦ
ҸĻᣬ㲻ˣôԸҲͽܡ˫۷죬Ȼвӡ
һ

ʱͻȻ˽ƣһοռ˲ƣȻׯϿա
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Щ˹ȻƭǵģС̲סˡռСкĻ÷ϵЦ
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ȴЦˣضԷҲ쵽ԼֵĹŹ֣Բô˵
ڣԼʲôӾԲڷɱԼ
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ëϵѽɱСүѽڷ磬ɱСүѽСүҾվɱǸ𣿡Ц
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ˣûˣȽȥϢɣʦҪ顣
΢΢һЦα㽵µ棬ĳȥ
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178 
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179 
ǰˣֵܶʵڲҵ֪ǰʦţܷ֪ϸһ㣬ҲŸҷĵĽ㡣ʣЦӵʦ
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˵ʱŨŨԺУĿɿڴӵҲǿ̫̬ˣȻǿơ
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ϧһսӰ̫ˣսųɽһֵڴսɽٷʦүһԪˣǧֺˣλһǧɣֻܹǿάֵһɴɵڵʧ䡣
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ôˣôң㲻ϣͽѵʾдЦ
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180 
պѾׯԲﲼúһǿ󷨣ȥׯͬƾʧˣǰһƬ֮أﻹׯӰӡ
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ׯķȥƬ̺ȥ濴ׯѾӰˣԼڲҪļܵ˺ˡ
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181 
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182 
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ܺãս𣬴ϲüЦʹ꣬ȷǸмĵԼӡ
һҲڲΣɫӰֱǼ¥⡣
һζıУɵʱһнðı
֮ߴЩͨ˵Ǿ顣
ɣӵһ仰ǵǸ˵
Ƕħߡ
һֵ˲Ŀ˴󲿷ֶħߵһûμսս
Ϻã΢΢һЦЩ˵ͷ˵
ħˣϴ󣬿ۣ
һ뺷Ĵ󺺾ֵĴ棬һӣ·ȴǣ֮ʱƲ˶Ʒڵء
ֻǣѾû׷Σ¥ҳһţ飬һⷴŪĪ
˭ҥԣȻô˺䶯ЧˣֱЩ˼ϵı־ףԼǳˡ
ƹģСү˸£һӺ
һƣԼҵӣ˲ۡ
һȥܵ𣬷һֱӱǿľĵըѿ
һ֮ЩѾױˣм˷һļУħħӰ
ŶӦǾϴһսɣѾԲģûкǿʣαأ
û˵ֻ꣬ͨһһܱ뺷ɴ˫ֱֱĵˡ
ҿǰɣСүֻ˵˾Ϻãˡ
ʶһɨ˵ѾֹͣȻԼˡ
ţʲôµģ־壬Ǹơ˫ֺʮЦ
¥ϰӲ͵ɳˡݵĸı䣬Ӵ峤Ϊ־Ϊʶ
һ۾ͿǴ峤ֻ峤˫ȴſ˫趯ţϵķⶶͬ衣
㣬аȵ˴峤
ټĿյϣѾӵӣĶ㣬ʣһ߱ʬڲԶм̼﷢Ȼš
峤пۣˣ֪Լοȥأ
˫ȣһһߣͬǰڣ峤Ҳȥȴֿ־ɱ֣־˫ؾᡣ
ֶΣΪĴ峤İȻ٣ʵɱϣɥϡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬¥еҲըˣſڣЩǿЦãȴֲΪǵ֮١
üһ˴ôôѵ峤Ϊܲ˲ɣԶĴһأݡ
һüСδ峤ֻҪˣһ֮ʱ˫ͬǦ㣬Ҳ޷ƶֺ

һˮ죬Ǵ峤Ͽ־ͨһڵأСĲǹģСĲȥСļż죬֤ûɱһˣ
ߣĵĺһôбҪŵô˵ˣԼֲɱġ
һȥҪ
úųϻֱӳ¥Ժȥ¥дһ󻶺Ƿ׷ݣЩĿҲ׷׸ܡ
ĵԺгһˣʱֻС
ҲԺһŵƨ
ϴ󣬶ħˣӣһĺԼΨɱϣӵıȹ졣
ףϴоһɨ˲ڼ䷿ϡ
֪ʲôʱЩԭķ䱻ӹש飬ש滹һţƤһ벻ˡ
Ҫأ
ϴϴҲˣūҰɣ
Ǵ漸䴫ģʶȻסĶ䡣
쵰Һסķ䣬ЩǸ


184 
ԭﻳģϾȥ֪Լʵһ涼ѡ
Уﾰ⣬Ůˣжķǳꡣ
ʱһķŮڿﾰϣ°ڶţһͷϵĴ˦
һŮſﾰĺ󱳣˫岻ڿﾰĺĥ䣬ﾰ
ǸħʧˣԼڿٻˡ
꿴ǰĳɪɪţﾰ¶аЦ⣬㣬ȥǸһ꣬αˣǺӻǸġ
ŮһϲŤ˹ȥǰС귴һɣŮĲ£ϴҲ
ЩӣôôɣûﾰͻƢһ¾ˣ͵ץ輸һӺݺݵڵϡ
صһ豭еĲˮɽϸСҡ
ﾰһƷϵŮˣֱǶȥ
־Ļȴֻܹ˵İţǰβܹģȫҶ
һյĲҽУ˺ѷεĺУǿﾰȴ¶˷ܵɫԽ³
ڿҪＫʱﾰͻȻһĪĸоԼлʲô
ãһʲôˡﾰΣʱԼֱһֱ
ģɱ
ֻ̽һĲҽͻȻŭˣ嵽ǰһţƤŵķš

һƵﾰŭ˭赨ô󡭡
Ƕħߡ
ֻÿﾰƺе죬΢һ룬ͻüϵվһǸŵϲ
ﾰŵһȻ£¶˾ϲ顣
ҾɱﾰŵĲᣬýסĲӡ
Ů뱻ŵļһӣӵſڣһƣŮ̻˹ȥ
ˣ꾪ֵĽе
ڵϴ󣿡ȴЦʵ
ǣﾰ֪ˣȴӹһ١
֪˭𣿡΢΢Цĺаȡ
ųƶħߡﾰΪʣشֵ̾Ըӡ
˰ɣǶħߣҲʶвң˼𣿡
ĵЦɫһݣȻôϲҸ㣬ҸһĻᣬ֪ϲ
۽ʲôֻҪܹһȥĿﾰͻȻõĳŵ̹ڵشе
ԹɣΨһĻ·һĳͷֲ
һȳﾰеһԭ˵Ļ·ȴǽԼʧȥ˵ϡ
㲻Ը⣬Ǿȥɣ
ɱ֮ģׯԼүү˫ȣΪĿﾰȻĳˡ
£Ҫȡ練ơʦ󷨱ˣûκκ֮ǣҪ־壬־塣
һ˿ɫŹԼǰĿﾰһ
ﾰһۣ뵽أк͸ȴް취
ҪҪϣɲǼ䣬ﾰѾ˴𰸡
ҪԹɴ۾ſﾰٽ׼
ʵڿɼΣͷһ´䵽УЦ

һޱߵĲҽдʵΪżˣﾰȻ˾ʹ˹ȥ
Ϊ֮תߣ˿ںǿﾰԹ޵
ҹʱ֣һյʢһɽ¶ޡ
ЩɱɱͨˣɽЩǿأǿʳﾺС
̾ԶȺ·İЩȴǲԶԶĶ
һ֪ԷʵǿԲð
˧С
¹ӭˣ˧ʿ
˧ˣҶˣͿˡ
ÿһ˧еĸоͬżʱ䣬ЩнʵĲһĿ죬˧ȻѾﵽżߵʵˡ
񣬾Ȼﵽ˾żߵʵǳԽƷӵߡ
񣡡е
ĩڣ
ʮͣ˫Ŀй⣬һ˫ӢˣһѪ˵ʡ
ֵܣɶ˵ˣѾǳѾλˡ΢Цһȭ
٣Ȼǳ̶̼ڣϳѾˣЩŴ֮˸û˸ҵһְֻˡ˧Ц
ŶԭˣͳɣҲں
ЦһˣԼɱ˳ڰɱ˳Щ߿϶Źγ
٣˵߲˵̽ٵϢأСΪ˧е˵


185 
Թűˮڣʲôߣһɱһһ˫ɱһ˫¸񡣡һǣ˵
ʦ˵γЩνɣžͻȫ߽⣬ɴھ֮еĳУеݹųǣЩɲеʵɡ
ԣ˧ȴ𾪲ѣ˵ʵƣ˶Ȳϡ
һʱ䣬ʦ̫СԼˣһﵽڵʵġ
У˧ⲻΪӷϴҲ̽һγǵϢ
ƹѲ˧ͻȻڵ٣һ֮룬ٿҵϣܹȫ
΢΢һЦ˧ĺøвԼһȥ
˵ɣʲô鲻ֱԣؿ
žƣűһȻʹͣһúģ
٣Ҷô˧ԥһ£ǿʵ
ţԵߣҼõš
˿ϧ֮ԣԼʷǰٶȣҪ˶꣬سɾżߵĶ
һޣȭٹˣʵڲҵҪ˵ߣٲǵһǰ޹ˣߡ
˧¶˷ܵ⣬ܹóǷĵġ
٣Ϊʦ֪Σ˧˵ı飬Ҫƺͻһ㡣
Ϊʦû
µʲôЦԼͻ󣬾ȻҪԼΪʦԼŸոհʦأ;ͷƤ顣
˧̾Ϣһȴʹһ
ƺ׼ϯ뿪ͨһڵء
ʦͽһݣ
ͷĿڵϣߵͷΣ
һЦɿãԼһѣʲôͽܣһʱΪԼԭͽܱɱˣǾͲһıˡ
٣㲻ӦҾ͹ֱӦΪֹ̬Ǽ
˧ԳͻȻаЦ
ǣ޽˧ʧˣ
ټ
εվ𣬶ͷһƬ죬Ѫ
֮䣬ڴ˹ڵأ٣Ը޼ҾԸҪΪʦܾҼ𡣡
գҪ͹ɣ֪˧ⰲŵģȸһƣЦһȥ
ʱڳĽ˧Ҳ޴룬ıӰϿҵĵǸ¿ǲܡ
죬ͥԺУʵɫ£һɵ㴫ıӡ
ⲻ꼻벻Ҳ꼻
ʵƽ˧ȻЩţȴΪ񣬶Ҳǲ֪ϧԼ޷ʦһ۱жϳ
꼻һ֣Ȼݣȴӵ
򣬿ʼ˧飬ֻУһҲ;ż߶壬ɵĿ΢΢ԼΪʦԼȷʵԸϵָҲ߳߷չ˺ôǲԶġ
һֵ꼻ǸǺãԼһǵӶҪǰΪʦʱп䡣
Ųϸ˼ı飬ȴеìܡ
޽ȻٲԸ⣬㻹ɣȥҲǰ취һȰ
ٵԸ޽Ҳÿ˰ɣǲӦûκĿԡ곤ĽȰ
˧Цҡͷ⺢һӣ϶Ѹı䣬˵һֱȥ;Բǰ
Ҷɢ˰ɣȰˡ˸־⺢϶˾ȥɣô˵ǸˣΪʦģֹһõȻı⡣˧˵߳
˷׷̾ϢȥֻʣһˣȻɫȴȻᶨޱȣһ˫ż⡣
ʵ˧վԺУ;쵽ˣֻûøô˵ǻ籣ֳĬĺá˾Լ뿪˵ˣǣ˧Ҳж飬ȴǹ˼֮ˣܾʼվﲻôù
˧ĬĬվԺߴıӰʱǸӣȴγǳɱҡ
Ѿɴʱգֻ»Ϊҵ飬һ貵ǣɢ˸Ĺââ
˵񣬾Լ缸ʮ꣬˵ҲаΪʦ뷨۳ɳһɳĳֶԣΪЦ̸
ѹԸ־˭ܹ֪أܰΪʦⱲӾԻᳬҵĳɾͰٱ˧Ҳìޱȡ
ʱһͻȻ޵ĹâʻһɲǵĹԣ˧ͬʱգǻʵʱȻݣȴƺԶǵļ䡣


186 
תͷ˧۾˧꼻ȴ㡣ȴֻ˲䡣
˧΢΢һЦǵ˵һ仰ֻҪΪʦ꼻ŭţֻҪΪʦǡԸһ۶ݻ㣬ȫ׷ѧļ¡
һԼĵһƺ̫࣬ԼΪʦԼѵ޷뷨֤ȫ
˧ʵⱲӴûйͽĴ㣬ΪҲ׷ѧļ£ͽҶԣ岻󡣲˧壬Ҳǲɶõ˲šֻһע޶עţëѵ˧İΣ𣿡
飬ֿ˵
˧ȴǹЦԭǵ⡣һһӣʵߣһõƴɱʣ˼ůĶˡⱲӶûа״һֱŬҸŬ츳ߣܹ㣬ʶʲôߵʵЩ˵ʵҪҪǻĹ̡һǵˣ㣬ҾԲ
ðɣˣ̸ɣ΢΢һЦѾ⣬ʱȻֱֱĹڵأǸıӰһᡣ
ڶһ磬Ѿǰ
ϲ⣬һҹδߣ˺ܶ࣬Ϊʦ̬ȸΪ
ɣʱ䳤ˣѪͨԺвáЦ
㲻ӦΪͽҾòҲԹ޻ڡҧ˵
ҴӦ㣬ɣ
ͷЦȴ񼤶ߵͷʦݣ
û뵽ôʦΪͽͽҲŰΪʦˣ⺢Ϊͽа롣
ллʦʱ˫ڲȴҧһԣΪһϣľˡ
˵̫磬һ߷ȥҾûʦͽ֮Ե˵
ϲĽӹ򣬡ǲǾͿʽΪʦˣ
ô򵥡ɣż۷֮ɾĩΣڴﵽҪʸĵӡһ˵ȴǽһԪڵͽ
ãһΪȡ˷ܵѰҷоȥˡ
ͽܣȴ˦ʦһֱİΣ˧𣬿ʼɽķȥ
ɽ᰷壬һٵĴɽּ䣬ĲľˣÿһԿʮ֮ң
УڵִɽΧȻɽԲٹŵںηȴ޴ӵ֪
᰷Լǧɣɽ·գһ᫵ɽϣԥ˲䣬ȴǱļǰС
ɽХӭͬϣСʱ㵽˰ɽ塣
һµͤӳǰ֮ģͤЪϢжһŮеĲͣ˵ʲôŮЦͣʱЦ
פϸһЦ⣬Ȼɽ˼ҡ
Ҳһߵ˭ôᵽ᰷
ŮȴһЦֻǰɽ壬ǰߣǾҪȥסˣʦ˵ˣ겻Ӵο͡
ĳͤӴȥеͤʮ֮Ůȴ鲻Խķһ̾⺢ӳĺÿΣʦ˧ˡ
ŮȻһ۲գĶݣߴӰر˫ŮͻȻͨͨͣ
վס
ںȵŨŨļ֮⡣
ʦ֣ôŵģ˼һǸŮЦжøдʦκ˲ôӴ˾
һ۱㿴ˣ˲ͨˣߵ޷ڸǵġ
һһݣȥֱͣͤȥ
󵨵СӣʦֻȻĿ¶ɱ
ڵԽԽˣȻҴ᰷塣ǸһʦЦ
ߵʵЩ˻ΪֻǸͨߣȻŮȴǲˣһôӦĿģ𶯲ɱ˵ġ
Сʦ˵Ķԣʦִˡʦϵļ鴤ţЦ˵ʦֺõСʦã֪ģ˹ˣȻɱЩͼߡ
Цȿһ·ˣɱڡ
Сֵܣմɽɣ˼죬ЪϢʦͻȻк
ʦҲȡһͲ˵СֵܣȺȿˮɡ
Ҳ˶棬л⣡
Ůӿ֨һЦɫ˲Σ뿴ԽԽϲн׷ԼĶʦһȣˣʦֳǿһ㣬ûһȵ
˼Сʦõı飬ʱŭȴǲ˼ͬʱӶԷп˷ŭ뼵ʡ


187 
Сֵǰ˼᰷壬ʦ𣿡ŮӼ¶һõЦݣʵ
΢΢һЦȭ˵ɼұأϧһֱԵɣһΣѾһҪ¡
ͬʱɫſǿҲصɣȻҲΪɣȴȫ޷ȡ
ͬʱʵѵһŪˣﲻ𣿡
Ůϸ಻ʮ꣬ʵȻﵽżߵʵʿν൱ϵȴǶء
ʦָ׼˵Ůȴ˫ͬʱڶ˸첲һšͬʱĽҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
СֵûߴطҪɣҽʦ룬ʦֻǺЦ
ô˵ţȵʵȴ֪Ůѡ
ţǣ㲻ҪʦҴȥʦ˷ܵ˵ˡ
ǶʦȴɱڣȴֲΥСʦõԸʱޱơ
УǿĲļŵӡ֪Ƿ֪ŵķ򡣡аȴûøߣ˭֪û֣ȥ˲ֿԡ
ţװˣţǿ֮ͤ⣬ͨɽϵʯдšš֪λɷʵĸ֪ŵķ򣿡΢΢𣬽ҿŮӵĻԡ
ߣʶôңΪҶʦֻô𣿡֮ŮܹôѾס˽ݵӡ
ߣСʦ˵ʲôʲôҪɱҲհ졣ʦִЦԸţзϲ
СʦãûҪôҪҪʦְȽѵһ١ʦҲЦˡ
̲סЦˣʵǳߣȻԼǰֵʲôǰ˵
һ飬žģ򣬱СүˡͻȻ¶аȵЦ⣬ʵ
ȻҪǾżߣСѰ·ɫһıԱ¶š
ֻҪƤӣػʦ̲Ȼɫƽɢɭɱ⡣
СӣϽСʦùģȻãܣʦ˵ʱϵĺⲻͣš
ʦ֣ϻʲôСӾͽԸˡСʦãδֿʦЦȵסʦ֡
ףλʦСģҲߡд󾪣еͬʱ̳ͤ󷽳ȥ
ܣɱ㣡һһ׷ȥ
ͬʱ⽻֯һܲ͸˲סǰķ
ߣα֮ʱ˫ɢâǽץȥ
ʵ˿Եֵģգۼͤӣͬʱƺһ˼ɳȥӰ
ʦСġ˼ȡȴΪٶʵ̫죬СʦãͶֻܹ׷ȥ
ԭΪֻǾżߣŸ޿֣뵽һôߣʦ־Ȼ޷סһС
ͤ⣬һ᫵ɽ·ֱͨܲϣͬʱһ֣һҡ
ãйŹ֣
ʶһӴͻȻôһƬѣΣɢʵ̫ǿˡ
ʦĻȻСʦУ
ʦԭ׼׷ϣȴΪĳ֣ŵˡ
ʦȴǳ̫죬ûļӦѾӭ
գۼ䣬ʦѾľȻվɫͣ˫ỨԽҡԽ죬ʦ̲סһѪ
ʦѾ˳ʮɣȻоȫʣǻѾԼеˣϥȹ
壬мƷּķԳΪ֮ȴΪŵӵд˷
⻷ƣʵʹô˷Уٶʵ̫죬Ҳʹǿ
Сʦãʦ³Ųסˡʦʮɣе
ʦͻȻ˫ס䣬ŭʹ£ΧȫǶħγɵĻ룬־ϵĿֲƵٱľ硣
ڿһͣɵԼȫ֡
һǿҵѣδԺУ־ǿޱȣ⻹ȴεѹס־
þ˲ˣ£Լ΢Цңҵþˡ
һǻþƴҡͷȥסȴѪڣ˫ȸ޷
ϱҧ֧ŻĹǻԽԽԡ
ӰͻȻ޴ڣϵĺţ磬ҡ
־Ϊ֮һɣӰʵ
һŭ˲ǰƮʮɣӰȴʧֳʮ֮⡣
ʱͻȻжϣͻȻһǰĻȫޣվǰ࣬


188 
Ҫڴʩչˡɫ԰׵ĽѪڣһѪѾӿ˺֮
ĴѾݻˡ
࣡
ʵ̫ͣǿʹǿƷ·ɣʵȴء
Ϊ˲쳣ǿнѪ£ɫӲ԰ףͬһֽʦͻȻӻͳһ飬˺һ׹һŵźš
ͷȻѣΣеķ̫ˣʵҪǸһ㣬ԼǺ޷֮
׹һâһǵźţ뵽һѸٴǡ
ʦڻֹͣ󣬴һѪĵ˵ϡ
ʦ־㲻Ҳֻǰ׳ˣɶҾȻ޷ƿ⻹ĹΧкʹķûɱԷʦ֡
Сӣ㺦ʦ֣ŭ˲ͽʦֵϡ
ɫĻ壬һ˿аЦ⣬˷ϣʵ̫ûˡԼֱ̬ĹɱŰֶ˼֡
ҼҡˣͻȻеʱɢ޷ٲݻ塣
ʦųϹֻҪʱ䣬ұѸٽǣȻ߻塣ȷһôϸЦ⡣
Цæ̽ҡĶʱڵѪڿƲסֻñһᣬѪ˳űǿ˳
ʦѾ˸ˣҪǸ˺ңɡʱ׺֮ɫͬǵĸѪ˵
ߣǿҵɱ⸡ϣһȥ
Ҹ㣡ŵĴУ̲סСһţѪ
ģѣߣɣѾ˹ȥɵĶеĽϡ
ôʲôʱýŲӣп־壬ͣѪŽ¡
ߵĽͷҲ˿ںˣ־֮£˵ǰŵķ
ܺãﵽ˴еĿģЦ
ʲôʦ֮㲻ܹߣҵɱҵġһ˫Сץס壬˵
ٷϻôõı˷ˣñȽϺáַһᣬ㵽С
Ҫ˺СʦáʦͻȻȵɫǵ࣬һӢ۾ļơ
ЦĿһۣȴͻȻڵأү㣬Ҫ˺ҼСʦá
廹ȵ£ȴָ޷룬˲俴
ҪɱңңҺܿ⿪뻹ĵѪϵ
Ҫɱˡ
зĺֻп־ս
ʲôͨͨ㣬콫Ҿ
ʦȻ᲻ãǱСʦõһ̽ȫ͹
ܺãȥˡ˵ʦˡ
ϧѾˣߣ⧲£Ѿһƻǰ
öδ䣬ʦѾѪȻء
Ҫɱң̽Щϵ汻ŵˣ˵
ʶɢȥԶѾ߸⼸ʦųˡ
ˣĺݣ˭ҪȷɱӵЩķʽ
һ˿ɫ֮ʱһȻֹ
˭Ȼڰɽźţѵġһŭ
ȿȣʦܣҲúúùܽŮˡÿζƻŵĹأ֪εǲЦˣȥɣҾϢһ߿Ц
ҲϢɣһòεŮҲЦ
ʦֲ˵ˣץһ꣡߶˵
Ӱ첻ɽ·³ȥɽֻܼһ·ȽϺɽԣΪһС·ϢյϢ˵һλеĸϵȴԽԽ
ãתһ䣬߼ǰ󣬲˹ȥ

һ㶼ʬ帽ŮȻѾɱˣɫ͵ͨ죬һ˲ݺᡣ
Ҫˡ߷޵
ôҲɱˣһ߶˵ɱ⡣
ֽͷ­װʬű˭˭ɱҵŮһҪѪծѪ
ɽ;У̲סһû뵽Ůʵôͣͷʵǿжϣڵʵ
ţǸãһǵķ׷ȥҲץ֡һϵѵ
оֳĺۼԺƺֳʱɱ˳档


189 
ʦܣʦܣǷʦܣȥȥһµκο·׷١ѸٵĲõоǳ޵ɱ⡣
²ˣû뵽ʵôǿУ϶ᱻ׷ϣǾɽһᱻ׷ϡ
ԭΪһСɣΪԼԴݲȵ뿪ȴû뵽ԷȻڵĸ֡
ģɱɱˣҲҵģ˵ɱǸ鷳尡ǵĻ
ͻȻһһһ˫뷨ӿļ䣬ɹʱɹˣԼΪ
ٺ٣ô죡еĺһΣͬЩķʧʦ͸Լģͨ߸ܹ洢Ʒ
ӵʱڣѾһɫ·ϱһͨߵңнֳ˲䲼óսĳĽһס
Ӵڵ˲㽫ߵʵΪʵǰŲ֮ǰ΢΢̲סһѪ˳һᣬ۾ɵڵء
ٺ٣ӲҲûϵҾװװ˵С򣬲ǿĳװԹȥ˫ŻĲʱ鴤š
ͬһ磬úûñѾϵ
ףҲս
һ۱㿴ɵڵصɻôڴˣѵǸպ֣ɱ
к˸ʶɢȥȴûзκˡ
С˭ѵǱְ·ײɱڣĿһ֮ɫһ̽ϢֱϢ൱΢ʱܲ
ʱɽֳʮˣΪ׵ȴһ۵ŮӣŮŭɫ˹
ɱ֣ҪʬΣŮˢһ彣Ĵ
ҿģֹȻ۾ȴܹĸоΧı仯һ
ˣ嶯Ӧò֣Ҳųֿܡ˵ȴǶŮʹһɫȻ˸׷ƣʮ΢΢ͷѸٵɽ·׷ȥ
Ůһ˼ȿɣ㲻֣ҲֵͬɴɱҲܹŹ
δ䣬нһֱ֮
ƣŮӽ֪Уֻ̽Եһ
̣벻Ů˾Ȼ˲úƣȻĴҡ֪ѾزǾҪװĸһ㣬һǵĻˣһͱȽϺʩչıˡ
ĽâĿ죬µҲ죬͵һС
ţһŮӼֻɵɫѪֱӴȴ˳ɫȻƽ糣üëûвһ£ȻȴŮӡ
Сôʵ̫ˣʵǿȻŮϵıȻܻɡ
ˣҵĹ۲죬Ӧֻܺߣ㿴һ磬ɸ֡ʵҲѣɱҲûǸʵ˺ˣҾʸסϵĺ֮ɫѾȫȥ
ʩչأװԣʹϵˡ
ϾŮˣ˼ϸһ㣬ôŮ˶һֲĸоֱǰ֮˺ܹ죬ܻ⡣
ѪиƣŮʵ̫ˣڱһᣬԼҪ·ˡ
ˣˣ˵û⣬Űɣ˵
㻹ҰڳΪ㣬Żᱻɱɱǧġ
ŮͻȻãһקס죬һֻ־⡣
ûл֣˲ȴֻܹŷ˿ЦˣˣΪҳֲҪ顣
ãȥԺʰ㡣Ůһһֱȡ
ˣģһʱ׼ܡ
ˣˣɱѾˣһԻҪȴ
ͣȴʮֲľͣ඼ˣƶˡ
ѵҸоˣŮ˵
ˣˣΪǣ˵ˣ֣ȻˣΪ˸ΨһŮ𣬻̲ס˵
ҵֱһֱ׼ģ⡣ȻװҾȶһȡŮӽ׼һ
ͻȻһŲ˹ȥպñܿŮڱصõһ
ۣһֻס˵Ĵȣ˫۵Ƕˡ
Ӣ۵ȫŤˣһϷһȷǺۣǱȻţȴݵ൱档
˰죬ϰͻȻ˫һգֱ˹ȥ
Խֲ֣ӻװԵĵŮȴǸӺɣΪղǡǡöԼĽ⡣


190 
˻ţڱŭˣÿŪʳ˭Ȼһȥҳ֣Ϊ𡣡
û˵ŭʱԼȴǸסġ
Сӣ
һŲ˵ĴϣһĲҽУֱֱͦ
ģģңһ׷Źŭ
СӣˣȻǷʲô飬ҺҾ㡣ſ˵֮ʱҩ赯С
ֻڼȷʵܹһҩ¡
ˣѸٵĸ֮˽ҩɫȴ粻
СӣҲһŻָҩ裬ˣ˿ڻõĸ졣ͳһɫƿӣеһҩ衣
նϳɢ˻ǽͷˡһƿӣ뷨ˡ
ۣллǣҵĴˡװɵЦȴЦŮĳǴѹŮҲáýңҩңѵΪװƯͿԺ¶ҩ
ҩУҲ˿ɣԹԵȥ¶յЦ⡣
СӣˣղųԵʦŶҩնϳɢ֮ڣûеõҵĽҩȻγϣʹѪͻȻЦ
ʲôҸղųԵǶҩΪʲôΪʲôҪң
һ𾪣˫ͬʱסӣŻڷһԵЦ
ȵСӣˣ콫λԵ˵͵󶾷ɣ
ŻţſڵϣŶ˲ע⣬Ѹٽöҩ˲תƽ˺Уŭˡ
СӣԹһҩġڣʵô£ƺҪ
ϷݵĲˣɫ԰׵ҡҡͷ־壬ʣŭˡ
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˵ҪͣԽϸԽãҵȷа֮ߣȻ֪ʲôãܡɢĺâ
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ˣһŮŮмЦǶеһһҵ˵Ц߹ȥ˺ֹţŮı˵ˡ
ʱԻмǿϸڷǳϸͬ˴ǸС
ˣ˶Ļ˿ɣ˵ʱͬʱɫһ䡣
ı๼ˣʹ塣ʹ壬Ҳɱ˶ᱦˡͻȻŭ
ʲôУͻȻһʱҲ˵ƾ쭡
ͿǺͿȻķ㺦ʹŮʹᡣ
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ҼͻȻʵǿӿԶԶĹۿŮͻȻͣסȥɱˡǸʱұ㳯ɽȥúмΪ£Ž˻ɱڡֻһɽϴŭӦǴң׷Ѹˡ˵ѻĻҪ棬˶۾ȴǵͷš
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¶־ɫȴ͵ЦڱԼƵˣһҪȥԼ鷳
Сӣŭĺ
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ͷ
ͻȻеˣˡ
ͬʱһϲ˵´󹦣ϷΪͽ
źۣǰγǼһ档ʱֻͨߣʱŸɽ˵иҪΪͽҴ꣬ȫıˣϧҾȻûϳ˵ҡͷ̾Ϣ


191 
źۡ
ţ
˵ӿڵɷĪһɵӣš
ģµôӳ飬ϲóȻǰ˵ǵĿڵ
ߣɱŮ֮𣬶ᱦ֮𡣾ţҲҪȥָɫ࣬ҧгݵ˵
żҿźֻһͨӡǴȥָ˵֤ȷ£нϲɸϡɫ˵
ǶǰţаЦȥŻƴʱԼͿԻˮ㣬˵԰оȳࡣ
ʱ䲻ŸۣĴ£ٶڵĳŸȥΪĿ֤ˣҲǰ
ţƷ壡
ԼɫδɢŨŨĸŴƷ塣һƽĴ̲ƺϣʱһŮӵӰ轣
֯续ī㷢ϣһ˫峺䵱ʱרעȫڡ
ХŨŨʱỺСϪˮʱ٣󺣲ΣŮӲʱ֮ԽԽ졣
Сʦã죡ʦҵĽˡһݿε긧ƶЦ
Ҳһ£ƺ⳿֮УŮӵ˭ܹŮӵĺøС
ŮһͣˢһУʦ֣΢΢һЦʦֹˣʦֿʦĵӣСŮȲϡ
ʦ̫ǫˣиŵĵ˶й𻨸ң˵Ǹζ֪ܲСʦȤһƷ⣿ЦʵųҵĿ
ŮһЦжʦΪмԴԼʧʦֱԼһ㣬ûá
ⳤģźĴмøͬվֻǣУĵȴǹһĿˡ
ãȻʦֳֿ룬СþͲˡЦ߳ƬĵطʱһŮѾ˲ˮ
С㣬ŹӣȲ衣Ů˵
㣬ȥסڣ˴ҶƷ⡣
ź۽üһĶŮӵͷŮӱټˡ
ԼĪһʱ󣬴Ʒʼɢʯ̵ʯϣڷĸ㡣
ŵ㣬Ц̸Ʒ⡣
ź۵۾ʼû뿪ݣĲɵƷ⣬ʵƷζǰŮӡ
ʦʧݹȻЧ־ãⶼˣ໹벻ǰκ顣Ͳӵ࣬Զġ
źۿ࣬ʱһбŭϣɽзڡ
Сʦãʦи⣬ʼҲ벻סңʼ޷߰
ź̾۾һЦɫ
¶еݣʦ֣֪Ǻ㣬˵ҲʦΪֵһ
źۼ̾ȴһϲ㼸µʱ䣬ԼѾ»㹻ĺøУҲ˸ñ׵ʱˡǰα˵ףźȴ˼Ķ࣬Ψֱܾ
ȵ׷ʣź۲˵ΪǰҰһŮһۼҾ϶׷ˡǣ¹ȥˣȻҶףʧȥĹġ֮Ϊ飬Կ
ͻȻݸһЦԭʦΪԺͻȻʦݣЩ죬ʦʦ㾭һģǵĶʦɣ
źۼЦˣзһϲСʦã˵Ҹô죬¸ұأǼȴʱ
һֳֻ°ͣգ峺۾Ժʦʦһ飬ʦ񿴣ӦǰĽʦֵİɣ
뵽⣬ź۰ͰͿԼһЦʦ֣ĵӲǺܴ𣿼Ȼ϶ȥΪȥܡҾʱˣ¸ҵ˵룬
ź۷Цűסͣ͵ЦԭڴԼıףʵ̫ˡ
ڰˣѾġźп뵽
ͻȻԼֻԼ֪Ϊʲôʧ䣬ʦԼԼǱһˣɱԼʦʱϵֻԼѾǸĵɱˡ
˭ΪôģÿǰͻῪʼǸȥԼٵˣʱ޵Ŀޣޱί
ϲ㡣źǺ˵

ɫִ͵̬ȫʦ־ȻǶʦףǶԼס
ʦ֣ģװɣʧʵ
źһ㶣ΪԼ󵨣Ͻ˵ϲ㣬ӰѾӳģԷʱ㣬ʱ㣬˯ǰ㣬˯ҲȫӰ㣬ӦҰɣҵ˰ɣ
źۼ֣˫ͬʱСץȥ


192 
Ҫ
һŵĺˣźۼޱȣϽٵӵͨͨĽлͣ
źۿɬ飬һϲʦãܣļҡúÿҵĻҾ㡣
пֻޱȣоȻһƬң㵽УͻȻһƬѣΣɵڴϳ˯ȥ
ɽٶͻȻɽ£ɽ¼ɽסȥ·
˴صأλֹҪ£ҿɴΪͨһɽȵ̬֮ٲȻ¶֮ɫ
д
ŭ𵱼ӿŵɱԼŮȡȻһ֡УΪɱ˶ᱦ֮£ŵ֪Ŷԡ
԰꣡ȼƽ̣ͿɵʡȰ
ŵһ´磬Ϊ֤˰ȫ£ױһ30Ŀˡ
СӣϷ˴ǰƽʣȥͨǳˣСĹ
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ԭŴݹ٣λԺȥͨ
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ţǿʲôֱ̫ɱȥΨ²ңͼӴ׵
һŵĵӷ׷׽ռʲôŵġ
ߣա˵ߵ¶־飬͡
壬ŴϽӵͨ¶ɻһɫټŵӣѸ֪ͨš
ʱ󣬳Ӽ壬źۣҲУãȻŴϣ֪Ϊ¡
Ŵɱʦܣһٵɽ鿴һǰĿġסҪǰ֣мϼһʵڵģǷ壬СӡҲģ̷ź֪ͨҡ
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ˣʵ̫ˣѵ浱ŶɵӲɡ˵
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ڴ׼һ취һ˫ս֮ʱԼȥˡ
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ɱŲЩŵڶǰȥ˳ķӿȥ
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Ϸɫãǿȭ
ߣǻ˼˵ɱС㣬ȡʵġ
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Ǻˣҳʦ´У֪ĶԶһӰƮδѾԶԶĴ˹
΢΢һЦܵԼĵӡ
һź۵÷ȥиӼſڱײסеļ

ǧ֮ڵԼǰ²ݣƽˮɽ֮ˡ
ʦ֣Ҫô³лú˵
źݸһЦźֵĴסˣɵЦŵͷ
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ĲԴԴϵгΪʱĿ־塣
ӣ£Ϸڣһᱣġ΢Ƽ
ţžˮˮԵδǰѵţȡ֮𣿡ߵ
˵ϷǰΪŮɱﱻᣬѵӦָ˵𣿾£֮ˡŭ
ԺˣŭĻֻĪ׹һС


193 
ţŭл˵һ㣬ղ˵ҸûŪסЦ
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ͷƢôô𱬡һĶ֡һ鲻Խĺһ
ʿǣٶ˷׷װμ⣬Ҳˢĳңָźۣ޲̳ɱ
ŵĵ̣ŷ׷װνŵҲʾҲɫ亮İγͻȻý֡
ţʲô飬뽲嶯ȥŽΪƣɱۣ˼ҪսҲẦ£Ը㵽סӺ˵
Ҫսս
ŵӷ׷׺Ҳš
˺ݺݵĸ첲ʹ֮£סĵĳ嶯ǰĿ˵˳Ů֮𣬱ﱻᣬ˵鴦ϵļⶼڲ
ӳһԷ˵Ум٣ĸӸΪƺҲܡ
ţǲǸˣɸûеӻֱɵ顣
תţʡ
Բ֤ն˵
֤ڣʵŵ飬ϼӹ̣ܽϾʵҲСӡ
ӣ˸ʱˣվְָɣ˵
ȻĶֲ࣬⣬Ϊź۹ϵܣȫע£鷴ȴԺУֻࡣ
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Сӣɵ˲ɡ
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СӣȻɵˡŭ֮
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аЦԷҲˣѾ׼źżЩ֮С
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ΪʲôңҸûźǺ˵Σܹڹ
Ц㣬ǰǲγѰɣţ
ûʱʦҡǣҾԲɱ֣ҷġ
źŭ죬ԩԷֱǼ޻Լ
ѣ÷ֱˣɱŮ־ңﻹҵȥ򣬽ƴҲָ
׺˵֮ɱǿҵɢ
ѣҪǲɱ֣ôҲǺ۸ġҲʶڵĺѣҪսž㲻Ƕ֣Ҳù˺Ц
һôĳԷƴֻҲʵ𣬸صǶԷҸȭ롣
ұ֤ʦǺˣ¾Բʦģһ˲ļ޻ʦ֣ǧƭˡ
༱ˣվźԱߣĵ˵
ֻ࣬ı飬ĻӡԺ
ΪʲôһжΪ㣬Ϊȴܹ⣬Ҫ˵ŭš
ѵǵһɵӵĻʦֱֵ
˵˲䣬̲סˮģ˫ۣдʹޱȣȻֻһˡ
оȻɵӣźۣҾԲŹ㡣
һϵˮ˲Ӱ٣УվĿֱźۡ
ɵӣƾʲôң
źŭޱȣ޲̳ȥƬͬˣеѹѾ޿̡


194 
ź۾֣ۼɱ߷ɱŶڣѸ׷Ҳᱻɱбͷǳŭ˲װݼĻ񣬸š
ѣ𣿸Ͽ콻Žǲݡ
ŭЦеӶŭ֣֣
źۣҲϸһ룬ǰź۲ûţ̴ŭСӷݺźۡ
ţ˭ͽܸʶƾʲôĻ֮ҾԲš
ϻ˵ҵնϳɢȻŪҵȣ˵ʶǣ͸ûҪ˵ѻڣһ仰ǲ
˷֮£ΪΨһһŮڸ֣е
ʦͽûɱŮһҪҡ
ź۶췢ĵԽ֮˷Խš
ţѾָϣʣµĸȥˡնϳɢĽҩأ㽻ҡ˵иûָǻύҩ
ߣնϳɢ޽֮ҩĩգɣЦҲһۡ
ϤĸоӰˣѵԼǸ
ãѪˣţǵ֮ڡ
纮˪ָ΢һѾ飬һ׹ӿʣԮźȻ
ŵӣһɱ
ŭź֮
Ӿŭӣ̷赲Σ۶ɽˡ˵ȣסźۣ
һֱע࣬ʱѾȻɱź֮
ڵĶʵźܵһǰڵĸǰ赲ȴб˼
ɣ
˽綾ţݺݵĴź۵š
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ѵ𣿡¶ɬЦ⣬һֻķ㷢


195 
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սңԮռѹԵƣŵ˱ɡ
źɫȫҵĲţеĽȴͻȻͣڿС
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Ҫɱ㡣ͻȻͻȻĳ

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Ҫʦ֣ҵɱ㣡ŭ
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196 
ԡ
סĳ˳ΨؿڵѪ絽ϣϽס
˿ںǶ˵˸㲻ʲôͿȬ
Ҵߣ𣿡
ֹסѪЦƺɲǼ䱻ǰ˵ڻǰδеĸог֡
źŭ
ʱź۵ĺսȦһĸϹ
סҪˣǻƭ㡣ֻңԶƭ㡣
쵽ӳȻĶ˵λ
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۲ΧĵƣȴֺѣԼһˣҲлᣬǴ࣬ûκλѡ
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һ֣ź۸Ͻ죬Լɲ¡
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ЦҲֻſԾȳʦ֣ӦûΪԼŹźۡźۣԼͻһУȻźۣôһнǻԡ
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ΨһεˣΪһӶƭġ
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ɱԼĵźۣ˵ǴߣһҲ߰ɣȴӿԼ㡣


197 
Ϊҵ治ɱãΪ˺۶Ȼɱ֡ڲźۣҾɱ
ӵвҲǿѨ֣׼ԼͬʱˣͻȻϵۣжʱĪһʹ
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ϿͶɱŮˡߵе̰أ⣬ϡ
һȻûлָȴʲôǰԼһޱϤĸо
ԭΪҷһУѵ˵һжģʦȻƭԼʦҲƭԼģ
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һŮӣɪɪһţʱͻȻӻѹ

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ȫѨ⣬֮ϵĺؼֻܹ԰ο
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еĻں޻ΪʵˮȴЦˣֻҪһУԼίҲֵˡ


198 
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199 
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ЦһȻϤʹ÷㹻󣬵ҡ飬źۡ
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200 
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ηڳͣǿҵıըŵĿɿڴһлһ˶ʱ
˼ֻǽڣǼԷ¶ǸЦݡ

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201 
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202 
ָҵʹźڴԺѣ˵ĶԻʱͻȻһУԭԼףԭʦԼĸס
һĻĻӿļ䣬ѹǶ˻չԼԭֲԼ顣
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ΪŵڶеٮٮߣһֱʦʦֵأһЩڴȨҲС
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203 
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ʮӰǰѸٷȥŵӻĶԵе̺ʽ


204 
۶Բ㣡ѣһ㱨ġӱźʹ޵
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205 
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Ϊʲô׷ɱǣʵȴͻȻеڣս±Ż֮ˣǸо־壬ɸû뵽˻ƽȸ֡
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սףҺξ޽ºҩ࣬Ҵϴ˵սףȥáҽᵤİվ͸ˡ
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ߣҲ޾ģʵĪĹϵڵ޷ôһڡ
ڼһɹһϣֻǴﵽڣһؼ⣬ᵤѶȾԲȵġ
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ҪսˣߣƽнһһȵĻ澹Ȼڿ
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Сģѩ֩뵣ǵ
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ȫһǶԷȴֻޱȵһУôĴȫ޷ܣʱ򣬽սͻȻһǿЩ޷ܵĴȻ˽ս


206 
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˷ܵĺһڴγϣĽ˲佫ƽ֡
򲻹ҲҪʵһĿԣĿѶзٵġ
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ƽԽõսףʵ˲ʮɹнս׻ǿʵѵܹ𣿡
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Է˲ԼЦʱҪŭԷڵ
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207 
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208 
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߶ڵǵǳ֮ᣬѪҺǳ֮ͻȻߵ֮
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Щʹýս׵ĺ֢Ҳȫǳ֮Чҽˡ
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ҡŤţȴʼƽ˱һ룬һƽǰӦľ롣

ƽֻһ񺮣Լ600ˣ޽ȻвУŮŮߡ
Ϊܹɱ𣿡
ͻȻ任˸Ƶģֱ̱ƽϵ
ƽϵĻðɣлץѾȥ
СӣжԶ͸ϷԶϷɱ㣡
ƽɱԽԽŨеĽָ˷ա
ŶĿЦ


209 
أū治ţɱūҡ
һתֲвŮо˸ƽ˱ŭ֮ʱͻȻƽһһƽǱҲյĲ
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210 
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ƽޱȷŭͬ跢й׷˵ʱɽҰǺʱƽɱ졣
Ǹļһͷǣɱͷǣᡭ
ƽͻȻЦǴʱͷѪеŭҲƽϢ


211 
ƽĸִЩȺ׷ŭȴûһͷǸҳȥϾƽ˵ʵЩǶҹЩͨûˡ
â̾Ǹ̶֮ͣԷշźţ磬Ǹϵ׷ˣҲĶ֡
ͻȻʧԼʶ֮⣬ͻȻʧȥټͬʱֻͷײһʯͷϣʶ˺ݺݵķһ¡
иڴˣ
չ˲ʶǿʶʹޱȣƬʮһԼߣȻȴѾڶЩɶԿǿߡ
ͬʱյǵźţ̴󼱣ȴֲҾçײķˡ
λǰڴˣСð֮ǰ
ƣڿпһȻȴףһиڴˣСӲʧҲʶԼ
СӷðǰǰһֱСӻм£͸ˡ
տ¶һ˿־壬Īĸ־Բһĵ顣
û˻ش𣬷յ׼תȥ
ʱһŽɫĲϼͻȻϿƮɫţ˷ͷա
Ȼˣαּأ
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շȥвһŮĽС磬ü£֬Ǿˡ
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ͻȻסˣ΢ţһ˫۾ŮӾݣϾȻŮӣһǸɸ֡
㿴ʲôأ㣬ˮҪˡ
Ůһ˫ɢЦ⣬˵
Ůӣ˵Ů˫ޣǸǶõһ顣
չžΪŮò׳еһζһŮ˶ˡ
ߵľҪôҡȻһҡ̻ռߵġ
СʵǿˣûôƯŮӣ
մ˵ľѾŮӶҡзģһҪֵôŮġ
ŮͻȻɫһɱ⣬Ҫɱ㣬㻹𣿡
ɱֱգͬħһ㣬͵ĶŮǰˣԼ٬ˡ
ǰҪɱСӣСӴˡ
д󾪣ŵ˵˲еķǷ֮롣
Ůɫͬµһ˵ͱ䣬ʱȴѾЦЦ۾гһ죬СӣҿЦģĪ棬Ҫɱ㣬Ͳ˵ˡ
бŮŪһһէŮôұ죬ˡ
ǰ֪Ϊڴˣ
¶Ϊ˵Цݣɻʵ
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ո˵꣬ٴηźţ̴󼱡
ǰмҪиˣղ뿪СΣգǰȥʩȡ
Ůɫһ˫˼һף㼱ʲôĪǲӲɡ
ɫ䣬ŮӲ֪ʲôַȻѾ޷оǵϢȻʱҪ뿪ŮȴԼߣǺá
׷ɱ׷ˣ˴Ҫͷ㣬ʱ֮ڣʹɣŮ˫һӣϼת˲ʧӰ١
·ȥȴԼһռ䣬ΧȫǰǼ̵ǽڡ
ˣұסˡϵҪǸ˺СһëҾĲ㣡
ŭһδγΧıڣÿһγڶᲾһֻ֣ǲ֪ǽж
ΪӴ˴ȥȱǣշĹһǽ
ŭţвʱڿУռ类סˡ
ޣǵʵ൱ڵߣ칥ԣﵽ˻ǰڵʵ
ƽЦշɽһһĳű
Զϱԣܿ˱Ҳܹ˻ƽ˻һ綼ﵽһˣǿԶԸġ
໣
ѾûͨСսԽСԽУҲ׶ܶԷɽĹ
ͷԸˣϷǰ׻ˡ
ƽЦÿһӳϱһ˺ۡ
ôңǴʱѾӦյϢԼ򲻹ϵ·һŭתӡ
ƽһȣӣ
ɽ˲׷һģ˲뽣֮С
أô
ƽϵŭ죬òսףչ·һڴ֮ǰɱͷǣŭ
˷Ĵܡ
ƽϵɫǱһɫβȻɽնϡ


212 
ǰţƷɽţŷǰ
ǣձڿбУڶڸ޷
İǶҲѾɽжϣƽϵ¶ĿУɽڴθ壬ǹڵء
ʧȥ֫ǰϣ˫۷޾׹⡣
һͷû֫β͵ıǣϷͲɱ㣬һ
ƽ˷йŭҲǸյǿ̷գѸٵ뿪
һ㱻̳Сɽȥ
㸩Сɽļ٣Լ˼ʱСܹǸϵ֧żʱ
Ƿ񶨵ģ
ڵ߶ıǣֱ׾ٵ飬ԽԽ£ԼıԼġ
ˣһΪģϵ˺һɱ㡣
ս䵽ɽּ򶷺ۼһ·Ѱȥ֪ΪΣʱȻ޷ܵǵѶϢ
ѵˡ
ŭͻȻԼΪʲôҪȥ׷ǻüϵ׷󷨱ûñǱϵɱ
Ϊʲô˵׷ɱ׷ˣѵǻüϵʲôϵɣ
ŮӵӰӣҺޣҲԸ
ƽһ·Цţһ뵽û֫ıǣбǳġ
ҪϷģ㣬СϷץˣ϶ѾˡŪޣǶõĳͷƽȻûץס÷ȴ븴ĿС
С׷ɱҲ£ȥǼλչصʦ֣ǽᵤɱ֮أ
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һĨѪǰɵڵأʧȥ֫ı˲ҲʧȥȺͳȺ󣬷׷׳롣
ĹڱΧɽ֮һƬǹ¶Ӱɵڵأ崫׶ĵʹʧȥĴȾΧ˿̣Щȵļϳ鴤ţıһˡ
ѵˣȻΪβң
ͻȻĪĺ⣬ǰԼȹΣȻһΣԼΣյʱȴʧӰ١
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ŮжǱָһâɵǶ֮֫
ԼĪһ̲ǵ徹Ȼָ֫ȫˡ
ɣ
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СǵĽû
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Сǣʲôôҡ
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ȴתͷܣգۼʧ
ˣΪû
մűʧķѪģѪδδµ
Ȼҧң
ֲ⣬һȴʵɲš
ŮӴƲпһĻЦˣһǾͲӰ쵽ĳɳˡ
֮УոսںӱߣЩޱͬˮӿ˹
ˣϾȻҲޣԭɱһһԼȻҲų˹
ôôù׷ɱ˼켸ҹȻӵطȫޣˡƵĶ
ɺûıʵģҲһ𣬷˸ޣˮжĳһͷϮ
ӣ
Ҳûʱ룬棬סСʼǵһҪġ
ȫӹȻײǡ
Žսף治Ҿȥ
ͷޱײɳȥᣬ̳Զȥ
ټĲԭϣɢŽâٵıţȻŴޣһʮޣֻҪģȻȫ׷ϡ


213 
Ϊʲôѵϲս׵ɫֲЩΪʲôһҪ׷Լ
ôСҲ׷Լ̫Ź˰ɣѵҳܲ
ˣһֻ޴Լٵ׷
Ϊôޣʲôط
ȻŮӿ֮﾿ʲôһطȴһ֪
޷ʱܣʱУʼոޣĳһγ֡
ͻȻһдԶʴ
ϣ
߿յͻȻɢӣǵϵҲѸɢȥ
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Ϊ֮һ㶣Ƭ̲ΧѾûһͷ޵ټгԶϰ˶ĤĽ⣬Ȼκηޡ
̧ͷԶʣһֻ߲ʷɶ
ɽ¶֮ɫͷݳأͷ缦ľͬһʵ·βͣͬβһ㡣
Ӧ޼ķݰɣ̾
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ǾȻֱɶԶһȵķѾӭ
Ϊɶѵװݲɣ
Сӻµˣûװݣ֮һƬϼУһŮӵЦ
ˣнս׻ͱղЩ˺Ƭ
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Ȼһ֣ŵĨͣѸٵĳǰӣֻǣȴ̫Сǿе߲ʷݡ
߲ʷٶȿ쵽£޴չڿмա
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˵ǾȻչԼǰͣ¡
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ߣ
ǰ߲ʾһֻһǿ󵽱̬ɱԼ֣оȻȫ޷ܣ˫һڵء
˫ĳϥǣǿгס壬ûйȥ

ЦɱͻȻɢˣǰ߲ʾ΢΢ͷƺı֡
㾿ʲôޣˣһﲻޣǾˣܹܲʲôްɣԼƵ̱ɱ
ϴʹǳ֮Ѹٵֲ壬ȻԾǣǱƬͻȻַɻԼϣսҲѸٵ޸š
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СӣǲǺܾΪʲôң߲ʷͻȻЦʵ
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ͷ˿׵ĻսжϣԪӤڵʵߡ
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΢ЦʵǿķǰʵһȽϺá
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õʶȻɱ㣡߲ʷ˵ͷЦж¶֮顣
ˣҳҺ̫ǿˣɱң㴩ŽսҲûκãֺαشǺصսأ¶аЦ⡣
߲ʷȴһıĿͻȻǿҵĴǰСӾȻԼԶĸо
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Ȼ壿߲ʷʵ
壿Ŵͣһ仰˵߲ʷѵң
߲ʷ˵ʵסˣԼ࣬Ȼ˵Լ壬̫賶ˡ
𾴵Ĳ˸£һ׼Ա˵塣΢Ц˵


214 
߲ʷֳǵ⣬ƺŬʲôѾʧܾˣ߲ʷ˵ĴмУϡǵãǿ塣
ͷʹ
߲ʷͻȻһڻûﵽ޵ǿʵˣЩмǲƵġ
壬߲ʷԼ֪һЩ飬Ǹȴ޴ӵ֪
˵Ҳ壬ͱˣͷͲʹˡο
УҪ߲ʷͻȻԵ
ͼͷʹɣ뵽ȴǲ˵ƺҵѪҺᵽϢǣ֮ӣô塣ϱԼǸ¶˭ģ治ⱲӣԼȴǼǵ
߲ʷǵ۾ͻȻһâҾԲŪģڹϵĶ塣
壿
һ˲뵽˵뵽˻ģףǻĲǺųĴѵйأ
ĴĻôζŵеĻĶŮĴˣ
磬֮Խ磬ɽҲԽ磬ѵ˵ĳϵɣ
⣬ǰ˼⡣
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Ц
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кóԵˮ߲ʷΪ֮һ
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ŶС㽻ˡ
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ҪôϻûעΧôСҽӸǵʳ߲ʷ˾
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ҪȥôоԼͬһƬҶӣȫݣߵ˰γǶţƣû뵽ԴʦҾͳײˡ
бԹʱ߲ʷͻȻһУ͵ɿ
СӣﹲĿأڵһһأԽɭ֣޵ȼԽߡ㿴Űɣһ֮ڣ㻹޷ͨһأô׼űɱɣ߲ʷͻȻ
һ㶣ѯЩʲô߲ʷȴһ̳ԶʳֻʣŵУϣ
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ʱ󣬼Χûʲôվ룬ʼǺˮȥ
Ŀһֻʮһ֮أ
ôûʲôõĵˡ
ˮ峺͸һ΢紵Ϸ˿˿ô˴ͬԴһ㣬ģǸ羰˵ĺõط
ͨһˮУĺˮ壬þûںˮгˣεĺʹ졣
ͻȻӰߴɳɳĽŲʶ쵽̴ˮеӰߣһӰһ
һ˲䣬ȻںӰߡϦҫ£ʵϣһ˫ڵɢɭĹâ޳Ӱϸ˿˿Ө͸ˮ飬Ƥ֬ϵļȳƶʧС
ĬţĿ磬ȻǵӰͬһ磬ÿ죬ȴҲ졣
ģ콫ӵ·
ʱһŹؼɤӴ
ƺʧȥ˹Ч͵·ΨһԴϵģʱ͵ȻļܹܲԼ²Ұ˰ɣ
һЦӹľԷһ˲䳯ľзȥ
һƬ˸ߵĹľɭܲţŷɽվڹľʶ̽ţȴǺƣİĵطȻ·͵ˡ
ľԺܰƺ֪棬ľ԰е֣Ȼ͵Цȴʱӹľд


215 
˭б¸ӳ͵·ʲôú
ðһ˿âеķɽɢı֮⣬Цжϣпˡ
ȻڸïܵĹľԣ͵ľص㣬Ҳ޴ӷֱ
һ󺮷紵ֻϹģһŭͻȻбų
·ɱ㣡
˵
Ȼ͵ȴ˿ʱˡ

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ʵҪݻЩľԸѲķѶ
һƬƬâľԷ׷ױնϣʱһ󼱴ٵġ֨֨ɲԶ
ߣ
˲伲գǺӰٶҲѸٵڹľзӡ
֨֨
ӰŴһ̵תܣȻϾʵôӣʼնܹǰ
ƲԳԷƣ
»Լ·ʹɱˣǺӰٶȻ죬ȴԼеٶȣǺӰʵǲ̫Զˡ
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Ǻںﱻһȭںϣ³Ѫһ˫ֵз֨֨Ľƺ
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ںû뵽޾ͼԺеĵطȻðôһ࣬ڱץסޱȿ־塣
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ںƺĻͻȻ˫ѧڵأ˫ֺʮĶҾģȥҲϡ

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ҵθ񰡣
ԼҲǴƲţǺںﾹһָԼ塣
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Ͻһס壬һϵ·Ȼͨһ˺ˮС
ԺѾϤ˺ӱߵһЩ޾ȻҲ˵̣ÿ϶ǿߡ
֮䣬սһģɱԷ⣬һǱԷɱ
һ£н˸Ǻں֨֨ĸΧһȦҶƵļªСȹΧżƬ޴Ҷӡ
һֱںΧǻȻȻвǰȻʣҵֻ·һ


216 
˼һֱ߲ʷƺڰԼֵطսʵǷǳѸٵġ
һȫͬ磬ΨһҪʵֻѸٵڵʵ߲ʷ˲ſܷԼȥɣ
ʦ˵Լ߱ԣˣһ;ʮ㣬ȻҪһڱﵽڵʵ˵ѹҲǺܴ
ϵķĴӣЩвʱԾˮ棬ǣЩˮоҲŲޡ
ಣ
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泯ӣĿ͸ʵʰľ⣬Ȼаȵţӷ紵ںڵĳḧǾµӡ
˫ڿͣ٣ңŷɽں֮ϡ
ںգ۾˷ܵĶǺӰƺ¾ķɽղŵĿһͷɫ㣬㣬ʵһͷܾõ
һ紵Ϸ˿˿Զջмͷչ߿շţƺ쵽ɽΣգЩԶԶ뿪ڵƬˮ档
ɽľˮϣãͷɫڴˮദ̽ͷ
ں޶˫ɧţȴֲҷ֨֨Ƶĺܡ
̣Ŀһ˫ͬʱһ
ɽʱˮеɫֻϷ׹һ̰ڶβ·ȥ

Хһɽٶȸ죬ͷɫǱʶ̽鲻ˮף޷ʹ÷ɽһˡ
֨֨
ںżĽе۾һ۲գĶˮ档

һ޴ˮ洫ͷɫˮ棬ȻɽȴεĲ֮С
𣿡
Ц˫ٴ˳źӰķһɫˮҵţһ¡
ȻɽȴѾֳâŰ߷ȥ
ɫţȴɽӴεˮ浹ɳȥ
֨֨
ۿɫҪקߣںѾˮУɫĵ
Ϊλڣɫˣȥ

ЦһɽͻȻ䱬ҵâ
ˢ
ɫ㾹ȻһֲĺűûϢ
ɽˮ棬ѪȾ˺棬С׷ԾˮʳˮеѪҺ
ںֵˡ΢Ц
ں﷢˷ܵ֨֨Ȼɫȥ
ѵˮĲۣ
ȴں˫ˮٵ㶯ţɫӰһӰ˫ץסɫʬ峯źӰѸٱ
ýɫʬϰ󣬺ںѾ嵽ľмƺ̡
صһЦ˫һ飬оȻð˿˿⡣
ʱѾȼ˲ѣɫ򱻼ڻտ
Ѿʹзǡʦһз飬̶̼칦зϵ١
տʳ󣬺ںȻѾ񫣬ĳеִӵ
Щ޵ģΪһܣںڳʮͷ޺ʵȻĺܿ졣
Ȼ޿ʵȻŹκĻᣬſʼ飬ͷǵƷ
𱻺ӷһȼյģХ㱻տ
ںÿƶˣЩණϽͳԼҲ׼ͷ㣬˲Ҫɾ
ں֨֨ͻȻںﾪϲĽͳһӡ
ʲô΢΢һ㶣ȴǺں㵸ľ˷ܴС
Ҹ
ӹںݹɫӣв⣬۶ȥ
ԼҴСͨɫɢĳ˵ζ
ʲôãһʯͷ
΢΢һЦֽӽ˻Уȴû뵽Ӹӽѣ˲ϨˣһɫӴ
֨֨ںＱˣƵɫӣ飬ԥһһѽС
㾹Ȼһ㶡
ںһǿӺͻȻһ˻𣬾Ȼ
֨֨
ں﷢˵ļһָϨĻѡ
ףҪҪҵ𣿡
ҡҡͷں̫³çˣȻһűԵ̽ǡ
أ
һƿٵϨĲѣڴͬʱһһҵСзǲѺ̡
򷢳˲ȼǺںΡΡĶڻѱߣȵȼյĳʱںϵĺ΢ټ֡
һ֮⣬ԭشʼһԪ
һԪ繦һԪڲʮ󾳽磬һԪŵһڼ䣬ܹﵽĸʽΪһԪŵӡ
Ȼ󲿷ֵ˶ֹڵľ֮⣬ܹﵽĶ٣һԪյŵӲ٣ܹΪŵӵģȴ֮١


217 
ȻһԪѰҵŵҲ츳֮ˣԵߣܳΪһԪڵŵӡ
һԪһ繲ʮ㹦ӦʮعÿһΪϾ¾硣ɹһԪȴǶһģһԪĻΪһԪġ
ĿɾѾأȻһԪһŵءĻһԪҲе
һһ磬³һƵ˫ۡ
ں֨֨Ľлȥƺ˷ܡ
ף
ʶɨȥȴֺںʵȻѾӶһ׶ͻƵ޳Ρ
ʱ䣬ôһ¾ͳޣҲ̫˰ɣ
ҡҡͷǺںȴ¶˼ı飬һָͷʬ壬һָԼӣȻ˫ֱȻһԲȦ
ǰɣԭǳǿӣ
ʵǺں˷ܵĵͷһɪ顣
ԭˣѹղŵݸأ
лȻԭڵ̳ԺԿԼԣζſ̳κ޵ӣ
뵽һϲʵ̫ҪˡƬʲôȱǲȱޣôޣԼһӣʵͻǡ
ǿĺ棬ں֨֨ȻϥڻѱߣǼӵ
ƻ֮ǰֲͷȻֻһͷɫӡ
ɫϵζüëһ壬ȻӾ壬ԼΪҪʳֱ˹񲻸á
ϥһץס飬һٷɫӵѱϡ
޵飬֮Ҳüˡ
һϲʹݾĸ죬ʮֻ޵⣬һڵЧΪʱ֪ôƺʱΪڵ
ʱĺܿ죬¹ȥˣѾںںתһһطµٲһͷ
ȻֻѰʮڵֻ˺ںһľԵڵȫա
һԪڴﵽһϾ磬ʵʶԱȣֻһԪɾֹҲ˵һԪͬĸ֣ٿԶԸࡣ
ںźӰǰУڼһʯɵķָߡ
һС͵󷨣ʵļ£ûܳȥ
ǰ·Ǻںȴ֨֨лţʯɵ󷨣ںˣ塣
ҹȥôһԥɵУܹںޣлǺܸмģпܣԼҪһԽ󷨡
һѾ˻Ǻں˷ܵȻ᲻һȥ
ںûµģûʲôΣաֻҪңҿԴ㷭ԽȥЦŰο˸
֨֨ںȴһָҷмͷ󷨸ս
һֻļӥսͷϵޡ
ӥһƬʺ죬ȻѾˡǶͷޣһֻǣһֻأ֪γƺһһĴβͣǾݳΪɡ
ͷǲʱͺţǰ΢͵ķϣѸٵԾֱǺӥڴͬʱһ֨֨ҽţͻȻðһżֱϮǺӥ
Ŷļںӥսͷޡ˵޼սѾΣЩҪôƾǿ壬Ҫôƾķս쳣ңǲݡ
ͷǳ˷ݣצ⣬Ȼܹ»棬ϵȻ޷졣
ӥţһ˫ӥ͸ǳǶͷ͵Ϯˣܴôս״̬
ںﾲĹսʶ̽£Χи޹עͷ޵Ĳս
ɫİѪɫڿУͷӥȻδδѪȻƴȶ˫ʱǿзʮɵĸ߿ܹ
Ȼͷ޵Ĺͬ籩಻ɫ³Ļ澹ȻԳʮ֮ߣϵ򸲸˺ӥܴκε档
ӥڿһ󣬷һҵʹӥȽ档
໣
޻Ƿ˷ܵĺУƺѾȲʤʱϵ˵ĺӥ
ӥŭˣȶһǿļ罫ǻǹεʮɡ
ಣ
ӥһΣȴ޻ǣ
֨֨
ӥϾѾˣٶȲһ㿪ӥצȴһ
䣡
ӥȫչֱ
ͣ
һ¹ʵ̫ͻȻ˶ûܹȫ㿪һ̸š
֨֨
ʹгǺӥ֮ʱͻȻһȻ˵¡


218 
֮ʱ޻Ѿӥ
ӥûܹ޻һҧס˵ĳ
䣡ӥ͵˦ǻûһ˺ӥһࡣ
ӥŭԼΪļȴͷ޻ˣӥһ޵ľâ
أ
ӥûüͻȻһ죬һپȻѸٵķ賤ǺӥצεĲס
˵棬һľϵźӥϮȥ
޻ǿڴ緢׺ݵĻ棬ڵһֱǺӮ
ں￴Ľζһ۲գҡҡͷƺΪǺӥ̾Ϣ
Ѿʵֻɢʵȴ¶һĨصЦݣޣûһӮңӮҡ
ںƺܹĻȻͷ
ӥʤʼնʵؾʤҲǲʤɣ˵
ںȴҡͷȻںΪӥ䡣
ںǴģӥӮˣ߳ƬӥˣҾΪļʵΣ
ŵһЦǺں¶ϲɫͷ
ӥ˫צȴţ޻ǣֻչȥӭ
޻ĿȴǺ²ӣһҧסĲӣӥֻ·һ
˫չ˲ҵĲɱ޻ļй£ӥİϵ˿ڸ࣬Ѫϵĵ䵽ϡ
ʧȥצӣͷ޵Ĺߺӥӥѡ˷ء
ӥڲУҪˡ˵ΪҵţѾ쵽˺ӥ
޻׼ʱ͵ӥϣһҧ˺ӥ䡣
Ҫˣٺ٣
ע⵽ǺâһȻӥķ͵ӭͷ޻ǡ
໣
޻ǵİ𣬶ǺӥȴѪ죬һǵ鱻ڿУѸ̽˶С
ӥϹһֻ۾޻۵ڵϷֹʱӥͻȻһС
䣡һͻȻ֮ϣӦ۶ϣŵĶ˵¡
໣޻ϹһֻۣԸٴӥ
ͣ
Ǻӥеܼݺݵĺ޻ǡ
ļ޵ǿ޸޴޻ǲԷޡ
һ޻ǻһ󽹳ζӥϣצݺݵ޻ǵĲӡ
Һϵ𣬺ӥצ˺޻Ѫһأڶ
ӥһ˫۾˵棬ͻȻӥٴη棬һ޴ӳˣ󾪺źӥ
һ˴ηǺӥһ˫צ˲䶴ķֻʣ²ʵ
ӥɱͷ޺󣬰ͷɭַһУƺھΧޣǧҪʲô⡣
ںˣЦǺӥʱҲע⵽â
ҵһսӥƸأرǻڵѪᣬһͷûӥڵġϾӥǿеǿߣڵ棬˿ûκơ
ںߣǼȥ
еķɽȻǺӥ
ӥ¶Ȼ֮ɫȴû뵽ʵǿ֪㲻һзܼ
֨֨ںＱˣȻСġ
ȴЦһ˿磬Ȼһֱӥ䡣
ܼϣȴ¶ܵЦ⡣ԭȻǸǵģԴйĹֻҪʵ֮£Ҫ

һԪ֮£ӥһɱֻǺӥǰܹ⣬ΪԼǿ繥
ѰһȻҵ˶ڵ⵹ľϲ
ں֪ԸķɣˣҴǰλɭְɣ΢Ц˵ʯϵּϿԭ֮ǰĵطйľ֣ľֺ󣬶λɭ֡
ںεķ֨֨ȻӦлŨŨĿ־塣
ʱһͷҵޱͷ׷֮£Ѿӽʯ֮
·£ǰӲǺ׷ϵֹ֮⡣
һĲҽдô޾Ȼӿе˻صˤڱ̵Ĳݵɽ
޻Ѫ죬ǸմѪһĵİͷʼѸٱƽ
ѹֺں˺£Ǹļʵõģ޵ƾʵѿԽ󷨵λɭ֡
뵽һѾǶͷǰ
һҵġ
䣬˵ɱͷŭһҲηɽʵ̻ͷӵ
ں̳Ѱڵϧãûڵ
ô㺦𣿻Ҳҹȥ΢Ц


219 
֨֨
ں﷢־ĽȻǱղͷ޵ĲҾסˡ
ȻҶˣô棬Ҳúһȥ
ɫͻȻᣬһֽǺں첲𣬷ʯ֮Ծȥ
ںŵ֨֨ҽУһ֮УһǿѹúںＸϢ
ʱһɫĻӰͻȻǰ
ɫӰȻǸŮӣӵһžµݣּµΪ֮Ϣ
ôŮӣ
аҡͷΪԼϼŮѾܶˣӰһȣȴҪѷɫ١
Ůð
΢ЦĿ˵ü΢ڳһ˧POSSһҽдںﾹȻˤ˵ϡ
ಣ
Ůȴһ仰˵нһѾͷ
һԪôܣд󾪣һȭסŮӵĽ
˭ΪʲôᶮһԪڵĽ
ʵŮȴ𻰣Ӱٴϣнĺ⡣
ߣ
ļʵȻؾ£ɵĻǰŮӵĹҲֻһӰŮӲʵڵġ
ںֻ޾ѹڣڷ㶹սʱͻȻһǿƴ
֨֨ںд󾪣һӰӰȴͺںһģһ
ںң
Цٴץźںﳯǰȥ
ಣ
ӰƺҪǰУһ㽫ںһǰһס
·ֻһһСΧ£һۿͷ
ѵǲļʵĻӰ𣿡
Ȼ⣬ȴףȴЩӰܹͨ󷨡

һקźںһתһǸںӰ
ںӰƺһû뵽ʵôǿȴѾºںӰͳһӭķɽ
һ⣬ɽ͵ķֻһǺںӰȻӦ۶ϣǺںӰҽһ徹ȻķɽΪ롣
ҽʱǳݣǺںӰαͻȻðһɰ̣ںӰȻʧͬδֹĹ죬ȥĸϢ
䣡
ûĺںӰǰŮӰһɡ
ŮӰĶ֣̳֮ϣϻһĨѪ
ŮӰһ£ɫͬһ㺮˪һݵƺսһΪͨ顣
Ȼо֮УǰŮȻǸӰȴ֮ģ۲ĵļǿ־ʱҲ̡
߰ɣȻǻӰȴԸɱ㡣˵һǰǰС
ŮӰȴޱ飬ȻŽɱȻýŮӰĽȴǻȹƮƮŮ·ʲ
֣֮ȴǰ룺Щ󷨵Ķޣļʵ࣬Ǹͨ˵󷨡˵ӰŮʵ˵ҲΪ֮񡣻ôһɱһȺڵߡ
һΣҲֻóļεʵŮӼвУ˲֮ࡣ
ŮӵʵǿǶԽȴǲͣʵ£ȻУŮӻˡ
ôһӰԽⷴңһаˡ
Ժҵ뷨еĽϣ⵱Ϊ֮һŮӰһ
ںŶ˴սӵתţͻȻ֨֨ĽѧŶ˵Ľһһʽ
ʱһһĹȥˣ𽥵İƣͨǻӰŮսһԪҲ˲١
ںĿתĵŶ˵Ӱ֪ʱһ㵭İģսеĶˡ
һӰ֯ŰӰȹ˵սһּµС
ҲԼŮӽսͬȻ裬˷ڿУڰཻľȴŮս
ŮȻʼûзһݾôЭأŮϵɱ󣬶˶ûɱ⣬һսɴıԡ
ٵһŮӴȥֻһΣŮȴûж㣬һЦһЦ紺棬Ҷ裬޵ĸо˲ġ
΢ԥ֮£ĽȻֱֱ͵Ůӵǰˢһͬһʵһ㣬ѪգۼʹŮ͸
²̣ĬĬĵͷŮӣһƳȴƾһƳ
㲻ǻӰ
̲סеʱŮӾȻһǳǳӰӣӰǳȴ֤ԲǻӰΪθղȴûӰأĪһʹ
ŮȴЦԽãĵ㣬޵ŮЦȴ顣
㵽ǲǻӰͻȻӿֻŵĸоԼɱǻӰˣԷˣһڲѡ
Ľõɱңɱġﵽռľͷǻٴġ


220 
ŮͻȻ˵öĴ¶˵Ц⡣
㵽˭
ͻȻĺȻȴֻһŮӰȻʧӰ١
ǰԺɸŮӾݣȴȻף˭
ںȴǻ֨֨˷ܽЦһĳؽһˮڽϣŮµ
һһַǵˮ飬˵̤ǰȥֻȴѾһӰӣһԼֹͣӰ
¡
߹һμѵĵ·ͻȻһըںֻǰһԭɭɭĿռȻʧǰһƬɭ̵֣ݵأΧȫǸߴľ
ʲô
ͷȥȴһŰ׹ȦԼںվȦС
ĪǴ˵еĴ󣿡
д󾪣о龰ϷĶϱӾһдϷϷвҲĴ
ֻǣǰΪʵͷȥɭָ£ʯȻ֪ںηԶɭȴˮԭӻڡ
ںո߳ɲͻȻһͷ޷͵ĺ
Сģ
Ѻںս֣ȥȴһͷ޴ȫŰƵ֩룬Ŀʱһ˫񶾵۾ں
ôһ־弶ޣѵרغڴ˵𣿡аЦԼʵֻشˡ
弶İ֩׹⣬ͻȻ³һɫ磬ڿһű
ȴЦһվԭأҲû弶޷ķԼЧԼڹ
ȴ˲ʧȴһܵı飬˫֩롣
ںﱻŵĵսľҲ֪ǸΪ߼ޣʵǿĿɽ򣬺ںԾĶˡ
֩һ˿Ի󣺡ļôԼ繥ѵҲӵ𣿡
䣡
ȴ治ɫĲ˫ĳصľƺܵĳǣ׷С
һʱ䣬Ȼɫ磬иǵ˸ǰ֩ŭˣһϮ
Ҳʼ磬ʵȫսڡ
ں￴ĿɿڴƺΪĽһı죬ںѧҲѧ
֩ŭǡԼǿֶξɫ磬綼޷ܶԷǸûκʤ㡣
Цųǰ֩һƽʱøʩһѹͲܼʹ繥ˡ

ˣϱֵŭƭһֱ֩룬Ȼ䣬ֶܹΪء
֩ϵˣһǵصȴͻȻЦ
ȵ֩벻ٷ磬ʱһô£ڸֵˡ
䣡
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô⶯һ׳Ȼ䳯ǰ֩뵱ͷȥ
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ں˷ܵץһɫӣ֨֨лԾصݸ
ķһʱӣЧǳʵȻͻˣɾﵽ߼жεʵһԪҲﵽ˵һ󾳽硣
ٺ٣طҲɱֱȿЧãɭôػиްɣڵʵ޵еĴڡ
ɢʵʰľâһͳЦ
֨֨
ںҲЦʱѪ˫кȻץŶ֩ȡ
裬ǰɣں㾹Ȼͷ֩ˣ
ںľٶһֳ֩ªޣȫë׵ģžͷƤ飬û뵽ںȴԵĽζ
ںм׽ţܹʵ⼸һֱܣγªԽȥʵͻӣһжֵˡ
źں۾ƺ³ͼЦں̫ˣСˡİɣң֤Ժиԡ
һһﳯźˮǰȻֻɢļʵǺںʵ޵Ŀ⡣
߲˶ã޳û͵ϮںȻǺʵıһԵɱ
ںҿ޶ϲ㣬һ£֤иԡͻȻ¶аȵЦ⣬ΪںڴλɭＸһ漣Ҳļʵһʵĺں˷ܵĳ
һôϣ֦ںϣǺںҲϣֻȴȻ¶˵Ŀ־顣


221 
Ҳѹ֣ȻԼҲļʵں£ǲŽЦתһ룬ҲǺں¶µ飬Ÿܹ޵ע⡣
ںʮɸߵĴϣԼеصϣһˮľ׽
ںȻ֪ڱԼϢоҪϷ鲻Խļ
У̫Сˣдһ㡣ңָӵ
ʱλɭִһں˻֮䣬ʵԷӦһ޵ıʵ
ΧЩ޷׷䣬ںк󣬷׷ѭ
ϣЧȻһĺðʱȻѾ˰ֻޡ
Цеµ˫ͻȻصľһ㵭ϷԽԽŨĽȫǡ
ںЪϢһ£ˡ˳ӳһ䣬һԶ޸﷢ҲۿԲˡ
˸ޣ޾Ȼж弶ޣļޡ
Щ޷ʱҲ׷׷ŭ˲䣬Щ޶˱ϵĺں
֨֨ôǿޣں־ķ
Ƕͷû޸ǰͷޱһľ롣
ͷ໥ŭţűŭ
ͷޣһǳɫǵޣһһɫ
ͷͶӴǳţһӣƤڣȻǿͷϵǷޱȣһɶ೤
ͷɫٳʮɣ˵ǣȻжԴʱţԴͬʱǳ
յĳˮǶͷûļҵ
ԶԶΧţȻԸǰϵĺںȴηʵޣǰ
һ˿Ц⣬Ǽ޾޹ؽҪ޿һҪµģܹõ޵ڵԼһ»ҪЧֶΪء
ں֨֨ţŤԴлο汻סˣͷޣǺˡ
ڶͷ޸ûںһۣ໥俪ʼƣǣ˵ĶͷеĶߣͷ޵Ĵսһ
ɣݺݴöܾˣˡ̵͵ЦҪԼһ϶ޣ϶÷һ۲ܹ¡
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ջ˶ͷޣЩСʧȥȤ˫ڿдЧʧҲɢΧָֻľɫ


222 
޵ڵȻ֮ǰеڵ˲٣ȻȭͷСһϲ
һ򵥵ķ󷨣£ϥ˫ָץסһڵڻһԪ˫ֻڡ
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ںﳢԵնͷȻָȻ濿ڴϣò˵ɣҰɣޣ̵ҳ⣬죡

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һһƬλɭֲ֪ɱ˶ޣڣһ֣ЩȫӣҪԲޣѶҲԽԽ
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223 
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ںԴӵִƬ֮غ󣬽ĳĬ࣬Ծż޵ʬ壬һ˵ĸо
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޷һ࣬޴ĸȻűƶ
ͷżͬʱʩչȻڱϣ¶ʧ飬ҪǱˮУȴǱһ㵭ɫĹ衣


224 
ˮͷżȴȻû˶ˮԴΧΣյ㡣
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225 
ҵģ
˵ϸһصЦ⣬߶ҵģ
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ɱ
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ںһһøղޣźǰУƺҲĬһ㣬һհգ㿪ʼ߸衣
ʱ䳤ˣҲż̬ҲԺת˺ܶࡣÿμжĪҸƿῪġ
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ǰʯͻȻɫ䣬иһ֪ǲǻþȻӰֻβȻ

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ôȻӣôҲôˣһЦ


226 
һǺǣڴ͵Цģӿɰ
ںŭһȻ޵ĵᶼˡ
һ·ϾҺܶΣûûڵʵˣҲûȥҵ
ں뵽Ȼ䳯ǻӰȥеһӳӰ

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˧Ҽ˧ӣɣſ˫֣顣
΢Цһȥں򷢳ʹİ
ڽˣǰݣͻȻһ
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ȻǰɫĴȴǸû߳ȥΪƬȴֲԤС
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ںǿпԼ壬ţһ˫۾ȴǿͰ͵
ȻϣٻսףЩһҡ
ϴֻýսķݣȻȴǲͬȻﵽʮһ¾ʵƾһԪһԪʮޣҲ˿塣
գۼ书ʮͷޱ㵹Ľ£ǺںȻ궯ΪʶҲܲĳԼ
ں﷢һץŭ𣬿ϴʵ̫ǿˣԼȻ
Ҳ˺ںǿпԼȻ޷ζԽԽŨں񽥽ı̰
Цҡͷ֪Ϊʲôһ޶Լв֮𣬾Ȼںﶼˡ
ںټúñأ
˵ںֿľ򣬵ĳǺںӻ֡
ںҲſֳ裬ϵıᡣ
һ̣Ѿ֮ϣȻԶʼɶȥ
ںԶȥӰһſˮ˳۽ǵ
֨֨
ںƺںΧ޵ĺں˲ĺ
뿪Ҫ棬Ժں˼ʵȴҲ㹻Ƭԭˡ
շգķޱ׷ϡ
ˣЩ˵ұݸ
ЦȻȴͣ٣ԶȥŵķԽԽ࣬ѹѹһƬȻڵķٶȣʮ޵ٶȡ
ڸ߿շаŵķٲ°ͷ
ɫᣬһĨаЦǣǽս׵Ҳס
ͬһ㣬ЦͻȻͣ˿С
űĺ⣬£䣬Щ޾Ȼһ㶣ҲǿǣȴͲסϵζ׷˻
ȻٽĻᣬҾͲŹ


227 
սͻȻʧϵĺ䣬ʱ׼ڽս׵ķƾ豾ʵЩһս
Ȼսڵһ˲䣬ЩеĿͻȻʧˣζͻȻʧҲЩ
ʮͷʵһķ̵һգۼ㳯Զȥ
ˣսһЩϲζ
һȻЩޡ
սڼǵĸַڿͷţĽҲһδνɱޣвϵķޱɱİ
ʱѾջʮϵڵ
ڵ⣬սʵһѸ٣ȱչٶȺֹʮ
ԺһƬâʣķ޿ȵ׷ϣúڴ˻ָƽһЦĳƶ֮С
һºʵѾﵽʮ¾磬߲ʷ˵ĻԼѾ˴ﵽ
еķԽˣ߼޸ٵĿŽսշ裬ŵķҲǳˡ
ֵЩˣƽЦ
¹ȥˣƬԭȻԽˣˮеҲɨһ
ԭϣһֻɫ﷢һΧͷŵ
µʱ䣬ںҲΪżޣƬԭҲ𽥽ѾԼء
ԭһ飬Ժںż޵ʵ̸أɱͲˡ
ƬĴԭģŨŨİѾ˼֮ãƬûһͷ޸׿
һͻо֮ǿɱвٺ޴֮УȴûһͷԴӰ֮лų
һƬͬûͷ޸Ҵ󵨵ķƬֵաƬܹ죬޵ĺ֮ģҲ˸޵
ģһɫӰϥݿϲŭ֣һâȻγ߲֮ɫ
߲ʵĹâͷһ޴УеҲƺǺӰˣٵĳӿȥ
ããԭУһͷɫĺԶİһӰԺлĽ𣿡
ںоϲҲеǣʱĺںȻΪʮޣ¾һյĴԭںѾӽԭĴڡ
ΧԽԽ٣ȻƬۣһʲô
ںа룬עȴһֱעƬ
֨֨
һֻȺںСϲٵɫӷ͵͵Ľл
֨֨ںһЦͻȻԾ𣬾Ȼͷɫ˵ڵء
ֻ߼ɫӣǺںһ£ȻںʵͷɫҲֻйԹźķݡ
һдմ߲ʷ˵Ӱ֮С
зȫݣϵҲӵĲӰںȴǶڲݴУһ˫η۾֮е߲ʷˡ
߲ʷ˵ٶȺܿ죬ٶȿͬڿ˲ƣɽ󣬺ںһԭ߲ʷ˱ϾȻһŮӣŮԣĿȴ֮еŮӰͬʱҲ
С磬ǾǸСںȻôˡ
ŮöͻȻָźں˵
ಣ
һȵķںֻǰһڣ߲ʷǿա
ɫﾪֵУںȴûжܣΪֱͷ߲ʷҪɱԼԼҲ㲻
߲ʷͣ˺ںǰ߲ʷ˲мǺںһۣһӴѹ߲ʷϴںֻ˫ϥԶһ㲻Ĺڵء
ŮһЦźں˵Сںǵ𣿡
ںֻ߲ʷ˵ѹԽԽǿſڵأֵĵͷ
С磬ȷհɣСں嶼ڲ΢΢һЦ
㣬Ϊʲô֪Ҹûɢƣ˺ģ߲ʷ˲˵
ޣأֻҪû־塣ˣ㲻ˣҸ䣡
΢Цһ֣һɰɫâƮںǺں̸оп־дǿ̧ͷˡ
СںۣȻӶ޽ʮޣһʱ䲻Ц
ںһ𣬻һӣûԼڻǶҵʵԼʵʮʵҪ֮á
֨֨
ںͷһָ˰֮С
СںģµġǰΪ̫֮ˣȻŪĶ۹һתŨŨİ
㣬ҿǽ޶ɱˡ߲ʷͻȻڵ
ԷЦˣС磬ʦֵӹȻͬˣǧ֮ĵҲûһôǿġڵʵͿڹ֮ޣˣǻ´ҡ


228 
㲻ϣһԪڵˣĸܹڵļһ˵˵ǸʦѾˡ߲ʷ˴Ц
ʱ֮ͻȻһըһһǿ֮ҲŵƳŰϿֶ
ɫΪ֮һ䣬ôܣʲôȣȻ䣿
߲ʷҲǾȵ㣬һûʦûˡеţȻͻƣʵ̫ˡ
ں֪ͻƹʱֺ֨֨

ֻһֱ£ЩڵϵĲԼ壬ڵľҲһδξĸĽڵջۣǿ޷ĵز
ͻƣ
ɫᣬҧ渡ֳ߲ʵĹâͻȻһըڴſ˸ǿҵıը
Ͼ硣
һϲһԪٵУЩѸٵĸһԪ˹·ǰ
¾磡
ʱЦһԪ޳ɵ¾Ѿ൱ѩ֩ʵβϲǵʵսѾѩ֩롣
ˣôͻƣ޵Ľ̬߲ʷ𾪵˵
˵Ϊ޵߲ʷˣҲסˣɢŵı飬ʵ̫̬ˡû˵˭ֱӴֱͻƵڵģȻˡ
˶ڵȲ˵Ƿϣ͵ƾڵ֮࣬ʱսڣĿԻһɣ
â˸֮죬ȴȫû뵽
¾ƺڱǣһ˿аЦǿֹͣ˹ѹڡҲ˵ͻƽһԺȻ졣
΢ЦվоȻһ磬³һŻ棬һӣһѾ۶ɡ
ڵʵˡ
˷ܵĺ
֨֨
ǺںĽԭȻҲˡ
һϲ̸ߺں
뿪ԭغ󣬿е˲ʧˣʲô
߲ʷˣ
һȻ߲ʷ˱֮ȴ˵
߲ʷʱҲΪ֮һ㶡
һѾƵĲΣƶƶһʵļ⣬ɵͷĺ룬ĲɣֻȴȻϬޱȡ
꣡
ʱؤ࣬ЦǺںѸٵĳ˹
ں㾹ȻѾʮˣ΢΢һЦ
Ǻںһžһ졣
ںͻȻڵأſűߣ߲ʷ
ʱҲͻȻһĸо˵һʼֻΪӵԵʣôһ˽ġ
һ仰Ҳ˵ţȴ˱еĻӰŮӣҲ޷Ϊơ
ֱֱĶţͻȻڵУƺܶһ㣬ҿˣ𣿡
ȷʵû롣㲻ңô֪Ҷ㿴һ˵ȴǰЦûʧгԼǰ
ƶ죡˵£Ӧòµҵ˰ɣҪҽ𣿡ȻһЦ
ɣû´㱾Ӧþͽ
΢΢һЦв֪ΪΣĪĸ
Ϊʲô˵һ㶣ΪʲôΪԼʹݻʹ
о
˵ӣͻȻ֮ӽĸо
ʲôоƺʧȥյǻۣȻɵɵʵ
ĸо
˵΢΢һЦɢŵɡ
һϬ񣬾Ȼ˵
ûиǾȻҵΣ߲ʷ˲ˣ˶˵ĶԻ

˫ĿӣȻͬʱ˵֣Ĭʮ㡣
ôϲŮ𣿡߲ʷ˾ƺеŭˣʵ
ŮӺϣ
ϲκ֮飬̹˵
ߣˣСӣ㾹Ȼ˴󵨣ѵ㲻ҳͷʲôݣƾ˵ϲϲ߲ʷоȻɱ⡣
һ㶣߲ʷ˽ΪôװͰ͵ģʵ̫ˡ
С磬ôˣҶƽϣ㼱ʲô΢Ц˵
߲ʷˣȴоǶã߲ʷܹ˵˻ҲôűŤʱ߲ʷ˵Ļ±ᾫʰɣ
߲ʷӦ֮ˣԼʱûǴĻӦ߲ʷ˷ġԽԾӣصλ߲ʷֻ߲͡
а룬һǿԿ϶ģǰĶԼһǲ𣬱Ͼʵ̫Զˡ


229 
㣬㣬ҵĴڣҳԴˡ߲ʷͻȻ˵
ͬʱһŶͬʱЦˣںҲģ
Ц߲ʷٲȻһС˵ǳɰ
С磬޷ˣôϲأͱԴˡ
ЦŰο
Դףһͷ˳ҵĴףҲ̫ˣôȢһͷأò㻹ԿǿǡаѰ˼
㣬Ҹ˵ˣˣ߲ʷ˼е
Ųˣ
һʱ߲ʷ˵ݣϰԵķ
ұͲˣǸ߹ޡˡ߲ʷ˴Ц
Цˣ׼尡ͬأ
㣬˵ˣ壬ࡣΪξǲأ߲ʷ˽е
㣬ҰɣƵ˵
ĬˣΪ޵С粻ѣȻΪϢʵ̫ˡҪ֪Ƭ½ѾкܶûϢˡ
С磬Ժ˵ֻסϢܣɱ֮ġ
룬Ŵ߲ʷˣ߲ʷ˳΢΢ͷ
˭֮ˣ
ͻȻʵ֮ҲûؼˣȻһܵġ뵽࣬뵽ˣģͻȻ
Ҿ߲֮ʷ˿˵
˵㽫Ū֮ģ
ʵпκϲŭ֡
ɣ͵ġ߲ʷԼŲá
Ծ߲ʷˣЦġΪʦյĵӣǷǳ棬ǧʦֻչӣңӶûͨԡʦͽСһѣ˳鿴ʡԣС罫Ū֮Ҳϣһ֮ڿٵĴﵽʵ
Ŷԭˡлλչˣ֪˴βԣλǷأ
ȭ˵ԼմʦӵĹ⣬ʵӵô졣
βԣ츳־㶼ﵽǵҪرǣŮջ󷨣㶼ס˿飬һֱûз־ܼᶨܹڶɵ飬زҪ꣬ȫԴﵽʦֵҪ󡣡΢Ц˵¶͡
ݣȴʧУز⣬ǻԼ뿪֮ҲԼʧ
ʦã˼ƣʵѾɹˣȻͨĿ飬ҵȴʧˡӴԺжһӰӣⱲӶˡ
ڱ֮Ѱʱ飬вЩˣǰĪĳ嶯
ߣСӣǱ˼ƣ޷ͨ顣
߲ʷ˲ĺߵһ˫ۺݺݵĵ
ޣ˵ģζʹ˼ƣ
һм˵
㣡߲ʷ˴ŭҪ쭣ȴˡ
㻹ʦֵʽӣʦһƣҿɵԽ㡣ҿҪ㣬СǳŮвԣ㻹治һͿͨ
Ц߲ʷҲǺǴЦ
һĪ߲ʷ˿Ա仯ΣȻⲻûпܣϾޣͨ
Ҳš
뿴߲ʷ˱Ůӣʲôģ˹˵
㡭һڵģҸģһ죬һᰮҵġ߲ʷҧгݵ˵
һǲţȻʵûǸߣ۹ȴҲ㻹ֿԣȻ㣬Ҳܰ㡣
֪ڣ߲ʷҲ˺ԼЦ߲ʷȴŭˡ
ţᰮҵġ
㣬ڲ뿴ɶСӣˡ
߲ʷ˺޺޵˵ͻȻʧһ˲䣬Ȼ֮С
ϣϡ
ŭУ߲ʷʧ֮С
㣬СǺǺǡ߽˼ϴ㣬ֺŵζһ
ں֨֨ĽлһͻȻɣŹı顣
ǧҪСС磬ǸƯŮӣ۸ڶ֡ǧСǴûһ˶ĹΪΪԭƺкøУҪϧ
һ˿صЦ⣬ݶС˽⣬ȻǶ˸о
أҶ𣿡
¶Цݣ󵨵ʵ
һôǵһ߽Լġ
ӢʣǻۣѲĴݣ츳ȫԵ츳־ȻܹԼջ
֮˵ŵ㣬ҪĪ棬顣
ҵģⱲӶǣ񻰣ÿжжֹ
ʣһֵܹˣ


230 
ҲƭԼҲƭ㡣ǵһȻĶӣȻ㲻ҵҪ֪𣿡һ˿ĸ顣
Цһ̾ԭҲΪⱲҲٰκһŮӡԴӵһο㣬ұоһʣǿƲסȥ㡣
ģ鷽治ʵҵˡ涼û⣬Ψʵǲ̫Զˡҡͷ
ʵ
㣬ģֻҪԸһ꣬һﵽҪġ
ƽ˵еȴһ
һ߶ԣת˲ţһΪޣв̡
һ꣡
۾϶˵ʱ̫̣ҪﵽҪʵ̫ѣϾ߶ԣһ겻ת˲š
ɷţӵĽ츳ȻҪףδһʱڣҵĹҲߣҪˣҾԲΪԼԼͣͲǰһڣʵңǱԵ޷ݡ
ޱȵ˵ҲǼᶨȴܹ֮Լ
ϣͻȻ߲ʷ˵
Сǲ֪ߵغģ䶨ˡ֪ʵѾӽɽʵһڣ޷ﵽɽʵ㲻ܴ㡣
ת˲֮䣬߲ʷȻǰ
ʲôɽʵ
һ㶣ֻʦ˵ߴﵽһʵҪɹ٣ȻգշѵʵʦҪǿȻӽɽʵˡ
ߣʵȼΪᵤԪӤϣ񣬺壬ˣɽٵȽ׶Σһߴﵽɽں󣬾ɽ֮ʱ
ջή½ף޷ͨ׿飬߻Ϊɢɣתޣǿͨٿ飬շΪǴ˵ɽһԱ
ǵģ߲ʷ˵ĺܶԣѾӽʵ֮ڣʱһ㣬Ҫңʵ̫ˣûϣɣҡͷЦ֪ɺڵļѣ֪ԼʵʵȻԼġ
һյʵߣһܶɽڵߡЦ̫ˣΪ޵ңҲҰڴ㣬οأ߲ʷ˳Է̵
Ҳ֪Լƺ̫ˣԼʦƶİ˲ʮҲʦ˵ǧܹ֮ɽҽˣڷɽģݶ
Ҳ˵ұڰ֮ЩҲ޷飬һ˿ᡣһĿƺ̫ˡ
㣬ǧʱ䣬ҲһԴ㡣˵û漣֣ƴҲԴĿꡣ
߲ʷѾ˵ĶԼ˶ۣȴ֮ɫֻǿЦһȻҲڰڴԼ
죡Խ߲ʷ˵ѻ죬ɴ
߲ʷƢͻ𱬣ȻҶԼ𣬵Ҫ쭡
С磬嶯˵ԼˡǻȥСɽסһһ꣬ϣܹ漣ɣһɫƽ˵
漣漣ҲǴġҴûʮԴﵽڵʵѵⲻ漣㣬ңǾ֮ڣһġ
˵ȻɢŵĹâһǷƾбůůġ
ãƣ׼ãȥ߲ʷͬˬôôˬ
ںҪ뿪ˣúñأ
źںе
֨֨
ں˲䳯ȥ¶顣
ˣҸˡúƬɣźںԴҲһ˿ᡣ
㵽߲ߣ߲ʷƺͷˣߴٵ
ټںֵȻںͻȻʱ͵ıסĴȡ
ǰһתȻƶ֮С
סҪŬһһꡣ
ĶߴӰڿж˶٣űʧˡ
Сӣһᰮҵġ߲ʷ˵һƬâһ߲ʷҲʧС
ҿںôҳˡֻ´֮ںﻹεıԼĴȡ
֨֨
ں۾Ĵİ磬Ȼ˷ܵĺС
ֻˣţűŰɣ
ֻص磬˷ܵĺ
ʱλСɽıԵ˧Ĵڽ£΢΢һЦȽʵڲΪʮʵ㳯˧Ѹٷȥ
ǿǸ˵Ӱɣ֪ôˣ
бչһʱ䣬ÿ춼жȹӲ˿иҪȻзǳңԶľ롣


231 
һˣʦȻûаϢ֪ôˣ
뵽飬һΣ׷ɱ֮ûκϢţרǰѯʦϢ
үһҪʦƽ
ȼһ㣬ϵĹڵأĬĬΪ
ڣ
ڰձ㷢˷ܵĺУһ˧ʿ̷Ļ
˧ٻˣ
ʿջ
ʦ
һɫӰȻ޴ĺٶ֮죬˧ʿ׷Ŀɿڴ
ٽһֱչһٳ֣ˣҶʵ
Ȼ˵ˣ񼤶֮£Ȼ˸׽Ļʵ
񣡡
Ѿµ棬΢Ц
ʦ
񼤶ĳ嵽ǰͨһڵأʦһȥɵˡ
һжȻԼ仹ҪԸȴԴӣ飬ĽԼʦˡ
ʦͽ֮䣬˿
΢Цķ䣬һӿ˫ϥ֮䡣
񼤶ۣ˫ȴ鲻Խվ
ʦ
ϲһѱסҲ¶Ц⣬ļ
ںɣΪǺһЩʿֻк棬ȴûк¡
֨֨
ںﻹǵһμô࣬֨֨ĽеЩʵС󣬺ںѳݵЦˡ
үԵ㽶ɣ
һʿӳ˼㽶ںöԵģ̽㽶𣬰Ƥо׽˴ЦóóԵĶںһαں˷ܵĺš
΢ЦŶһʿͷЩʿϲѡ
ʦ˵ʦӷϴһѲϵˮ˵
Ϊٽӷϴ
ʿĺ
٣
˧̷Ľе
˧ɣߣǽȥ˵֪治㣬Ц˵
ãԸȥȫףΪٽӷϴ˧
ں
ĽлںѸٵıߡ
ôһֻӣʦޣЦ
֨֨
ںﾹȻһЦֻںں̫ЦıȽˣûŵȴ˧ŵ˼
˵ɣںʵ㣡ȻҾͽͻȥ
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ںߺһʵʵĸĲ±Ǹ޵硣
ʦҾһлʦڵӱ죡
ֹ£鼤ľٱ˵
üһȻһ֮ھʹﵽ˾ż۷ʵҲˡٶȣôҵҲȥ
鿴ʵҲΪ֮һҲԣô졣
Ɑʽˡ΢Ц˵Ҳŵӡ
ʦлɱ
һʵ֣񼤶ٴᣬһľơ
ｻһһ룬ڽʹоơ
үҲһ̳ɣ
һʿ˷ܵİһ̳Ƹںںһдľζ˵ⶫζ
֨֨
عͷȥЦȴǺںһ̳ӾƹȻѧЩ˵ģҪԼ
ں˱Ұ
Цں
ӵҲ˼
˧ЦֻһþûˣҲʽӣ˧Ҳûκΰ
ʦһǰҿһߴ򶷣֪ΪξʧһأͻȻʵ
ҴñˣǴ򶷣Ǳ׷ɱһѾһɵϹҵķһ·׷ɱҡЦ
ʦǣ߿϶Ǳʦɱ˰ɣ
ЦжŷţΧЩ΢Ц
ɫͻȻһ뵽֣еɱһһ֮ãֻҪһȴĿ
ϴûɱϵһˣһὫϵҪɻҷ𣬲ڣ
Ȼ˫ȭ߬кӿ
˽һ漴òĵˡ
ǰɱֵĺңγ˭˲֪˭˲ˣ˿ҧ˵Ļ˽ĬĬͷ
ʦĳ˾ҵĳˣҪһҲɫһ˵
һ齥ƽʦĳаš㻹Ǻúʵ˺ʦԻ㣡
ǣʦͷƵ
٣Цˣٵĳˣģȴﲻæ˧̾ϾȻ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ҲδءһгˣҪ˧
ͻȻ΢Ц˵ȻЩɱׯǰ֧˧ÿʹ


232 
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236 
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סˣɽеһֱ޷ԴԼ崩Խ磬Щ̫ˣӹŹ֡
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237 
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238 
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ɢĳȫסݣȫ˿ڲ°ٸļ϶ָϸıˣڵӡϣڿȥȻһƬѪģ
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239 
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240 
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241 
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247 
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255 
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256 
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257 
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260 
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˴һнһ׼ıϣʱ˿
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261 
һϮϼŵͨһڵأȻʵĸֳУûܡ
ϼҿŵŵĴҺһ׷·
ǰĪ嶯αغЩͨ߼ƽϣ´Ӻ󷽷̽䣬һ۱Ǳɱϼҳϣһ˿ϧ֮顣
һͨ߾Ȼҳ֮ˣµѣǰѵȲ֪֮ˡǰȥɣϵʬ壬Ȼ˵
ɽǿΪ𣬺²ûƽϣ˽롣
ɽżʮߣڿһ·ȥƷǳǿ󣬺²ЩģôߣѪԶԸ
ӹ֮ôʹΪʦΨһĶӸɱˣ˴ǰΪ籨ġ
ҸҳȥӭսЦ
գѪ£ôվһ߳ʱʵ
ϻ˵Ȼ˾ͱӣѪ²ͷ˵
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󣡡
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ֲҪʱŽսףκιеķɽɱգۼ书Ѿɱˡ
ɣŭˣһûŮӳֻ˵ᱻԷɱ
ŮЦվڳУĿɱǽɫӰ
ɽŵһ޵ľִУǶħһЦոЩ˵
ͻȻ־ˣֻѩ֩ĹѾһҧɱϣȴһԼߡ


262 
ʱ˵⣬ɽŵĵѾȫɱҲѾѩ֩ˡ
ѾŵӳӢɽׯɱȥɽׯ⣬ͻȻɽŵӵĲҽһ
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ˣĬŮͻȻ˵
˷׷Ϣȴû˿ɢʶȻû֮̽˵κټ
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Ůӵĸоʼе죬ƵĸоֱǵˣȻȴǳɡ
ͣѩ֩Ѿն˵һȣЦ
ʱĵиղŵ绪ѪۣͷɢңоǾ֮ɫŭ죬ȴκʵԷ
ѩ֩ĳͻȻͣ£Ǳĵѧкâ˸ƺҪǵе־塣
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мЦǵɵ۵ĿΪôţɽΪС
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ŮƺͻȻûԾˣЦͣԺʦ㣬ʦһᱣİȫġ
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УʦǴŮߣľСɫǣͻȻЦһ˿ľګֱֵС顣


263 
ĪǷ㴩ԽģĳƤŮӣѿڶ
˶Цˣȴ˵ķ㣬Խʲô˼
һ£˼ôµҵݵģⲻܣ˵Ƿ㰡ѵԤ֪ɡ
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̲סЦͬ񾭲һ䣬ƮƮȻˣ㻹ΪԼǷ㡣Ц㲻˶ģ㻹ʸ񡣡
Իˣô˵ôʱ֮Ѿ˾Ӣɽׯǰ
һ⣬ʶҲ̽˾Ӣɽׯǰŵˣ˵ֻʣˣһȥǸźҵģ˭Ҳ
ڿӢɽׯʱŨŨɻ󣺡ΪʲôţˣɽŶûܹѵʲôŹ𣿡
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СӵʵϷ֣ж֣Ҳֻͷѩ֩롣ѩ֩ʵȻڡעѩ֩ϡ
ʲôв֪ʲôΪǣӵעȻȫѩ֩˵һȫӻ
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ע⵽Է¶Ц⣬пһ£ͻȻ쵽ĪΣգȻȴ֪ΣӾѩ֩롣


264 
ϵҺһһս𣿡
Ц˵ȫûӷӲմﵽΣǶԼûκʤ㡣
һ㶣û뵽ȻԵԼֻʵôѵƾս׵ĳǿԿԼ
˵ĽսȻȴһ㣬ǾˮһմȾˮսױԶڡ
ٺ٣ȻҾͳȫ㣡ЦƺԶ
Ǻãַɣ΢Цǰȥ
ڵЦһǰԾʮɡ
ӣôҪҪҼУЦӾȻҺԼһһ
ߣСӣϷУܹʲôֶΡӰͷ˵
㵱УŵЦ
ϷԶ֮ˣ˵УȻˣŵЦĵҪǺ۶ͽˡ
۶첻ģİʵ֡Ӹֶɽ塣
ҡҡͷɽ֣ԼʵҪȴԼеļһΪе
еĽޱȣϵЦԵ쳣죬ӣһνӣУԼҲɶ
㲻սѵɣЦ
Ը㣬ҸҪʹýսסЦĺа
Ľ΢ЦĶܣͻȻɽϵƾʮϣٶȸǿ쵽ľս
ô㾹Ȼڵʵ
ɫˢһ²ҰףҲ˿С֮ģ͵ĳˣɽȻС
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ҿҪģ֪Զţ丸ӣѹźҲǸС˵ĵУĵ˵
治Ҫ˵УһжԸãţŭָӵı
ʦѵ޳ܵļһɣҲź
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ʵʵڵҲܹԸοֻǸոʵŵء
ɣɫһⱩǣͬʱѩ֩Ҳˣʮĳͬʱһҽд˿з
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ϵټ޳ܰôˣѵͶҲκ˵ͶЦе˵
ЦһѪۣ鰧˵ӣѩ֩뷢һһ޾м˵ӡ
첲һƬѪģѩ֩צץˣ˿δδѪȻȴȻȻƺȸԼ첲ֹѪ
սʼĿ죬ĸ죬ǷƱþ˲Ϣ֮䣬㶵ԺѸٵĻս̡
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һʱ䣬ڴﵽʵ壬ϾȻţѵǳʲôҩ
˼ǧӸʵƺһжˣǰĳ˲ʵ


265 
ϵ𣿡ͷȵǿҵɱӡ
һޱȺڣ˼ûкҩʱ˵ӣҲǸܵġ
Ҫɱң¶ηɫ૵˵
ҪģʣΪͼʶӵľԼС
ӹתƣԺųƶħߵһлƺԵޱɣӾȻ벻һŹԼɡ
ɱɣٵǼĸ飬ҺһĻŭȼ
һΣΪԼȵ¹ײ
ۺ죬ս΢΢ţ޲ʬΡ
࣬ѵһ㲻Ƕҽɽп㣿㾹ȻҪɱҡüͷʵ
ޣǸ۲۵СˣˣҲһ޳ܣ˵֮ŭ
գ۾ˣͻȻЩøУܹ޵ˣͻĪĲøС
һȻվǰ˶һ֪Ҫʲô
ʦܿѾɱͬ飬ҲˣŹɣΪһӦΪƣɱ¾ɲǽֶΡһ˵ı顣
ʦ㣿ǴˣлˣɣŪˣ۶ҲΪұġаϲ˵
಻ŻʦƺرϲԼԣԼϲķҲҪԼҪɱˣȴɱ
֪ǵĳޡ
˵ˣ֪ˣΪǸźǵĳźۣαȥ˺أĴĻһ˵
ӣǸˣһƨǻȻ΢΢ͷһȻ˵ı顣
Ϊʦ㣬˶ÿ˵ѩ֩Ȼŭˣ͵ĿںȻҲĺߺš
һֱĬţãô׳յŻʦ𣿾ʦ㣬ҵĳˣʦųˣƾʲôܣƾʲôţ
ǣţһֱֹڱ֡
˵һͣжʱһ޷˵ίУŭϻһĪĴ
ƫɱҪɱбɱҡͻȻɢ˶΢΢ˡ
лӲɱ֮ӵģӱΪȴû뵽ŮӾȻҪԼ
һâ֩ã׼һɱӣɱ㻯ҲȲˡ
ಣ
зɽǣǿҵɱ˲佫֣ͬʱѩ֩³һİâֱӡ
Ӿң
һ߾ٽֵһ߾ֵĺ
ס֣
ŭȴһâԸٶȽ֡
㡭
ۿҪ֣ȻӵȴʧˣȻڰ֮⡣
ߣӺȵȻգֳַɽסѩ֩롣
ֱգԶѸٷȥͷһأдڿϲ֮С
ߣɫ࣬һ仰Ҳ˵ֻǺһѩ֩ɢɱ⣬ȴ֪ǻֻܹȻա
ǰɣˣţƵĺ˶̾Ϣҡͷֻǿ򻯵ȴޱ
𾴵ʦ㣬ԸˡڣǻҪȥ죬ˣޱĹ˵תߣҲһۡ
ղֻһʱ嶯Ӻ󣬻Ҳֻʹ˶ݵʱ䣬ˣ׷ϼЦʦܣʦ嶯ˣǸòã
ߣ
ǣ֣ѸٵĳǰȥҲ׷׸ȥΨΣһֱͣĸ˵ʲô
ιǵȥƵʵҲеڣղƺˡ
ؼң֣ʵûֻһӣֲźۣҲûϵٴԼеġ
ΪʲôҪؼңʵ
ͣ˽ŲŻЦôˣ㵱ҵӣֵܣͽܶһ̫ǿҸûʵǣԣǻؼұȽϰȫ
΢΢һЦΪȻ˵˵ôأǻʦʲôĵˣʦǣȻ󱣻ǡ
ߣһָ㱣ǣǻ鶹ײˣղžͷŹǵĳˣ㻹Ǳǵľˣܲ𡣡
Ǹˣ˵ˣһʱ嶯ôôС˵
ʦ㣬Լ˵壬һʶ̽У׼ӥֱ˲Ƴ
ף侹ȻУȻһɴ۾˵
ڴʱͻȻֹ飬ʶ֮̽󣬺оȻԼĶ⼸ռ䣬һԺд


266 
˭ôӵк䣿
һ㶣Ż˵ôˣ
ʲôҸղи˵𣿡Ҳһ㶣ʵȻǺöŮ
Сӣλ񣬿شң
һȻǴӺдģ˵鷳Ұһе㼱¡Ѫ£ʵߣң
˫ִһ˲䲼һС͵󷨣պԼһˡ
ʧЦһ֪ʲôȻԭشŪѡ
СģԲɣκ˽룬ɱ⣡Ѫɫʼ˽ڵĵطػ
ϥһֱǺʶϵţ⽫һ˵ܣ˲κˡ
һռ䣬ǸǧɷԲĿռ䣬ĿռһĴҪ򱶣ǸˣҲֻռ˿ռеıɽһǡ
Ǹ˵ʶǴӵڶռ䴫ڶռ޷̽鵽ֻããһƬʶȫǿռϣ޷̾롣
˯꣬˹ģһᱨġǸʶЦ
һʶȻԳѵĴڣУ޵еĴڣ
ףСӣңɽ绹磿
Ҳ֪ɽ绹磬ֻ֪硣ش
ʲôʲôѵǱ绹ߵڣǸȵ
оȻסһҵһһ㶵ģӣǸӦò˵ѡ
˼仰ͻȻþȻˣҪȴǱȽϳΪʲô˵ôۣûʲô򵥵ķ
񰡣ľȻСȻֻǸͨ࣬벻һսȻҵľأȻһͨںСǸ̾Ȼ˱
սʲô⣬һɣзһϲţ֮ˣԼһҪֽֽ̣ôҲô̽ԼõϢ
ʵ̫ˣӵк䣬ְ˵͵ʵôҵģǸ̾ƺŨŨɻ
ǰֲ֧סˣܹ㽻ˡ´İɣֻۣޱȵۣԾȻʼΣϮڳ˯ȥ
һֱм󷨣ôܹסԼȻƺû˹ɫò֪ڸЩʲô
ףȻ˯ˣвŭˣΪѵΪ˶˯̫˽ˣ
Īĳ嶯뽫ôҿһڸʲô뵽ǰǱݣвסǿҵĳ嶯
ѪµĻҲ΢΢һ㶡
˵˯ȴǸûһţֵŻ
ѷڳ˯ȥȻ˯ȥȴһΡ
һƬããĿռ䣬ΧȫǰɫããգҰ׵ĴأͻȻռУҲŵһ㶡
Ҳ٣Ȼһͨӵ˺䣬񲻷һƵ
Ҳ٣⻹𣿡п𣬼Ǹ˺Ӷɳ
Ǻųս֮˾Ȼţ㣬Ŀ֣޽ꪣͷнǡɼͭͷͷϳǣ޴罣ꪣʱʱţ㣬Ъۡ
а̾
ģս˵
һΣôôֵΣѰɣšһѴȣ۾ϣѹ
ףôǰĹ޻ڣ
ٴ۾ǸͷϳżǵģţĹȻŭĶԼ
ǹԽԽ̾һ䲻ңŭ䲻ı顣
ѵⲻΣôôеǸԻˣӵϵɽ˲ŷȻǸ
㾹ȻôССȫԺսļƷôͻ䵽һУǱǱսıǹŭ̾
ֻǰһ￴е죬ƺڤڤ֮ʶȴ˵һֱԼвŭˣ
ôõģţǹƵʵ
ʦҵġߵ
ʦǺηʥ
һԪڵӡʵش
ʶһҲûеļһڰʡţǹĺȻͬӰһȻȴܲκѹ
һشҲڰ׻شأ㵽˭ôƵķʵоһһأӦòͨ
ţǹ̾СӣҲ㣬ʵʵСĲһȻȣˣˣҲҵˡҲ޷ս񡪡ȣ޵֣ϧȴһǿ壬Ȼ壬ֻʣһ˿ڴ˺С
ʲôȣд󾪣ͬʱϲ


267 
Ȳǵе𣿴ûе˾ȻԼǰʷأȿǷǳ񣬳ΪսҲΪ
ѹҵһۿôϤԭǰ鱾Ͽۣ֪ͣˣҲģʮɣţǣ㣬źɫսףǰȾֻʣ»ӰȻǳˡ
ôˣѵʶңųս޲ʤսСɫô֪ң¶һŷݣЦ
ΰȴ񣬹ܹ̫ˣ˷ܵĺ
Сӵܻ˵ģϲƨƺָ˲٣СӣҸʹ÷У̸ҲҪķѲپ
Ƶ˹ԭղŹȻΣȴʵսʤ̵ĽķȴĿ
һԣʹʼڤпռ䣬ǣͻȻʼ⣬Ҳ΢һâ
ͻȻһ޷ƵĴֻôһͻȻһ磬һܱߵԭԼ˺洢ĿռС
Сӣˣܾˡսʤ˲ǰ
ԭȻʵڵģ˵ģսȡЦˣû뵽侹Ȼһ㴢ĹܣȻԻ˽룬Ϣȥ˶ƴɣ
ԺΣգǿԶжܣȵȴڴӺгЩôЦĸӲá
Сӣʲô֣սƺȤЦʵ

ͻȻһһ˫ͭ۾ƵĿҲѲɣҲǸ塣
ʱɻˣ˵ʲô
죬ָѪҺҾԼǱܣȼ
㾹ȻΪλҪѪѵͲֶܹ鵽𣿡Ƶ˵
Ҳû壬һֱ𣿿죬˵ȥʱǺˣҲ˺㣡Ƚ˵
ˣӣǼǵҪңٺЦѸٵĶָһ飬һѪ˿С
ʶ˶ıӣǵѪ˲֮УһʹĽȵ徹Ȼ׵ڻˣǵѪֵڵϡ
ȴû°ɣ΢ЦĽеʶһһҪùϵǱʲô˸ţƵľ磬ܹõ˵ָ㣬ɽ̻һЩ
Ҳ٣ģǸ塣㵽ǸλתѪҺȻô϶Ǹĸ֡ŭ־ϲŭ
Լǰ壬ڼҲ壬ȻΪԾȻȻģôһȳ죬һʵǿˣԸ⣬ԼԳ䣬ػɡ
֮ʱȵ帴ֳڿУȴգʵ㵽ĸת
סˣǵڶ˵ԼļһһȻ߲ʷˣҧԼ壬žͰˡ
ǣͬʱֵڶΣѵĻôɺϣοǰȿսһ߲ʷţNĴڡ
壿𾪵˵лǲţѵΪԼǵˣųĴˣԱ
ϻӿս嶼޷ʶĻɱˣСӣ֮ˣѪҺѾ֤һСӡǿһӡѪҺҲᷢ仯壬ȴǲʵȿ϶Ļش
壬ô㣬֪طɻʵڵϱΪս񣬿϶ӲѸϵ
ʲôҲ֪֪иطлĹ˺ųĴˣĪǻĹ˸ǻ۵Ĺâ
֪һϲ
˵ĴˣǸҵ˶ųĴˣѵǶ𣿡ʵ
ǱΪǲгİײˣﶼСΪ˵Ǹϵ˶壬ôܣҲΪǿԱκҲ޷֪˵ǵȥԶʱڣȷʵķ֮أôȥˣǨ㵽ңԶλ档ڣӦԶ磬ȥδ֪硣Ц
ŶôûоԼأȻɻ
ֻһܡǾǿתǸص壬ҪɳҪ·ǳ㱾ǿߣΪսˣòתҲпһԱΪѸٳɳؽ㶪֮Сһԭ壬תʡȷǳ϶˵
Цˣô˵ƺԼռ˱ˣԼȻǿתԺ񲻿ǳǿľ硣


268 
ȣʲôЧ΢Цʵ
䱾ΪǿôУԵְɣʹߵʵйϵʵԽǿֵĿռͻԽ࣬ЩռͬʵһԽ룬Դʵ˽롣ǺˣһֻҪʵǿҪ˭˭˭һ˵㣡
˵йâ˸ƺҲ䡣
ֵôһ£Ǳ𣿡ʵ
ȿЦҲ˵Ұܸ壬屻ڴˡһæϣʵǿܹҷųȥô
ǵÿˣٺ٣Ҫҿʵһ治ܹӦҪ밡ʵôҪļҪꡣ˵ʵôһɱˣǰ׵ˡ
аȵЦּţˣ׬ˣǿˡ
вңͻȻȻɫǳˬ
вô㲻ңƾʲôҪ㣬ң໥кβԣЦĺܼթǰȻǶս񣬿ΪԼҪ
ԶԸңˡҿѪˣȻУôҵˡȻˣҾӦֶζԸһҲǰȷ쭣ƾԼǺˣԿԳ
Сӣ㹻ŵģôһʵңƺŭˣȵ
ͷЦĴǰȣ˵ȣҼǺáʵԺʵȻˣӦҡڿǰţƣǵҵԸİ취ڵġڿʼҪˣҪʵгȥҺܼǳģɵüסˡ
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ѵǿתԼԾΪһָ䣬ǿĥԼԽԽ־塣
Ǹ壬֪ǰԼԭ׼ͷԼģȴΪԼһΣȻԼһֱڡ
ˣ鲻ԽĽеҲС
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૽гǶֺ̾ͺˣԼһս񣬾ȻһڵΪˣȥڣ
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仰˵ȵͻȻʧˣƺټ
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
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ϥ˹ѸٵĻָžԼĪһʱǰĵľڲȸղŵľǿ
ΣһҪݽڶؿռ鿴£׻ʲôľϲ
ˮĺһڿʶΪ״̬Ȼ˫ۣȫעȥ֪еĺ䡣
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ȥ
һŭ΢΢ĲţǿʶѸ͵ĳǵϰ䣬ԼƺҪըˣʶͬʵߵս
ֻһ֮ˣ
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ɴ۾һʱǰȻȫʧˣȻٴγֺȴǱ۾֪ڸ


269 
ѵܹͻȻ뵽ôôܹͻȻʧأѵѾ̽⵽˺ܲɣ
Ѫ棬鲻ϲһιʹƺڤڤ֮УԼΪĴ֣ţѪΪѾΪ֮ˡ
ѪһһֻůͻȻץסԼֻ֣֪пţ΢΢һúţĿԡ
ţƽŴ۾Ѫ£һ˿ĪЦ⣬Ѫ»ͷʱţͷ΢Цһ仰Ҳû˵ֻǸսѪµС֡
һȹվºǹһĨ΢ЦĶҸĵȴ³֡
Դʵʱɨ࣬ȴƺ޾죬ҲǺ⣬廯΢΢һЦһЦûԡ磬зζ
ѹôǻҲĹ֮ò΢ѷɫңǰʣȴɫ١а룬зһҪϴࡣ
ͻȻһƵХдХ˷ܣƺʲô˵顣
һ㶣ʶ̽ȥȻʧˡ
ôͻȻʧ
һ˿â޵ʶȥ̽Ȼ޷Ϣ
ѵķ˺ܣˣ˭Ҳ޷ӵк䣡̾
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ڽˣ
ЦȻȴ޷ˣΪǰǸȫµ磬ȻҲգĵ⡣
ҫɳ̲ϣεĺˮ˳˻ͣûźзŰɫĺ񣬺˷Žɫ̫â
̲һƬƬ֣дУԶȥһƬ̣вʱȵǣﾹȻƺûһͷޣޡ
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˷ܵһ߷ɵϵɳӣʶ̽ȥʶȻǿ˰ٱǧԲڵĶֲһоʶ֮̽С
ԭǺеڶռ䣬ǸԴ΢Ц˵
ϲ㣬Ȼôͽռ䣡ΣڻܹˣӵгԽʵǲ˵ģʹԶҲ޷ȥȵǸ޴Ĺͳǰ
ðɣҲһսȷʵûʵ㳼ţһܻᵽġڣʾһ£ռ䵽׶ʲôϲ˰ɣ
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ȵĻ˵ָӦķҲ
ǣռ䲻֪ڶˣʲôлռ䣬߰ٱʲôڵʵҲܹˡ
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֮Ҫã΢΢һЦȴ磬ʲôܣһһ˵ɣСһʱ䡣
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аһҪԼȥˡһôռ䣬ʱȲһȥһ죬Ѿȥ졣죬ȥ󣬻ֻᷢȥһʱ䡣ڶôװˣ˵װ⣬ռ㹻װһĺôھɣ˵ҲӰǰʧ
һ룬ҲʧںС
΢ЦĽ⿪󷨣Ц˳

磡
ʦ
ͷһ۱Լ΢Ц࣬߹ȥǣС֡
һ˿ʣֻǿסȻǲˬ
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Ϊ۸ۣ
ЦͻȻεţǿѹţ˲亹ֱð㵵ĳͣ˹ֿ
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ಣ
һȻѾţǰ


270 
һץסţ˲佫ţ֣ʶٴ̽Уһ΢ĺâָ˸ţͻȻǰһѾʧǰʵţʧˡ
ڳɹˣ˷ܵĴЦ˾סˣղŻץסţͻȻʧˣҲ̫ˡ
ֻлƺΪȻ¶һ˿صЦ⣬ռ似ֻҪԼҪǰ˶ᱻ˲ƽ֮
ţأ㽫Ūȥˣ΢Ц˵
࣬кٴ˸Ҳƾʧ
ʦʲôַǷ˼סˡ
ƺ˲񫣬һץס񣬡ͽܣҲȥɣ
ˣȻӵн˱ʧļܣѩ֩̾
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ԥ֮ʱͻȻȡͷϴñӣһѽҿߡ
Ҳ⻯ȻǸŮΪ֮һ㶣Żûգۡ
پµ޷޵ĳ̶ȣ۾Ļеǳ֪ʱԭĺɫͻȻ仯Ϊɫ
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
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271 
˵ĻƺڶߣһŷӣȻȴûһٴγ֡
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272 
΢΢һЦͻȻһţͷϣţһ㶣ʵԼȻĻᶼûС
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ˣϲӣ־ɬԼ֪ܡ
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273 

ܵд촽̲סģɫתˡ
ƺӼȤ˫ָԼ࣬һסֻͣ͵͵
ô̼ܲˣģȴ˿ûо
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һһ㣬ۣ΢΢üһסͣ˵
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˭ûȥȴŵϸһ룬Ů˸࣬ĸһġ
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274 
ЦСʵԼˣʵҲԼˣ츳õѪҲﵽ˻ڵʵû뵽Լһ˯Ȼ±仯׺ɣ
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275 
Ҫըˣ
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ҲŸ뿪ȻͷˣȵڿС
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һԪһŭȣоеĵ֮ȻʼۣģԽԽ࣬һȫµĵɡ
һһģƯڿУһХ֮âҫֳһˡ
ಣһâѾ˺ۣٶ֮죬쵽ֻѩ֩ǿˡ
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˯һΪҿԵɪһˣû뵽绹ô治ˣţ


276 
һЦ徭ˣ𹦷ٶȱǰ˼ʵǿﵽڶڵʵ
Ҫ֪˯Уһֱӣֻ˹ʱӵĻһѣȻڵʵԲܵѩ֩ʵ
ں˾ʮ죬˺úһʧںУǸµķ䣬ֻǣʱһİŮڴϡ
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ĳֵû˵ע⣬ϾֱӴӺгֵģ˭Ҳ벻ͻȻС
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286 
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287 
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켸ͬʱɫ䣬ɣǿеǿߣʮʵ֮ǿҲԪӤڵĸܹ֡ΪʦȻĻԵ
񹲷ֶֻ֣¼ݵܹǰһҲٵԪӤڵʵɣܹʮ˵ɵʵǿ
ȴ֪ǺˣȭЦǸһɢޣɹˣʱ˭Ϊʦ
ʲôȻܾԼ֪жӵҪԼΪʦԼܾˣȻҲᱻ˾ܾɽ챻𾪣һľƱԼĸãȻܾʦ
ԭǾǰղŶе֮ǰԭ£̱ȭ˵ԼûƨֻɶشӹǧɣԾɵʵǲһʱᱻš
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д󾪣ողŰȣû뵽ȴɾ쵽ˣٴηϢ
Ų³˾ɵݣʵǳǿ󣬵ȴΪʦϾԼѾʦ
㵱治ԸΪʦɻǲģٴγʵ
֣ȻɢޣͿӦɣǰǰеĸ֣ɫȰ
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ȻһЦ׼ܾȴɵĻϣȲҪŻش𣬶࿼Ǽɣ
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ǰܹµʲô𣿡Ц
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ⲻϻ𣿡а
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΢΢һЦСӣԺˡǸģʲôϷҲʲô
Цĵͷ
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䣡ôڵСֱӱһȭ˵ϣڵѪȻѾˡ
ޣүүǻʯλãøˣ룡һ󺺴һţҪɱǸС


288 
ɫ̱ˣˣƺ̫ݶˣҪʵģαسֳִȵŹϽķΧοоһ𣬸þ˭
죬ԼŰ죬͵Ϸ򲻴ڣϷǲֹǵЩµġҡͷЦˡ
ǿջܹõľߣרŷߵĿջ֮һܹܾ¼ȵģһͨɢ޻Ǯ
ǿջһ٣ٵúķʯĲȺһ㣬߹ƣ¼۸
ŭ׼ʱǸСͻȻŴӵֵ˵үˣڰžЩģأƽϡ
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˴ŭоȻ˲ӣʵ̫ˡ
һȥͻȻǿҵɱɱһתţȫıˣЩ˱ɱ֮
ιĿһŭĿƣһȻŹͷӣһ״䵶һǸֵĺӣһۣзŨŨɱ⡣мһ˾ȻǸŮӣΪޣʱһִһӹ
˸·ҪˣҪǸ¾ֱɱǡŮ˵
ٴһ˵ȴҲǣֻǷǳƣƶȴﵽٷ֮ʮ
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ߣǺɣΪˣ
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꣡Ůӻ˵꣬ʵ̲סˣûԷ϶һ׷
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һȻŮɽҰǽɽҰ˶ûʲôϾִᣬĺḻ
һɽҰ
ЦôԼ
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ĺˣģĳЩһͬģڸպˣһѰЦˣתߡ
ŲԶһںȾƣֱ˹ȥҲǶѿɫһƨ
ȻĿȥ˼ĻȴûȻҡҡͷ
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ಣ
һƿƷę́ƳУǶСˣλøңƿƾǵˡ
ę́һھϱ˶˵ע⣬ֻƿӣǷֻǻûͷӦƷę́ʧ
̫˷ˣһλöѣϷ߶ˣƿƾϷˣΣɵǶߣȡһƷʯ
һƷʯ̴ϲһƷʯԻȡһٿƷʯڴһ٣ҲƷʯ
ƷʯһƷʯԼõ֮ʯҪӭ˵ļֵ


289 
˿Ը⣿Ц
Ը⣬Ը⣬ǰ̫ˡ
Ƶ໥žϲ񣬽ƷʯսУϲص뿪¥
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˫˷ܵƷһСڣüëˣֳϲ֮ɫĴָ
ңę́ƿɲƵģл޼ۡأǰҪʲôõıҵǿ㽻ЦʱһɽҰ
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ףľƣɽҰע⵽֮ƣű˵
Ҫ˵ǼƷę́Ǿ˫֮ƣζһĺáЦʱִ˵ĴѾԼǸȴҲ׷
ҲɻΪβͬѵ᲻ǼƷę́ƣ϶ԭ
ӣҰǾƣζ㣬֪ɷһֻҪۣʯԡɽҰž죬ֻÿڸ볢һǼƷę́ơ
˵ȥЦ
ˣȴװ֪磬¥Ŀ˶㶵һ
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ȡһƿę́ԹԵǳ壬Цһƿƣֵټأ
ֵܣƣҳһٿʯһͻȻ˵
ǰʯô۵ģʵȻ˶Ժ֪ǲͲҲ˼ʲô
һͨʯͬһƷʯһͨʯͬһ߼ʯڼƷʯֵʮмʯų޼ۡЦ
ãҾһƿһٿʯֻۣһƿ۸ߵãɽҰę́ơ
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ҲеǽСͰƿƷȻֻ˼ˡ
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ϣƿƯ֪ζΣһļ߷׷Ƶ˵
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ٺ٣һСƣ뵽Լмƿę́ƣǼֵڵʯвɰˬ
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ʦ㲻Ҫȥę́ȥͷŭҧгݵ˵
죡ӵѣ˼飿ɽҰ
ͷ󺺵ͷһԼʦ㣬ҴˣҸôӣԲҲǹ˵ģֻΪʦę́ơ
ԲУװͬ飬Ȼƭę́ƣ֮ԱǣԽˣԽǲ˳ۣԭʵҲûģǳϵձˡ
ϱˣձ߶ԿҲΪ˹ңҲΪˣлᴩԽ
ǸɶҰģ㲻Ҫүę́ô𰡣Ҫһƿ𣿡ôãҲùˣĵĶɽҰһЦ
쵰ɽҰĶʦȻĳ֮⣬γУȻ𾴵Ұʦ㣬Ȼŭ
һɽҰû赲λʦܵжϾοǶԷģΪʲôԣҵʱƺʱ⿴ңѵѵˣ
뵽ɽҰĻŭţԷȻʵֻڵΪǳӢԺݵԼʯȹ£ǿ쿴˧硣
ɽҰŭЦ˸ΪPOSSλӣΪҪѿأ
˵Ϊθҷҵʦ㣬ģĻˡͷΪɶֻڵʵȻη壬޲̳ȥɱ


290 
»Ϣŭһӡ쵱վסˣ΢ЦȰȴ룬ôˣôר˹ȥ
ϹЦ˵ҹΪ㣬㱾ę́ơ
ֱֵܸӣҶ£ల¡Ц
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ͻȻóһƿę́ƣЦһƿһƷɣ
첻ɿЦ˶˵Ĳ磬һڴȻΪ˱ȽϺˬȴ֮С
лλӣɽҰĵһۣƺ˵㿴Ҳľƣá
תͷһЦ⣺֣ę́͸ˣڱҵģ㲻ɣʵǵѣҪΪһЩСԣֿƲһͬę́ƣա
һ۲գĶ΢΢ЦţǰӳʵӢЩаֹһεԼȥ
ͬˣֻ֮ɫĶ࣬ҲҶԽзԽúõĽס
΢΢һЦˣͻȻ˵أȻǸˬ֮ˣȰɣǺһڣұǼ˴Ӵ˶
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ҰɱѽںЦǾֻͷƷƣƺš
дɽҰŭ壬ɱ죬ˣ̲סˡ
ɽҰķɽ͵ĳȥҪɱ֪ߵغרԼԵСӡ
ûһۣȻԹԵĺȾơ
ˣһɽҰķɽ˻ȥ֮Ұɡ
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˽ԻȻȻвɱˣֻҪǻȪ֮ս֮սǱеģǰ˫ͬ⣬֤£˫һݡ
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ЦôãҪľЧ˱ףɱǣΪʲôΪǳһ͸˵塣
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ɽҰȻǳŭȴɵߵĹͬȼΪһߣʵ޷̽顣
ɽҰʵǿҲֻڶʵʮֿɣʲôعⷽûԼ̽
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ֲҪ׽սȪ֮սίʵ̫գӻؿǣһֱĬͻȻ˵һ˫ĿоȻ¶֮ɫ
ǲսɣЦ
ظ˵ȴסˣʵͿǻΪɽҰڹҲ˿·ɣ
Ǻǣлλĺ⣬أܹ̫ʾˣ˼ҶԼȪ֮սв֮أȭЦﷺŨŨɱ⡣
ӽɽľԼȪ֮սΪ֤еľͱŽսɣɽľƺԶ
ɽҰһ˿Ц治Ϊ˲֪ȻһֱԼˡ


291 
סүսүˡ
ھ¥еطС鵽ԺлȪ֮ս˷׷¥¥вٿҲ׷
ĺԺУɽľսԶԶվʮ֮⡣
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Ҫɱ㣬Ϊʦ㲻ĳͷɽľһȡձʿ䵶䵶ŨŨ⡣
ɽľһ磬һ֮ڽֵϣ˶Ϊĳ֮ˡ
ԽԽɢŨŨĺ⣬ɣ˭ɱ˭˵㡣

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ȴǸֶͷ˷ǵǿգƺûɽľһС
쵰ɽľŭ죬쵽ѾĲӴ
ಣ
ͻȻζˣһȦȦӰɽľɽľ֪ںηڳֱС
ʲôʵɽҰͻȻסˣȻԼԤȻʵɽľɡ
Ȫ֮սֳ֮ǰ˾Բܹ棬ɽҰֻܹЦɱŨңɽľҲֻܹװˡ
ɱ˷ɽľĶС
㱰ɣȻʵǺúɽľҲɵӣʵӹһ˿־塣
㲻ɱңɱˡЦɽľ̽ŵһȦâס
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ľɽҰһʹ޵ڿʼɽ¼彫㲻ݡ
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ڳɱң⣬졣
ҰС㲻Ҫ嶯ֻȪ֮ս˫ûɹʶ£óȻ֣뱾ԡһһٵ˵΢Цĵǰ
ǶһģʦȻû˵ЩһġɽҰͻȻȻĻȴһ
˽ȻɽҰݺݵʦܣȻɣӦ
ǸֵתߣȻȴһȻ䳯ǰɱȥ
ס֣ɽҰ󾪣̹ȻٶȣҪɱڵİ꣬ȫɱ

һҽУɽҰʦѾɱ
ͬ۾һסɽҰĹһɽҰʮɡ
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Ŀɱˣ뵽ɽҰвΪһ¥ͶԼϲԼɱԼ
ӣ㿴㶼ûзȪ֮ɱʦܣҪγͷɽҰŭ
ɫһ㶣ôߵ棬ȻԼƫ̻֮ģȴֱ˵
֪ΪʲôɽҰԽǷŭзԽˬ죬һָĿС
Ҫˣֻǳ񵺹֮ˣΣԣǸϱɱ鵺޵֡磬ȻҲ顣
֮ɱɽҰǸʦܣȻͨ籨ţǲ׼ɱ˵ĹأǸͲںоԼԱߣαصš
ѵžƫ̻ĳˣѵҵֵܾ˲ɣ죬ҪǲܣͳײҪܣҪΪȥĶλʦܱ𡣡
ɽҰŭ죬ǿ֮£ɫķͻȻѿһͷڷ˲ɢ˫ͨ죬бһĳޡ
ΪѣԼܣǾĹϵɷͬһ㣬ԼҪɿ϶ó֣Ҫˣֻ֮²Զˡ
λǳǸ֮ڴˣųԴ˴սĹϽ֣ҰС㣬ǵĳֻҪǨŭˣԾڴ˵ؽΪ֤ǵŲٸ𡣡챧ȭ˵
֣¶֮ɫľҲԵͷһ漰ϵȷʵѡǡ
ɽҰڳ֮ˣΪжиŭӦܣ׼ɱԱʦ֮
Ұүɲ顣ЦɽҰƺѾ⣬Ҳ˵͵һ


292 
ȻҲη壬ٽӭϣΪڳԵʣûʹǿһԪʹͨĽС
⺢ӣţǰΪʦѧҵľɽʵٿ̾ϢΪͽ뷨ԽԽǿ
ɽҰʹ˶ŽȻԼôܹҳԽŭʱҰһĺ
ԷԼһߣʹýȻԵúҰĽۣҪؼϼ⽣ģ
ɽҰ½ݣҲ˲֣ʹܾ˵Ĵ򷨣ĿֻΪش
ҰаȵһЦಣһɽҰӡ
ɽҰкΣʵϲԷһأϸԷȴǲ
ԼĪƬ̹ëûһȻɽҰϵ·ȴѾãرӣѾɲˣĸ첲¶˳
ɽҰȻռϷ磬ǻ˿ƴϡ
ӹɽҰɫϣнһ̽ɽҰƵæҡ
ãɽҰзɽĽѾӰеĴԼš
ɽҰδʱͻȻһɣȻĽУΪء

ɽҰ뻤סȻĽϮ
ɵһЦбųһĹâʱ˿̣ɽҰûںҴ򶷣һ£ɵĿһ±ȥ
ԽԽҪҪӣɽҰȻѡҪҪӡ
ǺӵҲˣϧȻֻһӣ澹Ȼġ
Ҫɱ㣡ɽҰĽƵæңһʱ֪֮ӵˣȴϾȥ뵽Լûڿ㣬ʱǺ
Χ߷ıЦвſˮ
Բƨƨʱ۲ķһһģرǰά˹𣬸Ũܵɭ֣ΧߺЦ
汰ɣɽҰֱҪˣڳ˵ĻᣬѸٵһֳֻȥ

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ҪΪʲô㣬Ǿ͹㳤ĲҾ֮񡣡Ȼ˵ͣ˹ơ
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ڣı죬Ե֮ͻȻ뵽仰ɫ˵
·ɣֲզأŰۡûɽҰ˵
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δִָѾһŻȵģĴ¶ϸָͦĹȴѾˮȡ
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Ŵ˵Ķȴͬһ㣬ֻƤԽԽ̣Żգȴŭ˵ĸо

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298 
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ãҪǱɱˣϷûˡǶСӿɱŸֲ֣ϷҲڼįģãϷȲǡɵĻԣ˲֣ԼҲ֡
ߺ粻Ҳû뵽һʱ䣬ԼĶʦþ͸˹ϵһֻһűȥˡ
ŵĹأŮѡˣɣѵԣҶҲòҪ㡣ο㲻֪ݣ֪ˣеĺˡҡͷ̾
˭ʲô飬ֲҹġа롣
ʲô˵װɣʲôݣЦʵ
ɫͻȻǵŵŮҲŵһֵŮ𲻴Ƕǳʲô飬ܹ𣿡
Ȼ𾪣ֹԼʲô飬ЦݣҲùܡǲŵģǵ£мȥѰɣ룬ҵ뿪ˡ
ߣ㲻ҪΪɾɽ޵еĴڡүүҲǰеĸֻ֣Ǻڽ߶ˣĸ֣ûлܣǾҲӻ㡣ΪѣȰϽţȻѰȥҲܹȵһ˵ʱƽɢ
ЦвԼûõģֻΪһԼһŮǳ»ǳŻû֪ϢʱϿʮΪϼưɣ
죬ô˵飬޷ıġϿѰǰɣҪңҲԲ־ܡοǰڴˣҲòҡԣҿ϶ҪߣҪǾͷɣ
ɽĿ⽥ˣƽɢ
ʦ֣ỽһҲ˷ɽôԲܹƾ뿪ʦ롣
ȴƺסˣӢݣֱĸоͻȻԽԽǿңԼȴᣬƺʲôԼΪǰˣԼԺԥԼ
쿴һĿŨŨΪ֮һͣپëȻ
ϲ㣬֮ͬĸ顣Ůģһ㡣ֻˣԣҲ䰮㣬Ŀ㱻࣬ռСͻȻ˵
ǰɣѵǸGAYͬ
סˣ˵ĻȴԽȻˮİ㣬֪㲻ᰮңⱲֵֻܹܡ߰ɣߵԽԶԽãǧҪٻһ飬еܹһһ죬ܹһһ꣬ϣܹӵԶһ㡣߰ɣһûı֮ǰ
ʦ֣ôˣǿɶ˰ðɣ˵ߣҲͬɽֻвһݵʦôᰮһˡ
ëȻĴ߹гˣŸʶˣȻ˰ԼлиˣòԼƷǿı̬˰ɣ
ǧɵգһ·ŶȥԼĪһͻȻ֣һɫӰԼǰ
ԶԭǾɣֻģŹģʱվƶˣ͵Ц
Сӣ̫ƻˣȻһ˿ˣҲ˵˵ӡǣٺ٣ϷѾһˣӲϷĵġɺٺЦ
Ƴһ۾ɣô츳ߣαһҪΪͽʵҪĵӣҵѡԽܸ㡣
ҪҪ㣬ϷûȤʮ㵽˻ڵΪϷеǱɲڵʵҡͷЦ϶㲻ı䡣
Ҹķհ˵ĸ֣˭ΪʦϧԼѾ˶ʦһҵʦڶʵǿʦﻹݵµʦĴڡɲӦɣ֪ǻԼϳʦš
ЦһǰȥͻȻһɴϮԼȻҲ޷ƶֺͬ˿һͷһȴǾ֣˿ЦеԼ
øҸϷҪΪͽǴӦһкð졣ǲӦϷ͵ǿˣʱĨȥļ䣬߸ɴɱ㡣ϷòҲõԸ첻µزµģⱲӣԼ޷Ϊͽ
һҪǿĨȥԼļɱԼǲˣ¶һĨõЦ⣺ǰǧ嶯ܾ㣬ʵѾжʦˣĵӣֻ¶λʦԸ⡣
ʲôѾжʦˣ˭ĸҺϷӣʦʲô֣˵Ϸû˵˵


299 
һʦģڶʦӣʦԸҾûʲôˡ֮¶һ˿Ƥ˵Ѿһ⡣
ɺεҲƺĻЦСӣʦţϷûҲʲôˣǵƣСҵǣȻɱǣʱҿٴʲô⡣
װ־ɫȴ͵Ц˵ģʵԼĵ񣬵ӣʵӦþԲɲԼҪγǣʱУ֪Ҫʱ䣬ƭȥ˲֮»Լµʱ䡣ߣӱһˣԼٺţȥǾӮˣԼҲһѡĻᣬգ
ǰҿɣ֮ǰĶʦҾĵӡˣԺͱңôЦеթ
ٺ٣ҲЦˣڶԼǿʵţˣʲôֶΣʱȥĶʦҲ͹ԹԳԼĵӣЦһΪǧ𷴻Ŷ
ȻڣҵƷһܺã
ԷɻɻΪģ˿Цǰ鷳һѳ򣬶ԽԽԼĵӡ
ԹҴ˴ҪȥҶλʦסݿݶγǡҲһǰʹ˲֮ɣܶࡣȻ˵жԷɲֵܹ̫
ţٶȷʵ̫ˣ˲ʮǺãָ·Ҵ˲ƺˣ㵽γǣͽܡ˫ִһâסȻ˳˵ķ˲ơ
󣬾˲٣Цȥ֮кϼϢһ£Σ
ȿȣǰ˲֮ʦòƲĲһ㰡ʦԴ˲Ƽ¡ҪȾƣһ߸·һߺȾ£˵ʵҲ뿴ɵкͣ˲ƶá
вĶʦΪ𾪣˲Ƽ£ǵҪǿʵȻ֪пĳɷ֣ǾɻǾ˲ȥϾԲܹĶʦ
ھɵ˲£ѾʼĿڸ߿Գ㣬츳ٶȿþɶɴ۾Ľô졣
¹ȥˣɺ;˼߼ʯ򣬵˲£ﰾ
СӣˣѾγˡɴӸ߿б·ǽдγ֡
Ѿ붨״̬ûбɵĻѣȻϥӿ롣
СӣʲôôôţٶȣľܹܵϡֹҲȻԼ˲ʱչڿòƻȻΪڿ̫ΣգҪ붨ȶɽҪʮ
֪СӺʱϷư
ʼγĵط䣬ϽߣγǵѾֲˣȻÿνߣܻ漰пɱ
ϼϿճߣһϽ
ԣžһ豭Ȼˤڵϣ̵ĲˮϼҼŵĲᣬ֪ôˣÿһ£ϼҵĵ̽䡣
䵽һֵϣʱʮӰѸٵĳǰΪ׵ϼμϼһμѾԸλͣһϼҵĳϣչ¡
žԼŰ׹⣬˵γϼҼӭǰݹ٣ʲôҪԸģϼһǰ
ϼϷ׷׹֣ȴûһ˸˵ͷҿɡ
üë΢΢һ壬γǵҲСû뵽ȴЩˣʲôϼҼʵҲ̫˰ɣ
ţ׼һɾķ䣬ͽҪչɷԸ
ϣ죬Ͻõķǰ˵
ͽ䣬ſ½ƣֹ߳˷䡣ϼҼ룬ҲûѣƷһγǵƣζҲþá
ͬžɣټĿͬϯ
ž˫һģʮ޵Ůӻ˽
࣬⼸赸ЩŮӽò赸Ů·һ±㽫ɵסˡ
γǵСܲϼҼⷽ˲ٹ򡣡ɺٺЦ
ǰϲͺãԸΪǰṩõķ񡣡
ЦЩٴιƣǼŮӿ룬⼸Ů۴Ŵ磬ʣ̨ϵŮӸ
ŮӣһЦɣѡãεŮѾҵھߣֱϼߡ
кþƺȣ֣赸Ůߣɻ汻ϼҼֶŪһЦݸʢĽŮӵС


300 
俴ȥҲʮңԸ⣬ŪɶʮҲʲô£ʮ͡
ˣҾƣͰҼвˣ
ӵұ£Цĺܿģһӣȫܣ̸ɵĳƺţɱһŵʱֵˡ
֪ǰǺɸˣǰγкιأЦ˵
Ϸʲôɣǻûʸ֪ЦһɣߵĴɣֻǿЩֻͨˣɲû𷣡
ǰˡСֻϰˣ֪ǰļɻ䣡ֵĵǸ
ϷȷʵΪһ˶֪˵һС𣿡Цʵ
ʲôȴ龪ޱȡ
Ƕħߣ֪׵˶ߣȻȫѰϢпЦǰϼҳֹԺܶ߶ϲϼҴϢ
ǰγǿνǼǵȻֻǣڲγǣǰѾмʮǰʹˡЦ
ôţʲôһˣҽһ΢ЦʵĹȥΪ档
кޱȣԼʲô찡Ҳ֪ʲô·Լ˵ʲôСɾˣнţһĽ⣬ʱžɵķӦ
Сɽʿׯ˵Ϳʼϰ䣬츳ѣׯһΪͽܣʮΪܴׯеһΪׯĵһʮ꿪ʼ뿪ׯնɱŵ֮˧γǰ˴ɵĳ𡭡
ķ˼ʱûܹĹ½꣬ǾȴѾĴˣԭĹȥôţ棬ǰԵͣϷûˣȻֻʮꡣ
ֱǰʱʧɵĶԹԹ˳ȻֻҲⲻһЩ֮ʣһЩǸ˵Ĵۺϳġ
֮γǵľһ˵ֱڣвĴ̽Ϣνǳڶࡣ
Сӣŵġ㽲ô࣬ϷáϷһҪΪͽɿЦȥıޱ⡣
ǣ仰˵ϼȴǴסˣǰû˵ɣҪΪͽܣӣ˵
ôˣѵˣֵΪֻߣΪϷûʸΪͽɷʵ
ǰ²˼ֻٵʵ̫࣬ǰһˣСΪֻǰһܶɶѰ١æ͵
ߣʵֵγǼȮѵϷͲܹ㽫Ϣųȥ˭鷳ϷϷγǴɱˡɺں˵ǿİϼͬһ㣬Ӷˡ
ٺ٣һϢϷһ𷵻γǵģǸڷչصľͻȻ˵
ϼԲӵˤţֵ˵ǰûЦǸ٣
ƭЩСɫɹЦԼݸǿγǵǿߡ
ֻڵٶȱǰٿʮϣԼΪһ壬ԴԴӿڣʵٵš
Ϊ˴ﵽЧѹڵڲѹƲ˶ʱżӿһԪٶȣڵĴ׷ת뵤֮
֮£ͻȻֵ֮Ȼһɫ㣬ͬСŽɫĹâΧ׷׸棬֮ɫС㾹ȻԽԽ𽥵ĴָͷС
ҿⲻǴ˵еĽᵤ𣿹пϲһԪյĹת뵤֮
ʱȥˣ֮ĽѾȭͷСˣڵѾŽ߰˰ˣʣµ򻺻徭֮С
ǰɣᵤڵʵһԪأᵤڣҲнڣᵤڵ硣ڲȻϲ
¡
ǿıըֱӴ͸ݶһ۱Ϥγǣһϼĵ֮ڡ
û뵽ʦ˵һ꣬û뵽Ҽʹﵽ˽ڵʵҲ˵ͨһԪڵĿ飬ʽΪһԪڵĵˡ
пϲһԪںųƾݵһɣ˵һԪһҲģǼٻ
ţ꣬ҵʵһᳬ㡣Ϊҵ츳ױȣսҲĽҵ츳ɴһ·۷壡һ죬Ҫھ֮⣬
˵γǣһױȵİɢ
ڷ䷢ըʱѾϼ֮ˣɫԾ֮ɫãˡ
վݶϣױȵİɢѾв߳嶯ĹĤˣ߿ʱ˵


301 
ϵ£ΨҶ𣡡ͻȻۺδɢʵİɢȥ仰Ҳ֪ôʹӿк˳Ȩһַйɣ
ʵһô࣬е緢γЩڵصߣоȻһĸо
ϵ£ΨҶ𣡡Щ߷׷鲻ԽĹڵأиĿںź
ϵ£ΨҶ𣡡
ԽԽ˷ĺ仰Щߵĺһ㡣
ʱ֮ǰ˸ı仯ʵȽΪʱ֮ǰʤһͬħһȻݶϡ
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ȻףСӵʵô˽ڣ
ͨһȻĴӿˤȥ
һ̴˹ڵأҲĺĿںš
һЦþõĻصڿУݶ΢Цžɡ
ɵɴ۾˵ţ̬ţʵȻô죡ܹﵽʮ꣬飡
ϼҼμ٣ֵ˵ԼѹǾҪǿ
ЦôϼҼֻôãպҶˣȥ׼ϺõľƲˡ
ǣ٣Ʋ˸ղѾ׷׼ˣ˵γʱ̷Ըõĳʦ׼͡
ԽԽϲøϽΪͽȻʵ쳬ԼˣĵӣռΪµӣ¾ɻһӡ
ʲôʱȥʦҵȲҪΪͽˡ˷ܵЦ
Ӷ˾Ͳʲô飬µҳԱ˵ɣƺˣ΢Ц˵ȻǾʦȨȻС
ߣԷ˷ѣƵ߶
һͬǰȥ߷׷ɢȥһϢѸٵγǴħˡ
ʲôϼҼǲ̫Ϸˣò͵ųϷ߶ˣɣˣγԷĵص൱ͬڹòͣΧ̻Իͣ;ҲȫƵġ
ǸŮӳʮƵŮӳƷȻȥֻжŮԼߣվʮɫŮ
ǰˡΪ٣˲ϼרΪ޽ģԲŻεЦ϶һ۵˭ҲǧһΣϼңдܣϼҵûһ
ɣ̫ʧˣƾ뵱ҵʦ޼ɵ˵ΪҲǸˬˣ޶ٹء
ãţҵʦˣһúýѵǵģѵô̳˲سĵӡв
ϼҼһ仰Ҳ˵û뵽оɵļһҲɫҲҵ٩ȴܲô࣬һΪ¡
ҸһɫŮŮĸݿΣͨߵУϹɫ㣬ʱǿɾͲ˺Զˡ
٣ãʲôԸһ㡣ǸʮŮӣҲȫǴŮٿˣǣؾЦ
ǳ鴤һ£ͷ̱ſӳʳʵΪߣ㼸겻κζҲ
ԷһܣԲʱ䲻ԷͻԷ
һˣ˼ǿһ˶ӣһʱʮ̴ˣ¶ŨŨЦ⡣
СӣͶ̥İɣô࣬³һֱںȾƣ˺ȥѰʦ
뾡ԷΪ˻ţһܡ㣬˾һͰȻѵҡ༥
ϿȥʦϷȲһҲıӣļ˵
ͻȻ¶һ⣬ڻУģЩߵ겻ɢô͸ˣҵҪ˭ǰѰ
ϼҼ˻ĿЦ߳ˣϼֻӭһѡ
˭鷳أţţɽţЦѸٵĽʵصһʵ
ʱͻȻһɤң
Ҳ˭ôţӸջγǣ̾Ѱˡ˵ӻûǱھȻѰˡϾЦ⣬λγǣĿľŵģһ첻ţǵ¹һĻӿͷӰľ
Ҫɱ㣡
ͻȻּϸŮһ㣬ֻŭ졣
ʱʱŮĪǸɽļƷգһëȻǼһֱǱ̬Լ޳ԹΪôŵԼɣ
֪γǣ־һһսҪηηĶܣϼϿա


302 
֪ˣǸʵǿķǰÿ죬ϼҴٵϢҪСģǸտȥѵ
Ҳ٣ģǸ۸ʵǰôЦл벻ףԼղ޳ޣΪҪԼ鷳
ҡҡͷΪǸ˸еı½ھȻصֻһʵǸʵͣ϶ñɱ
ûĹӹվڿŭЩȫŴˣȻ˸ħйġ
Ҳ٣
Ȼվ͵һȭڼ̵ϣӷ¡һȭͷѾĻΪηۣӳȥӷҵıըͬʱľм
ľΪľмΧŵȴûյκ˺һİվȻѾ¯࣬ӻΪƬʱ꾹Ȼ˿𣬷׷׵ڵϡ
ŵ˫ȷһ仰Ҳ˵кݺݵǸµļһԼҪƲƣӿɲˣ涼Ƕߣֺ¡
һԲĳȥߵԺУѾվڿӵķա
շһѸٵĽԺУ˫ŭŤˣԵ÷ǳ
գûǴղûнĹ㵱ô𣿡ƽ˵ǿҵɱӿʶɢȥձչֳʵʵΪһжʵ
ǷʱܲĶ֣ղŽˣʵȷջҪߣȻǷȴȫȻ֪
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֪ҷŭĿ𣿡еģ¶һ˿Ц
һĨаȵĻȣ֮â˸գҲġΪʲôŭҲֻ֪˵˲˵Ļ
ɱңƾ㣿ûɣ
շЦ۱΢紵һʵʵҲԲᳬڵΪԼǽڵΪһֱ֪ɣ
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˭ЦʲôЦҹЦ
յűˣȻҵɣȴ˵ֻͻȻʧ
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ס¶ɫϵķŭΪŨŨĿ־壬ֺÿ졣쵽ԼͷӦձ㰤һơ
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ÿٶȣаޣɵʵǲʦ֮££вΪӵ
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ֳŨŨɱ⣬վȻһԼĻ
գİɣ֣ұ֤ˣҪˣʲôԾ͸Ͽɣ򣬵ǻĪֶƮףյͬһ㡣
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һԴԼѺ󣬻ǶԼŮӣƺѾôˣæʵʲôʱ
ͻȻҵĶ۾ӢɲǼ俪ʼŤһεķŭֳҧгݵĶȻңôõһŮӣȴϧΪʲôҪģΪʲô


303 
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ǲе㲻ˡʲô˲ģƨ£ˣԼ뻯֮طƨ£ֵĵѵԼ
ӶƺҪɳˣŭû뵽ȻһĵˣôãȻκεĹģ㻹һ𣿡
Ļ̲סЦԵľǳԱˣ£Ȼ˵Լˣˣ
˵ʲôһ˵ɣװסЦԼʦ㣬ԱԼ߳ܶ࣬ע⣬ǸܵóѣԼ赣ĻİΣ
ΪʲôҶһƬ飬ȴֻһˣΪʲô˰㣬ȴȻΪʲôŭ˫Ȼҧ˿˿Ѫ
Ϊ糤˧£ҪϲԼȥ׷ûҡʵ˵ûʸѵңȻˣǾͷһ
Ӣ¶һĨаȵǳЦյ˼ԣ˻ϲȴϲԼȻǰԼ鷳
СӣۣôϷ㡣ɹЦ
տЦҡҡͷֻôʱĿӵлŮӵİ鼱֮£˼Ůԭ㣬ѵһٺúȥϧڿõİģһɱ㣬ģҲһֱֱ㡣
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ܲˣŭһӿɢϼҼŵˣֻȻվԭء
ԭʵЦҲΪ֮ɢ񱩵Ʊյֻǿ
⣬ϷԶһ㣬ӰǵսһѾ˲Ƶɵĸ߿֮С
ռǾˣһɣɸоǿʱȻסˣȻԼһҲǽڵơ
⣬ôܣǰڵߣ̶̼꣬츳ѣܹﵽʵѾǼˣôͻȻﵽڵʵղţʵ㻻κˣҲڴﵽ˽ڵʵ
ôˣˣЦɱԽԽŨܹڵĸսȻ̫ż෴ɢ𵤳ڵơ
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ҾԲẦ£˵Ҫѵ㣬һҧгݵ˵ԺиֳӰԽᶨݺݵĽѵ
ǺðɣȽѵһ˵ɣ
аȵһЦȻգһֱա
ಣմﵽڵʵҲǸǵģһҲԾգͳһȣסĽ
պÿһ֣عһԪǡа룬һнͻȻǣһһĹա
ѵǴ˵еĽޣյֵкд󾪡
һߣΪڵɽܹͨͬȼҪǿϺܶ࣬һͬ޿ԶԸͬߣԲǴš
ҲǰԾȣԼֻʹ˽𵤳ڵʵȻȴԼţǷÿֵһжɣԵΪ
һԪȻ˵ãа룬ٶȣ˵մ򶷣˵
ޱȣʹȫԵֵһÿζҪɣǷԸˣֻǲ˵Ļһˡ
ҲĶ֣Ϊʲô
˫һƬͨ죬ȫעĵֵĽһЦ⣬ƺˣһ㣬ûʹȫ
㲻ҪѵмЦ
մһϣҲѡܣӲĽ
ߣѵɣ
һЦȫû뵽ֻʹһʵԶԸգһǴ´࣬һɳâա
ɱ
ڿŭе˲չһҫ۵âƾշŴߣɢһν
ڿײһ𣬷Ȼıըͬ˺һ㣬֯һ𣬼գ֮䣬ĽȻȵĽնϣֱա
Ľ
β˷ٴηһȻûܹסǵ
λӶȣŻǵȻ֮ȫյһ촫嵯ʮ֮ԶӿһѪȻһˡ
ʲôϷľɽҲѷɫѵʦҲˣǸû˵ģ֡


304 
ϵЦ⽩ˣû뵽ĹԼ֮ͬȻڽɡ
ͻȻߴվڿУһεİɢҲ𽥵γһ㲨ơ
СʵȻֻǽ𵤶ɢֻȻȴǷͬСɣȻܹӰ쵽ҵľɰԵͷǱ߿˼֡
ҸܵİǷܸΪǿңϴƣΪ޹أһɢƣȻԼеս⣬ȫȫѹơ
Ϊ˻ƴˡ
ŭٴγϣʹȻâ
ʽ䣬ֻһԹΪأΪ£ƣ
ͻȻľٴһԪ˲٣һԪעƣơ
߻ߣʹýͱҪһ֣ҵǧľѹˣȻȻȡ׾٣
һЦü΢΢ͻȻɽӣ
Ļӳһһƻʵ򼫿죬϶µ֮ǿǷҰҰס
վĲֵһιƣʱһо߽⡣
һôô
εĻס壬ǿĽϣ֮Ƿȫػ廹ߵķݳԶȥ
һڿѪտЦѣȾȻһЩѷ죬ٴһ㣬ֻº롣
һûܹڿסΣӲǷɳԶȻݶϣŵС
ǲЦƹǰĵȴռ֡
˵սγȻвĿã˵˵е˽ĳΪγ˵뽾

շŭĳգȻѾͷ棬ǻðѪֻǷŭֺ׺ݵĶͻȻҧû뵽ʵˣԶǱʵǷ
˵꣬һһиֳһɫķӡӡһӣѸٵķŴֱɷԲС
Χ߳ͣ˵ôһȻСɽһ㣬ӵҲѹˣܹӦЩвɽ
зӡǳһ˿ĵЦ⡣
ûмƷӡĴ˵
зӡķ࣬ðƻɣϧҪƴȻ÷㵽ףǲ֪Ҳƴ
ٺһЦâһȻС
壿ʧеû뵽ߵµĻС
ʹ߱ΪģΪԽߣҲԽǿˣּķʵѾ޷Ļֵȼеʵ߶Ϊɵ˷
СӣĪʦģɵ⻹ȴʮֺӺδõġ
ķٺЦ
սһЩγǵȴ˿ȣǵĿУòƾǿߣһҲ⡣
Ƶ³һѪӡ͵𣬿ЦӮˣҲĶ֣ҪɱҪУı㡣
ЦŷգΪһߣδսһ̱Ͷһɳܵ飬ڷյĺøһ㣬еķɽźâǷȴǱս˫ۣˮ˳۽ǻ¡
ܣ޷ѵֻҲˣϣܹһ󳹴򣬲ΪǣҶǣҷҲĿˡձ۾΢΢鴤ţȻѾ֮⡣
һеͬǰķգΪҲԼڱԼܵ³
ģȻˣǸ𣿡
棬֮ǰķգѾĿˣˮͣȻ¶ŮһĹʿ
ҡҡͷ¶һ˿̣տ޵չֻΪһ顯ΪˣҲƵһ֮ˡ
Ϸһӣɣ̲ס˵
һЦžɵ۾Ȼ˵ǰҵĵˣѾǣǽǻ鷳ġνǹ׶㰵ѷҲκεһ˿һĻᡣҸҡ
ȻĻ˵޷ʵˣŹһʹԼˣðķվԲ͡ȻǷΪģȴ˾еĹʱҲΪһŮȥѰȻûɱԼԼɱŮ˴ӴҲʧȻ٣ȻɿѰٰ꣬Ȼ޷֪κϢӴ˱㽫θС
ʱ˵ԼУӢһƺģȻʱķжôʹ࣬ȴ֪


305 
ԥһ£ɻ˷գסҪƾʵֻ¾Ҫ飬ûκԡ
ҲǲǰҲд˹ôҵˣһʵǿҿսɱˡпЦеơ
ȵһ£ϷлҪԷ˵ͻȻ˵ᶨĲݷԡ
ðɣ㣬ҵ˵ꡣҡҡͷƵžɡ
ͻȻ۾žɣ㶵˵
Сӣƨһ飬ŷҪƴһСôô嶯ϷֻûϷãһСɻ˵ֳһ˿Ц⡣
ɻյ˼빤ҿѳɵУʲô˵ģһʹ졣οҵġа룬Ҳܹôա
㲻һΪҪң
տЦϻۣһ˵СŮһ
Ϸû˵һҪ㣬ֻȰȰ㣬ϾϷҲǹˣǶ˼˰ɣϷ̫ƣһǵÿ⿪Ľᡣƽ˵
ʲôȰģҪɱҾɱֻҪɱңԺһᱨ𡣡еĺޣ޲ֻϧûǸʵ
ЦһСӣñôקҲ赲סɱġ
Ƕ𳳡գڻشҼ⣬ϷˣҾͷһ·ͻȻȵ
յͷѾزˣܹȥܹһ棬ֶΪ
㵽Ů˾ʵ
ͻȻ㣬ЦʵŮǡ
˻һ㶣ȴ̲ס¶ŨŨЦ⡣
Ǵ˵еˣӵˣŮ˵˫ص㡣ҧ˵
ԼΪλϲŮˣɼʵ
ͻȻصһЦԴұȷӦһˡ
ܺáûϲ𣿡
ᣬʯΪûһϲҡտ϶˵
ô뻯飬ֹʲô£Ϊǰ鷳ʵ
Ϊϲϲʹ࣬ѵϣϧ߸ɴ˳Ӵ˲ټջش
ô˵һƬģʲôʸҪôЦֱҡͷյе˵Ρ
ΪϲҪѵû뵽ʵȻĶ֡Ȼ̾
ηߣԺ󻹻𣿡ɶŷյ۾ʵ
˫ͻȻ߷˷ᣡʵûκ塣
ȥˣҲˣѣ㿴Űɣɱ뿪գһ˭Ȼǻһɱ֮
տ̾һԻİжĺ޾жеĸΪɵĿԷȻֻβŹԼ
ĶŷգԼźۣһ򼵶Ť˸ļһηŹգҲԲмԼΪС
ԵʴȾǶԼ̣بŲĵ
еķɽűĺ⣬ʱԶͻȻһǺԶһɫӰѸٵı
СǣմĺỺ
Ҳɻͷһͷٵĳ
ͬʱһӰͻȻǰ
ǻ
кâһɽ͵ĳȥŻǰɱ˷ա
ס֣
Ӱһ˲ƹɵĵסһ
ɫ䣬ʶɢȥȻȫ̽鲻ʵʵѵԼҪɣ
Ѿڱǽ§һ𣬷ֱ˼꣬ڻָǱǵļ䡣
΢΢һЦʦΪֹɱ
ҶͷŹһΰɣĵĸܣһһԶҲܰԼˣһޱȱ顣ЦϾȻƽˮ
ðɣʦ㣬ܵĻǲǣξͷһ´ٸ鷳ɱ⡣΢ЦȴǳŨҵɱ
תͷճյŻɢȵ񣬡ллһϣܹһߣһһӶõģԲһġ
ЦһŷգǻڳԻɱ
עһֱڻϣɻѣѵʦ书ôĶλʦ޵еĴڣʵþɺ
ȻһЦգ㲻ðҵģעһʹࡣⱲֻһˣҪңҲֱսһ졣㣬Ҳܰ㣬߰ɣıǣߵԽԶԽáҾֻͬ㣬ףӦ̾ߡ
ҪΪʲôҪĿΨһŮҲԸͬԼһ㣬Զ㣬벻պһһġ


306 
Ŀɣ˵ҵĻˣĵ˵
һŮӣ㣬ҪԼи㰮οǸûκνϲ㡣պ޺޵˵һˣܹĿϷ飬ΨԼ
ЦҡͷԵе԰ףһŮȴĥûκξ
ŻͻȻΪ֮һʹ磬ʵ˼붼ܷ⽨Ů˼֮׾ͻĵĸǸˡ
뵽ԼԵǼ꣬ҹػԼʱϸΪԼװ˵Ļ֮εεӿͷк޸оȴǲܵġ
ҿʲôʱôˣѵǵ磬û˷ɵԼԲ𣿡пЦԼѾԽԽˣͬǣϱӵЩ䣬ΪȴǶ˼ۺõĽ
߰ɣǳˣҪɱ㣬Ҳ赲
ͻȻ˵еͬҲֺ˸˵ĸоޱȣǰǸȵĻȥԶ
Ϊʲôչڵأ쳤̾
ΪҺѾ˼֮ףѾˡ˵仰ʱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ޣţѾ˶ʵĲࡣ
գ죬ŭˣߵ
ƵģӾޣ޶硣Ҫȥȴһֻץס
ɱҿܻĸ飡
νﲻݣһ仰պͻסˡ
һ˿װôãҪԼĿˣȻϲ
ԥһᣬͻȻɿ֣Ҫ˵ȥɣһʹ죬ĥ
ղҺһû뵽һ仰ͷԼʹĿҪ޷
գʵе΢Ц߹ȥһն˷ͷϵһƳҡͷ˵գ°ɣϲ㣬ȴһϲҵѾˣ㲻뿪Ҿɱ㣬ͬıǡ
໣
ǲİһɫͷŷյţˣǿ߰ɣٲߣǶҪˡ
Сǣ߰ɣʧȥ˻һѾûˡҵЦ
ˡ㲻ߣҲߣԸһ㲻һˣңĹ˵÷ԥˡ
һ
ʱҲ˹΢Цŷգ߹߲ʷôᰮϷأһвǻֶζѣϳգﵽԼֶΡ

ջߣͻȻһץס֣Ȼ§ڻУһ΢΢۾ϸֳжЦ⡣
ࣣ
Żϴĵ㣬΢Ц˻촽һ̻˫ָεıסı
շŭĺ˫ȭ߬ţһԶȥǱ˷ܵԾ𣬻Ϊһ׹⳯׷ȥ
ˣϣܹ󳹴ɣ
ɿڣȴֲӱεĻסƺֱǰǸȵĹ˫ȻϣŸ
ſңͱסֻܹʵտû뵽ȴͬǧ꣬ȻסԼȲ֣Ҳɿڡ
ããڷŹЦĺҸ
εһЦܵλľǰ
ߣʵôǰأаȴ΢Ц˵ǰðǰأҽлʦ㣬ӡ
һֱһʲôоǰ⻯ʲôʱˡҡͷžգգۡ
Ҳһһ飬˽ĵͷȻһǰȴŵĴסˣȴֲҵڲ𴩣ֻñȭЦѿˣǰʵڲҵֱҾɰɣ
ôƺ㣬Ҿôƺˡ˷ܵıĸ첲
ʲôʱӦȢˣԹ
ղŲ˵뿪ͺҿʼһθ𣿺ҿʼҾŮˣŮ˲ӽʲôЦĺܽ
ˣֻ˵ܣû˵һ
ܣܣҲܣ˵˾ҪҸ㣬Ҳȥˣ㲻ҪңҾһֱ㡣ǰǲӡ
΢΢һЦ׼˵ȴǸ͸¶ҵʵǸҰ˵һɱ㡣
ϵıһͣÿһţȻвңŮ˺ÿ£״ﵽʲôʵˡ
ǰҪ˵乫Ժûę́ˣҲȥʦˡЦв
ƣЦãͬʱвԼһвһȴǼвʦ㶼Լȥʦǲô


307 
һŮȻӦҪȢӦôڿʼúչЦ
ʲôʱˣһûɱְı顣
ȻӦȢˣǾ㶴з֮ʵɣ硣Цݿȥȴôа
ԼǸ鷺ģ⻯ƭˣղĿ϶װģӡ
ˣҵıҪʼˣʵ̫Ѳˣ֪Ӧòġ̲ס˺󼸲˾
ǰʰɣΪʵòƱԼǿزᳬɵʵɣ
磬ȥȥ
Ц˹ȥĵƾȴ˲ƿȥһѱס
ǰԵһ죬һ˲Ƶƶ֮ϡ
һֲŮӣοɵùˡɺٺЦ
Ц߳鷢൱죬һǸַգȻʦץȡˣǷ˼
μǰ֪Ҳǳ֣һ㶼ҵ
ʲôòμģߣǺȾȥݡˣû뵽ʦʵôǿ
ڻЮ£Եúް취ĻᶼûУвɿ̾ԼһʱҪˡ
֪˶ãһâѾһ̻Ի͵ĹС
õĸûʣòŮ׷ǰʩ񣬶ֻ΢΢ͷڹѸ˲ơ
ɫǰȪдŮ΢ЦȪ²Ļ꣬һԡ
ȫ˳ûҵκ˲ý롣
ǣŮˣֻдЦ⡣
ʲôƵʵ
ȻǶǰϴ衣
Цĺܹ죬С־Ȼʼ·
ҵ찡ſҡֵ˵ǻͣſ
ٺ٣ټ˶ɣٺһЦ׼䡣
ãô޷䣡
ط޷䣬ɿЦ΢Ц߹ɽŵˡ
Ҳ˵ֻ˫ɵļӿʱ·㱻µĸɸɾһָĳξչǰ
ۣһΣȪİڵߣǻħȴС
Բβ̵ͦ˫壬ϸ֫رž˵ʣǱǿдԸУȴòϡ
ס۾ȴ͸ָ쿴Ǿ壬оȻһֻһƬȣȻ̲סȥס
΢΢һЦ˦ųĳһһȥߵʱ򣬻ǰ˫ŲţԵޱԸС
񰡣ȾҰɣ̲ס̾Ȼеų⣬ȴ޳ܵĳԼ
ͨһȪ
磬ˡЦȥ
ûˣҵʵĶ֣ûܡʱһůѾ
ǣ̵壬۵ģ֮еķӦȴԽԡ
ۣӲİӡڳһֻ¸ȥ
ֶˡ
оԼһжͽ͵ģӱץסһеֿ
һӣѾȥȫ·ıסӷСĴӡ
ôҪ
ε˵ͻȻоһĸо洫û뵽⻯ȻӲϹˮбж
ܲˡ
һȪеˮϸߣǻѾĵ
ʱѾģһ˿ûеĵУڴѵ״̬£Ȼˡ
磬һ㣬𣿡ͻȻ¶һ˿־塣
ߣҵģǾͱҡ
͵һͦһĲҽдĽƳ˫ţϧѾûƿ
ǴŮ΢΢ͣ٣ղԵĸоһĤ֮жʱЩģ׼γ
ţҪͣ磬Ұ㣬ҪԼ׸㡣ۣҲšͻȻıסĺ󱳡
ϧ֮鱻ǿҵȡͻȻӿֳһâǰһͦȻȴֻͣ΢
ŻԴʹӣɽһ˫ץסĶɽ壬Ĳš
ۣҲšҵģҰ
Ǻģݺݵ˶ţͬڳͷһ㡣
ʱϵʹѾʧ֮ΧƬռ䣬Ѿܵ״̬ҲʼϵŤš

ͻȻȫѪҺͬһ㣬ڵһԪȻԶһǿӻӿ


308 
ôܻڹǲҲԶУȵʵ
ţǵģҪͣΪ߲ʷˣʵҪ˫ޣʵҲûĿ졣
ͻȻԺðһϵӰ񣬹ڴмĻ棬ڴһɲ֪ͻȻڵ̼ܵˣ
ɫϲʱڵѾﵽ˽뻯XXȻһ˶ʵ˶Խ
磬ͷսţͻȻһĪĿȫ̳ͣĺ˫εץס塣
ȪˮƺһУһԶԶȥһŽɫĹâһѪĺâ˶ˡ
֪˶ãڵͺһһХ֮ŻϵӰڷֿ
̷ϥ˰ߵĴʯϣϽâӿڵѾﴦǿŽ𵤾Ȼһֹ
û뵽һʵȻô죬Ĳ˼顣
ڵһԪתţ׷˳һԪ·ӿǾ㹻󣬿޷ͻȻӵı̬
룬ս˫ۣĽ붨״̬
Ǹһ˿ǳЦʥǣԼȻûһ壬мУϣʵҲ
ʱŶصķطڵ类һ㣬Ȼûٶȴǰ˺ܶ࣬һ˿Ѫ
ӰһҲϥ¶ʵЦ⡣
Ƶ˫ۣڵʵѾӽĶ壬вϲ뻯һΣʵͽô졣ǶΣʵ᲻أ
ҲϥԱߣĺâţϹһ˿ǳЦȻһƲţžȻмʥϢ˿¡
ĶŻɢʾȻһμʱ棬װװͰ͵ģ뵽Դʱı飬Ц
һâȻӻ۾бŷȪ֮֮󣬾һͣǱУ¸ֵ
˫ۣһ۱޳ģϲһĨΣȻ˫棬ģ߲ѡ
ŶMYGODΪǰĻٴξޣ˵ֻò⻯һҲ࣬һΪʵĹϵʵ治Ǹǵġ
磬߲ߣ㿴ͬһСŮһĽ磬һָѾͦĵط
ʲôߵġ㲻ǺϲǾͱ߰
̶ֻһ˲䣬ڵаֱĹ˫ֳצĳƽ
ʲôҪ
ͻȻ˫ֻס˵˫壬µ飬΢΢ţһҲ֪˭ѧģаð
ˣС椣£úġҲϵ˵
ղſŻʥַŮȴεεԼָоҪ˲䣬̫ˣܹܵסͲˡ
ǰһˣû㣬ߵı˵ڵأ⺦һװģһģϾҲǵһһܣӿһСŮ˵Ҹ
㲻ʵǿ𣿸绹㡣
Ե÷ǳܣ˽˵ڴʯϣ˫ָǰס˻˫֣¶־飬š
С椣ȥϷһԵð˹Ӱ󽱣
˵˻ֻޱȣ˵һΪԼŵõڶΣϵġ
ǸԣǻᰮҡмţӭĶ
һΣȴûһôʹˣֻ鲻Խ
Żµݣֻͬ˷ܼһ㣬ʵǿŮ˵оȻŨŨԺС
һΣޱϣޱȣ˫֮壬ˮǿҵĿö˶޷԰Ρ
һνȥ֮ǰѾһԪȻǻһʵȱչҪܶ࣬ȻûеһιѸιٶҲ
磬Ұ㣡۾ߵ΢΢ţбĳֿȡӵһμĲмӼֱ࣬ӿļ䣬ָҲԽֿ
Ư˷ܵĺ
˷ĲţҲţΪ˵ʶһˣˣһҵսȻ˺ܾúܾá
֮󣬶˽˯⡣
һΣڵʵûӵ״̬Ͼ֮;ԽҪԽѣһҪ˴ǰе
һͷĳŻСֵָĸӢݣܹĻУŨŨҸ


309 
ͻȻһɫ䣬ͬʱĵطȻҵҡ
¡ͻȻƮѹѹƲ㣬濪ʼҵҡɫ䣬һʵȻȫ
磬Ҫռˣȳȥһסڷ㶵׹ѾγϿա
ȵȰɣһû·أƵ˵Ȼȴ˲ƣֱӳһɽ˲ƶȥ
ŷɽһɽϣ£ǽ˵磬Բû뵽ѹôãȻǴ١ûܹɹ٣Ұɣ
Ҫ·˴ϣе
Բƭ㣬ʵС硣˵͵ĳϿȴȥ
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313 
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ǰˡľϲĺƷҽΣϵĺѾʧ
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315 
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ģţλǵģû뵽һû֣žȻѰׯˡ·ߣͶЦ
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֪Ϸɵ˵ʦֶͷԴӱ˵ԿƣǾһԡ
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ƽȻͷֲԼô죬ȴȻ޽չмβ㱻ǶΪͨѾС
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316 
ҿǿ󣬾ȻγĢơվڿУңׯϿյḷ́а̾
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317 
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һ˲ƽ䣬ĵʶһĶ࣬ˣҲˣΪǽתзŰġ
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УһƬɭִͻȻˡ
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ٺһЦһʧԭأںڶռУɵ˲ƣգ֮Ӣߡ
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ԼĪʱңѾ˫ۣԪӤЧƽʱʱƽ˵ԪӤѾŵĴľֱŷɽʱŴŭ
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㲻ˣƽ˵ԪӤŵɪɪ
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ϵиϵƽԪӤѾˣһ˫ɫ۾־ĵǰĿնʹʧȥ˸оѾɵɵġ
ԪӤҲﵽԪӤڵʵʱŵĩա
һѽԪӤץסӿââĽԪӤסһԪԪӤϴһɹӴ
ʹĲԪӤԪӤʶѾ˵ԪӤʱҲǼʹġ
ս˫ۣ΢΢аЦţĽҾ磬ʶԺȥڵı仯
֪˶ãﴦĽѾȭͷСܱɢһȦȦǽ𵤻Ǵ
һԪеٶͻȻֵֹԪӤѾֹͣ˷ֻʣһɫķĩ
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һԪԪӤķǿžʹһڽ𵤵ı仯

ԪӤȱ𵤣
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318 
ʦ˵𵤳ӤҪвᵤӤһ޻һ
˿СӣһԪӤ
Ȼˣȴǿڵı仯𵤱ûʧﴦγһŸǿ
Ӥ񣬿ڵʱԺһʹƺԱһΪһʶﴦ㼯ȥ
һʱʱĹȥˣڵﴦһӤԪӤĿʼ֫
ϥ֮ϵӿԪӤ֮ڣһһģһԪӤ֮
ӵԼԪӤпϲŬԼ޳ԪӤһԪӤ൱ڶһ㱻ɱֻҪԪӤӳһ
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ȻԪӤԱޱȣǵಫĽ׶Σ˭Ҳ׶ݳԼԪӤԷƴ
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ܺãԺ൱˫ʵˡţҪɱǸƬײźۣ㵱ܾ˰ɣˡЦ
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У취Ѿõ൱һֱŽ뽣֮УʵﵽԪӤںڿںϷ뽣һ壬ڹԲֹԭһ
һ߾еĳһںʹ÷ϣȻȴ˽зֱڽϡ
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ʱ֣ͣܵǹϤϢЦˣԭʦӸϵˡ


319 
ӵν棬ӢϹһ˿οЦ⣬ʵѾׯֻǿڱԣмûǰ
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ûҪƭ㣬³ǮаȵЦ
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ⱦͽܿ޼۵ģ˵ķϣʯȫóѡһ֡ͽܾˡЦĺа
⣬ռðˣˣݺݵ׵ѪܵģЦ⣬ʹѡ


320 
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ͽҲҵͽܣʣžӦû죬һǶȫͽҲΪǰ;룬ļ۸ȴֻܹ벻ջ
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327 
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Ȼ޺޵Ķŵ˺Լ޲죬ʱȻҪԼź۵ĸ顣
ҲţȻŭĺ
Ǻãغܼ򵥣һһвԲ־ܣ
нһѾȻϡ
źۣٹͶһɱһʬЦ
ź۴ȻŭĿ⣬ȴûйڵأΪһͶԼɡ
۸磬ȾǵĺɣȻϴһ˿֮⣬ܹӮֻҪź۴ʱԸΪԼͺôԱסź۵ҲԱס
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328 
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ͻȻźǸڴһɫâʮɸߵĺâ𣬽űӿֵ档
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һͷ¶һݣ磬ͦıĺ룬ྐྵȻмӢɢų˵ζ
ӦȥʦģýķͣȻЦ


329 
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뵽ѩ֩뼱ٷȥ

һһ۱㿴Զݵٶȼѩ֩룬һ⣬ͻȻݺݵһѩ֩ȥǿĽֿԪӤʵһȫɱѩ֩ʵ
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ҲǰԽǳ֮ȻָƷǳ죬Ǵ˿ڶԷƤ£Ҳչ¶ǳ֮һԡڽսףԲͨĻɫҲӵ޸Ĺܡ
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ʶ̽رδһټ΢һ㣬֩ãŵ㣬ٶȷһ㣬׷ٶȰɣ
һڿ˲ƣʼ׷ıȽͣһֱŲԶľ룬Խ׷ϣвٵطǿĽƣ˺üԪӤڵߡ


331 
ҶԷûԹǿƵĵش˲Ʒһ൱Σյ飬һҲٶȷŻƾٶ׷ϣ˲ơ
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âһոսӴϵĺۣ˲ɫǿҵĽ⼸ͻȻӿֵģâǸطѾȫΪս׵ԭ͡
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ôܣǱһӦ˲Ŷԣôôȫָʵ
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ϢأѾ˽ս׵ǿս⼱
һ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫʱͻȻ¶һ˿ЦâһɽȻУźâָһ
һͻȻĶסؿڣǿʶɢȥ˲̽ȥԭ˵ĵطȻѾȬˡ
нսУսڴﵽǿķ״̬ڴͬʱϵЦԽŨһԾա
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332 
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ԣһʵû뵽ǰ츳Ȼõĳ̶ȡ
һ裬һ˲ǿеķУͬԵı콣ڿзײ໥
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߱У۹Ǹֱ֮ףοһܹƾʵȵƾʵԽǰĻ
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ⷢӱǵţʦҲȻɵıըͷЦ

ʱ˿̵һͬһͷŭʨӣһԪӤڵ߻Լ̫ûˡ
пЦԷʵԼĲ಻һ㣬ԼӵһЩ⼼ܣֻͱһɱˡ
һ׷һӣȻһʵٶȫռƣںбҲǸǵģһʱ֮䣬һȻûܹɱиΪŭ
ʱĴҲܣѾʮ˿ڣȫǱһĽˣ࣬սȥ¸ӲһĶ֡
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һһ˿ɻ֮ɫҲ׼ܣȫһһ
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333 
һЦһɽӭзɽ
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334 
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ڿУϷôܡһЦֻҪӽ棬ԼѼӣɱֻҪķһʱѡ
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аЦʱȻѾˣҲĵĲˣԼӵһʵõķ䣡
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335 
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336 
ʦ壬ոʲôֵأЦĺر˧ˡһʮŮգһ˫۾Цʵ
ĺǷ׷ڴУǸ߸ϵׯţӢۣЩζϣܹΪӵǿʵܹׯߡ
ƷĽ̵Щϰʱʦݴ似ϾǵĵӣʦϵЩΪͽǸһʦܣʦá
ǵڵʵݣԾƷĲŸգԶΪʦ弶
ţһ⣬ԸΪʦ𣿡ͻȻ¶õЦ⣬ȫǷĵЦ⡣
Ʒһ¶ϲɫЩܹõָ㣬˵ָ㣬ҸʦͷΣҲԼľͷ
룡
ûκԥеĺӶ˷ܵĺ˫иǳſĹâ
죬࿴ĸүү̱㽫ƷӵټҲ²²⵽ͽ뷨һҲΪˡ
λһ뷨׼ׯͽһԪڵȫ֪λΣ
ЦĿɨڳļˡ
ׯĺ˵ĺ£ʦ֧㣡Եü
˷׷׵ͷ֧֡
˽ԴһԪڹѵͲ׷𣿡ɫص˵
ҪӦʦͬɣȽһ㡣ƷĿǵĲ࣬ҲΪͬ
˼أ΢Цʵ
ʲôҶԥ֧㡣ͽȫ֧֣ն˵лΪˣΪѯԼ
λ˽ԴһԪڹһ£赣ģһеҵķռֻоҵſϵڴ˴һԪڹ˭ֹܵšڸʦǾ͸ûҪˣ˵˰ٷְٻķԡֻҪׯ飬ǾȥԺһԪڣһԪΪɽһɣҲԿ
͵Ŵеɻ
㲻Ǵڹռô򵥰ɣѵ뿪ɣһֱ˵ͻȻ˵˵뷨
ûǿɣ
˵ɢǿš
ĬУɿɲһ򵥵顣
ׯ˿ڲ࣬ѡʲôĵӴڹԺͯΪΪƷӿʵ
ѡˣŮ٣СԸɵģȫлĹһһٵ˵гΨҶİ
ﲻݣ仰˵ϸһĳݣܹ˵λؽ󣬾Բһ߿ġ
ȻӵΪŵӣԺҪɽ硣޷޳ΪŵӣԺҪ׽硣Ŀǰ˿ϡ٣һ취Ըɵĵӡ꣬һԳɾһǿŵ˵ҲΪԺ룬ӳһߵͷΪţԼڷܣò˰ͻɽ硣
һأܵµ㶫ɣɣһǿɣԶԼһǳ顣
˱Ŀ۷һΪߵû˵ǾǣлᣬһñŵһͳݣǸνĴ͵죬ҪݵĹҫ硣
һɣʦݳھݴ½ϣڶ߿롣ݵشﲩ˿ڶ࣬һ˿ڱ㲻֪жڣοݣأ
Ȼڶܹ࣬һɵȴܹ쵽֮ô࣬ʵ˵ɲ࣬󲿷ڼǰǧǰʹõɡ
˵кΰļƻ˳ױˣϷ׷¶ɫׯҪһɣΪʦˡ
ʮΪׯһʦ۳γǣֱ񣬺ܶͣʵϸ㣬ոնʮꡣ
Ҳ֪õʲôַȻҵ˶꣡ΪĿռԼʹ⣡Цˡ
ȥͨϢһ磬ׯĴ񶼻䳡㡣ڴʲôɣƣȺʹһɣ
ıԼͽܿţɣȲ뽫Ϣȥ
ʦȥϢɣʵɣˣ˾ˣʲôڣʲôɣЦ
ɵǣ鷳ʦĸæ׼ɹأ¼أŹ鷳Ʒʦˡ
ˣ񣬷бʣˡ
ҶҪأҪʲôȻЦ
㰡ɾͺܼˣҪźϰ˫֮


337 
һаȵЦ⣬ߺƳһۣ߲أƤ񣡡
񷢲ȥûʲô£סһ˲Ƴȥ
ɭ֮Уһĺ峺ףɫ£΢ˮ˿˿һȦһȦĵȥ
ͻȻͨһӰˮС
ˮ¶΢͸һ⣬˵˿⡣
ˮĽ΢Ц§࣬һ
滵˼ҲӾղűǺһˮƵ˵ĿУɫ£ѾȾ˵ĺΡ
̲סĴĸӣ˷Ӧ
૵˵
ֻúе㼱٣һţȻһûУ黰£һѾͶҲ״
ΪŮ˺󣬶˾࣬ԶΪΪǿ߶Ŭţʱ·ţ൱оؿշļį
һŵ࣬ǣжʼ֮顣ǰһʱǶŮӣ˹ϵЩһֱ˺ܾãһֱԶݡ
Ѿеˣһ˫޹ǵС־ȻϸţϢϡ
ˮУֻҪܹά壬ڳºС
ˮУͷϵĲλȴ¶ˮ棬ǴϾ̲סҪЩ
£еʵĴ۾ɻɡ
࣬ҶԲ㣡̹׵
ôˣûʲôҪҵǸ˵ˣʲôҶ֧㰡̱ᶨ˵
һҪ˵Ҳƭ㣡оԼСʱ̬ϧûСһƺȻϾŵϵЩ䣬ʱͬһ˴ĺӣһֿı顣
ѵңͻȻеཱུľһŭģ
ҵôأŵһ㶣æ˵
ǲ͵ˣ㻹ǸʲôǵĹϵҪǸôһЦ˫ѾչͶס
飬ƺͲںסԼͣһ˫С־ȻԼ֡
һúŷŹԼ͡
ʲôʱôˣץס٩
˵Ҫ˫޵İҰ׼ŶЦ߯Ȼмֹ龫֡
ҳˣ
ʱ䣬˵ϴǷɫֱ˫ۡ
죿ʲô˼΢΢һ㶣ɻʵ
ˣ
ʲô˭ˣ˵𣿡գ۾Ц
ȻȻ򣬳죬Ĵʻ㣬һݳ顣
Һ㲻ʶŮһ𣬲һһ˯ˣ˵ܹͨԡ
ССŵϴ󣬷һɴ۾
Բ𣡡ǷĿЦ
ʲôŮˣƯ𣿡
ƺûЦʵ
вЩ㶵࣬ҡҡͷֵͷԺлŮӣлɫ֮£ҪԵѷһ
ҡͷֵͷʲô˼಻ʵ
ʵ㲻ҪԼ˱ȣԶϲġֿ˵仰ʵĿУĵλ˿ȡġ
ʵʲôŮܹĶ˵ҾͲ˫ޣһҲЦֵ
ǣǼŮӵĹ𽥽಻ʱʣһ˵˶ʱ˵ꡣ
ڳĬˣգĴ۾֪ʲô泩˺ܶ࣬˵Щеθмࡣ
ϲ磬ҲϲңĸˡͻȻųŨŨЦ⣬ȫǷĵЦ⡣
ɣ㲻Դף
ʲôأ֪ʼң㹻ˡϣδĽԽƯԽã̫ҿɲϽŶЦ
ȫ֮⣬ྐྵȻһҲԴף˳ԾжʱһĪĸжҲлûл涨һһơ
ϡ۹⣬һбˣмŮǷǳ顣檸ƽ飬ǰׯкܶ˶м𣿡ЦǺǵ˵СսĹؼĿʼ
ã
࣬ʵ¹ӳ£ȻԵмʥˮȾʪİȹ峺ĺˮ£˵屻ˮƼ֣޳ģȫ²һ˿׸⣬ϸ֫ͦ˫壬£ԲβԵ̡ͦ
ƫƫʱ˫ֻʵ˽ĸоӵϣñӶѪˣ˫ֺצˮС


338 
ס˸ʵ˫壬˫˫壬һͳᷢ

ڱ̲ĺˮУȴѾù
һ˫ֻħһ㣬ȥϵİȹֱһƲң·ǽս׻ûˮҲʧȥԭеķãһɫӱѾʧ
ںˮмҵӵţȴʱ䣬ȴ˻ֻʣ¶Żȵ෢
ҪˡŲصĵشʿǹڵͦš
ţһ޵ĵȫɵĿʵϡ
ŻеˣܵǷβ˫סİ˫壬ںˮ󣬴ӱ󻺻Ŀʼ׼
΢΢һͦһ֮ĵڽصĵشںˮƺ̼źˮȻ󻬼ãȻԼеýġ
ȫȥˡ˵ٴȫĽ֮С
һ£岻ɳ鴤ţ̫ˣļҪﵽԼˣǿҵĿȫ帲ǡ
ҪѾ״̬ƵŮѾ룬üë΢壬΢΢ſ¶طۺ
ˡξˮ˶ҲͬʱԵĹ棬ڶѭš
ýԽ˷ܣһʱûˣҲԵʣﾹȻޱȽ£ȫԼʵʵ
һһٶȽſ󣬶ͬʱڵĴϢһľҲ̲סԽԽ˵ǷǿĳǿҲһδҡűݵ֮ϡ
ˮУͬһź棬ˮĽ޺ãˮգ
峿ׯϿճ䳡Ѿ˴˵ҪɣͽܣЩҹ;ۼ䳡
ģƷӵԴĵ䳡̨ϣͻȻˣĹ죡
ңԶУӭųׯ˷׷׵ɴ۾ǼеӰа˷ܲѡ
ׯշе֮٣ģƷӣӢ⣬ʣжڵķС
ڿеķٶȴô죬ޱȣһУͬ·һĽҹĸ̨ϡ
ǧ˾Ϣ˽ڸ̨ϺȴһԲֻǻׯд۹֮˾ס˺
һҹ֮䣬Ӣ˵׼£Ѿһ¯ʱ¯ɢ̣ĵ˾¶ϲɫ
ӢİţһǼ㣬ɫµĽע㻺¯ڣ
ʽӣУܶƷΪȱܹҵ¯ӢѾķ˲Խ
תׯÿһˣ죬ҿɵӣڿʼʽҽڵӴ似ķׯŮ٣мŵģ뵽ϴŮ٣ֻҪܹ޳ΪźĵӵģѾﵽһ䣬ҲǳΪܹյǿߡ޷ھģԴ߿ʼһʵﵽż۷壬ͬӵɵǱʡŹ涨
ţ
޲¶֮ɫĵҲֱһ̲֪ơ
Ů٣Կɼ룡
ׯĴе𾪸Щ˿ܹʵСţѾĺ£ȴǲŮٽԿɼ롣
ӢȻʧȥ˫ֹۣסֳ
һϣӢдĪ˷֮ɫ
΢΢һЦĳмλȥһϼ
ӢԵλ˼ʽʽ𣬵ǺΪ𣬲Ů٣ԿһԪȻ⼸ǧˣжܹʽΪŵӣж˿츳Ǹֵ˼⡣
΢Цڼªϣ뷨ׯһɣǸһᣬһԪЩ˻Ĺ
ڻԺʱ棬Ҳ˵ÿ˶ӵ֮ӵеʱ䡣
ԼҪﵽɽʱ䲻֪Ҫ꣬ʮ꣬˴Ҳһʮʱ䣬Լһоһѿӣο㣬ȫû⣬ʺǱ
һʱȥοǣׯȫţԼүүȻʧȥ˫ȣʱҲļţΪʽһԱ
ƶĹΪʼˣţʦֵܣͬʱҲ泤ְ֮ׯŵȫֱӳΪӡһӣȫգв֮˲Ů٣ȴﵽʵΪӣֻгʵɳΪһӡ


339 
ھΪԴڸϣഫھھºׯǧ˷׷׿ʼھ
ׯæһţŴϸæòɿû˼˴һԪûиʮԽ̻Щ
ȴ֮㿪ɣһȻ˦ƹоڣԼֵУֻҪÿ컨һʱоϣǹ֮Ǵ´
һɾԺУһžۣʱ˿̣ԴһԪˡ
ŸĸϵݣرүүѾһͷ׷˫ȾʧԼȴʱ޷Ѱҽ˫ȵҩŨŨθС
ЩԼһֱһ֮·Լ˷ȱ˹ģԼʱ̫үү˫ʧȥ
Ŵĵ棬үүĸ壬С̣ͬʱϥţڵһԪķͬʱս˫Ŀ
һ˵ݣаٸнʼûɷһ㿪ʼǵ
һҪ޳ϣүүˣ޲Ҳ㹻ʱﵽ۷塣үүʱȴˣ޷޳ֻжʮɻĵǡ
Ѿ˼ʱȻĶԭأԽţȵԼɾҪšΪﶼ֮ˣүүû֮ͨ;вͨķ
ϰһ;ԽԽүүͣأҪﵽһſȻɣһܹﵽڣʵȾż߻ҪǿȻʮ꣬Ƕүү
ͻȻĸ׵λζһ£һ˫ϲ۾˲ʱ˫۾Ƿɡ
ĸ޳
пϲȻĸȴ˸ƣΨִ˵
裬ϲô޳
ȻҲЦӯȻ
ĸ֮䣬Ѫһܹͨĸ˷ܵĵͷűϥ
ͨУҪɣ߱ɲܹӵеĶĸܹ޳˵һĻԵʿܻ
ʱһ˫ۣͬǾϲ֮ɫҪгɿһˣͷϥ
Լһ˾Ȼжӵս˫ȭʵ̫ˣˣȻѾж޳
һӹȥҲ˫ֻۣȴҡҡͷűս˫ۼ
һֱȵ죬ѾĶӹУѾʢ׼ˡ
ˣ޷ǲ߱ˣĸף嶼޳ǿԽܡ
үүʿ̫ˣô޷
Ҳһûĸ׿Ц
οһ޲ԴѧͻƣΨүүˣ޷޳Ҳֻ֮·ˡ
ӴԼ̽СţڵԪطֱ룬ڣԪأľԪͬʱ˸ӦȻ˫ǲġ
ĸ׵ʱԭƽɫͻȻ¶ŨŨЦ⡣
ľˮϵĸ׵츳Ȼ֮á
һַԴͺˣҲøүүСÿ
ⷬ뷨ǲϧȴʵ֣ھ̽ԣҲƾ̽뵽ԷУҲֻܹ΢ĸӦǷԣһô׼
ǡûԣҲ߿ʼһ޳׼ᶨ˵
үүȴʼûз뷨ڵʮ󣬾Ȼ޳һ˿˷ܵݺᡣ
Ҳ޳ȫ˶˷ܵΧһţүүڸӦһ˿΢ԪأȻԪ֮΢ɱϾǿ޳ġ
֮ˣ޳ʵǸߣߵס
үүҲлŵˣүүЦԺԼֻܹһӣԼӣ˵˭Сӣ
ڣׯǧܹ޳ľȻв٣γЩӵʸߣһܻһӵ
û뵽ǧ˲ׯȻжӵҲˣׯ˶ٸӣлүүĸ׵ڡ
Щ޷޳ģΧӣʵǿΪӣŵһʵ߷Ϊӣһӡ
ͽĳŵǾ˭ܹһӣΪӣţȳϸഫ
֪УһתȥҪڸϣæµһ£ʱһսʵڴﵽԪӤڵ磬Ҳ˵ԪӤھҲԶˡ


340 
ԪӤڣΪȻֻһ磬ʵ˵ȴһࡣ
ƷӣĶƺѾϰ徻ڵӣӣѾˡӢͬˣȻ弶ʧȥ˫ֿۣ޴ķ˲٣Ҳ׼ںУҵһ˳Ȼ
Ȼţȴǲ˸ںдϺܾãȻ˵㣬ʱɼʵ෴ԽԽԶ
̵һ㣬ʽǾֹıչǱޣͨս
ںŵӺż˲ݳ˺䡣
ںȥһ£Ҳȥʮһϣһ˳ֺѾûһټ
ҲãһȻ֮ˣɱɱûϵȹһʱ䣬ԼҲﵽԪӤڵʵٴγ֣Ҳؾ
ԼĴ㣬γƱزᰲȣмɵĳûڳһǡ
ͻȻڴ˴̽ʶɢȥֱȷΧûˣ΢΢һЦ˳Զȥ
ʱǰѾһԻǡ
ֻǣ˿̳ȴУԶһɤѾҴ򣬴֪ĳСӣ
Χ۵߲ΪԾǣǾȻ֮ͨǣſЩȻȫߣȻʵߣֻڵʵ
һʵ̤ĳǰȥ
Χ۵аˣмһүģ꣬˿ţСҪģȻҺͱүԣүҪɱȫһҪɱҰ
һĳΧȺУѩ֩ںѾţֱڣΪǿ߱ȱȽǣȻﵽԪӤڵʵȴҲд
ǱСȴһ꣬ԼĪʮͣĳϱһͿĨǣʱүļȭཻһһڵѪ
ĪȻɱңҲ᲻úģúȫ⣡걻Ѫȴ޺޵ŭ
⺢ӣ಻ɵ˵оһ˿֮⡣
ţɫһûеõķԸͳǰ
΢΢ЦʶСɢȥڲһ˵̽ǵʵ
Χ֮ߣȻѾﵽ˽ڵʵ󲿷Ϊڵʵ
үͲ󣬾Ȼӵн𵤳ڵΪȴֻɢڵʵҲһִ֡˵Ƕڵĵӣ˿ݣݺݵϡ
עүĸϣĸ˾Ȼȫǽڵʵվĸһ㣬ֻĸȴһ˿飬ǰλδ
򣬴һΪֹүЦӵǻ˺۵ꡣ
ҪҪֹǿĶ֣Ȼܣȴȥ
̴Ҳ֪ԵαŹ򣬵Ūڶ֣˴ܣľͲһǺˣ
ͷֱֻ϶Ǵ˵үѡ
ӾҲҪңı˵С˿û˼ƿڴ
үɫͻһ͵ĴȵǸ˵ʬϳϣʬգκ˸ڱүԣǾ³
ΧΧ۵߷׷ԴǳϵʿͻȻһЦţʿһŮʬóڸߴĳ֮ϡ
Ҫ
ʱСѳݣΪʹԵŤеķŭ޷Ƶɢһ˫۾ҪɳѪ
ްǸޣҾҲŹģ
Сŭ͵ĳүȥ
ߣ֪ɱȫңӣѾˡģȻڴϾһ㣬ŪıүһжûУүЦ⻰Χ߷׷׺˰벽СͻȻŭҪҪ
ȻһЦΪСе˵ʲôҪ˶ȥ
֮ϣһѩ׵ŮʬȻţŮʬ˺ۣҲŴƣɫ벻ʣгޣʹࡣ
ŮȻѾˣȫޣЩԹҲвɫԵ˹ȥν²ؼ߸߹
ͻȻеŭˣܹȲ֮£ɱȫңӣʬ廹ڳϣֻܺʲô顣
һᣬСһһѪͻȻ˹ȥ
ҪĻڳϣӣĪȻЦĿ⻷ˡ
ĪȻҼ֮һǰʼƴ˳ǡĪȻһֱ㲻֪жŮС֮ʱСҲЩʵȻãһ
ǻ֮вɷһߣĪȻպ̧ͷ۾ͬסƵģ㶵࣬һ㾪Ϊˣ


341 
ۣȻľˣ֪С㷼ϼүĪȻǽɫݣĪȻˮˣڳΪPOSSɫԵЦ
ŮȻٿϡ
ǰ˵³ǿһ֣
ȺΧ۵ĪȻһЩ˷׷ױս͡
ޣɥĲλӣҪƭˡС޺޵ĺ
ĪȻȥһСԴϣһ֮أȻСιȥ
ϳǽգӵһǵҵﱾү³ĪЦȴûƿ
ѾŭɥĲ֮£ھȻ࣬Լʵۣɱ˭ɱ˭ɡ
̤ǰ벽ǣסС֣˳ưӵ뻳ĶĪȻɱԽԽŨ
ߣ˭
ĪȻϸֳһ˿ŭ֮ɫԼտصŮ˾Ȼһܵӵ뻳УеȻܲˬ
Ѿ˿ʼǻԵСסĪȻһˣԽɫԽѿ
ģȻô˧žͰۣȱ˧ĶĪȻֹ
ϸֳһ˿Ц۲ôãһѾˣСϷһµĹӸȷʵ֮¡ڣȻԼù
һɢޣ㣬Ǳ˵ŮˡЦ˫ʵʰľâ
ȥɢޣүҪŮ漸죬ɣĪȻݺݵ˵Ǽ²һˡ
ɣҲ䡣Ҳ򿴿㳤ʲôУ翴ˣ
һŭţѾȺ߳ѪȻҲ֡
ȥҰǼ£еɱˣŮС
ĪȻŨŨɱ⣬ûǸҸԼа壬⼸Сˡ
ǶͣеĻƣȡɽݺݵĳɱȥʱΧ۵Ⱥ׷ɢʮɣпĪȻΪģҲֻܹзԣȴҵԡ
ڵļһҲҳߣ
ţһҲȡЦվԭء
ţȥɱʲôùܣһڣĴ֮Դ˳ҲǶӵ򶷾顣
ǻ־ܣҵүˣڵ˳ݺݵЦ
˺󼸲ȴǽţǰ棬ԸּߣԼֵġ
ǸپȻǽڵʵû뵽ģԲС⼸˾ͱŶҪǿǱչذһ
ˣһڵʵһڣţǻߣ˫ʵȫɱ
ţȡ׼ӭս֮ʱȴһ๫ЪţҺͺ³㹻Ըūˡ
ɹЦţ˶ƯŮˣһԵãԼ˵ȫԼĴ֣
Ҳ¶Ц⣬ȻĬˣǰүԲкùӳԡ
ڵ˲һ㶣űŭ죬ͬʱһɽţȥ
ಣಣ
Ѫͬʱ˶ԷĹ
ڶȻ֮ʱѪѾһһ˶˶ˡ
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347 
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˵ǹ˵ǵūţֻΪΪĹϵһ߼ūš
ǸɱСϷʶ׷ɱͽϷɣϷһͷһ˵
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ããչ̳ɣǼ˵ͷԽԽãͤ¶һ˿Ц⡣
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ʿ̵ͷ¶־ɫһŭ죬΢΢ЩйǶڵĵӿԵֵġ
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348 
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һƷ㣬յʯĲҲ󲿷ʯɣȴȡʵӶӶȻҲʯ
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349 
һͨʯΪ߱ĪĹϵԽãҲԽߡǵϵһʯܹȡٷ֮ʮǺܸߵıţϵֱҲհٷ֮ʮ
ҡҡͷһƷ㻹ͷԣͨģʽ֪׬ȡʯȻĿ˲ܶԼӵмǧƷʯɿһ࣬ȡӶȴҲ
˱ߺȱ̸ʵԽߣյڸʲôˣУºѪΪϲرѪ£ֻӵеΪʱЩȣƺ󣬸оڵǣ츳Ȼһ㣬оͬ
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ǰȣζҲɿڣһ̸ЦһߺȾƣһʱѪɫ΢䣬һôҪ˹
˸Ͻϥʯϣʼ˹ϢڵѸٵţƽٶȿ˲١
ţֻ΢΢ЦЦڵĹƬ̣ЩѾȫաͲҪһԼһࡣ
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ˣһʮЦ
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һΧЩŮЦ˵ɱˣһƷ̫ǻˡ

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350 
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Сӣ·ѡǡųɢųֵơ
һЦǰĲǹһƷ㣬ǰԭСӣѡ֪ʲôǰʰɣ


352 
ܺãʶʱΪܣǸϷܾЩ죬ˣϷƤ³ɳ㽫һһϷ˵о綾ųʶ̽ȥһԶҩ
ллǰһʵһɵлű㽫һһγǵĴ˵ŰĳɳԼӵеޣԼԼսչֵĹ顭
һ渶˵ţͬʱĹסһҲ©ֻϵȴԽȣǾųҲݲѡ
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СӣղԣϷٽһ飡ųͻȻ˵¶֮ɫһ˵͸¶ļʡ
һһ˿ЦΪ˻Ϊ˵õųϳŵĽҩƽϢ飬һһ˵
һΣ˱㲻ͣĴһĻÿؼ˱ʳ⣬һЦŻش
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ϲųϣմͽܣͬЦ
һǸ׳գһԪӤڵ߾ȻһԪӤڵڵزϷԵųȻڷ˷С
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Ůӵ£ٵĳ¥·ȥ
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ಣһѾǻŮӵǰγɽָŮȵ˵ǽŪȥˣ˵Ҿɱ㡣
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һ˲ʧˣʧǰûֻƬǼɵĵطճ˵ڴʱһ˶䡣
˵˵žѾŨҵɱǻڵŮȻҲ·磬ҲȡɽԳ֡
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Ϊ˭һƷɱˣŮҲȥˣҲǻڵʵս


353 
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˳ЩŮҲ׷׻ڶ¥ɱһš
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ǰôܹҺͷأⲻҵ˸𣿡Ц


354 
ֻҪҲһĹ㣡һ֪
ٺ٣ôҪ滰ʵҸͲ㡣ɱɱ˵ûʲô壬Ϊɱ㣬ֻҪϼ꣬ʱһֻһ㣡ҶɱûʲôȤ⣬ӣ
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һҪ֪ʲôŽһʹ࣡ʶ࣬Ժңٸ鷳´ξҪͷء
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˷ѣʯûˣа̾
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Ʒʯ㵹Ϻ󣬾ųϾȻȡʮƷʯȻֻ΢е㲻ᣬȻʯȫڡ


355 
ǰ̫˷ˣ̲ס˳
˷ѣһ㶼˷ѣ鶴ΪϷһ׷Ŀ꣬ʯʲôųɫһһѾʧԭء
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ҪǰҪԪӤڵ߾ֵĺе˶鶴ڣʱ˿̣ԪӤڵȻ֪ųϻὫԼôá
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ǰŹҰɣ
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ЩƷʱзɽԼָķ¯ȻЩҲмûС
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ΪʮұΪʮ˻ΪһƷĺվǰһƷϡųΪ߽ܡ
ԭһƷųϣհЦȫû뵽Ľ
ͽʽܿҪˣȻ·׼һƷ㡣ųϾȻ¶ͰЦ⡣


356 
ǰҵأǣǲΪʦġ˵пûɵһҪȼˣ򱻺ƼһƷ㣬ǿˡ
˴ųϾֱߵıǰһ·£ʮʮ˻վš
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磬ѪΪʲô֣ţоţôãΨûпѪ£Ȼޱȡ
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磬ˣĹͬͬͬͬͬͬϸֳһĨʥ΢Ц
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֪һԪڵӵݾҪܣһԼɱ֮֮ԲаʦǣȻΪһƷİʦ̫ʥҪһƷʦүλ·°ʦţñѵѪġ


357 
һƷΪɣֻͨĿʯľ¥ʵȴԶԶֹЩ⣬һƷҲ
εĸžųѧϰ֮ЩҲһԪڱرĿһֱΪ֪ʶȴǷȱ
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ʱţת۰ѹȥͬʱҲδֹͣʱ˽Ǿųڵ֮ȫ⣬ʵҲﵽԪӤһ磬ͻԪӤѾԶˡ
ţҲܾųϴڣѡţѡΪ»ûһأǾųҲںǷƺΪʦ
һ㣬ΣյĸоʵԼԽţ䣬ԼҲԶУȻ鶴ȴһֱԼĻһƷ˵ݰˡ
տʼϷ򽫽ռ鶴еĻ棡ͻȻһ죬ųصĶ˵
лӴ鶴ˣż֮ɫȴ˿ɽ¶ˮֻ΢΢ȣǾųĵͷ
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󷨵֣鶴ðȼеĻʱŨԴУĺڶеΪŨ
ʱ鶴ʮҵλãаϥϱһ㱡ţ鶴ð׷ӿˡ
ϷѾú˶ȫγһյĿռ䣬޷ӿططϣųЦ
ܵӿڵаϲųԼΪͽʲôĿģܹлչҪġ
ǰ֪˵ո˴Ļ棬νУЦʵ
ո棬ܹϷ򾭹ʱ䣬Ҳռһ棬ϧ̫ˣЩ棬ϷƷƵķÿװЩ棬ƿţҪҽķȥռ˴Ļ档ų϶ǻ棬ðһ˿⡣
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ųȡһݸʶ̽룬ֻһѾԺУȻ򻹸ųϡ
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ЦˣȴǸûж⾹Ȼ˫Ӯ飬ȻԼΪԼȡ棬ΪĴԽߡ
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ųϳŨҵɱ⣬ηЦǰĪգȻֻңôûеõһôƾΰȥռ֮Ҳ֮ͬСɣҾӵбڵΪȥռ֮ðžһΣա㲻ôңһ֮ˣ
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358 
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359 
ʱһϲ鷢ˣڼ֮Χ£Ƕ˿֮Ȼȫˡ
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ΪͻƣʵֹһﵽԪӤڵʵԪӤڵһսһ
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Ǿǰ֮ںϣļ֮ѾȫˣȻ֮ԵٿոĻ֮ԽԽࡣ
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363 
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а鶴Ļ֮׷ӿУȻ̱ȫգΪתڶ֮С
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ųϼչȻǻ֮ΧʱԵЩ죬ȴûж룬ΪӵбڶԿǻ֮
ʱһһĹȥյĻ֮ԽԽ࣬ڵǿŽѾȭͷҪһֹ鶴ðĻ֮Ҳһһ١
ڣ鶯ĻҲðеΪϡ
պһµʱȥһͬʱ֮С
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˿ڿУ鶴鿴ȻѾû˻棬ǶȻ㣬ųٲ붴еĴ㡣
ųϣɱԩˣУ֮ͻȻʧˣʲôϵһֱڴ鶴㣬Ե»ʧ
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ףųҲģȻҽĻԪһ¯Ҳӽ鶴òһû뵽أа
Ϸղȷʵ³çˣ¡Ϸռ֮ɣųк޵ֱҧȴò˵


364 
ûƿˣôռ֮𣿡Ц
ߣϷк󱸵ģȴҲ࣬˵Ҳ˵ˣִҪϷԣӦúųȿһȻ޵в
Ҳ˼ӹƿȥռ֮𣬶ųʼ׼һϵҩ׼ʲôƵġ
ˮ߾磬˾ųɾŵĻ֮𣬶ֻռһһĻֻ֮¾ųҪ֪ˣƵѪ
֮Ҳģ֪ķ˶Ŵﵽڵĳ̶ȣųѹû뵽ջ֮ʵ
ʱһȥÿռһСƿ棬ųѾ൱ˣֻе죬ôʧô죬ǻ֮ƺһαһСȴûɵڸ
Ԫһ¯ѾȼܵĻ֮ЩֻҪһʯ䣬ϨЩ֮Ȼ٣ȴֻ˾ϡ
ô˻ƵķҲǸ߼ƷЩٶʯ򵽵ģԴ׬ȡʯٶȻҪ
˷ܵ׼Ƹ߼ľܹռ֮𣬾ųҲԳ֣ϧķʮĹǿռǵһ֮𣬲˹ȥԼʷ
ȡٶȣҲϾųʮĽչųÿһðķİٱϡ
û뵽Լռһ֮㽫Ǿųֵͨ죬һ٣ͣռ֮
ôˣųϼ뿪鶴æʵ
̫ˣôƴİռܸ֮øôɣ̾
û٣
ͬʱһѾ޷ˣųϵĶͷð亹Ǳ𿾵ģǱġ
ˣҲ̰ģǾŸˣ־ͨɣÿ˸ʮƿ鵤м߼۾㣬ռ֮𣡡ʨӴſڣʱ׵㶫Ǿ̫Լķˡ
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鵤һƷƣΨо϶ƣȻҲ൱ӡ鵤ĹЧûͨ˷ãкܴļӵӵڷãһļʿԣ졣
ȵҩе죬ҲǴһƷڲ˵ģⵤҩÿܹƿͺܲˣؼƴ˵ҩĲʵѰһƷܵľ鵤ҲͰٶƿ
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ҪϷԴӦ㣡ҪӿռٶȣҪڿһٶȣԸ⣬ͳɽųϴӦȴһ
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ʮƿ鵤ÿƿٿŵҩܼƾǧŵҩǼʹѣ¶ı飬Ҫٵί޳
ڷ˸ȫǹķûһԵģԭȻǿķݡ
ԪӤڵʵӵйԵķҲģرǾųϣϾΪҪ̫߳ࡣ
ô൤ҩ˷ܵ˺УЩҩܹŸ˿ԳΪߣԼԺһͳݵļƻĪĺô
ЩԵķʮҲһʲƸԼѡһ⣬͸ţˡ
˫ɣռٶԽ죬ǻٶȸ죬ֺķһʱ䣬鶴Ҳðһ˿棬Ȼл棬ȴ޷ռ
Ԫһ¯ڵĻ֮Ѿ鶴ĻСΪԪһ¯ڣ֮Ǿѹģֻ߲ܶ͡
ӵĻ棬ֻҪά㹻ԺҪƷڲϾȫ£һƷʵΪһɡ
϶ѻЦаЦ֮ʱûˣʱǲʯˣὫҪľͶ뵽Ԫһ¯ڣ
ȻųϽָ˵һУ鶴ͶʯֻҪάס治ϨͳɣǻԪһ¯ÿ춼βʯ
üֵûˣиƻƻԲҪķѶʵлɱųϣųΪ˻֮꣬Ҳߵ˾ͷ
ˣųŭȵ
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˵꣬һ˲鶴С
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𣡡ųŭһϺڵʵȻڵΪԿģûüʹ棬ý˿Ȼ䣬ĹסԼ塣


365 
ಣ
ųӲĽ鶴а𣬿һ˵ųҲ𾪣ѵӵбԵʣȻû
ųϣ㵽ôӣһƷ𣡡
ľųɱ֣Ϊ£ųϲɱɱеʱ䡣
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츳ѾﵽںڵľųҲʲѣеܹװ˵ĽָҲǾųڱصõķ
ΰɣָȫΣҲ֮õɾͺˡЦ˵һҲûкµ飬ǻԪһ¯¶һ˿⡣
Ԫһ¯ҪܹŪ֣ԺͿԼƸ߼뵤ҩˡа롣
СӹȻЩӲͷĽָ»֮ôϷֱӽˣ㻹Ϸ죡ųʹ⣬һ֮ռϣͽֱߵȼľ鵤
Сб֮壬ܹƳ鵤ºԴﵽоȫԡϼ˵
ųϵ㣬ǻ۹ˣһųԴﵽоȫԣƨ
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Ԫһ¯ڶռ䣡ų˷ܵ
һ̿ųץס˲Ƶ˻Ԫһ¯ԡ
סĽļգϷģ¸£
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Ԫһ¯㣬ÿ㼸ǷյģȻµȴǼԺԲֻҪһ˿΢磬֮㲻Ϩ
ڵڶУ²㶼л֮ԵڶĻΪǿ󣬶Ԫһ¯ڵ¯ȴǿκ
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ܣ˵ʮ죬һʱҲñˣôܻᵤأ˳ϳ
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ɴ⣬ߣǷһǸ⡣ųƺ뵽ʲôֲĸоȴ˵Ϊʲô
չţ¯ڵڱյĲˣĻμУ̫Ͼ¯˻۽𾦣аЦ
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ǲڴ˴µҪʱܹﵽڵʵڱ¯оãЦˡ
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үүأүүûôףЦ
ͬʱ
Ȼûųüšһ֣еľѾԸӣͬƵġ
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ѽҳȥҵȣѾˣѽҵüëûˡųϣ㣬кðɣǧҪٶҩˣ̫֮ҲˣҪˡ


366 
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޷ˣ񰡣ȾҰɣ˵仰ϥ
ʯ鵤һܹķʮ죬μпƳɵųϿϲ
ҲһʹϧʧԼֱԪһ¯ڡ
ѾѾΣ̫ˣҪ꣬ҲҪ˰ɣаЦץ
ʮȥˣ۵ĹǺ˷ܵĶŻԪһ¯ɵ֡
ȻԪһ¯ȴֻлȼҩӰӶû֣˵ɵˡ
ĿҪˡװˣǾֱӷŭˣķ˶ྫôʼ޷أ
һҪ
ˣѾû˻ͷ·ȥ֮ǰһоȫùųϾٶһѣϺγ
ۣ̫Ҹˣˣ⼸ǴĸͷƵģȻֱˡ
ֹһ£ڵĽѾƵΪӤˣʱֵҪͷͻȻжϡ
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ųϷŭһǻԪһ¯ϣȻһ߳󣬾ų̽¯ӷˣֻȴѾŭɽߡ
ؼʱ̣ͻȻжϣҲŭˣҪ֮ڽȫˣǿȥɣ
һݣɢɫĻ棬ֱ˸գһֻ֮УһֱֻͨɫĻɹȥ
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¶ԽԽߣ¯ȴȫס޷ȴò棬жԴƾڲҲ֧Ų˶á
֮⣬Ǳ붴װ֮ĵط֮ﵽ£İ滹Ҫǿϲ١


367 
⼸ϼһôӡģΪʲô涼ղȱڣҿ
𰵽泯ǻԪһ¯ȱڳȥȴЧ΢
ǰɣѵҪҲɣ¯ӣ÷ɽ¯ӣȴֻܹһ΢Сĺۼ
ʮ죬ȻûԴˣ¯ڣҩ޷ݳ޷ĵ
ĵ߰˰ʱץˣǿ󹦷ư棬ͼȱڣȻ޷
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ʣ޼ʱŵһɽζ屻¿ζʱȱıƾ¯Ҫȥʵ̫ˡ
ʱΣͷͷѾ飬ȱˮĸоʹˮϵϵȴֻǱˮн˲䱻ڻ
ð̵¯ʱԺͻȻӿһ쿪뷨ֻˣǻУСˣ
ʱѾû̫ʱ˼ˣԪһ¯ѾﵽһȻ֮Ҫֲ¶ȣԪһ¯Իһǿ
ֱԻֱ֮գԪһ¯ǻ֮ȴ¶ȴѾﵽ¡
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һģ˫ڱ˸ܽӴɫֱţȻһӴڱڣֱڱڵĳ¶ȡ
ʹĵʹȵӤʱܣ
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ΧİɫѾԽԽ΢ֻܹǿסԼһҵʹС
ΣֻҪͷӾҪƴף
ĺڵһԪͬʱתַߣйı˫ִѭ

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˻Ԫһ¯ķ޷綨ϾϹʱķųϵΪʼ޷˷ѪͽԪһ¯С
֮Ȼܹɻ֮ĻԪһ¯ܹȥҲⷨκˣųҲ޷ӵд˱
ˣĵɽˮ֮ʱˣ
ϵģѾ޷ǿİ棬Ѹٵ½һΣڵʽչȥֲƬ̣֮ͷų
ܹ֮Լ⵹Ǽֵûɵ顣
ֻʣΨһһ·ǲУҾˣ
ɫ԰׵ĺѪɫջ˫֣ʱѾֻʣ¹ͷȥǺˡ
Ѫⷨ˫ѾѪɫ˲ϥſڱŨŨĽɫѪҺ
յѪĿھĬţͻȻֳһâѪɵĹâЩâĽ¯ڸǡ
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ʱⷨڲʱ޷ΣգԱĶˡ
ƴˣ
˫ȭȻ壬һ촫еѪǿûֹͣ˹УͼƳȫѪҺԪһ¯
һѪҺʱʶģУʶͻȻĳ΢ķӦƺйʶղԼʶγ˹
ѵ𣿡
һĪͻȻʶ
İҿ϶δһϲΪ֮һ
ҲǣҪˣںҲˡΪɲô򵥵ģһŵŮ
ѵԪһ¯ںԼ˵д󾪣û뵽ⷨȻܹӵʶǴ˵ſֵܳ顣


368 
Ԫһ¯ȻǳƷӵʶʥ
ϲٴһѪҺʶģ֮ʱһ仰ҪˣˣҾ£Ϊɣ
ǸʱݵȫѪһϣܹһոԪһ¯
Ȼʵ̫ĵȥ˻Ԫһ¯С
Ԫһ¯ΪȻӵػʶڻ֮˫£ʶҲԴӳ˯ѹ
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һɫѪҺʱʶѾĬΪˣû뵽ȻױȫѪҺʱʶҲòƵǿ
ΪȻֻԪӤڣѪҺ̺ϵѪ˵ʶҲȲΪ
˿̣Ԫһ¯ڲһȦẠ̇ˮ¯ڵ¶Ѿ½˲֪ȣ򾲾ڿС
ǿΪˣʶڣܵѪָоʱͻȻϲ֮С
ʵʱǿ츳ʵǺõĲ񻰣ǽɫѪҺʶʱҲ޷ͣȴѪҺԲͬѰ
һûôܣ
ѩ֩ͻȻڶ˳ȵĴΧԪһ¯ںѩ֩㱻ˣɢȥѩ֩ſԳ֡
ˣû°ɣң
ѩ֩뿴ȫ˺ۣر˫ֻ֣ʣ¹ͷвɸеĪıˡ
ڴʱͻȻŨŨĽɫѪ
˵Ѫѩ֩аԪһ¯Ѿոɹв΢ġ
ЩѪڿתţڹ룬ЩѪҺڻص֮УɫѸٵĻָѪɫ
ѩ֩뾪ϲǣ˫־Ȼ³Ƥ⣬彥¯׷ȥ
ξȻû漣е漣ѩ֩а̾ػߡ
ǺǣãѪҺȻôǿҸоԼԻûˡʶϲ
ಣ
һѤõİУѩ֩һ³һâ廤סȻĶǿеİ
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Ů˷ܵ˵ţԭתȦ˫ֲϵԼţƺ൱Լȴûоӣ޷Լĳࡣ
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С֩룬Ư𣿡ŮЦɰģ
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369 
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ֿԼ̼ˣæҵڵɱϾֻжֻ֣ǵס棬ס档
Ц˵ںŮӣʱӵԵÿɰޱȡ
ˣ滵ˣҪˣ鱳ת˵
ⲻǽγɳ𣿼סˣԺһҪ֮߳ģ´һȡ·㴩ڣҪˣ㺦棬͸ϿԶһ㣡Ц
һԼԪһ¯ʶôẦǻ֮أֻʶȴ壡
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370 
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ಣһɫӰ̴ڶݳǰѸٵķȥŭϷԲŹġ
ԪӤٶȱȱ죬ĵڶԪӤٶȸ죬˲㵲סϵԪӤ
սɣӣ·ӣͶǾǵֱ
־壬ޱȵĿ־壬ϵԪӤɫɷףΧסһ鴫ʯ
ڶԪӤԴǻ֮תģֻԪӤڣҪȴһԪӤܺ͡
һսŷֵԪӤĹѾԪӤڵߣϲǽޣͽɱˡ
ಣ
һԪӤֱڶԪӤΪһ壬˲Ϣ֮䣬˫ԪӤѾڣѾεץסϵԪӤ
ϵԪӤϾֵģʵУ׼ʱһ


374 
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ȻɵͷϵԪӤȻѡԱڵͷǵģȻһ
ЦϷɣʵڽ˼ϵԪӤ
ҪɱҵԪӤ㣬һ
ϵԪӤ˵һȴԮ
ϱ޷䣬ԪӤܸÿԶɣ
а룬һץ϶ܵĴ㵽С
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ʯʱһƷ̵֪Ϣͬʱ˵ظ
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ǰȾң
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Աϵ˼ת۱֮࣬˲Ƶͬʱ֪ɣ̺ԥԱ
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375 
ǶԪӤһƷϵԪӤǿ־壬ȴ룬ϵԪӤ᲻Լġ
ȻĵڶԪӤܱߣԪӤ߸жֻܹ¶顣
ĵڶԪӤĿűһԪӤϵԪӤǶԪӤڵſʼĵڶԪӤ
УΪĵڶԪӤڿķȻӴ˲١
ǶȾңȾңһϣɱȻҲҵ³ϵԪӤʱʵû취ֵģʹԱĻᶼûС
һ仰Ҳ˵ֻǼоƴȡаϣаɣеԽʹ࣬Խġ
ԪӤеĸоϵԪӤ󣬵ŹԼҪ֪߿ǿʳ磬ڵıɱ¾뱻ɱ¾
˲Ķˣﵽȴ֪Ҳԥš
ǸϿԱɣϷãܵĸоϷԱļûУƴеҲֻеĿ־΢٣ַ˵ʹҲƺ˲١
еʧˣԭΪԪӤڵĳϣԼӦ̾ʹﵽͻԪӤڵΪɶԷֱӵжԷ
ԪӤĴ󲿷ԼʼȡʱѾԵ޹ʵɢڿУܹȡϵʮ֮һʵѾǳˡ
֮䣬ħ໥֮ԪӤټ
ȻԪӤʵԽߣʱܹյԽ٣û֪ʲôԭ
ԣ󲿷ħѡɽ𵤣Ϊ𵤾ȫ壬ûʶû֣֮ԪӤӵʶӵе
һŽܹжʵһٿŽҲϵԪӤĿ٣ʤޣԪӤʮ֮һҲǷǳǿġ
һʱϵԪӤѾκʶϽɫֱˣѾﵽ˽Ҫס
ѣҿϵԪӤ󣬿϶Źǣ
ϷҲã磬ҶͻȻϮɱķȻڳʱȡʵڴ򲻹У϶ƴҲܵʵ
ԪӤʶ潫ĵڶԪӤ͸塣
ڣһ˷ܵĳХϵԪӤһѰɫķĩʱϵԪӤоҪͻˡ
ڵҪﵽʱϸֳһ˿Ц⣬ڵĻһԪĽۼԪӤϡ
ȻͻԪӤȴô˳ϵԪӤ̺ȫպȴͻȻڵȻôһſͻơ
ԪӤߵôܹͻƣ
ˣڷһ⣬ԭڵԼ˹ʱ徹ȻһԪӤͬʱƽ
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ǶԪӤͬʱɽɱĵڶԪӤ
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ǸԪӤߵĹڶԪӤûᣬһɫĻܡ
ųзǿǸԪӤڵһϻܣûͻƷһɴɻܴűѪɳ
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ȭԪӤڵ߲аЦǷ֪емķɽ𣿡
˵ʱʱ죬ɽӴڶԪӤȭʱԪӤڵڿ־ˣͬʱҲˡ
һȭ֮ݺݵǷɽ֮ϣȭͷˣɽȴɡ
⻹û꣬ĵڶԪӤȭͷڻǷɽؿڻȥ

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˲ƣ
һȣǧ֮ʣôԪӤڵ߷Ŵչ˼˲ƣʱԪӤڵñڵأ㶵Ŷ˵
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ಣಣ
Ӱͬʱڼʮ⣬ԪӤڵ߿־ǣȻȳڿС

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䣡
ڶԪӤȭݺݵԪӤߵϡ
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¡
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ǰҲˣ


376 
֪ǿеԪӤ֣Ҳݡ
ȻҪɱңǾľ򣡡ĵڶԪӤЦ
Ȼ˵Ƿȱ廹ֲ
һȭɱһԪӤڵߣԪӤӵĹ죬»ξ
ԪӤɫһĲ԰ףкҩ򣬶һ׼ţ
ҪԱҲֲ˺ã
ԿԱ𣿡
ĵڶԪӤЦ
㲻ǷǱ壿
ϲ㣬ش󣡡ڶԪӤû˵꣬һԪӤҲͬʱʼɶݡ
ԷǳԪӤΪĸҲٶȿ죬ķռ䣬˵磡
һֻȼϽĴһץסԪӤԪӤԱȴָ޷
ǰԸΪһţ
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ڶԪӤٴһһȭѾɽǵԪӤߡ
κڵԪӤ߱屻ɱֻʣԪӤĵڶԪӤץС
ಣ
˷ܵץסԪӤٴηȡ
һڴﵽٽ㡣
䣡
ͻˣ
˫ۣ˸ﵽԪӤڵʵʸʤǰ
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΢΢һЦͻȻ˵ڶԪӤ
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һԪӤﵽԪӤڵʵʵҲӦ΢΢һЦŷɽֱԵڶԪӤ
ڶԪӤͬ΢Цţ幥ʱӭϡ
Ľ⽫ƬĿռ֣һԪͬڿн֯ɫӰѸٵɵϷա
ˣӦöԼһ㣡
ԼԼս˿û飬ڶԪӤȫĶսһһĽڿзѡ
ٶϣȻڶԪӤΪϣԶȻӵнսףһǳ֮ȷս޹˼ɣϧܾ֮
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ڶԪӤڿƴķǳݣѾڶԪӤ˺üӵнսǳ֮ᣬͰ
սڶԪӤȻҲž޴ôģڣҪˣƾԼҲѸ;
սսڶԪӤһƴ󣬷սʢ
ڶԪӤڷˣȫʵʼ뱾ƴʵ
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ಣ
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Ȼսûֹͣһ֮ϺȻð𣬽űǼ֮𣬻滹С
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һѪ٣ȻԼٵģȻзЧӵǳܹ֮Ѹٵ޸ƣ¸ղһ±Ҫɥʧһս
壡
ڵڶԪӤʱа׹һС
ҪԼô𣿡ʵΪ˼Լʵʵҧҧ彫̽뻹С
ڶԪӤҴ⣬֮ðһȦ棬˫֮ǰɫ档
ǿ
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ڶԪӤ˫ȭǵնɫĻֱӽȫȫҵڶԪӤɫǳɡ
ڶԪӤвٵĲ࣡õһԪӤϣ
˳ϥˣڶԪӤѾɱϡ
ڶԪӤҲҲȫС
аˣΧ
˲һԪӤվǵڶԪӤ¡


377 
䵱ܲͨ˫ֻҽ˫ԪӤЦ
һԪӤļлڶԪӤ΢еԲƬ̣˫˲ʵս˸
ڶԪӤϽǿ󣡡
ڶԪӤٴηˣֵķɽֵϽ档
һԪӤںϣͬһַɽһϽɫ棬ڶԪӤڰ
汿ղʲô壬ڣõķһҲǴһƷõ˺ܶ൤ҩлԪһ¯ӵа棬Ƴķһʹʵǲ١
ΪܹսڷɽʹϽ棬ܹסϽķɽ
ɽ缫ΪҪһְҵһΪƸ߼ʦͲûɽܡ
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һѾ˻Ԫһ¯֮⣬һĺϷģȺķĵɡ
ˣоĵ̻ϲĽе
飬ҪԼķɽξ鷳ˡЦ
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ұǻ֮壡»𣡺ˣû¯ӣȻĽңƣƵգ۾Ц
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Ѿƣ֮ȴ¶ϲ΢΢һЦˣƵķɽɣ죬ڿԵѪˣ


378 
ֹƵģȻǼƷЦ
ָһѪֱǷɽ֮С

ɽѪ󣬷׷ڿеǽɫѪӵɽ֮ϣɽͬʱһƬɫĹΡ
ԼʶǷɽͨǰɽʹãֻǿȥ֪
ԼĪƬ̣ɽѪɹѾָɽ
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Сãϲţ˵ʵһôģЦ
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ллŮлȻ֪ʲôҩ裬ʹ͵ģǺö
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ҿɲԽתˣŮͻȻʵ
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ʹ͸ģҲܹҪţֵ
ӣĵػ΢΢һЦţҩ£һ̡
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ʱŮ˫ۣоǣһ̽ŮӾȻ˫ԣɶеľ鵤ġ


379 
Ǵţʱͬ߱˫ʱһѾʧ
˻ϲصĻؼҽ¸߼ˣţΪԵĸı䣬עɽķϲġ
ʦƷӸһƿ鵤̽˺ݳ˺䡣
ಣӰһƾճ֣ų̾ͷ˿е

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ûоųӴܣڿУЦžųϡ
㲻ӣ
ų΢΢һ㶣ʶ̽ȥд󾪣ŶãѾﵽԪӤڵʵѹԼһ㶼š
ʱСɽУϸһʮʮ˻ȫڴˣ˵һƷȺڴˡ
Ӵﻹ֣εºܣȻҪһƷôԪӤӭңһܳң̫ˣ
ЦʮߵҲԪӤʵ󲿷ΪԪӤڣʮ˻ʵԪӤڡ
ʣµİ˴ϣʵ꣬һԪӤڣһ볬ԪӤڼʵ
ﵽԪӤںͻȻǾųʵҲǸ೬ԪӤһԼǿʵδرǱذɡ
ͣٵĶ϶ʱ䣬˴ϣʮ˻ʮͬʱ޵ѸٵС
ֲҪӣɱϣαɣųϳʱѾ׼⼸õĿռơ
лڿǲսӣǴλ˼ʵø㶨⣬һƷǴ͡
ԪӤ
а̿ˮŵȻս̼֮ԪӤҲǹˡ
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һƷһ㶣һһȺˣȻ浥ǲǳս
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ų¶ζЦ⣬ЦԽԽŨȻ޵


380 
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䵹İһȻһûģǼ֮ǰ²ɵ䵥ɽȣҲԼһԪӤȡ
ųϣԸս
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381 
ˣһδε˲ƣÿ˲һΣ֪ɱһݣ־ͻһݡӰΣһδγ
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ھֵͬʱ¶ŭ飬ȻһƷ˵潫ԼԪӤˣѵԪӤô۸
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ˣɢһ˿Ц⣬ԱҾԱҲҪ汳ģ
˵⻰ͬʱĳųϳȥ
ԪӤڵԱ˭ҶԿԿסڿռ䱻ˣһǶͬʱԱһƷ϶ʧء
ǣڴʱ˿ռƣˣһƷպһ⡣
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ʲôôжԪӤ侫еˣɻûüӦһϽɫĻ㽫ԼԪӤȫ֡
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ĵһԪӤѾϥ˫ץסԪӤֱԪӤз֮׾ˡ


382 
ĻᣬյĿռȥ
סܹռ䣡ųϸߺȴԱҳȥ
һռˣԷֹ˲ƽ䣬Ȼôһռ䣬ȴǸ޷赲ռƣһ㣬һƷ¶֪
ǣڵǻҩͰսЩҲʱᱬըȴ˿޹˼ɡһԪӤԪӤԪӤԽΪ뱾֮С
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383 
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384 
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385 
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386 
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387 
Ҫţһ˺󽫺ں޸Լ̵һű㳹ױˣ˲䱩ǣ˱ɱǰ˲Լ
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388 
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Խңζû뵽Լһ˾Ȼȫ·磬ԷÿһԼһ˴Σ֮С

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389 
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391 
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ɱˣԪӤȱ˳˺ôһ˫á
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ɽһϵ˵
ⲻϻ𣿡ǺЦ
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ȻɽʵһԭһԭǵȴԮ
ʶ̽ȥԪӤڣԪӤڣ˸ԪӤڣɽŵճ˵ʵһԪӤڵĽҲһƴ֮
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ã˺ܼǳû취ͽ⣡ҪսҷǣЦһڱؾɽųϵ顣
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ǣԪӤڵһΧɱ߸ԪӤߴһǽޣҲɡɽźϳһ˿ݵ֮ɫ
Цˣû˫ԪӤԼһ߸ԪӤ𣬵ֻܵԼжԪӤڶԪӤ壬а棬мƷɽҪɱЩ˲ѡ
ֻҪֹԱҾܹɱЩһһսӿ
ǾҲͬʱνΧס

ЦһһΣͬʱһ飬һķɽЩԪӤ߲ɫһ㶡
һߣʹ÷ʵ浱Ǻ۸ǲǣһѾŭʵ
ģȴû˿ģͬʵһߣȻҷǾΪ
ãȻʵ壬廹ɽžղɽ·Լûע⣬ǿˡ
ôܣǷˣһԪӤڵҲ
ϻ˵Щļһɣսɣͬʱڵ
ţȴڽһЦȻӵʵʤɣ


392 
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ͬʱܴͨҲѡ˹󣬶ȴ˿޾壬һԪӤڶԪӤ˲ֿ
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393 
ԪӤڵλڽ봦ʱóȻ˲ɱ򣬽ƣңԪӤڵѾΪƽУ˭Ҳ˲ơ
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ɫӰͬʱɽŵȺУɫĽͬʱǣһҽУһͷ­־ıɳȥѪɽǵӡ

ҽڶЩɽŵӵľӢߵҲ𵤺ڵΪ͵ǻڵΪûܵסԪӤڵϮ
գۼĹͬʱٳʮɽŵӱֱɱ
ͬʱڿмĻζһƬƬĻȫצӰɱͬʱɿĽЩ𵤴ɽŵ϶ȡ

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λЩУֳַɽָһ𵤣ѸٵȡеαԣԽ𵤣ԪӤκųԣ
ңȻЩԪӤߵǰһǻðɡ
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ٺ٣ô˺һ˶սƴܲ𣿶ˣĵӵĽ𵤻ʹղĵ죡
аȵЦڵľѾԼȫƿУǸôģ˿ǻġ
ȻתȻȴҹɽŵӻһһɽЩӱȻ㲻Щӻпܻ
ЩԪӤǰļһ޽⣬ɾ⣬ɣȡ𵤣ʵЩԪӤ߲Щͬʱƣʵܻ׾ٵġ
ƣץ񣬼ʮԪӤҧгݵʲôãսУʵҪҪ
ӵǿľʵͬʱӵоǻۣܹʵӵһޡ
ţ࿴Ǹˬĳ֮Ͻˮ಻ƺӷģһʰ
ڵĵطǸа֮ңµĽƣԪӤڵ߸ܺ
ӣ𵤣ԪӤڵʵЩ޵ĺܣȴܱûǿ

ЦһһһΪĵ̱ԴЩԪӤߵȡ𵤡
һĻЩԪӤ߿Ҫˡ
ڣһŭ𣺡ɵϷƴˡ
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ЧǴʱ˿̣ɱԪӤΨһĶӡ
ԼĪԪӤΪǹƥ˹еķɽ֮ŭȥ
ûܣͬʱɽлˣֻҽŭ
ԪӤ屻ֳ˼Σͷų֮ǵԪӤûüܣҲûüԱͱһС
Աɽ
ǣԪӤУԱӵгΪҲ
ߵԪӤֱû֮յʶɢ


394 
׬һԪӤ
λһͬʱһֻֻ֣ԪӤ˺飬ڴͬʱĸֳ⣬ڵĲ䡣
ԪӤڵʶ໥
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ֻʣɽųû˵Ϊɽɽһ´ˮŲСԨԴɽű
ϧɶҪ˻ˮűɵӻû߱õѡ
ȻȴǺʶֻ͵͵ߣǣǼȻ֪Ϣ㹻ǻǡ
λǴ˿̳ߣɽŽ𡣸λɽյĽϣξͰɽһѣֻҪλҶȹѹأԸɽǸøλɽдſɬ
ɽţЦˣҲ֮ˣ֪ǿУҳ̻ɳ֡ǣĶѾǵˣɱҳǿ¾ɽڵĽ֡
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Ŷǰɣ˵ôûʸ
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ȻҪˣЩԪӤڵߵȻʮ㣬һӣ߷ɢӣ϶û취
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һԪӤڵѵ׼һжͬʱˣڳ˵ͬʱԮԼһʵԽԽǿҲð׷ȥ
򲻵ʱɽš
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Ӣ΢΢͸һĨصЦ⣬ЦƳǣɽţǣ֪طɽűȽϣʵôҵȥһһݷá
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ЦǸˬѴ֮ͿɽŻҷ𣬶һԵõǵԪӤ
ɱ
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ԪӤ
һԪӤڶԪӤͬʱ˲Ƴ֣ս֮С
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׷ǶԪӤڵƾԪӤܣϧԪӤٶʵ̫죬ǱΧ
һԪӤ΢΢һЦͻȻʧڿС
ǸԪӤԪӤߵΧʱͻȻоһŻ潫ԼΧסˣлֻ֣̿һ۱㿴Ρ
Ա
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ѣ
ԸԪӤڵߣֱʹǿĻ桪Ͻ档

ϽԪӤڵΪҲֵסһմȾɽŵ壬̱䴫һɽζ
ڻֱڻϽڵļϣǼֱӱΪޡ
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ɽԥն£ɽѾ˱֮ģ㶼û㡣
ֱֱӱնʱɽѾȫϽɫ֡
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Ϊʲô
ɽڻţҪǣԱĿԶûУȻ޷Ա
Ͻ棬ˣɽΪԱ徹Ȼ˲䱻ȫڣֻʣһԪӤϽŭ
գ
ڶԪӤЦں䲻֪ΪΣѾʱһԪӤϣֻҪʱʹá
ȫʬ壬ЩԪӤߵ״ҲΪֲƶǣҪôʬ
һȻµһֱɽץѡ
ɽĴ֮ģټһɽţʱֻʣŵĻʮӣһΪɽŸеϧѡ
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ϣ߰ɣһԪӤڵߴ
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397 
ʱɵͷҲʼô
΢΢ЦţЩΪԪӤڵ໥ԼԲʵֻһԸѡ
ڶԪӤȻֻԪӤڵΪʶȴȱΪǿ󣬼ѾԿȳڵʶЩ˵̸ȴǺô
һɽűɽſ϶ģʧҲСưոݣֻΪԼɵһΧɱɽš
һ϶Լɣô˭ܹ֤ǲԼ鷳أ
ЩȻֻܹСɣĸûмѺأǰϼԼҲԼԶԸ
ʰϺ˵Ļɽ֮˲ߣƳǣǣһɽţ
ƶʱֽɽŵӷ׷ŭǶ֮ҡͷ̾Ϣ˿ܹ̾ɽЩˣҲֻǲʤ֪Ҫٵӡ
ǲ̫ˣѾ˲شۣɽţѵ뽫ǵڻʹ𣿡
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ҲáǲԸ⶯֣ҲھȥƳһˣǻӭңЦвĿʮ㡣
ƳǴǷ糤϶ͷɢ˺飬ھȥ׼ô̵ʱҲм
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λϣɽֶԿɱǵв̽ɽųϺʱֻһսõɲһƴ֮
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Ҳͷߣʵǵһģӵʵ˳߲ûʵǻѪɱ
ͬʱĶԪӤҲûзɾ裬ÿһԪӤڵռǵԪӤ
˽һʱƴɱɱڽСˣΪ˵սѾβĽ׶Ρ
ڻܹվĽʣʮ˲ɽֻʣ¶˶ѣȻʵǿĶˣʣԪӤڵߣԪӤڵĵӡ
սݣգɽʣµĶԪӤͬʱѡԱԪӤһз̫죬ĶԪӤҲǷˣûʱȥֹ
ԪӤһԪӤڣһԪӤڣͬʱըʱһ콫ɽƻըƽˡ
£Źĳʯ˵Ա֮⡣
ըڸһУֱըϽһܹվˡ
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398 
ҪϷҲԱˣ
糤Ͽʱֵ˵
һƳȻһֱռƵһԪӤߵԱ£Ƹڡ
ǣ˴ӵķ糤⣬ȫûƳǻʣ¶ߣȴȫˣܷȥǸ⡣
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㶼ˣԱкãҡͷ̾
ʣƿЦԭֻɽŵ飬ԮͬʱһһңȴǺˡ
زʣ˲ЦԷǣ
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ΣƳǼʧйĸ֣ӵĶҲûȥˡ
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ѡԱƳǵİΣô죿
ϷˣϣϷŵԣҪȥǣϷ޺糤ϿЦ
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΢΢һЦͶȥʧһԪӤڶԪӤŶ˶˺С
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ʱһЦһ޴Ӱǰսȳˡ
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㾹Ȼж壬԰ڶûԪӤôܣսȴ󾪵
Цˣȷ˵ڶûԪӤ
嵥Ϊһ壬Ծ뵤еӵԪӤڵսһԪӤڶԪӤΪԪӤֻǷŴġ
սҲ΢΢Ƭ̣ˣĸ㱾壿

аЦȻȶֲԼı壬㽫һԪӤ˵Լı塣
սоȣòû˵ԪӤҲΪһģԪӤȻ뱾һ޶ʵ̫ˡ
ҺΣҽ񷨾óһңΣսѾֻǸ壬ûˣұƣʹŬʶҲ½ȥȱ㽫ڡ
֮ǰׯ㿴һ߲壬̫Զˡ
б֮壬֮壬츳ģҲսȶĵԵʡ
ȻӦ
ɵӲŻӦҪʧȥһԪӤʵ½һԺҲܶ࣬ԣֻ΢Цҡͷ
ľܾ֪ҿԽ񷨾սȸ˵ȻҲھ񷨾Ҳûʲôá
㲻˵ˣҪҵ壬ŶûСҵԸһʺе֮塣
ЦȵԼޱȣڵյսʵǲʮǧû壬УѾ


399 
ʱ䲻ˣʶסһ壬ռһȥһͬ
˵꣬սȵӰʧˡ
ȻܾóԼ壬սȵĻԼе㶯ˡսǰУȻ𣬾屻ڴ˺С
ңսȵǼΪϸģÿһ죬սȵľԼٶɢͬÿҪ˶ã᳹ʧںУҲζսȵ
սÿûһΣܵӰ죬ĵľǼΪӴģȾʱѾӡ
֮·ûǿֻиǿһ㡣
ӽ絽ڣع˹ȥһʱʵипĶ࣬һ·˳ʵһ̽䡣
û뵽ҾȻǿʳɽ߻ԪӤڣڵʵٿȥһҲ
֮̾·ԽԽǼѣÿһͻƶҪ㹻ĻۣͱڣԼѾԪӤڵߣҪͻƵڣѶȺ֮
ĹѾʮԪӤߵԪӤʵȴûзǳԵͻƣһԪӤԪӤڵһͻƵڶ磬ڶԪӤһ綼ûͻơ
ţŽ𵤣ǽڵʵҪһ𵤣Ҫʱȴ̫ˣڶ˸ոһŽ𵤵ʱѾǶԪӤ
ЩԪӤԽڣܹյıҲԽԽСԪӤߵԪӤıﲻʮ֮һ
յĹУЩԪӤһĪˣֱӻΪޣͼЩʧȴ޷
Щʧĺܹ죬ȻܹϽʧ⼸޷ܵ
һԪӤٶȱȵڶԪӤҪһأһԪӤһԪӤڵԪӤڶԪӤһԪӤڵԪӤ
õڶԪӤԪӤʱһȥˣԼĪ֮ĶԪӤͬʱ˫ۡ
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ܺãﻹвٽ𵤣˳Ҳ
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ڣںڶռУѾﵽľ磬ҪȥģֻҪо˲䵽ϾѪķĿռȻҲ
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ǰɣﵽҲͰˣΪӵ壬ʵǵҲֲ̫˰ɣ
Щ㶵Ŀ飬˵Լ츳ãҲͨ˴Ľ𵤣ԪӤŴﵽڵʵȴֱˡ
ԪӤڵʵ
ȵͬʱҲǰϲԼôٸһĳɳпܳԼ
ˣ
һŮ΢΢ȻȻİ
飬ôˣЦ
ȻͻȻһ˷ܵˣˣˣ̫ˣ
ֱӱһůĽ˽
ࣣ
ˣԽԽÿˣҺأ
һʱ䲻龹Ȼȥ֮ǰ˺ü꣬ôó˲١
ķˣӦʮˡаʶתɳÿ졣
Σ͹ĵطԵ˸ܽӴȻоˣȻȴסţ˰ӣŷſ
ˣҲҪ
ǸİŷԼ˶󣬾Ȼѩ֩˵Ҳ̫ˡ
㣬飿˵˻
ܲ졣
㣬Ѿ𣿡մĻдϲ
ˣҽˣڿ˵ˣӵˡ
͸ŨŨ˷ܣҲܺˡ
̫ˣ
л˼ţҲԽ
òƲܣû˵޿Խˡ
ˣұˣƯ
ѩ֩뻰䣬һ׹֣֩ͻȻͻΪΡ
ۣסˣ黹ǽ࣬ǸŮԣԵŮ


400 
ģЬһװˣȫѩףӨ͸ͷҲǴ׵ġ
ģԵļƷΪԡеģ͹£ôĵط⣬β̣ͦȫһ߳Ů塣
̫ˣ龪Ҳͬʱ˵
ˣȴ˼ƷһŮңŮһƣ΢Цתȥ
ĵڶԪӤ򶪽·ĵһԪӤ̵ݸ飬ЦС룬촩·ɣôƯҷŶ
ȻһЦϸһΣ̴·
ô꣬;߱ԣŮ֮ҲİȻ֮ģղ֮¸ҵĽԼòչǰʵǹġ
ڳˣӵˣҲҪӣһ
аţ·Ȼޱȣּ봿һ壬ҲһĨӰӡ
飬˵˵ôģҵ˽⣬ѩ֩ޣܽˣɻʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ˣ㿴ˣҲˡҲΪԼֻѩ֩룬ԼǴѩ֩룬ֱҽ࣬ҲסԭҸͲѩ֩룬ҵĴмУǴ˵еѩ룬ǰ֮һڲˣ
ﲻݣ˵ⷬסˣ΢΢ͣ˵
ԭô棬ôͷȻǰޡ
ԼΪˣڣţ˿Լľ顣䣬ȷʵкܶԤϵ飬Щ鷢ʱǸ˶ᾪȡ
ϲ㣬Ȼޣ
Ϊ޲İٻ˵޵Ĵ˵
޸İ޲˾Լ֮һ˵ԼҲ޵һ֣ѵǳ
ͬʱЦˣΪϲӵЦӵ
Ҳ飬ĹϵкܶˣЩһ𹲻ѣǱʶѾȫԼˡ
˽ӵЦ⣬ΪˣΪصˡ
ã˲ŷֿ
С飬֪ĴмУǰĳΪ֣ʵŲ֪ڵڼ
΢΢һЦ˵а񣬵λ飬ڶλǴ˵е߲ʷˣҲųƲˣһ޽ɢڵһλΪص壬ų֮ףλҪߡ
󳬼ˣұ壬Ϊ壬Ϊ飡Ц󳬼ޣ˵ɵ츳ҲԶԶԽһˣޣһԼӣһԼޡ
ЦˣȴǶԻ֪ΪʲôǲôϲǸ
ɵˣ׵Ŀ࣬ΪԼתӵе츳˭֪ǰ˱ʲôǡ

΢΢һЦѾ̽һԲͬ룬ϵЦҲԽԽŨ
ĵĸӵˣһΪԼڶΪ񣬵飬ĸ顣
ϲ㣬ӵЦ
Ǻǣϲ㣡ҲЦԼҲò
ȴ΢΢һЦˣǰʮޣȫӵҪ̽ģյ˵ҲԪӤھܹΪΣΪ˵ԵʣҲܹԪӤڵʵתΪࡣңΪĳЩмĸգҵʵĪߵԪӤڡ
ôмոգֱԪӤء
һֱĻˣԼôûôأ
˰˵⣬˼𵤸ţ౸ãһֽ𵤸飬飬𵤶ѾûʲôЧˡ
úŶҺˡЦ
һ֣ûԼپġ
㳬ԪӤڵʵ취ȥ磬㴳Ц
ȻӵнڵʵȴСŮԣ̻
棬忴Ҳ͵Ц
磬Ҫǣҵ֣òã
˵յӰ죬Ըᡣ
ǣʲôԼޣ嶼ˣǣʲôϵ
ಣ
龪ϲЦˣͬʱסֱֵֺ֣ĺϲ£졣
ҸǺЦ
ಣ
ηգǣ飬ڿзš
۾еĽѾΪĩʵﵽ˽𵤺ڣһͻѾԶˡ
ţһŭ˿ȥȣͬﵽ𵤺ڵʵȻ˷ܲѡ
ͻȻգͬʱɫ
Уǣ黺Ʈ䣬һЦš
˭ŮƯǴδ
ţаȴŮȫס
΢΢һ㶣һ˵ĸоӿļ䣬̵飬۹ⲻŮӺƯԼԽͬ


401 
磬ʲô㲻𣿡ţ˵ˣϾϵܺãȻȿĸܡ
ţ쵰Сұ㣡
û˵ѾںᣬҲԵģȻᡣţˣŵţ̺˼
ţͬʱʶ̽ΪȴٴסˣŮӵʵǿȻԪӤڵߡ
˭ѽҲʶ㣬ұңţˡ
磬ҿԽѵǸС𣿡Ц
Цû⣬סпԣˡ
лڲ²ŮӵݣȴΪδҲδԸ²
Ѿţ˲ƹȥס֣ţڶȴ޷
ԪӤڵʵ𵤺ڵʵʵ̫ˣţûж֮ؿһʹȴһŽţ߷ڵء
ȴ˵ģ
Ŀȷ֮ǰǺںﲻһδһΣĶˣҲˣҲˡ
磬Ǹɶôһ˴ţأ
˵Ϊţ
ˣҲԼˣصЦ
˵ԼˣǾԼˣû΢вˬȴȻȵ˵
òƬ̣ţмܲסʱͻȻһӰĳˣǺںֻǺںװ̫ˡ
һӴ˵·ҲͰˣͷϲŻȴԵе㲻ײ࣬Ҳסˣ⻹Ǻں˲ˣﲻġ
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ںȴ㶵飬оѩ֩Ϣȴֲҿ϶
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㣡
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ﲻݣݣȴ˶ŵɫס
ϲŮģţԼҵѪ¡
ݰɣҿЦˡ̲סЦˣΪëôأ
ѩ֩룡ҺãǺЦ


ȵͬݣһ־̾ţں¶ѹֵ棬ţû۸ѩ֩룬ȻԼ¡
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ߣԽڣͻԽΪѣһͻƣʵͻͽҲӺܶꡣû˴޽ѹһϲѡ
𣡡
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402 
ԪӤڵǰڣʵֹһһɫ¹¿ΪֲϷһҪ㻹ԪӤΪʱһ㣡ģϷܵ裬Ϸٱġ
׼ȥȴһֱͻƵ˳ڵʵ
ʵҲúúÿһƾ壬Ķ֡
ȻһҲʵΪԪӤڵʵ򣬿ҲҼԪӤڵʵ׷ٶ
Ҫ֪ƾս׺ԪӤڵΪѾܹһʵﵽԪӤڣһǾԲ׷ġ
һ⣬һһֱ벻ͨ
֪δһƷѵģԼһƷץˣ·һ
Ϸ򲻳һףֱˣıơһа
ڵʵһЦˣɫЦôɲ
ոսڣҵڶԪӤʵӦеһƴǷƴĹĺ˵Цǧ㣬Ҳû뵽һڹͻơ
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׳Ůˣ׸ǣϷ
˵ͬʱһгһƵƤޣƤ޿ǷƵģӼӲ䡣
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һ˵ƤѾݺݵĳŶϳȥ
𣿡
һݺݵĳޣҲҵĳȥÿһޱö˻Ƥ

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һݺݵĺִΪԼѾӵ˳ڵʵþһƷԸԼԼҲˡ
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ಣ
㳯ɽȥ£ȶˣ¶˶ҪˣһͻʵѾɱ⡣

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磡ŮͬеѪ¶һ˿ϲɫԭȻš
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ߣһڣϿǶˣҵĶԹ˶ϣŮ޹أȵ
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ȻǸûֵļһȻвŮ˵ַԸҡҿûӣҶԵУԲŽǶвҡ
վʮ֮⣬ǰԸϾǳڵʵԼ忿̫һɱǿɾͻȻſԶ˲ɱȴǿ϶ġ
ͬٴһѹˣʵһͬѹˣ
ƨϷ㣬ҪǸҲӣϷһ㣡һŭĺ
бȷˣȻ޷ȫȫһսӮҲûӣЦ
һаЦ֪Լոͻưɣ
ʵһǽҲɣ뵽һĴѾĺ£һӣѾ˰סǶ˵ķ
ȴûУ˳ȥ
һɽЦĶһǰǾ˲ɱ
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һҲѧƻˣöˣû͵Ϯ
һ֮ʱѾ˫ץס˶ˡ
ݣ
˵˲ʧһķɽѾ
սǿ
Ȼ֪Ѷȥ
мˣ
һڵΪȾȶȣҲһʱ䣬㹻һˡ
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ѾӵԪӤڵʵսܹӵҲԽԽȻֻˣǵ
һԭҲˣ
Цʵ򲢲ܣеǳָ֮塣
һƺͼҲ˵ٴγɱϡ
ģ㵱㲻ɣ
ȣ÷ɽӭһĹ
йŹ֣
һڵʵҲǰ׻ģ̱ܿɽӲƴ֣סɽԷɽС


403 
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һһֱ֪зɽʵǼƷ֮ģзϲԼɽҲԼˡ
ԪӤڵĽޣżƷɽս׼ϻָǳ֮ᣬһûһս֮
ڿдսٶϸһֻܹƾ趥ķֵһĽ
ʲô棡
ɽʱһɫ΢䣬ԪӤڵ׶Ը
ڵʵҲˣұĵһʱһԪӤ֣԰ƣڶԪӤ֣ڣа
ɱ
һˣϵķʵ̫࣬ս£ԼܹɱҲɱ
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ƣ޵ƣ
޼᲻ݵķɽΪֲĻ棬ǷҲܱ̬ĽսףǿĻָٶȣһоԼͬһ⬣е㲻֪֡
ˣǶŮҲûɱͬߣԼԺǸɱһҪˡ
ϵĻ֮ͻȻʧеļƷɽȴǴ˻֮޼᲻ݵ޼᲻ݵĻ棬Ͻսǳ֮ᣬıҲڵһһϸ¡
ܣ
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΢΢һЦ͵ĳϣмƷɽѾŻ湥һ

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ˣǳ֮ĻָٶҲϲһˣһ޴ķɽٶȳ˵նȥ
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һķɽˣȻӿл棬һγһԼһɣԼɣɼѷ졣
ɽͷѾ˼սƻɽΣһһ㽫ɽͷֱΪ롣
Ȼһ汩ŭˣ㾡û뵽ڶ֮صٶԽԽ죬Ȼˡ
쵰бϷһս
һɽͷɽҲһ
һֱעŴ˴ɷ׷׾ˣԭǸɸ֣зϢƳһɳ˶ԪӤڵĳϡ
ϼ̣ɽǣɽڵ֪ԪӤڵĸȫɽǼ˲ơ
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404 
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ͬʱ߳ɽͷһһݣ֪Ǻˣ
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кγޣһһģϷڴţһ֣Ȼɱ֮
һһǰ˵ı飬ʵһѹˣڵΪܹһȺԪӤڵĸԸĽǰ
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˫һ棬ŭĿӣɽſ֪ɽôģɽЩںС
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405 
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ֵĵطɽŵİΧУȻȴȫˣһΧС
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ѾǶɣȻˣҪôҶԸǣҺȤȥǶɣЦ
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˵һѾɱһ
һüͷ΢壬һͷɽֵĽ
ɽŵ飬һսɣ·ƷɸߺֻҪܹסһĻɽţպɽŵʵԲۺ
һһиΪȣһĹȻȫָΪұ֮ǰҪ٣Լ֮ǰս
˳£һսƽ֮ơ
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˫һʱ·磬̫֮Ҫķˣ䣬ʹϽͻϮֱӽһͷյ˰ߡ
Ҳ˺ۣϾԽսʵǲһġ
ɽΧɱԪӤڵĸֵ֣˫Ĭս˼ʱȻһ
ȴɽڵȴһɱȻһٷƳǣƳɱһȻɽţ
һӵгڵʵѹǳһԪӤϵͷŻϽ棬ĵ൱졣
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һҲ˲ˣȴǱ·ãͷðŽ֮ζǲСıϽ͵ϮĽ
һʵһ㣬ͷᱻϽڻֻѾʱһŸҷִ󹥡
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һʵҲ½һޣҲǿԪӤʵҪǿһ㣬ƴɱڵĵ߰˰ˣҲǿ֮ĩ


406 
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һӦֽ̳ɱϧ˲ƽ֮صٶʵ̫죬һ۴С
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һݺݵĶˣȴûгɽţ̴Ϣĵʵ̫ˣΪ˷ֹٴͻȻðһȡƷʯ
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һָһʱɽʿ֮ʱ
ಣ
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һ˫ۣӶˣѵǸ񲻳ɣôصˣһָܹ
ԪӤڣһٴαʯĸоһסˡ
һ˵仰ͬʱ򶷵˫Ҳȫֹͣ˫Ĭսɱһϣֻмܵˡ
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һңǶٲɽţôҲ˵ǶģЦ
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Ȼȴָͬƣδɽ֮תɽ֮ϵķɽպõסһһ

һʵľ޴󣬾ȻһʮɣȴѾɽ֮ĲӣһѾץɽּ֮еԪӤ
ȫĬȻʱ˿̣һҲŵôסˡ
һ֮䣬ɵɱԪӤڵߣһܹ˳ߵ͵Ϯ

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ſңԱˣɽ֮ΪΨһܹвıԱ
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үСİɣСԭЧɽ֮ĵ


407 
㣬Чң˵ֵĺ䷢һ׹⣬֮ԪӤѾʧ
Ƴ¶ϲʵʵ̫ǿˣǿףҸղľޱӢģֻҲ֮һ֣֮
ɽɱɱԪӤڶ߱ɱǰڵһҲȥֻԪӤΪԪӤˣɱļ
ɽʣµԪӤ߼Ҫˣ׷׽Ͷһ
һͬھУԴҲΪʲôͻȻ֮ӵʵȻȴֻԪӤڵʶ
һëˣĽļգǺˣ˵󣬷ɽУɢǿ񱩣һڳڵʵҪǿ
⵽ô£ڿսǰܹһ𣿡һɻҲ̾ã⣬򲻹ߡ
ܣһĿ
˵һɽٲȻϽɫĻ棬лŽɫ硣
ϽɽУɽĻںϽḺ̌ΪԶ׵ĹģʽһڶԪӤʵһɡ
һ֮ȴ
һɽնϣֻܹὣֵ
ȻʱǵڶԪӤӵжɽϽ棬һûĽһ顣

һ־ˣôȫʵʮɽſһι
һЦڶѾǿʵϽޣݴͣռʱ˺ͣڶһûȫ
һͷһ⣬ǿڿбϽΪޣȴһŵԸӡ
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֪ٲһС۰ǾǺ
ɽսȫޣһűɱĸԪӤڵߣ¶
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·ӣڶԪӤ˵ͬʱֳֶ
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ڣȫʧһŵɫȻȫ޷֪Ρ
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ķԪӤûﵽڵΪοһˣ֪ȴɻ
ô˵жԪӤأͬʱ΢ЦڶԪӤһ
һ൱û뵽ȻвڳڵʶȻԸԼʱŹһĻĻһһ˿ںޣ
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ˣΪһ·׷֪츳ڳˣȴһֱſɱ
һǻ̫ˣĿޣճԪӤڣȴ˲ǵˣĿһȻ̾Ѿ˱֮⣡
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΢΢ЦһսԼʵˣرֶԵеֶΣ¾ǳϺڵľų϶Լ¹˭֣жϣ
һԪӤΧţȻʧ˿УͬʱĵڶԪӤҲѾ˺С
ȻڿУ·бǻ۵â
˫ɱ쳣ң˵ǲҡ
Ƴǵ˿νƴΪǰ֤ûϵķɱļܡ
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ڸǣѹɲһĴ
ƳǵĶԪӤڵסɽŽʣµĶԪӤߣǶԪӤԸɽʣµЩӣԪӤڶԪӤڣڣɱ


408 
ΪֹԱ̵ֲΪҪսˣ
΢΢Цͬʱһ뵽սС
ɽŵԪӤ߳ױ
ƳǶסɽǶ֣ѡ˸ΪʡϮ
ವһ
Ӱͬʱһˣһ൱ͬʱҶ͵Ϯ
һҽУɽԪӤС
ʣµԪӤ߾ֵӣȴ޷쵽ΪֵͬĲ£ʵ̫ˡ
ӣܹӳԶأ
εٴ˲ƣԪӤ߹ϵѡԱ
Ȼ̫ˣϽѾס˲֮ȷŻ棬Ϊ˷ֹԱ
ǣɽԪӤȫ
ЩԪӤڣڵ߻ƴɴͷսʵԼ̫ս˷ʱ䡣
ԪӤɱɽʣ֮ˣڼԱȴֻըԼˡ
ԪӤڣڵģԱ
ȥըԼΧȴţȴɽűԼȥջԪӤ
ԪӤһ߶ԣôûж˾߱ҲûжܹԪӤ
ԪӤţѿסԪӤɢķǳ죬ԣԪӤԴ󲿷ߺ˵ܹһĵҩ
οԪӤ㱻ɱȻڵǾͲͬˣڵԪӤߵԼǰڶԪӤһȫֱɱ
ɽͷӣգ˴սȻڽУɽŵһߵֵһ߷İ
ɱ
ûĿıԶĳɽţԼʵԸһ¾ͻǵİ㡣
ʱڣսˣɽϵɱ֮ɢˣŨŨѪζȴĸѪ˳ֽȻڴʬԣǵȴ͸ŨŨϲá
ڻˣɽţ
΢΢һЦڵƳǣǣҸǵĳŵɽɽǶŵˡ
νĽֻǿͷ֧ƱȻƳȴǴϲ˵һǺεҪɽǿʱؽɽʧأҲʱԹ¡
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ˣҡͷ˼϶ûУôͼûأ
·Ʒ¶һ˿Цľ⣬ǰݺҵԪӤڵôӵоݵͼ˵ݣǴδ뿪ݣֻиʮɽĵͼ⻹лƵġ
˵꣬·Ʒɴӻͳһöݸ
ӹʶ̽Уĵͼ̫ѧˣܶطûϸעֻݵһС֡
һѾͼϵıעԺУ̽򻹸·Ʒɡ
Ҳݹһݵͼ·ƷɵĵͼвͬСȴԶ
֪ʲôطоϸĵͼ𣿡ʵ
Ҳֻʮоϸĵͼ·Ʒ̾
ѵ˵ҪƾݵͼҲҪǿʵԪӤѵܹھȥ𣿡ʱ䲢Ծӵеʵ
·Ʒɵͷ˵ǰͼھڰ֮һ߻ܹӵеģƳǧ꣬ҲŻһСݵͼɽ濴һƬʵΣϵݱɣûһʵûж˿ھȥ硣ݣħߵĴڣʣĸɵ߸Խݣǰأ
ɣ໥֮ɱϣǳڵߣһСĵЩɣһֻб׷ɱĵزԣƳ߶ԼĻΧҲԪӤߵĸԶһ㣬ϧ׷ʧȥټѾˡ
ĹƳǣ·ƷҲʵʵ˵Ļȴˡ
ԭ֮ϵֻӵǿ߻ɣʵݴڷ֮Уӵгߵĵλ֮ɣ֮±ЩСɣƳİɡ
ʦȴӵʵھ֮ľˣʵʦӵʵԽ͸Ѿﵽ˿ǰΪ
·ңԶұΪƾԼʮ֮ɴﵽߵĶ壬ǣڿȻһﵽʵҲеţ̾
Ҳﵽľ磬ֻµԼʸһѾɽˡ
ʵԽȴԽиһҪӿԼʵշɽ硣
˼ţʢ룬ͬȥƳǴϼգҲöݶһ˽⣬ԺŲںҷУҪЩɣҲ÷һ㡣
˳Ǻһ·Ƴǣܹ˱ΪѣҲ˷ܲѣȻҲһָ֣ٲбŵΣˡ


409 
뼸˹ϵٺ󣬶·ƷҲΪϲ˱ɽţɽŵ˿˳۶ˣΪҲȽϺˬ
ƳǺƳǵӭӣǶϲС
ɽŵܲ࣬ռ˳һΪĴɽкĵҲǧˣеӣ˶֮ࡣ
ɴ˿ԿɵʵɽŻǿϲ١
ɽһ̻Ի͵ĹУƳͬʵǿļԪӤڵĳȻй͵ⲻ׼Ϊӷϴ
Ǹ·֣׼ƲˣһЩҲᵽЦ
·Ʒһ㶣ʼնûѣȻЦȴԸӶ׼Ʋˡ
ԪӤڵʵȴǵλ𣬾Ҳһǰ⵹úˣƽơ
׼ʱ˫ԪӤҲЩԪӤɵĲˡ
Ŀ£ȴ΢΢һЦͻȻһ׹⣬ಣ
һȺ˳Ŵ֮Уȴţ࣬Ѫ££ĶԪӤ
Ȼͬ·Ʒ˵ǰ㣬ƳͬЩķڷΪޣΣѹֿɱڵߡ
ĵһԪӤǣ࣬ڶԪӤקŸ첲ţǺѪ¡
ӭλƳŹЦ
ĻպΧһξȳ˺£ţΪ˷ܣһɪģѵһ١
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ţ
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˹ϵȴǼõģС顣
˸ոջ˻ʱȴЦţ֮ǰЩᣬɱ˹ɲˣлֲҾͳְǶԷŰɣ
ţаЦŲʦĳ𣿿Ҫùˡ
ͻȻţ뵽ѪҲŵģɫһ͡
ȻѪȴЦҶѾţ뵣ģҪԸͶԸѪѾԵˡ
ͻȻʲôƵģʵҲзֲѪǰӦûе˵ذɣ
ӦñŵܲڵķֲҲͰٶңǰ·ŵġʵұɢޣκ޶ۣΪ˽޽⣬ԲżţΪǰ£ȡҩʵϣŲ޶ٹֻɱˣѪ»˵
Ŷԭˣ˵ҵİ죬ѹԸҵġţЦսѪµС֡
ƳǶ˴ϲԸŵģ·ƷҲһϲɫ
λȳȥϢ磬ʧˣ˵
ȥɣ˼ɣҲȥǲ䷹ԣ
Цһֵǳȥ֪ͨɣԼԸֵ顣
ҲãɱܵŵвԼҲҪű𣬿νĿһ¡
׼λʦʦ壬ʦĸǰ֪ʦĳţɵǱǷֲԼȴԼ˵ɣ
ƳǼ˵Ǿϲ
ĿռָװˣǺܶ࣬ʦװС
ʦǸ˰˼άעߡ
׹ͬʱ֣ƣǾƷ˯ƣֱӱƾ辫ݳ˺䡣
ʦʦĸʦ壬Ц˵
˿ŷ̻ΧŷﶼɽĸˣɹֶԼЦŴк


410 
ƳǶѾվӭʦɽˣȴɵˡʲôʦΪˣʦʦ壬ʦĸ
ȴ¶ȻĽӭλ
Цţ֪ǿӣҲ飬׷£ͻȻһİƯŮߣɻ
Ϊ˫ܺ˳Ҳ飬˾ϲӡ
ƯҺúƣЦĳ໹ҪԵᣬӵ߹ƾȻס
һ־Ĺøο˵ôƯһŮӣȻѾ࣬ǾϱУѾ϶һ㡣
һѺֱ⣬ŵ顣
ǰţĳҲ˽ˡңżշתͶţ˭˭һѪʦ˵ͽһ㱨ѩޣ
ϵİɢΪʦ岻ݴǣʦԼΪͽܵĿĲǰ
žǰĲ˵ż
Ʒ˼Ҳص˹ȥʱԼԹ֮⣬ȻңȴǼջ֮ԣʱԼĪĴӦˡ
֣صĵͷ˵Ƴǣǰţʦĳˣ˵ɣ
ͻȻӯˮʣµһֱ۲
һųˡ飬ңţ˵ţĽֵӾԷɳ˱ı˲ܣֻҪܹ֮ǰϢϷҲԺЦȪˣ
ģڵȵһ죬ģһΪǱѩ޵ģһ첻Զˣ˫ͬʱסĵȭͷ
̫ˣɱǣһӶԲȥļˣƷۿΣȻѾ˺ͽ⣬Ƕʹļȴĥ
飬ӾԷɳãʦʦĸʦǾڴ˵ȴһΪֻعֻҪ˻ţұȻȡͷ
ĵ˵ɱ⣬˭ʦĳƴҲҪ֮
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һʣƣԶ˵ٿԿ֮⣬ϧɽֵһߡ
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411 
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413 
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414 
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418 
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ÿһν֣ͬʱˣʮɣֻɣȻ۾ʵҪʤһ


421 
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425 
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ӾЩ֮ΧסзԸٴοסʦҪôĥԪӤǾǵı㡣
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ɣ
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433 
һϲĳǰ˳ϣûжܰ˳ϵĽ
䣡ǿĽֱϮϣؿֱ¶һ޴˿ڣȥӶˣͬķɳ
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Ϸһ
ڰ˳ϿǸ˵Ѿʧȥս˵ǱԼɱˡ
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һԪӤѾͻƣһ͵Ĺǰ˳ϣʹȴǶܾ˵Ĵ򷨡
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ĵһԪӤҲܵͻƵľеսԽǿҡ
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ĵһԪӤѾ˼޵һȫʵǿһ
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ڵĽޣı壬ǰ˳ϵʵҲԶΪ˳ȻǳڵΪȻȴǽޣԺпȫĶ֡
һΣͬʱ費£˳Ѿ˲ԱɱҲǺ顣
֮ضһԪӤͬʱͻˣڵҲָ۷塣
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ڶԪӤսƣʱѾﵽˣֻʣ¶ǾųȴҲһԣų϶ϳڵķȻҲԵΪ
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434 
ӣӣųϣɸһս
˵ͬʱıһԪӤ˲׷ŵľųҲûü˼㳯ʹ˲ƣ
ųϣһ´ٸӣɱ㣡
ԶԶĴ˳ȥŵǾųһ
ĵڶԪӤΪģһƷ߷ɴڶӣû˿ɣͬʱж׷ϣ顣
鱾ͬһ򣬼׷ãͷݡ
ıֱ׷ᣬһԪӤ׷顣
ڵڶԪӤһհ˳ϵԪӤһ߳Ƿȥ
ںˣΪ֪͵͵뿪αΪðɶΣա
˲׷ˣȻǸոսΪϳڣղϺڵҲһսοֻͬᡣ
ᾪķԼٶԶԶŵĲĵ飡
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˵ǰŵѾȫԼУһѡ
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үүҰɣ
Էɳ֪˫ʵ࣬ӻĸ죬ֱӣ
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ʱɱ㣡ĵ˵Էɳϲ

ԷɳĲҽУѾֱһץԪӤԳڵΪһԪӤߵԪӤ˵ʵ̫ˡ


435 
㲻˵ɱ𣿡ԷɳԪӤʹ˵
˵ɱԪӤûܹ⣡ԪӤʦ취ĥɣЦ
ˣŸַ׷ݣʵʦϤã
ĵ˽ƽԸеԪӤԼǰʱмĪͬʱҲĸм
һյңԪӤУϱܵĻ֮ţȻӵʶȻ˵
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ôǣʦɣЦ
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뿪Ǻеԥ˲Զɽ̫ɽɽиɽɣжŮˣԼйһҹ顣
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436 
ʮöƷʯһǧöƷʯʮöƷʯʮڱ뽻Ǿͻᱻ״ݻ٣һú׺ݵ˵
Щһɫ¶ɫΪ֮ӵнڵΪҲǻϵΪ
ЩˣʵߵȴֻӵлڵΪߵвۣΪһȻӦ֮
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ţȴǿеջˣЩһͱ˵ƣȻʨӴſڣҪ˶ʯһԻٳǣ
˫߸ϹΧۣһṦѾۼˣһŵĵӣ
ռݴɽҵӵǳأû뵽ӵʵȴĿŶнǧԪӤߣŵʵȴǲ͸ˡҡͷ̾Ϣ
ЩŵӣʵǿҲڶΪĴ󲿷ֻڣа̾ѡ
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437 
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֮ţţˣվڴȵ

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һֵĺЦ֮ųġ
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аԵǣԼŵ˽⣬һƽϣȱֵֵ
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465 
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ĬĬĺʮɣʶ̽˵սа˫ֵıɡ
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ջˣЩڵҲɱԼû뵽ġ

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Уȥ̫죬ûκƿԣ
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ɱ
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Ѫ
Ѫ˲䱻һâ֣ڵѸٵӣҲʹ֮ߡ


466 
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ɱ
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467 

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ػʱҲʼ˺ܿ˹ʶȳ֮š
ɽɫһݣЦţͷһһΣǾûôõˣ
˵ɽ¼߷׷׿ʼдĳˣֱ˳ɾ룬˲һĳɽ¼ٷС
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ŭɽߣ˫ȭͷŭŭ𣺡ϷĲһҪɱΪζ𡣡
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ϣ԰꣡Ǳǿɶĵˣű֤һܹŹǣΣ֮䣬вһʱ嶯˶Էĵڿʼ˲ǧ򲻿뿪ɽһ
ǡвʡ
Υŵ𣿷ģܲˣΪɽ¼ͻȻˣĿѵΪϣҲõһ³


468 
ϵ˵
Ժиʧȥػжʱŵ˼¶һĨЦ⡣
˵뿪úɽ¼Ҳʼˡ
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뿪źһ·ȥа̾ɽ¼ǿƾЩݺУЩơ
ڷһһɽȽ䣬˼һжͻȻһӰѸٵĴԶ
ʱʶԶԶ˺ڵߣױ㷢ԶӰӡ
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Ҳ˵Ԫǿвڡᡯ֮⣬Ϊ塣
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469 
ɽǿ¶־飬Ҳû뵽ΪֻгڵʶȻԼԪǿʮֹ
ҪҰɣ
ɽǿ󾪣Ԫ·ӣʶʵ̫ǿˣѾԼԪȫסˣ޷ܡ
һûԪȥʶռ˰ٷ֮ٵϷ磬ĳɽԪ񸲸Ƕȥ
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缸죬޷ɽǿԪᣬɴһʱһʱҲ
ڣɽǿ벻ʶڿôǿʶЧ
ᣬȻ᲻ˣ;ǸߣɽǿЩˣΪǿʶѹǵصӿԼԪ

ܵԪɣɽǿֵĺ
ܺãʵǺҪʶҪļ䣡Ծͽ󲹵ԪȫˣٺЦ
Ƭ̹ɽǿԪѾȫʶУɵĹУɽǿʶʧЩԺеļҲޱıȡ
۾ߴԭأϲϵı仯ɫɽǿļʱԵе㲨
һӣ뵽ղǵӰһԪ壬ȴɣвɰЦ
һиԵжҲ̫ˣԼոոʶûһóֻܹ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ĵĵȴţжҲǺ⣬Ȼӵɾ̫խСˣҪǿĹȸ塣
꣬ǿķǹǿ壬ֱܹӶԿսḻԲŲˡս񡯵š
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ΪԪʶ⣬ҲɵģȻ٣ȴǺܲġ
ãҪˣ
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Ԫ̺ž츳ߣԪҲ˷ѣԪԪ̺ľ̼ڵԲŷΪ
ϥɢһɫĹâڶԪӤҪôһСӡ
ڶԪӤԪӤڵΪѾڵʵڶԪӤһΪԪӤڣʵ״ﵽʲô̶ȣҲڴš
ڴɽȴϥϵĽâԽԽܱ࣬ߵĳӿ롣
һԺһ֮зƺֹһҲ൱˿ʮ֮⣬Ϊ̫ǿˡ
ڿУȻ⻷ƣͬΡɽһ㣬Ҳ̲סжĤݵĳ嶯
Ӧķѵ˵պΪķ֮ųǿķò˶һԳΪһ𣡡
а˷ܣǩԼʵȻԽǿԼԽСĹҵˣԼҲһ䡣
ڶԪӤȻԪӤڵʵȻԶԶϺڵʵ
̲ס˷ܵĺǿʶΪ̽飬ڵóһۣǾڵڶԪӤʵս˳ϺڵΪ
˵ڵڶԪӤʵֱƷڣӦڵеһս૵˵¶˷ܵɫ
ϲ㣬ʵӵıȱս񻹿죡ɶʱܹػ磡ƣҪȥ壬Һ䵽³Ƶ˵ԼһȽϣʵڲһ㣬֪Ҫòܹطսĳƺš
ȣ˵ʲôйó㡮ս񡯵ֱǰһ³Ϊǿġս񡯣
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ųϿȣʱȾȻﵽ˳ϺڵʵһӵͷۣȥͲöԸ
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471 
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ȵʶ˲ͬʶлһָȻֻ塣
ǰȵıͷۣҲ֮ӵǿսԭ֮һﶼǿҡ
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ųϻͷһԼĪʮ⣬һЦԼ
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һ㶣û뵽ųѾˣ⻰˵ģģǲ˽Լų˿ΪԼ۸
ղţԼɽվţųϴϷɹͻȻĿıɱԼںˣܣѾܾˣȻ˵ô޳ܣ
ųϣǰװղڵĳѵɱ˵仰̫αиŭɱ㣿׼Źģϧ̫ˣˣ˽㣬ȥǼįһɣ
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һ䣬ΣյĹͷʹ÷ٶȡ
һҲżƾųȡһϵз㷨ܹôѵʹͿʹ


475 
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룬˪ƽ촸
ųһȡʮԵǿ󷨱ЩھųƺʱпܶǿĹ
вһЩȻԼļƷɽǿԼЩʱܹӵǸǿ
ٻļɱ˶ᱦѸжϡ
ʱȳɹҲ׷ųڶţЦˣˣʧ
ƾߣȣͿҵİɣ
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롯ڿѸٵĳŴȥȴЦˡ
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βûеȴ˽һӭžųϵ˲ƹ켣ȥ

ųϵķ϶ûбǿս׶ûУڸоʱһѾԵ̫ˡ
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һʹĲҽдӾųϷзɽȴǺֱͣһնųϵķ
ųϵķ˿̸û취ӱܣû취ֵֻܹѪ֮ȥֵԱĻᶼûС
Ľųϵնϣս˫ͬʱðϽɫĻ棬ųϵĶηץסС


476 
һߵķԪӤߵķӵеڱ֮£ɱ൱ԪӤߵıֻܹĴʱ뾫ڱԪӤ
ΪųϵķԪӤ֮壬ŽĶУϽɫİΧ£ųϵķѸٵСֱԪӤС
ԪӤһնΪϣųϵԪӤ൱ڱɱ
һʱվųԪӤžųϱӶݵķЦһչ˲ƣһ׷ĹУһԪӤսս
ԪӤʱų˲ƵͻȻӸ߿е䣬ԪӤ뱾ѪԪӤ󣬱ȻܵԪӤľ޴Ӱ졣
ųֻһ󷭽ĸо޷ƵһŨŨѪԪӤ𣬱ܵķɺܲء
ңþųϿ־ǣʶȻڷ˲УӵзڵΪ˿ȴԿĵٶ˲
ȣʶֱӵ˵˳ϺΪʶ½ʵҲӦ½˲٣Ҳ˵ڵľųǿϺڣȴﲻڵʵ
׷ĺܿ죬˲Ʊ׷˾ųϣʱľųڿ׷Ѿң֪Ӳˡ
ûôǿʶҲųϷмֵģڵǺް취ʶ̫ǿɱųϵԪӤûиųϱʱ䡣
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û˵ֻվھų϶棬֮еɱйþųϲϵĿġ
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ֻǣųԪӤֻʣһΪڶﲻı壬Ҫ֮кã
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ˣҲҪЦ˾
һһһһȡı𡣡ųһ뵽ϽҪвɾʧ롣

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ųϹˣıӰ¶аȵЦ⣬ĽǶԼġ
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ʵɱ˾ų£һüֵΪˣܹȫãֶΪ
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477 
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ļ仰ͻȻɫΪ֮һ䡣
ãǰкΪĸ׷Ŀ϶㣬ңǿ쳷˵Ѿ˲ƶȥ̸ϡ
ʱɽ¼ĶڵŭĸԪȻ𣬵º󣬶˱Ѿ֪
ʹط̽鵽ʱλãķ˲ʱ䡣
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Щֱͨͨݸصģ֮ǰӦУĽˡ
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ڶУѾ϶һʶԶԶΪ򲻿Լ˵׷ƴӴܣ
ãԷзֹʶ̽ķȣʲôʶ̽ķ𣿡
Ѿ޷֪Ƕػľ巽λвżʵ
ǶڵߣԼȾԸһˣҲֻбɱķݡʵĲ೬һûս
ѵ֪ҵ嶼ɵģķ˵ˣ˾ͺһսɣҲӲȿ˵
֪սʵ̫ˣսëǻǳɣǰǧﴦһߴɽǸӣʵӲǾֻжˣЦ
һΣվ䣬ʵϲˣԼԺнһҲá
ߣֻսУΣгɳģԼûɳô졣
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ȷϸ߿գȻߴɽǰС
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ŨĵطҲãħߣҲãһƴռݡ
ڣﷴڴɽǿߣҲý֮ѡ


478 
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ʱѾɽȴɽɽ䣬ǾƵΪһСľͻɱ֮
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֮أ׼˷򣬼ʮζ̾˲ƱɵԵ˷
ѾԤеһɽµӡɽֹδͨߣɱۣ
ŵĿĸɵɽţɽͻȻܲȥ
Ī嶯ҵûסţʶ̽ɽУټɽȴϡ١
ڣɽ֮һߵα֪̽׼̽ȥȴ͵ĸоʶصײһ¡
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ԷɱҲ㹻ʱ䣬ʱѾһִֻסȵļʱ׼ݽС
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ڿ˺ɽɽǻͬʱɻȻֻԪӤڵʶҲֻǳڵʶ
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ų꣬ɽ߸鷳
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ϵĿ־ͻȻʧһ飬˵ʱһָŶˣһߺ޶ƴģݼ֮£ǶػҲоҪƴˡ
΢΢һ㶣ΪҪǰƴȭͷɣҪսսΣ
ҹģ棡úǸȥǴǿϷС˵ΪǩԼԶ˿ͨϵȴȫԷΪٸҲԾ쵽˵ĶԻ


479 
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ģҪǻۣͲһ˳սϢȥֵ֪ܶԼȥˡԺúúøѧϰһıװŭģȴǰ롣
ǳ嶯֮ˣ˲סһ仰˵û֡
ʱ۲ȵɫǲ˵ѣٿǶˣȴֶ˳֮Ǻԣرװ磬ǹŹ
ռҾݣɱҾ֮ռҾ֮أЩʲôĶҰڣݵóѴ˼ƣ뵽

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Ѿ㹻ŭҲܲסˣɿЦ
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Ҫ֪Ϊ޿Ƿǳѵõģ⣬ҪרŵĽ޿ھԼӦĽκһﲻΪޣڳ˵Ρ
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Ϊʲôˣ˵ˣǶһϣһ˲ҵĶ֣
Դ˵Ϊʱ
֮ǰ˵ⷬ¶˻֮Աǣڣ򲻵òĻܶԣе
ԣӦòɱ֮ˣΪڼĽޣΪλӣ޵ɽͻȻ뵽
һűԶԸˣɱܣڶԷҲֽޣҵȶӦòĶ֣սȥֲκαˣɽǻҲ뵽


480 
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ҽаǶǶʲôԹҲܣ̤ɽţҾҪܵףҾͲǸԪԱ
ɵ˵ЦĶŶˣдﵽڵ߶ԪԱǵֻǹҼ
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ԭǰѣҶ˸ݱ֪µĴ׹
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˭ҪǴ·ģүѹˣŮͻȻ¶׶ı顣
вһ㶣ѵ˵ЩŮǰŮͲɣֻɵͼӣ
ϴһ̷ų⣬ǼŮӣ̱ԵЩ١
Ů̴ӦΨհȥ·ٶ죬˲ϢĹ
ҵЩŮľȻֻһۡ澹ȻһƲšаԾȣȴû뿪ǴǼŮӵġ
ĸص㣬ǲˣ˱Ȼ˲ٵĵΡ
ע⵽Ů϶˺ۣеļؿڣеβϻƤޱ޴ĺۼĽɡ
˲ò࣬ɶ
԰ĵһӡʵܲӢſΣ͸һɰмֹ˵ʣϧΪԽԽòˡ
˰壡⼸ŮǺãźǻ𣡡
Ц޵ƺèץһ㣬ôҲ벻Ůӵ塣
ǸֳһصǳЦȻǼˣȴһƬ峺κλ֮⡣
ǼŮӼͬʱΪȰ˧зȣŮӸоܾȡ
˿ŮˣرǿһƲŵŮˣŮ˳Ļԣôк޷Ӧģ˺ǳԾ
ɫԵŮؼƺҪǵ궼һ㣬ڶŶЦλ⼸ŮӲɣλȤϴޣ
ǰ֪Ⱑ⼸Ů˶ǼƷȲˣϣ㵽Ⱥòеȼ֮𣬿Ѿ߸ߵͦ˶֪ھӿѾǼŮŪ԰ѳˡ
벻ţһУŮ˾ҪϣûЦһ۰룺ùûүŲأ
λиľϲںţЦĺԹԵǰƮȥ
΢΢һЦҲߵģҲڿƮǰУǰƮʱȴ̲סȥǼŮӡ
ԼĪ˼ӣΧǶŮӣҶһƲš
ʵѾһ̽鵽˴˴ĲãǰƺҺܸûʣʱŮ˵Ц
λûӣЩŮҲȫҸ˵˽ƷһȾƣλȾܰɣǧҪŮˣǿ˭ޡҲ֪ڵĶЦЦ⡣
һﻹ̫ɫˣȻԴ˸ŮԼÿ򻨴йƬҶմԪŮ֪кθ룡YYͻȻװԼǰˡ


486 
ᣬΪȫŮˣ϶ûʺ壬еֻԼȣҲ֪ѡ˭塣зɿ뵽
ǰһСͣȴýĹڲͬ͸ϸ壬пЩŮӽġ
ſжŮȴͬһ˿ţֻصԭʼĸϵĸо
źŮ࣬ЩŮӳеЦţеڷǺ֮ˡ
檣й͵ȥ׼磬ӭӹԸ
һɫŮӿŤ֫ģĲϽһɴǾ˵˫ܺΰֵĶ˽޾֮С
ƽ̹ĸ֮£ȻһƬķҶպסά˹²λŤʱţҲɶ࿴ۡ
Ůӵװ̫ˣúܲ˼飬еģصʱ޳ģ˵Χȣһ̺Ц⣬˫۾ƺɣܹ㲻Ծı
ɫŮӲ٣ɴʱҲס˺ŮӵܲǴò϶ԡ
ۣ
۾ɳˣԭĿŵıԵЩʱҺͻȻȱӿ
ѪˣȣΪս񣬾ȻһŮԵѪ˵ΪǩԼԶ˼Ը¹ͨ
εһЦһۣ˵ܹһܶûŮ˵ս񣬵ҸǸˡ
ˣŮ΢΢ӣϥȻ˽Уȴһ
ÿңԼԪ֮壬Ǳ֪Լ˵Σˡ
ˣ֪ˣŮӻŵ˺Ȼڵء
ȥ׼磡⽫ǸͷŮӸҴǵúúʰһ
ǣˣŮӲһۣ۹϶ͣһۣȻתȥ
ôֵܣŮӿ԰ɣЦ
ǿԣϧ檣ᵶᰮ飬ȿɲɣȺٺٵЦ
ƣֵ㣬·ҽ㣬кβɣȻЦ˵Ѿ׼ȵ㣬ǾǺɫܺͻơ
ֻǶȻеԲ׼˵˾ӣȴȻȥŮ忴˵˾ӣĿȴԵú峺Ѿﵽ򻨴йƬҶմľ硣
ǰĺ⣬ҾͲòΪѵĽˡȹЦпɲںʲôЬֻҪƯŮˣȥ顣
ֵܣһֵܾУôֵܣпϵĻɫ˵
ЬûȤܲ˼ЦŮֻǺѣʲôȤȻжĺøҲԽ½
Ŷԭֻ˴ŮᣬǺãﴦŮҲв٣еģЦ
󣬶˸Űڹ֮УȻһȽϿķУⷿܺ;Ѿ׼ˣжŮæŰ衣
ʱĵĽʶŷɢȥû뵽һ̽飬зһ
ڲԶļ䣬ȻĳֺƺŮӵĵһһģƺŮںһ㡣
ȻûӣҲŮˣ˵ӦŮ֮İɣ⣬̫ˣԭڹŴҲôŵġ
䷿жĸо˼ġ
һ˰ռôŮӣôʱȥǣЩŮӾͬ֮УįͰ
ûӣЩŮӾ൱ڻعѣЩŮȫߣȻȫ֪Ҳмֱ£ôƵôŮӡ
ºʱʮ˿һŮӺۣ屻ţǱŮ̧Źġ
ȴλӣЦָ˵
ŮӻĵͷߣѾѸȣȺٺЦţˣô
滵ŶŮƺϰȻĹоȻų׾ĺâȻߵģȵĴϡ
ŮϣЦŽ֫§סѾ˷Ӧ߾٣ŮɫԵøˣܵӲĶȻ֪ʲô
⹬еŮˣǿɶǸɲһͻȼյģŮӺһ±㼱ȻĵҲ֮ˣʱԣͻӷһ㡣
ЦŵͷȻǰŵŮӣĽݷӽץʮ꣬ȻܣߣǴŮķϣڽתӣסҪǸҲԹҾɱ磡
ҪĽݷеĸǴʱɽĽ
Ľݷģ¶һ˿Ц⣬ѯʵ


487 
δ˵ֻ̧ͷĽݷĸһͷؿ·պסĲλ沿λȴڲˡ
ſңȥ̺λӣĽݷӲ˵
ͷǼŮ뿪ſĽݷĽݷʱһľȻ̲סֱͨӢݣ峺вɰԾ̾˺Ӣ
ڴ˶ȹ˺ڰʮ£Ľݷδ׵˻ʱҲɺ棬ǴӺζΪûбɱ͡
ŮߵλԱߣϾȻߺˣԥһ£ڹڵӣҿ𣿡
в΢΢ȣŮӦǱǰвǰ̺ԼвɿЦҡҡͷ˵ԱߣнţҪ̺򣡡
ٴξȣеԶԸȻŮɫǲ֪ģװġ
ӽԺãĳ
Цȭ˵
ŮӣٿŮӣͻȻߵŮҪŮҪǿϲ٣веƣ̾˷ѣŸŮӲҪԼ
ӣҳɣҸͻᱻɱ㣡Ľݷ¶˵ɫƺǳĸ硣
ȴǷŮӵĿ£˼вհˣѵ˼ԺͲв
ȫα겻α飬κ壬˻ţȷʵ顣
ðɣֻҪҵƾˣЦ
ǣСŮĽݷԽأĵĸơ
һƣȺŮӱǰ濪ʼмŮ赸
˺ȾƳԲˣȴҲޱȡ
ѾʼԼҪҪ壬ˣΪЩŮΪżȷʵЩĲ̡
ǣ˸иԵˡ
Լɽе׷ɱҪǲʧȥ壬ԼҲ޷ЩŮӡ
뵽к˲٣ȻǰĽݷתԼǾ£Ǿһ
ʵиҪԭĽݷȻǷڵΪʵԼǿ󣬶ǰȻԼ⻹ֲѡ
ҲԼĿԣĽݷ˫ݣϧʵؼʱ̸ԼǷ׵߻ħ
ڿŮӶ˼бжˣǶ˫ޣԼģǲǾ൱ڸԼǿʵ
һٷ˶ʱľˮĺžƣ˼һЩ飬رɽô£ΪλЩŮڴˡ
Ľݷ˫ޣţҪˣУҾͽĽԴ㣡У飬ҲҪйܸǱ֪ұѣҾͻɱȫңãܡһŵķһʱ߻ԵҩʱҩڷУʱͻʱʧȥҪǵһΣҪҵһĽݼ塣
ԪΪԼԪǺڵʶȲʵϣûȴ졣װף˷
Ľݷ΢΢һ£ɫˢıĲ԰ޱȣкҪҩˣɱ
뵽˵ΪߣڵΪĽݷиˣԼ֣ҲӦÿɱƷˣοǰӵкڵΪαŪ˸أ
ۿǿܹǺڵɽдսͶˣԼǿԪֱԷڡ
ϧеϦвƣ
ʧȥ󣬵ӷСˣԵЩ
ϣͻȻЦˣЦĺأ֪˶ԷļƲߣԼϵ
ĽݷǰѾʧȥ˺ڵΪ֪Ľݷ᲻ȥɱأ
˼ʱǰĴѵ
֣ҽ㵱ֵܣǧʧȥ֮¸κˣһҪΪֵܱܣ
Ҳյ˴аЦ֪ʲôˣֻ΢΢ĵͷ۾ȴѾ
ʶ̫࣬ĽݷñԼһ
ʱҲǾ㷹
ȻеĲ£ִĽһݺݵвŵĽݷʧɫ嶼΢΢š
λֵܣɫѾ磬λЪϢɣλŮˣҪ񣡡Ц˵ڴĽݷ壬ȻԼʶʱǰ˶ԶԼû˵Ĵڡ
ͻȻЦŶǰǶԪûκͼģҪɱԼǾ͹ֲԼĺˡ
Ҷ˽˿ǲɣŮӸҩȻô˵ʱͻȻ˺ףĽݷһľ롣


488 
ʲô˵ʲôôẦǶˣǿҵľ˰ʸڷϵȴԵЩţΪʲô֪ԼҪĽݷҩ
ˣ޳ܵļˣ㵽ʲô˼ǵĹϵóûõ
ΪĽݷ͸¶ϢŭȴЩ֣ĽݷڵʶԼô޷֪ǵĴأ
ĽݷưͳԻп˵ԼûͨϢȴǰ޻ڡ
ĵ̣˵զ˵飬ĽݷȲϣҲϣֻ΢ͷо÷ǳı
ΪֳΪɵİΣԼα˹͵أԱ˰Ϣٲô衣
֣ǧĻ֪ģܲһֱһݺңߣǲ֪ȻŭģȻС
ҵأаȵЦʶѾ̽ΧĿռ䣬ʶʧȥԪ񣬻оĽݷ
ڰһ㶼ں෴е˼Ľݷʵڵ߲öԸ
䣬ֻ˭ȵʵпһַǳõԤС
˵ҸղŲСģ𣿡
Цǰͬһˡ
ʵڲΪ˵ĽݷйܣƾԼڵʶΪ㵱洫ܹ̽鵽
ΪΣҲܳԼ
뷨ɻѣѵɣ
ǣƯŮãΪ˻ңѵΪһʲôͼɣװյ˵Ѿǳ
Ҳ𻰣ûڻŮϳŶԷֻǸԪ֮壬Ҳ赣ܹԼô
㲻ܲΪƾԪ֮ͿңҺ壬ΪȻɣ㻹ĺϰɣһطԲ̽κ˵Ĵ
ЦԷȻҪԼʶռԼ壬ǻʲô
ɫ䣬ղŻ˵Ҫй¶ԼֻԪ֮ܣ̾˵˳вɽ

Ľݷ͵һϣƴðһŰɫĻ棬ڳһ޴ȱڡ
ʧȥ壬ֻԪ񣬶ԪвԼ
ĽݷŭĶǰЦϿ콫˶ųȥɱԪ𣡡
Ц⣬ȻĽݷˣǸͲҪԼֶ֣Ϊ
ŭɶԪ˵ſڣĽݷЦ췴ɣҾ㣬췴ɣҲһһɱˡ
Ľݷ΢΢һĻԷԪ֮вԼŭˡ
û뵽Ҳн죡ƴҲҪͬھֻʣԪ֮壬ƾʲôвң
ĽݷƽɢŰŨɱ
Ļϲ⣬ȻҴү⣬ˡЦҲе㾯裬ֹԷԪԱ
Ҫɱ㣡
Ľݷ˷ɽ˶ԷԪʵвްɱԷԪ
ס֣ɱңҸĸһŹǣ֪ɽΪʲô˸ҷɣҸĸ׵ΪԳǵҪɱңһҸĸ֪ҪҪҲᱻײÿЦһ仰Ľݷ¶˳֮ɫ
ĽС㣬̫࣬ɱɣʲôɱ˵
ͼӻֻǶƤӣһ仰Ľݷֶ˼ġ
Ľݷʱмìܣɽ֣ĸĸƾǸĶ֡
ɱȴóеɱԼһӶ޳ͷ֮ա
ĽݷվЩѶϣ¶Ȼ֮ɫûɱϵġ
ܺãĽݷҴӦһ飬ֻҪԹԵҺ̷֮뿪ɽԺҲ鷳Σ˱Ҳԣյ
Ľݷһ壬ԼԸģЩһֱԱΪвǿסԼĴŮ֮
ǣӦҪԼֻҪһΣһԼͿԻȥԶ߸߷ɣԶ뿪Ƿ֮ء
Ҫ˵ĽݷŰ˵
ҷģ԰ĻǷģƭ㣬Ҳú޽ָ췢ĵ
ɽ磬ڤڤ֮⡣
߲㷢ģһģ㲻ᱳԣ򣬺ܵԵĳͷ
֮ģȻΪȶڴ˵أĽݷ˲ɱԼ⣬Ҫ취Թ
ãһΪĽݷҧ˵׼ԼȡδҸ
ӿЦû뵽ĽݷԸⲻϧ˴ȡɡ
ĽС㣬ôôίȫиëãɱԪ㲻ͺܿˡʲôҡͷ̾Ϣ


489 
ϧĽݷҲһԾŶ֮ˣ˵ֻܹźҡҡͷ˿Ц
ĽݷϿˣ󣬾ͺ壬Ȼͷȥ㶯Խ죬ұԽ㡣һתìͷֱָˡ
Ľݷԥٷ֮ٵĲɱǰˣϧΪԼɣΪ˸ȫԼȥ
еͬɵ椣û뵽Ȼôɵ簡̾ʵҲ
ڵΣ֮һս
ĽݷһЦεĶ˵λΪҸİȫΪɵİΣұǡʵڶԲˣĽݷǷλģֻ±ţˡһסǵļգĽ죬һڶλķͷ㣬ͷ
ɫ΢΢鶯һ£Ѹ˼ܹŤתǰľơ
ڵߣԼƴԵֵһʱֻ˰Ǽһ
Ԫſͣţ¶յЦ⣬еޱȣ뵽þͻһʱԼõ壬вֿ˻
ͻȻĽݷ˵ĽС㣬㲻Ҫ嶯ɱԪ̾ͻȥģ˴󷨣֪ô߳ȥ
ɫΪ֮һ䣬ŭĽݷ춯֣֮ԼЧԼϣʱ֪Σ
ڰĻ£ŮӵҲ׷¶Ȼ֮ɫûһ˸㷴Ϊ֪ĺǽᵼԼڻҪʮĺ
Ľݷֻԥ˲䣬ϵڱޱȱ䣬һɽѾŷɽָˣȵǵʵ̫ͣȰǸϿ־ܣݹҽ顣
Ҳ㱿ˣ
Ľݷ൱Ȼֻ֪͵סţĽݷʱವһѾʧڿС
ãпռָ
ŭʶ֣ȴȻûзֶ˵ĴڣȴеΧ΢С
ĽݷһɣְǶˣԼлӳ죡
סһ֣Ľݷ¶ˣ󣡡һ̳ΧķƮȥ
ΧдŮӵʵʵڵĴ̼˰ϧû壬㣬ֻܹͶѣ˿ܹϵĸо
УͻȻԼһİ硣
ڸղһ˲䣬˺صĿռ䣬Ǵȳռ֮С
µĿռУһƬɫĺ󣬺Ϊռ䣬˴λŨɽҪ㡣
ΣգϿһɽܣҶпռ֮С
ϾȻ¶֮ɫǰȵǿʶδ˴ǾûκģǣڵֻгڵΪռСĴڡ
˵֣£в΢΢һ㶣ǿʶ̽ź̽ȥвɴ󾪣˴ȻкֵܶĴڣһвߵĴڼ
ȣʲôطôߴڣƵʵԭΪǺĿռ䣬ԼǺˣû뵽ҲߵĴڣԳһ硣
һˮϵԳһ磬ӵǿߣĿռΨһĲͬǣΪˣһƣסǧҪɱ̽⴦ռ䣬ӵвǿߣǿޣޡ
ʱܺƬİ磬ʶ̽ȥͻȻֲԶһСƺߵĴڡ
ǵΪδȫָϿҸطǵĴΣյġɫһ˿
涼ǺΧһСʱֻܹĵ졣
ߣ
̵˵α㳯ǵ췽ȥ̽ĸϡ
˲ǰɽеսʹѪãԣʱΪδܹȫָһطʵָ
ϵڶռеıϧڴ˴Ȼ޷ٻҲ˵Ӻڶ㵽ռ䣬޷ֱ˲ƶͨȻſԽռ䡣
ڶ˳ǵеʱ䣬ԶͻȻ߳֡
ڵߣǲҪʱܿʵвռߵʲôˡ
ȫǿʳ磬ʵԷԷȻ׷ɱǣϿܿȶܣʵָ顣ȵ˵
ʱʶǿܹǰ̽鵽ߵĴڣ̷ˡ
ǣӺƵķ֣Ȼ˷ߵĴڣЩƺһĹ켣Ѳе
ȣңƿЩߣȻȥϡŵ˵
ǿʶ̽£ǿԶߵѲߣǶҪȫĵִǵ죬ȴԲô򵥵ġ
ãԽٽ죬ѲӵԽ࣬ǵΪ޷ǵ̽顣ͻȻͣסΣеƵ˵


490 
ռУоԼʶǿһֹϧǿʶʵȴռκơ
һˣҪִﵺĻǺܴģϧֻзڵʶΧ߲ǷڵģΪҲԣҪͨΧߵķߣе㲻ܰ쵽
뿪ռ䣬ǷڵĽݷһսɣܱڴ˵ҪȫĶࡣȳ˵
ʲôڳȥʱ޷ʹáѪҪǷڵɱ仨ˮ̽ӿ˵вͬȵ۵㡣
ڶԥ֮ʱѾ߿ʼ˵ķɹ
ǣʶͿշУѣȴѾֻܹ·ȥ
뺣ˮǡ
ֱˮУҲֻܹж
˸ոˮײʮϢһڵڶ˸ղͣĵطɵΧƺоʲôİϢȴֲҿ϶
Լ̫࣬Ӧûߡ
Ｘһ۷ƽ˾ĺ棬ȻһĹ켣жȥ
ѾǱ뺣ˮٰտĺˮб⺣ײ֪жȺϺںˮ˷ܵҷ
ˮһ㶼⣬Ȼ뿴ЩϺʱоԼ֪ʶϵֱ׵߸ˡ
ЩѹѹһȺͨϺȻӵһʵȻʵôߣҲʹʵ
ǰһֻϺνʱȻԼһǰ˾ͬ˫ֻž޴ıһ㣬ȥΪ䡣
֮ǰδ뵽⺣ˮл޵Ĵڣʶ̽ȥͻȻֻϺȻǰ˼ޡ
˼ȻУȻ⺣ˮӴǰϺȺֻ˼ޣеˡ
Щ˼޵Ⱥ󣬱˷ܵĳɿ˾Ȼ࣬ŵĽˮƴɢ
ЩϺ⣬в޸Ͳҿˣ׷ɢȥ
ԭЩСޣ֪޵ϺζôŪֻȥųԣζ϶в˴ǰ£ʱԼͺںﲻǿЩͼ޵ڵڵ
Ȼȴ¶һɫҸղűģռ䣬Щ߸ѶԸǻǷɣ
ôܻΣգѵЩ޲ɣİɣʲôΣգǳ˾УЦ
ݣ½ûˮν˺ͻȻԼȻ½ϻҪʣ˿ҪռյҪ㡣
ѾʼںˮѸٵתΧ׷ӿ֮УʵٵĻָС
ȼȰҲֻܹգˮпʼ
˾ڱȽǳˮţЩ޼Ķ׷ױܿˡ
бԣˮˮκԼıϥƣҲԣˮҲܡ
Զʵָ֮󣬱ٴʹѪ
ΪӵķǳѸ٣ʱѾָСĵΪڴ˴ˮʱûκΣա
ҲָȫΪڵĶ˾ڵĽݷҲ˿ؾ£ԶѪʵĽݷڵΪ
ԵþȣʱĽʶźˮɢȥ
Ǻ˵ĹϵʶںʱֹǿһʶȻɵ̽鵽ǧ֮ڵĺ
ʶ̽飬¶˼飬ԭƬԼʵ̫ˡ
ԭ⺣ˮ֮Ҳӵвٷʵĸ֣һвǺڵĸ֣жɽڵǿߡ
ˮ֮һֻͨޣ£ޣǿں֮Ѿ޻ޣ޵ļ
ǰ֮ûʹʶ̽飬һҪԭǾǵıЩǿ߻޸֪Լ̽顣
Ϊﵽһ̶ʱһֱܵԤУеߺ߻ǰжΣյĸоڣڶ·ĺѾв޷׷׸оϷߵĴڡ
ʵָȻڴ˺̽һϧͻȻޱߺʵ̫Σա
ʹʶ̽ʱʱһͨɫľçѾӺֱˮϷٶȿֻһ׹⡣
ǰɫͬʱһͷɫҲʾһƬĺ׳ĿȻǺˮ֮еĶߡ
ǿʳɱ¾Ƭռ߻ǿԴȪ
ڴ˿ռ䣬߲棬ɱ¾ѾΪҳ㷹߲׽ߣҲɱߡ
սӺһֱ쵽գʵǿҲԽΣҲܹߴв޷ݵġ


491 
ǰѲߵߣʵڼƬһǿߣɱ֮ȵ޾ۼһ߲ôֱӾǰĽ
Ҳ쵽Σգʶ̽ȥȴΪʶֻзڣ첻Ƕͷǿޡ
Ҳ˲䣬ˮͻȻԭǷƽ˾ȴΪǶͷ޵ĿУƬĺʼӿ
Ӻ׿ʼС߷׷ܣΧЩͼҲƺ쵽Σյ٣׷׳Զȥ
ߣӦޣӵкڵΪǸǶ֣
ʶĸӦǶ֮͵ĴڣʱԾĽţļͷסʱ׼ˡ
ڵ޺ܿ㵽˾˰֮ڣͻȻͣΣ׺ݵˡ
ƺоʵǿǶڵ޵ȤŲֻŵĶˡ
ף
Щ߾ȻһչжвΪ棬һѵΪʤȯգԲæΧɱ
ɫһֱ㷢϶֣ɫ۾š
󡣬ȷֵǣϽ뿪Ҳɫʶ
ߣ⣬ȷֵģҪ뿪Ҳ㣬ǴһΪһ㲻ɡɫ󡴫
޾ȻȫȵĴڣԭضţʼĹЦֻܹ˵һʵ̫ˣԼڵʶƥʵǾҪԴļһ
ʶͷҪǿ٣Զ˵ĴҲһֲ©ĴĶУڣǶ޶˺ȤɱˣҲͷ޺Ȥ뿴ǻ᲻ɱ
ŶޣЦڴǰԼǰɱϰСϧȣڶС棬ȴĪη塣
ߣʵǾһеĹؼڡڵʵֻǳڣĵˣϧ˼뻹ûȫתûܹȫӦڵĽɫ
ͷ޼ִţƺʱ׼ҪΪսûжǶͷޡ
ڣͷ̸һ飬ǾǼзݣһ˷һ˭˭ǾҪʵᡣ
˭챨ǵɡ
ɫ̧˶ͷ­һݣ˵
Ǹĸߣ
ɫҲʵʾĵһ۰ɫ
ͨˮѵĴ˵ĶУʵû뵽Щ޾Ȼ˵Ļв¶ȵ⡣
ǲΧߣֻͣѵǾͲ߳ں𣿡Ц˵ʱ׼ˣҲ˼ɡ

ⷬȴǶͷЦĻ׷ÿɵӰ
Сӣүү̽ɣĲѵĸĸʦûн̫ЦˣҲ߯ˣҽãɱǣͽץȥūɣɫЦ
һЩһﾹȻ˵ҪץԼū̫ЦˣͻȻ𺣵ĳвٽƺ޽ġ
ѵ˵Щ໥ú󣬷׷׵ūʹòɣ
ɻ󣬲ǶͷޣʵλҶ˵һεִƬЩʵڲ֪λɷΪҶ˽һ
˼ɫЦ
ںףЩʵǿ߿ԻԶԶ࣬һгӡΪˣں޵ǻ£ڿʼѧһԷ²ɱΪū
ʱ·ӿܶʵǿޣޣЩޣ޷ֱڶͷ޵ΧͣסΡ
һ˫ͷʵѾԽ̫̫࣬Ӻ棬ԭЩҲ֯ģɲࡣ
Щ߽˷ΧʱΪ׵Ķ޼ֵŶˡ
رͻȻоԷĿ⣬Ŀ⾹ȻԵЩ
ã㾪ȻȻеūߡ
Ƕͷƺúܺ棬ȻеĲūٻЩūЩԵù
УЩҲӢ˧磬ŮЩ˷׷װǲμͷޣ⻹۽硣
Сӣ㿴߱ǵūãҲΪǵūڵϷҺūһǶ󱨸
ɫ˵һͻȻѸٵСΪһΣҲȥӢһ㲻մߡ
ɫı仯޷׷ױ仯ΣֻȴûмĺÿģһЩūԵ÷ǳͻˣҪһȺ޵Ҫǿ
ϹŵЦ⣬ͬƷλһЦһ㣬ЩҲ׷׶ݡ
ΪӢ¶Ͷֽ£ɱܡ


492 
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ǣ
һοΣİ͹µŮӳɫȥ
ŮӾʱٶȺܿ죬Ҳһͷ㣬ñ㵽ɫߡ

ɫ¶Ц⣬˫ѾǸ߸ĵط޼ɵ֣е߷׷¶Ц⡣
Ů¶һܵı飬ûκ֮УƾǴ֣оȻ૵ĵ
ࣿһǽūۣĳһڵŭȻȴΪʵĲԵЩ޿κΡ
ȣ͸һƾâĿŮ֮ϣȴΪߵĹϵŭ
ʵ˵ȵҲߣȻΪ࣬ǱԴȴޣΪ壬ȻҲޣȫߡ
С˧ңǸ㣬ôɫܻû󣬾ȻǸȥʮòĺˣӦڳŮһö
ߣԱ仯òʱһ㶼ǹ̶Σ߱źܴĹϵǰɫ仯ξͱɫҪƯĶࡣ
еջ𣬵תһ룬Щ߶ôţ⵺ϵǸţһĿūЩޣ˫ɱ¾״̬У˭ǿ˭Ψƾʵ˵
ɫɫЦӵŮҲܹ㣬ƾǸ࣬ȫ˧ò
㣬
ɫᱻ˱òдŭӿЩҲŭˣ׷׶ǰɫһ
ģȻҵ˽׵ĶѵҳūЩ֪ޣڵңԺһҪһسӣҪͷ˹ֺÿа롣
˫֮ƣڴЭ飬Լѡһ˫ùƽ˫ڴĿ
൱ԼѡһūЦôܵ飡Ҳ顣
ҲǶɵ˰ɣ˰塣Ҳվӣźǣΰɣ׳գ
Ц˵һҲûǿ޷
ͬʱŭڵͬʱ֣һ˲䣬ǿѾںˮӡ
ǵţӻģʱǵðεǵƤǵĽӵš
ȵʧӰ٣ȻȴȻںˮдĴ޵ĶС
໣
𣡡
ŭˣͷŭˣ޶ŭˣȻȻŭͷȴȻоȣǶôƾʧ
һʹ˿ռ䷨ߣҪ֣ҲȻǵţٴγʱѸɫ˵
ߣһѾūˡɫŭпǰɫܲá
˫˶ŵ״̬ȴûжΪ˫ʵ࣬һƴɱ˭Ҳֲ˺ãΧռˡ
쿴ʲô¸ɫŭ
͵˭ֻ󡣡
ɫҲŭˣһѾӭǰɾ롣
ͷ׼ޣ޷׷Ծĺˡ
ȴӺռݳʱַǰд͵ķ䡣
׹һʮĳֶȥЩ֮˵Ϊ󲿷ֶӵзڵΪֲ£ȼҲ޷Ը
Ľݷûг֣ЩֵȫǴ˴ū۵ŮˣЩŮΪǿĴﵽ˷ڵΪҲﵽ˳ϺΪ
ڰв£ЩŮΪӵɣȻͬĽݷ飬ſڼӣԣһʼ׺ݵɱУ˺壬Ǿ;Իʹ˲Ƶɱ
Ŵ˴һˣڵȵٴγ֣Ǻʱһں죬˴һѡ
ܵǿĽ˼˾ȼûͣȣǿʶչ˲ơ
ڵʶٶȺѸ٣ڷв˷ֹεĽƣȴǿʶ
ǿʶ£ΧʶƼԱȫԡ
ǣһƬ׹ҫȵνת˲ţƬʧڿС
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ĴŭڸղûĽݷ֣ϧҪɱ˼򵥣ҪȴǷǳѶȡ
Ľݷϲǲΰ룬ΪеˣΪԼ޷ɶеı
һΣڵ˺ڶռС
ʵˣǺҪҵ˺ã֪ٻˡƣҵøϿʵȹڵһء̾
ʵҲƣڵԼΪЩڵߣϺսһ·ΪԼҲ֪ٻˡ


493 
ӿЦʵΨʵܹĿֻбɱ¾ˡ
ಡ
ϵλζıһԪӤ׷׸ţյ͵ϢҲ׷׸˹
һֱߣ˵ʵߵٶǺܱ̬ģϧ߸ÿһζҪԸǿĵˣΨзٵʵпЩǿ߿⡣
ˣͻȻĸоһֱԼĴôҲ벻䣬ûЩԼ治ת
ңţ˵ʵٶȻ̫ˣʵҲܹԼһ洳ϧȥǷĲ£Ψּ˻ᱻɱ
磬ôˣΪʲôһȻ֮ɫ
һ۱㿴ϵ飬вЩġ
ţȷһ㶣е˭
СҶʶȣȹЦ
΢΢һЦսС֣Цû£ҡ
콫ҶйҪ飡ڣʵ̫ǿǵʵ㣬ƺ̫ˣЩݵߣʵﵽϵĸʤǱٵʵ뵽һ취취еĻôǽҪٷǳʹĹ̡
ɫ˵׼̵ʱ˵ʵ
ѾˣǾ̵ķʽЩһսС飬ֹͨսʵ
紳ʵ̱Ļܹʵ˭˻᲻Ըأ
ڿʼ׼һʱڴ˽ѵǶҪóԿ׼һΣǼչֹͨսһҰһطÿÿӭսÿӭһ֮սһҵʵһѸӵġ
˷˵Ҫıսһδν˴ܣȻڽŵ£ˬһ顣
ˣҲʵ£˷׷׵ͷʾͬ
һħѵĻںڶչѵеѵǿ֮ߣĸʵսҪ֡
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˵֮ĴɱԪӤ뱾սǱԲеΪ
ڶԪӤϱһԪӤѹԵƣڶԪӤֻԪӤڵΪʵսȴԶԶ˳ϺڵΪһʹѪԴܷڵߣսڵߡ
ıһԪӤΪֻǴﵽϳΪ˫˫ʹѪҲʹﵽڵΪһԪӤҲͿϺڵһս
ԣĵڶԪӤ뱾壬һԪӤʵʮϣڵڶԪӤľʵɵɱһԪӤ
ıһԪӤͬʱʹѪʵڣȻΪ޵ԵʣϻʵڳϺߵʵ
ڶԪӤȻ˫֣ԵڶԪӤʵҪʹѪͿɵĶԸһԪӤ
ҲʹѪͷ۵ļܣʵɳڵΪ
ȵıĵӰնĵڶԪӤ
ʱĵڶԪӤȻһЦ˫ȭͬʱǰȻǳֿȭӭսĵӰ
һĵڶԪӤ΢΢£ΪȵΪҲﵽ˷ڣһս״̬ˣʵб
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𣡡
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ҲˣĽս״̬󣬹ǣ˫ǿƴɱ˸֮ơ
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494 
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ԽĵڶԪӤܹҲԽԽǿı壬һԪӤͬȵĶ弸޷֮
ѪЧʧսɣӰûѡǼɱˣĵڶԪӤѡ飬ֻ¿Խ˲ɱڴˡ
ȵıȺ壬ΪѪЧļˣȵս½˺ֹһһӮıһԪӤĽ
ıĹĵڶԪӤҲֻ˲ɱǰ壬ȴûء
ϢʹĵڵϣѾȾѪ߰ߵѪ
ս˵սҲѾβڶԪӤһǿսǰЩ˵Եʵ̫ǿˡ
ãţ˺ߺµɵڵϣİȹҲմȾ˿˿Ѫ
ս֮ѵսûҲ飬Ψнǰȫ򵹣ǲӲ
ȣұһԪӤһս
ıһԪӤѪȴǼ飬һҲȵǿս
ȱǸΪսˣ̴ӵ
˫ԣڸղŵƴɱУѾʮ֮˾ţҵѪոսʱ
ʱȻսⲻǶԸΪĿ飬ǶԾƷʵĳ飬ȶǲˡ
ıһԪӤ翿磬£Ʋ°ٸЩϵѪδ̣ȻµսҪˡ
ܺãħѵҪĿǱԪӤʵҪǿԼڶԪӤΪжôǿ뱾壬һԪӤľ̫Ҳһֵ˷ܵ顣
ɱ
𣡡
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һսĵڶԪӤ⣬˼Ҫ۵ѵĵز
սģսջȴǷǳģ໥ѧϰս⣬ֱǰսҲ˻õջ
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⡮ѪһξһϢϵķֻҪսĶ࣬ʹáѪĴָ࣬ٶҲǿ
һºֻҪʱѪӰһʱָһһʱֻ֮Ҫܹ䣬Ѫٴó
һʱܶݣҲȥһ꣬ʱ佫Ǽ磬ȥһ꣬ʵϹȥ֮á
ʱڣ˵ΪǳѸ١ȻѵһֱȥΪĻ£ΪĽиȵġ
˵ĽٶҲһ£ڴﵽĽ״̬
һ죬ԼΪѾһδκͻˣּ֪ѵҲдﵽ͹ڵʱ»ƴѵá
ҲƵǾΪԽԽ
ʱ䣬ңǷڵҲһս֮ΪһԪӤѾ˴
һԪӤŬĽﵽ˳ϺڵΪʹѪֱƷڵΪǽӵмƷɽսԿڵһϸ¡
һԪӤֵԶʤڵߣԽսڵߣȻûһɻʤİգȴԼս
ңϲĻǵڶԪӤǰڶԪӤȻҲͻˡ
ڶԪӤһͻƣǣڶԪӤﵽϳڵΪʱѾﵽ˷ڵΪʹѪԷڵʱڲ֮ء
ĵڶԪӤѾ߱սڵߵʵȻֻҷʵսӵкεսǾδ֪ˡ
ȵʵر죬Ѿﵽ˷ڵΪһ֮ԵıһԪӤȻĵڶԪӤڲʤ֮ء
ĽٶҲȻﵽ˳ڵʵʵս޽ӽڡ
ﵽ˳ϳڵΪţͣԪӤڣںѪ¶ˣʵ˶Ա͵Ŀ
ȵħѵʱˣȻںп
ȥ֮ãҲȥһ֪꣬ǰǷѾҵµ壬֪ĽݷǲǻǸԼ
һʱ䣬߶Բת˲ţԣҴ⡣
ץסȵĸ첲׹һ˺䣬˰Ǽ䷿С
˳ֺͻȻпһˣƺѾķ˺ܾãϲ˻ҳû


495 
΢΢һЦһվԭأʶȴѾСɢȥ
һʶɢȥŷûжı䣬ЩȻ乬С
һ̽鵽˰ԪֻǾȴһŮ˵壬ɰԺЦ
ѵǵôΪԼڲ֣
ңаЦΧ쵽һɽŷ䲼ƵǿڵʵԸоⲼ½֮˵Ϊ
񻷹ΧЦѾȣߵĽοˡ
΢Цǰ˫ͻȻӿֳһɽâȻɫһݣ͵ĳΧǽȥ
һâײǽڣǽ֮ϵĽƽֵ˲䣬㱻âͻƷ
¡
һδСĶڴǽڴǽƲûȫƳһɫĹâƺ¶ס⵹ǽ֮

ȭǽȫǽ˼£ʧ
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ЦһȳǽȥȻȥ
Ҳʱһڹ
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һñиŮӺ
ߵһʱѾʮŮӳֽΧ˹ЩŮһ۾
ǰһ޶ЩŮϾȻŴƣ˵ľڿб¶ţ̲סųѪЩŮϻӣҪɳ˫
кܵЩŮòҲһ㣬˱ǲĿɲһ㣬ԣֻ˼ۣʶٶȽЩ˵ʵ̽һ顣
ǿΪϳڵΪ󲿷ֲԪӤڣЩ˵ʵԴʱ˵ʵڲһ
վסΪ׵һŮýָŶ˵
ΪʲôҪվסʵ¶һ˿صЦ⡣
ʱиԵɧң˷׷ὣʵȴҹάһңȣޱȡ
ôߣ
ǸΪ׵Ůȵ
ϼ
ŭˣһѾŮӷ˲ƶȥ
ȵʵЩŮǰʹ˲ҲνΪǵʵ̫
ŮӲŲæĻӽ˸ȷˣնǰ
ಣ
һ˲䣬ȳŮǰŮӲɷһ֮ɫȻòһʹһֻѾסԼĲӡ
ЦעǰһУʶѾŹɢȥܿĽݷǰӰ٣ٵĳ
һֻסŮӵĲӣŮϵѾɸ߰תΪ־壬ӿ⣬ͻȻԼ˵ôš
㲻ǺţٷԿ
ȱ˵Ůӳȥ˵ЩŮӼֵͬ飬ֲֵͬ飬ͬţסŮӣжʵûаͬġ
үҰɣԸ̺ү
ŮӼԼΣգĵ

ȷŮӣ͹ĲλŮװһߴģȻֻװģȴȻǿȻ
ʱһŭĺԶڻˣ
΢΢һЦͬʱоĽݷҲٵĳ˴
ӰǰһĽݷһǰ
Ľݷһɫսսס˹ؼλһɽĶžȣҲϧ֮ɫ
㾹Ȼ˸Ů壬ôɫ֪βſ㰡
һģ̿Ц
ҲȻǸòľѵŮһϮȹȻסַ飬ɫ粻㷢ŭʱģҲͬСŮһ
ĻһֱȴĻϧ˰֮ãԼԪ֮һʱڶᣬʶ˿֮²뵽ɡ
ɵоɽŲٺڵĸʱֻܹ˻ش˴ȻѰ˸ڵŮӶᡣ
ŮĽݷ⴦ʵǿŮˣ֮٣жתΪŮָоʹ֡
ץôƯŮӣĿȻܵġ
ϧҲӵŮ֮ʱеץĸоΧŮӣе֡桯ε㡣
ӵŮ弸º󣬰Ҳܵ˺ܴӰ죬빬ܹ֮һˣܹԼõĳƽ֮С
ӢʱͻȻо徹Ȼọ̈̄ҲһƬ糺죬ָоȻԿ
ĽݷԵñȽƽѾˣڸұѰԼĸһᴦΣյľ֮С
һͷȻٽжᣬû뵽徹ȻƲסҪ̿־
ڵУŮ
ʼԼһӺȻһŮ壬Ҫǣƺ̫аˣԼõ˵ĳ谮
ְȻɫ糺죬ɺ
ѡԪᣬһ㲻ΥԱԭΪԱתô˵ģŮ˵壬һǻᷢչʲôزǼֲܿ顣


496 
ȣ㿴ǸƯ벻
ȣоа֮ɫ
Ȼ汻Ǿ߱׼Ů壬뵽ǰȻȤȥǺܹ񫣬ܴ̼
ǺȻٶǽСᡯ
оܣЦ˵
ĽݷΪβûߣŪô󶯾
ͻȻ뵽ԼµǲƱƳˣɺɵĴΪôͣû˿Ľ
ȻὫԼʵ¶ڶԷǰӵǿʶαװʲôʶûġ
־ܣᣬȻһĺܲҡȴеƣû⣬ϧӡ
ҪٺϴߣԼҲס
λˣȻ׵ߣΪкܶԼȥҲ֪ɽ¼ˣ
ɣС椣бһսϻ˵
Цڰ˾۸Ů壬ٿԳѿ֮ܡ
Ľݷһỹɣ
һɣԪʼ滺İ룬׼ʱһ
ΣҾͶᣬγǿԪ
ץסλᣬڶζúãȡ塣
Ľݷһֱˣԣԥ˲䣬Ȼӽն
ĽݷڵʵһֱܵǿѹıΪֱܹӵһĽݷ֮ʱ˲һΪ
ıڶԪӤĳֲĽݷ⣬ΪԼҲӵзֻǾöԸߣҪĹ
΢΢ɣЦֻҪӣһҪȻСᡯ
ıԾĺ˼ڶԪӤסĽݷķɽ
ڶԪӤʵӦ˵㲻ʹѪҲܹڵһϸ£һסĽݷĽ
˵ĽڿзһȻƽɫĽݷд󾪣ôҲ벻Ȼӵǿʵ
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ûǴĻ֮ǰ˵ɽж򲻹չֵʵ˵ΪѾȡ˾Ľ
ܺãԽǿʵҲԽǿǺüˡ
аԪ񽥽壬ֻҪȷù¼ϮڰʶǾԲܹԼڵʶȵġ
Ľݷоڿתɫսɽڿγҫ۵ĹâȻǵصĽֱӿĵڶԪӤ
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ŮӴʱҲ֪δʲôڵȴԼоһ˫Ϸʱɫߺ죬徹Ȼ˫ֵ˶±ô
ĵڶԪӤڵΪвٵĲ࣬ƾ轣޵ԵʣԼеķɽȻһս֮
ɱ
һͻȻ˲仮һâסǽâ֮⣬һ
Ľݷ쵽ԷΪԼеķɽȴǷͬ죬һķɽӴ뷨Ľݷѡ˺ɣڿУеķɽֱָ͵Ļӳһ
һղһͬնϣǷڵȫʩΪЧ
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ûѡˣһӭԷ
ɫĽӭĽݷĽ
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Ľݷ˵ǽѾڿײһ
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ҴӲŮͶʲôֶΣóɣս
ᶨ˵ʵĽݷĹ򲻹ҲֺܹܾáΪаڳʹѪ׼ڹؼʱ̲ʹóʱȻɵĻĽݷ
Ǿͱ٣һ֮ҪֵԿѡ
Ľݷ⣬ɫһһ
ȻǳӭУⳡð¶յЦ⣬Ӳƴȥᡯ
һ㣬ϢĻᡣĽݷ
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ĽݷɵеķɽֻԶĽҲûʹֶΣֻ⴫Ľ


497 
Ľݷٶȵļӿ죬ڵĵķǳѸ١
Цˣڵת徭оսʱտе䵽ԶԷĽȻңȴơ
Ƭ֮ĽݷͻȻȻ֮ɫΪƺ޼ճ˵˿̵Ӧһҡ
ȻʵȴǣĽݷоڵ˶ɣԷ򷴶֮ǰĽƸǿˣͲϳ
ڵķԲǷڵĽݷܹ׾ģǰҲ΢΢Ȼôͬûһ㡣
ĽݷǲˣôԽԽأ
аȵЦʱѾһζķأԷһĽĽݷ
ĽݷһֹĸоһߣǶôµ˰˼սһСʱԼ޷ռκơ
עŰĻҲңڶԷֻǷڵߣɺϳڵߣԼлҲ޷ֵԷʵĽ
ãı乥ֶΣ
Ľݷɫһݣʶռŵ£ڷһͻȻһȻʧڿС
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۾峯ǰǰԪѾŮ壬ʱ׼ͻϮԪ壬Ůɫ˲ҰޱȣȥûκѪɫ
һԪ壬ܾܿͻ㲻ҲΪһûʶİ׳ա
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ͻȻתĻӳڿγһɫ֣͵Ľ֮Ŀռˡ
⻹㣬һտӴϿ͵ĳǽɫִȥʵѾǳˣǷڵҲֱӵֵ֮
Ľݷ˲ƺոճ֣ܵ˽ввɴ󺧣û뵽Ȼ֪Լ˲ƹ켣
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Щӵһ㣬Ȼڿб任˹켣Ľݷ˲ʱȻܵĽӴ

Ľݷ³ʱѾԵǱͷȻ罹һ֣ɫԵеȻеķɽҲ˰ĴָСĻڡ
ôܣ
Ľݷνǻʧɫֶɵ
գ
˵ǿеͻȻȫ塣
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칥սף

ĴɺݺݵĵһۣðȻȴû뵽ʶԼǿϡ
Ľݷ΢΢û뵽ղŵͻϮգ㽫ԼŪûˣоΪܹԼ˲Ƶķ
ЦˣʵɱĽݷղŻлģͻϮʹϽ棬ȻǿʶԷռսȫԡ
ĽݷòǽһͻȻǰɣʹóĽ
ƴȫȻ޷ֵ׽Ľݷѹֱƺڵĸ֡
ҲڴʱĽݷˣĽݷͬʱʹ׽ռȫơ
ԭ׽ĽݷΪ˶Ըģʵ̫󣬾ɱĶǿļҳֻһֱ
֣
ĽݷһɽͻķأȻ֮
˷еķɽҲת֮䣬ѾԷķɽС
ۣ
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Ҳû£Ľݷͬʱһ£ղһԴ󣬿ϧȴûκЧѪûһΡ
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ʵղһԶģΪ֤һķԲûжܡ
̫ķˣҵģ
Ҳ޷ͣ˲䣬Ԫ˲壬Ȼȥ
һͷȻ壬ԪԼɰһ
ȻǾ壬Ľݷ̶׼ӳһϰĶж


498 
ȵ¶һ˿ЦûǰĴ㣬Ǹ˾ȻԪȡʶɱΪ
ڷ츳Ԫ񼤶ԸӣԼٶٶ˺ߵٶȡ
ûжջʶƾ֣ڵͱѾԷǵǹƥĳǿ֪ġ
Ԫ֮ڣһ¸µĿЦȻѸٵѰʶ׼ᡯ
ĽݷϳһƬȻ֮ɫ̷ɣǸպ
Ӣݣʱƽͬһˮֻ۾ӿֵȴĽݷ
ΪʲôһҲţ
ĽݷоɵҪ֪ᡯʱ֮ʱʱܹƽ飬˵ʲôأ
쵽ʶڣԪѹһС壬ȻΧʶ
ϾҪʧˣ֪ʲôδ˵ԸռҲԸ
о̫ˬˣ壬һȫϺʵͿѸٵӣΪ츳ϵĳԽҪͻƺڵΪҲʲô¡
ҪҵʶǸ𣿡¶һֳЦ⡣
ӿʼɰ⣬ֱʵ̫ԼʧˣھȻٴδԼ⣬ôԪҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
Լǡӵǿʶǻᱻɵһ뵽ԭðԪ޻ء
ʶ̫Сˣ巢ӲӦеʵ㣬ȻΪǿ߰ɣ
ʶĳʶɶȥһСʶõնܿ챻ɵ
ⲿʶһļ䣬ͻȻĪӿֳ־壬ԭʶȻԼҪǿ
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ҪŹҰɣҪǸңҸĸὫʬεġֵ˵Ϊǿĸĸס
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˵ͬʱǿʶѾԪΧס
ӣΨһͷ
ǣʱʶȰҪǿʮֹ԰ûܹȥһƬǿʶС
ֵӰдͻԪƷֻ˰ʱ㽫Ԫ񳹵ˡ
ʶȰǿ˺ܶ࣬ԾˣʶҲǿѡ

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ԲԲ𡭡Ľݷһ߶ţƺĺܺڵģ
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ĽݷٿʱȻðһ£׷ɵĴۡ
Ľݷû뵽Ȼ˵һ˳۽£һЦȻ󽫷ɽָ粻쵰ģȻ㻹ǲŹöˣҾͺƴƣб¾ɱңҲͽˡ
ͽҪҵŮūһһȻҲ棬ɱˡ뷴ϧûʵ˵
ಣ
ĽݷĻɽֱָŭɱҰɣѡԱҾԲùġ
ˣɱĽݷ
ЦɲҪɱĽݷǽĽݷ֮ɱˡ
һ£ЩŮӷ׷׽׼ĽݷȻȴûĸȥΪĽݷʵЩŮҲĶ֡
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⻹иŮӣ֪淢սûиЩڴеĴ󲿷ǰҡ
һУֻаһˣˣЩŮѾȫеΨһڴ˴һȨҲΧưչ
ڰ壬ЩŮ˼Ҫˮһ޲̱
ùģãοŮͿϴ˴ЩķеŮӡ


499 
ĽߵЩŮӣɰ̿ˮ˵жûŮˣʱʵ̫ˡ

һߵĶŮ̱ŵĹڵء

Ůӵɪɪ˵Ȼġ
ǲҪɱĽݷ
Ц
ЩŮȫסˣһ̲ס˵ǲĶֻ֣ʳֲſԴǸˡ
ٺһЦĽݷ֮ɱЩŮҲô򵥵ģһЦͻȻ
һĲӰŲҽ˲Ϣ֮䣬ЩŮһ¶˼Ȼ˵档
Ľݷһ㶣еļɵ޷˵û뵽ȻȫΪһ֣ԼҲ޷쵽
һʮŮӵѪУҲʮԪӤЩԪӤĿֱӶ˺С
̵ֶΣУһֽе˶סˣĽݷҲװΪҪһɱŮӡ
ѵӪĺ󹬣Ըٵ
Ҳ˵ĽݷͶɣĽݷ㲻Ͷ³һ
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˺ĽݷԱвڵԱǿɲģǺڵҲòɵ
ĽݷˣˣֻǺɵķϣҾ㣡ͻȻЦ˵Ľݷ󾪡
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˫ͻȻŮ˳ȥĽݷ
ԱȣȷĽݷȸղŮӾȻƯر飬û˿ܷȵθڡ
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ĽݷͻȻ˫ֱȭ˫ϥأߵݡ
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ǳԾſŵȣǴ˵еս񰡣ôо˽һɫȵУĳе
װһʵҲ͵ЦˣûŮôأ
һûŮ˵һأȼĽݷ಻ʵĵҲȽֻе㵥ѣȻµԼС檡
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΢΢һЦ˵ʵĽݷԼ濴ϣ⹬Уÿ·ܹǹ¡
ĽݷٿȣͻȻֽ˴ϳһԣǻͦˣԼҲ˰֣ҲĽݷķš
Ľݷֵܿ㣬ųȥ磬ʹӦɣ
һ仰ɱȵı׹öˣĽݷ侲ϸĴȣݻӢʵҲܲǸоеа
٣ֻ̺һˣˣҲԸ̺򣡡ĽݷЩǿ˵
ôԽأ˵̺򵽵ʲô˼ŮС檣
Ľݷʵиֳһ˿ŹֵЦ⡣
Ľݷһ𣬰飬ν̺򣬵Ȼ˯Ӣݣ˵ڣĽݷὫԼһз׸٣ԸĻ
Ⱥ˧㣬Ľݷȴ


500 
ĽݷѰɣûɱͲˣΪ檡Ҫ̺ǾͱҴȥ˵󣬲ٿĽݷ
ѵõûдЦǹ˵ĽݹʹҰɣҲʲôˣ
ʵеܲȵĶˣЦȥ
ȳĽݷĹͻȻһѳץȥ

Ľݷŭһȡ

ЦŶ㿪ĽݷĹȻ׷ȥ
Ľݷԥһ£ǸŶ˵ķȥ
ʶ̽һаŮӷɢڹʵ󶼲ߡ
ߺЩŮҲ׷Сĸ棬ˣЩŮзΪ־塣
аʱЩŮܾ裬ĻᶼûУ˽룬һȺŮܹڶأµ޽һĹС
Ǹǰ׼Խ󷨣ȴеŮ˶Լĺ档
ȾǣһŮ˵ǣеŮ˶ڵأȻͷ
ֻһеĳ嶯ղɱЩŮӣһСˣžͲˬЩŮȫ򵹣κɱ¾֮ġ
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٣Ⱦǣǰɣ
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һʱ䣬˸ҴɽѾ鲼ߣԾǣɽǶλǿ߾ȻѾʧȥټΧӦǵϢ
ĵӦǳǿߣô뿪ɽѵǲ˰⻹һֵ顣
ţԼ˵ģһ㱻ĵ׷ɱǿɲ档
ʲôˣ챨һȥԵе׶˴ȵ
ȳֵĺܹŹ֣Լ˲кɣһ̽˵Ϊ̫ǿǱ˺ǳ֮ԡ
׶ĺǳĽü΢壬ʶ˲佫һȺ̽һ飬ǿĲǷڵΪֻгϺڡ
ҪأΪҲͳϺڣȻΧȺС
ȷڵΪҲֻü΢࿴˼ۣŭ⣬޲ýΧȫɱ
ʲôˣܲţÿߣɱ⣡ЦȻԷԼ˲ǺαҪǽ
ڵߣʲôʱӱôˣ㣬ȥնɱͷָһڵ˵
ߣų֮²ն֮Ǹ߸ߵ˵¶һ˿ģԷڵΪ۸ԷڣȻԾŰɱ
Ըɣģ֪Ķȷŭĺ׼ȥӭսˡ
㣬۸ʲô˺ѡȥԸǲ֪ļһ΢Ц˵
һȺͬʱŭ׷׺ˣ˵Ŀռ䡣
ʱͻȻһ׹⣬ֱӳ࣬ʱȻ¶ϲ֮ɫ
飬Ǹû㣬ɱ⣡Ц
ֵĺܹ죬Щͬʱɻ
ۣ죬Ÿʲô飬ôƯ椣Ϊ׵Ǹڵ
֮˫ҲеĹʣ飬ˮˣʶ̽ȥֻгڵΪвɸӷɣҪȻֵ
ûκԽԽƯȻһȺߴˮֻȴʵ


501 
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Ϊ͵ʹ˲ƣѰΪǳ׸оԷٶȺȴǴ󾪡
Ϊȷʵֻгڣʶȴﵽ˷ڣʵٴﵽ˷ڣνΪֻǱϵĶ
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֮ɽ֣ſնȥ
ӰͻȻûڿУЦһն֮
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˫ʵĲ࿴ƺԣǳ֮¶Ц⣬˵С椣Ͷ㲻
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鷢һߣͻȻˣûΪ壬һͷģȫѩ׵֩롣
ޣ֮һݴ˴ܹ޿Ǽٵġ
ôޣޣѩ֩а룬ڱرΪֱ˳ϺڣսԿսڵߡ
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ɿԲͬʵв࣬Щ˶Ǿ֮ɽ¼ʱһŭЦЩʵ̫ˣ浱ûи˲ɣ
ھɽ¼ŵѾԶˣԼٹңɽ¼ֻһƺƴĽ֪Ϊʲôɽ¼ʵԽԽǿҲԽԽ࣬һαаڵǰҵƴ֮űסŵĸǣһΣ¾ûôˡ
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ʵݸصĴɽ¼ݵĿıһЦһеһУΪǰˡ
жǿߣȴ֪ݱǸƣŶݵ˽⣬жݵҲһ־η
Ľһμʹﵽ˺ڵΪԼЩ»ᾪΪˣҲ˵ǿɲ⣬ҷɢھݸأƾɽ¼ʵܹʲôΪ
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508 
ҺһȥɣȻ׳־ǰ·գƾʵ񣡡Ľ˵
ѾĽ棬סзִ磬Բµģ
ն˵ȻһۣȻĵͷ
ڳˣֻȷʵٿڵ߶Կӵк䣬ʶԶԶһߣʲôΣգҲڻæҡ
΢΢һЦͻȻ˼磬Цݣļֱ̣ɽ¼֮һ㰫С
ϵĽսʼΪɽ¼ķΣ˲䣬ӱӰѾɽ¼ûʲôˡ
ӵб任ò׾پͿ԰쵽飬ǿʶڸΪԣֻҪΪǿߣǺ׻ɽ¼ġ
ݣһӣ仯ɽеģȻ˵˼仰޷ֱ档
գ¾̾
Ľסˣŷ츳Ǹʱ䷢չһΪɽ̳

һ˲䣬кڵ߷׷ɵˣΪʶһ̽飬ȻӵкڵΪȻ޷ܡ
ȴٴʶֱ˺ڵΪкڵ߶Ŀ࣬޷еˡ
辪ȣڵʵɽ¼ԿĽҵʵ˰ɣģһɱȣҲ˶ɥȪţҲΪ֮ȥҲ
˵ֱգɽ¼ܲȥ
ߺȻʯ֮У˭Ҳû뵽Ȼﵽ˺ڵΪºµǣΪԼŮĹϵֻԼͱɱˡ
ȴǹЦȻ֪ĵϸֻʶǿĿԻסˣʵʵʵҲͺͺڵеһƴ
˵ĿתƵϣ֪ܣȻôߵ֡
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Ц˵оȻԺĸоȻΪԵʡ
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ҲܹͣΪʲôôңԶȴܹϵĲߣÿһεʵ
΢һ£Ǳ仯ɽеģ´ǻʶɢȥ֮ûصɽ¼ߡ
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ȻûԭӵΪźһطһܹǿ
һѾ˲Ƴȥ˲ƺ˵һɽ¼ߡ
С±ϳҰζǿµߣʱҰζʱ¶Ц
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509 
δһľй۲Щɽ¼ߵΪڿǣǸɽںδԼһȥɽУǿɷǳ
˳ԱЩŮӣĿ⵱޷ݣЩŮҲ׷¶־
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ڵ߿лţ˲ȥһŮӱסŮ¶ֻ֮ɫƴš
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ЩŮӶǾ֮񣬽⸽ɽϵߣȴЩɽ¼ŪҲûܹѱˡ
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ϣԸԸ˸ȫڵߴ˵

ͻȻаȵ˵һӣһεĽٵֱĿ꣬һҽУʹסԼ֮ѪѾһأֳĵ顣
ЩŮɪɪţ־г˲š
ϣԲˣһڵȡһ䵶ȻԼĸ
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꣡
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ʱԴͻȻղŵľٶԽɣɽгһֱȥ֮ŮôԼĳͷأһЩ֮Ůʩչ̣ȫб
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һа֮ɫһӣһɫĽ˲նߵԴȻҲĿԲ˫ۣƺ̾ɱԼ
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һ쫷紵˵ʬ壬ȻʬǶѻ棬ȻĽɱ˵ȻҪʬ𼣣ɽ¼޼Ѱ
Ȼɢ棬ǲݵϵѪ˸һɶ
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510 
ǿ뿪ɣ˿ɾҪħצˣЦ˵
Ů㣬ȻٵĳԶȥȻ㲻Ϊʲôɽ¼ĳϻԼˡ
ûбݣȻģӣδܹӵõһٱԷץҲ֪ԼʵݣȻԼڴ˴ˮ㡣
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ŭɽлص˶ãһСֵѸٵĳ󻹸żʵߡ
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ĿӲ㱻һŮ£΢һ£һץסŮ֣׼ɱǸܹˡ
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˵ͻȻŷл裬ɫķĩУһĹ򣬷еŮŮȫ
Ե˫ؼ尾ֲҵЩߵϢǼҲ˲νĺϻɢʱҩЧȻأȻԼҲ޷ڵɧ
ϢԽԽأЩڵĳϴʱ׷׼սЩŮҲִ̼·׷׷
סԼȴɼ£Ψһһ˿ûϵ·ΪðƵģ·˵׾ͻᱻԷԼðƻ
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䣡
Уȴռڣ޷쵽Ҳ֪Щռк֮ҲǸǴȽϽԵʣ䶼޷롣
ŮֵĿڴޱȵĳϣЩ֣˷ӦȴʼղΪƺе㲻ϳ
ЩѾȫ˺״̬Ҳм⵽״
һЦ֣ԽԽˣȻܹ͵ڣֵ
һ̽ӿڵǲ͹ȣ岻ˣ
ûأϵܰ


511 
ߵһŮӱ粵˶ʱЦ
ҲǸеģŮҲΪѽˡ
а룬ؼʱԼֵĺ࣬ͻ˵Ļɣں޷У²롣
뵽͵ĽһŮס˫Ѿʼ֡
ǵŮӣȻûϧ飬³ŮĲɷһʹС
Ůӳʹ֮£ȴְҵգһᡣ
·ͱȥˣҽ뻻·У
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һŮſڴϣ˫ȹŷֿȻȥ·һξߢ˼
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512 
û뵽ǣŮ˴ϹҲ൱˵ãҺܾڣԽǣǷ˷ܡ
ֻ뿪ȴǸ󸽽Ͼʵ̫ˣЩ˵Ĺ򣬶Щ˵Ĺа
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мڵߵ˵
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һʱɽ¼ʮǰӭӺߵ٣С
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˵⼸Щ죬ȴûж˵ʲô
һ룬ڶһ٣ΪһҪ봫ĳϡ
ڲʹõʲôԼվڴϣҲ޷һԭΧкüʮ˫۾Ŵ˴ܹסǣҲԽ⴫
װģϴ˫Щߵƣ΢΢䣬ðһâ
ڵʵҪαװɺɫâЧʵѣһᣬ㱻ɫâǡ
ǣˡ
ȻСʹȻ˿ԼҲûн봫͵״̬ںŨܣΧӵ߲ûпʲôߡ
ʲô
еˣԺŬĻŸղЩ˵ĶɽǻӵеĹɻûܹദôŪ⹦
ѵֻסضɣαԵѵ޷⴫󣿡еˣǿʶĵĲ̽⴫ߵ
ʶ̽ͬʱͻȻˣһڹⷴ塣
ಣ
ʧڴϣûӣǴĹâҲȥʧ
Щڵ߾ɽгϽЩŹ֣Ҳû룬Ͼǳϼĸ֣Ҳ˴
а̾գʱͻȻоΧľɫˡ
һ͵ɽԼɣԼɣɽйʯᾣ˵ͷڶϡ
ȥͷ­û¶Ȼ֮ɫǻصԼλãվһλϡ
ͻȻɽºתʵгϲ˵ȥߵĶ֪Ϊôͷˣ̽ʲôõ鱨
ҲɫЩɻΪоɽеŹ֣㱻һƵģȻ˳Ĭ
ң봫Ṿ漸䣬ȴĬ˷ǳӦ
֪ԼıֱԷˣⲢӣ̾ˣ£ҾջǸɣΧ˸ֲ˵ƵǣȻкڵߡǱһʱ㱻Ǹڵ̽鵽ˡʱֻ뽫鱨أƴӣӵıȽǱĺܲˬ´νʱһҪ֪ɽ¼


513 
ɽºʳ仰ʱѾɽеԭǸŵĶ򣬺ڶԷʵ⣬Ĳ֪α֯öԷεĻԡ
ų˺ڵߣôܣ
ɽº΢΢ɻû뵽һССţȻ赲ɽ¼ôʱ䣬һεʱɽºûв빥ŵս
ΪڵߣɽºеҲţ׼ڰºŽͻȻϮȻԾʵţɽгϵĻв
ǧȷǸ˾ǺڵΪҷӦ죬ƴ뽫Ϣֻ¾ҪˡνҪϢ޷أҾɽ¼ˣ
ĵ˵һڶ̬˶ݣһ̾ɽеڡ
ߣŪˣаЦǼҲ˾衣
Ͼ˭Ҳ뵽ڵ߶˼ðɽ¼ҲŲ˽⣬Բܹǿɻء
ɽºҲɽΪʲôóĬˣ˴̼ϾںߵѶǿ֪ġ
ҲģڲͬΪõ˵⡣
һ˳ɽǰУһֱԼĪʱŽһȫµĶѨѨһֹŹֵĸо͸ɭϢ
ԽǰߣɭĸоԽǿҡ
Ƭ̺һɢźɫâĴǰԶ
ֻܹɼˣǺɫĹâͣ˸š
ӹܸӣ󷨵ȻǺεȴ
ڴ֮һߴ֮ߵĺɫ̳̳ϹһһŮһɽ¼ǰˡ
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а֮ǰû뵽ɽ¼ڴ˴ж󣬶һӵкڵߣνӭӸǿߡ
Ҫƻ⴫ƺѰ쵽һƻ󣬶Է̻ԼƴкڵٴΣԼҪǿԤϵġ
пʼìǰ̽Ϣһ£ƻɽ¼ݵһ¡
ͻȻ⴫ڣһڹҫ£Ǵͼ·ȻȫǶŸ߼ʯֻһȥ߼ʯٳһٿţѹֿӵԶ봫͡
ʱɽºһ˿ϲ֮ɫЦλкܿ콫ɳһڵĳǰ֧ԮǣεĿǼΧƽȻõԴͻȥȻֻҪסƬʱͻдԴЩƶԴһͻȥǵļʵһǿ󣬵ϵʵҲ죡Ϊǻɣ
ķ׷׾ֺУУڻڰԭЩͻϮݣȡԴȻԾݵԴߣ̫ˡ
ôأƻ󷨣ǵһᡣҲ֪Ǹڵʲôʱʼͣ͵ĹнƳҪ̡
а뵽ڴ͵ĹУԷͻȻٻǴ߾ͻ᳹ʧ򣬲֪ᴫиǴ󵱳
ּʳֵĺСһĴ󶼻ר˿ٻ
ϣʺڵǰʲôʱᴫ͹һʵ
Ҳܹע⣬аƻͬʱǺڵ߹ҵԼܹȫߡ
ʱ󣬺ڵǰͻᵽڣǰȴɣ
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׼취˶֧ߣԼлˮˡ
ϣͻȻһ£ߵʱ򣬶Էƺûз׷ɱһ·ҡҹԶ·ɶԷӦ֪ɽ¼ڵλˡƵ˵
ʲôΪʲô˵
ɽºϢﻹסվϴŷŭƵı顣
ϣҲǼһʱ֮ˣˡﰡװģ˵׼ռƻЩ˵˵ء
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ϣǸкڵߣڿѾҵǵܲ㿴ǲ˻ȥԮ޹ı˵
˷׷ױɫɽгߣɽ¼ܲѾ¶ڶԷĹ£һˣɽ¼һǶ֣ҴҲпܱԷٻ
ϣ²˳٣øϽؾԮˣʧɹһڵĳϼ
ϣҸӭӺڵǰȥԮɣ


514 
˴ʱûʱɽУһŽ취
ߣɽУ㷸˴Ҫھش˵ӭӺڵǰǰҲҪл
ɽ˵ȴ»ֻûЦ
ǣϡǷȥɣҾʹڴӭǰǰԸһеΣҪҶԸ⡣λܲŵһ򾡡
ն˵һ̬ȣ˴Ϊ⣬вԭɽдǰΪ
аʱ̳Ǹ©ɳ©֮ʱǰ֮ʣһܹκβǰҪһеɽºЦ
ǣϡ
Ȼ˵ߡ
ಣѾȥ
Ԯܲһ£иԭǾЩڵĳϺǰ𷣣Բŷ׷׽žԮܲѸ뿪
Щ뿪Ҳһ˴ֻʣ¶׼̷ڳϵŮˡ
ŮӳĶĶˣΪֻңʵǿԺԲơ
ϼ̳̽һǸɳ©Ȼ˼ЩϷǰƻǸڵĳ̡
Щ뿪ʱѾٶʮˣѰ˼ţȫ˲ƣֻ°ʱԸϵɽ¼ܲ
ͻȻһɫĹâǿʯдȻɫʯͷϳһȦɫּ
ʲôģҲ
֪϶ǱߴϢǺֵ֣Ȼʶ
ಣ
ֱӽǶŮš˼̨ȻЦǰ﷭һʲô˼
Ůɴ۾иųϾȻʶ֣Ϣʵ̫ˡ
ʲô㷭룬ȻҾɱǡ
֪ʱЦżɽŵǶŮӻʧɫ
һ̼е˼һӺҽͣʱȷϢּ
ŶԭˣҪһӣ
һǴǶĸ߼ʯвһǺڵߴ͵˲䣬ԼԾƻ⴫봫Ҳ
ò˶ãɫʯϱ㴫ּŮʱѵʼͣһյ蹦Ҿͻᵽ
ϢаϲԭͲ˲ɵ飬ȻҪһյ蹦ǾͷԼֽˡ
ԼĪ˶ӣǴѾâҫȻѾʼתǱߺڵѾ˴ֻͣЩʱҪһʱܹ͹
еķɽͻȻ˵죬ȻаȵһЦȻӽն̳ϵһܡ
Ǹ޴ﾭȫһǾ޴ĵԴʱȻֱӳŴȥ
¡һ죬ǵܵͷ˴󣬺ɫĴȻɹʣЩ߼ʯͬʱתȻδСĵͷڿС
ŮӶѾɵˣȻҿĵӶɳˡ
ǰҪܹԴ񲻾һŮͻȻڼ̳ϣзĺ
һŮҲȻĿʼΪ
ʱ˿̣Ҳܽһյ蹦ܿ͵ǲֹܹǺߵĴͣڵԼ͸·ˡ

һһһԴһ¡죬Ǻɫǵͷ­
а˻
֪ʱȣֱӽһŵ
ʮϣֱǴϣҲûֹͣĽһҲƵ
ӿб㽫Ǵ󸲸ǣżȻ죬ǴֱӱҵĶ
Ҳһ˲䣬͵ķһǿ⣬߽ǶܸסȻ
ǿҪըˣ
̾͵˲ƿȥǶŮӷӦҲѸٵķ˼̳ȻŶ񱼡
վס
˶ǰʱǶߵͻȻĹ߻ıը
һ˲䣬ʯڿըѿ֮ڷڼߵԱ
˫ͬʱץסŮȻ˲źˣǾ޴ըĳͷ̲סһѪ˳
ʱǶŮȴѾʧȥϢѪ״ҡ
еˣΪǿը˾ˣؼǺɫȻ˿Ȼ˸źâȻ󷨡
̬Ĵٲǿûʱƻˣ˼š
ʱϵʯѾһʧȥҪά󷨵תȴû˿⡣
֮Բʹ÷ɽֱӹǴʵ·ɽΪ⴫ҲըԼķɽ
򵥵ķƳ󷨵ϵյĳȥҪǱ͵һİĵط߱͵Ǻܱҡ
ڵʵȻȥðǸգѾ⣬ȳ˵


515 
жŮʬЦһֱӽʬǴȻתӣ׼Ǻߵĳǰط
շɳԶͻȻܵһɿֲǴƺ׼˿ӿȣ̾쵽ǿҵΣС
ˢ
˲ڶԪӤȥ̽Ŷ˲ơ
ڶԪӤʱֻǺɫĹâһƬѪ״ŮӵʬڴϷѪȴԴԴϵӿЩѪƺǺâںΪһ壬ȻмΪȶԾ
һŮӵѪȾ˴󣬵´ƻ
ͻȻ¶Ц⣬ǵ⴫ըԼ޷ܣ׼󵽵׻αըҲ뿴Ǻڵߵܹܲ͹
ǣɢѾǰǿЦһ͵ɽȥȻֱӿʼɽʯ䴩Խ
ڶԪӤǿ壬ɽʯεٶҲǼģǴı塣
ıѾڵϣʼҵĻζ
ҼϣȥףмƷѾһ
ʱȻɽеװ磬еļƷɽڿл˻ΣʱȻɽ¼ЩΪĸֺƵĸɵ
˵жЩڵĲ̲Σյķ󣬸ߴش֣Ȼڴ˵ؼϡ
ĵڶԪӤҲٵĶţ֪˶ãų֮ϡ
ıֱ˲ƵıɽڼͷΪһ塣
ⱬըǾǿģһǾԽԶԽȫ
뵽Ȼ߿͵ֱӵǧ׸߿ʱ͵ĸоһǿѴߴ
һֱֲԼ·ⷢŵ̼˲ƣŶ㿪·Ǻɫ档
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̫ˣⱬըǲԭӵɣǸڵ߾㴫͹ҲñըķǣЦоεðֵõģ˴󣬶һôıըһԸɵôɽߡ
Ƭ֮γǴɽ֮䣬ǿʶɢȥɽ֮еѾûκϢЦˣȻ̽鵽ϷصϢ
ü΢壬⣬ɴһݣ֪ԼƭˣȫϻԼٳ嵽ǵĻأɵĴ
ʮҺͻȻըͬ봫ǸڵߣΧĦļʮֱӱըȱ첲ȡ
ɽ¼ҵı緢ˣȻһʧʮڵߣʱɽ¼尧һƬ
ը󣬲ֻǻһߣΪڴУɽ¼屾ĴҲٻˣʧԹ㡣
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ʮ׼ɽ¼ŽݣѾŽ˶󣬶ɽ¼崫ݵҲûܹռݶٱˣ֮ҲֻȡССĳɼ
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һ޾ķŭԭɽдһ߷ŭ˻ţϵ·ѾըĲڣҲѾȱȫֱ۲֪ըȥˣֻʣһȣһǿʯͷУؿڴѪģһأ弸ʯѹɶأͬȱȫӴֻʣ¶Ѫֱӱǹͷ
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ɶһδͱֱӱ壬ֻܹԪ֮ˣ
ɽ¿Ǻ޺޵ĺȻ᲻壬ϧѾǧٿףѾܹˡ
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ɽҰǾͨ󷨣Ҳû뵽ΪŮӵѪеĴ󣬱ԼŵһѪҺζȴΪǱըԵʣвδ롣
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516 
˴߼ɽ¼ڵľӢӣϧʱһҲҲˣΪǴıըˡ
ãȻмʮߴελ˳ǰߵϡ
ЩˣԵúǱˣʱųǡ
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ɽ
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ʵڲԶԭΪ˶ˣû뵽мʮ˻ţɰ̾Щ
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ĵĺˣΪ̫ˣΨֻᱻ֡
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ʱһֲĺɽҰǵԪɽ׳˳
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ǰɽڴǰӭǰ֪Ϊȴ˱ǡڣɽв֪٣ĹһŹɽºҧгݵ˵
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ȴϱԷ֣Ȼкڵ߿ʼں׷ɱԣɽǷٱӣϧóΣյ˲ơ
ȣǱʲôûзɽΧ
ڶУʼԼͨʽȶԻ
ȴʱһ̸ԣ̽ŵ˵һоȻʮơ
ԭ뿪Ÿɽ¼ܲʱǡɽеִŸ
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ȻסĽǣĽЩţԼ׼ǰɽ¼ܲӦ
ĽɽɽвΪȻΪĽһͨߣ΢ʶ̽
ʵɽвʶ̽飬ĽʶΪҲԾڰɽС
һ̽飬Ľ̷ɽеΪȴ֪Ȼ󷵻شϢš
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ɽое㷢飬벻ȸ֣Ϊֵʵɽǻ΢΢ɣ׼̽顣
ǣɽзĽԼķɹʱ̱ŵֳټΪ£ɽо쵽Էһ֣򣬲רųԼķ߹
ǣɽֱӳɽ·У뾡Ľ
ĽҲöԷҵɽ¼ĻأǼⲻ׷ϡ
ϾʵŲٲ࣬ĽͻϮ֣㽫ɽɱŵɽлŲ·ʹ˼˲ƣڰ֮˵׷ɱ
ɽҲ˻ں٣ǧԶ·ɽ¼Ͽȥ׼ɽ¼ĳϼ֣Լĸɱ
֪жپ˼Ҳʵ̫ɺˡ
̾ɺʱͻȻһӰڲԶֱˣΪǸӰǱˣɽС
ɽ֪Ҫӭǰϵɽ¼ĳ϶ڴ˴ԾƵǰһܺû˸٣ɽϾͻܰȫˡ
һЦβغãȻǸɽдԼͨ


517 
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ɽߺ󲻾ãĽһֳΡ
Ľ
ĽĽһ㶣Ҫ֪һĴҪʵߵĿԿһԪӤڵ봫һڵߣǲܰ쵽ġ
ǷڵȴԪӤڵߣܹ˵Ĵ
˭Ľ˫бųâͻȻһӰԼ̼ɽʱ׼ս
㣿ĽǱһ㶣û뵽Լ׷ٵ˾ȻЦ㲻Ϸɱ㣿
΢΢һЦĽһСģԼٵŪˣ̲סЦ
Ľеͷ󣬲֪Լ׷ٵˣʶôͻȻˣȻԴԼⶼ˵Լ˴Ц
ĪĪڱݣĽ
ĽŻȻ㶵˵ݣ治ʶҲѹɽ¼ЩϼҲûܹʶݣҪ鹦ʶǿ
٣ôĪʵ
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ǸˣȻԼλ͵ĳҲҽвɴŭ
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򣬴ĺãΪֹɽҰɫ鴤ţܰԼܹˣк޵ֱҧΪԼʧȥ壬ɱǱˡ
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Щŭĳϣ飬ǷԵˡ
ʮӣɽбԼĹͷҪȫѣѾˣʹǵ˵ĵĿ־Ҳš
ʲôûףԷΪʲôԼһıĿ
ڿҪεȥʱɽ͵ĺס֣Ҹһܣ
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519 
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520 
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521 
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ɽпʵ̫ͣôװԼװô񣬻ܹƭϣ⼸Ƿ˼顣
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523 
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ҾҲҪɽаǱûлشɽҰǵ⡣
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524 
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525 
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ɽҰһ£ŵЦͻȻоƺԷԼԪԱƵġ
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528 
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Ƭָ̣ܹƻİΧһ޷Աܡ
ɽеŹֱڶûôͻȻһ±ʵʱԼ˿־壬ѯʵڵʲôʵôסҺڵΪ
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ΪʲôҪأ㷴Ҫˣα֪ô࣡Ц
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Ҳˣ
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529 
ֵķһǿԪģʹóǼ˵³˵Ҳ뵽
ɣǵ־жǿ󣬲ģһа
˵ͬʱǿƾһķ㷢ǿҵİɫߣȻ󽫷żɨ䡣

ҽͬʱǰɫĹһм˵Ԫ֮壬ܹԪоҵʹǱʹֲĴڡ
еķٶԽԽ죬̴
ң㣬ĥˣɱҰɣ
ɱҰɣɱң
Ψһû˵ɽǿʹȻҲ÷չ࣬Ӻ̲סˡ
һΪǱģ̫磡Բֻɽ¼ݣҲǵڹռ
˵Ļ⣬ȴЦƾССҪ߸ݣȻǸЦ
ҾݣǣһϢգһ嵽ǵչɱ¾еķԽԽ죬ҲһֱûͣϢ
ɽе˵ͻȻһȫµ뷨ǾȲǵԪ֮壬ǵԪ֮壬ΪԺԼԿЩǿʱ
Ԫ֮ԱǿƾЩڵԱڵʵҲ޷ֵԤϡ
һڵǰԱĲᱻըһȺߵԪԱɾûκΰտԶԪԱ
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ĽѾͬµǰɽ¼ϳĽɱɽ¼ʣߣӦò
˻Цһȹ껹˷ܣſ顣
׼ڶռ̽գȴֵԼˣųʲô״һɽ¼ͻȻĳڵ߳ûǰ͵Ϯţصӵʵ½һɱ
ڤڤ֮Ужۡ
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ʶѾԶԶ̽鵽ǶˣоЩϤƺһ㡣
ڣˣԷ϶ǳԼģ߲ơ
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˫͵ԥһ£ǧ֮ڵľ룬Էת˲֮ԸϵԼҪߣӦûüЩʣ֮˵Աȫˡ
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Ϣʱ䣬ӰһһѾɽ¡
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Сӣţ
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Ҳǰ׳գ
ûüһò˱Ӻɽһ䷿˳ϻ΢Цı顣
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ǰ׳գ汿Ϊʲô죡
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ͬʱЦһɳƣһ̶˸о
СӣƭϷ򣬵ӲС
ЦƺܺΪʲôƭ


530 
Ľ£ôڵ˵ȻһѾչ˲ơ
Ҳһ˻ã
βûжԭվţڿκǿļһ
ߴӼ˵һ˲бľ򣬼˲ƣ̱׼ԪԱ
Ǻڵ֪߱ɣҪʹԪԱը˶Էȴϱ״ɫԪȻ޷Ա
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һԲڿţνɽ¼ЩڵߵԪͻȻϮǰˣ֪ʲôЧ
СӣųڵΪȻƭţѵ𣿡Ц£īɫ״
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ı죬ԭԼ˵ô죬ȫ˷ѱˣԲ̣ǵ˶Լ޷һսˡ
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ЦѾ׼һսˡ
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531 
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οߵݽɽģӵʵѧףԸó
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˴⣬жΪԼڶԪӤǿĻָٶȣԲ¡
һʹڻȭһѾ˺ܳʱ䣬ڻȭһɫ䣬ΪȭǺڻȭȴۡ
ŭƲǶϼкȴ֣Էȭ쳣ȻǺڻȭĸĽ汾
΢΢¶һ˿Цȭû䣬ȴȭ˱ˡ
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а룬ȻЦķҵĹƣѸٵĻûӰ˫צڿлûǧצӰֻһȫٵӰ
ЦԷԼǰѾŪ飬˷ѱ飬ԼʶȶԷǿĿɲһ㣬ĻӰҲֲǾӵǿʶˡ
䣡
ٶ͵ĺǶʵĺɫצľУȭצཻ͵ķǿҵײ


532 
צȭͲ֮٣ʵѷһ£ԷҵӲƴȻеֲ
ûüˣĵڶȭѵҲֻзֵǧצӰȻơ
䣡
˫ȭڿ趯ֿȴǱƵˡ
䣡
ڿУеٶȶǳ죬ʱͻȻһ߹ȥ
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533 
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535 
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аԾϲоԷԼͬΪϽʵɱЧ
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ߵĽͬķɳк⣬׷ϣǾĵȴĽ档
Ľһ˲˶ɽߵҾԪԱȴԶԶûô򵥣Ҳֻܹ˽Լѡ
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542 
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΢ӰͬʱˤǰĿյϣǾδĺڰ׶ϡ

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543 
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544 
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ڤڤ֮У䶨ɣȻѡɣǾעܹͨ˵䵽ٷ֮ʣ㲻ҲԲܡ
ĳֱԼձ㽫ɽ٣һζɽ٣»һΣɽʧܣתޣʧȥⱲӵļ䣬ãã˺Ѱҵ
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˼жֻ֪ݣطȴǴδȥǲȥܹطĴڡ
ɽ磬ػǱ˼ΪӴĵطʱԼᵽô֪Լ󣬾ҲȴҲԼĴڡ
˵ɽ磬˼磬һҪҵһˣҲҪԵɺϣǡֺʶ
֪ôֻ֪࣬ǰŮǾԼԼˮǶѾ˵һС

ĺһѾϵϡ

ĻŰ˵֣ͻȻ̲סеĳ嶯ĻС
ô׳嶯ȴʶ˵ǷıסӵĴ
ϵŮɢŮķҷϢԳ֣µͬɢеζͬΪ֮ԡ
˷ӵǣͬĩһ㡣
ҲܲסˣоӶҪˣϵ·ս׻ûƶñըһƲš
ǻз˵̼˫Ѿʼߣ򴥵Ĳš
뿪ĴȻĶͷգ˳޳ľһ·ƣķӵ£Ѿ޷ס
ŰɫȹӣѾ˫֮䣬Ȼ·Ȼоĳ˵С

ͻȻһУŵֹͣ˶ΪΪԼ̫ðʧϾ˲Ÿոճǣڱ㵽λȻЩ졣


545 
Բ̫ˣ㲻ϲҲټȥˣܹ㣬㣬Ѿˡ
оԼŮ֮һҲ⣬Լ
ɫ糺죬֪ȥܿʧȥһǧöǣһʱԽԽ٣Ѿµľ
ĺһŮ˼Ѳ£
˫ְסţȻСϣȻ޳ϸָǽѩ
ɲǼ򿪵ģȹһ±ʧȥάϵȻСֽȹ£¶ѩļɰɫĶǶҲǰ

ɴ۾ͣǸ߸ĶǶԺѾʼеĻһ⾰Ρ˫ɣ
ǰɣ
зĽеû뵽ȻӵĽ⿪ԼĶǶǶڴʱоԼĴҲͬȱϢ
һǳɵĽǶȡºϵ糺ʤ쵽˲Ӹ˫򽻲ǰסǸʵ˫塣
·㲻ģһ㡣
˵һӶоĻȻҪɳۿ£һֻͻȻɿǷ͡
һԲͦİͳǰԵòرĴȴ̶ͦԲ󣬴˿΢΢ʶţĸо԰ѡ
ȷҪ
̲סʵû뵽ĿеŮڽȴ⣬ǲʲôĵҩ
ô㲻ϲ𣿡°ͼҪϣ޵˵
ϲϲʵ̫ϲˣ
оЩԻˣһӴӿûо˵׻ʲôӣ˼һֱͣСļУͻȻ뵽СкСܵܵģǱһЩֻôҲû뵽еĲô󣬴Լо־塣
Ҫô죿
Իʵ˵ʱֱ۾ͷһߣԵ޾
ˣԭ䣬˻һǧ꣬ȴȫŮ֮£ȱԽԼŮȻ˵Ŀɰ
Ҫô죡ΪŮ𣿡
аȵЦ⣬˫ݣвɸоӴ̼
ʱ۾ʱ΢΢΢΢ĵͷ˵ҪΪŮˡǣһ˯ˣҲŮ𣿡

̲סˬʵЦ⣬ЦĪɻԼ˵ĻѵԼ˵
װΣһ˯ʲôǲΪҵŮ˵ġ
סеĳ嶯Ųæ˵
Ҫô
Ū⣬գĴ۾ʵ
ΪҵŮˣǾͱ壬֪˫𣿡ֻʹĸˣƶŮ˵Ĺȴĥ䡣

ֻĸо洫鲻ԽĵȻ˵Цң
ٺһЦĽͣһͣȻȴ̼еСⲻܣô󣬽ȥġ
ԵģСɵϣ
Ц
ͻȻһƿ۾˴ĿĵСܵܣɿ־˵̫ˣҵôɵ£У
ǲΪҵŮˣ
żĶԻԼ˷ܡ
룡
˵֣С鲻ԽСܵܣСܱܵһգͻȻĵһ£ŵ֣̾ᶯ棡
Ҳܲסĳ嶯ٴν˵ڴϣȻ૵װģ£һġ
ţ
ԼɣܿЦڶΣһѱסֹܵȥûйо
һڳһֻȥסСܵܣʱѾ˫ۣΪоӲӲĸо֮ش鲻Խĵ
һΣǺѶȵģԴʱ̫̼СܵѾʹھ˼ӵʱ䣬׼λãʼ
һʱѾüѣоһĵʹ
Ȼô
а޵ȻΣһ㴽޳˫Ѿһξڲ̬ȣֻöֻСץס
֪ۣһ£ȻͲˡ
ץס˫壬建ֽһ㣬ʱʹۿдתȴҧƺţƺ֪Լܵʹࡣ
ҲۣҺɣ
˵ԲԵĻȴֻһͷǾǳΪŮˣжôʹ࣬һҪȥ
ɵѾͷ֪ʹǳʹʹˣ
֪εǰϷѾ˺ܾãӾʹࡣ

һͦ֫оƺǾ޴Сܵ˺ˣʹ˲ںһ̽ס˫ҧ´Լ˵


546 
Ұ㣡
˵ٴڽ˴룬оǲĤڱ͸ˣŮһǧĤԼ
ɸо˺ѵʹȴţεĺ촽ѾҧƤһ˿Ѫ˳
ıס壬֪ʱûһ˺ѰĸоȥˣŻо֡
ˣ
ǴǵѪȻ˿˫ʱȻоʹ࣬ȴӭŰ˵ͷڸоצʹᡣ
һļǣҲƶţ˫壬˫ֵİ£һڽŷۺɫӣҶסĴת̵ܵĴ̼ٴηĵ֮
ʶ£֮ȴǿϢǽ׵Ĵ֮ϣ߰׻ˮ飬һ
ӦǼƷĹ֮طյͣǹһδֱǿնڻεε
˫ּҪ̽ĺ󱳵Уоͬһͷ۵ҰԼ׺ĳ۳ңǿҵĿ糱ˮ಻Ϣ
˫۽ţ糺ݲϵĻζţժͷϵķһͷںڳƯסǺİ
ֻôȫܿư㣬СܵƿһУ˫ץס̵ͦ˫壬ȻñȽϴץ࣬˫ֵ˫強ѹıΡ
£ȫ˫Ϊģץס˫ʱҵ˶һһγĹȵش̣ͦͦڳ̡
ֵĸоѾɬзԽԽֻԼͬƶһûѾɡ
ͻȻоԼڵеٶȾȻϣʱȻͨСֱܵӿڡ
ڵǿ˲ڵĹһ
˶о壬꣬໥ںϣν˫ޣֻʱ˿̣˴ȴ˲ЩΪǿֵĸоѾö޷ġ
˫ޱǸˬģŮΪԽǿԼõĺôԽ࣬XXOOʱԽˬ졣
ǰǽӽߣһǴŮ֮ռıˣõĺôԳܹõĺô
ţţţҺ
첻ıԼĿ֣˫ֵָѾС
ĳֻ̣ڵ弸ҪըȻԽԽ󣬴ӿʼϧڵĿ񱩡
ΪôǿԿԳĳѾXXĲ㲻֪Լ˭
ҲˣҪˣҪˣ
һξXXOOƶ֮ߣܵĺһһӭңĽ
ҲˣҸ硣
ʼĳ̣૵
磬ø磬Ҫˡ
Ľе˵ģǿʼ
ˣ
һͺĳ鴤ڴʱ˿̽ڵĳЩһԵĹ֮С
磬ˣ
ܵڶĳЩ̵ĶҲڴﵽˬʱƴкŴﵽƶ֮ۡ
壬ӣвɸоܺãԼŮˣûǰеͶ
德εʱܳٳӣУһֱڳı飬ƺ޿֮С
оЩ죬ԼҲֻаӲŻôˬôܹôãⲻ֪Ϊߵʹϵ߳ǿģŮ˵ʱҪϲ١
ӵĸ߳˫ۣԼЦɸоޱȡ
΢ЦСܵմȾŵѪĵһΣΪӵŮ˶е
ЩǣǿΪ޶߹ʸݵġ
Ůˡ
ҸһЦЦסˡ
ǵģҵŮˣǣΪʲô㲻ԼǸã
ɻʵЩĸо
ҵȲˣΪҿҪɽˣһζɽ٣ǷɹǶҪ˷ֿԺԶûл㣬ԣԸΥԼȽԼ㣬ܹΪŮˡϳһ˿
ʱˣвҲӿ˸еɽ磬ǿÿߵ롣
ԼҲϣԷɽ磬ܹΪһӵǿõ
Щĵˣϧһʱɣ
Ȼˣھ˸УھͿ֡
ˮϵ£˽ϴһ飬Щˮֱӱ˿
ӵһΪղŵ˫ޣڵǿرֻڵĹٶȱǰʮֹϴĳԼߣƺʱܱ
ӵڴϣŴǿգõıųĬżụӣȻһЦǶγɵĬ
ϣСֲʱḧӣڲ֮ǰǸδµŮѾΪŮˡ
һŮһΪŮˣƺһ־֮ǰԵһϲͨԼЩɸеԼǸ


547 
ѾеѹƲסڵˣҶĸоһζɽٺܿҪˣ಻ᳬһʱ䣡ҡ᲻㣡
ٴ˸Ѿ˷ֵһ̣һ̣˱㽫˼䣬;
Щ˸е£ģɽˣҲᾡȥϡⱲӣҵŮˣұػһһ㲻õġ
ԵúܵͳȴնĪһɣ˸жˮ
лл㣡һӣֻŮˣ
ģȴᶨ˵
΢΢һЦ㴽һ𣬶ͬʱˡ
ϲǸ𣿡
ͻȻ͵͵ǳЦԵú
Ǹĸ
֪ʲô˼ȴǹ˵
ǸҺΪһ壬
˵ĺ˹ģȴҲߵЦЦ࣬ͬݺڸ質һ㡣
أھ룡
ͻȻһ͵ѧĶǣСͷȻǵôϸŹϵκεطһ㡣
Сܵܣˣ
ȻСסСܵܣȻҡЦĬֱͬŹֵС
࣬Ϊ񣡡
ҲЦˣоԼСܵץסȻ˲٣һΣǲپȣǸطΪʲô档
ɣװΣһ˫ްɣ
ǺЦ˫˫ߡ
̱оʧȥһ㣬˵ΪУױŪ顣
㵽棬𣿡
ͻȻһŮ棬Ǹεķأ
ţҿ᲻ὫСܵѹϣ
еɻ󣬵İȫ
ģҾţȥ
аȵЦȻ
滵
ѧȴе˷ܣ˫׽Сܵܣе㲻֪ô
۾Ǳˣʶȴ۲
һᣬȻĽƶСеץסСܵܣ˫ۣŽСܵܶ׼ԼĹȡ
ϧ̫ȱˣ˺üΣûܹɺ壬̼ˣǼӲԼĹĦΪָо
ţ
ЩˣָоԼѣڲ˻𻨣ȻȻĹ֮С
ΪǵһΣҲǰһֻ΢ЩʹŽ£ʱڽ˴롣
ȻôأĴЩ·ˣ΢΢Ťţƺҵ˸оһ㣬ȻŤ齿߿ɰ
ҸôŪ
˵˼䣬Ȼβ£ٷ£ʾѾоĴ̼
ǵģҲǴģһѾҪ죬˫ְסţ֫ŤţʹСǰһ򷢳
һ㣡
ɫ˫ֻһסǶɽ壬٣ϵķĵȵһεĸоǿҡ
Ϊÿһ£û룬ָоĴ̼ĲУڼһѾơ
ˬᣡ
оǼƷ·ԼСһԼⷽԶһˣûغϾҪ
磬磬Ҳ
еˣ˶ţˬһͿ
ʮӺҲЩˣŽͣȻǰ˫Ľġ
֪Լʱ˫Σ͵һΪǶ崥죬лɽȪĸо
ʱѾˣı촽оһαһθã˶ļޡ
ӿ
ǳ仯ճ䣬ѷ֣Ȼ߿֮ӵ˼켸ҹⲻҹࡣ
˵һˣȵ÷ģȻ壬ﵽһľ磬һֱһǿƵˣѾȫ
ŮˣһˣͬСŮһ㣬ߣĿ㣬ƺԶһ΢С飬Ҳᱻе
оԼѾ벻һУԽߣԸ롣
ֻϧģʵǹǸеġ
Ѿӵ˲ʵԺ嫵棬Ī٣޷ס
ӵŴǿգͻȻҵĲһ£һĪΣĵ״ԤǶٵĸ
ôˣ
Ȼ飬̹еʵ


548 
ɴ۾ƺҪԶԺ㶵Ĳ֪˵ʲôźãΪһΣپȻǰˡ
ԭΪһ£ǵ༸ԼΪȻһˣȻҲٵǰ
ûʲôֻǸое䣡Ա𣿡
һɫĻԣȥֻϣܹһʱ䣬¶һʱҲԸ⡣
еľ쵽Ǿʲôȴ֪̱ůĻС
ʱ̺ˣԵĻԸΪʮ꣬Ϊһȹõʱ⡣
ٵǰʹȥʦţҲѾˡ
ڼ֮ڣ޷ϻʦڵأԣһҪԼɽ٣ȫƾԼȻǷǳѶȵġ
ڶ٣ԱڶɽڵǿʮֹȻ޷ʦţǻһΪֱ𼴽
˾ţһ仰Ҳ˵ȴܹԷڵĬһֱڶΧ
Ϊһ²Żɽ٣׼һͬǰһԪڣ˼
ʱţǶȥȻǷǵϣѾ㱣ΪеԤԽԽǿңƺʱᵽ
ֻʱٱҪˣǷԵֵס٣Һսֱ𡣷ɽ磬ᵽη˵ɽ֮󣬸ǳ˼򱶣ʱ˳ҵԼ𣿡
ûжɹ٣һֽǶôأұתͶָ̥Ǻã
˺ܶ࣬ԽҸԼѾҪˡ
ôţǻһµʱ䣬ģһŬģɽһȥ㡣һʵϳģԶ㣬ܵ˺ǵԼ䣡
΢ЦŰοӵĸо۽ǵˮӿ
ģȻŵˣ첻£ز£ԼŮģԼǰᣬΪԼĻŮ˵ʹ
ûü˵ͻȻıȻƵڴϣԼϵ¶塣
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֪ʲô飬ΪŮӼ׸£Сֵḧ̴ﵽ˼ͦľ硣
һΣܼУȲ˵һģһ죬Ҳˣϣܹң
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˵ͻȻѾסԼļͦ
ϲ𣿡
Ѿ˾飬ԵúϣܴŤ˵ꡣ
ϲ̫ϲˣ
˵ֻøǿҵĴ̼崫

εеģһŮӴʱȴ˷ŵÿ˷ܡ
ˮȻҸǱˣֻǲᣬҲ޷˵ʲôֻ֪ϣʱ֡
ڷŤʱһֱû뿪ӣǾӨ͸ˮҲؿڡ
ϵˮ۲ѣǰһ𹲸ɽۣ֮ڴʱ˿̣德ţ̲סµ䡣
ˮѾȾʪǰǾӨͻ͸Խоһεѹٵٻ
ˣһ۵ġʲôίԸңһֵίʲô
ϵˮȴָˮͬɽ鱩һ㣬ֹסеıˣֹܹסˮı
Ҫˣ
˽ĻУ˫ȻĬĬĴ·
ߣȥģ
һŷѾԼƿ֮⣬Ƿ˴£򲻿ֵܱ˷
ʣϣܹңӦң𣿡
Ѿ·ͷ𣬲Ϸ߹ǷҲоղŵȥԶ
Ϲ룬ǲġʱҲᡣͺñˮ˵㿴ҵᣬΪˮˮ˵ҿõᣬΪ㣬ҾˮУҵѾٹ̣㣡
֣뿪ȴ֪޷ģΪʵԶԶҪԼ
жĺޣȴסˣˮӿͻȻ¶һ˪̬˵֡ʵˣҲˡͻȻ֣Ѿûκθ飬ҲҪִԲˣſҵ֣
ʲô
ʱ˵ĻǳԼСֻ㶵˫ַˣסС֡


549 
֣
ԽԼʱ䲻ˣһ˵£ûɰնȹε٣ԸϣܹԼ
ţ
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һξ㣬֣Ҿɱ㣡
ݣ͵һμʱƣеʹѾЩ޷ܣʱģֵԺġ
㲻ɱҵģ֪ҡɱֲԣ㶯ְɣϣ㲻ڡ
η˵Ѹٵ˼ΪλˣΪ֮У޾ıˡ
ɱ㣡
ķɽıĲ֮䣬ȴƤûһ£ֻ
ôֻһۣһı˺ѵʹУͻȻһɰɫâ͵Ľ𿪡

˷ɽвܲĳȥǣкԼٴʩȥ
ڻԵһ̣ͻȻ뵽ʲôֻƤѾĺϣ˳˯С
Բֻܹϣܹշɽ磬롣ӴԺ󣬺Ů˺úమҰɣ
Ķ૵Ȼ壬ķ˴ϣñӸסô͵Ķܾãܾá
֪˶ãͻȻӿһâܵԽԽƽˣ첻ҵһɽΪΪףԶҵļ䡣ټˣҵİˡ
űŹرյһɲǣ˲ƶȥһ룬ѾʧڿС
ʲôˣô˯ˣ
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ո˲ƺ˹ͻȻ־֮ɫ
ʶɢȥȴ޷׽κټŵһ˲䣬ƺᵽ˿еĳ˿㡣
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εǣܿԭڣץڿд
֪ȥ˺ηɽ٣ʼ¸߶ȣڿƴĺһֱȥ˰죬ûзټȴɱ֮
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٣ģһҵģֻҪݣڿϵʮϵɴ̽Ϣ
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ף
ʶڶɽɨ裬ͻȻĳŮӡ
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ಣ
˲ʧˣһ˲ɽ⣬ŮȴѾʧƺѾɽ


550 
ʶ̽ɽȴһʶ޷̽룬вˣΪŮӲڴ˴Լȴһֱûз֡
Цһ˫ֱ֣ɽȥ
˰֮ɽȻߵ˾ͷҲδŮӣʱҲЩɻˣԼʶ̽鵽˴ˡ
ѰһصĿأȻǱϵһʯţʯһͬשʯͷ
ýŲһשʯͷͻȻһ¡һһ˴СĶڳǰ

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ԭǵ£ŮȪˮԡ壬Ĵŵ̻ҵı·Ѹٵһۡ
ⲻҵ·ôУѵࣿ
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Ůȴǵʮȴϲתͷһ˶Щˡ
ֶԼϴŮˣûƺƯˣɫ֮ԵЩˣŮӵԼź
ŮӱڷŭУȴΪǰҲ˼ֻҵһӣ˷ܵԭز
࣬û뵽㣡
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༤ļУ˳˼ĺˣܲǰӢ²ûдա
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磬ôأΪҲˡ
໶ϲЦŵĻ괩Ǽ·ഩϣȻЩˡ
˵Ҳɣպҿ뿪ɽƵĸоǱˡЦЩжΪԼкܶಹ϶మϧ·Բһֱ첹
磬ûŵĸ㲻ģΣգαЩԪӤڼɳ֪һŹġ
ൣǵ˵Ͻޱȣᱻŵĸɱ
ԪӤڣ
еȴûЦΪһֱڴ϶֪ڣԪӤڵԼǰѾһĴڣһСָͷͿĽνԪӤڵֻҪԸ⣬ԪӤڵ߾ϡ໹ϻ˺ԼЩ⡣
࣬£ûµġɸ֣Һǽɱɱû˼߱Ц˵
һͼˣ磬ʲôɽ磬ὲʲôȻ˭ȭͷ˭ǵţ𣿡
ġ
оеΣŮӦԹ޻ڣһֱԼԼȴˣҲѻĴڡ
磬㲻ҵģҲֵң߰ɣȥɡΪðôգֵá˵˵ţˮ̲ס
ޣ
ͻȻŭΪʲôЩŮ˶ϲˣ޵ԼҲܡ
౻ĺŵһȴֹס˿ΪϲԼޣԲܹޡ
ܿϣˮҲȴͷ˵磬ԲҲɿˡ
̫ˣ˵Բ𣡡
ŷԼİȻԼжĪɽӵס
磬㣬𣿡
˵һʹͷ
ཿεĺ촽̺ѾΪ֮ж
ӭǣ˫Ծϵӡ
磬ҪңҪңҪҡ
һֱڴ˼ʱȻЩˣ૵ߵ
࣬ȻƽһԵļªϣҪãȫ׼ˣ˶͸˵Ϣ
ۣ
ྪеоεʹһЩƣսʱȷʵۡ
֪ʲôԭһôˣ۲֣ܿģͲˣŤ
ɽ꣬һн󣬶һ
࣬ԺҲ뿪ˣΪŮˣ
ᶨ˵
Ҳ䣬ʵ̫ͣҲ䲻㣡෴
˵ϣϡ˵ҵŮˣͲκȾָ
˵仰Ϊ֮
ʱǣֳźɽ
ûɽľΪɵĸ־ȻڣҺбԼΪ͵ġ
൱Ϊ޽̿չͻΪﵽ˻ڣ˵ƽǶ˵ȴҪģֻдﵽ˻ڣܹ
ףΪʲôҶô
ྪˣЩܾǰԪӤڵǰﾹȻмӣ𾪣ҲԺ


551 
磬ǲѾͻƽΪﵽԪӤˣ
ʳ仰ʱΧЩˣҪЦ
ô֪
ҲЦȴǿסˣ໹ͦɰġ
Ϊ㲻ԪӤڵʵЩԪӤڵ˾Ͳ˹Ҵɣ
Цˣû뵽߶û
Щӭ˳źһ࣬ԼŮȻֻǶӵ˽ŮɻŮ
үүҲڣྪ̷ſĸ첲Ȼ󹧾ĸ
ŮүүûУ
һֱŮЩΣǰǶӵ˽Ůһŭ֮²㽫ţڶˣµ뷨Ҳתˡ
а׹һҲˡ
үү㣡
˸Ȼӵסүүࡣ
٣лл㣡
Ÿм˵Ϊһ˽⣬öŮܹһһõĹޡ
ſˣЦ
Ϊɭ֣ɣħɣУΪǿԼĪռһҵĵ̣ħռĴɽռɭ֡þɭ֡
ĽϢԶʮ֮ĻŴϢ˵֪һŮӶɽٵϢ˵ӵоݣҴ˵йء
ܹȷϢαûжȴڴ˴飬ϢܹȷԸš
ĽڿԼˣɣ
ĽԼʵѾԶԶҲѾûʲôֵˡ
ĽʵвκβڶƷΣһԼԱģֻû뵽ô졣
٣лл㣡һݣ
ĽҾ°ݣЦЦûΪѾӦˣҪݾͰݣסǵġ
֮һĽļ򣬶˱ѾԭʧһԵһ¡
үү㲻ҪȣеĿռ磬ǰʱסĿռСǺЦ
಻֪ô˵ˣ⼸Ѿ𾪵ĲУʲôԪӤڣȻԣѾʲôˣΪǿүүѣ˵Ѿ֪ʲô硣
Ľ˺䣬ǰǲԣΪԼʵһ㣬Ȼ
ﵽһƬïܵɭֺĽһƬӣԼԿһЩŮл
ĳǷȥڰǾµŮӶڴ˴ֻмһѾ˺С
׼ǳΪֲ֪жļһȻڴ˴ʮ˳Ľݷעʱ͵͵
ںУӣܹӵЩܵģȻһɺնɱ
лвĽݷ̵ܽģҲѾɱʣµŮӽĵ֮
ĽͻȻв뿪ݣͻȻһӰԼǰǸӰϤ
ҡҡͷЦˣ͸žˣֻϧԼĽԼԲǴʱŵžۡ
磡
С
ͬʱձıһͬ˰ܡ
׼ȴĽݷ飬Ȼϸ綼ˣǾ߰ɡȵĸ飬ûĶԴĽݷ
Ȼкܶ໰Ҫ˵ԽŮ˴ǰš
ȺŮӣҲİΪ÷ǰ鿴ˣѾвЩˡԥҪЩŮǰţһģЩŮȫǩԼһЩŮҲұԼ
ųѾǰţΪ˺󣬾ųϾлҲʵʩһѣǽĺܲҡ
ŷչĻǲģʵӺܿ죬ҪﵽҪ󣬻źԶԶܹҲֻиṩһȫĻڷŵĥΪǶɽٳڵԼݿҲܹݺᡣ
һ·ߵĺܼѣƾ賬õߵһȻ粻֪ٻˡ
ն쳣᲻÷ŵĵǰȥǾֻܹ֣Ĵŵķչ
ţܵһΪŵһнοǣȫʵߣȻֻǶԱȸŵ߶ԡ
үүҲʮߣͻһ£ֿԶ⣬үүҲԽԽᡣ
ֻҪĸʹﵽڣǷγǣҲǳǿߡ
ѾкˣһƯɰСŮҲˣѾץסֽи磬۶ɰϲľǱСˣ
࣬ţҲžסǵʵķǳѸ٣ҲЩߵ˴ٽá
ͣһ죬ΪżϢ̸Ľڴ


552 
ö˾Ȼһһҹʱоƶû
ҵ찡ö̫ǿˡа̾
öֲһףòܣѾǿˣҪݾͰݣҪ͹Ǳˡ
ҪǰǸţö˸δĽݷҷһΣʵ
Ľϲõ֡
ȻĽݷȴҡҡͷ˵Ҳͷ۵Ļ٣ĽݷԸһ׷٣ţϧ
Ľˣҡҡͷû˵ʲôȻǳǱɣҪǲϲԼãûһܿࡣ
ҾҾֻǵϵģ㲻Ƿʲô˵ϸҲæ㻹ծһͬȥá
Ц
˰ʱĽˮԸغžۡ
ɣǩԼɣʵôǿǩԼҲġ
ֱ˵ϾԼ˶ţĽһˬŪʲôǿɾͻ˴¡
öͬʱǩԼҲǸһ䡣
ںУһԪӤţڶԪӤʼ;ǻŷС
Ľ˵žȻݴ֮һҪ֪Ϣҵһӵߡ
ţĽҲֻ֪֪꣬ʮ֮һеʵ֮ǿ϶ȥ
ɲʲôɣǿΪҵԼҲһѨ
ҲǰһԪڣΪʵ̫ԶֻµԼһԪڣѾǼ֮ˡ
ڸ߿зУУ˿ҵΪʵԽǿԽܵǿߣ˵ֻʶ̫ͣûܹЩǿ߶ѡ
ЩǿߣȻҲչʾԼʵñڿڵߣѵбҪͣк
Щƣ鲻ˬһǲȥŰǵġ
Ȼʵǿʵģ̱гûսģ޵֮ͽܶ࣬սʵ߿ٵһַ
ԣһ·֮ϣŲһ칦鷳
ڷɹһɽ֮ʱʶ̽鵽ɽһˣһᣬ˾ȻʹɽԼΪԼʱ䣬ҲͶ㿪˷ɽǰȥ
վסһȴɽŭĿӣƺв֮һ㡣
ϵΣȻ·;˽֦ڶ˵ķɽ԰ηɣֱŸ߿շС
Ȼľٶȴ˵ĲмȻ׷ϣлੵĹȥĸо
ģʲôطһʲôˣΪʲôԵ޹ʵĹң
Щƣ¼߿ٶ͵Ŀ࣬׷ϵЩֲĸоûз׷ϡ
ڵҲͱˣѵΪǺڵ𣿡
ЦԼʵ֪գΪ˱Щǿߵɧţû뵽ڵҲ㲻֪
Ľõĵͼ˴ӦýɽΧһӦûɣԼɽˣźʶ̽һȴû뵽˵Ĺ
һ²һ£ƿŲҪġ
ಣ
һƬ֮У׼ڴ˴ҲԼȻ뿪˵أл᷵ʱٽѵ١
ã
ӽ֮кͻȻִ˴ܹ죬ӦòȻ󣬵ƲʱͻȻƱãЩѸٵķȻתɫֱɫ
Σжң
ڸ߿УĬĬ鿴ΧӵĹ۲죬ŷ֣˴Ӧ˲˽ƣһղĽơ
Ϊ˵ΪΧĿռ俪ʼպˣ趨ڿеģľ󷨶ߵǿҪԾԵʵƿƣƺѡ
ģҪǱһ£Ǿͻ󵽴ŵʱ䡣
ջ֪ϿнƣһǸڵߣαؽԼ鷳ľء
ϧʱѾˣΧĿռı˴ĺɫռлϢڣǿϢеľ衣
֮壡
ȵɢһɫĻ棬Ǽ֮ʱǺɫâĽӽ
͵ռǻΧı
ʶѾĵɢȥһ̽д󾪣󷨵ƺԼĻҪǿʮֹǺڵ߲õģΪλԼʶҲ޷ᴩ󷨣
ʶ޷̽鵽Ҳζ֮޷С
סȻûжز󷨵һֵģȻǾһ⡣
ಣ
һӰΧһףǸ׷ԼҲУһ£εЩĸо


553 
Щ죬Ϊס˶˵ֻ¶һ˫׶񣬶ʽӵӣЩߵװ硣
ʶ̽ŷ֣˾ȻǷڵΪвˣΪȻǼڵߣԼڼǿƻɱˡ
񣿡
֮ǰĻ˼һģһΨһһģһǼٵġǰͻȻͬʱ¶ЦԲ˱Ǳ塣
˭ˣǶ֪˭Ƕ̰
ߺٺЦȻЩĶҷŮ
ŲЦȵӲСȻһԪڣһԪŵӺơ
һԪڣ
ԣͬʱһϵıǿɾ;ˣرǸˣɫͰףڱŵǽһҰס
Цˣ⻹ǵһδһԪڵţû뵽ԷųʦŹȻǿ
һǸ˲ŶЦԭһԪߣʧʧ
ߣ
˫֣ĺߵһԪھݵĵλƺֲ˵ùȥ
֪´˷ǰ˼ʵ
ƶɮԶƶǰݷ󾭣·ɲ
һСģ˵μǵ̨ʣ˵֮͵ЦѣȴĿ֪࣬˵ʲô
ߣҴӺζȥηʸ֪𣿡
ԵЩŭˣ˵ʺԼݵĻ
£֪һԪʲô㲻֪ҵȾͻỳݣĿź˵
һԪܹʲô˭ҷһԪڣǲŽеùأȻ֪һԪڽڵϢֻܹһ¡
ҿ˵ѰɣһԪɿսһħߣ߲룬֪һԪڵӣ˵ˣһԪ쳣ңԶҵȾɱ㣬һԪҲҲ˭֣𣿡Цĺܹ졣
пЦԼʵһԪڵȴ޷ֵʵˣʵԼǣҲ⻰
ҲһԪڵģƭǵģôǸϿ쳷󷨣Ϊǻŵġ
һƲɣһƣʼðŵĵӡ
ߣ㵱ɵѽ㵹˵˵ڻǼӣʦ˭˷ǰк飡
˲Ļܵ˲źö֣Ϊ˵ĻģһԪڻǻţԼǲġ
оƺѶȣΪ˵ʵʵԲȥǶԻ˼ɣǱ㿪ʼ˼޵ĺơ
ʱͬ˵Ŀһ㣬ߴףȻʹһЩļɣȻǰˡ
Ǻˣϴƣ֮ݼ߳һǾǿġ
һϲĻ֮£ǰˣĶҲʱͷѾǻŵӵʵ
´˲С˹ҵǹɵӣð뺣
˱ȭ˵ĶҲ
ֻǰڰ֣аĲţżٵģһӲɱ˵Ĺ
֪λڴˣʲôЦʵ
˵λֳ޷ΪʵԲΪնȻӵУ׷ϡһУݣһûģǾնɱȡϵķĲ˵
֪˾ΣɱңǷߣ
ʵаЦû뵽ǼʶٷˣЩٷ˻ʵǿߡ
ȴԵЩԥΪȷݣҲķߺᱨ
ɫ粻֮УΪһԼǻŵĵӣԲŻẦԼº󱨸Ȼǽٷ֮飬ݵģ͵ϸԼĴˡ
Ц⣬ٷˣֱڻ㲻˵ʵʵ壬öûصĻ
ڣǰ˴˳Ĭ۾ʵʸ£˷㣬ܹ֤𣿡
ŶҪұ֤Ҳô򵥵ġǼ⣬ش⣬Ҿͻᱣ֤Źǡ
ЦȻһ߸ϵ̬һȨȫԼС
ãʰɣ˿ڵ
ݣɣ
򵥵˵⼸֣һ۵ԥ
˵ٵģ֪ģѵɫ仯ϡ
ҽħߣаŸŴֵܡҳ¹ȣħɢޡ˻˵ЩʣȴûеӸҶŵˣΪݣűһԪڵǿ
Եͷصģģ뵽ħߡ֮ˣҲ֮С
ΪٷˣҪɱ˽ٱͼ


554 
ʵ
˵ԭҲ֮ˣϧΪɽթһ죬ҳʦȵʦʱʦѾǿ𡣶Ǹӵеʵǿ󣬾ԲʱܹԿģұĴѰѣϧѳһŭ֮£ұһϵĴ˭֪Ȼ͵ħţʶλֳҲɢޣħ㣬Ϊ飬ٴν봫󣬷ݡҵ˽ɣӼᶨҵɽľġȻɽҪɽ٣ҵ˷࣬Ψ޷ȫɽ٣һıʼߡ
˵ٴ죬ɫԵЩǷϣⷬ˵꣬㷲
˺ֻǵһЦ˵ĻԲܹȫţҲǰ˾Ųʮ
ˣһұһԺˣ
ϵ˵аЦȽЩ˵Ľƭ˵Ժôǵܲˡ
лЩм˵ȴȻġ
ã˶һ󣬿ռ֮бһɫͨƺͨġ
Ȼֻʶһ̷̽ЩΣǰɫͨӦеţһ룬»գв˽ƻԭղ˵ĻΪƭԼɽģȻٳûԼһѡ
̬ȹ׷׼뿪˵أֻ˵вЦ·Ĳ·һ룬˲󷨵ķ񹥻
Щˣ˸ԼһȻ뿪󣬸߸ల£ϧȴƭԼһŰıԼʦԼһЩħ󷨵Ĺ죬пֱӽǰɫͨ
ȻԭأɫЩʵΪβԸȥѵֵ˻ΪѸ𣿡
ǵĵĺܴɫͨͨģǸһ𣿡
ЦɱѾᡣ
ߣ㲻ǣãҾ߸㿴ͨġ˹յ˵һѾƮǰɫͨС
ôûƭɣɫͨд˵
ʱ̣һֱѰ󷨵Ǹɫͨоһַһ룬һΣգӦν֮ɣ
ƺЩͷˣΪʩΪǰ˾Ȼϵ
ǾͱװˣóʵһսɣҾǣҳȥˣǾ͵ŻŵѪȱɣ
ЦúƵַ޷󷨵ģΪԷҲںƣνĺֻװԼļˡ
ѣ⻰ʲô˼֪ˣǻʲôȥƭ㡣Ϊħһ㲼ãǽ֮ɱ޷ԣɫ֮ͨͨѵûҸղŽˣһ鶼û𣿡˴ǰɫͨзأȻһϿҵ˵
ҡҡͷЦˣ˵ؾװ־壬Ȼ˽ͨɱ˶ᱦɣǿˣڻŵô٣ҲţĵҲ֪𣿡
˻һͬʱɫǰˣ󣬷Ѿ˼ʹõռ͡
һǲǻ֮ˣֻҪͨǾ൱Զֽţʱϵ㣬ɱɱ
ֻǣûϵ˾Ȼвɴ⣬ΪԴʵʩ߿ʼһԲˬûʧֹ
нƭƭ˷ʤһɾԣǾѰ·ˡֻϧһֱСģֲ֮ˣЩϷİڵϣƭ˵İϷ࣬ҲֻܹСˡ
㵽벻뿪ֱ˵ʵ
룬ǲ뿪ɣҪսսҸʱ䣡
΢΢һЦѾ˷ɽն콣˵죬ƺɱѪĳ嶯ˡ
ôģ˲ĵʵıˣԺиĽƭֵıҪˡ
ôĲҪҪǶҪˣ
нһһǶɱǰŭĿӣҰһĳޡ
ʲôɣӰҲս𣿡
Цһٴնɱˣһ˲䣬˵ζʧںɫռС
ȻͬϣֻǻӰһŲٿ󷨡
ȻҪսҲȥˣĺȵС֮ͽүүڴˣǸҴӺڰүүһս𣿡
һ߽սһʹʶʼ̽ΧĿռ䣬Ѱ˵ڵ㡣
ǻһŭ
СӼֱ̫ƻˣֻˣ̾һŨŨľâ
һεĹֻģղûںΪϹˣȴԭ
ͲŲԣϾԼڿǵ
ãǰٴγǰϴβͬǣοǶԷı壬һʹطʵˡ


555 
ʶ޷̽鵽ԷʵвЩǲ޺֮⡣
£һ
ǰ˺գɫЩŤЦ˭ʲôеˣЦħɣ
֪ԼҲ߱ڸǰʵΪԷܹԼΪЩǣԷ˶߳ԼΪ̫Ļֻ»ᱻ
ͶɣһɱĻᣬȻԪ׼û뵽һССڵҲҲЦħǰšѵ֪ҿɱ𣿡
˷¸µЦȴдϲѵԷĿԼʵʵ
ҲǷڣʲôʸ˽ѵΪҾô۸𣿡̽
㻹ĺ氡ʵҪɱСߣҪκ󷨣ءֻҪ㲻ʹԪԱѵһڵ𣿡
˵ĻˣѵԷľôʵǵʲôطʵΪʲôʶ̽鲻ǵʵأ
ҲЦˣЦĺܹ죬Ҳ˵һԷȥһֻʹ˷ڵʵĿȻֵ̽ʲôʵġ
ߣС
˲ǻзмĺɽһͬһն
ҲôˣȻװ׽ôã˷ʱ䡣
ЩˣͿɱˣαթ̫˷ѱˡ
ʵ̽ԷŶԷǷڵߣǰҲǷڵߡ
˵ĽڿȻƴ˸ֻó˷ڼӽ޵ʵǰǷڵʵ
ȻˣˡҿɲǷڵߣһзڵʵԣ˿Цһ㷢˷ڵĽ
ţ֪˫޷ж϶Էʵ£ֻܹһΪȫϹèץֻܹ̽
ʲô
ҲЦһһֵǷڵĽС
ϷЦ⣬ٴε˵㻹ֵܹڵΪ𣿺ߣ
ôɣͷ㵽ף㵽ʲôʵͻȻǰԼЩͬȻʵص֮͡ھͶģ˭ʵʵˣ
˶Ԥϣ֪Էûô򵥣ȴ²͸Էʲôʵпʼ̽Ҳ˵ĺģ˶ڰ۲š
ڶ˷ʱҲɢö˶̼棬ֻΣգܹŵĲЦĳ
ʹ˺ڵʵʲڣͬʹڵʵΪǽ޵ԵʣɵĽԷĹ⡣
˺ڣһѾֳ֮ɫڽΪĿʱȻѡģ̫ǿߣȥǾѰ·˺ֻû뵽صô
ҾͲЦħصڣڵʵ𣿡
Цţ˫Щͨ죬ȻͬһѪĶͽ㣬ﾡԷ
зƽʱԵ˷룬ԷʵһգڶԷҲ̽鲻ԼʵʵⷴǸľϲ
ôɣҽˣ
ƽ˵ðЩȻĽ΢΢Щԥ
˵ıԺܷ񣬶һ֮ΪȻѾڵʵһɫĽ㽫ǰ˵Ľڿȫ⣬л˰˵ơ
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ͻȻɽϴĶߡ
㣬㲻Ǳը𣿡
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ѵ㲻֪ҵĻӰɵһԱҾͳȫ£Ĳң˵Բԣ
ЦղʹһӰƭȡŮӵԪԱԼδκ˺
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ಣ
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ϽɫĽâƳգɽϴڿУ˲·ϣȴоһʹӲıһƳΡ
ϽڵʵʹóȻͬСɣɽϴɫҰףһѾϽɫնϣѴð˻档
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ʼߴﵽʹõļ巨к幦ʱͻȻӿһ߲ʵĹâһԪӤһȻǹâڶԪӤϡ


569 
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һԪӤı仯죬ѸٵתȻűķӽʱ󣬵һԪӤѾȫ˱֮ԡ
һԪӤ뱾һʱѪĸоĺһڵĺ巨ȻУڶԪӤ뱾֮ĺоͬѪڡ
һεĺ岻ͬƽʱĺ壬ƽʱĺֻͬǶ򵥵ںһһ壬ʶȫںϡ
ʶչײʶʼںһʶҲ˲ǿһҲںϣӴԺһںϣ㲻ɷ롣
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ıΪģһԪӤͬһǿ뱾֮УΪһԪӤı壬ֻںϵʽЩͬ
ǰһԪӤֻڱĵ֮УںʱΪѪ֮УһԪӤ壬ȫѪ֮С
ԼĪȥʱ䣬һԪӤѾʧΨı壬ں֮ıȻȻͻƵ˶ɽڵΪΪڵںʱ㷢䣬ֱӻΪע뵽֮С
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ЩҲЩڴڶԪӤ໥ƶţٶȲ죬߲ʹâķΧȴС
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һѪֻڶɽٺڵҲ˿ռκƣĴȥѰûһʵȥΪ
ţô˵ҲݵĴɣûһʵҲȥţͻᱻЩɱ
һɫսףɽϿգƬžɽȣȻһ֮ǰ飬̾ϢɽЩţΪʲôϲأѵҺ۸ɣҲãǵȫҵĽڣȥŰɣ
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οľͬһ㣬ŻŵķٷУڵʵȺڵ˲
һºڽӽ˻ţһ·ϣȻⲻȻһ⣬Ϊꡣ
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ȻžźңԶڵʵҲҪжҲſԵǶ˵ǼʱԵԴʱ˵Ǹ˼п
վǧ֮⣬˼ţϾΪʮ֮һظƣ֪ԼҪҵǸ˻᲻ԼָѰˡ


570 
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Ѿ˾ǧ֮о˻ŵĸƣҸһ·߿ڻǧﷶΧ֮ڲշУһΥһܻŵĳͷԣڿУЩԥ
ڻǧ֮⣬߲ͬټ󲿷ֶĽǰҪڻŰʦѧյģһԵԶĴɽűΪӡ
ʶ̽ȥŷΧ߲٣ʵǴڵڣӦоУ󷽱һСǣ˿ڲ٣Ȼȫߡ
ǧ֮нƵģƲرǿȴԵֵסԪӤߵĴ룬ʵǿģû˸ҺҴţΪΪ󴳵ģ󲿷ҲᱻΪƣŷ䡣
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ЦԭֻԪӤڵΪѸ½ֱΪĵͷȻһӣϵս׻ûΪһɫĳۡ
һᣬ㻻һȫµͣҲ΢˵ΣȴûбĿӢ
СǣһҿջѰ˸䣬ʲô߶УԵ÷ǳңʱеطȻҲб߾Ӫû˸ڳжɱˡ
С棬ǾۣݿջСÿ춼ϰߣڶʱһ´ǧߡ
ڳУ֮һ˻𻨣ôڳľս㲻ɱ⣬ÿĽǰߣɢ޺࣬汻ɱҲ˿ӰС
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СҲߣʵҲڵģĺȻȥʰӡ
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ǻŵĿգвɰϲ׼ȥһѰǸ˵Ϣ
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غ˫ͻȻƺҪ˼һ㣬ڵΪȻ¶˿ֻЦʵ˵˵ҵ˼ˣ²УǾң
˱Ƚ˼ûĻٶǶɽٳڵΪȴװڵĵӣһԵǡ
غͣһͻȻһָЦֵܵ˼̫ˣٷ붨ˣ
ŶôǾ˵ҵ˼˵ˣҾɱ㣡
˵ȴغЦĸˣҲȤ
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ţͣҲ̫˰ɣˣҼһֵӦţҲΪ˰ʦֻȥǲǣ
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571 
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ʵдһ˿Ц⡣
˵㣬Ӧ˵ģ˻ǻ֮ˣ²ϧܹǰ˵أ;һսȻ˵ģ
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׼ֱɱڿǸ̸ı뷨ϽͻȻɷɽϴٶȽ֡
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ķɽԥնߵͷ­һ˫ѾԪ֮ץУŨŨϽɫУԪ֮巢ĵŭ𣬾ץС
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577 
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⻹ûнѪʱ̣ϽҲȫΧžȼУߵԪĿʼܡ
⼸ߵľȽϽԣߵԪ֮岻Աֻܹܡ
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ҲĻ£øЩߵԪԱһܹȡǵ
ʱ󣬽ڵһգʱѾٴη仯Ϊһ
ⳡԪԱѣı仯ǱܣСһȻΪĲӬ
ڴ֮ʣȻܹԲӬʽɳȥΪУڻŵ壬һԵ̫ˡ
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ʵһߣǾ߱бҲܴﵽ㾳硣
ԴΪһѾϵ壬Ǳ壬ҲͬԱ仯κ̸ںϺأ
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غҲ˽ȥǿʶɨڵһУϧȻûзϢвȻʧʶһصѣȴѹˣغʧ䡣
һעȡƲѣغǶעץѰɫȻ


578 
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ڿƺ˲˳ŰƮգ˭ȥ̽ڵĶܷټ
ģһӱԣԱһ˲䣬ƺûжغ̫үģСڵı飬ȷһ´μ棬ɱ㲻ɣ
ֹԣغȻǹԼڲȴҲǼߣһ뵽ԼûӮĶעҲûӮʱв΢ƽһ㡣
ᣬǸغҲ뷨֮һغƺԼҪأֵĶǻҾǸʵǿߡ
֮ûʹûΪԼڴ˵һҲʶʹûȫǶһ٣ڿЦһȺʧǵߣоˬ
һսźҪãһ˱Ĺڶ˲ΪԼṩ˱ϣ˽ĲְȻ仯²еա
Ҳʮ䣬оԼƺ߱ޱ仯ʵֻҪܹ֤ڵƺԺƻãһ뵽бǰ;һƬ
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ΪţòһȻصԭȵľ¥ݣ뷨
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Ҳ˵Щ֮ڶĻǻţ֪ѾʼɻŻԶ˽ɱߵķš
һªڴͣ£ʼһʯȴŵͨ
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˵лõͽĻᣬϣι۵ŵɸֽɾ̸֮ԣЩߵء
ʾʵȽϵͣҲŶӣԣһһӣֵңڣΪĿıΪѰˣǾֱӽ룬ŵʲô̬ȡ
ǰҲڳд̽Ǹ˵ټ˵ٺأд󲿷ֵĿڻеһɽ崦չС
ʯǼӵһֹʲô嶯֮ɱ
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Сӣȵȣ
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һ˵ֻжȡʱ߲ŻγŶӣ˴ķǴɽ֮УǸӵеķ
ɱɶᱦڴ˵طùϣһͰף໥άһΪ棬Ի֡
ûͣ˺ߵķŭΪ˽ΪԪӤڵߣʵȻ˶ûӣ˵ǶԲˢм߸ɱ졣


579 
ߺܿԽߣȻסѸٸ
һʮɵСŶӣʵǿΪһɽٳڵߣȫǺڵߣЩ˿ǿп޵Сڣͻ̵
ЩΧסͬʱΧҲפͣһֵ̬ҲЩ˵Щ̣ϾǼһ֡
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ȻԴЩУȴòпĻ棬Щ˼ȻҪѰǾͳȫǣԸһ̲Ҫڣȴǲܵġ
ʵҲҲүǵģﵹȤĺܣүɣүã㲻
һģŵſ˫ȣֵվһָһָԼĴȣһȺ˿ʼЦƺЦ˼
û뵽ӦòˣǼȱ볰ԼԪӤڵΪ»ͱѡֻԱ
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ģӵĿɣûӱĸôһҲ
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һŮͻȻͲˣôεĹӸ磬ܹ̣øɣ̫ˣҪȥһˬˬ

ЦٴδޱĻعͷȥһͷ㽫СʱԵķ³ǸŮ˾һĳ󵹲Ĵɳ˾̫ˡ
ңǸŮӵı̫ò߷׷״ŮӵʵȴʮǿһɽٳڵΪ
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ǰԭµ񣡡
ǰǶ̹ڵأϵۼͬ˲Ѫˣ˵ĵһӦġ
ǼҲʼ򵹣ɽٳڵŮӣԥţ֪ʲôߡ
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һһ߹ȥǸѪˣʵж˴ڵأȻٵ٩ǲǿߡ
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ЦһָָˣһǿĽָȴǽɫĴϽĽ
ӺƴˣԱ
ŭԪ֮ڷڽȴһҽС


580 
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һǸɽٳڵĳŮҲŵĹڵأǸ
ɱڵߣɽٳڵҲû˲ηߵԱҪָúڵ𣬼ֱǲ顣
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Ҫɱң㣡ǸŮˣԼĶ֣æͷġ
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Ľɫɽȳ˶ˣŴӿǶ˵Ѿ𣬽Ԫ֮壬ɴУȴ޿κΡ
һɱ¾ʱչеŭ𼸺ȫڴ˿̷йβϵ˲ƣȻķӳԼȫʵ
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ӣҪǼ˶һԺڽ㣡
ԪԱҲܹҶʹȫ
˵ĺ쳹ʣΪֻһˣЩ˲׼ܣȻթΪռƵ£ȴûѡ롣
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˸ܹӣΪˣǾ͵ˣʱҲⲻ·һ
ӵĺԣƬ֮бɱʮߣȫΪɱЩԪҲ׷׾ŵ롣
žžٴӸ߿յ䣬·вߵһʱȥЩƲ˶ɱ
ŨҵϢѪȷ綼޷սĲпᡣ
ͲЩ˲һֱչ˲ƣÿһ˲֮󣬱˱ɱеԪ֮ҲԽԽࡣ
ЩԪ֮ϳ˷ߺޣǷߺޣûһԪ֮ܣſɱ³
Щɽڵߣ˿Ҳо㣬ؼ޷׽˲ƹ켣ûԤУǾ̸϶γɻԵĴ
ɱԼĪ˺һŵԪ֮壬вһõע⣬ֻɱ¾Ƕĺô̫Ϊֵʵ̫ȱսԡ
ಣ
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581 
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Χļ߼ûԪԱķΧһû뵽Ԫ֮ģԣⱬը֮ȻǼıը
γĢưỊ̇ΧŨ̻ƣеӿ֮С
ըڼ߸ӦͱըΪ飬ռ˴󲿷֡
ʱ󣬻ܹȥѾֻʮ˲д󲿷ΪɽڵߣˣЩҲѾǱ
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ѲƶЩ߾һƽ٣ܹѾޱˣûΪȥ߶ѹ෴Щ˵Ŀ׷ױķ
ΧĿռгǿȻЩߵĿȴȫ˵֮УΪɢźʯָķ
ʮӰзɶݣΪ˽ΪѾԪԱ֮УԲŷͷ־壬Ӷʼᷨ
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һĿ⣬ѸٵĽ̽һ飬ȴûзصߡ
ʮ˵õ˲ٷЩѾʬ𼣣ܻɹ뷨
ǶˣʲôҪǸѾȥˡһŽɣ϶߻ǵ鷳ʮ˺Ϊһ򲻾Ŷӡ
һգ۾˵ܿ͵õ˵ͬǣʮ˰ΪߵͣѸٵһ͵ǿŶӡ
ڰʱǰѾŴ˴ıըֻϧŵĹ涨ս״̬£ڴ˴УΥΪԻŵơ
ԣЩ߷׷½طıУڵطֱʱ󣬵һ߲ǿӽ˴
صʮԽˣʱҲƣΪȻʮʵߣȫͬУֻʣ¼ߡ
ʮУɽڵߣʵȻرǿ󣬿һҲоЩΪѡ
һ˲øΧ͵͵ڿУ׼Χ·ȵؼʱٳֶᱦ
ڸղŵʱ䣬·ߵķҲʶ̽УоȻЩڵֿٵÿɲСԣҲŹλᡣ
ҪˣǸϿ뿪ɣһԵЩʱֻȴܹ뿪š
ȥΧ䣬˸Ҵɱۣ
һӰʧڿУʣµĶʼٵĳʮ˴ǰС
ʹĹأҲûܹͦκݣֻǸо˼ƺ


582 
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ҲЩɻ󣬰Բ²Ǽ˵ݣղʶ̽˲䣬Ǹɽٺڵ߾Ȼͣһƺܵ˱̽ĸо
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ԣЩԪԱҪЩԪ֮屾ǿϲ٣⣬׼«ưߵԪ֮
ҪԪ֪֮뷨ֻŵĻɢʱ̣ǿаסеĳ嶯׼жɽڵԪ֮
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ʣڷԲʮﴦɱߣЧ߿ϲҲ̶õʬȻĳŲǰС
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583 
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ߴڸϵˣгǧߣЩ˵ʱֻеԪ֮塣
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Ԫ֮壬ȻҲǻɵЩǰУ󲿷ΪΪ˶ɽڵԪ֮壬̱ɱ֮뷨
ΪɱЩǿԪ֮壬ôͻлᱻǶᣬ³ɻܡ
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584 
ЩˣղΪˣûϣڿøϴֳȥɱĳ嶯ΪԼǶɽٺڵĽޡ
ΪϰڰͻϮԭ˷˾ɱļƻҪɱҲĵȵֵĻᡣ
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ڰ֮УһâУͬӼһ㣬氲ֻӴڷӡ
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ģŸɾһ㣬һ£Ͳˡ´ҪٸҾɱ㣡
仰˵꣬˲ƶ˻ȵĽ

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Ҳ˲һΣȻΪһֻС׳棬ʼǰУеٶȻҲȽȴڵϱҪĶࡣ
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586 
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ͬʱͷ΢Ц˱Ƚ⣬һ֮ѾϵϴߵһˣһٴνȻΪߵ֧
α˺󣬿ѪɫЩ԰ףȴһҲΪԼǶɽٺڵĽޣôԱͬ߻أ
ףɫѪҺѵޣ
һ˫â̾ʶ̽ȴָʵΪɸΪԾ
ͬԾѣԵıǿĹ󣬾ȻֻǿѪû˵ļ
ǰҲЩȣΪ֪һ϶شȴûдɡԽԵĪ⣬ʦֵֻ֣ԼǶԷĶ֡
ȻڿУ˫âһϵѪɿʧΪǣЩѪʧڿУƤ֮УȻ·ڡ
Ϣ֮䣬ڵǳ֮Ѿʼɿĸԭƣȵ׼ٴνʱѾﵽԭеĹ״̬
ҪļһǣԶپ֤бɱӰ
Цû˷ûڵ߷ΪѾ޷ҵӣǾȫûʲô˼ˡ
ʮƣΪϼƣĽͱǣĹʹ򣬴򲻹ܣ
أҪսļǱоŭ壬ǿ֣˴ʱ͹Թ䣬Ǹ
ԽǿеսԽǿǿԽǿ
Ҳͬʱջˣλڵĳǰ԰֮޷ܶԷһˣͶЩˡ
ûбǿսҲǶɽڵĽͳȥˣҲΪûаڰ˵Ĺ²ˡ
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еϴָӵʱ򣬰˵ҲʼǣŨŨսҪǿ
ɣ
ЦȴûǰǺʮɣڵ߱һľ룬ΪԱ֤ڰ˵ϹвңȴҪһ֣Էڵ߽ɱ
ϣϴһ˵ξȻͬʱʧһ˲ơ
ֻܹжϰ˵˲ƹ켣ҲɰϬһͨȻ˲ƵʱҲûƻͷλ
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Ϊ˵Ľ󵽵жôǵǿʵһսҲԼʵߡ
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ɱ
ŭеĽɫɽ͵նǰˣһ֮󣬵ڶҲѾ
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һΣʹõַٵʹһԪ಻Ľģʽ


588 
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Ϊһγʿ˼һĵҲԶԶˣֻһģֻ²úҪˡ
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589 
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ʹϽʽǿĴ͸ԣ˰˵֮ƣǽռЩϷ硣
һٶȴԷҲͬˣ˫ԵЩΪ̣ȴ԰кôΪԵһǿɵķ֧
һȵڵĵĲֻ࣬¸޷ЩӳΧҲǿţһΪӵк䣬ڶӵб仯д˶ʽΪܣȻҲẦ
ģһ㣬Ǽʶҵ
ΪûҵӣЩǰİѿһһտĹͻȻͷһһƬ֮
бϱȻƣЩ鷨ĲҪĴ洢
ʵﵽɽٺΪûʹùбܵĹʱĳһжʹ繥
繥
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ЩΣʱ֪ԷǿȴԵЩΣΨȡַ׼Ǽ繥
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Ҳչ˲ƺٶȱǰ˿࣬Щͬӵһ㣬˰ˣȻݺݹϡ

̲סЦû뵽Լ繥ǿһ֮£ԷѾǱ޷ˡ
ɫ绷ŰˣһУƴȫȻ̲סҽг
һ󾪺ЩڵҲЩǰ˵ĴĿЦУˡ
˵ģȴ˹άͬһ㣬˵Ѿ֮λսð̣ͷ׷ױ˽˲ƣǶɽڵĶˣ㱻繥Ԫϡ
һƶһƬƬڻұƮɢڿУԭͷϵķ˿Ѿ֮Ĳڡ
ղŻ绪İˣѾΪ˹ͷҪǱжǱڰ£Ҫɱܡ
磬ûͷһȴ˰˸ͷڰ˶ԣεҪܣһݿգŭȴֶĴ־塣


590 
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ģڸоˬɣ
оеĶΪԷʵ̫ǱˣעѾеЩߵϡ
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мȵ뽫£ɴʱİӱ裬Ҳֱ˵ΪͽĻ֪ŵȻ취С
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Ƕϵһ£һ̵ͷǣȻ󲻻
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Ѫ
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ϲûǿȵ̽˲ʧĵطʱҲѾĵת˷λƤߡ
ϴڵΪϸ̽ĻҲ̽鵽ı仯̬Ϊû˻˱仯
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Ǹ
ϲŭ˵ֱֱĶƺЩŭ


591 
ʦյʦֶϢ˵ʦԵӾǰȥ̽ԷֻǸԪӤڵߣִҪʦƺΪһŮӶɽٵϢǣʵ棬˵ʦȥˣǸȴţȻвӣӱвûϵǵȴǻ֮ˣвǾǶ˻ŵȻͲһеĿʼɽϴ룬̶½أպλʦֵʦǵĵ
ʵ˵ЩƺԵ澡ʧʦⲻյ𷣡
ԭˣֻϧʦֲɽϣųȥ꣬ôѰɽҪǴʦ֪һޱȡǸ츳֮ǿȻڻŵʮԣܹΪӣɽͷҲΪǱķ֧֮һ
̾ϢҲĿⷢƺע⡣
ʦ֪ǺˣΪʲôôǿ츳ҲǳŴɣ
²ʼոоЩ׽͸ڲͬ
ӦòɣҼ˲ûбţǴ֮ˣ᲻ݣǿ˵
һۣȻΧչ֣̽ñѼϡ
ʵڴ֮⣬вɰԺЦԼǲеɶ뽫ԼӣԼѾˣеĻŶǿ󣬸οоݵһɵһԪأ
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ģȴһաˣ뿪Ƿ֮أȵ취̽Ϣ
ҡҡͷĳɽ·ȥȵɽͷ̻ΪΣȴǸıһ󣬻Ϊģ
ԶԶģϻſнƣвɰЦھʱͻȻеʦ𣿡
΢΢һЦҲ¶Էչ΢΢֣ѧõ˵ʦζʦɵǰѰôʦټǣЩ޴룬֪δѰҴʦʦϧΪָԽ򣡡
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ѵ˵غǴ˺ڵɸ֣
Щɻ󣬰ɽͷߵʵֲΪϴӵΪԲڴڣҲľ
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˭ҲᣬֱǰУһĹ㵽˵ʱĳڡ
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֮Է֣ȫǱԸֵķӦΪУֻܹǿоʶ̽ȴǲҵġ
Ϸʦ֮ǰȥѰʦλи㣬ҳţ
һ¹̬˵׼ǿгȥģΪЩص߸֣ûг嶯
ǰʾͣ
һ΢Ц˵Ȼһ˵ڻ޸˹أκεҪڳϵ͡
Щ⣬ԼֻðģʲôͣǱȭϷߵĴæ֪ɷ´ٲϳͣ
ͬʱ¶ɵɫһλҡͷ̾ϢǰǵӲӣʵ´˵˵ؾֻǧ֮أǰһȡ͡


592 
ô˵Ǿǲӣѵɱ𣿡
˷ʱ䣬Ҳ뱻ĸֶסԿʼúݻѹ⼸ˡ
ǰɱǣҲΥ鰡ҲС
˼ȺֲҷУΪ
ˣҲɱǣǸ赲ǾͱҲ
˵һѾչ˲ƣ׼ֱӳȥ
ģʲôƣ
˲֮ͻȻһɼ̵ĽƵ˻ǽƵʵ̫ǿ󣬾ķҲײ߻أŭ
ܼ򵥣ȥȴνƣһӻңȻŭ
ǰȥҪͨģһҪõ˵ϿɣųԽ봫󣬷򣬸ܳȥ
еһ˽͵ȴѾЩˣΪŵߣû˻ĵ˲ƳȥȫŰܡ
Щջˣ޲óɽǰνƣƵʵ
һʣǳ¶ˣɫԵЩ̰γɽ˾롣
ģӳȥ
˵ͬʱһȭһ˵ؿڣֵסһȭ֮£徹ȻȫޣֻԪ֮˳
һӣߵԪ֮㵽УϽߵڡ
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һ˲ɣϽɫвԪ֮˵Ԫ֮˵
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Ҳ˵ֱӳһԵķ룬ЩɻǶô޶أ
ȻصĸֲжҲֵɣвԪ֮ڵִһҡ֮оȻһģһĴ󣬷׷ɢɫĹΡ
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ǰмͨģһ߾ֵ˵֮ȴһ˿Թ֮ɫ
ƭң
ԥķϽ棬֮еǸԪıѾϽջٵ
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ƭңǾ׼ɣ
ȵ¹شҪǽ˵طΣյĵشǿɾǴ󱯾磬ԼŶˡ
ǰûѣ
ͬʱģŵԪ˹ȥı΢΢һЦȷ˵ʵ
ãٸǶһλᣬ˵ȷĴΪһһͣǴĵطһһʱǵԪ֮壬ǿɵˣ
仰˵նŽ봫
Ƿˣֵ̾İָı䷽ָұߵĴһΣﻹƭû뵽Ȼ˶ɡ
ܺãˣǾ͵𣡡
κԥұߵĴ󣬵󣬴̷ҫ۵İ׹⣬Ȼ֡
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ֻǲ֪ΪβֱǰԼȴҪ٣ѵ鷳
ܹ֮˵ټȫģʶ̽鵽ġ
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Ȼֻһ֮䣬ȴȷغǷڳУ䵽ѰԼ䶯һ£ЩԼ
ھʱس߲ɵɴ۾ΪѾȷû뵽ֻˡ
ǣ̽Ϣ˳ȥǣûԭǼջ֮ʱΧ㴫Χ۵˫ۡ


593 
ЩΧߣоɣȴ˸ǰѯ
ֱǧ֮Զߵסȥ·
˱ʾΪΪñӶܹ뵽˽Ƕɽڵߣʹʶ̽ŷ֣һλɽٺڣΪɽڵߡ

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ᣬȻ֪Լ̽ΪһǶԷʵΪӵкüֱ£ͲԷӡ
Ƶʱ̴ŭԵʱ˿׼䣬Ѻעɽʤˣȴʧˣעȡˡ
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Χֵаٶˣд󲿷ΪڵߣЩҲֻпֵķݣҳѯʡ
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594 
£֣ʲôһе
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˾͵Χߵ˵ȻΪ˱˾ԲƣΧ߲Ųôֻ࣬˵ս

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ƵĶλܵЦŴ粻ҪɱøһȥĥǲŸиĿС
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ϴصЦ⣬ǰͰĵ͵ԷĽ


595 
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ΨһָΪԼһжʵİ֡
ƵʵǿȥɱĶܵˣΪ˫ʵЩԲŲæԹ
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596 
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һըⷨԽǿγɵķЧԽãһɥʧսɫ԰׶ҵѾ뵽սʧܵ³
ǿûߣ粻Ķ֣ǸϿ뿪˵أԺҪˡʵ̫ǿûлᱨģ
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597 
Ѿ˼ŭ˦һǲơ
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һһ
ƾˣоԼҪʧȥˣһ£ԪҲܵ˺˸ήҡ
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Ҳˣ
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ಣ
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ҲҪԪˣǾѾƵ޷޸ĵزŶܵܵԪ񱻱ץץĺҪ
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˵ҲΪȾµܵܣȻѰܣԱƴ
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ûзſеԪ壬ͻȻӳһϽĿǲƣȴǷסΧĿռ䡣
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汰ɣϿҵܵܣҾԪԱͬھ
Ʒŭĺϧȴû쵽£ԱҲˣ


598 
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ͬΧ߶ĳͣʵ̫ˣʵҲǳǿ󣬾ȻԽɽٺڵŪڹ֮С
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ʲôأʵǿǹأչʾǿʵ󣬳ά򣬿
ʵʵѾͳɽٺڣֻǼ֪ˣǴﵽ˴ڵΪҲûôðʧԭ
ΪʱʵѾƽڣͻһΣеĶ֣οڵʵҲһܹ
û֪֮Ǹϼ޻ߣ֪֮ԲſЦ˲뿪ıӰ
ڽ˵Ԫ֮󣬵ʼϥ׼ⲼƵԪ
ȫͬĿĿҪɶԷļ䣬ץסƵԪ֮󣬽ԪǲƵ
ͬΪɽٺڵߣʶΪ棬ΪȶԷҪǿһ㣬οղʹϽ˺˶ԷʶʶӦⲻ
ŷڣֵʹԪƴֵ˵ԪϽİΧչĽ
ΪӦúܼ򵥣ȴҲķҹ겼Ƶʶ䣬Ȼƽķ
ĹңѾֽĻʹƽʱȻԺѪӡ
һǴߵʵһ
һоϵƽУбԵ츳ҪãԷȲƸǿƽ׽ƺмӳǱ
ݳʱѾǵ죬γ֣ʹ÷ɳȻĬĬΧ
У󲿷߻ڽֵǰǳԣ˵Ѿ˵񣬾Ҳղѣ˵ôɽˡ
ڳϸһʱŻԭɱģͻȻĳڿУ˲һ
ڿ󣬲̼һҾ׽ֻǵͷӻ֣ԹԵķȥ
ۣǰзȣᰡУȻڳɷУ̫ˣ
ǣǿǰɱɽٺߵǿˣҪǸʵҲ鷳ˣ
Уԭеһջ
»صǼջȻѵķǾƲˣסޣһʯҪѣΪĳ֣ջͻȻ¥֮мӿ˼ʮĽ
ҲӣЩɻ󣬰յ˵Ǹغڼ֮ӦյϢѵͲ᷵
ʹǸӹغĵСҲ֪غʲô·ֻ֪һߣʴ
Լʱ䣬ԭغλãҲתɵһμغʱģΪֱغڴ˴ġ
ֻǣ֪ǷͬĻҲıòɣ
ƣΧ˷ܵƣƺܹɸҲһҫ
еԽԽ࣬ʹʶһ̽飬ʱעŸԵ̬ΪغпܻЩУҲıòı
ӣδȴӵĵоһ鲻䷳İ̽Ŵߡ
ԼĪʱʱ䣬Ŀڶϣ˶ƵĸоҶǵʵЩ׽͸Щ档
һݸ߸ӵߣЩݣʱ⣬ƺ˼ʲô
һǻһУ̧ͷԵЩ֣ʾҲΪ˫ۿ˵ĸоЩڲͬȴơ
пɵˣһƾ䣬һƾо
ˣĸغأغҲȺУȻһΧ۰ɣ
ţĽעмǸϣǸݸ߸λΪԼĳˣΪʼûԼһۣ˵ƺͼı
غɣ㲻Ҿͽ㾾
ͻȻ˵ˣһ仰˶ԻС
˭غ
˷׷Σȴû˭ֽغ
ݸ΢΢һȴ͸ĳֵâһۿ˸󵨵Ĳ²⣬˿ǻǸиԼĸ֡


599 
˵ı죬ҲǶȴڲĳ
һ˵òԸı䣬еȴı䣬رһ˵ܻ¶Щߡ
ǰֻǻغȴԿ϶ˣԼûôʱغ׽Բأһָ
ңغǰɣҽعأȻͬգȴǽغ
ӹ˵ݼܱ棬Χ߸Ի󲻽⡣
㣬ɣҪϴκƵҲ㶪ܸòһҰɣЦ
Щˣû뵽εôãȻᱻϳɿЦҡͷȻҡڵĳȥ
СӣôϳҵģغƵʵ
Ϊһ㵽ҲƵȴЩ
ȥΪʦ㵽þȻϣ㻹ǻˣСӻĺ֣ôԪԱʧˣ⻹İ˼⣡
غҡͷ˵лںôǽʧġ
ҿԸ㣬ȸһµĴ𰸣ôǻסԷʱһӦؾͲᷴˡ
ʲô£
غȴûôǣʵ
£㲻ӦǾˣҲܣ
кܼȴװƽģҲЩ͸
ռƣ
غһӣΧһɫĿռƣ޷ڵ
ãҴӦ㣡غش
ǰʵʵ˵˵ԼһλʦڶٵĹʧ˵࣬ģԱȷǷ֪
գ۾ͻȻЦٵİŮӶǣ˵ǸʱΣһŮӶ٣˵ûκһǺϣ
̸һʱʧԭԼѰٵˣȴٵģ
Сӣ˺أһǵһζ˲ӦúܲЦ
һˣ
鿪ʼõ䣬Ѱòټһ㶼ģ
СֵܣѹˣղƭңҲƭ㣡ʵ˵λϲˣѾˣĿǰѾɽ磡㾡ɷģ
غͻȻЦ˵
غ仰ǿļһڣԭʧһ±ʣȴЩɣ֪غڹⰲοԼ㵽ˡ
㲻ңҿӡСֵܣԵʮǰһΣμһ꽵ϡǸ˻ΪİһΪǿһͳݡңһԤ⵽һǸˣڵһʱҾصĸоǸеˡǣΪԣȴ㲻ҲǸıǶõڹͰɣ
غͻȻЩ˷ܣβеļ
ⷬ˵㲻òغˣԼԽܣ⻹ǵһ˵ܹ֪ܣǰغΪӡ
ҲǶԵģȷʵֻ˼ʮ꣬Ҳһͳݵ롣ȷĸңǲѾɽˣغ۾˵
ȷ
غ򵥵Ķʱеĵǡ
ҲЩɻģԼھѾﵽ˶ɽٺڣһﵽڣǾͿԷԼѵڷ֮ǰıݵˣôжʱԸԼһͳݣǵҪ꣡
غʱѾеץϲˣΪֻ˼ʮ꣬ʵѾﵽ˶ɽٺڣ⵱ǰ޹ˣߡ
˵ģƾױȵ츳غҲᴴһΰҵ
˵ԼɻʱغȴЦ˵һ䣺ȻˣЩǵѭΪνй¶ֻҪģձػ߳һԼ·⣬㣬㲢һڰڷҲõģ˵Լȥɣ
⣬Ī⣡
ЩȴغϾӵⷽ츳˵ԼǻҪھݴϰ꣬ȻЩ⡣
˺ܾãĿתĶŶ˵飬׷ײ²غݣԼ˵оʲô顣
ȡʱͬʱЦȻｻʹһһȣһϣֱ
޲ɢ֮ϯ
ʱ֣Ѿֵغ׼ػţ׼Լµ;ȷƽɽҪǼԼΪȻǰһݣҲһԪڵɽڡ
غ߳ջֱŶȥûмųţΪﻹЩûд
ǸԼݸ⣬ֱԼǵˣڻŷ߷ˡ
ңƺҲջǵıǾ̫ԲԼˡ


600 
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Ҳųг˸֣ǰΧۣϧһ֣ɫ䡣
ѾָԭòڿУȴջپۼǧߣȫԼ
ǸòҲǶɽٺڵĽޣҪԸЩѶȣ
з±ʱԸˣΪԼһڵߣԼȥԸˣƺЩ̫ǡ
ಣ
ֱӳųȥҲЩ棬׷ŵ泯ӿȥ
ڷɵ̳Ұ֮ؼɣһ£Щֵڶѡ˷ʱͺñִһΪЩĽ̸۵Ķ
ǸмƷɽ͵͵ȥûᱦ
ŹˣȴûдŹȻĵĸ󣬶ǸҲ˹ȥ
һɽȣֶȴĿ֣Ǵڵ߱һжٵĲ࣬ȴû뵽˾ȻҲ˹
ಣ
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ǴߵΧҲвţЩ˶ǸģȻǲϷ
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ЩԼ̫ʴˣŹˣȴû뵽˾ȻҸԼע⡣
λǰеĹ֣кιأ
ͬˣһƺڤڤ֮УѵעҪΪԼĽ
ʱеĸֶɽ֮У˵ԵΧɽʯΪһ壬ϸ޷ִ˴վһˡ
ڿУӸµĴڴ֮ǰѾ֪ɱߣлһɽٺڵߡ
ԽԽսĳ嶯Уرеϴ󣬱ΪɽٺڵĽޣȻ㹻һս
ִţҲǸո˵֪ʹѪ˲ʵ֪Ѿȡƽֻ¼ԶԶġ
ֻϧϴȱԸˣȻΪԶ
£Сӽ
ӥһҲܴ󣬺ųƺڰ֣һֱóڰɱоΪʹΪ˵ʵߣԲû˼Ŀ
αأЩûٶȡ˵ķɣΪλҪ鷳أǱȽͬˣ飡
΢΢ЦЦͬʱҡҡͷöĺӥЩȻ֣Ȼܹоķŭ
ϻ˵Һӥս㣬ʲô¾ʵ˵죬ֻһ˿Ի뿪ӥȻ˵ŵļ˷ɽ
ͬΪɽٺڵĽޣӥкǿģΪʤһԼ
׼ɣ
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ͬĽޣǸΪĴûᣬɲŹλᣬԾʹѪҲʹƽԶɽٺڵĽԷһս
У
ӥ˵ͬʱһһֱͬʱӥͻȻʧ
Щɻ󣬲ûеֵӿĽ̽Է
Բ˲ƣεĳ⹦д󾪣֮ڻţԷεַӸԼȻЩȫ޷̽鵽Ρ
ǶԷ˲ƣҲÿԸоɣ˵ʲôȻϢֵزѵʲôܲɣ
ڳס˿еǵȻɻ
ͻȻһɫĽ壬Ѿܽһٶȿ磬̱㷢֣ЩֲĻӽֵ
ǽʱԷʧˣƵĵطҲû뵽ԷֶξȻѹеӸսԼ
Ҳ̾ϴĪ⣬ЦƺѾڽ
ֵڶʱ򣬶ԷĵѾһǶЩʤͬʱҲǺܷƵʽ
ķӦֵĿǰģķӦٶԼǿҲǺӥЩ⡣
˵սʼˣȴ֮սǺӥӦԶɽٺڵĽʵÿжУɽٺڵߣֻûñӥĵ
Ȼһʱ֮޷̽鵽Էڣȴţ嶼ûתһ£ֻǲʱһֵͻȻֵĽϮ
˼ӣӥ̽Ϊƽ֮У͵ϮȻֻܹռ΢ƣԼһжֵܣԷҲνη塣
ɲô룬жѾЩȤƴԷһϣҲ޷Լɣ


601 
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Ƭ̣ȴЩ͸Էķַʵ̫ǿˡ
ʵֹڵҲƣΪҲ޷̽鵽ӥ˲ƹ켣ԵЩˡ
ʲô
ʵŨҵȤ
㲻شˣǼ崫еĹҼ֮ˣ޷ôѵ𣿡
ӥЩſЦ
ڱǰ񣡡
˵仰˵ٴαǣǺɫĽ⣬͵һȥȸղţһʹ˶ɽٺڽ޵ȫʵ
¡
ӥеıɣ֮£ˣŷ֣ͬΪһĽޣԼƺھϻǲԷ
УвЦΪ츳ߣͬǰȻռݾʵơ
ӥǽӽģԸͬĻʵµߣͿԡһʡƾַͨɱ
ãԣڰͬҹ͵Ϯȴ޷ǰռ̫ıˡ
ë󣬺ӥЩںڰбԷɵĸоɲܣΪھʵϾȻȶԷһأһ͵ϮɱļƻҲƲ
ֵǣһϣϻӥ
ಣ
ӥҲ˿УַǺӥһȴΪΪܹģ̽鵽
Ȼȴװ̽鲻ƾΧ
ڳ£սԵúܹ죬ֻõɫɫĽȴֻһ˵ΣһսԵù졣
ģΪͺţưӻ仯أ
а룬׼ú뿪˴ҲͲٹ˼ɣڿĿʼȻˣҲЩȣû뵽Ҳӵļܡ
ֻǶԷߵҲɽٺڣԸ޷̽ںεأֻоһɽڿС
һᣬΪ˷ɽһ֣ǷɽĽ֮ϣȴ˭ҲԷֵġ
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ֻһɫķɽʱʱֵĺɫǴڵ߶ɵˣ˼龰аûǰ֣εˣǸս
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ԷɽΪɫӿУһԷҲƱػᱻ
һɫĽâӭ˽ɫɽĽһŷɽǰȥͼԼƷɽ޼᲻ݵȥݻٶԷķɽ
ôɽڵЩ޿κΣûʱܡ
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ӷɽϴһɫĻֱӽԲʮɵĿռ串ǣٶ˿ؽٶ
ȷߵĿɫһٺ£ߺΧ
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Ϊڷɽ֮ϣɵĽ˵Զݽ˺䣬һпúӥȫס˿Уڲ֮


602 
һ˺ЩĴҲȫС
ӥѾһ˶ݳΣʱԼΪߣڶԷǰͻȻԵޱȵС
ɱ˺Ȼûǽһٴγһ߼ȥ
㿪ӥŭһеķɽѾݺݵնеĽɫɽ
оˬСڽ֮ϣ㱻ԷĽ֣ܵҲѾԼԿƷɽչ
ɫķɽٶ͵̾ǺӥĽأɽڵ߸ոһӴĽ
ɽٺڵĽ޶϶ɽڵĽޣϱɱĿԣο˽һµĹ
֪ӲȻŭԪԱ
һУҲûȫԤϵɽ˲նλס
ɽڵĽԪԱֱ֮ӽǺӥҲըɣǺӥڵľ뻹ңԶĻлὫӥҲը
СʽڣǼƷɽĽҲ˶ԷԱ֮ƷɽıԷɽ˱ըɣʵûʲôˡ
ȻȴŷɽֱֱĵɽȣȻΪһˡ
ӥмʹְֵܵԼҲըˣڱըɵͬʱѾڿ˲Ѫ
ΧĿ֣ӥƲסε棬ֻαըУԼڵٱһ֮࣬һ˲ơ

ӥٴŹ۲ΧķɽڵϣȴѾ֪ˣȻɽҪˡ
һĳĬӥһɽʯ֮䣬çײжǵȴȴȷȫж
ǱɽȻ𣬺ӥ̰˫۶ǷɽõȴΪ֪ڵΣ
ɽоĵģֻɽ紵ɽȵΧЩصͬסĹ۲ɽ֮С
Ҳżβ壬ǺӥϵֻȴЩΧЩصߣԸûڳġ
ӥҲΧĲߣдŭȴס׼ȵȷϰȫȥȡɽ
ΧһȺжʮ֮࣬ڵȴԼĪʱǷɽȻһѾ̰֮ģ˺õļƷɽ˭ֲӵУ

֪˭һһȺȿֺĳɽȱȥ
˭ҲϷҪˣһɽٺڵŭڡ
ʱˣͱϴˣ˭б˭ģ˵ǲǣɵ
ڶõǷɽһɽٺߵӣ׷ͬ
ಣ
һжʮˣжɽٺڵıаˣжʮðķɽȥ
ӥɲҿ϶ǲ壬ЩˣûָڵһȻᡣ
ᷨǾ;ԻγɱЧ
Ƕʮͬʱ˲ɽȣбв˷׷׽ɱ¾Χߡ
̴ըҽһУֱӱɱˣԪ֮塣
ȻûǰɽٺڵͻȻЭһ㣬ͬʱʼΧߡ
ɽٺڵ֮£ʣµҲûӹɱĽ֡
Ԫ񣡡
һгһ澵Ӱķ˼ʹŵЩԪ֮ӴܣٶĶԪѾЩС
湻ݵģ
аЩһᱦȻǲֶΣɱ¾ķǳ̡
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ܵĴţʽԣֻж˵СŶӳԱɫЩȴֲķǰĶɽ
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ŮͻȻһڴͬʱ⼯йǶˣǶҲƺԤϣչ
ٴη˶ǽޣǶȴǡöǶɽٺڵĽޣȫ˵֮⡣
ɽٺڵĽޣһսͬߣⲢʲô£ǶҲǷľϲûϵͬǽޡ
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ڵѩͱըˣҲǺӥҲˣԼȴš
ӥпʼΪΪֹķɽûж壬־ʵֲ̫ˡ
˫սڼɽٺڵ߻սγɵĽռ䣬ʱŭȴûȥᱦΪ˭ҪǸȶᱦ϶˵Ĺ
Ϊ˷Щ˲νƴȫжǾʵսһˣЩ˿ûǱ̬ķǿй£Ҳ⡣


603 
˫ȴЩƾУ˵ǶɽٺڵĽ΢֮УȻսҪǼȥֻ˫ᱻĴʱᱦʸûˡ
ΧۣҲЩ˵ۣƴ˭ʸȡҲֻܹΪ°ɣҪǲƴЩҲģˣǵ۵ĸо
ΨսԲǶɽٺڵĽ޺Ϊһ޵϶Ǳߡ
ӥĽӽķɽȴȻԥ塣
ʱʱƣǶɽٺڵĽЩסˣΪ˸ıսַһޣһһɽٺڵĽٵѹ˺ֹһ
һȴЩյĹⱣʵ׼ȽǿֻͬԼȡĻŻ
ȻҲбףһûаնԸĶɽٺڵĽޣб׵ǽ˵Ϯ
ѾˣȵͬҵԼ˷ļʲģ˴ʱĵܹ׷ԼŹˡ
µĹ۲˵ı֣ȻЩƴһգ¶սҲƵƵͷ
٣Щ˵̾ԲܹͣʱͷʱҲǵһλġ
˺ϹĽЩסˣŭȫأȻһʱ᲻ᱻԷɱɳȥ
ɣ
ɽٺڵߺܷŭʹֻʼʧѾ߱ɽͬʱ룬Ԫ֮һʱɶȥһҲûԭͣ
λͣ£
ʣµһɽٺڵĽЦʱͬչһǸɽٺڽ޵ͬҲô׾͹ҵ
ʲô˵ģھвģһɱ飡Ůӵ
˷׷׸ͣŭǶɽٺڵĽޡ
ƺԤϣЦǱˣֻһУֻܹһ˿Զȡչɱ¾磬ҰһѰɣ
һЩã˷׷ԥ֮ɫͬʱѡֿͬˣ˭ԸҺǶɽٺڵĽЦ
΢˼һһҵǾĵɱҵȣҵƣ
⼸Ҳ׷׵ͷɽٺڵĽҡͷ̾ϢһȻԶԶ˿ȥЦң˳ɣҪģҿɲæ
һʱҶ֣ԷһԻҪɱԷûκλȡ
ɱŮӸߺһȳɽٺڵĽɱȥ׷Ӧ
֪ôƵű㿪ʼȦӺˣֻɱȴûк⡣
ýƻļһ
оһӰ˲˹ȻסԼķɽԼڷɽ֮ϡ
ץĳϧȴûɽٺڽ޵ٶȿ죬˷ܵ׼˲֮ʱͻȻоһӴĽϮ

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͵ϮĲǱˣǺӥŷɽûκ⣬̳͵Ϯһоٶ̫죬ֱնԴ
ɽ֮ʱӥЦļɽɽѾΪ֮вɿЦҲΪǱԼֵԪԱʱըˡ
Ϊ֮һ㶣̴Ź˵ʵӥʵҪӥˣοӥѾսˡ
ӥ׼֮ʱͻȻоеķɽȻڴʱˣһŵĺӥɢ뽫ɽӳȥ
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ɽͻȻðϽɫĻ棬̵ĺӥɿ˫֣ûǲ壬÷ɽԼС
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ӥͻȻŭΪһڰߣȴԷ͵Ϯɱˣúӥаûޱȡ
ȷʵǸѹ㣬㲻ĺ
˺ӥĶУû˿ԥֱնӥ塣
ΰıߣ
ӥͱɱ壬ʱܵΧԪֻ֮жݳ壬ɲǼ䱻ĽΪ顣
ںӥԪܵͬʱһɫķɽֱӰεĸźӥ
ɽٶ֮쳬ӥԤϣԪ֮壬׼ƾԷɽԪдǣӥȴԼˣǴķǳס
һڿ죬ķɽնӥԪ֮˲䣬ȴðϽɫĻ棬Ȼڿб㶤ס˺ӥԪ
ϽӿӥԪ֮Уŷɽٶն£ԪٴܵشϽѸٵȼԪ֮塣
Ҫˣ
ӥʱԪԱȴѾ̫ˣΧϽѾѸٵźӥһС
Ҳģ
ӥڷʧȥ˼һϽɫĻڿѸٵȼţΪһŰɫĩ
ͬʱˣҲɽȻйߣһɽٺڵ߸ɱˣ


604 
ڽǺӥԪ֮˶ԿǴߵ׼ûǰɽٺ߷
뷨ɺӥԪ֮ģȴٵǰΪڴ˴ɽ٣Ͳȫ
Ŀ޼᲻ݵķɽڿţвʣȴֲҳȥȡɽǱԥ
ಣ
ͻȻĳڿУŽɫɽһĻʧޱȣһɵɵ
Ǽ׼ȥѵ𣿡
˵ŵ˲ǳϣŵȻˣǲԣΪǱղŵһĻˡ
һɱɽٺڵĽޣԪ֮嶼ɱʵʣƾʲôԶԿ
˲ûԶΧҲǼ۲ƺڴ
ɱͬʱͽӥϵķУЩ߻ڲԶߵڿʼ˭ҳǰɱ⣡
仰ЩҲΣ׷ǱӣЩԪ֮ҲεԶΪ˭Ҳ벻׵¡
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˵ʱԵЩ棬ΪԷǴڵߡ
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Ӱһݸ߸߱ǰһ·ĸ٣ѾЩˣЩʵ
츳ˣˣ
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ӦǴڵߣ֪кιأ
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֪ʣɱеӣѵҾûɸʵҵɱ㣡侲˵
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Ц˵ȷʵִսһ뷨ȴԸǺӥһ㣬ΪԷĽꡣ
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ˬЦһʱѪȻ㱻սǣŷɽ׼Էһս
еͷҲҴ⣬кսףȻǰվ
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о̾ڴߵǿзӿǿҵս⣬ʹƽһʽ
΢΢죬û뵽ԷԼİ˳£ȻֻǷɳȥˣûˡ
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ǹǿĽѹ£ԼĪʮɣеƵķֽ֣ɫĽѾ͸ԼĽֻòһŽеĽ
Ľѵ츳ˣȻôѧƽ˵һʽһбһн쵹ҪúüʶһˣеϾȻڴ顣
ˣڵ߹Ȼʵǿ󣬲Ҳ䣬ӵڶаɣ
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ƽһֻУÿɼӱЧ츳пܴﵽߵʮЧҲߴﵽЧѡ
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605 
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ѣĺƽֻУӦòҾʵĶ˰ɣ̾Ц˵
صһЦҲ𻰣ٴλӳһһȻǿоȻƴ˸֮ɫ
ЩˣȵĿʹƽĽкܾȣôҲ벻ƽеʽ
ܵһЦ˼ʹѪֻܹСʱңԼԳСʱܹѸٻָ츳йأкڵϰϵ
ڣƽڷѾգ֮ʱԽʦǺƽķԴҲʲôѶȡ
οٴظʹһĿֻʱ϶Ѫˡ
Ҫȣе彣أ
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ҪͬʱάסѪƽȻһ׵飬һѵõĽֻᣬƴš
㵽Ϊֹд裬ȴҲɽٺڵߣȻҲҪƴȡʤֻʱƣֶԷ½ٶȾȻǳ
һαʱѾǰʱƽΪ̣ʵһ±½˺ܶ࣬ԷûչҵĹ
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й˵ЩĶԷı⣬̷뿪
ԶȥıӰͻȻ¶һ˿ƣ̬һʧڿС
УϥڿУղĹȣԵЩ˥ߣҪһʱָ
һ֮Żָڵȣǿʶڵڶռ̽ȥ˵һ֮С
ոͻȻеһӰĴԶϲ¶Ц⣬˲Ǳˣ顣
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Ц˵ſ飬ȴԼˣʱǰ˵˫徹Ȼͣסţ˵ĸоĺЩˡ


606 
ǰӣڻѩ֩ʱ㽫װУΪԴףñ仯˵ģʱиһݻ롣
ദˣǽ顣
ǰ֪Լе飬γ֪Ů֮أʱôʵǹΪ֮˫嶥š
ĺһڣ飬ЦС飬ſɣˣåˣ
ҾҪˣåϲ
ȻһЦͻȻͷ²ҿ
֣
޶ԣ˫ץסļ򣬽ƿˣЦ粻ˣå
ڱƿһɲǣͻȻ棬Ө˳۽ǻ䣬ȴûп޳ﵽľ硣
һ£ɵˣȻЩ֪룬ì֪ԼΪʲôͻͻȻˡ
Ůᣬر׵ŮԼǰᣬÿһʹڶԷеʱԼҲͬƵʵ񼶯
ȷʵίģû뵽ȻԼʱƿԼһ뵽ĸоʱбΪԼоŨŨı
£Ҳֹס˳ȻǰǸǿƣܼǿŮӣǰȴͬһ۵СŮһ㣬ϣõ
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˵ǰѩ֩ᷢưĸоǾԲŵģɿ״飬лһ㲻֪ǲǰĸо
ʱоƺԼҲһ㣬ЩʹǳȥһѽסҲӣƾ˫Լš
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һ˵ԴǿУûж޴ǣȴʵЩסˡ
һ£ıñ˷㶣ȴסˣԭһֱϲԼԭϲ˵ļ򵥡
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ЩʱͻȻסһסһʼޱƽӡ

鲻ԽķһȻŵĻһĽӽı۾΢΢̧׼ӭĲߢ
һӹȥûǣЩɻ۾ȴԼЦЦĻôӢȴЩаȡ
Ϸˣ鵱ЩСִزǲѧͻᣬ󻵵
ѵǻǺˣʲô
Ц糺֮ɫԽˡ
ϲҵĺˣֺߵ˵Ȼı۾Ľչȥ


607 
ʥˣҲԲʯĳ֮ˣ֪ǰŮİԼԼҲгĸȻҲôų⡣
Ҳµİ飬ôĿ飬ָо鵽ʱ򣬾ͬС¹͵͵Ǳ֮ɨҶ֮ƣӿȡ
϶ָо϶ǰˣеĹ˼Ҳͱȴ⣬Ⱳע޷һһ޵ˣȴҪԼÿһŮˡ
ķ֫㴽˫ʱԵЩ֪룬ȴ¶Ц⡣
ȻԽЩ׳գڣ˫ס촽˵˫Ҳͳ׵ĵһָоϵõ˼㡣
˫ֽķ˻ˣ˫ǶϣѾʼڶԷı̽
һθоԼһ˻ʧҲſ죬ԼͷԷ⡣
ǺǶϲˣڵһνʱ΢ĸоֻûһһʵ֣Լ
ҲЩӣСʱгԭʼУһȥǰС
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С飬ҵŮˣӴԺֻϲһˣҾΨһˣһ㣬㣡
Щ֣µ˵ⷬ˵һ̻Ӧ磬ԸŮˣԶ
Ǻǣԣ
˵ͻȻһ䣬ݵϾͻ㱱һ飬еС棬ҳʧȻʹˮϵϴͰĲݴԣûϵɣǲݵؿž̺һɾȴȻС
Щ˼ĿǴ̵Ĳݵϣ£ٴʹһƣܱ߱㱻һ͸Ĺ֣˿Щɳɧš
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Ķˣֻλõ棬ͻȻСֻĽ⿪ɫȹӽչǽѩļѩ׵ĶǶһбǰ
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ڲݵϣǶ飬Ϊ循̾ɽ壬ƽԭݵأȻ˵ľ£˫Ķš
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磬ΪŮˣҪôأ
һסӵ˵
񰡣Ҫ
ʱ̲סˣѾ˫棬ǰ͹µģͲûѪˡ
˵ԼȻĹڵأȻߴ

Ц۹µ顣
ϲͺã
ͻȻƵߣȻ壬촽
£˫š

鷢ΪжֻץסԼ˫壬ָо鲻ԽķУܿЩΪǶֻͬħһ㣬סԼ˫ʱͬĸо鲼ȫ
С椣
Щˣ˫㲻˵ĻС
ͣ
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۾һı˵ϣӣӶԷϴȶоԽ̡
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һѾʧȥƾ˫ʩ
ħ˫£ѾͶˣо崫ĸо
ĹȴָѾ̽ŵߵ磬Ҫﲻ˼
ʪ͸ˣС椣űɣ
аȵЦֻ÷ĻУƾڡ
֪ŮҪһ˯ȴ֪ڣ뵽XXOOڿһ޴İҪԼʱ̱ŵɫҰס


608 
磬Ҫô󣬽ȥģ
鼱仰浰ۣ˾Ĳףֻú԰οȻڽӽǳʪĹȴ
ΪĵһΣԣСܵĥţڽ롣
ܵ˵ܿЩ̲סˣ壬о˿̾ȻǳڴԷһ
磬ҪŪˣҺ
鱾ܵ˵о֣лһĸо
ܻЩʹҽˣ
˵仰΢΢ľнһ㡣
ʹʹֻƺ˺ˣо۵޷ܡ

ĺᶼʹ飬ޱϧǼϣò΢ԥһ£¶ģηľֱ

ٴηҽʹȴսܵ˺ͬʹ˺ѵʹĸԸʹΨܡ
һͺˣ粻ˣ
ο壬ӡ
磬Ժ󲻻ỹҪɣʹѵÿζʹ𣿡Щʵ
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˵˼뻹Ǻ׸ıģżӻĹȥͻȻоʹ𽥼٣ֺĸо򲻶ϴ
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˫ץס˫壬ȻӴ󣬺ܿ鲻ķ˵ָоĺҲ
磬һǺ㶯һ°
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һᣬѾϲַʽΪĸоԽԽǿָоȴ˵鲻Խĵк磬˫Ҫץס塣
ԼĪƬ̺ڴﵽϵĵһθ߳德εʱҲоڵĹĿʼУĴŮнϣȻõһĺô£ΪԻӵģֻǻٵˡ
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λû꣬Ǽ
аȵһЦЩ֪һ𣬶˱һ΢΢ϥڲݵϣ֮ϣ˵ȻСܵһ
뵽ԭ˺Ůһ𣬻ԭΪ˯ǰˣѾЩκģܿоˬĴ̼ˡ
ԥĶоС̵ܴܵĺȫˣ˶ƮƮȻĸоֳˡ
ҲˬһŮ˵Ĵ˫̰ͦβľҰڶֺˬĸоҲСܴܵ
һΣ˼籩ƵXXOOֱˬĲʹȥнķ߷µļУΪ̫̼ˣЩ޷Կˡ
о˰Сʱ德ʱѾγСܵܣȻСȻš
һڽ󣬶˾ΪԵΪϯڲݵϣյǿա
齥ָƽߵؿڣСؿڻЩƤĲǹؿڻȥ
磬ھŮ˰ɣŮãѹѡŮˣЦ
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610 
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ԼĪСʱٴжһǰһɽڣһΪɽٺڡ
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ûü֣û뵽˾ȻʼΪ˷ɽ
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żĹۿǰĺϷһʹһ̲ס¶Źֵɫı渡ֳ߳ɫâЩֻܹâ֮ϣ޷ͻâķ
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ΪѾӵдڵΪӵб仯֮ؼװǷǳ򵥵飬Ϊ˱Чڵ弸ͿΪأϽѪǵ֮иҲ̶õĶڣԪ֮Ѿ֮С
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仰˵ֱȳɱʮɽٺڵߵĺأڴڵ߶һ
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ΪݵɣӦûоĵͼԣӻŽһݾ֮ͼԱʱ֮衣
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˿ʼϷУһʮڿзУżŮһͬУҲżһԪڣԲںٶж죬ǽε;һ
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׹һȻãǶԭʵȻҲûܹ
࣬ʵΪڣʹʶ̽£ֻڵΪ˵ȵΪĹǺġ


618 
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Ц˵ʱùŶӣΪλŮ̸˵ԲŽְλȡ
ȣϳ嶯ޱȣʵȴһ㶼ɵһ㣬Ÿҽ񽻸ҲζȽ縺Ρ
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ЩջӰ˲ƹЦһ˹ȥ

ߴĳٶȣһ޿κεıһϣ鲻Խķ˳ȥһУǶ̶һ˲顣
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ߺܿ㵹ѪµĽ£ֱʱȻĿ
Ӻ˼𺽣һ·ϣ˱ͬһɱŶһ㣬ֻҪиƣֵģһɱ⡣
һ·֮ϣΪ˵ıʵԵúܵͣ鷳ǲϣһҪԭĪ˵òⷴǸ鷳ԭ
;УͻȻ֣Լ̫뻯ˣֻⱲҲ޷ִһԪڣҲΪɽ֮ȫ񹫵С
Ի£ССϺһЩڵҲƣһһ֮ҪһٳССϺսʵ̫֮⡣
Ҳٶˣô˶Ҫ̫ˣѪ¿ʼˣǰȻ˵סȥ·
⼸Уһ붼ڵߣǻڵߣȻǽڵߣҲˡ
Щ˾ȻΪǰһ߱ģһСɣȴΪԶˣǵʵƺûгֵıҪֻѪȥԸ
յ˵ʵ͵ģεĿʵҪǶȣ˵ʵ࣬ʵǷӰ첻
˭ɱϷʦܣ
Զŭڵĺлһλǰ𵤳ߵλ
ʵʱ䵹˼ʮ꣬ǰɸĸоԻǺǿ󣬼ǵõ꣬һΪߣƺ
ǰӵڵߣڵߣǺǿˣγǵ߱Ƚ
ʱǨ˷ǡ
ڵΪҪɱǰЩˣֻҪķѷӣɱΪʲô壬ΪЩǰĿҪΪӱûд


619 
ȾǸսӣԼ޷սʱֻͱ˵սɳѪ£һ֮ɡ
ɱģ
Ѫ˵ѪɫɽȥޱȣֻҲȥߡ
ڣʹΪķ˰ɣɱϷӣͱȻԷŹǣŭ˫ۼҪɳ
Ѫ£Ƿϻˣɱɣ˫չֳȵ
ս쵼һʧأչȥȵִݣмУøıԣô޹ߣ
аʱѪҲεƺɱ¾ǰЩߡ
ȻѪ²붯֣ⲢԷҶ֣ѪԥΪߵ˿־壬ʿܣŵ쵼£ʹһٳս
šԻĿģȥӭ˴İèĿǰ⡣
ԷҲڵߣʣµĻڣߣǰʲôʵˣνɱ֮䡣
ȣѾģĶ֣Ҳ˼ȥɱ𣿡
Ц
˵ֻҪ˭Ҷɱ⣬Ǿɱ⣡Щ˺ȻѾɱ⣬ѵͲɱҲЦŷʵ
֮ʱǸڵżҪķըʶ̽ȥȴһڵһڵɱɱԼˡ
֮ҲͺһЩϸڣΪһڵ߸ڵߣʱ˴ŭȵȲҪˣҪɱɱôϻ
ಣ
һѾŵǰŸûп̱ŵĺɡ
ԭе𣿡
ȻĸֶɢǿţЩʵͼǰǱϵҲΪ
㵽ʲôʵ㶵ʵΪղŵ˲ƺܹ죬˵ʵڡ
ʲôʵ㲻ùܣҪ·
˵ʱ΢΢й¶һЩһй¶ߵ޷ݵģڵȻֻʩչһѹЩ߶ҪĤݣҲ϶Ǹ֡
ȣǶʵˣòûҪˣ

һ˷׷׻ָԭеʵʱǿڿн֣
μǰ
л̴֣̿˰ݵл²Щ˵Ϊ˽ɲ⡣
ˣԹˣ
˿˵ȻһѾأﻹ赲ٵĴڵӷӶȥ
ڻΣֱ˶ҪʵԱܶ鷳ٲᱻһЩèϡ
УѾﵽ˴ڵΪ⣬ʵǿıĽˣﵽ˺ڵΪ
ȵ츳죬Ҳﵽ˺ڵΪʹͷ۵ַʵĽ
ʵҲͻĿǰҲǺڵΪڱսʵҲȵˡ
УĽ츳ģӵзٵٶȣսĺܿ죬Ҳ߱ߵ츳ΪҲͻͽ
֮⣬ʵǿıĽݷˣ˽Դﵽ˷ڵΪӶ˵츳ҪĽݷʵֻʱ⡣
ţǼţˣʵȴմﵽڣĽٶҪ˺ܶ࣬ȻΪڵΪһֱȥΪΪס
ŶӵʵݵһЩɣʵҲֻǿΪѾдڵˣһֻдڵأ
ԺΪʱһ·Ҳ鷳ϣԣصɽ磬߱ǿΪǺھߡ
һ·û鷳Ըֻϧ뷨עǲʵֵģΪ·һԪڲ֪;ҪܶǿɣӵͼעϿܶɽȵضҪƵУɲ˷ôʱƵϣֱѡ˸ֱǰһԪڵ·ͼ
·ͼһ·Σտɲ٣пħߺɵɽпʮɡ
·ͼϣעҲϸܶطֻע˵棬ûκ˵ǻŹ˶Ϊڵõͼõô
·Ϊ̫ķ򣬺ױԶ϶ֻҪһֱϷУӽһԪڵڵء
˼ǰУĽ¶ʵһ·֮ϣЩССϺ֮߶֮һЩϿշжҲ˾ձ㷹飬ָǰʱ
ʵʱǲᵲ·ˣЩΪںڣɽڵֳQˣ޷ıġ
ǰǶ˹ȣСһ㣡
ͻȻѵͼѾԺУǰעֱж˹ȣ˹ȵʲôˣȴö֪
ж˹ȣǴעҲΣյ֮һ


620 
ǰһƬ͵ɽֱϸ߿գ׼ɹɽ
ĽڵһУʶѾٵ̽Ϊ˵ؿǸովʾΣյش
Уƣɽֱ죬ڴ˴ɽʱɽҲԵƮ죬Ǵɽ֮УɽȺܶ࣬ڸǣǶ˹ȣ˲ö֪
ٷУ
ͻȻֲĸоƺطԼĸо̫ˣĻӦûԼͬ߳֡
˵ٶڰ֮дţԽʶ̽ΧԱжΣա
ڷ˼Ӻ󣬲κΣգ·ѾƽԭشʱҲԼˣɿЦҡͷ
ͻȻһĽͻȻʧڲԶĿУ̴󾪡
ԼĪһӣĽټѾȫޣȻʧ˿Уʱ˷׷׽Ŀ
ȣ½죡Сһ㣬ԷпдڵߣҵԤУ
дΪʹԲ±ʶơ
˷׷ڿУżŮǻΣգʱҲʹú䡣
ڿУͻȻĺȵǰǺˣб¾ͳ͵͵ʲôӢۺú
ȵĸУΧĿƺܱߵƣһᣬȴӦ
Ҳݣ˭ǣб¾վ
ţõȵʾ⣬ѾˣôΧȴκ
żΪĽǩԼʱǿԸܵĽģ˵û
Ľʲô

ϴҲ֪ǰУͻȻ͸оתȻ㵽˴˴Ǹɽȣɭֲȫǰɫʬǣұʩչ˷нƣҲ޷ڴ˵طУڹ۲ĽӦʶѸٵɨΧ뷢ЩʲôõϢ
̰οĽͣԭأҪʱϵĵطǶ˹ȣϻϣ
ţڿŭϧ۶ôŭȴûκ˻ӦöƵĵطǰװ׵˷ѿˮ
£Ȼ侲ȻȷĽΣգô˵̫㣬ĽεɽȵģѵǰƬռйŹ֣
ۣ
ӺȡһʯֱĽղʧٵĵطȴʯڿУޱ仯
ʯʹ£ܱ߷Уһֱӣ֤ǰûκ쳣󷴶оЩѰ졣
֤ǰĿռ⣬ôһǰѰңҵĽֻĽһʧ٣˾ȥӪȣҲ֪صλںδΧûˣһεľء
٣һҪҸ磡
ĽݷЩ˵ĳݡ
ģӦðȻ
ͷ˵вĽôͻȻһƬɽС
磬ҷɹȥ԰ɣ⵽ôһ£
ţЩ嶯˵ֻӦɹȥ
ţԭأȥɣ
ΪȿǩԼģһʲôҲ໥ȵʵҲ
磬ҪȥɣЦ
żһ̽룬ӦǱ˲˽ƣҲǶ˹Ȼϵ²
ǣƺһƬţҲڵϢҲֻнƣΧû˰ɣ
࿪˵˵ʱϹŵЦ⡣
ǲ˹Ϊǣڻ˵һзˣ
򶨵˵ǰУǣ˺ܾãȴûĽĹ£˽µɽ塣
Ľ˿ڵĵطһɽȣ⴦ɽӦþﲻԶпܵı·һɽ֮С
ɽնɽûһǧҲٸҪһһ̽ѶȿɲСԣ˾Щɻ
˴ͼʾΪ˹ȣ˹һǸյĵطĽһɽȣû´ӦǶ˹ȡӴ˴ʧô˹ӦþǽµһɽȣҲΡȥ̽ɣ
ⷬȴ˸ɻˣΪ˴ɽ̫࣬˭Ҳ֪δѰĽ
Ӵ˴¿ƣɽûл˶̽飬Ϊ˴֣ɽƺ˽ƣʹ˵ʶҲ̽顣
Ҳ֪δΪ˹ȣҸȴܣֻôȵһɽ̽˵
Сĳһɽ䣬ڽɽ֮˲ŷɽȻԭʼ״̬ĺۼΧĵǺĿ֦ҶȻѻ˳֮
ڼ˶ɵǿҶ֮ϣϢɽҪѰҵĽ治һ򵥵顣
Ľʲôл߳Ǵɽ𣿡
ͨԼͨ


621 
޷У޷Ծ·̫ˣһֺܹĸоأӦòڵĺۼеˣҲض࣡
ĽǺڵߣҲ٣һᣬ̷˺ܶ⣬˴֪˶ˣЩ˵Ĺͷв˺ۣ󲿷ʬǲȱȫģеȱ첲ȣеԴ˼ҡ
˵ܶˣĻ̣ܲĽĹ۲죬˵ƺûһˣ෴ޣȴ٣ҶԱ߻
̽鵽ޣްɣҼֻ·;ǾͲҪäĿˡĽʾЦ
ĽղŸ˵Ļ㵱ǶԷ磿סˣ㲻ҪԭأϾͻʲô֪ͨң
ٴǿ
Ľŵϥϸ۲Χ
һЦܿ仯Ϊѩ֩룬׹һѾʧ
ޣߵĵ̲һǿޣ޶רŵľ۾ӵأͬһ㡣
Ȼ⴦ɽȴߣߵļеء
ϸ̽鷽Բ֮ڵޣʱ֣ⷢĵͼ޷ǳ࣬Ҳв٣в߼ޡ
һ˾ɽ֮פ㣬鷵أⷬѾţһ𲶻˲Ȼɽ𣬿ЩҰζ
Ƭ̹Ѿأ󻹸ŶֵĶһֻӣһֻЩèֻԹԵĸ飬۾Ű֮ɫΥ
ʲô
Цʵ
ϴ󣬶˹Ѿʳˣԭɽ£ƣ
ϲɫ˵
лл㣬С㣡Ľݷ
ÿЦȻְּǶ޽һʡ
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˵ر޴ڣЩ޳ɳٶȱҪĶ࣬޳ֺЩߵĴΪѡ
ֱһ죬Щ޴޿ʼ˴ߣԣ߼ʧֻٲܹ
߶ǲϽģ･ʼ޼ߣ֮Ժ󣬴˴һͳΧɽȻ߽һγ׵Χˡ
ʮļս˴߻ﴦ޵ͳ֮£ȻֻҪ·˴߶ʧ٣ɸҲڴ˴ʧ١
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ָʾ
ʺǶ޲֧֧˵ԭдڴˣҲ˵Ƕ˹ȵǿдڵΪ
ϴʻˣǲǿԷˣ
鷭Ƕֻ޵Ļ
ʱܹţ·ǲɱ֮
Ȼ˸ɱ˵ƣŵǶͷ޲Ҫ֪һҲӹߣжϱԸо
ȵѾʳһɽʳǶͷ޵Ĵ·£ֱ˹ȶȥ
࣬˹ȣɣ׼𣿡
һŮĽҲ֪˹ȵļһ˵
ĽףŷԭǸŮӲ˵Ůϳ˳ëݣȥǿƯģЩëĻӦҲܲôĵطر֫ҲԵЩϸ
ĽЩȻ˲ˣļһвɿЦһ֣оֵֹġ
˭ΪʲôҪɱңҵ𣿡
ĽʱҲ֪ͨնԷΪ̽Ӧ޼ġ
ڶԷʵжǿĽƵķԼȻ޷̽˵ԷǶɽڻ߶ɽϵߡ
Ů˫֮ͻȻâͷЦ˭ҪΪʲôɱ㣬ҲҪһ⣬һ˹ϿգǵңЩͬ飬һҲӲʹýƽŪЩͬһ㣬ôһӲˣ
Ľд󾪣ղŻСǻۣû뵽Ȼ˴ԼնȻ׼ԴԼһ򾡡
ļƣҲο˲ļһأ
ˣڲǳȥǵǰͻڴ䣬ң˹ȵҲνĶ˹Ҳ
Ľ򶨵˵עŶԷķӦ
ߣ㵱ǱŴĲɣЩˣôǿҲûдﵽʵɣȻûУǾ޷ӳ˹ȡ֪ǵǿ֮ʱʱǾͻˣ
ŮͻȻЦ˫ЩĽӡ
ĽҲ˶ԷĹ֮Էţָоܲã̼˷ɽʱԷͻϮ
СӳĲΪʮ檣


622 
ŮӵϾȻֳɫ˫ǳëȴŴƵĵط˫֮ͦΣϣͷ·޴ǰһ㡣
۳࣬ŮӦϵ֮ˣģͬҲٮٮߣëԵֲ̫ˣҲŮ
ŮɦŪ˵ģĽֻһ񺮣ûN֮ǰԵķ³
˹֣ˣӾҲ檣
ĽȻȵӵɨŮӵݡ
֪ô࣡Ѱ·
ŮЩŭĺȵ˫һУͻȻʮ˳ǰ
һʮˣи߽֮߰Ϊ͵ĶǺڣкüĽ޷̽ʵ
٣ŮҪĵʮ檣˲ƳʮӣΪ˺ڣ5ʵ
Ľ㱨Ŵ˵صѾʼЩˣԷʮ˵ʵƺԼŶӣΪֻҪȶԷ˺ܶࡣ
ԼһȻȥ⣬ԼҲǰĸ֣ҪǿԼԲĽеǡ
֪ļһﲻô򵥣ĽĻҲڰԲ²˹ȵʵֻʮˣƺǺܴ
Ľ嶯ȱͻûʱ䣬ʵڲУһɫֻ࣬ҪסС
ָʾȴĽ̷٣аŮľǸ֣ôµأ
۾һģסˣÿûӹ
ΪĽҵԹв
㣬ȥȻ
¶Ц⣬һʣµʮʧ
һ˵˵ЩߴԼǰȴȫߵˣЩ෴ߵˡ
־ܰɣĺܲңЦеķɽȻǺɫģʵΪɽٳڣȺڵĽҪһ硣
ϻ˵
ɺĳͷ֮Ȼ򵽶ͷ֮ϣܿһɫĳëȥǹ졣
Ľ־ܣɽԷ
ʲôԽսߣôʶʱͼװͶɣúǰأ
ȰοҲЩżɽȿȥ֮Ҫȴƹ̫·ƵıǴ˴ĽƣȻһһ㣬Ҫֱ߾봳ɽȣֻҪķʮϵʱ䡣
£ȻỨôʱ˷·;ϣʱнޱȣΪԼеѹǺܴġ
Ľ·˵Ķɽ߲Ҫչܱô˱һսԵ顣
Ȼ򲻵£ǲ˽䣬һγĿıðգͨðȥһɳֻͷ˵ΪŻõĽ
ǰͷ·ƺϤ˵ص·ߣѸٶɵıܿһƣ·ĽҲĲ񻰣˿ȴȫһͨ
кˣԷôƣĿıҪάֶ˹ȵİȫȻóͨ·һֱͨȵףôЩƾʧȥԭеá
վס
ͻȻȵ
Ƕͷ޾ֵͣԭأ
ǣ·ǲǽеģ£Ҳƿƽȵ𣿡
ʵ
ھķ뷨õ֤ʵԭ·ǲǰſģֱӵ˵˹׼
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ʳ˵ڶ⣬ΪĽᱻԷɱ
Է֮ȽץУĿȻΪԼһȺˣѾĽҲʧȥüֵԣЩĶԷͬ˹һ£ֻĽ׶༪١
죡
ʱЦҡҡͷҪӪĽѶȻ治Спֱͨȵ׵Ĵͺˡ
еĽһһҪϷеĽƾӶ࣬ӲЩƣĵʱҲԲ٣ȻˣǻǸǶ߱ȽϿס
ʵĿǰΪҪִȵףҲǿģЩ˾ͻᴦΣ֮С
Ľ֮ڣǸϲˣԼŰ죬ˣҾɱãñ
ε࣬һҲڿЦĽ޴ѹ
ʱĽѾ˶ԷУѪؿڵսѾѣڶԷֲأĽֻˡ
˴˰ʱĽڵʧʱĻΨƵ־ܡ
ҵĵʮ𣿸ҸشԸ⣬ھɱ㣡
ЦĺأץסĽ֣Ȼ˲һ̵һС͵ĹУʱһ̻Ի͵ķУ޵ĵֱ̺˵̯ϣȻĽһԡ


623 
ǵڵ̺ϣ̿ʼĦ˫磬ԵרעȻκεϲŭ֣ʱĽ
Ľݷҷ޾ˣĽĳȻ̫ͦζʣһġ
Ӧʮ檣
˵ȻֱסĽһ˫֣Ľֳû͵ϮɱԷ뷨Ҳֻܹ룬ɱԼ͵ˣ
Ľ˼ôش⣬ͻȻܵŨҵɱϴ
㾹ȻҲԸ⣬ǾҪ
ĺɫĽһ˫޹ǵСͻȻӿɫĹâ͵סĽĺ
Ľûлش𣬱òӲ㱻նˣԷдԼ޷ģ붼ǶɽڵΪ
һӲĽѾֻгûнˣ˫۵ɵ󣬾ڵԪյӰ죬ԪԱԷͬھĳ嶯
ԪԱھͻ𣡡
ЦͻȻһ״ѸٵĽĽȫס
λֵܣʶʱΪܣӦʮ檣ھͱɡ͵ΪڵߣѵԸ𣿡ǵĳȰ˵
ĽʱӦ޷ֻеѸʧ彥ĿʼӲԪ֮Ҳ
ſңԸ⣡
ĽԪ֮
ʱֲ΢һ㣬ŲæʵгԸʲô˵
Ľ޲̾ɱʱΪ˻ҲֻнϷ£ɺҪɱңԸĵʮ檣Ը⣡

ͷЦŷſĽĲӣȻ˫ִĽϣ
ĽʱȻǻȥˣоԷƺ̽Լһҧһݣ͵һѽס
Ľ𹥻һ˲䣬ĺɫɱ⣬ȴĽĶʱɱ⡣
ģɱӣӾٵģ۾һգȥˣ
ĽǷΣյĹǽǿ뻳УȻʲôܵı۾ȥཻ£ķһܿ˳ĽУȡĽǡ
촽ĽͻȻоԷϱù⻬͵͵һԭϵĳëһ˲ȫʧһֱӳΪŮ
˵Ҳ֣ĽΪܲģڶԷϵĳëʧȴıŪĻ𻨣˫ץס˶˫ʱĳԭʼĻ濪ʼڵȼա
ĶĽӢӣʱЩܲˣֱһѽĽ˵ڵ̺ϡ
檣׼һֵ㣡
˵ͬʱ˺Ľϵ·ĽʱЩĶˣȫȥʱΪ˱׼Сܡ
ʮ檣ˣ
ٺЦһѾץסĽСܵܣʱһ̼ĽҲЩֻ忪ʼĳѪ
Ľ˫鲻Խץס˫壬ʱĽһܵ۵ĵϷ
һΣĹѾðʪҺ壬ȴĪϿգĽСܽ룬ңȻ˽ϵϷĽ
Ľȫףǣűߣ¶ģ
Թ檣ͲˣģˣҪȫסܰɣ
ŭ͵һֱͦѹסĽȻ󣬻ĽжŤǾ޴˫ĽлȥĽΪ֮
һĽȫʱõ˱ϣҲõҪģɹõ˵ʮ檡
һĽѾƣȴû뵽ȻȻֿʼսĽջ𣬿źԼһXXOOŮ̻ˣָоǲġ
ͬСһ㣬ϵ˵۵黰˵УҲСижȵٴνǿֹͣOOXX
ʮС檣뱾ǩԼɣˣҲŲɱ㣡
ЦδĸĽӡ
ǣѾǩԼչ涨û취ٴǩԼĽС˵̿ʼ̽飬ȻĽǩԼļ
ǻеһ𣿡
ŭʵ
ǵģ
Ľش
ߣǾ͵Ǹ˵ǩԼҲ޷ΥҵԸˣһǴ
ЦƥĽΪһᣬ⵽ĳͷ
ʱŶһ̤ƽ֮ϣʱЩͻȻȫʼرգҲζ˵·ȫжϡ
εղֻҪȴ㼫ѵģҪƲ֮УҪٵĽƺֹʮԴǿմǡ


624 
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ڴɽߵĸоԭʼɭߣԵøɭֲһ㣬˽ߣǿڵ֮ϻġ
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625 
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626 
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뵽Ԫ֮ҲΣգһ˲䱻ɱ壬ȻɱԪ⼸һǳɵġ
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Ϊʵ϶Ҫɱ⼸ɽڵߣսͻȻɱˣȵĻᡣ


627 
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ȹЦ˷ܵı㹻ĶԷѪ
ЩĪǶǷﲻɣȻӭս
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628 
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Щŭ˵ȻͻȻʧڿС
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ЦһеĽɫɽʱŶԷĳ֣Ȼһ
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ΪԷǶɽµߣԣδóȫΪɵһܹ֡

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629 
˵ⷬ󣬲԰׵ϾȻ͸һĨΡ
ѾɫĽ̽һ飬ƺأԪܵƻڻ𣬲ƾͺˣƺʱп˥ߡ
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аȵЦٵ˼δӾѰһ·
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΢΢Ҷüĵ۲ѡ
㲻ģа취Ծ㣡
򶨵ı˵Ȼһֵֻסĺ󱳣ʱѾʼ߶Ϊʹǳ֮Ὺʼƶ
ģǳ֮ῪʼתƣȻڳ֣ʼڡ
ǳ֮ڣ̾쵽һǿӣȫעʩչǳ֮ǿ޸ʼá
˷ģʱ߳Ӫ飬ЧȻЧãȴȻܹ𵽾Ч
ʵ֮ܵأڵ֪Ҫ٣ֻӵǳ֮ǿ޸ܿ޸塣
£ıս˫ƾǳ֮ߣܿ㿪ʼ޸ڵЧͬ߻һڱ
һůůĸоӿ֫ٺ鷢Լܵ˾ȻѸ޸壬Ԫ֮Ҳڿʼ޸
ӣɫѾ˺ܶ࣬ǲ԰ֽʼЩĺ󣬶ǳ֮ļУۿɼٶȱ޸رЩˣȻ漣ϡ̫ˣ
Ҳоڵı仯˵˫βסŨŨϲá
лл㣬磡
鼷һ˿Ц⣬ˮȴڴ˿̲ס˳ǰƵʱ鶼ûᣬɴ˿ȴˡ
ɱս˫ֻѾ΢΢ʼ̣ܹܵڵı仯Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ͿԻָ󲿷ֵ
ֹƬ̣Ѿһ룬Ҳʼϵˮȴ̲ס˫г޵İ⡣
չˣ
΢Цĳ֣¶ŶЦ⣬Ц顣
ҾȻûһţ
鲻֪ʲôԼˣ˽ĻУжЦţΪеˡ
ԺҪСİȫκˣҶԶԭԼģ
˵һУһѽҲ˹Ҳץסࡣ
ǣ˽ӵһƺĶһ
ãֱŶˣҲЦŻ
Щ˰ɣϢ죬ӦÿȬģ
Ц˵
磬ҺõĲˣҺϲ㣡
оޱȵҸķЩ˼ЦˣԴףܿġ


630 
㣬Ҳͽһ磬ǵİ
ƺָ˴ǰĻȻཫ˵ڵء
ǰɣ廹ûָ簡
ʱԵúܷཫѹڲݵϣͬǷչ
ȫǱģʱҲЦȥĶֻֻýıסŮ֫ƺҲСܡ
˷ʥͣ
ΪʥͣڱİƯŮ˵ȻҲ˵ķӦһӦȴоˣȻֱС
ܲˣ
ͺһϵս׾ȫʧˣȫ¶˳ҲܿĽϵװȻֻЦࡣ
龰̱ˣÿλãࡣ
˾ȻߵĿʼãЦķǳаȣ໹ӵĻС
ã۾Ҳߣ
ȥʱӵ˵
ҲҪĺðŶ
һ㣬Ȼ߹סֻ࣬С־Ȼסزŵľ
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˫ַס֫оƺҪըˡ
ɫʣɭ𵭵İ֮Уͳ֮಻ʱڿ죬лŴصĴ
֪˶ãһж΢ЦĻ飬ŮˮůУղŵĲ˶õӡ
磬û뵽ǸղšҵѾȫָˣأ
ЦݴŮɬãգĴ۾Ƥ˵
ãƾΪȫԭˣѵΪ˫޵Ч𣿡
΢ЦĶ˵͸žϲ
ǵģҸо˫ޣΪҵƳȬˣҸղŻͻԭеΪ
˷ܵ˵СŴḧţҲԵͷΪȷʵǸƷܹ档
ƺ˾ͺã㲻֪ǵˣҲ֪ͨѾˣأɱ˵˫޲ƺƵģǵñܣ
Ц˵˶˵գվ
˶սףȻѡ˴Ͼǵս׿ûĽսǧ򻯵
ȫָʤǰĳǰ֮ʱһƬȻ
ղţܵƣ˽Ե𣬿ɾڶ̶̵ļʱ֮ȻȫָˣΪҲû½Ȼ˴˾޴𺳡
̬飬ҲЩȴ֪壬ЩľҲǲġ
һףɫһ˵Ḷ́еŭЩɶưı
ڴ˵ңȥ㱨ɱǸ
˵ȭգһԿԵĹؽڴ
ԣһҪɱǸţΪһڶ
ţ͵ΪղĿ࣬ţĹϵȻưոݣţĹϵҲǼҪõġ
Ⱥ鼤ܣһҧгݰ㣬ȴΪʵĲ࣬޷ȥѩޣһֻܹʵ
飬ҿʵδ·ϲ뱻ɱôǾҪŬȥ׷ΪϵĽסɽǿʳ磬˭ʵǿ˭ǵЩ꣬ΣҪԶԶǣԣҵΪŻ죡Ȼε飬һǲһֱǹںСδҪΣȥսѡȵƽӡǶҪ׼Լʱھ״̬УֻʵŻߡ
и˵ⷬҲ˿ʼ˼
磬˵ĺܺãڿʼʽΪҲϴΪʸȵϴ󣡡
ͻȻ֣صĿ˵ҲζȶȫٴϵִС
ȴǰĵλʱҲͬϰĴڡ
УһֱΪԼӵΪһԶԶǣʵȴǷˣı𾪣Ҳķڷ
ȣסֵܣֵͬģϽδ·ܳǻкܶҪսģҲӽȡһطսľɣ
۾˵ȵͷ
һᣬſʼ׼˳ȥ
磬Сģ
˷׷˵Ȼ㿴׹һʧڿС
ಣ
߻ζʱ˫Ϊ֮һȴڸճֵһ˲չ仯֮ΪһɽգۼΧһơ
ߣˣǸŮҲѾ˰ɣͱֿˣҵɣһĶԴģ
ڿ˲䣬ָо˵ϲ
»ûеķŭӣȻо͸һ˿ã⿴ŲʮߣɱΪǾ;Բˡ


631 
ھһڴˣ׼սɣΣҲʵһɱ㡣ɱ֮ǰЩ檾ȥɣ
˵󼸸ʱѾһصĻȣеЦҲɫһЩ檣׷ױŵɫ
бڣɱǣ
ǰǰЩ檱˺ܽľ롣
ôҪ۾ˣ
ЦѪȻɫķɽǽɫɽðϻɫĻ档
ʵԼǿ󣬳ַɽסˣеսҲѸٵеĺâʢԵùޱȡ
˵Ƿڿʧڴʱļ˷׷ֳַɽɫĵȴ˲ƽ
ֵ˲ƣȻ޷о˲Ƶκι켣
д󾪣ֻʶ޷̽鵽κټһ˲䣬ƺȫʧˡ
ʹ˱仯ܣ帽ڷɽ֮ϣǷɽҲ˲ʧڿС
ͬΪΪҪɱǼ檸Ǿһ߾ȫԵЩɻΪ޷̽鵽κ˲ƹ켣
Ҫбڣˣ
ڿƽƶɣֳַɽ˻ס
֮֮뷨ܼ򵥣ǾԾʵɱǼ檡
ಣ
һɫϻɫͻȻڿУķӦҲν죬̻ӽնɱȥΪĽ޹

һҽдһߵ弸Ǳ˺һ㣬ǵȻ룬Ľ˿δ赲ɽĽ켣
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ɻޱȣԽնķɽȴԼϵһ㣬޷赲ǷɽǰеĹ켣
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ӷɽ֮ϴֵĲҽһһһ˲䣬ķɽ쵽£ֱƾɽٶд͸Թ
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Ҳ˵ɽ֮ϣԷɽԾɱڴ͸һ˵ʧڿУȵɽٴγʱһߵı֮ʱ
ΪĸоЩץȴֻܹµһǷɽ͸
ɽγɵĲӰڿлƣıѾصԭأֳַɽЦǰ
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ѵǲҽҲ⣬ɲΪļ檵׷׳һѪǵ֮ȻðϻɫĻ档
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ǻǱϽ滹Ҫԣڴ͸ЩߵͬʱԪ֮Ҳɽ͸ԣȼ룬ǼߵʬѾΪƺ̡
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Ц˵еķɽ΢΢ţֱָ
ʱʮָӣʱΪе̰֣ǿ֪ôġ
ҪõȻ󳹵׵ΪֻҲᱻɱ
ʱһƬѪ죬ҲаС˼
Ҫ࣬δҵĶ֣б¾һսңһϤ㣬ˣʹӦҵ檣Σ
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ҲΪ㻹нʸҪɱ㣬ͱضҲʲôûõĶģֻһһɱ㣬ö˹ȳɽ磡
һһٵ˵˵ƻڲϵﵽƵ塣
СӣǾһսɣѵ㲻ɣ
еķɽһ𣬵һڵķ
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һδܣǳŵĻӳһƴԽʵ
˫ȫԸһΪڵߣǽѾԽ˷ĴڣϢķֱڿʱŷҵıը
һ֮޵ԵʣʱʹˡѪʵȻǱͨĴҪǿ١
ѵǽޣ
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632 
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ޱȣʼΪֻǵͼߣȻΪֻʵߣڱĽ𺳣ֹЩԼԴ
ɫϲвûΪһ˶Էϲɫ෴ȴǱ侲̬Ϊ϶ԷҲ˼򵥵Ĵߡ
ͬߣʵͬҪĶ࣬˽֪ģȻ϶ԷصֶΡ
ڵʵȻֻǴ˳ڣʵսֻѾڴڵˡ
ʵΪ˳ڣΪ޵ԵʣԵͬߣѪãʵһ˵ͬʮˡ
ȥЩ㣬ķɽԣԣܹʮΪġƽгǿı仯Īнս׵ķ·𣬱ָ̬ٵǳ֮ᡣ
˵ϴڵߣȻ޷սʤ֮Ҳڲ֮أȻϴ˺ڵߣֻҲбֶΡ
ҲС˫еĺâԽԽŨѾһƬѪ죬ҲͻȻ䱻һȦȦ֡
Ѫ䡯
˵ͻȻһѪѪȻγһâͼͼâסԼ
żЩڶԷ̱ѧܣаѰ˼ԼǷѧ
ʲôܣ֪߿ӵ𣿡
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˵ڶεĽսȴȻĽȻвִ͸ǰ
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㲻ǱĶ֣ͬĶ֣û߿սʤڱ£ѾڵߡǱ˳ۣôڡ
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ڱֻ֮Щ΢ˣּСˣҪʹǳ֮ЧƾǿѸٻָ
֮⣬Լչǿʵ󣬶ԷȻŭЦȻЩڴ飬뵽ǲŰ
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аȵЦһѾɫĽ
һΣϻɫ涼ûϣƾ˳ڵΪϽѪ֮׼ԴԷԿûԼʵ


633 
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һХսѾĵȼһǰĻӽڳٶϱҪĶ࣬в£ҲͬҴ⣬ֻܹӿʩչâٶȡ
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ԷǺɫâҲǼΪķģҲԶȥԷĽȴԵԴԴ
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ڿзƶţͻȻһһȭͷСĺɫӣӿȥӵǿһֱΧĿ˺ѵĸо
Ҵ⣬ΪԪȸղǺâҪǿԪͷţʱͻȻڶһɫβ͡
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ಣ
һǿĺɫԪϷνֱȥ
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һ˵ͬߵĹͻϽս׵ķԵúܹ죬ˣսȻֵ˴󲿷ֵĽֻٲֽؿϡ
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ҲˣɫԷβγɵĹӦ޴йһ֣ĹͨԽɱ˶֣ͱҲ˸ԼĶһ㡣
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ӵЩȴȻɱң
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һ˫۾ɳۿҲŶԷԳԼĹȻûˡ
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ಣ
βһǺΪģֱӷͬʱն
ڿмٵתɽĽҲγһ״תеԷǶ
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Ҫɱ㣡ɱ㣡
Щŭˣһһǰ޲ߣָоܲˬҲĴ̼Ĵԡ
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֪ҪʹУȴ׼ܣûŶԷУŭߵźâβڿͷŵӴ
ײᷢУһоͱнִݻٵİգھùľǾ޴ģΣ
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ΧĿռ䣬ߵβͼͬʱǺɫӵǺɫӾҵĻζߵɫνǺɫϳ
ߵɫһֱӱð޹⣬ǺɫâƺɽеĴ󲿷ֵطǿǵһ㣬Ҳûطܡ

ҲͬһзɽһŽɫâ⽣âסսҲһߵĽɫâԴǿķ
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ɫĽɫĽ֯һȻǽɫâ˲ʧɫâȴǰֱն֮ϡ
䣡
սҲһҵıըǽɫâҲ˲䱻ɫâȡ


634 
оԷÿһ̺ҪԼʹƽԭǿķڴ˿ȴԵôޱȡ
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Ӧ˰ɣǾ漣ˣ
Լβնʮ㣬ΪǿԱʮĴУҲ˵һеĹ˴ڵߵĹ
˹ƶԸһڵߣȷʵԵЩɱţˣҲûа취飬ܹܲһֱһƣһֱ޶԰ɣ
ʯͷУѪĺâҲʧˣǺɫͬʧˣ߶Һ壬ĽɫѪҺ
ڸղһУǿҲоģֻ徹Ȼһ㣬ܵѾ޷ݡ
Ϣ֮Ϳշǿʯ֮ϣվʯͷϣ͵һ˦βǿĺâ͵Ļ˾ʯ֮ϡ

ļǾʯʱǾ޴ʯͷʼѣ⣬ܱߵʯͷͨͨѵķ˳ȥ
ȻûǺӲ
̿ЦΪԷѾԼնˣﵽ˱ɱĵز
ֱʯͷըɳȥлһֻҲȷ룬ţǺɫɵ˺ԿӴӶ
Ȼûʧȥʶ۾ȻţɫԵЩڣϵսѳ飬ģǱѡ
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ЦЩεҡҡͷû뵽ˣֱ۶ԷնϣԼԺǳ˲мߣ޷̵ġ
㲻ǻɱҵɱҰ
ЦͻȻһβͣһֱֻ۱㵽С
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СãѪζ׼𣿡
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СףѪҺôǽɫģĪҲߣ
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636 
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637 
ڿͣţѾ˵һˣԭ׼ɱΪ
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ڶЦںԶԶĴ˿ȥ
ڴʱϵƺأĵҲȽϴ󣬲Ϊӵǳ֮ᣬò˶ñɸԭ
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ںָƺҲֻȶԴ˹ؿֻгȥǶߵľſҲһͬС
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β׺Ĺˣǻƴʱ򣬶ȴͻȻٴʧ
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638 
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ڿƽзе˲䣬߾ȫϿյĽƣٴǱһռ֮С
β׺ޱȣɱȴԼõĿռ衣
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ټܾβ׺һ˲ƹЩƵĶ˺С
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ţԽԽòʱһ̶ĺ
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639 
СӣȻ㣬ôˣū𣿡
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˻һΧһƬȻ̱ͷֹˡ
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һŰԥ󣬰ɫɫȴûѡȥǵһνվһͬǿУҲ׹һǰ̫ǿ
ͷ޸ҲʼŽɫѣҪ̫ˣȻ޷㣬ƼǣǻѡԱͬھ
ͷ޽ʵΪڣȴûǸߣϾڲǰʵС
ԪԱвֻһͨĺߣǻĺ˵ͻߡ


640 
ֻǣڵʵºڵԱһЦ
ðԪԱɣٸᣬﲻǹԪԱΣ
Ц̬ȴðɫɫܵмҪץ
ԪԱ޷вԷ˵̬Ѿ֮⡣
㵽ʲôߣѵĲǵԪԱ
ɫܲʵ֮г˾֣Ǿ֡
˵£Ȼǲ£ѾǻˣԹͶô߶𣿡
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ðɣҾͲɱˣһ㣡
˵⻰ʱ򣬲ŭͷ޳Եġ
СĽӽҲܴΪܱ֪ܿ˵ȴ˲乵ͨһ£ƺĳЭ顣
ЦԼ֮ĶͷޣڵһбҪһ£ʲô죬Ҿֱɱˣ𣿡
ɫɫٴζһۣЦŵͷŵղγɵð뷨Ļزۡ
Сߣ⸱ģǼթͺЦñһš
Цݷ˵һǰɫؿڣǰɫҷһߵѪֹȴǶԷĽֻһŻҪԼ
ɫŵ亹ð˶ˮвţ仯κɫԵַָʣҲ֮ˣ˵ЩҲΪ
󡣬Ŀ˵ģǰݱڻ뷨𣿡
٩ѹȵɫش𲻸ңġ
ˣٽ鲻һΣסԺǸΥٵԸֻһ֣Ǿǡ
ЦɫѾǧл
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ɫæ˵Ӧ̴
ĵͷ޵̹ȻͣȻ໹㡣
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ȥǵϳƣٶӶˡ
仰ͷΪôǿ߻оӶ
Ӻߵӵ½˰ɫĹ֮С
ɫĹ̸Ͼ£ȴҲ൱ĺԭжһΪ޽ߣڶǺױڶ࣬解ҹ֮ķʤȴܵӡ
ڣ룬صϣǽɶĺ䶯Чȫ׸Ӳ˵ġ
̸ɣʵ߻ߣֻҪάĻܣЩʲôģ޹ء
Ȼ̸ֻɵ£Щ޽ȻҲӵƶȣװλķ䣬ζʳƣЩȱ١
νĳԺֶֻ֣֮ΣֻϰߣǱġ
֮˵ˣϰԵĸоһι״ߺҰһͣŵЩ߼ɢ
ȻǰɫҲЩľһˣҪԼ
ɫҲв࣬нӽ֮࣬ҲŮӣЩŮҲĴ
СūѵЩںСڣֻЩߣûпһܹյɫ˿ĽӴ
ԣЩ߿ɻ󣬶ΪߵݣɫͻȻЩ߿
Ҳ°ɣǰ
ɫһƯŮ˵ν
û뵽ŮԴʧɫ̹ڵأĵū澲ң
һ޷׷֮ɫɫоֽӣȲҺֲ֪ԼÿǷܹŮ
ɣ
ɫЩŮսսĴӵ
ɫ޶仯Ůߣʶ̽һ
ȻֻڵΪʵĿŮӵɫԸоǸ϶δµŮӡ
һ޷׷д磬ʸֻаɫ밳ɫܣ˺Ծ߿Զú󣬴ʼ峡


641 
ɵȫ˳ȥڰɫʾ£߹ŮӣȻƺҪһЩĿˡ
ǰЩ⹬ƯŮӣǱһЩĿɺã
ɫİ˵΢΢ͷ
ϵľƲѾһǸŮɵİƣɫɫҲһŮ̾ơ
΢΢üʵ̫ˣȺ˵²
󣬶Ůӵ߽࣬ڵӡ
ŮӴĺص·٣ʱ赸ʱȻʼ˶ǶȻ赸С㡣
谡Ⱥ߻Ȥ
аŮ˲Ѿ˻ʵ۵װȻʼݡ
ˣ˱ݵĻҲϷ飬رǰȻȫǳ˫塣
ѵ˵Ůӵزôã
ߵŮȻǰ͹ĸ߶ʵǱŮҪŵĶࡣ
Ůһᣬһ㿪ʼӽȻ븧ļͷ
ǰɶǶɵŮˣǰȤȡ󡣡
ɫٺЦŮԼϲģֻҪֺܹȻǹ˲ˡ
ùľɻɣģȫȥ۱ٵ۾
˵ŵİɫſ£̰ڰ֣Ů񲻽һۣȻ󼫲Ը˳ȥ
ǰϢŭ´Ҳˣ
ɫСĿڵһηĴڴʱȥȴô
һߵŮӸӲˣ˭ԼĴҪϣôô˵

򵥵һںȾƣоζȻҪζһ㡣
Сã󣿡
ͻȻһԵŮʵ
ǰū澽ʮꡣŮԴֵ˵
ʲôʮ귢ôãʲôˣ
ٴδŮģһװˣһŮӶҪߴ󣬶ǰ˫廹ǲӿȥɲǼٵġ
ŮӵĵͷȻ˵ǰūûгʲôĶ
ɫɫϲñ¶Ц⣬ƺƵġ
ǰϲ͸ǰˣƾǰ
ɫΪģȻһūЩ꣬ū֪˶٣СŮһŮʮֻΪļ
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Ĺ۲ɲǸǵģҲ֣ΪôƯСŮȻͯ˵ûʲôڵģʲô˵ҲŻ㲻
ǰҸղ֮˵ˣΪЩŮʵ̫ͣһǷϵԣи涨ʵﵽڵŮӣǽӷϵġȻҲвع켣ˣǵŮūԽԽ٣ֻ뵺ϵɱū
ɫЦΨԼĽͲܹ⡣
һȺ׳գ
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ǰǣǶǰ׳գ
ɫ˵ǿǰֻи˵ʲôʲô
ˣǶ˽Χ˵һ£ߵĶԹ˵ɱ⣡
ڿʼˣҲԼǰ˴Ŀ֮һǾǽŰǨ˵أпĵشȥ
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˵ֻǰĺȾƣȻʱͷʾ˵ȥ
˼ʱɫɫܲž޻˵ˣʱ㿪ʼһЩ⣬򹧾Ļش
ԭﲻƬСһ֣һߵļеء
ȣռݵλðĵ죬ԣ˵ǵ촦ߴھԵơ
粻ͬǣ߿ǰŽᣬȻϵ֣֮ȴǾԵĲ
̸ŽᣬǸ˸ġֻҪ߲۸Լĵһǲжġ
ȻץȡΪūץȡΪūȴǱȫһµġ
ÿ궼ᱬιģСһսÿʮ궼ᱬսԣ˫ĳԽԽҲһֱΪһϰߡ
ǿʵΪͳߵĵطҲͳߵĵط˭Ҳ֪Ƭж
ƬΣԣÿҲֻϤķΧڻͬˣһİߣչԣƬɳϢȴӲȱɱ


642 
ɫɫƬʵͷ죬ٽҲСģսҪߣⲿߣֻŽһֱС
˼Լ˵ҲãҲãûҪǲκƫ
Ĺ۲죬ҲϴӣôԼȴֻʵȥһܹ˽ôĴԭ
ܺã׼һķ䣬ҪϢˣŮӾɣ
ԸȻǶҲЩɻ·쵼˶Ƶġ
һɾķУֶ΢΢۾֪Щʲô
ŮоֲѣԼڽ֮ȥӢЩΣΪǰԼ˧ࡣ
ĿŮЩ޴룬֪Ǻá
Ů׼ȥ·ʱͻȻһ׹һŵŮӷһС
ϴ󣡡
һӰڳ̵ֺһʱг˾ϲ
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Ļһᣬһתͷ㷢ȥȹӵŮ
Ůողȥȹӣûüͷ飬ֻ֮бסȹӣԺһƬľھôͻȻֵġ
ŮĿ˫ͬʱһŮԾǳ໹ĶѷԷֹһ
ŮᣬźСȴЩţرǰ˫壬ȻǵͷҲȻܹܵȡ
΢΢һЦҲûʲôͣ˼ȻŮ
ãҽ飬ǸðɣʲôأѺõЦЦС
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ле㲻ˬɣΪİӵһźǿİģеǴζȻסŮӵ֡
Сãʲôأ·°ɣýһ
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һװ˵ߣֻŶǶɫСӣŮɢ޿ƥеഺϢ
Ҳһ£Ůӵıòһ¥޳˫ȣǸʵزǿСԵЩ롣
Щ˼飬ԼôͻȻͶһ㣬пֻš
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Ц˵ˣȫˣϴ󿴿£
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һžΪ˴ڣΪԸԼΪ˴ҿԸһС
֣ص˵ĿԵЩȣ㱿ȵڽ̷һּᶨһ߱ġ


643 
Ȼϴ㻹ǱɱŰɣͦ׵ġ
ҲΪλᶯɱȻƯŮӵ뷨Щ⡣
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ģҲɱҲᣬһԴŮ£ǲܵġ
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ԭ׼һҲ˲ƹȴģһϧǷԭ뷨
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ʱͺˣͻȻụ̀ǣһ˫Сıߡ
ڰɣڸأˣå
Цŵ٩Ѿ˷Ӧر鼱ٵĺָоԽԽǿҡ
ߣҾҪˣåҪ۸磡
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˵˫ǻ۵Ĺâ
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ҲˣŮ󣬲ԵЩΡ
㱳ȥ
ֱȻӱϵս˲串ȫҲѸٵĴ·
ŮЩɻվһԣֻŮͷ
ǰȥˮϴɣ
ŮϹϾ˵пǴҵĹͣһҪС̺


644 
ȥɣ
ЦЦ⺣׹Ҳ棬еĵطˮеĵطûˮⷿ䣬ͬ½ϵķһ㡣
ڶıˮ飬ΪߣɫˮˣĿı̺
ϴϺ󣬸һţǰɫȻţ̹Ĵкǰ磡
ɫҲ񣬶ֻĵͷȻǰȥ
ڿΪ֮һ㶣֪ôôһʶߡ
ȤŶˣ̽˵ʵŷ֣Ȼֶ˱ԼʵҪϲ٣ֻǺڵߡ
ɫɫΪߣԥһ󣬻͵͵ʶ̽һʵ
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磬˵ĳ࣬һǸС߰ɣ۾̫ˣ
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645 
ǿʳ磬Ȼһ㣬ЩҲûʲô顣
һʱʶѰһ飬ȴֻмʮ˶ڹ
СߣǿҵٸһλᣬСʱʱ䣬ڹ˱ǣҾͽͬȫɱһա
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һʽһ죬䶨ĵͷʣĽΪһ㶼ûйǣΪĽѾԼˣһԲᱳԼҲζŴ󲿷ֵҲò
ʽɫܵĹЩ߾ס˵ʱΪŵĴӪ
ŵĳϿѾȫµȥƶļƻҪͨɱ¾ɡ
ĽΪǿ֮һҲţ£Ӧ԰ȫһ㡣
Ļŵľ䣬ΪʦŵŻҪǿƷӡ
ֱӽ£̸һŵһ䡣
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֮űչжΪģʼΧߡ


646 
ŵ߿ʼѪϴȻжĺСģвˡ
սȻˣǶǵΪȴž޴ĺô
Ŷӿʼ뿪棬׼ǰǰС̽һ
˵ִպ󣬷׷ʵһСķС
Ƭ̲жߵס˵ȥ·
ڶһڣһǷڡ
η֮ˣȫͣ£
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Ѹٵ̽˵ʵûκв¶Ц⡣
λֻ·ѣǹȥɣ
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Ǹڵ߿˵˿֪Լ֡
ʦ֣㿴ǼС椳ƯǡǸڵߺٺЦһļЦ顣
ãеȫɱŮȫץȥ
Ƿڵ߿ЦȻ֪ͷ
ŶԭҲ
һԼһ߳ˣֱҶ˵˭֪ǶȴڿЦǰϣһҲսĶˡ
սپɣ
ٴһȴսչˣʱĿʬ˴УΪͼ޵ʳ
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и߶Ⱥ󣬺׷Щ׵Ҳɵڹۿɱʱ͵ֻȥǡ
һѾٽˣǸߵĻء
ĸо⵺ϵ߿϶ҪǶ׹ǿΪ⵺츽е߶ū
ʶ̽鵽׵һЩѾ֪ͨ磬Ǻ֮е߲ūѡ
⴦ܹ㣬Դﵽ֮⣬˵Щ߻ľʵġ
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һŭȴԶһΣԶߡ
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һ˴ӵڵ߳˽ģһ˿ߡ
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Ѿһڵȳ࣬Ϊ۸ΪƯһϡ


647 

һҽǷڵֱӱɱԪ̵ֻ֮ԼһӪ֮УȴѾնΪء
ʱʣµľ˲ŻȻƵģҲУţȻ˫԰׼䣬ű㿪ʼս
΢Цſ˵սвԼĹȥһβƴսͬǣԼһֱûǿԮ
ڣ˵ΣԴ󽵵ͣˣûĿԡ
һ㲻ǣ˶ѶԸԪ֮壬ֻжַԸԪ֮壬ö޷ԸԪ֮壬ÿνԷɱֻܹԪ֮塣
һʱţѾѪಢûˣţ˲岻صƣȻΪʵҪһԵʡԣЩߵԪ֮嶼ûѡԱжܵġ
ڵ¶һ˿⣬û뵽ԷͬĶ˾Ȼսʤʮˡ
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ҲͨЦһֱչ˲ƣţٶʹͷۣȻԷսһš
Ҫɱȣ̸ףΪʹͷ۵ֶκʵѾںڵߣΪѪսʽ΢֮С
ԭǺڵΪ
̾ΪعԣΪֻǷڵߡ
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ڵսݱ˫ʵ಻ҪֳʤȻ׵顣
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һԣѾ˶ʮߣЩ˵ʬ׷׵䵽ϣһԭأɱɱӲӣ˹Žεˡ


648 
ӦǺڵߣû´ͬɣҿɱң
һһ˲ʿȴǿҲÿ˭һ⡣
ı̼˲һݵò񣬿ɱ㣡
˺ܴΧ߾ܣֻ˴չɱǰǿߡ
ڵߣԣ۾ɱ˫ʵþ޴Ҳ޷ݡ
ȥսȥˣɱ⣡
Ц˹ˣòɱ˾͸һǿУȴʲô¡
ڷߺ֮УĻŭ˲ƣ֤Լᱻɱ
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ڰ֣˹Ȼͬɥʧһ㣬ֱ˻ȥսˣȴھֵ״̬
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ʵΧ߸ҳһֻܹһΧţȻ˵ȵս
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Сģ
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˵һȻʧڿС
һֱעͻȻʧŵɫ䣬һ׼ԪԱԿ顣

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˵һ˳ŵУЩѲߵȴ˾ͱܿûһ߸ǰ赲ѯʡ
ȻѪҲѸٵĻָУĺսԣ˲ʲôҧҧܹͦȥ


649 
콥ǰԶźСĵ죬ʵɽȴǺܴһ㣬ʶ̽
֮ԸŵֱСȻҲԭģڸղս֮ʱʶѾ⴦̽һ顣
ռˣʶ̽ķΧǿԲģ̽鵽֮
֮ϣڶ࣬оȻʮɽڵߣЩߴ󲿷ֶѡչأһɽ֮У֮л
֮ڣлʮϵūһ˵ִﵺ֮ʱ̱ǧϵ߽Χס
ʱʵƾɢȥǿ񱩵Ƽ츲ǡ
ڱʵʱ켸ˣ߻߶쵽ǹɿ񱩵ƣƺܿ˵ľ֡
Χ˵һɫҰףΪȽϽȻоĺУɢĿǴڵƣƼЩ߶ʧȥս
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ʵ൱񣬿ɱκˣж٣ҪɱҲ˲顣
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ڣϿ٣
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650 
ԹǶԣʵȻɲģҲ͵ԣǲǸСɱֻҪ˲ɡ
ţһ򲻶ϵľƣϹĵЦ⡣
£ܹνĲԲֻֻǹͣ뿪ǵ
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ǾţϲϲȴŸòѪֶռ졣
ʱ̸Ƭ򣬹Ƭ򣬹ǽԼ֪˵˳һλ̴ռռ뷨
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ԣ⵼һǾǵ֮ϵ̫࣬ããУڶĵҲߵϵжϡ
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ڳ֮ˣֻйǿӦжǸɽٳڵߣһȴд󾪡
ѵ
Ʊ֮ϣߵͻȻҲѿⶼ˵屻һֱķѣѪδδȻӿ뵽档
һȫŵһɫû뵽ɽٳڵͻȻˣһôҡ
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ţֻʵֲ̫ˣԲܹǡ


651 
ղֻͷ棬ȴ֪ǺܱգԲɱӺ¶һ֣һ涼ҪǿǶŵĵǾ͸˵ˡ
һ￴ⱾٵҪԣ³ֻǶص㣬ѭٵΥһҹ֮ǵߡ
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æͷΧҲ׷׹ֵŵ̬޻˵
ɱϣвֶεҲˣ۾ѾСǣǶĺޱĳݡ
һǿߣܹĹһǿߣſԼŮӵаȫС
סǵĵ˺ͣ˼죬ιһ´˵⡣
һ˶ЩȵľǾȵ˷ŵĹ·ǰԶĺ
˾ЩᣬȴҲòⷬţΪ֪ʵǿ˿ɲ
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653 
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654 
һĹ򣬺׳׷ˣ߷ɱвѡ˷նⳡѡ
Ȼѣŭļһ㻹þûгߵˣοģ
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656 
һɽٳڵ߲ʾĺΪ񱩡

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ڸ˵ͬʱŨŨɱ⣬׳糯źȥǰʱ׵Уھۼ̫Ǳȡ繥֮ơ
Щߴ󾪣ЦȻֹǿЩĵ飬ڵĻᶼûУ㱻û
һ˲Ĺ򣬶ɽڵߣɽٳڵߣֻЩϣֱӺ
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һͬʱɱɽڣɽٳڵߣȻǶɽٺڵҲԣ߷׷϶Ѿﵽ˴ڵΪ
ЩҲֻΪһЦ˲ڷﻹҼΧʵֲߣ׷׿ʼСĳ룬ӲϵѾʧһա
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ֲĺУǵ߷ӴܣȻû˸Ǹܡ
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ЩҲڴ˳ڵĹԣʹкûκ˿Դߡ
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Ӱ˺ϿյһУǽɫŰڿʱڶҲԵĽе㣬ⳡʵսɾһҵɱ
Ѿɫâ֣ǽһҵʱ䣬ɵɱȴùǵӶҪɳþ˵
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ȵɫڿʱʬͬʱ׳۳νǿǰƴ
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663 
ɱ˺ɢŹٴλζӰڿУҲ˲飬ȵЩʬײ֮ʱɫѾָԭеĺ
ʹмеĹһȻǺķôɢҲԲ١
ĲӰڿ޴ںӴҲ˲գʼתΪ
ʱΧĺһƬţһߣǺˮɫʺһƬߵѪˮ˺УʱͻȻʼꡣ
˵ˮǡΪдѪƺӦó֮ΪѪꡣ
Ѿصߣǵ΢΢ţֿ֮ǰֺȻ󣬾ȻоЩγģվΣҪ뺣档
ǣĲܺã
˵ͬʱڿһץǱñǹɴ岻ķ˹ȥ
л٣
ֻһԼĿԼڣһᣬϵѸٵĻָˣˣָٶȿ쵽Լ޷
΢Цĵͷϴ׺̶ڱ㽫ǵκˡ
磬ղ̫ˣǴм䣿
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Ц˵Ȼ赭дȴ˾޴𵴡
Ǹ͸ʵˣ;ʵǿףҲҪɱԼ۾Ҳɡ
ƻֵָ̹лȴִϣǵڣЩ
ǣҺ⣬û뵽λһֱڴøľ棡ид˵
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ʵҪɱǣǰڶʱͼı죬ʱԷԣǲˣɱҵģ
΢΢۾Цǹһ󵨺ң뵱Լѡ·
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ԣ۵˫ؿڴ˵
ɵϣҲ֪ǰӶûкôģҿԼ򣬿ΪİΣԲųˣ
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ĶԲֻܹʵ̫ͣû취粻ܴţ
ղŵί˲ɢ
𣡻ɣչֻڶУΪ죬ܹõĺôѣõĺôѾˣҲ´λлɣ
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ͻȻһ뷨ɼ֣в׿ڡ
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Ҫߣ̹ͻȻ˵ڿУ٣ǵ߾Ѿǣ޹ң׷٣
ƺԤϣ΢һ˵ǣûнı֣׷ңǼǲܵġڸһᣬ߰ɣ
΢΢һ㶣¶ϲѾˣ׷ϡ
뿪ѪԽԽŨʱ˶Ѹٵĳ棬Ǽߵʬ˲䱻Щһա
ͺñʬҲһйأЩߵ壬ٻһʵߡ
źϵʬ壬ʵߵȻ׼Щɽߵʬ壬ͷһ£һ仰˵㣬ͷҲŹ
ʬʧ󣬼ŷһпȻΪĳʵ𾪣Щޱ뿪򣬲֪ҪжҪĽ¡
Щ߷׷׸ʶ˷ϢҪСǸһµߣߵһսҲĽӽβ
Ѫս˫ʧ˴֣Ҳ֪ɱΪʲô˵ΪǸʵǿߣԭҲ̫Цˡ
սȴҲĳֶʼ
ȴûж룬ǣС֣ӭŷ磬ǰС
ڷʱȴ˺ܶ࣬ЩΪͻȻεѡΪȷ
βͷ
Ǹоܹ׷ǿߣٿԼ֤δ֤飬ǷУȥңԶĺðգָоǴ̼ġ
ùһȥУһҲ


664 
δ֪ĺδ֪Σգݹǵ˽⣬ԽǰߣԽǿߣԼɽڵΪ޷㶨ġ
ᶨĳһУϷУΪߵʵƺǿ
ĺ򣬻вսֱɳսĳŲ
ʱƬͻȻ˾͵ĵȺ֮иߴɽʮһƬһĵ죬Χĵͬǰ㻷͵졣
ʲôط˽Բ֪ĿıѰƬǿߣ״ﵽʲôľ硣
ٽƬȺʱҲʶɢȥ¶һ˿Ц⣬߹ȻǰҪǿĶࡣ
˱һȺڿˣȴû˿ĻţһȺ΢Ц
ϷȺѲ߰˶Զӳ֪λʲôˣ뱨򣬱Ϸ飡
һ߱ȭȻȴ
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ѣֻ·˵أصѲ˶Ϊǰɣ
ҲȭЦⷴùа֪ΪζԶԷô
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ȺΧҪʵݷɽ룬֤ݵ𣿡
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ЩˣֻԼǾҲڣݶԷȼأ
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ǼԣɢƣҪɱˣԶɽߵƣҪ֧Ѳ߶ӣʵ̫ˡ
ڹǵѹ£ʮ˶ܵĪѹֻ߿ǿ֧ţ˵ѾʼɪɪˣǸͲһεʵ
֣
һһ˵γǰ
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ˮһīɫĻһƣˡ
ʲôˣΪҪȺͽ̣
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ȴֵ˴ңԶ֮ǵ·󵺣ֻιһ޷ṩ֤㱻ǵѲ߶¡
Ŷд£
δ˶ʵ
δˣˣ߻شѾˣΪǰ鷳ɺδ˴
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λ£
ͻȻʩЦĿΪͰ
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δЦ˵
Цˣ֮Իʱڴ˴˽һʣòƱǵ߿ˡ
˳ȥȵһֵɽ˱ЦΪ˽ܵϵķ顣
˺ţ˵ֻ¶΢΢Ц⡣
ֵ֮ϣǿʶ㽫̽˸飬ɽٺڵߣɽڵҲʮˣǰҪʲôûв²Ļ뽫ڵϡ


665 
һǰĵΧĵҪʮ౶Ҳﵽ˰֮ࡣ
ֺܾˣǿȻǶɽٺڵģʱûִߣ΢Щʧ
죬ǸЦϲĻԿڴ˴ҿΪƼְ񣬻ܹӵԼɽͷ
ǲһ㶣û뵽˿Լ׷ľĺܼᶨڴ˵ص뷨
л̨⣬ڴ˾þӣʵڲ˼Ǿܾʧ
λҲأӢһ˲ţڴ˵ҲյڶŮĻӭôŮ죬Բ뾺ѡĻˣһлΪ˵ģǰʮҲϣΪɽٺǰķˡ
˵ⷬȫȻ֪ԼԴʱܻᱻն˵ǻĺô֮ܶƾòһɳ˼
а͵۴ȴѾãҲ͡
ȻҲֻ飬ǿǡʵϲĻǹܹ£ǣҲԿһ¡֪һˣֻҪǶŵĿһиõǰ;ġ
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ǲҪʾ⣬ܹϵķˣһŭӣǺȴĪ֪ΪΪ
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գһ˫С۾ǡ
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顣
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ġ
Ц˵ǺǧлԥҪҪʵ㱨Էǰҵġ
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˵һѾʧɽͷǵҲʧˡ
˲ƣߵʵȻ˼ˣȻЩɽٺڵǰ˲ƣҲûء
ʧ󣬺ղŵĻ̾ȻɽٺߵʵҲûǶǿʵҾȻţǲ˼飡
ͻȻ뿪գޡ
һ˲ƣ˱뿪ĵϷУ˶ԣѵõûɱˡ
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һ·У鷳ģһɱ¾ֹʮ죬ѰҵƬǿߡ
˳ڵߣŵĲű߼ʣں֮УռΪκθԽ˻߶ء
֮£ߵԽԽ٣ԭЩǿɱԣȻΧ߶ɱˡ
ԣƬԽԽյе߿ĳߡ
ǰһ˳ڵߴӺԾҲ˵ֱˡ
ߣֻпϷķݣЩǿߵĶ֡
ЦЩǿսЩ˳ڵߵߵĴˣһζʶΪѾﵽڣԶԸ˳ڵߣռоƵʤ


666 
һ˳ڵķɽ֮£ƬĺҲûκߵټ
նɱ˳ڵߣѾ޷ˣȻ뵽ʵǿȴû뵽ǿ˾硣
Ĺ۲£ÿضһͷ˳ڵߣԼÿɱһһƬȱ
ңʣޱߵĺ뵺죬ʱһڴ˴
֪ǰĺȣŴӦ
㣬ǿʲôΣգʶϢ֪ͨңҿ˲ϵ
һŹһ˳ǰȥ
ʱԽڵΪɢƽķɹһ麣棬Щ˳ڵ߱㲻ұĳսˡ
ǰĵѾ֮£ûκֱͣӳǵȥ
ӽ֮ʱϿͻȻðʮΣƺһ㡣
ʶ˲̽ȥԭʮ˽Ǵ˳ڵΪеǲûг嶯ļɽ
ʶ̽飬оʵʱʮҲЩ㶣гԥ֮ɫп־֮ɫ
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˳ƺΪǰҲǳʵƾʮ˳ڵΪҲ׵ս
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ЦʵǰԶľ룬ȴûִڵߣвЩź
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Ϊ޷ͻڵΪأòûɣ
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ںף̽飬ҲһĽ壬˵ƬпǱȫյġ
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ԭռˣƬǿҲǴ˳ڵˣʺڴ˷չ
뵽ԭΪ˳̽һ㣬Ƭǿǿ߻ʲôʵԸԳˡ
ಣ
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Цһӣס˶ˣȻڿнгԶ˲ơ
һӣѾڵϿա

˸һ֣˷ܵǰݼֻ΢΢ͷúֱӴӺ׳ӭĳ֡
ں׹ڿʦţȴû뵽Щ˵ʵôͼǵߵʵԶˡ
Ҳ֪ŷǳӣȻ⣬ȴ
һֳ֮׼ٴ뿪˴
ԭڴ˴ѾΧ߽ս֮ã˫ʤǸɳ˶ɽٳڵߣȻɱ˻ȥ
Щ²ĿڹԭǸĵһɽڵߣ׼Ƭ׼Դš


667 
ҪҪʱǡɷأҲӦǾ仰ɲ顯
ڵطԶƬǿߣƬû߻߻ðУԣλòֻҪܹչȥһᳬƬǿߡ
һ·֮ϣƬҲ˳ֵĵ飬־츳ԣƬߵǱߣ츳õûе츳ʺ
ԣǱ˵ŵÿ˶пڰڴﵽǿߡ
ǿסеļѪΪʱһ仰ֱùֺ޵ĳ嶯ڹǰʱ˵һùȼϣĻ
ǣӴԺŵĳϣһΪŵδսģһ죬һ㵽ȥʶǿߵġ
仰ùЩͷһӣٸͷǣܿ㽫ʰķġ
ߣѾѪģҲˣԣ˸ѵţ˲鷳
⣬⸽һƬйֶɽڵ߰бŵķչ˳Ķ࣬ٲٱŵΣա
٣һķԸ߾ȫţϣһԵ˵ľݿǵһʲôĹ⾰
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޲ɢ֮ϯÿһεıܴЩ΢˸УѾϰ뿪ǰ׷Լ룬Ȼһ㻨ʱ䡣
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һᣬſЦŴ·Ȼ󳯾β׺׷ȥ
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վβ׺뷨ֻǴ˳ڵߣҪͻƣҲҪһϣԼƣûͻƳȥġ
ھβ׺ЦͬʱҲЦˡ
һʱһʱҲ
ΪڿǴڵΪѪȻƽǿĹҪƿƣʵϲ̫ѡ
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ȫµĽƣͬСɣҪݳƣֻϴϣˣ
ʵȻֻǿͻƵɽٳڣȴһ߿Աġ
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һ׾β׺˵ĻԭⱻյĿռУûУĻǸܽġ
꣬˼ģٷǳ㣡һΣ
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Цס㣬˾ͷ
β׺ӵ۾гһߣԵЩŤ
ҲѾɵЦ˼Ǿβ׺࣬סΪ֡
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β׺ִԼĽƣЦڿввǣȻûпκνź顣
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β׺±㿪ʼĿʶȴй۲ķӦ


668 
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ĺһڣֿе㱱һ㣬һֱԶеҲֹͣתռ䲢ԼĪƽҲΪγɵĽƲԽ̡
ڹ۲һ˫ͻȻ͸Щ˷ȥñײƺײǽһ㡣
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ϻɫϽɫ֮ǿϽɫʤһżǱƣСָϵĻһֱûͣϢ
ǹΪʲôգʹϻɫ潫ЩڻأȻתҺ塣
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β׺ڿ˰죬ȴҲû̽ټŭڿʧȥĵʱٴγڿС
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׼ȥȴβ׺赲ˣȥڵʵЩ죬ҿɲҲɱԭأ𶯣
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ڴ˳ΪʱҲ¶Է֮ƣοأԣȻûж㣬׼ӲӶԷĻ

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ҲѹԼԪ񣬿ԪܹѹɶСأڻǱΧĻַˡ
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оֱѵĸоԪһѾǿֲĻ濪ʼȼգʹʵ̫ң϶ܹɵʹǿʮϡ

ͼԴʹӶᶨԼ־
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Ҳˣֹֻͣʹ࣬㣡

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Ц֮еı֮ɫԽԽŨ
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687 
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688 
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ܿȴϾɱͻȻڵأ̬ȳϿҵ˵½ɣϴĶ飬ϴӦ
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ţͻȻˣֱӳŶԷĳȥȻֱȭͷɵĳ
аЦ͵ķĽնţȭͷ
ԽȭԷΪҪǿһ֣ȴҲóԸΪⳤ࣬ɽᲢۡ
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챾Ϊţ˭֪̽ȥȴҲֻ߼ߣΪԼ·
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690 
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691 
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һŽ۵ǰ˫۱ˣȵȲΪսֻս֪ǰ
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ҿһ˲ţһˣôƯŮӣҪǰпɾˣׯɣֻҪʵԺׯҲ̫ѣĺҲׯΪ𾴵
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ɰ૵̲סߵݡ
ܹУ̫ˣòȵֱߺƶ˿ʼʰ׼ǰС
Υ˹涨ҲͲ˺ˣʶɢȥ̽ΧԲǧȻֱʼԶʻϷƿնȥ
һ·֮ϣûκΣգЩػƺⷲ˽ĸأԣ׼һΥ˽Ĺ涨
ֱѾɳ֮ңʱƽԭش̫ˣеٶȻֱ̫ӽ˶˺С
ںɻƣֻڵִﷲ˽ıԵʱſרҪɻƵĽҩԣɴ˽䣬Լڷ˽ϿռٷС
ڵΪò˶ñͨⷲ˽ĵ̣Ϊ˷ֹЩػ߷֣Ϊ֮壬Ϊһɿ磬Ʋ֮УȻϷȫС
ھ·ƽԭʱʶΪͬʱ̽ܶ飬𺳵ı·ķ˽ڶɵ磬սʱսɱĳǰҡ
üΣƶˣŷ˽Ĳпᣬ۲սͬʱҲ˼սƻսʬҰĳ쳣
ڷе;УҲʱʱ棬ѯЩѾ˺δ
һƬƽԭضϣⷲ˽ı߽֮¡
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ҲӺ˲ƶʱȥȡҩˣȻ˵ΪһֱǿǼƵ顣ӽ֮ʱڵִһׯ
û¥ϲͬеߣЩ˻Ѿ˾żߣ˷糾͵ӣӦǾ˲ŵִ
ܶڵִʱһѾе·ϣδĶࡣ
ȴǿȥһˣЩ߷׷ײ죬δһ˵˵ġ
һֱׯľ¥ŷѾ˳ӣǰһ֪ҪõȻƵĽҩô׵ġ
ԼĪʮھ¥ǰŶӣ˴ưӣв˶ѵġ
˲߹ȥһڵһλãǿһȺҪŶӣͻȻֶ֮ʮ˶棬˽黹
ִܹ˴ߣȻѾǧ࣬ĵ·ӱޣҪ꣡οһ·Ͽ϶̫ƽҪܹȫĵִݱ߾
˴ݱ߾ھ¥ʯϸ˴˵ݵľλá
ûŶӣվһΧЩߣʶɨЩ͵Ҳﵽ˾żߵΪвﵽ˾ż۷塣
ȻҲǸԵǱбмŻʲ
ЩʱЩҲ¶ȵĿ⣬ΪͬһŶӣһڶŮЩ߾ȵ˵ʵȻֻżߣ˵ʵС


695 
ЩߺԾŶӣΪǾ¥ԺǹرյģƬ̣ȴ˴Ӿ¥߳Ҳ˽Ժ֮С
λ̨֪ǷȡѪƵĽҩŶһ߱ȭ
ǣ߼򵥵³֣Ȼͷ
קʲôקϴ㻰㻹װƣ
ţѾЩŭˣûõҪˡ
ߣûʯϵĻ˭£յȺܹ֮ĶߣôƢô𱬣εִģ
Щĵ˵мţв
Ŷӵʮͬʱ˹һƺԵò⣬رǿ˺
ǽЩȫɱˣ֪ػ߻᲻ᱩŭͻȻɢĹâЩҲɰľ϶Ǻǵġ
ţЩŭˣȵȺʲôӢۺúӸ㵥ҽս𣿡
ʶ̽ȴ޷̽鵽ţΪס˷ŭҡҡͷǱ£Ҿ˶ļŵִ˴ִ
ţˣһʶ
Ȱ߶࿴ۣȴֲؼʱ̻Լһ·ࡣ
Щ߿ǧִһƣпܻᱻΪӣĺ£ԲŻʵʵŶӣ໥ִ֮ҲȽ١
ⷲ˽ĥҲûкôЩ˵ǶˣϾڷ˽磬Щ߶һ·ܹġ
а룬ȴǲΪҪڴŶӣΪι˰ʱû˽ȥҲû˳ɾԵЩˡ
Щƺϰ˳ĬҲǾ̫࣬˸ĸ򣬴˿̸վԼĵ̣һԲеƺڤ룬еƺڻ䡭
ȻŶӣҲʮɵľ룬˵ŶӵʱǰĹԣŶʱҪֽ䱸
Īǿߵģ̵ΣԵ޹ʵŶӣʲôʱſֵ
ֻһӵĶӣбѾЩͷˣΪǰûǵһλ֪ŶӶˡ
ӻƻ赽ڣȻǺ޶Ҳû߸һȻȡ˼ֻҰζʼտҰζ
ȥɲǰ취ڱһٺ⳯ȥȻ㻯Ϊޡ
ʶСĿʼԭǾ¥̽飬Ǿ¥гһСһŮڴæ鶯Ƭ⣬ȻˣҲ˵¥ǿյģСŮҲߣػˡ
ʲôԽɻˣȻ󿪳Ǿ¥ƽ
һᣬѾԽ¥ԺţֱӴ˾¥˶¥һѰңȴûзκȻƽҩйصĶ
ģѲɸûнҩСȻŮˣ
ΪӰǵСڵķ䣬ⷿƺ˽ƣߵʶ޴̽롣
õĿʶѸٵǱ˷֮УǶȻ޾죬Ůӵڷлص
ˣĽаɣû˻ġֻҪźˣǸɻƵĽҩȸ㣡
С͸ŵ⣬ŮлԽĽл
һϲСнҩԼ˽ҩֱȥǿȥ鷳
СʵŮȴǾż۷壬һһߣŶ¥ġ
Ѿˣ̺֮ãΪλҩأҪҾͲ̺ˣŮӽεε˵
ǵСٺٹЦ꣬߶ԣʲô㽫źˣһܣ
ܣŮ˼̻翪ˣ˵үҪ˵ūұ֤ƮƮɡ
һ߰׻ͻȻϣŮӵĵǷ飬ٲĳɢѩ׵ļϣϣȻ㽫˿ľҵĲ
ã̫ˣǵСĽеŮΪ˵õ̺
ڷ֮УŴԱߵ·֪ӵݣ֮Ҳʱסˣȶ͵νľܡ
гܼ򵥣δʲôҩĵطȻֻĵȴ¡
ԼĪʱ󣬶˲ͬʱһŮȻĵ˵ؿϣҵš
˴ŴŮϲɫܣȴƺһ㣬Ȼʼ˺࣬Ȼͬ˯һ㡣
쵰ѣ
ŮЩŭˣҡµˣֱƭĸо
ʲôôۣϢһ£ңһѽŮƿȻ˯
дСƣ˵أ㻹ûأŮȻŹӣҡʵ
ԵЩ˯죬ȴŮЦ㷳鲻ˬ˵ˣôţ


696 
ŮӴŭ޲ɱǰӣһʱɱ죬ŮӾżߵʵҪɱǰӣѡ
ģɱǰɣɱɱӣõҩˣ뱻ػ£ߣҪ֪ӿػѡˣĶûУҪﵽĿģ̸ףʵɣһΣǸ߻ʮʱŴõҩȻ󱻹ѡӣΪ𣿡
дʵķ̽ŮסˣЩ޴ˣڱһᣬʹ
ЩǰҲ̫Źˣһ˾ȻвߣߵҲʵ̫ǿˡ
ǣΪܣҲֻмǱȥӿڡ
Ů˵ǶԸ˵ĳһﶼû˼ŮȪˮЩĵ̾ˣҸǸܰɣ
˵ˣҾͲˣŮ˫¶ϲɫҲһϲ
ʵӸղƭģûʲôܣ㻹߽ݾİɣҪʱ䣬лõҩûģǾǰˣͻȻôһ仰
ŮȴûԤϰģֻ̾ԭϴκһǸ㲻˵ֻҪΪʲôλһʱ䣿
ٺ٣Ȼԭģ˵ˣʱẒ̇ǲӵǿɾҪʱˡֻ֮ȥɿɲûĵӡЦ
Ů̾ͻȻֵİȻС˰ߡ
ҲȻҲƭˣ
ôãû뵽ȴôһ£дŭɱ˵ĳ嶯ǵ۾ǽϵĹһʱжʱһ
ǽֻһһߣ׷ͯգݴ飬һɷǵĸ˷緶Уǻ½С֡ػ񡱡
֪ػԳػߣȴҲвΪػ֮ǴȨ
ǵʽҩҲܹȫȷõҩǻ֮󣬴Ħһ͵ǻ֮ϡ
һȦɫĹδǽϴֻɵģŪ飬Ȼðػ
С˲μػˣֱӴӴϱ̹ڵء
μػ񣡡
ŮҲǵ£ɺܿЩɫ࣬ԼӳػǰʵЩػ
ߣʧ񣬳ɺͳ
ģµǰǸػ϶ƳǿҵѹȸС
ȵȡ·֮׼ʼʵʩԼļƻˡ
С֪ˣӭػ񣡡СƺЩ֣ýػôӻ߳
ε񣬵㴧ĦǵСɻһѾڷһϡ
ɣ񣡡Ȼ˵
󣬾ЩŮӣ֮ãڼ˵еػˣܲϲ
ϧ֪ðģһƵѪ
磬Ѿֹһοʹ˵Ľɫԣݼ㹻ð˹Ӱ۽ǰ
ӵ仯λ¶κϣԵ÷ػݡ
ʱû˵ǱֳĬǶǿҵľѹȡ
С΢΢ЩȻǰػԼĸоˣƺԼΪЩнš
߶ԣܹлᱻػѡڴ˴ػǿĪҫȻҫԽ󣬷ҲԽ
ڴ˴ʮ꣬СƲ֪ٴΣգߵʵЩ󲿷ֽΪżߵߣѶȿ֪Сƻ飬ֻѾɱˡ
˵˸ţŮǸͲûιȥˣ˿Ҳײܹ˵ȴػȿڡ
Ƭ֮رܣ͵ɱ⣡
ŮŵѸٵĳȥСԽˣ֪ػԼǷ⡣
һһǵó˵ƻһһĺƣЧ
СƵʼŮԴӽ¥󣬱ΣжٴΥԼҪȵȡ
ȵ˵ˣСƷһ䣺ػˣ֪ǷԴҩأ
Ū˼䣬ȻȥĽҩȫػԸҩ
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Ůӵ۾ͻȻǺ«пӵǿ
ʣ˿õķʳһ⡣
ػʣµĻٻʮ˵ķɣСƹĻش
ĬһᣬȻſŮӣһĵķθ֮ԣŮͨǿ־ͨ˿飬ѾԻɻƵĽҩˣлᱻɵӡ


697 
лػˣ
ŮϲЦ⡣
ưɣΣҲĺܺãԺǰ;Ц˳һСơ
СæлȻȡһ룬ҡҡǺ«ȻСĵСɫԻǵҺ壬΢ЦĵݸŮӣȥɽǰɻ
Ůӽһ˲һӣ̸оڳȻǰһΪϵͻˡ
ٺ٣Ľҩ
аϲȻջǺ«һɣСҲЦŵͷӦŵ
лػˣû뵽ں½ҩҵʵȻͻˣ̫ˡҲչʮҲͻĿأŮӳĳ˵
ػƵģǻܹɻ뻹ƿɶǷƣһܹõģֻҪɻƣԻҩʵ̻ͻͽԣҲӦػ˵ˡ
СЩŵ˵˵Ůͷ
˺£ζȵں»ƺʵӣǺһ׮ΪںɻƵڣŲʮʱ䣬ܹɻǻƵڶҩ֮С
Ѹٵ뵽Ȼ뵽ԼɻûܵκӰ죬֪»ƺΪ᲻
һ⣬ҲףǾÿߵΪͬΪʲôȥ󣬶Խأ⻹ƣܹʹһԪӤڵ߽ΪԪӤڵߣôܹôڵ߽أҪɲһ
벻ͨ⣬Ҳʱԣа׹һǺ«ѾСһУãϾѾ˽ҩ˵Ϊźķ˼ʱ䣬ȻǺˬ顣
ػʲôʱŮΪɵأŮڴʵ
ԪӤΪŮӣΪʵ̫ˣȻҲΪڵӣˡܹΪͲˣñΪӵĻᣬˣ
⣬ػһλᣬٴ˱չʮܹ꣬ͿԱΪӡ
㳶˸ɽŮӴˣ̾ϲȥѰҵطչˡ
ҹѾЩˣɲطôȥ˭֪Ǹػ᲻ͻȻð
СƱ΢Ц˫֮гڴ񣬼ػƺҪȥжʱżˡ
ػˣŵСһ£֪ʲôʱ԰СԸأ
СС˵ʱעػķӦ
֪ػŵСʲôЦ˵˵ػŵʲô飿
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𣿱ػôǵˣ
ǰһżƵʱȴаЦ˭ղźŮˣҲԼ˵ʲôܣȻʲôûеȵ
С뵽ػᷴԣвģȴֲҶ˵ˣΨػԼС
ðɣҴӦ㣡ҪɣԸӵԹӦػԿΪ޵ӣ
ѵСƳԱӣаЦ
СֱɵˣΪλҪӵԹͷһСܵܣȴ᲻˱СܵһΣҲķλᣬһʱ֮䣬оޱȡ
ɣʮʱ俼ǣǺˣʱػ˵
ȵ˵Сдϲ㹻ʱȥˡ
лػˣʮ֮ڣСһὫ⿼ġСƹ˵
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˵仰һѾǽϵĻУȻĵĶݳ¥
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˼ӣڵȵһ죬ǰһ˷ܵӦŵȻϲЦտ¥ȥ
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߹֮ʱʶѸٵĽ֣׹˱Ѿʧ
Ŷӵ߾һɴ۾ΪﻹܹʹʵӦֻػˡ
Щ˻Ϊػˣ׷׸ᶨڴŶӵġ
Ƭ̣Ҳ˺С
磬ǲȡҩô˺ˣţɻʵ
ڴԽ˽ʱڣţɾˣΪ࣬ţߵһ֣˼ȡ
˴սȰܵĺǱţˣһ飬Ҳ֪ôģ鶼ǡ
ֵǣȻûз𣬶Ĺĵģ׼Լʵָһ
ѾõҩˣǵܿԽţЦ

˷׷׷ϲõЦΨţЩЦû뵽ҩõ֮죬Լûϴˬأ


698 
ȣɱڵĿ⣬ţķ֣ԼıܿҪʼˡ
ҩΪƣҵĲ룬ɻͬʱУǿǺ»ƺý׼Ц׼ƸȵʱͻȻͣסˡ
ôˣһأȲҪָΪˣţЦ
Ŷ㣬飬飬ʱܹûƣǳ˷˽ٿǸǻưɣ
ʲôƵģ֣ص˵
ΪʲôЩץˡ
磬֧˫˫֧֣ţЦһԼȻԵɪһʱ䡣
Ƿ˽ĵ̣Ǻ˻ƣһﵽɽٵΪǿǼܱҵأĿռ޷Ƕɽ٣ڷ˽ɽ٣Цɣػ񻹻Ƕɽ٣ҿһҲţԣΪ˰ȫֻһˡ
ҲɿЦĵͷ
֣ǻûأȻһ㲻£ұֻ֤ʹʵ
ţٺЦŵˣƵĺܣʵⲻǱ۸Ķô
ϴأ۸Һܳʱ˰ɣҲԱԣţЦ
ߣȹ˷˽磬С㱣֤ԣ˵㵽
ߣȹ˷˽磬ţˣҲЦȻ
ţ㻹ܻûѽţģҪţ͸Ͻģȳ˷˽磬ˣǺЦ
ݱ߾֮⣬ɫŨͬסһ㣬ҹǰ죬Ũޱ޼ʵģɢš
ڵõƺа˲٣οԽݱ߾ִԥݡ
ѾӶҫŵϹƽԭֵţҰ֮ϿֵĻ䣬ϢŨЩֵ֮ϣѾׯڵ
Խݵķ˽磬ڵִ߾ȴû˽ػȴһֵĸо
Щػ񵽵ʲôɵģΪڴʱټ
ԭԤϵִ˴Լһս׼ƭɻƵĽҩȻ취Щػ֮ززɴʱȴЩȻ
ûжֲζһػֵķ˽磬Щػڴ˴ɻء
ӭųСĽʶɢȥ̽߾һׯ󣬺Ȼ֣û¥ֻз˴ڣû̽鵽ػ
ˣЩһˣֻҪͨ˵أڲأ·Ҫǰеģ
뵽һѾݱ߾ǰ֮зȥ
֮ʱδػټǱ㾶ֱ͸˰ִԥݡ
ԥݱ߾ݱ߾ͬС죬Ȼһ޼ʵƽԭȻһׯֻԥݱ߾ڼӣĸҵʿ׼ҵ
ĹĽսûʲôȤʶһׯ֮ӣȻߵĴׯ
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Ѿһ¥֮ǰ¥ݱ߾Ǳ޽Ĳ࣬ھ¥ʮŶغš
Ƶֻһžžવĳ̣һһԹվš
ȻǱߵһģһ
̾ȻȥѯһŶӵߣףԥݵķ˽ݷ˽һֻЩĴС
ಣ
뿼ⷲ˽ĹŹ֮ˣֻͨ˽磬һԥϵķ򼲷ɶȥ
һ·֮ϣȻûκػأԽСΪΣڲʱ
һ·СȴʲôΣնûñִԥݷ˽Ϸ
ԥݷ˽ϷȻǰ֣Ÿյִ㷢ػĴڣȻֻһ˶ѡ
ʱҲͷϾػʵѾﵽһֲ¸߶ȡ
ھǧ֮һ¥ػһӱߣ¶֮ɫвôԽˣһѾɻƵߡ
ɻʱ뷽跨Լʵڴ˴ѾҪװˣֱӻָ˱ʵ
Сӣ
һԺУɱػ񷢳ģɲһֱԥϼٷС
ʱٶȣ˲Ũ֮УȻûԽƬŨǸػȴʧˡ
ͣЩػΪԼĿǰʵ̽鲻չ˲ʱһҪСȻˣȴ֪ôġ
ಣ
һӰǰ֮һ۵ػ񣬵ֺ
аһϾԷûһʹɱ֣Լֻʣ¶·
ݱ߾֮ԻȻƣǹЩػĳǿʵЩػҲɱԼʵңԼһУ̫ˡ


699 
˫Ϊ಻ʹú䣬ɶԷʵҪǳ˴ڣһԼ˺䣬ֻ³ȥĿռᱻǿ
˵ƽŶԷûкƶԷĿԡ
˭ػڿˣ͸ǿ

򵥵ʴηԷơ
ĵӲСȻΥ˽Ĺ涨ԹɽػԽ
ǰᣬҿɲΥ˽Ĺ涨һҲǴΣǰ顣
ıȭԲսȻòˣ֪ʵԽ˺ڵߣûκʤ㡣
ػȥᣬƾò಻ʮ꣬Ƥƺƣ˫κθɫʵ
ػ޳ʳָĸһ±ˣ΢΢һϵĻȣ¿յĬƬ̣ڴӱǻк߳һЦ
ϷҪô֮ǽᰴշ˽㣡
ػ˵ȫһλ߶λߵ
ԣѾЩŭΪػǰǲϵػ°ֱŵЩһɼȫûԼ
ֻһػ֪˲öԸԼô˵ᰴԼ˼άжϡ
ǰ½֮ʱѾɻƣȵݱ߾չ涨ȡ˻ƣԲŻָʣΥ˽Ĺ涨ˣ
һ󣬱㷴ʵٵ˼ţ޿Կķ
ˣҲӦԽݱ߾ҩʱѵػûи㽲Ĺ涨
ػЦȻͻȻ˫ۣϵıʼ粻
ѵػ̽ģǺƲȥˣ취˵أ
ޱȣ˫ۣȻƶԷͲܹڴʱ¶
Сӣ㵹ǽƻޱȣϷѾ̽뷲˽ʱ䣬һʱ䣬ѾԽ˵ԥݷ˽磬ôˣ㻹ǵڶ
ػȵҲ֪ղһɺԡ
ȻѾԷҴˣԾͻȥˣʵǰȻԼϢֺαңֻһ·˶ѣǵסȥ·ʲôϡŹֵĹ涨ﵽ·ͷϣǺε
ߣ˴Ƿ˽磬ɵΧ֮ڣ֮£һԪڵҲӲ˵أοһССߣȻΥ˹ǽֻһػȻ˵
ţˣһԪڵǰʲôɻŵҲקˣ˵ɣôţҹȥɱң
һͻȻһ䣬Щ˵

ػĻ˵סˣûκһ߸Լ˵ǵһ
ʲôôֱ˵ɣ
ϵԷûԼ£ҲνˣıûôʱʵҪġ
ݷ˽Υߣɱۣ㻹ҿڳ治֮ԣ
ػЩŭ˵ɱѾȫ֡
ܵǵصɱ⣬вСӣѾַˣϱ㲻ʾһѾɵػͬλõĸ߶ȡ
ػŭв׸ղŶԼмӵôˣ仯δҲ̫һ㡣
ҷ־ܣϷһʹ죡ػȵ
ҪͶŶûУʲôֶʹɣ
˵仰һΣȻʧڿУػȴŲæֻ΢Щȡ
Ϊ֮忪ʼ˵ʱ򣬱ܵķػƺȻ̽鵽Լƶ켣
ԷͬߣаٷְٵİտƤߣϧԷʵǿЩףûжٰտȻǱߡ
֮У޷죬ֻϧʶĲ࣬ػ̽鵽ķλ
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ɣӲģ
ػڰлصѾߵһȻٺˣ״γϷѸٵķС
ಣ
ػֱչ˲ƣסӶݵ·ߡ
ٸǰߣ
ػһȭǿֱֲγһɿ罫֮ȫ֡
ģһս
ʱɫķɽҲ֮ƿնϻɫĽػ񷢳ȭ
ף
ػ̾ȫû뵽Ĺǿ󣬾ȻͻԼȭ
һ¡ӿдһֱƿػĹĽûͣϢֱػߵı塣


700 
ֳΣȻһƿԷ˾ԵЩػ֮⡣
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֪ػܹʹ˺ڵΪݱ߽㲻ɻơ
ȻֱڣҲ֪ȻУΨֱԷɱ
㵨󣬵ػԣϷҪƣ㵽ʲôʱػԣ
ػŭĿӣƴﵽڵĶ壬ȵζЩվȡ
ػޣӵػ񣬸һǰƼˣʲôǣǰߣб¾һս˭㲻ɣ
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˺ߵһȭ֮޷ɱڵߣҲԿԽԷˡ
ȻϽս׵ĳǿټļ̶ȣһȭĴֻһѪѡ
ѪѸٵĸ֮ϣȻ֮С
ܰɣȻû
ػʶһֱʱ㷢ֶԷûԼأңԷԼٶȻָš
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뵽ﻹԷսһ㳯ǰ֮⼱ٷС
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ڴʱֻܹȫǰУ˲ƶʹãϾԷʵʹ˲ƣֻ⡣
ػڿ˲ƺ󣬵ȵʱѾ֮ڣһεĹȭĹȭͷֱӺĺϡ
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ڷɳŨ֮һѪѪѸٵĽ֣ʼֱµ䡣


701 
󱳴ĵʹǽսԵֵ˺ߵĹԷȭͷѾͻ˽ս׵ķ֮ϡ
ػҲѾڵϿգ¶֮ɫ
Ϸľʵ£ߡϿͶϷԪ𡣡ػЦ
ڱĵϣȻĵʹı۾һ仰Ҳ˵
ʵڵΪȻܶԷ˲һȴҲڴӿе䣬ѡڵأȴǹΪ֮
֪ԼƴȫҲǶԷ֮У˺ߵʵκεȼ֮Ĳ඼ҪƵǶԷ˲ƣڵʶȻ޷̽鵽Է˲ƹ켣
ʧȥ˶Ļᣬ̽鲻Է˲ƹʱҪܣеѶȱκһζҪ
ػһֱʶ֣Ȼˣĵٴκһȭȭֱȥ
۾͸һɾ֮ɫû˿춯ƾǿ񱩵ȭԼ֡
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γһӣҵĳ鴤ţƺѾܹһεĹ
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ػƶ׼һɫĹââ֡
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702 
ܣʵԲֹǴ˺ڣһӦÿ
ĵɲ٣УκʶȻţ뷨
һν֮ͬʱΪԷò˼飬˵ػΪûˣػĿɿڴĿѵڿϡ
ʵ˷˼ػ˫̰ѧˣսнռݶĺôɲ֮
ĵѾɱԷôѶԷľԼٶȣȴֺѰѶԷ׷١
ڣԼͬһ㣬ᱻԷһδε˲ƹԣʶٵ̽ȥûʺ϶ܵĵط
ǧ֮⣬һصĵطʶȻ޷̽飬ע
Щ̽ĵطһĿǴԭҲпǱǿ߲ԭȥðһԣٵȰǰ֮˵ʶ֣Լ·ӡ
ߣ쵰ɱӵġסˣһ㱨ģ־ͱɽ磡ģɽ磬Ҳ㱨ģ
˵ָֻ첻µزµʣѾΪ˲ݵĵˣǻкξ֮С
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Է츳ҪǿԼ̫̫࣬رǵػղ̽䣬㱻ӱųۿ
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ҲػĹѾִĿĵأҲʼϡ

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ಣ
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ȫ
еĽһЩ˱㵹˵ϣֶ̫ˣЩɽ֮е˾ȻһҲûг֡
ಣ
һɽȥػֻ΢΢һ£ȴûΪΪֻҪɽ·ʼ޷Լƿء
ӺѾֱʶܵĵط
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ٶɽ˲ƣ廯Ϊɽɽʯֱ߶Уһػ˲ƻҪ졣
ػ˲ٶȻ죬ȴûϰ£ɽĶںֱܶ࣬˲ƽ롣
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˴ܴЩǰĴвͬһΣɫĴȥȶһ㣬ڴΧʮš


703 
ಣ
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Ҳȥ
оҪˣеķɽȴ͵ĳЩնȥһƬҽУͻȻػ˲ƶ
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ڴʼʱ׻ôƻ׽˴ĵص㣬пʱմҡ
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ǹأ


704 
ſŮӵ֫Ů̳Աȥ
ͻȻһ޴˻ӿ˲㽫ŮӵûŮӸողˮԿ˻־о
Щ˻ΪղһԵʶһþŮӡ
ʲôһ޷̶֥һ顣
Ȼﲻ磬ĿҲЩı䣬ŮӻǸŮԺεĳ˹ȥ
һ˫ı۰ץסŮӣŮӷһξԼʱѾٺ¡
ȻԷǹɶξԼҲǸù躦¡
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½СٻĺţȻƾǶֻֽԼˮ档
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705 
½СٻЦ
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Ӻץס˳˰壬ŮҲ˹͵ͨ죬ȴ˼ġ
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˧磬Ҽǵ⸽дСӦڴ˵ϷҲµĲ̫ߵʾҪǸǰŮָǰ˵ϴֹ۵Ц⡣
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ǴУδأ⺣ƺûдǺΪʲôʧӰٵģ
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706 
½Сٻ˵Ҳ֪ڻҰ棬۰Ͱ͵
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ڵĵطһСǳ̲ϣͻȻʼǳΧǶ͵ɽʯǳˮϮʱû֮ء
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707 
ӵʱ䣬ѾأŶֻɫĺ񣬻һֻɫҰãһֻɫҰ
MYGOD̫ˣĿʼˣ½Сٻŵ˵ƺ޴ô˿ʱ׽ЩҰζġ
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708 
һʱΧͻȻһǺһͷԼĪСţߵĺڰǰ֡
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709 
Ȼ½СٻȴǺһ⣬ǾǶ˸մΣյɭ߳˶ԶŨȤҲԸͶ˷ش½
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710 
Ůˣû˵ƭҵأ½СٻͻȻʵ
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711 
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ȻҽԱһ˶ʵĵ绰ɣ
ҡҡͷҽԱЩԻˣһӣƺҪû˵ѡ
ֲǲˣ迴ҸȥȲˣ
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ѣôָлʿֹɫһĸߴƺбƣߺһʿ½Сٻ̧˾Ȼ
ǲʲôˣһ´ӵŮҽʵ
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712 
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713 
Цˣֱ߹ȥܿͽ£Ȼһദ
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714 
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715 
ôˣûǮ𣿸˵ˣõأǮ֮Ц
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ֵܣ϶ʮ飬ʮһŮʮʧȥϰ飬ʮһ꿪ʼ˿࣬ʮ귢һСƣʮ֮ʼ˲ãʮ꿪ʼˣ񣬲һֱ
һ˵ߵƺ䣬˵Ŀɿڴͷ
ûĻزʣһϱ޷ȵ˯ܣ½Ŭ˿࣬ܽǮĿıΪֲɣ
仰˵Ѿվɫͨ죬૵̫׼ˣһ㲻©ѵôѾ֪ˣ̫ˡ
ãȻ׼ǾԸķ䣬ԪǮɣٺЦ
ߵҲӲֱӵݹŰԪ󳮣˾֮顣
ҲҸ˿˶ʮ࣬Ȳʮ֮һҲĻΪʦ
߼˵оȻſ⡣


716 
ۣ磬ҲҪΪʦ½СٻϲЦտ
ʦͲˣȻˣǱԵ֣Ҿ°ɣĲأֻҽѡڵӦԵģҪмʯ鲼ڣҰ֮𵽳ȥȻϸĲȫˡ
˵󣬱վȻߵߡ
лɣ
֪ԼˣмϹϾ˵
˼ƣȻһֻ߱˼£ȴ֮شĳȷʵһڲߣиӲҶ
ˣһϲģᷢЩʵġ
ֻʮ͸㶨ߵļȻصλϡ
һŶӣȶˣֱӱWCȥ
Сٻⲻ׬ǮôԪԶҹӦù˰ɣ
ǮϣЦĺа
磬Ҷˣû뵽㻹ῴ࣬磬Ҳһ°ɣȻûǮϣ
½Сٻ΢Ц
ͻȻյ½Сٻѹ˵ῴ࣬ǺŪģѽĲ˵һǳٵ࣬ٿԻһɣ
½СٻһЦ֪ԷڰοԼȴҲжѡ
磬ҿҪˣҲ£ϣܹң´ηʱ뿪ң𣿡½Сٻҧ촽˵
СٻӦҵģ˵Իһ꣬ԲſڿӵģţŰɣ
ŵЦ
˳ԼĪСʱǰʳһգ˰ƣϷ˺Ρ
ˡ΢Ц˵
һһʮԪΪһŻһ㣬һʮԪɣŮԱ΢Ц˵
õģǮϣˣЦŷ½Сٻ
鷳һᣬȥ㡣ԱС˵
ˣСѰɣЦǷԱСϲл
߳ʮԶ½СٻҡҡͷԼ˶ˣʲôСѣǣǮ׬ģ½Сٻ˵ʲô
һȣ
ߵ
פ㣬ƺ࣬Ц⣬˵ͻȻͨһڵأ˵л֮û»˼ˣҵһ⣬£XXXXXXʮЩ׼βĻڣҵĲκˣ⡣
ʮп
½СٻһȻȥˣ˵ǮԼôܹҪأ
ǮҲȱͲøлˣһлĻ;ЩҪ˰ɣ˵ⷬʱһҲ飬Ǹ˳ֿĸо
Ʒ¸УһķԸЩǮȫҪ֮ˡմ߼ʵ
һԵѯԵǻټġ˵½СٻƮȻȥֻʣ߸мĿ⡣
磬̫ˣʮ򶼲Ҫѽ̫ˣˣ֮ǰĳأĪǷװˣ
½СٻͻȻĳƺӰˡ
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ˣ֪𣿲ȥȡǮȻȥƵס¶صЦ⡣
磬ԭпѽҾ˵ôһǮûлôأ½Сٻգ۾ƤЦ
˳һǰںˣеĴŽţиȡ
ֱеĲһ⵹½Сٻɻˣ磬йˣֻܹأ
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ȥõǮѽרҵУ𣿡Це˵
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źܽʵô
һϲţȻ졣
磬ǿ뿪ɣо˵Ҳȥġ½Сٻֵ̿˵
һŽȥأ
˼שͷеĲͲ
¡
еĲȻשͷҿˣⲻò˵Ǹ漣½СٻĿɿڴУֻǱ󣬻שͷңֻһҲҲͲһˣǲ͵顣
ߣһȥõǮͲ˽ƣȥ½СٻС
еķܣǹؿÿһŶ룬һ˸򲻿
һˣҴߵģȻ룬Ȼʾ׼ȷ
½Сٻн⣬ʽڰ챻תˣԽеĳƱ࣬Ҳڼ


717 
СٻõǮ˰ɣ
ԪǮȻ׼뿪
ǰɣ磬ðôķգֻüԪҲ̫˰ɣ£ôװһȻǾ̫ˡ
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ˣ뽫аؼһɣ
½СٻڴװǮӣɾģܿɰ
½СٻûдڴװǮȻ˫һƱڴţڴǮֱĶڴװĹϸߡ
磬̫ˣǮأðײзеǮҲںһ㣡ϧûбҪҿ϶ĳƱȫߡҪôǮһȥҽԺβأ
½СٻЩˣǰĴѳƱֲ겻ݵĸо
߰ɣȥƵ˯ȥ
Ц˵е½Сٻ̬ǽģһͨˣ˭ô೮ƱĶǹ¡
½СٻԽ㲻ˣܾº֣УȴһҲ̰һ
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磬ҪȥŪǮȫŪ߰ɣѾðˣߣвأ
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ˣǮþˣҪˣ´ȥȡ£أ
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˼ףǰһ⳵½СٻЩŵ˳
ȥ˾Ǹʮˡ
ʦ͵ùݰɣԶһĵطùݾˡ½СٻЩŵ˵
˾κģɻĴӺӾŶˣ½СٻɫţԵù򾲡
ѵ٣˾뵽ֿԣŵĲƲס̡
ʦȥ۾Ƶꡣ΢Ц˵
Ŷõģ˾з˲٣Ϊ۾ƵﲻԶжҶǴ·һû˻ڴ·ٵġ
ȳ⳵۾ƵһոµİԪ󳮣ȻҲҪ½СٻƵȥ
ǰɣڵǮ˻ĿˣʮԪ·ĵѶ߰ʮԪСѣ⳵ֻҪ20ԪأˣհˣȥŹȥ˾뵽Ȣţڴһů̿ųȥ
ʱѾ賿һˣǼƵ˵ȻӪҵС
½СٻǼƵ굹ǺİǰʱȥǼƵݳڴżʮԪ·ǼƵ꣬ȷʵЩ֡
ǼƵѣ۸ԽϸߣһͨᵽǼƵ꿪أ
˽һķԱǰӭӡ
ŮԱЩ˷ܣΪʱƵĿˣһ㶼סѣȻ˵ʱϵЦˡ
ܹǼƵ굱Ա۹ҲЩģֻһ˵·һλһ·ԪǼƵô
ӭ٣Ҫʲô񣿡ŮԱЩе˵ϲްϲɫ
鷳ǿ䷿ɣЦ˵
ŮԱһ㶣ӶˣĳʱЩסˣû뵽ͨ˾Ȼô˧
˦ųƱŮԱЩľȻĽӹЦл
ŮԱ֪Լܿˣ̬Ȼ󽫶뵽ɳϢһ˶˲ˮ
СҪʲôεķ䣬ķЩһļ۸ԼŮԱȽ۸˵Էһǵѡ
½Сٻʱû˵΢Цڡ
֪ԼжûסƵˣʱľƵڵľƵ겻ȣҲ㲻ľƵ굽ô˵ɣͰĶ䷿ɣ
ʲôҪͳ׷Ҫ䣿ŮԱЩʧصľк⡣
磬ͳ׷Ҫһɣͳ׷ﲻֹһأ½Сٻ˵
ȻղŴŪʮ򣬿ҪﻨԩǮлЩܹܵġ
õģպûһͳ׷ʮ˲㣬ԸСŮԱ΢Ц˵
˵˷̨ΪСһ㶣ȻǸ˼ֿһĳƱһסͳ׷Ŀ˿ɶˢġ
ǷԱĽ۹У½СٻСȻͳ׷˵ĹϵٲȻͬһ㡣
ڽ뷿вɾЩΣԼƺҪ˯סʲôƵȫΪǨ½Сٻ
磬ȥϴ裬أҪһ𣿡
½СٻзɣЦЩ
ȥɣϴˣȥϴ衣
΢Ц˵
磬ɲֹһԡŶһһأҲһ죬ȥϴϴϢɣ
½Сٻ˵ľܾ


718 
ϴʱоԼƺЩʧˣôķʱأ㷵磬ʦһԪڵԼҲɽԼǣҲ֪ôˣ
ϴһϵˮʧȻԡ˳ȥ
ѡ˿һңһȻʵĴϡ
ǼƵĴҪ˯ʱҲоⴲϣָо
󣬽½СٻĲκˣȻҾ뿪ѰҷĴ󡣡
а뵽ڵȻУյȴǳʵĴϣȻЩ⣬Ȼ۾Ȼ˯ˡ
˯ˣΧľҲܸߣ϶½СٻûвԣҲܻ뷿֮С
½Сٻϴһʱͷɢڼϣɫ˫Ŵϵ
ôһСᣬ½Сٻճյ˯ģӢϹǳǳЦ⣬΢΢̣ƺΡ
磬Ҽˣ̫ˣһж
½Сٻ૵ȻͻȻһĽ⿪ϵԡۻ䵽ϣǰ˵ľڷг֡
ʱ֪½СٻҲڷУȴûôע⣬Ժ࣬ˣСܵѾԵķӦ
½СٻǸ߸߳ʱ¶˿ɰЦݣ룺϶ΣķӦˡ
½СٻнԼĶ׸뷨رѾ˾֢ڲ׳Ժûлˡ
½Сٻ˫ָ˫壬ĳȥһֻ̤˴ء
ʲô
ɫ˫ͻȻһ۱㿴һŮԼǰ
½Сٻûбŵ˫˫ֻǰֱȻסǰ¡λΪģأһװ˵ߣʱ½СٻĿԽ޳
Ȼ½СٻĿɲֻ޳ô򵥣ӵߵͬʱĵҲǰ͹ֻ̣Ǽ򵥵վȻ޷˵ġ
ֻһۣ½СٻʱģѾӳԺУʹѾתͷȥԺȴǰŮˡ
磬뽫Լ㣡
½Сٻᶨ˵建Ķ£Ȼϻȥͬһˮߡ
СٻҪúϢ
˵ȴûƶȻ½Сٻץס˫ȡ
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ܾ½Сٻƫƫȴ崫һȵĸоǱ½СٻĵطѾù̡
磬ҪҰɣΪŵһΣ
½Сٻ΢΢۾СͻȻ»䣬ֱӴ¡ĵط
оԷȻһץסԼСܵܣָоҪѾΪʵǿߣЩʵƺѾʧˡ
Сٻſ֣л˵嶯
ЦȴöԷûſһֻСַץĸ
磬֪ҿҪˣֻǰԼ㣬ʹӦҰɣȻһĿ
½Сٻ˵ͬʱѾʼŤȻͬһˮһ㣬ÿһεŤ޷Ƶĸо
½СٻûʲôĸоֻǾ˫һˣһ˹ϵҪԼ
һκ书ִŮˣĲȥõΪζźصĺ
뷨½Сٻǹ¶Ѿ֢Ҳ뿪
ûԼҲʱҲᳬһ£ΪԵ֣½Сٻע˾
˲˺ܶ࣬Ȼ½СٻŤЩҲʧȥá
½Сٻߵɫ˫͸Ĺâ㲻ױ½СٻϵƤȻϸ壬Ϣ֮зŮķҷζ
磬Ư𣿡
½Сٻ૵ʵõ϶Ĵ𸴡
ǳƯ
϶˵Ϊһ޿ɷϵģǰŮ˻ɢ˵ഺϢһһЦ֮䣬
磬ǲǺܱɣңʵŮӣֻΪ㣬ҲŻôΪ㣬Ը
½СٻЩĶ˵¶Цݡ
ˣôʲôˣʲôˡк½СٻЦݣжʱЩģСٻҾܾ㣬ǲ鷳СѰһؼҵ·ȴЩ޼ѰڿУ㲻鷳Ը㣡
ʲô鷳鷳Ҳ£ֻҪҡ磬ģ岻ʱһԶ뿪ģκεΪѣ
½Сٻ˲ˣԸԼʱȻϲϵЦֿֿЩʹġ
Щ˫֣һס½Сٻһָӣأزϵˮ


719 
磬Ұ㣬Ҫһеİ㣡
½СٻĺȻ۾ĳ촽չȥ
۾½Сٻ΢΢۾ģ´ʱҲһ
½Сٻ˫ֽĴĴݺȻǷǡ
ǣ½Сٻɬ̫ȫûмеֻǷİ⡣
ǣ
һ󼤶ʱ½СٻѾԶ͹ǣ˵ͷһ
½СٻѧϰҲǳǿģһᣬѾ˲ټұ֮ǰӳ
һӣȻ½СٻϾߣ뿪촽ʱѾԵ
½СٻƺԸһһͣ漴壬ȻĲ䣬زǡ
һ˫СȥϵԡۣһᣬԡѾȫ¡

½СٻɷһУŭͦСܵʱ
磬ôô̫ˣ
½СٻԵú𾪣СܵܣЩ˵
ô˵ˣΣյģѽƫƫҪˣ㻹лڣ
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˵˲źأֻǾȶѣŲأ
½СٻЩ龫ֵЦȻСִоСܵܵĲʱŵʧС
ᶯأѽ档
½Сٻʱһ±ôа˵ĺʮ㣬ԽоԽ˷ܡ
½Сٻ˫ץסʱЩܲסˣɷһͺ˲Ȼ½СٻıڻС
ţ
ܵķ½Сٻ鲻Խĺ߳Ҳûģиֻȼһ㡣
Сٻģɱִָݻ
˵˫˲仯Ϊצ͵ץס½СٻǰǶŸʵİ𪡣
磬Һϲ
½Сٻߵ˵ڳ糺֮ɫܵ˫ֵ˵оҲӣһֱӵȫ
Լķʽ½Сٻӵʱ䣬½СٻѾʧȥȫƾʩΪ
ָУ壬һУ˷ܶһǺ½СٻһֻѾʼ»ƽ̹ĸ΢΢͹ά˹ﵽĹ֮ء
ʪĸоָϴָǰȻʪԽԽǿң½Сٻ徹ȻʼһλøоС
żΪеŮӿǸͨˣһǵһΣԸӦϧʪҲɸʹĹ̡
½СٻԼˣΪЩʧصķĳЩʪҺ壬ԽԽָ࣬оȴԼ
磬ѾȫʪˣҪˣҪСܵܡ½Сٻ˵
õģСܵϾˡ
ٺЦŽߵ½Сٻ۾Ҳһа
һ飬ϧһ۰
ĶСͬϡһ㰮ϧ½Сٻ½СٻҲΪжĶ滺ʱעԼĸܣ½СٻжļҪ޳
½Сٻ˫ۣλһˣʱС̽ߣᣬԼͬɽһ㱬ˣĸо鲼ȫÿһϸ
Ϊ½СٻֻһˣΪǵһΣԣСһΣСܵĹвͣĦţȴǲڹķߡ
磬ɣҪ㣡
½Сٻͷ˵лһֱϧԼɽȴǡǡ෴ϧԼԼⲻȥˡ
Сٻһʹ͸ңһᾡоʹġ
ĿʼͦӵŬ׼λãȻ󽥽й½Сٻķ֮ơ
½СٻЩȻ֣лЩµġ
Сٻ£һġ
壬ǰ˫壬ָо½Сٻ鲻Խı۾
ܣ۾ܣ½СٻҪȫ
һһ㣬󻬵ãо֪½СٻĶ
ʱ򣬾ôϧҲҪͱǱһĤǱġ
Сٻ׼𣿻еʹҪˡ½Сٻ૵
ɣ磬Ұ㣬Һܰ㣬ұŮ˰ɣ½СٻıסĲӣϢ˵
ͣ
ˣͱĶȴûµŮ˷ʹ
½СٻȻеľ쵽˺ѷεʹʹʱ䲢ֻǶݵһ˲䡣
΢΢üąסͣʹ࣬½СٻûзһŮӦ÷ʹС
֪ʹʹǺݺģСܵܶ˼£⼸ײ½СٻҲܵˬС


720 
СٻȻͲˡ
֪
˫ץס½Сٻ˫壬ȻסĴһҵĿǣ½Сٻעתƣʹ˺ܶࡣ
ᣬĶţȻȴڽı½Сٻ̲סŵ
磬һ㣬
½Сٻû뵽徹Ȼ˵ĽָоԽԽꡣ
½СٻôˣһһֱϧԷҲԼſһˡ
ߵܣҪֳĹԣһҲ£Ŷļӿ죬½Сٻɴг
СٻҪ㣬ҪΪҵŮˡ
Щ˵ƵҲԽԽ죬ǿĳֱ½СٻǰƮƶˡ
磬ҪΪŮˣҺ
½СٻǱܵ˵˫͵ļס֫ĸоҲǰ緢
оСܱܵܽİΧţÿһνָо
ԼĪƬ̺½СٻĴѸٵľţк֡
ҪˣҪˣ
½Сٻ˫ֽץס˽׵Ĵüë΢΢ţϵıҲꡣ
Сٻ
ͺһ͵ıµŮˣĳ鴤ʮ£ſ½Сٻ¡
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ҹʱ½Сٻ˹ֺĸо洫ԭСܵѾͦˣȻԼûаγ
о½Сٻ˺¶аȵЦ⣬½Сٻ
磬û½Сٻ
ҺΪ㣬һҲΪأ
ڶֹϵٴοԷоȴѾ˺ܴ𡣶½Сٻ˵ԼѾŮˣԼˡԣǰĵҲѾɢȻ½СٻϵǾζϣԼİˡ
嶶˼£½СٻЩ̲סĵ
һΣǻƣٺһЦȻӱ汧ס½Сٻ
Ǵ󻵵Һϲ½СٻоȻˣһȴֻһʹĸоȫռá
ҹһĲ࣬Ȼǽıһӵߡ
ɫ΢˯е½СٻϴЦ⣬ƺʲôֵΡ
ҪôҪõõǾ͵ö½Сٻ뷨ȴԼĴԭ
ӴԺ½СٻŮˣڣҾ;Բ֢ܰΣ
мᶨ˵
½Сٻڳ˯ȴ֪˼ʼı䣬ӿֳɫĹâʱһ͵½Сٻߡ
Ϣ½Сٻţ½СٻԲһѹ񾭣Ҳҽ½СٻƵҪݡ
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ʱʵҲС̽½СٻԲΪһĶʼ½СٻԲ
΢Ц½СٻһֵͷϣһӵԲѸٵĽš
ͨԲгνȡҲô򵥵顣
һĴСİ£µʲûж½СٻԲκӰ졣
һᣬ½СٻӿâЩâԶķͰУǶĳɷ֡
ʱ½СٻԲѹ񾭵ĶѾʧˣˣԲһ飬ȷκκ֢
СٻԺ󲻻оּķˡ̾е½Сٻ˸߽ҪߣҪ㣬Ҫߡ
΢΢һЦİӸǺãȻȥԡ䡣
ԡУ·ȥֻҪһٲһˮЩˮֻѸٵţΧߡ
ӲˮŻ棬Ѿϴɾ
վʮ˲̨ϣСǣЩգΪԼĪı͵ҪͻȴҲڡ
緵صΪѣҲԼԶҲ᷵ص򣬿֮УԼˡ
ǣֻǵƱûлسǵĳƱҪ磬Ѷ֮󣬱ȴ͵˴ѡ
ҵðݷһӵߣҲðݷһ¿ѧҡ
ЩЦ
磬磡½Сٻϴ裬ĵĴס
Сٻö˯һġ
΢Ц
磬ͻȻӺ㣬ôһҲȣǲ֪Ҫ㣿½СٻЩֵʵ
ʵ½Сٻԣֵȥˣرı֣˵ǹŹдžϲ
СٻЩܣӦøˣת½СٻϴصЦ⡣


721 
֮أ˵ɣ磬˵ʲôܣҲܹܵġм޼漦޹湷½СٻƤͷֽľô˺أͷһҲۡ
ʵҲͨˡ
Щ֣ص˵
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722 
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һʱ䣬ս㴫Żָʾڳ˿ЩĿֻţЩսҲûеõʲôָʾ֪ɻʲô״


723 

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ǳ˵Уر࣬ڵԣΪֹƻȻԽȻֺҲȻεĹ¼ȴЩȻֺȫͬڳ˵񾭡
ڶ̶̼ʱڣɻϵĳ˿԰̵ٶܹķɻΪĿѰвΪӵˡ


724 
ٶȫװĺղžѾͻмµɴ۾ŷɻ
ڷɻжȵվڷɻ֮ϣһµǸɫεŮ½Сٻ
磬óܷɻϵ˶ɥȪ
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ڿͻ֮ϣԾԵĸ߶ȸ·ǣָо½Сٻᵽġ
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ôأǣǵĶˣ㿴ǶأǼΪΪΪһ¼ΪеӢۡ½Сٻ͸ŲţͬʱҲ͸Ϊ˵顣
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꣬ѣҲûнԼнһУƺڤڤ֮Ѿעٴλص˵أḻҲɸпĶࡣ


725 
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֪ΪʲôЩȴ鲻ԽΪ˵ָо½Сٻ


726 
˵ʲôֻǸɽµȺ¶һĨаȵЦ⣬˫ؽ½СٻڻУḧ½Сٻ㷢
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ǡ½Сٻ˵Щʲô
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ۻܴǣôһԶ뿪㡣ԣҪˡ˵仰ɫҲһݡ

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ǿҵĿ飬ԵĿֲΪĹȷ˵ĻᶼԻĹǿҵǴҸΪķԽìܣһҲ̫ĺƽȶչĳԻߵʵ
ҪǴǴɣôĹѾǴϰˡ㾹ȻԻ˵ɴ̫ԼĹ˰ɣߵķʵ
ǸԻû뵽Ĺٷ̬ȾȻǿӲҵǴҵļȫըһ㣬ľʡ
Դˣʼմ΢Цģһشߵ⣬ֻεĻشȴ𾪲ϡ
ҲĪļҲε¼һȫµĿʼΪ쵼Ҫһλ飬ֽҲ躹޶ĻĹڿʼеĽ
һΣ̯Ƶʱ䵽ˣĹͬڿյľ¶ŵһĻ
һʱԻ⽻ǿҵǴ𣬲ȫԻĹεнƲá


732 
۶ԻĹһƬǴ֮ʱĹýȴԹεķԸ߶ڵİҲܸȾ
ԻԶսģУǿ黪ݿֲоĹѾվ˹ķ˼ϣȫΧڿʼһѪ
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ƺԽԽˣԻЩɵˣû뵽Ĺģһ뻪ĹóֹԻľɽǶħĴҵķҲòһ»Ĺεķԡ
ʱ˿̣½СٻڻĹУ˾ͬͨ°һй֡
ԻУģôĹİв𺳵ġ
鷢ĵڶ죬ȫѧУȫͣΣĹҲֹͣݲȫͳƣĹгУȺܹģһڣ⻹һ֮䣬ΪʱƣʿڷС
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½Сٻ֪Ϊȴû뵽ֵ־춯صĵزҲûϵȴΪΪеԺ
Ѿ˻ĹУȴ磬ЩԶȴˡ
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Ĺѣһ֮ƣùڶԱ۲Ҵ۾ȫ򾭼õһMʱҲ𾪵ıȫĳĬ
Mڹʱ򣬻ҪԻĹĵߣǵҪʲôĹճʱMҲԥˡ
Mѡ˹ҲڹûĹĿ
ڵϣٴ𾪵ǣսıˣԻ׼˴¼浽ϹʱĹȻֱӶԻսˡ
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MעԻû뵽ĹڽȻչľжȵMյϢʱƺ̫ˣMԮֻҲѾ̫ˡ
Ĺʱʮʮ֣Ϻ˴ľĹҺĸϺϣ⣬ӽܵķɻѾϺϿաM庽ĸٶȸϿʱںϿʮһŵĺǱͧ
ܼսȺں֮ϣһִսͻȻ䱬ˣûκιҵĹ۲ԱܹԤϵĹιģǰ޴ľж
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̵Σһ̫ˡҾлҲû̹̫ˬˣ·ʿģǲһˣȫҲ̤ƽˣοĹĸ߿ƼѾʼ˵ˡ
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½СٻͬļĪŮһûк࣬ǣΪһĹʱǾͲһĻˡ
磬ҽҲÿģܹԼ飬ĺܽνսȻȴܹһ壬죬ΪԼһĹ˶Ժ½Сٻס֡
оԼþòĵĿЦˣȫһֺޱĴЦǴûĹͻȻ׳ٵģҲĹԵ˵ʱҲ˱֮˰ɣ


733 
ͺñһصͻȻһԻ磬⣬ԣڻĹսۣû׼Ҳû׼
ʱʲôϹģȥЪϢˡνĺƽģǿߣҪһҪƽô
źĸڣںĸңʮһװĻĹأǵȴ˷֮ɫ
ͬ־ǣһ̣֪ĵ̫̫ãΣΪ˴ս۵ָӣ֪شԣλܹȫ֧ҡһθս۵ָӣǾ򵺣ͱˡΣMпܹκϣ㲻õĵ⣬ֻҪΰεĿǾѻκθڲֵĹһҺĸȫ˾ָӣκιڲ֣ҽǸϳĹ캣ΧһΣ˼κ飬ҷл캣ߣսը𽢣ĸǸϻϼҡұˣָһҺĸڴΪǵĺԮ˳͸¶һ䣬һոս۲ΨһսۣѾ׼˼ʮ꣬㹻ľʵͬʱ򼸳սۡõģλ׼ǰĲʼչж
߬˫ȭϵı΢΢Ĳţһʲô涼ˣ˿ҲЩεĻƵ飬ҺĸǿͨƵ̸̸ȻǾԼܵġ
ôܣ˵̸ȴӲʶ̽飬˵ĻʱڿйЦ
һҺĸ򵺵ķոܹȻõģαһ޴ѹҲڻĹǿ£ѡͶҲ˵
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1սС飬Ŀ꣬ɫźţһӲߣضԿյɫƵ
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ǺЦȻ׻Ĺ״ϵͳηԼģȴһҲںĹԽǿԼطϣԽɡ
ʮԵźͬʱڸ߿з䣬ǻĹһսСԿЩ߷ľ档
ɫ棬ɫ棡ǻĹգеߣĸҵߣһѸٵƶ뿪˵أ򣬸ɱۣ
ڿлصţе߷׷Ϊ֮һֺɫľЩл̿֡
֪Ĺ߶ɫʵģвʵǿߣЩ֣˳ɼϢ߷׷׿ʼˡ
²ؼ߸߹ȻҲ⣬ǣڿлMԻߣ򵺵߻Ը뿪ϾĹηľж¹رĸ档
һʮ߸ͲΪһЦڿУЩҲ֣ʱѾ뻪Ĺһս׼еȻˡ
ɽҪһ𲢼սˣ˵ĹߺǿԼʶһˡһ˫ۇ˵ΪMߵӣȻԸһ뿪
˹κһѻĹߣΣΪǶĸ棬һ¾ȫȥսɽЩ˵
ϷȷǾʱ䣬ӻĹʱ䣬ǿߣȻǾҲҺӣΪɵƻڵеǿ


734 
Щ˵ͷȤĿЩߣѾϵЩߵ³
Щߣ󲿷ֶ˸߿ƼܹڿɵķУҲﵽʦʹñڿУȥͬһȺɵһ㡣
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һӺЩȻڿУƺĹľȫӣںܼ򵥡
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ڣͻȻ֣飬Ī֪ôģȻƨˡ
ٺһЦϢĽѾΧЩνĵضԿյͻԼĽơ
ʮɫٶȿ쵽޷ֱ棬һ˲䣬е߷׷׾ˣһп
ķٶȣ˽ľЩ߸ʱ䶼ûУ׷׵һʱչٶȿѾʼڿмٷУԴ˰ѵĹ
ڷ䵼֮ǰҺĸѾеս󲿷Ѿغĸͷ˸ߵƲ֮Уӵжֵļɡ
䣡
С͵ضԿյڿѤõĹâſеߣΪٶȣԼһͣգۼ飬е߾ʧ˴󲿷֡
ڻĹǰսߣʵȻȥмʦ߿ȫж˾Ȼס˱ըֻˣ⵹ҲЩ⡣
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ʣµĶ½Сٻʱ˵ı죬öضԿյûбըڶ˽²ţ⵼ɷɽһ
ָӲĻȻֹ˶ĿתĵĻ˸ǰĳֱǲֵܳΡ
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½СٻȫİߣҾķ̽鲻½Сٻ
΢΢ſڣȻĿĶˣ૵ӳ㿴ô£ôôǿߣ
˱ǻ˵ĶӳʱҲɵˣĻⲻܣܣû˿ӵĹûǾȻŵҵת⣬Ҳֻſɣ
񣿡
סˣŶ˹۲죬һĨǳǳЦ⣬˶ǺͷƤеĳӢŮžǻѵĻˡ
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ӦǰɣҲҵߣ˿Цܿ죬ƺ뵽ʲôƵġ
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ҺĸָӲһ󾪺ʱ½Сٻڿ΢ЦĿ˵ߡ
ɽ˹ڿжһۣƺҲǰܿ죬˱㳯˷˹ȥ
£򵺵𣿡
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Ǻǣǣ΢Ц˵ЦҲɽһɡ
ͬڿУͬʱĹĵ֪ԷԼҲӦһӪģֻɽһԸ뷨Ҫ֪ǻĹߣҲԸ⿿
ѡ񿿽ʵҲΣǾĳǿʵҪǻĹټ䵼˸㲻ڿûܣҪǱ뺣ֻĸңΪԷǺĸӣô𽢣кǱͧ˿ѷڵ
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ΪǿߵĴڣҺĸʱҲûжָӲſеĶԻʱŶϸԻ
ˣҲHGʱиˡ
ɽҲͬ嶼΢΢ΪΪ˼룬ΪȻǰĶܻĹĹôоͽǻĹ˵ݸˡ
뵽Ҳͼҵǿ󣬶ڣȻ뵽ԻߵĿԡ
˹һ仰˵п˼˺ܶ࣬һȷԷݣεſܼȥ


735 
ѵԻˣɽ˷ܵ
½СٻһۣȻЦ
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һڶСʮĿ꣬ӳߴʱսɱĿ꣡
ϵ´ǶһǻĹߣǾֻвϧһս
ĵһ۵ɽһۣʵЦΪĻЦЦʲôԭأ
ѵӦôЦףҴԻ۹ֳŵһߡɽȻԼϲУⲻ֪ͷ
ðɣȻԵڴμԦ⵼Ƕ˹վ⵼ϣҸοơٺЦ
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ŪˣǻˣףǺ˰ɣ
Ц½СٻͻȻʧˡ
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½Сٻ˲źĸָʱ˶ȻһӶɳˡ
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Ǽ棬ҲЩסˣΪԷģ޼ѰңĸȺķǿƼܵϣû˶̵ʱڿͻƵָڣԷˣǾһĴڡ
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ЦȻ½СٻʵϰΡ
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֮ͶѣɱЩŵԻɽԱΪǿֲΪô˵ǰӢأ٩
ϲЦ˵ɱҵˣȷʵǿֲоǻˣɱԻˣӢΪˡҲЦ
ãŨζļƷѾ͵Ʒһڣƺ쵽ǶߵЦӣһҲһһ̰ɣ
ҲʲôĻͻȻһƬ⣬ҽȫըûˣǿеĶ߾һ仰±֮ء
Ҳɳ֪ǿ߶ԻĹķһ˾ͲڻĹļҺĸˣʶһΪеĺͲ롣
մЦʵ
һ֣λŮѣ½СٻͱˣֱҶ־ͺá͵˵
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ǺǣĻͽһֵܰɣҵļᣬĹϵɣˡ


736 
д󾪣û뵽ǰôţЩȴе⣬ƾжһ˵Ļֻ²ߡ
ܺãֵܣңϲ
ֲؿȻֵܣǾʲô˵Ҳ׵۹⿴⣬û뵽Ӳʮ꣬Ĺǿˡпյʱ㣬ڵҲǹʮˣֵҲΪ
ٴһԭԷԼҪһҲղŻֵе㲻ϰߣȫȻˡ
Ȼֳ곤ֱǿҾͽһɣɲƴŶˬʵЦ
Ҵ磬иСܵҲΪŵЦ㱽ָӳĵĸˡ
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ʵװƽţƣûʵװƽɵƣȻǰߵķ룬ңڵ˶ԣܹһͬѾǵˡ
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ҲᷴԵģôƯĽ㣬Ҳֻܹˡ½СٻǺЦ
ˣȫˣ½Сٻɩӣ½СٻȴŮ㣬ϵǵۡа
һλ鷳ȳȥһ£磬ɩҪ̸飬裬Ҳɣ
˻⣬֪Ϊ˻Ĺ룬Ҳ˼Ƶ顣
ֻʣʱվȻЩΣѩϹپ赹ǵһڣȻи˷緶ϷЩ߻Խ
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ôֱӣаڵл̧ˣϹСȻƯֻѾСٻʱŮˡ˵ˣһһƶȣôܹͷΥأҿ¾ץأ
ⷬ˵ͬʱЩȻı飬Ϲپ裬оȻЩʣû뵽Լʹ˼ƣԷûԼ


737 
Ψг̾һ飬ǿ󲻵ãԼҲûʸȥǿԷֻȰҪ飬ɵ⡣ڻĹڲӵܵ檵ģƶҲʵ˶ʮ꣬Ŀӵܵһԣ߶ǹ
ȻջĹڵ߻ǹΪߵǿҲԤʾһҵǿ
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½СٻһҲ⣬Ůǰ̬̬Ӧģαװ
ˣֻѾݵϹپʯȹ£ĵҲ
½СٻԽͬʱҲҲѣҪԼƤֻҲ޿һԻ͵һһоƻá
ϧˣôǣȻû뷨ǿϧ½Сٻ̾
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ì̬ܵоᣬϹپ˪һֱɽ˰ĸо
԰ԭļƻˣ÷սǧʱ䣬ģһ֧ģֻ֧Ĺĸ˵ġ
϶ı̬仰д󶨣һɨղŵ֮飬ȻԷûŮƣҲӦôĹвǿ֮
д仰ҾͷˡΣĹѡ˫սڹʱͬʱԻո㵺ʵ˵

ѾԤϵĽȴЩҾͺĸӣո򵺲Ҫ˹ģıңغشʿڼᣬʮ֮ĲڴģôǴСģսΡ
M֣Ĺѡ񣿡Ȥʵ
ˮڣMһսĹҲ˿⡣ɵ˵
ô޾⣬Ը꣡ٴʵ
һϹپ裬̽ӿڵĹ躹޽꣬Ԥ뵽MɱսΪսޣĹռʱ˺ͣMҪԶ޸˺ܶ»أȻ绪Ĺֱɱ㡣
һΣжһǸҲչôĹ϶˹һMսʱ򣬻ĹԺǱͧǣMĸȻִĺռռ춫̫ƽǵһ㡣ĹһֱʵȫԲM
ڶ㣬Ĺǿƣʮ꣬ĹʮվѧУ˴ķԱܻĿԲսķɻʮܣȻֻɳܷɻҲ޶ȡκεصƿȨ
㣬һ㷴ǻĹ߱ƵһĹ½ȫһֻ֪ҪսĹ½̲μսں󱸵ʿһ߰ϣһһĹǧ½һ޽е½սԿ̤ƽս
ֻǾϵƻһҪԭ򣬻ĹľʵѾڰгMһ㣬Ĺƭ磬ҲһֱΪĹǴھõڶʵ
ھã£Ƽǿ£Ĺľӻǿ𾪣ңĹ̵ʱ̫ˣһεս˿ǰŽᣬһ¶⡣
˳ս⣬ĹҲǿģԣȥӮⳡս۶Է˭
ϹپöϺ飬˲Ѫڡ
磬Ĺⳡ½ָӾϹپ裬ɲֻƯĻƿһӵкɵĲŮҲָӳǧĻ½ȥսʷϵ漣
Ժ˵ΪϹپе
ЩˣϹپŮӣҲȫʹ˼ưɣҲҵһõĹޡа
ּįһ㣬ᡣ
ϹپҲįʣһŮվ˸ߵ۷壬ߴʤ˶ѡ
һʮľŮӣû̸һѵŮŵı
пЦֻʸƥϹپˣɾǻĹЩߣϹپ边ȻһҲϡ
磬ΪϣֻϹپ裬ѵһҲģвʵʵ
ϾһҸ磬ȥôá磬ٰɣϰߣôŤЦ
УԺͽ٣ҲЦ
Ů绪ƷŮһŮ˵ôҲѯҵ˼ѵ𣿡һڲ裬¶˵Ц⡣


738 
ǸѯɵѯǷԸٽ֪ʲô˼Щѯʵ
һһĳţϹپɫˣ΢ͷһɬĸоʵֻӣϹپ˼ˡ
һŮ¶˵һʱһҲֻӲпܣ뵱Ϲپδꡣ
Ϲپ豾ϢʱɬȴˣֹˣΪŮ˵½СٻҲĶĸо
ϧ½СٻˣĻһվϹپ裬ϲ㣡
Ϊɲ˾ӣҲҵ»ݣʱа̾ǼƷŮӣû˿ΪŮ亱У
ǴǰԲŹ˼ƷŮֻѾ˼Ůˣʱڵ޷أŪһŮȥʵ
Ϲپ޳ָĽһкìܣȻʱȷʵĶˣʮһ˵Ķ
ǣɵ˵ŮҪ֣ԼҪʵʵ˵ˣΥŮֵˣ
ŶϹСĳĬǲԸˣǾͲҪǿˡҲ಻ʤϹСһѰԵˡЩѣȴҲЩź
Ȼ½Сٻͬʱһϧ̾Ϣ
㣬ʧʧǼˣҵǵ׷нģӦ¸ҵ׷ԼҸ½СٻսϹپĶߵ˵
ѾͷȻŮˣ⡭аЦ
һֳҵһ棬𾪲ѣϹپо˺ܾúһ̧ͷ¸ҵ۾ᶨ˵٣Ҷһ飬ԸҸᣬŮѡ
ϹپˣοЦˣ½СٻȻ˷ܵķһУȻҲЦˡ
ӷɲȥҵģòûжԲ˭ɣ˶ŮҸòأҲգԷҪ벻Ѱ˶̼ҵ˼û̷Լ
٣Ϲپһȷ飬Բԥһеһζһ˶飬ҸңһŹ㣬ǲǿߡһҵģһ˯ʱɱ㣬ԣҪˡϹپҧ˵оҪԼ޳ȥƵġ
٣ô𸴣ȻӰĹ򵺵սأЦ
Ϲپ衣ǲ̫һ㰡һûӦɱңҺأЦ
㲻ḺңҾͲɱ㰡ϹپҲЦһЦ
ǣҺûӦɣʵ˼ֻǣҾܾôͻȻ˶Щ⣬ڲŶԭ˵Ĺˣûб̬
Ϲپְ֮ɫ૵㲻ԸҪңϹپ跢ģӴԺޣԶһˣһ׸ֱյ㡣
ôذɣⲻҸв𣿡ŵĽе
Ϊ뷨˭Ҳ²͸òƵҲû˵Ը⣬Ҳû˵ԡ
һᣬͻȻЦ⣬ʵҽ㣬һ죬ҽȥһİĵطԶҲ᷵ػĹôԸһ𣿡
ϹپһᣬڵͷԸ⡣ֻһҶʱ䣬ҪҵĹס
Ǹ⣬Ұ㣬ͿԸ㶨ˡҪǸңأԺҲԶزˣѵ𣿡ʵŮТ˳ԼƺҲûнıҪ
ϹپԵЩˣͷүү̣ĸϿңֻҪǣҾͻңǿգǸܵҵ˼
Բ𣡡˵Ϲپļ˶ѾˣΨһҲλɵ
ɵģߵҾԲǸɵԺĶ顣Ϲپ᲻õ
ɵӣĸɵɵԼչԼʵֻҸˣɵŻˡ˵ɵѾˣ˼꣬ҲΪˣΨһŲµǣҾˡ˵仰ʱ۽Ѿˮ
ģһǼƷŮҪԼˡ
ڵͷͬϹپ轻ʱνԴϲҲϻο
ָӲ˽ʼʽָսźĸԭأǳźĸƽֵ½ͧβźĸڼʮҴͻıǰС
ʮĵ½ӣϺĸսȺͧһ½յ廯ս졣
MɳĺĸңԶĵط˻ĹĺǱͧ˫չ˶š
ԶԣĹθȿһMĺĸԽĺ򣬻Ĺἰʱչ


739 
˹ΨһĶҺĸҲѾٶȸϸĹ캣
MҺĸεͣڿĹ캣ĵطʽԤڿв׽ŻĹǱͧźţֻĹ˺Ǳͧ⣬һڲԶᣬڿĹ½ԻĹغĻ׷ȫս
ãպźĸսȺʼϸMĸ֮أ϶˹ĺĸMԽˣڴʱս۱ˡ
ϹپһҾУΪϹپǻĹ½˾ε½ս½ȫһָӡ
ںĸӿʱʮսѾӭϣлмʮMǱͧ
ǳźĸѾս׼УԤİ£ĸϵĽǧսȫɣԭڿĶǧսϡ
ĹεķɻȺʮҴ͵ĿмͻԿԱִģĿбӣһֱս£ټսѾʼӵľ塣
սҲΪüͺţеҪװնԿյеǿնԵصǺըսȵȡ
ϹپڼµЭָͬµĲӣ̩ȻĴ֮Ҳа
ŻĹսȺȿս״ˣ򵺵սҲӭС
򵺺ڻҲڵһʱ֧Ԯ򵺵ڻ𹥻ǳźĸҲڵڡ
˺ĸǧڵĽѹƣĹʮԡ
ǿĹռƣȻ֣Ϊһʵǿˣ̫Ĺľӣһ¡
һǿľӣҪͨ׷ɵսģҪͨѪ̾ĵģϹսȻоˬ
˶ԣսǲпģǶ½Сٻԣ˾ͬһƬ뷢ɻȺԹĳ𺳶˵
սһʼǳң˫ĹƴһʼռλɶԺս̴кô
һΣȱMĸ֧֣ȻܴĹĹǿĺ
սǲûģֻǿ򵺺ֶܹöѣǱǱԷǿ۷
һʱĺ½մսۣ֤ĹĳǿʧԶԶС򺣾ͬʱ򵺺ȫ泷ˡ
ʮǱͧѾ׺ˣĺϽʧʣµļҲֻùظۿڡ˫ĿսҵģεļǧܷɻֻǻĹһС֣򵺶ԣȫĿվ
ʧȥ˺Ͻӵֺ֧󣬻ĹĽͧṩǿĻ֧֣ضԿյͣĺ´Ƭս
ս٣ȡúȨƿȨ󣬻Ĺľʱ״̬ڽӷ˾ָ£սʱͣˡ
ĺսĸ֮˻ĹĹ裬һݸͬ鿪ʼͣں߻죬Щʿսɣ
սʱ˺ͣʱĹռƣʮ꣬ʱǼڷսģڵӵкĸĻĹȻռƣ˺ͣǾ͸˵ˣһͳ顣ߣ˫ս̬ҲȫһĹսƸ۵ľ
٣ڰռƻʼȰڴ˵ʿͶԼǵսʧǲͶҲ𵽶ҡǾĵáСʱ󣬽дģľ´жʱڴݻٵ˵ȫϵͳȵس̱״̬ʱ͸½ʱˡ
ϹپЦŽ͵Ҳǰһ֪Լǻƿ
ͷԼǰڻĹݣ껹ֱûкԼҲǸСûʸϹپǰ
ţָҵȴ˿⣬һھ߶ȼе£Ϊ򵺣½Ҫġ
һǳ쵼Ǳ׹ֻҪܹס˵Ĳ£ӵǿĹܣܹЧʣﵽһое̬ơ
ʱϹپ·׷æµȴӰϹپ̸Цһ㣬Ŀ뿴
̸Ц䣬ֻҷϹپĽõ˿־壬ΪΪ˧ţǷǳҪġ
֣½ָӲУϹپȫ˵ĹǣֻҪ˵ıһΡ
ȻϹپĶָҲвܣǴʱȻæµȴҲ磬ʼձ侲ͷԡ
ʲôĽ죬ʲôı
Ϲپĵģܿ죬ͽΪĹ½˾ڻĹʷ
ʱѡشԮûͶĹٴοʼһνսĿȫ߶ԷĿȡƿȨͬʱĹĵγɵĻѾϿǣҵĺĻһεĿȻǳ״ݻ򵺵ĵ沿Ϊ½½׼


740 
ͻȻȥһڻ׷ɵĸоΪָңζŲ
Ϲپ󾪣Ȱ˵ҪȥðֲҪķգɿŵЦʱѡ˷Ȱ˵ֻ˵֣Сĵ㣡
½СٻҲûϣϹپ裬˵ĸҲ̫ģ½Сٻɫ
һС˲ƣڿУŵ˿Ũҵζ
Ĵһͳڼʶˣ
ڿпЦĹߵľҲ֪ǻĹߣ򵺵ľӿڿʱһըˡ
Σգʦ鷳֪ͨɣ̫ΣˣϹپеġ
ǣϹ˾һȥ
㣬ͱˣͨı죬ģ½СٻѾ뵽أ
ϹپУֻǿߣҲѪ֮򵺵ڶർزҲˡ
һöˣһ򵺾˱Ц⡣
Ҳڻ̬ȣϷҲҪģ
ȴǲŲæǵʱһ˫̤˵ϣڿжסˣҲը
һΣڶǰٴеˡ
ǰɣҲܹţ𣿡ָӷ䵼ľɵˡ
ϹپڷһοƵǽңȷʵʵ
ϹپǸ߻ֻҪİȫû⣬ȥˡ
Ǹٴܴ̼򵺵ʿҲԽ䣬ԣһ֣ʮöͬʱ䡣
ɲأڵܶɣһȺܼӣڿаȻЦ
ڵһ˲䣬ֻ֣һᣬʮöĽ£ȻҲûбըһųһ͡
תɣٺһЦʮһöڽתͲתĵ֮ϡ
࣡Ǹĺ仰Ȼ㲻
䲻ˣܹʲô취Ը򵺾ӵʿѾ𽥵ĵȵס
û׼κһһȷʵԻĹܴô˵Ҳ˷򵺵ʮһöشס
սڽУĹľӽȡ˸ƣըѾóˣʼըغĻʩ
ӻڳҵں䣬һֽһ֣ƺͣϢһ㣬ͬһڿУ򵺵ľҲ
ͬڽսǰǸΪҵִսϿŨҵζХڿзУڶҲⳡսš
ԭѪڵĽ侲νǷ˵Ϸѣյһ㣬ȼ˲Ĺ⻪ɢΡ
ΣΪⳡĲпսУȴ񷣬˼ɵ
ʲô˵ΣΪʲôҪ޵ʲôгʣڿиŵľ硣
ʵ߳õһ񾳽ַֻȴҪźвſھ񾳽γɶ
һʱȥˣϹپѾ´˵½սʿڵ½װ³߷ܹ
Ȼһƣƺ͵һ֣һƬɫ㽫Уڶ˲ֲµĽƣĿȻǲ˺·ʿ
еڣ޵಻ڡұǵңǷҲңȻΪΪɼѰ
˵ͻȻڵȻͻǣʶȻ޳ӯ
ˣ
пϲ֪ԼξȻʶδȫģ¶򣬵ٴλӶ˫֣˵͸ĽưƬ͸ĽɫƲ㡣
߶ԣһһҲѶһΣԣȻһβˣڶȡõĳɾͼֱҲĽ
ģ˶״̬У֪УѾȫҵС
֮Уֶͷգɫϼ⣬˸˵Ʈݸо
սУ˭Ҳ֪ôˣȻڿƯϼ⣬һ
ϹپЩɴʱһؼսۣȫĵͶ뵽½սָС
£ڳ˿İ꣬߶ԣһ˲顣
һ֮ڣ򵺱£ȲѵͶĹûнǵͶ
ȻѾ£ǲͶкιϵһǸƵˡ
죬עĿУĹ˴һͳһҲĹԶΪһͳΪ˹ҵķա
ڻĹǿ£Mĺĸڰ˼ںεĳˣΪ˹ĺĸҲڴ˴˶һڱսµòʧMĳˣ˳˳˻ĹƬ캣


741 
ڶ죬һƬǴ֮ʱĹҺĸֱʻ㵺һεľжԶǰκһΣԻɳϻǰء
Իӽӽ㵺캣ʱХкԻӡ
ûһ仰㿪̫ϻĹˣһΣĹˣͬצľһ㣬˭淴Բԡ
Ի˾Ӵ룬סĵĳ嶯ѡˣΪԷĺʵ̫ǿˣֻԻƺֹĹĺռ㵺
µ㵺㵺ϲǺʱٴηˣԻһƬ˾̴ְ
սûĹĺϽµ㵺󣬲ûͣǳԻǰ
綼ҪΪ֮ˣԻǻֲ̿ѣɲǵĶսһΣĹѾ׵ˣⳡսпܷˡ
ԻǴĹΪͼֹĹսǣĹᣬĹ⽻Ȼ˵һ仰ʮӶʮսĳ裬һһҪģǴûʲôãֹǳΪĹֳء
սԻֻѰ˾ľ֧֣MȲѵսųΪսĻߣΪڱսս޷
ʱͬˣľƽٶȣֻҪMϽսܣпܻᱻľ½
޵Ĺҷ׷ѡӪ뻪ĹìܵĹҷ׷׼MһȻŲǵĹѡֻ֧Ĺ
սĻֻ˭Ҳû뵽һսʮ֮á
꣬ԻݣΪĹֳأԻ߹Mսķꡣ
ϹپѾʮһ꣬УλĹŮ˾ΪĹʤĹ½Ҳ˼̤ƽ޸뻪սĹҡ
޵սսսĻĹ·Ϊǿ󣬾ͬûпڻϯһ£սŷޣ졣
սսսЩУϹپһֱڹսȻϼ
ٴΣϹپ½СٻƬϼˮϼеȴʼղΪ
һģţ㲻һԶŵˣҺٻĬĬ㣬ڡϹپޱȼᶨ˵
½СٻѾ޳ˣû뵽һ˾Ȼ˿УԼôûзӦ
һȵ죬һµȵ£һȵ꣬ʱѰȴûаϼгļ
·ţһȫսڵβĹսʤڳΪһǿ֮ǿȵMй֮޲֮
ղһԻѾΪֳأMҲܴˣǻĹ½ˣҲMѾȫݡ
սԼǩĹΪߣս½СٻҲӾۣʱʮꡣ
һҴִԶͣϺ֮УϹپ½Сٻסִϣÿſеȴ
ڻĹ¸𱣻˵İȫΪϹپΪյ½˾ĳҺ֮࣬ΪİȫҲᱣ
еԵɣΪΪеʮ䣬ѾĹΪս񡯣ΪʱΪȫ߸˿ѧ
κܹͣڿУϼ⻷ƣһʮ꣬ûһ߸˵ı£οͨο
Ҳ˳ӦҪ󣬷Ϊս񡯣һ֮˲֪ϹپĹҲ˴Ϊ̸
ڴִΧͣҴСһĴ֧ЩִĻοͣء
вÿһʮ嶼ǰвŮǰӣ֪Ļֻ»
һʮȥˣϹپѾһ˿뵡תѾʮˣ½СٻҲѾ˳ٸ
˱Ķ㲻ЩϹپչˣֻ½Сٻ֧ŲסŮЩǰ׷ʤ˾ܾˣҲӲҡľġ
˵Ϲپ½СٻôҲ˹ϵϹپֶûǣֻƾһŵڣʵĸ֡
ŮЯһһ꣬ӭ˷˵ϲ֮ꡣ
ǶʮȥϹپѾӽϡ֮꣬ʱȥҲֻʮ꣬ȴή˼УڼԵЩѻڲڴϣһҲû
½СٻҪԺúܶ࣬ҲһֱѻȴӲϹپǰֳ
ˣɶ죬Ĺ˵¼㷺˾жӯ
һ죬Ϲپվƺת˺ܶ࣬Ȼ·ǲΡΡģȴҪ
峿Ϲپߵִһ㣬ȻʱƬϼ֮ĳˡ


742 
½СٻϵʱϹپѾվһʱ
㣬ɫ½Сٻ˷ܵ˵
عⷵնѣԼ壬Լǻ٢Ҳֹ޵ĵҲϣвİһô꣬ȴʼղǽһۣĲʣ
Ϲپ˵ʱȻȣŴҷ緶ȡ
㣬᲻㣡ӦҵģҪúûȥһģ½Сٻ޵
㻹ſԵȵһ죿ҲһšǣǶҪˣãҺãϣܹȵһ졣ҾҪˣֻϧⱲӶûǣ֣ҲûԼĵһθźϹپŹȣ̾Ϣ
ɣˣҲҪڴ˴磬һѡǾԸΪڣ½Сٻᶨ˵
Ҳڣãлټô㣬ӵһ۾Ͷһ飬ֻϧ컯Ūˣǲܹһ𡣡ϹپȻġ
ϼʱϹپѾȻϣƺ˯ʣƺҪ˯ˣ½Сٻд󾪣֪ϹپѾľͷ
磬ҪˡԲ㣬Һ㣡
½Сٻһζ죬Ϲپŵ˵ã磬Ӧ
ʱ̣Ϲپ軹Ϊ룬½Сٻ״񣬶տҪˣҪٲ֣Ҳǰ˵
һذָദ½СٻȻĶΧ˺ǶԼѰ˭ҲҪң
Щڴ˴ʮıҲΪ֮ݣи뱣ڵȻ⣬ǶԿ˵ĸΪ֮
ֵ𣿡һ곤̾
½СٻˮͬߵӰ㣬Ϲپ۾ҽҲ͵ҡͷ̡
ǰ½Сٻĸоֻһ̣пʵˡ
Ǹ˻ڿУƺΪ֪ĲΪôܲ½Сٻأ
ʱͻȻ䣬Ϊ֮һڣϼ֮ʱԵ쳣졣
ȫĺڰֻһӲȻֹֻһЦӿдû뵽ҲԶξȻͻˡ
磡㣬ѣˡ½Сٻϲӵ
ҽǣձϹپ边Ȼ۾۾ա
УϼӿһߴӢԵΪͻ
ףĹո𣿡
ʵɵ˵󣬱Լɵˡ
£֪ղһ򻨷˶ʱ䣬ڵϡĵطҪڵġ
ʶ̽£а̾գû뵽Ȼȥ꣬ϣԼһֻ»޷ԭµĴ
ಣ
һִļװϣЩȵĿ½СٻЦСٻû£ҵˣԲ𣡡
ϲ£½СٻЦˣһͷ˽ĻСƴ磬󻵵ڲŻ˼Ҷˡȥ㣬һӣ
е𾪲ڸױǷ´½ԭΪô꣬ϹپѾ˸ˣû뵽ȻغԼڣԼһ㣬Եˡ
ϹپЦˣǰڼһˣβˣܹκź
ץסϹپǿݵС֣ôȥˣϹپ
ϹС㣬ˣճյ˵
ǣʱϹپ边ȻĸоЦ٣Ҷ̫ˣͱСˣ̫ʺϣ
ᣬУԶԶᣬ㹻ˣ˵һѽϹپϱ뻳Уԭҽ̵Ϲپ边Ȼ˾˵
ȴô꣬ǣ֣뻳УָоϹپ
Χ߱ڼʱȫˣЩʱ䳬ʮû뵽Ȼͬǰᡣ
˻֮ʱϹپ΢Цı۾ٴֹͣˡ
㣡½Сٻʹû뵽Ϲپ軹ڽȥˡ
Ĺ½˾ˣһŮ˵Ĵˣ
ȻЩӵܵıҲϹپΪĹӵϵĳȻλĹ׼ܹοһŮˣһδ޵Ů
Ǻǣˣʲôÿ޵ģЦ
Զɵˣ˭Ҳ˵Ĳǣȴڰ½СٻҲˣ磬ҲԽ㲻֪ܾ˶˵ֻΪغ㣡
һն˵ٵŮˣԶ
˽ΪڴţƣΪȴҲ֮Ȼֻܹ˵˶˽ѡ


743 
½СٻȴϲԽˣҪԼľ֢Լܹڡ
΢΢һЦЦ˧˲ӡ
Ϲپ裬һӣڣҲҪһӣ
˵ӿֳɫâǹâĸϹپ裬ŽӿʱҲɴ۾סŻ漣Ϲپ
ѾݵϹپ裬ֻôʱ쳣Ϊһģĳ״Լ
˵ĿɿڴУϹپٴ˫ۣȻǰҪõĶࡣ
磬ⲻΰɣôûϹپ辪
ҲԶˣΪŮˣЦеĹâѾɢ˲٣ʼΪصĴϹپ衣
ԣϹپֻһˣ֮ǰͲѣָʮǰòһѡ
Ȼ߿פഺôͽϹپߣͿഺǴǰΪѱڣҪһ㣬ȴǺܼ򵥵顣
ţһָᣡ
˵ĬĬʼϹپڵľ
Ϲپĳޣ˲쾭һΪ
ϹپڵʣһᣬϹپϱðɫĺҺ
΢һ֣һƱ㽫Ϲپ˱㿴ˡ
ǣȴվڴҵǰֻһֻ֣ƺƾʧ˰㣬˾Ȼ
һ½Сٻ˵һ߸Ϲپ壬һڵľչһ˺ܶࡣ
ֱӴ൱ڵΪϹپ裬ȵʱϹپٴγʱ˼ȫҪˡ
ʱϹپͷԼСֱ֣ʮʱҪۣ˸һ۲գĶϹپ衣
ϿϹپȵһμʱҪᣬԼĪʮҵģԭʣӢˬھߵΪʱʤ
ȵˣ΢Ц
ϹپȻԼ۾Ҹ̫죬ͬһ㡣
磬ϹٽᣬҲҪҲҪ
½СٻҲڵЦ
ҸһΪ㹻ڵϳΪǿߡðɣҾ͸㴫һΪԺ͵ÿԼȥŬˡЦ
ҳ˾ǿߣ𣿡
ϹپЦȻһһ²űŵˡ
ԭҲıһ£û뵽Ȼֱ˰Уǲʮ׵ĸ߶ȡ
⻹ıһ£һģҪһԾף
ϹپڿвţΪһͳ˧ȻǻƿŮˣʱƾ建أһֺ󣬾Ȼɵ˼װϡ
˼ΣϹپ跢Լ֮ߣһƺԻء
漣ˣ˻ܹᣬ漣е漣ɵ㴫Ϲپ边ȻӵʵΧЩ߼Ҫˣͬһ㡣
磬㵽״˶ΪңڸоһȭԴһͷһ´ôΪ㻹Ϣһ°ɣϹپе
½СٻҲȰϾǿò½Сٻںƽ
û£ȽСٻٻϢɣ
һӣ½Сٻ֮УϹپǣνĴΪԵú⣬ƺһҲķ
磬ǿӦҲ˰ɣϹپʵ
ΧЩĽˣһа̾һͿϰ׸߿գòֻʦ߲ſɣ
ˣڸͲߣߣһ㽫ɣߡ
ⷬסΧߡ
ϹپʱѧȻߣҲӿһǿҵս⡣
΢ЦĿϹپսһмߣҲϹپû죬Ȼһȭͽ߻˺档
м߾Ȼһǿ󣡡һʦ૵
ϹپϲԼûоȫû뵽ôˣǺͬʱ߼սϹپ衣
ûκҲǱϹپµȭŻ亣档
ЩУǿλʦߣڻĹҲǺպģʱҲϹپֵʵ˶־
Ϲ˾Ը߼ߵʵս㣡һʮҵ˵
ɣһϰɣҸղŻûӳϹپ仰˵°Ͷµ棬ʵϣϹپһʵҲûá
΢ЦſԼŮʱԼΪҲ޿κΣڵΪ㱻ԼΪǸ֣
Ī˵ΪǾżҲɶԸǰʦߡҪϹپոձ壬ûзӳʵʮ֮һֱپųʵղŵͱһɱˡ


744 
νߣʵǿҲ൱ڵĵӣңûֳʵߡ
һս漰Ϲپ裬΢ЦĿţ˵Ľζ
ȻĲսǿϹپ裬˼ƷŮˣоٿᡣ
Ϲǰ룡λʦͬʱȭ
˵һ֣˵֣ȻҲԲСơ
λʦ룡
ϹپȲȴҲǫ飬ڳһٴеļƣʵͣΪڵǹƺڲǿС
λʦҵͬʱ֣ǵѧĽǶȿѾﵽ£ٶȣϵ޷졣
Ϲپһʦɵˣû뵽ٶȻô죬һֱ˺ϿգΪϹپ費УԼҲһ
Ϲپǻ۹ˣֱдӿ˻ٶ̫죬һ߸ֻϹپӰһΡ
ʦȴѾĵˣٶȱҪȵϹپ轻ֺŸоľ
Ϲپȭ˸оͬܣرɢǿȻеսѸ½
˿ʼǿϹپһηʦٶԭҲô²ŲæĻеֵ
ϹپСȥսʦҲȻһȻĻɣʦ˼ԦеЩӣ˾͵亣棬ɶɲ
Сȴͬɳһ㣬ʦɣϹپҲԼʵ̫̬ˡ
ʦǿѹʹϹپƾ˫ȭ֮ȻռϷ硣
ǰСˣҵҪˡ
һʦһȻ˫ȭһһܵɫֱӳϹپϮȥ
ֻĽϹپ辪֮£һȭȥȴԼЩжô̬
һȭ֮ȭ£˲ϨˣһҽУʦѪֱӷ˳ȥһΣɵľԶˣҲǧ֮⡣
׼ʩչʦɵˣȻȭ䡣
ǿȥ̹򣬱ɣѵ
ʱʦͨһʦѾ˴֮У̷ʦ
Ҳǹġ
Ϲپ૵ʵǸղź£ҲûʹϵǸ߾ͱǿƬ
ٽǱܣھȫʩչҲӲʮ֮һʵ΢Ц
ϹپԴľԭԼ˾ųʵԷӳʮʵʵڵһٱ
һʵͿɵĴܻĹʦҲ̫˼ˡ
ĻΧһҪϹپʵѾԽļޡ
磬òὫʵȫ˰ɣϹپ辪е
Ǻǣȫ㣬ܲ˵ġҲ֪˶ʵʵҶԣǧ֮һɣ仰ֱΧĺü߻ڵأʵϣֻ֮һ
̫ˣЩߴʱͬʱ룬ϹپҲĻŵñ졣
ô磬ҪǺޱʹһȭжأϹپʵ
Ҳ㱻סˣĵɸûĵʵޱһȭĵʽṹ»ԭӵγɵҪɣ
ǰĶΪʵ˺üĺһȭҲ򵺱㲻˰ɣ
ҲûһȭжҪһȭһҺĸǾûġ
Ц˵ʵϻ൱ǫ飬ߴ򶷣ǿˣǵĹȻ
ϹپҲεȥˣԼ˵սΪʲôǿǿֱ޷ݡ
Ϲپ亣ʦ̧˻ɫȻΪʦĶӶ˸ԴҲǳ΢
ôоԼȿѵأҪˣ
̾һӻӣǸʦָ̱ȭл
̶̵ļʱ˵ѾΪ񣬶ǰǸĹƵġ񡯡
½СٻҲָᣬһȭһȭͷϸʱЩߵѾױˣһö˵
ʱ˿̣ʲô˵أͺñһֻϼ˺ĸһ㣬ԭСȴҲǿǿ޷ݵĵز
Ů˷ܵĻУ˾ںǿ£ɾ°Ľ
һҲӵ֪֮һʦ̾ȻѾأôǵҲˣҵһǣ˳㽫عϢظϼ쵼
Щʵܼģܹ֮񣬵Ȼ֮ȴҲ´Բѡ˸


745 
Ϲپ΢Цˣֿ˵ллλЩҶˣǵĶ飬ҽģ
½СٻҲлһϾʮദЩ߱ڵĹϵҲͬһ㡣
ȻҪ뿪ǲϾڴ˰磬ΪǽУ˳ҲлǶЩչˣ
΢ЦлǺܸмЩ˵ģϹپ½СٻܲĴš
ˣҵȵҲҵңһʦȭ˵
һѣȴЦ˵һȺ߼ĻλΪǵĸлϣһᴫһЩӵеܣ
˻һ߶ˣȻȫˢˢĹ£ʦͷллĶͣҵȸмҵԸ¡
Ŷҵ£⵹Ǹ飬ðɣҵɽţڵڣǾڵϵĿɽɰɣ
ǺЦһ仰·߶˷ܵĻȥ
Ȼţ͵ŵĹءǵʵҵͽͽﶼǿǧ򱶣ǶҵŮжɣǾͽгһʦүͿˣ˾ΪŵһӡнҪѡһˣ֪˭Ըⵣأ赭д˵
Ը⣡˼ͬʱͬĵ
ſҪеǿѹǻͦġɣȶѪģΥ˹涨֮أԸľͰ˵Ѫİɣ
ɲͽͽģȻñ֤һ㣬ҳϣܸܲĹһȺɣ
˸ûһԸ⣬׷װҪѪģڷѪĺһâסˡ
Ѫģ˿ɲҲ£Ϊʵܣ˵ĻһС
ʦ໥ǫãƼ˵ţ˵ѡ£ѡ˸ˡ
֮У˰ѾԻ˵ʦүȻܵ˳ߵأŮҲΪָᣬӵǿȻҲ˷ܲѡ
һ˴ҹڶһ磬㲼½ƣ˽Ļ֪ʶȻ󽫾ܿھʦ
ʵֻĿھˣҪΪߣҪʱſԳɹ
ЩˣҲһ֣߳ھȥһڶߡ
һζУһСĴ˵ĿռѺۣϵԣʱϵҲԽԽʺС
һ޴ķ֣ǾǱ˿ռ似ܣԼ䣬ƺ˰˳ɵİտԷ硣
Ȼǰ͵ĵطȻȫʵƿռ䣬Ҳᴫ͵ǰܹ֮ܲ˳ԭй켣Լ紫͵λãȴö֪ˡ
ŶŮһĻУֻҪǶŮҪȥĵطܹ˲ɣöŮݵԸӡ
ʱ䲻ˣڵһҲʮ꣬еǣҲԽԽȻǼڴġ
ôʱȥˣĵʵ̫̫࣬һԪڵϢ
ΪһԪڵĵӣȴûȥһԪڣһԪʱԼҲûмʱ֣ԣԼԲһԪڡ
ûʦ֪֮ԼܳɳΪǿߣҪʮ꣬ꡣ
ҪȥһˣʵһǽͨͷأҲΣգҲòȥҪǲԸðգȨѡڵϡ
ЯֶŮվڶ֮ϣҲ½Сٻĵط
Ѿﵽ˴˺ڵΪڻԵɺ²Ŷ˹ڿռѺ۵ʱ׼磬ȥ·ȴԶʱĴô򵥡
ȵȣҲһ·Ҫʱ䲻̫̣ǶȻѾӵ˳ߵʵҪռдԽ»ǻΣաڣȥ׼һʳԱ;ʳá
˵һٴγʱѾ˸͵İΪŮһ·׼ʳ
ŮոմﵽڵΪȫڴԭԣ˻ҪһʱܹȫЩʵʱڣ˻ͬһҪʳ
ռ֮УܻʳûУ㵹Щǡ
ڶŮѾѧڵǿտеά
֮ϣƽ˾һʶѾϿյһοռȫǣȻٽʶѹ
ಣ
һڵķɽѾ㼲ɽſתһȦصϡ
һ֣޵еƱսһ㣬öŮΪ֮ԡ
νĿռ˲ҲһϵҪԭе磬ж;һͨ󣬿ǵϲڴ󣬵ڶͻͨռ;УҲҪ߶˲ƵƿһþͻʧããС


746 
꣬νҲǿ߽ռƵΰɣ죬һˡ
ɵ˵ʹŮסȻ󻺻Ķ׼ʶǵĵطӳһ
ɫķɽڿзҫ۵Ĺâһ֮ʵ̫ˣƺ룬ڷɽʶ֮ʱһĻΪ𺳵ĳˡ
ͷϿգһƬɫĹĻƾճ֣ƬɫĻڶһ㣬ߡ
߰ɣ
˵ɽ˫ŶŮǺɫռԾ˽ȥ
ɫռƺܵߣܲȶڿзű죬ɫռȫ˺ǺɫĿռ侹ȻĿʼСȻʧӰ١
ŶŮ޾ĺڰ֮УǺڰлŲٵ򣬶Ůڴ˵ֻ·һ
һգĿռ;ȻԶеļƻʶſռ䷽λǰӴͶķУҲֻǿı׽
ϾǰǴӴ˲ɵ飬Ҫࡣ
۷ʶжŷ˿һƬڰĿռ֮дУȴԽռ䡣
Ůץסĸ첲޾ĺڰУƺֻץŮŻİ
ЩǣԭԼǰĴ켣ѾЩģˣԼƿԭпռ䣬ƺҲֱ˲ƻȥ
ƾģĸԣŶŮںɫռд֮ƬɫĻҲڳʧ֮С
ڰıǹʱϲķ֣ԭѾ粻ԶˣΪǿԶţԲǵΧ̫
ʱһ£õʳɣ΢Ц˵ʹƽŮڵĿռ串ס
ǰУʲôΪеԼǰУֻҪԭеǸƺǺѶȵġ
㣬оΣû뵽ǲҪɴ֮С½СٻǺЦ
ǰҲú棡Ҿζ벻û뵽໹磬ıɻŶϹپҲ޵
΢΢һЦʼӱȡʳˣֻһͨߣʵǱ׷ɱģǵǸ򣬾ͻʲôǿɣȳԵ㶫Ǽ·
ŮǺЦţں;ļգΪһָоǶŮϣ
֪Լѹڣû͵Χĵһỹø·
ǰռҲǵһͨҪһԷ磬ƾڵΪȴ޷þвִܹ硣
һʱ󣬸ԭеļжǿڵķλطԲ̫ϵķΧ֮ڣǿ̫ǰϿļһģһ
ǰУһԵǸġŵŶŮ˳˲š
˲;Уٴʹһռķȴûҵλãӿռгֺʧ˷
һ㱻͵ĪĿռУҲʹÿռ֮ˡ
ǰҴǸط봫ʱԷƺƻҵĴ͵ƫŵܹӵͨռ䷵ƬѾʮ˵ˣʹ˲Ѱǿ򡣡е¡
һ˲ƣù˼ʲôؼǴŶŮˣǾͱ뱣һ㡣
嫵дţʱƣŮҲӦϵԲҪʹʳάˡ
һѰҵǸ޴ˮɫңǿҲЩѡ
һµļ˲ƣѾִ̫գʱͻȻһǿĽ򸲸š
Ƶ֮ǿЩҲΪʲôûгֵĺۼ
дôãڿϣȴֱǿĽ赲ˡ
ǳ޴󣬼ǵ򱶣
֪ĽǺҲֻ˲ӵǿʵ
ŶıԵ˲ƣķһҲֻ˲һСĽҲȫͬģѾңԶԵʣЩطĽҪһЩ
Ѱһϡĵط֮㿪ʼʹȫͻ⴦ơ
ȻƲͬôͻƣһֱûз͵һ㣬ƴȫȥǽƣĳһ죬Ŭڻһ˿ᡣ
ಣ
ٶȴŶŮǽ¶Ŀռ˲ƶȥڽƹرǰڲ֮С
ͷѸϵĽƣпǧŮ˷ܲѣΪʱŬڳɹˡ
ڲԼڸӦ˺Ĵڡ


747 
Ƚ档
ŶŮ温ȥ׵ʱŮֱɫ𾪡
ڻˡ
һʱһɭԶȺɽ֮𣺡ĳСӣʲôˡ
ƺңԶȻȴĴ˶С
ɭֲŵ½СٻϹپͬʱͷû뵽֮ףֳ˵ʵֻǺͨ
¸£ԭж绨СڣħСǱħˡ
˷ܵԶȺɽ֮͵һƬ֮ļ˹
СǣǿȥħǶŮץħٴ
ǣħ
ĽɽлصţëȻ൱䡣
磬СģϹپ迪ѵ½СٻѾŵץסĸ첲
ߣһȺСҲڱǰмߵ
ŮˣȻ˱Ϊջص磬鱾Ǻܲġ
Ǹųħ˾˴Ӧǧ֮⣬ħ׷˲ƶܿҪִڵĵطˡ
ȻһҲǣ֮ѡڴ˽䣬ҲΪû̽鵽˵иֵĴڡ
Ӧħߣֻǲ֪ﵽںεأĸݣаš
ã£أأϹپ谲οֻƽɫг
ٻ¡챾ǸϲӣҾͷһڣҴȥһصĵط
ڶŮͷһʧԭأʱֻħŭǸˣңһҪҳ
ⲻ֪ħþֻͳΪĽˡ
Ŷ˽˺䣬ȽŮһȫĵطϢԼ㵥ȥˡ
һΣͻȻŮӣһܳʱûô޷ԣȥ̽̽ڷ磬ȻٽܶŮʶ
ˣ
һŭţĺŵú׵ľһӴܣΨֳţŵ͡
֮Уɫ̽˵Ϊ
ʱ⣬ƬޱߺǰѾһȵڳΪƬĳǿߣһʵĽҲЩƽˡ
ʱԭһȵϵʱҪϼڵ϶ȹԼĪʮ꣬Ѱļʱ䣬һʮ꣬ƬҲ൱ڹȥ˽ʱ䡣
ʱ˵ֻһǣ˵ʱ൱ΪӳΪżߵҲûкķѶʱ䡣
ޱߺ뻶ʱ̣ŵ˶˷ܲѣȿ˸ĸүүȻȥˡ
ȵ˺ȻʧʣŮһľĵط
Ӱһƾճְ㣬ͬȰĳڼŮǰ
΢΢һЦ˵磬ˣ
ŮҲ׷ЦӭⷴЩɻԭԼôʱûˣŮӦúܼԼû뵽һܵ
ʹʶ̽ŷԭڣԭŮһֱڱչν£ʮ꣬˶ԣת˲š
û뵽㾹ȻﵽڵΪˣҵʵҲ޼ˡǺЦ
磬ҵʵôأѾﵽڵΪˣ˵ڴ˺ڵʵȣʵҲ֮¡ǫ˵ܹõлǱȽϿĵġ
ͷϲɫȴԼȥһ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ǹûʲô϶ʮЧʵ̫ʮĽڣԼֵܣŮ˵ʵҪԼˣôƽ⡣
ﲻǲʺ϶ɽôģδﵽʵЩʵ
磬ȣҲ֪ʹʲôֶΣͿԶɽˣȻû˲٣ռƺԶߵʵ١ǺЦ
þòˣ
Ȼ˹ȥһӵǣüŮҲļѡ
ϺþƲˣԼļŮ˾¹ơ
ôûм˵Ļ⣬ʱ˵š
һֱĵ˺ҹʱҲԼȥľһһʮĽ˳ŮĽζϹپΪٽȥʱһˮ
ûôұˡΣҽǶˣ֪ЩԲǣҪ־͹Ұɣ
δŮͬ˶ŮȻŮлǾùⲻȥ
ŮЦе࣬ʣĺ֮Уǵ֮Ļʺ
ܿȻһЦЦҲΪ֮ޣôûŮΪҲʤǰ


748 
磬˵ǲͬһͲõˡ˼ʮʱҲ˶Ůôأ˵ǶŮĹҲͦ˵ġҶȲҪˡ
ǺЦ͸¶޾ᡣ
磬ǶŮ˲ƯҿɲӦġʱڳһװͰ͵ı飬ŮЦ
Ҳ¶صЦ⣬аˬΪϾ磬Ҫ˶ԵҪָ췭ظ
㶨ˣʼθ½Сٻ˵Ϲپ裬ԼһԼɲܹҪôִһŮ֪ԼкüŮˣ֪᲻ġ
磬ҲҪŮˡһгڵ˳
ûͷҲ֪ĸСħͷˣ飬Ǹʲô˵Ůӡ
飬þòѽҳԣɲܹ˵Ц˵
ߣƫģҸ˵ˣ㶼Ӧˣ˵Сķˣ
ĻֱŮ׷״ЦΪȻЩԵȴ˵ĿĹ
ѽ̫Сˣ㳤˵ɣҶСŮûȤأٺЦ
ߣ˭С㿴ҶˣﻹСߵʵ
Сħͷ֮ԳΪСħͷȻеĵΪһ仰鷢ˡ
һɳ͵ĴɢʵɫҲЩȻ
Сģ鿪˵վ༸ŮǰסİԵƣƻǣ֮ǿֱҲЩˡ
СѾͷʵôô죬ⶼôˣһʵĽҪˡǰһֱ𾪱ˣڳ˱𾪵ĸо
һʮ꣬һ˲Ķݣֻǧﻹһֱ˵ʵʱ˿ȴҪΪԼʵˡ
֮⣬֮⣬ʵֱǿı̬⵱СѾͷʵھôȻǣǿҲĿ࿴ĵز
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ϲŭԱʱ˫ֲĹĵĶҲڿԼͦţĵ߾ȻҲһ
˵黹ǸɬС򣬶ʱÿС۹⿴ˣڿȥѾ߱һֳٻģ͸¶һĨķϡ
һϮɫĳȹϴһ˫Ѿ죬߱Ů˵ζʱǲ޴ǵı˾ɰȻɡ
Ǻǣô겻㳤ˡЦЦЩǿ
㻹СҰߣҪëˣҾͲˡĹĵ˵
˳ڵΪѾͷֵزģɲţ˰ֱ̬ǽҡ
а뵽ʱѾĳ˹
磬㣬ζ㣡
ղŻĹĵģЦݣϵıת磬ֱӳĻȥ
ǺǣŮ͵ЦҲûжܣƾ˽˻С
أ磬ҲҪŮˡ˫ֽıסȻ˵ĻŤ
ˣº
ܵǰ뻳ҲЩԳСҲˣָоЩԼ
ңһ㣬ڳŮǶŮȱȻŮǸûлᵽеġ
ԣˣ޵ģҲоܵġСӰĺ顣
ӦҪңȻҾһֱޣޣ޵ȴЩ⣬Լɳﻮܶˡ
εȴЦŵͷҲЩˡ
ðɣȱޣڿǿǡЭ
УӦҾͼޣͬʱСķţ
ðɣֻҪǶӦ㣬ҲʹӦ㡣ɵСģ˽㣡һҧӦ඼⣬Լֲʲô
ҵķˣĿЦΪСħͷֱһԵҲˡ
ЦţڻУҲЩԳֻôŮˣȴҲõ˭һңȻⶹȻԣĶ˲٣Ҫ־͹Լ
һֱʧŮ֮С
㶨ԭеĺ󹬣յĶ˻˼빤ҲЩԿڡ
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˻е㵣ģһȥֻȺܾòŻһΣ˿ǵˡ
磬ˡϹپȷ
㣬Ҿ˵ܿġ½СٻЦȻ˽ĻС
Ů˽ĻʱŵŮ˵ζҲûϵϢ


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½Сٻһ㶣ЩģΪŮһΪһִŮˣԡ
Ϲپһ½СٻԸģԵûʲôŮһǾЩԽˡ
ϹپһƿĻɫ԰׵ҧΪ˵Ը񣬴˿ᶼҪˡ
е⣬ҪִŮӽһNŮ飬Ĳý͡и̾
Ƕʶ֮ǰֵģԣĺܱǸֿ˵仰öŮЩ
ھȰ˵£½СٻȴӦΪԼǵ׷ģʱҲ˵мŮѣֻ½СٻΪǿЦİˡ
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½Сٻ뿪ˣҲûϹپ㾪ȣֻ죬ЩƵĿû뵽ȻôŮˡ
ϹپìܲѣȴĽǶȿ޷ܣִĳ㿼ǣҲס
һϢĳĬа̾ãִ˺͹Ŵ˾ǲͬ˫ܵĽ˼ȫͬĳ˵Ҫһ㣬٣˵İıȽǿΪѶˡ
Ǳ߶Ѿ㶨ˣȴЩѰ죬Ϲپ豣ųĬĬЩġ
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750 
͵ΣҪ˭㣬Ҿʹ˭ƨƨ仰ҾͷˡεºܣܹõƷŮˡ
չṥƣϧԼŮˣʱ˿ס˫Ҳֹֻ֣ͣǽıסϹپ衣
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ޱߺ֮һϣʱŵȫԱ˷죬Ϊŵˡ
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ȻΧǹȺ䣬˾ס֮أҲųϾס֮أǿߵӵеĻ
죬ʱѾۼ˳˵ĹģھʱķչЩǶѾΪүүˡ
Ȼ£ŵ˷ԽԽԵᣬ츳õ⣬ǲսˣȴǺСġ
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ԭŮƯϹپаڵ㼵֮⣬ǸоЩţԽĶԷԼˡ
½Сٻӳˣһʱס¾Ҫˤڵˡ
Ϲپλ㣡Ϲپ費֪ѧڣȭЦ
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ԣ޹زɷԲڴˣı뾴衣ҲԮ
ŮˣΨЦҡͷôܹأҶˣԼƺҲû֯ɡ
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ȻŮ֮ìȻǺѻģ½СٻϹپʵ̫˺ǲҲЩƲ˵ʵ


751 
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ֵǾһҲǸпǧ·ţҲɳڣɳͿγǳưԣŵʵѾǿľˡ
ķܶĿ껹ûʵ֣ʵоԼյĿֽһ
ȴĺȾƣţǺȵĲֺôʱദУϵѾǳУȻţȻǸȵСܵ
ȣǲѾȹһ٣УôɽٵģЩʵ
һֱ뼱ڷصԭȻǵޱߺϵƿ޷ͻƶɽڣǾǵ˴ҵʱ䡣
ڣѾˣ˵ûյЩӰ죬һʵķ٣ڵȾȥ˾ҲǿһöȻνǿȻԶԵġ
磬ѵ˭ҿġս񡯰ʵߺҵĺܶᷢӳУҶд˶궼ǲˣȻķһЩơȺٺЦ
ս񡯣ٺ٣òҲ˳Ϊս񡯣ȣʵڹѾ֮ˣҪո㵱Сܣһѵ鰡Ц
ҶˣʲôССܵģҵʵ㣬͵ýҸˣȻЦ˵лս뷨
ˣУ˵ʵΪˣֱѣ飬飬˼ͬʱɽٳɹڵľ綼ǴڣҲֻһ磬ȻһԲôױ㳬Խġ
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ţûʵ룬Ϊ̫ʵҲֻȣ飬ܹݳ޵뷨ɣ
磬ǱȻȻһţڵսǿܶࡣ͵ĹһƣȻʮ˵
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ڸصĴۺջҲǾ˵ģ˵ʵӵѸޱȣﵽڵʵһҲϲޱȣ׷ս˼
ʵȴصôȻһ㣬սҲԾĵҲֻԼоǿΪĹϵôʱ䣬γС
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սһ󣬵֮ĺϿգĸӰڿС
Ŀ£ڿиֶƽǰ֡
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½СٻϹپҲЩ˺ǿƺÿ˶ӵлصǶЩԼԵŮ˳Ķ֣Ȼϣܹʤǡ
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ʱһһĹȥ˸ԵڴﵽȻ޷κ˿ʱսŸոտʼ

ȱһеĴ󵶴֮Ƴȥȭͷֲȭȭƣ޷ϣǿĹֱȥ
ȴûгֻ֣ǽ䱸ţȴһеĽǵһ̽ʵ
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һ𹥻鷢ˣʱ򲻽кϹ¸ûаʤ㡣
ĻͬʱˣһΣȫѡ˺ڻȭͨʽ⵹̲סЦ
ɢȭڿںΪһ壬ȻųԵ˵һսĬϵ޷졣
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753 
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꣬޵Уŵ̲סͬʱߺ
˵ĻУɢţ˵Ĺ£ûмǿҵս⡣
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ڿֲĽ£ȻʹǺڻȭȴǡôĻ˵Ĺ
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763 
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ڣлЯŽϵ޼᲻ݣı׶޾Ͻ棬֮Ľɫ꽫ȫڡС
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Ҳ˵ħڵʵͬħڵʵɽ磬磬ɽ磬ĵȼϵҲˡȻħ˺ڵʵȴʮħߵ츳ãҲȴ˺ڵǿʮϡ
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764 
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ѾƣĻָԭģͬˣҲʼ΢΢ҡ
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ɫѪۣʱŷɽؿھҵţеټһӣֻ¹ڴˡ

˵ͬʱԾȥǡҲźƣ㱻ųˡ⡣
ĿһУǲǰɱˣʵΪأĹʱڳûָʵ
ڹġħУӯħ֮ԣս󲹳ڵ
΢΢һЦ֪ʱԼʰоˣһڿбԾʮɣļǹľѾܽˡ
а̾գҲ˷кأʱѾԼĶֻ֣ǰһ֣ʵҲ̫
ղŲǺקôѪ۵ģǶۣû뵽ħ˾ȻǴǱ
΢Ц˵ϬùĸоԼȷʵ̫ԴˣӦǲ󷨾ɱģͲǱˡ
֮ΣѣΪħͻẦ𣿱ħٻд˺ڵսΪħһˣߣħķ棬һʰĹȵǴ´ࡣսЦ
ಣ
𻰣Ϣ˲ˣ˲֮ǹȴǴ󾪣ȻֻܹԼ̽鵽˲ƹ켣
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һ̵ĺˣһ֮ȴǲ֮й֮޲֮
Ѿã˲֮ʹˡѪڽʹƽϱǽޣϽ渽ն콣ϵһɢĴлҪǿϲ١
˳£ʱķ½ֻ뵽ʵȻǿڵħڵΪ
ʵʵͲڵħڵʵΪڸּĸ£ʵ˶ʮֹһĴ˺ħڵʵҲԼĪʮҡ
ʵЩԽħڵļΪĻɲʵӱô򵥣ʱֻʹϽǱʵ
ӽֵֻϧʱѾ޷ͬٶȣħʶ̽鵽ټȴѾ̫ˡ
һĵĲҽд徹ȻڿնΪϣһħ徹Ȼɱ֮С
ڹ廯ΪκһƬϻɫĻͻȻĶ帲סʱʹǿľУǾϻɫ档
ϻɫİ£ζû뵽Լħֲֿ飬Ԫûüܵ׼ͱĻΧС
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ԹʵȻˣҪǿͻֲİΧԼԪоųɿֲС
ʱ¶һĨаЦ⣬ңϻɫ棬ԽԽŨŹòѹԼԪ֮壬ڹ壬ϻɫȼ»Ϊޡ
㵽˭
ʱᵽʲôп־壬һ޷ĸоϢȴԽԽƺñӶõ


765 
ҾһͨߣûֵģϾħ֮ˣ̫ˣǶ֣Ǿ͹ֲˡ
˵ĻùΪԼղŵĳ嶯֡
ɽ֮Уڹ˲䣬ɫҲǿ䣬ڱ屻ٺ󣬷ȻҲܵӰ졣
Ƿ٣ԱӰ췴СǱһ𣬷ʵҲۿۡ
ʵƽڱϣԪҲǸռһ룬ֻڱԪܵԷʱʵȻ̾ͽ
ˣڵķֻȴ˺ڵʵǿһ㣬Ҹô죡
ķûг嶯Ľ롮ħ򡯣ΪǲԸ⣬ǲҡ
ıԪסˣȻᵣķʱսѾˡ
磬һ̫̬ˣȻɱ˵ħʵħ֮ˣ֪ôаգǾͲôˣƴ۵Ŀˡ
ȱԹȴǴŨŨЦ⡣
磬һҿǸţƵ磡ţҲЦ
Ůǳݵ˴ﵽ˴ڵʵȻĪĳݣΪʵǿҪһżᶨ޵֮ģУǻܱԼҪǿϲ٣ܹڹؼʱ̷ӳΣѵá
ҲǫˣǰʹþشĴ󲿷ʵôһɱħأ
ǫ˵ȴԼʵһʶǾڶԷ£ǵħĸҲᱻԼв
˵ϲãҪץˣԪӲȥֻʣ·һԪֻԼϱҪӵħڵľ䵽ΪطħĻᶼûˣùĺµġ
ſңһᱨġһи棬ʵķҪǿ󣬶½˶ʵǿǸҶԪôǾӲħǵ׷ɱѡвԷΪһǾԺϽ֮׷ɱġ
ٺһЦȻķû㣬ǰ㲻·Ҳɱ˵ĺһ½ļһߣֻҪûгħڵʵֺξ֮У
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ңʶǷĹ󣬾ҲŵħڵֵܷͬñˣΪԪв̫ˡ
ԽԽƣԽԽûϣķԼвȻһôûУ̻˲ԣ˵ҳʵǿ󣬲ҿʵǿ󡣲֪ûȤħأħ磬ʵһǿٶħϵʵ
ػе˽һħ磬Ϊħʵ²࣬˽ħҲ˽硣
˵ڶ仰ȴùһϲ
ҵ̫ԶɽٺڵΪΪٵϴǿﵽ˵ħʵҲΪ̫磬ħʮ꣬Ȼûʲôͻơȴȫͬڶζɽ٣ôϴһٶħʵħڣڣߺڣҲÿ츳Եˡ˵׼ħ磬ԼıԪŻĻᡣ
ͷƺ˼ʲôȵЦ
ͷдϲԪĿǿˣ˵ٶ˿ƵģҺôҲħ磬ⷽ滹вĹϵġħʹֱ߽ӽħ磬ɽ硣
Ц˵һƾʲôŷɽ粻ȥҪ۵ȥħأ˵Ŀɹħˣȥħ磬Ҫ޷ħ֮ǶһôûУҺαȥأ
ġڷ˽磬ߣߣħߣ˹һ⣬ıͬġһǽһȫµ磬޵ߣڷԸı䣬ֻҪתͿɣħΪضҪԣɽħСģֻҪħ磬һõӣͻúõǱɽزҪõĶ࣡
һ˵ԥǳȴɽħ磬ֻҪ޵߾߱һ츳Ϳڶ֮תȻܺһǾ߱ģҿղŵĹиܵԣڷѡħ磬ҵһħ磬λǷǳߵģΪǱõص
ڹƴ˵֮ʱȴڷĻΪ֪һħδã˵Լɽ޹ʣ˵ˡ
һԪΪǿɣûǿˣԼԵõɵİɣ


766 
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Цʵڹɵ׻
˵һܹùģΪʱȽϲħûлõõģǻ¸һƹ½һµħԾˡħһŸˣپݵħ磬Ȼɽһεħս̾Ϣ
ħսһǱȽϸȤġ
ǡħսںܶλ϶ڽУɽħڷ˽
ݹÿ½ƣʵҲҪȫһ£Σ֮ڣħɽһʮˣħҲоˣεʵħڣħڣħڣȻھ֮ڵħ߽һιģ޴սⳡսҲ֮Ϊħ֮ս
Ҹյݲһʱ䣬׼ݵħߣȴû뵽ˡ
ЦŽ͵Ļȴ˼С
и⣬ȻǵĵħʵҲô޷ͳһħ磬ƾʲôۺħĸأĸһɱЩħ֮ˣֻأʵ
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ϴͳˣȻǿ󣬵ʵȴԶԶɽħǿԣħսǱģʱΪȥж˫ʤ
͵жϣܹŹԼԪԼܹǿħߵʵ
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ף߲ʷ˺ʹ߽ģǸӦˣ˵߲ʷ˷ɽ磡
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ʱ˲£ʵҲɣЩԳЦЦԼ껹̫ˣԼĲ̫ˡ
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Ļȷʵ˺𾪣ţλյġս⣬⼸Ҳ˼Źĺ塣
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£òͷ޿κεĿʼԼ֪һЩ齲
һʱ󣬹̲סʵ㵽ԸԸħ磿
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һһ仰ȴЩˣΪԷȻԸɽ磬Ҳ֪᲻ŹԼԪ
ŹԪҲڿǵδԼԪˣķ񲻻ܣʱԼпܵħ·ľ׷ɱпܵħֵ׷ɱ
Ƚ⿪ƣ
ķԥ˲䣬ֻҪˣʱΧĳ仯ˣؼ
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Ŀķŵ̺ɾ룬Ÿ
䣡
ŽԪУȴԼ޷쵽ϾԷʶԼߡ
ſҵıԪ񣬷Ҿϵͬ飬ҲкӹòвԼʵûа취ˣҪͬȣһʱҲ޷
Ҫǣħ署ʵΪ𣬹ҪڷˣǼͬ˵ûɱԼܸʵ̫ˣħҲ


767 
ͬ鲻Ƕ⼸ΪƾħʵͿ˲䴩ԽݣţҲǲŵġ
Ц˵ǸνķҲˡ
Ϊ˵ʵͬԮҲõ֮ԶˮȽ
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ܼ򵥣뵱ϴ󣬲֪ΣȻҪǲͬ⣬һ̻Ԫ񡣡
Ц˵΢ǿŵĹʧɫļУҪºԸ⵱Сܡ
ʶʱΪܣܺãһˣ͹һݵħߣ
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Сķ˹ȴ˼Լڴʱ͵Ϯ֪ǷشԪǷԳûߣ
ҿɾ㣬ʲô˼ԪУ֪ġƺ˹˼һ㣬仰ùĿ֮
ĺˣǾԲҶֵģϾҵıԪҲ֪ǲԸʧԪġֻǣϣܹշҵıԪ񣡡
Ц˵˵ԼеƲԼΪħ֮ˣȻһߡ
ܺãղ˵ɽһԪĿǰһҶ󣬲֪Ƿд£΢Цʵ
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һԪڣһӵĻԼûмΧһԪڣͬȴΧһԪڵĹʧβһԪڡ
ŶһԪôҵһԪڣ˭ҪΧһԪڣֵܼ˾ԲŹλᣡ
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ֻһķͬڽɫɫĽбնɱȵϵԪʱǿֲϻɫѾڿγһ
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768 
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磬ô㰡ţЦּü͵Ϯɹ
ӵţһۣЦôûˣƨô
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ԺҵһʵǾǾԲ塣ڣ˹ϵʱиǿĸţʱȻԷſɱ硣
ôʱѾܵĳЩѬգҲǸֻ֪սġսˣǶٺЦš
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ϥ˫ָһϻɫ棬ÿŻ涼ӿһɶߣԪͷֲѻ֮С
ԼԪΪʶԼ֮£οԼԪ
һҲţڶ֮󣬡ն콣ͻȻڿпʼһȼϻɫ棬ȻŹԪȥ

ŵԪԱȴ޷ֻܹڲҺнܶԷֲֿϴ
ٴգȴԼıԪȻһΪ˶룬붼ڻС
˰ɣȻҵʶ㣬ҾͽԪʬΪǧǧ飬顣Ȼһɣ˰ɣЦǡն콣ȴǲͣϢָԪ
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ʱʹʱģаʹİѾرʶŲʣһķָԪ֮塣
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ɽʵΪħˣ˭һħʵԼǰҵ³
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СĽһСԪԼ֮ڣȻʹԪǰΧ
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ֻһΣԼ뷨дʶǸħʶģΪ˫ľϵһϡ
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û뵽ϻɫ澹ȻԽԪתΪҺ壬ãԪֻʶһΡ


769 
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ȴЩʶħʶϾͺñ򲻹èһ㣬أ
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һͷˮ۰Ͱ͵ϣһ仰˼
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УֻǱųĬǶԾݾƲ˽⣬ʱҲֻ˵ķݡ
ͬһѧϰı󣬽ٶҲľˡ
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ԽԽ˷ܣɲüıʹüıĺôԽû˳ᢵĸоС
ǺǣǶĲȷӽҵ뷨ȻҵĿľԲô򵥡ΣҪҲȫˮңҪݵľƻҳһšлĻħսʼǰ͵͵ħߵɣȻпܣһὫһԪвļһǣһźۼ
˵Լ뷨ֻķݣϾ˵Ĳ²⣬ĿԵøΰһ㡣
ڿʼǾðħߣץħߺ󣬿ǵħαװħߡڷ֮ǰߣħߣߵǲģ磬ߵĽϣȿʹҲڱʹνʵûʲôĲ𡣲ħ߶ԣһ㶼ʹħʹЩʵܼ򵥣Դҵ츳ħתΪħʹҲѡ
֮ڵݱħߣҪʶݣһ־ҪĻɱˣۼ
˵ϵѾˣϢѾɢϢһ޶


770 
ȵҲ׷׸ıϢ۴װ磬ʣ޽ӽħߡ
˰֮Уȵħ·ʹߣħ֮ǰħ򣬸ɱۡ
Χħһսľͷһˣȴû˸ҽӽΪ˵ʵ̫ǿˡʱ£Щħ㶼ˡ
һṦѾħ߾ۼǰЩʵһߵҲŷڵΪ͵ֻŴﵽڵʵ
⼸ħʹʱһϱֳ˷ֿ־顣
ħʹ߶Щ˾ɽʹߵĹϵʵҲڶɽڼˣοЩɽڶûﵽħأ
кܶ޵ߣȷɽ磬ħ磬Ĵ˵һֱ޵߻ɷһ£ʱͻȻħʹߣЩȻȾη
ĸЩԼµħߣʵǿԼʹлҪʣ˵ȣȥ֪ͨħ磬˵ħʹˣöɽڻ߶ɽʵϵħǰħһɱ⣡
˵⻰һâָмħһ
ͣ
ҽжûǼֱָ£ңָϽ棬ǻΧ£ǼߵԪûߡ
ǼǷҵħߣ޶ȴһȻЩԩ
ɱӺ
һЧԣղŻвħвڼʶʵһиһ־η
ħ磬ʵǿ𱰣ɽ򵥣˭ʵǿ˭ϴ˾ͻĳ
ʱΪħʹߣʵǿɵɱڵħߣǵԪ޷ѣһʣµħͬʱŵ
ʱһ磬ȥʱҲһ磬ʣʮħߡ
˵ʵǿħʮ˵ʵ࣬϶ǷڵΪԣʮ˶ѡ£ʱֵɱˡ
ܺãʮȻʵǿģħǵţǾǱħ½ĵһħħ̣ӴԺǾ͸űħһͳħ磬˭ҷǾ汾ħѵ
Цʮ־ϲܹħʹ߷Ϊħ̣Ǽҫ顣
ǣһħУʮͬ
ڣȰŸطҵЪţǰ첻ãߣ
һŵʮ˻һپħʹߵϹȻǲַ
ħɽʱ˿̣ɼѾȫܶԱǧжĿȻΪ˻ӭħʹߡ
ҲǺպħɣųʮħ֮һ
һϮУŮ棬ȵϳһΡ
αһͨʹõҪĶ࣬λħ绶ӭǿǡ
ʮħ縺ηΪǿܹΪħʹ̧Īҡ
˵ͨ˰̧öˣЩħȴͨˣĪ˵Ҫ̧Σʵһ˱̧ٽĽӡ
ֲ½ƺ΢ЦˣЦôɣ
Ǻǣ磬أŪô󶯾Сз磡
ຬЦ˵
ʲôҴľħʹߵĿںţ˭ҪΥҵɱ⣡ɱħˣֻҪһͿԾǧ˵
Ц
ڼ̸Ц֮ʱͻȻֹͣ˵ǴעԣѾħʮ֮һļţղѾиʹʶ̽ҲµĽơ
˽ƽȵķУǰħ߿·ǧħ׷ħʹˡ
úȴһħ˵ħʹˣǰɽǼŵɽڣɽ֮ϲƣħʹʾ
ȴ֪ͨţȥнƣһ㹦Υɱ⣡
˳ȥħ̵õ̶żŵɽظĻ
ȻʮħظĻһ֮֮ͨǿħеĳ
ٻЩͨħ߶ԼǴηģħʹߵ£ЩʹĶ
ţȷʵȫ׼ӭħʹˣΪʮħ֮һҲϵģ˽ɽ֮غȴûɽӭӡ
ʮվһǰһž޴Ĵϣž޴ʮŮӣЩŮӴ˿̵ı龹Ȼͬҩһ㣬һĶˣʮҲĲᡣ
ħʹѾִħɽ̳ȥнƣΥɱ⣡һ߸˵
ŶħʹߵƢֳϣȥŻɽƣҵҪħʹߵʲôˣȻҼҰ˵
߹ȻСĵ߳ҡ


771 
ʮΧʮŮȻվһԣɫǳаЦʮŮӣ˫ѾʵһŮӵϣȻŮȴҷӵַ
ħʹأѵͲ±һ£Ȼ͸ħʹߵӣǼϿҪúñ֣̺ħʹǼŲһͳħϣ
˵Ȼӻ֣⼸ϱ˳ȥ
ҲѰ˼ţ⼫ŵʵƺܲħʹҲһܹķڷǵӦɽǰӭӡ
ڼų½ƺһ˵ķɽֱƿնȥħ߷׷׽䵽棬ʼɵǰš
ŵɽɽɽɽмɽⶼǼŵɽڡ
ʱŵɽ֮ȫħߣж֮֮࣬һ
⼫ֵǺϣг˳ɶŮԣЩŮħУŮ
μħʹˣҴǰӭħʹˣһεεȻͬʱƵͦġ
Ůӿʮ꣬ĸ˸һɭɭϢ
ɲСŮӣж϶Է䣬Ϊפħ߲ϡ
ߣ󵨵ļţΪβǰӭӣѵⲻǶԱʹߵĴ󲻾𣿡
ȵŵż֮ˣΪⷴħʹݡ
ڶݵʱڣѾ˲ٸ֣ΪԼħʹߵݣҲ㶯֡
ħʹߴգʹǰʹߴ׼ħʹǰܿԼˡŮӽ͵
ߣļӵǲСãҾҪʹ׼ʲôǲ⣬ݹֱħ顣
Ȼӽ˲ƶ£ȵΪǰ֮ʮħ̣Сĸ
˵ԭصȺ򣬱Ͼʮ֮һЩͨħⴳ룬һЦ
⻹ǵһεִħ磬Ǻųһʮ֮һļš
˽һǴɫĹ⹬ɭɭϢһֲԤƺߵĲǹһ·
ɫĴɫͻȻԼԾ˽Ļ̫٣һЩСɻôɣӦǵһνĺĵش
޴󣬲ʱɶӵЩ󲿷ֶΪŮˣֻмˣ⼫ŵħߺټߣһ㶼ˣеӢŮ
Сʱһ˲ŵִҲǼס֮ء
ģñʹôԶӻͦģ
Щŭһȭڴʯϣ̾ʯ̻Ϊηۡ
ʹߴϢŭ˵һһ͵ģ
ŮȻݵ˵
ȵҲһ£ʮħ˱վ
˵
һŮӵĺгһˣһȺŮӵĴӵ£һ࿡˻˳
ڰɣ
аֻһ۱㿴Ǹ˵ӣ˵Щ΢ı䣬ȴһʱһΥĹˡ
ûʲô̫ԵķӦɵ֮ʱɫͻȻһݣȻʱһ˲䡣
ԷôԵıֵȻ۵ףеʮֺһôܻγΪ⼫ŵġ
ǿпסԼȻҲһλŮ£վ˼
һʱǧľԶҲû뵽ԼٴμԼԨԴˣǸҲû뵽ټ࣬жڸпվȻһʱ֮Ĭˡ
ΪħʹߣȻҪֳħʹߵϣȻ˵Ĵ漸ˡ
Ϊ׵һ꣬źֻۣźۿҪһ㣬ʸΪԡ
ƾо̽鵽ʱʵӦڴңʹʶ̽ʵȻǴڵΪ
ΪǵħԪԴ˿̵ʶҲﵽ˵ħڡ
Ȼʵ֮£ЩҲ޷̽鵽Լʵ
ħʹٱţĳδԶӭħʹˡȭ
ߣʹһĽͣôʹ߾Բôưոݣ
ȫģǵħ⵹ûüʲô
ħʹϢŭħʹǰ̸ħʹ׼һԴħʹЦ
Ŷ֪ǺȻأħһᵹҪúüʶһ£ڣǶ£ħ鵥뼫̸˵һӣȵȻʮħ˳


772 
£Ҳȫ£ûб˲ôΥߣɱ⣡
Ҳһʱ䣬нʣˣһʣ˱Ǽ֮ˡ
ӻĺСɱȻŮϣЩм
Ůϣһò绨ͬɫӣһΪڣΪ죬Ϊ˵ʵòҲȫȣʵٶﵽ˴˺ڵΪ
˵ĵһһ˵ʵȼ޼ʵȴϺܶ࣬һҲ˷ϵԵʡ
˺ڵħߣ֮µǿǿֵħΪĹ⼫ŵһҡ
֪ħʹкλԸһᰴħʹ˵Ļհ졣ֵ
ԽԽźۣʱ򵹲ֱ׷ݡ
ħͻȻˣǲʶҵļ¡̽Եʵ
źۣǴڴȻĴ͵ħĵ̣ʱ꼫̽ǧһεļźֱӳڼΪʥʥ֮С
ʱź۾˼ţΪħּ⣬ǱźмӣΪͽ
źھʥ֮ˮݹ󣬲ûһı츳ħ繦ռŵĵز⼫Ȥ
ܿ죬˱㺣ź۱óŮλļ֮λ
ź۷ܶʮ꣬Ÿյϼ֮λһ꣬ˡ
ʹߴˣȷʵĶЩ죬֮ʵ̫࣬Ҳȷǲˡź۽͵
ŶƵǺܶ࣬ÿ˶жصϢѵҲ֪ħսݣ˵ǶˣʵΪҲǵĵϸҲñħ
һ˵Ѿȷݣмƻһǰźۡ
źѾǵǸëͷСӣʱҲܻħʹߵݣħʹ߱
ȻǻɶѣΪεļ޷죬źһʱ֮仹û
ţôܵħ磬Ϊʲôлû´϶һħʹ߲ô˭лأźзٵĸħʹǡ
ħʹˣǶҲʲôˣһħʹСһ㣬ΪǺߣ֪ħкͼ
źƽ˵۲ÿһ΢Сٶ
ȻߣǱħɾҪϲˣھͽɱˣЧȣ
˵ŨŨɱ⣬ͬһɱħһ㡣
źһòײ࣬ħʹɱأ
˶źȻзŲ࣬еĳҲԽԽ²ǰ׽ȴʼ޷Ѱټ
ź۵֪һԪڵϵɳǰһԪڣһԪڵʵʵ̫ǿɳĸһҲûл
ʹߴˣħ磬ʵΪ𣬲۳ǰʹߴ˵˼ҲҪնˣΪҲһ֮ˡ
ź۷ЦȴǰħʹȴûЦͣסЦ⡣
ϸź۵ǸƽԶ˵ź۵ĳֻͨԵӢĶ࣬üĿ֮һа
ٴμźۣʵҲǸпǧյʦ֣Ѿ߻ħ޿ɾҩˣ˭Ҳû뵽ھȻħһ컯Ūˣ
ħǷħ֮½£㵨űħ£ħħʹǰ㼫ţɼסˣ
˵ɢ˵ɷźд󾪣ֻħʹߵʵȻɲ⣬˵ʵаħʹ·Ǿ;ԲΥ˼
ħʹ˷ģĳһּĪҲӣ
ź۴վȻϥأ˫ֱȭһħ𾴵ڡ
ŮҲͬʱ˫ϥڵأĽ¡
ţڿʼ㼫ڱħħΪħʹʮ󻤷֮һԸ
ȻվŹźۣһ뷨ΪԼڵ̰Ů˺ӵΪʧˡ
Ը⣡
ź۱ǿסˣʱȻӦ֮ٴӳ顣
ܺãмʵﵽɽڻ߶ɽϵħߣκˣΥߣɱ⣡
˵仰ʱϵɷźֶĤݵĳ嶯
ħ磬ʵΪʱɢħʵʶƱʹһɷɷȻɲź۷
ߣ꣬㶷ңڣȻҵĽ£ΣҵҪ㻹ʲôУ㻹Ƕ⣬Ҿͳûɱ㣡


773 
а룬źȻ֪룬ʱΨеͷ
ãһ˳ȥϾ
һ仰źЩǵһۡ
ϣŮòģŮֵַŮˡ
ǺŮע⣬Ů̬ҪȻǴŮ۹ûгĻ
ŮӵʵҪźۣλȴź֮£㵹Щ⣬ħ粻ʵźۺεº֮λ
û˵һŮѾʼ˵ħʹˣ֪˴ǰΪ£
һͳħ磡ն˵
ŮڵأûȴֲŮľڿ˲Ÿ
żŵһЩ⣬ŮҲ֪ԣԶֻʵź۵ʱ˵ĻشЩ֧֧ᣬƺ֮
ĪŮܵźвв²⡣
ԼĪʱź˵ħʹˣѾ˵ɽʵħ߼ϡ
Ӧһ̳ȥŮಽĸϣٲȻıڻһ㡣
һȽϴĿ֮ʱ΢΢ȵǰЩħߣû뵽ʵȻôۺǰҲˡ
ʶЩɨȻʮɽٳڵħߣʮɽħߣɽٺħߡ
˳ڵʮˣʮˣ˺ڵҲˣж˾Ȼ˴˺ڵʵҲǴﵽ˵ħʵ
Щ˼һʵ㹻ɨˣû뵽ʮħ֮һļŵʵǿ󡣡аԾȣԼħʹһ⻷¶Է治Լӡ
ħʹˣЩҼŵľӢѾȫˣ֪ħʹ˻ʲôԸ
ź۴ʱϵЦαƺʾһ㡣
ߣµħȫԹˣ
Цź۸еɪη岻ԼȻħʹǰɪƺԼʲôô
Щɽڵ˶Щģߺ֮飬ȴ˵һķŭȥϾΪݲͬħϡ
ħʹˣŷħѾʮˣ֪ħʹ˿Ҽħ֮ˣ
ź̽ԵʵϾЩղŵĻЩɽڵħѡֻʵħʹ֮£㲻ʱܻһسӵġ
Ļƺеˣѵ±ħͷ𣿡ĵźһۣŵǸ
ʱŷּΪôǿˣźΪڸ˵ԼǰʱǰưԭħҲŲС
֮ħ֮ҲȫǾ֮ħߣħħδ˵ţƺ˶죬ҲħҲ˵
ǵ˵½ħʹм֮ˣԼʱҲɽ͡
֪ħʹ˳ԾݺδɣʲôʵħأźЩĵʵ
ףԼ˵ֻǶɽٺڷħ磬ͻź۵ļıϾղԼֱӽЩɽڵħߺߵġ
ܣ㻹ǲ֪֪ĺã
һ仰ֹź۵ļ׷ʡ
źЩħʹϼ޻Ȼ㴹࣬һָʾ
֪λﵽʲôʵڼʲôְλָǶʵ
ҼŵػʵǳǿѾﵽ˵ħڵʵźЩ˵
Ƕ˹
Ų֮⡣
СϷ򸾹ʲôʸ񣿡һ˵
ߣ۶кλͣҶ㲻ҶһŹһǸŮˣͬı
ƾо˵ʵӦòֹħڣﵽ˵ħڵΪղʵΪ̽ˡ
λԭŸˣʧʧ
æЦǶŸӵ˹
ʹߴʲô˵ɣҶһʵΪҵеĻʹߴ˺
΢һ㣬ͬԵðޱȡ
ħλʵǿԲŶǿǣĪҪˣ½ĲǱħһˣаħʹʵǿѾħڵʵħ֪ǵʵħڣԣǲħǺصģٴα仰˵ǶҲɴڴ״̬
ħʹϢŭλҼŵǰԹ°ħʹĪҪ֣ź̳Բ
ⷢӵĹѾʱ˵ħݣ¹ϵħ磬ҲϵݵĴǸҲ۽ǲصġħͬ飬ÿ˸һݣνħоӢһħսˣκθΥħ˶ᱻħҪǣ㼫ħвһҲԶˮȽ𣡡


774 
һ˵˶Щ֣ϾξȻ½˾ŴħʹߣǼһ𣬼ܹʲôֿѵָŷħЩ𣿳ħʹ˵ԶˮȲ˽
߳ĬˣͬʱֵħʹԭҵȸղŵðܷԸҶһΪΥ档
ʶ࣡Ҫ۸ħʵħξԲһˣǿɼˣǵħսǼ˶
ҵв㣬ȻŹвЩʵǿļһȻǿˣħһ˭Ҳӣɱ⣡
˳źҲħʹߵϻ治һĴ󣬾ȻԼɵĶڼﶼŵˡ
Ÿһľ
ݣķԸźۣźҲòӡ
һйУһ˸ողһͥԺŵһĻ㣬ͥԺ֮Уٻޣˡ
ͥԺ֮ʱʮħѾͥԺſڣ˼ڲͥԺȥ
źŮϣߵԺ֮ӿʮɫ˵ŮӣЩŮݣͥԺ׽ź
ʱЩŮӼź۵ˣ̹
Ǻǣħʹˣ֪ЩŮΣźİ˵
У֪ź۵˼ơ
ڣЩŮӾħʹʹ˷ģЩŮӿȫһһĴŮԵĸɾĹħʹ˼ӱܡ
ź¶˰Ц⣬ʱȴоǱӵĿ⿴Լһ
ħʹźЦһװκķȥ
ûŮϱڣҲԭصȺǸźȥ
ƿʱҲɱź۵Ĵֱʳһ
ɫ·УʮűɴŮӣվһ룬һݺ»ӭħʹˣ
һĸŮȡһ֧ѣĵһۣȻ쿪ʼĵ
ڵĴ£ŮֳҲвʼ˰ݣʣµŮĵʼ衣
ŮǾɫŮ۳ģŵ赸£һ˵Ӿ
ħʹˣ⼸ŮôЩŮܸ裬ܹȡħʹˣ¸ħʹ׼ĺ񣡻Цɣ
źϸֳеЦ⣬ЩʵĶ࿴ЩŮӼۣЩŮӿɺķ˼Ų˼
ʮŮӣɫˣ۷飬˼ŻشħȻǷ֣ÿһóǧ˰ݵȹ¡
Ȼ⼫ţһ־ܹ˸棬źۣȻὫⷽ淢ӵ¡
ȷʵħһȫµĵħܹŮɫԣһûʲôã
ϧ˵źһһ۾׼ЦħʹˣȻǣôٻȥҲûʲô壡ҾǣҲµһɣ
ЩŮ̾ޱȣֶЩߵһ׷׹ڵġ
һɱź۵ĳ嶯СʲôʱôˣͷˣԼЩŮˣѵǾҪ˶
ĺ⣬ħˡЩŮӵҲ籾ħͽʹ͸£Ƕȫ֮£
΢΢һЦȻ㷵˳źȻҲֵͳԼܱȶԷܵҪá
ȵ߹ź۲źۼĹ۲żˣж˭пܻ
һñͺɵź۸ӻħʹһС
ǼȥǷŮˣȤħʹ͸ǣûȤôɱǣ
˵ֻɱܹһȻãǾȲˣҲ˳Ȼˡ
ллħʹˣͬ˵
ȿɲ̳Ƿ֮Уţڶ˹ȥŻЦ⡣
ڹǣȴǵȵ˶߽ȥŻǷȥϵıˮһƽƺûΪĻ
źϸĹ۲ˣѾ˽ۣţ϶һɫıҲԣǸеȣòӢкܴĿԱ
˳ڣ벻ҲܹﵽʵһҪϲ٣ΣһڼţźаȻȷŹǱڻȣħʹҲĻɣΪԼղ̽ҪɱЩŮӣȻᣬƺһħʹ߱Ը
Թˣ
˵
˾һ㶣ź۸ŭû뵽ԼֺħʹߣȻԼ̫۸ˣ
Ŷħ˵ˣȫһħһȱ㣬ǾԸϲŭ޳ԣڱħ鲻õʱվ򣬱ħɱǡ


775 
ɢһŨŨɷƺ޷һ㣬ź۵˺Ƿŭȴԣֻŵˡ
ߣźۣôȥˣ㻹ǲ籾٣Ҫ͵ùҸ滨ξ֮أüҲΪᣡ
뵽¶΢΢Ц⣬ղŶź۵İһ仰ù
ɫƬԺв˽ƣƲʮǿ󣬲ȴֹܹ֮˵͵ǶħʵļһֻҪ̽Ӳʶ
ȵȫǰƬͥԺУٴβƣǽеĽƣ͵͵ǽµĽơ
ʵļŵ˿̽ΪûӣһԼ˿̽ڼŴɱ䣡
ȵ˳ݵĿΪαװħʹƭˣһķˮⲻò
ԺһҪСģԲԷɢҲ뿪ҵ߷Χ֮ڡ⼫ŵ˱Ϲʵ϶̥һд⣬źۡԭҵһʦֻ֣ϧ;ѾûþˣҪСĵľ룬ѾһֻɹǺȡڽ֮жԼ֣˵
ԲЦţϤź۵ĵϸȻ֪Ǹʲôˣ
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ѵЩǣϾźҲǱǰദôܹ꣬һЩ˿
ĵĲûеѾԸˡŵʵǺǿħֲǼһҶ󣬵ŴɵĸָϵʱͿԶԼγһܺõǣЧ
ҴжֶΣŴħֱ˼ţҲпܵġڴڲȶУͬˡֻҪͦѵһ£һбӦˡ췢һħЩħȥڼҸطչ
Ц֮źֱһ£ǾԻԼռơ
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ЦȻֶ˽һŽ⿪ΧĽơ
Ϊź۰ģҲţ˽Ƿ֮УһμŮĸ裬ûʲô֮£Ͼ˿ǸԼġ
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˶ԼﵽΪһչأڱӰ졣
һΣɴչһ£һڣȶԼħڵʶ˳ץʱϣܹͻƴ˺ڵΪ
£æһƬźۣνǴ⣬ħʹϷŴͬħеĸֶᾡš
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ݵħǺܾǰһֻʮɣʮɣССɺ࣬Ҳ
źڼűϣһɫŮڰǣΧżźĳϣֹĶħʵҲС
ʮɣѾ߸ɴǰжȽƫԶɻûϵһΣߴɵʵ㳲ɽϵĸƣѾвҼŵĴڡУѾжʮɵĸָϵǰΣݵħ߸ֶۼţһŮ˷ܵ˵
֪ˣڣҶԼŵķչʲôƻźЦʵ
ħʹ߱չأҼǲǸץᣬʱħһͳأһ¶ı顣
¸£̳ǣħʹڴˣ뿪ħ֮ǰǻǲҪһͳħ飬ڰɰֵ飬ץС
ź˵ŹǶħΪǰ֪λкأ
۶ҵǾǳûħʹɱˣȻðݣһɲѴ֮ͳһħ硣ߣǳ׵ĿΪеĿܣ


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źԵͷҡҡͷ˵˵ģ۶ҲȥκǾŴħʹһ½磬Ƕ֣һͬħ磬ʱҲ޷ֵħʹߵıҪҿһϾǵħʵܹʲôвأ
ˣɣħȻ㣡۶ܹ㣬αǼ֮ʱʱһᴳºպָ̾Ϣ
ǣ۶ܽˣź۹˵ȴʾ֭Ǹħʹߵ㣬ͻȻһ󵨵뷨ź۵ԺУͷźԼһ
ź۵ɫ˲ò԰ޱȣѪɫȫޣ˼̱ϣԴʼ죬һַסͷƣı۾ԺȫħʹߵЦò
ôˣһ
һһζ֧Ե֧ˣҲͻʵ󽵣˹ź۵İΣ
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۶ʲô£ôŪôأЩڵĳ϶֪
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ʱֻʣʵǿľŵĳϣһֱźߵŮҲС
֮еʮ˼˼ųΪʮħ֮һĺʮˣŲʮħеڶʵеһѪħš
źżŵЩˣɫŻ˲٣һڿŻڵλ¹ϵħʹйϵΪеϵҾȽһǿҪϸˣ
½̻壡˵һȫ̬Ϊ
Ƕȴźƽƽʱɫأ֪ʲô
ǰźƽ˵ǰһĴӣׯׯλݾγǵɽ£һͨСׯȫׯϰ䣬ʵߵıׯȻׯеĹ
һģǸʱׯһȺȺ꣬ƽԭʵǿ󣬵ȥȺȻһСкǸСкǱ
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źɫͻȻЩݣŭ˵ǣһ죬һСкһ˼ҵĺӣԴ˺󣬾ȻΪʦеţӴԺʦͿʼİҲ齥󣬵Ů֮ʱȴһȡ
Сʱź۲ŽԼ࣬Ĺ½һ飬Ȼ˺ܶԼĸ˸۵㣬ȴȻ˹µʵ
ɶϷԼһƤĽȻ¾ƣ߷ŭ
ŮҲǸöǵģ۶ĺжҪʲô۹⣡ǺŮҲΪź۴򱧲ƽ
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Ǹ˲ֻԪӤڵΪʵֱֱӰɱһŮϷŭԮ
ź۴ʱɫѿЦԴҶ˵ˣƷôѧϣϼšôȥˣڻԵɺ´ﵽ˴ڵΪΪʵȥǰΪҲɽٺڣǣڷԼĹˣҴף
Ůһ仰˵ֻǵʹͷ
ѵ㻳Ǹħʹ߱Ǹ³Ͼʵ
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⵹ǺпܣղŽɲ򵥣һСׯӵ꣬µֶξȻ츳ˣһҪǻۣԣĶֲµģȻź۱£ȻǸǻ۹˵ˡ


777 
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λҴСһÿÿ֮£ԲԳ顣ǰҵһɵµǶˣΪһֻ߸ˣһһԣ֮һ߸УıǶӣȻţŮӣࡣΪ̫ƻˣҲŮҲпܵġ
ǰ϶ҲңӵʱţУܹоǡϣԣһϿԿ϶ţǱˣȻʣˣǶŮӵĿҲûУֻʣˣǾħʹߣȣǣУǵȾӵڶħʹĿС
һеһˣôħʹôպأôħ磬ѵħʹǰʶԣҾǾԲĵħʹߵµģԣħʹĿ󡣡
źһķţʱҲϣԼԾУϣҲܹ
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Ҳ׷׵ͷʱźۼ˵һ֮ħʹ˵ŮɫѾ͸ǵʣڳʱôܻŮһࡣһħʹ߱ĿٴӡĸɣܾЩŮʱ˵ܾɱǣȻЩŮӷָáʣһħʹ壡ȫħߵĴ·񣡽ƾɣһԿ϶ħʹ߱εħʹߵģðеܹ֪
ۺҲͬź۵϶ħʹ߱ʱĻɵź۵ԺС
ȷһ£ԷԼЩʲôָӦԣȴڶʱһϸĽ
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һºĳ죬ħʹ߳أɫĳڼŵһλ֮ϡ
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ʮһʮ˴ﵽ˴˺ڵΪħΪʮˣɻɢ޵ʮ˺ڵħߣħڵħߡ
һٶ˺ڵħߣʱͻƤ£ʮɷֳһ򣬶Сɵ߷ΪһЩɢΪһ
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ħ½ħ磬˷ħħһҪӱħָӣ˴νش鷢ϵħ磬ݵİΣ
һ仰˵ļ·ľһ
ħĵһһͳħ磬ƬѾ̫ûͳһˣεʹǷħ˴ΣħʹѾʼͳһħĹ̡ħҲԲԸ·磬ԻҪ̸λħһ֮
ƻֺ˵ɢϵɷ·Щ˺ڵ߷׷ľս
ʹߴ˷ģҵһʹħһͳĴҵѪħ۸ߺźҲ
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˳߲ڸ㽫𵹡
ٴһ㣬
ʱҲϻȻվĿĺâɢһɲŭ߰
˾㲻׸ʲô˼Ҳľйϵˣһƴĺ˳߲
ǿħߣÿںŵ˵Ļԣ˶ǿʤԣЩǿħ߻ûһѪԡ
һţ˫һɨˣִ󲿷ֵħѾĳּУֻħ߻ܹ侲
̧ұۣһѹħ߶ʱеĻ˻ȥһź棬ݣǿ־Ŀ


778 
һãܸħӣǸõĿʼʮ֮У϶صĴ˺ڸְɣħͽ˵ǰ棬ɲñڵĸ֣һǰ˵أ汾ħȥħ粻ΰҵκɵĴħߣһڼżУһºǻκɸΥ涨һ֣Ŵ
Ϻ˪֣ܲһϯ˵˷׷ӦŵȴЩΪѡΪȻħʹߵĺ٣ɶκһɶԣһʵħסӣɵĸֳһպҲгҳ룬ʱͻɸĲ£
ҪľЧħ͵ʮħֻܹﵽԼĵһĿġ
ħʹˣ̫ˣǲż˺ڵĸڣôǰ˵ʹߴ˴ΰҵأħʹ߿һǵʵһ߹˵
ߣΥ汾ħ֮ԣѵ뱻ΪǲгƾСۻۣ
ϵɱŵд󾪣Ѫħ뼫ŵĸǷ׷ɢɱ⣬ߣʲôƵģֵ̹ħʹһʹߴ֮
ʮ֮һʱٲҶ԰䣬ΨΪɱ֮
ҲˣҲΥţڸλɢޣһ໥ת档¸µĽ쿪ʼħħеĵطһִڵûħħɱ֮ң֮ˣǲʮħţħҲ˽Ŵã
ٴ˵ϱ鲻һȴεĵͷӦŵ
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ѪħħһţѪħǾ߱ħڵΪͬʮҵ꣬ʱЦ˶о֡
ħʹδ½֮ǰѪħűʮħ֮ףħ磬Ӱ޴ڣû뵽ǣħʹ߾ȻѪħ֮ˣһѪħȫ춨ħİλ
зٵ˼ȴȻǸı飬֪̾ԭѪħţݻء
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һ£һݣ˻ƾðħʹߣݵһħŵ£ţ
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֮ĬƺѾãʾ⻹أǡñź۲׽ˣпһֿʼԼǰƶϡ
ħʹôܺѪħĬѵƵľ֣ĿľΪ˰ѪħǸ弫ţ
źмҪץΣħʹѪħϵһԼżв
Ǻǣû뵽ħʹ߾ȻѪħţһҲûħʹ˵û뵽ѪħڻǺܵ͵
źۻл˵Ĳζ
ħʹĹԸһͬʣԲŲԸἰѪħŵԨԴħʹ緢һʱ˵©죬ͣħʹԭ£
Ѫħаˬѣ⹰Ѫħŵĸַ׷ֱͦţƺݱŴָһء
׻˵һ˵õȮ죬Ѫħžͳֻȴ֪Ǹõ֮ʵѾɱˣ֪ˣѪħǵļһǾԵһƴ
ħ˴󲿷ֶ֮ˣıƵĴԶԶǿɽ֮ˣαɽ֮˸ǿһ㡣
αûΣԣħ֮˸ĸоһ㣬ʱһ
źܹ³ħʹ߱Ĺ۲ȻҲźۿԼݡ
˫ǰп͸˶Էʱͬһֲ֣Ÿոտʼ¹˭֣δۡ
źһֱԼ飬ÿħʹʱһֿƲסĳ嶯ǳޣ־壬ʣŭָоһ㡣
ħħ½Ҳδ֪ͨѪħţ¡ħʹߣΪ˱֤ԴҵĹƽ빫Ҫἰ֮ԨԴ
˵仰ɵĸֶʱһϲħʹƺǸ֮ˡʵϣıƣαеٮٮߣҪЩħߵǲѡ
¹ԴŭȴҺǳֻĺһһȴڶУȻⲻ˽ⷢӡ
Ǻ⣡ʹߴ˽ѵòħʹߵİǲǲħʹߵźץסʱȷѣѪħһֱƲʱҲûʲô⡣


779 
аЦźʱѪħ̣ԽԼԽ
һıľź۶֪ԣ˵ĽҪıϡ
ѪħΪħʹߵĺǳ⣬һӲˬŷѣЦʹߴ˵ĻҲӣħʹѪħŵӣѪħȻħʹߣҿ㼫ŵЩʹߴ˲㣬Ȼʹߴ˵Ĺϵﵱ
ԣãŵҲѪħ֮չһǹս˴Ҳ֧һЩ֮ˣɢҲʼѡ
£̬˵ۣѰҶԼЦ⣬ԽԽãֻгìˣԼлǡ
ãЦ𣿡
˷׷һ㷲
Ѫħ뼫ħ֧ŽᣬʾħܣУħˣôˣҲͷֳɣһӵѪħţһӵţһ
仰˵ЩԣȻ
ӵħʹ𣿼Ϊֹɣδħ˽Լ棬ͨţΥߣնΪ˱֤ƽʮɸһˣɳɢҲЩ˾͸мලִӣĸɸΥħǾ͵͵Ѽ֤ݸ߱ħ
Цĺܹ죬ȫһ㶣Խħʹ߸Ī⣬źۼҪ޳Ϊһʹ̫Ư
ԭźѾһԸ뷨ǾǽҴݣΪԲѪħŵǸӹֻҪѪħħʹ߲ǵĵӣôѪħһϼȥѰĻԽɱΪʵɼʵǿ
Ȼֻܹ˽ȥ˵źڴʱ˵̱ĽⷢӣǷ
ֻǣڴʱһźҪѪħ̽Ҳðķաź۶˽⣬ʲô鶼ĳһ˺֣Σӡ
Сҷңߣ棬ĹңаЦź۳ԱӣҲˬѡ
һṦʮ˵ļѾɣЩȫΪ˺ڵħߡ
ЩˣڿʼǾ͸Ҫְ𡣼סǲΪħ񣬶һ¹ŵ֮˸ұűħ˽ᣬǾ;ٱʹͳɱᵳɣ˭
ûһʹΪвȴû˸˵
ܺãԺ󣬾ͱħԵټκһִӴڿʼ졣ʮɵļʹǿɲܴͷΥħһĴã˵аЦ
ٴӦŵ¶һĨصЦ⣬Ȼ³֮ǰҡ뿪ѪħŶһˣǺȺȾƣɣ
ǣʹдϲ׹ѪħŵһӣѪħǼġ
ѪħĶԻ֮ҲȻʱҲֻĽķݣΨźаαֱ
ãħһǸԷɢԼټŴڵĸ֣ɽڵĸҲҪȫϵ󣡡ʧڴ֮С
ȵصչ֮أȵڱһƵЦΪЩħɵıʵ̫ˡ
ԭ뽫ɽϵĸȫйȴΪǶɽڵħٶԶԶڵģΪħֻܹȽڵħټɽڵҲͳһħҲһͳ
磬źǲǿˣҸое㲻Ծൣǵѯʵ
ӦǿˣҲ쵽ˣпˣ֪ݺ̶޷̣
ţȴźûΪԼȫƵλ
ͷɢŵЦ⣬Ҳûãһж̫ˡϣҼѪħѶΪѪħ뼫ſ˭Ҳ˭ȼѪħǾ͸һΪӡ
ҲΪ˷ֹֻҪǲ໥ᣬѪħŵ֧£Ƕҡôħ˶ҵϣҪԶֻ֣Ҫһ£ѪħҲãҲգҲͻһˣ
ºѪħ֪ðģҲҷȨȨı֮վҪΪǵ濼ǵġҲ˵ҲҪƾԼʵıԽħŪڹ֮У˶ѣֶΪأ
磬ˣȵҲıЩļһ类ȫˣ㣬ѧ˲ٶʱҲıȥЩУЦ


780 
ǺǣȣҪǽļһǶˣ綼ʧˣǺЦҲЦ
ʱҲڵ磬ûڷ˽ֳô󶯾гһշɽ磬᲻ɽ֮˵ıأ
˻һ˷׷ϵЦ⣬ȷʵǸϾĿ飬Ͼɽ뷲˽ǧ˿Ƶϵ
磬˵еҲĹ룬Ҳһ磬ɽ硣罫֮˶ˣڶǿУڷ֮ķչҲĵ
۷׷ףԣȴǳĬš
˳Ĭˣ΢ЦǵĵЩ⣬ѾǹˡЩ½ʹߣܴ硣ħʵֻ׵ΪôŪЩˣҲľǿߣⲻܡ
ңǲҪΪֻоݲзߣû´ֻǷһСС򣬻ƾݵɽ磬ħ磬磬Щķ߼Ź˵磡
޵֮ʵԣǰҾħľʹߣǵĿɽҲ²ħʵ߱ħʵ߲˶١ȻҾѡʵڴﵽ˽缫ʵٷʱһƾҵ츳ҲħʵֺξЩˣ
ĽͲ˰˲٣ʵ׷ѾΪ˵ҪĿꡣ
ǲˣȥúսɣסıȻҪԶҲֻܹǸЧǿھԵʵĴﵽ˵ħڵʵҪЩıǻɱ˭ɱ˭˭Ҳ޷赲
˵ͷһӣ˺С
ƿƺɽеŮҲȫ˳ȥʱѾź֪ˣԸ˼ʲôЩŮڴ˰£
ټɽУֻʣһˣʮħʹɽ档
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783 
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785 
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˵սţһݵսھСʱĿս󣬹¹Ѿˣȴǿĸħڵħߣ˵Ԫ֮ƵڽƱԵš
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ȻϵԪҪָȴǲܵġʱνǵԪץʱЩԪȴ⹫¹Ķ֡
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·ħʹҲסˣ˫۲ϵķ
ոնɽٳɹħߺԼΪʲôҪڷأôΪʲôôԩ
ô㱨ѽħǸˣȻ֫նǸħߡ
ħʹˣСİɣСĲ£ңħۿѾħ磬ȴΪ仰ɱ֮ʱƴġ
еħ㡣ǣ̫ñħʧˣղŷԺڣĹڣƺѾûлȥıҪˣ˵仰öԷĵ׾
ãҵģҾѡԱͬھħ߷ĺ
ߣûʸڱħǰԱҵﱾħɽٳɹˣһ
Цһӣֱ˲ӳɣͬ˲Ƶٶһ㣬ħߵԪ֮ѾץС
˿ɽٳɹħ߾Ȼ˲һ˲ͱԪ֮ץ˳˵ɱħħߵʵ


791 
һϽ棬ħ߱޷ѡԱʱȫɵˡ
λֵܣͬΪħʹߣֺαˣֵһӣԪɣҲǿʵŵˣЩε˵
΢ЦһɽٽĽȻϼƾʲôӣСħҪˣ
ҽӽдѾʼǸһԪ֮ˣﵽڵʵԪٶҲǿʮòƬ̣ǸһԪ֮㱻ԼĪһ롣
ķζ챻ըˣʲô½ħʹ߾ȻԼҪħɱˣӦƣнԺﻹȥ
ŭĽѾɢǿɱ̫ˣΪħ۸ʹشˣħǵħڵΪ
ûһֻۣĵԪḶ́Ҳԥ֪ԷʵҲǿȴòڴʱ˵滰
ȵħߵԪ֮ɺŽɽȣЦŽͬڿһһ㣬͸һ˿ýҲëȻĸо
λ˵ħǸɱǸ÷أ
ɵָŽЦʵ
ɱɱ
ħ߷׷ָŽΪħ˵ǱȽѪģڵԶԶߣһǿΪ𣬴ʱĻǲɵΪ
ļҪѪû뵽ԼôùҪħ˲˵Լȴܵ˶Է裬ЩͨħҲԼ
д㡭㡭ֱָ̫ŭ
Ҿ۸㣬˵ôŰɣ˼ɵķЦħҲЦýĲιȥˡ
ײסץĳ嶯һۣвûаܹʤԻѡгˡħ֮ˣʶʱΪܣҪ֪֮еġ
ãҼסˣݣһħ磬ұȻս
Ц˵곡滰һ˲졣
ħ첻ȥأ
Ļһֱӳڽ˲Ƶ֮ٶȱҪϼ֡
ħڵʶȻ˲ƹ켣ռ˾Եƣǽ֮ʱѾֲ˽ơ
ĿǰħڵΪʲôʵսȴԶԶֹ磬µĽҲסħڵħߡ
·ħֻǰһ˾ѾʧڿУһطʾĲ˵˽صĽ֮С
ĵĵȴţмĵȴӮʤ
ԼȻԷʹýƷд󾪣չħȴԼĵħȻ޷ԷĽƣ˵ԷѾԼסˣԼ޷ݳơ
㵽ôѵˣһҪɱңЩƵʵ
ҡҡͷЦ˭Ҫղôţѵ֪ħͼŵ𣿡
˵˵ʵֵԭܼ򵥣ǾɶԷԪ֮塣
ھǰЩɵĺôѾ׼·Զһ㣬ΪĿǰٶݵķʽԼúðջᣬֻҪˡ
ޱȣԷǲưոˣӳȫƣʼս״̬С
һϲն콣Ҳ˵һѾնɱȥ
Ҵ⣬չɽչ˶Թս
ħڵʵƾ轣޵ڲ֮ˣԷк󣬷ԼɱʵбּսʧȥȤ
ಣ
˲ˣʱɵˣȫ޷̽鵽˲ƹ켣оʱԤԷ͵Ϯ
ˣħʶ֮ϣ汿ӦòǸħ֮ȥħġϣҲԩԼǸɽٺħһĴǾǲ˵Щ滰ġ
˲˼Σ۲쵽޷֪ԼĹ켣ʱڳڿС
ͷ
д󾪣ûü̧ͷһƬɹԼ㱻һˣˣԪ֮Ҳܵ˶Էش
ɫɽѸͷ£̺ǿһֱӽмնΪء
Ԫ֮Ҳܵ˲СĴˣԾĿ룬ȻĿȴնɱԷ塣
ͣ
һӣϻɫ̴ԶϻɫԶýԪ֮循ֲ
ڵĿռ䲢󣬶ͷŻٶȺ֮죬˫䣬Ԫ֮ΧѾϻɫ档
ԭ׼ͷϽģȴĻᱻһԪԱŸΪͷǿϻɫ档
ϻɫ棬Ѿڴ洢˴Ļ棬ԣſѸٵͷŻ˷İΧΧĿռ䡣
뵽ԷϻɫôĹ˷ϻɫѾƶԼΧľ


792 
ǽʱԪ֮壬ôȻа취ʹħ͸ֲϻɫ棬ǣʱ嶼ûˣʲôԿɢϻɫ档
ʵɢɫ棬ֻڵĻȴʵ̫٣Ҿ㽫ϻɫȫתɻɫ棬ȻǺС޷γɴİΧ
ϻɫĻ濪ʼѹͻһ㣬˷ѹԪ֮ȻޱȵĸΧֲĻ档
Ǽӹ󣬽ܵ˾ҵʹԪ֮忪ʼƴԱǻɵ˺
Ԫ֮СͬʱϻɫҲһʱȫ뱻ľء
̫ˣҪԱͬھĺԱʱڱķԼڶԷĻΧУ޷Ա
ýԪ֮ŵɪɪһʱû˺֮ɫȻʼģҪүүˡ
һ仰Ҳ˵һӣŻͬԪУȻ󣬽ɫɽϻɫ泯ŽԪ֮նȥ
ѾɵħԪľˣһȻǼ죬ǽɫɽۿٶȽԪ֮ΪΡ
˷֮ɫʼɽԪ֮壬ԼĪʱ䣬ڽԷԪ֮ϡ
ɺԪ֮ԼʶΪǿˣԼĵħڵʵҲӽ壬мͻƵơ
ʱɵķʽɣߣħʱڵļһǶΪҵͣ
ڽǵ״̬ҪԼµĽơ
ʱϵƣȻӽг˳
ħʹ꣡
Ǹĺ
ħʱѾ׶ˣΪʵʵ̫ǿƸţȻӵоԵ쵼ܣҲĵ׳
Ǳ̬̲ס˵ΪʵǱʽáսҲвƽˡ
ǰ˵ûô꣬һ־ͱǰţơҲŬˣҪܹӵǱ̬ͺˡţ̾
ԣͻȻһղſϽ˴˺ڵߣôԼҲֻ߱棬ǲҲأ
뵽ϲЦţ㵹ң֪οʵˡǺǣȣһεս㽫ҵ£
һ㶣͹ƵˣҪԼͬ飬ôܣ
ЦŽԼķʱҲһǻ֪Լĺǲǿ
˽ӵгǿ츳Ȼһֻͨţ࣬Ȼ̬
´׷ɱѪħ󣬾ͽȫˣʱÿһԼ㵵ˡ
ಣ
ʱһƣȻУ⵱ȻΪ˷ֹԻ˿̽
ʲô£һ飿
ЦʵղŶԴʱĲ̲ͬڵЦǺϵġ
˷ܵ˵Լ뷨֪ǲǻͬ뷨
ҲһϲҲܹǿʵǾĺ£ΪԺˣҲұ֤һֱһ
ֵⷽһԣȥŪƷ΢һᡣ
˲ƿƣȻڿʧ
ٴγʱšһùļһһʵոմﵽڣΪѾӹ˵׷ɱȴû뵽ᱻħʹץ
֮УħģΪ֪λħʹߵҪߣǲܵ顣
ڸֵֵʱˣ
ЦŷſħߣȻ˵һǣȵҲźˡ
΢΢һЦȻ󲽳Ǹڵħȥɢǿս־
෴ǣڵħֱӹڵأģﻹһս⡣
˷ɽȴЩΪѾŵĵˣﻹҺԼս
磬㿴̫ûսˣѾŻˣôս
ͷЦ
ҲҡͷǸħѾû˶־ȫûһĿˣͬУһǿ϶ܹӮͬս
Īа취һսЦ
ɻʱǸڵʵСӣ𣿡
ʹߴˣ밡˼˵
ܺãǱħ͸һ·ֵܹͬͿԻΣ
Ц
ħߺɵһ飬ԼоĵʵȴħʹߵĻʵʹߴ˵
ߣţǱħھɱ㣡
ͻȻɢһְԵƣֱǸڵħߡ
ʹߴˣҪǸڵħ߽е
ô׼ΪսɣˣԪҲᱻɣеĺɣԣֻӮֻսʤϣħ㣡


793 
˵⻰ʱ򣬳˹ƻǡÿħߵơ
úǸħߴӵվѸٵǿսһֱڷǿѾɢս⡣
ҽΪս䶨ˣǸħһһٵ˵һɫķɽ
ҽΪԪսˡ
Ȼ˵еսٴǿ
磬һ仰Ǹħķǳ̲ס˵
Ǻǣ㲻ҪҵƨƨĶˣһоľġʵЩܼ򵥣ֻҪѧ˼ԺһһЦ
ȵͷʱ˵սѾʼˡ
ɢƣƾԷйΪƾ轣޵ƱɵѹƶԷ
˫һ֮󣬸̼ʵҪһ
ɱ
ħûκ·ΪսȻǷļʵ
˲ƣ
ħ߾Ȼչ˲ƹ飬ҲЩŭˣѵԷ۸ԼʵͲ
սΪңΪǸħ߲ϧܾ˵Ĵ򷨣⵹ԵЩηηţԿʼûռѹơ
óԼ֮⣬Ӧ츳֮ˣȵ֣ԣͬĶ֣ûܹӮ顣
˵ʤʵѾ£ֻʱ⣬һǾܹʹѹƶԷԪ֮壬ֹԪ֮ԱĿ顣
ǸħҲΪͬԶԸģٶȱԼ죬ҲԼǿĶ࣬Ĺ죬Լ򲻵ķʽ
ͣ
ķɽ֮ϾȻӿϽɫĻ棬ҲһȫǷԼʽȻҲ÷ɽ棬һսɴ
ħֿ־ˣʹħȻĶ֡
ӣһĲҽħߵѾĽ¡
ʵڼ֮ھͽԷɱ֮ϵڣĿıöԷɾ衣
ಣ
˲ˣ˲ٶȼϴ˺ڵߣٴγ֮ʱһſֲϽɫѾħߵԪ֮֡
ħߵԪҪϽΧϧһ̽Ԫ֮С֮һȻϽɫһԪ
ԪԱ
ħŵٴͷųһϵĻ档
ôܲԱħ߼Ҫˣ־İ
΢΢һЦͷⷽԼ·һģ塣
ĲϽɫ潫ħߵԪѹһŲץС
Ϊûʲôȵȴסˣ鶼ЩĽеϽ档
磬һôԪ񣿡
ʱͲ֪νˣΪԪ֮ɲô򵥵飬ҲǾεнĿֲɼܡ
΢ЦҪԪ֮壬ǺѡɢϽɫ棬ô˷ֹԪԱȾڣϽ뽣ȻָԷԪ񡣡
ͷĬĬĿʼƷɽɽϺȻϽɫĻ棬ɽԪΪʱԪӳϽİΧķӦٶȿ죬ֻԪ֮ԱĻᡣ
ָ£ﵽָԪ֮ļܣʱſʼԻΪ壬ȻԪɶԷԪؾ
Ԫ֮ҪԭʵǿķԼٶԪ֮壬һܹɺĺ֢
ԣҲڸˣܹܲǾǵ츳ˡ
൱Ĵм䣬ԣǷҲûаա
ʵʧٴκڿԳɹһԪ֮壬ȻЧǰٴʧҲֵõġ
Ԫ֮רעʱȵ˲
ҲԣԪֻҪ˷ӦöǿʹľУҲ棬ԵļҲԪ񡣡
Ҳ˳˼֮С
ಣ
еĺҫ۵Ĺâռ֮ƾճ˺üͷ죬ɷߡ
ʮߺܾǰˣȻײеϹ
һӣһâ㽫ЩߵĹȴ޷âɵĹ֡
԰ɣ֮
˵
ԺԪ֮ļ䣬뵽һԷԪ֮ľС
ಣ
˲һߵǰ̳ϣȴһȭߺʮɡ
߲ڵʵһȭɱֻԪ֮ǿ˳
ͣ
һɵĵͻȻߵԪ֮壬ѹ£ߵԪ֮ҲʧȥԱ


794 
ǰһչʾǡÿԪ֮壬ô飬Ƕʹ缼ɡ
⣬дϲ˲ƶʼʹ֮һߡ
ţĽվˣЩƵ˵磬츳̫ãûôˡԪ֮ɣ
ҲԷ磡
΢΢һЦָѾɫ磬ţһࡣ
ǺǣҺһбԷҲ㲻Ҫ飬Сұ㣡
ЦȻҲ˲ƳɫĹâܡ
⻤ܿԵֵĹȴ˳ȥаϲһԼŮҲԪ֮塣
ʵϣ˵ɣһ߶ԣֻǣɱԷԪԱȴսԵġû㹻ʵļܣͬս¼ԷԪҲֻķݣ
磬ΪʲôΪŮ˾ӵأҪ㽫ҲɡţЩ˵
ȥ
һֱӽţ߷ɣĸ磬вɣ±Ͷ̥ŮԻ
ţƵվ˹һۣ˵ֵܣǶͬˣϧǶ߱
ȴֻǺܵȻЦЦܹʶ磬мɽ磬ѾˣҲĽ˵츳
ȣǣǿ󣡾ɼܣҲֻĳʱڿĽݾǣУҪĻ͸ĺúҲ߽ݾ죡磬ȴֻߵǰУҵĽȻǿ죡ԣŬǵһλġ
ƽ˵ĸⷬöͬʱһƺһ㡣
磬Ҷˣţ˵仰󣬻ƾȻƽһѵõ˻ơ
ţ治ϲˣҲΪţĶˣһѾŹǳȫĻС
û뵽ǣǾȻҲЩʧԭزɢɫĹââĽ֣ȴȻһ
ţ͹ܵͬǶܹԪ֮Ĵ̼ˣԼĹĶˡ
ֶÿľһαԪ֮õĺôҪ࣬ԣȵ취Ԫ֮壬ʵϣţܹʶǿͬʱͻͽģôȻࡣ
һ;·չ黹Ŭ츳Ҳȣȴܸıип
Ҳ򣬲ȴҪٴζѶ̫󣬲츳þһֱԶͻƵģԼԲˣɴ͹ˡ
ಣ
˽ƣѰ˼ţ֪⸺ƹ˼ɽٵħʹһжˣǻеĻһħʹԪֻ¿ͻƵħڵΪ
΢΢й˴˳ڵƣϸ۲ſеı仯һʱҲ£жʱ²⸺׵ʹҲǷֵģҲΪԼɱһħʹߣƬħʱ޷ɽ١
ȵæʱѾ뿪ħˣһаǰļƻС
ħ磬żѪħŵţѾȫƿ֧ħɵĴˣһ£ħĸַ׷׸Żϣħÿ춼ڷС
һºħĸּۼţɽħߡ
Щ˵ĵʵûгħħߣôħߣۼ˵ĹôǵħڵħҲֵ
ʱ䣬ӽħоѡʮʵǿħߣȻ㽫ǵɾһѵ֯ͽйͷأʮ˵ħ߱ѵľʱʮֹ
ͨ󷨺һͲãʮ˺ڵħһԶԸһħڵħߣһ˵Ĺսϼɱħڵħߡ
ʮ˱ֳʮţÿһŶʮ˺ڵħȻڣ˺ڵħߣټԼĪ˵ħߴԣÿŵʵԶԿϵĵħħߡ
ʮһ𹥻ħڵħҲ޷ֵŵ湥
ħʮѵʱȻ㽫ȵ˽ӳ˺䡣
ڿУĸ·ʮħߴȻ˵λ𣿡

ʮħ߿ΧûѡϵħһɫȻһΣʮҲﵽԪӤڵΪ
ħ磬ȫµĻԻͣԸħһȥ𣿡ƻ
Ը⣡
ħ֮صײУɽǲ·յʹ


795 
ԲƽĴڲ˵ĺвǷսֱ
ڵħߵս־Żʦֱռݵɭ֡
ԼĪһº󣬳ʮϵħ߾Ѿִߵı߾
λݶɭ֮УƬɭħҪ޴
ηħߴĿĺԣǾҪݣþݳЩħԼĿЩ½ʹߣʱûЩ½ʹߵԪ֮壬Ǿ̫˷ѻˡ
ɭУħߵ֯ʽ𲻴ҲɴɣɣСɣɢɵġ˵ͬ㣬ǾħŽᣬ󳬼ͳ磬֮ȴǹϵС
ʵϣ缸Ϊһ壬ÿ߻ħߵϮ󳬼ܹһ¶ԵС
ħԵһ棬ħߵʹȻʮħһ·ߵϳЩħ߼˷ܵķ
ħ磬ģûһˣȴʮˣʮ˻ħٮٮߡ
ڿħĵطҲֻ˫Źߣԣƽһطܹмǧͺܲˡ
ħҪΪǵصײУӵԣǸ֣ħ֮˱ᷢƵĹ硣
ߣҪչһεħսҾҪħսǰþҳһţʱһԪߣϢаš
ʮħפٵĵؽ磬ֻ̽̽鵽ޱ޼ʵħߴȴ̽鲻٣ֻǾһʮֵĹ죬Щħ߾ȻȻ򣬾ȻûͷҵΣע̽飬ƺ;첻ǵĴڡ
ԭЩħ߲ûжٸ飬ΪԼɽɳԵʣ־ݴ½ߣħߣ֮ĲಢܴЩħ߸䣬ֻ΢Ѫһѡ
ĹֶΣѪֶΣΥߣǺɣǺݣһɱ⣡
һ֧һļɣȻἫսʿ֧ħߴȱѪԣһǿͳ˧ԣ֧ӳھѾһʷԵĿԽ
ʮħոԵľ˳ſεıӲҪΪһֳɵ˲ţǾϹپ衣
ڻĹͳ˧ִӵϹپ裬ʱӢ֮
ǰһУϹپǹۿЩħߵʵȵӶɳۿ
Ϲپ輤ˣʿֻԼһҲڵ޵УЩȴʮϣǿȡöô뺷ս
Щħ߾ӱƲϹپ˧ΪֻڵΪ൱ûʵȻΪͳ˧
ֻʾһݣħʹߵŮˣħȻĲҲΥ
Ϲپ˽Щ˵ʵʹִĹƶ֧ħϹپ£ܿһľǱħ߾١
ΪӦħߵĻϹپѡľٻʵǿħߣϹپĲܣܿЩǿħ۷ˡ
Ϲپһǧħһħչսһ˱Ϲپʹøսıʱڱֻʣһǧˡ
˵Ŀɿڴ£ϹپһܹöԷʧأЩսʵʵʵʵ飬õļ¯࣬һǧ˵ʵɸɵԷʣĶˡ
ħ˶ϹپľָӲˣû뵽һͳ˧Դ־˵漣
ħǿΪ𣬶ϹپչֳΪеĳǿߣһǧͬʵħɴʮڼĵˣħ˲ţɽ磬Ǹơ
ҲϹپľסˣĳ˵޼֮ʱָһԪڵսֻ»ǿݶѡ
Ϲپٿ߼ħߵս飬սƻһڴһʮʵߣϹپЩħ߸ʵ˽⣬ܹķӳЩ˵Ǳ
òп֯ӣҲҪһܹһͳݣϹپ裬ֻҪʮ꣬⻹Ϊ̫Եʣ
Щ˺ڵħ߶ѪĳΪ˺ϹپİȫҲ˱ϣ֧ڣǵڵҲӵıˡ
ħʮڵȴƺΥһսͻȻԵԭ򣬲ȴϹپ
ҪĿɵЩħڵߣͬʹҲŹЩ˲ı߽磬Ҫʱȴ
ϹپɸǾö̫СûʲôսԣҪȶʮˣȻһԽԷݻ٣Ҫ˷Դ


796 
ħĽ紦ϹپĹ룬ʮ͵ؽƼʮħȫǡ
һͬʱͷųƣڽ֮ڣ⼸ŵĹ룬ڵʵҪҲ̾ڵˡ
һ˶һˣڵҲвеħߣ˵޷вڵħߡ
ϹپӣȻԼĪǧħΧնԴͶ
һϹˣ㻹һ㣡
֮Уݾǿߣһ֮һ֮ɱʮ֮УӢۼǲӿֵģΪ֮ΪʵĲ࣬ǿԴﵽٱǧϵʵࡣ
ͬȺгһͷǣƾЩȺٶ࣬Ҳֻǡ
һϵ߾ֱһ·ŵһͿȻһ·˲ƶȫӶԷħߡ
ȴ󵨣ȻҼ磬۸𣿡УȻȵ
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ħľûǰǰ̱ӦΣϹپ£ħľѾļɣû˵ðΣ˵
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ϣֻһҵħ߱¶ǰһħߵʵǳޣߵҲոմﵽΪʵǱϵն
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ħǺϷڴˣµĳ˵ȵʮڷԲص
һħʵϻڻҵˣΪʮħСһ֣Ϊ˼ǵǱϹپİš
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ڿʱ̧ͷһһµħϷ
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ߣǴƽ̣ϷȻҪǰ̽һڸǽ˵ǸϿԼȥ磬ƾЩħߣֻǰѰ·
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˵ĺãħƤˣģһոոϵ߿Ц
ƾһ֮ͿԽЩϻȥҵȽֻҪͿɣһҲ˵
Ǹϻȥϻħ磡߿ٸ߷׷׸͡
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Сǣȥ
˵΢΢һ֣·һ˼ͬʱͱһʱƲͬ죬ռϵľƣһضڲ
ɫ䣬û뵽Էô˻һͬʱһԣԼһ̫٣޷ڿͷֵκαˡ
һħ˵ĻҲǾԤݵģˣﲻݣһһͬʱ
սδУ߾Ͳ㱻ħһιȥ϶ԣħ߱ռ˾Եơ
ϷҪǻҷȥɣ
ŭѸٵĲ½ƣ˲·ħߣȻһȭǡ
ڵΪһȭȥǸյһȭ֮˾󲿷ʵ·ħҲأǾʵĲࡣ
Ȼ·ħڻ죬ɲڻôȫ
ݵò񣡡
ղʵƾߵĽưΧʱҲЦųȭˡ
ͬһȭֻǸݶԷȭһȭ


797 
¡һ
΢һȭ֪֮ʵҲǵħڵΪ
ղŵһȭҲֻһʼͷӳȫʵο·ħ߽ѣʵǿ
ԭԲȷħ绹еħħߣЦϵս⿪ʼӡ
ÿɷ΢΢һЦȻȻ뱾ħ뷨ħ㵽ס
аԾȣʱѾ˶ԷڲͬʵҲǵħڣǵħΣ
磬ʵʮˣȴǰδͻƵʱǰﵽ˵ڵʵ׼һηսˢԼ
ʵƺЩδﵽħڵΪϷȰ㻹ǲҪսϷΪã
ڲ¶Էʵǿ󣬷ĶԷʵԼ޷ͨսˢ̽ʵ
ħڣʲôȻЦѾĿЩߣԷĿ˵ġ
ãϷ㵥һս
ѸٵĽ˽ƣȻЩˢ
·ħ΢΢һЦһЦôţħ߶ŷäĿĳݡ
ϣεսҵȻ¼ܹҼ½еӰ񡣡
һİ˵Ҫģ˳ڵ΢΢ͷĬˡ
磬Ϊаڸֹǰרŵ˼¼ʶ¼սʱӰӰ࣬Ȼŷġ
Ȼûнʵ˫ڿдŸַܿʹýƽС
ħڵĸսĲ¿άֳսĽƣΪ˷¼ӰǽƱΪ͸ơ
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ռʮˣȻﵽ˵ħڵΪϷǿһս
һ˵ֻ̽ǵħڵΪ΢΢Щʧ
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вЦԷɴɱԼԼȴĺ棬ϾԷҲǸĸ֣úôԼħʹ߾̫ûˡ
һ˲ƣӳ˵ڵٶȣ˲Ƴֺһȭͷ׼һн֡
뷨̫ˣһѾٵıܿĹȻһط΢Ц
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Цɴ಻ɽҲʹáѪƽȾС
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ΪܣóıϵԶԶͬߣԣҲս˵ȼʵ
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ǿҵ츳ڵħʵϣӦÿԽսģ̫ǿˡа
ȵͬʱиΪʱŷֶԷֻħʶﵽ˵ħڣΪȴǵħڣԷķȴǿĿ£ԼһȭǵڵҲһӵ£ȴ޴󰭵Ľˡ
Щ˷ĽкãħȴĵĹսȻųݵĿ⡣
ٽϷȭԣ
ӳʵĶȭǿڵ߷
ڴʱӿս⣬ڵʵԿԿԷڵʵҪսԣΪڵѾҪﵽħڵļޣʱпͻƣÿԽԷʵɾԼͻơ
Ҳͬӿֳǿҵս⣬ֱֶԼлҪǿʱÿԳû
䣡䣡䣡
ڿбƴȭ¡ڶħڵʵսʱԷȴ𽥵С


798 
д󾪣û뵽ԷħڵʵȻҲ˵Է츳뵽ԣ̷ˣûܹ츳ͿԵսʤһȼĶֶ֣Ρ
ÿһγȭᱻȭɣȴٴӭս粻СǿһǿЩˣԷٶԼڵٶһ޶ϵĲҲôԣԷĻָٶʵ̫̬ˣȻ·ӵ޾
ڼӺЩŭˣΪԷսԼûʲô塣
ɣ
ͻȻɢڵƣ˿ȥݣǿ񱩵ֱӽεˡ
дϲԭԷȻǵڵΪˣֵֵԼһս˵ڵչֱӵиֲս
ٴ˲ƶһȴǵڵٶȣĸûܹ˲ƹ켣ȻΪҲ߱ħڵʶ
䣡
ѾٻսףȻԵħڵʵ¶ԷһȭһȭȷŵҪ屶ֹٶȸ̬
ںһȭûм׷ΪԼһȭ֮öԷɥʧս
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̾ڸղŶԷĹУûеֵƾԷԼԴܹܵķޡ
վκ󣬶پúͷһ𣬲ЩƲס³ѪؿϵĽսҲ˽ȥۼҲļ
ѪȸܣٽޣڵҲ޷ص˺
аţȻٴηؿڵĽսѸٵĻָ
ɣ֣ЩɵˣԼڵ˲һȭԷȻȻֱǶԼʵ衣
ûü˵ʱѾЦղһȭıħȭɣȨ
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һ£Եֻм֮޻֮һֱˣȴһδεĳ־·ħߴΪ
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벻ҲʵħѾôˣȴֵĺܲ
һЦʱƾնǣȻѾɢħڵƣ󾪣ΪħڵҲѶԸҪǵħڵʵԼǲǵ÷أ
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ĸ£ͻ˵ħڵΪӶﵽ˵ħڵʵһתȻСǶȴΪҪ
Ϊħڿʼÿһ磬ʵһԣÿһεԳϡ
ܣħζˣڸ֪ħȻЦ˵Цȴһ
ɢħڵʱڵȴ¶Щ΢Ŀ־塣
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ԭһֱʵǱɵħߣΪħڵΪսʤϷΣȵ˵Ҳ
ʱɢڵʵһ˫ȭͷϺȻɫĹâ
ÿɷ΢΢һЦȻħħ磬ͷܾΪһƷɣԱħʵ
ŭ͵һȭһȭȷŵǿֹ
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ȻǵħڵĽޣȵħڵʵȵ˵Щǿ֮
յħڵɣħڵǽޣʵǿħڵģͬһʵľ硣


799 
辪ȣħ˵ˣѾˣϿ԰ɣ㽫޻ᣡ
ʱſʼչ¶â·ħ鲻Խķ
һֱϣиǿĶ֣ϣܹսʤĶ֣ʱڵȵˣȻŹᡣ
ϷҲǵڵʵϷԱʵսһϵĹεֵӦԣΪ֮ûлˡ
ЦսѾޡ
ǺǣǾչֳǿʵʵ֤ɣɵЦ
֮ܣ
һŭ𴫳͵ĿʼĴزһᣬһͷԼɵĺڿУƱȷǿһ
ߣħߣûĹǺսʤͬȼߵģֻеħڵΪƺѾС
ڿз˸оޱȵǿЩħҲΪһѺ
Ѫ
˵͵Ŀʼ仯ǴһѪɫâס
ǿħķȴǲϷսһܣ
û˵ڿǲǸɱԷΪʹƽȻʹɫ棬ҪͻȻɱԷҲ޿ܡ
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̷Ѿڿһš
һֵʱһ˵ƮݸУÿһγҲ磬ȴԵ÷ǳ׾
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һŭͬʱһֻʺѾĺ󱳣ȵ쵽ĹʱһȴԵЩ̫ˡ

ŭŷһٶȿ쵽£ȴȻо󱳴һʹ㲻ĳǰȥ
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ŭʩӽֹһᣬսĽ֮мһϣž֮˿̽Ŀԡ
ʲôΪʲôϽƣŭʵΪ֮˾޷ۿԼδġ
ΪҪ
ŭѾþû˵ĸоˣ˽ƣԼͿԺޱԷս
Ǹǿĵˣ
ƿʼѸٵ½ΪʹִмУĿǰʵһʹαǼˣʱȻԼһԷս
ֻñͻ类˺һʹָоѾܾûˣղԼУԷԼ
ǳָ֮ƵЧΪ٣Ǽ֮䣬ϵѾ˸߰˰ˡ
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徹Ȼʼˣͬ򽣷ָһ㣬ֻȴָȴһ
ղŵһ˴ʱûָڵѾʼ¶ԷˣԼʹǿľж޷ɱԷֻԼ޷֧ŵѾĴˡ
Ǹ֮ƣ˭Ҳκβ˭뵽ȷʵǵԪ֮Աв˵ģ֪Ԫʱֻ
ģһȫµѾڿɣʱѾȫָҲԶԶʹе
ڿУͬħһ߸ϣȴһֳֽɫɽ͵ָա
ͣ
Ľɫڽ֮УܻôΪĻ
ɫѾɽɫ⵽û뵽ģͷԻȥˣֳǰ裬һŻɫĻҲڿС

ԶľҲܹܵĿֲȶԷļƷɽҪֲаԷôôǿ츳Ĺʵ̫̬ˡ
׼һ㣬һͷ磬һͷŻ棬˵ȴֻڿоۼš
ܹȳ֣Ҹסֱ̬Ĺ
ٴα֮һκ޺ޱ£ȸղŵĸҪǿ˲١
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ҲڻɫƤë֮ѾγһȦɫĹΡ


800 
ѵΪϵͿԵֵҵ湥𣿡Цţƻ潫УܶԷ˲ͻϮ
ȥɣ֮ռ
νȫͷųȻٴչ˲ơ

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һ˲ƣȻԷĻһ֣ϵɫԪҲûܹסķա
ɣ
һȭȴΪԭ򣬾Ȼ²⵽˲ƹ켣
ಣ
˲ޣоԼȭͷţԼޱȵȭ֮£ԷƬ

ЦʱŷǱԭԼѾС벿ֱǻɫˣǻвǱƽ
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ֵʱҪҪΧΪһֻԼסڻճҡ
ԥ֮ʱѾڻ֮⣬˫ַͷŻɫĻ棬תۼ䣬ΧĻǿ˲ֹһ

ΪѾһȭ壬û뵽Ȼл֮
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˴ʱĳ־սУǲܼٻҲòͣĲ÷ֵɫ
쳷˻棬ͱԪԱˣڵԪԱ㣡
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˵ǣӲͷȴ˻ΧͷǾȻڿУԪ֮С
Ȼ̾һһҪɶԷԪ֮壬ȴʧˡ
ڣҲĵĲˣҪɶԷԪ񣬻Ѿʵ
вţǴͷǹڿͻȻתԽתԽ졣
ڿУѸٵ޸ڵȵŶԷʹַֹ
ǰɣôҲ
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ʹֶλָ˰ӣʱҲ쵽㣬ָֻܹȫ塣
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ŭĺû뵽һսûԼԼ˵֮أֱǳ衣
ӣΪӵ𣿳㻹ܹʹ֮
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801 
ߣϷȻ߾ߣҪպǺϷͬھֵ𣿡
ڻ׼ƽơ
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ƴˣҪԪˣԼʧӿܻἫӰʿǲġҶԷˣԼҲ״ȥʱԼٶϵڵĸ֣ûƿˡ
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Ҳ˲͵˲ƶɫĽİ塣
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ȻѰӲ壬ҲƱرԷķɽնϣĺͬء
ƴˣ
ѡǰߣƽƣ
䣡İʱķɽҲѾնͷ­
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ɫĽǿֻһ֮İ㱻նΪء

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аţ˿ҷζԷԪ֮ӽɫķɽ˸ˮйͨ
ˣû뵽Է˾裬Լ޷ӽԷı嶷ȥԿĻԼΪԪ֮ʱڶԷķɽв¡
ܹԪôұ˱壬ıƺԼı츳Ҹе뷨ȴԪԱԪ֮塣
Ĳ³ĿģĳԼԪ֮⣬ûĽ͡
ʱڵĻɫ漸ĴǶԷԪ֮ɣԼҲռݾԵƣΪ޷ָԷԪ֮壬ֱɵѶɻ󣬵ԼڲսеƻͦġԣηԷԪֻ֣֮ЩĿԱ
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㶵ĹĴ֮УԪ˷ܵѰĿꡣ
׼Ϸɰɣ
Ԫ֮ݺݵĳԪ˹ȥ
ѾԪɵ׼ֻҪԷԼƴкβɣԼԪ֮Ҳﵽ˵ħڵΪԼ츳ԷԪѰ·
˵Ԫĵ︽չ뷴սһսȶ˵Ĵ򶷸գһСľͻ᳹׵ʧȥңΪԷһ֡
Ԫں󣬻ɫĻȼγһȻǷֹԪԱԵʡ
ƺԤϣںԷĻʱҲֻһĿģǾɵԷԪ
ԪҲڻУԪֱӽԪ֮帲ǡ
ӺѾԪסȻʹطչɡ
ǹöԷΧԪ֮ģʱʾȵؼʱһ
֮£ͻȻԪʮֹŹ֣ԼʹɹʱȻ޷һ˿һԪ
ҲЩ֣ΪԷûпʼɣ˼ûָԷԪȻûɡ
ôܣΪʲôԪ㵽ʲôˣ
˼κڷԼ޷ɶԷԪžֵʵ
ûаϲԭԼԪ֮廹ô⣬ԷȻ޷ɣôˡ
־˵أȴΧĻɫ裬ĿռСԼԪ֮ѳɫİΧ


802 
Ȼ޷ңǾ͵ɣ
Ԫ֮жˣֱӿʼԪû뵽ЧһṦСԪ

Ԫ֮޷չɵʹǼʱԱĻᶼûУĻġ
ɣ
ս˰죬ͱһӻʱɣԪֱ֮ӽԪ֮Χס
ҴˣҲðյģ츳ҺãͬԪκβ
ֱʱų׹ԷҲԼһԪ񣬶ԼΪĵħڡ
ֻǣʱѾ̫ˣʶģֱޡ
һ΢΢һ£˫һʵԵľâϵıҲԵЩ
ֱƬ̹沿Żָ֮ɫа̾գ˶ԷԪԼ߻ħ
̽Լʵ֣һõĺôܴԼԪȻٴͻеľ磬ﵽ˵ħϵľ磬Ҳħڵħ飩ʶ
ΪĵħΪѾ壬Ҳ˵һսõĺôԼʮϡ
츳ĵָٶȺܿ죬ԼĪֹһ죬ѾָԭʵڵΪӯ
򲻴ܳȵѡȻָʵɵƳ˽ƣȻųڰ֮С
ʱΧѾۼߣƺҲڵȴսĽʱħһѾʼΪĳζڲ֮ء
һϲһħ߻ϲʱЩɫ䡣
Ҳǰʮĸ֣ôܾԷأ֪Ѿﵽʵ߸ɫҰףŵ
ıɣǴһεİͬħһ㡣
ǰģһʵ߳ʵ
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Ļشܸɴ࣬Щ߷׷ײţȴֲòţΪʼղټ׶༪ˡ
ôܣǰԪ֮ҲӳɣҶԷһƶûУʲôʵȻܹɱԪ𣡡
Ǹ૵ҲҪץˣзŭҲп־塣
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ǷƸĳƣƺ޵еħϬɨӶߡ
һڵߣȻʵôҲʤޣ
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Ȼڴʱ˲ˣߴ󾪵£ӰֺȻʧˡ
ߴʧɫŷֿһˣʵǿĵڵߡ
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̫ǿˣȻɱ˵ڵĸ֣Ԫ֮嶼ûӳ˴󾪡
ָϵĺ΢΢һǵڵԪ֮㱻˺С
ʱɹԪȻ̰࣬ΨԪķɣԾȽԪ񵱳ɴ
߷׷׺ˣʱȵȥ򣬱ħὫȫɱ
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һֺĸоƳħóϷǷ׷ݡ
ಣ
ѾصʮǿħػӪ֮УȵѾʵչٶ൱ˣŮðСǡ
Ϲپʱ̲ᵽʵһʱ䣬Ѿôһ£Ҳ˻ʵȼĻ֡
ôˣ뼦ˣǺǣЦ˵
ϹپעԼʧ̬һЦ޵磬ղŵ̫ˣ˼Һأ
ҲȣָϵĲԶ㣡úɣԺҲһᳬڵʵֻʵ⣡
Цȵ̳ɢˣҲ׼رܣ˵ദĻᡣ
λ㣬ǱߣһɣҿɲҶ硣ϹپЦ
΢΢һЦͷǲʱ˽һС͹֮Уһħʹ͸һ
ⷨԱ仯Ϊ⣬ŲķѾ͸ˣİȫԼԣķûʲôá
֮УһʵϣŮһʱദϹپҲõ˵ϿɣƣദĵǺг

ЦŮǰҲˣΪԼҲϷˣʶʱҲġ
ɬһЦǻֵ˽ĻС


803 
࣬ḧĳΪԼûжʱŮҲǱȽεġ
ϹپҲߺԼĹϵ˵װףŮˣȴûչŮϵһ
磬ҲҪǺЦ
ɣҲȷǲǿͬʱסĸŮǺЦŮһţȻⲻ˴Զ
ԼĪʱƤͻȻһ£ʶ˲䳯̽ȥиǰˣһֹһ
Ϲپ̽鵽´Ϣ㱨ɫأΪԼɳ̽ӵ飬󳬼Ѿٶȵǲһ󼴽ִ߾
ɵľӣһҲģΪڣЦ˵ޱȡ
Ϲپ΢ЦĵͷпɲҷɣΪһսǶԼĿ顣
ԼָӵĶͨʿǿҲЩߣڵ֧ӿ֮
ãģҲϹپСЦ
лл㣡ϹپһֱŸмԼôչˣֻԼĲ㿪ġ
סˣЩħľӣҲʮֿأҵĿʵʵͻƣԣɵȥָӣȫûˣҲ㣡ΪҵŮˣʮ˵ҲҪ
ο˲Ƴ˽ƣҲ˲ƶ
󵨵ħߣ˾Ӽ󣬾ͻǼʶʲôζ
һģڿĺȵ߻վˣһɫĸ·ħߡ
߲ԶˣһŮŮ˻һֻ׺
β׺ѹ־죬ԭϴЩˣʱǡɱֻԼᱻЩһ׷ɱ
аţ˹ȥ
ʶɨȥʱķʵԼȻ޷̽ȻʵȻӲԼ̽顣
Ǹ˵꣬Ǹ׺ŮˣһͺͷٶӦôﵽڵΪڣˣ˺ڵΪڵΪΪ
з󣬷Щ߲ƣʵҲǿĿ£ԲöԸ
ñħ⣡ʲôʱҲˣôͰȱñħ𾪵ġ
Цһ仰ʮͬʱһ֪ôһ۱ʶԼ˵ݡ
Ҳ˲Ƶߣʱվߣĵƾˡ
β׺˫ͻȻɳۿ;һֱϤĸоþβ׺һҲˡ
Աߵļ˲ǴҼβ׺д󾪣æڵʥã׷ɱҵ
ôŮӱǡʥáԴ󾪣ϸ̽ϢȷʵмϤ
ôħУôħʹߣŶ꣬ôѾﵽ˵ħڵΪ
ʥáЩ죬Է̵ħʹߵɽС䣬Ǳʥáһ棬ֻѾɽ磬ħʹݣ
ѵ֮ǣͱ죬û˵ưͣ
ЦҪȷ̣ԷɾǴˡ
ʥáɫ䣬ŭʥáãŪˡʥá͵
ڱħһϡáֳ󣬻ˣɽһֱŵ磬㲻ӶˣħΪϵ趪ˣ
Ϳ⡮ʥáˬһǵˣҲˢˡ
ããá
һħͬʱмЦġʥáҪ쭡
ʱ꿪ڵʥáգļһ㣬ʥáҪסˣûڣ㻹ǲҪĺã
ǣʥáסˣ
ʥáæ˵̬ȾȻʮֵĹ
һӣѾֹͣáʱѾϹپ跢Ϣʱ׼ָӾս
Ǹʥá֪ﵽ˵ɵΪôȥˣӦҲǵڣɺڡ
ǵڵΪô˹ô˵һǵڵΪǿ
йǰ֮˿СڵļһʮУп˶ǵΪԼͺӦˡ
ôܹͬʱô֣糬ɵĵ飬ǰʮ˶ְϡ
ЩɻΪĸְǰʮԼǼסӰûıôǰʮһҲԲϺš
磬߶ڸʵʮַ񣬷Ҳڵ֪ħַʱһѻⲢΪжô¸ңΪְǰ
кɻΪ˾ȻûһİϣʵôǿǾ˵һ⣬Щ˾ԲͨߣҪôޣҪô߱һЩݡ


804 
ʥãȻˣô˾ͽǶԸˣɱʧ
һ۵ƤЦⲻЦ˵һҲûн˷
ǣһʧģ
ʥá̹Ļش߼Ѿɢǿս⡣
Ѿһ裬겻ʹߣǸʥáԵλ˹Իܴ
ʥáһеľβ׺Ѿʼ׺ݵҪ˲ưոݡ
ӴС׺þòôͻأǲǿħ̫ˣ
ٺЦ仰Ǿβ׺ֱӱŭವһӡʥáС
һϴɷŮŭĶǾβ׺̬
ʥáȥѵҪɱ
β׺ŭսʵѾﵽ˴˺ڣߣڷŭ£ΪԼѾԷһսʵ
Σ
ʥáǲ³ĴʵٶǵħϣǾβ׺ԶԸġ
β׺ĵķأҪǡʥáȣԼֻѾ˶ԷС
ʹߴˣС׺ɣ鿪ڵ
һۣڲǰոͻƣҲѾﵽ˴˺ڣͬľβ׺һսڲ֮ء
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ÿһսĻᣬǱ˴򵹣ڵ˵Ѫгɳ
ʮ㣬ǰʮɣӵ˫Ǿβ׺ƵζԶ
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β׺ŭѾǵһ֮Ե飬ʵǷǳھȻҲսԼǾ޷̵ġ
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֪һáʥáʧ
β׺˵Ȼವķǰա
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ɣҪС׺ûɱ㣬ҾҪɱ㣡
Ծβ׺һøжûУǱ׷ɱֻöںС
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β׺ЦȴòҴ⣬Ϊʥá˵ԼͬĶ֡
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β׺̻˫Ȳ½ƣȴȫ͸ģ˫˹ս
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ЦĿûǡʥá֡
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˫һν֣֣β׺дϲΪԼռ˾ơ


805 
ٴιϣһ΢ǿ˹ȣڷŵһʵֻӳʵöԷռƣԴУȥûϵβ׺Ȼϵ
β׺һȻûкˣȴˣȻиǡ
ԭʵˣ
β׺ʼƽβͲϵķƽĹ
ˣϵıȴǺܵһҲ˶٣һδλŷɽɱϡ
ҲЩıˣʵȶԷǿ󣬾Ȼʵ֪Ǹβ׺ǲΪԼӮأ
аЦʱʥáɫ΢䣬ȴΪƵ赲Լ޷Ѿβ׺
β׺ԽսԽ£ѾȵڽиȴȻȴʼ޷ش
ಣ
β׺ʹ˲ƣѾɱԷ˼
¶־֮ɫʵƴ׼ȫһ
β׺ʱβĹǰǿ˲ֹһ
˽룬Ϊ̽鵽Է˲ƹ켣׼ˡ
ಣ
ɽһĹâٶڽ״̬µǿһ
ң黹к֣һֲ缸ͬʱžβ׺βնȥ
β׺˲ƵĹ鵲סȻ󾪣ʱȴֶԷĹǿĿ£һ֮£ԼΪжˡ
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һŭҲͬʱԽ˾β׺õķصĵһβϡ

ҵʹþβ׺̲סҽгû뵽ԷԼһβ;Ȼ˽̿
β׺˼壬оβʱȻȰβʱǿϲ٣ܶļҲҪβͲſͬʱһβˣѾʧȥսô⽫Ӱβ׺ʵ
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β׺Цղ˵β;ȻѸٵ޸һ룬ָٶʵ̫ˡ
ЦűˣֱǾβ׺ɵˣûϵԼս֮õ˾ȻǸߡ
ıڿչֳʱƼһ˲䱩ǣӵнʵ̬µƸӴ
β׺ǵЦݽˣԷıʱͻȻĪĿ־С
ԽʵǿޣмҲȫ棬β׺ǿޣʱ飬ֻƵĸо
ӴڿУʮȾȻѾ任ɫצ֮ϳֳɫĹΣһ˫ɫԵʵǿ
Ȼ󳬼֮һ飡
β׺Ժиֳ޵Ӱ죬̾ееĿ־Ȼ
仯ɱɲԷҳģŶԷδĸȥ

β׺սѸٵ½ǲ֪ԷݣҲĵĿ־лһ㣬ӵдм޷ƽΪľȻ󳬼֮һ
ͬΪһȼβ׺ҲΪԼսʤԷʱֻǱܵĶܡ
Ȼ鱾ٶǾβ׺ܶܵģǽɫڿȶһθѾ˾β׺ǰ
ಣ
β׺һٶȿ˲ƵĳޣѾŵûɢֻ˲ƶܡ
ȻŹ֣ȶɫ׷ɱһʹ÷Уһʹ˲ƣȻǶģΪĵûоβ׺˲Ƶ
ս˲仯ħһƴһʿ䡣
ǸâȻҲϳıݣⳬ޿УҲҳ޵Ĵڡ
ܹ磬ôһºպմ󹦡пϲ
β׺Ѿεľأһֱȥǰ취ҶԷûչ˲ƣԼӲǶ֡


806 
ռƣȴҲżȻҲ̵ַĻᡣ
ಣ
˲ˣٶѾ˴˺ڵʵֻһ˲Ʊھβ׺ǰ
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һ˫ĹڿըһƬƬһ鷢ĵڶ
β׺òײǿֵ˶Էһȵڶʱβ׺ֻܹӲͷƤ
˽սȫ֣һȼģԣβ׺Ȼ·磬ǻһս֮ġ
ʥáɫ䣬β׺Լദô꣬˵ĸѾˣڿžβ׺·磬Ȼаż
΢΢Цţȴһֱû뿪ǸΪĸоУʵǶԼвԵһ⡮ʥáȴҲֻܹڵ
β׺ƴȫȴֻһδεˣһṦѾʮѪۣԷƴɱУԶԶϲ϶ԷĹֻܹԽսԽľ
þβ׺ƵǣԷڸղһŪԼһβͣܶʽҪβͲſԷ
ڼƬ̺󣬾β׺βȴ޴
һŹӴǾβ׺³Ԫ֮УþβİڶϿɢָĹʽ
ǿʱбβ׺ΪλֻʣԪ֮»ܹЩʵǿĿ¡
ǰʵҲǿֻܹʣͷǹǵ±仯壬β׺ѾԼ壬ڲ֪ô壬ʵһ㣬Ҫô츳Ҫôǡʥáİ
ҷɾ裬Ψǡʥáʱ֣Ϊ˵㻰޵֮ʤ
β׺ƺҪƴˣһ˫۾ļҪѪ͵ķһͳŭβͬʱӶ
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β׺ŭһпԼʵܹ˶ԷԼĻᡣ
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ھβ׺й鲢ûбâʹ˴зһ֣ڿаڳһֵƣʮһʮȵķ棬Ҳһ˲䣬ĽɫҲѾ֮С
ˣ弸˲ССȭͷС״̬״̬ͬһдС
ķģʽ˶۽磬û뵽߻ܹ̬ʽķҲЩסˣıʵС󣬷ܶѾǿĳȷסȫԶԷġβնͲܶγв
β׺ġβնѾ˲佫ڵλֲ֣ľ顣
žžڶڴʱͻȻʼٵתһβ׺ľ֮һ
β׺мˣԼľβնԪʽĹж޷˶֣ԼܾҪˡ
仯״ɹס˾β׺Ĵм乥β׺ĹûͣٴηġβնΪԷȫڷ״̬£β׺ԷĵĹ
ڸת֮ʱȫķ״̬һ㣬ļֶˣϧԾβ׺ΪһᱻŵĻɢ
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ǽɫС֮ϣмɫС㣬٣ֻǾβ׺û̽
β׺ĹΪƺƾԷȫ״̬£һ˶Է
ԽԽ죬ھֵͻȻðһİââٶȿļ˴˺ڵ˲֮١
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˾β׺һֻ۾þβ׺۵ķ񺿽УȴǲֹͣĹ
βն͵ĳ񹥻ȴ޾ֹٴη롯
Ҳڶ̶̵ʱڣ롯Ѿ̴˾β׺طβ׺ԴΪڿʼ־Ķܡ
ͻȻһĲҽдβ׺ȻԼһֻ۾ȻѾΪ˪ԼҪ޸ʱǱ˪ͻȻֱըѿ
䣡䣡䣡
ըβ׺û뵽Էġ롯ôֲȻԼȫڱը״̬С


807 
չ˹һʼ⽫ЧģǾβ׺ʵʱ徹Ȼٳеǿӷȥ
β׺û뵽ԷȻʱҪȡԼԪ֮壬̱ŵľδڶԷĹѾӽıԵ
䣡
һ촫龹ȻԷǿײһú˱㷢־β׺ǿʧˡ
β׺Ҳͬʱըѿǡ롯ڴ˿̴ﵽ£ڱ˾β׺͵ըѣ֮󣬾Ȼֱӽβ׺ըɱ
Ǿβ׺ǿӸղſԷУʵǿԵֵġ롯ģֻǣ龹Ȼ̵ʱж˾βǿӵϵ

һҽд֮龹ȻǾβ׺סˣʱһɫıâϸֳ
ļתγһδСı⺮ȻǴЩ΢Ľɫ֮Ͻ档
ڰǰָʱԪصβ׺ԪһȻðգȴԻԪķ֮ͬ
ɫıڿУţȻҽȴϵĴβ׺ʱʹʱģȻȫ˱ĵز
Сף
ʥáŭޱȱ˵ĺ֮÷Բǧ
ֳĹâǿŵΣֱ̬ĹȻͬߵԪʵ̫̬ˡ
ȻĿɹֻ»ᱻŵĻȥΪɹȣɷ̬
Сף㣡
ʥáŭʱѾ˷˵Ļ徶ֱǽƳȥ
а׼赲ȴһ˵ˡʥáǰ˾ȻߵһСŮӡ
ǰСŮ߲һ壬ȥСڡʥáǰʱʥáȻ¶һ˿ηɫ
ȥ
СŮ˫âССƺ̲޾
ٺܾ£ɫ΢Щƫ̣˫ۺܴͫΪīɫģϸš
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һɫȹӵŮоЩԵúࡣ
ʥáǿסеŭŮǰҲֻܹ˺Ϊ֪֮ҪԼøǸӡ
ã˵ڷƨǶߵԷ̵
죡
ʥáŭĿԼ޾ҪԪȴ޷ָоҲơ
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һ飬ħһȥˣ˫ʼĵĵȴ
ʱ޵߶ԣ첻ֻת˲֮䣬˵ȴʱڵġԶһ߱չٶȻҪ졣
һȣʮ죬ڽ˱仯
һҫİ׹⴫״ڿʼſβ׺Ԫ֮ȻǿˣʶѾﵽ൱ڵħڵʶһٳΪµһ֣ҲʵҲ˲СĲࡣ
ڿһᣬȻű仯ģϸͻΪʵԵʣʱľޣΧħߣߣ߶þˡ
һ˿̰֮ɫȻʾˣһȴ۵ףд󾪣鴫ؽ֮У
ڴͬʱһʱ䳯ħߵĽ˲ƶȥҲѾ˲ˡ
˲Ƶͬʱдŭ
ҧһʮͬʱȥ˸ղʾΪһᳬޡ顣
ͶˣϧʱȴȻ
黹ûü˵ȴоԼѾ˺УʼİΣ
ʮ˳ʱȴֻһڿУѾʧ
أ
ʵ˫ʱʮѾΧ
ߣΪ㶯˼ħͲ֪ҵģߣ
ȴǲ˲ߣΪԷʮˣим֣ǰ˲ƾǺΣյġ
㲻Ҿɱ㣡
˵гǿɱѾתˡ
ߣקʲôקħͲţɱ˱ħΪһ۾˲ʹǰɣʲô
ԷΪѣʱʹοͿ˵š
ԼĳޣԼŮˣԷҪᣬôܲŭ
ʵһ㣬ֻԼŮ˶ԷˣѾﰵԷģһҪɱˡ


808 
˱ķ֮ʱھܣϾһʮԼȫУʮΪϡ
ӣ
һЦһεĿռͻȻ֣ռƵٶޱȡ
򣡹ȻϣһܾͻᱻʹýƷտռ䡣
˵ʵԼ֮УǸղܹ˻ȥã˲ȥҲֻԶԷʮˡ
һʮ⿴⣬ԣҲһսĻᡣ
ղ֮ûж䣬ʵ澳֮еսԼƴȫδؾͺ޷֮
Ҫǣ֪ʮصħߣʱʮһ𷢶ԿƵԷġγɵĽơ
⡮򡯵ĽǿƾоͷԼ޷Ƴơ
ʮסȴҲŲæʱǸ˺Ķšʥáʥáɱľβ׺ڱһĻᣬ㶯ְɣ
ʥáȻ˽赶ɱˣԼ̽˳ʱɲáʥáܾΪǸ˷ǳǿǲԼҲᴦв£
ʥáʹߴ˷ģͽҵˣ
ʥáԼһˣԼһʵһҪĺԶ
ʱһսʥáҶ˶Ըɣ
һҲͷսƺʮ㣬áʥá΢ԥһ£ȻͷӦ
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һ˿̵Ц⣬ȻԼˣҪȥҲԼ飬Լûɱ⼸ߣȻڻҵġ
ңһǸͺߣʵƺǿ󣬻һǸİСŮǰǿˣҲǸǿĶ֣ʵǸͺߣпǳ⣬ʵǿһ
ʥáĶͬ˲ͬʱ˷ɽɫ£ٴС
аԺЦӦþǶԷʮĶԼûв´ĻӦֻд˺ڵΪȻҲսԼѰ衣
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΢΢ЦȻһҲû˷С
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ûжȵ޽ӽʱͬʱ֣Ȼޱȵļס˶˵ķɽ
û뵽ԷƾָԼסɽھ֮ʱȴдһɰԵ
ֱӶ˶˵ķɽֻһ֮䣬͵ĳ˷ȥ
ڶֻüҽе£ѾӶ˵дԽٶ̫죬˵ȫײķ顣
Ԫ֮屻ץУûʹûɫ棬ƾ躮֮˶˵Ԫ֮塣
б壬ֻܲǻ磬ֻ޻棬ϵֻҪԸ⣬ͬߵľ硣
ʥáûгȣΪʵôĶˣڶԷҲۣԳ˶ԷʵʱʥáҲĿΪԷʵԼлҪǿ
΢ĵͷƺҲ˲ȤȥĶˣֻ̽ʵڻҡ
Ϊʵ˻ΪҲֻǴ˺ڵߣ˭֪ôĵЩԩ


809 
ͣ
еĺʼȻ˵Ԫ֮壬öԷٴΪ츳ȡ
ɵͼ޵ߵԪʲôܶ޵֮˶ܹɴ޵ߵԪԵñȽǿˣֻ츳˵޵߲ſ
ǶԪȣԼһ֮ȴ޶ԣȣԷǻδš
ڶԷĽ֮ڣû˵Ԫ˲ƽ䣬ƾԪԱԵЩ˷ѣϾǶ˺ڵԪ񣬻Ļ㡣
ŶԷԪ֮壬⵹ð˶Щ˼飬ΪԪ֮屾ͺϡˣҪɵ˺ߵԪ񣬿¾ҪķѲʱ䡣
ǰһ˺ߵԪȴҲķʮ֮ãʱͬʱɶ˺ߵԪ񣬰ʱ㣬ҲҪ¡
Ԫ״̬£ţǽǷǳģʥáŭЦöԷޱʵѰ·
Ƕˣȥɱ
ʥáԽСģΪΪûеףԼԸðչʹԼĶͬ顣
ǶΪﵽ˵ɳڣͬʱѾսڵˡ
ȴûиղǶ˺ߵĿʱСĿ

һ˼ɽҲԱţֱӳɵһ
ɳڵΪһȷǴ˺ڵĶˣѾʮֹ״̬Уʥá᲻һмȥ
ȻȴԲͨˣʱ͵ĺˣٶ֮죬ȻɵĶ˵Ĺ
һҲ˹˶ɽĽֶȥȷǶ˵ĹҪǿĶࡣ
Ȼ֮潻֣ǶܣǻŵЦ⣬еԪ֮űɫѤâɴ˿Կɡ
˵ٶԶԶʱҲǵĹжϣҲǵɳڣܴﵽ˵ڵΪ
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ˣһɣһսɣĵҲԼʱ䣡
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ڣѾתʽûɫɣ֮ȴ̽鲻Ѿٶ
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˻ȷʵǶɳڵҲŭųϡ
սԽսΪжˣ»ʤôʵɻһܴߣǻᣬԶҲ˿⡣
Զ˵ķɽֻĺȭ˱㱻ɣʱڵԪѾɵĲˡ
ߣɳڵҲսħǻòͷˣ
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ٴγʱǸһĨаȵЦ⣬˷ȻǶԸ˺Ƕ˵ʽ
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ʱٶȼﵽ˵ڵļ£һ˷ĳȥ
˸˲ƣѾײ˹
䣡
˵ڿоҵײһβûнԷײɷ飬ȴһֱԷײ֮ңһֱɳڵߡ

ҽЦĺˣǵɳڵ߸һѪ߰ߣʧȥ
ȼϽɫ棬Ͻɫ֮У˵Ԫ֮Īû뵽ԷȻɱԼ쳣ǿ
һɳڵƺɵˣšʥáķ˲ƶȥ
ûгû׷һЦȻ㿪ʼɳߵԪ֮塣
ڸղս˲䣬ڵǶ˺ߵԪѾϣоͣûѪܶš
ܹڶԷĸֳǰͻƵڵΪôʹһսֺη
ʥáɴ˫ۣŷеţٶҲֲ̫ˣܹɵɼߣ⼸δš
Ҳһ˿أѣǵˣʵǿŻõֵء
һ㣬֮ж⣬ܹɱɳڵߣܹԪ֮壬ѾӮ˶ʱ
ɣɣҽˣЩˣֹ𣿡
аֻɵɼԪҪʱҪСʱԵЩĿǰǿ¡
ʹ߲Ϊ˼߶ŭ෴ЩĺֵãΪԳʵ


810 
ʥáѾĳֿ־壬ΪսݣԼһֻʣ˶ˣɳڵ߼ƵʱҲֻʣԼܹһսˡ
ڡʥáԼһѾˣȴûжγɰвҲЩˣʹӣȴҲܹԼһ˴
ʹߴˣһʵ̫ǿҿҲĶ֣ʹߴ˴Сӣ
ʥáǫ˵Щ㷲ʹ߱ԼȥսԼҲòӡ
ӴʱʼʥáѾΪΣԼɾԲȥðա
û뵽߻ôСҲգʵȷʵЩŹ֣ξ˶Ը
˳Է̵˵ġʥá΢죬ԳҡҡͷȴҲûз
Ϊ츳ȴ˾ˣе˼ѹָҴħ֮ǰַֻʵǲʹߵ¶Ը
˶Цʱ˿ȻûнǿС
ʼʩֱӽǸɳڵڣڲɫٵɡ
ʹߣħʹߣλߵ˵ԵøһЩ£ʵȴҲôأţԡ
Ҳ΢Ц̬֮䲢η֮ɫһгӡ
·ħ֮˳ݵħʹѾ˶ԷˣǿҲԣħжäĿĳݣΪһʤ
ϹپѾ´ʮħʱֹлЩİΣϾԷЩ˶ԵúǿٴӶԷ̬ϿƺȲʤȯ
΢΢һЦһˣĸߴͷϳһǣһɰԵ֮ƣһ޵еĸо
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ȻԵֵʵһȭڣٽһȭԣϬЦ
ɣ
ȻЦ⣬ղԼҲֻĳʵȻΪ츳ԭʵڶԷ֮ϡ
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ҲսϬһԸ
ϵΪѾʵϬ֮ϣϬԷʹ÷ɽֻȻǰܾ֡
һۣϸһ˫̺ŴĹâȭŷǰȥϬվһ
ϬЩƣΪԼߣͬսȻҲҪͬδ̫ûӡ
ΪͬһǿͬߣϬڱ״̬»ܶԷġ
ô֣ѵ
޾֣еսҲֻԼܹڵߣֺξڵߡ
ʱ˲ɱʵΪۼΪʵԶߣһݵģǲǸһ˲ս
Ϭͬʱվһʱƺܺõĵȴһһô򵥣ǳɱ
ͬΪ߸֣Ϊͬʦֵܣ˫ĬҲԶ
ڶ˵ĿУȴȻŵЦ⣬ƾѹԼǾЩЦˡ
ɣߣ
Ϭĺȵ񱩵޼ж˫ȭսǶԼһ衣
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ʦܣ߼ȻѰ·αȥֻҪǴҵȺθɣ
Ц˫ͻȻȻʵצ
ϬӦдŭȳȭȥЦŸץһצʵϬ֮¡


811 
һжͬΪԷǶߣ˶ΪȫĴ֮С
Ȼڶ˵ֹȴ࣬ˣ̫ȭ
̫õߵսУǴ󷽹ʣĵʵǿκһˣʱ̫ȭ£ֱӽ˵߽֮⡣
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𣡡
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ЦĺаȣһֱնϬı壬ԭϬæĳԱ߷ȥ㲢ã㻯Ľ֮
һ֮䣬ϬԳ޵ʵķɽΪƷɽĽʵϬҽԣ߱Ҳɥʧ

Ϭܺٴη𹥻ͬʱӳʮǿĽڴʱҲˣſڳȥȴһɫĻ档
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аϲһֵϬĹƾɫԼ¶ܵı顣
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ͣ
ŭˣ޴ͷ͵ĳϮȥʹ÷ɽֵʱԭβͳٵĳȥ
ϬһԸϵļ޷죬ΪмƷɽȴò˼ɣ򣬶ߵǿ
һʱ֮Ҳö˺ް취ΪʱΪҪʵԲʹûһϵйûãҪȵ֮Ըǿߡ
˲Ƭ̣ľʾףȴֻֻռ˸ƽ֮ƣʵ΢ռƣȴҲ̫࣬ΪϬĹֶεǲҲЩƣӦ
ԭһʵսѾȵɺˣƾеķɽɺڵҲֵñˡϬǿʵһͿԲķѶͿˡ
Ѱ˼ϴŵЦ⣬ΪԼһĸֻûгӾϿȲʤȯġ


812 
˼սĵĺܿ죬ԱʽսϬ
ʵĲ󣬴ʱǸɳߵԪ֮岹䣬ʵûʲôӰ졣
ȴװľ޴յ룬׼ڹؼʱһɱ
ǣû뵽ǣԼûüС㣬ȴѾһ㡣
ʥáһϸ۲죬Ȼ½أ˿ȻռЩ΢Ϸ磬ȴҲǳ֮¡
ʱ޿ʼڡʥáӿоβ׺֮ĳԷ̣Ϊ⣬ǰ̫߱ĺáʥá޹⡣
ʹߴˣȥһ֮ŵļһ֪ǵ
ʥáӧʱԵľ֮Σ
׼
аϲȻʥáԸ֣Լһ֣ȴҲӦðˡ
ɣ
ħһȺŭˣ˿͸Уǡʥáʱսʵ޳֮

ʥáߵķɽֱһʹ˵ɺڵʵ
ԡʥáʱսϬ֮ϣ̴֮˾Ե֮С
ʥáʱʼˣŹһ㲡Ҫĵ״̬
α
а룬ڡʥáļսԼʵԤϣ˵ڵľһжԼ֮С
Щ˲ǿθˣؼĻˣǲǶԼĿ顣
ݵòĵã
ȵȥֵȴԵЩΪԸãеϬҲǿֵ˵֣ԵЩġ
ߣСӣʥõģǵһʥýԲ㣡
ʥáȣȺķʽƺܺ⣬Ϊζûκεķա
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ǸֲĶ֣ȻʵڵʵҪˣӦҲô򵥵ġ
аԷָ˲٣ߵĶѾӿֳǿս⣬һһһϸ¡
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һȾϷ磬ȴҲʼ˱ȽϴģȴԸġ
Ϭ֮䣬ѾĿϣΪǻԣǿĹǻ棬ԼǡǡһҲĻ湥

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֪Ƚգղűһʱ֮ɫʵаϲȻҽĹԼǻˡ
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徹Ȼڴʱ˲ˣ˶û뵽顣
ʥáʧɫ̼ǿΪû̽鵽˲ƹ켣Ϭû뵽ڴ˿˲ƣΪʹڴˣ˲Ʒǳðա
ǰ˲ƣʹߣֻ籩¶ʵڴʱȽһҲ㡣
һΣʵǽ˲ƣǳ˲ƵĹʹ˱仯֮ڷɽ֮ϡ


813 
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һеǷʤ˲ֱ֮ѰԪ֮塣
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仰õյ޷죬ʱȻĵ
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ʱ˿̣⽣ȴѾȥھǿֲԪԱɽȻⲻòΪ֮档
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815 
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ߣһȴǲԸ⽫ʥáƵ̫ϾǵɺڵߣԪԱֻԼҲˡ


816 
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ݵò˲δ֮ʱǶ֮ʱ
һǷɽ֮ϴȻǸŮӵ
ӵǻ۵Ľ飡
мʣƵ˵ƺʲô˶ˣҪӵн鲢رѣҪӵǻ۵Ľ飬ͷǳǳˡ
ʹߴˣѵĻû
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Ƿɽѣкα죡ʹ߽ɽ
˳ˣһѾ˲Ƶ˷ɽߡ

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˵ʵǿ󣬲ȴҲӲӽŻɫĽ
һˣһڿս
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ЦһҪǡն콣ץС
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ε˻أʱѾ׼һĶս
ɫԪ֮壬һΪҪԪʶĹؼԪ
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Ƭ֮ҲʶһᣬеļѾԪ֮УԪҲʼϳ״


817 
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׳־ڽͬһׯض£ƼҪƽƵ
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Ԫ֮ѣǶ˻ʲôȥɱ
н˾裬ΪԷֻԪ֮壬Ϊ塣
Ƕ߸׼ϣȴԹ˵ҵԪ֮Աأ֪ǲǿԵֵס
ɫ䣬ԭ׼ȥĶҲЩɵˣæǱķ˻
˵ɴ۾ĻǰǶԷԪ֮Աǿֻ˾㲻Ҳˡ
˵仰һһ󵨵뷨ӿͷԼ飬Ԫ֮Ҳ飬ôԼԱˣǲҲأ
ԱЩͬԣȴֵŪˣҪԼԪԱˣǿ˲
һԪԱŵ˶Щԥ⵹ûϵġ
ҲܿգΪļǺܱ̬ԼҲԸðΣսȻɵԪԱ
ʱСͻȻЦһרԷԪ񣬲֪ǷЧ


818 
ɻ껷
ŮȵͻȻֳһ̵Ļ״⡮ɻ껷ȻרԷԪ֮Ķ
һǡɻ껷ѾᵽΣգƾԷʩչԼԪƺҲЩΣˡ
ߣҵԪ֮壬ֻϧһȻ껷ԶԶ
˵ͬʱ˫ִһӵӡԪʩչͨ״̬£˶Щԣ֪Ҫʲôѡ˾䡣
ʩչ󣬿ͻȻһƬɫ·Ϸ
ʲô
ҲַŪĺˣȴĺˣΨֹɱС
˶С˺ȻҲɵ׷˺󣬾Ȼƾʩչ
аϲǸȻ껷޴ǾŮʹԼֻԼпֵܵסϾֻԪ֮ѡ
ɫʼܵԽԽŨŨļҺ壬ҲѸٵС
ڣǽɫԪȫסһĹԪ֮ѸСȻֻʣȭͷС
ЩɫҺ壬ŻɫѪҺ
Ԫ֮徹ȻϥдʣһᣬǽɫҺ忪ʼһ
Ȼ󣬹鷢ˣɫҺ徹Ȼ״ЩҺΧʼ
ַԺڹǻָĸо죬ıУɫѪҺΧѾʼĹǼܡ
һᣬѪҺ֮ϳͷͷ֮⣬ٳֹƤ
̬ٻ崫мһֹʱʹóǼ
Ƭ֮䣬һѵڿռ֮Уǻʵ̬ı塣
ɫսҲڹؼʱ̸ס壬ٲй
ȻԪ֮壬ٻ̬壬һʵǼȲܹģ£ҲԸơ
̬
̲ס
̫̬ˣ
ŮЦ
⻹𣿱̬ļһ
ͺ߿־
ʥáסˣеĿ־Ѿӵÿһ³ĸ֣̬
ʼ磬оϵ壬ͻȻԼѾвеĴﵽ˵ɺڵΪңڵرӯ
ħʹ꣡
·ħٴοʱ·ʮħ΢΢һЦһЦ֪жħ羹ȻĲεеʵٴͻԭеƿ
żǾ޴ģһֿȵľҲ˶ħڴʱĽ
ΪߣҲãħҲգ׷ʵͬʱ׷񾳽ͻƣҲΪʲôе޵ͻȻʵѸٵĸԭڡ
ıȫ·ʮħߣҲ˶ļǿĵˡ
ŮˡȻ껷ΪԷѾԪ⡮ɻ껷ҲʱԵʧȥ֮ء
˭һս
ɽУɺڵƽɢΪղŻǵڵΪڱﵽ˵ɺڣٶȵĪ⡣
ͺŭһ͵ĽȻҲǵڵΪǾŮҲѡƣ屻һɫĹâ֡
ʥáʱҲɢļƣŷɽ֣ȴ΢΢ţһεĿ־塣
˳ưΧʱҲֻǹսҲɢڵʵ
ɢΪͬ״̬УԴˣ޾ɫеսҲʼӿ֡
ʱƺ뵽ʲô˱ӡġն콣ǡն콣˺ӡҪȡءն콣ȴҲԲǰƳ˵ķӡҪķѴ
ն콣ңһ㣡
һһٵ˵Ȼֱˣ׼ʹ÷ɽһս
ҳ츳ˣ˵ĺΧ£㲻ܻʤ
ŵЦʱԼȻûչʵ
ֻǼ˷ɽޱ仯Ϊ壬˸ǿԣҲ֪˱ʵ
ɣҪսսֺξ֮У
һȻһȭˡ
ĺã
ҲЦһһȭֱӶϮȭ
һȭ֮΢΢ȵǣ˾ȻܹԼƴ൱
츳ȻˣʹߵǺ츳
ŵЦ
Ȼûñħʧ
ҲһЦʱѾֹ
䣡
֣ʵĽƺѾ˵ڵĹ
ʥáһܣǣǶ˵ĽȴǱȡʥáĽǿֹ
ĺȭǿֵ˶˷ĽƣҲıˡ
Ȼǽޣ߽ޣ
˺˵ŷΪʲôԷһֱ֣Ȼز¶Լǲˮƽӣʵֵˡ


819 
ȻǸ֣޵߲࣬Ҫ츳˲ſԳΪޣǡöԷ˾ӵ㹻츳
ֻһУ㱻ʮɣǾŮͺ¶ϵЦ⡣
̫ˣԭǶǽޣ
ʥá˷ܵʱѾŵˣԼһʵԽǿԼпܼȥ
ԭʵҲͺ߱ӵ
ôɸ뱾ħһս
̷ʵһ仰ͺ߲һ嶯Ӧ
ɳ嶯ʱֻҪһֻĿģҪܡЦȰ
ͺסеĳ嶯Цʹߴ˷ȰҾ㵥һսˡ
ҪһսĲͺߣǸŮҲս
ʹ߰ǶˣʹߣħʹߣΪҪЩһ뱾ħսأѵĺ֮ģû뱾ħһս
תìͷֱӳʹߣΪǵԷˣߵԸʹߣԼɺܶࡣ
û뵽ǣͺ뾫ŮǽޣȻǶߣ϶иֶΣǱ仯ɱ壬ԼʹѪҲûа취֮⡣
Цʹ߻㣿ѵΪľѾⲻ̽㣡ҪսȻɣ
˱ʵȫޣʱԼʹߵݣͬһ𹥻ħʹߣֻʤ֮䣬ǰˣҪų갡
Ҿ˵õʹߣôһ϶ûأãħһսħ㷢֣ħһսʵ
аϲΪһԼѹСࡣ
ʥáһ޷ݵ⣬ʹԳ˳սԼһ˲𰡣
˵Ʋʵ˱ǡʥáڴʱ߿ҲǡʥáΪʥáԼΪɺڵߣ츳Ҳֻһ㣬ɻΪĵһĿꡣ
ʥáĻͬҲȹʵģʡЩоԸʵǿˡ
ҲҴ⣬ͬߣжӵߵݣԼķɽ֣ʵ֮Ҳ½˲١
Ѫ
һʱʹַΪʹáѪֻûʵ˽սɾԲŰԲȫ·С
ʩչѪսǿ޵ʵҲ˵ȱ١ն콣ֵ֧£ʵǿǶΪһ൱
ǶƺϵʹáѪֻһЦȻ㿪ʼƽ
ʥá˻ȥʱԼҪˣֻǸʹ߾ԲŹԼ
ɱ
ͺŭһɽ֮նڴͬʱǾŮҲһǶն
ʥáĶҲŭɱϾһԼһռƵ£ʥáҲʱͷĿ־塣
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ɱ
˫裬һ񱩵ľӿˣһֵĽУδ·֮С
䣡
䣡
˫ȭգÿһȭƺըˣǶҲȭ޷ռκơ
۵ʵȭʵǶߵκһҪǿһֻ֣ڶֵ£ǴС
Ϊƴģ̬޸ʽҲЩ˲ΪһʵǿһԻ
ɱ
ٴŭսҲ˶˵ս⡣
˫Զıƴʵ⵹ҪĽһʼҪ̽˵ʵźս׼
ҲˣǾԿԻʤ
ͺŭԴԼһġ
ȷʵҲһ㣬ΪķɽУռƣŮҲ͵
ÿɷֻЦĺ˫ȭʱʥáҲΪԼһռƣεҪΪβ׺ѩޣ죬ǿҲӲҵȵķɽ֮¡
ͺߣǾŮ˵ĻǿԽܣΪȷʵǿʵ
ǣʥáҲԼǰ쭣ֲǽޣ츳ҲܲƾʲôԼǰ˵ֻأ
ͺ뾫ŮҲɷһߣǶԡʥáĲм
Ѿʤ֮䣬ʵôġʥáȻ鲻ˬġ
磬߶ıȽأеһҪȻûǰţȴҲȽϿ
ãǶʸ˵ֻ֪ƾʲôڱħǰš
ʱѾߵĲֻܹˣᣬǲġ
һΧ㣬ŵʱǶ˵ĵڽΪټҵĵɺΪѵ𣿹


820 
ʥáСųǵȴԡ
ʵڻϴ⵹ûдʹûע⵽ߵ̬ȡ
ܺãʵҾЩְ࣬ŵģ˵һֱʥáȥ
ȣ
ͺȳȴǺǾŮҲڿͷԮʵȴԵöٻ
˺Ĭһۺ󣬼ͬ뷨ǾǹʥáȥȻԶ˵֮ƴ
ڶ˿ִԽܣһʵǿ߻ֱĳ衣
ͻ⣬Զ˵ͷסʥáˡ
ʥáȲ֪٣Է𹥻ΪƾֿȾϷ硣
ߣ뱨𣬱ħ͸ᣡ
Խƽʥá͵һȭʥáֻþնһ
˵츳źԶʹˡѪʵȻʥǿֻ࣬һȭ֮ʥñоһ޷ƿصĴԼӿ
ʥáһȭѪˣڡʥáǰͱϬԪԱըˣʱϼˣϾûƵֳָ̬ٶȡ
ಣಣ
ͺ뾫ŮĹԵЩ٣ȴ㹥ҲòĶԸ
ĺȭ㻯˶˵һƣȻѹԵĳʥá
ͺ뾫Ůڵһ󣬼ٵĹȻʥáҲԻǳû
ʥáʱƺѾͬ˼־ŭǸʲôΪʲôһ֣ѵ֪ˣҲù
˱ǻٴηмߣͺЦʥáʵ̫ˣҪǹҶˣҶ˻ûأ
ʥáƵʱĵڶιѾ
һֻ̽ԵĹĶ߹ȻˮȻɱʥáĻᡣ
ΪʥáʵȻǺǿ󣬵ԼԸǶ֮ʱ䲻ĹҲǺԼջġ
ʥáٶԶԶʱҪܶûлᣬֻܹ𷴿ٴʹ÷ɽĹ
һȭӳԼļʵһ״̬µĹǡʥáԵֵġ
䣡
޷ǿȭȭֱӴ͸˽赲Ȼӿˡʥáϡ
ʥá󾪣ɫս֮ӿɫķâȭֱӺâ֮ϡ

ĲҽʥáûϵȭǿǰɫâȫɢˣʥáǰҲѾȭİݽȥ
ͺ뾫ŮĹȴͻȻ˲ʧˡ
˲ʧͺǾŮȴǴʧɫΪǾ˲ƣǷָ޷̽˲ƹ켣
ʥá޴̽鵽˲ƹὣǰٴӿְɫ֣еѪȴ̲סڿС
ˣ
ʱʥáѾˣս½˼һ˲ζʲôζ
ಣ
ٴγʱȻˡʥá֮ڡ

ʥáͷʱԼЦЦаȡ
ͺ뾫ŮβҷˮˣΪ˲ٶʵ̫죬˱ûɱʥáŸܹӻʤϣ

˵áʥáŸôľ£ʹ˲Ҳ޷ߡ
ͬһȭ
ٴ˲Ƶĺȭͷ֮ڵ˲ƣͺ뾫ŮȫٸϵʱҲȲˡʥá
ٶȣʵˡʥáһôľ룬ʥáֻһ洵СĪһʹ
ιȵĳڡʥáǰȻаȵЦ⣬ʥáϵİɫȴѾ״ݻ١
ʥáСһ޴ѪѾ˸Դﾡһȭ֮С
ЦȴЩˣԼһصĴ
ʥáӿֳѪһٵĶߣͻȻһĨ֮ɫ
ģҪԪԱôͻȻ
а̾һʱչ˲ƣһε˲Ʊȷŵ˲ٶȸӿһֹ
ͬʱںСԪԱ
ں仰֮ǰҲѾ˲ƵԵͺ뾫Ůȴֹסԭе˲֮
ղɱһʵȡʥáԪ֮壬ֻϧʥáԪ֮徹Ȼڵ֮У򣬸ղһĻͲ屻ɱôˡ
ʥáҲʧȥģʱ򣬾ԼԪܹӹһ٣˭ܹ֤֮󲻻ᱻɡ
һŨҵĺáʥáֱѡԪԱһ˫ԼǶȵͬھ
뷨ãȴ棡


821 
εҲԪ֮ԱܹĵģǶҲͨˣ˲;ı˲ƣһо͹֡ʥá̫ԴˣԪԱҲ޷ɵɱڵκһˡ
¡
ʥáҷ𣬶ǿֲԪԱ򲨼ռơ
һΣʥáǵɺڵԪ֮壬ըֱ֮ը˲õؿռơ
˲֮Ѿñ仯֮СԼԪԱӰ졣
һ˲䣬ҲǸʩչֶʥáԪԱ
ڡʥáԪԱҲͻȻԣǧһ֮ʣҲֻǱܵķ
÷
ϹپǡʥáŭĺбѾ´ҲʮħԱаȻ
ʮͬʱʩչƣ֮ӴֱӵǡʥáԪԱ
οʥáԪԱƳеĽƣȵ·ħ֮ʱҲʮֹ
ƱȽϽֱӱˣαըನʧȥ塣
Ƭ֮ǿеİŽɢʱеȫʧˡ
Ѿ䵽ħһӯɫѪҺڸղŵԪԱУʩչ˱仯֮ȻըˣԭԪ֮Ҳܵ˲ˣս
ϸһ̵սףԷŭȴκ˵ļ
ŮѾ˵һžľ֮ϣİѾԱбըûˣմɫҺ壬㱾ͬѪҺһ㣬ԪҲǴС
ڣôɫˣҪָʵҪķʱ䣬˵ŮѾûһս֮
ǸͺͷߣʱȻԭΣǱˤڵϡ
ı徹Ȼһֻͺյķߣʱһ죬ϵë׷䣬ȻҲǾŮ֮¡
֮ûгû׷ɱˣʵΪǶԪԱΣյĴڡ
ΣˣȻڡʥáԪԱûˣ˵ʵǿǿѾԽڵΪ
˵ֻµħڵΪʵԽڣ½ͻƵģֻʵ½أ
а뵽һֿܣԼӦþԵСģΪ׶εʵ಻Ǻܴ󣬵ǵڵĲǾͿ϶ܾ޴
Ҳ˵ڵĲʲô̶ȣԷĴﵽڵΪԼĶ֡
ʱ׷˳û͵ϮǶ˵ߣ˲ƽʮħɵĽ֮С
ʱϹپ£ԭеһħҲ׷׹ӣʮħȫһӴĽơ
ͽɴڵħ߹ͬɵģһҪ˭ҪЩͬʱ򿪽ƵСڣ½ġ
뵽ʮħĽ֮кһһ뵽˾Ȼ˿ֲʵҲɺ²ѡ
Ѿ̫װˣǸʥáԪԱһûĿ֮һʼֻ֣һᱻֱɱ
кµ
ǿҵıը˸ɽٵˣʱһ˴ӿ֣·˶ʱҲһ
йΥ˾ݹ涨֪
ߵֱ棬ȴΪ˵ʵ̫ˣȻֻеڵΪֻĸоѡ
ȻħǸʹֻеħڵΪʹҲǿȥԣ
ħ߲ȴòӣһֻۣ˵бʹڣ£
˴ŭڿ˺ɫ䣬ȻĹֵԭڴˣСľͲˣǣ
ڶߣһȻӡ֤뷨Ǹʵܲôء
ǣҲ˵ʵǿһ磬ܹƺԷΪ˵˫ʵ֮
ߺֻŶʮħв֪ʲô
ʱߵĵһѾϵ˴ԼĪ֮ࡣ
μʹߴˣ
ͬʱֻİڰ֣˷׷׵л
˭Ǹˣ˵
ϵ˵ƺҲԼʵ
һڵ㷲ǰݣ˼䡣
ʲôѵǶսߣѵսħʮ˵֮в²˵˼
ħߣţȴʲôʱϹپѾ˴Էһս׼
ЩʹߵҪʲôóƺ˼ʲôþöһԲ
ҲĬȻʱϵۣ߳ƺΪ⼸ˣȻͬѩƵģҲԽԽࡣ


822 
ħս߰ĵȴϹپŶЩһɢɳߣ޾ǵļᡣ
ϹپԣԷԼ֮һս飬ԽԽãʮ֮УϹپҲаʾ֮һս
ҲżΪʱӦ䣬ԷǸôԼ취Ӧԡ
ҲûȫΪԷǸпܴﵽʵˣ뷨ֻա
ʮħȻǿûŵսΪս
ãͻȻ¶һĨصЦ⣬Ȼ΢Цʵħʹߣ֪˴ΪҪַ磿
΢΢ԵЩȻû뵽ԷþȻʳ⣬ʼʱʹƵ⡣
Щûԭģħʵǿ۸һ磬кβɣ
ҲЦ˵
ͻȻЦЦգſڵѵ½ԼħսδչħսѰ·ΪѵħԴҪԶԿɽ𣿱ʹ߷Ȱ㻹ǱƻصĺãǶ˻ɸΪ񲯣һ֣գ
֪ħսľԼĿأȻǽҾݣһһһԪڵ롣
ĸ磬һԪγв˵ɣһԪڶ綼γвԣνħսıҲһԪڣԲ³ġ
Բӣѵ˽ħߵʵǿߵ£ħȻʵǿΪβַ磿ħսʱɽ֣ħ޾壡ħеûȥȾƣ
̬ĻشλңɽֶԿħ磬ҲԼ顣
һᣬͻȻЦʹһӣ˱Σ
ӲֵǮб¾һսαذħأ
ЦʮħҲͬʱЦЩҧгݡ
ǰɣװɣ׳ǳޣұ㲻ƽϣԲħ֮սô°ɣ
˲ƽ˵¶صЦ⡣
ԽЩ׽͸ôԼ̬ͻȻתѵֻҪõ𣿻ߣ£Լ
ǲأðɣħǾԲῼǵģôžôŰɣ㻮ʲôӣħˡ
ϵ˵ϵѾָ߰˰ˣҲٹƬ̣ƾܹȫ
ƲԳԷƣߣʹ߸ĻᣬȴúϧˣȻħȲԼǱʹҲ޻˵
˷ȷ黹죬˲ĲȻŭЩԺ˵ԸΪ˹졣
ಣ
ϸߵĿУЦ·ʮħߣʱͻȻӶ˫䣬ȻΧĿռ˱仯
򣡡
Ц˵ĸ֣ȴˣԭղǹʱ䣬Դʩչ򡯡
Ȼ֮ףȴΪԷġ򡯴ʱĸʮħõĽơ
ԭħ˲䲼ɣҪʮħֵĽưΧУȻҪʱɡ
Ͱʩչħ򡯣ΧѾʶ֣ʱʩչͨ˸еĽơ
ռ˺ѵ𣬼һ˲䣬ǰĳʼ仯ˣʮħֲõĽȻڡ
̫̬ʵˣġ򡯾ȻǿֱӽʮħתƵ֮УҪǿͨ
ʵ̫߹ˣƶʮħߵĽƣʮħΧ¡򡯣ȫͬĸ
ܿ죬㷢ԼˣԭΧĻûиı䣬ֻȫġ֮С
˲ꡮ򡯵ĳǿƺ¶εĵЦ⡣
ڡ򡯵£ڿԲҪйˣֻҪɱʮħߣû֪ԼΪ
ಣ
ߵĿУһīɫķɽš
īɫɽʱ˵Ҳڱǵľ磬ħ߶һ㶣Ϊ̫ǿˣȻӰ쵽ڵˡ
ֵ
˵ĸ֣Ŀһ˿ǣϹپ̴ȥһʱ䣬ʮħ߼ͬʱжһʱ׼ӹ̽ơ
ʮΣʹһƳǵĽƣڣ֪ʲôгְɣ
˴ʱڽɢʵ˫սͬҲޣɢΪԳ˵ڡ
ƣ
͵һնʮĽ֮ϣһƺܻʵ򲢲
һ֮ħ򡯵Ŀռ俪ʼˣҲӰ쵽ʮħõĽơ
Ǳī̵ķɽʱնʱͬҪһ㣬ǿֲĽҲĿɿڴĳʯ״


823 

ŭһʮħҲͬʱʹԵħעڽ֮ϡ
ʮħֲõĽȷʵǿ󣬵ǣȴһ޴棬ĳʮħߵȫ
ֻնһ˵һߣҲ˵һ㣬֮˸һ㡣
䣡
ɳâݺݵնʮħ߲õԲνϡ
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һضɽҡĸо֮УƾȻڶʱھҵһǧħ߷׷ױѪˣҲԵЩҡ
ھҵҡΣϹپ󾪣æӹ̽ƣһȴС
գԭãˣһʵôôǿһɱ˰ɣȫһҲֻܹǿʮħɵĽơ
ԭȵĽҲ̫ñʹʧˡ֪ģƾһҲս磬ЦЦ
˲ЦȴǾƵļ̣ԼһȻûƳЦպٴξɽ׼һֹ
Щˣû뵽˵ʵ̬һûзӳȫʵ
ãҲַҲԵֵԷǶġڣʱһƱƳʮħʲôȥԿʱҲѱɣ
зٵ뵽æ߼˾ۼһ٣ԼʱԾȫˣʮħߣǾֻܹรˣ
ڶһֹʵ޻һԾʵնµһ
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ʮ˾ͬһ㣬ֲһ£ٴξһζһΣһͬʱˣȫǱԷĳǿʵ˵ġ
ϹپѸٵָӲӵλãΪֱ˵ľţܵѹϼˣֻ֧Ҳȫû
ʵѣ֪ʱкθ룿ַ磿ƾʲôޣƾʲô˾㻹ûƾ֤ڣʹ߾ƣȻɱǣ
˵һ仰ħ߻ôǿĹѵʵʮʵγܵס
ԣб¾ɱǣѿ֮к壡
ѾԷ뷨ˣЩ죬ԷûԴǺԼ棡
ԣ͸ûսΪӵǿľʵҲһʼ֪Ľˡ
ŶǾͽҵɣ
ǰֱȷʵֻԻԷΪʵǱʶĽԼʵ϶ΪڣԲŻ־ȱ顣
Ȼ˶ԣһϷһöԷȻСʤϷϷյս߽Լ
ǷɽâѾɷΧڣһƲǰ޴ʵȴȫһ¡
Сģ
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һΣһħˣбϵļǧˣֱӱɱһ֡
һ󾪺밧˱ˣǱܵķȻеħ񡪡
һ֮˾ˣ
ʱҲѾд˵ʵ̫̬һʵѾ˽ƣȥħȫǱɱ
һħˣħһʿ׹ȡ
˶ԼҲΣʱ˿Լ㡣
ڽһڶ壬ڰ˾˺󣬵ģߣھţʮŶϣ
ϹپûзӸ£´Ҳ֪Щ޲ȴʤޡ
ħߣʹǵȫýƣһΣħһŬ
Ϲپľжʱηǰ׼߾ȫķסơ
ЦţղѾ˶ԷĽƣȻֻһ˲Ĺ˲ûгУΪԾʵ״ݻٽơ
Ϲپָ£˲²ϣʱļ룬ħһʿٴƵǰǿ
ҲЩջˣղŵһԼ״̬µǿһȻûȫݻЩΪͼħߡ
֮£˵Ҳ½˲٣ʱħĴҲһ˿֮
ڱʹ߾ʵ£ȵķעֻͽ͵ģһħͻ᳹״ݻǵĽƣȻһɱǣ
˿ŵ˵ٴξīɫɽһΣħߵĽƵľˡ
ӭսҲߣɱ⣡
һڽǰϹپҲڰʿ
˧ļ£ħһĺ죬ЩƲصħҲ׷׽עڽ֮С
һ˿ӣһն£ҪĿǽ֮е

ȫϵĽս׷ҫ۵Ĺâȫޱʩչڽ֮С


824 
ǵסԼ˶Ϊ˴ڶԷġħ֮С
ԣŻޱڵȫ˽֮С
䣡
ìܵײì̴ܣǶܷסì
ǿײħɵĽҡҡ׹һȴǿס˶Էķɽ
ͣ
һڽɫѪȻѪֻԵĳϷȥ
֮Էס˵ĽùûǰܵҲʱҲΪ档
ˣ
ܹѪƣʵѾζˣĻָٶȺ֮죬ֻҪԷɱԪҪָҲֻʱ⡣
ôܣȻûƵƣ
ʵȻ˵ЦζΣƴȫҲֵʹɵһһ㻹ܹס𣿡
ʿɱ裡Сǣһ˲䣬ҪҪ汾ħһսɣ
ӦˣԴʿ
ʿɱ裡
ʮħŭٴαǣ˵ǰֻΪ˷סƶսôļ£ʱΪսΪսս
λҪ͵ƴ׼𣿡
ٴκ
׼ˣ
ħŭ
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ǰһУоԼҪƲԷĽƣʵ̫ûˡ
ԼƶϷԼǾԵǣô߷ͷ
ãǺǿǣʹ߽֤ǿľԶԶģ
˵ͣٴηɽơ
аãԼһʿһʱ䣬ϾԼƻûָϣɶԷĹѾˡ
ƴˣ
ƴȫͬʱħߺγǷΪ
һ֮ɫķˣû뵽Լ˴ȻûħɵĽơ
ӣص⣡
˴ʱ˵ˣɵʱ̣ٴһ
˴ʱֻʣˣԸչֱ壬ֵˣչֱԵ̫ˡ
˵ΪʵѾﵽڣǻҪ仯ɱԸʵֻΪħڵˣβǳ衣
ǿĲСǿٴηϽǰأΪס˵ļֹħһʿ
ʱ֮˾Ȼо˵֮⣬߰Ĵڷķŭ֮С
ԭǱèץ̬ԸʮħߣʮֲõĽƣȴ룬Դս֮ǽƾȻһ¼ù
񹥻˰ʱǽȻڣô˶ŭ
ʱʮħߣ˱ǿʵѪȴ޷ֹս⡣
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ʮħ߽߾ȫкü㣬һȻ˳ǿʵľʵǰħ߶ףڣƣ
ǰħȻѡΪ˽ԸˣȻּӹ̽Ƶԭ֮һ
ڶ㣬ϹپĳǿָȻǼӹ̽ƣϹپȻãһתԱתⶼȡϹپá
˧ƿص£ħٻмսΪ˱Ϲپ裬ûвμսֻǽ߾ȫסϹá
㣬ǿԼáΪħʹߣȻģôʱ£ħѾ䡣
ڴʱһֱڵһߣֱ˵ǿƣǸ˴޾
ڵǳ֮Ἰһ̲ͣ޸ƣ֪³˶ɫѪҺȻѪҺ󶼷塣
ˣԪͬҲܵشĿǰĴħߵҲò˶٣Ͼʵǿ޸Ҳǿ֮£˵أʵϻָٶҲ졣
ʵɶ񣡡
ƺڵ½һֹ
ʮħΪƵԵʣ֧ŵĽҲǰС˺ܶ࣬˫ʵ½Զҡҡ׹ȴֺѱһٻơ
Ѿӵˣ˷ּȥԼ⣬Ȼ޷ơ
ʹ߽һҪȫ
ÿ˵ĶĤ
ħʿ΢΢һйͻᴵղŲ˵һǵĽԼĻ޷֣кʸ˵ȫ
ֵܽǣֵʤһǣÿһˣ
ȭһʱ䣬˵սٴαȼ
ݣ

ݣ
ʮͬȵ֮ǿͿ᧿Σ֮С
ƺѾˣԼҪˣֻ󲻼򵥣ԼҲֻè


825 
ã죬ʹ߾Ǽʶʲôгޣ
Ѿץˣŭ֮ͻȻ仯ɱ塣
ڵһˣ
аʱһĵĵӡ
ʮħڵ״ֻ̬ҪԷʵܹһôƱɣϾ־ֻʵ಻²á˫ʵ̫־ǿкô
໣
һֻӴɫ޳ǰⳬ޻ëһ˫۾ֲű̵Ĺâ
ĿĪ˶ͷ­ͷ­֮ϣѪڸ˸оˣѪ֮һԼɵĵͷŷޱȣһŷɽѪ֮С
໣
˼ŭϵĻۣƱ״̬µֹһ
ˣ
д֪ƱȻᱻƣʮħߵİΣҲͰˣҪ࣬˶С
λڶԷġħ֮УԼܽ˲ƽ䡣
һֻҪԷƵƣеĺҲҶ롣
ȫħҪҪڴһ٣Ҳң
ŭʱȫһƴָʱ
ɱ
еʵ״̬·ħҲʶŨŨΣУ׷׸ŭɱ
ħܶԱħľ䣬ʱѾƸۣסζ
ʮƴﵽ壬òмʮħߵĽơ
ȽƱƣñʹһ׳ٰɣ
ЦȻ׼Ƴˡ
˻Ϊ޴ĳޣʵڵ޻ҪǿڱʵսѾﵽڵʵǰ̬˲ֻʵǿ
뵽½߻ô̬ʵ򣬾Բʮħɨ硣
ĳֽսڵʵȻԶԶΪ˫һȼΣʵĲ츳޷ֲġ
˵ľУ˵ı徹ȻŽ෴ķȥٶ֮죬˾˲ʧˡ
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սḻѾԷʲôʽƳˡ
ǿĳޣʱȻǿײƣֹҲ̫̬ˡ
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Ȼ˵ıʧһʱͻȻٳƳ
䣡
һײֻԪ类صײһ£ʧȥʶˡ
Ѫ˲ȾƬգΪ󲿷ħʹħѪҺɰ죬ɺɫѪҺ
ˣ
ƾ˱һײ֮кˣ֮Уȴĵ֮С
ͬʱѪϹپһͱǿײξȼƴ໤ֻϹپѾΪһ߱ʬ
ʮħߣʱԼĪ֮һ˱ȥȻֱˤ档
˼ӿеĳ׳ۣͺñʹһ㣬о󲿷Ϊ״̬
ԼĪ֮һµ棬֮һ˲ܹǿڿάסΣȥѾҵĲӡ
ǰ棬ֱԷƳƵԪ񶼲㱻ιȥ֪³˶Ѫ
ȶȥɣ
˵ı˷ܵĿһѪ͵һȻʮħ߱˿С

˵ıڿпЦţÿһγ涼̵ʮħߣһԿײħߡ
ʵĿ£ͺñȾżһȺмһ㣬£ż߿һȺмߡ
ŷ˵ĿƺΪʮħ߶ģȻֱӽħߵͬԪһɡ
ɺʣļħ߾ʧǣȴֺް취
ħ߿ʼܣȴǶԸġħ򡯣ܹδӣ
ڹƽƺ˽Сˡħ򡯵Ŀռ䣬˸·ӡ
ҲҪԱù
һħ߷ŭųˣȻԪԱ
˵ı弸޼ɵħߵԪԱɵ˺ûСһħҲ׾ˣԪԱ޷˺ʲô취أ
׸ô죡
д󾪣ʱôˣߣ
ֻһˣģ˺ͶԷλǴ˿̣˶ڽ֮ڣ޷ʹá
˵ıԼĪǧħߺֹͣɣϾǿɵٶȻ޷ᲢۣܹһôͼħߣѾﵽļʵˡ
ڿʹûɱǣ
˵ıͻȻ˵ѪڿǺˡ
һΣյ뷨˵֮Уϸһ룬ԼƺҾڣֻҲ޷γв


826 
ಣ
˵ȥΣ뷨ȥһԣȴԶ֪Ρ
ʱʹַǳֶ⣬Ѿ֪ζԸ˵ıˣԲŻʹַǳðյķ
Ϸʵųʱڿʼ˲ˡ
˲ƣӳȫʵٶԶɺڵٶȡ
Ȼ˵ı̱սѪڣͷ­ͻȻ䳯ԶĿײȥ
䣡
˲֮б˵ıײΣܹһײʮħϽƵһʱܹܵ
¡
ڶԷһײлΪ촷ۣʵϣǴԶַֻԪ޷ѡ
ɫԪ֮ײԶڻǱԷײݻ١
٣
һ١֣ʱȫû뵽ʵµ˵ʵ˿ֱֲײԼײлˣٽ嶼ûüɡ
£Ҫ壬úķѲٵԣ쳣ŭ
츳Ҳ쳣̬һɺڵ߱ײһ£ԪҲܻ˾ʵɱ
һ
˵ıЦʵܹԼһӳԪе졣
ħ߼Ҫץһ޵еĴڣħʹҲ޷Կǿ󹥻£ħӲӮƺʣµĽ֡
һ»ޱȣħ߷׷ѡԱԪһħ˸ǲޱȣ˵ıЦź˵ռһǡ
ֹԱֹԱ
Ϲپڴʱȴʧȥ˾ԵԼЩħԱ㻺˲١
Ԫ˵ĶԽǣʱʹùٻ̬ı塣
㿴ʲô
ͻȻſлӳһצն콣ڿУȴǱӡˡ
ܹܵն콣Լˣңߣ㲻Ķ֡
ͬʱķȥһ԰ȫһЩ
ȸշɹд󾪣ΪöԷԼ˵ĹϵԼ㡣ԷҪǶԸԼԼƺֻ޲ߡ
ѵʱ̣ҲӾ㡣
ָоõ۶޷ݣգһ£ƺʲô󼱡
ȣа취ʵΪȺôҲյս˵ܹ취
ҲżֻҡͷҾа취ûʵа취ҲûãھʵǰʵϺް취
磬һƴˣսȻʱƺֻƴˡ
ҡͷҪ嶯ԣԸͶ
˴󾪣ʱѾ¶˾ģΪ˱ȫˣͶǵѡ
ʹߣԸͶ
˵ⷬʱ˶ˣҲһ㶣ȻǷĴЦ
ղŲͶڴ򲻹˾Ͷôõ飡
˲мЦ
ǰһս֮ΪҪͶڣȻ򲻹㣬ѡͶкβף
Ȼ˵ȴǷǳܣͶĴʻԼϺٳ֣ǽȴǱⲻˡ
Ϲپ´˼ʣϳɾӣȻ˺Ϊһ
˶˼ۣЦѡͶʹҲǲԽܣΪ˱ĳ⣬ȽǸ޸ɣ
ԼѡͶĿıǱŮֵܣҪԼ飬벻Ͷк
磬ԲܴӦҪԸһս
˵ȴû˵Ϊ֪ǾԲύġ
ΨпЦȻ˵ҿԽܣҲôӦһ
ʲôƺЩ档
ȷǣҲŽޣ
ʱ͵侲ԷѰҶԼһ
ŶҪͦ򵥵
˹Ц
ȵаϲʱȴ˼˵ҪҷôˣȷʵЩѰ찡ɣҸʮ˵ѡʮˣȷǣ
Ĭˣ˼ŶԷ⣬ԶԷʵʱѾƿȫֵĵزԸԼʮǵȻܺãǣҲóܾ޴ķա
磬ӦɣţȰ
磬Ҿһ˻ʮˣֵõģ٣ĿĲҪɱ顣Ҳڵȴʵ˼ȽԼʮ˾ȳȻ취顣
˷׷׳ȰȻȴӦȻϹپȴǿڵ磬ҾòܴӦСթò
ߣʹһԾŶƭЩʵͼļһ
ƺˣһϹپ裬Ҳ̾ǹˡ


827 
ȵҲǴ֮ʱıһЩȴû뵽һԷ˵Ļô죿
Ϲپȴǵһ㣬ԲСĶԷ
һޱȼѵľ񣬲ʱƺûѡأܶԷ᲻Լһԡ
ȴڻش𣬳ŶԷȴ֮ٻ౾壬ԼĪʮӣٻα塣
ƵǣԼʵȻˣԭɺڵΪڷ˻ΪˣԭԼı屻ɱʵҲǻ˻ġ
ԪڸղӵıȽϿ죬ҪԪҲɱˣǾζˡ
ƺҲ̽ʵ˲¶һĨЦ⡣
ǵôˣ
˳Ÿղŵʱ䣬ѾЩڵħһ룬ʧҲԲ˲١
ҴӦҪȷ˰ɣ
ʮˣȻڣʵǿħߡ
ܺãǹʹʩչǳȥ˵ıЦЦݸĻὫʮͳȥ
ûа취Ҳֻܹһˣ
ʮһ˳˷ȥǰʮɴͣҲУĿȻΪ˱ˣֹͻɱ֡
ʮ𣿹
˵ͬʱͻȻһצӳһ˹ȥٶ֮죬˸ܡ
䣡
һɱ
˵ıǿһ֮ɱһħڵħߡ

ŭ˳ˣȴЦ
ߣ㾹Ȼ޳ܣ˵Ļͬƨһ㣡㻹˼ԳΪʹ𣿡
ջ˵к²ѣղǱɱԼŮ˻ֵܣֻԼҲ
ھʵǰǷǳΣʱ˺ǳ⣬ҲѾû취ʩչԼʵ˲ˣɽҲԷߣʲôʱԷһϸ¡
ڣʹѾƿǵȽף̫ˣʹ۾ָʹҪ˭˭͵ܺãʹѾ֪˶ҪЩˣڣʹ߾һһɱǣܵʲôʹ࣡˼
˿Цʵ綯ɱ⣬Ϊ츳ǽ첻ɱѱԺ󲻻Լ
Ȼ˾ԻὫһɱΪгޣǰɱԼ͵òˡ
Ӻƴˣ
ŭţǿҵս£ҲٵٴʹáѪҲﵽ˵ɺڵʵ
ȵҲ׷׼սʱ𱣻Ϲپ裬Ϊʵʵ̫ˡ
޷ıȡʤ£ҲЩ嶯ˣ֪˵Ķ֣ȴȻ˹ȥ
磬Сģ
˷׷׵ǵȵ˵ûгϣΪȥҲ޲˫ʵ̫ˡ

˵ıЦͻȻڿһʮȵתɫβֱӳȥ
˫ȭͬʱʱ˿ֻܹƴȫԷβȴͻȻɢǿĽȻͬɽһ㡣
β͵״ȻΪɽңնʱ˵Ŀֲ֮ǰɱԼֻԼĿǰʵҲֻƾ׸
䣡
˫ȭϽͬߵķݰ㱻ɡ
Ĳ࣬һȻ˵Ķֻ֣ɵķ̾ɱ
һˣ֮أǳָ֮ҲҪһʱ䡣
ӽ翪ʼȻѿ飬ȴûĸоһ޷⡣
㲻ǱʹߵĶ֣Ǿֻܹűʹɱˡ
һ׹⣬ͻȻչ˲ơ
Ҫ
ʧɫȵ˳ȥ

һҽУһħڵħѾɱδĶˡ
ʱѾȵ˱ǣһɫĹ⣬â˵Ĺ
ָоֲ̫ˣǼʶġսҲЩˣԼʵǿȴҲûϷŪˡ
ڼϣΧЩħҲĿɿڴΪ˵ʵ̫ǿˣҲ
Ҿ㣬ǶˣҷһŹ㣡һὫɱҧгݵĺʱͻȻʦ͸Լ
ǴŲ̵Ц⣬Ӵٴ˲ƣץѣԺʦԼľ
ΪΣʱһȵĻᣬǰ޷ƿص飬ƣȻʦĶ
ۣۣۣ
Ϊ̵ܹ֪ԼʱϢһԽȫõ֮УʱҲȻϴڡ


828 
ȻᣬȻһõҲ˵żʲô̶ȡ
ڴڶԷġ֮УҲȷǷЧ
һ㣬ʦʵ״ﵽʲô̶ȣȫ֪ÿһͻƶΪԽӣȴÿһͻƺиӵǿԴʱŽһѺעϡ
һҽУħҲ˵ıɱˣƺڵȴʲôȻÿɱһ˺󣬶Ϸʵ
ʱվӵĻһᷢԼ˫üѾšһ𣬽üĸˣϵŭȴԽ⡣
󣬿ͻȻ˱仯һӴ˲ħҲ
ʲô
д󾪣һԶˣһ˫۾ȴĶǿ
㵽׸ʲôռΪ
նʵ龰ܹ죬ϢľȱܹԼġħҲ˾ҵĲʵȷʵֲ̫ˡ
ʦң
ϲ˵ʱҲܲ˶ˣΪԼ˵Σʱпܱɱ
ӵʱɽбչأȴյϢӿһǿҵâ
âһѾ˫ۣд󾪣
˭˭Ҫɱͽܣ
˫ɢɱ⣬ڴʱâٴһʶԡ
âʱֱץ񣬵ϥʶȫѰλá
еǿֲƼҪ˺˲õġħ򡯡
ಣ
һӰڴиֳӰʦӡ
ӳֺ󣬵΢΢һЦͽʦˡ
ʦ
˵û뵽źźʦĿԸϵ
ಣಣ
ǶӰ֣ȻͬʱӳڿУҲһ㶡
ʵϱӽӡ֮Уһźţʵϱǽ⿪ӡӵķܹһ˲֡
򣬾ӵͨı죬Ҳһ˲ݴԽݣΪʵ̫󣬾ǰҲﲻǸ˲һݵ
˲СƶԷһ˫޴ı۾ſеߡ
ӵɫܵȻȴֲŭĸовӺܶŭ
Ͼݺѡ츳ߣǱɱˣҲ˲𰡣
ʱһʣ֮Ҳۼһ˽ĸо
ʱҲҷɣΪǰʦܷǸˣֻǸδ֪
ߣԭĵӣĸɵߣ
ʵ̽ӵΪеľ̼ˣԭǷ֮壬ȫ塣
ûʸ֪׼ɣ
˵ͬʱýƣȻ˲㽫˵ı֮С
ȻΪ˱ˣΪսǲýƣֻ»ɱڶԹ֮ˡ
磬ʦǿ󣡡Ϲپ˵
Ǻǣʵʦʵʵҵڻ֪أ
Ц˵ȻҷɣȻʦģȴⲻʦı壬սƵġ
磬¾ͺˣǸˣ
ţѾʼЦ
ԣǸһԪ񣡡
Ҳϲ̵˵
ȻȴмȻڵǣˣһ۱㿴Ȼʵǿ󣬵ֻǷԶԶ޷ӳȫʵ
˫¹˭֣δ֪Ҳ
˲ҵ˲״̬ʱ˷ԼԶԶĳ˶ԷΡ
ҲǰԭԷȻħڵΪսֻѾﵽħڵսܳħڵս
˱ĵ˫ðյЦ⣬ԭԷֻǷҵʵԲڣʵҪԷԼƺԶԶ
㣬ҵĶ֣Ͷɣ
˺ٺЦ
ԲֻǵȻһЦڿƶ
˴󾪣֣һԲεɫֽı
ӵʵɲ⣬Ȼڿƶںϡ
Ƕһٴκ϶ΪһһΣεʵֱӵɺڵΪ
ʦǿȻôǿҵΪֻԪӤڵʵԭʵҪǿѹ˵ʦǶôǿ󣬾Ȼӵ˿ֲʵ
˵Χһ㶣޲ݵӡ
ʣħ߸ǳݵӣħʵΪ˵ʵǿô˴ѡ
ҪͶ㲻ֻΪѣﵽڵʵҲһģΪҪͶ㣡


829 
Ц˸һ־ֵĹ°о
д󾪣ԷȷʵǿԼδؾĶ֣Լ޵ʵչֳʵӦ΢֮ϰɣ
뵽˵β͵ı仯ˣɳβͿʼѸٵ֮ʱȻγ˷ɽģ״˵Ҳ˲١
ߣʵ߾һƾ豾ʵҲԿ㣡ڣ㿴ˣʹ߿ǳĽޣڵɣʤʵɣ
˿ЦȴѹԷһսҲ
˶ԵʱͻȻ΢΢һЦƾһץһ߲ӫķɽС
һ֣ƾˣ
ŷԼŷɽʱʦսʱĲ࣬ϣ𲻴󣬵ǴϣϣʦͱԼҪǿϲ֪ٱ
һ֣ɽӣȴֻȻɣ˾ǽˣɽںһ𣬸һиɻĸо
˽һ磬ʦ
ʱӸӳݣ⼸Ѿﵽ˽޵ļ޾硣
ӻɽһ廯Ƿɽ֮ϵʹâҲȫ˾ڿ΢΢ķ˽һľ˿㷲
˵ȻУӵһŵ߲ʵĽҪѿһ㡣
ǿĽ˾һϲɫ΢䣬ԭҲǽޣ
ˣһб츳ͽ΢һ㣬ȴҲ̫࣡
ӰȻ˵Ȼһ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
һϲΪʦ츳ϲбΪ
ٴαɫԷ츳֮ãҪսԼʤʵ̫ˣѾʤ㡣
ݣȻﵽɺڵʵҲڣûмʵģھмǿĽޡ˵Щ⣬⵱ȻΪԷǿʵ
ţԲǱô򵥣ĸ֣Բ׵й¶ʵҵʵڻŲ˾ǰʮĸ֣֣ᷢڵʵҲֻбɱķݣ
ӻ˵𾪣Ǽ˵ҲԸˣͽôأҷˣͽܽҪ֣ĵǺܺãܿҪˣԼһ
ӿһĪĸжʦԼӴʱ䲢࣬˵Ǻ٣УĺܿԼӡ
ʦģͽһʧģһ죬һΪ٣ΪҶԽǿ󡣡ᶨ˵ⷬ΢΢ͷ
ͽܣѾʦܽˣҪΪʦͲ֪٣ʧĳʱ䣬ʱڣʦʵ̽⵽ģΪĹЧкʦķʵˣʦһֱע㣬һֱΪ٣΢Ц˵ͺΣ
ʦҶľ֮Ͻˮ಻󺣷һʰҵĶĤݰɣ
ƺ滻ɴ󺣣ΪûлƺӣⷬڵϿѾϵˣһ£Ǿ޽еĴ¡
ˣ˭ԸûأȻǿӣȻ֪ƨɣŰͽⷬȻ̲סЦ
ӵİ˷ɰڴЦ֮ʱҲݵĹʡ
ڿſȥ˫ֺ£һ׼ĶĤݡ
ȻǻˣŲڣȷʵֵԼΪԼɽߣڹؼʱǸԼȫУһΣӣ˭Խຣأ
սȣȫĶӶĤݣ
ӶһۣаԾȻر
ɣλҲɣڴеǰǻ˼
ӴЦеõ˼С
ʦʲôУëѣʦҪǲɱͽһҲɱģ
ﲻݣƨĵЦ˻
ղŻƵвˣʱŨＫȲƽ⣡ߺޣҲûãΪԷʵԼС
ף㾹Ȼͽܷɽɣ
ֶſеһָڿеĽɫɽԳ
˴󾪣һצעڿУҪǽɫɽ
ߣ
ӵ𣬿ֲǽɫɽ̷˹Ȼǲģٴʩչͨɫɽ١
˲ûɱʱƴʵɫɽķʽ
ɫɽڿƶΪ˵ʵǿ󣬲ȴӲδʹȫԵʡ

΢΢һЦеɽѾڿУʱ׼ʩչһ


830 
ǿ󣡡
ЩǷϵķſצӣǽɫɽ㵽С
ţ˼ʹȫȻӵĶ֣־ӵʵӼɵˡ
ɫɽУĻӣһǽɫɽϵĽȻ⿪
ллɾ֮
ɫɽͻȻڿţȻӵл
ǻ۵Ľ飬ͽܣΪʦ
ӾȵȻһӣɫɽ䴩ƣȻС
һУеսѾӵǿƶɢڣȻѾûκս⡣
ԷսֻԼʤѾ˶£ǻ粻ս
ߣҲһսҲֻܾˣ֮һϴۣ
˵˳滰׼ˡ
ë棬ʦķ򲻹֮սⲻǴţ𣿶ǳ룡
ӻһ仰ĺ޲óȥ
ȴ΢΢һЦеɱ࣬ʱͻȻɱˣΪҪǿĶ߾
ʹߣɣҸһ㹦̹Ը
˫ۺЦһҲӵ˵
кˬʦԸôԼе˵ĻòԼЩͬˣ⻰ﹻģֱһ
ҲЦӣʦͽ˵һԾ䣬ӵӢ˵츳ǿʵ°ʣŵ
ߣдȻ㿴ʹߣǱʹ߽ƴԪԱҲҪһս
ˣˣ˺ˣ
ҲƢҲеߣʱȻ˵ǿҵսٴڱŭ֮£Ʊǰǿ
Ǻǣ輤߷Ҫɱ㣬ȷʵ÷Щ򣡲ҵıִʱƾεֵأԹԵĹɣ첻ɱ㣬ͽɱ㣡
һ仰˵ήȥһ뵽Էı弴ϵ˶ԷΪʲôԼսԵʡ
þδ仰ݴʱˣһҲΪʱӣ־Ȼ嶼ŵĲ
ѾķŹˣǳ˽ƣһԲ౾壬ϢҲ̳ȥ򡯡
ӵĿ£˫һ˿벻ģȻĶԳԶȥ
סˣҵıѾִݣҲٿ㣬򣬱֮
Զ봫ˣиǿޱȣܵٶȸˡ
ԶȥһȺ߶ʱɢǾŮͺͷߣǰ
ڴˣԣûȥ׷ɱˣǷȥǸ⣬˶ԼĶ֡
ħ߷׷ԭޣϹپ£ԼĪʮ˻гͣЩԵħҲѾ˵ħҲڴʱҵԼ͵λá
ӲɶϹپһۣŮʵȻڣȴѾƿʮħߣȴҲСЩħ˾⡣
λյ£Цʵ
ҵŮˣ΢ЦŻش
ĪЩƯŮŮˣ
Щɻע⵽⼸ŮӵľɫݣڿȻǳƯ
ʦ㲻˵עҵһжôͲ֪أЦʵ
ô˵ĹעǸӦʵֲ춢㣡
ӷʵ
λֵܣţΰʦ
кȻ˷ɽǴ֮С
ֲһƣȻ˲ŷڹǰС
ʦ
ЦҲףǱ֮ϡ
Ҳ׷ѰλȻһһ˽ܸӡ
ӳʼû̫⣬ڴʱȴϸ̽鼸ˣŷЩ˵츳ȻҲǶ֮
ȣôôأ
ЦʵԺ˼Ϊʲôֶ졣
ʦǴưġսȣ
ЦŽܵ
ˣһǳϵʷϿ֣
ӾȵȻȣֵʵѵġս񡯣
£
ȵûʲôӣƽ׽˵˵Ϊڵʵ뵱ġս񡯲ʮǧȻҲûʲôǰţơ
ΪĹϵԣȶҲǳ𾴣ϾԼҲΪˣȻ̫ݣ
ȻţԷ˽˵ɽ磬磬ħѾǱȽϸߵĲˣ磬˽޵߶žη֮ģο
磬һңԶϵĴ˵Ҳɽ磬磬ħϢ֮ҲȷǷĴڡ
֮ˣŰλˣôΪκԼͽܳһأ


831 
ӵɻ󣬵ȵĹ£˳㽫Ҳ͸¶ӣϾˣǾԲԼġ
һΪʦΪ
ıȽأӺγˣǿֺؼʱ̵ıٸأ
֪ٴʱü˶ˣΪֻһ˲֪ȵĹ£ҲǺ˽ȵ
ӻȻվͻȻȹ񣬡ԭ确ս񡯣ˣ
ʦˣѾյġս񡯣òʩ񣡡
æ쳣ء
˫һգҲɵȽԼʦ
λͽܵķ飬Ҳǰѩ֩룬ıȴ󳬼޵飡
ܵڲǰӺ˲ƳԼڸպݼʦ
һѿڵǳ飬벻ͬǰĳޣ
ȵ𾪣ΪЩ׽ȴѾã벻˼ĳޣ
ʦͱһһէģҪЦ
ʲô˼ӷʵ
ʻ񲻴磬Լ˼һ
ܺõĴʣʦҪҪˣӸһҲûгļӣȴƽ׽ˣ˶ĵ𾴣
飬ɣӵĴмѾΣ֮죬ҲǸǳЦ
ӣʵѾǿˣⷲ˽磬ܹɵĴڵߣж˿
ܹһ𾪣ƺһ˼飬Ҳ͵Ц
λСϹپ裬֮ţӵͳ˧ǧ˵ı죡սٿԻʵĵˣԴﵽʮϣ֮ھ·ǵ֮
ܵ
Ϲپ΢΢һЦԵЩ󣬶۲һΪⷽ˲ţһԪҲǼģܹһԪڵľʦֻһԪڻǿ
һһ˸ʶˣǰǼжţȻ𾪲ѣΪ츳Ȼøˣͬһ¡
࣬Ҳӵб
𾪵һ˿ϲá
ǵģЦŻش
ô£Ϊʦǵ񻹲Ϊ츳졣ķɵøΪʦΪʦǵŮӣκֻϵǶôΪʦ±ѰҩȴҲ޷ı
̾Ϣڴ
˿ʦĸ
Щʵ
ô˵ûдﵽʱңµĶġҲ˵ʦҲһӶ޷Ϊʦĸ
ӿЦϾȻ¶һ˿֮ɫΪϵϵϵⶼ̫ѣΨҪͨҩﵽȴ̫ˣ
겻ѣҲһͬذû뵽ʦԵҲ⣬ŮҲ̫˰ɣȻһ޷ɵĶģˣ԰ƺء
йϵûУ뷨ȻŮķ¶ģйϵˡ
֪֮ˣһ㷢¶ģ󲿷˶ϸأҲŮıˡ
ҡҡͷһ࣬Ҳ֪ôġ
а취𣿡
ƺԸϣ
ʦͽܿҲû취ϾҲͿԻõģôбģһ治Ϊ࣬ҲһֱΪʵŬţûע츳Ҳ̾ϢеǺӡ
һĬƺʲôࡣ
ʲôΪбأ
ֱֱ࣬Щ֣ԾͳƺһΪǳƺҲǡ֡Ҫһ˸ҳƺΪǾұΪ
ҲܾˣһֱԭڣǰͲԼ츳Ϊʲôߣ࣬˵ŷǶ˵ҲˣȻԼﵽбҲĳб츳չʱҲû룬ΪŬĽ
ӦòֹŬԭΪ츳еġ
Լ˵Ĺͬ㶼ŮˣҶһ츳ģٴεõǰԭ
ʦʵ֪ԭ򣡡ţЦ˵ɫ֮ԵЩơ
ŶԸ꣡Ӿϲ
ţԸ⿪ڣз⣬ΪЩ˵ڡ


832 
ţ˵ʦǰθڣСʦֱɱ㣡ЦŴߴٵ
ţһۣȻЦ츳идҵ츳Ҫǿһأӿʼһҵʵһֱ֮ϣǵ˺츳ͻȻͿʼʼǽϵǺԣǵ츳ʱʵ㳬ңƾŬʵԽԽԶﵽбˣҲԭڣ
ʲôͬʱʵ
ԭΪǺһߵ츳࣬ǵ츳Ҳտʼ½СٻҲתΪˣ
ţЦ΢΢һЦ⣬ǰԼҲǹȴǲȷ
Ϊ
ӵлЩˣһ㶣ԼʦԵ˴أ
Ůˣһʲôأ
ţЦ֮о˭ȴڤ˼룺ѵһ˷ĳֶǣ֪ǵӦûҵģ⣬ôһأ
أ
Ӱͬʱ֣ûΪڴ˱ƾţ˵ȥ
ţҺܣȴ޷ܣͷϱ£Ϊ飬飬࣬κһ˵ʵǿ̫ࡣ
ϹپҲڵĵţƺҲԴôһ£Աʾͬġ
ţֱˣȻͣȴǽ˼ά˼ͨʲôַŮ
ʦйŮû
ֱӵʵ
ȻϾȻ΢΢һ죬Щ˼ҡͷΪʦȫĶͶ뵽УȷʵйŮˣֻһЩϲһŮӣȴǱҲͱͨѹϵҪһ㡣
Ŷˣ
ЦʦĴҲ⣬Դﵽڵʵ
ʹˣ̿׷ǵһһ⣬ûɽ߶ԣǶа£󲿷ΪĿ֮꣬·ıȽϵ
ţ׷ҲԸ鿴Ļ治ôȻ˼Ůˣ滹лͻ־ͺܵͣ˴ߡ
ķкβԣԶΪţҲĴȻҲ׷ȴΪԸۺأţŮ˵̬
Ϊִ˫ϴԣȱִжŮ˵̬ȣֱ檵̬ȣһԸӵì壬ѡŮˣԻǸ𵽵ףҲԴڲͬĵط֮һ
ӵɻУЦʦ˺Ů֮Ҫ֪ʲô˫ްɣ
˫ޣָͬкιϵȻ⡣
ŲӵĴ飬ˣΪһ°ĸֶԣڸ֮һϲͨҲȫ˵Ĺȥġ
ˣררɾȻⲢڸϾ;ḻΪһ߱ѧ׵˶п檣ȻͱӶŮˡ
ʦҺǷ˹ϵҸ㣬Ǻһ˯ˣ´θ¼ʾȴطģһ֪ô£
ٺЦϴڵϿ¼һЩٶ˵ƬΣȻŮȫĳİ鶯Ƭ
˶ߺϹپ̬ȵһ㣬ΪԼϾִˣⷽԽǿ
Ը꣡
ǫһ˾ѧϰ̬ȡ
磬̫˰ɣҪʦ̫ˣϹپȰ
룬һ˴ӣŮֶûǣû˵жƬ˺Ǹ±ȳǷҩǿɣ
ûµģҾͰһʦһˣ
Ц
ɫһ죬仰ˣȴûкǳ
֮䣬ͬʵ̫࣬ͬȴҲԣͽܸʦɽҲ̫ˣȴʵ
ʦȵңϾͻأЦȻȥȴƵ˻
΢ЦĽ⿪ƣȥֱħߵĴӪ˫Ѱҡ
ħߣŮӵıҲ٣ռϡ
ΪԵʣЩŮӱͨȻƯĶ࣬ҲƷŮ
ѡʮŮӣӵһòģЩ΢Ϊ֪ϲһڡ
Уֱӿڵλһ᱾ħȥӰǸ㱾ħʦҲʦӦʲô˼ɣ
ף
Ůͬȴɬ֮˱Ƚ϶࣬жŮȴЦĺ
ǶѾ֮˰ɣͺúչ˱ħʦñħʦˣħؼνǡ


833 
Ȼ˵һεƽ֡
ǶŮ̵ͷһæشħʹˣСŮȷʵ֮ˣħʹ˲СŮӵ߾ȫźħʹ˵ʦ
ŶĶͦõģסˣħʦ֮ͯɵúú̺򣬵ʱҪǱħʦ˸飬֪еĺôɣ
΢΢һЦһŮ°ͣȻһѣģ˫ʣ߰͹¡
ŮӽߵĶһЦЦģҲ̾ŮĹ˵á
һŮҲشħʹˣСŮҲԸ̺ʦСŮСħó˫֮һᾡȫӭʦģʲôҪСŮӶܹ
ôǿ
ٺһЦŷŮȻСȴ޹һ㣬̬ǰŮӸ
һŮƺΨֱ˻ᣬʹߴˣҲó˫֮طһʦġ
Ƕһɣ
ԼʦζʲôζŸеĸ֣ܲЩħŮӡ
˽Ǵ֮ϸ۲ɿΪƴ֮Ůӵ봦ȴвͬ
ܿŮ
ǼأвԸģħҲԲǿЦ
Ը⣡
Ů˵ǧѷĺûᣬΪܹʦϹϵŮȻϲѡֻǣһŮ˵΢˰ģȴע⵽ˡ
ǲѾİ֮ˣ
һ֣Ůӱ㵽ǰ
ħʹˣȷʵİ֮ˣֻҪܹΪʹߴ˷񣬷ҲһģŮڿУ˵
Ǳħ֮ˣ
ʵоǲǿЩŮӣԲѯǵ
ħʹôܻѯЩŮӵ
ŮӸ֪
һĸߴ󣬳Ӣӹ£Ϊ˾Ůӷ
˵ӾȻ¶ϲ֮ɫһеƾħʹ˾ϣΪ˸еģ֮ãԲ飡
ǰɣˣѵȥźˣҲûĻǼٵģʵȴǾԽܡ
²ԣܹźħʹ˵ʦµҡһ»ᱶʣڿΪֶΪ
ȻڿϲУ̬ŮҲԥ̬ȼ
ӶˣֶüĿ飬ӦúܲŮӻǴŮ֮ȻҲԸ̺ʦ
Ե˵̬ǾԲܵģ޵̬ȴףֻҪܹʵ飬Ҳ⡣
ˣЩ޵ߣһһ⣬壬԰¼һӣĵ¹۶ǶԣʵǸеЩңɼ
뵽ҲͻˣӦһŮͬʱл
Ů˸ñӣҲ˷ܣʲô
ЩȴʵҪԼħŮκһǷҪǶӭӦҲʵ
ѡʮ˺Ƿع
д󾪣û뵽ȻʮŮӣʱһ죬Щ˼
ȫ£ȥɣȵ˷Ը
ǣ
ͬʱ˵һӡ
ʦ룡
ӽһңһͷʱѾõĺܰߺܲΧʻ
㱾ħʦãħڷһӰͣ
˵󣬱ңնǽһָʱһٶ˵Ļǰ
ʧеû뵽˺ŵŮӣңǾȻڹ컯֡
ʮŮҲ׷¶ģɬ飬ĶЩ
ĳµİ鶯ƬҲзӦο֮ˣ
ֻһӣ˷Ӧȴֲ˼ļн˫ȣЩŮ򷢳͵͵ЦмѾǻ̼һŮĺ߳
ͽܣΪʦԿ
仰ЦشʦͱŤŤˣһչ۷ˣԿɣͽˣ
˵ǼŮգգ۾Ǻһ˱㱻ħŮ˵ڴϣȻһļС
ӰУٵ뿪Ѿ⵴ķ䣬зһЦ
Ѱʱǻȥˣ˰죬ȴֻϹپ԰ͻ
ôȥͻ˺õˣ
ЦʵȴϹپ˼ۣȻĿƣǡÿؿ֮ͦ
ƽʱ⸱ֻΪ˰ʦæŪԼҲЩá


834 
磬ʵ㣡
ϹپЦ˵ȴ¶ɬ⵹ǺټȴойѪֱϳ塣
ø籧
Ц֣Ϲپڻ΢΢ͷ򻨴ȴȻԸϼ֡
㱼䣬ЩʻΪ˳ϹپߣʻδҶΪ˺Ϲپ֮
뻳ָоһȻһֻסϹپķ֫һ°ͣͳǧʿŮкܣ

ԵȻḧоǰħŮָиãΪϹپǻۣ˼֡
磡
ϹپȻıסѾʼù̡
˵Ϲپʶʱ䣬ҲǼʮˣ֮ĸѾһ𣬶ȴ崿ĹϵһѾϹپԵЩ硣
׻˵ʵۺǧŮʮ궼ѻóңγ൱ڻʵأŮ˸ӵоݣϹپҲԼȤ
ƺϹپ˼΢΢һЦЦˣȻһѱסϹپ裬Ĵ˹ȥ
Ϲپһ޶ԣȫ̱Уƾһ׷
ã˫Ѿʵ̽ѰϹپ壬ϹپҲѾЩɼķܵͣȴ̼֮˵񾭡
Բ𣬸ˣȻôŶҪǸ̫ˣǸаȵЦ
粻æô磬ҪҰɣȻһһֱң
Ϲپ˵⻰̼ԭѾЩ仯塣

ϹپоһӲĶԼСʲôϾΪִˣҪһ崿ȴǲġ
żΪ֪ϹپǵһΣ̫ļֻ»²õӡ
һŮˣ򻨴УǻطȥأЦʵ
Ϲپ¶ϲɫߵ˵ȽϺã㿴ǱߵĴѾˡ
ŵģ
аΧ̽һŷ˵
ãڻУЩɻ󣬴ϵЦ⣬бˡ
磬ѽˣҲŮôҪأĵģڣҪɣǸʮʺϵĳأɵһ˫ޡ
Ц˵ۺ⣬⵹ǺټΡ
ĿأĪǵĺһź˸磬
ЦʵͷӿĪĸжŮˣʵ̫ΰˣԴ׾ͲˣȻԼǺ飬Ϊˡ
½ƺҲͳΪ´ڻ֮䣬һ̵ĺĴŽ׵Ĵͷ֮һжŵķǳ׵
Ůˣ򸴺󣡡
쳤ЦϹپɬѣΪеڳȴų࣬ΪѾ൱׵Ĵ㡣
һ΢ЦŶˣЦãôжأ̺ɣ
Žб
һʱһֱǱŷ̬ҲŮþ߱ƷС
ϹپִŮӣ̺ȴɵˣЩ֪룡
԰Ҷïʻʢһɫʻ涷ޣһĨˮ¹£԰صϢ
ҷ˱ǣ԰УϹپĶʻ
ʱϹپҲ֪źܵÿ°ɣ
ǣĻ£ļɫ΢ԵЩʣǸģͦ˫壬SߣһѾЩ
Ϲپ˫ֻסǰЩ˼ȴǵסɢķ飬Ϲپ½ȴմ壬ĺ۾Ȼһ˲ʧӰ١
һչϹپǰΣϵ֮ͻĻǴ۷ĵطʱѾһ졣

Ϲپ辪һȻתӣ԰зɱ಻ɷһЦ⡣
Ҳһɣӣ׷Ѱ
оϹپȤɫ£򻨴ϷҲʧΪһ¡
΢΢һЦϵİȹȹºЩˡ
Ů͵ЦȻ⻨бȻ˵ĽɫЦŴӺ׷ϡ
һƬЦУϹپĽҲ⣬ϾΧ˵ɡ
úϹپͬʱסһסֵŮˣǶô֮¡
ŮıȻ󻺻ǽ׵Ĵ齣ŮʱŮȻѡͬʱ۾


835 
ѡ˭أ
ûԼ⣬ŮڴϣȻǸͬ
ϹپǵһΣѡ־ôʱԼЩƲסܲ
ѡ࣬ôϹپǵһΣǷֻأ
סˣ˺һĽսʱŮȻͬʱ˫ۣĿ
磬ңȺúϧðɣ
ЦЦͣһϲ⡣
Ϲپȴڵ磬ϧɣҸպÿѧϰһ¾飡
˵顯֣Ϲپ轿߲ѡ
ŮȻ໥ǫã޲̷ͬʱŮ֡
ԴӺڹѾ޷ʹܣҪʦǰԻûֻҪﵽʵſ
ɣ΢һᣡʾ㿴Ҫˣѵ㡣
Ц쳣аȣϹپߵĵͷ
Ǻ
ḧ࣬ĿʼǰϷЩϹپ˷ܡ
˵ձԹʱֳ嶯лӡ
Ӻˮ齻һ𣬶ϹپҲĵ
һڵĸţһһȥչϹپ裬ḧϹپȫǣ˱һȤһᣬ԰б˼ִɫ
ʱ󣬶˵ڷֿѾ˫۾̬
Ħôأ
ЦʵһѾϹپǷ֮أȴһƬʪϵЦⲻɸŨˡ
磬Ϣһɣҵأ
ϹپЦ
Ҹʲôأ𣿡
⻰ʵ൱Ϲپ΢΢Ȼ󣬵ͷǵģŸأ
Ǻǣ磬̫
֪Ϲپ裬ԼҲŪĸоǿҡ
˲Ů˲£ΪİŮ˰ңԸһˣ
ЦԭƣСܵٴ۷磬Ϲپ跢һУ˵磬ѵǹôô죡ҽѧϿһκǺܹͦġ
OUTˣϹͨͨ˵۹ϹôǴشˣ
Ц˵ϹپŷԼ˴Ц磬һһ㣬ۣ
ţзִ磡
ղźЩ񣬲Ϲپ;Բˡ
ɫ££ڽϹپǻòŮ˵¡
԰ҹɫˣȴŨˣ֮ϹپѾƲסĴг
˸ڴ˵ؾ֮
֮󣬵ʦͽپʱȴǲԾ죬һ뵽ͱȽΣû뵽ԼΪһ˾Ȼǰͽ͡
ʦϻ𣿡
ЦʵǼŮɨһȴ֣Ů϶ſ־֮ɫֻһŮɫ΢һ㡣
ȣΪʦҪº˵Ƕ°ɣ
ӿһֻΪ˻ϵΣȻ⣬ӻ֣Ůʩ¡
ʦͽԶӵıȻһ㣬Ȼ¶ݵЦ⣺Ϊʦллˣû뵽һҹ֮󣬽ʦʵȻ͹ȻǿΪѹô޵֮ѡ˫
ϲʦΪֻŮӵΪҲ˲ٰɣЦ
ȻʦڵΪ֮ͯŮһҹ֮ԪӤֱΪҲʵСӾȻΪʦʮŮӣѵ浱ʦǲɻɣ΢Цķʵ
ǺǣôأʦȻ˾ӣͽܾʦΪǿһŮ޷лԲΪʦʮŮֻ̺û뵽ʦǷƺôȻһŮˡ
ЦĺаȣˣΪʦһεԵʣǷûԼǿ
ԿЦЦѵÿʦԱʱ
Ϊʦ뽫ŮӴߣ֪ΣӳŮζȻҲЩָоΪŮӷ˹ϵһߡ
ÿӣⷴһ顣
ô𣿡
ӾȻԵЩ㷲ȻǷǳŮӵġ
ʦݿħߣô˵ҲһħŮʦʦڣ֪ʦǵûУ
˵еǺʦΪȻԼŮ˵̬ȺƣԼǸŮˣҲὫߡ
Ϊʦܱǲǣ
ӸʵоȻ˸ݵǻ۹â
ǱֻǺ崿ѣһҲηʦʲô˵ʲôȻ˵ǾԲ˵
ν崿Ӿʵ
һͺٴζѣû뵽˵Ĵﶼ


836 
ԹǰģֻʦĵΪ˾㣬ʦıٴηĻᣬǳݸȻëѾˣʦıҲͷرչءοϧˣʦıѾչһ꣬ȴ;ϣ
̾Ϣ
һжԭʦԼ˹ģʦ˵չһĸҪʦȻһ
ʦԵӶɽգͽһرʦĶ飡
ıȭ˵ʱһҲ
ʦͬԼĺӣҲͱˣһˣҪǿǾ̫ԵˣʱͽȴֻһʦȻͽˡǺǣʧҲδһ£ʦ֪ʲô˵ĸоǺǣ
ҲѧĬһѣа
ʦҾͲˣҾʦЩ̫ʵˣʦֱԷëˣαñϵأ
ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ǧҪСߣѡԱʦ߷޷ԸǱ嵽ƾԱʦܹȫȵǲֻܹǰһ֣ԿҲδزǸһ㣬Ժɵעһ£̫ҲδȫǺ£
صЦţϾһʦĸ֣ȻҪĶࡣ
Ȼһ㣬ʦ˵ԼðյģѡȴûзֹķϾ޵߶ԣʲôⶼпܷ
ʦͽܽˣŮӣʦߣҪħѡֻҪʦϵģضԴߡ
Ц
ǧŮӣʦֻҪһˣԵһŮһʦ֮ˡ
ӵ˼뾳ȴǲСƣȻҲȻ𾴡
һкܶʰɣΪʦˣڿˡĪЦ
֪ͽĪʦкܶʣʦ󣡡Ц
޷
ӵһЦָֻ˹°ľ󣬴ʱҲа޲ѡ
ʦʣʵôΪʲôɽ磬ѵھ֮Уʵûһƣ𣿡
ɻʵԼǰһֱڿǣֻ벻׶ѡ
΢΢һЦϰԵĸ°ϵ룬Ȼ󻺻˵ʦΪҲǿ˶٣츳ŬһᳬԽʦ֮ڣڷ֮ǰҪΪʦΪƺЩѶȡ
ʵ⣬ȷʵơһƱǴӶɽٺڿʼģܴһ߶ڶɽٺڣһζٱѡԭжһǵһ㶼Ƚϲ˼ҲΪֱӷһΪɽջɽϵĲͬٻʵ
ڶЩߴ󲿷ֶɣСɣɢ֮ˡǶ֪ϢޣΪʵͱһѡھݣһϽ֮˾죬ء
ȻЩһ֮ҲϽûкܸߵĵλԣһƣϽԴ˹ĵҲϣΪĬ츳߼˼ġ
ڵڶƣǴ˺ڣﵽʵϽͱȽˣʱΪϽҲսԣǻڴδѰ޵ߡǧСЩˣԴԴϵĴ˺޵߷ʮ֮࣬һԴﵽɣħʵ⼸Ͻսʿ
˵ʱעɫȴͽܾȻϲŭɫԼҲûʵ뷨
к𾪣ȴѾϰڱ沿ƽԼЦʦ˵ͽأ
׶Ц˵ڶƱȵһҪϸĶ࣬һϽʹ߷Щˣͷ٣ʹǷڵʵﵽΪ޵ߣҪô츳ˣҪôڷ֮ھݺѴﵽʵﵽɺʵʱ˱ΪϽʹߵصĿꡣڵʵǱϽʹ߷֣»ᱻǱŷ
ȷʵˣħϽʹߣûߴҷȴ鷳
ٺЦ
Ŷ㻹ħʹ鷳˵˵Ĵߴٵģѵʹ˲ѣӺʵԼȻͷȴܶκ鶼
ɱ׼˵Ԫ֮塣˵ⷬʱɫ䡣
㾹ȻɱϽ֮ˣ֪ĺ֪ݣһԪΣӣ
һ˵Ҳд󾪣˼ЦЦ
ͽܣʦǾ䰡ʦҲһĴһαϽʹ߷ҵķҪʦԲѷҵʩչסֱɱȻʬ𼣣ôҲûҡΪ£Ҳ㱻һԪɡ


837 
ӸղŻĵͻȻϲ֮飬оȻΪе
ʲôʦʲôͽܣ仰ȴҲһ
ӶЦһɱϽ˵飬˵δڶ˵ʵ̾ˡ
ԭɱϽʹѾʮˣھݸݶɱϽʹߡ
ȵ˴ЦӼ˵رΪƣ޵ߴﵽɺʵһԽɺڵʵϽɳʵǿʹǰȷʦһβ㱻һʹǿȷˣʦʵҲǸǵģǴսʹ߶پˣʹҲȷأʦŵѡ
ʦͽܵĿ̫꣡ţˣԺҲҪɱʹ档Ц
ɱҪĸɾҪڣЩʹҲѣǱһǰѰ⻹һΣԵġʵķ⣬ʦ͸һ¡ʵﵽɺʱʵٴӣϽɳ·ǱץϽ˭Ҳ֪еĺԣʦѡɺڵķֹҪﵽɺڵΪſ츳ɹܹ޳һѾ˲ˡʦʵҲӵбԣԲ޳˶Ҳ壬ÿһԪƿء
˵ΪλзԵʣΪڵ¼
ڷ֮ﵽɺȻ֪츳ҪҲ̫ѣҵΪھݶѡʵԵʺܼ򵥡ΪʦٸӸһɳڵ߷ʵֱӴﵽɺڣôʦɺڷʵֱӴﵽɾ硣ʦķԽ֮࣬ÿһԵӣҲ˵ʦʵ֮ʵᳬԽɺʵҲǴﵽ֮
֮Ȼɽ磬ʵҲѾǱȽǿˣٲΪɽײߡ
ԣʦҪ㣬㹻츳ԲҪһ̷ʱеĺôΪɽ󣬾֮ʵٿ죬ҲڶͻʵھﵽɺڣȻôһٳΪǿɣʽ
ӽЩ˵һ£ΪԶԶԼ֮⣬ڸ֪ȴҲ̫
ӵˣ˵ʦһԴﵽ֮ʵжǿֻ±Լʵǿ򱶰ɣ
ʦˣһݣֱŷɽ硣
ᶨ˵Ȼôкô飬ڷ˲ɵΪ
ףΪƻǶ츳˵޵߶ģһԪڸƣȴҲûжܹ޳ԺȴһΪ츳ԱԼҪǿϲ١
ʦ˵ħս𣿡
ʵ
ħսжţȴһԪڹϵ󣡡
ӲȣʦҵϢħս֮иıǾһԪڡҪ֪ͨһԪ׼
УӵȴǷǳɣȻ˵һԪڵ飡ǰݸɽһԪڣʵǸЦѡʵܾһԪڵĺĵһֱûвμӶɵս˵һʧصսһԪڵĺĵҲûг
УһԪ٣ȴǿ󡣲ֻ֪һԪڵŵӣǻᱻŵĻɢݲ֮ˣҲһ֪һԪڵܡ
ԣħսǸвһԪڵĸΪʦҲһŭ֮£̤ƽʹߡ
ҿ
ӵĻֱ໰Ȼ֪һԪǿȴҲô̬ɣֻŵӾͿԶԿݣǺĵӳǿɵһͳݣ
ͽܣ˾ȣ㲻֪黹أѽҲһԪڵŵӶѣΪʦĳ㣬ȥһԪҲþκˣһԪڵҲ赣鷳
ӺѵõǰһϵİӾλʦ
һԪţƵ磬ֺξʹߣ֪ˣҾֱӻһԪˣһħַ磬ܻĵҵݿߣɱħʹߣ˸ħʹݣһŰһԪȸһЩ鷳ʱҲΪһԪھһౡ֮
ЩƵ˵ǰΪԼܳΪһԪڵľȴϣԼһв޶壬ΪһԪѾǿþݣʹ߶޿κεĵز
٣޾ԣɳʹ߶Ǹëʵֻ¾һԪںĵӳҲʧ򲻵ѣһԪڵĺĵǾԲ׳ģΪһֱζűȷɽ磡ԣǺģԳûʵ
һµø㣬ʦʵһѣһԪڵƾʷԶԶֹǧ꣬ʦүʵһǧǰɽģʱֻΪ˼ʦһԪڵܣ㲻ʦɣ
ӺǺЦµĹ۲𾪵ɫѵÿϵı仯
ȻǸʱҲ̲סͷˣ˵һԪڵʦүһǧǮɽΪ𼶱
ʦôأһԪھݶɽΪβɼ߽һԪڣǲΪʦүһԪڷǰĹϵ˼άӦܿ죬ʵ
ǿ϶ģɽûֵסһԪԵλھݶ󣡹ЩܣֻгΪһԪںĵӲʸ֪ͺúŬɣʱһ㶼׵ġ
ӸЦЦ˹°Ҳǲѡ
ʦͽ̸֮ʣͻȻ΢΢ɫ˫Ȼһâа
ҰΪʦı壬ƺϽ֮˶ˣʱҲ뿪ˣɱ֮Ϊʦ߷ȻѾϽ֮˾죬Ǿ޷бˣһҪעΣսǿ֮ˣΪʦȥҲ
˵αʧλϣµĽҲһ˲ʧӰ١
¶һ˿ź֮ɫû뵽βżʦһ죬Ѿȥˣײβ
ףŮӵʦˣѵʦļԻô
ЦɵȵȥѰŮʱȴѾʧˣףʦû
Ů㷲Ĺڵأ֪ôǡ
ϣŮûü֣ͱӲ½ƷӡˣֱʱӲŸ˽⿪
Ǹһ˫޵ŮʵǺ󣬾ŮڵץΪǧѷļԼȥ˰װ״ʧˡ
ħʹˡҵȣŮ˵
ˣȻʦ⣬ûԵ֣ʦѾŮӴߣűħʦҲ˷ɻڴʵսᳬȫʵҲɣ£ħǣɢȥɣ
Ȼ˵ŮͬлȻŴźȥ
ߣ㲻ҷо裬һʱ佫ټҹ涨ԺǱһĿȻΪ˷ֹٴΣյ
ħʮȴҲֻ࣬˶ˣҪʱҲҪһϡ
ȫˣħĵ̣һ£
´ʮħʼˣ֮ѡһɽפ
ȵȻڷȫǱ̼ģΪʵʵ̫죬ûñ˵ʵԽԽＫȵĲƽ⡣
˵ȣ飬ҿһսô˾֣ȴǴڱɱ״̬С
޵ߣʵǶֻķǳأʵǿģԶʤˣʵģʵǿߣһϣһʵǿֻҪһͿɱʵߡ
ǾʵĲ࣬ڵʵҪɱԪӤµߣҪѹöԷԪԱ
磬Ҿǲٶ֮£ҪΪǿߣ⼸ܵ飡
֣˵
˷׷׵ͷһڴĿȻΪ˿ٵʵ
γ֪˵뷨ֻԼҲΪѣһֱദͻȻǷֻֿᵣǵİΣ
ʵҲԽСƾ֮ˣԼħ磬֪ûִﵽħڵħߣȻУЩһҲð
Ϊħʹ߲ҲһʵڲϢĶħ硣
ʵԶԶҲŴﵽ˺ڶѣţδﵽȥǷĶкôأ
磬Ҿˣھ뿪ھݴϣܹʵ
Ⱥܼᶨ˵ΪʵչƺеĿ٣ҪԼ̫̫䡣
û˵ʱţҲڵ磬˼ҲҪ뿪ˣҲһʵǻȥھݴȻðգʵһĸ졣
ĻҲԴ
ɫƽ˵ҲЩ죬ԭԼ̫ǿδǺ£ƺǵķչԼǵĵҪͣĽǶ䣬һǲðգʵĻ
˭Ҫȥʵ
һĬڣ鿪ڵ磬ҾԼҲȥʼ޷Ϊǿߣ磬ģһúչԼġһԳΪǿߣ´ʱһս
̾˿ȥѾȥ뷨ֻΪԼĸ飬ѡ¡


838 
磬ҲȥΪ壬һֱ磬ɳٶȻϣȥԼհﵽ硣
Ҳ˵֮ɫ
ĬţһԲȴл֣̿ϾĹϵͬ⣬Ҳ޷ԶС
ã̾˿˵ǵ뷨⣡ߣȷʵЩǵĽˡҲҪҵ飬ΪҵֵܣŮˣôܹǵİΣأ
һ˵˽һΪӦȥ
ЦЦ˵ߣΪǵĹϵԲǴΣ֮УУҪΪǵʵȽϴԭ򡣶һ˴ﵽһʵĶ֣Ҳǿһ㣬ҲӦᡣ
ڴǰУ꣬һΪʱҰҲǳҲͨߣΧĴ󲿷ֻʵԣӵĶ֣Ҳܹٽ
߳γǺΧˣʵҲΪҲܹٵĽ
룬һʼطֻҸ޷ɳ
ǣôһеߣǾǡǳߺÿһߣὨԼѵս£Ҳѧһ档Ȼкôͬǳȥ
һ˵ڽԳһһϲǡ
Բȱбϣ¹ȫԸ˳ãǧﹲ濾꣡˸УѾͬǶҪСġ
˵΢ЦĻˡ
磬һֱǸѪԺӣҲ˸УˣһȥپʱҲһǾ֮еǿߡ
ǣ磬ǣλ
ȱȭ˵ȻʧУһѾԶ
磬ţҲˣ᲻磬һǵߣţЦ
ߣ㼸أ
ʵ
鷳չˣ˳˵һ˵ţһģǵšţЦ
ѽһŮˣƺԴһ壡ȥСĵ㣬Ůϣħ磬ΣءЦ˵
ţЦӦȻҲȭȥ
ҲȥֻʣˡֵˣܹãҪ˶ˣЩġ
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鼸Ҫ޳ˮ˲뿪Ѿ޳ˣȴֲò뿪
Ϊ˶гǿ츳ϣΪǿߣΪĿǰʵͰﲻʲôæֻܹ˳ĸԭ
ֻʣ¶ˣϹپߡ
ϹپǾԲģԸ⣬ҲӦϾʵڣŵ˵ȥ͸Щħ߾
⾭ָս飬Ϊװ֮⡣
ȥҪúñԼʵĲµľ㡣Ȼʵǿһǻᵣ㣡
Ľӵ뻳УϹپ潫һǣֱ඼͸ŷࡣ
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һϯмȸж־ϲԼòѰסˡ
ҪߣҲߣðɣҴӦ㣬ֻҪпգͻȥǣҪ鷳ҺúչҸĸүү
Ц˵һ󣬱㽫˺С
ֻʣϹپһˣ֪뿪ȴָ֪ħأȥ
ʱһӰһ̱סϹپˣǵӰȴûйڶǰ
ףʦôȥˣʾʵ
Ǻǣʦĵڶպ;˵ء磬Ϲپ轻ҰɣһԪҪţЦ˵
ЩᣬѯϹپ裬ȴϹپ΢΢һЦ˵磬ʹӦʦɣңʦڣһĺúõġ
ɵϣǵİȫ᲻㣡
ЦһϹپͷͷ˵ʦͽչˡĲãɱͽܷ˰
вʦãʦӦ㣬һȫ


839 
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ͷӵϹپ裬֮̾Ϣ׿һŬɣʦǰһԪڡ
˲ԶȥоıƵģһ£˻ˣԼƺѾȻһˡ
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ˣɸǶԴ󣬻ᴳԼһƬգֵסһʱֲסһӡǵ츳Իиõδ
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ҾݣбҪô
һԪڵ˽⣬ǶԽҾʧȥ˻ٵȤڣŬԼʵӲ
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λħѾﵽ˵ħڵΪǰЩϹپĴ£Ѿսһ˽⡣
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һ·УҲһŭԼǴӵɺڵΪ˴صڣǼƵ顣
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Ц׼Щ˿Դ֤Լɱ¾ˡ
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ҲԺǳ⣬ֻӢƺЩ棬ĿдɫʣвЦ
ʱʾʵǷڣʵڶԷиʲôԣ߲Żš
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ߣ֪Сʮ壬衣ڣϿģϷɢ


840 
ЦԼڵʵûн
ʦ֣ĪҪһƽϣȥҪģߣȱ¯һ档ǸŵЦϵЦ⾹ȻЩ
ν¯İ൱һе޵ѰڶŮ˫ޣЩ¯˾˾ˡ
Լ¯п֮ãȴһΪĵ顣
ģȻ뱬ӵľջСӵѰ·
аеɱˡ
ǣʦܣȥ֤һϵȵ¯㿴ƤģһʦҪˣʹ͸𣿡
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ͻȻһ̱ŵĻһæҲңҿЦģ
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ٴηһߣƾˣ̿־ĳȥ׼
аЦԭЩҲͬƺһӲСˡ
СӣϿͶҪǲӽ֪ʲôǾʵ
ԼڵΪڣ϶ʤȻҲͺţŵĲӡ
ѾȥˣһԪ֮ҲʹĴݲУ
΢Ц˵Цô׺еɱȴޱ޼ʣĵ߾ȻҶԼԲѷںƺͲ롣
Ĺүү㣬Σ
ԳʵǿɽûмǰŵĳԲѷ
ߵ۾˫ͻȻһâ߱񿴵һԷ
ûһʵҳײԼˡԷǷӱʵȴӣѵʵ
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΢΢һЦһֻһȴǴʮɣȻֱӵǰ

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ȣ
ǴǰȻʮΪˣǽ죬߾Ѱ·

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ղŲǳԲѷôǴۣ
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ŵӺǵѡ˲ΪУʱΧҲ׷׸ͣȻͬʱѰ·
мŭֱЩͬʦֵܼ飬ʱȻԼˡ
߽ʦ֣Ϊţֻ谮һӣԲƺ
һȺĹεļһ
жݺݵ
΢ЦŸղŶԼԲѷߣʱȻڵأԼͷġ
ô
ߵľˣʵҲôװƵĹһȴ̰ڰķУʵ졣
ʦֶ๼ȥ˵𣿡


841 
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ŵαЦҲ׷׸͡
ŵĵûķҲʮ֮ˣ
аɻ󣬶޿̣ʦܷ֮ҲΪ̾Ҳ˵
һ٣ŵһȺ˻ȥǣŵĵӹҧҳһš
һȺ蹷
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˵ͬʱѾնһֱӽߵͷնˡ
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£ӣͽҵðɣ
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ү㣬Ұɣ
ӲӣɶԷֲŹԼǼͷ󺹣ûͷֻԪġ
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ŵȻ͸ʵΪԼݣʱòڵĸҲϵˣֻҪԼܹһʱᣬ;Ӳŵĵ̡
Ͷɱ⣬Щթ˿øУǵ̷ޱߵɱ⡣
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842 
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ȻһЦ΢΢ʩչͨߵԪ㱻ѹ˺ҴС
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843 
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ЦŮӡãʱȻԷ˴ȣԼҲȥŵ鷳ˡ
ܿ
Ůһ˫Ŀ

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˼ϰһ˶ԴĸһԣҵĻᱻ
Ǽһ˿ЦܾȴѾ⡣
㾹Ȼܾĵӻѵɱ𣿡
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Ҫɱң͸óˣɱҲûʲô˼ѵ𣿡
ЦԽᶨʵ뷨Լ綼ʲôΪ
ǰܴˣһֱĳ֣оԼ˥
ðɣȻ㲻ԸҴ磬Ҹ㴳磬ô
һЦ仰͸ղǾ仰˼ʵ࣬ȥвġ


845 
ҽܣ
ʱͷ˵ΪԼڵΪҪѶԷľǻ⣬ôҲǸŮۣΣʱԵ֡
Ǻǣ㻹ûԱأ
һѾɷΧ֮ڣȴЩΣǶԷҪԼԷ
Ĳ࣬ڵڵΪУͲĵڵΪԼʵһΣȴҲʤڣǶڣﵽڵΪŷһƴ֮
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һ˲䣬ԭԭеòΪЩøУԲԼĿʾ
ۣӢ
΢Ц˫۹ԸȸղŵʱҪõĶࡣ
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ԼͣЦϿ¡
Ǻǣва֮ɫɱ㣡۾֣˵
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аȴǲҲ˵
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֮󣬶ѾԶŵĵ̣֮ڣɫĹ۲죬жҲ˲پ裬Ϊһʵ̬Ůӡ
һϣͻȻʵʲôĿ죬ʲô鶼ûз̫ˡ
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ⷲ˽磬˭˭˭Ǳ˭ƺѾѶۡ
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ðɣǼǰУһġôһֻ±ϳʵ
ģڱչ֮ǰòڲһϢҲȫܸıˣ˿ϳ֮ҲϳΪҲŸոձչس˵ɱŵӣҾͳȻ㡣
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ԱĿʾˣӢĽаʣŮ֮ݡ
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˵ͬʱָǶ˵ɫĹâǶˡ

ͬʱһҽУؿȴǸԿ˸Ѫ
һֻڵΪһҲֻлڣΪĸͻϮɱ漣ˡ
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846 
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㷢Ϣǿ֣
һӷӦ˵Ҳ׷ж
ֻǴʱϢκ壬ΪѾ֮УڸҲѾ֪
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Ѱ·ڵĻɽôô֪ͨڳҪ˭ô󵨣Ȼɽţ
ڵʱŭɢⱩϢ
ǣ
߹ӦȻ󻺻¡
ڵĻɽȫɼƷʯɣ˴֮̿˻ɽĹģʽ
̸оǰһ䣬ԭĴɽʧˣȻȼһֲĻ棬ǿޱȣҲսףԴֵв
ΪѾﵽʵȴȻСƸϵΪī̻ʮֹ죬ų֮һȻɼһߡ
սף壬С棬˻ǿвڵߣҲС
æ˵ǵΪȴɵɴ۾̾
޻ϵԻȤһͷѷԼϽ档
ܹգԼԺһļܣ
ԣûпսףҲûʹ壬ֱӷ˻ܼĵط
˴Ļ浱ȻȫλģǵҪЩǷɢ֮УЩطܼЩطûлĴڡ
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а̾ȴûѡϣΪϾֻǰװ˷ˡ
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ʱڵĻԪҲ׷ȸԾţҪڣĿڤ񣬿ʼЩī̻ʡ
ī̻ƺϲһ㣬׷׳ӿȥһᣬڵī̻涼еߣЩˡ
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847 
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ӿн䵽һ֮ϣҲŽ䣬ЩΪβ÷ɵģߵġ
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죬ͬˣ̤ЩɽʯĲضÿһߵĺȴ̩ɽ
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УÿһӡСеһһӡӭѶϣǵ
ÿһʯ㼣㼣ǺȴҲĽӡ
ٴαı־סˣȻڴʱ
ûһ㣬൱ȷΪϵƣԼǼᶨĿ⣬ȵĽŲһһƾƺһµ⾳
û˵̤ԼĪʮԺ󣬾ȻԼʲôƵģרעںΧĴڡ
󵨿ͽȻɽţ
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
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һŻȴǴߵıȫˣ˿Ŀɿڴ
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ھɫϴǳ̻ī̻˶ΣڰΧԷԪ֮£һҲõԪԱ
ҿÿҪԪԱˡ
ߴȴ֮Ԫ֮ƺסˣڻи޷Ա


848 
ô£ΪʲôԪ޷ԱҵԪ񣡡
ڵ¶־ĺȴ޷Ԫ
ٴ̤һͬʱһУԪ֮ǳ̻㵽С
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һֵĻߵԪ֮ѾĶڡ
һ˲䣬ٴγһǳ̻棬һָˡ
ɱ˳ڵߣһʵҲֻеϵĸֿȻеڼֶÿ츳ԼǷ߱Ԫ֮⼼ܡ
ԼĪʮҵľ룬ѾˣĸߴӰͻȻһ죬ʱôǿƣƼӽ
̫֮ˣڶҲתɳˡֻ棬ݺˡ
а̾ԭرʵֻǾûҲͦ˼Ȼ׼һ棬ȴ츳ȻԼеĻҪ
ĬţϵƼӣⲻΪƣһеİһ֮
ʱʶѾЩʧˣֻ֪ԼҪһһǰ˭Ǿɱ
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ֻԥһ˲ߵĴ㡣


849 
ڵڵ߲࣬ڵҲ޵ļʮˣܹЩڵնɱһ֣Լ͸޾ʵĵӡ
Ͼڴ£Ȼ˵ӣҲвڵԼ
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ڵͬʱ׷׽еġ󡯹룬ǡ˲һ㵭Ȼɽ嶼ȫС
ѾγɣһɽѾ½ƣûڵΪܴӳȥ
ƲסˣȻҲסˡĽǣֻһܹȡʤӳ󡯡

ϵһŭʮڵͬʱ
ѾγǿĽƣ˷׷׾Ϊ֮ܡ
ֻ֮ΪʱŻʹ󷨣һǧǰƾ⡮󡯻˵ʱ֮һһַ¼Ǵκڲ硣
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ʮ֮ѾӽߵĹȴƾǿӲʮ˵Ĺ
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⼸Ǵ̤·Ѿעˣǽż壬Ȼģ츳ǿޱȡ
ڵ߹ûЧһչء
ͣ
˫ĮĲκθ飬Ҳ̧ͷֵǳ̻ͻȻ˫Ҳһ

ڵҲ޷ֵǳ̻棬ֻһӴߵı壬̱Ḳ߱ȫ档
ڵ߱Ż֮Ԫ̫֮ӳȴǸ
ٴ̤һʱߵѾջһ롣
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ڵ߻ڹȴ֮²ָͣһץߵԪѾС
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ʱҲѾ̨̤ףٴγǳ̻棬ٴ֣һڵС
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ڵԪ֮壬ȻɵɣҪٴνҪʮԪ֮巽п
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ԭ㾹ȻҲڵĸ֣ѵѾﵽΪ
Ы֮п񾪣ȥǲ¶ɫȴɵѡ
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ˣ֮ͻȻðһǳ̻棬ķɽ֮ȻðΪǿĻɫ档
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Щʵ²һһӣ屶ϣķɽҲԼӳֲʵټǿֲĻɫ棬ѾﵽԽɺʮĹ
ʵѾڵĹˣԣЫ֮ҲСӣĹﵽڵΪȴԶδﵽڵķ
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Ы֮һԹԹڶ˾ʵֽ̫ĹҲö˵Σձ
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Ыֵ֮Ҳ̫ɣȴΪʵƣϱҪǿ١
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Ы֮ʧɫĺˣΪںϻɫ棬ֻɫӵд͸ʵΪЫ֮޷ѡ
һ֮䣬ǿûкˣЫ֮ȴ˳ʮɾ룬ҿʹáķŻĻɫ潣
΢ЦҡҡͷֶλʤȻԵɺڵΪڵЫ֮ⲻò˵һ˵漣
߲ÿһޱȼѣΪЫ֮ǿţ󼸲ǽζĺô
ڳܸղӲһؿѾһƬѪģǽսҲ޷ֵΪǿ
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ҧٴ̤һЫ֮ڿʼ˫ͬʱӶǿƼžʵ
ڶԷ֮ʱѡΨз𷴻ķѾﵽ״̬
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ʣµĽȫ־ڵֵǽ͸壬ûкһ
岽ޱȼѵһЫ֮ڱŭУԷһʵĸһԻ񣬶Լ޷ֹǰǱζżԶڵĸ֣ʤ㼸Σò²⡣
ʵûг֣ȴγ˲СѾӰЫ֮ķӡ
Ы֮ٳһУֱ۰Ľֱնϣ޺һ෴ٴ̤һ
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һն׼Ы֮ϲʤΪ⽫ζ޷
ʵϵأȴǡǡ෴ڶԷ֮ʱûǿжܣǽԪ֮תƣƾԷնԼ׼


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Ы֮һȻһƬâУµġҲѾٵķա
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ʵϣͷ­ȫǱԷնģл漰仯֮⡣
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ˣǧ֮ǰװ˷ˣ˵һöлĳȫ
Ѿָѵʶ΢΢Цͷ­ѾǶֻŵϿա
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˫ȵԪ֮ҲλϵѸٵı޸ΪһΣΪǳ֮ǿЧΪķ
Ȼɽ֮ϣһ˲伸Ҫ⡮󡯵Ľ֡
ѵĶȡõЧҲԽã츳йأ츳ġ
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ʵǵĹУԼڵƺڷű仯ˣָоһҵʹ
ߣʵԽǿʹҲԽǿңʱʹŵĸо
ǰԼҪ꣬ҲҪʮܹͻڵĵɺڣΪɺͻƵɳڣкܶ޵Ҫķǧ꣬õʱ䡣
μѵĶ򼸺ʵһͣһɳڣ츳Ϊ׶޵С
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ڵʶˣӦ˵ʶ
ϲԭʶﵽɳڣڶ󣬾ȻһʶΪô̫ࡣ
΢ЦͻƣΪеϲãһֺܼ򵥵ķϲõ飬Ы֮ȴǸеޱȵıڷѾǧ࣬ͷһգûɱһΪôܲ
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ʹḺ́ʱʹ࣬ȴǷǳõģͲʹֵĸоһֻȥ
ڵĵӼҪˣһֻڽᴦڱŵΣ֮С
Ы֮ʣ־壬ŭɫ׼ͻϮȴΧǸŮӴʱԼе󾪡


857 
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΢Ц˵ѾɢڵƣЫ֮нп಻ѡ
һѾԶԸˣǼŮӣԼǺã
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׶Ϊڣһɣɽ׶ڵĽѣҪͻɺȴͻƵɺڸҪࡣ
Ǵδζеģĵ·Ѿ˺üˣÿһζĺôһΣȸ˰Ŀʽ
˵ǰڵ̶ֻܹ⣬ôЩߣǸģܻ൱Σա
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ڣһ֮Х쳹ڵɽţڵĵӾһΪԷһХʮ㣬ǡ
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ߣҲֻΪѣƴδزĶ֣
Ы֮ʼеս⣬ȴǲ޶ս⣬ֻԼʵѡ
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Ы֮ڵѾĹ룬ʱվڿдϢţֻ¶ԷҪɱԼȴ̫ѡ
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ǺǣΪֻЩӵʵӶΪѡԪԱҲһֵ𣿡
ЦвĶԷԪԱΪԼΪѾֺξͬԪԱҪԪԱԼҲһᡣ
Ы֮ףԼһԪԱڽ糹ʧѵͲøԷһѵ
ԼѡԪԱֻҪԷɱԼڵҲԻ
ڵӣԸΪ𣿡


858 
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ҲԼԭģαԼڣԵɺ̤УȫһĶԸԼֹԼڵĽǶһҲûд
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̧ͷ͵͵˵飬ȴǾ񳳼ܵһ㡣
͸ޣǿʵȴ͸΢Ц̬򶨡

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ߣŮ˰ɣԱ߲Ů㣡
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Ы֪֮˶ȴηһ㣬ΪڽͻƵĹչֵǿ־ѾЫ֮С
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Ы֮µĻͷвظڼӢ߽
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ӵұѵҾͲ𣿡
Ц߶ˣǶ˻⣬һ˿ʼ̽ƶλãȻͬС˰Ͽ
һ¶һɫģ˽ľѾŵϵ㣬ŮӵǸһôõ顣


861 
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ͺ˲پƣʱҪӵұȻȵĲԸ
ԣһеƾ£ʱŭʱ
䣡
һƴķ˲⵱Ȼʵķŭһƣȴ㹻ŵЫ֮㹻ŵǶߣҲ
Ƕ˻ϽϹ
Ы֮о彻ӣȷѡԸʵǿŮˣҲԸ
ѾΧǶŮҲվҪȴϵһǿķȻŮ
мȾϲΪ̬ȣԼζʲôҲеĺ塣ֻһʱ֮侹ְˣŵаȫС
ֻ˸㾪ʧԾҲվʵУʲô飡ʲôȨңΪʲô˰Ե
ǼѾˣӢɰʮ㣬һһٵ˵ҸղѾˣҲκ㣬˭㣬Ҿɱ˭ȻҲԲڡ
һŭΪգ˷˵΢ȸˣȴҲܵޱȰԵ۵İԵɻŮΪ֮
Ҽסˣҵɣ޷Ƶģ˭ôҲܵŵġΪΪ߱ҵʸ񣡵ⳡѺ㽫ҵ°ܽ
ҲɢһְԵƣй֮޲֮ʱ˵ֱⷬЫ֮
Ы֮ڶ˵ѹ£ޱȣǼŮѾ̱ڵأһҶ
¹˭֣δۣ̫磬ģǲǴģΣ
ӢϷа֮ɫִˡ
ãҪıģˣӴԺ㷢ѪЧңԶҵˣΣ
ô󣡡
ҲһݶԼɲǿЦģһԼ˾ҪˣǾ֣ūλͬ
Ӯأ
ʵ
ӮˣһҶӦ㣡
ں˵ϵѾﵽ壬ȻҲûеģ߱ǿĹܣΪԶ֮ϡ
ãˣҲҪ㷢ѪģֻҪĸԸҵŮˣ˶ѣˣһԼū
ɫ˵һεĶע湻ģǴԼ
Ϊӵ㹻ţŸ֮һģϧðա
ãһΪ
Ц˵ƺ˼֡
һΪ

˶߱ǿҵģԼĺ󣬶˶ΪԷһ䡣
Ы֮׶һεս޷ˣ˭ȡʤҲʵԤ⡣
ʲôʱԣƳһʱ𣿡
ʵ
ͲƳ٣ƳٵʱԽԼʤʾԽߣϼֻ꣬µʱԷѾûսԼʸ
ʱ䣬𣿡
΢ЦʵʱǱʱ䣬ԼǡÿȶڵΪȡٴͻơ
ãǾ£ºҾս
֣˵ʱѾԶΪֻҪµʱ䣬ԼķȫϵʱνǴ´࣬ңԼĵڶҲҪˡ
ģΣΪʹȫʵԶԶڵսֻڵΪȻޣζԿң
ɵ£һɢȻ侲ʵ⵹Ϊ˴ţʵ׶ԷĻΪֻвܵİգȴûбʤİա
Ҳ£ڼ˲ŸҶǼŮȴҿ󹧾վ
ڷĺԴǽޣҲǣһޡ˲ʵġѪҲΪĹжɽֲ棬ҲӦӦԡ˵츳һңһĻԵɺϲŵԽҵΪҲԶԶ֮ϡңһһڸ;СԣΪԴ󸶳۵ģ
صЦѾͬһ㡣
΢΢һû뵽Ȼ츳Լ޼ΪԼһ׶ΡǣȻ޳ڵķȴζʵϣ˵ڵΪһΪԳһһȴ̫ˡ
ȻǿŻἤĶ־ôҲͬһսֻҪԷڵΪǾͲΪ塣
ڣڴˣҲ֮һսοֻ޳һأ
ˣҲ޾壬ʱ׼ҵŮ˰ɣ
ٺЦؿɨ裬ĺ߳һ


862 
ʵѾûκʤˣڣҪͻڵΪѾЩˡʱڴﵽɺڵΪҲԲҵĶ֪֡Ϊķô°ɣ
Բ˵ȴ־Щƽž͸¶һϢ
һˣԷҪǼڷ֮ϣѵ뱾Ϊһʵ౶Ӳɣ
Ը꣡
˵ȴѾʼ˲Լζ䣬ʧȥ˵ϣӵеһУ
̬Ͽң˵޵ߴﵽΪɹΪʵѾͻڵļޣֻΪܷԵʣ޵߲ŻѡȻ뱾롣
ķʵȱ΢һѣһ޵ߵʵ
һӵһʵͲֹһ֮£ϣⲻҪģҪǱٶȺΪһ壬ߺΪһʵ˲䱩ǡ
ڻᱩǶٱǵÿ޵ߵ츳ҿԸ㣬츳޵߸ͺڵķΪһʵ屶ϣ츳ǿһ㣬ʮʵҲ޿ܣ
ֻҪ츳㹻Խ࣬պΪһʵƽһΪԽ࣬ҲԽͻյ硣츳ѣ־ǿ޵һ㶼ѡӵзһλҲ߽Ȼͬ
ҵ츳ȴǲ㣬ΪһٿʮϵսԣŹͷˡ
Ы֮һֲ©Ŷ˵ĶԻЩؿҪϣԼԺа
ѵһ¶ȵ飬˵ĻҲ̫ˣΪһܹʮϵսԼﻹаʤ㣡

ֻ³֣ư֪Ѿ޳˷뱾Ϊһ˱̬;Բע
ôˣڣҿԸȡԼ
˵󣬷һߣǶԷȡԼǾǵС֮м֮
ҡҡͷȻûаգȴҲȡԼԷǿҲȻڵΪȻԼһġԼܹǲʤʱ
ģҲģһŬߣʱ㡣ҵϣܹºսʤңȴǲܵģ
ЩȻ˵İʱֳǿǿŵԴȪ
ѹŻжΪԼսҲʼµʱһھͻƵڵΪһ
һ󣬶Ѿ·Ϊºս󣬶˾һ𴳵ΪΪŬ
ֱԾһɽȣͻȻɢ˺ڵΪƿʼɽ֮ӣ󾪣֪ΪΥԼǻϽʹߵġ
ʲôСıϽʹ׷ɱ
ѵȻ˲ɣԶ˾롣
΢΢һЦû˵ԣϽʹ߸߸ϣǶԣϽʹ߾ԼĲƷ
Ƭ̣̫ձ㿪ʼƹٵѳɡ
ѵҪɽ٣ͷ̫ϧˣѵºԼս˴ﵽɶĺô
д󾪣ͻȻЩ᲻ɽ٣ֵֺ㺣û᲻һˡ
йϽʹߣȻ֮˭ϾȻֱ١
յƹƱһ߶ɽʱҪǿʮϣ۵ѹҲϡ
ǰɣϽʹأôֱӶɽ٣鷳أ
ЩƵ˵ֻɢ˺ڵʵٵǸ
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տʼ׵ըʱȻ˲ƻӣӴľž٣ڵʵҲ𣡡
Ľ鲻κΣʱΪżˣǾžȴǳֲ١
ټٽ£㽵£Ҳܹɹɽ١
΢һԥѾܵĻᣬһεƺסԼȻ˲ƽĻᶼûС
뿪ģ˵ģҶɽȥ㣡ڿ뿪
ҲЩż˵ΪٵĿ̶ֲΪԿġ

ʱǲãезŴˣһμʱЩøУɱɱŵӵļһˡ
øΪͻƵĹУּս£ɹսʤѣ˶
һΣѾĺøдŶһʱ䣬жȴصİĽС
ž٣ҲΪžؽ٣ų޵߶ɽٵ߲ε٣ϡ٣Ϊ츳ѵ޵ر׼ġ


863 
ûжɽٵĴ㣬ɽ٣Ҳڵߵĵ̶ɽ٣֮ȴɽ磬硣
޵Ѿʲôܣ̽鵽˺ڵΪʹв֮
ʩչ¾žؽ٣ȴҲͬһѡ
ԭǸʹǴ½̽˭Ǹйһ̽£ֻǴ˺ڵΪ׶ɽ츳̱ƹܽ׵ʹ߷Ϣ
˭룬ȴ¾žؽٵƣʹߴ󾪣ϸ̽Ϣ󣬷ԭԼϢȻٷ˾ž١
ȻֻܹʹΪʹûиıٵȨƹٵʹ֪ǽʹ߷ʹϢֻĽֽԽʹߵսա
ʹΪߣȻƹٵʹߣΪȴ쳣ǿˣֻſ½޵߾ϴķ
ˣҽôˣֻǸ˺ڵߣΪηϢŪɸžؽأһˣҲˡ
ʹƵ̾ѾԤ⣬¾һ٣ԷҲ޷ֵס
žؽ£һεӴֽɽУǴﵽڣͬҲ޷ѡ
ƵĸյĿֲƣʱѾûжܰ취ˣΨӲͷƤɽ٣žؽһΪڵ޵׼ģʹüܺʵҲ㹻ﵽڵΪ
εΪڲԶΪƺƴԵʣðǰĿıΪ˹Ħֲ١
žؽ٣ȻСӣһʱ俪ս׵ļ޷Ȼˡն콣ڵҲޱΪʱֵ£ҲйӰ쵽硣
̫ˣȻǸʵļһҿӻǸߡϣֵܹ٣ҲͲøʲôˡ
ʹ߿ɢƣаԾϲΪֵܹסžؽ٣ԼŲڱ׷ʧ
ѾܵӰ죬Ϊ˵ڵҲԿžؽ٣ЩҲԸȾžؽ١
ǣڵߣڷ֮ǰʵѡ԰ȫٷȻõĺôžؽ٣ȴؾžٵľһ
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ڽ׿ҪʱͻȻЦˣЦŶޱȣЦΧΧĪ
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һЦŮרõģڴʱȴʹˣӢӵĻһЦͬ˾ޣ
ֻΪһЦһУԺУоȫЦ⡣
Ծžؽ٣ȻЦǵģҪˣûжˡ
˵еĵǲûΪЦݶ٣ԽԽԵ÷꣬Ϊ㼫츳޵ߣʮҲһԳɹɽ١
ڹȵף̧ͷǵ٣νҪģֻһЩʱˡ
ǰҲڵľžٵɴʱȴ֣νľž٣ȻʽͬžپȻ湥Ϊ
Ĺ޵߶ԣǾԲԵĶֶֹΡ
Ȼ޵ıǻ磬߶ﵽһĸ߶ȣԣžΪԼɽٵĳɹԽӡ
Ȼɽ޷⣬Ҳ޼£ԣѾֱ̬ٵ
һʽǿֲɫڿƲţƾͬЩıһ㣬ڻ֮С
ϵЦԭžٵĵһ˿ֲ
Ȼ޻ϵԪأٵﵽһļޣȻΣ
ڣ翪ʼɽ֮£ٶȲ죬ȴγˮͰϸĴ
ɢɫâǽս׵ļ޷ն콣ȴУûԷɽն١
ʲô
ͬʱͷȵŴͣѾ³׼ζȹһ١
ƾķѡӲžؽٵĵһ٣Ĵ㡣
ɫѾϿհ֮͵Ŀֲȴη壬̧ͷƽɫǺơ
⵹ԴֻԵһ٣ΪһСģһٶ޷ôѵ
䣡
͵ǿֲɫ˲ȫƬɱļʵ̫ˡ
ۣ
΢΢սţȴһڽɫѪǽɫѪ󲻾ȴԶĽ֡
湻͵ģ
ɸ̾΢΢ԵЩġ
ٵԳߵϣҲѪ


864 
ȻϵﵽЧԷɽֵµڻˡ
߱缼ܣһ˺Ϊ壬ǳ֮ѾѸٵĻָڲơ
һУʮ֮һȴû˿ʹҲ޷ߡ
⣬ôܣǴ˺ڶɽôӵǿķ̫̬ˡ
ʹ߼ȾϲԾǿϲõܹס٣ԼιΪ͡
ܹסž֮Ѿ൱ϡ٣֮Ͻʹϧţǿѯɽߵ˼лֱӷ
ž٣ȻֻǽףȴҲԶٵ
ЩճյԼȫ٣Ҳͺʱ״̬࣬ؼֻΪܹѾʵǿˡ
ڵڶٽ֮ǰڵѾָϣʱڶٵƱǰҪǿһֹ
ƴˣ
ȵٴοսǿ˵ĹעУֱӽܵڶٵϴ
䣡
ε˲ֹһԾǽսҲ޷ǿĹºΪһƬ
屻ʮɣϱһţѾڵϣȴǽշɽ
湻ǿģҾ߱ԣһԣҪֻǿסġ
űԴԼб츳û缼ܣƾϴΪ
ڶ֮Ѿ˲ϴ£Ҳǿ
Ӳžؽٵ٣Ϊǰ޹ˣˣǽʹѾĺϲ£͡
ٽʱѾǰٵܺͣȻѡֱƾֵ
䣡
һΣ֮˵֮£ԼĪγһԼʮɵĵصѺۡ
в㱻壬ӵصѷзɳʱѾȾɫѪҺϵ򲻿Ŀһֱֱӱ֮罹ˡ
ǰٵûзУƣǿֻ²õҲûаٷ֮ٵİգֻܹ߾ȫƴ
һžؽٶȹôζʵѸٵһԴﵽһֲΪ
ŵĵ֮ǰһ˲ˣñ仯֮Ϊ״̬
ǰɣһﻹǿ󣡡
ʹ߱ȥѯԸԸڱƹٵʹȴǲٱĻᡣ
ʹñ仯֮󣬵ĵ͵ϢĳӰ¡
˴󾪣Ϊĵʵ̫죬Ѿ繥һɫĻ档
ĵٹϣղűĵ͵ϮԪ֮壬
ĵǻ湥ȻǿȴΪԻڵĻɫ棬ԣвԸС
Ȼɫ棬ֻǿˣɫҲˡ
ҲͱڵϽǿ˶٣ôȻĿԵ
ҲӲȥˣȴΪԵɺϣһ޵ߣɵʵ٣ȴϵ϶мߵ裬ǶԻƿԺųƾݻһˣԲܹĵ١
ڿٺһΪԼΪ˾޴ĴۣΪٵȻǰĵٵֻܺͣǴڱ£Ȼܵĳ
ڵٹİѾǿֲɫΪƬ
ˣ䲻ڱɱǻٵΪҪ޸һ١
ӵб仯֮Ҫ޸ֻ˲֮£ǳ֮ȫ޸ƣһǽս޸ٶԵЩ
֮ʱֻǿ޸˴󲿷ƣʱȴͻȻɽ֮гϰС
ڿסٺ󣬵ٿ϶ҪΪǿ޾ٵϵῸסٵӴ
屻ɱԪ֮ܿסʣµ٣ԣգ׼Ӧ١
һ֣ɽӣ
ʱѾ޽ӽӵչֵơ
ս޷ЧԶԶɺ֮ĹʱȻ޸״̬С
ಣ
ԽսջڣԱֱ١
ٳʱӴĻӵдݻһеƣҲ˲٣ѾԶԶĳϽ
޵߶ʱ󷨣󲿷٣ȴûʱ׼зɽ֣һӡ
ɣ٣
ɫƽ˵ڵģȴвٵʱڵ֮γ˶ҪȫЩȴҪһʱſ԰쵽


865 
䣡
ѾǴϸ⣬ȫֵƬɱ
еĻ۳һƬ𺣣ȫʽһȫȫλĹ
ಣ
ն콣ǿĽںϽ棬Ƭɱ𺣽ʱȴѾĽռ䡣
䣡
ǿĻγɵƣһֹȴǽӰӴƻ䡣
Ȼһ⣬һƬ죬ܵƻγɵЧ
׷׾̾ǿȻԷԶԿٵĻ档
ٺº˸Ļٵٶһ㣬Ľٵȫա
ֻ뷨õģʵȴǲпģΪһŵ
ٺѾǽʹ߾ΪˣΪһλԲͣǽʹҲϽķڿϲ״̬С
ǧҪס٣һҪס
ʹԴʹûʶžؽٵٻʲôʽģʱȻҲڴ
Ѿ˵Լ츳ǿˣΪ٣뱾Ϊһ£Ҳ֧ٽԻҪǱĶࡣ
ڶɾžؽռƣΪٵĹϣ⼫ļ˾žؽٵ
ߵټʱѹѹƲ㾹ȻƽƲһѹޱȵĸоƺ֮л𽫽Ƭء
յĽѹ£ΧЩΧ۶ɽٵǧ߼һΪյĽѹ̫ǿҪΪֿǼѰ졣
ٴգ׼ֵߵ٣ҲЩûаգǰ٣ǻ٣ֻʲôʵĽأ
ǧ𻻽׵ϵǻɱϵĽףֻڵΪ޷
ţյƻǿ׵ߵһͬСɡ
Ѫ
ĺȵһƬâ֣£ͻȻðһ棬ϻɫ档
ϻɫȸղŵٻҪǿһأֻԶԶ١
ϻɫ滷ͻȻһɫҲڡѪĺâ֮⣬ֱϻɫĻ㣬ɫ㡣
ȫĿɿڴû뵽Ȼ˱̬ͬԿ١
뵽˶ɽٵķʽϵ⽫޶ȵļٶ˺Ǹ¡
ԵٵĲڵͬʱٵʵķȽսҪǿʮֹ
žؽͷŹǧΣھžؽŰٶˣΨһɹžٵȴһֻǶɹٷʣ֮ȫǰٷ
٣ҪһԿ٣Ƿ֮Ϊױȣ޷ס٣ó
ߵٽ֮ǰյѾȾһƬ
ߵپȻɫɫĽ壬ڿ໥ڣеâ֣֮ںŻ֮
˿ŵ٣ҲЩηˣĽ̫ԵˣеĻҲûĿԶܡ
ǸţΣֻҪɹɹžؽٷһкܺõδɣ
мΪϲȴЩɬΪһѡˣԺټ棬˭֪Ͻʲôжô޴أھֻܹ˵Ե֣οǸƮ硣
ʱǿеڼӣڵҲ١
ʹڴӿжݳΣڽյƹܽʹߵϢ󣬽ʹдϲΪһɹžؽ˷ԼܵĽҲֱһΪʹߵְλ
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ϽʹһԹȻʲôɫ
ϲ¶ɹžؽٵǰأ涨жѡ񣬵һԶٶֱӷڶǼʣ٣֮ٷʹ㣬Ϊں˵Ҳǳɱӣʹ߽ھͷ磡Ͼɹžؽپŵٵˣ֮Ѿû˭
ʹڿл˵ɫ֮˷֮ɫϣֱӷðռʣµ١
΢΢ԥһѸٵ׻жǿԻѹɽߡ
ںϽ룬Ͳұ֤԰ȫɹ٣ֻлϵ˼ְա


866 
ǰΪ磬мΪ棬ӦǻĽϰɣˣΪβƴأǶɹžؽˣ֮ʵǿɣ
Ѱ˼֮΢΢һЦȻȻ֮ڶû˿Զɹžҽһǰ޹ˣߵĶɽٰɣȻУҲ׳־һ
ʹд󾪣ȴ̬ȼҲֻ÷ͼɽٵϢȴǲԶɹ١
ڶ߶ɻΪβԱֿ٣ȻȻ֪ߵݡ
ʵϣߣҲߣʹáѪԱΪħߡ
ߵб仯ˣҲѾﵽһ塣
ʧǵѾĺ׳־۷һˣôܻһĲʱ㾪ȣĻԻȴһһչֳһ˴ֵ쾡¡
䣡
ռըˣըУ漸Ľһ𣬽һĹĻ̩ɽѹ㳯ѹȥ
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ٽ֮ǰѾһƽϻɫĻ棬ϻɫɫҲԽԽӴ
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ɫĹĻգǹڵһûȫɫû

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ɫĻֻʱ䣬һӰֳȴɫ԰ֽɫѪҺĻȴѾڡ
Ϊɵֵס˵ߵ٣в˷̾
֮ȴŭһǱ̬٣ɱҵԪ֮壡
һĻȴˣ˵Ǿ仰ƤȻһһı䣬˲ֻʣ˹ǼܣǼҲһƬðɫ
ߵֲУֻһͱȫɱܿסĶ١
壬Ȼֻʣͷ塣
ٴη¡ڰ˵پȻ֮죬Ҳһ
ߵٸչڰ˵ٱڿлƺʱܽ١
ʱϧƴ˲ٶ޸壬ȴ֮һ
ʱϽ޸壬ֻڵڰ˵б㽫
ոԱ֮壬ǵڰ˵ٱ㿪ʼѹ
Ѫ״̬£ٴȻǽɫ磬򻻳ǳ̻档
žؽ٣ٵҪԶٵǳ̻ҪϻɫǿĶ࣬Դڰ˵٣Ӧò
ʵϣ»׷׵ģڶɾžؽٵĹУȻûóԼȫֶΡ
ɫΪȴһֱûʹãĿıΪ˶Կһ١
ǰߵٵĸܣһһǿ󣬶ھŵҲᳬǰ˵֮ܺ͡
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ֻ֮߱ʣͷǹǣֻѾǱɱˣȻԣֻҪ岻׻٣Ǿǲ
˲֮Уٴλָԭֻɫȴһ˿Ѫɫ
ɹ˵֮ΪڴʱѾ½ɳڵΪʹѪҲﲻڵΪ
ɹ˾žؽٵǰ˵٣սѾʮֱ뺷ˣǽʹߵҲѾųOͣ·Χ۵޲ĽѣҲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ھŵĲ죬ȴѾЩ޷ݣǰ˵ټܺͻҪǿĶࡣ
䣡
ٻδ£ȴѾ˵棬ھŵٵѹ̫ǿˣʮɺڵĽڿͬʱɢȫһѣڵ½˳£Ȼվĳ̶ȶ޷ﵽ
ͣһ٣͵óˡ
мѣﾹȻȫǺˮǵİΣɵġ
žؽһ٣ǺεȺ֮£
סΣΨִʵĻ棬ҲǿΪھŵٵ̫ǿˣֳֳǿ֮ĩ״̬
ԸٻʤҲܹսʤ١
£ƹٵʹҲԵֵ٣УΨһĵı


867 
ھŵٵƺۣѹ޷վֵ
֮֮ںϰɣ
ͻȻٴð֣ȴ˸ı仯
ǳ̻Ѿɫ滻˺ֹһΪɫٵĻ棬˵ȴѾ˼ȼ
⣬Ķ־ȻҲʼںϣһյںһ㡣
еںϣҲУԶԶյΡ
֮ںϷѾγɣǿֵĿ£Ȼӵϻվ
ͬʱΪȻͻȻڣȻƼǣֱӳɺڵΪȴǰܵڴʱ
ͨգںǰİ˵ףʱ˿̣Ϊǣɢںǿ
Ҳ˵ھžؽٵͷǿģǷʽⶼﵽƽһ塣
ಣ
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պͻȻʼһ˳ʱķתĸ߶ȣתٶҲԽԽ죬תȻͻƵھŵٵѹһ·ϡ
˵ĿɿڴУѾ˾ǵھŵٲԶĵط
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ڶɽʹһܼȴǳЧԭתԼЧı˳
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ڵھŵУֻзת޷ֲֵ
գʱҪһתΪͰװ˷ѵھŵˡ
ͬڵھŵдԽٵĻԶԶϵı
ǺԼĪ֮һĻ׷ϣУһȻǴɶݡ
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ԭھŵٳں⣬ԽѹһᣬǵھŵٱֻʣһȥΪǿĹ
ЩѹҲȲɫɫں
ھŵٳͷʱȻתɽֱֱľתתһ޷ݵĽ⽣֮лɫɫں
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һΣãǰκУǱѡ٣ֻһͨתԿھŵ١
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ںڵɢһҲͳ䶨
ǹУƺȫʧˣҲʧһɹɹɫͻȻĿɢ
ΧһƬϲЩѾתΪ飨ϿգԣƬ߶ԣϲ¡
һɫڴֳʱȻڵһ˫Ҳǽţµȼš
ǧҪ£ҪˣҺ˭ȥģ
мȴǲҹȥΪϽʹڴˣǱǷԼʵԻ̽١
˫۽գҲѾͣˣԪ֮ڵ֮ڣȻȴֻǱѡ
ڶɽϣߵǻȴд̽顣
žٽһһ۵ߴԶ˲ƶ
ʹߣ
ʹߴ󾪣̹ʩ񣬶ǽʹȴֻǵͷ˵һ
Ȼɹ˾٣̫˼ˣ
ǽʹ̾ɴ۾ܿ̽鵽ֻƱȽأûھžؽ
ڴʱȴϢĴǽʹߵΪȻֻҵΪԼڵΪ˶١
ڶɹžٺһ֮ʵ̻ᱩڷ֮ǰȴ޷ڵǷ


868 
ֻζɾžؽٵĹУΪɺڣķѾԶԶɺڵķΪɹǿֲľŵ٣Ҫǻӣǲ漣ˡ
ϲѣɾžؽٷ磬ʵ֮£˽ʹŷ磬ӭѷ
ʹֱӷɽ棬Ц˵ЦдĽ£֮ɫ
˷ŷʵΪ츳ʱɹžؽҲһˡ
֮ˣһصÿǣԣʹԺĺõ㣬Ҹţ£Ǳġ
ѣ˽ʹ֣ɣϲѶɹžؽ٣ҽѷ硣
ʹ߱϶ǽʹ߹ȴҲ뷨ĹͣƴһҲҪȡ
ߣ
ʹһеζȴǺԣǽʹ˽ʹŨŨɱ⣬вɰ
ʱʹͻȻ䣬֮гһƴһķ΢ЦѲõƣ⡮֤ƺܿ츴ԭ
Ҳû˵ʵ˲أʱ֮װֻʱ䣬Ѱɱ˵ʱǲ÷Ȼõġ
Ȼ벻磬ʱ͵ɱڡװ˵Ŀڡ
ǡʱȴһɫ彫סɫͻ޸㣬һᣬƱѾȬ
⡮ĹЧȴҲΪѾӵǳ֮ᣬǶͬʱˣָٶȴǲֹһ
⡮Ǹöȡˣܹã
аƺתȴǲ˵ֻŶˡ
ʹ߶̬ȹΪɹ˾žؽ٣ֻҪ֮󾭹룬ʵﵽһֲľ磬Ͼ츳
ȫɹ˾žؽ٣ڴʱôܻѡأϾûǷǲġ
Ƕһǽʹߣһǽʹߣҵ׸˭һ磿
վ΢Цʵ
ʱʹڴˣҲҸ̫׷׳롣
ǺǣʹߣȻҸѷ磡
ǸʹߵڵʱΪҲòðΣˡ
ʹȴƤЦⲻЦʱͻȻرǧ룬ɱ⣡
ﻹͣ׷׶ԶȥȴһˣȻԸԶȥȻ
ʹѾע⵽ϳһɫȴΪ̽Ϊһϲɫû뵽ԼôãַһΪǿߣ
㣬ʹ߹
ʹ
ƽʱ֮ززﻹȶԷסԼֻȴĲԲûԶȥ
ʱǽʹߺԼд󾪣̽ԷΪ󣬷ԼԶΪҲڶ֮վţԣһҧǽʹ߷˹ȥ
ǰʱǶʹ֮ɫʵŮӵ
һ˲䣬ľݱ˶ʹߣǽʹƣΪнʹڣôȻռ
Ư椣
ʹ߾̾ȴмΪˬȴûб¶ֻ¶Ц⡣
ȷʵǣȻ磬ҲҵС椣
ʹҲ̾
˶һۣͻȻͬʱЦƺҵȤ֮ͬ
ȿȣ
ʹ߿ԶȻϵС椣ʵѾͻһƣҲöɽˣϣӦöɾžؽ٣ڣϽ׼ɣžؽٺܿή¡
ƺתˣҲ˲٣ȴǽʹߵĻˣʩʹߴˣҪ¾žؽ٣һû׼ãסžؽٵ
ѣôȤ𣿡
ʹȴΪΪԼ椵ɵòʧ
ôͨһ㣬ǴպϰɣûʲôȤ
˵ĿΪ˴̼һԼ̬ȵΡ
ŭмȲˬΪԼʵ̫Լʱ̹ȴ˶ԴԼʵ̫ˡ
ûȤҵЩȤĵȴһȡ
ʹû˵ֻ꣬¶һЦ⣬ǽʹҲһ󸽺͵Ц⡣
ҲЦˣЦ˺ܴޱίԭԼȴͬ۸Լ
С椣밲ȫҸһѡҵĵʮŮˣҾͷһʱɽʱҲ㰲ȫɽ٣Σ
ʹ߻Ц˫۶´ԽԽ⣬޲̾ͽ˵ڵء
ɫֻ΢Цеɱȴ˵ǰֻЩʹߵԪ֮壬ôǰٷְɱǡ
Ķֲ£µڰЦˣʵȴΣֻǶʹ߻ûʶΣգûʶʶ


869 
Ǹ񾲣ǳϲЦŮӣʵһݹ°ֻǰʱʹ߻ʱŭգ޲õɱôܻӦ
㣬Ϊ֮ˣٻᣡ
ȴǽʹߣֻǶ˵ⷬкίȷʵ˵㺣ָоܺ£Ϊڷ֮ǰϲһˡ
ֻȴһȸӵ飬һ˵ĺøдﵽһ߶ʱͻĪŶԷ
Ҳĳָ飬αװҷⲻǸ飬ȻĸǾԿսʤֵġ
ǵЦ⣬ĶԼȴΪʹڵԹۣȻΪ˺ʹùϵԼĴڡ
ȥɣ
΢΢һʹȴν˵
ԭʶ
ʹžȵʵѸٵĲ²˵ĹϵܿΪǵĹ۵㡣
һŮϲȴϲģǼȱԼҲ
ʶ죬ôϤʲôùҵĸܣڶûʲôо
΢˵ȴǼһʹ˵Ŀģһһ˫
һôǿʹ߷ɾ裬ڶôշ뷨Լ̬ȵΡ
ĲţҲûʲô쳾żݱ룬Ҳڶϳģ
΢΢һЦЦ
ͬʱһľ޶𾪣͹ɫ㣬ʱϴЩ΢һЦǹǣҪ֮ġ
Ҫˣ
ʹԥֱӿɫ˵ʹҲ˵仰κʵʱҲֻܹ۲ˡ
һˣҲ˵仰ȫ˵˱
һ˳۽£ȴµ˲㱻ɾȴӲ۾
ң
ѸٵĵóۣΪʵԣûаٷְ֮٣Ҳаٷ֮ʮš
ϲΪβ뿪ϲΪλǳβϲΪᣡ
моʹʹȴһҸĸо
ϲչǺ£ҲǵŮӣϿʵҲǸǿŮӣǹļǿİҲͶĸ顣
ֳ·ԼıĴܣԭ̶̵ദʱУԼѾϲ
һμǸоУʱΪǿȴȻɢǣԼһĹ°
Ȼǿ־ڶ򣬽ڽȴĳķŹڡ
Ⱦʱƺǧɹˣǳڳ£̸ţķ벩ѧ
ɾžؽ٣Լǰչʲô˵İԵʲôеǿߣ˶ҵԵʡ
ǿߣҲԲϲһߣԣɹ٣ֱ֮䣬ȷһ£ԼϲѾģ޿ɾҩϲ
ߣûôף򡯡
ʹͻȻЦ˫̷Ųá򡯣ʱͬʱġ֮С
΢һԥڴʧ֮ززᣬڶԷġУֻһ·ǾǴܶԷֻʣһ·Էܡ
ΪһŮӣɫϽʹߣˣеĺжôң֪ġ
ѣһԹսС椣ҪȤץȸã
ʹɫѬģʱֻȻ
Ϥ㣡ҲǷ֮Ͳսˡ
΢ЦȻ󷽡
Ѿû˷ŭеȴŨŨĺ⣬ԼûˣԼΪʲôһĮ֮ˡ
ǸʹѾƽֻսĿǰҪġ
ʹΣңøصĴۣ
Ц˵ƴﵽһֲĸ߶ȣȻԶڵΪ
оЩȴȲѣΪʹߵʵΪܻɲֹڵΪڵʱôš
ߣݵÿڳԣΣʹ߿ǾƷֶΡ
ʹߵϵҲɢ𽥴ﵽڵĶ塣
ʹЩĽŶˣȴΪΪ£ʱֻεĺˣΪڼĴѾԶԶԽڵΪޡ
ͬʱϿУңҲԲԱ۸ߣʱ˪һַԹԵʮ㡣
ҺԱʤȻǲһߣʱڿУΪƺǿ˿ǽʹɢơ
ʹֻΪʹߵݣܹѹһأʵΪҲδؾͿʤڵߡ


870 
ʹΣҾʹߣǸӣҵôߣұʹߣ
ʱĹ°ֳݣ˵飬İȻ֮ٸ˽ʹһ
¸£ƾ㣬Ҳ˵˴󻰣ȱʹ㣬㵽ȥ˵󻰰ɣ
ʹ߹ЦƺһҲûԷ˶չ˱ʤġ
ߣ
һֱͻȻʼΣȻƾԼĪ߳ңֱ֮ȻûΪһ̵ķɽ
˵ľУֱ۶ĲѾΪɽɽαĽһ
һ֣˿ֳַɽ״̬Ϊ˷ɽΪһ֣Ȼǳױﵽ˽һЧ
ҲΪַľֱۻΪɽֶΪȻԼԱ仯֮ûĿֱ۵Ĺ뼫ƷɽᲢۡ
츳ȴֱûķɽġն콣һ㣬ֻһ۱Ըоĵ
ȻޣһûĽޣȻ츳ˣ
ʹаСӶԷȵ
ಣ
ʹߵξȻһΪμһһֳͬɫķɽ
չֽʵ󣬽ʹȴٻϻ΢ѹ
֪ʹֶڶ࣬ɵʹ̴󾪣ΪԼķ޷ڴʱսԾȫĴ·硣
Էڷĸ£սϣңǶԷ뱾Ϊһ壬Լ͸ûκʤ㡣
ǽʹĬĬĿŶչָԵʵǽʹչֳĵȻˣԼǰ಻סֻ²һɱʹߡ
ԣնȴֲն
˵նΪʹߵʵ˵նȻΪԲԹۣȴںʵʱԷһ
ʹΪŵڣǱȫӵĴڣԣĶֱʹߡ
ڶԷĶεв£ͻȻƺʲôڵĵڶȻڴʱͻͽҪаϲѡ
С椣Թ־ܰɣ
ʹЦȻͬʱֽȥ
֮Ƴ£ʱҲһһеķɽնһɫĽ
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һι˫Ǹ֮ԶΪһ໥̽󣬶˵ս޼
ԭʹԱ֮£Ӧǳ޵ʵġⲻ֪ʹߵ츳ԶԶԾȻ˸൱
ʹҲˣ
Цһʮ֮Ȼʼռƣ𽥽ʹߵĶλˡ
ʹпֻԼ֪ԭĬĹתԷӵıҵʵԷĽӦ˵ֻɣʵսԷ츳ȴԶԶԼģԣԼξȻ˱ԷѹƵ״̬С
¶һ˿ЦʹҪùˣô۸ģķҲڴ˴ֻһ֮ԼʹҲֲ˰ֱˡ
ʼΪʹ츳ȻĴ澴η֮ģսȥ֣ԱսȻԼ֮Ķ֡
Ǳ仯ɱ壬ԷԼĶֻ֣Լķڴ˴Լֺεĺ塣
ʹޱȣԭΪԱ㹻۸ԷȴϣȻĶ֡
һϮȹڿһÿһεĹԵþᣬȻ⿴ѤõĹʵԵޱȣĽˮйһ㣬ıǽʹߡ
ʼʹƾ豾ĹغһֵܵĽֻǣĹԽʹҲ㡣
ӱ֮޷죬ڶһƿأԴﵽͨľ磬츳ԣܿҵ˽ʹսеȱݡ
ʹߵ츳ʵڲ˹άҲǽޣʵĲ
ռ֮Ѿ̽˲ͬĹʽԷһ߷ԾʵչĹɱһǽʹߵѹ
ܵѹԹʱʹߵķֻܹѡȱ壬һΪռݵԽԽ£ҲԶԶڶԷ
ಣ
ͻȻ֮˲ˣýʹߴʧɫԱ׼Ӧ˲ƹ
һ
ĺӽʹͷʹ߼˲ƻδǰѾ
䣡
˲ûܹռݱˣһˣаԳԾԭʹߵʶԶԼ֮ϣҲ̽鵽Լ˲ƹ켣


871 
Ȼͷʹ߿ʶϺǿʵʱδǿ󣬲Ҫʹֶˣߴĺ޻֮Ƕ۵飡

ʹں˵˲䣬ѸٵĽһ𣬵νһƾȻ
ˣٶȱ壬ڱҲĿɿڴöԷΪˣ
Ȼֱ壬찡ѹޣ
̲ס˵ʹҲǿ۽磬㶵ĶȻϲ£
ʮ󳬼ޣ壬ں򳬼пڶȳޣʹ߻ʶ䱾ġ
ʹһĪĿֻţԼôˣȻ츳޵ߣһƾʵɹžؽپŵ٣һȻǺųƺ򳬼ڶĳޡ
츳ɾԲһ˿ԱģʹΪ츳ãڷűƹܽףǼԿֺõĿɲ¡
ɫ㣡
ı壬ͻȻһĪ˸УգǱ仯ΪͼԼǣѾ֪١
ݲ̫ı䣬ֻ޵ľһͷɫĳɢֱ䣬ϰȴ°
һɫβڿ΢΢ţڱ仯Ϊ򸲸һɫսףս׷·Ƿ仯սס
仯Ϊ֮ƺǽʹߣΪ츳ѵĳޣʱҪϺܹܶ꣬Ĺܶ౶
ʹЩˣԼıһܵ츳Ӱ죬ֻܹǿ屶ս屶սǰıҲǿ˺ܶ࣬ҲܹǿԸ޵α塣
ʱʹѾֶԷڱ仯ΪʵȻԶԼ֮ϣޱȣԼҪݵҲ̫Ѱˣǵ츳׵ǿߣԺ磬Լ֮ա
ڱ仯ΪʵսϣȻڵĻڽ޵ĻζžűߵʵѾһ硣
ԭ㱾ΪһʵôСǸ߿ʹˣû뵽ʵȻƹܽף
չԼı壬ʵǿޱȣƾƱѾǽʹѹġ

ʹѡ˱ȴһͷ;޴ĺɫ꣬ڱʵȻǿˣȴǱˮнȻסɢǿơ
㾹Ȼǳ޵㣡ҽǿˣû뵽츳ôǿʧˣҸӣǸɾžؽʱһչˣ
ʹ߾ȻڵǸ⵹֮⣬ѵʹ߾ôһʵڿƹܾžؽٰɣ
ߣҲаۣ֮ͬԲѷȣѾҲŹ㣬ԣʲôݣ
ǰ͸ʹߵΪԲŲʹΪУֻڣȴǲͬˣҲû뵽ʹߵʵ˲
΢΢̣һĨζýʹд󾪣컹ǲˣǶԷܵǸԼҲֻкޱһһս
ʹ߲Ǽ츳ϧŶѣΪƾڵʵʤʹߣֱЦ֮ڣʹһѡҲӣˣ
ʹЦͻȻɢ֮ɫ˾衣
ϻ˵ұǲݵսҪô㽫֣Ҫôұɱֻ·
ƽ˵ԼƸ۵״̬УҲܹս
βսԺֲܿȫɫģɼһߡ
ãǱʹ߽ͺޱչʵ֪ʹߵ
ʹߴսͻȻıʱȻǿҵġ
ΪθԼԼսˣвɰľԼڶɾž֮ǰսѾע漣ԼԲĶ֣Ҳ໹ԶԶֹһ
ڶ壡
ʹߴȵһͷɫеĵڶܹںϽ壬ʵΪǿ
ʹ߽ڶ߷ҲΪһʵֱеĻһԼĪʮΪս
ﵽڵʵһ߷뱾϶Ϊһʵӵı츳һ츳ϲԼĪ屶ʵ츳ǿĿ˱սң츳ǿʮʮϵս
ڵĵڶ뱾壬ʵֱһɵӣڵĵһɡ
ԭʹ߱߱ڵʵڵһ߷ΪһʵԼĪ屶ڵڶ߷ٴμ뱾ʵֱͬԼĪ屶ңǰ屶ʵǵͬʮڵʵ


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ɢѹǿվΣȫڵϣսѾ⣬ʼԿǿơ
ЩˣʱͻȻİĸоҲԷɱԼְԵơ
Ȼ츳˵ĸУİԵԴ飡
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ĬţȶԷ侲ϾʱıƽʱĴƺ߻ħ
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ܱ߶ƺһâ֡
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أɫĺ˿飬ҲĿ£Ѿǿҵıɱȡ
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ķɵǰǱƽȫ֡

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ʱеˣȻԸܵԷвһҲԷ״̬£Ǳֻ̬ڼ㡣
һȨ⿼Ǻº͵ķʽָ̬

Цֻ˵ڣΪ˲Уʱѡǵġ
ȷʵҪûк壡

ԿЦͬŮһ㣬Цԭ㻹ǾҵģãҽͷŹ㣬ɱ㣡̹ǰѪģ
ƣʱѡѾûˣǷѪģԼҲͻսͬˡ
֪ڷˡѵǵԼ֮ҾһۣʱҰˣһƾ㴦ã


878 
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ʮ˵ɢŰȻ֮
ȱ״ɣ飬Դӳ飬ԼҲһسŵģ
º͵Ŀ˵ΪȱΥ棬ϵı֮ɢ˲١
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ģֺϵı֮ٴμ˲١
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Բ˵а̾ˣǸղԼѡֻħϸ
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ͬʱ˵Ѿŵ΢ЦȴдϲΪԷڲЦǻָǰ΢Ц顣
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ҵţһ죬һԹԳģŮҲҪĻʵ۱£
а֮вκа֮ɫȴֻ¶͵Ŀ⡣
˵֮ⷬ󣬷ĴãΪȴ˸߿ԼȻǼ䳩ġ
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ɬ˵ȴǿɰޱȣΪƽ˼ʡ
ҲãҲգˣеĵһŮû˿Աȵ㡣
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ˣкðɣҰɣղǲǶףԲŶÿα仯ɱ壬ƢЩ޷ơ
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ΪʲôΪʲôģº󻹻ḰԼ𣿡
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ʱ˿̣ˣԽԽԼղŵΪݣڱ仯ΪЩ޷Լڱ̬£ǳǿֻſԲŻԼ֮زز
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ĿǰΪڶɹžؽٺΪѾﵽɺڣʶﵽɺڵĶ塣
ûսڲ֮أǶıںϺսֱǱ̬ǿ
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ಣ
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879 
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ˣжԼĪΪŮʵǿȴҲԪӤڵΪʱȴҶԼǳ⣡
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ھݣ޵ߣ󲿷ֶڵͼΪ׶ΣȴǿԿ϶ġ
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ӵĵλƺŮӵϲ٣ֻǾԣͬڣͬСһ㡣
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ϴ׺Ц⣬˵̬Ϊ¿ң
ǲð죡һǲ˵ģ½⣡Ǹʦֻܹ
̾ϢһȴŮӣЦŮҶԹоֻҪṩһԽ⿪޵š
ŮӼΪȻԹоֻҲ̸ֽѣΪȵĹ޿Ƕǰ޷Ըġǧÿ궼ȡ
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Ͱ׺Ҳƽ˲٣ԽƽʱڵġеٶҲԽ졣


881 
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±һɢޣͬȴΪڸǿУͬɢˣԣ¹һˣ׼˳Ѱʧͬ顣
˵ʶʼ̽ǻŮӵΪȴõһ˵ķ֡
Լ̽ΪʱȻɢһʥֹ֮Լ̽顣
ѵȻڵΪ
д󾪣䣬ΨŮͻɱ֡
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882 
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Өһ㶣û뵽ڵ˵ĻȴţȻ˵ʲôΣˣʸ𣿻ʦ̸۵̫ˣ
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ʱһһĹȥУ޷ʱţΨȫȥ
һȥʱ䣬ڴ󹦸ɣϡ

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ڵͬﵽһµĸ߶ȣȻһȼתΪϽɫ硣
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ܹﵽĵȼΣôǳģΪǱֻ֣ҪĵȼȥˣȻС
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ͷǲ֮ϣʱһſǳҫ貵Ĺâǳҫ԰ܣǣе˲ǡ
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˵ٶȣû˸ɷ츳ҲΪԼȴʱ˵仰
ڣŸո𵤣Ҫ޳ɵһȴңԶ
ŵıھžؽٵǿȫգֱ޳һɷҲж⣬οԻٶȱһ޵ҪϺܶ࣬һСʱ޿̲Զе㹻ſһɷ


883 
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ǽ𵤷ѾĽ׶ΣѾﵽ˷Ҫ󣬻֮תɵһʱ䣬Ҳ޷ȷ
ʫʫ˫޸оΣ
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ڣԸʫһʫҲ᲻ģΪԵ˫޵ĺôǷŹֻᣬʫ׷䡣
ԶٶǸöãϧԲġһһٶȱӺܶ౶ԺһٶȺпܻ½
̾ϢʫҲͷΪԶศɵٶǲܵġ
Ұ˫ޣҲͣٶȻ졣
Щı˵ʫ˫糺죬ڿһ顣
ʫڵһ㣬Ѿ߱ˣΪദУĬʮ㣬ʫҲϲһĸоٶкøеġ
ڶ㣬ʫҲԲüƽϣΪԷΪѾﵽɺڣ츳϶Լʵǿ
ڵ㣬ʫ˫ԽԽȤԼпƾһ㣬ʫһԵıҪ
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889 
ðɣҴӦ㣬ǿ԰˫ޣ
ʫһҧӦ
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ֶûǣ̸۰˫ޣƺЩֻԼŮ˰˫ޣǶ˫޺ʫҪԼŮˡ
ʫʫԸҵŮԸ⣬ǲſԽа˫ޡ
ʵʫӵĵͷѾݻȫ֡
Щ飬ȱκһܷ
磬ǿʫԣ߲˫ʱʵ߲Ӣȵȡ
κһﲻʫͷӦԣ֮ĸ˵˵ȥԵ֡
Ҫ׿ڸҡ
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ΪʲôǸ׷꣬ȴʼղ飿ΪʲôҲദ죬ȴͬһӰΪʲôһûκηȻԸŮˣѵҵ𣿡
ʫһ˲˺ܶ࣬ڹɬԼᶨ˵ԸŮˣԶڡ
ЦˣʫһЦ⣬ʫ£Ȼʫֱĸо
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ʱûмɵĽǣŶ˽ӵҲóҶࡣ
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ʫɬʼ˳㱻һƬ׹֣ϾȻ¶ʥɬϢĴסˣΪƷһ覴ãȥ£
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˵ʱɢɫââܿʫɢâںһ𣬵ӵһʱγ˽ɫɫ֯һĻâ
ʫסı۾о֮ЧʫĿޣ񲻹һ˲顣
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ʱʫΪɬˣ˫ֻסزЩȻ
˵Ҫôôܣ
ʫʵķʲôԭСܵܡ


890 
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һΣеʹԣҲŸ˵ô࣡㲻׵ʧȥӣ㻹û׼ãǿԲôġ
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лл㣡ãõңҲʹΪ˾ʵɣ
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ţģһһġ
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оһΪĴʱҲɢӰΪΪ˶ºҾҪϧκλᡣ
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ʫɬĵͷͻȻоӿٶȣڵġٶȾȻӣǰٴο
ٶӵͬʱһ޷ݵĸо崦ƮƮɵĸоʫ̲סг
ܿ죬ʫƴС⣬ѾӨһ͵顣
ٶǰδеٶʱƮƮɵĸоʫԽרעС徹ȻԾĿʼӭ֡
ʫ޳ȽĽ֫סϴʥɬ˫ر飬ҲЩмܲסˡ
˲˫˰ʱңѾЩģΪʫĿޣȻκһŮˡ

ʫо嶼ڳ鴤̲סг߿Ƴ
ѾٶȵЧٶԽٶҲԽǻ籣ָٳ̣Ϊָٳ̵״̬£ٶȿ˲ﵽٱϡ
˵ڸ˶£ںһڵġȻʼŶ˵УʫġҲӿڡ
ַĽһʱٶڴﵽ£Ҳʱоһ޷ƵĿб鲼壬Ԫһйڴʱ緢

ʫֻôԴѣεƮƮ״̬УͬʱԪ֮Ҳһкǧ
ʫʫ

ͬʱŶԷ֣ٶȴﵽԵĶ壬Ѿſʫ֮ʱڵٶȴﵽ˵״̬ڵֱơ


891 
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оڵķ𵤵ѾѸٵɴһֱȻֱӳؾ磬ﵽ˵ɳڣżﵽɺں
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ǣ㹻ʫϲޱˣԭΪԼҪʮʱ𵤣˭֪ǰЩˡ
ҪͨһʫΪƾԼ츳ҪʮϣԺ󶼲һ԰쵽Ǵʱ˿̣𵤵Ȼǵɳҵζţʮڱɵһ
츳߶ԣʮ޳ɵһȴҲһǳѵ飬ʫʱȴһ㡣
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ȵɷܿǽ𵤷Լٶڱ仯
𵤼˲仯ԪӤ״̬Ȼ仯Ϊ״̬ģһģһ
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۸ʦˣҪ۸ģԣ۸ңٺЦȻ󲹳ûƭ㣬ҿû˵ԼֻΪԼ̽ģôԹأ
ӨˣȴĻٴѪ
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ʱӨͻȻٶȼƽʱ˶ʮֹдϲæ˹ɢ΢İɫâ


892 
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ΪӨʫͽܣԣҲСʱ˹ֻʱΪ˰ڴʱҲһԵȫӨڡ
ӲֹͣСӨǾϲӣ΢΢ֳʹ֮ɫڵԪӤȻֱڣڵӡ
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Ϊý飬ӨѹסЩҵ
ԪӤڵڵĽǼ򵥣ҪԪӤڽڣЩѶȣΪﲻӨԳ
ȸڣҪȫȴҲֻоգһṦӨȫתΪҲԪӤڽڡ
ˣʵǿĵҲŷڣӨ˲ڣϲԽҲı˲١
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ƹƣû˵һʵԪӤڵĵȴѾʼˡ
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ֻ˵仰ֻ˫˵ĵӣȴǷɫĽӵ֮С

ֻһҽУӵ㱻ɱԪӤҲûĽɱ˲ֻʣһ֤ղŵĴڡ
ǼҲȥɣ
ת˵˫ųԷӨҵļ˵˲һ
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ƹ⣬ƹҵһ˵ʲôȴǱŵ˵
Ͷƹ⵹ûйֻǿ־û뵽񶼿ɱˣԼҲĲס


893 
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ӨȰŵͷӨķϣһϿ˳Ҿ˲ɱǡ
лǰɱ֮лСʦã̾ˣ
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ˣ죬һɽһɽߡ
ĵһɷ뱾ΪһʵȻﵽʮ屶ңҲЩš
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Уй԰Բ²ʫڴʱΪԭڡ
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鲢رϡжţʫȴЩ⣬ĿޣǵҪǿſɣҲ൱ԼﵽΪ
ǰʫֻǵԣԼ˫֮ʱҲֻԡ
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һ˲䣬ʫǿ߾Ȼͷ⵹ĴҲЩɣЩ֪롣


894 
꣬ٴΪ츳ԭȻˣÿһ֮ʫ԰۲ĵĶ־ȴ̿
ȥ̣ļʵڶţëͨҪһΪʫҪʮ꣬ʮꡣ
츳֮һΪԵֹʫֶԱ޷һ˻𣬱ܹһ˳ɳΪռǿߡ
Ŀޣһΰ˫Ϊ࣬ûĿޣнΪǡ
ѭùʫ֮ԿΪƸУΪ
֮ߺ֮࣬˵ϱٴεĻҲԵ֡
ʫߣȴΪ磬еʱ䶼
ڸ飬ʫǴʵ״̬Уʱ֮Ҳһ£ֻǸȴһˣԲ
Ǹ˷ǳ㣬ȹʫȻ޷ʫ룬ʫҲпʼȴΪֵܣʦѣȴȥԶ
ʫǰûΪ˭Ůˣ˫ʱȴҲδȫķϣΪԻûɡ
ڴʱʫԼѾ߱бĸҲѸٵԼԡ
οӢޱȣ츳ǿҲʫǣԣۺأʫڴʱҵ˸Ĺޡ
һ仰Ҳû˵ֻǽıסˣҲĶ̾
֮ĶԼҲܶһǰˣӨȽϿɰҲɱΪС
ʫԼ֪жδ޹ˣһȴǿ޵˸ͬߵһ㣬ļͷȾʪ
Сʱʫֹͣʱ΢΢һЦʹ޳ָʫᣬרעʫ΢
ʫбϣԲȱ޹ˣǲĵ飡ӵбˣԺ֮·һƬúŬɣЦЦһ
ȰοһĨʫԸ鲢̫ŮҲΪЦ
Ǻǣ
ʫʱЦʱȴʤգЦɿĴˡ
ʫ
૵ʫߺȻУǺŵ㡣
ӵܾãڷֿ
ʫʫҿǻܹܲγٶȡ

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ǿ˶ٶȣʫٶȶ޷ﵽ
ʫʫһ˫ްɣʲôЧ
ٺһЦ˫ַסʫ֫
ţ
ʫߵӦ
ϵսͬʱʧܿڿбһһΣ˵ٶҲָ״̬ԼĪҵٶȣȵҪϲ١
ʫԣܹڴʱٶȣѾˡ
ԣٶȲ̫Ϊڵġʱ޿̵תԼͨսΪԲ˫޷ʽ
ߣһ״̬ʱҲ޵ģʫȻ£ҲͿԼְСʱһСʱңʱ̫
ǣɴáԶУ˼ȴרעʫġ
ʫȻŹߵĻᣬȴǱǿŪƮƮɡ
ֹ壬ԣʫҲͺñʫĳһ㣬һ϶Ȼᵽĵ˫ܸо
һʱʫѾ糺죬ղŵǹƮƮɵĸоԺлص
ʫʫڴﵽʲôΪˣǲ޳˵һɷ
Цʵ
ʫǺһЦشͣѾ޳
ǰɣô̬ѹָղŵƻǿĻʵ̫ˣһҵ츳Ҳ޷ȱ̬ٶȡ
ЩˣʫĿҲǰװ˷ѵģΪҲ˱̬ıǡ
˵˶ǰأôܻ˶ĺôôΪҸղŻἤĿ𣿡
ʫЦúܿɰ⵹ٴξþޣΪʫƽʱıܵʥׯϣ΢Ц١
ʫʫʥ࣬Ǳĵ֪Ů񷽲ŵıжôˣ֪᲻ᾪЩӣ
вԾ뵽Ӣ¶һĨаȵЦ⣬Цȴûа֮飬ȴ˵ĸо䡣
һֱŮŮ˵Ĵʣֿ˳տ񣬿ҲʱŮֻεأ
ʫһʱˣӢаȵݣֻݼ覣ϵЦԼȻĶ
ʫʫߣ֪Ը𣿡


895 
ͻȻѯʵ
Ը⣡
ʫ϶˵ûһ˿һԥ
ôЩô죿
ʵ
ϣǿԼһһڴˣһǷ뿪Ҳš
ʫЦɷһڴ˶ԼӰҲ̫
˵ͻȻһŭɽֱǾ춯أ֮ɽζ΢Ҳܲס𶯡
ãа
ʫʧɫвΪʲôʱ򣬾ȵаṥɽ
ߣȥ
˲Ƴ˲õĽƣȻʫȥ
ɫ£˵ĵӾֲڿУӨָ£һֳӣ͵ŵġ
ƹʱͬӨСʦƵģվǰָȨȫӨ
ƹĸԸκʵܲпᣬڵ֪ӨϵǳƹﻹӨȨ˵ˣʦƺ۰һ㡣
ƹûκɲӨԣ˵ĵӱ㶼Өˡ
˵ĵӾԶǾȣȥֲĺ¡ɽҲڵҡҡλΡ
𣡡
һɽٴͻȻһӴϢϢ֮ǿ˵ӿԵֵġ
ˣ
һĳǰȥʫҲͬˣȴȲ½ƣԽƵֵǾȵӴơ
ֻһ˲䣬ˣɵʫ½֮ȴ޷ʹú䡣
䡣
ھȴֲƵ˲䣬˵ĵӷ׷״ӿˤ䣬мʮ˹ֿĵգۼ䱬
ʫ⿪ƣ⿪ƣҲſԾǡ
̺
ʫ䲻ΪҪԼ⿪ƾˣûκεԥ˲⿪ơ
һĲҽͬһʱ䣬Ѿȫ˶˲ƽ˺֮С
˵ֻʧʮӣȫɹ£Ȼ֮ǾͶ಻ʤ
ʫʱ𾪵û뵽Ĵռ侹ȻԽ˴洢ȥǼ˵顣
ʱѾɲʫ룬̷ɵߣ˶һۣһоڲС
ȵԽԽֲϢ˲㳬Խɺɢơ
˺󡣡
ǣʫ֣ͨź󷽼ˣһֱ˳֮⡣
˰֮⣬ǹȻǳǿҲңԼСȣֻº롣
Ҫаɱҵĵӣ
ʫᶨ˵ղżʮӵĲʮַŭ
ʵȰ˼ʮΪͼĵӣӣ
Ȼ룬Ҳû˵ڣΪЩӻ֮ˣԼ϶ҲͶԷƴͷ
ʫʫżӱʮ겻ҪϢǧԵ޹ʵǹ޳е췣
ȰѾյ쳣仯¡д
㲻֪Ȼ췣Ҳа޿κΡϽ֮Ҳڴ˽٣ΪаΪ̫ǿ󡣡
ʫ̾ϢȻ㽲Ϊѡ￪ɵԵʣʵΪа
аɱйɿѭԣ⸽ǿ֣߳Ϊаµǿ߼
ˣȻҲа޿κΣ췣ǶԳ˶ԿֲǶаȴֻǲƷѡ
аı壬
һǿߣ²򵥣Īߣ
ı壬ҼһΣȴֲͷϳ˫ǣɫƬ
ʫⲻ֪Щȴд󾪡
ʫʫĪаǳ֮һ壿
סеļƽʵ
ʫЩɻȴǲΪҡͷҿɲߣԳ޲˽⣬ֳֻ޵֣ȴ֪һĳޡ
Щˣʫߣǻһ˵塣
ǺǣʫʫһܣʵҵЩأ㿴𣿡
Цʵ
αװߣһʼƭңһǿԸоߵݡ
ʫʵش
ʵӦߣΪҵı岻ࡣ
ԼŮԲʵ˵
ʫɴ˫ۣôҲߣȻ˵ǣǱӦˡ
ʱմ¡췣ѾڿγɣѹɽͷʫҲܵ췣Ŀֲ
췣йƶйɢԽǿ췣ҲԽǿ
ǽµ棬ᱻ췣
ǣʫֽһ˵ɽͷΪ췣ĿԲ֮ڵ߶ܹܵǿֲ췣


896 
ʶ̽ȥŷ˷ЩǱġ
췣ڿмۣ˾žؽٵһأֲǾȵȴһһ
ʫǣֲɽͷΧҲв߸ϵ˳ѯʣδ˵ʫ㽫ʵ档
ʫʫĵң²棬ϾЩߺϤ
а뵽
췣һʱ֮仹޷ϣΪаɢ̫ǿ췣ҲӦǿ󣬰Ĺƣ췣ٻҪʱܹϡ
ʵ̫ǿˣ췣ҲȻҪ˳ʱֻۣҪаʱϢ췣ȫûЧ
˵ɫ˫췣Щȥ췣
һ޵߼췣Ψֱ֮˸ȥ췣Ҳֻ츳ѣȴͷΪ˲Ÿ뷨
Ƭ̺ɽͷ˽ߣЩΪһ͵ĲԪӤΪߵѾﵽڡ
Щ˲ҼǰΪ췣ѹɲǿЦģܹԶԶĹ췣ǵѡ
֮䣬аȫ룬ЩУһͬģ϶ʮɣҵľ롣
ʫռݵɽͷߣλȻҲõģЩȴ˷ãɼ˿ʼڵλá
һԼĪһһ˳ڵߣڶһ˺ڵŮӡ
һȴһ˫޵£˾ﵽ˴˺ڵΪ
޶ԣɢʵʵͬʱΧ֮
ڵֻһЦȻ̽ʵΪ׼Լٺϡ
ʫȴûбκ˷ϣΪʵֻܹ̽˵ıΪ
ȻֻʾڵΪʫʾǶɽٳڵΪԣЩͬʱԶˡ
ڼλʱʫҲعͷȤЩˡ
Ư椣ϷŮˣǿһ˫ޣ¸£ϷҪˡ
Ǹ˳ڵͷ૵
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ЩˣȫɱأɱˣҪҪЩǣҲ͹ֲĺˡ
΢΢һĨаЦ⣬ЦȴЩ̣Ȼ˻оеɱ⣬ʫҲֻǸоһɱ⡣
ɿڽǶҲЩ⣬ԭЩ˰ӣһλΪһλִȥ⵽ֵֵã
ͬǿΪȻδ֪ĵ˽֣Ҳһ̣˶ʵ൱ţΪͬߣһԪ֮ԱвȻսлˣȴǲġ
ߣ׷ţԸ
߶ݺݵ˵д˱ϢʱΧ૵׷ţ˵ӵвʮ֮һʵ׷ŵƮ죬û뵽ڴ˵س֡
׷ΣʮţøϿ˳򣬱ֺ
˺ڵŮЦҲһֳ֮ɫ
Χһۣ˶ηĿŮӡ
磬˸ʵ⣬ʵԲݺӣһǿɣʵȻǿԷҲһҲӡ
ԥһᣬʱģʱʫʱһڿˮһᣬߵʲô˲ģ׷Ÿţбֵ¼¡
ŮӴŭ׼ýƣһֱ˵֮еȴǿڵǶǲϿ쳷ˣ׷ʲôʲô
ǣССҲҶطǲ֪Ůӽӿڵ
һȻûн˷Ҳǵɡ
Ůͬʱľв²˵ݣȻ뵽󳬼ɵı¹ȣΪ¹Ⱥųǿ˫޳ɣеĺ߽ܶʽ֣˸ǣȻֻ³
Ǳ¹ȣ
߾ʵ
㲻֪
Ӳм˵
дŭԷȻСԼȻǱ¹ȵģҲ̫
߻ɶ˸Ǳ¹ȵߣΪǱ¹ȵߣΪβֱӳݡ


897 
ಣ
ŵŮȴѾɽǶˣΪŵĶֳˣʱ˿̣Ȼ󳬼Ҳøκӡ
׷ž±¹ȣȴǲ塣˳뿪һῴڱ¹ȵһ򣬺ߣ
֮Ůŵ˵˾һ
ʫʮȻţ֪¹ȵʵɲ⣬Ůƾθ¹ȵĵӿ⣡
ȴ֪ԭڣȻԵʣŸôŮҲЩ֪֪ǶǵΪ֪кθ룡
ţȻұ¹ȣ
¹ȶ˾ͬ˵ҲͬһʱɽɱʼӶ
߱׼Կ¹ȵĵӣȴǱŮӼҲɽŭɣʲô˲ģб»Ϸ򣡡
˾Ȼ㲻Э˵ҳһţȴĽζ
ಣ
Ůʩչƣһ˲佫ȫ˽֮С
˽͸ƣĿıǿԼ۲췣ʫ޵ֿԷĽƣƸסˡ
û뵽ŵĵңſɹֲңģ㱻Ǹɱɱеӽ
Թģô˵һθԼ˲õӡ
ʵǿΣȻұԼĳΪū
һʫȻжԱʫȫǶֽȻͬˡ
ʫвްȴһżᶨģһʰ֮ģʼԼҲĵ⣬ڶϤ㽫ЦԼȻڴﵽɷʵԼǰҲ޽֮ɫ
һĹ°ŮˣϾ΢ЦʵȥЩЦصʱЦɱʱҲЦʫĳЩͬ㡣
һǸŮӺŵĶԱ¹ȶչ˹Цֵ
׷ŵȴԼʧȥ˶֣չֵʵȴǳԼ
ˣǵʵôôǿǳ֮ˡ
߸ܵ˵ϢɼʱκϽ˳ˡ
׳գаʫҲǶҡҡͷ̾ŵΪܲǡ
ŮӵΪͱǶ˵ʱȻһжΪԼȲʤȯֱǸЦ֮顣
¹ȶ˵͸Ц⣬ûʹȫǼװС
ˣ˵ĹҲﵽ˴˺ڵʵһ߱˹Թ˲Ͼûȥ
۷׷׵Χţƾ˵Ŀ;֪˵Ĵʲô
ǱеĵˣΪ˳ڱ԰ȺۣǰΡ
Ƕˣȥɣ
Ůޱȣ˺ڵĹȥޱȵǿ߷׷϶Ӯⳡս
װֵסɢƣʫˣɫͨ죬ʫҲǴˣԻҲ˹ɫǺ졣
˼˵˽ϣݼɲǸǵģģڵӦеı֣Ȼԭأͣ
Ůռ˳ƣ׷ߡ
׷ŵ߲Ŵ˳ΪŮӴ˺ڵĶֵֻ֣һУϵսױѾ٣޷ֵ˺ڵĹ
ŮӺܿжϳ˱¹ȶ˵ʵԼĪڴ˺ңǵĹǿ
Ǹһʲôн޵ʵ
ŮӿЦǣһ㽫¹ȶĺʮɡ
¹ȶ˲ţֵŮӵĽʵôãΪѰҰԻտС
׷ŵĳͷôһʵҲ᣿
ŮɭɭЦͻȻһ˲ƣȻ׷ǰ
׷Ѿ仯ɱ壬Ȼһͷͻߡ
ǣ˵ľʵ̫ԶŮӷӳ˺ڵĽʵߵĴ˳ΪγɱЧ
ŭŵֵȴ˲䱻ԷĽնΪأھʵǰߵĵֿԵͽ
һɱ׷ŵߺŮβ˷ͻȻӳһƬ׷ߵԪ֮塣
屻ɱ׷ѾδʱеİԪ֮Ҫɶݿǰٶȿ׷߸ܡ
˺ڵ֣߳ٶȿ϶ȴɳߵԪ֮ܶࡣ
ɱ׷ŮеİѾȫߵԪ֮ס
ʱ˿̣¹ȶȴԹۣаŮѰ·
׷ߵԪ֮屻ǰֺ󣬸޷ѣԪ֮崥ǰʱ׺䶥ܡ
ŵŹҵԪ֮ɣˣ
ߺʶʱѡġ
㣬һʵҲᡣԪ֮壬ҪˣԺһ㵤ҩǲѡ񡣡


898 
ŮӹЦ׷ʴ֮ġ
ŮȻôݶϷһݣƴˡ
׷ŵ߼ûãֻʣһУԪԱˣǻΪ鲻Ϊȫ
̵ġԪ£ԪԱ𣿡
Ůõ٩˵׷ߴ󾪡
һ֮£Ԫ֮Ȼ޷Ա׷ᵽˣõʹС
ѳɶ֣
ֻǣԷԪ񣬶޵ֵ֮Ĵܸ׷߷Ĭˡ
ĲУƴУܹκΣ
ʱ׷߲ᵽĿɹкĪ뵽ЩԼµߣǵԪ֮屻ԼʱҲоɣ
ϷŵŮϷȻҲǴġ
Ȼ̾ϢгΡ
ȿɾɻ
̾ϢȻڶͣȻαװЧ¡
ĺܿһڵҲڴʱ˿̳㣬ϧʲôȥأ
ŮӿЦ
׷߼Ҫץˣݺݵĵ޲Ҫ⣬Ѫϧֻˡ
ʱǱ¹ȵȴͬʱһЦЦ˺ڶѣȻôһɱ飡
Ůд󾪣û뵽¹ȶ˴ʱ˵ȻɣѵжԸԼ޵ʵ
׷ƺ뵽ʲô쳤Цˣ̫磬б¹ȵڣ㲻Ϸһ³ˣϷҡ
죡
ŮӴŭջءԪʱ׷ߵԪ֮ҲűѹȭͷСԪŮ䡣
׷߼ੲݵԳŮӱıףʹ׷ߵԪ֮塣
׷֮屾ǸӲ֮ˣŮӵķ£ֿʼˣΪ޷Ԫ֮屻Ƶʹ
׷֮߱ʱŮŽעڱ¹ȶϡ
Ƕ޵ò񣬾Ƕ֣ҲǣΪޡͶҿһ
ŮΪҪɱˣƺЩܣΪͬߵУܲѣɱȴϼѡ
ǶԷѡԪԱŮҲ޷ԸԲ˵Ķһ
磬ôŵ𣿡
¹Цʵ
ŮӺ˼¯Ƚץסɣʱ˫֮ʱи¯Ҳôġ
Ů˱аЦ
˴ϲŮӣҪ˿ޱȣǽŮѹ£Ȼȥı飬֮¡
ν¯˫޵ȫͬ˫Ů˫ǿΪ
¯ѣŮӵ¯λūͬʱᱻԪȴǱȽϱҵԪƻҪʹ࣬Ϊ¯Ĺʹģһеȡ˵顣
õŮ˵֧֣аˬȵ򡣡
һӵиǿĽʱ˲佫ԷĽɣӶﵽǿֹ߽á
ŮʩչĽƲǴ˺ڵĽƣʱڵ£˲䱻ɡ
Ƶȴ˺ڵҪǿʮϣԣŮ¶֮ɫ
ʫȻԼ˰ΧȥҪǲܵˡ
Ǳ¹ʩչſԷӳڵΪ׼Ůӡ
ͺŮϵıɺףɰױ죬仯ĸ죬˲ɰԺЦԭҲԱ׷ߵ³
߷׷ԶԭеλãΪȫû뵽Ǳ¹ȶ˻ǵڵߣʵѾǳǿˡ
Ůսڲһ仰Ҳ˵ʱ˿̣Щ֪֮Դ˺ڵΪԿڵߣܻʤ
ʱڶԷĵ֮УŮӾܵļûС
ˣͶͶҿһЩԪԱҶ˿ɲ´ڵԪ֮Ա
Цд˵֮ɫŮӵĲҪϼ֡
¹ȵͶŹҰɣҲҵˣ
ŮֱѡͶΪԼ߾ȫսҲͽ͵ģǻֱͶ

֣Ůӱεķ˹ȥԺαΪͼ¯
Ļսж£·ȥ
һץסŮӵĳһҲϧֱ
ٺ٣
¹ŮӴʱҲĵЦһƺݺݵŮӵϡ
ŮӼˣðǣΪԷǵڵߣȻԲᣬǶԷ˾󲿷ֻԼᱻһȷԴ


899 
ҲΥϿȥ·Ȼߣ
Ůһ⣬ŮոףǵѪδȥǱ
ಣ
ŮϵսױȥȻϵĳȹһᣬŮӵıǰ
׷߹ЦʱֵŮȴ޿κΣʱᵽ׷еĸоʱֻ˭ݺݽѵ¹ȵˡ
¹Ƕ˾Ȼͬʱһֻ֣ץסŮǰļͦ
аЦţͬʱѹǣŮӱ㴦֮£ȴҧס촽Լ
ˣҽУ
һšŮӵһز󱬣Ǳ¹ȵŮӳָǺ飬ȻŮӵһزˡ

Ůкݺݵű¹ȵĶˣΪ̫̬ȻԼز
һƳĲҺлһļЦҺȻŮǲŵļЦ׷
ûи磬㽫زˣһô氡
¹ȵЩŭ˵
ߣּˣ㻹Ȥ¯Ҷ̫ˣ㿴ģһ㣬زҲСʲô˼
¹Ů˵󣬹һͦأǸʵĵط߾۽
߱߸⣬ĳЩʱ޹˼ɣŮΪεȥ·Ҳ޶ܸ߳Уǻߣ»ԸԱҲԸⱩ¶ôƼ
ǺǣĵȻãʱ̫ˣܵһʵİɣ
¹ȴҲ޹ϵͣȻЦ˵
ߣҵôڸв֪
¹Ů˵󣬾ȻһͦزȻһ·˺˶˫徹Ȼ·
˫嵱ĳǰȻǱ¹ŮӹģϾȻŵ֮ɫ
֮߷׷׵ɴ˫ۣű¹ŮǲΡΡزһҪˮ
¸£ô¶ˣԽԽ̬ˡ
¹ȴǺٺЦһҲŮӵķŵΪ
ŮֻĴʹز󱬵ĸоɾԲôܵġ
ڣŮԹ֮ɫԪԱĶˡ
ˣ㿴ҵҲɣ
¹ӾȻһͦĿ±¶ΰ
ۡ
Ǳ¹˵֮ʱµͼѵ
ʫһֱɽ뵽Щ߾Ȼ˲֪ܣ֮ǰѾתȥ˫Ȼա
Ҳ̫̬ˣܲˣ
ʫƵ˵ȻŨŨɱ⡣
Щһȷʵܱ̬Ҳ۽ˣ
ǺЦЩ߸ڴǰΪȴҲСˣȻ޳ܣȴα
˵¹Ƕͬʱʫһöдϲ
ŮӲĲһˣȥץʰɣ룬ζӦúܲ
¹ŮаЦȴ
ٺ٣ҲҲԳζ˵ˣʶԷ
˶ʫıӰµСܸܵΪΰ״̬Ȼǿȥǿš
߿Ľζñ¹ȶҲ˸̼ĸо
Ƕ˻ѵҪȵȥץ𣿡
¹ͦСܵܣһַ棬ɱ
Ǿ仰ȿɾɻ
ٺЦͻȻһ޳ָһһ㳯¹ӵȥ

¹ȵȫû뵽ԼһߣæˣһסĽ
һţӵСܵҲѸήȥҲû˷ŵΰС

¶аȵЦ⣬һ仰Ǳ¹Ӵŭ
ţָû˶ԷΪڣɲóȻڵĽᵼй췣ڲԶðտɲֵá
ʱŮӴϲΪԼˣָоȻǺˬġ
¹ȶ˴󾪣һۣԴӶԷп˾֮ɫ
һָ֮ñ¹ʹ˳ʵǿ˵ʵҲǵΪôŮʵҲȥΪǿҲǰ˫ޡ
¹ӵǸ֪Ǻ֮ˣ
ɢ޶ѣ
ȻЦŶԷ˶б¶񱣬ɾö˺ɵˡ
¹ȶֻɢޣ׳˼ֵǱ¹ЦǶҶ˿ˣǽ˫ޣΣ
㳤ôǰ¸ͬһͷĸƵģΪޱȣĵһ˶ģΪʲôҪȽ£
ǺЦһ仰Ǳ¹ȶ˲䱩ŭ˼ͬʱ


900 
ȫﾪˣʵ˵˴Ҷ˵ĻΪǱ¹ȵŮֻеƫϣδﵽΣеȴΪӢޱȣŮΪԼΧŮ˶
˵ķɽնʱȴǸûܣ΢ЦŶˡ
ʫ޻ͷΪ֪Ǳ¹ȵҲ¶壬ʱȥʰǰɣ
ڵߺϻ֮ȻǱЧնʱɻޱȣû뵽ԷȻԴ󵽲ܣս׶δ
䣡
ֱնؿڴǽ˷¡⣬Ȼ·ûնƣȻ˲֪·ǽսױ仯ɡ
ս׿ɰֵͬ޵ߵĹԷ˵ΪŵڣʵĲʵԽĺ蹵
ǻɱѽôҲˣ
ٺЦϵЦñ¹ȶо겻ԷȻ޾ΪĽζʲôȻ뵽
˻ûü˵ͻȻ΢Ц˵򡣡
˲Ϣ֮䣬ѳɣ¹ȶȫɵˣĲ֪룬󼹱ĺˮԻĲԼˣ
һĻĻܳʵʷȱǺܿ죬ֻڰʱ֮ڣʱ¶ԶЩ˵Ϊ
ǰ
¹ȶͬ˵ʱʲôжԷľʵˡ
һĻĻƣŮӵ³¹ȶ˼Եˡ
ΪʲôҪǣǶղųԲѷΣѵһҲԸеªĶû¶Сܵܣǲ뱻˸أ
һ仰Ǳ¹ŵĻɪɪս׵ס¶֮ȴԷʹߵһĽ
¹ȵܣȴҲֻˣΪʱɺڵĽȻɳڵĽǱ¹ȵҲ޷ܣοɺڵĽ
ಣ
ȥķƫбӱ¶֮һ֮˸ӣ˳иΪΰСܵܡ

˸ʹǷбץصʹǿأ޷ȽϣŮӱץһزӰ첢̫󣬶ӱԼɺڵĽ˸ȻҪָԭе壬졣
ΪѾɱ⣬ֻ˸ѣ
˫ɵı¹ȣ˸飬ΪζԺ޷бŵ˫޹
Ǳ¹Ůӻæս׵ס˱¶˫壬ȫʵɵˡ
ٴεһָȴں˻˲㽫ӵСܻܵΪҽ
ʫʫ̫𣿿ת̫ˡ
Ц˵ʫѾ֪ʲôҡҡͷȴǻعͷǱ¹ȵĳһѪģϵȴǾʹࡣ
ǰСһɣ¹ȵм
¹Ǳ˸˿¶Թ˵ģŮҲɥģ
ʫʫ˵ҸɱǸˡأ
ЦѯȴȴʫĿ飬֪ĵʲô뷨
ʫʥ¶һĨЦ⣬ñ¹ȶͬʱһϲ׷׶ʫġ
к֮£ǿɹģǶȻԴȴҲ֮
ʫ׼Цֻ˵˰ػ
ȴ΢΢һЦ͵ǵģȷʵԴҲܿ
ǻۣʫ˼Ϊеɱڷ޷۾
лǰ֮
¹ȶͬʱڿУޱȣҿ
Ȼ˵к֮£ȴǶڱ˶ԡ֮˱пɺ֮˸ֵͬ飡ԣ뻹ɱǱȽϺã
ʫССĬһ£Ǳ¹ȶɸ߿ͻȻĸоŵĻ
ǰǰɣɱǣ¹һΪǱġΪһԱ֪Ǳ¹ȵĺɣ
¹ȵ֮ʹһУвԷʵϣȴ˫нҪôסԷҪôἤŭԷ
Ŷܲ˼ֻһ߶ѣأʲô¹ȣҲںСӾ׼ɣʱ򻹸вң
΢Ц˵ָٴεһ⽣֮ȴǳ̻棬ԸڵԪ֮壬ȫ㹻ˡ
ͣ
ǽ˲䴩˱¹ӵսףȻһŻ͵ĽΧ

¹Ӳҽе޷ŶԷĻôȻ˲Լ塣
췣ڴʱϣҲĥˣٴεһǳ̻潣ŮҲΧڡ
Ļ潣֮£ڵ߸ֵܵǣ˲䱻ڣʣһűѹԪ֮塣
˻ƴģΪҪԪԱ޷쵽ֻܹġ


901 
аļһ΢΢һЯŶ˵Ԫ֮ڡ
֣ٵɶ˵Ԫһֻķ˲ʮʱ䣬˶Ĵסˣʫڡ
ΪɵߵԪ츳źܸߵҪ󣬶˿ٵַ𺳡
϶˺Ůӵлǰ
ǰȾң
׷ҲڴʱҲȷǲǻԼٻһϣȻҪ߾ȫȡ
΢΢һЦƾһץߵԪ֮徹Ȼ˷ƣǷ֮С
ಣ
ǳ̻𣬶׷ȴǴ󾪣û뵽Լצ뻢ڡ
Ҿ㣬ѵǰҳԲѷ𣿡
Цһ仰ңԼɡ
ʱŵŮҲĻŵˣΪԼҲԲѷˣҲŹԼ
΢΢һЦ΢׷ߵԪ֮㵽С
ֻʣŮһˣʱսţ֪Լ׼ԪԱȴ̾ϢһһѾŮǰ
һץסŮӵ֣Ůھ֮ʣȴΪԼˣϲӡ
Լ޸µҪüǸظزƣǳ֮ȴǼӵ顣
޸ŮӵƺŮӵزҲָϵļȷŸҪϲ٣
սߣһɱ㡣
еɱʱǿʱľһ󣬻Ǿı֮ǰ뷨һ
Ͼ֮ˣʵҲﵽ˴˺ڣʵҲԲô׵ġ
һΣҲȻԹԹΪԷǸŮԼΪˣҪЩС
ʫЩ⣬ΪηŹŮӣһˡ
һɬζʫͷ֣Ͼ֮ŮӣʱʫҲЩԼ顣
ôˣô᲻ϲŮӺãѵǳԴף
ʫʵ
ʵǾŮһ뵽ղŵĲ񣬲ɰ̾Լ˻úˣ˸ʲôѵֻΪ
ɻǣʫСʱҲʱŮӾڵϣ˵ǰϣ֣Ƽл⣡
֣ƼڵأȻݾߵ֮Ҳֹƾʩ
ʱΧȴȫɶݵԶԶģҲѾʮ֮⡣
չǿʵǻ˸ΣһǾɵӣû˻ӽ
Ųôղſ̫ˣҲɱ㣬ѾǸСѾͷˡ
뵽бЩˬ
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵
Ȼڵûвܲ٣ȴ
󵨵ļһȻ۸ŵӣ
Զǧ֮⣬ȴԶԶĴ˹
ã
û뵽ҪԵСŮˣɫЩȻΪԼΪĶ֡
˭ĪǸ֣
ʫʵ
ԣ
ͷ
ǧ֮߶ԣת˲һΣڱչȴӦ췣Ǳ̽һȴŵ˵ĶԻѭ
Ȼ㣡
ǰԾ˵ʫҲɺ
ܵһŮӵĿ⣬תߣŷһɫŮԼ
ֻл޴Ĵ͵ײһ£Ȼʹǵ߼ڶ˫ֽӴȻܵǣ֡
˵͸Ź°ôʫ͸ʥϢʫ֮£ҪȽϣ¾Ҳ˵һȻ
Ͼͬ͵ŮһοԷֳͻʻ涷£и
Ů˭ȻӵвҵòȻǣ֣ѵŮˣ
аţ룬ȴǾԲԸ䣬Ƶʫ
ʫǻۣһ۱㿴ʶеĹϵƺЩӣԵŮ˳֮ʱʫбǻĵ⡣
ŮĿʱȻ˱Ȼ𻨻Ҫصĺ
ﲻ뷨ȻԼֻЩ飬ɿԼһŮǣ֣Ȼʵ
ʫѾΪԼŮˣһԼʶŮʱԼĸ飬ǹһ
˫л䣬Ϊ޹أȴŮ˵ĪĹ
ʱƺͣˣŮһ仰˵ֻǶŶԷŮӲΰȴҲûеõκλӦ
һһŮˣҲһΰ飬һһ֮ײ𻨣ŮŮ֮γʲôЧʱ֪ΪʫǲԸ׷Ůӡ


902 
ãתߣ޺޵һӶʱǲҪһº󣬶˱սʱһҪʵ
Ů˭
ƽܹסеŭ档
ûڣʫѾŻش𣺡ҽʫӡ
һʯǧˣ
Ѿ϶ΪԼˣȻû˵ڣȴأ׼һս󣬵ʱսʤȻҪѪΪūҪĿġ
ǣ˷ֱһ£ŮˣŮҲвԼ
˵ʲô죡㲻˵ѵһὫ㵱ư𣿡
ŭŭ˵
ʫȴǲûɫȻƽʱȴС˵סֱۣĻУȻչ¶˶ҸЦ⣬е̫ˣס
ҲʫǻۣʱǶŮִԼǾԵܺߡ
ȻҲףԼ㲻ʱĶֿ϶ʫ뾡һа취ʫԼ
֪ܵļˣ
ŭ
д󾪣ʱʫͻȻѣҲ޵㣬ΪˣѵΪԼ𣿡
ˣҪɼˣҪҵΪҲ޷赲
Щˣ˵ļ浱ǻײ򣬻𱬵ԼΡ
ˣ
ŭ˫мҪðɱѾʼӡ
ǼˣҲŲ㣡
ʫѡԣԴԼĸ飬˫ǰʫ¸ûеа塣
ķչȫԤ֮УʱԼڸЩʲôˣֻһ硣
ǶǺˣҪ־͹ңʲôɣ
ʱĵ˶м䣬Ц˵
ڲʣһȥţ
ȵ
ϣ仰̫ԼĴˣѵΪԶԼ֮֮ȥʲô
˲䣬ϵЦˣ߳һԭվڹǣ̫ʧˡʲôƾʲôˣ
𣿡
Щŵû뵽ȻҶԼԲѷңģƫġ
ҳΪ֮ϣǣΣ㻹ѵΪΪǿͿԺ޼ˣ㵱㲻ɣ
ҲֻοʱǼͬС˰ãͲˡ
̫ҽҪɱ㣡
ŭ죬ʱΪǱŭ޷ơ
ɱҷȹһأ
ʫһѾǰɢǿţһɺȻɢҲ΢΢һ㶣ʫԲߡ
ˣԼȰܣȴǷƲãû⣬һս⡣
¡¡
ʱ⻹ķˡ
췣ڳͣһֲĽ͵ĺȣӴƺº󣬾ȴһŭͬ͵Ұһ㣬ȴǰǷŭ˻
¡
췣һڵɽȻ˲ҡΣ֮γɽ̮
ڵĵطҲһҡΣƺйҪһ㡣
ಣ
ͬʱգΧ޲ˣΪǿҵԿԷе߶ԣڵв
ҲΪ췣Ӵ֮ʱֹͣעҲ췣ϡ
¡¡
췣ԲֹһףĽ׺γɵĿֲԲھžؽٵһء
˶ֲ췣ˣȻɽȵȴԽԽƺ췣ŭǾȵǿڡ
췣ǿһֱƬ̵Ľ׺ನƽڵ塣
ɽ쵰ҪһҪǱġ
ŭڻΪ˶ͷ𶯣Ǿ֮ʵǿ
Ƿŭĺ֮췣ʧҲָԭеɫʡ
壬ԵλᱻУǲʲô飡ղɽ쵰ѵ˵ɽ֮ˣ
Ѹٵ˼ţΪ漰壬Ҳ⡣
ھô꣬ǵһпˣȻǱʶһֱԼ࣬ȴǵԼһԱ
Ҳ˵Լ˫ݣھ֮Уܹһ˼ϵͬ࣬ȴһֵо顣
췣ʧһƺѾָƽԶԶ췣µĵط
󲿷ΪǾȵǿѾ췣ĳͷȻڹΪǾȵǿȻڣʱóȻȥΣյ顣


903 
аΪǿ췣ǲɱģҲˣ˴ѾٰȫˣаѾ췣ܱɽǿ뿪ɣΣգвõԤС
ʫƤ΢΢ţжΣԤףоƺʲôҪ
ҲܵΣմڣϢƺΧһ㡣
ʫʫ߰ɣ
ͷоΣϢԽԽŨȻ֪ΣϢԺηȴױ뿪ھȵ壬Ժȥ̽Ҳ١
;쵽ΣգȻȴзŭԸö뿪
ȥţ󣡡
ŵŮŮѸٸˡ
ΧмٲᵽΣϢڳУʫͬʱԶȥûᱩŭе
кʱܲǣԲֱȥҲҪ뿪ȷԲ֮İȫ롣
ȻƵ黹ǷˣΪѾԲúʫһʱƱ㽫С
ٳȥֹΣգ
æ˵ȴǻδţ¶һ˿ЦԭҲȻҲҪɱˡ
ĵⱼϮʫʫҲŭˣԷһһˣѵԼĺ۸ɣʱãֻԼ룡
ǼˣҪսսҲŲ㣡
ʫŭɱϮ
˵ĵڴʱѸڶŮͬʱΧĽҲмǿ
ãҾһ£˭ˣ˭Ǽˣ
ŵ˵ʫͬһˡ
ÿҽһսģһģ
ʫӵкܺõƢΪţʱҲ޿ˡ
ʫʫ㲢ս
ѡ˼ᶨվʫһΪ¶˵ʫĹϵѾȷԣŻѡ
лл㣡Һ֮飬Ҫ֣һԼʵսʤ
ʫлİеʮ㣬Ҫսʤ־ʮֵǿ
һŭЦû뵽ȻԸԼеıͻȻ˲ռλ
ŮѾ˷޷ֹ˵й
ﵽ߱ʵ󣬶ƵĹͨѾﵽһľ硣
ȻʵᳬΪΧĽҲ֮ǿΪﵽΪѾȫԼӽƵ
ýƵһƣסԷֹԷܣȴҲƣҪķЩȻⲼýƵڶڵΪԣʲôѾ顣
㻹ȽСţ֮սԻòҲ̶ãھ졣
ЦеԹѾԪ
һ˼ʫ߷ȻĶ֡
ǰǸʹ߷Ҳ࣬ĽȴǱɱȻʫǽʹߵĺ󳾡
ǣʱѾ޷ֹˣΪѾ¶һսԼҪֹͱʹɷ
ʵϣʵѾΪԼ츳һ뱾ΪһʵٿԴﵽʮ屶ƾһ츳ԶԿĶ
ֻı壬ıһڱĻʮڡ
ಣ
ѾΪ壬ɫӵ޾˫֣ȻΪɽ츳ǿ֡
̵Ľǰûа֣ΪҲǽޣң߱ıƣͬ߱ǿԱʵıơ
ΪɣıΪɣչֱʵѾϣһǽα
Ҳ˵ڵʵȫԶʫγɱЧʫҲһû뵽츳ǿ
ಣ
ʫٶȼɽѸٵĴﵽ˽һ״̬
ԭҵȻҲӵ˽ʵ
ʫаϲŷɽ󣬸оԼѾӵ˽ʵ֮оԲֹһʵΪڷ뱾Ϊһıǰڵǿʵġ
ߣҸʱ䣬ѸչıɣҵҪǲǺ꾫һı壡
ɢԵϢЦĶʫ
кƣԼܹչı壬ֻµһʤĶֻǣ屾ȴԼĿǰ޷ƿص顣
ʫܵ˾޴ѹ˵ҪѪˣߣޱ壬ȴɷ
˵ţʫӱзһɷȴǺںĶĵһɷ
һߣҲֻܹ屶ҵʵԼĵһȴʮʵټԼʵԷһԼĶ֡


904 
ҲЩˣָʫָԼΪ츳̫ֻܹ屶ʵȻǽҲԲĶ֡
ǽʹĵʵȴҲĶ֣ʫֻ߷ֽεֿĳǿ츳
һɷ塣
ʫעɱһɷĺ壬֮ڵӣȻȷŵΪ˰˱ҡ
ò屶
Ѹٵжʫʵ򲻹΢ЩȣȻЦʹһһ뱾ʵ˲ǿǰʮҡ
ȥ޵أΪ˶ǽޣʫڽһԶԶʫġ
츳µģûб仯ɱʵôȻɶɷյһʮ屶ʵڶɷڱһ״̬߱ʵôں϶ʵҲʮʵĳޱʮʵԼĪҲν״̬µʵ
лΪӱŷǰԼˣԭԼĲô޴ڣԼںϵһȻڱɱ״̬С
һ޵ʵ̫̬ˣ츳Ʋ
˵Զ˼ֹ˵ս
ʱʫѹУҲһпʵΪ򳬼޵ֻӵһʵҲǿĿ¡
ʫд󾪣ʩչɷĶ壬Ȼ뱾ںϡ
һ뱾ںϺʵﵽ˰˱ʵڶɷ뱾ںϺʵﵽʮɷ뱾ںϺԼĪﵽʮʵ
ʱʫɢڿ뿹⣬ȴǽƾ豾һﵽʮҵЧ
ΪԭȵʵΪзԣʫڵʵ̫Զγһľơ
ʫȻﵽʮʵǱʵǿ󲻵һԣ˾һս֮
û뵽ԷǸʹߵʵǿǸʹ߾ӵĵȫʵҲԼһΪ츳̫һֻ屶ʵһǽޣԾʮʵҲԼĶ֡
ʫ츳˫֮Ȼﵽбԣһֻ˱Ҳֻʱ״ڲ֮ȫתбԣһǾԿԴﵽʮʵġ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ҪʹڶֻʫĶ֡
ͬʱɢǿƣʱʫϸֳɫսףһɰɫâΣϢΪʥࡣ
ԽɫıʽڣɢǿĽɫâķ϶ǿ
ಣ
չ˹˫ͬʱɢһ;Ϊһ壬Ȼʫȥ
ʫҲ󣬵һһɫĽĽ
һ֮ʫȻͬʱ˰벽еĽڻһЩ
Ȼеʵ츳̫ԣֻҪһɱ㣡
ЦϵƸΪ塣
츳öѣʲô˲ģҾԲ㡣
ʫ˵Ȼʮ㡣
ɣ֪ʲôкһ޵ʵ
Цһеķɽٴιʫ
ʫȻҲˣһȻӭĹ
ڿд֣ڽֹڷȰҲ֪˵Щʲô
ԭΪǶںϣʤɡ
ڣ˵սҲͰһʱ֮ԷֳʤȴдмУʫǷǳԿġ
ȥɣˣ
ķŭӿд˫Ϊٶ쳣ͣ·Ҫһ㽫ʫնɱҿҲǳԲѷ
Ǽˣ㣡
ʫ츳ôҲûٹԴս൱ģһˡ
һʫҲޱȣȽ׺ޱȡ
ƣڶԼͿʤԷˣڵڶڵ£Ҫʤȴô׵ġ
˵Ĺƶͬˮܼúһɫɫγɵ֣Щǣʫ
Լٲ취˱һˣʹѪսҲǿģʽ
ɷ
ĬĬ֮ȻѸٵ뱾Ϊһ塣
ʱʵֱƣﵽʵʮ屶ʫ״̬µĽʵ㣬ʵڶʮϣŮʵѾԶ
ȻֻжʮʵŮʮʮΪҲԶԴﲻɱЧ
츳ʵĶʮһڶŮʵǲһ顣


905 
ʱﵽʵԼҲ޷׼ȷ㣬ֻŮڵʵӦ
ס֣
һĳм䡣
սؼôܻס֣ͬʱ
ףڷҪջأȴǼѵ顣

ʫеΪѾ嵽˶˽ײ
Ҳһ㶣Ȼû뵽ȻҲѾ߱ɷϱԼҲ˶١
ߣҽס֣ǶǾɱҰɣ
δ赲˵ĽֻǰԽս׵ķǿ״̬
Ľֱһ˿ԾĽ⣬ڵһʵѾ˵ʵһ
ʱһд뷨Ժ˲ͣǾ޷ֶթˡ
ʫʵȻɣʶȴûߺܹܶ࣬Ԥ˽Ϯķλ
ڹۿսʱѾ˶˽Ĵ¹켣˵ĽƵĺܾ׼ʱһߵĹһ֮ϣܼУһΧκι
ǶĹշеĴ⣬ڿԤе£ԼΪʲôԽ仯֮ʹõһµأ
͡
˲ڣʱɫ˲Ĳ԰ޱȣӿһɫѪҺĴСͬʱ룬ǽսƺҲ˲䱻̴
ҵԪ񣡡
һ徹Ȼŵ䣬ͻ˲ʧȥеһ㡣

ŮͬʱһΪĳҲ˶ѣ˭ȻɽԪ֮塣
ʵϣδˣΪսԵֵ˴󲿷ֵĽķҲԲȥŲֲı仯ս׵Ҳɵġ
Ҳ˵˵ĽʵѾ͸ֲ£岢δˡ
һװҲǵһУҲöֹͣս
ҪʱŮͬʱȥΪ漰ٴڿսһš
ˣɱҪɱ㣡
ŭֱӿ˴мǿ󹥻
ŮԪҪΪ𣡡
ʫҲŭˣ͵Ľʮأڻ۾󣬿оȻ߶ӵ
Ҳ׼мһǿ󹥻ɫβѸٵİڶţÿڶһΣһ׶ڿУΪΪĹϵֱϵͬΪ޵ıϵҪǿĶࡣ
ܻ֮ᷢһΣʧˣû뵽ԼװȻշ˶˷й
ܿʮ׶ЩΪģʼٵתʱͬˮеһ㣬ɫβ趯ţһɹǿѸٵǱ׶֮С
ֻȹַ֪ĹǿޱȣҪɺֻ»ʫγɾʵɱ
ʫŭ⣬Ϊ˺ַŭƳֱơ
߱岻ߣǷȴǾԲߣʫϹ©Ĺôûǿļأ
ʥ֮ŭ
ʫĺȵͻȻڿ˶ֹһǿʥƾȻʹþе
ǰɣʫʫȻôʵôأ
ĴӵվŮֻǾϲһۣȴָ׼нй
Ȼǳ޽ɫ㣡Ҫˣ
һʱ˵ĺ˶ڶУʫδţֻܶԷ
ˣӣ
һŭȴȻ޷ֹ˵Ĳݵս
ʵһܱ飬ʱᵽˣûԼģʫΪƣʱҲԼ
һΣΣǸ㲻ˡ
˵Цһ۶ˣаԷĵʵǿһҪζˣȻȫԼĴڣ
¡
ͻȻҵҡһɿֲƾնõĽƾȻ˲ͱơ
ಣ
㱱һֻ͸ĴץסڶԷľ޶ʵǰȻû˿ֿȻǹץˡ
ӣ
ʫ˲Ƶǰץסĸ첲ٲųԶ˲ơ
ߣȥ
ͻȻᶨ˵ʫסˣҪͷȻϧðȥǸŮˡ
ֵȣ
ʫЦѾʼйŨŨɬζ
ţȴǲԼԱȥ
΢΢һЦһļᶨ
ٲߣҾͶ뿪Ҫˣ
ʫһ仰ȴһȻϣԷ뿪ɴ˵ȴԼЩĪ˸С


906 
Դ󲿷޵߶ԣȻģô޵ƴΪʲô
ӵſԼԣ׷Ļһ˵ȻΣչͷ˽Ҳͨı֡
츳ʵת˲֮㱻аץߣʫжԼҲΪԲѡߣֻӳһξȴ᲻
ǣԼȰΪʫҲìܡ
˵ΪԵʣʫŲԥʱԥȫΪ
ԣҲܹİΣڲˣһϣʡ
ǶһˣξΣգ¾ΣҲǿҵðվ
ܼ꣬ʺ磡
Ѿ¶ӪϣʫѸٵ뿪ȴЩʱ˵Ļ
Ȼ飬ˣֺαҪʫҲأ˵ΣΪʱ뿪ҲǾǵѡ񡣡
Ѹٵĵ̬׼ȷȥͻȻһӰ߻ιȴʫ
㣬ôߣߣ
ʫܹ۷еİȻΣʱϣıʫ뿪Լӵо޴
ΪڣҲߣҾԲΪ˾ǲװҲҪһ𣡡
ʫᶨ˵ڷ뿪ʱŷѾԼûԼҲʧȥȤ
ʫǸ᲻ָоģȴΪľ
Цһû뵽ΪԼĳ嶯ʫҲ뵽ⳡδ֪Σ֮У˵ЩʲôͻȻһд뿪ǲĶ֣
ǴӾȷаʵҲǸаĶ֣ȴЩѰ졣
¸£ԭһŮȻʥʣܺãҪˣ
һЦɽʫѸٵĳ£
͸ľ޴צӳʱʹ÷ɽնȥȴǸоһɾ޴ķ֮ɼĺˡ
ʱʫȻ־ܣչ˹ɽһһɺȻʥն͸צӡ
䣡
Ǿ޴͸צӾȻˣƺǳηʫʥ
򣬵ŭһǿĻɫ档
䡫
ɫ潣նǿеľצʱԷȴҲ޶ܣȻƾֵ
潣ȻЧôأ
аԼǿĹ޷аγɱôԼƾʲôأ
ʥȻЩһץס㣡
еľצͻȻ˲ƶǾצζ֮ʱγһɿ񱩵磬ֱӽʫС
Ҳȥȴһɾ޴ȵԼٴγʱǹѾ˲ԶȥͬʫҲʧ
ʱȾŭû뵽ԷȻǿ⵽ʲôΪľ磬ȻƾһצԺ绽ꡣ
ԶзֲֹʫΧҲ߱аץЩãȻԭء
ⷽԲǧ֮ڣȻγһ޴Ľƣ˵аΪǿ
ͻȻ޴ƾȻʼԼٶһֵĽΧЩߵҲȳȽӽ
Ҳоһɼ޿ɿܵԼӿǰΣʲôԭавõǿƣǿԽͷŵĽȫǲ֡
־޴£նҪƿаĽƣκιȴԶԶƿơ
Χ߷׷׿ʼֹЩߴ󲿷ֶǶɽµΪܹƿƣǲ漣
ϣ룬ֻһԸùȻͻȻڿʧ
ͬһһ㣬ĳȽӽЩͽ͵ĵֵһڱܱ˵Ͽա
ʱ䲻ڵ߱ɼĴھϿգǽֹͣ
ԼĪǧ֮ڵھϿգЩҪֵҲУ˼Ѱʫ
Ҳǵʵаһսҵþҵǣһ֮
뵽ĳɽ֮зȥʶ򻺻Χ̽顣
ȼɽȣȴڶ޴ɽ֮䣬ȵھҲ൱
·ɽͬʱһӴϷЩסЩŭţȴ޷ѡ
һʱɽȽ䣬ԷӹϿսƵơ
ɽ֮ŷɽȴȻκ˹ͺͺʯͷ⣬ֻһǵϪ򶫵ʣϪ֮ƺ͸Ŵ塣
һɺڰϢžȵĵײפԭأδߣΪΧǶѻɽĹͷЩͷɫ죬ɭɭ׹ǣҲзɫĹǼܣкɫĹͷش󲿷ġ


907 
ǲʮ׹ǣôаɱǲ
а͸źڰѰŶ´
ɽǹͺͺģʯͷʯͷΧɽڴڣЩⰵյɽԵɭɲ
һᣬһɽдƺһŮڰ
һλΪɫ̣ʼɽ֮Ʈȥɽ֮ŷ澹ȻסŮӣ⼸Ůӳľǲ
ЩŮȴ͸ű֮ɫһİţ⼸Ҳᣬƺί
㣬ˣǳû߰ɣаƺץһŮˣеĽһῪߵûᣡ
һŮǿŮӵĸ첲Ȱ
ԣŮӷ޵ĸˣ̾ӣǧܣڵʵǿߣͲоˡ
ҵطôңκ󴳾ȣѰ·ֵܹ˭
һŮ̾Ϣ
һˣ׷ְ֮ɫʵȴ̫ߣߵҲʹ˳Ϊʵ͵ĲŽڡ
ಣ
ֳΣȴŮŵĻ겻塣
а
һŮе
ҪаˣҰɣˣ
һŮڵأ档
ɻôЩŮӾȻΪԼаѵаҲӵ̬
ϴˣҲаϽʹߣ
Ȼ˵
Ůٴһ㶣һŮϲʹߴˣǱϽа𣿡
ðϽʹʵΪ׵ļ˿еϢͷʵаģ߱ʹߣʹھȥ
ǼŮû˵ͻȻһЦСӣ˵󻰸ʲôĶŮսأһᣬӾĶŮˣβӣ
а
һŮе
ĻȫǷϻ˸ӼŮĿ־⣬޺ô
д󾪣û뵽аȻʫսսͬʱȻоԼ̸
ʹߴˣȾǣ
Ů־£ͬʱǰ
԰꣡ʹߴаȻǣǿ֪аںδ
ʵǵõȴãȻ֪ҡͷ̾Ϣ
˷ѱ飡
а̾һһѾʧɽ֮С
صɽ֮ʼʹʶ̽飬ȻһǰС
ȵر󣬿ɶɽϵɽȴ޾һ㡣
Ƭ̺ʮҴߣȴҲаڵλá
ɽ״ǧ֮ڵʶ̽ѣаϢȴǸ̽鲻
ʱһʫĴԽΣգԽš
а赽бһս͵͵ķ
ȥˣ
аҲһǿߣƢܱȽϻ𱬣ǼӦöЧ
ⲻ֪ɽ֮г˴һЦ⣬аȻܼš
ȴԭʼķһ̽飬Ϊ̫ķʱˡ
Ȼɽ֮Уٵطŵ췣Դ˿̽аλá
γɽϿշȴֻﵽұ˽赲
һնȥǽƺ޷ӦЩŮΪ˵޷ˡ
ڰ֮У۹·˷ɽ֮µĺۼϸѰߣڷһصĶڣⶴȴɽ֮УǻǵϪ֮¡
Ϫɻţһ˺Ϫ֮лж죬ΪɽΧͱӵССɽһ˵עӶСϪ֮С
Ĺ۲ǿǿ󣬵ʶ̽Ϫ֮ʱĶڲޱ½ơ
ʱаõĽչģսʱйԲҪСϪڴýơ
οаû뵽ԼôĲõص㣬Ȼôʱܹ̽
ಣ
ȷطʣĳϪ֮С

ԽϪ󣬱Ǹɽ֮Уڽ֮ͻȻɽֱһƬ磬ȴδ֪ģڰ硣
˴ȻϪ֮ϵľСҲ⣬Ȼ֮࣬Щ߾ȻȫŮˣԶս
ˣԭаŮСɽϷЩӣɽ֮еʬ˵аΪ˵ᡣ
ಣ
㳯ǰȥԼĪһӺڿʫ
ʱ˿̣˾ȻֶԵУɾúܻղŻһĶ˾Ȼˡ
˼չǿʵʫʥԱϵΪչֺȻֱЧ
ȴһԼʮɵ߱壬޵ģƺ壬а


908 
ȻǾȵĳǿߡаԭаӵɱǿʵʱԱŮսȻֻռЩϷ硣
ʫʫˣ
΢΢һЦĳϣ̼ս֮С
ʫ¶һ˿ϲȻȫעĳаҵĹ
аƺǳηʫʥҶıϵҲмɵ
˫ս˲ʱ䣬Ȼڽ״̬Уаŭɫ
СӣӵϳֻŮˣˣ㾹Ȼ룬ӽɱ㡣
аЦȴʮֲˬ
ûشֻһնаɫ潣նа֮ϣаȴɭһЦƺȫںĹ
ݵò񣡿
ʫаŭһݺݵնа
аȴǲӲӣӳһצԽС
ЩƣԷȻ޾ɫ棬Ҳ̫ˣ˳ʮɣɽϷɫ
Ͻɫ磬糯аȥʱаЩһצֵ繥
аȻצÿһֻצӶؼ汸ɢڵƬƬȥǿȫԵֵԼķɽ
ֺаǿռ˸ƾУΪ˵ĽапЧ˸ͲаĶ֡
ʱʵʹڶˡ
ǵһϣȴǺĬʫʥΪ򼸺Ǹϵϵ
벻ͨıаȻ޾ԼĻ湥룬ԷȻ޾湥ôȻڻмǿ裬ôȫأ
аţȻϵʵǿ󣬵а˷ܣΪѾܾûץǿˡ
ʫ˵ʣаս֮лŻ룬ȻҲš
С椣ʵȻôǿҪǴǣǾ׼̺Ӱɣ¸£֪Сѹʲôζأ
аڹ֮࣬ȴǵĳѿ֮ܡ
аǸɫħЩŭԼŮƾʲôҪԲѷ
ʫ˿ΪаȻһһĹаŭ죬Ϊһޣܹܵ˶ԷĳԲѷ
һҪɱ㣬ĽƤ¾ƣ
ŭŭʵΪǿ
ۣ椵Ƣô𱬰֪ѹ棬ʱ᲻ỹô¸£
аЦǵɪҲΪе
ļһѵһֳ
ףԣıôôСҶԷıƺͬ塣
˼ţԼΪȻа֣нλΪ壬δˡ
ϸĹ۲죬аıԼ廹кܴġ
һɫаȻǴɫģǺɫ壬ͷȻ޽ǣһǿɡ
ʼаݺȴǶԼղΪжϺʲô壬һ;޴ࡣ
аȴЩͬһ㲢߱צӣĸȴצ
ʱаͬʱаҲĿԼ
СӣǲĽӵ尡
аٺЦŲæӦ˵ĹЩԼı塣
һϸļжϳԷα塯ݡ
ˣӦ֣֮Բܹ֮Ϊ塣
ţȴЩǣԼ֮ðճҪΪԷҲͬΪݣڷаǡα塯󣬱ȻԷֻнвݵս
аͷ󣬾ϸСھһȦȦɫƣҲ֮ܳΪ壬ǾǶ衣
ԭ㲢壬ֻһͷѣ
Ц֮ɫ
аһֱԾӣͻŭ͵ķһŭ𣺡ģ壬ȻҺ죬Ҫ𡣡
аŭƾȻһֹ˾޴ѹ
ԭаŲʵѣʱŭˣΪ˵
ʥ֮ŭ
ʫ˸ܴﵽǿʹáʥ֮ŭʵһϣϹĿֲ֮
׶ն
Ҳ޴βÿٴεٶȰڶǿֲı׶ʱǰѻɽ
ŮѡͬʱչǿҲһչƽͬһϡ
ͬʱˣһ˲ǹаƣаҲСƣķ
аķϵĲƬͻȻֻҪƬһ޴Ķơ


909 
ȻаѸٵСһצץסƣ˫з׺ݵĹâצͬʱӶƺͻȻȻǳ˷˶߹
ʥն
ʫһŭ𣬷ɽϮһֻɫצնȥ
аצһȴʵ幥жצʫצֱ𹥻
аƺ̫СˣΪǷмУǱ׶ѸٵڿתԿֲӭаһצӡ
ƽֱ֮һаצӡ
а˫צͬʱʫȴǲӲʥһצı׶ײһ

аֻצȻͬʱʹУĽնɱһצĴм乥£һצȻǱ׶ʶצӡ
һĵʹаֹʱġ׶Ѿͣ͵ĳаֹȥ
ʫĽҲͬʱնа壬һμַǿ
аŭˣЩ̫УĶӦһԸǾֵˣһԶԸȴԵЩ
۶ܣ
аֻ֪Ҫֵס˶ԸĹôһȵǵ˥ˣԼʮֵİա
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ƬҲԳۣԴļһ
Цȴ˼Լ޷аǲǸڴʱأ
䡫䡫
һɽѵըаһû뵽۶ܡȻڶԷĹˡ
ı׶˲佫аΧʫҲȥ
ȴǸоΪаûжܣһ˿֮ɫ
ҪɱӣǾ͵ñץס
аͻȻЦͻȻֳһɫУɫĻͻȻΧɢ
ֻһ۱жǻԼĻɫ֮£аá
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аİɫı׶Ч̱ʮ֮߰ˣʣı׶㹥аϣаűǿӲķȴǿɵֵĹ
ʤʫʥҲڰɫ棬ǰɫ澹Ȼʥ໥ơ
аΪԣȻʫ֮ϣ˰ɫĿЧʫǿʵҲܹаô
ڱ޷仯ɱ壬ڲһ뱾壬ҲȶŮǿԶавر
ˣ֮£аҲ˺ۣΪʱڱķ֮С
ʱͻȻаϾȻһ͸ĽţǲϸͿ
͸Ľа壬ǽƺڵ£ж֪
Ϊ˿Χ֮ˣԭаܵƣı϶޷뿪ȣһֱֻھϿԡһΣֻɢƽסʵϣıȻ޷뿪ȣҲΪʲôϽ֮˵ԭˡ
зţͻȻаȥдȵʫʫǶ˿쳷ˣסϺ󣡡
ʱٲˣֻµȵʫ̫󣬸аĶ֡
Ϻ󣡡
ʫˣһնа
ߣҶϺ󣡡
ʱ̬ͬޱȣʫ΢΢ȣȴмץŮʵǿƺԼʱ
һҲӲˣȻˣҪɱеģ¶Ůĵ¯
аЦͻȻӿһɫ棬ֱӿ
Сģ
ѵֵɫʱаֱʫŰɫ档
ʫĵﵽһ룬ʱնǰɫ档
ȫı׶ֵⰵɫ棬ȴǸֵסΪȼǿı׶Ϯ
ŮͬʱΣգԵɵĶ࣬ȼԼĻɫ˶٣޾ֻ棬ֻڶԷΪʹҪԶԶǿԼġ
ಣ
ӿɫ棬ɫԶϮǰɫ棬֣ͬʱֳɫ档

˫ͬʱŻɫ棬Ůֵаİɫ档
һΣĻЧˣŮ˲ƵٶƶģЩɫ棬ֵֵ
Ļɫ޷˺ааİɫҲ޶ЧаδϵЩȵĿΪ˾ͨ档


910 
ǿӣĻ棬ҿԵֵڻǳˣ
ٴ˵ϧȴǲûгˣͬʱɽһһҵվߣһƴ׵顣
һ𣿡
ЦԼȻ֧ŶԷЩ湥ΪȴԷܴڶŮڵҲĶ࣬ʤѾ
аʵͱκһǿϲ٣Ϊ̽һ˵ʵսôãаһʼ԰ɫ淢ֻѾʤ
ԼڶԷв󣬶ԷһèͬϷһ㣬ʵΪϷ
аٺЦţνϣǿĻ࣬ٴǡ
òײŵֵһֵĻ湥кܾŮԼЧǾԼͷɣ
Ϊаܵ͸Ӱ죬뿪̫ԶԣԼ˵ԽԶаܷԽС
ӣ
һԶȥʫһۣȻ׼Զݡ
аŭû뵽ӵѸ٣⵹ǳ֮⡣
ӵʱͻȻǰһؽƣڷɽ˻ɫ棬ǽչǿʵĹ
ʱаҲ½˲٣ԲõĽԶԶûǰǿΪУƽ֮Ȼӽƿһѷ졣
ಣ
ٶȶѷ֮УȻڽƺ£ǰϪˮ֮С
ӳ֮һӣȴҲûмŮ󾪡
ӳаˮ׳ѨӦһҵʧ飬ûȵŮֺֻܹԳһЦ
˵ӣȴǸҵġڣˣǶȴûܹӳǹҵΪ̫ˣȻŪ
Ȼɽ׼аˮ׳Ѩ
һǽƷĹնͬһƣɽƵľ𶯺ȴʼ޷ӽƿһϸ΢ѷ졣
ǰʱ֮ԿӳаõĽƣʵĳɷ֣һԭаִٲ֪Ľƣڶԭƴʱӳ˱ǿʵ
ʱ뷵аѨ֮УȴԲô򵥵ģÿοҪƿʱǽƱѸٵԶָ
аӦһ࣬Ȼֻһ֮ȴǴаڰаԲʲôˣӾȶѻɽʬǣѨôŮ߱ԿʫȻɱ˶ˣȴⲻ˳Ϊ޵Ŀ꣡
ţʵȴʹĳʾԴӪȶ˵ǿԸ
Ҳȥǣһֲ˶ã޷ѳΪа¯ˣҲܻѡͬھԪԱаǿʵҪԪԱȴǺѰ쵽
ţѾķŭΪԼԲܵа˺
ʵϣʱͨƶԼȶ˵ﵽһʱȻᷢӳǰʵ
ұþǣΣ
ҧ˵ͬĻ͸żᶨ⣬ĳǽնһȴֻһ¡죬һѾӳǿȻûͻаõĽơ
ӳȥаרԻԸʫٴڶڲһΪǿĽƣֹڴʱ롣
ǻۣʱҲµԭڣͻȻӿһĪķŭ
ԼԱԷֻһͷα塯ƾʲôһƱֹԼ
Ҫ룡һҪ룡
ȫУֻڴĽƣն콣֮˻ɫɫĻϽ
ʱѾﵽһȫµĸ߶ȣһնʱֻһ޴ĺ
˽֮£ŵǵѾһնֻȴµĽƵסаѨ
һεĽƱȷŵΪǿ󣬵ٴηһȴûƿơ
ѾЧʵǷǳ޵ģڵаȫԸõĽƣܹƳаҲͲӵжռ˻ռϷˡ
аҪ㣡
ŭʱ˿̣ÿһӣʫһΣգ޷ƿصĸо̫ˡ
СӣƲӲõĽƣ¸£ĶŮ˺ܿҪӴܣȻҪռǵ壬¸£
аĿЦӶ֮деŭٴǡ
аҪҶǣپԲŹ㣡
ŭһֿ״̬Уģ˫ѾһƬѪ졣
Ѫ£ʵҲڲ֪ȫڷŭ״̬µ
־ʱôܻԼŮ˴Σ֮УǾԲܷġ
˫ѪɫĹâԪ֮嶼ﵽʧص״̬
ڷǣһֳֹŨŨĽɫâ¼ɽǷɽ֮ϵĻγ֮


911 
ƣ
ŭһȫڷɽ֮ϣȻ˫սǰĽնȥ
ɫĽ޼᲻ݵնǽƣ״̬֮к󣬾ȻһƳаõĽơ
¡
ڴĽȫһűƿĽƣӢϳ˱⣬ްϲɫ
ʱһľУǿҵķŭʵ֮һϣȻһаѨ֮С
аһжѾȫռϷ磬԰ɫ湥ŮŮƴֵ⣬Ѿ޻֮
аȴƾһѪΪƱƳˣʱȻ˷ЧаҲЩʵȻƳԼõĽơ
ֱаڿÿһ֮ңаҲòʵͻ
ѾҪ֧Ųסˣı׶ѾԳ֮Ϊϡˣаİɫ湥£ܹƾ츳־֧ŵѾǳˡ
ಣ
аӴͻȻ֮˲ˣʫͬʱ󾪣ȴӶδȻԭеĲǰ
ǳûнڶ򣬱ԲǱֻǣа˲ƣҲûõģʱֻܹƾоȥж˲Ʒ
䡫
ֻ˷йͬʱն⽣Ѿ½һֹΪԵЩˡ
һӴĺڰ˲佫ȫ֣аȻʹɼܣ˲ƺ󣬾Ȼһ븹С
һȫ֮⣬ֻǰɫһ䣬ԼȻһɫΧ֮Уǰɫƺ޾Ƶģ֮С
𷴿ҪɫİΧȴǷǰɫһ壬Ҳӽǰɫ档
аİɫеĻ棬Ļɫ޼ڵΪֵסֻаΪǿ¡
аҪɱ㣡
ʫа븹УŭһҲʼʹ˲ƹʥʥ˲֮նа
аһ֣ʱʼʩʫҲ븹Уʫʥ԰ԵваҲûаڲ˵¿ӲĽ
ߣƾҲɱӣ
аЦͬʱӶצÿһצǰĹʫʹкľ޴ֻһնյͬʱɴԼӿ
ಣ
ʫٴչ˲ƣȴȻҲܹͬʱչ˲ơ
ͣ
ʫֻܹ֮ʹȫɽѸٵնΧȴȻ޷סдаǿĹֻһ屻һɴУս׼ȫݻ٣һѪڳΧһƬɫĻ𺣡
ааЦһȻƷ˿еʫ
Ҳ˲Ϣ֮䣬аֶƷʫѾǿ֮ĩסҪ졣
ʱѾаǰֽ֮мҪѪĽɫâһâԲǡѪγɵЧڿ״̬γɵǿ
ѾԶԶĳʫκһҳжɽ޾尵ɫ棬а֮Щԭڡ
аѾٶסʫ裬ʱר־ĶԸһˡ
ʵϣаһʼû˷ǰսаϷѣȻаʵʵγ˾ƵɱЧ
ʱабս⣬ͻȻѸٵССһҡ
СаƲȷŵһ
ȻѾǿаʱ£ȻԵЩС
аڷŵսнʹ˵һʵʵа㹻սʤˡ
¸£ƾڵ״̬ӵĶ֣ϿͶɣӽãܡ
аЦڿЦĲѡ
ȻȴǸûлشеķɽѾаͷն¡
ߣ
аû뵽ԷԼͷ٩ĻᣬɽϮʹצȻͬʱӭĹ
䡫
Ľ֮ں˻ɫѾɫɽںһ뽣ϣѾԶǰ
ңʱڿ״̬£ÿһιǿĹƽʶʹó
аûʹɫ棬ֻʹצʵԴʵһΪĿ״̬¼ûȤ
һնɱȥаĶ޷סĽٵĳаնȥ
а󾪣צٴεֵѾٱ̫ʵʹ˰ɫ


912 
ʯ쾪һҪ˺ܱߵĿñڽ֮еʫҲɵɴ۾Ҳû뵽ֻӵһôǿƺǺһһ¸Ϊǿ
аӶֺʵȻԶ֮ϣ¡Ѿʮ֮Զ
սѾǿ״̬ͻսһ㣬ȻаˣǾԲܻ٣ʱгӿս⣬κθС
ս
Хһٴγϣһնаǰһǿ
е˼ȻԱҷ߷İ˳ʵ
аȻ˵ĹצͬʱһֲĽĵڻ֮ѸٵĻϳһ⽣֮Ҳ˰ɫ
ûЧȴǿаĹѾ״̬УɽĹܿаĹڿзײ
аһȷŸǿѾ¶Ц⣬˵һιͬʯ쾪Ч
¡¡
ֲĽڽ֯ʱд͵˺һ֮аĽչռ˾Եơ
аĽ͸Ľǵѹ£ֻܹٴչֵаǵ͸Խ
ʵԶԶǲ氡
аЦǵϮԼ߷Ķ֡
һɫĽ͸նؿ֮ϣսҲֵסֲֿĽ
ͬߵķһ㣬һһηɳϵľ롣
һ޴˿ڳؿڴǽս𣬾ķҲаĽƿ
ڽɫѪؿӿаͻȻһǽɫѪ૵ȻǽɫѪôܣ˵ֻߵŻӵнɫѪôܾнɫѪ
аסˣЩԼ۾˵ԷֻߣǾ͸ܾ߱ɫѪˣһа
ɱ
ƲرأΪǳ֮ЧƼ˲ʮ֮߰ˡ
аһ㶣ԭԼղŵһѾ˶Էȴ϶ԷȻôı
Сӣ
аŭЦŷ֮ʱͻȻһεĹһθǿһ֡
ôܣΪʲô˺һιǿⲻ߼
аǱˣôҲ벻ģĽɫѪҺҲа˼⡣
ʵϣڴڿ״̬ʱаĶԻΪʱУֻʣսսս
ڷŭԵʣŽ״̬ʱս⣬Բῼ⡣
ಣ
һηʱаӶɳۿսȻвԼȻÿһ֮ƸΪǿȫϡ
һ˵ԷȫԸ£ÿԼһΣһ֣ڵǣԷƺ޾ûбǿ
ǿǿ
ڿ״̬µı֣ʫҲǰסˡ
ڴ֮ǰʫʵЩɵӵ󣬶ԷŲһΪԭʫû˾⣬һֱΪԼɻʱŷȫΪǵĴ
ֵսԲʫһս֮£־ǿ
аԽսԽľԭֻΪڲЩӶ֡
ʮУаսһǸҪķ֣ǼսȥԼ㷢ӳȫʵҲȡյʤ
Դֻаӵоʵµı֣ʱĹ֮аȻԼΣյľء
ܲսϵƾǳ֮ĻָٶȣʱҲȫָս׵޸ͬʵս׵ķҲ˲ֹһԷаĹ
ʫҲԼƺʤ⣬ֱ̬ı֣δر㲻аĶ֡
Ȼÿһ֮ᱻˣ˵ľȴԽԽսҲӸǿЧʱѾĿва
ܹȥˣһ츳ȻһҪǿ󣡡
ааͻȻʼ˲ˡ
˲ƣаʹãΪаó˲ƹΪֵ̫а˲ƹ
а˲֮ԵЩãȻ֪룬ȻȻаĵطһ
ʱڿ״̬£ֻ֪սа˲ƺ޷̽鵽˲ƹ켣ԵЩããȻ
аɲٸǿǿĻᣬ˲֮ûʾչ˲ƣԴ̽ķӦ
еķɽ趯ĸΪѸ٣ֻ޷̽鵽а˲ƹ켣ĽֻܹĹ


913 
аȷ޷̽鵽Լ˲ƹ켣аϲڿֳΡ
ֳ֮ǰаѾӳצһչȫһȻڿлϣն
ڿ΢΢ʱѾ쵽ˣһնа֮
аҲķӦٶȣȻ˿٣Լ˲ƹƺ̫ơ
䣡
һ²ûзӳȫʵаצһ˫Ĳʮԡ
аצͬʱʮʵĹȷŵĹһֹ⻹͵Ϯ״̬·ģԣһзǳԿ
ڿӭʱƺݣһ˲䣬аĽѾն壬ΪĹڴʱڳˮнֵסаĽ
꣡
ϵĽս˲䱻ն𣬶ķҲûܹסһǿķɽа˲ǿһ£徹Ȼɱˡ
״̬£ʹԶֹɱɴʱȴڿ״̬£Բһ١

ʫев֪츳ΪҲ޷ָ
ʱѾնΪأûʹԶļ£Ǳɱ
һˣ屻ɱҪָ壬ֻеȴ漣١ڵ츳屻ɱ£ҲΪ½⣬ȻԻָ塣
һɱа˷ܵĿЦԭԷǲһѽ
аɱûм׷ɱΪԪ֮
һΪͬʱԪ֮ҲѾ󷽶ݳǱɱڿС
аҿ
Ԫ֮巢һŭĺ屻ɱӵʶȻƲѡ
屻ɱһΣΪ½٣һΣȫɱ󣬱ɺڵΪڡ
һΣʵһ½ĻҪ٣ʵǰҪǿԣʵ½ٻӵеһɷ
ԭҲ˵ûˣԪܹڳʲô
аǰ˵֮ʱûеõӦʱ˵оȻЩ˷ܡ
ûлشΨпЦԼƺΪŭ뵽һ״̬ڼ֮УܹĹҪǿ
ֻǣڵȴһҲֹۣ屻ԷɱǿҲԷֹʱָֻǰʵΪ屻ɱʵǰҪϲ١
аб¾͵һָ壬һս𣿡
ЦʱԼָһ룬ԷͻȻϮֻԪ񶼻ᴦΣУԽסԷҪԷֵĲмһˡ
ʵϣа汻飬ʱѾɱһΣеĽ䱸Ҳʧ
аΪѾȫ˵Էʱָ壬ҲӲԼĶ֡
һн뵽аϷ֮УèϷĸоаһֱ׷ģȻʵҲܹ̫ǽȤԡ
ʫͻȻʼڣǰĻڵҴ
ڸղţһѾӳаѨʱ޷˵ĻаսΪʫޱȸж
Ǵ˽ĽǶȶԣӦԶԶ뿪ǻǿаƴȴȻѡ񷵻ء
ãʱȥָ壬ʵ̫ˣҺʧ
аЦҲôָ壬һڻ棬ΧҲͷڿУһڡ
ʱθΪңѾΧĻˣȻƾ崩аõĻơ
ЦҡҡͷԸǹģʱʵʵĴţΪڵ״ôͻаĻ档
аȤĶ벻һԪ֮帴ԭ壬ʱʶһָļܡ
ЩΣŶԷʹԪָ壬һΣյ飬ǲϽָ壬Ԫ֮屩¶ڶԷǰΣա
ʩչʱǱɱѸٵĽ壬ȻûΪɫѪϵٶ֮죬ֻٻ
ԪںʱɷзֻȻһ
֮ȴЦΪղűԷɱ壬ڵ½⣬Ŀ״̬ҲѾԷϣʱܹչֵʵȷҪϺܶࡣ
ʱоԼаĶֻ֣һ֮ٴɱ
ӣûеطӣΪŮѾаסԣѡ
һսȴûаյ飬ڵʵսʤаͲڳ֮Ϊˡ
ܣ㣡
һŭȻǿڰɫǿʩչ˲ƣаҲЩš
ǰɫǰĻɫһ㣬ֲĻΧУҪ˲ͻΧȴҪķѾ޴Ĵۣп


914 
Ҫ
Ȼĵطȥ
ӰɣҺһڻܣ
ڴʱʫҲ𷴿ȻҲչ˲ƣͼԽаİɫΧ
СӵãȻжŮΪ
аŨŨļ֮⣬ڶŮΪҲǳƣΪаŮ塣
ȻаȻҪǽƵʱҲѾЩΪŮʹ˲ͻưɫİΧ
ʱףԭŮȻղŲԼĻںԼģϧԼ
ڳɫİΧֻȴѾ˼ΪصĴۡ
ǰʱɫѾҰ׵ĺѪɫǽɫѾɫһ֣βҲѾɫɡ
㲻ģ
ֻ˵仰ӿֳһ˵ʹУ·ˣԼش
ߣֵ
˵㵲ǰޱȼᶨ
ʫҲ˰ɫΧиΪģΪʫߣķǿ
ʫһ㵭İâţȻδǰɫɣȴΪĹ࣬Ѫڿ΢΢ţɼȣѾѵ״̬֮С
ʫܹ֮ҪΪӵʥâ壬ԻᱻɫĻɱ
аһٶŮ廹ڣлö˳ΪԼ¯
Сӣ¶λεε𣿹
аܣΪаѨԲôѵġ
ʫҲǰӣҺΪϺǾԲа˺㣡
ʱЩʫͬˣƺҪݵʱԶļסһ㡣
£Ůս֮ȻԸڻԼܣƾʲôڻԼܣ
ЦҡҡͷһΣҲԲöŮڻԼ
Ƕ˵ˣԲһˣʱ˿̣ԲΪ˹Ƕÿаһս
ݶɣʱһѿ顣
һ֮䡣
ֻһ˵а֮һսȴҲµյĽ
аԲǵ֮Ͻ֮ڴˣ˵⡣
Ů񶼴˳֮ɫһʵΪĲп磬ȻöŮݡ
һΣӰɣԪԱڻ㣡
ҧ˵仰ֹһаҲа
ģڣԲװġʫ꣬һóɴֻϧֻһõԸˣӳ죬ңҪΪҵ˸У
ʫ˵ڴʱΣʱ̣ԼѡǾԸԼޣҲҪȫѡ
˾ԪԱͷаҲˣΪͬʱԪԱӴǲݺӵģڶ˵ԪԱ£ԼıԱش
ģ޷뿪ҪԪԱǷ񵲵סԪԱĳ
аʵξĺˣ˱һľ롣
һȻˣԭаҲηԼԪԱģеһϲ
ǶԷη壬ôαҪȥѡԪԱأֻҪвɣǿӳаѨôϪˮ֮ϺаƾʲôԸԼˡ
ðɣȻǶҪҲܶҪһҪһѡԪԱǾͼһһԪԱаҲֵס
˵öŮд󾪣˱ԪԱֵаԸߣǰװأ
ԼȥǧԪԱ
ȰһЦЦȴǳˡ
ʫûмȰƺ뵽ʲôƵģȻ¶һϲɫ
Ȱˣ˭ܹԷͬھҲˡ
ЦΪаŻȻʡ
ȱ嶯аǾԪԱҵֺԪԱ
ʫһ˵̱׹вĲʫĴ
ʵģȴֳΪһ˵аỳԼûԪԱ
ʫʫаҲԲǵСߣģھһȥֵĻ棬ȻһԪԱҾͲţܹ
ɫȻ˵ƺѾ˱֮ġ
ʫ˵Ȼװм֮١
һУȻҲϷֻʫʵ뷨ʹ˱ݼ


915 
ŲѡԪԱѾͶ·Զͷ
һ˾뵽ɱǾǺܿµģԪԱɱ죬ǿ־ȻΣʱԪԱ
аǻ۲ͣɴʱҲıݼƭˣ϶ԷҪԪԱ
ʱаĸСѾ𰵽ɫ棬ʱ׼ӭӶԷ˵ԪԱ
ڲȷԪԱаҲΪǰ˶ͨ޵ߣǽɫıԪԱԻͬԪԱǿĶࡣ
ʫ꣬ӵʥϢԪԱһ̣ʥϢҲﵽ壬ҲаǼɵһ㡣
аǲСӣΪӵпԼĻɫ棬ֻԪԱչֳȻҲֱЧ
аƶаѨ֮⣬߶ԷֻһѡԪԱ£аǾԲηġ
ֻаֻֻܹͣҪͬʱԪԱôаûԪԱĲ
ҪԪԱԸߣ𣿡
а¶һ˿Цε˵
ʫдϲȴЩɣԷƺԼ뿪Щ߼
Ѹٵ˼ţаηԼ˵ԪԱʱֳη壬ǽչԼǰΪܰ׳ա
Сʻ괬
СȴҲ²аܹʲôıɣֻҪԼ뿪аѨаҲֻܹ޳Ī
ߣ
ϲ˵
ڱŽ룬ʫҲ׼뿪ȴҡҡͷ
̫նӲȥģƴˣȻҲΪһ£
ҡͷ˵۾ȴǶаŹ沿һ˿һϸСı仯
а֮Ҳһ˿ŭû뵽ȻҪľˣǶŮ˿϶ġ
ʱȴа֮ˣʫڴʱȻͬʱץסĸ첲ǿڷȥ
аϲҪľЧԼһܹаʹ
аȴǽĸƺЩ˾ߡ
ȻаҸ̫ΨʹԪԱԼƴ
˺˵ʱаȴһҲ˿ߣΪԼкУлἸһʧ˿Ҳ벻
ԤУԤ鲢ûô򵥣ֻӳаѨȻδ֪ΣյԼˡ
ʲôԪԱʱͲӦಽĸѵͨʱͻȻ
в²ȻаЦаڴʲô⣬Ѿ֪ˣҷȰñעһΪֻҪ춯ǾͻԪԱ
аЦĺˣҪԪԱҲֲκαˣǷ뿪ȽϺãһԪԱأֺαصģ
ʫͬʱһʱѾӽ˶ڡ
ȻڴͻȻƾðһͬʱŭ
а㵽ҪôѵҪԪԱ𣿡
ŭ޲гȥԪԱ뷨
ʫҲŭöԷ˵㻰ղŻ˵Լ뿪ȴֲ˽ơ
ԩǵƿɲҲõģⶴڱнƣҪȥͱʵƿƣҲûа취ǽ⿪ơ
аЦһҲԼΪ
ʫѾ˽Աߣ׼Ƴƣȴ˵ƿ϶аΪϽƣǾƴ˰ɣ
аͻȻЦȻǲţǾƴɣȻͬʱʩչԪԱҲδؿɱңȴ𣡡
ʱа̬ͻȻǿӲȻΪɻΪ̬ȱ仯̫졣
Ƕ̫ƳưɣǶڻ㣡
Ѿǽնһȴ½̫Ʋơ
ʫĸΪأĿҲ
΢΢һЦöһԼаԼɽնǽơ
һȥƾȻ˿ЩˣԼſΪڿ״̬вſƿƣʩչΣȴǺƿơ
̫СˣѾǻˣӲȥֻܹʵ̫
аһԴЦţŶŮ˲Сѹ
ȻƿƣκȥǴﲻʵ
һĪչ֮ʣͻȻһŮ˵ˣһ֮
ǽ飡
дϲն콣Ѿ飬һα֪ˣʱõİ⵹ѩ̿ʵ̫ʱˡ
ʫĿɿڴû뵽Ȼӵǻ۽飬ӵǻ۵ĽǼΪϡٵģȻаҲ¶֮ɫ


916 
飬ΰƿƣ
ʵ
ˣҿΪӳַɽĹڵΪʮС԰ﲻ̫ࡣҲҾ֧Ųסˡ
ش
аϲǼϽԼƿؽƵġ
һᣬҾƿеһ϶Ƕ˾ӳȥǲҵĻӴԺǶҷģ
˵ʮأȻ¶Ů˷Ļᡣ
ӣǶһܻԵúӵӰɣ
ʫЦ
ԲУӣһڻ㣡
˵
ʼվöԶȱһƿǷǳƵģʱ˾Ȼǫ˭ӣһŭ
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Ŷ˺ס˶ˡ
ʫʫһڶ󣬾˭ҪΥҾһϣӴԺ
˵󣬶˲ûзͬʱͷӦŵ
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ʫջбãѹɴ͸ϸСѷ죬Ҳ˲ʱ䡣
ʫѵĳƺһ㣬׼ٴնǽơ
ʫаѨԼĪƬ̣ƬʱУаȻЩͷ˫г˷ŭ벻ʡ
ûˣ츳ʹúط󣬲ȱ徹Ȼʼԭ
ǵ׻߲ߣˡ
аŭĺźڰӴϢвĸоǷǳܵģ˻ٶܡ
΢΢һЦҪľаַŭܹ˵Լ˵Ϊȷǵġ
аͼɪɣһ죬һģʲô˼ɣϣһʱ㲻ʧ
ٺЦваδΪƾԼٶȣһ췵أر֮
аԣ͵һȻ֪ǰ˵츳ǳˣȻݱԼĻɫ棬Ǹʱ䣬ʵпܳԼ
ңаı屻аѨ޷ǰаҲֻڶеǲжԷܵĻᶼûС
аһЦȻڽİ£ٴһƿ˶ڽƣʱĴ˳ȥ
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ЦڶӳȥѾû˹˼ɣʱÿԵ٩а
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аȴǷһĿЦЦѨЩŮһֵڵأҴһ¡
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Цʱ׼һӵʱ䣬ܹʫϣֻҪаѨ⣬аʵۿۡ
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ЩɻˣͻȻֲõԤУΪճ˵ԷھǿƵı飬ôôɪأ
츳ѣԪԱҪЮаͺΣӳȥ꣬Ȼ˵ıǿԿ϶ģаȻЦôɪΡ
ಣ
аڿ΢΢һһ˲Ѿ仯״̬
ɣ
ɾǰа仯κ󣬾Ȼȵϵķ˻Ҫڵöࡣ
ڵƤȫΧĺɫΪһ壬ңа۾ҲǴڵģҹӣ˵Ὣɺڰı
ڳ࣬аٸ˹άǼ֮ɫ˫ɫӣоɢĺâ
¸£Цӣһ֪ӵ
аĳЦ
ҡҡͷΪȡЦаֻǷǳֿԴԸ񣬼ÿ仰ԳӣһΪǣΨҶ̬
аϴһʽӵӣӾȻѩ֮ɫаЦѡ
ϸ׿һڿлεаͺʺȥĹƬӰͲûױ
ҲҪʱģǡãаʱͽʬΡ
мˣ٣
аֹסеĵ⣬ڿоҵĲţЦЩ
㵱Сʲô˵СүǰŪ飡
Цеɱӡ
״̬µаʵ½˺üΣʱѾ͵Ϯɱ뷨ˡ
ֻԷаԵ޹ʵչαԼɱɣ
ʱѾаΪаǷǳ̱ʵģ״̬µʵеκһ


917 
ɱңÿ𣿡
а㱿˼һ㣬ٺЦ
һֱСаΪһıԱɣơ
Ѿ֮Ȼǳǿ󣬶Ҳӵ㹻ǻۣΪˣһֱСӦԣΨߴһ﷭
΢΢һЦа˵ˣʱ򣬾ǵģΪٹӣԼƿ뿪аĳѨˡ
֪ҵ𣿡
аƺȤ죬ٺٵЦʵ
а£
˵каʱΪʲôôɪѵԼ˳аѨʲôֶβɣ
ҵֽĪа
аЩ˵Լ֣ӡȫޣҲ֪«ʲôҩܲΪԼǰҫжôɣ
Щɻа˵ȥаȻϣʼԼԼļʷȵȡ
ԼĪʮӺ㲻׼ȥˣΪʫԼ
Īаҵˣ´Ĺ°ɣ
תɵ˽֮ʼͨ飬׼뿪
Ļ̫ʧˣ𣿺αأҰ⿪ưɣ
ĪаЦǽƾȻ˲ʧˣҲȻȻͲ³˽аõģû뵽Ȼڴʱ⿪
ƺԽ˷ˣҲЩɶͷԣаΪ
ಣ
Ȼ벻ףȴ֪ʧ뿪аѨǵѡ
ĶŮϣ绹ǻġ
ĪаٴοЦ˵ĵ⡣
д󾪣ڴϪ֮󣬵ʶ̽ʫλá
ôܲҲҪ𣿡
һֲĸоȻ͵Ķſкʫ
ĺȣŮһشġ
飬ȴûеõκλӦеΣмӡ
ĪаԼ죬ŮȻĹȣȴҲ㱻ץߣ⵽ʲôأΪʲôƫƫ
Ӷ˴аѨһŲʱʱ䣬ճ˵Ӧڴ˴ȴԼΪʲôûзֶأ
ϿУ־ϿյĽȻڣҲ˵˻ھС
޷ѰҵʫŻĪаһ仰ѵıץˣ
ΰ쵽ģ
ղһֱĪаһһһӹ̽飬ĳϡ
ѰȺȻûҵˣѾŭɶһĪаĹ
Īа
ŭк޲̾ɱĪа
ҸղѾ˵ˣŮҵУ㲻ţҲûа취
ааѨдʱͻȻŮ˵ľȻ
ಣ
ԥֱаѨȥ֮ŷʫȻڶѨ֮У˾Īаܱš
Ҫɱ㣡
ɽĪаȥĪаȴȵҹ𣡡
Īаʱ˵˿ɣȴεֹ
Ѿָ״̬ʱĪаһֻץסȴǺ޷̲סĴۿӿ򷢳εĺ
ʫҲаһ࣬ƺһ͸ֽţʱͬã͸֮ɫ
㵽ô
Ѿ׶ŮˣֻαõģȴǸա
棡㲻Ӣ۾ȰҹҾɱǣ
ĪаЦ֮аĹʡ
ץѣ֪ĪаޱȣűӦСһ㣬ԼȥƣҲԼѾӳȥˡ
ǣб¾ץң
ţƽ飬ʧȥǣֻĽ⡣
ץ̫ˡٺ٣Ѿӡǵʮʱ֮޷ָΪңҵķӡ£ԪԱĻᶼûУ˹Թҵֻһ;֪ôֵ𣿡
Īаӵ˵Ҳܼ֡
ţԼвڷвԼˣŮУԼȻͶʵͲ⵹Ǻã
ԪԱһевġˣһץס㣬㻵˽ĺ£
ĪаٺЦ
Сķ
ʫͬʱĪаһȵǶѵ̫ˡ
һֱܽʱ䱸ͻȻһɿֲԼΧһͷĪаһģһڿС


918 
ҾȻз
ʱŷӦѾаĽơ
¸£ҵľʵ£㻹ƾʲô
ĪаĿЦǽƵ˲ɱǿ߾ȫҲ赲Ƶ

ӿֲĻɫ棬лŽɫ绤壬γɻʱȻʼսе
СӣģǿģңĽļգ
ĪаķЦצͬʱӶܿ콫ɫҲ˽֮С
ƣʵĪаͲúõģԶŮʹУԾ졣
Īаķ뱾ʵ££ȻҲ̽鲻ĪаĿֲ֮
ǰĪаһֱԱսȴݴֻͣˣϪ֮УκһƷʫѰҶʱĪаķѾץаѨ
Īаķڽм˰ɫ棬ֹ˲٣޻ϵǲô°ɫ档
ͣ
Ļϻ澹Ȼ˲䱩ǣʼս֮еĪаİɫҲһɡ
һ̥ӽ㣡
ĪаЩŭˣ˲ʧڿС
Сģ
ʫʱĪаӡʱҲֻܹ
Īа˲֮ʱѾԤϵԼ³Ԫ̲֮֮
ಣ
ĪаٴγʱצͬʱϮ塣
飬ȫһսɣ
ŭȻǶ֣ҲԲ־ܡ
ķչ黹һģΪаķ˲֮£˲ƹ켣޷̽ģֻܹƾӦж϶ԷĹ
ж׼ȷˣҲ߾ȫķɽܹӳǿĹ
ꡫ
һ˲仯ΪΣǽɫĽƾձǣֱһնаһצ
ʱڽİ£ɽϣھ֮µķȻƽʱҪĹҪǿĶࡣ
屻ɱͬʱĪаҲʹһһֻצӾȻĽȫնϡ
ԣʮָģһָʹ̡
ĪаִţһֻצһצȫնϣʣһغƤצš
ʹȱɱĸоҪʹ
Īаʹİ˲˻ȥһצأĪаҪץˡ
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ĪаڻָƵ츳رǿҪʱһ²ſȫָ
屻ɱԪ֮ʩչ塣
׶༪٣漣ӣ
ٻ󣬺ķԼĵһɷȻԭΣʱΪ˷𵤣޷ٻ
ɱһΣΪ˲û취飬ϾѾѰ˸õ츳˱ɱֻҪָ壬Բô׵顣
ӵһ뱾ںЧͻȻΪɺڵʵʵ½˶ٱ
ЦţʱԼӲĪаĶˣҲƾһצԽԼɱ
ʫҲܵʱľҲЦţϴŨŨİ֮ɫ
ʵ½֮࣬ĻҲ֮½̸ܵдǿѹȻĪаƴκڸް취ԶԸĪа
Ƭ֮Īаֻ˵צӲǿϣ˫۹ĶҲԼشˣȻʧȥɷʵ
ԭӻҪңʧȥɷ㻹ʲôԣڣҪɱ㣬ֱ̫ˡ
ĪаЦܿҵƽ⣬һתƺҵαķ
Ҫɱ㣬ᵽζ
ĪаЦųӳһצʱȻĪаһצ֮Ҳûʵȥֵ
䣡
屻ǿ񱩵ΪƬٴкαʱΪѾҪɺˡ
ڶαɱԪ֮Ѿֹͣٻ壬ΪƵѭȥԼʵֻ»ᱻԷɱԭʼ״̬
Ըڱ𣬶ֹͣٻʱĪаϵֹͣ˹
Ѿ˱֮ģȴ϶ԷֹͣûԪԱ
٣ӲˣкϷûݣôܹھɱأŰɣʵĺϷ
ĪаЦٴʹȫӴĽƽԪ֮Сռ֮С
ʱͻȻͷϴһʹĪаñ徹Ȼ˺Լͷ


919 
Էӡˣʱûˢˢǿڴ˿Ҳˡ
ʱͶ·ʱҲһʱ˿ԪԱҲҪװס
ǣкܶǲ˵־ΪתƵģĪаǿľʵ£ûз֮
Ҹ㣬ұݺɽ磬ĶˣΪĳǿ˲Żᱻ׷ɱҵľŵֱˣһȴڴԣҵΪһ壬ȫɵɱݵκδڣ
Īа˵ʱ˲ĪаĵһΪʲôôǿԭǴϽģͲڵΪ
÷ǣⱨӦģΪҲ壬Ҷǣأ
ѾȷһԪڿɲвĪаʦʱҪǼʱͺˡ
ֻǣʦϾҲæÿԼΣյʱܹʱ֣ԣʱ鵱ǺΡ
Ŷ壿㿪ʲôЦҲ壡ǿ塣
ĪаûвС
ǣҸץʮŮô
żǰʵ̫ˣһСľͻΪ硣
㵱ɵھ͵Ůˣ۾ˣ
ĪаҲûڳʱڣ֪ж߲ⶾ֡
ž
Īаһƺݺݵϣֳָӡǡ
ֹˣĪаķҲ仯ģȥʫͷץסͬһƴʫϡ
ˮͬߵһ۽ǻ䣬ŭɱң
ʫȴһ۲˫ƺûнĪа
䣬ʹĪڴˣԼŮ˼ܵ˵裬ԼȴΪָо˵Ŀ̹ġ
ſǣ쵰
ŭһٻα壬ʼĳΧĽơ
ĸоܺ𣿡
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С椣ƯҲãӽ˫£һŮɣ¸£ͿˣŮתлɣ
ĪаĵѾﵽ壬ʽܹĪаøĿУֻȴ̫ˣΪԲͨߡ
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۵ļ
ĪаЦͬʱŮڿУ˫ٴ׼ȥ˺Ů·
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һ˲䣬˫ȫѪһƬһΣǰĿ״̬Ҫֲֻ˷״̬µĪаû⡣

һȻĿռ䶼ڲ
Ů˻ûʼллʲô
ĪаȻû̫ע䡣
һδڿ״̬£ʶȴʮֵйԳܵľʹʹ֮£йɷĶҪɱĪа
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һֲıը֮һըĪаľ
ԭĪа׼¶ŮȹӣȴըˣΪԼķõĽƾȻƳˡ
һɿֲϢڵλôĪаҲˣǰһĻʵ̫ˡ
ĪаķܵƵķЧֻؿڱܣæ˹ǿѹסͷ궯
һâһͷɫڿУɢӴϵơ
۳֮ͷţ¹Ϻߣߣ㣬צƷƻҲ
ʱڼȷŭڱΪ壬֮ʾˡ
Ϊ鱾¾ͺܹ죬ԣͬʱͬʯгֵ塣
ССѣ˱𻹲룡
̣ͬͭһȵ
ʫֻϣȴûֲֿܵѹ
ĪаȴǸܵ˾޴ѹѹɢƣ͡
ഫѾʧɽ磬磬ħҲѼ壬ǰֱĪаɵˡ
ֹɵۣһŨŨĿ־Īазӿһģʱĵѣ֮Կ֮ġ
ԣУͺñһֻһֻèֻèûʵΪèԣԲȥè
ԶԶèʱĪаоηޱȣһԲ
ʱĳĪаαƽʱĪаܵЮŶŮˣѾڿֹסĲ


920 
ಣ
Īа̱仯壬һиս
״̬£Īаʵ½ڱ״̬£޷һս
Īа֪ǰͷжǿʵʵܲĪаҲȥս
ֲ࣡ԼеĿ־壡
κԶžԵЧıĪаš
𣬱Ȼɱǣ
ĪаʱֻܹвѰһΪ֮ս
вߣ
ʱͬһˣ֮ɱ֮Īав
ĪаҪץˣû뵽ԼȻһͷ壬ּʵ̫СˣɾǱԼˣȫѰ·Ĺ̡
вҲöԷµЧʱһҲвĪаҲΡ
ಣ
ɫͻȻ˲ˣ˲ƹ켣ĪаҲ޷̽鵽ǣĪаѡ񣬷ʫ֮ӹȥȻĳӴܡ
˲֮ƺȫʧˣĪаиǿ־޷ݣӵжʣȴҲڴʱԶ֡
ͶҪɱңԸǣ
ĪаıĺɳдŲ־ȫڶ
ʫھпϣһۣҲ಻סеϲá
ԼĪһӣȻûг֣ĪаеĿ־ŵ̱ڿС
ɱ˶в²ߣĪаֻҪԼԶ֣¾Ҫɱ
ҰɣԸˣȷǣ֤ҵĳ⣡
ĪаŮͷţҽ˶ŮϵĽơ
ʱĪаҲʱ䣬ΪĿ޾͵ȫˣ
ʫָɺæԶĪаʱûг֡
ȥģ
˶в²⣬ȴǲ²
ıԭǵһ壬̫ˣһĳޣ찡
̾ϲԽ
ԭ壬ıʵôǿ𣿡
ʫҲ̲ס̾

ĪаҪˣû뵽һԼﻹл·
ҵģҺƴˣ
Īаĺһڰɫ泯ȥ֮⣬Īа趯צͬʱ˷˽
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ʱͻȻһǻ뽣ͬʱʧȴǶһΣα塣
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ʵϣĪаķ֮ԱɱҪΪαʱ״̬ȻһԭԴĪаĿ־壬δսӡ
ʣĪаս˼ûˣôǿ󱬷ͻȻɱķҲ֮ˡ
ʱʫҲɵΪȻĪаˣȻϲжԷ
ıȻڿУڷŸոձ仯֮ʱĳӯ״̬ʱƣڵѸ½š
ԭ½ˣֺαؾأȥҿԴ壡
ĪаиԼľȴ޷ӰٷְٵսΪԷʵΣֻҪԼǰԼбֳڱܵĿ־塣
ʱ״̬£Ѹٵ½ʶҲĻָ˳״̬չ
Ȼ仯壬ȴΪĳЩأ޷Ա̬һֱڡ
ʫʫǶ뿪
ոջָʶȻЩԼղʲô˼ŻԼƺѾɱĪаķ
ڵ½ȴȻӵǿķֲķĪаղŵĹЧġ


921 
Ҫģ
ǵ˵ҲǸԵŮģ
һ㣡
ʫ΢΢һЦ鵭˵
Ůһۣ뿪аѨֻʣһЩ־ŮҧߣȻĪаı塣
Ŷ뿪ʱĪаѸٵ˼ζԸĪа
ӵʶ㲻ʵʵ½ٶʵ̫죬ҲǸάֶң̬Ҫָ״̬
ĪаһִԲٸˣԵɱ㣡
˵
ĪаʱѾ֪ʵһֱ½״̬£еսҲѸţղŵķԷ͵ϮɱĪазŭĪ
Һڸ̫Ļᣡû״̬ɱ㣡ڵҵĶ֣Ҫɱ󻼣
Īаŭ
𣿡
ʵ˫ֳĹâα״̬µķͲĪа
ȥɣ
Īа֪첻ɱվֻܹܱɱˣе
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ԼҪɱĪаı壬ǲܵġ
ţ֮˵һʵֻ黰һϣԼаѨ
ԷȻˣʽҪڿ־е
ȼɫ棬ɫ״̬µҪǿ̫࣬ء
䡫
Īаڷŭһ¾ȻλʮɣǻɫĻ£δˡ
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צͬʱϪһֱ쵽У״£Īаܹӵʵٴ½һҡ
ԱŶŮϿշȥĪаõĽʱֱǿıƣ˲ײ˽ơ
ĪаצͬʱնڴʱЩŮ߷׷׳Ͽշȥ
ߣ͵
˫צͬʱֱӽŮϿȥŮһʱĻָҲָ˲١
ǵ㣡
Ůͬʱ˵ȻǳϿշȥ
Īаնȴֻǽ˰ɶѣɻϵḶ́ʵǰȡ
Ц·צӣȻ߶ȣЩŮץס
ĪаĿϾ˼ЩŮߣѾӽϷˡ
֮ԼͣʵϱΪ˳һЩŮߡ
ȻһĿģǾԼ彫֮ǰĪаһѵ
ķٶȽˣȴĪа¿˻ᣬǽצĸһ·׷ȥ
ĪаʱֻһͷǾǳûɱرǸо½֮
ȻĪаȴԼܵƣаѨ⣬ʵž½ƵģצÿһԶʵ½һ֣ʶϷ£ĪаצӼչ޾롣
ԱĪаʹˣצѾ޷ϿʱצͬʱȥЩѾļˣֻﵽʵʮ֮һ
ʱǾԲġ
ʱԷѾȫСԼΪԼ½ΪԼֻܡ
ʵϣ״̬ҲڴʱشĪа״̬£ȻвĪаצ


922 
ಣ
ڴʱ˲ˣʱĪаȻΪ˲룬ŭţצڿзֲĽƺҪ˲Ƶھȡ

ĪаĲҺΪצӼͬʱ͵Ϯ
γʱɳ֮ΪצצצצĪаĶצץȥ
ĻиݵһУһҧסĪаһֻצӡ
ıʵһצ֮Ҫǿʵаצӡ
һ˲䣬ажצֱӴݻ٣ĿУһצ޷ѡ
ɵļһҷģһҪɱ㣡ҵţҪɱ㣡
Īаʹŭİţһ˲ʧȥצӣĪаԣǻԵĴ
һٴη׽ĪаĶצݻ٣κλᡣ
ĪааѨзŭĿţ۵شû뵽Լ⵽ˡ
ͻȻһͷǾǳаѨ׵ɱĪаʱȴ޷֧סˡ
ڶݵʱڣԼڳ仯βͣȻѾû˫ȡ
øϽˣ
͵ĳžϷٷȥڳȺѾȫû塣
ʱһݵƣϮ÷ޱȣƺȫɢһ㣬Ȼάڿе״̬
ʫ˴󾪣ͬʱڿнס壬˾ǰľﻹӶһۣȻͬʱס壬ѸٵĳԶȥ
ĪаʱնֻצӣʵѾ˾ȣĪаֻܹߣлں޲ѡ
һǰһ㸶Ĵۣ
Īаа⣬ЩаѨŮߴʱΪайߵĿꡣ
ֱɳ֮⣬һ·ϵûʲôΣգֻȴһֱԲѡ
ѡһɭУȻ½ƣƽڵϡ
ڷŭ״̬±ɱ壬˴ʱԲҪƣ£ѾԣȴǴƽ״̬
Ůúú󣬱һػʱʫĵҲŸղŵĲսɢˡ
㣬Ŷеԭ£
֪ʫ꣬Լ곤ԲŹֳƺ㡣
ʫ֮ˣʱǸƣеЩ˼ˣæòؿŽҲдһΪȣҶֻ»øҵĽ֡ĪааǶܹӹһ٣֮
ǰҪΪҶֻѾˡȻ䵹ҲˣǱĪа裬ֻĺ档
̾һǸĪа޵ֱҧʵãֻɱǹȥ˽Īа
Ǻǣã˵Ѳк󸣡ҲٷŭˣǸĪа³Ҳܲң๦ȴһɱȻı壬ҲѾشȻǵŬһҪȥ𡣡
ʫЦϵЦɿĴסˡ
Ůɷ֮ˣʫЦǵ̬ЦȴôȻУҲоʲôоޡ
㣬̫ƯˣЦÿ
̲ס޵˫Ѿ˹ȥ
ʫеͦˣʾãҲ飬ʱҲ˫֡
գȫǽ֮Ϊ˶˵Ĳùϵ
Ǻޣǰʹ޶ԷȻΪ˵˴ʱҲ໥أ
ãҲƯֲأҾʵͦϲġ
ʫĴ̳ӣȫԽŮ˵ģֻҪԼϵ׽кβɣ
ȴҡͷЦ㣬лĺ⡣ֻǣҵҺ뷨ʶ֮ǰѾʶˡǣڣѾһˣңȴô֡
ãǧˡʵ飬Ҹҿ϶뷨Ϊ̫ǿˣЩԽܡʶʵȫԵ֣ҽ
ʫЦǲʲô
ð㣬Ըأ
ѾʫһʵټʫȷʵȽദʱЦ˵
ǣʫ㽲Լʶ̣˫֮£ʱҲޱ˵
ʱ̾ʱͷ΢ЦʫĽ˶ô¡
Ŀ˼һᣬʫ֮ȫģ˷ϵ󣬸Ҳ˳ƶ£ǡö˶鶼ıȽֿԲŴﵽڵĺгЧ
аһ£ض˵ĸһӹɡ
Ҳ޶֮ǰֻδʵһֱҪѹֳĸ߰ȴʫĽȻ෴


923 
ԭҴˣһֱΪԼǺһޣԼһȣڿ츳ҪԶԶǿҡôֳĸ߰һ˺飬Ҿš
˼ţԼĸʫϣܹ
ʫ꣬ҲԭڣЦãֻܹ㣬ܹܲﵽҪǵÿԼȥŬˡһҪмǣڵʵرǿ󣬵ǱɱˣΪһޣ츳ѣԺǷˣʵһͻͽĳɾԹϲӦжΪˣǰҲѡҵľȷġ
ĬĬͷƳһ˯еͻȻڻоȻҲӢصЦ⡣
ʫҲ˳Ŀȥ¶Ц⣬ݣԼƽӢˣЩ̾ãû˯ôӢ˵ˣǲǵúúϧ
鲻ԽĵͷоȻЩǰΪ
ԭֻûô࣬ʱʫôŮҲѾ԰ΣݺݵĴ̼ˡ
ǰ֮ʫչʵԼ֪ʲôԭ˳Դ⣬ԭ
Щ飬ԱȾûмͬܵʫԼĴֻ̼»ὫĪУΪһ޵İҪŮӵֱֹ֣֣ҪһУݵԼȹ£ҲΥǰ뷨
ʫ̸ĺе̬ȴ䣬ѾЩȲҪںá
һҪԭǾݣһĳޣɲǿЦ飬ƾ츳Ҳò֮ǰչԼİ
ǰǸǳӣ˶ô˧Ц͸һ˵أ
͵̾
֪У˾ȻǣվߣЩˣΪӢͿ͵ģԽԽԣŮҲ⡣
ãʱһ飬йһˣΣͶΡҾ㻹һڴŵĵðΪҪɱ֮ˣΨŹ֮ˣΪɺϣǾʹشˡʵҾ㣬ֻΪ̬˺ԣ㡣
һˣܹƽ˺аѨʱܲȥ㣬ؽѵ֤ĸʵϣҶ˵ЩǾǸظˣǻŮˣҲΨֱ֮ôϥ̸أ˵ҲԵ֣˭ǲʶأ
ʫĻиΨеͷֹʫΪԼ룬жҾ㣬ãҲǵģԺһð㣡˭ҪǸҶԽ㲻ãһŹ
ǺǣˣϣԺƣҲиӦ
ʫҲͦ˷ܵģƽʱһֱû˵ϻˣΪԼһԼ˽ģʶͲͬˣǡÿཻ֪
һֱ죬һϣ漰ԿڵǷ顣
˵ǲ˫֮ʱʲôҲңֻҲ֪Ů֮
ʫЩɬЦ
㣬˵Ҳ֪ôһ¡
˷ܵ
ʫæѹһָߣĻģʽ˵
һᣬҲˣȴȤʫЩ飬ΪԺԼҲᾭ
ʫҲûбԼϵ˵֪ʶҲһ֪
ֱ꣬ž̾ô֪ô࣬ѵϱŮ𣿡
Ҳй뷨ǵһ
ʫǣ֣Ц
֮󣬶Ҳ˵Щˣ׼ʼĿȴѡ
ǲȻұ˵ҵĻ
ͻȻ˹öŮ׷һ㶡
а
æ͵ʫ΢΢ЦˣЩû
ұŪˣ˯һκڱ˵ңԣ˵һҹһ˵飡
һŮͬʱ
ʫˢĺˣ¶һɫ뵽ʫԼ˵ĻǲѹеĻ
֪ʲôȥپΪ飬һߺһԶˡ
סأ㿴ˣ㻹ȥ׷
ʫЦ
У˵ңҶûҺθɣ˵ֻҪ㲻ܾˡ
ٺһЦһѽʫڻС
Ҫʲô
ʫʵ
Ǻǣⲻ֪𣿡
аȵЦ
ǣڸأⲻ̫ðɣ


924 
ʫæ˵ȴԽˣЩ뵽ĸоˡ
˫ޣʲô飡Ҿô
ٺЦжЩˬģССһҲԼܹȫԭ
ʫȰҪȴоһ˵ĻΪѾһֻסʫ͡
ʫپһ㣬ȻѸٵʧȥԭеǵ˫ֿʼӵʫʱ
˵۾ȻʲôҪ룡
˵Ȼʫ㴽ʫһɼıȫƿˡ
Ϣ֮أͻȻʫĳ£˵ĶҲɿסˡ
ǰʫ˵˫ʲôоʱĿö˳УоƽĺˮͶСʯͷ㣬һȦһȦŶ˵ĶмӾ硣
ߵͨ죬аգԽԽˣҲ޹˼ɣ
ʫʶ֮ǰתлԻŭɱɢˡֻǣڵּʫЩĽܹĴ
ĵĺʮɣΨ־˶ˣȻһߴۣǡɿԿˡ
ӣӦòΪʲôȴƫƫ̲סҪǵΰ˫޵أ
ʵʫͲߵʱپһȻƺҲܵʫĸȾһ㣬Щڡ
֪ڰ͵ȴκβӰ죬˷ܡ
һԿأǲҪŪˣòãʫϾŮӣʱΪһԿţȻ̡
ʫ¶֮ɫʱȴǱˣʥŮȴҲɬޱȣоȻйļ
ʫʫںƯ£ǵģģ棡˵һԿҸо˷أ
ٺЦʫγָоΪڲԶ͵иһĪĴ̼С
˵ĶԻСȴĶ䣬˰̫⣬ȴҲо崫һ˵оϣϣȻҲƽ
Ϊʲô͵ǣһúأô£ʵֻͻȻЩ̣·ڻеĲʫԼһ㡣
ʫжսף̹ʱмȾô̼־ýޱȡ
ĶޱᣬڻʫʥĺΪһĹ̡
ʫ;ɼϣܹϧԼΪѾȲϣӭĽˡ
ʫ΢΢ı˫ۣı飬ݽҧ´ڲͬʱз
ɴ˫ֻۣһս˫鲻Խĸ˸ʵزѾЩ಻סˣµŮԼ
кˬоԼƺյŮڷΪȻƢһ㣬Ҳ˶٣ھȻȫ˵ḷ́δЩס
£ʫ״̬֮УһξȻޱȣһһʱֱʫһ߿ļʱŵͺһѸٵĳ鴤ʮºȻƣĵʫϡ
Ŀ˶˵Ḷ́ѾͨһƬ͵£ĳִ̼Զ
ڶ˴ﵽ߳ʱҲﵽһΣָоŭа̫а
ûսףȻŻʵ۵װȻܵʽӴʫȴѾƣУʱȻƾԶ
̬
ΪԼΣŭȵ

ʫ̼սףסԼ塣
ȴȻ泯ţû
ӴڵĸоǺܲˬģǶԣʱɵߣȴȻԼһۡ
ߣɫǣҽΪ㣡
Ϊעݺݵ˵Ѿ˷ɽ
Ȼش𣬷Ŀֱš
ಣ
ͻȻΪ壬Ȼں˷ʵѾﵽ壬˫ֻΪɽƺʱСܵܡ
ãҪ嶯
ʫסĻٽ
㣬ÿҪ󻵵
ֵ
ãҪԺҪѸˣãҪѹסƢ嶯ǽġ
ಣ
ս˲串壬öŮЩղŻ޶ԵʱȻжˡ
ҷϲȡ֣ʵ̫˽ˣ
˵һ㶡
˵ô˽ˣ
ŭ
ƾ˵ҪңԵǳ˽磬˵˵ɰɣ
Ѿӵվ𣬰Ȼʵ
ʫȰˣȴЩ֪˵Ǹɴ죬Ӧԡ


925 
ˣåһҵ棬ѵԼ޳𣿡
ʵȻڣеĻһʱ֮䵹Ҳ಻ס
ǿЦʫʫమһжԸģôˣåأ˵ˣûˣåⲻǳԱû𣿡
ŽѵһһΣԼǱ˵ĲᣬαǽѵĻᡣ
룬ȴǲ֪λشڿڵ֪Ҳ֮У˼ɣѵ⻹޳ܣ
һɺԣҶ˲һ͵ռ˱ˣ˵޳ܣҾ޳ܣҲǶ޳ܣƾʲôҪͷҿڳ˸ҡΪʲôˣʲôʸ˵仰
ͱˣ׼ˣƲĸ߰Ƣ
㣬˵乫ɣ۸ң
ЩˣΪ۵Լ˵ΪȷʵԼѿ
ʫҲûоʲôǵԼ˫ޣԸ͵ԿɷӾû˱
˿ҪˣȷʵԵúʫֲһҲûС
ǣʫЦȰѹסеĻɣҲԹ㣬ôһҲֽ㣬ȴҪأ
ͻȻЩڣԼƺֳ嶯ˣҪˣҪȴԵòܡ
ΪԼ޵Уûɿ˵ҵģҲ˼ȥаѨ飬ллԸΪ˾ҶҲǾ㣬Ǿˣ
˵΢΢һеĻء
ĬʫȰ
Ȼ㿴ңǾͲҪһҲ㣡һº֮սһ׼ʱʱһ㣡ڣڰɣ
˵󣬱ƿ˽ƣγԶȥ
ʫЦ˵Ļ㶼˰ɣǰϣ㲻Ҫ˸߰㱾㣬ˡȥǸҲԭ㣡
ллˣҲǸһڴ
ҧ˵е޷ݡ
ʫʫҾˣ
ԶʫæȻա
ĿӶȥŭһһ˷Բɵɭ֣ȴǲ
ڣԶӭսֻҪ㲻ʹ屾壬һ㣡
ҧ˵Ȼʧڷïɭ֮С
ʫһ·Զȥڼ䣬ʫû˵ѹ
˷еķ󳬼֮һı¹ȡ
ڷһһҹʫһ⽵䡣
һƽϣƢеʵͦõġ
ʫС˵
ʫʫˡҲû
ǺЦ鿴ƺܲ
ʫһ·ȴ˷ѱˣʵΪ㲻ȴҪֽأ
ʫʫҹġʲôԸҲˣ֮ҲϲǰôǿƣڵʵȻҪԶһ㡣һսһķڷʱٸΥңһѡɱ
ԵðȻޱȣеɱȴʫд󾪡
ϲ㣬㲻ܹ
ʫЩŭ˵
ŶϲңǲǸóԴأΪλҪ˵
ƽʵ
ΪҾͦãƯ츳ҲǿԣϣܹҾԲĴףұ֤
ʫϣܹ
ЩţһֱʫԴףȴؽȻһϸˡ
ʫʫ֪ģҲǲ֮ͨˣЩˣÿԵ֣Щ£ôôġϲԸɱ
ʫԣ֪Լù̫࣬ΪԲ֮ˣ̫嶯һЩͷδزǺ¡
˶綼ϤҲƾͼ֪Ĵ·λڴ˴ƽԭϵһȽϴ͵ĳ
ɽĳвͬɽܶз˵Ĵڣ磬һ򼸺ܳ֡
˽ĵط·Ǿɵģ򴦸ȥ
ʱĳǱȽȤεߣҲкܶԱʽֵߡ
ЩԱʽֵߣ󲿷ȴΪûﵽεҪֻܹԱʽ֡
ԣ״ֵ̬ߣʵԶҪǿЩԱʽֵߵġ
һ˵߻ҪﵽԪӤڵΪܹ仯ΣҲкܶߴﵽڵΪѾ޳ΣߵĪĹϵ
˵кܶΪܹ״̬֣ϧѾ޶ʯȥԱ仯εĵҩ
˽󣬱㱻糱ˮûΧϵӿǰĳ֮С


926 
ΧвСҲһͳ
磬ĻȽ٣ԣǺЩµĴΧΡ
ʫݸأֳ򵹲ʮİ
ʫߵȴҶѾȷϵָоȴǲͬġ
ʫʫ벻ĳҲ֣Щ˼
ЦһǣʫС֣Ȼƽĵ·ȥ
ǽʲô˶࣬»鷳
ʫѵΪΧѾ˲ĶԼˡ
ֻ¶ڵΪʫ˵͵Ҳֻ¶ڵΪ˵ΪΧЩе͵Ŀ¡
ħ磬ɽ磬ֻ磬ͬʵ𱰡
ʵˣܹʵһĵ
ĳΧЩУԳƵڶӢû˸ԳƵһӢ
ʫȻҲһģʱŮԵļĿ⡣
һ˵Ŀ⵹Ҳˣʫǣ֣ʱѾһɧ
˴һͳ󳬼ɵı¹ͳΣĽǰ߶ţë
˴ӳֿʼһӵʱ䣬ʮĿ⣬в߷׷ʹ̽ˣֶ˽ֻΪʱһд⡣
ʫû߳ʮ鷳Ѿˡ
վס
һŭһͷڣгߵס˶˵ȥ·
ʫͬʱͣΪǼһ÷ס˶˵ȥ·Χ߷׷פ㣬ֵĲ
СӣϸƤģӢС㿴ˣԱߵĳŮ뱾Сһ߰ɣ
˵ɤӺܴ֣˲вŮ
ȻҵԴҶ֪ǸŮߡ
΢һ̽飬ŮʵȴҲ̫ҲﵽԪӤڵΪЩеƫϵˮƽ
˻ûü˵ʱȴһ಻ȹŮӷ˹Ц˹Ҳ̫ˣζûУҲҸҽˣʶȤĸϽ
ʫƽݣΪʵ˵ͲҪκεġ
ʵҲЩߵϾڳ⣬һûɷҪģ˭ʵǿΪΪ

ǰŮŭȻȡһŻĵҩµҩ̻ΪΡ
Ϊκȴһ󾪺
ż񣡡
ҲɾȻŮıֳֺҲˣ仯κ󣬵ŵһƬ
ʱѾжԳŮǿ߿ʼŻвŭŮ˳˹֡
ĲߣȷֺڵŮȴޱȣԾȻЩƵ˵˼Ưģǲſȥϸһ¡
˻һΧ㰲˲٣ԭãѹ᳤ֻ֮ȻȴǲټЦˣΪǷԲյǿߣһȻ˵ġ
ã
ȹŮӾʵϵıԵþɲ
ߣҽСҴ磬һپʮãϽҵǸҲŹġ
Сߵ̬֮˵ϵķ㣬ǷҲμ׾
Ȼ죬ⱾģҰЩƣѵıһͷҰ
뵽̲סЦ
ʫ΢΢һЦȻûг֣ԼαȴЩʵͼĳһƽϡ
Ǻǣԭ±СһȻͬһʸ߹޲ɷղŶеС˲С˹ԭ£
ȹŮЦ˵ȻöģȴǾԲҵСΪĿɽǺǿԼﲻ
ˣҲƽϱǣƾ⸱Ҳұ磬ô˵˵Ƕˣ˭Ư
Сŵ˵
ȻСƯ¾ԲСһ£
ȹŮƣȴòƨ
˵أ
СΧ֮ʵ
С㵱ݵһŮû˵
С̫Ưˣ֮ʤգ
ȺҵСǣһƬ蹦̵СԽƮƮȻˣȻԭŤε赸

̲סЦҲȤ֮ˣȻָ¹Ϊ黹ҪԵû
Ǻǣ
ʫҲЦһЦɣʱΧĿɿڴʫ
СܵܣЦʲô
С¶Ϊıʵ
Сܵܣ
о޺治֪ôСˣǲҪ
Ц󣡳ôˣǻҪˣŵ˾ˣΪҪŵأһۣµһŮĪ


927 
ˬʵЦһ仰˵˵ȴû˸Цһɫͨ죬пЦѣеѾ죬װԣʵЦ̲סˡ
СԴŭŭĺҵĸ죬ҹ⳰Цңѵǲˣ
ʱͻȻʮ˼ĸһͬªŮæŽеС㣬ԭþˣ
СԴϲȵЩ쵰ˣ
ЩʵСҪǿö࣬ĶԪӤڵΪһﵽ˷ڵΪ
Щͨ߶ԣѾζźǿˣԣΧԶÿ·û˸ҵЩ˵·
ʮ˰檣ұ
СͻȻ¶Ϊĵı飬һ֣һòӢӹ
ǿסеĶģ߽ССһѽס촽Ϻҿţеǿʹ࣬Ҳ׷
檣ſ죬Ҫǣ
С仰ӼҪˣ˵СǿԻȥ𣿵ô˵棬
ߣΥҵ֪ģ
Сߵ
֪ҸյһϢǧһűɫţҲǧһֻʣһԸұ𣿡
ߣĺãȫˣûǣˣ԰̺С㣡С˻ô㱨أ
СЦĺܵɪӶʱͬйƤ򣬾Ȼҡ
СˣҪĳ˹֣ٲ̺ˣǧһѾҲκǣҡˣӽҪͬھ
仰˵С󾪣Ҫȴȴһס
ҪԪԱǲܵ飡
һȣһѾڶǰֻ΢һ֣ӱ޷ԾҪԪԱȴ޷쵽
С㣬ѾСͷɣ
Ǻӹ˵
ߣ쵰Сôãÿ춼ޣȻңҪģ
СŭȵѪȴСлںԼΪʲôһԪԱ
СӦýС̫ˣܲˣ־ɱӡӲˣɱӰɣ
ӼҪˣĺ
ߣô׵ģС㻹û湻㣬ôܹھأ׼ްɣС仰ȻŻȥ
Сץסǳ˹Ůɱˣ
Сעϣܹ˵Լ󣬴ʱѾļŭˣΪʵ̫ӢֻСֱɱˡ
ϧˣ
Χ۵߷׷̾ϢΪֻҪ˵۹⣬ԿʫǾԵŮ
߳˱ƽˣʵԪӤΪΪԸڵʫֻҪƾƱѹˡ
ɢƺȴȻ΢Цվԭء
ף
СҲɾԭʵˣѹǸеĸԼ
Ͷ򣬵ҵĺֻ·һ
һȵ
һȺҲţҶˣ
һץ֮˱һ޷ܵϮŭһҪȴǸ޷ѡ
һŭɱϣȴʫҲˣͬյһץҲɼĳʫȥ
Ҳڱǰţ
ôõĺϷЩһˣȫ๼
˻ûüģ㽫ԪӤץ˳壬лΪһࡣ
ʫҲظĶͬʱץһԪӤ˶Ŀɿڴ
ڱ¹ȵĵ⣬ΪﵽԪӤڣȴҲǵͼߣʫɵһɱ˵壬ƿض˵ԪӤʵҲСơ
СŴͣЩŵŶˣ૵ҵ£ǵʲôˣֱţ
ʱС˵̬ҲȫˣԴԸûиı䡣
ңҾԪӤԱʱҲûк³˼
вңðɣҸԪӤԱĻᣡɣ
ǺЦ΢΢
䣡
һը촫ֻüһҺԪӤѾֱˡ
൱ԪӤԱڵʵȫԪӤڿƵķΧԱҶԱ첻ɰ˺
ʫѧķҲеԪӤˣӵɷĶ˶ԣԸԪӤڵߣʵ̫򵥲ˡ
ԪӤڵԱ£Ϊٴﵽ˷ڣпܴﵽ˺ڡ
С㣡
ʵǿĺ˺ȵȻΧסС
ʱСҲ˸֣ٶ췢Ԯ
㵽ĸɵģɱ֮ˣĵĺܴ󣡡


928 
С˵
ʲôɵģûʸ֪˱٣¿һͷҲһô
֪С϶ѾԮˣе뽫һѶˣʡһȽ鷳
룡ʶʱĸϽСǸ򣬵Ҹˣˣ
СȻš
ܳţ٣Ľļգ
ЦЩ˶Կ˷ʱ䣬෴ľԼΪҲвٺô
ڵġԶУȻٶȲر죬ܹЩʱٶΪ
Σ֮ǰ¹ΧĳĿıǳ󳬼ɵı¹ȶ
սõһ㣬ᣬаѨУԼΪ˲˲٣ȻܹǿʹɷȴӰ˵ڶٶȣֱڣڶɷ𵤶δɹ
СȻǸܾΧò˭ǳĴСǾԲǵġ
˵ʵСΪ⣬ʵû뵽˵ʵȻǿ
¼ȻԱݣǾ˵µɲǿֻҪʮ֮ˣСֺξ֮УҸǰ֮ʱ
Сͷ̬š
ΧΧҲǰԾ̾û뵽ʵв˰ûǶˡ
ʱΧҲԽԽ࣬вѶаСȭġ
Ƭ̹СһʮҵߣЩóˣвѾʫ¿ˮ
ʲôˣʫǱ¹ȵҲں
СһԽԽ࣬аʱСǰԸ˵뷨
ƾǧںЩߣȻЦӯӯĸֶʫϲҫ֮ˣʱ򰲾ԭأиκˡ
Ҳаһĳ֣Ȼֲֵļʷǳ֮СǰаѾʮϡˡ
磬ֻʮɣУ󳬼ɵĸࡣ
Щڵʵȴ޵ģ˵ڵְ߱ŵϺš
ΪЩֱܹ磬Ǿʹش
ڻԼħҲ֮ħڵĸ֣Լʱʵܹһͳħ硣
С㣬˵ʲôˣȻСԣСѵǣ
һ߰ĳòף͸һɸ߰Ϣ˵ϢȭİٶҲΪͻ
磬ˣ
СĹ˵ΪȴҲ֮ϵСҲ֪ġ
С㲻ؿ˾֮Ͱˣ
˰ȻĴȺ߳ҽһ棬һһŮϵװҲǶߵսۡ
˼ȫЩϣԼѰϱ¹ȣǰжС
¹ȲȴܹѰǰǳǾ޴Ҳ˱¹ȵĳǿʵҲڻ֮Ϊ󳬼֮һ
󳬼֮以ϵһ㣬֪ģΪٶʵս󳬼ɱĽʽȻеķҲеġ
˵ʵԼĪ˳ڣʵΧен㶥ȴֻɢڵΪҲڰԻ͡
µǹģȻҵ֮ã죬ҽӥӻعϿģ
˰Ȼ˵ͬڿһˣ
ʫĿȴǲͬ¶̰֮ɫ˿ûĿ⡣
ֻ΢΢һЦЦļһкο˵ģ
С㣬һ֮룡
Ц˵
磬ʲô龡ܿڣСһӡ
С֪˵ʵʵǳ۸ڶĴôֵܣ
СӣһС㣬С椣Сϸ𣿡
˺ٺٵʵ
磬ˣԭ׼ɱ˵ģȻ粻Ů˳ªǱ⡣
Сû˵꣬ͻȻһ޷ƵĴԼϮ
СƽΪ£СѾȫʧȥ˶Լƿء
С㣡
ŭһȺҪסСȴǸ޷
СǰǶԪӤڵһ㣬ʱƾճķȥ
ʫȻܵȻΪСĻΪڣʫҲһ֮˼ƽϡ
ʮûֹС֮ƣЩȭ߿Ŀɿڴ
ƺûʲôƾһָֻձ㽫ԪӤڵСץȥֶʵ̫ˡ


929 
ҲЩסˣаԲ²ΪҲӦǺڵΪ
Сп־ޱȣ±ԷץȥԼԷץȥоȫͬ
ǹʵֲ̫ˣСıˣֻԼ̫嶯ˣӦõǼƽϵġ
һֻ֣С֮Զ󣬱͵ķ֣Сӿصˤ䣬۵ѳݡ
ʫʫǾն˹ֵͷ
ָһС㷢һУֻͷһʹһѪģѾӿе䡣
ѽѽ
СԼѾ˵û뵽Էʵǿֵز־ޱȣΧЩˡ
󵨿ͽٷС㣬ҪʬΣ
ȵȴǶԼʵġ
ǺǣʬΣǲСб£ԣ
ٺЦü֮ɢһεɱɱֻ΢΢йǽҲ䱸
Ƕͬʱ֣
оâ˸
ǶΪȴҲͣﵽ˺ΪһڣһΪ
ڽԼĶ̽Ϊ
һѾȥڿбѾɽҪʵʩһ
µΪ̫ˣ˼𣿡
ͻȻ˻ΣʱҽѾԿ𣬵һƬڹڿлιǶ˵Ѿˤ档
Ȼɱڵߣ
˴ʧɫ鲻ԽĺʮɣҲ˲䣬Χ߷׷׺ˣ˱һľ롣
ǰ׼ĶˣˤһΪѾɱ塣
ڷţûʹ˲ƣǷٶȣȴΪٶ̫죬˵Ĵ˲ơ
ҲֻǸо΢΢ζһ£Ƕ˱Ѿ
˵Ԫ֮ѾУһץһԪ֮壬˵Ԫ־ޱȣȴûüвԪԱ㿴촽΢΢һ˵Ԫ֮㱻븹С
ڶ˵Ŀ־УȻУ˶ʵµжϡ
ǶɽڵΪ
аʱЩҳͷˣΪ޷̽ԷΪΪһնûС
˶ûаգǰȭ֮˸Ӿͷ飬еѾԺھⳡС
ǶæǾһǣ
Щ˼ȥˣһһε˲֮
˵ļУһƬӰǰٶ˵ߣһϢ֮䣬˶ȥʱȴѾصԭء
ǿɱ
ȫɱһɽڵҲһڳڣڵõߣȻҲû⡣
Ⱥɱ̫ѣΪԼڵΪҲȴûɱɡ
Ҫ˲Ϣ֮䣬ɱЩˣҶȡǵԪ֮壬Ե̫ˡ
ʵп֮ϣֿԲСѹҵŮӣȻǰֻҲһԶԸǵ˴ù
аԷţͬʱҲҲѣԼ˵ԶֻҲ⵽˶ԷĹ
С־ĿȺɱʵ̫̬ˣСзĻںޣںԼôǿĵˡ
ʫʫмС£ȥɣ
Ц˵
ʫͷͿЩ߲ˬˣʱȻҲ붯Щļһ
Сµʮ߲ܣҲҶԵУ׷ױŵԭز
ʫ֮ʱѾŰ˵Ԫ֮һɵˣЩͼߵԪ񣬶ΪӵЧãȴʤޡ
ʫΪͲ֮£ʱЩԪӤڵλǶ֡
ʱ䣬С£ЩȭߣˣֻʣɵڵصСԼǸˡ
˷ʫǸֺѾûκս⣬ʱ˺⣬ܵ
浹ùҹƨ£ΪҪ£ˣƴ󣬾ҴʱˣҲҡ˵ˣˣҲδؿսʤԷ
˷ʫûעԼΧ˳֮Զľ룬û˸ԽɵĽޡ
ಣ
͵ĳԶշȥٶȼﵽļޣȻշձһЦԭĵôСܣÿ𣿡
ã
˻û˵꣬һʹһſԼǰ

˴ʱ֪ʵԳ˴ڣǵڵΪ֮ԼȫĶ֡
صԭʱֻʣԪ֮壬£˷һХӥ䣡
Ŷԭһߣ̾еӥȻѣɱ


930 
Ц̾ϢеԪ֮¶ںޱȵ
ǰСİɣղŲǹǰģҵĳ˹֣СֻΪЩ飬ԲŻǰ
˿־ĵѾɱˣԪ֮ҲԷɱǾһжˣ
ĸоǽ˲ԸģѾǧŴﵽڵΪǾˣתͶ̥Ļᶼûˡ
һŹ𣿡
΢ЦʵЦڽ˿ȴǿֲޱȡ
ģȴֻԪҵʹԼѾһİĵطΧǿֲĻɫ档
ɫ˹ʱ˵ǺĪ֪ʵʵԭİԻ
Ҳɱ󣬷Բ֮ڣֻʣ˻ڣж˱ʫһǱŵκС
СĿɱʱ֪ԼǵʲôˣвΪ쵣ģΪ嵣ġ
һϲã˸ҵ֮ˣػƺƴĳ棬ȻĿ½˲̵ɱ
ΪˣԲ˸ҵ֮ˣȻаŮҲȥܡ
ڵҲݵλˣȻǵеĶ֣ȴҲһ֡
㣬ŹҰɣҲҵˡ
СԼԪ֮ĵ
ͷˣȻԪ֮ҲԵЩ壬ȴˡ
ΪʲôҪŹ㣿һɣ
΢Ц˵ܼ򵥣ȴǺѻش
ϻ죬вͬΣǴʱͬƼһ㣬ʱԱ˵߸
Ϊʱʱȴƿʱָоʵܲ
ǰҲ֪ǰðģǰ죡ֻҪǰԸŹңһȰ粻ǰƽϣǰŹң
С˵Լɣһǲ֪߲ڶϢˣв
ʵϣС˵κɣҲעģֻǹˣ档
ˣϧ
ʱСһ£ЦС㣬ҵʶ쵽к֮ˣҾͽһˣ쵽ǰԳԿͷȻҶڷ̫û˼ˣ
Ҫ
СĽе壬ȴ˲ѡ
ߣ죬ԪӤ
вǣС̱ս͡
ಣ
ָһСһֱӦϣʹС̲סƺ߳ȴֲҴгΨֶԷһԼԪӤ֮塣
£µǵȴ
Ѿµļƻһҵ¹ȵļƻڵҲвٵԼҪң϶вΪҳͷ¹Ҳᰴ಻ס֣ս¹ȵԵɡ
ʫʫһвŸոտʼǴܵǵǿʱ¹һᰴ಻סġʱֽ󳬼ɵı¹ˣΣ
΢Ц˵֮زסǿҵš
ʫ֪һĿĵģս¹ȣս֧
꣬ʫǸ˻ξݣҲ飬Ǹһɽݺݣһ°
ǱȽ϶ˣй֮޲֮رֵȻ飬ͻѾһС
¹ȣ󳬼֮һΣһ𲢼սñ¹ȼʶһǵɣ
ʫҲǿҵս⣬ȻսȴУޱ¶
һԻȴŵСɢԭս¹ȵģԼȴ˶ˣʵѰ·Ϊ
ΧЩҲ˶˵ĶԻЩ׷ʧԭأ׼Ϣ֪¹֮ˡ
˸ս¹ȣֺξϢ¶ʱٴηһնСһֱҲӦ䡣
СѾľˣʧȥ˫ۣȴҲоʹȴԽ־塣
ս¹ȵĳ֣ʱܹıʲô޷ѡ
С췢Ϣȴ˫۱նԼѾ޷ϢСиӾ
һӵŴԼĪ֮ڣЩһǺ̱գ㳯Ϸȥ
ĸ쵰۸ӵã
˻δŵѾԶԶĴ˹ȻһȺ˵ĺ֮
⼸˽ǰ󣬵ӿǧ֮ߣЩͬѸٱ
磡
С÷ɳƶֵĲڵϾһ̲࣬֫ѾɢһԣԭªޱȵΣʧȥ֫󣬸˾ͬһֲ
ʫΧٶʬ̬ɵڵأΨһĹͬǸһѪܵĶڣԪԪӤѾ֪ȥ


931 
˵صĲҾ֮˴󾪣죬Ѿŭɶ۰С֫ϣͷʱ̲סԴйеķŭ
𣡡
ŭ˫ȭĴؿڣɢǿ
𡫡
֮˷׷ظƣԼĪ˫ȭĴؿڣŮһͬʱŭõ涼ڲ
ҳԱĽǧˣЩҽ֮ˣ˴̸Ҳ˵˵̬ȣЩ˸ԶһЩߣǴ⿴ֵġ
ŭŭ
ԭǴżиǰѵˣԴʾģȴٶ˶ԷУСҲԷϵ֫
˫ɱ۾ˣڵɱ⣬ȴ̬һҲûܵЩ˵Ӱ졣
˫ֻ˵ͣ˶ݵʱ䣬˵ϵЩˣֻ˼ۣ㷢˽˵ʬ塣
˵ǺʵȻӥ˳ڵΪҲԷɱˣ
пһоûô򵥡
ǶʲôˣΪ۸֮ˣ
ʵ
˷׷׾ȣΪ𱬵ƢʱӦȥʵˣǻֱӱ
˴ŭѾ̲ס磬ˣɱǰɣΪȥֵǱ𣡡
ɱԹŮ
һ˽

Цԭʧ
ǽ֮˷һҽбøһʹԪ֮ѾԷС
⵹ù֮˵ΪȴҲͣﵽ˶ɽڵΪȻ˲£Ȼ޷ѱɱˡ
жЩſʹԾر죬һĿɿڴ
ղûֻ֣ʵʵ˿̼ɽڵֵҲɱˣд󾪡
ɱ壬ȡԪһж˲ɣڶȡԪ֮ɫȴǵȻޱȡ
֪ӿڳ𣿡
΢Цʵ
˱е˳ʵͲͣȻȴһɱ壬ʱбжôơ
ޱȣ
ձɱһҲģȻøϿңҾԪԱͬھ
仰һ˵޿κκ󣬺ܶ߶仰вԷ⻰鲻ȴҲÿǶʲô˵ġ
ԪԱССĶɽڵԪ֮壬Ҳв٣ҪԪԱǾ;ԣ޷Ҳǰѣ
סˣȻЩ֪ô˵
ԪԱֻ֮²вĻǶԷвԪԱʲô壬ѵ޷شԷ£ҲҪ³
ĬˣлϣΪһԼġ
磡ҪСַܹŹ֣ѵ
£ǲǹ˵㣡㵽ΪСĳͻ˵˵ϸҲǺˡСõĹһڸµͷϡ
ЩԲ׼Ϊʱ̫ΪУЩѾ˵ģܹ£ĸ֣ҵĺôŻ
е˿⣬ֻЦ֪ɱһ˭Ĵأ

Ѱ˼һᣬûʮİնԸΪ̽鲻ΪֻжֿܣһΪԼǿĶ࣬ڶΪĳĹˡ
ǵڶ첻ԸðķգԲѡ˶ʱĳĬ
ЩЦ죬ѾɵԼΪԲԼΪС
֮˸ŭԣΪɽڵΪҲԷɱˣֻ˭ʱԲѷأ
ֹ죬콻õЩҲĬˣһ˼ΪûԸΪðա
ԲѷĴҲ㣡
˵ˣȴЭĻҲһ
ŭֻܹɱԷ²壬쵽ĳǿʵʱ˵ķŭ㻯Ϊ־뵣ǡ
Ӵ룬ûһ˸ҵЩҽ֮ҲûôɵʱĳѰ·
ǱȸղЩ˵Ǵ
ЦȻÿ˵С
һеһУԵС鷳ԲɱЩߡ
СܹЭ֮٣ȴȻľȥΪȻ֫屻նʹҩ֫ǿġ
磬ȾңĲ
СĺҲ˵仰ȴΪԼҵĵλЩ˵ڡ
Сãη˴ҲȲ㣡ΪҵҫͰϢɣ
СĿıǲԷΪˡ
΢һ㽫Ԫ֮˸УЩ߿һ㶣ЩȻӵɶɽԪ֮
СȻģȴǱȥ֮ȻҲᣬϾֻԪӤڵΪȻҲûʲôӰ졣


932 
ҵʧСҲûа취顣
Ļӻӣһɴ㳯СϮȥСп־֣ȴֻһ˵ȻϮԼԪӤ
¡
СԪӤըˣȴԼģǱǹġ
һ˲䣬С㻯Ϊ𣬵֮Ҳˡ
ʱȻһȭ£С㣬ҲѾˡһ䣬ҲԪ֮塣ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣡ磬˫ҪһϼΣ
ߣ͹𵲴үĵ·
Щαļһύ쿴ƾʵҲ˵Ʋġ
ˣǾˣҪһһ˵顣
һҲӵĺǳȻʫ˴̤ĳϳŴȥ
߹֮ʱ˷׷õ粻лԼǲ̫ˣԷҲͶˣʵǿܹǿȥ
֣ǿ󣬽һȻ鴫ɱˣҿһֵ֮ܵ
һĸߴĺ߸մϳŴ͵ĻԷ̵
ŭԼ϶ͷţħţʵԼ¡
ţħҪңţҪ֣Ǿȥ˰ɣû֣ͱ˵仰
Բ޴֮ˣʱһ仰㽫ìţңԼҲó·
ǽ赶ɱ˵ļıţħʱǰôЦԼʮЦٲЦ󷽡
ţħǰ赲ôţħɱɱԣһ׮
ţħȻȴǼΪ嶯֮ˣЦߣţħ֮һ㵨СųҾȥסĵ·ǣ
ţħһ£ʮ˱㵲ס˵ȥ·
ţħɵƣҪùˣ
аЦȴ֪ԼҲΪù
̫ʶȤ׼һȴȻҵԼ赶ɱ˵İϷ϶ʱ¶Ц⣬ⲻǸԼɱ¾Ľ
Ƕվסǵʲôˣôң˵
ţħʵ

ʫȻǰȥ
ţħŭҲ׷װγ
Ϊ˭ȻӣҪѵѵ㣬˳ҵĵСӵʵ
ţħͻȻ֮ˣȻţĪĹϵرͷϵǣȥǱһķɽҪ
ţħҲͬʱѡǣһǿƴɢ
ʫͣ⽫ζĿʼֻţħȴδ֪һ㣬Ȼʮ㡣
ţħ׳գϿÿɣǶ˲ģ
ѵΪţħƲϵԼȰ裬ԼҲţҡ
ţħչԼʵɱ컹Ҫ˷ܡ
֣̫СţħˣٸҶҳԲѷһɱ㣡
ţħЦ˵ĿΧ֪˶ԹҲа
ţħĹҲһˣ˵Ϊ޼Ϊǣ治ˣԣҪɱԷǲܵģΪǣһȫƽϵ档
ʫֻԭصȻˣһҲûչֳη֮顣
ΨֱʶƼıţħб¾ͳҵʶһ£ʮû㶯֣֪㻹ǲҵĶ֣
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˺ڵĲ֮˺ڵΪֻܹ֮Ϊһ֣ﵽΪǳһ֣ߵȫͬġ
֪ţħǸֱӣһǲѵģвɰϲʱǶؼһﶷһԼǿɽۻ
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ţħǰųأΪ̲סҪҫԼʵ뵽ıһֱԼ죬δˣ̱¸ǡɼʾԣţħסˡ
ţħҲ̫ϲҫˣȻʹõǧ֮ڡҪǴﵽʵǶ˵ͷ
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ʩչ˵ţħŸͷųȫƣɢʱΧ߷׷˲


933 
ȻʫȴȻԭأϴĪЦ⡣
Ҳ˺ˣȴûˣζʲôţħҲ΢΢һ
ţħаͷ˵ȫƣ·׷׺֮ңҲˡ
ڵƺ񱩣һ˲סΧߣ˻ûüΪţħΪ𾪣ȴǱʫΪסˡ
ȻţħǵڵΪô˾Ȼ̩Ȼ˵ҲپеڵΪ
ţħɢ壬Դѹˣȴֶ˸ǲΪ
ãʧˣǶ˾ȻпͬߣǺã
ţħд󾪣æ˵û뵽λʵװʿǵڵΪ
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΢΢һЦ³֡
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ţħǰĵѾڣΪҫԼΪǿĵˣȴǴһ
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ҸղŲûмֻѾ촦ˣţħǸ׳գڵǿˣֻԶԷֶΣţħ֮ء
ֻԼڴһأеЦˡ
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ЦĺƽȴΪѾȫѹţħţħֻͷƤ顣
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Цһеţȴǲţħ֮УɱԼţħԣ顣
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934 
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ѡӶʧţǡɫȹӣԵʸΪɫķ磬ͷϣԵʥ߹Ҳܲ


935 
һ˵˺üеŵ˵ʫʫһСŮһ㣬Цǿɰ
˸ոѡȴһ˶һ˵ȫҪˣҴ
ȻɫŮӣлиԶԶĸ
̯ǰѾкüߣڿǰ󣬾Ȼ׷ɫá
ʫаŭӣ׼ԼȾָ
ȴϣʫһӿŵľһ˫ֱֱĵʫҲԸƿֺ
ӵĿˮ˳ͬʯܣĿɿڴʫƺ벻ȻŮ˿ԳƯ
ʫɫԵԼвЦһȴƺһҲ沿ȻŵЦ⡣
ʫʫѡɣûҪƽ̫ࡣ
ЦǣʫС֣ŨŨļ֮ɫ
ƯС椣ҵЩȣȫһεġ
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ͷһŮˣȻĶƯʫһȽϣԵǵɫƽƽȫǱȽϵЧ
Ǻǣӣ˻ȴֻܹˣ˼Ǻصġ
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㶣ƿߣֻһ̽飬㷢ֻڵΪ벻ͨȻвԼ
ڵߣǱǱ۸ϣڵ߾ȻƯŮˣⲻò˵һ漣
һûнֻǽ˵Сӣ椣ٿˡϿһȥ򣬱ٻ̲סɱ㣡ôƯСУ̣һ使εεʻ
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ʫһ仰㽫ΧЩˣΧ˵ʮȴûнӵ˵һȻס˸Եķλ
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ֳ˷籧ȭ˵ϵķţ̬ȱǰҪ˲١
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936 
ЦȻʫ̯ǰѡ˸ղſеļ
ʫڴһɫķΪãΪԸԼѡƾһʫϲá
ڹͭǰʫžеԼǷƺԼƽһȴǰ뵽ġ
˿װ𿿽װ
ʫǰֻŮһκ̱ϼ֣ҲЦ档
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׼˵ͻȻ˷ֻߣ߹Ҫ
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ͷķǿ㣬ʶ̧١
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Щ˼ѵг𣬷ôܻݰڵ̯أ
аȴû˵ΪǸӿߡ
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ʩչֶ֮ǰĻӣ̯ϵķȫĺС
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ǰľɫѾȫıˣȴһɽȣɽΧдеĸߴľɽȵײ
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937 
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ѪʲôбȥҾ˾ˣһΪͼ˱ʲô˼
ֳ˷⼤ŶԷȥԼľ˾ˣӶŹԼ
Ѫɫ䣬ȴǴŭΪԼʮǰȥҹǳԭԷΪಮ٣ȴͻȻð¹ȵĸ֣ЩһӵϣԼϧΪߣֻЩС
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ҪѪģԲŹǵġڣֻһᣬǾǵȳǡ˭ұѣѪŹǣҲԲŹǡ


938 
ֳ˷ݺݵвʱԲܹϱѪѹҲҪЩ
˾ڿֳ˷Ļû˿˵Ҳûѱ䡣
磬Һ£һҪңղŸ˾˷Ϣ𣿾˾ʲôʱԸϵ
ǻȹŮֳ˷绳ʵ
ڣκ˺ģΪҵģ˾˻ϸϵģǷκ飬Ӳ˾˵۾ֻҪȥһġ
ֳ˷ĸŪȹŮӵڷҲ˭֪˾ڵ֮ǰԼǲǻڡ
ԼĪȥˣûһ˱ѣֳ˷ҲЦˣƵѪЦѪ̴˰ɣĪ˵һ㹦򣬾ǵϰ꣬Ҳ˱ѱ١
ʫ΢Цĳգգۣʾжϴ󣬲ȴֻЦŵͷԼжһ
û뵽Ǽ˹ȻЩڣϷ򽫸֪ǣ˵ѾڵУڽͬʱѾͨһصĴԣҹҪҵȴһʱ̿԰쵽飡ڣа㹦ʱ䣬ǶԸⱳϷʱ䵽̵ֶɱǣ
ѪȻŵЦԼֱЩһᱳֳ˷ġ
ֳ˷Ҳʮŵģ˫ۻˣŵƵƵͷԴάԼϡ
磬ǲǶҪˣˣǣҲ
ȹŮͻȻ˵
¡Ҳһ±ӣһҪҵŮˣ
ֳ˷簲ο
Ҿû±ӡתͶ̥ĻᶼûУңҲҪ
ȹŮӱ˵ֳ˷绳ֳ˷д󾪣Щ㶵Լ谮Ůˡ
ѪǰҪǱԱ֤ҵ𣿡
ȹŮͻȻеѪʵ
Ҫ
ֳ˷󾪣סȹŮӵ֣ȴƿ

ֳ˷ʱΪԼҪǿϲ٣Ѿﵽ˷ڵΪ
Ϸ˵ĻҲãҲգ֮һ㹦ȻѡվһϷͻɱ䣡
ѪЦʱѾ쵽˵Ĵֳ˷Ѿע顣
ѪǰԸͶ
ȹŮӾţγѪĵطȥ
ֳ˷磬㿴𣿡
ѪЦ΢΢һ֣ȹŮӱ˵ѪĻС
ȱѻֳ˷ʹɱһѪ³βվȡ
ѪˣֻŹңҪʲôԣȹŮӴ˵ѾĺɽˣֻǰԻ
ˣҪɱֳ˷磬ҲԸ⣿
Ѫһץס˻ȹŮӵڷ¶̵Ц⡣
ȹŮû˿ԥ˵ֻҪѪǰӦŹңʲô

ѪӶͬЦЦǶôĿ⡣
ȹŮӱѺֳ˷ߵŮ˾һѡڴʱֳ˷磬Ϊ˻
ֳ˷ľǰһУɫͻȻޱȡ
٣ԲҵֻΪǰ㣬ҵȾԲᣡ
һ߱ȭ˵󣬾Ȼʮͬʱ뿪
Щв¶֮ɫȴȻڴʱֳ˷硣
̶ʮϢ֮䣬ֳ˷߽ʣ¶ˣҶŮˣʱȴһǸȻһɫӰҲɽȥ
û뵽ֳ˷Ҳн죡
ֳ˷״ٴһѪ
٣ˣЩ˶㣬Ҳᱳ㣡
һŮ˾ʱֳ߽˷磬ȴֳ˷Щ⣬ǰԼ谮ȴŮӾȻԼ벻ֳ˷ĺݺݵĳ鴤š
ɣҲϲ㣬ҲϲʵģԶ㣬ǶǼˣ
ֳ˷ŭһƿǺȹŮˡ
ȹŮ˵Ϊֳ˷绹Ҫϲ٣һƺ壬ʱһѪҲɽʯ֮ϡ
٣ҲҪ뿪㣬ɱңҲ뿪㣡
ȹŮӳȻֳ˷һȥ

ֳ˷һ̤ںȹŮӱϣžû飬һŲ㽫ǺȹŮӲڵϡ
ֳ˷磬Ů˴㣬ȴ֪ϧǿɱϾҪˣ
ѪЦ龡ϡ
ֳ˷缸ҪˣⷬѾЩܲˣʱͻȻķ֣úȹŮԼһԲŲ̶ԴȴҪ벻Լһ
λʰɣֻյϢʱҪǼ˹Ϸǰ󣡡
Ѫɪ˵
ЩЦѪ֮ԵЩɥĲ
Ѫܱ̬ĥһˣʲô˼
ʫۿЩʪˣʱֳͬ˷磬ʹѪ
ѪЦȻֹȻһץסǻȹŮӵزȻЦ̬֪ҵܹʲôĿ࣬ᷢǳˣС׼ףҵŮڻǼ˵УҲñ𣿡


939 
ҡҡͷû˵֪ʫԵЩֱܲɵĳ档
ѪҶһӣ˰ɣ
ʫȻ֪ѪԼ˶ŹôӷŹֳ˷أ
ʲôӣѱˣЦ֮
ѪЦȻ㲻ʫ
ڸһѡ˭ɱ˶ԷҾһ
Ѫ·Ķ˵
ԣŻǺȹŮӵֳ˷粻ɶ˻˼
ԭΪѪһŹԼֳ˷Ե÷ޱȣʱ˻ϣ̴
Ѫǰ˵Ļ
ֳ˷ʵ
ȻһСϷ򲻹ˣɱɱ㣬Ҫ
Ѫһ˿֮ɫȴصĺܺãֳ˷Ȼֲˡ
磬ɱҰɣΪ㣬Ըȥ
ȹŮӴȵ
ԲһҪ󣡡
ֳ˷һɨղŵή֮ɫѾɽԥĲŮӵĸ֮
ŮӵΪܵͣŴﵽڣֳ˷һǾȻ¶һ˿Ц⡣
鷢ĺͻȻʫɵɴ۾û뵽Լȵֳ˷羹ȻֱɵСˡ
ʫʫ輤թĹҧֻԹߣΪ֮ݡ
֪ӲǸѪɣ˵
ǸŮˣ
ʫб
ҵŮӿν֮˱пɺ֮෴ҾŮ̫޴ֵðˣҲ޴֮֮ҪΪκһ˶ݣһɱЩˣǵһжԹɢɣ
ɱŵЦ⣬ƽһйҧΪ
ʱǽԴϲľ棬Ѫˣֳ˷ɱ˶Լ벻ŮˣȻ֡
Ǳֳ˷ĻŮҲΪܹ˷ܣֳ˷磬ʱɱԼŮˣеûκαʹһΪԼлĻᡣ
ʫʫһֱչȱԲն޵һ;ǺҪģܹʹ߿ʱƶ񡣱磬㿴һĻǲ˽Դϲܿͻ޶޲ǵȵҳ֣ЩԴϲȫ㷢ûǶôĸӣֻп͸ſƿԼ
ЦŴⷬҲеĸ򣬼ʶܻкôģ´λ顣
ʫеԵ˽⣬žȻ¶ǺȹŮӲ뿪ֳ˷磬ƾһ㣬ԼȣĻͲ̫Զ
ǻˣʲô
ʫʵ˵ԼԤ
ԣѪˣֳ˷磬ᷢʲô£һн֮С
Ȼֳ˷绹ûһӱ⵽˴󱯴ϲȻٴϲ󱯵顣
ѪǰŹҰɣԸⱳѾ˾ˣ㣡
ֳ˷絥ϥأѪڡ
ֳ˷磬ҲϴСˣô˵Ϸ˵Ź㣬ģѵΪϷŹ˵
Ѫһֳ˷һδϲ󱯣Ӹ߿ˤµĸо˷񣬶ڶʱھδϲ󱯣ִϲ֮Ĵ󱯼ֱ˷
Ѫû뵽ǰݣȻǰ𣿡
ֳ˷粻ĵʵΪԼȡһ
ǰǱ˾֪Ϸǰֻɱ㣡СӣҲûйļһʲôϷںӣڵ̯Сӻ̫ˡϷ֪ϷȰģϷȻɱ㣡
ѪЦһͻȻһצΪߵĻɱˣǶɽڵԪ֮㱻ץУԪ֮屻ŵɪɪŭѪ˵
һֳ˷£Ů˷׷ɫ䣬֪Ѫ׷ŹԼˡ
ϾͿϷɣھȥɱЩһǶ̫ˣѪŵҲţǱ顣
Ѫ֮ӷһЦ
еɱŮ£
ѪٺЦ˫ǻȹŮ֣ȹŮӸҷƾ޼ɵΪ
Ѫ֮ӵжɽٳڵΪҪɱʣĻ޶ѶȣΪǸǿĻѾѪɱˡ
һĻѪȵɱɽ֮־ϢƬ̹һڻȫԪûѡ
ŮӱѪƿţֳ˷ѾЩˣ߶ʲô
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôҲİ
ֳ˷ľѾӽ־ŵĻʧأиǿѪ
־ŭ£ֳ˷һͷڷȻ˲ˣҰ׷Ȼͬѩ˿һ㣬˿Ϊ֮ݡ
ֳ˷磬㲻ϲϷ֪ʲôʹ֮࣬ϷӶ³л𣿡
ѪЦһסǻȹŮӵĺϵ˺Ƭ


940 
ֳ˷裬̲סһڿڵѪȫˡ
ˣϷУаɣϷڹŮ㣬аɣҪǲУϷڱɱ㣡
Ѫݺݵв
ȹŮӱǲҪ֮ˣʱΪ˻ʲôſڱУһǾȫĽеôꡣ
£һɽ֮лصֳ˷ҲִܲٴһѪ󣬾ȻѾ赹ȥ
ֳ˷ȥʱѪûдŹʱȻ׼ֳ˷Ůˡ
ѪȻܾʣڣ÷Ҷ뿪˰ɣҿɲ뿴ˣå
Цеɱǡ
ԭԼһʼͶѪԪ֮壬Щɣɵ֪ѪΪ˺Ѿ޹˼ɣɱˣɱһҲв
û뵽ǶҲô棬ǾϷŹ𣿳Ը⽫Ů͸Ϸ򣡡
Ѫ˸Ц⣬ȴŭʫ
ѪѰ·
ʫ̲סЦɱѸٵɢӴѪҲסˡ
ѪȻɱ˫ۣԶ̶ٶΪʶ㣬ֻڶʱڱжϳʫƷǳǿ󣬾ԼΪҲѷɫ
ʫһѾѧһ֣ʱֻɢڵΪѪѪġ
ԭֻڵΪϷΪͬȴΪֻǸߣϷĶ֣
ѪһֱƲߣƫƫ³ԹԼ߾
ʫʫѪƲΪȥץˣҲС㣡
ٺЦ仰ѪҲаæƶ˶ߣػӵļơ
ʳӣ
Ѫ֮ӱ㡣
ʫͷͻȻʧԭأΪԼ͵ǰ˲Ǿ԰ȫġ
ʫ˲ƺѪɵˣѪʱȻ޷̽鵽ʫ˲ƹ켣ζʲôǷǳֲΣա
ӣ
ѪеǻȹŮԵѸٵı㻯Ϊ壬⣬ȻһͷͨϻεĻ
磬ڶߵı嶼֣ȴŹͬ㣬Ѫ㳤һ㣬ȴҲԳ֮Ϊ޵ķ롣
ͨɫϻѪڣݣֱ嵹ǿ쳣
Ѫ֮ӵƾ̫ˣͱѪ˽һʵȴ˰ٱֹ
𣡡
ѪŭĺڱȻû̽鵽Է˲ƹ켣ԷʲôΪѪҲһЩ־塣
ಣ
Ѫ֮ӷһҺαѾʧѪҪץˡ
ʫٴγʱѾվһͷѪɫ֮ϣѪɫѪ֮ӡ

֮ӰܹȵȴǸ޷
ʫľʵ£֮ӵԪ֮嶼ܵƣֻܹƾ׸
ѪŭȴҲΪ֣û뵽ԷΪȻȫԼ֮ϣʶԷ޷֮ս
ǵʲôˣ
Ѫֵʵʱʳ⣬ȴԵ̫ˡ
ʲôˣղûʣֺαأ
ʫЦʵ
ˣѪҲöɱˡ츳ãȴΪãңǾսᣡ׼𣿡
ҲЦ˵ǿɱ⽫Ѫ֡
찡û뵽ҾȻˣǶҲڵΪҾȻֲֿĵˣ
ѪҪˣղŻڵ⣬׼Ԫ֮壬ȴǱֱð亹
ϲ֮󱯣ƺΪ˽֮ߵĻֵѪˣѪıҲʲôԡ
ǰѪðλλСһСԸ϶λΪ̺λ
ѪԾķɽ棬Ȼϥ¹򣬹˵
ʫЩĶˣոһڵΪˣ츳ڣƺǼаһ顣
ȴǲոѪѪʵûбԼУԪ֮ĸʵһ㡣
Ѫʵ̫ˣ޷Ҷո磬Ԫ֮壬㱨𣬿ɺã
ɫЦ
Ѫû뵽ԷȴԼΪͣ˵ǰѪҲ꣬ѾﵽڵΪ꣬ѪһԴﵽڵΪǰҵ츳ϣΪͰɣ
츳ǾΪͣ
ʫЩĶˣΪоѪ츳
ЦʫʫΪ츳ã츳ʲôкֵܶܶڶ֮˴ﵽڵΪ츳̫ˡ
ʫĿɿڴѪ򾪵ǰ˵ĲܣҲڶڴﵽڣ˵ˣܣ
ĲܣΪһһʮ꣬ΪȴǲֹΪأ
΢Цķʵ仰ٴü˵


941 
㾹Ȼֻһ꣬ôܣ
ʫеŵĶ
ʫʫôɣȷʵֻһٶ꣬ԲǼٻǸѪ˵츳ãҾЦ
صЦѪΪŵ뷨
ţ
ʫ֮³ĸֻ֣ĸֲܹٶȡ
ͨ˵츳ǿٶȿ죬ɳ֮ΪţȴǱŵ츳ǿٶΪŵѪҲĿɿڴ
ţûǰʱұﵽɺڵΪǳţ
ѪҲɿЦĳϵ
ЦУԼǳţֻ츳һҪǿһ˺ãҪԼ϶Խ
ʫʫΪ˶ţֻȴ˶ԼǱܣһˣֻҪӳԼǱܣȻţ
ЦʱѾȥˣ׼Ѫ
ѪƺӦ뷨ˣ˵ǰҳΪ֮ϣҲĶ֣ҪأȻԪԱҲˣ
ŶӵУѵҲˣ
ʵ
ѪһЦʱѱﻹܹ˼ӣΪˡ
һʵΪֻҪҲɱҶӣȻǱ𣡲ҪǸҹҾʩչԪԱҲ˺ù
ѪɫʱԪԱԼɱﵣǶԷȻΪԼҲֻ·ˡ
ѪԪԱҶ˶ԣûʲôвΪҶ˵ΪѾɺô򵥣
һ˵ѪΪ֣еĺڸбû뵽ԼȻϹ۵ĳ֡
ûԪԱ
˵ͬʱѾһŻɫ棬֣ǻɫ͵Ѫ
Ѫܣȴûжȵޱȿ־֮ʱȴǻɫ澹Ȼޱȣһ˲סԼԼıԳܵġ
ɫΧѪɫѪֲֿĻѪ޷֮Կ
ʮϢ֮䣬ѪıڻˣֻʣԪ֮塣
ҵģӺƴˣ
Ѫ
ôܻΪʲôܹԪԱ
Ѫ޷ĺ
ֻѾ巳ˣһУѪԪ֮㵽С
Ѫ㻹ʲôԣ˵ɣҲһɣƽ˵
Ѫ׼ˣȴֻһҵʹϮԪ֮壬֣˵ĻӲʻؿС
ǰһ󣬿ԷҶ𣿡
Ѫ֪
֮Ҳƣ
ʫһӦȴû˵
ಣ
һɫ浯Ѫ֮ӣǻ˲㳯Ѫ֮ӣʫԶѪ֮ӡ
ѪһӱĻ𣿡
ƽʵһУ㽫Ѫ֮ӵԪ֮С

Ѫһ̾Ϣвɱϡ
ʫʫ֪ôġ֮ҲƣκˣͬˣǷǳֲ飡㣬ԵʴȾǶԼ̣ռʱҪ߾ȫˣԶҪΪԼ»
˵ⷬʫͷ߶ԵʴȣǶԼ̡
ǰ˻ԵʴȱǶԼ̣仰һҲû˵ҵҲܹ仰Բ³Ǹ˭뵽ȻİŮˣɣǰܹɱǵĳѪ޺
Ѫ˵˱Ƚкʵʵԡ
ϲǸŮأʲôرҪ󣿡
ƽʵ
һеǰ⣬ôһǰֱ֮Ƚϳ⣬һ˶ǰ֣֮Ҳžˡ
ѪЦˣЦޱ
ֻҪܹ޺
Ѫ֮ҲЦͬЦ಻
ãҴӦǣ
˵󣬱㽫˵Ԫ֮븹УȻ㿪ʼԪ
ߵԪô򵥣⼸ɹǿߣʹñյİ취÷ָԪ֮壬һɡ
ʫһԿʼ˳ΪʱʫѾɽƣһ˵ǾԲǰġ
ȴ˵ֳ˷ʧٺ󣬵Ѿַ죬Ȳ˵ֳ˷ǳϵƾֳ˷Ǳ¹ȵĵӣ㹻õΪַ֮ˡ
ǣųƱ¹ȵĺĳУȻžصĵλУ¹ǾԵͳߣǺ˸ð¹ȵĵӣѱ¹ȵķ׷ɱ
ϳ֮شţЩڵ̯ȫܵǣ
ʮ¹ȵĸȻǾҲҪڳֳ˷䡣


942 
Ŀߵ˳жɷпܵıʫ
һĹ򣬶˵ͼѾ˵ǣκ˼˸ߣɱ⣡
ΪΨһʧˣǼֵ顣
֪޵һкȻһˣԻ۰ޱȣ֮ģ˽֮Խʵǿ޵ߣ֮Խ
֮˽ǵеĸ֣ʮ£ٶﵽ˴˳ڵΪЩǰսѣеڵߣиڵ߰ѹóĴ
ʧӰ٣ƺ޼Ѱ̽ʧĵص㣬ȴһ
Ʊľ֣ʹͨ̽ڷЩ˿
ΪҲǲͣʩչ֮̽ڷеһؽơ
ƳؽƺһС͵ĴǰóɴʧɫΪϤϢڡ
˼һ󣬳ͻȻѪˣһϴûɱξȻұ¹ȣ
֣赣ģǸѪϴβֻڵΪǺ
Цü֮ɢǿš
֣ˣѪıˣ츳Ҳ֮ѾﵽڵΪǾԲһѰġ
̾ϢԼ츳ȴǲѪԱ¹ȵƣԼӦôﵽڵΪˡ
֣ע̫ˣѾѣǻаĻᡣҲ׻Ҳδܣ
ƵȻ֪̾Ϣ˼Ȱο
ԸˣôҪѰѪξԲܹˣ
һڶ֣ĴǶ봫󣬰ȫͺ̷Ϣ
ǣˣ
ɽٺڵ߱ȷʹˣ˽봫󲻵һӣ̷˰ȫϢ
һ۲ԶŮˣаЦŮ˱ǴѪģѾһ̺Լôδ¶֮⡣
ڳվŶλǵŮŮǳصŮˣʲôʱ򵽴ŶˣΨֶ˱Ѫߡ
ڽ봫󣬾ȳֳ˷磬Ѫ
ϵ봫󣬳һ
Ӵ߳˷һɭ֣ڳƵ̽£һƬ
֣ЩʮǿӦڵ߲õģ¹Ԯ
ѿ֣˵ü֮һ˿ǡ
Է׷һΪߣ⼸޵еĴڡ
ҲǴʧɫв²⣬ѪﵽڵΪôֱȥɱԼʹ͵Ϯ֮ԼأȴǺ޷ó飬ΪѪѾﵽڵΪ
һֻһ
Ц֣һʱȥܹԮ¹Ȼų֮һʵﵽΪ׳Щ鶼أֻΪұ¹ǿĲڸ֡
˽⣬˽⣡֣ʱҲʵˣʵұڵΪֻһ֮ҪԸڵѪȴǲɱп޷˼ǵİȫ
˵óȾϲû뵽ƵʵȻﵽڣǸϢѪʵȻҲﵽҪڣóͷ۲ѡ
̷֣ԮҪʱб¹ȸǰǾڴ˵һᣬʱѪԲܹߣ
˵
΢΢¶Ц⣬֪ͷϺ꣬ǾԲܶñ¹ȵĶֵġ
һû뵽ľȻѪʫδ֪ĸ֣ȴѾϵб¹ȵڵȴ
ʱ֮ѾѪԪ֮壬ǰаѨɱʧΪҲѾ˻ٶȿʫֻܹа̾츳ʵ̫̬ˡ
ʫʫһˣʵҲӵԪ֮Ǳע⣬Ϊ֮ǿǷǳΣյġЩԪ֮ĽʵϣЩ֮ҲһɼܵġԸ⣬ҿԽԪ֮塣
ɺ󣬵һ仰ʫоޱ𾪣Ĳ飬ʹţһһ쵰
Ԫ֮壬ʫ붼룬츳̫ֻܹһֽݾ
ҲԪ֮ҲԪ֮壬ٶȱ౶Ұɣ
ʫֹסе˷ܣһĪĳ˵
Ԫ֮ȵҪĶ࣬ڶõĺôȻȴǿɼǸҪһĻԵɺϣ֮ȴϲʲôơ


943 
ʫʫΪô̵ʱٶȣʵԪ֮ĪĹϵ뵱𵤣ԪӤɹߵΪȵҪ౶
ЦԶ㽫ʫθڵϸߣǶԽ֮кôġ
ʫ˫˷ܵĹâȻ˿ٵʽգʵǼź顣
뵽ȥʫⷽ㹻ľģֻǣȴЦӯӯһ㶼ż
ھԣҵθˣ
ʫĸ첲Щżˡ
ǺǣʫʫѧɼܣҿģȴӦ˲УҲ㣡
һ˿Ĺâ
ʫԽżˣæͷ˵ʲôͿ˵ɣӦûӦġ
ӴԺ³ƺ磬Ҿͽ֮
˵ЩԷĿޣԼ֪᲻Ӧ
ʫû뵽˵ֻ˼һСᣬһۣͷӦ
ĹϵͬˣѾΪŮˣҪʫӦǲܵ顣
磬磬ͻ۸ң
ʫǿɰģҲĶ
˵ŶҵŮˣý磬ǹءˣһᣬϱ֮ڵȥŪƷ
˵һѾʧɽ֮С
ʫõĽƲֻɺڣڵʵɵĴؽơ
ಣ
³ʱ˵Ӱһȴʧ
ѪˣСģ
侲˷׷񾯽䣬ǵӰʧȴٳˡ
֣⼫п۷˽ƻڣ
Ƴ˵ʶѸٵĳΧ֣ȴû̽鵽ʲô쳣
¹ȸոϵĶλȴǻڳĴڸУҲͻȻ־ˡ
ѪʵȻﵽڣҪɱ治һ׵飡
Ƕ˶һۣӶԷп˾֮ɫ
˲Ƴ̸ֺ֪ΧʵоȻмʵаϲ
¶Էи֣¶Էʵ̫ˣΪиֲսڵԪ֮壬ǷǳȤġ
һʮУΪ͵ҲѾﵽ˶ɽٳڣȴжŮ⣬Ů˵ΪߣһԼĪԪӤڣһմﵽΪ̳ΪĿꡣ
ڳֺһʱ˲ƣȻʹ˽֮ɭ֮УֱֶΣͬҲ̽ĵ
ڳ¿ʼۼһǶŮˣʱվڳҶ࣬ѿҲ࣬ж¹ȵĸȺ֮У׼ʱѪ벻Ĺ
һڣڣ¹ȵʵǿ󣬵ƾ⼸˾ͿħˣƺЩˡ
аħҲʵô϶Լʲôôʵô
һû̽ټ󣬱ΪֻѪʩչĻӰûôϡ
һۺ󣬱׼շλƷȻҪƾԲô򵥵ġ
һԿһᣬѾѰҵֵĿ꣬ǶŮվڳߣһ˱ѪŮˣǸԪӤڵŮˡ
ѪԪ֮ҲӵѪļ䣬ѪļУŮӵӡʵ̫̣ԣŮӻɻңҲԱݡ
ɺ󣬱ߵĴ䲢޶ٺôΪ̫ļ䷴Ӱ쵽ԪԣΪһԪ֮Ԫϼ֣һѡԵıҪ䣬ôҪϢɾ
һŮҲǳŮˣ׾ͷֱ⼸ʮУŮԼĪռ֮һŮ˲Ϊ¹˫磬ԣ¹Ʊ˫ޡ
ʼոоЩһĪΣƺߣóĲһʱͷһߵĶŮˣǳĶŮӣǵһһЦӡ˳
ǱȽ׵ģʱ۲ͬʱ˼ǸʫƷҲѰҶԼķʽ
ŮˣǽŪߣôԲ뿪ҪһȻضˡ
ȷĿ󣬱޵Ľӽ˶ˣȴڲ֪ɵġ
ֻһ磬̸оΣյĴڣγɽ뻤סߵĶŮˡ
Ȼ鷢ˣֻݵļߵĶŮͻȻʧ˿С
ץסŮ󣬵һʱʩչ˲֮˲ƺ̽ʫõɽ֮С
ڵĸ̽鵽Щ˲ƹ켣ȴ
ʧڿк󣬳ʧɫãҵŮ˱Ѫץˡ
ʵ˵ҲˣΪǶѾʧ鷢ȴǷǳ졣


944 
ӵڵߣȴ˵Ƥ׽߳ĶŮˣȫò˼顣
һ˲䣬˵ĿⶼˣƿЦһ֪ôشʻ
֣ղſ̽鵽Ѫټ
ҪˣȻ¶ˣȴҲûǶŮӱѪץ𺳡
ѪʵҲ̫ǿˣҷžȻֻ̽鵽һ˿˲ƹ켣Կ϶ǣûԶǽ֮С
ƻ˵еͻȻܵ˴
ͷæʵ֪λʦֶԷ˿
ǶȺеŮһ˫֮ˣʵﵽ˵ڣΪ¹Ȳĳ֡
ֻγȴ˶֣һ㣬Ҳû̽鵽˲ƹ켣
׶Щ˵Ѫôڶ̶ʱߵΪЩܣų֮ҲﵽΪ侲룬˵ǲѪ
Ȼ˵Ȼ¼Ϊ֡
׶ҲҪżҵֻҪסѪ϶Ӳߵġ
ߵŮ˰ο
żޱȣ϶˵λʦ壬Ҹҿ϶Ѫ֣Ϊû˻׽ҵĶŮˣһڱңҸҿ϶
һۣȴҲ۲ʲôһðյķǾֳ֮С
̫ⷽΣˣ¹Ƕȴͬǣֻܹԭء
Ϊ˱أЩڵ·سУֻµϵĸ֡
һѾʮˣʵȴû½٣ֻǲҪͻǰơ
غֽǶŮ˽֮С
Ůӵòȴ쳣ޣʫȣȴҲ˶١
ʫץ˶Ů˻вɰԲųԾʵ磬ĪҪ˵Ԫ֮壿
ˣ
ƽĻش
ǶŮڱץ󣬵ŵɪɪһȻвʲôˣϿңҷһɱǵģ
һŮȴǳ涵ˣδ飬Ҳ̲סз֮ͬġ
ʫѾЩԥˣƯŮӵԪ֮壬ƺԵ̫ˡ
һŮ˵ʵҲһεֱɱ˵֮ǿʵڲԶݵġ
ʫһŮˣȴҲһҼ飬ȻЩɶ˵Ԫ֮壬Ůӡ
в˵ŮӵȻ֪˵ΪʱвǱΪ֮
ΪǳŮˣλͬСɣ˸ðʱˣŮ˱̳веô¡
ʫʫòֻǱѣԴӰ޵֮ģ
ѵɫ֮Ȼǳƽ
ʫֻ΢ͬ飬ܿвŮӣɱѸٵӡ
ǵʲôˣϿң
Ůƺܵʫɱ⣬ֵ˵岻ϵĺˡ
ʫõУ۶Է˵δûκ
ಣ
ʫһȻŮǰ
ŮӴʧɫŵᶼˣʫʵޱǿ󣬵¿ġ
ûã
ʫ꣬־ǼΪᶨģΪѧϰ֮ɱһ߸㲻ʲô
磬ǿʳ磬ǿΪߵֻбǿ֧䣬ǹɡ
ʫһݣзһŮţʫڵΪҪɱŮʵ̫򵥡
ʫѡ˹ĵķʽԽɱŮӣŮӵ屻ɱԪ֮ܿݳҪܡ
ʫ΢һ֣ŮӵԪ㵽ʫС
Ůӵʬڵϣݲ԰ֽʧȥԭе
磬ǿʼɣԪ֮壡
ʫᶨ˵
΢΢һЦܹʫ飬ΪԭͱȽʱΪԪ֮ɱһòŮӣпܻЩӦ
һΣܹʫ̬ȣģһ֣һŮӵ㳯ȥ
屻ɱŮӣԪ֮ģȴûκЧȻתΪƿڴ
ʫʫҽ㼸жԸԪ֤֮
ЦŽʫԸԪ֮ķʫѧᲢʩչŮӵԪ֮۵޷ƣֻܹģսһԲ
ʣµŮͱŵĻɪɪڱһֻץסŮڿĵǰһԸū
ŶΪôͣҪūʲôã٩
Ů΢΢ȻŵͷǰˣҪСŮŮ֮費ǰΪūһ߾ȫ̺ǰǰܵŮ֣֮
Ϊ˻Ůӵκι˼ɣ˵ⷬ󣬾Ȼϵȥչ¶˷ġ


945 
ٺһЦ޼ɵĴŮӵģȷʵй֮ľʫȣҲ˿ѷɫĵǼƷ
ʫŭû뵽Ů˾Ȼ޳ܣԼ湴ʫԲġ
ˣ
ʫŮӵͬѾתΪŭŮæĶ
ܹѪԣܹõǳΪŮӵȻЩֶΣҲЩ档
ҲǷǳǿģʱҲһ°ˣԲκΰĽ㺡
Ҳһ㣬ûҼʫʫĺãҲĺԶѾʫʫˣﻹܹͨɫŮӡ
ЦһסʫԭŭʫҲת磬аԸۡ
ߣҲҵĺãû뵽ǰ۹ô棬ڷԲųƵһˣû˸˵ڶŮ֮ⷽӵŶһ޶ơǰţԣһһ
Ů˲˵ս⵹ЩԾԾԡ
ʫЩˣŮ֮Լ϶ǱȲûκʣȻҲ̫޳ˣѵΪǷԴԼ
С椣ѪǳŮ˰ɣûȷʵмֶΣϲʫʫִŮˣּˡ
ƽ˵֮кްа֮⣬ʫҲΪģŮסˣеĺ롣
ŮʹֵɱﵣȴǸͲᣬûʹ˫޷ֶΣֻܹڶĿ־С
һ֮䣬˽ʱ־Ϊĵ
ŮѾɪɪ˵Ϊʹֶζ޷Ȼ
Ҫɱң㣡
Ů޷ʹֶΣͨڵأİ
Сģʱ˿̣ĲǳŮӣֻһĳªߡ

³֣ѾִݻĶȡŮӵԪӤ
ʫʫǾ仰ԼҪʴȣԵҪ̣Ǵ֮
ȻһЦ̩ȻЦʫҲȻĵͷ
Ůʵʹ˼ƣȴ˿Ϊƾ־˵־Ҳʫ塣
֮ʫʾ֮ԪӤΪѭ򽥽ʩ̡
СʱʫѾϵɷȻȲĿʼ顣
ʹһʱʫڶǸڵԪ֮壬ʫ˷ܲѡ
һΪȻȴζĶ࣬һȫµ·ʫ˵ԺٶҲӵŵٶȣҪġ
磬лл㣡
ʫ˽ĻУидĶ࣬Լƺʲô¶ٵԼϣҸʫҪ޳
ԺʱҪѧ˼ܹĳ޵ߣҵһרԼ֮·
˵ĻԴʱʫԣڽԣΪǱĴڣˣأ
ͻȻƳ˾ҵ𶯣öͬʱ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ʫʫдˣǵյķʰǡ
Ц˵̱⡣
ͣǺǣݱ¹ȵˣ˼
ʫܹ飬ϾܹԪ֮壬̫ˣԼҲЩȲҪµԪ֮塣
вĸоһĵֱöŮпˡ
¹ڴһµǾʹǿƵơ
ĽƲѣƵĽȴǺѣͬսһ㣬ʿҪسʿϲпƳǡ
Ⲣ˵ﵽſƳƣһҪȲƵ˵Ϊǿ
ʩչֶΣʫֲµĽƺܿԵҡҡ׹Ѿŵʫ
磬ô죿
ʫʵ
ȫǸƣòҪ¶ȫΪΪ¹ҲиǿߣǵǿʵҪŶԸ¹ȵľ֡
˵
ˣͬһһȻǵԪ֮塣
ʫǸˣȻҲʼѧʹüıʫʵʵΪǿ
ͷȻ˵֣
ʫһ˼̱ˡ
ಣ
˲ıˣѪ״̬һģһʫһ㶣û뵽Ȼʹñ仯֮
޵ߣ֮ͨв٣ܹʹ仯֮ߣʫͷһμ
ʫʫӹ̽ƣǺܿҪƣȴܲһ㹥Ƶļȥʹüַ
Ըǣʫļӳֽ£Ʊһֱڲȶ֮Уȴʼ޷ȫơ
¹ȵˣϷĽƶƣǵʵҲ


946 
ģѪЦĴ˶С
ΪƽƶŭʱѪڿȻԵŭɶ
Ѫб³һսڽ֮ʲô£
ŭǸоѪѾﵽڵΪ˵Ҫƴ
ˣʹļӳЧǸƽƣڣҾôôˣϷ򲻽ԼŮˣҲŮ³лⰡ
ݼһʱʾ˱¹֮ˣԼʹǷеľ衣
Ȼ¹֮⣬Ѫƣ־ŭ˺޲ֱӳȥѪһս
¹ǶڵѾЩ಻סˣԷΪǶԳ裬ҲǶԱ¹ȵƣΪ¹ȵĳ֣ԲܹƳ֡
¹ȣֻǸɣûʲô˲ģһΣ˶ڣϷȡ˳Ǽ˵˶ڣܹϷأϷڽеǣľͽɣ
ͱ¹ȣ᳹׼ŭ֮ˡ
ɶ񰡣Ѫ
˫ȭյŭ
ֹǱ¹Ƕ󳬼ֵɫҲѿԷȻŵ̶ֳȣֱǶԱ¹ȵ衣
λǰС˶ԷļѪ˽һ̣
һڵѵ
ߣʲôѰ·Ա˽⣬ﵽڵΪҲΪ壡
̺ǳ
¹Ҳ׷׷ŭĳԴѪΪڱ¹ȵΧڣȻƾһɢ˲ǶԱ¹ȵ衣
ƾ˵ļ֮ʣеЩѪȻ˵Ϊ
ƳƣƬҲûƵԷƣ˶ЩΡ
¹ȵСǣԭҲнѽϷڸͲǣǳԱϷʵ̫˷ˡˣ㻹ǽεε˰ɣб¾ϷһսϷԷƣǣ𣿡
ﲻݣһñ¹ȵΪַ֮ѭ򽥽ġ
״̬£˻侲Ĵ飬һޣŭͷԣʲôƫ鶼ĳ
ŭȴԵ޿κΣΪ֪ѪѾﵽڵΪˡ
ΪΪĲಢԳʵҲǿڵһսʤȴǳ֮ͣó޿κεĵط
Ѫ޵òб㹫ƽһս
ŭ
ߣ㵱ϷСб¹ȵļڣϷȥǵΧб£һս
޼ɵЦ



ЦһԼѾﵽ˼ŭԷĿģʵʩһ׶ˡ
ʫһֱ˵Ļϴ΢ЦԽˡ
ռݾƵ£ȻȻʹüıԼĵˣǽǶôµһ顣
ʫѾ¶⣬׼ѧϰʹıԣŻԼʵǿ
˼ǳڰ಻סˣر뵽ԼŮ³лóļҪˡ
Ѫű룬вݵս
ڳ嶯ˣд޾ķŭС
ĺȻӿֳһ㵭ɫ壬˴Ϊȡ
ͻȻʼǣʱ򣬾Ҳò˼顣
ͻˣҾȻͻˣ
дϲʶȻ˲ﵽڣڱΪٵС
¹֮˻ûüȰ裬Ŀ˳ΪһĻ
Ǳ¹ȵĶҲдϲͻƣζű¹ֶһλʵǿĳ֡
оȹΪʱļ֮ԡ
ãΪӣԪ֮壬ʵȴǰΪһ£
ڽ֮Уʶȴǰ̽棬ֳΪȻҲа֡
ǣ˼䣬˵һȺСǼͷڹɣȥܳŮˣ
磬⼤Ǿʣ
ʫЦжԽˣĳ˵һʹıԵ޵߲µġ
ǺǣǳΪˣϣΪȶһǰңٵһᣬͿջˡ
ŵ˵Ȼ㿪ʼɫץʱ
ڽĿϲУȻҲǰԾϲ뽫Ϣã׼ȳȹڵΪᡣ
ʱ󣬳ϴ󹦸ɣڳӴ۾һǰĽƣһַս⽥Ĵӳӿֳ


947 
ϲֽΪ¹һ֣
ӵһЦĹֺϲƺѾɡ׶ıΪ֡еϸڸı˵ʵҪԡ
лʦ壡
ʱѾʱķԺãֻ
˿Ѿʸҳֵˣٽʦ壬ҿҪˡ
ӴŹЦ
磡
Ŀڵ˷ɫ
ҲϲʦܣһԾʵǿϲɺ֮£
¹ȵڶҲڹϲ
ȻԽƷһҲҵϾԷԼǰ˸ԼӣԼҲܹ̫ˡ
˼εأǳأóɷֵĪڴˡ
İŮˣڶԳԣԵҪһ㣬Ϊʵ˲ʱȥӵĶ
һףڿϲ̬УһѪ׼ɣ
ĺȣȫô£аϲ༥б¾ͽһһսʲôã
Σñô
ĴںĿЦʱҲĳİΣ
ͬΪڼôҪɱԷԪ֮壬⼸ǲܵ顣
ȻӵжԸԪ֮ǿֶΣʤʱӡ
ڣҽͱɣ
ٺЦʫɽƵС˲٣Աǳ롣
ǿԳʱʵԻǰ첻ģڵΪȴǲѡ
λѪһսϣλڴסڣǧܹѪˡ
ȭЦ˵Ȼųǰֱȥ
ʫĿΪ֮£һ˲˽֮У㷢ѪһԶԼ΢Ц
ʮʬ徲ڵϣ̱㷢ԼĶŮ˶УŮ˵ʬҲڵϡ
дŭȴЩɻΪѪԼӶɱˣһʹ̵ַ
Ѫ챾㲻ݣģ㾹ȻǶɱˣϷҪ
ŭȵɢƣմﵽڵΪͣսŨ
ǺǣϷ˵ˣģ㻹û׹
Це˵ȻһҲûн
ʫͬ΢ЦһЦݱ׽ʫѪŮˡ
Ѫԭ»ѹֻɱԼӡ¸£»ڱҪˣ
а֮ɫеľâʫ´ܿжϳʫΪֻǶɽڶѡ
ʫҲŭѧһУԻΪʾɽڣֻҪΪﵽɽڣȻ̽ԼʾĶɽΪֻȴǼѡ
ʵ𣿡
ĵ˵ֶһҲû
ಣ
ʱŸȻȹʫвѪ
˲ƺʫĸо˲ƹ켣ɽǰ
¸£椣Ϸץˣ
Ц󣬳ʫΧҡ

ʫ˵֮ʱɽȻնǳ
ﵽڵΪȻҲȫһʫһбѾ󾪣û뵽ʫҲǵڵΪ
һ֮ڳ֮£ռ˾Եơ
䣡
͵ĻӳһȭμˣȴȻʫĽˡ
˶ԣȴʫûоȫĽڳδ֮ʱͻȻһԵѪȻ˲ˡ
ãȻ޷̽鵽˲ƹ켣
仯ɱ壬һͷڿлζš
ڱ̬£ս˲٣һâ֣⻤âս׵ı
¡
һӴȭ͵ĺɫâһȭ֮ʮֹ죬ֻܹһ
˶徹Ȼһȭ֮ԼĪ֮ңȻֵĻᶼûС
ڵʶԶԶǿڳʶ㲻ʹɷȻռԵơ
оĪΪԼڵΪȻ̽鲻Է˲ƹ켣ⱾЩˣεǶԷȭͷϴ
״̬£һȭ˴ƺ߱ġ
ಣ
ʫҲ˲ˣȻ̽鲻˲ƹ켣о̣ѪΪԼ֮УԭҲʵǿİ֡
ɵѪ㲻˵ҪһһΪŮһлң
ŭĺ͵ٴǴһɫȾͬһȥΪǿ
ȴǷԼȻ޴ʹ׼ȥȴͻȻоһֲĽѾϮԼ
䣡
˰ģȻǽնţһݵʹ崦ɫâҲڶԷĹ°ȥ


948 
һͻϮ֮£ѡ÷ĳȥֵǳı㣬ؼ汸ѪսлûгԹ
㱻ʫķɽնϣҲɽһ֮˿ڣһɱ̵ѪǱ֮ӿ˳
屻ʫһɵʮ֮⣬ΪʫԽ޵ӣһ֮ȳʵҪǿϲ١
Աȫµ״̬ЩԼȻ˲һ
ޣѵߣ
оδͻȻѪ˲ˣ̽п
һɱϰմһȭһȭٴνɣļȡ
ʫĬԶĹʫѾɱ
óֵǣ˶ʹ˲ƣ˲ȴ޷̽鵽켣
߾ȫҲֻܹǿ̽鵽ģ˲ƹ켣ע˱ĵλ
𣡡
ÿһαɺ󣬳ᷢƵĺµİٵȶΧҵķҪϮ˲ƵĶˣ̸ס
е˼ǧ֮棬֪ɱȻ᲻Ѿȫնϣ
ЦÿһȭǳļȲ
ԭռݾƣʵ£֮κһ˵ʵǳ١
Ȼȴչսһĵıȶ˿Ҳζųп߶
磬Ǳȱȣ˭նµȻһ㣡
ʫһóȻ
㲻Ѫ㵽˭

ǺǣѪΪ̫ˣѾˡΪѪǿϲ٣żһҾͻԪ֮塣
¶аȵЦ⣬ó૵˵
λĴע˴ʱıߡ
ǳ֪ĲѪͲóȻΪѪʵģǴﵽΪˣսҲǿȥ
ֻԷˣһǶ֣һ˴ɱм֮ûУ̸֮
ǵ˭
ŭʵشȴһҵĹ
ͬɳһ㣬Ʋأȴһιˣھܶʮε˲ƹ󣬳ļؼ汸ĳҲֻʣһС롣
ڳ壬˿ڣ⻹صģó־ǣԼļΪأѾ½ڵΪˡ
ʫʫʱ䲻ˣΪ˵ڶ㣬ҲʰɾҪˡ
ЦȭأٱǰһֹʫҲɺڵΪ±ʵǳֲôá
ӣϧĲף
бݵģԼƺһλֵļûУԷ˳սκģȴ֪˵ݡ
֪ˣһǶɱ죬ţħظ֣
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ʱΪѾ˵ʵȻǶ˵Ķ֡
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ŭ޷ݣ弸Ժ״̬±Է˺ɱ⵽ô£
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ͻȻ˵仰óپĪɴ۾
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949 
ĵˣҲ޿κΣʱֻܹŭǱɣ޳ܣϿſƣϷԪԱͬھ
ԪԱζų׵𣿡
ʫȴЦʼʹù֮
治ʹԪԱΪòûҪһڳУʼһ˿ϣΪԮڽ档
ಣ
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ȴ֮;ļܣ
Ԫ֮˲ƺڿʱͻȻȻſֲĻɫ档
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ڿ̽鵽Ԫ֮˲ƹ켣ݵָŻɫ˲ƹ켣
ֳʱˣȻ˰Ż档
㵽ôѵһҪԪԱ𣿡
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΢Ц˵һǰŻ澹Ȼ͵γ˰ǽȻǳԪ֮ѹȥ
ѹһռʱѾȫԪ֮֡

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ԪзִģﵽڵԪ֮壬Ǿ͵СӦԣһ߻ħΣա
Ԫָ֮СţȻһɣȫ
ʫȤԪ֮壬идĶ࣬ѧ˲ټܡ
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ִǰĽƣԭӦÿͻƵĽƣʱȻǿ˹
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Ҫһ㣬ڵãҲʹȫˡ
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ʹȫҪƣȴȻоƵˣٴαΣöЩ߳ŭˣӴ
λԣ
ƹЦвǿʤĳ嶯С
Ӷ޷̨ԸһԣϲΪҪҲ޷룬Ǿ˵Լ˲ʵá
Χ߱治˵ʲôȴЩ뷨ΪֱӾͽ֮С
ಣ
һȻʧӰ٣ξͶ˽֮УӶЩаЦӶ˵ʵô
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ȿȣֵǰȥӦòҪϷǰˣϷ˾ڴסڣһѪӶݣϷԲŹ
תעַⷴȴǲҳԳˣϾڵΪ
ʵϣ֮Բܹ룬˾ȷƵġ
ǻۣȻᾡƵλǱ¹ȵĶн룬ֻƼƲӣϾǱ¹֮ˡ


950 
ȽƣȫͬˣȻǱ¹֮ҲԲߡ
ڽʱڱӱ¹ȶˣڽƺд󾪡
ϵʬѾ˵˺ܶ飬ǳʬڵϡ
ıǱȽģһ㣬λῴڿʬбЩڶԽˡ
ɱ֣
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ʫʫҪսپˣΪǱ¹ȵļһǵȵļأôҲչǵ뷨ɣ
ЦͲشƵĻΪʵҲǷϻʵ
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ಣ
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ƵӰһΣһžݾԼǰ֣еķɽȴǳԼն
꣡
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ƻû촦Ǹ޷ݡ
ʫնΪκȴŭһԭնɱ徹Ȼ˲£
⵹ʫҲɲ죬û뵽һﾹȻӵȼܡ

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Цǵ⣬Ȼʫ
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ʫһ֮½ɱʮ֮࣬ȴ޹ƵɱߣնΪʮҲ˲ϡ
ϽſϷȥϷǱ¹֮ˣڿɲˮǷſƣϷ㲻ΪУ
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ಣ
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ǿΪصǾͽ֫⣬Ȼ֫壬ֻҪһ𣬶ԷصԪ֮Ҳ¶
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Ƶβ£ܿڻɫڣҲ̽鵽Ϊ½
Ȼôû뵽
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ಣ
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951 
ն콣˻ɫ棬ԸԼΪϺܶƣƾͬ츳Ҳɱ
ƵԴնϺʼʩֱԻɫͷ­
һͷβͣڿУ⿴ȥǶôĹ죬ʧȥͷ­Ƶʵ½һ룬Ʋ㱻Ÿ
Ԫ֮廹ţҪҳҲܼ򵥣
˵ʱٴʩչֶΣҪնƵ֫˺ܶ࣬ΪƵʵ½̫
ǲݷ˵ԵĽƵ֫Ҳնˣ̲סڿйֽġ
ʧȥͷ­βͣ֫ƵѾˣûʲôҲʧȥǾĺ׳
ǰͶҰɣ
뵽кڳ嶯ĽУʲô֮˲µĽƣһΣķɱ֮ء
ͷϲ㣬ͶЧ׼Ԫ֮ɣ
һŻɫ潫Ƶסڲҽ֮Ԫ֮ڱƳˣڻɫİΧ£ȴ·ӡ
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ֶ֮ƣ
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ƵԪ֮峹ɺڵڶҲѾɣǿԪ֮Ч
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磬һأ
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ʫͷıеأʱҪס¹֮ˣС
ڴ˴أѪħ֮ǰȥյУǼܣȻ׷ɱңһʩչңʱǶ֣ʣ¼˱㽻ԸˡмǣɵʱһҪΪ̰ġ
ϸ͵
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˵֮ʱѾʩչƣԶ˵ĬϣѾ֮С
ѳɣζԶ˵սߡ
ڷúƺٴʩչΪƼӹ̣һԷҪӳƾ졣
ȻֻǶѪԣʵҪݳƣʵ̫ˡ
Ϊο׷Ϸ򲻷ţѵһҪնɱ𣿡
ŭ
ҵұ¹ȣھȻ̫ˡ
ӿЦ
׽Ԫ֮壬Ʒ˵ڵԪ֮ƳƷأ
ҲЦ˫ɱȻ
Ǻǣֻˣҿɲߣ
˱Ŀöд󾪡
ʱ΢ЦţȻŶˣһɫڷ趯Ȼ˿˵ļ
ƭˣ
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ӶҲǼʶ֮ˣܿ㷴ӦѪԪ֮塣
ǳأѵ
˵֮ȴǳˣЩеĺ
ҲҶ


952 
аȵһЦÿһ仰˴ͷƤĸо
ڵΪôܻᱻԪͬԪ𣿡
ʵ
ܵġɱͬԪ񶼷ǳѶȣôأһŻǡ
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ʱĵ٩ˣ仰öޱȾ֣ȻЩ᲻ս⡣
ȻĿɿڴԷ˵бۣȴЩˡ
һź󣬿־ŶеķŭȴǱ־ѹˡ
ڿ־״̬£սڣ
µ˭ΪҪұ¹Ϊ𣿡
ӹ򶨵ʵ
Ѿ˵ΪҪǵ鷳òƲҵĴɣ׷ɱңѵ𣿡
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Ӷ˲ߣ޿ֵģ׶Է׷ŹԼˣͨ־ǿеս⡣
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ಣ
ˡն콣ΪޣʱöŵЩ֪롣

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ʱûκαչԼƣѹȥȫγ˾ơ

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һԼʵ΢΢һЦеķɽȴѾѸٵնӡ
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һӱĺ÷Ҳܵͽĩա
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ҲҪֵãעĿ
޶꣬Ԫ֮嶼ϢԱʵ̫£Ҳ亱
ӵԪ֮Ҫȴ˻ɫأɫΪӶ
ǰҰɣԸˣ
ӰѾûѡأľֻʣԪԱһ·


953 
͵ŭһҪⲼµĽƣǣȴǲܰĵ飬ΪʹһɷѾͷģʽ
̽κ󣬸޷ݳ֮УԵɫǷϣӴѹ£ʧȥ˽ս
ಣ
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ʱһץסһԪ֮壬йӦŵԪ֮壬ܻ߻ħ
ĵĻᶼûУʹһֻɫŶˣȻ㽫˶˺С
ɢȥҲָԭеɺΪγԭ֮طȥ
˲Ϣ֮Ѿ֪ʫϢ
ಣ
ʫõɽ֮У̸ܵ˿ɢ
ʫһһԪ֮壬ȴ¶һ˿Ц
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һǵһǣ
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Ц
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ʫͷרעĿʼڵԪ֮壬һͻȻɽзߡ
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ʱ˽֮еĳЩȻʫɲŸտʼûãǣҲԭСʼȹԪ֮壬ɵԪ֮ںԪ֮У˳Щ߷ļ䡣
ڽţȴˣϢûסϢڶʱڱ㴫ȫǡ
ۡУһţʮŮӿ޵ġ
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һŬʫ˶ԵԪ֮ɣԪ֮ʫܹĸоΪ
ֻһʱ䣬ΪȴѾ˲٣һµЧҪǿϲ٣ʫܲ
ʫ΢Ц֮ʱҲЦڵġԶС
磬Чĺܿ죬ˣһڵԪ֮أѵѾˣ
ʫЦʵ
̰ãǸԪ֮ţȹٽɰɣڵһ̫Ԫ֮壬Ӱ쵽ԺΪԣܹ̰ģһ̰ˣòʧ
΢ЦȰһһ䶼ӡʫС
ʫидĵͷЦ磬ģǺǣڣо׼û
ʹشˣСҽ͵͵ˣ㻹ڹأ


954 
Ц˵
ߣҿʧ
ʫߵȴ˽ĻС
ڻ΢ңɲʥˣ±ʫ㴽
ʫ΢Ȼ㻺ݣƾϮ˫ı塣
ʫ
΢Ц˵ʫ泩
ôһأѵûĻ
ʫЦűԹ
Ǻǣʫʫ۾ͬǳһ䣬һһЦҳΪһֻܲ˻ķɶ꣬ΪգԸá
ٴϵ˵ʫܿУû뵽˵Ļôͬʫ˵ʫһĶ
˻Ľӵͬʱ΢ЦŶԷɫâɫâٴѸٵںһһΣ˵ΪӵĲ죬ȴϴЩͬ
ܹ´ʱΪƽʱӵĿ죬Ҳһ£˳УòŲķֿ塣
ʫУղŵĻлûȴָֿоڿ޵ʫԣȻԣû뵽˵С
һĺܺãҲΪҵԭһʵǿĵˣẦ𣿡
ʫıҧ촽ϸָĻţȫУһĨķϪˮһ㻺ӿ
ʫ˵ݼʱһˣʱҲЩˬ޷ʫһξݵ˻ʲôһˡ
ʫʫ˵ҪôǺǣ飬ôҿɲ£Ϊ㣬ԸΪսڣΪֵӵС
ֱʫᶨ˵ƺҪһ㡣
۾Ĵڣʫܵǻ۵Ŀ⣬ٴΪ֮һ
ӣָоʫЩ
ʫ֪Ǹһŵǧ֮ˣԸΪԼ¼ΪУƾȣʫ
ʫԼȶԷ곤ǧ꣬ʵǰͬһСŮһ㣬ȴʦѣǿ֮ˡ
ʫҧҧǿڵ磬ǧҪУ˵ĺ룬ڵΪǰֻȫĶ֡ԣҸ㣬һҪСģҪ֣ҲῴҵĹ㡣
ʫʫֹ𣿲жôǿ󣬶ֲҶ⣬Ϊ㣬һ
ӿһǿҵս⣬ȴǱʫĻ̼ġ
ʫͻȻЩ֣̿ΪǸ˾Ȼмƣִˡ
ǣǸ˺ܶǰѾʵھˣҲʱûгĶһ𣬿϶һݵ
磡ҲϣҶǸˣǾ֮ˣǱһˣĹ°ԣһѰ㣬ֲѣɱġҶ˵ľԲ黯ʵ̫ǿˣǿ޷󡣡
ʫԺлǸˣһţ֮;˲òӣԽԽö֮ʫҲ
çײ֮ˣᵥƾǻѪȥսǸǿУʱ˼ر֮ʱһԪڡ
ǿʫռвٵķԼᵽ
οǣԼȻǿеǰȰͷѾʫ˼֮ףһҪ
ͼʽİ飬УİӦһġ
磬ԲҲǹģвѵĿԡ
ʫǸ˵ͬһСŮ
û£֪Ǻѣ㽫Ǹ˵һ£ԽϸԽãҺи׼һˣҵܹ֤㲻ᱻߡ
Ȼ˵Ȼƽ
ʫʼǸˣΣϲãΪһʱһߴӰԺð˳
ôɰɣ
еӰʦӣΪʫپų
ʲôôɣ
ʫ
ֽʲôǽӣ
ʵ
ǣ
ʫҡͷ񶨵ֽ磬˵һԪ֮ˡ
һԪڣ磿
ЩԻˣһԪڵģǶԼӦûʲôвͻȻʦԼ˵Ļ
˵׷һŮӶ꣬ȴ޷ԣԵһ
Ѿоųɰ϶ǿбԼʦ
ʫʫͽ𣿡
ͻȻʵʫ΢΢һ㶣Ȼĵͷͽܣ˵һ츳羭ᵽȴ֡
û뵽ôɺϣҾʮа˾Żʦ


955 
ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ʫĿɿڴòŷӦԺͻȻֳһ֣֡
һʱ䣬ʫȻǸ˱ʦһȴʫЩ֪˵ʲôźá
ҲЩˣ֪ʫӿ׷ǸŮԼ;Բܺʫһ
ǣѾ췹·ֻܹȥ
ʫͻȻЩãĵʵ磬ʦ㲻Ҫһ𣿡
ᣡ
Ļشʫ͵һΪʦһǲΥʦġ
ʫʧ˵ʫʫİɣʦΪˣֻƵģǿԱ֤ġʦҶɽе㲻ζ컯ŪˣвʦҲŲأ
һ˵ʫŷˣЦЦ磬ˡû㣬ҲѡʦһΪ޷ıҵԡһҪﵽпܺһ𣬶޷츳ҲԹ˭Ҫ˵Ӧҡ
ɵѾͷʱԹ˭ˣʦ˵ҲԼˣҲˡǺǣģһᲹʦģҰһƯŮӲ
ܿ뿪ˣָ飬ԵֺҪʫԼȵãֻܹ˵ʦԵ޷ݡ
ʫЦ޳ܣȻ͵Ц˵ﻰ鷴˲١
˶ݳƺ󣬱㳯ŵǷȥ
ָ˱ĿǱ¹֮Ҳ޷϶ʱɱ˵֡
˽֮ǰſڵƽʱҪϣسǶӳʵҲѾﵽ˶ɽڵΪ
ɰǧ߾ڳ⣬ܶɫųţȴǲڡ
֮һݸʾ֮ǵʱճǳأκα¹֮˽룬Ҳκα¹֮˳ǣ⻹һ
˵̱һɧ߿Ǽǵնɱˡ
ңʧǳҲǧ˿Ƶϵ
һĿ˸˷ܵľâţȻسǵһŵӶһ
˵ϢسǵĵӴ󾪣ɻ˼ʫȷ˶˱ǳ֮ͨˡ
磬ҵĽʲôʱң
𵤳ڵ߼ʵ
㽫ָ֪ңһ㱨ȥȻٲĺô˵
ʱǰܣõ¹ȳŵͣѾ˸ܵ£ظҲòκ͡
ʱע⵽ͨ澹ȻԼ˵ͼͼ⵹֮ͨ˵ıʷڵϣǳһʦң
磬Ӳ𣿡
ʫʵ
ӦɣӲҲûʲôϵˣʱӦûʲô֣ǿΪԵص㣬Щջ񡣡
شȻ˳Ŵ
ʱΧ߷׷ԶˣֱӽټĿյøˡ
س֮̽Ϣϻ㱨سǶӳҵϢ͸˴ȴΪĶ֣ǽжôֲسǶӳ֪ġ
ߣܺ˼𣿡
Цһֵһ˿⽣ֱǸ֮ˡ
Ǹܵļһ׼ȴܳͣ뵽ͻȻ
ڵǲɱǾûˡ
˵建ºس˷׷״ʧɫϧְڣ˸Һ˻سС
ʫʫǽǣ˭˳۾ɱ˭ɱ찵ء
ˬʵЦ㹻ţŵЩɫ԰ףһȴ֪õǺá
˵ⷬΧ߾Բҿ߽ǳ֮ʱŷ׷׾Ī
¡롭
سǶӳͰ͵˵ϾְڣܹܲҡڵĽǣԼְܵĳͷȴҲǳء
ÿ
ƽ˵Ȼûͣ׳ſȥ
ǸسǶӳԥһ˲䣬ǲӶ㿪ˣ׼ܳͷԸԴʱ˼سǶӳ㿪Ҳһԣû˻ԼЦ
ǣʫ˼ǳֱ룬źЩɫ԰׵ע˵ıӰ
ǵǳ޴ߵʵβ룬ȴеΪϵģΪﵽڱǳڵһ֣λͬСɡ
ڽϲߣߵ߱ŷӣ˭Ҳնɱ죬ţħļһһǽζʮΣա
ǰʫܵ͵ڱ͵͵ĶΪ
ɢһ˿޵ƣ߳ĲᶨһһγɵƻȻɣʫҲа
ⲻΪǿԵʣǸȵ֣ԼûиоԼɢơ


956 
һǺѾ쵽ƵģʫʱΪȴܵʮԣɢӰ쵽ֵͬġ
ǻ۵˫ۻΧĽеǺһ˿Ц⡣
磬Ҫȥɱۡ𣿡
ʫЩһѧ֮ͬһ㣬Ԫ֮Ϊ
Ǵ¹ȵ˻Զġ
ЦʶѾʼΧ̽ȥ˲̽ȫǡ
ȴЩʧ಻ʮ˵ĵߣоŴС
˿ܲǱ¹ȵģ򲻿ڴʱ˳ǡ
Ѹٵڵۼñһ
·һ¥˵ţ˴ΣɳǾ¥ȥ˸ոս󣬾¥֮еһĬĬ˳ȥټľ¥ֻʣ¾¥ϰ壬ƣŮ
һľĿλһӣƹģ̳þƣʮţ⣬һ
ʫһģ͵Цڵ񳬼֣һʿ
¥Ҫһص껹ʱĸоʱţһڽҲûٻָоʵܲ
¥ƹЦЦ¥ʯԷȴҪЩͨ˳Եʳ⵹ЩѰ졣
¥ƹɲ˿飬Ϊ˵ĻѾȫǽ֪˱ΪΣյĳ֡
λǰԺϾ͵
ƹЦȻ˵ٶȥŪһͷţţôܹأ
໹Ǻܺҵģƹð˽׽ţҵһߣǵùļһϡͿı˹еʳ
ȵţʱѾʫƶڳһţζȻޱȣ⵹ʳ󿪡
ʫѾкܶûùͨʳˣٴνʳֻ־Υĸо㱳ԵĲʳһ廳
տľ¥Уֻж˶ƣȴʧȥ˽¥ζ
ʱ׷£идʫ˼ͬص˺ңԶĳЩ¡
˽ڽЩ˽ģֻǽȣ˷ǣıǲԺɣľ޴ı䡣
ƣһһ룬һ̳ƺܿｻмˣûʹɢ⣬ȴҲƵľƺɢ⡣
֪ţ˿ɺãԸ뿪֮ǶܹԼǿ֮·
а룬ԼҲǺúôԼչһʱϾտһһδ·ȻǵС
ʫֻ˰̳߷⣬˫糺죬֮侹ȻԵЩ룬ǵЦȴǶ˼֡
ƣ޵֮Ǹöп޵߾ƺʱľЩҲƺһɨա
ڤڤ֮Уƺʲôȴָо޷׽ԳһЦϲԴѾҾȻŶ򣬿ǣ˼򵥣һֻܹ˳Ȼ
ʫȻŴͣƹݵĿģԭΪȴգȴΪ׷
ʫԣʵ̫ңԶˣ궼ûйһζΪ츳żĹϵ
츳ʫŶֻܹƾ豾ڷȥΪ
ʫȣЦȡİ̳ƣ͵־پ̳Ȼֱ̳࣬һ˹УЩƱ㵽ĸС
޵ߣǲʹ⣬ȴҲܹ˺ŵƣľҲʫѡ
ֹ¥ƹ񣬻Ҳˡ
ƿǧܹͨһѾǾõˣȴһ̳ǰһ̳֮Ŀࡣ
ȴ֮ʵǿҲ޷⣬ԣ¥ƹŻ˳Ծ
磬ˣƵľܴ󣬶޷⡣
ʫеѵ
ʱΪȻҲܵ׸ȴһļʷƷ衣
ˣֻǾԻᱻһ֮ȫһƬ档
飡
һϣ͵˳ֽ̳ˤڵϣдþƣ
ʫ˫ۺЦ֪û˵ѡ
⴦¥ģʵȴˣǾ̽ѡ
ݹǣ۾㣬ΨãǾζͱᵽˣԲֱҡ
ƣʹַΪҪƣҪ߱߱һΪԣʵԽǿľƱԽΪ㴼ҾƹݵƣѾ˵ϵЩ԰׾̫ࡣ
ƹģʴ˾ƺ
Цʵ
ǰ˾Ϊơ
ƹСĻش˵ȻһϸĽ͡
Ʋ֪ﻹж٣ȫҪˡ


957 
һﾪˣƹĿɿڴЩ֪룬еûָḶˡ
ƲΪƹĻǺǵģ»شǰƲ࣬ټĵǣֻһʮ̳ǰҪһϤϡ
أ㰴ʯ㣬һḶ㣡
Ц
ƹʯȴһʮ̳ƺռ۸ʯϡ
ƹĴĿУѾЭͬʫƮȻ˾¥Ĵš
ǿʳҲⷬ飬ʫԽЩ޷׽ˣоаȴСһ㵹塣
ںһ̳ƣ򣬵Ǿвٲ࣬㽫Ǵȫ£гһԽƶõĺôɱЩʯļֵ߶ˡ
ʯѾֶʲôȤΪһǿԪ֮ʯĹЧҪǿ̫ˡ
ڶ˳֮󣬳еЩϵĸ١
һˣǻĳۣмһòΪţһˣȭӭλǣϷ˵Ǵ塣
ھһ󣬱¹Ⱦô³ǵǼֲУǾûҪԵ޹ʵΪĸˡ
弸ӲͷƤǰģΪְڣǲ̽صˣԼһܵ¹ȵĴ֮λֻҲΪӰ
ͷݣ
ȭ˵ʫͬȭͷʾ⣬ǶǼ˵ĻӦ
ı˵ΪԼ¹ȼ˵ģȴ̽˵ΪΪ̽ΪǼòģһСģҲɱ֮
ȻȴҪ˼ʲô±̽˵ΪԭֻжΪ˽ǵΪ
λҵѾ¾磬Ϊλӷϴ֪λǷͼֱ档
΢Ц˵˲׶֮ˣб˼ְա
޵ߣνĽӷϴֻʽ˵һ⣬ʵֻǷ̸ѡ
ʫ˵ֻһۣƺһ
ʫͷȻǻ壬ȭЦ޹»ˣҶڵҲ뿪ˣ㾫ȥɣ
˷׷ױɫû뵽Է˲ӣȻһڻؾ
Щɻ˵ΪôҲڵߣ᲻鱨ˡ
ȻλԸ⣬ҵҲǿЩ¹ر¹ȵţм̸¡
ȻΣԳơϷϰ˵ģʱҲòǰԳơҡ
ʫ¥Ⱦƣ֮˱ˣֻһɱ˵Ľڡ
ҷīʲôֱ˵Ĩǵģ˷ҵʱ䡣
Щˣȴ
λţħǷλɱ
æʵ
ǣ
̵˵кЦ⡣
죬λǣǷһεĵ̯ͣ
ʵ
ͷǻʵʣʱ̯ǸǲѪѪǲǽǶ˽֮У
ʫʫߣ
ɫ䣬ش⣬ǶʫЦ
˵Žֵǰȥû˺û뵽ʶ⣬Է㲻ͷˡ
ҵ⣬ѵѪһģ˵ΪӦò̫ǿ󣬱ϾţħҲոմﵽڶѡ
˼ţѾԹԵˣеЩŭ
¹Ϊ󳬼֮һȻҲѰеİ
ϵΪԶѾǿˣԣ˼ֱˣȻǳˬ
ǰ˵ɱ˱¹ȵĶ֣ԲŲΣڽӴ˺ȴӦòö˵ĳ嶯
ֻǲһɱ˵ɣ⼸˶ԼЩɵģɵܿɢʱ˵ĩա
ˣȥǣ
һʵ
һ˱ǳֻ֣»ɱ֮һȰ
һۣȴ޳ֱӶ˶֣Ϊɱ˵һˣҲѪ
Ƕ˱ɱұ¹ȳ֮ˣԵμǱ㼱뿪ЩΣ˵ǶΪӦԶǲŶԣôܻѰ·أ
һ˵⼸˷׷׸͵ĵͷ
߳ǧɲָ˹⵹ȫ֮С
վס
һȡ
ʫⲻǰߣȻĻŭ
ಣ
ͬʱǰУԼٶȽء
嵨һ׳̽ΪʱŻȻ


958 
ڻİ̽£˱ΪڣʵΪȴѾ̽һڣһΪ
ֱƭķŭУû뵽˾һΪղžȻŵԼˣԼڵΪҪԷڵ߸Ͳʲô¡
⼸Ҳ̽˵Ϊһ¶Ц⡣
ȻûشϷ뿪ǲǸûұ¹ȷ
Цʵ
֮λ޴ǣ
Ƶ˵еɱȴǿʼѸٵǶԷǱѰ·
װһŵ飬ñ¹˸޿֣Ϊηˡ
һɨղŵǷϣѪǲһģ˭ɱұ¹֮ˣ
˵򣬵˱¹ȣǶ˱ֻ·һ
һڵ߶ݺݵĲ
ʫаЦû뵽һоȻͬϣЩ¹֮˸ὲʲôΪΪռʵϵľơ
λ£Ҷ˲֪顣죬߽Ҷ˶ƺΪҶ˲Ǳ¹ȵģ̾ͷҶˡڸ˵ı¹ʲô䣬Ҷ֪أ
Ц˵
аϲôˣҲһΪ˲ɱ¹ȳ֮ˣ˲㹻¶ˡ
ߣҽƱ磡һǰѪ㵱ұ¹ȵɵӲɣǼȻѡұ¹ΪУǾҪеϷڸһᣬϿ־ܰɣ򣬸ɱۣ
һҧ˱ѪͬѾɢŨŨɱ⡣
ʫʫӣ
˵Ȼǣʫֳǰȥ
ӣ
ЦʩչֹС
ʱ֮˽ԿռϷ磬ʹýƽԷ׷׵Ƕ˵³
ȵˣ˶һЦ鵹ǺܲΪϹˡ
ܰϷҪδӣ
ɪЦ˼ʲôȥץס˵Ԫ֮塣
ΪҪӣ
ٺЦеĿñ¹˷׷һ
磬¹ȵ˻ǵΪɱҲûʲôϵˡ
ʫ仰ñ¹˴󾪣׶ԷղŻԵͻȻ
Ҫ񣬲ǵΪѣϷһֱֻˣ
Ѿʼǣڵ߼Ҳһȴ
ȴȻƽվڻǰƾڵƣȻԶûκӰ졣
ѵǶʹʲôַ޾ҵƣ
аʵʱûʶΣڡ
ŶҸղźǸˣѪѾˡ
ˣͬʱһ
ѪˣԵλǱɱǱ¹ȸںУ
ͻȻ龹Ȼ˷ˣʵɱ
ң
ЦϷʵŻ塣
д󾪣֪ҲڵΪǱԷɱҪζŶԷҲﵽڵΪ
Լղ̽Ϊôǵأ
ǣٴ̽˵Ϊε̽ȴû屻ŵò̱ڵأȻȫ޷̽˵Ϊ
Ƕ˰Իɴ´ˡ
򶨣ȴҲβеľ֣ˣʱҲ֪ǰԻ
һƺԵЩ̫ˣͬˮһ㣬¹˴ھ֮С
΢΢̣һЦ⣬ȻֵλԭǱ¹ȵĶˣʧǰжλԭ£Ѫ˲ɱ֮ˣһֱұ¹ΪУλɱˣǿϲɺ֮¡
ˣʵڲҵһǸˡ¹ȵĳڵļһҲǱɱģ
ȻЦ˵

ͬʱͬһ
һʯǧˣ˵ղ˵ɱѪϢֻñ¹˾ôڵϢֱĿ࣬ȫ˵
룬ſЦλЦˣұ¹ԩ޳ôɱұ¹֮أ
ңԵβɱҲˣ˵Ҹأ
ɢɱ⡣
ӣ
ܵԷɱ󣬵ȥƣٶ˵ء
ӣܰϷҪδӣ
ѧŻղŵ˵ɺڽѾ˲ˡ
Ѿ֪õˣȻ޷ܣǾֻʣ¶·һԷԡѪһսȴǺʤʣڶͶȴҲûκΰգΪ˭֪Է᲻أ
ڻãȻ֪УɷͻȻݳɷ뱾ΪһҲֻ˲֮¡
˷׷ױ仯壬׼ⳡʵսȴһҲûеġ


959 
ಣ
Ҫ˲ƣǳ˷ɹȥٶ̫죬ͬ˲ơ
ھʵʱֻһӰһΣ㴫һʹ
ʫûж֣Ϊ֮ںϵʵ㹻Ըˡ
ֻǣʫû뵽һƯȺɱ
һɱˣʫҲֻҪͬʱ˵Ԫ֮壬ȴЩΪѡ
˲Ϣ֮ѾԭأеķɽŽɫĹâ
˱˲նɱԪ֮ûܹӳģЩԪ֮Ѿ˻ɫİΧУ޷޷ԪԱ
ղѣϷҪԪԱƴˡ
޲Ϊһ˲㱻Էɱˣĵ鶼ûС
ֻ΢΢һЦãĿ־Ŵô޷ԪԱô¡
ڼ˾֮ʱٴμ޷Уȵͣʱ˵Ԫ֮Ѿ˺֮С
ʫʫջȴҲСȹЩ죬һԪɣڱȱǵԪ֮塣
Ц˵һջϵԪ֮塣
ʫͷоԼǴ۽ˣʰԪ֮壬ܹһֱɣٶɻʮϡ
ȵٴγڽֵʱΧжԶӶԶΪѾµһЩ飬¹ȸղλ鷳ȴһҲûле⣬ֻҪɵӶܹ³
ǵĵϵĸѾڣԣǳѾʧȥȤ
磬¹Զֹһǳأȥһǣ
ʫ
ֱɱ¹ȣиջ񡣡
ٺЦʫΪЦŵͷ
գű¹֮ɽŷȥ
ʱѾӽ˱¹ȵɽڣ˵¹һɽ£вǿ󷨽ƣǱ¹ȵ֮
һɽ£ŨŨһֱ쵽ɽ
ɰԼȻҲֻܹǧڵ壬ǳǧɱЩģ
磬ӦñǱ¹ȵɽڣȴΪ󷨵Ĺϵǲö롣
ʫЦ⴦طҲжţ˵Ϲ˲µĴޱȣôֻ·һ
Դ˵İͷ˵ǿ󣬾ǵΪӲҲֻоһļʡ
ǿô죡ѵҪ𣿡
ʫʵ
Ȼᣬҵа취Խ롣
ŵ˵
ηͽȻô¹ȣȿ֪к
һд
Ϣʮ¹ȵѲεӽܱߣЩߵĲԪӤΪ͵ĲΪ
¹ȣһΪ֮أ˸Ҵ룬ȴż֮ˡ
ҵǰ¹Ҫ£֪ɷҶ˽룿
Ц˵
ߣ¿ȥǻҳαֱұ¹ȡ쳷ȥɣɱۡ
ͷı¹ȵ˵
Цҡҡͷȴûȥʫܵ˼Ŀ⡣
ۣС治ϸƤģҪܹ֮öã
Ǹͷı¹ȵǰһ̱ʫò
ʦ֣ﺱߴ룬ˣ֪
һ˺ٺЦһҲܻ䣬Ȼ˵˵
˴ǰ¹ֻɳͼڴѲΣɱɵҲ޶ϵ
ʮ֮еһŮӣЩŮӼ֮Ѿ뷨
ô¹ȣ֪
ǸԪӤڵı¹ȵʵöˣʫռΪС
ʫһһЦ˵
ϣˡ
Ϊֻڵߣ
ʫʫ֪ô¹ˣ߰ɣ
Ц
·Ҹһȥ
ʫ˵
¹ʮ˴ŭΪ˸Լ˵Ļ
һڵ߾Ȼ˲ˣȴɾ̫ˡ
ڵҲǰ˲ƣĿɱһĿҲ̫˾̫˼ˡ
ȻȻǽߵ˲ƶ
ಣ
˳ʱѾǰ֮ڣһһɽȻնؿڡ
ߣȥɣ
һЦȴһ˵ЦȻֹ
ɽڴ󣬾Ȼ۶ˣȴʵ̫ˡ
ڷɽͻȻ۶Ϻ󣬵ͷܵɽ۶ϵķɣ̲סһѪ
ô
˵ƾԼڵΪȻ޷ɱ
ߣѰ·
ߵͻȻһεĽ

ڵߵһҽУҲ޷ѾĽΪƬ


960 
ʣµʮ˿ĿɿڴȴŹЩļһ֮˱˲ɱ
һ˲书Щһûܹˣǰܵǿ֮
ಣ
η˱¹Ͽգʫ̸ϡ
ʫʫߣвߴһߣҰˣ壬ǰ
˱¹ȳԪ֮壬Ա¹ȵɽѾİ֪ν롣
ֻƬʱ䣬ͨ󷨣һǰľͻȻ仯ˡ
һɽȳǰɽȴƽԭشд̵ĲԭҲ峺ĺԳһ׵δ֪硣
˳һ߽䣬ʱѾһǳʵ
峺ĺУжˮа˫ޣϽɢһ͸ĹΣȴһƲţΧвˮϷ
ֹˮУڲԭϣٵԸԵзʽ󲿷һһŮʵʩ˫޵ֶΡ
ʫĳֲû˵̫ע⣬Ϊһģǡһԣñ¹ЩΪֻǸռˡ
¹дţû˿Դ룬ԣ¹ȵɽǰȫ
ʫֻƳһ۱Ѿ۾ɫΣԵѣеЩô˲֪ܣȻڹ£
ȴҲ֪¹Ȼ⾰֪Ǿ;Բʫ롣
ʫʫ̫⣬ֲҵȲ֪ܣǶѣ
ЦŰο
ۣһŮҪˣ
һߴǺˮһԾ𣬾ֱʫĺ£߷׷ƶ
۾һԸ
û뵽¹ȾȻԪ䣬ôһ¡
ԭһطΪ¹ȵͼ˫Ů൱ֻҪŮ˫Ը⣬˫ޣʵﵽһʱԽһ
Ƿַӵʱ䣬˱㱻һȺһƵ߰ΧлвŮߡ
ģŮȽһ£һº֤һ㽫ѱġ
Ǹȳſˮ˵
һ֪¹˫ڴ£ʹ˫֮һҵٶȣǿ˫طʵĸ졣
ûд𻰣ߵǣһĲŮӣЦֵܣҵİ£㽻컻ҲûҲûһŮˡ
ŮӼòȻһЦ۲ת۲ϡ
֪Ҷʲô𣿡
ͻȻʵ˷׷ҡͷ
Ȼ֪͹Զһ㣬Ҫˣء
ʫԼУϾΧĳ̫аˡ
˵һȺȫЦΪȴ֪Ȼ˵ֻ
ɽ֮еߣŮ֪صģʵǿ֮ǰǿ⽻ģֻдﵽһΪˣŻ̶˫ް¡
˿ʼԲѷˣǿɱ⣬ǰ˵Ŀֻڵڵĸ֣¹Ÿı⡣

ʫηգɽһһɱΧʮϵߡ
Щ¹ȵ̴Һ״̬Уû뵽Ϊôǿٱ¹ȵӷ׷ѡ˾ܵܡ
һŭ֮£նɱԼĪϰٵı¹ȵӣЩҲԶԶġ
ǿƹ£¹ȵֵǷ׷׷Ϣ
ʫʫֻǱ¹ȵĵͼӣ¹ɽŻǰ棬ֱǰɣ
˵ʫһ
ಣ
˳ǰȥ¹ʣµֵӰҶԷûиϾɱ
ֻǿЩȺ˫ޣΪʫڴˣԲһŭնɱ˰¹ȵĵӣɱʵͼı¹ȵӡ
¹󣬵طȴ޵ģΪƬ̱㴩Խ˱¹
նɱ¹ֵӺ󣬱¹Ѿټ¹ȸӦ֮ߡ
һ·Уڴﵽ˱¹ȵĺͬһԭֻΪ㣬ȷʵǸ֮
һĹ֮ǰѾۼ¹ȵĵӣЩԴڹڴ
ʫڱ¹֮ǰ˽̱¹ȵͨ
Ǵ˳ҵΪΧҲвͬߣʵҲڷΪ
¹ȵڣҡ
ЦһɱȻ
ߣݺεܹüġȻҴұ¹ȣǾͿԱΪƣƱ¹ߣɱۣ
Ц߳һ߳һŮߣĹϵܣӦ˫ް¡
ҲҶ֣ʵǿ
Цһ仰Ƕ˴ŭ⹬ΧۼĻǱ¹֮Ӣߣôܻһ仰š


961 
οЩ˸֪ʵʵǶ߷ŭı仯塣
ɽȳڲ˽ƣԣ˷ӳȫҲٻ췣
ÿСӣôû˸Ҵұ¹ɽţϷúýѵˡ
ڱ¹ȵӵУѾﵽ壬ͬʱվһʵɱӣ֪һĬ
磬ɣ
ʫЦ˵
ɱһñ¹ȵ֪ʲôߵغ񡣡
Ȼ˵ʶѾԽ¹̽˸飬ֻһڵߣˣֻжڣһڵġ
¹ȶ˵ʫչȴʫܣɫĽˡ
ʫΪȫγ˾ʵ
ҽУѾͬʱɱԪ֮Ҳʫá
ʫǿĻ漼ܣȴ˵Ԫ֣֮Դֹ˵ԪԱ
ʫصʱЦŽӹԪ֮壬Ȼ֮˺С
¹ȵмӣͻȻһ⣬ʫڵʵıЩʵ̫ǿԪ֮塣
ʫʫȥռһԪ֮壡
˵αѾ˲ˡ
ס֣
һŭԹǱ¹ĸּɱ¹ȵľӢӣλס㻢һ
ʫ˷ɽ䱸еս⽥ı
ܱ¹ȵ˵ס־ס֣̫ûˡ
ʱʩչɺڵΪɫ뼫ƷɽҪɱԼµߣֱ練֮¡
⼸УȺɱЧ
ಣ
֮һҪֹո¹ȾӢӵ
ʫһеķɽȻնˣڿγЧ
εɱǳˣϾҪͬʱɱˣҪȡǵԪ֮壬һ˵Ҳ
츳һչֳ˹Ŀ࿴Ŀɿڴ
ʫһ£ǵӰ˻أҲʱ䣬ѾһȺɱջٸԪ֮壬ķ˲ٻɫ潫ȫں֮С
һʱ䣬ٵʬ棬Щ¹ȵľӢѾڣԪ֮嶼Ѿʧñ¹֮ıȥ
ɶ񣬶ɱұ¹˶ӣҪ
ͬƽһף¹ŭŭõ涼֮
¹ŭˣɢűϢҲ׷ɢ˵ơ
ĿɵľӢӱ˲ȺɱǱ¹ᱩŭǰ׵ˡ
¹ȹ֮ǰӢӵʬ壬ʫڰš
Ҷһ˫Ⱥ۾޲ϵ졣
һվʮˣڵߣǵߡ
Ҷµŭ𣬱¹еŷ˴ЩֵҲӽ˹Χ
ɫƽղһɱ˵ΪʫЩµԪ֮壬Լ̫ôǶʫôȴܴΪɼܻɵΪϵߡ
ҶĻΧı¹ȵӣЩȫۼڹ࣬Щӵʵβ룬Ըڵȴ𲻵ʲôá
Ҷ֪һսҪԼ˰ˣЩҲѣǵԼС
Ƭ֮󣬱¹ѾۼǧߣЩӶ˶ԣвԡ
Ǹһ֮ɶԿʮħߣڵʵԲڵǸˣԾϱ¹еĵӣҲ˿֮ġ
Ҷº֪ܿ˱ɱ¹ȳֵĶˣЩ벻ףڵôܻڶԷ
ʵǵΪΪҪɱұ¹ȵӣΪʲô
Ҷķŭǿסеĳ嶯ΪǸɱˣ˵ԷʵǿԾԲܹСӡ
ûΪʲôΪˣұɱ֮
΢Ц˵ȴС¹Ϊݽ֮һʵ̫
ȱն֮
Ҷߵеɱӡ
ǺǣϼΪʲôҪ֣
ЦͲΪ
ڵΪ͸ұ¹Ұ𣿶
ҶЦı仯˱ӴͬСɽһڿС
ǣ
аû뵽ҲܹﵽΪƾȻ־֮С
Ҷı仯Ҳͬʱ仯壬ΪڵߣƻǺǿģǼͬʱչֱ壬ӿֱʫ
¹ӷ׷׺ˣΪּսЩڳ·һ
Ϣ¹ȵӽ봫󣬽ұ¹ȵתƣ۱ʤΣһҪ¹ȵѪмǣмǣ


962 
ҶĴʱҲܵ˵ǿΪԼһɢĿ£Ȼȵԭء
ʦɷ˴¹ȵӳ룬Ϣʦսһɱұ¹֮ˡ
ǸϢһڵߣʱƿ˵
Ҳʦȥ󣡡
Ҷ˵
ϢʱεĳսӪ仯֮壬ʦһʹ¹ȵѪ
ǣң֮һս
ҶĿЦǵ⡣
ǣңҿǣҺܶأ
ЦԱ¹ȵĵͼӲȤһڵ߾뿪һɵԪ֮塣
ʲô˼Ҷаȴʲô
ʫһۣʱʫͻȻڿ˲Ʋ
Сģ
Ҷĺ̼С˲ơ
ಣ
ҶĵͻȻСɽһСΪͨǴСð۵âСﵽǿ
Ǳɣ
ҶĴŭĺ㳯ķһɫâ
֮ⲻھƣղ˲֮ȴϮҶĵĵӣǸڵĵӡ
ɺڵΪҪɱڵߣһѶȵģͻȻϮ£Էֻչֳ֮壬ȴǲ޶ٷ
֮£ķɽȻֱɱڵߣԻɫ渲Ԫ֮塣
ҶķĹʱʫѾնһסҶĵĹ
׳н¹Ϊĵɱ˱¹ĵӣñ¹ıףȴֱʫĽסˡ
ǿĽȻڱ״̬µĹѵԷޣ
Ҷд󾪣ʫһУб֪˶Էʵ
ߣ
ҶĲ²еһ㣬޿ǸѶԸ
ڲŷ֣ǲԵЩأñ¹ȵĵˣٲԱ¹ȵͼӶ֣ڣڵߣһ˭ߣɱۣ
˵ɱ֮⡣
ϷĵӣбϷһһս
Ҷҧ˵
ֵѼӣһ𣿡
ץڵԪ֮壬Ȼ֮˺С
ҶĿϢԪ֮δ֪Ŀռ䣬иŭȴҲЩɵʵ
ʱеĿȷǾǱ¹ȵڣڵԪ֮塣
ǽЩԪ֮ȫץڶɷ˶ɷô˰˳ϵʤ㡣
Ҷ֪ǿУڵĵȫˣǵڵļȫ
˱¹ȵĻѪҶбǣңЩڵҲ޷ˣǾΪ¹
˭һս
Ҷŵŭȵ˿Уʫȴ̿ڵ磬һսɣ
ͷԼһѹʫӦòκΣա
ǣʫգѩ׵սףɢʥϢеķɽǹʥϢΪŨ
ҶΪ¹ȻʵĹ֮ʱСΪǴСϾȻֳɫսס
ʹսף⵹ǺټģҶĵڿצɢɫĹâͬǷľ޴ƾȻǿޱȡ
ĬĬ˺ɣһһĻᣬǱ¹ȵĵӼҲ׷׺ˡ
һ֣޵У
ʫӶԷΪԼΪޣǶԷȴӵбƣԣɺڵΪ£ԼҲҪ߾ȫһսпռơ
ɺڶڣһսǱȽϹƽսʫΪĪĺô
зԼʹɺڵʵҪԸڵı¹ǾһҲѡ
ڿвû̿ʼսǸɢϢɿֲϢڿнţ˶ѹƶԷſսǰռЩơ
ɺڵĽޣȻ⽫ʱƽһսһսʤ㣡
ҶĻ˵һҲСʫ
ڵıǱ壬ƾˣҲѵһս㽫Ϊҽµꡣ
ʫԵ˵
ԷֳʤԼĪ˭Ҳ޷ռϵѹơ
սǶ£ҪֳʤÿսԣѾؿʼһпս
Ҷ죬Ѫڣɫצɢɫâ
ʫϵսҲ⣬еķɽһһģɢʥϢ
ɱ
Ҷչ˫צͬʱʫջ裬ǿĽ㳯ʫķӿȥ


963 
ĺã
ʫţȵնһǺˣԷɽĽȶԷ˫צĽٶȸ졣
䣡
˸նսڿбײһһ̩ɽȻ޴ĺ¡
һ֮£ʤδֳ˵΢΢һ£ȻԭأһоȻǰ֮ơ
Ҳһ
ʫһХ͵ʮɣ˫ս͵ٴηһС
ն
һΣʫȫΪҶĵҲһ˻˫צͬʱʩչȻӭʫĽ
¡
һоȫʩչһеǿ˲٣γɵñ¹Ǽ˷׷զ಻ѡ
ں¡У˸⵹һѵõɺϣ۾ʵ˵ʵ˽ӽ
ˣЦԭ¹Ҳˣ̫߿ˡ
ҶֻһЦΪ֪ԷԼģȻ¹ȴ̲סˣ༥
ʲôʸ˵ʵҲɺڶѣбһս𣿡
ڵƢĽ
ҪڵĲಢ߱ԿߣһбƵģԣ¹ȵԾԾԣսɺߡ
ʦ֣һ֮
Ǹڵ߿˵ƺѾǰѾɱһڵˡ
ǵʵ̫ûȤս
ʱʹüû⼸ˣõʱԪԱ޷Ƶ
¹˴ŭǼڵҲЩ޷ţʱ޲Ҳһս
Ҷĵȵݵó嶯սʤ֣ᣡ
ʦ֣ҳսɣ֪ҵıʵǿ󣬾ɺڵĽޣҲ
ڵĵӿ
ҶƢʦܣжʵԼһսҲ΢·硣
ʱʫĹҶĵ˼ȫսʫս
˵ʵ£һȻᴦƣǣҶֻһ仰ʦһҪСӭսǧ򲻿У
˵仰Ҷļעʫսʹ˾У±â˲˲١
ʫţٴȻǿĹԣ˵սԽնһ˭עܿܵܡ
аϲõʦֵ׿Ϻɫ
һս𣿡
ӵЦû̫ںΪ
ʦСģ
ҶΪעУϱʫնһһûشȴҶŭѡ
ƣ
Ҷŭʫ˽֮УʩչԽƣһ˾ͬʧһ㡣
ʫİΣӵɷʫܸܰǱ¹ȵ¹ҲʵҲһʫĶ֡
˵ˣһս
Цȴǰϲʱ򣬱¹ȵȻʹƣѵΪʫ۸ɡ
ʱ䣬ҪûЩ˵Ԫ֮壬ֹԪ֮Աܹؼ
С󣬰ȡЦ¹ȡ
ΪˣɿЦΧҲһͬЦ
ѾϹЦȻǼѰǱپͳȫǡ
˻֮αʧڿУñ¹һ󾪡
Ѿ仯ɱ壬ģ̽鵽˲ƹ켣׼ع
οǴڲ˶ĹУĿʮȷȽߡ
Сģ
ȵ빥ȴ˵ԼһˣɲԷȴɱԼͬš
ٶȺ֮죬ҲӵԥУѾɱ˱¹ȶڵĵӡ
бҵһս
ŭ͵ĳ
ٶȴҲڵӿ˺õģٴ˲ƣȴǲϵո¹ȵڵӵ
һˣʱ·µţǿ˲£׷ױɱ
ʱɺڵΪɱڵߣѶʵ̫СǸһҪȴǺЧ
ģ̫ˡƣ
ŭʩչƣеΪˡ
аЦ˶ԷĽ֮УоҺǲеˣȻҪڽԼɺڵߡ
ʱ¹ǼڵӵԪ֮Ѿղؽ˺С
һڵŮһۣȻŭɶ
ŶһڵŮۣԼ׳Ԫ֮ɣ
ٺЦȻЦǸ˵Σճ̶ȴ߼ġ
ƲѣԼӵԷһսΪǾһȴ


964 
ʦ֣ң
ڵŮ֪ʵжô£ȵ
һʱһʱŻһ֮ŮߣѾղŵȺɱֶסˡ
˲ʱŮ߸޷̽鵽˲ƹ켣ڴʱ֪֮

ͻȻſ˵ɭ׵ݸһֺȻΣոУڵŮдϲԥĳӵһͷ­ȥ
Ŷ˵ⷬݣаЦԭڵŮΪĶᰲȫǵԼƶʱһĲȫ
ӵıǿڳһλڣһټ˫ͷѪ
仯ΪӵʵֱڣԱ츳ͨɺڵ߲С
ɲͨߣ츳Ҫǿ̫࣬ǶԷı壬Ȼ˫ͷѪⱾһ֣Ѿ֪˶Էˡ
˵ԷߣɺڵΪ÷һֽŲܹɱ֣Ȼߣ󲿷޻ϵԶԷıɫ³ڻϵߡ
ߣ̹ͶϷԸһĻᡣ
ı˫ͷͬʱ߸ߵİɢаâ
˫ͷѪȻһɺ߼ҲѡȴΪ˫ͷѪĹַʮǿǻϵͬ޵֮ء
ߣ㾹Ȼ࣡
Цʱȫڷ״̬ƾǶ˫۵Լ
ɣ
ڱ¹ȸְпǰ壬ʵĳЩ֮ϣƾıֲĻ档
ۡ
еһͷ­һѪɫâǲ
ʱѾϣѪɫâϽ޼ڱϻɫ棬ȴǲһȼ
ζޱȵĻ棬⵽ǰ̸
ھݣΪ츳ԵɺϣҲƵʦˣȻ棬ܵ鶼ûУ΢ЦƾԷĻ塣
ô󵨵Ŀͽ
ȵһ˿յЦ⣬ΪԶԸǰߣȻܣһ֪Լ֮ˡ
ӱĴСһŻ㹻ȫ֡
ƾ潫Լ֣ɱصЦ⡣
ƿŻ棬ľ쵽˻״̬ȻڶԷͣƺʲô浲סˣ޷ͻƶԷķ
ͷ˫ͷߣһ㱾Ҳ̫С˰ɣ
Цŷ̵
Ӵŭ˸˵ԼĻСԷǵһˡ
ݵòϷղֻ̽㣬Ļûɢ
ȵȻڿţ޴ͷ­ֱʸ߿ա
Ѫɫ裡
ŭһͷ­͵ȷŵĻǿĻ棬ûǿ٣ǸȴǶʮֹ
һѪɫ߽һ壬ƺ޾㣬ĳӿȥ
ҪľЧЩȻǿһˣԼҲںЩӶԼĻ
ɰٴ˴
ĻҲһڣɫÿµĻӣǺɰٴġݡ
ģʽעѰ˲һʱ˼ɢĻ档

΢˼׼ʾˣֵĽһ˲Ѫɫ棬ȴʼڵļ
ӵбҪװˣǷǳ򵥵ģģɵ浽ԷΪ档
һջ棬һ߿ʼڣܼ򵥵ַȴΪ档
ԭҲϷĻ棬ƾһʵϷԡ
ӿпЦȴǼʩչһͷ­Ļȷǿֹ
㲡Ҫ
ҲɵϣԲŻƴΪԷϾɺڵߣԼռʱһԷ
ʩչϽɫ֮ԿһݣŭһһʹȫѪɫ棬һΣױˡ
һƬѪɫУⷢ־ļУʵȴаˬΪѪɫȻǿȴռƣԼȫˣĻɫȴŲٺô
ӵлɫʱ㹻ˣڵҲԽԽǿһʱҲѾԶˣǿԴٳɻɫһΣôʵʹҲǿ
һȫѪɫ󣬵ɴ˫۵Žջ١
ǣ˷һ⣬Ѫɫ澹Ȼ𽥵ʧ
ô£
д󾪣ǰľŪĿɿڴ
Ҳôû뵽Ҳջ棬Ϊֹڣ


965 
ӴжͻȻ˲;аԾϲһַˣԺٶȱࡣ
ðŨŨϽɫ棬ԼٶΧѪɫ棬ҲͲʮϢʱ䣬Ѫɫ澡ա
ҲжϽɫ棬аû뵽ԷԼ޻Եġ
޻ԣҲЩ֣Ϊƿصģ״̬Ѷ
㾹ȻһҲûˣ
ʵ
ƾЩСĻ棬ô˺˱٣㻹иĻ𣿡
ٺЦͬ˰Ŀӡ
ƣԼóıǻԣԶԷղչֵʵȻҲǻߡ
ߣԸ㣬ϷøǿĻ档
Ц忪ʼڿתӵжͷ­βͣм䲿һȥޱȡ
ֶɽδʹãЦڵߣΪ̫ˣ㲻ǱٵĶ֡
û뵽Լᱻ˵ͿȻɽûʹãͬ
ΪäĿԴ󸶳޴۵ģ
ŭ˲仯Ϊ֮ҿβķ齫ȥ
ӵ뷨ȻԱǿķֱӹԼ
ಣ
һѾ˶Էĵһι
ӵϹ֮ɫ˫βڿƶٶȿͬ˲ƣٴγķȥ
ʱӾͷ·һ޴һ㣬˫βʵԶ̹ǶѪԽչ
ڵߣǿܹǿȥ
֮ԶܣΪȶԷĶβԼڲʹ÷ɽ²̫ơ
;޴ʱƣʱҲᴦ֮С
þβĹЩջˣһ
ಣ
һ˲죬ͬǱһ㣬˲Ǵ󵽰֮ߡ
˫ͷѪıҲңһ峤󵽰ɸ߶ȣƵǾˣ
廹ֱӴﵽҵĸ߶ȵľˡ
ıַӾĿɿڴ츳Ⱥıߣܹ仯ҲƵģԷ״̬Ȼ仯֮ߣⲻò˵һ漣
ԽߣҲԱҲҿԽ˻ش
а˼
ǿ
˽ս׵ǿģʽϵ˲仯սףټȫס
ڱ仯Ϊ˾޴󣬾ֲķ˺ܶ࣬츳αķͺǿ󣬼֮ս׵ķʱ̫
Сߣɣٰɣ
ͬһɫսľˣͷ˫ͷѪм˵
ӱһһ㶵ģʱֵ֪츳ǿ󣬵Уͷ­ͬʱףβڵϡ
ɱڵӣʵɺڵΪ㹻ˣıĹַˣԱ仯ɸߴαˣˣ
̽ԵĻζ壬ʹһβɨȲ
ಣ
һӵĹа̾ôߴ壬ȻԱٶȣʵЩֲ
Сߣ㻹ʲôǿĹʹɣ㽫ûκλˡ
ӵЦɢһǿϢϢǿĪЩӳ
б²Ҫܣ
ʩչȴȫ޷α壬Ǹߴܵķʽʵ̫ˣ޹
ӱΪ̵ҪĻ뱾ǿ
ļιӷٶϸĶ֣Է˾޴ȴԼ֮¡
ڻ湥ЩԥΪǰѪɫ沢ûжɱЧԼʹǿĻ湥ǷγɱЧأ
ߵһ޴ͷ­ѾƴһɿֲɫڿлֻۣȷŵѪɫѾǿһΡ
Ȼ׾ˣ
а˷ܣХһһţΧĲԭͬγɵһ㡣
һŵĹӵڵƱ㱻Ƴˡ
Ĺǰֻǰĸߴ󹬵ʱĽȴԵС
߲ɣȴ⹬İٱ߶ȣһȣǸȫתӾǶȣʱȻֻһСĵط
ӻûУѾܵ˹

ͻȻ³Ͻɫ泯ӹȥϽɫԲ׵ֵġ
ӱѪɫѾʹôʱֻܹԸ߲εɫֵϽɫ档
֮Է湥ΪʹԷǿĻ湥Լ


966 
ʹɫ󣬺ܿ㻯ιҲԳԾΪĻԼѪɫ滹Ҫǿϲ١
ߣ¹ȵҲˣ̫ñʧˣ
˵һųǱ¹ȵĹ̤ȥ
䣡
ټĹʱȻһĽ»Ϊ棬ڵʹСҪʵ̫򵥡
־ŭŵĹ͵ĺȥɣֲҪܣ
ٺܣ
Ц̤
ȱ״̬ҪĶࡣ
Ӽһŭ˫βͬʱ齫ȥ˫βӵб⣬ɢǿĽ
ĺã
һ˫ȭĺĶβ
¡
˫ȭҲҿݺݵӭӵ˫β˽⣬Ҳһ
໡
ֻöԷȭͷӵеʵԶԶĳԼ˫βʵʵĺϣȻҵʹС
ֻںѣ򣬾ɺڵΪҲɱӡ
ٵȭͷζΣ
ԭأȻЦ
ʱҲˣԼΪԷŲٲģҲᴫҵʹС
ʹˣҲĶ֣
аȻͻȻգѪ˫ͷҷֿѪڳѳݣһͷ­еɫѾƴ
ˣʵڿɶ񰡣
ŭųȴ˫ͷչ˫βɶȦʮֹ졣
ͷ˫ͷʲôѵҧ𣿡
аЦ˫ͷѪӽ֮ʱ˫ȭ͵ĺ˫ͷѪԴ֮
ɺڵΪٶռŲƣʵϣڵʵӭսȡʤļٳ˳ɡ
Ӿ쵽ͼ˫ͷͬʱܣ˫βϮȦβͬʱƹȥ
ףС߻ֶΣ
һЦ˫ȭ׷ӵ˫ͷƾϣΪ߱в
ӴʱѾʼƴȫǹעһķðҲǷǳ֮
䡫
ӵ˫ͷ޷ȭͷ׷٣Ȼĺײȭͷ
쵽ӵͼȻѪҧԼȭͷջ˫ȭǰ
Ӽϲ˫βĲס˫ͷѪв˫ȭ
ηӵĹȴҲҧ˫ȭԲŻס䡣
ಣ
ӵ˫ͷͻȻһǰһߣһͷ­ǣһͷ­󷢶
а˫ͷѰ·ԼʱɽǿѸٵնı壡
һȭ򱳺һѪͷ­ʱǰѪͷ­ͻȻ˾йһɻҺɫŨͻȻȥ
̣
˫ͷߵĿģԭסԼ壬Ȼʩչ˫ع
ڶ˵ľ̫ӽҪⶾȴġ
Ȼ츳ڵѾٶ֣ڴﵽڵʵȻԶΪǿ
¸£мˣϷı綾κ޵ߵʵʱڼپųϡ
ӵЦʱ͵ϮɹȻζʤֿɵá
סȴⶾԼ֮ʱսҲ޷Ƕ̾Ȼһսױս֮С
ùŹֵĶ̣
аԼ֮¾ȻˣڵѸٵ½Ȼڶ̶ֱ̼˵ڵΪ
ʱͷ­͵ıһɿֲɫ档
ɫֱӽ֣βԣһĹء
ɫʱȴѾõĻڵˣζӵڽ
ԭٶֵҲܵӶ̵Ӱ죬ΪȻٰ˳ɣһҲû뵽
ӲСΪԷɺڵߣֻһʵҲӦýӽڵΪ
ɫԴԴĽ֣ӵ治飬ɫʱ˫βĲס壬һ˶ͷ­ʼ۲ķӦ
ûϵԷ̻ǵȴѾõĻҲڵˡ
ܱɣֻĻ滹̫һ㣬ƺ޷ڱٵȫ塣
˵Ͻɫ滤壬Ӳһе档
ɫһӲֹֻ£˫۶ˡ
ԶĹܣٴƭӣΪɫὫ峹ڡ
ӻͷϺ󣬲ɷһĿЦȴܿĸȻֹ
һ˲䣬ɫѾȫͨսӿ֮УȴδܵӰ졣


967 
ӵĿɿڴУűɫɵ˫Ѿ˳
ʵϣγɵһִŨŨĲ
⻹ģӿֳһɺɫ֮ʱ̲סʧгԼʩչĶ̣ȻôʱƳڡ
˫ͷߣ׼ɣ
˵Լ츳ʵԶԷֻѾ˶ԷĹ¡
ɫѾ֮УɫȻὫЩɫգҲȫƳԣ̵Ĺͨͨƽˡ
ֻʶ츳ڳˣȴûʶΣսߡ
ڽµĹǿģʱѾָԭеʵȻҪɱҲ¡
䣡
˫ȭҿݺݵĺӵĶͷ­
ɺڵΪ£ٶȽ֮ϣʱڽУȭֱӺӵͷ­ϡ
ӱܣȴ޴Ӷ𣬵һݣʹͷ­Էȭͷײ
ԼڵıҪǿԷɺڵα
˫ͷǿĵطȴ˫ȭӭ󣬾ȻоһɾޱȵʹУ˫ͷƺҪԷ䱬ˡ

ӷһҽУûüӦȭͷٺ˹
ʱҪܣȴѾɼΪĳȭٶʵ̫죬һȭһȭÿһȭ֮صĺӵͷ­ϡ
оޱȣ˫βͬʱ˲壬ʱȴǲŲˣӵͷ
㳢ȭͷ
ʱμΪӴ˫ȭʩչֲȭӵͷ­Ȼİ˽ȥ
Ϸƴˣ
Ӵǭ¿״̬ȴǲĵŭ˫βͬʱǴִ˫βɢ
Ѱ·
˫ͻȻûΪɫķɽһֱǴ͵ʦġ
ӵ˫βҪԶ˫ֱ仯ķɽ
ն
ʹɺڵʵ˫ΪӵĶβնȥ
꣡
ӷĲҽ޴β;Ȼն棬ʱǿ֮
ֻһϢԼ֣Էɢһƣǿӻξ֮С
ʵȻǿ޾嶾Ĺ֪Ůӵսˣǿ֧ŵҲſԳװĹ
ӷԼ޷ߣΪһԼܣԷӰεĸϡ
˫ٴλΪȭͷ͵ĳӷɹȥ˫ȭ˲ֹ
䣡
һȭ֮Ӿ޴徹ȻɳȥĵڶȭѾ
ֻͷĿѣʧȥһ㣬ֻðǣٴػ
ûʩչɱܣʱɢȭȴӿԵֵģһȭһȭֱѪֹ
ಣ
ԭδСΪھ޴ε£״̬ǿ
ӱһһֵĹˣʱ㶵Щǿ
ͻȻһͻȻڹ֮μƾճֵģҲû̽鵽ǴӺδ֡
ʦ㣬Ұ
Ӿϲǰ֮Լʦ㣬û뵽Ȼؼʱ̳֡
ڣ
ŮӼʵæشʻ
Ҳδ뵽¹ȾȻԮǰŮӵΪȥӦñҪǿĶࡣ
ηСȻұ¹ţ
ŮһͷͻȻɢڿУӼ˵֮˫֮д޾ķŭ֮ɫһ˲䱩ǡ
־ϲĶŮ֮Ϊ֪ʦΪΪԼþȻоǹؼʱ
ŮԵЩһɢڵΪ
ЩɻŮӹĳ֣ĵѵǴӴֵģղ֮ʲô
СǱ¹ʲôˣ
ƽʵеɱȴԽŨңʱոӵˡ
С㾹ȻҽʦΪѵ֪¹˫ӣǧ֮ǰѾ硣
ЦĽ͵֪¹оˣΪжĳڴ

Ů췢һЦȻĶס̽Ϊ
СЦǴ̶¹۹⵱ǲ˹ά
ٺЦܿ㼤ŭŮӡ
Ůӻû˵֮ǰӱѾںȽС

һڿ˲ˣһ˲ƵٶŮҲɲ졣
ɫ䣬Ŀֳ֮֮ɫΪԼȻȫ̽鲻˲ƹ켣
ݵò񣡡


968 
ŮŭһҲ֮˲ơ
Ѿ˱ɱ˲֮ʱѾûһ΢͵ĳӡ
Ů̽鵽Ĵ˲ƹ켣һʱ˲ƽɱȴ΢һ˲䣬Ȼڿ˸ա
ಣ
ѾĴָСļ׳棬ֱ֮ӶӵŵѪ޿֮УĽĸ֮С
ɺڵΪɱȷʵЩѶȣȫ˲½зǳֶȡԳ䲻Ĺӡ
ŮЩסˣ֪ʱǸü׷ȥӦͣһԥʱ䣬ȴӲҽһ͵ڿо
ں̲һɺڵĽƣֶȴǼߴģڶԷڲýƣ⽫ӵԪ֮С
ˣڵŮҲɽ֮УʱҲֻܹƾ׸
ڲ½ƺѾɢŨŨĻɫ棬˲㽫ռ䲼
Ľ֮£ڵĿռǿѹģҲǽѹΪӸռС
ɫǵʱԭǻʦɫԼܹǿ涼Ҫǿ󼸸Ρ
ʦ㣬ң
ӵĶͷ­ͬʱȵӴڿ·ΪǻֻҪݻһ㡣
ɽƷס˻棬ӵֵסɫ
ʦ֣ң
ڵŮʱ򾪿ֵĺû뵽ԼҲᴦΣ֮С
Σ޴ڣڵŮߴʱ뷨ʦӼ޵Ķˡ
ҲȣʦþȻԼԼԿ
һ˱Բ˷ѻᣬڻɫ£ڵŮߵѸٵĻڻɫ֮С
ಣ
ٶץסŮӵԪ֮壬ΪԼĽ֮ڣԿԽ֮С
ʦ㣬Ұ
ѾץˣѪ޿ͬʱһĺԪ֮˻ɫİΧ֮С
һЦһ֮ȫĻɫӿȥԪ֮㣬İΧס
˫ͷߣĻٵĻ滹Բ
٩ͬʱңһУӵԪ֮㱻֮
ΪߣӷԼѾ˾֮УԪֲֿ֮룬ԪԱĻᶼûС
㣬ŹҰɣԸΪ
֪ʦѾЩʵˣʱֻܹԼԼͶõѡ
ѾֻʣԪ֮ˣ̷ΪˣҽԪ֮ˣҲΪЧˣ
ǺЦһץסӵԪ֮塣
Щɵˣû뵽ԷȻԼԪ֮壬־壬ܵĺ㲻óѵģʦѾĳ֣ˣҲȥ
ţǸˣҲɷ
˻һ˵ӵԪ֮ҲԹԵıͣŷֵ֮Ȼ֮
ӱڵʦİΣתһ룬ԼҪˣʦкá
ˣ˰֪ʵҾԲóȻ㣡
Ȼ̾ʱȻȴֲò
ģһװͰ͵ʦ㣡
аȵһЦ㽫ӵԪ֮˺С
ռԪ֮ȴҲ٣׼һ׶չɣʱһڶɷ
˫ͷʼ״̬УʧȥԪ֮ĳأƾıڿš
Ůԥдʧ˵սʱѾ׷ӡ
ƣ˫ͷѪʱȴʧȥǸŮӵټ
Ī¹ģʫ֮С
аȻɽһ˫ͷѪ촦Ҳɱ
¹ȵĺ򣬴ʱеı¹ȵӶѾߣΧĵģֻʣһĳš
ɢŨŨѪζһѾ֮С
ʶɫ£ֽڿУһ˿ѪϾȻһ˿ȻЦ⡣
ʫǱ¹սʱѾ΢ϷС
ʱ¹ͻȻЦһ
һ¹̲סĿЦΪԼռݾԵƣԶʫȡ
С椣ϿͶɣϷһλᣬԸ⣬Ϸһ˫ޣϷ֤һΪѸӡ
¹ɪЦһ˫۾Ȼʼʫ´
ʫû뵽¹˵òȻȻڱ¹֮ʱ˼
¹ûϢʱ䣬ȴǰӰһΣԷȻҲɷ
ԭҲнɷѹָɱұ¹ȣ


969 
¹æ뱾Ϊһ壬ȻɢǿϢ
¹츳ﵽ˰˱ʵʫʩչһɷΪһ壬Ȼﵽ˾űʵ
˫ʹһ֮ٴսʱʫһսһսһߵȴĳ֡
Ƭ֮󣬱¹Ѿֲסֻ½̫죬ʹ˶ž
¹ʹٻʱʫһϲΪܵӰ죬ڵ¶Է˶࣬ˣһʵǿߣ൱ڶһԪ֮塣
¹ʹļܣڽԼ˫ްٻŮ˱ıŭŮӡ
ŮӷӺʩչ弼ܶ˵Ľ֮УǱ¹һֶԸʫ
֮ʱʫ¶ϲ֮ɫһһ˶˵ı壬Ȼŷ˵ߡ
¹Ƕ˽ʹһ֮Ҳʫսƽ֣Ϊ츳ʫĲࡣ
˼Ҳ˽֮УһۣӶԷпŨŨĵ֮ɫ
Զ˵ʵԸʫһ˱ЩͻȻһӵɷߣȻѶԸ
ѵѾ䣿
¹ʵеľȶڷŭ
ⲻǷϻ㿴ν֮еģ
ЦʱѾʹ˵һɷ뱾Ϊһ壬ݲ֮С
¹ȶ˽û뵽ҲӵɷⳡսѾȫ·֮С
磬ʱˣǰɣ
ʫЩ˵Ϊأûаշֹ˵Ԫ֮ԱԲսǵ˲Ÿаա
ӵԪ֮壬ǳ֮ΪһԪ֮壬֪ΪӶ٣϶ɺüڵԪ֮ûҪ
ʫʫһϢԸ¹ȵļһ
ЦѾ·˶˵սԶ֮ʫһɷʵҪԼܡ
δսڲ֮أսûʲô˼Ϊ˶ȡǿԪ֮壬ȻЩ
ߣд㵱Ҷ˺۸ɣ
¹ŭɢϢ
Ůӱû˵ʲôȴԼԹ˱¹һۣΪʹԼˣ˵ȴ˾ˣһĺܲ
ϵļ˷ɽգֽ֮С
ͬΪʹһɷʫʵűǿ츳£ʮ屶ΪɲǿЦ顣
ڵʵϣҪκһһࡣ
Ѫ
Ц̱һâ֣ڡѪļӳ£ʵٴ˲١
£¹ȶ˲ûиоʫǿ
ɱ
¹ŭһɫë𣬿ѩ׵ıâ
ͬʱŮԣǰצһӣƾձ仯һɽʯȥ
˱ŭ󣬴ʱĹԶԶղŶԸʫĹ
ʫȴЦţͻȻʹڶñ¹ȶд󾪡
ʫѧļıڴʱɢǿʵȻö֣ȴ¹ȶˣڷ޷ȫԸ
ûжܶ˵ĹһնǱâͬʱһȭֵŮɽʯ
һ֣֪ûУ
ʱȫ֣һ㽫ǱâɢڿУɫĽֱ¹
һȭ֮Ӵȭͷ֮ɢֲȭȻǿеɽʯķ顣
¹צֵǵײ֮󣬱¹徹Ȼɾ˵ĴɣϵսڳܽྡྷȻըѿ
Ůܵ˺һȭ֮Ѫ
һ֮ڣ˽ˣαҺԶ
ƺԤϣڷһй֮ͻȻ˲ˡ
ʱΪ¹ȶ˵ǿǿ̽鵽˲ƹ켣
ǣ̽鵽һ£Ҫֵһ¡
˲ƹ켣ʮֹ죬ȻǳŶ˵ķ˲ƣÿζǰö˸²͸Ŀڡ
¹һ֮±ûս⣬ΪԷʵ󣬴ʱֻܹȫأΨ˲Ϯ
ŮӵѾӿһĨѪڿЦһ۱¹
ʫ֪ںһɷ֮ǿȴû뵽ǿزԼںʵ޼츳亱
˲ƵĿĺܼ򵥣޷ö˳Բ׼ԼĿ꣬һǹ۲˵ķӦĿɱ˻ֹܹԪ֮Ա
ಣ
ȷĿڣ֮ʱɽѾŮӵĲӴݺݵնһ
һ֮ں˻ɫ棬״̬µļ޹


970 
ŮӺȻУķɫݿĹơ
ɺڵΪ£ɱͬҲпܵģɷ£츳ԵʣֻʹһͬѾӵ˾ơ
Ůһ£Ϊӻʫľűӣʮ屶ΪӣӽھƣΪޣʱʹˡѪɫ˽֮У˲ģʽ䲻Ĺ
֪Ҫͬʱ˵ԪԱ֮չɱԣȫʩΪһŮӵγն֮ơ
е߶ӵ츳һ߱ն֮󣬱屻ɱ֮ʱ
һ˲ɱʵ̫죬ŮֻüһҽУѾһΪ
ɱͬߣһʫ¹ȵͬʱסˣŵһС
Ȼʱȴû֣ͣһγɱͬʱѾ͵ĻӳһŻɫ棬ɫڿһΪŮӵͷ­ͬʱ֡

ʱԲ飬ٴλӳһŻɫ棬ɫӹ̶Ůγɵĸǡ
Ůӵ˲Ϣ֮䱻ɫڣΪѾɱɫӽ㣬ԣڶݵʱڣγΪ׹ǡ
ʦ֣ңΣյʱ̣ΪҪٻ
ŮӴʱĵĺжԱ¹ŨŨĺ⣬ʱԼٻȻǿԼҲдһѡ
Ԫ֮ԭͷ­֮УзҪŮӵԪ֮ԱĻˡ
а
䣡
ŮӲµڻɫзһıըΪûԪ֮˲䱻ɫڣһαը㽫峹׻
ŮӰĻ沢ûͣǾֱŮӵͷ­֮ӿȥ
Ļɫ潫Ůӵͷ­֣Ԫ֮ҲУʱȻǸܵ˻ɫĿֲ
ĳŮӵͷ­ƶȥȻûʮɰտԿԪ֮塣
ΪʲôҪٻ˽Ļ쵰
ŮӼĵĺìͷֱָ¹
¹Цҡͷ֪ԷԼٻ£ǵһʱѵѡ
ãʱҲѾ̫ˣʹԪԱɣƴˣ
¹仰ʫд󾪣ڿǲǸҲ֮ɱ¹ӵԪ֮ԱԿвԼİȫ
ֻЦֻ˵ҪԪԱǾɣжԸԪ֮ԱֶΣǵԪԱ޷һѣ
ڷţ֮ȹŮӣȻԭģΪԪԱһԣȻôõģһ̣¹ѡԪԱļʻӽ㡣
ڸղҲע⵽˶˵ķӦĵıŮӣԵ޹ʵı¹ٻѣΪˣһŭ֮ԪԱĿԱӡ
ŮȻԪԱҲڱ¹ģΪԼ֮ԱɱȫΡ
ߣҪԪԱ𣿡
Ůڴʱ¹ľ⣬һȴ֮С
УϵļӴɫȴѹŮӵԪ֮塣
ȵɫӵ㹻ԺЦˣΪ¹һ֮ŲСüֵҲһɱǣȴͬˣʵƢҲܱ꣬ǱȽϺá
ƣһ¹ĴͲпܷԼһʱԱ뷨㱻ȫԺ
Ůӱһû뵽ԷȻֻԼȻԸŹ¹
ȻǱңǾͱԪԱˣôСĽڣֻҪԪԱһҲù
ŮŭЦ仰ûܹŵʫŵ¹ˡ
ãǧ嶯ҲǿףҪԪԱˣҲ۵ҡ˲Ҫȴ۵¹ĻҵԣҾԲܹȥҲӦڴʱԪԱ
¹żȰҪԼϵ¹ȰΣһ˼ȻȴǼŭŮˡ
òȻαŮŭʦ֣Ұ¹ȵĻҵһϣѵҾͲǱ¹ȵһӣαĻңұǲԪԱģҵģҪҾһ
Ҫ
¹е
ôҾȻ޷ԪԱ
ŮھѰʱڷڣʱֻп־ˣΪһʧȥϣʧȥȨʻʲôֲ
ǺǣǸˣڱٵĻ£ԪԱΡ
΢ЦȻһֱ㽫ŮӵԪ֮ץС
ģң
ŮӾĺ


971 
һ֮˼ƽϣ뽫Ԫ֮䡣
ȻԼȻʧˣֻһ˿׹⣬ûŮӶ룬һǿľɹ
ۣ
ֻ⾫ǿޱȣ㽫ԼԪ֮嶼ɢˣ̲סһڽɫѪҺ
磬ôˣ
ʫһѾе
԰
Цҡҡͷοʫʫû£ģ
֮Щ£Ϊķ̫ǿˣԼɲԼΪ޼ߡ
ͬʹһֻΪ츳ԵʣԲʵռݾƣʶ⵹޼ԲŻܵķɡ
һΣóȻʹ÷ɣ˺ܾãһȴֻһѪԷΪǿϼȼȻ£ΪΣս٣ȴ̫ԩˡ
쵰ҵԪ֮壡
ŮӼеȻǺı֣ʫѾ޷ˡ
£ҲΪУ֪ǷԻɸΪ񲯣
¹ĳƺѾĿڣԡҡƣȻѾǰˡ
һᣬƱѾָʵƾʲôҽ
Ǳ¹˵ĪҪˣһģһұ¹ȱ󳬼ҲԲŹˣҵȺͺãҸұ֤󳬼ɲΪѣ
¶һ˿аȵЦ⣬˫΢΢𣬺ٺЦҲĪҪˣ¹ȵʵѵᵣ󳬼ǸǱ٣һɱһɱһ˫
¹û뵽ԷĿ꾹Ȼ֮󣬲֪ΪҪΪѡ
´δң
¹ЦʱֻȱסΪز䡣
˵أ
ʵͻȻǱ¹˲ƶ
ղ˵ɱҵģ
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ܲɱ㣬һɱ㣡
ڿлص˲֮󣬷ɽֱȡ¹ͷ­
໣
¹ʵŮҪ΢ǿһ㣬ʱ̽鵽˲ƹһ³ʮâצͬʱ裬㽻֯һƬ
ڼ˲˻أ¹ĹȫգΧγһǿҵıը
ʫ΢΢һЦռƵҲٻ嶯ʱֱӳȥ¹ӦҲɱ֮ƣҲܵˣˣȴʹػսǱ¹Ĵңȴֱ־ĥ
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ƺԤϣ˲ƵĶܣǱ¹ȴʹ˲ƣΪԷɱļһֹ
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У¹ζûȴ˲٣ֹֻܹͣΣھֹķС
ΪѾƿȫ֣ȻҪѰʱһ
˵սոտʼȴѾע¹ҲԤ⵽˽ȴֲţΪٻһ˿΢ϣڣǾûзɡ
Ǳ¹ķ˲˾ŴΣÿһζñ¹չͽ͵Ĺ
ʮ˲ʱ¹ճ˲ƶٴ˲ƣȻ˱¹
ɫĽڿлĹ켣¹Ӧֻܹͽ͵һֲıâ
ն
˲֮ʱѾ촦ȴڱ¹֮С
¹֪ȥȴһ˲ԥڻɫİΧУԪ֮ƿصĻҲʹʧȥˡ
һȫļƻУ¹Ԫ֮ҲûܹӹԼƿء
һץһԪ֮壬Ԫ֮ȴɵġ
磬ϲסǵԪ֮壡
ʫЦ˵аٿԪֶ֮ΣǻԼֻһԪ֮Ҳ޷ơ
Ǻǣ¹ҵڽѾһˣԪ֮ͬСɣ޷ǱڴУҪðˡ
΢Ц˵Ѹٵ˼Ŵʱδö˵Ԫ֮塣
˵Ǳ¹ȵĺĸأһ£ȳ˵أȻȴΪ˵Ԫ֮壬ɲΪǵԪ֮塣
ڣǰֻһַǾðǵԪ֮塣
ӵԪ֮壬ʫԣɣȻԣȴǿðһԵġ
ʫʫһ׼ðǵԪ֮塣
ƽ˵仰ȴ˶һ
ǰɣ磬ӵԪ֮壬ǣ൱ͬɣƺ̫ðˣ


972 
ʫȰ
Ƕ˿ɵˣΪĿץסԼ˵Ԫ֮壬Թʹȴû뵽ɡ
Ԫ֮壬ȻҲжţڱߣǳ⣬Ҫܵʹȴ֮
Ļ쵰㾹ȻҵԪ֮壬쵰һú̬Ļ쵰
ŮӱƢ꣬ʱԾѡ
¹ȴ侲һ㣬ֻڴʱģҴӦ̷Ϊ֮Ļ
磬Եͷɣ
ʫЦĶŮӵԪ֮塣
⣡
ͷʹԸԪķɫͻȻɫγ˽һ㳯ŮӵԪ֮иȥ
ɫ汾ͿԪ֮壬ʱڶ΢СĻ潣ԷԪ֮壬еʹǳܵġ
ַŮӵҺͻͨĵĸоһ㣬ĻˣֻԪ֮ȴһʱ֮ɱԪͱɴĥ
㣬ҪĥˣҲˣ
ҪĥˣɱҰɣ
ŮӷģﻹзŵĺɫȴŵǱ¹ԪιȥԷʹ࣬ԼȻͬܣһ뵽ĵѡ
磬ȷҪǵԪ֮𣿲ȷðķ̫ˡţͬԪɺųΣյģ߻ħļʴﵽųϡ
ʫЩǵ˵ѾĶγĳԼ˿Դ棬Էǳðա
ǰ˵ûͬԪΣյģǵ£Σջһ㡣ǴﵽԪ֮ѾΪһ˵ҲֻЩԶ߲ſԣǰǷҶ˵Ԫ֮壬ҶԸΪǰЧͣ
¹ȰΪǱɵĶȻҪȰԷ
Ů򱣳ųĬһղŵʹﻹóȻ˵Ψֵܷ޷ܵʹ
ͲὫ¹Ļϣֻ΢Цʫ˵ʫʫģһµģ޷ܣһ̷ɣ㱣֤һµġȻԶ߿Ҳһ
ʫͷĬĬ˵һԻ
¹ȴɵˣû뵽ԼȰĻﷴΪ˶Էᶨݡ
еʮ㣬ͬɣԼǰֲûɹֻμһЩѣǶԼкѣ
£ŮӵԪ֮һԣ׼ɱ¹Ԫ֮塣
ҪҪң
¹һƣĺѾС
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ڱ¹޾ʹУʧȥ˰֮Ԫ֮ڻ£ķֳݵһ塣
ڷָϺ󣬿ʼԭļɱ¹Ԫ֮塣
ѡɵķһվɣ
ɷ棬Ļɫ漸˾ãɽҲ˹ؼãڶ߽ϵ£κԪ֮嶼ᱻָƵ塣
ɵΣԱ½ΪԪ֮壬ԴɵĽǶ϶ѾγһЧˡ
˵ðգɹеðգɶӵԪ֮ԼԪ֮Ƿ񿸵סַɡ
ðձζʧȥᣬԣѡðգΪžԵţڡķ£Ҳü򵥡
ʫһԻʱѾʹɷ֤İȫΪﲻһʵ߸޷롣
ڽƼӹ̺ʫһ˫Ŀһһ
зִģԲ첻ٶű¹Ԫ֮塣
ٶȶʫԣǾԲģ츳ٶѾС״̬ˡ
ԼĪһ֮оյĽ¹Ԫ֮ϣڵĵڶҲ˲ѸٵӣյһֱɫգһתΪ
ԶԣȫλɣǵһԪɣڽ¹Ԫ֮ɺֻһȱڰ㣬Ȼ˵Ŀӿ롣
ɣ
ʼָŮӵԪ֮壬εһ߷ָһ߽ɣٶȱɱ¹Ԫ֮ҪĶࡣ
ʱɹѸţѾԼһһ״̬ڵġҲѸٵԪ֮
ʱ֮ǰѾ˶ԶӵԪ֮ɡ
ϺԼΪڷǷ𵤴ʱѾӽɷˡ
ȻһĪĸоͻȻӿļ䣬ָоƺͬһ㡣
͵һʹ֮һͼͼȻ屾ƿط
µĴм䣡


973 
ϲסʹʱȴϲ֮УЩͼԼζƿرķһڶɷ֮廹ҪҪĶࡣ
ʱһɫӿֳĽ֣ʫд󾪣ȴֲҾ
ôˣѵͻˣ
ʫɻȴɢԽԽǿ󣬵ɣң
նӵԪ֮󣬵ڶɷѾҪɣڴʱȴ˷״̬С
ͼļأʼʹ屾ΧĽɫâԽŨ
䡫
һը촫ͻȻһХ֮ǽâ֮Уһϵ¶
Ȼ仯ˣⷬǱѰ̫ˣ
ʫ˵żɫΪˡ
аѨ֮УչֹƣʵǿʫԺԿƱ壬ʵʮֹ
𣡡
췢һŭӴ֮£Ȼʫɷõ
ƾһʫǿʫҲĿࡣ
һɳ죬ɫâ֮ʫҡҡͷԭûȫӵб仯ʵ
ʱʶѵģܹ仯屾壬Ѿʮ˷ܣɵ֮ͷһԼˡ
ͷȴȻ̬ʱҲĽ̬ͷ˵òǲײĹ
ʲôӵͷ̫ˣ
̲סڿкڱ仯һıԼʵһֹȻܼ
ͷҲУֻҪʵҲûʲôñԹģ
ʵߣܿͨˣڿзһˣٶޱȡ
Σڱ̬£ʵ״̬ǿϲ٣ΪôҲñԹˡ
ۣ
˷֮࣬͵ſ޿ڣһŻ棬ȴѾǻɫ棬γ˻ҽɫ档
ˣ
иϲϼϲһԸ߻ҽɫȻǰĻɫǿһβֹ
ڱ¹ȺĵһͷĹ챾ڿţٶȼͬһ㣬ΧĿвϴ󣬿вʱ³һſֲĻҽɫ棬ЩΧƽԭش
Ĳ˵Ȼֻһ̬α壬ʵȴ״̬ǿϲֹһΡ
һս״̬´򲻹Ҿʹð˰ı壬һһ
а룬ڿ´󣬺ò⡣
ʫͷڰ˰״̬µΣͻȻԼʵ̫ˣԺһһӵиԻ͵
ıǿҲԲܹиһҪŬܹĺˡ
ʫа뵽
ĺȻһƵĲҺ˲û̬ҽк徹Ȼӿе
ಣ
ʫ˲ƣڿɫҰ׵ȴǿɬһЦ
˻ǲܹ̫⣬һˣ̱ѽ٣
ԳЦֻȻͬһ㣬ȻڿάַеûУδ̫Ρ
磬ô£
ʫɻʵ벻ղŻúõģôھѾʧȥȫƵġ
ʫʫҵ̫ˣԭΪԿư˰̫֮ˣ˰ı壬ҲԼһӣһʱ䣬Զα壬αҲܵӰ졣
ͺʫͷȻƶǶ
Ϊޣô仯ΪһֱܣΪʲôһֱ޷仯壬ֻǱ仯˰ľ磬ܵأ
֮£Ҳǰĳޣ仯Ϊȴû˿Ѷȣƺɵı仯Ϊޱ塣
磬żҲ츳ʵ̫̬ˣҪ仯ɱҲѵĶࡣʵҾӦ֪ˣһ仯ɱ壬˺ܶ౶ʱֻܹάְ㣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ʫЦŰο
ȻЩΣԼڿǱʫڿбţⳡԵЩ죬Լʱ龰
ʫʫҷڵϰɣ
˵βѡ
ʫƽ⣬ʱҲЩΣǽķһƬݵϡ
ʱ˿Կ˵⣬ֻһûУָͷ޷вױ仯ҲżĴ۵ġ
ϾһΣӵʶ仯Ϊģǵһͻơ
Ҳ˵ĿǰΪֻҵİ˰ʱ䣬һʱ䣬Ҿ޷׸
ЩƵ˵Ҳ֪ԼҪòſԻָԭеΪ


974 
ʫһϥЦο磬Ժɲܹ仯壬ͦģһ״̬ǷǳΣˣֻܹƾ˹
ٴοɬһЦͻȻ뵽ʲôƵģ˵ʫʫ÷ɽԣֵܷס
˻һʫȻΪ޷ָܹоǷǳʹࡣ
磬úϢɣ̫ˣһƴȫػİȫġ
ʫһЦ˫͸ᶨ⡣
ʫʫߣԲܹЭɣķɽңҵķΪԺҲһԣҲġ
ҧ˵ȻԿеʫ
ʫֻһû뵽ȻԼ߻ҪǿʱȻ֮£Ǽ˷ɽ
һΪҪ飬زȫ룡
ᶨ˵ȴŵʫˡ
ʫŵΪ̬ȻŰķ飬Լһ״̬£ͱ״̬ǿ󣬴ʱ÷ɽһ޷ˣʫŵ֡
ʫԥ˵ʫʫѵ㲻ҵĻô
ġ
ʫշɽһƽؿڣķɽؿ֮ϣʫЩ²֡
̣
ֻ˵һ֣˫ƽâķɽ
ʫһȥȴֻԼȴ룬ֻŵһ죬ɽĽⱻϵĽս׵˻
ʫɫ˫͸ֲ֮ɫɽзһʱڅݳһ˿Ц⡣
磬㿴Ѿˣûκ飬֤ʱķȻǿ󣬺ǺǣϢɣҲ˯һָΪˡ
ʫæջطɽһЦ÷ɽ
һ˿жȴǿɬһЦȻʫʫˣҪǲº֣Ҳ죬ұڵ˵СϣϣɣҾԲǿ㡣
˵ô͸ʫ᲻ֻԼȥ̽ķ޷£Ե̡̫
ãʫڹԼӦð̽ʱķȻ˵磬ʽ̽ķκ⣬ͿһҾͻֹͣ
ãǧҪ飬ɣ
̵˵ʫ˫
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ﬣ
սٴεסʫĹɽ޷ֺʫȻԼһ״̬£ôԶ޷أ

ʫеķɽ͵Ĵ룬ȴȻ޷ͻƽս׵ķ
ʮƽʫȻϣҪκαΪԼܹ״µֵĹôԺʹһ뱾ʸ

ʫ૵һһ˽ս׵ķɽѾͻǺɫĳۣƤ֮ϡ
ؿһʹϵƤĵֵԷķɽ
ʫһԥȴԼܹͻս׵ķȴ޷ͻ
ѵҵԶ£״̬¸ߣ
аΪʫʱΪǳԼģ޷룬Ǿ˵Լķʮֱ̬
ɵʵʫɽķ赲ˣ޷롣
ȫԣģҾԲµģ
ѵжԼķԽš
ʫһԽʮɣȵʹ˳ʱڸодļ
ʲôƬ𣿡
ʫؿڳǽɫƬʵе÷˼û뵽״̬£Ƭ塣
ţ
ӦһȴؿھʹޱȣƬԷķɽײͬʱʹ൱ݡ
ʹҲɫסȻƽ
ǺǣԭҵķôǿһҲûʲôоټӴԡ
˫ۺЦ˵
ʫûܹпʲôʹ࣬ųȣȴֻ粻޷γʵв
磬ʮȴ㣬⣬ͽгһֹͣ
ʫ˵Ҳһɲ˼û뵽£ֵܹԼĹ
ãɣ
΢΢һЦȻѾϰؿڴʹ
ʫɫĳɽ˵˲񱩵ƽȫ֡
ţʫڽֹ״̬´ģѾգȫʵս
ߣпߵص㣬ʫʱѾ״̬УΪĵˡ
ಣ
ʫһȻһ̾˲ƣɽ͵Ĵ֮


975 
ʫȫ£ս׵ķȱԵʮ΢СֻŵһʫȴǴסˡ
ʱʫ벻鷢ˣɽѾȫ壬ʫһ˲䱣϶͸
Ҳû뵽ĽΪҲ޷£ƾ豾ԷԼΪǿ߹
磬ҶԲ㣡
ʫŵ˵ʱͬһæҵĺӣᶼҪӿۿ
ɽ֮УʫγΨּӾƣлֶ̿
ڷɽ˲䣬Ҳܵһ־ҵʹʹֻʹȴ
츳һɱֻһƶѡ
ʫʫû£γ
ǿסʹ򶨵Ц
ɽ壬ȻγҵʹУԣʫˮ˳۽ǵ䡣
Ȼ΢΢ЦţȻʫȴܹܵʹ࣬ΪǱɽ嶼ʹ㲻ܹΪѪˡ
ǻγɽʹԽʫһҧ˲˷ɽ
ڷɽγ˲䣬һɫѪǰӿȴҧأȻ΢Цı顣
ʫһ仰Ҳû˵Ƕĳ֮ԽԽʹ£ȴܹȻ΢Ц־Զһ߿
޷£֮дľʹҲܵǳ֮Ѹٵ޸˿ڡ
ּĴˣǶһ˶ԣȷʵܲأҲΣ츳սԣȴֻ΢ơ
ʫʫҪޣһ۵ġ
ʫ˵
ʫ޳ڻǿסˣˮȻͷ˵磬ģˡҰ޸ưɣ
ˣٴҼԡ
仰ʫͬܰʯˣȲԼ۾ҲԼĶ䣬û뵽ȴҪ
磬ǲ߻ħˣ㵱ܺ𣿲ҪЦᣬѵҾͲ𣿡
ʫ΢ŭȻǵơ
֪ʫˣЦʫʫҲǺ˵ôҵ츳ǿ󣬲㿴ҵ˿ѾҪˡ
ʫɻ˿ڣȻ˿ۿɼٶϣԼֻһСʱƤƬȻȫˣʱսҲʼϣٶȴıҪϲ١
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˵жԼķԽţ״£һĵֵ
ҲǣʫʵĶ֣ԼҪչֱʵչֱʱ򣬵һʮǿԼֵܹס
ڲն׵£㱻һ򽣣ɱԼȴǲܵģԣؼǲܹնס
ʫѾΪˣΪ޷£Ȼӵ˱̬ķ޸
˴һ£ʫ㲻飬һһķ
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ʫӴʱķֱǿЩףԼȫʵ޷ֺʫʱɵʹһ
ʹţ
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Ҳ˵ֻҪնͷ­α㲻ᱻɱҲΪ½
ʫޱȵʵ츳˸һ˽⣬ֱ̬޷
ԣ
ֻ˵һ֣ȴǺܲԼԺȻڲжԷʹ֮
һᣬͻȻһƣϮȻڴʱǱ۾Ѹٽ˳˯֮С
ʫܹǾȵĺ¶΢Цı飬ϥһԣĿת
ԼĪʱ䣬Ŷһ£Ȼ˺ɫ˫ȻԵȣƺΪ־˲١
ಣ
ԭڵϣȻ˲ˣκܿڸ߿֮ϡ
ڶɷȻѾ޳ˣô£ѵ˯֮ʱɵ𣿡
аԿϲڲڶɷѾͣ⵱оЩ˼顣
ಣ
ĵһɷӱзȻڣڶɷͬһ
Ƕ˵Ԫ֮󣬵ڶɷͿҪˣҵʱʩչ֮ҲڶɷԣӦˮɣҪĻΪﵽˣԲ޳˵ڶɷ


976 
аţԼڵҲȫָˣȳ˯֮ǰΪǿ
ûʹڶƾڿһ˲ƺ󣬽齥ƽ
ȵʫʱѾָԭе̩Ȼ֮ɫɫҲֻ΢΢һЦһһ׵װڱ¹ȵϿգͬһɾһ㡣
¹ȵĺ֮أʱӰӶڷŵĴս֮У¹ȵĵѾȫͨ롣
ƽЩ¹ܵĵӣΪͲмڶЩͼӶ֡
֣Ȼиֵķȣ
ڵҲͼߵ̣Ϊǿ֮еɱ֮ķ½˲١
뿪ɣ
΢Ц˵
һ㣡
ʫĻش˵ʸоƺһǿŮӣʱС˵һҪ顣
뿪¹ȵĺСĴǵ󷨺󣬶㳹뿪¹ȵɽš
ų󳬼֮һı¹Ⱦ˥ˣЩı¹ȸӹһ⣬ĸ
˲δϾɱ¹ȻƬϼȥǣ¹ȵĵλҲʷû󳬼֮һҲѾΪ˸ơ
һ·Уһ·Ҳ;ٳ򣬲ȴûͣ
ڶ˷е;УͻȻһȺأЩ߾ֱס˶˵ȥ·
һЩ۵ļһ
ʫߵһ·֮ϵ̫ƽܻС鷳
ҪǣǼУ
ֻһ˲̽Ⱥ˵ΪΪߵĻûﵽɽڣ˷ʱѵЩˡ
ಣ
˼ٷʱȴЩڿкһٵĻ
ʫͬʱͣסΣΪЩ˿¹󳬼ɣҲϵ½ʹߡ
ಣ
ʫͬʱأȻһȺǰ⵹ǽһ
ԭ¿зеĶˣֶ˵ʵǳǿ󣬾Ȼڷʱﵽ˿ֲٶȣһ˲㴩Խ˹ȥ
к밵֮ʱ˸ַأȴһĻδ֮¡
μǰ
˵ͬʱ֮
ͬʵߵ𱰣ʵǿ߱Ϊǰԣ˲֮кβס
񣡡
ʫͬʱȭ˵һǰֿɲһڷ沢
֪λǰΪ£зԸµ˱ض߾ȫΪλǰ񡣡
һʵǿİ˹Ĺ˵ȴЩΨֵˡ
ؿҵҪ̣ǷΪڿҶˣ
Цʵ
ǰ
ȴˣΪǷرģſڿУŵ˵
Ҳ׷ſڵأ־ĵǰ
ģɱǣαصȵڣ˵ղǵΪ
ƽʵ
ʫ˵ֻǽһʻԼͼС
ǸæشǰҵǸŵߣӵϽʹҪڸ򷢲һϢ
˶٣˲δǰ߼˵Ͻʹд˳ڣԼ˳ǰ󳬼֮׵޻ʱ¹κݾڵĸؽϢȥΥһɱ⡣ºκɷԲǧ֮ڻдߣһŴ
յϽʹǰҵȵĿԡ
ǰ߹ʩȻ
űƺϢʱظͻȻ˼֮С
ЩϽʹ𣿡
ʫʵ
ǰϽʹôݡԲǧﷶΧǡŵΧҵڴ˷򴫴Ϣ˳֪ͨ·ǿߡ
ߵͷֱʫ
ŶʲôϢ
ʫʵеű¹ȵϢ֪ûС
ǰһϢ˵¹ȼʧȥƣһƬң¹ȴɳѹĶ࣬˵¹ȵĵڱأҲ˵¹ȵĵӷ˳תר˱¹ܵظֵϮ
˽Լ֪Ϣһһ˵ϣ˲Ϊš
ǰ˵꣬ͻȻ¶һĪЦ⣬оһΨһŭɱˡ
ʫҲ˼Ϣζʲôһ£Ǳĸֽᱻۼ޻
ʫʫߣ
Ц˵αѾգʫϣЩ㳤һ㰲ȫˡ
һʱɢҲޱȣΨֶһŭɱˡ
෴еģʫЩɻȴҲûҪȥģ
˷˼֮Ѿִ֮߾ʫҲ಻Զˡ


977 
һɽ£˽⴦طʫ֪ģʮ֮һɽ֮ء
ڣʫԼı֮أʫȻ⡣
ʫʫı֮ҲѾԶˣʱ䣬ǾȵҴһǰ޻
ƽ˵ϵŲԶ
磬ȷаսʤһֻʹһѾʮǿˣʹڶڵΪսʤ
ʫֱӵ˵Ϊǣһսʧ˱ˣζԼҲܵǣ
ʫʫİɣһ¹һ㣬һʱúֻҪʹаսʤʱ״̬´򲻹һðձ֮һս
˿Ȼŵ˵
ʫЦˣͷ˵磬һֱʵֻҪţǱһԵġ
ǺһЦ׼˵ͻȻһӲԶǺη֮ˣ֪ǰΪ£
߾޴󣬵Ũĵطǿռ졣
һɽŴֳ֮ΣЩ˱ŵɽ֮ˡ

ЩŵӼҪɵˡ
ŵǰ֪ǰݹ٣ǰˡ
ŵ뵥ϥأ⡣
ؿе飬ȥ֪ͨɣ˵ӦԼ֮ս
˵
ЩæӦ֮սЩӶŵĻ겻壬ϱе֪ͨţ˵ӭˡ
ˣʫʫ˵ĵӣ㻹ûѵǵİΣ𣿡
Цʵ
ʫһЦ˵籣ǣһõʲô
΢΢һ̣һ֮˳ɽ֮£һ˲书ǧ˳֣ƿǲС
Ǽ˴ľܱͬסһ㣬òŷӦȻ
赣ģǰڵ鷳
͵ڼӵɫת
ʦ
һ˷ܵĽ˷׷׸ʫ
ʫ˵ĵӽ԰Ȼ£аϲ΢Ц˵񣡡
Ȼ󣬱˺ĵǰݼʫҪķһЩʱ䣬һ΢ЦʱʫʥϢ֮УȻһ֮
˵ڰݼʫ֮ȻлһΣӨͷʩл˵޲
һΣʩȣЩֻ»Ϊ£ʫЩ޲ߡ
һ֣һε㽫˵ȫٴγԾΪ
ƹڼ֮ʱѾη壬һΣԼǵʵǿˣһС
ƹ⣬ô
ͻȻƹ⣬ʵ
ǣƹ⣡
ƹ֪ΪֻþԷҪɱԼʦҲһᱣסԼ
ƹ㣬ûõʱ䣬û뵽Ϊϲ
΢Ц˵һѾƹǰһֻͷģһֳļΪ
лǰգ
ƹϲѾʦһĳ֣ʱȻȾϲԺ
˵˥ͼϣ츳ܲúŬҪҺʦʧ
֮󣬱ֻصʫԡ
лǰƹһŬʦǰ࣡
ƹ⼸¹ĳ嶯ˣһ뵽ʦһԣæסͶصĳ嶯С
ʫ˹ԼĴӣҲһжЦƹ⣬ɲܹ
磿
оһƺʲôԶƹæٴεл
Ө˶Դƹ⣬ЩˬѾԾˡ
Ө屧
һﾪˣʫҲЦˡ
ӨҲ֪ڿЦӢݣͻȻһ߹ȥȻЦǰ㲻ʦԴףɣ
˵һʫǰ˵ֻҲӨңǻˣֻ±Ѱ·Ϊ
ӨˣʫʫЦŵͷҲ˼ˡ
ӨʦǲСѾͷĴ׵ģ廳
ЦȴȥӨֻﷴ
ӨʦЦԼҲʲôĳ˹ȥȻſ˫ۡ
ǰ
ӨչŮӣƤڴ˿̾ȻվǰЩ֪롣
΢ЦŸӨһӵ徹ȻǶһ¡

Өһɫǣȴ˶ԼǱЦʦǰֲʵ


978 

ʫһпɷһЦ
ʫЦҲ׷׷һ̿ЦЦ𶯵ɽŶ΢΢յͦɺг
ӨҪҪһ£
һЦֻǿЦȴӨȻͷ˫ۣһξߢ顣
Щ֮ˣ˵ʱͻȻ̽鵽һȺٵĽӽаϲ
֪ǰڣ̫٣ǰ£
һ˼ǴɽϷж£֮һȺ˵Ĵӵ£˵
ûſӨȻͷˡ
˵ĵ޲𾪣ԭʮ֮һڣû뵽ڶȻ˿רɽӭӡ
ʲôˣʲôݣ
˷׷вţȵ˵ٴ𾪡
ؿͷʮ֮һӭӣǺӵ顣
Ц
²ң
˵ͬʱͻȻϥأ֮˸Ĳΰ
ʫ΢΢һЦ֪ΪҲ֡
ɣԺٸҸڣҾͲڣ
ˬʵЦһӣڼ˱ñһ͵Ĵ𣬵Խء
һǰ˵ĻΪ׼ǰ˵¾Բ
΢Ц˵ƨĹɲǸǵġ
Ѽ䣬ʱЦʵ֪λǰǣ
ҵŮˣ
ɲ˵ĵθ룬Ȼ˵仰ĺ䶯Чͬ޴
ˣʫŮĻеһֱɲµŮͻȻŮѾȵãȻǳʹġ
Ȼ˭Ҳҵ¶֮ɫΪʫԵӿơ
ǣ˵ĵһ΢Цı⵹ǰδеĹ쳡
ԭˣ
幰ЦȴǸʵǿû뵽Ѿˡ
ܣǸףŮӵȻҲѷɫ
аţʫŵһˡаϲȴɫĻ񣬶̬Ҳı䣬ʮѵõ¶һЦ⡣
ЫӣЩҷ˵ɵӣһͷһЩʱ䣬Σ
˵
ǰĻ»ӭأﻹʲôĳӭλǰڣĳͬʱҲŵҰ
ϼ޻˵˿׻
˵ӷ׷װľû뵽ΪȻǿڵҲǰڵԼ˺ѣȴǼΪѵõĴ
ƹ⵱˻񣬶ҲЩͷЩˣԵ˵ߣɽһӣ첽ɽ
˻һ˷׷Ӧŵǣһǧ˱ɽţɽȥ
ʫУƹӨڵһңʱ˵ʻ
ǧ˵Ķ飬ͬһ͵ι۹ţ£ߵĲ졣
ڵĴɽɫɽΪͣǰǱٵ̨ҲѾ޺ˣȴ޳༶̨ף·ǲߡ
ɽ滨ݣϡҰޣɽٲЩ۵ҲΪ׳
ôʱܹŻŲȻεŹ˱ɽˮ̬
ԼĪ˰ʱ䣬˲ŵɽ壬⵹Ҳ벻ġ
ڵ򣬴ʱѾǧ֮ɽӭӣȥɽγһڵľ
Ыӣ׵ĶҲҪˣҺúд˵ЩӣпĵطרŰǰɣΣǷһ飬´Σʲô⣬ң
Ц˵ⷬаϲΪһ󣬿ȴЦǰǿˣģ˵ĵӣһտ
ãҲ֪Ҳ̫ϲ֣Ұһ徲ɽͷҪչ
ƽ˵
ǣʫڰֵĳȻһľɽ塣
˴ɽԻ塣岻ԶɽƸߴվɽз羰Ϊ֮أų塣
ɽ֮мݣЩصȴʫ̾
Ȼųݣȴǻɽ£ֻ϶ڿн֯γݣһмȻɣ˿֮ɫ
磬ҺϲЩݣ㣬ӦǺܺõ֮
ʫ΢ЦЩݡ
ϲͺãðɣһеҪ뿪һˣﰲɣʲô飬ڵЫȥҪ
Цеʮħ߾ӡ
һ·СģһչԼġ
ʫûѯҪȥֻǶСġ
תȻʫһѱ뻳Уһӵ֮Ȼ뿪塣


979 
ĵĳ֣ȴǾĵ뿪⵹֮˵Ļɡ
ıòһ·Уò˶ñı߾
ϵЩʮħ֮غ󣬵Ųĸо
˴طɭɭȻŨѪζǰУڷ˼ĳ
ãʮħѾɱˣ
аһɷŭͻȻͷӿЩħ˶ҲʲôӰ죬ΪһʱദʮħҲһĸ飬ѣȻЩ᲻á
ʮħĴӪʱֻеɱЩ಻סˡ
ʮħõĽȻڣ֮ȴ˼Ĳ״еѪζŻǵѾȾɰɫһݵĵطȻγһѪأʮħѪҺγɵġ
ȱȫʬҵĵڵϣûһʬ塣
Ѿľ쵽˴˵ԪԱĺۼһЩħʵĽ
˭ɱǣ
̲סŭڽ֮лص
ҪΪǱ𣡲˭µ֣ҶҪۣ
ٴκ㽫𿪡
ʱ˿ֿ̣Ʋסĳ嶯ò侲
˭ɱǣħģ֮ģߣ
˼ţ˵Ȼǹɱġ
侲󣬷ǿڿţѰϢ
ħߵϢǺģɱһиֵ֣Ϣħߣųħߡ
ھԼĪƬ̵̽ԺѾһ򶷵ĳɱ־ԲһˣЩϢǻϢй¶
ߵϢ
˵˫֮Ĺâŵһȥ
ȻϵһЩȤⷽԲ֮ڣЩкܶ࣬еѾ٣еȴȻЩۼ
ħ꣡ħʹ꣡
ħʹһΪǱģ
սݣ
˺ܶѪдɵϢĿ˼ΪǶԷҪ֤ݣǾͲ˶ĺۼ
Щ֤һЩڸǣһ֤ݺ󣬷ڸڶ֤ݣ˲Ҫ֤ݡ
а˼ڿлƶ˫һ㳯·̽顣
ڲƻֳ£Ѱ֤ݣʱ뷨ȴҪϸ۲췽Ѱҳõ֤ݡ
ʱסеĲ²⣬н·ʬϸ̽һͻȻһѪ߰ߵʯͷסˡ
֮壡
ͻȻһط԰ڵѪʯͷдĸ֣ǲϸģȴԿʯͷϵĸѪ֡
֮壬ʲô˼Щħ֮߱ΪΪʲôĸ֣
ĸһ˲Ҫ˼ܹ⿪ĸֵյףôҵɱʮħ֮ˡ
ЩѾȫˣȻڣѵЩָʾʲô
뵽ͻȻϸ߿֮Уǰĸ߶Щħʬ壬ϣܹ⿪ĸֵյס
ʱԼĪپʬĳֹɵİһƽϣȱ㿴Щʬĺ塣
ʬ壬Щħߵǻ۵治͡
аޣپʬģ֣вʬѾˣƶλãֱֻ֡
磬˵ؾӦĪĹϵ
֤ݲ²Ȼδ漸ʲô֣ѾһĿꡣ
ߣǵƾҲ²⣬ҲӦйأʵȲ飬ܻʮ֮һҲĳЩɢΪǸʹΪ
ΪŭôʮħߵѲ˸ϵ
ֵǣĿɣ˵Ҷԣ﷢ģһΪǱġ
µ棬ն˵Ȼɢһֿ񱩵ʡ
ಣ
гһϽɫ棬ĻֻǱɨսá
ʮħߣĸһμĻᣬȻǵĹǻҳ¡
ߣΪ
֮УϽɫ濪ʼӽȼȻԸٶЩħߵʬ塣
ڿУƾϽɫƽٶȣԵЩͳ
ǰʮħ߳䵱ڻңദһʱȴЩħɵľȴӵв
˴ΣضʵǿĸͻϮЩħȴûӳ֮⣬ѪսףʩչԪԱ˵˵ЩɾӺҳϣ
Ȧ΢΢ЩһֱĬĬעЩʬĻ𻯣ÿһʬ壬бһݸˡ
Ƭ֮ϽɫйĹǻңȻһƫߵʯͷΧһ


980 
Ͻɫ֮£֮бϽɫһ飬ȫطƽˣȴΨһߵȻڡ
аɻߵصô£ȻԵֵϽɫɣ
۲죬˴Ҳ޷һԴʯͷѣôͻ޷Ͻɫأ
ѵʯͷԪ֮廹ҪӲ
кתԳһЦͻȻһȭǿʯ
䣡
һȭ֮ûʹϵΪȴҲ㹻ƽһʯˡ
Ȼȴֻʯͷκѵļ˸תΪȡ
һȭȻһ˿ӡҲû£̫֮ˡ
̧ͷ̽һ⴦ƣЩħǽƵȻڣȴڲϼ֮Уֻ´˳ڵ޵ҲɵĴ롣
ЩһﵹҲҳϣ
̾ȻʯͷȤҲŨ
ͨʯͷǿķʯͷҲͨˣҾͲˣʯͷԷסҵĹ
ʩչɽƣȻ׼ȭͷʯ
ɽ֮ǿʯͷȻĵİڷԭأǣ׼һȭھʯϣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǾʯȻͬƶˡ
ףʯͷ֮¾ж⡭
ʩչƺ󣬲еĿռ䣬ǹƽⷽԲ֣Ϊ˽ʯͷ
飬Ҳ٣ʱȴɻأû뵽ʯͷҲԶƶѵҲ
ȭ֮ʱǷʯͷƻԭλٶȵǷǳ֮죬ɵȻ
ʯͷҲȴҲЩа
ʯͷѵҲǾͻش𣬷ҽͻ㣡
һʵȴЦ
ߣǰ˺ҡ
ӷʯͷ·һŮɷһˬʵЦЦȴǷʯͷѡ
ಣ
ɽȻ󲻻Ķͷʯûֻ֣ɢơ
ǷʯͷԽͬڿ־һ㣬ȴһ
ʯͷһԵߣʲôص塣
˵ʶҪ̽룬ȴ־ȻһϣԽ϶һ뷨
ǷʯͷƽѾ˿ʱƺ뵽ʲôƵģɫ΢΢һ䡣
䣡
һ߷ǿʯͷȴպûʯͷ
ڷʯͷ֮£һصĶڣⶴڲȴ֪׻ж
ٴһ˿ʯͷ϶ŵʯͷģвЦ
ಡ
Ϊ׳泯Ѩж룬ⶴѨһصϢϢȲߣҲߣħġ
ʲô
Խ棬ӿٶȳǰƽ׷;ʱͻȻ̮ǰĵ·ˡ
ݣ
ٴα仯Ϊ׶ݵصһޣȻ׷Ѱ
ǹϢʵ̫ˣԣ׷ȴǲѡ
һʱ˶Ѩ־ȻѾһɽȣɽȾȻһоԵۼ
ǹʯ᾵ĳǰٻޣⶼطľɫϸ΢Ĳͬ
˵ص㣬ľҲãҰҲգȻһݵ֮С
˵ص𾪣ȴûԼǰĿģǱѰҷŷʯͷµ塣
ʶɢȥֲκջ񣬺ɽȲĽ֮Ѱҳ
ಣ
Ϊ˱ٶȣգ˫ͬ۽𾦵ɽѰĴڼ
ԼĪСʱȥˣȴѾЩʧ⻨ɽȣǹϢʱ޴ڣȴ޷׶λ
ɽѰ飬ɽ֮ӵǿĽƣƾȻԵסɺڵʵߡ
С֮ͽб¹߳
ȵɽлصãȴǸ˻Ӧ
˷ѱٵʱ䣬´ԲŹ
װƵĺȻԭ·ǰɽ֮Уʵɽ֮бѾѸٵʹɷһɷǰȥħߵĺ£ΪһֻСС۷䣬ȻڶǱš
ǻۣưոݣڴʱʩչΪַԻԷסڼӣ¶Է¶Ρ
Ƭ̹ȥɽȻĵģֲֻ裬ɽ֮еζԽŨ
Ǻĵģڴ˵ǱһҲڻ£ȻλﵹûǱһµȤǱ죬ȴпܵġ
ʱһһĹȥɽ֮ϸ΢Ķǵĵһɷϻ²ݻʱɽ֮ͻȻһֿ񻶵̬
Щԭ溬ŵʻȻ˲ȫţӭҡڣЩľһζĹľҲƺڷĲ赸һ㡣


981 
ܶԱ
ֻǰľ˼Щľڶķ򣬾ȻһζȻڰڶǷá
ֲҲʶҲܹ˶ѵЩֲҲԻû߲ɣ
־ͬײֵԲһ㣬εȵ߸˵˼ά
һֱ˽Ϊֻ붯ΨֲֲȴԲȶ٣ЩֲҲǿıֲˡ
ͺñȸײ֮ǰΪǸһֻеңԶ֮أԨײ޴½ǲŵԲһ˵
סеļѰ˼ЩֲΪλԶڶǴӺζѵȻΪߡ
Ȼһĸӻ֮дȴ֮һ㡣
֮֮ɽ֮оȻһ󸽺֮ЩŮסеĺĴ
ҳɣǸѾˡ
һ֮ɽмѾˣȻӯŻֵЦЩֲԷЦֱǷ˼顣
ҳˡ
˵һþ޴ǧ֮õĹͻȻаγȻȻգڿһζţƺ˷ܡ
Ҳˡ
֮УһѪĻӻ֮зɹȻ˿ҡţȻмҲ˵ֲֵա
ҲǺ˵̬̫ˣŵЩͶģȱ仯״̬ɣ
Ȼ͵ŮǣеЩֲﾹȻû̬ȻǶŮȻڿ΢Ц
ţڴıǳŮӵ޴ڣǲֳ
ѽɣǺϲ裡̫ˣ
һŮЦڿһתƺϲĸо
κ춯û̽Щ˵ΪΪ֪һԼκжֻֻ
ã˿еĹˣ˲Ƴһ㣬жȻһŮӡ
ŮĸվһȺԵͤͤ񣬾Ө͸Ǵơ
һϮ̵ĳȹ£Ե޳£ͬһ㣬Ȼ˾£һ˫۾͹ߣȻˮĸо
Ů΢΢һЦԡڴо£ΧæΧһȦӣó˵ط
һ赸ԼƵģСǬ
Ů˵ʱɷ崿͸ż˵ķ顣
Ůӿʼ趯ʱΧѾһУֻǵɴ۾Ůӡ
аеֲҲƺûŮӾտ輼ˡ
̾Ϊֹ
ֻ⼸ݣֻŮӵʾȻףǲʳ˼̻Ů
ʣþʫҲ޷ֻ֮һ˵ʿ֮ȡ
֪ôˣ
һģȴֺܿ콫ⵣԺΪûκôġ
ŮֻӦУ˼ĵüؼ
аޣԭЩɱҲ֮ɢΪŮӸ˵ĸоǰ꣬崺磬Ůӣһǻˡ
Բɱʮħ֮ˣȴп֪ϸ
вȻȻǱţ׼ӵȴ˳Ҳ۲һǵ׻ʲô
Ůڿе赸ԽԽ죬ӯͬҶһ㣬ȻȻ̬ĸоڷ赸һͷںٲĳڿлһĻι켣
أҲ⼼ո߳ȻɵġǬ֮С
Ůһ边ȻһʱֹڿеĶȴظ赸ͬļһ㣬ΧЩҲ׷װĽ࣬Ȼ衣
ɽ֮У֣֮ƺеֲﶼΪ֮ݡ
Իһһ磬һҶһ
پԳһ磬ӦǴǧ磬治С
ŮһʱԺѾһƬհףȫĶŮӵϣȫУԼĿġ
ã
һȲƣȴԼǼ׳̬ǱȻ
˲䣬ŮѾһҿˡ
Ů˵仰ξȻƾʧڿУԻصԭ仯Ϊֲﱾ塣
Ϭһ˲䣬Ѿ˵·߼ˣȴΨŮӵͻȻʧ켣
ԭǱȴѾԷʶƣǱ仯α壬վڷŮ赸ĵط
УȻ߷ҷϢŮӵϢܹ죬ȴʮֺţ˻ᡣ
ڿκſ޵ǺŵζҲ
ɽͻȻĵģҲƺֹͣˣֻʣһڿС
ʱԼ·һ࣬ȻɽԵģʱ¹⽥͸ƲйʵɫɽһĹΡ


982 
¹£һ˸ֶӢݣȻʵҲѷŮӷչ¶ľɡ
ɽ֮УֲҲӵʶģںĴŮҲףʱͻȻԵر졣
ŮɣҪ㣡
ɽ˵֪Էõ¶׺͵Ц
˵˼䣬ɽ֮ȴκλӦ֮ԿЦһ
¹⣬ĻŻţǸϽɣҾҪɱˡ
˵Ͻɢһֿ񱩵ϢϢʼΧ֡
ɽȾȻκηӦʱҲʧȥģмǿĻɫ档
Ȼ˲ӣҾͽǳ׻ҾͲţֲεĻ棬޷ɽΪƽء
ЦеĻɫ˸ſֲʼԾš
ɫԪƺһ㣬Ȼ˷ܵԾЩȲչǿƻһ㣬ҲòСƿػɫ棬ΨһСı㽫ɽȵֲȫˡ
ţЩ仯εֲЩһΪǿ󣬳ǸųƹŮӣ˵ΪûС
棬ǻ
һٶŻɽЩֲߣĻһȺԩ޳ֲأ
еĻɫԽԽǿʱɽ֮ͻȻ˽
ÿֲĻ棬ҿ϶ס
ǰ֪᲻һ£
˵˭Ϊʲôô
һ۷׷״ţЩͷˣΪԷǸ쾹ȻϢڼԼҷŻ
ಣ
˽ɫķɽһһնһŲǷſԱ仯ֲ֮ߣһ㣬ǼǵΪι̡
䣡
һҽһ޴֦ѾɽնˣɫĻ濪ʼžӣƷǳȼա

ǿž̲ס޴ͻȻȻбĳ

ͻȻһˮǾ˴Ʊ̵ҺǾ֮Ͻ¡
ǰɣô̬Һ壬ʲô
д󾪣βɺʮɣû뵽ԼʹĻɫ澹Ȼ˲䱻Һ彽ˡ
ֱЩܵ飬Ҳû뵽ԼǿĻɫҲԿƵҺ塣
ֹˣǻϨҺѾĶ֣ȻǱʹûջٻնϵ֦⣬ʱȻָܿǰľ
л
ǿôм˵һз̼ˡ
ȣȣҾͲɱǣ
ЩջˣһǿĻɫ滯ΪһƬ𺣣ʼ·ֲֶȥ
˵ŵֶΣˣȴûбɫͷŵ
ڴʱһɫҺҲ֮ڿУȻԵĳɫ档
һ˲䣬ı˰أ˼û뵽ԼĻɫĿǡ
ɫȫˣʧһһܵЩ֮ȴѾЩˡ
򣡡
ĺȵ⴦ɽѾЩŭˡ
ʩչܹɵķӳǿʵ
У̽еĻѾʧΪڻ汻Ƶ£ԲԼƶ϶Էơ
ǻ汻ô
ܹΪɲȫƾʵѾﵽɺڣԣƾʵҲ޾ɽ֮еŮӡ
£ҵġҸһλᣬٲ֣ұ㷢ĳ׻ɽȣκκλڣ
ҧ˵һĶֲͬȻܹ̫嶯
Ҫ
ಣ
һͻȻƾճ棬Ůӣֻǣʱȴ¶˵飬һ˫΢΢ɣǺ΢΢һ̣¶һĨĿЦ
еɱ½˲٣٣ڳˡ
㵽ʲôˣȻڴɽռΪ
ƽʵֻöԷͬ׽ķһ㣬ƺʱʧ
ҽ׺һɽȣǧꡣǰ飬Ҫ˺ҵЩѣ
ŮӿʩĻش
׺⾳֣
ԷˣҲɱ⣬ʶ̽ȥȴ־Ȼ޷̽鵽ΪԣȻˣǱһ̷ʮɡ
ĪǰԻ
ʱдΪţΪݴ½ߣΣʤʱһ˺
׺ʮɣ΢΢ȻȻȴǷһֵЦЦɽ֮лصţһµĸо
ǰҪ£Ҳ˺ġ
׺΢Ц˵ΣһʱɽƣѾ˺ܶࡣ


983 
޷̽Ϊֻжֿܣһ֣ܹ赲Լ̽飬ڶ㣬ΪʵΪԼҪǿǵ͵ġԻ
һ֣Ըŵڶ֣ΪһֵĿ̫Сˡ
Ѳĸ֣αؽǰ
ʵһ̽
׺ǲÿɷ񣬵˳ƺðɣҾͳΪˣ˵Ǳ֮أϲ˴룬ȥ
һʷиԻˣŮӵʲôˣʩչԼɫַΪҲȥ
ãĿĲΪɱˣһ²Ҫѽɻ󣡡
ɫ˵ȴǾŶԷһԷжԼ׼ʮΪϡ
ѣ˵ɣ
׺ȻһЦЦʤգҲ΢΢һ
ɫǿգռɫ
а߶ΪԷʵ̫ˣԽΣҲ֮Ӵ
ħʮפǴУ뿪£ʮȫ֪ѿ֪µ顣
һŶԷ˫ۣһҲԸŹ˿
۾ĴڣȻǶôǿ޵ߣ˵ʱȻƽʱЩͬ
ԣ׺ȴϧ֮ɫǰ̾һƵ˵˵ʮħפ˵غұӦˣΪѡפ֮ɽ̫ǣҿһܵԱǡ
ϣһ죬֮ʱŨҵɱ⾪ңȵҸ֮ʱȴʮħѾ˴ڰгһɱ֮
Щʵ̫ǿֶηǳֻ̣ܹʹǣʹЩ˶Ҫʣ֮ˣǣҵķȴΪʵãץ񡣡
жһз˵ѵĿԣǱĻ
֪˺ֶΣҾȻ޷̽Ϊ
ֱʵ
ѣӵڲΪû˿̽ҵΪһ㣬Ҳ⡣
׺ش
ʣѵߣߣħأ
ȻҴ⣬ʵ
Ҳ֪ҲߣҲǰɣ
׺ãȻҡͷ˵
ڴﵽʲôΪ
ֱӣеûԷʵش
һǲ֪ʱֻڵΪʱӵڵΪеʱҲ֪ʲôΪ
׺شȻǲģЩǹ˵ԻԼ
ô⣬зɻˣöŮһء
ķЩץˣ뽫𣿡
ٴʵ
룬ʲôأҷԼΪûȶûʵȥȻط
׺ЦЦôȻҡҡͷ̾Ҳһ
ɼǵǵģ
ʵ׺֤ʣֻһԱҳ
׺ͷϸʮָڿнӡǣú󣬿ͻȻֳһ廯Ӱ졣
ӰУʮħʿܵţȻͻȻϸ΢ƿ֮
ߵĺƳ˽ƣȻʮħ֮Уһ仰˵չҰɱ¾
ӰԼĪһʱʮħȫһߵɱȴûһѡͶ
ĽֹȻͬ׺˵ķǰȥֹԷףһʼķȻǿƣ˲ס˶Է
ǣȴǳ֮⣬ӵǿƵ׺սʵ͵Ŀ£Ǿ߷ֻ˲һӱ㱻¡
׺չֳӰ֮Ѿ׺ĻΪӰ񲻴ٵĿܡ
ʮħ˽⣬ӰеıֺκӦñǵʱظ
һߣ˵һϤϵĽϡǵõģ˵
ˮʯˣɱʮħߵֱˣһһǱʦܺвʣȻʦ뿪ˣûס
ˣһҪʬΣ
ȭһԿԵĹը
ͼѾˣڿ뿪˰ɣ
׺ֱЩ⡣
΢΢һЦ˵ѣȻķҲѾЩץȥôǱӵйͬĵˡ˵ĵ˱ѣһֶԸЩаĵˣΣ
׺΢΢ȻЩҡˣȴҡͷܾѣлĺ⣬ɱ¾Ȼ׽ҵķôͲȥȻˡ£ڤڤ֮У⣬עҵķ׽Ԥϡѣ֮ǰұѾϵһƽ٣
׺˵жȤòޱȣĵһӵصķԿԼͷŵĻɫ棬ǰ˴νѣδҲ̫ˡ


984 
ȻѰǰѾ㵽һУΪβ֪ͨЩֵܣɱ¾֮С⣬ǺԵʣ
ʵɫ֮Щŭɫ
ѿˣ㵽д˴νѣȴֻ㵽δ㵽ʮħߡ
׺͵ҲΪЩħߵϵϧ
֪㲻õ˿̻ᷢʲô飿
еɱͻȻӿɢЩ̵ʵ
˭֪׺ȴǵȻһЦη֮ɫ֮̾ҲѲ⣡ԲҲй¶㣡
ôͱҲˣ
ЦԵͱˡ
׺˵ѣǸˣαо֮£
дź𣿡
侪ȴǲɫ
Ҫץң
׺ԼξʱвɻȻʣԭԭǰ׽Լ֮ˣ
Ȼ
ȻжЩֲȤԶԶ׺Ȥ˶ʧۣ֮ǽǺܲǵ顣
ðɣʵҲע飡ץҰɣҸߣֻǣɲڣΪһץң˱ϵһ𣬴ӴԺϦ
׺ֶԷĶξеһģһֻеӿǰȴ١
ǲɵ׺ߣ룬ȴֻץסһƬӡ
ߣ

ѣɷǵʱ䣿
׺Ц˵
һʱ
˵㳯ǶڷȥٴλûΪ׳̬ȴ˼ԷĶԻ
ˣŮѵֲûβɣΪʲôôأ˵һץ˾һ⵽ʲô˼һ˵أҪץ͵ͬ
Ѱ˼ţȻԳЦʲôɹʲôãȻѾץˣǾͼȥ
ڷŵӰУҲץŮӵģȴû˵Ļ
֮ҪץȻΪӵڶܣ֮ˣֲܹｻԣʱȥоһС
һʱ׺ٴڿһչտˣһԼĪһʱһ˲䣬׺ֻ΢΢һЦȻûһֻĺ
û뵽ԼȻ˿ʵʩȱ仯ֶΣǱ仯ЧԼı仯֮Ҳ޼
ಣ
ɽ֮з˳Ů仯ɺͣδԽƬɽ

׺Ԥ⣬ʱΪһֻ׳棬Ȼ̲סг
Ҳڱ仯
׺𾪵ʵȻѸٵı仯˼׳̬仯ļ׳һ޶
һأҲֻɺϰˣߣ滨ҪŭˣҾ׷ٲ㣬ǻǵƬɽȣߺߣ
׶в
ͬʱûΪ׳̬ŵɽзȥԼĪһʱ󣬶˲ųʮħ֮ء
ķѾʮħĹǻҳڵ£һ޴Ĺ顮ʮħ֮Ĺ
߳ڴˣķܿ뱾Ϊһ׺ҲΪα塣
׺׽ȴЩ֪ΰΪ²͸ΪóȻУҪܵԪɣǿ൱Σյ顣
׺Ҷ㲢޶⣬ֻǶܺ棡ԣϣ㲻ҪҵɵˣһΪѣȻط
΢Ц˵оԼƺЩ˽ˣȻʹֶΡ
Լ˲һ׺ҪǱ׽ȥôĺǿԲ³ֵġ
׺׽ʵϣԼΪѡ
Ѳؽ֮ͣʲôˣҲ֪һ
׺ҲЦ˵һЦǷ֣Щֵס׵
ҲԼ׺ƺǿ΢ЦʱǾþ޲ϣȼʫ˵ĸоҪ١
ã֪ʲôˣ
Цʵ֪ԼڶԷеʲôӡ
׺ͻȻ˫ۣȻ˫ڿнӡǣ˫۾ȻΪɫĹ⣬ʮֹ졣
аæܶԷ׼֮ʱȴ׺ɫ˵赣ģֻʹáͨ̽ĹȥδΣգ
ǣһڿƽȻȻ׺
׺ġͨ·͸˵һ㣬ע£оԼЩΣƺܶܶ˫ۿˡ
ѣĹȥ
׺˵ͬʱʮָѾƿջһӰӰ˫ۼҪɳۿ
ƾɵķӣˣʱһ΢΢ձ⽹ȥдʣô
ⳡûΪʱδȴԲ³Լ֮ǰĳ


985 
лգһƬƻƣͻȻһɫĹԼٶǴӣȻһϲ
׺Щ˵ȻԽԼĹȥͼչֳԷʱɲΧȫƾģʵ൱ˣΪͨ
ѸлţһСкڱ䳡޴ʯͷʱǲѣһˣͯ¡
׺彥΢΢ƺʹͨ̽ΪǻҲܽеľһһչ֣ȻȽصĻȻ𺳲ѡ
ĸ飬ʦеõûؼҽףʱ׼ӣݺᣬһ˫ϲĳˡ
ĸһԲ۽ǵˮȻһѱڻУ̲ס˷ܵĿʱүүοЦд򸴺үʵڲⱲֵܵõģֻүܹкõĳϢȥҲԹ޻ڡ
үүҪ˵ֻһŬ׬ӣչ˼ͥġףĸףǷģ˵һӱŬϰ䣬ԺõĽڵ٣
ظ˵˫ӯˮȴûе
ȫҶˣΨûпָ֮ɫССʮֲ
лչ֣ΪŬһ˴լӣȻҳΪׯһҡ
ѣļͥҺĽ
׺ɫĹ۾ͻȻһˮһȷ׺
ٴתһȴʦͽ֮飬ҪӣȻҲ˾Ʒӣ֮Уĳֵ࣬ʮĻ棬ʦͽ֮ĵбѾȫֳ
Ҳ˵ĸоЩ£Լжã飬ʦͽԼΪʱǨЩõٴγԼǰָоЩ졣
׺˵ڶˮȻ̽Ĺȥţʼڻ֮УȻȵҲ
һԣǺЦһĻĻ·ƷζԼĳɳ̡
˵һȻЩں֮˵ķˣȨ죬ɵй˿һ·̹;ʵȻΪֻҪˣۣ˥ϣ𽥵Ĺ
ȻֻǷ˵̡޵߶ԣȻвͬǣ󲿷޵Ŀֻأж޵߿ӹֽ
޵ߵͨҪĶ࣬ȻҲԸ࣬޵߶ԣǸḻһΡ
츳ˣ֮࣬ЩУȴһ顯֡
֮ˣԣʮַḻģ飬ʦͽ飬һһչ׺ǰ
ʱ׺ʹáͨ̽ƬΣ׺Ҫ̽ʱȴڵĹޣЩܹ֡
׺ҲЩţʹáͨȥ̽飬Ƕôǿ޵ߣԻԼǰչ¶ܣδƣ̬֮
Ķд׺ɫ죬Ȱ⡮ͨȻ棬ˣϢһɣ
Ҳۣʮֺĸģ
׺Цĺܴ档
һԭ׺ͨԣǱϿô档
̽ҵĸɣ
оЩ飬ΪӵеŮԶԶֹһԷһŮ˿һУֲʡ
׺֮âʢҪ̽ĸ̣˫ڿнӡǡ
һᣬȴʲôͼûзϲΪʲô¶ڶԷǰһҲûУʵ̫ˡ
ô̽鲻ɣܺãҪľЧǺǣ
ɵЦĳڳ׺Ĳ
Ҳ̽鲻
׺ϧ̽飬˫֮еĹڴʱʤ
Ƭ֮ҡҡͷΪԷȻ޷̽Լĸ̡

ĸأðɣҾ̽δԺ󵽵׻Ϊηʥ
׺ٴʩչͨΪ̽δԭ̽ʱܼ򵥣Ȼ̽δ׺ȴʲôҲ̽鲻
֮ͨ߾磬δ
׺չ˸ǿһ˲䣬ΪȻɺڵ״̬վǰҲܵ˾޴ѹ
Ϊô£Ϊʲôһﵽڣһִﵽɺ־磬⡭
Щˣ츳˾ĿɿڴһȴԼĿɿڴͬʯ˵ĵܡ
һӰڳ֣ȴһĴ⹬Ĵõݻʮ㣬ȻлһŽλ֮ϣλķǶž޴ʯıƣݻʧɡ
Ȼ󣬹гһȺˣЩŮ٣ɷ֮ˡ


986 
Уһģ˸ڱ֮ϣΧǼɫŮһ̺ȻһӺݻ֮ŮӻС
Χɫ޲ȴû˸ֱӱ֮ϣױ²⵽ˣ˱ǹϴ󣬿Լʲôϵ
ͣ
׺ͻȻһ³һѪҺѪҺȻɫİɫҺ壬΢΢ͣȻ롣
ͻȻжϣʱæȰѣ֧ϢһᣬΪ̽ҵδˣһⲻȥġ
ʱֻ̽ԺԶҲûлˡһȴֻܹʹһΣʱ޶ʮʱڣʮʱٶͬһʹãᵼ³ԣҪ̽δ
׺͸һ˿ᶨٴʩжϵĻ
һӰͻȻڹ֮У޲ȣȻһǳ
˺
һͷʮ˷׷׳ǵӰΧȥ
ʱ˵ɫѾɰױ죬ɺϣĿ⾹ȻЩ͵Ǹ֮͡
֮ͱȻǱӰȴٷְٿ϶Լֻ˭أ
Ѿҹȥⱦڹ鱾
һֱǵ̨ҲЦˣ뿴ᷢʲôȴͻȻӰʧˣ
׺һͻȻʧȥƯڿеȻ泯ˤ
˽׺ͻȻԣԵЩ⣬Ϊ޵ߺٻִᷢӿеľ̬һζ
ಡ
ûü룬ɹȥס׺壬֮һƬỬвɰԾȣ׺ͬˮһ㣬ƺûйͷ
ʱ֣һԥʵʵĽ׺֫
׺׻ˣü΢壬ƺڷŵʩ״̬ǾµҲɰ޾ݾŮ
ʩ׺ƽڿУȻЩΣ׺ҽ֮ж룬ʱֻԲѣѵȥڣ
СĽ׺֮УȻȴͬʯ󺣣Ȼ˿ĻӦ
ðսǳ֮׺֮ʱȴҲֻܹղŵˣȻ޷֮ѡ
ʳָԭʼЧķ̽׺ıϢк絽ָϣȷ׺ֻǻˡ
׺Ȼ̽鲻һᣬҲûж׺Ϊ档
ɽƣȻ׺ڿУʼһһߵȵ׺һץʱ
ڵΪѾ޳˶ɷڵɷκνչ
Զɷڲ֮أûаٷְٵİա
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ڵġǹɶɾžؽʱĻȻڴڡ
ʱ㿪ʼ⣬ںлмԪ֮壬ɣ޳ɷ𵤣Ȼ
ǣЩϵԪ֮УȻһɵɡ
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ɷɹζŵɷѸٵĳɳ
ʼʹ֮ɷΪһ壬һΪǿʮ
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ʱ䣬УҲֻܹȴҿ϶ڹȥ˶á
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˵˫׺ͻȻ֪ƶؿ֮ϡ


987 
Ƕȥǲӿ椿ǳһأ
Ǹ߸¡ȹ˵еЩ嶯뽫֮һ̽
⵱ȻֻYYˣڴʱ֮ΣֻȥȴҲôŻԵΪԼܶ鷳
罫ͻɽȣ
ðͷתһ룬Ϊ̽Լδԣô˵ԼҲΡ
ˣȻΪҶԣǾͽţһֱչ˵ΪֹʫôСɣ
Ѱ˼ţȻʹʫɢ֮Уڿбٶȳڷȥ
һ֮ˣֲռˣֺֻܹķķʽС
ڵΪĵԺԲƣֻһԵŮħ֮УȷʵЩעĿ
ħʹòѰʮħģʮħ󣬲Żԭɱòڷһʱ룬ǽĿ仯ħʹģ
ǣһòĴ󺺴һɫŮڿзУЩˡ
ʮ𼱵飬ǲڿ˲ƵģΪ˲ԷжǸΣյġ
ھô꣬ԽײʹȫΪԴ׺еٶȲر졣
ھݷ޶ģǱΪ˶Ͻʹ׷һֻʹµķ˲ٶȣ׺УȻӹߵ̽顣
ŷ˼ʱһˮ̶ͻȻһƬɫĹĻķ·ϡ
ֻѸٵķɹȥ׼ٶȳԷֹĻơ
˵͵ײɫĹĻֱײǹĻֻһ¡죬׺͸ɫĹĻ
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΢΢ͣһ˲䣬̶һȻȥ
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ಣ
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˶׺ѿڶ
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ȵЦ
㣬ҪŮӣҲҪϷŶԣ
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磬ǿʳʱ˽Σյ׺ʳʳ֮ǰΪǵǿ߱Ѿʼһᡣ
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Ȼôƽߣǵǿʳ
ƺȫΪǵִ
ִ֮ķʽͨҲͬС죬޷ȱϸţȻɣΪԴжϡ
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Щ죬ȵһ룬Щ̿ķһЦ
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ߣǶһϷҲţĴѾˣʲôѵǻר½㲻ɣ
мЦ


988 
ߵĳеĹһͳЦ죬ûڵ˵ķ
λðɣ˵ʮ֮һڵΧϷڻϣҪϷǱֻ·һ
ڱݣöͬʱüϾʮ֮һҾڸ
ߵ֮⣬Ƕȴû˺˰벽ЦԭڵģϷ󳬼֮һı¹֮ˣڵĵѵøһ𣿡
ѾȻǱ¹ȵģ
߾ȴǿʼˣԭǱڵŻˣ˭֪ȴʵǿı¹ȡ
ʮ֮һ󳬼֮һʵϣпɱ
߲û׼ɵΪʱĿҪǸŮӣԮ
ϵЦܵɪϾ¹ȵſɲǸǵģң¹ȵţ˻кУԲ϶ŮѾԼ֮
дĦű¹ȵʵʱȻˣӶʧȥζȡ˵Ļᡣ
һ˯е׺˯Ȼ飬ЦЦ
ŮӺϣ
׺ľɫݣҲĪ㺣οأ
ΪŮӶչڲĽȫԤ֮С
ʱΪʾڴ˳ڣǲ˷ԭڡ
ԽǿȫˣһΣ˷ʤȽϲֱ氲ȫǱΣյĽɫҪǿЩʵΣеߡ
˵ĶԻǸ֮ʱа̾ãθһӣһҲδɡ
Ǹ͸¹ȵʱʵ̫СˣǼһ²δ֪¹ѾϢǰ۹⣬Ϊ¹ȵݾţˣ
ֻڵΪƾʲôأ죬̵ʲôˣ
аš
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ͬʱ߳Ȼñĵˡ
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˵һۣش¹½ʹʵƾϷڵΪ˵ǶҲãҲգʵǲţȴҸ緢ϢΣ
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Ųţˣԣظʹߴ˷Ϣˣ
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ȻˣŮӸϷߣǾ͵ʲô鶼ûзȻ֪ġ
˴ʱٲȻһʤӮңЦΪá
ðɣϷ
ȻĹֵ
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ܺã椣ϷҪˣ
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Ϊʱ¶ΪֻǴ˳ڣԣ˶ûΪ
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ǶҲһ޼ɵ͵ЦֻƺҪһϷΪ޷ŮӵӾ
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ˣȻĿͣϣղԱڵߡ
ҲЩԨԴʱһ֮ģԶЦ֮ˣǱٽһǰﱾˣ


989 
˻һ˾ǾЩ˼飬ʱ˲ŷָûѯһݣʱҲƽ֮
д󾪣ΪԷ˵ţûмֱ»Ą̊́˭ڶԼ˵
ǣб˼־⣬æȭ֪γƺʲôԨԴ
Сʻ괬߿ɲɵӣʱȻ˵
ˣ
΢Ц˵һ仰˶вʲô߶Уȴƽһף߼Ҫڵء
Ҳڼ˽֪֮һ֮ڣȴڣʿȡ
ɻԼȫֶͬʱߵˣ
ͨ
߹ڿУ𾴵ڣȻæǰ֪ˣе֮ǰŵķϣСһ
㶵ڵĳϾȻǴ˳ڵļһͷҿڳǰ
⣬δ̫ˣ˭Ϊʲôƣ˲˼
ѵûô˸ҽб١֪ô˰ɣ
˵˫۾ͬǳһ
Ѹٵ˼ţ˱ʹߵɽҲǿ
ʹҪڣڱɾڸֻҪڣʱڱڲڡ
лǰ䣡
˫֮ɢŨŨɱ⣬в֮
д󾪣æ˵ôѵҷϢʹ𣿵ʱűٲ֮ء
ߣҪвϷǰڣʹΣǰʹҲ
˵Сһۣ΢΢ͷһ
γ֪ԻѹԼԼˮʱʹ߹ԼΪҲý鶥š
˼ҲһһΪ룬Ϊһ㣬Ųƽϡ
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пϲΪԼԱҲõʹߵвʵžԵŵġ
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ҲɻΪʲôԼܲϢûһлӦʱһѰ˼мĻ
лǰ£ԸΪǰЧ֪ļһɱ
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Ǽ֮ǰ˻βˣֻõ˶ϢţʱűΪǳ˯Ůʵ̫ƯԲһ·׷ٶĿıƾʹߵĹϵѹˣȻ˹顣
ǣòҪϷϷھ͸ʹ߷Ϣڣ¹ȣɶᱻҶնɱġ
ɫ˵һ˫ӵɵԲҪɳۿ
ûᷢϢˣ
΢΢һЦȻּ㲼һƣֻǵȴҲ㹻롣
Ȼǰ
ʱ֤ʵݣиҲѣԷһһܹͬðʧж򣬾֪ôġ
øղվӪ򣬺룡
ҲڰңϵЦҡ
֮û̸ʹ߷ϢʵǲΪʹɣظ֡
ǣԥ֮䣬ԷȻʹǿĽƣ֮УﻹܹϢԣһѾ˾֮С
ðǰ׼ɣ


990 
Ψͷ̼ɽ׼ˡ
ͬɽ֡
˵ʵ֮ϣ˷֣ȻҪʹñս
˱ѡı仯Ϊ壬Ȼס˵ơ
ɱ
ȵȻϾĹս
һռһƵ£Զ
ƴ֮£չֱ󣬾Ȼ֧һʱᡣ
ֻսپͬʱ仯Ϊ壬ǣⳡսκԡ
ǰļˣͻȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬Щ˺ôҲǴڵԪ֮壬Լ˵òǺܴ󣬵ȴԼ͸ʫõ
ʫĿǰ״̬ɴڼԪ֮Ҳܹ֮Ϊһ츳뼼ܽϵļܣһĹ̡
꣬˵Ѿڣ屻ɱˣԪ֮ӵԪԱҲұȵֻ̫ܹŻԴ
ǱϷϷֻܹѡԪԱˣʧȥ壬Ѿǳ־壬ʱǾδΪȻʮǿԪ֮ܵԷ͵Ϯ
ǶЩΪѵһΪͬΪߣһԷʹԪԱвǾͺɱԷ
Ѿ˵ľ֣һһץ
˵һɴԼԪ֮壬ʵֲ̫ˣһ㶣Ԫ֮ȴֱӷɵС
ǿٶҲǳ֮죬˿ʼʱΧͻȻðһֲֿĻ档
ֻɢϻɫ棬ȴ㹻ƴߵԪ֮ˡ
ҪңҾԪԱˣ
˴ʱľѾáҡʼƺԼˡ
СӣղŲǽб١ԪԱ׼ԡ
ٺЦЦһ˼ĵѣԪԱġ
Ҳ߯޳ܣԳģƾɣȴҲ˿֮ͬġ
ھвȻ׼Աһ飬㷢Լ޷ԱԪ֮ʱһƬǷ֮ɫ
Ԫ֣ܿأԸ
ʱһǱ¹ȵˣЦ¹ȵ쾹ȻϣֻܹԼˣ
ǰ
˴ʧɫ֪ԼղŰˣȴȻҪɱԼ
ǰ㲻Ҫɱңǰ˵ұ¹ȲɱΪ¹ȵӣֻ뽫Ϊɱܹӣ㵽ʱǰɱңҲź
˲νȻԸԵһΪɶ֮ˣɿΪڸǰӮúøУӶӹһ١
һӦòǱ⣬ȴ˵ĿװӲǰȣӦûһ
ôѰ˼ţʱȴ¶صЦ⣬Ȼ󷢳һ󳩿ĴЦ
ϣ㾹ȻȸеƷ£Ϊӷ緶ƽؾӣ֪ǱһֽΪ¹֮˱أ
ƽʵ˿ϣ˫˸˸ĺһڿ
˵һ˲䣬Ȼ󹧾ǰ²̰֮ˣǰηŹһµ߾ȫ̽Ϣǰ¹ȣȻ̽˭ɱһ֮Աôµϵ󳬼ɣԼߴ֮ˣԳϿ֮Ϊ¹ȱѩޣô½ƾǰ
Ѫԣٺ͡ƾڵΪƾʲôôѰˣһ޷Ҫһ
ЦʵֻҪһŵɫ䡣
ҲЩȻʱ˵ַĵүϣֺڽģһҪ߾ȫɱ֣Ⱳ޷ñֺ齫
ģȻǰģѪ˿һϸĿ죬ҳ֣ǰµЧôǰԸһʱڣʱڻ޷ñԸǰǰڣ
ݼ˵ǺסϣϾУ֮
ǰԣǰ⿪
ϾȻΪ顣
׳գ
аȴЦȻڳϰ飬Ǿáپһޣ
˴ϲæ˵лʵ֪ǰ¶ʱޣ̫̣¿»û̽˵ϢǰΪ
ؾӣ仰ûαӣͷǳһˡ
ֵüνôپһΣ֡ڣҪϵɰ¹ȣǳ룡¹ǿʱȻҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬£ΪɰֻһЩΪ鷳̱㽫ɱ


991 

лǰָԽ²ȥѰɰˣԼ
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ֻһ·ԼΪôĺĳˣֻǶ֡ĸû𣬷أǷԣ
΢΢ϵЦΪĪ⡣
ǰ¾Բ̰֮ˣֻҪǰҳ֣¾㱻ɱҲԹ޻ڣԵ¹ȡ
˵ڵ߶жȦ졣
Ŷô˵ȥҲ·һǲ籾ɱ㣬Ҳ㻹Ҫʹࡣ
һת˸Ȧתˡ
ʶ֮æԼǰſ˵һޣǰسŵ
ŶȻǱٸޣףҵ֣ǰһ˿һĿ־壬ٱɱ㣬ף
Ȼ˵
ǰģ˵㻰һսʤ־壬ڳǰҲĸԸ
ֻװӲϵúƣҲûϵԷʵһֱԼ
ðɣʱ֮ڣΣ
΢Ц˵׼ԷɫĬһ仰˶ԭء
ǰһʱڿЦɣ
ʵ
ñں㿪Ц𣿡
ɫ˵ŭŵо޲û뵽ԷֻԼһʱȫ֮⡣
ǰҵˣǰֻ°ʱҲ޺
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ôҲԻѣ֪ôģȻֻʱȫϳ
Ǳ˵Ļ𣿰ҵ֣ðɣҳϣұɱ¹֣
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һҪ򶨣϶ǿЦġ⣬ܣ
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ͣȴͬ˴һ㣬ǰǰ
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˿ɥ˵û뵽龹Ȼ˹죬ڣԼ֤Ƿ¸ңɶԷǳˣ¸Ҳûκôˡ
Ҳ˵סʵѾһͬڵԼɱ¹֮˵ʱô˵ֻһ֣޽⣬ǣľ֮С

󣬲ֹסЦûֹЦĸΪ
Цʲôѵ±Ҳһɱ𣿡
һ仰㽫ŵĵ棬ЦҲ͸Ȼֹæһסͣҷ
ǺǣҿЦģԭĵôСţ
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Ҳ㹻סߣ߹Ļش⣬ȻҵȥԶˣҲɸ̾ճɴ꣬ҫʱ
ԭĿ󣬴׺ֱ壬һΣȻϢķأûо֮ˡ
ʫ֮ͻȻӦǰǱֹͣ
磡ԭˡ
ʫ΢ЦȻ㿴һŮӣŮӾȻޣʫҲɿĴסˡ
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ʫõʵǺԵģΪ׺ò㹻ľ
ŶҼġ
ЦŻش
˾ɫŮӣģ
ʫҡͷ˵ȻЩš
Щ֪νͣ˵ʫʫҽݣϢɣ
ʫЩˬȴǵͷסŮӣһİŮӵòԼй֮޲֮ѹôƯŮӡ


992 
׺봲Ϻʫ׺ƺûйͷһ㣬̫ˣ½ĸ첲ˡ
磬ôˣ𣿡
ʫرСŮӣʱΪأɫʵ
˵ǧԴŶ
ʫ뻳УȻ㽫Ůӵʵ棬һ˵һʱ
֪ʵʫеĴС˲٣ЩͬӣȻôʱ䡣
磬Զֵΰ죿
ʫѯʵ
˵ĻҶ𣬾ԣҲԴչ۶ãһֱɣ
˵ȻʫҲչԺҲ鷳տһ
һúչģһŮӣǸˣҲϲ
ʫǺЦϵ󣬶Ů֮Ҳȫİʱ˵ⷬʵ
еģô죬Ϲ˵أ
װɵЦʫҲһЦ
ˣ֪õԼ֮ڻжã
ʫͻȻʵ
죡
ҲıشΪǰѾʱ䣬֮󣬱ľս֮ڡ
֪мְգ
ʫЩǵʵΪ֪ݺɲǿЦġ
˵Ķע˶٣˭Ӯ˽ȡȫƿأ˶ȫԸ
ʫȻϣܹӮԺΪһˣҪΪūԼԿ
ʫʫмְգҵȻ˵ʮɰգΪһֱԼųġΪֻ֪Ѿ˶Ѿһս¹˭֣һлԤϵġ
ɫƽ˵оһս¹شԼԲܹ˿и
һͿ⣬ǡЩ󣡡
ʫ뵽¶һ˿εĿЦԽΪǡ
ʫʫġѾ˶ɷɷҲѾԶˡʱ䣬֮ǱҲ޳׺Ͱչˡ
Լɵڶɷܸ֪ʫΪΪԼġ

ʫϲӣÿʵЩţʲôʱĵڶɷٶô˿죡ѵһɷô
ʫУΪֻһɷԲŵĲѣ֪ΪչѸ٣˲١
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׺ںȺιȥˣΪʹáͨ̽̽һ޵ߣҲֱӻԹȥ
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׺ĸΧһУɫâԼԪ֮кܴʱаϲװԡ
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׺װԣʫҲǷ֮ѾѸٵķɵ㣬ΪһԵˣôܻϸ΢ƶأ
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994 
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ȻʱǶʫ־Ŀ飬ڶ״̬£ÿǰһԵ쳣ѣһֳʱͣͣɿܶʧܡ
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997 
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磬ʲôߣ
ʫȵʵ
̾ǲ߶޷ȷΪʱǿʱȴǲһˣѾˡ
һŮ𣬡ǹˣɲҪ˵ҵĻŶ


998 
׺Ϣٴγڽ֮УȻǶʱ·Щֲİ£ɵĶݻˡ
ʱҲ׺ִ͸ƵҪֲûκֲ޷͸ơ
˼ˣѾˣҲҪԴչˡԣڿˣȥҶ
ƽ˵Ȼϣ׺뿪ȴֻܹ˵
ʵ˵ҲܹݣȻ£ǲԼô˵ûô
ʫ΢ȵƺ׺뿪
׺һڵĹȴΪǸֵΣ˾֣ξȻˣҲעġ
Ϊ׺ʹá֪ͨ̽ĴΪˣµԤ⻭棬׺ޱȷδʮ־ʶȤ
һԭǾ׺̽飬һԢԱйأһӴԺ˱أ׺Ը뿪Ҫ뷨
˵ץʱ˵Ļһץңҵ˱أˣˣǲΥġ
׺Ȼ˵ƺ˿ͦء
΢΢һЦ֪ŮҪԼˣ֮˵ЩΪȻ
Ҳ죡ˣֻΪ˵ūǻһʮֿɱ飡һнڤڤ֮ѾעôǺαôȥαԼΪǿ󣬸ɴ಻ÿһԴסСȻ˾һҪɣ˵Ľͣʲôɣÿ£һɽ磿
ġҲ졯棬˵ĶŮ˼
һҲ죡Ǵ治Ļ˷ıģÿ˵һĻ˱᲻ϵĸı䡣
׺ΪȻѵ֪ˬԼ
׺˵Ȼͬ
ãѵû˵ΪΪУΪλҪνˣ
ʫ˵һϣΪȻͬĿ
׺ͷȴҡҡͷ̾Ϣ˵ʲôڤڤ֮أ
Ե֣
ԥĻشȻ˵׺ô˵Һʫǲ֮ˣǿ˾ԼУǱζ⣬ߵûһ߻ϲԵĴԼŬΪ
׺Լ׷ȫͬ̾ϢŲȴˣΪԤ֪δͱ磬̽ʱЩһʵֵģˡ
Ҳţ
ֻ˵֣Ȼ㱣ֳĬʫҲֻЦЦ
׺Ҳʲô˵ӽ쿪ʼһ㣡һֱΪֹΪҵˡ
ʫһۣͬʱΪ׺Ļ𾪣⵽ֻ׺µĽڡ
㣡
ƽ˵ȻһɫʱѾµһ죬ɽϵֳһ˿⣬˵Լ֮ѵȥԼ
ʫƿõɽƺαѾʧ
㣬Ҳȥսɣ
׺΢Ц˵ȥʫ֡
ʫƾץסԼ֣ȴЩ⣬Ϊ׺Ϊ£֮˵ֻΪεĽڡ
壬ƿŨŨĻҰɫѸٵסɽ壬Ũնסˡ
嶥Ͽգϵĺ۾ȻΧɫı䣬ΧС
ֹϵսףƤɫҲڸı䣬ı͸ͬǳɫһ㡣
ɽ֮ϣȻ֮У㱸ͲڣεѾȫںһ
ʫ׺ҲЯַϿգȴһ˲ʧȥϢ
ѾһĨ⣬⿪µһ죬ҪɢɽϵŨȴһʱġ
ڴ˽ľۼ֮ϣȴŽԼս
һɽ崦ʱҲգ֮ɫ
ʫЩɻô̵ʱȥ˺δô̽鲻κϢ
ʫʹʶ֮̽Ȼ޷ӦĴڣɻʵȥˣ
ֻǽ㻹ûѣ
׺һ仰ʫľѣ⵹Ǿ֮ǾԼ޷̽鵽׺ȴǿ̽鵽
ʫ׺Ϊʵܵͣȴкܶ˵
һᣬʫѾڶ֮Уȴһڣ
ѵҲ֪
ʫ¸ɻˣ׺ʵô֪


999 
׺صЦӵĸӦԿԸӦĴڡ
ʫͷԽС׺ʱȴʹһɫĹâȻʼе
ϧΪƳСС˿Щ⣬ʫȴ֪˼Ǿһܸ
һᣬĿʼɢҲĿʼڡ
˼ڵϣû˸ʱգֻŮĴڡ
㣬ôû֣Īս
ЩżʵеΪǣΪϢķⳡս˻ƲΪ
ӦսûУɣ
аۼԼѵΨټ
Ѿˣֻ̽鲻Ĵڣ
ʫЦΪַе
д󾪣ԼôڵΪ޷̽鵽Ĵأδ̫ˡ
αչ֮õջʫջ񣬴ʱɺڵΪУȻֻ׺һ˿ԸӦĵ
ǿͬ޵ǰΣζſԽͬΪɱ
ʵڳɢ֮ѾʹñμУڼ޷̽鵽Լ٣ɾʵʩһ󵨵ļƻ
˷׷ųգеȴľһսȻûзΣһȴȻµĵȴţ·µһ֡
ȻڿУ㲻ɢƣ͸Ҳ߲˿Сӡ
ʹʲôַΪʲôڵʶ޷̽鵽˿Ϣ
Ѿʹɢ˿еŨڽ䱸ȴȻĸо
ʫΪĪǿϲȻ֪һսпܻܣܹķڷܹһ¡
ʱУʫתǾ޴ģѾһΪ㣬һ㣬ʫԼûз֡
ԲĶ֣Ѿˣעģ˿Ըı䣡
׺ͬԤԼһͻȻˣʫҲɰľԺ˫ͻֱɱ⣬ԥòý߾ȫԴƳ׺Ԥԡ
ֻһǴ׺Ķԣ׺ȴƺһҲ⣬صĶЦЦ
С̬ӽԴαչسƺϢһȡ˳Ľ
һɣʮɣаԾϲܹǱ˽ķΧ֪ȫġ
һ˿ɻ֮ɫƺ쵽ЩԣָоԽԽǿҡ
㾹ȻǱʮ֮
תһĿ˵
ˣ
Ԥϣνֳԭα塣
ʮɣ߶ԣȻһʺɱľ룬ҲѾܽˣܹǱʮɷΧڣǽֱӶγв
ֳκƽ֪Լŵ뷨̫ˡ
һߣΪﵽһľ磬һ̽鷶ΧһϢⷶΧڻᱻ̷֡
̽鷶ΧߵΪ츳ֱӵĹϵڵжһȦٶȺܿ죬ȴûбκ˷֣ζſϢǱɱκһˣڵ
ĸֶԣƻȴЩвֻܹͨѰЩƣһʮ֮⣬ͻȻ䲻Ĺƣڡ
Ҳ㿪Цˣ죬һ㣬ķڷ
˫ֱȭƽ˵
ҪˮҲŵ޾죬һԽܵ衣
߶ԣԷȴöԷ֪ص裬᷸˵ͼĴ
㲻ҵĶ֣ȥǣڲǣҲǣ죬ҵ£
Ȼ˵һʼȻƴ˿·硣
Щˣǰ츳Լȹһκܱҵʱ䣬ڣǴʱ̡
ǣÿɷЦЦȻ˵˵ƾб¾ʵ֤ɣڣҽ½ƣ뼸֤˰ɣ˲ϣ
ͷЦҲý˵޳ܰɣ䣬Բˣ
һ·ĻӶһȺ˾Ȼһɴա
ЩڵʮλԼЩȻлΪԽڹսϲѣΪⳬֵս˶ԣһá
Щȴһ⣬ʵ̫ʱڽ֮йսΣյģԲô򵥡
ڵĵȴ֮󽫿λǰս̣


1000 
ϵ˵·ŵһ˲ڵɽͷ΢΢
ٶȷǳ֮죬ֻգ֮䣬˱Ѿһİ֮ء
Ȼܱ岼õĽƣõĽ򡣡
׺˵ΪռΪŹ֣оȻûκڵϢȫɫʯͷûκֲ
׺ûֲĴˣӦԶݳ˰ɣ
׺һۣЦЩء
Ϊʲôû뵽أȻ׺ֲﴩ͸ƣôʩչʱûκֲһ׺ƾʲô͸ƣ
ʫ˫۷ų⣬ٴαĻ۷
׺ԣ˫ֽͻȻȭʩ񣬾ϵȻһЦЦ͸ż˵Ʈ
ŮһЦǣ׺ѾͻŮĽޣǡ粻ʳ˼̻ŮһЦ˵Ŀ⣬һƣ㹻Ϊ֮
۽ǵעƺŹκμϸ΢뿴׺ǵЦηӦ
ǾһЦŵڳѾֳմı飬еļŮҲΪ׺Ц۷
ʫ׺࣬ʱǡһĲӣҲȻӿЩļʡ
ŮνǿΪ׺ʵھ˫㱻ЦӰľƽ͡
һ˲䣬˫۳˶ݵ룬ȴǺܿĵֻȻΪ׺һЦ޲ѡ
΢΢еĴ˲ǣȴû˿ıֳ׺ĵŨ
ƾ׺һЦѾԼⲼõĽҲ޷ס
׺ƺ²⵽뷨΢΢ͷ˿ȴ׺ü۴顣
׺ĴϻۣȻˣƽ˵ڣһսλǼ֤ˣ˻վԶһ㣬ʫʫ˵İΣͽˣ
磬İɣһᾡչ˺ǵġ
ʫͷ˵
ҲԼȻһս¹ش˭˾ֻܹΪԷūһ㻹𣿡
аһսֻӮ⣬еĶע漰ϡ
ҰˣΪū󣬲֪δң
ʵ
ƺ˼ɫˣҵļƻܼ򵥣Ҳһɱ㣬ҲһԶʧǰԣȰ㲻ҪäĿԴȫԸսΪ㲢ûʮİջʤ
һû뵽ھս֮ǰע⣬ԵģΪʫȰ⣬Ѿûǿʤ
ǰԾԵʵܣԼĽ£Լһһū
أ
ʵ
ԳЦЦԼܼ򵥣ˣƾҴˣȻҲƾ㴦ԪԱҲԹԵ
ʱŷ֣ⳡսԼȫԸܻܿʧȥһУΪԼ޷пܱ֮ա
ʫʫ㣬Ǹջǰ˵Ļ
ʫЦ
ʫͷͰЦصǸȫȥսɣ
ӮˣǲǿҪκ£
Щרעʵ
Ȼ
ͷαչǰͻƺ󣬵оųɰգϻ壬ʮɵİա
ãӮˣϣٴӦҶһҪʫһҺãڶҪ׺
ᶨ˵˫ֱ
ʫ΢΢һЦԭѾǰͬˣսʤҲֻԣûκѶȡ
ʫע׺ʱȻ̬оȻɢصЦ⡣
Ҳᵽı仯˸߰ŮҪǰƺЩ̫ܡ
һҴӦ㣡ڶȻЩ԰쵽ҲӦ㣬ֻҪӮңκ£Ҷɡ
һ˵ʤѾﵽ壬ɢŵЦ⡣
ɣһսɣ
ĺƽʼʽǿ

ˣһѾݳ֮⣬Ϊ֪˵սͬСɣɢƣս֮˱ɿ޷ʫҲܵס
Ǵ֮ˣܿ˼ҲԶ
һǰһĶԶ֮У˸նɢʱ֮ҲսϢ
ಣ
ϵĺۺʼ仯ɫ𽥵ļˣǽɫ򽥽¶һĹ򣬺ɫӻΪɫսס
ǣɢһɫâɽ֮˱ԡڽɫĹâ¡
չֳ壬ɫıùսһ̾׺Ҳɵɴһ˫۾ƺҲЩš


1001 
׺ܹӵкܶĪվ񣬵ûԤϵıǺһޡɫ㣬ʵϣ׺֪屾ʱֻ»Ϊ𾪡
ϰ֮壬°ȴ֮β״̬뵽״̬ƺıҲ֮ͬ
ûΪ֮˫תΪķɽ˾ȻҲǳֳһƬâ˸֮С
ԶԶȥͬ߱ѵ츳ǿϢǽɫâҲƣֻӱϿѲ³˵ʤ
״̬£ʹ÷ɽʵҲѷ仯Ϊ̱ռѹԵơ
񱩵ѹУʹˡѪҲӲսȻȻԷǿ
ʹɷұһս̫Դ˰ɣ
ЦʱѾ˵ˣֻһͷǾսʤ
ڵʵδرԴң㲻ʹΪʹɷأ
ƽĻشеΪԼĿǰ·硣
ߣԴ󣡡
֮ƼɢӴƿʼֶȥ
ƾѪ·ģֻܹǿķϲκƿԡ
ǿƣʱռݵԽ࣬Ƕ֮սԽδս֮
Ȼûﵽδս֮ЧֻΪ˱ƳɷĿڡ
˽ӵз˭ȱȶԷʹҪǶĵһؼڡ
ǵһʱȻܵ˾޴ѹ·ڿ籩һ㣬ֻܹ֧֡
ѹʲôãҵ־㹻Լס
аѾʼⳡսԼ־һ¾ʫҲδԤϵ
˵սеĺܻȴ˵רעĿ⣬Ϊ֮䣬κһ΢СϸڽԻӰȫ̵ս
Ƭ֮Ҳòļǿ־ΪʼղʹɷȻȫ־֧š
ʱѾӿ˿˿ɫѪҺΪαƣʹѪȻ࿹⡣
ԥǷóû֮ʱͻȻǰһжʱһڽɫѪɫѪɢڿУȴǺܿմϣȻʧ
һǰȻǿѹһʱչҲռݲ̫ơ
ʱȻȫԸʩչǿѹҪǰƳɷ
ʱΪЩ࣬Χȴвͬ뷨
˿ֻƺȫ֮УⷬǿǰõѡֻδսӾơ
ʫЩѪΪʱѡûдֻȴǻḶӦĴۣƴ·ʱΨԼᶨ־Ƴʱ˷ʵӭѶϣ㲻
ڵĵֵȴԼ־Ӧһпܶ򣡡
׺˵һ˵ȴΧ֮ҲĿɿڴԭ
˿澳УԼƼӾ磬ʵϣƶԣʲô
ѪѪѪҺȻһβʣıգҪڵǳ֮ЧԽǿ󣬼˲ơ
һгԤ֮⣬ʱռϵƣȴöԷ־ﵽ壬ʵϲ̫ĺô
ѹȻȶԷȳ֣Ȿ뷨ȴЩвͨ
շɽУÿǰһ־ᶨһ֣еķɽȴǸͲ
˵սţǰͻ͸ֹˡ
Ҳµ˼вɰЩжԼ޿ɾҩԼȷʵһƬģֻͳֹˡ
Ƭ֮󣬶ѾɣǿͻҲѾӦƣѾûǰǿѹ
ԭѹѰĶ򣬿ô򵥣ھɾʱѾϵԼڴʱ򣬲ǸӦԷҲΪδһõĿˡ
һ־ǿߣʱ赭дĴ֣ܶѰһеĻԼǿøǿǿ׷ľ硣
ѹˣѪֻ׷һ֣ԲŰΪкôԲżᶨѡΪ֮
δչһһ־һϣһΪͻƵĻᡣ
ԣ˱ڶԿʵȴǺս
ԼܸΪǰãʵԼһʱôݣɢ츳ˣҲʱڶɣȻֻ뷨֪ʱʵΪֻ²˿İո˵ȫʤ


1002 
Ȼ壬Ҳа˳ϵİգΪһξԲһô򵥣ԣʱȻʮ㡣
ǰİҴѾټǰΪѾӦ˶ԷƣǰҲͲ̫ˡ
¶һĨЦ⣬ֱָֻѾûɷĽɫɽ
ɫ£Ҳ˶ֻֽ̧ǿĽš
˽δж֣ΪȶȻռȻǻֳĵļꡣ
Դ˵ô⣬˵ƽڷ仯ƺΧĻΪһ壬ҲЩı仯
ʫĺһڿ˵ȴͬӵлһе˫ֳֽһΨȴΧĻںһ
۽⾳߱ȵĹڴʱֻʦҲò̾Ľ⾳
ʱһĲѾܿɹǣ壬ķɽΧϣǲע⣬ƺоĴڡ
аû뵽˾磬ĵɽɫҲڵȻΧĻںϵĸˡ
ģѾΪ˰͸ˣȫ֮ʱֻ׺ԸܵĴϢ
˶ԣֹϣȫȫʧ
ڱ仯ΪʶΪڶ֮ڽԿ̽鵽Ϣοֻǰ֮أ
׺·Ƶģ΢ЦǰͬȻԿĴڡ
ʫҲɰ̾׺Ĺ츳ɸɵľ룬Ȼܹ̽鵽ϢǱлҪǿĶ࣡
ϺȻչ˹ɽ޻εɿն
εˣ⽣ȴЩزסȻǽɫĽ
ȴѾã΢΢һЦ赭дĻӳһ⽣ȻӭĽ
һҵɢʮɵʵΪѾԤ⵽ĿǰʵҪ˲١
ʹáѪΪϾޣܹԭΪ֮һһܲ
ڽɫı֮£Ϊﵽαӽγɱľơ
Ҳ˵ʱսҪһһֻ˰˳ʵȴ㹻ѹסɣɢĽ
ɽĽɫڿлײһԼٶȷֳʤ
ȵԭأθû˿ĲȴǼӳһֵһɼʮɣӿɫѪҺ
ٲʹɷȻҵĶ֡ҳ־ǿ󣬵뵥ƾ־սʤʱ״̬ңҲδ̫ˣ
ƹΪԼ뷨ȻΪ˶עܹˮôʤԷ
Һ棿ֻ㵥뷨ʹǰʹɷ
ᶨ˵ٴγǰȥеķɽնɱȥ
һΣĽ뷽ŵĽ಻󣬶ʹʮʵӭĽ
˽⣬˵ĻԣʱûҪʵʹɷ
͡
־սһãʵԶʱ־𵽵òʮԡ
һѪǿĽɣڷ˵ͬʱնüʫǵĽ
ڱ״̬ºޱһȻǿ󣬽ʹáѪ֮Զ
츳ͬӵǳ֮ǿ޸ҲҲ״̬µǿ
軻ߣһȫɱĿԣǿڡ
ĿɿڴűɵΪʱѾ޷Σ˵ǱǿƳα塣
ΪǿңֻʹһɷſӲһɣ
ʫ̾Ȼɾ룬˻ǳ˾޴ѹ
ڶǿѹ£ʫվǰֵ󲿷ֵѹȻоͷһǿѹ߳š
УΪ͵ļѾ³ѪǾʵĿ£ֲ㹻Ӱ쵽֮ˡ
мǣ˹ֵ
ϴſȵ˷֮ɫ

ͬĴǼѪĳϣϵıҲ˷ܶʹࡣ
ۿּսҪ۵ģѾ׼ȴûʶֻһССĿ˶ѡ
׺ҲЩɢǿ󹥻ϵı΢ɴЩصЦ⡣
һĳޣ֮Դﵽʵ⴫ԭġ
׺˫зųâĿתĶƺȤ


1003 
ʫ֪˴ʱһССǰ࣬սɷںϺսʱ򣬲пķֳʤ
ã֪ǷΪӮأ
ʫ̽ʵΪȻΪʤġ
ע飬˿Ըı䣡ҰɣҵԤԾԲ
׺ʮֿ϶˵ʼƾʲôӮʱȴЦ
εƵǲᣬ˲棬ڵˣǳ֮ĸƣһżǿģԣһٴγǰ̤
һһÿһƱָһ֣ȵԭλʱѾָϡ
ʶǿˣŵƿɾԲᣬȴûһԼǰ
ʹɷҾԲˡ
˵񽥽ıñ䣬ЩѪ
ﲻ֪ûгʤ׷飬ʤ׷Լһᱻǲܵġ
ʹΣɣ㾡ʹȫңȻʹɷ
ŵ˵н΢΢һһϻɫĻ潣ڷɽ֮ϻơ
ϻɫ潣ȻӦʹɫ潣
ʹϻɫ潣֪ȻҲСƣһһһηĹ
˲䣬Ҳŭһƽ
ϻɫ潣ƽĽһһ
Ϊվƽ𵽵ĹӦļ٣ɺڵΪƽܹ֮һսѾ̫ĺˡ
ʵϣƽڴʱûΪ֮һĽϻɫ潣˽ʹɷԿƾڡ
ɺڵΪܹסıʵôһαԣѾӮˣΪԷ츳ԣ츳Զ
а˲䣬ֲһҲǶԿһ֮
ʱڶɢĽӭȫѪڵҲ⡣
ֹǣʫҲЩĸ꣬ʹɺڵΪ֮⾹ȻҲܵǿĽԶԶʫ֮⡣
ʫ˫ĴԡˡġΪ˼ӳЧȴ̫á
мϼҪ°ĭĵ棬ǱϷסֻ׹յĿԡ
ʫҲЩΪѣڶ˻δչսʱԼҲԲܹڶ֮սУԼѻסˡ
ҼְɣǧҪ˹ֵֻҪ־ͺã
ʫ˵˵ȻͷӦŵͬʱһ뷨ԭĦսҲôΣգͺñڽһ֮սֻܹƾ־ܹЦ
ֻһӴĽӭԼĹɢĽȷźֹһڿеĽҵײԼĶҲûռݾԵơ
һԿĶȻЩԿ屻ʮɣֻȴûˣڱ֮࣬ʹڶǿĽ
˲Ҳ˺Ϊռƣȴ϶ĽͻȻԼѸٵӿ
Ĵ͸ЧȻǿ󡣡
ֻ÷˶⴩͸вڴʱڿһʧ
ԶڵΪɾ벻ǺСһξ룬ԷҲֻ˲
ʧ֮Ѿӽ͵ٴնһںϻĽ
ڱ֧£ٶʵϱҪϼ֣һѾһڶ֮ʱֱһ
սԽң˵ղŵһһʽսֻǰ࣬ʱսζĿˣ˲һζӲƴз
Ϣ֮䣬еǿĽɫǻ潣˸ܵеȸС
һΪ͵ڳʵЩܲסǿĽˣȻѪĻ赹ȥڻ֮Ȼɪɪš
ʫֵΧ󲿷ֽѹֻ֮ˣһҲס˵ս
׺Ҳʼо³ɫҺ壬ʫн֪Լʱòʹסˡ
ڲɺڣ֮սѾ˿ֲöʹս֮ȫñ˵ѹ
ɫһƬҰףΪڵʱѱ³Ͻʹ࣬Ȼޱȣɿ˵ǰȾЩϰɣǳܲסǿѹ
ʫԥ֮ɫЦʵҲʹɷǶ˵սûﵽǸڱʹɷ֮ѻȫǡ
ҲΨһ̾Ϣʱֻܹҧڳ˴ιսĻǧѷ꣬һҪסѹҲüȥ


1004 
˷׷ӦŵڵĳǷǳŽģպʱ
ãôҪܲסͶݳɽưɣ
ʫеʵ׺Щĵ⣬ȴҲ֮ء
֮Ĳޣ֮ĲС
ʫʹȴ׺ǳЦ㣬ɣʹҶȹѹء
ð
ʫæ˵ȴɻ׺ܹʹȫҵİȫ
Ȼϵ
׺˵Ȼ˫ֻأдʣΪϵһᣬϱһɫĹâ
ֹһСᣬѾȫâסʱ˲žѹ˲½˲١
㣬Ҹʹǿļӳ԰ӳһΪԵһ¡
׺ͻȻڿ裬ÿһʫԼΪһ֣еľȿ֪
Чӳʵ̫ǿˣڶ֮УǿһĹ츳ʵǷǱѰ
ܹߣǿĸһҪ
ʫ׿һгɼֻԺ׺Űߡ
㣬Ӧÿɵֵսѹˣҿʼ˵ơ
׺ˣڿзٵתָÿһ£һâһϡ
Ϣ֮ڳϱøղܵȫָˣұ֮ǰΪ棬һʵ̫ˡ
˵лʱ׺һЦȻ㾲ʫ
ս֮УڽĴ͸ҪԶٶ뽣ϣȻһĲࡣ
˽ٶսÿһɢҲԽԽǿ
εûһߵľУƾϻɫ潣롮ƽĸѾĲСǽϵʦƶսֲٶϵЩơ
ǣ˳־õսУһʱ֮䵹Էֳʤ
Ȼʹɫ棬ֻ㽫Ե֮С
ڶս֮ʱ⵽׺ľٶж׺ԽɵصŮ϶ԼǿС
аϲ׺Ը׷ԼֻҪʹԼս٣һѵõĺ¡
ֻǶݵķȥעܱߵ飬սԽļңٶȿ쵽¡
˲ƣ
Ѿ˿СʵΪǰʱȣΪƺԵЩɲ⡣
˲ʱҲͬʱ˲ƣ˲Ƶٶȣᴦ·С
˲֮󣬿б˵Σֻǿ񱩵ĽɫΪÿһ˲Ϊݣ˺ѿ˵˲ƹ켣
ڿвϵķâըѵǲڶǿγϻɫ뺮˫ԡ
ʹϵȴҲֻǿԵֵϻɫĹǣⷬ˴⣬޷ֳκʤ
͸һ˿ŵЦ⣬ǱƴģԼռݾԵơ
ս֮ʱҲչٶȻĵĿ죬һһ£ĵһֹ
ٵ˲սУޣʼޱսĹϵļٽ
һϣĲ¶ۼռЩƣ֮սžá
սʵǿսıԣʹǡôսͬӵ¡
ʱ츳ȡԻĲԣչһѵս
ʱ˽ڽ˲ƴУǲ˼漣ıǿͬӵһĻָƵطǳ֮Щơ
ԼĪʱʵಮ¼ѵսţΧ֮˿ζȻ˸Կ˵ʽȴҲս顣
ԽսԽľΪΣȻʼ޷Ƴʹɷ
ڱʵµĽԺһ޵ıʵȻ״̬ռƾ֮ƣԣζʧܡ
ң⼤ս֮УۻٶԶԶ˻ָٶȣǱ̬ĻָҲЩ
ǼսȥԼᴦ·֮Уʱʹôм乥ʽ뷨ȴǰסͷ
ಣ
˲֮󣬾Ȼһˣ¶һĨаȵЦ⣬΢Ц
ûֹͣս뷨ȴ˲֮һˣһƺȸղǿ˲٣ɻѣͬ£ôԷǿĽ
ͬʱֳΣûԻָڵе뷨ʤԲžڵΪѹƶԷڱʵ
ϿʹɣߣֱɣΪڱ״̬²ҵĶ֡


1005 
һﾹȻϵҲɹĿ࿴
˼ŶˣΪ˷ŵı쳣ңһֱڽ״̬УҲֲ嵽˭ռƣʱȴ֪ûд֮С
ϲ˿Ц⣬ΪŵһսԼѾʧˣڱΪ״̬¾Ȼ޷ʤԷ״̬µս
ҲԼİģôڴʱأ
ȰϿʹɷɣΪеȻҵĶ֡
˵ϵȻǡ
ǺǣðɣǾҵĽɣ
εû˲ƣֱӹ޾趯˫֣Խӭ
䣡
ⶸʮ֮Զȴǲ˷ٴιһ
һһ޴ĳڶս֮úȻɢǿĽѵζһʼ
ҲĿɿڴ֪ΪʲôսһʱȻܹռԵơ
ʫҲЩ˼⣬ƺʲôȴ˵
֪ô£
Ī׺˵ĻֹΧˣһ
ͣսɻ׺׺е֪ΪʲôӵǿĽǺ׺Ƿ֪ԭڡ
׺Ҫ˵Ȼһɱ㣡
ЩĲ飬ȻΪ׺һӵĪ벻ʶС
ν˼ӹţ׺츳׵Ҳʣӹţš
Ŀ£׺̩Ȼ˵ҸղŵĹ۲죬սУĵȤĵҪ΢
˻һ˸ԻѣΪĵ࣬ȴʵϣЩϺ߼
ͻȻ򣬶ʫҲͬʱ뵽ʲôƵģѾµһȴֲš
ǰԸ갡¿Ǻ棬ȻǰҪһ㣬ʱô
˵ĵԼռĸ˺УǴҶ˵˼
Ǻǣԭܼ򵥣ֻǵôܽӦǷġǣҹ۲죬ͬʱҲٶƺܿ졣
׺˵˴𰸣ʱ˶ͬƵ׵ͷҲԽ׺ȻͬԼĻ׳棬ƺܿ
֮Ը׺˵𰸣ʵΪ˱ʹڱѾûлԼ
ս֮ʱģսͬʱֻм츳ѵ˿Ǵ󲿷ֶֻպСһܹǿĽȻȻ״̬
岻ڿĲһ£Щȵȫû뵽ӵ˶ܣԼ֪սȥֻĹȺ󣬷Ӱս
ҵҪ㵽˶
Թľ͵ĳȥ˫ͬʱʱȴǲŲæԼΪŵһ
䣡
Ȼˣȴԭأ΢ЦȻ֮ڣʱ䣬µһ޴Ĵ󣬽죬ҽʤ㣡㲻κһ˿һ̵Ļᡣ
ڵ͵ԼĪһʱ˺׳ǽǿʵϡ
˵ǰ֮ģȫھ⣬һı鶢ȻԼƽǿҲ츳õĶ֡
ɱ
ĺȵϢʼñܵв״̬¿ʼˣƱȷǿ˲١
־ҽҲҪڽ£
˵һ˲״̬
ʱ·磬ΪѾޱʹյ䲻̻ȴʵȫѹơ
һֿٵĽսÿһУȡЩƣƲ࣬ȴǡѹһء
ԽսԽľ֪ԷսȥԼЧԶԶڶԷҲ;ٲʹУԼûлʹѾˡ
ʹм乥ʱȴǰסˣΪЩʽʹʱԼǿ
һû䣡һ㣡
˵֪İȴڲϵļ١

һǿıѸٵںһ˲䱩ǵԭеʮҡ
ɷ
ʫҲʹɷͬʱʹ˶ɷΪ츳ʫŲģһɷΪҲԵֵսѹ
㷽ŵġѪɷɱߣǽҲʮĻҲʮҿɷԿҵ


1006 
Ȼʮ˵޵дţȻ¶Ц⡣
ʵˣһڱ仯ɷʹáѪܴﵽЧҲľҵƽҲһЧһиǿĻ湥ģʽҲʹЩһȫѹ㣡ô
˵Ц⣬ЩҲлɡ
һƬâźѾȡˡѪȻɵЦһɷ
˵˾ȻûпһɷڶݳѾɱӡ
һ˲䣬ңѾں˵һɷ˲ɻôܲݳֱںϷأ
ⲻ֪澶ΪΪںϷĲ裬ǽķһҵʱ䣬ڸ֮սУһӿǲٵʱ䡣
ܹʡȥһӵʱ䣬䲻ںϷ⽫ԺսʮЧ
ȻҪһ˲ںϷҪ츳㹻⣬ҲҪ󵨵Ĵ¾εϰ⼸ȱһɡ
ʹһΪڱϱԼĪʮң츳ЧӵԽԽǿһںϵһɷʵӵıѾǰʮ屶ڶʮαʵ
˵ƱȷǿһֵƳѾչıʮ£ȴȻȵĶ档
ղŵһսĵԶԶĶĵӵҲ˲ۿۡ
α״̬¼㣬ڶʮǰʵԴﲻʮαʵ
ʮ˶ʮĲʵҲǳСʱʵҲᳬ֮һ
ʵ£ѾγɾԵʵȫһս֮ʤʱԤϡ
ӶɳˣҲû뵽ںϵһɷƾȻǿٶʮΪ
˵ڿнһ΢·磬һȴǲˣ˺ʮɡ
һܵѹС˺ִܶ࣬һϵս
û뵽ԼʹűҲҪǿһ㣬Ȼʮʧġ
ԭ׼״̬´ʹɷڵĽȴǷˣȻʹڵһںϵҲսʤĵһɷ
˸ӣδѡ֣ɽڿоҵ
ˣ㣡
һӷɽ֮ϴĽ飬뷨ýԵһɷʵȫѹס
һսҵһʵս֮ϡ
䲻֪ĽܹٹѾϵԼҪƾһƺ޷ɡ
УһҪأòӣǾĵͬʱٶҪԶԶʤԼʵֻռơ
ѡͶģҪôɣ첻ķĲΪˣ
˵仰̽һ˵İ׺˫ҲЩ룬ǵЦŨˡ
£ֻ£Ȼôǿˣ죬Ҳܹ䣬һܹ䣡
ĬĬһɿ񱩵Ƴ¶һĨЦ츳Ȼǿ󣬲ֻһѣֺξ֮С
ô
΢ЦʵѾ˳ֵ׼㹻Ƶģ֮ĹͷչֱʵǱľС
סȴŶ˶Ƕµı֣ڶ˵ǿѹ£Ѿʹ˶׺һʹȻӳ֣ҲֻܹԱҪסΧˣǿǸġ
ڶ
ҲЩţǧҪеڶɷ
£ܹһɷѾЩ˼ˣڶɷɣ
оȻϵվԼһߡ
Ȼ΢Цı飬ЩƵ˵ڶɷ

ɾȵĽгû뵽ȻӵеڶɷԼȻռƣĶ󣬵һܹɡ
ɫôЩ԰ףŰɣˣܲҺܲң
һЦЦɫ䡣
ˣԲɱԼһѵԼĵŻʤ֮Լ
ʱоѾĲԼˣ˫гŨŨĺ⣬оԵĲġ
ҾԲ䣡
ݽҧס촽֮

кֵ𽥵Ŀʼռ䡣


1007 

һҽдڳˣֲ£ֻдһʹȻЧ
˵ڳϣʫҲܵӰ죬ֻķ꣬·һ㣬ѪҲЩ
һ޵ķŭȻ鴫
׺Ȼ΢Цû¶һ㣬˫ٴνӵӡΧȻֳڶɫţ֣ͬȴ΢ͬ
ЩַŽ֮ӰС˺ܶࡣ
Ǿĵķ˻𣬲ȴûӰ쵽˿
ࡣ򲻹ôǲҪޱ˰
аȵЦԭΪʹȴֻһʲô
ֻƾһܹӮԼԼҲȥˣ
ķ£иΪŭڱ̬£ﵽ˷ŭ״̬ǼΪġ

ҲһХͬһ㣬߿Ƴա
Х֮˺оһ֮Ч⵹֡
ĳХ󣬾Ȼ¶ϲɫǰڶ֮ĵȻͬ˴̼Ŀʼ
ͬһ㣬ֻһ۱㿴˼֪ڴʱжͻơ
ʵյ֮Ĵ̼Ϊͻƣʵں⡣
ǲô˵ĵڿҪˣԲҪġ
֪ԼʱûҲˡ
ܣмֳ֮Σ飬Ȼĵȴţȴս

ϲɫĺںϵ֮ʵ˵һںµ
Ϊӵʵ츳ԣÿںһʵгһء
ںϵһ£㽣Ҳǿʤ
ں϶ʵѾں϶ӵнʵ֮¡
֪СѪƽûʹ֪ͬķ£Լʵϴһ֮С
ɵĽ֣ںѹȻܼ򵥡
ǾֻöɷȴҲھʵ·磬ΪǵһΪҪֻҪں˵һɷķγɾԵʵ
ÿԼĪʮΪʹΪҲʹһ˶ѡ
ÿɷ߶ʮΪڵڶɷںϺ󣬾ĲҲﲻһϡ
ʹıɣڿɲҵĶ֣
ڻָԭеţΪ˷ܵ˵
ʱѾսȥЦЦźۼں˵ɷ
㾹Ȼ޳˵ɷ㻹𣿡
ʧеͬƵġ
£ɷʵЩܣȴʵķˡ
þȣ㲻Ҳ˶ұ츳Ҫǿһ㣬ɷкδСֵأ
Ц˵Ȼ
ʫͻȻ̾˿˵츳̫ǿˣԼԿ
˵ʫԿڵЩΨ˾սҲɷô¡
ںЧһζɺڣڵΪ
ڵĳϣвǧϣȴڵΪûдﵽɺڵķ
ֻܹ֮Ĵͬ˵еһܡ
ʫܹȣΨпЦһ֪ԼսʤˣһɰնûС
츳̫ǿˣҲòϣҾԲ䣡һսɣһΣҽȫԸ
ҧ˵
С椣ɣܿҪˣ֮󣬺ٺ٣
ٺЦȻӭս
һƺѾʧȥȴӰ˵Ĺս£ڶʱ֮ȫ˿ڣεı仯Ϊ֮塣
ڿУľԡѪȴֿ֧ŵû뵽ڴʱȻˣô䡣
ಣ
ڻûǿĻɫ棬滹һʹ
İѾսʧڴʱ˿̣ȻѾ֣֮Ҳδ뵽Ľ
ʫ¶΢ЦΪǿʵ˷ܣͺñԼʤ˻Ҫ˷ܣ֮һҲЦݣΪĳ̶ֳ˵Ľ黹ҪԶԶǿġ
׺ȴûЦǵȻһУƺ˼
𣿡
һֻɫ棬һֳַɽŽսףͬսһڿ˵
ԼڵѾﵽɽˮˣȴǾԲڴʱ䣬ǽɽȻָ


1008 
㲻䣬һɱ㣬ȻԪ֮塣
˻һڽȻҲסˣȴǲ˵Ļ
ȻҪԼԪ֮壬ѵɱԼ
б뵽
ӲԸ񣬾ǰҲԲԸı䡣
䣬ҾԲͶб¾ɱҰɣɱңӮ˱ԣȴ˶ע
˵
㵱ΪҲɱ㣿
ʱеɱŨˣи˵Ҫɱɱϻʲô
뵽ɱҲŭһѾ˲ʧ
ˣû뵽ӵǿԼڸĶ֣̽鵽˲ƹ켣ȴѾʧȥ˵ֿ֮
ڴʱѾָα壬սǱԶˡ
ಣ
γʱѾɷΧ֮ڡ
նһȻһֻ־ȻסԼĲӡ
Ծסķһֻ־Ĳӣֹ϶
оһǿ֣˫־Ȼ̧𣬱ŲӣȻ޷
ڣ˰ɣ
ᣬоǳİ֪Ϊλ˶ԴԼ
Ҳ䡣
֪һ䣬ԼҪֶԼǱζԼҪԶ
磬Ҫ嶯ǧɱ
ʫæȰ
ͻȻ¶ƣɫЩ飬˵ٵ飬˭ҲҪܣڣҪǸԻȥɣ
ƺ⿪ͻȻʧȥټ
֮УڲŲֻҪ֪Ӯˣϲ¡
ʫʱҲû뵽䣬ֻڴʱֶƺѾС
ʱ׺Ҳ֮ɫŮʫæʵãһ㣬ûΣգ
ģϾ㣡
׺ʼʹҪˣΪδ׺ǾԲʹáͨ̽ˡ
ʫĽУ׺ʹͨʼ̽δ
˲ǰʹѶȾ˺ܶ࣬׺Ȼ̽š
кܿӰȴһƬ֮УһδƬȻڳ򶷵ĳղŵĴ򶷻Ҳֻ˶Σȵλʱȴ˶סˡ
涨ڻĳɫʹ˻ɫ棬ɫһ˲䣬ˣˮȴڻ֮С
׺㣬ȴʼ޷Ż棬Ȼ󣬿еӰʧһƬڰ֮С
ôˣ
ʫæʵ
²ĻɱδʾһƬɫζŲҲҿ϶᲻䣬ڵΪ̽鲻δ
׺ҲЩǵ˵
ʫżˣΪǻɫζںϵʵʹɫǿҪĿƺС
ôأ粻ɱɱʲôأʫ૵
Щ߻ħˣڵƺܿ񱩣ʶǳѵ״̬
׺ͷŻɫ飬Щǵ˵
߻ħʫ㼱ˣԭеĸַȵȻ޴棬ʱһСŮڵɷһһӱӳֻ䵽ͨСŮˡ
ʫԼҲû⵽ڵת䣬ȴ׺а̾ãȻӵͻݵŮӡ
ĪҪżҾ취ɣ
׺
Ǻã취
ʫ˵仰ڷԼȻֵ̫ˣʹȶ񣬲һָԭе侲ֻ֮ȻŨŨĵǡ
Ƭ̺׺ʹһֺķ̽ټǶŮ㿪ʼµϢ׷١
˵ץʫʧʵѾԶľ롣
ʹü˲Ƶͬʱ׷˲״̬£֮ңҲ˲Ϣ顣
ֲɽƺյҲΡ
ڽУȻһӵƣϾЦ⡣

ʱЩ侲һ𵱳ʫѹԼģڱֱĿС
Ϊʵǿò˶ɱһ壬츳ڳˣֻʣԪ֮ˣ
һ뵽ŭ޷ֹͣһ״̬£񱩵Ϣʱȴ⣬ӶϢΪ塣
޻֮Ƿŭû뵽˶ԴԼʱȻϧ
ʱ׼ģϾԸķ䣬һ֪֮еġ


1009 
ǣʱȡѹñһֱΪοԲһֱԿȥ
ҾǲҲƫ
ҧһʱŭ
ȻٷŭķŭˣأһɿֲƴɢƽѹѾǿ֮ĩľء
ۣ
̲סһѪҺ˺󣬶㿪ѪҺ
ѹ£ȻѾ޷գȻоһߣڿгˤȥ
δֻ֣Ŀʹˤ棬·һõˡ
ڼʱ֮ǰǸ߸ϵģȻΪԼʵǿĶ࣬ʵϣ
ԵĽԤϣҲʤˣһԼĲһԵͷ
ߣʵһУ
ʱûΪԷʵԼǿԼʲôǸоЩԼ˲̡
£
Ľ߶ȣǡôͷ֮ϣʱĸ
˵ԼҲ˶Ըģˣԭı
ãҹҪǾɣ
һǵѪҺҧ˵ͨһڵء
һιڵϣָоһεķ̣û뵽ԼĹڵʱȻʱȻһޱȳĸо
Ϊͷȴˣе΢΢һʹϵı֮ࡣ
ҪôҪնҵͷ­ǾɣܹĽ£Ҳֵˡ
һı飬ġ
ԭЩ߻ħʱѾѹϵϢƽͣҲ峺ࡣ
ҽһȴŭ˵ΪʲôѵΪҵΪΪǿʱʲô߸ϵ̬һ޾ͺǰܰأ㲻ǰ𣿡
˵ȴѾջ˶ѹ
дȴȻЩķֻ̣һ
֪ڸģҾ㣡
һһǻɫͷȥ˲
㾹Ȼûң
һʱζʲôĿ־壬ĻҲ˽⣬ɫб֪ɫ£ԼԪԱĻᶼûС
ɫѾʼα壬ٶȴǻ
аһʹҲʵЩǵѣķڷֻԺȻء
ĸԣвָо˾ᡣ
ǰںһɷ߸ϵĸȴƿԼֶԱȺǿңĵȴѾ޷ƵİɱԼ
һԽ綨飬ǶĸǰΪΪԼԲԸǰ¶顣
ʱ˿̣£޾Ļɫпʼͬսһڿе
һǿһǿʱҪôԷҪôԷӢʱǿѹʱѾ׵ˡ
һӨˮ˳۽Ȼ䣬ڻɫӳ£޷еУȻȻ¡
ȻʹǿĻɫ棬ȴ׼ƿŻŮӣִݻŮڻɫ
ȻˣһǿŮᣬҲǷˣǿڲȴԸоķˣ㹻ˣԭҲֻŻѡ
а룬ڿǵˮҲһʹļԻɫѹ
ʩˣ
ƽ̾Ȼջ˰ΧĻɫ棬ǾԵѹҲ˲ɢ
ԭΪĶԼްϧ֮飬֮Կ뵽һ㣬ȴջ˻ɫѹаһϲԭԼġ
ʩˣ˵ԼõģҪʩӵϣѵ
а뵽ʲôƵģ仰ĵȻ̡
𵱳һĻʱԼ˵İΪ߸ϣѹȴ;ֹͣԼѹ˵ڱԼԼһʩˣ
ɣҸղֻᵽһ֮䣬Ϊв࣬ƽȵġܹԷֻܹԵĳڱϳ㣬ζ㽫ʧȥϣʲô˼


1010 
˵ǵĹâȻ΢΢һЦһָһ׹㽫֡
ֻһĸоȫڵѸٵĻָţЩһĪ޸£ȻƬ֮ȫȬˡ
Ƭ֮УĬаٸнû뵽ȻԼָơ
ˣӦûָĲˣȻ㲻Ը䣬һսƾУȻʤǰĶעȡ
ǰĻ˿̵Ļɷһ鲻Խľ
ԭܼ򵥣ǾǵӮ±ԺԼԶΪԸķԭһˣǱζűǰĶԼ
ǰնԼûа취ߣ䣬֮١
ʱĻ侪ˣȻƽ֣֮ȡԼؽ󷴵ı۷
û˵ֻǾȵֳݵɫ
ͨ
ʵʵĹڵأһڵصĴ⵹ЩҲЩжˡ
Ǹʲô
æ棬һ˿𱸵ζ
֮սгˣķڷԣԸķ䣡
ĻаҲһ˿ϲ֮ɫԼһûа׷ѡ
ʵ֮սǰ۲쵽ı仯оֹУѾûеڱ״̬°
Ѿ˵ˣû䣡Ҫѭʲôעˣ
һ䣬һɴԼ˫ϥзһҪŵԣԸķ䡣
ڿʼҵˣһӵˣʲôҪһ
˵޵д֮ɫ
࣬ˣ
ȻһЩȱ㣬ŵ㾹ȻҲͻʱԼĸоǣܿɰִĿɰ
Ҫ˫ޣԸ⣿
Ϻ¶һ˿صЦ⣬˫޼ɵĶϴš
ԭڿе͵һ̧ͷ޵ϴһ˿֮ɫʤգŮѾǿˣʱҲپһٴΪޡ
Ŀ£ȴаӿһڶнӡ
ãһЦƽ˵ʲôū澶
΢΢һЦ־ԼʹڿУȴȻѡơ
㣬׿ʲôˣū澵ĹϵԸҰ˫𣿡
Ȼʵ
ٴһ£û뵽ʣиûκԥ϶˵Ը⡣
ǾɣȻƽȵĹϵҲҪˣҲҪҵʲôū
ʱ˵һ˵飬Ըı䣬ͺñǰǰԸ䣬ȴǲԸⲻ䣬ǾǿиԵŮӡ
ȻЩ΢ˣһѾߣ˫ͬʱץסļڽ
ץסԼ˫ͬʱһֻͺñξһ㣬Ѿȴջůůǻš
΢΢Цţסһֻ֣ȻУһֻҲ׽
˴ʱ棬ֻܽܽЩȻоС¹ײһ㣬ͨͨͣ

˵˵ᣬƺҲ仯ˡ
аϲû뵽ʱȻԼˮ˼Ҫڻˡ
ţ
ͬĻӦֻĵůԼģΪŵԵʣоȻϸܵĺ顣
뱧㡣
˵꣬Цʱɬĵͷпȥ
һлڤڤ֮бѾעģ˾Ȼһӵһ
ıס˫ǿϴ΢΢Ц⣬ᵽϵĴŮ㡣
ʵͦϲģԴӵһ㣬˺øУ˵ΪҵŮˣԡֻȴңҲò㡣ԣϣԺԲҪԵ𣿡
֪Լ飬ԼҲ⣬ǰΪʵԼ֮ϣķڷʱ򣬻Լ˵һ㣬ϾԷǸŮӣŮЩֵġ
ⷬıףٴγ֮⣬ܵůĻһᣬȻٴˮ۵һʹ֮
ᣬᣬΪʲô˵㲻˵ô֪ϲңأ
б߿ޱ˵ţ޵ȴǴҸЦ⣬ıƺԼһ֣Էʧ
Ů˿ްɿްɲο޵ˬˣ´οɲٿˣһ۵ġ


1011 
һ仰ٴκ޵Ǿأ֮ỨȴǷһĵЦ
飬ʱ˼ȿϲã鵽Ҹ͵͵׼һڣȻ󷢳͵Ц֮
һâǱԼõĽơ
ڴƣ
ſɫҲĻָп޹ĺۼȴȥˡ
УһСݺһ䣬Ⲣû̽顣
Ⲽõûκֲйصһûκ飬ڵĿռơ
ҲСݣЩɻ󣬲֪˭ڴµĽơ
ȴǲµˣȻӴԺŮˣϣ㲻Ҫʧ
ţҲʧġ
ͷ
˵һᣬѾʮСݣȻ׺ͻȻڽ֮С
׺òײ׷ˣΪвֲϢ׺һʱ֮ҲԶ룬ֻʩչֲУٳû롣
ƽ׺һ˿Ц⣬Է׵Ǳ֮С
ʱľҪ˺ܶ࣬ͻȻֵ׺Ȼû¶˿ĵ⣬ȴȻһЦڵǰкιأ
ۣ仯ô죡ղŻ޲ɱ׺ڵʵЩţ
Ѱ˼¶ԴŹֵЦ⡣
׺ͬҧһ㣬ȻһپһɲĸоﴫаľʱоΣա
͸ĵ˲£Ҳڼʱ֮ڣͺñȽһ㣬Ц⣬Ȼ׺ĵ⣬ֻȴ
㣬СʫʫУǰȰǲҪƴֵá
׺΢Ц˵Ѿ˿С
Ǻǣöˣ緽ŲϷѣıԵȻҪȫԸڣǱˣȻ㲻᲻ݡ
ˮ©Ļش׺кɣղŲǻ̽鵽ĻɫᣬɴʱԼ֮ȴǶ˼粢վһﻹ˿ĵ⡣
׺㴳Ƶı»治أΪʫʫԭҾͲƽϡ´ٸҴҲõĽƣԸ
˵׺ô
ô׸ʲôǴһ½ʲôġ
׺˵ģһζ
ÿɷЦЦȥ˽ƣʱʫæ˹´һϲ֮ɫ
磬ղˣҪɱãԶҲԭġ
ʫС֣ԮֻЦЦҲشʫ⡣
ߣǷһڣǸҽΪʮħ𡣡
ɢǿƣȻ󽫱ΪѹΪʹɽٳڵΪУʫͬʵ׺ʵξȻʧڿС
˳ڷУٶȲ죬ȴһ·Уһ·̸
ڼִʱͻȻһȺǰסȥ·
򣬸ɱۣ
ǰһĺȵߵҲһŭĿӡ
ͣǰʱЩ߲һɴ۾ߵĿͣʫϣм޼ɵŶ˵زˮҪˡ
磬ͨŮ࣬ǴﵽʫŮʵģȴǷǳ֮
߼ʫǺ޸оֵⷴ顣
ִᣬŮòΪԽ࣬˵ԽǺܽ˵۹⡣
ףȻû쭣
ʫһۣͬʱ뵽
ʫ·˵ڣҷʲô쮣
˸ǸҶزˮ³ֻһǾ
Ͻʹд˳ڣԼ˳ǰ󳬼֮׵޻ʱ¹κݾڵĸؽϢȥΥһɱ⡣ºκɷԲǧ֮ڻдߣһŴ
һ߸һʹڷдɣϷּдɷġ
УȴоüĿ顣
һ˵мԻãЩһŮò绨бѾ˶ŮǿֵĿԣѾ豹ľ磬ʱȥҲһ㲻񳬼֡
ʹ˲İʫһαߵ
λѣϽʹֻԴڻߣҵʵѵڵʵҲҪǰ޻𣿡
ɿ˵еǲԸΪЩͼߣΪǿ֮˵ΪҲɽڡ


1012 
ɽڶԣǸ߸ϵĴڣΪͼʵѡ
ǸɽڵѾʹʶ̽һ飬ʫڣ̽鵽ΪǶɽٳڣвɰЦ
󵨣ȻϷǰѣӵжɽڵΪôԳΪ
мһȵ
ѣҵ˼Ƕλ˽ڣҲûдﵽΪӦòϽʹϽ˰ɣ
ʱĺҲʫѾϰΪΪ۸ߡ
ߣҽʦѣдӦýʦүΪڲŶԡ
һԪӤΪŵ˵ز
ƺϷڣе˼
ߺٺЦĶƨӵͷʾ
˵ĻʮȫЦˣмΪţЦ嶼ڰг鴤
΢΢һЦδŶԷ裬۽ǵȴûһġ
ʫѾɱ⣬ɱЩһʫҲ¶ⲻŹǡ
ȴֵĺܵȻͬСŮһЩµĶߣʫ㾪ȵĽгҲΪı֣ͬˡ
ΪͨҲãҲգҲҪģЩͼǰԸֵ͵ԷսԼĵߣǲԣһɱ
λҵ·˵أҲûΥʹÿ·ɣҵҲΪѡ
ȭЦҲܲе˿ɱ⡣

ԲЦһڵҲſЦЦڿлصţɪЦҲÿЦ
ǣҲ̲סЦЦıߵҪɫͬʱЦ˵ЦȻǹһȺߡ
˷˵ЦŪĪʵ֪Цʲô
Ц㲻·
Ц⣬ƽ˵
֪ϷЦʲô
Ǹ̵ֳЦ⣬֮еɱòεĶ
δش𣬶һȴЦʦү϶ЦǲĶŮˣȻԹɣ
ٴοһӣ޵Сӣʲô֣˭ͽܣ
ʦү㣬ɽ˵ĵӡ
ԪӤڵæĻشβסľϲ֮ɫ֪һʦүĿأԺԼڵǰ;㲻
ϷھΪŵӣԺͳɽʦֱɣ
߸ЦæлΧ߼ĽмʵģȻαĵл֮ˡ
ǰһУиЩ߲Լֻ»ԼϺܾãԵɪܾãֻڤڤ֮ԼƺȻע
ƺڵĵλΪֺߣԺƽƣΧ˻ڼʣĽⲻ֪˽ֻͬһ·ѡ
ݴأȻţë֮ȴ֮һһɵһԪڣڵĵӱԲͬǰһġ
аţʫǣ֣ͬŮһ
СӣϷͽ˵ûǶŮˣԹˣ
ƺԶŵ˵
仹һֱǾڽ֮ȴȻ֪ͬһ֮ǰQţQţǰıס
ЩͼߵĶԻ˷ʱΪ෴Ϊһ֣Ҳһ֡
ʵұɱǣǿƣԿ
ֶɫ˫ǻ۵ĹâȻԵ˶ߵЩ
ʫųݵĿ֪ҪЩ˶ˣЩڴΪȺQߺܹ֣ȫѰ·
ȻȴΪװŪȴͬʱָʦү
߻汻Ļһȴָܿ򶨣д϶ںŪϷΪϷǿ󣬺Եȵڲ˵ⷬ
ͨ˵˼άͨ˵Ϊ߳ʧȥ˶ԼƿأȻЦСݵúŪϷҪסǶŮ˾޿ܣϷ򵹲ϣѡԪԱҪԪ񣬸Ͻˡ
һȺߵķӦ̫ٶۣ֪ĸɵߣƺûȫϣͷ
ಣ
׺ͻȻڿУǡõס˫Ⱥɫ䡣
̽׺Ϊָ̽鲻д󾪣̹Ĺֵ²μǰ֪ǰкμ̣
һ߷׷׺񣬲Ϊǿʵ
ÿһǱģ˴ˣ


1013 
׺΢Ц˵˵סˣЩ򲻸ҵ׺
Ϊ׺Ķ£ֻеǺ¶һĨǳЦ
ʫͬʱ˷ŭ飬ȴûпڣֻǶһ̵ۣʱγ˷׺ͳһսߡ
δش׺ſЦɨһȺߣ̾Ϣǵǲ֪ΪҪǳΪ̫ĸأϿɹҽͳ־һΣǵǸѵҪ𣿡
׺˻һȺ׹ԭǰԻȴȻǽŽɣΪ׵Ϊɡ
ʱߺ׺ƲԼеôǿǱЩǾ߱ΪĹΪһԼ֮ϡ
ֻһ۱ԶϤߵ˼
磬ɣҾͲˡ
ʫЦ˵ԼûҪڴʱ׺ǳ뿪׺˱ŤԼʱȰ׺
׺ӵļܣʫ˸ӡ
ʫ˲佻һҲЦ磬Ҳľ
Ůʱ˵һԣǣֻʣЩ߸նΧվ׺
һɫɣʱж׺ҲڴĦ˼֪᲻Լӡ
׺뿪ɣҵסǣʫʫ뿪㣬ѡԪԱסǣ
ɢһǿƣǿֻЩ߶ԣɽٳڵ㹻ЦߣʫһӦ
磬ҪúûֻΪԵסԷ
ʫôãǱĬҲѧ˲ٶѾʼ˼⣬ʱͼϵ
н
عͷʫգգۣʹ
˼һʫĻƺȴЩԣȴ֪˳ʫĻ˵ȥãǿˣΪҲǿ˶٣ǧɱˣҿɲʧȥЩýð
ǵİɣ׺ߣϺ󣡡
һʱ׼սģ֮ɫ
˵ĻＸϵ޷죬ᣬ׺ԼȺߵĶˡ
ȺߣһҲѾ뵽׺αװĸ֣ڱ޿ɾҩȻڷ˵ĶԻѰ
߼ǵڶӦģ׺Ƶ˵޳ܵļһȻϷǰװǰС椣ϷҪ㣬ǵ֪Ϸ
ʦ˼ҵ˼һ˵ͽֱܼѣҲʦ˵˼ԭαװĸֻ֣ӵΪĹȴð֣д
ǸԪӤڵĵʵǵһ׵ģʱǰƨԲ׾
ղŻһƬŵּQȴ׺޷ԤϵĽ
һƨΪʦͽӶЦȻЩϧĸо
ʦͽ֪ʦһ²⵽ĿġǰŮԶΣպŮܳð֣ȻǣȻȫˣǵ뷨֪ʦǲģ
ԪӤڵСֺߡ
̵ͷΪʦ˼벻Ȼ˵ˣʦͽϬ
ⷬûŻ³NǰԹʳͽܼʦȻŮعǽȡɵĵӾͿЩγɲЧʱ˭֮ԡ
С椣콫ع
߲֪˵׺޲õ
׺ǰľÿ˰ɣǣôϷŹˣڽҲ۽ǶԲס
ȭ˵⻰˵ĵˮ©ȴ׺ˣЩȴ֪
˫۷ųĹâʱͼȻһ仰ǻƽ׺⣬£׺ͬȺߵ
ʫҲ¶˵Ц⣬ͬʱ׺ʲôѡ
׺Ȼû뵽ǻ˾ˣû뵽һȺ߾Ȼ޴ûʵûǻۣȫǱɵŪڹ֮ϡ
̫ˣ۸ҵΪǲ
׺Щˣŭʵ
С椣װˣͶɣֻҪܹźϷʮ꣬Ϸп㣡
߲ܵ˵ͽȴ̿ʼǻʦٸŮɣ¸£
ʦͽֱ׺ˢֱ׺ŭŭʱƾȻٵȻڵΪ
ƻδֹͣȻֱӶҲγǿѹ⵹ǳ֮⡣


1014 
Ⱥ߳ɵˣһ޷ڿ㣬ǶɽΪҲͨ棬޷
жϳ׺ΪԼĪԼʹһɷںϵ²£ƺļ״̬
Ȼֱʹôǿƣûγκ٣Ҳû췣ôܣ
ȵܲ˿䡣
ΪȲߣҲߣħߣ췣ķ롣
˵ʫͬʱͷ
綼֮أ
ʫ˳˼·ʵ
˼֮УȴĲ²⡣
ȴֻ΢΢һЦٵ˳һľ룬ȻشʫʫӦòһܣȻ磬ôпܿԷ֮еκһ磡㰴˼άûڵıҪˣΪ磬ȴˣԣ½ҪӶ
ţ׺ȺߵսľһǿѹѪ׺ĵ飬ֻЩͱѹ
ڻҵΪǷ˵ֻǻǵģ
׺˵Ǿϡ
²ˣԲˣ

С飬飬ҵ֪£ٸһλᡣ
ЩȻ̲ôĵģȴУò˶ñ׺顣
ãұٸһλᣡ²ΪҾԲ־ǣ
׺
ҡҡͷһζҲǺܳ飬籾ǿʳ磬ĵļһﻹҪǵ
ɹ󣬲ÿǿɹģũߵĹ˼
ʫμᶨ׷ĲͬʱҡͷҲ׺ԡ
ڲףչһҸӣһΣ
׺˵ҲЩΣΪЩ߸ղŵı̫ѿˡ
׺Ѿһˣ㵽жأô˵ôߣ
ѾһΣȻȥʵ
׺Ц̾չƽɱ¾ξȻҿǾͱþˣ
ȵɱ㣬㲻ܿɱ𣿡
޳嶯ֻˡ
кοɱֻдͷǻûɱ𣿾εĽѵ´Ӧòô³çˡ
׺϶˵
Ҳˣ
ĵоһ˿ƵĿһۡ
׺Ҹ㽲£½ũߵĹ¡
󣬷ʵ֪ũɱ𣿡
׺±⣬ʱȴʵԻش
ش𲻿ɱȴ֤Լ޴ǻشɱ֤Լںܿɱ
İ취ǲش׺Ц˵ʲôЩ˵Ҿȶˡ
׺ԼǱֻˡ
򣡡
Ѿʹ˵һںϱ壬˲䱩ǣ׺䡣
һɣ
ʫҲͬʱʩչһվȴû̱ǰһй׺ȴǰڳVһļơ
ǰŮ׼лȰܣڼѾȫվ׺Ķ棬Ҳͻȥˡ
һȺ߸ûͣɷȴҲ֪Щ˾Ȼȫǳ֣ζţԼ˸ղڹŹǻ˺ܾã뵽޲¡
׺ûϵΪЩ߶վԼĶ棬ûϵʫҲ˼ᶨѡվһ
˴ˣ
׺˵Ϊ൱ںһɷʵ֮Ѽˡ
ʱ׼ǿɱȺߣ׺Ҫֹ鲢ʮǿңΪЩߵı̫ˣЩ߸ղŲ䣬Ҳ׺ԸΪŭ״̬ȥӭսˡ
Ⱥߴʱڣɪɪ⣬ֻܹʲô취
ܣ˸û޴زΪڳֵǰֻܲǼһַʽ
׺ÿҲһնɱ
ƽ˵ಡļ˷ɽɽʫͬʱɽ
ѡ񲢼սһʱ׺ӵڶ๦ʱҲֵ
һɿ񱩵Ƴ׺ӿȥ˹ͬ۵ƣʫͬʱԵЩܣΪһ𲢼ս
ԭ֮㹻ʤ׺οʫԣڶ׺£ڲ֮档
Ⱦǰɣ
С֪ˣ
Ҳ
ʱ˿̣Щ߲ӵп־Ļ⣬ʱ⣬Ѿ޷ƿ


1015 
в£ȴĸоǼΪʹģر֪¡
׺㲻ÿݹִݻ
Ͽκ֮ģΪѾȺߺܶλᣬֻǲðգѰ·ѡ
Ⱥߵֵͬǵǰ׺Ҳֵͬ飬ԣŲϧ׺ҲҪﵽĿġ
׺һԥѾ˵
ɱ
ĳ׺նһʫͬʱͬʱ׺Ϯȥ
׺ΣΨоȫӭУ˫ͬʱڿл裬֮ʱд
䣡
һ֮£׺ôܻ˵֮Уһ֮Ѿɰ֮⣬³ǰɫҺ壬ȻѾˡ
׺˵ͬʱĽûɱ·ߣΪ˽ԶĽ磬ûɱʱʫж
ಣ
ȺߵϿգʫһһҵĳ͡
׺֪˵֮ʱԼ˵Ķ֣ˣǲǿЦľٶҡҡͷԳ̾Ѿˣ޷סҲûа취ˡ
ղŲ˵ٽͦ
ͷи߶ȣԷɽָ߷ʵ
ͱŵĻɢʱﻹиղŵģڵ棬׼ϵĿͷƺܼ򵥣ѹ£ߵĶȻܳٻ
ǰµڣ飬飬ײǰǰ
߷ĵͬʱǸյĵӣץǰ쵰⣬Ҫͷǰ˹ȥˡ
Ҫʲô
Ц
ԣǰ˵ĶԣҲǶǰ׳գɵӣ
Ϊ˻ﻹ˼ϡ
ڿͬ˵Щߣ׺ȴЩģԶ˵ɱ¾ܹıʲô
ɱ¾Ҳܹıʲôȴܹʹ徻ܶࡣҽٸһӣԶɱǣ˰ɡ׺ͬΪıٸҳԷԣڡ
׺еɱҲĿʼӣ⻰Բǻ׺ġ
׺Ŀཻȴδκ⡣
˵񽻻һʽǷǳ㣬ú׺ѾľģһԼٸ赲жԲ顣
ӦҲɱǣҪ˵
׺˶ε˵
Ȼ
Կ϶˵Ȼ¶־ԵаЦ⣬׺жپ
ʱһеɢֽ֣ƼȰܱߵĻںһͬʱľı仯
ٸÿһλĻᣬ֮Уֻһпܻڣǰʱʱ䣬˭ܹЦ󡣡
ȻϾĹ
ǲɱǾɱȴ˿ѡ
׺ȻȴòǻۣȻܹǻƽԼ˵ķ

׺̾һȻĿ޸ơ
Щ߼׺Ŀֻ֪ܹķԸȥˡ
ڳԼĪһṦжȴһ޴ɤźɱʦ壬˭޷
߱ǱΪʦߣŭһȻҪıϷǾݹϷ塣
ЩߵսΪʱ޶Щһʼ֣ԶƣϾĹս
׺ÿҲ֪Щˣа̾Ϣһʵû취ȣҲֻܹˡ
ʫѾϰĻǣ˫۷Ź⣬Щɱ֪ҲĪˬо
Ƭ֮󣬲ҵսѾֻʣ˵һˣˣʩչֶ£Ԫ֮嶼û¡
ߣһȺͽȻ͵ϮϷ򣡡
ߵ֮æֵǰѾǰҪ󣡻ǰһ
׺ʱҲ˫ۣ򲻻Ųæ˵ãʱһøߣԸ⣿
ߵȻԸ⣬ǹؼǲ˵ֻõͷԸ⣬Ը׷ǰˣ
ǣһ籩ƽϢˣ߽ˣΨһʣµҲӲдˡ
ȻߣȻ׺֪ȴҲʧȥֹɡ
ò˶ã˱㵽ɽ֮ǰһΣ˲ûн棬ڿи·
ɽ¾Ȼۼĵӣʯ֮һһš
Ȥû뵽ڻϮַߵӵΪ
Ц˵һ˿˷֮ɫ
ע⵽ɽϣȻѾ˶޴ĵܣԼˡ


1016 
ڿˣ۽ǵЦŨˣʫЩʧ䣬Ϊ˾·϶ˡ
㣬ҲȥһǷԶ򡣡
ʫįǿ˵
ʫһȴҡͷǲҪ̶뿪ûʱˡ
ǿԵ㣡
룬˵ǣʫٵĽ档
׺ΪǰֵЩ죬ʱѾɽȴˡ
߻Ϊ˻ŹʱлȻ˷ɽ֮ϡ
֮˶ԣѾԳ֮Ϊ֣ʱ㲻Ҳ˵Ĺȥ
Դгڿӭӣ󣬺һİ˲Զĵطš
߿֪ڣϾʮ֮һȻбЩԼǸһǰģҲԼһɣ
뵽̵ģYYһأ
ȻֲɵΪֻжɽڵ߸ҷɽ֮ϣѾЩˣǿһͬжͽˡ
ǰ֪λγƺ
Ǳȭʵȥ
ʫһۣл治֪γƺǸߣܹܲ˵ǰ·ٳֻİɣԼˣʵ⵹öĿԴĻش
ǽ赶ɱˣʱãʱ
ЫӣʵǸˣҲʶһ·ϣȻɱˣǵûƽϣȴһֱˡ
΢Ц˵գգۣȻȻһնɱĶ
ʫһۣΪڴʱԭԭΪ˽赶ɱˡ
Ȼʶ˻ɱˣҲЦ˵Ĳ
£
һָߣϽΧס
ߵ˾ãȴˡ¡ᣬɾʵԩ޳ΪҪ¡
ߣС֮ͽɽŹأȻɽ֮ϣõ
Цʱ׺ٴ̾Ϣһ֪˽赶ɱ˵Ŀġ
߲ɽڵΪЩϵĶ֣ʾ£ߺܿ㱻£
ߺߣûɱǸĳӣڻҾ㣬ΰɣ
ٺЦٴαȻ˸նɱƣȻհ죬ǣ߾ڣ˵Ĳ׵ģֻΪĶֿ
±ϣ֮УΪҪߣ罤УΪ˵ҲͣʱӦ
뺨ʱʫŷأɫԵЩ԰ףΪھʱ󣬾ȻδδȡκΪϵͻơ
Ȼ԰οһΪɲģǵÿ
ʫһƺвڵλҼȥѰʱ̫ߣ֮Իϵ
ðɣȥɣҲãƶᣬʯΣƶ֮ľۣʫʫһԶ򡣡
ҲΪʫֲ
㣬ͣһԵģһ㣡
ҲڹҲ׷׺Թ
˵ףʫַɽţʼԼȻһһ̤ϽݣѰĶͻơ
ֻһڴ˶ʫҲ˼֣ҲͻˣʫЩˣΪʲôܹͻƣԼȴأ
ǿҶʹʫԷĲ뿪ĳһһȥ׷Ѱ
αֵĺ˷ܣһһĸɱڳҲǿ
˽ЩκʱͻȻڵӴ룬ӱԵЩڳ㲻ֱ˵
޷ǰ˶ڵĶˣ˿˼ɣ
Ц
λǰԼλϣϽʹǰڣҪǰȥʹ
ڵӹ˵Щ
жˣںδ
аȻʵ
һˣѾֱӷɽ֮ϣڿУǳ񣬾Բȥӭӡ
ڵӻ
ʹɾѾӵΪ˽ãһֱûʹߵѾԶˣʹ߱ǰ顣
ǰ֪ڸõδأ
ȭ̽
һһŲΪȻ˵ʹʲôȥɣ
û뵽ţȴǿЦûʹ߷뿪ˡ


1017 
뿪ڿûʵֵʹߵвбѸٵ˼ţȴʼԥˣ֪Ǹ֮Ǹȥӭӡ
ЫӣʲôʹߣʲôҼǰ޻׼ۼһˣͬʹڡܣȥˣʹߵĩգ
͵һӣһ죬еš
ʵŽţ棬ûʵŵĽɵ棬ʹ߱ʱֺ˾ƣȻǾԺţǽʹߺΪ֮۷
һ˼һµľǽڵİΣϵһ˵ϡ
ǰȻˣڱҲʲô·ˡǰһԾŶʹǻˣֺαظʲôӣ
˵ЩϵҲ׷׵ͷ
еЩжЫӻмͷԣѡǾǵģ˵УЫҲһۣ㲻òϡ
ãЫӣͷİɣһΣʹˣһΣٱض֮أ
һ뵽ʮħĲбӿһŭ˾Ȼɢһ˾ηơ
磬һΣҲȥˣһɱ޻Ͳţʹͷ۲ɣ
ҲԮϵЦͬ˶衣
ȥ˵ûգǼҪǾǹ
Ҳȥˣ´һڳϷ׷׽кòѣȻҲмϳĬΪǲκκ·Ϊ
ֵ֮ϣжŮ·ڵӣǶһһʯ׵Ϊ֮Աǡ
ڶ˸նĵſе֮͡
ʹǰģڵĵӶ̲ס뽫ֱ£ΪЩֱӷɽ֮ϣڴƻڻδ޸˲
ʹɳҲ̫ˣȻȫϵɣ۸ڡ
˵һᣬѾЩͷˣһŮߵںôĵӣĪ˵ҵʹģҵ޻˵ݣҲ˵ɣ
Ƕ϶һۣеǾȣԭǾ߱˫ݵġ
ϢŭҵһͬǰȱȣһЦ˵
ߣˣҵȿɲȲģǵ
Ϊ׵ò˵˫üһѾŨŨŭ⡣
λ԰꣡µѾǰͨˣ
һ΢ˬ˵
ҶϷ
һϮϽɫӣֳųһָߵһŮǸֳһ˿Цȵ򡣡
ಣ
ͬʱʧڿУһд󾪣ոշŭӶԷȴһŮʹˡ

Ͻ֮Ц߶ͬʱֳЦ⡣
˵Ͽףŵľٶڵӷ׷ŭӿС
˵ǿΪڵӾóȻжǰͨš
ʱյѾڿУ˱ȭ˵λǳǸѾʼչˣλȥɣ
ȥ
⵹ǱڵԺˣ˲Զôܹһ仰أ
Ͻ֮һ˿âĵʵҵϽʹѵ˿Ͻʹӣ
Ŷ˵ˣϽʹƨҪʲôӣб룬͵ġ
Ի˵˵Ŀ࣬ڵ򷢳һƬ֮
ٴѾ߷õʮɵͬʱҲһǰɵ˵ҲЩȴûôţȻ˼Ͻʹ֮
Сӣǲǳˣôػôػд
Ͻ֮ŭ죬ɷһŭ𣬺ɽ֮ϻص
ʱͻȻֶŮӣ˸Цһ׼Ƕͷ­ڵĶϡ
ߣϿϷ˽֪ʲôкڣ
Ͻ֮ŭϵıʤƺҪɱһ㡣
ЩӼɳѲԷ֣мߣڵŹϸֻЩӱҪһӵΪϱˡ
ڵĵʹƨǸϽ򣬺Ը
ܹǾˣɱǵĵӣҪɱ˳
֪˭һ˲ˣĵһϺУƵһ䡣
˶ڵжţʱа̾Ȼ鴫


1018 
ң
Ͻ֮ŭһץ㽫ץУɱ֮ʱһŭ𣺡ס֣
ؼʱ̣ԺգΧʮ֮ڡ
ûϵԷȻ޿֣ȻڵϿնɱжϣȻϲģΪŸմ򵽴ڡ
ڵɽնɱڵĳϣǶڵƣܹŭ
Ͻ֮ҲΪŭȻΪڵ̬̫ԼƬ̣ȴȻ
ߣ
Ͻ֮һͣסɱΪڵӡ
ѵ𣿾Ȼɱɳϣд
зŭɷһ塣
໣
ʮϣͬͬʱĺӦô˵·ɽʯڲ
ѣӲܣĵڡ
ԣ֮Уһ˿һľ⣬еֻ޾ķŭ
Ͻ֮΢΢ȣѵǸһûԼݲɣ

һͺϽֱ֮ŤڵӵĲӣǵӵԪֻʵ˳ȥ
ٺ٣
ͬʱһĬĵЦǶŮͬʱе׼ӵУڵӻæӹϵ׼һŭѡ
壿
Ͻ֮ʵһ˿Ц⡣
ŭɶŭ֮󽥽侲ղҪȴѾĿŶԷӵɱ
ڵߣزúǸϽţǶȵڣ
ѹסŭһһٵ˵
Ϸ޻Ͻ⼸λ޻ӣҵȷϽʹ֮ѲڣѵҶԿ޻ΥϽʹɣ
Ͻ֮ȱݣԴѹԷϸŶԷ沿ı仯
ףѵɵӲɣȻݣ
ܣȻųʮ֮һȴҲαȲ޻οʹ
Ͻ֮аԲ²ţķӦƺ̫ƽˡ
޻ҲãʹҲã֮ɱڵӣҪѪծѪ
һڵӵ˷׷˳ĻѪծѪ
ʦ֣ƺյ̫ˣȻţǾǺúýѵһٰɣ
һŮЦеսѾӿȡ
Ѿ¶ԷԿףʱҲڰ̽˵Ϊܿ̽ǶŮӵΪԼĪڣǶӣٴﵽ˵ڵΪǸϽ֮ˣҲ޷̽Ϊ
ʱ岻ɻȥļϣڻڣڵĳϱסǶжŮϽ֮ˣԼԷ
ڣ巢Լһĳϣֻﵽ˵ڵΪж˻ǸոսģвɿЦֻܹΪԿˡ
̽ΪʱҲ֮̽˵Ϊһ໥̽ͬʱֳЦ⡣
ҲˣȻǸΥô˾ڣ
Ц
˵ĵҲ׷׳壬Щһ£ۣΪȴǵ͵Ŀ̽󣬲Цĸˡ
ಣ
Ŷƿ֮գһһ󻶺
ɫڿУ̽˵Ϊ̽ȴָΪ壬ֻǶɽڵߡ
Яʱ˵ӷ׷ױɫΪ֪ʫˣڣǣ֮ȴʫ
ڿУеĵ㣬һλչڵʵɱˣΪȥĵѪ
ڵ

ּ
ͬʱȵ֮׳ЩӴ۽硣
Ѿ³ҪʲôΪʱ˿̣ҪԼˣֻҪһ仰˱Ϊ꣬ǣȴûѡ񣬶׼ڵʵӭս
ֻЫӵмˢӣԺһԳΪǿߣ
а޵ʱвɵʫİΣʫɽʯһһѵǰУ飬רעƺǱ˵սţԸ⿴ġ
뵱Լζģֹͣ˳ֵ뷨Ҳ˵սʫĶγһϰȴ̡
ǰ
һŮɵҲɻͷʫıӨʱԼŭĿӣ
磬Ҫ
µԭڣЦſڵ
ӨڿںЩڣʱϵڵİΣԼȴΪʦ鷳ƺЩ


1019 
΢΢ս֣գգۣЦӨңкָأ
ʱ˿̣˹ע£ӨЩΪˣһ뵽ʦԼɽɹ˵ǰҴʦԴˣ
˵ĵӾŵסƹⱾȰȴҲˣӨ仰˵ںҲЩ
ںһڳ֮ҲעĿӣߵĽӨ
Өĳ౾Ͳʱ˵ĻȴЩ̿仰ͯ棡
ԺҲΪ֮һ𣬶ЩΪЦЦŽִгȥ
Өɰ
΢Ц˵仰Χ˶Ѿ̿Ǳ㷢һˬʵЦ
ЦȺϲŸЦǣ˿Ц⵹γһ׳۵ľ
Ө˫ַֿв΢оùһ㣬ʱҲ¶Ц⡣
ǣڴʱ˶Цˣ޻Ҳ̲סЦˡ
Ц֮һʱ˵ĺЦƨϷɲЦġϿʹҪôϷһ°ɣ
Ͻ֮˷һŭ⽫˵תƹȥ
ͻȻһŮһе΢΢һһ׹ٵĳӨȥ
һЩԶ׹ٶȴǷǳ죬ԵڵΪӨ֣ӨǿԵסǾǸ漣ˡ
漣Ե޹ʵķ󳬼ڳ£ŮӾȻͼɱ˷ͷӨ
˽û֣Ϊڣ˸֣Ҳƺûг֣ǵ׹Ѿ޾ĽӽӨ
ӨţһâϮʱɽֵΪǰâٶ̫죬ʱҪɽѾˡ
ಣ
ؼʱ̣ѡ֣һλιȻһҺ
ӣ
ӨĺˤУȻȵӨӦȴԼǰ׹Ѿʧˡ
¡
ͻȻһ¡Ȼ췣ڿлۣ˶ˡ
һĻҲֻĶʱһ۷УȴΪٶ̫죬˲ܸоڷС
ɺڵΪ޷Уγ췣ȻٶȵΪ췣Ҳ֮ɢ
̧ͷһգʵѾν췣ΪаΪԵֵ췣Ҳϵİգ췣⵹ǲżҪһ̽Ĺ̡
ۣ
ǰŮӾһѪҺڷ͵ϮӨһ֮󣬷˻Ҳܵһķɣоѡ
Ҳ׷ױɫʱڲӣȻиڳнԲСӡ
Ů˫ɱ⣬ҳղųֻԼ֮ˣȴǲö֪־ŭŭĺһ
ӨԼԭûɻܣܹͣԼģһˡ
ǰлл֮
ӨСʦ̵ڣ
ʱ֪иڣʱҲˣĹϻۣȴôҲǸгֵĸ֡
ŶлͲӨǲǸÿأ
͸峺Ĺâ΢ЦӨ˵
˵ע£ӨϾǸŮӣߵͨ죬Ǻ˵Цߴı飬Ϊ㵵һжӨɰøС
ЦҲֻǵȻһЦǰӨҲ֮ŭ
ǰ㲻Ҫ˵ŶӨҲǰʦ֪ˣӨָ԰
Ө˻Եĵʫ֮£ʲôʦ̳ʲôͽܡ
˵ʲôΪӨĽ֮⣬飬ڣ֪жŮ߶⣬ԭҲܼ򵥣ǱӵеĹʱ
ЩʱʵϣҲϣԸϣԣ˽ԲΪ֣ȴǾе㾪ˣԼͦӨӭġ
˵ȵļͷȴֲóȻжͻϮֵŮˣʱԹ޵
Ыӣ⼸޻ļһҳ֣㹻ˣڣЩɱŵӵļһõӦеıӦɣ
˵ʱѾһ䵽Өߣ΢ԥ˲䣬Ҳ䵽ߡ
ǰ»⼸һ֪ġ
幧ĻشȻ޻ˡ
ӨֳСѾڵʿҲѾǵһ壬ΪһǿӲ壬ʫĳʿȻһֱš
ڻɽѾƣȴ̵ġ󡯣⡮󡯶вȴ޷в޻ˡ


1020 
ʱԷսڳ⣬޵ʤ˵ʵ
ڵ
һظղűжϵ
ּ
ڵӺ죬ʱʿȷŸǿ˼֣޻֮
ԭ˲ûнЩ߷Ͻ֮Ϊ󳬼֮һ޻ĸ֣ȻԼİ
Ϊĺճ޻о˼ɣʱֵЩԥȫȻûг֮ʱ档
󣡡
ĺȵϾ֮ɫһβ̬ϴԶ
һΣҪ֣һΣֻҪ޻ˣվһ
΢һſڣһҳʯ㸡ڿУķŴΪһһӴϣȻסյƲʣҲס⡣
ɢɫʣĸͬɫĴΪۣ󡱣ÿֶǵɫʱâɽ
ʩɫµķ˸߿֮УȻӿеˣʱЩϷ׷׳˷ȥȻڵӡ
ɽ屻һ㵭סˣ󡯲δ̳ͣʱ֮У⡮ȴѾγǿĽƣΪĸܶݳ󷨣Ȼ׺⡣
֮ʱ׺Ȼ֪٣ڣҲû̽鵽ټ
׺ؼʱ̿ȻͬҲǿԶȥδϡ
Ҳѵһ޻ΪУϷȰֹͣ󷨣ʹ߾ԲŹڣΪᵼյ
˵Ͼŭ⣬ȫû뵽ֻɱڼˣڱעһȻ̫ˡ
˴˴ǰΪʹߵټɵĸǰ޻Ϊʹߵ
ΪУڣ⵹˵񣬶Ҳ֪Ҳôġ
޻ҲãʹҲգܣɱڵӣǾҪѪծѪҪġǻΪΪڴʱĴۡ
ǿޱȵ˵ʱ䣬ΪҪʱ䡣
֪ѾƸۣҲŭһڼȻΥʹߵҵȾʹʹɱڡ
ɱ
ͬʱҲչֳ
ڵʹ¹⣬̸λˡ
岢δ˵˵⣬µȻԻ⣬Ϊڳȴ޻˸ΪߣڰСԼˡ
֮ϣӶ£Ȼһѩ׵Ӱһһʯףʫ
ڵӷ׷ʹȻ˱ڿУ޻Ҳ޷̽˵Ĺ켣
˵ĵȻɽ֮ϣǧ֮ڽŰ£ۣȴһУͬһȹϴŵЦ⡣
жڣ˵ȻҲ޾ɫһ̧ͷ֮ϣ˷ܵ׼Ħڴ˴δս
սѾ޻ΪɢŮѾ˷ɽԹ޵·ǧˣжĶ
ţԾһˣҲȡƬɱܷˡ
Ůһ˿֮ɫо÷ҪĶ֣ﶼһ

Ů͵ŭһɽնǧɵİââֱ˵ĵ֡
ڵȫһˣŮԳ֣ȴýд󾪡
֪ղų֮˵ΪԼ֮£ڴʱѰΪ
ǣǰŮѾֹ֣ҲЩˣοʱеǰҲ԰Ů֡
һ͵ϮɣڶΣݴ˼ɱ⣬̲סһߡ
ֻԹۣ̾ǰŮ̫ţȻ뵱ɱ˵ĵӣΪֻѰ·
Ů͵ϮĽն˵Ӻ󣬺һɫ赲޷ͻǲϣɫϷһҵײɢΡ
ɫַķڵߵĹͿɽ֮⡣
޻ͬʱ󾪣ΪһȻǺ޹ЧԷƾɫϱ㵲ס˵ڵһ֮
ûϷж
ŮӺǳӿֳĸоʱ˿ڵѾЩѣǰŮȥǿߣʵǲ֮١
˵зŭѣͬʱֶĸмΪڳֻѾŮӵĶ֡
΢΢һЦڵŮӣ˼˴๼
Ůв˵ȴоһɴԼϮ徹ȻĳԷ˹ȥ


1021 
ʦ־ң
Ůֻƾо֪ǹԼڵΪԶԿģʱ鼱֮æȵ
ߣ
ĺһŭɺڵ΢΢й̵ʱ⡮󡯣˶ǸǿƣȴѸٵʧΡ
ܹܵǹƵǿѾļޣʱԭֵΪɲ⣬пܴﵽ˳ֵʵ
ǰ飡
֮ƻΪȭϹϾ˵ϳƵĿЦ
ǰ飡
ʣҲ˵Ůȴûܹǿ
ȿɾɻ
˵裬ǰŮӵα㵽ǰһ֮ڡ
һ޻˽Ծ˵ǿ֮ȻЩǿǰҪ÷磬Ҫꡣ
ŮѾ£ܹµĽơ
Ծʵ֮ȻϲµڵĽƣγ˽֮
һߵʹַ˼ɣֻҪܹԼķͻá
󲿷Է֣ԴƶԷжЧֻҪھʵ²УʵҪƷԷɱԷϲ١
֪ԭ򣬴ʱŵԽƸߣȻ͸ǽһΧȴ޷
һĺôԷʹԪԱҲһըٽҲ˵Ůӳ£ȻʹԪԱҲ޷ӳ
һڿһǰŮѾվϲķΧĿռҪ˺ܶࡣ
ಣ
ŮӵֽзȥȴǺһײһϣαʱŮӲ¶顣
ʱĽΪ͸ģǰŮҲܹʱÿŽ
Ѿһסˣܹ˲һڵߣ˵ʵٴﵽ˵ڣпܴﵽڡ
ȻֻǽĲ룬ʱȴǲˣԼһʧһ֣Ǽֻº⡣
ǰ飬ʦã
񹧾˵һҲ˿
أˣ˾㲻ˣɡ
΢Ц˵Ὣʵأ
иŭԣȻʦǱȭǰʦõ㣬ĹҲˣϣǰҪԸˣǰȫ
ͬʱϥأ˸ڣʱνѡ׳ʿ嶯İŮ
ңɱǣȫ
˦һ仰ЦǱİŮӣǰŮڷӦͨġ
ΨбֳĬв㱻ĻΪʹҲ޻ϼֱ棬Էȴᡣ
׼ǰŮ֮ʱͻȻ̽鵽׺ټƺոճ֣һɽ֮ţ˫Լ
ߣҲһϮµ׺ƾðһ㣬ʱһɽ֮ϣ͸һ˿˵˸Уȹڷ죬һֳƮݵŮɡ
׺ʹȻ˵Ůӣεһ㣬Ȼƾһܹ͸˵
ʹǵŮӣʱ׺Ҳμ穰ɣ
׺ѸٵĽŮȽϣѷɫκһˣǷȻΪˡ
һŮˣһˣܻ˲Ŀʱ˿̣׺Ҫһ仰ֻҪվ˵ע⣬һһѰʫ
׺е⣬о׽ĸоǵһгŮ˱ԼƯ
㾲ƺ˶ס˺׺նţһֱ˺ܾãܾãõ˶һѹֵĸо
ǰСŮҲˣ
һʱ˵˳ŮҲ֪ʦѾԼˣѾҪȥѺѣֻһ;ˡ
ĺͻȻһƬӣ뷽ŵļžγǿҵĶԱȣҲ¿ʼжϵġ󡯡
ɱɱ
ڵӵĺɽȣ˵ĵЩ
ƹ۲תͻȻ뵽ʲôƵģһ𣺡˴Ůӣõɱ
õɱ
˵Ҳ׷׷Ӧһۺƹע⵽ûʱŲϵ۸ߺ
֮УֻʱܹĸܣҲ֪׺ĸܣЩĪ׺ֻ


1022 
֪׺Ǹϲɱ¾ŮӣʱҲżȻֹԼɱ¾ȴ־Щ޿κΰɣ
ҲûãȻɱ㣡
ʹһɷ߷ʧڿУȻٴγ֣ȴǰŮӳͬһ֮С
Ȼӵ⡭
޻ĳ૵񾪺ޱȣѾ૵˵˵ӶҪɳŵӵɷ
ʵϣȿԳ֮ΪߣҲԳ֮Ϊߣһչһɷ޻֮˱Щˡ
ǰ͵ϮεİŮͻȻ͵ĵһɷоޱȣʧȥ˷־ڵĲֹ
ıȻ׺ɫֶ˵ĸоҲ˵ƮݣǷѶȻ׺
ĵһѾʼжˣڿлһĻߣһǿĽնǰŮӡ
⽣ڽӽŮʱȻһΪģǰŮӼɱ֣ߣĽ£Χռޣֻӳʮɾ룬Ȼǲҽһ徹Ȼڿбֳأ֫ɢ䣬ȻڿС
ҪҪٹҾԪԱˣ㣡Ҫɱҡ
ŮڲźԼжôԴ󣬾ȻĸֶΣھȴҲı䲻˶Է⣬ðŮѾԪԱͷ
ıȻ׺ϸֳһ˿޵Ц⣬׺΢΢һ£֮нб֮ɫȴǸֳһ˿Ц
ԪԱһ𣿡
ĵһɷĿڵһУϻɫ֮С
ǰŮһԥһŻϮȻһҽУʹԪԱȴѾ޷
ģĻ쵰޻һΪұġ
ŮĲУȻֿʼȴ˿Ӱ첻ġ
ಣ
ϻɫѸٵŮӵ壬Ȼ㿪ʼԪ֮壬ҵʹðŮֻüġ
ĵһɷץסŮԪ֮壬Ȼʧڽ֮С
˻
ı΢һŮӵԪ֮ڣһɷ»ع鱾壬һɵķǳѸ١
׺εҡҡͷǸֳһ˿ЦԼ޷ֹɱ¾Ϊ
ֹң
񴫵ݳϢȻ㲻ٿ׺ǽӨߡ
ޱȣ޻ʣµ˲㱻ŵĴӰյ䣬ʱ徹Ȼͬʱڿš
չֵʵ޻ʣµѾŵ沿ˣֵͬʱЩ˵
ǰղŶеǰ½⣡
ٴʹصڣҲͬ˹
ÿɷЦЦҲû˵ʲôȴβ
ʱͻȻһŭѾʼڵ
ɱڵӣöȿ
ڿаȻ˵ŷ޻˵עνǰԲá󡯣ʱѾϡ
ãѳɣҵΣӣ
ЩȻ˵׼ȻǰĽѣҲͬʱѸٵı壬ϿյС
ʱҲչ˱壬Ȼһͷɫķݣչֱ
ɱ
˲ĸһԣֻܹȫԸȶԸ壬Ȼһʼʹ˲֮С
һâѾ߲ԶԽڵΪԭΪ֮ϣӵս֮Уʵ·硣
䣡
֮ʱչһ㣬߽ɫëȥһӴĽԻ״̬ն塣
Խ˲ͻϮƺ׼βδ仯壬ʹɽӭУǽӲӲ
ڿӭ󣬽ʮ֮ԶҲͬµķҲͬʱɾ롣
ȴŲٲҺһ֮£·ĲڵҲܵɡ
аȲ˵ĳ֣ԼѴ
ʱ͵ϮδյЧԷƴ˸ƾУ⻹ǶԷ״̬£һ뵽бЩꡣ
ಣ
޻Ҳͬʱϸ߿գڵλһƬȻһСս󷨣ԽΪס˹Ϊ
ʱȻһЦԭ󳬼֮һ޻Ҳˣ˱
ݵС޻
ȵһ˫۾ҪзһХХ֮󣬽ƺ˲С
Ҳɢˣ֮Ȼǹơ
˵޻ҪùˣЫӿɲô۸ġ
ȷʵЫӵıʵҪԿڵкѣ
Ҳӿڵ


1023 
˵ĶԻǱ޻ڶУо⣬ȴҲԲ
ַƹŭһʼˣЫӱƱǣȻڶԷ˵ơ
ڱʤ
֪λϺһȺ鼤ںУǺâѸٵգԽԽ۽ϡ
ʿڡ󡯵ܴ󣬴˴δƺҪԼԵġ󡯣ʿȡõЧɣ
ߣ
չֱԽԽǿŵӵĸ֧£ѾȡԽԽơ
ƾƣѾռϷ磬˾ͬʱѹƣ˽ǿֵ⣬ѾЩŲסˡ
ڵĲ֮ǶŮӾֻǵΪʱ޷ڵѹ
ȻǽҪֵѹΪİŮѾƺһһѪҺ־֮ɫ
ɱڵӣѪծѪ
ٴȵ·ظĻƣ
һǷĿǿĸӵʿǾԲٵģڶ߽Ծ߱
Ҳϧ޻ϧʹߣҪкܴģѾĳ׸ĲЩ޻֮һһնɱ
ɽ֮ƣ˳ԵģҲѾԤϡ
ͦڵصĸԼʱȻҲøһЩô
˵ӱӴĳˣһԴڵơ

һȣЫβķƣĿȴǽ
аû뵽ı徹ȻЫ֮²Сӣ˫צͬʱץ壬צɢǿĽ
ı츳Ϊ˵ãʱڵĵʿ磬˶սڼӣһ֮£Ҳòâ
ʱ޻˵μΪѾһڵߣĪ£ڵʵҲԵɲ⡣
ˣ
׼֮ʱѾ˫צһڿ΢΢ͣһ˲䣬˲лܡ
ߣӣ
ŭһһл˽ͬʱѾչ˲ƣɫ䡣
ΪʱΪǣ˲֮ʱҲͽǿ̽鵽˲ƹ켣Щ֪롣
ѡʱ󷨱Ѿң˻ᣬȻΪҪǰչڵľ
Сģ
񲻹ղŵƣҪǿֹ˲ƹ
ٶȴǿ磬˲ƳʱЫβѾٴչ⹥Ը
ĶԿиռκƣȻǽ߾ȫȻһлˡ
΢Ц壬ǻҲ򵥣ʱ֮ⲻھƣĿǽʵ빥Ůӡ
񲻿ܲ²ɾ޿κΣΪʵ̫ǿ
һĲҺЫβһ˦һɫļֱ̣ӽǰŮӵĸˡ
ŮΣ֮ʱӳһצ⹥ԣʵǲΪ塣
ߣ
һڿеķɵ£ǰŮɫؿʼ̣˲֮ҲΪһͷɫޡ
Ȼо綾Ы̣Сģ
˫һ˿־֮ɫԼһѾһˡ
Һƴˣ
Ů͵ŭ뷢͹壬ȴһʹ崦
䣡
׵ıը𣬰Ůӵ徹Ȼ˲䱻ըķ飬Ԫ֮ڿС
֮ŮӵԪ֮徹ȻҲΪɫʮֹ졣
ڱض£ԪԱ
Ц׼Ԫ֮壬Ԫ֮廹ǸҰɣ˷ˣ
ٺһЦһץǰŮӵԪ֮޷ԼٶȱС
ǰСģԪ֮жˣɡѵдЦ⡣
Ǻǣɱٵ̣ʲôѵὫ֮Ƴ𣿡
ЦʵϲҪƶƾ߱Ļɫ棬ֻʲôֵסɫأ
εЦЦȻʣˣʱѾЩʧȥģǿԪ֮ǿߴڣ֪Ի
ǣҲܣڣһɱǣǽ³
ЦʵʱѾľ߱˾ɱʵ£ʱսѾﵽڣֱڵսˡ
ôŬҲڵΪΪϱ˲٣ټԻԴԴϵ˼£ռݵƸΪԡ
ɱ⼸ΣҪģҲ˵ںʲôʱɱʣµˣҪģȻնɱˡ


1024 
ಣ
ٴ˲ƣǹʼʩͬʱˣֵ˵Ĺ
һһҲͬ³ɫԪҲС
ڵٴκһ˲䣬ʵȻͻƵڵΪ
¶ͷʱ֧磬вһΣʱԼδͻ֮ǰԴﵽڵĹֻԼҪǷǳѵġ
һƾʵﵽʵ㹻ƿ޻˵
ڶԱͷʱٴ˲ƣֱɱһˡ
ٶɱٶȣ̵ʱѾ˶ڵԪ֮壬Ԫ֮ҲС
ɷһ
εѡģΪԷѾӵ˾ƣԼƴȫҲ·һ
ģҪڵӣͣˣ
ĺȵ
ɭԶԣû뵽ԼѾʹ߽ĶΨȴվ
Ҳֻʹ˴ǰҲĸԸ֮£ҵͬΪ֮ˣûе˵ӣһжʹߵ
Цű⣬ʱɫʮֺͰƺпԵԵʡ
ʹ߽ڣҪȥأ᲻
ЦŷʵһҲΪ忴ɱŵӵıǰˣԼҪ𣬾Ҫɱ⼸ˣʹߣȥԸ
Զ֪˼ʱǺڲѣ֪ԼʼͲӦɱŵӡ
ǣʱںѾûʲôˣٴαȭһԸͶڡ
Ϊ֮һнʵ߼룬ڵʵɸǿһ϶ڣǰֻ֮Ȩ֮ưɣ
һı飬֪Լ˵ĻЧڵأϣԸ޻ϵӽ쿪ʼڣģڳΪڵӺһȫΪ룬ڹΥҽ񲻵ú
һԳ״ģڵҲ׷ʱʫڽӽɽ֮Χֳɫâ
岻ĹֵҪڣ֪ǰΣǰӦ±սڡ
Ыӣ¹ϵڣôڵӱ㽫Ȩأ
Ц˵仰һ죬ɳʵ£Ҫڣ֪λкͬһһɤӡ
Ӣ
ԼĪͬʱýа˲٣һ£ٿȱסˡ
ȴɫЩٴʵͬĺɣ
ɱŵӣҵȲͬڡ
һΣУȷŸһ
ЦͬʱѾɫҰף֪Լܹڣ³ֻ·һ
ʱΪĶ֣һظֵĶ֣ƴԷҲܹͶýɫҰ׵ĺѪɫ΢΢Ĳ
ע⵽Ҫ̤ɽϵһȹŮӣŮݾʥ࣬ڽŮӦòͣпĳǿϵŮˡ
û취ˣֻܹˣ
·ĿǽǶʫ
¶Ц⣬ҲЦˣûгΪʫΪҲ¿Բ²⵽ʵһʵ
ЩɻȴҲЩϲΪԼѾȹŮ಻Զˡ
ʱǡʫݵһǽЦҪסʫ
ɹˣ
ʫһ˷ܵȻһݳԼϮǱܵķӦʫѡжܣһѾ㿪˽Ĺ
ʫ֮󣬽˸գ󾪣û뵽ȹŮӵʵȻǿ󣬶ܵٶȿ쵽ԼҲûп
ˣΪ
ʫԷΧҲ֪һ㣬ʱЦʵ
˶ӣ񲻸ҽٳ֣ΪĴڣȴٳֵʫͷϣδҲ̫ùˡ
ϲʦ
˵ͬʱ
ʫЦˣ˵ӵͷȭʾл
ĸɵ
ҲԼùˣôѡĿ꾹Ȼһ⻹˻
ʫʫϲ
ҲЦűȭ֮ϲ
ԭأΪŮʶЩˡ
Ҳϲǰشӹϲ
幧Ĵӿз䣬ȻغȭЦ
һǰྪ֣
ǲ֪Լ˾ԲǵˣڳơǰˣΪж͡
ԽƿԣʫһҪɱ˵ӰɣдڽΪֻع


1025 
ಣ
ʫΪŽһӣһٵĽѾϮ
󾪣˫ͬʱɿ뷢ȴζԷĽʵ̫졣
ֵĹдѣȥƺѻ⣬ʵȻΪ˫ľʵ̫ңԶʫĳ£ްʹʽֵĻᡣ
أ
Һһ˲ûзپǹϬĽѾԼй
ݿĽ˲佫İ߳նȥǰɫѪһѪڿγһõĻߡ
ֻһУΪĽشڰ߳жϺڿоʧȥƽ⣬ҡҡ׹֮ơ
أأ
Ĳҽоͺñһ㣬ɤȴǴı׳
ŷԭʫΪҲǿһĿ࣬˽Լˡ
䣡
ƹ͵ĺ˵ҲͬʱӦƲֻĻҲĺǰ䣡
죬ʱĿʼɢڵĵӡ
һƬƬâ֣Ҳ¶Σƺƴ£ʫȥԵΪƽ
׺ڴʱж˾аѪȷУ׺ĳԵ졣
ಣ
һ仰˵ȻʫʱʫͬʱڿУζʲôʫ֪ɶ΢΢һЦ
Ůй˷ʣҾǸ֣һ˲䣬γ޵ĳ
ǵ׺ȻҪʤһ϶ԣŮǧ
ƽʱЦȴ޵ķչЦҲ˾ޱȡ
ʫƽʱôЦֻжЦ࣬ɢƽ͵ʥϢʥԽ˲¡
׺˾ŮĸоһһЦֻǷеĶʱֻܹŮݣϵıʮַḻСŮ崿б˵̬ʱǰģȴԾļ١
ޣ
а˵ľĿ£ԼҸģϾʫŮԼŮˣ׺ҲԼ졣
㣬һһֱѡվһ˭Ҳ޷ֹ飬Ϊڣ
˵⻰ʱȴ׺
лл
ʫЦҲ׺˿С
Ѿֹͣ˰ԼĳѾɽʱȻڵĵӼȥˡ
򣬿׼ؼζǽų԰ɣ
һŵӾſˮЦ
ԣ͸ÿ˳ԣ˭ôڣ³ٺ٣
һҲЦ
ǻһֻһǰһֻҲն£ǿɵ׼ýסأ
һаЦŶŽ
Ļ쵰ǣϷҪǻŻȥһȫץȥգը
źԼжʱŭȴǸŭԣ֪Լ˵׻Σ
ǣоԷεԼֻԼֻҪ˿춯ǿֲĽٴϮ
ŮڿУʱγ˶Vһľ棬Ϊ׺һв
֪кָ̣
ʫȭʵмֵָȡ
׺ݸһЦ˵ҪɱɱþҲȲˣǻ粻ȣ
˵׺Ȼȥ
ಣ
ֱ˲ƵߣȻǵĸ첲ۺЦ׺
׺ҡҡͷ˿뷨
۸ҵĵǣҲ㳢ʥ
ʫٴλ˫˾֮У֪㲻Աûܡ
ءǰС֪ˣǰ
Ȼ֪ĿûãڴʱǾûлġ
ס±ӣһҪڸģ
ʫԲʲôŮΪĶŹٴһȻ˽ӥצ
ɶҺƴˣ
˲Աһ˵֮ʱ㿪ʼ
Сģ
ͬʱŭһڿмˡ

ԼԪ֮岢ûɹΧһɿֲĻɫ档
һ˲䣬һʥĽ˽壬ʥ֮£һıâڽڿγ˻Чȴֻʣ»ɫĴڡ
ҲвΪͼŵûпղŵΣҲвע⵽˶ڿһŵĹââ֮ɢȴǱɫɲǼˡ
ԼΪ޷ɹԪԱΪΧ󳬼ͬʱˣýֻüһĲЦڻɫİΧڡ
ʫһЦ֪ǻɫ˷ʹҲǷֹɱȴסɫ


1026 
Ҳ˵ͬʱ֣ȴ˾ãǻɫ澹Ȼ˵˲ɡ
׺Ҳ¶Ȼ֮ɫһѾ˽ǰ˫ڿнȻһɫҺͻȻȻǽֶȥ

ɫҺ˵ڹ񣬻˵ڹĻɫ档
˴󾪣׺ɫҺԶùĻɫ档
ȻɫҺӭɫȴ˲ٻɫ棬ɫƴͲһҪȫɫҺ
ʲôȻĻɫ棡
ʫȻ
֪׺ԼһϨ˻棬ΪȻصޡ
ڻɫ漴ȫʱӢ¶аȵЦ˫ͬʱðŨŨĻɫ棬˫ֵĻɫ泯ǽķȥ
ֻҪֻ治ϣܹжǿҵĻɫ档
аһʹĻɫ൱ϡ٣Żᱻ׺һΣԲϴô򵥱
׺¶صǳЦ˫־ȻҲͬƣ֮ð̵Һ壬Һ峯Žֶȥ
ֻʣԪ֮壬ȴͬʱʹɽĶ޷ߣΪǻ漸δȫϨ״̬
ˮܿ˻𣬻ܿˮ֮߱ʱȵĵĳ־ԡ
˵棬ȻƾԼһŮУΪҪԼ
ʱһ̽飬׺ΪȻ˲䱬൱ڵΪɫҺԵΪ־á
˵Ķ˶ɴ۾ŵĹۿһĻʫҲ⡣
ɫ棬ɫҺ壬໥֯һʱ͵ʱʱҺ屻
ĻɫԽΪģɫ潫㸲ǣ׺ɫڻɫγһɫҺϡ
ֻǵһڶ㣬Ļɫ棬Ĳ׺ɫҺ塣
ƴĺף˭Ҳ˭ʵһ־޴ģϾЩףܶڳʱ̴
Щһʹڶ˵ԭֻһαԺ󣬶˶ĵ͹ڡ
ʹȻƾУʱ֮䣬˭Ҳκβ˭
ıսı䣬һڶͬʱںϽ֮Уֻһը죬ѾĽƳơ
Ѿλӣֻǿƽ£˽ȫܵ˺
һչȫʵΪ˳ʤһ£ǻɫѾǿ޷ĵز
һҺӻɫ֮дֻԪ֮ʹΪΧĻʵ̫ǿˣֻǻƣԪ֮ܲס
Ԫ񣬲һ飬Ϊ׺Ȼƻɫ治ɽԪ֮塣
һ£ɫռ˾ԵϷɫҺ巴ͬһʯͶ˺ˮУһ˿ȴ޷ıˮ
ʱˣΪ˫ľʵ̫ԶֻҪԸ⣬ǽ׺Ǿʵɱ
׺ջ˫֣ʼһγ϶׺û߶һᣬΪǿһ֣ƺûֹһ㣬һ·
׺֣ʱڵѾѳռǿѹˣһٴβһ͸׺ǽһռС
һ״̬£ͬĻɫ棬ȴΪռݾƵĸԭڡ
˽Ϊ׺Ҫʱһɿ񱩵׺Ź϶׺ƾȻѾʮϣƻڱʽ
ʱɵƿŻɫ棬ȴ׺˵أ׺ʱȻЩС׼ס
ʲôһ֪˽⣬ھ֮ϣҲ߶һƺǷʦž߱ģⷨʦȴӦݵĲ
׺ܹԤδռʦΪṩǿķԼӵǿϷеʦʱܹйϵȴӽʦķ롣
ҲЩκģΪ׺̫أΪƺʱǿʱʱ򼸺ԺԲƣһǿȴ׽͸
൱Ҷɷ뱾ˣȻ̫̬ˣ
Щˣ׺Ǻηʥôô̬ѵΪǼ
һϣ׺ǿʮȴȻŲСĲ࣬Ծ÷ɵʱ򣬺׺һĨŵǳЦ


1027 
ѵƣ
ĵɴ۾ȵĹâͱ˵Ԫ֮Ҳסʹעע׺ϡ
׺һְֻֻ֣𪣬ʮָˣʮָΧѸٵָָ㣬ǣˡ
ʩһſŲȻڽ֮УЩϰٿţ⻹ֻǿʼѣЩȻѸٵƶŻһ
ЩӦ൱ٻĿɣЩƺҲӵԪ֮壬ĪҲǿߣ
̽ȴѷЩΪ׺૵Ȼӳ
һɫĹâЩľ֣ʩչȻӳ֮ЩҲ˲䱩ǣȻ׺ơ
ֳе֮ɫʶ̽Щ󣬷ֹȻһȺֵ壬ݵߣߣħ߽Բһ
ϰٿŲɢѾںϵƣζЩʵѾʮǿ
Ȼںϣ
׺ƺҪ˼ʶǿȻٴʩչǰٿŲȻʼһƶɫǰΧ
Щ֦һʱȻȫĺΪһ壬ǴִҲһ
˵ĿУһŲһŲԼǧɣɽһֱ죬ŲƾȻҲѾԶ
ɿЦһڿԼǲǸòԼԷƴЩԿ
𣡡
׺ȵκ徹Ȼ˲֮ϡ
ɫҺ׺ɫ棬ȸղҪǿ̫࣬ھȵͬʱȴҲԲ䣬˫ͬʱɫƷȷŸΪǿɫҺ彽˲ٻɫ棬ȴȻɫסˡ
һʫҲˣԼȻԻɫʤɫҺ塣
׺Ҳֳ֮ɫû뵽Ļﵽǿľ硣
׺ˣȥɣ
˵ȻռϷ磬ȴаԽп࣬Ϊ⣬ɫļһ룬Ҫòָܹ
Ҳұ֤ɫ԰ȫָԷһֱţԼҪɫ뷨ˡ
ţǣδػЦ󣡾ƾ仰ҽͻȥˣһҪʤ㣡
׺ңĻ̼ˣȻڿжǲҲ֮
ӳӳӳıӳ
׺˫ַɿڿ趯еĻˣ
ܹ˼ӳ־ͺܱ̬ȻԸԼӳô౶ҿⲻǱұر𣿡
о׺ڳԼɫҺǿˣԼĻɫ潥ıʳֻһʼؼ׺ļӳ̫̬ˣʱɢƾȻµĽơ
µĽƱƵһ˲䣬һƬҺ׺ķӳֵ£ͬʱҽѪҲɫ԰׵ѪҺ
ಣ
׺¶εĿЦ˫㣬һƣңƽ͸ģζ˿Թۿ˵ԡ
ֵıԣΧߴڷǳΣյ״̬У׺עⲼ½Ʊˣֻ¾ڶɢӴ£ųʮ֮һŻɢڡ
ˣ
׺ʱԶԶһ״̬µƣǣǻɫ潥ֵס
׺ӿâϷʹӳʵѾﵽһǳֲĸ߶ȡ
жϣڵҪԼǿһֹɫҺռơ
ʵһУ׺ʱǿ£ɫѾԽԽ΢ڽϨĳ̶ȡ
ңԲ㣡
ҧ˵ʹѪǣǷĻɫԴԴϵĳɫҺȥ

ʱѾſ˫֣ǿɫ棬ԻֲΪϵơ
׺ʱɫ԰ֽǿʹüӳҲʹüӳĳ̶ӦڳǿʹⱾζðա
һɫҺ˳׺ǻɫҺİΪ׺ѪҺ
αˣѵֻΪӮ𣿡
ڿ׺԰׵ɫҲѪв΢΢һʹ
ԣ죬ҾҪӮ㣡Ҫķڷ
׺϶˵һɫҺ壬ɫҺҲԽǿŮɢĶԿǻɫ档
һᣬڵĻɫ漸ҪķһգٲУֻ¾Ҫ׺ȫѹȥԲ̵ġ
Ρ壡


1028 
һһһٵŭ˲ڿʧΣһǿ׺ҲɵһȻ֮ɫ
Ȼ壡壡ȻⱾ廹ƣ
׺еɢɫҺҲ΢΢ͣһСᣬſе
ֹ׺˵ʫ֮⣬˶ľ״ʯ
㵸ӿϲͷҹȻûȻûһľǣߣ·ǵġʲô޻ʲôʹߣȥɣ
ڻΪ屾ҲЩɵˣ˵ϴεı仯ΣôΪΡ
һαʱѾЩ죬һݣ塣
Ĺ壬ʵҲЩգ˾ԲȡЦʱ״̬
ʵҪģͷĻ̬£Ϊ˺ܶ࣬˲䳬׺ơ
û׺ɢƣͬһУ׺ҲԾĸܵӴѹ
ΪϱʱƱѾԺǿˣڶ̶̵ʮ֮Ƽǡ
ಣ
趯צһʱ䲼һǿĽƣȻ׺õĽС
ֻıը׺µĽڴʱ׳ƣֻһ˲䣬׺ҵٴһɫҺ塣
Ҳ㣡
׺ʱȻһеٴμӳΪǣڴﵽļֵ
𣡡
׺ȵ˫ͬʱһâɫ֣Ȼһ˲ڽǻɫ档
ܵϣΪɫҺУԪȻܵζ
лǰ֮
ĵлΪɫҺմȾԪ֮ԭ徹ȻѸٵĻָ
˲Ϣ䣬Ȼ»ָ壬ɫҺ򽫽Χ
ɫѾˣ˴ΪԾû뵽ڱƴȻѷһ
ܹ˷ʱ䣬ҲúұҪ˯״̬ˣ
аһβڿת˼ȦŽͷ׼ǽ
꣡
һηĻɫѾı˲ɫƺĳǳɫ״̬
׺ȫԴԴϵɫҺҲͬʱŽֶȥ
ڱ仯Ϊϱ֮󣬻ɫҲתΪǳɫ棬屾£ǳɫȻɫǿһȼ
Ϊ仯ܵʱƣֱʹȫһ˲伸ȫĻ
ڻϱ״̬£ϻ϶ﵽһȫµĶ壬ȫһ£ƺǿ
׺ҲѾƴȫȴǳɫռ˾ԵƣȻ˲ȫסԼɫҺ幥
¡
ǳɫ£Ԫ֮峹޷ӴĻѹһҵİ󾹱ǳɫ滯ΪΡ
𣬵ƾǳɫɵǿɣǿ£γһ֮ߣϵĻǽ׺ɫҺ幥Ѿ޷͸ǽ
ǿһĿȻ
Ѿж֤ԼĻ׺Ѿ״̬һηһͽ͵ĹͻȻڿоҵĲ
ɣǿķɣ
ʱ˿̣׺Ѿ޷ƾˣƷٵ½Ԫ֮ȴܵ˾ҵĳǿŲڿҡš
ǿķǷǳµģ׺֮ȴû뵽
һʤ׺ǾԿԿס֮ʱȴ޷赲ɿֲķ
ĿǰһУѾǿŲ֣ƺڹ׺Ԫ֮塣
Ӯˣ
׺ЦƳ½Ԫ֮򲻶ϵܵǿҵķɡ
ǲ򷢳һâƺҪ׺ȫУ׺ǲκΪ½Ѿ޷ƿ硣
ĸ׺ı仯Ϊ֪ĹϵԸ޷ѡ֡
׺֪ԼܵԪɱһʹͨҪأǱƾ屻ǿŲ
һͳٵ׺жʩչǲƿʼٵ½һĹȻѾ˼ӳ
ʧȥӳǿŲ·ֽɰٿŲȻһһʧڿС
Ƭɫʧʱ׺ɫѾ԰ֽΪѾ½¡
ı£׺˹Կǿѹ׺Ҳǿ
ಣ
׺ӳһצɽƺһεǿ
׺ΪʲôҪ߾ȫұΪʲô
Ѿɢǿѹһֻ޴צӽ׺ڿС
һ֮ѣֻʤ㣬ԭΪģȴû뵽㾹Ȼӵ屾壡Ҳһţ


1029 
׺ɬЦЦεĿĲΪ˾ǸΪ׺ѾˣЩ飬ԼΪģΨ˳Ȼ
ˣҲ˲صĴۣһ㣻ͬΪı
˵ʱʼѸٵ½вɰ
εķɺأҲֿԳ˯꣬ϣԱҵı壬Ժ֮ڡ
׺΢΢һЦ۾ıˣѸٵС󾹻ΪСˣ彥ĽӲͬʯһ㡣
ǣټצУ׺򾲾У˫۽գ΢΢ǳЦƺ顣
ಣ
ٶȽ⿪ƣʧˣһâѾΪα壬ڿУץ׺塣
ಣ
ͬʱ˲ƣһ˲ʫߣͬʱסĸ첲űеǱ״̬
֮սΪֹɢȥɣ
Ȼ˵Ȼʫʫͷ΢΢һЦȻЯֱ塣
˵𵴣ڼʶʲôŽĸˡ
˴Σ޻ȫڵⲻ˷ܡ
ҲʵˣȻǴ˵е壬ѹֿһζɵĻԼжԽ
ʰоʱȴǾһ֮У׺ͬС
׺ôҪأҪ磬ղžɱαԷ
ǳ˵е˯ˣֽ֮ĳ嶯
ʫанɱ⣬æǰס֣˵ĪҪ嶯˵嶯ħ׺֮Ҫʵ֮飬뵱ҲΪԼսʤֻѣҲԹȴҲ׸Ķ֡
ͷʫ˵׺ֻɱ¾֮ģһʲôأ뵱飬ǿƵŮӣɱɣĵھ͸ɱ㣡
ٴεͷɫ΢죬뵽ǰΪľ˼Ц
㣬İɣҲ˵ħġǺǣǰȷʵ̫嶯ˣѾһᣬôܹúϧأҲ˵˵ˣԲ֮ΣȥԸ׺
ЦеɱѸٵɢʫŷΪһеڴʱɱ׺Լ治һ赲סΪʵͬСɡ
Ͷˣɱ⣬б¾׺ս
ʫҲЦˣ˳㼤һѣ̽кηӦ
㣬СҵǻۣҲûôɵȥսأʵڹŹ֮ղűȵʹ屾ʤңƺûﵽǸʵҲ˵ҺܿܲĶ֣ԣҸûȥսҶֻҪ֣ȻǶ֡
ЦЩ龫֣ʫ׷ģҲ̾Ϣ׺Ϊ̫Źˣʱǿʱʱоʱɱǿʱȴ˿¡
ףӦʹ屾壬ôܻ״̬أЩְɣ
ʫͻȻ˵ɻ
㣬Ҳװأһװˣƻˣ̽ңҹԲأ
Ц˵ЦЩ⣬ʫҲĻЦˡ
ȿȣ
ͻöŮһͬʱϵ˫ۣŶŮգգۣöŮʱаϲ
ᣡԭװԣҺͽ㵣ˣ̫ɶˣ
Ƶ˵ȻʫҲһˮ
ûأһڵģǺǣ
ʫ״̬·ǳղŲ֪ǸеģĲµװԣ֮ⶼ˵ܴ
װˣŮ˰ۣԭŮմŮأ
ЦŮҲЦˡ
˵˵ЦУ׺ȴһΪѾΪһʯĴ˯С
ԼĪһʱѾָжΪҪһʱſԻָ״̬
׺Ǻο࣬һʯ񻹽ұһ꣬ѵҽ㳹׻𣿡
Цָḧ׺壬־ȻӲޱȣ⾹ȻͨʯͷȻнٽ֮ء
֮ʫû˿Ľţ¶΢Цı飬ΪʫУһ嶯ˣԲ֮Σ
磬ǽ
նɱƣȴǺЦ⣬ԵڿЦ
ԶԶûô򵥣Ҫɱ׺ҿǺţķɽԣܷն׼
ҡͷ˵׺ߵȻӵǿķŽʹɺ£׺κθı䣬һ˿ӡǶûС


1030 
аı仯ɽɽСȻ׺ĸ첲һ£ȴǷֲγκ˿ڡ
ãˣװ׺߰ɣ
ӺжݳһװĺӣȻ׺УʫЯ
׺֪֮仯ΪôСı壬ǷԼЯô
ȻһΣ׺ΪʫǰѱҲһΣԣ׺ʫЯ
֮ǰҲѾָԭΪȻڣ˵Ѿ̤һȫµó̡
һվ޻
ҪΪȥʮħ߱𣬴Ҫԭ򣬻һԭθ֮üԼΪΪӦкܶΪԪԼ
ʫѡ˳ΪŮˣʱȻһͬʱ޻ķС
޻󳬼֮һΪʹ߽޻ԵʣƸΪƴ󣬽ݳ֮緶
ʱ޻Ѿھ󲿷ָ֣޻ҲԽ֣ʱ޿̣޻ӭ֡
ԼĪʮʱķУѾִ޻ΧǱ¹һ㣬޻ҲǳأƷ״Χ޻
޻ڰ޻ǽиʾڳţЩǽʹԼĽ޻İ취
һ·޻⣬ÿطߵĴڡ
˴һѡڿһǳصĳ֮⣬˽ʱΧ߷׷ŭĿӡ
һ·еԲʹڣڽ޻֮жɵ߸ʹ
ǰɣʹΪʲôʮǰñֳɶǺε
һ׷ʹƵ˵
ˣֻǱֳɶǺõˣϷ˿ҪֱֳţһҪڳ⡣
Χһ˿ЦڱԹһ㡣
˽ʱЩѵʹп಻ѡ
˽º󣬴˴ΧѾۼߣЩ߿ɲԾŶӣԵҺġ
ڰȫǣһͬǰߣ֮ڵġ
β˵ľ棬Щߣо󲿷Ϊڼ£Ѳ²⵽ԷΪ
һͬǰռ˿ǰһյأһΧĺü˵ľڰ֮ڡ
ͬһʱ䣬ŭˣһ֮£˼ȫִ֮ɫ
òԲ˵߿󼰣ʫŮңһʥһޣȻΧߵע
ѣΪβعأ֪һҵѾǰˣȳէռҵλãд
һŭ˵ȴһǰģпɢ֮
áȡȻЩˣʱЦǶλɵС椣žôˣܹѹ£жã
ʵڿбһˣΪղŵ߾󲿷ںŶӣֱӲмģȴô͵ֱӽмش

һǿڳа֮ԵͻȻһɴԼϮӦһɿֲĽնԼ
˲ɱһץԪ֮壬Ȼԥɡ
Ǵ˺ڵߣʲôɱɱһֻɼ֡
ֱɱȻԪ֮壬Χ߶ʱľѡ
ಣ
Բ߷׷׺ˣϧ߱־룬Ψ˰ľ롣
Ŀ˵һģߣƾһֱŵ߱ȭǰ¶еǰԭ£
ʱʵչֳ˾Ͳ㣬ʱʩֶΣסΧһȺߣǴʱ£óȻˡ
ߣʵǿ˿ǰΪʹ˿ɲͬΪսʹ߶ԣ̬ȫһġ
ŵֵ
ųǰһ˸ߺȵ˷׷׾ȵһƬߣЩ˴ͷϷɹȻǰһš
ÿˣ
׳հʮ֮һţǵ𣿡
Ҳ˰ҲǺˣͬǲ𡣡
ʮ֮һŵִ̱һ䶯ЧΪ˶ԣűϾʮ֮һζǿʵ
òҲˣǺǣ
Ц¶һ˿Цû뵽ԼţʱȻǰ޻Ҳ̫ԼĻˡ
ߣʦֶԽԽʦĻˣҵȡ֮λˡ


1031 
Щŭ˵ǰڻǳ˹
Ϊŵĵռ˳ǰλãΧȻ˺һǶŵأΪ˱֤İȫ
ܹڿŵطվסλõģʵԶԱȽǿ󣬾󲿷ֽǴɵĵӣȻҲǿɢռǰλá
˱ռݵмλãǰͻȻˣЩȻ޽ӽˡ
ѵ֪ǰŵĸ֣
һŭ޲ɱȻû

˺ɽնȻƶûвãһֻʹ˶ɽڵΪ
һһץȻһץס˵ķɽ˵ʧɫûüʹԭΪеķɽȻһը
ɽΪ飬ߵˣֻûԹȥɽ飬ǶһֺһбöԷΪصķɡ
ಣ
ֺ˲ʮɣȻ׾ٵĴ͸˲ֻ֮²õսס
Ԫ֮ת˲ֱ֣ӽ֮븹Уֶ֮ʱΧ߱ܿԶ
ǰŵĵӣнŭȻԼʦȰ棬źôĵӡ
磬ҹȥɣܿ
˵׼ȴѾץסĸ첲΢Ц㻹Ҫǰȥ𣿿ҵģ
ŵĵӣȫݼ
ȵӣڳſγǿҵƣ߷׷עĿӡ
ʱΧѾ˳ɵľ룬Ϊ˲ֶ˶˵ԪֻҪɵӣûԸⴥùͷ
Ȼŵӹȥΰݣôͷ˾̾
ǰſʮ֮һѵų
ǧСˣղűжλѱɱ
۷׷ףŵҲ˴˻ڷŭУȵΪ׵һ϶һŵĻ˵ʦ壬ǰȥΰݣ
ʮӷ׷׳ĵطȥһᣬ˱㹧񣬡ΰʦ壨ʦ棩
ЩŭѾ˵βǰ޻Ϊβ
ʦϢŭ¹ǲʹߣŵﲻ𣡻ʦ졣
߿Цֹǵﲻʹߣ޻Ҳﲻ𰡣
ߣڣ
ʱŭȵ޲ľսΪûϡ
ţ̵ĳ֣λȻǷǳߵġ
һֱϲ΢Цȴ˷ǳĸı䣬ڲЦʱޱȣŵл̿֡
ʦ壬ʦѾһ޻ҵǵڻûȡϵ
߹˵ϥأ
۲תһǰĳţȲҪ޻ˣ̳ţ
˻һ޲󾪣ʫ¶Ц⣬˶Ŀ࣬Ż´һ
żʮд󾪣ΪѾŸһˣǴʱȥζŶʹӣеĺɲſԳܵġ
ҪʵҲӦĿ˵ȻŵӶʱʦ岢Ǵ˵еôǡ
֮Ե˵ʵΪǰĿģǴһǾͽҲѹϣǶһ֧֡
ʦ壬򲻿ɣ򲻿ɰǽذǴʱˣҪ˵ʹߣ޻ҲŹţʦջس
ߵ˫ϥأధ
ʦջس
ʮŵͬʱ£һ¶֮ɫóЩ˶ŻиģΨΨŵƨˡ
ʱ΢ŭȴֲ֪õνͣҲԵЩΪ֮ʣȻһЦŵĵӹȻ𱰣ʦǿЦ֮
ԣаϲ˴ŭվһȴֲҳԶײһҧгݵ
ڣһƢĳϾȻȥˣһָŭڲ֮£һƾʲôָָ㣡
ǺǣȻڲ飬ΪʲôҪأˣΪξͲܹأ
΢Цŷʵųϲ㵱Ѫ
ǰ޻ĵˣʵгеȣЩٶӽ˳ϵݣŵĵλǷͬѰƽʱ˸ҳԶײ
һɽһɽߣĵλиΪ⣬ҲΥ
Ǿ仰˵˿϶Ҳ⣬˷ĸ࣬Ҳһʵǿˡ
ϷˣϷˣŵ˶㲻ϣƾʲôڴ˺
ָĺһһġ


1032 
Ǻв𣿰Ȼ𱰣вҲģˣһҲһʺǿԻһģΪأ
˫֣յĻ˵̬ͺñȳڽѵһ㣬ȻɱȴǷǳǿġ
˼Բڴʱ˵ʵǿĳȰ棬ȴûǳ嶯ߡ
ߺߣϷʺϷвϷ򲻷ϷҪ𣿡߷ŭ
кβң
Ȼ˵
߳嶯վȻʩ񣺡ʦ壬Ҫʦȫ
ЩһȴԵͷ˵Ҫ˼ֻһȰ㲻Ҫ嶯
лʦȫ
߹лȻݺݵವļ˷ɽŭĿӡ
㲻ҵĶ֣αΪ֮Ѱ·ҸĻᣬϿ쳷ţ
Цһ̽飬ǰĶֲŴ˳ڵΪʵȻҲԼ̫Цˡ
ɱˣȤ󣬲ǶԷȰ裬Ǿɱ⣬ԴЩߵԭ
γĽɣǾһս
ƺǣк׹⣬¶ɱһԵȴ㷲ΪǺһǰġ
˽ΪǶɽΪΪˣΧЩȴô룬ΪŵֶΣٶǵڵΪ
ಣ
˲䲼һ͸ƣУȻûжܵԵʡ
ν߱仯ɱɣϷҪķڷ
ߺʼչִڵѹɾúЦȻѰ·Ǿͳȫǡÿ԰
Ը㣬ý
̩Ȼ֮˵ϵЦԵУȵԴ󣡡
һǿƴɢ˳ڵƽ֣߾ȵǣԼѹƺûκЧ
ԭ㲻Ƕɽڵߣ
߾ʵ
Ȼǣһأߣô⣿
˻һΧ߷׷¶ӵĿ⣬Ҳ㲻Ϊһ
ɢȫȻ޿κʱԼˣԼҲĶ֣Ϊʵ
ֵ˰ɣһʲôѹ
һЦһЦȻ߸окȻһֲԤгС
˳ڵʱ߻ֵܹʱѾЩ죬˺ʱд󾪣̲סչֳ֮ɫ
ǹһĨаȵЦ⣬һ˲˵ɳڵƣΪ̫֮ԵʣѾȫھ֮С
ߵţȴǳܲסǿѹ˫ɪɪѾӿһѪҺ
ڣڣһȫ޷Կأ˫ϥһͨһڵأ
أ¹ˣղŲɱΪʲôһأ
˵ͬʱ͵ɳڵΪ˫ĲѾﵽ˾ʵı࣬Ѿ޷ƣһᣬѾ˵ϣ˫۵ɵ߯ԲҪ˵Ѿ˵
Χߴ󾪣û뵽Ϊǿ󣬾Ȼƾѹöƾ׸
㽫Ҫˣ
Цٴﵽɺڵʱ߿зģѪˮ棬ʱҲˡ
䣡
һը촫ߵ徹Ȼ˲ըѿ屻ѹɱ
ƾѹߵα㱬ըʹĻᶼûУеķɽлȥ
屻ɱߵԪ֮ҲûܹߣΪǿѹ£Ԫ֮һ޷ӱܡ
ʱߵԪ֮ŵ棬ſʼģǰҲǰˣ
㣬и˸ңһӣȴΪ㣬Ǿ׼øĴۣ
ſһߵԪ֮㱻УĿɿڴɼܡ
׺̴֮ĻѾǳ֮ˣĻɫȴѾΪǳɫ棬ȻֻǺСĸı䣬ȴͬն
ɴ˳ߵԪ֮壬Ƭ֮飬һɣһ߻Խս츳֮
ƿƣ΢ЦĿһڵӣʱѾǿ֮ﻹҳ
ΧߣȻͬʱˣﵽһеľ룬Ȼ˺ǧ֮⣬ΧԵÿյġ
ʮΪֳǿս̫ˣſû˸ʤ


1033 
һУʵΪɱһ˺Ѿһĳ֡
ǵҲ㽫ȫնɱɣ
ʫ˵¶һ˿ʥЦ˻һٴľ
Ů˾ȻƺΪ˵ݸһ㣬ʵһƥģζʫҲпһĸ֡
󳬼֣
ֹţΧҲ޲ľΪһֻ󳬼ɲŻ֣ɢǼΪģǰʵǿߣһŶӣʵ÷ǳ¡
ЩʫĻæЦ㣬л롣ЩȷʵҵڶУôҲŵģһǾһȻҾţ
ˣ˶ˣһ仰ŵĵӼз衣
ʦ壬Ҫ㲻Ҫţ
ǰ߼ͷϾȻ˿˿亹޲ˡ
ʫһʵڰѹЩӣܿʫ˼
һ˱ЩʫȫЭҲӿһΨҵİ
ŵ̷ţΥͽã
ѾһɫȨȣžȨĹ֮ȡ
֮ȣţڣӵд˵ӵдŵȨ
ʵݣ˫£ŵӷ׷׹Ȼ׼ء
ǿɵˣΪ֮ˣὫôҪǲλѷŭˣűΣӣ
ŵ޲пЦʱ򣬳˳ˣ·һ
ǰ
ŵӸ˳ƺޱȵ˵ȻѸ˿ͬʱշš
ʦ簡Ȩʲô棡
Ц⻰ղЩŵ֪кθ롣
һеĹȨȣȻԥĽ
ӹ̵ͨĹȨȣˣˣ⵹һֵĺñ
ŵӸѾȥȻ˺䶯Чһᣬǰ֮бѾһȺʵǿߡ
Щ߳ʱ޲һȺ޻ͼڳ۵ߡ
޻˺ţֱӷЩߵͷ֮ϣζǵȨ
󳬼⣬޻ô˼ʮɣСɣɢޣͲ޻˵Ƥ¡
һˣжŮȥԺᣬΪ׵ȴһŮӣмɫǿŮķ롣
˾ֱ˵ǰϿգȻǸˡ
žȻΥʹߵ治ȿ֪
һȵͬһƺҪƾѹסˡ
ʲô飬ŵ飡޻ǲǳԱˣ£
ͬЦһҲ޻֮ˣΪ֣õ޻
âã
˵޻˵ĻƣôĻҲ˿·磬̣ɱһ㡣
޻аŭȴûֳϾ۾ǿߣȻ˱ֵĸꡣ
ɫȻ˺γˣһ̬򶨵ľ
˫һڿУһڵ棬޻ȴ˿ûн˼Ҳмա
âҪ
һµŮȻ˵չһЦٵɨ
ǣˣ
ӹ˵ݺݵĵһۣͲ
޻ǳüλ
ŮϸָǿȭЦ֮ȴ֮
ŷǳɣһȻ鴫ӷ緶
ȱȭЦ˵
˵˵Ľÿأ
ŮӷһЦϵıĶɧΪԼƵġ
ʵϣڳΪʫǰǲҪΪ
֪λγƺ
ŮӼЦʵ
ٺ٣ΪԼɣôҪŮˣΪҪأ
ٺЦƵζʮ㡣
ǰҲ
ӼͬʱȵƣȴҲֻܹΧߣƤûգһ¡
ҪҪ
ŮȴЦ˵̱սͣŮһŮȴʼһԲ侲ӴԲ²ݡ
ŵ߾ȻΥʹֿɣҳϲ
ŮһָݶԣȴΧľ
һЦͷµΣˣ㻹ܹҲɣ


1034 
Ǻǣ
ʫͬʱЦΪ˵ͦ˼ԷֶһĶ֣ﻹܹ
ǸഫﵽΪˣ𣿡
Ůָ˵ҲڰԳԾΪ⣬ʵȻȥ
ϻһѣôֱ˵ɣ
ͷ˵
ҪҪ
Ů˵˻׼ʱ˵עȴǼŮ֮ˡ
ԷˣӵʵڣһڣŮӣһԼĪڣһŮӣҲ޷϶Ϊ
Թ޹زɷԲʹǲչǺصŶ
Ů˵󣬳ͻȻһȺƿնֱ˵ǰҲ޻˵Ľ¡
ߣɱ֮ˣҪ޻ڣ
ֻһۣдŭɱӿ
ղų˵ŵӣʱѾֻʣһңѾն׼Ԫ֮ҲѾʧ
ʮŵǷϵĵͷվţղ·ϱ͵Ϯ̶ʱڣսһʣµĵͶˡ
ʮ˽µ󣬻мѸٵ£Ȼɵ¶С
ҪҪ
ŮӵĿͷˣѾ̸ͷʫҲѾŨŨɱ⡣
ڵĹϵԷɱŵӣʫĪĹ
ڴʱһԵŮ椣㣡˭Ҳ۸㣡
ȴǴǳߴߵŮ˺ҡһ䣬ԭƽѾͦĸϵ̬Ůй֮޲֮
ڣƶʲô£
Ǹ߸ŮӺڻУգε촽һڣȻ޵ƶ㴽أϹޡ
ƶһӣ
Ů˳Ц
ӴŰ겻ƶزɱǰһȦָС
Ǹ߸ŮһֻѾŮؿ̽룬ȻץסǷ˶һز
޵ĳȻǳȴ̧ͷԵͷƺŵϵϣ޻ĶŮӵǹŹ֮ҲЩȣû뵽ҲŮͬĴڡ
ɱ
Ǹ߸ŮӺͻȻðһͬȵĺˣʱһҺղŸ޼ɵǶŮ߾ɱ
жʮ߱˲ɱЩߵԪҲûѣ޻ĺ÷ռ
һɱ¾֮ЩѸٵǱ£Χ߷׷׵ͷ棬ƺҲҪϡ
ʱҲ֪Ϊ޻ΪβҲӣԭ֪Ůӵϰԣ޳Ҳô򵥹ۿģøĴ۹ۿ
ȴǿọ̈̄Ǻδչ޻˻Щִģʱû֡

Ǹ߸ŮӵĵϮ£ŮȻһΧ߷׷ŵס˶䡣
һʱ䣬Էĺˣ޻֮Զ֮ң
޻ƹȻͬ죬Ҳֻܹŵһ߰ˣŵˣЩֶҲ̫ˡ
ʣԭŮĽа񣬺ٺ٣֪λǲҪɱأ
̩ȻЦʫ˱ӵĿ⡣
ҷɻأȾ׼ɣ
ŮвˣȴֱǸ߸ŮĽг
˶ѣ¼ʲô޻ѵЩ˵𣿡
ޱĵ˵
ԣ¼޻˼˵
ʫҲЦŸ͵ŮӶЦ
˵ĻȴͬӰ޻֮ŭһΣǶŮͬʱֿɱ׷ʫ
ʲôҪսսһǲɣٵɣҾڵЩ˵Ĺۣ
Ѿ̲סҪˣĿı߳ӣܹɵöԷš
ƶȥɱ
߸ŮӴŭȴ¶ɫֻ´ɱ
ԸòƶְɣڵΪǱԽ
ŮЦѾս
ɱЩ߹ûʲô˼Ըȫ
ЦһҲں޻ļˡ
磬ţһǹĵģ
ҲЦ
޻˴ŭΪԷ̫ˣȻһ˵޻ȫ֡
ȻǱͳȫ㣡߸ŮЦʩչơ
˲δܣƾԷ֣͸ģ߿ԶԶս

޻ˣһˣѾƵ֮¡
ˣ׼ɣ
ӾȻͬ˵ͬʱ˷ɽ


1035 

ˣŭˣȵ
ɫıչֳ޻ͬʱɫԭȵ֮ɫתΪ֮ɫ
ȻǺһޣ
Ǹ߸ŮȻЩ
ҪżҪż
ŮϰԵ˵ͷʵҲЩżˡ
ߣ죡
߸Ůߵ͵һŮʱһʹزֻز㱻Էˣæͣ˵ˡ
仯֮ʫǺˣΪڱ֮£һٱƣǽɺڣγɾơ
ǿ󣡡
ŮֻڶԷѹ£ȻоѹŷԼԤˣԭԷΪڻҪǿ١
Ǹ߸ŮӴʱҲţɢΪȻ޷ֵԷƣɴ󾪡

߸Ůȵ֣֮ȻѸٵ뱾֮У˵һںϡ
ߣһΣڱ£㲻ܻʤͶɣҲ첻ɱ㣡
߸ŮԾռ˾ƣʵǰ˱֮Щ⡣
ЦʵϵƾڵʵҲڶԷ٣ٲûȫľ֮С
ʫɵı֣Ϊֻһʼһ޻ɽţǲζս
ҲὫ޻̫¹ͬΪ󳬼֮һܹȱ¹ǿȥ
ʫ£ɵ˱¹ȣʱҪԷ޻ֻжѣ

ĺȵ޻ٴ𾪣ȫû뵽Ҳ޳˵һ
ͬһΪ츳Եʣһںϵ൱һ߼ں
츳ʹһѾȫ˾֮У޻ͬʱɵˣӼǱ仯˱壬Ȼ޷赲ѹ
ǿʵǰ˵սԺԲˣʣµǶŮӣҲ¶־ɫ
ǷɧĳֻڵΪʵοʩչһأ
޻ֻ֪¸ͲüսˣͶɡ
ڶ
߸Ů˻ڶȻںڱ֮С
ʵһȻŲСĲ࣬ڵĻϣﵽʮ˱ʵԣʲô
ѾԶԶŮڵʵʹһ㳬Ůʮʵ
Ϊ޵ݣڼ֮ս츳ʵսѾǸ߸ŮӶﲻɱƣȴȫȫ֮С
߸Ůӱ޻֮һų޻ųϣʱȴԼԷȣʵ̫ԶˣֱЩ˼ȴʵ顣
ں϶Էںһǿø߸ŮоѣʿҲǰﵽ塣
һӴֱѹȥǣ߸Ů⣬ֲ¼޷սˡ
ѣû뵽㾹ȻﵽΪ
߸Ůӱȭ˵Ѿû˷ŵİ
ôҪͷΥʹҾΥˣɣͷҰɣ
Ц¶Ȼޱ飬ΨпЦ
簡
Ц˵ʫҲڵɱŵӣɲҪŹǡ
ᣬᰡǰҵȲҪɱŵӣֻǰʹҵȲò˰ǰνԩ˽ⲻ˽ᡣҵ䣬ǰܹƽϡ
Ц˵ϵıް֮ɫ֮ɫȥԵЩС
𣿶ȫ£
˫ֺûΪɽƸΪǿ
޻һ֮⣬˹£⼸ڴ޻
Ȼǲ˱ֻһս޻˵Щ
ҪżҪż
ŮϰԵ˵˿ͷȴǷǳСǱڶС
ˣˣ۱ǰ
ŭݺݵһ˳ϣһƳأ㽫İȷˡ
һ˲䣬ǰѪɽȻ˷óҲڿС
ǰԲ𣡶ļµǸ¹Ǹұһӣ𣿡
ЦŰ
ȻҪӣǾһս
˵Ѿһ

һŽŮ߳ԶȻȫֵĹ
䣡
һ֮£屻ɰɣһѪҺԪ֮嶼ˣбɱĿԡ
ǿʵսǿС


1036 
Ҹô죬֪޻ԮôϵҺսȥֻ³ŲʮУ
аżڱ仯壬ȴһͷʮ֮ߡ
仯ķǿ˲٣ͬˣʱսȴŲСĲࡣ
ǰҽͣ޻ΧǰһУңкãһ޻ѵΪ޻ûиĸ𣿺οʹ߻ڴ˴չʵֻ²ֵúýҽŵĵȫˣȻ⳥ǰطǰȫ
ȭ˵һʱȴǿԮ治ǿսҶԷж󳬼֡
󳬼֣Ȼ󳬼ɵ޻ҲԸǣΪζ޾鷳
ҾܾҪôһսҪôش޻Ͷûеѡ񣡡
ȾϷ磬˵
ϵЦŨֵͬʱаԷ޻˵뷨ʱ´ڻûʧУȲսֲͶ
޻ʵֻ¹ôһ˱޻
аӿһ뷨ʮħ֮޻ûйϵУ޻һѪծѪ
Щһɣٹһᣬ޻ԮҲˣڣɱʱ
һ仰ͻȻǣ޻˷׷׷ŭĵ¡
ͶǾȥ
Ͱ಻סҪˣȵκڿ˲ƣȴ޻˴󾪡
ıһţչǿķͷ߸ߵţβ϶µһţѵķ͡

ҽʱȴд󾪣û뵽ԷȻȹԼ
ʵڵĺǣǲγɱ̫ûˡ
ѹ£ںǵжѾܵصӰ죬ʮѣ̸ֵĹ
˫ַɽ׾ٵʵȺɱЧβѸٵİڶţɲǼԱԪ˵Ԫ֮塣
ʱڣͷǵͷ­Ան䣬ǵԪҲûܹϵƿء
ƴˣƴֻ¸޷֧ŵ޻ԮξͲܹٱʵˣðʹı󡯶Կǿаɣ
뵽͵ķһ߿ںһţһϮ
һ˲ס˵Ԫ֮󣬼бԼһзɽһǱնһ
䣡
ɵնеıһٴչ˲ƣҲ޿κΣΪǱѾԼΪǿĹ˭֪ȴûжЧȻԷնϡ
ң
Ůʱﻹиղŵ𾪣˲֮ʱб㾪ֵķ֮
ҪżҪż
ѧŮĻ˵ʫҲ̲סģһ飬˵ЦŮ
󾪣ٴηһ˲еȥڴʱͻȻٴ˲ƣȻѾŮ
Ȼǰʹñϵߣ
еĽͻȻңָǱ𾪵һĻˣıȻѾʧȥƿأȻֹסеƣ˰֮С
ãȻȥд󾪡
ı˺ңΪıϵ̫Сˣ
Ϊм˵ŮԼȻ޷ǿѹ£ͬ˿С
ı󣡡
͵ĵͺһоȻŵЩĺڿС
һУ䱾һ㣬ĹѾͬʵķɽ
ǰɵֵһжԭ򣬵һʵռ˲ƣڶԭҲޱϵ
ŵڿѾɢȻһͬʱҡ˶ͷ­ٴһâ
м֮ӳ
ŵǰɫâ󣬺ȻΪɫ
Ǽӳ£ŵԲֹһǡı󡯵£
ʵಢδھУʱʹȾ˵ַһչҲγһв
û뵽߻ȴУԭΪֻ׺ŶüӳԭҲҪսˣ
΢Ц˵ѾļӳΪȤǿԵõԼʵһңҲΪԼʱ
磬ԶԸĴ𣿡
ʫЦʵɢĹâ
ʫʫЦˣ˵ģĿԴɣ
ͷ˵ٴμڿǡıϡ
ҪƱģǱҪ
ʹӳ󣬾ȻٴŵȻַͬӳֱ


1037 
ǴУƱҪ׼ʱ̫㷢û׼ı󡯵Ļᡣ
ʮ˵ɫڿʱѾһʤģɷһĿЦ
ƾʩչУֻǰȻڿУſеǶı󡯣û˿ľ֮ɫ
аϲû뵽ԷȻԼ㹻ʱ׼УΪķȣȥΪǷϣȴ͸˷֮ɫ
ı󣡡
ٴκ³ٶѾ˺ܶ࣬³ھŵʱǿž޴ͷ­Щ̧оȻӿһƫ̵ѪҺ
ӳ
һâ徹Ȼڿ½ʮɣһ͸֧ʩչӳ
ӳֵġıѾͣƾһı󡯵ѾǳǿӵıߺѾ޾
Ƿһ޴Ĵ󣬾ԲӦñ׼ǿڣǽΪ֪صĴۡ
ЦĹâڽ
ߣ
ֻǺһһӣǰǵâȻı䷽ֱӳŮȥ

ŮƾڵΪܹǱâ롣
ಣ
ʹϵŮԪ֮壬ͬʱƿ˵Ԫ֮壬ҲԵЩϾûǷԪ֮Ļ档

ŮԪ֮巢֮ȴǲŲʣƺ˵޹ϵ
ʹ˵ԪһʱͻȻڵǧҪУЩԪӹǵԪԱרĶԸͷƻߣ
ԣϲӣԪ֮Ѿ

ľٶΪˣҲԪ֮ϸǵıϵͷͻȻǴٱ͵һ˵Ԫ֮ԷС
ɣͬһʱˣлһڵߣľٶʫͬʱһ򾪺
һ˫۾´ŷԼܹ̫⣬ΪʵƺǰŮӡ
Ԯô
ŭȴΧ޻ĳ֣бı⡣
ΪаǰŮӣȴûа֮˵ĽһΣʹӳֵġı󡯣ڵĿˡ
ڲ÷ĿЩԪ֮ɢǿƣ
ಣ
ķɽû˫֣˫ڿдһ׸ӵƣȻһ׹һı󡯡
ʼΪȻΪ⡮ı󡯲ΪǿĹֶΣͬʱҲԻǹؼ汸
ȵǵı󡯽һ׹ֺʶ˲֮
ϵЦͣˣȵʩչֶΣֶҲ̫ˣȻԶȡԷ
ʫͬ¶֮ɫԽ츳ǿֻ³֮⣬츳Ѿǿ״̬
ʲôȻҵġı󡯣
ŵ˵
ٻ
Ȼ˵˫Ѿĵââ֡ı֮ʱǶԡıϴѾһâ
ಣ
ʩչٻһΣǰ׹ǰǿȸΪǿǡıʱı˸ı仯
ã
еΪѾǵıʧȥ˲ֵĿƣֱ̫ˡ
ŵɵġı󡯣ѾΪ˰ɫһâǡıҲͳ׽ɢ
弶ϵٻͺˣϧֻٻһΪá
̾Ϣһɫ˹ʼ

̲ס޵ԼҲѧּܣǿȡ˸һ
иʱӰٵƶЩŵͼʱк˲١
޻ĸڸˣ
ϲɫ
ʹٻٶٻʣĵ
ٶ᱾
ŭ³һӣϻǿһâʣĵɫϵ
ĪǱԪ֮壿ѵǿԮ׼ƴˣΪ˾
һԪ֮壬һ߹۲ǰľƣеĹȨаš
Ѿ޻ֵӰžԷһǿɫӵ£̱չ˶ĵļᡣ
ȻʹٻһٻĿǰֻ弶ܹٻޣ򣬸ղűѾֱٻ˾ŵѡ
޻֣ʱڽ֮ϿգЩ˵ʵҲﵽڵΪڿ˺пϲû뵽޻ǰŵҷһ


1038 
ಣ
Ҫ֮УȴͬʱڣȻŷ׷ʩչһںڱ֮С
ʱ˿̣ƻƿأںһ£ֻһ֮У˵츳Ҫǿ󣬷봳ƣ⼸ܡ
ĵΪңââӳʹٻ֮ĵâڿֱըѿ
䣡
̷ˣѪˣı󡯺ת̵ʱڻĵıը
ʫͬʱĬĬΪѾϢں˵һɷʫʹɷ
ڶʵ£ûյըӰ죬µˣͬʱչҪõĽ֮С
ʹڶǿƣ
һŭΪ壬Ҳвʡ
ʹڶһΪޱ壬Ȼͷĳޡ
ʹڶҪõĽ֮ڣȻ޷Ŀġ
ƺ
һԸ̾һǺһ޵ǿƺѾȵ᧿Σ״̬¡
ѯʾ˽롣
ಣ
ٴδʱǰһȻѾ˽֮ڡ
ˣϲĳƺλʦ塣
⵽ô£˭
һ
ʦ壬ŵξȻŵӷɣȻҪֹȴɱ޻ˣһڡ
ݺݵ˵ͷΪǱը˷Чı󡯻壬ղŵıըֻ»Լˡ
ߣ޻ˣд
мǴʦŭŨŨɱ⡣
ˣֻȴЩɻ˾ȻҲж޻ʵҪԶԶǿ¹ɣ
ȻͬΪ󳬼֮һʵĲôܻôǻЩΣڵ׻ʲôԭһʱ֮Ҳ벻
ҲСˣΪƾƵǿж϶ԷΪ⼫һƾеս
޻ʲôݣֻ˵޻ɱŵӣѵΪʦ壬Ϊӱ𣿡
ʵⷬʵĶ漸˲һ㶣ʫͬʱͷȷʵıܴûǰǰ嶯ˡ
ƺ˼ʲô˵λʦ壬Υʹѵɱŵд𣿡
һŵĳĬٴǴƺʲôƵģڿ˵ԭô£ʵûбҪΪһС¶ȥϿǵǸ˭ɱŵӣ˭
ԣֳȻ֮ɫܿλʦ뷨ǱԷͽ⡣
ʹʱһǧԸ⣬ȴҲûа취Υǣ
λǰλǸλܣ
Ƿž޴ı壬εĵǸ
ߣ
ֻһߣӦԷĵǸ
λʵǿزխ֮޻СɱŵӣλҲɱ޻λ߼ߣ޻һ㣡νභһˣҵλͽ⣬λΣ
Ǵʦ͵˵ƺղŵķŭѾɢھ⡣
磬Ӧɣġ
ǺЦ˵顣
ֺܲԽֵý
һȻͷḧһ£ⷴа˷ܣ·õıһõ顣
ŲæаȨġȨȡ̬еЦ⿴ˡ
޻аϲΪǸͷԼ򵥵ǣ޻ǸʦҲ۾ǰȥ
֪֮вɰľºֻջɫԪ飬ǶıûջأȻ
֪ѿɷ˵޻֮ꡯֱֵܷųơꡯػꡯꡯ
޻ǴʦȻ˵˵ⷬʱŨŨԺ֮ɫ
˵Ӱ
Ҳǳһ˵ֿںǰ磬˵Ѿ磬ȴû뵽磬ʱȻԼǰ
ֹʫҲ˵˵֣ʱаԸпһ֮ǰֺֻֻܵ뷨ﻹȥԣ
һ꣬ʫһ˶ɷȻ䡣
û˵ЩϵĳƺţȴԴʫѰҵЩѶϢҲԳԾ
ԭȵ뷨У޻¹ȵʵ϶٣ʱڼе뷨Ȼı䡣


1039 
û´еɣţţûҲòŻˣ
΢Ц˵ҲѰ˼˵״ﵽʲôΪΪҪԼ˽ͣѵûս
Ǻǣ˺֮㣬ûҲ֮У֪λγƺ
ŹЦй¶˿ɱ⡣
ҲλŮһλŮʫ
˵۲ŶԷı顣

ûΪ౾壬΢Цıȭ˵ͬˣȭڳƾ
ҵ
Ҳȭ˵ȴڲ²˵кͼ
λȻǰ޻ϷΪ޻ĳϣλ޻֪ɷϷӣ
Ц˵Ц
ȻѾãȴȻ˵ģҳļһģһֻϵı־Щ
˼ţ֪ȽλǸøǰ
һСᣬЦˣǾ͹


ͬʱЦһЦʵĻ
޻ʱȻĿĵģո˵󣬴ʱҲĿĵġ
Լʱ꣬ὫʹŵˣԲŴӦ
˫Ȼˣа̾Լķʹı󡯣ǰϹˡ
ջءı󡯣
ϵĺȵһд󾪣æͷӦŵ
ı󡯱ջںȴȻ˷ЧΪʹ˳Խ޵ļӳ
֮¶ʹ֮ɫ޿һţһѪ˵ϡ

ȵһڹ⽫ߵı֣Ǻڹ֮£ܵԪƾȻѸٵı޸
Ƭ̣ߵƱѾȫתûΪΣĹ񣺡лʦ
ؿԺֻ֪ɱɱõˣǧ޻Ĺء

ǣʦ壡
ȻΪȻȴҲûа취Ͼ˵ݿ޻š
˫ƶЦͬʱǽҲڲú㳹ʧ
λ룡
ƣҲֱӳǰȥֱӵ˳֮ǰŽ档
޲̾ڽľȻĿóֵķɣ˭Ҳ벻ɱ޻֮ˣȻԵõ
ڳǰͬʱ¶Ц⣬Ҳ֮䡣
˫ڵ֮Ҳɵľ룬ΪΪּĳ֣ڰ֮ڣһΪǿԻռơ
ȫǱģǰ·˻֮С
ǵĳŴ󿪣ƺרΪ˴򿪣˽ǳٴλرգ¿ʼ῿ŵλá
ǰ·ͬǰУΪ˫̫ԶԵ̫죬ǻΡ
λʹֻ޻ʵҪ̣Ⲣˣλ⡣
ǺЦ߽ʮɵľ룬ǵػ󣬱ɣȴǽ䱸š
ȽӽҲ΢Ц˵˽ͣҵûаǡãҵЩҪѯʹߣλٺòˣһ·ɱȥƺЩף
ЦţҲѸ߽
ֹȻõʶȻˣҵȲʤң
ŹЦٴγ˽ӽ
˽һߣҽһɣ˭˭ѽ
һģκǰһٴοɾ룬ɫȻѸٸϡ
һ˫ľѾʮɣѾʮֽӽˣҲͨߣŲ˵Ϯǣƶʮɡ
ٺ٣ҿѸʹںϱ壬ڽ£˲ȫΪǳɫ湥ǲɣ
аţŪŹȨȣٴγƶһƶȴͬʱԽ䱸
ֵĵʶϷ
깰Цû뵽ԷվԼɷΧڣȴһɱǵľѻᣡ
˴˱˴ˣƤҲûһ£ҲͻȻϮݵʶΪ
ҲЦ
˫ͬʱһЦƺǢʵȴǰԽ䱸жɱ
ʵǽսͬˣʩչ˫ֽ޵츳ǿʫΪֺξս
ңǲǰУұľΣյıǶ֮Ľ
û뵽ҲϲʹȨȣϷȴҲϲȨȣʱóһ
˵ЦͬʱͻȻһɫȨȣеȨȴС࣬еֻɫ


1040 
湻ƻģȻǷɽûȨȣ̽鲻
а룬֪ԷϺ꣬ѾŨŨɱ⡣
Ӵ˴ߵ޻ɽţһ̫ƽǵȴԷȶ֣⵹Ǹ⡣
˫ߵ֮ʵȴǸͼΪսɱĳڿС
˫װɵ̸֪Цͬʱȥ
ڣԲʮǿȴǼΪ˿ŸһЩɽڣڵ⣬ǾȻֻһطгڵߡ
ںܹ죬޻ʵıȱ¹ǿĶ࣬ôΪ޻֮һķӦвǿߣѵΪʹߵԵʣЩȫ޻
а룬еĹȨڵôţѰŻ⣬ȴЩֵֹģиΪɻ
Ϊ䱸һʱ˲˷ǺСһ־룬ҪԽǣٶȣֻ»Ҫʱ䡣
ƺ̫ˣаɣ
פ˵ʫҲͬ뷨
·̫Ϸһ飬봫ֻҪ˲ɽ޻֮ء
Ϊص˵֮оԳϿ֮ɫȴ˵ʱıʲô
ȻдΪβ˵Ī̫ˣͿˣ
̵аŭȴǲɫȻЦˣҵȾǰ󣡾֮زǧ֮⣬ԣϷϺͿˣ
ǣǰһߴĽѾʧĲټ϶ȥȥˣҲ޻ǰöԸԼ˵ɱС
ǰУеһ½ȻһźɫâĴ⴫ר˿أһ׺ӵߣΪﵽڡ
֣޻ܴ֮һһ봫˲Դ͵޻ءֻһСʹԲȺ崫ֻܹͣе˵Ĵͣ
Щź˵˼ȻֻܹһһĴͣȴȻȲлǷҪö֪࣬λΣ
磬ģɣ
ܹϵķԼһнá
磬ѡ
ʫҲЦѡȨһˡ
ֻһС͵ĴһֻܹһˣǱζ˻ᱻɢȻ޷ܵġ
ڵĴ󣬶޻һܴ󣬳޻Щ⣬˭֪״η
ƺ뵽ʲôȻĿ񣬲һᣬ⴫ѶϢѸٵӿԺС
Ѿ˷ǳԪ֮壬ͨɵļ䣬˽⴫ȷʵһֻܹһˣͨĵط޻ɽһɽȡ
Ǵû⣬ôڴ͵Ĺб׳⣬ΪһдʱԷƻǽɴ͵ĪĿռ䡣
⴦޻ܽӦòִĪռ
ðɣǾͨ󣬲֪׼δͣȺܵһ°ɣ
ЦͻȻһϤķţа⴫ȻƵֵķţѵ޻뵺֮йأ
ڴΧвֵ֣ǡñˣ׼ܳƷ治ǳԾ֮֡
굱ЦȻһֻܹһˣôȴһˣȻǴһˣȻȵʱȴͣϷ봫һҲ÷˰ɣ
ˣһһ˵Ĵߣ˫һˣκΣա
ػҲ
¶Ц֮ɫЩѵԼúƲɣ޻˭֪ڴ͵һ᲻ţԼһȴһ˹ȥֻпܻΧȵԼ󴫹ȥһʱԷסԼһҲȫ޻סˡ
ȴͶˣһͣΣ
һͬʱ˼״̬Ϊһ޻ֻһˣƺЩףȴΪ˸ҶԼ֡
ã죡λܵν봫ɣ
꿪ڵ
ǣػһͨ˴ڶֻͨʣһվһ
겻ΧҲеģΪȥĵػ꣬ʱԴͻ޻ΪΪǿߡ
ߣΪ˻Χ㣬Ҫɱ㣬һ𡣡
˵ûʩչͻϮܣ׼봫
λ룡
ЦΪã˸ܵıϢ
˭Ƚ룬˭ԭ˵ǻҲˣ
аţֻҪֿˣɽ֮ѾڶһĺӦ˵Χɱ
磬Ƚɣ
˵֪һ봫پ޴Ŀ飬Ǳ㿪˵


1041 
ȥɣ
ʫҲڵһ봫
ȴֻǰЦֻһԵţҲżЦʵ˭Ƚ붼һģǷİɣ޻ǲ޶⣬ֻǽһ۵Ƕ𣿡
ǺǣǱˣǻǲҪ봫ˣǸΪаɣ
Ц˵еĹȨڵûš
ʫͬʱһ㶣д󾪣û뵽Լ಼õ徹ȻΪԷһ仰˿ա
ʱ겻СȻλղǲҵĶֵν룬ν롣ΪǿߣԶſɲʲô£
ΪҲ֪һɽȣѾ֣ϮǵһɽȵˣȻº󣬹ʼʩµڶڵˣǱʹвֶΰɣ
Ц˵һ˵иû뵽ȻӵǻۣѹʹҲԼС¡
˵Ҫ޻Ĵ֮
ŭ
ðɣ绢ѨɵûӣǵɽҲã̶ѨҲգչҪһģ
ǺЦȻͻȻں˶ɷ˲ӾȣҲʹ˺ʮɣΪҪѡ
Ҫʲô
䱸ԷһΧԼԲܹġ
СʲôѵйڴΧ㣿
ӵ˵仯壬͵ĿʼǸߣȻ˲ʹʮɣȻ˵ʫʫ֮УһһԴ͹ȥ
ʫȻͷͬʱĿС
СĿɿڴУȻ˴
Ͱɣ
Ц˵ķʽͨ˴ֱ˷˼
ɸ߿˼֣û뵽ǻӵеʶΪͬƽѡ
ಣ
ɫĹâѾɽ֮еĴУ⴫һɽ֮С
һ֣㷢ΧȻվžˣЩеػ꣬꣬ʹߣмδߣЩ˵ʵɼһߣҲӵ
ɱ
һһ£˾ͬʱ
ʱ˽ѾٶںʵϰֵĹȻͬСɡ
˵ֹ£ްη壬еĹȨȵɢǿĽ˵Χ
䣡
˵ɽϣ徹ȻǶ붴֮
޻ȻɵģӽǼʶˣ
Ӷдþͬʱһ㶣û뵽ϰһҲ޷ɱ
⻹ǵǸΪļһΪôܽô죡
˾ȵ˵β΢΢˼
¡
ܱߵɽʯͻȻһǿıըⱬըõҲҵĻζ
ಣ
ֱɽʯ֮䴩УŶȥڶƵ˲䣬һըڶɽ
׷
һ£ͬʱŶ׷ȥ
ȻɽϿգŷɽ֮Ѿ˲ǿĽƣԳԼں϶ɷ
׷ʱڿţ̬бΧĿ־壬ڸղŵһвκơ
ʹߣþò
˺󣬲ɹЦ
ߣһʦ㣬Σʹһɱڴˣ
Ц˳νΧס
ţˣ֪˭ʦŵƨĳ˼̫ˡ
ͬʱʹߵΪȻҲ֮죬ʵЩϡ
ߣʹߵΪзӡϣܵʵƣʦǱĶ֣ݵò񣬽ǲѷɣ
ЦɢҲСӡ
ʱѾں˶ɷںʵղű˺ϻ֮ײɽУʵʵԻԷġ
˭ˣ˭
ЦŴǰľˣԽ˵Ԫ֮ɣǽΪһ뵽бЩĪļ
ȷʵ壬ҲǸ壬ԻʹԼ޻֮ˡ
ಣ
ӰзɳȻ仯Ϊα壬ʫ˶ѾӵбıСʲô¡
ʹҲ΢΢Ȼû뵽ԷȻˣ˵ʵǲ
屾塣
仯壬Ȼʹһںϣʵ̱һ޻˲Сӵĵز
һɷڶɷ
ʫʹɷҲѸٵվһƾȻڶԷ˵ܺ͡
һᣬһ˴Ƿգ꣬ȴЦˣƺŨŨŭ


1042 
ѸٵķŶԷʵͬʹߣϸոϵ꣬һʮˣʮˣÿ˶ӵвڶΪһԷʮĿǰʱռơ
˴ʱչʾΪܹ˵ʲôؼǿ޸ķҪġ
˿͸Էʮ˵ΪʮҲ̽˾Ϊ
ͬӵз£̽Էķһ㣬ʹߣ޷쵽ֻܹ²⡣
ֻҪûӵеķȫӵеҲΪ壡ʵ츳ãӵеķҲûʲôá
аţʮ֣ܹǵԪ֮һһɣֻԼĵĵɷϣ޳ˡ
ڸղŵĺϻ֮ʹߵ˼Ҳű仯»δԷΪҶԷڴˣʺϽлսˣǾֻаճİ취һ
ʹߣɱʮħҽΪȥʮ걨һɱ㣡
ʹߵ۾һһٵ˵
ʹȻЦɫ֮侹ŨŨԵ֮ɫ˫׶ĹâЦڿ΢΢š
ҪϣҶԴʮа˾Ϊвӿһŭ
ʲô֤ǱʹΪֻƾ²⣬Ǻ޿Ŷȣʹ߲ϣ
ʹζıЦ
û֤ݵ飬ݵúɱ޻ӣɱˣϷֵܺ㣡ߣղٵҺϷ֮ǰ͹עڣ
¸Цʱ׺뷽ŵǷݵòȻྶͥıʡ
ػҲ˷ʹ࣬߻жˡ
û֤ݣҲϣʹߣ֪λ᲻̶ֻأ
ʾ˵ΪѰ֤ݶѿࡣ
˲ʹҲջ˸бõĻԣΪԷԼηϣѾ϶Լˡ
һͷڵӿȥʮƽűЦ⣬ȵ˵ƽ˵λ֪Ϸݣ
֪ܹľԲߣɫưλȻǰŻȴǺ֮
û´Ӧñ޻ʯ½
˵
ʫͷƺ뷨ıϣ԰ԻһֹŹ֣һᣬǴĹŹַԺС
ʯӦһϣû´޻Źϵ
в²ŨŨЦ⣬еɱȻ
Ӷ˳ڷʱڴ˹ʱˣεĿǶˣȴ֪ڽһɱ顣
һЦŲг˶˵֮⡣
⵹ΪԴ󣬶ΪԼһʵ̫ǿ˾ûʤĿԡ
Ŷ֪λŮǺηʥ
Ҳ̩ȻŮʵ
޻ϣǧӡΪŷˣ
ܵŮֻ̧ͷȻˡ
ˣ֪ɷǱ¹֮ߣ
Ȼʵ
λǱ¹ȵʦƷǰ
˾ȻһЦͯ˵˴ұ¹ȣұ¹ȣ˳𲻹죬ʹߴ˷ȰϷˣ
Ʒǳ죬ΪȻһʮҺӵ͸ͯɵ
ͯߣټ߾Σһ֣Ϊò˷ɾ裬Ըаյһ
ߣëûСëȻҲǱ¹ϼһʦ֣֪ĻΪ˽أ
⼤ŭ̽ķӦ
Ʒȴ¶Ц⣬ΪĻǱ˫ۣ¶ͯЦ⡣
λĶ֣˫̥ųϣʹߴ֮룬ǰԸˣ
Ϻ˾ͬһ㡣
Ҳѹ֣ĸٳһƼڴˣÿһӵв׵ʵ˿Ҫɱ˼ֱ׾ٵ顣
ڷŰ֮̽󣬷ҲԲ˼򵥶Ըģʱ˽ʹ֮
ʹߺ͸ʦȻҲתƵϣʹ߶ԣûʵ
ֽһϷһǳȤϷʹĥ㣡
ʹ߿Цǵıԡ
ϷܺãһˣһҲǻ䣡
ȻЦϴʹռݾƣһξԲˡ
ʹһѾϣÿ˶ж֮ȫǰ̳ûһ׶Ըġ


1043 
ȺŹǵ
ŹȨȣ΢Ц˵ʱ˿̣ѾûҪϡ
۳ޣԼԷ˼ȫгǶ٪޳ޣվԼĶ棬Ǿǲݵĳˡ
ȺŹûʲô˼͵˿ݵ
ʹζı˵ƺЩƲ˵ʵ
ҲõȽ˼һ±㽫ȫɱˣǾ̫ˣ
ЦЦ֮ϵЦݲŽˡ
ʹϵЦŨΪ϶ԼһѡȻҪȺսơ
ȻʮʵǿߣһȴϵԵʣѷӳ˵ʵڽţʹԸ⿴ġ
⣬ʹΪԼһʵռţһ֮һ̽ԷʵҲһֳսģʽԼһΪ
ˣȻҲڵģʽԼһҲڣ㹻ĽԷһҪġ
λ˭սһ
ʹЦʵʱȴüͬʱӦŵԸһս
ˣ˼ͬʱӦŵԭء
żһҲûԷ˷ΪԼһ˭ԿʤԷ
ʹߵͷ֪սͬóһϣҪѡһˣЩѶȡ
һ˭һ
ʹѯʵնԷĳóս֮ˡ
еĹȨȣаȵЦ뱾ЩıϷеκһ˳սѡɣ˽Կɳս
ǣҵȺξˣ˭һֻ³
Ц˵Ȼ
ʫû˵ֻǵһЦͬӵǿʤ
ߣ̫Դѵ껹˲ɣ
굱Է
ϸˣ˭սҵȽԸӭս
˾ͬ˵໥֮ĬԶ
սδʼ˫ѾչһǹսʹߵĿʼ
˼˼εǲݵս˿һЭսǾԲԼжУף
ʹ߹ЦȽضԷƻء
Ȼ°ƣֻǣʹȴЩɻ
˿ԴЭǺ˼
ʫɻ
꣬ǽ͹أʹ
깰ֵŵȻͷЩĵ˵ѵض˵ɣ磬˫սʱΧ֮˿ʩչӳŻսߵʵﵽǰδеļ£Ǹ˼
˶ʱȻȴЭȴǾó
ζüӳģʱ׺ͺˣǿ
аš
磬ʹüӳǵһᴦڲһ棬֪ǿԼӳֶΪ
˵
磬ضûаƣǺαѭأ
ʫҲ˵ʹЩˬˣΪʹ˵ȻһϷԲܹ˽Ϸƽ
ôǲҽս𣿡
ʹ߹⼤
ãͰأǼӳ֣Ȼ˶֣
Ӧ룬Լǳ֮ǲҲԴЭأӵǿЧֻ¶Էδ뵽ɣ
ȻӦˣʫҲ͵ͷ˽ϳս׼
˫Ѿ̸ףǣͬʱ˽ǧɾ룬Ȼžһֵս
ս
ʹһʼɲ뽫ǿĵϳѡʵϲٵꡣ
ʹߴ˷ģ꽫һս
깧ȻһѾǰԷˡ
˭ӭս
ĺȵŵ浹˽ǰɱ˼
һ٣ٻ֪ʲôɱʲô𣡴ӴԺ꣬㽫Զʧ
Ϊгսһĳ嶯
꣡սС㣬ͻΪ꣬һ޵ǿ޷ģֻ·һ
һȻΪ˼ŭ꣬õϳĻᡣ
ʫЦЦƽ˵սңҲȡһʤ
ķζ챻ըˣΪĻ̫ţֱƲԼʵ
ѣЩȴ޷⣬ñȻ֮ȥ֮ģںǡǡǷǳںһˡ
ȻȴҲѡһ֣ʱֱӺ˵͵ʫΪսʤ֮䣬


1044 
˽һǿʵ磬һߣĿŨŨӣ֮ɫԣǾܵơ
ѡΪʱȻתȥ˫ֱڱеĹȨĻȻֻһӰƸ׼ŭꡣ
ʵ̫
ŭϷҪ㵥ֽսɣݵĻȪ֮ս
ٺ٣Ȫ֮սôɲˣϻȪɣǶλֳܿҲ׷ĻȪ֮·
ŲæתȻ󼸲мսش
ҡҡͷû뵽ǼһȻѡԼ
磬ͣ꣡
ʫֻЦЦȻ磬ͣ
ػ꣬ɱ˱ʹߵ棡
ʹһɫ˷ܵɫͬʱߺɱϵռЩơ
Ѿʹ˶Ϊ츳Եʣһ߱ʵ
ʵʵһ겢ǽޣʱűҲ˶ʵ
˽Բ֪ʵʹҲΪǰڵΪŹ˲ãԣнԿʵ
ǰΧʱʵöԷʯ֮УȻԭģʱԶ֡
ѾΪ壬ʹƿǳǿȻֻǱˡ
ѹ˼ν֮ٶɱһᱩ¶Լʵ
겻ѣʵҲһɷںϵʵǿ
ԲҪٻɷֱӽɷ뱾壬һʵİɱ
ѹ֮ʱ֧һܵ״̬͵ڿսƺЩܲ˵ػǿѹ
ߣԭʵҲ޻ţд
ԼռϵƣеľĴ󽵣ΪԼĶ֡
ʹһѾ˵Цʫ֪ˡ
ŶΪԼʵǿбɱѽûǸ¾ͱﴵţ
˵ʱ򣬺һڽɫѪҺѪҺûģȥѪҺһģһٿԺŪԷЩˣʹҲжѪҺ١
Ե壬ȴڱŭ죬ƢѾЩ಻סеɱˡ
ܣмǣУ
ȴǾֹʵѵ
ܣͣһԴ
ػǹ꣬еûΪжôǿ
λֳǷģͿɱŵСӰɣ
깰˵ϵʮ㡣

ಡһ
꾹Ȼֱչ˲ƣ˲Ϣ뿴Ƿɱ
ﵽԼĿģȴװֲģݼκԡ
һβѾݺݵĳؿڴȥ
˲Ƶٶȹ죬ûеס⼸һȵ屻̴ŷӦŭһȨȾֱնȥ

ȣһˣĻᣬһ˲ƹݡ
ɣ
ŭؿڴһȻսѾβ͹˷
һ˲䣬ˣμˣؿһƬѪģҲӿɫѪҺ
ԭ˲Ϸղ飬Ѿˡ磬ϷһͶĻᣬΣ
Цʹһ׷׳Գƺ߱ʵҲЩ˵뷨
磬ס
ʫǾݴı飬ʹһ˼թԻˡ
ʹıʫһۣʫԽԽԼˣ໥ĬҲԶ
ʫ䣬ȻҲŵĺ磬ˣҪǿս
Ʊϣʫ̵סɫȰ˾򲻿ɣղű㶨˹أڵʱ˲ɲ롣ʱսҲܹƻһӢ
˵ıϵһһʹһҲû˿˿쳣֮
˵ĺãǾԲܹƻģҲ¸ߣѵ֣ǾͻԹ۲ɣĿ湻ģ
ʹЦȴЩʧΪֵʵ̫СˣƺЩ񫡣
ǱңҺƴˣ
ŭеĹȨȺָ꣬һ֮ƴ̬
ϷƴˣߣǸЦƾʲôϷƴƾʱʵϷ׾ٵɱ㡣û뵽ʵҲҿڳԣǲ֪ߵغСӣ


1045 
Ѿ͵˶㣬ղŵ˲ƹʵֻ̽ȴջǾǶԷʵԼԶ

ŭƺ˲٣ˣȻɢŲСĲࡣ
ٺ٣һΣϷɲˣ׼Ȫɣ
귢һЦٴʧڿС
ڶ˲ƣһΣĸǿĿѾشô򵥣볹ɱ
ʹһ֮˽Ϊɱʱ漣ȴڴ˿̲ķˡ
˲֮ȻҲʼʧڿУűһĲҽдҽȴǴд
һâҪ˺ΧĿɲǼնҫ۵Ĺâ⻪ĹâȴζϢ
ʵѸʱӳɷںϵʵɵĶγ˾ʵ
οһοɱӵоʵĸǰɱԷΣ֪
ܣ
ػͬʱ˼Ҫȥȴʹһֹס
ͷ­ѾǹȨն£Ԫ֮徹ȻҲûơ
ɱͬʱѾѸٵͻ걾ķ֮صԪ֮ץС
Ԫ֮˵֮ʵȴǿ겻٣ƾǿ֮ԪץС
Ϸ򲻸ģϷûںϵģ̫ƻˡ
Ԫ֮屯ߵĺ
Ǻǣԭ޴İ׳գˣ
΢΢һЦϵƾȻ˲޸ʹһĿɿڴ
ſϷ򣬷ϷͿ
Ļû˵ȴˡ
Ԫ֣ٻĵԪԱвǶԱٶԣһЦ
ЦȻһڲʹû½Ԫ֮븹С
ٴĿ࣬ʹҲЩˣû뵽ڵʵȻ֮죬ӵԪ֮Ҳɡ
Ԫ񲻿ܵĶ֣ܣжᣡԪΪԶȡ壬ǽĺ£
͵ĺвŭϲ
ţ֮²δںűԻɱ塣
ȴӵǲʵжϣϣǺܴġ
ʹȴƺʲôҡҡͷлᣬôԪ֮塣
ٴ΢΢һЦڽڲǳɫӭԪ֮塣
ȻԷԪ֮壬ǳɫ֮£Ҳ޷̸ֺᡣ
ڵĻ˲٣Ҳ׸ӵԪ֮壬еĺΪأп޷ǿɣ㲻ԷᣬҲԪ֮ķɡ
걻ģԭΪԪ֮屻жĻᣬɵ㷢ΧǿֲĻ档
ͬΪߣĻԾ߱ʮвԣʵǺֹһΣԣǳɫ׾ٵĽ֮סûаѵĻᣬ̸ᣡ
Ԫ֮ǳɫͻİΧȻжᣬǣһ˲ʱ䣬Ѿܵǿ֮
һԪ֮΢ƶһ㣬оԪ֮屻ǳɫɵļ˵ɣ˵ԪڸΪʡ
һӣѾЩˣ޷ͻΧǳɫҲζԼ޷ƿء
ôʵʵȻǿ󣬿أȴĵΪᱻɱڣֻԪԱĻᶼû˰ɣ
Ѹٵ˼ţкڵҪ£ԷƣٲܹöԷù
ŭȡеĻںʱ׼ԪԱֻҪһ뵽ԼڶԷڽԪԱоֹס˷ܡ
ȻҲǣǾǲȷԼǷԪԱĻᡣ

ŭһȻһݵƸоû뵽Ȼ޷Ա
޷ԱǾζĻᶼԼƿУ޷ܵģȴֲòܡ
磬磬ң
굽ֻʣһ;ǣȴˡ
ȥ΢ЦаŹȨȣѾʹǱһƬȻȻһĳš
һսˣ
ȻЦȻһѾصԼһӪУʹɫӣа֮ɫڲزסľϲ֮ɫ
ʹ߶ԣֵһᣬֻһӶѣȻӣǾͲ˿ͬġ
ʤ˵һʹ߰գоĳ̶ֳƭˣϲɫǾԽԽ˼ˣֻжִﵽһʵȻٴ򵹶֣ŸսھʵͬʱҲʧȤ


1046 
꣬ػǳŭ֮⣬Ƥûգһ£޻Ҳֻĺһ
ʤ˱ҳ£Ӯµһʲô͵սɣ
ʹ߲ɫ˵Ȼ¼ˣʵڣ˭Ըսڶ
ػԸҪڶս֮⣬˾ȻԱֳĬ
Ѿǿ󣬲ʵϣڼıϣԣ˽ԲԭǿĶ֡
սڶϢһᡣ
Цʵսʱ佫Ԫ֮ˡ
ӵ꣬ԿǸСĿ飬⼸൱ͬߣвأᵼ߻ħᵼǿԪԪʱġ
ܹԪ֮壬ʹһ˽ԲԸսԭڣΪͬԪ֮壬⼸δŵ飬ֻܹ˵츳Ѿﵽĳּˡ
ԣ˾ʹȴҲŲϧԼСĿǺ޴ۡ
ȡӭӵڶսʱһ£ʹһ˽˴֮ġ
ʹٴѯʱȻһϵԸս
磬ýɣսһ֣
Цͷǣأʫս롣
ڽ˭Ըӭս
ʹҲ֪ԷΪͻȻˣʱٴζʵ
ʹߴˣԸս
˹˵һΣȻͬʹҲΪŭ
ǰƶĹأһ֮˵ʤһκ󣬿ѡһսԣʫԸսԭڡ
Էֻˣ˭ܹӮһôսĴֵ֮ٿӴļʡ
ˣ˭ҲɵϣԿǣǵ͵ʫΪǿԸѡΪսԭڡ
һȺųѣ̰Ӯˣ
аû¹ԷΣȻֻԼһǰҲҶʮ˵ΧַǸ޾Էľ档
ʫԭƽ˽ԸսԼʱҲЩŭˡ
ЩһѵΪҺ۸ɣҵΪ̫Ľҵ츳ȴһֱ
ʫа룬һɱɱӣȺȴҪսڶ
ڿʼԪˣھôɺڿڽصɣɲźۼ˺ѿ
ʫµʱɣµ֮Լͼ
ʹһ⣬ʫȴ³ԭڣаȻ뵽һʱ
վߣȻ˪ȴڽ䱸Ϊɻ
ʫʹһҪսʹҲЩΪѣʵΪλڶԸʫأ
ʹߴˣܶԷ˭ҶԵսһҪΪܱʹ߸Ļᣡ
дʵ
ʹߴˣػһ뷨ҪΪܱʹǳս
ػҲǿ
˴ʱɱǳޣǺϺʹߵͷ¶״
ʹߴˣɱұ¹ȣҲҪг˵Ļᣬʹߴ£
¹ʦҲ˵
ʹٴεͷ˾ΪޣսɵҲ㡣
ʹߴˣΪ޻ţ˳𲻱ΪţȻɱҵӣҾҪɱŮˣҲᵽֳ޵ʹࡣ
޻Ҳ˵ͬ㡣
ŷ˸Ҫ˵ʹ߲ͷİڰ֣˵ˣʹѾףΪ޻ŷˣҲΪӱǰɣ
ŷǵͷ
ϣΪβѡһսҪսʫأ
ʹЩõʵ
ʹߴˣԩ޳𣬵Ϊ󳬼֮һҵά񣡴ĳ϶ԣ¹޻ĳ˱ĳˣҵǰܵսǸʵ죬ǲްնԸʫʮգսʹߴ졣
ϾȻͬʱ˵һֲ
ʹˣǶгսĳɣǶԷֻһ˳ս磬ѡκһˣΣ
ʹ˵˷׷ǰһԴӦ
Ϊ˱ʫУ˾ȻԷսһֵĿѣѧķŭʫ
ʫֱΪ֪Է˵޷ǱƵĻǻ粻
ڷͬʱԷÿһ˵ʫһһȵ˵ϣѾȥƬ̡
ѾչɣɷǰͬС죬ȻǷָԪǳɫԪָǷָӿȥƬʱ䡣
ܹһսһɶԷԪ֮壬ԷԸսʱ䣬ԣֱ̫ˬˡ


1047 
ʹһ˵Ŀڸȴ޷Ӧƺûѡһ֣ɷ׷ʹߡ
ʫڴʱǡʹʵʫʹ¶ԸսڶҪѡ˭Ϊ֣
ˣʫѡһԽģĿһ䶨ʱ䡣
ڣʫָһˣЦˣ
˶پ⣬ȴЩ鲻ԸΪղűȥκһ˶սΪԼóıǼӳӳԼϣôʮԡ
ʫҲ֪ʹüӳʵԽղսһʵδָ۷״̬
ЦʫһȻѸٵתΪ߱塣
ʹɣȻѡ˱ǱͲʧ
ʼ飬ս⽥ӿֳںϺʵҲСӡ
ಣ
ʫ˷ɽȻߣαǱ壡ɣб±ң
㾹Ȼߣ
ȵ˵ȴǰϲΪͬߺѴͬߣз£ܹռݵҲԽԽǿ
ôˣѵƲߣ
ʫ˵Ϊ˸ɴʱ䡣
Ȼֻߣˣ
Цȣӳ
ǣƼƾһʫ츳ڲϽһɷѾﵽͬȵıΪıǿʵϣʫʵҪǿ١
߱츳رãⱾʫĽ޼ҲƽʹһʵҪʫ
ʫӳʹɷ󣬱ҪǿĶ
Ȼʹӳ󣬱Ϊ˲һʵҪΪǿʫ
ԼʹüӳҲҪ۵ģӳֺҲζսбսپΪڼӳʵĵ˫ԭġ
ʫɣ
ſڱһɫȫĽ뵽ս״̬
Ϊ̵ĹֶΣһб幥
ߣ󲿷޷ɽ˶졣
ʫֻʹɷʵս
ಣ
ʫķɽ΢΢һʥĽѾնɫ
䡯һ
Ǳâײһ𣬷һ޴ıը˺ɣʫ˳ʮҵľ롣
˫ʵǿһĿȻ˵ҪǿʫҪƾһʤȴһ򵥵顣
ͣ
ٴһ޴βͻȻ˲ֱȻǱͬʱͬʱĹҲͬУ˫¡
ݵò񣡡
ʫ˵зɽնһǱĹһȥնβ͡
˵Ĺʵʵģһҵײͬʱˡ
ʫڿʼʹʥʵս˲ãʵѾ޼
ʹһŷʫеôС෴ͬʹ£ȻӳһʵսΪƽ֣ʵѾ˵츳ҪǿĶࡣ
˵սǳ٣ӰӰ裬ǽڿмΪһš
˫Կ죬ȴΪ˫ʵಢһֿٵսȻȻֻսƽֵľ档
ԣʱսƽζԼ֮ԷвЩˣΪսΪӳԵʣĵٶȱȶԷҪϲ١
ʫðһһʽԷսǼвУΪֱʱȻΪԪ֮㡣
ΪʫռƣֻԶռơ
֪ʫжٵֻ»ֱͶΪȡʤ
ʵﵽӵжĵزˣھʵ֮£ҪɱԷ壬ǷǳѵģҪɱԪϼѡ
ʹ˸йϧƴˣĿڼӳ״̬ش֡
ʫսȽȵҪǱЩĸꡣ
һĻᣬʫûдĸĻᣬȻһնһСβͣŭ
Ľڵסʫķɽ󣬱Աײʫ
ʼʫԵЩֲ徹ײ˼Σں漸Уȴı屻ʫɡ
ãʵ½ô죡
д󾪣֪ԼȫĴУٲ취
ʫΪߣ츳Ȼǿ˶ûϵģ˿̵ľ㽥ʫ
Ϊʹ˼ӳԣҲƽʱĶ࣡ʫʫֻҪټƬֻ̣бɱķݣ
˫ۣȸղŸΪˣ˶̵ʱѾԪ֮ϡ


1048 
ԭˣ
ʫЦΪζԷĹԵô꣬û뵽ӳҲƣֻҪסУȵʱһԷֻ·һ
˵ػͬʱһһۺ󣬽ԸܵһֲĿ־塣
곹ʧˣԪ֮ѶϢҲȫʧζһɡ
Ԫ֮壬ѾǸ漣ˣȻһʱұɣʵֲ̫ˡ
ڶУȴ΢΢Цţ̬ȻԵãʹһ԰Գ档
һʹ
˵ػ⣬ͬʱ֣սеʹ
˲䣬׹ͬʱ֣˲䣬һ𣬷ս⣬ٴγʫ֮ʱѾȫȻİΣʹܾ˵Ĵ򷨡
ʫţοʼϵܣԱܵзâĲսԪԱĶˡ
ػʩչ˲ܹսܵơ
ı屻ڰɫĹâУʫնµβ;Ȼ´ҲָĹʫͲںǷˡ
ʫ˿޶꣬ʹ󣬽ȽӲƴʹзĲԡ
һ˵̬ԱȸΪԡ
ʫ̩Ȼ֮Ųæ׷Ƚķܣĸ꣬һشʫΪԼһӪػͬʱʹ
ȻҪ޸ˣüΪޣĸµķ񹥻ûܹʫԼԽ½
ʫԲӦ䣬˵ַʵǡÿƣʱƣǽ߾ȫҲ޷ʫγв
˻սȴѾעʱʫпϲԭڶ󣬵ɷӽΣʱսɷȻˡ
޳˵ɷ
ʫаϲ
ٴιʫ¶ϲɫȴֻǿܹ
ʫҵѧĲˣȻ»ʵ
аЦսеĶˣҪϲ٣ճ˵ʱѾȫУʫȴװҲĹȣⲻģΪʫԼĵĲ졣
ʹҡҡͷֶԷ˸򵥣ʹ˼ӳҲʫĶ֣һ߶Կߣǹ˵ġ
˵ı죬޻ȴа̾һûϵʫʵȻôǿ󣬶ǿܾѶ
ȴȫȻ֪ɱʫڿʼչһصʵɽǿɱЧ
սȻֻз֮Ϊ˫ʵڲϵ󣬾ƣҲ޷ıʵһһơ
Ƭ̹ȥڵ½һϣ֪ٲУԼʤ㡣
ı󣡡
͵غȵ͵³
ಣ
ʫȻڴʱ˲ˣ˶ɴ۾д󼱡
ı󡯿Ҫʱ׼ģԷʱı󡯸޷ͣ޷󷨵ǿ
Сģ
޻鲻ԽͬʱѵʹҲɴ۾ʫ˲ơ
Ѿûлˣ
仰ʱʫѾɷΧڣ¶ֲɫһڽâʫ޴βҲ˲䳯ʫȥ
ಣ
ʫٴ˲ƣȻĶķ
˲һҪóı󡯵ȴʫ˲ϡ
Ѿɫûʱ׷³ĵɫ
ɷ
ʫͻȻȵһӱڶݳȻѸٵĺ뱾֮С
ʹвһ˿âû뵽ԭΪʫʵһȴˣȻҲӵɷ츳Ҳϼ֮

ػͬʱ̾һ֪ȥȻͬһʱ䳷ȥа
䶨ˣΪ޻ҫѡԪԱɣ
겻ϳȥһ˵߲ѣҲûԪԱƾʲôԪԱ
ಣ
ʫε˲ƣٶȸΪˣҲעӦʫĹ
ʫ츳һɷѾʮڱʵڶһ󣬶ԱĴʱѾγ˾ʵơ
ƴˣ
һŭ𣬿³һɫӣĵʫȥ
ˣ
ʫڶɷ±ռ˲Сƣʱӵɷ֮Ľâ
ಣ
ĽһֻལǱâ׷ױնС
һ׵Ľڿлɰһ޴βȻһֱնΪء
ʫʱԲ飬ٴһնٶȿ硣


1049 
ҲܣκζԷٶʵ̫죬ûü˲ƣһ׹ѾԼն廯ΪأȻʫɱ塣
ǵӱʫĿѾɣȻʫʱ֮ⲻھƣĿȴԪ֮塣
˼Ķ֣ɱ㲻ʲôֻҪԪ񲻱ʱԪ֮ǿò˶޳壬߽ݾжᣬҲֻҪʱȫָڵʵ
ɱ廹û棬ǿߵսпƶԷԪ֮壬ӶһɱԪ֮塣
Ԫ֮ѾΪʵǿɫâӣʱӱܣȥֻоһɺȻĽȻԼΧĿռ䡣
ɲǼ䣬ʫնԪ֮ڽİΧС
ʱԪԱĳ嶯ΪһԱǾζԼǲľԲѡֶΡ
޻֮ȴѾзΪʱѡԪԱٿشԷȻ¹飬޻ǿҲ޷ڴʱԪԱ
ķֻʱģΪ˵Ĳ໹ûֵƾԷܾõĳ̶ȣԣвżʱȴݡ
˫ԼĹһսֻʣԪ֮壬ǿݵģи뷶Χһӳ뷶Χ˱Գ赲Է
ʫսҲǻȪ֮սȪ֮ս˵Ҫϵһ˵Դ֮ս
ȻûݳԪ֮壬ʫֽӦԣҪ
򣡡
ʫͻȻȵһԪ֮屻ŵڿ
ܺã
̲ס޵òʫѧϰһǴԼѧȥġ
ԽԷԪ֮壬Ȼ޷ЧķֹԷԪԱȴһ̶ϿԽԪ񣬿öԷԪ֮޷ݡ
Ҫ
ĺɽƵǿѾ֡
ಣ
ʫɻߣͬɽҲƵԼһԪ֮˽֮С
ʹһĬȻʹߵҲ¶ЩŨ֮ɫƺ˼ʲô
ಣ
Ķʫõ֮Уʹһٴľǿʵ
Ǳƺ󣬺ʧڿȫʧٴα𾪣ŵڽƴӴܣͬһֻͷӬôӣҲ޷ӳȥ
ǿǰн
޵ԼĿǰʶȻҲ޷̽ڡ
ʫȴ̽Ĺ켣ΪԼõɽƣʱѸٵţвϷŴΣȴ͸ģΪƵԵʣʫҲԤʲô
б¾ͳҪģҪƼˣҾʩչԪԱɱ㣬Ҳش㣡
ĺԪ֮Ҵܡ
ССߣڳڿ֪𣿱ײˣҵθأ
˵䣬κֳȻһԼʮɵľˡ
λôȰɣұС
ѸٵĻԭδСԪ֮Ѿʧ
Ԫ֮ںδֻҪеͷԵ˶
ʶԼѾʱԪԱԴֶش
Χǳɫʱɵˣû뵽ԼȻ䵽һ³Ԫ֮塣
ಣ
ĿģʫõɽƣʫĽ˽ơ
һһսʤʹһ˶̣һ˶֣ȻԪ֮Ҳûܹӳ
ʱʹһ˽¶֮ɫ˿СƶԷˣ΢Цʹ߰սʲôʱʼأ
ߣӮѣҪ̫⣡ʹ߻бǶһ֣㹻Ǽȥ
ʹ΢յ˵
ս˭ԸսʹӮһɣ
ʹõʵ
˶õԼʵˣȥ˾ʲôޣҪԼһ㶼㡣
˳ս⵹ʹΣЦһȺô£ʹߣҲǸ
ڱʹߣʹߵȫĿ࣬ɰʵڿɼΡ
ʹ߱ѻ𣬺޲Լǰսɫ˲ˣһɿ񱩵ƴɢʹһ֪֮õǺá
ݵò񣬱ʹ߲ʵˣƾʲôţ
ʹŭȻˣ˭ʹӮһʹһˣҲΪһɣ
֮±·
Ըս
ϣ¹ʦ֣޻ŷˣ˽ͬʱ̬Ըս


1050 
Щļһǵºôſϳսǿɶ񣡡
ʹаŭ
ػһᣬ˽Ա̬ӣͬʱȭ죨أԸս
ղŻӦսʱȫӦս仯湻ġ
΢ЦϷŶԷˣʱδ˵Ϊⵥļһ̼ԷսԼδؿɵԪ֮塣
ʹ߲ˣ޻ŷͣ
ŷ˻⣬ͷγս֮ϡ
ǧӣ˼֣ĻϧҾ֮ˣ
ȻҪʱԪ֮壬ʱսŰǧӣ֪˵
ǧӴŭһۣȴɻΪ֪ԼǾ֮ˣԼݵ¿ɲˣ֮Ҳ֪ԼǴңԶĵǰġ
޻ҲŨŨɱ⣬Ϊ֪Լ˵ܣ֮죡
ǧҲǳé®СЦڶսѡҷ֣ڣֵѡеһˣǲ
⣬ߣҪǸѡңȲԪֱѾģ
Цк˼ɵŨŨɱ⡣
˼ǲսԶӵǿʵǧҲЩѡ
͸ѡѡһ
¶Ц⣬ǧаһ
սʤζսζѡϣǧӲ˿
ѡһ⻹Ǹѵľ
ǧȴһʱ佫ˣΪʵ̫׽ˣӵԪ֮壬ֶͨǧų
ʫ֮䣬ǧпʼڸղѾˣʫӦӵɷʵǳǿʥĽǧĪĿ־塣
ˣⲢһ˭ΪǿƶԷһϵĿƣǧӱ㱾ܵηʫʥ
ǧӵĿͣʱв²ֻӵж
ѡ㣡
ǧӸ˵
ǧӣлӣѡңһʧġ
ЦȻ󲻽ĳս֮һһȥ
˫ۣƾʶսҪԪ֮ϡ
ֻжԪʱԲᳬʱ
ǧӵǰЦ⣬嶼δ仯ֻʹ˶
츳һﵽʮЧӵжʮʵҲ츳ڡ
ǧҲʹ˶һ˰˱ҵʵʮҡ
Ϊǧӱ仯˱壬޵Ĳࡣ
ƿʱɵıռƣǧܵǿѹŭ
ǧӵıһͷƱӵޣȻģ⻬ûһ˿ëֱ֮󣬾ȻŨŨĺڰʡ
ʫһ̾ϧԼƾʥԿͬΪ£ҲʤԷ
ս嶼ûչ֣ʵ˼ʵһչֳķںϣǧʱռݾơ
𣡡
ǧٴŭ͵ĳӳһצצγһǿĽϮ
һЦɽҲû赭дһƻӳ
ʱΪα壬Ҳ÷ɽǧӵսǧԿеŭǿսӿı
ֹǧӣʹһˣʱŷĿ֮Ȼαչֳǿʵ
ǧצȻƷɵĵסǧӶԣֱܴ衣
ͬĶǧӿԱսȻξƷˡ
ʫսŽȻͬ˵ʫĹȽʮ㣬ôǹƻƽԵ˵ƮݣҸһ͸ĸо
ս飬ɲѷʫһŭɱ˶ֻƽ£Ȼ΢ЦȴЦɱ֣µ߲ʱȽ峺ҳಢ˵ҲΪĽꡣ
ȻԵ޹ʵɱˣ߾̰ɫֵ߱ļŻѡ֡
һα壬һ壬צƻ裬βƶһʱսΪʡ
ѧεȺ嫣
ƾƷⷽĶ֣ҲƾƷȫѹסǧӵĹơ
ɽʧȥ˽޵ĹЧǧӵı幥£˫ʮֽӽ
ȻƾƷѹסǧӱĹƣսϸ߳١


1051 
ǧв꣬ȴԵΪŭΪ֪δʹ壬ʹ壬ԼǸ·硣
ʹڹսʱĶпǰΪʵУȻɱ겢Ԫ֮壬֮ΪʫΪȴɱ
ڣΪΪ֮ˣս֮ǿ֮
ߵķʽսƾһ˫Ʊ㲻ϵĽǧӻˣⳡ졣
𣡡
ٷ˻ٷս⣬ȴ𲻳ϵƣǧӾȫʱ˫ƺԽƮÿһƶԵó䲻⣬еǿǧÿεֵᱻɡ
ǧӲϵŭţצ붯һβҲս֮У˺ҧֶζˣȴ޷вα塣
֮ٶϣȻռЩ΢ƣڶսƬ̲ǧѾ˺üƣΪƷ䲻⣬ҿǧӲƴ·硣

ڱһڶͷǧѾʵˣʹ˵
һ˱ڱʵںϽ壬ʵҲԭĶʮıҡ
һʮ뱾ʵǶʮڱʵƾʵǧʵ޲ࡣ
ҿ㻹ζԸң
ǧſѪ죬¶ɭɭݣЩ⡣
һЦĵأȻҵĶ֣
ǧӷŭĳҪ˲٣ȴ͵ս⣬һƷ뿹⡣
˫ٶһڿγƺ˵ıըⱬը֮ǧӾĺɣʱȴֻ˳ҵľ롣
⣬ôܣ
޻Ųɾ
ǧӵ츳Կα壬ʹɽ£ȻȻ
ԭ츳ʫǧӺȡʤ
ʹţԼǲ̫ԴˣһһĵԼһ𣬶Էȴ𣬵ԼĿԶԸ
ӳЩ־壬ΪԷ˾ӵǿʵʹֵ߲£Լ˺ܻܿõ³
ǧӣһʵô޻ŷ˵ģʵǿ˶٣̫ñʧˡ
ЦѾ˶Ԫ֮ɣĽ𵤷ѾɣҪɷ»Ҫپ롣
ԽķУԽɹΪҪǷҪҲҪ
ҪµķķҲӦǣ󲿷ķԣ˶˵Ԫ֮壬ɽ𵤷ȴչ
ս֮УͷȻһЦ֪Ѿɺ޺֮ǣɢɱ⡣
ǧƺҲ쵽ı仯пһ˫ȻѾûɷɽ
˫ַɽ츳̫̬ˣ
ǧд󾪣͵ķһצ
ɽһ˭棡
˫ֽҲСӵļܣҲǶնǧӡ
ƷΪɽеζƴǧڶ˵Ľڿײ֮αѾɡ
ĽڴʱѾռ̫ƣͬĶȴǽǧɰ֮⡣
ǧٴηֵʣĽȵסʱϳ˶޴˿ڣǿµ֤
ãٲУҪˣ
ǧаżһ͵ŭ
ʹáǧӵ͵ıһɫĹâ֣ƺƾһ֮һǧӵġ
ڽֻĹ۲ǧڡӡ

Ц˫ַɽͬʱչȻǧӵġ
ǧ⡮롮ӳ֮ͬǿ˲Ϊ⡮Ǳ߱һǱȴ˫ĵơ
ԣȡӳΪãȻ⡮Ϊȴޣ确ӳǰ
һӳ
ڴʱ޻źһ˫ͬʱ־һͬɫĹǧӵס
⡮롮ӳͬʱʩΪǧӵʵʹüӳ֮һȻ֮һĻһʵѾﵽԭеĶ࣬ӽʵ
ԣǧӴʱӵ˶ľƣһʹҲ¶صЦ⣬ʹһʿ
Ǿʵľʵ


1052 
ǧƲסеϲ֮飬ЩĺǿƳѹȥ
پһĪѹܴдϾ˫ڴʱ̫Զˡ
壡
ĺȵ˲仯Ϊɫ㡯壬ڷ
仯Ϊ󣬱ÿʵͬʱǴʱڱս̬£ʵ
һ˶࣬һ֮ǰռһƣı״̬£һƷȻѹǧӡ
ǧɵˣ׵ɵˣû뵽ıǿ󣬾Ȼÿҵʵһܹ߱ÿ֮һʵѾڲ츳ˣ츳ϼѵߣҲֻܹһҵʵ
ǧô룬ڵʵǣȻռϷ磬Ƕ˼սȥΪӳԵʣǧӵĻĿϺܶࡣ
ʱǧӱ㽫һЧǧп־ĵط
ǣ˫ͬʱΪǧȴû˷ŵЩήˣϵıܹŹ֣ǿٳٵĲǰ
˸£ҪʿҪų򣡡
޻ĺȵ
ǧǰһƺӵ޾߽һˣ
ʱǧӵƾɣȻսȴֵĲ
۾Ҳһ޻ŵǾ仰Ѿ϶ԼĲ²⣬ԭǵ֮ˣȴ޷εġ
ȥɣ
ǧӺŹϣһһǧնȻƴʵ
¡
˴ʱĹ֮ղһ֮󣬶˵ľʵٴֳ
ڿУֻĻ˻Σǧ򳯺ƽʮҵľ롣
ʵȻвٲ࣬ǧӳŭ⣬ŭּŭŶ־Ȼ
ǧһʽ
ǧ侲ĺȵڿ˫צͬʱһڿγһɫĽֵǣ⽣ȻڿУûг
ڷУ
а²Сƣֱʩչ˲ƹǺɫһʹٻ
ɫڲϵĻۣǧӲϵʹǺɫȻڲϵĵУ⵹һַǳǿ
ȻǧӴʱÿһȻ״̬·Ĺǿ󣬴ʱĿԵӵĽһҲǿ󣬵ʮӺ󣬽Ѿﵽ˼ӱЧ
ٻ
ҵֵķɽָǺɫһ׹㳯źɫֶȥ
ǧһЦٻԼĽʲôЧ
ʹٻ󣬾ȻһֵӵĺɫΪɫ
ôܻôҵ
ǧӾû뵽Լ۳Ȼ޷ƿˣֱֽʧȥϵ
ۣ
ǧһںɫѪҺղ۵ĿǱԷʩչٻȥȻ˱ķЧ
һЦʩչٻںϵʹٻ󣬿ֱ˲شǧӡ
ٴΪ𾪣ٻǿĵطʹٻǿһõܷɵЧһʮֱ̬ԼҲܹѧᣬ׺ƴҲܹٻƶԷԼζʵٴηԾ
̫ǿˣһ취ѧٻ
̲ס֮̾гĪĿ֮ɫ
磬Ҳѧ
ʫ˵֮ͬɫ
ţһᴫǵģֻҪ㹻츳ѧᣡ
ͷԶЦ
ǧӱ۴УȴǵòʧϧٻĺɫʱȴѾȥһС֣ǧӲҼۺɫרĿʼеǽ
ͱһȴԼĶʵЩЦǣǧкΣʱԼǾǽԼԷɱԼ
ţʹٻǰɫĹâһٻɫǧ򲻶ϵʹɫâͼԭĽ
˽ֽ׶Σȴףڴ˴УѾռƣǧӿ¶Լĺɫ򣬴ʱĵʹáӳķЧ⽫ǧӺʤ㡣

ػͬʱʩչΪǧӿǵ޻ŵŮˣǶ˴ʱֻ֣µʱ޷ŵŭ
Ŷʹǧӵɫ΢һ㣬ڶǽȴԵԽġ


1053 
һֻԷɽʽٻźɫһֻͻȻֱӳǧնһ
ǧӳû뵽ԷڶȡԼͬʱȻչ
ʵٻҪķѵͲ࣬˫ַɽɲǰϹģֹһԲȥ
ǧֵûצӵֵһǽֱԷȥ˲١
ɫЦһڶɱǧƣӦȥɫȫ֮С
ǧѾЩˣľ޴ģʱѾ޷ĽǺɫȡǿķһ
ҲĶ֣ܣԺٱ𣡡
ǧѶٴһںɫѪҺ˲ʧڿС
ӣ
һŭȣ֮ٴһںһʱǺɫѾȫȡ
ಣ
˲֮ʱǺɫҲǧӵιȥ
Ȼı츳Ϸ¿սһߵĵˡ
ʹа֮һ˿֣̿ȫû뵽ԷʵʵһԼ֮¡
аԷģһ־ԲҪĵˡ
ǧܣóѣûӣΪʫɹɱ˶֡
ƣ
ںϣȻƣ㽫ǧУͨٻĽѾϮǧӡ
ǺɫǧӴСǧһʽɲ֮һֻ˺ɫۼƣſԷǧһʽǿĽ
ʵϣǧӵִ˼崫м䣬СǧһʽǧʽСǧʽʹõͬȴǳơ
ǧʹУ˲ϵĹʵԶĶսһʹĴУγɾʵɱ
ԭǧôһȻ޷ɱҲٿشֻϧȴġٻֹ
˶ǺɫᣬתΪɫѾٴԼĪһȴȫƿ£ʼйǧӡ
һĺѸ٣ǧ֪Լڣڴʱص£Ҫֵǲܵġ
ಣ
һӰȻ˳˿һ㶣û뵽ǧӾȻǰʹԪ
꣡
Ѿǹ׾ٵĽǧӵնΪΡ
ʧȥԪ֮ƿأǧӵı޷ԿǿһݣŰɫֱӽǧӵıɱΪǧƬ
ǧӺΣû뵽ᱻԼʩչɱʱԪ֮Ҳ޷ӳԷĽơ
ҲЩǧӾȻ壬ݳԪʱԶԷԪ֮壬ҪֻǷֹԷԪԱ
ǧ֪Լ۵ǿԿԪ֮ģղݳԪ֮壬ǳп³
ǣڶݳԪ֮壬ȻҪǿߣҲδɢȻڿС
׼ԱϵƿǧӵԪ֮壬ǧϾȻ¶֮ɫд󾪡
׶
ʹıϵҪ赲ǧӵԪԱǧȴѾ˰ɫ
ǧڶݳԪ֮Ѿ֪ȥȻ޷ѣֻбԷԪ֮³ǧӾ޷ܵġ
ҪôҲҪ˵ˣ
ǧŭҲԲҵ
¡
һ춯صıը޷ʹǧʽźǧӵԪ֮˲һ𣬶һıը־ֶκǿ
ԮȴҲЩ˫ս򣬴ʱԮ϶ƻأڴģʽԲƻأҪǶģԿӳ졣
еı׶סǧӲԪԱۿ޷ƾʱϵ˲ƳԼõơ
ڶݳƺԪըǿȻ˽ƣӵĹ죬ֻҲԪԱϮش
˫֮ͬʱˣƳǧɾ룬ΪԪ֮ڽбըģԣγɵЧ򣬻в˻ˡ
Ϊ˷ѵķɻرӪǼһĨЦɫȻԵЩ԰ף˵ȴһѪҺ˳
磬㣬˼ûסԪ֮壡
в˶ܹƶԷԪ֮壬ΨԼȴûܹסԼˣԪ֮װ˷ˡ
۰ǳǳۣʱ顣
һʱˣӦ죬ֻƻΪأЩԱԪ֮塣


1054 
ǿӵԪ֮壬ǰɫΪǿ󣬾ԱʱҲԼһʵǿ
ûϵҪѾӮˣ
ЦŰοԼЩαȴǸоЩź
ЦҡҡͷʱһץסС֣ǣһĸо֮С
ʹǳֶ֮Σ֮ת
һмֻ˲䣬ͷ궯徻ࡣ

ʫϺɢɫİ׹⣬˫ͬʱǣɫâȫ֡
⡮԰Ԫ񣬻ָԪǿЧʹǳ֮ᡯ£Ƭ̣Լ˾Ȼȫָˡ
ڵȻ˲٣ȻӵоųϵӭսҲûκӰ졣
лл
м˵

΢΢һЦĳʫȻһЦͷ
ԪԱγɵδɢȥʹһ˵ı죬ʿҲ֮½
ӣҷģһģһ㱨𣡺𡭡
޻ҧгݵ˵Ŷˡ
ʹҲЩץˣû뵽ԼһȻսܣҲֻʣˣȻռƣǰƷչȥȻԼһ
սʼɣҳսһɣ
һ㵽ս֮ϣ΢Цһ޾ɵߡ
ʱ˶ʵµжϣΪΪ֮ʵǿʫʵжϣ󲿷ַ϶ʫܻһ㡣
͹ԲʲôֻҪܹʤҪġ
ʹһٴγӭսľ棬ǰǿȥӵйʤʣȴЩĪ
ضЩ־壬ڶԷչʵѾս
ͬˣϾ漰֮սκһ˶ǰȥӭս
޻Գݣض껹ڵҲǰսǱ¹ȵʦҲԽѣǿĵǰ¡
ŶһȺСǶһϰɣٽˣ
Цһ˵ʹֶЩ
һϣض꣬϶ԣһϢǵϿǼΪĬ
ʹһӦսЩˣԼЩŵЩһˡ
ض꣬ϣһϣһ˵ˣܸе˰ɣ
˻һ˽Ծ
һһһĶһռžԵƣٲһսܣ³
ʹҲǰһϲѾԷһһĵڼȻԷһģǱѰ·
ĸһ֣򲻹ʹԪԱԪ֮㹻ɱˡ
ʹа롣
ãȻ˲ֵܶ˾ͳȫ㣡
ҧ˵
ҵҲԸһս
һͬ˵
Ҫģɱ˵ʹһ۸㣡Ǿһϰɣ
ʹߺٺЦ
ǣͬʱսʫҲɰԵġ
һģһδ֪Ķ֣ЩðգѾ׼˵Ϊһ֣Լֺξ֮С
һģʱֻںһɷƣʮҵΪԻˣΪʩչ˶ɷ
ϣǵȡѵܹʵͬǧһжδʹѾսֻ꣬ʹ˶Ѿ֮֡Σҵ˴ʹ߳սֻʤܣ
깰˵
λģҵס
ͬʱͷ
˵ĺã꣬㾡ܷսֻҪܹӮһʹһġ
ʹ߸˵й衣

ȵһӰӱ֮жݳȻ뱾Ϊһ塣
壡
ȵα˲仯Ϊ壬ƺǿ

ػһ˿ЦҲ׷ֳĲʹ塣
˽ı壬ȥԵóªɲȴ޷Ƕ˵ǿʵ
ÿӰ˱ʵʵһɷںʵ
Цȴװ΢Ծģɷнµ˵û뵽ض꾹ȻҲӵһӵ
ػﶮÿӵ˼ȴľȡ

ںϵʵٴ
츳žԹϵģ츳̫ٶҲ޼£츳ǿֶ࣬ǲŻչǿʵ
չĵʵȴȻ޷һɷռݾƣ濴ȥЩţʵаЦ


1055 
û뵽Ϸеɣ¸£
вЩɪ

ػҲҲ⣬ʹҲɰľû뵽Щһ˽ƻȻʵ
ǶصĹģ
̾ʵ벹һ䣺ϧûи͵
ضӵĵʱʹס˵壬ĵ֮ɫ
Ϊһߣĵ»һλȻˮǴߣһֱԸĸԭڡ
ʹĵ˲ĸ˵仯塣
ȻǶֻªܣ
ɿ˵⡣
ϵıܣȴԲͨܣһֻѪһֻ
Ѫɫɫܣ˵ı廹ʵȴСӡ
ضֵܣϷ˱һҵʵӵλֻҪҵʹüӳҪʵ׾ٵ飡
ϴƺԸܵǿĻϵ϶ġ
ضаϲû뵽ҲǰԻĽɫⱾʵǿôֶԸʤ㼫ˡ
ϴȴЩȻԼΪ˼ӳʵضκ˼Ӧ
Ϸ˵ǿԸ˼ӳ֣ǿҪչֳ㹻ʵϷ˺ķǼӳȴûЧǾˡϷ԰쵽
Щ˵⼸ӽھܾͬʱҲϺʵΪǶ˵ʵԼ˸ǿ⸨ӳֵ޿ɺǣ֮ԥľܾ
Ϸ˵ʵǴһ
ͬʱЦ
һڶ
ͬʱȻӶܹ֮ݳ˰˵Ӱ
ǰɣϵ治ܹСƣһαʵں뱾֮УʵԶԶضչֵʵ
зȥעˣʹЩȣȴ¶صЦ⣬еЩ
һһ˵ܶ⣬ʹߴʱ̬ȻʵҪϣⲻòҲĴǡ
¹ʦ֣ʱȻٺһЦ̬пЦ¹ǿ֮˱ʦ֡
޻ţʱɫ£ϾԵùž޲֪ʲôоǰķ֮
ǰʤӮ̫ɣսҪʤʵپ޴ս
һΣҸоˣû뵽ʣµļһô󳬼ɣǿ֮ЩҲ֧󳬼ͳĸԭڡ
Ѫ󡣬һӶٱʵȻڱǰ˲񣡡
ʵ
ҵϣҪҵȵš
ͬ˵
ֻܹԲ²ԷǿʵһҲСĸʵĶ֡
ǰܰΧǻǰһɵһιζЩһҲϺ꣬򲻵Ѳ¶Լʵʵ
мǰ˵ǰ֮βžһʼչǿʵԴ⡣
Ϸ˵츳㹻ǿ󣬵һӵűʵϷ˵ı츳ʵһʮ˱αʵ㲻ӦսǾ͹Ͷɣ
ͬ˵һԱ꣬һޱȣһĬ˫̥
ಣ
˷ɽȻͺȵѪ͵һϵĴС
ĶɷѾ˱֮Уʱǿ󣬵ԥʹ˵ɷ
ض꿪ڿ˶˼䣬ȻԾ˺ʮɣóսλøˡ
һһңҺΧ֮ƣ
ض꣬ҲҪʹӳϷ˵ǿʵ£ҪȶԮ֡
˵
һеƾλǰԸ
ضʶȤĻشϵǿʵ£˵ķڷʱѡ񳼷ǿߣоȻĪ˷ܡ
ʫȻԾ˵ǿ󣬵Ƕͬǿġ
ϵһڿſȥͬһĸ͡
ƣƽܿﵽ̩Ȼ̬֮֮ѾȻž
ֵķȣǿߵĳȻʣ߼֮ʱһֳֽɫն콣ΨƽɢнЩȡ


1056 
һ֣ƻȻɣΡΡɽ̩ȻڿС
߱ԿĴ󳬼ߵֹԵúη֮ɫƾȱаޡ
޳ޣ˵˱¹޻ֻкô
ʵǳԤ֮⣬ûг޾δزսսķ˳ޡ
ҲεĿԣΪʹߵǿ˷ֻܹȥս
Ϊ֣οԺսǿߵսлʤŸܹǿʵеսֵη
ǿභһˣ˷ֳʤĲݣ˫Ǵִ㡣
ŶչֳһзһͷǴʱںϵʵͻʩɱɱ˵ĳɹʻǺܴ
ΪǿĹ£Щδںϵķ綹һ
ʱȴסͷƾʵʵϣ뷨Ǹַȵ֡
ֺ֣ξ֮Уб¾һսһķڷΪǱؽΪҵĽ꣡
˵ⷬ׳еսǷӿ֣ӢϾȻȻȻ¶һĨЦĻʫΪ֮ԡ
Ůƾʶʶɸ֪һһıӰԵô°ߴ
ߣԴĽֻһ;ʵŽв츳Ҷ֮£ض궼һùοϣ
޼ɵĿЦʮֻͬʱЦĳ׳ۡ
Ҿ͸ںĻᣬֵ¼°ɣ
ƽˮ˵ʱеķɽ˿ľǿ˹
ںϵһڶ
һںϷǿѹӿȥ治ɫӦ硣
ںϺ󣬺ϵƣȻȻ޷ȡѹЧ˲΢΢Ȼû뵽ʵԤĻҪǿϲ١
ϱһҵʵʵϲһǿʩչѪ뽣޵ļӳá
ġѪ֮һսԽ֮ԼĪ֮һսļƷɽǿĹѾӽϱڡ
οʵϵıӣս飬Բᴦ·硣
Ҳ˵αʹ÷ɽսϵʵսʤ
һϵıӱƱ츳
һľűʵΪĶʮ߱ʵ
һɷѾﵽ˶ʮҵЧɷͬʱںϵ£ʮαΪǿ
ǰΪģǰնα㣬ʹͬʱﵽԭΪʮıʵ
Ҳն˵α㣬ҲﵽһٶʮΪ
ʹںϵ£ȻھԵ·磬Զ򱣳˾ƣ˲ɱĹ
㵽״ﵽʲôʵȻԵҵںƣ
𾪵ʵ
ǻʹȫʵɣһĲ׵ġ
Ȼ˵Լʵʵضһۣɱضаľ
϶в˵ǿ˵䱸Ψ͵Ϯ
ںϣ
ͬʱǣ˵ʵٴﵽʮҡ
Ȼǲ
ѾֻܹˣĿ࣬ͿƵ
ǺǣѵΪȫͿɱδ̫ˣ
Цаȣ翴˶˵˼ʹһٴθʵжϣһΪʵǿ֮ˡ
ĬĶһۣеľ֮ɫ޴ΣΪʵѾ˶Ĺ㡣

ͬ˵ĵں뱾֮󣬿бֻʣ˶ֻŭԲɵܣʱϵƼѾﵽһ塣
츳ڣںʵԲСƣʹһҲȫʼˣʫҲǺˡ
һʱ䣬˷׷ʹٴﵽŲйѹӰ졣
ϵѹԱƵĺ˫Ʒӳȥֻ˾ʹҲ޷ֵϵķ֮ѹ
ͬʱﵽʮ屶ʵѾ൱ˣһɽһɽߣǿǿ֣ٶﵽ˶˵һʮʵ


1057 
ȻûǰôԣȴȻڣ֮ƣʱȻĴ·硣
ͬʱʹȻ޷ѹϳЩˡ
ϵЦȴɢˣҲԲ򵥣κһ˼ӳһΪʵҪԼö˵ʵͬʱӱԼҪһս
ض꣬Ϸʹӳ
ϵȵ
ضо֣ʱΨֻɱϵ£ɿʼʩչӳ
ͷǼӳ֣ʱٶҲ죡ΪҵĽ꣡
а΢΢¶̵ĻȣеЦض꼸ĵ飬΢΢Ŀʼ
ʵδչ֮ǰضоԵĴģǴʱ˿ֻ̣еıɱ뷨ﻹ˿Ŵ
ض꽫һеʤ㣬ͬѹϣʱʹӳȫΪȫƴİϼӳ
λǰҵȾȫЭλǰҶ˰ȫ
꼷һЦ˵
ȾʩչϷػȰȫȻ
ͬ˵Ҳǰ˷ܡ
ضġӳʹϺϵʵѾȻȴδﵽһҵļӳЧֻﵽԼĪһļӳЧ
ϵʵѾǿ󣬵ʵȫضܺͣضƴҲ޷ϵʵӱһΪضΪǿһǶ˶ԡӳرó
ôˣȴֻӳôһʵαأض궼۵ĳ鴤ˣǵʵȻǱٵĶ֣бԿ
΢΢һЦû뵽ضļӳҲûǿǱ֮֡
ݵòҶʵѾ֮£
ͬ˵͵ƣڸܵ˶ϵı仯
˴ﵽʮıʵѾԶ϶ֵƣ΢ơ
ô
ŶˣȻȻһЦ˵ӵǻսУ˵սɲӵģԼȻûаơ
Ϊ죬û뵽죬öƵǣֱʱʹ˼޴֪
ȥɣ
ضļӳ£Ͽɲ˷ʱ䣬ΪӳܹʱޣܹаʱѾܲˡ
ضͬʱ³һһϵǿֱ
ͣ
зɽԣһ֮ƣɽĻâۻҡ
һӭ˵ıһǱγɵĹѾɢڿС
ϵԿķɽ֮ʵУһ֮󣬶˵ͬʱʮɣȻԭأϴŵЦ⡣
вǿδʩչҲδʹϻɫ棬ƾռЩϷ硣
һУѾ㹻ˣѾ˴һ־սһʱ
ȻڼӳҲֻܹǿضѾʼץˣԶ˵ʵȫڱɱ״̬֮С
ͬʱŭ˲˹ٶȣĻϵϵͬʱ֡
ֳַɽɫĽγһĹȦԴԴĽϵ˺ѱϵγɵĹȦ
˫ͬʱԿ죬ۻǿϵǹ֮£ʱԿһϸ¡
ըϵĴϼǷļлȴȻ޷סĽ£ϽĿʼˡ
֮䣬һҲսֳȲĵٶȣƾսгǰƽ򲻶Ϻˣ֤ĴʱʵҪǿϵ֮ơ
ǰսʹһй֮ͬǾǱ𲽵ѹƣϣǹϣһѹƱֲеơ
ʱαսѾʩչˡӳʱһϵġӳЧʧ֮ʱƱؽ֮С
û뵽Ҳ޷ռƣΪǲڱʹ֮ˣ
ʹ૵֮̾зĹнĶ˾֮ģǰӵ̬ȡ
޻Ǳ¹ʦͬʱ¶״̬ѾЩ壬սʤضֻ꣬º롣
֮󣬵޻۲תʱǱ¹ʦԼ
еľ֮ɫ޴ΣڴʱĿоȻеĹ
Բܹսʤˣ
޻񴫵ϢǱ¹ʦֻ⣬˾Ȼڿüȥ໥ѸٵĽŸԵ˼


1058 
ʹ߷ֺҲֱˣһʱ侹ҲⳡüĿ¼֮С
ʱȵĿϣעȴǷֳһʣµˣ֮ɫвɰԾ衣
زᱻƻֻ˫ΪضԼһ£ǹԼһ棬ôرᱻƻ
а룬ʱƺʹ顣
ʫͬʱһۣĿ£һգ۱γ˸߶ȵĬ֮ͬʱĿעսѾʹһ
ҲʶʹһƺŵıǵΥأʫҲԲǳصģʱ׼Ͷս֮С
ʹ˵üȥ̼ʱѾЩΣУ˷ʱ䡣
ಣ
ռƵ˲ˣһٶȫϵ֮⡣
ٶȣ֮ϣΪ˿ںϡ
ãɱض꣡
ͬʱһͬ˲ʧڿС
ضո˲֮ʱͬʱɷΧڣ׷׽ǿ״̬
޻ԥһţǱ¹ʦҲͬʱ޻ŵͷ
ಣ
ͬʱʩչһһķʼӱضݳűѸٵںϽĹ̡
̱仯壬˫ֻûΪɽʫʹ˵ɷʵǰǿ
һ˲ƺ󣬾һķӦ˫ԿʼսƺʱҪһȺɱս
ٴ鷢ˣ˲֮ûг֣ƺԶʧһ㡣
ʹʲôôӹϷ˵̽飡
ϴӿиֳΣͬʱк侪ȣΪڶ˲֮Ȼʧȥ˲ƹ켣
ض־ĻΧҪӣǿʹضҪӻʹһӪˡ
ĸоǷǳֲģضʱδʧȥټ󣬶Եľδ֪
ʹߴʱҲδ̽鵽Ĵڣڱ¹ʦ֣޻ţҲɻȥ˺δ
ֱɱض꣬ԼһϵзӦ󣬵⣬ַȻȫ壬ɽȵһ䡣
⴦䣬ֲβһֲ֮ϣǴ׺͵ѧ
һʼʧ˺ܶΣ󣬾ڱ仯ֲ֮֮ϡ
Ϸб¾ͲҪ
ͬʱиԾš
սΣһȫǳ֮⣬޻¹ʦֵҲͣԭأ֪Ƿڴʱⳡʱֹս
ʫʱɢҲǲʹһҲж
ΪΪʱţϵġӳҲʧʧȥˡӳֻ¸Ķ֡
ض귽ȫΪʩչӳʱﻹʹáӳ˵Ͻضгδ֪Ŀ־塣
ϲŲ̫ضʱͬʱƶҪ֪Ĳ֮
⴦ɽȵķΧܴսͺֱܴ̬츳ʩչķΧڣ̽λá
ǱһڿʼƶΣıܿϣضӽ
ִضʮɷΧңʩչǿ˲ɱֶˡ
һɫĽͻȻڿǽ磬֮Ϯضꡣ
˲˸ʱҲӦ˲ƣʱһƺ̫ˡ
΢΢һ㶣ʧ˾ضĻᣬʱʵ֮˲͵Ϯɽһڿն
ҽʱһɱض׳ٱѾضͷ­ն֮ʱѾٶʩչǿƣȻɷںϱʩչȴ㹻סʧȥضꡣ
һȻǿƣʱضԪ֮廹ûüܣѾѹĽġ
ಣ
ٴ˲ƣǶ˵Ԫ֮Ҳ˲ƶȥ
ýҲԸ˲ƣֻһа̾ĴضѾ֮
뽫˵Ԫ֮˲ƽ䣬ϧðŷɵΣգֻܹڵĽƵɽһ䡣
޻⣬˲ض
ಣ
޻Ǳ¹ʦͬʱսȻ
Ȼ˲δ˵ҲѾԿҪƻȺսˡ
ʫͬʱսǣսתΪ˶Կˣʹδս
ʫĵɷʱʵ֮ȴڶʱδھԵ֮С


1059 
ǿǷǳǿģڱ̬ı츳¡
ʮαʵϽ޵ʵ㹻һ֮ͬʱԸԷ֡
ڶԷ֮£Ҳһʹ·硣
ĸͽԸȥԸʹߣƽ˵޵ʹߡ
ʮħʹΪʱ˿̣зⲻȥ
ʹߣһսɣҵҪжʵȻһڵΪʵ
зɽңָʹߣƺܵķս⣬Ȼˣ㱨ѩޣýԱ
ȻнĴڣ
д󾪣ʱжעעʹߡ
ȻûñʹʧȻôӵǿʵʹߴ˴λԵɺϣ֮˶ߵҲֻڱʹߵļӳ£û˿ʤ㣡
ʹ˵Ҳӿս⣬仯壬Ȼʹֱںϵľ硣
ӵзߣʹߵ츳ںڱʵ֪
ڱʦŵߺʹ߷һ磬һԭһλɵǰһλɸִӦʹΪͽһɸʩôֱӰʹ˵ĵ
½ʹ´ʹĸֻһգȻЩʹߵ󳬼ɸֵĺ£ȫƳΪԣ󳬼ɲų˼ĸ֡
ʹɴߵΪٴһﵽʹʦڵһѧŴﵽʵ
ͶʹɣʱһвǸ壬һԪ֮ľ޴塣
ɫȻʹߣѾԤϣʹߵʵǱΧЩߵͣǲЩס
κ˶лӵУӴһ·ڵΪҲʹΪͻȻʱѾûҪ²ģҪôȥӦս
ֻʹ⼸һĲ࣬츳ʹ߿ԶҲڻΪ½ʹˡ
һʹߵҲɢǿ񱩵ƿʼѹȥʹҲû뵽ԼںʵȻ޷ռݵϵİơ
⣬ôܣÿҲűʵô޷γѹأ
ʹΪ𾪣¶ɫ
ЦʹߣеǲСӣΪսУԲܹС
ʹ߸ն˷׷ֹͣעڶϡ
еķɽֹסǺܼǳģ֪Ҫսʹߺ󣬺޲̱Ѫնɱ¡
޵ʵѪʩչ£ʵʹĿǰʵȻҪǿϲ١
ʹߴʱʵ֮еκһΪ츳ʹ߲֮һԼӵʵȴҲ޷γơ
ʮħߵѪһεɱ֮𣬽ĳޣһˣ
ǸЦ⣬֮еɱ˵ĺΡ
ߣΪڵʵһԴܱʹ𣿡
ʹߵеսҲѸ
ಣ
޻شֱʧԭأȻһʼչ˲ơ
ʹд󾪣˫֮ͻȻһɫĹ⣬ɫĹɫĹΪֱȻѸٵĳΧĿռɢγȫλ̽顣
ʹɷΧڣâΪһֶ̽ΣһɷΧڣʹ߱Ჶ׽ټ
ԭ׼ǱȻʵʩ˲ͻϮȴʹ߾ȻԹ̽Լټ
һӰâдУȻ磬ȴѾ̽鵽Ǳ˲Ρ
ʹŭһβ͵ĳǵӰɱȥֱӹʽǳ˵֮⡣
ߣ
һߣɫĽ͵ӭʹߵĹ
һ˲֮Уδռ˲ƵͻϮƣʹйˣǺηֱɱϡ
˵Ĺڵʱײһһƺߴʹߵ徹ȻѸٵķˣǿѾһɫҺ塣
ɫĹâһź󣬼ǰͻϮƺˣֲֿٵĹϵҲһз̾Ĺֲ̫ˡ
һ˲ƺΪİشʹߣβȫնϣǿɫҺʹµѪҺ
ڶε˲ƺܿ㵽ĹƼӰΣ˲ƹƣѹסʹߵơ


1060 
˵ľĿУĹƾȻʹֻзض޽ĵز
һ˲ƹʱʹԱȥԿķɽ֮³˴֮㲻ҽӴԱɢľֵ
һɫӰϵǰǽɫĽâÿһζγǿɱһ·˲ǰĹУʹߵѪ
ʹߵƱԶսеĲʹץ
ʹ߽߾ȫȴʼ޷ַ˲ƽһˣÿһɽĴˡ
𣬸
ʹ߷ŭĺһιʱ͵չ˲ƣ˲֮죬Ȼʤ
ಣ
Ҳչ˲ƣȴ׷˻ڵĵط
ʹڰϮɱγڿʱǱ֮ɫѾγʮСС˿ڣһ޴β;Ȼ㱻ķɽն䡣
˷ŵսѸ٣Ǽʱ䣬ʹ߱ѾǱ³ϣ¹ʦ֣޻Ÿͷ¶־塣
ԭνʹҲˮ׼ĺñʧ
ЦŸղŵ˲еҲﵽĶ塣
ʹߴʱѾ֪׺ݵĹâӴڿ΢š
ӳ
ʹĺ˫ͬʱһƣһâ㽫ı֡
ףôӳʲô
к׺⡮ӳʹѵ̻Щ˼ӳģ
ɵͬʱʹѾˡӳʵȻﵽ˽һһʹߵ㷴ʵ֮ˡ
ˣ
ڽһġӳ£ʹЩֹסеĵ⣬建ĳƽӴѹ£΢΢ڿ
Ȼʹͨӳһʵз侲
ֻҪڴھУڶԷѹЭ
ӳһʵҲˣ
Ȼ˵ξȻ˷ʹߵλ̤նС
ôܣ
ʹӶɳۿʵԼӳһʵѹϲЧ
ʵʹ֪ڶԿѹϵ츳һսʱѹ£һƳĵһ
֮£ʱƲԣһֳֽǿս£·硣
ںϣ
ȵɽ֮ѾðǳɫĻ棬ɽĽâںһ
ҲڴʱﵽʵĶ壬еķɽڴʱ㼸סʹһѹ
ǣʹ߲˼֮УƷռϷ֮ơ
ն
ʹ߼ӳʵȻ˷Ѽӳֵʱ䣬Ӷ˫צơ
ʹצγһɿ񱩵ƣ⡮նֱѸٵ֡
ƣ
ɽںһ𣬵ǿеġնӭȥ
˴ʱĹٶȲ죬һ֮Ѿչ˾ʵĽ
նӭĻںϽֱγ˿˺ѱըЧ
һĺ¡ǹɫĽɫݺݵײһ
¡
ɽХ֮ڶһ˷׷׸ܵдǿƣͬʱˡ
ʹߵӴɴʮ֮ԶоǺȻ֮ɫΪһɽɫĽȻԼ
ӳһʵȻǿ󣡡
Ҳܵһɿ񱩵ľԼӿҲǲ˺ʮ֮Զ
ʹٴʹſĴ͸ԽҲԷɽǡնྡྷ
ȻƾУ
ͬʱ̾ڴʱͬʱ˲
ãʹߴڡӳҲƾУζʵǿϼ֡
¹ʦа뵽Ѿжϳʹ߲Ӯ
޻ſЦһʹҲ޷ֵʧصĻ޻޻ĵ̣Ҫʹߣ޻Ҳڡ
ôܻô
ʹߴʱѾûϷǿʵ֣һս¹ﻹҲԴ
ʵ̫ˣʹأ䵱ʹ𣿡
һ֪ʤѶɶԷԪ֮壬⼸Щ
޷һԪ֮壬ôҲ޷ɱ˼⡣
ಣ
ʹߵͻȻʧԭأȻչ˲ơ
зɽ΢΢ţ޾ʹߵ˲ƹ
ãС͵Ϯ
͵ĺһҲʧڿС

ȵͬʱ˫ַɽһ׶ڿУʫҲͬʱһʹˡǿеķɽɢʥϢŨ


1061 
һУ˲䷢ģʹߵĹϮʱȴʮ׶ѾԼϮ
ʹߵĿǳûնɱȻʫץסȴЩ⣬Ȼܵ˶˵ǿӲֿ
ҪɱʹȫҲδؿӯʱ쵽ʱڱںʵΪʹں֮ϡ
ãʵȻʵҪǿ󣡡
ʹ߷ĹǱ׶ס˫ַɽͬʱնʹߡ
ʫʥҲѾնʹߣʫʱʵʹһ󣬷Ľ֮һơ
ʫʱʵʹ߼ĲҲ޷ﵽƣԣ϶֮һ֮ʹ߼ھ֮С
䡭
ϵĺ¡ʹһͻϮУǵòʧܵ˶˵Ϲ
ʹ߷ֵƾʫһ˵Ľʹ߲СӣʹƵĹ
Ǳ׶Ȼǿ󣬲סʹ˲Ƶ͵Ϯһʹ׶
Ľ˫֮ʹߴʱʵ֮£ʹִ߲ټֵֻǹɽ˿Ĺ
ʹαʮɣʫǳ׷ռĽ£ʹ˲ƶ԰쵽
𣡡
ʹ߷ŭıҪס˵ĽȴҲԲôס
ಣ
һɫĽͻȻʹǽֱնʹߵӴ壬ʹߴʱҪܣȴܵʫǣơ

һĲҽУʹڿзŲչǽɫĽֱնʹߵβ͡
ɫҺڿһâʹΪβ;ȻĽһն£βͱն̱ǳɫĻϣڿлΪһŻ档
˫նʹߵıγ˶ָ˿ڣʫĽûʹߣĹֵסˡ
ʹѣҵӪȣ
޻ŭγս֮ȥ΢ԥһȻķ˹ơ
ֵסĹʹлỺ˵м䡣
֮γ˻ҵսвԷлսûκƣҸ޷ЧĿЩ˵Ԫ֮塣

ȵһ֮ˣʫҲսˡ
Ϣ֮ʹ߶ԷǳҪ
ʹһ۱նϵβһ޵׹⣬޲̱㱨ѩޡ
˳ֽڿУԵƾȻںһ𣬶ʹһͬˣ˵ƣ֮¡
ϣʹߵļӳӦ֧Ų˶ˣǵȻǵļӳЧʧʱٺһս
ƽ˵ȴЩƣΪЩֽԲߣζȡǵԪ֮壬⵹Ǹ顣
ʫͬʱͷڴʱһʿռƣڵʵ£ͬ߱ơ
˫ɽ֮γ˶ЧʹһȴǲԸáӳЧʧûĴˣʱھ֮С
û뵽ǾȻһΣʹʧˣһΣʹһὫһһɱ
ʹЦѾ⣬׼ʮΪϡ
кһ˿ĹâһʹߣȻҲ߼˵ɫЩÿһƺ˼޻ţʱɫΪ
ʹߣб¾ͲҪܣ˹һս
зɽֱָʹߣ˵
磬ǧ򲻿ɷŻɽ
ʫСѵҲЩҪʹˣֻ´θɱ
ͷȻ뽫ǰЩȫɱȴЩ԰쵽Ϊ⼸˵ĵʵͣԭصȴԿƵġ
ʹߣҲ̫˰ɣôˣ
ЦЦڴʱˬʣʹ߷߲ѣȴֲʾҪ˵Ϊʹ߾㣬˵ʵһҵȵĶ֡ʹֻ˶ܾ˶ѡǵʵѵ뽫ҵȫɱ𣿡
ӾǵӣƱҲ壡ܣѵҪ󳬼ɵļ𣿡
ʹ߷ʵЦЩء
ʹ΢΢һ㶣Ϊܿɲڼƻ֮УԼòȡһͳĵλʱθģʱӣֻпɥ֮֡
ʹ߶ܵ˼ȴ˾֮С
ʹ߶ԣܣҲкܶȥӵݵκһݣΪݻ½ʹߣֻҪı̬ǿߣ֮󣬺δ
Ȼ˵ĸȴݣһʹˣܲеĺΪԵĿǿߣһߣζ󳬼ɽݣᱻ˳ײݵ


1062 
ʹߴˣǲ뿪޻ɽڣˣ޻ĻҵΣӣ
޻Ȱ
ߣ㻹ڵ޻ѵ޻ȵҪ
ʹЦ
޻ĬȻֻܹЦҡͷ
õİͷĵӰɣٻӹ޻ģ󣬱ٻδȥҲȥݷһˣڱ¹ȣƺвǱپһͨ¹ȵӣһɱһɱһ˫
ɫȻ˵˻һ󳬼ɵļȻҲûϵὫ˵͸
磬Ǽߺǳ׽󳬼ɲɣôˣ󳬼Ҳûˣ
¶޵һЦ⻰Ļϵ޷졣
磬ˣţڳΪ󳬼ɰɣʲô޻󣬱¹ȣñײˡ
ʫЦ˵⻰ȻΪͬ
飬ҵ뷨
ͷ˵
޼ɵµ󳬼ɣóʹ˼ҪץһԲľʹߡ
ʹߴˣǺƴˣ˵ʵδزǵĶ֣
ͬʱ˵¹޻ҲȰ档
ʹߺһ⣬˲ԼһˣԼܷȻ뿪Ǹ⡣
ʲôȥƴ
ʹаҡҡͷȻˣҪǵļıԻˣвǣѵɱˣ󳬼ɲŽг군ˡ汾ʹһˣôƾʲôҶ󳬼ɣʱ·ֲɣҵһȥɣ
˼֪ʹ߸û˼ȱʹߣҪԿԵƵ¡
ֻҪˣͻ㣬ֻҪ㣬ҪץסƵ뷨ȴҲ֮飬һ߻ܹƿضԷķҲץסˡ
˶ԻĹУϵġӳЧʧˣʹϵļӳҲֲ˶ˡ
һѡǱǿйʫ֮ʵʩ˲ɱ֮Ҫ˲ɱԷκһˣѶȶֻֻ̫Ҫɱһˣֻ»Ը⿴ġ
ϣȲ޳ԹǷ񣿡
ɫһȻ˵֮зŨŨɱ⡣
ϲԣʣӺȻȻͬʱͷҵ㲢޳Թ
ȻûгԹΪҪվʹһ뱾ԣ뱣סҵڱٱһѡȨԸվڱһߣٱ֤һһľ
ⷬ˵ļֳϿң˲ϵ
ǰҶԩ޳ΪҪǿǿԣʹҲֻķݣҶ˺αصĵأѡһȫбϣһԱסҵֶΪأ
ͬʱ뵽
ǧҪģһ˹ƻߵʵϲ٣ʱû˶ˡ
ʹŭѵ
λ򲻿ģ壡
޻¹ʦͬʱȰʵҲЩĶΪޣԷעܷŹԼˣԣҲԲܹͽ⡣
ϵʵ൱ʹһ֮һʵ֮һʵվǱߣֻº롣
˽淴Ҳ⡣˼Ȱзͺõǿҳ嶯Уڶϸϸ˼ѡ
ƾʹȰ˵˽ȥҲЩ΢ı仯
ʱδ˵Ϊ˵̫ˣʧȥҪԼѡ񣬷򣬻Ϊǡ
˵ĺܶԣҶ㲢κγԹʵڷһ㲻һһľʵҶԸȥͶˡ
ͬʱһȥʹһ룬ʱĿ
磬ðɣǶ˵ġӳЧѾʧˣƺҪ˭ˣ
ʫɵȴǹ˵ģĿıǸʩѹ
˵ĶԣǶʵһͱȵңҪǽˣûʲô壡
Ҳ˵
Ůһ˵ȴд󼱣лԥȴڣΪǶŮ˶ԣֻԼ˻ᡣ
ҶʵԶԶֹˣǿĹûʹóţԿ
ͬ˵ȻһۣȻٴκȵ
󣬶˵ıڿתɿУ˵ıҲ໥תŽӽһһͬʱӿ֮С


1063 
֮󣬵ʧʱ˵ı徹Ȼһ
ҶںΪһʵȫĵӣһʵ֮£ѡǿɵÿˡ
ϴʱȫǿƾҲСӡ
ʵӣʵȴǺǿ󣬲ƾʵӣη壬۵ǶȻԼĶ֡
ϣӵαضϥһƴˣ
ʹ˵
ߣʹߣֻϷѾ̵ˡղ˵һսȴܣʲôʹߣ
˴ʱѾ޾ʹߣ˵Ҳ˼ת䡣
ϣپ͸һλᣬڹ˽ˣԸҲǿִѰǱپ壬ʱһҲ
Ȼ˻ͬش˵Ԫ֮塣
壿
ʹȻҲǴ۵Сۣ塣
һЦһʫʱʫ˵ǲҪˣֻαǣ壬ǽϵʵԾʵɱǡ
ʫѾĸѧʹǻӦУܾϼ룬ǹ̼ϣ֪ԼһǼ롣
ܣֻһ츳ߣ壬ҪŪʹߡ
ʹмȻֿ־壬Ϊһ߱壬Լһζѡ
Уޣ
϶ԣ߱壬ҲʮѲ߱壬ԼԵԥ֮ˣԴѡ
ҶԸˣ
˾Ѹٵķһ
ǣȻֻʹһʧ֮һʵǱ֮һʵڴ˳£˫Ѿʮֵԡ
ϣһǵܣǿʵýƣ𣿡
ķԸ
ҶףһеƾٷԸ
ѡʶʱΪܣʱ
ʹһƼת£ʱڵ޻ţ޻Ҳޣֻɱ˼޻ĵӣƣǱɱǣף
ף޻ǵ٣ɱҲ޿ɺǣ
޻Ŵʱڿ־УԸԼᣬ㰵ԷҪץסᡣ
ܺãԸʱͶٵĶԹһʹԸ⣿
ɫȻʵʹ¹ʦͬʱľģû뵽ƾȻֲһ±߽Լһˡ
ԸⰡ
޻ż˵ȻѸٵķһʹ¹ʦֶ
ಣ
¹ʦֺ˲Ƶһԣʹ߱˾룬ߺ٣ҲԸͶ¹ȵĵѾ˴ҸûʵҲѾ뵡ˣٸһͶĻᡣ
ȻҪѱʹߣñʹ߰Ȼ뿪󳬼ɽֻбһ;Īֱʹûǣ뱾ʹԵ³ֻ·һ
ʹߺ޺޵˵˱ѵĸоɲܣʱҪӳ죬ȴҲ¡
ΣΪ㣬类Ūһ㣬ѵǻҪΪŰ𣿽죬ҵһ룬ֻ·һ
¹ʦֱӵʱϧʹ߾ѣϣǰӡ
ʹߣȻвҵȣҵҲԲŹ㡣
ͬʱ˵
һɱʹߣֻҪɱͲõıˡ
޻Ŵʱ
󳬼ɵǿߴʱì׼ʹߣһͬʹĪ𣬶Ƭ֮ǰ󳬼ɵǿȴʹΪףһ¡
ܺãڣ˱ֳʱ̡ɣǰﱾɱʹߣǱپͶǰ̡֮
˵һ仰˱ǿսͲΥĻ
ҵȽ
ͬʱ˵Ȼ㲻Ķʹߡ
⼸׳գô㱻ˣǶԸ˱ʹߣҲлѵô򵥵ĵ͸𣿡
ʹŭ
ʹߣô˵ҲŬȡͳѾڮٱ٣һôûУͶǴŽʶʱΪܣ
Ц˵ѾԤϵʹߵ³
λԸⲻǰӸҵȻᣬҵȾ͸úúϧھһʹ߰ɣ
ͬʱȵһǿĽƣȫֽȥ
ֻҪɱʹߣʹһᱨġ
ʹҪӳ˵أȴ޷ƿϲõǿơ
ʹߣȥɣ


1064 
ϴʱΪһ壬ͻȻʹ߷˹һǿıںϵʹȥ
ɱ
¹ʦַĺҲʹ߷˹޻ŴʱҲҵս֮С
ĶһΪʹǿĺʱ㴦λãǸ
ʹ߱£ֻŭһȫӭսǿС
һԹۣʫаԭ˲һҪԼ֡
ֲһɱʹߣһ㣬ȻͬʱĿĿɾԲΪɱʹߡ
ֻҪһʱ˵½һ룬ʱЩ˱壬Ҫκһ˶ûʲôѶȡ
а룬ʱȻضԪ֮壬һ㳯Ƕ˵Ԫ֮˹ȥ
ս֮ʱҲʼһԪսضԪ񣬾һ޴Ŀ顣
ΣһɣĨȥǵļ䣬Ȼٽɡ
Ϊֹ֣ѰݾȽ˵Ԫ䣬ҪĨȥԪ֮ķɣһ䶼ѾʧȥԪܹ֮ʲô
ض֪ɵľȻעʱҲȫϣͶ뵽ϡ
ֻǣһʼֶαö˼ʶʲôԪɡ
Ի潣ָԪ֮壬ȻطĨ˵ļ䣬⼸ֶͬʱʩչضԪ֮˾Ǿ
ֲǳɫ棬Ȼָ˵Ԫ֮壬Ⲣѣڷָ֮ŸҽСֵɡ
ʱʹѾѪ߰ߣһģʹ֮Уְܹʱȫƾ־֧š
ϵʵʱֵ쾡£ڶ˺Ϊһʵ£ɱӣںϵʹ߼޻֮֮޻¹ʦִЭӲǽǲһʹɱҧгݣȴ޿κΡ
ʹЩܲ˵ķ񹥻ˣŭҪǱƼˣʹ߾ԪԱǼͬھ
˻һ˵ǲҽ빥ڹЩηηźʹ߷ֵ£Ȼսƾеơ
һȫʩΪһƴΪٵƾҲ˿⡣
һʱɨһս˵ĶǳأиԵʵ󳬼ɵ˾ƴʹߵսоͺڴͣʱĺʵ£вĹƲࡣ
ʹߣ˵Χ£ǶԷʹһӦˣĵķǳأ˺ȥֻµֻһ
ʫһԹսÿνǽζڹĦͬĸսҲĪĺô
ѾԪ֮ȫˣԪ֮ڵĵķΣĴķЩǿ֮ĩߣһҲߣԪ֮Ҳ¡
ɵػԪ֮ʱҲǰԪ֮ľ飬˴ɷԵü˲٣ٶҲ֮ǰһ
ڴʱһͻȻ켣Ĵɽ֮иֳʮֹ졣
׺ڳ˯ôͻȻ֣
ʫȵ˵һĵܣǵȻڣвΪɻ
㣬Ⱦȱʹߣ
ʹͬ˾һ㣬˷ܵĺ
ҵΪ㣬οԾ㣡
׺˵ǾϾ
ʩչͨȱʹһɣ
ʹ߷Ľ˻ˣҪɵ׺ߣ׺ȴŭʹߣԭΪа˭֪㾹Ȼаķк˶飬ڽ̻ǡӳ
ã
ʫỽ
׺ʱ溮ˮǸʫһֻۣǿɬ˵ллĹġ˷´Ϳ̿ʱѾĻ䣬빶ϡ
ʫЩĪвµ˿ʹߵ˷µɱ¾йء
׺ʼǹ϶ԽԽǿȻһֱһζԿʱƻҪǿ
ʱҲ˳ϵ䣬׺ķȻɢǿƣҪԼĿǰʵʵ̫ˡ
ȫסֹ֣ͣɱ¾ֹͣɱ¾ֹͣɱ¾
׺ɽȳ⣬˶һѶϢʹ˺оһѪڣ˲ֹͣս
ʫ治֪׺Ҳ̫ˡ
һǷǶ֣ʲôãοһ򶷵ûһˣֹǵսǺԼ˹ȥ
˵ĲУʹ߷ΪܣΪ׺ǰֹսڽԼ


1065 
С㣬ʹģֹͣսֹͣɱ¾
ʹ߲˵󳬼ͬʱʫ˷ȥԴʹ߻ޡ
ΪʲôҪƭңΪʲôҪɱ˶޹֮ˣ
׺ŭʵϺӿһǳɫĹââɫԽԽŨ׺Ҳ
Ԫ֮壬һ㱻׺ͻȻ־߻ħ
ʱ˿̣˽Բ֪˵Щʲôֻʹ˵ʹߴˣ֪ˣֻҪСȱʹһΣԺ󣬱ʹ֤߱ƭ㣬㲻ţʹ߿Զ췢ġ
׺ԸŭϺȵƭˣǰһΣʮħԱǼɱ¾һգһΣʧȥֺֹʮߣΪǵǲкʵ̫̫࣬ࡣ
˵ʱ׺˫裬ǣһͼֳʮħӵĲһȥͼ
ǻ֮Уһľһɽ֮ϣ߱ɽȣÿһԼĪ֮ڣȻʹһʹطЩ壬Ԫ֮塣
ɽ֮вǿĽƣڱը֮ɽ֮бӯ˷ȴ֮ߵԪ֮屬ըγɵġ
ͼ񣬻и̵ַܵʹ߸ϵ̱յ˺һƺһ㵹زʡ£ǣһȺ˱㿪ʼЩ˽пƶץԪ
ЩͼҲ겻ѣЩֶβ̣һǴģģɱ¾һжʹΪ֮ġ
ʹɫ࣬û뵽ԼһһڿгֳŭǼٵģﱾʹߣ
ҽ㣬Ӷһɱ¾
׺˵Υ档
ʹһһ㶵ģ׺ģɷһЦΰɣƾʵοԻʹߣʹǰɱ㣬㾫ͨϣͽɱˣ
ҵʵȷʵ㣬ȼԪ֮壬صԲֿܹģ
׺Ȼ˵˫ͻȻʹһӣһɫҺٵϮʹߡ
â
ʹͺȵӿһɫâγһѤõɫϡ
׺һЦ˫ֱֺӻΪɫҺ壬ɫҺմȾʹ֮ʱΪ彫֡
ȼԪ֮Ĵۣɣһͬ𣡡
׺ֱҲΪ̵âģζʧˣǹɫâʹ߲õ֮ϡ
˺Զ
Ԥеڤڤ֮еΣգص׺ʩչǿԪԱǵȵͬʱɽ֮ϳȥ
ǿƣҸǰʱʱ䣬ʱ֮﷽Բ᳹ױ𣡡
׺ǲâзʹ߸оĳֹĿֲ
ԭʹභʵֻ׺ֲֿ£ʹ߾Ȼ޷ʩչӶ
׺ֺαˣͬھ㲻ÿϧ𣿡
ЦΪ׺ķϧǸԼһʱ䣬ɷ󣬱ɱʹ֮ʱ񲻸ãοԼлʹߵԪ֮壬ǿ
뿪ɣѾһʩչһƽ֮ڣҰɱʹߣҲΪǰǸɣ
׺Ȼ
ҡҡͷǻ飬ֱǸЦѵԼɱʹ
ˣȥŶŮһɽ֮ϣʱ󳬼˹Ҳϡ
ȵңҲҪȥ
ʹ߼ɽϿյĽƣд󼱣ҲûȥȴȻԼͬסһ㣬Ȼ޷ƶֺ
ɫâʼһҫ۵Ĺââ˸ţʹߵıİС
ôôļˣҳȥ
ʹŭڿоҵĲţһεᵽϢ
׺˹ַ£ʹԹ֮޷ǹȦݳȥ
һΧ޷ѣɽǽƣֱǳ˵Ρ
˺ƿɽȽ֮ʱȻѸٳ˳ȥ˻ͷʱʹߵжô
ɻϧβֱ𣡡
̾ϢȻ˷ա
̳޻Բ⣬ϾҪʷǰĴը̳롣
ڿк˷ԲǧﷶΧ֮ڡ
Ҳڿпһ£Ϊ˭Ҳ֪׺ʹһԱж
ƾɽȵĽƣǸ޷ֵըʱҲ˳ˣҲ㲻Ϊ֮


1066 
˱ûдʹӦ֮˲࣬޻֮УʮƺȻ֮У޻ڿ´ڵһʱس߲ռ
ಣ
ڿһΪʹߵ׼ʹ´ﳷʱɽ֮дһ
赣ΧߵİΣзִ磬Ὣըɽ֮ڡԭĳǰˣ
׺ɽ֮д˳׺̽û뵽ڰʱڣȻԼȾΧߣƾһ㣬׺ʶһȴڷǰϦ
Ȼ̽ң׺ⱿǺο࣡
̾ϢһȻѸٵĳԶȥԥһȴǲΥ˼׷׸ˡ
ڷ֮ʱԵػԪѾӽɣķֻʱˣʱп޳ɵɷ
ಣ
νһɽۣ֮ʫҶ࣬󳬼֮⽵䡣
˽ɽãʮŭԿзЩ˱ռɽɵӣİֱɽţȻŭǰʦ
ŵĵ̣ĸɵĵӣȻôţ
һȵΧʮһŭԲɣ޲ýЩ֮һնɱ
Ѿϰߵʵ󳬼Ҳǰ̫ߵֻʾڵΪԷ׷׽ʵصΪ
Щһ̽飬㷢⼸˵ΪȻ֮ͣз졣
ɵ˼ûзҲͳĬţǳĬĿŵĵȴŲм
תƽǼˣ˫ֱȭλѣҵֻɽһᣬΪŵ˼λͨһ¡
ʫҲͬʱתǹ˵ʵһȺĿࡣ
ϾȻŮӣ⣬Ǵ۽磡
Ϊ֮̾Ȼ֮
мŵĵѾ̰˼βסаĹâ
ΪôӵǲСѵûŵĺպŵɽͷٵø۰ɣ磬߶λŮ£ɽͷʹá
ЦЩԵãΪƾԼʵҪ󷴶Ǳ˶Է
ȻҶ񣡡
󳬼˼ͬʱȵ͸Ųɵķŭ
þλߵˣ˵볣Ҳż
ʵͬʱһϺȣԵʮ㣬˵ŵĵӾͬһȺˡ
˴󾪣Ϊ̫ΣڵĵӸڶԼ˺УֻжһֱЩȫǲ֪ߵغɵӣڶЩʵš
ʱžЩİߣһȲкܿų˵һڶпһ㡣
ѣ֪ĸ֮ˣҪŵɽͷҲñݰɣ
ʻѾ˱仯ʹȡֱӵۡ
һɢޣûʲôɣҪαأ
΢΢ЦһʶڿζԷ󳬼ɵˣȫʵԷˣֻ»ķһֽš
٣ֻҪһ£Ը̱㽫ô׻𣬱֤һڡ
ϼڱ⣬ͬ˵
һ֣ûιȥҪ󳬼ɵſɲһεɣǵĵӣֻŲñ㽫һ
٣¹ʦԸΪЧȮֻ֮ͣҪҪ󳬼ɵκɣ¶Բһüͷ
¹ʦҲˡ
Ȼ󳬼ɵı¹ȣ
ϲ˵ͻȻͨкüѾŵȣȻڵء
٣޻ԸΪٵӣɱ˭ҲԻһǰССţһӱԽ֮׻𡣡
޻ҲʾĿ˵ʱ޷⣬ֻº᲻롣
ǰ˱ƲѲѡվһڣʹѾ޼ĵҲΪɱԣһ㹦Ͷûе£˵̬ȾͷǳҪˡ
һʱĳʱһһ
ɲʹߣ˵ʹ߸Ҫࡣ
ڳʹ֮ʱŰȫУΪʹ£ҲΪˣߣⰲȫбһ㶼ûУΪ˸͸֪Щʲô
ү󳬼ɵ˶ţôòʵ


1067 
Ҳܵ˫˲״̬һ޷ƵĿ־дǣȻŹڵء
ųһ֮£˽ԾֵĹڵأղŵŭѾ޾ȡ
λǰµðˣλǰ˲С˹ҵȰɣ
ųڵأ˵ЩҲͬʱģһʱ䣬Щ˼ھδ״̬֮С
٣ֱɱǣЩһֱ֪жߣжһţȻҲţ
¹ʦЦὫ֮˷˵ţ֮ȣ¹ʦָΪš
˽ԽţԴǼңֱ֮ŵûɢֻں޸ղŶ˵̬ȡ
ˣ˴ˣŵӲǰƱ٣ǵɽţҵͻȻ䣬κһɶǰʣԣ֮е飬ΪЩӡ
˵ɢһƽ͵Ϣ󳬼Ҳͬʱһɡ
˴ˡ仰ƺԤʾʲôźţЩȫС
˸ԴˣɻԸǻʹߣֻһ£ţ
ʱŹǣ뵽ȻʴȣҲŹԼˡ
лǰлǰ֮
ŵӷлһͷʯͷϿĵ졣
һǵһǣǣ´οɵȡѵˣϱ٣⼸ˣǾˡ
ЦָˣҲЩΣֻŸЦΡ
ʫʫǽɣﲼýҲ鷳ڻָԭʵɣҲŵӿ뿪
˵䣬Ѿʵָûз״ֱ̬ӽ˶ɽٳڣΪɢڵΪ
ʫͬʱͷԵķѸٵ壬Ȼ뱾֮УһҲΪָ֮µʵ
ʵеİȫٴҲջطʾˡ
Ͻ⿪ɽͷĽƣȻѸٵĽЧҲиָԭеʵ
ԤʾͽĿʼ˶ԣʵǸϢΪ˸Ըԡ
˻ڵлȴҳٳȥɵһӣǹȨȱУȵٲߣɱ⣡
ಣ
һηеƿŵӸٶ롣
ٵ˿ɵһȣŵĵӱ㱻µƨ
¹ʦ¶ͯаЦ⣬һЦ
ˣ
Цűȭ˵һʫΪȣаԻǲʲôĿģôֱ׵ƨأ
˼¹ʦƨҲΪϵȻ伫
٣һϲɺصӣҶܹҽʶʿңٵʿֵܶ壬ֵܶһݣ
˵䣬ѾͬʱȭϵĹ̬ȵǼٻ
λ겻ţܹʶλҲһ£
ʱľٶʫǻɣ⻹
޻Ź۲˶˵ΪûκΣԣźˣȻһĹά֮һ֮˵ֵԣƨűǰҪˡ
˵ĺãģܺã챾ٺܿģܾûôˣԭȼ˶ˣñûһŭɱ֮ʵ̫ϧˡ
ЦҲЦеİȫ֡
ʫҲܵ˵ĹάȻ֪ǹάĻɱԷƣʫƶЦٿ˵ĿҲȻࡣ
һʱ䣬˵̸ǢɽԭеĲпɱΪһƬ֮
ټ٣ټ棬һʵԷֱ档
־ǿж˵ɱһֱı䣬ֻ»Ļʧ˵ƨ֮С
ʫˣһεûס˹άϵϮʵΪ˹άļöŮЩľֱܾ˵ĻֱάƮƮöŮЦ⣬ͶЩϲϡ
֪˭Ⱦƣ˱ͬʱͬڸΪһ˱ֱӷŵɽΧ
ǰŵ̬ȻǹޱȣžͬСһ㣬һ·ϥΪ˷
һĵͥԺ֮Уһž޴֮ѾƼȡ
ǿ߶ԣԷȾƾԲΪ˻ţΪܣ־Ʋ˵ʹС
ֻһͨɣƫһ磬֪󳬼֮ʱŵĵӽ㷲Ϊھʵǰһߴ̽䣬һˣǽζʱ⣬ҲڲԶţʱŵ


1068 
ƣ֪ûʸ֮ͬǱͷЦĵȺһԣƯŮæŸ˲ϵϲˣϾơ
һʮŮӣЩŮӷɢվû˵ķԸʮŮҲԿ
ǰ󳬼˲òΪһ㲻ƳŮӣȴҲҳЩŮڻ
ϴ׺Ц⣬ȻλʫֱҾ֮
ϵıʵϱǶ٪壬ԼĪҲһ׶Ķλã޻¹ʦҲλá
òԶԣ˵òж֮Բ˵ӢļüߣŮ̲ס࿴ۡ
ޣʫʥ࣬ŮңһʱеӢŮ˲òĽɾ¡
޻ų൹Ǻһ㣬ģı뺷ߵһЦı¹ʦγԱȣ֮ϵ٪ģһ棬ȴһּ˵ĶԱȡ
ȴСЩˣΪгصϢЩһǾ֣һκһˣű㽫һ𣬲ڡ
аȵЦЦȻ˫ͬʱȻĽʫͬʱӵ뻳С
ʫ΢΢һЦ޲֮У޽ߣΪܵĽӴǰ֮Ҳֹǣ֡
ɫŮڻУָоãϵЦŨͬʱͷЩƣۿŮȴ޸ܣҲһԵʹࡣ
λȻǾ뱾ٽˣôӴԺ޻󣬱¹ȣɶֱָܱӣǿ
鵭Ȼ˵˫֮ɢͱ˵Ĺâ
ͬʱƺ̫ˣȻʹʱҲ˵ŵĻ
٣ʹ֪ͨ£Ҳ֪¹٣Ϊˣ²ŵ֪ٴ˷¹ȵѾ˴Ҫָӱ¹ȣֻҲ˿ָӡ
¹ʦֿЦͯϹЦ⵹˿Ÿо֡
ԭǰҪָ󳬼ɣѵ⼸ı󳬼ɵĴ
аԳԾʱоڴ˵ЩҪϢЩɱڣָǺá
˵زҲԲܹߣԼźˣǱԵŲˡ
ӣ¹ôҲûɣǻôٺ٣һˣԳ󱾸¹ˡ
ٺЦֱԡӡƺЦñ¹ʦŭ־
٣˵һ㣬Ҫʱһ꣬ʮ꣬Ƕʮꣿ
¹ʦֿЦʵ
Ȼ㲻ɱ㣡
Цᡣ
ˣҲٵҶҲԲŹɣ
ҲЦŸʩѹ
˵ǽˣʵȫ쵼ڴʱ¶ԵϢоԲı˵Ŀơ
֪˵ķָʲô
ͬʱʵ
ϸˣɱˣԻɱ¾
ʱ˽Իԭ˱ʵھ֮ڣɱΧڡ
ЩҪںϷٻںϣΪҪʱϵԣ޾˵͵Ϯ
֮Էʱͽ⣬һȾƣҲԼĿġ
α壬ںϷ£͵͵ϢںɷֶΣһںһɷҪͻȻʩչɱ˾ѣ潻սԭ
ٵ˼ܼ򵥣ӽ쿪ʼ˵Ǳٵģ󳬼˵ҲǱٵģһһĳڱٷ֮ǰҪ˭˭ſԻҪκ˾ͱ𣿡
˵⻰˼ڱˣ̽ǵķӦ
˻һڽȻ󳬼ɵ˼ȸоİͬʱķŭѡ
֮ѡʹߣǰΪ˻Ѿסĵ֮ͣȻľʹȫ
󳬼пʼţȴѾŵˣ֪ذϢԼȴһ
ʱЩ飬֪Խ࣬Խãʱ־ŭʱŲ㱻ŵĻɢ
ͨ
Сһ徹Ȼȥд󾪣ֱֱĹڵء
λǰţҵȲϢǰ죡ǧҪɱڣ
ߵװ
ͨͨ
ʮŮӼŹģҲģζıǡ˵עղŽҲ֮͡


1069 
죡
ĺȵ˱㴦ĵزһڵϣҿһ
˴ӦǾͺͱٺһƣӦߡ
Цžٱʫ΢Цľٱ֪Զˡ
󳬼֮ԥţһٱеĺǳΪˣԭڡ
ʽƣ˽Բҵһ̬ȣҲһ̬ȣΪͷױɱβҲױնɱ
뱾ԣô
еľƱڿУѾԽ䣬ǿɱ⽥ӣƺʱпܱ
ʫ֮ҲɢŨҵɱ⣬һʱ䣬֮гĪɱ֮
٣Ը£ԲΥ
ȷԣȻֱʣ¶ʹɫ
٣¹ȣ޻ҲԸ£
ʣ¶ͬʱȭȴǸԴ̡
ϵĺ壬ʮΪܵϵԲŻ᳼
ףǣȻҲûһѵʲôıɣ
аһƱ̽ˣԸʵʵĳпܷŹеˣ޻ţΪǾ֮˵ԵʣҲŹġ
໥ȴĻɣаԾ衣
ܺãӴԺȾҪúΪ£˳߲գپǰ޻ֻҪǱٿŲˬߣһնɱ
һ仰޻ֱðٱ
ͬʱ֣ƱڿײһȻ󷵻ظбһ
󳬼˽ƣƹѲ˽ԺȵЩ״̬ˡ
٣һ̳޾ƣ˾ƵζǱںȵľζʮ
ϽžЦĴһɫâһ̳ƱڶС
˵ĬǷͬһ㣬ȻһһֻסǾ̳
޾ƣǷǳƣ˵޾Ƶ䷽ѾǧǰʧҪѰ޾ƣʵڴ룡û뵽ϾȻأ
¹ʦֹ޵֮֮ɫһͽ˵Ŀ׷
޾ƣȷʵ
޵۾΢΢𣬶е޾ȤŨ
ʫҲ˵޾ƣЦŴ޾ƣ̳ѾƣһּѾ߲ϡɼ塮޾ơ
Ŷˣ⼸һﵨӲСȻģظղŵҪء
в޷ɾ裬һȡ޾ƣбԼ³˶˵Ŀġ
ãأȻǼƷƣˣǵĹͿɲСһٲ˸ǵĺô
ŹЦ֪Щ˶Լ̬
٣뿪ưɣƵζڿУҹɢ
϶һۣȻͬʱ޾Ʒϣ޾ڿУֱǰ
Ȼһϸʳָǣ̳޾ƽϣȻڲſ̳
٪ֵܣƲжɣ
ֱʵеЦͬʱһ𣬰̾Ǹ֮ˡ
٪ֵܣҪǸҶ˼Ҫ˵Ĳ㣬ϷҲŹ㡣
¹ʦַһͯɵЦЦ϶Ե˷̡
õϱг٪ֵܣ绹ǵһΣʹҲ˳ƺˣ͸Ҳ˶˵ļɻ䡣
зȴֲҷֻǺݺݵĵ˱¹ʦһۡ
ӣ𼤶û㣡
Цñ¹ʦҲˣΪӣʵǷԼļɻ䡣
޻вһţ֪γƺԼ
٣ֵһӣֵܶҲ򲻸ھ¶ǿѰ·Ϊ
ϿЦͬʱˣеһţ¹ʦ޻ź侫⡣
ŶҲûӣ
Цָһָ̳ƵķڱѾʱһŨľζͻȻɢ
þƣ
޵Ҳ׷ӣƺԸеľ㡣
ȻɣҶ˱ȸΪ
ͬ˵һ̳ˮߣǡôĽǰı
ȸΪ
ͬʱСֽƱȻһɫ֮һƬ̹Ȼ
ٲǿЦѣǶ˺˼һһ
ŹЦһ䣬Ǿ̳֮ͬʱߵˮߣ֮ǰıоҲڴʱγˮ߷档
һ¶ǣŷ޾ƵζǰŵľҪࡣ
űóƣбȽϲм޾ƵζҲզ࣬Ͼ𣬾ϵЩ׾ƣȴΪʱĹϵȲ޾ơ


1070 
ｻĿʱʹȴھƾǾûȾƵĸоˡ
һ̳޾òƬ̣˸ںȹ޾ƺ˴ʱҲŵơ
ϧˣҵֻһ̳Ӵ´һѰ̳١
̾ϢҲҺӶˣղھ¶ֻ̱ᱻ֡
ǲװˣһкöûóɣȡپҪѲߵĴƷˣ
Ц֪⼸˶ԼѾʮֲһı
ĿЦ¹ʦֺ˵µҲܹ˽ˣﻹһ̳ƣǲ޾ƲǬơ
ಣ
ٴθֳһ̳ƣ̳ӵɫȻǰɫģ˾һ޻ʦѾĺҶƣഫھǿһԪڣ˾ƿǱ޾ƻҪܹ磬ʵ̫˼ˡ
ҶƳһԪڣȻˣεеأһԪΪأҲʮֺ棡
аȴǲɫѯʵ
̳ҶƣȷʵףðΣյõġȻȤ¾ͽλҶƵĹ½ɣ
һγѾõ£ҲŸոմﵽڵΪһؾɭʱʶһǿߣ˵һԪڵӡұ֮ãȻһΣؾɭֵǿħߣһսУһԪλˣҶͬʱһɽȶ׷ɱںһҶƺҷж̳Ҷƣ
ҶƿһԪڶеĶƣҵʱĥŻøĺҶƣǱˣݳԪ֮֮ʱʹطϮ㽫ԪˣԪݺϷûɱ壬Ȼȡ˶̳Ҷơ
Ϊ̳Ҷƣ˭֪Ԫ֮᷵أҲԪԱǵʱӵÿ죬ЩħǡøϵɢעֻϷѾĵز֮УϷԺȹһ̳Ҷƣһ̳һֱúȣٵӣϷҲ᲻óƴĺҶư
¹ʦ˵Ȼ̩ȻЦ˵ҲҶƾ㣡õ˺ҶƣֻҲὫ¹ȵ֮λ˰ɣôǱ¹һ
ӢΪ£ϷΨһԪڵıԲ㷲֮λҲҽΣ
¹ʦֻԴ֤ԼĿֻ뵽òǰһԪ֮˻Լͬأ
⣬ˣͲݺˣģ¹Ȳǻûôٸ¹Ļᣡ
Цһӣ̳Ʊ㵽ǰ
ۣ
δʹֽǾ̳ҿһɸΪص㴼Ϣ洫˲г㴼ľζ
󣬱¹ȶʾ֪޻ǲҲñʾһأ
¶һ̰ɫ۾΢΢޻š
٣Ƕ˶ڷεģҲҲ˽ˣ
ಣ
̳ɫľ̳ھ֮ϣ޻¶ʹ֮ɫЩĶǺɫ̳Ƶ˵٣̳ҼƣҴţζݣ̳ʵǶʦɣҲŻ٪ͺӵ޾Ҷƣ
ߣƲԽԽã̳δؾҵ޾ƺã
ϱ֮Ϊ٪壬ǷɵΪڳ˼Ҫ䡣
ǣֻ²ģĪ¶˰ɣ
¹ʦЦ
Ƿ˾ҼƶɵĽƣû¶Ǹע𣿡
޻ŭ
֮ղŻúõģڱ㳳Ĳɿⳡ浹쳣
λͲҪˣԱٵΪǾ¶ʲôãٿɲ¶ƣ
Цֹ˵ȴȻǶԷıرἯС
ɻƱһؿ飬ںɻƺһ߽ԻʱɥʧΪʹʹõ·ӦҲ˴ͬС졣
ļǰ׺ķʹڿγɵͼб޻ĳЩʹǰ֮С̳ɫƺƣ
ƣپһԣ
ͬʱʣµ̳ͬʱȻſһһ̳ҶѾȫС
кããĻɫ潫ЩˮסȻһҶƱѾȫʧ
̳Ҷûκ⣡
аѾע⵽˿ԼƺĳڴвɰЦľƱ̳֪һ̳⣬Ҳѷֱ
ٺ
ͬʱȭһЦ绨
ҶƹȻ鴫֪Σ
˸˵
еȴıȥвʫܲȥ


1071 
ʫʫ޻һƬ֮ģҵȾͲҪˣ̳һһ̳ˣɺã
ЦʵʫҲóе˼ͬʱͷ
һУϲ̣ͬʱͷΨֱ˿еĵ⡣
ಣ
ͬʱ̳븹УȻ¶ϲɫΪƵζǷǳġ
λʵںˬϧҵϼƣֻкľˣ
̾ƳһۣƺҪǵı仯ġ
ļУͼʱûӦڰʱ֮ͻȻ
󳬼ͷʯͷѾ˵أΪ˽̳ƺ˸׳죬ζʲôʮ
޻ƣʱʧȥȥȫΪ˲ԡ
˴ʱĻཥ󳬼Ҳ٩һʱ䣬˱Ͷ
ԼĪʱ΢΢üɢâȻƵĺôǿ󣬱ٸоͷΣ֪Ǹоô
ҲΣܾûˣָоã
˵仰󣬺˵УƺѾ²ʡ
ϴž֮ɫҲЩ룬ƤҲ̧ڴʱʫҲ˵һ仰󣬻Թȥ
󳬼пϲۼʫУֻ翹ú󣬴Ҳ£˱ΩΪ
ô£ǲھ¶ˣ
͵ȵ󳬼һΨƶûйЧ
ǰ˻ҳϾ⣬Ϊ鿴ȥ˷룬˺ͬʱҽһŵĲ⣬Ҷ˵ͷΣҲ֧Ųסˡ
ͨ
ϵϷҲǾȣ˲ֻǺųľƲˣʱȻװжģֱ˹ȥ
޻ŵڶװΣ֮󣬱¹ʦҲҽһͬʱʹȥ
ǣһȾƵͬʱſھϣһ졣
ϵıȾ־ȣΡΡĴӵվ𣬶ʮƯŮҲš
ô£⣬ôܰθھƲ¶
ųϳˣ֪ʵǿĸôȫεʱ治֪ξϣ˶ҡ
ʮŮȻڵϣҲԾţΪ˻Ե̫ˣΪţֻҲ޷κһ֮ŭ
˾һſϣ֮ʹо䷽ǶôǿߣֻҪһʱʱڣֻܹƾ׸ⶾƵ֮
Щǰ޻ʹߵߣǺһƾ׸ԣ󳬼˲Ÿðһԡ
ӱƼҲҧˣοأ
ǰ󳬼֮οϸĽܣ໥ԶƲһУ󳬼˵㡣
űŵĻ겻壬ʱæټг취һĻŵĳҲ벻κν취
ǣ˳ƾڴάڵơ
оĵģһſϣڰʱж˳ĺһ
̧ͷǼֳһĨЦ⡣
ֱ֮󣬼ǵµˣһ͵͵Ц
˻
˿кһˮźµľҺȻȫ
ٺ٣һΣˣ޻¹ȶҲˣ̫ˡӴԺΨ󣡡
ϵڴлصѹֲסĵУҲͬʱϲԭϵҰ֮ǽҲˣһϲԶֽţǾͺöԸˡ
ı¹ʦ֣ҳƺϷֵΪ٪壬ȥɣ
ͬʱһǱ¹ʦͷϣ¡һǱ¹ʦֺ޷ıɳȥ
һ֮䣬ûܹɱ¹ȵʦ֣ΪˣʱķҲԶһ߿ȣɱֵȼߣȴҪķһֽŵġ
޻ʲôȥ
Ͻ޻ҲɳȥȻͬʱƿЦ
ϧӢһͿһʱȻʹƵĶƣǾ͹ֲҶˡ
ϵЦͬʱʫͣʱаĹʡ
С椣һһڱһŮζȻٴ⼸ˣһͳ硣
ϵĬѾﵽϬĸо˵Ļһֲ
϶ҪǸ椣Ǹʫͽˡ
˾Ȼֿ˵ˣ϶ϲæشܺãҾϲʫͦθڣǸͽϴˣֵܶ˸¸£


1072 
Ѿʼа˼ˣʫаЦ
˷ֱʫʱѾԽɷںʵѾԲǿĽơ
¸£
϶ʫ壬ͬʱЦΪ˱׼û۸Ů
ٺ٣Цĺܵ
ͻȻͬʱŵɫ԰ף׼ʩչ
ãʱöʹǾԵ̫ʧˡ
ಣ
ɫĽſֲٶȳնȥ˿¾Ҳû뵽ȻûУҾȻܹ˲䱬Եɱʵ
ϼʹȫں뱾壬ҲһĶ֣ʱûںʱƣֻһ
꣡
һͬʱնϵͷ­γϵɱ
˵Ԫ֮廹ûüӦȴſֲǳɫƾն

˾δԪ֮մ֮гȴǳɫΧ֮С
ಣ
ϵԪٵĳŻһ˲ƣѿǳɫİΧ
ǳɫ澹ͬʱ˲ƣӰεĸϵԪ֮壬ڴʱٴǳɫ档
Ҳû뵽ȻûУû뵽ȻԱǿʵǳɫǿĶľ
ʧȥǿ֧֣˵Ԫ֮ʧȥսʱвıԪԱǳɫ£˵Ԫ֮οԪԱ
Ǹֳһ˿аȵЦ⣬ʹԴԴϵĻɫԶ˵Ԫ֮аΧҲʮϢ֮䣬ϵԪ֮ѾǳɫİΧ֮С
޻ŵĲһ£׼Ƚ˺ٷͻȻϮȴУ޻־壬ȴֲ¶˿춯
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ͻȻȻ̧ͷЦ⣬С΢΢ſ³һǾҺѾ˱顣
ˣȻж
ʫҲ̧ͷҲ³˿ľҺ³ЩƺȻδܵƵӰ졣
ŮһЦȻ׷ʹʵ״̬
ʱѾϵԪ֮壬֪Ҳûôж
ޣƾ㼿Ҳ밵㱾٣Ҳ̫ˡ
ֱ³һںɫҺ壬ǾǳɫĶҺ
޻żҪˣû뵽ԷһҲûжʵζԼѰ·
ಣ
Ӱͬʱ޻¹ʦֵķ֪öƻʧܣʱȻװˡ
ɱ
˫ַɽͬʱն޻ŵ壬ʫҲѡ˹¹ʦ֡
Ѹ٣ʫʱںϷǿʵǶ˸ʫھʵµĶ֡

˺ò׼һͬɱҲڳǳɫ泯ֶȥ
ǿıϵ޻ŵԪ֮壬ʫʥƱ¹ʦֵԪ֮塣
ʱ˿̣ǳɫ渨£޻ҲǱ¹ʦҲԪľ
һֱ˵Ԫ֮屻һвڰڷ
֮ҲǶթΪԷ˶ҩȴ󳬼ûһУҲһС
ʹƵľƶʱ޷һƷһսĵ
˵Ԫ֮壬СӣĹȫǳɫŽס
һг䶨̬Ȼλϣ΢ЦĴӺȡ̳ƣʫҲԷλȴЦ
ߴ֮Уǿֲǳɫ潫˵Ԫ֮ģȻ˭ͻΧԪ֮Ҳǳɫ泹ڵļƻ
٣¶Ҳˣ
ͬʱĵǳɫ֮УԪԱûУֻʲô취
ߣ٪壬ʵڲСȻԶϮˣң˸ҶŮ˵⣬ʵһ
ߵ֮ɢɱ⡣
٣ҵ֪ˣ֪ˣԭ£ҵҲˣ
ϰ
û˵ñ죬򣬱ڱǵԪ֮塣
ȻͬʱֻܹͣӿЦ
٣²δı٣죡
޻ſЦƺŨŨί
ŶΪٺһɵһ̳޾Ʊ˶Ϊ̳֣̳֮о綾ϲģõű˵𣿡
仰޻ŨŨĿ־֮ɫ
û뵽˾ȻδжϷʵ̫ʧˣ


1073 
޻Ȼ̾ϵĿЦϺƣ˽Ʋơ
ʱѾǳɫİΧ֮У˻κλӳԪ֮塣
类͹еһȺϣŵͨӣһɫ֣̿һͷģ
ڰʱ֮žĻȥ鿴˵ˣȻڻ֮УԼʲôЩ򣬵ʱ׷Σ˸ѡ
ڴ֮⣬ΣȴϤĴȻ޴Խ
˽Ի赹ˣǺ˲ã
оڳֺ̽ڲòһѵľ
ǧŵӷ׷׻ŵӣȻױɢְ֮֮·˸Ӵܡ
޷Ĵ֮УҲ˼ŸδЩ˵Ԫ֮塣
٣Ƕ˽д˼ھ¶¿ʵʵģ׳ľвû¶һҪ죡
¹ʦֿɥ޹˵
޻ŴʱĽΪ׳ľΨһû¶ġ
ߣˣ㲻¶ҲܷŹ㣡
ߵһ뵽¹ʦָ͵ϮһԪڵӣɱǳǿҡ
ΪʲôΪʲô
¹ʦֲ׷ʵ
ΪһԪڵӣҲɱһԪڵӣαңȥ
˻һ˾һ
һԪڣ㾹ȻһԪڵĵӣ
¹Ų˼ʵʱɺڲѣ飬˵ĻѾΪʵ
ɼĳУɱ¹ʦ֣ⷴһ顣
󳬼˽ʣԪ֮壬ʱ¶ŨŨĿ־塣
ʱķֻǲ֮壬ͻϮɱˣȴֲܽ˵Ԫ֮УڽǵԪ֮ţҲЩʵ
ʫʫڿʼʩչ֮ʫʫáһѡһԻǵԪ֮ӳΧɱ⡣
ŶŮ˵
磬²ðɣ㲻Ǹ˺üǿԪ֮壬˷ҪɣֻԪɣ߻ħļʻʮ֮󣬲磬һʱɰɣ
ʫգ۾Ȱ
˵ĺܶԣ磬츳Ҳܹ˺޽ƵɣΪ˰ȫ룬ϣһʱ䣬ȶһˣٽɡ
룬Ȼ˵
ڶ˵ʱҲɵͷΪԼȷʵ̫һ㣬ȥѱʲô⡣
ðɣȻҾ͵һʱɰɣֻǣάֲ˺ܳʱ䣬ֻ±ǵԪ֮ӳ
ͷ˵˻ȴаϲ
ֻҪûǿĻΧ˵Ԫ֮ٻԪԱȨ
磬Գã
Щǵʵ
⣬һϰɣҵĵɷ޳ɣǵԪ֮һҲû⡣
˻һ󳬼ľ֮С
ЦЦû뵽ԼҪ࣬ڴһʱ䣬ǰɵȶˣȻ˵Ԫ֮塣
˵֮Ȼԭ
ʫʹܿ㴦ɫâ֮£ֳɫâðɫâ
˽״̬âʼʫΪģȻγһֽģʽ
ʫ¶ϲɫû뵽ԼʱٶȱƽʱҪֹҲٶȵӣаԾ̾ʫġ֮ǿƺԼٶӵԭڡ
ʹʱͨʫġȻҲĳֽڣ˵âȻʼѭߡ
ŵɽΪģΧӴ飩ĳĴƶ
ʫġãʫΪοɵԭڣڡˡʱɽеطԣܶࡣ
ʱʫҲû뵽ԼЧ˹ЧȻͬʱˣٶȱԼһʱ
һΣ˵һ˽ľǡγ˫֮໥ٽЧ
Դ֮ʫӭĸ߷ڣ츳һֱٶҲ֮ʱٶǰһεϣȻаϲ
ʫġﵽ߲κֳںϺܹյٶȸΪʫһʱٶȷĸԭڡ
ٶҲﵽĶ֮ϣΪͱһҪĶܹ࣬Ȼϲʤ


1074 
˲ֱﵽϣϵٶȣֻԼĪһٶȣΪ츳ԭһٶȺյȴȶܺͻҪϲ١
ʫĴ£֮еҲԽԽ࣬˵ٶȻͬʱ
ĵɷѾӽľ磬ʱٵ£ɷ֮вɰ˷ܡ
츳ÿһɷʵӲ٣ߣҲһһɷʵǿ
֮ͻȻ˫ۣһ˲䣬ɷɹ
ڵɷɹоķҲǿ˲٣ʱһȤ⡣
飩㣬£ܴһӿǳɫУӿȻǳɫѸٵɣ⵹ҲЩ⡣
˵Ԫ֮壬ʱȴΣעͽ޹ģΪڳ£ǳɫ
ʹɷʵٴǣһӣһǳɫ泯˵Ԫֶ֮ȥ
Ϊӵ£ǳɫҲͬʱӦӣ˵Ԫ֮򵱼־ֻܹ֮ŭ
áкã
̾ڵȻУֻ츳ʱһһ߽Ԫɡ
ţ
һǳɫ˵Ԫ֮㳯з룬˲书ǳɫ˵Ԫ֮ڡ
Զ£Ȼǽ⻷ƣٶȻȵʱҪٵĶ࣬˵Ԫ֮ڸȻǳɫһռ֮ڡ
Щж˲䣬ȴҲӲʫע⣬Ůȫû츳̬ʱһĶõĽԪ֮塣
⼸ɵҲȶЩɵУԪҲĨȥԣڲ׼˵Ԫ֮塣
˵Ԫ֮壬ɲһɣǱ㰴Ⱥѡ֮һԪ֮塣
ʫһһңȫעţΪһξȻ˶Ŭ˶вʡ
Ҳû˳£˵Ȼ໥ںϵЧڵĵԪ֮壬ԷǳٶȽɣһɣһ߽ɵԪ֮ա
һԪ֮ڵĵɷѾʼΣɵľ󲿷֮Уʮԣһǳɫգûнϴȵ
ֻԪ֮űǷգ𵤵ȻӵرѸ٣٣ǰûɷڱѽ𵤷
Ԫ֮壬ʹյķʽһڷָԪ֮壬ȻĨȥԪ֮ʶſʼһɣ̶ԣԻӵ츳߶ԣٶѾڶˡ
£ŷʱҲ˵ȥ
ܱߵһֱڲϵĻۣ˸ߵĺºѾڶĽǰѡܱ
Դʶ㣬ǳʺ֮ʱ֮ҲչһսΪռŵɽ֪֮жڴ䡣
һ֮ݶ󳬼һһĹϷŵɽڣͬΪ󳬼֮һı¹ȣʱѾɥʧ˵λʣļ¹ȵӱ޻ɱγ˶ǿȫ¸֡
ڹںЧ£Ϊ֮أյųΪʥأֵֻ÷̵ŵȴֻܹ硣
޻󼸺ŵȫᵽɽŸ󳬼ɵӼʮ֮ڣ˶ͬʱٶȿ׳ۡ
ˣǳҲö󳬼ɷһ֮ãŴɽ֮⣬Ҳ˲СɣЩСȻ󳬼ɣҲֻܹھŲԶ
һʱ⣬ͨ߶Ը㲻ʲô޷ҲЩΪǶˣΪȴ𾪡
еҲڽϡҲȺ˫ۡ
Ŀ⽻Ĭֹͣǻ˵ɫâҲͽɢڿС
ʱʫѾϲɫϲŶˣΪһʵʫòϲ
֮ǰһһΪİٷ֮һ츳еڡ
޵ҲֳϲЦ⣬һ൱ϣȻбȽϿġ


1075 
㣬һ꣬ΪΣ
Цʵ
ɷѾϣò˶ãɷ㽫ɰɣ
ʫβסеϲãҲͷ΢Ц
㣬࣬ǵɷʵҲˡ
Цסʫ֣ʫЩȵ˵ɱȲˣɷҲһĶ֣ڵ޳ɣҾ͸Ķˡ
㲻ҪԷƱѾˣܹĳǿһڷ֮ǰֵҵı壬ôʵ
Ͽҵ˵ʫĶ̸
ŮܣаϲԭĶŮ͵˼Էˡ
ãŮͬʱʵ磬֪һջΣ
ջаɣ˵Ԫ֮壬ɷѳɡ
ܵȻĻش
ĵɷ޳ɣζʲôÿɷԼĪĶʮʵһɷʵĸֲ
ʫ޵֪ԼŬʵĲҲֻԽԽʵ
һɷʵϾԲֹʮΪα岻ҵıʵһɷﵽʵԼ̫ǿˡʵҲԽԽˡ
Ҳʮ츳ڣ츳ױȵģȻôʱһɷ
ǰƨˣҵʵҲûô
ǫ˵ȴһСܣ룬ǾȲ߶Ů
һУĵɷɹֹȥһ꣬ǿԪ֮壬ԣʱڣɷҲɹɷҲɽ𵤷ͻȻϡҲɷҲαչ֮ɹ
ɷеĴǣζһȫµĿʼһ츳߾ӵǿľŵҲһԼĶ֡
˼䣬ʱеѾϡûеĵزΪչص״̬£ҲԶΧϢա
ڿл֮еǿƱʧˣʱ̸ܵɽŵı仯
ǰɣΧʮԶĵطǴﵽ֮ѹ޷ȥˣԭΧЩˡ
Щȵ˵Ҫ߳ǿʶѾΧ̽һ顣
ʫ̽ͬȻ
ԭˣȥɱЩһȻǵǸ
޵ֳɱᣬǴһӰ˵Ч
ĪҪ嶯Ѿ־棬ɱǣʲôãֻ˷ѡ
ʫɫȻȰ
λŮߣȥƣǺηʥڴ
аȵһЦȻȳȥȫȻȴһߵơ
Ŵ֮⣬޻ָߣΪΧԱΪ޻Χ
˳϶У֮߳кʮߵ˫ۣһȵ߳ˡ
ʲôˣ
һ߲һ׵٪忪ʵʮͬʱ٪ķ򿿽һɫȻû뵽ⱻǿƷĴͻȻ
ʲôˣ
Цķʵʫһһҵĸ
Ϸţ֪λǺݣ
С˹˵ҲϾǴǿ߳ߡ
ŶԭҲǸСС٪壬һᣬһᣡ
Ȼ˵ų֮ɫѹԼ޷ȥԭռ˴ϵĵطǿ߾ѡڿ֮˺ܴһԲŵ´֮еΪ̡
дŭɫҲЩȻϾ٪Ƿۣ˭˵֣̻յ𷣡
󵨣ҷɻ䣬ɣ
֮⣬ʮ˼ͬĺȵƵʢˡ
Ųδ˵ȴҲûֹ֮˵ĺǳ⣬ȴǸͲΪ֮΢΢һЦЦкȻЦ׽͸
ţϷɱСӣ
һͬСһ׵Ů٪ս֮жĵ⡣
ûбŵ˭Ҳ
żʱֹˣΨִʱδ֪ˡ
ߣŮ٪壬ɫͨͨĸǲƢǲСٶŮ٪ûһȤѹɱ˱٣
֮˲ȴ֮ˡ


1076 
Ů٪嵱󵨿ͽҪòȡˣߵĶŮӳĸߴʲôãǶﻨƿ͸ţҲҪǶˣѡң
һΣƵģŮ٪չĬˣһ鿴ʫаΪŮɫ
ʫͬʱŭ˵Ů٪塣

һ˲ʹƣڵΪ
٪ŮȴǺη壬ͬһʱҲڵΪз༥Ƕ˲ǰţѰ·Ϊʱֻܹ¯ķݣ
ʵô˵ȴ㹻ţ٪ŮȻʫͬʱķ쭡
ĵطһԿȣ໥ľɣʹĽ򣬽ƾٱ
ͬʱ˰ɿ⣬ȴǸûƶ
ʫŭ֮ʱ޶ԣȻһЦУֳУȻһָŮ٪壬ǣ𾪵㷢ˡ

Ů٪ֻһ޷ĴϮ岻ĳԷȥд󾪣ͬʱһ֣ʹŮ
Ųû⣬˾ˣȴ޷ŮӾȻء
˲ĹŮӱѾɵǰԶʱһɿֲŮӵ֡
㵨ӲСأҶԱٵŮ뱾ٹȥ
ȻЦһקŮӵıײڵϣ¡֮
һ֣֪ûУ
һ֮ȡ󣬽ʵŮӸȻ޷֮
ಣ
һƾն˷׷ʹ˸Ե
һʮˣû⣬˷׷ʹʹ
һ
һзŵڵصŮ͵ĺȵ
۹֮ŮӵĵһѸٵ뱾ںһʵ˵߱ҡ
ȻʹһŮҪҲԵ̫ʾˡ
ڶ
ŮӼڶ뱾֮󣬾ȻȻ޷ѡ
˴Ϊ𾪣оǿ˹ʵҲЩ˵ȻˣȻ뵽ʲôƵģ΢΢
Ůӽӵжǽȫ뱾֮Уʵںһɷǿ󣬸οںĵɷ
ǷñٵŮֻŵ¯أôоٵ¯ʸûУ
ƽʵɵЦа
ŮӴʱ֪ʵǿԼȻں˶ȫʢʵҲ޷
ʱŰС׳˶ڴ֮߳Ȼ󼷳ЦݹȭѣŹ̵ܽӲϣе֮ѿһΰɣ
û㣬˵ʲôѵӺܴ𣿡
ͷţһ˿صЦ⣬Цзŭȴֲ׵ǰ֮ˡ
޻Դ˽֮ʹ߱ͬ󳬼ɵĸһͬʧȥټ
Ѿȥһ࣬󳬼ͬʱ´ȻȻһ¼ֵİ汾ر࣬ȥʲôطȴǸִһʣһ
֪ս޻ˣһжŮòǡ÷Щ˵ŵµ˱ս޻ˡ
⴦û֪ΧΪλǿΪŵӵļʧ٣Χγɵԭν˵硡
ʵѹգ
ŲıӣȻЦűȭʵϵıӾЩ졣
һۣƽ˵
Ǹս޻ѵǸʹԼ󳬼һʧٵ
ŵмɢĪɣʱҲ׹ΪŻ˵̬㹧Ļݡ
Ǳ٣
Ȼ˵ǹһĨζǳЦ
ôλʫ
Ź˵̬֮ԵùѾʼЩ
ʫͬʱͷȷǰ˵ݡ
˵ʵһ֮Ҳϵķִ󲿷ֵΪ˵ʵ˷룬ӦòʹԼ󳬼ɵЩҲһСΪ˵ʵҪԶʹߵˣͦ˵ıΪҪ
˵硣𽥵ĳΪ¼Ҳˮ档
û뵽˻Ӵ֮߳΢΢һ̱뵽ǿĶϣ֪ˡ


1077 
ҿһλ٣м»ͷλ֪мϣ
Щŵʵзǳ֪Ƕŵ䡣
۰Ͱ͵ˣⳡҡͷЦЦɷʵѵ˳ֱΪ˻شǵ𣿡
ңңˣֻн֪жλʧٳϵϢ޶Ѳ֮⡣
֣˵ȻαЦ⡣
ŶеӶѾƱˣԱپ޲֮⣬Ǹŷ緶أǸ˵α
ЦŷʵǵıаԲˬ޲õɱΪɵʵҲֻнŭסϷЦ⡣
ƢٺãʱȴҲЩ̲סˣĺһһģĺ˼ڿǿסеŭȻλѣǧĴԲλΪУλһӣѰҸ徲֮أһһЦ񲻿գ
ǺȾưպǶ٪µĶƣŹȥãһжˣ
̾ϢȴǳЦ֮ɫ
磬ľȲãΪǻ¶ҿԸֱӵӣҲҪΪѣ˶ƣǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ʫҲЦ˵ºȶƣвˬţǽĻˡ
бһû뵽Լھ¶̱ѾԷˣʱȻ֮Ҳ޴ӱ⣬ʱҲ֪һϢǾԶԸˡ
ʫͬʱԷ̣ҲɸЦ۲˵ı飬ЩЩҲסˣһʱĿͶš
Ҳû뵽Լ˵ʲôᱻ˺Ķʱ˵ӣҲˡ
ϷôҲݶ󳬼ɵ֮һǱ裬ҪǲСĴȥɾɨˡ
а
ãȻλС֮ĶȾ֮Ǿ͵ʲôҲû˵˵ĵ̣֪λΪ
ŵĴΧһԽ԰ͷʿǰҪ߰ࡣ
ӶЦʱ˵Ȼ˰Ե˵طŵɽڣôͻˣ
ԣһǰµĵ̣ȻΧѾǹƣڡ
һĸߴĺ³ŵʾʮ˵
дûǴ˵ｻƹܣԭ˵Ļ˵Ӧ˵Χǡ
ʫⷬҲЩȻʲôʱ˵˵ؽԼˣʫҲѧʹüıˡ
Щٻ˵̫ˣôԼ档ŵĵʧٵ£޷֤ʫ֮α
Ǹߴ˼Ҳ˵ѾţѾ䣬Ļû֤ԣ󲻳ǵΧ
ԣû֤ݵ鲻Էڣ뱾ŵʣȻΧ
ǿ
Ȼп䣬֤ǵΧѵΪǵվƬϣܹ֤ǵĵ𣿡
ʫһ˼΢Цľ䡣
˲ЦݵԼ棬ӾۼڴˣѾһ꣬ҲѾռ˵صʵǲţȥκ֤ʵ
ߵĻΪʲôҪţֻԼжϡ˵ҷգҾͿ˵ҵģǱ뺣У󺣽ҵģ
಻֪չϬķ
һаЦʫЩͯδʱȻʼ˾˴˭̵⡣
ʵһҲҪҪĲ˭վƬϣ˭һֱƬϡ
ƺҲִˣŵЦãΪǱչҲƽվϡ˫һ㲻ѣҲˣҵÿ·Կȥ
ţ˾򲻿ɣǸõǣͽ䣡
һȰǣмȰţʮǿӲ
Ǹߴͦ뷨źǳһȻһƶʾó·ͨ
ߣ˵ɣô˾˱չ֮˵ֹ״̬ǲԸƽϣǲƽϣ
˵ʱѾںʵʱս׼


1078 
˻һпΪ仰ԽΪΧ˳㣬ԭԵʡ
˵Ȼֳ˾춯صЧǵҪôǿΪ
Ŷԭѹִ˵˳㡣֪߲ҵȲ֪е飬ΪȻΪڸֻ֪ȻΪ֮͡
Ȼ˵жŶԷ˵ʵ
һ֪߲
ʫЦЩá
֪ԼԴɺȥʵλ֪ҪΣпԲλĵطǻᾡΪġ
ʫڴʱͬʱȨ
һ˼ѾһݣЩ˵Ԫ֮ȴҲԼǵԪ֮󣬱ȿһЧ࣬ңﻹм˵Ԫ֮ʺʫɡ
˵ĵȴУ΢΢һЦЦݵ׺ʮ㣬ֻ˵Ļȴ˾ŭӡ
ڴ˵ĺķ˲ǾͼӱɣֻҪʮ˵Ԫ֮壬ӣٵԲƽϣһ·
ˣĿɿڴһƬմ״
ãŲŲȻɫʱѾԤеԷ˴Ҳģ˵ʲôûƺѾûá
ȻԷҪսټһʾʱҲͲһеɢĿơ
ʫʵ̫ȻƣǾݹֱŷ飡
˵仰κ˿Уﵽĸ߶ȣֻŰȴյģ⵹Եʮֹ졣
ЩУ٪壬ռԼĪһ룬һҵ٪壬ʱҲŲգﵽһµ߶ȡ
ڲҪϣƽźڳݣȻЦƾСˣʲôʸ飬ʵ»κһǿɣΪһʵҲϵĶ֣𣿡
֪ӺεõѶϢĲ֮أֻڲԹһΡ
ô֪
Ȼʵ
ϵҵģأ˭ϵûһ׼ȷ˵жϵɣ
ϵļ΢֪һЩأĴʵ˽ġ
ϵļŵӣҲ޴ӷֱŵһĶӡ
죡
߳ŭԼأҲֻ֪ɶԷε֪ģ
жмĸأ
Цʵ
ӦǶĸף
һ˼϶Ļش
ڶ˵ʱѾһ㣬𱩵ĺ̫Ҫɱǣ
ˣſ˵һˣҲ˵Ƕˣ
ʫ¶ϲ֮ɫҲͷµŵݡ
Ҫɱңеϵ˱ҲùĽһǰТô˲أ
˻һŵήȥԷ飬ҲҶƾʲôڶԷǰأ
ӣһչʾһ£пܻһ
޼ɵ˵˿أȫŵˣŪ
ǰԵ棿ģ𣿡
εЭˣΪƾԼĶ׽һǰԼ;Ķ֡
Ȼ
ͷʱһЩļ䣬֪ʵǶˣԣŻжףĸס
ֿԳ֮ΪһˣΪǶ˺Сʱ⹦ĺ壬ųƴۺ壬ӵмӱٶȣҲԲǧʱﵽΪ
ſɬЦЦ˫ֺʮдʣıâ֣âǡɼ̳ϵı
Ƕâŵ壬֮ͻȻâһΣκȻŮ塣
âɢȥŵĶǰֱΪһһŮ˵İԴһȲмؽһŮȻߣȴƫݣ£Ϊ㣬ŵŵγԱȡ
еɱɢ˲٣û뵽ԼΪģһ֮ӹһ١
˽ע⵽ˣŵŮ徹Ȼ̬֡
ͬ壬ȻڲͬĶѾΪһ˰ɣ
ʵ
ǵģҶ˳֮㱻⹦һ񣬶ԪͨģʶֻһұңҲң


1079 
̾Щƣǰչ¶Լ˽
ǲѾУ೤ʱˣ
۹ϬɨŮ壬ӴԵ͹ƺеļ
һʣע⵽ŮĶӣȻļ¡֮սҲ޷ڡ
ʫЦ̽Ƕļ
˵ӶɳˣΪŴͬѾǸǳ𾪵ذϢˣھȻˣʵЩԽܡ
ԴˣŵıΪΣս׵סŮ廳еʵȴ⣬Ƕˡ
ǰѾʮˣ
˵ⲻ֪ǻһʱڸв֪
Ŷʮ֮ˣк˭ģ
̾ʮڣΪ߲ͬ߶ԣͨв̫𣬵߻ȴǺʱĳʮ꣬ʮ꣬ҲΪ档
ȴЩɻλеģ⺢ֻ˭ġ
ǰҵģ˴ͬ壬ӲҪκˣ
˵仰󣬲΢죬ŮѾߵͨ졣
ԼԼ㻳ˣΣҲ̫ˣ
˵ͬƵţȻЦʫҲһ󳩿Ц
ʱɿˣЩ˵ԼԼҲ̲סЦȴֲЦʱֻܹǿбסЦһɫͨ죬ǹŹֵıЦԽ졣
аȴֲҵˣͬʱ¶ɬЦ⡣
ˣٶֳŵˣ˱ȫ£
ЦٴζĶӿһۣȻʾϿ뿪
ţ
˴ʧɫæţˣ˾͵Ⱥˡ
ǰ̧֣Źɣ
Źıȭ׳ŵ
ٸһѡǣ͵øĴۣԼѡɣٸϢʱ䡣
˵νİϢʱ䣬һٴκʱ䡣
˽֪˱ս޻ˣʵһǿ󣬴ʱŶ˱ܵ˼οأ
ǰ
һĳϿ׼Ǳˣĵ
ǰ
ͬ˵űߵôŮҲڴʱġ
ìܵľУʱƾ˵ʵ˶ԿʵЩ̫ʵ
ȻҪЩмҲԸ⣬ֳ嶯ԸԼҲҪȫЩˡ
˴ʱĵľٶдԼ뷨
ǰߣ
ſЦָʱ䷶ΧѡȻ˿ЦλίˣһὫ׳ġ
ɵţֻԼųƺ𣿡
һ٪嵱ŭĿӡ
ţϲԶˣ治֪λǰҶӡ
һ˽ӿڵ
ţɣǲҪ㣬ǻŽУ⵨Сһѡܡ
˵ʱʣˢˢһƬǴ𣬽˸Ѫͷ
ҲǸݽɫз˵Ѱҵĳƽ⡣
ǰȻΪǰܵĳͷˣ޻֮أҲ˴ǰǲҲѰǵ鷳أ
ŸЩֵĳǣΪǼΪˣȻһȺ֮˽ƽϡ
ҵ£ţ͸ϽĹɣ򡣡
˵ͣٴֻһһȻζŨҵɱ⡣
лǰ飬¸ˣ
Źһ𾴵ڣȻſʼ׼ˡ
ȥ˽ƣ˲ƶٴκϡ
ҵȺƴˣԪԱսҲܹ˺ܣ
һ٪Ȼ㿪ʼ塣
ʮ˾ۼһ𣬷׷ʹȫЩǿҲֻ߱ĵǶ˵츳ֻܹǷǳͨģһҵʵ
ƴʲôƴأ
ЦЩӲ޺ӡǸŵǻеЩӼԼģҲѡԼ
һԭǾŶһСķԪ֮ԭڡ
ʴҲã֮Ҳգ֮µԵԼģ˵ᣡ
˷׷ɢǿƣγɵƳӿȥ
һ˵ǰ˺ƶԣκв


1080 
ĵǿɷαںһʵȺνĳҪǿ̫ˡ
һɱ
һСŭ峯˹ƣһ˲䣬ȫ߽ͨĹ
ʫ˺󣬸ȥ㶨Щߡ
ЩߵĹʱδɽҲûпս׵ǿֻǾվڶԷĹϮʱȻƤҲûգһ¡
һ˴ŭȻԴκηǣһĽ˲佫֡
䣡
ЩʵȻرǿȴҲȥмںĵߡ
һַĹϮ˷Ǻ֮Ȼڵһϵ̬Ҳǰ㰲ꡣ
ƺֻһݣԵǿߣǾʵǿ֡
ھʵǰƺƴĹʱ˿ЦͺñһȺҪƵеѶȿ֪
һֹ֮м˷õѪŵ徹ȻȷɽҪӲ
һεǿţڷţЩϣһ˿ӡҲû¡
ʵǿ󣬴ҲҪɢһ𲼡󡯹
ߴϵȵ˷׷˺Ȼϵָ°ա󡯵ķλվλ
ǿ
ЦɷķʼͻȻһɷûе״ʱýЩ߼һķ
ǷɢǿԲķʱ˿̣Ȼ벼á󡯣Ǿɵȥ
ʫЯվڰ֮⣬˿һҲĶԷʹá󡯣ľʵǰЩڣԱһʹʧܽ֡
˵УǿʵĴ־壬Ŀޡ
Ϊƾ˲󷨣ԣʱɡ󡯡
ԭڴ󷨣ǿԽ˵ʵȫһҲǽ˵γһСΧ˵ĹҲֵЧǡ󡯵֮
ǰʹһʼ¾ŴֲƵ󷨣˹ص£ֻҲȡʤ
ʱá󡯵ʮˣֻմﵽڵΪʵҲһһʣµжӵĵߣһ˵һֻܹʵһҲ߱ʵ
ӵжӵűŮӶʵڸʵ
ʱֵĿǾʵݵģƾƵǶǿߣһܹﵽʮıʵңһҲʹﵽĶʮ˱ңʵһҲһǿһɷںϵʵ
˵ӽ룬ߵʵܺҲѳɷںϵʵ
ʹɷʵԭ֮һʹĵɷʮαʵ
Щߵ츳㣬µʵܴﵽαµʵԣʹ󡯣Ȼһʵµս
ڷ֮зЩʧǰȻȵǲҪá٪㻹ǣһʵ
һŽӵжŮ٪˶Է֮Уȿֱ㶣ȻԼ˲áȫӡ
һţ˺ò׻ܵļ˲ֱ֮ƣΪԷʵ̫ǿˣһֵıǶԡ󡯵Ĳм
λҵ󳬼֣ӣϷͲԵס󡯵ĹλϷһ֮ɣ
ȻǸΪ׵ϣʱɫߣͷ˫צͬʱעڡС
£巽λѳɣһ߻صŮҲŭż롮С
ڴһҪҪƴȫû磡
ŮӺҲעУ˫Ⱥĵ񼸺ɱ˵Ľ
ǧ򲻿ɱʵƴˡ
˺ʱ˵սѸٵһߵǰἤ˵Ķ־
Ȼƽĸֶǡ󡯵΢΢ҡҡͷЩ˼ʹõʵ󷨣ȻвԼ
ӣһâ˵֣ʱѾﵽƽЧ
ɱ
һϺһĹֱؿڣ⹥ٶĺܿ죬ȴǸûܵͷƾǵϮԼϡ


1081 
䣡
һ촫γɵĹâҵĲι֮󣬷ͬʱɡ
⣬ܣ
ĳ̾Ϊںȫһ£ԷȴǸûܵ˿Ӱ죬ȴˣζŶԷȻռݾʵ
ܣ
ŮҲг־֮ɫ޲Ȼһιζ˴ڶԷľʵƿ¡
ƴˣƴ͵ҾȫУϷ
ŭڹâѸٵߣȵ췢ʱеҲﵽһ塣
ȥɣ
һεĹȷŵҪǿΪһΣ˺ޱʹȫ
̫ˣ
оǹ޷ͻķ޽ӴԼ㱻ȥ
ͣ
徹Ȼɰ֮⣬ڿбѾһѪûڿУǵ档
޲ǱһѪɣȻֵ
˱ʱɵĹâҲɢΪλõȫı䣬⡮󡯾ȻɢˣҲܵķЧ
̫ǿˣ̫ǿˣ
ϰڵϣѪ˵֮еľԶ
ǰСİɣСĲ
һ߹ȥŮӣʱķӦͦ죬ڡ󡯱ɢ󣬵ͨһڵأͷɢۿбˮҪ޳
ǰ
ڵأ˵
ȫʼĺЦЦҲû뵽ԼĻâὫԷġɢ
̰֮Ϊ
Ȼ˵κڿ˲ơ
һǳɫĻڿһ£Ҫ֮ʱȴûܹΣΪٶʵ̫ˡ
˲飬ʱ˵ĸо·ܾúܾã˲֮Ȼֳԭء
Ļǽڿռгͣǽȼţ򣬼ǽ˵ܱ߿ռȫˡ
һΣδչɱǳɫǽ£̱߲ǳɫϮ
߷УֲĻǽ˾룬Щղڵ߱㱻ǽɱ塣
ֶΣ죬ΪԸܣʵʵ̫ǿˣ˿ԶԸġ
ʣ¼ڻţͼİΧȴڿǽ˲֪ȥ
ѹ
˫ڿаڳƣ˫ֽ£֮ʱǽҲѹ


һҽǽѹ£˵һմǻ棬̱ᱻ塣
Ϣ֮󣬻ǽѾѹԼĪδСڳȻʧȥ壬Ԫ֮ڼһΨֱǿֲĻǽɡ
Ԫ֮ƿʫһԿסˣϾǿһԪ֮壬ʫԾҲԿ˵Ԫ֮壬ȴԴﵽɣľ硣
ЩԪ֮Ϻõ壬ȼƷʯҪãҲһְɣ
˵ͬʱ˲佫˵Ԫ֮ΪţֱԪ֮壬ʣµԪ֮壬ԥ븹С
ʫͬʱͷȻʹЩֹԪ֮סɣҲһഫɷֻٶȴҪ̫ࡣ
˷ֱԪ֮壬ѶȲ̫󣬵ҪɣȴһһʱԽǰ׼״̬С
ȥ޻һˣ
Ц˵ЩԪ֮ͬʱȻһĶõȥս츳ֻܹʫ֮⡣
磬Сһ㣬һҪɹͣ߻ħˣǲ롣
̧ͷĺɫ
ʫ˵ֻǵͷͬĻ΢ǵһۡ
λŮģзִ磬ǰǼ̬Ԫ֮ˣֺξЩߵԪ֮塣ҲСһ㣬Ҫ˳Ȼǿɡ
Ц˵˵ͷһѾʧڽ֮УԭǴ֮С
֪ٵʲô޷Ƶһ뵽ԪɵʹЩ˵Ԫ֮ɪɪ
ͬʱҵģʫĵĺᶨΪˡ
ŮоʱԪ֮巢ĲҽסĵԪ֮塣
ڵȻʼȻһһɣ˲Ϣ֮ͻȻڿյĴʱһͻȻ
߿ѣ
ŲæȥȴһڴһǸֶȻԼ
ಣ
˱ԼʣȻѾµԷԼǰףǸûһѾԽǺ򷢳һᡮסƺǳԾ


1082 
ڴǱ޻ǿռĵ̣ΧһȺƺһһųֵ
̫Ȼ޻Ĵڣ޻ĵ̣κδߣɱ⣡
һȵжͬʱΣٶȷʱ·
ںЩ˵İΧ̩ȻԭأȻΧ
һʮˣϴһλжʮˣЩ˵Ҫ󣬲ʵѾµЩ˵ĵʵ
󳬼ɷͥԿܹڴߣǶ󳬼ɵľӢ
һΣ޻ĸҪԶԣ޻òͨϵԷĸ֡
ֻ·ѣҪɱң⣬ÿŶ
µ˵ϵı޻ɻѣĺ£װġ
ߣװǻƣ˾ô¼
дЦ˻絶Ķ
ԣ˵û˷ǳ¼
Ҳͷ˵
޻Բ㲻ôԼԼˣҲ̫Źˡ
ͻȻһЦĺãǲ׼ˡ

޻ͬʱЦЦΧǽڶ
ҲЦһתأ޻Ҳòȥͬ¼
ߣ
Ǻ˵Цݽϣһ޻˷Ӧ׷׷һ
˸£µкξģм޻֮ģϴ޻ӭѣԷ޻Ҳʶ޻ֶεġ
Ǻ˷Цɱϧ޻Ԫ󣬾Ȼδ֪κõļ䣬ֻһܣǼһｫԪļȫĨȥˣ޻ˣǱˡ
Ծ֮⣬ǲǣ
ͻȻʵһʶʱԭŵոΪϢ޻һ־ɫɱҲĳϮȥ
㵽ʲôˣƺûʵǿĳϰɣ
޻ĺ˲ʵѾŨŨɱ⡣
޻ɢѹʱֻǶмˣ޻뵺ϵһģЩ˵ΪӦںܶǰִƬأ򲻿
û뵽ǰʱ˵ߣȴߣǵʵ̫ˣٺ٣
ϵЦаȣ˵Ļ޻п𣬲֪Լ˵Ϊλᱻʶƣ֪Էʲôˡ
㵽˭ǲ˵Ϸ֮أ
޻ϵѾϳ΢΢ţóǼģ
˵֮أ˷׷׸źȵ
˭ҪҪҾ˵顣ڣ֮վһ֮վұߣҸǰϢʱ䣬򣬾ͽȫնɱ
ָѾޱȡ
һߣ
˿϶˵
һǣĴﵽΪϵߣϷȫ֪û
һ߸Ϊ϶˵
ôŵߣǵһμ֪ƾʲôǰأ
Ц
ʱ쵽ˣǲ벽޻ŵĺ󳾣ǿҪץʱˡ
Ҫʹκƣһ仰ͬشû˵࣬һŶ˵Ļ
ôˣǶ٪嵨Ҹ¶Ѿ˱ٵĽ֪꣬ƾʲô汾ٵ
˵һ仰𵽵Ч壬ǵڶ仰޻˽ĻΪԷ֮ˣȴܹ˵أѾ֤ʵʵǿθһ˴޻
ɱţѵǸʧٵ
˾ʱŷ֣֮ԷԲǵʧķ裬ǿߡ
ϵʵΣ޻˽жţ䲻޻ţʵǿŴҲϣôﻹ֮һսʵ
ಣ
֮ߵĳϣʱһȻѾһ
ಣ
жȫʼƶ˲վ˸Եλá
ȻֻжǾ֮ˣⳬ֮һ޻ȻҪǵ֮ˡ
ип
̫һľԣǶҲھ֮ˡ
һдȺд
ôܲǾ֮ˣڴ˵أڴ˵أǾ֮ˡ
һ㶵ȻһҲͬ㵡
ƬسģⲢǱǾݵˣǵĸɣǲͬһط
һģ̾Ƕ˲ţǼ˵̫һҵӣľԱ֮ӣ
Ƕ˳ԾųOͣͬʱ¶֮ɫΪ֪Լݶ˷ܡ


1083 
ľ֣ԭҶ˲ǹ¶ŵĶӣ֮ӣǲǹ¶
Ǹ̫һ˺Ц۽ǾȻӿỨû뵽ʱ˿̵֪Լʵݡ
ǰǶǹ¶
ľиϵȺ֮䣬̫һͬˡ
ܸ˰ϲǶƽ֮գ
΢ЦʱЦݿ䣬ǶæҾл
֮⣬޻ĸ־ȻȫǾ֮ˡ
ǰ֪Ϊε֪ҵȵݣղŶеǰԭ£
޻Ϊ׵ĳϴʱѾû˸ղŵİȻ֮ɫǹʩ
ؿν֪߲һܣҲǾ֮ˣ
ЦĺУܲ˵Ц˲޻ĸ֡
ǰ֪ǺηʿѵҲϷ
޻³Լ˵
ȷʵǾ֮ˣҲϷλ֪ʲôʱǱݵģ첻˵뱾Σ
̽˵룬ԼԵ򣬵Ȼڴ˵صľݣֻЩһ˾ݾӦǵ֮ˡ
಻Ǿ֮ˣʱеЦ⣬޻˵Ҳ
ǰĸܹ޻ţҵһЧҡ
Ǻ³ϼ˵ͬǰ޻ţҵһЧҡ
Ҫ޻ţѵǱˣʵ֪Щ˵ԼҲǾ֮˺㶯˼
ǰûҵд⣡
³Ͽ϶˵֮Źľâһ뵽ôǿĸ޻ţٿһͳ
ǣɱǵأѵҲ⣿
仰ʵʮֱӣ˵⣬Ǹܣ޻˶ԣ֮һ޴ʧ
Ǻ³΢ԥ˲䣬˵޻֮ţ߾֮Ȼǰűǰɱֻܹ֤ǰʵǰŻҪǿʵΪ𣬼ȻǰʵǰҲǾ֮ˣȻʸ޻ţֻҪǰԸ޻֮λҵһȫ֧ǰ
ǰͲҪˣȻǰɱ֮𣬵ǹǹ˽˽վڹĽǶҲ޳ǰ޻š
֮ӾȻҲ̬
ľͦߵģɱϵ㻹Ƽ޻ţѵͲڵźޱ𣿡
Цʵ֮һ˿ɱ⡣
ǰ¾ԲǰĶ֣ʵ̫£ҲԲ֮⣬ǰ
֮ڸܵɱ󣬵ģΨִʱնɱ
Ŷ湻ģԼϵɱˣȻˣַȥк壡
ķ̵
ǰ˵ԶǶԵģԸҲԸð
֮ӵͷ˵Χ˱鸴ӣͬ
ȨҲûˣˣñһ̰ɣ
˵ͬʱֳһӣһɴ㽫֮ӵѸ
޻Χ֮˷׷ܣһãȻ֪֮ѾĵĻ
һֻ˵ĲӣһӲ²λ棬֮ӵѾ˲ɱֻ촦ĵز
ǰΪʲô
֮ӵԪ֮Ҳ޷ߣĵ׷ʵ
Ϊ˼ɱ֮ô򵥣Ԫ֮岻ñɰɣһ塣
ſ΢΢һ֮ӵԪ֮ѾĸУһɱֱΧŵĹǺ
һϴʱҪܣȴϢвõĽƸ˻
Ǻ³ȴ벻ͬΪûκγе³޻ţԲŻնɱ֮ӡ
Ĳݣֲοʤ޻ţѾ޻֮λҲûҪɱ֮ӡ
³뵽¶Ц⣬¹ӭ޻ţ
¹ӭ޻š
ͬһʱ乧һ֮ɫ
һ޻ʲôûȤǵ˰ΪٽҪɱ¾һسɷ𡣡
ٺЦ޻оû뵽Ϳ޻š
ǰҵԩ޳ΪʲôҪɱҵȣ
³ϿЦʵ
ǴңԶ֮ضѵھͼıǲǵһҲռݣʱȻײԵɱȣһ徲˵ɱҪɣٿȲ˳ۣɱ֮ô򵥡
Ļ޻һȻԷ£˵ͷɱϡ
ǰȻҲǾ֮ˣΪҪҵȣѵټĵطûҵ֮أǰԸҵھݴ½һΰҵգ


1084 
³ϲĵ˵ҲɻΪζԷϤԼͼıݵ
ڣı죡ٸһƽսĻᣬǵı壬ǵȺܱ٣ǾɼưԾݵΣ٣³
˵ˣâһǹȨѾС
޻ٴ˼ȾŭʱȰ˵Чֻʣһ·Էƴ
ƴˣֻһˣһ㣬Ҳһҵô˵Ķ֡
³ŭ仯ޱ壬֮ʹҲ׷ʹ
޻˱ΪŽᣬں³ϵĵ£һҰ޵ĺЩ˿з
֮ԣȼȸҾݣ͵øӦĴ֪ۡȵļƻǵߣռݣưԡϧ̫СƾƬˣ
һֳֹȨȣɽΡм䣬мı֮ɫ޻ڸʱĻ޻ܹĸֱܵӡ
ղһƭϷģʵǾ֮ˣ³˵ʱֱƭǿҷŭС
Ŷʵ˵еٴСھƬ½ҲӦǾ֮ˡ
۾κˣںͿ˵һ㡣
Ϸһ²Ϊ֪ǵļƻΪοʶҵȲǾ֮ˣ
³֪ʵǳǿ޻һ࣬ھʵ֮£ҪǷǳѵġ
Ǿھô꣬ͿԱ仯Ϊ֮ѣٸǣһֻκεط꣬ıʲ䣬Ҫֳ֮˵Ҳܼ򵥣
Ц˵޻ϵ޻˼Ҫץ

һ޻һƻǵĳܲʱų˫צڿĻӶǼצƺӵ˺һе
ںϱ壬޻ϵʵǲģȣΪ츳ԵʣȻھԵ֮С
ºܳ嶯ѵ֪嶯ħô
ŭЦʱ¶ԷĹûκεܣֻ֣һɫâ㳯ŶԷı嵱ͷ¡
¡
ɫĻâȻԷĹɵסĹȴǽʵʵ˶Էϡ
໣
ϷһİֻӰһΣһֻצӱ㱻ӰС
ǿ֫壬߶ԣһʹĸо
һ֮䣬ֻǾĻӶһеĹȨȣʵǿĳϱʧȥһֻҪצӡ
Ϸƴˣ
ŭ˵ޣŭ󣬺ǰǿơ
ɣӭƴ
ɫȻ˵һָһֹȨȣϴЩЦ⣬ʱĶȴ֮ɫѪ֮Уİʱĥߴ֮׹Ǵʤ
޻˲ûмⳡΧУǸ˿ǳһһĵ

޻ĳͺһͻȻһɫӣӾȻɲǼðһٻɫĻ档
ȼ֮ʱ޻ϵʵǣʹӳٶȻҪ졣
Ȼʹ˼ѧ⡮һĿֲʹ߿˲һϵսһս֮ʤܣó
Ǻ³̾ٴ˺޲һɴ˫ϵı̬
δ˺һ̬Ȼܵ磬ȴǰԾ裬Էֹڻ͵ģȫڴʱʱڣʵҲ֮С
ϱ;߱һԼĪ߱ʵǶʮ߱ٱʵȣʮԡ
ʱڡֻԹ£ϵʵѾﵽʵļֵԪȼΪۻ˲
ϸİٱʵ״̬µԶԷϵΪʵֹٱ
ʵϷʵ
ϷЦΪǰʵ൱ڶ˾ŵں֮ȻΪԼʵѾԶԶ
ϲʵǿأٵЩˣ
аȵЦȻͬƣеĹȨɫĹ⡣
¸£
һЦǳ͵ɢƣƺǿ󣬵ʱ㴫һҺ޻Ͼǿѹ޷һȻͬʱѪҺ
ǧйƣҵȸܲס


1085 
³Ѫ޻֮˴ʱ״ΪңΪǳϵй£һ޷ܣǼȥֻ»ᱻѹ屬ը
ãǿ켯һϾ£ѹ֪ϵ
ЦһȻ󽥽Ŀʼƣʱ޻˵Ĵźùһ㡣
˷׷ѡ˵һʱ˫𣬸޻˲һǿƣһ˵ѹٲڶ˵йֱѹȡ
ЩЦ޻ˣԼҲйЩ˾ͬ׵ĸз֮
ʱ˿̣ϷʵѾ㣬εֵϷѹ
ʱʹǡ֪ԼһսȻ䣬ʱ״Ϳǣ⽫ԼһûԻʱ̡
ٶ˵ˣɣб¾ɱ˱£
ЦӼŭ
ಣ
бŭ۳һ磬ڿзವǿֲĿƱ㳯ӿȥ

һУɪɪƺѾѹ¶á
¸£
һЦǽ֮е޻Ҳ¶Ц⣬ɱ
û뵽תΪ磬ŵͦˬģ
΢΢һ̣ȻЦ˵仰ֱЦȻֹ
޻ڳϵıΪ𾪣һų˿ŵO͡Ҫ֪˴ʱȫԱֳ̬һȺޱľ޴ųOͣεǷǳټ
Ϊ޾Ϸѹ
̲סʵɻѡ
ʵѵû˿֪֮𣿰ǿɱôԴ󣬻ôھɰҵأ
Цŷʵ仰ش޻˵һʹ
ԭʵ޻֮Ѿٮٮߣʱʹ£ʵʵȻȻ޷ĶԾռƣ˵ʵǿ
˵ǰ˶ʵȽģĸ֪ʵǷǳֲʵ
ⲻܣ㲻ôǿ󣡡
ŭ͵ɢһɸǿƣڿγһɿ񱩵磬ȻϮȥ
ǹܿ㽫֣Ȼڿзֻƽֺȴǻ綨Ȼ޷ƶ
ɢѾǴʱ֮Ȼ޷崵˷ֺֻĳǷз裬ϵĳҲһĺ졣
㵱û˰С̫ˡ
˵ͬʱֻһΣǹ羹Ȼ漣ʧˣд󺧣ԭĵ⵱ʧӰ١
ϷǿĶ֣һսϷһ߾ȫɱ㣡
ɫ˵ʱһҲСȺ˫дľâ
ܹڣѵøлЩܣҲھݳưԣǸЦҲѡȥǵһ¡
аȵЦ仰ȴû嵽ˡ
ƾʵҲȥҵȵ죬Ϸ㣬ȥҲֻ·һ
Ц
ϧҲ棡ڣˣҪһھݵϣȻó
ȴ˲٣ǵߣʵҲǿ󣬷ԷЩӦû¶֮ɫ
޻צ
ȥΪȼԪʵʱƵģҲһʱ󣬱㽫³
򹷰
ȵһֻצϮʱֵĹȨȺĳԷȥ
ȨȱʥʱȴɰʹãǱŷǰˣֻ»һŭ֮նɱ
䣡
˴ʱĹٶȼ죬ֻһ˲䣬ѾֿΡ
ԭأ򷢳һҺ˺󣬲ŵԼĶ
ĵڶֻצֱٵǾҵʹϮʱܵȴʹĿ־塣
ôô
ʵ֪ʶԷʱ޻Ҳ¶Ȼ̬ΪʹҲĶ֣ǣ޻עȫû
еǹȨȣȻҲԹǿĽȻȡն콣Ҳȥвɺô졣
ûķ֮Ҫɱ
û޻һˣɻĶеĹȨȣŵȨȾȻǿ
Ѫ
֣ʳָڿеһǵڷȻڿһνתű㵯˻ֱʳָ֮仮


1086 
ɢͬʱһνɫѪҺδڱ̵ĹȨ֮ϡ
ǵѪȥ󣬾ȻƾʧǹȨȴûκα仯Ȼԭеɫ
ɫѪҺǴ˵еĺž߱ѪҺɫ
ʧɫĽе޻Ҳ޲ϲӡ
²μˣ
޻˾ȻˢˢĹھԲиһˡ
ֻһˣעٴμڹȨ֮ϣȻѪ޷Ӧ
аˣ
һĬոĿھʳָ΢һһɫѪ߱㳯ǹȨȥ
ɫѪҺӴȨʱ˹Ȩ֮УǹȨ֮ûдκϵһ󷴶Ȥ
һĵѪԭ˵ѪҪôǿҪôܾڷ޷Ӧ
Խǹ飬Ҳž޴ܣһ㣬֪ġ
Իȥˣָ֮еѪǹȨȵɫѪҺ
ٺȥ˺üɫѪҺǹȨȴʯͷһҲЩˡ
ѪҺҲһ֣ķȴǻ޷ӦĹȨȣôأ
Ѫʱ޻ڵأ͵ѪĶ
ڣǹȨմѪ󣬾Ȼһ£һ²пϲ˵Ѫпܷġ
ಣ
ͻȻʧڿУ󣬿ʼϣֻʣһƬɫѧ
ǹȨڿĲţƺЩ˷ܣǽɫѪڿ΢ͣͺ󣬹ȨȾȻಡĳɫѪԶȥ
ѵȨҲʶ
аʱҲƾǹȨѪʱ״̬ƬѪ˲㱻Ȩ˸һβʣ
꣡
кâһٴγһѪתѪҺʱΪ˽Ȩǻ˲Ϊۡ
Ȩȵɫʼ仯ˣɱһ˿âűɫı䣬УҲ˹Ȩȵ̡
ʹǿȨǿֱ÷ͲѪҺԴȨȳ˯״̬
ļѪǹȨպʶŵǹȨȡĳڵϵ
ʱ֮󣬹ȨѾʧȥԭеɫֽͨɫ
ಣ
θֳڿУɫԵЩ԰ףڸղһʧȥ˶Ѫɫ԰׷֮е顣
Ȩȸǰʮֺ֮ǹȨȾֱȥȻڡ
ϲոǿ󷨱
޻˹˵һⲻ֪ȴǷ֪ϵĴ󣬲ֻкž߱ɫѪҺ
΢΢һ£ɫ֮Ҳ¶ŨŨϲɫλ˲ٴۣڵõһǿ

һȣǹȨѾУȨȴʱȥѾȷǿ̫࣬ǰĹȨֻǼƷԽ˼ƷĲΣȥȫڡն콣֮¡
ףȨӦòڽսûв´Զ빥
ǹȨȣʱԺͻȻðٹȨȵĽܣ֮ǹȨȵʹս˵ЩͼԺѸٵӹЩȴǱסˡ
û뵽ȨȵͷǲСȻҲǰʮķȨսݣεôǿ󷨱
ڵ֪Ȩȵвɸ̾ѡ
Ȩ֮акüǿĹ棬㵱磬ȨҲ֮ֻǰ󣬱ܹ֮
֪Щ˵ˣԽ̾ԼˣԼĽɫѪҺԵʣֻҪȨȵԣʵ
䣡
ĻһеĹȨȣȻ˲䱬ǿĽѷɫڡն콣Ȩ롮ն콣ӵͬԣǿʵ
Ȩ氵زٹбһ׹ڡٻļأǡǡҲյĸ߼ٻϹȨʹʱȻǳɱӡ
չȨȵֱȻƽָľǰողŵļʩչȨȵԶ
ȼԪ֮󣬴ʱôʱ䣬ѾԽԽˡ
֪Ǵ˵еĺһֻܹѡ񳼷ʱǰֻڵأǸսԷֻ޻һҲ޷ȥ
Ƴһۣ¶һĨаЦ⣬ȻȨ֮⣡
ǹȨϵΪһҪʩչȨȵֻҪһȨȵĹ
ǹȨȵĶˣһ׶ʱɫĹââֱȥ
ˣҪʲô


1087 
ʵͬʱ̷ˣֻϧٶȴûǹȨȵĹâ졣
ͣ
һ΢͵Ľ̽ţиΪ
ԭǽĵȴʹ÷ɽҪ
аϲйȨ΢΢һһȨ֮⡯Էȥ
ﵱٻâȴȻסǡȨ֮⡯Ľؿٴα̳һѪȴǰһҪϲ١
˼ٺ٣
ҪʶĴλãǡȨ֮⡯㳯ŶԷѸٵĹ
ʱʵ֮ϣʱϹȨȵǽĹȻвԪ֮塣
ͣ͡
ŹȨȣȨ֮⡯岻ϵĵ䣬ٶȱʹáն콣Ҫ죬ӵǿԶ̹㽫Ʒ
𣡡
ؿڲϵıѪʹȫֵʱ½ܿҪ״̬ˡ
֮ǰҲùΪɴ˵еĺڶԼ
ǻǰĻԻͺڣѾԤ֪³ʱѾԽԽˣϧڸղŵĳ嶯ҲԵûκˡ
ʹȨ֮⡯󣬰һʵȻһֲĻΧڲҽУķܼȥ

޻ͬʹɫٴδһǰ磬ŻϨûΪҽ
䣡
ʹȨȣ˲ĽƣЩȻڵأֵ̿ģ
ٿɲ˵ĺǸϴˣ
˵еĹȨһһֲĽӹȨϷһ޻ϵ˲䱻ɱˡ
ǹȨСΧֱֻܹ߹Ժ򹥻űһնһ˵Դ

һԪ֮ڿвţĵ
ಣ
һץ˵Ԫ֮㱻һɴȻ㵽С
ҪԪ֮Ա
Ԫ֮廰˵꣬㱻븹С
ʣ˿ôˣǺ˷ŭֵȻڽ֮ɢݡ
˲սֻʵ̫ǿˣ˾һҲûлʤϣ
Ӱɣ֮ôӣ챾پ͵һ˿ֲˣɱҰްɣ
ֳֹȨȣ̬˵
޻ڳֲľʵǰܹأһҽвϵĴÿϢһϱɱ
һΪ֮ɱ¾˲ɱȫ޻ĸֻ֣Ҫй˱κη֮
ߵ̬һֱ̫ãͼռݵߣˣᶨƵ֮
һ󾪿ֵĺ޻˲ĵĿʼҲæ׷٣ѾɵƵģȻԭɪɪ
Զļһɫâûʹýս׵£޻˸ͻķ
˵ĹеĹȨ򲻶ϵոÿɱһˣ㽫֮Ԫ֮ɡ
ɶ񰡣ϷƴˣԪԱ
Ǻ³ϴʱûޱ壬Ҳһͷɫıʱھ׼ԪԱʣµҲͬʱԪԱ֮⡣
βһ㣬βǰҲԷ鷳ʣ¼˵뷨
ಣ
ԪԱ֮ʱοʼ˲ʧˡ
ҲԪʧ˲䣬Ǻ³ϹϵԪԱ
䡯
һٵıըǿıըֻһ룬ȴ̥еľ
ڴʱһſֲǳɫǺ³ϵԪ֮壬ΧͬҲѾǳɫĻΧ֮С
³ϵԪ֮Ѿը˴󲿷֣ȻȴǱЩʶʱ治Լ̽飬û뵽ԪԱһ㱻ֹˣʵš
ʵҲľ⣬ЩһʵԶֻҲסѾըԪ֮塣
ԪըôǼԿ
˵ʱѾ˵Ԫ֮弯һһǳɫסˡ
Ԫ֮ڻвѣʧȥ˼ɱȤһ˵Ԫ֮ȫ븹УȻԭؿʼɡ
ʮԪ֮壬ȻԵʵǿȴҲ㹻ǿʵˣǰɱ޻˵ԭڡ
֪˶ãڽڵԪ֮ȫϣͬԽɣΪٶҲԽ
ڽЩ˵ԪϺĵɷҲɹٶھѾƴٶˣǿɹĺô


1088 
ڴЩԪ֮Ѱҵ˲ٹڵϢЩ޻߲½ϵߣǵΧиǿĺߣЩȴɵִ½ΪܱҲĺǿ߸Ƕ಻ʤ
ЩϢôҲޣΪЩһǰݵģЩԪ֮ڱǰԪ֮Ҫ˸ӽƣһЩ㱻ȫĨȥ
˶޻Ԫ֮嵱УռļҲֻǶ϶ģĻҪԼȥ˼ƶϡ
΢΢һЦ޻Ƿֱ߳еĹȨѾ֮Уǿʱǿʱʹá
ΧһʱѾָµΪʮΧķʱطŨ
޻ȻŰճŵĹ涨Ѿ΢΢¡
Ӵ֮л߳ʱʮ޻ĿɿڴΪʶǴӳ֮߳ġ
˭
һȻʵ
˭ҪҪȡģ
˵ʱҲȷ޻ɵɵģȻ顣
󵨣
˸պȳһѾߵԼǰһֻ־ȻԼĸ֮С
ţ
ֱȡԪ֮壬Ȼǰ˫ջ裬ЩߵԪ֮׷ױС
ɷ뱾£ǿĽܹóЩ޻ע޷ѡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮʵڳϵĿĵˣԪ֮ѾС
ǰУ֮߳޻Ӹ࣬ɱ¾֮ҲᶨһǿĽʩչȻǷɱԪ֮壬޻ڿֻз׷ʧȥԪ֮塣
һ֮ŵĿгŨŨѪζԼĪʮ֮ڵ޻߱ƾһ֮ɱ¾ϣƽ⿪ŨѪζƮɢȥǧ֮⣬ֻܹ˵˷ɱ¾̫ˡ
ʣһĨѪΧƲ㱻ȾһѪɫ£ѪɫߴŲִء
ţ˵ʬ徲ɽҰ֮Уƫ̵ѪҺ޴ڣ۳ѪڽƱ⿪˲䣬͵Ѫͬɽһ㳯ɽµĵʹӿȥ
ɱ֮أɢɱȴûմȾѪҺŲԶɽͷ˾ǰ
ಣ
һѾ˵Ϳ֮УǿʯһѪҺ˲ߡ
кͺӥļЩͺӥֻҷ˷֮ܵȴûһֻҿ
ѡգΪѾӿ޻ѪҺ
һֳֹȨȣȻɢǿɱ⣬պε˲ƶȥ
Сģ
һϾҲԸоëȻΪ޻Щ˿ɲߣвǿĸ֣ʱƺһҲûܹӶԷѡ
γ˰֮ʱеɱ޲ľս
ǰΪ
һڵĳӲͷƤʵ
ɱɱɱɱ
ֻ⼸֣ȴԵЩ룬˫ֺڿд־˼Ҫˣڲô͵Ľơ
ǰֽǰҪ嶯򣬺ء
ϿЦԶԶĴ
ɱ
ĺȵеĹȨɢһɫĹââ֮ٳϮȥ
оĪʱչ˲֮ǽâٶʵ̫죬ϻûü㱻âС
ɫ£Խ׼ɲǼ䣬ϵͷ­㱻նϣҲûü仯
ֵǰһץȻƾ֮Զ˵ĿɿڴУֻ־ȻϵԪ֮˲ץס
ƶǶԪַⷽ˲˶Ԫ֮ᡣ
Ԫ֮巢ֵĺʱſһԪ֮Ѿ븹С
ȥͨţڳϣ
˾
˭Ҳȥ
΢΢йһֲĲҽǰ߷׷ױѹԪԱ
ֻһɲǵĹ˷׷ױǹɿֲѹˤ档
˴ӿˤĳ׳ۣⲻɢƶѣʹȫ˱ɱҲֻʱ⡣
ʫȻڽԪɣԣҲһʱɵԪ֮壬˿ҪķѼ죬ʮʱ䡣
ʱʫһȴʱɢĵâʫɢɫâУҲһֱɫâ
ʫǲֻ֪Ϊ׺ҲƾգգܹҲʮޡ


1089 
ϵɫâƵԽˣʫľ֮УǵܺԶ˳ȥȻڿš
ಣ
͵ȥһǿϺȻ׺塣
ʱ˿̣ʫɵĹؼʱ̣ҷæ£רĽɡ
׺ʫġ£Ȼǰӳ˯׺ָһº˫
ҾȻˣ
׺аֻϢʱ㿴ʫĹؼʱ̡
ǣ׺ƶһ䣬ʱƤͬʱٵ
ã֮ףԤʾΧпֲɱ¾Ϊ
׺аϥ˫Ĵָ־Χһ׺ǰ
ɱ˶飬ǲѾˣ
׺뵽һʫ΢΢һЦȻʫĹ֡
׺ʹ󣬽ƾճһСݣ֮׺αС֮Уú׺Ѿֲõǿơ
׺˲䣬ǡȻУɢű֮һֳֹȨȣɱˣʱ׺͵ıһס֣
ͬʱ׺ȥʱв˵ųOͣΪ׺Ů·һ㣬ͶŹ˵ķɡ
δţеĹȨȻðɫâһ㹥ȥ
ಣ
׺˲ƣȴһӴѹӭε޷ƶȻǹѹͨһ档
Уһ˴ʱѾΪ׵ĸһѹ޷
䣡
һ˱˲ɱԪ֮Ҳɻãſڱ塣
׺ʲôƵģ΢΢ţڷŭ״̬£ʵҲڷǿ
һΣ׺ʧȥ֮󣬱˲䱬ǿʵȴֹڵʵ
ʱֹͣɱ¾˫׺һϤĸо΢΢ţ׺˲ڵΪҲע
֮УǿʵһҲڣǸѾɱˡ
ڣ׺ʵڣ̱֮ʵǿһע
׺ѵҲɱ𣿡
׺Ц˵Ϊ̧ұۣɫĹȨԼ
׺׺Ϥ
߶׼õĹȴٳٲƺ˼ʲô
׺ʱЩ߻ħˣֻرأʱͲûԥˡ
һ°ɣɱ˶飬ǧɱ¾֮ɱ˫ۣѰɣЩ޹ġ
׺ȵǾٴ¶˵ϢƺȴԺ˽ս֪Ǹֹͣɱ¾Ǹüɱ¾
Уһֹ
׺֪ԼڷŭУΣ£ᱬʵֻһʧȥΨһķ󣬱ȴѾơ
ȥ
еĹȨĲһ£ڻһһâǰȥ
ҲܹҪֹ
׺ϧǿ񱩵£Ȼ޷ƶ
䣡
һҽдȨȷĽâٴʵʩɱɱԪ֮Ҳȥ

ſһǵԪ֮УȻ¶̵Ц⣬˫бɱ˼Ҫˡ
ղžȻûɱң
׺˵Щ߻ħ˻ܹסɱ⣬ڸղŵͷҲı仯һŽ𵤺ڣȻԶ׺ԺС
׺֪𵤣Ҫﵽһ󷽳ɳΪ
׺оԼεǿһΣǿŽ𵤷ǼϢʱֱӻΪһ
ಣ
׺ĵһݳΣעɱ׺ʱ׺ȴȻӡ
һ׺ı֮УȻ󣬵ڶҲڳ͡
γɺ׺ʵҲ
ڷҵı徹ȻڳߵķչֻԺʵ̶ʱ
׺аţȻںʵȻǰǿ󣬴ﵽʵһֵ
Ҫɱ¾ˣһ㡣
׺Ȼ˵徹ȻգѹҲ˿޾塣
ʱڷɱ¾֮ģȻȫѵ״̬Ц˭Ҳң
Ȩ֮⡣
ֳֹȨȣ׺˹
繥Ƭ̣׺Ҳ޷ѱ˲ɱˡ׺ǿһѾһս


1090 
׺ĵһɷǿԼĪʮʵ츳Ҳ·硣
ʱʹɷ׺ֻ˫ʵŲСĲ࣬ѾһĲ࣬׺һսʵ
׺кһ״СɵķɽԷɽǰ
ۣ
Ȩ֮⡯׺еķɽ׺޷Ƶıɳȥ
һδ֣ܵһ˿Ĺâಡһˡն콣ʱһȨȣһַɽϵĽսҲͬʱ֡
һɫս˫ֳ׺еɱ¾֮ıӴѹԶ׺
ʱƣ׺ǵֵס׺ʱʵҲﵽһֵںϱ֮󣬾ʵҲһ
һӳ
׺ӳһ̫ѡ
ǼӳĹâ׺֮ʱ׺Ѿ׺ĸռʲôơ
ͣ
˹Ȩȣеķɽð͵Ļ𻨣Ȼʹǿǳɫڷɽ֮ϡ
׺κ˳ɾ룬оȻʼǹ϶
ǰʶ׺ʱڲѵ״̬ҲܵΣյĴڣһзɽѾ׺һ
ಣ
׺еķɽڹһͬʱξǼˣеһҲûжϡ
ʱŶսܵԤ֪֪ҲܹöԷɣ򣬸
ಣ
˲ˣһν״̬˲ơ
׺ȴĸ֪˲Σеȡһ·ƵֽȻ֮ǰ

ո˲ʱʧȥ׺ټβòԿ˲ƶ֣ʱΪɱ¾裬ʶҲ
ףڸʲô
а֮еĺâѾɢϵıϢҲɢࡣ
׺ƾʧˣȻڿʱһɹϢڸ߿֮С
˭ٳ
ȵڸղŵѾòˣֻǵԼ޻һֱɱ¾ȥɱһˣ֮ѾĲˡ
׺ղͨʹٿһΣ֮ʣ׺ڳ֮⡣
æʹѪȻ޷׺ʱɢӴѹд󾪣֪׺ôͻȻǿˡ
׺㲻ڳ˯ôͻȻˣ
˵ڿ΢΢ţΪ׺ɢѹʵ̫ˡ
֪ɱ˶Ҽʱѣ⼸Ҳɱ¾һա
׺ŮһڿУǾͶҲɿЩסˡ
ಣ
׺˲ˣȴûܹ̽˲ƹ켣еˣû뵽׺ķ󣬱ΪȻﵽֲֿľ硣
ųһΪж˵ڴʱŲйԶˡ
ͬʱˣܵԶеĶˣΪʩչĽ֮УҪȴǸʵ顣
ʶ̽׺Σֻȴ԰쵽
εɱ¾ʹΪҸû𣿡
׺ιĳʮ֮ڣҲо׺ŨŨɱ
һ֪׺ʱʵԼѾ˾Եƣѹǿ
׺ұɱˣֻɱѣѵΪ㽫ʹȣȻɱ𣿡
ķʵѾʱ׼仯屾壬򣬸Ͳ׺Ķ֡
׺޻ڸ֮ģиŭʵ˴ѪɺӣʮɱЩԪûܹɱ¾һɱ¾ʮ飬ѵʹΪκβͬ𣿡
֮ˣҴʱһɱʮˣپǸԸ𣿡
ʵ
ǰ߻ħµɱ¾ԸǰǸ⣬ǰ𽫴·ϣ
һ˶Ȼ˵űͬ˵Щ˵Ȼĳǿ߼ƽϡ
ãûԸҵĵǸɱԲɱ
΢΢һЦʱû׺һսΪʱʵ̫ǿˣ仯屾壬Ҳûбʤġ
׺ľҲһֱڸı䣬ʱҲ߻ħʱµɱ¾⵹Ҳпԭ顣
ɱ¾ȻԸܣұ㲻ƽϡһʬ壬ʬδ㾹Ȼɱһգȥ˵Ǹ
֪׺ĵʱ˵̬Դǣ϶ڼ֮С
֪Эνһʱƽ˾һգ


1091 
ãƽһ飬ɱЩˣԻһ
ɫص˵鵹ʮֿУ׺еŭƽϢ˲١
׺ȻԼ¶飬̾ҲգȻҽշɱ¾޿⣡ôҼȥк˼ã׺ңԪԱֺξ֮У
ݵʱڣԿƵģʽ׺ͬ飬Ҳ취ƽ飬򣬼ŭʵֲԼްô
׺ͲŴOͣǰһĻһ˫ӽ飬ȴûпѵκκۼ
ĵǣҽ߻ħɱ¾֮λԭ£
˫ֱȭķ˻æĻ
磬һʵΪǿɱߣⱾ쾭֮£׺ȴһ࣬һҼеŮӡ
ЭһΪ֪׺ⲢԼԼ飬ȻΪ׺ʱʵֲʵʹ屾Ҳû˿գ֪׺ʲô̬
ǰˣǰܹʱֹͣɱ¾ʵ֮
ӹĻȴڡ
ûжʵڵ˿ͽնɱΡ
λǳ˼ţȫɱˣ
˵仰ȴӴľһŵɸּȫû
׺Ҳ¶Ȼ֮ɫû뵽ôݣȻ֮һȫ¾һա
˵ʱʱע׺飬ʱɰԽ㣬ԭ׺Ҳܵģ֪ϱԼɱ顣
ƿԣû˸ڴʱվ𣬶ǳڲš
ɱϣ¿ûô򵥣һǸĻͿԽɣ
׺Ȼ䣬ǿѹȴȸղҪС˺ܶࡣ
λѣǵأǴӴԺΪУһЦ𣿡
ʵͬ㻷ˡ
ʵǿĵ໥εĶӣȻһıȭǰɣ׷޼֮٣ҵȲǰΪУǰҲһ棬ҵȥ
ã¾ôˣҪΪңֻˣԺͲٷɱ¾Ϊˡ
һնԼֱۣһɫѪֱѾնС
ʲô
׺ɱֹֻɱ¾Ȼٲ´ɱ䣡˭֪Ȼһ֮ģ⵹׺вζ
ʥԻ֮Ҳƣҳʵǿ󣬼ȻҪҾ㿴ҲЩСӿǰģ磬⿪ƣ뿪˵أ
ʮ˵׺鲻Խĵͷ
лǰȫлǰɱ֮
˵˳嶯𣬲ΪĴΪأʱҲѰ
һѾ֮⣬⿪µĽƺʵٵ½
׺ԥһȻǿЦ߶Žӳʵָڡ
Ѿ޽ӽˣǰû˶ȴŹͬˡ
׺ʵѹڶɽٳڣĳԶ˲ƱӣзбӣҲж汼ӵġ
ǰ룬ʱκεɱ¾֮⣬ֻΪЩ˵ʵ̫㽫֮ȫɣٶȿ졣
ߺ󣬷Բĸɷ׷׷ԭеĵ̣һַıӼƻΧˡ
ãҪԭܣǵðתʫ˵죬Ѿһ𣬶Բǣ
͸ŨŨıü΢ı׺кһʹʮΪʹġ
ˣⲻһõĽڣҪǣͱƣҲζȽ׺ѹ
׺ʵָʱа˲ɱʱΪĿƣһҲʹƿ֮С
׺һ⡣
׺ʵ
˵
׺еķŭѾƽϢ˺ܶ࣬΢΢ЩʹĸоƾĶۣʱ䣬ֻȴ˵ڡ
ҴˣʵҾԼûʲôȣɱкβɣʮӣɱ֮ΣȻг𣬲ɱңɱǣкδ
ն˵۾ֱ׺
׺һᣬ˼Ļȴ벻Էĵط
ɱҲɣȻɣ㲻ɱҲֻʮӡ


1092 
ã֮£϶ûɽĽʮ֮ˣʱȫ⣬νͣ˵޻֮㣬Ҳûɽţ
׺Ĺؼ޻Уʱֻ֪ԼˣһԣһҪɱ
޻ߣԲҾ֮ˣߣ֪ǵĿưԾݣǵľݵ㣡޻ǱʷĪ˵꣬һǧ꣬ǲɱߣٲ°֮ڣ޻ŵԳΪ󳬼֮׵ԭڣ
Ҿ֮ˣͼưԾݣ˵壬֮ζԵԼġСھݣгɣԵһػݵĸεĳʣǺɵɱ¾𣿡
ʱϣԴǵһһ˵׺ɫȣ㽫޻ĶһһԪ䣬֮һĻĻѪȵĳĳֳ
׺Ŀ࣬Ľ֮£ŭЩ޻ʵɶ񣡸õɱ֮ɱĺãҴˣԲ𣡡
û£Ǹұ͵ģȴΪԼɱ޻֮дġôҲɱ¾Ȼ޷ҵΪҽǰϣı䣬֪һﾺǿ߾һУ˳Ӧ飬֮ı磡
˵ɫˣеķɽѾԥڲ䣬ķɽѾƤ֮ϡ
ǸʲôҪ嶯ҲҪֻǲɱ¾·ɽ
׺˵û뵽ʱѡ˾ƺΪԼԵʡ
׺ˣ𣿡
׺żģҲЩ̣Щ˵
ᣬǧɵ£ҵϢأˣˣҲ
׺һЦЦ顣
ǰɣװףˣ㲻ôѳ֮أ
ɾ̾
ˣʹģ
׺ɬЦû뵽Լֹɱ֮ˣʱȴȰ˵Ҫɱ
ʵҲ룬ǣֽοԵõƽϢⱲ޷ǼһҾϣǽҳǡʵһ᲻һˣǾ㣬׺
һû׺ʵǿĵŮӣΪԼŮˣһıġ
ң˵Ҿ鷳ҿΨֶһΪλ˵᲻ңԲԣ
׺ȴһ˿΢ı仯ָо׺Щ̡
ǽҪˣҽ͹ĵ׵Ļ˵ɣԴҵһμ㣬ҾͶһ飬Ϊֹҿɽ֮ʱҾ룺ҵŮһΪΨһˣһλԺ֪жôļҼĿҪˣһ֪
㾭鷳ȴΪıˣ㣡ΪˣҲŰٰںޣԸҲԸܣ
һϯҲ¶ֻ΢һ㡣
׺ЩˣȻԵ޴룬˫շ֮ɫӵģҲɼĲ
㲻Ҫ˵ˣҲ
׺˵ʱﻹаֵķ緶ӵŤͷȥٿһۡ
׺ˣһһھԹԾͷҵ뷨̫ˡ
а룬ǳ̾һ˵׺͵˵ĶǼٻѾ˵ڣǧźҲûлȥںˡȻҪɱңұ㿴
꣡
ɽһɫĻߣѪҺѾɲ仺ͷ­Ȼڲ֮ϡ

׺ѸٵĻͷĿкһ־ҵʹ·һǴԼС
һ޺ۣкۣ
پ׵һɱ׺Σû뵽ɱԼ
ߣն׼ζɱ˿⡣
ŲԼݿƣһһɱʵֻǽԶ幦õ޵һ֡
ɽնµһ˲䣬ʵѾ˾ֲԶ壬ĽɫѪҺҲԱ仯֮ɵġ
һ׺ͷ˲ɣ׺ص£һ쳣ǰһʾ׺ŲɣΪɱԼ塣
㣬ΪʲôҪΪʲôû˵ҪһΪʲôҪ˳嶯
׺¶֮ɫʹ˵
οԭңֻҪԭңʲôأ
Ԫ֮˵ͬʱһΪϾЦ⣬Ȼ󻺻ĹС


1093 
Ҫ
׺ȥǿͷȴһֱ۾ȻĳԼͷ­ӳһ
ϷҪ棬һپף˲ͷ­׺ڿоҵĲ
ಣ
һŽâɳǡն콣Ű棬ǹȨҲɢ档
屻٣ȻҲ޷棬Ƿ׷ɢ֮ʱ׺Ѿȫ϶׻Լ塣
׺һ£ûн⿪ʫʫ֮صĽƣҪ鷳ˣ
ƽѾ͸ⷬ׺ҪˣŭҲҪȻûȥҪǸһԪ֮壬ҾԲӦ⿪ʫĽơ
Ǻο࣡ɱ¾ˣ뷨ʲôɣأɱңΥıģΪ㣬Σ
˵仰󣬾ԼҲ̫һЩϷҲܹݵ̫ˣ򣬵ǲճ
׺ҪˣίıҲһۣʱ׺սţü壬֮֮ɫ
߰ɣȥѰһ֮أȻٿԪԱԪԱֻ»ڶ޹ᣬǱ⣡
˵Ԫ֮׼ԶУʱ׺һ˵ľ

׺ˮɽѾڲ䣬Ǿд󾪡
Ҫʲô
ʵԪ֮˻Ҳû뵽׺Ὣɽڲ䣬ʵǳ֮ˡ
ಣ
׺֮жݳ˲䣬׺Ȼʩչ뱾Ȼֻӳһââֻڿһ˲䣬Ȼ㳯Ԫֶ֮ȥ
ĪҪԪԱ
аԲ²ʱȴ׺Ѿ߶ɸоЩ죬Լοαװɱ׺ʲô
꣬׺ֹͣ䣬Ͼ¶һ˿Ц⣬Цֻһ˲䣬Ȼʧˡ
׺ķɽڴʱҲӲƿ׺ʱ˵ѾʹԪ䣬ϵһҪʩչԪԱҲͬʱ𡣼Ȼ˵һ飬ܣͺúÿǺɣҪұһ
Ҳȥģĺκ壡ˣһǻŰɣֻҪ㲻ҵҾͼţô
ڵȵ˻ᣬѰҵ˲ĳɡ
ţҾͻţҲȰ㣬Լþ
׺˵ЩⲻȥΪղʩչâͲǡԪ䡯ֻһȥĽڡ
ʱȻӵ壬Ȼµ׺ղν۷
αװ屻ɱʱ䳤ˣӵڶ׺ǰס
ðɣԭҲӦһұȥ
˵仰ʱ׼̽׺
Σдȣ㲢ûдҪҴӦʲôֱ˵ɣ
׺оԼڷǳУȻҪЮԼһ
ҪҼȥӦҵŮˣǷԸ⣿
֣ص˵
ԣ׺аδشȴεĿЦ˵δ̫ˣֻǲŮˣѾʫαػҪǷ֮롣
Ǻǣ
ܾˣЦЩΣż˵ҪֻǺ㿪ЦѡʫʫѾ֪ˡ
ǾͺãȰΪ֮Ѿ𣬲֪кδ㣬Ǳչ壬Ҫѡأ
׺ɫƽ˵ϵ糺ҲʧˣЩơ
飬ǲҪˣԻָ壬ֻʧһΪѣ
˵󣬵ʩչٻ֮ⲻǸʽѣΪֻ壬Ǳɱ
ɫѪڿתţٻ£ǽɫѪڿγ˻Ч׺ҲĴˣ̾츳ʵ̫ǿˣȻ˶̵ʱ塣
׺һΪĴڴʱҲδ˿Ļɣֻǳǿ󣬶ûлղαװɱ
ʮϢʱ䣬³ڿУķҲڴʱ֮УΪǵĵЦ⾹׺вΪ֮һ
Ů˿γɾ޵Ч˭˵ֻŮ˵רأʱӢϵаЦ⣬˲Ҳǿ׺ҲĿתĶ
ôͻȻأѵΪֹ߻ħ˵Ҵʱøл֮
Ѿָԭеֹ׺ı仯ʵ̫ˣڲǰҪҪģھȫָˡ


1094 
ԺȰ㣡ϣк֮£Ҫɱ¾ȥԼɣҲһЩҵ뷨̫ˡŲϢƽǸ޷ˡ
׺̾һ龹ȻĪ˸֮С
һ£һǣ
׺ʹϻֻۣлԸϣܹЩǵƾԼһŤת־أ
ĵķǳҲò㣡Ըȴʵ֣ܿܿûҲ֪ǷһֱǴɽȳɳҲ֪ǻԴںδЩĺ˵ЩҲܲпᣬ֪ǷýȥǷܣ
Ҳ̾һ峯׺Ʈȥֱ֮ڣֹͣǰС
˵ɣЩ󣬵
׺Ҳ֪Ҳڶ̶ʱʵĹ׺ǰʹ֪̽ıԡ
棬˼棬Ϊ棡һж棡𣿡
Цһ뷨ĸı׺ԭ˼άģʽг׵ϴԡ
ɣԾ˵˵𣿡
׺ÿɷЦЦЩãŵǡ
йɣǧǧҲзչĹɣΥ£ѾԤϣڵԸӴֻһΣһΣȴԲʵ֮֡ԳΪΪ˸ָսֻҪ֮һ嫵磬磬һСҪɲ⣬ˮ֣صӪȵȣЩСɳΪǰ㲻ϰɣ
Եͳ˵˸Ĺâʱ˿չֵʾ׺аԾ̾
û˵еһСҪɳΪȷʵҪ⣬ˮ֣˵ɣҺ㵽кθ߼
׺ЩΪУûܹԼ̽Щʱ֣̽ȻС
Ϥ׺ȱٵĶҲģΪȱٶԵ˽⣬ԲŻεо
ղ˵⣬ˮֻ֣һСҪɳΪҪٷ紵ɹҪв磬СδɳɲĹУҲһֻʳݶὫ֮ʳãһС޷ɳΪˣңɳΪҲһԻһȺҲԽ֮
һСˣֲγͬЩնأԣĳɳգ
׺ͷ¶ϲ֮ɫƺʱҲ˲ͬɡ
е˵ȥ
׺ЩȲ֪ģ֪ε֪
׺ĻУʵϾͬһŴİֽԼʱҪ˼άеôѡ
Ϊķһ򲽣Ҳ޷Ӹϸı׺Ե˵αķ
ֲˣǴӵɳٸָΣգߵ֮;󲿷ֶҪķѶſα壬ҪﵽڼΪж߿ĹУ⣬ûĶڣ
ûûĻ£߱ʧȥԭûߵ½û£ҲͲܹ֮Ϊߣܵߵ
κ壬ھ״̬УϣԴ֡ղ˵ʧȥĶôħ߻߱Խ߸Ͼɱ
ﾺ棡¼չĹɣ޷ı䣬㽫ȫȻڡ
˵˲٣׺һʱ޷Ǳͣ
׺һĵмϵ֮ɫѾ˼ȡ
˼ʱ׺ǾרעĲݡ
ǰֻܹ˵Ƕ׺ЩøУЩĸоĽǶ㲻׺ᣬǴĿɰ

а̾΢΢׺ƶһ㣬ֻ֮֮ң
׺Ȼڳ˼ΪĻһ˼άģʽ֮С
ã׺תͷ֮ʱҲһŷԼ˽ľ롣
˼˵չĹɣǱزٵģɱ¾ҲɳĹ֮һĹ۵㣬úڣ
׺˼֮󣬷ʵ
΢΢һЦ׺Լоѧܹϵͳľſ˵˵Ĺ۵㣬׺ʱȴܹԼ˼˵ʮ㡣


1095 
ԣɱ¾ɳĹ֮һԴھϵձϵģʹĳɳʣһΪʲôҪгϣеӣηֳģҿ˵ĽҲǾĽ޾Ǿûߵ
˵ãʵÿ˵Сܿܿ˼룬ԸΪλñԸʽڡ磬ĸӹϵ¹ϵбãȻҲаڣҲ˶죡˵һ澵ӣЦЦ΢Цѵһõ𣿡
͵ĺϸⷬ׺ķڷͬʱҲڼıš
׺Ͷ޻УӢò츳ȵȣЩе׺
Ȼ޷׺ģΪͬΪı漰Ů֮£ͬôճΪ¡
˵׺ŷֶ˲ǡͬĺøҲڴʱ˺ܶࡣ
׺ޣаϲȻռƻ׺ϴԣʼһֱڽ֮׺Ҳڶ۵㣬һ߽һ׺̽֡
˲ڸɽۣ֮һͬ̽ܿܿ⣬ȻԽԽͶʱЦһĪҲڶļӣӵĺܿ죬ȴҲͬʱԼļ¶
׻˵Ͷ֮࣬⻰Ҫ̸Ͷˣپ䶼١
׺̸ʱڶ˵Ĳ֪йţ˴ĵĵĵθ򣬽ȥһʱ¼׺Լٶľ
ΪԭεķḻȻ渵һʱѸٵˣŲССһͷ
µͬʱͬûǱĬĸı׺˼άģʽһ̸ʱ䣬ΧһС
һɸõζӿƮ׺΢΢üע⵽ǽеʬѾʼˣһŵϢ
Ǿ̸ɣʲôԺҲл̸
ЦһӣһϽ㳯Ǹʬϯȥһȼʬ壬ǿеζҲĿʼɢ
׺ͷƺδŵĶǵЦ⣬б޷˵ĳݡ
޻˵ʬ壬ҲҪˣԵȣȥһ¡
׺˵Ȼ⿪ƣ׼ȥ
Һһȥ
׺˫ڿпٵ趯һɫ㽫ЩʬĻҽ֣Ȼ㻯ΪһƬɫֲ
˳˽ƺȴ޻˵ʬ󲿷ѾɽҰ֮ڣҲвٵͼߣʱ˺ҧ޻ߵ֫塣
Ƴ׺һۣΨ᲻Ŀ˲пһĻο׺΢΢һЦЦɡ
˲пʳʬΪΪηЦ
ʵ
Ϊ㣡Ϊʲôйɣʲôﾺ棡ֺ̽ҶѾµ֪ˣȻЩѾˣͬһ֡Щʳǵʬ壬ҲһǵĽǶһϲ£
׺˵ȴ¶ĵЦ⡣
ܹ˼⣬仯ʵ̫ˣһе㲻Ӧأ
Ц˵
ģͻӦˣĺܸм㣬ں̸֮ҵͻȻ࣬ôˣҸоԼ֣ܿ
׺Цĸֻûӭˡ
ϴԺܳɹû뵽ת֮죡
а룬Ȼɢǿƣֻһ˲Ѿʧ
׺ִ˴ʱѾо󲿷ֵ߻߶ﱻˣʱһ£ȫʳʬ߶ɱ
ʵΪʵǿ߾˵Ҳǹ֮һƴΪʲô
˵ͷųֲĻǽǽѸٵĽɽҰʬ廯Ϊҽ
磬ȷʵǹɣǺαܣܽˣ
⺮Ĺ˵
磬㾹Ȼ磬⡭
Щŵ˵
ôֻǽ磬ҾͲ𣿡
׺С죬̬Щˡ
ǿҵŮˣȻýˣ㣬ҵŮ˰лģ
ⶺŪ
ʲôʲôҪһ˽磬ѵҲŮˣ
׺ཱུĸˡ
о٣޲һѽ׺סȻٺݺݵССӣпܣ뽫ѹ¡
׺δشȴ۷ԼųO̬ͣȻִ״̬
꣡
׺ӣС΢΢ſһöЦ£˸
ۣ
̾һع׺ЦʱǾȻ˶׾ССѣаЦپԼ̫а񣬾Ȼڷôɰ׺


1096 
磬㷢ӺɵľͷһЦˣ
׺ƺлص˵Ǹɽ֮ǵ״̬ˢͬʱСסͣ˫Цгһߡ
ߣҳЦңŲ
װݺݵģ˵׺Цŷˡ
ಣ
һ˲Ʊ㵲׺ǰ˵ͬʱƶвײ˸
ˣͶأ
׺߾˫֣һǴͦո״̬֮УٴνųOͣȴԥˣ˼Կɰ׺֡
ľͷˣľͷˣ
׺ЦˣЦرģԴ߳ɽȺ󣬾ʹû㿪ˡ
ԥһ˲䣬һֳֻ׺ĸ첲ץȥ
׺͵ЦܣŴаЦ΢΢һԭͷȡˣ˫ֻǰ׺Ц΢Ц
ľͷˣˣ찡ľͷ˻죬ʶˣ
׺ŵЦţЦ㵸ȴЩȫû뵽ʱ˿̾ȻԼǰʵЩ˼顣
㻹һƻˣҪȥҲһƲסΪ飡
ĺһڿƽ
ʲôŻΪ飬Ҳᣡ
׺ǳ۽ëգţҲδ뵽ʱѾڷǳ嶯״̬ˡ
ˣͶˣҿɲ뷸·У
˫֣ǺЦ
׺ˡ֣ЦˣǺ߳һȻԷǳĻ˵磬Ȱ㱾һ㣬ҪҶ˼һ㣡ߣ

ҡͷû뵽׺˵Ļôݣ뵽׺ǿֲʵɷǿ뷨ǿԼСܵðա
ʵҪ롮׺ºԤ⡣
˵صЩŨˣҲˣȥʫʫˣԸе嶯Ҫŵ㣬ô
˵
磬ҵԸҲܳ嶯ôҪأҲŲأҾң˭ڣЩʬհɣζˣ
׺ļҲ˻⣬ȻĻϹ
ˣһԵʫʫڣǾٲͣҲֲʲôɣ
гõķ뵽ȻרעĿƻ棬Բʬȫգ׺ͬʱʹЩʬպΪһƬɫĲݵء
ڿм粢磬ͬʱʹƬ̣ΧˣûʬĸζоȻйʵֲϢ
Ժȥǣһ㷵أ
׺ͷһѾʫڵĽ֮С
磡ڻˣ
ֹͣϲ˵ʫͬ۾ŵЦ⡣
Ҹо㣬֪Ѿˣұ
Цſ˫ۣʫ΢΢һЦѾУҲֻ΢ԥһ˲䣬ͬĻУֻȴ
ղű׺еһòоԼ徹ʱŮǷ뷨
һ
ЩЦǶŮͬʱһ¡
磬Ҫʲôôôʵ
ʫһֻץס֣Щӵ˵ϾҲԱߣʫЩߵġ
ʫҲںߣߵĵͷʫͬǣĹϵ˵൱ף˷飬ֹܵĽӴҲӵ
ʱ˫ͬʱϮŮزҪг˫糺죬ȴû赲Ĵ֣Щ԰ΣΪŮı׺òҪ
ٺ٣ǰҪôҪ˵ǣ
ٺЦȴԥˣΪʱӵҪһԣԼҪʫôҲ̫á
ᣡ
һȭؿڡ
ף׺Ȼڴʱ͵һǵһ㣡
ܵ׺͵˫ͬʱأȻɫʵλŮ֪ɺΪΣ
˵ĵû뵽ķʽٶȱ֮࣡ĵҵʵҲ˺ܶ࣬ʱǿĵˣҲһ֮
첲زڲ䴥ֱۣϵıżɫ
磬ҵĵɷδ޳ɣ֮ò˶ãҲɹġ
ʫЩΣΪԼ磬ʵһξ롣
ܺãȻǶѾϣǾʹ뿪˵ذɣ
֪ʫɵԪҪɵ٣Ϊչ֮Ҳ֮С
ʫͷ֮ʱһδӿ֣һЦ׺
ˣ
ʫ΢Ц˵ϵԭЦȴЩˣֻ׺һۡ


1097 
㣬ζл㣡ġһó˯ܾòſѡ
׺ֵл
ÿҽĳ˯ĵܴߵģҪлøлĻ硣
ʫ˵仰һȻѡ˳Ĭ
׺˳ȥ׺ƺͬˣвɰԾȡ
磬ллˣ
׺΢΢Цʩƺȴʫȵͬʱһۡ
˿
˵仰ŷֶӵĿⶢԼвɿһæЦ⡣
˵ĳƺ仯Ѿʫע⣬ʱ׺ĵ⡣
׺ʱ׺ҲʾоȻƵĹâ
ߣ
дŭĵĺһа̾׺֪ȻԼ
ߣ
׺ͬһεû˿á
ң
ſĸ첲ۺɱ⣬Ҫɽս
嶯
ʫæȰ
ߣǿڽķϣҵҪúýѵһ١
Ȼ˵
ʱЩ岻ϻԶ˵ĳͻԤϣȴû뵽һ㿪ʼâ﹥
߸ϵңΪ㲻ɣǿϣŲƽϣɱ㣬Ҳø³
׺һʫЩȰסˣԸܵ׺ƣﻹܹܵס
㣬һɱ
˵Щεʫ
ʫֻ˵ˣȴûдӦҪɱ׺ʱҡҡͷȰα˶ŭҲȶ̬ȲãֻǷѣǸһӣúõദ𣿡
У
׺ͬʱ˵һεɱڿš
㲻˵ҪıΪҪˡ
Цŵǰ
磬Һ飬ϣܣ
ܾȰ棬ಡһ˷ɽ
׺ΪλҪӦأ
׺Ȱ˵
磬һζųı֣Ҳǹɵһ֡Ȼе⣬Ҿӭս
׺˵ĻŭȰס׺
ʱѾͬʱϿУԼɽɱΧš
磬ֹǣܹɱҪǺñɱˣһһӸе벻ġ
ʫɬЦΪʵ޷ֹŭе
ҡҡͷĵΪһȡʤǿδأ׺һŭˣڵʵҶ֮ΪУ
Ѿʼʹȵ׺Ҳ⵹һֵ顣
Ѿĵϱ츳Ȼη׺
׺츳ǿ󣬻ʹӳֻη֮ս
ٵ˼Ž취һսȫֻʤ߻׺
ǰܸ׺ֻ´ӴԺγϵӰ֮ĵҲΪսܶʧֻ»ԽԽҡ
֪˵սԼĹϵΪԼôԴ׷أ
˵սһѾʼǣȴǺжһ仰Ҳû˵ֻɫ
ʱĵıɫãеսҲܵӰ죬ںݻѾųʱȰ⣬Ҳֹͣս
׺Ҳ뷨֪ΪΣǰԲ׵Ľսڴ˿̣׺ⳡսϣԵ
ʫʫÿ͸һսĻᣡ
ϵ˵ȻŽʫ˿
δ仯壬ԷֻʹҲͬʹ
˫ƳŶԷѹʱд󾪣ԭ׺ƾȻǿ
ʫʫߣ
΢΢һЦ
ǵսûأȥ
ʫ
ˣ߰ɣôҶˣ
˵󣬱ƿƷգʫԥһ˲䣬Ҳķȥ
ʱδͷǳһ򼲷ɣʫҲ˵ʲôֻܹٸϡ
ڶߺ׺۵Сۣߺ󣬶ﻹаս⡣
ã´ΣһŹ㡣
ЦȻ㳯˷еķ׷ȥбֻʣ׺һˣεЦЦҲ뿪˴˵ء
ʱʫһɽ½䣬ʱһӰҲ档
ôͽսˣûôɣ
ʫʵ
ûüսأܹô
ЦȻͷȥⲻ


1098 
磬Ҫҵòҳϴˣô嶯ģûɱֻŻŻ
ֺõסĸ첲˵
Ҳû֮뿪ʵھ㣡֪׺ʵڵѾǴǰ׺ˣķıѾ߷չֻĵδرĶ֣
ˣϢʫͬʱȻ
ôŶ죬ѵɣ
ʫʵ
ûҲ֪ȷʵ˵ڵʵǿҸղʹ״̬µҲֻҵʮ츳Ȼȫ˾֮С
ղŵһĻɸп
˵һʮϵʵ츳ˡ
ʫҡͷ˵
̧̫ˣ츳ңû´һҲԴﵽʮʵ֮£ңǱʹһӳѾȫһսʵ
˵ŮѾO͡
һӳʲôµӵпµ˲ٴһʵԶγɾʵвԣҪһսʹ屾壬ҲްգҿɲΪһС±ܸûӵġսǾ͵ʵ˵ɣ
΢΢¶һĨЦ⣬Щľȫû뵽׺ʵ˵ǿ
ã˵磬ˡģһ죬һʵԶԶĳʱߣһ֪˭Ÿ
ûأʵ֮ϣҪ㣬أָʫңǶ˰֮һսҲδرܹսʤ
ҡͷ˵
磬˼ǣҪãôңҶ֮ս
ʵ
ֻҪ㲻ǲģڣˣҲΪ֮ɣ
Ѿܵ׺Χǧ֮ڣһᣬǰһľζһ£׺αǰ
ԽԽˣȻԽֲС
ЦȴЩƣ׺ʵǿŮˣԼӿºѹˡ
Ůǰо˺ܴѹԼҪǴʱ֮ս
׺ЦЦ˵лޣԺ͸һ𴳵ݣ֪ǷԸأ
ȻԸ⣬ҺپܾŮҪ󣡡
˵仰ָܵ˶Ŀ⣬εЦЦ׺ѯʫ
ʫȻͷ׺ˣʱƣȴֲֳֻܹŭѹС
磬֮һı¹ѾΪɣ޻ȫûڵʵڡʹҲѾ뺮ķһ䣬Ҳ뿪ˡڴ֮ǰȥǸΪа֪ǵأ
˵ѯ
ͷаһβɱǣ뿪֮ǰȻɷŹ
϶˵
磬֧κξ
ʫܸɴ࣬׺а鲻˵Ϊ磬ͷͬ
ǣǳаѨķжȥ
һھǧ֮ʱѡ䣬һشͬʱֳΡ
磬Ϊʲôѡｵ䣿һͷаѣǺβֱӽɱа
ڴ˴ͣЩ⡣
ʫҲͬɻΪżʵѾηаʵڴʱѡ䣬Ȼ̫ˡ
ĪҪСаҵȴ˴δǰɱаһûл֪ûע⵽뵱ͬ
΢΢ǾȵķڿǾ֮ƺвֵĺɫԽȣԽŨܡ
ѺŮҲͬʱȵķֻǾΧֳɫ⵹ǹ졣
Īа֪ҵҪɱ
ʫɲ²
ǿ϶ġһشаҵȱгһɱʱ㷲ҲѾʱӦǵ׼ԣǧ򲻿Са
˵о˸һâƺ˼ʲô
ʫҲͬʱͷԼ۲ǰκο֮ʱ׺ͻȻҶüЩŭ˵аʵɶھȷԲǧ֮ڣ޾һֲҲû£ȫһƬء
ͷӿڵаıʱаʹЩֶҲ㲻ʲôаգҷǳھһǽ룬ֻ±һ㲻ò
磬аʵ൱Ҷںʵѵôʱ䣬ܹʵǲɣƾڵĵҲӦаʵ֮ϣΪ绹ˣıأ


1099 
̲סʵ
һʱһʱҲлĵаΪξͲܹʵаأһΪֻ»Զҵ󡣡
Ȼ˵
ʱһͳЦǰȻϣǾȻˣһΣ־ͽԣҪȫʬ
аˣ
Цϵκλ֮ɫȻ糣
Ůƺа֮аǶһС椣ƯɣϿȰɣҪСʬΣȻСԶĽڴ˴Ӷܣ
аΰɣ
ŭȵԶԶĴ˳ȥ
С椣ϴûŮ㣬ôźһΣӾҪŮ㣬ڴȥаɣ¸£
аĴ˶У򶨣ŮŭˣɽҪǾ
ʫڴʱסȰĪǽ֮һʶֻˣƤӣɱȥֻġ
аţˣ
ŭȵȻ㱣ֳĬаֹӲŲǼˡ
аʹüĪҪϵ뿪ٹЩ𣡡
ڿ˵⻰Ů󾪣˱˱ܣƺԸ
磬аʹʲôӣֱȥɱҪ˰ɣ磬ڴ˵ţȥɱ

ҵĻԺͱҡҪȥȥ㣡ʫʫߡ
˵󣬵գʫ׺̸ϡ
εһţæ˵磬ȵңĻаٻ꣡
һȺСһȺųļһ־ͷû־͹ɣԶһ㣡
а
СļһĵӻûŮ˴Ǹųļһ㶪ߵ
аŭ𲻶ϵĴ˵ĶС
ŮŭͬʱȴȻ¶Ц⣬ȻһҲûܵаӰ죬Ȼϵĳʱķȴ
˺ܿԶ˾ȣаҲʧֱԶ֮أٴν档
˵Ѿ߱ĵаԲη֮⣬ҵȽȣвá
̬˵һ㲻ȴΪܡ
ѵǾŹǿɶа
ĵʵ
ԣֳһصЦ⣬΢Цҡҡͷ˫ɢɣѹɤ˵һΣа׼ΪԶԸǣȻֻһԸ뷨˴εʱˣζҵȼȻˣ޹أ
Ůͬʱͷƺʱ˵а׼£ֱӽȣҵȲɾҵɱȥɱаİձǹ䲻ĵ
Ŷˣаɾ裬ΪˣȻɱǹ
ͷЦ
䲻а¾û뵽ǻȥ
ʫЦȻСǣǳ֮鲻Զ
׺˵ֳ΢ЦȴҲЩʧء
ŮݣеѹʵҲСǶŮ΢һ㣬ֻ±ᵱ
ڴ˵Ⱥ͵͵ǱһһᾡʹʯǴϢ֮ڣһûзأǾȳڣʱһǻϡ
ϵ̬̹Ȼ
Уһȥʵ̫ΣˣһȥҲиӦ
˵
ЧҷԸһġʫʫҲģңκϢһϵ㡣
ЩԵ˵ݶŮ
磬ԸһҪСһ㣡
˵ͬʱסĸ첲ٵһڣȻЦŵͷ
磬ǧСģһġ
ʫҲ֣˵Ȼһһڡ
λ˷İɣ
һסһˣڽŮͬʱӵ뻳к׺
׺Ȼʧ֮УڶŮ֮ʱѾȥȻǧ䣬ҪˣҲ䡣
ʫԾЩȣû뵽׺˵Ļ֮ǰ̬ȱ仯ʵ̫ˡ
ˣ֮ҪսôҾͺʫʫԶԶǣ⣬ԲǼٻס𣿡
ӵĿŮֱŮͬʱͷʧڿС
һֵϢȸȥϢԽԽݳǧ󣬼Ѿȫʧȥټ
ʵɷԲںһζһ޴ƣʱϢϵҲԽԽǿֻҪӽ˽뷶ΧڣҪֵĿԺС


1100 
ΪһȵԵʣȵа˴ţ϶Եɵģаڳԡ
ȴʱ˱仯ǳǧ﷽ԲĺɫڷٵɢҲԾȵٶ˵ĺɫǰС
ִܱߺǺɫȵɢɽϿգĵǱɽȱԵ
ȾĵģûκＸѾΧ˹ͺͺʯͷ
ǺɫǱһ㣬ȵķֲھϿգɫ͸ŹŹ֣·һ
ʱɫĺɫ˴أһ´֮ǺɫΧһƬ
ɫӦаʹļӷӣܹմȾЩɫ
а弸Ϊ͸ƯھΧ
£
ͻȻһһֻųٵƽ
ɫĹעţǷݴﵽϿ֮ʱͻȻһߡ
ɫ㷭һСɺɫٶȳϮȥ
ǷƺҲʶΣգ͵ڳ򣬿зĽ
ǺַʱǽȻֹ֮ʱźɫѸٵǱȣȻ˼ž֮С
аԽԽˣȻԲǧҵĺʵӦܿ졣
뵽Ȼ㳯ΧĵӿȥѰҵһϸСѷ죬ȻٵǱ롣
֮ѾΪһֻݵطɳ棬Ȼ󳯵룬˰ҹǱ뵽ɽ֮С
һ̳һɽ֣ȻԽԽҲζаһ֪Ǳ˾ȡ
ɽϷ˺ɫڲаǱ룬츳ȥԶݵطʽǱصףȻתɽ֮Уаû뵽ġ
ڽһɽһˣ˳ɽϵķ϶УٶȲ죬һ㿿ĵط
ԼĪһʱǱһøɾɽⶴǡסŮӡ
ЩŮǱа°ģʱһǷ֮ɫ
һŮ̾λصˣ֮ǰúʹһɣﻹ̳ҵȴ˴βݡ
Ҳֻܹˣ֪лʧȥ˭һеƾעˡ
һŮҲ̾
һᣬŮƣЩŮӵԪ֮ѾԱΪҲˡ
ǼŮƾճ֣ȴΪһеɫŮ
ȻҲ࿴ǼŮɽȥڳɽ֮ǹеĳһƬľ󣬱ɫסĹߣİɽڲԶвŮɽߡ
ƾĿ⣬ɽ֮еŮӱ㲻°ˣ׻ˮ㣬ԱаѸٷ
СϪȻţϪˮǲ޴ɽгɪϢ
ʹʶ̽飬һ˫۾ȴϸ۲ɽ֮еı仯ǰĸı䲢󣬽ֻŮ˸ˣϢɭɲˡ
ֹ˶ʱСϪ֮еĽͻȻˣһӰٵֶȻаα塣
μаˣ
Ůʩһɫл֮̿ɫΨֱϪ֮µɽ֮УΪζ
аһۣϵı͸һ˿֮ɫȻɽϿգ̾Ѿҫ󷨣սϧǼСļһˡѵҪһֱڴ˴Ͻһ﷢𣿡
ŮһҿһʱаƺŭȻѸٵķŴΣһٶΧŮŵûš
ҲţΧŮ˱һ״̬аһ˫۾ΧƺѰĿꡣ
ߣĵӺܴ󣬾Ȼη屾а
аαȵһѽŮӵĲסȻ߾ڿС
ƽ飬˼а˵ġҫ󷨡ǿĿֲ󷨡
үˣ
ŮȻ֪ûκνǻǱ΢ϣ
ˬڿˣ
аһֻͻȻŮӵһֱֻһɴ£ŮӷһҽУֱѾȫ
¸£
аͷſ޴ͣȻŮѪҺȫС
а̫̬ˣһ
ҲӿŭаĲ̵ɼһߣѪ֮ȻŮӵֱֱУȻ󷢳һ׽ӿŮӵѪҺ
ѪߣֶΡ
̲סеĳ嶯ȥͻϮаα塣
ಣಣಣ
Ӱ֣Ȼðаα壬еĳ嶯ȥ
϶Ѩаסһ߷ʱȻĵаѹθŵĽ󣡡


1101 
д󾪣̾ûкֱɱȣеĺ²롣
µαаķȴͨߵķͬһȻ˵һ˶ԣҵȿŵζˣ¸£Ҳоڿˡ
ǸϿȥСϴ쭣ŮˣòҪ׶Ƕ֡
ǰǸаЦȻ㽫ŮӵηУɭݵҧȥѪĽΧŮȫѾŵˡ
һаѾ㹻ֲˣοͬʱĵаȻѾʮŮŵЩɵˡ
ߣϴǿϴķϣҵȻðǰŮˣѵǼ˾Ҫװܿࣿ
µаȲĺȻԹԵĽһŮǿץ뻳УŮӼҪιȥˡ
ģΥϴݹӲ
ߣвӣ㵱һǰ裬һԸҶ𣿡
ǸĵķЦ
ȿȣλԼαϻһӮҲûκκôοϴǶ㣬˻鷳
ЦѾ˺ܶ࣬ͬʱһмߡ
ߣ˵ãӾ˵ƯСǰȣأϴˣ
ĺɫˡ
ǣðմôԶĵط̵ΣϴǱ壬ҪˣǶûӹӲŲʺĵط
ͬץĺںеͬʱһȭǰһŮߵ𣬵ΪһŻҽһоһСĽƷΧڣΧŮȴһҲûܵӰ졣
ˣˣ治ףǲаķԼԼʲô˼
ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ԼԼ˼
ͬ˵ҲȻȻ󷢳һЦԣȷʵЩ˼
аĵϪˮ֮ЦŭŵȺŮӻɪɪҲֻиżⶶ
ԭаĵѹָҼҵǰȣ治֪аķʵģܹ壬ʵ»ǰǿɣ
аţһȺŮУ಻ͻҲƽԲۡ
˸ղŵĽƺǸЦʱѾԺɫȻһѡʮŮӣȻһǱϪˮµĽ֮С
˴ʮŮ뿪ͻż֮ͨԭмŮӲѹȻһƨڵϣϼϲǡ
ʱɽǼŮΪҪһݶ֪аǴڵŮսһ
µģµı֪ȴҪȴʣŮ֮
аĵ뿪ŮõĲд֮һ׷뿪Ϫˮ
Ҳڴʱ뿪ȴѰа˵ġҫ󷨡
ʱƾаĵʵѾǰǿǼܹʵġҫ󷨡ҲûаտԶԸͷӵڶа
޷̽аʵֻܹƾоȥжϣֱаǰɱаʵ޲࣬Լں϶ɷʵӦÿаһս
ǵֺξаڶĵıаǷںʵ֮ںϣǱҪаѨķںϡ
ȵ󣬹ڡҫ󷨡״ںδһʱ֮Ҳ޷̽飬
ǡҫ󷨡ܹʵСӣΪƾаκһһս⽫ԶԼʵ֮ϡ
ǣɽ֮мߣҪҳеġҫ󷨡
󷨵˽⣬һ㶼ڱȽϹؼĵطδʩչ֮ǰҲڿУ̽
ʱȻ֣Ѱ˼ðȥɱаǼѰǡҫ󷨡߷ؾ⣬һдӳ顣
ļǱһʱ䣬ǿѰҫ󷨡󷨣ôав½
ɽ˰֮ɽеŮԶԶԼԼŮ㣬ȵŮٹ򣬶һͱа̵ɱ
֮ѾԾеΪϤԭаÿһ춼ɽѰŮˣһаѨеŮˣѾζ
þŮӸоֲǣа漴κεطʱһˣʱǶˣʱȫһ֡
Ϊ˱ⱻаץ룬Լƽ棬ץļʲŻСǳ̫ˣЩаһŭ֮µֶηΪ̡
ȣʬǶѻŮӾʵ޷ʹԪԱֻܹӲд˾ļ󣬲ʱԴ͵͵ĳʧȥĵŮڿ


1102 
⼸죬ž֤аĲаȻЩŮ޶ٹϸ𣬵ͬԣοав£˵̬
ʱʼ޷Ѱа˵ġҫ󷨡λõںηаÿһѰŮӵĹɣЩŮУаֵļҲԽ
ŮߣȴԵúκ󲿷˵ѾʬĹʱпܱаץߣȻ³
ȳЩŮߵ뷨״аҪȳֻǲʵʵ뷨
аĵʵǲǿɺ壬ʵҲһΪǿҲΪһ㣬޷аΪһʵûκȡʤİգѾ׼гȴӳ顣
ȵĶǿĽƣɽ֮ҲʵĽƣһҪߣΪ£ٷ֮ٻᱻ֣ݵҪ߲ܵȴǴûκһ˿԰ȫӳ
ЩŮߵʵһһĪ˵Ҫݵأʵͨߣﻹʹǿݵߡ
˵زͬһļһ룬³ֻ·һÿ춼гһ˵ΪЩܶץס³ҲΪңǱа׽
ʵδܽȻͨݵ뿪Ϊ˰ȫ˸ȦӣƻصǸɽ
һ·֮ϣЩѾʵŮ֮Ҳзھ޷ʹ£Ů֮ıƴͨҲԶ
аһŮ߼Ҫˣǿҿ£໥֮䱬˸Ϊ̵
а𣬽ȷΪĸÿһڵ߾Ϊս
ݺܼ򵥣κ˿ӵūʮӵū˿аѡʱūĹУɱˡ
´ǸϣǳΪūԽӽǿԳΪūǱʮūȥԼ൱ڶʮ
ЩŮ߷ǣΪūҲӵūڶھȽ͵֯Ƭȱ̵ָָսЩаԹսΪ֡
յһʱո߳ǧףһŮ˾ȻԼڵĳ
Ҫҵū
Ůһ̵ĶΧһɫȹӣĸòҲ㣬Ĩɫ
Ҳ֪аµЦŮӵǲ֪ȻҴԼ⡣
ҵūҲһӦ
ЦͲŮӣȻǰߡ
վס
ŮŭȻָУȻһĿΧ̳Ůӣһչ
㽫ҵʮūôӦ׼ԶҲվ
Ůͷ˵Ž֮ɫͬһĹľ鲻ѣЦҲгͬ顣
ŹһʱŮӱӵ˾ūٶ湻ġ
аµЩапڼžȿֵܳκս
ЩŮԭΪֻܹͨһսһٶȱΪҪء
ľŮӣиȴɽ̸ϣڵϼһЩҲ֦֮еʹá
ŮһЦһ֣̳ƽˣʱڽΧУʱŮӲŷһЦܶǶôǿߣҲܶĸɵģΪ£ʶʱͶɣĿͷԡ
˵ĻûУϿͶǶ֣ͻˡ
ŮȵƵΪ׳ۡ
ҪԸЩŮӣƾƱɽѹڴʱ¶ʵ£ʹʵһʹʵҲǳױ¶ߵݡ
ߵΪҪƾıαµ츳츳ֳıٶȣ߱Ƚѷɫ١
һߵߣΪˣƾʵҲɶԸЩŮߡ
㲻Ҫ嶯иıҪ㣬øū
΢΢һЦһĹâһܹøūԼʱȫ롣
ȽܣȻΪūɣ
һ뺷Ůϵĺ⾹Ȼһһģӹȥһۣݺһ
ǵüӿٶˣٲӿٶȣͻˡ
һŮȰЩбżΪѾ˾ūЩûūϣһȻūеū


1103 
ţ
ԺֹŶ˵С椣ղ˵ĻҪ棬ǸҺңеĺɵˡ
æֵȻҺģԱ˵ļıܿӵڶū
ţȵҵūҾӵʮūұԴǣÿѰʮū췢Ϊɣ
Ȼ䵭ȻһһȥһŤһŤģӯӯߵɶ࿴˼ۡ
ԭûʮΪϼƣû뵽ȻԼҪһҲȫʧȥɡ
Ѫ飬㲻ҪΪҲɣôأ
ȥѰһū㵥̸̸Ͼҵļı¹ش󣬲κĪҪţ뵱ҿʮ֮һľʦ
һӣǰҡҡ߰ͷǰȻʵЩʦɡ
磬һ˵ʵǿΪЩıľʦܵá
ھ˽ʧȥΪ£ıԵҪǵõһıԵĵ֣򵥵øū
ȻĶһ֣ȱԷɢɾȥѰū
ǣ
ǾŮʩѸٵ˿ñʧȥټ
ֻʣŮһʱѾп뷨ˣʱΧͻȻһĺȵսеԽң˽Ϊ˻ܶǰľȴྶͥ
Ůܹôʱո˶ūҲмͣνո˵󣬴ʱһϲ˿ɫ
Ů߹Ѹٵ˼ţԼʱ룬ԼٶȣȻ׷ԼǰǷ˵·ȴĳ
֪аһڹעƬǱаˣԼҪȻ̾ȣҲɡ
С椣ʲôıϿ˵ļıһȰʮūȴá
߽˫ľ뼸ֻһ֮ң
սһ㣬֪㡣
ɫ˵
΢΢һЦⲽ࣬Ȼе󣬺Ȼſ˫ۣٶȽסŽ촽սĶ䣬һϢЦС椣㻹ڼΪʦȴѾסˣǱνǾʦĿ˰ɣٺ٣ڱߣţԡ
ղŲûжܣƾԷסȻԭġ
ŮıסĶĸоϡԸ֪Ůӳ౾Ͳ󣬴ʱԼߺҲһһܵǶԽԽвɰЦŮӱռ˱ȴȻ֪
ʲô˼
ŵʵ
С椣ԸҾϲԸС椡ͶңҵūҾԲ㡣
˵ͬʱһֻ־ȻѸٵƣȻͻϮزҲЩû뵽ŮӾȻжֵͬãȻԼֻǸðġ
Ҫ
˵һƯŮ˷񣬵һζһŮӲϵоЩ̼
ǰɣ
аڸоŮӵ»֮ϲɷһصЦ⡣
һΣ仯Ů˵壬ȴǴŮһֻº󣬺ȻһɼͦĴɷһ͵͵ļ˫ַȻϥһΪ£嵹档
һ㣬ô
ڵأȴһҲţԹ˵ȴǷŮģаҲԷе⡣
д󾪣ȻȻһŮӣҲȫ𾪲ѡ
зŮ
аҪǱа֪ˣԻ̴Է
ΪҾͷ˫֣
ڵ֪ǴŮ˺Խ˫ͬʱĸ첲Ťס
һ㣡ȷл˵
ⷢһŮ˵ļ
Уʲôھ˵Ҿ۶ĸ첲
Щˣôʱ仹û㶨Էֻ»ӰԼӵеū
С椣֣Ҿͽɱˡ
һͳԺУһȻķſ˫֡
ȻԴ⡭
е𾪲ڶԷзŮ⴫ζŶԷΪδܽҪɱԼȻ˲顣
ǧҪֳ֮ɫаˣֻʣ·һ
⴫Ҳð֮٣аδ£ҲԷĴ
ϵȻ֮ɫһԴеľš


1104 
УȻзѷŮߣңʵδܽлңһ˲˺ܶ࣬ȵ뷨
ȻĴӵĵϵĳŶصһЦҸļıǣΪҵĵһū
д󾪣ʱȴֶԷһԼ򦣬峺ԼƺڵȴԼĻش
УԼ߰ɣҲټ㣡
˵һŤͷ˶ԷָȻתߣлֲ̿ѡ
ΪӳȵһǲԸ⣬Ǿ׼ھȰɣӵһūҲսһ
˵ⷬתߣеŮӻܳԼΪЩаĲбѾﵽһޣҲὫһɱ
һ䴫бѰ˼ţ㰴նԷĻ˵ԼӵһūаһɱʮŮӵٶȼ㣬꣬Լɡ
ʱ䣬Ҳһݵʱ䣬߶ԣʱݣ
ȻΪԷԼȣֻҪһϣϣ
ƴˣҪģǻһ
˼ˣתС׷ϡ
ôԸΪˣ
δԶŲЦʵ
ǣԸΪ
ԥ˵
תӶԷŮӵͷȥЦѸɣõʲôأ
Ӧŵ󣬵ѪķΪѪ֮£һâ˵ʱӳһ塣
ѪϺصһЦ˵ȥȫ壬ū
ǣˡ
һǾū֪Ϣ̷أڷʱȻѾˡ
ŮӱŮѺţһֵɫ󵱼ͬʱ˵ϣҵԸ
ūѾȾҪΪҲѾû˻ᡣ
һ뺷Ů˺ȵ
ˣŮӾΪɣ
Ķ˵
ˣ
Ůд󾪣û뵽ոǱոˡ
һΪū㹻ˣҺСū
Цʹ͸
Ȼμµˣ
ȵǣŮͬʱ¹ΰݣ⵹оЩ˼ѹаǻ´
μˣ
ʮŮһߵݵ
ɣ
ڰ֣ȻԼҪǰĶѨֻ²ףڲ¶ݵ£ЩŮ˵ʵȫķ
Ĵ£˳ɽڴ£˼սǹѩһﵽʮ֮ࡣ
ռһɽռɽΪʱɽΪնһһһ˫
´ǣѰҵһĴɽǧϡ
ڽɽһãǣɽ֮б壬ڲ巽棬СԣЩĲøʮūгġ
ȷϣ̵ΪаĵһƬʱʱ۲ŸŮߵΪԴΪ֡
ʱһɽ䣬һ·ɵļªЩ·ŮӴϽʡĲϡ
ľУҲѵ֮ЩԱȫŮ߶ԣҲÿпޣͻȻܳһһƵŮߣھиͲΪ档
Ǵª֮أϥһԣɽſжλŮǰ
ɽе壬ֲһЩֻҪ´ָɡ
ҹĻ£ɽⲻʱִ򶷵ɽ֮ȴžޱȣʮŮӸΧȴԶ
ѾϣƾռݵɽڶʱūĶ顣
ĿҲҾжõ׽Ůߵ壬ȻЩɣҲᱻа֡
ڣ뷨ǽһڶūŶӣȻԼȫִﵱݵؽɽԭ·ݳȣаǷֵļʱС
ҲЩŮӣڱðշֻ·ݾߣʱԼȶѶȡ
һᣬɽб㴫һҽУԴɽ֮С
һŲǴŮߺܿ㱻أȻɽ䡣
ˣץһŮߣָʾ
๧ϲ˵
㿴Űɣ
Ȩ·Ÿ࣬˼ŸõνЩа

Ӧ󣬵ŮΪʮūŮΰݹż뵽ɽĲΪС
ɽ֮⣬ϣ䵥Ůӱ׽ãչΪСɱ֮


1105 
һʮ˶ʮ˵ȺսΪˣʱ䵥Χɽ֮С
ʱ⴦ɽ֮У˱ץʮŮߡ
ҲȨ·ţǣɽΪһأ˿׽ŵˡ
ɽΪһնٲ壬ץŮӳΪūȻЩūΪҪսץµūǺðյĲ׽ū֮ߡ
ʱԽƣͬʱɽŮҲС壬ʱһ룬ʱʮһ룬һƿ£Խײ׽Ůߡ
ʱڣµŮȴֱ֮µŮū١
²ϵıϲ˵ҪˣʱһԴҲβסϵϲ֮ɫ
໳ųϲ֮ʱĿҲԼɵͷѹ˵ˣȻ㣬µūԽԽˣѾӵ˶ٶ

һϵƽ鲢˿üëûһ£еĹƺɽҲ˼֡
ྪȵŴͣаУȻֺϢһҲ޷ͷҪǿĶſɣ
ֻȽϺãûбаʩչʵҪܵ뷨ʵЩʵʣп˵Ѿʲôϣˣ»㱨ūϲԽ
޷ֻܹĵȴ£ѾһһĿʼľ
ľ߶ԣȴˣֻм߻ľɾͣ츳ĹϵҲкܴĹϵ
ľҲжؾ磬ҪһǰǴﵽרעľ
һ㣬ܶ߶޷ﵽͬʱҲкܶ߿ﵽΪֻҪרעҲʲôرѵ顣
츳ߣڱרעľҲ̫죬ΪľԲ޶۵רע޶۵רעľǳޡ
츳ǿߣڱרעб츳ԽãԱԽǿҲΪľĵڶؾ硣
ľϣľһľѴﵽΪ뵽ﵽϲԼľȶҪѡ
ʱڻԵɺ£Ȼĳһľ£ԲŻڴʱĿࡣ
ϲԼ
ʱ˿̣ľ޳һƷչƽͬһطѾõĹž̬ǰ֮еǣ·𿴵δһ㡣
Ĺ۲£ϵıʵ΢ķű仯ֻһ仯̫ԣڲϸ۲ͷֲˡ
˵žƽȻ˿磬ˮ΢£һƽĿɿڴУĳһ޵Ц⡣
޵ЦʱϵҲ֮仯֮ҲֳЦ⣬ڣ壬֫ÿһϸСĶԸһصЦ⡣
ϲԼ⻹ľߵľ磬Ѿﵽؾ磬ľڼ
ˣû°ɣ
̲סʵΪѪģǶԷԼҲ
û£
΢Ц˵ƽޱȣƺû˼κ⣬ֻ˼ȫ⡣
ľì֮ԼҲоˣڴʱľԺУζٶȻ٣ĻҲӡ
һߣһӶԶһΣѾ˶ΣȴԶԶǼޣֻҪ츳㹻Ŭ׷󣬶Ҳûֹġ
ԼͷзѾʧʱһɫŮӣһɾɽ


ɻȴǾԲҿͷӦŵȻųڵķƶ
Ů֮УɫҲ֮ˣֻϹͿĨ˻ҳΪǲɫаϪˮ֮µĽƣζӵһǻۡ

˵
а벻ԼϵĽӽǸʲôôƽ峺Ҫʲôа֮¡
ͻȻȻ൭΢ЦѾеǰŮݣ֪Ҫʲô
ϡ
Ȼζӵĵͷ
£ȴȻӣΪԷвŮԾԲܹһŮˣȻ˵Ψһڴʱǽˡ
Ů뻳˫ֽסȴ˿а˿ķӦ
˫޹𣿡
ͻȻʵܵ
вµ˶ԷƺԼȴȻûµʵͼ
ˣδйܵĽӴ˫޾ǵһӵġ


1106 
౾˵ˣȴ˵ǸɴཿЦһЦ
ͷ೤ϵζ˫ͬʱƶز
ԽˣһĿϣֻСץסĶֻ֡
ĺȻ˳άŵЦ⣬˫ֺ»Ǳȹ̽룬Ӵ˫֮
һָдʮְˣٴξڽгƺԼе̫æһסͣŤ
С椣ıɣ
Цʵ˫ٴƣȫ˫סԭָȴȻ޷ͷƽ
ˣıֱ࣬Աȡġ
ߴ˵ʱȻߣҲ֪ȡˣҲŤš
ߵ֫ϸŤ¸ģǷģ̵ͦβһγ˶ѹ
ƽʱ̣ԼһѾܴ˵Ȼ󣬲ڴʱ˿̣ľĸ߶Խ˲ϲԼԲΪȻ򶯡
ǿľǶһ̵ɽ֣ľַľ
Уľֻоܿ飬ǿľļ顣
Ůң
΢Ц˵仰˫ֻǰ
΢΢һԲɻͷǺɫһӵĽǶ˫ߺģƽ˼ݳ˵ķɡ
һݣΪ֮иŷ֣ŮȻ󲢲ܽӴһĨԹΪȻ
Ϊһߣϣ൱ϡ֮١
ŮңҪĲǵҪһ־ļ㣬һ־вᣬṦһӰٶȣ߻ħʧѵǡ
ֻĲһ±ָǹһĨȻаЦ⣬Ů󣬴ʱҲ߱൱ĹЧȻͷƺԷѾΪӡ
ˣҪʲôԣһκҪ󡣡
͸Щ֮ɫʱ£еĸ߰
ΪūչһŮӣҲӵӵеҲһӡ
ڶ˼׵£Էȴ޶ԣοԽܡ
˾Ϳˣʲô飡
˻಻ʧһϰȻȫŤת
вԼԷֻһŮˣԼ£Ҳ޶ԣô޹أ
һʱ嶯£֫µĲλҲŤȫϡ
˿и̩ȻʵЩŵ飬ϸܺ飬ֻ಻֪ѡ
ľսޣʱҪ֤ԼԾκȻ
Ķ뷨ûдȻһʱľյԷӰ죬ôԺΪҪֿٵĽȴϼѡ
֮ðգһûκսʵ֮ðա
ˣ
Щ૵˵۾۾һӵĽǶΪļ״̬չֳ
Ϊ壬ڴʱƣļûйͷ޳˫ͻȻ֫˫ȵҲ̾ǿ󣬲ȴʯΪ֮
ͷƣӣСʱȻϢȴǹġ
Ϣϣ䣬ȴӰ죬Ȼ峺Ŀ¡
зŭˣһεķŭΪһŮˣūҲĽܶԷмһ˵Ľ֡
ӣС޽ӽ촽ʱ˫˫֮кһĹâд󾪣һ£Щ־ĵͷҶŵ뷨
ǵЦŨˣΪľƺͨؿ飬Ȼƽͬһ޷紵ľˮ
࣬㳤ĻƯĺܲ
˵иŭȻԷ˵ԼƯĲΪξǲϸһأڷԼ
ҲֳаȵЦ⣬˫ƿԼߣͷȻ˫ֽ˫崦ϵıΪġ
˫룬糺죬ֳ£ҲȫҲȷʵЩˣӣС΢΢ſһۺɫСͷӣС˳ȻŴǴת
Ȼδй˫ް£ҪҲ㹻ǧ
ʱһʧص״̬Լǿ־סͷЩ嶯
ˣԷȻ޶ԣЩܲˣһ͵ĳϱͲ


1107 
ͣ
Ϊ̶ҵͬʱѩļҲ¶
ܰס
ֻ˵ĸ֣ȻǰŮӣ˽սԼֶζľ
ѵֻǺܰ𣿡
˫ּǰ·´룬ǡɽɽ¶ѩ׵ļϵļԱʮǿҡ
ܰףܴ󣬻̡ͦ
ƽЩ֪ʲôöԷ˴ݡ
వвˬʱͻȻһ˫־ȻͬʱϮԼز˸ܽӴ

෢һƳĽ͵һۣƤ΢΢һ£дϲм
ɫǿգռɫ
߶ĸ֣ٴʧصΣΪ״£ԷȻ̶Ѿ˲٣вԼľյӰ졣
Уʹˣ
а˫ͬʱץסļ˫Ϊ֧㣬˫Ͽա

һʿо˫֮˫徹ȻԼµĲڿвϵŤţβԼ˫ȣȴţŤԵĵá
һкͺǿӵгǿĶﵽ˲ϲԼľ񾳽磬ʱҲѳֲסɫȻԵЩ԰ֽ

ʱעɫ仯ʱдϲΪŤ壬ϣƾԼıֳǰˡ
֪ľʱ߻ħΣգ¾Բ̬Ȼ
ΪūѾܵϵߵĹϵһ𣬵Ȼ˵ΣѣūܣūΪѣ˺޹ϵ
оЩˣаæĺÿһκǳƳͨƳĺƽľκľȻٴƽɫҲ𽥻ָ
࣬ѾͦɧģˣȥϢɣ
ɫȻ˵ſ˫֣ڵֵסȻľһ硣
ּ˵ջ£ľʮѸ٣һԽһּջ
Ҳ˵ľΪǿ󣬼ԸղŵʽȻҲԸΪݣ˿Ϊ
ֻеĺô֮һĺôں棬ԤʾԺٶȻٴҶļʸߡ
һʧĵͷȻ£мΪġ
ʹֶκ󣬲ûйĻ棬аձڵ治ŤŤȥ
࣬ūﵽ֮ʱ֪һ°ɣ
Ըǣһ˿ϲɫ
ߺ϶ѾһĨصЦ⣬вɰԼڸղŵ¾Ȼסľʵѵá
һʱĳ嶯ɴʱȻȻ²ѣڷһкüնʱ̣һСģǶԼΪӰ콫ɹ
ֻ壬ǻȣҸͲסľҪһ
뵽
Ϣʱ䣬ٴοʼľĴﵽյľ磬ʱľĹѸȥ
֪˶ã󣬼ɫȻˣūѾﵽ֮ڣ
ûлشһ飬ʱȻһĵز
ģеʧ˻ָƽ̬֮
ܺã˵䣬ûģ
Цʵ
ˣ򲻿ɣԵΣ쵼ҵȡ
ƴǵȥϣλá
࣬ԺסˣҪ㲻Ҫ㵱䣬ƴǣܵѪĵĳͷ
ϵЦˣ˵ŵæڵأ֪ˣ˵ʲôʲô˾ھҲκԥ
ڿʼȺ˵䣬Ҽðūһָķǰ

ǣ
ྪϲ˵
֮󣬱ūۼһٲȻԾӣūԿƺԼūһ˿ʮˣÿʮ˾Ϳһˣ˵ĶηǳҪҲʮּ򵥡
͵Ļū֮УȻ֮ͻȻɽָ֮߳ʾķǰС
һ·֮ϣżɢĶ˵Ĵ󲿶ŷӣЩܵŮɳūѸ
ǣ˵ԽԽ࣬Ƭ򣬻мȴûⷽ˶ڡ
ƴƴɱγɵĶ飬ʱĶȽȻС׼ףûʲô飬޷ǰļıöѡ
ƺĲӼǰУҲӽǴɽɽԶľʱһԸߵµӪ


1108 
ʵӰɽʱǻƵĹ£ŮӰԽģ
ڰֵʱ̣Զǳ֮һ㣬ҪңȴԵϤ
ôܣ
ֻһд󾪣ϣһдʮˣȻʼǽɽС
ҹĻ£ɭɭɽڴһڣʱĿȴĿΧмɽǴһɽдġ
ԼٵĽŲɽȥֲ⣬֪һֱǳƽʱôֵ˼ꡣ
죬ȫϣ
һڵľūǳһ·СܵĽĲ
ɽԽԽиΪżû˿ԥĳɽֱ롣
ҪֹѾˣ¶֪ͨԮԼһҧūųɽ
ȵɽ֮Уɱ˽󣬽ǰз򣬼ˣм˲СĲ֮С
Ŀɽпһ֪Χв壬Լƿ壬Ҳˣһ·ɽȥ
һ˸ҵĽŲǧ򲻿ߴ
ܿ㷢ƺԿ壬ӶɵԽ壬Ǵʮ˸н·ߡ
ʶ̽һ˲䣬֪⣬˲Ƴ롣
ڴ˵ţһȥ
ͻȻȻץסһͰɽ
С椣㾹ȻصôߣΪ㵽Ǿץס𣿸ģһŹ㣡
һŭһֵŮӶһЦ
ץס
ǷŮӶ
ʱиŮ˾ŵĴɽ룬ˣˣ˳ɽˡ
ʲôǲһٶİٵҲ£ȥָսոС椡
Ůĵ˵һΧʮūз
㣬Ҫң
ǸСŮ˵첲ȴŮǿдһʯͷϳ
Ůݣȥ磬һϮȹմȾ˻ҳͿĨŻɫ೾˵ĸоΪǱ
ҲʱŮӵ֮泯ɽ
С椣ΪǸҲߺߣһξûϴôˣΪֹ
ǷŮ˵ЦһץסŮӵĳ
ץҵͷɶš
ŮͻȻŭ֮һֻֽǷŮӵץס
ߺߣҽţ˲ˣ
ǷŮ˵ɫĽͷǰսƺҪԼŵŮʲô顣
ŮʹȫҪѷŮһֵֻǷŵֱȴ˿
ıĿɽޣʧȥΪҲ˿ȵģҪܹ֣죬ͷһ
Ů˻䣬ͻȻһĲҽУ̷ſץסŮͷ֡
ǸļˣȻҧ
Ů˷ŭĺмҪ죬¶ĶŰ
б¾ɱңֻҪɱңһ㱨ġ
ŮƺѾû˸ղŵľ֣Ȼ˵ϵıԵЩ
в˭ȣҵȽǳϦָͻᱻаɱܹһҲ㣬Ū㣬οԱ𣿡
ŮͷЦΧŮҲ׷׸Ц⡣
ҼţһұģһᣡǴңҲұġ
Ů૵˵ǸˣеˮѾ˳۽ǵ䡣
ƽȮۣ
Ů㾳أǴʱΪһնɱǰķţﻹһȺСߵ۸ֻһȴѾ̫ʵ
ҲӵģΪʲôҪԴ̵ĵطΪʲôɺһ̫С޷Լ
ŮЩں޵ĺŮ͵ץסŮӵһֻ첲ǽסҪа˲ɱκˣҲҪصĴۣҪ֪ʲô
ķţȥɣ
Ůӵ弫ţҪΧ˵ȴ԰쵽
Ů˽ŮӰס޷ǷץסŮӵһֻ첲Ȼ͵˺¶ѩļ
ϣ˵ƤȻôã⿴ſζԳʻˣ
ŵЦϳƺҪŮӸоŨŨĿ־ſ֡
ԹҪԣҾԣֻҵ⣬ţ
ŮǰѾʧ֪޷ӱ̵ĥԻȥˣȻԼ̡
ˣӲ


1109 
߳ŭ׼һȹȥ֪ΪȴͣȻ󷢳һЦ֪ˣѼӲʵܺ£ܺ±⣬ǲǣ
ţǲ۲۵ļˣеļˣҪԱԣôϻ
ŮӴʱɼΣȻȫ˷ŵвԣΧŮҲɴסˡ
ãӲҧһڣ᲻ẦµĽг
Ÿ¸ЦŮӵֱۣ¶ŷݣѳһ󣬱㷢һ໺ݳŮӵĸ첲ҧȥ
Ůӵ۾ڴʱһˣֻܹܵסʹࡣ
Ƿ˺ҧŮֱ۵ʱ෢Լ徹ȻͻȻ
Ȼʹ
ͷһ˲Ѿɽ
ţ
һŸһתͷȴֶİŮͻȻԼǰ
˭
žʵεĺˣԷֻжʱ
Ůûֱܹ۴ʹ࣬ȴ˶İŮӣԼģвɴΪ𾪣ѵлλȣǿҪСţʮǿ󡣡
ʶŮӣʱı龹Ȼž޲˿ϲŭ֡
֮и֪оʱʮַŭԭǰŮ
δ˵ֻǿٵ߳Ȼһֻ֣͵˵Ůίˣҷǰ㣬ҵˡ
Ůһżĵͷʵҵģ

˵򵥵ļ֣ȴǲ׳Լλܴ˵أ
ŮչһЦȻַ
ֻС֣ǰֱϵ˺ۣЩ˺ԵЩĿģŮӵϾȻҲ˺ֻۣҵĻҳסˡ
Ȼһ۵ĸоĺƺе㴭Ϭ£ŮȫˣЩȻǱĥ¡
ŮӣŵһľԮû£Լһ˿ºѶԸʮˡ
ǺôĵӣȻūߺߣƾǼˣǱ뿪ˣ¡
żԷֻˣ˵
ūȴǴ֮УΪ˵ĵ˭Ҳûп˵ͻȻģЩȻ
ʲôΧǣ
ҧǣʮŮ˷ɢΧס˶ˣǷվȦ⣬ϴŵЦ⡣
ˣߣֵЩһ
Щŵ˵Ȼ˵
߰ɣˣǾȲҵģ
ŮԥһȻѣиΪŭǹɱ⼸ҪƲסĴй¶
˭Ҳߣ
ȵ
ӣΪʲôҪӣЩɶļһ˭˺һ𣬲ú
ҧ˵һֻֽֽգһֻѾճȭ
д󾪣ѵˣ벻Ҫ嶯ҪʹҲᱻаǷ֣ʱһˡ
ааʲô죬ҪΪ˭˺ȫú
һһٵ˵˵Ļ࣬ǸŮԼһȫˡ
аʲô
ھȵ˵仰ģʮֺ˽Ա𾪡
ŮȻšԼŮˣ˵Ļодůкˣԭ˾ǡ

Ů¶ĵЦ⣬һ̣ǣ֣˿Ŀ־塣
ﴫůĸоʱĸ޷ƽɼתͷߵŮӣ㲣ɿɬЦܿˡ
أ
ŮǶ飬Ļ̲ס޳һֱͬʱסȻ˽пʼֻʣ֮ԽԽףΪޡ
ްɣ޹һؼңڣ㲻κˣ
Ĵĺ󱳣ᣬͬںСӡ
зǳ𾪣һľȴԵЩΨаҳ䣬Ϊū϶Ҳ֮䡣
ΧһȺŮˣʱҲЩ֪ƵģΪıֺܹ죬ţȻȵĽɶ˿
Ȼ֮ڹȵǶԱˣǶ£Ȼǣ
ʮŮԥһ˲󣬻˱ƽ
ߣ
ֻһߣһǿƱӿΧŮӽԸоٲά裬ҲЩ˳
ֹˣת֮ʱֻѵ֮ڶŮеĹԵڵء


1110 
㵽ʲôˣ
Щ־ˣȻţΪչֳʵ̫ǿ󣬴Ӷˡ
ʵϣûʹߵʵǽƾƱЩŮеԶڵء
ʵľż۷壬һѹͬͬСɣЩŮǿȴȻ޷ľżʵ⡣
ԭߣ
˵
ߣԭǸ࣬ɶ񰡣
оԼֻ޷ԸԷĸ߼ߡ
ಣ
ûɽѸٵ򶴿ڣʱȴԹۡ
ˣ
˵ʱЦЦģܲˡ
ΪԼԳûߣ˭֪Գɽſڣ̱ʮŮӶס
ЩŮӣʵҲ൱ͼʵȴû֮Ĳ󣬷һ˾ӵǿҪʮ˵İΧҲԲһʱ̵顣
ÿ
ŭй裬㽫һŮӻˡ
ץס

ŮչԵЩҺģŬ˼֣ȴûг˵Χ£ҪΧȦС
źεıս㳷ɽʱЩŮһӵ롣
࣬ȥɽŮȫ£ʱҪΪūȫԴ
ϸűЦ⡣
´ǷһһģѾԽ־壬û뵽Էô˶ڡ
࣬ȫԶһ㣬Ҫ֮
ٴ
ȻΪûץסǷţڱȫ£ƺЩס
ûзʣ£ɽбֻʣΪˡ
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㵽˭ΪʲôҪԣ
Щ˵
Ϣһᣬ㱨Ѫޣ
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żߵʵ㹻Էƿڹ֮УǷʵϵ˺Ϊһ˵
󲿷ֶµ֣ڼǰа´ҪΪҾܾˣ㽫ץסǿбȣҲĶ֣˲ԣϲ˶˺ۡ
Щŭ˵
ɼǵж۸ˣһһ˵
ѹŭ档
ҽаȣһʮ۸ңЩһֱţǻɻңҲʶУΪ۸ҵƣʮ֮˾ŽΪˣңֺüβ㽫ĥаɱˣֻ£ѾҲûлˡ
ĺţǰڿһɨǰЩǷϣǱ֮
ҲǹģԸⲹԸⲹ벻Ҫ˺ҡ
ѾʶԣǰŮ˵ʵ̫ǿˣԼĶ֣ҪǸŮһ׷ŹԼ
ڲǰѾľһ˵ĸ߶ȣֻ鱻۸ϵʱŭΪյ£ľ㱻ݺݵĽˡ
ʲô϶ѡ㣬Ϳ㣡κ˶޷㣡һУһһһλ
˵ŵͬһ㣬÷ŵҵĲ֪ͷȻҲˡ
ҪаȲɱˣ㲻ܹ
žֵĺв£а
üëаʲôһ𣿺ߣһĺܲҵģ
ʱľܵӰ죬а֣ҲȻҪɱţֻǣ̾¶Լݣջǿܻᱻа֣Ҳû취ˡ
ЩڵأΧʮŮҲ֣ͬΪΪŵūѾϵһ𣬵һ
˷ţԣȴԵôĲ԰
ϵ˺ۣڿ޹ҲƽЩŮ˵Ÿ֮⡣
ɣô𶼿ԣܵίһɣѪծѪѪѪ
˵
ͷһˡ
ģ۸ҵʱҾ˵һᱨġڣұʱǿ־ɣ־ɣ
ѹɤȻȥʹ˫ַǷŵ塣
Ϊǿ󣬼зŭڷһ󱨸󣬽ȴ۵Щվȡ
вһ˿Ц⣬Цջ֮ǰȴ˶ûкܺõס
Էŵ˵һЩЦδϵ˺
ĽԼеĹݸ飬һ£˵ллȻչǷŵͷ¡


1111 
㣬
ѧˣװģʵϣЩȻ޷Ч˺š
һڣȴԼˣԷδܵӰ죬ԽָԭеʵΪ£ôܻأ
ĹĵģЦЦȻһӣɫġն콣С
ɽ
žֵʧеҲŴͣʱɽ
ҵķɽмǱն׼ֻܹʬˡ
Цɽ顣
ķɽʱΪķ֣ôţɱĸоȴԸһҲνˡ
ֳַɽ󣬷˲ĸо£һ˫۾ȵôзɽΥ˾ȵĹ򣬲аһŹġ
һţҪ汻аˣǺã
࿴ǿҲаĶ֣ȴŽäĿţʱҲ뵽˱аֵ⣬ɫб㲻κο־塣
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ζеĽɫɽǽɫɽţΪԣʱҲܵķŭ޲ԶɱǷˡ
ˣ飬в£͵Ҫ·ɽ
꣡
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ŲҽţһֱѾǷɽ˲նϣǷɽµԶ
㻹зɽɶ񣡡
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ڴ˾£žȻаˣҲǱƵͶ·²
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˵˵Ǵʯϣϥƽĸ·ˡ
ţҪϵһһǶı
鱾ͲѶ֮ˣʱ˫ŭ棬ֳķɽʼһıЩ۸ԼŮߡ
ĿѪѪḶ́ǲҺɽ֮ԶԶҹɫ£һһĿֲϢɽ֮С
еķɽѾεĸЩŮߵƤ˺Ůǣֻϻ˿ڣȴδһĸ
ʱһ£һεɱɽ֮зӡ
࣬ūȫɽ֮У
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ǷŴʱѾһֱۣѪۣһһƵĽۡ
ಣ
һǾʯʱѾԭ˱òӢϴɭɱ⡣

ķһû뵽ıĿӢΧūҲˣһּȸӵ
磡
΢Цſɽ
ҽ⿪Ľƣ
ֳָһâļͷһ£Ϊʱָˣβסϲɫ
лл硣
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΢΢һЦٴӿһ׹⽫֣ǣϵ˺۱ɲǼȬˣϵĻҳҲʧ
ʱŷ֣龹Ȼ̾磬ѹԴﵽҵľ磬ԭŮˡ
Ůߣұɱ֮˿Ըı䣡
Ȼ˵һֳֽ֮Ůǲѣŵҡ
һаˣаһֹеɱ¾ġ
ŭȵµū׷Ӧ
ΪаԵаûǴĻٲǰɱаһ
һڽԾ
Ȼɱаķ˵ʵҲ
ྪ̾һԶԶ
ߣҪɱӵķλҽȣǲˡ
һŭɽ⴫
а
Щ־˵ٿɫȴǹž޲û˿ݡ
аеҪ£ھͱңҴٹƽһսΣ
µаѾԼҲܻ仯
ãеɫӾɽſڵȺ㣬ʱ֪аʲô
а
ϻ˵ٺŰɣ
Цһӣɽ֮γһǿĽƣаҲ޷롣
˵ĶԻֻ䣬ȻаԻʱѾǿ
ŮаʵѾǿˣ뵽ȻնɱаķһԼսа
ţ۸ٵŮˣΪа㣿


1112 
ЦǿɱǷڵزҶ
ǰ
Ųҽġ
ʮҲ۸ŮߣЩˣҲ۸ڣǣһһڣŵʳвӣ𡣡
ȺŮɪɪӦȻǿв£ǷΧм䡣
࣬ල˭ҲӣŰɱ
һ䣬˵
ķ䣬ϲΪĽѾ⿪ڿԻָԭеʵˡ
죡ҲŰɱ
ķɽһηɽǽͬһ˲ĸо
˿ʼҧǷţڲҽУ˷˺ҧ
ʱѾ侲鱨֮ԼҪаڷԼѾĻǱȵĲü׷ѡ
ϲĵаǵĲã飬ڼʱʱ
Լһᣬֻ£кܴļ䣬Ϊ˵ԼΪġ
ŵһŮӵ˺ҧ£һⱻ˺µĸоϵʹԼϵĿ־ľٱ
ߣҲǷŴʱ³к㣬Ҳܸм
Ƿűгһ߰׹ʱԪ֮Ҳ¶һǳɫ棬ȻϮǷŵԪ֮塣
ƻĻȼգֶζԸԪ֮壬ɸΪ¡
Щ۸ŮҲõͬ³ǳɫȼԪ֮壬ֶ㹻ЩŮ쳣ʹࡣ
ЩŮӵԪڲҺɢɽ֮Ҳū򹧾㷲ɽ֮С
аǱɽ֮⣬˽Ѿ֪ūвΪѾͨѪһ䣬ūҲ
ľҲŰ鱨ѩ޺ƽϢ˴Σһʱĳ嶯аע⡣
ɽ֮⣬аʲôһȻǱȵļƻҲΪղŵĳ嶯ܵӰ죬ԲԼΪ
ñЦһ
΢΢һЦ̩ȻĿЦ
ͣ
ԭЩģ򶨣ЦЦľޡ
΢ЦʱȴıķоȻȻΧʱиūԭǱʱ
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Ůͬʱ˵һͷΨֱĸֻ
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ЦŽ뻳У˵ܹܵΧŮӵĽкָо
ãͻȻǰһΧŮҲͬʱ򵹡
࣬Ǹʲô
ɫʵϴŵ΢ЦƺѾµ˵˼
˾Ⱦҵȣҵ뿪ȣ˲Ӧͳ𡣡
˵ʵҲ֪᲻ڴʱ˼Լˡ
˾ҵ뿪ȣ˲ӦҵȾͳ𡣡
Ҳ˵ɽ֮лصѡ
ʼմŵЦ⣬֮ǶĹâڴʱ˿̣׼ȷ˵ѾԹ˲ϾϾǶֵʵǳǿ
ЩŮӣһ⣬ŮҲ޶ٺøУֻΪԵɺϣѪϵһ
˰һֱֱĹڵأЩĲ̣룬Ȱ磬㳣˵ǿɹģ磬㾡ȾǣǱаӣѾ鵽ָоĺѰȥ
ǺǣȻڣҾ;Ϊ
׼ˣʱ˵ȴջ˾޴ӣ˷ܵ¶ݶЦ
лˣл
൱˵Ц⣬ؼյ
лˣл
пϲϵľϲҲΪǵϲö˷ܣ˵磬Ҳлл㣬Ǹ
ƨˣҶҴ뿪
г˵ֳָһâ
㿪䣬һЩŮӱʧһ룬ʣµһˣϾſϲı顣
λǽҵĿռ䣬԰ȫλҪΪ֮ҴаǶܹȫսܣ۾ͬھ
ȻȻٴνŮ䡣
ֻʣʱЦЦ˵࣬ǰʧ֮£Ϊľð¡
ˣʲô඼ġϿֳϻ̵˵
ģֻҪҲ䣬ͻƽ£


1113 
˵ͬʱŽı仯
ףԸ쿪ʤɱ˵а
˵
ͷ΢΢֣ȻҲ֮С
֪ԼҲ䣬вЩᣬż⣬Ȼڴʱӡ
ĪҪңаʵңҿ׾ٵɱаģɱаһȥġõģҲɣ
΢Ц˵󣬽ׯڵĵطղ˵ɱа޷ǲ鵣Ķѡ
ɽֻ֮ʣһ֮ʱеķɽٴչ֣Ѿֳĺ⡣
ȣǻԵɺ飬ôĿܣĳ˷ŵȴһѾ
ĳ˵аʱһǿսӿ
ʱаĵѾɽ֮⣬֮Ըʱȥū޷ֻһڣΪаĵȫû뵽ͻȻھȣڷһԵִ̫٣ʱ䲼һа
Щ͸аĵʵв²аĵһʵӦò̫ǿ󣬷ǾͲԼʱ䴦Щūˡ
аɽ֮⣬вȷ£ԼǷսӮаĵڶȷаĵǷԺ壬һǿɺ壬ʵֻ»ǳǿ
ȵƶʵԣȽǿ󣬲ȣںϷʵȵĽƸ޷赲ԣſڽ֮н˶֮С
ɽв˽ƣаĵ׼ʲôƺҪǿƵõĽƣһ㣬Ԥеġ
аķ󣬻ȥѰսԡ
ȥõĽƺаĵͬʱ쵽ˣɽ֮⡣
㵱ǵ죬ȻҴȣһΣ֪ӵ˰ɣ
аļͬʱ͸ŨŨķŭ
ǰնɱаһڼǳаԣԲǣڼ󣬵Щ
аķ湻ģɱһھȻֶĵǺ˼֪ĵȥ᲻ٶأ
ЦŷʵڿУʼɽһ·Ưƶȥ
ɽаĵɾȵĸ߿ͬʱ䡣
ϣŮҲаɣزصģǳһս
аĵͬʱȵѾƽΧм䡣

Ц̽ԵһǰնǰǶаЦֵֵĽ
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ȻԼ˽аʵ֮ʱҲδ˽Լʵʵ
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ƾһɷ֮аһϸ£ʱƵʮԡ
һʱһʱҲ
ŲʹɷںϵĽǶа֮ҲԿ⣬еҲεǣҲ̫߿аʵˡ
ʵӺܿǵʵ̫ˣôܹʵӿأ
ʻʱһаĵαԼǰ¶£һõĻᣬǿöԷжնɱаķǶԷںʹʵ󷨣ԼҲռݼơ
뵽ѾԽʵǿں״̬Ϣ£аĵƺ޾졣
ĵǿͬʱɱôаûκв
Щ˷ܵ뵽еķɽ΢΢ţаĵԼľ룬ԼпȺɱ
ʹɷںϵʵʤаη֮аԼĶɷںϵʵҲӦԶ
ɷʵԷĲӽ£ʹǳɫ潣ʩչѪȻƽǽȫаĵγɾʵ
Ѫ
ʩչȫһʺâУĵаƺڵȴʲôڽһ¶ЩЦ⡣
콻ŮˣҲӽһ
аĵЦͬʱаĹâ


1114 
аٺźĸһϢ
˵仰ʱǡôаע
Сģ
һдаѨдаĵҲͬһʱˡ
ಣ
ʧ֮ʱҲͬʱڿг֣аĵǶѨеıʵаһ֣а쵽ΣʱĵҲͬѸѡ
һɺϣ˲֮ʣĵаͬʱ˵ı仯Ϊ塣
˲֮ʱ֪ԷѾЩ׼ϣò˲ƵǿɱѾһ˲䷢ֲĽ
һɫĽٶڿк򻮳һĻߣɷںΪһ£Ѿаķӵ˾ơ
Ƿɽڿ֮ʱаĵҲѾɣǽ޼᲻ݵаĵ
ಣ
а뵽ʵǿǽɫĽ˲㽫аĵȫС
˲Ϣ֮䣬ĵаȻͬʱŽɫĵĹǲȴ޶Ӱ졣
һ湦ھʵ֮£Ȼһμ޵Ⱥɱ
ಣ
ٴιһֵ֮ǰ͹
һУʵ̫죬а֮Ѿ˻صԭλá
ϸֳһ˿˷ܵЦ⣬û뵽Լ˲͵Ϯ¾ȻﵽеǿЧ
໣
һŭаѨ֮дϪˮʱȻˮĽеɽʯ𶯡
ūֹͣ˷һȵĹȿеľĵаȻ˲䱻һֳַɽɱūоϲӣ֪˭ȷһţȱ㴫Ů˷ܵļ
ܿƽ΢Цаĵ׹ɽȡ
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Цû뵽ԼãȴòЩãԼ̫߿аˡ
쵰Ҫ
аĺϪˮ´ⷴ͹аΡ
һĨʵžȣǾϿյĺɫȴȻڡ
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ЦɽȻصھū֮ʱͻȻаһ͵͵Ц
ףķôЦĳйŹ֡
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аĵЦȻǴĵдǱնĵаȻ»ˣ׼Ѹٵһǣͷа³Χĸ߿֮С
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ǻۣҲа츳һأǿջϲһԭаķ޷ɱ
ϲ㣬ѾǿҲӵĶ֡
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ಣ
ȵĵ͵Ĵһ¡¡дΪɻ׼뿪˵ʱĵаǰͻȻͬʱðһĺâһǿܱۡ
ѵǡҫ󷨡ԭѰҵ󷨲ǹ̶ĳأа֮ϡ
лȻٴ߶ȣΨǵǿϮ
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ಣ
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аЦһطâ֮Уаڷǡ
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ʵѰ˼ΰǰ
ļıһŮĻѵΪӲֻ֪ӵû뵽ǸŮӾȻŮˣ֪Ӿʹ
ͷаͬʱЦǾ޴ıڿвѣǲ֮
вɰû뵽аȻ˽ƻƻԼĹơ
ҫ󷨡ѾͣҪɣаǡĵһ߱壬ŵʹҫ󷨡
аһֹĵĵ֮ĳƺϱԼնɱķһƻамطΪҪɱаʵ¡
а뵽ȴ޾֮ɫʱаԡҫ󷨡ΧʵĴ㡣
ȵĲԾʫأԼǰ̽飬͵а֮ĶԻ󣬱㵣Լᱻа֣Ӷ롮ҫ󷨡֮С


1115 
ĽΣ
΢΢ǲһЦадŭŭȵ㾹ȻЦӡߺߣһΣѷɡ⡮ҫ󷨡֮УѾγ˱仯ĻᶼûУֻҪ㲻ʹ壬㲻ôĶ֡

ɻаΪθսԼˣԭԵʵġ
չֱ֮ʱŵаνƨΪֵˣԼǰаʧȥսϵơ
ǱȰͶϱΪ򣬽𡣡
аЦĲһ
α壬ΣٶԸͲҪʹ֪֮⡮ҫ󷨡ǲͬ˵ǰٵҪʶһ¡
ֵķɽȻڿƣǣսҲǰǡ
ߣα壬Ȼѡ뱾һսһڵġ
аͬʱ˵ͬʱǣڡҫ󷨡£˵ĵʵȻƾӵԭе
⡮ҫ󷨡ȻȺļӳҪǿʵҲܹôɱа塣
аڴﵽһ壬ɷȫں֮£аҲСӡ
ʵȻôǿŹȥã򣬱ؽ
аſ˵
ԣһҪݳɱŮҲ𣬵ʱŮ˱ǵˡ
аͬʱЦ
һˣбҪаб±ʹɣٺ㣡
зɽһڿз˵֮
ʵʸҵһս
а
ǣϴ󣡡
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һֳֽƿƼ򵥣ʵؼ汸ȻɣȣаҲСӡ
һΣаƾһѹα壬αûз֮Źȥãʵ˰ٱֹ
аıһˣȻֿԸԵɶˣʱҶԻ
ٺһЦӴ͵һӣһ֣צ򲻽ĳצ
ɫצٶȲ죬ȴʮ㣬аڡҫ󷨡ǿһ
ſɵĶаĹʱ˿̣Ҳ̽аĹǣһȭȻצ
СӣȭԸӵצӣ̫ˣߣ
ЦצѸٵĻϳһȻŹЦ⣬ԽԵȭȭצ
˿ƻĹʵ򰵲ɱǿڿײһʱ޴ĺ¡սڲҲھҵĲ
¡
һһڶâڿбŷһǿ⣬Ǻ¡ڣǿƺըˣһǿڡҫ󷨡ӿ
΢΢һ˿ĺˣȻȵڿС
һ֮£ȴʮ࣬ʵʮɾԣһλľ룬൱ڱ壬Ҳһҡ
һ֮䣬̼ȻҪʤһţΪԼڡҫ󷨡·ƾ󷨣Լֻбɱķݡ
ˣ
Ȼ˵ջȭаȵЦ⣬˵ƸΪš
аĹǺ֣͵סȫһ
ν
ʼɵһЦЦазëЦҪ
Ӹղֻʹצ֮ʶӵʵ
ʢŭ֮£ڿֱȫצͬʱһΣȷŸΪǿצڻ˲Ѿʼ˿еԶںϡ
ڽɣٴλȭֵеķɽȴʼղ˿
һΣҲȫȭ֮ϵâʢԷצ͵ĺһ
¡
а⼸ͬʱڿ𶯣𶯣Ҳ𶯣Ƕһιȱʮū
ȻԽһȻйһ֣ŵ˾ūıߡ
һȸղŻҪǿ̫࣬ںؿ΢΢ţϵɫȴɵȻаԾȣһаʵ֣Լֻ²аĶ֡
ĵŭ徹Ȼһȭɰ֮Զβŭ
аͬ⼸ȫĿɿڴԤϵ츳ʵӦúܿ죬ȴҲû㵽һȭ㽫ʵ֮Զ
ôܣݺɣħ磬Ҳû̬ļһٶȾȻ죡⻹ûҪǸΪֲҪ㣡


1116 
аҧ˵˫еɱǿֲЩаҲԱ¶ѪĿ
Ҳ֮УһһƲֻǱģԼɱһаѶȻ̫󣬳׺Լʩչӳ򣬵ƾԼʵҪնɱаʵڲһ򵥵顣
ڿʼ󷨵ĹɣֻҪ½ˣɱǾͷǳˡ
а
󷨹Īʹ֮ͬѵԵӹЭͬ
а룬Էķνؼ⹥Խаȫ֮УһϹƾ屶ԶԼγϵľơ
ã
뵽д󾪣ɽһǳɫ㽫ɽ֣γǳɫ潣
ĹצϮʱд󶨣ԭаĹ²޵ӣֻǰĹҪΪǿϲ١
󷨵֮£Ĺƾһңа˵ͬ
аԭʵӵԭеʱ󷨵֮ͬ£ʵٴһڶγһơ
ɷѾȫںϣʹѪ潣µƽ⹥ҲԭеĻһ࣬ǳɫ뽣γɵĴ͸Чķɽֹһ
䣡
ɫĽٶȺ֮죬ļצոջ֮ʱɫѾն

һû뵽ԼٴһʵȻǴ֮С
һ֮ǿӲ˹
ܵԷĿֲ֮ԼķצײһȿֲĻ潣ȻԼ崦䡣
屻֮ʱǵĽɫߣ˽Ĺ£߸ܵĻᶼûС
ͬͬء
аŭȵðһǿĺаͬˡ
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ɫʲôȻϨҷǳɫ潣
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Ĺǿ󷨵֮ͬ£˲ӡķӣ빥ӵķ
аͬЦǰĺɫܿɢˣһֵĺɫаһƮĸо
ĬȻж󷨵֮Ѿ˽⣬Ҳң󷨿Եֻ£ԼᴦھԵС
ʱаķԵõǿ֣Ҫɱһʮѣа󷨣ҪԼڶʱڼܡ
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ȻӳѪɶʵ̫ɶˡ
ŭ֮ٴγǿ񱩵Ҳ֮ӿȥ
ˣóѪ
չԹȻռЩƣǺɫǿ£Ҳٴαķɽһ˿ڡ
һ֮αںɫ֮УΧĹ֮ԹĽŷ
ս󷨵İ£аԼĵչַһҪʱ޿̵ĽаĹ
Сӣ죬֮󣬱ֻбɱ¾ķݣ־ɣÿ־ˣ
аûЦ
һԿģаռݾƵģֻҪֵһɱ
ʵϣаڲ£ֺξ֮С
֮У˫ĹƲ֮зŴսУаҲղ츳ȴС׼ס
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ɫצܱŰţʼ泯һڽâɽ֮ϵĻ潣ҲսĹտеһ㣬аȴȻ֪
ƾаĳֹԹԹƺͲںڵа֮ʱ嶼ûŤͬ۾һ㣬һԽΣ
ɱɱɱ
аսӿŭս⣬սҲڼš


1117 
˫Ĺʱ⣬֮УڽɫâӳѾ֣аɱĸˡ
㾹ȻСӣˣҪɱ㡣
аֻҪһķƣҪԴƣȴǸܰ쵽
ǿǿҲڶսԣǿǰἤǿĶ־
аΪֻҪȡʤʵϣȴֻһԸ뷨
ڻҵĽ֮УаҲ޷̽Χ֪Ƿͬǰġ
Ȼ嶼תȻŭаٴʵצҲ˰ɫһҲƾһµĸ߶ȡ
аȻҲսʤ٣սԱٸã
ŭ֮󣬷һХƶˣÿһԿаĹơ
ʱţаԽսԽǷŭΪÿһĽ֣аķԻᱻǴ͸Ի潣ˣֲֿĴ͸£а󷨵ȫȫأȴǳһơ
Ȼ̫ǿȴаûӣ˵аʹִﵽԤ㣬ʱǿս򳬳а֮⣬⼸Ǵûġ
˫ԹԹɣʱаķŭҲʱԳХս⡣
ūΣеȴʤΪھѾֿʼա
ΪĺճŮ֮Ҳʱһ䣬ǿеĺսǰңҲ˵ĹвϵĲ
ʱƾһ֮ӲǿסаͬĵĳսսԼĪĺôģпõɷǰɹڲ֮ء
аսֹĽţʱҲ˫ҵĽսȻš
һʱȻȥаսڽУһķս˫ͬʱģаޱȵǣĵٶȾȻĿ¡
һ죬аЩ֮Уսֹһ㣬еķɽϵķѾаˣڷĹа
ɱ
ȻɱۣǿǿԷӵ쾡£аҪˣϿνǱˣȻԲˣȴøɸɾġ
һΣ󷨵а屾壬аԣǧѷĺûᣬǴʧλᣬֻ³ϡ
һ𷢶
ааͬʱǿֲצɫ巽֡
ಣ
Ȼûжܣûзצ˲׵ĽնΪء
а¶ϲɵצʧʱһߴǱѵ徹Ȼ漣һϴŨŨϷ֮⡣
㾹ȻԽ˶飬㵽Ǹʲô
аͬʱʱ˿̣ڽһͣ
Ǻǣѵķ½ӻͷ­پͲ𣿸㣬ҪûǿپͺǺȥȵҷԮһֻ·һ
Це˵ս֮ãڵ½һ벻ֹԷÿ½һϵһ˫Ȼͬһϡ
ǰΪԣڴʱͣսĺô࣬ΪָٶҪԶԶа
аޱߣʱĹâƺʲôаԾ衣

аһͬʱһЦЦԵ޼ɵ
ڱƱʹľУΪʹþоͿɱģ˭֪ʵȻԶԤ֮⡣
аٺЦղŵķŭȻյЦʧ
㻹ʲôУٿɲôױŻġ
⼤Ѿдˡ
ಣ
޵徹Ȼͬʱײȥаһײ徹ȻȫΪһ壬˲䱩ǡ
ãȻԺ壡
һ㣬˫ֵڿдӵķһɲǼ˼ӡǡ
ûõģڱĺ£ӵоԵƣ츳ǿҲչ޷ıƵľء
аȵʱչֳɱֱɫ֮еɱòΡ
Ҳʼ壬ⳡ쳣״α壬ں֮ʵڳžʵķչ
Ȼаȴ֪ڴʱӡʲôãΪھʵ£ܿӵɱʵ
а֮ʵǺϺĶٴ׼壬׷ѰıǶľơ


1118 
һɫֲ漣ĳ֮ڣʱаŷһֵľ
аʶ׺ֶΣô֪һ׺ǿĴ͸ƾһȻϵ׺ž͸õĽơ
ڴ֮ǰ׺̸ʱ̹׺Ҳڡ
ԭȻϵ츳ҪΪ̣ҪӵбΣ֮츳ǡɾ߱һ츳һ츳Ҫ׺
ٻ˶ɫֲаϲа£ԼȻǶ֣޷ߣֻбɱһ;
⼸СǸ׼𣿹˼ѵ׼ƾ⼸СԿ
аʹʶЩС̽һδκ쳣֮ΪͨСݡ
ಣ
ʱһ˼ҪݳƣȻҲаѸٵĽ壬ȻһֻСС
أܹ㵽ȥ
аЦδ裬ֻס󷨣ʶȫλ̽顣
ڣа˹Ź֮徹Ȼȫʧˣƺɫֲ֮С

аſ޿ڣһɫĻ泯ŽƵЩСȥ

һ˲䣬һɫС漣ʧˣС򱻻ڰɫ֮Уټ
аʶԣЩɫֲֵ̫ˣʱҲȫ͸ײкδ
аĵڶ֮ںκϲΪһ壬ʱаʵȻȫӣۼѾ̫࣬γ˾ơ
аıǿķʼڽܼ̽飬һƿԸŹһֱ̽ʮ飬ȴҲû̽ټ
ôܾʧˣⲻܣ
авɺڲѣԼһʼʹ˾УԾʵֻѾˡ
ȵūɽ˷һԴаս
һСϢھһʯֳСʧʱŴӿֳΡ
׹ЩŮ߻ûǰΣǰɫһ䣬Ѿһȫµĵط
μΧٵ˲ƶūҲĺС
Ȼӳˡҫ󷨡
аŭŹִΪ޷ǿ󷨣û뵽ȴѾ֮⡣
ʱаҲΣڡҫ󷨡£ӵǿʵһҫ󷨡ʵ½
ʵ½£ܹγɾƣԷӵлΪǿ
ԼٶȼȵūȫߣҲаķ
ҫ󷨡ֵܹλЧһаѡƶλùǡҫ󷨡ԶаԥԼ׸ò뿪󷨡
аԥʱ䣬ѾȵŮȫȣδ뿪ھ롮ҫ󷨡ȽԶĵطŷа
аЩ޼ƿʩΪһɵġҫ󷨡ôҪΧٴʩչȻЩ̫ʵΪԷǻ۲򵥡
ʵҲ֮Ͼаʵʹ󷨵ǿú
аʱҲɱаǳΣƾԼһˣҪɱа壬̫Ѷˡ
־ͱӣ˵Ӿһս
аŭţ⼤뽫ƭ֮С
аʹ÷սʹȻʹ÷弼ܣҲ޷ñô뱾һսǾȳȥ󷨰ɣ
ûˣʵҲڹаʵ
аȴһͷǾǾԲܹŹһŵͬڷŻɽһΣʵʱԼʲôֵĽ
ɱ۸Ĵۣ
аЩץˣһҲȵľҫ󷨡ȥˡ
ͬʱаʵٵ½һ壬ʵҲ½˼
һֳַɽɫƽаȥֹһ˼Ǿ̺ˡ
ಣ
ĳžȵһɽ˲ƶȥȫа֮⡣
ӣ
ಣ
аһķٳ׷ȥٶȸ죬ݵصļٶǰУаֱڿгϿշС
ڳ˵ʱ䣬ɱǹȽа޷Զı壬һᣬǲðգڴӵա
֮󣬵ʵа΢һһϿյǲ̱ɫһֲֿ췣ʼлۣаĿһСųб¾ͱӡ
䣬һɫ͵ɸ߿ճаķȥֵʮֹ죬ƺ췣ֲһַʽ


1119 
ಣ
аεԼٶȳ˾УǵʧȥĿ󣬾ȻѸٵɢڿС
Σвɰϲԭаĵں֮Ҳ޷ھ֮⣬һаֻбؾȵˣ޷׷ɱԼ
ߣҲųϾû¸ҵˡаĵϸѾˣȵ˵ˡ
ھΧϿգɽȰȻ˵
аķھȶǺɫ֮УʱҪ׷ɱκȴҶԿֲ٣ֻܹ߳ŭ޿κΡ
໣
аķŭ޴йĵһǿھϿţаıͬץѣ޴͵ĳɽеϪˮǿϪˮУÿһζϪˮˮɽʮ֮ߡ
аޱȷŭ֮ʱͻȻӰԶĿ
磡
ʫ˼ƽ£¶ȻЦ⣬ͬʱɵ
׼ŮϢˣаϲȴ¶֮ɫֻȻŮҲûΪβԼİڴʱǰ
磬ԲұֹǰģһûϢԼˣһֱ£ԣ˲ǸҪ־͹Ұɣ
ʫ˵Щ˼ĵͷ
Ҫֽ㣬ʵҪģҪ־͹Һˡ
ĿڵֱȻͬһ顣
磬ҲдҲЩ಻סһǰ˭֪ҲһҪ㻹ǹҰɣûйϵ
׺̩ȻЦһȹڷ趯ƽݹŽ޲
ߣûйϵҪϹϣҺͽĴûйϵ
ǿѺõ˵
ŮһǸЩȻǲԼĻֻǹңԲŻ
ǺǣõǸˣãƾһ֮ȷʵɱɶаڣ˵ļ룬аˡ
΢Ц˵ɱаƾոǡ
Ůͬʱͷʱ̸⼸ھȵţһ׺Ҳ޷סͷƽˡ
даȻʹ߻ҪײУ治ܹĹ磬ģһΣһȫа
׺ŭ˵
͵͵۲Ůŭ̬ȻһһɰвɰЦ֮ԽаײУҪԭΪ׺ȫ
Ů֮УȻ׺ʵΪǿ󣬶ʵҲǳǿ󣬾ʫʵҲȥ
һսһŶӣʵ˳£ֻҪа޷ҫ󷨣Ҫ׵öࡣ
һҪľУȻ屾壬ǰһаսǱ仯屾壬һʱ̫ûнӦ֮ˣ޷ɱаԼľֻƾԷ׸
ǣŮĽӦ㲻Ҫ̫⣬һԼ仯屾壬Ҫɱаİձӡ
аھһҲ̽鵽˾֮ȴûнʫ˵ʵ
аѶԸģʫʵȫΪ壬ǸİŮˣʵҲߵȥ
ಣ
аһѸٵĽ壬Ȼ뱾һ²ҫ󷨣ֻ£аʵſ޶ȵķӳ
һΣǸõŮӣһԴҪЮ
ааţһξȻǱԱвѣһ뵽£аðɡ
ȣնɱ˵а
ֽȵ
ӽȣնɱа
ŮͬĸȻ󣬵ȴԵʮ㡣
ʵ̫նɱΣȸҽȣ죬նɱ˶ȣ
аɽд
ʹںаɱʵôһҪСġ
ѵ
ǣŮͬʱչԵķһչʾɽ̽аĿɿڴ
Ŷ೤ʱ䣬аʫķȻ֮࣬û뵽⣬ŮҲѸ١
ʫʵѷɫ⣬׺ʵѾʮǿ󣬾ȣҲ⻹׺ûʹȫ¡
ĵǱϿգֱӺǱ룬Ȼ˾Ͽ֮С
аʱһ۲գĶˣаԸ̾ŮӾȻ˳̶ȣеӿаͷ޲ɱȡŮ
ڱ״̬µĵǿʵȣҲھƣаӵʵȣҲ֮ͬС
ʫΪߵԵʣ츳ȻѾĸ˱ʵȣȴȱƣųΪʵСһ


1120 
ȻʫɷѾɹʵҲûдھ֮Уʫʥܣǡǿаֶ֮һҲӵһԱ
аһսʱδȫ޸ʵҪĿǰʵ
׺ʵѾʫɷ£ʱδչʵѾȥˡ
аںɫ֣ҫ֮⹥ˣյ޴Ӱ죬սʵǿܶࡣ
Сʲôãб¹뱾һսɣǸ𣿡
аֳĹâ
а㲻ҪƲŮˣҵɱ㣬һսкβң
˫ַɽȻ˵˪Ϸһ˿Ц
ʫ׺Ĭֻͬʱƺһж
аʱˣȻԴ󣡹ҵӾͽսӣȻаֻͷα壬ǸɱҲһ˼顣
ɫЦһҲżΪԼһԵռƣżаһ
аΣΪ屻ڴ˴޷뿪ҫҲΪ޷ƶ̫Զֻܹڱ֮УǶԷУаܳȥ󷨵
ǲ󷨵аҲûоԵİտնɱǰˡ
ݵòб¾͹뱾һսûӾͱš
аֻܹ֪Էϵһʱ֮Ҳûкõİ취
磬磬ֱӳɱɣʵҲ
׺Ȼаļץȴǰϲѡ
ҲҪһ㣡Ҫǽ֮УԼƶԿƣ飬˲𡣡
Цоâƺ˼ʲô
аʵʩǿ󹥻ɱ˶ԷпץסŮҪЮγƵԷ󷨣ûҫµսսаİҲܶࡣ
磬ȻǶˣȥɱҲǶսѵҪһֱȥ
ЩƵʵеսѾǿˣ޲̾սնɱа
ԣȥɣа츳̫һˣ˵츳ҪԶ࣬磬ҵȾֻҪȥǵΪһҪԶаţò˶ãҪɱаǾ׾֮¡
˵Ļ˽ʮֲ죬ȻˣŮҲᷴԡаǷǳ뷴ԣȴ޷ı뷨
ļһһ̬츳Ҫʮصģʱֻƾ׸ķݣУһ취ǰɱ
ааƵıԱ
˻ھаԶĵطʼͬʱʱҲĳܱӿ롣
Σ׺ȻҲʼʩչʱȻʫġ֮ͬһͬʱΪŨ
ΪĴЧаĵطҲŨ
ֻǣа˼רעΧԣ£ٶȣаҲϲˣа⵽ʲôץĸо
˺ȥаȫûκƣ˲
Ȼȴܹڳ£ԵҲͻͽ
δȫǿıʵаһһ
ŵ飬ʵĿģνߣҲ
ֻаȻóȻô˻նɱķǿնɱаһ߷ôʧȥҫ󷨵ʧȥһаҲͲΪ塣
а˸Ĳ𣬴ʱзٵ˼ţƺֻʣһ·ǾǾ˿սˡ
ҫ󷨵Ժ֮ǰȥսأǵˣû˵
аԥãʼò⣬屻ھȶѨ֮УĳҲ壬ΪıɱǷʵҲѽԣѡǲܵġ
ʱ˾ڲԶٰڳһش˵صļƣܱߵԽԽ㣬֪ʱƣаҲԽ
򲻵ʱֻƴˣΣɱǣ
а¶⣬ָ˳ʱڿʼ壬Ϊһʵǿķ
аķʱֳһ˿ЦаǾԼƴˡ
аһʵȫǷӵʵҫ£ʵ˵ԭһıʵԴʱҲռ˾ơ
磬а֮ʵ̫ǿˣȳȣӳɣ


1121 
Ȼ˫Ȼ˵
ʫҲͬʱֹֻͣһɿֲӲԶѹ£оȻݵĿ־о
ֹǶˣҲоаǺǿʵ׺ɫҲʮء
õģаʵֻвǿҳ󷨷ʵҲ½ҵֺξ֮С
Ȼ˵ɽҲڴʱ֣˵ǰ棬ֱаǹǿơ
磬ɣһ֣δزаĶ֡
һ˫ֳַɽ˷
ʫҲʾߣΪޣԴԿаѹ
ֵаѹֻаǵǿɢѹʱʹѪʵӵƣ£Ȼо˾޴ѹ
ߣ
аЦΪԷ֮⣬ֻƵѹöԷ޷ﻹеֵ֮
ͣ
ǿʹƵֵǺ֮аȻڲСĲࡣ
ۡ
ʫͬʱѪҺʫаǿѹڿжЩȣǱʱס壬ֻ±Ҫӿе䡣
׺ʱȴѾʮɣ˵ֵסа󲿷ֵѹ׺δܵа޴ѹ
кˣң
ָôǵĽɫѪҺȻ
ʫԿЦʱֻܹͷȻ˺ʮ֮⣬ѹȴȻ뵽ʹѹС
ߣ
һĵһ׺룺ҵǰֵаѹãȻһӳôԶ
׺ҲһۣȻ㲻ٿƺ˼Ȼ¶˾һ㡣
ںаѹиԼɵƣȫֵ£廹һһڿкˡ
аȻôԶܹǿѹԶ̹ʵҲȥɡ
а˺ԼĪɺȻ޷ֵаǿѹ
аƾѹˣڳͻϮȴǲްա
ѹʵһ̽ȫ޷ֵôа㹻İھйˡ
ӵѹܲסǵʵ̫ʧˣʵȻǰڳԣ
аЦھл졣
һȺӳ
һƽ͵ɤڿͻȻаĿЦȴǿЦȻֹ
Ⱥӳ㵽˭
аűԼƣſЦԷʿȴû뵽İŮӾȻܹʹȺӳ
һɫ֣ɫ£˵ʵƾǿһҲԼٶӡ
õûен
аϲһӳ£ԼʵƾһʱѾԵаѹ
ɶ񣡡
аŭǶԷԶҫ󷨣ӳһʵҲ޷ֵԼѹڵֶԼˡ
ߣӳҲʱƵģһ˵Сʱˣһֱţܹô
ааɱڵ׺ȫû뵽Ȼʹǿ׵
һֻԼʱʵа壬ԼҲᴦھԵƣҫаһ¡
׺ɫЩ԰ףȴޱȣʱǡ׺˫
ˡ
һЦһĨаȵЦ׺岻΢΢һƺЩˡ
磬׼ʹһ˵а
׺΢΢ЦϾȻ¶Щɬı飬ǳ˵ģҲ࿴ۡ
ǣܵʫĿʱǹϵĵͷȻתȥ
аѹɣб±ҫг뱾һս𣿡
ʱа߳ԼʵͲռκơ
һļӳϣҲ޷ãϣʵƾһӵ㹻
ʱʵҲѾаѹˣϾʵ̫ԶһʵԱǲûжġ
аŭıͻȻðŮӣȻ˼ӳһʵ̫аˡ
˵ţаһķȥһߵͣڣðɱȥֻҲûжʤ㡣
ߣʹüӳʲô㵱ɵѽӵļӳЧˣȻս
аΪǵ˵ȴ֪׺ӳǿֻʱ


1122 
дɱһȴֵŮİΣ׺ʫаսУһҪСС
磬ģʹļӳһʱϣڣҼʹǿʵ
׺ĬȻ˵ƽĸоȴһаըѡ
аɵɴ˫ۣж׺ֺ־壬û뵽ӵ˱̬ȻԼӳһʱ֮ϡ
ǿ󣬻ҵѣǵˣ򣬺롣
޵аˬ׺£ԼҪնɱа࣬״̬޷ɱаǵȵԼ仯屾壬аɱа
׺΢΢һЦ˫־Ȼǰʮգʼ߶һϵ
˻ϲ˳һǴϲаðճȥնɱ׺
ȥɣɶŮ
аŭſѪڣ͵һŰɫĻ棬ڴʱǿʵ£аĻǿޱȣֱ׺ȥ
磬ң
׺˵һ䣬Ȼ߶
ಣ
ȻðһƬǳɫĻ棬嵲׺ǰаİɫʱϤ֮ϡ
Ǳʹӳ֮ǰֱа֮Ļֻǣһʱһʱ
ڣʵаһķʵ಻һǳɫ棬϶ԣ㹻ֲϵĲࡣ
ԴԴϵİɫǳɫغ󣬾Ȼͬɶ˻㳯ΧĻӿ롣
˲Ϣ֮䣬׺ȻаĻһա
аĻҲ̫ˣڱƤ͵Ϯʵǲ
ٺЦŷ̵ֻһâΧ֪ΪΣڵȻڷӣ׺಻ϵʵӵҲ¶˿˿Ц⡣
аץԼĻ汻ɣʱֻһϢھţһ߶ŮѲ˸ϵ
֪ʵӺҿɲӳʱڵֵסĹ죬һĿ顣
ʵѸаѾҼǽҫ󷨣ͼȵļӳ

׺һϴ΢΢Ц⣬ͷ·𱻳һѾڿ΢΢ζ
ʫʫչ˺ú
Ը
ţ
ʫͬʱͷȻɵ׺ߣһһҵķסҡҡ׹塣
ллǣ
׺Ц˵ɫԽ԰ףʵڴʱѾﵽһδй۷塣
õˣаûл͵Ϯˣ
аɢɱаҲɾÿ־ޱȡ
׺֮ҡҡ׹屻ʫͬʱסɫǲ԰׵Ŀ£ǲ԰׵ȴ͸һĪЦ⡣
ʱ˿ֻ̣ϰԵ΢΢һüͷȴʮֲԼղŻû׺˭֪ڴʱȴѡޱİ
׺ղ˵Щˣϣܹԭ£ллһУ
˵Ȼȴһ˿мЦ⡣
Ҳлл㣡ģҺһػİȫģҶҲ䡣
ʫ֣˵󣬶׺ͷ΢Ц
׺԰׵ɫЩĺΣЩжɰҸȻжŮӡ
ҲδҲ̸ԭ£ڴеǰͱ˵׻ˡڽ㣬ҲЩĸԸģǱЭа
׺ƽȻаȴñףŭĺɶŮ㲢޳ԹΪҪԸ
аˣ˵ö֮ɻ㹻𣿡
׺ɫԻָһЩȻ͸ƽаЩԶԣֻܹŭ
Ůˣ򸴺󣡡
пϵâŨʵѾҲԾĵز
׺ıʵȷʵǿ󣬿ǣȴʮֲֿһ֮ʵһα
Ҳ˵ʱʵѾаǾһķҫµʵڣʱʵаΪǿ
аҲעı仯ѾĪĿֻţʱһû˱ʤġ
аɣ
ȵѾʼаƽһһǰУÿһƱһ֡
аǵǿ˱ǰ΢СĶȴһ
նаı壬һնɱı壬ķҲܵӰ졣
һٴγǰѾ޽ӽаڵҫ֮С
㲻ҪΪʵǿһ㣬ΪˣҪǸҴҫ󷨣һ֮ء


1123 
аЩ˻ߵĺдŲҲĸܵаĿ־塣
ಣ
˲ˣɲǼ䴳ҫ֮УаһķѾȫںɫ֮С
ɫĽâаԾ̾аĽƻȻʱ򣬱Էˡ
аıѾʧǵ͸ڿУγֳֺһ˿Ц
Ϊıǿɱаһķ븹УԱⱾµս
ⲻ֪ȴһѵĻᣬʱʵа£Ҫڼӳʹ֮ǰаȻҪѰݾ
аˣĽļ֮գаɣ
˵һаźɫȥ
аܿķâֻػ£ûܱһս
ɣб¾ʹӮ򣬽콫Ǳȫ
аŭǿսһս
䣡
ûǰа͵ĳײȥͼƾǿıȡսơ
ߣҪս㣡
ЦɽһһںǳɫĽնа
а޴󣬵ȴɼһߣȻһ˲ƣһ
ȥ
аצͬʱֲצϮȥͬʹ˲֮ڽܡ
۴ʱʵһҪڶʱаѶȴǲС׼Խݾаս
ν֣ƺ໥ȴ໥ɵԲԸӲӶԷϵ˲֮ߡ
ںɫһâУʱǳɫĽǺɫצ޼ɵ˺գȻƺƵģ˲ƶܣȻ򷢳پ׵Ĺַ
ֲ٣ѵڵʵ޷ʤа𣿡
ʫ˵ƺЩǰĳ
а̫ǿˣǰֱӳ룬ֻ»֮У𼱣һɱаģֻʱˡ
ЦȰ
ڵʵӦòаƴ˲ƣȥĲаĶӳʱȴĹȥˡ
׺ü΢΢ƺ⣬ʱԿսĲ裬ȴж϶ڽϵ˲ƹ
׺ѣʫʱ˼׺˵Ļĺ塣
˵ʱӦѡаӲӲԶ˴ʱ֮ĵٶȣҪ˵һʱֻҪʱаᴦھ޴СǣΪ粻ԸӲƴأ
ʫ˵ƺ
㣬İɣ˵Ļǿġ룬һаģǶһɣ
ʫգգ۾صЦʫȻ򣬶׺Ȼɻ֮С
˵ĶԻаͬʱڶУааԾ裬ᶨ˲ӲӲľġ
޸ıսȻаͬ˲ٶȹܣ˵սʵǶߡ
˲ƹܣʵֻǱ󣬶˲ѰŶԷʱԿһ
ʵ̫˲ƱγɱЧʱչֵʵаڲ֮䣬սʽ˾սһʱҲر
аܵ˼ŮʾʱԸⷢˣֻǵ˲Ϊν˲ƹӶѡ
а֮ҲȡһĹģʽаʱ˲ٶҲڷ½
˻Ÿ߶Ĭһ㣬ֲʹսš
аֻһͷǾʱţԼͽһֱȥаԸ⿴ġ
򲢲ż˲֮ʱаľҲԽԽʱǡаһɴ˲ƣðյаȴûץסᡣ
һ֮ڣаʹöɱܣȻȴֲԼ˼򵥵Ļṥһԥ⵱ıֻΪ˲ٶȲϵȥ󣬾׺ҲԿ˵Ķˡ
ʱٵţʱȥаûиоԼʧϼӳγɵҲڲúѸɢ
¸£и飬뱾ԺͣΣ
аһ˲ܣһ߿˵εĲΪˣΪεסĽһȴһԵס
аѵ±ˣٹ¿һͷٿԿǿԺ֮£ҽͱֳһ
˵˲ƵٶԽԽһа˲ƶ
ǱһҪԺ͵Ķ֣㿪ЦԸ⣬ǰһУƽϣӴԺ߸·ΪУգ


1124 
азŭȴڴʱַŭΪյȵƣѾûоԵʱȥ
аϲʱѾԼļƻԽԽа˵ʱž޿ҲһһϵģǾѵ
аҪŪ٣ҪԺͣͼɣȵϵļӳЧһʱٹ٣ҷģٵԿ顣
˲Ƶͬʱ϶Ĵ
ԣакһϲΪҲԼæһצڶͷǰ֣ص˵ĪаڴģԺͺ󣬾ԲΥԼŵԣȴΥԡ
аһԼ˲ٶȶܣһڶ췢ģ޴Ѫһһϣһ˫ͣתţһ֪Լ
аĵͬʱһε˲ƶٴεаһʱͻȻ˲ٶߵһ״̬
Ҫʲô
а󾪵չ˲ƣΨͻϮʱһŨܵɫâаǰһֿ־鵱аȻ
뱾֮ˣ
аŭ־ĺ޴ڿзİڶΪһֱԼвʹ˲ƹԭĿľȻǳԼ֮С
ɲǼ˲ƽаľ޿֮УܵһɿֲĻ湥
Զаǿ̫࣬˸аĿУȫѰ·ΪԻƿغǿ󣬱޻ԣʱûаĻ湥һ¡
ǰɫ泯ӿͬʱѾӿǳɫ棬˰ȻаĿУаЩˣȫû뵽ԼĿС
ǾʣԭԸаһа벻䶼ˡ
鲻ԽĻһֻ˷ܵ˵еķɽ˵ƺӦ˷ܡ
ǺǣԭˣҾͲµĿģȴû뵽
ʫ׵ɢϲ֮ɫ
׺ĿɿڴӣСԲţ֮ɢݵĹâ
Ȼ̫뷨ˣǷˡ
׺˵ĻʫͬʱЦƺ׺޵Ĳʫһ㡣
ɰ̫ˣɵСˣбһս
аŭͬʱеĻΪˣȫסֻаҲ֪޻ԣֻԼʱĻѶ˺
аٽһУߣҲΪĺвʹ˲ƹΰɣ
ЦǻдаɢĻȫް취
ֹˣ
аһëȻʵȻԼĻ棬еζʵֲ̫ˣܹջǴʱʹٻ湥ҲЧǿʵ
ڼ̵ʱڣǳɫѸٵ󣬶ΧİɫƺѾܿƵĳӿȥ
ԭ
аϲһݣǣ汻ٶȸˡ
ǿȴҲһ֣ĻҪаİɫ棬ʱ׺ǿ֧£Ȼɵа³Ļ档
а⣬аԲ˳Ծаڣһɫ޷˺ôаĻ˺
ʿɣʹֶΣӮңкĿھ㣿
а͸ŷŭΣʱôϣܹԼзɳҪһսҲԺùʱ
аϲ㣬ش󡣱аʿżʹĵֶΣҲ֮СûĿھ㣬ͷˣߣ˭ҶԱ˵ģٵзɽɱû˸ҺаĻҲ̫˰ɣ̫ûսˡ
ЦѾаڿеĻһգаȻûдԼĿġ
Ǹˣ
аŭĻζ壬ŵĺɫѸٵӿȥ
ЩɫֱӽȫΧȴƶƺаػֶΡ
ɫȥҫ󷨼γ͸֮ɫ󷨵Ȼš

аץŭ˲С޴ıѸٵѹ
ˣҲñСһ㣬ſڱݲ±ˡ
Ц弸ǳֱСȻĿռܴ
ҪôſԽϳأ
ааƴתţһʱ֮ȴ벻κ֮Чİ취
ţϵϵļӳЧʱͽ֮ء
ап϶ʱ޷Ѹٸϳ£ҲΨʹ־ˡ
Ϊʱ䱻Ϣӣа찧̾ΪʲôΪʲô˱ɵߣ


1125 
ΧĺɫЩɫƺԵסԼǳɫаĸпȴûȤ
аڣҲҵģΪԷգƵаһСģֻԼҲаĶ֡
ѾűڷģҪսǣȴԴǺιʣѵû˵˴𣿡
аյʵʵȴʱ䡣
Ϊ㲻ˣԣԲܹ㣡
ĻشǳɫԺΧĺɫչ̽ԵĹ
аŭ̽ӿڵ˵仰ƲԼɱˣҲ壬Ҳߣ
ǲߣֹʲôأĻôͻȻˣʱ𣿡
ʵа̱ͷʹû뵽Լʹ־ܶˣǺã
δаķʣǳɫ濪ʼ̽Եܱߵĺɫһ̽ŷɫĹ֮ȻǳɫҲ޷е
޷ɣ̽ǳɫ澹ȻϨһ֣ɫͬʧһ֣ľԭ׺⣬аҲԼǳɫ档
㲻ҪΪĻѾ޵ˣڱİ£ĻҲˡҪԻ湥ֺξ֮Уб£ԣ
аȻʱ䣬ֻеȶԷļӳЧʧˣԼʮİնԸ
˭˵һҪʹûйأ
˵ͬʱĻ˲ʧӰ٣սҲƾնһֳֽһֻкȻ˽ɫĹȨȡ
ɫĹȨһ֣ⷨаע⣬ƾⷨɫавõԤУⷨȻöԸ
Ȼ㲻ͱԺͣǾݹֱֺݶаڴˣʲôֶζ޷ͨϡ
аЦצͬʱţһźɫƾճҫ֮УЩɫѸٵĳаӿ룬ȻϽС
ô
ɵȻеĹȨȻ˻Ρ
ԭаֺɫҫģ嵹Ǻܹ죬Ȼǿ󡣡
аһֱ۲ΧӵĺɫԪؾ߱ڵʣƺԼĻһ㣬ɹ˿ء
ȻɫƺΪǿǰаʱЩɫ鲼аΧһȻԽаƽֶ֤ͣ˺ɫǿ
ַԾȻԵʵʹ⵹Щ˼飬ңɫԵֵʽĹ
а֪Ҳ޷γвڴʱⰵʱ䣬ֻҪסʱǽǳˡ
аڣͺñʹ˫нҲ˫ɱ˵ˣҲԼɱˡ
źɫԽԽ࣬ĴҲƺԽȻı飬ʱҲо½ƣӳЧҪʼ𲽼ˡ
²˳٣øϽа
аһָ߾ٹȨȣǽɫȨɢһҫ۵Ľâ
ٻ
źɫȻһһٵĵͺȵǣһɫĹâӹȨг
ǽâͨȨʩչٻԶԣʱʵаʹٻԽǿߣʱԹȨֱʩչٻյȼ
ߣҪٻİ̸ף
аߵרעĿڵİ׼Դж
һٻǽâƺƴ󣬶ڽâ֮󣬺ɫδ˿аɷһĿЦ
ˮٴʹٻڶâֵķΧԽԽ㣬аҲɰԽš
ǵڶνâһź󣬺ɫȴ˿٣аҲһ˶ͷ­
ٻҲ̫ѷɫ˰ɣ
а಻סĴȻΣǲ֪ʲôطʱʩչٻ书о͸оˬ
аٸһ⣬Ͳãһˮͷģѽ仰ûУС˵ɪдѣ
˵ٴμȨȣγɵƸΪúƴǽɫĹâһֱӹȨΧȥҪаſڸǡ
ΪȨðĽâǿʢΧĺɫҲˣһâаĿзƺͬһѶһ㣬ֻǰεĴײ꣬аһηиΪȻԼ޿κΡ
ٻҺûü̸磬ôʹٻٻǿ󣬱ʹҪǿ˰ٱֹ
аԸ̾ȵ飬ȴסеľȣû˵Ϊ뱻а֪


1126 
ʫ΢ЦаɢĽɫâ֪ʹģ׺ȴЩĵ֮ɫΪԼʹļӳʱҲʼ½ˡ
Ѿʼ½֮УӰ첢ر
ãȻĿٻ
аûнٻһ£ʱȴѣΪһİѾ˲ʧȥ˿ơ
ʵ£ٻ͹ƣοеĹȨȻܹٻΪǿ
һΣûʹٻֻӣڵڶΣΪаԼٻˡ
ڣɢĽɫâʹٻ
ٻڱǹȨԶԺбԶڶȨȵʹüܣٻзǳǿһҪʹΪģǶʵĶ֣ٻöԷֲ
ȨȵĽɫâԼĪһҵİˣ֮󣬽ɫĹâڿкȻһЩè󣬴ʱڽɫâš
ֻһ˲ĹаѾڶవʧȥϵѸٵаһͷĿѣٴһŨŨҺ塣
ЩҺֱƹȻѸٵľаľ޿գ֮㻯ΪһƬɫѪ
ôӵӺƴˣ
аѪ󣬷ŭǹɰڽâзƺҪͼƬɫâ֡
˵һʹݣⷬԶȸղŵ˲ƴսҪյĶࡣ
ɣռ˾޴ƣһ㣬а޷ȡҲԲʲôǶȡһ֣ڴ˳״̬£аȻڶ㣬ɵͬʱǿķЧһİȡôаصķɣʵˣһʧȥ˶Կǳɫ
ʱ˵Ҫνһߴ̽䣬ⲽ߶ˣǾʤԶˡ
ٻȻЧȨɢĺâѾԼĪһİȫסЩѾ˲䱻жϵò˶ãԼԿⲿֶ
аץѣƴҪ¿ǱâֵİǣȴƾܹƵģһʱ֮䣬ǰڽɫɫ֮Ѹתš
аϲֵĹȨٴλ˻Σһâ𣬽ЩԭѾѵİڻ֡
ɶ񣡡
аоͷĿѣԷʱⷴǼΪֲġ
΢΢һĨЦ⣬һʹٻεĵЧѾаϾ˶ذǲ룬ʵǲܡ
ǰͬ˽ɫı־ʱȻ׷׳ŽɫɫתһᣬЩٻѾȫаˡ

ĺȵǽѸٵĳȻ壬ͣ
գ֮䣬аİ㱻ԼĪһ룬ʱǷǳݵģԣаƵĵط
ΪķɣаܹܵԼʵ½һأаٴα־
Ὣʢ׷ܣ
ȻȵֵĹȨٴɢɫĹââǳаһŰֶȥ
а󾪣һЩɫ֮Уʱʧ
ӵ˺Ӳ
һֳֹȨȣһֳֽɫɽΧǽâ֣һʱ֮䵽һȫµ۷塣
˵仰аȥ׼ȥɱаı塣
аıͶһķ֮УʱԼĸȥд󾪣һһӰӳϯȥ
չ˲ƣһȻ죬а͵һιȻǿ˹а弸ơ
бսɵСˡ
аеľԽԽǿңΪʱ˿̣ƺûʲôֹܹΪΪˣԼղԾϮû뵽Լ壬аʧγɵˡ
˵ͶС˺ܶ࣬СҲֻԵСʱа壬ȻСϺܶࡣ
ಣ
ܵһӰа壬ϵĲýƣڼ̵ʱֹǵӰӡ
аıʱӵ⣬ȴʹƷڷڡ
֮һ޷Ƶˣô˱ȡ״̬ˣʱˣ¼ӳЧԽԽȻаԵЩ޿κΡ
ǰڰаǱڲԶʱԵþʧ룬Ȼ͸ӣҲ޷ӳȣаĿɱ֮
аҫطİڶ˦ڣֻϧֻаһԸ뷨ѡ


1127 
ʧȥ˱壬еʧֹǷ޽ֲǣʧȥ˱壬ҫ󷨱Ϊ̣ʱһķʵҲȱҫ󷨵ӳ֡
аĹؼڣʱѾ޷ֹɱԼı塣
һѾаı壬аıڽһǣǿ־˿µһ㣬Ⱦ־塣
ಣ
һɺɫѸٵĳ˽֮УȻɵаΧаΨһˣϣȫİȫ
ٻ
ԥľȨȣһâٴνǺɫ֡
һΣĽ֮ڣɫ޷ֵٻǿƣȻȫ
ЦһͻȻǣֱǵаĴСչ˲ơ
ٹҾԪԱˣ
а־ĺ
ԪԱҪԪԱķҲܵ޴ӰɣڣǱٵڣ
˵γаһƽаǿѹ£Ƕá
Ȼֻһαȴ̫ɪˣ
˵ͬʱɽѾаնɱȥ
аֵĻᶼûУ޷ԱȻһնΪأǾ޴ͷ­ڵغ˫кŷŭ벻ʡ
ಣ
аѾնıͷ­Ȼַ˱壬գۼָԭе״̬
ɱӵģ
аıŭĺ
Եĸܵа츳Ҳܵնͷ­½ʮԡ
˵аʱԼ㱻նɱ˼Σʵ
ɱҵҪԣ
һȻѾаǰһȭݺݵаͷ­аҽһֻʹ̡
аʵʱʵأʵ̫һȭ㽫аԴɷ飬аķʵ̫ǿֻһȭԱͷ
ն
ķɽٴλâаͷ­ն£аЦһ׼ָͷ­ʱȻȻٴγˡ
Ҫ
аĺѹ£޿κΡ
ɣҪʬΣ
еĽڿвϵĻʱٶȣһٹŽ⽣նаϵǼ⣬а壬Ӧϡ
һĽаıѾΪɰǧϣһаַܹ߱ȴҲ޷Ͽ
䣡
ȭͷڿб㳯аȭһѪģаı岻ϵըѣ弸ˣ븴̸ף
ڣаǸ߰ͷ­Ҳ޷𣬶һ־Ԫ֮ǰ
ﬣ
Ӳ׹ʱаǿֲȴڱ屻ɱ£Ԫ֮ϲ־û
ǼȻȴҪаʱ˿̣ǼȣνǸӺˡ
Ľ֮£аԪ֮ҲѣʱЩ㶵
ǳɫһһǽѾѸٵĽаıԪΧ˫ʵ£аԪҲûа취ԭء
㣬
аԪεģĵ糾͸ȴΪ˱а壬аѾɱаԪҲв֮С
ӮͽСӣӮͽдаһŹ𣿡
ЦŷʵһУаıԪѾǳɫַɵ֮С
㣬Ұɣ
аԪʱֻܹģļӳѸٵʧſһаıԪ븹С
ǳɫ濪ʼѸٵĻۣԻԪ֮壬Ѿ죬ʱ½֮УԪ֮ٶȱҪȴǰࡣ
ʱʵаıʵҪǿ̫࣬аԪ֮ҲԼ򵥣ʹõĲ޷ǱǷֽ⣬Ѹɡ
Ҫ
аһķҫطǾ޴ȶڷ
졫˺СаĴ
ʫڵѸٵķˣʱ׺ʵҲ𽥻ָʵѾʫ֮£Ȼ֮ʵǿģʱ˫ֳֽڶߡ
˹ؼʱ̣飬аıԪչѸɣɿ˵ڶ̶֮ɵġ
ڽаıԪ֮󣬺һĲҽУаΪİڶ
һᱨģӼסˣ
аʱһı仯ŵа겻塣
ԪаʱӰ첻ֻ̫ҫ󷨵ӰȴǾصġ


1128 
ȱ˱֮ʱҫ󷨵ҲͲΪ̣ʧӰ٣аһıʵҲ˲½½ٶȱϼӳ½Ҫ
аûᱨˣ
аϲԼ½ԶԶаҪö࣬ʱձа˲½ʵÿһ½˫ͬ½ռ˼Եơ
Լٶа׼аһķڽ
ಣ
ķɽɢǳɫ֮նа֮У⴦طǡаĵطһ֮Уƿһ޴ĿĽ̴аĸ
һ޴˿аĸ֣ɫѪҺ˿֮ⳡԵʮֹ졣
а屻նɱɣеķŭѾϲ֮ķһࡣ
аƵǣԼ޷ΪԼڣǣһ˫Ⱥ˫۵ˣƺѰҵ˹Ŀڡ
ҪĪ
аһķ֮ѾµΪһ˼аʵ½Ӧõֵס
ͷô񣡡
ȵɽٴδаնһȷŵһ󣬹λͬаĸ֮
аѾ𸹲ƬƬǿķģʽֻȴȻ޷ֵĽ
ǡȥɣ
аڿһ󣬺˲ƶ
ڣóѼƣ
һʫ׺ǰ˫ַɽͬʱаնһɫĽһɫĽһһնǰĿС
а˲ƺ󣬱Żɱȴϱȹ
ôôǿ󣡡
аҪץˣצͬʱֳɶȥֵĽһ֣ҽһ徹ȻĽʮɡ
һ˵УԽţȵаڣɣ
аһķҫ֮Уֻеֵ֮޻ֻ֮аʵ½̫࣬ȥǱ׺ʩչ˼ӳһлаһı֮ˡ
Ҳ֮УϼӳѸ½âӿֳȼյǳɫ档

аһķҽгǱްڻ棬Իһֻ¾Ҫǳɫ˲ɱ塣
ɱа
׺ȵʵѾָˣзɽѸٵԶնа
ɱа
ʫͬȵдʥͬʱնа
ŮڽͬʱеսҲڷУ˫ַɽסаܵķλ
ģӺƴˣаץĺ
ⲿаڷŻаʱѡ񣬾ܣҲûаİա
˵ĹаԵֵڲ£ǿֲγɵаֵһ嶯ľ
лιӰа廯ΪģͬʱͺһȻֱݡ
ˣܺã
һѾаĿжݳаҺһȫǳɫİΧ֮Уڶ⣬аʧȥ˵ֵ
֮ʱһ¶аһʫͬʱ¡
ڴ󶨣аʧȥ󷨵ıӻһʧȥ˷Ļᣬһȵа㽫
һж˫ַɽԽаĶƵģһ׺ʫĺΧҪܡ
δ֣ΪĽɫажȡ֪᲻Ϊаʧ
ЩͺˣʱҲΪһ
аȻ㿪ʼоγոɫΪá
սģʽʱϽֱ˵аȻʮԣʱʵѾγ˾ʵƣÿһбشааԵ޿κΡ
ոɫȴڴʱ֮УʱǡÿϿȻŲٰһϾϿա
ȨٴʩչٻʧȥаƵİ׵ıסˡ
һƬɫʼ־ϿգʱԿЩȴ޷ڣ⵹Ǹʮص⡣
ѵЩ뷨ͬҲҪѪɣ
к뵽ȻϵļɫѪҺɫѪҺǽɫʱЩɫľɫѪҺһᣬЩɫȻʼһܵѹһ㡣
ԭҪѪЩɫ
̾Щɫ۳һСʱ͵¡֮ԭ췣ڴʱʼۡ


1129 
ý֮ǰһЩɫѸٵɢٶȽȵϿȫڸסˣǣ췣ļѸʧˡ
΢΢һЦȲһƣȻٴνǽɫ۳һţƳһ۾ȣаһѾնɱ
аŭٴþȷȴÿһۣΪʧȥ󷨵ıӻʧȥ˺ļܣаΪ壬˴ʱʵ㹻Ըаķ
Ƭ֮аĶͬʱɱԪ֮ķ壬ʱ˲Ƴȥ
ҪԪԱô㵱ٲڰ
ಣ
˵˲䣬һаԪ֮㱻ץУЩԪȴǸոձոĽɫɫ£аԪ֮Ҳ޷ܣԪԱǸǲܡ
ȻԼˣغҪң
ȥ
˵һɽâƵǵԪ֮ҲסãаԪ֮һΧǽɫ
а䵽ҵľأǺڲѣʱ֪ЧȻһ仰Ҳû˵
ҲаԪϻ֮븹УѸٷָаԪ֮ʱаķԪ֮ſʼĺУģȵȲһ㡣
ѾаԪУΧâҫ
˵Ȼ֪ڽԪ񣬵һԾȺ
ֱ֮˫ۣ֮͸ϲ֮ɫ
һΣԭܿаڶԪ֮壬ԳûɵԪ֮һһŻ߻ħҲΪһεԪõ׼
ɲϣϲϣ
溬Ц⣬һھȵսԼɱ˵аո˽ɫһ׺Ĺϵˡ
֮⣬ɷɹʮֲ
ڳ徻ˣаļڴʱҲʧӰ٣ʱ׺Ѿʼʩչ
һ̹ƮɢЩâѸٵھȸӣһھȵĸطֳ
һ¸֮У¹ɽ֮һֱ£ǣȱ㱻¹֮¡
Ǵǰаƾȵʱ¹͸ɽ֮У׺Ȼ֮£ͬһɴɽ֮УԭһƬĵȻЩɫֲ￪ʼۿɼٶЩֲǿĴʯͷ
аˣ
ʫп
ǰҪаɱ
΢Ц˵ݵֱֱĶһҲеС
׺ʩϣ㰲һԣŵЦ⣬ʱնɱ˵а׺ûɲġ
Ҫҵƨһ὾ģǺǣΣնɱаǴһͨĹͣûкնɱа̸ףߣûʫʫʱֹаܣҲԳնɱаԣСŶӼŬĹ͡
˵һ仰˵Ůͬʱ¶Цĵͷǣ
磬֪һȥη
ʫѯʵ
ɽ磡
ԥĻش˫ɽϿգƺ˼ʲô
ʲô֮ݣ磬ûЦɣ
ȵ
ʫ¶ϲɫΪߣܹɽ̣м
ߣɽη壬ȻԵʵģͼԴɽ磬ȴԶҲز
ûЦأô㲻һͬǰ
ʵ
жʮּɵ֪ȥ£һҧ϶˵ô棬ôԴأֻҪܹһǰҾη塣
˶Աȷ׺Եúƽֻǵͷ˾
ɽȿУ¹⻷Χ׼ȥ֮ʣͻȻЩа׽Ůū
һָһ׹⣬ǣһȺȺŮھ˷֣ЩŮǰھбūŮӡ
ŮӣͻȻھȺһΪ˵ĵطŻ
˵˿еˣپΪˣϾ˵ʾѣʱƾھУԲͨĽɫ
ŮȻвҿ϶аڲھУѡ񾲹䡣
֪Щ˴ԥ֮УаѾҵɱˡ

аˣ
үڿˣ
ͬʱ¶ϲ֮ɫʱֻͨһһŮӹڵأֵ˵л˾֮
ͨͨ
һƬ޲ϲл
ʫֻһۣµô£׺ʱһ˿ɡ


1130 
˭£Ҿɱ˭
Ȼ˵׷û˻Ļ
磬ǿΪ
а˲Ҳӵľ֣ʱ򣬰Ҳ
΢΢һЦͻȻ˲ʧˣгһӰЩӰ֮࣬ЩӰζͬʱŮ׷¶ϲ֮ɫΪԵʵڴʱָˡ
ǿҪΪ֮˭ˣ³аһ㣡
˵󣬶ŮЦЦ߰ɣ
ɽϿգѸȥֻһϲŮߡ
úɽбȼսŮȻΪչ˷սȻҲвŮ߹ϵ뿪˾ȡ
˷еķѾת䣬ĿĵǾһݡݡ
ݣųƾǿһݣͬʱҲһݡ
ݣߣħߣߣǿ
ģǿĳɡһԪڵɽ֮
Ѿħ磬Щص£ǵִ磬ռǿһա
ɱʹа֪֮Լ뿪ˡ
һ·ǰУ˰ʱ䣬ڵִıԵش
ɽ磬ڱ߽شޱߵɳĮشɳĮͷ޾һ㣬˵ĸоǱȴ󺣻Ҫ
ɳĮԵÿǧһϵʯʯֻ켸֡硯
һ޴ʯ֮ǰפ㣬ʯֻֻ֣֪һı߽磬⣬κ˵
ĺɫǰޱ޼ʵɳĮЩΪֻҪޱɳĮͽִһݡݡ
ʱ˿̣ȻʦӣͬʱҲӿ˶ԺųƾݵһšһԪڵĿ
ʦҺܿҪˣһԪڣҾҪˣ
ź˫ȭһǿεĴɢ
ŮЩȻ֪Ϊڴʱˣ٣ܾʱٳּ̬
߰ɣֻҪƬɳĮֱݣ
ľܿƽ΢Ц˵
磬Ƭǰ򵥡˴ԻϻɳĮħı߽磬ﴩйȥɽĵ̡ȻΪɽıԵشԾױͨġ
ѵһƬ֮ɫƺǰĶϻɳĮΪɵ
ϻɳĮֺ֣ѵϻɳĮᶪ˻겻ɣǲϻɳĮ
סȲҪͨƬɳĮĳ嶯У΢Цʵ
طҶԽ룬ߣݡĪ˵˵Ƿͨͨݵ߷ֻ֣Ҹ޷ɽ㡣
ЦڵʵѸ٣ȻɽɵѣΪųƾǿɡһԪڱݡ
磬Թʵһ˵ҵˣϻɳĮǽ֮أû˿Դͨɽ硣
ʫҲ̾Ϣֳ
ߣҲ֮ĶϻɳĮر˽⣬ȴߣ֮ص̫ˡɽʵǿĵطΪһԪڵžݡɲҪΣ˵һԪڣһɶԿеǿɣʧأΧһԪڵĸʧһԪȻݲ
˵˵ȥݵߣʵǿıصһԪڡһԪڵػɽ磬ûħ˸̤ɽأһ˸Ҵ룬Ѿעֻ·һ
һԪڵļɵԱⷴаЦԼʦһԪڵĺĳϣһԪԽǿԼĺôԽࡣ
׺һֱ˵̸Щ鲢˽⣬ֻǰţϵıͣ΢΢һĨǳǳĻȡ
ֻ׺һۣ֪ҪһֱԼǰʲôطĪ׺ԣһв޲֮ͬ
Ҳ˵ΣһԪڵǿɽǿϻɳĮʲôֱӵϵ
Цʵ
ƺûϻɳĮ㹻ӣЩ꣬˵ɽǾǿĵطǽֹκ˴ħı߽ͨɽ磬ԣϻɳϲ쳣ʵΣķ֪ж˻ڴˣԻϻɳĮ
ҵ˽⣬ǧ֪꣬жΪʵǿ˴ϻɳĮȴûһ˿Էأ룬ЩӦϻɳĮ֮С
ôаҵһԣ
֮⣬ûбŵеĺġ
ǿߣǿʤ֮ģʱҲδףʱԶϻɳĮȤΪŨ񣬺봳УȥʶһߵֶΡ


1131 
ߣҰ˵ˣ㣬ȰȰ磬طĲǿԵģ
ˣæʫĸ첲˵
磬ƵɽԵɽ磬룬õĻֻȼȡ֤ͨ׵İ취ߵݣֻҪȡ֤ͨɳݡ
ʫ˵Ҳ֪ܲȰס
ԣ⣬Ȼһ룬ֻһ˵أҲԸ⿴ɣ
ʹɱﵣҪЮ
һϻɳĮҪһҪһԲ㵥䣡ѵƾ˵ʵ޷ͨϻɳĮ𣿡
ǰĶϻɳĮжȻһɺҲ֮ǡ
ʫһۣʱЩΣԶ˶˽⣬￴ʱ˼
磬ȷҪϻɳĮ𣿡
ʫ̾˿жϻɳĮʶ࣬ȴҲ֪ҪȥðյΪ
ȷҾԲᱻƬɳĮֹ
ͷ϶˵

̾˿ԭ¶һ𴳵ݣֻٽϻɳĮԵʱһݵηֹסͷ
ǧ֪жǿ߳ϻɳĮǣϻɳĮѶӴھʧ١
磬Ҷ˵ϻɳĮô򵥣һ룬ȴ޷ִϻɳĮΪһһ룬ᱻϻɳĮĽƷֻֿܹڶϻɳĮǰСʵǲ㣬ԣҷֱͨɽ뷨ԸѡƵ
ͬ϶˵
ԣ֪ϻɳĮĿֻܹ֮룬еѶӣԭ룬׺һ룬һл˳˭֪Ȼֻܹ롣
Ƶ
룬Ƶʵ̫ңԶԣƵҪ֤ͨʵ̫鷳ˣԶֱӿԽɳĮѸ١
磬ҲѡƵ
ʫԥһѡаһϲΪʫľı뷨
Ƕ˶Ƶôأôģ
ѯ
һ£ҪϻɳĮ̽һŻ
׺һֱܰʱǶϻɳĮ˫΢գƺڸʲôǣ˾ȴ׺̽
ͬʱҲ̽̽ϻɳĮڶʱڣʫ֮̽󣬵˶ϻɳĮ֮еǿɣֹͣ̽顣
ҲܵһɾɣջʶҲΪϻɳĮض𾪣ⲻ֪Ǻδǿ˲õĽֹϻɳĮȥֻһƬʵȴƷָڶ򣬶ңôֱ˲һͽƣƵǿޱȣֱӷϻɳĮ
Ƕû°ɣ
еʵ
ɫͬʱҡͷʱ׺Ȼ̽ϻɳĮ׺ֱǸĴڡ
ϻɳĮǿƣʣңΪֻܹ̽ϻɳĮһСط̽飬ٻḶСĴۣ׺ȴԼ̽ϻɳĮ
ʵ̫ŹˣҲûκΰտͨ˵أ
׺ɫ΢Щ԰ף֮ɢž֮ɫҡͷ˵
֪㷢ʲô
Ȼʵ
ϻɳĮʮֹ죬Сϵ£ӳһ塣Щӵ쳣˴󣬱ζŴƣھᷢʲô飬Ҳ޷ԤϡҵһᵽΣյϢ̫ˣҲðգѡƵ
׺˵ĻҲ˼֮УϾ׺ʮĪģûаͨϻɳĮ˵˵صն
ʫаϲһ˶ѡƵǰݣôƺҲ÷ͨϻɳĮ뷨ˡ
һҪϻɳĮľķǿˡ
ƵɽǰݣϻɳĮǰݺһǰӭǡ
Щ˵
һ飬˿Ըı䡣һ԰ȫͨϻɳĮģ
Щˣʱ֪ԼȰ治ЧȻѾ˾Ǿ¸ҵǰɣ
ʫȦͺˣû뵽ʱҪֵʵЩͻȻ
磬أһҪСģ
ʫҲѡ֧ľǵ˵
磬һݱ߽㣬ڻ֣Ҿ㿴
ЩĹĵ˵
һʱŮǿŽҪˮ
磬أѾһԣһͨϻɳĮġ
׺΢Ц˵֮˵һǲʫģǸǿġ
ҲأԺϣǿԺƽദǧ֣һġ


1132 
ɵЦ
ϻɳĮ֮⣬¹ˮ棬֮£һ°ĺӰһߴʯԡ
ʫѾ뿪׼Ƶǰݣһֱ˵ӰʧԶʡ
ϣʫʫܹƽƽ˵ʵǰݣʵ֮£ӦòʲôΣհɣ
аΪ˵İΣȻȻ뵽Դţˡ
ʱ֯
ŵʱڣݵֹ߽ͣŬʵȻÿҲǾݵĲп״һǿʳ硣
ÿ֮УܻĶǾ¶ˣ˶ˣôûи
ԸţȵҲƽƽģ֮ʱϣҪҵ״
˵˵뿪ΪοΪ˵ǣʱͻȻŴƽꡣ
ǴﵽΪȻоܶ޷ƿأͱ˵İΣһУҲ֮С
ðɣ֮죬ڼʱǿ󲻵áи˵컯ϣǼ࣬ҵҲûκôġҪϻɳĮ£ҲһڶϻɳĮ֮Уڴ֮ǰȥĸʦŰɣ
뵽¶һݵЦ⣬ƾʧԭء
ȵٴγʱȴһŮӣ顣
ںеһʱѾ統ǰƼݣҡ
ʱ¹ˮϣϵӯӯЦΪƽ˼ɫ
м꣬Σ¶ģֻܹӦҪ
磬ģһȡϴεĽѵúչԼġ
ӯӯЦ˫ȥ͸żᶨ֮ɫ
ľһȫ֧㣡츳ɾ͵֮£㲻еղļޡסҲʱҪСġҲҪΣڵһλаյ顣У¶ȫʵһģ򲻵ѣ¶ȫϸ
ðɣǧһһ֮ĵ·ߵĸԶģ
˵ⷬеѾ࣬ϾΣպ󣬻ݶԴģ˵ǳһվøߡ
΢΢һ£жĸ鲢ױ¶ڶ˫ԵУȴʤ
磬á
ֻ˵̶̼֣ȴзᣬϵЦŨˣΪ뽫Լһչǰ
ӣۼӱ˼ֳйء
֪УѾ߱Ůĳ죬ȻӲʣǣȴܹܵĳɳ켣
Ҫúõģ
˵ʱ鲻ԽĻС
˽ӵĸоܺãʱ󣬶˲ŷֿ
磬ˣģһŬģһҵʱһҵ㣬۸ʲôۣ
֮ѡ뿪ȴΪԼʵĽ򣬵ȵԼȴȻͣݡ
סϣǧҪѡһҲҪ꣬Ժ֮ڡ
οЦЦͷȻͬ㳯Զȥ
Ҳ̤Լ;ˣҪðգⲻôðգѸٵҴ˴ϻɳĮѵһð𣿡
ҡҡͷȻǰɫ°ĶϻɳĮԽƽȴԽԵΣķ
ϻɳĮˣ
գȻǶϻɳĮȥһ̤϶ϻɳĮֻͬһȫµһ㣬Χ徹Ȼܵһ޿ɵֵѹǰĳҲȫıˡ
ϻɳĮȻ֣
а̾ǹɴ֮£徹Ȼѹ˾ʮɵĸ߶ȡ
ɴ£оҪڿУķѵǱƽʱʮǵɳĮͬһ㣬ʱȻϯʮɵĸ߶ȡ
˾Ѿʮ㣬ɳĮƾվʮɣΧȫɳγɵ˻
˱赲ҵȥ·𣿡
˵ڿУƾɳϮ壬ЩԣȫԱܡ
ɳֻһ˶ѣڴ˵ͣӣһֲ쫷ӭ
һ쫷ɳŷļӳЧ쫷£Χ׷׳תɳˣЩתɳ˳ֵʵڹͻȻһֱɳĮ쵽ʮɵĸ߿գܱ߽ǸתĻɫɳˡ
ľƽͣʶѾʼΧ̽飬һ˲̽飬һЩɳ˾ȻֹԼ̽飬Ҳ̽鵽ʮɷΧڣʶΪ̡
߿յѹȻҪϸ߿ԶɳˣⲢ򵥣ΪҪķѸ


1133 
ķи߶汣ʮң쫷ļӳЧɳʮɵĸ߶ȣһɳ¹Ҳӿɳˡ
һϻɳĮַȻδ춯Ҫȷֱ淽Ѱǰĵ·
¹ⱻסЩжԼλãΧǷɳѡԭء

ݵ˲䣬쫷ƺǿˣɳĴҲɱӡ
ಣ
ʹ˲ƣȴһ˲ƾȻֻƶʮҵľ룬˲ƣĵҲΪţȻ˲Ƶϰٱ
һսԵĵط
͵ĳշҡϣϿɢǿѹҲԽǿʮҵĸ߶ʱٶٴʮֹ
һ˲䣬Ѹٵ½ָԭеľʮҸ߶ȣͣ塣
¶˿ңʱ˿̣ľȻƽӭѹϷУһнƵѹȣԹ۲¹⣬ǿյλãԱ
ĳǿֻ˲㽫λסˣԭ벢޶ٲ𣬱ͨϻɳĮǰݵĵ·
ѹϻɳĮ˵ôа²һ룬򶼷ֲֻܹҴɳĮ޴쫷ɳ޼ɵ£Ҳ᳹ʧϻɳĮ֮С
侲зţܿ쫷ɳȫµʶÿһε쫷ɳ󣬵ҪдԽЩ쫷ɳȴĲ
ڿУҪ쫷ɳ֮ǰУҪÿһεĵĲ࣬˭֪쫷ɳжأһֱȥ㴳ǿҲᱻãã쫷ɳ
һˣôϻҲԶˣһ㣬Ѿʶˡ
Χ쫷ɳγ˻ʱתÿɣһ쫷ɳ
ʼǰˣܿ㷢ִԽЩ쫷ɳķѵ
쫷ɳǹ̶ģܶͻȻγɵģǰܿҲף쫷ɳ֮⣬ǽҪֱγɵĿ񱩷ķѵࡣ
Ƭ֮ѾԽڶ쫷ɳǰȻߵ쫷ɳԽĲر󣬵ٶ࣬Ҳܲסãã쫷ɳ
Ȼ޷ǰУҾͶɳĮǰУҲ򵥣
뵽ʼǱĵǱ룬ǱɳĮʮ֮һɿֲӵص״Խ£Խǿֲ
ܿ죬㷢ϻɳĮ쫷ɳԶԶʮô򵥣طûнʵĵ棬еɳڸתУԽ£ĵࡣ
ಣ
Щεķɻԭеĸ߶ȣѡһٵĸ߶ȡ
ǰеͬʱܹģǲϣͨնĶϻɳĮ
뵽һٴδǰһֱʮҵľ޴쫷ɳ֮С
ӽһ˲䣬ѡ쫷ɳͬй켣δʹʱתһһȦȻŽ쫷ɳתȣ΢΢ƿ˴쫷ɳ
ķʽǰУٶٽԼһϣΪתʽټ˴쫷ɳ뿪쫷ɳڵ
Ҳͬ쫷һתأ֪᲻Լ
ҲʱתȻٴǰʱٲż٣вɰϲ
ǣʱѰҵ˴Խֲ쫷ɳĽݾڡ
һ·תУ쫷γɵɳƺֹһ㣬ԽԽǿֲס
쫷γɵɳֱﵽʱ쫷ٶȵԽһͷǿ׳Ұ˺ѡ
һҲҵתٶҲ𽥼ӿ죬ּѵУ֪Ѿתҹ
ĪϻɳĮȫ쫷繹ɵģֻ¼֮󣬴ϺҪڴˣ
а뵽Ϊ½֮һڲյԶȴ΢΢
ٴһ쫷ɳʱһǰι
ಣ
һ޴ι޻ӵصһ㣬ȻϢһȭϮ
ʲô
Ȼתţתٶȱܿι޵Ĺ
꣡
һ˻Ǿ޴ι޷Ƭɱȭ˲佫ȫ֡
սףһβδܣѡӲӶԷĹ
䣡
ֻöԷĹԼϲȻֻдڵʵ
ʵᣬƾսױԵֵĽ
ѡŹͷιޣĽһ쫷ɳ
һΣȻһι޳쫷ɳУЩιģƣǵȴɳһ㣬ɳĮɫͬ
ܣٴԼĪʮ쫷ɳι겻ɢȻһֱڹԼǣЩι޵ʵڲϵһιĹѾӽɳڵΪˡ


1134 

תʱһȭǰһιޣһҽУǿܱһȭҡ
ȻûԪ֮壿
һ̽󣬵ЩˣԭЩι˹졣
һΪģǲƾնɣ
뵽ͻȻһŭǱҵι޾ȻѸٵ飬ȻԼŷ
ʲô飬ȥɣ
һɱιޣǹ̵ʱڼ飬ȡ
ɱΣҪÿɱһΣѸӣɱι޶κʵȻﵽ˵ɺڵΪ
ʲôɱһΣǿһΣҿ
аķ˵ɱǱɱι޾ȻﵽɳڵΪ
Ǳ̬ǲӻ𣿡
仰æ쫷г˳ȥһ쫷ʱȻֳһιޣ֮ǰι޼ȫ֣ǸԼɱειҲڡ
볷ʱЩι޺ͬʱſһɫ
ûЧ
˵仰Լ类ʩ˶һ㣬תٶȾȻͻȻࡣ
ȵ뿪ʱһȺιͬʱЩһֹҲﵽɳڵʵַͬʱвϵǻɫ
ɱЩմȾϺŷֶԼӰܴ󣬾ȻֱӼԼٶȡ
ٵҿһȺ̬Ĺ˭ģ
ЩŭˣϾԼֻ;˵أЩιȴϵĹԼ
ԩ޳𣬼ȻǹңǾͱ飡
ֹסת֮ƣֳι޻ȥʱһϽɫ˲佫Щι֡

һȺι޷Ĳҽ쳣ɳ屻Ͻɫ˲ڻֳһ˿Ц⡣
ǱҵģҲң
ոս仰˵꣬һ´Щɳƺֿʼڿˡ
ĶϻɳĮʲô⣬ô涼ղأϽɫôҲʧܰɣ
Щץˣ쵽Щι¸ʱʵȻһΣǸԼɱĴειޣʱʵѾﵽˡ
һǱ˿Ƶģĸ̬б³һȺιޣ湻˵ģƵŭ
СӣϷעܾˣ㻹ʡлɣûзϷο޺ܺѽ
һϵȻ쫷ɳĵײд󾪣ʶ̽ȥȴֻ̽鵽һѸιޡ
飬Ѿ˲٣ϻɳĮι޵ĹȴȻЩֲ
Щι޳ͽ⣬ɶϻɳĮеɳɶɣҪЩι¸ĻЩι޼Ȳķ룬Ҳߣħߵķ롣
ꡭ
ڶιſڱһɹɻɫЩڿ쫷Ѹٵ
аѸٵļɫĻâЩιɫ
ãЩɫ̫ˣȻմȾڻâϣҲٵӰ졣
ڴ˵ؼͣϧѸٵĴԽƬ쫷ɳ
ٴγһ쫷ɳ֮ʱвŭΪЩ겻ɢιٴγ쫷ɳ֮УЩι޵һ
ЩιſڱǻɫЩ൱ɵΪǰЩɫմȾҪһٶȣ˼ӱġ
ಣ
֪ɱЩιֻܹǵʵǿϧչ˲ơ
ʧ˲䣬ЩιҲͬʱʧˣһиԵùޱȡ
ӺٴγԭأȴǸû˲뿪
Щһ϶˿Ƶģһ·ңҪķҵӶֹͨϻɳĮֻЩһ̿ǲô
аţڴ˵س룬ûιޣϲɸֳһĨصЦ⣬˳ʱ뷽ת·ȴ˳УȻΪ˰ι޵ľ
Ȼһ·߲ͨǾƵʱ뷨ֻҪЩιޣԼŸпͨϻɳĮ
СӣЩ˼Ϸþû˴Ĵˣ
ڶϻɳĮеһޣһªéݣʱһϥ˫ۺĹâéеĹԽˡ
о͸һ˿ϲɫƺΪȤһ㣬˲Զһɳ̡
ɳ֮ϣһɫĹâţһСɫĹâ
Ȼοܵ׷٣Ȼмֱ¡ȻϷָЩοɣ
˷һˬĴЦһ䣬һɳ֮ϣѸٵɳƶ


1135 
Ҳµιƿأֻȴ벻ֻ⵱һϷˡ
˳һѾѡһղŴƽ״̬µ·һԽʮ쫷ɳҲûι޵ľ
вڽϻɳĮѡ񣬴ҲףҪͨϻɳĮ£ԼҪһܹٶȵֵݡ
ǰȻޱ޼ʵ쫷ɳҲȫ²͸ó̻ж೤ֻҪǼᶨʵһ·ǰ
ʱٴιޣʼʩҪƵУֻһƵȴ˸ιޡ
ι޵ʵôǻɫȴι޵ӣҲӡ
ÿһαմȾɫٶѸٵ½ֻкķѸܹǰٶȡ
һΣƵҲʧȥãǣǿдȥЩιޱɱĻᣬҲʩչǻɫĻᡣ
Ƭ֮ЩιƺѾ߱˸ǻۣȻԼԽ֮ǰѾͷŻɫһʵ̫ˡ
СմȾĻɫԽԽ࣬ٶıǰϸ࣬ԵԽ
ɱãӲЩһǷˡ
бһӻ𣬴ûôʱֻܹѡһ·Уٶȼһǰֹ
ٶȣҵ㽫ĵĲ࣬ʱ򣬾ûЩι޵׷٣ֻҲԼǰС
˼ţо״ʮգΪԼļתУι޵Ҳﵽٸ
ٸιǰɢĻɫЩɫڼѾʮˡ
Ҳ˵ǰУᱻǻɫۡ
ҵʹˣ򣬾ͨϻɳĮ
ڴһ쫷ɳȫʧڿС
һ˲֮Ѿʹ仯֮廯Ϊ΢Сɳ
쫷ɳ֮⣬ԴԴϵɳڿУ㻯Ϊеһ֡
Ȼÿ쫷ɳ޿ɱιޣôԸ쫷ɳС
쫷ɳ޷תУҪķѵֻ࣬Ҫιޣںһ
ʱΪ˲ټʹ˱仯֮Ϊɳ츳֡
ŰţΪɳȻҪС
һΣͲ쫷ɳ֮УѡƿҪ࣬ȴԵİȫһ㡣
ɳĮеһ˵ʵҪѸҳҲ¡
СӣȻִϷƤʧˣȻмֱ£Ҳգ쫷ɳĮֻǶϻɳĮһֶѣСӵʵǻۣͨ쫷ɳĮҲֻǳѣ
˵ϲ˿ŭɫȻϥƣվʱéݾһ죬Ȼ˲ʧˡ
һεǧ֮ˣҲѰˣСӣȷʵģ֪жǿʵϷǺþûôһ˳ˡ
վéʧ
ԭéݵɲ˵ͷ룬ɳҲ˵ĺɡ
һǧѣϷͷȻֳʮɣҲû˭ͷϷ˰ɣ
˿ЦνշУֱϰ֮ߵĿУƳһµɫ
һͷɫĳֱֱɰɸߵĿдڵ棬ⳤͬɫٲһɢȻ˰ɵĸ߶ȣ˵ĳȥʮɵĸ߶ȡ
֪أΨ
ٴ߶ȣֱȫڿУſЦ˵
һӣüëɫԱ뷢ڣһ˫ȴͬǳһ㡣
ڿ΢΢ָһ㣬ƺ˫Զƺʲôһ
СӣȻ˹Ź֣Ϸľ޷δ˼СӰɱô͹ˣϷͨϻɳĮ·ٱѣ
ָһϵЦԽ͸أ˲˿С
һֻ֣»ᾪҲ߱Լһı츳
ʱܿι޵ɧţһ·޶ټѣʣ֮һʱڴ쫷ɳ
ף
һɳĵڵϣʱûԳΣǲɫĹ۲ΧĻ
쫷ɳɴڣƺƬֹĴڿ״̬УֵǣһԽ˸ղŵƬȫܵ쫷Ӱ졣
ĵҲ˸ı䣬ɫɳǰţΧûһ˿һ΢磬һеļʾﾲŵ޹졣
Сʻ괬
ʹʶ̽һһ̽飬Լʶڴ˴ƺܵ˽һ㣬Ȼֻܹ̽鵽ɷΧڵĶ


1136 
̽飬ԶԶܹﵽľ룬Щû뵽ȫһ췢ˡ
ʩչָٶʮֻΪСĽԵʣһֱɳӵڴ˾Ǳʱ
ЩιǲƬһץʱ佫ָ״̬
뵽ֳα壬ϥڵѾʼС
ƬΪŨȷ쫷ɳĮеŨ˺üʱ뷨ֻȻָʵ
һķʱ䣬ȫָˣұǰΪӯ
ܺã֪ղǸι޵ļһûжңˣҪǰУֻҪصĴۡ
гţȻǰУʱΧɳĮ۲һ飬׼̡
ಣ
Ҫգ̸оһȵĴѹ£ɴǰ쫷ɳĮеѹҪǿ˰ٱֹ
䣡
˲˹ֿΪǹѹ̫ǿˣ֮Կ϶𳬺Ѱķɡ
ͣ
ǹѹһڽɫѪѪܿ£ϣ˳ŽսƤ֮С
еѹǿ˹һ̽ƬɳĮȫµʶ
˵ŵ쫷ɳΣķƬƽĵطΪأһߴһڵĻᶼûС
ص˲䣬ǳ֮ܿı޸ƣʱһ仯һͷص׵ޣڵУȴֽ磬ǵҲ˲ǿĽơ
·µţ
ֻܹѡڵߣһ󣬺оһεڽԼ
ʵҪһѶڴһ쫷ɳǳ𾪡
߳ĵٶȴһĿ죬ٴξıǰеĲԡ
ΪɳʱҪŵ滬УҪķѵࡣ
⵽һƬʲôطԱܵٶȣҪߵ²ܹƬɳĮ
ЩȴֻܹƬɳĮϼٱܡ
ɫɳĮϣһӰѸٵڵУٶȱһ˱Ҫٶڷٶȶԣʵ̫ˡ
ƬɳĮͷ޷̽飬ϵǳλãƾֱѵɳĮǰš
һʮ죬ÿͣһʱ䣬ԴָȻż·
һ·ȻûκεˣǽɫɳĮһޱ޼ʵɳĮгϵıܣ־ᶨ˺пܻŬ
Ȼѡûзĵǽ֮һңԶɣܶʱԼ͡
ƬɫɳĮϲκϢؼƺֻʣһˡ
һӰϵıţճܵ䣬ܵճһи޷ֹǰеĽŲ
ܵͬʱһ¥˫ۣǰһˮ۵ľӣ⾵УκȻС
Сƺ֪޷ɳĮΣһ㣬һʼգѹʱǿ˹ֵֻ´ʱѾʧȥˣ޷ɳĮֻ֮һʱ޷ɳĮԶϷ޷ɳĮĽƼӱٶǵѡ񡣡
ܣЦЦ취СһѶȣֻҪĳ֮ôϷýƵĸ鷳
ǧϻɳĮ߲ЩٵĲĶϻɳĮȻΣԶԶ˽Ȼ仯ķ롣
һУԣһϷˣ
¥ȻĳûɣΪϻɳĮˣѾӶϻɳĮĽʱԵĽһ˶ѡ
ϻɳĮߣ󲿷һ쫷ɳĮ޷ͨЩ쫷ɳĮ֮Ԫ֮㱻еοɡ
ܹ޷ɳĮеѾһС룬гһ޷ɳĮѡ̷УЩУеδȫָѹ߾Ӷࡣ
㲡Ҫ
ϻɳĮĹ֮һԣЩ˵߼ûͨ޷ɳĮĿԡ
οͨ޷ɳĮиΣյں棬ǶϻɳĮĿ֮һ룬ζѡ֮·
ȻԽΣյĵط߱˫нҪôڷҪôѣΪͽ
л˿˶ϻɳĮȴҲ޷֪ڸԼͨϻɳĮѶȡ
ʱи̽Ѿˡмܣһ߷ıܣһ޷ɳĮһĵٶԽ죬յҲԽ졣


1137 
½˼֮ûäĿǰУһֻʣһʱԭָ״̬
ԣһСǡôıܿ޷ɳĮΣ
ߵ֮һʱ޷ɳĮĽƲŻԶֲɱУԣȤȻȴֲ˼ͨԭڡ
ȻоԼܵٶ½ֹĵٶȴΪˡ
ʲôôͻȻ
ͣΣ۲ΧһδҡҡͷҧҪֹǰ޿ܡ
ϥָ״̬ʱЩ̾ϢһȻǸʮֽ֮ˣһҲ޷ɳĮԶ
Ȼ˽ԵλͻȻϻɳĮأȻìܣСӵ˼ģ
Щаˣ޷ɳĮѹٵﵽޡ
ڻָٴ̣һαܣ̸оһɱǰΪֲԼȻֻܹܵٶǰĵٶʤǰ
һҪȥ
ҹܵٶǰУҺãַ£ٶҲԼӱ
һڵȻ㹻һ죬ʱڵҲһ룬ǣԭ
ðɣȻ˽ϷҪǰ־״ﵽʲôľ硣
֪Ὣĵֻʣ֮һǱ޷ɳĮʩչ˸
ȫԸ£ٶȷԽԽͨ˲еٶûʲô𣬶ĵٶֻּܹʱҪ
ճԣһޱ޼ʵ޷ɳĮȴǳɥʧе
Ȼ׷ˣԽԽ֮ˣԼӱŬǰʼάһϡ
ҪͨϻɳĮȻأ߱ǿ־ſͨ
а룬ʱͲޱ޼ʵɳĮǺܼᶨǰһ
۵ͬʱջҲڲн١
ʱǳѵǰУΪٶȱҪּ࣬ǰеĻ£ٶҲﵽһ¡
߽𵤷ȻѰĹгˣԶ֮⡣
ΪŷӣԽԽѣɷɣǿǾаսļ̣ɽ𵤷ôܹɣֻܹ˵ϻɳĮĪĹϵ
ŵ߽𵤷ĳ֣ľΪƽһֳӦǰԵѡ
ҪϻɳĮÿһǰڳݽҪķѶãһͨϻɳĮͽһ̵ɣЩߣҵɵģ
вϵĹľȻǻ飬һ·ǰͣЪ
֮ˣҲаޣ޷ɳĮҲ޷ֹǰĽŲˡ
ھԼĪʮļѰ޷ɳĮһӰ
ǵӰٶȲر죬ʱȲлٶȶԣǷˡ
޷ʹʶ̽Էֻܹ۲죬֪˶ԷٶȱԼҪʮֹ
ѵ˱ҵʵ̫ǿʮҲ̫ˣӵʵҲĸˡѵϻɳĮǿ󣿡
Щɻ뵽˺ܿ쳬ԽԼʧе֮⣬һɤӣӿٶǰС
ಣ
һδܱߴӰѸٵĳǰ·ߣȻڳԽʱ˵˾䣺ţɣôô
ЩʱƺµһЩʲôԼϻɳĮܵ⡮
һ˲䳬ԽԼỳʲô⼸֮ڣʮԼʮٶȳԼʮˡ
ֹ˼죬ڽǰʱȻһӰǰӭ
СӣٶôôôأϷҪһá
˵һԪ֮㳯ֱɶȥ
ֹͣǰаԽ䱸ΨԼǿԪ֡
Ԫֱ֮ɵֹ֮סΣԣԪ֮ԱûκвʵϣԪ֮ڶ᷽вҲʮǿ
ʱԪ֮弸ǵɶأĿıѰǸٶļһûᡣ
޷ɳĮУʵ԰ٶֳʵԽٶҲԽ
ǰеķʽ˶м֣屻ɱԪ֮循ʧĻӣĿıҪ޷ɳĮǰߡ
ڣԪ֮ѾɷΧ֮ڣʱ̽ԷԪ֮壬һ̽龹ȻĿɿڴ
Ϊʵͨǰ쫷ɳģ


1138 
һ̽󣬷ŵĽűʧӰ١
СӣϷһãϿ콫Ԫ֮ݳϷɲԪ֮塣
ǵԪ֮彫ʵһ̽飬д󶨣Ҳڻͨ쫷ɳġ
ʱչֵĲǴ˳ڵΪȻϰԵԻֶΣȷԷԪʵжϻɳĮΪɻˡ
ڵߣͨ쫷ɳеιģ
ţȥԶԷʵƺͨ쫷ɳΪЩι޵ʵǰ߻Ҫǿ
޷ɳĮУԷǰٶȸ𾪣ԼʵȻȶԷǰٶʮֹҲ̫˼ˡ
ʵϣԴӽϻɳĮһֱʵ޷ɳĮбܣҲֻǽʵʹõɺڣûںϷ
һ㣬ҲĿ֮Բչȫʵ
Ҫҵ壬ݳԪ֮壬뷨˼
΢΢ЦѾ˹עԼԸչȫʵˡ
ǵԪ֮Ȼɣֻ֪ʱҪᣬֵĻ⵽Ԫ֮ĵֵ
Ͼʱһһ˳ģԷֵΣա
СӣϷһ·֪ôݳԪ֮壬ҲȥѰ壬ٻлĻᣬѵ𣿡
ǵԪ֮ЦΪǿʳԭ򣬴ʱȻԼҪ֡
˼ʱ᲻壬ᣬһףԪԱͬھ
΢Ц˵˿µĸоⷴǵԪ֮ԥˡ
ʱһӰŵ漱ƮεǰԶڵϣȻѸٵ̽һԪ֮塣
ǰҪԪ֮󾪣Ϊ޷̽µԪ֮ΪȴԤʾ˶ԷΪԶԼҪǿ
̽ϵЦŨˣԭһʵҲһ㣬ֻﵽ˵ڣǰԪ֮Ҳǿ˶١
ϷãȻҵһ߿ɵ壬
Ǹµ߷һЦ
ϧˣϧˣ
ǰԪ֮̾ϢǿʳԭԼΪȻԷǱֻóķݡ
ǲһеɶԷ壬ֻ¾ɹˣ󷴵һǸԼΪǿԪ֮塣
аЦʱ򣬾Ȼ֪ˡ
Ϸģ
µԪ֮ȵǰԪ֮˳ʮ֮Զ
ûָڵиȷϻɳĮԼԴôʵЩ˸ô࣬ٶȥĶأ
ǿʳ磬ʱһκλᣬǰǵԪ֪֮ڴ˵ʵͼ߲ףһ
ಣ
ǰǸԪ֮ĹעһðնᣬһԼһȡԷԼΪǿԼҲԽ»õֵԷԪ֮塣
ǿнӽʱһԪ֮Ҳͬʱӽ
˵ٶȽԺܿ죬ŵ滬Уܿӽ塣
Ԫ֮Ϊ壬ͬʱʹַڡ
·㲻ߣͶ
˵ȻѸٵķǴĶԪ֮塣
ΧϽɫʱϵˣǣԪԱвĻҲûü˵ѾϽɫ濪ʼָԪ֮ˡ
Ԫ֮壬ǾԲŹģʱΪ˸һͨ쫷ɳﱣָǰеģʼɶ˵ļ䣬Ȼǿһ
СԪ֮壬Ҫķʲôٶȣԭػָȥһʱ䡣
˶˵Ԫ֮Ѿ֪ô£쫷ɳһȴǸֻ켸ιޡ
ɫɳĮУҲδʹʲôٶȴԱԼ࣬ڶ˵ĹʱɳĮбðιޣ˱Ǳǰι޻壬Ԫܡ
һ۲գĶǰĻ棬кӿһݵĪ㺣Լ⵽ļһԼľȾԽԽࡣ
СӵǱʵڲͬ츳֮⣬ڶϻɳĮеıǻ۸һһϺõǿ԰ϷΪʦϷָ󣬼ʱգһΪݴ½֡
Ż󵽣һ֮£ľȻ˿˿ƽĺкͶһСʯͷ˿˿
۵ĻУδ˵ʲô׳ǶԪֱ֮Ӵ֮Уͼᡣ
̽鲻ʹʲôַƷԪ֮壬ԼвµǶԪ֮塣
Ԫ֮󣬾Ȼٴϥ̹Ȼ磬˿ðΪҲò


1139 
ԽԽϲԽϲԽǿδչͽܣʱͽͷ
˵ʦһ츳ѵͽܣ֪ϷͽܱȽǿϷʵ̫ˣϻɳĮҲܹ˱
Цǳ죬һиʮ̳ƣʱ󷢣˼θһЩ鷳ԴûԼͽܵʸ
ȴǲ֪ԼϻɳĮ˶ˣʱٴ̣ٶȻǳͨ˵Ĳٶ൱
޷ɳĮУһ·Сҷ˿˲һ죬ڼҪԪ֮塣
Ԫ֮壬Ȼ࣬ȴͨǵļ˽ǰѶϢ
Ȼ֪ĵ֮һʱƬɳĮԶͲĹ룬ΣķɳĮС
һ·ǰȻȴ԰ȫ
ľʮƽһ·ǰУٶȾ࣬Ҳ޷Ӱ쵽ľ
һ㣬ģи벻ͨԷΪʲôƽ
κһһߣʱвֻ꣬ŵ̬Ϊ߶ԽϿٶǰУԼȴ޷쵽
ͨߵҲСӵľѾĺǿˣ
а۽ųЦݣӰԽ
Ѿг̵һ֣ףԽǼѵĻԽ׷ӳһ˵ļ
üѵĻһԼԣ츳ɿٵľƽͣȫ£ٶҪԶԶڶϻɳĮ֮ٶȡ
ǰе;УʱϻɳĮеߣЩһ㶼ӵкǿĹԣΪ˵صĻȫĹɡ
һ˵ΧߣҪΪ˵ʵǿ󣬼Ԫ֮ҲԻöʹõࡣ
ЩҪԪ֮壬Щƹߣڲɫн֮ȫɡ
һ·ǰٶһ⣬޷ɳĮʽĹΪСĽҪ޷ɳĮԶģʽȴҲ޷
СӳҲҪͨ޷ɳĮ磬ȡƣһذɣ
ǰľ̳Ѿʣ̳ҲѾ룬˫ڿдһķʱһᣬȻһ˲䱼ʮ֮ң
޷ɳĮƽаԾ裬ǰһʱ䲢δһ޷ɳĮϿǰС
ǰֻûѡ£ԿΪĿģʱԱָǰУܿӦǰеٶȡ
ʮ֮ڳ޷ɳĮǰһ䣬Ѿһȫµĵط
ʱפϻɳĮмԼѾͨ˶ͬ򣬴˵ֻʲô֮أ
һˬķӭлɳӵϢ˴طĻɳĮ
ץһɳӣƾɳ䣬ϲ¶һĨصЦ⡣
ʱִ˵صȻУɳĮҲ޷볬һɣֻðǰ޷ɳĮķʽǰС
ɲΧһĨɫӰǰιаԾȡ
ȻƵĴڣ
鲻Խ˵
һ֮ߵڶϻɳĮ֮УƵ״ʮƣǲϸ۲죬ԶԶȥͬһӰ
Щ棬ȴΪеĺ渶ֻۣԿһۣδ˶ͣ
ԶɳĮȻޱ޼ʣֻʮɣƾȻƶֱԼ
аԾ裬Ա֮ǰƶٶƺҪԳԼٶȡ
Ȼ˲ƣƱȻֲͨιһ㣬߱ǿĹ
а룬ھ쵽ƿҪ׷Լʱıǰ·ߣƵǰС
һڶϻɳĮ׷УζЩĵ
ԲС˲Ƶƣɺڵٶȷӵޣٶ˲ֹһЩƱ㱻ԶԶˡ
ԴӽϻɳĮһֱʵ޷ɳĮδɺڵȫʱ˲ٶȱԼҪ죬ԲżǰС
ʱٶƲ⣬ҲﵽɺڵΪСһֱض¶Ļͬһ㡣
˵гһȻ¶һĨصЦ⣬ʹٻǰĲԶֳɫģƬɳĮĿɲ֮
һʱʮ˲׷ԼʱƣЩƵ˲ٶȾȻԽԽ졣
ͬʱڲԶȻҲһ߱׷ţһ˺ۣоš


1140 

ܱ߱ȣʱȵˡ
ֻ׷ϣ˴СеģҪ֪ұʮ׷ţԼڵĴ
δᣬ룬뽫Լ׷ߡ
ǰҵҪľˣҪˡ
߶ȵŨŨľ֮ɫ
ͷһƳ֮ʣԼƾȻоڲϵ˲У׷ŶԷǶҪСһţֻɳĮжС
ԭ⡮ˣϻɳĮҺܲƣ
ԳЦЦߣʱȴѾĶ׷ˡ
Ƕһǰһİʱ״Ҫӳ죬Ǹˡ

߰εĿнԶ
һǲ£ֻǼεĲҺзһ֮ġ
ڶϻɳĮΨһԼȵģʼղδԼļȡ
Щƣ֪ʵΣһֱܣûʱָͣЩһս
뵽һס㣡
ಣ
תУò˶ñ嵽ɷΧ֮ڡ
ѾΪ壬ȴһֻܣʱǶѾߵǰ·߷¡
ʱ̽鵽ߵΪԼĪǵڵΪʱΪĹ˺ۣʱͶ׷ϵơ
ಣಣ
Ƕҡһ䣬Ȼ仯ģаԾȡ
ڽ̽󣬷ƾȻԪ֮壬ιȴڡ
ҵ˶ϻɳĮػߣκҪͨϻɳĮ룡һǹߣһΣĹ󣬸ٴߣ
һȵһ˷ɽ
ǰ
ߵţ˫Ͱ͵ȡ
ͷʱѾ̽鵽һֱ׷ԼѾʼѸٵİΧԼĵط
ԭЩҲߵķ룬ȻԪ֮壬ͺðˡ
аԪ֮ƣԼͲҪǵԪ֮壬ЩҲˡ
ɱ
һŮзɽһֻֻǰȻǷɽ߸߾ٹͷȻڳһͶƣ⵹۽硣
ǰȾң
˵ͬʱ͵ĶŮŭһʱһɫĹâ֣֮âɫȴЩ㣬һķ޷ﵽ
ŮеķɽǻûɣʱͶɽ֮һǿϢǺΧĿռ
ƵĹֶΪ죬ɽȻϵļ
ΪҪ߳࣬ʱױ㿴͸ʹĻ
ͺһһצӭķɽץȥһڿбŷ

ʹ徹ȻɣһֻצѾ¶һѪ㣬ǷɽѾܵǰצ֮С
ɽϵĴ̣Щɾʵ׷ɱܵƣʵҲﵽ˵ڵΪ
ͷܵʵ֮ϣֻĵ̫ˣһĹԭķҲܵ˺̶ܴȵӰ졣
Ƶͬʱ¶пЦ⣬һΣǸҲʼ̻ûɵķɽ
пܣʶһƵȫֶΣͷܱɡ
ס֣
ɤڿдʱͷܸм𣬶Ķ
ǰһҪȾң
ܼĹֵǶƻûȴֻǲмĵһۡ
ѱɶ£
ŮȵԼ¶һ˿Ц
ֱǺȥǶֻЦŹ
ܳûָһгʮϵ˿ڣмƵļ̣ܴ˾ҵʹǶֻǰƴļ̡
е˺ǰʱһ̽飬д󾪣ԭ֮˵ʵ֮ͣȻֻдڵʵʵú̫ˡ
еǰҲҵֻҡҡԴзһص̾ϢҲһۣƵġ
ܣҾѵ׼л
ƽʵлЩʧ
ʵϷϷȻм㡣ǣʵ̫СˣϷʧʧ
̲סеƣ
Ǻǣαضŭأ뷨ҲҲһǼȻһжעģŭҲѾûκˡ
΢Ц˵ƺһҲںܵķŭеɱȴиǡ


1141 
ڵļһҲϷ򣬶
ܸղŻһ飬ʱ̽ʵ󣬵ˡ
ɱɣһ˼
ƻûɵӿЦһֻ̬
˼ʵҲǰˣͷܻ飬Цˡ
ŮҲЦƺܾûпô˼ˡ
ҧʶġ
Ѿֻ̬û뵽ͷҲվ⣬һƺŲܺܵʱʧȥһĻᡣ
ܵһ֮䣬ǰȴû뵽Ȼ֪ͼɱԼ
ˣϷɱɣҪϷǰ֣Űۡ
ܹûָѾڰ׼ˡ
Ŷ㲻ɱңǲǸöлĺأ
ϵЦݸʢ͸űģźܡ
Ϸȫ
еƼ跢йʱͼߣеŭ𷴶ԽԽʢ
׳գ
ЦʱŽϢһ֣ǡڵΪ
ɢ󣬺ľսٴ̽飬һ̽ȴǸ̽鲻ʵɼг
ԭǰʵˡð
ܵȭ˵һ˿־塣
ܣұ׼һǷǳ뽫ڷΣΪʲôô
ȻƽݣʱܲʶĴԷԼԼѴѡ
ǰ֪ˣǰһҪԭ£¸ǰͷǸ
ͨڵأͷ󣬲ʱ򣬺ܵôôأ
ѾϽ죬𣡡
˵󣬱źܣܴʱŵ֪ǿ󣬵ɺڲѡ
ǿʳԭ£ҿһ˶ſĽ£ͬһֻСè䡣
ɱ⵹ףΪͬһֱСϣһֻʱ϶ԣʵ̫߿ˡ
ںܳĬǶƻû¶пЦ⣬˵ͺڿһһ㡣
Сӣ㲻ǵĿ꣡ڹǿһСҪվǾ׼ȥɣ
ƻûɵŮŵ˵
ߵƣзΪģЩһԪ֮壬ԼɼܣЩһﲻǲƷѣ뵣ǡ
ô㻹
һŭĺȫĲмһˡ
ʱŵľ벢Զһǰһ󣬽ʮҡ
룬ȫɱ뷶ΧڣܵϻɳĮĽƣҲʮİɱƻûɵߡ
һ˵ľٶȻϥʼǶдŭΪƸ޷̡
ɱ
ͬʱǻûɵķɽڵλãܿ죬ɽһǰһѸٹ
ǰСģɽж
ܴʱĵѵΪԼôҲһģӦûǻԼֶԿЩơ
ǶɽʱδܣҲ·ɽԣƾɽԼ塣
ۣ
ƵײǶɽײ󣬾Ȼ˲ˣûܹ͸ķ
һ֮䣬ͬʱƺ߳ڹзǻķɣԾĪа̾ǿ
ھʵ£ֻԱһشԷͺñһ׳ƾСʹȭͷţ׳ںСӵȭͷʹ
Ƕ߿ʼԥˣΪԲ׼ʵʱҪǼҲŷɵķա

ͬʱȵгֵķɽѾ뷽Ŵͬӿնȥ
ڵΪʵϣ۷ôǿĹЧΪ˫ʵʵ̫
չ¶ıΪΪڣһֱδʹóɺڵʵصĸΪʱڶϻɳĮʹԼȫơ
նϣȴûмȻƽͬ棬ǶҲ¶־뾪֮ɫ
ôѵʵҪԶԶҵȣ
Ƕ߼ͬʱɻʱѾС
ǻʲôֶΣһʩչɣ
ڿ˵ЩЦ⡣
ͬʱЦЦΧɳ裬ƺΪ˺ж˿Цա
СӣҪƣˡ
ӵɪЦκһȦȻĳȥд𣺡ԪԱ


1142 
ͬʱŮҲͬĶ⽫ϵĺŵ̵𣬾ֵҵط
ƵԱʶһΣһκ󣬱ЩĿ־壬Բűʵô׷ŷɱ˺ö졣
ǵڵΪԪԱΣ
Ц˵ûжܣںΧһɳڵĽơ
¡
ͬʱԪԱŵúܻɢһԱԲɵɳĮըһ޴ĿӶ
һɳ趯ɳʼ棬ǳ䶨󣬺ܷԼȻˣпϲ
Ҳʱҵ˻һԴףԼ˷׻
Ƕ߾ԪԱˣ
ǰɣԪԱѵǰ׳գ
ɻӵȴʶڸ̽ʱڷΪѡԪԱˡ
Ӻ󣬶̵ҶִΧɳĮѸٵΪѸ٣Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬾ȻﵽδС
ǰУǸϽɣֻᱻǲס
Щ˵
˵ѵô
ٺЦŵúܸϽ͡
ϻɳĮУ貵ǿȻɼ¹ƬеɳĮ
ǶԪԱ󣬾Ȼ⵹Щ
쫷ɳеιﲢ߱Ԫ֮壬һαһǿ󣬶Ըɱߵԭڡ
ܣԲڶǰܣΪΧһȺߣʵҪǿ̫ࡣ
ֹƬʱ䣬ǶٴλûΪγǰ
Ϊʲôɱǣ
ŮЩŭʵ
ΪʲôҪɱǣ
ѾιӵһԣͲɱǣңȻι޸ҪѲΪƺӵв̫ǻۡ
ߣ㲻ɱҲһĽ֣һƶˣѡ
ŮЦĺܵ⣬ƺѾԶ
ڵѾָ״̬ϹĪЦ⣬ʱǺɥԼʧ˸ղĻᡣ
˳һһƽξȻսɽʼǰ󹥻
ಣ
β˷һȭǰǸŮӺݺݺȥ
˫ʵԲһ㣬ǿһ£Ůӵڿըѿ
ɱ
ܿôסˣҵĲţֳϲĹâƺϣ֮⡣
Ȼôǿ󡣡
һӷߺ޵ʱѾתһȭȥһ죬ӵ屻Ҷûʣ¡
֪˵ʵʵҲõƷһĿԱɱأ
ɱ˺Χ徲࣬ܲ˷ܵķһŭ𣬵ǰǿ뿪ɱģԸ
˵ͬʱѾһ񱼶ȥֻǣűʮɣǰͻȻƻûɵߡ
ǰɣЩһǿȫ̽鲻ǵΪѵҪҡ
Ƶֹæת򣬽˺üߵ
ǰȻӢ䣬»Ǻǰһȫ
ζֵĳȥһΣȻƶ֮ڡ
ΧЩٳʮʱСΧȦ
㻹ͦƨģΪ߾ͺܰȫ𣿡
źܣаɱͷܱлȥģԼʧȥ˻Ļᡣ
ǰΪǳǿǰߵȻȫһ㡣
ܵ͸Ц⣬ٴγ
ܣشˣ˸㣬ҷǳǳġ
һһӹֻһʹͷ­˼ҡ
ҾȻɱˡ
ܾȫܵԤ֮⡣
ޱļһɱҲǳ飡˵ˣԪҲ޷ѡ
һץܵԪ֮㵽С
ʱܷ֪Լһ޷ֲĴ£ǰӵΣգϧԼȴûпһ顣
ţԼǳУɱԼ
Բᣡܣ
һ˲˺ܶ࣬ʱæĵǰѾɱµ壬ŹµԪ֮壬ǰˡ
΢΢ϽɫĹâʱǺܵԪ֮岻ɷĲҽ
ԸԪֶ֮ΣܵԪ֮ѾʧȥκνʸĻᡣ
ܣְҲԪ֮塣
˵
ǿߣ̫ˣԪ֮壬ʵϼѵĲƷ
һƻûһ˵


1143 
ϴСӱܵٶ̫ˣ׷˺ܾãڣǸϿɱɣ
һ˵˵ȥ
û뵽ЩҲԼ뷨аЦ
ļһɱңҲˣҪһ
ƺľ棬ֻ˵
˼˵ˣҪҲҾԲ
ԥһܵԪ֮üһҽУ㱻˸С
ܵԪ֮廹ûüʲôĻںޣʱһɿֲĻ潫ԼԪˡ
ڵڼߣڵʵٶɱٶ졣
ܵı֮֮Ժ󣬴ʱЩʱκ֮ġ
ϻɳĮߣ֪ж˻ЩƵľ󲿷߶߳ƬΣķɳĮ
ʱٴγƣһΣƼһ˲䳤Ȼ»ָΣɱĶһ
һ̽飬һʵȻвˣЩһﲻô׿ɱġ
ΪҪ׷ɱңǲܵ˭
ʵв²ǸصĻ˼ˮˡ
ǰգӦ߿ԽƬ򣬶Ǻӵʱֻжʵͼ׷ϣԼȫǸ֡
ʶܵ˷ǳԵƣһԶ޷̽ЩƵʵ
ЩһҪ̽飬ƾۣƾоƲġ

һĿȵǰ׷ɱܵĶ˴ʱϿֳϻ̵ĵŵ뿪
ߣɣٺ٣
Ǹӽ˵ԼĪҵľ룬ֻܹоȴ޷׼ȷ̽ʵ
һȺֻƣԶҲ߲ƬɳĮɣ
ʾ˵Ѿ֮һսЩһﵽжôǿ

ǸӴŭһȻ˲ƵʮɷΧ֮ڡ
̽ȥٶ̽ʵԭѾﵽҵʵֲš
Χʮߣʵƺһ˶٣ʱиܿ϶һĻָʹЩһ׷ɱԼġ
Ƕˣɱɣ
Ǹŵ˵ɽɽĽǡָ
ƾ㣬ҵĶ֣磬һϰɣ
ʱ׼չһʵ޷Щߵľ
ǰıУЩߵٶȣͽδȫԼ׷ˡ
ÿߣⲻǰĿ԰ˣԸ㣬һӣ㻹ʲôԣһ˵ɣ
ǸӽɢǿƣʹڵʱЩɻĶ
µʵ֮ⰡƬϻɳĮУΪ൱ȻҵĶ֡
ǸӹЦʵͲ²⵽ʵΪΧɱ
һ۲գעǰĻ棬⻭֮УʮĸʵԶΧ
ԣʱҲ޷ȫжϳʵֻܹЩƵ̽жϣжʵɺҡ
һʮģСӾȻû¶־֮ɫѵʲôֲɣ
Щ˵ʱΧһˣЩµʵԶԶһȫӭսһﲻɡһһҲԲǺӰĶ֡
úӰְɣʹʵһսϷҪСǲǺӰĶ֡
΢ЦűһӹĵŵƲɫ͸ͣһɫףʱȴĽ¡
Ӱ˵ʱͻȻӵһнһһɿֲĽֱȥ
ҪһVһڵġ
˵ʱѾٵܺӰĽ
㲻ģ
Ӱ˵ǽȻڿת䷽ֱӳ׷ٶȥ
аһȭԷĽ
䣡
Ӱֳһ˿̵Ц⣬δƹ򱻻ʮ֮⣬ѾһƽɫѪҺ
ˣúӰʹʵСƺ޷ܺӰĽ
Ȼڵϣһ˵һȡһһ
úӰʹĳʵҲɣڵϺȾƣܵİɣ
΢ЦԼڶϻɳĮūơвɱ
ǣߵлˣ
ЩϲߵͷȻϥȻͬơ
ɳĮУӰνռʱһϰߴ˵صĻδܵɳĮơ
ܵ˴˴ƣ޷УҲ޷ݵأٶҲӰ졣


1144 
ǰǵڵƶսδԼٶȷ̫ƣʱͬ߶սٶƵֳ
һбڵĺӰʮңΧ߷һϲĺ
ӰЩӵа֪ôˣȻҪԼ˶ĸ׷һһҪԼ׷šԸļһбҪС𣿡
ߣʵ̫ˣսɣ
ӰӾֻʹĳʵзɽγɵȴȻǿ
ľʮֵƽղŵһʵֻʹʵǶԷȫûԤϵġ
ǶԷռʱ츳ȴֲЩأڶԷڶιʱ͵˶ʵ
Ϸʵһһ˳£һιڵ˿ǺӰȴ˺ɾ롣
ףôɳĮӰʹĳʵҲӦԶԶʤͬߣֻһߡ
̾ƺЩԼ۾
ҪС֣ɲһͨߣͨϷȤ𣿡
״ŭ¶ϲɫ
˵ǣǾ̫Сˡ
æͷ˵Ȼûߵ츳ǿġ
򣬺ӰӦòĶ֣㲻Ҫˣɽûֻǳֿȭ
˵иΪϲãȴ¶֮ɫƺ˼ʲô
ϣߣ벻㻹ӣվҵģ
Ӱ˵Ȼŭһٴɽ
һΣӰһһչƽȭӭ
˫ƺս˸֮ƣԴˣӰʵЩΪԼֻʹĳʵܹƵĹһɵȡơ
ȭʹﵽʦ磬ÿһȭʮٶȲԷ£Թֹȭʤһ
Ӱˣû뵽Էʼȭ޷죬ƺҪǿԼÿһι󣬺ӰҪԷ
ȭȽ쳣һһʽȫԹأȻһһӡȲӰƽ
ӰĽҲǲ״̬Ĺ£ȴʼ޷ֹס΢ƣһֱԷ˰ɣеһӻ

ӰϵŭţžϴԼɹһս̫ûˡ
˵ˣһϡһˣҵĶ֣
΢΢һЦ̬Ȼƺսһ㣬ֹͶ֮һɸַ緶
ߣܹңҲ˴޷ıյĽʱȻ·һ
ӰԽƣϾΧһڸΧۣԼܹɱ˵ˣڣ
սΪٻжˣپɱˣֱǵĻ˳֡
ţɱһţָֻܿԭеƽ̬
Ҳıֲ˼飬ʹ÷ɽȻʵ츳Ժǿ
úӰʹ˳ʵ
һ
ǣˣ
аϲźӰܹԷܣҲԼеӡ
Ӱ̲סһХеĵֳܹʹ˳ʵԷʲôֵԼ
ߣ׼ɣ
Ӱзɽâǣ˷һնβס֮ɫ
ںӰХ֮ʱбѾ׼оǽʱͬʱҲ˰˳ʵ
¡һ˵һӲӲõ涼ʼʱӰȻ˳ϵĵѾȡ
ܣôôǿ󣡡
Ӱ֪ԼʱĹڵĶҲ޷ռƣɳĮԷƾʲôռأ
ΪʲôأѵֻɱˣͲɱ㣿
ɵĵ٩Ц͸Ī⡣
ӰѾҶ˿ӣΪԼѾʹ˰˳ʵȻȶԷѷһȫ֮ˡ
ʮʵȫӭս
´ǸֳһĨĪЦ⡣
аϵЦ˵Ц⾹Ȼơ
𣡡
Ӱڱ֪ʹȫаϲãһڿȫԸԷսˡ
һӰӭҹպճһ˺Ӱˮƽ
ȡɣһȫٶչ֣ڹʯ쾪һ󣬺ӰֳһĨŵЦ⡣
ƾ۱жϳԷȫҲʹʮʵȭѸٺȥ
һӲӲĽֺȴͬʱɴˡ
ӰȻ˳ȴֻ˳벽úӰӶҪɳˣһŵ顣
⽫һѪսʵ֮¡
ӰеͷѸٷһѾա


1145 
ϻɳĮƺԺӰ˿ƣպ¶һĨЦϻɳĮ߽սȷʵԼЩƽ
ӰھʵϲռƺѾıսΪڶϻɳĮ£Էʧȥ˷ݵصƣƣǿ߶ԣǳҪ
ڿй棬ռŲƣܹݵعΪԡ
Ӱڿв˸ţӿȥһֽһֵĹͬˮ಻
֪ЩƵĳֲżȻһʲôںƿţǱ㵥ɺڵʵԷս
ɽûʹԭأһȭһȭĳźӰ
ΪܵϻɳĮƣԸƶλãǽἫ
վԭأȭģʽ£ĵ٣úӰŭɶ
ǰӰĴӣŨŨķߺޣΪͬĶ֣ʹɽ£Ȼ·磬̫úӰûˡ
Ӱ˷չûռݶٱˣģӰԼҪȡʤƺԽԽܡ
ಣ
ӰͻȻɳĮ֮УɳĮѸٵĴţҪͻϮ
ȻȻԸΥȻվԭأһӰͻȻǿٶȷ
ôôǿļһСӵ츳ʵ̫̬ˡ
Ӱнп಻ѣû뵽ԼȻԽԽԵġ
ȵԭأϴĪЦ⣬źӰɳʮ⣬һҲû׷ϵȤ
ӰŭڿУһ͵ĺ̴ġ
ɽոںӰЩɽϵļ̻ûɣٻ˶ļ֮󣬵½˲١
ʱӰɫ£еķɽΧķɽѾ˱仯
ЩɽϲΪһѣȻٴκϳɣڶʱڣЩɽ½
Ҫˣ
һ˼ȴ̩ȻǲǸе仯ˣƾԼ嵲סԷĹĻһԼĵġ
ڶķɽںţΧѸٵĺˣƺ֪һе֮
ӰϽı飬ڷɽϲֻʣİʱݵĹʡ
ʱƾһɽĹӰʹ÷ɽĹԶ
ıɽһȫںϺȻǼӱӹıɽΪһ󣬹ǰĶϡ
ıɽںϲΪһ壬γһ˸ķɽúӰ¶ѾЦ⡣
ˣӰһܻˣѵ𣿡
ЩɻʵжԺӰʵģڼӱЧ£޷ﵽɱĹҲöԷˡ
ʵѾǳˣΪʲôʼվôأѵΪӰСԻǸʵ̫ˡ
ЦЦгһֵֿ飬ƺһҲûΪģǶġ
Ӱ׼չһˣڴʱҲ˱仯ͻȻƾǴһȻһƬâ֮С
Ѫ
Щȵ˵һ۱㿴ʩչ
ѪҲرʹѪܷӳĹӲ٣һӰġ̴ġγɵĹЧҲԶԵļˡ
ǱϳɵķɽʱһĺһȭӭϷɽĹ
¡
ɽڿбȭ裬һ˵ͬʱɽѾʧȥһ
ӰŭһǷɽڿͻȻ٣ֱţȴţƾǷɽŴ
䣡
ɽȻʧȥһҵȻСӣؿڴ͵ıըٴαǷɽˡ
Ӱ͵һѪǷɽѺһķЧȴǴϲΪԼǿƹˣΧͬʱ
ԭֻʹɺڵʵڡѪ£㱻ԷһУҲʲô⣬οǷɽһȭʱֻǱʮҡ
㾹Ȼû£
ӰϵЦ⽩סˣ˫۵ʱȻ͸һĪЦ⡣
ܣ
Ӱŭͬʱٴγһʱͬһȭ
δˣƺ֮ǰǿˡ
ӰԸʵڿбʮɣȴȵԭء
ʹ̴ġĴк󣬺ӰʵһĲ෴ˣúӰҪˡ
Ҷ˵ˣһ˲ҵĶ֡磬һϰɣһ̫鷳ˡ
Ȼ˵˫΢΢𣬾Щι޿¡
Ӱڿ㶵ţеĽ̤֧飬ԺӰԣһСĴ


1146 
˹Ȼ㣡ӰĶ֡
ип˵͵һȻѾЦ⡣
ܺãһΧȫΧɱϷҪСûʸϷͽܡ
ЦԽȤˡ
ǣ
شȴǱˣû뵽˾Ȼͽ뷨Ҳ̫Լ֮ˡ
СӣãܹΪ˵ͽܣǽĸ֡
аţѾֹ
ʮͬʱգΧһȦͬߣ֮࣬ʵԣҲһ顣
ĹЩ֮߱ˣԸ¶ʵһЩ߱ɱǺǻƾ踴ʵ⽫Ƿǳ鷳顣
ǰǸڵƱɱʵӣЩҲǿʵôʹſԵֵЩƵĹˡ
ಣ
һâֶն콣ѾС
߷׷¶֮ɫΪԷȻҲóɽҲζѶԸ
һ֣ɽӣ
ڽϵѾʦޣֳַɽ˵ƾոǡ
ȻǸޣСӣ̫ණˡ
Ц츳ԽѣԽ˷ܡ
ȴ¶Ц֮⣬Ľ츳£ԼЩ¼ΧҲռݲ˿ˡ
ɱ
ӰȻȺߵ죬һ£ʮɽγɵĽ㽫֮ȫ֡
ռ˿ƣڴܵƵѹ޷УԲȦΧͲҪϣ뱻ʮ˹յС
ߣ
ķɽֺ϶µȫλֻǺһзɽһ
һνƾնڴѸٵתһȦն콣ɢһȦĽ
Χ£ķǿΪʹɽʵⵥ֮ϣΪ޵ԵʣκһҲȫռơ
Ϊ֧㣬תһǡôȫλʮͬʱĹ
¡¡
˫һ֮£еĽͬըһ㣬ʮӰȻͬʱΧɢһѪķʮ֮⡣
һ֮£ʮͬ߱ͬʱɣʵڿǾδһ޷һȻ
ȵ˷ɻԭλʱѾļɵ֮ģΪԷʹ÷ɽ󣬹ʵ̫ǿˡ
ӰǰѾˣʱνϼˣ֮Ѿ¶־֮ɫͬʱӰ
˵ܹĹ۲죬Ѿ³ЩΪﵽƵ㡣
ˣǾζЩһＴǿԸʵȴԲߣڱɱʵ½
ķʵǳȵģʱ˻һȦƺѾ͸˵롣
ˣһ츳̫ǿˣԽʵȻһлʮͬƵΧǲ˼顣磬ر߾ĸֶԸ
С˵жԺӰѾʧȥġ
ѡӵзƣǻٸϵϷҪСӵ״ﵽ˶ǿʵ
Ц˵Ѿ˲뵽Լҵ츳˵ͽˣͽܵ㻹֮ߣٱЩʦֵѰҵĳΪҪǿҲζŽʡǧʱ䡣
֪ӵͽʲôʵˣػûﵽɽڰɣϷСӣôһԪǿĵӱпϷµ
һ뵽̲סе˷ܣЦþҲЩš
ΪˣѾʶ꣬ڼм˳ЦݣһΣȴǲϵķˬЦ⣬þвĸо
ӰΪƣ߱ԣʱûʲô̫ĹǣΪնɱȻԸֻ˲ѡ
ֵܽǣΪƵսɣ
ӰۺϾ֮ɫ
ΪƵս
ҲͬʱɳĮܸͬߣζų衣
кƽЩսʵΪ˸󵽵ʲôԼԣͨսԶϻɳĮ˽⡣
ЩƵʵǵȫʵΪϻɳĮֻʵܶӵз߽ԿͨϻɳĮ
ܵϻɳĮƵ£ʵȻõģӵҪͨЩƵĶ½زѡ
ƵҪɱеͨ𣿹ƨҪٸ赲٣پͽȫɱ⣬ǻʲô
ʵЩͼƺ˲ʱ䣬Ҳɱ⡣
ƵԪ֮壬ʹּܣȴ֪ЩƾԲԼͨ䱻Щһǣ󻼡


1147 
ȻҪһԭЩƵԪ֮壬ЩڵԪ֮ԣôǺܴ󣬵չʤޡ
ĻȻŭЩƣںӰŭ£Ѿı˲ԣʱֳǰ֡
ϲ
Ӱڿк˰ɾ룬ͬʱˡ
ʱӰ͵ĳǰնһҲͬʱߵͬʱڿлϣҲͬ˵Ĺģʽ
֮ں£Ȼ޷ﵽЧȴһ˵ĹҪǿ٣֮£ĹҲԴﵽЧ
ЩѾʼΪսȫһȷҪһֹ
΢΢һƽʹó۾ƽǰеķɽƽеĹһ
ƽӹ£ʱĹǼӱӡ
ƽʵԽǿ£𵽵ӱЧҲԼƽʵӵĹȴӵġ
һͬʱǰ˫ߣһι£Щ߼ҪˣɵľԶʵ½صĺӰֱӱɰ֮⣬޷ڿˡ
ͬ赭дһȻ޷ֵһ򽥽˵ľ
λֻͨϻɳĮΪѣÿ·
Щ߲׷˵˻ֻΪѰһɱ˵ɡ
Сӣ뿪㲻Ҫˣɱģǣ޷߳ɳĮ
ӰЦѾմɫѪҺŤݸ
߲ˣ
ҲͬʱЦΪɳĮû߿뿪
߲ˣ̫أ̫СƱ٣
¶˵ЦݣеɱѾǣΪɱЩһԼǺѼǰ
䱻Էһ·׷ɱɱ˶Էʱ뷨
Ӱ˼ϵЦ⣬аԾ裬Ϊʱ򣬶ԷܹЦУԲһõס
ǧɣΧɱ
Ӱϵļ鴤һ£´˸޷ȴò¡
׼ɱЩļһʱЩͻȻˣҲȻ
Ӱܸӣû뵽ɳĮԼ˻εѡˣϴȻɳӵĸǰԸһ
ԭأѸٻָŸղĵ£Էһиļһˡ
Щ˱˳ҲҪһѪս
аţûԴΪԼﴦ޵е״̬
ϻɳĮأǿֲĽιޣͻߣһһ·ΪСƬϻɳĮŨŨľη֮ġ
ʵԸԸϻɳĮ׺ҲԸϻɳĮԣƾһ㣬ϻɳĮΣվԲô򵥵ġ
޸һֳַɽ˫ܣϻɳĮ£ʶ̽鷴á
ƫķһӰѸٵƿշٶ֮죬ע⡣
ǵӰӷǰͷԳԭǸмɫŮӡ
²μǰ
ʮͬʱӿн䣬ϹϾĹ
ߣ޷ԸһͬߣһЦ飡ѵǶһȺ𣿡
ŮߵгŨŨıӣΧȴҺһһ
۲ǰŮӣǿŮķ룬ֻŵ淴ӰģҲһ㡣
Ǵǵߣ
ŮһڱǱӵζԡƣǷǳԵıӡ
С椣ô׸ʲôԩ޳𣡡
΢΢һЦʵܲˬ˵ĸоκܵϻɳĮƣеǸ⡣
ʵһԷУֻһֱδʹǿʵںзԳƴ˵صķнơ
Ůԣдŭû뵽˾Ȼ˿Լ˵
ѵ֪ʵһ𣿾ƾڵΪǸϿͶɣ
Ů¶飬ͬһ֮ˡ
ЩҡҡͷкܿȷˣŮӾԲЩƵĻ֮ˣ򣬾ǳ
ˣб¾ʹڱǰװѵ㲻֪ٿ㣬ǧǰԵķ³ˡ
һŮ㣬ҲΧٴ
СԸϷԽԽθڣ
һЦ˿е˷ܣΪʶ꣬ǰΡ
ȴЩû뵽ӵǰǸҳںеЩƾʲô˵
ٻߣ˫ɢ˵ĹâڿоҵĲţȫû뵽ᱻ˺ɱзӡ


1148 
ɣ
ٻ¶һѩ׵ݣɫĺȵ޲õ⣬Ѫ
ˣɱٰٺŶµҪ²Ҫļˡ
¶ֵɫǱݼͺͦµģٻҪˣƢͱ̼꣬£㱻Ѫ
ȥɣ
ٻŭеķɽ͵ն
ʵҲҪΰɣ
˵ͬʱҲٻնһ
䣡
ٻĽȣ಻һ㣬һ֮£֡
ٻʮɺһɫѪҺڿб˳иΪŭ
嶯֮£ٻûʹڵʵ϶ֲκαˣΪʹʵϡѪļӳЧʵٻȫռơ

ٻǵѪδã͵ŭһڶݳϵı
ʹٻҲֳЦ⣬һɱĿٻ΢΢Ĳš
塣
ٻ˱֮ڣƺŪƵģͷ­ǵ¸
ںһٻЦСӣ»δӵĶְɣڱں£Ѿγ˾ƣڻ𣿡
ΧĽſеٻӵ⼸˵롣
кβңˣǸҪļˣ
ҲһˬʵЦ⣬һ仰ٻڿٴαŭ
һӴƴٻϸֶд֮ŭںһٻʵ˲γɾơ
ٻʹþƵѹѾ͸ԼļһˣзһҪöԷú
ˣ˾Բ򵥣ٻںһҲδؿԴ
̾žӰѾ˲ͬжϡ
㲻ǶЩʮ𣿴ʱΪô˵
Цʵ
ˣ֪Ƿı飿ǿţٻʹʱ̣ԣʵԲֹɺڣ츳ǳǿǻ۳ǿʵҲһ㲻
еķֱԳ
ϷͬϷ͵ĵʵҲĹ츳ǻۡСӴӽϻɳĮһֱʵϷסˣƲңСѾϷڹ۲ϷԴϿЩߡԣСӼֱߵһ漣ϷΪͽһӶźġ
ƽ˵֮Ȼβ˼֮ɫ
ˣһڵʵֻѾʦţָǺã
˭涨һֻܹһʦ˵ӵͽҲֹһʦԣһ赣ģСǰƺȥ׼ǺܣֻǺ̫Բűɱ˵಻ɳӣԵҲͶϷƢ
۾˵ͬڿԼͽܣĿþЩȻʧܾЩͷȴ˵
ôܣ
ٻӿе䣬ͬƵģӿҪۿеɳ
С椣ôˣô𣿡
΢΢һЦղѾʹ˵һɷȻԷѹ
ڵ츳˲֪״̬ͻȻʵԲžٻĿɿڴЩ֪롣
ڵôܲʹѹ޿ܣ
ٻ˵ٴνӴѹϮȥֻһεѹȻЧԷȻŵЦ⡣

ٻ۾ŵ͵ŭһһն
αأ
ĻӳһٻҽһԵֵĽ
ٻйȴһƶûռݣһ֮£㱻ԷǿĽϮ塣
սһֽ̾ͬģٻսҲ˲䱻ƣ弸һնΪء
ٻ˺׵Էʵ쳣ֲԽԼɱ
һˣΪĽԷɱڸֻѡ
ڣû赲ǰ˰ɣ
ȵסеɱ⣬ǰǰ
뿪Ƕɱ˱
ٻھ֮Ӧ
ڴʱԶһӰ˼ٻˣ
ಣ
˾Ȼ¶ɫٻʱһ
Сӣ˺ٻãȥɣ
˵ɤźܴ󣬺ΧĿоȻĻ
ʦСģСӲöԸҸղŲĹơ
ٻѵϵۿɼٶȻָţʮϢϵƾȻѾָˡ


1149 
һһǵû꣬˭Աߣһְɣ
ҲЩܲЩˣƺԶûͷһ㣬Щ˶ޱȣ۷
ƵĴۣߣ˭Ҳжôǿʼ޷߳ϻɳĮ
ٻʦֵЦҲͬʱЦЦԽǰЩˡ
ǵ⣡ڿʼ˭赲٣һɱ⣡
˵еķɽԶţƺҲڱ뷨
鶼Щ಻סˣο٣ǰܡ
ӣ
ٻʦһѾڿзɹƫбͷ֮ϡ
վڱͷϿգɣ
ſлӶ֣ʱٻʦ־ֵĽгֻһɴԼ¼
ʱѾʹ˶ɷںϣʵѾǿ֮γ˾ʵ
츳ٻʦÿɷֻܹʵҲʮ
αѪ£ѾȶԷ߳һأʮʵԵγ˾ơ
ھ£ڿһץȻδȫץ¶ԷǸɴʹɷһٻʦ־ֵķԼѾܿơ
һӴɶԷϮٻʦֵһ⽣ʱȴûжܣƾǽϮ塣
ʦ֣һ𹥻
ٻȵڿйӰٴηֳɶ֣ںϽķʽй
ôΧ٣ѵٳBOSSߣҪBOSSҲҪǿɱǵBOSS
˵ͬʱڿѸٵǴӵɱε츳Ŵûܵ˵ؽƵĶơ
˲ĹƾճʮֹΧЩߺܿʧȥ˿еƣһæи߶ȡ
ٻʦοԵֵʱĹǹĵĽĴ
ʦ֣ס㣡
ٻڿкһնֱۡ
ﬣ
ٻһնº󣬶ԷûжܣȻٻȴɳȥֻһɴԼԶ
ȥɣ
ٻʦֱĴʱûһնƴ
˽£ٻʦʮ㣬ΪԻӳġ
ԽԽԼǸBOSSһ㣬£ɵӦЩ˹
Сӣûġ
ٺЦƾԷķɽƣȫӹ
ٻʦһ֮ȴѪҺˡ
һȺǧ֣֮ⳡþҲˡ
Ѿġ
ȵһֻֿʼĽٻʦס߽¶־֮ɫ
Ҫ⣬ɱϷϷǿԸǿʵգ㻹ӳɳĮ
ٻʦֿЦں
ŶΪԸôأ
Цһֻֽٻʦ˿С
׳գϷӣˣ
ٻʦִӲΪԼԴʱҲȻ룬ʳԼɿЦ
ǰ׳գ
ٺЦ븹кǿǳɫѾ
ǳɫУٻʦ¶ֵɫ弸˲䱻ɱںϣֲں棬ǳɫԼԪ֮塣
һѰ¶ԣƵԪ֮ǲģܺԪ֮ˣȻǡñֹ˵츳
Ҳһɣ
ſзɽɽнڣ˫ſͷųǿ
ãΧѾȫУЩ߻ûʶ֮
ͬǹһ㣬ЩһУЩһ׷¶ϲɫС
ڶԷսǶǳһ棬ЩΪӵв֮Բ˷ܵĳڡ
ֻ˱ǳɫΧʱ־вȻ
ǵԪ֮壬ϵˣᵼ𡣡
ٻǳɫзİ
ӰҲ֪ɣʱҪԪԱȴָ
ʶĿ֮ЩҲӭĩա
ɱٶЩߵԪ֮壬ð͵
Ԫ֮壬ⱾǼе츳ߵԪ֮壬ߵ츳ŸߵҪ󣬷ƵԪ֮ϻɳĮнġ
ڽ˵Ԫ֮ɺ󣬷ԼεΪȷʵЩðա
ϽЩߵԪ֮壬ϻɫҲֻܹǿЩԪ֮壬˵ǣӵǿǳɫ棬ܹɵɡ


1150 
Щ˵Ԫ֮ϥװȻɣԴԻЩߵı֮ˡ
Ƭ̣һӰɫ¶ݳΣӰǾɳ֮һӵǻꡣ
ţɵľٶǻ꿴ȫǿˣһֱڰ
Ƭ̹ǻϥɵĹؼʱ̣ԣֳΣû
ǻ֣ʱֳַɽСһһλƶ
ӵжʦܱץסȻ븹УȻӵоʵ֣ǻһҲСʵʮηɼܡ
֮ԺηҪǶ߶ԣûһ˵
ɱѸٸԪԱҲȻԸͬ߱ԡ
Ȼǿߣһǻʱĵڡ
ǻֺѾ⵽ˣûʹвɰЦ
츳ãǽһݳ޵˷ѡ
ǻ𲽽ӽѾ⣬һɱĺûᡣ
ǻ̽ʵжپɻһûʹƾʲôɵأ
ǻһһʱҡиһѪ˵ãԭ޷ЩߵԪ֮壬ˣҪң
Ҫң
ͺһһֻѾɳϣҵľţƺȥѾڱıԵ
ǻаϲϢĶɳУ٣ɳгķΡ
ڶϻɳĮеߣ̽ﵽͣԣǻڽӽԷ֮ںȻʹ
ƵԪ֮ǲܱɵģ˴ˡ
ǻ굱Ϊ洦ڱıԵеĿ־ԭеľҲ½͡
ʮɣʮɣɡ
ǻΣҪʹʱоԷȻƾʧˡ
ã˲ˡ
ǻд󾪣̴ɳжݳһݳ̸оһ󼲷糯Լ

ǻ꼱һûٻǵǶԷĽ
Σһ˲䣬ǻڵĻᶼûУҪȴѲܣֻһĽâǰ
ɣ
ǻ귢˲ĹԼѾ촦ûʹó
⻹ҪģΪǻԽӣֻǣԷȴԲԼᡣ
Ѿʧȥͷ­ǻǰһâ͵Ĳǻĸڡ
屻ɱ֮ǻ걾ķѾԺԲƣͻϮ£ǻԪ֮Ҳûܹӳġ
մɫѪҺǻԪ֮ѾС
ɵߣб·ſϷϷһۡ
ǻ꾪ŭӵĺ
Ǻǣһˡ۵ģҲǴƵģˣ԰Ϣˡ
Ц֮ѾɺڽƣǻԪ֮ԣʱͲܳƵ
̫ˡ
ǻоԼͬ׹ξһ㣬ȻûԷ֣ͱɱ壬Ȼ󻹱סԪ֮塣
ûüں㱻ԷɱǻźĵطǹƽҲԲץĸо
ǱŪɳĮȻɳĮɱ飡ǲŽбأΣҵģǾͱĺˡʵǺһˣϧȴǱȳɱħ˵˵ȥǵ⣬޹ġ
ǻûзأԪ֮嵱һƵı
໣Ҫ⣬ϴһΪұġ
ǻԪ֮巢ûǰ㽫Ԫ֮ˣǰԪ֮¡
ˣһ׷ɱĿˣκͱһһơұ㻹Ұ
һֿ˵ǻʱԪ֮Ҳ޷ˣһǿŭԪ֮ʱ˹ȥ
ʱϵЦŨĽǻԪ֮븹УһѸٵɡ
ЩһԪ֮廹̫ˣ֮ҵûӶ١
վ¹̾ϢʱΧһƬţߵľҲڸһ䡣
ˣ
ĿһϵΪ󣬾һ߬ȭͷͷϵĳϵıޱ
˼СӱϷĻҪǿ󣡡
ȴЦе˵пνǾϲӡ
һŭһϲγĶԱȣڷŭ̵֮飬ΪԵĿǶϻɳĮˡ
ˣˡҸղżˣЩƼֱǸЦǸһǰͬ裬ɳϻɳĮӵзƣҾͲţԻơ


1151 
ЦȴЩΪԵ¡
뼤ڣϷɳĮȫȥԸǸСӣúֶΣֻҪܹ
˵ȴ͸޾ϡ
ˣ
򹧾ȴһҲѵΪԼҲ޷ԸС
ˣ˼ǣҲԶ֣
Щŵʵ
ȻϷΪδĶ֣ҪС£ǱԪ֮壬ϷҲ޷㡣
Ȼ˵͸ǵ⡣
ˣ̫߹ˣԳ֣һûκܵĻᡣ
϶˵кˣΪ˾ȻԼʵ
ȥɣҲ𲻷ˣж֤
ӻ䣬αʧԭء
뿪Ŷ澵૵СӣǲöԸļһҪܹӳɳĮôʵΪһԪںĵˡ
ܵɳĮеɣʱѾʵɳĮܵٶѾ˰ٱֹ
ǰɺڵʵܣҲһӱʮҵľ룬ںʵ£һӱǧɾΪ档
ɣһɫӰӭɫѸٵĳǰУٶȾͬһ磬ƺͣϢĳǰӿ
ЩһԪ֮ж߲η壬ΪֻҪԪ֮壬Լѡɡ
һʱԶǵɫЩɫڷٵƶţƶķͬ
ܵ˲䣬С̵ֵ㱻Ȼк̵㳯һ·׷
˶ߣѹֽԶϻɳĮա޷ЩһԪ֮壬ǿǿҲɱЩơ
аţֻǰƬ̲Щ̵ԽԽ࣬Ƿա
ƾϻɳĮߵķƣЩڿзбռƣúһƬѾͷϿա
ɳĮеƶͻȻðƵģ֮࣬Ҳһ֮ڡ
ڱвϵĸı䷽򣬱ܿЩƣȴ޼¡
е߶գǺѹѹһƬס¹⡣
һƬӰУҲЩŭЩ߼ֱ겻ɢƺԼˡ
ɱ
֪к˷һŭ𣬽ű˵ŭһֲĽǵصĳγȥ
ֻڿзƣԲᣬͬʱҲȻΪЩҲӵġ
ϻǲè
ͣסΣӽֵǵصĹ
ռݵƣ϶µĹһԾȵĵزΪ˷Уӵɱһߵʵȴ˵ΧγЧ
ǶϻɳĮĽķУȻΪһʵǿ츳˵ߣһŭˣǷǳصġ
ǽӵסŷڿг
ɳĮӵҲԲǼ˵Ĺٵĸһв
ԭ뷨ܼ򵥣ֻܿԷͨƬɳĮɽȴԸΥЩ˾ȻԼͷ֮Ϸ
̫Ҳˣ
ŵߵģһԷԽߣȻưոݡ
ͷ֮ϱڶߣܼĽڿɢҫ۵Ĺâ
¹⣬Ѿ˵ڵ߹ıŭˡ
̫ݹֱѪѪ
һŭĺɳĮлصţͻȻ֮㿪ʼѸٵķŴ
޷е£޵ķŴαǣգۼ䣬ƶ֮С
һ󾪺е߱츳ˡ
ǷŴ󣬺ܶ츳߶ǣŴЧȴܵƵģܹŴ󵽰ϡ
α壬㽫ŵϣαλûֹ֤ͣ츳֮ǿѾʮֱ̬ˡ
ڷŴκһߵķ󽵵ͣԣ½Ĳʮԣ츳һ֡
ս״ʱṩķΪķŴʹѪýս״ڼ޷״̬ʱЩߵĽˡ
츳ˣ˭棡
Ѿɽջڣʱƾһ˫޴ȭͷߡ
һʱ䣬зƱãЩ߾ȻȻ
ɣɪƣ֪˭BOSS
ſ޴ͺŴʮ֮ߣȥΪˡ


1152 
κһ֣һŴٱϵΣǿҵЧͬһֻϣ޷Ŵǻϵĸ˵ǿ
ͬɵƵģһΧȻȻֹͣ˹
ͬĸ֣Ŵθûκκôʵĸ֣޴αռһƣȷлҪռݱˡ
ȥɣ
仯ôӴɲģȻɱ⣬Щ߱עǸ硣

һһƻӳȵջʱʮѾץС
һ𹥻
˾ٴչķ񹥻
ɣһɣ
ŭеЩ߾ֱУȻЩ߱㻬ĸС
ǳɫγɵĻǽѾڳͣһ߻ڼٶʧȥ壬Ԫ֮Ҳļ¡
˷ĹЩϣһըͬڷŴ̻
ڽս׵ļ޷£޾˵ĹЩܹɵЧҲоЩʹ
˫ȿʼ˫ڿÿһλܹץߣЩץļһӵҲ޷ѱɵˡ
ٶɸߵľˣñһΡΡɽӵǿķҹҲʮֵı̬
ֱԻӣͬɽڿзУܹﵽľɣ׵ĻҲǧ֮ң
ֹˣ˫ſУֽ£һ˲ɹ֮ߡ
־ڿзٵţЩ뵽ӵ˱̬ʵɼֱһɳĮɱ
ŭˣ˫ֲϵץſеߣЩУ󲿷ֶûοԵֵĹ
ɱҲŪЩߣѡֱץɣƬ̲Ĺ򣬸Ѿǧߡ
߱Ǻηģһױɺٲĺ˿ʼ˳ˣ˷ˡ
˱٣ӣ
ĺ춯أһץȻٴץʮߣһ˸ûȫˡ
츳ֱۼ죬еߣһˣǱ޿ɱܡ
һɱɳĮչӳʵʱɳĮе֮߱֡
ΡȻɽ̬Ѹ͵ϮĪɹ츳ʵԼǻ۵塣
ɳĮеİҰµѾɱƵˣҴ߸ҿǳŷС
һʱһѾԪ֮壬ɳĮķƣԼԸ߻ͷ·ЩкܴĿԻȫû
¹ֿɳĮˣԲǧ֮ڣټȫޣҲֻԶǧ֮̽
ɱ¾⣬һɱ¾սⷴ޷ֹͣ
Χ߲δķѶΪɵ㹻˶̵ʱɣҲҪ΢עڵı仯
Щƾ󲿷ֵԪ֮岢ǿɺޣЩҲǵʱֳܹ֮УٶҲӿ첻١
֮ߣʱɳĮĹâƺ˼
Щߵʵ̫ˣûһǿߣǲŵġ
аţһѾɵԪ֮壬һߴɵļ䡣
ЩԪ֮ļΪ𾪣ϻɳĮеߣһ֮ڻɳĮ
ڸ֪Щʱɱ¾Ժг֣ЩôɳĮߣ󲿷ǱЩƵĲ֮ġ
УҲӵߣƬɳĮȴʱ䣬ȵɳĮʱѾˣҲĴ
˫ۣЩĻУһĻĻԺзٵ֡
ʱۿҲʪˣ£߻ɳĮδ̾
ûԪ֮弼ܵߣɳĮɱɣ޷Ԫ֮£һƴΧᱻľڴˡ
ЩдһӵĵߣҲԼƵΧΡ
Ǽһڵ棬ǿʵȥֻܹԶɱЩߣЩ߸ɱģһɱ̸
ǧ߾ȻһֻܹƴӣȻɳĮܣķѻǾ޴ġ


1153 
ȵǸַʱߵΧ
󣬺һ죬ǸѡԪԱȴûɱκһߡ
˱飬Ǻ嫵ԪУһһŻꡣ
ɵļ䣬󲿷ѾȱȫʱõļеƬΣһ㹻˵ƬɳĮʷˡ
ϻɳĮڵıҪԣЩɱ¾кβףϾǵĵ̣ɱҲϺ
ûֱ£˭ҴϻɳĮ
ʱ̵˵ѡ񣬲ϻɳĮ̫Σա
ӵɵļܣ򣬴˴αǻɳĮ
ҵΧƣѡǰ
ڱ¶һʵȥûʲôˣԾʵʾˣֱӴǰߡ
ʱҪܣÿ̤һ㳬ǧ֮ңƵʻҪһࡣ
֮ң޷˲飬Դ̬ǰʱĵٶȲ̫죬аϲ
ӿٶȺǰα屼ʱԶٶȴ˰ٱϡ
ٶȱȥزᳬʮ죬ҲԿԽɳĮ
ɼлжɳĮĴСʱһ㣬֪ԼʲôʱɳĮ
ȻЩֻһ㣬δǵ˵ĺ
ڱʱеսȴԽԽǿΪɳĮһֵԼֵĸ֡
ɳĮϴ󡪡BOSSǸڱѶȵļһҲͨɳĮǰһս⣡
¶صЦ⣬һҲɳĮBOSS
뵽ǸɳĮBOSSʱһɽͻȻԶƾն
ʶ޷̽鵽ͻĴɽȴͨӾ
ɳĮλִɽ
ɻ󣬽ŲҲͬʱȫܣһһǰȽΪ
ɫ£ɽڵǰһУԶԶȥͬһ
ӦòɳĮľͷǸطĴɽ̫ˡ
Ѹٵ˼ţϾɳĮڶߵĻ֮
Ƭ֮Կɽ״ˣȻʮֱֶͣһ塣
ãڵαͬһɽһǴɽǱɸߵ廹Ҫ߳ٱ
ʱѾĹؼڣֹϸ۲ƾնĴɽ
ɳĮгִɽⱾǻĵ飬ɽ֮һ󵨵Ĳ롣
ƵBOSS򣡡
󣬸ӲСӶԷפ֪ɽҪʲô
ڴʱçײĳȥƾҲ͵ЦѣΪһ΢塣
ǰʱߵǿֹ֮ʵҪǻۡ
һǻۣῴ
ȴţ˻ΪΡɽʵǾıʽܹɳĮı塣
վھǴɽԶĵطϸŵóµĽۣһ޴ƣֻΪ̫ˣԲɽһΡ
аЦΪ仯޴ΣþЩСƱΪӴӴ󵽿öԷΪС
˫ͬʱɳĮУ໥ţ춯
ţΪԷ˾޴ı壬ȻöԸҲɱģԼֻȡþƵ²пܴܶ֡
ĳĬУǰ಻סˣ͵ƶһ£ʱʼ˾ҵҡΣͬβࡣ
ƱͻȻţͬڵÿһо˾޴ѹڶԷʱᷢݵ
һɷǳǿҲʮּɵ濪ʼʱֻܹŰȫĵطܣûа취顣
޷УҲܹ£ΪһһǿƲԶ
Сӣɱƣĵ̫ˣ
򿪿˵ͬɳĮΧĻ֮á
ʮᷳԷΪԼԣζѣֻܹѸٵĶܣûİ취ȥӦԡ
BOSSBOSSһڲͬʮ㣡
аޣûԷĻֻǲϵıѡȶɳĮ档
ĵ˲°ٴΣǰڹˣȴЩƣϾһʮ־޴ǰķѵȻ١
಻ʱֹͣԱʽ۲ɽм䣬һ˫޴۾ʱ
ȻԷ˾޴Խ廯ΪδСһڶԷϻҪС
СӣɱɳĮеƣԲŹ㡣磬ͶɣһˣһС


1154 
ݵ˵ΪڿţԼôҪһһɱɱʵɷ羰
ж˽Ⲣֻ֪֣֪࣬ɳĮϴͬʱҲ֪ʵǳǿ
¹򣬱ҲһС
˵СȴԲС
ô֪о򣿡
Щʵ
Ϊ㱿Խо˼ǻô㡣˭֪һҲûо򡣡
٩дųζ
ǰɣҲ֪
ˣԼȡ˵ΪԼҪԼԽ
Ľ񣬾򵹲ԼޱֻԼ֣ɰԲô֪
ѵ¶ˣɺϣʵڲӦð
а¶˵Ц⣬Цþд󾪣Ϊй۲ܾãһ¶Ц⣬Ǿζſµı
װɵ޷̽ʲôֵ֮˶͡
֪ʵһļһڣҲ֪ҵĿģֻͨɳĮ磬һЦÿͨҲ˴ҵĺˣã
Сһ˶µϹʱȰ˵ֻҲ̽ԷܲĹɳĮֶֺΪ
СӣһһЦ𣡲ɲں˺˱˶£һ֮ñԿԿ
в޷ŭȴ͸һ˿֮⡣
Ҷ֪⣬ԷĻ֪һս⣬Ǳ㲻ٶ˵Ծ裬׼ƵBOSSһս
ȻӴǰ״̬£ķ󽵵͡
ǿĵˣֻǻ뱩¶ȫʵѡ
ԷȥǿޱȣֻǱ󣬶Էı̬йأӵӴͱᴦ޵е״̬С
еսѾǣϸֳһɵ޵Ц⣬еķɽѾԶڿһ򵥵Ķ̴ﵽ˽һ״̬
ۿĶд󾪣Ϊʱܹĸ֪ǿ֮
ƾ˽һ״̬⾳Ѿһ߿ԴﵽģοѾƲʵ
ȻƲνʧ֮壬ǧ
ǰչɷʵһɷʮʵ˴󲿷ӵߵʵԣŻᡣ
ѵӴսСңǲġ
սףһƬɫâС
ȣȻûͻȻϮԼ޴塣
ಣ
˲ʧɳĮУΪɳĮƿߣȻС֮
ʱĶԷͻȻϮҲȥܱ̽ߵĿֻΪֽɳĮ֮ϡ
СӣմþòӢˡ
ͻȻǰȻҲڵ֮ϣȴһӵ
ľһīɫĿף¶ƤȻǹͭɫŨüۣվ͸һֲŭĸо
ԭα壡һ͵ĺӣ
аޣĿתĶžܲԼ͡
Ȼ㲻ʲôòǾûʸ֪ٵ֡
ʡ͵ĵƣԷһһСӡ˵Լš
ŶСӻƢðɣǱȴ㣬ʱ˵Ҳ˵˵Ҳ˵
ˬЦɢһεʵ޹أֳһǾþӸλˡ
б£ܱ˵ٵǾãûлˡ
΢Ц˵˶ԷԼľ룬ٳһɲֹɳĮ£ҪͻʩɱʵЩѶȡ
Ӵָγ壬ʵֻߡ
ҪںҪǰٻȻںϡ
츳ǿںɷʵٶгɾԵɱʵ
ʱֻҪ˫ﵽһľ룬лɱԷֻҪɱ˶Է壬Ԫ֮㲻Ϊ塣
룬ԷվǻϵϹڻûչַʵǰɱ塣
Сӣ츳ñҲĽȻֱںϷʵ
̾ϢʼȥȽһǧҾһһѾһԡ
һǧһңĵһѾ뱾֡
ǧɺ󣬾ĵڶѾ뱾壬ɲ䣬ǧɺѾݳ
֮ңǧһѵƵʹʮɣ


1155 
˼ţϾ֪֪ʶУŵΪޡ
츳Ҫֵ츳һֻܹԭʵ屶ôǾŵֺξ֮У
޷̽£ֻܹƾԼֱȥж϶Էʵ
һȽĲһһȥÿһƱǿһ֡
ǧ֮ңһһֶȽĲƻȻɣͬһηսʿܹеս⡣
ʮֿصˣǲ˿СӣʱһչԼóѹԲ֮ѹԷⲻϵѹͬʱҲγһǿ
ϵЦ⽥ǳ߳һҵľʱѾ¶֮ɫ˿Сƾѹ
ಣ
еķɽαΪһ壬ÿһʱ䣬ɽתһƣתĹУҲӣΧĻʮЭںһ
ÿһƣԤı֮ʱҲ츳ӵһȫµļޡ
ˣһԺȻĹѹһԻȻɵƵֵ
˵սûʼһҪսǰѾʼˡ
һǿʱҲԲͬķʽͬЧ
Сӵ츳ȻʮǿӦĻǣԲ֮¡
˫۲ÿһ嶯
ָƽݣ徲ɳĮУž򲻶ϵѡתʵ
˵һʼһʱÿһζı仯ΧĻΪһ壬зɽÿһȻΧظһǿϵ
һǧʱֹס˽ŲϴһŵİѾʹ˾ŵ
ŵ⼸ѾﵽڷĳּޣʵҲ൱𾪡
ǰΪ򲻹ʹŵ֪ԼԤжôס
γԤأǰΪɷʵںɷʵ
ʱǧ֮ңľԶֶԣⲢңԶֻܵɳĮĽӰ죬ʱ޷̽ľʵ
֮츳Լʵص㣬ҲԲ׼ʵʵ
˫ңԵսӿΪһǿĶ֣׼ĵս⡣
СӣȻûñʧڣ㻹뱾һս𣿱ӵоŵǿߣǱĶ֡Ͷ㵱ڴˣ
΢΢ͷ˫ϵ˵
ҲûñʧŵʵѡǾҲҪսսֺξ֮ѣ
ֳַɽȻ˵ͻȻӿһɺ顣
ѡģһڵġ
˵ͬʱκȻʧڿУʱҲʧڿС
ಣ
ӿֳʱѾǰԽɣʱҲֳΡ
˾Ȼһ޽ӽľţ໥֮ļԲᳬʮɡ
иֵķ緶֪ڴ˵ԼսʵۿۣԲɽĿıΪ˲ռıˡ
Ҳǰ˲ƣʵΪ˷ֹ͵Ϯ˳ڽ̽Էʵ
СӣģռκεսˣڣɳĮκβƣ㽫뱾һս
仰˵󣬵ʹܵĽơ
˻һ˲٣ʶ˲õһΧӣ̽ʱʵ
ʵˣֻʤļʣðɣ˵ǿŵҵҪúüʶһжôǿ󡣡
˵жֵǰǴʱĵϵžһӢۡ
飬˿Ըı䣡Сӣʲô֣вն֮
γмϧҲڻ˵ô໰
ѿҪǺˣ
ɫ˵㹻ǿš
򰵾ֹŹʱȴ͵һˣŵе
ôѵһӵͽܣ
ޱƵĺȵ
ϷǵҲһӽôɺϰɣ
˵еζζӣòײŶͽ˼κ컯ŪˣԷȻѱ˽ȵãһ֮ͬͽ
˵ĵӣųʹǿֶΣֻǣӵͽܣֻܹ
ס֣ĽļգҲǺˡ
˵ɢһӴֱ
¹˭֣δۣĽļգҲδɣ


1156 
˵ͬʱҲɢӭӾѹ
ʮɣɱѾ룬ֻĸĶ˶ѡֺްյɱܡ
ҪɱˣôҲҪеɱķա
ǰƣʱžתΪ໥ѹ
һʼʹںϵѹھҲӵʵѹΪһ㡣
ھѹ£ȵԭأɢǡõֵ˾ѹ
Сӵʵĺǿ󣬿첻ʹȫʵҪʤίʵ򵥡
аһһںϵơ
ڶʵεĸ֣ѹԿߣѹĲʤһĿȻֱȥս
޷̽鵽ʵʵֻܹƾожʵȻԼš
νһߣħһɣ
ÿѹܹԸǿƷöжСΨһʧǧźޡ
ʱ˽˲ʵչֵҲһֶѣž
ԣѾѹߵںƣȻȻƵֵ
˵ںƣ
аٴǿǰγһɹââֳһֱһֱǰӡ
ѹʵʻ˵˵ʵѾһֲĸ߶ȣͬʱǰӿһɫâ
âڿײһ𣬾Ȼʾ˫˭Ҳ޷ǰ
Ѿ޷ƽҲѾʼԼѾԶˣԷԵʾҲ˵ԷʵԼв࣬Ҳڲ֮䡣
ȻһֿԣǾʵԶԼþ𾪲ѡ
˵ںƣȻ޷ѹռЩƣþȫµʶʵѾﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȣԼ֮¡
¶֮ɫʱԭƽȴ¶һĨǳǳЦ⣬Цǳȴʾʤȯյġ
޷̽鵽Էʵʵȴ԰ķжϣΪ֪оŵڰ˵ںϵ»޷ȡѹƣô츳ȻѷԼ
ݾںϵںϵڰ˵ľ룬ԴºÿӵƣȽϣÿһʵӶ츳Ρ
սʵսʱǻҲ𵽹ؼá
֪֪ˣս
ʵԽԻ󣬶ԾʵԽ˫ѹȻʤʵʤȴѾ˷
ǵȻһЦڿ˵ûļܣѾˡ
ˣӵоŵҲ䣿
˵ΪҲӵоŵʱаٸн͵ŭԲ֮κˡ
ھĺУɫ΢䣬ȻѾµһֱΪԼڣȴûϵˡ
һ˶߱ʵôֻﵽʲôʵҲ޷²⡣
ȷʵˣ
ڲ֮󣬸ӿһǿҵս⣬ǿǿ۶Է˭۶ԷжôֲʵԲ׵䣬һʱ顣
ھŵںϣ
ŭһƱӵķĿɿڴû뵽ĵھŵǿƣԶԤϡ
Ϊÿܹӵʵ޼˭֪ĵھŵں֮ʵȻǰĻϳֱЧ
Ҳ˵һӵʵͬǰ˵ʵܺϡ
˷þƳɽ֮ƣɵĳӿȥ
ɫâɲǼֱ֮ƣɫâķѹ
ھȻ˱̬ʧˣ
ʹѪȻ󽫽ս׵ķʩչޣ˳ʮɣǿĵֵס˾ѹ
ʩչŵںϺŷԼѾռƣԷԼѹ
ԭ߱ŵһӮˡ
ٴγֳϲ֮ɫ鲻Խķһ󳩿Ц⣬ζ˵ˣڣǿϷѾռϵƣҪʤѾûлˡ
ûл𣿡
ʵԷѹƾԷƳѹ
ƵֵѡڶԷѹ£ʱ
ھŵںϵǿѹ£忪ʼҵĻζȶҡУƺʱпܵ¡


1157 
һʱѹĵ£ôһսѾǽˡ
ԲܹһҪȥ
ҧ˵ƾӴѹԼڴʱ£Ѿܲסͷ𵴣Ѿ˽ɫѪ
ھƵѹ£õѡ񡣡
Ц˵һ˵һ߳ķÿһѹҲǿһ֡
㲻ң
ֻ˵仰һɽѾɳĮ֮УǿܹɳĮм
趮㣬ֻҪսʤͿˣ
ЦȻԻĲǰнȴ𾪣Էھŵ߱ƾʲôԼѹ
ƾ־
ҡҡͷǿ־ҲǽʵĻϣʵ̫־кá
ƾ츳
˵󣬳һСᣬڵͷ£ֻܹ˵츳ҪԶʤڼԼѹµڵˡ
˵ѹ֮Խңʵϵһϵһκһ΢Сᵼȫ̱
ҲעŶ˵սΪӵͽܵʵԵЩ䣬ʱȴ˵еǸпǧ
ӸոΪͽʱһΪͽܵʵ̫ͣ츳ǿȴҲҪʱܹɳ˭֪ȻӵѸٵĽ
Ŷ꣬СӾȻһھʵǿߣٶȱϷҲ˼ʮСǱ̬Ӱôôأһ̬ͽܸǱ̬Ǳ̬һʦͽ
૵˵ҲʧϾҲ֮ͬͽҲһԪڵĸԵ
ھǿѹ£֧ţȻѹѪǣȻ䣬ɢµ֪
Сװ⣡峺ʵпܰСУ
ЦĹϵѾ͹ϵϾôദ˵ĹϵҲǼΪҪõѡ
Ī⣡СӲδʹȫҪ£ܸӵͽܣϷԺȥӡ
ƾͼϵ⻰ֱӳھԺ֮С
ûȫ⣬ôܣ
΢΢һͣͺñͻȻһӣԭƱΪ΢С½˺ܶࡣ
ԭ׼һѹ뷨ѾţΪ˵ĻԲ޵ķʸ
ϵЦȫˣɫ˫ȵ飬һĨȻ֮ɫҲ
㵽׾߱б˵𣿡
ʵѾƽһУǰѾΪѶɢ
Ӿıϲ³飬϶ľֻиǿڱָ㡣
㻹Ҫ˵ܹ򣡴ʱɣƾʲô˵ҵĵϸ
΢Ц˵仰þͬʱһΪ˵ĸоֱǼ黬ޱȡ
ֻһϵĵЦͬڷԼһ㣬ԽԽʮּթ
ӵʵԲġ
һ۵Ḷ́Ȼƽһһٵҧ˵仰
ЦҡҡͷѾĴʵƲԣԼǽ֪֪˵£äĿԴ
ھŵȷʵľ⣬ھ츳Զѷ֮£ںϾŵҲսʤʵ
⣬ԼѹҲԽǿ󣬴ʱѾӦŵںµѹ
ಣ
еķɽһһѾžϯȥ
ĺã
һкһͨī̵ķɽͬһ
˵ĵһϵĽ֣ԶӶԷ˫Ľʮǿ
ʵĽ£һֳܹ˫ĻʵһײһŻڿײԴԴ
ī̵Ľͬѹһ㣬Ȼռ˲ƣīɫĽĽɫײһ͸Ľ
һ˳ǧ֮⣬ʣĽҲ𲽼һȭڱȭ
ಣ
ٴԭأڸղǴιȻƣȴҲرԶȫһս֮
ɫȻ²͸ûȫǣ
ԾŵںϵʵĽͬСɣһһͻȻԼĪҡ
ڵһһ֣ȴδĹ۲죬ʱҲʮӭս
˫һι죬ǵʱ䣬Ѿ˳ǧ֮⣬ȴǲ˷ɲǼٴη
ƽ
֪Էͼͺһɽƾӣʹƽȵĵס˾ķɽͻϮ


1158 
һΣȴǸʮɣھʵıƴ£ǲಮ١
вΪ֮һɣԭԷʵʵҲԼ£ȻɳĮڲϣΪҪ߳١
־ս׼Ǿʱ뷨ŭһٴη
ߣ
һսͬǣΪþδ˶֣ɱʹ졣
ʹѪ롮ƽ󣬴ʱǿսƽ֡
ʮ㣬˴˵Ѹٵ⣬еûʹ
ʹ죡
ʮк쳤ХХܣΪսԼʵ档
СӣѹôϻɳĮԭʵ˷ܣڿиĶˡ㱾սǧغϡ
˷ܵĺϳֳ֮ɫսŨսĴ²
˫ȫƾžʵʱƱ𲽿ʼֳ
ɳĮϴ󣬴ʱҲĵʵҪϲ٣ΪʵָûѸ١
вҴ⣬Ϊǰ򲻿ܸԼǿвʵϣɵĪǸˡ
𾪵Ĺ֮սжŶ˵ʵһ󣬸ǲСʵ
۱̬ϷҲһ̬ļһҪǱǸӣС׼סͽܣ츳̬һԪʷ츳ǿ֮ˡ츳ʲôǻۣӦԶʤӡСӣôôƻϷֻҲᱻƭȥˡ
һ˶Żžµ̬еˡ
һǿߣչҪԼԣԲôʾҲûõġ
Ļ̫ˣ֪ǸǻԸһԪڴְɣ뵽⣬ΨпЦȻ˵㻹û׼ֻ㻹ⲻһܡ
Ŷ˵սֳ֮ƣٴ츳ĻĻսҲ˳嶯ս⡣
򰡣Ϸĺ˵ǸʵԸܹɣ
Ц̾
ȻԹ壬ԡֻǾ츳ȴû뵽ʵȵʱȴѾ̫ˡ
ʱ·գ۰Ѿȥڶ˵ƴ£¶ԣ򼸺һ
Ȼƴžʵʽ̫ȡɣʱͬ˸տʼıȶһ㣬Ȼڲ֮䡣
ʱĻδ֮һžģʹҲԽԽ٣ҲζԽԽ١
ƴģһϣռƣԲںԷƴȥʱǲѹҲѾռԵơ
ǲչ¶ϵ츳ʱͻȻͺһȻ󷢶һķ񹥻
ڽеĹУҲѸٺˣڴʱˣһ롣
ѵսһʱ䣿ҿڶʱڻָղĵ
аǹⱣֳĬ֪ԷҪʲô
ʵǹڸ߿ˣԭʵҲˡһ𾪵ϢɣƣԽ
Щ˵΢΢ǺҲһһġ
װɻ󣬾ʵ˻ҵʵڲ֮䣬κң
۾úÿɣ
򲢲Ϊʱ䣬ΪչԼ츳ʩչǿѹһԷʧȥģҪսʤͻһЩ޷סԼҲƾһ츳ȥ
˫ڿкʮ߶ţ֪ʲôԵ
žԽԽ죬ӿһīɫ壬Щ峯žѸٵȥ
壿ī̺ǿѵЩþ˲޸𣿡
а˫͸ЩɻȴԷһֶη
۶ԷʹֻҪ׺֡ӳֺξ֮УϾ󣬾Ҳ͸ղŵЩʵ
ɫٵĳžڷȥһ򣬾徹ȻһУΧɫ׷ڡ
ûѾΧǿ£ָٶȺ֮죬ò˰㹦򣬼Ҫָʢ״̬֮С
û״ֻæŻָԼĪƬ̹󣬾ղĵѾָϡ
Ѿȫָδ뵽ɣ
ڼǰ֤ԼʵΪڰйս
㻹ʲôУһʹȻҵĶ֡
˵
ߣԴļһƾʲôʹȫʵѵϣôսʤ𣿡
ɢָֻ˸ղŵ״̬Ƶļǿȴþд󾪡


1159 
ûԴΪܹڶʱ޸Ҳԡԣ㲻УȻ޷赲ǰĽŲ
ǡֵ֤Ҳ˲޸ʵþǳ𾪡
Ҫ֪ܹ֮Ѹ޸ʵΪɳĮ֮УǳɳĮ˿ʱڻָĵ
ҲӵļܣҲ°ֻܽҪס㣬ֺαںʱȥãֻܹɳĮ棬ҲȥЩķ
ⷬս飬ҲֳЩΣΪھԷ츳Լǿ̫࣬һЩսȥֻµ󷴵ΪΪʵƾ츳ǿʮԣչ鲻Լ
Ҳӵжʱڻָ£ԼõչľˣʵԻ
ðɣҵģҾͲˡ
ǰʵֻʹĵɷںʵʱǺչơ
ɷںµȫƣ൱֮ǰʵǿ֮һʵھԣ顣
㣬㾹Ȼʵ
кӿһ󲻺Ŀ־УĻҲ̫ǿˣһʼϻɳĮ˾󲿷ֵʵԼʹŵʵ󣬶ԷȻ˳̶ȵʵĻ֮Щǿ
ͬʵĶǰƴƣһ㶼ռݵƣΪ츳ҪԶԶǿͬʵĶ֡
еĽɫâžӿȥھʧ˲䣬̸оǿѹѹþٸʮܣƺһжڶԷƿ֮С
϶ԣѾ·磬ֻöԷ纣ˮԴԴƺֹ
һϢĸоþЩȻֵͻȻת䣬ԵʮֲӦ
Ȼ͸żصЦ⣬ʱѹ£ڿУžһһȥ
ռƵ£ʺϷӳǿʵֻҪһƣ߾ȫԷƵģԣһȫ֣Ȼκο̵ܷĻᡣ
澳£ԼǱ˳£ӵǿĿɳƱȾй֮޲֮
ʮʱѾѹʮܡ
޷ܵĸоþ˱УһֱԷѹȥֻеսҲὥɢ
Ҫ⣬ֻȱǿһѣȻԽɳĮ֮С
ȵǿս⣬еķɽѾһ͵ĳնȥ
ˣ㣡
ͻȻаϲ˽Լƻԣֱ绢
ھ̾ʱһɫӭĽɽɫŽ֮еĽǿһҡ
ԭѾռƣڽİ£һƳɱӣûдھԵУҲ㹻һնɡ
Ľཻһ˲䣬Ѿ˱ɵ׼ǹɿֲϮʱŸоежôǿ
䣡
һֽ֮ͬһ㣬ȻԶԶķɳ֮⡣
ǹɽγɵҲϵĳž۽ǿ£鲻ԽķһŭȴһɫѪҺ
ȵ򽫽ʱֹɰɾ룬Ѿǧ֮ңˡ
Ľ
Ѫֻü˵仰Ȼڷһǿ󹥻徹ȻʧڿС
ãҪ˲͵Ϯ
սḻὣǰ׼ֹ˲͵Ϯ
ڻʱסԲµԭһɾͬʱѾγһμ޵˲ơ
֪кã
ʱռƵ£ͲдϢ֮̽鵽ĽʱֻܹŭһնӭǿС
ƽ
ʱڶѾʹƽڱѾ£нʵһңѪƽԼɽ£Ѿγ˶Ծľʵ
ʵ£һȡɣƾٶ뽣ѾƵġ
ǿֵһȴǹɽ赲չ˲Ƶ£ȻδӱĽ
һնʱѾ˲ʧþڸܵ˻֣̿ΪԷռƣҲԼ˿ĻᣬҪָȴҲû㹻ʱ
ĵڶ£Ѿо屻̴һѪʱңɳĮе겻ѡ
ϴĲҺǶô𾪵飬ƬɳĮڱɱǱľء


1160 
μһֱ˲״̬УƱƣȴһδĹھ˵£ԽԽ
Ǳļ˾Ž֮ռ˾ԵƣþĵĶˡ
ʮٶȸ죬ȴǲǽɫĽҪһ赲֮
΢΢ڿУɫѪɫ࣬ŷɽ˫ֲš
ǿĽʱ߾ȫҲ޷Ľ¶˫ĽԷѸٵڡ
Ҳ
ڸܵǱĽɫʱ⻰ȴǳΡ
ʵ־ʱȴǲܹ׵һ屻ɱһΣʵᵹһأǾиоԭڡ
ಣ
ĺɫڰ֮⣬ǽɫĽҲ漴ɢڿУһŷɽֱڿз׹䡣

ЩܻĺǱնֱͬɽͬʱžļ򴦷ȥ̵ʱڣֱѾԭ
һ߼䣬ھΪԼᱻɱ֮ʱǽɫȴ˲ı˷ûн׼ն£նһֱۡ
նͷ­նֱ֮ȫŽȻͬ壬ھֱۻԭ֮ȻЩԻ
ΪʲôɱϷ򣿡
ʱѾ˼ǰԳơˣϾԷԼ飬ûº֡
ԣԴЦͻȻԵȻ˫۸Ӿ
Ϭ˫ۣԽˣΪʲôԴӵоŵңΪʲô
ʣȻЩΪԼûʹУܸ˶ԷԸ
ϵı鿴һЦӢ˲ֳĪЦ⣬΢΢鶯һ£˫ɢþپһ
ʵҶ㲢޻УûҪɱ㣡ҵĿֻҪͨϻɳĮǰݡɱ㣬Ҷԣްô
ˬʵ˵ȴơ
֮ԲɱԭԲô򵥣һΪȷǲǿɱΪЩ߽ԿԸ˭֪᲻ḴǿأοȻɱ˶Է壬ҪԪ֮壬ֻеѶʮ־޴һԷѡԪԱֻ¸Ϊ֡
Ϊ򲢲һˣһɱǸ˿϶ֲܣȻòǡ
ʵϣҲЩźɾּߵԪ֮壬õĺôԼչ£ꡣ
ȻǲὫЩԭ򽲳ȥҲܴ²ȫ뷨
ʵѾռ˾ƣϷûв´ɱϷȻʹ֮ϷԪ֮ɣΪʲôôأ
ʵ˫ͬĶŹκ΢Сı仯
Ц⣬ЦЦӢݣʱı֣þ޷̽鵽ʵ뷨
˲ңҲˣһΣҴϻɳĮʵ֮١Ҫ赲ңܹ⣬Ϊļ԰ʹֵزʵףôĸ䡣ڣҲ֪ҵʵǿڴˣḶشۣ
һְ˵˵ʱʵ㹻ƶԷǫöԷԼ۸
ŲţĻŲɣϾԷȷʵˣԼ屻ɱʵ󽵣ڲܵ£ͲĶ֡
л飡ӮʵڽңϷĲڲԸ⣬Ϸսһ
м˵ȻΪûʹǰͰˣ̫˲ˡ
ֻһΣκβϧˣǱģҸղ飬ѾһΣڶΣҿԳȫ㣬Ľ𣬲ʹʲôľУ𡣡
Ȼ˵Ȼȵ̫ˣܹһΣܹΡڸÿ·򣬸ɱۣ
£Ȼı¶ʵԼĲսĻᣬҪս״
򲻷ܹΣϸѰ˼ĻҲ
սûоԵĹƽԼûзбܸԷҲԷҲûзУֿҲǳ֮
еһȣǰƣֻ³ԿԼ
ŵʱͻȻĴжʱһɡ
ãô
зɽ΢΢˫֮âƺʱҪ׼һս
ѣ𼤶ȻʵǿϷٲÿ·ҲԵ̫Сˡ룡
ơ
л
˵͵ĳǰһ˲ƣգۼʧɳĮǧ֮⡣
Զݵķϼһ˿Ц˵⣬ְܸһˣ컯Ūˣ컯Ū˰


1161 
μ˲ƺͻȻоһɾ޴ѹɿдǵʵƾˤڵϡ
ٺ٣˲õǡʱȻһҪЩſԴɳĮ¿ɺˣܿҪͨɳĮˡ
аϲɳĮһԾ˫ѾܹԶı߽硣
ɳĮı߽һƬӯӯɫһƬȫµĵٿȥȫɳĮķ롣
վɳĮı߽磬ĿԶʮֽĹ۲ǰδ֪ؽ磬Ѹٵķš
ǰݵ𣿡
ʵЩȵƽʱһһǰŲƶȥ
ʱɫѾ΢һĨɫϼӶ֣ܹĸоǰƫϵķҲͨݵķ
һξ룬¶˿˷⣬ƽ飬еĴݵǰ
һɳĮѾһƬдеĲݵأȴûиоľ޴ı䡣
ȻǶϻɳĮӦûнɵӾ仯
пЦ˼֤ʵԼ뷨
ĲݵϣΧƬͰĹľԣһƬȫµĵ
ϻɳĮ֮еޣⷴô˵ظԵĪ⣬ǰаɺЩľҲ˱仯
ϻɳĮǸûû˵ĵطΪͨǽݾ˭֪طա
Ŀ֮ѾвٹľԷȻж
ƬУʶ̽ȻܵƣҲжϴ˴Ƿݵһƾ֤
Ǹǻǻ㲻
ѾӦǰɳĮеЩޣԣʱԵõݣԸֶԸӵȴǹľƶ塣
һӭ洵ĺɫҲ趯ǹľˡ
ײ꣬ʱоΧĹľԷ׷׷˵죬ȴǲκε·߳֡
ĵ˲µģȻƾʱʵȻǲСơ
ʱգۼѾȥҲЩջˣԼɲεģЩľеļһҲ̫īˣô֡
Сǣб¾ͳһֱڹľеͷڹ꣡
԰˵ĿıǴ̼Щδ֪ĵǳ֡
ɶߣͷڹ꣡
һǰĹľ֮󣬴һ͵͵
꣡꣡
ͳ˷⻻һԣֻ»ᱻŵɫ
սηЩļһֻжЩһı塣
ʮУвɰЦƬطԼҪͨһЩˡ
СǣǧҪСһܹǰɳĮдʵԻǿǲҪ¶棬͵ϮƬطͻǣǾζˡ
Ȼǰǵʱ͸ŵ֮ɫȻǴһ󸽺֮
͵Ϯ٣һȺɵļһѵ̫û𣿡
ЦӵĻڿԵ쳣Ĵ̶
ʵڴ󵨣
һŭıȴһɫͷ­ǹľչһͷ­ȴаϲԭȻ¶˶Էı塣
Сǣ߼ǵ
Ǹɫͷ­˵΢һֻ۾ĳֲм
ܹƬɳĮģһ㶼мֱµģȴа
˿Ժ˵ĽôأǴֱӽֿܰɣ
ɫڴ֮жʱصĻɣΪԼڴ˴꣬ټ˵ߡ
СӣǺˣʲôطϽ
ɫȤʵһֱԴÿ߶ʮֺ档
˵˵
һź
ΪϻɳĮеʶ壬Ҫгһ߳ǼֱΣڶϻɳĮڲҲû߸׵Ŀĵ򣬸οأ
Ϊɫһʣŷ֮ԶԶԼԭԼƬ޲ΧɳĮҲġ
ںĵʹ£һƬѾϰ߶ԻٿԻúܶҪõϢԴ硣
΢΢һᣬǺɫѾԹԵ³һɣоȻҲϤԭɡ
ΧһǧϣһӦĺ߱ɣµı࣬ΪԾ߱ǿ
Ⱥĳ棬ԭأǸֶҲ¶ȻЦ⡣
ԲӦ䣬ʱĴ·ʽȻ޷̽Ⱥߵʵƾ辭жϣЩ߱ʵԲԼв
Ƭ޵޴󣬶Щռݵĵֻ޵ĹľԣжϣԶĹľҲǺܶĳѨǰЩʵҲǿȥ


1162 
߼ȻȥĲ񻰣пȺԿ
ĬʱҲΪǿ˵ӵľ磬ҪǿڶŵĻ
Ⱥ߷ŭˣɫŭɶ׼ߵúˣˣǰߣ˭֪ȴԳĬԼ
𣡡
ɫŭ֮£޴ͷ͵Ĵӹľг죬Ȼֱʮ֮ߣĴ£Ҳ׷׽ɹľչ
ߣԭ뽫ô˭֪ȴӡȻˣ
ɫǶͷϵݶ׹⣬Ϊ࣬ƣοĬơ
ôСԳ
ڿ˵ֱȻű֮ɫ
ߣⶼ𣿡
ɫҡ˵˫۽ϾܹöԷСԼ
ҵȶǿЦġ
ͳһ˵һ׷׹⣬һԺɫ̬Ϊͳһ׼
һȺһߣ⵹Щ˼
аȻҪͨƬ޵ִݣȴٶĵԴʱȻЩ߶š
λһɢޣҪͨϻɳĮֱݣ˶ѣλиĻǾó²ʤм
Ц⣬˵
˲ңҲˣ
ҲһԭŶ߹֡
ԭѣʧʧĻ꣬ΧƬҪͨ˵أǲɣֻҪóЩ⣬ҵˣԻȥ
ɫľ첲ѧһ㹰˵⵹ʮֻ顣
֪Ҫóʲô⣿
Щ൹Ǳ쫷ޣҪɰˣϾǻڡ
ģҪͨ˵أ߱øǽһ¾ʵĹ£㽲Ĺܹ⣬ôһºƽͨ˵ء
ɫȻ˵ſĹâ
£
ʮֵģɫĻǱݺݵ׵ˡ
һȺߣȻҪ²ſԷУ˵Ҫ೶ж೶
ǽһ£Ӧǽһ¹£Ҫ̫̬ˣȺߺһʱ䡣
ǸҲὲ£ֻнˡ
˵۾ǻ۵Ĺâ
ߣƲȺȷƣѴôûйأ㵱ǺúŪɣ
ɫٶҲͦѸ٣˫׹Ѿڷ쭵ļˡ
Сߣ㵹Щ˼Ҳὲ£ҿԸ㣬յ࣬ζĺܲ룬ζӦøζ
ЦȻעҪΪˣǾ
̰һ㷸˱ĽɣˡСǣһơ
ɫŭĺжɫߡ
Ƕɫͬʱڹľ෴ķƶٶȵǿĳ棬ñ㽫ֻΰΧ
γľԺ󣬾Ȼ͡
츳ĪЩһﶼ߱츳
аǶ߾ȻβӣγһΧȦʮɵľ롣
ŰΧȦСǶߵʵҲѾ̽
ԭС߾ʹﵽڵʵʵҲһҲ˵ɫʵӵЩʵҶԣǲ̫Сأ
ţǶߵΪǡ
Ƕһƣ˱
ɫһΧ㴫һȺڹľзŤ壬ƺףʲôҪһ㡣
ɫ߸߰ͷ­ӵǿеʱ£ƺʾһ㡣
ߣ
ĺһͷڵҲԼδЩ̫Цˡ
ܹǰɳĮгƬ򣬳ʵǿ֮֮⣬һã˺Ƭġ
ɫ̽鵽ʵɳ½ʾ
ڵΪʱչֵΪֻһֵ͵ȴǱһδε档
Сҵȣ
һɫŭĺ˫е׹չ¶ţһ߶һۣȻͬе
˲ңҲˣңҲˣȿҪˡ
һȻ˵Ǵ򶨵̬вɰľ
ܲС͸öӣǻ
ɫаԲ²ֳ֮һɵĹâʱϣԳʵʵ
һߣطʵɫԸжôǿ֪ɳĮеľֻ¸ͲҽΧס


1163 
ɱ
ɫԥһ˲䣬´
֮棡
߼ͬʱͷ­ͬʱ෴ķڶʱ΢ƫƵĻԲ״̬ӿ
⡮֮桯СԲΰΧʽƽ
޷߿ݵص£Ǳ޿ɱܣǶŻѾγϮ
ĹģʽԺҲѧϰֻλ湥ģʽˡ
аţԻϮƶƾǶŻ潫ȫ֡
ڷбѾµ˽ΪĻ湥ԷʵҪǿ٣ȻԶܡ
ȺߵעĿ£ǶŻȴǽĿʼּ֮ơ
֮桯ôͻȻʧѵԷҲߣ
ɫ˵⡮֮桯Ӧ߱ʵʵԽǿ֮桯ҲԽǿ󣬷֮Ȼ
֮桯ƬȺߵĶżܣʱԷʵǿȴҲֱ̫ա֮桯
ǡ֮桯ȫʧȻȵԭء
ܣ
ͬʱедĪľ֮ɫ
ûʲôܵ飡ǵġ֮桯ô
΢Ц˵ղЩ棬ûκΪһʵʵڲôڵĻԣʵ΢
꣡
ǶϷڶһۺٴͬʱ֮桯
ɫĻ֮ߣǳֶǽһǰһĳѹȥ
ôСĻҲŵңǲΣ̫ʧˣʲô֮桯
̾ϢǶǽֻһӽɷΧ֮ڣ̻ΪΣǶĿɿڴѾ֪ʲôе𾪡
֪Χڵ飬βˣ
ɫǿĻ湥Ȼû˿ЧúɫмҪŭ档
۵ļһ
ɫŭĺŭǶ߾ͷ­ͬӦŵ
ȫˣҲ̫ˡѵ˵ĻңҲˡ
˵ͬʱ˫һǰһǶƾץȥʱǶͷֻ屻һɾ޴סˣ޷Լ塣
ڵʵԣҳݣԣĽ

ͬʱ˵һ־ǶһֻɫȴĶδˡ
԰꣡
ɫϵĺȵ˫ʱʶʵΪǶͷɫǲܱɱġ
ſңĻ쵰
ɫȻõ⣬Ϊڶ˱ɱʵǲģԣ赣ġ
ȻֻԪڵ£ſԼĹɣһԪɣôȻЩһ㣬ξ
ǶαԣԿԳ֮ΪȻ˿̣ǶȻȴľƿ£ǼҲ޷ġ
˫ͬʱϿһǶͬһֱ߳бֱһĪǿǶȫڿֱ
޴ͷ­ȴǵڵϣβֱУ֤ʵҪǿ̫ࡣ
СӣԶ޷ɱģԴҵȣһʬε³
һɫȻʱ˿̣ܹ˵⣬Ѿȫ޷ԿˣǴ׳ͬһڿбֱ
͵壬Ҫ¶̫ʵҪıҪǿʵȻ㹻ʵ֮
ջ˫֮ʱֱͬ˻ʯȻȻ޷һθԵù죬һĿɿڴ֪ʹĵǺ
ӵоʵʵǿܶ򲻵飬˾ٲ˾ʵƣͷֱһԳڵĽƣģֻǣΧȴһʱ֮е
ңҽɱ֮ɱĴԣֻһԸ뷨Ǿ޷ɱ𣿡
˫֣һְ˵
ɫԭأȻһ仰Ҳû˵ȴɲǼ࣬㱼䣬ƺĲˣһϤЩİ˾ηĳߡ
һƵĸߵжϣǵƾ֣ںɫУ̬ԼĳǿŹ֮ͬ
Ψң
ڵһ߿Ծ߱ģǺɫ־ҲʮңԶ


1164 
һǴڣôܴﵽڳǿߵʵ
ɫжȻȴǲ˵ĸо
Ȼе߽֪֮޷ɱߣװչ˼άǰ飬ͷɫûĻﵱһ¡
޷Ƕ񶾵Ļﻹڶ˵ķŭѿڶ
һĺһɫеŭ档
֮δ
΢΢̾Ϣ˫ֺͬʱƵĿɫı֮ڡ
ʹʱвЩ֣̿̿ȴԲǿ־塣
˺ηΪδٵһ̣ȴ֮δ̾Եʡ
ɱѶԵ飬˫ȡ֮ɫԪ֮塣
˲ĹǶ쵽֮ʱԪ֮Ѿȡ
ȡԪ񣬽ƽ
һ̣νֶδޱȡ
ǶɫԪԱķʽʱȴǷָ޷
СӣץסӵԪ֮壬Ҳ޷ɱӣǸϽķӣӽ£Ȼʹɣ
һɫδ֪ȻԲѵĳ
Сӣô˵طҵȲתϻɳĮһӵ޾ɱǵġ
һɫǿЦ˿ûע⵽еıɱ⡣
ڱǰԳơӡαһţϧǣʵαҪʮǧ
һЦſһߵԪ֮㳯зȥ
ʲô
ɫԪֻ֮һ仰Ȼ㵽ĸ֮У޻˵κλΨһһҲֻܹΪ֮ԡ
һɫ򱻾ĿɿڴǵһμֱܹԪ֮ߡ
һӵ츳߾ԲɶϻɳĮдڵԪ֮壬ȴǸֱɣе
ĿתĶ壬ƺлͻȻĳһɫʱҲ뷨
ʱʱ֤һУ޷Ԫ֮壬ֻµ˴ʱҲܵԪ֮ķЧȻһȴûз
ˣĿԪ֮壬ˣ
һɫʧе¶־֮ɫΧ޲ȻɫҲ츳Ŀɿڴ
츳ˣ뵽Ĳͨߣһߡ
ϲ㣬شȷѾûϣˡ
˵ͬʱͬſһһɫԪ֮ڿ־ļб븹С
ڼߣ츳Ѿ˲ɣɫٵԪ֮屻ָɱ
ڽԪ֮Ϻһ䣬ǶΧĽƽ˲ǣ޴ӿкȻأڷһ¡Ƕ徹ȻΪһ⽴Ȼٷһıըʬ޴档
һչ֣ѾηҲֶסˣһʱ֮侹֪⡣
һֱչɵļܣʱЦ⣬ĻΧ
ɫڻعæ̽Ϊһķ֡
ճƲ⣬ʵֻ߱ڡҵȻǲҪ򣬱³
ɫаţƾ츳ԼǴ򶨵ʣѾ˳֡
ǣΪǸ赲ҵĵ·³ÿˮˮ·ѡһɣ
ʵɱܶԷκξԼԣ𲢲ر
ɫǹ˫۵תţǲľȥѣɱҶˣ֤ʵҲҵеķŭֱӷȥҵ˸Ӧܹҵ֮Ļ湥ҵȾͨΣ
˼Ҳ²⵽˺ɫе̣£ԼѾ˼أȴֲķԼ뿪ԲֵֹҪ
û⣡ҿԴӦҪ󣡡
ȻشɢĪЦ⡣
ɫһϲԭĵ鲻ڣСǣ׼ͷǿ֮桯뱾һ֪ҵȵʵɡ

һԽδӹľչ¶
ǧʱǳ׳ۣЩɫ죬ҲͬڿγɵԲȦҲʮ׳ۡ
ǼӦЩһҪ󣬴ʱתһ룬ȻЩһԻԼôԽԼյĻҲԽǿԼδһ¡


1165 
Сǣ׼ͷš֮桯һ
ɫļȻ֮࣬ںϽ֮󣬺ɫɢѾǰȻͬ
ԭأлδЩʱһڿУǾЩ졣
ɫһβͲδڿвϱ仯ƣΧȻڿƶλ
ͷߣӲСȻңǲ
󷨵ԲȺԱģֻһ۱Կ͸ɫļ
֮桯ͷţ
ɫŭһðһĺɫâȻ֮ġ֮桯Χ޲ʩΪһ˲䣬ΪģΧٲȻΪһƬӿĻ𺣡
ķλãϾ£ںɫĴ£һͷš֮桯ȷǶɫͷŻ棬ǿ˺ֹٱ
Ļ˲סߣʶ޷̽ΧʵҲЩĹŹ֮
͵Ļ棬Ŀɴ͸棬Ψ⡮֮桯ȴЩͬƺڻеסߣ޷֮Ρ
ѹ
ɫٴηŭȺҲͬʱŭŻӦǡ֮桯ĻѸٵķ仯
֮ڲ޻棬ܻ֮𺣣𺣴ʱڱѹ״̬¡
ԭҲԱѹʹãһ϶Ӳ٣⼼ܵңҲܹѹ湥ˣʵһԵĽɣ
вŭϲڻ¶ŨŨЦ⡣
ɫ˼ƾȥһֻ湥ʵѹϣƾһ󷨣ʵγԺɫΪĹơ
⣬ʹѹܺһϣ⼸״̬µǿһ
ɫ߱ںʵڽ˵ʵӺʵֱĵںʵϣѹʵ൱ںɫںµʵ
βһʵ̬ҲһɫϵǿȴԸɶһԲ˿Ƽ򵥣ʵöԷصĽ顣
ɫĻѹֻҪ֪ҪĻѹܣƾ츳ʵ̫ѡ
֮桯ѹ֮γԼĪҵĻǽԺɫʵܹ֮桯ѹԭлʮ֮һʵѾǼ״̬ˡ

ɫŭһ޴ڿм޵Ľţǡ֮桯Լ״̬Ӷȥ
д˺ѵ⡮֮桯ȻѾﵽϽɫǹ϶Ի治ϤߣӵϷߣҲֻܹ˱ᡣ
̫Сˡ
΢Ц̾Щ֮桯ڹʱûзɫֻ汬ըͬһǿޱȵȻڲȥ
⣬οܣ
ɫֻԪ֮崫һľʹԪɵЧ
ȻɫҲоԪɵʹ࣬ͬˣһ
л͵ġ֮桯ҾͲˡ
ЦŹ˵һ˲䣬ǹƾʮ֮ϣһǿıڲΧġ֮桯ȫʧصĳڲȥ
ۣ
ѪȻĴӿе䣬ɫҲ¶η̬˫ڵתţƺڿһеĺ·
˷ġ֮桯ǾЩʧΪΣĻȣ̫СˣĻԼȻˣҲ𲻵Եá
һΪ޵еġ֮桯ʱȻûܹ˺һգ޻˵
ɫǴѪڷǿ󣬾ȻԷ˲ɣȼԷԪ֮廹Ҫúɫ
ǲĳ֣ɡ֮桯һԪ֮塣ҵҪǼֻ»֡
ɫ뵽ﻹü˼⡣
ǰȻʵǿµʵķڷһ仰һŵǧ𡯣ѾŵֻҪǰԵֵҵȵһλ湥ؽǰͨǰ룡
ɫҼд󣬹壬ơ
ңûѣһڿоӸ£Ƕҵľ𣿡
еɱɢ˲٣ΪɫǸļһڹִԼбҪȥɱ
ȫ棬б
ɫæһ棬βڵϣֱţԼĪ̬ĸ߶ȡ


1166 
СߣǱҪģҽɱЩʵͼļһȻˣǾͰҵĹ
Ǹӵȴᣬƺʱз쭵ļ
ʵԼ̬ɼܺһﻹа㲻֮ԣʱźɫ֮úԴ
һаǰҪ죡ֻҪǰκηԸҵȶհ졣
ɫ˭ǲǵģЩ˵־š
һԭĵطǲСı츳ǿɱˣǽһȱ飬ΪȺߣɫɲͿ֪
ʵǰ˾ԵķӣΨ
ȫſ£ǲ࣬ſڵϣ˭̧ͷɱ⣡
ĺȵǿЩһһ仰ŵ׷ڵϣûκһ̧ͷɫҲˡ
ߣһʵߵ𱰣
ɫֻܹڵأѾʵȫԻԼ²Īĳ֣Ƭ޲һԵסĲ
ǰ
ɫЩֱڹľУ˿춯ȺҲ޲ˣһֻܹ뷨ȴԲڴʱֳ
һСȺԶĿڣʱʵʵб˴ˣϾԼ˵ĿĲɱ¾ͨϻɳĮ
̧ͷգЩεĿЦһȻֻԱܵķʽ뿪˵ء
Уܿ뿪˴˵ء
ɫڽԴӹľ¶дΣһһƬȻɺ飬˭Ҳȥ𣿡
ּ⣡
ӦҲ֪Ǹʵ̫ô˸뿪أ
ɫȻƣǵһǰѡЭЩ±ϲ˵п϶ЩΪԼۡ
л֮ǿǴӢ䣬ҵȿѾˣ
һɫӦȽϿ죬㳯źɫ˵
׳˵öԣǴңǸߵʵǿҿӦ估ʱ򣬺룡ǻл
һҲӲ
л֮ҵȽЧҴѣ
˵
ɫ¶Цһǫ飬һ߿ĽĹά
ѾһƬľԣȵ˴һʱȴǷ˸һƬľԣһӽǹḻ̌˻Ӧ
ߣ־ܣ򣬸ɱۡ
һһƬľд
ȻϣȺɵģҲԽЩȺʵԽǿ󡣡
а룬˵һεľ飬ʱ֪ȥˡ
˭ңɱ⣡
ȵԵʽͼһ仰ȴɧңһȺӹľ¶˲ı塣

ȵʮ㣬ЩȸղһȺȻҪײкܶ࣬ΪܵɱԶԶǰȺ
ûü߳ʮӹľзɳ赲ȥ·
Щƺָӣͷ߱ɫֱǺ죬ƣ
ƾо֪ͷȺСĸ壬ʱȴޱȣֵǰͷ
ݹҽɱһ
ȵЩʵ£ȴ֪֮Щ
߲ܵô򵥾ͿԶԸģҪкĿأ
֪λش֮ʣһͻȻǹľĴܳ
μ£
ͷڣΧͬ
޴ļһȥ
һݺӰ֮ϴʱѾӰȫòȻǳֵα塣

ʧ˻عľУҿһΨֵ֮ˡ

ʼΪȻɼŮ֮ȴ鲻Խķһ
Ǻǣߣôҽġ
ǹ¼ģ͵Ц
ʧˣ빫¼¡
εЦЦȭ˵
ûϵһμˣʧǾе飬ҲǸˡ
ЦǾȻ¶ССľѣд󾪡
ô񣡡
޵ǰľŮӣԺȴѾǸеİŮӡ
ʱԼŵᳬʵȴ˶û˿Ϣ
ŮҲͬΪӢʶ𾪲ѣԭ侹Ӣӡ
ಣ
Ůһתĺɫ˿ȹѾΪɫֻϸָͷ΢΢£˼£Ҳڴʱıˡ


1167 
˵ǰԷеֻƣôڣоųƣЩʧԭأӶԷеǸпǧ
˲䣬ʱƺͣͲǰŮӲССı䣬
ľܵӰ죬ʱȻ֪ܵǴжԣȴϣ
Ѿɽ磬Ψڼ廳صһУʱ˿̣ԽԽǰŮơ
һ˵ٿԸı䣬ǶеϢȴ޷ı䣬ƾ֪ŮӾˡ
ۼŮŮ·幫欵ʡ
ӣֱ𾴵Ĺ£ѵɣ
һߴԶĹľзɳڵĶ
죡
ʱ׷£ݵһССǰȵ
ڴͬʱ幫Ҳͬһȡ졯˵ͬʱȳǷ߲Ϊ֮һ㶡
ӣûУ죬򣬹ˣܲҺܲҡ
һ˲䣬̶
죬飬ֵõ˵𣿡
תͷЦҶü΢΢𣬷쭵ӿȥɰֻȴǲôΪӿн䣬Ǹˡϳ񣡡

¸ۿߣֻһӦŵˡ
ɫĹ۲ǰŮӣƾ˶ĳƺ̬ȣݼӦСܾǧ谮һ򣬾Բ˵
ƬľԷԲǧ֮ڣ뿴κһΥ֪ġ
ȥ
ľԴԲ׷׶ȥһƺŮӵʵݡ
ǰǸУǧռݵλȴǰƬľԴ󣬶⹫һ£Ƭľеȫˣ֤µʮ
ƶϣӦһ岿䣬ⲿȻиߡʱϣҲӦóˣ˵ŮӵƬľ֮ϡ
зǹµݣȴǹȴչ¶ƵƵЦ⣬ͬڹ˻һ㡣
þ飬˿ΪԷȻоЩѳֲס
ѣʶԵʵѸմ
µƢȺȫ෴͵֮ġ
һɢޣŶϻɳĮֱݣش߽ݾ³ȫ
˵ǲԲ˿ûΪ֮òֳ쳣
ţڴֲ£̾һȻǹ¶࿴˼ۣ֮⣬Ǻָܿ״̬
ŶԭһɢޣɢҲҴϻɳĮ⵨ӿ湻ģ
ζƵЦһ˫Ŀ˼ɵĴԽȣƾһ֮ϻɳĮһ޵
ʹ·
ҲЩԲ׼ŮǲԼһЩϸɻΪʲôԼһȹѵֻһɺϣ
и㣬ȴһ˿Գƺġѣͦ˳۵ģô
»õ˵˫龫֣·ҪĿ
ʱѾ⹫µȻģԭװ΢ͬ⹫ֱһģӿ̳ġ
Īǻþ˳ƣҲ̫аˡ
а뵽ɱ۾ǵȵٿʱǰŮȴˡ
ѣӼͳֳ֮ɫǲǾñƯƯӢҲ޷ѳֵĵز
²˵ԣһ˵ԳڲͬĶظԣ⵹Ϊ֮Ȼ
񣡡
˵ȴȥһƯŮӣŮӼһģһ
Ǻǣòˣ֮ˣȷʵû빫һƯŮӣЩʧ̬빫¡Ȼ£µԸ빫ѣ
˵˻Ҳ٣Ϊ⹫±ʮò˵ûһƯŮӣΪУҪһμĹƯĶࡣ
֮ģ˽֮
֮ԣ̷һ󳩿Цһʱ侹ЦĻ֦Ҳ¶˶Ž׵ıݡ
ಣ
´ʱŴӿ潵䣬ֱɵǰҵľ롣
СѾͷҲ±ҽֱɱǹġ
аѾںɷ˿СŮ֮һԷ춯Բ顣
ȴƸûз̬֮͸Ц绨Ȼڽ۲ò
ֻǰн䱸ϿУͬһλѰ㣬Ϲż׺Ц⡣


1168 
˱ƣʵи˼ֻһжϡ
ĵɫñʮȻ˱¶κɫѵͲıɱ𣿡
΢Цķ䣬һɱĶϵıȴЩζĶƺ뿴Ծʱ顣
⹫½˵ˣҲû뵽»ֱӣʼ磬ЦԣĵҲڹ֣֮ҲһȤ޺

¼˵ĬЦЦ֮ȴܲ
Щƨ˵ԲԵСˣһ飬˵ĻǼ٣
ʵɫ仯Ҳ湻ġ
棬Ǿ棬ǹǼ٣ǾǼ٣
Ȼ̩ȻϵЦȴƽͬһ澵ӡ
ĶãȴҲ˿쳣вԽΪڲͬ
ףȻ޷̽ʵѵҵʵҪǿ󣿡
ڶ̽д󾪣¶֮ɫ
֪ɰЦȻҲ̽鹫µʵȴ޷̽飬⵱ŵһ
޷̽޷жһԷʹʵطΪ޷̽飬ΪϴʵķҲƶԷ̽飻ڶԷʵҪԶԶǿԼ޷̽Էʵ
⹫µĽḻ࣬ȥȴǲɫҲһĵȻǹк棬ŪΪλ̽鲻ʵ
Ȼûпˣƾһִܹ֮˵أȻһҲ
ЦѾ
ΪĪ⣬¶ԹµʵΪ
˵ڵľһʵվһʵЩðա
ڶԷҲԼʵû̽ʸ뿪ԭڡ
һأűƬתһ
Ц˵ͬȤ
΢΢ӹµӣ̱Ǹ˵ĳֱͬһģ̳ġ
ŮĪ⣬ǳһҲδʵĿѵ˭ðԴסң޷ԽϻɳĮ
΢Цţδ̴Ӧֿԡ
˹ðģôð߿֪ĳ࣬ʶԺ֪ϢĲ÷ֱ档
뵽ԽЩΡ
ιľͷˣ㻰㵹ǻشѽߣҪǲԸűҲǿ㡣ʹ˸ǣڣ
ƺЩˣ˵ⷬתߡ
˫ۺһֱ۲Ůı֣·ƺ󣬷Ȼͬ
ӦòǴԺлõļ䣬ʶĿҲ󣬳˰ɰٵ״̬
ƶϺеǻΪ⹫żȻ̫Уһϵлɡ
Ȼԭأǹ¸ŭˣ͵Ļعͷŭֱ
ǹͣǰſʼǰΪԷԼҪȥķһ¡
ߣưˣ˵仰
·СƢˣдŨŨŭ⡣
ҲϲԵŮӣΪ㳤ĺˣƢһɱ㡣
Ȼ˵ѡּҵķʽ̽Է
˸ҴԲѣ
µߵһǿԵƴϳҲòо衣
µɢѾʵһµжϣʵɳĮľ츳ȴԶԶ˾
·ŭ֮ɢֱӳѹȥȻȴȻȵԭأ͸Ц⡣
ף㾹Ȼڱѹ°ȻѵѾԲ磿
ѹ֮󣬷סˣԼɢƷͬСɣԷȴУƺδܵѹӰ졣
ȻΣղŻ˵ҪҽѣڱԸң˵һαСˣ
ԷƹЩŭλ˼Լ߱ʵֻ¸޷ܶԷѹ

ͻȻһ˫򶨶˫
Ҳӹµ˫ʱǹµ˫ͻȻɢһĹʡ
ʲô
аֹµ˫۾ͬ˵һ㣬ͫ׵ɫȻɺɫѪɫķת䡣
ű۾
µޱȣ֮ͬȻȻĵħ
ʵǿڴʱֲȴ˶ݵʧĿתĶŶԷ˫͸¶֣ÿһ˲䶼ű仯


1169 
һĨѪɫâӹµ˫ɢâֱڴʱԵ졣
˲䣬Ѿµ˶ԷʹĳǿȻڿһۺȴ鲻ԽļȥΪ˫Ѫ۾пƽʱĶ
ߣڱġȻ֮ۡ£ﵽ˾ŵɷľ磬ҲԲȻ󡣡
а˫֮еѪɫâԽƻ֮ʱ޵Ϧ߻һ
־ᶨߣ˲ʧ򣬶Ȼһ͵ģڱԷͻȻʩչȻ֮ۡ£һʱ֮侹ȻЩ޷԰Ρ
Ȼ֮ۡǹǿ֮һһöԷ˵ʵôǿҲڶʱڰѡ
ܵ˹µġȻ֮ۡ־ȴеֵţʱû˸ղŵƵᣬ΢΢ţ֮ԵЩԵĵ˽ս֮С
ʹȻ֮ۡΪǱĴм䣬һʹãر󣬶һЧ
Ϊ֮£뽫Ȼ֮ۡʹһأδؾܹԴƿ
³һ˫ǰʼڿнѪӡǣӡԽԽӣеѪɫâԽԡ
֪ԷʹȴǲֱܹӰǡȻ˫ۡӰ졣
ڹµ˫Уһ߲ʷˣҲС
ʱʵξԷֱ棬ŹµġȻ֮ۡԽǿԽ뵽޷԰εģʽС

µ¶Ц⣬֮ʱһָܹӣô֤Ȼ֮ۡѾﵽȫƿضԷЧ
ֻǣڡȻ֮ۡ£Ҳδؼ򵥣ʱ˺һĽսϵı鿪ʼ쳣ḻı仯
ڡȻ֮ۡ¹ԹԾͷȴҪǿȻ֮ۡ
Ҳû뵽־ǿʱѾȻ֮ۡʹڶأЧȴʮԣֻܹڶݵʧС
Ȼ֮ۡؾ硣
ԥһȥˣ͵ĽȻ֮ۡʹõһؾ硣
Ѫɫâǣһ˲䣬һδϸѪɫâȫ֡
ѪɫâУµҲ΢΢ĲţϾǿĴм֮һһʩԲô򵥡
ԽǿζĴҲԽ࣬¸պֻһʱ嶯ʹˡȻ֮ۡȴûϵĵֿǿֱʱֹͣҲ޷쵽
Ȼ֮ۡһǰ˫нʹĺãԽСĴöԷǣűߣ̾͹ԹԾͷ
޷ֹͣ£ҲֻвϵļǿǿȣϣԽ־Ƶ
ؾġȻ֮ۡ±Щ޷ֲεһʹҲһ޷Կصĸо
Խ˫ĶŹµ
ڹµУһɫİȹŮЦ绨Ǹ߹ʣŵľֹʱ޿̵ľ޸о
һΥˣһԼˣʱ˿̣Ƕ࿴һۣҲԸ⸶ۣ۴жôء
Ϊ֮ˣԣЩ޷Կأ˫ʼղı䷽
㻹𣿡
̲ס˵ʱ˿ֻ̣ܹһˣ߲ʷˣѾӹµʧ
ʹ˵ءȻ֮ۡȴȻûжȡЧ
ѪɫâԵҡҡ׹˾ͬƵҡҰڣȻȴûӹµ

ѹסеŭ˵͸˵ᡣ
ڹ˺ʱȴֻһЦ绨ỽԼ
һֳֻڶţЦǿģˮΥԸ
Ȼ֮ۡһؾ磬öԷ֮ʵѾ޽ӽʵԸ˼άʽҲһ¡
棬ǱֱҼ
أ㲻ҵĻҺġ
¶һ˫޺˫ۣĵˮϵӿĪһʹ
ޣлú˵
ͬ׹ħϣȻ૵˵ֽ֮ɫ
أ
ԣ޵ĸˣĵĿоԽܣлһ˿ǣʱҲЩ޷ѵˡ
ͻȻЩʹ˾߱սԵˣ־ᶨĶֱ֣һּ޵սޣȵԼֳģܽȻ֮ۡӵһ£²Щڣõ־ǿʵ̫ˡ


1170 
ĵתȥ϶иʹʱȻڵֵµġȻ֮ۡ
ʲôŮӣܹԵ˳̶ȣҵҪһơ
жġ˺棬ʱϧΥȻ֮ۡԭȥۼʶһ֮
Ȼ֮ۡڴʱѾﵽһޣֻóȫ˱仯һɫУµѾʧǰΨһӰӰȴ
ʱѾ˹µÿռ䣬ǡȻ֮֮ۡԽõʵ˷ֲǻþʵΪһжôʵ
ͻȻת涣ҼҪ˵ȴܹ񴫴ԼģĲ̣ǰһ
磬Һ㡣
˵ɢ⣬ͻȻһ׹⣬һӰֳ
Ȼ㣿
аԭ֮˲Ǳˣǹ¡
˭
ʵȻһˣǹȴ鲻Խķһ
˭
¾ȵʵԼûŮˣȴǱһԭŮԼľȻһģһʵǳ֮顣
ҽ
𾪣ȴǱȭ˵ϵҲ֮
ôң
ɻʵ֪ԼŮӻûģԸŮӦþ߱ԸҲ߱ԼԸ
ߣðңѵðҽʶ磿Ȱ÷˼򣬱ҳ顣
ŭ˵ʱɽѾ
ǰıʵڳ֮⣬ǰһֱǼٵģǹҲˣ⵽ôһ¡
ټ٣ʵʵ
ҲɲһɣΧһмԵʵԵã֪⵽Ǽ٣
ĵӲСȻ뱾˵ѵΪǱĶ𣿵ǲ
ЦֳһӣһѪɫķɽС
ȴҲʾ˵˲Ӵѹɽһ㣬Ҳľ֮ǿ
д󾪣ԼΥȻ֮ۡԭһоȻЩʧأǿʵԶԼֵܹġ
Ϣŭҷ㿪ЦģЦ
Ц⣬Щε˵
дһ˿ЦƣŹ˵㵽˭Ϊ񣿡
˶ϻɳĮĹ⸱ģð㣬ţȥ
¿ЦԼʹҲԼ
Ȼ֮ۡһؾ磬ʵþĽϣ£ٵĻҪ棬ǡȻ֮֮ۡ
˵ĻǼ٣
ʱ˵Ϥ
Ǽٶֲ˭֪ĻǼأ
а룬ЩãǰĳֻǻþڵǻþΪǰʵ
µ֪ĿиΪȣû뵽ϾȻ֮ˣԷԼģټһģһԺֵӦò
ԭأ治֪λش𣬶Ŷ˿ãȴʼտ˭ǻӰ
ô
ʡ
Цһ˵Ҿͳ˵ɣԴҷ֮һֱ㣬Ψھܿ࣬ô죬ʵЩܲ˼尾û͵͵Ǳݡû뵽Եɺ£ʹȻ֮ۡ߾ٻԣҾͳûֱ·Ȼļˡ
ȻѣѸٵ˼Ļȴûзʲô̫©
ʹáȻ֮ۡٻֱӵǶϻɳĮн赲ģδЩ
ɵ
磬ҲãҲգϻɳĮοԵֵңҿϻɳĮȥ硣һΣʩչİɣҲʧˣû뵽ҵıĵִ
΢Ц˵һָŹ˵ǹɫ˲ĲҰף˵ⲻܣһʵģǻӰ
Ӱ㿴ǻӰɵɱ㣬ҪҪһ㲻ⱻɱĻ
ЩȻ˵øΪϤ
仰Ȼ˵ͬǲ
Խɻˣʱǲʵڵġ
һ⣬㷽ΪҪ
һһٵʵԽԻˡ
磬ģʼֵңңӦǱʹȻ֮ۡ˿Ƶģԣ֮˲ҡܹڴʱü磬ôأ


1171 
΢Ц˵ݲδ¶ϰԡ
ѵģ
ɻһСĽʱԸǰֻǻþ
㲻ûˣȷʵʵģû뵽ʹȻ֮ۡȻڻþгʵĸ֡
¿ЦʱԼΪƵеĸоʮָӡ
ԭִͨ磬ǱɣڣҪΪֻһ
˵Ǳֱӹ£ƺҪ͸ġ
ҵ飡ûж⣬ֻһϸߵͣҪɱҡ
¾еĺˣеķɽ˵Ĳ
һֱСȴǱŪԻˣһηֲ٣еɻȴǸ࣬ճӦʵǻþǣʵϣ˭ʵҲŪԻˡ
һԴڹµȻǰ˱仯ʱͻȻ֣˵ʵڵģҲ֣ܳԣ˵
ЦԽȴԽԻ󣬷ֲǼ٣ģɵĶ࣬Ǽٵģɵࡣ
ӰԾ߱ǿʵʵȻһĻӰûôʵ
¾ʧĳķȥʱڷһ⣬⹫ڳԼʱȴû˿Ӱӡ
ȻûӰӣ˵岻ܹӰ죬ѵõĲɣ
аԷţɫֻ֮УȻйߵĴڣж϶ԷӰӡ
ң
¼ȵ鵹ʮֽţģҲĻ
ңҪɱңѵļ𣿡
¼Ҫˣڿֱţ̬ޱȡ
ʱɫڿһƽеɱԽʵ
֮ʱϾȻγ˰߲Ӱӣɵɴ۾ѵʵģµļٵĲɣ
㣬ͣ£ˣҽٻģҪΥ˵
¼ٵ߶ʱ뼯оȴǸ޷쵽
ƻȻ֮ۡĹʱһ˶Էпˣ⡮Ȼ֮ۡʧصı仯
ме仰һشùµһǰʵ֤仰һѾ˾޴ĸı䣬ԼȻ޷ƶԷĻӰ
ǲǻӰĻǼ٣
ҲԺˣʱֻ֪ǽŮӣʵǿ޷ҲԽԼֱɱ
ﱻɱˣ׻ô᲻Ԫأ
еģϻɳĮԭһԼɱһκʵҲ½࣬ԣԼԲܹױɱ
㣬һͬԸΣ
޿κΣֻܹʵ
һԳֵɣ
ƽ˵ʱ˿̣ľȻƽΪôӶ⣬ԼԲܹ˷ִ硣
ЦĿһӣһǿĽƱ㽫빫һڽ֮ڡ
ӣ޴ӣ
漱ˣæ˵ΣҲûʵ˺㣬Ҳû˺ﲻ㣬˵˵ûֻܹң
Ϊ֮һº͵Ŀ˵ĪҪ嶯ŭҲܲˡ
赲ɱѵҵģһĵ㣬û뵽㾹ȻǸ֮ˡ죬㽫˵ûûңɱңɱҸһѡĻᡣ
ߵ˵΢΢ҡͷΪ֮һʹ
û뵽˵֪֮ڳԴףǿЦãϢŭ㲢ޣ㲻ҪᣬҺǽʶԲ
;Σ˵ʲôҶţΪ㲻ֵšڣҽҵѡҪɱңұҪɱ㣬⹫ƽɣ
˵Ѿɵǰҡ
ҲţԻ˵١
ҴӦ㣡ȹұֻҪ󣡡
Ц˵֤Ƿʵڡ
磬Һ㡣
ֱӿһȻ˽Ļ֮УһϤϢȻ崦
㣡
ıִȴʵԷȫʵ壬Լ翡
ң
Ľ㴽ϡ
˵ܾٶùЩôû뵽еŮӾȻΪʵ壬⡮Ȼ֮ۡʧˡ
£ǻӰɣ
һ֮󣬶Ź˵
ܣҲǻӰʵĹ¡
·ŭ˵ţּŭ


1172 
ʵģǻӰ
Żеʵ
磬̽ʵģֺοҪɱأҲһҳһģһߣҸоʵ
ᣬеɱȴȻŨ

Źֵ
οЦʱѾûѡΪ˱ȫǱ㽵䳯ȥ
ʲô
´ŭ޲ɱԼֶŵ
ͬʱŭû뵽ᵱԼȥŮӵز
еԣҲʵģҵĻþ
ȵ˵ɳŹεЦЦ
˽ľ£ϵͻȻ֣ûз²űϮ֣ʱĺ޲ýֶȴΪɵʵֻܹһֱҧ
磬֤ٵ𣿡
ԴˣС˵
жʧΪʵڵģԲŻͻˣò
һ֫һḧĳ΢Ц
Ļ£һָؿ˵磬²Ϊ
²Ϊ
ͷӦʱֻǹȫˡ
ʱҲֻһʱ˹µĴڡ
ڶ˵Уʱƺͣˣֻʣӵ׵Ķˡ
вˬɬ˾ȻԼԣɿЦҡͷ
˻ˮǵø۵ģǹµ뷨ΪԼ棬ҲԲðճþ֮С
Ҹγȥأʵ̫ǿˣҸơ
ʱҪΣΪĻвš
磬Ҫʲô
ɬʵ
֪ʡ
˵ͬʱ˫ȴѾʵĿʼ̽ϵİء
ַͬʧȥһ㣬Ķãƾ֣нķ͵͵
ô£
д󾪣û뵽ʱԼĸоȴǿҡ
ڤڤ֮УƺһԼԼ㱱ָоùп
Էǳƽ˵ڵأʱѾĳ𣬶ϵȹҲ˲ʧ
¾ڶɴʱֻȣǸȻԼĳϵ
ǰʱɴһ󣬿İϤ壬вɼˡ
õģҲȻ֪ıǲܳ˵ˡղ˵ϸŲҿ϶ϲָָңָǹ¡
ʵ֪֪Ǳ壬ȴҲԸʹʵΪ̫˼Ͳ˹µġȻ֮ۡ
¼ҪˣĿŶһԿʼ˫ޣԼһģһŮӣǽεģǽļùʶĸоǸԼһ㡣
ֹˣǼʱ¾ȻоһȻֱָоùʮֺ¡
ҵΥĸоʱȴ鲻Խĺ߳
ɣôҪ
·ԼȻɵڵأ˫ЩĲʹ·Լһ˽˫ޡ
ѾʱһξȻ˼ɣڿǸ̬ʱвɰ⡣
һ㷢⡮ǹϵģѲɺ͡Ҳûɵģ
磬Ҫ뿪ңһԶһ𡣡
ߺĻ˵
δ̻شֻееĳ嶯
ͬߺеĪԼʩչˡȻ֮ۡĽȴ
ŸղŵָоԹ۶˫ʱ¸оԼδ˵ϵԼҲ˫ޣһ뵽±Щ
Ҫһô죿
Ź˵
磬ǰ˵ֻһܹţֻһ˿ߡҪһҪһһ֮䡣
˵ʱûκεɱ⣬ǿŹ¡
ѡһѡ㣡
϶˵
ãûɱҡ
аΪѾѡ
磬Ҿ֪ѡңܺãھɱ
΢΢һЦͻȻɢɱ⣬ɱֱӽµС
̫󣬸ûдʵ
пЦûϵԼ䵽ֵز
£εļɽ׼Էչһ
磬Եһᣬɱ֮ǾܹԶһˡ


1173 
˵ĻһѾ˹ǰ
۳࣬еĶŮһģһͬǶɢϢ򣬾ҲԱ˵ݡ
Ѿãˣ֪ôʵѵ˵˴ɽ紩Խأ
ֻҵͷΪԻģһҵĻþ¡
³ֽУȴٵ˼ţΪ⡮Ȼ֮ۡһؾ磬ʵԻһֲʵãǽԶڴ˵ء
ɢѾ빫µ֪Χ֮ڣǿ£ʹȫʵҲ޷ֵǿֲ׵ѹ
ಣ
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˲ƣԴѹһˣǣ½߾ȫֵ£ҲɿѪߵķݰӿе䡣
ھʵ£οԵֵ
Щ̾ŮѾҪɱԼƺѾ޷ı䡣
ʱƾѹùʧȥеս⣬һӣһ㽫С
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ؼʱ̷Ӧе־ͻȻᶨ
ֻǻþΪǻþʵŻǿ󣬼Դﵽڻþ޵е״̬ǼٵģǼٵġ
һʱ֮޴ӽͣȴٵģ⿴ǿʵֻԼʧòγɵġ
㣬ɥ֮ʱû˿Ծ㣡
Цţʱ·˶ԷĴ
֪ҵ֣ԣһǼٵġ
мᶨԼжϣʱǹѹѸٵļš
ٵģкξ壡
ץеķɽ׼ĵļᶨǰĻ

ȵзɽڳˣһֲĽµѸٵնȥ
Ǽٵģɱң
ڴʱδѡֵƾǷɽԼͷ­ն
ֲĽĺ⣬ɽնʱһоȻôʵù²ٴʧ˷
ʵþУһ־˿Ĳᶨᱻþңؼʱ̣һĶҡһǰԼԶʵþ֮С
ȻǼٵģɱҡ
µͷ­նʱն˵仰͸¶ļᶨҲɵͷ
ʱֻԶİһĨѪɫâȻѾɱ֡
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ȵȴǲ֪ǹûбѣԶڴ˵ء
þԴ˲İ㱻ʩչþαѾʧ˷ʵлǺѣԼþ֮С
֮ϵڣǲ֪ǻþֻΪþ㹻ʵȻȴҲ߱ԣٴԼԺлƶѾﵽٷ֮١
֪ͬǻþɱĸоȴʵвֳ˶ҡ
ڱɱ󣬹µԪ֮ɫӵǸ
ΪǼٵģʵϣȴġܵʵʹ𣿽һԪ֮壬ʱŻ𡣡
ƽ˵ù¼ԼУξȴʵʵԼǼٵġ
ټ٣ټ棡
૵ʦһ仰ԶģٵԶ治ˡټ٣С϶棬Ǳ棬϶Ǽ٣۶ôʵҲǼٵġ
ٵԶ治ˣҵԪҵԪ֮ɣ֮ҾͿʵĶϻɳĮгˡ
ڼᶨ־˻һ̾Ϣһ̾ϢȴǴùзһϲԽǰĽǡȻ֮ۡĻþ¡
ˣ
ŭ˵һץɵĽµԪץС
µԪ֮Ȼѡ񲻵ֿƾץС
һĨصЦڹµϣЦ·ڳЦŭſһµԪ֮㱻С
һжˣҽ뿪þ
ڷһͷԪ֮屻˲ɡ
ʱסĿֻ֪̽˴սһȴ֪
ޱȷԼĻþ£ֻȴװͿѣʱŨҲɢδӰ֡
һȹŵЦ⣬·Ůһ㣬ȥ
أ


1174 
ƽʵвδǹµΪ죬ʩչԼҲܻᵽþ֮С
ˣɱ𡣡
ЦЩ⣬һָɢĵط˵ͲҵĶ֣Ҫɱɡ
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΢Ц˵Ѿ²ǹҲõģԲı壬һɱֻ
ºˣǿ԰ĵһˡϣ㲻Ҫ뿪ˣǾ飬Զһ
Ѿǰ˫Ļס֫
õģʱ뿪
ЦʱѾ⵱һξһʵξ
˾ͬûһ㣬໥ţԵĿж͸ƺ
磬Ҫ㷢ģ뿪ԣΪĲ뿪
Ȼ˵
ֻһж̫ʵˣȻ֪Ǽٵġ
ġ
סеŮӣӣʱı塣
͵һΣ̫ã̫ʵʱ뿪
а˵⻳ŮӼ࣬һξȻķ˺üʱ
֮󣬸Ե⻹Ҫԡ
ͬδѾܾ
Ϊʲô㲻뿪ΪʲôһҪ
ʵ
磬ҾԲ뿪һ뿪Ҿͻᱻɽ֮׷ɱѵϣ𣿡
˵
Ȼϣϣܹһֱš
ڶ˵ǰȴһֱҪԼ
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ͬˮһĽƣʱͻȻˣ¶ˮ۵ļЩ޷԰Ρ
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ţʱЩԥˣûȥӭ
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˫ֳһ˿ĹâССϸȫ
ǸǻӰʵֻѵʵڶϻɳĮ
뵽д󾪣ǽʹڻþط꣬һԼݵùֻԶ޷ٻȥʵ֮ˡ
Ҳܹ
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ΪʲôҪ뿪ңΪʲô㲻ΪҶ£
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ǹ»ڴ˵أἱ뿪ڵ㵣Լ־ᶨǵǹ»Լ֡
ΪǼٵģֻһȻɽ硣˵Ĵɽ罵˵أֻܹƭСܻ˼򵥾ϵأ
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ˣģ磬뿪ңҲǼٵġ
ЩʧĽе˫ֽץסһֻ֣ȻԼؿڰȥ磬㲻ĴҵΪţ
֤ҲͿֲ˭ֻԺеһӰͨµġȻ֮ۡٻȾ߱־߱빫µһЩΪص㡣
ƽ˵΢΢һĨصЦ⣬Ѿϡ
һ仰˵סˣϵ¼˵ˮŴŵĵ䣬Ȼ̲סһ˺ѷεĿ
һнãɽңһҪȥϻɳĮĿǰҪһ£ǰչǻӰһ½ʵӰҲɢ
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вɸ̾ӰȻʵ⡮Ȼ֮ۡȻǿԼҲһʼͲӦΪкޱʵĻþ֮ء
ֵǼٵģܳڶϻɳĮ˵ϰźܴʱҸо˵ķʽеңҲеǹ¡Уǲᾭָű˵ģûϰߡϸϣĲֹʮǧһֱû뵽İɣ
һֵȻ˵һǰĿɿڴ
һˣǰ鱻ǣң˭ϸģ˭ֻὫϸСһһС


1175 
һǻþ¶˵ϵһɣֱһ˲ȷԵǻþʵþʱʱȴ侲Ҳʮֿ¡
ǻҲԴӳֵ˲䣬ĿıǽֱԶ
ѾˣӦʵ㲻Ը£Ҳɱ㣡ѵη𣿡
𽥱⻰͸ŨŨв
Ǻǣ뿪ˣŻ³ɣ㣬Ҳֻܹþ棬һҵ־ᶨչữΡԣ뽫Զʵþ֮С
µ˶Է˼ʱԽ϶ԼҲǻӰΪڶŹµѪɫʱԼ˼άֹһ˲վ磬һ˲һжڲͬˡ
еżˣʵþУġҲӵ㹻ʶŻӵнµ뷨һ뿪ôҲԶʧþ֮С
ǲʵչʵġҪǿȥһὫʵɱΪҵĺ
ϵѾˣʱ绻һˣǳģһʵǿɱ¾ߡ
ʵңڿЦɣʱʵģôͲǻþĶϻɳĮǣȻǶϻɳĮҲʵҡҲ룬ͬһξһҼȥҲԶҲ˵ʵҽԶ˯ȥԣʱֻһ־ɵģԲʵڵı塣
΢Ц˵һн֮УЩӰҲһһ㶵ģС
ôһأ
ĵ׷ʵʱôϣܹһɣֻԼŻȥ
ûһΪ֪Լʱġ
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ΪԼԴ󸶳۵ġ
ŭ˵Щڷǹ£ʱҪԸǰˣ¸ѡ
ԴôҲôãںȻĿĲֹǽڴ˵أӦûҪĿġ
Щ˵ѾȷԼĶϻɳĮ֮УΪϻɳĮУԼǺɵڿзеġ
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˵ͻȻ仯ˣȻʮöֻѾ
Ȼħ֮ڵһβʧˣǸŮģҪǸеģֻҪˣ
ԼŮмβ࣬ŮҪͻȻӣ˵Լһ˷飿
ǰ潫Ļ󵱳˰ҲֻΪԼ֮һξ˭֪ԷȻԼƾǱǿħ֮ˡ
ѵ±ɱ㣿
ǿ˲ɢγ˾ʵѹ
ᵽɱĸоΪ˫ʵһȼ֮䣬ԣԼƾʵĶ֣һеֵͽ͵ġ
֮еȻ򶨣Ϊ˻þһвһʵڵģҲ˵ֻҪԼᶨԷܽԼɱ
Ҳ˭Ҫɱɱ㲻ǸɱңҲع鵽ʵС
޾ɫ˵ֱӡáɫ΢䣬û뵽֮ˣ־Ȼᶨ
ͻȻı뷨ˣɱ㣬Ҳ޷˵ءһʶþ֮Уʵڻþ֮⡣ֻʵ֮ѾʧȥκʶҲ˵ڻ״̬СһԲѵˣôΣأԪ֮屻ɱôþеҲڡ
Ե˵˵ʾȻȫıˣһʴɢ
ʶʵþⱾԤ֮УҲǸҲԼԲѵ岻ֻҲоԵţԼǻԲѣҲô׾ͱɱġ
㵽˭е¶ĿҵҪʵģ᲻ˣ
ʱҲЩ㲻⡮ֻԼģȫħ֮˿ƣһ뵽ղ֮࣬ʱһ£ԭξзҲغġ
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˵ͬʱͻȻһתתٶʵ̫죬ĿҲûܿ塣
תγɵİ׹תɺɫâһȫİӰڿС
һɫľսĸ£ĵһӡ
һŽаݣٱսΪ£ʸӡ̡


1176 
ޣޱȵľޣ
˲䣬Ҳɳ沿֮ɫŮӵ۳࣬Բ֮£ʣƺʤ֮޲֮
ôŮ˲ɣ
Ů΢΢ͷȻʵ
ĪǣҸղŷϵıľ壿
ʵд󶨣ƷŮղ֮ԼҲ˿Ķġ
å˵˵
ŮӴŭһѾչһ޷̽˲ơ
ಣ
ŮӳʱֻòһʹŮѾһֻֿסԼĲӣȻ߸ߵĽԼڿС
⧲£еɽֻǻδüչ㱻һӴסˡ
ƽ
д󾪣һ¸Ͳ˿Ľ
±ԷȱԷɱĺΪأΪһԼ޷ǱԶ޷صʵ֮С
Сӣٸ˵һ䣬㽫ӡڴһꡣ
Ůȴһ˿΢ı仯ΪһβʱǺŮӵʶš塣
ĳ϶ԣŮӻһϵⲢȫʵģԿԳ֮Ϊξз顣
ŮˡǲòŵִʵþġһεĲУ˵ôЩͬı仯ˣԭڿǾ塣ŶԭҲСĵôǿħŮӣ
ʱѾȥˣΪǰǻ룬ֻҪԼ־ᶨȻӳʵþ
Ҫ־ᶨǾҪηڴʱѡκв
ħݵˣʲôһССλߡ֮ĲԶԣҪעԼݣмǲɺ򣬱ڡ
Ů˵ҲЩ㲻ԼղôûоܾԷʩչħʱǾԲܴڵġ
ҲŮʱҲ˵ĿɰǷȻޱȴ飬ôħŮô飬һղǴβ࣬ЩЦͬʱҲЩ
ԭǽ˵ξ˼ǲǷ֮٣ȴû뵽ȻһħŮ
Ůմ
ǱԷס˲ӣȻЦʵΪʱǵˡ
һʵбԶ޷ʵþĿ֮ԣͲﱻԷɱ
ʵͻþֻһ֮һжʧҪô׹þҪô³
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ɶⲻ֪СӣǽǱһ˿ǱǰȻ𡣡
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ȻЦ˵ѾµħŮĿģҪôԼԪ֮壬ҪôԼ壬֮⣬Ѿ벻Ϊǰ˵ء
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ħŮЦѾνסڴ׹þľ
ϲ˿ţʵϣҲܾᣬʱľԼаٺһ
Ůסң֪кκôҿ˲˴ǰѾʧܣҺţֻ¶Ҳûκκô
в²ţС˵
˲ôϲ⣡
ħŮ˵꣬ѾתȥҲջ־ᶨܹþʵߣ޷ӵˡ
ʱڶ˵ĽзţȥƿԷĽȴǸ첻
Ϊ£𽥵ĵԼľŽľĵزΪþıľ־ԣһԡ
׿е㺣ı۾ʼʲô룬ֻǸԼĴڡ
ľĽͻȻɶ˲٣ħŮҲ¶֮ɫ
ãڷ½һԺѾûǸĴڣҲ޷ڡ
ħŮооĽ֮и𾪲ѡ
ڻþʵ֮Уһ˼Ȼ˻þʵôӵǿľƺ̫ìˣȻԷȷʵˣұǰľΪƽ͡
㿴ԾŵħŮ
ˣұɱԻصʵ֮⣬һǾþһԻصʵ֮С
䷨ħŮҪгѯ֪һġ
Ҫɱ㣡
ħŮȵɽȻʱԹ
ʧȥˡĻþһ㾫ʵɱ𣿡


1177 
ƽ˵ԽƽΪǰŮκ̬ݡ
ħŮʱҲܵٵţޱƣԼľʧ˷۱ζԼǰװ˷һλᣬһʧһΪ

ħŮŭʱѾ޷άһֱͻȻɢڿС
һнǻ룬ҲǼٵģֻһȤξ
˵ⷬ󣬵ԺнħŮϢ˲Ĩȥ
ٴǰʱȴֻһƬ޵Ŀռ䣬ħŮѾڡ
ʵϣħŮȻڣֻȴŷɿĽ壬⼸ħԪʧܵһΡ
һᱨģˣˣ
ħŮŭֻǣʱѾˡ
ղҲһʹ˾УħŮļԺȫĨȥǻġļҲͬӼĨȥһҲʧȥ˲ټ䣬ȴʵþ
һг䶨ʱܱ߳ŴǵϥֱΧȫϡ
ټ٣ټ档
ڻþ֮еҲûзŹЩպڵȻ
ڶϻɳĮУһ侫ķ֮УһһȹŮҡͷ̾ϢţǴ֮ϣһӢһţƺ˯ˣһ㷴ӦûС
ζҺʩչȻ֮ۡѽҪٲһӶ޷ˡ
ŮӰ̾Ϣʮֺڷŵĳ嶯ʹ㽫ԼҲԶǸþ֮С
ŮǶϻɳĮĹ£ڶʩչȻ֮Դʵþ˳ȴȻʵþ֮С
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ѾʮˣȻԲѣӦԶ׹þ֮ˡȻǱɱȴҶ𣡡
ипĶ࣬ԭֻáȻ֮ۡѵ˭֪ΪԼĺ棬ȴûþ޷Ƶ顣
ֱڣȻδŪǸĻӰôͲԼָӣ
Ȼ¸֪ʵݣ֪ˣֻ»ȹϵϣֲ̿ð
˹´ʱһĪչ֮⣬޻һصĵطҲָ㣬ȴôҲ㲻δ
һΡȻ֮ۡҲû뵽ص⣬ȵ·ʱ֪ԣǣ⡮Ȼ֪֮ۡԼҲΪģΪҪǻþ߳Ψķֱǿ־˸޴Ӹ档
㰡⺢ôܹϹأҪ⣬ϷεɲϷ鷳⣬Ҫǣ⣬һԪڵľ޴ʧ
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ˣʹȻ֮ۡһһءִʵ̫ϴҲ˹ġȻ֮ۡǵڶأԶı˻þ֮С
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Ҫǳ飬ϷҲס㣡Σ
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Ϊʮ侲˵ȻΪİΣģΪ˹µİΣģеΪ»֮Σ
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ЦȻ͸¶ˣһ£˵ĿɿڴѾɵˡ
δһԪڵĽӰˣ⣬ôܣһԪ˾ݵһڣĴУһٶ߽Ӱ࣬Ϣʵ̫ˡ
˵˵ϢǼٵģʲôˣֺ˵˵ˡ
ˣô˵ǹΣӣôҪҪǱŪɻԲѣôһԪڵĴԭ򣬹½ҪеҪΡ
ƺѾԤδˣ¼ûмĿԣ뱣ס
ˣͨһԪݳߣһҪȾȹ£ˣ
ͨһڵأһʱ䣬жݣ˫üšһߣϵĳɼһߡ


1178 
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⻰˵ЩαȴҲûˣ⵹ʵ
˾ΡΡΪǹµܣԶϣ»ܶˡ
ĳ飬ϷҲܵۡһԪ䲻ɱϷ򣬵ǣԲСҲ˵Ϸ򼴽ѱĵطΪϷԾǴشˡϷھѯǣʲô취Խʵþда취ϷҲ
һ죬͸һŨŨİˡ
ͬʱҡҡͷΨг̾Ϣ
㰡ϷǷ㣡
쳤̾һɢ̫Եķɽ
ĵϥأͬʱ̵ӭ񽣡ʡ
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˵ͬʱѾһѪɫɽǽԾ˵ٶն֮ˡ
ಣ
˲ûѡֵڼ״̬¼˲ƶ㿪¶֮ʱ²㡣
һ˵òԸı䣬һ˵ϢȴǺѸıģ¸ܵϤϢ΢΢˼ӣϳ˭
ӭˣ
æ棬ϥʩȴǳϿֳϻ̡
ųƶϻɳĮΨһˣչأܹü֮ˣ
񣡡
˵µĪʧ
лˣ֪˴ݹ٣Ϊ£Ըһɡ
²˿ԭأ˫ʹͷҲֻҽ߳˿ðϻɳĮΨһˡ
㣬ǧ겻ΪϷһ츳Ϸ֮£ϷοϷǰ㷸һĴԶʩչȻ֮ۡءϷȥҽ
£ȻһѾڵķ֮С
Ϊ鷸ʱ˵ҲԾѡ
ʱжӰ˲ƶһΣȴûгֻǶӰɫæ¶Ц˵常壬ôҲˡ
Զˣµֻ࣬ȴûƽʱ¡
ô常Ȱ棬¿ɺãĻˡ
ǵıù岻һ죬˵ʲôȴû˵ڡ
֣ʱˣ㣬ǿǷ񻹿ԾȻ
˵ʱѾչ˲ơ


1179 
ߣ
˲ƽֻ·㶵Ĺ¡
Ѿ֪ΪȻ֮ۡ飬ȴôҲ벻ףһ߶ѣôͷɵ壬˹עأ
ƺҪ
뵽Ҳ˹֮С
ʵĶϻɳĮʱ֮ȴʵĴ齣⵹һ
ԭΪԼǹڣȴִ֮ϵĴԣѾ֪ˡ
֮ʱǡÿһˣǣڴϻܣ²ǹ¾סĵط
ˡ
Ԥе˵ʱ̱۾װ¡
ʱֳ֡񽣡ˮ˲ƶ㿴ڴһ
ǿɽԲҵġն콣˻˭أ
ʶ̽鵽ˣǱ۾Ҳܹ֪˵ò
һ˲ʱ䣬ѾɷȫںϣΪƾֱ߾ԲǷ֮
ߣаȻԪϻɳĮϷ񽣡նɱһֵаħԪ
νǹңʱû뵽սʤþعʵ
ʱָоʹȻȥԶһʱ侹Ȼ϶ͣ˼ӡ
øӣȻ츳ĵӣϷûˣӰͽѣҲ֣Ϸʰ̯ӣǲݺһ٣ϷΪ
н֮ʱȴҲȻ֮ɫҪ˾̫̫ࡣ
ʦʶ˭ѵϻɳĮҲһԪڵΧ
в²ţԼװԣ͵һЩڶϻɳĮһԪڵܡ
ಣ
ǶӰƾճڷ֮У񣺡ˣ
һˣ伤ԭ˱ǶϻɳĮˣҲһֱ赲ԼǰĻ֮ˡ
ȻĳһЩİƲ⣬ҲʲôСɫ
ȵʱȵ㣡ĺ£Ϸ£
ǣˣ
ѾµԼ˴ֻû뵽˾Ȼŵ
ڶϻɳĮΨһֻηһˣǾϻɳĮˣ¸˿ײ֮ԡ
¹Ĺڵأδ˵Ѿڵˣ֪ˣһʱ嶯ʹ޷ȫƵġȻ֮ۡأаħֻþ˽
ߣ֪ʲôãЩԣŽ̲ģηϷ޷аħ㷸µ
һвЩڣʱԼֹܹҲڷ˴
һΣҲûаٷְٵİаħԹԸ
ˣʵ֮һ档
¾̵
ˣһǹģ˿¶꾡ְص£һɣ
ͨһڵأֳݡ
ﲻ
֪ûʲôЧȴȻѡΪ顣
˾һۣоǸм֮飬ʱ˿̣¼常ͬʱΪԼ飬оһᣬöΪԼˡ
һо֪Ǿ˵ݣȻ˹ġ
ǹҲﲻɣѵΪһ˶ŮΪ˸߿ԼѵΪԼӵͽ𣿡
뵽ԼֱƭˣƭȻģֻⷴӸΪء
ΪʦȻǹŽڣȴܹԼӵʵĿ꣬ʵļͽȥŬʵ
Ҳûã֮Ϊ常Ҳйо𷣡С˾׼һ
Ȼ˵飬˾һ㶡
ˣ¿»Ҫ˵ʳӰ˼С
仰͸¶⼸ȫɫҲĿɿڴ
ʳӣ
һ˼̲µе˼ԭ⹫ĵ˵ŮҲΨſԽ͡

ŭзɽ߸˲ָľȴη壬ֱֱ˫˵ʳӰ
ΪϻɳĮΨһˣһ˶ײԼһҪ빫µĹϵʱ˵ܣжʱŭա
ͷߣٸҺϷ̽ɱ
˵ɢһɿ񱩵ơ
һʣЩֲʱŮУȻӵԸ˵ϣֻڸŮϵϣһ棬ƾ˷䡣


1180 
֪ڸģ
Цнն£ǣ㱻ն׼
ϻɳĮܵƵӰ죬ΪϻɳĮˣΪϻɳĮĹ
ʵͼһնɱʵ˷ּ߶ԣһնɱʵڷٵĵ˽׶Ρ
ŭն󣬾Ѿ˵֪˵Ŀ֮һֻ·һ
ߣϷЩϣֻնɱһΡٸΥϷ˼ôֻҪϷԾ㽫ɢ
ԭأֳַɽ˵ɢǿΧ˲˿춯Ҳ֪ʵǿ
ͷ­ܿ㻹ԭ˾ϣȴǳֽ֮ɫлΪµİΣġ
常㲻Ҫ˵ˣҶһкеȻҪɱңǾɱ꣬ҲζҲҶһֽѡ
·ǰȻ˫ϥأȴǲһۣһ̣֪Լһ֮ա
ԭ˲ҵףΪʲôһֱϢΪʲôһֱôǶģһ常壬ҲҪࡣ
кһŨŨĺ⣬ԭηˣʱȴԼˣָоȴֲòܡ
ߣ˵ˣڲҪΪˡҪıǾˣֻҪ±ûˡ
ҲһԹȰ
ŭ黳ʱ޷վڹǰָо
ߣ㵨˵һ䣬Ϸ̻㣡
˵Ȼ֤ŶϻɳĮ˵ϣв
ղűնɱһ£ʱҲ侲һҪ˵ʱͻȻԵ춯
͵֪֮ʧ̬ԣȻһǿǱӴϷ
ţţ
¼ĽедžϲĹâ
ͬʱȴȻ԰Ȼʵþл
СģѾħ壡
˵ε֮ǰеķɽɢҫ۵Ĺâƺʱܻᳯ
һֻΪˣȴû뵽ᱻԷɽָæЦǰҪĪҪ޹֮ˣʲôħ
ʵֲǷղһ˵ֻǺķӦʱǿʶ̽ȥߣδħ֡
ֶ˾ĿɿڴԼΪԼɱ¶һĨЦû£ԣǲˡ
͵ĺȻԴӡȻ֮ۡػþı·ʵУ̫ˣЩħϽļһ

ͬ˵ͬʱҡͷ̾ı鵹ʮĬЩ֪ˡ
򣬱ҪΪˣ
¾ϲ˵ΪܹطϻɳĮҲѡ
㣬ţη´⣬ӣڿʼϷԣһ֮ڣ˵һԣԸ
ù²˹ȥһ꣬ͷڰ궼ҪȻڰ꣬ҲҲ˵Ҫǽһ꣬ӾĲùˡ
൱ȻǿƣԼŮ£ȴӲ֪ԼʵݣҶޱȡ
Ĺ£ΪĬ˭ҪиǿƵĸס
ʾҡҡͷԽʹȥǸŭԡ
СӵͦӲģϷģ
ȭЦڿ࣬ʵȴǲҵȭбԿ
ǰˣµһֱӲлǰ֮²ʤм
Ҳȭ˵ȴе飬ǹ̬ƾ˭ó
СӣĸԣϷϲ
ڶϻɳĮбΨһߣй֮񣬶ȴ⣬һΪݣΪûʧѾ뽫ͽܡ
ǰĸԣҲͣ
Цţ֪ǶϻɳĮˣҪһԪڵǰ
ǰһűӴЦ
֮ͶԵʱһָооһˣҲͶԵˡ
λɳĮߡѾˣϷ㲻˵ˡʶһ£λ˵ɳĮ޵֮ͬʱҲ常
ʱΪĽ˸ʶ
ǰ
֪Щ˶ǻ˺ܶϹһǰҲ֮Уǹмӡ


1181 
ѲÿϷһУǰƣ
ʱҲΪ²ҪеΡ
ѣҲĪҪƺϷǰϷ°ܽʵҵ
ЦǺǵ˵
һˣʱĻΨֻܹ֮ЦΪ´˽
һ鲻дʱȥΧ߷׷׸׼硣
Ǹί֪Լ֮գȴǲܹĸϣ׾ȻԼ´˽
жԹҲ֮⣬ֻȴԸ˵ϣھ翪ʼʱֱرܣҲûȥ磬Щѻ
ڹĻ֮УԶһԡ
öԱ߿ţָоʵЩƣǰþǰǰһҲǢһ㣬ա
׼
ǺЦһ֣ͬʱл
Χ޵Ůźƣһվһλڴ֮һȺŮڽиݡ
ϯϣֻЦԽԽͣԽĽӣȻҵĵӣԼѾȫҲһŮ
츳Ƚ츳ԵòһεģһЩƽ⡣
Ϸһ
ƣȴҲоңѾ²ʦӹϵ򣬲ڶԼ
ǰҲһ
Ͷұ׵ͷ㲻ֹ츳ǻۣҲϵ
ھ׼ٱʱѾһЦǰǰ¾һ
Ҳң
ͬʱЦ˵ΪҲΪ⡣
˫־ƺȥԶʹƾƣͨ˲࣬һȿˣԳԡ
˿ʼģ̲סеĺģʵ֪νʵþôһ£˵
Լþ֮˵һ飬мʡҲ鹹飬֮ǡôһЩʵ
ԣ겻ѣ־ᶨǻߣȥ޻أпԶͣǲþ֮УпĲشۡ
һнϷ֮Ůܹѣ˵Ǹӵи֮ˡϷΪŮ룡
Ůвһᣬ̬Ȼ
ǰǧδ⣬ͨĽͣҲ֪ǹ˵ġȻҰȻôȥˣǰǧǸⱭƣɢɣ
Цź±оơ
߰οɺϷˣϷֻһ㣬Ǻ֪äĿ£㵹ãȻϷĹϵ˳֪еĺ
¶ЦвɻЩ׵¡
ˣʵڲΪԴԼŮ꣬˽еչˣ³Ͽֳϻ̽չ񣬸ѾϻɳĮ֮ãʵĴɻΪ˻֪ʵݣѵ˲ԣǳƽҲƽ
ںȾ֮Ǹȥ˵ı飬·ϵ
ȴд󾪣͵͵һۣɫ֮䲢̫仯Է
Ҳ빫µĸȤΪҲĪĹǹһģһĳ࣬ʼĹϵ
ˣ³çײ𷣣
ǲʱʹ˵ⷬз㷲
ΪϻɳĮΨһˣһֱȨ˵ɣԸ˭սϻɳĮ֮ϡ
ΪԼͷʱȻ¶һȻ飬Ӣݾͻڴ˿̶һ㣬Ǵ͵̬֮⡣
ͻȻһĳĬŵҲӰ쵽˳ĬʱܹܵأĻʹ
Ϊ˸ĸ֮ѣߣ˵ûҲϷˣҴף㻹ʲôҪ˵ģ˵ɣϷƽ򣬱ɢ֮ʱ
˵ϵҲ¶ߵΣֻһ񣬵һ𣬲㱻ŵȡ
ǿʦӣҲû޷ĸо
ܹľΪɢһε͸ߵϣչ¶ʱ־ᶨ޷Ȼ
֮٣ھͶ֮䣬һһ飬ӰԷľʵǿĴȻ𾴡
ǿߣǿߵϣκ˲ַ


1182 
ʱ˿̣ҲᵽиӸ飬ƾʱı֣Բ֮ˣ෴ȴ֮ˡ
һ̸ܵ˾޴ѹʱıֱҪ򶨡
ǰðɱһΣʵѾھ֮£ʱ˵Υ֮ԣȻ޷¶ɫͨ졣
ʱ˫ӣεѹԽǿ
ѹкξ֮УŲʵⲢԼûеֵ֮
˫ֱƽ֮Уһӣ·ԵĲһһǿߣһ޹ؽҪͨˡ
ƵᣬУ
δֵȴΪľӰ졣
¶Ц⣬ȴԶԶǰɣڹ۲쵽ʱʱٴһΡ
ǿˣ츳ǻۣǣԶ֮ϣΪһԪһٮٮߣǣƺûʽݹɽţѵֱ̬ŵģ
зľǿʱҲΪܹյʵþӳ
Σգγɳ
ʵþ֮ԺþصɸΪӦԡ
ҡҡͷоԼľܵӰ죬עڴʱתԼҲЩ˼顣
ˣ¾ԲҲԸΥˣð˵ϡֻǣ븡常꣬ʵھ˲׵ݣƽģ²ԣ
ϹϾ˵ͷ͵Ĳ棬ΧŮѾԭɪɪˣΪ֮ˣκһ˵Ӱˡ
µһѾһѾ
̾ϵȻȫ˵תΪƽͣһ޷ˡ
ղΪ֮һɣҲԵƣһ㣬ַ磬Ѿﵽ豹ľ硣
Ϊһ˵۹⣬֪Ϸкο
ش׸˽кλشӵ⡣
Բ㾪֮ɫ΢΢һЦȻȽоһƵЦ
Сӣͱˣлֱ˵ɣϷ֤һƽϡ
Ϊ˼ɲųٳٲϷԣǸһŶ衣
ʵϣĵĺޱҪ˼ͲµʦӹϵƣᵣὫԼô
ǺǣǰԲӣ¿ɲӣҲǰĳһŭֻǣ¶ֻ֪һεԡ磬ǰϸ˵ĿΪǰнѡ
΢Ц˵ϿҶʵٴζĿ࿴Ϊ˽
ƺΪǶת˲٣̾һеǻ˵ӸһϷ㽫ϻɳĮȻ󽻸ֻ֪Ҳö֪ڶϻɳĮЩ꣬ϷڸҪϸһΪﲻϷҪ̱طô֪˶ίϷгΡǣϷĲԸܱҿһӲϣȴΪСӣ鼱֮͸¶Ϸܡ
ЩҲΪ⺢ӳеڶίϷֻ֪ǣϷû׼ŮϡãϷǶԣǴ
ΪϻɳĮΨһˣʱ˵ȴôͣͻ绻һƵġ
мΪ£Żо˶Ը㲻ƽʱڴˣôϣܹ˻ת⣬ϸŮ
ȴоһʵԼȻԴһ֪һֱΪŮ
۾֪ܲԼĿԣȴϣԼĸ飬ϣ԰Լ⿪˵Ľᡣ
һֱ˵ı龡۵ףһзһ顣
ܼ򵥣ŮŮʵϵЩһֱȴй¶ϢӶ¶˸Ůϵ
ڵʵ̫ϡƽˣڵϣӵǣԾ˵͸⡣
䣬йΪǰս½ǰ˽ĹԾ˵£ʵҲ˵ʲô¿Կ϶ǣǰ꣬һͿ๦ߣ˵ʳӡ˰֣й¶ⱣܣҲ³̸кδ󡣷֮ǰΪǰ¾һ
ٴ˵ȻٱʱѾѣͲݺᡣ
лл⣬лл㣡ɱ


1183 
еľڿѸٵķɹı֮Ľоһ
˽ԾеȴЩʧǲԼġ
ʧ֮ʱͻȻȭ˵ǰ˵ǰûⲢǾ˵ǰд
ף˻ִ˫һдȻûдǾӦϷдСӣϷθڣԸ꣡
ʮֺĻ
Ը꣡
һۣȻͬȭ˵
ǺǣҾֱ˵ɣ䣬ܶಢ޶ۣȴҪǰǰˣҴסǰ㲻һдԼĺϺλǲ
׳һ⣬˵ͬʱͷ
˵ɽǰǵһμ棬ȴһʡµĽǶǰܹмӣǸ֮أЩ꣬ǰһֱԹʮʵ޿ɺǣΪ׵İһڴȰϡ
Ҳ˵ʦͽ˵ϸӡǰһϣгϢԴؼһ㣬ǰ½ǰֱ񣬽ԲԸùµ֪ʵࡣһΪǰΪΰΪף֮˲⣬һȴֻǰȥܣǻһˣҲ־ʧأǰй¶ˡ
ͨ˽飬ΪǰһҲûֻΪһǰй¶ܡоãǰһǸ֮ˣʦһ㣬ԣǶŮ֮
ⷬϸ˽Ŀɿڴ¹飬ȻһȫµӽЩһһԹȻоԼһֱûˣƺ˵һֱ֮ˡ
һԣ
˵仰ЦһЦȴ͸ĳį֮⡣
СӣϷƨ⣬˵Ļûκε
ЦϣͻȻ˵Ȼз쭵ļþһ𣬸׼ȰȴҲһˬʵĴЦ
ǰ˵ĲԣǰǸ˶ݵġðɣǰ̽ˣ¼Ȼ˵еǰһֱʹжա
һתѾȴǷ΢΢ףжѾﵽһ塣
СӣܹĵӣϷֺּޣϷûǰ㣬򣬾ϷƴҲܹ㡣
ղŲװѾķڷ˵Լ֮ˣγأ
ǺǣǰƯŮʦûУҲ£ʦҪǼŮҲĽӼʺޡ
򵥵һ仰ƽ˲á
ߣϷıŮϷĽ
һְȻ˵
ٺ٣ҲӵıͽܣҲӵĽ
а룬仰ɲֱ˵쭡
Ц֮һ뵽㣬ȴһʹϧĸое꣬Ϊͬʱ£Щʹ£κȴʼ
ǰ֪һ飬°Ǿͽ˵ɣǰΪŮϣǺԵʣ
𽥵Ŀʼչ﹥ƣΪղ˵֮ˣΪеܡ
Сӣû뵽Ĺ۲Ȼ˾ˣҲգϷȷ飬ȴ˵ˣȥһоȥɣ
ЦЦⲻ֮¶֮ɫһȱݣǽصĺ
ðɣǰȨܣֻǰǰԹһҲƽ֪ǰûǹµĸܣʱոյ֪׵˭ȴ̱ĽһꡣǴĽǶȿǣǰԵĸ̫ʧˣ
Щ˵Ȼû뵽лչ黹ǲͬԼ
µΪֹҪᣡߣҲҪˣ常ϷȻˡ
еĸٴ͵ľƱ˾ơ
ǿƵԸ£Ҳ˵ֻѾʼͬǸһģһŮӡ
ｻƣΧһȺŮʼѤû赸һʱ䣬ƺվȥ
̹ȻУҲԽԽɻԼǲǸղ˵ˣƽĶԴŮ̸ԡ
µı壬ѵҲһ壿һ壬ߡһߣһߣǹµĸҲһߡѲɣΪ;Եʣ
аԴţнһЩ顣
ⳡһֱһһҹĵĵͶĵ̸


1184 
нʱѾ꽻жӵĽԱ
޲ɢ֮ϯһн֮ʱ
ڼʶ츳֮ѾһҲоЩ֡
ˣи֮룡
밴סеͷȴʱƣ뿪ڻûܹס
˵޷
ƽ˵ȴԤеҲֻðΥ֮ԡ
ˣȻ˹µ常ô¶Ϊ뽫
˵һ䣬һۣЩζ
Ϣذը˵֮⣬û뵽˼
ǰɣ˵ңҾһӦ̫Եˡ
˵Ȼǲɫ˵ǵ̬ȡ
סˣڵ¾ԲɣϷŮ¹Ϸֻ常㻹ʸ˵Щ
ˣΪǰ;룬¿¼꿡ţΨҪǸԺǰ;
ζͣⷬ˵͵һ
ȥȴɫȻӢϹЩص΢Ц۾Լӣ̩ȻĶϡ
һῡţϷ֮ʣŹ˼
аޣȴҡͷԲݷϵ˵ԲӣϷ֮Ů˵ߣǱ׼ߣν;زݣ
д󼱣Ƿˣ񣬾ѾûǰЩֹĹءΪβܹҵ˺õĹأ
ߣ߾ǿһվǻᱻ룬ϷѾַ֮࣬ԼŮٴξһΣϷСŮи㣬ǲ֪Ǹߡ
ŭ˵˫ŭŵͣȴ˵
ϢŭҲҪʹǻ֪ʲô̬ȡ
ûȰԷ
Ʋ⣬϶ŭ𣺡Ϸ򲻴Ӧ
˭֪ԻʵСӣ˵˵ϷСŮ㣬ʲô̬ȣ
ԽЩ׽͸ˣƢȴױꡣ
ǰ£²ʤмֻǣΪأǧĸ飬ǰ¡
ȭܾ
ˣ뵽ܾҲЩƣԼŮ˾ָܾоκܡ
СӣߣϷ뽫СŮ㣡㵹ãŮϷҲǿ㣡Ҳ
̹Ȼ˵һʱ˿̣޼ù˵µɡ
ЦЦк빫һģһĳ࣬ʵǰ֪û˵һߣ
ִδ
ɻ˵
ͬΪһԪڵӣȻû˵ҪǲһԪ֮ˡ
ǰ㵥̸һ̸¹ش󣬻ǰ׼
룬ȭ˵
ã
Ӧֻһ񣬾ˣЩŮҲ׷׳ټĵֻʣˡ
ǰ֪һԪʲôݣ
Ȼ˵
СӣϷʦһ㳤Ϸһʦɡ
Ц
ʦϣԽԻͬΪһԪڵӣʦô᲻֪Ϊˣ
ѯʵ˼ʦʦãҲʦá
Ϊ棡ϷıֱʦҪһȴΪ˴űɳͷһ֣˭ϸ˵
ƽ˵ΪμԼˡ
ѾˣȻʶôǶ˵ĹϵѰζʮ֮˾ſǸŮϵ
ףȻܲܣ뵽˫ͻȻڿĴʩչӰ
ΧĿռ俪ʼҵĲһᣬһȹŮӱڿУŮһȹֳַɽĿԶ
ⲻôˣƺƽʱͬ㵽Ҫ֪ϷʲôǲҪˡ
к棬Щͷʵ
ʵԽԽӽҵĲˣֲ빫µһ顣
а룬Ц˵ǰҪϸˣҪϴˡ
֮ǰ㿴Щ쳣ŮȻһģһװ磬ü֮ȴǽȻͬ
ŮӰԭأ͸Ž飬ڵȵĳһ㡣
ϿûʲôŮ빫¼һģһôô¡
ףߣ


1185 
ʧɫһ֤ʵ빫µ𣬶Ҳʮֺ棬ηݵġ
˵Ǹ
ȻЩ
µɻڣʱ֮ˣ˵ûѪԵϵǲŵġ֪ǰΪΣ
ʵ
סˣʮӣżֵ˵죬ϷΣʲôʱһԪڵģ
Ҳ֪
ҡͷ˵ƺδδ֪
ı仯൱ʣڳĬƬ֮ڷһ춯صŭ𣺡ӣС쵰ȻϷϷһҪúýѵС쵰һΡ
͵ߵľš
ã˷ˣһСӲСĵ
˵
ϲھĸ飬Ȼֻǳȴһʡ
򣬿취ܹСΪϷ򱳺ڹ
֮±Ҫ빬ȴסˣֵܣ侲Ҳ˲δ쭣򲻿ڴʱ˵ϡ
ҡҡͷĿеɫ
ͻȻҲһΪһкԤף˭֪ͻȻһͨ˸Ѫͷ
ͽܵģʦ˴ǲʲôʵǶԲʦ
ȻΪѡ˷ʶɣչġ
֪С˺׼â
˭֪ӻ֮ʱɷһЦЦ
ʦĳͽܱҲӦõģǳСӵϷǾ͹Сӵù
˵൱
бȥʦȥʲôӢۺú
Ե
ծӻʦծͽܻ쾭壡ϷһҪúýѵһ١
ʱƲѣйеŭǡֻܹ˵Ѱˡ
޳ܣ̫޳ˡٲˣʹ˸ǣ
˵ȥ
ڶϻɳĮܹӳԶ
ŲæЦ˫һ˿ǵĹâȻصһЦͷΡ
¡
Ͽմ¡֮ѾֱݶϷ
ӳͿѾڿš
ȫӹݳһգ֮ϣųϻɳĮŭڡ
ҵ°
Ƶĺ֪Լӱһս
ʦսЩû뵽Լ⵱ͽܵľȻҪ˱ҵ飬ǶϻɳĮˣԼºսʤ
ܶ飬ټ٣ټ棬һ׽͸
֪ҲҪԼأʦϢǧ꣬㹻ŭﵽˡ
ڹΧʱҲֻܹͬĿȴǲҳΥ˵顣
˭ʱս⣬ʱֹȻᱻ
ʦµĴɣ죬ϷҪķڷڣϷ򽫽ϻɳĮȫƣһɵս
ңմһâֺ󣬾ҲоƺҪࡣ
⼤һսս⣬ϾʦѣȫĳҲԼǰӡ
ĿģЩ²ʱȴǲһսΪʮ֮˾ףǾԼˣһϵսǲԼ˴Լˡ
ǰԩԩ౨ʱˣβŭ̸أҿԴʦ̸
˵ҲôԼ
ϻɳĮս˭ս˭ų򣡡
ȵݡ
䣡
ͬʱΪˣȻӦ
䣡
߹ĳ֮顣
սų򣡡
۸ߺìͷֱָ
սų򣡽սս
߷ĺеѾñĵĿ
ûã
ȻɫɵԭأûаսҲɰż
ų򣡡
Ϊ˱սָ
Ĵ£˶ָųǼѿ顣
ֻ̫СˣڱųȻһЦ⣬ȻܵĺҾųôΪϻɳĮˣһųսҲһųʮЦٲк壿
ΪųұΪųĿܼ֮Ӱ졣
һգʱȴЩ޿κΣҪ뽲Ҳ˵


1186 
ȴ͵֣ܹ˱⵹Ǽʮֺ顣
һֱǻ۹ƣʱҲû취㶨սӭսʵ̫ѡ
ʦһǵСųʦǸƭӣ쵰ӾǸ쵰
Ȼӵķʽ̼ͦȥսˡ
ԣһʦȷʵЩ쵰ûһ쵰
˵ʱ϶޵е˼룬ȻǲûܵӰ죬޿κΡ
ΪϻɳĮˣڴʱߵ棬ҲҪӣҲҪȣܹʽսܱǿгҪһ㡣
ǣǲϾͷĵط
ʱһЦȺдŭ̽ȥǸ㣬ǿаסŭ
ⱨЭЦĸˣڴʱԣΧ߾֪µݣвΪһѺ
ڶϻɳĮ⣬µΪ磬常Ҳ谮мӣ˭Ҳ׵﹫¡
ǣ˵ǰ´ʱıȴߺֱѰ·Ϊ
αЦôѵô뿴Ϸ󣿡
һֱŮʱȻˡ
Ϊ֮ˣŮҲϣһһ֪꣬ĺҲʧȥŮȫ顣
˾ηȴǲ£ǰ˵֮ˣȴû˵жԣʱ˹£༸һģһͻ֮ģų˵
ܵй¶ʱԿûмŭ֮ǰԼȴŭˡ
´ʱּû뵽ִԣůù¶Ŀ࿴
ҪѱҼŭϷд
дŭʱ̱֪ԼŮ飬Щڡ
㣬㲻ǶϻɳĮߣǱϻɳĮģ㲻ܶϻɳĮơȻ޵ֺѭҪ˵˵ܹô
»ȥһڱд𺳡
һʱ䣬ίͻȻӿļ䣬³ܲסĺˮȻ۵Ŀ޳
¾ˣЩ֪Ź£жʱһڵʹ
˵Ķԣҵ꣬ڵȵΪȴԴңĻ䣬ԸûףԸԶ֪ϢˣͷҰɣΥ˽ɱңҽ㣬Զʹ㣡
µд󱬷Ͳʵ飬ʱĴ߻£ȥ˵Ĵ󱬷
Ϊ˼Ϊ֮ΪãΪߣߣ;ϡ
Цµ˴Ȱ
ڿϳҵĸˣ
ĸжڴʱȴ飬˵ȲҵˣҲҵĸס˵ĶԣҴ룬ˣڴ֪꣬Ψһױ޹ءҲںŮȻʵһֱȥ͵ûŮɣ
˵ĺãĸײҪҲգ㣬֧㣡
ıܹԼΪжôıߣû뵽ھлףʧȥĽһŮġ
Ҫһ߳ϻɳĮһ𴳵磬Ը𣿡
ϵδɣȴǶ˵ΪֻԼߡ
ҪҴӦϷɱ㣡
Ļû뵽ŮȻȫʧأø߳ϻɳĮ
ǰŴ𣿡
һҪ治ϻɳĮˣһսʦӵĹϵţԼô
ҲɲĿû뵽ΪԼȻԶϻɳĮ˵ڹµļκ޷ΥģԲڵ֪Ϣ󣬱һȻء
½бĿܣԶϻɳĮ˵Ǹˣʱ˿̣Īļ
ֹǹ£ҲͬмΪ˵̫֮֮ˡ
Ŀ£һλԼ˵ĻԼڶϻɳĮλ
ϷŮϷԻ̣ܽֲܡ
ѹеŭȻͼֶϻɳĮ֮߷緶
֪飬ΪԭԹ˺ģδķչʵʧʡڣȨѡԼδף뱻һֱδѵ㲻һԣѡԼ𣿡


1187 
ʱĻѾһҲˣֱ֮кû뵽СӵǱʦţֱ첻£ز£ȻȫδԼ
ҪԻڣϷŮϷ֪ܲЩ꣬ϷһֱڰйעһҲΪһˣкʸϷŮĽŻҪ뿪ϻɳĮҲ˵Դͷ㣬ֻҪϷɱˣͲ뿪Ϸ򡣡
ŭڵð˵ǰֻ뼤֮һսʱҪѵһ٣ԼĴۡ
ԭˣһֱ˵Իڣһµˡ
˵꣬Ŀ۽ڹµϡ
Ŀ£µ۾˸ỨжĶͷһֳӵĿӿе˵˵ĶԣҵδҪԼѡ񣬲Ҫĸ棡ҪѡԼδҪ߳ϻɳĮȥҵҲı䡣
ֱ˶ɵɴ۾ڿ΢΢š
ԭǲ׼븡ϣֻΪûʵʱ
УҪôһֱϣҪôһϱøԼŮϵһбԤ뻹Ҫ⡣
ܶ᲻ĸ࣬ʱѾ֪ʧȥ˸ģһԺ븡ĹϵѺۣҪ޸Բ򵥡
ҲѧϷɱɱϷΪ㣬㱻һԪڣΪܹ㣬ֻܹ˵ϷӤػڣ˷ƽ˾ڶϻɳĮУΪһˣȴϤչ㣬ѵЩϷ𣿡
ݵ˵ɫ֮Ѿʧȥ˶ϻɳĮߵķȣǲĻҲеܽҷҲϸ
һԪڽһ𣿲ô̬ϸɣѵΪ˱ߵѪͳ
ⷬУ֪˲ϢвЩǡ
Ȼ;ôϴθʦһħŮӣʦҲˣ᲻ʦأ
в²ţڹؼʱ̻ʮںӵģϾǵʦͽ
Ҳǵһ˵Щ飬ҲЩɶĳ޼˲١
ãʱý˵ҵ˵һǲԭ㣬ǻֱ֡
²ޱ֮ˣʱѵöݵĻᣬԼ֮սҿ
΢΢㶣ʹ֮У뵽ĸ֮еʹ
˾ܣĲ뵱˶˵Ŀ⻷ʱȴЩ˽˫۷Ź⣬εĵԼ
¶һĨԴصЦ⣬ʱѾͨìתԼϾˣԭʱӦ׼ģȴǳں棬Բžʲôԡ
㲻ҪΪ£ΪѾἰΪŮΪŮֱΪ֣ȻΪŮ
ĻȻʧˣ˵仰Ѿչ˲ƣͻȻڸߡ
£˻رΥߣɱ⣡
һֺ˵˻һ̸ظĻһṦ򣬳⣬˽ԽԶȥ
֮ĪҲӣ
Զݺֻʣ˻ԭͣ
˻رܣҲԤ֮ڣʱʮƽԶޡ
Ѿ֪ԼĹϵѾͬ㾴ηʱҲͬͶԶ
˵ı֣ǿ̾ϢһŻߵǰݵ˵Щ̫꣬ίˣΪԲ㣡
ԣֻתͷԸĵǸ
Ϊ۾Ϊ֪һࡣ
ƽıͣܵĴ̼˿ĲһԴ㡣
ʲôʱһ뿪ط
ȥˣת˵Ļдŭ
ǺǣҪߣǰܴӦ
֪´˿ܵԼļľУҲһ޸顣
ôûҲˣ˵ĶԣˣҪԼϡȻҲǶϻɳĮһԱʱȥкηֻںԼӣĹң
˵󣬱첽ߵߣȫĴڡ
ȥͻȻһݳ죬֮ǰǸоġ
ǵõһۼʱôĹ龫֣ԸöԸȫǽȻͬĶˣڴ˿̣ģȴǾԽˡ


1188 
˼һѱ뿪ϻɳĮģĸ׾һԻҪǽءҪ㣬
ԥľܾЦ
һ˵˶仰ȴǲŲʣһ뿪ϻɳĮʮֵΣԶԶԼĻҪӡ
ܱҿˣܹصǰڴǰǶԼмӣΪԼΨһˡ
ѵԶΪ𣿡
ȲģԲ׷ʵ
ԣҲ΢΢һû뵽׻꣬ʱȴԸ׵ݺԼ˵
һݵԥһۣװӶţ񷴵ۡ
⸸ŮìУǱֵķǳƽ͸ߵı飬һ˿ֵ΢ЦǸ֡
ҲܣҾҪ㣬֪߳ϻɳĮģҸһȥ
Ȼ͸ˣȴǲĵĳҪһ뿪ϻɳĮ
öϻɳĮ䵽˷龳ԿеŭȥҲ಻סɷһŭ𣺡㣬Ϊ˵ôܲΪ
»ȥˣǱ˴ҲȻǣ͸ˣ۶һ
䱯кܶ࣬ŮǰȴȫӸףҲӦ䱯顣
ãȻ㲻ΪΪ͵ŮǻΪ㡣
ŭˣǿɢһɿֲƽµ֡
ҲɢƣֱӳƵֵȥ֮չѹĽ
ˣˣܷڣǰڱȹ¡ѵΪѵһ٣Ϳ¿ɱҲף
Ȼ˵޾ɢƣΪûʹ
𣿡
鲻Խ˵Ρ
ȻҪҾ͵û㿴
˵ͬʱѾһѪɫɽ
Ƿɽֱ˹µĲ䣬һΪȷʵʧɫ
ಣ
ɷһŵѸٵں˾ŵɷдЩ־ɫʱµĹϸסˡ
ǧɵ£
ʹŵȻΪ˷ֹɱʵ֤󣬾㹫
ಡ
ͬļȻа˵뱾ʵѾھ֮£ʵǿҪƿعȴҲЩѶȡ
֣ΰ
һߺˣһ˵ѾһƬ֮ɫ
һߣһһ֮ģǷǳصģ޷ɱľ߱һţӰ쵽Ժ
Ҫ򲻿ңΪϣ
£оڴ˿̣ԡ
ÿҲ뿴㣬뿴㣡
µȻЩʧأţͬõ񻯺ߡ
ɲǶϻɳĮߣǧҪɵ£ĺ𰡣
ʱԵЩ޴룬Ҳû뵽ŮϺǼ龰
µҲãģ׺޸飬ҪԼδѾʧȥĿ꣬һˣǾȴ˲ٷա
ľ£΢΢һǷķɽѩ׵ļѪŷɽıԵδ¡
ٲ߿Ҿǰ
ºֻҪüͷ­ᱻɽն¡
ãߣߣ벻ˡ
Ҷ֣Ψֻ¶׷ǣεĺˣƵһе˼ԣտ¡
޶֮ˣҲʾ뿪һֻ˲ɣû⣬лô̱뿪ˡ
뿪󣬹·ڲѪɫɽһ˳ճնһԵҲΪ֮ݡ
ΪѪԵĹϵڰƣһʱ֮俴Ĵסˡ
УŮӻ㱻ΪֱҼ
³ճյǰֽɽŵأƺɽ޷֧壬ھήҵ£Եҡҡ׹
ճյĿŹµеǸһӾͬŰһ㡣
˶ųĬз飬ô꣬ףĸ׶ûг֣ӻǸӵʱ常˵ףĸһҵԼġ
ԴˣһֱһֱڰǶˣÿһ˵ʱһطĸĸ
ǣ˭֪Ǹ׾ȻߣһֱԼʮȴû˸Լס


1189 
Ǹף常ʣҲԶԼȻô궼ԼŮΪʲôڻҪ˵Լĸס
˺ܶ࣬뵽ĸף֪᲻븸һأ
ģĸߣһݵģҼš
п϶ղŵĵת˲٣ԭ±һֹ۵ˣֻ˸׵Ӱ죬֮⣬˵µоûдﵽҵĵز
ĬţҲͬĬţʹûӰ죬ճյŹ¡
ʱ󣬹µѾתϷ·Ҳк֣ΪһֱĿбӵԼ
ѾʱˣΪʲôңѵұ羰ÿ
뵽ԳЦЦȻ͵תͷ峺˫

µпһ˫ôݵ峺䣬飬˿һ۱¡
Ľ¿ԷͷæջĿ⣬̧ͷԶĲã
ôĿ⿴ң
̲סеĺ棬ʵ
Ϊÿ£ҾϲŮô򵥡
ͷҲص˵ϸֳһصЦ⣬ЦԷھԲᶮ
ղŵ常ĸƣ
˵仰󣬺ое㲻ԾεЦЦЦޱȡ
Ǻǣˣ
عͷЦĿѾڣʱĿȻ
û֪࣡ˣһ㰮ˣԲԣ
˵⻰û˿죬͸һ˵Ц⣬˵вͬ
ûУ
϶˵ҲŮӵֱˬĻҲ˵Ůӵ֣ȴһˬķζ
;ΣУУҪ㽫Ȣ˰ɣȢңһѱȫߣҸף
»ָƤԸ̾ЩͷʹղΪʲôҪһֱֹɱأԸܹɱŹˣ
˵иԵҲ˲٣ʱȴµĻ׵ˣû뵽һŮӼֻ˵ڡ
ϼʵѵá
ͷ˵޷֣ܿղŵĻ⡣
ˣϲңϲ˵ɣҪΣҪ¸ҵıסҲһӦأ
յϵЦҲоľ֪Լ顣
ȣ°ɣڣҲ㿪Ц̸̸ĸװɣ
ֱӹµ۾˵
ҼӢʵǿߣȻʵҶģ츳ˣᳬԽû㿪ЦôһֱһӢӻҵ֮У룬Ǹ˾㣡ҵھԺ㣬㲻ޣסҲڿЦ
Ҳ۾˵͸з顣
ŮôˣҲŸոʶôͻأ
еץ񣬴ʱ֪˵ʲôˣƽĶۣ⹫µòԿԴԼͨʱ䣬ԸҲǺˬǷԼθڡ
һѣȻûģҪ˵Ǿͷǳˡ
㲻شĬˣĬϲңǲǣ
ѾʹֶΣǻ
ѾиˣҪǺҲһˣǸƻץɣղŵǽŮڱɹƭŮˣˣҪǻ벻뿪ϻɳĮˣ
˼ţǺܼ˵ԲƯҲܿɰǲϲ֮ͣûܣ㻹Ǻú㸸ദɣ
㿪Цģǲǣ
µıЩ죬жӡ󲻴ʵþл󣬶Ȥ˵Щ
ԼԿ׺󣬹¶ĺøһأԼ۾ʱڴ˹£ǣ²Ż˵ǡ
޷粻ˣûио˵Ļ
˵ʵ㿪Цģǲǣ
ڵڶʳĻ󣬹ͻȻۿȻЩʪˣˮۿдת
֮ʱûлشԭڹĸ׾ѺǴʱҲĻὫϾ·
Ӧ˵̫棬̫أŮӣȫΪ֮ѹֲܹĸ顣
ţվڹϣȻдҲԲǹġ
ֻǣڻȫе飬жϡ
㲻ǿЦģǲǣ
µĻжһ֣Խ䣬ʱпܶ
һһģһѪԵϵŮӣĲԼǰ


1190 
ǿЦģ
εѡЭȴЩԻ󣬲֪Լ᲻ôߡ
µı仯Ĺ൱ḻϵİ˽תΪϲۿдתˮȴ˲ʧӰ١
Ҿ֪㲻ܾңҺܺأƯֿɰǿʵ㣬֤кô
Ц۾ˣЦʱʤգҲٴȻ𾪵Źµ
ȻعʱԼһǹղŵıпǹװģӦǿƣԼȴƫƫƭˡ
ٸһλᣬҲ˵ǿЦģΪҲ뿴ǰᣬһҲС
ţҲȻˣͬʱҲ֪Լ鷳Уһǳ鷳
֪ˣϲ㣬ҲϲңҾˣҲҵˣǻһ˫ޡ
˵ʱ治֪Ů֪ԸһҲԸԹ¡
㣬ô֣֪˫޶ٴˣΣҪôԽ
˼ţһȴǿǲŮ
ڿʲôأǲǾҺƯھ˫ˣҪƿ۾ղһģ
¶˲õЦ⣬һֳַɽָգһֻЦ
ಣ
һɫӰڿк׵΢΢һΣ̱ʧʵܲ⹫µľòʮΪϼơ
ǰΪһսȡ˶ϻɳĮһſ˲ٶǰ
ô˵߾أһ̫ûòˣ
¶մ˵Ȼ¶һصЦ⣬Զķвż
ڹ˵껰һӰĳڹǰ˵

µķ˲ƶȥֻһ㶵
ô˵߾أôܹң
ԭһţ޿κε˵ȴ빫˵һ޶
ԶǴƬĹľԣ빫Ѿټȫޣȴܹ֪˵ķλ
һҹϷıŮϷû棡ðɣԡѪ䡯ɣҪܹڡѪ塯ΧɱһƬ죬ϷͽϻɳĮˡ
Զ˵˫һǻ۵ľâ
Ⱥڣ
ȵۻޱȣȴѾ¶Ц⡣
½˷Ը
ңԶĿдú󣬶ӰǰǾ
˵ϷŮϣǲϷӡر𲻺ã
ֱʵ
㣡¾εϺܳɹǱߣӦⲻ󣬶αֵĺܺãһỳɵģ˿ȫģ
Це˵ﻹеĿ֮ɫ
ΣϷŮֲǷܹ֮һĸ
׵
Ȼ˿㵽Ƕ˻һΪʲôҪʹôֶأֻµȹ֪˵ĸŮϵʵֻһʱܲˡ
Щǵʵ
İɣǸŮܲ˵ġЩ꣬Ȼûбݣȴ۰常˭֪˵ĸáУ˱ǵһף²常
Ц˵ҲЦ⣬ǰֵĽǸнȻͬ
ܺãϷų֪Ȼ֪Ƕ˻ԵֻʵûϵϷȻĻһŮȫ֮⡣
ЩƵ̧ͷǰ˵
컯Ūˣ˶һԪĹȴϻĳͷһˣԲһԪҳϣ
пжѡ
ݵúһԪڴϷɽϷǡ˵һԪ˺ɵĵһڣµĺӣһԪûϷɣϷѾжˣ̸Թ֮飡ֻϷʵδΪҵޣһɺϷһҪɱ磬طˣ
Ȼ˵޵ɢͬʱͷֱ˵۾
ʱ۾Ļ֮ǣǻۣ֮ӡ
˵ҵȵ飬˴ҵɱ磬ȳˡ
ͬʱ˵
ɣǶ˾Ϸһǰӣڴ֮ǰϷҪȷɽ硣¾иλæտˣϻɳĮƣϷڽϻɳĮǰǶ˽ƣػ
˸еľâԲݱ粵˵
ǣˣһ
ٴι


1191 
Ϸ˶ϻɳĮƣڵӵĺܿ죡Ҳ֪ϷⱦŮ˵ʲôˣôӵôأΣϷһο飬Ѫ䡯ΪΣ
Цʵ
Ѫ䡯˷ͬС֮£һǧֻѪ䡯㹻ֻǱĻᣬȻʵϷǿһֻҲڡѪ䡯Χְ֧ɣ
̾
ǰ⡮Ѫ䡯һֲ̫࣬ˣʵһǧֻͬʱӵлصĹ
Ѫ䡯¶־ɫ
ϻɳĮԼĪһֻѪ䡯ϷһԷųȥֻѪ䡯
΢΢һͬʱ¶Ŀ顣
ôˣѵ֪Ѫ䡯˷ͬСɵĶһﵽһӵоŵǿҲûа취ֵ
а֪Ѫ䡯걻ȥԡѪ䡯Զ١Ѫ䡯Χǿ˳ΧΧȣƾһ֮϶١Ѫ䡯ֻ·һ
ıΪȣͬ˼һ㣬ľ״̬һӲֹ
ܵ˵𾪣ЦЦ˵ı飬˵ǷģϷĿֲҪɱΣҲһһΣաıҪֻԼôǶ˵ԵעģϷҲһ˽ߡ
˸
عͬʱ޵
ڲúͬʱ˲ƣʧԭأͬδֹһ㡣
ڱ˶ϻɳĮƺչ˲ƣϧݵķ˲ơ
ϻɳĮӽ鲻ƣҲʶµͣڶϻɳĮ
Ϧ£ӰȴǲڶϻɳĮ˲ƣһʱ֮Ϊ˲٣ָͣ
ƻʱһƬľлָΧЩ߱ڱʩչַɼߵԪ֮鷳Ҳʱһ䡣
ǰʱȥѾָ״̬ڹľУʶ̽Χ
Ϊƣĸоˮʶɵ̽Χһƽ߾ʶ̽¡
ףƺЩŹ֣Ϊǰһߣǰķϵôдɽеʲôܣ
аԷţܹʹʶ̽£ȻСǰС
ĹУ¿ܻ֪ʲô飬ԼӦûأȫ֮ڡ
ֻǣֱڣȻûиϵҲûκθֳأоµĶƽ
ҹĻǵ£ΧĹľԾȻ˰ЩϲϳߣʱҲκζ
Χһļžһ˿΢綼ûУĳҲСӣϸʶΧĶ
ĿƬ֮Խ϶ʲôҪǱ㳯෴ķǰУ⵹ȫ֮⡣
ԷеٶڹľӹƬ̱Ѿһء
ϻɳĮһȺȺɵģÿһȺ߽һߣ򳼷ߡ
ʱЩǱţǿߣΪӵɵ츳Ҳ
˵صڣ֣پһѻĹľԣ
ҹĻгȵ㴫Χ֮ڡ
ȺԵЩţΧĹľԲϴߵȴǲǸԶӡ
ڵԼĪһӣбֳϽɫ棬ΧһƬľӹȥ
ǿĻ漼ŻȻǴ´࣬һƬľѸٵȼ֮ߡ
ǧҪ嶯
һŮӴԶ۷Բ԰׵͸Ž֮ɫ
ЩľһȺǿı׼һĹľԽȺԽǿȺʮںľԡ
ٿûʱõȣһѻЩչ⣡
ĿֻǼȺߵ֮ƬľϵĻϨ
ǰŮ㳤һæǰıȭл飡ģѾյϢڸ;УŲƬ̱ܸϵ
ãپţ
˵ʶٴγԶ̽ȥΧﷶΧڣǰ̽鲻ڵļ󣬶ңǰĵθΪӣޣɳĮҲиɽɽȣҲƽԭĴڼ
ʱƵһ̫ԶΪǰĵζı䣬ƵҲҪǰΣա


1192 
Ժ㵽ΧʮˣһбһΪǰɱ˺üߡ
ܹɱϻɳĮеߣôߵ츳Ե÷ǳǿ
ѣ㸴˵أΪ
ƬߵȻǸֵŮˣʱѹֲסеķŭʵ
һ߷׷¶ƵĿ⣬Щ߿Լ˲ȥ鷳Ѿ御飬û뵽߾ȻԼ鷳
£ѯˣ̹ɱ⣡
ͬ˵вݺӵϡ
󵨣㡣
һ߸˵֣ͻȻоһɾ޴ԼϮȽʣµĻ˸С
Եֱ֮ӽǰ߷ΧڣȻͻȻжǹɾ޴ߵ㳯ĵȥɫ֮һƬɷס
ʱһ£ȫ
ɢƣǹӴѹЩ߼Ҫˡ
Ҳ޷ѹæмʵǿҲ׷׼
ಣ
ƾӿһķɽ˪һССж߼˵
ѾĵȴȻ޷ǿֲѹе˶Էʵ֮ǿ
ӵɵļܣȫֶĶ֣һΥԸпȫû
Ѹٵ˼ţȺߴһѸȥΥߣնģ
˻һ߷׷¶ʹ֮ɫһԥվԭء
ǵ㲻ܹ£Ҫôһսܹôһ£
һ峤ͬʱӦŭٴЩ²ȥ
ãǶˣһˣô
ʵ
ôٺ٣˵أ
˵һһԷƽȴûпԼеЧǿɫתϲ

æ˵ΪԷƺѾ׼Ҫȥˣо̫ûɾ͸ˣԭװɫ˵ʧܣ
ֲɵӣӢʵǿߣͲһȣẦأ㣬ûԤϵ
Ҫң⣬ôУһġ
ĵƳһۣϾ¶ߴģһնŮ
ĳ̶ʤ£ò빫ȣȴǲ˺üΣԣ˵о£ĸоǶġ
ܺãҲ㣬ҪԵʵʵĻشҵ⣬һ𡣡
˵ʱͻȻ̧ͷڰգȻ󣬻ӶۣɲǼơ
ýСӣϷ򲻸ûָϻɳĮƣ¿ɺã޷̽Сӵڸʲôˣ
̾ǻûĳʱѾһƬڰͬӰѾʧ
Ҫŭ˺£֮ŮȻҪҸ֮ˡܹ˽˺£
Ȱ
֮ϷôˣΪλȥ
ʵ
ˣ¸оղɫƺЩԾﲻԾ»û¸ҿ϶һȥģ
Ļش
⺢ӣѲѾϲǸˣ
¶صЦ⡣
ʹƺǿſԶ˵̽飬ʵԼǿ֮ˣǿֽƣｫ֮ء
ǰôСģǰ֮£ûκ˵ǰǰҪСŮôУСŮӰǰɽǣ
Ůĵ˵˻ǣ֫һͦر㾡Է˶ȻŤˮһһ
ΪҪʲô
Щû˵ŮȤֻǱ׵ˡ
ǰˣСŮӵһˣΪ£СŮβ֪ǰò˼ˣСŮӵԸΪ̺ǰ
Ů˿˫ͻȻԼȥһΪЩŭˡ
ɣ
һǿѹӿȥֳŨŨɱ⡣
ǰǰ
뵽ŭģзɻҪԼô
ڵأɪɪŮвɾüȺֺЦԼ뿪ЦȴŮ
֪Ӵ˵ͨ·ôߣ˵ѣԪ֮壬𡣡
һֳַɽŮǰɱ΢΢йµŮ
ŮľսΨֱԪ֮壬Ϊζõ


1193 
ǰʲôطСŮӴδ
ŮС˵
ݶ֪𣿡
ɱΪڶϻɳĮе߾ԲŮô֪ܲΪεأ
ǰСŮĲָ֪
ŮҪˣʹԴͣ
̧ͷҵ۾
ʱŮ̧ͷоŴңЩãȻ
ƿߣң
˵ʱһֽŮ°ϸ˫ۣ뿴˵ѵ
۾ĴڣĹ۲ſͨԷ۾ֱαֻ۲ȴʧˡ
ϻɳĮߣѵûߣδ˵𣿡
ĵʵ
ǰ˴ѾϻɳĮıԵش߿Եִ˵أǰ⣬СŮֻˣһ˻ԡѪĳ嵽ȻҵɱһΧȻƬط϶ҲлĿܡ
ŮʵʵĻشͷѡ
òԼжϣֻɶԷѣʵٸйŮϵڰ˫֣

Ů뵽⣬Щɵˣ۾شǰ⣬СŮѾǲˣжٵٶʮҵСŮӰ˫޹СŮѾˡ
ǿѵļ󣡿治֪Ϊεˡ
ȷʱɷſ˶Է°ͣŮӾȻô˫޹鲻ԽԶԷ
֪˫޹أ
뵽⣬΢оЩˬҡͷ̾Ϣһ
Ǹطָǰĸӵ𣿡
ʵ
ǰǵġ
Ůش
ǴطкΣգһһ˵˵©
ʵĹؼ㣬ԼǰĿġ
ŮǸط¶ɫǴطǿߣǵʵȺʵԶȺ֮ϡһֲָȺ彫Щǿ߼ȫɱڣƬطѾΪһƬأСѪ䡯Ⱥ壬ǲƬطˡ
ʱƬطĵ̡ҵȱֻ߽̽ĿıΪ˷ֹѪ䡯ͻȻϮ
˼ǣֻʣ֡Ѫ䡯֡Ѫ䡯ʱϮǣ
ʵ
ˣǰǧҪСЩѪ䡯ЩһһǺܶ࣬һﵽʮңǳֲʮֻѪ䡯֮£Իǵʮ岿䡣
Ůµ˵
ڣѾ߱ĵĸʮ֮ࡣʮȺ䣬ʵҲСƣѵʮֻѪ䡯ԽȫɱĪǣҲǵԪ֮壿
֮󣬲ʵ
ǰ㣡ЩѪ䡯νˮ֣ǾƾɽĻҲ޷ɱǡǣǷǴģǿ˺ҧķʽǵԪ֮һɣֲֿġѪ䡯޷ֻܹǿһгʮֻѪ䡯޵ռԳֽǸܡ
Ů͵ĺϸΪ˻òľĻش⡣
ȻʮֻԻ˶Ĳ䣬ôפѰ·ѵЩֵġѪ䡯ʮֻ𣿡
ʵж⡮Ѫ䡯ʮֺ档
ǰֲˡһԣÿʮңһֻֻѪ䡯³ġѪ䡯ᳯԴǵĳϴԣǷֻճġѪ䡯ǰĪҪСЩճġѪ䡯ЩѪ䡯СȴһһΪ
Ůͷ˵ʮηضǿġѪ䡯
ΧơѪ䡯˰ʱκԡѪ䡯֪ޣȻûŪѪ䡯жǿʵ
Ĭţ˼˺ܶ⣬⡮Ѫ䡯Լԭڡ
ߣƾЩѪ䡯赲߳ϻɳĮ·ߣҲ̫СˣҾͽЩѪ䡯ȫɱˣο赲ҵȥ·
˵ŮǡѪ䡯˵ʮȻһǡѪ䡯ĺ顣
ŮƳһֳۣԥ֮ɫڻǿ˵ǰСǡѪ䡯ԴġСŮɳĮ߾ǰԹЩѪ䡯ǰ϶ֻѪ䡯һѪսҲֻܹǱռ˳־Ԯŵ
ǰʵǳǿȴҲڶֻѪ䡯ǰ˴ǰʵСŮǲ֪СŮӼǰ츳ǿ֮ˣڡѪ䡯£δ겻ѡСŮ֪һܵǰ԰ܵǰҲġѪ䡯һͨǰѪ䡯ķ˶ϻɳĮӦǰ˵֮ء


1194 
Ůһڿ˵лл㣡
ǰɱСŮӣжСŮӣСŮһ͸ǰǰ¡
ŮлжʱʱԺףӻһӨ򽻸
һ̽飬֪ΧĵͼвɰϲͼҪͨϻɳĮɱ˲١
ʲô֣
֣ʵ
ǰСŮѩ
Ůʩ
ѩ֡ΰңһסģٴлл㣡
΢Ц˵ӡǰҪ˺ܶࡣ
ǰ˵ͼǰȥȻǾһСŮи󣬲֪ǰǷСŮأ
ŮߵĵͷǷֵģˣΪŮ֮Ҫ
ѩ˵ɣܹģһӦ㣡ΥҵԭҲܾҪ󡣡
ʵ˵Կ͸µѩ
ǰѩӢҲзȵˣѩǰһһͺá
ѩɬ˵Щ̧ͷ۾
ˣǶԷҪ󣬵Ҳ̫֣ҲԼҪڶԷȴҪ
ðɣҴӦ㣡ʱ䲻̫
Ц˵ѩЩ˼Ȼںһӵ
ʱѩ߹ĶӵȻ㽫ͷĻУ˫ԽԽͬһһ־ͻʧƵġ
Ůϵķ㣬ʼձ΢ЦϾԼô࣬ҪҲر֡
һӵֱֱƬʱ䣬˷ֿʱŮѾ˵ллǰףǰ˰棬Ƭ֮ء
лл
˵˽ƣȻŵͼϵ·ǰǹǲҲΪѪ䡯ԵʶǰԼأ
ˣΪʲôʱʱǵԵĹأѵΪǽõԵʣˣԼ·
ЦҡҡͷȻСĳǰǰС
ڵִƬطı߽ʱҲЩţΪǡѪ䡯ʵ̫
ֻѪ䡯þӣİֻѪ䡯ҲӦÿұӰɣϣҪİٵġѪ䡯յִݰɣ
а˵ԶҹĻͻȻԼʶ޷Ƭط̽
ʱһǰҹмΪ̶
Ѫ䡯
аʹΪһ鲻۵ʯͷ
˵رƬطı߽شΪʯͷãԽˣֻڻƷġѪ䡯Խ߽磬ͣϿա
ԭǡѪ䡯Ʒһ޶ļһѵô
Ǳţ̽⡮Ѫ䡯׼и۲һǵʲô˵ı졣
ԽԶַɳһȺķɳ棬ǧ֮࣬⵹̽飬ϢһҶ
ǧķɳγ˺ѹѹһƬӰӣʵ¹¸Եޱȹ졣
һ󳤳˻Զ߷ٶƳȻߵľ
˻ոս˻ӸԶȺ֮ϱ
˵һֻôô࣬ǧѵ˱
вɰ룬ʱҲֻܹ䣬¶ټܷ֮ߡ
ԸЩһ￴ң޷ңҪͨѪ䡯ĵ̱ࡣ
ЩɳƺûΧĿţֻɫķɳƺЩɳߡ
ĵȴ֮ʱһȥԶٵһͷԼĪ֮İɫߡ
ͨɫӨ͸ƬҲŰɫĹߵͷжֻССĽǣһ˫峺Ŵ˵صһʯͷ
ѵˣ֣ͷ߳ƯʱͻȻѵηǧġѪ䡯𣿡
в̼Ưİ߲ȴҲԸΪ˾ðնԿǧġѪ䡯Щԥ
ȵΪȻǱסĵ̣ɣ
ǰ߿ͷ͵УԼĪڿγһɵĸ߶ȡ
ǧķɳͬʱעǰ֮ϣǸɫɳЦʲôҪϷ̻
ߣ
ߺη֮ɫʱ˿С
ǰɣǺˣôһԳ򣿡
ӵгİߣиΪ档

ɫɳŭһֻɳͬʱºɫâЩâ˲佫Χ֡
ߣ
ɫһӿֳһȦҫ۵İâЩâЩɳĹ赲ס
ͣ
ţٶȳһƬɳչѸײڶ֮ƵĹ


1195 
ɣˣȻҲɣ
ԽԽȣ߸ɡѪ䡯ʼŮĻ
һֻѪ䡯һȺһҲʵڹǿǧġѪ䡯
Сģ㿪ɡ
ɫѵηɫȻͻȻİ߲öԸ
һ˲ĹʮֻɳǰС
ԽԽζˣ
ɫһ߾׽һЦ˫ɱȻ
Һ
ɫЩɳͬʱɫҺ壬ЩҺ˲γ˺ɫꡣ
Ǻɫڰɫʱǰâȥ
ɫƺɫҺɵʱֻܹȫأǺɫҺڶʱڲͣϢ
һסߣҴǰȥ׽һҵȵ̷֣ء
ɫ
ģҵһס
һֻͨڵķɳشȻɫһķɳͼԽɫķ
һҲء
ɫŭ͵һɫââγһεĸɽȻֹɫȵԽ
Խù죬һǧѪ䡯㲻ôأ
ɫڱΧѸٵţ˲γ˷Բ廯
ֹĽϣ߻жӣ
аޣǡѪ䡯ľηҲʧ٣СġѪ䡯ֺξ֮أ
ɫҺҲϾ޶ȵģɳһ޷֮ʱһЩʧ롣
ɫ˴ŭǰɫɱȥҪͻưɫķ˲Ƶٶչ
һƬ£ɫĳŰߵĸȥ
Ѱ·
ɫȣӯͬһȻ˲ת˷Ѫ޿ӭɫĹ
ಣ
ɫҲδϵͷɫٶȻ֮죬Щʧ˲
Ӳˣ׼ɣ
ɫĺȵſ㳯ɫȥ
쵲סĹ
ɫֵĺҲͬʱŰɫһڣ˲䣬ȻϰĺɫɳĳɫȥЩɫɳͬʱɫҺɫĻᡣ
סȳһԵѩޣ
ɫߺ㷢һɫ׹⣬ɫ׹ָɫһ·ƿնȥ
ߣֻܵĴ
ɫƺǿҵɱ¾֮⣬ʰԼĺɫɳ㾲ڿС
ĺɫɳѾܣﻹж־׷׵ת򣬸ų˶ȥ
ֻҪأк֮£ͷŶһ·
ɫڿдȵЩɫɳھиΪĳƬط
ƺЩϤɫǺأ
ЩɵǰɫжЩѪ䡯ǳʧԭ˵еġѪ䡯ȻСǧ֮ھһɫɱˡ
ɫĽ⿪ΧıƣЩɫɳȥǱѸٵڿɢ
һĹԶٸϵǿУ澡ߣﵽ֮ڡ
ѾµɫݣԽڴʱ˵ΪĿУǰɫǱȡѪ䡯Ҫ鷳ʮļһ
ɫӿнʱǸոճ˵ĺɫɳʼ۷һĲҽЩɫɳ
ɫɳȺȫʧȥ˿ƣڿǵصĳƽ
Щɫɳĺ棬һɫӰٶȸ죬һƬââȺɫɳĳ
Ѫ䡯
ɫȵ˵ĳˣЩҲѸٵڿУγܼķ
˰죬ЩɫɳͲǴ˵еġѪ䡯˷ӵĸ飬ΪЩɳǡѪ䡯
Щ˵
ǰɫ˵һȺзɶ굽ڣ൱ڣġѪ䡯Ѿˣȴ˻ѵΪѪ䡯ҲЩɶ̽鲻𣿡
Ȼǹ£һͷˣҲ˵ⲻǡѪ䡯Ҳ
˵ԥһֳΣһμ˲ѾȺ֮ϡ
µȲμ£
ԼĪͬʱɽ棬˵Ȼ֮ڵߴµȲμ£
ɫ̻ûΣǹ£ʱתһ֣ϵ˵սʱ״̬λڣϿ첼ƣϷѪ䡯ء

ͳһشȻͬʱ³һƬɫâЩâԼٶڿγһƬ޴ϡ
⹫ͦģ
ţȴѰ˸䣬ô¡


1196 
ҵˣҵķӲˡ
һѾߡ
ҡҡͷشĿעӵԶһȺɳ档
ߵľ޴£ЩɳҲ״ȥ׷Ѿڷɳ鼱֮£ɢţּ·
ڿǡѪ䡯״ȻЩɫɳ󣬾ƻƷΣǻƷķŴ汾ӵзצݡ
ǰһֻѪ䡯δСȫɫ׶񣬴ʱɫ塣
һƬɫЩѪ䡯з⾹Ȼ빫µı֮ͬֻ⡮Ѫ䡯ĺɫΪԵһЩɫɳմȾЩɫɳ澹Ȼ޷ɫڿС
һ֣֤Ѫ䡯ǿЩɫȺ׵£ɱһɱ
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һϲҳЩɫĳ֤ˡѪ䡯Ļϲ
ƺȤԶԶˡѪ䡯ʱǡѪ䡯΢ЦǸݡ
常֤Լһϵе󣬹ȴֶ˵壬ָоǹӲӵеģʱ־µĸоȻǲ̫ܡ
ֻѪ䡯ƺӵ㹻ǻۣͷȺɫɳһ©ɣɵٶ൱ɱ
ⳡɱ䶨ʱֻѪ䡯ڿУǺɫ˫ǰľ޴ơ
֮ڵֲõķƣивĵߣƵǿҲӵµķ
ƷȻ޷ֵ֮ߣԹµʵҲɵ⿴Ӵķơ
ֻֻѪ䡯ĿУķҲԵô
󵨡Ѫ䡯ȥ봳򣬷򣬱ǳԾͷ
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Щ߱ǲްٷְٰգйµ£Ǳȫһˡ
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˼ţһҲֻѪ䡯Ѫ񣬷ֻѪ䡯ԼǾǲܵġ
Щһԭ˵ֻ֪صĽУЩܣ
ԱӵĿ˵
أ
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ʲô˵Ļ˵ˣҲţ
³ֵ֧һ򳪸ЩֻܹװûµĻ
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ֻѪ䡯Ϊɵˣ˷ֱܵľ
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΢΢һЦĳͻȻ˱仯һɫ׽¶ĵطȫ֣Ҳ˵ֻѪ䡯ʱ˽ս׵
ڽսַһֱʵԽսԣ˲ﵽʵƥķ
ʱΪ̽Ѫ䡯ֻ֮ս׵ɷںʵ


1197 
Ѫ䡯ĺɫų޼᲻ݣﲻƣս׵ݺݵһҧڽս֮ϡ
וּһǡѪ䡯Ȼҧ¼СһսڣҲĿɿڴ
սһֱڽԴʱķǿȣȻᱻһֻѪ䡯һС飬ζһȺѪ䡯սѾʧȥ֮أ
ֻѪ䡯Ҫҧµһսɣȴ޷һǿдһСս׾Ȼսס
áѪ䡯Ҳһǵһμǿս׷Ȼ޷ɡ
Ƕֻ·˵ġѪ䡯Ҳ˼Ļᣬǹ۲ʣһֻѪ䡯ս
˺γǱĹվԭأƾѪ䡯ɵߣδʱȴʶ֮
ֻѪ䡯ѳݣһŭġءżľս¿ڣǺݺݵһڣȻҧ¼СһսƬ
ԾǡѪ䡯ԾΪҧѾֱ븹УСս׾ȻԶĴԼĸзɳȥˣصԭڵλá
˫ʼһĽϾֻѪ䡯ؽϵСֱСĴָС
Сһû뵽㻹ӵбôţС˾еӰ
ʱԸַ緶˫ָǱȫֻѪ䡯Ĵڡ
أ
ֻѪ䡯ƺҲܲķˣǽһĽ޲óǰȥæɡ
Сֻ۷СġѪ䡯ٶҲֻѪ䡯һϵĽпɣ˲㽫սҧһ
ֻѪ䡯Ѿ֪սһʮķʱѾı˲ԣͼֱٶҧϵĽսףȻ֮ڡ
ֻǣһߣħһɡ
Ľս׵ķ£ֻѪ䡯Ѿţ֮Ҳ޷ҧսףΪǽս׻ָٶȱȿٶȸ졣
Ŀɿڴû뵽Ȼǿ߿Ϸ⡮Ѫ䡯⡮Ѫ䡯ͬһСһڶۡ
ֻѪ䡯һ̲ͣŬɣȴЧ΢ڹ·һ󳰷ĴЦҲĴЦЦֻѪ䡯Ϊ
ǡѪ䡯ֻʵһǧֻһֺֻξ֮Уҵٶȱ⡮Ѫ䡯ٶҪ죬ֻҪƶУܱһȺѪ䡯ɣеΣҲԼ١
ĿĵȻֻ֣ΪԳ⡮Ѫ䡯ǿ
ֻѪ䡯˵˻ĻһĴʱ߾ȫȴ޷ǿߡ
ǼʲôҪǶҲһɣҿɲСһ
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ǶֻѪ䡯Ҫץˣ߲õĽƼֱͬƵģ˲䴩Խ
ֻѪ䡯ͬʱϵĽսףȴһֻѪ䡯ɵЧ࣬˸оֻѪ䡯ͬһ㣬һֱù
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һĽ۹˵һƺ⹫µԱֻѪ䡯Ŀɸ߹ԡ
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Ƭʱ䣬ֻѪ䡯һߺţһ߷ɣҲЩͷˡ
ˣǵʵ޷ҵķɣȥսףǻɣͿûݱˡ
Ц˵ϵĽսָ̻ɫ۵ģ¶˺ܶûսױƤ
ǧ򲻿ɴ⣡СģЩѪ䡯ǿƤԪ֮ģǧܹǵڡ
ЩѵҲû뵽д
ֻѪ䡯΢΢㶣ƺЩŵǾӨķɫ
أ
ֻѪ䡯ͬʱ˷ܵĺһųĲӼƤݺҧȥ
ϣ
ȻǽֻѪ䡯ͻϮ֮¾Ȼδ֣ܵԷƤս׵ķƺҪǿܶࡣ
ֻѪ䡯ɣԣƤķȻǲսףͬȼԷɽҲһԴԼƤοֻѪ䡯أ
ֻѪ䡯ŭˣͬʱٵ˻Ȼ¿˺ҧǷĲӼĥֱ졣
Ȼ޷ƤֻѪ䡯зļͬʱȥ˺ҧһĿλá
ֻЩĸоʱͻȻоһҺԼĲ䣬вɴŭ
Щһ̫ˣȻӲӼ򣡡
ŭĿԣصĲ
СģǸҺڵĶҺֶҺմȾЧҪǿסͲҪǿΪЩһ


1198 
±˭עʱٴѵ
ŶܺãֻҪôΪͺãҺҿǰٶ֣ʩˣСһǣǿҪץʱˣеûˡ
ɵ˵˵꣬ȴǱɫû뵽һɫҺĸʴ£ЩһﾹȻԼƤĵһ
ƤķƺһǽɫƬƬķǿ󣬾ǱһƤô򵥡
ɫƬһչֳ˵۾нð˸ľâΪ״̬£ǲƬġ
µ͵ĲиŷļڼɫƬѾ϶һߣԼҲͬˡ
ǰŹıߵݣڶϻɳĮķ£֮ĸù´ӲԼϲһߡ
ʱ˿̣µѾðСǣΪߡ
ֻѪ䡯Ҳɵˣһ֮ƤȴǿĽɫƬ
ĿɿڴֹˣȵķҲЩŵ۾ȷǰǻþ
ѵʦƭңܣʦûɻߵݣ
˵ܿͻˣߣҲߣԵ
˵˷УͬЩҲ׷˷
ȻߣƬ״ߺƣĪĹУѾ𽥽Լͬࡣ
Ƥƺ󣬽ɫѪҺЩѪҺ࣬һп
ɫѪҺƺ֤ߵݣ¼ĶŴһҲ׷׾ϲĺ
ڿɫѪҺֻѪ䡯һ㶣űᣬȻͬһ㣬ʳǽɫѪҺ
ٵѪɣ
֪ԼѪҺ󣬵ȻưոݣǰʹֻѪ䡯𿪡
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ǿѪҺҲԶڣ
Ե޵Ц绨ԽԽϲԽϲԽ뿴
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׾ٵֻѪ䡯ڵĻѾ׼ˡ
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Щʧʱ˷Ѿ˷ǳɫ档
ǳɫһ֣Ѫ䡯㱯ķ֣Լ޷ǳɫķ
Ȼ岻ǳɫķԪ֮壬е顣
ֻѪ䡯ҲԼΪ׵ı˶ԷڣԭǶԷԼġ
һȴʼձڻ֮УҲӲȥֻѪ䡯Ҳܵٽ
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ȻäĿĳڣѡʵ̫ˣΪɵĶǿߣ֪˶ߵԪ֮塣
ǳɫѹռ䣬⡮Ѫ䡯һСķλȻԻɫзĻ湥
أ
ֻðġѪ䡯ʱڵļûУֻܱ߻в£ǳɫڡ
ǡѪ䡯ǳɫ棬ȻɵҲ֮ûʱڵʱ䣬޷ɵġ
аǳΨʲô⣬Ϊ⡮Ѫ䡯ųǶϻɳĮǿԪɱ֡
ϵĵ֮ɫкоЩΣֻѪ䡯ԼĿУɶ˻ȡԼȴùһֱģ⵹Щⲻȥ
°ʱָоúܺãֻҪ˵ûվҲʮۡ


1199 
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һԭֵ֮ƵĲ¾ŵŴͣһĳݡ
ҲˣѪ䡯ҵԪ֮Ҫֲ֧סˣҺʹ࣡
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ͣסһҪסһ취ģ
²˵˫֮һͻȻ˲ơ
ǽ֮ĶֻѪ䡯ķһءƺ˷ܡ
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µȻ֣ͬȰĳǶֻѪ䡯ߡ
ǶֻѪ䡯ڵ֮У뵽ͻȻѡ
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ĬţΪʵ̫ˣʱֱӾܾԷɻԹγص˺Ը⿴ġ
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˵ЦЦһЦۿеˮ
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£ֻ̧ǣмңʵԽܹαĸ飡ԲҲģϣܹ뿪һ㡣


1200 
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˫˫ѾˮȻһЦ˵ǰֻΪ˵Ϸôʱ˿̱ʵ⣬Ҳʮڶĵıס
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Ǹһֱ˵һԵӣʵҾǸ֮ˣ赣ңҲΪѹҲСˣһǿġ
´ʱһ±㳤Ƶģвѡ
£ǸܺõŮӣţһҵ
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ԣһоǰûκε⣬ҲûκεĽ
ڴʱе㻳ԼˣŮӾȻԸһǺεȵ黳ԡ
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Щ۵Ź£˵ʱѾκϷʵ̬Թˡ
ֵҿģҿģ෴ҸоһкֵáܹΪİ˿γһֿأ
˵Ѿ¶Ц⣬еˮȻͣһҵʹˮˮѪֻѪڶԷϣԼʡ
Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣɬһЦȻ첽ߵ˹µǰ
峺˫Щȣ֪߹Ҫʲô
˵˱ޣôǲأ
˵ͬʱѾһִ˹µ߼ϡ
µΪ֮һȻ㷢һֵֻůֱԼ۽ǵˮ
лл
˵ֺкԼһжֵõġ
ĶڽϵˮˣȻ΢΢ЦôƯŮӣ޻ɾͲÿˡԺҪ
ţһжġ
˵Ȼ¶Щɬ顣
ԭ㻹ֵŮӣߺˡ
˵Цùµˣ͵͵ɬ
ᣬ٩˼ң˼ұǺֵġ
һܵ˵۽ǵЦ֤ʱֵ顣
ʹ֣ʵֻһ֮ղŻΪʹУʱѾּۣܵתҲϣġ
ʵ֮һ˲䣬֪ԼѾע޷ѹµˡ
ӱܣ̹ȻԣֻǣЩȴ빫˵򣬵ʱ򣬼ŮһֽԼûһô
иҪ㣡
Ц˵ƺµĿҲǰȻͬı仯
ʲôܣ
»ϲʵ
˵ˣҪ֤ܹŶ
Ƚ˵ǰ棬ùһ£Լ鷳
˵ɣ˵ʲôҶ
̹Ȼ˵
ʵ¹ϵãʵþпǸŮӣ
Ľ͸¶£ܸоЩⲻȥ
ҹȻûв´ǸŮӱŮˡ˵ҵã񲻿ܰɣûõģ
²ΪȻĻش
ǰĸףǸŮӱãʵ
϶˵
ܣŪˣ
Ը϶ϵԥòý˵أ
Ϊʲôܣ
֪Ҫ˵ǹʵ
¿һۣһᣬھĻȥˣҡͷ˵˵ЩԶԶûбϿô򵥣Ҫ˵ܣǱѶϻɳĮˣҲˣɱңҲ㣡ǣɲԴӦңܺҪȥ˵鷳ҲҪòã


1201 
ҲӦ㡣
µʱЦˣ׶ԼŮܹΣѵܹɱֲɣ
ʵǰĽ˲߻õ飡磬װҪɱң常ȵȣҵĸŮϵҲһͨõģĿΪš
˵Ψŭ
һֲ߻ģôĹϵпܲǸŮϵ
ǳһϢʵ̫ˣû뵽ԼȻĵֱڶڹ
пܣǱͲǣĿģԲϷġʵҲ̫Ϊλһʮֵ񣡡
²̾
ʲô񣿡
кĴ
Ϸǻ񣬺㰮ң
ҡͷ˵Ҳ⡣
ǰɣѵղŶ˵ĻҲϷ
д󾪣ĳ϶ԣѾԼǰˣʱвɾҵһһ޷ƿصĸоȻ
ǵģϷҲҵ񡣡
Կ϶˵˫ȴĶŹһ˿һĲ׽ϵκϸ΢仯
һ˲䣬ͻȻЩʧǣûǱƱ֮⣬ǱƣǾЩ

ɫ࣬͵ŭһҪ͸ƣһֲֿӶ
ӦҲģ˵ɱʳԣ
Щ˵ͷҿȴѾΪж
ʱһŭҲסŭδԼǰĳŵ
ڹѺǹǿ˲ʧӰ٣һǿѹµƽϡ
ڴ˾£Ȼ˶ݵʱָľֱһ漣
£ˣûΪⲻֵ
˵ûѡǿջЦǾĺľƽ͡
ԲҲ̽ģǵҿı֣ĺÿġûϷѾİ㣡ʵҲЩˡ
±Ǹ˵Ŀ¶귴оԼԸ̫嶯ˡ
˿ԼҲеߵģϷϻɳĮ߼ϷȴΨܹ̹µϷ
ڹղŵ֮£ԼҲѾ飬н˹µݸ飬ôѾµԼŮˡ
ղŹµ̽űѵĸоԲŻԵ˷ŭʵùʮָж
ԺҪ̽ˣʵҲǸԵˣ޷Ů˵ıѣ
ʮֿ϶˵ֱӶŹǺɫ
ԲһˣǸԽԽˣģΪ㣬ҿԷ׳ҵһУԱΪҲ㱻ƭ
¶˵
侲һ㣡Ҫú⵽ôһ£һ㣬һãʵǷǵĸףѾȷˣǵĸףһɱҲһԪڵߡ
һֹ´δ˵
Ҫ嶯Ӧö㲢޶⣡֪֮ˣҵδ磬ʲôʱʲôΣգʲôʱȥһУǵһΣһһΣЩӣһֱڸ󣬻ˣΪġ
ԣһǿߣԤϵ飬δ֮ǰһ꣬ѾԤһһ٣
Ȱжķڷȥðա
֪Ϊأʲôô
ʵ
㣬Ȼ֪ҵͦл˵ģ㡣
˵
ͷ˵ǰһҲνڶ֮Ѿų˵š
ʱ򣬵ΪʲôԼڵȥ˻ᴩԽ䣬Լӵѵ˵İ
ھӵ˵̬Խıˣ׺ǿԣ⹫˵ĻҲΪŷ
Ȼˣ֮ȻĿġڵĿĺпΪ㣬һ㣬ʮֵȷ
Ŀϣһ𣬷ǰһΪ塣
Ϊʲôǿҵϣһأ룬ԲΪĹϵĹϵ޷ӰľԭҲңԣһǸоסһҲŵ֪ĸףҲһߣʱӦòھݣһȥҵ


1202 
ϸڽ˼·빫ǸŮϵƶҲ𽥳
˼ҵĸף
Ȼ
оųɰգĸף𣿡
ʵ
ᣡҲǰݵϷһ㣡һǻģסԭӦÿҵġ
¼˵һ뵽Լĸף̸оͷе
㣡ҪĽǶȿǣ֮Բϣ϶Եʵġ֮ǰŵļƻҲǶǸŮϵһҲԤݰɣеʧԲ׵Ů
⵹ΪʲôĿģΪʧȥŮİһ룬㲻ֽôʹָ࣬оѾһΣԲᡣ
չǿķùķڷ
ģҵĸף˵һ֮һᾡԼ鱣ƽִ
µͷ˵ΪǰԤݣԲŻ𽥿Խʵ
ͻȻ֪Լĸף¿϶Խܣٻһصĺ⡣
Ҫ룬һžۣõ顣٣㲻ǹ¶иױ˼ҡң㻹иƯãˣͻȻ˶ˣԿֵȴܣǻԵú޴
Ҳ㽲ʲô֮ˡһ¡ǰΪЩţҲܹ⣬ҲԭΪȻ㲻ŮǾۣһŹ
Ц˵ʱǺϧ빫¶ָо
˵©һ㣬һ㡣һףһãһҲ˵̶ʱڣҶˣΪʲôҪʹأҪмŶԣ
΢Ц˵ʱһͻȻ½ӵ뻳С
㿴
»˻ֱۣʱһϸСعɰڹµĸ첲ϡ
عɰ
ѿڶ
ǣ£Է˰ɣ˵ҲǻŮӣҲű壬Ҫ彻㡣
˵仰΢΢һ̧ͷеҲһĶ
µĽͷչȥʱ¾ԹԵı۾ϴɬζԥ
˫Ҫһʱƺһ졣
֣
˵û뵽ڹԼµĽƣһؽƾȻûܹһᣬ㱻߹ˡ
дŭû뵽ʱ̻֣ùβŭ
˭˴󵨣Ҫ硣
·ݻɢһεȻɱҲЩľ´ʱɱ⡣
ڶ࣬Сģ
ѵΪͻԼõĽƣ˵ʵ㲻Ƿ֮
ףãǻƴ󷨣ƱԷͨƶλá
¾˵
ɱȥ
˵仰ȫ޷֮̽йɿֲĴ͵ĺƣһƾȻ˲ըѿ
ͣ
ƱǿƳʱҲܵһĽƷɣһڽɫѪҺ
Ҫ嶯ʹƴһǲҪ׳ȥ
˵ͬʱ˼ؽƣ¶֮ɫû뵽ڶϻɳĮԼĽƾȻ˿Ĺơ
ûӵжԽƵľʵ˿ĹƽƣЩΪ
ǣڷŵ̽У˲ֹһųĿԡ
˭ڹԲµ𣿡
ʵڽ֮ⱻԷƣ޷̽ãҲʧȥ˶Ե˵̽顣
Ҳ֪Ҳ£ӦǸطǿߣܹʹƴ󷨵ģҲֻǸط߻ʹá
²ţ򶨵˵
ܹҵĽƣʵ֮£ڴ˾ɣҵҪ˭ͻȻϮǡ
õƲǿĽƣΪռݾʵ
ǣ˱ԭվΧĵƳơ
ǣڶԷֻһƺȴκж⵹öЩơ
ЩܹоȻڷٵƶǺ񱻶ԷȫΧˡ
Щ˵ϵԽأΪЩ˵ʵͬСɡ
ǸطѵĲǡѪ䡯𣿡
ʵ
Ѫ䡯ȷʵֿԣһһֻѪ䡯׳棬ˡѪ䡯Ⱥķŭ죡ЩġѪ䡯ǷͬСɣһǱһȺֻĳꡮѪ䡯ȺΧǾ͸Σˡ
ܵʾЩ־˵
ǰԸֻǡѪ䡯׶е鷳ˣ


1203 
о⡮Ѫ䡯׳涼ȽɣôġѪ䡯ǸɣңġѪ䡯ĹǿֱвԼ壿
ղֻѪ䡯ֻǸճһ£ЩǧġѪ䡯Ȼȫһʵȼ֮䡣
¿Ц
ǰɣֻŵļһﾹȻֻǸճġѪ䡯ġѪ䡯ʵǸӿֲ˵ǴΣգ
Щȵ˵ȫû뵽ԼԡѪ䡯˽⾹ȻһۣǰȺССķɳ浱ʵǿġѪ䡯ֽ֮Ѫ䡯׳浱ġѪ䡯֪ԵǲĳꡮѪ䡯
ǰⶼأղô⡮Ѫ䡯ǷǳǳģһֻСġѪ䡯ЩġѪ䡯ֻһССġѪ䡯Ⱥ壬ǵûʲô⡣⡮Ѫ䡯Ⱥ֮ڣǱǴΣˡ
ЩڣԼǰӦǡѪ䡯ĳЩصģҲڱЩѪ䡯ͻȻϮ˴ֲ
õĽһֱƶ״̬Уôʮ鷳ܹƾʩչƶƵֱδţȴû뵽ȺѪ䡯ľ׳١
ʱǺڵʱ򣡼ȻƶԽȥҲԽ磬һȥٵġѪ䡯ʲôηģ
Ѿöע⣬׼ƾǿʵӲȥ
룬ڵͷ˵ãھһȥɣЩѪ䡯֪ǵ
ѶͬʱԼٶȳȥ˲ƵٶȣѾ˽֮⡣
˳ʱѾһƬɫ֮УƬŶ˵峯һС
ɫޱ޼ʣö𾪵ǣƬɫȻ˵̽顣
빫ͬʱһ޷̽ĵطöԽ
˭ʹûƴ󷨣бֳΣ
ֳһѪɫâȵѸٵĳΧĺɫɢȥ
ںɫлصţȴûκԻӦɫͬһƬ޴ء
ڿвѾѪɫɽγСĽѾɷںϽ֮Уֳֽɫġն콣
Сģ
˼ͬʱ˵Ĭö˲ɻĵһЦȻ󱳿Գַɽܡ
޷̽ɫĿȣ˵ɫƯš
ҪվԭأɫƮȥҲƳɫ
룬
ҾסΣɫƶ
ҲѾȫʹʵ֮¡
Զ˵ʵ֮⣬Ժ£ϻɳĮУҲе֡
⡮Ѫ䡯ǷͬСɣҲսٵġѪ䡯빫֮£ʵԶ֣ڶġѪ䡯ʱһҲռݵ˿ˡ
ʱʹĽƱԷƶڳƺȴޱ޼ʵĺɫ޷̽£Ѿռκʱ˺͵ơ
֪֪˰սʤֻܹƾ˵Ĳ²⣬ԼµǡѪ䡯ȴǲȫȷ
ֱ£ҲɰԾ䣬ΪԽǹ£ΣҲĸΪҡ
˸ʵҪסΣǿռĺɫƶǣ֮ŷ뷨ȫ޷ʵ֡
Ѿʹ˼˳ΪʵȴǸо˺ɫƶʼɫ֮УȻҲƶˡ
ãƴ󷨾򵥣һ󷨣൱һǿĽƣǶ˴ʱ֮У޷ƳƵ£ȻڿƶסΣҲ
ܿ췢ڣɫǽеһʣƵѾǿһޣԶԶǶ˵ʵƳġ
˵һȺѪ䡯ôԸţЩһܹǿĽƣʵֲ̫ˣٿ˵ЩһʵԶԶҶ֮ϡʵġѪ䡯οԶԸǣ
аţʱҲͬĻΪŬȻźɫԶһƯơ
˱ںɫУȴֲΪδƾɫƶ˭֪ɫջƮεء
ɫƺҲ֮Ҳ׵ĺĿķеĺɫ
ڣǸõأ
¿Цʵ
ˮڣõģֻڹŪѣ֮֮һս
ľѾָƽ۵˭֮һսڿ־壬ۺٳֵ


1204 
Ҳո˵󣬵һ˽ƬطҲֻѪ䡯ĹЩѪ䡯һ˽⡣
㣬ЩѪ䡯ŲǻۣǳġѪ䡯ıС룬ЩѪ䡯ʱһڲʲô򣬲˰ʹƴ󷨡
Ȼ˵С⡮Ѫ䡯ȺѪ䡯¡
ҲܹԴУɫжôķΧδ֪Ҳ磬һɫ̽һҲҵƵıԵڣʱֻҪ͸Ʊӳɫ֡
ȻͷжΪɼȼͣ޷̽£һֿҲ൱ڼԼһѱԷơ
һ𣡡
ᶨ˵
ʱһַֻ֣֮С
˵һǣ֣Σյʱ̣ȴѾκη֮ģΪԼֱů
ܹоԷдůоС¹ײ㣬Ȼֱͨͨ
ӶЦͬʱƶķȥ
ڶ˵£ٶԶԶĳǺɫƶٶȡ
Ȼ˵ķٶȲδﵽޣΪɼȼ͵ĺɫУɵ̫첢ǵѡ
˽ǣ֣һһɽԷɽ·ͬɾ°㳯ǰС
һ·Уһʱ֮ǺɫȻܣһ·ϣδκε˵Ĺö˽Щ벻ͨ
ǷһʱȻ޷ִɫı߾ѡ˸ı䷽С
ʱƬɫжôԶԶԼ˿ڶʱɵԵشĽơ
ϣεĵ˽ƽǿġܹһĽƽסʵ֮ϣʱⲻһս
٣Ѿ˼һս׼ͬˡ
˻ϬȻͬһʱͣסΣȻĬƶЦ
Ȼ޷ӳȥֺαأȥȻֳӰ٣ʱԲӦ䣬Լѡ
˽Բޱ֮ˣѡԭصȺ˵ĳ֣ȺʱжԷ飬ʱҲѰġ
ڶ˵УʱٵţԼĪ֮ǺɫٶڿʼˣɫȻڽĹС
һֱ˶ʱö˲ɸ̾⴦طȣƾоҪִ֮һɽȣɽȼ֪ɽȡ
Ǻɫʱ˲ŷֽ¾ȻѾأЩصɫǴɫ
վںɫ֮ϣѾս׼ΪǺɫԼٶʧ
ȾȻɱˣʵ콫ȶ˵أȽ򽣷ʹ࣬ҪԶȵԪ
һϵƾǷŭΧϵĻصɫҲɢ
ȻǡѪ䡯
Ц˵ϵЦƺȾ˹µ顣
Ǻǣû´⴦Ѫ䡯ϳɣϳġѪ䡯Ӧڶٵ֮䡣֮£ֻѪ䡯ΧɱΧӦòʮѡ
·һЦ⡣
ȻҪսǾ֮һսսδʼʱȻʮ㡣
û˵˫ȴĹ۲ΧĻ˴ʱǵխɽȣ˷ͱڸͷЩͱ֮ĶףܼƲʮ֮ࡣ
ôùɣѵġѪ䡯ᳬ֮ڣ
ЩƵ˵ֻΧɽڣô˵صġѪ䡯ԶԶĳ֮⡣
ɽʱҲЩɵˣ徹ȻɪɪԲе²ˣûӦƬطġѪ䡯ϳԶ֮С
ԼĪϵĸ߳ɳһֻȫɫġѪ䡯ֻѪ䡯ԾӸ֮ƸӶˡ
ڼˣ
Ц˵еսѾﵽһеĸ߶ȣΪһַǿǿȻַ߱
ҲֻоòȻڴ˿ʾӰ£սҲ֮
ɫĴϣһһףǲ߱еĸ߶ȣȴҲ޷˺Ӷ˵ʵ
ʲôˣ
ֻɫġѪ䡯һְȻ˵ƺû·Ķ˷
Էţù´ŭȵҪбҵһս
ĵǲСֻϧ߱սʵҽһ£Ѫ䡯
ɫġѪ䡯ЦɢһݵİϢ
²δشֻΪʱһԲ


1205 
ⲻ֪Ѿʹʶ̽ΧġѪ䡯ȴЩɽнкɫԼ̽飬²ɽ֮еŶġѪ䡯
һƽϣһȮͣǸȮ͵Ļᡣ
˵ԣһ˵ǿеġѪ䡯ץ
˵ĺãͬһһ㣬һͿʼȮͣҲ
¿Ц
ȾҽɹðɣǾǼʶɣ
ɫѪ䡯ŭǿҲС
һսӣڸñʵʱˣɱһñʧ
ɫġѪ䡯ûѡԼѪ䡯
Ļ˵󣬾ɽ֮УͻȻӿֳֻѪ䡯
ϰֻĳꡮѪ䡯ЩѪ䡯ɫѾǴɫЩƫҺɫֻѪ䡯ͬʱڿųʮӣȻսεġ
ֻѪ䡯ѣҳݣ
ѾŭոճֵİֻѪ䡯

ֻѪ䡯ͬʱǿֲƳѹȥ
Ȳ֣һֻѪ䡯ͽԸˡ
Ц˵
һֻѪ䡯ʵӦò󡣡
а룬ǵͷ±һ֮С
ãǾȽŮģ֪¡Ѫ䡯
ɫġѪ䡯иĹʡ
ϰȹ֮⣬һϮѪɫսȡѪɫս֮⣬ҵâЩЩѪ䡯Ŀɡ
ϣڿι
ɫġѪ䡯һ£ʮӡѪ䡯ͬʱŹµķɱȥ
Ѫ䡯һʮ־߱츳壬óȻǿĵطڽսΪǵļݿԽֵķ˲ƵһɶֵԪ֮塣
ֻѪ䡯û׼ʹƾٶҪ˲ɹµ塣
ЩѪ䡯ʱٶ֮ҲΪһѺΪЩһķٶʵ̫죬Ѿӽ˲ٶˣԼļ޷ٶȣȴҲԶˡ
ߣ
һѪɫɽͻȻڿӿֳһ˵Ľ⽣ֱն򳯹¶ԳʮֻѪ䡯
ľʮֻѪ䡯ȴ˲Ϣ֮乥µ塣
һ
ѪɫɽγɵĽѾһӡѪ䡯֡
Ը˶ġѪ䡯ѡһ㣬ʮֻѪ䡯Ĺ
ƺԣʮֻѪ䡯ĹЧ伯УҲԣѪ䡯Ľ
ڹµѪɫ£ǰһֻѪ䡯ѾնΪһƬѪǾֻѪ䡯Ҳ̶ֱͬȵˡ
ʮֻѪ䡯ͬʱķʱǿ󣬽һ˲Ĺ򣬹µͬʱһıը
ǾʮֻѪ䡯ײµķѪɫâķ֮һ˲䱻ͬʱɳȥмֻѪ䡯Ѿˡ
Ѫ䡯ʵ빫µսѾõһγļ飬һغϵĹķâ֮һ
ڡѪ䡯һߣһֻѪ䡯ɱԼĪֻ˵£ġѪ䡯ȴȻӵǿĹԡ
ԪԱ
˵ֻѪ䡯ͬʱһŭȻ㳯ĳȥ
룡
롮Ѫ䡯֣֪ЩѪ䡯Ĺü̻һƬˮйͨ֡
䣡
һֻѪ䡯ǹµĽ֮ͻȻԪԱǱըԲӵߵԱ
ǵҲ˲һ£µһƬݣͻȻЩѪ䡯ȵĸʹԻսֻһֻԱֻ˻ȥ
Ѫ䡯Ⱥ˷֮ƽŰΧֻ˵ġѪ䡯ʱԪԱⷬвֹϵģϵģǹ£ʱҲòȫ
Զô򵥡⡮Ѫ䡯Աֶ̫ˣԴԱֶĶԷȷʵһע⡣ѵЩԱļһﲻں𣿡
аţԼǰԶһϣѪɫâڻۣʼɱһֻѪ䡯
ԭӵԪԱ󸴻ļܣ绢ƣϵĶԵչԱôһǵĶ֣
ƽķšѪ䡯ƣЩŲ۵ļһһչֳʵ츳ȴʮ⡣
һӵʱڣһѪɫâǵڶֻսġѪ䡯


1206 
ֻѪ䡯Դڸ״̬УȻ˲临⡮Ѫ䡯Ǵ޵״̬ˡ
ڡѪ䡯в£ҲԸ˷ʱֻ˵ġѪ䡯
ԪԱ
һֻѪ䡯·ٳȥЩ˵ġѪ䡯ѾʧȥǿսǹӣʱЩӲδѡһԱһԪԱԴ޶ȵĹ
ȵֻѪ䡯Ա󣬹âԵ˲٣ʣġѪ䡯ٴοʼչҵȺ
һΣѾıս˷ġѪ䡯֮ʱѾ˽һڿм޶
ǲЩѪ䡯ӲӲǹԸ⿴ģһԷǵֻһͿء
ڹ֮ʱڡѪ䡯̷ɢǽܱߵĿռȫܣһġѪ䡯
۵ʵµʵԶЩġѪ䡯֮ϣԣѰһṥԹ¸Ϊ
ЩѪ䡯ĵ֮ʵ޼һɢԱ㲻ǹµĶ֡
ಣ
ѪɫâƬռҫʱҽУһֻѪ䡯ͬʱɱˡ
ȻɱĶѪ䡯֮ʱҲʮֻϡѪ䡯Ľ
Ѫ䡯ٶɳ˹µһǿƻɱ£ԼȻûȫЩѪ䡯Ĺ
ġѪ䡯ҪȥݻһУõâʱٴܵˡѪ䡯ɡ
һɱֻѪ䡯սѾǲˣֻȴ˲ΪۣǺġѪ䡯ԣһȡλɱƶԹ²
Ѫ䡯Ȼ鴫֮սȹҲǿ̫ࡣ⡮Ѫ䡯ӵеɼܣҲӵУ֪ǷֱɵġѪ䡯ɣôǲгΧϣ
ȻûսȻڷЩѪ䡯ȱ㣬ѰζԸЩηġѪ䡯Ⱥ
еսⲢδܵӰ죬෴ȴЩѪ䡯׺ݴ̼ˡ
СɳѣǱĶ֣ɣһֻ
ȵһٶչÿһȻһֻѪ䡯ɱ
ڸʵ£ոߵЩѪ䡯ȴҲڱЩѪ䡯ġ
ʱѾǰ˵ںα壬֮¡
ǰ빫½йѹĶԿʱʹɷںϵ£Ҳһʤ¡
˵ںʵȻγǿʵ⹫µ츳ߣһҲʮ屶ҵʵ򣬲ܾ߱ǿʵ
зţԹ¶Կ١Ѫ䡯νʮ㡣
ŵںϵʵڹ֮£һӵоŵʵֱӳֱЧ
ȺѪ䡯չҵķʱҲʹ˰˳ʵ
Թİ˳ʵǲھȫ֮£ǾҲܹڶֻѪ䡯ΧӶݶֺοأ
ÿһɱһֻѪ䡯ٶȱЩѪ䡯Ҫϲ٣ЩѪ䡯ǺηȫɱԵķʽ£ʱʱСѪ䡯ͻȻʩչԪԱֶΡ
µЩѪ䡯Ȼѵ໥֮㹻ĬҸ迼ǷأֻҪһֱԽѹƾС
µսԵ쳣գٶռ˲ƣȴΪǡѪ䡯ڶ޷ɵܡ
ЩѪ䡯Ѿ·һСĿռ䣬СĿռУսԡѪ䡯ȺΪ
ϵСѪ䡯ɱӶΪѪͣЪںɫϣͻȻһ뷨֪ԼǷԽЩͣЪڵϵġѪ䡯ֱأ
ΪѪ䡯Ҫһʱ䣬ԣ²ЩѪ䡯һ⣬ЩѪ䡯˲临ֻ¹¸޷֮սȥ
ֻɫġѪ䡯Ŀ·սһ˫ɫڿţֳ֮ɫ
ƾоҲСֻɫġѪ䡯ϾȺѪ䡯ߣЩͨġѪ䡯ʵǿʱΪߵġѪ䡯ֻȥأ
ǿսսʵ֮ǿԤУԣȺѪ䡯ҲԽԽ٣Ƭ̵ĹѾֻʣԼĪһġѪ䡯
սپԽȥԽǶԹ²ȻÿһɱΪĿġ
Ѫ䡯ĲأǹµԲֵͣԭڣֹƬ֮һֻѪ䡯Ҳնɱ


1207 
ɫͣЪѪɫâѪɫâе룬ѾֽȻڿС
Ĳ⡮Ѫ䡯ʵҲˣ
Ц˵ʱѾЩԾԾԣЩġѪ䡯֪ɲǳɫ쵽
ǺǣǰһֻѪ䡯ο赲ĵ·
ڵĲ̫ΪЩѪ䡯սսپս˰ʱѣǱЩѪ䡯ܣǵ漣ˡ
ɫġѪ䡯ȴżֻ·Ķˣ˫Ѹٵתţ֪ʲôơ
Ѫڸֵˣб뱾һսɣҪ֪
µѪɫָ˲񷣬ϵǿɢһս
ü츳ǻ۽ϳˣһֻѪ䡯ļޡҲҪ״ҲҪֻѪ䡯
аţһѪɫףͬһյĹ£Ҳɱɺ顣
ΪʱһֻѪ䡯ʵǿ̫СǻˡһֻѪ䡯Ǹļƻ뱾һսûʸ񡣡
ǽɫġѪ䡯Цû·УùдŭһѾ߿еȥ
ɳ嶯СĳԿ
ȵȴȻûзգΪ֪ǽɫѪ䡯ʵҲδؾǹµĶ֡
䣡
ڷеһ߶ʱͻȻײһϰϣһ¡ľ졣
ƴ󷨵ĽƣҾȻû뵽
ЩƵ˵ǹǿĽƷ׹롣
ɷ֮ǹ·Ӧ죬ɴбˡ
һγδ²δ٣׹סΣѪɫɽ͵ָ񷣬Хһͬӥչ㸴ַҡֱϡ
ɫѪ䡯ζϷʵŸŹµΪƺν̬ȡ
ƾǿƳģڶѡҲȻֻù
Ѿ˶ۣΪֻǽɫѪ䡯бѾ²⵽
ڼִ赲֮еѪɫɽ֮ƣ͵նһĽ
һǹǿһ֣һѪɫݺݵײڽ֮ϡ
ʵ̫󣬺¡һ󣬹µ޷ǰ壬ȴǱǽƷء
ԽܷЧԽǿǹµĽֱܹƵƵ
꣡
µƾһɺݾûܹƵƣǿӲˣѾһѪ˿
Ҫ嶯ֻ˷
ѵľʮƽ͵״̬УղŵķսҲʱ档
ЩƵڿУɱڵֱǽɫġѪ䡯ϿһЦ
ʵ̫Сˣڻƴ󷨵Ľ£Ҫ뱾һսϧûʸ񡣡
ɫѪ䡯Աӵ˵ùвȴЩ޿κΡ
ֻܵСˣʲôߣ
±ӵʱ·ѪɫâԽԽǿңвˣЩձɱġѪ䡯ҲϾҪˡ
ġѪ䡯ʵ֮ǰκθı䣬ǡѪ䡯֮
𣬿ѭսȥôǿԣǹ£Ҳ޷ɱЩѪ䡯
ɫѪ䡯ֻǼЦЦ㹻̼ˡ
ڹµŭƽƺΧһжҲ
޷ƽƣЩѪ䡯ֻȫֻмսȥ޷ֺܾõġ
ʱ¸ûʱ˼ָһǺɫնȥ
һ֮ʮѪɫâĽ÷顣
ЩնѪɫâ˲ҲζšѪ䡯ٶҲӳ
Щһﻹж೤ʱ临
ɿʵ
Ѫ䡯ɱ֮󣬿ܻһʱڸɣ죬նɱЩѪɫâӳǸʱ䡣
µڶոշǽɫѪ䡯Ѿ´ˡ
ȻɽַɳһƬѪ䡯ЩһȻһ֮ڡ
һ١Ѫ䡯ֱӳŹ·ȥȻȫЩڸ״̬еġѪ䡯ֱӳŹ¹
һ١Ѫ䡯ʵΣȻǱͽȫ
ȵĳ·Ѫɫâնɱȥһ֡Ѫ䡯ӳʱ临
Ȼ٣ǱɾͲˡ
ɫѪ䡯һЦΧɽٴηɳȺѪ䡯ﵽ֮ڡ
һɽ֮Ѿ֮ġѪ䡯һµ


1208 
ΪѪ䡯ǺųȺսֲɱ֣һְֻϵġѪ䡯öϻɳĮľ󲿷ŷӣٳһȺٵġѪ䡯֮ڵġѪ䡯Ϊ
ֻѪ䡯Ӧ𣿡
ʵ
ֻѪ䡯ͷ۰ðɣҾֻѪ䡯磬Ҫ뵽ȥİ취ֻ·һ
Щ˵û뵽˶ġѪ䡯
ȶԸǣһᾡ취
ͷ˵ȴоЩ֣ΪʲôЩѪ䡯ֻһˣȴʼûСѪ䡯Լأ
ãһǻиġѪ䡯ôȫҵĴأ
ֻǽɫѪ䡯ı飬Ѿ³ԡ
һǿƷյĵг֮ڵġѪ䡯ȺԲһɵ顣
ʲô취أǱˮڡҿЩѪ䡯Ԫ֮壬Ҳ޷һ֮ġѪ䡯ѵҪʹ屾𣿡
зٵķš
İֻѪ䡯ǿƹ£Ѿұʵǽ߾ȫٶɱЩѪ䡯
Ѫ䡯ﵽʱЩѪ䡯սʽҲ˲ٸı䣬һּʩչļܣԼĪһ롮Ѫ䡯ʩչԶ̹
϶ֻѪ䡯ʵͬʱ谭ԷٶȵĺɫùµսԽѡ
ʱĺɫǰеĺɫŽȻͬʣЩɫɫһմȾϣήٶȡ
ЩѪ䡯׼ֻһͷźɫɫһͷţܿڿռӡ
СģЩɫԼٶȣմȾĺɫԽ࣬ٶȱ½
´ѵзɽ˷ռбսˣЩѪ䡯ص˺
Ѿǧ࣬ٴһ֮ڵġѪ䡯ȻʱǵϵѪɫâȴͻȻֻ̬֮Ѫ䡯ѪɫâֳΡ
һʱЩѪ䡯Ѿ帴̵ʱڱٴͶ뵽սС
ЩӵġѪ䡯ʵ޶ٸı䣬ֲģҲ˵ǰŬù
ѾɱԷ󣬶ԷȴԭѪ죡
Ѿ֪ЩѪ䡯Ŀ֮Լ߱ɵ츳ֻֻѪ䡯Χ£Ҳȫˡ
Ǳսˣºξ١Ѫ䡯ֻǣĿǰĴ£û·ָĻᶼûС
ͬˮġѪ䡯ԹչһһĹƣǺɫӰ£µٶҲѾپ߱
£ǹʹУֶܹôãҲʵں˵

ɽڿʱھҪˣ򣬹µĴֻԽԽΣա
û׼ɱΧµġѪ䡯֪ԷһɳѪ䡯ΧԼ
ȻϣǽɫѪ䡯Ѿ´ǣһƬѪ䡯Χɽ
ЩѪ䡯ʱֻùҲЩɵˣû뵽Ѫ䡯ᳬһǧ
УѪ䡯һֱһص壬ƽʱγɶҵġѪ䡯ȺѾ൱ˣʱγɹǧȻǳµ֮⡣
һǧֻѪ䡯ѵô𣿡
һԲм˵
ߣĪҪ˵󻰣ڷյĽڣѵһǧֻѪ䡯ԸǶһ𣿡
ɫѪ䡯˵
һǧֻʲô̫ʧˣһΪ붼ǧֻأû뵽ȴôٵǡѪ䡯˶ѵûʣڶϻɳĮô꣬ȻֻһǧЦˡ
Լȱӵ˵Ŀıͨ˽Է׻ж١Ѫ䡯ֻ֪˵ˣſʹս֮
ҪôֻһǧֻѪ䡯أ
ɫġѪ䡯ЩƵ˵
ԭˣ;ΣǸֻһǧֻѪ䡯ǿɱʧ͸Ȼֻһǧ¡ҿĵλһһǧ£ҲҳԴе㲻ѡ㣬һ߷
߿һ˵Ƿ̵ַϷӵ쾡¡
ˣͣսڣҪ󵨵ļһʶĴ
ɫѪ䡯ѾĹǺˣ
ҲڵõϢ֮ͣս֮󣬶ԷЩɱġѪ䡯Ҳܿ츴ԼһͲǸϢ
Ϊκ˵ѵһǧѪ䡯𣿡
һʱû뵽ĿģԲžЩɻ


1209 
ֶֻģǣȴ٣⡮Ѫ䡯Ĵһٱӡ
ˣ˵ֱ̫ˡѵΪֻһǧ𣿡
ɫѪ䡯΢΢ţŨŨɱ⣬޲õɱȻǲܵ顣
ߣɱǿɱû뵽Ƥô˵Բѣ㵱ɵӰȻж¡
ĽƿԼС
ʣһԼ򵥵ķҲǷǳʵõķ
Լǿ˻ǱȽٵģһ׼˶Է㣬㲻ѼŭԷ
ЩѪ䡯иԵԣǾƢԱ֮꣬ǰֻСġѪ䡯֮ʱѾ˽⡣
ʱй۲ãȻһİտԼŭ⡮Ѫ
ֹѪϻɳĮˡҲз֮ŭ
Ѫ汻ŭˣ·һֲǺɽȽɽеһǧѪ䡯ͬҲܵӰ졣
ߵķŭڶġѪ䡯ҿһ
ЩѪ䡯иԣǾ޷仯Σ߶ԣǸȱݡ
ȻΪߣߣħߣǻ̬Ϊģ߱࣬Ǵ󲿷ħҲ̬ߣҲ̶ܴܵȵӰ졣
ССߣ֮ңһ̬߱ߣʵڿЦ֮ôҪǲǾͽȫгҵҪС嵽׻жٵ
ϽͣﲻݣеġѪ䡯˷ŭ֮С
õġѪʱȻ˵ԭأֻһķŭ
ŭһֻѪǵѡ𣿡
вʵܵԷŭ⣬ЩΪʱĴǡ
ѪôҲ޷ƽʱľһִδйӡ
ļһȻãöʶһ˵ȡ
ѪĻ»Ȼȴǹݳŵ顣
ۼΪʵΪ飡˵ûж١Ѫ䡯
ЦЦڴʱȫѪ䡯̶
ȫ塮Ѫ䡯вߣɱ⣡
ѪƬɽ֮ص

Ӧɽ˷ҲЩ
ڣɽһιģġѪ䡯Ⱥˣɽз׷ӿѪ䡯ЩѪ䡯ʵֱ̫̫࣬ǳǵ֮ơ

۾ǰ֮⡮Ѫ䡯ʵ̫ˡ
ˣһμ˶ġѪ䡯⡮Ѫ䡯ǺųƷܲôܻô࡮Ѫ䡯
µмҪץˣʹ˼֪⡮Ѫ䡯Ⱥĵϸ
ʱ֪δرǺ£ڿ˶ġѪ䡯󣬹еսѾдһ͹ȡ
Ӵԭ⡮Ѫ䡯в٣Ҳһɣֻһ£ѵɱ𣿡
̼Է
쵰ֱǺ˵˵ڣǧʮѪ䡯ȥɱһֻڻǧʮѪ䡯
ѪһְȻ˵˵£ֻܹһѪ䡯ԸˣʱѪʵЩܲסˣȫġѪ䡯չǰ
͸һþ۲ˣʱȴǡѪ䡯ͻȻﵽһʷǰļޡ
ˣ˵ҲֻһѪ䡯ԸǶڣѪ䡯ͬʱǶҲ޷Ѱɣ
Ц֪ЩѪ䡯֮˵һ򣬾٣ԼҲűߡ
ǰѪ䡯ֱ޷󣬹ҲǿԶԸ֮ܲһ˶ԸġѪ䡯ɣ
Ҳ̾Ϣ
ڶ˶ԣ⡮Ѫ䡯ʵֲ̫ˣû˻ӳ
⡮ѪȻΥŵԣºϷһͷ
ȵ⡮ѪĺǷǳصġ
СϷ飬ҲȲŹȣ
ѪյĺȻϻɳĮˡҲûзеһ𣬿ԼΪΣյʱ̣ȻԷֹͣ˼ˡ
һﻹţȻСӣһҪӳѪ䡯ȺΧʵ
Ѫ䡯ȺвµɫѾ԰׵ĺѪɫϾɱЩѪ䡯Ԫ֮壬ôġѪ䡯ԼȫɱҲ޾ġѪ䡯Ⱥ


1210 
Ѫһ࣬ʱЦźױ˰ɣԱЩѪ䡯ʵ˵ȶˣСǰҲֻܹ顣磬ȸϽͶȻˣῴһ棬Σ
ºֻܹԿЦԣϾǰƶԼһ̫ˡ
ԤЩѪ䡯ܻǧȴҲû뵽ﵽ֮ڣʱ˿̣Ͷֻܹ׸
ڻһս֮£ôЩѪ䡯в֮£ȵҪЩС޷˶ڡ֪ҵȡʤʲô£

ѪһЦѪ䡯ҲͬʱЦǷЦɽȡ
ҵ취ԸЩѪ䡯ֻ·һ
зٵ˼ţʱ˵ΪסԷԸԼȡһЩ˼ʱ䣬Ըȡʱ䡣
ΪϻɳĮˣȻЩѪ䡯ηĵطʱϵԼŮİΣв֮
һʱ䣬Ѿ뵽İ취ʱӴԼӴܻɱƬط
Ѫ䡯ʱ̵޷ǱƣɳĮҲ㹻ߣԡѪ䡯ȺγǣЧ
ʱǡѪŵ˵뱾ɵ𣿱ӵرһƤȾͽҷ𣬺뱾һ˵ǽ̫ˡôǿǲѾ־أ
Ѫֵ⣬ĸо
˵СļһҳȺʵ̫ʧˡ£ǡѪ䡯ԾǵӣһƢ꣬ĵӵߣҲֻܹǸЦ
ϬԹţǵѪ䡯棬Ҳ޾֮ɫ
Ѫƺױŭʱ׺ݵĿ⸩ڽһ󣬲˽սľġ
ʹļôһʵһļһȥأһҪе侲ͲѪ䡯ԷȻᱣ侲顣
ɣֻʩչٶȵɣҲа취ЩѪ䡯ǣҪȫһСġѪ䡯ҲҪʱϵʱ䣬ҪһֻġѪ䡯ҪʱҲá
һ˱Ҫôʱɣôĵˣοڶʱȫɣ
һᣬȴҷʱǰɷвͨġ
Ĳϸһ뱾ǿʵɣǶȻҪսҪʱȱᱻµġѪ䡯ɣǽ𡣡
Ѫ˵ͬʱԹ۲Ŷ˵ı飬ȴΪ죬ŮӵľѾܵصĸţʱ͸Щη壬ɵ֮⡣
ȻȴǰȻϵƽ̹ȻáѪʮֲĵط
һЦʵ뾡취ʱ䣬ǡѪȴǸоĪ֪½֮λЦĳ
ȻɲȡҾѰ磬ǳɫ潫ЩѪ䡯֣ȻԪַЩһļһЩһᱻҿƣǾͳΪҵʵˡ
תıƽʱҪ˺ܶ࣬һ˲Ĺ򼸺֮ľԤϵˡ
ξ֮У
˵ĸ֣зɽѾָǡѪ
ŭķŭ
ʵѾռ㹻ƣԹϣѪ䡯Ҳһˡ
Ѫ֮£ԵԷвնһ˿ûвûӰľ
ɶСӣãСú棡ȵ湻ˣȻٽԪ֮ɡֻѪ䡯׼ǣ֪Ѫ䡯֮
Ѫһǿߵ´
һǧֻѪ䡯ӡѪΪ֮˷ֱΧס
ֻС棬ûɣ
˵֮͸ɵζȻڼ¡
û⣬Ҿû⣡ֻѣʲôأ
ﲻ֪˻˼ɹЦɫɲ԰ףսѾѸٵ
ѪɫЩ࣬ŭǻʲôĽһﲻСơѪ䡯
һǧֻѪ䡯չ˽빫ͬʱֻѪ䡯
Ѫ䡯ȺﵽһֱЧΪҪ̵ʱɱֻѪ䡯Ѷʵ̫󣬶ЩѪ䡯ʩչֿԽ屻ɱһʱ֮ڱ㸴ʱʩչԪԱļܣ


1211 
µѪɫɽԽǿֲĽ£ֻѪ䡯ֱӳΪ꣬ġѪ䡯򺷲ηĹ¡
ɫսĿռ֣Щɫ𵽼ЧǶԡѪ䡯ԣȴǺӰ졣
ЩѪ䡯ʱеķɽҲѾˡ
ڽ£Ľвڹ֮£һ֮΢ɱֻѪ䡯塣
ȻֻѪ䡯ĹĵҲԲ١
ǱɱġѪ䡯ѾѸٵĻΪһѪɫâڵ棬ʱҪɣȴҲ޷ͨ㡮Ѫ䡯İΧ
ѪɫâǡѪ䡯ɱһ̬ڴ̬£Ѫ䡯ǲ߱κιЧģԪ֮ҲĹС
ಣ
ֱչ˲ƣﵽļٶȣһ˲ԶڡѪ䡯֮⣬򵥵ĵˡ
ִƬѪɫâ֮ʱſһѪɫâͬʱС
𣿺ô󵨵ļһȻͬʱֻѪ䡯Ԫ֮壬ѵ޾塮Ѫ䡯ĹЩѪ䡯Ԫ֮һʱ֮ڼͣĶҲһԳ͡ǾֻѪ䡯ͬʱڣԪ֮Σˡ
ѪаЦΪһʵѰ·ΪΪѪɫâеġѪ䡯ֻԪ̬֮ʵȻ
һɺΧġѪ䡯Ȼͬʱסˣһ˲䣬ڵǳɫѾѪɫâס
һѪɫâǳɫ潣ķָ˲䱻潣ָɶ֡
ɵļϣѾγԼһϵͳɷٶȷѾһ¼¡
Ԫ֮չʱЩѪɫâǴԪ֮壬лһʣǳɫҲѽ֮
ЩꡮѪ䡯ӲȺǿǿǳɫҲѽ֮ȫɡָѪɫâٶȣҲҪķƬʱ䣬ҪЩһԪ֮壬ֻǸΪѣ
֮̾òΪһԼٶ̫ôҪġѪ䡯ΣǱֻһˡ
ѪΧġѪ䡯ʱֹͣΪѪɫâк󣬡ѪѾ϶ɣںĵҪ֪³
Ѫ䡯ǲܱɵģһֱڡѪ䡯ȺУڡѪ䡯ŸҺηĹˡ
Ȼһ⣬ǱǶϻɳĮˡҲǡѪӵԭ֮һ
߱Ѫ䡯Ԫ֮ļܣȻҲֻܹɱϡٵġѪ䡯һһǧ֮ڵġѪ䡯Ҳһʮİա
ҲǶϻɳĮһֵطΪϻɳĮˣҲ׵ĿơѪ䡯Ⱥ塣
Ѫ䡯ֻвһ֮ȻΥκǽ񳯲ͬգڡѪ䡯չ󣬡Ѫ䡯Ҳû̫ıҪȥ
ڡѪ䡯ͣ⵹ǸӦɵʱ䣬ԼһѪɫâ
ʱǵѪɫâŸոձָǧݣŷɵ鷳֮һ壬ҲҪһСʱʱ䣬ҪԪ֮壬ҲҪʱá
ǽǳɫ淢ӵһ״̬ѪɫâٶȴȥٶȸγɲЧɣҲɰżȴǲ¶κʧı顣
ʱѪġѪ䡯ҲΪǸЧҲֻܹԲ²⡣
ڹ£֮ڵġѪ䡯ΧԽпĵزڶ࡮Ѫ䡯γɶЧвɰĽʱɡ
ɣʵϣ¸ɣֻҪͨȴսԶԶҪ޴ľѹ
ڶ࡮Ѫ䡯£ȻԭеƽǺ΢΢һĨصЦϣڡѪ䡯ҲʼӵжЩѪ䡯
Ѫ䡯ĸǷǳģڡѪУΪĸԱʷǳ֮ͣԣÿһֻѪ䡯Ǽ䱦ġ
չʵ󣬡ѪҲòµðգԲΧڵȴֻѪ䡯ķǰж
һĬһɱ죬⼫޵ĶԱȸѹ
㣡ʱұŬ
Ҽ΢ЦڡѪ䡯ʵһֻѪ䡯
Ƭ̹ȥֻѪ䡯ʻûбǳɫȫڣ£Ԫ֮Ҳ޷չɡ
ֻҪһʱЩһԸԪ֮嶼߱£һǸҾͰװ˷һеŬˡУһҪһʱ֮һֻѪ䡯


1212 
аԷݣ͵ĽڵȫǳɫչֳȻٷѹЩǳɫĻ档
һ̴ͷðһͷţΧĺɫ˲٣⵹ǡѪ䡯ȺԾʮ⡣
ѹǼѵ飬վв£츳ӵһ״̬ǳɫڲϵͷţֲϵѹ
úͷðİԽԽ࣬ЩͷϵƮΧĺɫʧٶҲԽ졣
ǡѪʱôлȫѹǳɫ档
ǣѪд󣬴ʱҲʶɼܣȻû´﹥
һѣ
аȻȫĽԼڻѹУ۾¶صЦ⣬Ѿ״̬֮С
±ѹԭڡ
ؼʱ̣ٶȹǳɫǲǿֱӹϵ
ֻеǳɫһΣôпԸٶЩѪ䡯Ԫ֮塣
ռ֮еİɫͬ˾Чһ㣬ĽΧġѪ䡯ҲС
ԭǴɫġѪ䡯ʱɫ£Ȼʼ΢Сı仯ıɫ
һ츳̫ǿˣĪɣ
ѪԲ²⣬Ҳ˾⡣
ںδǿΪıġ
ߵġѪҲ޷ףֻе˵ʵǿˣŻƽȵ۹ȥӶԷֻǱӵĿ⡣
ڵǳɫ澭ܳһʱĻۣʱѾӵһǿѾӽıٽ㡣
һ£ȻڵĻȻĽģʽֻʱȴЩ⡣
ʵǿڻֻܹԼ츳ƴѹǳɫ档
ǳɫѹĹУɫҲϵķ仯ǳɫ𽥱䵭ʱǻҲڳ
Ƭ̹ȥһν߾ȫȫǧǳɫ棬ЩǳɫͬʲôƵģ̳ǰѹǳɫȥ
ھ޴ѹ£ڽǳɫѹһСɫԽԽǳĻ档
ǳɫĻЩǷȱҪѹǿĻʵ̫ˡ
ո룬о漣ˣѾѹǳɫĻɫ͵ķһʵĸı䡣
Ұɫ棡ƺѾȫˡ
пϲû뵽ðѹǳɫ棬ȴĹͷûҰɫ͡
Ұɫͺȴγ˷ǳٵĻԱȵĻͬһˮΪһưˮ½
ǴӻĽǶ߾ͬͭľ޴Ұɫǿʮֹ
һʱʱܿҪţסеĿϲĵѪɫâǽȫҰɫ漯ѾΪǧϵѪɫâ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ɻҰɫɵĽѾѪɫâѸٵиַʱѾγ˶ǧΣٶȱ֮ǰʮֹ
ѪɫâΪ֮ʱʱѾ޽ӽһʱˣҪѪɫâ֮ʡ
ûʱ£ҲֻܹεĵѪɫâ
ֻѪ䡯ڣЩѪ䡯ڸ֮󣬼˲ȱʧһ֣֪ںδ
ԼѪɫâʵٶҲ˺ܶ࣬ĿǰٶȣƬʱ䣬ԿڻֻѪ䡯塣
ֻѪ䡯һãڸо˴طĹ֮
Ѫ䡯̲ͣܿ³˴˵ΪδȻչͻȻûκκõİ취ȴֵЩѪ䡯ڲ
ಣ
һ˲ʵʩԶ幦ܣڿγЧֻѪ䡯ֱĸǶȷ˳ȥ
ԭֻѪ䡯׼ȿ壬֪츳Ȼ˲⣬ΪˣֻѪ䡯˲ڡ
Լ츳չ⹦ܣȻ飬һж˲ɣֻѪ䡯ڳȥɵˣû뵽һνĹȴγùЧ
Ѫɴ˫ۣЩŵһУ뵽Ƚ츳ܿˡѪ䡯ڹ
ֻѪ䡯Ҫٴζ֮Уֱǳ룬ԣѪ䡯£ֻѪ䡯Ҳֻ
ɱΧֻʣһ١Ѫ䡯ˣһʱңǵϵѪɫâĿʼҫϵѪ»ָȻ뵽ԹµķսС
һֻԻҰɫΧġѪ䡯ȴԶҲˣΪ屻ɺԪ֮ҲûǸֵãֻң㱻׵Ԫ֮塣


1213 
ȻֻԪ֮壬ҪȫǻҪʱ䡣
Ŀǰļ״̬һֻѪ䡯ҲҪƬʱ䣬ٶȻ̫ˡǸѪ֪ܹɳġѪ䡯֮һٸ˳ʱɻᡣ
а뵽ʱһȺѪ䡯Ѿ츳סˡ
ɣϻɳĮ󣬵ڶɡѪ䡯ߣԸġѪ䡯ԾԲһϢ
ڶܹɡѪ䡯Ĺ̥һΣһҪɱԾ󻼣ӣҲԲӣɣ
ѪѾ⣬еɱŨ
ѪЩŪɡѪ䡯ģʱҲŭɶϾڶѾ˶ֻѪ䡯
ǿ츳£ΧġѪ䡯Ҳη֮ɫϾûκһֻѪ䡯ԭԶսᡣ
֮³ȻǺʵġ
ֻѪ䡯ԪЩѪ䡯һȫµ˽⡣
ಣ
һͻȻ˲ƣһֻѪ䡯ûüܣһɱ
ѪɫâȻҲûӹֶΣ֮븹УǡѪŭĺøɱ
ʣµİٶֻѪ䡯뷢ǽǵصĹֲѡ̵ʱ˲ƶܡ
˲ƵĹУѾչǿһΣԻҰɫֱӽֻѪ䡯Ԫֱ֮ӷ룬û뵽ϣԽ֮Ԫ֮롣
˲֮ԤķƻһƹǡѪ䡯壬ӶֱӽԪ֮ɡ
Ԫ֮ٶȣĿǰԣҲҪӣʱ仹̫ˣϾƵġѪ䡯
Ѫ䡯Ⱥھݵԥڿʼĳչ
һɣһսļ츳£ڶ࡮Ѫ䡯ΧȻչɡ
ҲֻѪ䡯Χ¼οʵأ
ڽ£ʵڹ֮£Ҫһ֮⣬޾١Ѫ䡯Χ
ѪĹ۲еɱϵǣѾԷһҪɱ򣬡Ѫ䡯ֶһӵԵĵˡ
ʱţѾ˲ȴȻûиıĴΪǡѪ䡯һҲ٣˫ʵ˳£ĵ󣬳ԿľԲǡѪ䡯Ⱥ
ҲòȥһֻѪ䡯棬ȴķϵʱ䡣
ʱڣĵҲԲٶȥֻԪ֮ޣܲڶʱڽ١Ѫ䡯ȫɡ
˴ʱһǧѪ䡯ҲԵѣΧʮġѪ䡯ʱԣʱٶȣûϵʱ䣬ֻܽѪ䡯ȫɡ
ʱ䣬µһԼôãΧġѪ䡯ҲһֱԹۣȥٶԶԶġ
ɱ
һɫķɽն֮ʱҲֻѪ䡯ɱ壬ɱĹУѪɫâҲ븹С
츳ԣǲâǽսڼ״̬ҲɵĵֵЩѪ䡯Ĺ
ǰԸֻꡮѪ䡯ʱδս׵ǿȻʱ˿̣Ե˿и˽ս׵ǿ
١Ѫ䡯ʱڼκвΪЩѪ䡯ٶȻѷɫ
һԣҲֻаֻѪ䡯չڽս׵ı̬£ЩѪ䡯˲ͻƽս׵ķ
ҲΪˣս׵ĳǿԼԶ޸ԣԡѪ䡯ȺΧʱҲͬԼǰѡ
ͬʱչս˫ĹȴȫͬʱµѾɥʧΪСŵٶȱȽϿ졣
Ȼս׵ǿʱֻʹ˲ԼǿɱܣĵٶȴǷǳģиõϢսٶҲԽԽ졣
ҰɫٶҲ𽥵ļǿҲΪǿγһ͸Χϵĳۡ
ֻҪԱƽ⣬츳ʵֺξЩѪ䡯Ⱥ
һʱ֮ѾʮֻѪ䡯ɣЩɵԪ֮ʱҲ޷̫ãȴΧġѪ䡯оֵһɡ
ηԡѪ䡯Ⱥԣǽ޷ԷɱĻϣһԷγԪ֮ɣеĽЩͬ
ٵѹԽԽ󣬵ЩѪ䡯ηһδʩչԪԱͬʱڵҲѸٵš


1214 
ڶԸЩѪ䡯ʱȴƺѾηս֮⣬һΧȴҲԸ׵ıɱ壬ԸⱻֱԪ֮塣
ѪֳЩľ֮ɫѾΪڶôӲȥ
šѪһ£һǧֻѪ䡯Χȥ
һǧֻѪ䡯ΧġѪ䡯ѺǿˣڡѪ䡯Ƶǣս˿û½ɵٶҲԽԽ졣
츳֣ڴʱٵľ޴ѹ£ѾעһĽɼܷӵ״̬ɵٶҲԽԽ죬ԭӲɵɣʱһʱ䡣
ڡѪ䡯Ѿη֮УϾ˭ҲԸԪ֮壬ֱɵʹ࣬ڡѪ䡯идġ
ǶҿһֻѪ䡯Ԫ֮壬Ȼž޴ѹΪкһԴɣǳ߻ħ
УıԣٶȥҵԪ֮ҲƿɵĴԪ֮塣
ڱγƣʵҲаԽпࡣ
Ѫ䡯ĸʵԶԶѷɫڵʱսݱΪһ־սѪ䡯ȺǿԼĳǿ츳ӶԷԴԷ
ǡѪ䡯֮ڶϻɳĮУͬųƲƣη塮Ѫ䡯ȺϾǡѪ䡯Ⱥǿļܱɼܡ
ֻ⡮Ѫ䡯Ⱥӵеǿɼȴ޷ʩչֻҪ㹻֧֣Ѫ䡯Ⱥ޷γЧ
˵Ԫ֮壬ĽսףЩѪ䡯ȺԵ޿κΡ
ʱҲֹͣ˶ԡѪ䡯ΪЩѪ䡯Ҳ޿κС
˫սעģֻѾ˲ľ֮С
ǺɫӰ˹µжٶȣΧġѪ䡯Ȼ֮ôʱڣ¸޷ɱκһֻѪ䡯
ǡѪ䡯ȺĹģʽԲ֮ĶԷڴĹڵʽǼת¡
ķâԽԽһѪɫսҲѾγȱڣΪЩѪ䡯޼᲻֮ѪɫսͬᱻѪ䡯ɣùֻʹǿάâһѪ䡯ʼ壬ǽֻһ;
С棡
·ŭĺ͵ڿзޱ䣬һΣչ˱̬
ڱ̬£ڵɸǿһ㣬ñ츳СǡѪ䡯һģһĴС
ʹС󣬷ҲߣֻȻûжٸı䡣
ɱѪ䡯ôαȥ˷ϵնɱʱѾȫڷϣСٶȶΧġѪ䡯ȺĹ
ȻĿɡѪ䡯츳̫ǿˣֻϧٶ̫ˣ򣬸ӵıЩѪ䡯ˡ
аţڿռмЩѪ䡯ȺĹ
ڹ´ʱֻ֪ڴʱЩѱҪȹ̸ֺס
ֹͣɺЩѪ䡯ηҲЩƣܡ
ʱڷٵţԶ˵ĴҲԽһĵȻǡѪ䡯Ⱥռݾơ
ಣ
ɱһֻ˵׵ġѪ䡯Ԫ֮ҲѾ븹С
ΧġѪ䡯ٴξ裬δֱֻѪ䡯Ԫ֮塣
ڴʱ˿̣һͻԺӿ֣뵽Ĵʱһԡ
޷ЩѪ䡯Ԫ֮Ҫڱôֻзǳ֮ˡЩѪ䡯ĸʵǿ󣬵屻ɱѪɫâ޹ԡ£ҺαһҪǵԪ֮أ˲ǣǷϴʱ֮
˳˼άģʽ˺ܶ࣬һæٴɱֻѪ䡯ʱڱĵѪɫâƷҲ㹻ˡ
˵ġѪ䡯ʵ˵Ĵӵеǿɼ£Ѫ䡯ȺԸġ
ǡѪ֪áѪ䡯Ʒ֪᲻ᱻѪ
ѪҲаԳ棬û뵽ôʱȥˣսȻǿ˹ûдУһ˲١Ѫ䡯ӶˡѪ䡯ȺĿ־塣
һ츳̫ǿǾֻܹȡǳֶˣסŮӣŮӵҪЮҲܹԳֹסǸ
Ѫԭ׼棬ЩԡѪ䡯ΪۣʵЩ治ˡϾѪ䡯ȫҲô࣬ɱһֻһֻҪϧÿһԱ


1215 
ȻƾֻѪ䡯ڶ¹£Ҳδ̫Сƹµʵˡ
ڱ̬£ȻӵǿսֻΪ˽Լֻѡһζķܡ
һоͿˣҵҲˣҵң
´ĺΪֲ֪̫ãԲ˵֪Լ
ȥһģ
ԼᶨӦǸֳһ˿ŵЦ⣬һؼ֮С
һֻѪ䡯ʱȽԪ֮룬ȻǿĻҰɫ潣ȥֱӻǷԪ֮塣
ΪڷԪ֮ӵеٶȲ˲ѣЩѪ䡯Ԫ֮޷֮ʱҪԪ֮岢ѡ
ԻҰɫĽڻԪ֮ٶȷ棬Ҳͼӵ顣
Ҳ˵ʮӵʱڣ˶ѪɫâԪ֮룬ֱԻҰɫ潣ԷԪ֮塣
Ԫ֮屻ȴͻȻʧһ㣬ҲɸоЩ⡣
ͬ㲻ЩѪ䡯ΪڶϻɳĮһ㣬Ԫ֮屻ͻȻʧӰ٣ͬһš
ʱҲȷѪɫâһʱʲôҲֻܹ²⣬һʧȥԪ֮ġѪ䡯Ӧò߱ʲôв
һӱԽһֱѪ䡯ϵɶԷĹ̶ʡȥˡ
ڶѪɫâڻҰɫʱͬȷԪ֮壬ȻСԪ֮̽飬̽һ󣬹Ӿֲ⡮Ѫ䡯Ԫ֮塣
ڵԪ֮壬ڷԪ֮ĻϣַֻѪ䡯ļ䡣
Ԫ֮еļ䣬ڵĵطʮΪ֮ǰɼľ飬ԣϲİֻһռУһǻ
ԷԪ֮֮ʱпܻΪһֻ׳յġѪ䡯ٲ֮ͬǰһڷĹԼ
һֻڼ̵ʱɣһѪ䡯ʱѾ˿ЩѪ䡯뷨
ҪһֻѪ䡯Ѷȿ϶ֱӻ𣬻߰
һֻѪ䡯ȻʮֻôҪֻһ飬һܹ֤ƣô⡮Ѫ䡯Ⱥвֱ½ܶࡣ
һսһԼľͶ뵽ѪԪ֮о֮С
룬
뵽˿ƣȴ̽һԵ޴֣֪һӺ
ʱΧġѪ䡯ĹȻϬƾ豾ս˵սʵǿֵ
ûɻĻϣŲԸ˷ȥɱѪ䡯
οأԪ֮ǸݼжϵģҪԪ֮壬׸ôӺأ
ʵڶԷֻԪ֮壬Щ֪֡
ҪƣǾͱӼ趨һ˵ģʽѪһҲϣڶû취ɡнҵˣôļӦ־ҺβļһЩµļأ
뵽һЩüĿԷӼ䣬ǣСĵĸԪµļ䣬еĸӳ̶ȲɱһǧֻѪ䡯Ϊ˴ﵽ󻯣εȫ´⡣
һּ߱ļҲӰõļ䣬Ǳ㽫֮ǰļȫˣֻԼõļ䡣
һֻѪ䡯ֻ֪ˣܻ𡣿ǣԭм䣬ǻ᲻ʧȥսأ
˼ţǣֻüɱֻѪ䡯ٴνһ趨
Ѫ䡯¸ҪһʱģǡѪΪ˼١Ѫ䡯ȺʧһǧѪ䡯¡
һǧֻɱġѪ䡯ʱ¾ԼҲ޴Ӱ쵽Խ
ԹµʵֻܹѪ䡯Χ¼һѾǼˣʱһǧֻѪ䡯ķ񹥻ùµֵס֮Ѿ˺ۣ屻ЩѪ䡯ɵĳʵ̫ˡ
ʱȻһǧֻѪΧ࣬Ϊս׵ĳǿ˷ǳǿãϲ࣬ٶȣĵֻǺٵһ֡
ƽ״̬ʱѪ䡯ٶ࣬Ƕԣкξ֮У
ģѾĿĵĸı䷽򣬿ʼŹµķͻΧȥɫĽڴʱϵ޼᲻ݣ־ͻΧԣٶġѪ䡯Ҳú塣
¼Ѿ޷֧ȥˣϵĻɱȴֻùĥ˹µս־
ֳֽ֮ɫɽһֱ߳µķɱȥһ·֮ϣе·ߣķɽɱ


1216 
ɽɱĽЩѪ䡯壬ܻ֮ڡѪ䡯־ĸ
޿赲֮ƳǰͦġѪǹǧġѪ䡯ȺҲԵ޼ƿʩֻܹ𽥵Ŀ¡
ھпϣһεļ֪ԼʵһֱȥչһȴΪ˼ȥϣ
ϣ𣬷ܶϢ
´ʱҲԱ֮ƽġѪ䡯׷ɱɱ壬Ҳ˹ϣ
˵ľڲϵСһУٶȸ죬Ƭ̵ʱ䣬˹ٵġѪ䡯ȻֻȽЩѪɫâ븹УδãҲҪȵ
֮ǰӪȹ£üޣԣŲϧķʵɱ
ѪԽСʱ˾η֮ģΪԷʵʸԼȥη
ʹãվᱻϣһϣҲֻ·һһΣǰ۸κδۣҪɱ
ѪѾЩΪҲֻһʱ嶯ѣȴǶԡѪ䡯Ⱥǳġ
ʵҡѪʵ֮ϣжǿļһѪ䡯ȺḶصĴۡ
ʵϣʱѾ߽缯˴ߣа֮ڣɳĮҲڷ
ѪǵǹԼİΣˣһŮһпŮҲԲڴˣԣŻʩչȫ֮ߣʶϻɳĮƽ
һγƣ㹻ѹѪ䡯ȺϾһһ£Ѫ䡯ʵرǿ󣬶вߵĸʵԶڡѪ䡯ʵ֮ϡ
ڿһ޴ĻϣѪȺΧ빫£ʹĿ̽
չʱҲˣԼϻɳĮ˻Ҫǿ
ʱԿƬطļΪδ¶˿
ĿתĶĻһѾòС
κεطӢǻᱻͣݣڶϻɳĮͬ
ųʵһĹҲѾ߲֧ȻĴڡѪ䡯ȺС
ʣ޲óϷҲ̾硣
츳ʵԽǿбԽˣȥչԼŮôγһ׮
Ӧ֮ˣŴ漣һΣֲ֪ǷԾ¹£
̾жʵ츳ѡ
Ҳܣ⡮Ѫ䡯֮࣬ôܻ׾߹ңڵҲ֮УϹοԳѪ䡯Χأ
ȻҲȴǲھȳ롮Ѫ䡯Χ
̫СˡϷֹϷ֪Ŀ֮һ¾Բ׵ʹľСЩѪ䡯Ⱥʮǿ󣬵ǣҲԲװţϷģ
µ˵֮ʱγԼռƣǵŷʵԶԼ֮ϡ
˵ĶеϷȴΪǿļȲʵҲ츳ǻۡľͻ֣ᷢɼڷٵĽһɣ˰ʱֹɣʱСʮңɼܻڽ״̬УĿǰһٵġѪ䡯һ㣬ϷΪϻɳĮˣҲ޷˶ġѪ䡯
ԵĸпжչֳһжΪ⣬ûΣ֮£һܿɹ
ĸ̾ţ·һ۲գĶǰԶʵסˣң˽뿴ξ¹£صĹ£μЩǿġѪ䡯ս
ֹһҪֹ
ѪߵŭͬڡѪ䡯˷ܼһ㣬һҲĺ׷׺ηķ˵·ߡ
ڡѪ䡯ķ赲£޷ǰ֣Ѿﵽɽˮľ
֧£½֧ߣΪµĳԼķɱ
ϵɱϵѪ䡯ţǰǰ֮Ҳòˡ
ǧֻѪ䡯ΧγʮȦϵİΧȦΧȦ˷ĸͻΧԻѪ䡯赲
ʱҪչ˲ƣȴҲ޷ɵɣΪЩѪ䡯ӵʮǿ̽ʱѾϲ˷ֹ˲Ƶռ䶼ܵһҪ˲Ƴ⡮Ѫ䡯ȺɵİΧȦЩܡ


1217 
޷߽ݾʱҲֻܹƾԼʵǰͦ
ڡѪ䡯ķ£޺һǿѹмǰС
Ѫ
ĺȵɷں£ѾʹˡѪٿǿʵ
Ҳڽ߾ȫһ֮ʱĽΪֲ
ǰġѪ䡯ҪıԽ·һնɱһѪɫâǰٶȻһ㣬ȴչ黹һ·ǰ
ÿһ֮ʮֻѪ䡯ɱ˵࣬ǿģһһĳǰն
ĹֶΣЩѪ䡯ٵĴɵΣյģΪⱻɱġѪ䡯ǳп
ûڶʱ˶ġѪ䡯ֲֿɼܣҲδﵽ
ѪҲ֪еľ̾ˣΪÿһ˲䶼ʮҵġѪ䡯ɱǵԪ֮ǷԱסδ֪Ҳ
ȻҲܵˡѪ䡯ķ񹥻ЩѪ䡯һ㣬׷׳Ҳ÷ֳ󲿷־ԸġѪ䡯
֮ľǧɲȴΪڡѪ䡯ķأ㽫ס˰ʱ
˥֮ʱڳѪȺؼʱ̾¹¡
ʱѾɥʧսһ˺ۣ屻ǡѪ䡯ɵıˡ
ʱ̣ſһ㽫븹С
Ҳû뵽ķʽԼ֮ŷΧȫǡѪ䡯ѪɫâϷҫĹâ
Ѫɫâ޷µİȫûʲô⣬ΧġѪ䡯ҲܱǧġѪ䡯Ҫù١
úϢõңһɱΧġ
ԵȻ˵ʱ޾ΧѪ䡯Χ
˵Թµ츳Լһϣô츳Լָٶֵʱٻǹʱʮϡ
ʧȥһĿ꣬ǽǧġѪ䡯йԡѪ䡯ʵ츳ĶٶӰ첻̫󣬷ƾս׵ĳǿĵ࣬һԲϵΧе
ڶ࡮Ѫ䡯Χ£սȻ࣬ʮ㣬ȴ·֮С
ǧ֮ڹһߣȴҪȥáѪҲоͷۣȫû뵽ôá
ʱٵţǼѪɫâҲɡѪ䡯
Ҫĵȴнֻеȵ⼸ֻѪ䡯ʱĽ󣬲ŷѪɫâչ
һѪɫâˡѪ䡯ֻѪ䡯֮ʱѾʧȥԪ֮塣
ʧȥԪ֮ġѪ䡯ֻѪ䡯һֱѸٵʧȥϢѪɫâɢֻѪ䡯ԭغһ
ǵԪ֮󣬾㸴ҲΪ̣ͬһ;
аһϲʱҲǵѪɫâ
֮ô£
ɻѣԭΪֻӵǿɼܲſЩѪ䡯˭֪ȴַˡ
ǵڶѪɫâɡѪ䡯ͬù׹ξĴ
ڶѪɫâûɡѪ䡯ʱδ״̬ʵùо裬ʱ׼ɱֻѪ䡯
ֻѪ䡯ȴǴΧһУ֮նޱȣǴ͵ģù²ɰס˳ֵĶ
˭
ֻѪ䡯ʵȶţЩѪɫâȴҲ֪ʲôһ¡
ǡѪ䡯ѵǵ𣿡
̽Եѯʵ
Ѫʲôôδ˵ҲǡѪ䡯һߡ
ֻѪ䡯Ļشù²ĿɿڴлֻѪ䡯ʲôֽţӶľ״̬Ҳˡ
㣬Ҳ𣿹̫ˣҵҵͬࡣ
Ѫ䡯˵زסϲ֮飬ù̲סЦ
ʱֻѪע⵽˵һֻѪ䡯壬ŭġѪ䡯ҪʬΣ
빫µУֻѪ䡯ǵһֻѪ䡯븹УȻһͽùҲ֪Ѿھˡ
΢΢һЦһսһߵ⼸ֻѪ䡯ĸһѾ֤οԿɱѪ䡯ٶЩѪ䡯ǻҪԼá
ѪɫâɡѪ䡯ʱһıù¸ӱ
裬Ҫ裡
ֻѪ䡯һڱùˣǵڶֻѪ䡯Ҳ̾ĺӣǸӵķϣͲɱˡ


1218 
ְ֣Ұְ𣿡
ֻѪ䡯ɵеǵڶֻѪ䡯ҡҡͷ̾ĺӣѾˣ㳹׷ˣ࣬ǡѪ䡯ôͬأ
ǵѡ˳Ĭȴ͵Цѣû뵽£ЩѪ䡯Ѿˡ
ֻѪ䡯һֱԵʮ侲һ˫ùҲ
ֶһְ֣
ֻѪ䡯ϲĽеڶֻѪ䡯ٴУһ䱸顣
׳գ
ֻѪ䡯ӵ˵ʱŹ۲һΧ˵²μӹ£
ף㡭
Ѿ˵û뵽ֻѪ䡯Լ̬ⷬȣ֮顣
²ؾȣ˷ǰˣЩѪ䡯в֮ΪˣԼ
ֻѪ䡯ȻʼҧгݵʹЩѪ䡯УʼΪѪ䡯۸Լˡ
ܺãһо֮ڣǵֻѪ䡯ΪܹЩѪ䡯ΪˣôΧ㹻ġѪ䡯Ҳ˸İӳΧ
аϲֻһˣԶԶһ˵ĵλеĲʮ־޴
һλ൱Ѿɱ˶Էһλһӵ˾ĶԿ˵£һƵĵλﵽ㹻ǽöԷʮͷۡ
ѪɫâûġѪ䡯ֻѪ䡯һ޶ͨЩѪ䡯ļ䣬ЩһѾȫΪеսѸӡ
ڴ˵ش𱣻£ڲ֮󣬱ٻҪȥԸڶĵˡ
ĸͻȻǼֻѪ䡯ͬʱһͽµΧס
ˣżһὫƬطġЩѪ䡯Ϊ壡
Ԫֱ֮˵
һ
Ĵм˵ɱΧġ
ÿҾӦõģ
ʮֵȻѾ֪ζԸЩѪ䡯ˡ
ΧġѪ䡯²֪Ǹ츳ǻۣ£Ȼ츳Ѫ䡯ơ
н޵ģʱʵԲһ̫ġѪ䡯޷Ӵ
ȻơѪ䡯ĸ壬ԶɵΪֲһ˿
ǻҰɫʱҲоһ󵨲ľʵ̫ˣվڲԶȻܹоǿ
ԻĿȻ˼޹ԻҰɫ롮Ѫ䡯Ԫ֮壬ȻԼõļ䣬һѪ䡯֮ʱΪӵˡ
ЩѪ䡯ڸʵ˿û½һЩѪ䡯˳ޣһѾ븹еĶٶֻѪ䡯Ḵȫıԡ
ҪķһʱǶٶ࡮Ѫ䡯㱻ӼַסˣġѪ䡯Ȼ֪Щʲô
ڷһʱٴչ˷Ĺܵڶ࣬ľʵ֮£һ˲ɱԼĪֻϵġѪ䡯ڵΪҲͬɡ
һʱȥ󣬡ѪҲЩøġѪ䡯ʱƺȫʧȥϢȻƺûܵɵӰ졣
ЩȥԽѪ䡯һҲء֪ǧѪ䡯ɲԽķѴǾͿɵԪ֮塣
ѪԥһȻֻܹǶǧ࡮Ѫ䡯ͼ
ЩΥ飬ͻȻ˼٣һ츳ʵһչ֣˴һ
ǰճ㣬ֵܹ֧ʱԲᳬ죬ȻʵϣڽһսȻûʾκϵơ
ڡѪ䡯ʵ£ڡѪ䡯ȫԸȴȻǲϵıɱ壬ȻѪɫâ֮С
ʱǧѪ䡯ȻֻʣʮֻǧŰֻѪ䡯Ѿ˸Уȹ鳬˵Ԥϡ
ʮֻѪ䡯Ѿʧȥսеķɽ֮ʱʮֻѪ䡯ͬʱɱһɱѪɫâҲ޷áѪ䡯ӹѡ
һڽʮֻѪ䡯븹У΢΢һЦڵĵĲʮأֱڣҲ֮һѣ롮սסĳǿ츳ĪĹϵ
ǡѪǳɵˣʱȴûܹȵϵһ̡
ǧѪ䡯һʱڣȻȫ븹УЩѪ䡯ǷĸиҲΪһš


1219 
˶ġѪ䡯ɺжϻɳĮ˵ø֮⣬ͲҪηϻɳĮڵκߡ
ǧѪ䡯ʧӰ٣ȴȻԭأǰȻ鿴˿ƣǾȣƺûʹȫ
Ѫڲӿ״̬Уܹ뵽ĿɡѪ䡯ǧѪ䡯һܺõ֤
ӡѪ䡯ġѪʱʹʧǧѪ䡯áѪֱᣬ
еڶѡĿܣѪԲȥʧʵ̫̫󣬴Ѫ䡯Ⱥͳܲ
˱ǧѪ䡯Ĳ죬޷
ѪŭȵȴԥǼۻɱӦ̸֮УԴ١Ѫ䡯Ⱥʧ
Ҳû뵽Լߵһһʼ˶ġѪ䡯ʱҲΪԼᱻЩѪ䡯
һʱһʱҲ
ѾӵǧѪ䡯ʵ̫ǿȴҲڹؼʱһá
ЩѪ䡯㸺ΣԱ֣ɱ䣡в٣б¾ЩС٣ǡѪ䡯һ廹ܹʣ¶١
Ц˵еķɽڿ΢΢ţиǻ۵Ĺâ
㵽νѪ䡯ɵģ츳ףҲһǧѪ䡯ܷ
Ѫ˵к֪ɡѪ䡯ܡ
ϧѪĵл̫ǳˣὫԼľ֪
ȽΪ޿ܣʵȻ䲻ΪܣǻۡǡѪ䡯ͷԣȻǹªţѵΪǿɣپ޷ЩС𣿡
һһٵ˵ʵûָǡѪȴ˻ûʧ֮С
Ѫתţ֪˿̵ԥԴϢ֮Ѫ䡯ΧǰװѪ䡯
Եڴ˵ȿǣѪȻ޷һӦô
һֻꡮѪ䡯ʹƴ󷨽˵ء˵˫սɣ㣡Ǳ˱ǧѾԽԽñɷŹ𣿡
ѪȵеɱǣΪѾǧѪ䡯Ĵۣûڴʱֹͣ
ǿʶֻСǱ٣֪㵱پôǲɣΪƾѪ䡯٣δ̫ˣǧѪ䡯ʵȫʵǲţȾԡ
˵ٱƽʱԼĪҪһֹȴǹΪ֮ĿıΪץʱָĵ
ѪȻɵʵԲһһ۵ڲ֪г˰ʱ
˫ȴǺ޽Ҳ֮УΪԷмɵҲĹУҲѾָϡ
һսʱ㽫ָϣǿ츳֡
ȵѪʶһʱѾﵽĶʢʱڣ΢ЦƵǧѪ䡯ʵǲģ磬һΧ٣𣿡
Ѫ䡯֮ڣϻɳĮҲֻⷬˣǶϻɳĮҲ
ѪѾٴαŭתһ룬ȻѾԷôɱԷһвѪȺİΣ
ãȻҪǱͳȫ㣡֪Ѫǲսʤģ
ѪںѾ·ȥǽɫŴ۵Ĺʡ
Ѫ䡯Ⱥֻһߣ߱ǡѪ䡯ǿĴ壬ʵԶһġѪ䡯
Ѫ仯һ͵ĴСɢҲɰԾ衣
ѪȻһ߲ͬ㲻߱κȴܹ˲ﵽһֲʵ
һʵԲڹ֮£ѹֿԳΪѪ䡯ߣҵսȻбȽϸߵʤʡ
ĸŶԷɢƣʱݶԷжʵҲֻжһš
ΪˡѪ䡯òѵѡʿǣΪɣñΪɱˡ
Ѫһ춯صΧֻѪ侹Ȼ˲ʧ
ɴ󷨣
ѪӴ£ЩѪ䡯һɫΧġѪ䡯ΧһѪ䡯γ˶ЩѪ䡯Ч
һȻɡѪ䡯ǿʵӲԸ
зɽ΢΢һ׼ýǡɷ


1220 

¡ѪͼûΪʵǿ˿ӳ
һǧѪ䡯Ԫ֮壬⡮ѪֹͣɣʵҲֱЧ
ڣѪԳֻɱһѾ嵽ǰԶ
Ѫֱչ˲ƣٶȿ쵽£Ҳûܹ̽Ѫ˲ƹ켣
ಣ
̽鵽ѪټʱѪѾǱɷΧ֮ڡ
£һеķɽҲ˲նǡѪ
ߣҪ
ѪĺȵڿγһԾģʽǿеĲγһɹɾ޴
ЩֱҲҵֵһݺնǡѪ塣
䡯һ
ɽڡѪ֮ʱʮּӲʯһ㣬Ȼ͵Ľ֮Զ
ѪѡӲһʵҲ̽ʵʵ
֪֪ˣս
˫ͬʱһν֣ڡѪ䡯֪˵Ŀֲ֮
һ֮䣬˫ʵһ֡
һιǧֻѪ䡯ġѪռЩϷ磬ɡ
ڱǡѪ֮ȴ¶Ц⣬ΪһƶԸ㲻ʲô
ֻҪԷûγɾƣбսʤԷļǿ֮
Щ΢ƣһʵǹǿģҪսʤһҲס
ѪιҲƲѣѡǧġѪ䡯ڶӵʮޣֻռЩ΢ơ
ܹȫڡѪ䡯ȫѪ޾ֻѪ䡯һҲ
ʵ˱ԤϣȻǱĶ֣У
Ѫ˵ͬʱѾΪ㳯ͻϮȥ
ܣȴֶԷٶʵ̫죬ѡٶȳ
˫ʱϵԶȻѪ߱ٶȴ֮Ტ۵ġ
һٵĽɫ֮䣬Ѫǡֵڽ֮ӹ
ٶȿȣ
аսסķǿ״̬׼ӭӶԷǿй
ʱѪѾ޽ӽ壬ǷѾķ
âֻǽսɢŽ˸Ĺâ
ѪʵԶͨġѪ䡯Ա⣬Ľһһ㡣
Ѫ䡯óߵķӶצ˺ҧߵ壬޼᲻ݡ
սסǷǿʵ£㹻ʵǿĸֹѪҲ򵥣һ֮ɱ뷨
һнԷһ˲䣬âײһȴǴ˺ѵĴ͸
Ѫһǿ֣˲ǰĽսס
սסڴʱʧȥǿķӲǱѪĶǰצնָϸ˿ڡ
ΪʶϡսסǿԣѪĿĲǻ𡮽սס̵ʱͻǡսסķ
ѪĶצͻϮǡôĴǶ˿֮ͻ
սס˲ͻƺʣµȻαƤѪΪǳ˲֮ݺݵĴ֮С
ͻľʹ鲻ԽƺһֵĽɫɽѾգزƽеն¡
˽ľ룬еĶɽѪͬ˼ɣ͵һҧº˫צͬʱӭϻǿצǡֵӭķɽ
ôľ룬ɽԶǽɫô򵥣ʹµķ񹥻ЮƷɽ֮Ȼռơ
Ѫ⡮Ѫ䡯ߣսεȷḻε·ˡ
һ֮£ǶצҲֵֻ˲䣬㱻ĽɢˣֻĽҲ˴룬ֳ̬

Էٶȴ˸ֲƿܸģٴηһšѪ˵·նȥ
ѪĹһȫµ˽⣬ԼٶռƣҲռƵ£ҪռñˣҲ¡
һιڡѪ䡯ûֻܹ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǡѪѾ˻ǧɾ롣
ԭ츳ʵҲˣ֪ǡѪ䡯غ
ѪЦ۾עԽأСʵ

ڡѪ䡯ĿЦΪáѪƸΪԵ
һ֮Ѫ䡯˵ͨߣֻѾŵĵ飬ɲͨߣʱҲ׶ԷͨԼԼľ


1221 
Ŀĵ˿ڳؿڣڣؿڵƤƬҲԷһڿɣ۱ʹƽ˷ɱ⡣
ǰֻӳȥھʹбŷ޵ɱ⣬ԷһҪնɱ⡮Ѫ޷йԼͷ֮⡣
צӿɵƿսסķҲɵĴ̴ҵƤƬٶԶʤңҪսʤҲñ仯屾塣
Żľȴֲʧзս״̬С
ؿڵۿɼٶѸٻָţǡѪҧ˵ƤҲѸٵԶϡ
ĺȻƵĻָȻ롮ǳ֮ᡯ޹ϵȫƾαԶָܣȻвϲ
ڷָƣԶԶȲԶָǰǷƣȫ츳ƣأԲж
ؿڵƻָ󣬽ս˲ϣáѪȫĴסˣ㶵Щ˵û뵽սͨϣҲϡ
Ѫ䡯츳ǿȴҲϻɳĮһ뿪ϻɳĮǲԱ㲻ڣңѪ䡯岻ɱǰҪѸٵȬƣ⼸ǲܵ顣
һ̬츳󣬡ѪѾΪƽһǿС
ڶǿеأѪҲ˾η֮ɫ˵츳ףȻ뱾һսʸ񣡺ðɣӵ̬츳ǿս׷ҲԲùɣ뱾һսɣ
ѪеսѾǵһ״̬泯գţƼ
ǿߣǿǿ
Ѫĳǿ츳̼£͵Ŀʼսȵ֮ͬ
γǿǿأǰǡѪ䡯ȺսսرֻʵǿġѪʱеսﵽĳ塣
ǿ־ǿЦһ㣬˽֪
ðɣȻߵսۣǱپͷ㵽ףһս֮佫һߡ
˵ֳֽУϵĽɫսڷ΢΢˵ھֹ״̬²ϵ
ԭصĹͨﵽһľ磬ʱƺµͻơ
һ֣أ
ͻγһ𲻿ԽΡɽΧĻںһ塣
۷أ֮޷Խ۽ʱп˺һжֵ赲ҪôҪôõ˸Ĵۡ
ڡѪ䡯Ѿ־£ͻȻʧȥ֮һս
ƳӺġѪ䡯ѾзԵıһ˲䣬ûκһֻѪ䡯ΪսʤѪҲ˲ͷ
߽磬γͬΣоϻɳĮҲܵƵӰ졣
ȻǣֳߵİȻѾӰ쵽ľԵľֻ±ܵصӰ졣
̷֣ܺߵȫִ״̬Ҳ¶ս֮⡣
ûôֻ֪࣬ղŵʹ̼Ѫ̼Ѿ˱ɱԣԲŻľϵǿϵϸޱȣ˫ԶѪ롣
֮ӣѪľ˲ʧȵعʱŰѾʱľ硣

ѪŭһԴӰľȴûκôԷȻа̩Ȼ
ȻɵĹǰѪεѡ
ಣ
ѪȻѡ˲ƣΪٶ£˲ƹ̺ѱ̽鵽
ʱȻֱӱ˫ƾʶ̽顮Ѫ˲ƹ켣
۾δעİ仯ʱʶͻȻԲκ΢Сı仯޷̽顣
αΪƣһֱ׷ѰģٶȲԷ£ܹǰ̽鵽Է˲ƹ켣ǽԼǰжϣ㲻γǰֲǱΡ
˫ΧصĸӦҲ֮ǿʱҲı۾Ҫʵ
ʶ̽˫ۣڹؼʱȥ絥ʶ̽ԷһС
ѹЩϹ˸һ㣬ԭ޷˫۹۲ʱ˼оԻñ˸ǿЧ
Ѹٵ˼ţƾʶΧɵķΧЩκ΢С仯Ҳ̽顣
Ѫ׼ֱ˲ƹȴڹ״̬ʩչѹķ
Բ֮ڲδ֡ѪΣͬʱǰĻȻɵĶ̩Ȼƾͻ綴ϤΧһУáѪҲɱ̽鵽˲ƹ켣


1222 
ѪΧ˲һڳ˲ƶȥڰ⾭һ˲䣬Ѿĸܵ˿е
ಣ
еķɽͻȻ䳯ǰһ⽣ٶȼﵽܷļ״̬
ڽİ£ʱĽвѪѪʱѾͬʱצ赲Ľ
˫Ľǿ磬ֻǿâײһȻǡѪѾʮ֮ĿС
һΣͬʮҵľ룬˵һмڰĳ̶ȡ
Ѫд󾪣˵ԼռЩƣڱѾռκαˣ˲͵ϮҲ޷شԷζսѡ
ں˺󣬽ûǸԴŶԷϵıĶԱȡ
Ȼ΢΢صЦ⣬ѧ˱۾ʶ֮̽ٶռݲʱһпԻơ
Ҳ
۾΢Ц˵еһļᶨ
ʤδ֣⣡а취㣡ƣ
ѪЦǳ𾪵ģΪһʱ䣬ԷȻܹԼಮٵʵңԼʧٶȵ˫ƣáѪܹȡ
δҪ㹥ѵ㣿
˵֮ʱѾѪչһԷɽѪ
ǵֵ֮ƴʵ
Ѫ΢һԥǷ񣬶ǰצ͵ķצӭĽ
˴ʱսǰȺսѾͬնʱսֵʵԴڶϻɳĮٮٮߡ
ӴĽӵ˺ص˵ÿһιͬײһֲӴøֻѪ䡯׹ڵأǣΧġѪ䡯׷߶ȣԶΣյ
˽սƴļǿսУǡѪĲԽԽС
ڡѪ޷ʱǸϢٲҪķԷơ
𣡡
Ѫ·ΪҰһ㣬ÿһУǿţԵ
ڽ£ǿ롮Ѫһս֮ԷƣҲһХ
ХǡѪŭһ㣬ͬĿƣļγХǡѪսѾֲ١
ʱ󣬡Ѫ¶Ц⣬ɵǧֻѪ䡯ǡôĲսʧʵǲ֮УԽشЩ΢֮С
츳ʱҲԴﵽ۵ʶ̽ЧһδνǷܽȫԷƴʵΪžԵĺô
һֱ˳֮սϡܵķ澳ս
ʱҲµˡѪڳ־ս֮еʵǧֻѪ䡯Ҳ൱ޣԣ츳ԷȥֵʤԼġ
һڡѪ䡯ϣڡѪϣΪ˸ҵһսǡѪӮˣѪ䡯ˣǡѪսܣѪ䡯˥ȥصıǱ塣
ͣ
ڡѪ䡯ͬʱΪѪľɳĮԷΪľֻˡ
ѪɣΪ飬ҲԲκӣ
аţʱȻ֮УǶʤĿȻǿ˹
һʱȥѪˣŷһµ⣬ǾǶԷľȻԶԶԼҪĶࡣ
ǧֻѪ䡯Ϻ󣬡ѪҲսѸٵţǡѪʱƵԭΪʵǱԷɱ壬ȵʱʵԻڵĻ½
ಣ
Ѫ֪սȥ˫ͬʱģԼûκκôġ
˲ƺ󣬡ѪڴӶ˵ս˳ʱû׷ɱѡԭء
˫սʱѾռƣǡѪΣû뵽սٶȾȻô
ѵΪѪ䡯ߣһҲö𣿡
Է̵ȴǸԷʱսΪÿʱ䣬Լָ״̬
ڵָٶȱȶԷ죬ǾͲںԷսԽһԷʿ
ڡѪ䡯ΪеġѪٴɴġѪ䡯ǿʵ
Ѫȷʵڴʱһûʲô̫ЧԼһʿ͡
ֻ츳ȱҪãˡѪ䡯ȺϣԣӵѪ䡯Ա֮սףֻһԸ뷨ѣ


1223 
ѪԲѵ˵жսʤҲûʲôֻⷬԲ˵
ʱɽϿ˾޴ı仯һɳȻĴɽȶ˺췣ֲڡѪ䡯񷡣
ɫ£ɽΧĸɽҲʼҵĻζʱѪѾ֪ɱˡ
¡ٴδʱѪд󾪣͵ʩչɽϿյĽƴ򿪣ǻƴҲһ˲Ρ
̾һû뵽ڴʱϵǺԼȥȥʱʱȴæ
ѪȥƣȱԷƳҪúܶ࣬ٿԱƵǿЧ
ѾɽϿգžˣ˺棬ߴ
ȥ
ѪڿϻɳĮһ˲䣬мѾʱ֣ԼذɣѪ䡯ҲΣڵϦӣ
٣ǵصĴ¹ȫסˣڡѪ䡯п־塣
Ѫ䡯ϻɳĮһȱƣûκƣͬʱڳ£Ѫ޷ͬʱܶˡ
֪
콵·ɽȴȵ
ҡҡͷҪѪ̨£Ҳһ֪㲻ΪѡѪ
ˣ֪ˣ
Ѫԥ˲֮Էݵķʽ˵
ҪɱѪȻ
пЦʱҲֻܹܵĻָǷڴʱһսǵδ֪֮¡
ֵܣǺο࣡ôϷδΪ㣬ȴһӶϷһѪ䡯ȥԸôģȻԶ֣̫Ϸʧˡ
̾Ϣ˵Ҳͬʱ̾һ
ڰɣǶ˹ϵܣҵɣȻƺΪֵܣҲ̫ˡ
ĬţȴǷǳĲˬ˿²Ϊ˾ԼΪ˾Ƿɣ
˿ˡ£²δΥ˵һѪ䡯Ը빫¡
Ѫ˵ʱצָͼԣǾϣ
˵һѪ䡯Ըʱǧ֮ûμսΪͻ
Ѫд̣ϣ˵ìܣԼһ
ʲôͻȻ
ãȻ״ȴǶһ֪
ӵǿɼܣѪ䡯Ҳ޷ӱɣڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣѾǧѪ䡯ζǧѪ䡯²Գ֣Ϊ˼١Ѫ䡯һ졣
ѪЦʱö˳ìܣһ˱㲻Լ鷳ˡ
˵ȷʵûΥϷһˣӢۺܵϷҲ
һһ˵кЦϵЦмֹ졣
ޣʵҵ
ѪĶֻǰצ΢΢צ˵ЩΪδʱͻȻʵڳԼ֮⡣
ߣֻ˵Ϸ֮ǸûϷһΣΥϷϷչ֮ڶϻɳĮаԵϷƽϣΪϷûл
ղϼһӶ˻˵ɣϷԩ㣬㾡磡ΪϷǸǳˣ
һתѾáѪû뵽ȻԼղ˵Ļ⻰δĶеأ
һʱ嶯ԭ£
ѪѾ¶˾⣬ҪΪ˵Ĵڣ򣬴ʱһͻ
ϷºܹƽˣϷʹͣˣҲϷĳͷ˶һΰɣ³ֻһ;
ǵǻ۵Ĺâһ仰Ҳ̧ͷȥԭҲôúƵġ
˶ϣ˾Ȼ˶ϣ˵Ŀ湻ݵģ뵱ϻɳĮ˵λã¶νĹ洫浽ףͳϻɳĮû뵽˽ȴҪ¿ķڷ
ѪԲ˵ǲ֮ʮ֮ԡ
󵨷ԣִԲ֪ڸģ˲ɱ֮
ѾȵŨŨɱ⡣
ͷʱ࿪˵̫ˣ˱Ͼˣȴ˹̣ܽ͵ǩԼһУΪ˲֪˲ɱ㣬ѾǶɽȴڷˣ·ϣϷԵΪɱ㡣


1224 
ߣǶϼһ߹ʲôʸ뱾˵ֻΪϼһǶֶǱĶ֡ǲͱһսԿɱǶˡ
Ѫ˵г˱֮⣬þҪһս
λ԰꣡
Ȼһ֣ѡ˳Ĭ֮ȴɱ⣬޲̽ʬΡ
ԸԸ˶ϣϷһ㡣
ԵȻ֮ʵǵЦŨ
ޣ϶֪ðģȻ˶ϻɳĮˡͲˣб뱾һսˣƾ㴦ãǱӮˣϻɳĮ뱾𣿡
ѪıƢڴʱͬɽ鱬һ㣬ȻѾսҰġ
ȻϷϣչ黹ǻᷴϷģ
ŭЦʱڡѪ䡯ҪˣΪ̫ˣʱսеʤֻжأ
˼û뵽СҲϻɳĮˡƱ٣һΣҲƲˡ
ѾָĲˣʱáΧò˶ãڵﵽ״̬
ҲˣϷҪ㣬ȻӲţԡ
ϵЦЩ⣬ΪѾΣǷǳɹģܹƵߣкгɾ͸С
ֻǵȻһЦԷȷʵԼòŮ۱Լ׬ˡ
һҪأ֮һжΪ磬뱾һֶԿɱӵΪϻɳĮµˣ㿴Σ
ѪΪ˵ʱѾʼĿŵڴҪΪϻɳĮˣǽǲܵ顣
ǺǣΪʲôСأұұͲˡ
δشȴǽһԼԸ⻹أ
ͬΪһԪڵӣʦʦܣĶŮΪԼŮˣЩϵĹϵֱϼףһԸֻǱ²ŻῼǣǱֻÿЦ֮ѡ
ȴδ֪Ϊ˵ĵ˱Լѣû뵽Ȼһ̬ȣֱǳ֮⡣
˵ĵ˱ѣҪأҲҪñءˣ㶼ĵˣҪˣ뱾ԿǿһҲûУ뱾ǣԱ˶ġѪ䡯ǶϻɳĮˣҲܹ뱾Σ
ȲģȰдûй˿ֵĳ嶯С

ԲЦҲͬʱ쳤Ц˵ĬЦ÷пһ֪ΪΣǾЩΡ
ðɣʵ˵ˡһΣҪɱ㣬ҲҪɱ㣬ˣǿѣǸͬĵˡ
΢Ц˵÷סˣôҲ벻ԼôΪǹͬĵˡ
ǱҪɱ㣬Ųòӡ㣬ȻԸɱ㣬ҪɵˣǾʶˡʵǿɱ˱Ҫɱ㣬Ȼ練ơҪеĺˡ
żıԼеǿҪˡ
û˵ˣϷûɱֻǽ֮ʵȻ֮ɱ㡣
ҲЦ˵һԵľҲЦԿ˵ŷ
ôôأǡˣ
˵ʱЩĿ˿ΧѪ䡯ǶԸˣаʤ㡣
˶ϣ򣬾Ϸ㣬Ҳ㡣
ˬЦ֪ǱԼˣ˶һΣɱˡ
˶ϣʱ˶ϣ޷ǽԼʵʵڲ֮١
ףǵʲôϵҲҪװס
ץĴ
ϷʦֶҲϷŮ
һֹŹֵı˵ʵ顣
ǱٵʦҲǱٵˣ
Ҳ˵ԽĬڡѪ䡯˷Ŀ־֮С
״ԭأͬһʯһһҲû뵽˾ȹϵ⻹Լôȥ
ưԺӹŹһУԼڽ£ԼƴȫҲ޷ȡʤ
ҪңҪңҪң
ĺңʱѾ˶ϵ뷨
ϧΪѪʱҲˣǱԷɡ


1225 
㶰죬ǲ˶ϺԪ֮壬ʱ͵ĺڷΪ鲻ΪȫƴˣҲҪսУ
ϾǡѪ䡯ߣͷһ仰úսеġѪ䡯ͬʱˣһеս⸴ֱȼ
ҲҪսУ
ڡѪ䡯ţɽвϵĻص
ΪսΪսս޺ǡѪ䡯սɣսɣҵȴһеĵˡ
ѪĿںŸΪҲһж
ΪսΪս˵ĺãΪսΪսɣһ֮ȫġѪ䡯ȫΪսΪս
ڡѪ䡯е׳־飬ͬĺˡΪսΪսĿںš
˫ͬ⾳緽棬ʤ̫࣬ݺŵĻиж˿Э
ÿСӣڷҵȵʹնɱɱɱɱ
ѪһѾ˲ƶʣµѪ䡯Ҳķˡ
ΪսΪս
ŭеķɽҲɫĽѪ䡯Ⱥɱȥ
һĻҲΪ֮ݣʱҲս⣬ȴǿаסеս⣬Ϊóȫһ֮սġѪ䡯
һսҲƲסеɱ⣬еķɽѾǷɽɱ¾
һηġѪ䡯ѪɫնɱգЩѪɫâ߲ܵ˸УĹԽ񣬲Ѱһͼѵʱ̻ɱ
ɱɼͬеģڡѪ䡯ηŬ£͵Ϯ֣ÿһζʹĸо
ۣ֮֮
ˣҲıɱԭڣڡѪ䡯Χ£ٶȱǰ̫ࡣ
Ϧľ޴ͬʱĵɽ𵤷ɣڲϵ£ɷٵĳɳţΪˣʮֻѪ䡯Ԫ֮塣
ս֮УɵԪ֮ҲһʣҲ׵һա
ɰٴ˴
ʱͬһڵҲʱ̷ű仯ҰɫҲڲϵԽǿ󣬶ڵɵҲڳַơ
ڻӵ£ڡٶȴﵽļ״̬ΧϵСѪ䡯ɱǿеսҲƺ޾һ㣬ṩһǳõʱ
սõķʽ֮һһֱսʵһҲ⣬ĹУȻûѡʹľС
Ϊһ仯α壬ЩѪ䡯ֺξ֮С
ֻȻ͵ںΪΪһѽǵ
ʵѾӷĻЩߣԼ£Ҫսʤ¡
ӵǿǿԸеĿԶֹڡѪԣΪľУʱȻԸǰ¶
һʱ֮Ѿ˹ǧġѪ䡯ЩѪ䡯ȻǱǿм˼䣬Ȼڸڡ
Ѫϧķ񹥻ڡѪ䡯ȺΧ£յǿҪһ㡣
ಣ
Ѫһյ˲ƣ޷Ӧ
ΧǡѪ䡯Ҳ޷׼ȷ̽顮Ѫ˲ƹ켣ΪˣֹһεĳԿܻѪ˲͵Ϯ
ʱ̣ѪٶȸȡüƣΪľġѪ䡯ռ̫࣬޷һʱ乥Ѫ
ɣ
ѪͬȰĳβͻʩһֻβ̣ǡѪֲ޼᲻ݣһ˲ͻս
Ƥ֮ϵҲ޷赲ǡѪ롯Ĺ־ҵʹȫë׽ڲ
Ѫβ˶ʮĺɫҺڹ֮ںȴûдﵽԤڵЧ
Ѿ죬ƤƬԭٶֵ״̬ɫҺǡɱеĽɫѪҺʱˡ
ʹ۵ĵָоɾܣ
ɱ
ĺ죬һѪķɽ֮£Ѫһצ㱻ֱնϡ
ѪǳεĺˣʱڣѾιôҲֻǸʹĸоȴʼ޷Ĵˡ
ڿвϵĲţû뵽ƬᱻѪĹ͸ʹֱĥһ˵־


1226 
ɱɱɱ
ͨŭʹԶָĳǿ츳ȻȫҲʣ˿ڡ
սڡѪķ񹥻£ʱ޸ġѪ䡯ҲлɳˣԸԵĹ˿µ˺ۡ
ڡѪʱʱ͵Ϯ£ĵԶԶͬʱյˣų־սĽУҲԽ޷ռƣڱڡѪ䡯ΧĲ״֮С
Сӣǿ־ֻ£Ϸô࡮Ѫ䡯ҲоΣҲ᳷룬Сȴ˿˰벽
ϵˣҲɳ޵
ǱȲˣʮ
п𵱳һսʱΣԼãҲս
ûսȴ֪Ѫ䡯Ŀ֮ʱҲеĿǿ̾ΪսΪսս̫ǿˡ
ΪսΪս
ԡѪдţҲġѪ䡯еս˿ûκμԽԽǿ
ںʱѪкһֲĸоԷΪսΪսֹۺȣԼ˵ġΪսΪսɴű
˫ĻսǾȫսģѪһռȫƣڡѪ䡯ԴԴĳչȫ֮ضǶԵһѪ䡯ʵʩɱЧǣһȺΪΪսΪսġѪ䡯ڵҲԶԶ֮⡣
ǡѪϵʵʩ͵Ϯٶƣÿζ͵Ϯɹ޷ɱȴҲܵһױȵʹ
澳֮£δ˰벽һֱϵĳǰɱÿһζնɱѪ䡯ڵüһ̲ͣĽš
һУҲֻй֪ΪΧϵѪɫâϵСѪ䡯Ȼȫ
ڵġѪ䡯ʱĸѾγһֿռƣϿȥֻͨ˴СʵǬ㹻ġѪ䡯
ڿƵһѪ䡯һͷųչôľ潫̸ı䡣
һѪ䡯޷ʤԷǶ࡮Ѫ䡯Ǿһսֻ֮ҪרĶԸѪ
ȴȻڴʱչ¶ܣóûԼĵɷһɷɹôھɷĲֽСڷ֮ǰ⡣
ӻƻʱʼѾ֮УһʱһֱʱЩѪ䡯ռƣҪ״ȴǺ
־ǿڴʱһʮչʾ确ѪٶȲѪһ˶˵ΧǣҪɱⳡϵƸ˵⡣
ϵսϵˣϵ޸壬սףǳ֮޸£̡ķȻܸѪ䡯ıԪ֮ļ䣬һжԣֻһƽĿѡ
㲻뱾³ֻҪ첻ֻ֣·һҲҪɱ㣡
ѪŭţȴȻƣΪռƣȴʼҲЧķɱԼһġѪ䡯ԽԽ١
һ죬ѪĴܶԷֻϧľԶʵ̫ˡ
֪֮ǰǡѪ䡯ȫһΣΪѪ䡯Ż
һ뵽Ѫ㲻ϵķҪ֮ǰնɱ
ɱ
ѪŭȫµĿںţʣµġѪ䡯ҲƵĺš
ԡѪ䡯ԣһս壬㿴δȴȻҪսֻзսܹҵڸУҵ塣
һǿݣ
һսѪ䡯ʧ޴󣬲ϵСѪ䡯ɱ壬ЩѪɫâҲʧ
սڴʱ⣡
˽ԽԽǱ𺳣侳սвս⣬ԽȤ
ϷǱһϷԻΪŵӣĵӣһԵЩ츳һǧ
һЩģһ뵽Եźùһ㣬ݹϵɲӿԼȵġ
Ѿ૵˵Ŀɿڴ⣬Ѿ֪ʲôݴʱ
ʱȥѪ䡯ѾһǧֻлһЩСġѪ䡯弯ֵȻ޷ɱ
һĽɫѪҺҲסеս⣬ľʹо־ǿĿ顣


1227 
ֻʹѣֲˣ֣ȥһЦЩѪ䡯ΪԶˣ
Ҽ֮Լɢ΢Ĺâ
һȴӲ۾ΪǽɫѪҺ֣ʱΪ棬ƾʲôΪʤ
һ˵־ǳǿʱ𾪣ӵǿ־û֧ţôǿ־յγЧһߡ
澳֮£νǿ֧ţǡѪݴͣ͵ϮƵʣȻΪ˱ʵ
ƺڡѪ䡯гΪڻңѪѾ׼ȫġѪ䡯ֻҪܹ
˵Ҫ⿴ܼ򵥣ֻԵȴǼҲɸӡ
Ѫ䡯ʣһ򲻵ʱڵҲΪأΪ£־ǿȴҲ޷ڶԿڡѪ䡯սм֡
ѪŴζ͵Ϯڴʱ˾޴ãáսסֱ֮ƣڲʱսסҲΪ̣Ҳû뵽ġ
սסʦķһ·ߵ񣬷ҲͬնڡѪ䡯ķ񹥻£սסĻָЧѾ⡣
ǶԷȥ⡮սסҲٵڵĵز
ڡѪ䡯ĿɡսסڡѪ䡯ڶ£ЩɵġսסƬҲ޷ʱȡأáսסٳ̶Խء
͵ķвϧ֮ڱڡѪ䡯ɡսסʱȱԷΪʹ
ಣ
ѡ񽫡սסջڣǡսסȱ֮һƬǲջأսסҲΪһѺ޷ķϾɽ
ʧȥսסıЩͨġѪ䡯ҲԽΣյľء
ԼģһЩѪ䡯ɹ࣬Ҳ֪ʲôغ
ʱ̣ȻʹɵġѪ䡯ѾڡѪ䡯ѹ棬ǡѪѡġѪ䡯ȻһԻʱʱһ͵Ϯ
ʧȥսױȫ½ǡѪ䡯Ĺ㣬֮Ҳҵ
ΪǣڴʱҲʧȥ˼ζĹһҲԽԽѣܿ죬ΧͣˡѪ䡯
Ѫ䡯Ҳӵбʱ׷С۷СȻǵصġѪ䡯˷ӿзɽϵնɱѪ䡯ȴڡѪ䡯̫࣬ǡѪǣЧЩ޷˼ϵġѪ䡯
ЩѪ䡯ҵĽԷĿ壬еʹβҪѪҺ
ϱˡѪ䡯ͬһֻ⬣еķɽնɱѪ䡯ȴҲһʱ֮

ѪĴЦţʱѾΪռ˾ƣģ
ھҪʱ˫ۺ˲ΪѪ֮ɫ
һֱע۾ҲΪ֮һԭȻصļܣвɾԼĻҪ֡
𣡡
˲䱬ǣϵġѪ䡯˲䱻һȻɳȥ
񻯣ôܣ
Ѫ󾪵ۿҪȡʤˣȴ˱仯áѪƲѡ
ʱˡ񻯡Ч֮Уһ޷ڡ񻯡ĻϱѵģȴͬȻѵͷԡ
ڡ񻯡״̬£սǿҲ˲ǿ˲٣Ѿﵽµİ˳
͸֧սһսҲһʧȥ󲿷ֵս
зִ磬ڴʱȴòһսˣֻҪ֧ȥһЩѪ䡯Ⱥȫɣʱ򣬡ѪҲʹȥ
ڻָڴ󲿷ڵڡѪ֮ϣ޴һζҡˡѪ䡯Ⱥս⡣
սɣ
ŭţϵѪɫâԽޣеĽٴڡѪ䡯Ѫɡ
·磬ȴôܣϷҲ㲻ˣӿҪǿˡ꣬ӿϷ͵ߡ
΢Ц˵Ȼ֪ʲôܣȴµЦ
޷㣬ȴЩѪ䡯δʱʱһԣ˵
ô
ɻɵЩѪ䡯Ϊλδ
롮Ѫ䡯һսԤе飬˫սȴδ֪Ҳʱ𾪵ԭڡ
ǡѪ֪һ٣ԣɱҲ˳Ӧ֮ɱ


1228 
ʱڷţѪ䡯ҲѸٵļ٣ΧġѪ䡯һǧ֮ʱٴαһա
ڵĵɷѾҲڴ飬ǵɷؼʱɹڵҲӭж⡣
ȥɣ
ѪıѾãڸ֪ʱ͵ͻϮβ̺ݺݵĲؿ֮С
ӽӭУȴĹһȻûκõЧ
ѪЦţֻԶǰצ㽫ķɽʧȥ֧ŵķɽʵǳ֮򵥡
ġѪ䡯͵ϣһʱ䣬ֳѣЩսġѪ䡯˷ƵĿɡ
ĴʱķǷǳǿģһֱ֧ŵڵԭڡ
ѪҲи֮̾ǿһûȥĲӣǰצֱӳĲӴնȥ
һ屻ɱӵиԭʵҲ˶½
һ
һ֮£ĳǿáѪֱ
ǰצѾ͸Ƥ磬ȴǲûнͷ­ն¡
ķ
ѪֻöǰצҲһʹȴľʹ˷ҧأ˫צǰ롣

ʹгҲ𾪡ѪĹȻԴ͸ԼƤһƬȥҲᱻԷɱ塣
ʣµЩѪ䡯ΧţһֻʲôһˣҲ֮
ڵѾһգЩѪ䡯Ĺ£ѾʧȥԿصһȺѪ䡯档
ؼʱ̣Ҳ룬͵ŭһͻȻӿһɿֲĽɫ硣
б츳ѹˣ
׵
ڡѪ䡯ͬʱҺмʮֻ򱻵˽̿ѪҲڳʹԶ塣
缼ܣĲ漼ȴҲһ߿Կġ
ɫȫЩѪ䡯ͬɵһ㣬Զ
Ѿ׹ɫأȻ绷ƣһڡѪ䡯۵СۣȴЩããȻ֪롣
ѪŸղʹָоֱʱҲû뵽ӵ˿ֲ缼ܡ
ˣЩѪ䡯Ϊȱηκ֣Ǵʱ缼ܵҲűһηŲǰ
ľϲ⣬ֻ鼱֮·缼ܣֹԼ屻Էɱ
еĽЩЩѪ䡯η磬ҲΪ缼ܶηǰ
ᣬתڷţЩѪ䡯ȫڿУѪսѾڡ
ܺãȻ磬ǾͷڵġѪ䡯ˣֻҵָЩѪ䡯ȫˡ
аЩѪ䡯Ҳ̫⣬Ҫǵĵ幥ԽϱԼҪǿĵˣЩѪ䡯ʵ޵ĺܡ
Ҫ־壬Ҳˣǿȥ
Ѫԥһ´
ڡѪ£ڡѪ䡯ȴ¶־壬ֹǰ
󵨣ǵΥ𣿡
Ѫŭĺȵ֮£ڡѪ䡯¶η壬ֻѪ䡯ðΣճ˹ȥ
˻˻
ǼֻѪ䡯ɷΧƿնܿ㽫⼸ֻѪ䡯Ƭ
ѪĸΪʲôһʼʹȼأԼôҲѡΪеġ
ƾץʱ޸ЩѪ䡯ֹһε̽÷ǡ
ѪηͲҿڳûָЩ޼ƿʩֻҲڿлָ
ͬʱָΪ˫츳ľ޴࣬ѪָٶҪϺܶ࣬Ҽ˫ָڡѪԣҲڡ
ȵһ˿ЦʱѪδָʱŹȥһʱ
˫еĺâҲѾɢָٶ˶Ŀɿڴ
һУҲǣĺˣһġ
ٺһЦ͵ĴӺɫϳգƺҲڴʱָϣһɫۣȾһ˿
Ѿȫָˣ
ѪȵʵΪŻָ˳ɲ
Ǻǣ˵ȻѾȫָˣҸоûôá
΢Ц˵ѾˡѪľ
ȻԷ㣬ץסǾͲķ
Ҫң
Ѫʹ쳤̾ΧġѪ䡯׷ײţһﻹҶԿ


1229 
Ҫ㣬Ҫ㣡
ЦһѾѪȺ˲ƶ
ѪսˣΧġѪ䡯ȴãȻ֪룬ȵҪʱѾһƬɫ֮С
ڴɲʱһݣǿֲһ㣬ַԹΧǧɷΧڵġѪ䡯޷Ĺ
ɱȺɱ
١Ѫ䡯вҽвֹ֮ΧѪɫâ
ಣ
ڿзٵߣЩѪɫâȫһգʣµġѪ䡯ѾȫɵˣȵʱһŲҽг
ɫڴʱӵ쾡£ȷɽĹЩѪ䡯η¡
ʵϣڵĻҰɫ棬ҲԳƬɱЩѪ䡯ֻǻɫޣҪɡѪ䡯ԣδչԼǿƬɱܡ
ѪĿеĲ±¾һգټġѪ䡯ȺʱʣԼһ
ΪսΪսѵԱ
ѪЦʱ֪õԿȥ
ͣ
һԼٶȳѪȥѪ˲ƶܡ
֪Ѫηǲæļ繥
ڶ˵£ڽ̽鵽Է˲ƹ켣
˵ʤѶֻεķʽʤѣǡѪֻܹϿȷΧ˲ƣȴҲ޷˲ƳķΧ
̽ѪķӦܿ죬һģʽ
ԽԽ֣ԽԽ죬ڴʱںĶͬһԴȪȫǽɫĿֲ硣
ǧ֮⣬Ϊģ£ǡѪ˲ģʽܣҲ޷㿪˲׷档

ѪĲҽɽ֮вϵԤ֮С
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ʹжܣȻЩȴǺЧģʵԸһҪɱѪô޴ӻʱʱܣҲѣΪô
ŹɣԸ⳼㣬ԶΪ
Ѫڿа
ͽ㳼٣ҲҪǰñʹ࣬ڱǸ㻹ծʱˡģ㲻ôģٽҪҲһĽѡ
ٺЦںѪġ
ˣҲұˣȾСİɣ
Ѫ֪ҲȴʹȥĺУʹĳܷΧ֮ڡ
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ѪģȴЦáѪбŭˣȻԴ塣
һߣпؽ󣬴ʱ˿̣Ƥδһ£ȫӡѪá
Ƶ᲻ͬɫǿкѪ
ʼѪܹǿ繥һ̶ȺﻹܹĹ
ѪǿĽɫǰֽͬһ㣬һ羹ȻԴ͸ѪâӶ棬Ƿ϶֮кݺݵĵѪ塣
ӵ˿˵еԶܣѪץ״̬£ҪһȴҲûлᡣ
ڰɾ£ѪԶ̹׵ı⣬˫˳£ѪѾʧȥһսʱ
繥ԡѪԣ޴ӻ⣬Ȼֵ繥Ǹ𲻵ЧһʹĸоáѪᵽĸо
ȴǸˣǡѪѡ˶ϣȻԸڸ󣬻ǻᱻ繥
һѭĿáѪеսɢʱֻܹȫܣԷӰΣ繥ԽϤˡ
Ҳȫû뵽Ѫ޳֪һԼչǿǽп̵ʱɱѪ塣
ֻǰ˾޶ʹ࣬ʱθ׵ɱѪΪˣֻԵһ绺Ѫ
𣡡
ѪֻܹͨܵʹڶԷ繥£ԼۣȻһʱ֮䣬ԡѪǿȴ޷
ɽ֮УɫβϵڿзƶӶ˵ͬҲǽɫĵ⣬ǲҽ쳹ɽȣϿյҲ겻ѡ


1230 
ϻɳĮһʱġѪǱʱ߲ɰܡ
ƾǿĲɼܣѪ䡯ûΧǱѪ䡯ɣͬɥ֮Ȯܣͬʱš
ɱ
֪˭һͬҵ֯һ㣬ͬʱߺ𣺡ɱɱ
ͬʱƳһȻЦʱҲͬʱ˺С
ھߵĴ£ɽз𵴣ֱӽѪĲҽ˹ȥ
ãܣ
һʹĹһʱѪڵѾĴʱһҵľӡ
Ӯˣڣһȫɣ
ѪѾˣһ߶һ߸ȵ
£µǵĸоżɱʱپԲ飡ڣĿͷûԹξˣ
ǡѪκͬģΪһʵ𱰣ԼЦҲͱ̵Űɱ
֮֮ǰܵʹ࣬ʱӱǡѪ
ۣ֮֮
Ϻ˿Ц⣬ǳɱáѪұӡ
֪ԼɣȴǾû뵽ôңԡѪҪӵԸĹ̲ʹģͬʹ಻
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Ѫ޼ƿʩֻܹŭĺչһͻϮκȴ֧޷
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ҡҡͷ¶֮ɫáѪһ߿
ڵģһڵģƼ˱㱾ҪҲܾ޴ʹࡣ
Ѫβ˷ͼӽ塣
ŶʲôҺأһͲˣ
һֱעšѪ۾ÿһ΢С仯ʱҲѾ³ͼԼͬھ
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ѪɢһݵıУڳʮɷΧ֮ʱֳ֮Ц
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ͷ
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ѾãϵѪԪԱľٶʱڽ£ڷڻܶʱҰɫ档
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Ϊ˱ڴ˿ʹ˻Ұɫ棬ǱǳɫǿĻ
ǻҰɫ˲֮ưΧѪ֮ʱѪͻȻĪΪԭԪԱȴڴʱֹͣˡ
㡭ôǿĻ棬⣬⡭
Ѫŵ˵޷ԪԱͬʱȻǻʵ̫ǿˣԼҪҰɫķΧȴҲ޷쵽
㵽׻ʲôϷ಻֪ܣȻ˵زϷʵ˴˵ȻҲֻݱܷâĵز
Ҳڲ֪ųOͣѾɵɵ˵
ͬʱз֮¶Ц⣬Լľˡ
Ұɫڴ˿ʩչʵΪ֮ΪվԼˣһսûٰղ˵ҾսʤҲԼûʲôô
ȫǱ츳ˣ뵽ڴʱԼ
㵽ʲôΪʲô
Ѫɥ˵ֻԼڲϵıǻҰɫڣ˿ֲĻ֮УԪ֮壬ҲδؿԿȥ
һ˲䣬ѪĺˣǻлĻһѡΪС
ʲôԾ˵ɣΪ㷸˱ٵĽɣʱѾǽ֮ˣ
ٺһЦ˵ͬʱͻȻӿ磬⼸ֱӳšѪȥһ󰧺쳹ɽȣǡѪٴαġ
ԪԱĻᶼûˣáѪȫ岻ϵĲš
֮ǰѪҲһ飬ЩѪ䡯ǵֲĻҰɫ֮УֻѪ䡯Ԫ֮壬ѪȻЩס
һۡѪС壬΢΢һЦƻҰɫСΧΧһѪһ屻ɵΣվء

ѪΨʣһ̾Ϣ


1231 
ʱѾӾлָĿ¶â֮Ȼ޾ս⡣
пһû뵽ԼӵлҰɫ£˼սԼ
ްţд˼³Щߣǣע⡣
ܺãȻ㲻ҵĻҰɫ棬ôɱġѪ䡯ӦҲɵɣ
а룬ʼڿнĵǺµһڶݳ
һ֣ˣдϲ
ллң
¸м˵
񣡡
Ȼ˵
ಣ
һֻѪ䡯ͻȻáѪʱǰһȻ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ಣ
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벻ԭҲн죡ԤϵڣѪ䡯㵱ܵ𣿡
ѪʱѰƽ⣬ҲϣԷҲߵ顣
ٴη𾪵̾ҲЩãȻ
֮ͬͨʲôƵģ΢΢ף˵ԭˣԭ˰Բ²⣬ԶϷԤ֮£
Ѫ䡯һĴڷɳʱǵ֮ƣáѪֵڻҰɫת壬ƺŻ赸
ףôûը
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ġѪ䡯Χס֮ȴֻй֮ɫκγ֮ɫһк󣬡ѪѾ
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ڡѪ䡯ŭĶԡѪáѪֱԼΡ
Ѫ䡯ļҪʤϷϷ֮ſԴﵽЧȴƾԼı£ξϷҲû취ǿ
뵽ɺڵݡѪֱӵ˶ԡѪ䡯ȺʧأҲΪˣԡѪѪ䡯ʱҲòӡ
ǼѪģϱΪвߣɱ⣡
šѪ˵
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ڡѪ䡯ܿѪģҲҡҡͷڵϲշѪ䡯ȺһϷһϸ£⡮Ѫ䡯Ⱥϣһգ
лǰǰѪ䡯Ĺ㵽ס
ȭЦʱѾ޾ΪˡѪ䡯Ⱥ֧֡
ʱ沿ͻȻ鴤һ£ڽѪɺڵɷͻȻﵽһ͵㣬ζŵɷѾ޽ɡ
ע⵽ɫı仯в˸˾Ųʮɸ̾ǧ
СӣҶѾûˣΪӵͽܣҲΪһԪڵδϣ
ο˵ʵԽǿ£һԪڣԼԣһ׮
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ȫ£Ϸ̣
Ȼʱͬʱ첿뿪㣬Ҳ׼뿪֮ʱȴǱ
һЩѪ䡯ѾһȫµĵطǺС
ЩѪ䡯֮УɲǸ⣬Ϊ˶ġѪ䡯ҪԼ֮п϶Ӱ쵽ԼС
ȻĿ֮Уٴ˱仯ս׸ֽƣһĹ򣬽սѾָԭòٴ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ЦЦʵԼԤ֮Уսǰ𻵣ȻΪЩѪ䡯ڲǰѾЩѪ䡯ս׵Ƭ³սײٴα޸
Ϸƭ㣬ϷǸϣ㲻ҪϷ
Ȼ֣΢΢Ѿʩǡ
ǰ򲻿ɣǰΪһԪ֮ˣȻģǰƭ£ҲһΪ룡ԣǰǸлǰˡ


1232 
΢Ц˵һ㲻ҵĻ
һЦ·˲ٵľ룬ЩŶˣڿ֮ʱҲЩͿˣ㲻ǲԼס
ϲ㣡㾭ϷĿ飡ϷҲҷĵĽˣ
һɵĿ˵µȴ͸ŴȰ
֪ظǰģѾ¶ĽϻɳĮȻһչ
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˵Сӣܵ˺ֻܲҪڣԶ۸㡣
ĬĬĵͷȻ΢΢һЦвⷬΪŮ˵֡
̵֮Ļӵ˹£ǡùһ̧ͷһʱ䣬˶ʱĿԣʱ·Ѿͣһ㡣
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ŹˮĴ۾ָӵĸоȻһֱڱעԼŮǴûʵȥޱΡ
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ѪŨˮ飡ҵĽǶǰԼĿԣİͬϻɳĮһ㣬δıûû㣡ǧ򲻿⣡ΪˣһΪ㣬Ҳ˲
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ΪΪҲɼɼ
ˮͬƲסϵˮȾʪһƬ
˸ն棬ɽƮĬĬڰ֮⣬ҲдĶࡣ
£ϢȻһֱҲò־
һˣôܽػ֮ã´ʱ飬Ȼûȴǿ󣬱ϾԼ꣬˭Щܲˡ


1233 
˵Ŀн˱仯չ޷ֵģҲһԼķ淢չ
ϲӵĿʱѾﵽҵĵزֻжԷѪŨˮ֮ˡ
ף
㰴ͲסеļĴ

ﻹаߵϣеֻǶŮĴȰ븡ͬʱԷȥ
Ѹٵײһ𣬸þץסˮٴδ˫ӿ
ͷȰӸ㣬һĸĳϵЦ͸ۡ
ŮϣѪŨˮ
ʱ˿̣˽ӵƺԶҲԸֿ
ಣ
ʧɽ֮УȻȻ
ɽֶۣ֮ӢϹŵЦ⣬⸸Ůϵʱ̣Ҳãʱ
֪ɽɺãģһᾡʵȻȥɽѰ㣡һһϢиˣһǳõĸף֪Ĵڣһ㣡
񷣬ŵˣϾʱ˿̣
һд֮ľָܿƽΪô˸УҲѸı鷢չ
ʱľû뵽֮У෴һֶʵľӡ
ǾҲãɽҲգŬ⣬ϻɳĮˣھҲԻԼãҲ޷ԽϻɳĮĿһڴˡ
ֻʵǿˣſңξݣǸԶĵط
Сϰ䣬ϱӿʼŬ׷Ѱǿߵľ磬ڵʵȻû˿ҡ
ˮۣˣֹ
ټ򵥲Ҫʵж֤ǡǡѵģΪ˼ҲԽԽƫԼķ
ǣһΪˣԴ³̥ûͣסŬκҲһֱڷ˿и
ţѾе֪һϢǾǣʦһֱûжԼ˵ʵȻ츳ԶôʵҲԲ֮¡
Щ飬ֻҪĹ۲죬ɿߣЩ鲢Ҫ׿˵ҲѾԸоʦӵ
ʦΪҸ˺ܶ࣬һδʵңЩѾԿҵڴ֮ߣҲһֱһ̫ΪˣΪҪŵɷھݳȴֻһԸ뷨ѡ
иţĲңɼңĸоʶС
·Զ⣬Ὣ
仰иǿߵĵ·ϣע¶ģͲסįǱ޷Ϊǿߡ
ĵ·ϣȴԼʽڲԱչΪģʽУԼҲµҲįǣһ·Ͻ顣
֪֣߳ĵ·ϣΪһߣҲµ٣ҵĲµ֪кܶҪŬҪȥػ
ϵıһֱ΢΢仯ţľ״̬һǲ񷣬кֲĳ嶯
һ죬ҪҲڲסۣҪҲģ
ȵľڲ֪Ѹֻ̬ѵԼҪʲô
һѾ˫ۣڵġľ֮£ٶȾȻһֹ˺õĻᣬȻΪԶ˫ٶֻ֮ס
£һȥڸɽۣ֮һͬبĴ˵һ㣬Ľ뵽״̬Ψɽ粻ϵķϵ졣
֪˶ãһƽɫʱŻ˫ٶҲ״̬
һ£ΪջĶ࣬ڵԪ֮Ѿһʱȫѵ״̬һɷȶĻϣڰ˵ɽ𵤷Ҳг͵ơ
΢ĸоĺʱ֮Զգж
ԭһֱûдҵҲ֪˶ã񲻻Ǻܳʱɣ
һ㣬ʱӦʮңһʱ߶ԣͺñȴһԺԲơ
ಣ
Яֶת΢ЦԸŮϵĶˡ
ƺܲӢЦ⣬һҸĸ첲ɷ
֪˵Ĺϵо˲ǸŮеӢŮƯͬһһ㣬Ҳڲͬĵطܶ˵䲢ֱġ
ʱȥͬһʮ꣬һۣмֳ׵ʡ


1234 
ϷҪлл㣡ĵϷôŮϣڣѾԭϷˣ顣
ˬʵЦ
˵ûдûȰ⣬븸׵Զô˳лл㣡
½ӿڵ͵ĸŮ档
ǰˣҲҿǰأǰֻͻڴˣεһ֪أ
ֻ˫۷·ΧĿռյĸˡ
˫Ƭ̣ڰ಻ס¿ҵǰ˷;ϻɳĮǰŮչˣֻǣ޲ɢ֮ϯҲ뿪ϻɳĮˣǰ׼
ɫ΢䣬ãζ˵һ뿪ϷԵ׼ֻҪգԵִݱ߽磡ϷոϣҪ뿪Ϸ׼
ɫ䣬˫ٵƳһۣȻЩ˵ףӦ˵һ𴳵ݵģʱôַˡ
˵ֳ꣬գգ۾һŭݣƺԸ⹫һ뿪ϻɳĮ
ϵĵЦⲢδ˿仯˫򽫶˵ı仯
ǰַʽˣһ϶ĸǰһ飬ҾԲ׷ҲܸԣһҪǰҲ޷赲´ľġ
ǰ᲻һͬǰݣǶȫ飡
˶ϷôԵ⣬Լ뿪ϻɳĮǰ㲻ѾĲˡ
øСӣ¶ˣϷڿ㣬뵥뿪ϷŲ׷㣡Ϸ롣Ϸչض꣬Ѿߣãݱ߽ĶϻɳĮѾûбҪˣԣϷһǰݡ
ЦжĻشǳ⣬ʱⷬҲһû뵽Լһ˵ĴԼһݡ
ݣЩˣŮУԼĻ
ݺƣһߣôмֲڡ
Ĭ֪ЦҲнϷǿĺˣϷ򲻹ǵ飡Ϸ˴ǻһԪڱҪѰĻ
Ǻǣã½˵ǰ棬ǰΪһЩ鷳µƢɲǺܺãҲǰսһ
Ц˵һҲʾϾǰԷһ㰵ʾʱֲ
ѽǵ˼סϷ򣡿ʵ⣬㻹жٺ֪
Цƺг֮ŮˣЩɬڳԴһ˵մϱߡ
ڰɣǵ̽ңǱ㲻飿
һʱ֮Щ޷ֱ棬ǱЦǰνй¶ȵʱ죬Ի֪
Сӣʱ򻹲ҴţҪǲ˵Ϸߣ
뿪Ц޷⣬Ը޷ش
꣡
ѾЦɬ˵ףͱˣԸ˵ɣжٸ֪ǲģֻҪܹҺãһӣ
ǰɣ⵽ǲ̫̽̽ˣ
ɻʱ򱻶ԷŮ˵һһ㶵ģװɵش
⺢ӣĻɲҪ˵Ҳģǵ֪ʱͻ֣ᷢԶô򵥡ܹ̣ԷҲһܹ̣
̾еĵǸ㣬ĵ̫ˣƵĵλС
С΢ţ粵ȴζԼһۣǱ㽫˵Ļ˶
ţ׵ģô˵ô
µͷ˵ɿЦû뵽˵Ե֮ϣŶʱ䣬֮Ѿ˺Ĭ
ǱˣڶϻɳĮôãҲ¿ԸԲ۸ЦЦ
Ϸһ뽫ϻɳĮ㣬֪Σ
΢Ц˵

ΪԾΪϻɳĮݱ߽ػ֮أһ㽻ζǶϻɳĮˣӵȨ£ҲػϻɳĮػݵı߽硣
оȣȴδϣֻ΢״˼ԼһܶԷĺ
ϻɳĮһֿռ̬Щƣ˺£ûжϻɳĮӰҲ
ֻԸΣڳ֮󣬱ȭ˵ǰ˲ԵģϻɳĮͬСɣΪԵһط̫ʱ䣬ԣ¿޷ʤΣǰջس


1235 
һߣҪлõϻɳĮȻ˿ľܾΪϻɳĮһǿ󷨣Σ֮ʱԲöϻɳĮĴһԷǿд룬ؽܶϻɳĮ֮е
ֻǳӦڳˣлв⡣
ϷһƬ⣡ǿӣϣϷ򽫶ϻɳĮ㣬ҲϺ
ģµ񣬶ϻɳĮѾûھݴڵıҪݱ߾ϻɳĮҲ𣬳Ϊһ˵һǿ󷨡һΪϻɳĮˣϻɳĮȫƣΣʱ㻹ڶϻɳĮ֮Уԣ㻹Ǻúÿɣһ£ɽ׷ɱʱܹڶϻɳĮ֮Уǿڹؼʱӹһ٣
˵õϻɳĮĺô΢ʱǻۣȻ⡣
Զɽ׷ɱ
ʵһôʱɶ˼ڳΪϻɳĮ֮һԼǿУöԷϻɳĮôƿԼУЩߣҲ㹻ԺԷ
ǰʵ̫أҵ
֮еƴ֮Ѿôԡ
Ӻɷ򣬱ģϷھطϻɳĮ㣡
ˬЦֻܹͷǣʩ֮Ϊ˶ϻɳĮˡ
ϻɳĮսӳĳһƬѪ죬ѪɫâУŷеʽһϻɳĮ߽֪ѾΪϻɳĮˡ
һвϻɳĮİأһʱ㿪ʼʩչǶϻɳĮһ֮󣬺ʧ
ԭһһ󷨣
˽ϻɳĮ֮ŷԼֱ۴һɫӡǣӡǲֻĴָͷСȴǻŶϻɳĮĵͼ
ΪϻɳĮ˺󣬴ʱڵĵطѾһɽ֮¡
ǰɽΡȻţһɽڶɽ֮䡣
ɽϷȴһƬɫ֣ɫĸĴ֡
ݱ߽磡
ĸ֣вһ󼤶ԭϻɳĮֻһƣľݵı߽硣
ȵͬʱ¸ΪȣΧľɫŴ˵صĿһִδйĸоӡ
ԭľɫôطػҪƯܶࡣ
ĸΧɫ⼤
ݵı߽֮һɽ˫ɽɽ֮ϣдʹһ˽ݶиֳԮǰ⴦ɽȱͨݵΨһͨݵһ룬ͨõɽݱ߽硣
֪δݣϸĽһ˳ҲùҲܹ˽ݡ
ԭˣѵǰһԪڵݣҲҪͨ𣿡
Щɻʵ
صһЦŰȻϷһԪںĵӣϷͨ˵أҪͨ𣿡
²Բ²⣡ֻǣǰʶ֮ˣҵҲЩ鷳
̫Ǳ˵л²ǷҪͨ
ϷѡͬУĿĿɲΪ˸㵱ԣһ·ҪԼϣϷǾԲһԪںĵӵɵִһԪڵģ
Ҳ֪ϷѾϻɳĮˣͨһԪڵ;ҪԼȥѰҡ
¶Цùв⣬û뵽ʲô鶼ô˼ǡ
ಣ
һһɫ·˲仯Ϊһ£ϵҲѸٵı仯ţһ̲죬ǵϺ绻һˣֻȻǰٷ硣
ʣʱҲȻ޴ı䣬ϢҲתһˡ
ЩԼһͬУעõİˡ
ʱһ۹£ߣһ㣬Щʵǿߣжϲأ
ǰߣ֪ǰǷϢ
˼ܣʱɲ˷ͻ԰ȫݾڡ
ѡ㣬ԣػİΣϷٴ꣬ϷԲΪǶ˶֡·ͨһԪڣеѶȲͨϻɳĮһ·ϣϷ׼ԹۣӵĵӵûͶѰһԪڡ
Цʱ˵ѾıˣȫΪһˡ
ҪģҲǺʵ磬һ·ȥ˭赲ǣǾɱ˭һԵִһԪڵġ
¼Ϊѣǿڰο
ֱЦĸأ·ͿԱı顣


1236 
һ·ɱȥǲѶΪ֮İ취ݣһԪΪǿ󣬾Ҳ˵Լ֮ݿ޵Уοݺ
һߣһһȫԼͬУҲЩΪѡ
ˣֻӦ䣬赲Ҳֻаչ˵Ļһ·ɱȥ
ģһὫ㰲ȫһԪڵģڣһ·ϣҪҵмǲɳ嶯
Ȼ˵
µͷϾûھߵľ飬ʱֻܹͷǡ
ʱЦеģƺܲһȻʹֶΣԼΪβʹñε츳أ
뵽ڵǰ˵ֲܣ֪ʲôðǰ飬ǲҲܣ
ֻҪ㲻Ϸ鷳ϷȻᶯ֡İɣڿʼϷ򽫻һֱĬȥԵϷư͡
ԥ˵۾ǰǰɽ֮УʱһȦȦİɫ
ܺã͵ˡ
ڿһȵٴοʱŷѾȫ仯һˡ
츳ôʲô¶ռˣ㾹Ȼ仯Ϸòʲôͼ
п˵
ôԱҸأԿ⡭ƺЩס
ЩƵ˵
Ǻǣǰ辪ȣװ磬ĩǰķɰɣ
˵䣬˵ϢѸٵķ仯ʻϢԴﵽԼЧױ֮󣬾ԼҲЩãˣǰֱԼӰӣһģһϵı鶼ơ
ֻͽǰòһʲôԿأأǰݣֻҪģµı棬ҲԸΪ˳ͨݱ߽硣
Ҳһģһ˵ģҲһģӿ̳ġ
ˣ
ЦǺǵ˵
ʱ΢΢һЦߣ
γշж󣬲㱻Ľгû뵽վȻǿĽƣҪڿзУڵٶȱҪ˰ٱֹ
ԭݵı߽羹Ȼ˱̬ͨ˶ϻɳĮҪ߽磬ҲǼѡ
̷ɽҲͬˣֻһδϵЦԽء
˵ر˲˽ƣڿзлĸԣɴ˲жȥ
Ȼ˵Ȼ۲ǰΣɽȴǰ·ߡ
Ҹߣ
˵վڶ󣬻㱲ƵģڶǰкҲͬһӰӰ㳯ǰС
ʱֵʱ߲ĹӰ͸֦˵ϣͬԭʼɭһ㣬˿ļ
ǶѻҶߣѡƯڵͿնУÿ̤һʮľ룬ٶǰУһǰҪ౶
ԶɽȻƣɽĶҲⷴ˫ɽƽ˼صϢ
ǰ֮ʱѾʶ̽Ҳܵ˽ƵӰ죬ԼʵȻֻܹ̽鵽֮ڵΣԽǰߣԽܵ
ǰɽȿŵǲԶǰƯƣȴķ˰ʱ䡣
˽ǰ֮к󣬶پ˵֮ԣȻԶʤһĴɽ
ڲϵѳ£ƮУȴҲֳĳĸо
ң־裡
˵пɲҵģ޷ȫ㣬ǽһûӵ飬¡
ɽ֮УɭɭһֱӲ֤ɽӴ
ʱ˿̣õʲôһֻܹԼȥ̽
ԥһһֽץסĳۡ
һ˱ͬʱǰУٴ󽵵˷ɢĿԣİΣͲõģƾʵݣ⴦ؿѵ
һȣ̽һ
˵ʱͻȻӿһɫâɫâȻǶϻɳĮ֮еġѪ䡯ǽѪ䡯˶ϻɳĮһЩѪ䡯Ա̽ΧΣա
ֻѪ䡯ŲͬĹ켣ŵ泯ǰУЩѪ䡯ĵʵҲﵽɺڵˮ׼о󲿷ֽɺˮ׼֮ϡ
ĬΪвɰĽʱ򣬾Ȼ˲ã˵Դ
ԼĪƬ̣жֻѪ䡯ڳǰУֻѪ䡯ʧˡ
˴ΣķĪҪ⣬ڣǶֻѪ䡯·ߡ
븡ǰƣǰа㹦ǶֻѪ䡯Ҳʧȥϵ
ʱפһ˼֪صˣʵԲҲ˿ЩѪ䡯ʧӰ١


1237 
һ۸ȴǲҪͨʲô׷أ
벻ͨҲ룬ǰһһԪڴˣǰΰݣϷҪ̣
ͻȻһȣɽȻϵ
СӣȻģµΩΩФ֪һԪڵأֻЩһҲᱻɻء
ԭǰˣȹǰ
˵䣬ǰѾ˱仯ɫӰͬȰƯ
˺ܿǰһɰԳһ
һһŮŰɫ˿ȹɫвۣΧںһ
ڶ˵ò̬֮мƣƮݵʣںڵеӢŮ쳣빫ȣȴҲѷɫ١
ȻҲŮѷɫڹ£Ҳǲ˸С
ӵòӢˣͦ£֮ͬʱ֣ȷʵ빫ͬʱЩȻ
Ƕ˼ˣͬʱ˵ʦ壬һʦɣȻݣʵĪ
ԣ֪Է˵ݣԭҲһԪڵӣǵĿƺһԪڵĵλ͡
ˣϷҲһȻΪһԪһеٮٮߣʦֵǽ̵з
ģ³˵аң˲ϤҲԼʱ¶
лǰޣ֪λʲôˣ
ͬʱ˵һֲеĬ̶Ϊȡ
ŶλϷŮ㣬ںλʦӵĸͽҲ
֪˵ʦֵĵӣ۱֣ҲԳ֮ΪԼʦ֣ʦ㣬Բ˵
ԣǿЦãΪԼŵֳĬðԼݣһԼ˵Լ˸ưͿ˱֣һ˵⡣
ԭǸСʦܣλһԪںĵλʦ㡣
Ǹ깰˵ͬӰӡ
Сʦܣ
Ҳ˵΢ź档
ߣ
ƣǸɴһԼʱݳԾ͸ҵ鷳
λ
΢΢ʩϴŵЦ⣬һЦö˰ޡ
жţ֪ӵĹŵӣĿǰδΪһԪڵʽӣһԪĵӵݼֱһϣһڵ¡
ǣʱ˿̣ȴһĺٺҲЩˬȻıš
ʦ壬ǲ˵˻ôʦܲأ
ĺǲģʱƽ͵ʵɰԡ
Ѿð䣬ðǿɾԲϣԴʱֻӦʻ
ĿľԲΪƭͬţΪܹݵĵִһԪڣڽ˵ҲһԺĽͣǰһԪڣҲһԪڵӵĻɡ
ʦ죬֡һĹ⹦һЩ֢֢ǻһʱ޷˵ԣղܹһߣʵѾǸǴкˡҲһʱ䣬ǵʦ⹦ɹˣŻָ˵״̬
ҵĳһɣȻЩȴҲ˵ùȥֻҪܹԲ˵ǿȡƭЧġ
ʵû뵽˻һԪڵĵӣû뵽һԪڵĺĵӡ֪ҲͲð˵Ϊƭͬţʼе㲻һ챻Ҵݣѱ˲Լ鷳
൱ԼˣٴŻϵԣֻΪԵʣҲñ¶ԼʵݣΪͷʵڲκһμİˡ
ЩĪΪʦһ˵ɣǱͷ˵ԭˣ
˵ֺɵˡһۣ˵еſƺ͸ŹŹ֣Լ˵УôЩ֡
˫һܺȻŲСĸңΪðΪȻ߱ϣ˱׽һȴʱ䣬͸˵ĹŹϢǹҲô˵ΪԵЩơ
νԶʧһߴһģԲҶ˵Ψֱ˿ͷԼٽһԪڡ
װưװˣҲʼճĬţվ·ͲƵģȫѽڡ
һԪڣһʵΪ𣬱ֻһ£ʵؼ⣬Ŀֻڱ棬ʵЩ׼һսʦ塣


1238 
֪ʱһڽάָ׵ģװΩΩФֻҪ˵뿴ʮѵġ
㣬㳤ĺ㣬Ҷовˡ
΢Ц˵ϵĴ˵ĳĬɬһЦЦ޲ɷĿҲɱסˡ
֮ģ˽֮
ֻƳһۣΪΪ˷ԼĳݣʱҪǿˣ˵Ļɡ
лᣬúһΪչ¶Цյʱ̶빫еһȡ
ﻰñȽ㳤ƯõĵǽŮӡ
ǫ˵ùдϲϾǰһŮⷬάָоڲͬģȻǫ˵
ƯŮӵһʣСŮһ㣬ܿı֣վһ˵ԶԶĸȻĬͬ͸Ŀ
վһڵߴңΧơ
ΪʱðԲ̽Էʵֻܹƾоȥ²ԷʵϢȴЩ죬ǾңԼĸоʵ
㵽ڣһԪҲ˽⣬һԪڵĺĵӣֻ㣬˵ʵӦòȥ
ʦ壬и֮룬ϣʦԳȫ
΢ЦĹ˵ҲóȻ̽ʵΪ̽ǼΪòΪԳʵ̽顣
ƾоҲʦʵ򵥣ֻйǿҵս⣬ڴʱսʦ壬ܻź
Ķֻ˵бµЩʲô
ʲô˵ʦ岻ˣʦ԰æģһȫ㣡
ȵ˵͸͵Ϣ
ţʦΪǿʦָ㣬һһֱڴغʦ壬ʦûҪ£սʦ塣
˵еĿģһù²һ𣬾ȵû뵽ð丸׾Ȼд
ãôˣ
ɫݵʵжʦսʦΪȡ
ûʲô
ǿջЦȴݱʶƣڳֵ£ԼǷǳѵġ
оȣȴǲ¶ɫֻ΢ЦһۣȻʦ֮սʦģԼ˽սʦ壿
ƺͲµʦ⣬ԲŲæ˵ʦ壬ʦ㣬Ҳ롣֪ʦʵǿʦĶ֣ϣʦһսĻᣡ
ʦְʦ֣ⲻ۸Ϸû𣿡̾
׼֣Լ̸оһʵھҪʲô
ʦ壬Բ𣡡
Щ˵֪ûյӣԼսʱûһӿ԰ս
ûϵϷȻûյͽܣʦܵͽڴˣ磬Ϸ򵱹֤ˣһսΣ
˵ۺЦп˵ΪǰԼʱҲԼʵݡ
ʱͬʱʱȥԶ˴δֻż˵һˣڿʱЩмսġ
һһԪڵĺĵӣһ˵һԪڵŵӣлŵӣһԪڵĺĵսһŵӣƺԵʮֻ
ʦ壬ЦɣʦȻʦĵӣδʽһԪڣȥսʦҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
ˡһۣǸֳһ˿ɬЦ⣬û뵽ԼôãȴսһŵӵĻᡣ
ȫӶȻޱ飬ǰ˽ǿ
Ʋʵ£ȴȻôţҲһ˿ŭ
ʲô̬ȣʦܵĵӣ㾹ȻƲߣǾ͵Ϸ˵ˣ
˵һ̵ĺǳ⵹ס
æȰʦ𣬶ҲʱȰ˵ǣǸˣŻָԭеĵȻ顣
ðɣȻ㿴ʵʦҲʵڵʵҪսʦ壬̫֮ˡ㻹Ŭϰʮսʦɣ
赭д˵⻰㹻˵ģȫϡ
Ҳ̷ΪԷԼʦ壬ԣֻܹаƣȴ˵սʦĻ
ܺãƹȥˣĺ֣Ҷ֣ԱסˡڣֻҪѹסҷˡ


1239 
а뵽ɢһɲŭϢģϢɢġ
СӣıϷҪǻ϶ҲϷҪʾһǶˡ
뵽жһɽ
еķɽ֮ʱΧİͻηɽɢĹâɽĹâȻ˲˷ԲɵķΧǣСɽĳǰ
񽣡Ȼǡ񽣡
ֳһâʱһ۲գĶеķɽ˵
񽣡һаħȻڴʱ񽣡
͵һȻʦǰ㼤ʵ˹ģסͣ۾زסϲ֮ɫ
ҲǺ˵еѾµ˸׵˼չ¶ԼݣĿȻΪ˸鷳
ôˣΪʲôһҪ粽أ
֪к֮ģĿҲ̫ˣԣеΪƽ
ȻųĬзĽҲֻһš
ڶμɽѾ³ݵвɷٵ˼š
һӲƽľȻž֮ɫɵȻٿѾɻ
δ˳ѯʣѾһ֣ô˲ִ֪磡Ϸʦܵϴķɽô˲֪ص԰ڣ
ؼʱ̣ȷˣ
һȻһ㶣Ҳû뵽ȻĻΣ
ɫ򶨣ȴǻ˻еġշɽʾѾԵĽ¶Լʵݣȴһȶݻ⡣
Ϊ֮ãʦ徹ȻԼŮǴ
ͬʱ뵽šƽĽ֮⡣
ǲΪȻζš񽣡ԳЦЦָ˵ѽϷȰ˵㲻Ҫȷ˭֪ȴϷȰ档ڣ㶼Ŀ߻ħˣɽɣ򣬱Ϸ򲻿ˡ
ⷬǡôĽеɻЩ߻ħˡ
Ǹưû뵽ԼⲻҪ֤ݵİ취ȴ۶ﻯΪΣ潫˰һ˵ľ̫͡
꣡
ԭڵУȴʱΣ²Цһ
ѽǺοأģɽɣֻǳˡ
»л˵ҲЩΣЩƵĵһۡ
Ŀ𳤣
˴ʱ뷨ʱȴȻЩЦ⣬ƺղŵıȲδӰ쵽顣
ǣ˲Ȼ˿ɺʦ˵Щһ
ʦ壬ʦôˣʦưɣʦ߻ħĵˡ
Ц˵ȻȴݺݵĵһۣҲԳЦЦ
ȻʦܹȻҲ˶ŭȻɻأȻɡ
ߣҶҲֻûȤ
а΢΢ЩĪ΢Ц
Ѿִеĳ嶯ɫͫѸٵתţڻǽ񽣡ջڡ
ʦ壬ôȱãȴǴأʵڰ˼⡣
ɻʵ
˵һѾԭϷ׼⡮񽣡ŵӣ˭֪ôȥˣϷҲҲһĵӡʦûǶΪͽܣҲϷὫ⡮񽣡ˡ
һнעϷûеӣǸŮӣϷ뵽ⳡ֮УΪԵɺϣʦܵĵӡǣϷ㶯˳֮֮ġҲʦ˵ˣϷӵĹϵǳԣ㽫⡮񽣡ĵӣʲôϵأ
ϷԵǳԺҲͽܣԣ罫֮͸ԵˡǿĪҪСʦܵͽܣвأɹʱȻָǰǻۣҲǸʱҲһ
͵ⷬ˵аԸˣΪʦԼ˵۲͡
ٴԽĽԼ˿һʦ壬ǿԵõ
ֻܹĿ˺ŪȥлǲòԼӦ
˷ǰһԪڣ֮ԲʹĿı븡ܸĥԣʱЩ⣬ǲ
ͬʱֹϲȻ㽫һ֪˴ʱǼðģ֪θ롣


1240 
ѵʦһֱվڴ˵𣿡
Ҳ֪ǰһԪڣǹʵ
죩ң֪ʦǷ뷵һԪڣ
ͬʱʵɫ֮䵹ԵóϿֳϻ̡
ʦмҪһԪڣ˸Ͽ·ɣʲôĻȷһԪˣҵ𲻳١
΢˵Ҳ֪Լ᲻¶
ʱ۾֮еЦпһ죬Լ¶ȴ֪ʲôԭ
ʦ壬һ⣬ʦʲô
Ѿɻͬʱʮɣɫʻ
ʱͻȻſ˸֣ͬǼˣֱԱ
˵ͻȻ仯ҲЩֲֻҪһ룬֪Լղŵ仰⡣
Ц۾ԽԻ󣬷ֲ⼸˵ô£Ϊʲôȹı֡
ʦ壬شʦܵ⣡
Ҳ˲ñ䣬͸ޡ
һԪڵ˽̶ʮޣ֪ͻȻðĶ˭ĵӡ
²Ĵԭ֮һδ¶˿ĵ֮ɫ̩ȻŶˡ
㣬ôҸ˵ѵ㻳ҲǼٵ𣿡
³Դƽίı˳ĸо
΢΢ԥһµʮ֮ӣΪôðġ
԰꣡ҶȷʵʦݣʦȻشҶ˵⣬ȷʦݰɣҵȵĴλһʦõǸ
԰ϸֳ΢Ц
ʱɱ˵ĳ嶯УԼʦʦ㣬Լʱɱ˶ˣԺܹһԪ㡣
츳ҪݳԽʵﵽļ£ԣ۶Էʵôǿһûɷ£ʵͻȻչϮɱĿԻܴ
ֻǣ˲ǵˣͬţ޷ʩչɱֵԭڡ
Ǵʱ˽Ҵݣһս⣬˵ʵҲǷʱҲûʮɰսʤˡ
һԪڣųƾǿɣû֮һĵ٣ÿһǿӵĻв²⵽ġ
ʦ壬شǵ⡣
ٴͬʱ˵ԵЩͱˡ
һģ⣬ģش𣬻Ūһʵ˾壬һԪڵĺĵӲ޶˽⣬֪ʦ֮⣬ʶʦ˭
ȵӲСȻһϷݣдѵʦָʹǵģͷϷһǸļһˡһﾹȻҽͽ·ϣʵϷˣһ޷Ǳ۸Ϸûͽܡ
ٴʹȵֶΣȻȻĸֳԵϢϢϢһģһΪȫģ
Ҳѧһ֣ðȻʦܶѾˣʦֺη
潫˵ѹֻЦĸˣ֮еЦ֪Լ˵ˡ
Ȼһͬʱ¶ɫͬʦ壬ʦ¶˲ţǾԲκҵʦʦҲСοֻǼðʦ塣
˵֮䣬ɽֶ˾ȻѾ˷ɽһŭ⡣
Σð̫ʧˣһ̵ҲͣȻᷴӦô죡
ţвģúȵȵ·ϣһԪڵɷɱ⡣

ͬʱͬ˹в֪Ϊʲô֪һԪںĵ֮еһںţһԪںĵӵĻ
ʵ仰ӿģʱһ˵ȻöԵôľǱϷԹŪסˡ
һۣԶ˶Էеľ֮ɫʱ򣬶Է˵ⷬǾζһԼ˵Ҷ䣬Ǳ·ϣһԪڵĹأɱ⡣
ղŲ̽ΪЧȻһвΪ
죬ĪҪ۸ʦһֱûһԪڱʲô֪˵֣ʦֹܲһεϷԣϷ˲İ˵·ϣгеεĺǿҪˡ
Ŀ˵˲ŭ潫סˡ
治СҲϷʶʱ䲢ðϷȻ˵ĵӦ֣࣬˴ǻҲʦܵ۹⵱ڲͬ
аʹδֹǰʱɰ̾ʦֵĶǻԶԶ
ʦ壬¶˾Բ·ϣʦ졣
칰˵ѾЩǷϡ
ߣսսǲϷ֣ϷԵǼʮսǸһϷݣ˴治ΪϷմӶϻɳĮ߳˴ʱ˶ϻɳĮѵֱû𣿡


1241 
Цֱֱۣϵ쵱ͷð亹ΪϻɳĮı־ӵжϻɳĮǼٵʦ塣
ʦϣҵ飬ʦдʦϣҪ¶һƽϡ
칪壬ˣû뵽Լ͸ĶϻɳĮŪˡ
ߣξˣ´ΣԲϢȣϷʲôԸѵʦϼһûиأвϷ򣬾ʦϼһǰϷһӡ񽣡ڴˣϻɳĮڴˣڴˣҲڴˣ˶ֱ治Ƕʦֵ
ϬøղŻȻޱȵĶֻŵķݣȴЩɻܹȫ͡
ԳݵҲû뵽磬ӲװΩΩФһμʦ֣ʦѵΨΨŵ
⹫µ˿ʵ֮ٶΪΪŮݸףöȫû˿֮ġ
ٵ̫˺Ҳо̫٣ҲԼ뷨ʱ򣬷ʦʵ̫ЦˣԭѰա
ʦ壬һԪںĵӽзһԪڵͨÿһĵӵصͨԲ֪ͬʦΪ˵Ҫҵһ𷵻أδЩ˵ͨ»ɵԭ򣬻ʦ¶һ͡
˵ʱ۽ǵһֱעϿЩߣֶֻԷϹž޲ʱԽԼǷ̫ˡ
˵
˲٣һĪӣȻеĻԽ٣ҲʦԼǼ˵ʦΪһԪںĵӣм·һԪڣݵĵ·ǾһԪڵĳ󣬴˴ǹ󷨵Ľ壬ֳʦֻҪձɷһԪڣֺҵ·أΪʦղǾ仰ԣ²Ļɻ󡣡
ԼѾ͸¶а֣װƽ̬ȻЦΪϷ֪ʵϷ򲻹ڿ˵ԡʵǲԸҲԽһ㣬Ϸʮֻ͡˵ԻЩ꣬ǵƾһ㻳ϷݣǵЦ󷽡ңǷһǳصĴϷʲôˣϷʲôԸѵʦûἰ
Ϸ˵һʡߣһʱһʱҲϷʦѪͷʦأϷԸǻ˭˭˭Ҳ޷赲ҲЩˣϷʦı֡ϷϵǳһˣϷ˷ѿˮ
ⷬ˵Ŀɿڴŷʦ˵ûʦĿڲŹȻܺá
ʦ壬ô˵ʦϵͬˮأΪȴ˵ʦϵǳʵԽԻˡ
ʵаЦԼʦֵĹϵȷʵôãҲ̫ǣǿˣǹϵǳʵͬˮ𣬻ûʲô֡
ȣѵϷʦͬˮⲻǱϵѣʵϵǳ֮ˣ׷ΣһַʽǿǴ֮һܼ򵥱ܹĶҪȥ˼Ȼھĺ塣
ʱ򣬺ܶǻܹ͸Ѱҵңĵ·ϸһ۾ֻͣڱϣôҪѸٽѶҲӦ
ϷԣδǣϷţЩ⣬ٵһ׵ġ
̾󣬱һĸⷬ˽ϴˣҲɫ䡣
һԣ֮ˣĿ꣬ǾǲϵϵĽ֮·ϣ츳ȻҪһ˵ԸҪ츳ˣ˼ôҲһҲûһζϣ
һ츳һ㣬ȴ˼ߣҲһԴﵽĶ壬һĳɾͣԲ̫С
Σÿһ˶ȥԼݡղԣʵҲΪһ֡
Ļ¶ϲ֮ɫΪЩҲܹ˵֮ĺ塣
ҲΪˣ˲Żԡĸٴʱ˵ⷬöҲǳ
ԭΪڶǰŪѧʣǵ˵仰岻ɾҵһ͸żСӣȻôεĵʵ̫ѵˣ꣬Ҳʦ״
ʦҲ¶ǳʵڶʦѣʦܹ¶ҲܶʦѬա
ͬʱ˵ɫ£ſ⡣
˵ķӦĵǳ֮⣬Ū䣬뽫Լµڸǹȥ˭֪ȴ˼ѡ


1242 
ΣͲϷ˰ɣΪˣԣÿ˶ͬʽÿ׷ĴҲвͬǣ׷Ĵһһͨ㡣
ǰҵΪߣǲŬʵǱǱֻۣķ·ϽнԶĴԽԽңԶ
˵һ⣬Щ·ϵĸ򣬵֯˵˼˵˵Ĺ
Գݵﾺ׳ʱ˵潫Ϊˡ
кܶ飬˶ܹоȴһȥЩ˼롣
ߣ߽ԵΪ磬֮໥Լ٣Ѿ٣ȴҲڴʱĲѧ
ߣнԼĵ㽲ģһԣǳ˵Ļỹʮѵá
ıֿСôҲֻһԪڵһŵӣһ˵ʦܣǣȴ˽ĵãöΪ֮
Ӧ䣬ʱĲԣǶ˱Լ˵ͷǱӽƣƬ̣Ӳöʱȴɹݡ
û뵽ԼûԻ֤ԼݣȴķʽöԼݡ
ˣҲûһ˿ɣΪŲɡ
ǺԼݵģȴҲ̸סˡ
ȻĲٻͬ˵Ĵ󲿷ֻȴòͬ
һ۵һʱԼеĹУʵҲһ˼Ĺ̡
ԲһͣЪĽϼ켸ҹΪûǸҪԼĿĿɲϴԡģԣڴʱ˵档
ƽǳԵĵȴǴδӴˣýζԽĻﱳ
ʦϣҵҲͼʦˣƾʦԴһԪھٮٮߡֻ˭ðʦأʦҲδȫ׼ȷ
˵ʱ˷ޱȣﻹаĻɡ
ͷԣˣ϶׼Ϸ򣬿϶׼ǿҪˣԺһϷݣǻصġ
Ц˵
Ѿһ۵۷ˣҲĻ֮ƺʱֻܹȶȻ
ʦ岩ѧʶһݣ
첻Լͬ˵ֻ΢Цĵͷⷴö˾ԵĪ⡣
һֵ۾㱻˵һ㣬ԶԣֻܹЦĵͷҲаˬΪܹõĵͷζԼԡⲢ̫Ρ
ˣʱˣϷ˼ǰһԪڡˣȥδأ
ԻȴʧϵʵоЩΪѣ֪õǰһԪڣȴֲڴʱ¶ڡ
ʦ壬ԸʦһͬǰһԪڣʦ׼
¶֮ɫ۰Ͱ͵ּȵĹǰеġ
ãϷҪ˵ǰ棡˿ϷһͬУһнҪϷ֮Ϊ׼ϷκΰţԲ飬˿ɿˣ
Ȼ˵ҲЩֻǵϷݵʱˣҲˣǻһֱȥȵһԪڣȻ¶ȴҲ١
ߺߣ
ʱһߣ쵱ĿƳһȻǶö࿴һԵûȤ
֮ԷߣȻΪ֪һԪںδһҪͬУʱһѱݲ¶
ʦ壬ģֻҪʦ岻ҵΥĵ顣
Ҷ˾ԲΥʦ֮һеƾʦԸ
챧ȭ˵ϵıʮࡣ
ܺã˷ǰһԪڣԲͨ񣬾ݴҽҵȵƾʵǰһԪڣҲһѵõĥᡣһ·ϣԲ̫ƽ˾ʵҵһ·ȥ
漴ӦҲ̾磬һ㽫֮ǰµԲȥˣѪڡ
ھ֮ǿݣҪнһԪڣ£һ·ϽŻֵ˼
һеƾʦԸ
ٴαȭ񣬶˵ʵҲѸٵĿʼأֱӽʵΪ¡
ӿɽҲ
쳤Ц֮绪ЩǰǲԼӰӣԼΪơ
ʲô˼
ɻʵΧͬʱ׼ȴĽ͡
ЩֻܹᣬԴⲻǻڵʲô˼Լȥɣ
΢΢۾ЦһĸĪֻܹдĦ


1243 
СӣαװϷݣһ·ϳ¶ڵģϷͲаˣ㻹ܹһֱαװһԪڵɽŴ
аüë΢΢Ŀ¶ƵĹâҲаȴȻɫңͷϷİƺ˼ʲô
ü΢΢üë˲䣬һ˿صЦǴ
˷ǰһԪڣ֮£Ϊ˱ܣϷݣһ˵ݳ֡
˵ͬʱڿ΢΢һΣȻָ˱ò

¼ڴʱ仯ݣ鲻ԽľһȻָæסͣԼľȡ
Сӵʲô
ҲԻˣֱһ˲䣬ͼаôҵĸоȴϼ޻أ£ϼ޻ҲСܹ˵˼װ˵ðһˣ׵Ĵ˵Ļɡһð˼ԼܹĽʦʦڲͷתȴһֱĸԸ
Ϸݱݣʵ˵ģֻδܿԡ
˵֮ʱһָʾȴ
˳ͬʱתһƭƭдԵķʽʶ϶仯ʵ
ʦ
޵
ǺǣϷڵѾԣʦ֣ʦ㻹벻Ҫ֮
Լ˵Ѿ׶ˣЦЦ
û뵽ּıԸԼˣ仯ɱĿ󣬶ѾΪĽŲɡ
ʱ˿̣¾ԳԱҥֻҲ޷˿˵ľΪαװĴﵽ޷ľ硣
ʦ壬֪ҵʲô·߷һԪڣʦʾ
̬ʵԽʦɲ⣬򲻿ɶ֮
ʦ֣ļ
ķʵд󾪣ԥһ˲䣬֪ѾαװæĿڵʦܣʦָղˣʦĪҪŭ
ʦܾʦһƽϣʦִ·ɣνҪͨͨķʽǰһԪڡ
Ƥ׸ΪԼ֪ǰһԪڡ
ЦҡҡͷѾѣԼҵ鷳ǾȻΪģھԪĵӳԵġ
Ǻǣ
»л˵Ǳʮָ֣ȴ˱ܵΪǺģΪͻȻԼĸױƽȻǷǳȡ
ʦܣ룡
ͬʱƣŵ泯ǰУٶȲ죬򲻽ĸں棬УԶԶ˺棬пνǸпĶࡣ
˷һ죬ǰȴȻδɢǰĿɼԽԽ͡
Ũ֮зУ˴·һ·ܿΣյֻ»ܶ鷳
ʦܣ˫ɽкܶǿҵȲʹͨҪֱӹȥǾζŴأһأǽΣգ¹ϵأʦϸá
ȻͣΣתȺȻԵǵ˵
ʦ֣˵Щʦܺγ֪콵˹Ҳ侭ǣзΪԣұߣСһΣȻѾ¶Ĵأֺξ֮УʹһȥΣգҵΪߣܱΣŵأ
ƽǰ΢΢۾򵥵һʱмһɺ׳־ͻȻĶָоʮõġ
콵˹Ҳ侭ǣзΪ
˼ĻԽʦĻǻֱۣǽԣԼʮá
ǰʦ仰ͻȥˣΪһԪڵĺĵӣʲôΪͣ͸£ʦ㣬Ҿʦһ𴳹أأ
˵죬ڶʵ֮⣬κһݽԿɰȻΡ
ʦܣЩ꣬Ҷ˵ΪѾͣ˺þãһοǻᣬ˫ɽЩˡҲһΣǻΪƿ
ҲԵЩʮƽ˵ĶԻƺδܵ˿Ӱ죬ֻǵǵĿһ۸㡣
ֻ¸Ҫֹڴˣҵ˵ǿԴֱӴأõĻҲϣسɹ
ͻȻתͷӸ㣬ʮϧ˵븡νһʣ᲻ڴʱͷֿ
㣬ĪҪģ޲ɢ֮ϯǲѲ븡õ֮գ
ɫȻ˵ϾȻ¶Įζƺûж˿ݡ


1244 
ʦܵġ
˵Ҳָƽиոһ˿Ҳ֮ƽֲ׸ΪһֱԼϣΪһֱԼϻɳĮԭɽųߡ
Ԥϵ˻ʱָ̬ԣһ֮ϲŽ¶һ˿Цݡ
ͬСԺı飬̲µ˸ڽһ£һ
ʦ֣ʦ㣡Ÿһﴳأ
ն˵ǡ븡ĿԣøижѣѾỨûΣչͷԼ
ʲôʦѵ뽫ֱӴ⴦ؿڿݣǿĹؿ֮һûκ߻ħ߸Ҵ룬½ʹҲóȻ롣ʦܵ⣬ֻҪһߣʵ̫ˡ
һֿŵ˵ϳ˲ŵı顣
аȴΪ˽޷жֱӴΣָȻʱ¸㣬ȴҲȥ顣
˵ͬʱϵıͬˮƽû˿Ϊ֮ݵ
нһȺǿдأѾʮˣǴһߣеѶɻʮֹ
ʦܣ¹شǧ򲻿¾˫ɽնĹؿ֮һҵֱӴ룬˫ɽеǰ˾ɱǴһߣֻ»ֲܵأЩ˵ʵ޷󡣡
Ҳ͵Щҿ㣬Ϊøֹڴ˲ſԡ
˽Ϊ֪ΪŮҲö˵ʲô
ĬĬԣȴע⵽̹ȻĿ⣬ڴʱ˿̣ѡ
ʦ֣ʦ㣬ĪҪ˵ҵĹϵҲʮҪܡǾˣǰжôΣգҶ޷˵ǰǣǿڴʱѡ˳ݵӡ
ٴȷеľһøжѣѾỨ
λǲˣΪһˣǣĺ̡ѡ˳һǰһԪڰɣ
㶯ݵ˵ŨŨĲ֮⣬ֻȴˡ
һߣҾԲڴ˵ط㡣
ն˵ɢһɰԵϢϢľѡ
ţϾߴ¹شһСģó
Ըһȥ𣿡
Цڴʱ񶨵ľҲԲᵥƾһʱ֮´ء
ҡҡͷ˲Ϊ֮һϲ
ѵôգҲˡ
а룬׼ľʱͻȻϸŹŹЦ⣬Ȼĵͷ
ҡͷȻٵͷ˵Ĺ̽׺󣬲ɿɬһЦ
Ƕ˵˼أ
ʵ
˵ɫЩãȻ֮ȻԥţûеͷҲûҡͷ
ðɣֹǶ˲Ŷԣ£˼ǰ
Ѹٵ˵Ȼˣֻ˸㡣
Բʦܣ
ͬʱǸдھ֮УΪһѡϵһѡǾͽھһ״̬С
Ǹһǵѡֻǣһ䣬£Ǳⲻðգ̰ԥǰⷴӰľ
˵Ȼһסĸ첲˵Ǵͷߣ
ǣ븡ǳǰǰ򲻽ںϣԶȥıӰ
ú󣬶ͬʱ̾һȻƿЦ
ߣԶ˵츳ŬʵѾʮǿäĿðգǾԲǶԸ⿴ġ
ˣߺ󣬶ҲһֻȴĪ
ðղһäĿģΪļ룬˱üֱӴҲһЩϣģȻϣǺܴ
㣡ڵѹһߣ㱴ȫΪ
п˫Ŀ͸Ũֱǰ˸ſĹâ
ѹˡҲǵѡȷģߴݵһأֱѰ·
ЦŰοĿҲһǰкγȻʧ
㣬㲻ðοˣʵ֪һ顣ʦ徹ȻֵʵҵҲǣǸ븡Ҳһ롣ˣҲŰɣʱܶݣʦȴ˵츳Ҷ֮¡ŷ֣ԭĵҲҶˡǸ㣬͸˵ˡԴ룬Ҳþһ룬ðķո󣬼Ǳ֮֡
һأߵݣȻΪʸ֮ģǸҲԹ˲Ͼָʦ屣ȫ㣬ֻڸصͬʱ޷


1245 
ĻڴģΪͬΪߣȥðգԼѡֹ
ѡѡðգ
ڲԥǾȻİףǿĿԽᶨǰ
ĬĬ첢¶̬񣬺ڵ㣬һˣʦǰðգΪ㣬Ҳѡ˳ҲȥðգһҲԸ⡣
˻һ͵һǼᶨ¶ĹâȻ˵лл㣡
ÿڣȻϣȥðաһ㲻ȥðգôҲԲȥðգΪҪţһֱػ㣬ֱҵһ졣
˵жĻС
Դ˫֮ʹ΢ʵֺγΪѡ˳ҲȥðգΪҵԭʲô飬һӶڡ
켤˵ࡣ
Сɵϣ˵ˣҶһнڲС
ЦЦı˻ˡ
ڴʱΧͻȻʼѸٵɢһöķֿ
Сģ
ͬʱ˵ɽӶڼƾһ˲䣬˱Ѿ˷̬Խ˶Է
˫ɽ֮У겻ɢҲػ˫ɽһǿڴʱɢһζ·
ɢ󣬶˵Ŀ֮ѾΡȻĶɽɽ֮󣬼֮С
̧ͷԶľ޴ɽҲɽѾƺ֮УӶ˵ĽǶȥǰ˴ɽһСĵ·
·Ƕɽ֮ϿȵشⲢ˵·Сֻ˫ɽʵ̫޴ٿϿҲԵС
ֳַɽĿǰȻһ춯صͻȻ˫ɽ֮д
¡¡
˫ɽͻȻҵĻζΡľɽʶǱ廹ҪʮٱʯͷƲй£ⷬƶԶ˵в󣬵ȴǾˡ
Ҫء
ͬʱͷȻ˵һģһĻ
Ϊʲô
ͬʱʶԷһͬĬöͬʱ˵ˣӶԷ
ͨˣʦ˵ĶԣΪߣһӭѶϵľȻʦȥأҵΪһԪڵĺĵӣΪ̰ǰأ룬һνѵǣһǳɹأǽջǳң֪һǲȥǻźġ
һһٵ˵ϵսӿɢ̵ͷ
ȻˣҶ˾һ𴳹ءҶҲһ𣡡
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ѶȻͬʱǰȥΪƷеĽƺڴʱȫʧȥЧ
Щԥ̽鵽ΧΣϢʱǰɫͻȻ㿪ʼʧ
һԲĸ֮ǰѾ˵ˣְԣû׼
븡㲢Լ˷ɽǽȫչ˳ΪΣվԲͬ˿и
ಣ
һâ˲Ƴڶǰɴâٶʵ̫죬쵽˶ЩӦ
ۣ
δüǺâѾâٶ֮죬Ȼͬ졣
ಣ
ֵʶǰ˲ƣǡ÷Ǻâ˲Ƶ·ߡ
Χɽʯĺ¡Σʱ̣ѡԼӲս׵ǿҲûüʩչ
µķӦ˵죬ֻǺâٶʵ̫죬ֻܹĿǺâӭȴ޷ṩκΰ
ףʲô
ֻǺâԼʱȻûһ˿һʹƺһӴԼ壬Ȼʧˡ
û°ɣ
¹еʵд󼱣ԭⴳػգŸտʼ㱻ǺâС
õģһţ
˵ЩɻĹ۲ǰȴûҵǺâֵĵط
û£ллأǿɶЩһﾹȻôɵ͵Ϯַѵܹһս𣿡
Щŭĺޱ飬ֻɵĶΧĹľʯ
ŨͻȻɢȥҲоǿеѹѾڣȴһΣյϢ˫ɽӿ
ղŵǵâٶ죬ʹٶҲܣζһʮΣյźš
㣬־裬ѾĽ˫ɽһǿѻҵȽݣĪҪСġ
ƽ˵ɽľʯֻǺܵţܵٶȼ˸оκƶ켣
ɽϵľʯϵķ䣬˵ʵԣû˿в
ʧҲĿԶ޴ɽɽյģԼϿҲֻɽһֶѣͨǰĶɽǾͱ뷭Խ


1246 
¡һֱţʶ̽ȥȴҲûзΧκε˵Ĵڡ
ʯ֮ţ˫ɽȻھҵĲţһҵĲ֮ɽʯҲ·䣬ǣΧʯͷԽԽܼγһ׳ʯͷꡣ
СģĪС
ٴγѵʱѾʵӵǿ״̬ʶ򽫿еʯͷ꽥֡
ֳַɽ·ŮʯͷܣɫȻͬ˷ɽһٴеģ
ʯͷֹһ㣬˵߶ܵʯͷӰ졣
Ϸɣ˫ɽɽ
˵α㳯Ͽճȥ󣬶ȴǹĳɽȵײȥ
ôˣѵлΣգ
ɻ֮ʱĺȻһɿֲϿԼٶϮȻǰƵҪĶࡣ

ǹɾϮУ˲伸Ҫ˺ڿУֵͬĹֲ
ⲻͻȻҹ죬һˣǹֱѹµķ
ս֮ǿ
аһƬ˸УѵҪӲ壡콵䡣
²δܾײȴѡ˳ɽȽ䣬һѾѸٵķ䡣
γֽ֪֮£֮ӲƴռκƣֻԳġ
һ
ѡ˹ֵʱβ˷ĳǰȥʱһɱȸղŻҪǿֱӳײ
սѾǿڶɴϮ󣬾ȻѿһεĿӣǹɴֱӺϡ
ԣǱȽս׸̵Ĵڣһײ£ҵʹ崦
η׹֮ʱؿѾһϸС˿ڣеĪȻԼķƤƬҲǹɴϮۡ
һڽɫѪĿѪֻҺӿ塣
ʲôƣȶϻɳĮĽƻҪǿ󡣡
ɵݵĶײ󣬲аתһ򣬵γɽɡ
䣡
ٴαǹεĴУһΣȴԾĳ·䣬δ
¡¡
ͬڵ׹һ·Ͻʯײɷ飬ѵʯҲڿС
Сӣǿ壬ȻԳܶνƵ
аȴֳ֮ˣԭ츳ȻԶԼϡ

ڽɽȺƵĺʱһмͻȻ˫ɽд߸ûзԴͬǴ˷һ
ףΪʲôûǹɴϮ
ǵѪδ̣۾ɻʵΪղſ빫һϷеġ
Ҳ֪ûоʱκ
ãȻ˵
ǰɣѵҾôù
Ƶ˵ܿ뵽һֿԣпղõâйء
ļУǵâԼȴûκƣûбУŲܵǹɴš
ʯͷȻܲ͸磬ڹȵţһҪֱӷɽļƻʧЧˡ
ಣ
ĳɽȷǰ˳졣
һΣЯֶξͻһˣʯͷͬʱ̬ȴǱݵš
ʦ壬ʦܣǶֻˡ
ͬ˵Ȼһŵ̬ĽߣһУ֮⡣
ΪߣǴﵽƿҪѸͻΪƿʵǳѣڼѵսУδ֪ΣĥƿȽͻơˣʱҲΪ档
ã˫ɽЩа˶ûͰڳ˿ŵƣʯͷòƲ򵥣Ӧòֻ
ԳЦЦ޷ԭرֲ䣬Ϊʯͷ꼸ܲ͸磬ֻԿʯͷٶܡ
ʦܣʯͷڣΪǲѡɽأ
Ĵɻʵ
һѾɽɲô÷ȥġһԱ֪ˡ
̾һЦŶˣлȥͷٿ԰ԼֵһΣա
̧ͷԶɽʱһۣȻԼᶨ˵ʦԺ󣬴Ҷ̽
ãĪСġ
ͷ˵ǣֳַɽӯֻͬӣʼʯͷܴС
Щʯͷ󣬶˱Բʯͷֱ꣬ǰУЩʯͷԵǱԣѡ˱ܿʯ
ɣһֱҲǰ취
սҲѾ޸ϣʱֱѡս׵ķֵЩʯ


1247 
һ˲Ƶķ֣ԼȻЩʯͷС
޴ʯͷѹɽУϷʯͷ䡣
ߣ
һЦȻڿѡܾʯ
ԷâֵЩ޴ʯͷһ£п಻
Щʯͷı󣬵ǴӺܸߵľʮֹ
ͬһ˲Ĺ򣬹ʩչķâ޴ʯͷЩʯٶȾȻ÷â
һʯڷâϣâγɲвǣľʯķâǵֵסˣһҪĲ
ʱֵʯͷ꣬ȻǹԸģʹâļƻʧˡ
Ǿʯгգ˿дϮвŭ
ڿзƺδǹɴ赲ȻѾ˰ɽĸ߶ȡ
˫ɽɽѾ֮УҲ³ç֮ڽӽ֮ʱ̷½䡣
ʦܣв赲ǿһɽҪԽ˫ɽֽ˲١
֤ſ϶˵
ǲԷɽղԹֻҪϷУһɴ赲һѡһɽ
˵Ҳһж
лл㣡ʵǿһȷɽҵִɽɡ
ЦвףԼҲߣΪλ㵹ùҲɷ裬Լȴ޷쵽
ҪһߡΪҶðգҲԲһΣաעѶˡ
¾Ȼ˵
ðɣһɽˣǿѡ棬Ҳдء
һΪ֪׵ĳ֣ԻԸ죬Щ͸˵ʵлǵĻᱻ˿Լʵݡ
ʦﻰҶ˼ȻǰǾҪʦܹѣʦһ˲УҵȷУʵ̫ˡʦܣǳɣ
˻ش
£ǰִɽҲδذȫ˺һȫķʽΣգҲ໥Ӧԣ˲Żѡ
˼ѯ׼Խʯͷ곯ɽǰʱһĺâͻȻ˵Ϸ
ֻһۣâǸղϮԼĺâвɴ󾪣Сģ
˵ͬʱһץס˸֣Ȼ󽫷ɽ֣Ѹٵӿֳһâ
챳ԲóԲηâȴû¶һ㣬Ȼžʯ·ǵâṥһ㡣
ǵâֵĹ켣ƫбǡó˵ķϮȥûü˼âΪֳԼѾĳϿնһ
µһʶģȫķââȴǹĴ͸˹µĽֱķâ֮С
ֱ̫ˣǽֻǷâȻ˿޷赲ĺâ
вţǵâֵĹ٣ʧĸ죬꼻һ֣˾һƳĴ
ûиоʲôʣ
еʵ֪ǺâѾڹµĿΧʧˣǰĳһģһ
һ˲ãȻΪǵâ͸ģȻԼʧˡԼûĸо
û£뵣ģ
΢Ц˵һֱֻǣſϵʯͷ꣬ڸղնһΧֱʯɡ
ͬʱɻˣ֪ǺâΪֻϮˣ۾˼븡㡣
ڷӦ뵽һܣвɴ󾪡
֮УֻԼ븡ܵ˺âϮûܵâϮֻҪһȷԼǵĲ
ߵݣڴʱܵâĹƺָķӦƺԼ屾ݣĳ϶ԣԼγأ
ʯͷʱǲͣˣǿɽɣ
ǣŹµֳɽżٱС
һۣزסеɻƺЩâһ˽⣬ĺ£Ҳûϸ룬ǳɽŷȥ
ʱͻȻ͵һȦȦҫĹâΧ֣ЩʯͷȻڿ׹Ĺȼ
ԭʯͷ꣬ڴʱ㻯˻ʯ꣬ԽȣΪʯͷɻʯĿԱڲٿء
ΧʯͷȼʱһӴɿѹ£ϾڶʯͷȼգٵĶγЩ΢Ӱ졣
Ȼǻ
аϲԼԻоЩʯͷܶԼκӰ졣


1248 
컹ѡڿзУٶȱ˱еٶȿ첻˶٣ǲĸǰˡ
˫ɽɽſԶȴǼΪңԶǰеĹУЩʯҲԽԽǿ
ʯͷɫϵı仯ţ˻ûִɽ֮ʱȻѾϽɫ档
ػ£¸赣ǻвȴЩѿΪҪǵصʯͷҲһ㣬ǵصĻ棬Чȫһôܣǻǳ˱ƽ
˻ٵһڻ֮дУƺںȻȻ΢ЦĳǰǰС
˵Ϊֹô˵ʵΪ⡣ֻʯͷȴǹ֮ԽǰǻʯԽ
˵ִɽʱѾڻɫôֲĻʯв£ѾԵɫ԰ףϾֵЩҪĲٵ
һ·֮ϣʯͷ̶ܼЩʯͷγɵķΧͬʱСЩʯǡôĽ˵֡
ʦܣЩԽԽǿҵҪɽܻḶ޴Ĵۡ
Ц
պûͷƵȻʱŷ֣ԭʦʵȻǿֲѹ£ȻһҲԻҡ
˵СС棬ֹҵȴصľģʦ֣ʦ㣬׾ˣʲôֶλǸϽʹУǿǻ֮Ī
Ȼ˵ƳһۣȻһ̬ܵԸֻ΢ġ
ʦܹȻ㣡
Ц΢΢䣬һ׹֮У׹໬壬沼˹ӵĻơ
ȻǴ˵еıٻ񣡡
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ķ
΢΢Цֱٻķ̫⣬ʱǡٻ񡯾ȻڿһΪͬʱס
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Ȼĵͷ¶һĨ΢΢Ц⣬˷أǰɹͨ
Ȼ£ȻǺη壬⡮ٻ񡯣ʱҲʯ֮ɴҲͬûʯѵ
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˵ʱѾ͵͵⵹Ǳһ
ΪΪԾܹʯ˳֮УȻҲһܵĵʯö𺳲ѡ
Сٻ񡯣ҵû֮Ҵ̶ѨĪҪСʦĵӣûһʵһ·ͬУ
ʴԼҲ˵ĻƺЩ⣬ΪʱԼݼͬʱҲ
ȻĶһۣĿһͬʱ̾û뵽ʦĵӾȻ̶̰Ѿҵһϸ£ҵǲ֮
˵ĻЦԾһۣ룬֪ʵʵҲֻǸ̾ɣ
λǿʯİΧɣʲôԺеʱ˵
ٵ˵֪ԶʧΪ˲¶ʱ˵Ϊ
еĻʯΧСȻǻʯȴڲӣľʯڿбѾڣǿٶҲƽ˲ѹ
κһԽĳּޣôԾԿȡʤ
ǶԻ츳ǿҲһֱǿһ˻Ұ׻ĹǿȣôԼҲұ֤ܹƬ档
䣡
ѸٵķڴʱԳΣ֮ʵıȴָ޷֮С
¡¡
һҵıը˫ɽƺһҪըˣһǿƴɽ
ǿߣ
ͬʱӿͷҲ۾ɽ˽Ծ֮ʱɽȥʲôҲûֻǸܵǸԼɢӴϢ
յĻѾӵ൱ӵеǳɫ棬ֻԲ߿ɶԸġ
֮ǰͻһµĻΣֻҲܵ޴ѹ
ǿĻ棡
¼ĻâڣʱҲܵǿʯͷ
ٻ񡯵âƺһЩ˻УˣҲ¶֮ɫϾҪ⡮ٻ񡯣ҲҪķһ⡮ٻƺҲЩֵסˡ


1249 
ǳɫ棬ǿԴɱӵзߵʱȴ˫ɽǿķٻҲЩ֧š
ʯͷķΧεˣǻʯͷܶҲԽԽ󣬷Ļ淢˻˻Ҫһ

һıըɿдٻĻԿš
ٻһӵԵķʱֵΧĻǻΪųʾĹٻ񡯣Ҫķݻ١
˵ɫ䣬Ŷ˴ݣÿÿΣʱ̱ڶԿʱδ·磬ʱĸоȴʮ⡣
˵ǰٶȼ߲࣬ʱȴȫǰ
âѾС߳߷Χǻ޷Ļâ֮Уһݵ
ʦʵȻɲ⣡
а̾ƾһɽֵ湥ʱ˶پѡ
ǰǰ֧ţ⵹ӣСʦǰö˲òˡ
Ҳܵ˲ٵѹʹɽֵ֮ȴǻԼȥһֱΪԲŻôǿĻ֮мȥ
еĻγһеĽƣΧڼСȴǡôĽС
ʱѾɽ֮ΧѾһƬ𺣣븡֮⣬˽ڵͿ֮С
ﵽǳɫƺҲڼˣֻǻܶȴĹС
ǿܼĻ棬ҲľѣƾĶۣеĻҲܹͷųȴھȫ£ԷʩչԶ̹СƶԷ
֮УΣµȴˣΪǡٻѾϵķЩǿƻ𽥱ݻ١
ಣ
ڴʱһѡ񣬵ٻγɵĹâٵ½Ѿڵ֮ϡ
Χǻ𺣣ҪֱǰѶʵ̫ѡ˽档
Ҳͬʱ֣֮ǿͻȻһߡ
ͻȻͬʱ־裬֮ʱҲѾˣλǰҪĵ̫࣬ʦĶݵأݱܻ
ûü˵ʲôѾʩչݵǡٻγɵĹâҲ˲ʧڵ֮ϡ
ݵأѵݵغ㲻ܻ湥ˣ
аʣǴݵһأƱز׵©
ֱӶݵرɴ˫ɽôЩֵľѻͬ裿
зٵ˼ţȴǲͣǰµĶͷѾϸܵĺ飬ķػ£ȻܵΧĲСӰ졣
ųĬ˫۾㱻˵һ㣬ҡҡͷʾⲻҪ׶ݵء
ȵ˶ݵغͻȻʧȥ˶˵ϵ˽º󣬻ȫʧһ㡣
ãԷĿıǽҵȷɢȻһһԸ
ѵ˽Ųͼӽ
ЦЦΪʱ˼ѵĻҲҵģΪݣԲϣڴˡ
ҲͷһͻȻӿֳһɻںޣû뵽˵Σգ֪Լͻѡֹ˫ɽ֮ˡ
ң˴ңôΣյϣǶ˲Ҫ£һεġ
µǵ˵ʱİȫ
Ǻǣ
ȻͬʱһЦЦĬʮ㣬ֻڴʱ˿ЦδЩʱˡ
Ȼˣȴֶޱȣһǰơ
¹ֲ㣡ҵȼ֮֮ҵҪʶһݵһصʲôֶΣ
һְȻ˵Ŀɽ΢΢ıء
ǰ֮ԣ˵ȴһۣȻͷҲ¶һͬĪЦݡ
ǼԴļһͷȻЦ
ɽһ͸һݵԹ
±Ǹҵȵģ֪Ϊݶ¶ⷬ͵Ϯѵöô
ףм˵еʯͷôܼȴ޷ͨĻâ
ɶ񣬶ԸȣϷõ͵ϮǺˣ챨Ϸ²ն֮
䵭жһ˿ŭ
ֻδˣ
˫ɽ֮Զ󣬶֮ڴʱ
ңԶľ룬˵ΪͣȴԿ˵ò
Լ֮䣬һɫӰӣͻһɽȼһ㣬Ǳֳεġ


1250 
ָնɱ㿪ʲôЦǺˣΪʲôҲն֮
һЦǼ֮еĳöԷѿԼԷ
ȻѾ¶ĴأôҲԱһսȻҪսǱǵˣڵˣֺأ
ԶԶŻ֮󣬽ü΢΢һ£ƺѾ֪ǰѻ֮˭ˣֻȴǸ֪˭
ɶСӣϷҲ֪ȻҲҴ룡ѵĳûи˵аĹ𣿡
ɽ֮˱ıףڴɽ֮вϵĻصš
ԣŭЦʱڿˣɱǰĴࡣ
ɽ֮˷ŭͬʱһֱ˵Ļʯȴڴʱʧ
˷ŭˣ˫ɽȴֳƽ˵ͷϿգͨĴСʯͷš
ǿĻɢȥ󣬲ʯͷȻϢڿлΪҽڵĵطƮŨŨʯۡ
һԻƿң֪Ѿﵽʲôʵˣ
аԲ²ΪصһβǿĵˣȻȴֻԼһԸˡ
ΧĻʧŽ˷âֽ
аʲôòĴδ
һ˵ȻᣬȴӲаĶ䡣
Ҳ࣬Ȼƾǿ֮һ
֪аǺˣȴжţһڸոռһԪʱаѾھݳѾˡ
¸£
аŭЦʱĴǿڳ֮ˣк޲ý˲˺ΪƬ
ػ˫ɽǻа񣬰ҪǾǽڴ˫ɽնɱڴʱΪԷԿûҪ񣬻аҲ˶Է
ϷɣʵѾ׼֮һս׼
ʱƱزսʱ֪ټܹԷһսҲֻ빫¡
֮֮
Էһսֺӳ±ҲǸ첻£زµˣеķɽѾʼĲƺѾҪʹ˵Ѫ
úãϷˣǶϵǿߣϷǳѿ֮ܣǾʵǰɣ
˵ͬʱаѾʧԭأѾ빫±ڿս͡
Ϻһףͨ徧Ө͸Ө⸡һӵǿķ
ʱڴʱˣ˰ʱǻаٴδ
˫ɽǾ޴ޱȣԷȻôʱŸϵȻҵԶľ룬ΪοʩչǿĻ湥أ
зţΪҲó֪̫ңԶľ£湥ĺѴﵽǿЧ
һ󷨵ĸôԶľ룬οʩչǿȵĻ湥
ɫĿǰϵĽսѾǿ
ಣ
һߴĳ˵ǰ಻һǧɡ
Ǹаһ׻ɫսһֳִӣһ״ֵķɽǰ˻ʯͷ
֮⣬ͷͬպĸ˿ͷƤϣƤȻҲǻɫģԵγѪϳ֮ӣһ˫ƺҪɳۿǺ촽ţ¶˴׵ݡ
а˳ľͬһŻ棬аʮ㣬һǸƢļһ
аЦȻŶԷ
аһһͣϡ
ߣһҲҪңﵽһΪҪ̽Է䣬Ͳʵ
߶ԣʵǸ˵ʲô⣬ʱ˽˵ò䣬ꡣ
ǿ֪ݵһأһôͽΣգ
аЦ˵˵ƻȻɣϬͻһȺˡ
аƾˣķںͽ£Ƹ޷
ǻаҲֻ̼ߺ˵ķݡ
ͷѣҵȻ֪ݵһء
ŲæЦ˵޾Է
СӣҪ񣡾ɽʹߣҲûвʸϷмҪʵش𣬷򣬺Ը
аټٵ˵ǵĺһһģҲѾˡ
л˵ƨͷţ
һν̬˵Ѿ͵Ц۽ǶЦˣǻаҪɱ
ֻΪ˫ɽЩػҪѭģƢĻаҲΥԼԼ

аչ黹ûܹеŭ͵ķŭƸ񱩡


1251 
ǰĶ֣Ѿһ뷨ǾѸײڶ֮ƹԷ
ʱ˽δչԣǾѵĻᣬΪķֱںڡ
аľֻǧңͨҲǺңԶľ룬Ȼڸֶԣ벻ֻ˲ɵִľ롣
а˵ĻѾ˶˼£ѾԵЩ
ΪʲôҾãӦأҵȻδ˫ɽĳС˰㣬Ϊһ˻ֽлаͺţǲǣ
ﲻݣң˵ıӣûаѾ̲ס
ԻаʵʱҪֻ˲飬аʱֻ뽫ץסȻΪ˵Ļڡ
˫δʩչԣаҲû룬ֱԱ֮

ѾһеĽ˳ƳǰĻӰնȥ
аĿȴµĽ裬һ
Ľڿײ¡ıըΪδʹʵԶ
ֻһ˲䣬µαѾ˳ȥֳֽ¶Է
ڲʹ£µʵΪǰ֤ԼʵԣȫΪ
ߣƾ㣬Ҳ赲Ϸΰɣ
аĺѸǣε˹¡
а̷Ŷóĸ֣սͬ˺ɫ
Թݣڻ淽Ҳһ裬ѡԻԻ
ߣͬߣϷĶ֣ͶϷ²նŮˡ
а൱м˵ûн·
µҲŨŨŭ⣬Ϊǿߣ˱ӹԵŭаҪбȴӮҡ
ߣϷмһսϷҪս˲㣡ֻŮ˱ĳСӣҽϷս𣿡
аȻĵһս֪Լǿʵ
ҲһսǵС˰ɣ
ȻԵ٩˵ȻһŮҲδشùҪսңƺʸҪ֪սҵ˴ûк³
ɶ񣡡
аϵĻڵĳ֮ߣ˱֣ƢѾ¶ɡ
΢΢һЦû뵽Ȼӻаǰ֣ŭδǺ顣
ڽս֮ʱǼŭԷҲּһֱõͷԣӶи꣬Ȼȡʤ֮һöԷսӶԼ벻ľ
ѾСʱһͼôܻ㼤ŭ֡
ΪΪ
ǰԼļƻƶսʱȽ߻أȻѰҶԷ
ܺãܺãϷڴعǧ֮ã쵹ǵһ˿ļһȳΪϷ°ܽɣ
аЦ徹ȻƾǴ˲٣ڴʱԭ֮һ
˲ԭڣԷʵԼĽ
СӦս
ѵе̫ĸ㣬ΪҲһǿߡ
һСĵģ
֣صĶͷаЩΪԷʵƺԼ֮ϡ
аɣ
аƢ꣬ʱȴзȵ˵ʵ˵зȣ˵û
У
ȵ͵ԭһתתȦһĽնа塣
Сѣ
аЦκܣǻӳеķɽһɫֱӭ˹µĽ
˫һʼչ˾ʵıƴκ̽ʽûУΪһ½ǿҲʮԡ
ڿзײֻһ󣬹±һ徹Ȼڿˡ
һ֣֪ûС
һ֮£κεĻΣȫǾʵıƴңа⽣ǿĻ潣
ǰĳϤΪ潣ˣһֱ飬ȴ˻а
ǲǻ״̬µľʵȻҪڻа
οھļ֮󣬻аʵԼĪ֮һһһ֮±㽫»ˣаԭأ¶мЦ⡣
µ˰ɣǻ潣סΣɫȴ¶Щ԰ס
״̬¾ȻԺͻаǰ֣·Ҳ˵츳ǿ
ͷа뵽
һбˣǿĹܣŭһȻѾΪӴı塣
ǰߵľ޴֮ʱаҲȻѣΪͨɫߣ൱ϡٵġ


1252 
󣬹µҲȸղ࣬͵ĳ
ã
ûǿеĹŹ֮аá
䣡
һʱ֮˿еϰǿеĴֱѹ棬һѪڣ⵹ǳһƿ
ߣҴݣȻǲ֪
аһҲû¶˿֮ͬġ
ȥ
µŭҲڵð޷գҲʹͶ
ಣ
µѸٵĳǰڵϼͬһ㣬һ޴β͵һתһڹµķɽĽаնȥ
аҲȻû뵽ԷĹȻ˿񱩣һԴֵǵ
ͬʱаѾչ˲ƣͻȻʧڿС
µʽҲ൱ᣬһβɨ󣬾޴ͷ­͵ĳСβ̳һȦβͼҲڿС
ಣ
аֵĵطǹµϷǿԷУиĽѡ
ʱҲң޴ͷ­͵ĺβѾԼٶֱӳеĻаȥ
аЦһеķɽٵնȻ˲뿪ԭء
˽൱ɺڵʵսԣ˲ƹ켣Ҳǿ໥̽鵽
ǣһԿĹѾչˣĽԲ֮ڶˣʱȴͬʯһһԹս
һս󣬶֮ڱսаЩͷʱĻѾصв˹¡
Ϊԭ򣬹»治аĽֻǻʵ̫ǿ󣬽֮ʮɣܹܵǿĻ
뽣ңսǿڹ£ҪսʤԷȷʵǳѶȡ
зţеķɽŽɫĹʣƺڴʲô
ԽԣʱѾ֪˵⣬ˣڴʱԵЩ
ԭҪ͵ϮҪںϷʵκ߶صв
ڴʱĿģɸоӼһ쬵ĸо鲻Խĺʮɡ
֣ҲܵĸоΣգǻаȴڵսУ˲δ쵽Σĵ
½սȴԽ·磬ΪԷĻ湥ʵֲ̫ˣǱǻ潣ΣоԼȼһ㡣
ǽеĵطʹ̣²Ѿʹϣǰƾ档
аͻڱԻǿƿأʱն潣Щ潣ӵ޼᲻֮նκεط˾ҵķӦ
ڵɽţʱѾۣЩʮɴµӴҲɽ֮ľ۽˻ԵĴ
µͻȻ˲СֱδСʱٶȸ죬ֻȴ޷ڿγɹЧ
ʱһһĹȥȴ򶨵һԣʱҲ¶֮ɫ
֪ǻ۵Ŀ֮ʱΪڵĹµİΣ׼ʱӦ
ڣǻаЩֵǿˣ͵ĻеĴ󴸣ʱһâͻȻǴϷ
׼˲ܣоͬʱϮͬʱԾȻһƬѣΣаá
ಣ
а˸Ĺâ֪Լ׵缲紸ǡû˶ԷǿͻϮ£ԷƱ޷ܡ
׵缲紸ǻаӰķԷϵϵһһرǿЧǾǿԽԷԵĻΡ
ֻЧаſԴݵĴܶԷ
˲Ϣ֮ڣݳ鶯һ£˵δӦ˲ܶ˵սɵԼŮΣʱܵ
Ϸ׵缲紸һñ
˵ͬʱаѾ˲µͷϷʱѾеķɽĳŹµͷնɱȥ
ɱ֮ģ
Ѿʱʱ˻аͼвɴŭ
ڴʱһȴס֣
ʮּ٣ȴ޷ֹаеɱ⣬ֻĳ΢ԥһ˲䡣
ಣ
ͬʱͻȻ˲ˣٶ֮죬ǻаҲɴ󾪡
ɷ
аʱﻹʱɱˣΪԷٶʵ̫죬Լʹʵᱻɱ
ס֣
Ǹˣͬ٣ȴ޷ֹеɱ⡣
Ϊһ˲䣬Ѿ˲ʱ䣬˵ס־סأ
ң֮ףʱͻɱ֣кܴĻɱԷ
ֺŷղſһѺ׼ԳȥԸаġ
ţԼٶ˲Ƶ˻аǰɽɢѾûа޴ɶ㡣


1253 
ʱķںϱʵԸаı壬ǾʵƣɱҲֻ˲֮¡
аźĪ鼱֮ɷʹ͵ĻӶ׵缲紸ͷϿպ
¡
׵缲紸ȫʹʱȻȺЧֻһҵĺ¡ӻаͷŴɢЩһ˲佫ɷΧС
Ҳδ뵽Էķд˵ȹЧѾ˲ƶǡýֵ
һ̸ֵоһδԼڴʱ޷ĸо
ⷨȻܹסҪ֪ʹ߲ʹʵ
а̾屻һ벻Ȼжˡ
һ£ûаɵˣԭһ׵缲紸еˣʵжôǿһҲϵѣʱ䣬ɶԷȴֻһӲ
ಣ
аɷҲһʱ䲻ϵļıٶȳˡ
ӵб츳ԵϵϵҲһĿԣԲֻһӲʱ䡣
ɽһɿֲĽֱеķɽն⽣ҲԽһƿء
ûʹ潣⣬һѾԼٶȳŻаıնȥ
аʱ֪ں޵ζУԷᡣ
ֻϧڴʱ£Ҫ̽ɷѸںϽ壬Ҫʱ䣬ǲںɷǶԷĶ֡
׵缲紸
鼱֮£аٴκȻǽͼԷסһʱ䣬ԼϽ
սȷʵܶˣֻȣʲôοа͵ϮҲδʹԼȫʵ
ߣ
У׵缲紸ʱ̣ҲͰӵʱ䡣
һʱﹻаûܣвɰԽп࣬ΪԼɷҲļѡ
ĽƫбնаĲӴʱͻȻһӰһȻа֡
ϣ
նͭǽϣȻǱѾʵ廯аС
ϧˣ
̾Ϣһ˲伲ˣֱ˵µࡣ
ѾȫȻ󽫷ںϽ֮ڣʱо꣬Ϊղű׵缲紸УԼϵѣʱ䣬ʱȣֻԼѾаɱˡ
ϵѡˣȻǺ޵ģΪǸŮѾϵΪһԼ֮£ʱǿɱаѾʮֲǡ
ӰٴһѾڻа֮࣬ȵʱȴһòɵŮӡ
ŮһɫսͷüëҲְɫһ˫͸ĺ⣬һϸǳޱ飬һЦҲûС
аôһͣҲ֪նһΣңýڴ˴ˡ
Ůһ˵ȱ˻аͬʱҲڱ
δ˵ֻǵȻһЦԷ˵ն񣬲˭Լ˵˭
ղţ˵ϧˣΪŮӵĵƾǻаԴαɡ
˵죬⿪ı
аû˵к£ȴҲԼеĸо
ðɣҲ˵㣡
Ůһֻ޳ڿнһӡȻ󽫵ֶ׼аǣǽʵʰıɢˡ
̫ˣ
а̾Ϣ޺޵һ˫˸ŭ档
ɷ
аղų˴ʱ̽ɷȫչ֣һչֱû뵽аȻҲӵоŵɷ
ŵɷѾﵽߵĴԲ磬ڷ֮ǰΪѾǿˡ
ڣвٷҲӵоŵ֮˵Ķ֣ܹȳ̶ȣ츳ҲԲȥ
ŮӵͬһɫķɽŵıԴ˷ɽʩչ
Ѿİ˵ȫںϽ壬ŷ˲٣ֻǿǻа׵缲紸ҲЩ
עҲڻа׵缲紸ϣķڶԷȫʩΪ£ֻ£ԼҲᴦѣμӵĴУˣԶԷʵԲؼļʱ䡣
ӵʱ䣬ս˵ʵ̫ˣԣʱԽÿϧǸղֱɱ˻аʱûЩˡ
һֱֻں˰˵ɷвɰ֣ƾʲôϻɳĮˡ
һʵҲֻ͵ͨˡŮӵʲôʵƺöԸа൱öԸ
ЩƣһʱĶ֣һս⡣


1254 
ŮϷǷһ飡ţϷỹģ
аõ˵
ˣ㻹ʲô飬һУԸġ
Ůƽ˵΢΢ȴһ˿ЦݣǸɽˡ
Ϸ˵ЩϷֻϲϵģ㻹ϷԶһ㣬ϷĻ㣡
аͷ˵ںϾŵɷʵղȫᲢۡ
ߣĻʲôҵĺ㹻ֵĻ档
ŮԹ˻аһۣϧаû񣬶ǽע˹µϡ
ŮӣϷղôûأ̫ʧˣ
˵а£ʱȴǶŹ£¶е
֮⣬аעϵķӦǡñľ쵽ˡ
ӴһҲǰһõıȻַ֪ʽ
аЦȴǺݣĿֱֱĶŮ
˱֣Ů빫ȴǸгԴˣ۴ɱԷ
ߣа׾ˣСסˣС˵ġ
Ů಻סеʧ䣬ѿڶֵķһ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
һۣ峺ӣǣеĴ˲ʧӰ١
аŮһۣȻգգۣ£ǹ˵С椻ƯСӣϷŮˣϷɣϷ֤˫ɽһأ֪Σ
ûü˵ϬѾ˻аûавɰⲻ˵Сӣ۹⾹ȻϬ
㿴ʲôãΨһֻܹ֤顣أҾΰˡ
׺Ц˵ûаȻ뱨ȴûȤ
ԲӦ䣬ĵȻûаΣаֵĻ֮ԶԼ֮ϡ
̻аʱŮݺԵĳ鶯һ£΢΢ſڣа˵Щʲôȴǲû˵
Сӣղ͵ϮϷһɵļһ
аڨڨ˵仰иӿһŭһŮʱϵԼһӢҲˡ
ߣҲ͵Ϯˣֻܹ֤Դˡ
ƽ˵͸һݵЦ⣬Цûаٴαŭ
ղϷ̫ˣڣϷԾŵɷԲֵܹġϷʱһս𣿡
аھŵɷں͵£һ޿ֵ״̬Ѿ˸ղһߵʹࡣ
׼˵ʱһֱŮȴ˵ˣаǲѾ˵ĳŵ
аң
аȭ˵¶еظС
Ȼˣ£
ŮɣаĲΥֻǶݺݵĶһۣȻ󲻸ĵ˵Ů
жŮҪȻаĸߣʵпܳа
ȼΪҪ˫ɽ
Ůʵ
΢ЦҲͬǣ֪һнҪԼӦˡ
ʲô鶼Ҫԭҵ봳˫ɽһԣ˶ѣûԭ򡣡
Ļش
ÿСӡ
а߷ߵܵŮĿʱæ͡
˫ɽΪǿĹؿ֮һҲݵһҪؿڣһԴ룬ҵȶعءǼΪףҿԸһѡĻᡣӴ˴˳δҲ
Ů֣µ˵һݵعâ
ٺһЦҡҡͷȴ˼ƺѾԥ
ﲻ֪´ʱ뷨޷ǲ뽫ԼΣ֮УȻѾˣﻹ˳ĻᡣȻԷ˵ҲǿЦˡ
ҲһѡĻᣬǲ赲ҵȵǰ·Ҳһ·
Ե˵Ѿ¶ĴأԲűֵ˼ᶨ
ŶǿһԪйϵһԪйϵҵȻһ棬ǹء
ŮޱȣϵҲ͡
ٴҡͷ⣬΢΢һЦŻشԷ⡣
һԪڱݣΪضǿţЩع֮ˣҲߵݣһ˵һԪڣǽòʧ
ߣǿɹ⻷ȥƭصô
ʵȻʩѯҵȽһԪ޹أʲôֶξʹɣ
Ϸ˵ˣǿ϶һԪڵˣ㵣ʲôԼְɣǸСϷϷҪζ
аЦղŵȻҲ˵ĻʧӰ١


1255 
ٺ٣
Ů¶һ˿Ц⣬ȴЦļΪ˲ɰԾ衣
аǸСӾͽԸһΣҪҪӦһ£ô
Ů˵
ߣϷôܻ䣡˵Ͳܷ
аŭĻƾշɽ֮ߡ
˵Щģ㣬ӦǲӦ
Ůֱӻа
ҲŮ򵥣Ը񣬷Ÿ˵ĸоŮȴ׺ݵǻаҲЩη塣
ˡһŮ̫ˣаŲԸ
뵽ʱ򣬻аʵʲôҪ˵
аɵ޿ɾҩʱ֪⡣
Կֵ̬š
ôҪ㷢ĽȢΪޣΨһӡ
ŮȻ˵һһٵ˵ģǻаߣҲû뵽Ҫ
ȢĸҹΪޣһΨһӣ
аĿɿڴŮһ뵽ɴ˸£ʵֲ̫ˡ
ܻаô룬ŮĻѾ˵ڣƱûзڵء
а㿼ǵôˣ
Ůʵϵı룬ȴԽ⣬ŮֲʶԼôܹԼעأ
ɲԻ飿
аĻŮɫ䣬û̷쭡
뵱С뱨͵ʲôҲû˵
Ůݺݵ˵˲䣬ǰ¶֮˽Ϊ֮̾
аʹ˳ǵϵЦ̸ı⡣
ãȻǶģǾһģϷϷӦ㣬ƾ㴦á֮ϷӮˣֵأ
а¶ģԴǵʵ
ˣǾƾ㴦ãӴԺ󣬲ԡ
Ůһҧ˵ⷬ
ǾӮˣϷƾ㴦ãϷӮˣҲƾϷãΣ
а֣˵
һΪ
Ů˵һۡ
Ǵģҿûκĵطе㲻ƽ
ΪƵ˵еɱ֮ⷴǰǰˡ
֪Ϊʲôʱ򷴵ظЩɰңлɱǣԼҲЩ²ˡ
ԨԴһԪھԨԴҲ˸һԪӡ
֪ҪʲôģӮ˻аҲ˱ᣬͨС
Ůŵ
֪ζʲôζֻҪܻаһˣŮ򲻻뵽սУҲ˵˵ʵƾձһ
аעŮΪ˵ŮԤʱ׼ʱ׼һΣһ׼ȷ͵ɣ
˵ƾ
ŮЦƺġ
Ѿָ㣬ȴǲвɰѵŮԼ֮ϡ
СӣʶϷʵɣϷҪⱰɵСķڷ
аЦνڵϣƺѾ׼ռݿơ
а̫ţղŮѾǰӹһ٣ڣȴôѵģҪˡ
ƽ˵ȴѸٵ˼Ӧ֮ƣΪǻае̫Ϭˣ׵缲紸ȻԽ˴ѣΣʵǲöԸ
СӣϷ˵㣬ǻǿԴģɣսɣ
аŭ˵սٵ
սս˭˭
ǺЦǲаս
Ů˲ˣΪаʱɢ̫ǿˣͣԭأһܵӰ졣
ҪСģһӮġ
¹ȻųˣҲ˺֮ң빫಻ԶǡиӦ
˵һսѾԱ⣬һֽŵڿӣ˫֮˽ǹעŶ˵һһ
ģаһʼչֳȫʱҲ
ŵɷĻаʵ֮ǿƽǿĵˡ
ԣѾڵɷں͵һļ£ԷչԿ
аԶ֮ǰھݴ˺պǧŹ˫ɽ
Իа츳һɷﵽʮʵ˵ѾﵽαİʮʵھŵûаʵٴһΪֲ֮Ȼǿ֮С
츳ȻаҪǿһֹһɷﵽʵĶʮɷ൱αʵһٶʮҡ
ˣ졣
˵а츳Ѿϼ֮ˣﵽľ硣Ӷ˵߱ԣԽ֮Զʤа
ǻаӵоŵɷȴҲﲻռݾƵľ硣


1256 
аαһٰʮʵһٶʮʵֻռƶѣһĽݣƽٴμС
Ȼ֪Է츳ΣԲɢȫԷԿ
ǧ֮ԶԵȴѾӿɢĸֶԣƱ㼸Ծʤ֣ΪʵһС
˵ɢŮٴκˣΪ˵̫ǿһսƱػγɾ춯صЧ
˫ɽǱ˲˽ƣǶսȻ޷й
аûоʩչɷлɻʱȴѾܵ˶ԷƾȻԼ֮¡
˫ڿѾγһֽ棬ӵоŵɷĻаֻռϷѡ
ʲôˣôӵǿʵѵҲǾΪľŵɷ֮ˣ
адΪ𾪣ҲȻҲûе뷨

ŮԶϾȻЦЦʵԽˡ
мɷ
аʵ͸ž֮ɫ
أ
й¶ԼĻܣʴ
ŵɷ
аɻȴ̽Ͼ֪֪˰սʤ
ߣҪоŵɷɱ㡣
а룬ȴû˵ֻĬȻĵͷ
ȻҽΪŵɷô츳϶֮£
аԳơϷˣΪĶ֣һԼһսʸĶ֡
սǰаȻϲЦտ˸ղŮĴġ
ˣá
аһ󰮺ñսսԼʵĶ֣ܲã
ԶһЩԭԷʵҲˣǽζԼʤʻ١
Ѫƽ顯Ѫ䡯ڶֶΣ׼Իаʩչ
ǱľУڼΪΣյĴ£ǲʩչġ
µ츳Ȼܸߣ׵缲紸ǲС
̩Ȼ˵Ѿ˼˶Ըּܵİ취
ԷĻ棬޾壬׼ԻԻ𣬿ԷĻûԼĻҰɫǿˡ
׵缲紸缼Ӧڵ׻ʲôĽҲݲ
ҵ֮ϣûʤκϣǸĸҹҪڲˣ
аĿЦͬʱƾȻҲ
˵˭ĸҹ棿
Ůŭȵ
˰ɣ
ҲɴЦаЦа
Ȼ˵㣬Ȼ˵㣬Ǿ͵˵ˣҲûҪˣҴûʸǰƢˡ
аֳЦ⣬˵ηŮȷʵè˵ηŮһҲûŮ
ŮֻҡҡͷѾµ˴𰸣ֺڴʱƽأ
аδҵĶ֡
Ц˵ƺǿ˲٣ڶԷǿѹ£·硣
аһٴμгֶȥҲη֮Կ
˫ƶԿһҲսɣΪǵһһܹռƣսвŻ׵ռ
аչ黹ռƣȴ޷ﵽаҪĽ
ռƣԷȴûԵ˿ңзɽһᣬǹɻȻɵķرûаͷ۲ѡ
һ˵ķشﵽʲôľ磬ʵ򵥵ĶԿǶԸֶԣһΪԡ
һϴѧ˲٣շɽǿʱһһʽһһ޲͸һǰİлȻɵơ
ɹ˿أ
ƣȻͬĵһǿصľѡ
ھϣǴ·ģķɽȴԽ·֡
ɽڿ͵һһӴƴӷɽǡôĽת
а֪ЩƲĶʵǶ޵Ľ򣬲˵շ硣
˵ڿȻײʱѵڶ˵м䣬㱲˿ռѺһ㡣
а̲סŮһۣаٷְٵΪʵǳԼ֮⣬ҲԲ񣬱Լڰߵľء
ľ;˺ܶ㾳磬ﵽľ磬ʱ򣬲ûȳֵ뷨ԣͬһɽԭأĵȴŶԷȳ֡
аҲǷ֮ʱѾЩߣԽΪƽ֮С
˾ͬʯܵĵһ㣬ɽʯ֮ϣ֮Ŀ򲻶ϴֲı
֮䣬Ҫô֣ҪôɱԶڵʵҪôԾʵʤҪô˭ǿ


1257 
վһ໥֮ҲиӦҲ֪ǵڶٴΪȣŵ
˵˵ʧ״̬ǹºγأֻĿи˼ֳԵɣеĳݡ
ŮϺֳ΢Ц⣬ԭȴΪЩ΢ЦԵøΪޣء
ԣչҪˣɣ
Ů˵λи͸Īĸо
ԣɣ
аԣ͵һ𣬿ʵŮʡ
ʱֶĻаȻɢѪĹâѪâԼӡ
ԲҲ١
аҧȵԼŮһۣȻǳһЦһЦȻȴЦȻδЦ⡣
ĺȻһսӻаϷɢǿҵսƺҪһУΨҶİ˶еᵽˡ
˾ս񣬾Բܸ㣡
аһһٵ˵Ǽ͸ݵȻ
ս񣬾ս񣿡
ֱӱ뵽ȣ˵ԷսԿ
ǣֻǵȻһЦЦ̹ȻͬӤ㣬ЦȻ
˵ЦѾչ˸ԵĳľԱ£ľԵĸֹ߳һ
ս޲ʤս޲ʤ
аŭ˵ٴŷĻǡ
Իа츳սʽΪǿǿʵ֣ܶһΣͬ⡣
аĺոսеķɽѾ֣һĽ֮ն
һϵĳ֣а㽫Ļ뽣֮УһֽϬ
ˮͣ
һɽѾָаǷɽɢĽҲֱӭжȥ
˵Ľ٣еȴǲݺӣֻ䡯һĽصײһ
ұƴʵߣ
а΢΢鴤һ£аط̵Ц⡣
аʵ
ĻʱѾʮ֮ңɴصЦ⡣
һ֮£̼ԣаʵʤһ
ףôԵֵס潣Ĺ
а֪ԼռһƣȴռݾƣڸղŵĽУԼĻ潣ȴûӰ쵽Է
ͬʵߵֵ潣һҲȴΪǻҪں˻ĽΪֲ
аһܵУԴŮ֤ˣȴȽԲžЩ֡
Ц⣡Ҳش𣡡
Ц˵һ֮ѾԷˮˮǳԵĲ࣬ԷҪԼȫʵҲԶҲûлˡ
ҪԴҪСˣҪô޷ֵҵʽ
аŭЦı飬Ȼٴμɽӭ
Ƿɽն֮ʱаϵĻ澹Ȼͬһ˲ȫʧˣɽΪͨѪ֮
ʲôù죡
аСƶԷȻӳһԷ
潣
аһеķɽ͵ĳǰնһѪ콣ȻɲǼ䳯ȥ
ƾƣԱȸղŵĹҪǿһֹ˵ǽ˵ȫǻ湥
潣Դ˲İΪҲܹʹû潣ȴûжԷȻ潣뽣˳̶ȵĽϡ
ȷˣȴڻаĽ£ԼȻܵĸоΣյϢ
ã⽣ǿ󣡡
аһĻ潣ԼϮԼĽѾԷĽȫ
ٺ٣
аһڴʱǵѪ콣ֱϮؿڡ
Ůɫ䣬ͫ˲ŴҲֹס΢΢ĲͲ֪Ŵ󣬷һ֮
֮෴빫ȴͲںһ㡣
аԻƿز֮£뽣֮еҲɰ
Ի⣬㷢潣ȴҲﲻаշĿֲ
ǻ潣ȻֳЧһ˲ıֹаĽһһ¡촫ս׾Ȼ޷ĽȻڶԷĻ潣±ѡ
潣ֱֺӴ֮Уǽս׸Ϊǿˣǻ潣Ǵ̴ķֱ֮ڡ
һʯ쾪ĹֻаʵǿͻϮ£ɽʯ֮ϻǧ֮ңĵֹ⻹Ϊɽɽʯ֮еԵʡ
һĨɫѪҺؿڣǽγɵ͸ĹʹҲ˲ƽϢġ


1258 
һֱһصƣǽսףǿֻ±ǻаɱĿԻӡ
ǻаʵǿ󣡡
һֳַɽʯͷ֮УɫԵЩ԰ףѾ˽ɫѪҺ
ɫѪҺ
ŮаȻͬʱʧ˵˵ıƵģǻаǱ֮оȻкĪ֮ɫ
Сӣû°ɣҿɲҪһɱ㣬ǧˣ
аƵ˵˫üšһţı顣
Ůݱ仯㹻ľʣоȣоϲеǣ־֮ɫ
˵زأ
±ʮ㣬ȴ̲סеʵ
ĪҪģҵͦӲģҪһɱңȴǾܡ
Ļ󣬻аŮһ
Ůô죬˵ǸɱǸ÷أ
аЦҡҡͷ⼬ֵ׸Ů
ǽɫѪҺŮҲʱû⣬ӵнɫѪҺ˿ɹغһ˵˵汲Ƿġ
ԲӵнɫѪҺߣˣħ֮Բ֮ΪС
Ů֪ڽɫѪҺ飬˵ഫȻһֱһֻǴ˵ǵ˵ʱȴŮаͬʱԵЩ֪롣
ͷѪҺ⣬ȴΪ⹦Եʣδ̫⡣
ʱԷΪ֮̾˼룬ɫѪҺӦǴĳݰɣ
ʹĸоֻһӲڵǳ֮Ѿָоֱǳָ֮֮ܿԭе״̬ڶԷǻ潣вٷԼڣǡñɡ
ؿڵ˲ɼٶȻָţǽսҲڶݵʱȫָûа̲ס
ӶѣƱ漣ȬˣøղźõĻаŴ֮ͣмһ󼦵
㾹Ȼû£
аһγֽ͵״̬ɴ۾޲ÿеܡ
Сѣܹʲô£
˵ȴǻŸղŵĸо˲䱻ԷĻ潣Ʒĸоĺܡ
ôأŮ취
аչûŮסʱѾԵЩƵġ
һԣһѵ߲ɼãѵȡҲ
ŮоһڻǶ¾ģĶԻааʲôôСеģҵΪ˫ɽְѵԼˣԺɵȢΪޡ
һ䣬аӣæͷٴλָԭеİԵơ
£ֻԣ˼ܹңҵԻͨУˣǾͱȥˡ
аЦе˵ȻԵЩ
ֻ֪ԼѪҺչڶԷǰʱԷȻƺԼɵ
ҾͲ֪ɫѪҺĺ壬ھݣƺδ壬еҲ߶ѡ
δŻش𣬶Ѱ˼һȻÿɷĵͷ
ãҿ˵ˣֻǱԣ
адϲԼ᳹׵ĵӵнɫѪҺˡ
£Լһ·Ϊߣ붮õһԭ
ŮҲ˿͸ɻĹâô޷֪̽еܣŮҪԣȴҲ޷ĵϸ
ǲ⣬֮еߣҵȻһҲ㲻ĹȥڣδҪˡ
Ů˼ţеĺҲƽȥ
аеսٵܵһӰ죬мɵݣȴֲ䣬ΪŮԼ
аɣ˼ʲôɱҵģ
򶨵Żа̩Ȼ˵ѵʵµĶ֣ȻϣԷȫʩΪŶԼһĺô
ãҪСˡ
аȳѵȻٴξ͵ĽĻɽ֮УһγɵĻ潣ʤǰ
Ѫ
ĬĬʩչ̱һȦâ֣θƾǴ˼Ȧ
ʹѪоԼѾԷĸӽˣֻԷǱʮĻ潣϶֮С
潣
ȵɽ̱֮ǳɫֻ֣ԷĻ޼
ԭҲó
аǰͻȻһͷ·𿴵һ㣬Ͼھݴ½ܹʹõԼ̶ֳȵģ
ԻĳЩҲȻаǿ˲٣ǽ뽣ֶȴҪϲ٣һ㣬ӹɡ


1259 
аԻ츳ģһл滷ƣǵõɵص꣬аԻղŴﵽĳ̶ȡ
˶ԣаȡõĳɾѾǸ߲ʣԣа츳ԺԲơ
ֻǳɫ뵽˽֮Уں϶ȵǲаܹﵽĳ̶ȡ
ˣķɽγɵʽע˲ƽƽһƽѾڴʱʹó
ͬڱݶԻ潣ƿأǶײһγɵƺҪɽΧɽʯ¡Ӧһԡ
¡
˽µĴӦǶŻ潣ڿз˾ҵıըҲͬʱˡ

аŵ̳֮治ɫҲ̾аԻ潣ƿء
Χ˸ǰզ࣬Ͼ˵Ļ潣ĽҪ˺ܶ࣬ԣ˾ȵԭڡ
˶ݵ£ȻаȻ棡Ϸֻֿ꣬ҲδܹаԻ棡ǸʲôĹﰡ
ѿڶϵıʮĹŹ֣⣬ȴҲûڴʱעϵıŹ֮
а۶ԻƿأȷʵҪǿ࣡
Ȼ˵жԻам
ѶԻƿҲҽ֣Ҳƽ֮ƣ
а˵кЩû뵽Լ֮ãȻռϷ硣
аɣ룬㲢ҵĶ֣
Ȼ˵ʮԵơ
аһʱԵò˿嶯ֻƽ۾ƺͼ
ֻʵʹشˡ
аֻǰȻ˵
Ȼǣ㻹ǳʹĿұɣûлʤˡ
ͬȻһɫսףֳַɽһɽʯ֮ϡ
һԡ
аЦ⣬ΪѰҵ˿ԼڻһµĶ֣γһأ
ã
˵ȴǲ˿⣬һֳֽѾ鹵ͨ׼ĹС
ն콣ǼƷɽ⼫Ʒɽ֮ѾӵԵĽ顣
ܹĹӽһʵ
ܹҲŽ鱾ʱҲЩ಻סˣ͵ķһĺ
ն콣ϵĻ˲䱩һ࣬Լ䣬һƤСڻ֮Ϸ
Ȼǽ飡
аĺеķɽ͵һ֮ǽȻҲﵽ˳ɱӵЧ
ѹ֣Ի˾ͨӵлԵĽ飬Ⲣ⡣
аš
˵츳һչ֣ΧնӳĵĸΪˡ
ͬһʱ䣬֣ļʿ̫СˣǻаĽƺϵһ㣬潣ǿ
ڣͬʱŷĽҪƽΧһ飬ʱҲֻзɢ룬򣬱ᱻ˵Ľ
ܺãιȻû
Ů¶ǳǳЦ⣬ı˪
һ屻޴ʮ֮ԶаȴȻԭأͺ˿δһ㡣
ಣ
а֪ԼռЩƣЩȴսʤ̷˵ڶԷ
Ҳûϵʹʵ»޷ռ˿ƣԷĵڶֻоȫӭС
˵սڱֲĽʱոΧ飬Ƭľֱӱɶ룬Ȼ㷢žȼЩʯͷͬͬһմȾϻҽֱӱΪ顣
Ϊڴ˵زܹУԼĹƣǻаҲռˣͬڵս
ƣÿһν棬֮Уһƶβκв
˫ʽԽԽ죬ǿĹƣ˵ĽҲϾĽսˡ
ֻһƬƬڿڣ̲ϵϿӿ֣֮⣬˵Ӱѿ
־ս⣬״̬£ڵĽͣǶԷҲʹĻΪʹ
ս֮У֪ɶԷһ㣬ȴ߿ȻⲢ˵ַѣҪȴǺ˻ִ⡣
ڵһ˾൱һ޴ʯս֮еĻȫԼٶսڡ
㲻ΪɵԵʣĵҲԲ̫࣬ڵĵԡ
аһ֣֪ܣֻսʤǲŲϵķͼȡõơ


1260 
սһȥԵ˵Ϊڶ˶ԣʮ֮㣬Բڶ
һĴ֮УһԭȻԼΪ֮ΪԼյûڴʱʹԼ
֮ǰаҲЩͷˣһֱռƣȴʼ޷شԷûае
׵缲紸
аͻȻȵѶԷΪӵнɫѪҺԣаŻ˿ǻˣаԻͻȻ⡮׵缲紸
Իаġ׵缲紸׼ˣڴʱȫԵòŲæ
¡֣ʱ̣аеĴͻȻ⹥γɵĹǡýС
ĺȻһɽɫһܲ͸ǽ
缼ܣ
а鲻Խ˵еġ׵缲紸΢΢һ¡
ԭȻЧ
аϲû뵽ǡÿԵֵԷġ׵缲紸
Ǻ츳
аԵ޵еķɽ˲䳯նȥ
һΣаѾ׵ĲΪԼȫΪҲαҪԷˣⲢǲܵ顣
Է׵缲紸Ҳջ
аһѾʼʹ˲Ƶļܣ⻹ǻаһʹ˲ƣǲСӣ̽Է˲ƹ켣ʱ׼ӭս
ڶ˼ս֮ʱͻȻʯͷжݳ֮ǰʧٵˡ
ͷġٻѾԵЩ֧飬ǡٻ֮ϵӨȻҫţЩ֮ۿɼٶȻָš
Ļ棬ҵȵġٻ񡯣
˵۾̱ڿеĴս
ʮ֮һۣ˱ͬʱȵʦܣҵǰһ֮
˽ʦ壬ȻڿͷϳƺʦܣֻǶԼѡ
кչ¶ŨŨЦ⣬ƺϵ˻ƽأŶˣв²Ŷ˸ղŵʲôΣա
ѣҪСˣҵĻ
аѵ͵˲ƿҲûڴʱ׷
Ѿͬʱķȥͷ֮ġٻԾ˵ٶȻָš
ಣ
һֱŮȻΣվ˻аࡣ
һһս֣Ҫ֣Ҫʹҡ
Ů͸һĺ⣬ˡ
˭
ͬʱʵʱҲСŮ
аƺ˵ļ룬˫͵ĶſһӣһɴȻ
ʱ洦ȴ¡ı֮ĺȻµһ澹ȻȥʯͷĵطȻγ˻ҽ
ҽ֮ϣ˻аĻ棬Щٵĳаۡ
ȻʹضĵаҺܾȣ
Ů΢壬ۻазгζ
ǺǣҲûа취λѵʵ֮£ȥֻҲֻʤʲжԼҵԸ
аǺЦĻȴһǡ
ŶԭаҲһ֣ղҽսͬʱҲͬʱս
Ϊ𾪣ĿӻаϵĻڷʵı仯
˴ʱҲʶˣղžȻаһֻսжʱѡ
ɶ񣡸ĪҪ۸ҵûкֶΣǲ½ҵʹֶˡ
ߵ˵Ҳ
죬Цһǲ˵һ仰ȴҲܹ֤еĹ°
˽Բͨߣȫʵһʼȫչ¶Ҳ²͸⼸˵ʵжǿ
Ī˵˵ʵҲȻǸܡ
а˶ԼмɿЦˣʵ̫ͨϷ򷽲ǷһСΪϷĵ£л𣿡
˵սʱͣ״̬УϵսȴǲŸոտʼҲԽԽҡ
Ǹ֣˭ܷ˭
ΪһԪںĵӣθǰսʵǷ֮һڻǹ׾ôڻбôá
£ĪҪͣ¸ҽҶ˵ս𣿡
ŭ˵Ҳڴʱʼɢ
еķɽ͵һж֤Լ̬ȡ
һгΪ͵ƣϺ⣬ûָղսĵҲò˶ãԼָ۷״̬
ажǲмģϾΪһѾõǰ˶ʸԼһϸ£һѾûаоˣˣûаԿ


1261 
ЦаǶˣðɣһϰɣϷһ֮Ը
аĻ͸һִŵĿָоѡ
ռԷˣһȻȴǿƣ𾪡
ʱͬʱţ˵ЩƵģԷֱ̫СԼˡ
£̫Ϊ޵ˣҪ֪ˣ죡ҶʦֶԸ㣬ǼֱǶҵȵ裬ҲǶʦŵ衣
ָ̽Żа˵Ҳ΢ԵЩ鴤ҵţսףҲβסĵãؿڴһһµŭı֡
˵ĵһ˲аսһа˿̡
аҲκ˸ԼʱȴܶԷ˵뷨һ뵽ŮԼ侲˲١
ֻͨԭأʵڰԻָʵ츳ʱȫָղĵʵˣ˵۷оѵá
аĪҪԴͷˣһ㲻ǵĶ֣˸ղźԵĲ׾ˣǵʵҲ֮£㻹ǰһսˡҪ˽ӭս
ŮЦаһξ룬ޱˣƺʱ׼һս
ŽĿעӵŮϣԲ²Ŷ˵ʵ
Ů˼ܣλʦ֣ʦɲʲôͨߣŮҲδǵĶ֡
ͻȻЦʱ޷ʱѡ
ʦܹˣ
ͬʱЦܹõеΪãΪһֱʦ塣
ŮͻȻ΢΢̣ƺʲôƺģѵҵ츳սеҪԣǺǣɲҪʧһҪܻа
첲գŮĻԣаλΣֻܹЦһĻͻȻڱ仯ɫȻתΪһֹɫ档
аϵѪ棬ǵӿҲɫĻ棬ֻںһ𣬾Ȼγһֻ档

аҲɾɫԴԳ֮⡣
ԭаָǿĻ뵽Ȼʵı仯һɵĻâСһ࣬ǻȴǿһֹ
ʵǿݲУϾ沢ȫսһﵽһˣǽֱвߵԣһζűεߡ
ɫ滹ת֮У˵۾ԵɵˣԶԶڷŭ
ܹܵɫ֮󣬱ȸղĻҪǿ࣬ˣƾҲûսԷˡ
һȱʧ˵ҲֻǲģΪ޷ӦԶԷĻ棬ǾζһսԼһھ֮С
аϲϲĻڽˣҵĺҲ޷ȫĻˡ
ŮȻһ󣬻¶ǳǳЦ⣬ϾԼаһӪġ
аϲĻ
ǣʱҲֵأδԵ̫зˡ
Ȼ뷨ԷĻѾˣ䵣Ҳǰ׵ģƽһС
ַܹȵһҪԭǵȻΪӵиĻҰ׻棬ѷɫڻаɫأ
ңаĻ治ǸոսѣȶԶԣԲܹﵽ״̬ԣܹ̹Ȼԣ㶨ҪչֻҰɫԷһսˡ
лѣҵͶԵǵսûҵ㽻ѣ
аЦʮ־ϲϲĶᣬԷĵظûаʮ͡
ڵжӪĶˣʱΪ໥ͣ⵹˴۾
а֮ԣ⣡а⣬Ҷս֮µЩааָܹ²м
Ц⻰˵ơ
Ϊ۱֣ʦڶ֮ϣʱȻڵǰԳ£Կ
˹άⱾǺƽ飬άɾǺܺ飬ԣадϲֵҵҵ
⵹Ӧһ仰ʶǶˣû꣬ڱϧˣս𣿡
ŮѵõĴЦЦǻ֦ҲмΪаˣҲΪˡ
Ȼ
аͬ˵˲ͬʱЦ
ʦܣҵһ֮һսʤԣҵ£
칰˵ͬʱ˺


1262 
аЦ⣬ɫ治ϵı仯ţĻԴԴĳӯ壬һʱ̣аζΡ
ΪһߣʵܹͻͽûаоϲӣҵţɫĻ򲻶ϵĳķ䡣
ȻаһսڴʱˣĵȴŻаʵ
а۾ʱȴûѰκһ˿ȣƾԷʱĴ䲻авɰԽкá
һԪڵĳȣ治
а޵
˸Ի򾪻ϲĿʱаϵĻҲγȶɫֹɫ仯仯ǻγɵķΧҲ˱仯
аĻ棬ԭ֮⣬ʱɫַΧȴѸٵļ٣ֻ˻аߴĻ档
ѹǻаԻ⣬֮¡һսҲԵģҲС
аȴǵȻ飬ݵȻֵ쾡£Ҳ²͸ôľġ
ѣŮģҵ治䣡ܸͬ޻ңδкӰ졣ûκΣһսƱ޷ݣ㲻ˣҿԽͶ
аҡͷ˵ⷬжĺøвʱսʤЩĲˡ
аˣ飬ˣ¹˭֣޶ۣѵаΪƾƱʤ𣿡
ŭЦɲǼͻȻɢ˵İһûажʵ
ѵʲôֶΣǣʹʵҲĶ֡
ааɻڸߺһǺãģõģɣսɣҵҪȫʵʲôţҴˣ
ã
һá֣ƳڴͬʱһХ֮ڿһӣһŻҰɫĻѾС
˻һչ֣а˫۾ͬסˣͣȴûзκ
֪аΪɷɫأ
ʻ֮䣬ͻȻžŻҰɫ澹ȻһΪΪģڼʱѾӵ
ҰɫĻγʮɷԲĻ棬һнԴзĻ棬һûаҲĿɿڴ˵
ԻаԻ˽⣬Ȼһζʲô˵ûɢѹ֮ͬȴһĻ߿յġ
ãɢ£վֲҵɫѹ
аҰοԷı֣ûаոպ£ѸٵŴ
İУĻѸٱѹʮɷΧĻ澹ѹ綼ֻһʼΪеĲϵӿҰɫ棬ЩڲϵɢȻѹ£ѸٵӣԳ֮Ϊɱӡ
аǸոսɫ棬ɫǾԲڵĻҰɫᲢ۵ģң۶˵ĻҰɫҲϲɫ档
ˣϵͷųҰɫʱ߱Ե֤ĻҰɫȶγɵѾûа˵
ϵĻҰɫֲһչֳô࣬γɵĻԶʤа˫ϵĲࡣ
û뵽û뵽㾹Ȼڻϴﵽ˵ĸ߶ȣаҲλˡ
аûɵĸоɥΪԼΪǿĵطԷûабʹࡣ
а٣ҲͻҪǿʵδػʤ㣡еõ״̬ӭսɣ
ŮͻȻȴͬͷһȣȻûаȫһȻǸмŮ
䣡
Ůգַаһۿɼâ˲䳯аȥ
ɣ˵ǶԼսģȴˣΪ
µеΪ漰Կжʱ߷߲ƽ
˲û˵ͣĸǡ䡯ʱȴһ޷ֱս
Ϊ˼ƽϣһҲںⲻ롮䡯Ƶ㱰ɡ
ǺЦ֮кЦ⣬Ǹַаޡ
ˣֻǹƽһսڽǾƾɣ
Ů˪˵ٴδ䡯һΣ䡯ȴǳֶȥ
ĸǡ䡯ĵлԷĺ⣬ɢǣǡ䡯͸ҰɫʱĲһ¡
һɱȴˬĸо̴ȫ⡮䡯Ȼа֮Чֻһ뵽Ůɴ͸ԼĻҰɫ棬̫֮ˡ


1263 
ŶԭˣѼ£
΢Ц˵΢ЩΣϾԼղŵԴЩ
潣
аѾһĻѸٵ뽣֮Уһܹ뽣ĻǷͬСɣֹ˼
ɫĽ޼᲻ݵӿڴͬʱһѸҲڿлǡ׵缲紸γɵĵâҪɱһдڡ
ʾûУаѾȫһ˲ĵģΨڶԷǿƹϹ䡣
֮⣬֮У
ҲһХеķɽն潣ԴӭӶԷġ潣һֲĽɫѸٽܲ
ãȻҲ˽ˣ
뵽ֻ徹ȻһϣԵĸо̴ȫ
ಣ
аƲˣ׵缲紸̳֮ķ˲ƶ
ʱıըŸո𣬶һν֣󣬶ΨһĲ֮ͬǡ׵缲紸ʱ
һ˲Զʤο˳ʱڣڻаʹкŷԼԷԷġ׵缲紸γɵЧ
ɫĹâ£һֳ֡ն콣˾ͬ˶һ㣬Ȼһɽʯϡ
аѾչ˲ƣʧԭأ£˶һû뵽аġ׵缲紸
͵һֻ崦Ե״̬У̽鵽˶Է˲ƹ켣ȴ޷ĵܡ
Ҫ
鲻Խľг˲䳯ڵĵطȥһӰѸٵʧԭء
ͬʱһӰҲʧԭأӰٶŮһû뵽Էͨͨ˾Ȼӵ˾˵ʵ
һۣĿʱѸٵĴͬʱ̾˿
ΪһԪڵĺĵӣҲ뿴ʦ屻ԷܣֻͬΪһԪںĵӵݣҲԲỵһԪںĵӵ
Ϊʲôң
һĺӲԶµѾǵӰסǵӰʱԶԡ
һ˿̣ȴû˵ֻҡҡͷȻץס˹µĸ첲
ºγ֪Լս˲ø֮սֻǼĴΣų嶯Ϊ
ŮЦһ˪ĺȵ˭Ҳ֮ս˭Υһ㵽ס
֣ŮΪģγһȦȦɫıâЩâѷɫڻаĻ
ĺ
۾а뵽ҲѾ侲ƾԼˡ
еĻ潣ͻȻ֣⽣Ѿؿ֮Ȼڱ֮У޿ɱܡ
꣡
ɽڴʱ𣬽ս޷а˲֮Ļ潣
ǰĽսըѵʱ̣ǿڴʱֳ
ﬣﬣﬣ
ײ𣬻аξ棬˫ȴǵɵһҲǽսӵиǿķ
һߵ屻׵紸ԺҪͻƶԷǾͻ򵥺ܶ࣬Ϊ⡮׵紸ӡγɵЧٶԷ
аıⲢҪɱԲѡԷɽؿڣֻûϵϵǿ
ܹĸܵԷķɽԼʱľʹҲԼԵסԷķɽ
˽Եɴ˫ۣаеķɽȻһ̵ƬУһʱ֮޷С
ʧȥжʱԶﵽǿ״̬Ǽ̵ƬȽս׵ķǿûаʯ״̬и૵ôܣ
һнпܣ
˵ͬʱֵķɽ˲նаһиͻȻад󾪣ϵս͵ķһȦҫ۵Ļâ
âŮʹʽ֮ͬڹؼʱ𵽼ЧӶԼȡ˵ʱ䡣
䣡
Ҳδ뵽ԷֶΣֻһɼǿĻ汬赲Լжķɽڿж˶٣ջն˶Էֻʱ򣬻аѾγԼķɽҲѾ˲뿪
ʱδ׷ѪģؿڣؿڴһƬѾаķɽˣɫѪҺȾؿڡ
㣬ôǿ󣿡
аѾ֮⣬һ˫ͭľĵؿڣƲ۾ʵ

гͬһΪûԼĵԷɱ塣
ף
ŮҲһͬĶв֪ʲô


1264 
ֹˣҲ˼Ϊʧȥжʱ徹ȻԶֵаһǸС漣
аġ׵缲紸ӡȻǷȻԶסҵ壬ҵǿֻѾܸˡ
˵΢΢һڿ崫ʹȻӦ
ڵǳ֮ɲǳصģָжǳ֮ѾٶȻָơ
ɫѪ类ȫˣȻһ˲ʧȻЩƬѸٵĿʼ޸ٶȿĿɿڴ
ؿڵƬ޸һѩ׵ƤҲͬʱ޸Ҳζ˿ȫ޸ϡ
һ͵ıѿƬ壬ǽսʹ½顣
ʮ
ʯ״̬еĻа˵仰ֻ¶εĿЦ
ֻʮϢʱ䣬Ѿȫı޸ˣսҲͬδһ㣬ɫҲȣƺѵս״̬֮С
ಣ
һ𣬷ɽڿлһĻߣҲһ˲䣬аսԶδ
սδаҲֹȻԼԶԷļ޷ܶԷôԼʵ׸βȡʤأ
ĶƽУҾͲţķǿ󡣡
а뵽ǣЦҪСˣҵֶԶֹˣһΣûôõˡ
ô
ÿɷһЦͻȻûаһ
ڴʱ嶯׼ΪҪαܶԷеѶȷʵС仯壬ԾսʤԷ
ಣ
аٴ˲ƶ׵缲紸͵ڿУһܼĵӡ׵缲紸Ӷ
ಣ
֪Էǡ׵缲紸ʱ˲ܣٶѾﵽһǰδеļޡ
㣡㣿
аŵĺڿг֣ǰһԾе׵缲紸ٴɢâ
ȻͷţǷʤ
аԽп࣬˲ƷʽܣȴҲ޷ȫǡ׵缲紸Ӱ졣
һڶԷ׵缲紸ķΧڣôƶٶȱܵ˼Ӱ졣
޷ڴ˵գܵ·Ҳʮޣаġ׵缲紸γɾ޴ķΧڶܺںεıǡ׵缲紸塣
аٶȳȥеġ׵缲紸򲻶ϵͷЧ
䣡
а׵缲紸У⡮׵缲紸Զɢҫ۵ĵâа˫ֽշɽ˫ľâȫסڵɱֱʡ
ɰڴһ٣
ааԺеķɽۼȫĻ潣
Ҫˣɲð죡
пЦֻǿеġ׵缲紸ϵԼ壬ڶʱڣԼҪָжǼ֮¡
ҫ۵Ļ潣ȻϿɣаʱγɵʵȻǿǻ潣ԼٶѹеǷǿ
ˣ
а͵һѪѪѸٵ뵽Ļ潣֮С
һѪ£ɽ֮ϵĻѾʼŤȼаڶѪ
Ѫ䣡аȻϧԪ֮壬Ҫעһˣ
Ů˵ϳеأһ˿֮ɫ
µֻܹɴ˫ֵۣܹԷĿֲ
ãȻһϵĹѵγɾʵɱ
аԽп࣬ʱ򣬵۸ܵаǿֲĻ潣ʱҲΪһѺ֪ܲܵƾֵԷĹ
аϵ˾ſѪÿһѪʵǿһ֣γɵ糬ǰһֹ
޷£ĿŶԷĹָоҲΣм˱ľ뵽Լų˫ɽʱ仯屾壬ֻ֮·ߣа¶ģƾԶֵԷ⼴Ѹһ
ȫʵעһϣһϧԪ֮ǻаʱε
ΪʵаΪ޷ǿʵȴ˫ͬʱģҲȻ޷κζԷԣһġ
һ޷ش㣬һ䣡
аҧģеķɽɢҫ۵ĹâȻ޼᲻ݵ֮Ƴնȥ
䣡
ȻǽһӰһꡯһ徹ȻնΪء



1265 
ͬʱ֮аһ˫־Щֻƺȫˡ
ļʵעһĽһ޷شаǰܵʮֳס
屻նϺȻ޷ڴʱǡ׵缲紸ĹâĴӿƮڻаС
а˼ʵȻΪ˶Ըش֮صһ˿Ц⡣

ƵײĶˤ棬һˤùµĶˡ
ӮˣӮˣ
аһֳ֡׵缲紸һֳַɽ
ߣǱնϣҲٲһҲֻ屻ɱԪ֮ᰲȻ
Ȼ嵹Ԫ֮ȴǸûг֣δԵЩ졣
Ǹһսû֣Ҹ޷Ӯ㣡ģʧȥ岻ʲôҪ飬츳׵ߣò˶ʱ䣬һݳǿ壡ֻҪҪһָġ
аϲ֮ܿƽһзЩ

һ̾ϢĶͻȻʧǰţһһģһСǰ徹Դ͸ȥƮݵĺ޹ԡ
һΣǷ׵Ӯ㣡
аҲ̾Ϣֻȴûڡ
һɫĹâΧţϵıȴ˵İƽƺͲں屻ɱ
ͻȻһĨصЦʱЦĳûаˡ
㣬ΪʲôЦ
а鲻Խʵ
Ǻǣаһߣħһɣ㷸һҲķɽնҵԴ
Ц˵ҲöԷնɱԼԴܹɱԼֻЩܻǲҪȫ¶Ϊá
ʲô˼
аЩȻ֪룬΢΢ֳЩڵľ
ûʲôֻ㣬ڻûӮ
˵ͬʱ͸ͻȻָԭеʵʸУ仯˲䣬սҲĽ֣ѪγɵЧҲ˲ָ
⾹Ȼı壡
аûϵԼŵһûɱ壬д󾪡
ҵı壡ڣ㻹㹻𣿡
ӻаͻȻӿֳһǿƣﵽ۷ơ
ⲻܣ
аʧеʶ빥ֻǵԼղ˵Ļʱ岻ɾҵһ
ţǻаһ޷شǾԶ䣬ʱǴھ̬С
ˣ
кγ֪Է뷨˵֮ʱеķɽɢǿĻ潣жԷؿ֮
¡
аɲӵǰ̬ķ£һɡ
һ㽫аǧ֮ԶаصˤڵأؿڵսѾ١
аͷһؿڵսѾ˾ŴطÿһطһСѪҺһڡ
Ŵ˿ڲôǳΪаıҲͬʱѪζĽѾᴩ˻а塣
ˣˣ
аȫȻƣ˵Ǿ֮ɫ
Ҳʯ񣬲ʵǿĻаȻˣŮ̾һѾ˵Ц⡣
аûж֣ԣܣղŵһնҵԴҲʤ˽㣡
Ͽҵ˵ȻǸԷһ̨£ʵϣ飬ղһбɱ˶Է塣
սУûҲӮˣӮĹ䣬Ҹллղŵ飬飬һܵĸң
аһɤ˵ȻЦҡҡͷһ̾Ϣ
һϲҳڻаıѾ˸ųݵĹâ
һֳַɽȻԴݵĲŹµȥϲ˿ϲ֮ɫ
Լ˻аһʮܣ˭֪ܷסеıˣԼɲֵܱ̫ϲá
ȻаȴĿɿڴֻаͻȻЦȻ㸩壬˫ɽء
ˣˣҵһ죬ȵ̫ˣ
аЦﻹ˿˵ϲãϲá
а
ŮһѾ˻аǰаҲûǰŮĿ־УǳŮ΢΢һЦЦǰȻһ㡣
˫ɽһأ
и̾Ҳ֪Ҫʲô۽ʲôѵ飬Ҳȴս


1266 
Ů˫ڿдŷаϵƱ˲
Ȼ󣬻аϥڵأһƬ֣ѸٵĻָš
λһŵԣڣλѾ˫ɽҿҪѸλ˫ɽݵһϣһƹأôҲаħķ֡λΪ֮
Ů࣬˵󣬳ͷƺοղŵı֡
ͬʱͷ˭Ҳ֪Ů˻ʲô̴㣬˱ԭء
һȣճȵƻ裬аڻָʱŴӵվ
ϲ㣡ǰ˵Щ̽һڣǻᣬʱ䣬һ
а˵
ЦЦڳơҵȻѯ˵˽Եͷʾ⣬˼ǵȵҲ޷
ǣаͬʱһصĽУ򰲾档
֮󣬵³ʱȴǸЦ档
аоЩᣬ֣̽ԼԣʵǳγǾˣϾао棬ܹ̽ĵãԼĻҲĪİ
֣˷ܹʶʵԵֻ֣ҵѾɣʱҲȥˣ
аĳƺҲ˱仯еҲΪ֮ж
а֪Ҫǰδգлᣬаʹһ
˵֮ҲЩᡣ
Ǻǣ˫ɽɣҵҲˣģҳټĻᡣһɽ繧ֵܣ
аֵ˫Ѿ΢΢Ȼա
˻ճȴаѾգŮҲͬʱƮС
˾Цˣһɵţ֮ȴ˿쳣
ɽ磬ѵϢķ
Ҫô٣Ҫôɽʹ߽ͣȴûϵ˾Ȼƽķɽ硣
ɻ飬ŮЦ뾪ȣŵɷ׷ôһµġ
аЦһ츳֮ǿȻԶԶԼԤϡ
ԭаΪ˾ŵɷ츳Լǿ̫࣬ʱȴԼַ˸޴Ĵ󣬶Էɽ綼֪ôӵоŵɷأ
Ϊˣ츳Ե쳣ǿûаŮͬʱȡ
λڣ
մ˵мɻȴҲԸ룬ΪԼδŵɷ
ڣ
˵Ļ･ƮڿжһۣԳдǣ˵ӿȻͬǿҹâ
ǿҹâ֮󣬶Ѿɫ壬ЩǾݵģɽ֮С
˵ҲֹڴˣΪгһڵĺڶɫ
˵Ǻڶ֮ʱһռ˺ѵӿдǺڶȻ漣ʧŻָԭеƽ
ԭɽôһ£
̾۾ʱҲԼǲ΢졣
ڹɬͬʱȴ˼һ⣬Լ󵽵Ƿɽ磬ֻ˵أ
һһ̣ѾעЩԭڡ
ԣǲ۲۵ߣҲͬˣʱǷ磬Ƿɽأ
ԹĲʱǶֽȥδӣ
յţҲԵЩ޲ߣǣֻܹ̾ϢһȻƿĿ⣬ǰ
ǰǸߴ˫ɽʧȥ˻аŮⲢζĽ
λǼ̰ɣ
˵ŷ׷׵ͷڴʱ˿̣ȻѾ˵졣
ѭŵһֱһԲȻ޷˵죬һԪڶһֱΪʦԣųΪʱ졣
ɽ·У˽ߣе·Ҳ޷赲ˡ
ò˶ãһѾִɽ֮ǰɽ֡
ɽ֮УָĶ洦ɼȴûжǿޣΪݵı߽磬ҪڴɳеѶȺ֮
һ·ȥ˲ʲôΣգЩΨֱ֮ƹأ
ķƽ˾Ҳζű٣λ˴˫ɽɭϣҵǧҪСڴ˸ͷ
Ȼѵһǰ棬Ҳû˸ðշУԲеٶǰС
һ·Сڵִ˫ɽһ壬ȻΣȴٳûе
ʲôѵ˻аŮûб𣿡
ʵ˫ɽ۷壬ȥȴһɽСΧЩɽͷֱͬһ㡣
ХŶƬѩƮƮ£ϵĻѩ


1267 
˽ڻѩ֮ϣѵˮǰУΪУΨƵǿѹ
˽ɽɽѣ߶ȴǷġ
޴ѩɽۣ֮뵽һɽİ취취ҪԼһǱȽȤķ
ðɣǰкΣգڣȨһλðаɣ
פЦ۾ѩɽ֮۵һŲϡ
ѩɽۣ֮һӰڵҹصһЦȻͬһ㳯ɽȥ
ң
˵ͬʱ˫ֽյľһţ֮ͬɽ¸ȥͬһֻڸ¡
Ȼ棡
ңʹùߵΣип
һڸ֣ļ׻ѩľɵĻѩ壬ĿɿڴԶ
ǻŸʲôɣ
ڵתסΡ
ƴˣҾͲжѣ
һҧ͵ĳɽ³ȥֻڲӦڸ˲䣬һľѾԶԶĳɽȥǱˤڵϣᡣ
ಣ
ľ˻żϾַʽĻУ´δԹ
˼
кЩҲվڻѩϸ£ֻȴڿжᡣ
棬Ǿûʲô˼ˡ
Ц˵
͵ͣסȻȥЧ
Ҳɽ£˵ıָ죬ȻŶδմ壬ȴն£ǻܵ˵ãſٵĳ¼ۡ
ҡҡͷ¸˽һ鷽ż»С
˽Բޱ֮ˣԹκܹջѩôˡ
½ǿͷѣһõĿͷŷַһԱֱȽϿٵǰУԽԼȽȤζԡ
úαӸɽ֮۷ٶ£У˾ȻʼԻѩ٣ʱᴫЦ֮
ʵĸ֣ʱԻɽκ졣
һ޴ǰ徶ֱ˿Уд󾪣Ϊеѹ
ֻڿлĸоУǿѹȴٳûдɻ
ǰǳԹеѹ֮ǿ󣬾ԼҲδؿԳܵסڴʱǿѹȻʧˣܲ⡣
ˣŵͷȻֱԽ˫ɽӦĽˣ
а룬ɴͷɻó̡
һУҹȻ˫ɽ֮ȴԶԶ˵ԤϣǾҹĻУѩɽȴȻǰ
ǺХķɸ߿»ѩĸоһҲ裬ķʽܿܵ˵С
ڻѩʱѾרעĿʼֻκιâ֡
һһ߻ѩȫµķһγԣɳ۵ĸоУٶȾȻĳ档
ɷˣ
еͺ̫ɷԼʱѾܳˣÿÿýҪͻʱȴǳٳ޷ͻơ
ʱѾһɷζŵɷ޳ɡ
쿪Ļѩ˵˺ܴãȻǲа
а룬Ϊʵо˷ܵġ
ɽ磬ΪʱԶ
аʵҲѾɽ磬Ŷɷս
ŵɷ󣬱зɽ֮ӻа򵽵ġ
ڻʱʹЦ⣬ΣһλõĻ档
һֱǣ֣˲վһľϻ裬ö˿ȥͬһɾ¡
һĲ˵ʮ㣬˻ᣬܲһأ
ʱ䣬εӰֻʱвһ
ಣ
»ûüаνѾԱߡ
Ǹѩˣû취ͬһɣ
Ŀ˵
ð
¸оԼƺˣ徹ȻڻѩҡҡλΡ
һصס˹µ֫ĸоùд󾪡
ɽˣǱ㵽ݣ
˵ͬʱֻȴǽס˹µ֫
ɽ±ݣ
ԵˣҸЦ⣬ֻΧķͬλһ㡣
ݵһϣȴֻлаŮȫ˵֮⡣
ңӴ˫ɽҲЩţԼ˾ȻѾڲ֪зԽ˫ɽ
Խ˫ɽɽһƬдеɭ֣ǰɭ֣и˼ʲô
˳ĬʱԶɭкһ󼱴ٵĺŽŽԼɭĺ


1268 
֪˺δֻԼ²⵽ݾڣһ¶Īر顣
ˣʱıҲЩ͸Ϊ˵моȣɻ
Ƭɭ֮̽Ѿ¶˵Ц⣬ڴʱ˿̣ԼƺѾûҪαװȥˡ
ֳĬҲ˵һҲ֪׸ǰһԪڣԣԵЩĬ
ŽϵɭѾвѸٵƶţԼĪʮɭֱԵ
ǰѾˣѵҪֳĬ𣿡
΢ЦĶ˵
ĿɿڴȻȴǻûӦΪʦһ˳ƺ
Ϸϻаûκΰգȴû뵽㾹Ȼ˻аȻǺη
˵ԣһ˵ץˡ
⵽ô£
ɻʵɻ
ʦ壬ôƺΪ⵽ô£ʦʾ
˵Լŭ
Ǹλ鲻ݣλ
ȭ˵Ȼһ٣ż˵ʵϴˣʦңӵͽܡ
ͬʯһ㣬ʱѾụ̆ȴǲԡ
ƭĸоǺܵģοǱƭΪһԪںĵӵĶиԽܡ
ǰǱƭĺܲңðɣϷ֪лɻǾͿˣϷ򵽵˭
ЦһĨȻһתʱѾָԭеòһɢĹʡ
ಣ
ͻȻһ˲ƣ챾ܵĿʼˣȴ׼ָֻԭеòѡ
ɶ㾹Ȼƭҵȣ
ŭзɽѾָɫǱòһڵķŭǵͨ졣
д
Ҳһϵİγ˷ɽŭ
ϣ˽߳ŭȴ֮УΪϾǵʦ壬ʲô飬ǿ϶ֻԼŵӡ
λαŭʦܸλ񣡡
ȭ˵ʮ֮¿ҡ
ֻ˿ŭɶڴʱǸ⡣
ʦ壬û뵽㾹ȻһƭҵȣѵӵͽܣҶ˱㲻һԪڵ𣿡
ڳ嶯֮ʵ
Ϸ޹أգǾȥĪǣǾʵǿѵϷ׸𣿡
⣬ֻ˵֮Ѿ͸һǿơ
ʦ壬ʦܵ˼ˣʦ壬ֻƭ̫ͻȻˣʦһʱ֮ŭ̡
æ͵пɲڴʱͬʱˡ
ǶʲôˡǷģϷʦֶǴϷҲƫ̻κһġ
л˵Щƣаһϲ
ʦ仰һоͺýˣ
ϲɫ˵Ȼݺݵ
ηħôĵֱ̣
һϺȴǰɭ֮дţŵͬʱǰ
ɭгģշɽڣ·Ҫһˡ
ֻ΢΢ɨһۣȻƿĿ⣬ͬˣƺû˷
д
Ǿһ˱ȵƺҪɳۿȫֱ¡
ʦ֣ʦ㣬ѾǸˣѵǾͲܹӣʦܼƽ𣿡
˵Ѿս׼
޿ܣ
ͬĺԵеŭ
˫ìܼ޿ɵ͵ĵزҲŭˣΪЩȫԼ֮
ʵڵΪĵ̣һԪҲҰƾʲôţ
Ǹ곤߷Ȼŭ˻һ˵Ŀ⡣
ˣʱҲЩȵǸ곤ߣƺ˵ʲôΪĻ
һԪڣǵĵӿ壬ʲôҵȴδ
ĺȵһŭ𣬴ʱûй
ìܣҲһԪڲìܣЩȴˣƾ裬һԪκ˶޷ܵʵ
ݣһԪڿνһڶ󣬲һԪȴǼΪأһܹ֪һԪǿأ
δ˵ֻĶǰľˣû뵽˵ʵȻҿڳԡ
ĻҲļŭ֮ˣɭ֮ӰѸٵĸ
壬ҲûǻȥﲻǸĵطɱ⡣


1269 
ڿ˵͵ɢһǿƣ֮£Ǿ¶֮ɫԺˡ
Ƿʲôɴɱˣ壬һԪڣǾֻܹĿǳ׼ɣ
Ļʮ㣬еķɽѾָǰˡ
һԪڵˣ
ղǸڳԵߣȻʲôʱѾͬèκŵ飬ֻ૾̾
һԪڣһѾֲ̿һ͵ĴеĺŽǣһεĺŽԽƳ
ҵȵ飬һ˵ȻһԪڵӣôЩļһһԪڣȥɣ
Ŀ˵ЩŻˣһԭز
ǰ
ղǸͻȻĵϾǻں֮ɫû뵽Լ׳ĻȴպǵһԪڵӣԼҲʵ̫ˡ
ǰǣҵȰɣҵ۲ʶǰǰǿ
˼ͬʱĵҲ㶵ǰˡ
춯֣ɱǡ
еϲɡ
ǺǣΪ˭ֲƾʲôҺȥ
Це˵ƵȻЩֲ̿˵ȥҿɲұ֤ǻܹ⡣
лǰɱ֮
æлȻѸٵĳȴΨֶԷڡ

ŭеķɽѾʼ
ǺǣһԪڵӣ֪һôһɱ㣡ԣҺ۸ʦܰɣ
ɾԲǺ۸ģ
Ŀ죬˵Ҳ죬ǰɭִҳһ⣬Ѿîˡ
һŵӶѣȻʦʦǰûûСЦˡ
ЦһԵĬĬзɽҲѾָȻˡ
˰ɣ
ﲻݣһеģöԷЦȻֹ
ѾչһʵҲͳַˣʱȴǶĻʮֹ˼ɣóȻ¡
ʦܣ˷ʦҪغ˫ɽһҵսʦ壬ǻڣȻڴ˴ôǱѵһ٣֪ʲôߵغ񣡡
쿪Ԯ͸ǿơ
ʦ֮ΪܻаҵȾǿ֪ı֣ߣҵȾͺúýѵɣ
Ц˫кֳĹâ
ǰɣѵһȻаʵҪǿ󣿡
аԲ²֮ڴʱչ¶ݣϣڵִһԪ֮ǰ˵ìܣ򣬵һԪִֻ»ʦ鷳
սһˣ˵ȥҲ±ЦȻǶսҲսʵǣҲԲ۸
ڴʱҲļᶨվߣս
˵ûµʵֻһν̬ȡ
ڣҿǸˣ
ǺЦΪǶģùҲӡ
е˼ԶϵҲƽֻһԪںĵӣȴǡ
һĪЦȻָԣϣɶ࿴˹һۡ
ʦϣҵȶսʦ֤ˣ
ͬʱ˵ǱŹΪϾݰ
ãдһҲãϷҪǿ
һȻѸٵ˳֮⣬սռ䡣
ǶԷͬţҲԶչͻϮΪ츳˲Ϊǿʵ˲֮¡
ʶǿĻʱҲ˿С
˫ĴսһձԵһĳţЩҲܵ˫ǿս⣬ʱɭ֮п̽
ȼԵɷһɷÿȻγ˶ʮͦεӰ
ԭ˾ѾﵽŵɷʵѹָսڣֻҲ̾ŵɷʵŸսҰɣ
а뵽ȴްɫֻǰˡ
չ˰˵ȻŽ֮ںϣʵ˲ͻǡ
Թµ츳ʵ򲢲෴ʵ̫ѷɫֻΪĴڣԲûй·ӵĵط
ʱںͰ˵ɢʱ˲ӹµʵ
ǰ빫йƶԿʹɷʱƲһǿҲζŹµʵԲôС
չֳŵɷں͵ƺѾԶԶˣʩչԼʵ󣬾ȻʵҪǿϼ֡


1270 
֮Ⱑû뵽Ϸչô꣬ȴѾһһԪЩ֮Ķ֡
̾лû뵽˶ʵʱһչ֣Լһ
һȫռƣóıսһѹ£빫̸ܵ˾޴ѹ
˻˵ĵʵڻа֮£ɲöԸ
ʹɷƣԴж϶Է˵츳ĵһɷԼĪʮʵ츳ҪǿһЩ
˾ȵͬʱ˺γǾȶԷ˵ʵΪݻаĻжϣûŵɷǰհ˵ɷ㣬չֵ˵츳ԶԼˡ
֮⣬ǹµ츳ҲǿԼˣķ˼Щץˡ
һֱһԪһеĳǿߣǱȽһԪڵĺĵӣҲŵϺŵĸ֡
ҪΪĳ֣츳ǷǳҪģԶ츳Լ˵ĸ֣кܲζ
㣬ҷǳȣ츳ֻ츳սֵֻǾʵ
˵ɨ˵
ϻ˵б¾ʹҶˣʱ˵󻰲٣
˵ֻöԷǿƴӴѹѹԼһʱ֮䵹Ӧ
оʱܹɢƻһԵĹ£ֻһʩչ츳ֶΣͲһˡ
Ѫ
ĺȵӿһâƵ˲٣ŭһϵı߱塣
δռһƣܹƾȫѹסˡ
Ϭ
ȵѾ֡
ͷס֣ڴʱ˿̣ͬʱֳɫâ
СģǵƾȻ˽һ
ѵһץסµĸ첲ѸٵĺǧҾ롣
ǸԶľ룬ǶԷǶѹʱѾ϶ΪһѹȸϢ
ǵʵȻһӣֲֹ̫ˡ
µ¶֮ɫ뵽Է˻ֱ̬ĹȡӳЧǿ
ǵǺǿ󣬲ҪǣȴǾ˼򵥵ģսһѪҲյʤ
͵ıһǿǿ޹أȴ͵ľƷйء
ԣǾ䣡һӮģ
±ĸȾˣϵҲ쳣ǿֲľƷʡ
ϷĽŮ㣬ȻûϷʧԼӵгǿ־ܹ־Ҳǿǿְɣ
ɲɫʵȴļһݵĸж
ܹʵûָĴˣʱԷ˵ĻҲ𶯡
ʦ㣡˼͵ľΪһԪںĵӣ˺һΣһҪȡʤҲҪǡ
ĻҲ͸űʤһһٵ˵ˮûκε̬
ԣ츳ףҲսʤǡܹһ𲢼սĴκˡ
Ҳ˵΢΢ĲţȻЩ
ϷڿʼˣһԪǿ֮ڲս˭һԪǿĺ֮㣬ϷĿԴ
˵ܿܣȡһˮ͸ʯͷ׼¼˫δս
ѹ
ȵ͵ɢļƣҲͬʱɢɿֲڿںһȻų빫ѹȥ
һԿǿУ
˵ͬʱҲɢĿǰļ״̬
µҲУֻ˵ȴûȫںһԷ˵ںű
һսѾʼ죬еıϴֲѹγɵӿˡ
¡
˫͵ײһ빫µͬʱһһεƽ֡
ͣ
͵һڽɫѪҺϾѹʵ̫ǿҪѸӦô򵥵顣
һᣬҲѪ˵Ǳǿƺɡ
˵ռϷ磬δսѾ빫µȫѹסˡ
һ˵ƣԷҪӦҲЩǿοƵأ
ս޲ʤ
͵ŭһȫȻ˿ĽɫѪҺҲڶԷѹ𽥼ǿ
ǿǿսγɵһ־ƷʣҲ־ӵޡ
˼ǴУȴڿ֣ӭŶԷӴƳǰС


1271 
¶һЦ⣬ƺѾԤϵҲûָƾöԷʧȥս
ǡ
һɢѾ½һȴȻȵռϷ硣
һӦҲ
аޣ֪˵ĲڣǼǿѹֻ¶ԷԼ͵־ӦƣĻ罵ƣʵԷһս
˵Ƽ빫µƷ뿪ɸΪǡ
˶һۣٴı䣬ѹԷһˣһ˹¡
˫˵Ӧ䣬ӱռƣȴδյδս֮ЧҪû˵Ķ־
ɱ
һѾȳǰУų졣
ս
ѡ˸ӭսŭš
ಣ
еķɽѾԷĲԣһչȴǰ˲ơ
츳ѾھɷҪ⼸ǲܵġ
ΪھŷһʵԣĶսռ˾޴ơ
ʹѪȻʩչƽ˫ĲС˼֡
һ
˿򱻺ɳ֮⣬һڽɫѪҺƶԣֻǺƽƣǳ֮Ļָ£Ϣ֮ɻָ
һлȴû¶˿ĵ֮ɫƽ̽
ͬʱĵһҲѾֳߣͬǿƵĽ»ˡ
ǹ±仯Ϊ壬ȻŲٵĲ࣬ΪʵҪǿϲ١
ԸȥԸ
һѾ˹µߣȴҡҡͷȻ˵㲻õңҲô׾ͻᱻܵġͽˣһ߾ȫսʤ
´˻һҲûмֵıҪֻõһСġȻ˻ԭλ
΢΢鴤һ£аԲţԼһѾɣȴҿڳȥս졣
һģ
ʮ˵
ңǿƤӵģΪô״ܵɣʵ˵ɣ
Ƶ˵еҲʮֵĹ£ΪڲԶһŮˣԲ֮
֪
ԸҲʮ֮°ݵƣһеķɽѾ
ĿаսСҲ˶ԸĲԣǾߵʱȻ֮ܡ
ߣ
һǻش˶ԷĻеķɽӭһɻ潣Ѿ
潣ҺΣ
ȵͻȻֳһͨ徧ӨսףսѸٵȡԭеսס
ף
еȻҡͷ̾ϼһôˣȻַҲ˵ӣѵ׼ɽˣ
˵ĽཻڶԷѹ±ʮɣĻ潣ȴǴ͸˶ԷĽ
һΣֻںǳɫĽǴ͸Ļ潣Ѿʣࡣ
ûܣƾǻ潣ϣ˲ҫһ£ǻ潣Ȼ漣ʧˡ
ڰɣⷨ湻̬ģȻԿҵĻ潣
Ƶ˵ЩпʦȻǿս
֪ʲôĿΪĻ潣ҸЧǰΪʦ壬ʹǸа
͸εĵ⣬ǱǳԶ
ʱŷҲĻģҴ˫ɽҲװİɣ
ʵδȫԭ֮˫ɽʵǲηаʵǲŮ
ϵסԵǿĻ湥ȴŮıϵЩΪʱʵԭڡ
ٳһ
ХһɽΧѾһҰɫĻ֣ǿĻ£Ҳ¶صı顣
֮ǿ
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ʦˣһʱһʱҲ꣬Ѿû˸·ԸҵȡЩˣǱһԪɱƨԣ׷Ҳûʲô˵ġ


1272 
ЦŽ͵
ԭˣϷչصʱʵЩˡ
ЦҡҡͷȻЩСգûз쳣ʱԷġ
һЩˣֳô󶯾һԪЩ֪ܲһս£治֪˵ŻԴ󡣡
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ҫ۵İâһ˲ΪɣǡסγɵǿΧĿ̶˼ĻҰɫ潣ʱҲû⡣
΢΢һĨЦΧ֮ڵĿѾɼǽɫĻ潣Ҳڿ֮С
廯ǡסԸ潣İ취һҲĿ࣬û뵽侹Ϭķ
֪ԼĻ潣ᣬеѶ֮󣬳ƾ跨⣬ƾĸʵ
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ٴιһĻ潣ڶԷĹкˡ
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ס֮湦Чþκ߶СƣʱҲ¶һĨЦ
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еĸܣΪ˱ǿƣ׷ڻṥƵ
ǸСĽ֮ˣһ⴦㲻Ų֮о˵ı֣ĿԴֻǣΪ


1273 
۾עµսʱѾ˺ۣǿ£Ѿɥʧ˹֮
츳빫µĲѾʮֽӽֻӵа˵ȴӵоŵɷ˫ĲҪΪھŵ
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һʣʱսȴһ£Ҳд󣬶ǷӳԼǿսùµĴ᧿Σ
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һսȫĵͶ룬βڿ˲ƣеĽ޼᲻ݣһҲ°ᡣ
Щ̬ͬȴʮƽȣ˷ĹĿĲùأȴ뽫ܣսپ
ǰĳǿ츳˲ĥӡΨ޷Ѱսپ
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һαԷĽն˸µ΢΢Ϊ־ҵʹùֱ졣
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һѪ˳ֵƤҲɰ̾ϵ
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סһҪסȴ
ѾӲӲ뷨űԣմλս
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1274 
ʦܣز׾ˣĽΪʲôûʹѵΪɱҾͲ𣿡
˵һʦܡȴǽеʮ˳ڡ
Ҳ֪ãԸ
ϰ߽Լĵһʼ¶ԷȻôҲСĲҴš
ˣڣ
Ժ֮УԤ֮С
ֻߵɷΪ츳ԵʣÿһڶԷһɷĶңǶԷӵоŵɷôƾαķɴ
ʱʹˡѪϡƽԼҰɫ潣ѾԷһƴ֮
ֻϰԵĵ͵ûзӳȫʵǹöԷȵռϷ
׷ʹȫ֣ҵҲʮֻҵʳ
аеķɽѾĲȻǽѾЩȲҪӭս
һԪڵĸǣǿҪ۾ˣδģ
кβסĵ׵ϲɫ
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ಣ
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Ѿڿ˲ΣȴȻûаѶԷĽ׷٣Źϵ˲Ƴ֣еķɽѸٵĳնһȻ㲻ϧˡסĳǿ
Сӣý˲ƣѵҲӽ̸Ķž
ЩɻţΪϤǽ˲ƣĻҪǿĶࡣ
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ֻ˲αֳεֵǰĽһ
Щ˲˲ǿˣĽҲнޱȡ


1275 
¡һ
ҪһȴǷǳѵ飬ʱϵġսٴηҫ۵ĹâΧĴ󲿷ֽ̳ɹֻ̬ġսϡ
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ǿֲıըУѾ仯Ϊ׳С״̬£ķﵽһȫµĸ߶ȣǿеıըǷɢԵģ罣ĸ߶ȼС
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ಣಣಣ
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аȵЦڽԷ
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µĺǱѾԵʮѪʱȻһ˦βͣȻһѪѪƫб˹µС
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ɱ
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1276 
ҵģݹҽ飡
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ңҲģҪ㣡
΢˳һȻصˤڵأһ졣
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1277 
ʦܣһ֮
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ͬʱеĳЩ뷨ڸı䣬۲쵽ƺռϷʱ˸ȫµľ
죬ȥһ֮ɣҵҪǶ֮Ƿսʤ
´˵ǳ֮ˡ
ʲô˼ѵǵĴˣٳ̫ƻˡ
˼һѾ³˹µͼ
ȻһӯĹ£ڴʱսǣȴһǿһͶսУԼһʮֲ
ӵ˵ھŵһǿֱԼӵǿѹսƴһ
㣬ղŻ˵һҪսȴˣѵ׼𣿡
üȹս
ǺǣֻǶݵϢ˭˵ҪˣڲһҵĶ֣ҼսȥɾҪܸˡʱ֣㻹аȡʤĿԣ֣һ㵽ס
²Ųæ˵͵Ļ͵һзЩ
ʦ㣬ˣһ֮һȴ֮ٶԸ
һѵйŭյʢΪĶԾУȻѾȫĴ·С
һսγǾ춯أʱһûӵ顣
ԣһ˼еöע⣬ڴʱ˿̣ƺֻ·ȷġ
ಣ
˲֮ս֮УͨЯս㽫ʮɡ
Ըôһŵӣʦ־Ȼʦ֣ǲǾҺ۸أ
֮Ҳû٩Էһ֮ڷ̶ʵá
ʦܣĪʦ۸㣬ҶһսҲѧٶ

Ŷ־Ϊ˴ңѧϰôأ˵Ƕʦ
ﷴΪϬϬöԶԡ


1278 
ϻ˵б£ȴǶ˵һ𹥻
ֱ˵˵Ȼͬʱ
ߣһӲƴǱѵΪҲ𣿡
аһУαѾչ˲ܡ
ֱӣ
˵ĽպĴ
ɵӲŻվڿӭǶ˷ĽҲɵȻҪˡ
٩вη˵֣ΪڶʵԶĶΧ£ֻҪԼϵܣôԷ˵ľԻᳬԼֻҪԷ潻սһŵʤһԼ
һۣԿ˶ԷеľΪ˴ԵĶȫԳԴ
˵Ľɲ˲ƣڶ˲ʱѾϵĺˣһľ롣
ʱǶ϶еκһҲռݲСƣΪھ˼ʱսʧѾõ˼Ĳ䣬յδĶ١
ԣԶ˵֣Ҳǣʱ֮ӦսΪ˴ֵ
ܣܿӦ֮ƣͬʱ˲ƣһǰһλóȥ
ʦ㣬ļܣ·ӡ
ѵһնеʱĹҲ
ʱ˿̣ҲоĪѹΪڶԷ˵Ľ£ԼΧĿռƺˣ˲ܣȴҲô򵥵顣
˽ٶ֮죬΢ԥбʧȥܵĻᡣ
ѵΪǵΧɣǵĵʵѷңҲ˵Χ
аü΢΢һеġն콣Ѿڿնһ
һǺˣƽƽһȴǰǡôͬʱ˵Ĺ
ĽԿ磬˲Ѿ˽ֻ֣ǣһι֮ȴΧ۵ĶЩš
ڿվȣǹɽʮ֮Զž֮ɫ
ֹҲûܱⱻ˵ˣڿ˳ҲǿסΡ
ܶ˶ǰл巴ԭأû˿ĺˡ
ʵϣԶκһ˷ĽҪֵѣڶͬʱһǰһ󷢳Ҳֵңֻܵ΢ˣǳ֮޸£ԺԲơ
ɶ񣡡
ŭһԴйеƣû뵽ʦ֮ҲᱻԷˡ
δھɷʵѾȵһ죬ھɷǸΪ
Ȼʮ𾪣ʦ֮ǰἰһԪ츳ĵӣʱԼһҲԷҪܣԴ֤Լ˲һԪ츳ĵӡ
ʦ֣οûˣоôأ
Ц˵ĻԽ
⣬㻹ûдҶˡ
Ϊ˵Ȼҧгݵĳնһ
ʱ첢ûзڵȴᣬΪڶͬʱʱȡõЧƺô
㣬¡
һеķɽɢŽɫĽһӭĹ
һVһʱ̣Ѿٲ׾ˣʵһ
һ
ֻڿ΢΢һ£ƺһ徹Ȼʮ֮⣬粻еľȱǰ
ôܣʵҲ£ôһһ֮Զ
ֻؿڴһʮܵĸоͷһһѪѾ̲סӿϿС
꣡
ûסͷѪһѪԶɫѪɫȫޣ
Ҫ۸һУ
ˣ쵱дŭϸǳ鴤һ£˫ͬʱսȻŹ
һУǰĹѾͬնһ챩ŭ֮ĹȻӲ١
ɲںԷһὫԼô嶼ûתֻһն
øŵѵΪ״̬¿ԽʦĹ𣿡
Է̵˫۵ɵ׼˺ı顣
䣡
˵ĽڿһıȻһǰʵ
ȻûбˣڿбֱţȻͷûлأֻ΢Ц
ȴ֮ԶϵıʮֹŹ֣ҡҡͷһ۹¡
Ǳ˴ôܲĶ֣
Щŭţǲúɫ䡣
ԣսôãҲӦ˴ôǿʵأ


1279 
˼вŷĸֲ֮
ҲɵӣʱҲ֮лѡٴ첢
ƶ֮ʱκ춯ֻ΢ЦתȻɵıԶ˵֮ơ
Ѿµ˶ֺʵҲһΪƳ˵ǿʵԣڴʱֹͣ
ʦ㣬һΣֻʹвϣӮʤˡ
Ȼ˵жԡϬʮ㣬Ϊ⽫ԵӶ˵ʵζʵҲԽһڼĵˡ
ţǾðʹϬһذɣ
Ȼ˵¶עһľȻ֮ɫ
һأܻЧʦȷҪðһ𣿡
Щǵʵ
ˣǱ޻ʤᣬˣиʱͶսС
Ѿ¶˾ġ
ãҵǵľǿǧʧ
˫ָǹ°̬ʮĸַ緶ȵм֮
´ʱŷԭǿԶԶԼ֪ˣͲôƴˣ֮ǰӦ˻ԴڵôΪˡ
˽֪δھΪһ㣬츳Ѿõһ֤ƾһ֮Ȼȶӵоŵɷʹܹ츳ЦݣһԪڣҲܳҡ
ʹϬһʱ⵱˴һ
ǰʹֻһ𣬶ڴʱǶϷһĹâң˵徹Ȼںϡ
ȫͬĶˣȻڴʱɺ壡е˼
΢΢۾ͻȻŷһǿս⣬ϵ׷ڵѾﵽһȫʤʱڡ
Ƭңź϶Ϊһֻ϶Ϊһģ̫죬Ȼ仯ȫͬһˡ
ΪԼİڵģԶ޷󣬡ϬǶôǿ󡣡
ǵ˵ȫͬڶ˵
ŶʲôʽʹɣװŪǸѣʲô˲ġ
ʾ˵Ҳͬʱ̽Էʵ
û뵽һεġϬǿЧζû뵽顣
˺Цڹ
Ц֮ʱһɳƴɢγɵѹҲɵɴ۾
һ֮
ҲܵɢĿֲƣ˵׼ڴʱ֡
ĪҪ嶯ȥҲ޼£ǵʵֹһϷûϴǵʵӦԭеϡԶɱЧ
Ƶ˵ڴʱ˿̣֣Ҳû赲ǵ
Ͼں֮ʵѾﵽһʮֲֿĸ߶ȡ
ȻȻһеĳ嵽ߣܶԷʵжôǿ
ң
Ȼ˷ܲѣƾѹö˴˿С
ۣ
ֻһ޷ֵӿԼӴѹ£Ѫ
ǿѹ
Ҳɾֻ̾ؿһĪܣѪ壬ҲҪѪ
һûʹǿѹǱѾ޷ֵǱذˡ磬ɣͬŵķϣαǲ
Цз˵ĹâͶƺƿһС
ǾԲ䡣
²ĺ
ǾǸʲôѹɣ
ͻȻһŭٴδﵽһȫµľ磬ֲѹֱ֡
ۣ
ٴѪֻսڲǿѹ£ƺеķɽҲЩȡ
ɫҲԵЩ԰ףںγһѪǳ֮ԵʣֻҲѾڶԷѹѪˡ
ɣھʵ£ûκλʤġҿɲ˺ǣֻҪǵͷ䣬̳ȥѹȻǱԺͣˣǶȫ顣
ƿߵ˵ûʱ빫·
䣿ߣܡ
صȻ͸ǿģҫǻ۵ĹâѾʹľС
ԣǾ䡣
ҲѪδ̣ں̱֮仯Ϊ屾壬ȴȫ־ȥ
ڶԷľѹ£Ѫ޷˳ǣȴûͷ
ڴʱĵæԣҪץˣɫصĺΪ£󣡡


1280 
ףҾˣҪսսҲ¡
ޱȼᶨ˵ϳֳȻ֮ɫڵһԵ
Ļ˾޴Ĵһ˼֪ԣΪһֱ׼׵˶ݡ
ԷѾռݾƣһչǽɱֶΣ´ʱ£Ҳֻ·һ
ؼʱ̣ڶԹ˵£ҲΪҵĸҷģаտԶԸǣеǰ˺󡣡
»һŵһҲпԾߵǱᶨ˵̫СˣҾ̰֮ˣңҲԲ㣬ɲعҵ
˻һ˱סеĳ嶯ֻˣΪԵʣù˳㻵¡
ʱˣӰһһȥսԣ£
ѵת˵۾ֱӹ£㱿Կġ
ʱҲԥΪ²кԵֵˣԲŻᡣ
ڣƿĿ⣬̾һ૵Ҫұ֤ʤܣҪúչԼ𣿡
ҴӦ㣡Ҳ䣡ģֻңҪҵ
֤
ºоѹȻѾʧӰ٣˶֮ˡ
㣬°ɣǸᣡһս˭Ҳ޷֤İȫ
˵ù²᲻뿪ȴǿٵ£һȴȫϡ
ˣΣգ
һ̾Ϣ
ϣ챣ϣսʤǿĶ֡
鲻Խ˫ֺʮȻΪΪҲжѡ
ڹ³ºٵѹǿˣѹ£޷ڿվȡ
ʮٲ䣬Ī
ռݾƺƺһҲżΪǿѾγѹҲ˸оһо֮С
빫ԶԶоǵ֮ɫΨսбԷɱ
Ӧûƽ£ʹעһԻ͵սƾˣοɱ
аοһԵĸ㽹۵ĽִļϣһҲԷֹ³嶯ļսС
ʱչ屾ʵˣֻǣһνչ¶ԼܣЩź
аţڿ鲻ԽĲֶƵö֮Ҳɰľ
屾壡
һŭڿоȻʧӰ٣ֱһ˲һƬղʧĵط
һͷڸ֮Уϵף޳ɫƬһ˿Щλá
һξȻɹı壬ȲҲβ
ҲԾϲڵһ־±仯屾塣
Ȼʱıǳ壬ֻһͷС壬ȥ϶ʮԡ
ʲôߣôܻӵޱ壿
˾˵ڲ֮ȻֶԷƾȻҲ˲
ãѾ޷γɾˡ
оϵı鲻ĳ˾֮ɫ
ۣ
µгʮľȣſ͵̬жĳٴ
ʲôޱ壬ôأѹڽ˫ɽʱᱻǼУԭһߡ
Ծĺϲ£ͣӶҪɳۿɣصܡ
ףѵҲһ㿴ıҵıơ
²ʵܾЩ죬ȴôҲ벻
ԣı壬ŷıȷʵЩߣֻƤɫȻǽɫģȻһЩͬ
ǵģΪҲʮ˽⡣
˵ԺҲڽʾ֭˼ʲô͵ߡ
ȴޱȣ֪ԷıʵôǿѾԼ֮£ˣҪƺ򵥡
仯屾󣬷εı仯ʮֳɹʵǰİ֮Ҳǿ˲٣ԼĹƣҪǰֹ
һǰľҲѾȻ޴棬ڵѾӵ㹻ʵԷһս
˵ˣҾԲ䣡ڣ˰ɣ
˵͸ޱߵϣڿš
ãҲǵĶ֡б£ȽǼԡ
мɵȴǲ֮б¶Էɽ


1281 
ߣ
ռƵ£ûܣƾԼıȥֵԷĹ
֮ǰıУѾԼ屾壬ʮǿ󣬶ֵͬĹԴﵽӵá
ۣǻʵģαµķ֪Ҫǿٱ
Ȼ㣬̫Դˡ
ЦŵŽϡ
αΧһȦɫĹâڶԷĽʱĽâȻֵһĽȵԷĽʱǽͬ㣬ȻıƬϷȥ
ĪǴ˵е
鲻Խţû뵽Լʵӵ֣ͬ屾ʵҲڷӣ˹⣬ķϵΪǿͬĶʱԵƾʤ
Ч
һľϷٴθߺһֱ׼֮
̫Сˣǵʵǲ
ɵ˵ûжȻƾԷĹ
˸Ϊ𾪵鷢ˣǽȻӼƬϷȥȻڿбըǺˡ
ⲻܣ⵽ʲôޱ壬ʵ̫̬ˡ
ץĺȻаչһַ񹥻һȫֻǣǽȴûκθı䡣
ǷڿбըвٽֱˣսҲù鲻ԽĻ
ô죡ķ̫ǿˣ޷ƵķҲ˵ôڲ֮ء
ţʱ˿־֮ġ
ƾֶͨΣֺξ֮У۸ŵĵӣʵȻǲġ
ɿЦЦȻ͸Ųַϡ
շɽУǿЦã֪ʱǼǸֱ䡣
ùڴʱ䣬Ƕ˾ϣ飬Ͼûȫܣʱûӡ
ãα½ʱǣҲֲ֧˶á
ܹĸܵѸʧҲҲЩʧȥˣǱ㲻
ǽôˣҲֵˣ
˵ͬʱڿ̿ˣα£ٶȾȻľˣڷʱԵôİѸ͡
дﵽ˲ƵٶʱĳǿʵҲڷӳٻסͼԴ˷屾幥
ȥʱһƬ׹Ҳڿҫһ¡죬ͬǶɽ˲ײһʵ̫޴ˡ
Է𷨱ɴûʹãֱƾ豾ٶԷٶײԷġס
ۣ
˾û뵽ĽȻ̬屻Ӵֱײɳȥǡסֵ˶Էľ󲿷ֹҲһ֮䣬˱ˡ
һ֮䣬˱Ѿײɰ֮⣬ϵġסӴײˣһѪǱ
ɶ񣡡
˷ĺ˫ɺĶſееķɽҲڿвš
㾹Ȼʹʵڿɶ񣡡
ֹסеķŭָƵ˵ŨŨɱ
סѾײ⣬ʱȴҫŰ׹⣬ȻѸٵĻָ֮С
ȻǼñܹΪãǸöá
аţʱҲЩƣϾԷԼϵʦʦ㣬ԼʱȡǵķƺЩ˵ȥ
Ӱƣȡ֮еξͷһ´ٸƣǡסҵˡ
뵽ɷһ˷ܵĳХȻŵȻʵǲڱ֮µĶ֣Ҳ˺ǣ磬Ͷɣ
ͶͶǽѪսף
ҧȵϵսҲڴʱ޸ϡ
˲֪
аԷеּᶨʱҲΪǵǿж
ͬΪһԪڵӣαһҪָһڴʱǣ޷ǸԼ¶УǸһӣҲջѡ
Ŷһѣһ·뷨ѾԷһӡ
սǾԲġ
˷ĺƲеķɽĸˡ
ɱ
һѾһһѾﵽһ״̬ǰҪǿ˲١
ߣ
ⷢһߣƾǷɽϮ壬һΣƺص⣬ƬȻǷɽᴩ
ԭķҲ޵еġ
˸Цϲ֮ɫȻǼ
յĺһƵ澪춯أȻֱӲһеĳײȥ
һ
ϮһͬʱҲβײɳȥ


1282 
һƽɫѪҺ˳ƬԷһٴͻķ
Ȼ˱һβ齫ȥѪˣ˫նȴͬʱˡ
ϣᱻ˿ҵԻ
аղʹ֮򣬾ƾԷʱĽôܹǿ
ڿϣǸ˼Լƣٴǿĳ
幥ΪƾײצӹԷȴûʹκν
빫µľĿУ˫ڿдλսһһشÿһιˣĳΪпᡣ
ˣȻĿ࿴Ϊıʵй̬Ȼʽ壬յЧȴǷǳ
Ƭ̹򣬿֮ѾΪһѪˣ֮ҲմѪĴҲЩ˫ľ޴ΪּĹÿһжȫԸرڵ
Ƭ̹ȥ˫սٶҲȫĴ򷨣ðвȥǿĹԷ
ǰѾڣճɫѪҺǸ˿ڲʮ
ಣ
ڹһкͻȻˣҲЩ֪롣
ܹȥˣǼսȥ˭ӮˣҲǲʤ磬ֹͣս
˵͸ų¿ҡ
Ҳڿ֧ţȫԼǿ־֧ţʵһҲΪ⡮ϬһҲʱƵģһصķЧƴһһָ壬ҲķЧ˵ʵʮɵĿ½
ͣս֮ãֻȴԼһ
ͣսû⣬ֻǣ֮ս˭ʤ˭أ˵Ǿͣս
Ȼ˵
ʤʦΣ
Ϸȫףʱκ˿ΪҲעս
һû뵽˫սȻһԴĦ˼б˽
ãʦʦһƫ̻κһ
˹˵лǵƫ̻
ǷģϷΪȻƫ̻κһǰս֣ϷѾ˶ۡǶ˽Ϭʹõһ״̬ʵңڱûչ⼸ԣҾʤһԣҾǵսʤһǡ
Ȼ֮۾ͬһ˫ı飬Ѿ¶ϲõЦ⣬嶼ڲ
Ȼʱȴһƽ˫оһ˿׾Ц⡣
СӹȻ򵥣Ȼֵ˵ȻжԷҲ⡣ж
˼š
ʦ壬㻹ûĽأǵȵĿļ𣬻ʦʾɣ
̲סߴٵ׷һЦЦľЩĪ⡣
ʦ壬ɣ
Ȼ˵ȻصЦ⡣
ϷǰһռţսеıҲ㡣ʱȽͣǣϷǵ״̬ȥǳпܻʤԣϷ˵ʤһǡ
Ļֹסˣ˼ҪץˣԷʦ壬ҪֹͣҵȻսȥĽδرʦķҵȿʦܹıֹӶԡ
ʦ壬Ϊǵսδֳʤƺֻ֮ƣʦҪ׵жһʤƺЩףʦ忼ס
֮Ѿʮȷܲ˼ǱЦŵͷ
ãϷڿˣ˫սȥҲǶܾ֮ƣϷж˫Ժͣ˽ⲻ
뷨ȴϵڣֻΪ֤˫˭ȣڿɱ
㣬û뵽ȽԥһᣬڵͷʾԽֽ
أ
Цʵ
ʦĻҲͬҲ⣬ҵȽͬţûҪƴһ´λлᣬҵȵǿдһ
˵仰͵ڿһȻʧ
αƺһƶûУһȾмɷǵζ
Ϭָ֮塣
ڿдһȻ㱻һâУȵâɢȥʱѾΪˣˡ
֮󣬶ȴǱͷңɫ԰ףͬʱѪ
֮⣬˵ڵϥƺڻָơ
⡮ϬķЧҲǼսȥ飬Ҳһǿķ¼ȥ


1283 
а룬屾仯κ嵹ûκ⣬Ϊ屾սʱԼʵˡ
е׷Ҳڴʱֹͣˣľ״̬ʮֱڵҲָ״̬
㻹Ǹʦһľϲղŵ嵽Ϊ֪ǷԸʦһ͡
ö࿴ˣЦ˵
Ǻǣʦ壬һߣղǲ壬ֻһѣãʦ۹⣬ѡһΪ𣿡
µʶ屾壬ܼȥΪ屾¹ش֪ԽԽá
ߣϷղſĵǺζҲ̫˰ɣ˵Ǹ˵һħߵӣϷҲо⡣ԣ㻹Ǵʵɣ
ޱ֮ˣ۶Ļԡ
ʦ壬ҲãҲգЩҵĽ͡
ЦȲԼ˵ѣҲԼ˵ѣǱ㽫һڸ
׼ʱѾ˵ʦ壬Ҽǵ˵ݾڣ㽫һԲôΥ˵ĳŵɣ
ڱ״̬ʱ㿪ʼǣЩ㶵Լ֮ǰĳŵ
ʦ壬оⲢĴΪУȳŵΪҪ֮飬ҲΪеˡ
Ϊ⣬ɸмĵͷ˵ǰϷһԣԣϷ˳ŵ
ףлл
²ɸм˵ΪԼĳ嶯
ڼ֮ʱȴɭִٴδŽŽƳ
ףЩʲô
²ɾ̾ȴһʮӵһһЩ˽ߣ·ٶȽ˵ٶȡ
ˮڣ룬Щ˲һ鷳ģˣһȻ
ȻЦиͲЩ鷳ģΪǵʵޣԼһм֡
ǰսδʩչƣЩҲӦˣ鷳Щ˵Ӳ
ʱȻϥɵĳ̶ȳ˵ûмʱ䣬˿Իָγɵơ
ʮͬĲǰţߵǰ֮ԶʱͬʱֹסŲ
ʥϣҵߵ֮񣡡
һΪ곤߼˵Ȼǰڶ˫䣬ݣȻݾߵ֮Ҳܳ
ʥôʥأѵǽҵ屾忴ˡʥ⡮ʥʲô˼ҲеԻˡ
ס˿Ҳ⣬ֻƽĿӶԷݾߵΪȴǷ˿˿
빫²Ŀ˵иǾȣ֪ЩôͻȻߵ
̽ȥһ̽ŷ֣ǰʮˣʵȻףѾﵽɺϵΪЩ˵ʵʵҲ̽
ȵ빫֮̽󣬵㱻ˣΪһԪһƫԶطȻҲ˶ǿߣⲻν˾档
κһߣҲֻбԷɱķݣԲŻеʮ⡣
ЩһʵԣȴҲͣΪҪߵ֮ĪʲôΡ
аţȻ̩ȻһԲŶˡ
ߵ֮Щ˾Ȼϲһ˹Ĺ˵ʮϲμʥˣ
Ϊǲ˵أ
΢һ֣Ȼ㷴ʵ
ʥûҵҵ˵
Ц˵ǹмӡ
ɣҺźĸǣҲʲôʥϴˡ
ƽ˵
лʥˡ
ͬʱлȻһͬʱǸֿˣʥˣǾԲϴġһ̳̳ϱʥʥǰˣһ㣬Ī
ǰеܣѵ彵𣿡
ЩɻţܾԼʥݣЩε̸ı⡣
ңΪ£
ȻʵҲܺ档
ʥˣغ꣬һʥʹǹʥ˵ĵܹüʥˣʵ˵ҡ
ϲ˵Ȼ΢٣˵ӭʥǵĵһͷȴ£ڶǽʥ˵ڴ˵ķϤ±ϣʥ˰һæ
зأһʲôͨɣ
뵽Ҳһϲ˭µģȻЩָҪԼֶΪأڰǵæܼģԼҲЩˡ


1284 
ãˣԭˣҾȨһʥ˰ɣ
Ц˵û˿αס
ʥˣƾʥأҵȽ²ü̳ʥ˵ĵ
߼
˼ڻܹǰȥ塣ҵĶѻ״̬Уұڴغǳʲô⡣
һˣ˵
ʥ˹Ȼ壬ƾһ㣬ҲʥܹΣãȻˣҵȾȸˣʱʥ˵ĵ
߶һȻȥȥĹУЩ˽Ƿ壬ˡ
֪ǹеһ֣뾴⣬вɶЩ˼ֺøУڴٴμЩˡ
Щ˸˺빫Ѿʣӱܹĳ
֪кܶʣʣҲûа취شΪԼ㲻ôͻȻͳˡʥˡ
Ц˵һ仰öǿסеʡ
ʥˣλɲͣ壬ϷҲţֻû뵽Īᶨڴ˴
˵ƬɭִƺڻС
ף嵽ʲôˣѵǿ𣿡
²ʵ
壬Ǿص塣ǰЩû˵һԪҲǵĵ̣ΪഫЩз޵еʥػûκֵܹǵʥȻҲǴ˵Ϊ˿Ѱڵλá
˵ƺЩҲЩη֮ɫ
ǣΪʲôЩ쭺ȴĵȥأ
µֳˡ
⣬ҲڿǣҲжԭ򣬵һԭǻδȫĵ̣޷ʹʥǣڶԭйϵȻ϶ΪʥˣôϱηϢ
ĻشùҲɵͷͬȻȴͬΪԼͲʥˡ
ðɣʲôԭ򣬼֮һбˮʯڣҪˣˣҲֹͣһĵ̡
˵ѰһƧĵطʼǰһսʵǿ٣ڣڰ˵ɷԲҪ顣
ܿľ磬ɰ̾
һǿߣ츳⣬ŬͨЩĽӴѾжһˣֻҪʱ
ף츳˳ڣŬ츳ҪŬҾˣȵʱҲԶ
¸ոھδȫʱæû
ѡķλ֮⣬Ҳ˺ʤ֮ġ
СŬϷ󣡡
ǣҲѡһطǡ֮ƽ˰ΧҲ൱ڸ˻
£ʱ䵯ָѾȥ
ȵʱŷ˾Χչ
ڶǰָʵĹУ˵ĻҲ֮мԺУʱһѾ֪ʼĩ
˶һۣԿ˶Էеľ棬һЦһЦĬʮ㡣
ʦ㣬ЩʦΪʲôҪսʦ壬ˣ˼ҲҪҵսʤԷʵҪǵ־ⳡսֻһΪǶһԪǿĺ֮㡣
ʱľѾʮƽͣ˵֮ҲԷԷθ֮ԡ
ǵģˣɽɽʦ̵ǲҪСˣȴ˴լʺֻ¼սȥǾԻܸصķɣ䡣
Ҳпг˶ĸм֮顣
Σδǰ壬˵лʦ֣ʦ㣬ȴС˵ʵڲѡ
һЩںˣһǰԼ˵ı֣Խ
ڶ˶ʱѾ˫ۣкŵЦ⡣
ʦ֣ʦ㣬ǵû˰ɣ
ЦŹʵ
лʦܹҵѾѹסЧѾûˡ⣬ʦ飬ǵ³һҡ
ͬʱȭ˵͸֮
λˣͬţûҪΪǿʤȥ˷֮ս˫ƽɫӮ
еЦţʱҲͬʱֹͣ
ʦϣ죩ݼʦ壡
ڴʱϹϾĸԴ֮⡣
λϷЩڣǾһ㣬Щ˰ɣǽϷһǰʦǶϷݵϿɡ
Цһ֣һεĴ㽫˵
лȻȴǸµǸȻǻһףȻȥƬʱ䡣


1285 
ǰѡǾȷġ˱ϾһԪڵĺĵӣһԪںĵӵȣǰֻǱеĺʤʹŸ˲ĸо
ЦˣѾ϶˲Լˡ
ʦܣͻȻˣǰƺ˵塣ഫһʮص壬֮ϵص壬ʦܻСΪв׵Щˣⱻƭ
ɫȻ˵ʱľƽ࣬ҲΪȫ档
лʦֹġʦǰƺɱЩˣ룬ʦҲСˡҲЩʮּǳ𣬵ǵĵ̺˵Żأ
΢Ц˵ⲻǿЦˣΪжЩ˲ûлУֱԼ̲סȥЩˡ
ʦеǰ̫嶯ˣ㷸ʵڲһԪںĵӣһСС壬ֻҪǲʹùƣһҲǵ塣
ЩεЦЦűʮ˵
ʦܿһ壬ǿҲʮĳϡ˵ʵη塣˷ʦһ壬һǸҶʦܲʦܾԲӲ
˵Ĭ˲Ŀ࿴
Ƕ̫˰ɣϷӦһЩʵ޷񡣼Ȼųص壬ؾԲô򵥵ġǶǺ£вԴҪ֪ˣ졣
̳ѵֲ֮ɫȻͬʱ˵ʦ˵ǣһʦ̻塣
ڴʱԶɭ˱仯ʮߣһķΣ˵ķ
ʮϹӭʥˣ
ʮͬʱֹ˵ϵ̬ׯ϶¡
λԷӭǽɣ
˵󣬱ѡǰжȥÿһߵʮֳȡ
˲ԼĪʱŵʮ峤ϵǰ
Щ峤дȴֹסˣΪǷڲϣġ
ʥˣʥ˵ѣҵȽ̡
Ϊ׵߹кȻǰ·
һ̤ɭ֮У̸оˣƺ˲ǿĽƣ֮ҲնĲһ
ʥˣȵеĹϢȼʱһҵȱʥǰ̳ȡʥڴ˵ķ
߹˵ǴЦ⣬˵껰󣬵ǰٵĴһ־
£ǰȻһʯ·棬·а֮·һҶҶһʵϪ
˾ȵ·ϾȻȫźɫĲƥһ·ȥֱ߿ĵطǲ֪ж೤
ȫ˹ӭʥˣ
ʮͬʱΧɭͻȻӿˣЩ٣һ˷ܵŴ·ˡ
һǧʥӺڣ
ٴһȣΧ̴Ļشʥӹӭʥˡ
˵䣬нǧȫ׵սʿԭյ·ϣЩսʿսʮһţͻƾðһ㡣
Щ˾ȻҵƤȴһ֪ʮ˵á
аȴǲ¶ɫ
ʹʶ̽ٴһΪЩʥӵļһǣʵȻ޷̽飬ζǵʵʮпЩᲢۡ
ж쳣֮ɫΧȫ״ʯ
ܰɣһǧ˴ﵽɺϵʵһ֧ǿʵֱ̫ˡƾʵһԪҲ޷֮ȣΪһԪҲûôʵɺڵ߰
ЩһﾹȻͲݣһԪôǿأ
еļӹɣΪһԪڵĽǶȿǣЩѾǿв
֮齣˺˯
Ѿ⣬˷һԪڣһҪ㱨š
γĿɿڴ˼һֱųΪһԪڵǿߣȴһΪһԪ룬ʱʥӺ󣬵һͷʦ
ʱղ˵Ŀԣ˼طĳ嶯Ϊƾһǧʥӣ˱û˿սȫ
ʥϵҫŽɫĹâһǧ˾ۼһޱȣЩʥӳԱԱ£ȵڸͷһ
ʮϵϸԴŵЦ⣬ȻͻȻɢԳдһʱ֮䣬ʮҲֳɫս
Ծ裬ΪԷչʾǿʵϴʱʮȷ岢δв
¡
˵ͻȻֳƮƣƺ˶ڴʱ⣬Ѿȫգ嶯Ѿγ˷ɽ


1286 
Ϊ
ѾȵסǷɽ·ҫĹâ
Ҳ·˲ȴû嶯ֻǱܵĳգһ˫
ڴʱŹĳţʮҲԣһԲ
Ӧ̫ĲӺԼοո˵δڴʱѡա
¡һܾ޴Ľɫе˵ĽеȻԲϵı仯Сŷ֣ԭͻȻֵеһƻֺս
Ƴһܹŵսλһȫɫ죬ۡ
ս¶ȫòλһȦǡʮλȴмλҪϲ١
ʥˣʥרΪʥԼʥ˵׼ģʥԼʥ˵
ת˵
ŶҾͲˣλɣţ˲޶⣡
ſкȻηǽɫλϡ
Щ˼ЦЦɽȻ˽ս֮ϡ
λѵս⼸ƵģսǷͬСˣڼڱսʵɲ⡣
аֻսۣ֮һִδйĸоӿ
Ȼ֮ҲѰΪ¡
λϣû´ʮλøǳ֮ءλ
ȭ˵жЩ˷ЩᷳȴףԼҲҪǶЩҲʮҪˣûֳκεĲͷ
лʥˡɫսѾ׼꣬ӭʥˣ֮Īң
߼˵Ȼʮһϸ
ˣսѾꣿ
ŵʵ
ʥˣˣ
ΪԺĻش
һҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫϾսϽλǰͿʼ׼ôԤʾǰ˱֪ԼҪǰһˡ
㣬Ҳ൱գΪԤܹ㵽ѾʮֲףܹԷԤȡ
ʥˣˣǽԽʥ壬ǰʥһ·ҲҪ죬ʥ˶
߱ȭ˵кصЦ⡣
лϣһ·λˣ
ȴҲյǡôƾ仰Ӯ˵ĺøС
ʥ˿ˣ
߱ȭ˵֮ŴһŽǣ
ء
һǧʥӳԱͬʱеĺŽǣŽͻһ磬һĸо
̣
´˳
ˣ
ʥѾʼĳǰƶսҲɢһȦâȻͬٶǰ
ӭʥˣ
ǰУΧͬм˷ܵĻ
һӣѾоԼ˵ٶһߵķٶȡ
ЩսѵҲߣô߱˿ٶȣ
ھʹ֮̽ȴЩսû˿Ϣ
ˣЩսҲͬսһ㣬ȫԻеʽ֣ʹǰı
ипĪЩŰĲܡ
ɫսٶȻڲϵļӿ죬ԼĪһʱһĸоλϴ
ڸոСĸоԽԽˣλȻӿһŽɫĹâ
ɲǼ䣬ڵġתٶȾȻʮֹλӿĽâȻֱӿԼ֮С
һǰδеоתڵġеٶȻڼӿ죬ָо鲻Խ
ĺȻɫս֮λӿĽâȻǴԼڵĹٵԭֻҲĪĹϵ
̽⼸ʱŷ֣˵Ҳֳâ
ôȻ˸ᣬҾͲ÷
뵽ı˫ۣȻעϡ
ɫâ֮ʱҲһɵЩɫâǴʱʱϽʹһʱ䣬ڵٶҲﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
Ȼ˵ٶʱǾС׼ף޿ɱԡ
ֻǰڵġеٶȲϵӣͬһ޴һŽɫеˣԼЩɫƺͿںһ
޾ǿٶȣһ˲䣬ֻ׹ξڵһǰδеٶȻܡ
ðʱԼĵڰɷѾɣһлԶδӴ˷Լӿ롣


1287 
ʮϵĿԱ˵ֻƳһۡ
ȻʥԤ֮ˣǵǸʥˣҲ뵱ʥĪĹϵôŬá
һţ鲻ԽĸͷǸʥˣָоϸϵԺ
ɫĳһ·ɣ˵עϣʱ˵зš
֪˶ãϲķԼĵڰ˵ɷȻѾɹʵЩ಻סеϲá
ǰ㣬Ҫڰ˵ɷٶһϣȴû뵽ȴô١Щ˳ȫҵҶṼЩ˵ڴΪ񡣡
а΢΢Щ׼ӭӵڰɷ
ɫսڷɳۣΧԴԴԾٶѾﵽһ£ڵĻҰɫҲͬʱе˱̬ٶ£ڰɷڴﵽٽ
ڰɷȻѸ٣ҾھɷҲѾңԶˣھŷҵʵֿԭлһˣҲ㹻ʸһԪڣٲᶪʦӵ
ڰţֻڵԴԴϣӯĸоʵڷǳ
ѵãɴһھŵɷҲɹ
뵽סеļȻȫעͶ뵽ھɷС
ھɷߵһһɷѶȱκһɷѶȶϲ٣в츳׵˾͵ھŵ֮ǰһҲͻ
У˽ԼоٶȱٶҲ첻˶٣ΪרΪʥ˶׼ġ
ѾУȻʱ䣬ΧһеһУƺֻȻҲںһ
֮䣬޼᲻֮־һʹ
֪˶ãµһ˫ۣΪĽâѾȫʧӰ٣ҲֱȴȻͬܰλϣһɿֲĽâѭš
ಣ
һ˲ʱ䣬ĽâѾգۼʧӰ٣޲̾ٶȡ
ʱսٶҲ˫֮оȻ硣
绮Ƴ֮ŷһ󳩿ЦˣºεºܣȻ˴ңңشλл⣡
Ц֮æֵлҲԷһֵͬл
ʮͬʱԱȭһЦ⣬ΪһҲЦ⣬ȻЦʥ򣬽Ĺûʥ˵Ķͣǰ㱻ˣԣһж޷ʥ˵Ķ䣡ʥһнʥӦõġ
Ȼλ˳ĳ⣬Ǿ̫ԵýˣõģݺҾͽˡҲλԼһŵɵķΧڣһ߾ȫˡ
Цʮֳ죬ȴ͸ʮĳϿҡ
ʮͬʱ¶ϲɫǸΪ֮򼤶ĲȥΪ֪ϲףһȭ˵´лʥˣ

ҲȭЦ
˫ڴʱ˫Ӯĵλջ˲ʵԵĺôȴΪõĳŵиˡ
ɫĳӼǰԼĪʱ䣬ŵһ̻Ի͵Ĺ֮ǰ
ǰƬɭ֣ɭֲ޶һ·ȴڰ£֤ƬɭֵĹ
ĪĶϻɳĮһ㣬ǷΪֻҵĺƣǬӱ濴Сʵ޹Գһ硣
˼ͬʱɫѾȵͣ¡
ʥԼʥ˵ѣ幬ѵλ룡
ڳѾ½ɫսȵ³ǽɫսѸٵʧ
ǰĹռΪͬһ޴ĳǳأڹ֮ǰһƬ޴Ĺ㳡Ķ
˹ӭʥˣ
ͬʱȵֱֳü˽Ըоսϵĺо
λ͸λӭ
˵ͬʱ۾Ѿע⵽㳡һܡ
쿴ǵģ˵ΩΩФֱһģһѵǰ
ָǰܾȵ˵
ʵҪ˵Ҳע⵽Ǿ޴ĵܣߵһӣһɫսʮ־£پͬʱԶһ㣬˫۾ͬһ㡣
վӣȴҲΪǾߵܱԼΪԭ͵ģǵϵЦҲԼϤ֮С


1288 
ĺȻһʮеĸоӿ޴ĵ£ЩͿԼһ㣬ָоˡ
ʥˣߵܱΪʥ˶̵ģ˵ǰɣ˶꣬ߵȻΪ˲ɻȱ
һԼ˵
ڰɣǰɵģǰҵںηֻתһ˵ҲΪĵܡ˵ˣòϱӵ𶼺ܴôǰһģһأ
վߴʮɵĵǰʧˡ
ֹǹ£ˣҲͬĿɿڴΪʮֹ졣
ʥˣǰ壬ͱˡ
˵󣬱㹧Ĵ˶ŵܰݡ
ŶĲǵˡǸˣҿԿ϶˲ҡҲųãǰļ䡣ΪҼĹѾˣȴû뵽Ĺ¾Ȼ¼Ҫ𾪡
ЦԺһƬհףôҲ벻ôԼһģһ
Ȼ벻ףαض룬һ죬һ鶼ˮʯġ
Ұο
ʱѾһ˵ʥˣǰѾʥ׼˵޹ԴʥϢʥ˵ҲеסҸ
ţ
ͷȻʮ߽빬֮С
ݻޱȣŮʱɼȵȺ󣬱һ主ûʵĴ
ʥˣľѾ׼ˣҵȴΪʥ˽ӷϴ
ϺǺЦǣһŲþı֮ϣֱ£ʮϡ
һڶŮ룬һЦ⣬žӨ͸̣ĲɢԵζ
ֺ󣬾ԲѾʮɫζȫĲȣЩȣؽУָɫһ𣬾ͬƷһ㣬˲档
ЩŮԼһ̳̳ƳʱһŨѾڴ֮У־ƻδ̳ζѾ͸̳
ʥˣЩƵʷ֮ãһµʱƣɵƶɡͨ˺ЩƣΪͨ޸ܡΪߵߺ˴˾ƣҲ᳤֮áԣֻʵٴﵽɺϵ߲ʸƷơֻ˾ʮѵãҲֻʮ̳ƣҵҲʥ˵ĸлȵơ
ʮеĴƵĽƵ˽Գһ
ƣһûгƱѾˣҲ̫Զ˰ɣ
¾ȵ˵
ֹ㣬ƵʱΪҪأ꣬һζô°
Ц˵
ƵǰҲɷһпĬţΪԼ㣬Ƶʷޱ޼ˡ
ŮǸÿ˵ǰһ̳ƣ̳ʱǿеζ˲ڴС
˳գ
ʱҲ͵һֻſ֪ζǼƷ
ϣ֪˾Ϊ
ʵ
ʥˣ˾
΢صЦ
֣ʤǺǣȾλһ롣
ң˵䣬Ůǰ壬Ȼȡһֻ뽫ϡ
ŮڷʱǷز۳һߡ
ʥ˿ˣӦҵȾʥ˲ǣ
΢ЦҲ˲ȫվ
ɱ
룬һ
Щ峤΢ԥһ˲䣬Ҳеľһ
ǰɣƾ֮ǿ
ܹо⼫ƷƵζȻƵľȴ˾ȡ
ںƵʱ򣬻㱺һЩȻѸٵıաǺȾƣֱ
ܿڣҲɫ΢죬ЩȻĽ
ʥˣ˾ƾشԣʥĪҪ꣬򣬺׺ġ
ЦȰ
ǺǣҪľָоôˣܾÿľƣҵˣǾһݡ
ˬЦѾЩ˵ѣԣŸ˺ˬʹ
޵ߣƵϵһֱʮֽܣںܶʱ򣬾ܹ޵ߴУĶ
Խζ㴼ľƣһĻҲԽһ߽ο
ϸ裡
һ峤ȵǣӴʮ绨ŮӣЩŮ࣬һŤϸ֫ȻһɫŮӵĿǻ£бγĸݡ


1289 
ԾƵ裬ΣλǴȾƣڳ⣡
ڴʱ˺֮飬ž˱ƴ
ƾٴҲ£ΪڵһֱԶУЩսҲǺܶݵ顣
֪ѾЩˣҲĴȾƣһ
һҲſƤȥȣŷſΪ˾㲻⣬ҲʵûбҪóظԼá
һһ룬ｻУ˵̸ҲĺΪ˾ƣ˱ƽʱɤŶ˲٣һʱ֮䣬ɽȣ⴦ּˡ
ں˽һ̳ôһƬγģѣεĸоʮĲӡ
ˣʱҲ˫糺죬һ룬ֻЩϣǺȵıȽҲ˼⡣
ʥϾƣ
Ůհ졣
һ̳ڵڲ֪࣬ɺȵ
õˣ̳ȣ
ޱȵ˵
ʥ˹ȻҵܱȣֻҪʥܹȥʮ̳ȫʥ˵ġ
Ц
ܺãƿǸöеҾһһ̳ԡ
͵˫ֱסǾ̳Ȼ͵Ķſп࣬ƵĹ룬ֻڵĵھɷѸٵš
ڶ̳ƺѾҡҡλΣԴǻЩܡ
ֻΪѸӣøһжֵõģǱһݣ̳Ҳ͵һڹ븹С
ĿɿڴԾ°̳޷ܣʱҪˣȴû뵽Ժôࡣ
ȻʮλȴĿ¶â˷֮ɫΪʷϣҲ˿ĺ̳ϣʱȴҪ¼
ںһ̳ƺ˰˷⣬ֻ̳Ȼûе£ǽŲЩģȴȻȵƣ
ǣ̳̳Ȼʱ²ϵĹơ
þƣ
ЦţȥѾҪﵽٽ㣬ȴʼû
˿ȣҲһ̳ƺȹˡ
ͨ
ѾϣȻһȻѾˡ
ʱ֪Ҫ¸ľƣѾǾ⣬־⣬ˣʼԼ־ﵽ״̬ôҲóŵЩȫȹ
ʧ
һԽЩƺȹ⣬ԶԶȷȵЧҪõĶ࣬ڵھɷѸҲ¶ģȷûͻƵھɷﵽȫ¾硣
֪˶̳һһ̳ҡҡ׹ĵ˾ϡ
һΣЩҲǵһֻȴ
ڵġȻûֹͣתͻȻһâ֣âγɵķΧҲڲϵӣȻȫ֡
ϲ֮ɫԸŮ˸ԷȻ¶Ůڴغ
ںЩƺҲƵʹֻ࣬ʱȴ޷ΪһȦâʧȥˡ
ʹ¡
ǿľƣΪǿ׼ģǺһ̳ЩϵʵҲҪһϣµĿʮ̳ǱعƣһҲҪʮϡ
Ȼһʹı仯̣Ԫ֮Ҳˡ
ԼĪº˽ѹЩȻڳ˯С
ȵڳǳڽâС
ףôˣôȫֽɫâأ
̲סеĺʵ
żȵ࣬Ҳѵ٣ġĻǱҵҪúܶ࣬Ҳ츳йء㿴˯ڶ򡣡
˼ЩɫâеһĹƺʲô¶ˣȻȾƶȵЧ
ʦܵ츳죬ԶҰ
޵һζȫķڷˡ
ʱͻȻڵλǲûȫʥʲôʵʥڶ
ʲôʳϣʲô˼
ʵ
Ҳʥ˵ܣ²˵֮һںƺҲγɶݵĶЧǣʥ˲ڶ򣬶ҲڶͬʱΪʥЩԵԣ²ſԲ³Щ
˵Ҳβס͡
ںƺҲջ˲ٺôôȴ˵츳ͬ
Щ϶ԣΪȹƣԣһջĺô١


1290 
֮Уγ˶ݵĶЧʵѾﵽ˵ھĶ徳磬ˣҲĻϣΪӲ١
ںƺͷһ˵Ŀ԰쵽ֻ˵Ǹ
Ц˵
ǰǸϷ˵ˡ
Ҳͬĵͷ
ʥˣʥǻʥ𣿡
һ峤˵˽Ц
λϣĻҪʮϵʱ𣿡
鲻Խʵ
ţֻµĲ²ѣΪ´ûһԺ˶ľƣԣҪҲ˵׼ҪӦûʮϣҲһϣһУпܡ
Ȼ˵û˿ĸоΪһʱڴ϶ԣⲢԵ
ȻҪһϣҾ͵һ꣡
ʮֿ϶˵ȻѾд⣬׼ֱΪֹ
Ŵ֮Ҳ򶨣Ϊ䣬вǵָһ˲䡣
ʱɫâͻȻһȻ֮ǽɫâб屾̬
ҿÿҪʥʮϢ֮󣬹رչκ˲׼ڣ
ʮֹϵ´Ҳɱٶȳȴ
˵﹬֮󣬹ͻȻʼһζʮͬʱɫ
һɳ빬һ֮⣬Υߣɱ⡣
侲ĺȵԶԶڹ֮лصʮһ峤Ҳͬʱظϵ
ɽ忰ȾӣĴ֧ӵͳ˧һ´˱ӡ
ʳϣʲôôˣ
²ʵЩİΣϾһԺôơ
ʥ£幬ѡʥѾԱ֮⹬Ҳʥ˵гΪһƬ棬ԣҲ롣
Ͻͺ̷ˡ
һɳ빬һ֮⣬Υߣɱ⡣
ʥӳԱŹͬʱϵ
ǣݵ˲䣬˴ӹгΪΧϿսɣЩҲֻڵ泷ˡ
Ĺ֮󣬵˳Ҳ㻨Ƭʱ䡣
¡
ڵƬϷ¡ͬһһ㡣
ʥʩչֹΪʥ˻
ٴδ

ʥͬش
һǧʥӸͬʱϿշԵЩڿзٵĻһΪĹͬЩڿеںҲû˿ĳͻ
һ߿֪ȫòʱѾЩʥӵĸսһȫµ˽⡣
ʥӳԱɷʩչҪԽⲻЦ𣿡
аš
ȻһǧͬʱʹƣҲֻ΢ǹȴûƵЧ
ʥɷ

һ㶣ȻĿһǧ˱ǧˣȻٴαһǧˡ
һǧʥͬʱʹɷʱǰȫͬˡ
ĻζڴʱƽϢЩʥӳԱȴ˿иԽĶŹϿա
ʮڿУԱµŹϿգվڵ棬Ĺ۲칬Ͽա
ĺȻһӹ֮ԶԶĴĴ͸ЧãǱһǧʥӲǿƣȻԶԶĴ˳
ʲôѵУϲ˵Ҫʱ䣬ſѹ𣿡
ɻ˵
ĪҪˣ츳Ǿ˫ģԣܹ֮顣ֻҪ߻ħǱ赣ģɰĵȴŲñнˡ
ȻЦҲʮĽĳǿ츳
ڴʱͻȻ뵽ʲôƵģлǰսȻ¶һЦ
ôˣ
Цɹеʵ
ʦ㣬ʦܵ츳룬ôûκμأ㻹ǵðɣʱ仯ɱսʱûʹκμܡңͣս˲ʱѹסڵķЧȴ˲ָԣһɡ
˵ͻȻͣסˣȻԺɵ
ŶˡҲһֱЩƣǰһֱ޷ı֮ȴɵĻķû´Ļǰսǡ
˵仰ֻȻĸо
ڶ˵ͬʱ빫ҲǱ鲻һȻһ֮ɫΪûǰսУˮ


1291 
ȴȹĶ࣬ǰѾ²µˮ˵ҲֻȻĸо
һﲻо̾Ĳ츳ʵһΪˡ
¸˵ĴСˣʱǰͣս޷ǸԼӡ
ԼӳȫˣƷ£ǹ°ҲΪ֮ж
壬ʦѾˣԺǾԲѡĵˡ
߬ȭͷ˵ʱȴ´һֵ
ಣ
ЩʥӳԱʹٷһȴǸʹķ˵ľĿУȻһʹ˾ŵɷ
ʥӵʵھѾǳǿˣʱգлһԪһָ¡
Եĸ̾
ʦ壬ʵֻ³һԪڣһԪڣʵﵽɷϵҲ˰ɣ
̾Ȼ֮ɫ
˵Ĳ׼ȷһԪڣʵﵽɷϵľԲᳬһʮˣҲһ˶
仰һڹ£ʱȫʯ״̬
ʦ֮ʦǷҲΪʵвһԪڵĵλأ
ѹʵ
вĿǰ⵹ڡȫһԪڣһԪҲɰȻӦԣҲ̫ġҪףһԪԶȱӢ֮
¶ǿš
ԭһԪڵʵҲˣʵڸ߹ݵһˡ
а
ʱȴ֣˵ĪҪСһԪڣһԪڵǿһ׵ġڣҪһ£ŲߵݣҲΪһԪڵĵӣʦ

¾һŵͷЩͻȻΪԼʦĸס
¡
ɽѵ幬һطȻͻȻķ˱ը
ʥ˹Ȼޱߣ
ϵĻӿдʱеĽƾȻҲȶҡƺʱܷը
ǿһ˶ԿһȺʵǿĸ֣һԪ֮
Цźˡ
˷˺ǽҡҡ׹зǿҵıըһƬâ˵ĹȺɲǼһ
һǧʥӳԱܵ˷Ч֮һͬʱѪ
һΪǽâҫУ屾ƺǰ˲١
ͷ͵ĳŵһŻ棬ڿֲĺХУ澹ȻճһԲĴӡ
Ȼϣǰûȫ
аţֻʱչֵʵǿ
屾ʱһǧʥֻܹѡˣΪʱıʵ̫ǿ
ಣ
ƾջӳһצоȻռ˺ѵ֤һצ֮㹻ǿ
ӭʥ˳أ
ϸеȻ󹧹
ӭʥ˳أ
һǧʥӳԱҲͬʱڴʱֱʡ
ಣ
α˲ʧȵٴγʱѾ仯Ϊα塣
Ҹղôˣڱ仯Ϊ屾еʧȥˣ
аţֻʱĸоں˲ãǰһֱƺĥ
һ䣬Ҳ˷Լϵ飬ʱΧˣһ΢΢һЦλ
˵ĹȺѾڷŵıըв٣Ǿʥ˵ĵȴȻԭţƺΧıըûӰ쵽޴Ľɫܡ
Ҫʮ꣬Ȼڱˣ̫ˡ
¹Ц
ಣ
ֱӷ£Ȼ΢Цվǰ
ʮҲѸٸһЦ⣬ƺǹĸûڳ϶ݡ
λϣƺ˴ڸղЩ־壬˻Ĺ볤𷣡
˵Ǿ޴ķ֮أ¶ɬЦ⡣
ʥ⹬ˣҵȻԼ޽ֻҪʥƽ£ҵȱ㱶ˡһΣʥ˺˶ƺ±ΪҪʮϵʱ䣬ʥ˲Ż˭֪ʥȴ̫ˡ
ĿЦ
ЦȴǺܲһβȹƣԼΪ˳ĽھɷҲֽһˣڵĻƺ˽ƣ屾£ԭĻҰɫѾת˽ڰɫĻ档
һ֮峤˵Ҳʮڴ顣
ʥ˵ķڣһһѾʥʹãΪЪϢ֮أ⴦طʥ˵ķûɡ
˵˫۲ΧƬɭ֣Ϊ֮ؾȻǷûɣ˺䡣


1292 
ϣ֪ʲô幦ЧΣϸ˵
˼һᣬЦʵ
˽ϢǴƺ˻У˰ȴҲûһ֡
ʥˣ˷ƺû֣ϡ֪ⷨʥ˻ּɵһָⷨĹЧһԵɿռʹãԳһ磬ҲռݾݵĿռ䣻֣ռָУ꣬Ҳ֣Ϊռӣ˲񣻵ռʮֳ㣬ڴ˵ٶȿȾ֮ء
̸ЧҲͼ˵㣬ⷨЧҲûᡣ
һռָѣöӻûҵĺǿ󣬾ҵõҲûʲôô
а룬ʥµĵһԼ޸ˡ
û˿ԥֻЩᣬһֻϵָ֣ϣһöɫĽָҫŹâ
ŶȻҵĺЩƣ
̾ʱѾȻ˵ʥˣһѾѪڣ½ȡⷨϵȻ󽫴˷ԭ
ʮһͬʱ¶ı飬Ϊػĳɳ˿̽ӻζźľŬɭֽڲúʧ
һ뷨ϵôƬɭҲҲڡ
γʱ뿼ԷһǱ㱣ֳĬ
ϹȻʼ׼нָϵʱ͵ĺȵöӣҶԲôԣöӣǾԲܵġ
һ˵ʮͬʱ˵ԲɣһҪԭ
ðɣǿҪƬռ͸ңڱߣ
ԾݵģԷǲԼġ
ǣתߣҲͬʱϡ
ʥˣߣµ˹ˣʥĪҪȥ
дΪţæ
ܺãôô˵ˣһУڣҿڶʲôɣ
Ц˵жԵڶмڴ
˴ʱƷ£ռָһñȶϻɳĮķҪǿĶ࣬ȴܾˣа̾ϧ
˾ÿϧȴҲƷ¡
ڶڹ£λǰ
ϾֱǰƬȥҲǰ
һǧʥӳԱɢΧס
ڵִ﹬ʱȴͻȻ߶һϵ´һ¡֮
ףƺЩԾǸʥӳԱоȻ̰֮ɫӦǲֵܳ顣
ľ쵽󣬵ԵĪżڣһ뿴ڶ
ʲô
ϵһȴϣЩȻ
ֹǴϣҲ֪Щʲô
ϣʵһû׼üڶ֪ΪΣҴʱоЩѣΣƺµƻδɢԣ״̬ȥʵ̫ͻ
ҵĳһԭȴЩȣΪղԼֻоһ˫̰۾ʮϣҲЩɡ
ƺʲôеͬʱҲӦ޲ѡ
ˣֻǸоΣȴûоڣҲѾһ˿ߡ
һ˲䣬ֵԥ֮ɫѯʮһϡ
ϣ򲻿ɣ
һϵ΢΢ţȻ˵
ǰǵʥ˳֮ʱȵԤ⣬̳֮ڱʱǴʱ䣬ǱΥѵ֮ѵΥ
һϵڶ˵֮ǸʩѹӶô̿¼̳
ڴʱ˿̣ʮλоȻһ޳ֹ̳ͣд󾪡
ѾڣʱɷһߣΪЩ峤ϱһһʥˡʱȴѾڲŲʵĵزĺڡ
¶֮ɫֻεıȭ˵ʥˣشӣ̳ȡʥµķ¿̲ݻԣʥ˼¡
ΪЩ峤ϵ̰Ѿ˻ɣʱǾ峤ȫԼ
ϴԲӣ֪Ƿϵһڽ
ʵ
㣬شʥˣҲϵ
ǲͶˣȻûϵʲôʱôǰļƻ㲻ǽ쿪̳ǲǣ
Ѿ쵽֮ղ˵Ĵʱ㲻ɡ


1293 
ϿЦһȻŰ̾һƵ˵ʥˣȷʵʥļգҵǰʱҲǽ졣ǽ첻ֻ̳Υѵ
ѵҪҸҪѡһɣѡѵôһ뿪˵أѡߣҲһȨһ𰸰ɣ
˵ȻתߣҲ
ʮе˼һ̵󣬴æߺʥҵѾʥ˵Ϊء»ᰲ޹ʥϢȵʥת򿪼̳֮°ɣ
ѾЭˣҲ͸µ̨ף΢Цĵͷ
һƺЩ˷룬ЩƺͰ׵ˣʱҲЩȫΡ
ðɣҵɭߣλɣ
˵仰׼ȥ
ǣȴһ£һǧʥͬʱƶЩʥΪĵ㣬쵽ΧԲʮ֮⣡
ǰԴϵİŲκڣȻǲԸЩʥӵı
ЩʥʵҵĻͲʸ񣡺οЩһҲҵ
а룬ȴû˵Ǵϣһ²
ʥ뽲
Ϲ˵
Щʥӵ׹ָӣǴϣأ
⵹ʮּΪЩʥǱʥ˵ģʵָȨȴڴС
ʥʱָӣʥʲôҲָЩʥӳԱ
˵֮ȻɫµʥӳԱӼռʱʥ˵Ǳϵκ˲Υʥ˵Υߣɱ⣡
ָ
ʥӳԱͬʱ
ʥԶ֮ңκ˵ҳҵ֮УôΥ˵ˣΥߣɱ⡣
´
ʥӳԱͬʱȴΥûһִ
ҡҡͷ׼֮ʱȴһȣʥִʥ˵
Ϸּ
ʥӳԱĸˡ
¶޵Ц⣬ȻգҲͬʱա
ʮͬʱֵʥ뿪
ʧ֮ʮ¶֮ɫǴ̾һƵ쿪̳ˣʥȴֹͣҪΥ֮ԣɸǺð
ϣϷô̫ǸʥˣǴ̬ǿӲһ㣬ҲҵͿ̳ˡ
һ˵
˳ϣԲӣһΪ忼ǣܶʥ˵̬ǿӲأѵ˳ܵʥ˱ӻн𣿡
һϵԵ
һᣬʮһѾֳɣһŶʥǿӲһŶʥ˹ڵмɣֻվһΪ˫Ȱ⡣
Цٿϻ飬ǣһҵڲУһҲٵӰδ
һ·УٶȵǲƬ޹ɭϿգ֮ңŽ档
һŲϣѰ˸辣Ȼڳ˸¡
˼ˣҲڸ֦ͣϢ
ղô£
µһ˳Ĭ
һ˵ڣһֲýƣԱֹ͵
ˣȻʾһýơ
ͬЭ£һ̫ĽƽԲƽװΧˣ֮õĽƣҪ͵ȴҲԲôˡ
ƺвһȻЩ˵λҷԶԶô򵥣Ǳ˵Ҫʥ˵ķԭʵ򲢷ô򵥡
Ǹ֮ʱ䷢˲̰̰ʮ֮࣬Ҳ²⣬и˶ǵ¼̳뷨ԣҲżٽ岻ΪڣԱֹͣ¼̳ǲʱѡ
ֱ׵˵ס
ʱϷҲֲ֮УϧϷ޷Щ˵δ򣬾ͿǵҪʲôˡ
Щϧ˵
ʦ壬գڽ¼̳ҲһɱǣҵѾԤС
۾ǰƺδ龰
ɱǣߣҪд˵˼Ѱ·һԪڵӺ۸ɣϷΪǵĿΪ˷ȴû뵽õɱڣЩϷķӦٶࡣ
̾Ϣе޳Ĳ²⡣


1294 
λʡЩô֪ǻѵȵԤƩ磬ʥһ£Ǽ١ǹ֮ǰĽɫǼ٣
еʡ
⣬Ǹʥ˿϶ʵڵ飡쾫ϸ걩¶ڷ֮Уϵʷһ㣬ǿԿ϶ġֻҪܹ϶ǵܵʷʵģôʥʵڵģǸʥҳһģһԣʥʵڵģôȵԤ㲻ᷢ󡣡
һϵеĽ˺һ˼ڶͷͬ
ǰɺϸͲͨԤ⣬ô֪ǻڴʱǰЩʥӣƽսҲһ˲׼õġҲ׼꣬ǽʥˣս֮еָνأԣҾЩ潫ʥˡ
Ҳ˷Уһͬ˵ͷͬ
һֱĬţ·˼⣬Ҳڵһ⣬˼Ȼ׸˶һǺصƣһƺΪǵʵΪأ
ⲻѽ͡ϷΪǵĿĸˣԣսϵҪΪ׼ģңҲΪ׼ģĿıΪʵ
˼˵ֽ˴һɻС
ʦ壬˵Ȼ˶ǷΪΪҪʵⲻЩ໥ìˣҶԷȤҾ;Բʵ
һ⣬ǣ˳˼֮С
һֱʱһ֣̽ԶԶԼһ˼Чʡ
ʦֵʣ˭ܻش𣿡
Цʵ
ʱգ۾ڵΪ˵һıǲõûõڣʵǿҲǷǻ÷ɣ
˵ĺãΪƺЩˡ
ɷһЦԺзٵ˼ţ˽Լ˵һ˵ĺܺãҪôΪʵҪôΪ棬ǵ棬Ǿǵ¼̳еķԣʵΪ˰ǻ÷
ʦ壬ǲû˵ȥȡ˵ҵõ󣬻Ұһæѵƭҵģ
˵ҲƸ࣬Ҫ˵ʵĿģ治Ǽ򵥵顣
أ˵ҲŷǳҪãΪ˽츳֮ˣʱͨ۷ԽĽӽʵˡ
˲ϵ⣬ȻһһԷУҲķ˵ìܣʶ׵ǡ
Ϊ˵ıʲô
֪㣬Ǳֱʵ
˶Լ΢΢һЦȻ󻺻˵ʦ壬⣬Ҳֻܹ²⡣Ǹղ۵ͬʱҲ˼ɣǸضص壬峤õûгھ֮СǰʥˣԣǵѵǱѾǰԤ֪ǵĵңҾǿ˵ʥˡ
ȻڵʵʥˣҾȫǶʥ˵衣Ϊҵʵԣ˲ŻзǷֵ뷨
УһֱмʥˣΪ͵ĵܣһ֯ʥӣʥ˵ꡣ
ûоԵģһҲʱƶı䡣ʥʧȥټЩ˵Ҳ𲽸ƣҲγ˼ת䡣
ҲЩУǶʥ˻еĸм֮ģΪ漰⣬⵼˵ķ硣
ΪˣԣǲŻìܣһвŻԵ˷롣ʦʵıҾǿ¼̳һҪȡ¼̳еķȻٽɱ߸ϳ塣
ڣǸ˽˭ǵУ˭ѣԣҲŻѡЩʥ˻ӣȻɭѰЩĴ𰸡
һȻЦЦ˵֮ܶܵ˭ǶҪ׼Ǿǽ˵ɵˣһҲҪţţҲҪ
֪ûһ⣿ǾЩȫȨƺʮϣЩǷԴ壬ǲ֪ԣҾһȥ˵ֻ˽ͨˣǲŸҳĵˡ
һͣȻûָ˾ıȴ˽޲ͷķ
Ϸǰװ׵ˣڣ˵ıкξ֮УλһԪ֮ˣһԪڽ¹˭һССˣѲһԪڡ
ڣϷһ飬Ǿ˵ڵĻһģѰҵʵɣ֪λΪΣ


1295 
ˣȻȴ˵Ļش
ͬ飬һ򶫣ҾԲ
Ц˵
ϷҲͬ⣬ʥˣһΣһиʺһЩ
Ҳ¶΢Цı飬۾ȴˡ
ƺ˼ʲô˶һۣϸκε顣
ͻȻͬתͬ˵ʦܣȻʦ岻飬ǶҲָǣģҶʵޣȴһᶦ֧㣬ԲΥ
лλΣҲͲˣӴ˿̿ʼҪǽһԪڵӣһҪЭѹأ
ȭ˵ϲϲɫȴʮ֮أΪνԵһĪ壬ɲŶκһˡ
ʥ
һȭӦŵȴȫȻ֮ɫ
ʥ
ˣҲ̱ȭӦŵ
ܺãڣ´һΣҪ־ܽľ룬Ƿ֮ʱҲҪԶ볬ľ룡ǿ𣿡
ʵ
ʥһ
ͬʱ
ڶʱ׼սǾڱʹȫںϷȻʵ
˵ڶȻ⿪ƣٴա
˵ľ۾ӵƺʮַɢ֮ڶѰˡ
ھһķкڵִ˵һ۾
⴦۾֮ǰһƬ֮أȻʿţ⵹˰Ծȡ
˿ɲηЩľӣھӵǰ
˴ԶʱľӱѾˣٵĺŽ𣬳г˵ľӡ
ǰˣ
һ崫ȵ
Ҳ˵ľôڴ˵س֣Ǳû˵۲ǰľӡ
֧ӵƺֻ࣬аңЩǸƵĺΰǽЩǽȻӲ֪׳֮
˵˶ϵأǺˣҪϵأȡͣ뿿һ
һģսʿһʿ߳ǰˡ
ʱҲԶǽҵģÿ϶Ծ޴д֡ϡ
Ŷߣˣ
Ц˵Ȼϸ۲Щʿǵı顣
Щʿһֱǰսͦȵֻǧ֮ʱЩʿѾ󲿷ֿԿ˵ģ
ʥˣʥ˵ˣ
Ǹϲ˵
ʥˣ
ʿʱ鷢̫ͻȻȼϻҪ˷ܡ
ӭʥˣ
ѾĹطݣΧľҲʱڵأԵ¶ĵĳ羴
΢ЦһۣԽ϶ʥһʵڵģЩʿҲԲôʱʶԼ
λ񣡡
˵ͬʱ΢һ䣬һº͵㴫ʿǰ
ʿûüлһ͵ϥǣвɶʥ˸Ϊη
ߣǹȥ豣ְȫ룡
ֱȻŴ̤ǰȥҲ
ʿڵл֮Ѿ궯һʱ䣬ߴĳǽ֮ϾȻһƬƬԴӲ֪жԶ
ʥˣ
ǳǽ֮ϵʿ󣬴Ĳ֤Щʿж٣иĺϵĴ
û´ЩѾʥ˵ΨһĵλǴҲ޿ȡ
ţѾӽһȺʿ
ʿȼֽŵһ֪˵ЩʲôȻ¶ӶЦ⡣
ҿԽ𣿡
Ц׺ʮ㣬Χʿʱоʥ˹Ȼ鴫
ԣ¸ʥ˴·룡
ǸĳЦе˵Ȼ첿ŴѸƽ
⴦а֮ʮ֮ߣøݲ֡
ΪЩʿߣԣŲŻԵ˺ΰ
һ·УڶоԼһʵѲԼأָооЩλãϾԼǱʶлǲΪǸʥԼйϵ
кһ޴ĵһ£ΪܵԭͺȻԼûǴǰĵܾ޴ȴҲȻ
ΧĹ㳡һȾΧ˸ɫʻܱЩϳԭ֮һ
ܿ죬֮ви߼ǰӭľһģߣʵȻѾﵽɷϣ⵹Ϊ⣬˵ʵԼĻҪǿ
ʥˣѾ֪ͨϼ壬·;ңԶϼҪһʱſԸϵ磬ʥǰڵĽϢ


1296 
Ǹ΢΢˵Ϊ࣬ȴƲס˷֮ɫ
ˣ˴󶯸ɸ꣬Ҳϲڣȥľȥģ뱻Լ𣿡
Ȼ˵ȴǸһݵϡ
һнʥʥ˽򶫣¾Բ
Ǹ˵ù²ɰ͵ЦΪ⻰ƺԼǰ˵һģһ
ʽʥ볤ϵǻ˭ģ
ͻȻʳ⣬ʮԻش
ǸҲ㶣ŹĻش𣺡ʥػ񣬳ϴǿߵĴһѡ»ѡػּ⣬ǳϵ
Ŷ֪ǵأ
ϵʵѾһǳд뷨
ҵػּ⣡
ʿĻش
ܺãʥػûбʥû壬ҪһУ
ԳԼʥ˵ݣΪͻȻЩ峤Ҳ֣ǿ齨һԼôҪԸ峤ϵıһЩ
ûʥˣû壡
һʿĺŴأΪʥ˵ĳ֣ЩʿмֱѪڡ
ãαʥǰ棡
´һĺ
ǣһصĴʹڲ֮㵽һյĿռ䡣
ԷʥǰϢ𣿡
ͻȻʵ
Ǹشʥˣ¿ԷϢϢȴܾãֻʱ䡣֮󣬱ŵϢᴫ
Ǿ;ŬϢҵڱ㻯ױĲ£ĪҪȰ裬¹
Ȼ˵
ǸһʹȻʿס
ʥЩף
΢΢һЦԭһתȵתʱѾһʿһģһףҲΪʿ͡
˰Գ䣬ȴǸԵѪոЩף֮˴Ѿʿ޶
ʥ˻ʲôԸ
Ǹʵ
ţҵȿټʿĪҪ¶˱ʥĺ¡Ѱһصķ䣬Ҫѯ㡣


ǸӦŵȻ㰺߳˴Χشʿ׷ֱ塣
⴦ۡҲٸۡĲǰݼֻȴЩͷΪ˲˿˱Щкһ
Ƚ˵֮ͻȻһȺŮӣЩŮʮ֮ࡣ
ӭظ
Ϊ׵Ů΢΢ŮҲ׷
˰ڰ֣ЩŮӲϲŽˣȴЩɻ󽫾ô½أ
ˣΪҪҪ⼸ˣǼ˾͵û˭йܣĪΪĺ
˵һŮ˲ΡΡȻͨؽ뵽һصĵҡ
ǸصĵңһӦȫ輸νУǣ˱
ʥˣ˴´Ҫ֮أΧн֣һû˿Կ̽Ϣ
ʵش
ˣ⴦طȴҲСЩлʲôˣ
ŵҵһʵ
ʥˣµĶԼŮŮ°ʱǼ˱شΪ׼硣ʥ˾òã±㽫һϳȥ
Щŵ˵ϾԵǴ˵еػʥʥˡ
ˣ㻽ǳ뿴۹Σ
Ц˵ǽҲ¶еĻЦ⡣
˿ǽϵĻأȻŲŻĿ
ˣǼ
˶źȵ̴εε
һṦ򣬶ŮһŤһŤĳŮļΪƣټһģһߣҲͬС졣
ͦƯġ
аĿŮŤǰŮжɫŮŶŮȹڡ
檣澣μˣ
ߵ˽ǰŹ
ô
дŭΪŮŻȹڣ´ȴ͸˿£ǰİ˫֣ƽʱһЦſһֻǣʥһԣȻöŮĴʮֲף
ˡ檲֪˴ӣ𷣣
Ůͬ˵¶֮ɫ
ߣϿȴһ·ʥ˵۾
ȵ


1297 
ǣ
Ůȴ
ʥˣ磬׼Ʋˣʥһãһ»
˹˵
ã
ЦȻЩǸĻˣû뵽˻ڴʱԼĸࡣ
ʥȥߴһһ
˱ȭ˵ͷͬǵš
ڽ˽ǵ֮ٶȲһơ
ʵǸŵù𣿡
ӦŵùǼŮˣҿŲǶ˫̥ǵıҲòɡ
ЦŻش
ǶŮֻһᣬû˵κλͿˣ⵽ôģɲԽ̽أ
ºʵ
۾Ĵڣһ˿ر飬ȴǳΣǵǿҵĵһۣұжǷֵΡ
仰ͬʱͷΪҲ
Ϸһ²ʲôֵΣʲôֵΣжϵأ
ɻʵ
ǺǣҪḻԼĹ۲һԤʦ徫֮ͨ°ɣ
ʵ
ǺǣȣϷңϷЩһֱչǷӦٶˡǶŮ˵ȴϷЩΡֻǣҲܹ֤Ǳ㲻ֵΡ
ЦŻشٴζɡ
УޣֻҪ˿ԾĵطҪ֮ɵˣڣֻ˲ֵ֮ˣˣһҪھεĻ˱ɣ
ٴ˵ͷǣԽԼҪϼ޻Ķࡣ
ʱ⿪˽ƣȴǽվţɫȻڵȴš
ɣ
Ц
ǣʥˣ
֮ǶŮҲ룬ʱѾһһ׵ȹӣԶžƲ˲ˮȻķϡ
ŮҲϵĶ˳ȣ⽫ĶСֶ˵ϡ
ȵƲһŮͬʱȥĳƺ¹ӭʥˣ
񣡡
һ䣬Ů㱻һɴ
ʥԼλòͣ˾ӵһʷصģ벻쾹ó
Ц˵
ʱͻȻָŮӣǣ
΢΢Ȼһ£ȻЦһˡ
Ҫ
ǶŮӾȻʧУýŭΪʥ˵
ǶŮãȻ֪룬ûüܣ㱻ͬʱڵء
ˣȻܣɣ
ŭΪǶŮӾȻͬʱˡ
ǶϵĸŮ㲻ܶǣ
Ůͬʱ˵¶֮ɫ
ϵĸŮΪʲôǰûߵкĿģ
ŭɶΪŮӾȻǶԼˡ
¶ĪЦ⣬û뵽´һȿԲû⣬ͬʱֿȴĸŮӣһ˫
ʥҪ𣿡
ɳ˵
ȻûУ
ѿڶȻָǶŮӺȵǶ̹ʥ򣬱ɱǡ
ǶŮӶһۣȻȻˣͬʱҧ˵ǳǵ£Ƕϵĵ̣ʥ˾ûж϶ҶҪԸʥˣҲԲᱳѶϡ
Ůһ˵ŭģŮȥһ˲䣬ŮȻͬʱǵгȥ
ʥԵȣһǶˣ
û˿ԥĳȥ
Σգʦ֣־
ҲǶһ̽Ͼŵ

ʹ˾ŵɷں֮壬ʱС
һҽǽͬʱǶŮȴͬʱ
ˣҲ̫ˣ
˵仰һߣǽ˵ˣٻɷȻѸٵںͽ塣
ѡѹǶŮսĿ֧ţʮѡ
һɷҲҰɱȵʵ̫󣡡
ȵʱƾѹסǰĶŮˡ
ֻղżʱ֣¾Ҫ׽Ůˡ
ΪڽûʩչκɷʱǶŮȴںһɷѾγ˾ʵһ͵ϮɱҲԽˡ
Ůڽľ£嶼ʮѣҪռݾƵĽ⼸һ񻰡
һ߶ԣھ޴ľ£ûܵĻᣬǱζ
ŮʮǿĹһѾ˶ǰ


1298 
ͬӥץС㣬׾ٵŶ˵ĸ첲ǶŮӵֻʣľ
ٴγǰʱֽŮڵϣȻġ
ⲻ飬ģʥзִ磡ŮӦǶ׽֮ˣ϶Խе̷֮ģҲһϳ顣
Ц˵Ȼýƣͬʱ˽񣬽в½ƣһҪ͵ֻҪʵ֮ϣƱػᱻ˷֡
֪ڶϵڵľʲô
ԹԵĺȾƣȻŽʵ
ʥˣ˴ǶϵأǸضŵĴ󽫾ͬʱҲϱһķߡ
ʵش
һ˵λκʣѯʣҵ
˵仰ѾЦſʵ˼ϵڣͬʵĴ󽫾
ˣڶϵڣһһͳ˧ͳ˧֮±Ĵ󽫾Ĵ󽫾֮ǰ˴󸱽ڰ˴󸱽֮»иϸĻ֡ʵְλԽߣʵԽǿ磬һʵѾˣȴȻֻǸѡ
͵
Ŷԭˣ֪ɷ֪Ĵ󽫾ƽʵﵽ˼ɷ
ʵнǰ˴ΪЩ֮Уȱӵǿʵĸ֡
ϵر˶ӵɷʵĸ֣ôʮϵؼӵиɷʵĸ֣Щ˵ʵֻʥҲǵְɣ
¾̾
ˣʥڴϵؾѡսʿЩ˵ʵǾʵǿġʵʥӲһԴκһеĸ֡
Ļش˲ԭʵȻԶԶֹϿô򵥡
ʥ㣬ʵﵽʲô̶ˣ
ڷˣϾɫ
ʥˣǿ˵ɷ
ЩŵĻش
ǰ˵ɷɱʥӵĲҪǿĶ࣡
̾
ǰνʥж˿˵أ֧ʥӵʵҲȻǴѡģһЧҴϰɣ
Ҳ̾ѾϵɺܴΪʥĸ¡
ϱӵп¼̳һһʥӵػƺҪԼԶȡǷǣΪβԼȡҪԼһͬǰأ
˼һ˽⣬ϯĽޣѾõ̫ҪõϢ
ʥһᣬԸЧұʥ𣿡
ɫʵɢ޵ǿ
˵ĿУϥأĻشʥˣԸЧʥʥˣΪʥ˶ս޺
ʥһ֧ʥӣǵһʱ֧ʥӵĶӳԸ
΢Цʵǻ۵Ĺâ
ֻǣµ޷ʤʥӶӳһְʥ飡
ϼϲǣϲܹõʥ˿أǵ޷ʤһҪְ
һιغΪսʿ¸ҵĽһ񡣱ʥģǱʥѡսʿҪΪսΪʥս
Կ˵ⷬĴ֪
½ʥΪʥ˶ս
ĺͻǼ˵ѾĻȾ
ѾһǾŮˣʥһʱʱ䣬ؽ֪Ϣڳ
һ۵ϵĶŮˣΪղŵһϯǹǶŮģǵıУѾµвܡ
еϵž޴ģҲǶ˼ԭڡ
ڶʥ˿ȵʹѶֶΣŮĸ飬ȴҲȲ϶ʥ˵
һ߶֪ȫ
ֻǲµʥϵλܵжʥ˵ķв˸ļƻ
Юļıоʥ˱˵ӣʮжôߵţȴʼձȲʥ˵ţΪʥж壬ûʥ˱û塣
Ѿ棬ֶʶŮȻŮӵȴ쳣֮ᶨȻԸѶϡ
ʱ֮ȴǸ󲻳κõѶϢļ٣޲õŮ
ʥˣѾȫʲκϢʥ𷣡
ʮ֮Σû뵽ʥԼԼıȴ˲


1299 
ĪԱʥ˵ʥ˿ˣϢ
ƽ˵
лʥ˶䣡
ıȭ˵ȻɫµĶһԡ
ʲϢⲢǺôģ෴ҲˣʮҲӵһҷӣЩҷӶԳϵһҲȶʥ˵͡
ȻѶЧǻǾ취ɣŮ֪ǵܣ֮ã
ֱԲִӿ»䣬նɱơ
֮Ƕ˱ϾŮˣʥնɱǣ֪Σ
ʵⲢǶһ٣Ǹһӡ
ʥˣȻԸҶϣôҪɱҪУһеƾʥ˷Ը
˵
ͽ㱳˶ϣǿɳܵͽɱǣҲòκϢȵϻһ᲻úģ
һŮָʹ
Ԥϵʥ˻һ쵽ԲẦʥ˵֣һڳϵĺʥѪսס
һŮӵĻ˷׷¶ɻ֮ɫ
˵ʥػûʥ˱û壡κηʥ˵Ķĵˣ
̲һеĺȵ
Ǻ˵ҵȴСܶϵĶǺСʱ򣬶ϱ̵ǣһ죬ʥ˻壬ǱǶѵսʿǽ壬ʥѪսס
ŮӼһŭı飬޲ó
˵ȴһֹסˡ
ô˵ǶУʥģ
Цʵ
ǣ
Ůͬʱ϶Ļش޵
ǰʥ˶жΪʥǰ壬ȴѡʱȴأѵǱ壬Ƕ𱨡

ʥǰȷʵжǣڵʥȴѾǵʥˡڳϵĴ£ѾʮǿˣǲҪı壬ͳ壬ǾԲΪΪóͳı
ŮͬʱڣԻ˵˫мҪų
ĻΪζû뵽ŮȻʵΪػʥôܻĻأֱʥˣ
ҡҡͷ׼˵ЩʲôȴһЦ
ðɣѾҩɾˣΪ壬ʥɱǡ
Ļ˵꣬ѾһָŻҰɫĻѸٵĽŮ֡
ֻһ˲䣬ŮоѸٵıڣԪ֮嶼޷Ա
˻
΢΢ſһ˵Ԫ֮ŻĿС
Ԫ֮壬ʥ˵ʵȻĪ⣡
΢Щʹȴֻһ˲飬ΪǶŮ˱Լʥˣֻ³һ㣬ûκɻġ
ɶŮԪ֮ѶҲ˵Ԫ䣬Լ⿪ֽһ
ԼĪƬ֮ǶŮͨ䣬Ӷصļھ
Ԫ֮Բ࣬ȴʤޣǻö˵ļҲ˸һ˽⡣
ԭս峤ǵȨ£սһֱšԼĪǧǰ屬˹ģ޴ݻսһսǧ֮ãγʮݵ̡
ΪʮݵԲ໥֮䲻ϵչսΪˣʮؽоӣ޽¡ڶ̶̵ʱڣΪ˵ڲսʵһֹ
ΪˣҲ˹ʶγ˴ʽϵĴһͳʮӵԼǿʮ֮໥ˣ໥Ȼγ˸֮ơռĵأκһصϣʵھʵ
ʮһãȴΪڵԤԣǰʥ˱»֮µʥ˻ǰ塣˽ԤԵѵһֱıԣʮϲſӭµʥˡ
˼һǽЩظ˽˳ЩҲһ
Ĳ԰ɫҲѾ³˼Щأǳϼţ֪ܵ
λʮѾٵıѵʥ˵Ķ䡣Ǳʥû´ĻһεĿֻΪԼһǵõҪĶҲ߱ɱʥˣ
˵仰ףΪԼء
ǶŮӵļУҲһֱ֮ˣСڲг̵ܽԴԸĸǶʥ˵׷档Ϊһ㣬ϲŻɳ̽ϼӼӣıǽ졣


1300 
ֻǣǶһУȻû뵽ɶŮԪ֮Ϣ
ʮ˽壡ԸΪʥַʮϣսɳҲ޺
ٴεϥ¹ǰʥıҲΪ֮ж
ȻûñʥʧĲܣʥʮֿ㡣ΪĹͣñʥʶ峤ϵıһΣδ˵ϡһҪ汾ʥʥӣΪδսף
һȻԼӼѾ۷ǲҪκԣҲͬԿס
ʥ˷ģһ߾ȫΪʥ˶սֻǣ»Щʣʥ˽𡣡
˵
ʲôʣ˵
Цʵ
¶ʥڴʮ֮󣬻᲻ڣ
Ȼʵ
ԲᣡʥĿȡԼĶȻΣκ뷨
Ȼ˵κǣΪʥѾԼ˳ŵǱζţǶŮʥ˵Ļȫһɺԡ
̸̬֮ӭⳡʮϽڴϵĵϣԼպÿʱ黤ӣһֻҪԼǿʵôǣʮϵ
ʥ˹Ȼ㣬ҵ
ڵ֪ļƻ󣬵޲ڡ
ˣʥһ£λǱʥĴ󻤷λڱʥҲʶһ
ֱӸ˷ְλΪʥ˵ĵһΪڶΪΪĻ
һһݼҲʥ˵ַ˳ġ
ȻҪһһڳԣ·Ҫһһߣ
ڻʮ˺Ƥ֮ڣ˸ҷԼǾֻɱ⡣
һ齨ʥĻӣһĳԱҪǶѪġ
ͬأ£ȴǲòܡ
ĿıԼõʥµĶɴһͳѡλʥĹ
νߵλҲԼļƻһΣʮϳҪԼսͻԼĿıǽЩȫ𣬷ֲһԶ׽ʥ˵쵼
أ󽫾ۡǰʥԼĴ󻤷ɴ󽫾г
ߣ£ֳַɽһɫս·ɭĹâ
Ļвʿһȴã֮ɫͲ֪ʲô顣
ΧǽʿʿټԺʿ
٣ȥƬ֮󣬽оȫϣӻ򲻵ߣΥã
վڵڶߵ̨ϣ

һٻһ󽫾
̵ʱڣ󽫾ϲϵĴŴ󽫾Ϊһεټ󽫾漰ã˵Υ
ϵʿڽԺмϣЩʿȵɱڵ
еɻŽǰˣΪʥ˵ĵܼ鲼ʮأԣʿѾʥ˵òһģһ
ˣЩʿҲֻ֮ɫκ˵ڴʱ
ɫսף
Ľ֮һഫǰֻ׷ʥ˵˲ʸźɫսףɫսֻ廤ӳԱſӵС
ɫݣĹϰף
ɫսһǼ䶯˵飬ʱ˿̣һɫսףΧǴɫսף˵ݡ
Ƭ̹򣬽ۡѾһǧϵսʿԶԣЩҪǸ󽫾Ȼ̫ࡣ
ԼʱһһȻ͵һԾëԾʿǰ
ھû׽кͼʱͻȻתȻǵϥ¹أԺ²μʥԼĴ󻤷
ʥˣĴ󻤷
ھĴԶֶ·ǡ֤ʵ˵뷨ԭվ̨ϵĺӱʥˣߵΪ
󽫾ԼЩʿֻҪɵӣʱҲ֪ˡ
ûκ´ǧ˵ʿͬʱϥ¹أͬʱظ󽫾֮
λʥʱٴν壬ԲΪܸλĤݡһΣ¹ԣʥŻڴ˵ء
Իϵ˵ͬʿϥأϢĻ
ʱ˿̣ڵĺ֮飬ΪھӣߵľӣҲһش
ͨʿߵľӣһǿɱԲһ߿ԱģһԪڣҲȫԾӵʽչǰ


1301 
Ƚ֪ʥػˣʥһнΪδ˴Σһ޴ıʥΪӡҪλʿʱ򡣸λǷȻػ񣿡
˵ۺǿߵҲ鲻Խһ
棡µԸΪʥ˶սԸΪδս
һ׺˫۵ɵ󣬼嶼ھҵĲ
ͷʿѹѾõ͵ͬʱ棡µԸΪʥ˶սԸΪδս
һֱĴز˾ϥأأŸ̨ϵʥˡ
ʥ˵ЩʿЧҵҪԭôĸʱЩʿ𺳵Ҫԭ
ЩʿУ϶ϵңҲбϴԵʿڴʱ˿̣ȴȫż飬ڶʱ䱻ʥ˵ˡ
̫Сʥ
ĺȵĹâ
ʿԣ͵ͬʱ棡µԸΪʥ˶սԸΪδս
ڶκǰҪĶ࣬ߣʿͬкֱô󽫾ۡ

һ˵Ҫǹ˵ĺ
棡µԸΪʥ˶սԸΪδս
ʿٴǧ֮⣬һŭʥѾ׵ڶصϢķ񴫵ݳȥ
սʿûǱʥʥҲǣ񣬱ʥ齨һ֧ȫµʥӣӳΣԱʿѡֻҪϱʥҪ󣬽Կɼʥӡ
ɢΪǿ
Ϊʥ˶ս
ͷŭھѾﵽһֵ
λʿ𣡡
΢΢һЦЦ׺ʮ㣬ڷͬʱսʿо屻һ͵Ĵ
лʥˣ
һֱĺ΢΢ͷЩʿʱֱ
Ӵ˿𣬱ʥʥӳԱ⻹齨ʥ֮ѪӣָΪλѪߣ
ָžǰһλ˵ͻίλĿɿڴ
ϲʥ˿㣬лʥˡ
ûϵὫشԼĸ٣Լе½УҲΨλʵΪǿֻϧһֱϴѹԲӸְ֮
ίΣҲϲ⣬ȷԼ컹Ҫˡ
ʵ֮£ȴֻĸ٣ǱϴѹģˣҲʥ˵Ϊǿҳ֮
аƻ齨һּʥӣȻ齨һ֧ģѪӣһ̶ȵļܿʮϵʵȨʱᣬǹ˺ԼҲռ˺֮
԰лʥ˶䣬ֻҪһϢд棬ıΪʥ˷սһѪ
ĸжĤݴ
δܾʱʿȻͳһжĤ֮⵹һ
֪ⶦĤϵڣǰʥҲûܵȫ˵ĶĤݣȴû뵽Լһ١
ڽѡѪŵҪ֮󣬱׼뿪󽫾
ʥ˽ٵڶصϢҲԷٵϢɢһʱ֮䣬ϢΪ˵ڶҪϢ
һ֮Уλңѡһǧ
ڿзʱ·˼㳲һŹϴ˵еʥˡ
յһǧʿȫǴĻѡģЩʿѾ׻˴ɫһѣΪĿʥˡ
ʥ˿ͣΪδʥ˾齨һ֧ʥԼʥѪսӣˣǴﵽʥߣٱ룡
ʥ˷ӡʵֻΪѰ¸ңҳϵʿǣ¸ҳǼ¸ҳϣϽʥ˵ľӰɣ
ʮжĿںһֱڶصϿմţЩϢ󲿷ǳ֣֮ȴǳʿ֮ڡ
һ齨ʥ˻ԼѪսӵϢ˼Ϊ֮
ȻǼ򵥣ûһʵѪսӶ޷룬ʥӡ
һ·ڿѲΣκЩϵʥ˵ĳǿӰ£еѾʥ˵ľӣѡ̣Ϊ¹ԣѰ·Ϊ
һʱ䣬齨ʥӱԱʥսʮԱ
ȱĵѡģʽչֳĸҲ˰ľ


1302 
˵ھݴأɶţëȴûһӵǱˣǿʵһо˾ȡ
ЩϾȻıݣߣ۸һԪǼƵóѣΣӣ
а롣
ǶŮӵԪЩص飬ûй
ϾȻıݣǰζû뵽ģķЩֹ֮ͣĿı׼֮Լȡ÷Ȼ̺ǿռݣΰļƻǱǰõϢ
ǶŮӵݲǶϵĸŮô򵥣ʵ򣬶Ƕϵ˽ŮΪʵǿ󣬶һǸڶصĽԣһ뽫ոֻȴû뵽龹Ȼᷢչһ
ʮϵļƻУ˴ǰʥʵǿֻҪõҪķȻپȫ徫Ӣ֮ʥˣô彫һͳݣʱÿĳ϶ӵиأҲΪǿ塣
ϵѾΪȡԱĻأӵƾʷУȱıǶʥ˵ȱǿߡ
ػ񣬾ͬŷϵ۵Ĺһ㣬ϵʧֻʣµʱֻὫϵ۵һʽѣһ£ϵͻȻʱǵֻأ
ѵеʥͻȻʱⴥĲ˵򣬸˳ѹֵһŴ˲һʰ
Ȼʮ˸˼ԼУⳤõȥʥ˵һ
˻ʥ˽ٵڶĵʮ죬ڵڶ˶֪ʥٵϢļʥ˵ľ֮С
ӿηɣ
齨ʥӳԱѾ˰֮ЩʵӳԱʵҪȴϵЩӳԱǿ˲٣ѡҲлʵﵽɾŵɷˡ
ʵٴ֤ĸֲЩư׻ԲԵߣȻͻȻģȻɫս׷ʥˡ
ʮ֮Ŵֱһϵأ˻δִ֮ʱϢѾ˹ʥˣˣʥһĸҲֱ֮ơ
ϵأһͼʥˣȴǱʥ˵ѹһ˵
ʮյϢʱһҲݿɬʵ̫ͻȻʮҲ֪Ǻá
Ѿʧȥƣʥ˵Ѿ֣ʮϵңҲѱߣοһأ
ʮڽŵֺ󣬸´ͼľӢеϵأֻʮϲܱ֤㹻ʵԿʥˡ
ڽ£ʮͬʱʼܵжĿı֮ǰ徫Ӣ
ҲͲµʮϻʹǰϵأӵڶֵ֧֣ðķȴ̫
ΣɲΪ¶ԼķΣ֮أǱӿٶȣִÿһصʱ̡
Ը߱սʿȥ£𵽵ЧǰȥΪãȴʤޡ
ʥѾɳʮ˷ָʮЩ˻˲Ѫսʿٶȼ볤Ƿͷжٶ޼
޷ʱǳ򳡣ҲԵЩ޼¡
ǣֻܹٶеڵҷӣ˳㽫ϼϵء
һºʥѾﵽǧ֮ڣЩҲӵɷʵѾǿ಻ѡ
ѪսӣΪƵĽͣȻϵߣЩ͵ҲﵽɳڵʵӵɷҲռ֮һ
˲ִٵ£Ѿʮ֮˶֣ʵ̤ݣҲ̤ƽκһɣȻһԪڡ
ƺƵĴϺ󣬾ֱϵĵ򣬶һӴĿսϣսЩ¶ڸƶɵķսʯǧ˳
Ѫսӵսʿƿսһ·εصǰϵĵ
Ȼᷢչһˣ
ŭڣϵĺ۾Ķǽϵĵͼǵͼϣڵ㳯ڷж
⸱ͼһͼڳϸ࣬Ȼ˼ҵ
ϣΣҪֱϣ˴βǱʥǰȥءΪϣȴʥƿأȫΣ
֮ƺһҲηϣʱҲӽаϡ


1303 
ƾʲôѵϣѵĳӲˣϵˣ
ϵѹݺݵĳϣǶһŭĺɣû뵽ϵƾȻ֮ǿ
ϣϣⶼʲôͷˣǻʥϴŴ󲿶ӹˣǺãʥ˵ʵɲ⣬˶ֻҵȻлʵǰı𣿡
ĳƵ˵˫üǱ
ĳһ˵ͬʱûĳϡ
ĳϣεı֮иϹĸжˣԼ
ϲȫ˺ƤȴǲںĳϣһҲ
ߣϣ㻹˵ҿѾʥ˵Ļأִش˶ٸ֣ûʸָϷ򣡡
ĳŭˣû뵽ȰҲᱻìͷ
ǣһΣϵʧȥƣϱΪ¸𣡡
һֱĬҲԮĳϡ
дѵûκδⲻ۸𣿡
峤Ҳ˵
ʧ״̬߰ôһܣɺȫϱ죡˭Ҽϱ㿪ĳϵλ
˷쭣еĳϴ㵵һԲڲ֮󣬶ҧҧڻǱƢ㿪Ϸɣ㲻ϷϷҲ׼ˡ
˴ͷˣĳҲȥˣٴγһţϼҪˡ
ĳϴῪ⻹ʷһΣΪʥ˵Ĵƽڳϵìܡ
ʱʥӳԱŵ񣬵ڵأٵ˵λϣʥ˵ľѾƽֻҪʱɵִϵء빬֮ҲֻҪʱ䣡
ڳһǰҲڴʱϢı⡣
Ҽ⣬ʱϢ
´ָʾʱڳҲʧȥ˼ƽʱ˿̣ʱ䱦󣬶ʥ˵ľҲԽٽ
ϴʱһѡԸڱϵģϵǰӣǲԸϵģǾվ
һһٵ˵Ѿɢһǿɱ֮
ڴϵǿɱ£һΣǶҲûиҿǣڳĬ˴ϵָӵλ
ټڸ֣һʱҵȼǰӭʥˡ
´󣬾ҲƺΪ֮һ٣һλûʧܣлʥһϸ¡
֮ʴӭӵִ˴ϵأ⴦طѾǹ಻Զ
˴ºֻҪָӱɣΪ¿˲żüã֧Ӹ磬ŨŨɱơ
ڣڹϷ˫ʴ
ʱգĿ࿴
ûãʱѾȫľ񣬺ѹѹһƬӣЩָ£ڳôϵҲа𾪡
һֱڲսˣ˾ռߣϽָ߾ӵľ顣
һ֧߾ǿǿ󣬵ƱԿĳʱʵĴʥ˵׷ߣ֮ǿ󲻽ڳϵ֪ҲԤơ
߾һԲİնڿУֱס˿еƲ㣬õȫӰ֮С
廯߾ӣԴĴ⣬ӱֳ˼֣оɣҲ߾ն
ʮߵľԶԶҪһһΣʮϼս׷ȫ˳Ҳʮ֮ڡ
ͨӣһռžԵƣ߾ӣȻھڶࡣ
˫ƽ󣬽û˵Ϊƾս޼˫ûսԣ˫ľڿţʷϾ޽еġ
ʮϴʱԳսǸصĸػһս֮һǧʥӡ
һɫĲӣһǺɫĲӣ˫նϢĳĬ
˫֮£ʥ˵Ľɫ߸ţǡʮϵľӡ
Ƭ֮ڳȻû˵ֻʥˣŴ˵еʥˡ
ұȳĬҵͷ˵ЩϿǴḷ́
аһҲżǵŶԷ
ƴĵʱͻȻһڳʮ֮ĻԶ
һʾ£ѾսǰȻ˵ڳľսĻ
ϵػڴˣΪʮϵҰĲѵʮȡʥĵλ𣿡
ĺ쳹ϿգϬĻһľӶʱٵŭʮϡ
ˣĻʮһʿϾԷͳ˧ػ


1304 
ţָоʮһʿ
ʮϲһνС
ʱͻȻսϿգǿ˫ľӶѻȸ
ͻȻһϵػ񣬽Σ֮䣬Ƿʶʥ
ػ꣡
ͬʱۺ˵ֻһ߶ѣܿ죬һڿзĺţٴ޷Ƶ
͸ηϣȴڰ͵ЦЩںеԼ̸˵ġ
ĻУֻ֪иһԼſԻǷǶǳǵſɱȡ
Ȼۿʮһľʿ䣬󲿷Ѿ¶ŵı飬ΪԵĿǴ˵еʥˡ
ʮϣĤݱʥѵȡʥĵλ𣿡
ȵʮҲɸоз
֮⣬֮⡣
ʮϸûϵʥ˵ƾȻ䣬ȷ˵ķʽʮЩֲ
û̫õʱ俼ǣ˫ȭ౧͵ڿг񣬡ʮϹӭʥˣв֮ʥ˺
ʮʮϵľҲͬʱȴǵϥڿУ˫ֱȭ֮
δ˵ֻЦһ
ߣдǵĤǶʥ˲ôԵ˵ĳϡ
һ£ָڳϺȵģǷŭ
һǧɫʥҲָЩŭˣϾУʥػ񣬶ԷЩ󲻽ʱ񣬶֮ǵϥ֮
ʮ϶پޱԩΪǰ֪ʥ˲ں⣬ԲŽڼ࣬ʥϣʱʮϥ֮δС
˫ţȴֲδȫһ̫ˡ
ʥӵʿʥѪսӵʿҵȸʥĤ֮ǿǶʥ˵
ھͬʱŵ
¹ӭʥˣ
ڿжжĤ֮ʥʥѪսҲͬʱ
ɽھеĤ֮뻮һͬʱĤγһǿ
ΪΣΪ˽ʱȴȻս֮ϣܾٵЩΡ
Ȼ⽻ģϾͬԼĳôܹжĤݵĴأ
ھĤ֮󣬷öӵʿµȵס
ھ񣡡
֮䣬ʿѾڿıֱ
ʮΣٴҲû뵽ʥ˾ȻЩָӵķҪóȡľӣЧˡ
ڣʮǰ⵹ǷĤʥˣʱҪάֹϵҪʥ˺Ĺϵ
¹ӭʥˣ
ʮһһֻѪţѪڣڵѵҲԺг֡
ΪʥչֵǿĵͷųˣԥηĶжĤ֮
ֻ죬ΪƸΪȻȣȴҲˣ
аԼݣʱ޲Զ׷ΪİȾ
ֹǻۣΪ֮۷ǻԼҲͲȥټսʿټˣҲֲս֮ķʽ
һʿʮϻûüƣȻӼȫʧˣ֮һ˹ĸʥ
о󲿷Ȼվţ⵼ʮڴʱҪûѡأʮҪ˺ԼһӪȣ޷Էһս
ʥϣµ˾ȡʥ˵ĵλ˼ʥ죡
ϺεĶжĤ֮񣬶ʮһҲֻβϡ
ʮڿжĤ֮һӵʿǡ
ЦǰľӣûлػҲζûǰľӸ
ߣʥټսʿΪ壬ټ˶սʿĺڣ
ʵ
ʮϣĺڣ
˸ĻȵսʿҲ͵ĺ𽫳һöʮץ
ԭʮΪƾ賤߽ʥټ£˿ˡ
ңʥֱսҲ˽˶ѵľҪõĶࡣ
ŭˣԵ׼˵ЩʲôȴʥЦ˭ģ
ڳ
ϲòڿУȻֶĤݵƣб׵ʥδԩˡЩ꣬ûгˣҲҳһţҵһһΪ룬˷ټսʿĿıǱʥˣʥ˻ҵһ


1305 
ʥ˵ĺ뱣ʥˣ̽ɢЩӡԸΪʥ˵𣿡
ʱвʮһľ֣ˣ˫սǷսԼһʤҲڰ˳ϡ
ڳϱ죬Ҫ޳ʥ̫ϼ޻ˣ˵Ĺûʣȴʮ
ɢӣһҲȫʥסˣʮҲܲ˵ġ
ʥλĪûʵʴȨȻҵһնɱʱȫʥ˵ƿУҲ˵ʥ˽δ
ʮϼ縺˵ʹԲʥȫƿ壡ԣֻҪʮϲؽ档
ϰ˵ֱָʥˡ
Ŷǵ豾ʥأԼӱʥôǱѾ˱ʥˣ壡
λʿ壬ʥ˵³ʲô
ֿʼ·ӵĺ壬ʥߣõ
ʮϼҪˣЩµʿҲвٺˣʿһ䡣
ಣ
ȼ˷ɽʱҲɽ·Ҳͬʱһʱ䣬ǱƳյ
ǱѣҪۣʮϣжķϣٽɢʿǽΪԶĵˡ
еĽֱָʮϣҲͬʱһָأһֳָֽǰ
ɱڣɽӣ
ʱ˿̣Ҳ˵ɱĵĺ֮飬һδ˹ģ߾ӣָоÿԻһУʮϴӡ
սһʮһʿʮ϶ڿУһľȡ
ʥˣĪҪ̫ˣǲĳϣ㣬Ѿǵʥˡǣ벻ǣ
ѡڴʱʮһҲϱһµսߡ
ǣ
һϵսʿӿվȻӳǵʿȴЩȻԥ֮С
սʿǣǿҪˣʥѾǵʥˡǵǸޱߵʥˣҵһ׷棬ֻϧʥˣʵ΢ҵһʣʲôʸʥˣʲôʸػ񣿡
Ѿ¶ʥ˵ĴһսľģˣҲѾ˿
µЧҳϣ
һʿ͵ĺսʿҲԽԽ࣬󣬾ȻȫѾΥʥ˵ڿС
Ȼûô򵥱ʮϣһս⣡
аŶԷʿв˼νԷʿѹȥ
սʿǣһֱػˣΪǰĳŵʥ˲ŴңԶĵطԭʥΪȥ꣬Ƕʥʥǿˣԭ˽ʮϵ˫۱ɱΣǾȻ뱾ʥΪУΪС
Աߵ˵ÿһ仰˫𺳡
µ׷ʥˣԸΪʥ˶ս
Ʋһľʿ磬ɱڴʱӡ
һľУ¶֮ɫʮǰֻʥ˿֮Ժ󣬾󲿷ֶѾ֧ʥˡ
峤ϲЧҵĶǰЧʮϣΥ߽۴
Ȼʥ˷ʱɸ
ڴʱʮһҲͬʱֱͦţȻԿصսʿһ˫ѾֵĶţսҲһ
λϣǻڹһҪս𣿡
ȵʱںսΪ㽻սĵҲȫˡ
ʮϵҰĿɾԲСΪ֪飬ԣŻ׼սʵϯݣҲʧȥԭǿʵ
ΪһԪڣҲϧһս˵Ȼһս֮á
ԭڰ֮УĳֲŵĻңΪػ壬ҵȲòеĽδ
ҲѾγɽָ˵
ȻȲϱػôǽȫսʿǰʥǵȣ壬죬ʥ¸ҵսʿսǵĽʥ˵սɣڱʥ˵쵼£ǽս޲ʤһи谭ĵˡ
һǿΧľ֣һҲԼһľʿǵһ塣
ʥ֮һʥѪս֮һ׼սλӹָܾӣҪʮ֪ҾϬ
Ѹٵ޷ֱָӶλȻ㾡Լƿ֮¡


1306 
ʮصʿ׼ӭսӮ˶Էݽǵأսɣ

ɱ
ĺɱڿ͵ıһʱ̣ȴ¾ӵŻаĹս
Ļӣʵǿ˸ɵɾӣƾѪսӵ֮ϡ
һѪսѾڿаڿͣͬʱԷʱǾɵĿֲԻһС
ʮһҲʼӭսԭȵʥ˺ѹԴԸʥӳԱ
һսѾĻĿ˫ľ߸ܣпս£Щߵͬһи
һʱ˫ӪѾԪ֮壬ǿҲþõĳĬˡ
Ϊʥ˶սΪδս
ںʱڣ˫޴һӵʿҲԶԶǿԷˣⳡսһľռ˲ơ
һսɥոսȴпĽš
ûг֣ʮҲûг֣˫ֽûսУһʵһ
ʱȥ󣬺ɱ˫ѾԵҲСģĶֻ̱սԵòпᡣ
һʿȶԷȻһսȴȻһľռơ
㾫ʵսУеԪ֮巴ʿ
ʧȥԪ֮壬Ѿʧȥ˼սãЩԪ֮壬Ҳֻܳ˲ӵ󷽡
ңԶڶԪ֮壬в뷨Ϊڣ˶ǿԪ֮壬һǵԪ֮壬ǶԼɾζʵͻͽ
һǿݣ
ѪȾսʷǿһɱڹϿճϵĽš
˫˭ʵռƣƱһսԪ֮峷սȻ֮УҲ
еѾٱƽʱ˳£ѾڵġǣڵĵھŷԳٶȷ
һھŷɣʵƾһϣɽĿҲһҪ顣
սʮʮҹֱһƻ轵֮ʣ·ʬѾѻ֮ߣԲ֮ڣѪɺӣ
ѪɫƲ˴أɫս׵սʿһοʼڿγսͣԡѪսǵȻһݵĿȡ
ս˺ڼսʿǵѪһڿжӣɽ򴦣ȴֻʣʮϸԲ԰׵ݡ
ɫս֮ϣʮϸԼ֤һѪսʮսʿǼĴֻʣǧбһǧ׻ӣʱֻʣ˲ˣʮϴѡľ񲿶ӣʱҲѾһˡ
棬ʥٻʣһ룬ʥѪսֻʣһǧ˲
϶ԣʮһռƣǣʵԶԶʥһľʵǿ
˫ľڼ֮ٴγ˶ţһΣѾ˸ǿĴܶԷ
ҵսʮΪ֮ݣһսʤܣ˲أÿһĻۣ֮ףȴ׵š
˫Ӻ󷽸Ԫ֮壬ڲҵսУЩƴȫֻʣԪ֮壬ֻĬĬĹսսȴҲ
ʥˣ֣֮սʿǣѵǻûʥ˵ıΪһͳ壬߻˲ҵսĽ񰡣
һı˵ҲΪ֮ݣһֱ𷢱еĸпֹͣս
ҪôҪôǱѡ񣡡
˫ۣȻ˵
Ҫսҵȱսף
Ϸĺ
һָ֣ӾӭϹ
ʱֻʣˣʮһˣ˫ܹսĻѾȫս
ٴλı۾ר־УΪԼĿֻжһʵΪһԪڣΪ˾ݵİΣԼʵ޳ɵھŷΪԼ
һĿѾɣЩչսʵϡ
ڵڶĿģҲоҲԽԽˣеԽԽ࣬ԼĵھɷƺʱɹԽץʱ
δ֣ʮҲóȻֻ֣ĿһȥĸоʮϾͬͻȻһꡣ
˫ʱǰĲ֮ս
˫սʿηĹԷ֮УȺսռˣʵСȱɱ
ѪսӵǧսʿʱȴѾֻʣһٲһˣʱҲѾʧȥ˾󲿷սˣѾʱµϢ


1307 
սʿȻԷսʿս˫ոٶȺ֮죬һڴʱͬһݡ
Ⱥսʱɱļʵ̫ˣĺսʿҲһսɳ
ɱзһڿеսʿʱսʿѾֻʣ˶˲ԷֻʣʮԿյĽɫս
˫˲٣ӵսĽѾȫһսǳһ浹ʽǽеĲޱȡ
ɫһ˿仯мҪŭȻĺڼսʿȴû˿η塣
˫սˣѾõвˣΪڽܾõʱڣ嶼ĬĬ˿ڣ޳ưԾ֮
Ϊ͵սʿ¾
԰˵˵Ľ˫ֺʮ۾ЩʣʿҲ׷ѧΪȥսʿ¾
ʮڴʱһ仰Ҳû˵Էŭǰпܣʮ˺޲ýʥʬΡ
֮Ŷʮѵ֪ڸģڣѡʱˣǼ뱾ʥԣ뱾ʥһнѡ񡣡
ھһкϲ࣬˶սʿսܹѹĸо
Щսʿˣؼ֮ҲûжԼһʽһ㣬ʱ˿̣Ҫֱʥˣӵвӵǿʵ¡
ƴˣİࣿ
ڳϽ֮еľ
ʥϣҵȺͿС֮ԣΪʥҪռأԲŻʥ˲ʥҵΪ峤ϵķϣҵһĻᡣ
ʱѡʱĹ˳Ϊûȡ÷ҲֻȷܶԷ
ʮڴʱѡ˳ȴ֮Уٲµֿԡ
ԷĿĳԼ⣬ǵ¹ķˣԷôڴʱѡ񳼷
ίߵ飬óģڴʱһǣʮϸж£ղŵһսѾΪȥĸơ
˶սʿʧȥ壬ͬΪһ壬ǱΪΪģˣڶʧȥԪ֮Ǹǳص⣬ǹãҲɼصΣ
ʱ˫սʿδȥЩԪ֮ҲȻڿ鸡
仰֮󣬴ϱ㿪ʼǹϵƺرӣһҪϴϵƶͬɡ
ԼĪʱ֮󣬵濪ʼҵĲ֮ԽԽңͻеҪһ㡣
ϵԽԽ죬׺Ҳ紵һߣʱȴϾ˼
ʮ԰ԲνϰΧˣˣĺڼսʿˣƱʮһҪǿ
ֹͣʱһ¡͵Ĵӵص״ĳͻȻը
ڱը󣬾ȻγһڵĶڣⶴһֱ棬֪ж
ȻǶ֮ʱͻȻһҫĹâһδСİɫĳڶ֮⡣
ףʥ뿴ɫּ
¶ϲ֮ɫȥʮȻ
۾ǣɵЦŴϵǱġ
װɵѽȻӵп¹ʵͿˣαڴʱװɵ
ȻһЦʥ
˫ֵʮ㣬˲ɰԾúЦ
вãȴǰסˣȻɫϵһһ
ϵ࣬ȥǽ˵ʱĳΪλǰ뷨
ԭʯ壬Ҫȡ÷ʥǰ򣬵ƾˣһ취ؽڵ¡
֮⣬ʯ·ؾݵķʱ֪Ϊʲô˻ھأԭĲɭΧ紦֣ҪִɭֱԵĸأҪصķ
ϣضһ㶼İȻˣ·ɣ
Ц˵
ϵͷȻʮһȫ¶ѨС
һϱȫ֮ˣ΢˼һʮǿĺսʿһͬ¶ѨС
˴ʱѾں˸ԵɷȻϢΪ¶Ѩ󣬽ɼ˲ǰУ˫з
һǰ·м䣬ʮʥӳԱ档
¶Ѩ˳һֱ£¶ѨУȻ޷ʹʶ̽顣
ǣ˱̤ĵ֮У˰ʱ䣬ڵִһĵ´
֮´Уÿʯмʯʥ˱
·ƺߵ˾ͷΪ˷û·ȴһѾõĺǡ
ʥСģǵ¼̳һڣأҴܵЩĹ


1308 
վԭһ۾Χʯͷܣƺηʲô
ϣʲôֱ˵Ҫڵġ
ĺȵĿҲ۽ǰ˴ʯϣЩʯͬһ㣬мʥ˸Լȥһģһ
¶η֮ɫſЦʥˣҵȽʥ֮Īĵ¼̳УΨʥ˲ߵ󣬶ҵҪҪðΣա
㻹ƭʥߣΪʥ֪˽Ǳʥûв´һĵţӺδӦ֪ɣ
룬С˺Ҳ˳
ϼ˺Ҳæڳ˺ȻЦʥϢŭĲֻֻ֪֪ʥһͬ룬ҵȲŻȫʥ˼Ȼʮ£ǰȷ档
ŶǰȻǸںǰߣʮǰߣ򣬱ʥʹ̷ء
˵ѾµǴ˵صĻԼ֡
ûܵóѼƻЩգĽǸĴ
ͨ
ϾֱߵмĵǰȻ󹧹Ŀ˰˸ͷʱֻһ¡һ򣬶Ȼͬʱƶλãǣһű˵ǰ֮͸΢Ĺߡ
¼̳ĴѾʥˣ룡
ϹЦ
Ǵϴ·ɣ
Ҳ΢Ц˵Ͳϴϵĵ
ϵͷȻСǰһǰһ߶ھ
ģǰߣߺˡ
ϴĽھȻǿھǰ
˲ʮһȴǸ¶Ц⣬ȻԽѾϤ
һɲľ룬Ƭʱ䣬밵ź󣬲ЦŶ֡
ʱҲŴϸղвΪײ̫ӣԣԲô׿յġ
µҲ¶˼֮ɫһսʿҲΪǵǰָӵĵ·
ʥˣ·ô򵥣ÿͨһΣ·ͬһߴһǱ֮еĻأֻʵֲ̫ˣһǧϵĸÿһײǰҶһǰմвؽ˵صĻء
Ͻ͵ȻЦЦչǰŴȥ
⣬Ӧһ׿ռ󷨣峤ϵǷѾĻȻ˾Ĳأ˲ֹһǧְɣ
аʱȻǴеĵԼһֻôһӰԺһһӹ
ڳһ·ߵСȻʮϾʱͻȻˡ
һСĴһ˴еĻء
ʯȻڴʱٶ֮죬ֱ˲ơ
ϾһâɾʱӴĽѾڿн֯նϡ
꣡
ֻüһҽУȴѾͬʱС
γɵıֱ˿ĿɿڴȻڴʱɱϵ塣

Ϸһ̾ϢûκӪȵ˼Ϊ£ûлϡ
ಣ
ֱһ˲ƣѾʧԭأ˲ɾĳҲޱȵǰ
ʱ˿̣ǻҪԾԲϣ֮֡
ʥˣ
ϼһ͵ĳǴֱ֮ӳȥĳҲͬʱȥ
ȴǸû֣עǰ

ʮϵԪ֮Ѿʼڴ֮з˲ƣľߵģսʿѾֱתȻ󹥻ڳϡ
ƺ˲֮õʧˣڳԽţΪȱʥˣԶҲ޷ȡõ¼̳ķ
ĸ񡣡
ӽǰһܣһΣΪڶ࣬ڱڵΧ
ǣ
ǰŴĶߵҲսʱʮһ϶Ը˵ܡ
Щܵĵʵﵽ߾ŵɷĶ״ֻ̬ڵ˲ƣȴޱϬ
ʮһϼһ˶Ըһܣսɡ
ǲʮϢĽ֣гˣЩȴս죬ϵ˲ƹڳϡ
һ룬ûк˵κأΪһӵĿռƣֻдЩܣлųȥ
ʮϽʣԪ֮壬ʱηЩܵĿֲҪ֮ȴʮϢҲ޷
ҲΪ˰Ѻ֪ʱںηһ뵽ղſַ˲١
˲֮ǰʾˣǰ˼ԣ˲ûһ֮С


1309 
ʥӣʱĿɿڴŴеսû˻ϵЩܾȻӵ˿ֲĹ
ܵ˲ٶڳЩмܲסΪٶʵ̫죬ĹʮǿǱֱϮ壬ҲᱻЩʯĽֱɱ
ʥ˵ȥˣôͻȻʧˡ
ϴʱѾԼղŵĳ嶯ΪΪʥʸȡĲѡزᱻռС
ǿռƺȫʧˣҲڳеĿֻţΪڳģǱڵɱʮϡ
ʥ˻ʥ˻ӣǻڵʲôӪʥˣЩܵʵ̫ǿˣҵȼֲ˶ˣ
͵ĺǿɵĴ͸Ŀռ䡣ʱ׼ЩһˮҲлʥµĴ󻤷
ʥΣգ
вһţȻʥӶԱ
ҵӪʥˡ
ڻӳԱͬʱ˵
żʱȴûг嶯жսĴ󻤷ҵӪʥˣĴ󻤷׼
ش֮ţʥ˵ʵôܻռΣգʥ뿪ʱѾ´ҪҵԭشϵĻꣿ
ŷʥӴ󻤷ԭش
ʱϲ㱻ըΣһ£ȻǵĽնԼһذ׷
Ϸƴˣ
͵Ŀ͵һѪѪڷɽ֮ϣôϵķɽҫǷ
ɱ
ѾûʱʹЩ˵ļȣʱǰĵܡ
ⲢǴϵһЩܣһ뼸ϻܹܡ
λϣЩʯԴ㣬ֻҪնǵԴǡڣҪôɱҪôɱǣλΪսɣ
Լ̵ڳϵƣȻʼĹǰĵܡ
Դϴʱֳʵǰĵ޼ֻǵܵķǿĺˣֱɽȴҲնЩ΢ʯ۶ѣҪɱȴǼ֮¡

ϴеķɽҫɫĹʣһ˲նǰĵܡ
ǵƺֻ̣֪ϵĽҲ⣬ֱնϡ
ϵķɽն˲䣬ͻȻγ˷ԲһҵİϵΧҲɫ
ܵһٵĳնȥһΣȴûжܣǱ۾дʣһȭ͵ĳǵܷĽȥ
䣡
ϲҽһû뵽Լǿȭ£ȻûеֵסԷͷųĽ
ڴϵȭնɵͬʱеİͻȻɱһǵܱ㱻ɫı֮С
ϵʵͬСɣԱϵӦòŮ֮°ɣ
аѾµӦòڱЩûʶ˼ĵɱ
ڴϷǿʱʮҲʹұ£һڳϵǿ㱩¶š
ѹЩ޿֣ԭﵽʵһֻ֣¾ҵҲ˿ռκơ
ڳϵʵٴߣвʮѾɱ壬һǿĵˡ
ϻһֵֻĴ۲ʹʯ񱻶סȻʯһֱǰĴ£ϵı΢΢Ĳ
ȥɣ
ŭһ͵նܵĲӣڷɽնȥʱЩ龹ȻԶãҲôϵķɽǿն˵ܵĲӡ
꣡
Դȫһ֮ȻδȫնʯĲӣٻ֮Ĳͷ­ϡ
ڴʱȴһ¡죬ǵΧı龹Ȼȫըѿ
ʯһָɣеķɽѾѸնϡ
ϲҵܣȻٴζǵܳһȻγ˺ЧûȫǵܷסȴҲǵܵĶٻࡣ
ϣһ𹥻
һŭѾǵܵɱ
նĲӣ
ѵǵܱٶȣ͵һնĲӡ
ϵķɽҲǡôն£˷ֱ෴ķնǵܵĲӣŶ˵ķɽͬʱն£һԴڷա
Ҳˣ
ĺʱȥͻȻһĳԼն
Сģ
æѵ͵һնܵ˫ȣȴûϵ˴ĵͷ­ն󻹿Է
ʱẦˣϾͱԼ̶˼άģʽˣʱܣֻӲͷƤֱ۵ֵǷɽĽ

ϵĲҽһֱ۱ǷĽնϣвɱ߽ӡ
ͷնһ󣬱תϣΪһնͷܵ˫ȡ

յĺǿס۵ʹȻʩչɢ͵İ׹⣬۵˿ڴȻۿɼٶһֻӤĹС֡


1310 
ϵͦٺ٣ң͵ʴ˰ɣ
аЦʱڴ˴ռƵش·ս۵ס
֮Ϊϣûǿʵѹʮһϣʱһȫµֱֱۣ۲ϵȻȫָˡ
һЦӴϿдϵ˫мҪû뵽ǰĵֻնԴ𣬶ߵûԴڷĽ
Ϻܿͷܵ·ʧȥԴѾֲںηеķɽҵڿл裬γɵҲ½ơ
ͷܣҪӦѾ´࣬ɱҲֻʱ⡣

ٴȵɽ򴦣ͷѾ˲⡣
նֱۣ
նͷܵұ֮ϣͷܵұڷһ
ﬣ
ͷֱܵͬɽһڵأʱ׼ϵطɽȴһȣɽǱϵġ
ϵʵϣȴһҲĪ̫ɽҪˡ
ؼʱ̣ϲ֪ôϽϾˣϱͱһӻ𣬵һնϡ
ûϵ˵ʹеŭǱ׼ӽ
ʱһȹǵĺ͵ĽϰΧζû뵽ϾȻԼϡ
Цһһ䣬ǵϵֱͬɽһɵ˴ϵС
䣡
һȭǶϱۺ俪Ȼ³սڵķɽ
ʯеķɽ󣬴϶پɽǿ֮вɿϲѡ
û뵽ϵã
̲סЦ
ʱͷʯ͵һųϵؿȥٶȴǰĹҪࡣ
ߣ㳢Ϸ֮
ЦһնͷܵĴȡ
ϱһ˲䣬ڱⶳ󣬺޲ɱ˴ϡ
꣡
ͷܵĴȱɫɽնϣǴϲһͷʯʳƬ
ãЩеķɽȻǿķôϻЩҵǵĶ֣
д󼱡
ҲâʱҲǿĺɫɽΪɫɽȻɵնɱܡ
ڴˣЩܲһȺ
ϿЦţžһߵܹȥ
ЩȫȫƾķֵԷĹ
ϻӽͬʱ峤Ѿٵ˿
˵ľĿУǺɫɽɵն˵ܵͷ­
ֶһͷܣ˽ȻޱȣȻǽŵеĺɫɽ
һ
ϵ˵ͷܵıһնұۡ
ͷܵұ۵һ˲䣬Ͻжȡ֮ģȴ˸ȡΪɫĶˡ
ϵʵǿϲֹһʱ˫ֳֽǷޱȵĺɫɽһеĳ϶µĺɫɽ
˺ɫɽǱնɱãκ˲ȾָݹֱϷˡ
ϰԵ仰ĳϷŭޱȣϿսơ
ȵϵɵĽǾߵܽڳϲŰסеĳ嶯
ʱҲЩԾԾԣʱһ뵽ɫɽС
Ϭķɽд˵ȷɽγ²ɣ
ֵõһɫɽ⣬ȴϵزƽ⡣
ϣҵȿһϵģ˴˰˱ɫɽѵ׼һ˶̲ɣ
ûֱǰᣬȴѾչ﹥
ŶϼȻҪǱϾͽĺɫɽ㣡ȡɣ
ϲǺɫɽ᲻óǿĺɫɽ
Զϵĸǻۣ״ϲͳԼеĺɫɽǣе̰ȴڴʱսʤǡ
ϵϸŹŹЦ⣬ɢſľâٶȳ˴ǰ
˿ʵ峤ϵĵ䷶ϺεºܣȻԵõ˷ʵҵҵ
Ϲ˵һǫ飬ϧ֮飬ȴֿ˻ΪԼǵڶõɫɽģֻҪӵɫɽɵĽЩܣʱԼøĺɫɽ
УƵıǻܽսĳϣΪڴʱЩܵĽȻʮǿ󣬶ǶѾлôϴ͸ĺɫɽ
ҲûϵеĺɫɽôǿҲĳ嶯Уֻʱ򣬼͵ϮϣԼҲδؿǺɫɽ
ΪˣŰסԼ뷨䡣
ϣ˺ɫɽʥҪãһñϹϾУڣɫɽڱУʮͷɣ


1311 
Ȼ˵ڳϲɰǴϵĵѡ
ƽʱԶϵƢԣ˰ڲֻʱȴһ˼ǺɫɽϣǴϴĵѣҲȥ
Ϸּ
Ϲ˵ɽڵϣȻŹ˫ֳŵ棬ͷݺݵڵϡ
䣡
ѾһͷŴϣϾԼթǱˣǿ˷۱Ϊ
߸ͷǱϹϾ˿֮ĵڰ˸ͷʱжԴϵķ֮Ҳ͡
ڶϿͷͬʱΧĳĽӼʵģ޲ǸͷԼΪȿͷɫɽҪĶࡣ
ȥˣЩϵõ˷ʱѶԸһΣҲû뵽ɣ
аȥᷨĳ嶯ֻΪӦҪ£ֻм̡
˽ͣǶϵĵڰ˸ͷʱͻȻ

ںʱֵķɽѾѸٵķס˶ϵ
⡮˽ľʵʩ͵Ϯ˲γ˱Ƕϻάſͷƣ㱻ԡӡסˡ
Դϵ츳ʵ⡮ٿԽϷסݵ˲䣬ڸ֮䣬һ˲Ǻʱ䣬
ɵĴϣ
ֻʹ˹ͼǡĽ
Ԥıʩչ˲䣬ֵĺɫɽѾ͵ɿնϡ
ɫɽϺȻűϵڶⶳ֮ǰɫɽѾ޼᲻֮ն˶ϵĲӴ
ϵĽܿ죬Ķͷ­㱻ϵĽֱն¡
ಣ
ϵĽδͣϵ֮նȥꡯһϵѾĺɫɽʳƬ
ϵͷ­ԶѾһݻ١
׳գһֱ뱾ԣξȻϷķӦе³
ϷЦԵڳϣֻһΨ˴ϵĺ֡
Ӣϵϵķ๼
ٶȷӦΨֵ˴ϣĿ
㣬նɱ̰ĶϣΪȥʥ֪ˣһϵΪ
峤ҲЦ˵
ΰȴ˵СϽһƨû˸Ϊϵ¶˿ʹ֮ɫ
ϣ˳ϣĵЩһȻΪϵԼ
ϴʱ޲ýʬΣֻǣϵʵǿޱȣʱնڳֲɵôڴʱȥΪȥĶϱأ
ĺȻһЦԶϣ˱ɣգҪɱʥˣıԶóѵġ
ڳɫǴϣѾޱȣû뵽˻ڴʱ¶Լܡ
û뵽ɣϵԪ֮岻ڵ֮УϷϷҲһù
ϵԪ֮ͷ­гȻԶκһϣ鸡ڿУ
еɱޣû뵽ԼͻϮ»ܹӳԪ֮壬ʱЩڣΪʲôûнͷ­ҲΪ顣
ɫɽķ̶ôʮɫɽû¶ôǵѪˣԼʵǲ
ϣҪﱾϣǾݹֱϲ𡣡
Ƶ˵еĺɫɽ΢΢һ£ƺʱṥϵԪ֮塣
ʧȥ壬ѾԴϺ֮ǣʱѾȥˣη壬Цϣ㴵ţı»ôǿ󰡣ǸҹϷϷԪԱܷϷԪԱǰɱϷ򣡡
ԪԱΪûжԸԪ
ЦһеЦǶҲľ
ʮϣѾˣڣһϵģҪǵõ˷һɱǵԪ֮塣ˣ
Ŀ־ˣʱȴʼʮϡ
ʮѾڳϵļȣطȴǸ첻ʱ֮ԣͷϣ˵еϷһԿκˣֻҪϸҶԸԪ֮壬ϷԪԱǵĻᡣ
ϣ˰ɣϷʮҪͬʱʩչԪԱʣ㵲ס𣿡
ѣΪ֮һǣôҲЩƣȰʮϣѰ·Ҫǰ˶ϱǱ壬úɣ
ûʲôġϣϷ֪ʲôˣҲûлųȥˣǣǾԲùڵȵġ


1312 
ʮϷߺ޵ĺʱһԷŭԪ֮塣
ʱȴһϲҺһϣ
ȴųϵһ첲Ѿǵնϣ˵ͬʱǵѾ͵
ʱֻһһսǹעŴϵ顣
ȥȴǸûг֣Цųϣһߵܶ򲻹ҪкãȣԼǾߵܰɣҲһ򲻹ܾȥɣ
ɣ
ųһֱ۱ǵն£ʱﻹǵܵĶ֣ǵܵĽȵˣȴûκĳӪȡ
ϣ̫޳ˣϷĳϣ㾹Ȼȣ
ųŭţֽϵķɽջأƾһֻǵӦս
˾ų⣬мҲ᧿ΣսУЩϲɷ˵Ŀϡ
˭ҿϣɱ⣡
һ˫ָպɫɽıɽͷϿš
ϵҲѣԶڽУ鸴ӵĿųϵս
峤Ͻ˽ģˣʱγʮֹľ棬ÿռ֮˿ĿɿڴһʥҲ߲ѣʱſ峤ǵ̰
ߵƺܵ˹һ㣬Խ֮սĳǺˡ
ųֻʣһʹϤۣʱѾȫУģǵܵĿٹ£ֻвϵĵֵһδαԷĽˡ
һʮϣѾɱ壬ֻʣԪ֮壬򱻵ܲסʣµԶԶԹۣͲŲǷźŵĳϡ
һɢɳ峤ϸΪڳ˽£ųϼѾˣڵֵסܵĽ㱻ǵնϡ
ʥ˰ıӻȾң
ųͻȻֹͣ˷ȻͨһڵأȻĤʥ˵ĵܡ
Ҳ֪ɣԲϵľٶųѾˣΪͽ͵ֻԪĿ־塣
ΣʱʥˣЩ̣ȴʵ
ϵǲ¶һ˿ĵЦųѾˣΪǵܸɱ¾ʥҲԶǵǸּɻ˵ػ
ųϼֱǸ׳գ˵ǰ׳գҲǸ߿Ҳʥڽ͵ЦΪ
ţɸΪǾųϡ
ʵһ仰˵ЩףΪ溬ЦĹ۲ľųϡ
ɭĽѾٽųϵӣ֮ʣųϵķ̹Ȼܵɱ
漣ƺûΪųϵ϶֣ųҲ·˵Ĥʥˡ
ô
ϲûеȵɱΪǵܵĶȻڴʱֹͣҲ˲ʧǷĺɫɽųϵҲֻа粻
ʥˣ
ųϾϲĿȴǲ˿ƶΪǵܵĺɫɽԼͷ֮ϡ
ɫܻ˾ųϵĻȻϵתеķɽָ˶һΧ۵ϡ
ɻһмʥܣʥܵƺЦЦĸо
ѵʥˣ
뵽˫ϥͻȻһûֱӹȥ
ʥ飬Ҳ̾ΪԼΪȫΥʥ˵
һ˲䣬ϾȻں֮⣬ȥ֣к
ʥˣ֪ˣ·ʥԭ°
ں֮ĹڵأȻ񾪺мʥܡ
ûмսĳҲڴʱһѡ񣬷׷׻ں޵Ĥʥˡ
˸ϵڵ񣬶ЩãȻмʥ˵ܣʥ˵ĵݼһģһЦҲʮơ
ʣµȴûеѡڴʱĤݣΪǵܵķ񹥻
׳ǣǵʥԣ·ɽʥ˿ͷɣҲΰػԭǵΪ
ԲԵ˵ΨΪЩϵ̣ʥ˻ﵽԼͷϡ
ֹͣս˵ףȴʮѣΪЩϿɲðǵܹ
ѡʱˣʮһѾ촦ųһڱǵܻ˺ھԾųϵķʽܵɱ
ΰʥˣԭ£ԭ°ɣ
ʮһӵеķɽͨһڵأкХĽʱһĶʱֱΨǵܻԼ
еĽ͵ʮһϵͷţʮһϲпϲĤݿռʥˡ
˶ӣҲͬʱ·ɽĤݡ
ܵĺɫɽڿУһޱԭأһڳϵľѾ˷츲صı仯


1313 
ʥˣ
ϼ˵
ʧȥԪ֮ĶλҲϹϾſڵأʱ˿̣Ĥƺ⡣
ڳϵĤʥˣʥӵĳԱҲڷĤݣֻȴǵɴ۾ͣ˼ǰıʡ
Ĥݱûô˵飡
Ц
ڴʱɫĽѸޱȣԤУܳʧص״̬Էɽڵصĳϡ

˲ӵϵӻûӦҽС
⼸ĵطΪֻҪĤʥˣЩܱ㲻ṥ⼸ֵЩܵĹ
ˣɫɽɲǱγǿɱϼͬʱС
ضûУֱӱǵ˲նͷ­
һʧһֱ۲ŻزʵǿĶǿ˵ܵĹ
Ѿʧȥ壬Ϊ˹»ҰԪ֮塣
ʱϲŷʥȫǺȻʥ飬ΪλҪЩһԸ뷨ѡ
ӹһٵľųȻαʣڴʱѾһܹ˾ųϡ
ɱ
ǰĻںѾԺѾһĪŭ˫ֻźɫɽǵܷϡ
ųϱΪɣȴǹԼĵѾնԴ
֪Щܱ볹׻ŻֹͣǱ㽫ǰĵܽΪ顣
ɫķɽ˾ųϵǰǣųȴԶԶΨǺɫɽԼɱ֮
һûȥϵĺɫɽΪԼư˭Ҳᡣ
סܣڱǣ
һŻ˫ַɽȥ͵ϮЩܡ
ЩܵĹʮǿ󣬷ǿֲֻǺɫɽĹ£Եòһ
ͻϮ֮£˲ɱһܣǵڵصĺɫɽҲûмʱᡣ
ʣͬʱ˲ƳϣĵֲĽѾ֡

˫ֺɫɽܵĺΧеĶɫɽͬʱĸܡ
ܵĹֶһޣȫǲ˷ԹأϱϾֻһˣʱҲֻǿֵ˵ΧеĶɫɽǴҲĸܵĶ֡
ĳϾֵľһ𣬲û˳ְϣжɫɽţڳҲû˸ȥᡣ
ϲʱŭһģȻ˿·磬ȵĸܵĽ·ϵǲɳ鴤һ£˫֮еľâһš
ڴ׼ĸܵķʱĸܾȻͬʱһȻ˲ʧڴǰ
˫ֳֽ¶֮ɫû뵽ЩܻˣΪЩֵܱʮֹ죬ϱûг嶯׷ɱ

ųϱΪԼ˵ģȴû뵽ܾȻͬʱԼ
ؼʱ̣ϲæͬʱˣþųϵķζ㱻ը
Բȱ֮壬ų֪ܵĶ֣Χĳ飬ȣ
ʥ˾
ųһεеķɽŵĹڵء
һ˲䣬ĵγɵĽֱӽųϵ֡
Ůûٴξ˾ųϣųϵֱӱɱԪ֮Ҳꡣ
ЩƺɱԪ֮ûʲôȤɱųϺ˲ƹʣļϡ
һֵ
һĺ
ѾʧȥһֱۣӭУֻǣĺƺûκЧ
ĵɽʱϲŷΧļ˽ûԼһչڴʱĶߡ
ɰ
εķ壬Ԫ֮ݳ壬ǾܵĽɽɱ
ö⣬ϲſɶð˱ɫɽ
аڴʱǰǳûϵĶɽ
ıɫɽ֣ϵ¶ŹֵЦ⣬Ͳʣµĳ
ֻ·һӻһ
ȵҲһȻûܡ
ͬʱĸܣ־£Ȼһʼռơ
еһʹٵʱܵٶͬʱ½࣬һ˼ӳһٶȡ
ھ£Ѿڲ֮أڴȴЩˬ֮г˷ɱ⡣
ϣķδ֣ȫˣһζȡУζԸʥˣ
ϴ˵ΪѾ˴Ѫ
ϷӦҲͬʱȰı˴ϵ뷨
ԭ׼ȥǵһ֮ģΪЩ϶Լľ֣һֱһ
ᵽʥˣŴ˴ϵͷ


1314 
ľߵܿǼֲסˣ治֪ʥ˾ʲôˣʵȻﵽ˷˼ĳ̶ȡǰµĵҲӵвڳֵʵƾһ㣬ʥʵǿĿ£
жʥʮġ
ռ֮еսȻޱȣֱֹȥһʱĸܲűڳЭնΪһʯ

Ϻһ˫֮Ѿ˰˱ɫɽȴǲȾָ
һڽˣЩ̫ˣλϣҲĪҪֱϡϳŵȳ˵¼̳ÿ˽ֵһɫɽ
ϻˣЦ
˸ŴϵĻȴֵлΪϾǴϣǴʱòʧ
ЩʧȥĳǣʱŴƿڴжж
죡һȺΪԪ֮Υ汾ϵ𣿱Ͽµġ߱Ԫ䡯׼Թɣ
ϿЦһץסѱɫɽһȴ΢΢һһöɫĽָʳָ֮ϡ
ϣȾҵȣ
ɫֵ̿ľеôû뵽ʧġԪ䡯ڴϵС
˼壬Ԫ䡯רŶԸԪ֮һƷʹߵΪЩԪ֮廹ҪǿôˡԪ䡯Խǿ
ڡԪ䡯֮£Ԫ֮·ӣһԪ䡯Ĺâ֣Ԫ֮ԱĻᶼûС
ʧȥԪ֮ĳϿ־ľߣš
ֻǣﾺ棡
Ѿƿ˾ƣеġԪ䡯ɵĽԪ֮塣
Ƚ뱾ԹȵԪ֮壬Ժ鷳ʵ̫ࡣǷģˣҲǵģϻΪ޽ϼ̳ǵĹǻԶڼ̳֮ϡ
ϲ˵еЦöԪ֮׷״ĵ׾
֪ɣαһҪȵ޽ǻǰԼҲùĥԪ֮塣
ڴʱһӿռ봦ʥ˵ĵܾȻڴʱƶ
ʥˣ
ųϵԪ֮嵱ʥ˵ĵܷݣΪǽ֮˵֮١
ųϣֻѪĵܣҪģұϰɣһܡ
ϲ֮Աǣų޴
أнһѣຣģͷǰ
ʥ˵ĵͻȻҲŵˡ
ʥˣ
˵æĹڵء
ʥˣȾǣ
ʧȥԪ֮׷ġ
ûʧȥԪ֮ĳĿɿڴ˭Ҳûʥ˵ĵô˵
۾еġԪ䡯ͻȻȥ˹â˫ͬʱıɫɽ
㵽˭ҪڴװŪ
ϿɲǵܻʥˣǱȵʵҲǴϵ̽
ػڴˣ˭ɣ
ʥ˵ĵȻȵ˫۾Ȼ˴ϣΪɭѾôϸоϢ
˳ԶĬʥ˵ĵܣļ򼤶ѵߵʥ˵ĵܡ
ȹһһĹػǵԪ֮壬һȫµĿʼ
ʥ˵ĵϵ˵
һʧȥԪ֮ĳϴϲæһӽʥ˵ĵܡ
ϱǰȴͻȻʲôƵģȻͣסΣһ
뱾ػڣƽػ壬ҲֻҪƬ̶ѡ
ʥ˵ĵܵȻ˵̯һֻ֣ųѾһʥ˵С
ųϣػɣ
ʥ΢΢ſͣųϲĳ˽ȥ
ųϳȥʱƺһ޵׶УԼĪһӣȴΧһƬֲĻ潫Լ֡
ʥˣʲôط
ųϾʵ
ϻڱػĶ
ʥ˵ĵܻش
ųЩƣȴֲҶʣΪΧǻ棬ֻܱһ
ʥĥԣĪҪ£ò˶ã塣
ʥ˻ش
ųֻܵͷŵһᣬһϵԶ֮ҲΧԶ
ʥ˵ܵıӻ£һʥ˵ܵĸУĿࡣ
ϵԽоǰЩֻṥʵǰߵܿʥˣ˵ӦӵгǿǻۣԼֻºʤ㡣
ϵиη壬ΪǰľѾǲףʥǲˣһƺƻãԻѡ
ʥ˵ĵܻ˵̫˰ɣϷôʥ˵ĵܾأ
ʥ˵ĵܣһϵԪ֮븹УͻȻ뵽ĸ֡
Ԫɣ


1315 
ƲסеļΪʥ˵ĵЩϣαصȵڡ
ʥ˵ĵǱƵģһоͲһˣĸУеĺҲԲ³
¶ЦʱҲǡǣӶЦе˼Զ
Ͻʥ˵ĸ֮ʥ˵ĵȥѾʣµڳϲ
һ˶ð˱ɫɽν¼̳ӮңʱԹĪʥ˵ܣҲûжٵʥ˵ĵܡ
ʥ˺ڣ
͵ĺеɱ¶
ɣ
ʥ˵ĵܺںȵұ͵еķɽѾնһ
д󾪣͵ĺˣӲʥ˵ĵĽ
ȻУ
ϷʥĽȻʧڿУԼǰȻ
ϣѾ˵¼̳
Ͼе
Ȼ
ϷԼѾǵţⰵŲ֪ķ˵˼һֱö롣
ѵҪĽ¼̳ʥͬʱ룬ԶҲ򿪵µ̺Ĵš
ҲǴΪιİΣΪûҲ޷¼̳Ĵš
ʱҲû뵽¼̳ĴžȻԼˣˣҲûκμɵ
ϣڳɹˣ
ϴЦѸٵԾǵš
¶ͰЦ⣬ȵϽʱеİ˱ɫɽͬʱ
ʱ뵽ϻͻϮԼڽ£ܵĻᶼûС
һ˲֮ϵԪ֮Ѿ˴֮УʱӶˣƴһ
ϣʥ塣
ʥ˵ĵܵȻ˵
¶лʥˣ
ûѡѸٵĶʥ˵ĸС
Цŵס˵¼̳Ψһڣǳü
Ѿѱػ񣡶ڸһѡ񣬱ػɱϣȻػó
ʥ˵ĵܺ˵һһʣµϱƽ
ֱʥ˵ܵвϸûѡأǸҶԿʥˣһɱ壬ֻԪ֮Ҳ޷סϣһ
½ʥ֮
뷢һŭȻ㷢Ƶĳ˴ϣôϲɷһЦ
Եȫȣ
ЦѸٵĽɽ󱳵֮УȻ˫ͬնɫɽֱӭսϵս
û֮ҲķһֽţǣʱպɫɽռĵΣֻҪɽס¼̳Ĵš
ǿйȥǽп಻ѣΪסĺɫɽ̫ԵһСıɽնϣǾζŽӽɱ
Ͽʼﶷʥ˵ĵԭأһ
ʱʱƺΪ֮ȫһ浹ǴպɫɽϵǿֵҪ˲ȡʤҲܡ
ʹ⣬ֻҪɱԼľֱʥ˵Ե壬ϿһҲš
֮󣬴ѰᣬɱһϣһѾȫֵסϵĽ
Ƭ֮󣬵ɵͷʬ壬ʥ˵ܵĸС
ʥ˵ĵܣһʱʥ˵ĵԡ
ֻһߵܶѣվˣҲ޷뿪⴦ռ䣬׷ʥ˵ļһǣΪ壡
뵽һЦȻ˵¼̳֮С
ߺʥ˵ĵתĴ󻤷ʥӳԱǰΪػ񻤷
ʥ֮
ȳռ֮УʮʥӳԱʥ˵ĵΧס
ýƣ¼̳ڣ
ʥ˵ĵٴ
ַ¼̳ڣһǴϣҲԳֲõĽơ
ಣ
ʥ˵ĵ΢һҡΣһαҲʥˡ
ʥ֮˲Ŀɿڴ빫Ц棬ΪͲµĻһУҲ˵ĹĪ⡣
ڳϾĲǸղҲѾʶ˰ɣʥΪִݣѾӡڵڣʱòһˣλҰﱾʥʥָһǴϲѷɣ
϶˵Ȼˣûκɵԭأʼһһ峤ϵԪ֮塣
ţռ֮Ժб㸡Ļ棬ЩУ¹βݵܣʥ˵ĵ֮УȻڵ峤ս


1316 
ۺ黹ڳ뷨չһ첻ʱڣʮһѾȫɱǵԪ֮壬ʱҲƿ֮С
Ȼһ㣬ǿʳ磬üıҲˡ
ʱڵЩϵԪʶԣΪڵĻʼЩǵԪ֮塣
ʮһ峤ϵԪ֮壬αȫƭ븹УҪȫɣеѶҲǳ֮ԣŹǴϣȻ˲ýƣ׼ȫʮһϵԪ֮塣
ɣɹһٵһɣԣԲʧ
Ľעȫ֮ϣչǿĻҰɫ棬׼һɡ
ΪӺѸ٣ΪڵĻҰɫҲﵽһֵ֮ǰҪǿ١
ҰɫѾнƣ˳ĻҰɫеһԪɣеѶȵر
û濪ʼһϵԪƽԻγɵĽʼָϵԪ֮塣
ϷԪ֮ܶԷʱŷԼϵˣеᡣ
Ųʥ˵ĵҲͬŲʱľȴѾʵ̫ˣϷţҲȻ޷Ԫ֮屻ָˡ
ķһʱŽϵԪָ֮ϣɣķѵʱҪһЩΪðɵķգԹ⽫Żһɡ
ɵʱһɫĹâĽƣĸ򾯽䣬ʮʥӳԱҲǽŵʥˡ
£ʱ߶Բת˲ţ֮ѾڽʮһϵԪ֮һա
ǿԪ֮壬ʮһ츳յ
ˣɺڵţΪˣѡʹԼĪ֮һǿķ֮һǿֻ֮һ˵ھɷϡ
Ϊڵɣķ˰µʱ䡣
ѡڵĿģϾһ̫ǿðķ̫Щֳɼ֣ôձ½
֮ķɸǿˣͬĶսУƾֵԷķɽǳϣǿһ㡣
һߣʹǿģ֮ͬʱ˾޴
ˣ󲿷ڵķΪķʮޣԸȥǿķϾԣĵĽ͡
Ҳֻ츳ڣӵɵһоѻ߲л壬ΪԾ󲿷ֵ߶ԣܹ޳ɾŵǲɵġ
֮ǿϣǿҪ֮һұʤһǰкɫɽ󣬵Ȼһɶϵɱ
΢΢̣¶ŹֵЦ⣬εУջ˸ĺôڵĻҰɫ澹Ȼٴεõ˽ȫ˰ɫĻ档
٣ǿǽףڻ֮Ҳζʵһ¥
˶ô⣬ĵھɷѾﵽٽ㣬ҲԤʾŵھɷѾʱп޳ɣȻֻҪһĻѣ϶ԣھŷѾȫﵽˡ
۾ʱ˫ɢĹâѸٵƿĿ⣬ΪͬεĽһ㣬ȻԴʹ˵۾
ǽɫâʧ˲䣬һεƴɢͬʱĤݵĳ嶯ʱҲɾһ㱣ľҲܵӰ졣
˫ǹɰԵѸٵΣеϬҲתΪ͵Ŀ⡣
λ׼¼̳ɣҲѾʱˣ
ЦЩأ˫ŵ¼̳ڣƺԿϵټ
ʥ֮
˱ȭ˵һʥӳԱǵϥ
˽¼̳ڴĽƺʮʥӳԱȳǰȥм䣬ںϺ
˸ոս¼̳ںͻȻһ춯صĺ¡¼̳Ȼʼҵҡ˽֮󣬼̳ھȻȫķˡ
ʥˣ·סˣ
Ȼ˵ж¼̳һĪľη
赣ģ¼̳ڣгڣǸʥһҪ־裬ǴʮֱɣҲͻȻչϮ
Ȼ˵ҪǰʱԺбһĻĻͼЩͼҪǹڵ¼̳Ĺ졣
ֹԭΪʥ
ͻȻȻ˫ۣƺ˼ʲô


1317 
ͣխڴΧжѵʯȻ˵Ѿڲǰͨ˴˵ء
ڱ۾ЩԽĸԺУͻȻһɫԺֳǽɫޱȣ˫Ц⣬ƺڶ
ɫ΢΢һЦȻߵƮãľͬ˲һ㡣
ȻԲ˲ƣһϢ񣬲Źǽɫߵκϸڡ
Ϊѧ֮һӦѾԱ仯ˣѧȿͻϮֿΣ֮ʱһ㾫ͨˡеĺôԻˡ
ǽɫ徹Ȼ˵岻ɾҵĲ
ô֪ҵ֣⵽ô£ھݳģô壬һи常ף
һʱ֮ôҲ벻ͨɾôԴһҵʹ
ʥˣû°ɣ
еʵû뵽徹Ȼ˾ҵĶ
Ұôˣ
Ѿֱнޱȡ
ʦ壬ʥƺ֮УҵȲɴţ첼ͣΪʥ˻
˵аĽ츳Ŷ೤ʱ䣬ΪٶȼֱǾݺ
ಣ
һɫĽͻȻ࣬ޱȣļΪѸ٣˸Ӧ
ͬʱѾѸٳ֣һ֮ƺ产ˣΪ˵ĵʵЩ֮¡
ֻǣĹһһƺߴһӰѾڰ֮⡣
ȻǺӰ֮ǰɫĽѾնĲӴ
ɺڵôǿķɫɽǸնɱЩܣô޷նɱⲻܣ
˺ܾãҲʱ͵ķͻϮеķɽǿնµܵĺɫɽ
ǣһȴͬնӲʯͷ֮ϣȻɫɽȥˣһ޹
ʥˣ
ͺһŭɱڴʱޱɢ
Ĵϣ㵨͵Ϯʥˣ
˵ͬʱ˲ƣȴ¼̳оȻ޷˲ơ
һʵǿԭһֱʵ
ƣ͵Ϯʥ޹˺һˡ
ಣ
˱ʥˣмǲ뿪벽ϷȥԸǸĴϡ
еѾŭˣղűϵ͵Ϯɱ壬һں
ˣҵһɱУ
Ҳŭĺаϱ޳ܣȻĵӸ͵Ϯʥˡ
˱ʥˣһԸϡ
֪óǱ㽫ʥһΪΪЩʥҲӵԼҲԽЩ˵
ͷ֮㵽˴ǰʥӳԱҲ
²Ϊʥ˵ĵһΪ֮ߣǱƽӵ޼᲻ݵ㲢Ǳϵ֣ʶʱΪܣͶϰɣ
ͷЦȴڰԾ䡣
С˵־ϷҪúýѵ㣡֪һԪڵ
˵ٴǣеķɽͻȻʧȡ֮һҫ̫Եķɽ
񽣣
¾֪ɽͬСɣԼɴδʹ񽣡
ϴδ˵񽣡ǴʱһԷеķɽбֳ̰֮ɫ
ӵǿķǺķȻԶԣСеġ񽣡
һԪڣԭԾǿɣҪѵϣֻǳΰɣ
ϺٺЦҲͬʱǣһҲη
ֱʱ˲֪ʵǿ󣬼ͬΪŵɷǽϱࡣ
ȥ
Էƴѹ񽣡ͻȻ֣һγɵõ¼̳ҲһƬ֮С
ߣʵ̫
һͬʱֵķɽӭӶԷĹ
˫ս֮ʱʥӵֻѡˣ򣬱ܶǿϮ
ͬʱһʥӵʮͬʱַйĽ
䣡
˵ξȻͬʱ󳷣һ˺ʮ֮⣬Ǵȴǽ˰벽¶ʤЦ⡣
ԭһԪڵĸҲˣǻȥһսϰɣ
ϴС㱻Ϊ츳һţԴӳΪ峤ϺһһսУδܼԣ˴ΨҶԸ
ϵʵȻǿ󣬾ȻԻʦ壬ʦһԪڽʦţѵϵ츳ʦ廹Ҫǿ󣿡


1318 
˵
ܣ츳ӦñȲʦ塣
췴ԵпǶʦųġ
ףͣһԴܴϵģһԪڵţ
´ŵĴϡ
ˣһҪСģʷ츳ţǵһԣʮһҲǴϵĶ֡
ѵ˽ǶǴϵʵĿ࿴
˵Ĳ廹ûǿϵ츳ǰҲ֪ϵжôǿ󣬿ϧѾûл֪ˡ
ЦĲ۾Цˣ°ʹĺҲھҵĲš
ԣвЦȻԷ츳Ҳǿ󣬵ǣԼ츳ҲԲڶԷ
̫ˣϷ򲻾ȫΪĿʤϷˣ
ϰԵĸ룬ȴֺӻûԳЦЦ
ߣûȫѵϾ;ȫЦͲǱϵĶ֣
˵ͬʱ۽ǵעʥˡ
һֱڲ¼̳ҲھҵĲţµܱߣʱ䱸š
ղŭˣʱƣľҲƽ
ڣֻסԷΪʱ䣬ΪǴϵԼûжٰա
ؼʱ֣֮ܵ
ϣ̫СһԪˣԣ³ǳңϷף˭츳ǿ󡣡
˵ĿıΪʱ䡣
Ͼ׷֮ˣʱԣеЩŭΪԷԼĶ֣ȴԼȽ츳
ɷһĶٱʵһشôûʸ뱾ϱ츳
ϵϴŵЦ⣬Ȼ۾˵ųζ
Բ쳤ЦһЦȻ˺ܾãЦĴĪ
Ҫ츳Ϸ㣡ϷһɷĶʮʵ
˻һڽȻ
ͬʱΪû뵽츳ǿز
׵츳Ȼ츳֮£ô˵ǿΪҵ츳ף
ЩȣЩƵ⡣
ܣ㲻ôǿ츳һƭϵģΪ˱ϣû˭Դﵽ츳
ҡͷ˵иͲţҲԸʵ
Ī˵ϣµҲţΪʮ츳ֱԽ˶ɷ֪
츳һߣɷձ屶ң츳һ㣬ֻңܹﵽ˱ϵģ츳ѾԱΪϲ㡣
ܴﵽʮϣѾԳ֮Ϊ츳ˣǣʮʮһˣĻŻ˴𺳵ĸо
Ϸ츳ˣţαϷأȻС˵־ΪԼµһ̫Сˣ
Ц˵ʱȥ֤Լ츳ǶԷţҲν
ϵǲţǹ۲飬ǼٻǣЩŽɡ
ڵȵһ츳µĶ֣һ죬ϵ̫ˡ츳ﵽ˶ʮȴҲڱ֮ϣΪҲԴﵽʮ
ϴл˹ȻԼʵޱȡ
Χ˵ٴα𺳣ʱҲɾϹȻ鴫û뵽Ҳʵǿ֮ˡ
ڲٲ¼̳ҲͬʱֹͣڵĴк뵽ʲô
ʱ䣡ڣɱʥ˵ľʱϿ򲻿ɴ
аɫ֮Ҳࡣ
۾·͸ģеġ񽣡͵һѾڳһķơ
Ͼʥ׼ɣ
еĺɫɽѾָɫɽ֮ʱԷ
б·Ϸξֺ
赭д˵΢΢ȴԵøĪ⡣
ӱһԣ
ȻǺŶԷɷʮʵʱһǰĸΪǿ󣬼ǴϺޱһ
һڳ֮УһûܿΪһٶȿĲ˼顣
ٶĽʱϵιԵΪϬ
Ͱں˷ƣڶԷ󶶶˲䣬еġ񽣡ҲɲǼӭԷĹ
ţ˼֣ʱ˽ȣڶԷʵǴͬʱ
˽ھʵѹƶԷˣһƴıǾʵɽڿв޽ǽȴǺݺݵײһ
¡
ҵıըǰһιҪǿһֹ˵һֱõ¼̳˷ҲֲĻ
Ȼмʵ


1319 
ں֮ʱ͵Ĵж֮顣
ֹʵֻҪ㲻ܣϷ㽫
ЦҲԶԶĴ˳ȥ
ĽԹ֮󣬾Ǹ˺ʮҵľ룬ˣ˳ֳƾ֮ơ
ϷʹУҸɽԷȡʤ
аһ˫۾תš
ԭزʱûκεĳ嶯ֻҪȻٳֻɱϡ
һأһûѡصĹˣϵ͵ڿһУһѩ׵ķɽС
ֹӡ
һͻȻһƾ֮Ʒ⾹Ȼһķεģͨɫ沢κּ
ֳ˫ɻеķЩ׶ԷкĹЧ
׼ɣɱ˶֮һҲӲˡ
ϸŵĺȵȻ͵ĳķƹȥ
Ϸᵣǣ
аЦƾԷӽ͵ķ
ڶ̱£ʵȻڲ֮䣬ѸٵչһֹͬӰڿвһ㡣
գۼ䣬ѾԹʮУȻ츳޼ʵҲڲ֮䡣

ֵķɽͻȻˣһֱʹľ
ǰϱšǵܣȡ˺ɫɽ˿׼Դл
һסȻ˲ֱ̣ӽС

鲻Խķ֮ǰȥȴ켰ʱס
һʮǿʵ޼Ķʱƾһбռơ
ٺ٣
ϷĵЦʱһѾ۽֮еķɽ֮ն
ƾϵġⲻסܳʱ䣬Ƕڶּĸֶԣһ˲Ե춨ʤĻ
ڴеķɽնʱѾſ˹µ֣˼Լٶȳķȥ
ϵ˫Ѿгһ죬ƾ衮Ըĸ֣ʮгɾ͸С
Ȼ鲢ǴڴֵķɽնΧĸʱ·ˡ
һɫĹâͻȻɢɫâ˲ΧĸıɫңϵķɽȻ˰ߣѾ˸֮С
ף
Ϸ֮ʱĽѾ˷Ĺ
ʱ򣬴͵ֵĺɫɽɫɽɢİԲν˵Ĺ
ֻһ¡˾Ȼһ˰֮⡣

ϲδʤ׷ȴֵĺɫɽ͵Ĺ
ɫɽϬ̶ȣϿᣬʱ׼ƾǿĺɫɽ踡еһ
꣡
ɫɽȻڲͬһȻĸֻǣںɫɽҪնʱȻҲ޷ǰзֺ
ô
д󾪣ǡڴʱͬʥӵĹٴϮ
֮£ƺˣ׼γɽʱǽɫĸͻȻ͵ڿըѿ

ֻǽɫйǿĲ˼ԼȻɱըըʮɡ
µ˵ĹȻǱޱȵĴϣεĽɫըУϵҲ˶ദۣͷҲ˶
˺ϣϷԸ
صЦеġ񽣡͵նϡ
ϸոյֵµ˵ĹȴĿֲвɰ
ɣб¾һһ϶Ҫɱ㣡
ϵвûн˷ȴҲͬʱôսΪǽԼڲٵ
һһƾʲôʤϷ򣿡ǶϷԣη壡
ЦУ̬ޱѣֵķ緶ԡ
µѾ˻ߣΪѾ˴ϵġҲζҪԼ˰æ
෴Ҳ˵ĺæӰսԣµ˺ϽѾֳЦ⡣
ЩȻһֵġֹӡвⷨôܻƽԼġ
ʵϣȻ˺֣㲻áֹӡҲƽϡֶΡ
ġϼɣ
ĺȵֵķɽѾѸʧȡ֮һͬҶķɽ
һһɽȻ츳׵ĴȴӵвپƷɽһݷɽԴȫµһеš
ʿ治Сƣû뵽ص˴ţΪһԪãǽһԪڵʵϧϧţȻٵˡ


1320 
ипĶ࣬ǴϵƷʵ޿ɾҩлԷһ̸۵ΪȴǾݺ
ϣϷǸ˲ţԷе˽Ϸһ
ɫ˵е氵̾ϧ
ЦǱЦЦΪߣҪ˽޳кȤԣ
أңڣΨҶкβãǱ츳Ψһ֮ˣ磬ҺҲһͳݣϷ֮ˣʹ죡
ϿЦҲ츳ʵǿĶּսȥΪԼްٷְٵȡʤա
ԲӣұΪߣƶ׷ɱɴΪȴ̰Ϸ޷⣡Ϸ׷ǿʵǿ̬ɽ磬ҵӦ׷ΨһĿꡣ̰һͳݣȴ޷ɣк壿
Ȼ˵жԴ̰׵̬ʮֲ⡣
죡ϵ׷ȿ׵ģͬΪı
˵ͬʱһеġϼѾ˽
͵ϮϷ򣬹Ȼ޳ܣ
ȵеġ񽣡ӭ˶ԷĽ
ϵġϼҪһʱ׼ųԻʱ䣬Ѿ׼ʹϼ
ã
ǵֵ˶Էһб֪⡮ϼжô£
屻ʱϵӰΣеġϼ׷ٶķ
ֵȴǲϵıԷˣǴҲķͦ
µѾΧסһǴϸڽֶ
ʱϻû֮˷ˣʱҲڴϵġϼš
˫չĹϵĺˣۿҪ˵ߣвŭˣ飡
顯߲ŻӵУ顯Ҳ߱˵츳ΪĪĹϵ츳ʹ顯Ѿӽһ
ڱˣġ顯ȡơ
µ˳һΪϱˣǴϵʵѾǿı̬ڴˣֻһΧҲδصĴϵĶ֡
ֱӣϷ֪һԪڵ
еսԽǿңڡ顯£Ѿȫѹ˴ϵġϼ
ϵĽѷһȴҲһս֮ˣ˵սĳų־սչ
˵սƺ󣬶һȴʮΪŶ˵ģǹµҲʵһս
¼̳𶯸ˣһ·׷֪Ѿɱ֮ң
ģʧǰµȴ
ȻȻƺŹĲ
ʱȥͻȻŶҽԶҽ˲д󾪡
ãΣգ
д󼱣Ϊǲҽشڷ˲ҽУ
ʦĪҪ嶯ʦһǴ϶ܾˣڴػʦǰȥ֧Ԯʦ壡
ٵ˵
һۣεĵͷҪСģҵ븸׻
ͷʹǰʹõĺ˺ΪһˣȻųǰ˳ȥ
һԪڵĵΣǱϵ°ܽ㲻Ҫѵ𣿡
ؿڴѾɽ̴鼫ΪǱˣȴȻЦеĵ֮ɫ̾Ϣ
Ҳû뵽ԼܸĴϣԼδԤϵ顣
̫ɣ
ߺ޵ĺȴ˲ĵʧΪһԼܣҲζԼһ˶Է֡
ʦ壡
һӰȴ΢΢Щ
С͵Ϯ˴⣬һˣ
æе
ģ㣬ûʸϷȥ͵Ϯ
վһʯϣЦƯڿвԶɢŰɫâ
ʦ壬㡭Ѿʧȥ壿
˶ݵ˵
ʧȥ嵹ûʲôֻǣϷķѾ϶ȥ
ɵ˵ֹۣȴҲúĶбʹ
ʥˣһҲ뿪¼̳г˴֮⣬ˣһҪСĽ
Դˡ

ɵĺ˴ŭŭķӳȻɱ˴ϡ
Զ˵츳ȴһˣǶ˺֮ʵҲϾŵɷʵ¡
ȻʱĴϻʹˡϼ⼴ﲻЧȴҲԶʤˡ


1321 
֮⣬ϻӵС顯ڷűɱҪԭ֮һ
еϼɵֵס˶ԷĽ֮ȴһȻʧǰ
죬̸ϻȥһȻָƣһҲ͵Ϯ
˵Ԫ֮峯ڵĵطѸٷȥ
Ͼͻӿȫʧˣڼ̳ڴȴѾҽ
⵽һ˵İ֮󣬴ʱҲ˲ԼԪ֮ǷᱻԷɱǼٵĸ֮ء
ɵĺ֮Ҳ֮󣬵ȵ̳ʱȴʥӳԱѾˣڶԷͻϮ£˾Ԫ֮Ҳδܱס
ף壡
¼֮󣬲ɻ˵бޱȣΪֻʣԪ֮塣
ΪûµģڣҪǱ
˵һ˽Χסֳַɽķ
һҪС͵Ϯ
˵ȦֻʣԪ֮壬̽ûнֺ
ʦ壬һָǣһԼֵ
ɵĺ˽˵Ҳͬʱ԰ȫλá
Ϸβ汻˴ܣǸصˣʵڴ֮£˭˭֪𣿡
ɽ֮ڣŷʵ
µǲ֪ʥӳԱȴƴлš
ԼĪʮϢ֮һ˻شһƺһЩţڴϵļУƺһߡ˵ǴϵֵܣȴҪһСʱ
С츳㲻ڴ֮£ϲΪ塮˫ǡֻʮȴһֲֹȻ޷ˣˣϱΪеΨһ̳ˡǸˣ˵ѾΪ޷Ծ˵ڰƴ˵ĴţҲΪϵ츳̫ǿˣһ˵ע
ֵܣϷǱǸɵļһ͵Ϯڱɱ壡ļһϷԲŹ
ԴŭǶԷʹֶ͵ϮԼһжҲֺܳһʱ䡣
ڴʱһĽͻȻ֣⽣ûκ׵ĳ֡
һʥԱûüҽûüͷ­Ѿ
ʱҽŴһٴϮеͷ­ɲǼ䣬ͷ­ѾΪޡ
ɱ
˵Ĺͬʱǽֵֻ֣˵һֹȴûյԵЧǵʧ͵Ϯ֮ҲʧӰ١
ɣȻϷġ񽣡ʩչ͵Ϯ
ŭзߺ޲ѣԼķɽɱԪ֮Ҳ£ԷȻԼķɽ͵ϮɱˣЩץȴ޿κΡ
Էܣʧȥƣ
²Ƶ˵
ʣµʥӳԱҲͬޱȣ⼸ҲӵǱǺڰ͵Ϯ֮˶ԣȴС׼ףûñȡ
ʱҲԵЩ޲ߣ屻ɱʱҲ׷׵䣬ڵԼӵԪ֮⣬ûʹ
һʱ֮䣬ΣȴѾֹͣ˲ǣȻǽ˫ۣ֪ʱ
ΪʥˣԣһʥӳԱҲž޴
Էʵ̫ǿʵңҲû㹻ʵԸϣһжĸ֡һ˵¼̳֮УĪ⡣ҵȾȻ޲ߣѵֻеȵԷһɱ𣿡
ʹı۾Χ˵Ҳ˾޴ı仯
ʧȥһ֣ƾ蹫µػƺκλʤϣһжˣǴϻָĵô˸޷ֵ˵֡
ҴҵҲҪսף
ͻȻ˵ľ֮ɫĺ£һʥӳԱҲʼ
ɵĺͻȻ㻯ΪΣΪں״̬£ĵĸΪѸ١
ʱ֮⣬ֻʣʮˣʮ˼Ҳһܴϡ
˸û֣ǵͼƺ͵ϮΪĽ˺ڵ¼̳֮С
Σ£˸Գֽ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϵһ˲䣬ԷĽӺδʼ
Сģ
ȻܵĸоΣյĴڣ͵Ĵһѵ
ĽĹһʥӵĶԱʱǷɽպϮ
ͬʱ˶ǷɽֵĵطչЩվһʥӵĳԱӽֵͬʱеķɽȻֱӱնϣĽھֱնʥӳԱ


1322 
ֵĹֳһնһѾʧڿС
һƺʥӳԱѾڸղŵͻϮʧȥұۣңļҲնһأģΪǱ
ѣֵֻĻᶼûУȻˣҲΪء
˵˵ʥɷΧڣ˼һҪС
ָӵʥӳԱǿסʹ˵ߡ
ʱһֻʣ˻ӵһսڴ˳£ԷʵҲԽԽǿ
°͵Ϯʲôߣб³ҵһս
ſкǼԷϾܹ֪ĵˣǿҲȰеĵҪ׶Ըһ㡣
ʱԷӵǿʵͬһ㣬ȥ磬ֲıǴ˵ռƵȴֵʮ֮͵
ֱʱ˻ûǸֵĿֻܹƾ²϶Ǵϵ硣
ɵӣб¾һսֻںڰ͵Ϯֱĳ衣
һʥӳԱ⳰
ߣ
һ˵ĲԶʱ֮䣬ŵѾǴնȥ
һɫӰĽȻ˵ֹڴ֮ǵӰֱ˺ʧ
ڴʱ˿̣û˸׵׷ȥΪҪ˱
ƺЩʲôղԼһʱǸһ﷢һߣȻЩ
Թ˲űϷȴû뵽ϾȻ˱ɣֵǱɣֻᰵ͵ϮˣǴ˵ˣʲôУǶ˲ĳ裬ǵļҲĳ衣
˵бӵζʮ㡣
ߺߣ
Զٴδȴ֪޷˺ԷΪԷڵλøңԶ
ˣ֪ΪʲôһֱӰУҲ£ֻҶֻдϲˣֻܰаǴǣҲȻǴϵĹͣ㣬ֻе˵ˡ
Ҳĵ˵һǸΪϬ
ԣ¾ӦʹƣöԷʧͣôԼһлᡣ
а
ˣֵûУΪеΪϵֵܣȴȫͬĵλӣôūţҪСˣ¼̳ķ࣬ȴԶԶȲ˵̰֮ġǱܺҲǴ͵ϮĶ󡣡
Ͻ͵˵һϯ빫µ˼࣬ǷǸ֮ˡ
˵֮㿪ˣַ̼Է
𣡶ȱ죡
дһŭǸ˵ĺڿУ˾ͷһ
˵ǰһӰĳڿУϲģȴͷߣֻһ˫Ѫ˫۵ˡ
ֳֶɽһȻġ񽣡һǳɫķɽ
ܲ˼ˣĵˣӦÿǿӦɣ
а
ѾȫתֽǺˣǺҲͬŭˡ
Իڣ䣡ֵܣϷֵܶͨȿġĪҪΪϷܲ˼վģֻϷΪҪɱȸҪ͵Ϯѡ
ϼһģһⷬҲ𾪲ѡ
ǽ콫֮أ
ϵͻȻһ򣬵ϾȣϵսҲָ״̬ǰʱȫǶģ
ͬʱ֣żȻһѹʱҪһ˵ĽҲԵֵοʱҪԴǺ˵ֹ
һΣһͿأϷ̫⣡
̾к֡
ףĪҪûҵս¼̳ڣܶжôǿ߾ȫֵ״˵İΣ
ɫ˵ϵľ֮ɫ鲻ԽΪ֮顣
ʦ壬ҷģҪɱǴҶ˵ʬ̤ȥǽʦѪսף˰벽
ͬʱȵƲǿǿɡ
һʥӳԱҲûκ˺˰벽ѾһָأߺҵԸΪʥλѪսףսҲ޺
磬־ɳǣΪжŭһë̩ɽǽΪʥ˶սɣ
νѣԸͶϵɶһ棬Ǿȫ֮ذɣ
һԿЦһҲͬĵЦ
ɱ
һ£Ѿֳɶ飬ͬʱǶչ
ĺãȾ׼ɣ
˫ͬʱ˺ɫɽϵЦûһʹ


1323 
˴ս֮ʱΧһȴãȻ֪Ϊȫ񶼼ԺиЩС
Ҳ˲ʱŽǡգԺеĽɫһֱ΢ЦڿС
㵽˭㲻һȷĽͣҾԪ֮Ӱ񡣡
˵ֻΪ˽⿪еʡ
Ϊ֪̫̫ʣΪûиʱͣΪڻ㣬ѧΪӰɣ
ǽɫ庬Ц˵ʹ˼
˺õĻɵӶοӱĶԣЩ޷ĸףΪԵ̫ͻȻˣҲԽ
Լѡ񣡲ΪǰԤϵΣգΪûȻΣУƴ㣡㲻ѧϰΪЩѻȫǰȥҪץʱˣѧǲѧ
Žɫ忪ڣΧͻȻֳһоޱʹĻ棬ԭȫһԼǰЩʵʮʹࡣ
ðɣЩ沢ȫʵģ𣿡
ɫٴʵ
ȻѧңҪȥҵѣ
ش
ǣ㼯עѧϰǽɫЩԼ츳ѣûһ꣬ѧЩ
ɫԪ֮ģСˣвɰϲԤϵһУȴǱչֳľ޴Ǳ𾪡
ΪǵʥˣҲΪʲôڣΪʲôǵһģһˣ
ɫͻȻûΣ൱ԭǽɫα徹ȻԼʮƣԼҲʲô֮ͬ
ԭˣˣ¼̳еײʲôΪʲô峤Ϸһȡ
ץʱʵ
ʵҲûʲôֻΪķѡǷûʲô̫ãԣ뿪ƬɭֵΨһģǷҪѪˣ֮⣬û˿ԼԦǼ
ɫ巢Ц⣬⵹Щ⣬ԭȥķֻġ
Ŷںδҿҵ𣿡
ʵ
Ϊ֮ؾľ̫ңԶˣĵ·ΪȻҵΪһ첢סס黹Լһʮֿмɲɴ⣬һ·СĽ򣬼ΪҲ޷㣡
ɫ̾Ϣжɰ
һ⣬ʵôţƣһԳҵĸףΪʲôҪھݣطأ
ɻʵ
˳пԳɾţȻ澳ɾ͵ŽΪ£죬ΪϣΪһǿߣһ¼һУκ˵ƿأΪΨһߡ
ɫΪ˵жڴһ㣬ôأ
ѯʱԷȴѾȫʧʱһĸо͵һ𣬿ŨŨѪζ̱ǵ
ȫʥҲڱϵ¡
˫ֳֽѾӽ֮ڣʱ˫ۣȫ¶ڴϵĽ¡
Ҫ
·ϣǴֻЦŻӻӣǣµ㱻صĻɳȥ
ǶȻüֵɱ
תͷ˵
Ҫɱ
±ĺʱѾˣڸղŵĲսв㱻Էɱ
ˣʱԶԶڵһѾƴȫʵطɺ󣬸ûս֮
򾲾һԣߵϿκα飬͸Ϣ
ֳĪҪ⣬ǸԪ֮ӵˣһҪˣǧҲˡ

ģǾӲˣ
˻شкһɫȻ͵ĳϵ˻ӹȥǣ˱㱻ֱס
ʦ֣ʦ㣬Ҫס
¼ԿĿ˵ڱסڵ·ҲܵƣȻеķɽס
ˣǷĻӶеķɽ뽫ǺɫնϣֻһԵͽͣɫӦҲһķµɫƾɽ֮޷ն
ߣˣӵ
ЦѸٵڿС
СվܱߣϾԷʥˣݱԱ߱ǿ
ŵսУѾȾѪʼĻ˫ֵĺɫɽҵš
ǡþڴʱҲѾ˸ղŵǲ۾ҲԸܵΧһС


1324 
˱ԷƷȥˣ
д󾪣̽ΧѾµ˸ղٵĲһս
ϵʵȻǿ˺£Ҳᱻܣ
а
ϵҲЩԥ֪ɱΪǵ¹ķԼ˺ܾҲûκջ
ϣ㵨˺ʥĻӿǲС
ͻȻ˵ô͵һзмη֮ɫ
ȥɣʥˣ
͵ĺ˫ֵĺɫɽͬʱն
ʱֻʹ˰˵ɷںʵҪֵϵĽѶȺ֮
Ȼڴʱȴ͵һٶ֮˲֮
ôǣȻԼĽܣһԼĽ
һ֮£ϲһû뵽ʵôǿ
¸ҪѣͻȻһԶˣʱ·ԼȻ޷˵ΧƺһɫĽơ
ڿ֮Զ˶Σ
Ԫ֮壿
ȵ˵һĪķŭӿǿԪ֮
Σʦ壬һԪںĵӵһԱ屻ԷɱоԼҪΪԼղŴ֮УڱԷɱ塣
Ԫ֮弸Ǻ϶ΪһƮٶޱȣһʹ
ʦ壬ҶԲ㣡
˵
ҪϷ֮ʧȥ壬ȫϷ̫⣡ѹˣϷҲˡ
ȻЦ˵κǷ֮ɫ
²μʥˡ
ֻʣԪ֮壬Ȼ
ضζȱʥ
ֻ
Ѿû˵µߣԹ
ߣڱУ֪ʥǷںǵأ
ڿ˵ʱвʥˡ
㲻ùǣֻܷſֽȥս˴ϣҪġ
˵ȴһʹϾԼŮڶԷС
°ܽ˵Ļɲʥˣһʽף˽ףϻῴʥ˵ϣǣ
ϸЦȻʮš
ǧģֻܷһһԪڵĵǾԲڵвġ
˵
ʥ˵ٶ죬ͱֱϽˡ
еķɽѾ˹µĲϣǷĺɫɽƺʱɱ¡
ץ񣬱ϾϽ֮ԼŮ
ʦ壬ĪҪżһǡڣݱܣ˵㽻ˡ
ɲڴʱŭ˶ԷѾʧȥ壬ѾΪʵǹµҲʧȥ壬һԶʹ
۾жҲ̫ϣΪϵʵ̫ǿˣδ޳ɵھɷ£Ķ֣һĪĺˣҲԽˡ
ڴ˵ͬʵڴ֮£Ƕ˽óмҪС֣ϷʦһԪڣ
˵ͷǱԥĳĸУҲͬʱС
Ϊʧȥ壬Ԫ֮ĸУȫġ
ʱһԴϣ¶֮ɫʥˣ֪ڱϵ飬أ
ʲôף˵
侲˵ϻŵЦ⣬ôϲЩɣԼǷв
ҾԲʵϾԼҪġ֪᲻ͬ뷨أ
ϵбʾɡ
ʥˣϲ˺ܾúܾãĿıҪȡ¼̳ķ֪ⷨڵ¼̳֮Уֻǣһֱ޷ҵ
ﱾҵ˱ܻǲϷѰ˱ֻ·һ
Ķ۾ƺҪ۾еκ΢С仯
ԭˣ뱾ʥףǾȷˣ򣬽Ч
ľʹﵽ˼ߵľ磬ʱȻľƽͣ΢Ц˵
ʥˣڿЦɣȷˣǻƾʲôвѰҷ
ЩƵ˵
ŶôΪƾ˵вʥ־ܣ
ȻķʵϵЦΪԣôϱܵĻԼ뷨
ΪƿߣôܻᱻµۣǱʥܴв𣿼Ȼ㶼ܴвʥôܵв
һν̬ȣôԽơ


1325 
ǺãȻ㲻ںǵǱϾȵɱˣҪϣʥ˱ڸղŵľ
ϷݵȻ̽
ϣĿǵõɱǣҲ
Ц
ʥ˾Ȼвϣǣв𣿡
Цв
ǰʥˣǱʥĸףڷţʥѾȡϵ
صЦ˻ȴס˴ϣǿЦҲȻֹ
ʥ˵Ķӣѹ֣ʥ˵ĵһģһѵǰʥ񻹻ϣ
Ͼ̾
⣬Լ֮ҶʥѣʥǷԱһҲΪƽأǱɡڱʥзӳ졣ţɱԣһɱǣʥӵɱĳɡ
ȻҲǸһԸʥʥ㣬㱾ʥվǰҲɱΪɱ˱ʥʥֻҪ㶯һָһֻһ򵥣ãʥĸ׻ƾʥɱ𣿡
ԽԽȻΪ
ϵĪ⣬л϶ݣһ뵽ʥˣﻹ֮Կ˼
ʥ˶ãɱɱ죡ȻɱôɱѣҲͬǺá
ϽĸоԼ˱УԭǴвԷģȴԷס
㿼Ҫ뱾ʥһʽףǿԵģֻҪȷˣʸ뱾ʥ̸ס
ŵıôץȫû뵽ԼԷв֮С
벻ţԴ϶Ǹѵľһԥ󣬴Ѿ˾档
ȥȴǹһҲգֻõ¹ķʥ˲޶⣡
̾ϢȻƣſֳ̾˰ɣ
Ǻɫ͵ķſˣ˱㳯ķȥ
佫˽סȻ͵Ž˵븹С
ЩȴԼı꣬Ҳûлõ¼̳еǿ󷨱
븹кǳ֮Ѿĸˣǳ֮ǿЧ£˵Ȼ⡣
ʥˣˣѾˣǷԽΪѰ
ϿЦʵ
ϴԲӣ˱ʥ£ʥδ鷳ñʥΪȡ÷ǳ˵Σ
ЦеɱڴʱɢǹǿɱôҲа
ʥˣѵ뱾ƴƣ
ҲЩŭˣΪԼȷʣԷȴԼˡ
ƣǵڣˣҲƵģҪȡ˵صķƾԼı£ʥԲȡ÷
̩Ȼ˵˼ԷһսȶȡԷս
ڱŭˣûɽףǳΪ˶ԷĿ꣬һΪƵ顣
ʱͻȻССΪڵѾСŻָС
ϵԭزţȴȻټ
ϣ߷ɹҲûչֻ¶һЦȻʧ˿С
Χжεĸ֣ҲҴ⣬ֱʹˡѪȻСĳǰС
ĵ¼̳ռ޴ÿһξ룬еֻȴԿЩܣˣһ·ǰгͨ裬ǺֻܹСǱ͵͵ĸ
ʱִ¼̳һǵխȺһĿռչǰ
սȴ֪ǴϱЩܷˣʱ˫չɱ
֮УƺʲôûУǽڿտҲҲһƬ⻬ʯͷ
ȴǿԿ϶ǲзĴΪǿҵԤС
Ƭ̺󣬶ӰҲ˽Ȼڿʧ
ڶ˵Ҳ޷ֻܹ̽ƾож϶˵λá
ɣʥ֪ˡ
Ȼ˵
ΧžһƬǲĶ˲κλش
ұ𷨱
һ˱ͬʱֳ塣
ʥˣǧҪ𷨱ʥ˵ⷨʮҪãһӵд˱˲ſĽݣܴ˴Լ
Ͽҵ˵
ô˷ռݣļƻ
Цʵ
ʥˣ˱ǰ뷨ˣʱ뷨Ѿı䣡ô˱Ͻ˴Ƭصɭ߳ȥĽݣȻ󣬱Ҳѡɽ磬׷ɴ


1326 
ϴʱȻʮֹı鲻м١
Ҫ󣬱ʥԽǨݣңҲԷɽ硣ֻǣˣѵĲ𣿡
ŴϷʵ
ºǱʹȻӵľ񣬱ȡýΪʥ˾ɱЩϱǺ뱾һ㣬ֻΪ˽ǣȥûбϵֶʵЩսжˣֻ巢չһ̡
ûνƬֻˣʧȥĶֻҲԶˣЩ꣬ĳ޲սƶ˵ķչӵҰģҲѾˡ
ϳ˽ǣһҲΪ壬Ϊһδ
϶һһٵ˵ⷬ͵Ҳһû뵽һʮļһȻ˶ļ⡣
ˣˣⱾûȷеĶ壬ϵⷬȴ˼֮֮С
ʥɲһǷʹȻһ¿Կ϶ǾǱʥʦ屻ɱ壬ƾһ㣬ʥɱǵĳԭ򣬴Ϊأ
ʵԼûôúƣƾԷһôܸıԼе뷨
ʥˣҲǵѣɱܶȡ¼̳ķѵʥ˻һ֮ԱὫ¼̳ķ뱾𣿡
ϳ̾һȻ㷴ʵ
һ˲䣬Ѿ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ˱Խ¶ˣʱȴ־öԷȫ޿ɾҩ
ϷҲûеսƽķչҲϿɡ
Ϊ˷߲Ż߾ȫȥ׷Ϊֻܱ̭ûκҲΣա
ʵߣܳư£˵ʵϵĵˣҲһֻϾӴ˵أϵһ˻ȫ﷢չĹɡ
֮±˺ĽͣЩеˣЩϣЩˣû̫ǿĸ顣
ֻԷɱ壬һ㣬޷Ľܵġ
ϣƺѾ¼̳ķ˽Ʒѵʥ𣿡
齥ƽȻʵ
ϴʱŷʥ˵Ѳвɷơ
ʥϢŭһнΪ壬ڱУʥ˸ҪˣԸΪ˵δʥˡԣ˵¼̳ķϱõΪˣϲϧʥˡ
Ͽ˵ʮ㡣
˸Уʥ൱˵¼ֻ̳һȴжˣ֪λ֮У˭ǷѪأ
Է̵ȻٴνԷ
ԣɫ΢䣬ǸˣҲĳı仯
ֳЩ꣬Ϊ帶̫̫ࡣǵõ¼̳ķǱӦ֮
Ȼ˵͸ų¿ҡ
˵ƺû뵽ϻ˵˷
һʱ֮䣬ҲΪϵĻжɼ˵ϣ쵼ÿңȻȴǲû㡣ԣΪ־óǷӦ֮ˡ
Ҳû뵽˻˿⵹ҲΪ⡣
ȴȴ˭ҲԸܵ¼̳ķ⵹ļƲˡ
Ǳ໥ˣû˭ⷨǱʥɣ
Բͷ˵
ͬʱȻʱȴǹ˵ʥˣʥ˷ģҵѾͳһ
аЦѾµ˴ϼҪ˵Ļɰα͸
ʥˣֳѾˣȻֳһģΪһУôҲشΡȻΪĴϣϾǷѪ
ɫȻĻش
˵Ǿһû뵽ԼĿѾΪʵû뵽ϻΥ˵Լ
ϹȻʥϣţʥԤϵ˽ֻǣһͷĿɶǴһˣֳ֪ĬĬΪƴѵֻΪĬĬһ𣿡
ֻǺ˵񣬱ܹ³Ǹʲôˣʱڴ϶½ۺǸ˵ʧ
Ȼ˷ӵĿռ䣬ͬʱҲǶԴϵĿ顣
¼̳ķ˭Ҳ޷ѪⷨվҵġֻǣܹΪ֮ҾͿɵĻȡ¼̳ķ
аЦʱ治һսΪԼδھɷĵһˣҲδжȡʤİգǴʱ϶Էˣֻֻܵķݡ


1327 
ȻǲߵģϾɱ޷Ժʦ
Ǻ˶ʲô飬⣬ֻǣ˺˺˹µˣ޷ԭµġ
˵ţһڿ׼˵ʱѾȿڣֳĪ㻹Ųң
ͣҪ˵Ļ¶ӣӺ˵۾һڴı顣
øϣȻ˱ɣֻǣҪס˵Ŀڣƺס
а
ϣҲŲ㣬һҲŲ㣡Щ꣬Ϊ˶飬ͷʼ㣬أҳ˳ƴҵ׵õʲôңҲңһŵĿıΪ֤ҾԲҲ츳ǿ֮ˡ
˵ĻشͬʱһǺԽ˵ԽǼȻһŭ𣺡¼̳ķϷģȾָϷƴ
ϵɴ˫ۣŵǺˣû뵽һֱʵʵĻ֧ԼֳڴʱԼѡ
дֳĪҪ̫ˣûбϣΪһĪҪ뱾ԣ֪ϿǼ峤ƿ嶯Ϊ԰ѱϵĿƣôϱײϣ׻㣬𡣡
˵ֻбɱ⡣
Ϊ¼̳ķҪ֣߱
˺һЦЦ˵ı۶ԡ
ֳĪҪ̫ʥڴˣҵЭһΪδԼﶷ𣿡
жŲٹ˼ɣԲŽƽеɱ⡣
ԭνıʹȻײϣֶεΪԼȡ棡ҸղŲ㱻Ļƭôʱüƿ͸
аʱѾ˴ʲôˣǴʱѵĺˣҲްͬġ
ﶷ㻹˼˵ֻ¼̳ķϷģصԼǾͱΪֵĲˡ
Цеġ񽣡Ѿ׼ϣƺʱᷢ
ķɽУߣһҪطɽ
ɫŶˣȴǰ⡣
ֳҪѰϱȫ㣡֪ģ㲻ǱϵĶ֣ڵԪ֮ڱϣһ뷴ϣֻҪпھ㽫ԱԣҪԼ׸
һһٵ˵ϲɸֳЦ⡣
ˡô꣬ΪϷԪ֮Ȼ㣿룬Ǿͷ˴һǧǰϷԪ֮ѾƿءѾҵԪ֮ʧЧţԣ
˴ʱֳĵǴǰĵ޼еΪ֮м
Դ󾪣һŵģ̱ĿѸٵһιϵĿھ
Ҫ
ͻȻʹİվȵˤ棬Ȼڵʹš
аϲ߶ŸԷһ̵ӡٷԼľ
ݼҲ̫ˣ
ҡҡͷΪǵϵĺˣʹ̣ʵЦӯȻ
ֹͣ΢ЦֳֻǣֳҲͬ¶΢Цı顣
㣬ôܡ
𾪵˵Ӷɳۿû뵽ԼﾹȻʧȥá
޳ܵļһ㾹ȻҪϷΪϷ׵ıΣһΣϷҪɱ㣬Ȼȡϵĵλ塣ȻϷҼЩ˱𡣡
ŭȻһֻֽŵĲ¶һһģһ
нޱȣû뵽ԼŵӣʱȴѾԼĿơ
ʵϲûдֳţΪԷ츳Լ֮£ڵ㿪ʼ˷ͶľԶԶԼ
ʱ˿̣ϴڿУһȻ֮ͻȻһЦ
ֳֵܣʲô飬ҲӦðν򣡲磬һƽ⡣
ЦǴ飬͵ЦҲɰԳԾı֮
ԣƺΪŴЦԼеɱҲԾѸ½
ϾֵܣֻҪԸóҺαԣ
˴ʱ뷨Ѿı䣬ϾûõʱƴһôԼȡ
е뷨²ⲻö˿Ժƽ⣬ֻһҪֶԸԼˡ
λֻһǲ̾ĹʥûôĵȴڣǱʥһ򣬱ʥڱ˷
˵Ѿһɫķɽ


1328 
ֳĴϣҿԽϵ㣬ֻҪóǷһж˵ȻǶֵܱΨ
ΪĴߴ٣ϱ㼱ſ˵пɲϣ١
˵ǰ˻׼һʱ֮ԣ̴ŭ
ߣϷҪǼݶϷãǱ
ȵеķɽٴָϡ
ֳҵȻδʱɱ˵ͨ٣ҲҪȷֺٶ
ֳ֪ĵҪǷգһ뵽ʥ˻һԣǿаסŭ
֮ãϷ͵ȷ֮㶨
˵ͷ˵
ǲѾӱʥĴڣѵǱʥĻˣ֮Уֻһ˵õǲֳʤʥ𷨱
ЦкһŰɫĻ棬ɢöͬʱɫ䡣
¼̳֮Уʥĸ֪ŵĵطҲ֪ʲôķʽ𷨱ǲţʥڱ˷
еİɫϵԾţޱȣûһ˿Цģ
ʥˣţǧĪҪ𷨱
ͬʱ˵
ϣȼǵ˵Ҫ黹ʥһǼǼ̳˵˷ǱʥУڣȴⷨע⣬ѵƭʥģ
Ц
һ𣬵Ϊƭ¼̳Լȷʵ˵ĻֻǷ뵽ԷǵЩ
ʥˣʱ²ǳƭʥˣֻϣаջԲѣʥԭ¡
ϱϹϾ˵вЩڵ˵֮û뵽ڻᱻʥἰ
ðɣ㲢ƭʥǱʥͲƽϣڣǶУֻʵǿһſԻõ¹ķӦ֪ôɣ
ìתƵϡ
ڴʱ˵ӰͻȻʧڿУҲһԾΧʱֵܳĹ
㾹Ȼ͵Ϯϣ
ŭҲʧڿС
ǵлѧգ
Դע⣬ȴǳŴĽƮȥ
ಣ
ɽͬʱǿĽ⽣֮󣬶˵βŻڿгֳ
ǿʵ
ʹ˰˵ɷں֮壬ȴҲоΧĽ֮ǿ
Ǻ˵ս͵Ϯʼ˽ԻͻȻֹԷһսǾʾס
֮󣬴Բʹˣ˫ֳֽա
ϣ㲻ϷĶ֣㽫֣ǿűϷ򣡡
Ҳ˿Уںȵ
ƨ޷Ǳҳճ꣡츳ûӮңڼбΪǷ븸飬ͱˣڸ·ϣѰ·ϻף˭Ǽеĵһǿߣ
Ҳʾĺȵ˵˷ĿΪ˴Է
˵ʵ޼ҪʤȴҲ֮£ʥ˵ȥսڴϿһʮ޴飬ڴ˿ֹͣսȴǲܵ顣
÷ֻһˣΪ˻÷ֳ֮ʤ
ĹսȴǰԷЦΪһֵУ֪Ҳʲôˣ
ң˴ʱɱκôΪʥ˵ˣ¹ķֻԼʸ֮Ѫǲܻõ¼̳еķġ
һ˵ɱǸûκμֵģȻȴʮҪǶƴɶܾˣԼ֮ʱȿΪ˱ɻõ¼̳ķһ˫֮١
ʱ֮ͻȻо鲢ǳԼķڷչ
Ǻս˰ʱȴǸûʹκξУҲͻȻܵΣյĴڡ
ڴʱǺͻȻͬʱʧڿУ䱸Է͵Ϯ
ಣ
ϵĽʱѾǰԶ
ߣ
һӳһֵϵĹһִ֮ϵʵȻǿĳԼ
ѵ츳֮£ôܱҵʵǿô࣡
һֻöԷĽǿޱȣıԷˡ
˵ĹУǺ˵ƾճ֣һΣѾɷΧ֮ڡ

ȵͬʱеķɽҫ۵ĹâԼٶȳնȥ
ʹںУĻᶼûУûܵĻᣬֻӲ˶Էʵʵڵһ
꣡
ս׸޷ܶԷһ֮һʵʵڵ֮ϡ


1329 
ϣ
һɾʹԼҪԶԶǿһˣǳϬĹ㲻ᱻԷն壬ȴҲ˾ҵʹ
ƤɽƣǵɽȻƬ֮Уоʹԭڡ
ķɽǶķԷʵ֮ǿ󣬲֮£һ֮㷢һƺߡ
ñ̬ķȻҲ޷նɱ
㶵ĸ̾Щŵеķɽ
ֻܹעһ
Ͽû˿ͣ٣ڶٴγն
ŭֵϵĽΪʵ̫󣬸ֵס
Ǹղûǿķֻ»һɱ
Щ£ֻؿڴһʹϵĽѾԼؿ֮С
һδƽһ𣬸ոտסϵĹǺ˱ں淢
ͻȻǿĶϮҲΣΪû뵽ԷȻϮԼ
ѵʥ˵ı𣿡
ʹڱ˵ļлУܡ
Цо¾Ͳı֮ãֻҪɱ㣬÷ģ
ϿЦͬʱɽϵĹǺ˸һԵķ
ȻҲûԤϵ˱̬ǻһˣֻͱɱ壬Ȼ˵Ĺֻܴ˺ȴ޷ɱ塣
˵ƤһȥҲʹѪƾ˲١
һһɰ׽ɫĽ㾶ֱϣɫĽô򵥣ҪѾʮǿ󣬼ĴҲƾǻϮԼ塣
ڴܵͬʱ˳ƳǰǺ˵ĹȴԼٶȲռơ
ȻǱ˰ΧĻ潣𵽵òԣΪԷ˵ʵҪԼ̫࣬Ҫﵽ˾Ƶĵز
Թϵ츳ΪǽԳԼһˣϵ츳ӦòԼ֮£ˣĺͬ߱ǿ츳
飡
һֹʹ˽飬ʹˡƽһһȻ޷ԷκһᲢۡ
˹⣬ƵıǷԼõǿֻͱԷɱˡ
£սһǿΪʱƣϵ˿ԽԽ࣬ڵǳ֮Ҳָϵ˿ڡ
嶯ı仯屾壬ΪƾԼαǶ˵Ķ֣ʱֻǿͬǿܣԷĹ
˿ʼΪ⣬սĳҲЩˣΪ̫ǿˣһδֻСˣɱľ磬ɻԶ
еķɽֻѡ񹥻һˣһ˵͵ϮڶԷʵĹ£սʹĻʹȥ
ǶļһӳҪʬΣǵԪ֮壬ö
ŭĺȻƾαǿĵֵϵĹ
ֻ˽û֮ԣʱƣ˵ҽҲȡ˺ܺõĳЧ
ʱѾΪһѪˣϵ˿ڲ°ٴм˿ǶԷķɽӹۻģرؿڣģ֮˿ڡ
ԷϵĻˣоΣյĴڣΪǱԷȥԼᱻԷɱ
ȴֻһ£Ǿõھɷ
Ѿﵽٽˣȴǳٳ޷ھɷǣָⳡпսõھɷˣûб仯Ϊ屾ֵ˵Ĺ
Ԥƣڴʱ仯Ϊ屾壬ԼҲδرսʤ˵֮ơ
յķǽھɷɣһʵٿһϣࡣ
ֻҪ˵ھɷڲ֮أ츳ڡ
ڣϵֶһɽ⾧Ө͸ķɽһѾµͼ

˻֮󣬴Ѿһն
ϵġ¯࣬һ֮£ռžƣˣûüܱ㱻˿С
̬
̾徹Ȼȫ޷ǸҲ˵һ˲䣬˿У޷
а֮ͬƶԷ壬Իа⡮ҪΪֲһ㡣
ϵġ˫ʱ䣬ڵʵϿɵĽʮϢϡ
֮䣬һϢʱԶʤʮϢ֮ãǱʮֲֿˡ


1330 
ն
ʹ󣬲ûκԥһ͵ն
ϵķɽϮʱǼΪóһ϶ʵʽǡôնӴ
൱վŲöԷһڣΧӰ£Ҳ½˲١
Էһնʱʹпֻͷ­㱻Էնˡ
һնºѸٵĶźʾһ
ĪǣҲܹ͸ң
д󾪣һֱڶԷĸ֮УֻûԼĵھɷԼ㱻Էɱ塣
ãʹ屾ˣһᱻֱ̬ɱ
аֻԹ֮󣬷־Ȼ屾嶼޷仯

ٴŭһΪǺ˵һҲƫбնԼղ˵ĲӴ
˵Чãж֮һĲӣһ֮ȫնϣҲζŶɱ
Χɶ֮ʱȴٴλŷɽʹ
ҲͬʱоΧĸٴαụ̈ԼҪ⸡ȴѾúϣ
ˣѵұҪڴ˴ˣ
ʮƣǱɱһΣԼٻ壬ʵҲٵĵˣǰŬһ
ھɲ˼򵥱ģǱԷɱ壬ҲõھŷʧӰ٣顣
ٻ壬ڶԷ˵Χ£ҲֻǱ˻̶ѡ
ô죡
аԽʱ˽ɫڵֱס£ԼҲ޷ʹ
Ѿһɽʹúɫɽ
ڽ̶ס󣬶ʹɽϵͬһطҲɱЧʡ
еķɽϵն£ȴֻԱӲ
һʱ䣬оԼɱˣΪӴֻʣ֮һӣһԷȫն£ԼҲԷɱ

ۼɱڼ׽Ԫ֮ġԪ䡯Ҳ׼ˡ
ʥҲҪɹˡ
ҲͬĿЦ
һ֮ʣеŭѾŴȼգΣԼҲܹô
Ǿ㱻Էɱ壬ԺҲԭԼʱ˿̣ŭ£ڵİɫͻȻǼȻʼڵﴦѸٵĻۡ
ϹʼʩʹϵʩչǿҲоЩƣ
Ҳֻҧ֣ʱǧѷĻ
ʤǰٴеĺɫɽ׼峹ɱ
ڴʱһҫ۵İâͻȻĲ䴫â͵Ĵ͸Χĸ
ˣͬʱǰâ֣һžıըͻȻ
ԭӲĸͻȻڰâĳ¿ʼѣͻıôϲԭء
ۣ
ֻúͷһһѪ׵Ǹ֮ϡ
˺󣡡
ƺʶʲô͵ĳˣҲܱס
˵ʧڿУͬʱҲѸٵĺˣĿһסؿڣֵ봦ĸ
ɫĻ澹Ȼٶȴ͸˸ȻһŸΧסʱһ֮Ǿ޴ĸȻ˲䷢¡ıը
һαըǿ˰ɫ棬Ǳͬʱըռ䶼ըѿ
¹Ҳƺεıըҡҡ׹ռ䶼ͬ˿ֲĵͬʱҵ
ڱըͬʱһɫӰѾڿУȴһδֹơ
弸ִͣͷŵĺ򷢳ŭĺͬ˵Ұһ㡣
䣡
ը󣬴ϵ徹Ȼήҵĵ棬һֻסؿڣȻƴѪɫǲ԰׵ĺѪɫ
Խǿһķɣеĺء
һֱռƣû뵽ȴϡͿıİɫˡһǿֲķɣȻʧȥ˾󲿷ս
˵ʧڿУδֹһ㣬ȴҲĻ𾪡
𣡡
ŭţͷ­ֻ֮ʣһСڲϣŭͷ­ƺʱҪڵء
𣡡
ĺԽԽ͸ŵķŭôҲзëΪʱԼѾˣԷȴǿ
мκֵھɷҪԼķŭУھɷҲʱɡ
ǣ̽һеĿֱھŴηŭ󣬵ھɷɡ
޳ɵھɷķƽȻһŭ֮ɫǰϲ˷ܡ


1331 
ʱ˿̣ѸٵĻָΪϼˣҪָҲô١
ѾʹھɷĲɫʵ
ھŷںϽͻȻǰδеĸоΪԼֹһ
Щӵеھŷ֮һھɷʵԭеĻһ
ȻԼʵԲֹһв־ϲ
һ󣬺Ȼ֣ԼÿɷҲ˲٣ʱÿɷ֮һ
ÿɷﵽʮҵʵڵھɷں£ٴη
ҵʵѾңڵʵɱ֮ǰң
ţԼһøԭھɷǷǳˬ飬οԼɷ츳˽֮һһ츳ͨߵϡ
ӵǿʵûн֮չֳĬĬĸǿǳ֮ٶҲڴʱͻȻ٣ҲѸٵĻָС
ϲ֪˶Ѫ˹ǿѹ£ǷɵЧ㱻סˡ
٣ڴʱϻǿսⳡս֮ǷɵЧΪֲչֳ
ץһΣۿҪɱʥˣȴͷһһҪɱǾ͵취ˡ
˰׼ڹؼʱͻϮȻȴ̫Сʱˡ
ںϾŵɷʶڴʱѾģĸܵ˵ڷ
ɱңһᣬǶˡ
Ѿ˶˵̣Ϊӵоŵɷ츳ִΪӵоŵɷֲĴ֮һ
ʱѹסڵķɺվֱ壬һĶ޲̽ǰʬΡ
Ǻˣ򾲾ɴʱһǱš
ЦŴϣʵϵǳ֮ѸٻָƬʱ䣬ѾȬ
һֱ۲ãвôָôѸ٣ķôܻԶԶʵ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬һƺָֻǰΣӱϿֱǺҲζŴ϶ǰĹûȡЧ
ʥˣ¹ķȾָܽϣϵΪʥˡ򣬾ʥˣȻɣ
˵ͬʱֵķɽͻȻѾһϼķɽ˫ͬʱָ
ߣɱʥΪô𣿵ȱʥȡ˷ʰǡ
ЦڿһԲι켣ƶȵֹʱͻȻһҫ۵İ׹⡣
ǰ׹֮Ѿƾʧڿڣôͬʱһ
һѾɵʧ֮û뵽ڴʱͻȻʧ
˵ҲڴʱֳǴ϶һۣЦôʧˣϷÿһطʮϤﲻܻκγڣ
ûгڣôʧ
ƵķʵЩջ
ֻȷ˳ڣȻռϸѰ˲°ٱ飬ȴҲȻûҵټ
һڴ˴֮ǰһڴ˴صشֻҪס˵أһֵġ
Ͽ϶˵ȴǰԽп࣬Ϊ֪ʱ᷵أԼոѹڵķЧֻµһʱ֮ǷɵЧǰӿֲɻԼʧȥᷨơ
ƵȴʱͻȻٴһ׹⣬ǰ׹ֵĵطʧĵطһģһ
үﾹȻŴ󣡡
˾ΪԼû˴ȴǵһηд
ǰһֻҪдô֤Էصط
˿ʼϤоеĴ󣬶ڴʱѾͨдһİĵ
ֿеĴоһд÷ֱԼھɷ֮źԥ˴͡
⴦ͨط֮Կ϶һ㣬ڴͺȥǳһİĵط
оԼ׹һΧľɫѾȫ仯ˣľɫҲΪ֮סˡ
ͳֺδ춯ڿУΧİֻطʵǹŹ֮
ĵη·һɽȣ˷ߣңԶϿһƬɫţ¹⾹ȻԴ͸ϿյƬش
ͼʶչ̽ʱԪ֮һƬѣΣ·Ǳȭͷѣεĸоò̽顣
ôطҪҵһ׵飡
аԼֵλüԺУ׼ʼѰʥµķ


1332 
ͼֱӳϿշʱйĪȻԼǿѹ
ǰǧɲǹѹ˲ֹʮƺԽϷУѹԽ
ȻǰԼĪɺֻǹεҲǧֹ
ŵɷʵʱҪǰУȴҲס
Ͽգ־ɫзǳңԶľ룬Լʱܵľ޴ѹԼ޷ֱӷɵӽɫС
Ȼϵ·ͨ½䣬ֻһһ
⴦طʮ֮죬ϷлܵǿѹȻ·ʱȴܵһǿǣͺñǿĵ¡
Խ£ǹҲԽòֹסΣȻѡڿƽзС
ѡһȻƽгǸһ·УƽзеܵӰ죬ȵڿз֮󣬲֤ʵԼĲ룬⴦طȻһɽȡ
Ȼƽзɵɽһʱɽ֮ϵ൱û뵽ϻ˹ɽȡ
ΧĵƣȷԼһɽ֮УͱڣȻͱϾȻڶ಻֪ľ
ĲͱڣҲЩľЩľ
Σû뵽ЩľķȻϣ˾Ȼ³ֱִ
ڶľɭ֣ƬɭǴͱġ
ڿһᣬųЩɭַȥҪִɭʱͻȻоһǿԼɭִķק
Ϊɭ֣ԱƾǹԼɭֳ
ھɭԼĪʱһֻӥԼӥеĹ켣ˡ
ԭԼɭֲǴƽеλãӥȴһǶȳԼ
ӥɹ󣬱ǰɴң۾
ʲôˣȻҴɭ֡
ӥ˵ǿɱ⡣
Сʶȥ̽飬ɭ֮оȻ̽鵽ΧҵķΧ
һ̽飬֪ӥʵԪӤڵΪ
ѣɭ֣ʣΪɭֻµķֱأ
Цűȭ˵
ӥɻͬźӥϰһʱҲЩɻΪκڿС
Ȼش𣬶ôͻȻ֣
ӥʵ
գ
аԾȣȻ󿴵Ǻӥڿгֵʱ׹ԭӥǽɭƽпռҲա
Ҳ֪ͻȻ͵
ȭشʱȻǺӥѾһΪΣȴһӢꡣ
˴ӥأκ˽ͨУôأѾڣɶѡҪôķɽսҪôͶ
ӥ˵Ѿһǳɫķɽ
˼ҼȲսҲͶ
ЦųǰУǺӥ̱ŭˣֳַɽסȥ·
ӥأһбɲ㣡׼ɣ
ӥڳļƣеķɽŵ¹⡣
ѣֻ;˵أαشɱɱأ磬·ɽҵȰѾԻǸã
е˵¼̳ķڴ˴ھںδȴô׵֪ġ
ȥ
ӥȰ棬ȻֱԷɽնɱ
Էķй켣ܲϰߣΪڿУԼȴǴֱǶȡ
ӥ𾪶ԷȻûԼĽвɰŭΪԵĶԷСԼ
ﬣ
ӥĽŴȥǵжԷʱȴһֻһɴӶԷؿڴԼɴɳȥ
ǿķ
ӥ𾪵˵Ѿûκ֮ɫˣӥҲĹ
ѣҳէôǿˣԿ˰νƺЩ˵ȥˣҾͲƽϣٸҶҳǿɾͱҲˡ˵ӥĳǿؿӥرôҪСˣҺϲԿġ
ȻûжŭֻǶǺӥ˵һƽȴŵúӥˡ
ǰĪҪΪӥô۸ȳˣԲǶ֣
ӥһߺˣһ˵֪ʵʵֻ»ᱻŵĻɢ
ŶǾͽ㳤ɣҵҪǳкͣ
ʮƽ˵Ȼ㲻һԵĺӥԹԵĳɭִжȥ
ʱֻʹԪӤڵķٶȣΪıǲס
ӥŵķһĽԶһһĻӦӦһֱɭ֮С
΢΢һЦǺӥǼɭִȥ
ԼĪƬ֮ǰȻʮӰӣЩӰԼΧ


1333 
󵨿ͽӥأͶ򣬸ɱۣ
һֻɫӥſŭȵ
ЩߵΪ޷κȤǱһȺΧסҲͣס˷֮ơ
ʱӥҲѾϵȴһȺ̹Ķ
μϣ
ͬʱ˵Щˣû뵽һԪӤڵ߾Ȼӥĳϡ
ԭӥϣ
Цʵеûκγζ
Ȼӥһ죬ΪղſǰˣʱɵͷϹϾ˵ǰ˵ǣ±ӥϣղŶе֮ǰдһƽϣ
ΧһȺ߽Դʧɫû뵽ϾȻƶԷΪǰô˵Էʵ֮ϡ
Ͽˣλŵ˴ǲ޶⡣أ赣ģȻҲĪҪԱ˳ңҪŭңǻصġ
Ȼ΢Цı飬вԷʱ򣬲ĻȴаԾ衣
ǰģӥ߾Բǰ
ӥ̬ԽһҲͬʱӦŵҶ˿
ˣɢȥһߣ
˵
ӥͷǲɢˣȻ̸ӥ幬׼֪ͨӥ죬Ϊӥһʵɲˡ
ڿеվƶ˶ԱǵģΪԵʮֹ졣
ǣ뻻һȴǸӦΪԴֱķߣȫϰߡ
ɭУȴɭֱִ״̬ɭһԶһһŴ
֮㷢Ƭɭе֮࣬Щӥ⣬ڶߡ
ƬأӥƺͳһУߵĵλҪ˺ܶ࣬˵ĺǸӥߣ˵Ĳӥߵˡ
ƺ˻صݵĴΧǵͼߣеĲŸմﵽڵΪߣڶಢδĶ
ȻԶԣֻ߽ǸʽĶЩеɭ棬󲿷֮С
ϣжľжɽЩɽСС۸ӣеߵģǶġ
ЩߵĻе߻ὫЩϣΪߵĶＯҲЩ֮
ĵطɻЩӣˣ鵹ʮֲ
˾޴ǷںδأĪҪҽռ̽һ飬ǵҪꣿ
ããޱߵɭ֣ҲЩãˡ
ǰΪ봫󣬺ܿѰԲŲûɱǶˣѡѰҷ
ˣǴ˲еĴҲǰ˵أôɭе񲻻ᱻɱһգ
뵽ɾԼǳ嶯һ㣬ӦȽǶˣ˴Ѱ
ȻҲƲѣǴԼԭһҲ̫Ϊɭеߡ
ܿˣЩѾעģ㲻ԼǺҲһܷ硣
Źɭ֣ϣ£ûгǹĪѹ
Ҳ֪ⱦںηˣҪѰԵЩãȻȻˣҲַأ϶硣
ӥУ洦ɼ̵ɱǶ֮䣬֮䣬һֱŵ⡣
һƣӥɭ֮䣬ÿߵһԻڶĿע
úһϣֶŸοҵڴ˴ķ
ڴʱһԵһѨﴫԭһͷɫ׼ԼһﾹȻԼ
ĸܵ˫Ѫ˫ۣʱĴӶѶУȵ벻һʱǺɫѾͣסΣ΢΢Ľεͷ­׼Լ
ͷߵֱԼĪһ״֣һͷߣǷڵѾǾˣȻƬǷǳСһֶ߶̸ϡ
ͷɫˣЩɫƺ˶ҪԼҪ۵ġ
ʵɭ֣жγһɽϵҪϡˣԣûıҪ
ɫѾ׼ˣɲǼ䵯ѪѾͷϮ
䣡
ɫıһڽͷ­̽Уȴû뵽δȽԷȴͬײӲʯײͷԻðǡ
أ
ɫضʱ۵ķһİɴ۾ŵǰ
ʯϣֶǺɫһۡ


1334 
ʲôȥײܵͬķ˺ʱͷԵĶƺȻûԼѸһôˡ
ɫβͣ˫׺ݵĹâſѪ죬ڿвϵĲʱһɱ̵Һٵ
ɫԴ綾ƹ⣬ĶҺĹ
ɫĶҺȴ֮⣬Ǻɫסˡ
ǿĵˣ
ɫа룬һת׼ӻضѨѡ
ǺɫûʹڶεĶҺǲ֮һƽϣϾԷ߶Ʋϡ
ںɫӶ֮ʱ΢΢תѨʮһʱֲ˻ӶѨд
ɫֻһ޷ܵԼѨקɾ£ɫް취㱻Ƶ
ɫɳѨƺѾסƴĽβȴҲ޼¡
˵̲壬֪ζǲͬأ
ٴλ䣬Ǻɫݺݵڼ̵ʯϣҵƤѪģ
ɫ߻ЩʱգûߣԲŸóȻ
ɫܹǿ˼ȴ޷ش
ʱΧѾвٿ̽۾Ŵ˴Թעİα塣
ָᵯһɺɫĻѾɫ֡
ɫֻһ˲䣬޴ϣðһɽζ
ĺܿ죬ȥҲܿ죬ǺɫѾ˲䱻ˣɢζ
Ϊ赭дʿɫϵ飬Ȼ롣
һڣ㽫ԽɽУɫⲢɿڡ
ΧĸηΪ赭дɱͷɫȻܵԶ
΢΢ɭֵϿգһƲУֻУƺڰ͵Լ
طڲ֪ͬǷ᲻ӥأ
аȻԲٶȳϷнڸ뿪ʮϢϵǾѾһ׺ݵҰ޷˺ҧ
ǰʱʶΪģ˷Բ֮ڵɭԼеĶѨ
ԼĪʱԼӥصһµ˽⡣
ΪﵽԪӤڵߣʱھȻûһ޳εҲ˵ӥصʵձƫ͡
ͻȻǰ֮ɱԭڴ˵أʶܵһƣ̽鲻˶Զ
ǣȴûܵκӰ죬ˣǧ֮Ҳɵ̽
ǡãϿչɱ׵ĴĶС
ȵӽɱ֮ʱһȺΧһˣ˾ȻȵԪӤڵΪһڣҲ˿·硣
һ꣬һɫսףʱڿзâ
ΧʮߣУ󲿷ӥߣһӥ塣
֮⣬Ѿ꣬ʱһɫɽʮ˽սŰΧ
쾹ȻҶݳϳ㵱ӥȥȥĵط𣿡
һڵĺȵ
ҳ֣ȻͲЩòȻĹҹնĳһ޷ա
һ߻ŷɽһ߿Ц
ߣڳԣֻдӥС죬ѾΧˣ붴Ѩߣ
ŭһվ±ѹ
ɱӥôȥأ
˵ͬʱнһһâĻһߡ
ߵҽеĺˣһֱѾͬɽԷ˲ն¡
Ĵɱӥӣˣ
ŭȵӥзɭɱ⣬һֱսеƶ
Χ˽ԲҴ⣬ΪԪӤڵĸ֣֮Уֻһ˴ﵽԪӤڣΪиԹ
ӥ˶ڣͨսĶԷʵȵԷʵ½Ȼһٻɱ
һˣ³һۣͷֽսС
ȻʮΧ治죬Ĳзɽ·ɵӦ˵Χ
ʱͻȻһٵ³ϵɫ䣬Ȼڵķһۡ
ˣ
´һ޷һ˿ɵϣҵۿɱΪҪڴʱˣ
Ͻ㳷ˣͳˣҲ巨ͷ
ȵ
²Υ泤֮볤ԭ£
˾ֵ˵ﻹٿԳϡ
³ҲƽϣֻһȻ뿪´һֱĵ·ÿźȵãϾȷһϿضѨɣ´㣬ϱȻȡ


1335 
˵ıȳĻΪŵ˰ɣȺ޳ܵųӣûôף
Цзɽٴμ٣Ȼ˲նɱˡ
ٴ𼱴ٵһ³ϸΥߺ޵ĵ˺һۣһ
³ûʱ˼սˣԶ˲ƶȥҲͬʱ˲뿪
ģб±ӣδȫأ
ƺŭˣеķɽٴηâȻһ˲׼зë

һ˷ֵĲҽеķɽȻԷնϣʹһֵ˶ԷͻȻһֻѾԷɱ

ǰʵʱԷ׼ܣȻûɱΧԼˡ
һ֮ӥǿԪӤڸֱѾˣ˵װȻǷͷܡ
ԪӤΪûﵽߣҪںܣǼֱѰ·
˸ոձ仯Ϊ壬ӳһСξ󣬺αѾڿչ˲ơ
ԪӤڵΪȫռݾʵʱչ˲ɱ
˵Ĳҽͬʱ𣬵Ǻ³ڿʱΧߵʬŸտʼ·Ʈ䡣
ӥߣˣƬ򽫻Ϊ£ǳɣ򣬱ɱӥߣ
Цսĵܵӥŭɶ
Ʋ֮УһȺӥĲ̲סȥֻɵǿʵȺӥֲǿš
Ц֮ȴЩɻΪЩӥôͻȻͳˡ
ѵıոձչسû֪ʵѾﵽԪӤڣЩӥô֪ǰӴأ
뵽ַһͳЦ
ӥĵϣܹ˴ʤȴǲ飬ʱ鵱Ƿǳ֮ˬ
ȻѾﵽԪӤڵΪɾǸϢ
İ³а֮ΪλᴫԼ˵ˣԭڸ֪Ϣˡ
˵ԪӤڵĸָϵ󣬰³ŷϾԪӤڵĸֿɲ࣬һӥľ޴ʧ
ɱһȺ˺󣬱ɱ֮ˣȴϱʹƴӴܣϾӥĵϣҲ뿪̫ԶһձӥĸΧԼлˡ
һɱѸٵĽԶĿһУвɸпĶ࣬뵱꣬ԼγǴһ׶߹ģҵǣԼڵʵѾȵǿ򱶲ֹ
ܱǧʱѾӰתͷƺҪⲻ֮ǲӥĸ֡
ѵΪɱӥЩ߱ͷܣ
ìܣǱ㱧ȭ޵
ߣıƨ˭Ϊ
ɫĽ֮ŲţӽµĵطſԽʵӵһ¡
ôţ
аȴ治ɫȻŵЦ⣬ȵԷʱŽһŴϡ
ף
ҲɻΪǺվϣͺñȾ֮˿е˱գ泯һ㻬
ѣ·˵أҪƨ
Ц˵
˵ȤȻվڿУ磬˵˵ɣҲ鲻һ
Ц
Ŷǲˣ㲢ֵƨңҺվڿУƨ¡УҵϣҪ
˶ԷǲԼͨƬǱ٩˵
ЦȻֹû뵽˸˵Լ˵аԾ裬ʶ̽ԷȴֶԷֻǸڵߣвʮ
ڵߣȻҲԱ˵ǻòͷˡ
ЦӢòвЩ
Ŷôˣѵֻ۸Ϊ͵㻹ԳƺҿԴСˣ
аȵЦЦúץˡ
õĺӥУҲ˲֪˲ɱӥҲ£ȴû뵽ᱻһڵ߳Աӡ
ȻǱͳȫ㣡ķϣʲôԱ˵ɣҲԣ
ٺЦ֪ʵͼߣɽеķɽҲ
ʱûԣҿ㵹ҪԣӥĳҲΥҵһСʲôأ
٩ԷԲ˵
ಣ
еķɽٴγ֣ңѾ˲Ƶ±ϣΪһбѾ
Сʻ괬ǺҲһˡ


1336 
Ŀƺӥ峤ϵˣԲͨˣҪôʵҪôǷӣŶԷǰߡ
ǰߣΪ㲻ٺ֮£ԷڸΪȻȻǰߡ
һܣԷӥնһ˲࣬ȵȷԼһ˲ӻزĶѨŻָɫ
£֪Ǻηˣ籨ţ
ʱѾҴ⣬Ȼ˵ȷſࡣ
𣿡
ʻúĿ࣬û뵽ԷԼ
ðɣ㱾㣡ӥںڰѨߺ֪ʲôˣ
һСʱҲ⡣
һɢޣ;ӥѣ
Ц˵
ûɢޣǾûбļһ
һѰ˼ͻȻһͳЦ£ǲǾñܺ۸ǲǣ
ǵģӣеɵɵģӦú۸ɣ
ٺЦش㽫֮صҲǿЦɫͨ졣
ãȻҪǾݹֱֺ
ŭȻͻȻ֣һѨеɳʮ֮ࡣ
²μ
˷׷ױȭƺ
񣡡
΢΢֣ǻȻ󣬶һʹʹɫȥС
ǣ
һģߣ˫۷ƵĶֻһ̽飬ŨŨЦ⡣
˻൱֮ˣ̽ʵȻǹ۲Χȷûӥ֮ʱЦųɽ
СļһԷǸ֣͸ɣ
а
˼ɽʱȴƤûգһ£˱һԽӽ壬ͻȻֳ˻ȥ
Υ
ŭ
ңԺһ£ֻҪķһʱ䡣
Це˵
Ǹĵļһ
Ե̾ȻһĨͻȻһɫߣ߳¶һ˫۾⣬طȫڵסˡ
Ҳ׷״ߣ⵹ЩˣǸһｫ׼Լʱ̱ô¡
ѣǲʩչУ
Цʵ
ǣô֪
Цκ͵ǸѸٵ
ˣˣˡ
ٺһЦȻ㳯ǰУһֵúһ˶סˡ
ܰϷĴлûأ
Ƶĺ
ѨϰԵûóȻ׷Ϊһӥĵ̣˱СһСıᱻӥ֮ɱ
ǣҪǲɱɱ㣬㿴Űɣ
ЦͿǲ˳ˡ
СӱӣϷɱˣ
ǾΪˣҲֻӲͷƤ׷ɱ
㻹׷ɱҰϻǲè𣿡
ͻȻͣ£ǻаϲת׼ʩչǿ

һһץǻǱоʮѣԼڵҲԷˡ
ս
û뵽ԼСĽǷǳõģԷȻڵʵΪǵʵѾڵΪ̫ࡣ
ַʱȻ޷ֻԼĲӶ챻ԷˣһԷϣǾζ
뵽ǵŵĻɢֵķǰ
㣬ҪƨѬң㵱Ҳ֪ļܰɣĵļһҲգ
ЦʱǻǷһĲҺӴȻͷ֮Ȼױ㱻һεֿˡ
ɱº֣ʶ½ѡ
ЦϵɱҲʧӰ٣аԲ²ΪҲﵽԪӤڣǽսԼһӪǱһ
Ŷ򲻹Ϳʼ£ˣǲҪһͬԿӥߣ
޷̵˵
ǺǣǴϲѣ磬¼ҵһɣֻҪһ֮£֮ϵĵߡ
Щ˵
һ֮£֮ϡͦ˵ģһ𣿡
Цʵ
Ǻǣʵѹ֮Ȼѵʵȱǿ㹰óλ
֮ջ
Ŷ鲻Կһ£ֻǣҼǣӥֻҪˡ
¶صЦ⡣
ӥߣ˸ãҵȵĵ̱Խˣ
Ц
ǰ򲻿ɼһ
֮ͻȻһᣬʮ¶Щһ֣ϱ¶־֮ɫ
ӥôȫѵΪ˶Ը𣿡


1337 
ŭѾ˵˶ѨϣֻҪ̿˲ߡ
ĳƨӥ㲻ǸСˣƾ㣬Ҫӥ˶೤϶Ը𣿡
Ц
ôұֵӥô೤϶Ը𣿡
ӿڵ֪Ʋ֮в˲ӥߡ
²ң°ݼǰ
ϽһŴϣҲ޲Ϳ
һĻúʱֹͣ붴ѨΪȻʵӥһڳϿڳǰôʵ׻жǿأ
ĪѾﵽԪӤڵΪ
뵽岻ɶæ˵飬֪ǰΪǿ󣬻ǰˡ
֪߲
δӥߣش˺Ļ
лǰǰԸ룬óλӴԺǰǵ֮
ԪӤڵǿζʲôǿĿɽԼſԻøĺôӴԺ󣬼ռӥĵ̣Ҳָտɴ顣
Ŷôһ濼ˣ
ǺЦ
ǰҪһ֮ӥĳ֮λǰӥ壬һԵõǿĵλ
ϵȰ
ǰҪӥ峤ǵĻƭӣǰΪǼӥ壬еʧ̫ˣңӥĳĶֻ࣬һϵλã㲻ҫ
żķԵ
ǰֻҪӦӥ壬ӥϵλñǰġ
ͬĶͽ㣬ŵ
λãЩӥǲǷˣȻӥϵλù
о֣ͻȻԼѾʧȥԷ£ʱϾӥϵĵλҪԶԶĸ߳Լǵߵݡ
˵֮һߵӶҪɳˣŵĶϣû뵽ȻԼĵλŵ˶Է
ЦѾ³Ǻߵݣ˵ӥϣôԵ˷ŭأ
ðɣóӥϵĵλǰǱ£ǰ
ٺЦѾµӥǾԲóϵĵλģҲһӥսҪչԼÿɽۻҲǶԼġ
֪֮Ǳ£ˣֻ¶ӥζһĺƽ٣ӥͨϵĵλ޷ǿߡ
ǣϵŵԼ޷ߵĴѾĻϾҲû뵽Լᱻϸˡ
ԭϵ˽ǱԷˣٺõĹϵҲ޼¡
ϣĪŭȨ֮ƣӥķϣĪҪΪѱϡ
ϵԴϱȭ˵
дʲôӥϣԽȨҪϵλãʲôʸ񣿡
ŭȵĽϵȰ档
ǰǶǰģӥĴϲܸһˣλǰǰѡ뱾һɣ
ɿбжôˡ
ʼն΢΢Ц⣬ƺΪ˫
ӥЩ˲ֳɣһϵ֧ߣһǴϵ֧ߣһһ
˫˿̣һжˣһˣһ࣬аˡ
ϣӥ֮ʣڸѡʱˡ
ϿĿϣΪϲ֮ͣһɣһֱУʱпܼԼһġ
ϲû˵ֻĶ˶һۣΣ춼ϵĳŵ档
ϣ̫ˣӥ䣬ûȨȥݣǴϽλãôǲǱҲΪӥĳϣԣִ֧ϡ
ϱ̬ЩҲ׷ϱͳһսߣһϹϵõһҲѱ䵽˶ԷӪ֮С
һʱ䣬ϱѾǹһˣӥһȺϡ
ӥΣӣӥΣӣ
쳤̾ε
ǰԸ֮λǰ
ʱ޷Цޱȵ˵ΪϵĿУӥѾԼµǿΪ
гһ㣡
ڿ˵
λԻڣϾϳӥĳ֮λ֪λΣ
ϸ˵
Ϸּ
ڳͬĻش
һ˲䣬ңһ뵽ЩϿܻ˵ɷĺλҪɱңǵı㣡ǣǧܵǰǰӥΣӣ
ߣǰʲôǰΪǿҵȫƺΪǰʲôǰϾǲ⡮ǰ֣


1338 
Ƶ˵лû
˵Щʲôȴ־Ѿʧȥ˿ƣԼĴȻ᧿ΣһڳΧм䡣
һȴһγԼ˲ƶܵһնǰ
䣡
ʮɣеķɽҲԷĴĵڵϡ
ǵӰٴһѾصǰڵĵطӥϡ
ĪҪӥĵϲ񣬲ҪΪֻˣɱ㣡αǶľ棬ٸҺһȡ
ϱ˫֣Ȼ˵ɢ˲ɰľ
ԪӤڣû뵽ӥϵʵǿ󣡡
ŵİղŵһԼԷɽУԷֻһȭ֮ȻԼʮɡ
ϵɫȻùŹû뵽ϵʵǿԭΪԼǴͬΪȴ֪ѾﵽһȫµΪ
ԪӤӥ֮УҲ˿ԴﵽӥƾʷУԪӤҲֻһ˵
ϲΪ
ڳ鲻ԽĹֺȴɵɵԭأԵЩ֪롣
ҲɵˣʱҲҶ˵һֻ֣㶵ǰ
ϣ׼ɣ
Цһһ֣ϰγɽָϡ
̾һҲγԼķɽ
˫ѸٵսһţбԪӤڵĳ϶ԸϣԪӤڵĳЭ
ϼԼ״̬ȴҲУ㱻˵Χȫѹơ
Ƭ֮Ѿ˺ۣҲʣ޼
ˣϲսˣƾϴã
֪Ƕ֣Ǳ˷ɽȻƾڳϵķɽ˲ϡ
ϣϧ̫ˣȱɱ㣬ȻԸԵġǰ
ϿЦƸΪˡ
εһȴʲôҲû˵ΪҲ֪ǷԴ
УҲԪӤڵĸ֣ҲﵽΪֻ¿Դ
뵽Ͼӥ嵹ûʲôΣֻԼȴϡͿвɱ
ҳȴҲûߣڴӥ峤һսںУҲﵽʲôʵԣŸΪڴ˫һս
һѾǰȻɽ͵һϵؿ֮Уֱӽϵ˸Դ
һѪѾ¶־֮ɫȴչûзκ
ҪˣҪ֣̫СƱϡӥ峤޿ȡκȡϵĵλ
˵ɽѾϵĲ䣬ֻҪһն£϶ɱ
ڴʱ֮ͻȻֳһƬɫƲʣһȵˣ
Ů£
ϼ˵Ȼ㲻˲ķɽ㳯Ů
ϲòɽ񣺡μŮ¡
ӥ峤Ϸ׷ǲ¶Ӱʮȫ׵ӥսʿн䣬֮һӥŮӣЩŮӸԿ֮ڵͿա
ʱжŮƲ֣ŮȷһŮòǿϲ٣ӥڳҲɵֱ۾
ӥŮǣˣ˭Ůأ
鲻Խ˵һȺҲĿɿڴ
ӥŮȷʵƯΪ̫ͣһʤ
аƲոճʱѾ̽鵽ӥŮµò
ǶŮºһɫӵӥŮŮڴ󻹸ŶŮԼһŮӻӣȫ׵ӥսʿ
ŮµҲڳֻ΢֣ڳһڳϣ㹻ˡ
λϣ񣡴ϣ֪Ϸ˺ȻҪʧȥ
Ů»ǻһλðĸо
ϹֺȻ㽫֮渵Ůһһ߲ʱ
ȵ԰գŮſڵϢŭ˵ϲ˱ŻԴϵĵλǰӥ壡ǴҪ֣뽫һ𷣰ɣ
Ůһڣ˽֪ϱסϾŮ³еΣǴɱ⣬ȴҲŮ¡
˼ĪŮֻǿܣΪȻŸմﵽԪӤڡ
аЦоŮµĻӦûʲô̫ķϾʵǾһеĹؼڡ
лŮ£
ϼĵлû뵽Ů»ԼֻãԵǸж¡
һΪӥ壬Ȼϱºڹϣ֪أ
ŮЦˣһЦȫִ״ҲŮЦʮǴǵĶСѸǳĿɰ֮


1339 
˵ĿԾ۽ڴϵϣȴǲ˵Ŀ⣬ȻЦһ
Ů£˽ԽȨΪ£һӥˣȻҪóְλ˵ѾγϵŮ뱣סϣûбϵɣֻҲܣ
˵֮ʱеķɽٴϵĲϡ
ϣѵҲ˿ˣ
Ůƺˣ΢΢Щ΢΢ͣ鲻ԽҼĸо
ŮϢŭҪϣҲȫ޿ܣǣٺ٣
ϵĿͻȻЩ룬ǵЦ⡣
ʲô
Ůһоôϲ˼򵥵ķŹϣһйֵ
Ůܹ뱾˫ޣô϶ῴŮµϣһ
˵˻ѾƣŮµز֮ϣǵЦŮ±Ļ
Ҫ
ŮߵĶŮѾȵİγ˷ɽڻҲͬʱνһŭŴϡ
ǷҪѱڳ´ϣ
Ůϵ˵
˭뱾ԣǾͱֱϷˣ
ϵȵ
ڳϽԥ֮ɫֻжϰν֧Ůµ˷ȫѡ˴һӪ
Ůɫ䣬û뵽ĴϾȻΥҲӴϵ
ʧȥӥڳϵ֧֣Ů±һռӣǶԴ޿κεġ
Ů£㿴˰ɣЩϽֱ֧ϵģϸһϵĻᣬҪǲӦڱɱϣȻٽǿռУҺΣ
˺ƤһЦΪΪʵѾﵽһļޣ޾κˡ
ϣ̫޳ˣ
ŭȴǶԴϵҪЮ޿κΡ
Ůµֳԥ֮ɫʱԼӦϻڷңԼŮλҲòκαϡ
Ҳ˵һԣôŮ±㽫ʧȥһС
һԥŮȴľϣȻһУǱѪսף
ӥŮȻӥ壬κ˼֮ɱ˭ɱѱǱһͨ
Ů˷׷ХŮµһ
ŭˣû뵽Ů»Լԣǣһնϵͷ­
ϣ
Ů¸ߺһȴǸϣʱ̣Լ˱ûκλ϶Կʱ
һն£ȴϵѾʧӰ٣вɴ󾪡
ȵ˷ϵʱȴվһ
лǰ֮ǰӥŮƽң
ϼз֮
ϷֻһâһϱʧȥټʱŷʵȻɲ⡣
ѣԩ޳ҪԣʮصģҪˡ
вڳҲŭ
ŮȴǴϲû뵽ϾȻƽ£ʱɸм
вң
ʵеΪϸеʮֵıҪԼһɵȥǵԼֻ·һ
ϱʵסˣٴ̽ʵŰһ㣬ΪԷҲﵽԪӤڵΪԼͬһΪģԼӥڳֺ֧֣ξ֮С
кβң㲻Ǿ뱾һս𣿡
Ƶ˵
ǺǣȻ֪ηʲôʸһսأСͽҲһֻһ㣡ôѰ·뷨أɱ
ĻȫŽɣҲŵˡ
ԭأϱò֪λشĻ
ϣĪģڴţôôᵽӥĵأ
ѵ
϶ʱȻ㣬ŵĲΪ֮һɣЦѣҪսսǲ㣡
ϳָֽʱŮ²һѺǰСģѾﵽԪӤڵΪ
ϺٺһЦٴǣԪӤڵƺޱķɢƾֱӿȥ
ЦЦԪӤڵƶԼѹЦ죡
ϵѹĺӭ趯һͷɫҲ˿С
⣬ȻһЦ⣬ȻѾŮ¡
Ůһ׶Էսͷô˼Լ
д󾪣û뵽ԼѹȻã͵ŭһзɽѾն
ڴϵĽǰûлûܣƾϵĽնϡ
ֻһ죬ǵ޹ĳۣȻ֮С
ͬ˹ƵлǼǶԼĽ


1340 
ȥ
һѾɶȥһѾ
ȵϵγʱеķɽѾؿڡ
ڴʱͻȻָȻļס˷ɽĽ档

Ͼһȫһ̣ȴַɽȻ˿
ܣ
Ϻ֮ʱҪתɽն¶ԷָȻɽħһ㣬Ȼ޷
ȵҪɽ֮ʱȻ޷쵽ˣ˱ǰ
ɱ𣿡
ʵ
еǵľ治֪˵ʲôźãڴʱһɽļѾԷĶָ۶ϡ
ۣ
ϵһѪ̷ˣֵ
˽Ͼƾָ۶ϴϵķɽҪǿʵſɣ
үҸղûս򣬱ɣ
кµ̾
ڳϽɵˣû뵽ʵǿֵزֻ鲻ԽķһЦкá
ϵ类ɵˣоǾ֮ɫеķɽȻ֪Էΰ쵽ġ
ǰҲ¶ǰͶأǰӥһ֮ɱѵĴϣ
Ϲ˵оϲɫ
һ֮ˣûʸ˵ӥ巴ѹʲô£ɱ˭ɱ˭òָֻţ𣿡
˵ϴʧɫŵ
㵽ʲôˣӥΪ
ڹʵ
ʲôˣʲôʲôأ
ͬĲôϲ㶵˵
ӥûʲô̬ȣ֪֣ǰԸǰΪϴһ׷ϴ󣬲벻
Ŷðɣ뿪¶Ѩһɣ
Ц˵
û뵽Լһ˵ԷӦˣǣ֪ϲһеķһȺԭء
μϴ󣡡
ϲ
ؿԺҵСˣģٲĺô
ȻЦ
Сܣӥ˴ʧɫΪӥУ˺ĽֻӥΣӣ
Ůڿлǰʤмǰ֪ǰǷԸӡ
ӥڲìܣ϶ûңѵҪҵԸӥı𣿡
ɷʵ
ǰӢСŮд⣡
ŮµûԥֱӳˣԳҲı䡣
ãˬ죡ҾͰһѣ˵ɣ˴⣬ҲҪ𣿡
Цʵ
һڳд󾪣վһһɫ̵
Ů²û̻ش˺ܶ࣬ΪǣһȫֻҪԼĴòôӥ彫ǰδеΣ
ɱϣⱾӥľ޴ʧҾɱ˴ϣҲδط
ӥڳɱǱӥѣΪʧȥڳϣӥƱ޷סԼء
Ů£Ҫһʱ嶯Ůԭ£
ϿЦĵѾû˵Ĳһ
ڳҲ׷ģϾ˭Ҳڴʱ˵أ˵ʲôȴֲ˵ֻŮ½˼ɱ˴ϡ
Ů˼ǹ󣬺ٴ𾪵ľ
˵ڴĿУŮ¾ȻָͷӥϵλĻʹժ¡
ժ»ʹ֮ŮȻһЦŻڳ˵λӥ峤ϣû뵽һᱻдҪЮˣҲͷκˡԣ֪ʵãԸԸӥŮ֮λʹڴˣ֪λԸ˭Ϊӥµߣ˵
λǰɣŮ»иأ
а
ʱͻȻѾʹᣬŮ£򲻿ɷλӥҪŮµ쵼
ҪȰѾ
ŮȻ
Ů£Ը˳λǱŮµľ
ʹĽɼܶ׼˵֮һԪӤ֮Уζ
˭֪ŮȴǲǶϣ΢΢̾һҲգˣϱɵļ̳λӴԺӥӦòΪҶ
Ů£򲻿ɽλϣӵҰģӥ쵼±𡣡
ϷȰϾǱ֮⡣
ԭֵɫѾΪ֮ɫû뵽ԼֻҪһŮλ֮λԼĪ
ѵ𣿾Ҵ㣬ηڣֻ»ӥңӥɣ
Ů·ʵ㶵ԶԣԴŮµ˼
Ů£һ


1341 
˺ѷε˵Ȼ㶢ŴϣҪŮµһģҺΪҲŹ㣡
֪ˣҰȥɣ
ϵЦЦЦȴЦȫΪڲԶԼ
ϱ˫ۣĽɽУǣȴˣʹǷɽ޷븹С
ŮµɻĿУ̲סʵϣ㵽ԥԥʲôӢۣǶӥ峤ϵ
ңҡ
ϵпԣ֪ΪʲôǷɽ޷Լǰ
ͻȻתȴֶ
㿴ҸʲôҪͿĥĥģ
Ц˵
ϼ˶һ飬ȴûκпɼ󣬶ڴʱ˽ԴߴŮҲЩͷˡ
ôû
Щŭ˵
ϳ˷ɽҪһȭԼԴȭͷٳٺ䲻ȥϼƵķ
ү첻˭ɱҰɣ
ŭ
һڳ㿴ңҿ㣬˭ҲԸɱϣϾɲʣֻɱǶڳõѡ
ôأ
Ů´󾪣вɻĪǲ
Ů£ɱҰɣһ
ʹ˵Ȼ㽫ɽӵ˵ϣ۾Ů¡
ŮҧҧļɽȻ͵ĴϣȴǸ޷ϵ塣
£Ĺ£
Ůɻ
ǰǰ㣬ɱҰɣ
ʱֻܹ
Ҳɱ㣡
Ļش൱ʧ
ǰ㣬ֻſɱңĵһ
Ͽ
ңҪëˣҾͽŮɱ
仰ϱ㲻ˣǿڳϡ
ǣڳһ飬ȴ˭ҲɱϣϵķɽҲ޷ϡ
Ů£㲻λ㿴ҶˣⰡΪӥŮ¡
ϿЦ
λ޹أڣʽӥ峤֮λڡ
Ů»δ˵꣬ͻȻһԣɽĻ˻ȥ
Ҳӥ֮ˣأ齫λøϣΪǸϡĿˬλұɱ˴ϡ
ĻӥٴɵĴ˷ܵĹƵϴ˵ĺãҲ֧ӥ֮λøϡ
ŮҲ֪Լ׸ôλ˭ڴʱͻȻڵŮ£һΪӥ룬ǰǱϴˣ֧Ů½λϣŮ·ģһ֧ϡ
˵ⷬʵǵѣʱҪȡλҲᱻظɱˣʵ˵òʧ
ΪˣΪݱܷâϼ̳ӥ֮λֻҪظȥӥ֮λҲǴϵ֮
һ˼˴ϵļıڵŮ£϶ӥ֮λȤŮ½λϡ
Ůסˣʱ˿̣治֪õξϡ
аݺݵĵһۣа룺ⲻҪ赶ɱˣϷϷţǸȥϷһҪɱ㣡
Ů£϶ӥλҲûȤŮ˼λϡ
ϺεȾԲϵȦס
Ŵϵ飬ڳͬʱŮ´λϣڳϵѹŮµҲЩԥˡ
ϱ⣬̳λҲǶݵߣֻ£ȵظȥӥ彫ҡ
Ů¿Цӥڳϣȴǳٳ޷
һƵ£ڳϵļ£ŮҲֻܿ̾һȻȵڽӥ֮λ㣬ɾܾ۴
ڳϽ¶Ц⣬֪ȥֻӦŵ֪Ƿŭޱȣ޲̽һڳɱ⡣
ϼ̳ӥλͷ϶һʹڣڳ򻶺Ÿӥµ
ǰСŮһϣǰӦ
ŮͻȻݵ
ʲô˵
Ҳ²͸Ůµ˼ʵ
ǰҪǲӦСŮӱ㲻˵
Ů̧ͷһһٵ˵
㶼˵ΪҪӦ㣡㵱Һɵ𣿡
ش
ǣ㲻˵ϴӦϴӢ䣬ôܻǰӦأ㻹˵ɣ
Թɫ˵
ǰ
Ů±һ϶ʱ¶֮ɫˮۿдתһģ顣
ŮµĿʱвɰԷоȻ¶֮⣬ҪѰ̽


1342 
ȻŮнһһɽĳĨȥ

˽ԴʧɫΪŮµһʮͻȻ⣬˸
ϰͲŮȥȣȴǴҪɵ°
ŮӦԼҪ󣬶ʱ嶯׼һ֮
ǣַˣŮһȻ޷նɱԼƺйεĴɽˣƾŮηȴʼ޷ɱ
ǰ벻Ҫң֪ڸղҵķɽֹңҲ޷Զֹȥľġӥ˾أ˵ǰԭǰͻȻ֣ӥҲ˵ìܡ
ŮԴǵ˵
ǰɣʲôϵҲ֣ȻϿҲȡλҲǸʱ֪ôģҪǹңǺãҾͰ鷳
˵ͻȻ˸оһɺڿ
Ůû˵Ҳ˵Ļûг֣÷ѵĻҪѣֻʱѡ
ֻҪЩȫˣӥŲң
Цӥڳϡ
׼ս
Ͼе֪ԷҪɱӥ峤ϣΨӭսԼһĸҡ
һɱֻҪǲɱͻɱǣΪ˼棬ǱЭɱ
ϿһڳֳַɽڴʱȴѾʧڿС
ˣ
˷ֺҲΧһȺĳϣȴӵֻʣһˡ
˹ʱͻȻĳϾսӣ¶һЦȻתӡ
ɵӥ峤ϣ־ͱӣΪֱӥĳ裡
յĺǶŭ
ŮӥΣӣ
ϳֻ֪̾ҪЩˣԼҲһӥҲᴦ״̬С
Ůҡҡͷʹޱȣڿоҵĳ鴤ţϵİҲĿ
ˣȥЩץ
˵һѾʧ
ȴʧ󣬱ʧȥ˶ĸӦ
Ů£Ҫˣǰ֣ǶӲġֻȵ죬ǰһԽץġ
Ȱ
ڲӥĴѾλ㡣
Ů˵еķɽͻȻ㳯дȥһԶ˴һ
ô£ΪʲôҲˣ
ŮƵĺеķɽȴаƵģô޷֮С
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ʮϢʱ䣬ΧһӰЩӰȻӥߵڳϡ
Цųǰ⵱ŮµĿɿڴ
ţЩϿ˷Ȼ˲㽫Щȫץأ˵ʵѾ˵ΪԪӤڵĸҲһ
ȥЩһɱˣ
ͻȻЦ
ǣ
𾪣ȴҷֻӲͷƤЩǽӽ
ǰ
ڳϷģûһ˻һս֮⡣
ʲôأǶ޷ɱǣ
Ц
ϲԼЩӥ峤ϵĳ޿ǲ죬ʱ򣬻Լǰôܲϧأ
ҽϵĴֳַɽɱĽһˬ죬Ůȴľ
ˣˣӥˣ
Ͻ˵
죬Ҫڱɱ㣡ֱӥ壡
ЦжЩá
ͣ˵ȴЩҡ
ǰɱǣӥһ겻񣬼㲻ǱҲᱻܱߵֱ̲ӥҲ޲ͬ
Ů·ŭ˵
ɵŮˣһΪӥ룬ʲôã㿴ЩĳϣһЩʲôðɣɱǵĳϣһᲹ㣡ҪԪӤڵĸѡʮˣǵʵ
ŮµŮ˵
Ů½Žɣѡ˶Լҳϵʮˣʮ˱ϹϾųɶС
ɱ˵ٶ̫ˣ
ɱˣɳ˵ȻӣµĳͻȻ㷢ĲҽУűһԱ
ԭΪԼɣΪЩͬʱԱԼлܡ
ŮµҲԤеڽȴϣЩϱըγɵȻ޷
һţ̫ˡ
ϲĿЩ˲ѾһвɶʵΪ
ðɣԪӤڣԪӤڣ
˵ͬʱһӣһɰɫâ㽫ʮС
ˣףϣҾ͸ԪӤڰɣ


1343 
һֵϣʹһ󣬺ȻԼΪȻڴʱˣвɿϲѡ
ԼĪƬ̺ЩŮҲﵽŵʵһŮҲ鲻ԽЦ
лǰ໥ӥǰĴû
Ů
һڵ˺ôӥ֮Ҳͬʱ񣬶ĸм޷Ա
ˣɣһô£ܸûԹ˰ɣӥʵɱ߶ӥΣˣ
Ц˵ʱһε㽫
Ͱ͵û뵽Ľ˵ΪԪӤڣԼô꣬ŸոմﵽԪӤڣˣкæԼʵ
ǰҾˣ׼һ׷ǰǰܣ
Ů¹˵˵ǰ
Ŷԭ˼Ҵźһ͹鷳ˡҲʱпܽˡҪǸңҽ𣿡
Цžܾ
£ֻҪǰСŮӣСŮԸһ̺ǰ
Ů¼˵
ôвһ˫𣿡
ʳ⻰б㰵Լ׳ա
£ܹǰ˫ޣСŮӵĸԵСŮ֮ã
Ů˷ܵ˵Ҳ˶ǵͨ졣
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а̾Լ٩Ů£ȴû뵽ԷȻԸ⣬һ֮á
ߣʵΪʵǿ˫ޣԴٶȣŮ²һڴӦҲ˶ЦŮ¡
ǸҿЦģǧ棡
һᣬԳЦ
У˼ѾˣˣҲˣҾҪ׷㣬ҪǲӦҾͲˡ
Ů֪ѷĺûᣬбԸˣԼѾλóԷѾʵҲӵһȫµĳϣӥ岢Σѵʱ̣Ů±ѾʼΪԼ㡣
Ҫ˵Ҳ鷳·ҰʵΣ
һʱ֮벻İ취Ů£ֻʵա
ŮȴģΪһҪ׷Ըȥ
ϴ󣬲磬ӦɣŮѰ׷ңҾҲӦġ
ЦȰ

һȭźȥʮɵľ룬ȴҽһֱӱǧ֮ң
̫鷳ˣһǶȥ
˵һѾʧȥټ
Ҫ
Ůͬʱҽе
˸֪ȥ˺δʱ
үôôɵҹʲô£㣬Ҫ㣬ϴ𣿡
յָŮ˵
ߣҪ˵ֻҲȥ
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һ£ӥʮֵΧס
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һᣬ˵
ҲĴӳ嶯侲һ뵽ԼʧȥǧѷĻᣬбŭɽߡ
޷׷ϴ󣬱Żʲô˼ɣɱ˱ɣ
嶯ʮֵĿ£ıӥҲЩз
ϣӥ㽻ˣԼʹԺ㿴ˣ
Ů³̾һҲǺշ
ȻҲˣǱͬھɣ
ŮͻȻЦƺ֪ʹ÷ɽɱԼξȻԪӤ˳
ҪԪӤԱ
ͻȻЩȵʵ
ǵģԪӤԱ𣿲磬һԱ
Ů¶ź˵룬Լܹͬھӥһǿĵˡ
Ǳɣ뱾ͬھˣӥһ˰ɣĵ
ɫ˵ʱŷԼĴ᧿ΣһжԼɵġ
ðɣȻûӣұһ
Ů¾˵ԪӤͻȻðһɫĹʡ
Ҫ
ϴʱҪȴҲ
ӥڳʱ˷ȻһŮµԪӤΧס
Ů£ˣҵȱһ
ڳͬ˵
ŮҲû뵽Щ˻ģӥδϣѰôҾҲԹȵġ
ڳϣ˺󣡡
ʱɲñٴηӥ嵱㳹군ˡ
ڳֻһ᲻õĳȴ
λҪңΪӥߣһλ˶ϻԶӥأҾ㲻˶ϣڵΪ뿪ӥغܵõʲô³أԣ˶һõĽѡ


1344 
Ů½͵
ϻȻ뵽ŮΪλɱľٶԭѵԼˣϾԼδһΪӥߡ
Ůµݣ뿪ֻ֮»Ϊʸ֮ģǽζű٣õĻѰɽпܳΪߵ¯ɱ
˼һ󣬲ֻʣ¿Ц
ҶÿҵӦŮµѡ񡣡
Ȼ˵βסĵıˡ
ڳϽԶԶ˿һյŮ£ɵƵģȻ̺ˡ
ŮһЦȻ׼ԪӤԱȴϾڴʱһֵĻͻȻŮµԪӤΧС
ΪʲôԱأ
Ů
αѰ·أǺο࣡
ͻȻŮµߣ⵹ŮŮϲ֮ɫ
Ůڣȴ˵вңȻҪ׷ңǾͱˡ

Ů¾
ϴأҲҪ׷ϴϴ󲻴ӦҲԱ
˵ͬħһ㡣
ðɣӣǶһң
Ц˵
˾ϲӵĵлӥڳҲϲ
ӥĳǣǿԹˣǱҷ˸٣ɱ⣡
˵
ǰúչ¸ǣ
ϴڳϹ˵Ȼʧʡ
ֻʣ˺ųԵҲˣ
˳ǰȥһ·ϣû˵һ仰øĶҲнޱȡ
ҹŽһ֮ϣ¶Ů¶ǵ档
Ѿ۵ĴĶˣвɰԼ£ʵ΢ĸߣԼκΰǶ˶鷳
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ϴҵֽ
Ůһؿڣش
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ĶŮӵϻ΢ѷɫ⣬ٵʮ־¶
ϴҪǲ㣬ӥأֻ»Σգ˵ص߶Ǵɫǣҿɲ뱻Щ˰ռ
Ů΢΢һЦӡ
ѵˣͲҿɲʲôأ
˵䣬ѾһֻŮӵ°ͣʱ򣬺ЦһԶ˳ǧ֮Զ
Ҿǲ㣡լʺ񣬲ǻˣû㣬ӥصңҸл㻹أôẦأ
Ů΢΢ͷֱ׳˵
ѵ㲻۸Ҫ֪ǸأģǶģ
аȵЦţһֻŮӵḧ
Ůеľֻһ˲䣬ñ㷴ϴҪ֪ǸӢأĺ֪жŮأ
ôأҲ󣿡
ʵ
Ůԥ˲䣬Ȼᶨ˵ǣҶϴͼԣҲϴ۸
а̷ſ֣ԶŮʮɣиû뵽Ůӵ뷨Լ֮⡣
ҳ̫ˣݻҲû취
а룬һĿģκġ
Ƭʵ̫ˣǱ˾סƬɭ֣Ҳѷɫ
˴ĵϣҪѰʥµķͺڴ룬Ȼء
ڵ¼̳ʱѾӦⷨڣ浽ռû뵽ʶܵƣֻҪʱɽռȫ̽һ顣
ڣֻڷеĹн̽飬ƵΪ̽յƣһй죬ܶط̽顣
⴦ط֮ǰڵнٶȣֻҪſѰ
ϴ£
ŮͻȻʵ
ʲô£ѵµĳ
ɫʵȴЩȣΪԼ鲢ûɫôԼأѵϹɵģ
ǲΪѰһգ
Ůɫʵ
Ǻǣ˵Ѱʲôأ
ЦʵޱȣȴЩˡ
Ҳֻ֪ǸоѰһû´Ӧһǿķ
Ůһ˵Ѿǿҵɱ⡣
ε֪ģ
Цʵʱ׼ɱŮ
ɱң
ŮӲʣɫ翴˼Ϊ֮һ㶡
ΪʲôҪɱ㣬һɱɣ
Цʵ
㲻ϲƿأԣҲµ뷨ɱ֮ģ֪ǲϵģýˡ
Ů΢΢Ц
Ҫɱ㣬ڵȵڣ㣬βµһģ
ƽʵ


1345 
ŮصһЦȻ۾
Ū飡
˵
ҾǹŪ飬ҿ԰ҵ
ŮĺȻ˫ۣҧŴ϶˵
ƾʲôҵȻ֪ѰҷΪβԼȥѰң
ŲôŶԷʵ
˵ҲǻԵɺϣһ죬һɽʱһܹϵĹĹһ󣬾ȻĻһ飬һŵͼⱾԤ֮ǣұ㽫Ҫʱ뾫Ͷ뵽ⱾУԣҵʵͣԪӤڵΪǴϵʣҪңǲܵ顣
ŮϴصĵЦ⡣
Ԥ飬ǵͼʲôѵǲرͼ
ʵ
ûǲرͼرͼ̫ԶҲͼȥӥ峤ϵѰΣδζδ߳رѾ޷ǰֺΪˣӥһ˰ϡǲرͼϵҪȥķҪʮԵִĵطˣҲòѰ
ŮŽ˻УƺЩȥĳϣδЩˡ
Խرͼһ𣿡
˳ĬҲЩ˷ܣӵвرͼƱػѰ
رͼѾ٣
ŮӵĻʮʧ
ԤرͼŮ˸ԵĪԵôƫƫǡõ֪رͼ
аš
赣Ĳرͼ٣ΪбвرͼһС
ŮЦ˵
ҲЦˣЦаȴǴ˽սУһ˲䣬ŮӵԪӤ
ŮƺʲôûоЦˣǿʵһȥѰұأ
ʲôԤҲˣ㶼Ԥⲻ
аЦȴǵͷãǾͶлȥѰˡ
ϴˣ
ŮӲ֪ԼղŹһˣȻЦʮ
Ů˵һϵ֪ĵƵģֻ֪ԼҪȥܶطܵõ
ϴҪǰУԽߵԽǿֻҪأЩֱɽɱҲֻϴˡ
Ůָǰ˵
˵ϣмĿʱԽϣѹ֮Խǿ±ϣԽϣߵԽʵҲԽǿ
Ϊ˻˭֪ȴվԭ˵ǣĵ˻ȥ
ã㽫ͼϵбλøңǼ̱ǰѰ
Ȼ˵ںһĺ
Ѱ̫ˣˣû뵽Ըô졣
ϲ˵
ŮƳ˺һۣȻ߶ҪȥʮأЩرһһɻ£ӶҪɳۿ
㺦ˣڿԸһ˳Ļᡣ
Цʵ
ȷʵǺˣΪЩõһҲǴ˵еǿ߾۾ӵأδм˭ҲζЩط֮ء
ϴȷʵˣǣǲġΣգҲһӥĵ¶Ѩл꣬δȥԲ֮⣬ѵлỷ磬ƴһҲҪȥ
Ͽҵ˵һߺһȴҪȥðա
ȻмֵʶЩطΣķ֮ءûЩطҲֻиϴˣڻȷϴΪҲϴҲ޷Щͨ
Ů˵ƺҲΪг̵ǡ
Ƕ˷ģֻҪǶǲ⣡ĪҪ̫Сҵʵˡ
΢΢һЦЦء
˽ҪǰĵطҪƬأƬرӥصʵҪǿϲ١
ں˵ļƻУҪͨƬأҪһϵʱ䣬ֻչ˲ƺȴֻʱ˱Ѿִ˺¹ȡ
ͣסʱĿɿڴòŷѾִ˺¹ȡ
ǰһ޴ʯ顮¹ȡɫ֣ǵִ¹ȵ֤
˵θոսʱͻȻȣʲôˣȻôţأ
ɫӵͻȻֳһָȵ
ţı߽磬ϴţ峤ΪѾԪӤڣҪСģ
Сѵ
޷Ǽǰùǣ
ͷûأֱǰȥ
̿첽ϣȴЩǣΨţǿ׷
Ȼͣ£
Ǹŭܿ죬Ӱٳ׷
ǰʲôˣֹǺ¹ȵĵ̣κ˲ý롣
˵ǰҲһʿģߡ
ͣ£Ѿ¹ȵĵ̣׷ɱ¹Իѵǡ


1346 
ղǸţͻȻٺЦ߶ҲͬʱЦ
ɣ˽ĵطں¹ţĽ紦ζҪ˫׷ɱ
泤ϣô¹ȣ
Ǹʿһᣬһŭ˭ҴҺ¹ȣɣ
֮һȫ۵Ѿ˵ǰ
λӦñǺ¹ر߽ĵʮϣû뵽¹ȵʮϱѾﵽԪӤڵΪ¹ûñȰ
С˵ҪԷʵ
̾ˣЩ¸ǱңһԪӤڵĸֶûУڶټԣұȲң
Ц
ǲ´ˣǸԪӤڵߣ
Ц˵öٴľ¹ȵʵ
ô¹ȣ
㶵Ķˣֻ˼ۣЦӥŮݹ٣ӥߺȻҲˣ˼֪λΪ£
¿Ǻ¹Ѯϣ
ֵ
Ϸ򣬲֪ŮǲǻòͷˣȻҴҺ¹ȣ
޼ɵ˵
˵ӥŮţҲЩ಻סˣһ˵ŮţҪˣҪᡣ
߻δţֻĶʵ֪С˭ŮΪβһأ
ͱԷĻŭˣһŽܵҵϴ󣡡
ϴ㿪ʲôЦѵһȣ
߿Ц
ţ˱۳ˣʱͬʱǰеҲ׷׼ƺʱ׼һս
ţСǣǵĵ̣򣬱Ϸ򲻿ˣζҪɱǹǺ
Ц΢һ̸֣ˣһһ֣ţ˱ͬ˹Ƶģ׷׺ˡ
ʮû뵽ϽѲȴӥŮø־椣ʮȥˣ
ǰͦ󣬾Ȼֱָߡ
֮
۳û뵽Ҳˣжʱǳˬȴֲ˿ı֡
ӥŮԼͶҪϷȥץ㣿
ߵ۾аĹʣһ˫۾´
λǵͨһ
΢ЦĹ˵ʡ
Ƕλȴһ󷢳Ц
Ǻ¹ֲӥ壬ô֮˵ں¹ȣʮϰѳ֣ϱǵ졣֪ҲԴ¹ȣǲ֪
߱ĵ˵һҲ
ҪԷȴֹλ֪¹ȴںδλɷͨһʮҪ飡
ǲЩɵȻ¹
߹Ц
ȥץסӥŮ椹Ȼò绨ҪڲץὫˣֻ»ᱻץȥ¯
ϺٺЦ˫Ѿ벻
¶һЦƺԤϵĽε
ȴһŭȵ¹ȵĶ׳գǲǻòͷˣȻҵﱾϴ󣡡
֮󣬺¹ȶ˲û뵽Ȼš

һߵȵ޲ɱ
ϽĽǵĴϹϴˣǾˣ
Циоδˬ
һӥŮú˼׵һҲֻķݶ
񣬱ӥŮҪǿĺ¹ȶˣȴûںУȻΪŵԵʡ
΢΢һЦոСܣǲԼѴˡ
弸˲ɷһЦȻ˳˺Զȴ²Ŀ֡
¹˵ķζҪըˣΪӥĵҲЩǵ˺¹ȣ˸û
£ΪһļһﾹȻţڳ֮ԣú¹ȼܵˡ
ϣԺ󣬱ڱ˺˵ͣ
ʮҧ˵
ãץԪӤҪԪӤһǧ꣬ãܵĸо
Ϻ˵׹¶ôССĺԽ絽š
λСѽ˺үүͰүү˺
ƺĳŵĿУȻָǶϿЦ
ಣ
ʮһ㵽˰֮ڣȻԸɽҲûʹһָɣϵҪ㵽ûŵʱ
ûУǣϴУ
ٺЦȻ󹧾Ķ˵ϴһѰ·ˡ
ģ֪ôˣ
Ц˵ʱѾ˵һЦ⡣
ǺϴСôڵΪѵʲôʵɣϵҪʶʵ


1347 
ʮע⵽ģʵԽɸ֡
Ҫս𣿺ðɣҿԽսʲôԣѸٵĽɣһֻ֣бɱķݣ
ĻŵһͿȺĻй֮޲֮
ϴ
Цаˬ
ҸΪ̫ǰѰ·
ҲЦ˵
ˣһǷˣ
¹ȵĶָ˵ôҲŶ˻ôš
ÿСӣϵʵҪǵɣʲôԣǸϿ˵ɣñһȭɱˡ
ʮ߳ŭ
¹ȵʮϣ㱻ӱˣ
ţһ˳û٩¹ȵʮϣ߶ҲЦ
ЦЦĺˬ֪Ķ
˵ͬʱһѾʧڿС
Сģ
ţͬʱѵɽûüγͻȻû
ֻһ˵ؿڱѾƶǣԪӤҲ˲䱻ɱ
Ȼǰƣֶƺûж
үҪǿʵſѵʵԶԶԪӤڣ
ɶʵΪ塣
ţıǸҳЦϴȡ¹ȵıǣ𣿡
һţˣɳź¹ȵĳƵ
˲ɱţ˺ʮ鲻Խĺɣ˫۶ɳۿ
ղŵţˣʵٲҲﵽԪӤڣû뵽ȴǱ˲ɱһ֣ʮҲ
ʮĪСģһﲻöԸ
ȻѵҲʵ
𣿺ðɣ㲻ԣǾͰȥɣ
һʮѾһԷɽס
һ˲䣬ֻصԭأʮȴǲһ޴ѪѪᴩʮϵĸֱӽԪӤɱ
ҵԣ
ʮϽ˵ĸ֣ȻһأǺ¹ʣĳϽĿɿڴǰһĻ
ϱά򾲣ʵη֮УϾԷɵɱԪӤڵߣΪӦԶԼ֮ϡ
ôѸңҲˡ
΢Ц˵ľ׺ЦȴǶд󾪡
ǰԺϣ
ľ
ȥٻأ򣬺¹Ƚڡ
Ц˵Ȼ㲻Ƕϡ
ǰȸˣǿдǰһ㵡ǾͲˣ
Ϲ˵ʧԭء
ǰ룡
һ¹սսص˵
ߣ
һ£˱㳯¹ȵı߽ȥһᣬţı߽Ѿʮߡ
Щһڱ߽磬ŵǰӰ
¹ȵĶҲڳǰţǵһֻƵź¹ȷţ鼸ĵһǮֵ
ϴʵ̫ǿˣݣϴ죬о̫ˡ
ƨе̵ģΪĳǿʵоԼʱ̡
Ե͵Ķ࣬Ҳڲ²ʵϾ¹ֻһʼδԵ߻ǿҲұ֤Լܹ˼طĿǰǲ̫ϣ
ˣ죡ҲһطϴС
а
¹ȵߵޱȣȻǽʵĻϣղűֳǿʵҲԺ¹ߵȺΧ֮
ں¹ȵı߽һйУһ֮ͤڣ·£֮вǺ¹ȵϳ
֮ͤУʮŮݸ裬һƴȫݣֻΪһЦ
ʱ֮ʮӰɽ֮гϷжòƬ̣ʮӰѾǰԶ
˭ô¹ȣѵҺ¹û𣿡
һӢӸԶɢǿƣǰȻаЦ
ߣϵһѺȻ˴ϣԴϵĳ嶯ӣԾԷۡ
˭ҪҪ㣡˵ӵвرͼǲǣ
żɽ˵
ಣ
һ˽˵İ⣬ǴĿ¶⣬еЩɻǲǷˣԶֻҪرͼ
ԣϸ֪ʲôرͼҴˣ
˵ߵĶ⣬˷׷ŭƺ಻סҪ֣
˵ڲأ
ʵ
ʷأ¹ȱйڲرͼһ֣Բ
ʮֿ϶˵


1348 
ӥļŮˣԭ㽫¹ѰģˣȥŮȻܵѰ·
ŵĺȵ
¶ίı⵹ϾڿǸԼģԼ죡
¹ȵĴϣǸ׳հⲻѰ·׳գԶˣ
ָŴƿڴһΪһȻǺٻŵ񫡣
ú¹ȵĴӲǱĿɿڴû뵽˵Լ˵һֻǸԪӤڵߡ
̫ûôŵˣϣǺصģ𣿡
ϲмźһЦȻڱӺʵ
׳գţҺΣѽҧѽ
ĵڱˣϣָǺ¹ȵĴơ
쵰
¹˼ͬʱȵֻжѡ˱ֳĬû뵽ϻ᲻Լ֮ԡ
֪пɽ㻹ʸñ϶֣£װˣҪرͼȴܱ˵ˣǸС椣ҪˣͽӤãܣ
¹ȴϿЦƵƺԶú¹ȶд󼱣ȴ޿κΣֻϻСģԷΪɲ⣡
ϣҪʿԼ磡ڵΪɱԪӤڵҪǿ̫ˡ
¹ȴϺǳ̽ΪĸǴǡ
㻹ǹԹԵΪãһڵġ
ʮƽ˵ݵȻǴҲаͻȻԷǲԪӤڵΪ
Ŵ𣿡
ŭˣ͵һͻȻΪһͷӵͷ۵ޡ
ͷޱ壡ϴҪСˣͷ޵ıķʮǿ󣬿ɷͬĽ
Сѵ
ߣϵʵܶԸģ
ЦһͻȻһΪֶͷ͵ޣÿһͷǿʵӿΧĺ峤Ϸ׷ǧ֮⡣
˵еĳڣǿΪ
鲻ԽĲΪԷ̫ǿˣԼȫھ֮С
ĴҲùΪΪԷľ޴࣬ʱоһεѹȸУԼƺѾԷʱڱɱС
ۣȻû뵽㾹ȻѾﵽ˴˵еĳϳڡ
Բ˵ƺҲ޷ܶԷѹ
ǰɣϴȻǶ֣
ͬʱֵ뵽вΪĻȫ
֪ڻҲҼţ
ϿЦһΨҶơ
ĲǺɱ㣬ΪҪأˣһѵӦ֪ʶʱΪܣ
Ļһת߶ŵĲŷ
ûʵͲҪɣбȴܱϣ
ĺȵ
ðɣУ
Ȼϣֻ֣ʳָĴָգȻǴϵķһһ㳯ŶԷϮȥ
ϢģٶҲ죬ֻһһֻĳǾץȥ

һҽк󣬴ϵֻ־ȻѾ⾢ڻֺ֮󣬾Ȼ֮
ϵķ̸һ̵âϵҲڴʱ
һ˶Ŵͣû뵽ǿľȻɴ͸˴âҲû赲ķ
Ҫ
ϵķɾȻʹŸµѪۡ
ǵϷں󣬾ȻͻȻ٣ϵ崩͸ʮѪ⺧˵ĳôҲɪɪ
ͣ
ϵı徹Ȼ͵һѪ֪ԷΪɲ⣬ԼĶ֡
¡
ǿķȻȻ£ֱӵ£ϱɫҲҰһƬŷ𣬱ΪҲڷ½
赭дһѾϵΪԭΣղŻǳڵΪڱظԪӤڵΪһв˲䷢ġ
ִ̫ˣϷģͲ˱ҵľˣ
а̾
ôô
ʶңͬƵ
Űϴһָͷɱ㣡㻹Ͷɣ
˷ܵЦʱָоһݵˬС
ϣղŶҳԲѷڸ֪˰ɣ
Ҳɿ˵ʵȻԵָɱ˵еĳڸ֡
ǰС飬鰡
ϱŵĻɢﻹ˿ս⣬Ȼ˫ϥأġ
ǰ
¹ҲͬʱģȻƽˮ


1349 
ϻ˵رͼ
ֱʵɱ˿ɲĿģõҪġ
ǰûвرͼ
Ͽɥ˵岻סĲΨֱɱ˱塣
˵ѣֻ·һˣ
˵ȴɻˣΪԷԼѡ
ǰ¾ûҲѣǰ죬ûвرͼ
ϼҪ޳
תͷȴգ۾˵ϴҿûмǴӦʮطйڱصҲǲرͼǱʲôͼϼأ뼯ռʮƬſԻķ
ϣҸһӣһڣ벻κιƬô¹ȵ߽ȫɱģλıãܵģ
˵ⷬ󣬾ȻʼĿһѹֵս¹ڳ֡
ӹµ£ͣĿź¹ȵĳϣʼ˼㵹ʱ
΢Цʱ۲º¹˵ı飬оȻִδйо
ղŵһ󲻹ֻǿź¹˶ѣΪﵽľ磬ɱ¾֮ĵ½ΪɱЩΪͼߣԼû̫ĺôȫԶԪӤϣҲں΢С
Ҫǵʱ䣬Щ˻û˵ȻǱҪüϿˡ
аţԼĪʮӺ󣬴ڿڵǰˣһഫǰ˵ķйء
Ŷ
ӦһȻ㶢Ŵϵ˫ۡ
֪Ķ֣ʱָ֮壬ӴȡǼഫ
ȴҲʮ֣֮ȻǿƴСĽͨɫ
һһУǷ㵽УⷨƲȴأƴһ龹Ȼǧ֮ء
ʱоһϤϢⷨȻǸ֮
ΪûⷨѪ
ƽʵ
ǰԹѪƬԸ¹ʷϣû˿ⷨѪǰ
ϲΡΡ˵Ҳ֪ⷨǲҪѰ֮ǣԼֻ·һˡ
㿴һ£Ƿ˵ķ
ʵ
Ĵ۾ãŵͷǵģǲرͼӦֻһƬƬʮ飬ֻȫſԵõķ
ܺãһõĿ˱ǳɹһ룡
еƬͻȻⷨϢȻϤвһָ⽦һνɫѪ
˴󾪣û뵽ѪǽɫǽɫѪƬʱƬ类ˣȻҫ۵İâ
ˣ
𾪵˵
ǷƬͻȻʧУҲЦ⣬ԺȴѾֳһĻĻȫµͼͼǷĻ˵
ȻҶˣ
аϲʱͻȻָΪĸӦķƤȻƺںԼ
õһƬҵĸӦǿˣҪҵʣµƬʲô̫Ѷȡ
΢΢һЦź¹˱ȭλˣڱȥ
ǰңң
¹˾ϲӣͲ뿪
ߣ
һȣʱѾһȫµء
ô㵽ˣ򰡣
𾪵˵ͻȻִ˵صҲ֮ǰĵطࡣ
ϴ󣬸̫ˣҿǴδ
˵
ʲôãһ죬һˣ˶ĸ֣ˡ
Цŵ٩
ɣˣ޺ܱǰزصҪʶˡ
ȻøҪ⵹Щ޷ˡ
أʱẦЩֵı𣿡
ȻЦʵ
£ΪҪңҾͲˣȻû־Ҳûа취飡
ĻشɿЦѾͷƺԼˣΪôһֱԼϾԼǼˡ
뷨ôãһᷢԼ뷨Ǵġ
˵ǰĵƾȻɽȣǰһһɽȣ಻
ֱȡ
˵֣ܿ㽵һ֮⡣
˽ΧȻ߷֡
ȥ߻Ƭ⹬֮С

ã
ϲȻ˫ֲǰĹ͵ķһ
Χע⵽֮ȴ󺰵˭ƬߣϴˣӭӣҪǳˣϴһˡ
˭ڴ˴


1350 
ĺһʿٵĸЩ˻Ϊ˷ˣȻ
ǵһ㣬Ƕ
һǰʿǰͺȵ
Щʿ̽ʵʿҲóȻж
һ֮һİСߣһ֣ʿ㹪񣬿ں
һعļһҵʵǿԱҲ̫ˣ
̽鲻ԷΪ֪ԷȻԪӤڵΪڵжǿҲ֪
ȺηʿȻڹ֮ǰѵΪǶȱԽĵط𣿡
ЦǰһǱ¶Ц⡣
ϷڣȥǵгϷ
װͰ͵˵ȴԷһ޼ɵĿЦʿҲſЦ
ЦúŭʱȴָֻȥѵЩˡ
ĽϬˣɣ
˵仰΢Цǰߣ㣬ȥǵг˵ǰݷã
һ㶣ֻһɺӿļ䣬ӭ϶Էʱĵѡ
ǿߣãϷĶ֡
аȻȭǰԺͨ
ϴ磡
ڨڨЦǲʲô֮
ұ̻
˵䣬΢һţʱһӴӿ£Ȼһ¡濪ʼҵҡ
ֻӦһ֣ǰǹҲܵɴӰ죬ĸߴΧǽͻȻ㿪ʼҡŵĽ
ãΧǽнƱԷҲһγƣʵֻдſԶԸˡ
־̸ּгϷϢ
֮ƽͣ󣬹Ŵʮ֮࣬Щ˸Ż°ӵŶˣһһŮǵӢŮĶˡ
罺һϽŭɫ˫۾Ѱʲôܿ㷢ǰСߡ
˳˹ɿзж㵽ǰʮҲδнơ
㷢ĺɫϢҪǸҿ飬ˡ
ӢŻŮӣĺȵ
ߣɻ˱˫޵ĺ£㵹ǸһĽͣǽ޷ñ⣬ôʩչ̣Ӿ
ŮӵĻΪŵǰС߲ӣƣƺ۲ѡ
λĳˣղֻڵһűѾǿҵֻ¶λ볤ǻ֣𹬵
С߹ؽ͵ڵϣһҶ
ŶλӢӣ˾ͱӳģ
Ů˳Ÿղߵָʱ
ߣǸŮҲҲˣ
ӢһŮӵ֫аҲ
ĶԷὫԼôֻаЦΪһԵϴɾԲӲ
Ǳȷ˫𣿡
ʵ
Ӣֻ˺һۣѾƿĿ⣬ǲмĿúдŭ
ŮȴǶźһȻЦĻ֦չȷ˫֮һСӣôҲ뱻𣿿ϧֻܸ¯¯ӣһԵģһ꣬㣡
ˣûȤ¯Ҳϣ
̷༥ϴţȻҲ˫
СӣӿɲСȻñˢǻòͷˣǼִΣ
ŮƺһҲЦʮ֮졣
ϻʲôֱ
ӢЦһֻȴѾ̽Ůӵ֮С
˽ԱͷȥŮȴĺ˳ں˴֮ͥ¡
վҵͷ֮ϣǻǽɣ
ͻȻ˵ӦŷƬ֮
ΰɣ
ȷ˫ͬʱָЦΪ߿գԸӵĿ
˫ͬʱЦ֮ĳҲ͵ЦЩЦȴδӰľ
ٹ
ˮһȣȴ紫˵С
ã
˫ͬʱֻһ޷ƵĴ棬Ӵǰ˫ҲûĻᡣ
˸Ǿ֣ƺƵһȺͬһʱ䳯ŵҵײȥ
¡
ʮͬʱǱײ棬ǼӲʯͷɵġ
ŴͣȻûзκεһαǿʵ𾪡
ĶѨǹԿܵĴײĶѨ


1351 
һʱ䣬ˣȷʮѾҽ˵֮¡
ԶЩĿɿڴһͬʯһ㣬ֻΪһĻ̫죬ҿԳ֮Ϊޱȡ
˫ĪҪװٹ
һЦӰӶѨзɳȻڵһʮȦ
˫ͬʱǱ־ö˼ΪڶԷĳǿʵ£˸û˿ĵֿ
ǰ
ǲˣͬʱأʾ֮ɫ
һᣬǶѨеʮҲȫѨһҲ̹ڵء
ԶĹҲŹ򵹣ⷬúͻȻ
Ƕˣڸϴ˰ɣ
ȵȻ嶯ǰȥ׼ȷ˫һһš
ǺȫţȴҲ޷ȷʵ˺ǣȴװҽУźġ
н飬ȴǸһ֣ǿɵɱ
ԽˣȻһһ˫ͷץסȻ
һڳǴҿһĿŶλ߱裬ҲûкֹΪϾ˻Ҫĥ
ǰ
˫ϵķƾԷղŵǶ֣϶ֻ·һ
֪ˣʲôã
ͬĽӢһߣȻһ߷Ůӣ˫û͡
ǣҳƬģڣˡ
˺ȨԼȴеı˫֣Ѿǿʵȵ˵
ǵ߳ǿһҲµǸŮʱ㱻һ衣
ǿʵǰֻв˲ŻƴֵȻ˫֮ˣˣںѶ£ʵʵĲ춯ò˶ãһ鷨Ƭ㵽С
̵Ѫ÷һֻǶ˫ЦһһѾʧԭء
ϴȻûдߣ
д󾪣˫ѾԹԼ
ϴ󣬾
ĺǰͻȻһڣ屻һǿС
ȥ˫Ȼ£㶵˵һ仰
˫ΨظֻȻͬʱȥλ׼չ
һ·ŷƬڵǰУΪǿĸӦѰҷƬ࣬ò˶ãѾռƬƬ
ʱҪǰһƬأؼƬǿʵ
ڰ֮ȣԺˣһңԶĴ˵˵˵رǿĵط
˽һɽͷʱ˵ص֮úϲѡ
ط˾ȻͬʱˣԴﵽԪӤڵΪ
ڰ֮ȣߵǿúֻ
˸ոճʱһ˲ƶɭɭģˣٺЦϷӸոնˣʳүĴϷ򲻱
̽鲻˵Ϊȴǻ翴ˡ
ףڰ֮ʲôʱڵˣְԪӤڵҲӦȫڶѨôһ¼ԪӤڵأ
˶Ȼȫûн˷
ϴҪǣ磬֮֮Ҳųˣ
Ц˵
һֻ󡣬ҲȤҪԱԼȥץûȤġ
һ۱㿴ߵı壬ɺǺЦ
ϴ󣬸Ǻöǰ⣬ξǳԸˡ
ҲЦ
ԪӤڵһڵҪϷϷûɣ
ǸЩκ˵ϵı仯ıŪĪ
û˵Ǹˮģȥõ֤ȻԸȤ֮¡
һӥߣһߣϲԸҲ֮СֻֻɱǵΪҪǿܶࡣ
΢ЦţΪڰ֮Ѿϵһվһȡ߿鷨ƬԼ۷򣬷ѰҷƬˡ
ǸղŻڵļһʱЩɹֻĬĬĹ۲ˣǵƾ̽飬˵Ϊʵ̫ͣ£˻ڳԣЩɡ
ʱ¶ϲɫԭµѾȫָˣʦʦ򻹴ڻָ֮УϾܵķƲ׻ָ
ļһȻҿڳԳϷϷȳǣ
̲סˣ׼֮ʱȴȵ
ʱ΢΢ſڣһξȻзɳηɶݶ󣬶ʱ˵
ĸлָ˼ƣʹǳ֮İ£µѾȬ
۾ֱˣ㶵зɳŮŮһ֣һӥŮķҲȫڸȥ


1352 
ǸΪ𾪣ǰŮӵòʺоȻв

ЦʵʱвȻ֮ɫ
ǵ¼̳һܿռ䣬ҽΪѰҷ
ҲЦŽ͵
ø־С椣СҪǳ븹У̫˷ˣ¸£Ҫѹ£֪жôأС椣ϷҪˡ
ǸߵͻȻ˫ֱֱĶŹ£ȫµòԵߵ
֪µʵ򣬾ǽһӣҲ˵
ϺΪƾһʵҲڱǰ˿˵ǻòͷ˰ɣ
һߵһ飬ô֪˳ϺڵΪ
Ϻڣںԣһ˵еΪԹ¶ԣΪԺԲơ
Ǹ̽鹫µΪȴҲΪвɸɻˡ
㣬ô֪ϷΪ
߾ʵ
ȴǲʲôˣɱ
Ҳʶɱɱ£ˣҪԸ⣬ԣɱ塣
ɵЦ
һȺӣϷǰɣɣС椣ϷУҲϷĶ֡
ŭ˵Ȼһ˲䣬ȴѾʧڿС
ԭûΪо˹ǿɱ⣬иûսʤԷġ
ӣ
һһץ㸴ֳڿС
ǰ
ôҲû뵽Լ˲УԷԵָץסԼ

͵һָԷһӴĽն˶Էͷ­
ߵԪ֮˲֮дڳȴһ硣
ΪĸնԷԪ֮壬ߵԶ֮ҽûü㱻ɽնΪƬ
ΪͼļһôѣҪҪҰ㽫ɱˣ
˵ʱ۾ȴǶΪڹµǿùȥ
ǰҪǰ£
ʶ˹µֶΣʱ˵ΨֱԷֱɱˡ
еĿԻŮı
µͻȻһ̸оϢ˵ٽ
ˣˣȥԸɣ
νЦȻһѻǾ޴ĸڻѸٿ졣
ǺǣҿЦģλ˼
ͻȻЦɣҲܵǸ׷׿ڳơҡ
Сӣ˵ͬ࣡ǣþҵУҪڴˣҲɱ㡣
¶˵ΪˣܵĲϲ
˵ԼͬʱвɴϲҪͬǰԼԾǼаһĺ¡
һͬ⿾⣬ȻԵĽζһĬȻ˳Ը顣
ֻԵĳ˼ڣȻʹڣƺҲʶʲôҲֹͣ˳Ը⡣
Щɻ󣬼˽ֹͣɼˣ仯壬һڽǾ޴ĸ븹С
Ȼһ壡
Ҳ˱仯ͬں󱲣Ѿûǰɱ⡣
ʱнޱȣϾǿʱɱԼǸߣʮ졣
һ£λʦãи㡣
ЦŽܵ
μǰ
ͬʱ˵
λӥصŮͬҲӥĵ¶Ѩ
ֶܵŶЦЦûκμӡ
Ǻڰ֮ȣҪҵƬڵĵطѾӦ˷Ĵڣ⣬Ӧñǰĵɽ֮С
ңָǰ˵
Ƭʲô˼
ɻʵ
ĽƬһ󣬹²ô¡
ߣȥȡ߿鷨Ƭ
˵䣬ѾʧڿС
ȵٴγʱѾһ֮С

һֵĽΧļͬƵģһȻŵ̱ڵء
˳ԾǣΧؽʬ壬ɽԵĴ򶷺ۼʣµûˣЩˣҲ
ô£ôˣ
ʵ
ȴûκ˻ش֮ЩŵĻɢͻȻվֱ塣
£ֻǼ󴳺ڰ֮ȵĵͼߣ
һ˱ĵ˵
ɱǣ
һ޺޵˵ļ˷ɽˡ
ɱǶеģŮ£

ƬɽȣŨŨѪζʣµĻ˲ʮˣʮҲƺɵˣʱ̽鷢˵ʵһ󣬷¶׶顣


1353 
ЩһĵӿɲСѵΪɴ𣿡
ЦΧˡ
ƺһƬѾ˶ߣ
ЦѾӦƬԶ˵ء
ĪǱ϶ˣ
Ƶʵ
ֻдˣǣû˻ȡƬ
͵ùдŭϾǶ˻Լĳˣ׿Ǳɱġ
ȥɣ
һ߻ŷɽ沿ɱ˵ĽոշͻȻܵĿֲϢ

±ʹŭУзɿʱһ
ӣ
û뵽⼸˵ʵҲǿ󣬴ʱȴ̫ˡ
¿ɲͬЩûкøУȻһҲ޷Ҵ棡
ںĿУɱ֮ٽ⼸ˡ
ˣɽбʬ壬һ⣬Ȼûһ˴
׷ȥɱǺˡ
ҧ˵
ǻǵĶ𣿡
ʵ
µĬȥǽǶ˵ʵ¿̹ģʵԶԼ֮ϡ
ǣ޷뷨ƬȱķƬҲûʲô̫á
¿Ц
ôһĶûأģǶһǱֶ·ѰҷƬû´ӦýõһķƬˡ
Ц˵Ȼû˿ɥ֮ɫ
ţ˸岻죬Ϊ̸۵Ϊǿߡ
˶һۣԿ˶ԷеľԭԴﵽĸ߶ȣ߸˶˵е
һʲô취ˣȻӦòڴʱЦ̹Ȼɣ˵ҿż
ƺµѾӦ֮ߡ
ţҵİ취һ·Ѱȥ·ķƬõ֮ǽǸԵõԼĪһķƬǲȥǣҲʱҲ˶ˡ
̩Ȼ˵ɢǿš
һ󣬱ʱ·أڵΪȫٷ£һ֮˱صӥء
ô㵽ӥأٶȼֱ̫ˡ
˵Ȼûãٴηӥ壬ԶԶ֮ġ
ȻȴǺϴſɬЦ⣬Увɰһ
طˣԻȥŮߣͰӥӣⶼԸ
Ȼ˵ѾˣΪ˫ʵ಻һ㣬ʵ鷳̫ࡣ
ԭأȴûдӦһİ֮ɫ΢˼һЦֻϴ󴳵뿪磡ȻϴҪҸˣҼȥҲû˼һΣϣϴңɣ
ʲô˼
²ɺʵ
ɱ
̾˿ҡͷ˵
ʲôΪʲôɱѵ۸ˣ
ɻȻٿ
ϴ飡Լ⣡ӥ˳Ů֮λұҲˣ뿪ҲûĵطԣϴҸţֻ·һк𣡡
ϵı֮ɫԽŨ⵹ùûɵһʹΪ˱˵Լǰ
ðɣҪʲôѡҶˣҵΪһóǿ󣬵ǣҵĵҲǷǳǿġ㣬ҲûκκôҪ㱻ɱǽȫҵԣǲٴˣҪôѾҲܲˡ
˵˵תͷȥ
֪ûüֵˣԭ԰ѰҷƬģǣԼԸӦƬĴڵأѾʧȥ˼ֵңһܶ鷳ӥҸȥĵطҲûҵĻ·ҵ·ֻʣһֻһ𡣡
˵ⷬʱˮͻȻ̲ס˳ԼǸĿЦȻҲתȥ΢΢鴤ţ΢΢
㲻İѰҷôû취ʱ㶪أ㣬Ҿʹ
ЩͬڳȰ
֮ߺڶ࣬ÿ˶ܣҹֲܵ񣡡
̾ԶҲЩã
ϴҪˣҲû˼֪ΪʲôҾһֱ׷ϴ󡣡
ЦͻȻǷϵı˲֮¡
ϴҵͬ壡Ҫǲұǣ𣿡
ҧҧ¶˵
⣡ǿʱǣҲֻܳΪƷҪˡ


1354 
ƽ˵֮ڴʱԶˣΪֲõԤУʲôȴ
ǰǲ
ͬ˵
ãҾʹǶˣ
¶ĵ
ǣһ··УѸײڶ֮ƶȡƬƬķƬȡҲѾռʮ鷨Ƭ
˸һߵķѰƬʱȴĿĵѾϵ˽ȵˡ
µУ϶˵ǿ߼Ѿˣص߷·¾һգʣµ޷Ǳһڵͼߡ
˵ִһʱһģһЩӵзƬأǱɱƬײ
ɭɢŨҵѪζڶߵʬ徲ɭ֮Уһ·ϣɱĲ״
˽һɽۣ֮ѩĵطŨѪζ
ǲǲѰҷƬˣ
¿Ц
ѾûбҪˣҵϣʣµķƬԵ˴϶˵У
ش
ôǸȥأܲƾ϶ȡƬɣ
¼ʵ
żٵһ㣬ǾǶ鷨ƬҲȻ޷뷨ƬԣǾȴԻ
̩Ȼ˵֪϶޷ЩѪΪֻⷨԼһոԣһʵڰԼæ
ԭˣǣǵʵ̫ǿˣǿܲǵĶ֣
˵
ڣ㲻õģһΪʦ屨ģǸֻ·һ
ͻȻɢһǿ޹أȴܹߵ˴Ͽ޷š
³ĬʱȴЩ޺޵˵ϴǶ˸ˣȻɱߣΪǿȫĴڣϣϴܹɱ
ǰһ·ѪɺӣЩصһнΪǶˣ֮£ϴǶôʴȣһ·ڶأɱ֮ҲʮޣңûϴߣϴƺûнǸϾɱ
ҲͬĻֶ֮һ⵹еĹ
ǺǣԲӣҲʴ֮ˣҵĵˣһĺΪûɱˣΪߣöֽǶѡ
Ц˵ⷬǫȴԵ
ǹ£еɱҲҪҪǿù´ѰҷƬЩߵ˿ܻʮֲأȻû϶˵ĺֶȡ
У϶˸ûЩߵˣǽǵ˶ɱ
֮ɽȻƮ˶ëѩ˵ӰҲڶëѩ֮С
ԲĵطܻõҲϡٵģںԣ˵ص൱ˣѩ
빫ǸֶѾﵽΪԶǺ˿
վѩУƾѩһƬƬƮϣʵҲһķʽ
ﵽڵΪѾѵĻ½㲻ܹľҲǲѡ
ģѾͬһѩ˰ԭأҴںʮɡ
ӭŷѩѩƮ彥ѩ֣Ҳƺűĸо侲
£ѾԾĽ˵һȫµľ󣬾ĸ򡮵֮ڡ
ŰѩͻȻ뵽ˮ뵽ˮ֮Ժ̱Ӱˮɢȥ֮ʧ
ˮˮ
ͻȻ˵ȴһݱ˵Ϣ
һԵĹΪ֮һ㶣ĥĻһƺ򣬿߶仰Ȼ붨״̬
ʱʮ棬ʱ˿̣ѾĳڶԡĸС
Ϊ
ԶɽµһʱͻȻһ紵ɽͷȻ͵һǿΧ˻£±ϵͬ£ڿеͬʱҲԶȥ
ľ
ԺȻȻ뵽仰вɸдĶ࣬ľǡ֮ݱ䣬ȻʮֲпᣬȴǲΥʵ
ΪʱѾﵽ״̬µĶǻԵɺϣΪҲ֮ͻȻ
֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬綼ãȻһƬʱͻȻһ仰ڵڵ
˵仰ֻһůͻȻѸٵӿȻɢһɫĹâ
ˮˮľڵڵ
߶оȻֻȻʵĸоϽʧֻ֮Ȼٴα


1355 
ô£ѵǶ𣿡
ɻʵʮֻɵĸı仯ڵɷɢ֮󣬺ȻһҲʤϲ顣
ԭھɷÿɷѾﵽʮҵʵʱһ󣬾Ȼﵽʮ屶ң츳Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һζԼ츳ΪһߣÿɷŴﵽ屶ҵʵ츳ѵߣʮҲѾǼޣԼﵽ̬츳ӵоŵɷݴ½к˿츳

ͻȻһƳĳХűǿЦѩɽڲѡ
뾡
ʱ˿̣ʹһû뵽Լһʵȡ˳Ľ
ѩɽۣ֮ȻѩУͬһʯͷһΪ£ƺ˼ʲôӵ⡣
ܺãƺҲ뵽ľˣǿ飡ϣ츳Ҳһ
аƳ˵ӰǲɸֳŹֵЦ⡣
Ժý˴ȥѵƬռ佻˶ѣҲھݣǵǰ;һ㡣
ЦЦִʱѾҹǷѩ֮⣬һʵ¹͸⵹һ
˵رǵ¼̳һؿռ䣬ΪʲôƬռҲ¹⣬ǳ⵹һʱ֮Ҳ޷͡
ʵ¹ƺңɼλƬռˣżǹңԶ¹Ǿݴ½ϵ¹˵ͬһ֡
˲¹⣬ǰʵҹ߿û̫ܵӰ졣
ղǵǵѩأ
뵽ƺ˵һǱ㲻֪ĳǰȥ
ѩɽ֮ϵĻѩȻѾﵽȣûʹκΪͬһͨһǰߡ
ˣȴûͨ˵ѣϾѩȴǸ޷赲ǰơ
һᣬ㵽±ϣµĴƺڲţܹ쵽ƬصĳأҲֻҪԼǰ벽µĵ¡
ѩɵġ
Ц˵ĺȻһɱϢͻȻļ䣬һɲ֮ͬʱ
ǿߣΣľ죬Ϊﵽڵĳ̶ȣӵв֮бһʲôҪˡ
ͷָ㻹ڣҲԭشŵһĶʱ˲١
ȻֲĸоȻӣ˲²⡣
Ǻ˵ˣǲ⣬ڸ;С
ţвɾ
ʱƺڶʱɲˣƶ޷߲ãʵͼߣǺѡĿ϶ǡ
϶ǰĿһҰɣʵޣɱֻ϶˴޾鷳ԣһɱңߴңûȡƬ
ѸٵķţһᣬƲԸĶˡ
Ϊҵòһ󷨲ſԲ
֪ʮðգȴòΪΪڴϸĶҲʧѵΪ
ȻŸ㣬ȴܱ֤˲ǣԶƶʱ˳ָ˽ֹ˱㲻ᳳ㣬ͬʱҲᰲȫĶࡣ
еĲоԽԽǿˣͬʱڵķƺЩ಻סˣΪʣķƬԼԽԽ
ಣ
һ˲Ѿ˰֮⣬Ȼ̲һʱ󷨣ֻǶʱЧڵⷽʽõģӱϸ
󷨲úúѩУһϱ˺ѩ
֮⣬ɫĹâϥڰѩϣ˫ϥϣɫȻڳһģ
û˻ʱҲвٷյģҲĹУҲԶˣڵ˴ͬʵʱԶԽԺͬ͵ϮõĻֻˣãҲпܡ
Ѿ׼һԷ˸йˣҲɱ֮赲ԷĹ
ڣڶԷƬĸӦѾԽԽǿڲԶһɿз
ʮڿУɫֲۣʹ˷ܣǺߺȥ˵ġ
ʮˣȻȫòŮӣòǧͬǧŮüŮ˪Ů¶֮ɫȵȲһ㡣
ȻŮȥǲҷκڷţʱ¡¡졣
˽ӽѩɽ֮ʱͻȻһŮӵҺţһӰһһʬѾӽ˳ʬһŮ˵ģʱѾ׷ּңŷѩɽ֮С


1356 
ۣ
һλȹŮӼҳ鲻ԽĿ޺һһ֮ŮɫһƬҰףһĽ˲նͷ­ڴ֮һƬɵĹĻĶʬ峹׽Ϊ顣
ֱŮȹŮŮӲŻ飬Ͼһ˸ҷǽ֮Ƿ쭣ŮԻǣ
ʱΪԱ˲ֱɱ˿ȹŮӡ
ף
ǰĽͻȻһȻǽűͬһ㡣
ȻһĺŮǵڶмĲȻ类˺ˡ
һŮֱӿͷ֮һɱȸղŵĽĽƾն⻪ĽȫŮС
ٶʵ̫죬ɢȥ֮ʱŮûüҽѾڿУԪӤ֮Ԫ֮壬ԱĽΪ顣
ɽҲʧȥƯڿеȣʧذƮ䣬žЩ졣
ɾѩУŵɱ¾Ϊ۵ףвΪЩŮӾñһմ϶˵ĺΪ
ˣֻڸղŵ£ҲδؿԾȵˡ
϶ڿѾӦ˵ĴڣΪ˲ݾߣֶνЩץŮɱȻι۲ѩɽ֮۵
֪ʱ𣬷ĴѩѾֹͣһɹĺֲʱɽϢĽӽѩɽ֮ۡ
ѩɽһ˱㿪ʼ٣һʮֻٶȽӽɽˡ
ѡнӽΪ͵ĺǰΪǳߣ㲻ִܷ϶˵ټ
϶˰۲źڴڼ䣬˲ɢ˿ɱ⣬ͣһ˲֮ı˷
ʱƺڶ֮У֮Щᣬƺ˼ʲô⣬˵ľȫ˼УΧĸӦ½˲١
СĽӽ㣬ֱӽʮɷΧڣȻûзֽߵΣա
ڸ߲Ƭ̣ڴڼ䣬ҲԶԶƺڹ۲ʲô
ҲЩţϾֻǲ²˲Ը֣˭֪˻᲻ᷢأ
뿪ߺŵĲ·зԶ˵ĵĪڴ
ڽӽ֮󣬱Ȧ۲ķӦȷҲĽӽߡ
ô͵ˣѵ֪岻ɣ
аȴǲɫһȫı飬Իˡ
ȴǲֱһʱһ˿ʼӽӽʮɺѸٵĺ˵֮⡣
С̶˿֮£ֻҪǸҽӽһԴ
ԼʵʮģͻȻϮԷɹһ̫͡
˻ĲСʥˣͬڱһ㣬˲ϵĽӽֲϵĺˣֱ˽ͣʮҡ
ûһ㣬ʮңǲõĳֻᡣ
аɷѾȫںһʵѾﵽԼԴﵽ۷״̬
һԣ֮ʱǲںϷģԣڴ϶ǰһѵĻᣬһδںϷôǱɱľ档
ȻȴСϾǰһսУһжһô˲ᡣ
ң֪ķʮǿ󣬼Ҫ͵ϮҲõķʽȥִУ򣬶͵Ϯûκ塣
˼ʱѾٻ顯ŵ֮£ոն츳ҲӾ޴á
ӵжʮ츳츳Ѿﵽ˿ֲʮ屶ңͬΪŵɷͬʱʵѾǿһ
⣬顯ҲߵʵȵģߵʵԽǿ󣬡顯ܷӵԽǿϡ顯ΪıʵôʵѾﵽ˴ʵңҲ൱ɱľʵ
ȻҲӵС顯ֻʹáϼʱſʩչ
˽Ѿվĵطʮңһǰһ󣬶ͬʱеķɽ
ӱϿʱȫע֮УƺΧľԲǿǶʵǿӵܵĳ֡
ʵϣڵķƬתţΪʣķƬͲڶϣˣʮĸ֪˵Ĵڡ
״̬£ƾȫĬУĽ⼸ĳĲնȥ£ͬʱ𣬵ƾɽķնҲͬʱ¶ڿ֮С
ڽҫͬʱȴȻΡȻʩչ͵ϮĶϲΪ£ն
޷ɱ壬һԸԪ֮׵Ķֻֻ࣬Ƕ˵̰ˡ


1357 
ɽҪնĲʱͻȻƾʧˡ
ã
д󾪣ûϵᷢ˹飬еĽҲɲǼգԱ֮ơ
ֻ˵Ĺ뷨ȴƵڶսͬʱķɽѾҫһɫĹâ
ɫâҫͬʱ϶Ѿ׼вɰŭ
ÿĽ
еͷûǵɫĽѾ˵ȫ֡
һзʵ̫̫죬쵽ϻûӦǷɽĹâոɢʱһɿֲİɫƾ𣬶˵㱻Űɫˡ
Ҫɱң
һĲҽ󣬴ϵŵĻ겻ᣬû뵽ֳȻܶˣ˲ɱ塣
ֹɱ壬ıѾʱ˵Ԫ֮Ҳ޷ǰɫ
Ҫô֣һɱʱ·
츳ﵽĳ̶ʱ顯ܹһҵʱѾӵ˾ʵƣ͵Ϯ£Ǻ˼ûκοܡ
ʵԽǿ󣬰ɫֹһһɱΪôϾʧǡ
ܵܣң
˵ڶ仰ǿȣҲû뵽ȻԼ˲ɱˣȫ֮顣
˵屻ɱԺ˵ӰҲر󣬹ؼԪ֮ҲȫλвһûǱֻ³
˵Ԫ֮ڰɫţΣȥǷ޴ɶݣðʩչ˲ʱȴָӲɫİΧҪӳȥԪֻ֮ҲᱻȫС
ڽϣΪлȷɫǷȫס˵Ԫ֮壬ֱķĴǲһ˿΢΢Ц⡣
û뵽ǣǴڴʱ˿̸ûʩȵ˼ȻˣȵֳʹԪԱԻ㱨𣡡
ԣ˶ʱŭ˲͸ƿڴϡ

ȷɫ󣬵ſһ˵Ԫ֮巢һ־ļȻŰɫ֣븹С
ɵˣʱʱŷΧ󷨣ǺЯķƬҲ׷׿ʼڻе䣬಻֪ķ
ȻһУЩ»õķƬѾ쵽ⷨǿ
ϣ㲻ǰ͵ϮʥʵˣڣǹԹͶأҪʥɱ
˲ɱһ˺еǲżˣֻҪԼ̫⣬Ҫϲֻʱѡ
ϼŭֿ־壬ŭ˲ɱԼֳԼʧȥһǿİ֣־Ȼʱʵô֡
̫ˣһΪֳġ
˵仰󣬴ͻȻˡ񽣡һ㾯ķԷͻȻϮ
˭֪ǴֻһС񽣡һɿֲ̫Ȼγһǽǽ֮ǰܵı۾ˣ̽ĸӦҲڴʱ˿ʧӰ٣˶ǽϵѾʧˡ
񽣡Ȼӵ˱̬Ǳˣ
ɢһââŶĹǽ֣Ȼ֮󣬴ϵѾңԶ֮
ã̫ˣȻӳ󷨣
а㳯ǽķ˲ƶȥ
ʹ񽣡ķɽõļ󷨣š񽣡ӳ󷨡
ӳǡ񽣡γɵĹȻγһǽҲԲˬԭڡ
˲Ʊܿ񽣡ǽͻȻִѾӵ˹µܱߡ
ʱ򣬹ǡǡɻ˿ҫĹǽи֪ʲô顣
ϾδܵĹУͻȻһ׼Юʡ
ĵͼ߿϶ǴѡĿ꣬ˣֱ˹ڵλá
ڴѸײڶ֮ץס£Լɴߣлᣬܹв
ȻɱȴǴϸ飬ʵǿ֮ʱ
һзʮѸ٣û˲ƳʱѾǱ˹֮ڡ
׵ķɽһǴ϶˳ˣ
µķӦν죬д󾪣˲˷ɽ
ʮɣаϲ͵ķ˲ϮʱȴµķɽȻ֡
˽ľ£¾Ȼ˿΢С仯ƾоһն
һȴǳϵԤ֮⣬ΪҲͬһʵǣвɱŵĴ󾪣Ҳڴʱѡ˲ƺˡ


1358 
һʱ䣬Ѿʧȥ͵Ϯʱ䣬һֳֽ˪ĻܣķҲﵽһȫµĸ߶ȡ
ʱŷֹµʵôʱͻȻһ

ϻնһǡ񽣡ٴηһҫĹǽǽǡôֹͻϮͬʱҲù´󾪵ĺˡ

Ѿ˸ߡ
ġ񽣡֮˳˲ƳȥȴֵʵԼ·ӣһҧһԵĽ֮С
ǹǽʧʱѾ֣һһˣǺ
ѾоѣûаֵֵϵʵĸĴ
һƣŶԳΣĺȵʥˣҶ˱ˡ
빫վеʺ󣬶вɰԽпࡣ
׼ʩչ˲֮ʱǴȴնһǿٴ˺ǧ֮ң
ǸҶһ£ϱɱˣ
ϾŵĺЩȻдڿ־֮С
Щɻһۣ벻ôսѡЮֶʵͼҪЮΪƺ޴͸ˡ
ѵʵֽˣԴϵʵẦ
мȾϲΪΪˡ
ϣ㱾£ԶԪӤڵҪЮʥˣ̫Цˣû뵽ųŵĴϾȻֻϢЦ󷽣
ЦжԴϵΪ൱ӵģϾеʣʵ̫ᡣ
ϲŲʲôϢǶҪǸҶһǶɣǰɣ
һЦ˫۷һʵʰĽ㷢һҵĽһ۰Ѿ˫Ľʵķ顣
㣬޳ܣ
յĺȥȴû뵽˵ƽƺ״̬һ㡣
޳ܾ޳ܣб±㶯һϷǻȥˣʥһƺҪðɣǵУ
͵͵۲߶˵ı飬ֻ˹µգȴǸͼ
㵱ʥ˻ͬһ׳գΪ˶ԪӤڵߣʥ˻ᱻв𣿡
¹˵ʵ뼤ϷŹˡ
ҲΪȴЩ꣬Խնһֱۡ
ȻҧأһԵĳҵʹȴǲҽеĺγԱȡ
ҪɱɱǶ˵вϴǳε飡
ȻȻȵƺһҲη⵹ôЩԻˡ
ĲҽҲڴʱŵˣ֪ǲĻ̼ȻѡҧأһԲ
ҽ׷ϴȻֻһСʱ䣬һ磬գͬ
˵ϵı΢΢ЩˣΪҪܶϱ۵ʹɲһ߿Գܵġ
ΪԽͣʹĳԽ˲ֻԪӤڵߣ޵֮ȻᲢۡ
ͬʲô˵ɣ
ҧʹ
Ȼϴжôǲ壡磬һѡԪӤԱ㲻ϴڱвľأΣ
ʮĺȵ
һһεе֪ôӥŮˣѵΪϴԼ˶ڶԷв
һŮҲΪеĺҲɺĺãǾһԪӤԱϴûк֮ǣҲ㱨ϴĿ
˵ıô΢΢üҲ˸жˣȴпĶࡣ
Թ¶˽⣬һѶϵˣʱֻ»ƾԷɱˣȻ˱
Ȼƽǹƣ˼Ҳǹ¿ײ²ġ
֮һֱû˵Լ׸òΪʵͼ߶һ˶˵ĻҲŨŨĸж
ϣǣһΣҿ㲻
ڿ˵ⷬ˽Щ⣬Ǹжѡ
ʱˣ
Ŀⶢ
ô޷ԪӤԱô£
ҪˣȻķ⣬Ǻ֮Ҳε
ߣڱϵУǾȻԪӤԱЦ
ΪЦŶЦʥˣѾ֪ں˵ö˻Ͽɻм
ǵѵ⻹ҿ㣬ǧôߣ
Ļش


1359 
㽫ƬȫϷȻϷǶ˺뿪
ϵЦ
򲻿ɣǴϵĹƣ
д󾪣ѾǧõķƬΪϣô˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ϴ󣬲Ҫǵֵˣǧ𽫷Ƭ
˵
ҲȰȴĺһڿҲشǰͻȻ෨Ƭ
ϣҪķƬȫҿ̸㣡ȥɣ
Ƶ˵ǰķƬֱɴϡ
пϲû뵽Լֶܵóѣһ佫ЩƬӣһ˼֪ⷨƬûд
һԵʥˣڷƬֵķϣϱȫ⣡
ϵЦţɿеĶˡ
ԭأûжⷴôĪĽš
ڣ
ȷʱ˲ƶһȭȻѸٵĳȥеġ񽣡ҲûնһƬǽԴȷԼİȫˡ
Ϣ֮󣬴ϵѾʧӰ٣û뵽Լ˵ϴлô

΢΢̾һвΪʲôֻ鲻ԽΪʧȥϧʮѾĻŵõЩƬʱȻȫǴʹҪЮֶζȡ
ϴлл㣡
ˮѾ̲ס˳ǰǺȦҲģţȴʲôҲ˵
ÿܲ˵ģֻ˳־Ƕˣ
赭д˵Ͽ˿ź뱯ˣ·ӵж΢Цݣŵ˵Ҳܵ˲Ӱ졣
ѽǲ֪˵ʲôˣҾܹ飬ʵǷǳ˲ģңҾͲܰ쵽
¿޵һԲѡ
ģһȻ֮УǴϸܲˣһΣұ֪ʲô𡣡
ϴŵЦ⣬˵ⷬȴĵĻ
϶÷Ƭϲһ·ӣֱһ֮ʱСȡзƬ
ڶķƬϲΪһഫԻһּΪǿķԣϵǼģѾֳΪ
ڶķƬһʱЩƬγɵôϴߡ
ͻȻϾһΪЩƬʼڿ໥ˣЩƬϵٶȲ죬һʼϣǱôϲ
㻨һʱ䣬ЩƬȫϣϺ󣬴ƵķԼδ˵еķ
ƬںϺһɫ״ⷨڿвϵתţܱǽɫâ
ɣ
һգſеķȻٵĸָһѪǷȥ
ϵѪǷʱɫͨ죬æʹķʽĬһ׹ϵܹٷѪʽ
ȻȴԼǷȻû˿ϵвɿơ
ⷨ׸ʥˣֻ»Լʱ䡣
ϲѿ˵һ뵽ʥֿտգвЩϲ
ΣԼǰֻҪԼոǿķΪá
ڴԼһѪǷ֮ϺǷܱߵѪͻȻһըѿ
ȿȣ
ͻķЧ˴һӶҪɳˣû˹ķȻ޷Ѫ
ʵϣǴ֪ⷨΪֻҪš
ϿȵѪϧıѪԴ÷Ѫ
һƺԸΥ۴Ϻķ˶پǷڿһ
ʲô죬ɣ
ЩŭˣһնǷڶɽ£ǷȻס˴ϵһ֮ô𾪵ǣⷨȻûг˿˺ۡ
ޱǿķɵֵٹ
Ͼ̾ϧΨһĲˬ޷ԦǼ
ڴϽʾ֭䷨ʱǷͻȻһâȻԶɶݶȥ
ҪӰ
鲻Խľһ̳Ƿ׷ٶ
ôû뵽ǣⷨɶݵٶȺ֮죬Լȫ˲ƣȴҲոտһӰӡ
ΣҲʧȥǿķǱһ·˲׷٣һ׷پȻҹ
һ벻ͣ˲׷ϣϼҪˣȴֲҷڵһ룬ȴʱ䶼ûС
ʮֲĸоڴǶΣյһֱܸоǣһǰ㣬ֻѡ񲻹ǰȥ׷ϡ


1360 
ģȲոƴܣˣҲķġ
ϿЦֻܹ׷ϣֳһʱǷƺҲˣٶȾȻࡣ
ʱϲңԷҲȥٶȣԼֵȥ׷ⷨأ
ȫĵ׷ϷǷѾһѩɽ֮ʱвɴ󾪡
Ϊʲô
ϵֻͣһ˲䣬Ȼǹϵĳķ׷ȥ
ɫĵӰķʼˣúɽ֮ϣȻǱһ
̽ΧȷûκʱвɰϲȻѩɽϡ
ϣôֻˡ
ͻȻ֣ͽŵĻ赹ȥ
ʱԴ϶ԣֱʮֱҵ飬ˣϲһеǿеķ
һΣΪȻץסǷ
γʱϲŷԭһֱûߣȻѩɽۣ֮ˣߵҲѩɽϡ
㣬ôûߣ
ץס󣬳ʵ
ʥڵ㣬ѵҲ֪
ЦǺǵ˵ΧҲòԤ˴ϻʱѾ֤ǰԤϡ
ȱʲôѵҪᱻϷ
оޱȣæ񽣡ʱ׼ӦĽ
˴󲿷ʵ뱾ʥһս𣿡
΢΢һЦеŴϣǰҲûϵϻ״̬Լǰԣʮֿɱġ
о壬ȴ¶Цõ˵ʥˣԭԩ޳𣡲֪ΪΣǲϷŹϣѵһҪɱ𣿡
ϣжôҲı䲻˱ʥľģҲûһô£ڣʥɣķѵѪʵڰﱾʥƩ磬ǰķɵǱʥķѾѪˣȥʥϳȫƬˡ
Ƶ˵࣬ôϵӲɳۿôҲ˵Ļ
һģô
ѾˣͻȻſеķɵ
ɵڴʱɢŽɫâٵĳȥȻʧ
ķ
϶ʱʧǣֻɱԼлɵģķ
ϣֻⷨһ˿ӵУǾǱʥˣɱ˱ʥˣ㻹޷õ
ԹɫЦֱҪϾ
Ҳܷ裡
кͻȻʼĥܹӵһ١
ȿɻɻɻ
ͻȻ쳤̾״Ƿɢ¶һͷɢĳ
үҲ࣬Ϊƻ˵˴ΪʲôҵóأΪʲô
Ϸĺһ֣ȻԼȥ
һᣬҿĳԼͣϵʹԼһʹ飬ڹµĸо
Ⱗ˵һĻʱ˵ͬ顣
ͬʱĴϣ˺޲Ϊġ
֪죬αصأϣڸģҲлأ
ĿЦ
Ҵˣʥԭңʥ˲ԭ£µһл¡
ʹ㣬е̵Ŀڼ㣬ʱʾΪ˼ȥ
ܿɱҸףǣȴκγ֮⣬ǿ⸱ģܻڸĵĻҲ÷
¿Ц˵
˼ϣȻ˼ôҲһᣡڣ㽫ȡķɽɣ
ƽʵ
գգ۾һ˫ӷٵתţҲþʱҪǽۡԷԼʱָʲôأ
ǣʱҪǲֻºܿᱻԷɱ
лʥ˳ȫͽɽ
չǽ񽣡ˣڽӹ
ܺãϣ벻һۣȻڴ˴С
΢΢һЦϴʧɫҪɽأȴһɴ˷ɽ
Ѿ㣬һлԶˣ֪ûָڵ̫ˣھͱ
Ц˵ͬʱͻȻһɫâķɽ
Ҫ
Ͼĺսкתӡ

еġն콣ɲǷƷ򵥵һ֮£ϸ޷ѡ
ǴûĹʵҲп֮ܽɱʱ˿̣ԸһĴϣȫռžµľԽ
һ֮ͻȻʲôƵģ͵һŰɫĻ棬ǰһɫǽ


1361 
ĿùֳɫûӳԪ֮壬ʱֵԼϵñ
ʱʵɱҲϡ棬ֻһȴù¿Ĵסˡ
ŶãʵȻ˿ֲľ磬ĵˣֻʱܱɱ
Щҵ⣬ʱֻһŭϷ򲻸ģϷ򲻸İ
ʲôãһӶҪ˵ģˣȱ𼱣һԪ֮ӡ̵ģ
ʮƽ˵Ȼ㽫ϵԪ֮븹УҲƽ˶ǿԪ֮塣
֮磬һöޱ𾪡
ʱȺ׵״̬ʧȥԭеĳǺµĳƱҪͨҰɱ¾Żᱻѡٳؿڣˡ
ڳ䣬ʥ˱˵ڣˣֺûκһ˸Υ
ѾʣԪ֮壬ҲΪź顣
ȵǣ´УȻΪµĴϡ
ȻʥѡĴϣ˲òӣµĴֻʣԪ֮塣
ʣµĳѡЩ֮ǰѾ뿪塣
öĽָҲѾ˳ɵ͸ɭֿռ䡣
ʱѾ֪峤ǷķжôɫķɵͷȻɵĴ͸󷨣ԲµĽƣⷨǰҲͬ衣
ȷԿɴ·ݣ֮ǲԼ˫֮
ݣΪ߳ڴ˴ֻ·һΪ˱֤ǵİȫ׼ȥһƬطǿԸ⣿
֣˵
ϴ׷㣬ںδκΣգ
齹˵
Ҳǣ
˳Ļ˵͸֮⡣
΢ЦһԣߣˣԪ֮塣
޳ָһĴڣӶ˵˫ۣƵ˵ǵ⣬ҶֻǣǵΪ̫׷ңҲֻң𣿡
ĵͷֱ˫ۣʱ˵ĽµˣΪӵǿʵȻ׷
ף
ͬʱش
׾ͺãʵΪبŲĵһ촳һ棬ڱҪŬֻдﵽһΪŻᱻҲֻܴײ㡭
һ󣬶Ҳ޻˵ͷͬ
֮󣬶˱ĿռУʺ϶˳ɳĿռ䣬ڴ֮Щȡ񽣡
ʦ壬ķɽҽԭ
˵֮ɫʼΪʧȥԼΣϾԼʦ塣
Ǻǣʦ岻Ǻúõʦû˵һл㣬򣬺룡ʦҪҪʱ䣬ⱦɽʱҲòˣ磬͸㣬Ҳ֮·
ֺǺǵЦ鵹Ǻܲһֹвⰵʹ
ʦջس˽ʦıɽôԽܣзɽɽʦţ
ȭõ
ϵЦͻȻˣĪҪΪʵѾ޵ˣɽûô򵥣ʱڵ¼̳Уʦ岻УǶһɱʦ壡˴˽ãԻʵһʦҲΪһԪڵδǣ㻹ǽܰɣ
ʦǿѣɽҲܵģ
΢΢һЦеķɽѾ֮УҲЩû뵽ͳ˷ɽҲôѡ
µЦм֧һоˣʲô֮
ʦǴ֮ˣʦ֣ʦ㣩ѣ
ͬʱȭеǻһˣֻѾлķɽˡ
ʦ֣ʦˣ
ֻܿЦҡͷԼһ⣬ֻɣ
ڸв֪ҪǵõʦķɽԺǽǱһΣ֪ʹɽƤ˰ɣ治Ҫʧ
ȰȴһЦ⣬ƽ˵Ӳ֮ʦò˶ñɻָ壬ʱȻõǿķɽңǸʱֻѾɽˣ
ǿӲ̬ȣֻܷ뷨򽫷ɽ˱ܣһȵָصС
˷巵أ˽Ļ֮УҲЩľʮֻðգԼʮˣֻѾˡ


1362 
֮һԪȻȽңԶȴģΪԼʵΪǿˡ
ϷһҪˣһҪӦϷ򡣡
ͻȻԵЩʥĿ븡ش
ʦ˵ɣܹӦģһӦ
Ѿµ˼֣кЩᡣ
չ˺
̵ֻ˵⼸֣ȻƿĿ⣬кЩȻʧ
ף
㲻ɼĽгͨʱദ᲻뿪ֻʣԪ֮¡
ҴӦ㣡
Ļͬ࣬仰ȴ¶ɵı飬ΪĸףԸڴǺܸߵģȴİΣչˣİȫ
Ϊл˵
˵
ţ
ɵĻش
֮˱̸ܿ븡㽻ʲô
ʦܣ˷Ƿֱ֮ʱҵҪʦ巵һԪڣʦ˵ˣǽͨȥأֻҪѰ·ǰһԪڡ
Ц˵
ǰɣǿ͸¶һԪڵķҪ֪֮ҪѰһԪ̸ף
ҲЦ˵˵ȴη壬ΪݣѵҲһԪڣⲻǸЦô
޿ɷ氡ʦܣҪСˣһ߽ݺĵشкܶΣյģ
ٴѵһ΢ЦţϸŶ˵̸
ԼĪƬ֮ͬʱȭ𣬴ʱ˿̣вŸоµ޲ɢ֮ϯ
˻뿪빫Ŀ뿪
ã˵ƶûκθı䣬ֱĿһ²Żعһ˫Ŀо⡣
ˣټ֮գ
µĴ΢΢һʹϡ
ǻôҴӦʦҪչ㣬ͷİɣ
ƽ˵ʱͻȻоһᣬĻС
ʱûܣƾ뻳УĻУͷųԼĸ飬Ȼ޵Ļģ⵹۲ѡ
ˣٿ޾Ͳÿˡ
ܵȰ˫ķסļͷҲͷ̧
ÿˣͲҪ𣿡
㲻˵ԣһ˵Щ޷ֵǱ㲻ÿɷЦЦ
ߣˣĹٳҲҪ㣡
Ĺĵ˵ϻỨҲɿЩ㶣Ϊʱĸʵ̫ˡ
£һŮ˿ʮȻ£Ů˵ǿԷŴģͱǰĸ㣬ԭ޾ףʱϳ֮
ܹЩŮˣŮƵľҲ൱֮ټܵ񣬸ͻȻЩˣߴ˰
Ǹʹ
૵˵
֪ǣʹʲô˼
ͻȻ֣صʵϲ̵ģΪѾµڿԼ

ɱĻشЦˣ˵ʹڴʱԽ͸
Ц˵ʹʲô˼
Խֵ棬ԽЦ
ʹ˼Ůһ̶ȣ޷ݣԱ֮Ϊʹ
ҵ˵ȴû뵽⻰ø˷ĪȻҲһֵЦ
⣬ָ㾹Ȼڴʱ˫ۣһξߢģֱ˷
Ȼ֮ʱͻȻֽĲԼҪǶԷзͼ
ȻһһƶҲԽԽʱ˶Է֮
ԭǿɵܵģڴʱȴԵЩ㶣ûܡ
֮󣬸ͻȻ٣Ȼݺݵĸ촽⵹۾ɵ˫ķס˸֫
֪ôˣ
ʱ˿̣ͻȻðͷ
ͷʱͻȻ־öԲ㣬ϾԼôڴʱأ
˵òʮƣԸȴЩ죬ǰĸԸǰԵĶ࣬ͱղһ£ȻͶͱ
ŸɬǣҲ֪ʲôоֳֻ֪嶯ĸо˫ֲ˸֫
£˽ıһҲڶϣղǷǡ
һǽ󣬸ٴνԴĻУߵĲ¶ʱҲоЩԳ
˽û˵ֻǾıŸ壬ȴƽ
ڶŨ֮ʱͻȻһЦ߾ȻҴ֮أӿɲС
¶ԴſԶһ߶ԼˣЩ¹ڳһһ֪ʲôֵķ


1363 
֪ЩŹˣֻᣬϾԶڵʵ̽鷽ԲΣҲⷽԲ֮ڣߺ֮࣬Ȼһһ̽顣
Ҳ·ˡ
΢Ц˵ķſ˸㡣
ͷȴǶǶ֮ЩŭˣԼĻһᡣ
Щ˵ķУɵǰǧʱЩ˲ɵɴ۾
븡ȻΪƾȴѾʮֳ˵ʾӡ̡
ڵڵߣһô֣
һ겻Ȼ˵еҫɫĹââָǸ㡣
Ǻûᣡǹһ
һ˹Цһı飬д֮ơ
׼뿪Ⱥ˸˹в̽һϢǱʵλѣһԪڵɽںδ
˻һȺ˲һԪ˵ǿɣɵ߶ɻĪһǾԲἰһԪڵġ
󵨿ͽȻͶ
һ俴ȥԴߴȵһȻѾǰҡ
ߣ
㱾ЩŭʱһаЩ˲֪
ôɱ𣿡
Ц˵ҲΪЩ˸еҺԼǿߣֻˡ
Сӣ㲻ڵߣҲϷǰǾ׼ɣ
ȫͻȻɢԪӤߵƣΪƾԼƿöԷ˶á
Ц֮
㲻˵жЩʵͼȴʮŵļһûһøС
˰ɣƾɱҵģ
΢΢һЦЦӶ͹ˣԣԷʵĸ֣پԲԪӤڵߣôԼѹԵأ
ΧһȺҲ㵲ѣһЩ˵ʵ󲿷ҲԪӤҡ
ʵ⣬ѵش𣿡
ͻȻЦһӣһ㽫ǰסˡ
ҿȥˣ
֪˭һɤӣɽ
ҪˣƱҪ˵һ뷨

ֻ³ĸ֣Ӷδܱߵȫ˿С
ʱʵƾѹɱЩˣɱЩԪӤڵߡ
شɣ
Ȼ˵
ʱ˲ž̾ʵǿһɫ̣֪ȴԼı³
ߣһǲˣ³ܱҲܼ򵥣ҪôǱɱҪôǱĥ
һĿѾշ磬˲֮б˶˵ѹ
뽵ڵأһͷݣЩǿɲôð
ǰһԪǴ˵еĳɣû֪һԪڵɽںδһԪڵɽڵأĴ˵ֻǲ֪
һ˻شŷͼҪѰҵһԪڵɽŲ򵥡
Щ˵һһϣһǣ֮Ƕûκ˿Ծǡ
˵ȺڳƲң֮㽫֪Ĵһһ
Ⱥߴʱû˿ǣһŽ֪Ĵ˵еһһԪӦжɽŴڡ
һԪڿ֮ʮЩطΪ֮֮ѾططһһԪڵɽڡ
ӵĻһԪչǰͨӣЩʵǿĺĵٳ֣֮ĸ֣һǲ׵ĳǰǳˣҲ˲µʵݡ
Щ˵δʳԣŹȺߡ
һСɽϣֻʣ빫¶ˣʱƺѾʮģһ֮ͻȻɢڶɫĹâ
ЩâȻ뿪壬Ȼʼйɵĳ˷ɢȥ
Ѫ䣡
¾û뵽ڴʱʹˡѪ䡯ȴѡ
Ѫ䡯ҲƵһ࣬ʱЩѪ䡯ɢЩðյģƾߵʵЩѪ䡯̽ķΧʮޡ
һԼĪͷ˹ǧġѪ䡯ЩѪ䡯˷ַɶݣʮ֮׳ۡ
ЩѪ䡯ɳֶ֮˫ȴǽţƺڸӦʲô
Ѫ䡯Ⱥߣʵ̫ǿ󣬵ǾѱЩѪ䡯ٶȸ죬Ҳ˾޴
һʱ󣬡Ѫ䡯вϾݣ߳ɱѪ䡯һУȴɶӰ졣


1364 
ЩѪ䡯Σյʱ򣬴󲿷ֶѡܣԡѪ䡯ٶȣҪɱҲǼΪѵġ
ټݣǧġѪ䡯ɢЩѪ䡯ϣ̽鵽ΪңԶĵط֮ʶԽݸǡ
Ҵ֪һԪڵɽˣ
ͻȻ˵ϴŵЦ⣬ù²пϲ
ھǰһԪڰɣ
ϲ˵
˷գԼٶȳĿ괦ɽһ·ϵ˲ߵԶڵʵ߾ʧܸա
һƻֺȺɽ֮ǰ빫ͬʱɽ£һʱڵִһɽ
ɽ֮ϣһģĴɣڴ˴ʮء
һ·δ֮ˣ˳ĵִɽȵ˸ϸɽʱѾɽϡ
Ǵ˵еһԪ𣿡
ЩȵǰڶߣЩвʵǿ֮ˣڹģҲΪӴ
ߺˣѵ֪ݵһ𣿡
һߵȵ
ʱ˲ſԭڶڽһιģӴļ
ߣʵոմ򵽶ɽٳڣߵʮʵΪ
Ҵطˣ
ЦЦ۾һ棬һֻѪ䡯ʬڵϣΧʮߵ岢š
ֻѪ䡯ɽ㱻һ·׷ɱ֮󷴿һ󱻶Էɱ
˾ȵˣЩŸͬȺƺҲֳڶɱ
ɽŹڵգ⵹ҲЩ⣬Լ֮ԻҴλãʵҲԭġ
ۼߣʵǿ߲γɵǳңԶĵطӦˣԲһ·ΪһԪڵɽڡ
˭ôû
ǰɵģҲֻж˰
Χ۷׷ףƺʮֺ˵ĳ֣ʱǸʵλǺ֮ˣô˲أ
һԶļֿ̳ΧݶŵͻȻʲôƵģ㲻һ֮ˡ
¶ɢ֮ˣμʢĴᣬô𣿡
΢Цıȭ˵Ͳں˵ۡ
ɢޣǼɢޣǾͱţǳѾõǰȻԲμӴᡣǲǣǾͳɽ
ư˵дݵһţǰɫΧĲҲЩС
ݵһɣԳƵһĪһԪʲô
һͻȻ˵ڳ˾һ㶡
һԪʲô
˷׷⣬ߵɫЩࡣ
ǰһԪõĴ˵˭֪һԪڵɽڣ
߻ʵ˽ԻشǸҲֻ͡
ߣ
֮һҲ׷ײߡ
ʣһɽŶ֪ںδɣܳΪݵһڣԣҲκɻˣŲݵһţ
Щ˵ⲻ֪ǵЦ⾡Գ֮ɫ
Ҳֻɽڴʮ˵ע⣬ڴ֮СԼɢ֮ڵأʵԽǿλȻԽλҲûУ
ҲգϷɢ޵ķϣǾɣ
̾˿һɫйٱڿл£빫µĽ±һȦȦ֮СҲǡǡ¶ˡ
ڴҲ˲ΧаȦЩȦдС
ǸΧȦӷΧкܴϰ˵ĵطʱֻʮվС
ٰ̫
ɽڴһϲͬʱӹͬʱϳе
ʱˢˢ̫зء
빫±ѰһԪɽŶȥ߾еĴᣬϲ˾ᱻ˻˸ȦȦ
ӭ̫Լλǰѣ
΢΢Цݵ˵
ˣ
Ǹֻ̫΢һȭȻʮ˵Ĵӵ³ǰȥ
м䱾ʮ˿ĵ·ЩȴǺŵ߽߷׷˺ó
СɻǶడ֪ôʲô
̫ŵŸпһ仰ΧߴŭȴǸŭԡ
ǺǣˣߴᣬĿݣȻԽԽãϾΪµһɣðǰƣֵͼɢҲлμδᣬ˵ݵһɣ
ߵ˵һָˣΪֻ¶ڵΪԣʵ͵ߣΪûֵ֧ɢޣʱҲڴǿиλðˣ


1365 
ףɢ֮ҲòŮӣǳʶˡ
̫ŵźŹЦе񵱼ùʮֲˬ
ߣ
²һͷȥ̫ţȴ̫Цĸˡ
ӴС椻и԰ôŲ˳𣿡
̫űһ§һŮӣʱתȤԽԽЩ뽫ռе˼
ʱһͻȻĵţ԰꣬ٿĴᣬһΪأвСϴ󡣡
У£ʲô£
̫ŵȵߵ˺ƾźΪ
С椣˱Űɣ֤ˬ͸һԱߵС֪Ǹɨ˵Ļɫ
̫ŵźٺЦȻȥ
̫ſĪҪ̫ˣţ̫ţ
һͻȻȵϣһȵ̫һ
ţСֶʧˣĪҪ
̫æֹ˵ΪԷŵţԼǧܵ
Ů˺ɽ˻ˮҲѹ̲סҪ٩
ŵҲ̫ŵţڴʱҲ˸飬ֻҪŮ˺ɽ̫ŵű׽ãͲŵˡ
лţ
̫žϲ˵Լʹ˸ɫһ˶ʱǣȻɽ·ϵŹǰ
С椣ͷԺһоŵ
̫˵ֱȻ˸ƣ׼뿪
׼ӿųݵһɵŻôдᣬȴû뵽ɾȻСˣҲͶʧȥȤ
µıҲ⣬ʱֻ¶صЦȻδŭ
ҲЦ⣬С˶ŭ
ˣûУȻҹٰ̫ŲɱѾʴȵˣ죬̹ɽȥ
ŵǸȵ仰вȴû˵乫ֻΪŵʵ̫ǿ
һССĿŹҲ
Ц̵ò¶Ц⡣
ǰͷƣǲ̫ˣŵĹ׺ݣ˻治ߣҪҲȹɽȥ
˵µĻֻ߱ˣ仰㽫Ŷˣʹ졣
ǣɣݵú
ɫף߳ŭȴֲóȻɱˣϾԼֻŵһͼӡ
ĺãϷҲ̫ԵˣΪ޷ڣôҳΪµһɣ
ǸͻȻԮ⵹Щȡ
ңߵȴŵİʲôлӿ룬±
ţϿǸΣӣ
ߵ˾ʧȰ
λЩ߻ħ仰ȫ֮λԭ±š
˱ȭ˵
ǶЩŸ䵱µһϷȻһʲôཫȫɱˣѵܹסڿ𣿡
˴˵ɢʮǿ
ǿĵطСһȫ
ٰ̫Ц仰ǻϽ͡
ǣ
ϵĺȵ
ǿӣϷڻǣ
ͻȻǰ⵹빫²¶ı顣
ѵĺ⣬ҵˣССʲôҵȵǲ¡
Ц˵Χ𾪲ѡ
Բ˻ԭλãŭĳ޲һƽĵĲڡ

ȵڶԷ֮ʱ΢һ䣬߱㾪Ĵԭء
Ѫ˳ߵǷͬ˿УԪ֮循Ĵжݳ
Ԫ֮ݳָ֮һץԪ֮㾪ֵķ
ץסԪֻ֮һ׹һԪ֮徹ȻʧС
һбɱŵߣ˷׷׿ɵˣ̫ŵٰҲ㶵Ķ
̫ŵŸղſǵ㣬ھɱ
Ц˵
ɱţڿʲôЦݣ
̫ŵŴȵ
ʮͬʱν̫ŵҲγ˷ɽѾɳΪԸв
˲ʧʱ̫ŵŽû뵽Էʵôǿ
ֹ̫ţŵĸҲˣһʱ䶼ֻĿ̫ŵЩߵ¡
˲Ϣ֮Ѿصԭأץһˣ̫ŵٰ
ٰ̫£ѾһԲΣÿ˶¶ĿڵϣԪ֮Ҳûӳһ


1366 
ͬһУһбֻƿˣŵҲ¶ɬЦ⡣
Сӣղƺŵٸүŵԣ
һ̫ŵڣͬһֻһ㣬̫ŵٰ㱻ŵĻɢ嶶ͣͣȴĶûü
ѣĪҪ嶯̫ŵٰ
ŵŵ˵ȴټϣ˼ֹ
оΪˣʱΧ߷׷׺ˣԶˡ
ͷŵţ
ԶӰĵʵ
Ϸŵţкָ̣
ѾԼĪʮˣȥʱΧ߷׷ó·
̫ôүʧˣǸʲôȻҳΪµһɣⲻǳô
޼ɵЦŵ̫ŵٰںţȾСӣ
ӴƺĵģҪҲ̾ͷ㡣
٩˵
̫ŵٰͬһֻ˵Сè͵ζû뵽ֻڵ߻һɱԼȫ֣ңƺŵҲ
ĪҪ嶯
иѸٸ޿ֵ飬Խ͸Էʵ
ҿǷǳ嶯ģСһ㻹죬ҿҪˡ
̫ŵٰЦƻص֮ʱ뵱ݺγʱε緢
ŵҲ޷̽ңʵΪһﵽɺڵΪҪȫ̽Էʵֱ졣
ŵûз֮ʱҲֻܸŭԣԼĸɸ֣
ٰ̫Ѿ˲ֻ̫࣬ȱסԼǱԻȥ̬ţСųĻ쵰㾹ȻҺųµһţ㣬ͲƺţǸòȻαһ
¶һصЦ⣬ŵڵӿˣû뵽˸˶Ų
󵨣
ȿɲǸǵģĴɽźųݵһɣȻ˲ű˭űأ
һȣ㽫̫ŵٰŵĵ飬ղֻΪŵţʱȵԷǳʱв֪ԼܹȥҲ̫Ҳݳ
̫ݺųǰʮ̫ŵĵλɾҪԶˣʵȻǲ࣬δҲ̫ٿˡ
ſٰ쵰ʹٰŵġ
̫ŵٰһ뵽ʵǿźͻȻ㿪ڴ
꣬ĵ̫꣬ŵٰܵѹ֪µĴȴΪۡ
һ˿Ц⣬ʱҲ̫ܲŵٰˣ̫Ҳܲˡ
ŶСӣĵӿڱң׼ȥɣ
΢Ц˵ͻȻһƬ⣬̫ŵٰһĲҽУԪ֮嶼ûʱܣȻһǿҫѾΪҳԪ֮ҲѾʧ
һ֣ǺˣŵҲˣԭء
ͻȻŵ쳤ЦЦգŶȭ벻ֳ˸ǿߣ֮֮Ϸŷˣѡ
Ƶ˿ˣвգҲ
Ȼŵȴһɱ¾ϾΪҲʵ֮飬ҲԷµһڡ
ٰ̫ղŵĽƺѾˣԱһõĿʼ
֮أ˽ܵ飬Ӣ۱֮أ𣬲ηȨƣŭɱٰ̫ҲϷǰеຣ
Ƶ˼ʶ㣬ʱһһڿԷԡ
ȴϣıʮֻƽüëûһ£ֻЦƵˣȻ̫ŵٰȻû˵ƵʵαҲܹα˵زһǶԷƵѣ
ܶϷƫϷ򲢲⡣ʣʮȫʮ֮ˣϷΪµһţһеΪأ²ΪءԣȻ˶Ϸ⣬ϷҲ
Ƶ˲գȻЦݣݶⷬҲòĸɡ
޳ֵܵزһ˵ʲôأðɣƵԳµһţҶԴ˿ɲҹͬ
޼ɵ˵˷˴µһڵлΪ
һԪһݣΪµһڣⲻ֪ĵݣȴһԪڵɽŶҲԷµһڣٿݸɵĻ飬η


1367 
µƾģԣҲһԪΪλ˵͵ʱԼˣȻҪһѵһԪڵҫ
Ƶ¶΢Цʵк޵Ϊûһ˸ҵԼ˵ǰ֮Ī⣬ʲô˵ĳڣ÷ƵͼҲڼС
ݵһڣȻҲµһڣʣݵߴٰ֤Ϊƺ̫޴ˡ
Ƶһİ˵
ŵӷ׷׵ͷǣɵҲƵƵͷƺⷬŵϡ
ߣϷСӲ죡
Ƶѵ˫ȴӯЦ⣬ȻĻ൱ġ
Կ̸ԷڣŵӣȻ˵µһڣ޴˵
Ҳ̲ס˵
Ϸ̸ĪҪ죡ղϷ񣡡
ƵĹ֣֮ԣǾֹ²졣
Ƶ湷˵ͣᲢۣ˵Ļ˵Ļ
΢Ц˵ӵĻ÷ƵҲ̲סҪ쭣ڷǰѾŭԲɣɱ졣
ǺǣĪҪСңƵװǻƣվɲ˶㻹ǸϿ콫µһڵƹã򣬱СҲһš
֧֣µĻҲޱȣһ㣬΢Ц˵ץ
Ȼţһﵽʲôˣ
ƵץţʱɶԸղǰʹ˸ɫ
⣬ԵһŮ֮ȻҴԲѣѵ֪ʲô𣿡
Ƶ΢Цеû·ֻǽ˼Ķ֣ǹԼȥӦԡ
֮ڵĳɣƵѾãƽʱڱչٿµһڵĴᣬȴû뵽жİ˽֡
û˵ֻǶŹ΢΢ͷ˼ʩΪ󣬲ѵһ˵ȥˡ
Ů֮ôˣѵ㲻Ů֮ģĪҪСŮˣİ׳Ů֮Ҳ磡
¹Цⷴǰ굱汻ŭˡ
ŵļˣкãб뱾һս𣿱ٶҪݣ֪ʲôŽı¡
ȵǰҲʾ
ƵǹðƶԷһǶ԰ǳţԷ
һ̣Ĳͷ˰ɣߣȻҪѰ·Ǿɣ
ºˬ˵գգ۾˸
ƵˣȻôұ֤Ƕ֮ս𣿡
ûֻһǰ꣬б֪ԲǹµĶ֡
ÿÿ˼ҹڣƵеŭȴֲõŸɵǰֳǱֻֻܰҪ֣ϷȻ֣κҲ֣λ֮˿Ϊ֤
֪˴ǰǧ֮ڣЩߵʵҪţֻЩǷɢģԵԴſϷ⣬ЩŵɶԣʱͲù¿ԻʤȿԽѵ߸ϵţֿŵʵˣ˽Ա̬֧֡
ƵΪ˻ɵĴΪ֤ߣЩҲ˸Ե
һǰΪսֳ⵹˶δԤϵġ
λóλãҪ֪ŵʵ
깰˵
ΧóмλãǸһѾм֮һָ£б¾Ӧսٹ򣡡
ߣ
Ļ빫µͬʱʧԭأ˵ٶȺ֮죬һգ۲һط֡
Ѿ˳룬ѾȺ֮䣬ȺҲ׷ɢΪ㹻λá
ףȻߣ
Ƶϸ£ڵóۣʵѾв߿ʼʹרԹ£׷׷˹µݡ
Ϸл˵֮أȻǱߣ߾Ȼţλ𣿡
Ƶָ˵ⷬһ˲˵
Ȼߣ
˾ʵ
εִ˴ģΪһ߸Ҵţǲʲôı
Ѱ˼
ɱߣ
˾Ȼۿ⼸ԷΪͬʱ⵱׳ޱȣҲܵӰ죬ǣ΢Цıе̹Ȼࡣ


1368 
ƵһԵȼ˵ĵ⣬ɱڴ˿Խѵ¸߸ϵţϣȴͬʱѡһӪ
߽ߣͬΪ׷󡮴ΪЩ˻˵ִߣѵҪ棬߱㲻𣿡
ɰţһ뵽ԼҲǸߣвΪȺ鼤ܵĳоı
Ƶ߽ţδĳ裬磬ҵһˣѪԸŹͬݵ棬ԲΪΪ
ǹ֤˵ı¹ȳͻȻ˵ⷬɵĹ
ӥԸŹˣݵߡ
컪ԸŹˣݵߣ
Ⱥ鼤ܣƬ̵Ĺ˶ԳӵĿŹ
վ룬ߵķŭùµĻˡ
ʱҲᵽ֮ĵжԣݣжΪԣȻɽռƣֻݵħҲɽĶ֡
Ⱥ鼤У֪˭Ѿȼ˷ɽǣˢˢˢķɽڶ˲Ҫ׷׽ɱ£ҲͬǿԹ
С죡
лͻȻһȣһþȫ˾˵Ч
ڹ°ĺУȫ˲䰲һȻŭӹ¡
߾ôҪΪʲôҪߣѵ߾ͲӦô磿
⣬˼ȴ͵ĴһЦЦù¾Լ˵Ĺ
ڴʱҲûԤϵֽһԪڵҲ뱨ˣΪһԪںγߣ
ºȻѾס棬Ѿ಻סеĳ嶯ˣɱȫۡ
ಣ
ҲЩŭˣһն콣ڿлһҫĽɫȦһ֮£߲ҽűɱ
һ֮䣬ٹǧĽ£Уŵ࣬Ҳаϵ
һ˵עһ˰Ե߷׷Ķ
ԭڹϵעȫˣʱ²Ÿо˲٣ûôӵĿ⡣
ŵҲãɵҲգˣǶ˵ս˭ҪǸҲ֣ٶҪȡߣ֮һ仰˭ҪǸҼٱ֮ɱߡ
һֳֽɽƮЩղŻȺ鼤ܵĳͻȻʮ֮ѹ֡
ղһȴ֣˸Ϊʵǿ󵽲˼飬ƵҲЩ
ôǿˣ˭أ׻˭أѵǴ˵еһԪڵӣ
Ƶɰ뵽
ǳʲôɣ
ƵЩʵȻ˵ɢޣȴһҲš
һԪŵӣ
һ˼ûԼݣѾﵽڵΪη壬ԼˣʲôܱԼݡ
һһԪʱͻȻּĸоⷬȴγ˸ǿĺ䶯Ч
ȻһԪڵģ
ʵôǿôܻŵأܣ
һԪڵŵӱôǿҲ̫˰ɣϷǾԲŵģ
۷׷ף׷׶ĻʾɣȴһԪڵӣΪУҲֻһԪڵӸĿŵĴš
һԪڵģүô죡
ƵͻȻЩٿµһڴᣬб֪һԪڵ飬ڳɽֻ֪ΪһԪڵʮϡ٣һԪֺٲɵĴᣬԣ˽ǱʶһԪڵĴڡ
˵Ӱ
һԪڼݣȴȻڸǿãԣ˵һԪڡʱڳ˽пЩԳʮɵߣʱﻹҵ
ը˵һ㣬֮ȫִģһļžڳˡ
ʱ˿̣û˵ֻǴ۵СۣĿԼЩɵϡ
һŵܹγ˺䶯ЧҲΪһԪڸеԺ
һԪҲԨԴ˵ҲһԪĹŵӡ
빫¸˵϶һصЦ⣬Ц𺳡
һĳһֱƬ̣빫ĿƺĿ⡣
űʱȴŵһһԺ˵ĿԼϡ
ʱƵɫһƬ࣬˵ĿѸٵǺ죬ֱ仯Ϊɫ


1369 
ԭɷͻȻڴʱı䣬˫˫ͻȻڴʱͣѸٵ̣һĨƤЦⲻЦЦѾϡ
Ƶɿ֮ԳЦЦϵı仯һЦͻȻ⽴ɫϣ˲òƵı仯Ī⡣
Ϸû뵽δᾹȻһԪڵĵӲμӣ֪һԪڻ˲μδᣬϷԲԳƵһڣ
ƵЦȴǱϹϾ̬ȣȻҾȴѾ൱ˣϾƵŵ
ƵǸͽһԪǵһɶ˰ɣǱǰǺ⵱µһڵ
Цͼ̬ﲻ֪Ƶʲôɫ
ǧᣡϷһԪĽֻҪһԪڵӲμӴ˴λ飬ϷԸ⽫µһڵλùá
ƵѾע⣬Σ򲻿ɵһԪڡ
ãƵƺ˵˰ɣһԪµһڵĵλҪŹЦ
̲ס
ǣǣ˵ǣһԪµһڣҪŹãϷ˵ˣԭ£
ƵϹһЦ⣬ʹֺˡ
ֻһԪ֮ݵĸɵ߱ԱŵĻɪɪЩɵߣΨֻᱻ鷳һ仰Ҳ˵
ţм֮һ£Ƕ̬ȣҲ᲻ѵǵȤ
Ƶôʱūһ㣬ϥѵ𣿡
̵Ϭ˻һƵʱȫޣŭ֮ǶԷһԪڵӣԼͷˡ
ֻ̣ͣͲܱȫţ
ƵаԽп࣬ͻû˵ĻȻһЦ
ҡҡͷĵǷƵһۣл治֪˵ʲôźˣԷȻԼ˳¶쭣ֻ˵Է̫ˡ
±Ѿսȴû뵽ЩһԪڵǰѾ类˵Ƿζޱȡ
Сӣ㻹ҪͱС𣿡
ķɽˣȻ˵
ǸȴǲֻΪѾѡЭԼΥ˼еĺƺǳء
ѼһԪڵӣȻӵǿı¾Ҳ޵ղŶе֮Ѽ£
ѾʹɫֻεЭԷ
û˼һȺСȻҲԳµһţҲ̫Цˡ
̾ϢЦųȥΧ׷ÿ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôźˣЩ˾ȻûУԼĻѾ˵Ǹˣû˸ӭսеսҲΡ
ݵҵ̫ʧˣһȺ󱲣θҳ
жŻвٳɼ˵һӶ
ƵЦǺǣȴڵѪǰԼƢӦúͶԷսһˣȻΪŵţ±ԴΪأҲ÷Ƶòȥ
ѵǣһ̻壬ԲҼݳӴԺžԲԳݵһڣԳµһڣģ
Ƶע⣬Ǿ֣۶ԷôӣƣԼǲ̣ɱȫŵĴڡ
ƵΪ֮ٿûʱڴīˣǣ
˵Ȼǣµ֣ͻȻա
в˽ƣ½⿪ƣ
Ƶ󾪵ΨƵӶûǨŭš
빫µʵƵ˿־壬־ıȻһԪڵǿܣһһԪڣɱҲֻ˲֮¡
ݣʮɼѾڣЩԭֻһǱһԪڣԣݸһ¸ǺһԪڵĴڣһˣȴֲ˵֣һԪڵĵҲΣ߽Ҳ㱨Լҵš
ŵɽ˷ƵͬиֹͬµĽƣ֮ǿЦݣ˲Żᵣ˱ǽƵ¡
ȻһԶԶƵ֮⣬Է˾Ȼһӿʧ
ȵٴγֺȥѾ͸ŵɽŽƣʵŵķƵվ塣
λǰߣ
ƵԶ˵ĳƺѾȫıˣԽ²ѡ
ĿʧڿУڴ֮󣬷Ƶų̾һ
ƵղŵıֿϷ۽磡һԪƴ󣬿ɷƵҲڱֵ˱ϥɣϷ̫ʧˣ
һձ߷Ц˫žâǸǺųЦ⡣
ǰҲ̫ҵȵˣһԪʹǿ󣬷ƵҲɣ
˳
һᣬѾ䳰ȷƵ÷Ƶŭɽߣȴ΢΢һЦЦ


1370 
Ƶָֻ󣬸ղЩ֮Ҳ̫ˣϾȥһԪ⣬Ƶ޿䡣
λ֪ղһԪڵ˳ֵʱǵȥˣһԪڵӦҲ֪š˭ҪǲηһԪڣǾбԷµһڣǸ𣿡
Ƶڿʼˣһʣøղŵ˱졣
˱ֻǳѿ֮侮ʯѣڼƵʼˣ˷׷׵ͷǡ
һȺСˣ
ƵаȻŸɵߵɢδᣬһƬȻȴֲòȥ
ݵɻ֣ǸƵȥҴ۽簡
һƲЦ
С̣ҴıĪҪСݵߡкܶ飬ֻǱѡŸٿɴᣬѵֻһ㵨ɫ룬ǲʮֿɣ
ŵƵ֪һԪݵ֮ΪλҪٿµһڵĴأⲻǶһԪڵ
У㱨֮Ϊλ޷㱰ϥݼܺãݵʮֱ棡ֻҪϸһҲ̫ˡǸһŴΪأôٿµһڵĴ
νɵذһо޴ıεżȻ
Ȼ˵˫˸ǻ۵Ĺâһ˵Ҳʼ
ǰɣʲôıأѵһԪڵıΪβֱɱŵǿֱӻǵı𣿡
ɻʵ
Ǻǣʲôıҵǲ֪ǣ鲻ʲôЧû´ŵķƵһ߷ѣɱҲɱ
ĪЦ
ȻǷôܣԷµһڣôһɱķΪҪô½ϾֻҪﲻŵɷֻжǿأ
¾ʵ
⣬ÿɷЦЦȴǰԾ裬ϾݣΪʵǿҲԲɵġ
һ̬ЩͬˣǰЩ΢ĸҲѾɢΣΪˡ
һɣղ˽ǻ󣡡
ͻȻ£ù²ɾĿɿڴ
Ͽ֮ǰңŷ߽˽С
ӴСӾȻϿˣ
ң΢ЦȻȻͬèƵģ̵ͷ
һҧʮ²
Ȼң£µ㣬ޣҲ޵㡣
ңĸպȻλ֪ǸԼţȻޱȣܾձһ綼ñ쬵ģҶһ¡
ܺãҪСתӣֻҪңҵ
ңΣ飬ʱܹγС͵磬ѾӵܶƷ
ֻܵĻڼƪңγ磬ⲻļ֮һ
һﵽƷϵľʱӵܹü۵ӵڿܹͣҲӵļɡ
ңﵽƷµľ磬ǳߣΪܣ֪ӵܵĺôңϿδ󲿷ʱ䶼ǿϰϡ
ŷ֪˰༶ֹĴţʼٸң󣬰ĶˣϿҲõˡ
ಣ
һȴͻȻĹϣڴӱߵһѧ̱ŵɫҰףһ
һβʦ󲽳˹ѧϿΣҪӰˣʲô
ǸѧָŴ˵ʦղûԼˡ
ҪΨ壡ϣΪзԭΨ֤ǣΨģǵһԵġ´ٸҹУ͵̵ң÷ŭ˵
Ǹѧίĵͷȴ޵ֱҧʦȻԼղǴԶϵġ
ң˫ۣһǸԼ鷳ʦЦһǴͻȻԶˡ
ʱ÷ڽΨۣǴͻȻ򿪣ŵ÷˫һ¡
ʦô˵ûɣԶ򿪵ġǸѧ֤ݣ˵
׳գǷԭûѧðɣýƱˣ¿κȥ̵칫ң÷ǸѧĻᡣ
ʦ̫ģԼйϵһ˽̵ΣǸѧŭˣԼҲеϵȴԶԶ÷
ʦ̫ң鷳ңҵȻϿ˯
ʦ̫žͲˬ´ëˣҵҪ֪ôģ
ңа
ʱ÷óңھЦôˣ˯ˣӣŵСͲѧϰʱô죡
ңе㲻ˬȴ΢Цɫңŵ˶Լϴ


1371 
裡ң³֣
ʲô裡гĹӶҵĿ˯ȻҶײң÷ŭˣԼһһ࣬һƽ༶ص࣬ԼǰȻѵң
÷Ķʡǳ鳤ۺڰ׶˭ҲԼӣȻϰּԼҲͿġ
ˣ÷ųѧԺĺʦ֮һš
ʦΪ椣÷ʦΪ;ò˶ãͻίι٣÷ڲŶʮ꣬νǰ;
ԣˣҿɲ㣬Ҳ£ֲ׼٣
ңܵżصЦ⡣
ˣһаˣHӵٴȨƣҲҪס㣡÷һѽеĿαصңϣ
ȻаϲңʱеӻعͷȻȴװһ֮ɫ
ңŵϴʦ̫ˣǴϷ˶˶ˡ
÷ŭ壬ƾˣң΢Ц̨Ҳһѽ÷ԼϵĿαӵϣȻеĲϼš
ѧԺûйֱӶԿʦ̫ȻżĹϵƹʦ̫Ըʦ̫Ǹ
ңˣôקҲ治ٳϵϰֶ׵ӵſЦ
Ȼеһ⣬ϾͲزסϲɫ
㿴ʲôĲ˳ʺ
ңʦ̫ͬʱȻЦ
ȻȻһԵתͷȥ
󣿡
д󾪣޷Ʋбƽ⣬оǾ֮ɫ
еľâһţ϶ĵͷ
һʱ֮仹ûס󡯵˼ģҸȫĵط
ǣѸٵĽ·һɽȣɽУ¾ŵơ
ˣʱӦǰȫģѵûзŵĹ֮𣿡
һ΢Цʵ
Ц£µͻȻ˲٣Ϊڣ㲻κεѡ
ľҲ֪ʱڹµ˸֮¿ϵ΢ЦбѾ
Ҳ֪ڴ֮ǰҴûݡ֪ģ׵ҲݣݶҶȫǸİĵطֻжλ常ݣǹݵ֪ʶҲǴЩôϻɳĮ˿е֪ȴҲûԵִݡ
Щã˵
ݵ߻𣿡
ʵ
ӦòڰɣžۼߣôһԪڵűһԲأȷʵʮֿɣ
»شͷ̲סʵ˵ġôأĪ㻳Ǵڵʵԣ
صһЦŽ͵ղţɱ˲ߣץǵԪ֮壡ЩԪ֮ʱͻȻǵԪ֮в߱ңЩԪ֮ļҲʮޣǾǴǳ֮ļ䡣
֮⣬ͷŵġѪ䡯ѾȫʧȥϵҽŵɽͷʱֻȥġѪ䡯ͬҲǻΪġѪ䡯
ûԪ֮壬ȱټԪ֮壬ڵġѪ䡯⵽˵ʲô
૵˵
׼ػͻȻһץסĸ첲ϳֳ֮ɫȵסĸ첲һһжǼٵĶûϵֻҪʵģҪġ
ҵȻʵģҴӦʦҪúչģģҲ˭ںǿЦǹⲻôҵһԪڡ
ɵ˵
˿Цֻ˭أ
²ʵ
˭ӦõĶûжģһ㣬ܹоˣҲһԪڵǰ֣
ЦЦ˵˵Ϊһ֮ϣڿռҪǿϲ١Ҳ̫ļˣڴź˶ԷõĻþ֮СǻûɵģΧ֮ҲӦõĲǣ
Ŷǽôأô뿪ط
ЦʵҲķˣһ˭Ҳ£
ҵĲ²ȷģôűǸ֤˴Ƿǻþȥԭ·أҲŵõϢ
ϵЦЩĪ⣬µҲŵЦ⡣
⿪ΧĽƺ󣬶ԭ·أñ㵽ŵɽ¡
ɽ֮ʱ˲żһɽٶȣŵɽȻԸɵ߿ţʱ߸ϸŵɽš
Ȼ⣡
аעĹ۲Χ龰
ɽ֮ʱȻе߾Ȼ˵һɽʱλñһǰǸɱߴʱվڴɽڴ


1372 
ߺˣѵ֪ݵһ𣿡
ߵȵ
һεμһģһͬǣѾ׼
û´ɣǺǣȻֻǻþҾ˵ټݣôʣЩأ
ЦЦΧĪ
󵨵СӣȻҰ
ߵȵ
ػȴȻ΢΢һЦŹµֳǰȥ
߼Ⱦŭ׼˵ʱȴֶԷѾˡ

һߺһȴ·
Χ۷׷ףȴͬûһͻȻڵҪоǧĪҪǵʵˣƳãӶƳþ
Ŷˣ
µȻһȥΧһУʱߵȴʼģе㲻ʵ
ߵУȴӶδֱǣŹµһ·С
Ҫȥ
ʵ
Ҹһλ£
Ļشù²ɵ΢һ㱣ΧߵӰԽˡ
ٵģǼٵģǶǼٵģ
²߶ΧҲʱʱģȴһֱɢȥ
Ƭʱ䣬˲ŵִм䲿ֵһ̨̨֮ʮλʮ֮ϡ
˵ִ΢΢һЦȵһԪڵڴˣȻλ
һȺ󣬹±˵ŵʮ˷׷뿪λȻվɶš
ʱ̩Ȼмϣ˫Ҳ˺صʯϡ
Ҳ֪Ҫʲôȴûκεԥܿλϡ
֪һԪǰݹ٣ϷʧԶӭǰˡ
Ƶ˵ȻҲԱɣ
·ԼһСı㿴Щˣǵʮ֮
һƿαϣ·߽·ۼţһ
㿴ĵЩ𣿡
ĵʵ
ΪѲͣľΪȴǻдֻþȻҪ񣬱ľƽרעʶƻ㰴˵ԣľƽܱͣκ˵Ĵڣ
˵ƽùЩȻ
ѵľΪô󣿲ҲţһҪľƽͣƳΧǧ󣡡
µͷа뵽
ȹ¼оʱΧĻģ֣ǾʧȴźܴĲࡣ
ڹľ֮ʱȴѰĻ֮ˡ
ľһľֵʮ֮ǿ󣬾ڷţϸ̨ҲΧߴڵļ
ƳþطʵһɽҲͬһ
ŵĴ֮Уʵϣǰϰ˷ʢˮƴ̡
ȻټĴȴǾĵģһҲڣʱĳ
ҪѰĻ֮ˣѶȲС
аû뵽Լƽľ£ǰȫˡ
ܹ˹ģĻв²Ļ֮˱ضڸпܵıǻЩУԼľ㹻ǿʱȴĻ֮ҲˣЩźĵط
µľľͲ˲һְ֣ľͬʱΧĻһֱģȴʧźңԶľ롣
˽ŬƳ󣬽Ҳͬȴ˳ϵŬ
ΪߣһӽҪΪǿŬ˴˷þʵҲһ֡
ľﵽ˿ĵزһתǰٴη˱仯ָŵĺΰ
һνǰŵķƵ֮ߵľҲֱֳΡ
ϴŵЦ⣬͵ֱʮ˵ͣ˶ݵʱ䣬δк쳣֮
˵ֳǰ˸Աžȣη壬УصܿܿУһֶصӽǧˡ
·̫֮࣬ҲԷֱĻ֮ˣǿľ⣬ҪֱԼǿĹ۲
һ׼ٿµһڵĴᣬͻȻһԪڵĶλ֮ͣˣЩ߶һԪڵη壬ԸԱֳָ̬иָӵĻ
ͻȻǷƵһ߰һĬԵȴǱֵķḻʡ
׼ֱĻ֮ˣʱ˰ֱֻ̬֫档
˼žҪѰĻ֮˵ѶȴǱ˳ѵķƵ
ƵѣĿ⣬ǱͷȥԵЩ޴롣


1373 
һ۹£ȴѾʮ֮ƽ΢΢̣һ˿޵Ц⣬ƺڻþ֮УľѾ˼
ĪҪʹɱ¾ֶΣߣȫɱ˲ҳĻ֮ˣ
ͷַ˼򵥱ҳĻ֮ˣҲ̫СĻ֮µĻþˡ
᲻ѾµҲɱ¾Բõأ
뵽Щɣ˼һ󣬻Ƿɱ¾ҳĻ֮˵뷨
ĿȺзٵɨ裬ڼ֮˵ͣʱӶ࣬ǸǳԼߣ̫ŵٰǸֱԵˣƵİ꣬ŵƵȵȡ
ϸӺҲֻܽЩ˶Ϊ֮ˣȴܿ϶˭Ļ֮ˡ
һҺʲô
뵽ľٴη˱仯ǣΧߵοʼģģĹУҲ۾
ƾʶȻԸ֪Щģߣ۾ȥ۲ΪЧ
ԽԺ£ڷһͬѰı仯ǸξȻģıΧ֮ҪһЩ
˫ͻȻʱ˵оȻ¶һĨصЦ⡣
ѵ
аʱȴѹ˵֪˭ڲͬˡ
˳ŹµȥĿȻˣӶˣеЦȴԽˡ
˼𣿡
ʵȻ󵭶ľҪԼκһˣ֤ľķȻǱǸĻ֮˲һ
һµͷͻȻ¶֮ɫղŵЦ˾޴ת䡣
ٺ٣һҳĻ֮˵ģ
аЦˣ¶صЦ⣬д󾪣Ȼͷ
ģ״һٴľһΣΧȫʧˣǳȴû˿ı䡣
ͻȻ뿪λ˫֣Ծǰʯ̨
һױȵİɢѸٵĳΧɢȥ
̱Ӱˣ屾ܵĲһ£ŵȴδ
ֻɢһ˲䣬ȻʧڴʱҲʧڿС

²д󾪣û뵽Ҳϵľѧ
ϵԪ֮壬ȻŹڡҲѾȻġ
£˽𾪵ӶˣóߣʱҲ޷
ġѾᣬȻԼΧһ֮Լȴ޾죬ϵġҲѶá
֮ʶѾΧĿϣʱһʮ֮΢ȴҲĲ׽ˡ
ľ߸ֳԼǰ΢СѾĿꡣ
Ȼߴ󲿷ǻôǵ㲻ӰΧĿԴۣ֮Ļ֮˲֮
ԭˣȻˣ
аǸˣѾ̽ǻþ֮ˣһǸ۵ձߣһǸ̨֮ϵķƵ
ʧ֮󣬹µľѾٴˣȻһ˵Ĵڡ
ಣ
γڹʱ²¶ϲɫ
ˣˣǺˣΪҪҶʩչþ
ʵ
֪ʱҪһѾЩʵǱֹͣľĿˡ
װɵˣʱͻȻһķɽ
ǾҺ۸ǾԷһ޴Ĵеķɽǻֻعġ
ˣɱ⽥ɢ
˷ɽµҲɽαضô磬ֱɱ
ǹ˵ģȴݵʮֱ棬Ҳα
˻ûü˵ȴһȻǷƵǰ
ƵܵҪˣȴٶȿ죬㱻һ˲䡣
ǰĲ֪һԪʵڵɣ򣬾һӣҲԳµһڣ
ƵٵĵһĿ־֮ɫϵıҲЩţܵĳʵ뷨
ո˵󣬾ȻԷֱҵķɽһԣҵΪѣ
ЦȻطɽǷƵһ䣬һӴ㽫ƵӡС
˲ŭЦȻֵȻûϷʧȻʤϷΪοȻܱ㿴Ϸɷ


1374 
»ȻԭֹʵģƵҲ˵ķ
Ҳ̫С˰ɣҸ壬ѵһŭ֮ķ
䣬Ѿʧȴд󺧣ĪҪ嶯ϷҲһԪ֮ˡ
˵ͻȻѾԼǰԼٴܶԷӡ
ҹʲôˣұҪܵͷ
Цһ˳һӣֱ˷Ƶߡ
ƵƿЦȴö¶֮ɫ
Աʶƣ尲Ҳ
ⲽص˸̨֮ϣȻһӣ档
ϷǱ壡
˸˵ȴ޷
Ѱ·
ԣһϮƵˣһƺһŰɫ˶˵Ρ
ӵĵӹȻڲͬðɣϷıȷʵУб±Ѱɣ
˾ȻֵĻ棬Ȼ˵
㿴ǸձûĻ֮˵ı壡
Цαװļ޷ձߣ˵
Ŷԭ
¾ȵ˵и֪ηֱġ
ȴ˵еĸΪ£
ձ߹Ц󷢳һžĹ徹ȻֱͦǰձȻʧ
ѹˣʾݣ򣬵ѵĶ߷ɾҪ㱣סˡ
Ȼ˵ǿš
ˣϷˣձ֣Ϸʦ棡
߹Цһĵ顣
˵ƾó֤
аԳԾȴȻ˵
Ц⣬ӹȥһҫƣϿһԪڵš
δǽɫƣǸշĹ۲һѾֳһ˿Ц֮ɫ
ӦģҼǵøҲһƣ
ϲ˵ɫܹ֤ݣôԷǶ˵ʦɡ
ͷȫʶɫ֮ϣǵЦԽԡ
һץ󣬽ɫѾУȻȴǿҲֱˤ˵ϡ
·ϣʦ
߾ŭ
Ҳ𻰣һ֣еİɫѾջڣʱǷƵ˵Ҳͬʱߵзȥ
Է˺֮ЦһԪڵʦ漶ĸ֣ȡԼ֤ݣ
ȻҲɴ۾û뵽ȻڻɶԷݡ
Ĺ̥Ϸʲô취֤ݣ
Ц
ǣҪ֤ҲŪðҲ̫Եûˡ
ٺЦѾȷ˶ԷԼĵˣȻȴҲŶԷԼʦүݡ
ףοǼٵģѵľΪȻҪϷ򣿡
߾ɵоһ鵱Ǵջ
ļٲˣٵ治ˣͬþټ٣ټ棬ǣԶģЩٵĶչ޷ӹҵ۾
˵жߵûκεĵ⡣
Ӱӣʦ嵱㣬Ϊ̫Ϊӱ㻹Ҫ
ߵٴα仯Ȼ仯Ϊһͷ׷Ĳģͷòۣӣĸߴ⣬濴κεĸַ緶
һõùӣһһҲĹӣּһ룬ǾһѵϽлӵ
еĹڿзţȻ¶һЦ⣬һһϸ̨
鲻ԽվȻ̬еĿϣһĵЦ⣬ƺںһ߹
ʮ֮ڣͬߵ͵ϮǽʮڴʱѾ˷ɽЦеȣӶԷĴڡ
ߵ̬ƺʮƣһϸ̨ȻѾʮɷΧڣйչһӣһӱ㵽¡
СӣʦûϷ𣿡
һЦȻ¶һڽѩݣ˫ۼҪгһ죬徹ȻµĻζ
ѣ㲻֤ݣǲὫ㵱гģ
Ҳ۾ЦеǾǰ֮ȤӦһԪӵйŹֱԵĹˣǲǸ֣һ㣬ǿ
ҲٺЦеĹڿе˶£һռӰڶǰ
УȻ⸱̣ģ·ȴһӢӣʱӢһ࣬·
Сӣ˵һ츳ĵӣǲǣ
߶ʵ
ʦ壬¸մݻȷʵһ츳ĵӣ
ӹĹ˵ҲЩûӡ
Сӽʲô֣֪ʦһԣյĵûϣһԪڵţ


1375 
ž˵
ӾȻһϲģֵʦ壬µȻʦͽһԣʦܰæ´һϴóԵĻ
ЩУСԣ㽫ͽܵʦ壬УʦҪͽܵࡣ
߹ϵ˵ȴһЦ⣬ȴһҲһĹޱȡ
Щˣû뵽ʦԼĿеȫˣʦʵôϽл˹أ
߲δӰ꣬ǻŹӽǻˣͷϵ
ĿߣѾȷ˶Էӵʦ壬ôԼʦˣûʲôʡ
ôСӻϷݣ
Щŭ˵һץһƳУֻһεʵڵģ֤ߵݡ
µѾ֪ԼʾˣϾԷԼĳ
ͻȻ˫ֱȭȻ΢ЦߣҲͬˣ
㣩μʦ棡ǰʲôĵ֮ʦ濴ʦϣĪҪС
븡ͬʱ˵
ҪϷʦˣСӣϷͬèϷǺþòˡ
ͻȻ¶һЦȻŹ˵߾ȻҲԳһԪڵĵӣСڿɺã
ʦ壬ЩӦѾϻһԪˡ
ƤʱҲӣΪԷʦһǰ
ʲô飿
ʳ⻰ʱϾȻԵЩ⵹ùижȴЩɻˣʦôôأἰʦӣȴǰ۸ɡ
˵Ϊ˱ǲ˵ģĴϵɱ塣
ʵش
ʲôɱ壬ϷҪǸĴۣ
ͻȻŭˣһɾƴɢ֮ǿ󣬾Ҳд󾪣Ϊ֮ǿԼ֮¡
빫ʱߵҲѸٵ˻૵壬ϣ壬ϣ
߶֮ԭǵ˫ͻȻ峺ޱȣһݵгֳ
ʱȴһ۲գĶ¶Ծı飬գ飬ȴһĸ⵹жȻһɺ⡣
ɱ˴ϣԪ֮壬ΪԪ֮ʮǿڶûȫԷԪ֮ԣ߶ԼĸʱܵĸоΣ뺮⡣
Сӣǿ󣬾ȻѾ˺˸ˣˣҲһ٣ϷͲǿгͷˡ
ҡͷ̾
ô棡
ʱԽ͸̣ʦˣǱ¶Ц⣬ͷһӡ
ƺƢͦ󣬼ûɵһٺ⵹ùаԲΪ׵ôȫأ
ǲ嶯һףתһ룬ʦǰҲϹϾģԼҲºܵʦ֡
֣η壬ֻǲԸŭΪһֱǷǳмӵģûԼĽ졣
ǣѡӾԲѡȻ񾭣ȻͷżƳһߣȻĵͷ¶һ޹εı顣
ǰ¶ϣˣɲΧһ
֮ã¼Ҫ⣬ȴûл죬Ϊߵ͸ûͣٹһġ
ϴ̬Ⱥõĳ棬ʱ˵ʦ棬֪
ʦ棬Ҵˣ
ʦ棬ʦ濴ʦϸҸᣡ
Щ¶˵ģ߱һʱģǿ̬ôͺãǱһ˳Ϸˡ
ˣСӶϷǿչǸͷϷҲ̫ˣ˵һƢҲϷһ壬Ϸôûأ
аֹͣСӣξôˣҪ´ΣϷǵ
лʦ飡
һָ̻ͣȻ󹧾Ĺ˵
֪ܸģĪɣСӣʦ̬ȻҪãʦΪο
ôãҲһЩͷԲŸ˵
ߵƢͬòƲ㣬ղŻƹʱѾɰʣһЦ⣬ǰΪ֮ŭ顣
ʦ˼ҿſ澫һ統Ƿ豹棬⾳ɣɴʦһһԪأʵǿĳ֡
ѾûκЦ⣬ı飬֮ʱĹ̬¶ɣҲ㲻ôͬһƵġ


1376 
ȻⷬںͻȻŭһķŭ˫оȻɢɱ⣬ЦСӣʦƨɣ
Ȼȥ޾ߵıŭ΢΢һ̣¶˵һĨЦ⣬̹Ȼ˵ʦϢŭижҪʦƨʦ죡
ߣ˵ƨʦ飬òȴ˵ʦ淵豹棬⾳ɣѵⲻƨ𣿡
ߵŭδ
ʦ治е񾭲ɣƨҲôŭɣ
аȴǽ͵ʦ⾳ʹﵽ˻Ȼɵľ磬һġ˸˵ʦ飬òǾ̫ûʶˣΪʦ⸱УϬĺ룬ôԸԡ
ʦ¸Ȼеľ׽ȻȻľڡ֮ʦһҲᱻǣֻܹЩ˲ͣ
ΪʦӢʲʦȣȴ˼ѣ˼ָԡ
͵Цû뵽ʦ˵ôãԼôʦѰԵУȴֻܴƢѡ
ʼһԲ粻˵֮ͻȻ̲סЦ

һЦٴ¶Ц⣬ֻȻȴ峺͸
㿴һӣŽһá֣˫Ļƣ
ǧ򴩣ƨƢԹŹֵгҲǣҲǣǺһ£ȫ
аЦѾµԷԼƨĵκġ
Сӣʦôãڵȵ֪ˣСӲûƨϷװȷȻγɣĿΪУʦǸˣϲŭ֣⡣һαʦĸԣʦʮο
Уʦ͵͵㣬һԪڣʦǷǳģҪ˭۸㣬ʦһѵȻһ۸㣬ʦǲܵġ
ƺ˵ʮдù²ʮֻɣ̣ͬ˵ô
ʦȻˣʦ棬ʮĸʱƣµʦʹһΪֻΪʦˡ
ȴн֮кζʦĳݣһԪ츳ĵӣˣ߾Ȼڼ˵ʱڱøд
ܹ֪һ£ʦǡضƣΣһͬɣ
ãһϱͻȻһ̳ƣֵǣ̳Ӳ󣬱̳ҪСһңһ̳ơ
΢΢һЦʱͻȻ˶ֻ룬Ӵӿġ
ʱѾ֪طѾǻþôˣӦĶϻɳĮƵĵԲܽǾ̳ôͻȻ֡
СӣҪСʦƣ𿴽һ̳ȴɽƣʮĳʮ꣬ͨƵľƣ֮ʮ꣬Ҳ㹻㴼ˡ
߶Ǿ̳ӣƺһ˵üı顣
ʦĪڴţʮʱ䣬ɽľƣδ̫˼ˣ
˵̽ʦĵߡ
˸ɣͷˣȴΪԵԣ߽ǵһۣȻЦŽ͵СӲţʦҲţأȴûлȵʦƷɾƣֹҲûȣ

Ӧһ׼ʦ˵ȥеʮš
ˣɾƣǲˣ
˵䣬ϵȴѾʧǶȥûʧ
˷ѱ飡Сͷ
аȴأȡ̳ƣһ룬Цðɣͺʦĵڶذɣƣӣɶȹ
ʦ治᲻ðɣ
ŷ̵
ҲҲһһ̳ʦľƣ֤ʮ꣬꣡
ߴ˻һ빫²ɶһۣҪǺʮ꣬ǿЩ
ǻǱ˰ɣǲҪŸһԪ𣿡
Ȱ
ߣСѾͷʦԣʲôҪ£Ƚƺˣ
ߴŭɢǿɱùԤУҲоһ˲䣬ʦǿԼ޷ֵĵز
֣Եĸֻ֣ĸУǾ޽ǿһ
д󾪣Ҳֳ֮ɫ
ˣͿˣŮʦôô׵ģ
һţȻ˸Ц⣺㣬ʦƢ̫ˣɱʦˣҲһ̳ɣʮģһգ۾͹ȥˡ
ʦˣĸʦ
µ˵


1377 
ŹºٺһЦʾơ
׺ȲȣɻȴһЦ⡣
ʦʢ룬ҪǲȣⲻһսǣҪЩʵˣǸӣˣʮ꣬Ͼ˵ʮҲһգ۵顣
뵽һȥ̳ӣʱһݵ㴼ζӡ
ʦ棬þۣ
͵Ļƺȵߵ϶ԺЦ⣬Ȼĵͷ
ԴȾƣֻһ룬ʱһӴӿڣ˲ѣ֮Уǿѹ£ǿһ˿ѡ
Ҫֲסˣеǿ󡣡
˵л״
˹
ѵղֻǳһСڣǾƣǺ
㵱ϥһƴ߲¶ʧı飬ҡҡͷ̾һ
ʦĪҪãʦȾƣ
Цһƣžգߴϲæ룬űһڶ
һͬʱڵġѾȫʼתµڵ֮תһǿ壬һ棬һ
һںȾƵͬʱ൱ͬʱڽһܵõȾƵĿУֶΪأ
һ¶ǣ治ɫҲһͣ⵹߶һӡ
лõߵҲҪʵģǡãо츳ǿʵͶãˣ߲Żо֮
СӣþҪǿ̫ˣҲǺһҪˣʦһ̳ŵ£֪ǷԳʦʦڴ
ЩЦһҲԼ뷨
ϲʦȻƢһ㣬ȴǸˣԼǱȽͶԵģ٣ԼЩƣʵɱҪ౶
ҲǻԵɺϣΪһľƣܶΪж
˵ĵڶõľƱЧʮʷɾҲȤˣò߲ǴԲѡ
ʦ棬Ʒ֪ǧ٣Ⱦƣɣ
ӱͺˬ
Ҳһ˷ܣɱ
̳һ̳Ҳûм룬źűӿٶȣ϶룬Էźһ롣
߲źȰ̳ʱǰһ̳ѾտҲǣĽ̳ҲΪС
ȻС˵Ҫǿ
߶˷ܵ˵Ҳ˼⣬ҲһԪЩ˵ЦòƹϵãʦҲʦС˵
ʦˣʦţ¿ɲʦᲢۣ
ǫҪʱǫһ£Ǳġ
˶ƻǫ飬ΪοЦСӣĪҪ̫ǫˣʦ㣬һҪк׳־Źˣ㲢С˵෴ϧ㲻ĹŵӣǸöð
ʦĻһģʦ棬ʦʦĹŵӣ
Цŷʵ
СӣҲ̫˰ɣͿ쳬ʦˣûʦΨһĵӣϧС츳С˵
ߺٺЦ
΢΢һЦȻʹ𾪵ǣȹ˶̳ƣȴû
Сӣ˼¼ֱ˲ţʦƿû˿Ժȳһģ㾹Ȼ˶̳Ҳ̫̬ˡ
𾪵
ʦ棬»ûȹأ֪ʦ滹ûУ
Ц
СС˵㾹ȻʦľƣûˣûˣһŲʮ̳ʦƽʱúȣһǲôõľƣɺãһͺʦĶ̳
һʹ飬˶̳ʱᵽʹĸо
ðɣξˣ´ʦҪȾƣʱ¡
ٺЦоԼѾ˰˷⣬֧ŵס
Ҳ˼⣬ͶԵǱҳʴ𣬾Խ˵ԽͶԵһαȥʱ䡣
ʵ̫࣬ߵΪḻ˵ԼһЩʱ䣬ʣ¶޵ĵá
ߵ޵ҲоǳÿÿĹҾһҲϲ
ʱ䣬ĵʼֵܣȻȻȴҵģҲž˱֡
Сܣʵǿ٣ãã˿Сܵ츳ɱȴǿ̫̫ࡣ
߸̾
Щϰ߶ԷƺԼСܣȫ˱֣Լ磬ʦҪƺԼʦˣµóƺԼʦˡ
ȻԷΪ뾭ѵȻںǱЦĪҪǫ飡ȣСܿǲ˲һ㣡


1378 
һֱĵ´ΪֻһƣҲҹǿһǶһһֱ˵ֻͣ¹½һֱȥ
磡㽫Ǵ˵أǲ뿼أ
ڿʼ˵⡣
ǰΪ˿Сܺ㣡
ߺΡ
磿Сܣ
ͣһ仰Ҳ˵ȴޱȣȫԼ
ôԺʦֵأȫ˱֣뾭ѵΪ
к𾪣ĿɿڴĶˡ
ô˴˵Ĵ˽пռ䣿
ֱʵ
ˣ㵽ҪһԪڣǰȺ򣬿ǲС˵˵ôãû뵽һ飬С˵˵ĻҪãһԪ֮Ӧ˵ħսɣ
߻һתͻȻʵ
ħս
뵽ĸ֣ЦȼǵΪ׼ħսЩ½֮ˣ
Щ½֮˵ʵħڣԼԵʮǿľ磬ڿֱһЦ߱½֮ˣܹγʲôв
νħսǸҲ
˺ܶ࣬ȴû˵ֻǵͷʾԼ֪ħս¡
СܣĪҪСħսһξǱô򵥣֮أ˲űϢ޵ߵʵѾһΣˣһεħսҲͬСɣ
ѵֻ࣬ȴûܻеľ
磬ħ֮սûʲôµģƾʹߣ޷вһԪڣûϴƾһԪڵͨӱԵƽ½ʹߡ
Цһ𵱳Щħڵʹߴˣʱʮ֮
ʵĪ˵ħʹߣʹȫǰҲĽ֮ȫɱ
µʮ棬ΪħսԼδ˵ԲŸоЩš
ҲҲСܣʴӱĪҪ۹ħսļͣڵɽ׶Σô𣿡
ҡҡͷȻʵ
һ㼴͸֮ˣʱҲԣʵ磬Ҷħսһ֪⣬ϸͣ
ģħ֮սѾ޼գ֮ǰһʹߣΪڵɣڼ䣬Щ½ʹ߷ָݡ
ȷʵЩ½ʹھݷһʱ䣬ֻԶԶ͹˾޵ߵ͡Щ½ʹ׼ﻮħ֮սʱ޵߿ɲԴСΪֹһ½ʹѾȫݣֻмӻԪ֮壡һνħսҲ޼ա
ͺ׹ǰʹȫûôΪ˼ħսǽһʹߡ
磬ô׼ʵǿʹ
ҲȻʵȻЩΪȻ
㻹û״˼ħս޼պһƽٽɽĻϢɽˣ׼ʵǿʹ½սսȻħսĻӣʵѾȫıʣ
֮Уǿһݣ֮ǿһԪڣ֮⣬ݻʵǿߡһΣĿΥ涨ߣʵħȴߣһαҪһƽ١
ԣаԵʣôʵֵʹߵĽأ
ϾǸһλ棬ҲΪһλ˾ݣҲһִ֡ҪݣôһȺʵǿʹߣֺδӵֵ
ȻˣڱѡӦõķ˰ɣ
ʵ
Ҳʱ䣬ݿռѾ֮˷ܷ硣ɽ֮˵ϢƵĵطţëݵΥ涨ʮء
ˣ׼پݣһپݣôݱ׵壬һԪڸҪֱʹߵĹ
˴£Ӱ쵽һԪڵҵôǷǶϷ
Խ˵ԽǵǣϳܲЩ
絽ʲôĹϵʹһԸһԪڰɣҲֻɽ֮˲ŻԸһԪڣҵĸо
²
ΣһζǴѣΪʹʱᵽ
߿Ц
ôص飬֪ģ
ɻʵ
ݵ߷ɽ磬һԪڵҲǷɽ磬һԪڵӵ츳ɽҲһϯ֮ءΪһԪΪοһֱЦݣɽûǿţһԪڸһֱƻ𣿡
Ϊص˵ͻȻһǳĲ²⡣
ɽͻȻƻأô˵һԪɽĿɽ̨ˣֻܺĽɽΪʲôҪһԪڴ󶯸ɸ꣡
뵽̧ͷգԽ


1379 
һ㣬û˵ΪֻԼĲ²ѣûκʵƾ֤
㲻̫ģˮڣȻɽʵҲƣǵĿĲǻݣҪƶµĹء
߳԰οһĵЦ⣬Ǹӵȥ뷨
ǣȻܹȵõϢܺùãȻ֪ڤڤһУ⣬ֻҪΪǱӣ
ҲЦ˵Լɡ
úѾ뿪˽пռ䣬ǣ˵һƧɽŴ
ݣһԪںܺѰңϷҪ£ȸˣԼѰһԪɽڰɣ
صЦŶȥ
ʱֻʣ빫¶ˣ֪Ϊʲôû˴ֱǰһԪڡ
߸ո뿪ãЩͷųȥ̽ġѪ䡯ȻȫɷΧ֮ڡ
ǰɣʦĻҲ̫ǿˣԭЩѪ䡯ûеִݳǣ
Ծ˵һ˼ǽЩѪ䡯ջڡ
˴ݣȻмƣҪʹáѪ䡯̽飬һ಻Ҫ鷳
ˣջˡѪ䡯Ȼʹʶǰ̽顣
ȴǲ̽飬ΪԼϾһߣҲһ̽鷳
һ̽˾Ȼķ֣ԭݳǰңݳʵԼȫһ
ǰԶݳǣѾ̽鵽ǸߴΧǽΰݳţһǰȥɣ
Цſ˵
µͷȴԥ֮ɫҿߣҪͬУܶ鷳ġ磬һȥһԪڣڴ˵ص㣡
УҿɲҲãҲգ֮ʦĹŵӣһҪһԪڣ
ʮּ˵ùҲ޴ӷԣǿӲ£֪ǲԼܵġ
ߣͬΪ޵֮ˣѵô
һԪ˵ǿţôһųأ
һ㣬ʵЩ޷⣬Ҳ˶ԵЩơ
֮ſǰݳǣǸߴĳǽȻֱʣǴӸ߿ҲԵݳǵĳǽǺΰ
ڵͿգٵطǿĽƣǰݳǣʮֵأˣ빫±ھǧԶĵط䡣
˽󣬲Ƶĳǽʮ֮ߵĺΰš
ݳǵǽڽӲʯͷɣǽڳֵɫͬһ㵭Ĺâס빫²ɿЩ㶡
ĳǽȥˣɴû˸ߴĳǽǾ͵ĳ˾̾ƻֺ꣬һϸ˼Ϊ̵ӡ
˽ĵطΧ˻ǸŰҵľ룬˷ƺŶӽݳǣȻ˴ݳǳ
ڶ˵Χǧ׼ݳǣŶܱ֮ߣйģ塣
ǰɣôôߣħߣ
鲻Խ˵ΪΪĹΪʮųߵġ
ΧвƺڳĴС֣ȴǴϲ̫ˣ̫ˣ
˽ıΧ֮ΪȣȻЩҲǾȶѡ
ԭݵĳţ
ҲЩ̲סĵ׵˷ܣû뵽ݳǱȾĻҪΰ
ʱͻȻݣЩ˵ĽһԪڵ飬ƺܵ飡
ѵʦƭҵģʲôɽݣһԪٺƽ٣ƺͲЩڣɽڵ߽һԪڣⲻǳô
аӿȥʵʵҲʮּթȻôεĺԼأ
˸⣬Ȼԭء
ĲŶӣŶӾһȥϷĵ
һò׶ͻȻԺȵƺ빫º۸
ͬʱͷǸɷߣȴ鲻Խķһ۾һ۲գŹ¡
Ůܻ鷳ƯŮ鷳࣡
а̾
ǸɷߣȻǸЦЦ˵Բǲǹ⵲㣬ھÿ
ǰɣ
к𾪣Ϊ֪µıԣʱȴǸ˵Ǹֱһ漣
³գգۣѾԱȥѡãǱ㲻ⲽϡ
кܶ࣬󲿷ֵվһ֮ϣ߲֪Ӷ˸ղǡýмİΧʵڰ֮ϡ
Ҳ˵ȫûҪ˿еҲ硣
ռ֮رȽϿǰʱȴԶ˰ߣڶ˵ĺ󷽣߽ڰ֮ϡ
ȻھݳǽԶĵطȻ޽ʯͷķӣЩһֱݳǣľ߹ģ


1380 
ԶɣȻȴǶŹ£ЦС椣ʵҲݳǣûпܣϷŶӰɣϷ֤ݳǡ
ʱ˲ŷߵŶѾ˰ˣǼĺ󷽲Զվţһ
߰ɣ
Цĸ첲
ȥŶȥ
ȻЦ
ڶ׼ʱͻȻ֮˵ЩʲôȻȻ˿
ӽ˰ɷΧ¶ɭЦ⣬ֱ˵СӣʵôԱλ磬Ϸ㱣ģϷԴݳǣ
ˣлл
ı̽鵽ߵΪвɰԺЦΪԼʵͺţˣȻҴµ⡣
ת㳯ȥ߳һźٺһЦȻĸȥ
ǧΪЩ֮ŰȫΧ¶鳤ľ
빫Ҳʱ䣬ǱһΧķ羰һ߻С
ЩŶ֮Уʲô˶УԾ֮ˣУ߾Ӷ࣬ħҲ١
У󲿷˽ʵԣӱϿǺѿЩߵʵ
ڶ˼ӺʱͻȻ˳ѭȥȴһ˱һȺΧţ˾Ȼ޾ɫһȺִš
ʶɢȥŷУ֮˻·ԵȴǱ˲˽ơ
ȴһȺִͬʱ߽һԵУ˲˵Ŀ⡣
ǿʳطǸΣشһСľͻᱻ˸ˡ
аԷȴǶԴʮ棬һֱעһȺ˵ս
·ߵֱսЩŶ֮һִһȥʤ
빫²߻߹ֱڹ˷
һᣬһŮĵĳ΢ЦȻȻҲ֮˽һ˵
߼ǸŮģһЦҲԷΪ˸Ŀ꣬Ǹȡ衣
нУͻȻЩҲڳǰŶӽݳǣ˵Ϊǣôнķһǵǡ
ϣû£ҵһԪںȻȥѰǡ
аţʱֶ֮ЩҲ˵ֻԶԶĸں档
ЩЩΪθ󣬹һͻȻֶˣЩ˵۹⾹Ȼ⵹ùһ
ǵԽԽˣǵʲô
˵
ɶ˻𣡡
΢΢һЦЦӶʱù¶ˡ
ಣ
һЦ֮ΧȻʮŮӣЩŮӾвɫһ˷ܵĵɴ۾ǰ
̾ЩˬǰǼŮӣͨѵҲв֮
ЩѰ·Ҳѧ˴ˣǣЩѰ·
ǰЩŮӣЩŮȴǺݺݵĶŹ£޲ɱ
Щ˲ûжȻԭģΪѡʱҪм֣ǽע⵽˶󷽣ܹעһ㣬ĻҲࡣ
Ȼ빫µľòġɶꡯȴ̫ˣڶ˿ҪߵʱѾϵĶ顣
ĺȻפ͵һϾȻ¶е֮ɫҺΣ
ôˣ
ʣûʧأù¶ʱʮֲΪǿбƽǱ㻷ܣȴûǿ֮й¶ɱ
ڶפʱҲȻͣԭأһ鲻һ׷׶ǰ˵ıӰ
ȻȻ
˫ƽǰ૵˵Ǽ֮ɫûκΡ
˭˼أѵһŮˣһˣ
ͻȻţ˳߳ǰȥȴʲôҲû
ôˣ
ɻʵ
Ŷû£
˵ȴĺһڿɫѸٵĻָǣУ»Ǹоļ
ʱĲԼӿˣҲֻܸϣЩ㷲
ȶߵ˶ʱûüŶӣİٶ˱ѾΧס
ЩƺΨֶ˱˭ȥˣһֲ֮ɫȴЩˡ
СϷȷֵģǶ
Ǹò׶ߴ
ΧȴǸͲˡ
ȥɣǵģõǴֵܵʬ̤ȥ
һֵͬʱ˵Ǻˣû뵽ôྺ֡


1381 
˽ʵֻΪǿĲϣ̽˵Ϊڴʱ˭ҲԸ
ṫµһһҪŮΪĶ飬Щ˵Ŀ
ЩŮӱЩеҪ׺Ķ࣬۶㳳Ĳɿ
ֺģ빫ȴǰȻΪ̫ˣԷû˭ҵһ˺빫¡
֪˭˵һ䣺Ȼ۲ݣǾͰϹأʤ˭Ϊǿ˭ӵľȨ
ãжʤ
ߣǼȻϷͳȫǣ
¹˭֣޶ۣʲôãֵ¼°ɣ
ȻͬըƵģޱȡ
ѾԼ˱ʱԹϷֵĵģвɰŭ޲һн˶ɱ
Ȼû˵»ǰסӣΧ׼˽ʱȻŹµֳȥ
һ˴ϲ׷׳׷ȥ˽֣Щ˱
˷ֳɶţȻֳַɸСŶӣ̶
лǰУڹµľĿУѾһһȫİݡ
еֹһʱмעĿɱһ˶ʮ˵ս
һЦһȺ׶ߣŶоȻߣҲߣħߡ
ȴһˣȻһȺߣ˫ָһ°֮ùͻȻЩϤ
վڰפ㣬ΧвΧߣһ²˽ﲻڶ
СӣһˣȻôڣˣ
һЦǸͬһζķ⡣
ߣǲŶӣҪռҵλãѵΪô۸ģ
ߵûмһҲΧΧ겻ѡ
棬Сӷϻôʲô߲Ǻ׺ҪûӣСӾħԸ֤һġ
һߵŮЦ쳣̶߻վˣһŮħߡ
ˣһߣģߡ
߾ɽһĲм֮⣬һԲжŰӣͬڿһˡ
ΧУһЦеǸ꣬Ƿ͵ıӡ̡
û뵽һǸְʦȻ츳׵ͽͷ
̾¶һ˿εЦ⣬ԾЩԲǸꡣ
ڴʱͻȻ˹£һƳȴѾ¶һĨصЦ⡣
ֻЩȣȴûйߣעǸֶİˡ
ҵĸоЩϤǣҿȷڴ֮ǰûм
½봫
ԭµΪҪ˲٣޷ǿƴ£ҲͿ׵µĴ
СǲҵӰӣ
ɫƽʵ
ǰ꣬ŷʣƺϰʮơ
ǵģֶƣп˵ϵİȻʣӰӣѵʶ𣿡
²ɺʵ
Ҹô˵أҵͽܣҲΨһͽܣǣʦȴûжû뵽һʵǼȼЩע⵽ǸǸҲʦҵǽͽ
¶ɬЦ⣬ҲǱƲѣѱﻹֵסͽܣǾɵʵʮǿԲŻ˾ɡ
ƺΪ˼вɰЦΪŮ˶ݡ
ڸʱºһ˫峺ȻԼ
˲Ǳˣ˵ͽܣʱ򣬰ȻЩʧˡ
Ůˣ
аޣĿֹסͣ˼ӣǿסˡ
ͻȻϤԼһƳȴŮߵӣòһɫӣɫ˵ʦĺۡ
ƳʱһϤĸоҲͷĪģǸоƺʶԷƵģԼ̲סҪ׽·Լˡ
ôˣѵ˶ԷĻ𣿡
̾ʱͻȻ˶ʦ
ɱ
ͻȻߵ̼ɽȻЦŰꡣ
ŻعЦߣʲôֶαʹɣһǵĳӶҪ࣡
ԴŭӿͻȻ꣬Χ߿ʮǿ󣬲ڰȻġ


1382 
Ȼ޾˷ƣҲЩȣû뵽껹Щʵ

ͬʱһɽͬʱԲͬǶȴ꣬ǰȴһͻȻѾˡ
һѾ㿪˵ĺϻ֮ƣȴû̽鵽ƶ
䣡
һȭһˣ߻ûü仯壬ȻһȭʮɣȻ۵Ѫ
ȴǴʧɫͬʱ仯Ϊ壬ȴǶֻèߡ
˼Ǳ仯˱壬ȴҲ¶֮ɫΪԷղɵһȭѾһͬ顣
ʦȭɣ
Ц뵽ʦȴǸоһᣬ֪ʦںηǿͺˡ
ʱγأĬĬ۲£еį֮ɫȻ޷ӹ۾
ݵʱ䣬бݵĳ嶯ڶԷįԼʱ
ʲôˣΪʲôһ鲻Խȥ
ʦʱ򣬱鲻ԽԽù죬ǶѾķ˹
ֻδСĺèȻͬʱڿУ˫è۶
𣡡
ֻèѡ̽ԵԶ̹ĵצǰеĹ
ֻԭأƾצӽʱ˫ȭͬʱ
ǺڻȭȻԭͨͨĺڻȭУȴǴĳ棬ǶèҽеצӣȻѾˡ
ֻһ֮䣬ʵΧ߸뷨еâ޲óȥɱ
ιϰԵһֱûƿ
ĿӣаԸжʦͽ֮ҲĳǿҵĸӦģҲһֱע
˭ôˣȥŮȴǿѵһֱŮ˵ԭΪϲ𣿿ǣϲˣҲϲһӢʵҲܲӰɣ
ЩԻˣĿֱӶԷͻȻЩĽ
ԴһŮ󣬾ɱ㷢ֱͽֵЩ֣ӦüоȥսȴǾȥעǸˡ
ԺڻȭɵĴߣɫ࣬ߵȴЩˣ͸ĳݵĿ־塣
棬Ҳ̫˰ɣ̫ߵˣ
һħ޼ɵĳǼͬͬʱһͳЦĻ
棬˰ɣֻŶӶѣûҪһأͽɣ
Աߵ߾ȻڴʱȰԤоǰİʮΣա
ߣ˳ⲻϷûϷһ֣ɱ
߱Щħܸ߳ģǱ嶯Щ֪ˣ֪ߵԤһʮ׼ȷ
ˣϷΪУҪɱһȥɣϷɲˡ
һԵѾ˳ˣΧǼ߷ݵЦЦǲ⡣
˳ζűŶӣɵŶӣ׵ı˱ѣǻԵŶϴܣˣͬʱĶߡ
˳ʱôҪ˳ҲһϷһȥ
Ȱȴ˵ôҲԸΪУðűŶӵա
ãˣ
ŭʱֻһˡ
ҪսսôīˣҵȵĻлˣ
΢Ц˵һƵ̬ơ
ߣʵԴϷӣܴϷ򣡡
ЦҲûб仯Ϊ壬ֻһͻȻһĵķɽ
ʱѹûзֱӷͻϮ
ĺã
һҲܶԷķɽжôֻǳԷķɽһȭ
ȻǺڻȭȭʵ̫ͨȻʹȴһҲͨ
һУ߱㱻ʮ֮ԶѾѪ
СӵʵôͻȻôǿˣѵ
뵽ֿܣߵĶͷϸܵĺ飬˵еĲ
ͽǣһԸ
ŭ˵ͽҲֻҧųȥ֪ǱڻңȴҲҿΪ֪ڿ󣬱Ȼ֮֡
ɱ
ߺԼȴǲˣɱĵЦЦ
ͬʱҲ¶ĵЦ⣬ùˣû뵽ʦͽ˻ơ
Ҳ¶ĵЦ⣬ͻȻЩͷˣŨŨɱ⣬֮ʱ徹Ȼܡ

˫ȭգͻȻһ˲䱬ǰҪǿĹ
߱ˣƴһ
ǣֻһâҫȻĲҺ


1383 
Ȼ˲ɱˣ𾪵˵Ԫ֮壬˵Ԫ֮׼ʱһ̵ľƺ«
ƺ«Ȼ˲ס˵Ԫ֮壬ûּܼӣԪ֮㱻ǿǾƺ«С
ͻıΧ鲻Խķ֮߸ǲҽһʱȴԼ΢Ц
֪ˣ²ǰԣ
˾ȻŵǸΧ۵˲аЦ
ǼħҲ¶־ı飬ΪʵѾ̽飬ȻӵƷԪ֮ķʵЩˡ
֪ʲôãֲ֪ϧͽܵˣΨ³
ȵһ˵Լ
ڰɣʦţпˣòҲûʲôԲ飬Ҫңн𣿡
һ룬Ÿоƽһ㣬ϾʦжʱԼһأȻԼһİʦӣʦͽ֮ԶҲĵĮ
ǿϷ򣡡
˷
ȻЩħ߽޶ԣһǳ˷Ц⣬ƺڳЦ޴
ҪɱңʹģҪɱȥɱǣ
˷ŭֵָŶˣ㱻ŵĻɢ
ûлͷǶҲİõԭأΪڹ
˲Ӷ֮ʱȻһǿסԼԭ˲Ƽ̱ǳ

˻ͷһŵľһԭԷһֻУԼ㱻Ĵȥ˵ĳӶҪˡ
ԭʵԶҵ֮ϣѾﵽ˿ɱҵȵĴڣڰԻΪʲôһô׵ϵأӻϽ飡
һ˲˺ܶ࣬ϧڴʱҲûκεôˡ
ֻֻħһ㣬Ȼֱǰһɴʱһââıɽ

˸˵֣ȴòһԼͷ­۾ڵϡ
˵Ԫ֮ҪʱּǱ̵ľƺ«
ⷨһ˵Ԫ֮㰧ıУ̵ľƺ«Ҳͬʱʧ
ЦĻͷĿֱŶӵԱЩڸղſûٷ̣Լ
ǰȻɱǸ棡Ǵİµ˿Ǳ۸˺þãлǰȣ
ǸħŮӱϹϾ˵ıȷŵټЦ֪Ҫ˶ٱ
ǰǰȻɽĿģ֪ǰĸɣϴ
һԵҲ
һȺαСˣ֮ã
ͻȻȺ˵ǣֶ˼
⼸ͬʱŭȺУȴһ˷ܵˡ
˵ĺãΪҺ۸úŪ𣿺ܺãǾȫȥɣ
¶Ц⣬һַɽһǺ«ƿ
СӵΪչô죬治ҵͽܰ
£һЦ⣬ùҲõЦˣȻ˾䣺
ǰʱ̫ˣһ˲ɱʣµļˣǣЩ˱㱻ˡ
Ⱥ۵Ŀ죬ɢĸ죡
˲Ϣ֮䣬Χ۵ȺֻʣˣһǾɣ˱빫¡
ɻһۣӭ򹧾ĳƺʦ
һʦȻҲȫһ𣬲ĵͷӦʱסĸ첲ع
ˣϧϧŮ治ȴԵ޷ˡ
Щʧһ۹£ǸòƽƽʱоȻͻȻӿֳһɱ⡣
ĪǻòͷˣȻɱҰ
аЦΪǰ㱻ȥͽܣֻǣȣǰڴʱҲӦóƺԼǰˡ
֪ʦֻѾɱ˾ɣΪȻҶɱһûκá
Ҳ̽鵽˾еɱ⣬вɴ󾪣ʵʦôˣ
ûʲô
еɱ⼸һţöԷûԼɱԵ̫ˡ
λô
ɴ
ţǳƯʵҲϧ
һεþпϲΪٶŮ
ϧʲô
ɴϲʵ
£
ɵ˵ⱾӦʦĽڣΪǸŮ񷴵Ǹ˵Ȥһ㣬ȻԲ֮õĸо
أɻ򲻲ɣ
ʵ
ʦѵɱ˶ᰮˣǸеˣҲɣ˵ԭ⣬ʦǽ̹˵ĵҾԲΥԼġ
ʮĻش
һʱᣬͻȻЩŭʵСӣϷ˵ٴˣǸСҲѾ˼ʮˣαʦһ𴳵ݣ֪Ǿһɣÿ߶ô˵ģҪĵزѣ
ϷǸ츳ףǣδؾĳɾ͸ߣϷðôգԹٿͷһֱڷΪԱСҪǿ̫ࡣֺαִأ
ҲһʱĸĿڽʦˣ
ɱЩƣ˵ȴЦˡ
ʦԶʦҵʦҲҵʦ
ĻþɻЩƽ⣬ȴдϲ
εҡҡͷôҲ벻ʴӱĵôһֱǸأ
ⶼˣʦͽ˼˰ݣڵִ˾֮ݣ֮ǰݵȴΪѰ
ʦһҲͶʦһһʦǶǶҪˣûǣûĽ죡

ʦһΣǸСʦĸеķһ㣿
ɶ۾һȻʵ
Ȼʦ˼ˣ⻹𣿡
͸Ц⣬ش̫죬ⷴþɲ˻ɡ
ʱȻЩƣȻܵ˶Է̸Ӱ졣
ΪʲôһЩˬأѵΪڼʾɣҼʲô
ʵ
ʱٴʵٸһλᣬҪشʦĶеķأסϵһҪش𣬾Բܷʦ
빫ҲͬʱΪ⣬ͬʮֹġ
㲻õˣͽϦദվ飬֮飡֪˿ɱûбҪ
ǰοΪڹ¿϶ԾɵĸҪһ㡣
緢ֶԼһ汻ʦʵĺΡ
Ҫ滰𣿡
Ц
ֻҪ滰
ҲǸƢش
ðɣ˵κμٻҾʦû뿪Щ꣬һֱԶţҲлʦΪһУҪҪֳȻҾʦеķҪһҲԶ䵭
ڵһĻش˾ɵ⡣
һȻű¶Ц⣬ȻЦһ˵á֡
ΪʦˣðɣΪʦݳǣΣΪʦҪҵʦ
ɵһθ֧Ĵ𰸣дϲڴӦԼһݳˡ
ֻñһᣬۿѾʪˣǴﵽΪֻ»鲻Խᡣ
ʱһηۿҲЩʪ϶֮˵ʱ˿̣ľҲܵӰ졣
˷ǲľ飡
ǷǳϲӵģϧûлߣʱżȻȴ֪ⲻżȻΪԷѰԼġ
˵һ֪ӣ
ʱȴ˵һͽܣӣ
΢һȭǰ˵ʦɣ֪λγƺ
û뵽ȻֱӱвɰԾȣʱҲȭ
빫¼ͬʱȭ񣬲ǹȴ΢Цı飬һһĵȻ
¸㣬ҵʦ֣Ҽλѡ
΢ЦıȭֻǶĵͷʱû֮ϵ顣
˫պѶ䣬ԶһȺѾЩȻƺΨˣԲŲĵ׷
˺ܿ㽫һΧУ⻹ڡ
һüʱ治ܶԷ£һ׼뿪Ƿ֮ء
ǣȴΡȻ˵ʦߣҵ뿴ЩҪʲô
һ̽飬д󾪣Щ˿ɱȸղŵЩ˵ʵҪǿˣңôࡣ
ûʲôÿӢۣߣ
Щˣɫǵͨ졣
˶һۣߣȴֲľΪԼģǱŶǸЦЦű׼뿪
ʱΧס˵ʮ֮࣬߳ʱ˲ûΪ˵Ŀڹ
߳ȦӺ󣬾ɵһٺѵΪǰЩ˷ͻΪ̽ĵԷʵʱ⼸ʮв֣Իܱ
֮󣬸ֱһССᵼ䡣
ûзɵĻֻзŲǶˣڱϳǧԶפ㡣
ʦҾͿв

ɱ˵Уɿǿ񣬲һɣͷǣʦͽ˱ԭع۲Щˡ
빫ȻԭأΧʮˣڲԶѾһٵĻս˵ʬ˵ڵϣеʬ޴档
ͻȻʮ˷ֳ˶֣һΪһŮΪ


1384 
빫¹ۿսʱǱߵҲѾֳʤŮһ˳ΪеĻʤߣЩҴ֮Ҳֻܸ׳Ƴɡ
С椣ѾΪϷսƷ
һ߶ŹµЦıù²̲סɱûжǱֻǿа
һʤǸŮӣж˿ȴֱ˽һ룬˿ȥͬһԲԲƤǰݽȥپͬǶһ㣬°ͲͣĲš
빫¶һۣ˽ЩЦԷǣȴûбֳ
ǱҪõĶ࣡ΪѾܼƷˣǣ㿴ǰŮˣǼƷеļƷһһμôԲŮˣž;ëȻģ
дſЦ
һŮʱ̲סЦƽһ㣡ˣڳ𣿡
ãͽڣҪԶôڣֻװ־ˣҵûĳ־ˣ
룬һδ뿪Ŵ
õģһİţ
͵Цȴ¶־ɫ
ҲҪ
·һĽ־ǿߣ˫ֽץסĸ첲
Сӣģٺ٣
ŮҲЦζͻȻ˸ı䣬ŮȴǵǰֻҪȷûҲȻ֤ŶļȤ
ҪǶ˲δλλǰ飡
ŵ˵һΪ־ǵͨ죬ɪɪ
ٺ٣
ŮЦʮ̶ִȻȴӭһ󸽺͵Цһֻ
ǸߵĿǹ£ǰŮӲκγͻ෴໥֮仹Щ
ǶҲ˵ˣΪǣǸղѾսһС椣ԹԹɣԱ֮ûУƾʲôأ
ЦţƺżŹϵĿ־塣
ǰŮӺγˣһЦͬҵпϣҲԴΪ󣬲ͣϵκ΢С仯
ʱͻȻһɽɽڲ䣬еǣ˭ҲҪҾɱ
¼Ϸͬһ㣬ҲúôݣҲɽȻѧķ˲䡣
˱ϵʵֻʾڣЩ̽󣬷ֶ˲ֻԪӤڵʵԣ˸¶ߣ¶ɱ
֮䴦ھʵʱɱҲǱȵ컹ѵ飬빫´ʱȻھԵ֮С
ʦ˺ÿǡ
̲ס˵
д󾪣ΪԷЩ˵ΪԲһ˵ʵԼҲȫûаնԸ
ĪҪ嶯ȷԴЩ𣿡
Ȱ
ǰֻƾоÿ͸м˵ΪǱЦҡҡͷ
ȻûаգǾζȥҲ꣬Ǽ֪ˣֺαǰһսأ
ɶ񻺻˵мȵͽܵİΣΪĳеԺ
ʦҾþͷŮҲΪ֮ϣӦòҵĶ֣ˣҲȫûսʤǵİգ
ķϾ¹Լ
̾˿ȻǿɬһЦ֪ͽܵӣ˳ʵǸԶΪˣβսˣҲӰ쵽֮
ȥʦڵΪ㣬ﻹܵס㣡Ժʦ˵ʦϣܹ˼У֤Լİȫ
һָų˵ǴȰ
лʦһʦĻģ
ϲ˵̳ȥ˵ĳ嶯
빫Էɽڲ䣬Ϊ鲻ΪȫʵǿǰȴԵ˵ĿЦ
ԪӤڵҲвϷ̫޴ˣ
߹ЦâһһɫĻӡ
ȥ
߳ȵеɫʧڿвڴʱǰŮҲ˫ƾȻһɫӣҲ˲ʧ

빫ͬʱһɫĹâɫĹâͬʱʢǣ빫±ԱȦΧУ˵ĸ첲Ҳڴʱ뿪
ɫĻסʱ޷ɫĻԪӤԱĹЧ
Ů˵ҲУսס
ŮˣϷȡ裡ã
߹Цţһ־ɫĻӱ㽫µסȻ㱻˿ߵߡ


1385 
ͷҲˣ
Ů˺ٺһЦеһҲ鲻ԽıŮء
һЦȻſʼĹۿõսƷֻ֮¶۲֮ɫȴֻԶۣ޷档
Ҫ˭Ⱦң
´ȣԵ˽Ȼȴ޷̫Զ
ӣҲģ
ǰֵŮˣͻȻ޺޵ĺ
˸ϷţȴǻȻ֪Ϊ˵ɽˮ֮ʱ
СӣǵԪٺ٣Ȼ֪ʲôĸоˣ
ŮɺٺЦѾʱõĵģˣΪ֮ŭ
˫һˣʱпܳ룡

Ĳҽ֮ޱȣҲѧķʽ๫๫ҲҪ뿪㣡
˷໥ҲܲˣΪȲǸŮǿ£ܲŮ˴ȥ¯
֪ҪǰӪȣǱ̳ԶȴʱԸ
зŭû뵽Щһ£Ȼڹ컯ߡ
ס֣
һѾɵ˵м䣬һȻҲ˱һ
˫˷Ӧһ˫˫ǿ밫Ů˵ɱ
ǶˣЩһȻݳ񣬻ˣ
һּɽһȵƵ䲻
ǰң
ϢзϲԭȻԼϣĳͦǿġ
ĳĳСӣ¿ɲǺ£ѵ㲻֪Ϸ˭𣿡
Цƺûн
ҹ˭ֻ֪ĲԣǸŮ
˵ɽָǿߡ
Ϸ򶼲֪˭Ȼ÷ɽָϷСӣҪˣŰɣҲû˼ǵá
ȴ֮̽Ϊ
ڣԭֻʵߣϷǵɺΪ˷ǰȻѰ·
аеЦ֮Ũˡ
Ҳɢɣʦ
شһΪɵţȴֱԼأ
ɻ᲻ἵأˣҲǾɵʵ̫ˣŷΣգ
ţⲻ֪һαʦ֣Ϊھɵı£Լڳʦ
ԶԶţвԴף෴ȴΪƷж
УʦϷ򣬵ĸһ
Գ
ɢޣ񣬲ʶ
ʲôҲʶ
߻ش˶䣬˵һ仰ʱֻһЦ˵ڶʱͻȻֳŭơ
һ˲䣬ͻȻʮֲֿǿһû뵽ƻԶԶĳڵΪ
ʱߵͻȻһУǸߣ
ʶʦ
ϲʵΪ˾ˣúѯʶԷһ
ҾԲҵԲң
Ǹ߻һ㣬߶űȺһ˳Զȥ
ڰɣҺ񲢲ʶˣôҵ־ͬβ͵èأ
иоЩ⣬Ͼݳ⣬ԼǰδӦò˭ʶԼ
ȵͣ¶ϲ֮ɫ૵ԭʦ֪ô߰
ڴʱһʵ£ʦʲôģ
뽫סǸܵߣȻѯһʦϢǷֻҲ֪ʦǱ㰴סˣȻȻĶ˵ѣʦݣʮӢıһҪߴϲһۣѵҲʦ
ʻ֮վڿԶһȺеΪҲٮٮߣʱԣ¶֮ɫ
Ӣߴһۣ⣬ѵ
δȴΪĳЩԭ顣
񶨶ߣȴϵľٶ
ѣǸϷ˳
΢һ֣Ȼ׼뿪
ߣҪǸҲսӣϷԲŹ㣡
ߵ˫ɢǿɱ
ѣΪԼĺϷ򷽲ֻǲƴ򣬾ǵɺڵʵϷҲһƴ֮
ռλþΪҲӽߵġ
ߴŭϱò׼͵ϮԷ֮ʱȴֶԷȻ˷ɽ
ڵģ
߿ɲΪ಻߽֣Ϊ£ԼҲûаɱԷ
ӦùϷ㣬ͽܣǾԲӦöģ򣬺Ը


1386 
˵꣬Ȼ㲻ĳȥȲӽˣҲûȫȥƺڹʲô
ҲûȥǱĶһۣȻ󻷹ˣȵǻ˭Ҫ˳ģ̹
˻һһʱ䣬һѡ˳ЩҲûȥվǰ߸ȻŶֵߵĽ
߿һ֮ˣֻʣΪԲߣеɱ˵ĳ嶯
ѣʦںδ
ʵǶôܹ֪ʦȷ䣬ԼлѰҵʦ
޵ѣǸϷҲ֪ʦںδϷ˵ʦϢ
Ǹ߱ȭ˵ʮֿ
л
Щʧ֪ʦֹһĺúõġ
ڴʱǰŮҲ˿ʼ˳Щһƺ뵽ʲôֲ飬˳ٶȸ죬ǰŮһ⣬Ѿȫ˳
ŮϵӲҪɳЩôֻһ־Ҫ˳һȫ˳ðŮ˾вˬҪȴҲ޷ôˡ
ǰ˵ĻսУЩΪһѾȫɱ밫ŮʣΪģˣһЭ̺󣬽빫µȨøˡ
Ȼʣµ˲δƴԣʮһ뿪󣬰ŮҲûаЩˡ
˭ǾȻһųһȺС
Ů˷ŭĺǿ߸ôǿмΪĿ߱뿪ˡ
ȻЩ˳ź⣬ڸֵĶԾмûκá
ǼҲɣϷҪЩ
߷йԼŭ𣬶Щŭԣͬʱȭˡ
ǿʳ磬ЩΪ΢ֻ
Ȼʱ֪Լߣ̽ʧԵʣЩ˸ղҲ뵽УΪԼʵ㹻ܶԷսʱЩ˲ЩǶôĿЦ
ֻǼʱ䣬ֻʣǿ밫ŮŭĿӣ˵߾۽ʱͻȻͬʱεЦ
˵ͦģһָݣһְ֣Ҷ˵Ҳơ
뵽ʱǿͻȻʲôƺȻŰŮ˱ȭϷǣ֪γƺ
ֶˣǿԿ֣
Ů˺ٺЦоǿƺЩͶԵ
ͬԷ飬ΪҪĸ֣ҪЩѵһȺˣⰫŮ˽ˣ˵ʵԱһҶ˵Ŀ겢ţǰһˡ
ãϷֶԵС
߹״Ȼ˵
Ѱ·
ǰǸЦһ뵽ĵǸ˵ͽʱожµûţ˵ˣԼҲ֪ôġ
ھݵܴô˻˾֣˼
´ҲΪеԺ
Ǻǣ˵Ӱ仰һġھһ·ɱ˾Һ׶ʵ֪ģҿһˣ
ЦŻش֪Լݵݣһ·µɲ١
бףҵܻôǴһǶȽѰأҪҵͽܵ鷳
зͬʱ밫ŮѾƶ˷򣬶ңԼ빫۵һ
лͦ˷ܵģΪʦ˷ܣʱȴЩǣƽԷ˵ΪҪԼ֮ϣҪܶʵЩѶȡ
߿У֪ǵɺڵĸ֣ԼΪǸ߳٣ԼƴȫҲûжٻʤĿԣңԷһˣʵҲӦòԼ֮¡
ĪӢۣ
˾ɸղԣʱЩΡ
СӣϷһᣬ㲻£ڱ뿪
밫Ůѡ˴˵ǿĸ֡
ΪôⲻʦУЩȫѺöҲʮּɵ
ѡǰʱ˿̣ٵ⡣
ѣεΪѻǳ뿪ĺãҿɲλʿ
һε飬˵
ǰ߰ɣǵΪ΢ģˣ
Ҳ˳Ļ˵˵˼ʮȷ
Ȼһ淴е淴⣬һؼԭǼָо
˵ĸоȥǰֹһҲϣ
ԶԶ˵Ļд󼱣û뵽ԷеɺڵߣþļĲȥ


1387 
ڣ֪֪֮ԼȥҲﲻæΪ׸ǣֻܰеĽܹ֪ˡ
ĳȴҲɵӣʱҪˣȫûаյ飬һ뿪ľǾǲݵ飬һ۾ɡ
ʦ㱣Ҷȹ˽٣
ͻȻ߶Ȼ
ʦԲˣҸĻЩ飬ұȥҾԲǶ˱Щץȥ
仰ȴ˵ϵҲԽᶨ
ִĺӣϷҲΪϣ챣ӣ
Զ飬Ѿ֪ѡ񣬴ʱΨ챣ӡ
ҵһȻҵͽܣ
аʱͻȻʦӣԼĸԼĸоҲʮưɣ
һΪʦΪ
߶ԽоԼԲ
ǸϿ֣ͣǶˣ
ȵѾһɫķɽ
һ֣ͬ߱ĪָˣһۿԾʪ
ǰŮ˶һۣнЩ𾪣û뵽ԷѰ·
ֻ֣ǵڵߣͷɱӦòʲô⣬־أ
ŮЦݿ˵
ֶյ˵ЦˣֶյѵΪϷ֮ϣ磬ֶյѴͷϷΪֶյҡź
߿ɲɵȻԸͷʵɱ˶ԷҲҪԷʦ
ٺ٣Ѻαǫ飡Ǹˣ˾͵ѵҪ֮Ц𣿡
Ů˺ٺЦǲ״Ӧͷ
ѾЩͷˣŭȵǾͲҪαȥˣˣҪôһս
ˣͷѣҪΪ֮ĪҪЦ
ֶŮӻǱȿҪһЩ˱ͷ
Զԣ߻û߽ƻ
еóۡ
ֶյѹȻϷʵѣȻֶյҪͷ̫òˣֶյѵʵһܿսʤǲ֪Сӡ
߹Цıȭװɵ㶵ĲƽֶŮղŵĻ
ߣ
ֶŮһȻ㽫עϡ
СӣѣȴûʵǷǳ飡磬ֱͶɣ￴㳤ӢķϣҲһ
ֶ˶ǺٺЦ⣬֪òñ֮ΪǿԿ϶ġ
֪һս޷⣬һⰫŮӹԼս⣬ߵţŮˣ⣡ԼҲվӣƾ⸱˲ˣģܻڣҶ㣬ɱˡ
û뵽ĻôݶȻֶҲЩˡ
һֱ˳Цӣɶȥˣǻû˸̴ֶеʹ
𣡲СӣһҪ𣡡
ֶŮãͻȻһ˲䣬Ʒӡ
Ȼһֻ󡣡
ɾȵ˵
ֶŮŭһ֮±仯壬ⱾǡһֻԲĸ󡣬ͬǣȫȻɫģֻ˫͹۾Ǻɫġ
ܣ
߾е֪߿ǷǳöԸҪΪ⡮󡡯츳ףһӵٶȵ
ϷΪοϷ࿹ˣԭߣ
ȻľѣаҶԷԼĵˡ
Ľü΢΢һʱҲ֪˶ԷΪԼڲ֮䣬ȴΪԷߵƣʵԼ֮ϵġ
򣡡
ֶŮʩչ򽫵С
зɽ΢΢һҲʼһֱﵽڵơ
ֶŮѾŭˣʮֵĳ嶯Ҳܲôˣֱͷ
Сӣĺܲң
ֶŮӴֱȻȴδ¶˿־֮ɫֻһɽңֶָŮЦҪսսֺ㣡
ּս빫µѾСˣȴǸּĶԾһСıḶĴۡ
ͽܵʵһǸܡ츳ǿ󣬿ڶʵĴм֮һû⣬ͽܽѻʤ
´
²Ҫֻ档ǻͬУֻռһưˣɲҪԳжҵͽܣڵʵ츳ȴԶԣҾǿԴ⡮ܡġ
ʮ㣬һӶһ㡣
Ǻǣֻ˵ģһ˵ͽҲ츳ģֶŮȻǵĶˡΪӮҪΪĵӣԭҪ


1388 
ЦǶġ
ʦͽܣͽ˹ָ󡶼򲻹ҾͲͽˡ
ҲЦ˵⵹ù²֪νӻˡ
˵Ʊƴڿʼˣ˫ļ࣬ϣֶҪǿһ㡣
ֳֽѾȫͶ뵽ⳡսУսⲢȶԷϰ֡
˵ƱƴҲͰ֮ƣֶռһƺȳ֡

ֶ˫۹Ĺĵģ΢һſڣһɫĽâ㼲
аû뵽ԷĹַ˹죬Ǳһӽնɫâ
˵ĹײһȴǸ֮Զԭ˵ιڲ֮䡣
СӣôһʵҲսˣٺ٣
ֶŮһ̽Ѿ˶Էʵеĸˡ
ЦһҲˣ
ȻڽѾоЩû뵽ԷĹַԿΪĻôԷĹٶȽ
ѾչһֿٵĽⲢȫıƴʵȻսԿһϾĶԷ󣬱˼սʤԷİա
˼սʵ޷עͽܵķϣҲӿȥ
Կ죬澪ղϣȴվоգ򽥽ռơ
츳Զ֮ϣսԾͬҳ㷹һƽ
Ƭ֮һɽɱֶŭȴʼ޷ռκεơ
Сӣ׼ȥɣﲻˡ
ֶκηĽ
֪Է϶иĹֶΣǱ˿ɣעӶԷ
СӣܽսѰ·
ֶ˿Ц͵ԭתһת֮徹ȻԽԽССֻĸС
ʱӲСƶԷͻȻһɫսףȻ˫ֽӡһƬһһֹâѾ֡
ֶû˲мһ˵ĶȻһŭȵӳ
ǰɣҲļӳ츳Ҳ̫ǿˡԽսߣҪʤô򵥵顣
з
ʩչӳ󣬾Ȼһ˺ѰġۡУȻɫ䣬Ǵġѿ
ۣ
ٴηֲĽ֮Ҳû񣬸ܵӰ졣
ۣ
ٴһ𣬾ȻһѪУɫԽ࣬û뵽ԷĹֶǳԼ֮⡣
ܽгʱѾЩŭˣԷȻȽֱֲӰԼľ
һ
ֻһնܣһȴǲ죬Ǿչǿ
ƺû׼áӳǱ³һâգһâ͵Ľܵ֡
ѾܹоԷʵĴû뵽һȥȴֻǻ˶ԷûκʵԵ˺
ӺϵİâѾʧһ˫ɫȴѾѪɫ
ಣ
ͻȻٶȱǰ࣬ǰâҲ֮һϡ
һαʮɣȻ󣬶ԷĹ಻ٶҲٵ
һﾹȻٶ̫ˣ
аڿнӡһߴǿӡһ߷Է
ʱϻٶϣѾռԵƣ񽥽ֻм֮޻֮
ʽֻһѣҪһֱڱԷģսʧֻ¸ûʵԸǿˡ
ܺγ֪Ǳ͹ɴʹ˲ƹ
ؼʱ̣չԼĳǿ츳Ȼʹڡӳһʱ䣬ʵҲһ
˵սٴγֽ״̬ƴȫҪսʤߣȴʮѡ
ܱΪʤԷⲻ֪ԷʵܱԼǣֻԷ˳־ս
̲סЦǵ⣬һŮƴһԼԳûˡ
˵۶˭ʤ˭Կ߶Ҫ󣬿߾ǻʤһ
ʱ²΢΢һЦһЦǿߵ̼ˡ
С椣Ϸһúģ
޼ɵЦһµǷߡ
ʱһֻΡΡ֣ȻҪµ
ɫңˡţԣ
´

߱ǿƴ׶ԷΪԶԶԼ


1389 
ǣΣҲû뵽ԼץŮԼΪҪǿ
ѵˣⲻܣʵǱǿΪλᱻץסѵǹ𣿿ǣҲ̫ˣ
߼˽ԼǿЦЦⲻ֪һЦȴȫȫĿЦЦΧЩĪ

³һŹ£лڻԼˡ
һģʱܵս
ӦϷ̫ţˣļһ˿ǿƸϷ
뵽ǹһֻٴγµͷץȥ
ɵѾ˵ĺˣҪңɣôڱɱ㡣
ͻȻعͷǿ߳һЦһЦȴÿߵͲ
ˣˣȻαװĵͼߣϷôŹϷ򣿡
߲ջ֣ͬʱҲֲ̾еľΧ߸Ӳ⡣
صĸ֣ôǸأ
͵͵Ƴһȴİ˲٣ٿǸ֡
ѣڿ𣿡
ĴͻȻŵÿͬȽŵĺӣڿ㵸ΪΪ졣
Ҳαװĸ֣үֲ̫ˣϷøϽߣ
룬׼ջطʱȴǷͬڹ˸ȻôҲղ
ⷨϷҪˣֻҪܱס֮
ţԶȥ
ӲˣѾϴӡˣӵĺǣҲ׷ϲɱġ
Ĵǿ߲㱻ŵĴӿе䣬ʱǡ÷·߱һεǽ赲ǣֻεķԭء
ǰе֮ǰԭ°
ͼ빫£ȴָ޷͸ˣԼΪǶʵڲ̫Զˡ
ܵսԽң˫ȫӦĴ򷨡
ܶԣʱҪƴֻҪĶԷˣϾһǿߡ
ȻԣʱƴǾԲˣ޷ܣôԼҪܱҵˡ
ɣ
еսͻȻڴʱǿҵս£ȴԽսԽ£ʼЩţӲƴȥ
ʲôʦʲôͽܣ
սͬߣʱȻʼռȫƣƾһ㣬Ϊ֮Ժ
ңսĻһ츳ѵߣӵǿĴм䣬ʽأһͬ߿ԶԸġ
ܲƴڲú󣬺ܿ㷢ԼƴĻᶼʧȥˣΪԼǲϵıģԷȻԽԽǿ󣬴˳£ԼǶԷĶ֡
ȵʧ񲻸Ķ֣УǿͷֶԸ
ţԽĹѹơ
ѣһ֮
ܴҲʲôˡ
Ѿ֪ԼǰˣʱȴǸʸûУܸǲܣҪǼԸֻǶָǨŭԼ
ô죿
߼Ҫ޳Űӣ㲻Ҫǰһ˶Ըɣ򲻹׼ȥɣ
ԣеŭ͵һȻĺģ쵰˵õĻ쵰㲻˵ҪȥҪǲæҲսˣ
߻δţȴǴԲͽȥˣʱȴ㣬ȥɱǸǿʵ
˾ǣǻҪɱˣүʲôˣΪʲô˹Ź֣
и̾
ȥɣ

ӣϷڱ㣡
ͻȻı̬ȣԥĳ֮ܵС
ûĵĻˣ죬Ҫסˡ
ܴϲʱóûָһˡ
ɼԷ˼йд󼱣ֻүû¡
֪ҪǿߣʱȥˣһһսսȶԷ˼ս⻹ࡣ
һǰ£Լսڷһսб֣ʱֵĸһ㡣
߽ĻԼһȥʩչ˵ɺڵ
һҪȥҲˣǣһսڴʱֳʤ
񲻸СƶԷܵԷǿƺ󣬵Լʤ㼸һ㡣


1390 
ɺڣмûһ𣬵ȴҲŷǳʵ
ܳûһϢǿ
̫ˣȻǿȥԸͽܣⲻŰͽ𣿡
²µǿߴˣǸκжġ
÷Կຮ֪ɣ츳Ҳ˶٣ԣÿһεսĻᡣǸָ޷ʵˣԣҾѡˣǿ£һἤǱܵġ
ЦŻشжġ
Ŷѵ˵飿
Цʵ
ǡǡ෴ɱ񣬸ҿɲ飬ûκκô
ٺЦ
̬ʦ̫̬ˣҲͽܣҪͽܣһģǶĲѵͽͻȻˣ
ɻʵ
㻹̫Сˣҵͽܣзִ磡Բ׵ı˻ܣ
ЦȻĹս
Ϊ˴ʱսѾʼˡ
һչǿѹɺڵѹ̸ϵʮѡ
ڿߵѹ£񼴱ûﵽ޷ĵزȴҲоڣΨ˳֮Ÿо˲١
ǰʹ˲֮ǣ־񲻵ɾ롣
𣡡
ȭգ͵ķһͬҰްҰĺ˫۾ȻıˣȻ͵һ󣬷ɽǰ
ⷬжͻȻоеѹҪС˲٣ǣٴζ󣬷ɽÿһΣѹһ֡
СǴȻҵҲѧˣѵΪʦͽԵʣ
а
ʱӦſߵѹһȫӦˣǿߵѹ㲻ռݶˡ
ͬɵƵģȻо̾ڶԷǿ󣬾ȻԵڵΪԵԼɺڵѹ
ѣǲе㷸ɵ죬

ߵ͵һȫû뵽ԷĴȻԴ͸Լ
عʱߵһһɫķɽ

֪ȡʤǷĺһն
ӦԷѹȴû뵽ԷĽ˿㵽ˣ֮£񱩺һ͵һӭ϶ԷĽ
һֱѡӲӲȻǴڱ״̬¡
ҺϷӲƴˡ
Цмﵽƽ֮
䣡
˵ĽڿһȻһοֲıըǿߵֻ΢΢ζһ£ȴǸоڷ飬ԷĽԼֱһ⡣
ۣ
һַסؿڣ۵³һѪ֪ԷʵԶԼ֮ϡ
һιЧߺ⣬ҲΪ̾Է츳
ڵߣԼһֻ²ɱҲʧȥսԷֻˣȴǸûʧȥս
ʧʧ
ûٴδһֱչ˲ƣĿѾ˶Էôˡ

зĽе
¾ЩȥΨᱻǿɱ
ʱȴȻ΢ЦĹսжȻģΪԼĵӡ
д󾪣׸ֳҫ۵âһִһֳֽ
̫СˣΪ޷̽Լ˲ƹ켣ʵʶѾﵽ˵ɺڣֻʵϻûﵽ

ߵͻȻʱɫķɽѾնԴ
ɸպ˫ۣӲɳۿǲҺֽŵĸо德ΰĲš
ΪɵΪѾһأʱ֪ǷֵסԷͻϮȻޱȡ
Ȼȴɵģ֮зһ˿Ц⣬ΪĲͬӶ˾Ĳͬ
ǧһ֮ʣķɽ͵ĵס˶Էɱ
Ҳû뵽ԷȻԵֵסԼ˲ƹг˾Ǿ
䣡
񼴱ǵֵ˶ԷĹΪĲ࣬廹ǱԷɳȥһѪС
Ϸ
ߴһƸһ㲻Էڶ˲ƹѾɱ
˼ѵ£ûκ·Ҫܼǲܵ飬ֻоٽӭ
һαɳȥȻǿ߾ȻҲ
ʵôԽԽǿôܣӦ˵ķǳ󣬴ʱӦóǿ֮ĩǣ
ţȴһҲͣٴι
ǿǿһ˵ԣһδˣǣⷴս⣬£ÿһֻսΪǿ


1391 
Сӣ츳ҾȻƣȻҲսʱΧ
аޣеЦŨ
СӵǱʵױȰʱգԻǸеĸ֡
Ҳ˼ֶߣж츳̾ѡ
꣬ʱ٣ܹ˶̵ʱڵĵزҪǿ츳ſɵġ
һδεѪһδεıԷˣȻȴһҲûǸÿߵҲֱܵη塣
ӣæ
߾ֵĺ
ϢôãʱҲ˶ֺǿ֣ҲҲܸ
˽ֻǱʵϣʵڷȫ츳־йء
ȵÿһΣԼҪɺζҪɱѶȴ
ܾȻҲѡ˲ƹſ߹ļЪ䣬ȻĹ˶Է
Ҫ˲ܶ˵ĹǱܱļһɲǼ䣬۾ѾһƬѪ죬ȻӿһƬĺâ
񻯣ܺã
Խϲû뵽ͽܵ츳ԼǷǳӽ
񻯺Ѿ˰ʧȥǵ״̬УֻһͷǱǴһеĵˡ
͵Ϯ֮£һɣҲŴˣ徹Ȼʮ⣬Էȴǽɲ
һ֮£ҲѪĵزиǷĺų
ʵֵߵ˲ƹʱȻֻʮңѪ

߲ŵŶԷû뵽ԼҲ˰ңһԼȻֻռ΢ơ
΢ҲͰˣؼǶԷʵУǸֲźš
ô죿
鲻ԽͣսҲǣսҲǣһ֮㲻
ǣԭռƵߴʮεĵزսҲǣսҲǣ
Χ˷׷겻ѣЩ֪Ϣˣʱֻи̾ʦͽ
ģʦΪ㽾СٴˣҲһΪ㽾ġҲ֪СôˣϷǼ˱ˣ˸ô츳ĵӡ츳Ҳ˰ɣһʦĶ˰ɣ
ɼ񽥽ŤתƣвɿϲЩ꣬ûΪĹ
ûսԣһǵ͹Сӣһ̬
аЦʱֻϣһ£ǱսȻͻеΪ
һ㣬һ۾ͿԿϾ˫ʵʵ̫ˣԣһ츳ǿʦԿָһ츳Ĵӡ
ָ㣬ٶȽܿΪһԪڵһ֡
ಣ
Ȼ˲ˣ
ܵǾδ
ɣսɣսɣ
ĺ˲͵ϮĿȴܡ
ܴʱҪĹʮֵļѣʹôмġӳȴǿԱɵĻɡ
򲻹СӣǾ׼ɣ
ٴΰʩѹ
߱ѡ񣬵Ȼ㲻һеĳ񣬿дţɣȥɣҪɱ㣡
˼ַ״̬һս˴ΧߣúԭŶӵȺݳǵ߼ȫΧۡ
ⳡսǾʵģʷǰʤǿѾ𽥳Ϊµǿߣ˹սҲ򵽺ܶǳҪĶ
ǱΪҪǿĸ֣ʱҲͨսΪˣΧߵѾ㳬һǧ֮ࡣ
ȴǸоЩû뵽һս˶ߣ֮߳ΣԼûԵʵ˺
̫嶯ˣһսʤ˭֪û鷳أз磡ľ֣ش֮
а̾һֵΣͷ
սڼȴԽԽǸıѾ˺ۣĹ£ӽڱɱıԵ
߻ţȻѾΪÿһԷսԼ˵ľҲԽԽԶ
ǲսʤģ
н˸뷨ΪԼ˶ԷĸҲԼ
һǿ߱ԸҵսϧԶûʱ£Լƾ޹ʵ
ģԵĲģ
ⲻܸıʲôʲôܸı䣡
ƼˣǾͬھѡԪԱĸҲֹ
ѾЩˣһҲöԷù

Ƶĺڳ˶ԷεķŭһڵֵסȻԷһն׼
ɱĺã
ɼ߬ȭͷ


1392 
һĹâܻŭʱͻȻܵķɱѾԼԪ֮֡
Ҫ
ܾеԪ֮嵱׼ߵķ˲ƣʱֻı
Ԫ֮壬ʱȻҪ׼
ڿ߷֮ǰķɽ֮ͻȻųһɵɫĻ档

ܱǵɫĻ裬֮ʱȴһŵɫĻѾԼԪ֮֡
һܵǾ겻ѣʱ⵭ɫ˲ƳȥǱȵ컹ѡ
ʩչ֮󣬵ֵߵĹ򱻻涨˿У޷ܡ
߼ʶĻֶΣиӾʱĽҲȫƴΪ
Ȼȥɵһ˿ߣڴʱͻȻͣڿУӢϾȻ¶һ˿ϲɫ
Ȼͻˣ̫ˡڴﵽ˵ɺΪ
ҲΪ̫˷ˣȻһɤֱÿ߲ӿеȥ
ȥӣ
ʹһ֮ȴǷֶԷζЦ⡣
ǰɱ
߷˼ս뷨ķݣⲻ˾ˡ
¶ԾһľȻ˵˿ɣֻȴһۣƺʲôҲǲЩĻɡ
ˣǿɱϷ˵ͽܣǧҪȴǣȥ
һ̾Ϣ
ǰʦô
˸͵
ʱ˿ֻ̣˶ݵʱȶڵʶƺı䡣
ѣ׼ɣ
ԷɽָԷһ顣
һϷͺƴˣ
Ѿȫʧȥ˼սľģ޿κεѡҵľ
СģҪԪԱˡ
ѵ
ʵѣֻԷЩ⣬˲ƹԷ
ĺã
߸㲻ܣƾԷ˼ڽ״¸ϣ϶Է汳
ಣ
ȴûнԷɫķɽϾȻҫһŵĻ棬ȵǿ߾Ѿڻ֮С
߸ƶȴԼմȾϻ󣬾ȻѸٵڻڣ󺧲ѡ
Ψ޷ֹԷԪԱǼͷŻ棬ֱǿȫڻС
ͬھɣ
͵ԪԱȴԼ޷Ա
ô
߾Ī
ԪԱԪԱǲͬھˡ
Цһ١ҲЦ
ʦͽ
·𿴵ԼӰһ㣬ָоǺˬġ
ߣƶԷԪԱģΪʮֺԣΪԶߺɱԷͬߣֻܴܶԷȴɱԷԪ֮塣
Ȼ츳̬ߣעܱߡ
һѾ֮С
ڻ֮нʱ߸ܵĵطûУһȫ˱״̬֮С
Ƭ̹ȥߵѾǻһ룬Ȼһն׼Ѿɱ
ȡЯռԪ֮ķСĽߵԪ֮ȥ
ɣ
ܿĵ⵹ԥһ˲䡣
ȻԥԼǷװĶԪ֮᲻⣬һᣬǾðΪ֮
ǻ֮кƾðһǿֵܾļУȻȴսڡ
һУڵĻ潫ܵԪ֮ѹƣ׼ҸʱչԪ֮塣
ѾʮðˣϾΪ֮ǰͬߡ
ͬߣǸѡɶԷģڼڽܿˣҲһʱ֮ɵġ
ȻͬߣҲɲ֤ڲͬʵ
ߵĵҲڴʱʧһֳַɽϴЦ⣬ȻϢΪʾԪӤҡ
Ȼô˹ս
аԳԾʱɵǰ˶ϵķЦ˵λˡ
лȣ²ʤм
Ĺ˵Ϸ
λؿ˵̫ն񣬶λ˾֪λǲ׼ݳǣ
΢Цѯʵ
ǵģҶ׼ݳǣ˭֪ᷢ飡ζȣֻѾ𡣡
Ц˵
ʱΧΧѾѸٵɢȥһңһԭصȴƺδ


1393 
ѾĵĵߣӱҪ뿪ǣȴ˿
ʦĪҴǶ˵뿪
æ͵ν˾ȵףڱ¶˲ܣֻ˺ܿᱻ˵Ŀꡣ
ɲһǱ㰴û
һԽȥ׽Էĸо˶Էòһ⣬һжһĪиС
֪γƺ
Цʵ
ԡ
˵һ֣ȴϰԵĴա
ԭҲʦһգԵְ
ΪˣȴԽЩˣôǸŮȤȴƽʮȤأ
ǺǣԵ֣
ˬʵЦҲΪ˷ܣϾ˾Υͽܡ
ѣ֪ʲôأ
ȤʵʱΧΧٴɢȥһ롣
һɢޣɣԲŻᵼΪԱûС
ЦϷݵùĿɿڴ
ʦһͽܣ֪ôأ
ͻȻϲ˵
ͽܣ
£оɼͬʱʵ
ǰôôأ
񷴵Щʵ
Īͽܣ
ָʵ
ǰ
صĵͷһģﲻסЦ
ݣСսľѾĵزΪľʮǿġ
Ȼʱ˿̣ľȴһ˲ˣĿɿڴΪˡ
꣡
ʵڰ಻סˣΪҪǱסЦҲ˵Ч
Ǻǣ
ľչǺǿˣֻǵЦźεȻ޷졣
ͽܣ̫˼ˡ
ҲָЦǿָֻƽɫֻ¹»̲סʾܡ
û뵽һżͽܣͽܻʦͽܣ̫ĵˡ
ľľƽͣùºܿʶʱ˵ܵʱ̡
ǰ֪ʦǷ׼أ
Ц˵֪һ۰ԼֵҪӦûõͬ⣬οԼҪͽܣͽˣǶԱһӵ顣
ɵϸֳһֹŹֵЦ⣬Ҳ̻ش⣬۾´
ԪӤڵΪʿ㲻
Це˵Ȼ˵СӣָϷƣ
æȥΪͲ뱻ΪͽܣҲûԼʱ䡣
ֶοԲ̽Էʱ䣬ֻ׽סֲһӣ̾ȵ
ʱ˼꣬ڵʵȫ֮һɺڣһԪӤڣ츳ô
ҡҡͷ¶һ˿ЦȻǶʷǳʧ
ʦҲΪûʦָ㣬ŻҾӦúܲģҶġ
˵һҲԸðķͷ
ĴӺζ۾ݣ츳ǿĶȥˣΪηҪΪͽأ
ɲľ
ʦѾˣ
һЦ仰þɵһ
Сӣ˻ϷʲôϷ򰡣
ɴӵ۾˵ȴһҲϾʱȻԼмӣѾʮֲˡ
Ҫ֪츳ڵʵѾʦˣʵԭеʦȻһеľ
ߣʵչǾһеĹؼڣ
ԳЦЦŻָԭе飬۾ʵѣһʣһɢޣԣΪͽܣ֪أ
⣬ֻԵʣѾΪôأ츳Ҳôصͽ
ôԱԼĵΪͽأͲ˱ֵˡ
а
ɣǳǳıǸʱûʦĴ㣡
εЦ⻰þʦͽͬʱһ㶡
ôû뵽ԼΪԷôܾѷĻأ
ɺڵԪӤڵΪͽ۴ĸǶԪӤڵ߶׬ˣҪǲԸģɵϻҪɵϡ
ǣǰ˿ŲɵΪʲôܾԼأ
һʱ䣬׷˼ΧˣǾѾյһɱˡ
ʶ̧٣̫ʶ̧ˡ
ɴŭͻȻɽɱһ
ɾҡ
㵽ı󣬶񲢷ǲߣȻʱɱ
ʦϢŭȻԸ⣬Ǿˣ
Цеţþһʹǳ嶯ɱɢ


1394 
ߣʧʶ̧ٵļһ
ɺܿͨˣȻͨˣҲûмƢıҪˡ
ۿžҪָɢΧΧѾֻʣ¼ʮˣҲЦȥֻʣһɫߣʱûȥ˹
âһɽѾС
ͻȻפ㣬۾һһɨͻȻ¶һĨЦݡ
˾֮ʱͻȻͬŮ˰˫֣˫ڿнӡͻȻʲôƵģоĪΣա
ҵĺ棡
ȵһһգһٴеɫ
ոպֻ۾һǰѾ仯˾һɵĿռ佫УǸ˵ǰ
д󾪣Ϊûﵽڵľ磬ȴмʶֻһ۱֪Էʩչ
ܹɶУԷʵҪԶǿο׶༪ˡ
аŭ񷴶ǵˣΪ˾ǣҲ뿪Ƿ֮ˡ
ʲôˣΪ
侪ȴû¶˿֮⣬ϾԼΪǿģԼûģ֮ô죡
¸£СӹȻмֵϷעѾܾˣǿǿ츳ˣȻԻԪ֮塣ǲϷ֮⣬СӦûɼܰɣԪ֮ļܣ
ЦɭޱȣƺѾܶˣȫ˱ĵز
£㵽ô˵ɣ
򶨵ʵѾµ˶ԷΪԶԼ֮ϡ
¸£ܼ򵥣ϷξݣĿֻһǾһ˼̳²ͻȻС츳ˣˣϷΪͽ
߶񣬻һδ֮оȻ̰֮ɫ
˽û뵽ͻȻĳΪͽܣʦ֮ˡ
˵ЦˣѾ˶λʦҪλʦңħߣߣôѡħΪʦ
񲻿˵һڻؾħߵ顣
Сӣ۹⻹ȻѾϷħߵݣܺãҾܾϷҲϷ֮е飡ϷҪ㣬ûʸܾܾ϶űɱ׽ˣ
ߵɢһ˿ݶȻھ˵һһӹ
óѣڴˣ̤ҵʬȥ
˵д󼱣ΪԼ̽鲻ԷΪ
¸£̫ˣ㣬ķѴ֮
˵˫ǰһ˫ѸٵӿѪǵĹâ
ԽԽľ֪ԷħߣеĹâ˹죬һħ
СӣϷġѪӡɣı뷨ϷΪʦǾʹ˵
ߺٺЦȻƾһƺ
սףȻһָ˲½ƣԷɽ϶ԷġѪӡ
ɵһƣһѪӡڿƾշŴȻٵĳ
ĽնѪӡʱǿеѪӡͻȻһֹķʽƶ
ǵ޴ѪӡȻͬһֻ֣Ȼ仯ΪצĽץȥ
һ
ĿѪӡץУȻһ죬ǽѾɢԷѪӡȴԽԽ󣬶ɫ
ΪƸΪ꣬ʱĴݶԷǷǳеġ
һ֮䣬ѪӡȻڿдŹâѪˣѪӡҲĳץȥ
߾Ȼ˫ۣ촽ٵ¿ϣͺ߶
˹ĽʽǵһۼѪӡԼץٴնһ
Ȼһ֮ѪӡʼʩȻԽֲ
ִǵѪд󺧣û뵽ԷѪӡȻԼĽ
⻹ֲģֲԼĽƺ˶ԷѪӡǽѪӡһ㡣
ѵͬҵĻЧһѪӡɽԪ֮壿
зٵ⣬ѪӡٶȲ̫죬ʱæı˷
ѪӡͬһŴţԾӲвɴʱ˿̣Ψƴ
ͷŽѪӡƺǿˣҲҶ֮ͷŽ
ߵ¶΢Ц߶ͻ룬ƹȥߣѪӡжϡ
ֻͻƿеѪӡȻƵڣǸ⡣
ѪӡָֻÿָֻޱߣҲ񲻸Сӡ
빫ſеѪӡвɰЦ˵޽⣬Ȼ˶ԣԷѪӡ̫Сˡ
θһѪӡѾ˱仯һָ͵Ĺ


1395 
ָͬһ㣬ȻϮٶȲر죬׼ܿģǼֻһָвһ
ξͬˮеǡôǵָ֮һĽ͵ĺնǸָ
ۣ
ĽȻնָʱԼĽȻʧ˿С
ʱ߷һЦԭնϵָȻָֻˣָͬ͸һ㣬ȴ̺ǿ
ƺ̽ͼѪӡ͵ǰͨѪӡķ
еϵΪѪӡ̫ŹˣԼÿһιǽƺᱻѪӡգԼûаƿԡ
һҪȥ
дע⣬չٶȳԷıȥ
ѪӡͻȻڿת˶͵ĳȥֱ̫ˣΪоһԼ޷ӦԵԼ
ɽĹ֪ҲûõģȻԷɽƣ޷öԷѪӡԽǿ
ƵͬʱѪӡѾ͵ĳͷ£ʱϵս͵ķҫ۵Ĺâ
ֻܽӡԼǿӡϡ
¡
ֻ޷ƵĴԼķɵ棬Լϵս׶Ѿıˣ޷ɾ޴
ۣ
һ³ѪеķɽЩȣڶԷѸһ£ԼѾ֮С
Сӣʵ̫ϷĶ֣ôϷͽ𣿡
лŵЦ
룡
ŭһĨǵѪڵͨѪӡء
ಣ
סʹ͵ŵУٶѾﵽļٶȡ
ѪӡƺʧȥĿ꣬Ȼڿв˵ͨѪӡķֱӵûѪӡһ档
аϲɻûüͻϮʱߵ͵һתֻѪӡҲѸٵת˹
һ뷽跨ͻѪӡķҲͺˣΪԷѪӡȻת䷽

̾һԤϵһǸʹѪӡ߷Ϸˣ
ߵΪҪɱҲ׾ٵ飬Ȼȴ¶ԼʵΪͽܣɲ²Ŀġ
ΪͽܣΪħߣħޱȣҲûпܸѧϰħǲͽܣΪβɱأ
һķ׹ԭԷΪ츳ҲֻԭԽ͵ͨ
ûץ񣬾ѾץˣȻĴӵۣȴ޷ıʲô
ǺǣɣżʲôأżһȤ顣
ͻȻ˵
ɻһ𣬲ӶҪɳۿһ˼֪ڶԼ
ȻԴԼ˵ԪӤڵΪԼΪԶԶԼҪǿĶࡣ
ǰΪʵڣʲôĿģ
ɵˣѾ£ֱĻĳҡ
ϣΪ֮ϣϣԾ
ţȴͻȻԼղŲɱʱָ㲻ĿģǱٵĺˡ
ھ׼¹µʱȴյ˹µĴ
ɣôҶɱ⣿ѵ㲻ɱͽ𣿡
Ĵþɵһͨͨͣ
˺һᣬźɵŶˣôҲǻˣдϲ
оˣ
дϲȻԸ˴
λǰǾȾɣǰеĵطλǰ𷣡ֻҪܾ񣬾ɱ£ҲĸԸ
ͼȴ޷ˣǣ˵ΪҪȾɸߵĶ࣬ȻԵ֪Ĵ
ɣͱˡˣҲˣ㱣֤
ЦŴ¶ЩɵɵЦ⣬еĵҲ֮ɢ
ߵѪӡԽԽǿ󣬶ѪӡȴʩչĹϷˣ
֪ܰܣѾ״̬УȻˣȻ޷ѪӡƥС
ʵ̫ԶˣȻƴȫҲչȻ֮١
սȥҲͻΪǾսʤδɻٵš
׼ڴʱ¶ݣΪĬĬĹ۲һҪӵжô㣡
ȻǸħ߷ΪʦҲЩŭˡ
ô꣬δչһֱΣʱ˿ֲ̣Ļᡣ

һ̾ϢѾõĽг⵹һ
Ǹ߸ǱһΪԷֻǸԪӤڵߣôͻɺõĽأ


1396 
ѣ̫Σˣ
ʱ˿̣û뵽ǰ˱Լһֱʦ
˭
棬ŲʱѾָ˱Ŀ
ʦ
񼤶ĪѪӡв֮УѪӡҲоΣƵģѪӡٵأΧһȦ
ĻΪʦıֱȽ⣡
΢Ц˵ȦҲЩ졣
񼤶ĳ˹Ȼڿӵһ
ʦˣ
ǰָֻСƵģҪ޳ģ
Ϊʦͷ۸㣬ΪʦʵڿȥˣһߣΪʦΰѵѰ·ͷ
Գ˵һĵȻЦħҲɫ䣬Ϊʱ̽ȻԪӤڵΪ
ߣԲѣΪӵʵ߷Ϸᱻƭ𣿹Ƕˣ
߹˵ȴЩ֣ΪͻȻɱȫ֮⡣
ŶѪӡϧǰǵСˣ
˵ɵĴǸΪɡ
ã¾ͳһѪӡɣ
ЦٴαĿ߶ֻѪӡһȴͻȻǿѪӡȻĿҪγѪ

ǵصѪӡֻȵƾѪӡԼ֡
ôܣ
߾еԭѪӡȻ޷ӽԷɷΧڣŬ߶ħѪӡȻ޿κΡ
ʲôѪӡ̫ˣ
΢΢һЦͻȻһȭѪӡȥ
ߴϲ׼ѪӡնԷȭʱͻȻֶԷȭԼ޷ա
䣡
ɵһȭȴֱӽѪӡըѿѪ׷׽䣬ߵҲ޷ڿУȻѪڵء
ʦΪһȭʹ
񼤶˵Ŀг˳ء
Ŷ꣬Сôôǿˣүˣ죡Ϊ츳ѾǾݵһˣû뵽Сӵ츳ҪࡣϷ̫Ϊˡ
૵һ˫ӼҪѿžȵЩùҲЦ
ҪϷûʹֶΣ
߲Ƿϣȵ
Ŷ㻹ʲôֶΣʹɣĿġ
˫֣˵ĸַ緶ֻվڿУһ鲻Խ붥Ĥݵʡ
ħ
ĺһ֮ӱз
ȻǴ˵еħ֣ʦһҪСİ
һֽΨжԷҲԴӵħĸ֡
ħ壡
Խ˷ܵĺں֮ʵ屶ϣеı
¸£Ϸӵħû뵽ɣȻҪôˣôϷ㣬ħԽϷʵ屶ϣ
ϿУһЦԽġ
屶ʵһɱңʦҲֻ˺̵ܶһʱ䣬ԵֵԷĹ𣿡
ʮֵĵģһĵЦŷ
ʦһʧģ
ͻȻ˵Ȼ󼤶һƽ
Ŷû뵽㾹ȻħҺŶ
⳰Ц߼ȾŭٴչѪӡ
εѪӡС࣬ȻѪӡγɵѹȴֱӱѹڵأһ
ֻֻӻӣ̸оеѹȻһ˲ȫʧ
˾ȵѾ޷ǿʵ
ߺȻæȫ߶ѪӡϧıѪѪӡﵽǿ״̬
ҪӡҾͷ㵽ףҲӡɣ
΢΢һЦһӣҲҪκεͻȻһֻɫӡӡԷӡСһ㡣
ߣȥɣ
˫Ŀ͵Ŀ
ѪӡٳȥֻЦЦǿеĺӡѸٵӭȥ
͵ʹѪӡȡĹȻȴֶԷĺӡȻ޷ȡ
䣡
ӡݺݵײѪӡϣѪӡ̱ӡײķ飬һΣһξıڵء
Ѫӡֻ꼻һ֣ܿӡķ飬򲻶ϵĿԳѪӶҪɳˡ
һΣʶԷǿʵˣǱڵأġ
ɴˣСİɣСԸɴΪ̷벻
Ϊ˻ϧǣľҲ̫ˣҲˣȻظ֡
˼Ϊҿϣ˵ˣ۸ҵĵӣһɷŹ𣿡


1397 
Ȼ΢Ц˵һ˲ңǱŵĻһ仰Ҳ˵
ĸЧ
ֻӲͷƤٴμɽ׼ƴֵʱͻȻоһֻɫֳԼץ
ڶԸаʱãʱʹȻѪӡҪǿٶȼȿӵǿѹ
˵ʵ̫ˣ߸ûӦӡ׾ٵĽץҲ޷ѡ
ƾ㣬Ҳ۸ĵӣߣĺã
ߵǺɫĴͻȻзɶݣҲߵ島֮С
ǰۿַҲһЩʱǽɷ߱㱻ɵɡ
ԺסԷ֮ڣԷҲ޷пԪԱ
ѾɵˣԼǿĶ֣ȴ׾ٵƷˣңЧԼĸΪǿٱ
ǰ
һѾ˾ɵǰ
һ㶣ű̷ӦȭҵʵڲҵӦóƺΪǰˣ
ǰôأͽܣҲҵͽܣôڱཻͬͬĺã
ƽ׽˵ЦһҲûаư֮ɫ
ɲΥ棬ͷǣ̬ȷԵЩ֡
ʦصĺѹ֣˵ԼôŮûȤȴһеȤأԭΪʦԵʣ
Ц
Сӣʦò㣬ܵʦ͵͵۲켸£Ľǳ󣡡
ͷ˵Ȼܵλʦø㣡
ʦã
㶣֮㹧񣬳ƺΪʦ塣
ʦ
ºǺЦһҲûмӣ⵹һϲ
˷ϣʬ޴棬ͻδֹһ㡣
˵˵ЩľΪʦ
Ȥ״
ǣ㿪ʼɫĽЩľЩҲΪ棬ˣ빫Ҳķǳ档
ʱ
һۣѾڽҹȵ˳ʱΧ߷׷¶ȵĿ⡣
ʱĵ׳ΪʵǿʦͬУǰȫʮ㡣
ҲҪˣ⻹Ϊڴ˵Եʡ
˻ȥ߳ɣǰ㴫һȣѪôûȵʩչʲôסѪϣ
Ѫϣ
ʹѪӡߣԷ˵֮ӦǴɡ
ͬʱɵСŶУֳ˵֮䣬ȴЩΡ
ɣʦĻΪãһԶԣѸΪȻ㲻ģʦȻ֡
ȻĻ󣬶Ҳϰһʱĵ͵
ͻȻ˽ԿҲԾĳȥ
ǸˣЩĪʵѣѪ˭¸㲻ʶôʩչıסأ㲻Ҫԩ˺ˣ
Ǹԣ㲻ţΪղſۼѪϽЩ˶ħУԼһֱڴ˴Щ֣ѪȴѾ֪١
СӣƱ磡ѪϷʦܣߣǸϿ˵ʵϷ㽫ʬΡ
˵ѪϵΪơ
Ѿµ˶ԷʵѪ֮£鷳ˣҲ㲻ΪʦڴˣԼֻ¸׸
ðɣҾʵʵ˵ѪϣѾɱˣΪһǾͱߣ㲻Ǿ͸Ͽ
ʱҲûʲô˼ɣΪ鷳ҲǶ㲻ġ
˵ŭǸˣǲ롣
ϰԵ뵽ǵжʱһɡ
Ҳû붼ѪϾȻѾˣԷҲһҲúоɣСĽ̽һȥֻǵɺڵߡ
ǰ˱һֱ֪ΪǾɵΪС˵ΪȫԺԲơ
ʦħ˵ãôᱻĸɱأĪʦ߻ħȻ˳ûնɱ
ţʱŭɽߡ
˭ɱѪϣϷҪѪծѪ
ĺȵȻ׵뿪
СΨֲСıԷɱˣǺȻǿ˼һħ򣡡
˸ղų򣬾Ȼֱħ߶֮УεȻȫ͸ģΧ߿ԶԶĹۿ
һ֣ԼҲװ׵ġ
ͽû취Ϊ̫߳࣬ʦֽɣ
Ц˵жɱЩħߵȤ󣬲Щ˵Ԫ֮Ҳ̫Ҳʤޡ


1398 
ʦѪɱģ
оɽȻٴеĶ
ҵȻʦҸɱѪϣû뵽Ѱ·ҲΰɱǣȴҪ˻Ѱ˼Ҿͳȫɣ
˻һǺ̼ħ
ӵħħڴ˵ѾǷǳǿˣһʱ䣬ԶԶΧˡ
ɱϷϷҪΪʦܱǶ
Ϊŵ˵עѾȫϡ
Сӣһбɱ㣬Ųţ
΢Ц˵Ǻиǽţȴš
ɷûУҲҳ˿ԣϷôܻĿԣϷƫа
շɽڽɵĺȵ
ðɣ׼ˣҪˡ
ν˵ѶԷ׼ãʵЩ˾÷˼
񼤶ĶеúÿһɱԷġ
ΧΧҲԽԽ࣬һ¶˷֮ɫطÿ춼мĵ鷢
Ϸû׼ãһȣ
չЩ飬ϾʦѾ˶Է£ԼһҪޱȵĽ
ʱȼսףȻʩչħΪǿ׼˼ӣŵ˵Ϸ׼ˣɣϷͲһԪӤڵ߿ɱң
ܺʹʾַվ﷢飬ǿһνЦʱ
ʱͻȻЩԼ̫嶯ˣ£ԼӦʹȥ̽Էĵϸһ㡣
ˣ
˵Ѿ˫ۣдΪš

΢΢һЦȴԭزѾȵʮֽš
ֻǣһ˲ʱѣǺ˵Ѿʧˣƺûƶ
аĺʧ˻Ϊʩչ˲֮Ȼ˵ĵȴȴʲô鶼ûз
ʧĺܳףͺƴӲϣҲƴδƶȻǵЦ⡣
ҲһˣΪڹµУһ£ɱ˵ĶҲûܿ
ħǺ˵ʧнʼսǸֶȴѾµǺѾɱˡ
ʦ
񼤶ĺһжĳԸӣôû뵽Ȼﵽַ˼ʵ
Ѿˣû˿۸ĵӶܳͷ
΢΢Цȴ˶޷ӡ
ͷҲֻƾожΪˣֻ֪ΪǿԸӵĵز
ȻɢȥѵҲа𣿡
ǰȵȺ׷ɢȥΪûС
һս֮㱻ǣ
˽棬Ȼ߱ĵĳ֣߹֮ʱ޲Ծ뿪ԶΨֵ˵ĵɱ
Ŷʱǰ߷׷׳·ãȫĿ˳
ʦǺպǶҵ·ˡ
ЦԺޱȡ
ѡ˳Ĭипǧǽȣȼǵֻ꣬ܳƺԼΪǰȴǱԼʵǿԼཻͬѹ֮󣬿֪
ΨгĬɲŸоһЩΪеԺʱҲ˵΢ЦĿһ츳׵ʦͽ
ǰߣȻó·ҪǲܾǲԺҪʦƨżʱգһﵽʦڵΪġ
ЦȻȭó·ʾ⣬Щ߷׷ױϹϾĻ
аû뵽ʦΪȻЩӣǱҲȭó·ʾ⡣
ʦͽˣһ·Уǰĵ·Ҳͨ裬ֻҪǸղſ˵¼ˣʱûɲÿ·
УΪǺ˵ߣΪĵϸΪȫֻѡá
ɵߵ˳ſڣ߲¸λ
ſڵĶʿıֱ˵ҲΪŶӵ߷׷׸õҲһ漣ˡ
ʿάֵ˵ǰ֮һ֮ߡ
֣ͻȻ־Ȼһ͸Ŀ裬ԭ֮㱻˽ơ
һźöӣ
һ߲ͷĺȵ
Ƿֳţһţһţһš
׼ŶӣһѾЩͷˣÿһ
ǽȴһ˫ۣһ㣬ӴҪݳǵߡ
Ϊ⣬׼ǰĽƣȴоһֵֻԼǰ


1399 
عصˣŶȥ
һ߶ȵЦЦЦѰ·
׳գʦӦùô׳ţֱߵ
̶ԷԼʦǱ㲻һĺ
ĪҪ嶯
ɴ󼱣æȰ˵ЩʲôһıӰǱ͡
ߣСӣݵңˣǼҲȫˡ
ЦȻ˷ɽҲͬʱɽ
һģȻǹͬˣŭҲɽ
ŽƣֻǿԷΣȴǸ޷̽鼸˵Ϊ
ʦԸĶ𣿡

Ҫʦݳŵģ㾹Ȼʦʵ
شʱ˵
ˣȻʦɣսһ
ηƵŶӵд󾪣û뵽˸սȨ
֪ôŵߣȻݳǰơ
ϷˣСӣ
һ˵ţмҪŭ档
ҲĶɱ˵Ļһ˵ɱˡ
Ǻǣλ˶ŭαأȣͽֻάңǱ֪ˣαصأʩ
˵ⷬڽȻ˶ԣȻơ
ݳһְĿɲݵСɣһҲֻĴţע˳ʵԲȥ
λʦ֣Ǿ֤ɣЩʦܵģʦȻᰴչشǣ
ǰ߶˹ֵ
ʦܣĪҪ嶯ݴɵģЩļһһʶ
ȥ곤һ˵Ȱ
ǰӱʮ겻ǽݳǺʦҪǻСһ
һҲȰ
λֳȰʦøȥλʦֻ˵ԸԸΪʦ֤
ֱʵ
ȻԸ⣡ʦֵܣ
ͬʱֵ֧
Ǿ㹻ˣлλ
깰˵Ȼʹ־徹Ȼ͸˲ƶ
ݳʱŶӵ߷׷ޱȵ
ǶϷǾͱ˭춼ҪϷս
ȵ˵
һ̽飬бЩʧԭԼ̽鲻ԷʵΪ
ĵһȻƵ΢Ц
ʦΪ
ٺЦԾ˵Ϊ֪ǰĶ֡
ȻݳǵɲɱģǸǸ˭ܸе֪֮ɣһΪҲҴӽбĳѵΪظݳǵţͱ˸һȣ
̽鵽˶ԷʵֻЩ벻ͨɷ߱ߣôôðʧĳԼأ
ϷǻɽɵĳϣѵΪɽɵĳǿƵ𣿡
һ߷׷𾪵⻪ɽʮ֮һ˭Ҳɽɳϵӡ
ɽɣҲ䵱ɽɵĳϣ
˵ϵĻɽɣû뵽Ҳлɽɣʵ̫ɺˡ
ɽɣǸǿɣ
˵һ˼״
ŭɽߣû뵽ԷɽɶûҲУֱһЦ
Ϸˣ
޺޵˵
ôûأ
ȻͬķʵʦͽĬҲþ빫ͬʱЦΧ߿ɲЦһǿбסЦ⣬˭Ҳ׵ĵﻪɽɡ
ǡ
굱治֪˵ʲôźˣֻѪоһһѪȻӿ˺ͷѪŭĴ
ǰɣͼ仰ҲѪһľôģ
ЩԾ⡣
˶ԷѪȴǾòܼȥˣҪǵ˻ɽɣԼʦݣҲ಻Ҫ鷳
ʦ˰ɣûҪһǿɣ磬ͽɣ
˵ⷬҲԼ˵棬Էˣ˵ͽܺͽġ
ಣ
ɽɵĳҲӽгҲ޷ܶԷˡ
ͽ⣿ǲ޷ݣ޷ȥ챨ϷѾȲҪɱˡ
Ǹ˵ҲѪ
վ棬ʱ˵ϻҲǰķԼԿԽġ
޼ɵЦţὫС


1400 
ʲôɵģ
ͻȻʵһ㶣ԼʲôɵģȻʦģôͻȻԼأ
ʦʦɢޣȻҲɢޡɣʦʲôɵģҾʲôɵġ
ЦŽ͵
Ŷʦûи˵ðɣǺˣʦһԪڵĵӣҲһԪڵĵӣ
ڵ˻һڽԾ
һԪڣݵһɵĵӣ
޲ޱȣǻɽɵӶҪɳˣš
ãǰ߲һָ˵Ƕ˵ĵӻһԪڵĵȿðġɽɹΪʮ֮һһԪڣŵӣϷȫʶǸðģ
΢΢һЦĵʦʩչĻþȫͬݣһԪǳ֮һʮɸ޷֮Ტۡ
һ·Ҳ˵ٹһԪڵĴţʱѾסĻԼһԪڵĵӡ
µһڵĵӣû뵽Ҳһ죡
ипǧԼھӵʱ⣬ΪԼһӳҲͳΪһߣߡ
ɽɵĳϾ޴𣿡
ߵ⻪ɽɵðʮֲ֪Ըɱ޹ʱɱɽɵĵӡ
Ǻˣ軪ɽɳϣ
˶Źºȵ
ߣһԪڵӣҲ
°Ȼ˵֮͸Ժ֮ɫ
ɽɵĳϸǲͻȻðһԪڵĵӣЩˣԼִδԣȻŶԷݡ
ƽϣ
˵ͻȻһȻʧԭء
䣡
ĺ¡ǻɽϾȻֱɳ
ͻȻϮޱȣûʱ뻹㱻ǶԷ߷ɳȥ
ã˸֣
д󾪣ֻؿһʹʱҪסΣȴҲ޷쵽
˴ӿصˤ˶ԷʵжôĿֲ
һ֮䣬Ǳˤ棬һɫĶȻһʱ֪˵ʲôźá
ߣǽݳǣв۵ˣǾͱҲˣ
˵ҲǱȻֱӴ֮С
ĿɿڴһУƵ˵ʵҪǿĶ࣬û뵽ԷȻɵĴ˽ȥ
Ҳ룬ȴ͸Ƶ˻вЩơ
Īʦġ
ºǺЦһѾǽ֮С
ĽѣЦŽеĶˣԽ׶˵ʵжôǿˡ
ɽɵԴӶԷп˾Σ˶û뵽ǹ¿ɵĴơ
֮У˶ڳ֮֮Ҳ˽ƣΪǿ
˽ʱȻΣƺûʶ˴롣
ͽܣɣɣ
˵䣬һֻͻȻǽʮдĽ˴˽֮С
ɽŴӵȻɵһһ֪ЩʲôǵϾǾ֮ɫ
һֻʮ˽ǣѾ˾ˣһˣ
мһͻȻЩͷ۾һȴд󾪣ԭ֮⾹İˣɽϲ֪ô£ʱȻ˳֮⡣
Ҫݳǣ
ٺһЦЦߴһ
ϷѾ˵ˣ컹һ˽ݳǣȥŶӰɣ
߲ͷ˵
¿һԪڵӣ
ͻȻ΢Цʵ
Ϊ֮һ֪Էô⣬ҡͷɻûü˵ɣͻȻеһֻĳԼϮ
ң
߾ŭӣȫû뵽ԼڵĽƸͶԶԷûá
˵ȻУѾһѽߵĲסȻǽӲ˳
һԪڵģ㻹˲ͷɣ
˵ϣȻҲĿȴˡ
߸ղѾܵǿʵԼоȻȫûз֮вɰ𾪶Էͷ
ҲѾͬʱ˫ۣһ𾪵Ķ
˭һԪڵģ
΢Цʵ
˶һۣһȭϷһԪڳԪ֪Ǻˣֱݳǣ
һԪڵĳϣϣʧʧһԪڵŵϣ
΢ЦĹ˵ȴɻΪ񲢲ôΧȣҲǿ˶٣
ϵɴ۾ȴо˿ϤϢвɺɲѣΪðһԪڵĵӡ
һԪڵŵôӵеΪϷΪһԪڳϣδ˵һԪиӽ


1401 
ϱȭ˵һԪںĵӵݡ
ѵðһԪڵĵӣ
뵽ֻñ亹ֱððһԪڵӣɾǶϷΪһԪھݵɡ
˵һȥˣ
ߵߣһץȥǳϵץסȻӵ˽֮⡣
˴ڵĽУȻʩչϽƣббĿһϡ
ҲռһӣԾһƣɾȴҡͷӡ
ɲԼΪҲȥֻ¶Ц
ϱһۼʮ֮һĳϱֱӳ˽⣬ΪԼ֮ϡ
ѣǵΪ
鲻Խ˵һ䣬ֻûɽС
ϣȥһԪڣҪҪţ
ֱԲ
һԪڵŵӣǵҡͷܾҪһԪˣΪԼΪԴһԪˣʹشˣ
ȫҲЩƣԼӵĵӣôͻ᲻һԪڵĵأ
ʲôһԪڵĳϣʦһԪڵӣܸʶɣ
ЩƵ˵
ӣ
߶֣˺һᣬȻҡͷ˵ʶŭˡ
㾹ȻʦʶôһԪڳϣ
˫зǿҵɱ⣬вɷԷΪԼҪǿ̫̫ˡ
ϼɽȴڶԷѹ£ԼȻʮּѣԷսˡ
еɱ⣬ϣ˵ٻΪʲôӶʶⲻ̫ˣ
ôʶ𣿡
һᣬųʵ
Ϸʶʶ
ϼ˵ƽһ㣬˵˻һԪڵġ
ģ֪𣿡
ɲƾԷɻأǹʵ
Ϸ֪ȥֻ֪ǧ֮ǰͻȻʧˣ
ϵĻشʧʱѾǲðġ
ôʲôȥһԪڣͿŪ𣿡
³ѵ
룡ϷҲԲȥһԪڵģ
ϵĻù´ŭ嶯֮ɱ
Ԫ֮أôһȡһּ䣬ұɵҵһԪڡ
вϲ㶣Ȼû˵Ԫ֮ô¡
ʦ㣬ʦ涼ܱһԪڵݣǸᱻϣȻһԪڲǣǺαȥһԪأͽΪʦΪֱӴɣһݡ
ҲЩõ˵жϵӡ󲢲á
һеǰǣ˵ԴţԼˣϧȥҪܶĻۣھݳưԡ
ͻȻƺʲôƵģ˵һԪںĵӵͽܣ֪ʲôһԪںĵ𣿡
ĵӣ
ٴҡҡͷ쭣ɽĲϡ
ȥһԪڣǼ˶һԪھûκζ⣡㲻ţұɱ㣡
΢΢һɽѾն߲һ磬ֻҪ𰸣ô롣
һ˲ԥڿڵǶˣϷʹȥһԪڣģһԪԻỶӭ鷳ģһԪҲһŹǡ
ŴĲµϽʧҲһʧˡ
ǶӳĳȻ£ɽɵĳ̸иַϢԱѩޣ
ͨݳǵģݳǺŷĳ˵Ĺһȥǰĳţ𣬼ȫ̽飬ҲȻ̽鲻ĳǽ
ݳԳһƬ磬ȫյĿռ䣬෴߾伤ҡ
ÿһ֮ǣЩҪ߽֮أҷڲͬƿء
ʮɣռݳ֮һĵСҲռԼĪ֮һĵ򣬶һԪΪɵ֮һĵ
ݣһԪڶռһ֣
ϵĿУΪʦ˵һԪڵӲ࣬ȴھž޴Ӱ
һԪߣеɶһԪڵĸɣһƾɵʵһԪڱӵжռݵĳǿʵ
ǽڻɽɵΧ˾ʱɽѾܵسǳϵϢ
ֻǰﲻǰʮߡ
аϲ⻪ɽɹȻҵһԪڣ򣬸˶ĸ֡



1402 
һ׷ͯյ˫ֺʮ͵ĺȵӣԴǧ֮⡣
ЩεͣסΣҲѾµǰصʲôɡ
ͣסκǰ֮ҲԽԽ಻ǧʱҡҡͷû뵽⻪ɽɵʵ˺ס
ʮˣһ˵Ϊģ˲ɺʵ
ˣЩУҲֻʮӵɷȻǷӵоŵɷߣһʱ֮Ҳ޷̽鵽
·߿ǻɽɵĵӣ
˵ѾΪʾɺڣԷҲԼΪ
ɽҵڴˣ֪Ϊδ˻ɽɳϣЮһԪϣȻϣʱ
׷ͯյߴȵߵֱ߳ſԵǿ
Ҳ֪˵Щʲô˵ǲһԪڵģûа취֤ˣϴʱΨбֳĬ
˴ֳϢһ첻ɴһԪڣԣϵǲż
ɽɳϱ˴ˣⶪСȻһԪڵĳڻɽɵĵϱ˽ߣɾС⣬ˣɽɳϲԴоӢǰˡ
ݽʮ֮һĻɽɣûзˣҲö࿴ǻɽżۡ
ҵˣᣡһԪڵӣֻҵǰһԪڣ̸Ю֣ڻɽɵųϣȶҲҳֽѵһ٣ƺΪɣ
ϾԷʮ֮һһ֮ס
ҵֻǷһߣȻϣЦҡҡͷҵˡ
»ȷŹһԪڵϣ򣬴·ͨ
ҵִ˵һİƺˡ
ɵΪͣǴ͵ģʱҲֻܶһ仰˵һо䡣
츳ףͻȻʮ֮һĻɽɣʱҲûʵʱ֮Կ
Уֻ빫жԿʱҵƺΪţ˲ŵ˵ȥ·
ЦЦԼǰһЩݳǣֻɽһضˡ
ֻǣȣ
ʮ㣬⻪ɽɾ޷赲ԼǰĽŲ
Ϊ·壬Ѿݳķ˲ʱ䣬ǰʦ֮ԣʱҲЩļĸһԪڣԻɽɵ赲ʱѾ¶֮һս
ܶʱ򣬵޷ģôֻ˭ʵǿ˭ͿԾ
ǷЮϣǶǲܵ飡Żɽɺųƾʮ֮һұҪʶһ»ɽɵʵǿɱɽŵĳʧ
Ц˵Ȼ͵ɢɺڵơ
Գϣ
ɽɵžȻԳݣɳ˳ϴͷвɰԺЦ
ǿԣǿҪʵģûʵעΪۡ
£
˵˱׷˳֮⣬㹻սΧ
ԳϣУһҪ
ɽ˵Ȼ뻪ɽһ˺ɾ롣
ԳϿʮᣬԼĪֻʮ겻ӣһ˫۾ȴ͸ɫĹâʱɺڵƵֵơ
ɽɵʵֻ֪Գʮ߱ɷΪ֮һ
˷ֱɢɺڵѹȻԳֻ˲ӣϱ㸡ֳ˺ΣֻöԷƾȻԼЩ
ͬΪѹֻ˲Գ˸£Գϵ츳ԶͬƶԿУ޷ݵ
Գϣˣ
գֶȻ˵
ߣ
ԳϱΪԼڻɽ츳ˣʱʮѿǱһȻ˷ɽ
һ֣ԳϵƺҪǿ࣬Ȼܿ㷢ֶԷȻ
ֻɢ֮ѹԳշɽҲ޷ȻѹĶͷðһӣ̲֮סѪڣѾ˿˿Ѫ
ҵд󾪣ЩŵĶȫû뵽ɺڵѹȻǿ
ɽۼ츳ϳϾȻԷѹѪĵزһĿǺȻ֮ɫ
ʦ֮ӣ̫ǿˣ
ԼĳݣһԵϿЦҡͷ츳֮츳ڻɽԳ֮ϡ
ԳϿ֧ţڶԷʹɷʹɷ
ʵ飬ʱ͵ʹںϵƣԳˣ
˵йжʱȻЩ׶Գ϶Ѿʲô̫в
Գϣ첼ýƣ
ҵȴǽŵ˵ΪǻɽɵĵϽ֮ˣֻº롣
Ѿǰ֪ϢзߣԺ޹˼ɵй¶


1403 
ԳϿ֧ţȥֻ»ûսԼˣӶӰս
ɷ
Գεĺʹһɷ뱾֮С
ô˻ᣬԳ̲һݽƣҲ΢Цںһɷ
ԳϵƳѹȥȴֶԷƷԼĸҪǿ
ƱɵĳƣԳǱһѪ³ҵҲɳ
û˿ʹɷȻԳںһɷȻѹ֮С
ԳϿһۣŵͷԳϱһڶɷ
ɽɾȻжɷĸ֣ţ
аæһԪڳϷѶϢ
⣬ôܣ
ԳѾʹɷȴȻѹС
֪츳˱̬أһɷںϵѹԷɷںϵѹ
ɷ
Գȵںϵɷÿ൱ڱ˱ʱȻ޷ռκơ
Գϣǲô
΢΢ЦȻֻʹһɷںϵơ
ɷ
Գÿһ˱һ֣˻ɽ뼸λ⣬ɽɵҲ֪ԳϾȻʵ
ȻĵɷԳҲﵽʮʵһɷﵽʮ屶ҵʵһȻռѹơ
ԳʹɷʱѹȻռϷ磬һɷںϵѹ£ԳٴѪ
ɷѾԳϵļʵԳϵļʵ£ȴǿȻɽųЦ
ʦΪٴﵽ
аԲ²ȴҲɷô£ֻ֪ÿһɷʵǿ
ԳϣˣҲɱˣ
Ѿ㹻ˣϾ⻪ɽݳǴĵطԣѾʢ˼ʴ֮ġ
ԳϷŭһһȻ˺
ûòļһҪܳͷ
ЦһץԳžķԼ徹ȻܿƵĳԷȥ
һ㳬ԽԳϵļNɴ£Գϲɼĳַֻȥ
ֿӵɷߣʦʦ𣿡
ޱȣһ۾ɣ˭֪ɸǾȣŵԷŽһȭͷ

ԳϾ겻ô޷ǹɴ鼱֮·һ
һж޷ı䣬ľʵ£ԳϾͬһǣߵż㱻С
ԳϾǻɽÿ˶㽫۾ۿеɳû˻ǰġ
ԺעòҪ̫Ϊˣ
Ļ䣬һţȻͬƤ㽫Գ߷ɳȥ
ɽɵһڿнסԳϣóȻ£ֻһɴԳӿҽһҲɳȥ
Գϵɳ򳤾룬䵽һɽȣһɽɳҲԳ⵽ͬˡ
ʮӵɷļһ
а΢ЦŻɽ֮ˡ
ҵ˾Ȼ¶ЦԷΪʵ̫ˣǣΪϵԵʣҵֲòӲͷƤֹ
Գ϶ˣֻҲſ֮һսˡ
ҵаһϣǾʱ֡
µΪȻǿ󣡲ҪһأǾͱܱţ
ҵ˵ʮ㣡
⣡ʲôʽʹ
ЦȴСҵˣϾԷʮ֮һһ֮
ɽɵĵӷ׷׼ȻлῴԳ֣ѵõĻᡣ
ಣ
һɷƾնŵɷͬʱڿųһţͬʱû뵽ɽžȻӵоŵɷ
ʵϣҲǻɽɵ֮һҵһ¿ɲʹȫΪʲôɽɿԳ֮Ϊʮ֮һˡ
ֻҪҵڣɽɵĵλʮȹ̣ǣǵһԪڡ
Ϊˣҵ˲ϧй¶ҲҪȻϡ
ŵɷʦһҪСˣ
еΪϾԷѾﵽ˾ݵĶ徳ˡ
ףоȻûа⣬ѵҲӵоŵɷ
ҵ𾪣Ȼ㿪ʼɷһںϽ壬Ҳŷӡ
ҵһɷϱ¶صЦ⡣
ҵ˵ĵһɷֻʮҵΪʵôҵĶ֣
ʮ㣬ʱѾ֪⻪ɽ޷סԼĵ·ˣˣŴҲ޷ֹԼ
ҵһں˾ŵɷƱԳҪǿȻʱȴȻĬȻҲûвһ¡


1404 
ⲻܣŵɷѹԷôûκεķӦѵѵΪ֮ϣ
ҵѾʹȫɽѾȴķԼû˿ƣ
ҵˣԭ̫߿ˣΪ赲ô
һЦͻȻһȻʹ˲֮
ҵ˴󾪣ֻܸܵһģӰǱ㱾ܵĻӽǵӰ
γǣȴһֻץסնµķɽҵѾ˵
Ѫ֮ȥץɽ⾹ȻҲҵ˵ϣԭҵΪֻ־ԻᱻնϣǣԷϮԼȻоһ޷ץסԼķɽ
жôǿҵ˸öֻ֪֪Լβɽɽ˿У˲á
ҵ˲δһȭźȥȻȴǲܣֻ΢һĳǷɽҵ˵ʧȥƽ⣬һȭȫˡ
ѵˣ
ȵͻȻǷɽ̱һɽɫĹâ֡
ɽͬһˣҵ˲δȥɽץĸΣһҪԼķɽ

ߵǷɽϵĽɫâԽŨȻڲúͻȻҫ۵Ĺâ
꣡
һҵ˲ҺһͷһоȻֻʣ°طɽһķɽȴ˶ԷС
ۣۣ
ҵһסؿڣѪȴûг֮Σ˵ԭĵط
ˣ
ҵ˼һδ£ܵķʽҲʵ̫ˣΪӵоŵɷĸ֣ȻöԷ۶˷ɽֱܴ裡
ΪɽŲŶɽ֪ܴ裡
ҵ˾ŭӣڿоҵĲţŭͻȻԳϵǣд󾪣͵ĳԼһӪȥ
Сӣãɱ㣡һûı֮ǰϿĻɽɵӹٸĵ·ɱ⣡
˻һ˵ɽæֵлǰд飡̱ŵ뿪
ϣԲסˣʵΪ
ҵǱĴŻɽɵʧڿУԶֵ߷׷׷˵أΨֱɱڡ
һĵȻҲ𾪲ѣȫû뵽Ȼʵɱ⻪ɽɵĳϣ
ǻңҲֻܴɱ
аֻܰ̾츳˵á
ѾֶοˣֻһͷǾһҪΪʦĸ֡
ɵȻŵĺֱܴʱȻھУŶ꣬ȻѾﵽֱ̬ʵ
ŵɷĻɽŶĶ֣þܹţ
ʱûдﵽԪӤڵΪ˶ݵʱ䣬ʵѾԼ򱶲ֹþвΪ֮
֮⣬ԼһͽܣԼԿ
СǿԼˡ
ɵ˵
ͬʱͷǾȴҡҡͷ
ǰ
ɹĳƺ
ɣƺǰһģ
Ƶ˵
ͽˣ㣬ҷģңڴ˵ذɣȥһԪڰɣҾͲȥˣ
ɹ˵
ʦһز죡ңʦոյ˻ɽɣΣգ磬һȥһԪڰɣ
Ȱôýڴ˴
£ζԸ񣬸顣
֪ģʦߵģİɣɽɾԲҵ鷳ʦɽֻп޵ķݣðɣʦͽԵѾӽ쿪ʼ㲻Ҿɵͽܣʦ
Ц˵һҲģʮοӡ
û˵һֱŶ˵Ѿµ˾ɵ뷨
ھݣʵǾһеĶ
ںܶǰȻԵʦԼʦʵ񶼲磬ԼʵȣǸ̫Զ̫Զ
ΣҲԼһͽܣңҲһԪڵĵӣʱȥһʵǿɡ
ʧȥ˴ڸУ
аһʧȥ˴ڸУǽֻȥǲʵ
γֻǣɱϾԼĵڶʦҪһȥһԼʦͽϵЩۡ
ȥɣʦ㽫ǰ;أ̫׷һңڹˣڽ͵Ҳǣ޹ˣŽʹ죡Ϸи츳Ⱥͽܣͽܻиʵǿʦ
ɿЦѾԾȡƺ«Ȼ͵ĹһھƣҪ㵸ˡ
Ҳʦ뿪ʦͽϵ


1405 
˵͸Źִ
ΪʦϷڵΪ㵱ͽܵʸûУôܼ㵱ʦأˣϷһˡ
ЦȻ׼潵䡣
ȥһǿԼΪвɿЦʵˣĲû찡
΢һ֣㽫ɷ˿Уԣ֪ɴʱ뷨ȴǲȥ
һͽΪʲôȴˮһգ
ǲҪˣһµģңҲֻʹ࣡뿪һɣӦҵĸܣְɣ
鼱˵
һۣԴӶԷпΡ
ʦþʦ߰ɣԼѡĵ·ǾԼȥ
񿪿ڵ
ðɣɣлˣһ·ߺã
Ĺ˵ϾΪɵԵʣԼĵӡ

ɻȻ뿪
ʦΣУԶҵʦ
񹧹˵ȻڿжžݣȻһЦȻ㽵ȥ
Ī˸ˣһǰɣȻԵԺټ֮ʱұҪסɣȥǿѣѡǻ
Ȱ
ʦ˵ǣһŬԲʦʦڴ
ҧ˵ϵ˸Ѿڣȡ֮һżݡ
΢΢һЦ˱ϵĴ£һ·һԪȥ
֮ķУȻʮɵţȻһΣԷģݻһ
Ͼʮ֮һԷûж⣬ǺñȽòĻźѼ䡣
֮˱·һʱյķУڵִһԪڵĵΧڣ
һִһԪڵĵǰһߡ
ڿפ㣬ԶӲμһԪλǰϡ
Ȼʧɫԭδ˵ѣһԪڵĵӣֻǣΪԼδأ

빫ͬʱ񣬶ֻǵͷ
룬ǰ
һԪڵӵǰУΪȴҲ̫ͣٱȥľҪǿϲ١
˸˼ʱͻȻѾһƬƵĵط
һԪڵ΢΢Цǰǣ½䣡
˽ɽȺȻӴƬ̣ŵһɽǰ
󣡡
ͻȻˣŷһԪڻЩأǺ֪һԪڵذɣϾһԪڵô
Ƚ봫ҲԥĽ룬ȫڴվȺһҫ۵İâǰ̻һ
һΨĵطһ޼ʵĲݵأƬݵϣиָĶССĺһмӴĴɽ
һԪڣ
ʵһĴΧƯɷȥûһˡ
ǰһԪڵˣһԪڣ
Ϲ˵пΪжôǿ
һԪڣȻڲͬ
Щ޵
ҲĿԼɣֻÿʣʮֵĳԣ
Ǹ·߿žͬһ㣬ʱ΢΢һЦλԺǰȥ֪ͨţ
ԶʣȻʧ˵С
ǺǣвҰȥɣ
ͻȻԴ󷢣
ðҺþûˣ
Ҳ˷ܵ˵¾ȻЩԥĿ˿Щ
ȥɣҡҲᣡ
½Ͱ͵˵
£һģߣ
ǣµ֣͵ĳǰȥҲǰȥ
ԭأ˵ıӰ૵˵ӻȤһԪڣȻȥˣͲ
ܿԾҲȰ˵·
ЩҰƽûҰʮ㣡
˽ǿߣѱƥͨ
һᣬ˱ѾϣȻһƬݵϲ񱼡
ʱͻȻ߰âһһԪڵļĳϳԼߡ
ϸΧһ׹ҫݵʱڣһԪڼ㳲һĳĿɿڴ
Щһ֣ѾоˣǱתͷȺ˳ȥ
ѸٱƽǰʱûͻȻһ߹λǰݹ٣һԪƽϣʧԶӭλǰˡ
ϣŹĹ˵һϥ¹⼸һԪ𾴵ڡ
һԪڵӻӭλǰ
ͬʱȻһеϥ¹
ٴδסˣҲ˸źһ㡣
ǰɣ
񵱼û뵽һԪƽҲںΪǰԼ֮ΪǰҲ̫˼ˡ


1406 
빫¶һۣͬʱӶԷпʧ֮ɫ
һԪڣһڵôԼأ
ˣûзһˣʦӣЩС
һԪڵҲͲˣͲһɣСɵϲϡ
Ȼϸ̽󣬲ŷЩ˵츳ԶԶɡ
Ǻųʮ֮һĻɽɣЩǵ츳ҲһԪڵӵ츳ȥԶ
ƽһò˵ߣһɾİۣһĹ֮ɫɴ˿ɼԼ˵ľĶ
λ񣡡
Ѿϰĳ棬Ǳ㵭Ȼ˵ͬʱл
ЩƺݸߵͣǺҵΧһȦһûɵӵְ͵ĸо
վУһִԼصһȺͨİ֮УЩ˸ԼһֺͰ׵ĸо
ԭһԪڣǺųƾݵһڵһԪڵӣ
ȭЦ͵ĻһԪҲٽš
˷׷׺ĴˣƽҲ⣬ҲЦ⡣
ǰһԪڣѾ磬һλǰӷϴ
һԪƽ̺ͰЦ
л
˻
ƽȻ˽һٸӣֻҪʮˣ˫һֺࡣ
ʱԶͻȻһŮ˷׷ȥһŮӣɫҲͨɫ˵ĸоһŻٳ
ŮӲȻѾﵽɷʵ
аޣǰĶˣﵽɷʵķ֮һˣķǸӭԼĵӣΪڵɳڡ
һԪ˵ʵ֮ǿ𾪣ЩɾҪԽһԪڣֱѰ·о
һֱΪԼ̫ˣǣˣҵΪֻЩеסһԪڵƽҲһǰʱ򡣡
а
öôڲλǰ
ƽŭŭȴ͵Ц⡣
ǸŮ͵ͣס»ȻһƯķµ档
㿪ЦİɣһԪڣﻹҪӭǰ
ŮЦЩааЦŮʵ֮ǿȻɰ
֣
ƽ̿ЦãȻǸλǰСŮӣλǰԭСŮĵƤ
빫ͬʱ΢ЦĵͷȴĿɿڴǸŮӣȻʧ״̬С
ŮӺܿ췢ˣ۹ѸٵתһȦȻŽϡ
ϣλǰĺÿ
Ůһڣ˽
ƽ̵εط죬ȴ΢΢һЦˣ
úͰ׵ĳιǴģ
Ůӵôߣߵ棬Ȼʵ
ãҪǸԴףɲð죡
ƽд󾪣Ϊ»ᷢ쭣ȻȴЦĺܿģͬһȤСá
ʱƽΪ֮һһĿЦΪŮֹˣʡ
ǺǣҴӺңԶĵطǸطɽ϶û
ЦŻش
û
Ů˵Ѿ۽µϡ
㣬ƯҼƯŮ
Ůӹ£¶֮ɫùаϲΪŮҲǳƯʸ㹻ĳɫŮޣ⵱Ȼøиˡ
ңŮϻ翴ԼǰӰӣһԣֻƺԼȥҪţֱ޷졣
öλǰҽУ
ƽƵ˵
ǰôˣǰҲԵֲ۸ǣ
ŮӴ˻һµ̲סЦˣ̾Ưÿɰã
л佱
ŮѧĿ˵һ飬Ȼ󻹲ƳһۣŽĿ⼯ڵǰϡ
ֱʱȻֵΪȣһľŮӲ͵Ц
λǰôˣǲǾúƯ
Ůӵ٩
ǰ
Ӧæ˵Լһ֮ɫ׾Ѿ˲֮ͨɫ

ҲԾľ̬ʱͺñһ꣬ȻڶԷһ仰±ߴġ
̫ⷽɬˣҵʦҲˣͽҲˣǸ࣡ԺҼȵýʦ椣Ҳýͽ椣ֱضԶ
а
ӴôˣĿҵˣ
ŮӼ٩һ˫۾ͬ´½ƵģȤҲԽԽŨ
Ǻǣ
ЦǣЦȴ˵ĺһ޶۵ɵЦо
ܺãԱҲһ椵ֶΰ㺦ߣǹҲûʲôȤˡ


1407 
Ŷˣ͵Ц
ƽվסˣΪŮĻʵ̫ˣæݺݵĶŮ
ǰЩɵģȴоһ˫ɱڵԼ
ûͷʱ̿˸еķŭ񣬳ÿǺټ
Ү
³ۺͷŸ˸ϵЦ⡣
üλǰλǰԭӭݳٵʵòǹΪ֮
õϥһı飬⵹˶ǲ
û˵Ҳû˵ȴŮӵϥأæ˵Ҵʦʦԭ㣡
лǰ
ЦȻɵվƽߣסƽ̵ĸ첲
Ǻǣ֮ŮãСôԣλǰЦˣ
ƽٲűǸ
ƽˣʴӱӵĲɾҩΪܲ
ЦѾһ뷨ǱǴõĸ顣
ȻⲢһԴٳɣΪ˵Ϊ̫ԶˣǸÿɵɱ
ƽЦЦȻ˽ɢʱڳֻʣƽˡ
Ŀ죬ȥҲ죬󲿷ֶѾȥˣϾһԪ֮ΪԽǿȻԽƽӡ
ƽ̣븡Ҫ̸óⱦͽһԪתһתΣ
Цʵ
ƽ̴һۣһ˲ţΪӦҲǿǱͷǰȥתת
˭֪ǳȴǵȻȻʼ̽Ϊһ֮̽󣬵һ
ôˣûΪĻ𣿡
ƽʵ
ףǰӦǰΪŵɺڣôԵҵǰأ
ֱԲȻ㿪ʼ̽빫µΪ
˵ΪֻʾԪӤڵӣҪ̽˵ľʵ޷̽飬Ǳ㶢ס
ޱȣʱҲȥ̽õΪ޷̽飬һ㱻õʶˡ
ƽ̿ɲΪҲûȥ̽飬ʱԣаԾЩʧ
ԭŵɺڵΪСŮΪҪ̫ˡ
ƽаȴŭΪ㣡Ҫٺ֣Ϊͷȥɽ˼һ꣡
һꣿ
ñŵͷȻĵҪͶҲ˵ˣҴȥתת
۸
ƽ˵仰ȴָоЩԣֻǸĶЦЦ
Ǻǣˣұ֤۸
ô˵Լı֤ģĿ۸ˡ
۸ô۸ֻҪɱˣҽͽܽˣȥɣ
аȵЦ˻һʱͰ͵ĿȴǸоη壬ּ
õһ۱һ飬ʱͲúһȥ棬ֵԼ䡣
ʦҺˣȻ۸ͽܣ
˵
߰ɣӣ
ס䣬ȻѸٵȥ
ȵԶˣƽ̲Цǰͽܺ󰡣϶ᱻǸŮ۸ġ
۸ˣãֻܹʵҲҲ̼̿룬ò˶ãʵᳬԽõġ
˻һ̽ӿڵǰ츳Ϊֻʱ⣡
ƽԣǲţֻȴֲ˼ԷԣϾԷһԪĺĵӣң˷ͬѰ֮ˣӵͽܡ
֪ƽΪΣ
ʵ
ƽ̵õᣬȻλǰʵڲҹͬȻӣ츳ȴ￰Ƶһˣ꣬ѾﵽΪѾӵɷΪ᲻뿪£ԲûȥһԪںĵӴ
ǰͽ츳ǲֻɺ֮ѶȴÿһѶȶˣǶ˵Ϊ̫Զԣ²ΪΪԳã
ƽҲеϾʱҲĿǰΪ໥Ĳȷʵܴ˵㵽Ϊ˵ͽĿǰ꣡ңﵽɺڵΪУҲָ
ݳһ£ΪʦܵΪʲô룬ָɳΪ֪ƽΪΣ
ʾ˵ϾΪҸԼͦ
ƽԴһ£û뵽ָ㣬ڶ̶̰ѾﵽĵɺΪɲһ׵顣
֪ǰ˶أ
ƽҲشֻЦʵ
ʵʱ˼ɣǶãһ治ǵˡ
һƽʯΪˣԭ츳ѾԽ˾ߡ


1408 
һ꣬ΪﵽڵĵزƽҲšֻӻɽĴţʵɲ⣬ң֮ߣԽһеӡ
ƽҲӵоŵɷΪ츳ԶԶ˲ǰ
һ꣡ǰǿţ
ƽ̼޵
ƽ⣬һԵĹҲϢľˣ¿ɲ֪ʱ˵Ķݡ
߶ԣ縡ƣʱһαչر㲻ֹ꣡
ʮ
ҡͷ̾Ҳֻˡ
Ȼˣǰ˵ĻҲ޲ܣǰʦĸ
ƽοЦ
ƽ̲ҲճΪӣ
Цһƽ̵¶ϲ֮ɫ
лǰȫСŮлСŮȵõǰָСŮϱĸ֣
ƽʮ֮ΪѾ֪һԪڰʲôĽɫ
һԪµţ⽫䵽ϣѾʲôܡ
Դִ֮һԪںĵӱ˺ܾãȷһԪڵŷĪ
ƽ̲ؿͽܶƽ֮Ůһ飬ֻϣƽ̲ҪȲִ£츳ԲƽʧҾıԣһϲģ
صЦΪͽȻҲǺĿġ
ΪԸʱ̵˺ôƽֶ֮̾£ֻҲ
ǸΪȴǸи֮ˣֻһλʦ˵ΪԷ⵹ʧΪõһõѡ񡣡
ƽа˼һ¶ЦǰȻϸ緢ƺĶ⣬ҲѾоˣֻǣӣֻ²һģöûоǾԲ޳Ƕ֮µģ
ȻֻҪƽ̲֣˳ȻͺãȻƽ̻׼ӭӳɣʦڣǺϣֵõϲ
ŵЦѾʼıöио
ãã
ƽ̻룬̫СϷˣϲãϷҲϲá
ͽܣƾһݣϷ㲻ᷴԡΪͽܣϷʲôɷԣ
ң⺢ӵ츳֮£ҲһԪű񣬵ʱñһԪڵŷˡ
ƶЦһУҲΪжͽܻ治һĺá
ƽ̣ͽܵ˵ڣҪ㣡
Ц⣬ͻȻЩ࣬ƽҲһشǰʰɣ֪һУ棡
ƽ̣˵زһԪڵĺĵڰɣ
Ȼʵ
ƽ΢΢һЦشλǰ˵֪֮һԪڣ߽Ϊ˵رһԪڣʵϣֻһԪڵһС֣һԪĸ־ڴ˵ءǰѾж֪һԪǷֳɶ֣˵ƽ̣һԪݵһݵ㣬һһԪʵڣһԪڵͳ졣
һ˵޷⣬ɸ⣬һԪڲôһֱңеһԪڣҲԶԶֹЩʵ
һԪ֮һڣʵҪԶԶ֮߳ڵߡΪˣһԪڲŵԺųݳɣһԪЦݣܱ֤һԪǿʵصʣ
һԪڵҪͳһݣʵκѶȣֻҪһ£һԪںĵȫ̤ƽҲ£
˳Ծƽ̵ĻҲʦƭԼܶ飬ҲΪԼãչǸԼܶ󵼡
ƽ̣֮ǰǷ
ʵ
Ǻǣѵǰ֪𣿵ȷʵһʱ䣬ΪһԪһĵӵŮ
ƽЦŽ͵Զ޾֪޲̸
ã
Ź˵
һ𣬵ҲʱȴоģԭԼиá
ƽ̣ǸһԪڵĺĵǲǽ
¼ʵ
ƽΪȣŹ¿һᣬŻȻЦԭǰĽ㣬ǵģǸǰϧһԪڵĹЩͬǰΥ˹ԼŮ֪
лƽ棡գһҵõģ
ն˵ϳ˼ᶨ֮ɫ
ƽ̵ͷοһҵģģ
ˣƽ̿ʦӣ
ʳ⡣
ƽƺԤϣĻشȻһԪߴԵţһԪڵһ֮һԪڣĪҲӣ


1409 
һԪڵʦ˵Ȼƭӣ
𾪵ԸӣһСı˴ֿڣƽæͷƺڰ
ӣ˵ƭƭĺòңҵҪúýѵһ١
ʦӡ
ƽ̵Ĳ㱻ľŵεˣĿɿڴĶû뵽ĵӾȻôֱӺһԪڵ
¿ЦԼҲЩԣһԪ飬ԼҲԲȥġ
˼ӣԳЦЦˣҲ˰
ǰˣǿģ
ƽ̵ϾȻ¶ֻЦ⡣

ȵϬƽ̡
ƽϵЦȻֹæǸġ
ˣһƽϡԺע㣬ҵƢɲǺܺõģ
ƽʩѹ˵˻Ϊ񣬷Ҫƽ̵۸Ҳÿʦ˭
Ŷԭõӣ˵ͽˣ
ſк
С˵ǴҪʦȫ޲Ÿİôţ㾹ȻʦʦԿ
տĲԭϣƾճ֣ȴĴ˵ĶС
²μ
ƽ̵񣬾Ҳ
ʱȴһЦ⣬ֻǼʵʦǲ¼ң
С˵ʦʲôģ
ٴδӿд
ŶڳԼ˵ˣ
Ц
ʦܺã㵽ʱһԪкĵӶŹ㣬׼ùɣ
ҲЦ֮
ԣͻȻеս⣬ԴԼݻδ֣ȻǸ̬ʦ⡣
ðɣֺξ֮У˭Ҫսȫˣ㣬װʦ
Цɢƽ̲˺ɣޱȡ
Ϊʦʱ׼ʱΪʦһս
ӵԶԶĴȴ͸ŵЦ
ã
ͬʮ㣬ΪΪԼѾӵ˾ŵɷ츳ҲѾͨô붼ûɻκˣ
ԼսƽѾ޻˵ʱǿơ
ʵսɲⰡ
ƽа˵һ뵽ͽƽвɰԾϲ
λǰѾ׼磬λǰɣ
ƽֵ̹
빫ͬʱͷԷûʵãȴ⣬żȻԳԷȺȾƣ߶ʮ顣
ʱⲻһ֣ȴһֱעı֡
ƽΪ֮ǡðһ𣬲˵ûпʲôԳʮ磬ȻȴǶ̫о
෴ȴƵƵƣ⵹ҲЩĪСӶԼио
ЩԴףȴڿԿƵķΧڣҳʦĴס
ΪһʦͽȻȴΪԸ⣬ӣڶӷҲԵʮǿơ
ʦͽȻҪǿƵĶ࣬Ĺɼһߡ
ƽ̿ɲںöʾãƽ̶ԣܹϳãòġ
ΪƽѾϵϾʱ䲻ȣȻҪԶԶʤ
ȻڳĹϵƽ̿ɲ̫ϾһΪͽܲģڻԳ÷顣
뺨ƽͻȻЦã벻һʵǿΪʦ
õһۣӵĪ˵ǻˣΪңƵǿߡ
εЦЦȴǺ޼ԼΪûʦǿ
ãˣΪ˵£ȻشΪԸⲻԸ⣿
ƽЩص˵
ȻԸܰǿΪʦ飡
˵
ǰΪʦǷԸأ
ƽЦʵ
ҲЦŵͷȻǳö˼ۺȴҡҡͷȫ󾪡
ʮϣܹõʦ֣ʦùϵԺһʱҲϲ١
ЦЦò֪ôԼɲͽܵģҪǿķϣôԵѾͷΪͽܡ
νǶƽ̶ԣɾͷǳҪˣʱҡͷ޲ȥһơ
ãǹ⿪Цأ飿ǰǸˣǸ׿ధΪǰΪͽĻǰȴϧ̫øʧˡ
ƽһɸֵ飬óó˶ݵԥ
еһԪڵӷ׷Ľõĺˣǿƽ̶Ϊǰĸ֣ʦֱǱϵڱҪˬ


1410 
õ˼һԵȷľ쵽ˡ
ʦ̫ǿˣòΪʦһΪ뷨
ʱǿʮַҲֻΡ
һ󣬻Ĺִ˵ף˵ˣҲǰΪʦģҶ԰ΪʦûʲôȤ
ƽ̴ŭֲǰоڵѪһ㣬˺õĻᣬþȻὫ
ˣ˸־ǿãοһûдӦһҪһԵѾͷΪͽܣ
⼤
ߣŵأΪ˭ƾʲôҪͽܣ
ñĻðɣҲǸ׿еǰ
֣
ƽͨ죬ɻǲҵѵá
СѾͷ
ɫһ䣬ĺȵɢһǿƣȴƫбĸպýС
ƣҲܲˣͷϺܿðϸܵĺ飬ǿ²
˵ʱ˿̣˵Ϊǹ̫ǿˣ£ֻ֪бɱķݡ
ǿĺǿ󣡡
кǶԷҪԼȴǲܵġ
ǰɣ
аٴһƣǣǳõĸˣȣȻˤ档
ˣȴҧأһҲûͼƽ򲢲ĳõİΣֻھ̾ʵǿ
ȫ˫Ŀ۽õϡ
ƾѹǳñȫ·磬֮ûС
һΣķڷΪԼѾںɷڶԷѹ²һ
𣿡
ʵ֮һɡ

ôоǿԼѾ˵
һȰס֣ҵҪķڷ

ã
΢΢һЦǶĻӦ
ˣ˭ûк³ģ㲻ҪΪƽ̵Ů⻯죬ұɱ㣡
˵ͬʱһɱ⣬ƽҲ̱ɫҲɱϡ
ĪҪɱСŮ
ƽ̴ԲţΪ̽
Ϊ̽ɣߣǻῴʹࡣ
аŭӳãٴǿ
ܼˣӴѹ£ֻùͷѾˣƺҪըһ㡣
ÿҵҪԪ֮嵽кα£ҪԪԱ𣡡
ݺݵ˵ݼһ󲿷ֵѾҪʩչɱˡ
һ˲䣬õɫˣֵѹ£ͻȻоǼģѾʶѪӱǼδ¡
ֻǿʼѣϣԼڳеӡжãˣֶβ顣
ӣͣ۾䣬ģѾѹѪ
ȥ뱻ɱѾԶˣԪ֮屻ѹԪԱǾζ
úݶ
аȴ˵
ʹޱȵʹ־壬ŨŨĿ־塣
Ѿоڽ٣Ȼǿȴһֱš
ƽ̿Цд󾪣ȷǺ֮ˣɱá
ǰСŮвԣҲﲻǰ飡
ƽ̵
Ȱһɱ
ߵһǿƽƽ̵ɡ
ƽ̼ˣɱãٴȰǰСŮһǰҪйԸСŮȥ
ŭһ˫Ѫŭڴʱ͸û뵽Ȼ˺ݶִݻһҲ顣
ܺãǾ͵һѪȻٽɣ
ЦȻǰһĳǣһǿĻҰɫ潫õ֡
ֲΧУԽԽоԼϡ
ٴγȥѹȻʵ

ŭԵĵ
ܺãǾͱִݻˣ
ЦЦ
Ҫǰ㣡
ƽ̱Żˣĵ
ܺããΪĲ޴ĴۣڣҾȫ˶ɱˣһԪڵЩˣ
˵ͬʱ˫֮жʱһȦ𺣣Щ𼸺˷ӿһԪڵӱȵڿУȴ޷ӳķΧ
ܺãɱƽ̣룬ʹɣ㸸ǰ᲻أ
ƽ̵ͬʱɳŹգգۡ
Բɱ޹ǳòԣð㣡ǣ㲻ɱˣĶһԪڵӣɱͬſǴ治飬ѵɱͬ˳Ц𣿡


1411 
Դǵ˵
ħǶħ
кʱŷԼǶôĴ󣬾ȻĪĺøС
ʦ˼а
ȰȴǶգգۣǻۣʱѾ³ϷǱϷ
ҪһУǾɱң
¼˷ɽҲʾļɽȻ˳õǰ
ͽܣĺܺã
аЦѾɹһ롣
˭ҵңҾɱ˭ÿ򣬱Ҳ
͵ɢһɱϢӢҲԵЩŤ
֪֪ǹװ׶̬ˣǰ棬ȰҪһС
ÿ
һ¿ȻǱǿнˡ
Ϊ֮£װεıƻˣʱֻʣڳõǰ·
ƽ˵ȴһ仰Ҳ˵ֻһǿԼ֣ڳһԪڵӣҲûһ˿ֹΪ
ΨһˣΪô
ʱһĺȻοȻڳõǰֻһߴıӰ
ÿ
͵˵
ҾԲÿģʦֻǵһ㣬֪ĵʮʦҪɱ
ɫµ˵мɱãΪݼ̫棬ҲȫȷʦϷ
ˣ˵˷ʵģֻעһζ˵ĺڹ
ӵѾͷɱѷڣÿΪʦǲбʣֻǾѾͷûϵκ壡ΪʦΪʦɱȨ˭Ҳ޷һԪڵ٣
ıҲз
ʦôҲɱɱǾɱҰɣ
ͷһҲ޾Ŀ⡣
Ŀ㿴һӣų̾һʵΪʲôĪҪΪʦ̸壡Ϊʦֻ֪ΪʲôҪƴ
ĬˣһȻͨ죬ͷһ۳ãȻŹ˵ʦҲֻ֪ϣԱԸĻԸһһȥϧΪ̫ʱ䣬һŬÿԱǿʵ
˽һ㶣ʱĻʮֺȴ֮ͬ
þŹ֣оȻĪһжԭʶһļһﾹȻƴԼΪʲôҪԼôã
ߣΪʦһ⣬һҪʵشΪʦֻѡҪôѡ棬Ҫѡ棬ΪԼ𣿼סǶϷѡ棬ô
Ȼ˵Ҳ˳Ĭ֮С
ƽ̵ʮżôҲû뵽ŮȻڽֵ˹죬û뵽ƢͻȻ˻𱬣ʱֻȳõ
ǣҪƽ̾ˣʮֵľᡣ
Ѿͣ˶Գõѹʱ̧һ˫涵ʧĺס
ʦԸԼóüȥʦְɣͽ޺
ǰһĺηаϲӢ۾ֵزˣǳòܻ޶԰ɣ
ٺ٣кøУƫҪˣıе뷨ڣҵˣӢ۾ҪǻѡͶԲҵľݳˡ
аЦȴ¶ŭΣʧ̬ȡ
ͽһģͳȫɣԳ˼ҽһͷˡԳһ飬ֺαزɢأ
½˵ʻˣ˻һ񵱼ߵĵͷҲЩ˼һĳԾ飬ϵѪѾ̣ȥ˸ȻȴһҲӰ
¶˸ӵı飬ת˼£ͻȻЦȻΪʦĵӡ壬ΪʦҲΪеԺ
˻һȴһһߴ˸ӵĺ壬вбӵ˼
ãοϱŹ㣬ٸҶΪʦΪʦʹ
Ц˵óú֪ΪʲôҪԼͽܣ
û˵ȻȴѾջƣһ֣Цλղðˣ
˵֣׷ǰˣ
һƺָֻǰĸоѾһЦ£Ҳ׷
ƽ̾һȻã֪ôοǰǻΪǿǰҪǵ˱ֻ·һΪҲһͬꡣ
Ѿɶкøеʼо˳ӢΪǿ⣬ȴǸαСˡ


1412 
ǰòΪͽܣΪһ˵ĺøУһΪͽܣͱͷ
ʱȻΪͽܣΪʮαһΪͽܣԼҲ˸αʦ
ףΨпЦԼҪٲҲԼ꣬۵ף۵ÿһˡ
ǰлл
ö񣬴ʱﻹа̬֮һһʥðŮ˿űһֶĤݵ顣
ˣֻһʱ嶯ѣϣΪ֮ʦҲΪ
һĺЦ⣬ٵóøо˼иС
ãʦ
Ȼ˵һصЦóҲ²ʲôͼΪʲôһҪԼͽܡ
ƽʹһóпЦԼֻܰΪʦˣʦղŻɱԼԼǰΪʦԺӿɲùˡ
öѾû˺øУȥеˣΪղŲɱԼǿѹʵֲ̫ˡ
ԥ˺ܾãֻܿЦʦϣͽһݣ
һ߰ʦһа
ƽаϲҲµղ֮׶Ҳǽڰ֮䣬ɱ
οΪһԪδôĽһԪȫɱأƺһЦ
ȻǰԸСŮΪͽһ£׼ʽСŮǰΪʦ
ƽ¶Ц⡣
һбƽ̵⡣ͽܣҪˣƽ̷ģһϤĽ̵õģҲһݺݵĽѵֱΪֹ
¶һаȵЦ⣬óдŭ֪˶ٱ顣
ׯصİʦʽ˵עĿɣһֶһӣȴ˲ĥĻӡ
ãӴԺĴʦ֣㲻óƺǰˣֱӳƺʦּɡ
΢Ц˵
ΪǿƾʲôҪƺʦ֣ӦƺʦŶԣʦֵ֮䣬ʵŴСһԪڵĴͳѵʦҪƻ𣿡
ò˵ƢˣȻƺΪʦ֡
ٺ٣ͷûԹǰɣ
ٺһЦһЦó鲻Խĺ˼ղűʹѹĸоʵ̫ʹˣǶݵһʱͬóԶҲ޷ǡ
ʦҪ嶯ҲǸ˼
æ˵жǷǳģȴǸŭԣΪư
Ŷҿɲʲô˼֮ʦ˵Ļͽܵľ͵뵱ʦ㣬Դʦôսһʦһ飬ô
Ե˵ȻƳԼ
ƽ̺Ŀоһֻǲ֪ǷĿԼԦסԼŮ
ÿԲģʱȴƢһ㣬ȻЦһȻ󹧹Ķ񣺡òμʦ֣
ʦ֣
пЦԼԿԷΪǱԼҪǿĶ࣬ǣʦҪԼʦ֣⵽ǳʲôĿأ
ҾҪԿֻŻĵȥһŮ˱ӣ᲻Ŭ𣿡
аЦһ㣬Ҳ֪Ƿᵽ
ʦ󣬳ñȫҵѾΪԼʦ¡
ʦ׼ʲôʱ
ù˵
̫С
˵õĻ
úΣǱ㽫˵һ顣
̫һ
Ȼ˵Ѿµ˳ʹԼ
ǸΰֻԲС˵ҵΪǿʦ
ðɣһһȫµãھȥɣ
һʧԭء
һ̸ۣϳķ׷ȥ
Ŷ˵ıӰ¶صЦ⡣
ƽ̣λѣҲˣ
Ҳ˴Ȼѡһľ֮أȻ㿪ʼ
һֱûʲôʱָҲûüʱ׼Լеϵ̸ˡ
ɫµĲݵأΧһ㵭İһ˾ŵƣŸֶվڶǰ
ֻվԭأɢʱöоȡ
һϵԽԽǿ޹أȴƺӰ쵽ߵκˡ
ɣȻмȼڴ
ôɾѣǵΪ֮󣬾ҲоԼܻƿںܶʱ᲻֪
ڣʦˣ伤˵ϱѧǿʱȻдϲ


1413 
ñкøУϯһ֣ڶ㲢˵ĺøС
ܵõָԳöԣȻǧѷĻᡣ
ĬȻԭأ˫ֱȥһԲֻǾĿŶˡ
˵һʱȴһ仰Ҳ˵öиΪż
̲סˣʵʦ㵽ʲôʱǣǶһʱˡ
ȴֻһЦҲشá
Ҳʣ˰ʣв˼Ŀġ
ǸֱʵǿȴֹŹֵʦ
һСʱȥˣõֱţΪԼˡ
ڼͺ˼ȻѾʼԼ״̬С
˼ĵĹĵĵȴʲôûеȵ
ȵ޿κʱò׼Ƿָˡ
ȣ
һͬʱ˫ۣΪлҪ˵ǣֻǿһȴһԲȻ˫ۡ
ҡͷЦЦϥ
õƬ̣Ҳϥ
ȿȣ
ֿ˶˫ۣһλڿˣֻͣ
ʵҲֻǲҪϥѣڵġѾһһϡ
ʱüҪˣû뵽һϣʲôûеȵֻԼܷơ
ȴǵȻЦЦľǺƽȣƺһжôȻȥƽʲô
ãٸҵʦʦҪѵˣ
Ļ䣬һӴѹȥæġ
ʦҪòٵʦˣ
þֵ˵ĵԼǰʦֱһħ
ðɣһϹȥˣıֲãȴԶˣһҲסѧΪʦѾԤ⣬ǲ⣬֮ڣΪضã
Ц˵ԼĽۡ
а˷ܣû뵽ʦԼ֮ߣԼһҪŬȡʦ
ȴǴŭŭԣƾ񣬾ĿǰΪҲԼǧϵʱ䣬ûʲôܳԼΪ
ãƺ
ʵ
û
ΨֵǱҡͷ
ƭʦǿʦչصýܳͷ
ٺЦ
ֻԼҪˣʦûѧκζϵ鷳
̣̣
аȻ󼷳ЦȴƤЦⲻЦ
ʦίߣͬҪܳͷ
Ц
ȥһɱȻԼΪĻ
ʦ㵽ҪôҲ٣ҲǣҸо۰
òҷ쭣ֻ˵һģ
ˣΪʦƽϣ֮ҪʦѧϰԼҲ֪ľҪȶ
Ц˵һ񣬶ǵ⣬Ϊ츳ǿ󣬶ҲȽģһĸꡣ
һвɰԲΪһ϶ܰȻƽ͵
ʦ۹⣬Ȼ̰ԡ
аȴЩʦģҵľΪһġ
ãǼסˣĵӣһҪԼҪϸ츳ΣŬҪģŬˣҲ̫죬ǣǲŬһ̫졣
ѵ˵ⷬȥöͬʱ𣬵ǳ
Ŭһ̫죬ǲŬһ̫죡ʦ仰˵ã
а
ʦģͽһʦĽ̻壡
ͬ˵
ҲĽʦĽɫ֪һʱ֮䲻ܽԼȫѧ̸ˣֻѡԵĽصǣҪ֮档
ΪʦҪ̸ǵһķֽС츳ѣѧ⡮ʱ̵ⷨ㿴˵츳ŬΪʦڸ˵ڵȻ״̬
˵ⷬ˵ȴֲŽ̸öڴǿķ
ԽЦЦΪʦʱҲ꣬Ϊʦ޼꣬ﵽΪ㲻ʱɱΪʦҪϼֻڵΪȴЩ˵ȥãǧҪΪʦƺΪʦеġ룬ʱһֻ˭Ϊǿأ
ʦѵǣԴˣʦԭ³ҲʦֲҪ
ʵʵ˵ǰһƵģҲЩȣѾͷЩԼˣ򲻿ôʵ
ڶ˶ȿʱŴڸˣ֮⣬˽עĵطԼЩĵ˵ĵöԶ˽Ҫ


1414 
һһ߽Ҫһ㣬ǿҪѧᴴ죬һҪӵже뷨ֻܸһ¥
ʱĴѸٵţķ˵Ķķڷ޲
ʱ伸գйȥֹͣ˽󣬶Ϊᡣ
͵ΪֹǶΪʦô໰ȷ˼죬ȷԼ޵ƶһԶĿ꣡ӴԺҪԼǿ漣ʦڲúһԳΪһԪǿߣ
Ц˵Цö˿ԣǳöʦӡ󲢲ãȴڼѧϰҲ϶츳ʵ
һԪƽѾȺƬݵϣΪ֮ǰǵĻ콫ǰһԪں֮ӡ
ҲѾˣúŶ˳֣ʱһԪƽͻȻ˳þͬһƵģϵҲƺı䡣
̶̼ʱ䣬˱㱻ĽѧӰ죬ʱѾΪ˸ĳݡ
ƽ̽쵽һ֮ʱһ˻ǵʹ
ҲȥƽвᣬΪ˳иõǰ;ʱҲòʹȥ
˳һ󣬵ܵ˿е֮㣬ʮϡ
ĹâʧҲ˴˴һɽǣ˱㳯ɽȥ
Ƭ̺󣬵߳ɽ󣬵Ϊ˴ľɫˣһɽɽŵĻ㣬ɽҰʻؿš
ʶɢȥ̽鵽˷Բ֮أһɽͷɵһƬ޴ɽÿɽͷɫ
ʦһԪڵĺ֮𣿡
þȵʵ

ͷ΢Цɽµķ羰ֻϱҰĻȥʵں
ʦ㿴һƬݣ
ָŲԶ˵
ͷƬݣоô˵ص˵ǺµģĻɽͬһƬ˼ɾ
й͵
һд֮һŮӴ߳쳣ߴĿжײֹ
ŮȻĸߴȴª෴һ绨񣬶ҲܲҲݡ
֪γƺλʦø㣬λµͽܣá
˵һЦ⣬һ̽飬ѾֶԷӵɷ
Ŷӭӭ
ŮҲֻ֣Ц˵
ڴʱͻȻһЦЦǴΧߴɽϷ
ʦ
дϲûü˵˵ڵˣΪʦþúþˣΪʦȲ裡
ӵɽг
Ȳ裡Ҳȥ
߸ŮӹЦ
ôõ飬ôܹأ
һݸߵߴΧһɽеһ˫۾оâ䣬һΪǿĸ֡
Ĳ裬Ȱײȣ˲׺ȣ
һɽ嶥ðһˣ˾ȻǸͷһõ·žͬһֵĺС
ʱΧԸĸоЩ˾ͻȴʳӵĽ̴ӳ뿪
ͽܺȲ裬Ǻθɣȥɣȥɣ
ӵЦЦȴ͸ЩΡ
С˿ҲǺȲ裬ȥˣ
˾Ȼͬ˵
˿棬Ǹ߸ŮѾЦʦ֣ҽаٻӣߣȥȲȥ
ٻӣҼסˣ
Ҳ֪ŮΪҪƺԼʦ֣ԼһԪڵŵأӵĴһδεĺԼ
ʱһӰߵɽ˲ƶҲɽ崦жȥ
ȲˣľûˣҲǱһȲˣ
ӵԶԶȺɽ֮صһᣬߴ˷
ǰ߷ʱȴֻһƬ㳡վˣ㳡ʮʯÿĸʯӡ
˷ɢΧʯȴûκ
Щˣֱʲô˶Уϴ·ɫһҲûһɵģ
ףЩ˭İɣ
˺ʵ
ͽܣûǸˣ
˻ش
Һģ׷׺Ĵˣ˵Ŀ⣬ްη֮⣬ҲЦŴЩˣоЩģвͬԼĿȴʮơ
һᣬŮӿжŲ߹ֻǶ˵ͷ΢ЦҲ
ⲻҸʦܵǼħŮǻ
ȵˣŮȴǶ΢ЦǸмĵͷȻԼ顣
λϹأһñ׼˲ʯ治ˡ
ӵ
˷׷¶Ц⣬Ѱλ£Щˣܶ࣬ʵʮˣ⵹ޱ𾪣ʮУȻӵзƾоӵоŵߡ


1415 
ͻȻж˴Զһ֣Цк
ʦ壬ˣ
ͬʱ˵һһ㶵ģôˣʦʦ㣬ʱȻҪƺԼʦ塣
ʦãʱԽԽƯˣ
ٴ˵ΪˣΪζ˳ƺʦãȴǳƺԼʦ壬˱֡
Ǳ˴к󣬱Ѱλ¡
˸պһڶࡣ
һᣬƮڿУʱ϶Ц⣬ƺ㣬鶼ȽϺá
ȵӳʱѻȸһ£ͷ߸𣬵Ӣ
ڲҲ̫ˡ
Ц
ǰͽܱ˧
˿Ц
ӷ棬ֻǵȻһЦȵߵǰŸϽȭͽμʦ

˴һЦƺ˵˻Ƶġ
ʱҲ׷׹񣬲ȥЦ
Ǻǣƺһˣﲻ棬ôƹءûʦλòƲ
Це˵
Ͻÿλ˵ʦ
ͽ
ӿ޵Ȼŷʵλãûλˡ
ҪվžУʦ棬룡
ŵ˵
ˣģǻģӸӾУ
Ц˵ķ澹ȻתΪԲ˵ǰĵҲ׷Զƶλãһ˲ʱ䣬ԲΧӡ
֮ЦŴˣһᣬͻȻʵôֶһͽܣÿĵԣܵס𣿡
ʦҲ֪ң
д󾪣ͷһɰ⵹ӿаЦ
Ϊβ֪أÿǷǳģǶģΪĵӣҲĺܲң
ӵĳƺٴξޱȣû뵽һʱȻԳңɣǲܵ顣
ôиԵĹҲΪ˷ôٺ٣ʦӦҵһİɣ
Цʱ򣬷ٵƳһ񣬶ᵽˣȻ¶֮еЦ⡣
ôˣô
һľȣû뵽һԪڵĺĵӾȻ
˵ʱΧҲ˵ȴǸ̸ģֵĲ˵
ţúҲϰƽ׽˵̬ȣñϲ֣ܿĵʮͶ
ʦעӰÿҵͽܣ㲻ҪзǷ֮롣
Ц˵Ѿ֪һԪںĵӵУһǽǸơ
Ǻǣ㲻˵ұû뷨ġһ˵һ涯˼ôƯҪ׷֣ǿҵĸ
ν˵óҲЩӣû뵽ʦĻȻ˵ֱӡ
ܹʦе̵ģֻʦ治Ӣʵһرƽ׽ˣóòɶ˲ٺøС
ȻֻǺøУ밮ĸовģĻĲ
У㶼һˣСǲģ˭ãõҵͬ⡣
Ц˵лЩʦһ֣õĸˡ
ԣ֧ʦʦ滹кãЩ˰ɣٺ٣ʵڲʦ棬Ҷÿ־ڱصð˭Ҫұ㷭ˡ
ͻȻٺЦЦһȴѾͨͨ죬Ǻߵģһˡ
ǸˣŮҲᱻĺԾȻݸһЦһЦߵͨ졣
ҲһɬˣŮӵʱ򣬴ʱ֪ô˷ŵĿǼħŮӵĹϵĴ
ʦ֣ʦ棬ǶˣҶǲȤҪѡһѡʦ
ôһĽвãΪʦͽֺ󣬳ñȻܶԼʲô뷨
Ϊԭ˶ˣݺݵŻ˳һ˿ͷ
ǣʱȻ˵ĵģαģҲЩ˵塣
𾪣ȴǲֻǵȻһЦһסĸ첲ЦðǳıǸʦѾˣѡʦʦҲ޷ҪҸ
ЦЦղֻڶĻǳӣ÷Լÿ˶кøУǰԼôףӦǶĺøǿҵġ
Ů鳤Ӣ̣
̾ȻЦƺҪһС
ʦҿʲôͼʵʵ˵Ҷ˿ûаȤ


1416 
Ц˵֪ʦһлҪ˵
ΪʦʽΪһԪڵʽӣϲ㣬ͨΪʦĿ飡
ӿ˵
лʦ
Ц빰֣ȴĵطԼַԵ̫ˡ
ӽԺһԪڵĺĵӣеøΪ㣡ܹļ֣ôսʦʸ񣡡
˵Ŀ⳯ΧƳһۣҲע⵽ƳǼˡ
һԪڵŵӵʽĺĵӣΪ˺ĵӵʦ壬Ҳо˼֮һԪںĵӸԼĴǳ
ţ
ӦһͻȻӿֳǿҵս⣬սȴţû˿й¶
֪Ƿ˵ħս
ʵ
жţ
ѡ˱صĿ֪ħսÿ˵ⶼͬҲ֪ʦ׶Դʲô⡣
ӣһԪںĵУ컹˭ڴ˴
ͻȻʵ͸˵ϡ
ͬʱܵһգսһԪڵ֡
ʦ˲ڡ
ǸȴһĲһ׵СʱĻش⡣
֪ˣ콫ҾۼҪҪ͸λ顣
ϵıԽϣˣȻ͵һ䣬ֻͻȻᣬѾʧȥԭеλá
ʱҲܵӵĳǿʵܹԼƮʵԷǳǿʦʵ
ǰͻȻһ޴ķⷽγһ̨ǰ԰Ų豭˱˲ƶλ⣬һв޶仯
µħ֮սĻ˲ħս״
ӷԸ
֮
Ȼͬһ顣
ʱһЦղŵֱ֮ҲɣһԪڵĺĵǲǶϷӣվȻ仯֮죬̸ħսʱ
Ҳ
һѾ˲ƶ

ӵ¶һ˿Ц⣬ЦЦģ㶼ûǲģȻĺܺã
˻һֻĬҲһЦ
ô࣡
аǸմӱչг壬ΪҲصĳ̶ȡ
£¹ش󣬱ûʱī
ӵȻ˵
æѰ˸λ£ƺҲµԭġ
ǲҪʦǰ
ͻȻʵ
һԪںĵӣȱһˣ˱ʦ棬һԪڱ֮ˣҲóƺһʦ塣
أȿʼ˵ɣ
ӷԸһʦ壬бЩ飬ΪԼСûٱʦѵ
ȴаϲΪ˿ԵʦԼʦ
ֻ˲Ƭ̱㽫ħս˵һ飬ʦ˵޶ٲ
Уһ˲֪Щ˾ȵıжϡ
λͬţħսһһѾ¹һԪڵ¹ߵİΣҵȾԴУ½ʹжôǿһԪڶҪӭεս
Ϊݳ֮ףʱһԪڵȫʵˣλΪһԪڵĺĵӣҲھݲ޶ǣһ¹һԪݵİΣԣϣһԪеĺĵӴӽ쿪ʼͣסչأκ˶ָ
˵ٲ죬ȴӵʮϣǿ£ͬʱ˵ּ
һԪڣΣʱ̣һ㶼˵ҲΣȾеսⷴԽԽǿ
˱ǸԷһʱ䣬Ǵǹս۵ͬȴǽ½ʹߴӶǶȷһ顣
֪֪ˣս
˵Ѿʦǳʱһ֮
ˣȷʵǱҪ飬ǰӣɲһļƣˣԼôһδĵأ
ʦ֪ƭҶٴΣҿɾԲСǡҲֻһ㣬ǾǶŮηηţŮǰߵͨ졣
аʱһ仰Ҳû˵ֻ˵ļʼǵķ
ȺȺ
ȻԲžۼˣ˿ᣬԼֱ´ӡ
һԪڳɵţǿߣߣߣħߣǿۼϧһдսʤϽ·ʹߡ
һһٵ˵˷Բȫˣû뵽ӻа
ǿ߼ݣ򵥣Ҫʵ̫ѡ
ңӵзжأӵоŵߣ١


1417 
ȺǣһԪھݳΪһĻǱһĴڣһΣϽƶԸһԪڵķôһԪںĵƽأ
˵УȷΪɽǿһԪڲˬԲŸıħսĹħսĹҪһԪڣһһԪھʧƣǾﵽΪ׼ȴҲᱻ꼰
Σ̫죬һԪڲû̫ʱȥ׼ħս
һԪֻҪɳͨӲսɸ㶨ħսһΣһԪڳȫĵӣҲ޶ʤ㡣
ɽĳһʦ͵͵ĽϢй¶֮λʦʧȥϢһԪںĵô޷ϵ
ԼĪһСʱѾͳһǾһԪڵĺĵӽȫսսһԪڵ档
λͬţһҪǾ븡ʽΪһԪڵĺĵӡǶ˵У˴νͨսֳ¡
΢ЦҲ׷¶Ц⡣
ٴΪ֮һ䣬һԪڵĺĵƺ˷һнΪС
ӣΪӣƱҪܸսڿʼսڳκˣȻҪսʦǱȴˡ
ŵ˵Ŀ⻺ǰӹ
Ǻǣ˵ʦһԪڵһˣܵˣ
Ц˵
ЦЦͷͻȻһЦԶд
ãˣ
аܵӣжϷӿ޿κεġ
Ϸӱǰʦ棬ΪӵĳȴԸһԪڣҲѡɽ磬ⶼˣһֱѹΪھݡ
ȻⲢϷӲԸɽ磬ʵвѵĿԡ
ǰϷڶɽʱȻģڶɽʧˣ屻ķǣֻѡסԪתޡ
ϷǲѲӵеת֮壬»ָԭеļ䣬ȴôҲû٣ע޷ɽ硣
һϹҲĶ֣ϷӵԸʮֹ죬˭ģ֣һҪŰģϷӲŻŹԷ
һԪڣֹһϷӣһԪںĵ޲ΪΪǿû˿κңıҲǾһԪĿǰߵģҲòһʦ塣
²μʦ壡
ӵĹҲаЦһｵһԭʦҲоµˡ
˷׷һȴжȻ
һ仰Ҳû˵û˷ܵЦ⣬ⶼûʦˣ
ûʱҲֻĽΪϷʮͶԵ˶ĺãһǲ׹ġ
ͽܣϷͽأ
ϷԶµ
ʦأ
Ťת壬˵
ʱ£ʦƢɲãҪùˡ
æѹѵȻȴ޶ԣֻЦЦѡ
˵ĿҲ׷׾۽ϣһͬǲ֪Ϸӵ֪ϷǶôѲһԼľġ
ȻȴǸ˵ѣЩ㶵֪Ϊʲôڴ˿ô
㵨ڱ˵ʦ廵ô򣡡
ϷӵٴδʱѾ롣
ĳʽɲͬʱȻվڷ룬ȻϥһЦ⡣
ʦԭ£ǾԲҵʦģ˭֪ʦһԪ˵һһԪҲΥʦ尡
û취ֻ˵û
ãôʦԭ㣡𣿾ȻΪˣͽܣʦ𣿡
ϷӶЦ
ʦͽܼǿİþûʦˣʦȻһľ񣡡
˵ҲЩƢŹֵʦ
ߣһԪڵӭϷͽôģȻţѵûϷʦ𣿡
Ϸӵķ辢ƺԽԽˣȻָд󾪣ǰʦԼӭģ벻ȥԼȨѾʧˡ
æȻϷӲĵͷ
ûΪ֪ϷƢ֣ȴԼദĲӦòΪԼӭǨŭԼ
ϷӼֱǸֵģһ˺ü⣬һһشϷӲĵͷͻȻһתȻ׼
㰡ʦȰ棬ھҪùˣԸϷŰһ㣬Ӱ쵽ʦİţ
ֻΪˡ
һԪˣĵ֮ˣʱҲΪģΪϷӵͽܶѵˣοǴûأ
ڳ֮ˣûвϷģˣ˶ҵϷӣҳǰ


1418 
Ϸӵɴ۾ȻȻѿЦˣЦľ˵Ŀ
Сܣˣɵ̫ˣ
ϷӴһ˼ȫҪεڵء
磬㿴ȥ磡ȻǾݵһڵʦ壬һ˶ľսģϣҲѧ
̸ЦηЦ
СҲϷ֣ӵôãҵͽܣ
ϷӿЦһҲûжƢļ
ףǶӭңȴţⲻǲ𣿡
Ϸƺող뵽һ㣬ʵȴЦŭ⡣
֪ʱλشϷӵĵ⡣
ЦЦȻ˵˽Ҷѣϲˣѵˣ
Ϸӵ˵ȻѵˣҪǶˣϷû˵ˡ
ˣҶվţţ˶أѣ翴ôѵˣαضŭأ
ٺһЦ˵ĻզһеϸѰ˼ǲ޶ٵġ
Ϸȴ¶ϲɫȻ˺ȵһȺãӭϷ򣡡
һ޲εȥҲ̲ס͵Цѣʦľ⣬ȻôȥԼأ
ߣʦǹ׾ƽʱϡͿؼʱȴǾ
磬ôҶ£˶ˣ
ЦԼ⻰̫޳ˣʦ滹ǣ˷׷¡
ѾˬˣϷӸ˭ָȥأǲˬûȤ
治ҾȻȲ裬ϷҲ
ϷӹЦȻһ裬ֱӹС
ƣʦǲûˣôͻȻĴڻԼЩηηš
ʦ壬Ҫ飡ʦ
ӲͷƤ˵
Ϸʲô飡ڣϷϲȲ裬˭ҲϷҪʲô£˵ʦҲʦ԰
ϷӺٺЦ
ʱͻȻһ鴫Ѷʯһۺе󾪣û뵽ħ֮սѸ١
ʦ壬ÿҪ飡
ӵѾĸıˣʱȻʮֵࡣ
ߣûĵĻ쵰˵ʦ壿С쵰ʦǰʧ򣬱ʦ۸㣡
ϷӶݺݵвԽƣϾϢѾʾʱʣࡣ
Ϸӣǲߣ
ɫһ䣬ȻҶϷ˵
ʲô˵һ飡ѵƾ֮ýסϷ룬һϷˣűһǧ꣡һΣϷͽڣڣǲסϷ򣡡
Ϸ˵ƺһεıȻŭѡ
һΣҲʮֵΣǲֶԸʦ壬һԪڵĺĵӶҪŰˡ
ʦ壡һΣҲҪκ˵ٲߣұս㣬ˣóƺʦ壬ҳ𣿡
ҧ˵Ѿӿֳǿս⡣
ߣ°ܽѣսϷϷҪҲ
ϷӰͲսԼϾﴦڸ޵У޵мį״̬
ʦ壬㲻Ҫ۹⿴ˣһΰܸ㣬ǶǰˣһΣҲ㣡Բᣡ
ͻȻ̧ͷϷӣ˫ɢǿţϷҲΪ֮һ㶣̶һΨҶĿЦ
Сӣΰɣƾ㣬ʲôսʤϷ򣿡
ϷЦǳҲͬʦĸоʦϷӡ۸ɲһˣǳõʱۡ
֪˭ΣһԵóˣʦ壬Ҫƣұ˭һԪĵһˡ
ӺٺЦеϷҲаԾ衣
ϷӵУӿһʮֽˣ˵˷һյġ
ϷһʤӣҲʤˣڹȥô꣬ϷҲûбʤİգԣʱŻоѹ
һԪڵһˣһԪںĵ׷ĿڣҪΪƽʱһͰףһս֮УЩ˱ᱬǿ־־ҲսԽǿ
ԭʦҪϷӾһԪڵһˣ˵ʵǳǿ󣬵˭ܶȡһԪڵһ˵λã⵹˵顣
аţͻȻԽԽ˼ˣһȺĸ֮ʱǻսҲбʮǿҡ
Сӣ˵󻰣ʦ츳ף׵ʦֻ˲һʵʱ֪кθأ
Ϸͬ۸߾֮ˣʱȻͬ࣬Ȼ˵
һʵӣ
ԲţȴֲòϣϷӵʵ֮ǿ󣬾ԼҲ


1419 
ȻƽʱǿƣҲڴʱ˵ѻΪĻҲҪͨʵġ
һԪڵĺĵҲ׷ױϷӵĻˣһ仰ĺϷֻʮ֮һʵսʤӣ̫ˣҪ֪ӵѾӵ˰˵ɷ
ʮʵ
ҲЩ𾪣ĬĬ˼һԼЩĽҲͬѰ
ӵоŵɷӵʵѾһڵ츳Ҳ˲ֹһΪԵҲһֹ
˵һԲǱǰǿһô򵥣ӵӵоŵɷʵһ츳һ츳һ൱ڰ˵ɷıʵˣϷӵֻһʵҲ㹻һս
ֻʮ֮һʵôһξԲҵĶ֣
һ΢΢һЦȻ޾ϷӵĻ
ʮ֮һҲãʮҲգǽǹȥˣЩ꣬ʵֹʮԣʦĪҪˣοɻƴȫ
Ȼʮ㡣
Ϊʦ迼սֻҪսȫԸӦϣϷӵģ
š
С쵰ִţ˰ɣðɣȻ㲻ھһսɣʦνС⣡
Ϸӵֻ΢΢й¶һ㣬˶ʱܵǿѹС
ΪѹȶѪɫ˲ò԰ֽʱϷӵʵжô¡
ѾӵмɷʱȻϷһ˲йӰ쵽ˡ
ûκӰ죬ʱȥ۲˵ķӦһ֪һ޷ϷӸղŵй
ʦ壡һиҪҪҵԼռӳٽУڣʦ廹ȴǻиҪҪ
Цơ
ߣ˰ɣ
ϷЦȥȻϣƺͲԸŲ塣
ʦ壬£νҪһԪڵλʦ岻һֱϲսͽҲҪμӣʦ廹ĿԴɣ
˵ϷͻȻһ˲䣬ŹЦСӣͽܿɲ򵥣ˣֻ˵Ϊͽܱ֮һ
𣿡
ҲЩȣҲһۣ˸Ƿ׷һΪ
ãһԪںĵҲʮΪӵͽܣȻյıȽ϶ࡣ
ϷӵĻһԪʷٶ֮ˣ츳ѾԶԶĳһԪںĵӣǿ˵һʱ֮жϡ
ϷͻȻ£ȻѾͬӵҪΪкϷˣϷҲü֡
ܺãڣһԪںĵλʽʼλһελվλá
ӻ䣬Ѿ׷׿ʼжȻʵŶġ
ųһʱ΢Цվ˶ǰ
ӸովãϷѾЦվӵǰӵȴֶϷӵľٶԵЩ޿κΡ
ʦ壬Сԡķˣװɵأ
⣬ȴһҲҿ϶ΪʦʱʱѣֻʱԶԶѵʱʱ䡣
ʱӸɴӶ˳ƾϷվڶǰȻЦʦ壬һԪĸ֣㲻ҪŶӣһֹɣ
ðϷ֤ˣһĹƽ
ϷӴϲ
ӵͷȻ㣬ã˸ոսһԪڣλһҪ룬վڽеһֵλ
˱ûվһУʱҲͬʱŵ
һԪڴʱӣϷӣ⣬պʮ
һλʱ䲢û̫һΣҵλ仯̫󡣸Ĺ֮ҪֳԵȫȽж֮սȻϹء
Ӵͬʱǣܿվ˳
һĶ໥ԣ⽫ǵһ֣һֿʼ֮ս̿ʼˡ
λʼΧһȦ˼һɽͷս
˺ܿϳҲսһֱѹ
ѾΪ˵·ǳҪˣλһһԪںĵӷֶΡ
ʵΪ磬ֻʵҪģһԪڵĺĵУ֮Ҳ̾ѡ
ڶսʱΧҲԳûĦȡս̾
ӵļƻǶ֮սʤ߷ֳһ飬ҲΪһ飬黹ӦķֳС飬ȻС֮ڵıԡ
вɾصǺܹƽȻЩ࣬ȻСΪпᣬΪÿֻ֮һ˿Խܼʮˣһ󣬵ܹǰʮıϾֻˡ


1420 
ȻֹҲвƽֻ֮еʵԽǿʱôԽԣǿȻ׼ġ
ΪԵĹ̻ܸӣȴԼĻкܴ
һ֣ɢϺ˫ʵֳ˸£һһλȻˣǰ֮Ҳڽ
ڶչһѹ󣬼˲ֳʤ
ǸʤҲû¶˿֮ɫԵİգû뵽һλԷžʵĲࡣ
˵岻ӣʱڹս֮УҲû˵ٻһĬĹս
սһֱţʱ䣬ǰʮ֮˲ŷֳǰʮ֮ĶʮҲֳµ
ֻʮ˻ûֳʱʮ֮䰴ǿһ֮ǶսΪ⽫ʤ
ʮ֮ױֳˣȻвҲȥԼ֮ǰսλľڡ
λֻһһʱڣֻҪǱսǰһλһֱԵ̶Ϊֹ
˵ս漤ңΪλ漰⣬һԪںĵӷ׷ȫԸ
죬˲·ֳȻһҪսӣҲǿԵģֻҪ߱㹻ʵ
֮໥ȴҲû˻һյĶûе顣
ȴʼɣΪһԪڵĺĵӣˣôҲһԪڵĺĵӡڣҪ㰲һ׼ս𣿡
Ȼʵ
ʦ棬׼ˣ
񹧾˵Ȼ׼սһλĺĵӡ
񻹲ΪʵҪŵһ⼸ǲܵ飬˽֪
ȴҪսҲ˶Ϊʮ͡
䣬ҲԲģǷǳҪ顣
ҪʶһһԪڸֵʵǱ㿪ʼ˵һս
ԭһһƽ꣬ʱ΢Ц
񣬼ȻֻеɺڵΪұԵɺڵΪһսսΣ
Ц˵еΪĵӡ
õģ
˵еʮ㣬ԷȻֻԵɺڵΪԼսԼ;ԲԷ츳־
ͬߵսӦûʤ
ֻ˶һ۱˽ۡ
ȻǸͬΪʵս󣬽һӱѾ
ǣΪɳڣʱȫǶˣƴȫҲ˵Ķ֡
ɺɳȫǶͬĸΪ»ܴӮǵҪ߷߶ˡ
ˣܵʮֲңֻ֪һʼ
һԪڵĺĵʵձǿʱˣȻķڷһֻʱѣȵԺ񻹻μȡһǰ
һԪںĵĿǰ35
ӴϴһصЦ⡣
Ǹʦˣ
ЩһʲôԭܹЩˡ
ͷһ˳á
ҲʼսǰĵʮߣѾͬΪսˣǱ㲻֣뵥ƾѹսʤãȴǸûдﵽĿġ
ʵõ츳ҲǾ֮ѹƵ£ȻӲͷƤԷһսȻһսֻӣȴöԷһ
ΪԳչʾĹֶΣѾа̾ҲһξҪõʵˡ
ңĶͽֱܷõһͬӵĶͽ
˾ȻһЦԴ˲⣬Ϊ˵·ŸոտʼҲ⽫ζŶ˻Ŭ
ȻӽĿ˹¡
㣬ֵˣʼսɣԴһ˿ʼսҲκսһʼս
Ÿ˵
лʾѾжˡ
۾мһˣ졣
ʮλλŵ˵ڶʮ
Ҳ֪Լеʵŵʱѡ졣
֮ǰ㻹Ķ֣󣬸ʵ˲٣ʱûѡֱѡʵǿһ졣
֣ԻϧһԪںĵӵսУû˫֮սΪˣ˵Եòߡ
ʦ㣬Ҫս㣡
칰˵
һʼսʮλһԪںĵӣ˽ЩȣΪʵɲ츳ǾѣҲ˲Сӡ
ãҽս
첢ʾ˷ֱ֮С
Ѿӵ˾ŵԶսǶ֣ȫռơ


1421 
УȷɢѹһΣѾȫǿļҪѹһС
ʵνǽȣӵ˵ھŵʵѾһ츳Ȼٴˣѹĳ̶ԶԶҪǿĶࡣ
һʹȫȴԼ޷ѹսʤԷǣбЩˡ
⵱Ȼǵӣֻǣû뵽µʵȻ֮죬ʧȥƵʱͻȻ˹ߣչֳ壬ԼƺܵĿԸ
²׼仯߱壬ǼɽȻƼѹԷ
úɫѾĲҰףΪֶԷѹԽԽǿ󣬼Ǵﲻѹľ磬ȴҲ֮Զˡ
һ뵽Է߱壬ǿеսѾ˲١
ˣӦòĶ֣սȥҲӦ޷Ӯ˳ˮ飬ȥսһλ
Ǳ㱧ȭˣսǰ֮ˣ
㣬¶Ц⣬ܹ䣬ɲǼ֮£ˣ죬Ҳùµгɾ͸С
ŵ֮츳̶ȵľߵʵ츳ĵս־ҲΪʤҪ롣
½սȻһսһԪںĵӣհܸ˺ĵʮߡ
ǿŽ˵ʮҪΪ˵ԵӰս
ͷ֮ʱŮһЦԣҲ𾪹µΪȻ١
һйأϷ֮Ȼû
Ŀ⽥ϡ
΢΢һЦʦڵʵԼҲһøĿڽԼʦˡ
ӵĿڼϣϷƺѾȲˣٺЦСܰȥúýѵǣôԶҲս㣡
ǺǣģһᾡΪ
ЦֻԼƺϷΪʱʦӵĿƺҪɱԼһ㡣
ʦ壡˵˲ģʦ屣ְ
ӶϷ˵кЩƽ⣬Լͽܳƺ磬Լȴóƺʦ壬㣬ܾԼıͻȻࡣ
úãҲ˵ˣСӣˣʦ忴㰡
ϷӵͷӦȴ̲ס˵޿κΡ

Ȼȵ
ڣ
Ҳıȭ
ʦΨһһĵӣڣһԪڵĺĵӾڴ˵أΪ㽫ս֪Ӻ˿ʼսأ
˵ȻܹˣΪԼĵӣˣԼҲܶˣӮˣԼҲй͡
վһŵһԪںĵӣÿһھݶ϶֣ôȥһ𣬾֮ҲֻһԪܹӵ˶ľŵ֡
˭ʼսأ
ʵĿһֱȥʱɵͷ΢ЦȻ󵱿ʱбѾ⡣
ҵĵ֣ˣһԪںĵУʮԺģұ迼ˣôӵھʼս
еھŵߣԼոճһԪʱǸŮӡ
ٻӣ
˵
ٻӡ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ¶һЦ⣬ȼǵһʱΣԼʦƺ
ҽս
ٻӡ΢Ц߳ͬ΢ЦԶ֣ĸߴòŮӡ
룡
ȻŲȵ棬δС
ϢΧۣѾ˱Կʼǣ˱ڴ˵ս
һԪǰʮĺĵӽսȻ˵ӣˣ˶עս
ٻҪŰˣ
ϷӹЦҲ𾪣Ϸƽʱģ۹ȴʮֶǰ֮սУԤʮ֮˾š
ٻ˽ã˵һ顣
Ҳڲִбɱ壬ȴܹƾһ֮ɱǶλ֣ƾʵٻӱ̾硣
ˣһμٻӱʦԾӣⲻûеġ
ʱϷ֮ԣٻͻȻЦʦ츳ףΪˣٻ̾磬Ը䣡ھŵá
䣿⻹ûҲ̫ˣô֪ԼĶ֣
𾪵ţԷ䣬ֻܵͷͬ⡣
ٻӣ֪֮
ϷӹЦ
սٻӵսʤ
Ӹε˷֮ɫ
ٻ΢Ц˳أȻ˻Լλã֮˷׷׳ƶճһλø
㻹Լսѡһְɣ


1422 
ӵȻ˵ȴЩ
ʦ֪ˣ
شȻڰ֮ˣһģߣʱԼǱͷЦҪսĿ㣬սģĻʹдҲű
иԣ
޵Ǹģ˿˼ۣѾȷһս
Ǻдĵòȴһ޷ӵǿûи϶Ĵ𸴣ǼʵŵӣȷҪս𣿡
ȷԼ϶
Ц˵ҲԷһǿս⡣
ǺйЦųȵĲ˳ܿߵĶ档
ŵӣ׼𣿡
һǰȻɢǿơ
֪ʱѾȫںˣԿԸĲ뵽սС
׼ˣ֪ʦγƺ
Цʵ
ҵѾû׼֣ͽԪںаɣ
п˵
ԪںУƺ˼һԪڵĺУֻͦ˼ġ
а
˺ѼȻս״̬֮С
ԪںбɣȴһҲСŵӣΪжţŵ츳ˡ
ŵɷƣԪںе츳ڲ֮䣬һɷĶʮ츳
츳ȻԽһԪںĵǰʮǰ츳ҲԪںв˶١
ֻ츳ǰһʱڷѾﵽԼĪʮҡ
ԪںдһѾնȻѾǿѹռϷ硣
еȻһЦȻվԭأ׼ռݿƣƾԷϮ
ѹ޷Ӧ
Ԫں֪Լ츳ѾܲˣҲÿһһԪڵӽԿԵġ
ƣ
Ԫں͵ѹƾһε
Ԫֵܲز׾ˣʹȫɣ
˵Ȼƽ糣ƺûܵԪںеκӰ졣
ãʦܿҪСˣ
ԪںзһȻ͵ıȫƣƻ۳һֱ߳ƽ
ʮɵƣԪںÿɷĶʮΪѹӦ൱ֲġ
ȻȴȻԭȻƾΧƽԼ֡
ôܣãôɵĵҵѹѵ츳֮ϣ
ԪںвпһҲ
ŵӣȻ츳ף
Ԫںп޵еսҲԽǿ
ʦֹˣʦҲǿ󣡡
˵ҲΪһԪڶڰ˵ĺĵӾȻѾûġ
ԪںЦһȻٴηѹȥѹԷȻһЧûС
ҲƷȴ崦ԪںеѹУԪںееżΪ޷ռκƣǾͱץʱ乥ԷˣҲֻŸӻʤİա
ಣ
ԪںͻȻֳһȣɢźĹâһ㲻Ƿ
ŵӣȡһսɣ䶨ˣ
ԪںдǲԸͻʩ͵Ϯ
ҵֱҵɣʱ㵽ף
ûʹɽ˿ԽҲ£Ϊʱսɹ󽫻һԪںĵڰˡ
ԪںеսԽԽǿ󣬶־Ȼʹ÷ɽǶԼ衣
ŵӣһԣ
Ԫں͵һŭеȾͬɽһ㳯ķȥ
ڵɢһźɫĹââԼٶȳȥ
ǰɣȻţ
˵Ϊû׼ܶԷĽ
ɢĽֱӹȲ㣬ҲֿƾǿĽϮ塣
䣡
ͬϮӲʯͷϣȻһըǽȴδκεơ
ڣϵĽսҲûбƣҲ˵һȵĽ֮ûӰ쵽
ܣ
Ԫں˵ٴηһУεԽǿ󣬿ǣվԲӦ䡣
һΣһ£Ȼ΢ЦԪںС
ԪںȫһȻã֮䣬Ȼڲ֮ء
ñ̬ķʦʵȻǿһʦǿͺˡ
˵в֪Ĵϳ֮ɫ
ǰʦһֱǿһֱĽ
΢ЦŽӿڵǳ֮Ա
һԪںĵ۷׷ףΪķ˵
ӶϵĺۣͻȻȻԭԼ͸Ľսףֻ״ɫսҲΪǿıԭеԡ


1423 
ȻӾΪһǽս׵ĹͣΪʱûпս׵ǿ¶棬ԪںеĽɵնϣ֤ȷʵǿ
ԪںѾˣȴûȡκЧԷ
⣬ڵģ
Ԫںĺȵе͵ĳֻ֮ɫͬлǺɫȼա
潣飡ԪСǲ
Ϸ鲻Խ˵Ц⡣
һԪںĵУܹʹ߾ֻҲ߱Ϊйأ߱ΪԽǿǽҲԽǿ
Ԫںʹ飬һҲ¶΢΢Ц⡣
̽Ԫںе츳ʹȻԼΪǿ
ƾսױɷͬߵĽԽԽǿҪԪںеĽ鹥Ҳ¡
뵽ȻûѡɽûѡܣΪֻҪסԷĹԼѾڲ֮أսʤ֡
ɣìΪĶܸ̣
Ȼ˵Ȼ˫֣ƾԷĽ鹥
ԪںбǱƢʱ׼ŭˣﻹܶԷܷסԼĹǿĽ
ɫȣʱγΪĹЧǵĽʱĽսѾֳһȦɫĹâ
䣡
Ԫںе徹ȻɣеȲȡ

Ԫںε̾ͬһ
޿κΣ
ԪںݵĴܸУǿǰԼǿĹ޷ֺԼܾѶ
ʦ֣֪㻹ֶΣɣȫˡ
΢΢Ц
ԪںԣвһԼвǿȴȻԴȻҪʹںķԪȴΥڹ档
ˣɣڿʼʦˣ
Ԫںвƴ˱һ֣Ҳ˼ټöԷԼ
սԪںеıԣʤ
ȵ䣬ȴʮֵļ
ֱڻû¶ֶΣȴѾΪһԪеڰ˵ĸ֡
սȥٴתĿ⣬ߵʦ֡
ŵӣսң䣡λø㣡
˺ܸɴ˵Ȼ˼ɣλ
һԪЩĵӣǲͬԪںЩƣеߵĵʮ֪֮ϵҲҲʮȷķʽ
սʵ൱սаһģӮˣģˣҲԼԼԺŬ
ǣʵ̫ԶսֻĳЩãҲǳײá
һ߶ԣܸ̫ǿǻӰ쵽
Ҳ䣬ʦ룡
һģߣΪߵԪںлҪǿ󣬿ǼĶ֣ѡ䡣
һԪںĵӵǰˣ˲һԪںĵеĺģΪʵΪһԪڣ֮һ˽ǲݺӵĴڡ
ǵ˻ûڣѾŵ˵磬ͬʱսˣеӮˣеһλʦ֣ʦΪΣ
ޱȵĿһԪ˵ĵһ뷨һ֮սһԪǰĸ֣ɲһĿ
鲻ԽԭأΪû˸ͬʱսǰĺĵӡ
ĪҪΣʦ㣬ǧҪСһԪڵĺĵӣҪһ壬Ҳĺܲҡ
ӵЩӣϣսͬʱֵӦ
Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫СͽܵˣǶˣսˣ԰ɣҲľϲ
ϷӽӿڵҲԽԽֻעΪһԪƽĺĵӡ
Ȼȴ˿Ĳ
˵ޱȣȴһƬƽ֮ɫû˿Ŀ֮ɫ˵ܵ͵˵ĻȴﲻݣһԪкĵ𺳣ԼҲЩ
ôѾҪǾ;ǶϷսʧܣҲһҪȥ
ȷʱЩѾʧȥսԼʸ
ǷȷԼĻֻǿЦʦһεЦ㲻ǿЦǾҪʮ־ΪսһԪˣʦҲͬʱս֣
Ӷĸ鼸ԴмһԪкĵӶܸоӶƫ
һΪʦ縸
һԪڣʦͽϵȫȵϸӹϵƫγƫΪŮ˶ϧһζˡ


1424 
ʦģ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮѾսһԪǰĸ֣
һȷĻظ
ĵͷͻȻųһټЦ⣬еΪоޱȵĽ
һԪ꣬û˷֮٣Ƿսʤ˵֣ѾһԪǰ޹ˣҲߡ
ҽս
һӢӣͬʱԺЦ
ʦմ
ʵȻдŹ
һԪһߣ
˵ɢһǿ̤һѾоΪɲ⡣
ԭʦ֣ܺãʦԵȣ
ȭ
˵
Ҳ˵ǶǶŵӣԼҲû̫İգ֣⼸аٷ֮ٵİˡ
һԪ÷ߣԸŵӵս
ĵһŮˣҲǰ֮жŮ֮һòɣ˵Ҳ쳣ö
ԭ÷ʦ㣡
ֱȭ
÷΢ЦĻȻӶл߳ǸΪǿ󣬲ɽȡ
ʣˣ˵һڷߣ߿ȥϷӵͲ࣬ģȴϷҪӢĶ࣬һѩ׵ӣͷ׺ӣϵƤҲܰ𪣬ȥмɷǡ
ͿȥжȻʦֳƺȴǿЦĹֻ
յʦȴһСΪʦ֣峾֣һԪڿԽԽˣǵһΣ㻹ڶεֽˡ
ϷƺǿЦ
ڣ峾ҲϷӼƽϣƽϣƾʲôʵƽأ
ˣеڶͬһŮӣֻŮӵò÷ȫǶޣŮӵ֣ͬԲͰٱҲЩ⣬ȥʵƽ档
ȴ쳣һ˫۾ʱоԼеܶбԷĸо
һԪŷѩŵӵսŵӿҪ׼ҾԲ飡
ŷѩ˵ǰ̤ʱͷȻƮ亮ѩ˷׷׸ܵǿ
ƾʦʩչ¶ˣ
ܵıȭ˵
ڣֵһԪһĺĵˣӵص㣬ΪȻһ٪塣
٪߲һףһƤ׾°ȴһѰɫӣָо˺ܹ졣
ȥ˹⣬ƺκεΣգΪһЦ΢Цʱ򣬾ͬһаСк
ȻȴɵߣΪ˵˲ŸΪ£ŸֲΣա
һԪǰ컪Ըս
٪аЦ˵Ļд󾪣ԭһԪڵš
ʦվɣҽҪͬʱսλʦʦ㣬λ飬սϣϣλȫԸʤʤܣһй䣡
ȻеսѾ˵ĵӡ
ͬʱȭ˵һ£˵Ҳͬʦܣһ飬ҪӮǾƾʵȡʤ
ͷѾսʼ˽Զ˿ǧɣͬʱڿԹ⾪һս
Զ벻ɣң˽ûѡա
ڵϣ˾ͬһһ㣬ϸ˿ı鲨
ͬˣһ಻ɣõս롣
иֵķȣ˽վԭأһֳǿߵĸо
֪ʱһ磬ϵ·ͬʱƮǶŮӵĳӭ趯иԵóƮݡ
ĳģһͷںڵĳδϣݣ˫ۣ˵ƽоԡ
֣Ҳû˭׵СΪһԪ츳ĵӣŵӣδпܳΪһԪŵߡ
һվȾԣ˵ǽԲʱ䣬һȻ
ڣѾʼ˱仯еӢȳǰȥÿһƱǿһ֣ʮƼѾﵽ塣
Ȼѹͬǣ˻ѡһԼֵסųǳսĿԡ
ȴһԴֲ֮ƽܡһ֣һģѹҲСܶࡣ
Ϊš
ϷҲ룬ΪԼҲȴʵһֱڶʧȥս
ǲ޷ʱ顣
֮ѡһսˣĿ֣ӳ˵ǿʵ
սʤ˵֮ƣκֶΣֻƾʵȥսʱ뷨


1425 
ʦ֣ƣ
˵оȻصЦ⡣
ŵӣɲҪ̫Сˣ
еսҲ͵ĵͺһٴһȻƾȻڿγһС
еԽԽǿ󣬶ƵĿѾﵽһʮָĳ̶ȡ
ǿ͵ĳѹʱҲܵͻǿѹ
츳ܲȻﵽ˶ʮ屶츳ǰǼҪǿ̫࣬Ѿʵ
ҲѹԷѹڿһײᵽԷ츳
츳ǿģԷ츳ʱҲԿ϶츳ٲԼ֮¡
еսⱻˣͬʱŭ徹Ȼ˲仯ˡ
ߣȻԱսǿģڴʱ仯߱塣
ԭ߱廹ԼĪһʵǿ󣡡
òǿԼѹйŶԷ츳ΪαʵѾԶԶĳһߵαʵڣαʵҲԷһ߱ʵ
ˣԷӵ߱ϵĶʮ屶츳Ȼûжв
˵ȻȥƾУȻȴ͵һԭŵߵʵȻԴﵽ̶ֳȡ
ĵһɷ츳һֱУ⣬α츳Ҳһֱ߶ҲܣǶȫܵġ
ϵʩչѹ߱彫ѹչֵ쾡£ȻȻ޷ѹռơ
д󾪣ΪԼеĵ÷ȣҲԲ֮Ϊ⡣
ڲƴ£ģҲֻǶܾ˵Ч
ı֣˿۵ףһ׷׶츳ޱȡ
ŵӣ
÷˵ʱѾչһһǰУÿһƱǿһݣͬʱͷѩҲԽԽࡣ
ʮֹ죬ѾԻжϳ÷һϵʮǿߣԶԶԶԸĶࡣ
֮÷ѾųһţѹҲʩչʱ̸оѹͻ
ȻŶˣһʼ¶ȫֶΣǣƾղŵ֧֡
÷¶ȻһЦһЦɡ
֮о÷ͻȻջأҲˡ
˵ѹٴϮͬǣһΣ˵ѹȻڰпʼںϣȻһϮ
˵޼ǷɢչѹҲ֧š
ֻû뵽ǣ˵ƾȻںһ൱ڶ˵Ƶһ
ô֣ѵҪ˵ƵӣƵһ𣬾ҲԵǧҪСһԪڵĺĵӡ
˵
һԪںĵͬʱһԪ˾һԣȺսŻԵ˿ֲƾƵĵӣһԪڵĶӣһһڶ
˵ӺͻȻϮʱ徹Ȼ΢΢ҡһ£Ȼȴûк˰벽ֻǱʮ֮ء
ʦܣǿѹ
÷˵
õģ÷ʦ㣡
ٴӣ֮£Ʊǰһࡣ
ȴûκεѹǿ֧ţȻǰѹȥ
˵ҲȻûжγɾԵƣԣ֧š
츳־һʱ֧סˣҪƳԷֵѹ㲢ѡ
СӣɱУڲǣͻᱻֹ£Ҳûκεķأ
ϷͻȻѵҲΪսżϾСҲԼϵСܣԼʮ֮ͶԵ
ģҵֵסһֵס
Ȼͷ˵Ӣϴһ˿صЦ⡣
֣Ȼ޷ѹԷ÷Ҳоûӡ
ӵģҲΪûһʼʩչѹԭ
ʦܣͣ
÷͵ĺȵٴͷϵѩʼ裬ٲȻ˱Ϣ
ΣһҪȥʱȥѣ
иԼһ̬ȻƾԷ֣һǿ֧š
Ƭ̹ȥ÷Ȼڼ֣Ҫѹ뷨Ѿˡ
ؼʱ̣һԪںĵеĺڷ߲˳
峾ˣһԪڵϷʦֵܣѾǺܾǰˡ
峾˵ʵҪǿ÷ʱһ˵ϱһЦ⣬Ϊ峾˼ԿռݾƣôñҲ䶨ˡ


1426 
ŵӣСˣ
峾ֱߵƽʱſѵ
лʦֹģһСĵģ
Цƺû峾˷
峾΢΢һЦǰ͵ĳһӴƣƾȻ˿÷˵֡
ǱƵıԶγɾѹˡ
Ѫ
һ͵ƾȻһƬâС
ʵǿѪ츳Ҳǿα֮һʵ
֮һʵֻǻѣ֮ÿɷһ൱֮һѹ
ȻȻãǣ㽫츳ʮңٴԼĪǰһѹǣʵҲԽӽһ
ıƣһƣ˵ҲͱǿһȻ޷ﵽƵѹ
ֻҪûڶԷƵľѹУϱԲܡ
޷ϻʱ˶ˣΪʵ̫ˡ
ǿļһһֱһãôôǿҲ˿ܲ
𾪵Ĵסˣ
ֹȫĪϷҲ츳
ƾһ֮ԶԿ˵ѹһֱּ̫ǿˡ
츳־Ҳˣ֮֮£ѹռݾơ
˽Ƕĸ֣Ȼа˷Ҳ޷ѹռݾƣҲɷ׷¶Ц
ôǣ
аʱ򣬵ʩչѹԽǿյҲԽ죬츳ӵеǿ츳ֻ˻ս֮һ̬츳
һԪǰĸ֣ʣˣŷѩһ컪Ȼ㿪ʼǰȥ
ŷѩʵԶʤǰ˵κһ߳ʱ˶սеˡ
ܿ죬ŷѩߵһŵĵطŷѩ΢΢һЦƺܿɢȴһ˲۷塣
ŷѩʩչѹʱûѡ֣Ҳʮֿѹ
ǰֻʹ˶ʮҵ츳ʱŷѩ֣̽츳ʮ屶ңֻ屶츳ʽȫһˡ
ŷѩˣû뵽Է츳ȻѷԼǻҪԼ١
ǣŷѩѡ˵֣һѹٴδ
ƴˣ
һҧ츳ʮңһ˵ѹҲ޿κΡ
˼Ҫˣеһ컪̲סˣһֱ˲Ƶߡ
Ϸ츳ǿߣҪ츳ҪƵֵ˵֣⼸ǲܵġ
컪ʩչѹȥɫ̲԰ֽվȣŵŵŵʮಽ
ѹòٴǿԼƣ򣬸޷ɿֲơ
˽ԾΪʱȴȻͬʱ˫֣Ҳ֪ʲô屻һ֣ȴͻȻһ
ӳ
սѧʱóǡô
һԪĵ֣Ȼ޷γɾԵѹ˶ĿɿڴҲòʰ·硣
һ֣ҲƷҲһԪڣҲֻּƷˡ
˵ƼǵӵģɢѹһоûС
ƶԿУҲԴ˵츳ǿһˣҲԼ츳ŲٵĲࡣ
֣ǻʲôӣλʹǿѹʲôóΪս
컪ͷȻʩչһڼӳ֮һ
Ҳ׷ײһ׷ٴơ
ٵѹҲԽԽ󣬲ȴǹȻһҲȴ
ԷѹʱѾ̲סһѪˣȻվıֱ
ѹܹȥ˾ַҲսʤΪϼǵӵģڹϣ˵ʵܲɱĵЧ
ѹ£ϵĽսҲסˣȻһ¡졣
սըѿȻȻȻͦƤͻȻһƬƬɫƬЩƬȴɵĵԷѹ


1427 
ʱţʱȥ˲ŷƷǵûаּҷǿˡ
˵мҲˡ
츳ˣε
ѾѪǵѪδ̣һ˿ĪЦ⡣
ʦһҪȥ
˵΢΢ţмޱȣ·սԼһ㡣
ʦҳ㣡
һֱһɲԹʱȴҲԹֻǼĿΪƷĵӣкεȵԺ
ͣ
Ҳ˵ƫĳ̶ȿɼһߣΪҲͬţʱȴǺ͡
Сܣͣʤܣ㶼֤Լ֤Լ츳ʵ
ϷҲ˵ʱȫһ
ǵƾΪʱ˵վȡ
ʱƾ־֧ԼЩŰѪ
⿴ŰʵҲһַʽսʤǿսС
ܶ飬Ҫڹؼʱ̼ȥһʱȥһԷѹռݾƣԼܾѶ
ʣڶԷ˵嶼޷ԿأѾڱĵλȻкܴļʰܸԷ
ʦǣǲܰܣһܸ
΢΢ĲһԭӢҲԵЩŤ
ѩ
÷ɴʵж֤ϵʩչǿơ
ƴˣ
ڷ峾˴͵һѪƾձǣȫǲϧԪΪ
ŷѩ컪Ҳͬʱƣ˵ǲʱȻġ
˲ϵǿƣܵѹҲѹˣ˫ȾͬһվԵüΪѡ
ɣ
һס촽촽ֱӱҧѪһ˫ڵѾʼ죬֮ﵽ˿񻯵״̬
״̬Ǽ߲ſԴﵽģڿ״̬лܱѣǾ͸Ϊˡ
츳ӵеļ£ҪʽҲֻ츳Żһ㡣
Լ̺޾ǱǰǱ뽫ЩǱļ״̬£ҲΪס
ΣҾ䣡
ٴǣڿ״̬£˫֮ѾһƬѪɫ
ʱţǲ֪С
ʩչȫֶΣȻ޿κΣʱ䲻֪ţһϵ½ţļٴͦıֱ
ӳЧڳһʱͻȻʧڴʱ͵ıԷѹķɳɡ
һɼΪܵĸоӿУֻѪһڿѪٵӿͷ
һѪ徹Ȼɿе䣬һεȥ

񼸺̲סҪȥ֪ʱһ˾޴ѹļǿôڴʱ¡
ʦʵǿҲ̫ԸˣӦһԪǰĺĵӵġ
õ¶һ˿ЦѾ˳жϡ
ĵҲһ׷¶ϵЦ⣬ȴɫ̬࣬ʱʹࡣ
Ϸҡҡͷа̾ϧļӳͻȻɢˣôܻܸˡ
ǿ󣬷ǳǳǿ֮Уûһ˻Ķ֣ҪͬʱԸˣȴûκεʤ㣡
컪˵ǹѹš
ΪѾʱͻȻ컯Ȼɫ䣬ȻһѪ˳ٴнš
ͻȻʼʮֵĻȴһޱȵļᶨڴͬʱɢҲڷǿ
һһ㣬Ȼʼվǽֱͦǲ԰׵򼷳һ˿ȻЦ⡣
λһû䣡ҲԲ䣡
ѵıȭ˵ɫļΪ֮ݡ
ĺһڿϵתЦ⣬֮졣
ڱӸΪֱӣȻԸ򣬵ǴʱҲ㵸ֱǲԶ
⣬ôܣȻ
컪¶ı飬ôµһ˲䣬˱㴦˾ԵѹУѹģ
˺γ¶ЦʱٴЭʱѾ޷ռݵơ
˫˳ʵڷһԵкܿͳһ뷨
Ȼ޷ѹƶԷôӦȹƶ޷ֹֻҲսʤ
󣡡
컪սεȷḻ̷Ը
ͬʱСƶλãΪʱ⵽ķ󷨲֮ǰ


1428 
Էʧֻѹ˲ȫʧˣ󷨡
ƶλʱֻǣȻ¼սףԺɫ۲ɾǵĽɫѪ
ֻһ˲ʱ䣬ɫѾָԭеѪɫѪɫ˫Ȼʮ֮䣬ͬһĿˡ
Ǻεȵľ磡
δɽȻȴӡ̣Զ޷ǵ˲䡣
ӱǶƫڴʱƽʱѾףԼͽѾǵ¶Сˡ
ƻǷȣҪԶԶĳԼ
һֱڷͻϮȴжвԡ
һԪںĵӵ˽֮ĺأеϧƴҲҪøߵ
Ȼûг֮Σ󷨲֮ǰϮӦأ
ƾ֣ƾ˲󷨣ֺξ֮У
ƣ˲òȣʱ˵ĸо
˵󷨲õʮѸ٣λϺһΪһ塣
һԪ󷨣˵ʵӣƲӣɱ󡯡
һͣǱζѾڲ֮أٿͬͬˣͬͬأӵٶơ
ɱ󡯲Ϻ˱㾲ȴǵһЦһЦȴз
ЦɱһŮ˵Ц⣬ҲмЦݡ
֮еĵЦ⣬֮еĶŮȴͬʱһ񣬷׷׾ȵĪ֮졣
ЦԳõӰܵЦʱþȻɫ̣ЩߵвԾĲĳ¶㺡
ǰɣ
о˳Ŀеı仯ĿʵڲİΪ˵УԸܹĿ⡣
ʦɲǹģѽϽŬðɣ
˵ȻͻȻһһתǱ㽫Ӱ˳á
ɱ
컪һ£ͬʱŵ
һǿҵɱ֮Ȼƾնɱ֮컪֮˷׷׼ɽ
̫ǿˣɱҲܵ˾޴ѹǱ΢΢һЦнâһն콣ѾС
ಣ
컪һеķɽѾ˾ȻҲͬʱһȴʩΪ
ѾγɣԵ컪˸
һɫĽâƾնܿײһ
ǿĽ
̲ס˵ɣֻЩ飬ָоʮֵܡ
컪ȴһѾ뿪ԭ֮أеʮ㣬Ϊ⡮ɱ£˵ʵѹǿ
飡
컪һеĽͻȻ仯ˣΧͬʱʹ飬ֻߣʹ顯
ͬʱʹ顯󷨵£ܵĵطޣҲòȫʩΪ
նһһﵽһ壬ʹˡƽѾ潣С
䣡
˫Ľײһ徹Ȼ˲նΪأɽҲɳȥ
ȻҲܣΪĽ˻潣潣Ȼ컪Ľ
컪˵֧Ҳ޷ֵһƴˣһȻն컪һ۰
˫ڵʱķһȴǶܾ֮ƣȻƿأƺѾӽ뱻ɱ
컪Ʋأּ߶ԣһ۰նºҪȥҲ˲֮£Ӱܴ
˾ΪǱնϣ츳ѣѾ൱ڱɱ塣
˲֮ͻȻ϶Ϊһָܿǰģòһ
컪ҲӻֱۣȴЦսĻأ£Ҳûдﵽеơ
ڸֵˣ󷨣һƵ
ʮ˵һУն콣ѾصС
һ֣ɽӣ
ʱ˿̣Ҳܵϵı仯սƾȻ˾磬ңսҲԼļӰӴڡ
һ۲գĶмޱȣƺҪʱӰԶıڼ֮С
ͬʱɫΪƺʵѾ޷еˡ
潣飡
ĺȵǡն콣ʱﵽ޼᲻ݵ֮
Ŀɿڴķɽһȥʱ˲ͬʱչԹԹ
䣡
һ춯ص촫ɱҲƺ޷ɱըľ޴ͬʱĺʮɣȴ΢Ц֮С
һ֮⡮ɱ󡯱ѾʼȣˣһЦ⡣


1429 

컪һ˿ҸĻᣬΪʵ̫ǿһ󷨱ƣҲذɡ
η壬ȻӭϣȻӲӲչ
֮֮УǷͬСɣˣʹ˽飬ҲȻ޷ռϷ硣
׵ļ˵ս⣬һԸսУҲһ
սɣս
ͻȻȻȡ˻潣һͬҲȡˡ
Ű£ʱ˾޴֮У˸ǲΪڴʱֵ̫ţֻš
鶼ãȫ⣬ԣȴзǳҪ塣
ٴĽҪ澳½ΪʵһѡŰΪ
˲ŲʲôĿģֻǷĽֻס˵
һսĴ˳־ս֮УȫȫأԸᣬҲ൱ڷơ
£һֱ澳֮УÿһԷӲӲÿһαԷˣⶼ˾޴ʹ
ȻھϣȴḶ́꣬Լʺ硣
澳ĥԼ츳ؼʱ̱
˵սţ֪˶ٴˣڵǳ֮ĻָٶҲЩӦ˵Ƶӣǳ֮ĻָЧҲԽԽԡ
𾪵ٶȾȻ˵Ļ΢΢һ㣬ǾǱն׼ҲȻԼս
˺γ֪屻նɱֻΪҽأˣһսԵƣ
ʱȻѪҲȡˣһĽԼսУΪά
˵ѸٵţҲڲϵĽԼսѰŽɱ֮ĳƽ⡣
ڣһα֮ͻȻ¶ŹֵЦ⣬ûз˵ֹ
츳˽չ
дϲ⼸ʱŰսУ츳Ѿʮ屶ңʵٴһȫµľ硣
ռƣȴʼ޷ʱƣ˵ٶԶԶĳֻҪȥ˵İܾѶ
аϲ֪Լʱʵȫ֣ƶԷ󷨡
˼˴ͻȻõǼһ˲佫Ƿ
ಣ
һ˲˷Ѿȫʧ⡮ɱоտҲԷȫʧˡ
ʵʹǼȻһ˲䴩͸ǿ󷨡
ȻǼƷеļƷȻ˲䴩͸ǿ󷨡
ѾһԪһɽͷȴκ˷ֱ֣Ϣ֮󣬲ɻԼķ

ⱾϵʱȴѾΪڴ͸Ƶ˲䣬ѾʩչԣҲֻƾоɣȴ޷̽鵽Լʱټ
ʧˣô£
ʵô޷̽鵽Ϣ
Ҳˣ
峾˻شһ˫۾̽κ΢Сı䶯
ĪҪУսԶԶûнǲ䣡
ֵŷѩȻ˵ڸղŵսУѾܴ
÷ֻ¶һĨεЦ⣬Ц͸һȴ˵顣
컪Ϊǿ󣬴ʱѾ֮̽飬ûзΣǱҡҡͷ̾ϢѾˡɱ󡯣Ѿˣ
ܣ
ͬʱ˵ǱоȻ͸żȵĽš
˭Ҳ䣬ǿ϶ģΪһ䣬˽ԶıһԪڵʷᣬȴʷ
ʦܣʦǣûڸղŸûоȫҲ֪Ϊʲô֮ˣһͿء
컪ƺΪǣ֪ˡɱ󡯺Լ˸Ķ֣͵Ϯǽٰ֮֡
ҾԲģʦ֣Ӧսһ̣ʦ֧֣
ŷѩ˵ֵдŲġ
ԣʦ˵ĶԣսûǲҲ䣡ʦ֣Ҫʧȥģǻһս֮
÷ҲȰ
û˵Ǻγ˼컪ٴοЦȴǵͷ
ȥˣ
ΧУʱʵ˭Ҳ޷һȷĴ𰸡
ϷҲǶһۣԿ˶Էеľ
⾪֮У˵лһϲãӶԣΪе
ϷʮͶԵγϣԽԽãֻһһҪԭǱһԪڼΣ֮УӦ֮ˣϷӲǰ㵽ġ
Ƭ̹ȥͬԶʧˣû֪ȥһԪںĵӻĵȴ


1430 
ܺãⱦʵ̫ˣȻԴϢĴ͸ơڴ˴ǾȻһ飡
а
ʱѾܳˣһ͵͵ȥȽϺã
аЦȻϢʹ͸ǡɱ󡯣͸һ˲䣬컪۾ͻȻһ֮ȷټ
Ǻǣ
΢΢һЦΧĿɿڴΪ֪ղںδ
ɱ
ŷѩͻȻҲһˡ
ɱ
ֻǶݵһ㶣Ȼͬʱȵ
ǰˣ
΢΢һЦһ仰˵ͬʱһ
ಣ
˲ˡѪʵ˲ﵽһ壬һХ˻ʧڿУȻһƬɫâȴ˵ҫ
˷׷׵ɴ۾˵ս֮ãʱʤĹؼڡ
ǵɫâҫ֮ʱҲ߾ȫַֻĽǽɫâ֮ǰȴԵ˵С
ǿһ
˲䱬Ľնκһˣ෴⽣ն֮Ŀյ֮С
ΪĿֻ󣬶ɱ֮κһˡ
¡
һεĺ¡Ⱥɽɽ޴ڵɽ徹Ȼҡ
ˣ
ƷӼͬʱȵ
һԪδսĺĵӣʱ׷׵չγķ˲ƣΪһγɵ̫ˣܲ϶ᱻǿĽ
ɱ󡯾ͬһȻ¡͵Ĳ
󷨵ֻ˺̵ܶʱ䣬컪æȵǿҪˣ
һ춯صıըɱȫըѿǿֲγɵıըֱӽ˵ըɳȥ
ǰյ컪ѣ˻޷ʱΪ֮У󷨽ģδƵ󷨷
ƣ˷ɣ
𾪵ǣɽͷҲըγɵǿƽˡ
зɳʯ֮ãȵ䶨˲ŷոţϵıʮֵƽƺԵȻڹ۲ΧһС
󷨱ʱǽ߾ȫսܵķЧʮֵء
ʱһ߳ѾȾˣ屻ըһɽ֮У֮ȻľϸѪ
÷ͷѩѾʧɫ԰ֽһ˫۾ҲƺЩˣڴ˴εսУһȱըѣиǲʵǿ˵ز
峾˵ƷģֻģȴʮǱһ˲ȫͷȴѾƽˡ
峾ޱƣһǷģǰɷҲС
֮Уصķǰ컪ŷѩ
컪忴˿˿ڣȻԪ֮ȴ˷ǳصķɣҲ൱صˣֻǲ¶ڱˡ
˵սУ컪ǾԵܵѹҲġ
˿󷨱ƵʱȴȻ컪ȴܣ˵ƿܻء
֮УŷѩصģԪ֮ˣһʧȥ˶ȣٵĻӰŷѩΪǶڸ޷ȫָ
һһȥкΪԼҲû뵽Ƶɱ󡯺Ч
Ѿ䶨һԪڵĺĵӷ׷׶˵ˣвߡ
λ˼Ĳ֪øλ֮أ֪ǾԲġ
˱ȭ¶Ǹ֮ɫ
ͬʱЦ˵㲻ڣֻ⡮ɱ󡯱ǱȽ󷨣󷨽˵ʵӣһÿ˶Աǿ󼸱ѹʮֲֿķǻˣǾûˡ
˵ǣѾˣڸղŹһˣ˵³Ϊңܻ˱ɱ
˲δ̻ش𣬶ͬʱԭȻ˿У˺ܿصԭеλá
ʦʦ飬ҵҲѾɱʦʵˣҵ˸ʰ·磡
ͬʱ˵ǹ֮ɫ
λˣ
ѾܳƺʦʦˣΪǰʵ۱ֵһԪڣΪ˵ʦˡ
Ӵ˿ʼѾϷӵı֣һԪʱЩĵһ
ȫˣʱȴǿȥһҲûУҲѾﵽ۷״̬ûܵղսĶӰ졣
ս˵ĽǣʤӴڿʼ½һеһλ
ʱûЦΪһԪڵĵӣԼܲʱףɣ˵˿Ρ
վǰһλ޲ϷҲѡ


1431 
СӣղҪսʦģڣҪս𣿡
Ϸƺеս⣬Ȼʼӡ
ϷһսӶһѩǰܣʱƣвɰЦ
ʦ壬սҵĽֻһǾܣҿʦܶˣȻʦҪȡ裬ҾΪѰɣ
ͻȻЦЦϷҲоΪΪʮֵأʱôͻȻôأ
ŶҪսһԪڵĺĵ˷ޱȣΪսֹټǺ֮
ڶѾսʱͻȻЦ˵ʦҲҪս㣡
˷׷ЦˣҲЦ˼룬˵սʦǾȴɣô
ûشϷӱ㲻ˣΪӵĻԱ˵Լʵӡ
ߣƾʲôأҪϷ˵ս㣬ǿԴ㣬ʸսϷ򰡣
Ϸӵ˵
㲻ҵĶ֣Ȼȴ㣡˵ʦҵͽܣûҪôսʦԣʦѡĿꡣ
ӸԸǰ֣ΪѾ֪ʦ廹ЩϸĵϸҲǸǳõİ취
ʵϷӵĵϸϷӺγӵĵϸأ
ʱͲԸսԸϣսԷ
СӣǲˣĿǰԣʦ廹һԪڵһλģҪսϷǾȱս㣬ĹأԣսϷ򡣡
Ϸԡ
һһ㶵ģֻǾϷӶҲʮȤƺս
ϷӣˣҵͽܣҪս˭ս˭𣿡
Ц
Ȼˣ
ϵĻش
ϷӲ˵ʦͽϵʲôɵֵ֮֮Ĵ磬ҵСܡҪսӣԸ𣿡
˵ĻСԸ⣡
ͷشҲɵˡ
ͬʱȴǵ¶һĨصЦʱͻȻҲЦĪ⡣
ȻλսԷ磬ͬʱսλԶλҲƽһ㡣
˵Լľ
ͬʱսϷӣʦҲ̫ˡ
峾˲ŵ˵
ٺ٣ʦ̫СϷӵʵˡ
컪ֱԲѾ¶˿ϷЦ⡣
ҪսͬʱսǶˣûκʤ㡣
ϷϵıͻȻʮİ
ʦĪҪϣȻսǶˣǾһ԰ɣ
΢Ц˵еЦҲЩɡ
ĪǣǶ˵츳һҪǿӦòڰɣ
а̾ԴӳΪӵͽܺ󣬾ʹûĿʵڣҲоʮֵĸĪ⡣
ɣսɣ
һеսѾ˱ԳϿգһΣ˿⣬˿ռƿơ
ಣ
ϷӵһҲͬʱǰ
˽վڿУǿԤ⵽һսࡣ
ʤˣһԪڵһˣҲԳƵϾݵһˣ
ӵȻ˵ȻЦӨȻ
ѡ̫ˣӦͬʱսʦܿ죬֪ʲôĴ󡣡
ϷȻ˵ͻȻһɫĳⳤģžͬһͨջϷеĹӣƽ֮
ƺһɣжһͨɫķɽɽҲͨȻȴᵽзɽ
ʤǣҾǾݵһˣ
гŶ˵Ҳ¶֮ɫݵһ˵ĳƺſʱ־ڱص֮
ʦϷ֣Ҳڲ֮أ
аһš
䶨ˣ
Ц˵˵ŽǿЧ
Ϊ֮һǲӵĻ
տƾʵ˵ɣʦ
˵ѸٵʹѪϵ
չԼĪʮ츳֮ʱϷȴûиоһ㣬Ҳͬʱɢƥơ
츳Ȼ֮ϣ
ޱȣԭ˲׾ˣʵԼԲ嶯ͬʱսˡ
ʦһ
΢΢Цལն⽣ƺγκƣȻһ綼ûд
һͬ̽ȴ˲ܵ˾޴ѹ
ǽȻѾλˣôĽΪҲѰ쵽
ʦĽ̫ǿˡ
̾ͬʱҲնһ
һӵĽƣȴ΢ͬһնҲ¶֮ɫ


1432 
ʦͽˣ츳֮һ֮±໥壬˵ĽڿײǿֲƲͻȻֳ
ã
Ϸ鲻ԽĽкãΪ֪νԼҲרоννҪǿࡣ
Ȼνȴ˲ģ³ģƾһ㣬Ϸӱǻϲӡ
Ȼ˲ģµĽһȻӳ˱¸ΪǿĽ
¡ͻȻڿг֣һ֮£˵ĸ֡
΢΢һЦȻԭزеķɽѾջأƮݡ
Ȼȴһ֮³˴ƴȫȴӵĽűʵĲࡣ
ڿб˲䣬Ѿ֪ӵʵԼ
ʦ̫ˣһ񻰣
屻֮ʱ鲻Խ
һ֮£ȻǿˣȷʱĽҪǿ١
ڿб˰֮⣬ؿϵĽս׸Ǳֱնըѿ
ͣ
ֻ޾Ľѹؿڳ֣̲סͷѪһѪӿ
ʱѾȫˣ֮УҲΪϣսӣǾ󲿷˻Ǿӵʵʤһ
ȻɵĻʤ˶û󵽵ģΪˣ˲Ż𾪵Ըӡ
ֻһ֮ѾɳȥϷҲ۾аӵʵ
ʦ
һڿסΣǹŽɫѪɫ΢΢ԵЩҰס
Ҫսʦʦ㣬ǻʲôʸʦأ
صһЦûгû
ֻϢʱ䣬ڵǳ֮ѾѸٵ޸ϵƣǽսѾѳС飬Ȼڿըѳһۡ
ս׳׻ˣ
Դ˵ۣΪķѾԶԶĳ˽ս׵ķ
ʦһƭң㻹δң
ϸֳŹֵЦ⣬ս֮ǰѾ뵽ԡ
ʵĳ֣ûʵȻҲͬʵĸ֣Ͳȫ֪ʵ
ǺǣսĿɲʦһˣʦأڣʦˡ
΢΢һЦϷӡ
ɣǾԲᱻ״ܵģ
ȻһЦӿһֳ֡ն콣ǰȥֱɵǰλá
սѾˣСӵʵϷ򰡣ϷҪǳ֣Ҫķˣ
ϷӲĬ˵оѾӼŨŨս⡣
ôҲ̫Сˡ
ٺһЦƬͻȻ俪ʼ˾˵ı仯
Ƭ
аʱ֪ͽԶԶԼĻҪء
ϷҲų֣ǵɴ۾ǰһĻ󣬲Ӷĵۿ
Сӣһֿ˼ƬǺηȻԻס
Ϸ𾪵
ƬֻҵƤѣ
ٺЦϵƬͻȻʼʮȵ崹ֱҲ˵ϵĽɫƬͻȻγһȦۼס
Ƭ֮澹Ȼ¶һɫƬȥķΪǿ
α壬ʵҲڳ屾岻ϵĽֻһнеġ
ԭҲδ뵽һ㣬ڽսױһ뵽ƬɸΪǿķ뷨һ֣չ顣
ĽɫƬȡսףһ޴ĸĽԿķ
ɫѪҺɫƬСӣ㵽ߣߣҲԻˣһۼ㣬Ϊߣֻ֮ߣڻ濴ʲôˣ
Ϸɻʵ
ϷʳҲͷֹϷӣҲ㲻һˣ
ߣҲߣ
ЦŻش˷׷
ʲôף
𾪵ЩƬı仯ЩɫƬĽǶͬʱ仯γ˲ֹһսףս׾ͬһսס
΢΢һЦ֪ϵսѾϣս׿ȫԼģսһƽĵطս׵ķ
ʦǡսס
ٺЦڵѾȫָˣղΪսγɵķҲΡ
սף⣬ֲ
Ц
ֹ൱Ĳ֪ܲܵסϷĹأ
ϷӹЦеĺɫѾڿתһӰ
ٺ٣У
һ˹Ȼ˫սȻ͵նϷӡ
һͷţʱ˾춯صƣǿֲĽҪϷ˺Ϊ顣


1433 
Ϸ΢΢ɫȻеĺɫӭĹ
¡
ͬʱˣΪͬʱĹǱըǰǿ󣬾Ҳɺʮɡ
ôô
һαɳȥѾ֪ϷӵʵԲ֮¡
˽ǺˣһǱˣһˣȫһ
սףʱҲһǳĺۼҲ۵ĵ
䲻
ЦеʵЩսбŰ
䣬ôأðɣְɣˣǲģ
ҧ˵ǻ۵ĹâƺѾµľ

˵䣬ѾʧڿУͬʱʧȥټ
ϵĶؼȴһ߿յģǴϵԪ֮壬ֻҲ޷ǿ
ӳ
аʱʹӳʵƽһҲӵһսʵ
ŵĶιУ˻ɻɣΪʱҲûھԵʵơ
˷ʩչˡ߱һƣȻʹӳʵǳɱӡ
״̬£ܹʹʦνǲԣ˲䱬ǿĽöԷʤ
аǱӷʹνʱ
˼ʱȴϷΪ˾ȻҲ޷̽鵽λãһʮε⡣
˵˶̽λãǸ޷жķ
ǣֻս֮ϣϷͬʱţսǵѾʧӰ١
ʦȥˣ
˵жĸоĳݵı仯
ãġǵʦԶģԲʧưɣʦǾҲһԴǵʦ
һЦ˵ʵѾ˾֮С
ʦǸ꣬ҵүѽ
ɶʵЩɣľϣսʤλʦ档
һԪĵҲ໥һԪһŵɣ˵ǿۡ
ʦѾڲ֮أ
컪ˣɢһ˿صЦ⡣
˵УϷȴͬʱ¶ЦΪ˵ƾʶ̽飬Ȼ޷̽ȷλá
ȴӵǿĸ֪ܹģжϳڵķ
ʦ׽ԲҲûãʦƵ
ڿ˵ϵѾָԭеƽ
ʦ˵б¾ץҰɣҿǵ˺ܾˣ
ͻȻ˷˺жλá
ȻȴѾַΧѸ߰ˣ
ʦˣ
ͻȻһЦ͵ʧڴ֮һɫĲӰͬʱ˷
ʦÿٶȣ
ԶԶĴӵİɫӰѸٵӣﵽ˰ٵϵΡ
㲻ģǳһսɣ
ӵҲ˷ȵסʱǿеİɫӰȻƶ
֪ӵѾ֮⣬ǰɫӰʱ̸ıλãȴǵɫӰɸԼ
ͬʱռİɫӰѾȫʧˣֻʣһĸ
ϢһնǵɫӰն֮ͻȻɫӰȻ
ɫӰֻһӰĽ͸˰ɫӰɫӰȻ
ʹǰɫӰȴ޷ɫӰ
ΪķѾֳЧڶʱʧ
ʦûЧģʦһַҲ׷ı塣
Ц˵ƾǵɫӰӰΣѾˡ
ʦ
˵ԶԸȻҲûа취Ըǡ
ʲôֶΣʹɣʦˣ
ӰȻ˵ǿݵҲΪ֮̾
ʦز¶
ɿЦԼղŻЩˣΪʦһˣԼʵҲδؿԴ
Ƕ֣Ѿо˾޴ѹα֮޷ܶˣǾֻʹ屾սʤˡ
Թ׼аɣ
ϵЦͻȻʧˣȡ֮ɫ˫ɢĹâ
һ˲䣬ӱһٴеģȻνһо
СԴˣϷҲֵܱ̫ˣ׼ӭսɣ
ϷϵЦҲʧԭ˵ҲͻȻʧʱȥΪĪ⡣


1434 
ͬʱȻԶԣȻȥ¶׺͵Ц⣬ȥˡ
鲢ܴʲôΪֻһѣʵͬʱء
һȻЦ棬ʵȴڽ
У
ӻǺȳΪԼͽܡ
һνϢնνȻ˽֮ͬʹνӭսӡ
˵ĹϢ˲ɣνͻȻӴ͵ıǿơ
ʹˡӳսѾǿ˽һλʹںϻ潣
һ˾Ǹһɣλδ֮ʱϷӵνѾȻ
Ϸӷ˲䣬δ죬ܵһǿĽϮʱϷӵĳ֡
ߣ
һеķɽڿ˲תӭУϷӽ֮ʣӵ͵һһ
һжʱֻ̣öԷĹͬˮһ㣬ƺֹԷϵĬ̶ҲӦ
Ѿαºޱɽ֮ϵĽѾﵽһȫµĶ壬ǻ潣Ѿȫ롣
ˣһжĺˣǶԷǿʵ򷢶ĬܼĹơ
һһҲռ˿Ϸ磬ʱӦԶ˵ĹʱһֵԷΪѰŰ
һɻոշһ֮ϷӵĹ
һǳԿľأոչһĻᶼûбҪڶˣڶҲ½ơ
ϷӵҪúܶ࣬һ֮㹻ʱڶҲγɸΪǿѹ
˲ʮУαѾ˳˰֮ңΪڶ˵£ѾԱơ
Ϸӽ۸ڶĸ֣˷֣Ȼ׼ƣȻ󵥵ֶֹαƣӦ
ÿһȫΪҲоڡ
ѹˣڵٶҲȶԷκһҪ١
һжѹƣڶԷһҪԷ˵ĽںϣѾȫ·
ӵʽƮݶѣÿһȥԵ磬Ϸӵʽ䶾ڵĹӾȻҲն˵Ľơ
Уȥȫսӳ֧źܾãսҲûκơ
аʱٲıսǾѾöԷڲ֮ء
Ϸڴʱͬ߾ȷɱ˻ٶȣȣʱǡôܸлɳˡ
δھУɵֵԷ˵ĽҲԵ÷ǳ
ǵ״ﵽʲô츳ҾȻȫȥһܣ
пЦû뵽ԼڶԷ˵ֹֻз֮ûз֮
ʱϷӵĹƲһΰԽֱӻɺԶڶ˴ʱĹ£սˣڵĸԶԶĳˡ
Сӣ֣ʤ֮䰡
ϷͻȻ̾ǹһģԴ˸Ļᡣ
ǰ۸ҵͽܣƺܲã磬һսɣ
Ȼ˵ͻȻֹͣѹû˺üڿ
̫ˣݵսʱ䵼ȸղսʤֻҪķ
̾һΪʦϷӸԸԼսȥΪΪԼܾѶ
㻹ʲôûУ㻹ǹһʱսʦɣ
ӻ˵һ̬Ҳ޷ζĹ֮⡣
ǵģ٣һԪڣϷС⣬û˻Ķ֣Ҳ֪ˣʮ꣬һΪһԪڵһ֡
ϷҲ
֮٣ȴһεķ̡
һû䣡Ǻα˿½أҪķڷҪĴңûһս֮
΢΢һЦϲ˿ŭ⣬еսⷴԷ˴̼쳣ǿ
ϷͬʱЦˣ޾սǰ壬Ҳ¡

ͻȻȵξȻڿһޱȹĹ켣š
ʱ崫֮¿Ī⣬ʱõα£ȻۿۣȴȻ˾ǰһ
ֻʶȻƵģʹ⡮޷̽鵽й켣
ѧʹαȥչ֣Ȼ˾áޡ
Ź֣ٶȱȷп죬켣˲Ƹжϣ
ӿ˵оȻ֮ɫ
Сӣа취ƽ
Ϸüëʵ
޽⣡
ӳһŻششϷҲЦĵͷ


1435 
λаɣ
֡ĺô󣬵ΪȻԶչ
һӣȫ״̬֮УϷӳûʱѾʧԭλá
ӵֵһ̷ĽȷŻҪǿԼѾ޷ռˡ
ϷڷԼĽպѾּ֮ɫչ˲֮Ӱε׷ٹ
ӵķӦԲϷ˲׷ͬʱ˲׷
ûСڶ˵Ӱΰ˲׷£ֻѡһԶӲƴģʽ
ʱ˿̣ȴҪԷӲƴԼڿƶĹ켣ö˺ص
ʦѾڲ֮ˣ׻жҴ۽磡
컪𾪵˵һ˷֮ɫѾʼ㵸Ҳǵͨ죬°ϵĺһһģڵóÿ͵Цѡ
һԪڵĺĵӣͳһķΣЩ˸ʮ㣬һһиԡ
ʵĹ۲ˣսϵĴʧȥ˲Ȥ
ʵҲֳܹòĹսΪʵľ޴࣬Ѿ˵ĴϸڣֻӰڿзš
ֹһԪڶĵҲûܿսĶߡ
Ȼ컪ʵһڵǿ󣬴ʱѾ֪ĵ˽˵
Ŵͣ۾Ҫ˵սΣΨʦܸǶˡ
ڿͬڶèèƾΧ׷½أƾӶ˵Ĺܡ
ˣڹҲչΪʵκһ˶ˣڡ£ĹκһˣһԶ˵ļл
ԼҲΪﵽ˲֮صЧȻʹáԼĪƬ̺ͻȻԼٶ𽥼Է˵ĹȴԽԽǿ
ǰɣ⡮Ȼ˺ķʹȻڲ֮ء
˼ţٶԽȥڴʱԼĹ£ǡӳȻЩΪ̡
ϷӾͬս㲻֪ƣ˵ľʮ֮ǿ󣬲δ޷˿и
ˣ
Ѿٶ˺ܶ࣬ڲ²Ƿʾ
˾ȻͬʱŻٶȣΪڷˮвɰԲˬ
ಣ
ڿǽͻȻǰ
֮
ʩչĹк
ô
˵Ѿ֪峤ϵľ֮һ
һĺϮӣ⽫ҲһΪԷʩչ̫Ϊ졣
鼱֮ʩչġ֮Ǵʩչй֮޲֮
ƾûǴϵյĴ죬ΪʵҪԶԶǿĴϣˣ⡮֮д󾪡
һʱ죬Ȼĵȫһɺ֣ڴֲ¾Ȼ޷ϷҲֹͣ׷ߡ
ϷӲδ׷⵹ǳ֮⣬Ϊ£õķأԷΪѡֹͣ
ĵˣΪõпɳ֮Ҳûߣ
һԪڵ߾ǲһȻ飡
ţȴǼΪղŵͻϮѾʦʱǱϷӵʱ
ˣʤ˺ܶ࣬ٿԼսΪ
ಣ
ֱӳϷȥѾʱϷӵ
ٴһѾӵ࣬ڴʱϷӲʶղŵС
һǡ֮ѡʩչͬӣһδƣ
ΨпЦҲ֪ӺδѧĹŹֱҲʮ
ϷӲֻ̰ǳһҲ׷ѡӵߡ
ͬУ⡮ЧƺޣҲʦã
뵽ֿܣвɰżΪԼʹķġ֮޷ȡӦеЧǾͺñ͵ʴףֻȥ
Σ
˿ûгûӵİգǱʹɽնӵؿڡ
ʦһᱻɱģ
е뷨֤ܿˣι֮ǰɫȻ͵ıѿ
ۣ
ƵһѪڿУ廹ûü˺ӵķɽѾͻϮ
ڴͬʱϷҲǿĹڹ֮ʱϷӾȻͬʱ߶϶
ô£ͻȻ䣿
һܶ˵Ľһ˼š
ĸըѺҲܵɣԲŻѪ


1436 
ǿĽؿں˽ľ£ܵʱ䶼ûС
ն
һеķɽ͵ӭ˵Ľ
ںϣĸ֣ȫǳɱӣ
컪ɫ
ⲻ˵˶Ϸˡ
һʹܣԲӲӶ˵ֹơ
䣡
ͬʯ㳯Զȥһȴֻɳ˰ұ͵ĺһǽϡ
ѳɣ
󾪣ûüȥܣͻȻٴθܵһɿֲĽϮ
Ҫ
Ƶ˵ͻȻܵǡսסڴʱӳ˳ǿķˣҲܵϢ֮
ãûܹôصˣԷ˵ĽϼҪﵽʵƣԼΪĵԶԶȶԷ˴һαֻӲӶԷĹ
ѾˣѾ˽ƣխĿռУٺҲ·ӡ
Ӵһ˿ԾЦ⡣
Լͬɳ㱻˸أײνϺ󣬾Ȼ˾ҵʹڶԷ˵ֽ¡
Ϸٴֹͣ˽ʱٴʩչֻʹȴΪռԽСֻСΧʹá
·ӣ
ϷҲһƺΪӦ֤˵ĻʹáʱȻٴײΧĽǽڡ
һսԽԽˣ
Хһ֪ԷԼΪʱδûԼ
Ӳ̫ԣϾˮҪ̫ˣһ𣬶Ҳںĵ˵ġ
ΪһԪڵһ֮Ҳϣ˾Լƽֻƫһˡ
㻹ʲô𣿿ʹʦʶһ£
Цʵ
ϷʱʱȴǹˣʱҲӰϧͽܣԵĸᴭϢ
ʦʮָл㣬ҲҪǫãʲôʽʹðɣҲ£
ЩƵ˵˵꣬ǿĽ̳ԼϮ
ͻȻϮѾʧȥ˵ֵ֮͵ٻڻõطڱԷʧԭء
ʧٰʦξͿҳ٣
Ц˵һֻͻȻԼĶͷİȥ˫۽գſֻʱĶͷѾһֻɫ۾
һƬ֮ѾӶõĽгȫõǼɵ״ķ
˷ھ֮Ѿȡ˸ȫµ֣Ϊ졯
⡮졯ԵһЧκνƣһ߶ʮҪ
ͬղŵΣûС졯Ҫô䣬Ҫôʩչ屾壬ȴһѡǾʱҽơ
һΣһԪںĵڵɽ֮⣬ӿҲֻܶġЧܿ㷢ȫ뿪˽֮С
Ϣ뿪ƣӸ޷ôģѱΧɷΧںӺȻԼҪࡣ
ϷӵԭأʶѾΧѸٵӳȥȻһʱ̽Ϸȴһ
Ϸ¶һĨЦʱŷֲԼȷʵѾ뿪˴˵ء
˵һսǲ𣬱սȴʧӰ١
Ȼδ䣬ֻʱʧˣԣ˸޴ⳡԵʤ
һԻʤıԣһԪںĵӷ׷ײ²ȥ
۷׷ףеΪˮô˲ʧȥټأ
ϷӿЦȻڿĵȴķء
ʱһһȥԼĪһʱڻָڵȫЦųһԪ֮ȥ
ǰ󣬶ĵδȫָսʱҲ޻ʤİա
ʱٴʹˡӳȻŬĽ츳ӵαһ״̬
һιӱϷͬʱܵľ޴仯
СӾȻȫָڵʵǲ츳֮õԶԶˡ
ΪڿԴΪͬΪ츳ߣʱɱҪʮϣӵ츳ڶʮʱУӵʵֻȥ
ľƺղŵսȫͬˣΪڵıȻȡȫĽ̬ơ
ͬһжʱ˵ĸо˿Ƶһ˫ʵ˳Ѿʶ˶Էֵǿ
ĹΪ˴Ҷ˵ĬϣҪ˶Է˵Ĭѹ󽵣һһս𲻴


1437 
ĬϣϷҲаΪ˿׼˶˵㡣
ϧڵһ͹ףѹ˶ԷƬ̺ڵѾЩķ񹥻
ҪϷӵ̸֣ף
֮ԱĬʵҲǶΪˮԵʣԶ˵ʵôܻᱻռأ
ֻƬ̣Ȼܵ˶˵Ϭһ˲䣬˵Ľڿںϳһ̱Ľնɰ֮Զ
ֻһ㣬˱γ˶ľʵƣˣҪսʤ˼ֱϼѡ
ڻδ׷εǫҲʮֵ
䣡
ҲܶԣʵռƣԷʱʱˮ£Ĳ˼ʹ屾ܶˡ
Ҵʱʹ屾壬ȻսʤǣҲߵȡʤģʵʤ֮䣡
뵽Ѿ֪ԼһԼҲʮֲĵ顣
ѵʧʦ֪ҪǼʧ٣ȻʦϷʦ嶼ܸ㣡ȻҲҪķʮսʤǶˣ
ӺٺЦ
ǰ޿κΣҲ޿κΡ磬һսƽ֣Σ
ϷӹЦ仰ȴ˵
ӵʵìܣȲϣڱ㱻ܣȴֵսܺӰδϷӵ»
ʦãʦҲд뷨ﳤʱȥҲûʲô˼
ͬ˵
һԪںĵӷ׷׵ͷҲսƽ֮ơ
ֻȴΪھһȴȫ鲻ͬľ
ʦðοˣһΣսʧܣ䣡
ƽ˵ȴǾ˾޴ѹ
һֱδս򲻹ҲԲ䣬һǹ䣬ҲǸ޴ս
ӵ΢΢һϵЦ˲ˣһ˫۾ϸ㿴һ֮ǲŸһĨЦ⡣
Ϊʦ䣡䣬ΪʦҲȻΪĺܺã޳ʤΪӢ۱ɫΪһԪ츳ĺĵӣѾʦҲ޷飡ʦԵ㣡
ӻ˵˵ⷬϵıҲЩݡ
ʦ˵Ķԣͬƽ֣䣬ڳʵ⣬Ϊˣ
ϷҲЦ˵ĿΪͣ
ˣ
΢һȭɢһ˵ķȣһԪںĵҲѡ
ʦ壡˵Ҫս㣬Ըӭս𣿡
ӱȭ˵͸ࡣ
˰ɣʦͻȻˣʦһζɽʧܣⱲע޷Ӯʲô˼һԪڵ縡ƣ縡ư
ϷӴЦһЦȴ˿˵ĸоȴͬ󳹴һ㡣
ᣬŵʦ壬֪ʦ񲣬ʱ񲣬ʱѣֻѵʱҲ̫˰ɣ
ʦ壡һԪںĵУҲʦͽ˵츳Ϊǿ󣬾ʦ㣬գҲĶ֣ͬһ첻Ķ֣δĶ֣ȻֱʧܵʦĵӶ磡սʦ䣬ʳԣܣ
ϷӴʱ˵ĻһԪںĵӶ𾪲ѣѾ˵
ʦ壡Զӵʦ壡
ֻ˵ⷬϷ򷢳һЦǿЦǡô鲨
˴һԪںĵӵʱλеһʦڶе˵ĴУ
Ϸƺȫˣоâžޱȵǡ
֮ӿʼΪ˴εħս׼һս¹һԪݵİΣԷǳĹؼ
ΪһԪڵʱȻҪһԪڵĵΪս
ԭ׼֮λģΪεս䣬ǣӰס˴λ뷨ΪֻҪȥһԪڵ֮λġ
˷׷ɢȥֻʣӣϷԼĶͽڳ
Ϊˣʦ֪ʵ㻹ǿֶûó߱壬ʵԱ𣿡
΢Цʵ
߱壡
Ϸ鲻Խ̾˫ҫŽâƺҪĵϸ
ʦ壬ͽߵĿԷǳԣʦĪҪΪղʵòģʵӦӶѣ
ӻ˼˷˵ҲЩ𾪡
Сӣʦ˵ԭ㻹һߣ˵ôЩֵֹģ˼


1438 
ϷӺ׷ʵϸƺ뿴Щߡ
ܰɣʦҼǵߣ֮ӣôֻأݣγǣׯׯġ
𾪵˵ΪΪԼΪʦ˲ٲ·ɽԽĴ̽ĳ
ɵˣôҲ벻ߣôôߡ
˽Զ治ѣҲ¶ɬЦ⡣
ʦ˵еӦһߣΪ߱壡˵Ҳԣҵĵȷȷׯׯ֮ˣĸҲׯ֮ˣ
ԳЦ˵ȴ˸оʮֵìܡ
˵ܣҲ˵ԼϱͻȻѣȻ飬ܣκ˵
ߣ
ϷЦݹŹֵʵ
ǵģԣҾԼߣߣȻƫԼߡ
ʵش
˾̾ѣֲ֪ߣʦҲʦϲڸղʹ壬ʵǱѡʹҵķܶ࣬ʦ֣Ҳûһɵʤ㡣
ӸղŵĻǫ˵ʱ˵ԼϷҲһʤ㣬Щš
Сӣ˵ĹģʦҲûһʤ㣬⻰Ҳ˵Դ˰ɣҪףʦղŶûȫʩչͰˡ
ϷӲ˵
ǺǣžˣûҪ˵ѣ
΢΢Ц
ʦ
񵱼Ԯжĳݿɲһ㣬ӵĳҪǿ̫ˡ
Ҳʦ֮ԣ
ֻԥ˲䣬̽ӻҲʮ
ʦ壬ĻŵΪãҲʹʦʤ㶼ûС
вȴ˵Ϊʩչ壬֪Ǳ֮
˽ţϷԽǱ㿪ڵʵʤ۱磡ʹ壬һսΣ
û뵽ϷӵıԾȻͬСһ㣬ֻ߸˵ʮִš
ǲײĲᣬȻŰҾͲˣ
ЦϷԽֻһԴ֮ԡ
ǻʱ䣡ȻҪսǾ͸ɣȥһܵطս
ЦŴͨȥһط
ĹâʧѾڴϿգĺ֮ϣһâ˱Ѿ˴˴
˵ط󣬿еĴҲʧаԳ棬ϾδȷʵȽϸ߼ҲֻһԪڲŻȾ˵Ĵ
²ڴ˴ʱһһӶ˶վࡣ
ĵӣȻҲһһԪںĵӺúܶࡣ
ܶ˵ʵԺȴлĦȼս
ĹսԶ˵ŴٽãǸһֳɵĿ꣬Ӷ˵
ף
Щ𾪣ͻȻִ˵ЩϤƺǰƵġ
ȥִޱ޼ʵĴ󺣣ӿڲԶȴһڴ֮ϡ
֮⣬̽£ԶֳһԸĵ죬⵺״ͻȻʲôǵϾķΡ
ʲôԾ𣿡
ʵ
ʦǺδ
ʵԱȷǲԼĵط
Ƕֱͨӵޱ޼ʵĺУвٵ죬Щϻ棡
ӽ͵ڿ϶˴˴
ûģݴ½Զĺӳ֮Ϊⶫ֮ϣǵ֮Ҳ֮ˡ
ܺã֪ʦΪѡ񵽴˴һսأѵ˺Χϵ𣿡
Цʵ
ӰһۣŻڵ֮أ֮⣬֮ˣҵڴսĿıΪ˾ף˾֮ˣ㱻ˣҲֻܹǵãÿݴ½ܱߵĺ򡣡
ʦ˵ǣ
аϲû뵽ӶԴЩ̬Լ̬ȼΪơ
˽Ե͸ˮ֮ϣһʵӣ˽µĺͻȻ˱仯
䣡
һˮ͵ĳˮ֮ʱһͷ͵Խˮ棬ȻſѪڳȥ
ͷ׼ˣʱͻȻϮΪ˶ȻӲԼѪ޿ڡ
ˮˮ֮ߣȻˮȴ޷ˣ˵ʵССܴܵġ
ˮһεϵסˣͷҲһʱȴֱһεĽƵסˡ
𣡡
ŭһĵٴˮǿˮˣȻȴͬʱ¶Ц⣬ˮ޷ƽˡ
ʲôˣȻں֮ϣ


1439 
ľ޴ͻȻ仯˶ӣһģಲ¶ҵļ⣬һĶˡ

ֻƳһͷȻ´
ԭѾʮǿˣɱ¾СûʲôȤģͻȻչϮѾ̵ĵߡ
ңֱڻһ׺ݵģ׹䣬˵ĿҲʮֲơ
õģʦ
شͻȻ¶һĨǳЦ
ƺЩ͵ĳˮжȥû
ӣ
һһѾϿգȴֻǸճץȥҲ޷뺣˿ĳϿշȥ
ʱԼǵˣд󾪣
һЦѾҵľ룬޷ǹ
ɣС飬ɣ
ѾղŵͣʱͰ͵ģֻԲΥ
֪ʱαص׼ɣ
˵Ѿ¶ŨŨɱ⡣
ţҪɱңһ⵽ģĸɶӡ
ͻȻڴˮв޵ע⣬ȴû˭ڴʱͷ
ҹ˭ĸɶӣʦҪɱ㣬͵
ٺЦͻȻһɫĽâ޷ܣھֵĽбɽɱ塣
ĸɶӣ˼ҵҪǺηʥ
΢Ц˵Щڴе
ɣСԪ֮ɣС飬Ҳҵˣ
Ԫ֮ɪɪ˵ǲܣһܱԷɱ
ʦ˼أɱǷţ
񹧾ʾ
к֮£Ԫ֮ɣ
ѹ˵ǣлŶˮС
㻹˵ʴȣײ壬绹ǾĺãҵʵǾԲŹҵȵԪ֮塣
ϷЦЦ˵еǰԾʴȡ
ʴȱǰʣϷӿʴǱʣԵʴȱǶԼ̡
ʦ壬Ĳûд˴ˣ
Ϊ
ϷӺһȴûм˵ҲЦˣ˵Լʴȣȴ׼ȷݴʡ
ʱ̽ɱ£ǴʵʱմȾѪأ
ֻǻıģھʧȥԭеıɱ
磬㲻ҪҵһսǷڴ˵أ
ЦŲ
Ҫʦˣ
Ϸӡ
ڴ˵ذɣɱˣ
Ц
˷׷óλãϷӶһսüޡ
΢΢һЦ͵ı仯ߣ⵹˿һһ㶵ġ
֮壿
Ϸ˵ܿеĺɫΪԷʵȻǰǿ˲١
У
һξȻֱӳϷӳȥ
ڱ̬ʱٶȱαʱҪ࣬ʱɽûʹãڳȥһ˲幥Է
һβӴ屾͵ĳϷϯȥʽȫϷӵ֮⡣
ȻϷġǡҲ̫ˣ
Ϸаûѡܣʹǡ͵һֱӴ塣
α£ӲӶԷĹʱûоȫΪ飬ӳûʹǵƾǿȥս
ǿʹڹϣһβͳȥӶԷĹ
˵սѹ޹أһϳչ˳ϵĹơ
ն
Ϸŭԡǡնİ֮壬ҲڴʱҲݺݵĳϷӳ齫ȥ
䣡
˵ľһγʮֺ˵ƣһ֮£Ϸӱо弸ԷˣԼġǡҲͬʱܵһǿķ֮
˻
鲻ԽķԷ֮۵򵹳
ϷӵȴǱ˽ǧ֮ңһѪӿվʱѾѪ
壡
ϷӾ̾жı֮Ѿʮּɵ
Ѫ
аȣȴԼڰ֮Ŀʹ
ԭɫİ֮壬ʱһȦ⻹ԶԶûн
ӳ
μǺģԱ֮ʹӳ޷һĹȴҲԲС
ϷӵУǱ֮ͻȻ˶ɫֱۣɫġն콣ϣⷬȴǽϷסˡ
ߵ壡츳ֲ̫ˣ
ϷδսӣֻԷķǿףȻֵԼķ


1440 
ϷѾ֪Լ޶ʤ㣬ʱֻܾΪԷ
Ϸӵ뷨ԽǣԴѰսȴȻһЦ޴徹Ȼ˲ʧڿС
ɫͬڿռԾţϷαʱʩչ

ѾϳʱʩչȴǾʱչֵٶȡ
Ϊ屾屾ʩչʱٶҲαʱʩչٶȿࡣ
ֻڿҫ£ϷѾˣϷд󾪣岻ˣڡµĽ
ϷȻǵ͹ʱʵΪʩչоԼбͬˮȫϷӡ
ڷ˲֮ٶȫϷӣˣϷӼ޷׼ȷĹ޷׷ܡ
磬ˣ
ͻȻͣڿУɢϷӱѹ
ಣ
ͷͻȻ˱仯ʱѾȫ仯̬˫ʧתΪצ
ʲôߣôһ㣿
Ϸд󾪣屾˵
ֹϷӣҲһ۲գһĶα塣
ʱչαֻʵٴαеսⷴ½ࡣ
ϷӴʱʵ޷еǿս⣬ֻʹ屾壬оԼѾǵռݾƵĳ̶ȡ
ʱѡǵƾ׼ѹܶԷ
ƷӿϷʱϷֱֻ
ãѾˡ
ϷоܣȴѾЩʹȻֻƶʮɲ
ѹ
ŭһαѹͻȻһȻ㽫Ϸӵȫ֡
ܣ
ϷҲŭһʹ˾У˲ַ֮Ʊ£ϷûھԵơ
ˣȻռãǿѹϷӵˡ
޷ϷγɾԵѹ٣ԽѹȥѾӰϷӣƶٶҲȻ
ϣϷѾУƶٶȶǰʱҪܵξѡ
Ϸӵ־ҲΪᶨҧֹʹˡϷӸ޷屾塣
ֹڲ֮أʱƣӮϷӣϷӵһбֻνѡ
ѹֱӻʤϷӵǿ־£òֹ
ಣ
ιĳϷ󣬵Ϸӱܵķʱٴʧ

ϷӵĽʱѾһɽâȡϷӵԶԶײɳȥ
ˣϷӲ㱻ײԪϣΪǹʵѾϷܳܵķΧ
ڱײɵĹУϷͬʱѪͬײȫ߹ǣȻѾ޷ڿбƽȡ
ǧ֮Ϸӵͬ˾ƵģȻڿҡҡλΣȻͻȻˮ֮е䡣
ͨ
ϷӾȻ˺ˮУҲĿ࣬û뵽屾ײȻôǿ
һӢһ
Ϸֻ̾ûͬһ޷Ҫ˵ڿС
Ϸӵ˺ˮУѾԥԼҪҪȥ
ʤȻӵͽܣʵ
ͻȻЦһο顣
ʦҪҪһսأ
ͻȻٺЦ
Цˣʦ嶼ˮˣʦɲɵӣʦҲ̬ս
ӾȻ鲻ԽĺʮɣƺΨͻȻƵġ
ಣ
屾ͻȻʧȡ֮Ա壬Цӡ
ʦ£ǿЦģ
ٺЦҲɸоЩΣΪԼղžȻˡ
ʦ֪ǿЦģʦûЦӴԺʦԲս
ӺԾ˵ⷴЩ˼ˡ
ʦʦ治˰ɣô뺣ˮоûˣ
ʵ̽ϷѪ廹³֮С
ӦòڰɣʦɲǺһʵûʦɱԪ֮ô䣡
ñ
ʱҲ⣬лΪϷײأǱźȵ磬ɣװˣ
ಣ
һˮ𣬰ˮһδжݳϷӡ
ϷϵѪѾˮɾˣһǷ֮ɫȴδֺ
СӣҲ̫˰ɣıɱ簡ղűײһ£ֱ̫ʹˡ


1441 
ϷƵıԹȴһĿЦΪԼ֤ûдţԼȴ˾޴Ĵۡ
磬Ҳײһ£Ҳװɣ
Ц˵
ȥģղһ¿ɲᣬǱ̬Сӵ߱ײ󣬾ȻԵЧǲ㱻ײˡ
ϷƵ˵жʵѾɵѣϷǾԲġ
ߣǿΪ
ϷѾΪʵֵԼȥء
ʱҲʵжôǿΪʮֵԣϷҲĶ֣ôҲĶ֡
һѾԳ֮ΪݵһˣҲΪеԺޱȡ
ͱԹˣûײǿһ¡
Ц˵仰ϷӽıͣΨһΡ
Ч˵ҵ屾ԽԽˣ
аϲ
ԽħսʱѾˣڱȥɣ

ϷӵͷϽ¶ı顣
ӦȴԼڵĵطЩϤڲԶһ죬ͻȻһǱ˵ʦȻȥɣһʱ䣬ú᷵ء
ϷҲûжʣͬʱʧڴУͬС
ʦʲô𣿡
̿ʵ
˴ʥأǶɣʦ飬һ
Ļ䣬ʧԭء
öһۣȻĬĿЦ
ãôʦûأʦΪҲˣΪǿ̫ˣӦŬȡոʦΪʦΪֻᱻԽԽԶ
ԴʦֵĿ˵
У֪İĵطôӦȥưɣҪҾ뿪ˣ
ò˵ûش𣬳õѾʧԭء
ʦãȵң
ǵȴȴֻ·ĺ⵹Щ㶵ųʧټĵط
ʦãôһأ
૵ʮֲᣬɾ㲻ãȴҲֻоѡ
ʮϢѾȻ㿪ʼããѰʺ֮
ȴ˵˲֮Ѿִǵһǡ
˵ǵ죬ȴСе㣬˵а֮
ͷһǣͣʮֻֻԶԶѾЩڻţƺӭʲô
ʹſʼй۲Щˣֻһ۱֪Щ˾ȻֻһȺͨ˶ԡ
Щ˵װӦѾ֤ʵǵ֮ˣǸҲϵ֮
а˵ȻȻĸֳһЦ
ԭǼ洬Ժ⼸洬Լ˱ԣض߽õĽ
ԼĪʮͷϷн˲δע֮£ѾȺУȻĹ۲ЩЩԭʼĵϾ
ףǸ˭ô컪һ𣿡
ͷϣһĿüë˵ɺΧҲͬʱȥ
ԼȻЩߣԼȺУȴͬȺ㣬»ɲŽˡ
˭
ߵһʵѾ˵⡣
Է׷˳ɾ룬ȻΧС
˵
Ц˵ʵЩ˵ԣٿ˳ɵ˼
ҲǺޱȣΪͻȻһĪˣҲ𾪲ѡ
ҴǴӺģİˣ֮ǰǶںδأǺδ
ҲԣһȻչۡ
ߣ
һͻȻһжŸӳƽ
ԭֻʵ
ֻһ۱㿴˵ʵڵģвɰԺЦ
Ͷ
һ˴ȵеĸӸ߾ٹͷƺʾ
˵ˣǵԡ
һЦ˵
˽Χһţ׼֮ʱͻȻһȺˣΪ׵һŻҰ׺ӵߡ
һ֣Χ˷׷ϰ˼֣һĳƺ峤
˭ǶֵģϷ£
ȵ޲д󾪣
£֪Ƿķǰ
߶ʵ
߾Ȼ˵ݵԣ
ҲЩ棬ǱͷЦԣ˵ûԺһߣ
ԭй͵峤ʧԶӭԭ£
ߴЦһȻһ
ȭжЩ˵ûʲôøС


1442 
ѣ룡
һЦ⣬ȻӭһȺͷ
˵һƬʮֻ֮أһɽЩڵһǣɽһ࣬ϡϡĴŲٴӡ
ѡ峤ʱͻȻǱӡ
ⲢЩͣΪ˽⵺ϾǱ˽塣
ν壬ʵϾٻ˼Ŵ޽ľγɵĴѡ
ƺܿ˶ûкɫЩɻߵ̬Ϊر
ôᶮԣҲʸǲŸߵһªľ֮С
Ѿ׼磬Ȼֱ£һЦ·һģ
ĪǸͬ
оߵֵֹģƺԼ⣬ȻⲻΪ̫ˣѾԵʡ
ϵκα鶼޷ӹ۾۾ֳĺҲ˸ʮ֮˾š
ѣմ
ߵľһĴЦ⡣

ȻЦѾϢ¶弶ߵƣԷҲͬһ弶ߣ˵ʵ϶ǳߡ
ŶԭӣǺǣ峤վϣϷЩ⣬֪ǰ˵صأ
Цеʵ̽ĵϸ
һѾұ׼˴㣬籩һҷԼһİĵطԶһǣұץסϡ鷢̫죬ԣֻмû뵽Ű칦⴬ִ½ˣһΪǾݣȻ˰ͻȻָ˵ԣпЩأ峤ŽԲͨϰ
̾󻺻˵ݼⷬ˵ʲô
¼䣬Ź֮²Ƕһڳ˵ߣԣ𲢲ĻΪֻĽͲǡôĽͶԷܴңԶľݴ½ǰ
ԵְⶼԵ֣ӴɷģϷڴˣһᵡӵġ
ĵ˵
Ե֣Եָƨһ϶ǲģ
аΪоΧˣֻ⾮̬Ȼǿ飬ˣһ޲ɱԼƵġ
һһֻˣ˱ʵǿĶߣͬҲ弶ߡ
ƺӭң㿴ǵ񣬺ҵɱˣһ뿪
ֱ֮þаջΪԷԼֱܶ࣬Լֿɲһòı֡
ӣԵһᡣҿܶӹĳЩڣϷ㽫ӵĻ
߰סеŭֻĻˣγǿ˶ʮ𾴵ġ
һȺ׳գѵǾͲֵѺһ㣿
˵
ˣ
ͬʱӦȻһĲʣ鲻ԸЦ⣬м˵ЦֱŰĿЦҲҡҡͷ

ŭˣͻȻһˣ͵һϣһֵɲСȻ˵ڿת˺üȦ
峤㾹ȻΪһ˴ң
ǱĻ̲סҪŭ
컪侲һҪ侲峤һġ
һŮæȰϵıԵʮֵĽš
Ϊ컪ԶԻȺߵģʵҲŵǰ壬ʱѾҧгˣ·Ҫ峤һ㡣
׳գҪǾ͹䣡Ϊ˵ʵϷˣҪǲڱʵʵĴţϷĹȡ
ƺһҲ컪֮κε𾴡
̣
컪˫ȭţȴǲڴʱϾԼʵԶԶ峤ǱҲûط˻Լ
ˣ峤ѵǣ컪֪ˣ
컪ҧ˵зԽˡ
Сӣֻ֪ƢѵΪϷǸɵӣˣϷѵŹ𣿡
ķʵΪԡ
˵ͬʱЦЦɱ⣬ԭһǲġ
峤ȻҪɱֻҪˣαػҪþأǶô˷Ѱ
컪ƺϣʱƽ峤ղŵΪɻʵ
Ǹ׳գʵҲϷ֮£ϷóȻ֣һĶ֣Ǹ֣֮ϷļƲߣȥȡסھмҩǿǻֻҪˡǻǱһһܻ𣿡
ЦŽͺ컪ŵͷȥѾһصЦ⡣
˷׷΢Цв֪жٸβסαЦ⡣


1443 
ǺǣүϷѾҽˣ֪󣬾ԲὫ㵱ɵˡ
Ц˫ۡ
Ŷԭͷͦİ
ԲѷΪʱѾޱǰˡ
һ뷨ΣУϧûʵ
аЦѡ
ͷ
ظѾʮֲã
һᣬ̳ˣͬʱ򣬻мСˡ
һסеŭ⣬ЦŷԸ˸ơ
˵нװʱ΢Ц˫־ٱȻ˵һ
룬Цɱ
ʱͻȻһҽУȻ
ԭ߼ɱͬʱֱӽоƵߵͷϡ
ʵȻԲƫбĽͷϣȻ벻ġ

ʹг˲䣬ͷͻȻðһɫ̳ͷȻ˲ڻһ֣ϵƤҲѾʼð̡

ߺȻѸٵĴӿڴһźɫҩ裬ȵҩߵź˲١
˸£
ߵĶѾͬʱеҲָ
˷׷ֳΧסһȴֻΧ
ʲôǻڵʲô죬
߱ıףﻹ˿ķȣһ˫׶۾к޲ɱĹâ
ߣȥɣ
һ˻սһЦ׼˲䡣
ɱӣӿɲСأ
ٺЦһץȻץס˵󴦡
ô
꾪ԼȻ˲㱻Էץġ
΢΢һЦȻſ֣ΪʵļһǴ򶷣ⱾһЦ
ɣ
Ǹ֮»ΪǶԷ㣬ȻٴλŸͷһļһ䵶նһ塣
䣡
˵Ĺ䵽ϣȴðһ𻨣ȴǺˣмŶˡ
һ֮䣬ȣ巴ԼأͬʱʮಽȻԭء
ȸӣ䵶̣Ƕ˸û뵽ģ˲ŻĿɿڴĲ֪롣
߷ҩж֢״Ż˲٣ʱѾΪ̡
ǿ˾ӢĶʱд󾪣㱻ŵĻɢ
峤룡
һ˾ֵ˵鲻Խļ˳
˵ı죬һߺˣһ߳˱ϵ䵶Ѿ˲ԤС
ʮһͬγлŲ˵ĺ⻹ڲھۼ
ߵͷѾҲ̶ãһаѾˣкȴּɵʵʱȻЩ
ȡһ˫ӣȻʼǼСˣ˼ں󣬷⺣СҲһζ
ĻþûԺˣ
ٺЦȻȡϵľ̳һ־ſ͹һڡ
ĿɿڴаϲΪƿǻжҩģһڱʹοԷ̳أ
Ȼ漣ڴʱˣ
һھƺȴһ¶ûУȻŲˣȻȾơ
ֻԼһԼĪһӣʶԼˣԷԱԼ̽ҪǿĶࡣ
ǰ¸ղֻǰЦû뵽ǰȻԤϣȻǿޱȣ
ЦȻϵľϹʾǸ⡣
һȾƣ
΢Ц˵
ǰһ˺ȣأ
ﻹ־ƣֻˣԼл
Ǳ͵ɫ䣬Ȼһֻס͵ϣܿһ
˴ϲߣʱϲüңΪȾжˡ
ֻȴǲҿɫʾȥ
ҿ峤ѹ£Ǹս׳ŵӿ
һһСĿھͣΣȻӣȷ
аϲﻹҰԭƻֱֻӱȻ˸ɱͷơ
нޱȣŸͷھҲţ㽫Ӹ߾ڿС
ɱ
һս͵Ŀһ֮ͣǿĹ
䣡
սݺݵնĲϣֻһĽսȻٶȵ˿С

û뵽Լȫ£սȻ˷սͬʱҲսһϿյȥ
㱻֮ߣ˲䴩͸ݶȻɵ˿С
ȵʱǱһ¿ж˸߿µѹ


1444 
ɱǵ룿ôأӵжǿʵߣ
кΣӶҪɳۿȴǲ׶Էô
ǼһϣһҪɱǵĴѣ
峤
峤£ӲͷƤȻչŷǰ״࣬ʲô޷Է֮С
ǿķѵ·ǼƷ
аѾŨṴ֮̃ɫ
˻к̧һͰƣ׼Զ塣
ߣǵĵӿ󰡣ѵǲᷴ𣿡
ͻȻ˫еĹâ˷׷׺ˣû˸Կ
ˣû뵽ڴʱ˹һԼôԸأ
Ǹö˾ˣΪ󣬸ûܱƽ壬޷ٽһ
ͬ˹ƵģΡΡĳϵ䵶е䵶ֱ߶µʵ㵽ʲôˣ
֮ˣ˶ѣ
ȵһĵĹâѾԳЩ˵ӸԣȻıɱԼ
ԼֻмߵʵԼ˱ıɱĿԸߴٷ֮١
һ˲䣬ͻȻ¶ݺݵĺ峤ɱɱ˭ɱ峤н
峤ʲôʵ
˭ɱϷΪŵӣΪ峤һ̳ˣ
ҧŵһ˵з׷̰Ĺâ
Щ峤ģܹΪ峤ĹŵӺҫܳΪ峤һ̳ˣǸ顣
ɱ
˷׷׾ĺַĺ£еĵҲʱڸˡ
֮±·峤£Ѿʮ˰಻סĳ˹ȥ
˷ĹеɱҲ͵ıԭԴ˵ؾ޺øУԷʱľٶֻеɱǡ
ɱЩˣ򵥣
ǣڵˮ׼һǲ׶Եͼ߶ֵģЩֻʵ˺Ѽеɱ⡣
ʱ˿̣еɱǣҪĶ
ɱ⣬ɱ¾ΪҲĵȥɱ¾ҲӰ֮ġ

ͻȻЦǿЦ˸еʮֵܣһ׷ס˶䣬ее
һȺȫ
һǿǡôĽ֡
ֲֿ£һ׷Ŀɿڴڴʱߣȴ˫ȴ޷ߡ
񰡣ʲôʵֲ̫ˣҲֻд˵еĶ߲ưɣ
˵ͻȻ˼Ϊڵ뷨ԼıɱԷ뷨
˴ʱҩֻϧϸûҩˣֻڿ־ĵı仯
֮ʱһȺͻȻоѹһ鲻ԽĹڵأе׹ڵطһײ

˫֣ʼһǰȥÿ߳һıը
ڴʱƺΪ㣬û˿ӹֱȻнһ׷׹£Ȼڱըл
һһıըû˿⣬˴ʱҲ޷쵽Ϊ屻һεš
ߵӼҪɳۿҲû뵽Լʵĸ֣ʱ죬ȴҲֻܷһ󾪿ֵĽҪ˵ĵĻ԰쵽
ߵߵǰʱеѾˣҲɲǼǡ
ߵѪ죬ΪĿѪ꣬һɹȷڴӣ߹ʱ߾Ȼ鲻ԽĹڵء
Ҫˣ
оֵ뵽ʱȴǸ㲻
ʱһ
Ȼ˵Ȼ̤⡣
߷ԼͻȻԻˣ־£Ǳȥ
ǰǸߴıӰֻüһڴѾΪ˼󣬶ԷȴûմȾѪȣмҪˡ
֮ˣŮٽˣײ²ط뺷
ֻŴһıըȴǸ֪һ˲䷢ʲô飬峤ֺЩ˷׷һϲ
峤ղˣɱ
һͻȻȵǿѾ׼

ǸͻȻԼһεΧеĹȻʼķתļ˾Ȼ׼Լࡣ
˻Ϊʧķ裬Ȼȴ֪һᣬзĶħ


1445 
ɱң𣿡
мЦ
Ǹ׼ػͻȻоԼ־Ȼڴʱɿ˲͵Ҫˣ
ɿ˼ʸǿ֮µļʸ֮Ϊ屻ķɳ֮ԶȻ׹档
˵𺳿֪Ȼһ󲿷Ϊɱ
ħԾݵħ
鲻Խĺ֮ͬС֮͹һ㡣
ħ֣
ԵȻһЦһתߡ
ͨ
о壬˫ȷĹڵأһȫסˡ
ɱ
һ˺Ȼٵĳһߵ鼸˲
Ҫ
˿ֲĴ֮Ǻ

ĺȵ֧ʸͻȻı䷽򣬾ȻеһˣʸؿڴȻһˡ
һ˲Ĺɼͬ۾һĶ˵壬˷׷סˡ
ʮ˺˷ӦЩ˱ͻȻܡ
ಣ
ʮ־ȻһĪ½ʸ׼ˣͬʱʮ֧ɼڿԹſٵɱ¾
ҪôҪ
߹ڵϣ˫棬ۿӿ֮ԡ
ԭأͬʯӲû˿֮ͬġ
Ѱ·ѣ
а˵ٴͷȻ˲ȫˣ˸ЩԼ
ˣ
˵ߵ廹ǰ壬ͷ­ȴ壬ȻȻأǿоȻĳ֣ħ
ׯƺѾŵľȻȴûһܹĳӳ졣
Ƭ̵Ĺ峡ˣϢׯȫ֡
һлָһׯһỹǷ˼١
˵ĿľΪһ壬ĸҲΪĻ⡣
ڴ˵أɲĻ飬⵺֮˾Ȼһռݴ½вɰЦЩ
ϣЩֻѾƵˣ磬򣬾ǿһԪڣûռݣһ˵һԪڲˣȻǿ󡣡
˼ţȻգŵڲȥ
Խߵɽʱӭ澹Ȼһߣ˾Ȼסȥ·
£Ϸĵ̣Ǻηߣ
еһЦ
ǴӺߵķȻߵĻɣΪʵ˶Էء
ҴӺδ飡жԶԶ򣬺Ը
ֻ̽һֶԷֻǸԪӤڵߣúϻ
дԴĻ쵰ѵ֪ǰҪ𣿻쵰
߲Ȼŭɽնɱлϵĺš
ߣ
䣬һεĽѾԷߵȴһ顣
꣡
ߵͻȻ䱻նΪϣߵԪӤҲν֮С
ϢûӦԪӤ㱻ͬʱɱˡ
ڶ˵ĲԶʱһڿУǰɱ¾󣬲㱻ŵĵ档
˭Ȼ촨ɱˣʵֲ̫ˣ촨ԪӤڵĸ֣
̾
ȻһͻȻ

һסͣȴǷ֮Ȼˤȥ
ֻһߣö֣ΪԪӤڵʵ
ಣ
ӰʧڿУΪ⵺Ҳ֮أҲݵľŷ֮һԣѡ˲ơ
ԭ˲һʮΣյ飬Ȼո˵⵺˵ʵԼǿԲŸʹ˲֮
ʱѾԽȺɽȻִ˵ĵһ
ĸ߿ʱֻһ̽飬֮˵ϢѾա
ֻһȺ˶ѣͼ߼ˣ
и½ۣǳоȻɳˣ˴ӲͬĵطϳϿա
ǺˣΪô˵أ
һʵɢĹâ
ʼЩɻͼô̽鵽ԼĴڣʱȴԼɵѾܵͣǳ֮ڣҲԿԼ
Ŷûʲôֻ·ѣ
Ȼ˵
··˷ɵôƣ
֮˵̵
Ͳ˵˵صԣʱīɱҲشֻǼɽȻ͵һնԷ
ߣ
һ׼ӭսɵȵĽϮʱ͵ĸоսԭΪԷֻǸڵߣ˭ϵȻԷǿĽ


1446 
Ѿն콣仯״ȥżͬһͨķɽ
һ֮£߸ֵסеķɽ̱նˣǱ˲ɱ
ɱһ˺ˣǶ˴ʱ֪ʵȻǿﻹиղŵģ
û˵һȻʧڿС
Щ̫ˣȥش
ţǱʹ졯ȻκνƣԳ˲ٶȳȥ
칤ִĿĵءɽصĵϣвߵá
ʱѾһǰ䣬޽ĲߴȻǳ֮ȴ֡˼һǡ
Ǿ޴̽ңаЦֻǾһεķ̡
ҹԴѣ
վڳǰ˵
ŴߣʵȻﵽԪӤϵΪ֮Ҳȫߡ
ڳǧ֮ڣ߱Ѿ٣ͨߵٶš
磡ﲻΪ˼һǣǿǽұԺһҪ˼һǣһǵþ񡣡
һƤڵ꼤˵վһλߣʱԷһЦ٣Ϊ˼㣡ʮܹ꣬ﵽ𵤳ڵΪѾǼһˡ統ʮŴﵽ𵤳ڵΪҪŬˣֻдﵽԪӤڵΪܹ˼һǡ
ģһŬģΪܹµһǣһƴŬ
꼤˵
һԳɹģ
ҲЩļȻ̧ͷһ϶Ȼǰĳ
ڵ˼һˣӻҪĤˣ
һģͻȻĺȻͨһڵأÿǰһɱҪĤһΣɫ֮ׯ¡
ڳſͣ˶ݵʱ䣬㷢Щƣƺǵǿ߾ۼ֮أ߿
һվԭأϸŵЦ⣬Ǻܲмǳ֡˼һǡ
ҵҪ⡮˼һǡƾʲôȡ֣
Ц˵
ո˵꣬ΧͻȻȫΪԵ˵ڲͬ
磬˵ʲôôһҲ
Ǹʵ
Ҳ֪ҲǴƫƧĵطİɣǵҲΪ氡
˻ش
˾֮ʱͻȻһ߶̾˵Ǿ֮
˻һ˷׷ŭҲ˼ȵķŭ֮ɫ
ŭŭȴ֮ͬһ־롣
ʱѾ˴֪ͨǶҲŵˣһĶ
ڰɣһݵԱЩ˷裬ѵʲô飿
а
ץס
һѾ
ȻǳȴֻߺȣԼȴǹ
磬ץסɣкܸߵĽģҲǿ˵õ
ԾԾԣȴ˺ֹˣߣǿ뿪ҲֻǸնи
˼ɵ˵Ȼɷ˵סŵķС
ѡ˻رܣƺڶһҲЩ˼⡣
ǰɣֻ¶ڵΪЩ˵ΪҿҪǿôͷ׷أǶΪҲΪʲô鷳أ
пɻأȻһʱ֮ҲЩͷԡ
ΧٶʧӰ٣ŴĶҲޱȵ˻س֮У˼һǵĳžȻΪĵرˡ
ĪЩ˿̽ҵΪǣӦǲܵ飡
ɻޱȣԭǳţǳ֮ӰζЩ˵г˾֮ɫ
ûиֻǳէЩ˾ͬè̫ˡ
ɻҡҡͷ׼ŴǰʱͻȻһŭ
ľߣб±ӣ
һӰ˲֮Ƴ˹˵ʵЩȣȻﵽɺڵΪ
󣬻һȺѸٸЩ˵ʵɱس֮Ҫ߳
û˵ֻǰתȻ㷢Ⱥڵߡ
ԷһʮˣΪҲﵽ˵ɳڵʵѾȤˣԼǰǿߡ
ԭֻһСɫϾţȥץס
쳤֮Цһ£̱һŮӦŵ
ţΪʲôҪץң
һԼǸյЩ˱ҪץԼƺ̫ˣųҲܸиڰɣ
ЩǰݣǲǣҲһɱԼյ⣬£ȴûüԷҪץԼԼ֪ܵʲôԭɣ


1447 
һ㶣ȻǿĻʱоȻһʣʵϢȻһϤĸо
ֻһ̽飬ΪԷеʣԼȻޱʶ
ǰɣôǰ治֪Сȥ˺δ
ȫﵽǿľʱҲǱ̽鵽Ϣˡ
˻ΪǺ£ǸӵһЦߣһﾹȻֻڵΪôҲĪĽն
磬Сӿǲ֪룬ննıҲ̫ˣ룬ӦòЩһġ
һݸӶ˵Ȼ˵Ǿԣмгһֱӡ
ģ壬ȥ澯䣬϶ҵȥϵɱˡĸ֣˵Щֿʼжˡ
֮˿ٵ´Ȼ޿ֵĶЦ
ѾӶԷĿһЩߣЩΧɱ֮ˡ
֮νģѵããôͨ
зٵ˼ţ۾ǱԷڵϵĺˣ˻ģմȾ̵ѪȻ˲Ҳͷɢò
СӣΪǾӣԣϷҪץס㣬Ȼĥ㣬⴦ϣ
֮Ƶ˵Χɢо䣬һٴе״̬
ԣзϲԷǸԼһɱ¾Ľڣڻ˵ĳ㡣
ǲǵӣǵ˽ݣƴ֮Ǿ֮˽ǵȴҪɱʲôѵǱȾ֮˸һ𣿡
Цŷʵ
֮һ㶣Ȼûϵʣϴо룬ЦûǾǱǾҪһȣǾֻб³һ죬ݻǵ£ǾӸó⸻֮ˡ
ŶԭǻŹռݵİΣİɣļһǣûκλռݵġ
ǳһĺȻǻ֮˾ЩԶԡ
СӣϷ򲻺ϻ֮Щӳᱻһ𣡿ˣҪĳԱѾϷץסˣ
ָ֮ŵϵĺ˵ɪЦ
ѾָƽֻǵȻĿһǺˣȴ¶һĨаȵЦ⡣
Щ׳գȻǰҫҲˣ˾ǵĩգңǸҲòɱ¾ɣռݣǳ˵Σƾɺڵߣ޷¾ݵκһݣ
ѾȺ˵ˣΪ˺ԼֵܣʲôԭԼŹǡ
ץסӣ
֮ĺȵƺһо֮С
ڵߣЩ˸ûнǱΪϾŵŮֱ˲Ƶǰ
ٺ٣
ŮӶһЦȻһĳһɴʱ֡

ⷢһƾŮס
סȺƺ㣬Ϊ֮ŵϵĺˣȻ˽š
ڴʱһɱԶЩɫ䣬ٶȳŸȥ
ಣ
Զȫ˲֮ǰģһΣЩ˳֮ǰִ˳֮ǰ
˽źۣһݱЩǰ
֮ȴפ㣬ȻһҲû¶֮ɫ˰Χˡ
ˣϷǲأ
֮Ц˫һĵɫ
ߣϿţ磬Ǳ˼һǣ
һɷǵ˵е˵ϵĺˡ
ţ湻˥ģôҲ˲
а˵ʱɵ̬䡣
ͷӲţΪץסϷʧȥ˼ڶ֣ѾϷŶҩ˲޲ͬǾȻҲ޼¡
֮˹ЦȻ͵Ľеĺ˵ϡ
䣡
˽ҳһӣ̲סˣΪǵϵļһԼֵܡ
Ŷ۰ͷͲܳһ㣿
ϵĺͻȻбԹţ⵹ͬʱ¶Ц⡣
ʲô㾹ȻⲻܣϷŶҩ
֮𾪵һĲš
ĴΣүɲ¾¡Ϊĸ֣үô£
ţЦӵĵǻ֮һۣųԼһȥ
ͻȻţ˶һɫΣղűһϤʱȥ󣬵ɫ䡣
磿
ţǵȶԷ̧ͷŷֶԷһδİˡ
ǰıʱǶţʩչ˻ˣţզһΪǰ֮˱ϸ۲ŷԭֻİˡ


1448 
СӲϴˣҸղôˣȻΪˣ
ţԳЦЦ˵˵Ķ֮С
ţ磡Ȼû£ǵˡ
֮еΨһһŮ˵ɢȷһС顯
£ţǸ֮ˣôЩӵأ
ţЦһֱ㽫ŮӵסӶδƿĿ⡣
ţ磬ɱ˶ٵӣ
һЦʵ
ʮˣʮ˵ΪڵΪϣ
ţ˷ܵĻشŻ֮˲лһǸһ׵ܵܣ

˷׷״Ц֮ȴǲȻŭԭΪڷ˶Էһ֣˭֪ȴһҲûС
Ҫ⣡ǼȻˣһӲˣ
֮ȵ
׳գΪƾ輸ɺΪļһס𣿸㣬үǿǼֲŻġ
ţָŻ֮˺ȵ˾ȻɢΪԵƣҲеΪȡ
ţľȷģԼʺ磬һΪȻҪࡣ츳ܾߵΪҲʮҪ
ȫԿ϶ţŲ򣬿϶ﲻڵΪ
֮˵粻ŭ޴ӷйʱͻȻǱŭȽɱˣ
Ϊʲôң
鲻ԽʳȻţɣ
ţҪɱˡ
ţͻȻ֮ģҲ֪ΪʲôȻİ˵壬ĺøС
ţ磬ôˣǲʶˣΪʲôҪ
Ǹ겻ʵ
ΪǾ֮ˣͬһطûɲ
ţش
ţߣթⲢǾɣңֻڵΪʲôô
ǸɷҲɵ
ڰɣȸ˻ҪʵҲ̫ˣ
µǼͬʱüţȴǻʲôͻȻʵСӣʲô֣
֮˴ʱҲסеķŭ飬ΪʱϵԽãԽԼһȵָϵʱһۡ
ʵıʩչ˻ţʼܹоһϤĸоֻǰ˱
֮ҪҲһȽѵ飡ôȥˣţΪ⣬ƺҲûʲô̫ĸı䣡
ţʩչһκɫĬǱŻشɣһ֣

ţ͵һ⵹ŮӵҲ֮һ
£
ͷһȻ˵ȴ͵Цѡ
ţŵĵһ˫ۣͭӼҪɳۿһ֮ɫ͸ŵ¶һڽ׵ݣͷ鲻ԽĴ쵽°֮ϡ
ţľΧҲЩͲֹһεţ˵֣ڣѾμģȴһ죬ֻһڵϡ
Ľ
ţʵĶ۾ƺ뿴û˵ѡ
вգĽ
Ҳ𾪵ĻشоԼʱ͸ˣܿţ⾪˵ģҲڸղŵĻԡ
ҿôҽҪɱ㣡Ƕֵۣ
ţͻȻŭȻڴʱ˷ɽƺɱ
Ҫɱ
ȵʵ
ţô仰оܲԾģ룬ŻشƨҪɱɱ
ҪɱðɣҪɱңҲҪɱңҷһһжνˣǰ񾭲
ʼ⶯ţʶȴ֪ԷָоţҲơ
Ҫ£Ҫɱ㣬ϷƫҪ㣡޷óѣ
֮ͻȻ俴˳ˣȻ·ſ
үҪɱЩӣ
ţѾŭˣ׵ĺһȻѾһ˽
ɱ
ҲͬʱһҲǰĵȥ
սͻȻ˴ֲ֮˴һȻӭս
VSʮˣȻţһȴһʼȡѹԵơ
֮УʵжӵɷߣԷʮˣֻжɺڵߣ˵ʵȫ˾¡
˽ս֮˲䣬ţȴǵһǻ֮Ҳûȥֹ
һ͵Ĵ֣ţȻԼԼƶһ࣬Ȼʩչ˽Ʊ
΢΢һЦЦţһʱսУţҲûжЦ⡣


1449 
һҺ˵ĹΪϬÿһжܴ߶Է
֮˶ӭսţֻһб㱻ţĽʮɡ
ţ츳Ȼ޷ȣȴԱ֮˵츳ҪǿĶࡣ
һ֣ʤѾ˳жϣ֮оޱȣΪǰԷʱȴԼռݼơ
ƻľӣ
֮ŭ͵ƴȫţ
ţһЦɣүүʽ
֮УŮҲӭսһɺڵߣŮӵԷսƾ֮ơ
ˣȫԾɱ¾Ƭ̣Щ߱㱻ɱİϣܿʮԪ֮塣
ɷʹԪ֮壬ΪҪɱЩԪ֮岢򵥣Ǳ򵥵ķȥǣܶԷԪԱ
쳤֮һͬʱܵ˾޴ѹεжν̫ʧˣһǱţƭˣǵ͹˶ԷΪԮ̫ˡ
ӣˣ
һĿЦӳдžȻڴʱͻȻ򿪣ʮ˲Ĵӳ֮߳
ţһǻ֮ˣȻվߣһۣ˼òΪһѡˡ

ţֻԥ˲䣬һֽĸ첲ץסȻ㳯֮ķȥ
ȻЩ⣬ȴҲ˲伱ٷˣ˳˵ٶ֮ǻ֮Ҳû뵽
ߣ
֮˵סţǰ·ߣţ֮ʱһնţ
ಣ
ţͻȻƾֵ˻֮˵Ľһ˲䣬Ϊһ塣
֮Ŀɿڴʱ׶ԷʵֹɺڵΪ

ţĺȵ֮ʣһɱǰĻ֮ˡ
˵Ԫ֮͵ĳɶݣţҲûм׷ֻǴǰС
һҲɷǵһɱˣղŵһȺҲȫû
ɵĳˣ󷽵ʮͬʱפ㣬оһʹɷ
ȵ⼸ʹɷɷǵѾӳһ䡣
䣡
һҵıը󣬳ѾŨ֣ȵ˼һǵҪ׷ʱȴŨȻԸʶ
Ļ쵰ֲҪӣ
Ϊ֮˷ŭĳŨȴֶԷǷɢݡ
һȺһᣬֳֻܼһ׷ȥ
⵺ӾȻҲɷߣĿ죬ֻ»ᱻԷ
ţ˵һܵٶȴǲ
Ƭ֮ţȴ΢΢ɫа̾ԼƷ̫Ƿ·ܣЩһôȫ׷Լһأ
ţӲģ
һȵĺڿдԶ
㣡Ӱҵٶȣ˦Щˡ
ţЩƵ˵ǲΪ˾һԼҲɢ
ɣ²ʤм㽫ҷ£һӰɣ
˵
ʲôƾ֣ҲҪ㣡ðɣ˼ˣֻҪû£;Բµġ
ţȵοʼڿн˲ƣʱУҲ˲ڿ˲ƵΣˡ
ӳ󣬷־Ȼӵһ֮ء
ţγϿʱͻȻһɾ޴֮
ã
ţаû뵽Լʩչ˲ƺȻ鷳
ק֮£ţ޷ַɳϿգ˲Ҳ޷ʹ
ʱţϿŽ£򰲰ƾɴԼ֮ϡ
ԭЩһĵطԶԶֹһţΣˡ
а룬ȴҲ¶֮ɫ
ɣҰɣһɵģ
˵
ûʲôϵ
ţشеķɽ͵ĳնһǣֻڿжݵͣһ˲䣬֮廹׹䡣
ĵӣȻ
ţŭĺȵͻȻʼԼٶ½⵹ǳ֮⡣
Ȼ޷뿪˵أôĽȵԷһۡ
ţôãҲʮǿΪ½ʡ
ӣţѾ䵽ɽȵײɽ֮оȻһƬ֮ɫһֲﶼڡ
ţһץĸ첲һֽշɽ˫ֱǰʶѾʼԼΪģȻΧ̽顣
סһ¸£
ɽͻȻһЦ˵ǵԣţҲûֻǰһϪΪϪ֮¡
˭ڵб±үһս
ţȵһĺȻ
¸£˵ʲôأѵģ
̶Ϫ¼֮һݵӰͻȻϪˮг


1450 
ţǰ֮ˣаԸоԼһĿǵǿĸΧˡ
ԲͨţҲ˷ѱĶţ٣Ǳ㿪ʼȴоԷʵ
ȵײ󷨣ˣôܻǿأ
ţ֪ԷʵпܲԼ֮£Ϊܹó󷨣ʵôҲȥ
վһᱣġ
ţͻȻ¶һº͵Ц⣬Ȼ㿪ʼýƣһ˾ŵƣų˿
ʱ򣬻ҪýչһΪͼİˣǸݵӰҲ¶֮ɫ
˷ѣ̫˷ˣþŵһΪͼļһǲ⡣
Ӱţ̾
ƨ£
ţ仰Ϊţ˶ԷĻ
˵ʲôأӣڣ
Ӱɻ˵
ţԷĻղŲƾоµ˶ԷĻ
ү㡣
ţ˵˵ͻȻ͵ǣһսͻսʤһ㡣
ǿӰƺҲЩŭˣҲɢѾڲ֪չѹ
ڴʱɽϿͻȻʼһȺˣ
ЩǳŴߣһʮˣڽǡôΧסţ
ţ·ˣ
Ϊ֮˱Χ֮˰һͷȥͬһ٪塣
ţһԼɴûЩˣǿԷˡ
ȷɱү𣿡
ţЦĻش
ţѵΪϷ㿪Ц̫СǵʵˣΪĺаԵҲطû˿ֹǡǣ˼һǵΧΪû˿ɱЩӣ
٪߿ЦǴĺҲſЦš
ţаΪԼ⵺֮ãûô֡
ʲô˼һǣⲻԷİˣǾȻԴ־ݣǵĴǣǲû뵽أƾⰫӣҲɱүΰɣүɱ֮ѾǧˣδүΣ
ţҲЦϺѷɫֻһ˶һȺˡ
ӣҪͷһ֪ڣϷҲûбҪˣˡ
һȺִͨﺣʱϷѾ֪ǴӱԵشһ·ɱϷҲ֪ġ֪ڵΪʲôûиֹ𣿡
٪˵βס֮ɫ
ţһ㶣Լͨ⵺󣬻Ϊ֪أ˭ԷȻȫ֪
㲻֪ԣѾΪȴһ֪ɱˣʵǿ󣬱ɱһЩ˸պÿʵּƻ
٪Խ˵ԽԵ⡣
ʲôƻ
ţڿʵҲоԷˡ
һͳݵļƻԭв˷һƻڵ֪˵صΪͳһ˼һǵĸʱ㲻ǻжôǿǼңʱҲˣڣѾûüֵˡԣǱ׼ڽ콫ȫ𣡡
٪⣬һĿȣ˵ⷬΧ֮˷׷¶˷ܵЦ⡣
ԭǣҪɱǾˣҲ£ɱһˣа˻һֱǶף
ţ˵Ҫ׳ԷĻΪ˵İΣ
㷸˴Ȼһֱǵ֮УôѵǻֻԸһ㲻õˣҲûõģˣʱ˶٣˼һǵĸΧԣǲͬͬȴͬͬͬǾ˵ˡ
٪ΪѾƿһУԱ˼ɵĽй¶ˣĿΪţϵľȱ顣
ֵǣţı龹ȻʮƽΪŴ˵֮ǰѾ֪һ޷Σա
ǾŸ˱˷Ժ߽ͨݿɵעˣҲһ죬ݵĸҲѡͳһʱ⵺Ҳֻһ;
ţ䣬ΪţУ޷ȡ
ţ̣Ϸ㣡ӦЩеϴɣϷһĻᣬͶˣϷ򲻽֤İΣҲɱˣԸץסλĻ᣿
٪ߵ¶΢Цı飬ҲҪࡣ
ԭ£ң̫ˣû뵽ǰˣЩӣǹյģǾͺˡһҲڻûҵΪǿأүҪˣ
ţЩƣΪ֮أչǲĵġ
ţϷûʱ˼ڸһɣԸ齵ǶһǲԸ⣬Ǿ׼ɣ
٪߻һתñǡ


1451 
ѣԲסˣҲѱรɣ
ţЦȻת٪ߣӣʲôֶξʹɣүʶǵж
٪ɫΪ֮һ䣬˫֮Ĺâɱɱӣ
ţɱɣ
Ӱս
ţŰɱ
٪˵ȻˣҲһͬˣ㹻ĵطս
ţеսѾӿޱȣΪֻҪһ뵽ˣޱȵܡ
Ҫǣȳͬ飡
ţŭ
ţɢںһɷƺǿӰȴɢͬǿơ
ЩɵļһȻԤı
ţŭٴǡ
һεѹǿӰƺҲֵסˣ徹Ȼˡ
ţаϲʱͻȻһȣԷȻڴʱչɷ
Ȼжɷĵӣ
ţ̾һεıзӿû뵽⵺Ҳǿʵ֮ˡ
̫ԴˣһжԹң
ţ뵱յ½⵺ʱǶʱǶôķ⣬ɱĵӣδܹ
¸£
ӰֵסţϺƺеĻںޣǱ㷢һļЦ
ɷΣַǾʵ
ţ͵ĺǣһױȵԽǿ
ףһɷȻôǿ󡣡
Ӱд󾪣ʱԼڶɷں£ѹϾȻռݲơ
ȥɣ
ţŭһնԷ
𣡡
ӰҲӭնһ
˵Ľײһ͵ķҵıը
Ҳˣ
ţԼֻǺԷ㱻ԼɣѾףԭԼʵʤһ

ӰƵĺȵʱҲ֪Լ츳ԷԶԼһɷֻңǶɷҲֻʮңԷ츳ȴһɷôࡣ
ڱʵϣӰԶԶţĶ֣Բŵһι㱻Է֮Զ
ţһ֣ĴǣǱͣļԷ
Ӱԭ׼ŰɱţʱԷּкȴѾԷĽѪ
ΧսɵˣһЩǰΡ
٪Ҳû뵽ǰһֱΪţɺڵߣ뵽ȻҲɷû뵽ɷô
ԭ٪ΪԼ֮һ붼ӵɷɵɱţʱȴһǶôĴ
ӣǿӰ㱻ţɱĹǺ𣬺òǱ
һΧɱ
٪ͻȻ´ǣʮ˱һͬţ
ʮ֮Уֻһӵɷ˾㹥ţҲ𲻵Ч
ţЩƺη
ֻ˼ۣѾ´˽ۡ
ֻӵһɷ˵ĵʵ϶ţΪ츳ߵҲܹﵽ˱ʵ
֮󣬻ѾռƣΪţĲԲŴھ֮С
˫һսƬ̣߱ɷѾţȫնɱж˵Ԫ֮Ҳûӳ
ʣ֮ţƴ˸֮ƣ٪ߵҲ粻ƺЩţʵ
սڼţ˿ϧһȺսš
ţʵӦ˵Χ󣬾Ȼʼռơ
ţһ֮ɱЩˣÿһʱһˡ
٪ԽԽߣкڸղŽȫϣǼӵɷĲֵá
ѣоˣɱЩӱ㣡
ţЦƸӱ뺷ƾһɽֱɱЩľս
ԣаٷְٰյ飬ǵʵ˱
٪ԽԽŭԽŭԽҲû뵽Լ˶ĸ֣ȴ޷Ըţ
һЦţ磬ԽսԽ£ǵһȴʿҲڴʱ½һ͹ȡ
ӣ㻹𣿡
ţһսһ߿Цʵ٪߱Ļ޲̳ȥɱţ
ľӣ
٪ͻȻڴʱֳΣţҲһԷ֮ǰӦѾںһɷʱּɷӵɷ
үƴˣ
ţη壬٪߼еս⡣
꣡
һ߱ţһɱ壬Ԫ֮Ҳ˵Ѹٵݡ
һȺܵķȫǷ
٪ŭɷѾʼ뱾֮Уںɷ٪еɱţͬһˡ


1452 
ţڷ֮£һȺץס͹ǣţսˣ٪ߡ
٪߼ɽ͵Ĵһǣÿ
ˣ
ͬʱˣ٪ȥţ
ӣ㲻ˣΪҲǸɷ˲𣿴үû
ţĺȵǼŭԷ
ǷϷ򣡡
٪߷Ҳʹѹһնţ
ţʼΪ⣬ɵԷĽӴ֪˶Էǿ󣬾ȻԼ츳١

٪һ㽫ţ˰֮⣬ˣţѪ˵˫ʵľ޴ࡣ
Ҫﵽʵˣ
ţаԼһɷҲʮҵʵԷɷÿҲӵа˱츳ţһν֮ĸ
˫ʵǴﲻʵģֻΪţЩսѾã˲٣ԣʱ㴦˾֮С
̫ˣϷҪŰɱ㣡֪ߵ
٪߿Ц
ϻ˵ɱүûôף
ţĺҲǵѪ͵ŭһȻ٪ߡ
٪һЦֻһ㽫ţٴնɣϸŵЦ⣬ڴʱԷţ㲻ϷĶ֣ЩͬϷʵԣЩӽڽ챻ȫ𣡹ⳡӵ־ոýˣ
ţǿڿУȻڴϢţΪ٪߽֣ÿһζҪĴһһδαԷˡ
ԣţûھУ˻ԹӲдֻӴʱţѾԤеԼĽ֡
컯ŪˣΪȴֻеӶѣǱ磬ʱʲôطأҲǽҪˡ
ţʧȥ֪ǶԷĶ֣սȥԼҲʤ㡣
ٺ٣ڸı뷨ֻҪ㷢ЧϷϷһ
٪Ц
ޣүҲⰫӵūͬھ
ţѾǿ֮ĩȴδı䣬Ȼʮֿ񱩡
ߣʶʱȥɣ
٪߾Ȼչ˲ƣϢĳţǰĽͻȻչϮʱţѾȥֵ
ھƣţ֪ĻеķɽͫҲڴʱͻȻŴΪǵѾٽԼ۾
ԪԱ
ţȥˣѾ׼չͬھķʽԪԱʱͻȻԼԪ֮类һȻ޷ԪԱ
ڴͬʱ٪Ҳˣ˫ĿǰĻҰɫ档
ҰɫУţһţʱ˵ԪԱҪƶʮѡ
ӣӲ
ţѹֵŭ˻Ұ׻ƣ٪ȴд󺧣֪ͻĻ˭ͷŵġ
ȵײҲͼˣ٪ߵĿܿϣʱȻţõĽС
٪иͷǿĸ֣вɸɻ
ҰɫֻϢȻͻȻʧӰ٣ͺƴδֹһ㡣
ţҲɻĶŶԷû뵽ԼȻ𣬶ղǻ˭ͷŵأԪԱĻôԼأ
һϵеɻţˣȴ޷˭ͷŻҰɫ档
ţ㻹Ԯ
٪𾪵ʵѾЩ־壬ΪողǻҰɫԷΪҪԼߵĶࡣ
ţʵסˣΪԷڵ٩ԼϸۿԷıȴֲַڵ٩Լ
˵ʲôүף
ţ˵ûʼָʧָֻ۷״̬Լһƴ֮
٪סˣٴȻġ
ϲ֮һ֪ţСӵǲ
ͻȻָԭҲָ˱ɤ
磡ô㣡ү
ţĴӿе䵽棬Ȼٳ˹ȥ
ģǷһ
Ц˵Ѿܾòţʱϣеĸо治һá

ţˬЦ
ƶ죡ȥ
磬һţͷϣţ۵ĳһȥòһİȫ롣
ֵϣԹԵ˵ЦΧЩߡ
ߣ
٪һжʵЩɵҲ˵ӼŭˣԲ߳
ӴСӲ۸ֵܣΪҵֵô۸𣿡
٪Ц
磬СģʵǿѾӵɷ


1453 
ţѵѾһĽš
ɷŶҺ£
Ŀǳ˷̵ζһڵıס
㵽˭
٪յĺ
ʲôʸ֪˭𣿺ߣȻҺ٣ǱپҪ
ϵЦͻȻޱȡ
磡޾֮·ʱΪѾҪˣȴΣʱ㣡
ţ˷ܵ˵ղŻСģɴʱı飬ѾЩ˲Ķ֡
ţ̫磬ЩͬҲվУȽЩ˽ˣȻȥЩͬ顣
ѵֳһץ٪߱оһ޷ֵĴԼ

٪߾һԼѾԷȥҪȴǸܡ
ҲŰɱҵֵܣ㲻䣡׼ɣ
Ȼ˵һץԷڵԪ֮徹ȻѾץС
ţĴסˣΪĶ⣬ֻǸһӣԷԪ֮ѾС
үǿںɷĸְ
ţ鲻Խĸ̾
ţҲ̫ʧˣʲô֣
ٺһЦ΢һ٪ߵԪ֮ͻȻʧӰ١
أ
ţʵ
£
ЦʵѾʼ٪ߵԪ֮ˡ
ΧļȫŴˣΪչֳʵѾ˵֪Χ
ҲһȥһǰСͷɣ
һ仰˵̡
ӣ
֪˭һ䣬˷׷׿ʼ߿ռɡ
ಣ
ڴʱҲͻȻʧֻһ˲Ĺֻصԭء
ȻţֻǻһΣû뿪ԭء
̬
ţһ˲ѾЩߵ忪ʼɿе䣬ǵؿڽһѪǰЩ߱ɷԪ֮Ҳʧˡ
ߣ
ţĸ첲Ѿʧԭأֻ˲֮ţԼѾɽϿա
ʱţѾ޷ʵˣֻ֪ǿǿĳԼ֮⡣
ԭţΪԼãϣʵпܻᳬһμ£ţǲޱȣԼô츳ȡ
ֻʮϢţ㿴˱һȺΧͬ飬ɷǵߴʱ߽սϵսѾ鲻ͷɢѪﻹеǰĵɷ硣
Ⱥߵʮ֮࣬˽սһΧš
ӵʵҲ˰㻹ͶǾ𣡡
µߵЦ
ӣϷǾԲͶģҪɱϷһḶ۵ġ
߷ŭĺ
ʱţͻȻ˶ʱޱȣҲһУͬʱˡ
˸û뵽ţͻȻߣʵЩˡ
ţôˣ
߾ϲ
Ҵġ
ţָָȴڴʱͻȻʧڿС
ǰɣؼʱôʧˣ
ţԭɵʱ
ôģ
һ˶ţʵ
үʲô£
ţĺȵ
Χ
ǸΪ֮ȵ˽ţŵΧס
һˣôͻȻʧˣţҲӦôܻ
Ϊ֮Щңһʱ֮Ҳ벻ȻȵϢͻȻָûκλӦ
ܰɣֻǶԸһɺڵߣôܻأ
Ϊ֮˾е
үɣȺΧүļһǣѾȫ𡣡
ţЦΪ֮˱һ鲻Խɡ
ھ֮УһĿɿڴţţиΪˬ죬ҪԼֻѾԪԱˡ
ҲȵţΪţʵܶԸһȺĵߣǣʵͻˡ
ǣ֪ţʵڲ֮ǰͻƣ˵ʱͻƣҲ̫ˡ
֣ɱǶˣ
Ϊ֮˺ܿ´
ΧߣΧţɢȥԷٴϢǱΧ
ֻмɽ֮սʮϢ󣬶ͻȻΧ֮
̫ˣ
߼ĽгΪͬҲڴʱ˵س֣ߺԲأ
һһˣȻЦվԭأԭأڱڵѾˡ
лǰ֮
ͬʱ˵
λȻλţѣǾ͸Ҫ˶ˣΪţĴ磡
ЦŻȻ㿴ǵߵͷ֮ˣӶҪɳ


1454 
طûЧⲻܣǲܵģ
Ϊ֮˾еȴŮ
źطļһǶˣ㻹ǽڰ˳ɣ
ЦŻشеɱҼΪԷԼòɱɡ
ɣɱ¾֮ģٲκ⣡
˭ΪʲôҪԣ
ǸŮӾʵ
Ǿ߰Ϊʲôԣѵ֪Ҫļʱֵܱ㱻ȺɱˡǸһòɱɣǵı֮
ȻЦ
Ůĵһƣǰͬʱˣһʮ¾ۼһ
ţҲ˹Ҳһ
ǴӾ׷һֱ¾ߣѵǲǴΪǵߵˣѶһҪݵȥ𣿡
ŮӵͻȻԵʮֵίһ޹ţл
ߣ˵仰ǲҪΪǲ֪ǹģֹǣΪʲôһʼ֣Ǽˣɱĵĳ޾ߣǴﵽĿĺȻټɱǼˡҷ𣿡
ţڵ˵
ŮҲδ뵽˭Ὣй¶ţˣʱЩԶԡ
˼һ˲䣬Ůӱ㿪ڷѣǴûʲôıֻǼ̫ΪȡΪ˰Χ԰һսģǲһߣ
ŮݣԶ㽫Ƹ˾ߣզ߲Ƶһһһ
аЦЩһʱ֪Ҫˣǰأ
ռƵ£ûоһ棿Լڴˣţˣ
ߣ˭ߣǰʱû뵽˭أԾݵıҵ֪ôͨǰ˵أʲôߣҲǱԵģԾݣǲŷģǲܺߡ
ţҲһһȺҲԱ粵
ȻŮȴݣֻ˼һ˲㷴ǾݲоʩˣڵΪأԣԣǲģ
¶΢Цµ˫ı粵̾ţѾʱͶԷʲôأ
ʱţȴһЦԷŮɫ䣬סеķɽƺʱ׼ս
ӮˣڣǾ͵űɣ
ţٺЦ
ԣЩ߷׷һޱȣΪ⼸ʧˣ˵Էʵ
˵ĿˢˢļϣȻȴû˿̽ʵʵ
ŮӲΣյ̽ΪȴֻʾڣڴʱԵøܡ
ԷΪԶ֮ϣһﵽ˭ô׵ð
ŮаԾȡ
ţҪ⣡С˼һǵʵһȺ˵ʵ˼һǲڣ㻹Ҽԣ˼һǵĸǾԲŹǵģ
Ůҧв˵ĻѾʼϢ
ţ޶ۣʵһҲʱѾµ˶ԷԮǱ˵ϴ󣡲ǿ춯֣Ȼ뿪Ƿ֮أ
ʲôԮΣˮڡ
ȻЦԼ˵Ŀţ˵Ŀ֮ĿֵȴԶԶţˡ
Դľӣ
Ůߵ˵ӹµһתѾ״ʱԼô
ʱ䣬ӵ˼һǵĸֳԮֻҪиֿԶԸǸǿİˣԸţ˵ǲ̫ѵ顣
ֻǵȻһЦԷΪԷΪһˣûȤ
ţҲˣΪڼƺֻصһ𴳵¡
綥ţ
ţţǱûˡ
²μǰ
ͬʱȭ˵Ϊж˶һ±ȣʩչͨҲö˾Ϊˡ
񣡸λȻţѣǾͲҪֻƺҡ١ˣȻƽ۽
΢΢һЦ׺ʮ˵
лپ֮ˣ
ٴΰл
ţ֪ģҲһϲˣЩôҿɾҪ뿪ˣ
Ц˵
λˣǲϲôأ
ţ֪ǿЦģԲЦ˵
˱лȴĻŵˣһؼʱ̣ҪˣԼ˿ɾΣˡ
һɫ죬һųĬȴ˼һɳǰ
ţ˲Ƭ̣ԶѾƿ


1455 
ˣ˼һǵĸѾˣ
ŮӵЦͻȻ䣬ΪԷɡ
ţԵȥĸ֣ǵĸҲǿһɱһɱһ˫
ʱţ⣬ȴЩţΪֱ˼һǵǿ֮
ಣ
ƿ󣬶Ѿ˵ĵһϿա
ʲô˸ɱ񣿡
һڵĺȵߵŮһĵĽӲ˭ǳ֣֤𡣡
˫ް£һһףȻǵ˵Ͽա
²μڰ׶ǰ
һڵ߷׷׼ߵݵ
ȴǸͲֻͬʱţȥĿ۽ţǵɷϡ
ĺˣΪѾԼıΪɳڣһԷ²⵽ʵԶԶֹɳΪأ
ߣǧҶ⼸˵Ϊ㻹ȣ
ЩŭаСƶԷ˵Ϊ
ǰԭǰռƻµģͻȻһ֣¶ԸˣԲλǰϢλǰ졣
Ůɫ˵Ȼһָ
ɳڵľӶѣƾʲôΪ֣
ֻһۣЩͷˡ
ףӵͦӢģǽץȥ¯⵹ܲأ
Ůӵ˫аݣǺӲаԳԴס
ãҪץ¯˼ҲҪץһŮӻȥ¯
ţһŮӡ
׳գүŮˣҲ룬Ҳ룡
ţȵڴˣûţˡ

ߵ΢΢䣬һâϮţ
ţƤûգһ£ߣһ
Ȼ㣬ǲ⣡
뵽ͻȻԼĹȻͣ˿С
ǵâǺ˲ĽԺӴʱںɷʵΪɱţ
ıˣңӻ˭֣ΪǵƾͣͣǺҪ߶ȴҲ˿޷ǰ硣
ԭиڴˣ
аǰŮӵ۾Ҳ֮ɫȻŶԷˡ
ţƺԤϣԷ㵣ɹЦ˼һǵĸ֣ѵֻʵʲôֱЦ

ҲɿЦ߼ҲͬʱЦһ仰Ҳ˵
ڰ׶ͬʱɫȻͬʱ˷ɽ˵ĿԼţϣΪֹǿеĽ
ǰǰǶ׳գ֮Ϊ֣
ţѾ֪ԶԸڰ׶ϣԲ˼ɵĵ٩ĵ׶ԣܹ޼ɵĵ٩֣ţлвٵĳɾ͸С
˴ʱֻ𾪵ţΪ˿ţʵǺڰ׶κһ˵Ķ֡
ȻϷͳȫǣ
Ѿţŭˣʱ֪ԷʵЩĪ⣬Ҳһе׼֮һս
磬侲һ㣡һֻǰɣ
Ůѵ
ɫµչѹֲڿбѾγںЧ
˵ͬʱѹʱţȴδΪԷǽһ㣬ȻʮĿС
ܣ
ŭΪŮɢѹȻЩ˺Ч
磬֮ĸ֣ǵɷҪǿ󡣡
Ů𾪵ķ
ɷ
ţ𾪵Ŵͣû뵽˵ΪǿʵԼζɱ
ҲĿɿڴһŵȻɵĵֵӵɷĸֽ
ֹţˣʮҲ㵵˵ǲµ˶Էһ˵ʵǿȴҲû뵽ǿֵز
ڰ׶ǲѾϵֶʩչ״̬ǣԷȴȻδ
ǣڰ׶϶һۣԴӶԷп˾֮ɫ
磬ֱǸ̬Ĺŷֿ꣡ΪԼΪѾʮˣȣҷԼ츳ģ
ţĽĿ˵
ҲڴʱǺڰ׶ϲŷĸ֣˶͸Ϊ
ţͱ֪ˣͽܵ츳ҪǿˣǣڵʵҲ㣡һܲ治֪ôӵɷģԣҲǸ⣡
Ц˵
ڰ׶޷ռκƺѾܲˣͬʱն
̫Сˣαأ
аȵһЦ㲻ԷĽ
ţֻһֻ֣׼ǿеĺӣ˹㷢ˡ


1456 
ӸնһͻȻоһɾ޴ǰ徹Ȼ޷Կصĳǰȥ
ô£
ӾеǣȻɿƵĳԷƮȥ
ŮӴ󾪣ס˺ӣȴԼҲ޷ˡ
˳ɽţĿɿڴĿŶ˷ɹ
䣡
˵͵ĳصĵ䣬ǸΪ죬ΪڵҲͻȻɿˤ棬οǶ߱ɷأ
˵ȴڵأû
˲֪ôͻȻǶ챻ɵˣзľǴڵϡ
ţȥɱ
΢Ц
ڰ׶ϵмȾ־壬뵽ֽͻȻ޷
ţΪ֮һ㶣ЩԥĿ˶ԷһۣŵͷɽǶһȥ
˵ţͷȴǰ̧֮еľ޷ݡ
ţһѡȻ󲻹һеߵ˶ǰзɽڶǰҫ۵Ĺâ
ӵɷôֻͬڴүǰأ
ţЦһԼβȫûŭȻ͵Ǻһš
һȥţֻһ¡ţҽһ
Է˼ʱ޷ȻţʵȥԿˣȻ˶Զ
ʯͷ
ţбָоŭһնǺӵͷ­
һɱҽͻȻŵţܵĺɡ
һΣţȻдһɾ޴ķ֮оȻѪ
ߣʵһУ
ʱţеĸһ㡣
Էӵɷߣ˵츳һ㣬һ츳屶ʵҲʮ屶ʵԼѾٽ˾ʵ
οţĸо˵츳ӦԶԶֹ屶츳ԣţʱڶԸӵоʵߡ
£Է˽ֻڵϣƾţԷɽȴ޷һɱ
ˣţڶԷķˣޱȡ
ǺӵĲϽѪʱţƽһ㡣
ȥɣ쵰
ţвˬٴγϣɽݺݵնǺӵĲӡ
ÿնһΣӱҽһţҲᱻɡ
ͺñö۵ɱˣһɱһһɱǱɱ֮˱ʹ
ǰҪĥˣɱҰɣ
ӴʱԪԱҲ첻
ôҪҪ
Ůӱŵľֵļţǰĸַ緶Ȼ޴档
ǺܵԶʹһϵʹ
֪Լ𣬲֪ԶԶô򵥵ġ
쵰ϷƴˣԪԱ
ӼЧбͬھ뷨⵹ŵţѸٷˡ
ڱǰҲһѵõ󣡡
ƽ˵ҫһĿ⣬ĿǺҲһ㶡
ôⲻܣΪʲôԪԱ첻Ϊʲô
ʹĺӶҪɳۿͬħ
磬Ҳ㱻ŵˣٺ٣Ȼ޷ԪԱҾһɱ
ţٺЦҲʮֲԼΪԶǣԼҲܵñֳǿ־
ڴˣӣξ֮У
˫֣Ȼ˵
ţ˫սɽƽǺˣеķɽݺݵĳ·ͷնȥ
䣡
ӾֽӣҽһֻԴͿҪͷϷּˣţҲΪκĹԷɡ
үͲŻɱ㣡
ţЩץƵģ˫ֵĻͬʱѳѪѪ̼ţеɱ⡣
ҪҪǰʹɣ
ץĺеһ鵽ĸоֻһԷķɽٴն¡
ţŭıɣԽҪնɱԷͷ­Ǳͣĳϡ
һȺѾɵˣûһԸŵɸ־Ȼᴦҵĵز
ڰ׶ˣʲôýˣ־־塣
Ȼӣֻʵ̫ǿĸǰܣѰ·
һŴͣſ־֮ɫȲֲǰ
ţͬҲֻ̾ΪֹˣҲû뵽ţϴôǿǿӵɷ˺޻֮
һɽ֮УƺһжԵ쳣죬ţѪһδεĳԷԷ޻ֻܷ֮ëȻҽ
Űɱ˭Űɱ˭ߣ
˵в˿ͬģԷԵԷʱ


1457 
֮ţڴʱȥɱԷһ㹻ŰɱԷҲϣţΪ
ʮεķ񹥻ţɱ˺ӵ壬ʱţֻ˫ֻҪˣҵʹţںſе
ΪŰɱǣүҲүˣֻҪŰɱˣүϼҲֵõġǸղŲǺ𣿵еĸ֣ѽɱү
ţնɱǺӵͷ­󣬲ɷһ˵ĿЦеıӲԶ
ӵ屻ɱԪ֮Ҳ޷жݳʱڱɱС
һ⵽˼һı
˵Ԫ֮ŭĺ屻ɱзһɣٲٴξղŵּʹ
˼һǣ˲𰡣㲻˼һǳҲ
ţĳ˵ⷬǺԪڷĲ
Ϸ˼һǸ㲻ĸ֣ΪϷӵɷ˼һǵĸǴˣף
ߺ֪ɣҲöԷкù
˻ѵ˼һǻиļһ
ţ¶𾪵ʵ
˼һǵĸǿԴĦģͲʲôǼʶ˼ҵһӵоŵɷĸ֣Ǿͻڵ˼һǣ
ߵ˵͵Ĺ۲߶ԷĿ־Ŀ⡣
ŵɷ
ţҲɾΪţԼһ˵ţͬҲȫ¶֮ɫ
ڸոӵһɷû˶ԣͻȻоŵɷĵˣϢ
ͬʱ֮УҲǺӵԪ̲֮סЦ

ӵЦͻȻȻֹ
ಣ
һץȻӵԪ֮УʱЦˣΪԷΪ֮ǿ󣬼ֱǸĪ⡣
ɱҵĴڣӵ˼ɷѵѾﵽ˾ŵɷ
뵽ԣӵв
ʲô
ƺܵѯʵ
һ֮ˣʲôأðɣ㽫ķϣҾ͸Ŀģ֮˼һǽڣ
΢΢Ц˫ǻ۵Ĺâ
סˣԷĻشʵֻһ䣬ȴš
˼һǲڣ⽫ϷЦһЦ
߸ŵЦ
仰ǽһ˵Цʲô˼𣿡
ȻһЦǺڤ˼һͻȻһ־ľ
ҲڴʱߵԪ֮ʧУĿѾһĵߡ
磬ɱɣ
ţӧ

ͷţѾŷɽǰŮӻȥÿһǰŮӵɫһݿ־塣
ӣ
֪˭һ䣬ʮ߼ͬʱжˡ
һԣڴʱѡܡ
ȴֻʮͬʱɶݣȴԭض˫ȲΡΡģȻ־޷С
ܵʮˣԲͬʵİ취ãлܡ
ʧȥܵˣ΢΢һЦʱѾֵİ
ܵʮ߾Ȼԭ·أȻⲢʮ˵ı⣬ǿľʵ£òһɴŷء
ʮѾ˾ıԵкü˻ţǱɵˣһԲŵ
ԶԶֹЩˣţҲֹͣŰɱĶ΢΢ͣʵڲ֪ôı̬ʵ
ǲ֪ʱգţҲ˵𾪣ƫƫԼ֮ʼģ뵱꣬ʵ߱
һˣŹ˰ѣչֳǿʵţܹƽ
ЩУ֮˲Ϊɽˮ֮£׵˵ľƵٱھƵٱʱıܱԵ˵ǿҡ
ȻҲм֪ԵֱʱЩ˻Ϊԡ
һ˵ĳĬ˵ȫעϣߵҲֻ
һ֮Ҳ
˵뵺ɽ磬Ȼǰ뵱굺־ݽϵ
ӵڵļ䣬ôЩ߹ڻأ
־ݣҲڻרɱ¾˷żȻ뵺ɽ磬Ҳй⵺֮ˡ
壬ǷѾ˻жϣţ˷Ҳһǿɱ¾ɡ
ΪĵزҲмɱ¾СȻ˵ȴһеطĵطĶԴ


1458 
׿һв˵Ҳڴ˴ţ⼸׳ʿɡţ㣬䣬ƱҲɱߡˣǾǳеԵĺɣ
һƽɫʵһ˿Ц⣬Ц˵УȴĪ⡣
ţҲڴˣѾڣΪ㣬ҲЩ߲ڣʲô˼һǣ֣Ҳ㹻޳ܵġлᣬһ˼һǣڣ
͸һ޷ݵıζ˻һţΪжǼͬҲϲ񣬶һȴһĳš
Ҫ
ǰŮ߷ĺʱ֪ɣȴвġ
ǾɣһԹ˭ֻܹڴʱ䣬һĵص㣡
ձϣʮͬʱһҽУţȴǸû뿪ԭء
һ˲ʮûͷ­ͬʱأ֮ԳһѪ
˵Ԫ֮Ѿ˲ɣһȴǷ̫죬ţ˸
ֻһ˲䣬ʮͬʱ˽֪֣ȴ֪ΰ쵽ġ
Ůӳ̾һǾǿЦʱ֪ɣ䵣˼һǵİΣ
Էʵǿ˹˼һǵĸֿԵֵĽ
ŮҡҡͷҲ޷һȷеĴ𰸣ֻǾΪ̫ǿǿҲδ˿Եֵķϡ
磬ĶѾûκ֮Ϊе޵Ժڣһɱһߡ
ţ˵ȻֳַɽӽǰŮӡ

ŮӲҽһղŻ˼˼һǵİΣʱȴҪԼ⡣
£µ޷ʹ
ŮԵĸ̾Ľղŵʮ˲ɱߡ
ʵ򣬰Ůֻ֪һ֪Щ߱˲ɱ壬ǵԪ֮һҪʹḶֻ́Ԫ֮ʱŻ֣ᷢԪ֮屻ɱӿ¡
ţ˫ֿʼѪȻȴǼᶨޱȣһһն⵺ߵĲӣƺһж޷ֹΪ
㶵վԭأʱĿ⼯ţϣ˶ԣţͬʱ漣
ķ˰ʱţɱǵŮߵ壬Ԫ֮ȳȥȻʧ
磬ˣһоָӰɣڣҶоκεĿ־壡
ţЦԴ뿪ӣԼһֱСģʱʱ̶̿ðգΪΪһ׷ߣԶҲ֪һʲôΣڵš
棬߻ͬ˲Ϣ֮飡
ţЩӣϵЦҲţЦţھȻΪҪߣҲΪֵܸеԺ
磬⻰ôŲ˳أҺһģͽȣǲƲ𣿡
ţٺЦ
ŶȻҪȣ͸øĿˣ㲻ƺһʦ棬ôҲҪƺһǰɣҲԣ
ţЦ˵
УĽΪ޹أҵ磬ԶҲΪǰҳƺʦүһȥˣ
ţҲΪΪǿӰĿȻʮɡ
ǾԶֵܣΪ۽
ΪοţҲһֵҲֻʱŶԽ
ԶֵܣΪ۽
ţظͻȻ쳣ΧĿռ䶼ƺˡ
ͻȻţ뵽ʲôƵģЦ磬Ҳˣܼλѣ

ͷЦˡ
˷׷¶΢ЦţܣһԱţ֮Ա
ǰǿͬ۽ЩɻһһǰʱȻƺ١ȴΪǰ
ԴҲǺΪǵ֪ԼΪʱѾѽԼƽ֮ѣ֮УҲֻţܵԼֵܡ
˽һֹƺʲô֮ǸˮҲЩξ֮⣬Ǹһֱֳŵ顣
̱µԭ򣬲ɰ̾⼸˶Լ̫ηˣⷴӰ˵̸
ȣ
ĿһţϲĻͣ
ţԼ뿪֮ͻȻԣжʱһԼʲô
ߣߣôΪԭأ⼸ǲܵġ
ţһۣĿˣʱţѣ͵һţ̫ˣ磬һмλֵܣҲ⵽˼һǵĹǸϿȥǰɣ


1459 
ںδ
Цʵ
˵زԶΪгһս˼һǶش
ţ˵ͬʱѾԾգţͬʱж
ȫУһϵģ
ûжȻԭء
ţӦһȻ˷ٵĳشȥѾʼ⼸˵İΣ
ߺȻͣԭأһڵЩԪ֮壬һԾţˡ
ʱΪнٶҪҪʮֹԸһС
˵ķзϣѾʶ̽飬ֻʮϢʱ䣬Ѿ̽鵽ţصش
ףƱƳˣţǼͬ鲻ڣ
ЩãǴطȻͬһʱ˵ߵĹƱƳĵطսĺۼȴ̽鲻κʬĴڡ
֮Χ˶ˣƺҪ̽˵صδᣬֻǾȫڵЩԪ֮塣
ҲһʱĹѾɵԪ֮ˣⲢδǿ̫ȴʤޣٱȱչҪʮֹ
ţ˻ڳ֮УѾԤ֪һУȵϺ󣬲һЦȻǶɣ
Ƕ˱ϵľǱΪΪأȴû뵽Ǳ̽ˡ
ͬ̽ӣΪȴǸʮǧһֻɳڵΪһȴӵвߡ
ಣ
ɳڵȴٶݣһǼţлδķԼ١
ӣ
һͻȻʧ
Ȼʧˣ
ɽӾȵŴͣһ̵壬һɫĽ£ҹĻµĺڰܵĽһ
ɳڵĵ߾ֲΪǴطЩǰǶѾʬҰԼڴʱԷ٣Ȼ׶༪֮֡
Ϊˣɳڵĵ߲ŷ²Է׷ԼһΪǿ̽ӣֻһ
˲֮ѾʹԣǶ˸֪ںη
ɳڵĵһξ󣬷Ȼû̽鵽Σлžֵ̬Ӷݡ
ɽӵǲһ£ΪΪɵԭǰɱӣɽǸСĽˣˣûǰ
ɳڵ߲һݵӰˣҲʧˣɽһɣԷһȥ׷̽ˡ
һﵽʲôˣΪӦò֮£ô̵ʱɱڰ׶ϣڰ׶ϵĵΪҲӵɷ֣ʵҲѷɫ˶٣
ɽкҵţһ˰СʱΧ޶ΪѾȥ
ɽ׼ȻȥʱͻȻоһ΢Լ
ɽд󾪣ҲûķһȭȥȵعͷʱԼǺһƬֵأвκӰ
ʲôʱ˳嶯ˣ
ɽӿЦ
ٺ٣
һЦͻȻӿдɽӵĸо֮
˭
ɽӱܵʵЦԸղŵǸˣΪ˵Ǿԡ
ಣ
ɽ̼ɽ֮͵նȥȴȻûκն
ӣɱҵģҾʮ֮ڣ
ٴδɽӵഫҲڴʱɽӺݺݵһն
ôǱ֮ĵطηҵģҿӵϢ񣡡
ɽд󺧣ܾöԷԼߣҷǳ֮
СӣǷɱţ⼸ѣ
ЦʵεȴͬʱɽӵҶ
ɽӱʱȴԷ֪ʮΣգһתҲγַԲʮɵĽ
Ҷ˵ˣɱңôأ
ͷ´ɽҲץĸоȻֱʱ֪˲ںδ
㵽˭б¾͹ĳ֣Ҫ͵͵Ķڰ
ɽӴȵҲһּǲ֪Է᲻ᱻ
ѵˣڻμ״̬͵͵ģ˼Ҫҹĳٺ٣֮֮Ȼ͵٣Ǿ׼еĺɣڴ֮ǰٻɱ㣬Ǿɣҳٵ٣ٵԿһ
ԽŹˣȻɽӵ˷
ɽӽʶõ۷״̬ԲɵĿռȫ֣ǣȥȻ޷̽鵽κ˵Ĵڡ
Ϊ޷̽鵽κδڼԣɽӲио˵Ĺ죬ֹĸо£־Ҳɽӵӿ֡


1460 
ɽʹ˻޷̽λãȻȴӰΣһֱΧ
ӣҪװŪҲ㣡
ɽŭȻһѾʼ˼һǵķѸƶ
ߣҵķٶȣܸϣ
ɽӶԼٶȷǳţһɳЦӣ˰ɣߣ
ٺ٣ͦŵģѵ֪һֱʮɷΧ֮ڣķٶʵ̫ˣˣһ£ʩչ˲֮ٻἴɱ㣡
ֳɽӵ˷

ɽӾеĿ־ͻȻǣеҲڶԷĻʧ
ܹĪٶҲԼһԼѾܸԷսԼذɡ
ɽӼҪˣ˲ƵͷĲֹŭµôҿɲ޵£
ٺ٣˼һеɱҵİɣȻش⣡
ʵ
ΪʲôҪش⣿
ɽӷŭķʵ
׳հģѾĲشңƾʲôشأ
ЦɽŭɽߣеĿ־塣
ɽӵп־Ī֪ԷΪǿʱԶԼչĹ
ľӣб³ɽӹһս
ɽӶݳΣŭԶԶĴ˳ȥ
ôҪ˼һǵעҿûôʱ׽Բأ
Ѿ֪ţ˵֮ʱͬʧһż
ಣ
ڳɽӵǰξĳ֡
ɽаϲΪԷܵԼļӰ졣
ڳˣ
ɽ˵ʱ׼Էɽ湥ԷǣɽӷԼ徹Ȼһɾ޴סˣɽ޷ʩչ
ô£㣬㵽ʲôа
ɽӾŭͻȻԼѾ޷ֲǶԷѹɵģˣиǲ⣡
ԣǾʵƾγɾƣԣǰûһս֮ڣѾȫƿء㲻ҪͬھˣԪ֮ҲѾʧȥԱȨ
˵λֱɽӴĵ
ɽӱɴȴǸ޷ѣ෴ԽԶԴ޷תˡ
㵽Ҫô
ɽӿ־
Ԫ֮壡
ЦŻشɽ鲻ԽĴҪ
ˣһǾ˼һǵߣĶ̫ûսˣҲˣֻҪԪ֮壬Իȫ䣡
Ȼ΢ЦаȵЦȴɽӼҪˡ
ɽӱ˵ȴԼ徹Ȼ˲촦ԼԪ֮ҲѾһİĵط
ΧһŰɫ滷ƹʱɽͻȻˣԭԼԪ֮ڶԷڡ
ʲôˣôӵǿΪ츳˼һΣӣ
ɽбʱͻȻоһɾʹȻǺ˵Ļ潣ڷָԼԪ֮塣
Ԫ֮ڱǰɫ潣ָͬʱɽһᵽʲôʹࡣ
屻ɱԪ֮屻ָʹ޷ݣɽΪ־ᶨƣʱҲ̲סĲҽг
ǰסְס֣Ը齵ǰ
ɽӱѡֻڴʱģΪҲָԪ񣬲ɶ
ǣӭɽӵһֲĻ潣ɽʹȴ޿κΡ
ȴɽӿʼʱȻûκλӦʵѾڵһʼԪ֮壬пɡ
ӵɷĵߵԪ֮壬ǲ׷Ԫ֮壬ΪֹЩԪ֮ΪǿЩԪ֮һǿķ츳ǿ
һ߽ɣһ߷ȥţ˻ϣ㾡츳֮ǿ
ţ˺ķʱĲŸϵ֮輸ӱѾĿĵء
һɭɭɽȣɽ֮еĽѾǿƳһɽ֮⣬ţǼ˽ŵ顣
ţ磬һǱץȥˣǱȥ˼һӪǣȥˣֻǻ׶༪١
һĽΪץȥ˫̥
żһȻǵģⶼԹңû뵽˼һǵʵôǿ󡣡
ţЩյ˵ʱЩ빲Ѿ飬ʱصɽȷʧ٣ơ
ţ磬ⲻԹ㣡㣬ֻǶѾڴ˵ˣ
ЩĿţ


1461 
ĺˣһµģȻƻĺأǴ򶷵ĺۼǣûзǵʬ壬˵ǻţҲµĺۼ˼ǿ˵أ
ˮ˵ȴ֪ƾԼ˵ʵܾȻرץȥˡ
ͷŶţ˵ţ磡Ǹ˼һЩֵĶ֣ڣֻٿ԰ǾȻǣҵȲ޶ٽ飬Ҳ֪ǷԸæֵܣٰæһӦģڣֻ㿪ڲſԾȻظǡ
ǰҲֻٲſԾȻֵǣǵʵ̫Сˣ
һֱĬĳҲڴʱ˵
ףôûأ᲻·ϱ˼һǵĸΧ
ˮͻȻ˵ɫ֮価Ե֮ɫ
ԣоһΪϣҲˣ˿϶ҲΪȳץȡֵܡ
ܣ츳ױȣܻµģһģٵȵȣ϶֣ұ֤
ţŵ˵
ǿɲһ
ˮЦ
ʱѾǰֻʹ˿ѡ
ϲ͵˵˽ֻǷˮƺлѡ˼һԡ
ˮˣ⻰ʲô˼ʵղҲˣ˲ɱ˶ӵɷĺڰ׶ϣʮҲ˲ɱΪͻȻϵѵʵɱΧ𣿡
ţѾɫˮ˵Ļǳˬ
ˮ˵ͻȻһδйĿ⣬ȻʮɣЦһʱһʱҲٵΪԶ֮ϣǶѾ˴˵أȴûϵ˵⡣Ҫô鷳Ҫôǣһ뿪ˣȥҲֻĽ֣
˻һţŭͻȻֳɽȻָˮˡ
ߣţɱϷ򣿡
ˮҲŭˣ˲ɽ
˷ɽⷢΪͻȻ˵סˣ
ˮҪ˵һģѵƲʵһڵƴɱĽ飬ڲɱ㣡ҲһᵱղʲôҲû˵һ֪粻ĺжôأ
ţ΢΢Ĳţ˷ŭҲ飬г嶯ɱ⡣
ǶԷԼţҲ֮ƽֻ̫࣬ǣԣţż˷ɽ
ˮ磬ôˣٸղžһôܻǶ뿪أ
Ȱ治ϣڹϳڸܡ
ߣֻ֪һ֪Ϸ֪ţ˫ް£Ȼƫԣڴͷһ֧ʵѾ޷ǰţ͵ơ
ˮ˵ʱͻ绻һˣڱǴ̡
񱾾͵ĸİΣˮĵڸܣжʱЩŭ
ˮˣҪһǰģҲµˣͲеģ
˵֮ʱѾˣݼᶨţվһ
Ҹұ֤һģ
ţһһٵ˵
ţ磬㣡
ͷ͸һ˿ɫ
ţ΢΢һЦĶˮˣбľ֮ڴʱ粻
ѣǷԸϷһѰǵű˼һǵɱ
ˮ˲վмĳ
һֱĬţҲЩᣬΪ˼һǵ˵ǿʵҲ쳣ǿԼǰԵ쳣С
ʱٻδǰ⵽Ƿʲôأˮ˵ѱѾȥԼֽȥδӣ
ļһԭͷŻῴһ˵ģ
ţаԱӳΪֵܱ˼һǵץȥˣʱҪԥ̰Ϊ
°ɣҸ类ץˣҪŽһȻӪ
ε˵
ԭԥԺ󣬵Ц类ץˣֲҵĸ磡ΪҪΪðΣգЦ
͵һ𣬾ȵѣô˵Ǿ˲ǾҪиͬͬôأḷ́
͵ߣֲǷӣôɽ
粵ϵıԵЩ
ԭˣ˵վԿġţľˣҲãĶնԺͲ׵ĽĽˣ
ипǶ˵ΪҲñӣܿܿУ˶ȥˡ
ˣϻҪǾһڴ˵ص


1462 
ţν˵ȴǰʹҲû뵽ԼѾȻˡ
ɵˣɣˣ
ˮ˿Ц
ҲѾˮ࣬ȻѾ˹ʶ֮ѳɶ֡
ţһ仰Ҳ˵ֻ޵˸Уʱݣи뵽Ҳȥ
ͬţʱôϣܰοԼǣȴû˵һ仰
ָţѾ̫ɿһ˵أؾݣ
£
ǣҸ绹ϣ
ԥ˵
ͿΪʵȻѱ磬ǲܵ飡ԥ˵磬㣬Ҳ˿Ծȣ
ˮĳ˵λ˼Ѿضҡ
£
ţЦ˵֣ʱĲȰΪԣԼӪȸģǾ;ԲǶ˽һ
ʱ䲻ˣҪˣҪǲߣǾɣ
ˮ¶֮ɫȴһ˿Ц⡣
ţЩһ뵽ͷ֮ĵࡣ
ţأҪǲ磬Ҫһߣ
񿪿ʵѾţһľ롣
ҳûɱ㣿
ţʵ
аţʣɵͷǵģ֪ǸʲôˣҲɱңȴ
ҵŮˣҪڴʱ뿪ң
ţһֻضЩ
ԣЩ̣ɾڴʱɽ֮ͻȻһЦ
ˣ
ţϲճڣȴ˾ȻͬʱԼ
ţ磬Ҳ뿪㣡ҲˣҪһͬ
ᶨ˵
ţ֣Ϸղ̫ļˣţֺ
ˮ˴Ź˵
Ψ󣬵Ҳȭţ磬ҲͨˣҪһŽһ£빲
ͬʱ¶Ц⣬ȴţиΪʹû뵽ԼȻύһȺ̰ķеСˡ
ţΪ˺ˬļ𣬴ʱֻһ
ӣĽǵļ֮գ
¶ΣȴһİߣҲһۣϴŰ֮ɫ
Ȼ٣
ˮ˲ѿڶ˲䳯ȥһ˲Զţ
ٶҲˮ˹ˣҲûԥͬٶԶţ
һȺʹСˣ
ţ̲סˣŭ
˳ֺֻһ۱ƺһУȻȻˮЦɽˮĲɽ¼񣡡
Ծд󾪣ˮ¶Ц⣬ζ˱ݣɽˮμϣ
һۣͬʱԶˮˣȴֲ˼ȥӽţ
ˮ㾹ȻǵӵһԱƭǺòң
ŭ
ߣֻܹ̫ɵѾ𵺹߶Ծ֮˵ĺ⣬õĽ˼һǱǲǰռݣʱݱǵ֮
ˮ˷ܵ˵
ɫ䣬ϵŭͻȻʧǻһЦ⣺ˮ磬Ĺϵһֱ֪ɷһ·
ˮһЦųһЦûʲôüֵͶϷ򵹿Էһ
ˮǰ˻棿
ϲʵ
ˮаԣ棡ֻҪԸ⵱ϷŮˣϷͻһ·ҲϷϣ磡֪ǷԸأ
ţ˫ȭգ촽֮侹ȻҧѪû뵽ˮ˾ȻǵӵһԱû뵽ȻԴ
ԥһ˲䣬֪ԼҪôѡ·Ҫôѡ·ǣܿ¶˾ġ
ˮǰԸ⣡
Ļشˮмȵ⣬ţ򼸺Ҫˣû뵽ȻԼ汳ѡ
ˮСӣϿǴδԹ椶ζǲӦýøϣ
Ǹ˶һЦ⡣
ˮһû뵽ԼûֵѼӾȻһ˲ˡ
ϣȻˣֻȡˮһκԹԣ
ˮΣȴҲɽ磬ǿʳԼڴϵǰͬһֻϣʸŮˡ
ˮģϻᲹģŮˣҲò˶ñζˣʱ㻹㣡
˺ٺЦ
лϵĶͣ
ˮ˴ϲ
ţû뵽ȴԼ˻ˣʱ־£ȴָκˡ
ȻţҪģ
жʮֵǿңˮڴʱȵˣ㻹ȥ̺ϣסˣҪ̺˴ϣƽƣҲܾȻ磡


1463 
ǣף
ͷίޱȣȴǳĺ˷ȥ
ˮŵͷ¶Ц⣬ƺҲΪһ֣㽫ڻС

񽿺ǡôľܻߵı飬úҲסˡ
ݵŮˣȻЩڲͬ
Ц˫־Ȼͬʱزץȥ
󾪣ʱȴǲܣƾǺץԼزȴ鲻Խķߵú˸м޲̱ڴʱ˫ޡ
ز
˴ЦƺΪΧ֮ҲԼõĿ֡
ˮ˵ĿˮʱֻδùỹԼ
ʱЩԹԼŮˣԼмȥȨˡ
ţʱѾ˷񱬷ıԵ˫ȭĿ죬ҲҧˣһѪ˳Ŵ߻¡

ţŭЦЦ֮Ե˵ر
ԸǲޱȣлйݵĻںޣһ뵽Լѵ̣־ˡ
ţЦ֮ʱǺҲһЦ˫͵һֻ˺ѵɫ䣬û뵽ԷȻ˵˺Լ·
ܵļսףս׵£ѩ׵ļ㱻סˡ
һ˵С椣ҷϷ򣬿ȡսףϷڱɱ㣡
Ҳ
񾪽е
ߣǾͽսϷһ㣬Ϸɱ㣡
˵ֳһĹʣţ
̫
ţҧȵԼչ鲻ĿԷ衣
̫Σ
˷ʵڴʱ˵׹һȻսǣϱ¶õؿڴѾǺ˳һƬ޷סزĴ⡣
սţ˫ֻסزίޱȣΪ˼ȥֲò衣
ſ֣
˵
һȴǴӦһȻſ˫֣ǣ˵Ŀ׷׾۽ز֮ţֻһ۱ƿĿ⡣
ˣΣαѡ裡
ţнշɽȴǰס˳嶯Ϊ֪ԼǰҲѰ·
磬㵽׸ʲôȥˣôأҪٲҾҪɱˡ
ţʵǼͬޣ֮Ȼѡ裬Լأ
ΪһŮ˳嶯
ţŲɵΪŮ˲ֵԼֻǣԼŮô˷ţҲ겻ѣʹţľҲƵٱ
вʱ¶ڣֻѾϣȻûлͷ֮·
ҪʲôֻȥԺʵǿˣҪɱԱ裡
սȭͷжޱʹޡ
¸£ŮҲ
˫ͬʱץסǺڵزһЦ
ǣ֮ˣ̰֮࣡ǵ߸Ϊ¸ҡ
ˮ˵ĿⲻסߣĿҲ˱סˡ
ˮ磬Ը뵺ߣܷһ·𣿡
ʿˮһЦ˵
ϣǾӵū
ˮ˵Ц
Ŵ˻ҲΪ⣬ȻЦãԸͶķϣϾһ
лǰɱ֮һϹᣬѣ
ϲڿ񣬿иĵֻû䷢ġ
˵ƾˮΪūɣ˼һǵ߿ӵʲôˣԺռ˾ݣǱŮˣòūţ
˼Ҫˡ
Ƕ˾ݣǾݵˣţ˴βԺһɱǣ
ţߺ޵ĺвΪԼеҲΪ˸е޵ı
ͬʱ¶˸֮ɫ˸֮ɫֻ˲䣬Ϊ˼ȥò¡
ţѱвǣ㲻һЦ𣿡
ˮ˳Ц
ϷˣŮˣѾϷħצ֮£ֻĿŮ˱ѣָо𣿡
˵ĻΪˣţҲʧء
ˣҵŮˣ˲䵱ҵŮˣҲֻ޲Ż޲飡
ţʱȻȲҲ
ȻһֺαںԷʵжôǿ
ţ˿ηˣ˫ŭк޲ɱĴڡ

˱޲磬ŭǱЦһȭţ


1464 
һΪұɱЩӣ
ţڶԷֵһ˲֪Լ׶༪٣Ǳǰĺ
ƺ뵽ʲôȻͻȻȭЦĹϵԶˣ֪ҪЮ᲻Чأ
ţʱŸоĵĿ־壬ԼѡԪԱҲԸⱻԷºв⽫ԼԸⷢ顣
óѣ
ţŭ͵ĺˣΨֱԷЮֺҪЮ
ǣʱԪԱͬģԣţסԪԱĳ嶯
˵͵ĳţֶȥţԥ˲䣬ȻԼѾ˶ԷƵѹ֮¡
ţڻʲôѡأҪԪԱϷôóѣ
˲Ц
ˮǳҲͬʱЦʱȵˣôЦ
д󾪣æһЦ⣬еԼȴֲ֪θıԼĴ
ǰЦˣ
˵Ǻ˻ĥ䣬ͬһͷҡβСè
ˣǲǶϷ
Ц
²ң
񾪿ֵ˵
㵱ţϷ˫ޣԸ⣿
˶ֳаЦ⡣
Ѿߵһ˿ԣǱԷҪҲֻܵͷǡ
ĵӣ̬
ţŭȴ޿κΣ˵ķŭ
ϷˣսϷ򣡡
˵Цûнţ
ӣñԿ
һ̾Ϣ󣬳ڿС
磡
ţдϲ̲ס
ɫ䣬һ֣ҪţΪʣȴԼȻѾʧȥ˶ţƿء
ٳţв٣뷨ֻϧ޷ʵʩɱ̾
ٴγʱȻ鴫ʵԼ֮ϡ
ѾѸٵ̽鷽Բ֮ڣȥûзκϢƾһ㣬˱֪Ϊɲ⡣
б¾ͳ͵͵ʲôӢۺú
˼
ɽѣ㺦ô
˷𣬸ڴһ翵ĸо
иΪţɵϷδƽô֪Ϸ֣
ɽ¼Ķӵߵɷÿʮ屶ʵųɽ¼еĶҲɽ¼˼һҪĵλ
˵ȴȻŶɽѵǿѹС
ɽѵɴ˫ۣ֪Է֪ԼأϢˮҲ֪ε֪أ
Ҳ˼һǵߣµĸģбݣ
ɽѹ˵ѾɶԷɽ¼ĵж֮һ
׳հǾ֮ˣô˼һǵߣԴİ׳գƾͷôܺųɽ¼أЦүˣ
ţԼǿʧˣҲµԵʣʱһҲɽѡ
쵰ͱ죡
ɽѴŭһֻһɷ衣
쵰Ÿñ죡ү˵ˣôүô
ţЦͬûɽѷ

ɽŭˣ͵ļɽ㳯ţնһ
磬
ţкȴ治ɫֱԷĽ
ۣ
ɽѾȵǣԼĽڹţ֮ѾʧӰ١
ԭ޷˵ң
ţаϲΪŵ˵ɽСүүţɱɱүүͱ˵󻰡
ɷϷ򣡡
ɽѴŭٴιţһμʹȫɵǽӽԷʱͻȻһɸΪӴˡ
ʲôѵĽҲ𣿡
ɽоޱȣ֪Լĸˡ
̫ˣ˲үү
ţ̾к޲ýǰɽʬΡ
ɽҡͷʱѾǸԷʱΪԼ޷ԸǸĳ֡
ֵܣģһУһİ㻹С˼һǹоŮˣжŮһУ㶼ӱ
԰ο
ԣɽȫɵˣû뵽Լָƣ֪ԼΪ츳ԼŮˣŮҲһ̫ˡ
ɽк޵ҧгݣⲻĻΪԼԽںԷûвǶԼûаôġ
磬ͰһѣɽСҪٱҴʹ࣡ĶӣǵԪ֮塣ŮŮߣҪ֮֮


1465 
ţǺˬ֮ˣȴûб෴ıţԣû̫Ѷȡ
ҵȻ㣡˵СӵļŮˣò绨ŮǺųɽ¼𻨣
͸еЦ⣬ţҲ̲סһٺٵЦ
ɽд󾪣ԸöԷȥ۸ԼŮŮ
ЩɵļһвϷϷŮŮ˼һǡ˼һǵĸƾǶˣ˺֮еκˣ
ɽӲȴǷǳģΪΪƺɲ⡣
˼һǣٳҪڣ
˵֮ʱѾֳȻţһɷΧڣ
磬ʲôʱģ
ţЦʵ
Ҹһأˣôܵɽһȥˣ
˻ԣȻԼҲ㹻ڵģʱҪ˵Լ˺ܾãֻ»ţԼ
Ŷԭˣ
ţͷһۡ
٣ǱȲվһģ죡
ͻȻʹļ׵˵ٶȳȥ
ߣ
ţֻһȴδ˵ʲô
վǾ֮ˣǰ˴󣬱Ҳ׷ˡͶҪġ
Ц˵Ѿˡ
٣ңҲǱȵģ
ͻȻеѾµʵҪǿɽѣԼ˴վ˶ӣ϶ɡ
ˮ˴ʱҲٴηѵ˼ˣȴԼղ̫ˣй¶˵ߵݣͶֻ»ᱻԷɱ
ɵ̰СˣҪɱ㣡
ţͻȻ˵ɱĿⶢų
д󾪣ԼԶԶţĶ֣ҪɱԼûԼûаʤ㡣
٣ңӦ˲ɱҵģ
ֵĽе
ǴӦ˲ɱ㣬ҿɲܱ֤ţҲɱ㣡ȻҪɱ㣬ǾһɱɣнҲС
΢Ц˵ʵԤţɱ
ɵˣʱ޲ٴѱ䣬ɻûüѡֻһǿѹԼס
ţɷ£ûа㻹֮ԷѹѾ޷
ţ磬Ҫɱң֪ˣ
ֵĵ
ߣ޳Сˣûֵܣȥɣ
ţԥһն
ҽһ屻ţһɱˣȻԪ֮Ҳûţѹ
ţʹһɻ˳ȻԪ֮˸С
ϤһĻЦˣѹţΪѸ٣ԭѧԼڵ֮
˾ĿһУ˫ðֵĹâֻǿбоһֱܵľ֡
ˮ쵰磬ɱ
ţˮ˵
û⣡
ȻһЦһ֣ˮ˵ɼĳȥ
ϣȾң
ˮ˾ȵ
Ȼȴһжʵ
ͻȻˮȥֻǻζƣˮ˵ĵ֮㿪һ޴Ŀ
ˮģԪ֮Ѿս壬ˮ˵Ҳڴʱ͵ըѡ
ţǸŮôأ
ɫƽʵ
ң˾ݣɱ⣡
ţ˵ȴ͸ޱȵļᶨ
Ŷˣ
׼֮ʣɽȴ͵ʧڿУеҲͬʱֵļ
ɽѿ־ûݣȻǰȴǾԲʵֵ顣
ӵߵɷɽѣ츳Ѿ൱ˣԪ֮壬ûκɷŹ
ಣ
ҲʧڿУ˲䣬ɽͻȻֵĿɿڴֻͻȻ޷ˣԭĶҲѾˡ
ôܣȻӵжҵľʵǾŵɷҲԶγɾʵ
ɽֲ⣬ΪԼ츳ǿȻߵɷȴҲڼռǿĵλ
ţֻɽͻȻֳΣҲ˲ߡ
ţ𾪵鷢ˣȴһɽѵ죬ͬһֻ㷵أɽһıŷء
ţڸղҲɽѵĵϸߵɷÿɷﵽʮ屶츳ǿǰȴûа㷴֮
磬㡭㻹𣿡
ţͰ͵˵ǾȣҲΪǿʵ˷ܲѡ
ɽѾͬһξһ㣬û˲Ѵ֮ͿԴԼ
΢΢һЦҲشţֻ˵ţղܵίһӱĳ
л磡ɽСϾҪˣŮǿȥ۸أ֪Ϣ᲻Ŀأ


1466 
ţһЦ˵
ɽһеĺЩ˵ĺǲǾߣôֵ°ܻ飡
˭˵߾Ͳ°ܻ飿ôҵģҲӱˣ԰ȥˣ󣬻Ὣһһɱģ
ţݺݵ˵׶ıɽѵƵٱ
ҪҪ
ɽѴʱᵽţղŵĸоȻţղŵĸоҪΪʹ֡
ɫƽʮֵɱɽѵ壬Ȼ㽫Ԫ֮֮С
ղſһɽѣʱͻɢˣţоͬһֵΡ
ţ磬ԭҰɣҴˣشҲģǣһжΪҸ磡ΪֻԼſԾڣҴˣĴˣɱҰɣܹ£ҾԲü
һݵ˵ѾɫսףǡÿڵǰĴɫ
ţԭЦ͵һݣĻǲıƺԵøˡ
˾ɫˣǴ˿ɱˣȴ˾ź
Ϊ˾űҵģ
ţ˲䣬Ȼ󿪿ʵ
ǵģΪԵʣǾԲᱳţġ
һ˵
ɫƽ֪±ԼɱԲȥţԭ¡
ļˣɱ˶Ǳˣ
аȴû˵ΪţľǽΪá
磬Ҹô죿
ţЦѯ
ôô죡
Ļشţ㶡
ţ磬ϣǿԻصǰһ·ϳչˣһֱ뱨㣬ȴûᣡ㲻ԥˣɱҰɣ
ɫµ˵˫пƼᶨޱȡ
Ҫɱ㣿
ţЦʵ
ǧȷɱңҲûȥ
һһٵ˵
ţ̾һеķɽѾĲϣֻҪһȥɱ塣
ڿУȴĿӣͬ˵һ㣬ġ
һԣѾ͸˼ԼԹ壬ͨʱĹ۲죬Ͷ˶ۡ
ţ磬㲻ɱ𣿿ǣ㲻ɱңҲû㣡ԭ𣿡
̽ԵʵиͲʱΪţԼһ
ɱɱһΪҪԭ㣿
ţ˵䣬еķɽ͵ķ

񾪽һٴšһţԶԶûǰ˵ü
㾹Ȼɱңḷ́
Ƶʵ
ಣ
ţһ֣һŻѾԪ֮Χ
һнȡ˵ȿɾɻ
ţᣬһĨ̵Ц⡣

񾪿ֵļһȫû뵽ţʱȻֵ˲пᡣ
Ҳ¶֮ɫȴǿЦҡҡͷţҲ̫˰ɣϾйͬѰĹϵʱȻܺԪ֮壬һĳġ
ţ˴ˣԪ֮壬ջӰ쵽磬Źɣһ¿ʼĻᡣ
Ϊţǳѵ
ˣȻΪ飬ҾͷһΣɼסˣԺúúˣԲ̰㱳˾ݣһԶ޷ԭµġһԪ֮壬ؾ֮㽫¿ʼĻᣡϣΪ֮
ţ̾һϵͻȻʧӰ٣һ͵Ц⡣
л٣лţ粻ɱ֪֮ˣлޣһǶλĻԲᱳѾݡ
ͬǳ֮⣬ʱ˿̣еĻں֮ȴҲ֪Ҳ޷صȥ
лңţľûҵĻֻһڣѵţǸʲô𣿡
΢Ц˵һֶϤһеǸо
֪ߣҲ㻹ʲôҪ˵
ţѾ񵱳һϤİˣˣԭиҲڴʱɢ
ţϿκζԼĶи飬вɰʱԷлڸ֮ġ
ţ磬ҶԲ㣡ԭ˵²˵źϣҸ꣬ؾݣСŮӲʤм
Ԫ֮ûΣţ𾴵ڡ
дģȴܼҪ磬ֻ쵽
ţҡҡͷȻ
ٰҸ磬СŮԸţٵĶ飡
񼤶ߵ׵
оȸ֮ģܼһȻ磡
΢ЦŴӦϲӣߵס
֪ˣαص
ţͻȻֳһöɫĽָָ͵ķһâԪ֮סҲ֪ԼýԼĵط


1467 
ţڸ˰ɣɽ磬թԶǱ濴ȥô򵥡˷ˣһǵļһǽͷݱ㣬ĸ飬ն˰ɣ
ип˵ţҲͷ
磬һ˳ôãԭΪӦп磬ΪҵһȺҪõѣǣ޷ܵΣյʱҲŷ֣νֻһЦĸҲһաһΣ֣ӣ
ţЦҡͷ̾
Ҳڤڤ֮бѾעģ˵ʵ̫ɣֻŴƬû뵽㣡Ҳźˣ֪ѰЩֵõˣչסġΣ㻹ֵܣԶǺֵܣѣв
Ȼ˵бԼһ飬оͬڤڤ֮бѾעһ㡣
ڤڤ֮ţڴ˵Ϊһ漣ɺϣҲ˵
ţһЦ⣬ЦЩɵҲЩȴЦۿʪˡ
磬ǻֻص˴ǰӣָˣڣȥ𣿡
ţЦʵ
ЩӲ㺦ҵֵܣǼңȥҪˣǾǺ°ɣ򣬾ֻһ̸ˣڵǾԪ֮廹ûϰɣ磬ɣȥ˼һǣ
ֻһ۱翴ţеȫܡ
ţͷȻ㿪ʼϥרעɣʱҲ΢Цı۾óûոɵԪ֮壬ҽɵȥ
֮ţ˫ۣоâҫڵԪ֮󣬸оڵﵽһµ۷ֵţҲΪ˷ܡ
ţո˫ʱ΢ЦԶ
ţ֮ԽԽǿ츳Ҳ֮Ȼ²ɹ̰Ҫɵļֵ
عͷţѵ
ǣ磡
ţΪͬΪǰ·ϣԼĳһʱ̫Ƶ߻ħΣա
ˣ磬ڱǰ˼һ𣿡
ţЦʵʱһоȻκο־֮С
ţܸܵ⴦ɽȵı仯𣿡
˻һţ㿪ʼɽȵ
ɽȻһǰڵҹżҰ޵ĺ˷
ţ˫ĿɵĴ͸ҹԿɽ֮⣬ʱ´̽һȴûпκ쳣
ˣΧ󷨣⴦ϹҲǿĽƣǱҪȽĵˣǰ˼һǡ
ţ˼˵
ǰɣĿ֮ˣ֪ﱻõʲô𣿡
ЩţĻشΪΧǵĸãţӦÿκ
ٺ٣֪ʲôֻǣһʣұµΧ㲻Աûɣ
ţĻشԭȻɵģɾһɾȻҲɶˡ
ɣɽ֮⣬һʮߣӣŮӣʮ֮УҲӵߵɷǿ֮ˣӦûӵоŵɷߡ
ǲõҪʮתûв´Ӧúųơʮɱ󡯣˵ǳǿ󣬿ʮ˵ɱӣ⡮ʮɱ󡯲ǿ˵ĹͬҲͨ󷨵ʵֹͬͼ
ţһһ㶵ģû뵽ȻӵǿʶԶϤɽһС
ŵɷĸ֣磬аնԸ𣿡
ţЩǵʵ
Ǻǣûаգǲ󷨣ʮ˵ʵ̫ˣǲ󷨣һǾǺڵΪȥԸûɷߣս𣿡
Цʵ仰ţһ£ȵ֮⣬ţ¶˾ϲЦ⡣
磬˵Щˣһ޷Ըսʱǲǻ鷳ҽɣ
ţϵЦתΪЦʱȻЩʧ䡣
ţѵ뿴ôЩ𣿡
Ȼ밡
ͱģʹñ츳仯ΪƴСˣȻվҵļϣαס㣬԰Ĺս
Ц
ţдϲ仯ΪƴСŷɵļͷ
΢΢һЦȻſʼ˫֣һѾɵɽϿա
ǣ͵͵Ĳ󷨣һϲЩ˵Ĺ𣿡
ڿУ˵
ɽ֮ڴʱͻȻ˱仯ԭɽһ˲䱻һǿɱ֮ơ
һʱ䣬ɽзɳʯƱãǺҹҲƺԵɲ
ɽ֮УҽڶĶ˲ԱЩһеҲ׷ڴʱܵɽеɱ֮


1468 
ɽ֮УߵҲ٣Ϊͼ֮Ҳ˽Ŀ˼һǡ
ɽûκεĻӦеȴɽвϼǿɱ֮⣬ɽȵʮλɱ֮Ʋϵǿɽ֮еҲ׷װϣв򽥽ɱ֮
ɱ֮磬ҵΪɱ֮Ҳֵˣ
ţЦ֪ⱣԼ޷ɱ±ġ
ţĪҪԷƱһ룬Щ˶˶꣬Ҹұ֤ʮ֮УһǧģǲܵģҲǶϣ㣬ǵİٷ֮һʱ䣡˵츳ҪԶǰٱڵ츳ò˶ãᷢʵС
ĵĽ͵һЦ⡣
İοţˣΪԽʵǸԼһʱ䣬ԼҲЩ˵ʵǿһٱ
磬ôһ仰Ҳ˵Ѿʼ¾ɽеߣĪʾ
ţʵ
жʱʤǧѾˡʮɱ󡯣ͱ̬ȣҲǲм˵ɣע⵽⡮ʮɱ󡯵ı仯𣿡
΢Ц˵
ţ۲ΧɽȣͻȻɽȵƺˣЩߵɽеɱ֮ҲԽԽǿ
磬ɱԽԽǿˣУɽȵѹˣ
ţ˵Լ۲쵽
Ҳɽȵˣ⡮ʮɱڽѹʮɱһ󷨣ںԶĵطʩչȻ󷨿ԽԽСԽԽǿʱǿǧ֮Ⲽõ󷨣˼ʱƵ˴ǶҲͦӵġ
šʮɱ󡯵ı仯зһڴڴ󷨱Լ̫ʧˡ
Ŷˣ⡮ʮɱСһСķΧʱǱֱǣˣȫǲ󷨣ռ˱ˣңҾͲǲִĻᣡ
ţ
ռΣһȺӣҪɱǣɱһȺҲţţһ֤㿴ôġ
ڿУޱȣ˫֮ǵЦ⡣
ãĿԴ
ţ˵
ԼĪʱ֮ɽ֮Ѿ죬ЩɽеѾʮɱȫ塣
šʮɱԽԽСѾԿʮ˵ĳ࣬ʮ˷ֱڿУϱһɫĺɫ֡
һĶͻȻ㷢һĿЦ߿Ц֮ΧҲͬʱЦ
ʮͬʱЦʱʮɱҲеɱ֮ڿлԾ
ȴǰȻڡʮɱУһҲûܵ󷨵İӰ졣
һָ룬һ̽ԷɽָȻһߴĻ
磬ǲ
ţɻʵ
ǣֻ˵
ЦŻش
ʱһŮͻȻڣ¾ԣķߵĻ
ľӣǲ֪Ȼҵ˼һҰȺ쵰ΪԼΪӦеĴۣ׼˼һǳǵаɣʶʱڱ㷢ͶѡЧұϣϾͻһ
Ůӵķǡôŵˡ
ʱҲЩΪǰӦԭֻһ룡
磬ҪͶΰ
ţЦʱһҲоκΣգΪһ̬ǿڴˡ
ŮĶһϵţǳһ˿ӵЦ⡣
췭룡
ĺȵǻŮŹŵȻţĻ˵ԡ
ľӣǸûĴϿǾŵɷߣǱһҲ׵ɱǣοһʮӵоŵɷأԣˣϿͶ⽫ΨһĻ·
߹ЦһƣһȲʤȯĸо
ŮаЦΪԼֻӵߵɷԼһľŵɷĸֻֽˣˣֻӵа˵ɷ
ţԷķһ𾪣Ϊӵоŵɷĸɵġʮɱ󡯣ǷͬСɡ
αƣʮ֮УгŵɷߡοȫǾŵɷߣҲ޾ǣˣٿǹǻ᲼áʮɱ󡯵ģֻϧǶ⡮ʮɱ󡯵̫ˣóġʮɱ󡯼ֱһǿ󷨣磬һͶڱ٣Ҳǲ
е˵ǰȻĸַҲöԷʮޱȡ
ɽ¾дԼɲСƶһҲܾۼ˶ĸáʮɱԸ
һΣߺճɽ¼ʧأжڲǰ˶ԷУɽ¾ŭޱȣعǰԸ


1469 
ܺãȻѰϱȫ㣬סˣϵֽɽ裡
ɽȵ
Ϸʯӣʯӣǧǣ
ϷĹâ
˸ԱţһԿ˵ƺսûʼʤѶ
پţҲҲǺǵĴ˭ɱĶ֪
һҲڶԷʮˡ
ѹ
ɽһ£˷׷Цʩչѹ
޷˵ѹǿ˵
ǾͷųѹϵЦԭЩ˵츳ԼĻҪ
Ŀϣһϸһֵߣһɽ衣
ԭֻŵɷߣ
Ц˵
仰ʮͬʱ¶֮ɫɽҲĻȻһʮصܡ
Ҫ񣡡
ɽʾĺȵȻ͵ɢƣһʱĴ
Ŷǻ磬һóȫưɣٿȫˣ
Ȼڴʱ˸ģţļĪԷʮ
ǰʮҲ֪ʵǿ󣬿ȴû뵽Ȼӵоŵɷߣ츳Ҳ岻𾪣Ϊڡʮɱжʮ˵ѹ
ɽ¾Ѿʹ˰˳ƣȴԼһʮ֣ȴޱȣ⡮ʮɱ󡯽ֻǰ衣
صǰȽҪľھʹȫʵɣӼȥˣҪʩչѹ֪ǵߵ
ɽ¾ȵԶȶ˵
һ߶Ծߵսʮ˶һ˵սˣɽһԿ
磬Сһ㣡ʮֱɣһΣʧΪݶս
ţжʮģʱȻѵ
ţ㽫ķſһжȹģһԵӣôܻ᲻СأƾǶôɣҲ޾֮Уţھǰɣ
ȻȴųѤõЦ⣬ԵֻǸƶѡ
ǻŮӽ˵Ļ﷭ȥʮͬʱŭһɷɱ͵гɱӡ
ɽ¾ѾƷޣʮ츳ŵɷںȫʩΪ˵ƣ⡮ʮɱеѹѾﵽһȫµĶ塣
һѹˣǻ̫ˣ
Ц˫ɢáʮɱ󡯵ʮ˲㵱ɱ
ʲôˣѵ츳һҪǿܶࣿǣʮڡʮɱɢƣﵽʮ츳ľŵɷҲ޷ֵ⵽ô£
ɽ¾ѾϵĺɫսĵĹâҲʹǿѹȻȴһЦ⡣
Ůӿûɽ¾ʻֲֻǵЦţݵʮ˸ܵ޴ѹ
ţѾƳʮ˱Լȴػ²δܵѹ
磬Ҳֻ㣬ܾ߱˱̬츳ʮ˵ƶ޿κΣҲֻһ;
ţһЦ̾⻰ǻŮӷȥʮͬʱɫ󾪣һͬŹ
£㵽״ﵽʲô츳ɸ˵
ɽ¾⼤
һܣ˵Ƕ֪˼һǻжӵоŵɷĸ֣һΣ޶սԣҶĺʧ
ʼȻûܵʮɱ󡯵ǿѹ
ʮ˵ƲҲӦ֮ƵĿѾﵽ˿ĵزˣƾԷʮʹôҲӦԡ
δʹһʵȴѾסʮǿѹ
ɽ¾ɫɺתΪ԰ףʱ֪츳׵ĸ֣򣬵ƾԼһ˱Դܶ֡
ʮٴһҧɽ峤Էʵ̫ǿҵû񣬴սذܣ磬ʹһаɣ
⼸˷׷׸飬Ȼɽ¾ȴòһ˫С۾գţƺ⡣
һУʲôأ
вЩڴ¶һĨЦ⣬ƾԷʩչԼŹǣˣǵֻѡ
ɽ峤ϣʱȥҷûаô
һ˼ݵ岻ϵ²š
һ˿ʼߴ٣ɽ¾ϵıˣڴʱԺͻȻһ˿رļ䡣
ţҪɱˣ˻ѡȼԪ㿴ƺʹһУԪԱǿٵȼԪԵɱЩȼԪһʵ


1470 
ЦŽ͵
ô̬ߣ˼׼Ϊ飬ΪȫˣǿһҪСˣҵߵԪԱһΣҷռƣȴûܿǵԪ֮壬һ㱻ɱ塣
ţԼľѵ
ɽ¾кܾᣬʹԼΪʲôҪǰǰΪɽ¼ĸ˲أɽ¼ĶҲڲǰɥС
ĿǰԼΪɽ¼峤Ҳڴ˴սɽ¼㽫˶˥ȥ
ǣǴʱʹȼԪ֮ľУԼʮ˱ذɣһʧܵĽҲɽ¾޷ܵġ
ŮӲŷĻɽ¾͵һԭԷȻµԼȼԪ֮ͼ
Ǻηʥ
ɽ¾Цʱ˴ߴˣɽ峤˼һǵ棬ᣬɽ¼Ѹپϣ
ԣɽ¾͵Ĵһ˿֮ɫΧ˽һϲһΣлܾˡ
磬Сģ
ţ˵ΪΧѾͬʱʼȼԪֱ̬֮

ӦһȴǰãԷʮ˿ԼĲˣǵԪ֮ȼˣԼ͡
ӦʱͻɱأǸþ䣬ǵԪ֮ȼϣ
ͻȻԥΪ²ֻһѡǽɱȻȼյԪ֮ӡ⡮ʮɱУԼҲԻø
һ˲ԥѾܵˡʮɱ󡯵ľ޴ѹ
ȥɣӣ
ɽ¾еķɽƾðӿĺɫâȻһնм
Ҳͬʱʮͬʱ󷨵ļӳ˵γɵƣţܵŨŨϢ
ʮַһֻһƬ⽫͵ĽΪ飬ǿĽγһת
һ
ɽ¾辪е˫۵ɵͻȻޱȣ֪ԷʵôֺαȼԪ֮أ
ʮɱУֻʣŰתƺѾ˲ΪǧƬԪ֮Ҳڴʱʧȥ˴ڵļ
˷׷Ȼɽ¾裬Ȼɽ¾ͬһȻɫ
ǧҪ⣡ô򵥵ı㱻ҵɱ
ɽ¾عѵ
˼Ⱦϲһסе˷ܣķǿ״̬
һӺ˷֡ʮɱѾտҲǶƺڸղŵһ
ɽ¾ɵˣԲŵ̽顮ʮɱеһһǡʮɱнʣ½Ƕ˵򲻸ڡ
ѵĲһ
ɽ¾費ò뵽ȴ˷׷¶ϲɫǻŮѾļ
ɽ峤ӮˣǴǿľߣ
Ů˷Ī
ɽ峤ǲǿֹͣȼԪ֮ˣ
ʵ
ɽ¾д󾪣æ˵죬ҿֹͣȼԪήΪȴҲ𣡡
ʮֹͣȼԪһȴͬʱ¶ЦΪɲͣͣģͣԪ֮廹ǴȼУҪͣҪʱ䡣
һ˵Ԫ֮峹ֹͣȼպΪ½Ƶԭڡ
ľߣⲻ˷ǵû뵽Ǹһƺȴ˲
һ±˵Ĺһʱ䣬һƬ
𣿡
ɽ¾ʣǱһɴ⣡ΪƻҲûά֡ʮɱ󡯣ȷûΣˣſֹͣ󷨡
ͬʱŵһʱ䣬ʮȫȼոֻڿΧһԲȦһϽв֮ɫ
ţʮ˲Զĵطʮκη
һʹԣҲˣǣôӡʮɱжݳأܽ磿
ţĶ࣬ȴ֪ʱ˵ʱ
ڿУЩ˾ϲŭвɰЦ
ǲǵԪ֮ȫȼգ⽫ҵľ޴ʧ
аȻ͵šʮɱɶݣǣһɿֲİɫڿγһԲȦ
ʲô
ɽ¾辪еתͷǿеİɫ档
ɫɫںڰ˵ҫһһƬɫǽǽȼ˵ͷϣҲڿɫİΧ֮С
ҲҪסλãһǶԷҵȵֶΣɾţ
ɽ¾˵ȻȴȾΪǰɫ濴˵Ŀֲ
ţ㿴ɱЩһģ
˵˶ʱһΪڸ
ŮӴʧɫ׼ĻͻȻòһʹһɿֲĽȻ˲նԼͷ­


1471 
ɱ֮죬Ȼ֮ʱŮӷԼٴһʹԪ֮徹ȻҲһֻεץסˡ
ţֻȥнһɱ˻ŮӣԪ֮ƺԶС
𾪵ɱ
ţ˵
ɱ
űɽͬʱϮţҲһʱ֪ԼöԷ֪λá
Ǻ𣿡
ɵĶ˵Ĺ
˵ޱȣ뵽ԷԶݳʮɱ󡯣ˣԷȻһ˲ɱһˡ
죬ȼԪ֮壡
ɽ¾ʱ޷̽鵽Σбܵĸо־Ī
˷׷߶ڵԪ֮ȼգ£ǹǷֹһΡ
ǣ⡮ʮɱʧһ˺ǰΪε޷̽鵽ϢΪڡʮɱУɽ¾һ˿ɱ֮ģȴɱֶ֮Ρ
Ǻˣҿˣ
ţһο˵һڱΪ˶Էֹ
ֻ˲ƱԶ˵ĹڶҲҪɱˣ˭أ
ʱĻӵǿʣµľ޲д󾪣Ψֳһɱ֮ˡ
˴ʱķѾɢʹǿķʽеͬʱԷ
ಣ
ѡһӵа˵ɷߣ˲䣬ͬɵɱ˶ԷΪڴʱռεƣռžơ
һĹѾʧ˶ˣȻеľ֡
ɵľߣб³һս
ɽ¾ʱҲѱֻܿͬһ£ָоʮʹġ
һϣսһ޷ʹսһûʼѾ˾ս
˵αأ
Ц˵ɽ¾ŷַѾɱˣвɸΪ֡
ҲҪţһ˷ˣ
ɽ¾֪Է޷ԼԣǱ
˸ԾĪʱ׷׵ͷͬɽ¾顣
ţ׼ܣ
͸Ц⡣
ӣأôԷɳģҲð
ţѧˣ֪ʤȯգԷ㲻ܡ
ɽ¾ʱ˵ͬʱ˷ɶݶȥȻ˵ķɶ˲䶼û

ɽ¾Ǳӻԭأϵսײ㱻ǰɫȫˣеǾδ
ݵĽִͬС죬ȴһΪùһҪ˲ƳȥȴǱǰɫ壬Ԫ֮Ҳ㱻ɫɡ
ưɫԪ֮壬ֻѾˡ
һԪ֮ڰɫţҳӽΪղŵļѾʧȥ塣
ˣ
ţЦ
ɽ¾е𺳿֪ʱԼ˱ˣԷ츳ԶԶԼһأҲʩչǿĻ
ƴˣԪԱ
һŭѾʧȥƵ״̬С
Ҫ嶯ҲҪɱ˶Է
ɽ¾ǣĺȴ̫ˣΪѾʩչԪԱ
˽ޱȣȴֲûеԪԱߴʱɴ˫ۣһŵı飬ţΪʲôΪʲô޷ԪԱ
˻һɽ¾赱ŵĻһ˫۵һǰɫ棬ѾµɫĪĹϵ
ˣս޷ս޷ӣ޷ƿأ
ɽ¾мˣʱ˿̣Ѿ֪Լɡ
ǰɷһ·
ɽ¾蹧˵ԷԼԣе
ţ˵ҪͶˣ
Ц
磬ԭǵԣ
ţ𾪵ʵ
Ȼ
Ļţ󾪣Ƶʵǣ㲻Ǹոյִôǵԣ
Ӧڴмɣ
㳶һɣţԾɣүΪʲôҾûдмأ
ֲߣôдм䣿
Ц
ţЦҡҡͷȻǾ߱屾ģʱǶ
ɽ¾軹ģֲԣޱȡ
ţҿɲǼȥˣڱʰ⼸ˣ
зŨŨɱ⣬һʱһ߱ɱ

˷׷׷ļȴһһıɱ
ÿһˣ˵Ŀ־һ֣Щ˶ɵˣ
ֻʣʱҲȻΪҪɱŵɷߣеѶȱ˲١
ɽ¾ƵĻŷɽ˷նҲˣ˾ͬɱһ㡣
ʮɷ츳ߣȼԪ֮Ҳᳬʮ츳
Լɷ츳ӽʮǶȫγ˾ơ


1472 
ֻʣɽ¾һʱѾˣһһЦģͬһһ㡣
Լ䣬ɽ¾Ѿģ̽鵽Σֻǲֳѡ
ɽ¾ȫҫ۵Ļ֮УǵʩչĻ棬ɽ¾Ԫ֮ȼյٶʱ߱Ļâ
ʮɱ󡯴ʱҲѾڣɽ¾ͬӰʱʱЦ
Ҳδϵ߶ȼԪ֮ı̬ʱѾоɽ¾ʵѾȷ˽һ
ʮ츳ȼԪ֮壬Ҳﵽʮҵʵα츳ңʱҲһսʵʩչ˻ߵĿԡ
зţҪɱԷǷǳѶȵġ
磬Ѿˣɣ
ţЦ
ţϸ۲һķˣǾԻ᲻һġҵоƴװɵǹΪ֮ڵȻ͵ϮҰɣ

ǣǸ̽鲻𣿡
ţȵʵ
һʱһʱȼԪ֮һʶʵҲڷʱѾﵽȼԪ֮ʵȻп̽鵽ǵĴڣ
͵
ŶԭˣҾ˵⵺ʮֵĽƻգһСľͻǵĵ
ţµ˵лԼսĶ࣬ţսҪӽռƵ¡
ಣ
һȻֱӳɽ¾ǰһʵɽ¾ĿȻ֮
ɽ¾һֱڵȴȴ͵ϮĻᣬȴôû뵽ֱӳԼǰ
ɣǿʸ뱾һսˣ
Ц˵˵ǵԡ
ԭ˵ԣ̫ˣ
ɽ¾յĺ
۱ɣԶ㣡ղѾ̽鵽ٵ˰ɣȻװɵǲ͵Ϯ٣
һɽ¾סˡ
Ƶģɽ¾оϢľʱò˼Լްʤ㡣
ͻȻʲôĿģѵΪһս𣿡
ɽ¾зţеķɽѾʼ
лһսΣһսĻᣡ
ɽ¾мԼսڴʱҲ
Ѿȫƿ˾ƣǿĻΧ£ԷǲѷɣʱԷȼȫԪ֮սԼҲȻռϷ硣
⣬ԷԪ֮ȼմȼյȻڻΧУΪˣûκεĺ֮ǡ
ӣɣķɽɣ
΢Ц˵һҲûɽ¾
磬ɱ˽һסҿɵĵסӵĽ
ţѵǿߣȻЩ塣
ģڣ˵ģ
ŵ˵
ɽ¾еսѾﵽ˶壬ʱܶԷıӣһеķɽѾն
ţ𾪵ȻһֳֽûܣƾԷĿֲϮ
ɽ¾зݣӳƽһһĽΧĿĲϷ
˲Ϯ壬Ƿɽ֮ʱͻȻֳһ׽ɫսףսױ֮ս׸Ϊǿ󣬾õķ
ţԼҲ˽ɫսУԼսȴ͸ģԼȻĿɽ¾ݡ
һ֮£ȻԭأϵĽɫսһ˿۶û֣Ҳаϲû뵽ԼķȻٴˡ
ͬ߹ɵս׿׵ĵֵȻǰɽ¾ʵȴѷɫԼ٣ˣ޷Լս׵ķ
΢Цʱɽ¾ȴԼǿĽʮ֮ң
㣬㡣
ɽ¾Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣǽɸֳһĨ˵Ѫ
Σɽ¾趼û뵽ԼȼԪ״̬£ԷƾԼĽ
̫̬ˣֱͲˣ
ɽ¾ĺ
Ԫ֮ļȼգɽ¾跢Լڼ٣һɽ¾輸Ҫˡ
ɱ
ɽ¾ξȻڿ˲ˣҪĹԷɽʵչ
ֻҡҡͷʱһ¡ɽ¾ٴαɳȥ
磬ҲĵˣҴû˭츳ı̬
ţд̾˵Ѿڲ֮أɽ¾޷ߣ޷ʩչԪԱв˵ɽ¾Ѿɽˮĵز
ɽ¾Ķˣдδ˿־壬Ҳδ˵ķŭ
ƴˣ
ɽ¾εıͽ͵Ĺ
ɽ¾ʱʵûʲôоƾҲֻһǾ


1473 
Сʱɽ¾ʵѾ½һϣԪ֮ȼգɽ¾ҲƵ
Ը鱣ɽ¼壬˼һǣ
ɽ¾ͻȻڿһ֮ɫȻϵһնԼͷ­
ɽ¾Ԫ֮ʱȥȻҪԪ֮ԵΣֻܿ־
һпԽˣɽ¼군ˣ
ЦһΧİɫͻȻ㿪ʼһᣬɽ¾Ԫ֮㿪ʼ֮
ɽ¾Ԫ֮ʧֻ˻еֻʼһ˵Ԫ֮塣
ɲ̰ɣǽп߻ħĺ
磬ǿɱ˼һ˰ɣ
ţ
ǻԶأԷǽ˼һǡǻ᲻ϧһдɳǡ
˵꣬ţһϹϾԶ
һεɵǰǧ֮ʱڿԳΡ
һĸߴߣһͷĳ裬ϵϴ֮ɫһϮѩ׵ĳۣǿһվǰĵ߸µӡȫͬ
ѣϷ˼һǵѩͳǧɽĺѩ˷üѣʵϷҡ
ǧɽĺѩ΢΢һЦĹʩ
Ŷ
ֻǵĴӦһѾʼ²Էǰͼ
磬ұĺ˴ڣһҲ̫˰ɣ
ţԴЩյıԹ
ţѣϷˣ
ǧɽĺѩٴʩȴǵĵͷʾ⣬Ȼûţһ£ֻѸٵƳһ۶ѡ
磬ӣǲӣʲôģֻҪסǵȥ·ǵĵˡ
ţ˵ʱｫѩǧɽĺѩС
ţ
ЦŵͷѾ΢΢̣峺нɢǿɱ
ѣϷ򲢷ΪУ벻Ҫᣡ
ǧɽĺѩŭû뵽Ǹʵ΢ţȻ
ţΪǧɽĺѩûУ˷кǿϡ
Ȼ뱾ΪУͱ𵲱ٵ·ٹ
ŶԷ˵
ǧɽĺѩɫ䣬û뵽ԷȻԼԽŭһ뵽ԷĳǿʵǱ㰴סŭ
ѣϷǵסȥ·ʵΪ˼һǶһΣ˼һίϷΪмˣѻǰĶԹԹϾԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬͬΪ޵֮ˣΪһС¶ƴһأ֪ΪΣ
ǧɽĺѩȭ˵΢΢ţһȻĴԡ
磬ˣ
ţЦǧɽĺѩ޲ɱţΪǿȴ޼ɵļһ
ǧɽĺѩѾ˵ˣ·߼ΪˣٲٱĪ
صһЦȻ޾ıпᣬԷȰ˵Ļᡣ
ǧɽĺѩд󾪣ǰ׼Թȴû뵽ԷȻţԶƵζ
ɣûˣ
ţЦ̼ǧɽĺѩΪѩͳ죬˺ǳ˼һǵĳҲ˺ǳԼ
дʵ̫ˣƣѵΪϷ㣿
ǧɽĺѩŭɴκεЭ֮һս
ŶȻǱٱȫ㣡
Ц˵ŶԷ翴һһ
ƾоܸܵԷʵԲɽ¾֮£˼ߣԪ֮ҲһǿɶԷԪ֮壬Լĺôʵ̫ˡ
ˣڵΪߣɷŹɶԷԪ֮Ļأ
ǧɽĺѩȻŭȻɫһ˲׾ѾԵЩŤ˫Ŀиɢ׹⡣
СӣѰ·Ϸȫ㣬֪˼һǵʵ
ǧɽĺѩЦͻȻһ׵ķɽɽʽЩŹ֣Ȼͬ䵶һ㡣
ЩҲȫɣڱǰǵĶ̫ˣ
Ȼ˵仰ȴǧɽĺѩˣŶԷȻ̽鵽ѩ岼ǧ֮֮
ô̽鵽ģ
ǧɽĺѩȵʵ
ǵΪ̫£⻹ҪʣĪǣ
аȵЦǧɽĺѩŭ쳣
ߣţţϷ֪ѩ
ǧɽĺѩЦĴ˷ͲϢ
ڴʱͻȻʧˣǧɽĺѩ󾪵ĺˣ˫֮Ĳ
ʲôѵҪɱϷ𣿺ߣδ̫Դˣ
ǧɽĺѩзٵţеķɽգΧʮ֮ڱŷѩ

ǧɽĺѩٴλӳһΧǧɷΧڶʼ´ѩѩ׷ĽΧǧɷΧڵĿռ֡


1474 
ףʲôΪʲôڴʱϷ򣿡
ǧɽĺѩΧĿռȴǻû̽鵽ϢвɸΪɻˡ
ΧһƬţڷѩУǧɽĺѩ̽ŷԲǧɵÿһ΢С仯
ѩѩͳеĲ֮أһѩ֮УǧɽĺѩΨһˡ
ÿռ̽˵ֱʹʶ̽ЧҪԣǧɽĺѩŲ͵Ϯ֮
ȵѩϣѩ峤ϵȫϷϣʱƾʵжôǿϷҲ޾֮С
ǧɽĺѩаʾҲһĨЦݡ
ȻֱƬ֮ûг֣ǧɽĺѩвһѵѾˣ
ͻȻǧɽĺѩ͵ĸоͬشһ㣬ܡ
ãϷ˵ɽ֮ƣ
ǧɽĺѩа˫۵ɵҵĲš
ɵľӣϷһս
ǧɽĺѩſк͵ĳԶУǷԲǧɵѩҲһƶ
ûһҽдȻǧɽĺѩȴǾŭӣΪѾܵµĲ
ѩ֮˼һӵǿǧɽĺѩֱӵĹϵ
ǧɽĺѩΪ˸õĿѩ壬еѩԱԼΪһѩҲͳΪһ飬һнǧɽĺѩƿС
ȻķҲо޴ķգһǧɽĺѩɱѩҲ֮
ǧɽĺѩʹ֮̽ʱѾǧɽĺѩЩ¸ȥ
ţ͵ϮʮˣЩҲʵĸ֣͵Ϯ£Ȼֻһ;
ѩΧǧ֮ڣЩһѾ൱ʵܵһв
ʵӭսѩͳ죬ȻʮɵİսʤֻЩѩ֮ߣԲžǧɽĺѩ¡
Щǧɽĺѩ£ҲѾﵽ˶ɽٳڵΪǧϵʵ㿰ݵһɣˣȲЩ˼ȥҲŹԪ֮Ļᡣ
ھݣڷһɵӣǣﲻǾݣǵɽ磬ɱ¾κι˼ɵġ
ԣͬһλᣬһʵǿ츳̬ĻᣬԴ̤Ƭ죬бйķƻ
ҪɱţⲻǿɱһԭչԣǱΪļжƬ޾ĺ⡣
һһɱ¾ҲһȫԼɱ¾֮ġ
һ󾪺ڿлصţѩԱȫû뵽˻ͻȻɱ󷽣ң˿ɱˣ˾˵ĽûоѾԷɱ
˱ɱ⣬Ԫ֮Ҳ޷ӳԷƿأ㹻ѩԱп־塣
ͳ죬
ͳ죬
һ󾪽ǧɽĺѩĶУǧɽĺѩҪˣÿһµԪ֮屻ɺǧɽĺѩеޱȡ
Ĵͳ˷ɵϷǧɷΧ֮ڣ
ǧɽĺѩܱߵѩĸˣһֱȥǧɡ
һҲӣ
ӿе˷ͬĴѩ˼ȫŵĻɢ
˷׷׳ͳȥⷴȥɱЩˡ
ǰЩ˷ɢţòĴʩչɱڴʱķһ£һʩչɱĻᡣ
ţĿɿڴʱǰĻ棬Ѿ֪ôʵˣһչɱ¾ֱ˼û˿Զɱ¾
ķٶʵ̫죬ţֻͣٵ˲俴ǱɱѩԱڸ£ţֻܿ޾ĽڰĿռ䡣
ǧɽĺѩ˵һ仰ֻһ˲䣬ΧѪӵ׷ױնףˣ˵Ԫ֮Ҳ׷ʧڿС
񰡣ôأ𣿡
ǧɽĺѩ˻ֻһ˲㿴ʮѩӱɱ
ħˣ
һѩڴʱˣƺ˿УȻӵеķɽ˫ֱͷʹ૵
Ŀ־ͬѸٵӣܿˡħۡߣ˲ʮ˿־ĺţȻ˷
ߣɱ⣡
ǧɽĺѩŭȵֻһ䣬Щܵ߾ȻͬʱĲҽУ׷ڿбѣԪ֮Ҳ޷Լķɡ
ҲҲѩٵ״ǧɽĺѩҲ㣬ػѩĵӣȴøɱĻᡣ
ǧɽĺѩŭ֮ûѩˣҲӿɱ¾ٶȣϵѩʧڿС
ʧٶԽ죬һ˲нȫʧڿУǰγɵɱҪѩ塣


1475 
ľӣϷһս
ǧɽĺѩ룬ԽŭɼŭҲ޷ıʱ״
ѩ˸޷ȫִǧɽĺѩķԲǧ֮ڣǧɽĺѩҲͷֱ˵ķ
ǧɽĺѩڿ˲ţѩƵҲԽԽܹǽѩǧɽĺѩĿƷΧڡ
ΪԶԸⲻǸЦѣ
ӿе˷Ѿ˲ƣ˲֮УʹĲֶΣԺΪԴռ䣬Ȼʹʶѩ߶֮С
һУܾûʹˣֻΪʹ֮һγǿЧܾòʹòá
˲֮ȻʩչֻҪʶ֮µߣûжܵʸˣѩ߼˲Ѿȫû
ǧɽĺѩ֪ԼõĺȴԷ𣬶ңԼµٶʵ̫ˣԼ֪롣
ҿϷ򣡡
ǧɽĺѩ뾡ܵػѩĵӣ˱㼫ȥԼֵİѩӡ
˲ʮϢǧɽĺѩѾն˲°ٵеĽȴǧɽĺѩ
ǧɽĺѩȻЩڱ֮Уеκ΢С޷ǧɽĺѩ̽顣
ܹ̽鵽ҲǴǧɽĺѩԵֵסİϮ
ǧɽĺѩֻģ̽鵽˲ƹ켣ÿһնȴһΪˣȻɱ¾ѩĵӡ
ǧѩӣʱֻǧɽĺѩһˣȫϮɹ
ֱʱֳΣһƽݣֻҫɢһɡ
ǧɽĺѩĿɿڴоͬڵѪһ㣬ĳݵʹռǧɽĺѩġ
ϷҪѪծѪ
ǧɽĺѩʧ̬ĺѩͻȻתǧɽĺѩƺƾһֹ
ѪծѪ̸ϣǱɱ¾ǣǰƣԣȫˣҲǾȡңҪ𣬿ҲûǸʵ
Ĵ΢΢̣еЦΪԡ
ǧɽĺѩ͵һʱ˿̣Լʲô𣿵ȥɽ¾裬ΪԼҲ޼ȻڶԷ¡
ʧȥѩӵ֧֣ǧɽĺѩʵѾۿۣԪ֮ķ£ǧɽĺѩʵٴ½
ԭǧɽĺѩʵԶڴ˳£ǧɽĺѩԽĶ֡
˼һǵѩ壬Ҳռ˼һ֮һʵȥѩ壬˼һǵкξ֮У
аţΪ½˲ٵߵԪ֮壬Ԫ֮յļҲԺ
ǧɽĺѩĶһͻȻ粻ͻȻһѪҲ¶־֮ɫ
δսӣⱾսɡ
ǣչֵĳǿʵβǧɽĺѩɵʱԪ֮ķɺǧɽĺѩоԼʵֱ»ʹ˾ŵɷںͣҲ޼¡
ಣ
ǧɽĺѩշɽ˲ƶٶ֮죬Ѿﵽǧɽĺѩʷļٶȡ
ȻҪѰ·Ǳپͳȫ㡣
仰˵ǧɽĺѩѾķɽʮɡ
ԪԱ
ǧɽĺѩĺУȴ˿֮ɫֻһֳֽȻڿС
¶ЦʱǧɽĺѩͻȻԼ޷ʹԪԱֶΡ
ܣ
ǧɽĺѩ𾪵૵еķɽնȻֻǵȻһЦûܶԷĽ
һǧɽĺѩǿ֮ȻֱԼĽ˵ȴԼ
ڴͬʱǧɽĺѩͻȻѩڷٵʧǧɽĺѩҪˡ
ȻǿĻ
ǧɽĺѩ̾ʱҲԼΪʲô޷ԪԱΪԷĻҪԶԶԼġѩ
ǧɽĺѩܱߵѩʧһɿֲ¶Ѿʼǧɽĺѩδƽ
ɵľӣԻ˼һǵġ
ǧɽĺѩĺʱų׶ֵ֮
ߣǰҪӲ
ţߵжǧɽĺѩκκøС
ѩ帲֮գ
Ա˵ǧɽĺѩҲͬһˡ
ǧɽĺѩսţʱѾ֪λشԷĻȻһ޷ݵĿ־塣
ֻʣţ֮ʱΧĿռҲֻʣ±Ϣ
磬ǲǼһߵأ
ţЦʵѾΪİΣģΪԽԽǿ
δأҿûôʱȥҵĶͽܾڲԶĺϵȴһʱ˼һǡǰֻǱӭսԲŸصĻᡣڣǱ֮ɨƽ˼һǡ


1476 
Ļ䣬ٴʧڿС
ţػֻΧһƬޣĿ˲£ţֻа̾ӵеı̬ٶȡ
˲Ƶ;Уʱᴫһҽţ·صߵı
һʱţͻȻǰľڻָ˼һǵĳųǰ
˼һǵĳǽ֮ϣʱѾվߣ˳ʱ˼һǶʱ
˼һǵĳ棬˼һǵɫһĶ
Ϊǰٶʵ̫죬˼һǵ߸û׼ãԣ󲿷ֵ˶ĵеĿ־塣
˼һǣǽ֮ϵ࣬ԣֻں֮ڡ
ڣֻǿٵ̽һеɱҲʼнɢ
Ϊ̫͵ߣеɱ½˺вɸ̾˼һǵߵʵ֮󣬼ֱ֮
ݣûаոҶԿݣΪΪݵݣɽν˲żüã˾ݵһһԪ⣬ҲǸơ
Ȼ˼һǣȴһ֮ԿһǣеĲ
˼һǣţүүˣ
ţΪ⻹ǵһοԺ޹˼ɵ˼һǵĳ⣬ţÿγڴ˵ظеѹǷǳ޴
ţȥ˼һǵһ㶵Ķǰ˵塣
ӣݵò񣡴˼һǣôѰ·
һȫɫ׵ڳ֮ϣȳ˼һǵ߷׷׻
˶ڣ˼һǵ߷׷Ӧسǽĺ٣һʱ䣬ǧͬʱų
ЩҪԵΪҲвԾǧͬʱĳʮ֮׳ۡ
ΪĺĳУ˼һžԵ쵼ãǰЩݵļƻҲ˼һƶģеѾӵ׼չݡ
߶ԾݵּƻѾǧ꣬Ȼǧ֮Уȡõĳɾȴ΢ġ
һΣ׼ģһʱţһɾͨɱ߱㽫ƾͼƣ׼ţ֤־ݵıȻԡ
ֻǣ㲻㣬û˻㵽ţþؼʱ̣ͻȻ˵
Ҳ˼һЩҲ̫ˡ
ִ͸ԵħȻǧ˵ѹ
ڵͬʱŭΪԷǾߣʵôǿȴҲһ֮Կ˼һǡ
ȻЩУ֪飬ɽ¾ѩӵЩҲȫȻ֪
Ҫţ־ܣ򣬱ؽ֮أ
ȫɫ׵ߴͷȵǧ˷׷׶ǰŭЩͬʱĺóǽҲڲţظǷ
˶࣬ǿɶ񣡡
ţвˬ˵ҪԷĻȴ޷ѹƶԷĺ
αһƽϣ
¶һĨЦ⣬ڿжһǰĳǽϵңвɰЦ
ͣ
˫ͻȻҫɫĵâɫâڿн˼һǵ֡
˼һǣ
Ѿͼɴ
߷ĳ˼һǵƴ˲ƣ˲ƶʱǽɫĵâѾ˾ҵı仯
˫з缼ܣⲻֻ嵺ߵĳַʽвǽɫĽֻ⽣ѾΪΣ޷֪ѡ
Ϊ࣬ӿʱʩչֶΣҲһᱻ츳𾪵
νһԪҲûм˿գӿǿν꣬Ҳһʩչνȴνʱǽνõһµļ¡
¡
̽һ˲䷢ֲıըһױȵνڴʱ͵ı
ֹƣ˼һǵĳǽҲ˵νײ
ͻνǼӹ̹ĳǽҲ޷ֵ⽣
˲ƶĵҲνĲʮ˲䱻νɱ
¡ڶҲ˲䱬ѿ˭Ҳû뵽˼һǵĳŻڴʱɻ
һ֮أЩӹһٵĵ߷׷׺ˣû˻ڴʱѡ
˼һǵĳǽǶôһ飬
ţ鲻ԽĿЦ
ʱ˿̣߷׷׳ʯ״̬˶ⲻ˼ֶˡ
ôôǺã
¶־֮ɫ徹Ȼ鲻Խڿ˺ʮɡ


1477 
ţĿЦ⣬Χĵ߾ȻֳһƬţЩղŻӵĵ߼Ĭˡ
ССҲԳΪ˼һǣٸǣ֮һԪڣĵһǡЩһһֱݣȴ̫ˡҰģȴûӦʵӽ쿪ʼҪ֪ߵ˼һǲֻһЦѡ
ԶԶĴ˳ȥҲͬʱһҫķɽС
磬ɱɱЩӣ
ţѾһɷɱ¾УֻйεԼĪ
Ǿ޷˼һȡʤǻߵķ񷴿Ǿ޷ʤ
߼ĺŭֺޣеķɽϵš
Ҫ˼һǣ
֪˭ȵ仰˵ߵĹ
ܺãǾ˼һǰɣٵĿ˼һǲڣڿʼ˵ɱˣɱ񡣡
еɱҲıЩ߼һɸĿͷϵӡ
Ϊ˼һǣɱ
ŭȵһӦĵ߲ɱ
ɱ
ѪĺһȺΪǿĵˣеɱҲѾ޷Ƶĵز
ǽ֮ϣѤõĽһǧ֯ȴ̺Ϣ
һɫĽƾճ֣Щڳǽ֮ʱĲҽа鲼ܡ
һ֮䣬ߵ˱Ѿﵽ֮ڣǸոտʼ
Уǽнĵ߼ȫ𣬲˼һȴиԶ
΢΢һĨЦݸΪѾУεÿһεǰĽ١
˼һǵ߼ѻʯĵֵھʵ֮£ûκһ˿赲ǰ
ɱ޾ʱҲĿαǿĹģʽ
Ѫƽӳ潣νȵȣЩͬʱαʱһеֵĶҲԵġ
ʱ˿̣ǰɱɽ¾裬ǧɽĺѩһҲֻбɱķݡ
ֻǧɽĺѩѩ壬ҲѾ˼һǿߵľ磬ˣɱ¾ͬʱв̫ѹ
һΣƽٶȿ˲ƣٶҲ쵽˼ޣÿһ˲䶼гɰǧĵĽ¡
չֳǿʵ󣬵ڳֱ֮ƣ˼߻ǰеķϵֵ˷׷׳Űȫܡ
ಣ
ٴٶȣڿ˲֮ʱĵͬʱʧԭأЩȫʹ˶
̬츳֮һԼٶȽЩץ䣬ʱóʱʰǡ
һƬŨŨĺ֣ƬŨڶԸаʱոģʱͷų֮󣬺ֵĵطЩ߱ԱɵĶ֮С
Ѫ䣡
һݣӵеѪȺȫɢǣбյЧġѪ䡯ͬʱ˲ʱǿֲεĵ߸еľ
ЩѪ䡯ʮֵļУΪûҪ١Ѫ䡯ЩѪ䡯ôͬΪĶЧ
ѪĹЧͬС죬ǽӴ˺УʶһǿĿ飬ڳõɱ¾Уʶȫ֧żսȥ
ȫһ浹սڣʹνҲԽԽ٣Ϊ޶ٵֵԽ֡
ţƵԼ޷ֲսˣԼ޷ս
˼һˣ
ţп϶
˼ҵһǵȷʵѵʱ̣Ѿȷ˳벿ֶһˡ
Ҳͬʱĵ߿ʼ˷ĳˣˣ˼һǵҲԽԽС
ȡսսԶ룬ϵɣϵĶڵȴһֱάǿˮ׼
ɱ¾һֱڳ˼һǼΪƽأֻҪ֮ʬ״Ǳ˺С
ɱ˼һǵһСٶҲ
޷һߣ˼һǱûΪ˱ȳǸֻҪиڣ˼һǱԻָķ̶ȣⲻֻʱ⡣
ֵ˼һǵһɽʱֻʣ²һǧߡ
дҲû뵽ٶȻ֮죬Լ˼һǾܶĸ֣ȴûдﵽǰļƻ
û뵽߾ȻֵֻһӣôľߣѵҶڵ֮𣿡
дпЦ̤˼һǵһ˲䣬дѾĴ㡣
һˣֻƾһ֮
д󸨵뷨Ҳн𽥸ı䣬ԭеҲĶʧ
˴˼һĸ־ۼأЩһ˼һǵĸɾӢҶڣռ˰֮ڡ
ֵֻƬ̣дһҲû뵽ġ
λ˼һǵ֮սλ˼һǵľӢսʿսʤ˼һȻлָԪһ죬սܣ˼һҲڡ
д󸨼ĶԱϵĶҲǣ˲ٸֵġ
԰һ⣬ڴˣڴˣȻǶ˼һĸ顣
Χ˼һǣԸ˼һǹ
ͬĺ
ڵĴɽҶɽҶڵĺ֮ɽ㱻˼һǿ󷨣ԣд󸨽ս֮ѡ˴˴
Ҷɽڰڰڵ֮Уվɽߣɽ󷨵һ֣մɽ󷨵ʯҶС
һ·ɱ¾ˣķʱѣ߶ԣʱһ˲ѡ
Ǵɽ֮ǰѾ˶˺УȻеҲ
Ҷɽ֮ǰڴһԾֹ״̬Уӽ˼һǵĵһʱ䣬ѾҶɽĴ󲿷ߡ
˼һǣ߼ȫûʵǿӳ죬ǰɽ˼һһĶ֡
Ȼ˼һǣЩǲ񲻿۵ĸ֣УЩ˵ʵ㲻
磬ǰɽЩŹ֡
ţ۾ƵĴɽ鲻Խѵ
ﱻ˲󷨣սƺЩͷˣѹЩһѡ˵أܣţ˼һսֻҪɽߣ˼һǱѾڡ
ͷ˵ʱ鷴ʮֵƽǰɱ¾ȻûжɸӰ졣
Ŷԭˣ磬ǰɣЩ̫ˣȻҽݣα֪ߵ
ţѾƽǰɱ¾ȻţΪȴţиеޱȵļ
һɴδйĿţӿţǰ֮ԿĳޣҲΪ˵شھ֮⣬ô㣬Щ˶壬ھݵ
ЩԶҲ֪ôģֻôʵǧȴһֱɧžߣǿЦ֮첻˼һǣһ죬ǻľɱ˵ء
ڤڤ֮עЩ˻ΪǵΪҲ˳Ӧ⡣
˵ڿУȻźɫǺɫ֮ġѪ䡯
ţ̸֮ʱǰ֮ͻȻߣǵҪʲôѾ˼һǣѵϾɱ𣿡
͸ŷŭ벻ʣȻлĳЭζ
ЦЦǰĴɽȻ޷жɽʹõǺ󷨡
ѧڵŶԾݾ󲿷󷨶ȻģֻȻ㲻ǰʲôԭԣûֱɱ롣
Ǻˣ
ֻƽʵЦЦ
ϷҶڵ˼һǵĳд󸨣Ȼ̤ϵ죬ɱҵߣѾɱʱܷϷԲƽϸǰΪ
ǸȻΪǾݹϷһ
дӲ¶Э֮⣬¶в̬֮Ȳʧݣ಻ԷȻѡ
Ҷɽеߣ˵̬ҲΪӣʵ΢Э
ΪʵЩ죬˲ŻȾŭʱ뱨ѩޣȴûκεİա
д󸨺γ˵жҶɽĹʮģȴҲðķա
磬ˣֱɱȥɱǹģ
ţЦеǸûнԷЩ˷С
ţ³çɽЩŹ֣Ҳĳֱ̬Ϲ󷨣󷨾ԲԺҴ롣
¶֮ɫ
£Ҳ֪ɽĹŹ֮ǸҪӲԸҲްơϹ󷨣˼ֵܵġһѡϹУ㲻ɸˡϷԲη壬ǲ£»Ǻúÿһɣ
д󸨳ȴʱֻȽԷЩסõϣǽԷƭȥ
ȻϹ󷨣ٵĽ󷨣ǲ֪ǺãɸҸ߱٣
Ϣʹ˼Ϊֻ˽ԼŻʤ㡣


1478 
ȻϳϹ󷨣Ϲ󷨵֮ϷȰ»뿪˵أؾݴ½ɣ
д󸨿϶ԸشĻֻȰȥȻиԵɵġ
磬ŻģϹ˵ôôӦûϹ󷨣ȰȥԣҾɽͷϹ󷨸Ͳô
ţƲд󸨵˼
ߣ֪ô£б±ԽϹԣ
дĳʱлʮìܣ뱨ɱԷȴ·亦
ҶɽϹ󷨲٣ǣʱƣдҲ֪Ϲ󷨻߱ˣвžìܡ
Ȼд󸨻ƫöԷߣٿԱסš
ҪϹŴǴԲѣбôԼȥϹŴأ
ţĵķ֪ԼʵȥϹŴȻԷҲûϹŴ
˶֮ʱȴ˸ͷϹŴЩĵơ
ţĲ׼ȷһһ֮ţҲΪ˹ҽϹŴ˵İɣأȴǣη֮ɫôһأ
˼֮󣬺¶һĨصЦ⡣
£ҪϹŴһԣϷԻȫǡ
дЦʱһν̬ȣĥ
ãٱʶϹŴȻ³룬Ǳپ͹ˡֻǱٴϹŴôһҲӡ
̩ȻЦ仰ȴдһû뵽ԷĵӾȻô
ֹд󸨣Щ˼һǵľӢҲ׷¶֮ɫ
һڵ֮ʱѾʼһǰĴɽƽ
Ϊڱ㿪ϹŴϹŴ
д󸨸Ҳ˲ڴɽ֮УҲ׷βɽ֮С
вδְ㾪ţţȴЩˣ磬û뵽㻹ĸҴϹ󷨣һҪСˣϾϹ󷨣Ҳž޴
ţҪ£ҿԽ棬һ˽롣
Ц
£ҲŲẦأܹһΣգ֮ͬ£
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д󸨿ЦȻѾһǾֻܽϣϹŴ
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ԭأоһɼХ˷Хͬڿһ㣬ֱ֮
Ӧ㹻죬ȴҲХ֮УХչֵԾѡ
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ֻϹŴĹҲ̫֮ˣȻ
ãţ޷ֵ
д󾪣ʹ졯ϹŴ󣬽ȴУԼȻ޷졯
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һȴţѾֳմ״ʱХĺС
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鼱֮£һߵһ߻Ϊα塣
⵹ȼ졯ѶСˣһչֳαţ븹УȻֳȫ֡
ڡα塯֮£ĸһٵҲΪǿ
ϵƺֻһʼչ֡屾塯Ҳֱ
Ĺ޵ĺУּ˸ָļХ̲һһһǿ
ӣ׼ȥɣû뵽ϹŴȻǿǳϷ֮Ⱑ
д󸨵ĿЦлŲٵߵĵЦ
ֻͻǧֻڿԼһ㣬Ĺ£ǳֳ·Ĵ
ʱ˿̣ĵķţԼһУôΣأ
ţƺѾȫĿһ㣬ȻĹϵ㵸
ҧأܵȹ񣬾޴ڲϵɫҲڷٵĲš
ǿȻԺҵ屾壡
оֻ̾ͬǧСڲϴԼ壬Լ廹޷ȫֵ
ХԽԽͻڲٿһ㣬ХȻѹѾɽСʮɷԲĿռ䡣

ܵĻצÿһȭԻһɽȻУȴܵ޴ʹĸо
ʩչȭôһֱĹС
ŭˣû뵽⵺ǿϹŴڱЩϵĹ屾徹Ҳܵʹ
ʼʹпܣǿоͬ͸ԼƬһ㣬ʹֱ衣
ֹˣҲδܱɧţһʼ޷ȫסֱʱҲ˲ת
𡭡
һֲҶɽбȻ˲ǹϹŴ

ɽ󸨲ҽһȻʹס˫֣һɫɷףвٸʼѪֱӱ
֮һϹеʱήңҲΪ֮һ㶡
ԭҵĺϹŴеʵǸĺϢ
аһʱ佫ţˡ졯֮УԼ򷢳࿹֮
Χɫܲ˫ĿȻһžıըķΧҲ˵֮⡣
ΪԼѾƿؾʱǻĹ޵ͻȻı仯
ԭµڴʱͻȻʧˣΧɫѾըʧ٣ȻһƼХȴϹŴд
аԳԾѾţˡ졯֮УʱԵûк֮ǡ
Ϊβû뿪ǲʧϹŴУԣʱѾ¶ļʶϹŴ
Х糪ʼͳʱƣХȻĿʼ߿
ãȻͬһһ㣬ѵڲٿزɣ
ͻȻԼ֮Ҳ޷Կڲٿһ㡣
ӵǲϱըɫȻֿʼۼȻԽŨĽġα塯֡
ȡȡ
ɫƽʱֻԼƬƺֻϿɣҲʱĹ
𣡡
ʹ֮£鲻ԽĿХһֻεȻҪ̴Լ壬ַ˵ʹֱ޷ܡ
֮£˶ݵʱ䣬Ȼȴûгûʹá졯ߡ
˭Ϯһ𣿡
̽Եĺ


1479 
Ҷɽǣʱȴ޷⣬ԭ׼Ϸȴû뵽ȻҲᷢǿ
ʵϣڳʹ֮µĺѣֻ˵Ϊ֮£ԲŻὫĺ
һʶҶɽдҲѪɫҰֽ
֮̽ȻĽȴԽǿңһ΢ǳЦ
һϹŴе֣ôܷнеεĴ̫նˣӵ屾壬֪ôġ
ԳЦЦԭΪƾԼΪЦݣ˭֪ȴǻΣա
ȻΣһֱڼȫһ˳ҲʧȥȤ
֪Ѷϣǿǿ
ǾԲģѾǧͷһƺ뵽˶Ըķ
˵Ǳˮڣʵ⻹ʵʷɲŵ֮ʧȥЧȻ֮Ҳӵأ
һ߿ͻȻϹŴУѾɣһʱ̱ʮɡ
ȻһĽٴαƽòоȥĹɡ
Ƭ֮Ѿ϶ĽĹˣһʧЧҲǳ顣
Ũ֮Уġα塯һХ֮һ֮֮γһģһ
ɫֿʼϹŴ֮ȫѹסˣϹѰӻ֮֡
֮ͿԶһʱģɵ֮γɵƻǷŴϹе
߿֮ϣ֮һֱѹϹֱʱ֮֮ʧ
һͷɫɽȴ֮У˫ǵ˫ЦЦĶǰǰЩɫҲѾɢг˱ը֮ϢϹеҲѾʧ
ɫɢŷԼһɽĶµĴɽҲĳ۵ס
µʲôˣô壿
һɽҲɰԾ裬˵֮ʱȻԭ˵Ĳˣһ߲֪˶ĵܡ
ǺˣΪ޹ʹ٣
ʷ˫ҫĹâжɱԼļһûκκøС
Ǻǣ
һǳЦȴܾȻʼӿɫĹâڴ֮󣬵ܾȻΪΡ
ಣ
αѾ˲СʮʱδСԶ
¹Ȼ츳죬ϹѾ꣬ȴĿš
ܻΪһȹŮӣ˵֮䣬ЦӯȻһ崺ĸо
α壬Ԫ֮壿
а룬ʱȴҽӽԷΪԷԳˣǿĹд꣬һǵ֮
ѹˣ֪ǷŴϹ󷨣
ǶŮûкøУǿʵ
Ǻǣ£ˣҽղŲǺ㿪ЦǼԵֵҵҲż̽ģϣŶ
ŮƺϲЦ˷Ȼǹ΢ЦҲЩ⡣
Сʻ괬һߵ磬ˣʱΪԷǸŮҳɾ衣
ȻҸкξ֮أ
һЦ˲תΪα壬Ȼ㽵ڴɽ֮ϡ
ڽɣҲԷα廹Ԫ֮壬ҶϹŴΪڴ˴Ҳʮ֮档
ã֪մ
Ůһ˫ˮĴ۾΢΢һĨЦԽ衣
֪Ϊλڴ˴Ϲʲôϵ
˵ȴšն콣ʱܵĸоΣգһԤС
ŶԭӣСŮˣôҹأǲ㣿
Ůӵޱȣ΢΢ţģ൱Ŀɰ
ȤˣȻش¸ղŵ⣿
΢΢һЦǰȻԷһİȫ롣
ˣô˲ʶôǷˣˣͲܶԱ𣿡
Ů˵

ϵķɽ΢΢һһεĽڽ⴦ۡ
ŮɫΪ֮һ䣬еĺȻֻһţȴ۾
󵨣֪ˣ·ϣѵѰ·ɣ
Ůϳֳŭ֮ɫа׹һһõ
ΣɱҲˣҲһ
صһЦЦŮͷҲĺ˰벽
ŮӸδ뵽з߸ҲηˣʱҲɳ˻֮ġ
㵨ɣѵ֪еĺ𣿱ӵʵ壬츳죬Ͳһƽϡ
Ůĺһڿһת˲١
ûʲô¾ͲҪװαشӣûϴѾˣƻᡣ
ۺЦ⣬ƺ˶Է˼
һɣŮд󾪣ɫٱ䣬ɻ˵꣬ȴ̲סһīɫѪҺ
ħˣ
аϸ۲ŮʱȴͷһĺڰϢֻϢڶԷĿѾʮ΢ǴʱѪֻԼ޷
ðɣµǴɳϣ¸ղŵĽУɰˡŮ¶һĨɬЦ⣬˫˵۾֮Цµ츳Ϊνʶ½ѣ֪ΪΣ
򲻹˱ŻˣȻ˲飬ŮӵֶʹĲֻϧЩֶҶͬҲ
֪ôŮӵĵЦЦƺ˵ˣΪȴûо㿴ٳǸͺ𣿡
Ǻǣ˵Цˡãɳ˵ˣ
ŮЦе˵˵ͬʱѾȥǵѪ
˵Ҫֻǣ㲻вٵģһ̽Դ
ЦţһӣɽѾУһֳֽʱһսĸо
ɣ
ŮӴʱѾʶԼΣմԷǺúŪ֮ˡ
ֱʱڱǰװߣǱϲħˣֻǲ֪ιϹС㲻ش𣬱Ҳɰ취֪һС
ԽᣬڶԷʶԼαбɱ֮ġ
Ϊﵽľ磬֪α塯ζʲôЩϽ֮˵֪Ϣֻ²Լ֮ķչ
οŮǰɱţӵСα塯ֻҲԷ֣Է֮ıָίߣûһ˿˿øУˣŻֽ֣׼˶Է
Ůɫ˲Ұף˫֮Ө˳۽£һ٣ֱӹɽʯϡ
СŮӲ֪СŮħˣСŮһ
Ů˵֮ʱǵЦΪɬƺٿǵѪһƵӿֳ


1480 
ߣԹħȻħˣǾҪľ򡣡
˵˻һڶѣԷˣҲ޷ˡ
ħͬΪߣѲħĹ۵ɱңСŮѾˣǵѲ֣СŮҲꡣк֮£СŮһ
Ů˵ϵˮͬߵӣϵ˳յ䡣
Ůˮȡͬ飬ֻΪǡǡȡ˷Чˮ޷һ˿һͬ顣
֪ˣαص
ǴŮսܺһֱʹģҲһĻᣬֻǣһϵΪһȴֻ뵽޳ܡ֡
к֮£뱾޹ءɱ벻ɱоϣ
зɽһһνѾŮ֮ȥ
ɵļһ
ŮһѾܹνȻȴǷŭĪ
㽫Ҫ˵ʲôҲûйϵˣ͵԰ɣʲô뾡˵ԺҲûлˡ
ԭأЦЦĶŶԷ΢΢ʼ磬һŮб
໣
һƳĺдŮӿзŮӵ𽥵ĿʼŤŤ֮ȴȫһ
⣬ŮӵҲͻȻ˲٣Ŀʼſķ仯
˼ߣҪϾɱǾͱֱħˣߣҪɱǱħô򵥵ġ
ԷͻȻ仯ȻǸ˵ҲЩȻһ𷽲ŽԷһεεŮӣбоһ񺮡
β¶ˡ£ڱǰαװˣһսĲ⡣㻹ʲôֶΣǾʹȫˡ
һȻ˿УзɽֱָԷһսϱŷ
¸£ħԪ֮壬ΪħסˣħֽʮָħʲôҲϿ˵ɣ
ԷȻЦ˫ͬʱ仯ʮڵָͬʱеҲʼһɺɫ֡
һˣˣ
ȻȵһֻʣԪ֮ļһка⡣
ǧǧħ
ʮָħһ˫ͬʱʮָͷϡ

Ҳͬʱһ徹ȻʧڿС
Ϊ֮һϣԭѾȴû뵽һ˲ʧУȻʩչħҲȡһЧȴԶԶȲԷЧá
ǰڿеӣԷʱȻ᷸ͬĴ
ΪʩչǡʮָħҲڶʱ̽ԣáʮָħҲ
ħηηʲô
ʮָħŭ˼Ŀı뼤
̫ˣºúŶ
ͻȻ˷áʮָħҲȻаĽƻ
ħơ
ʮָħֳһʩչֵķƣΪаԵʡ
ֻڡʮָħʩչ֮ʱѾ֮ڡ
һνȻֱִʮָħʱ͵ıŷǿĽ
ɶ񣡡
ʮָħǰʶνʱķӦʮֿ٣еν
ﬣ
һ촫νѾնˡʮָħеνն϶Է֮ͻȻųҫ۵Ľâǽâ֮ϣһݺ֮˲佫֡
ǴѧνȻӴʱʩչһһ
νڹ֮ͻȻתΪνһ˲ŷνϵǿԲǳѧ߿ġ

ʮָħʱŷֶԷȻǽԭΣʱȴͻȻǿķ

¶һĨصЦ⣬ȴһŨŨıѾԷ֡
Ȼ֮ⲻھơ
һ˲ʱ䣬ʮָħܵĺˣеȴѾԷ⣬Ǳֻܷ
̫ˣ
ʮָħƵĺʱ׶ԷĿԼеġꡯ
һ֮󣬡ʮָħѾǧ֮⣬ǡꡯѾġڿС
ķȻ˵ⷨˡ
ٺһЦȴٴλӳһǡꡯɷԲľ޴顣
ʮָħɵ۵ĶšꡯʱǺĪ֪ԷԼһʼ㲻Ӧ
̫ħѾʧȥҪ´˱ħҲʤ֮䡣
ʮָħߵĺ˫һ̯Ͼʹϧ֮ɫ
Ŷʧȥֻܹ㱾²ôֵͷˣңҲŲǲʤ֮䡣ֻ֪ܹ㣬ܹɱ㣬ӮˣأǾԲỹˣֶΣǾԼȡ
΢Ц˵еķɽٴλɭĸӴꡯıȡ


1481 
ġ֮εʩչǡʮָħֻš
ʵǿѵ±ħʹáꡯ𣿡
ʮָħεļ
£Ȼղʹ⡮ꡯʱҿʹȥ˵ˣǲ㡮ꡯģΪѾҵˡ
ϵЦаȣáʮָħֱᡣ
Ц֮Ǳħķ޷ʹã޷ȥǷһ
ʮָħЦЦο
лѣֻɱⷨ
ҲЦЦġʮָħз
ˣǺã£ҲûõġҲ޷뿪󣬵·µš
ʮָħΨпЦ
ЦеŶԷͲµ˶ԷԷ̶ȣʱʧȥ˷ҲͲΪˡ
ţħһᱨģ
ʮָħͻȻŭǺȴѾʧ˿С
ҵӣ
ԭأһҲżԷݣΪϹŴ󣬶Է֪˶꣬ӳȥķҲ͸ˣڵȵڡ
һᣬɽһƬţĽҲʧӰ٣ûκж
һɽ뿪ȡط
аǱһǰĺ׷ȥ
˽ʧɽУɽ֮һƬţֱʱ֮󣬲һ
һֱںڵķɽ·ִꡯǧʱͻȻ
Сӣ㲻Ҫ׷ɱħ𣿱ħɽţ׼ɣ
ɽŴŵĺ
Ȼǵɽ֮ƣһﾹȻԱ任ΣûϴֻɫݱǡʮָħԪ֮û
һֱԭأʱԷʹ˵ɽ֮ƣǱΣ׼ƾͼơ
ԭһɽţãб²ҪܣҲ
͵ĳɽŸȥҲǼˡ
ʮϢ֮󣬺ɫһƵľâηٵĳǡꡯӽ
ܻáꡯʮָħһս֮򣬸Ķ֡
⺮ǿҪ⺮Ҫʱ䡣
ʮָħа˷ѾԪԶˡ
ֻ벶ȸں󣬡ʮָħڵ֮УĻΪħ塣
ǧ
ʮָħ˫֣һĨ֮ɫĵͺΧͻȻðŨ
ԼĪʮϢɽӿŨЩŨӰߵʶ
һ˲Ĺ㷢Լֻܿҵľ룬ƾʶҲֻ̽鵽ΧʮɵķΧ
Ѿ롮ǧ֮ˣϹУһ㽫粽С㷸һǰĲǱħֻǱħԪ
ЦɽŴǡʮָħԪڵȴǾû뵽㾹Ȼ˱ɣ㵽ô
ɽ£˫ڶԻɽʮָħȴѾʼоƽġ֮ʹáһء
ҵҪƣƽҵġ֮
ЦԼΪʹġ֮ٿԱƬ֮ãԼһʩչΣʱҲһʱ֮á
ʮָħʱѾ۽еĸ˫͵ĵһɹɺ̣ЩѸٵĽеĸ֡
ͣ
ʼⶳʱˮ䵽棬ȻٶΡٶʵĿ
ɶһǿ󣡾Ȼħ̶޷ٵĽ
ʮָħƵ˵һʩչķħ̣һ˼Ÿοٶط
Ƭ֮󣬡ʮָħַȴ޷ɵĻʩչġ֮
䣡
ͻĺ¡ŵġʮָħܵĺǧ֮⡣
ףô£Īʱ䵽ˣʧ
ʮָħ˵
ֻҪûˡꡯҪ壬ȻΪǿħ֡
ʮָħ˵Ѿ˶ȡĻ棬˾Ȼ˷ܵ㵸
ԣЩʧ⡮ʮָħҲˣϹŴǣԼֻ¸޷Լγκв
ʮָħЦһʯУĵȴǰıᶳӶʧȥķ
ϣԽʧԽʮָħˡЩҲ
аҲĵĵȴһĻᡣ
꣡
ѵꡯڼ˸Ļƣáʮָħ˷ܵĴӵ֮

ʮָħ˲֮ˡꡯٶ̫죬Ȼһɺ˵硣
ڶˡꡯǸߵĩҲ
ʮָħ˫ַ٣ڶȡꡯ˵ٴչ֣ǿ̬֮ȻʧЦ
ףķ
ʮָħ˫ͻȻһƾâƺʲôֲ飬Ȼһ͵Ϯħ
ǡʮָħ̫ţʱ˿̾Ȼûг룬˫ָٷһ졣


1482 
ͷһ֪
ͻȻŨ֮ҲڴʱӿֳԾİâ
ʮָħʧɫû뵽ͲԼߣʱЩŲ·չԪ˲֮

һĲҽڿ𣬡ʮָħҪˣһ˲УԪ֮徹Ȼ֮һиǾĪ
ɶʲôʱõ
ʮָħ־ļе
Ŷڷˣ
洫ʮָħµµת˫ۣƺ˼֮ơ
ԭıû뿪ɽµѵǷ𣿡
ʮָħƵʵ˫ѾӿֳɫĹâʱ׼һ
ȻǷ̫߿Լˡʹɽ֮ƣҲǽƾͼơûϴϣǿԪ֮塣ԶûлɱٵԪ֮壬ڣ㽫Ԫ֮塣
ƽ˵ʮָħɫʮѿֱʱ֪Ƕôֲ
ΪֻΣáʮָħоֲȻǻۡ
û뵽㾹ȻӵɵȻɱħԪ֮壬ǾҪӦĴۡȴǷһĴ㲻ñħõꡯġ
ʮָħ˵ʮָ͵ͬʱꡯɶ
ߣΪٵʩչꡯ𣿡
һ׼ٲᱻԷ˲

ɫĻͬһ㣬ѸٵĳšʮָħƽΧ£ʮָħ֪Է޿ֵԭڡ
岻ϵı任λãеķɽİɫҲϵļ뵽ΧȦУǿֲİɫ˷ƽʮָħ
ɶ񣡡
ʮָħȻֹʱ˿̣ʮָħﻹʩչܣΪǰɫĻʵ̫ǿˡ
һŨŨĺӡꡯͷŶɺҲٶȽʮָħ֣ˣʮָħȻĻвиܵĽ١
ȷʮָħʵԪ֮бӦ֮ʣֻҪǿİɫ湥⡮ʮָħԷ֮
ʮָħΣóıȴڴʱ޷ʩչˣԷĻȫԼʱϵɺԼ塣
ԭʮָħĴԷƴԪ֮壬ֻȴû뵽ԷԼԪ֮壬һԼӵɵҲ޼¡
ϵͷ߻棬Ψֻ֡ʮָħĶԿУʮָħѸٵı
ڡʮָħУԿʼѹɫһʮָħĺıɫڣһᣬʮָħԪ֮Ҳֱɫɡ

ʮָħҽеð˲ƺ󣬷Լ徹ȻһԱ֮һʱžʲô
ԪԱ
ۼ޷룬ʮָħҲͷѣֻǵ޷ԪԱʱжپ
ɣ
ʮָħĵΪ޷ƿԼ£Ԫ֮屻ɵĸоֱ̫ʹˡ
ˣαص
Ķ°˸֣ȴǴ߶Űɫ治ϵɶԷԪ֮塣
⡮ʮָħԪ֮ԶһߵԪ֮壬ǰЩڵԪ֮Ҳδȫʧڰɫвš
潣飡
ʹ˻潣飬ʼԻ潣ָԷԪ֮壬ѾǼ顣
ҺϵĻصϹŴУЩûĵǷ׷׿־ĪΪĲҽǣǿ֪ˡ
£ǿԪ֮壬ˣķʱ䣬ǡʮָħİųʧϹŴ֮С
ĿһҲϹŴԭڣԭΧǿħ֮ˣȴֻץһħС
Уʮָħ彥ڵֻʣԪ֮塣
ʮָħҲøȻˡꡯķЩ꣬Ϊ٣ۿŶҪϹŴˣ˭֪ȴ˲ǵˡ
ȥ
һȣΧʱͬʧ
ˣʮָħ
˵䣬һնɫĵܣǵܵķѣʮָħһƻҲɢΡ
ͨʮָħļ䣬Ѿ֪İʱҪƳϹŴǼ򵥶ˡ
ʮһϹŴֱΡ
ţ㿴ѾϹŴ󡣡
ݳţǡʮָħţҲˡ
̫ˣȻƳǱ̬Ĵ󡣡
ţһۣϱ͸ŷĵЦ⡣
ԣҲ¶Ц⡣
ʱҶɽϵĵѾֻʣʮ֮һѾ֮ȥиĵ롮ʮָħ֮Ķ
ಣ
һ㳯ռȥҶڵд󸨡
֮и߳˲ƶЩа֮ࡣ
뻹ûֹԽԽĵ߷գγ֮ơ
ߣЩһӣǣӵȥ


1483 
ţЦЩ˵ͬһ
ţһҲ棬ǵΪٺ٣˼һǵҲ˰ˣ
֮УۺЦſǺѹѹߡ
д󸨴ʱѾ֮֮ͬԲһеӵУĿȴǷɽ硣
磬Īɽ磿
ţЩ˵ͼǳʵ
ţģϽѾ˾ݣû˿ʱ
϶ĻشиÿЩ˷ͽ͵Ϊ
еԽԽ࣬ﲻɽҲգЩȻдհΪл
ĵߣʱ⻹Ȼ˸һ¡
д֪ԼΪĺδҲ޷׷ɱˣд󸨲ڴʱգϣڷɽ硣
ɽѾرգһ㣬д󸨺γ֪ʱȴûа취еİ취
Ҫɽ磬ɽ˽
дȵ͸űݡ
Ҫɽ磬ɽ˽
ĵͬʱȵôضڲ
д󸨼ͷʶע·ΨڴʱչϮɱ
磬㾹ȻŵЩɽ֮Уܵˡ
ţҲյˣ̾
ţǻлɽ𣿡
ɫƽʵеɱȴڲϵӡ
綼˵ˣɽѾرգηҿڵˣ
ţЦ
ҿδأôҪɽĹߣҾͻһηĻᡣҲɽʹ߻֡
˫ҫǵĹâƺѾ뵽֮Ŀԡ
ţҲɵͷķͬѡ
磬ǳΪɽʹߵĵˣЩɽʹһ½磬Իǵ鷳ɣ
ţЩǵʵ
ֻ˵ܰˣ˵ɽ֮Σþû߱ˣҵЩ˿
ŵЦʵΪɱˣΪǵԪ֮塣
ţˣҲ֪ĳЩʱֵ㹻ţɴʱֳѾţ֪Χ
еĺȻϵĴ·ҶɽҲ˶ϵţԼĪƬ֮ͻȻһ죬Ϊ֮һ㶡
Ϊ£
дĺͬһ㣬õ˲ϣ
ԭ˲֣
ţ˵кЩ˷Īϣ߱ɡ
ɣӵҪɽ磬׼
дæ˵׷ڿ
дʲôʱôҪһǻ˹ءɢȥ˵ʱֹ
õĺд󸨵쬵ģϽʹ߲ᣬԼɶ޻֮
ɣӵҲΣҪ׷ɱӵˣɲõӵ˷ôӵȫǶħ׷ɱ֮С
д󸨾ֵĻش
Ŷ˭ô׺ȻҪ׷ɱ˶ߣɣɶ
еٴδȴֻˡ

дпϲæͷһָ¿յǵָķȴɵˣԭѾʧ˿С
ղŷڴ˵صģ
д󸨷ŰۣӿһŨŨĿֲЩҲ׷Ѱټ
ΪʱѾ롮졯֮У˵ЩߣǿеҲ޷ҳټ
дȵСŪɣ
ŷŭĺһӰѸٵĴʱɸߴȫԡҫ۵İâסߡ
μɣ
д󸨱ϹϾ񣬶ͷѾϸܵĺ飬뵽ڴʱʧأ
˹ȴǷŭѣһ˫ͭСƺҪɳۿ
ƭɣ
˴ŭоȻӿֳһ޴ǴǴȻӿһӴ

ļҽУ˵һ֮£ʮ߱ɴɱ壬飬ǵԪ֮Ҳ
䣡
дϸ˵ȻȷѾԶȵһߣԼ˻ǻķ׷ɱ
ɣȾǣҵȾԲѡղž·ˣҵҲðɡ
д󸨿
½˵ߣʱдһۣƵĺ˸£
ڵͬʱпϲԭ½ҲԵߣһԼһоˡ
̫ðʧˣǱҲԴƬ죬Ȼȵ¡˭ϸĽһУ
½̾
ԸɽһС
дԸµ
ã
½΢һ֣д󸨱һɴԼԼҲķ½ˡ
Уд󸨱ϹϾķأľͼӴ׵渵


1484 
½˳ʼ̬˫üšһߣʱŭ
д󸨽齲꣬½ѾףţøŵľӣдҪ˾ݵߡ
˻һдвɰЦȴװһ֮ɫĵҲпϲΪ½Ϊ߳ͷˡ
½˾ߣҲҪ֪߷ʵ֮ǿԶԶߣ·Ҳ˾ߡ
ɣǸһ뽫ҵȸϾɱѾˡ˼һǡ˵˵еߣҵ޷ɽ磬Ҳᱻ
д󸨼ͼӴףѾ½ˮļ룬ٿԲη
˸£ļһСӣɵҪʲôͷ۵Ȼ˲񡣡
½ıף޲ѰȻ֮
ǣʱ˿̣ѾȻ½ʹ˺üȻ޷̽鵽ȥ
СѾ뿪˵ˣǲõģھڴ˵أֻҪɾȥĵߡ
½Ƶ˵
ڴ˵أٺòˣΪ˵ߵΪˡ
д󸨿˵
˵ﻰڴ˵أȻǵߡ
½˸ȵ
ǣ
дæ͵
½˵ͷԲģǱպСб¾ͳزصʲôӢۺú
ڵϿմţٵԷ׷ͷա
̵֮ʱڴ鵺Ϊǿƴڣġ˼һǡѾȫˣڵдһ顣
˭ڴСеģѵΪϷͽܺ۸ɣ
һͬӿдȴ˵ľԡ
˵ʲô˼
½æд󸨡
дæ仰½ʹȴɻô˸ȴ˸ʦ
ɷ룬ǰҪصĴۣǾ𡣡
½˷ܵĺѾ˵֮ĺƽϡ
д󸨷֮Զ̴һЦ֮ع֮ˣҪϷ㻹ûǸʵ
ɣȻϷͽ鷳Ѱ·
һԶдҲסˣһʦǸʦ棬ʵǲ
ЩһʵΪλɽ磡
дк޺޵˵ԼﵽΪֻ뿪ɽˡ
д󸨼½˶ʱ뷢ֱû뵽Լ˵ϣȻᱻ˱ӡ
û뵽û뵽˵ߣɶҪǺηʥ
½˱׵˵˫оȻӿŭ棬ЩŭڿγǧɵĻ棬Χĵ߲ɿĴסˡ
ܺãڴˣǿҲ˵Ķ֡
дţҲ˲٣Ҳ˶š
Ȳ۾ŰɣνѵǶ֪ߡ
½ޱȵ˵
ɴ䣬նɱ֮ߡ
дæĳƵҲ׷׸ͣ½˵Ҳһ˿Ц⡣
ʦү𣿡
һϵȺд
½ԣ͵һû뵽ڴʱ˽гԼ֡
ǺˣΪ֪ţ
½˾ʵ
ʦүԪŵĵӡʦǱŵʦүĿǰŵڱŵ¼ϣʦүĻ񡣡
һ뷢԰׵߼Ĺ˵еϲΡ
Ӳμʦү
ʮŵĵͬʱ𾴵ڡ
ʱ˿̣½ʹҲ⼤û뵽ȻڵѪȼǵ׷ɱŸǲ֮ʹڷǰԼѾΪűѩޣȴû뵽ŵĵӼѪ
û뵽Ȼۣûţ
½˿ϲ
ʦүĸŻаֻȴʢʵʦүŵڡ
Ԫһ˲
˲㣬㰡Ҫ֣͹ֱɵ̫ˣչšڣɵ½磬չˡ
½˸̾
һдæЦɣģһؽţһڵ󡣡
¾ͽˣмһҪã򣬱Ψʡ
½˹ϵ˵дǡ
ʦʦôҲˣǲںϾ𣿿½ʹ߱ɣȻʦʦ档
аЦʱڡ졯й۲﷢һС
졯зӳ˴˷ӦеĹЧ˷Ƴǿ󷨣ҲԳΪһռ䣬ڿΡ
һƬУϥڲݵϣţĴΧĿռ䣬ǡ졯֮еһСֿռ䡣


1485 
ò˰ʱӰѾͬʱִҶɽϿգϷӡ
˽һ£ӣһֵɷ֮Уȥ½˸ˡ
Ϸһ֮ǰĴ磬һѩףȴãĳ࣬Ǹһĸо
ֻ˵֮УϷӵоֻ࣬Ϊòʤ½ˣҲʮ֮
Ƕȶ˿ڳԣ
½ʹʵдݺݵķĻ
ƷһЦû½˷С
ӵΪԣѾﵽ˿ص߼ޣںһ½ʹߣңҲɼ¼ɱҲֹλˡ
Ϸӣǰ֮ˣὫ½˷УʱνĶ½ʹЦ
˶ˣһϺ󣬼ǿʵľԣֻǱѾŭ½ˡ
Զ˶ԣԲô嶯֮ˣٲȡ˵ҰֶΣֻȷ˶Էʵ󷽲Ŷ֡
СӣҸղ֮ʤҪ½˿ΣҶ˭ɱ
ϷֺǺǵ˵ٲȻ½ʹߵ˶ע
ʦ壬̫߿ˣǸˣҲûʲôֶΣ
ӱĵһ½ˡ
д󸨷֮½˼Ҫˣ͵ڿС˴С˫Ѿ죬ｫӶ˷С

½һȭӣΪƾɱ
ڿаȻüͷҲûһ£ֻĻһӡ
½˲û뵽ԷʵȻǿǿ󵽿ԼᲢۡ
ã½ƺһԴܶԷˣָǺã
джʱˣи¶½˵ʧ֮顣
ʵ򣬲½˵Ϊ̫ӵʵ̫ǿǿԶһ߿ԶԸĵز
ӵһ䣬½ǹɴȻһ

ҽһƬڿеһǣʮͬʱɴϮУɴתΪΣδϮȥʱʮ߸׼
¡
ʮͬݰ㱻ͻȻĴɣһƬѪУʮ˵ȫɱ壬ֻһ˵Ԫ֮Ҵ
½ʹĿһĻԣʮ˵ʲôµķǶԷʵ½ʹ߿صĵط
ʲôȭͷ޻ȭû
ϷӿЦ½ʹߵҲһƬ
ʦ壬û˵ȻǴ˵е޻ȭƾʵҲϷͽܵ鷳ǲ
ƽĿ˵½ʹŭԣ嶼ʼ˾ҵĲ
ȿɸղֻ̽ȵǳһξԲöȺù
½ŭеǴ͵ӿֳɫĹԣԽԽ߷׷׷˫ۡ
治ɫƺ׼˶ԷʵֻǺνЦЦʲô¾ʹϷԲüͷ
Ǵ
½˴һ͵ĸ߾١Ǵ˲ǣд󸨵˷׷׳ԶȥΨ½˵ˡ
½˵ĳ·ƶֱƶӶ˶ǧ֮
ҪϷƴƣϷ򵱷㵽ף
΢΢һЦƾԷʩΪ
½һοɲûյˣڳ֮ǰϵԼƣֻѹԷʱʤԷϣ
һɹӴ½˵֣˵ĺˣΧĵڿһе˴ӿֱӵ䡣
ʼոֶһ˫ǵ˫۾ͻ翴˶Է룬½еѹҲԽԽ
½뵽ӵΪǿԼΪҪǿǿĵˣԼݣֻҲδؿսʤ
Ƭ̹ȥ½˼һδйļޣȻǰԷȴڿС
ãֻƽǿ֮ˣҵҲƣʮֲ
½п𣬴ʱҲЩĻ⣬ԼαȥЩߵ飬αˮ
ֻǣʱѾûˣνڹϣò
½˵ɫ쳣ѿеġǴ˵ҫȴǳٳٵûйԷ
ʱҲһѹûʹ÷ɽ£ҲǿܹԷƣǶԷǿƣԼҪɽˡ
Ǵ
½ŭеġǴγɵĹâҲﵽһֵ
ɫĹʱΧĵ߷׷׵ɴ۾еѾס˺Ϊ⡮Ǵγɵʵ̫ǿˣǿòΪӱؽ޷⡮Ǵ»
ԭ½˵ʵҲˣֻʵҵΪֶҲɵĶԸ
а룬Ĺ˵ӡ
һ޻治֪ô㱾£ôˣ
ϷӵĳЦʱǡǴγɵɫѾ֡


1486 
һԪ
һѾʹһԪڵǿ˫Ѹٵڿ趯
ҫУֻ¡ǹâȻԭأһĵЦ⡣
½ȴɫ䣬ڹһк徹Ȼڿ
ԷԸ֮ˣԷɽԼȴ˺˵ΪһΪͼҲԿĳ
ˣҪǰˣǶ
д󸨵岻ڿвһƬ
Ĳˣѵ˵ʵ̫Ϸʧˣ
΢Ц˵ΪԼɽüɴܶԷ
һ߳û˻Ÿ߸ϵ½˻һԾݵҲ򲻹˵ûԸţǣʵǰֻĿЦ
½˵ɫޱȣһбˣһӶûУΪ˵ܹܡ
֮У½˵ʵҲǲˣҲһ֮Կǿߡ
û뵽ԭݾȻǿߡ
½˴ЦԴԼղŲеΣֻнԷʵ˵ǿԼܹЩ档
˵ˣϷΪǿ󣬶Ϊ̫ˡڵΪϷͽҲɴ㡣ˣʵ̫һˡ
ӿɲЩ飬Լͽܵ¡
쵰Ҫɴ˸ղŲģɴʹȫͲǶ֡
дȵʱֻѡޱվ½ʹһߣҲԼŻӵһ
ΧҲɵӣʱԣ˷׷һƨ½ĵϡ
½˵¶Ц⣬ԭǸһ˸ӣԼҪİˣôطɽأ
ã½ʹһֶΣһ̫Сˡ
ֻһ½˵б
ֹϷܿ½˵ֻʱ򣬶Ҳˡ
û뵽ɾȻǿߣȻǿǱɾͳȫǡ
½˵ȻֲǼЦӶҲһ
ʲôֶξ;ʹɣ
ӵȻ˵͵ӿֳһƬâɽѾС
ֵֽӣƻǿһֹһֵİȻҲ½ʹΪ֮һ㶡
ߣȻһǿ󣬿ϧϵĶǱɡڣ֪ɵֶΰɣ
½˿˵ȴް֮⣬ΪһҪ˷Լܵķˡ
ߣҪԣб±
˵еսҲԽԽǿ
½ʹߵ΢΢һݣֳſһץȻץһŷƵֽ
䣿
д󾪣û뵽ԷֶΣҪ֪ɴСķҲʹߵʵ١
䣿ǵ뷨̫ˡѵʹĻͨͨķ䡣ߣҲҪˣɾͲˣǣ䣬ɿǻӵţϧҪ˷Ѳˡ
½ʹ߱˵ȴҧгݣһʹ
ӵҲӿЩϾԷʹǡ䡯⡮䡯жôԼҲһ֪
СӣһУǡ䡯ɱȡ䡯Ҫǿ̫࣬ϷлʶһΣ𡣡
Ϸһ̬¶е棬оȻҲΪӵİΣġ
ɱ
͵ıһһʼѾʹν
͵Ϯɣ
½ĺȵѾǡ䡯˲飬⡮䡯ͬʱȴ½ʹ߾ȻܣƾӵĹ
ﬣ
ӵν͵ıǿ⽣һӿ½˵ؿڴ
ֻն½˵ؿںȴͬڽϣ֮
ͣ
ֻһѪڣ徹Ȼɼɣڻ̲סһѪ

ϷӵһǰеӵƣϾһԪڵһ֮
û£
ӿЦѪ˲ʧΡ
˭أڸ֪ǿʵ˰ɣ
½˿Цֵ֪жôš
̫ˣ
д󸨵ĸţΧĵҲ׷׿ЦȻ޲⣬Ϊ½˵ʵ̫ǿˣһбǵ߿Ѫ
ߣ̫ˣ
һǲĶ½ˡ
ãǱٸһλᣬɣһС
½˵ЦƺһҲûӷ۽
ɣ
ϷڴʱסӣΨһ֮¡
ÿʲô⣬ȷؾݣ
˵ٴǣеķɽȻΪˡ
飡
Ӵһ½Ҳɿһ㶣ԭԷ츳Ȼ֮ã˽顣
ϷֻεÿȴǵӣʹĴǡ
½˵ɫҲеġǴȻڴʱջأϷӶʱŭ㻹Ǹ𣿲˵ҪһУǲѾظղŵĳŵˣ


1487 
ΪϷӵļ½Ҳɫһ죬ȵ˭˵˵ɲ޹ֻǵ
ȥ
Ӵһеķɽٴն½ˣһں˽֮Ҫǰǿһֹ
½ֻȫΪҲұ֤ԼǷȫܶԷһι
һƽѧڽ֧£νķʽ
ʱŷӶνƿԶԶԼΪһȻûɿκε½ˣҲֻڽϮʱŸܵӵν
˶סֱһ½ϴʱȴ½ҲҺһ
ӵĽʵʵڵĴ½˵ؿڴһǴֱϮ½˵ؿڴ
½˵ѾһƬû뵽ԷȻӵʵؿڴķҲһ˲䴩͸
ý
Ϸ˷ܵĺжӵʵҲΪΪһչֵʵ̫ˡ
ʦˣ
ӵɫָԭеĺΣ˫ҫźɫĹâǸһ˿ȻЦ⡣
һʱ䣬аˣ˵Ŀȫ½˵ؿڡ
һ֮½Ҳʮ֮⣬֮⣬ؿڴѾֳһѪѪѪ
ǿĽȻ̴ɴ˵壡
һ߾

½˴ŭһȭȥǸղų̱֮һǿ
ߣû˸Ҽ˵ʱ½˵ؿҲֹͣӿѪɫԵò԰ޱȡ
µĽȻǿ󣬱ѾУΪ˸Ĵۡ
½ҧгݵ˵ⲻ֪ҧʱҲһĨʺѪ
ҲˣϷһѾ͸壬㻹ţ
ЦȴףԼһжôǿڶԷȻƾԼʱΪ˸صĴۡ
½˱˵ȴԼıһɬ֮ζֲʱѪӱӿ
һʵ̫ǿˣȻϢ˵Ԫ֮壬ʦҲʵ
Ϸһ˰ڣȴǹǳЦƺԤϵ˻Ľ
ΧĵԣһĿ࣬û˻뵽½˻Ϊһϳ˴
˵˵ɵԪ֮尲Ȼ£Ҫ
½ŭڴʱ˫ҲʼӿѪ֮˫ҲѪ
ӽЦвȷԷӵж١䡯һʼԷǻС䡯ӳֻʵҲۿۡ
ǣԷԪ֮˵ǿʹá䡯ܹʤⳡսʵҲΪ½
½˱άסԼ棬ǣʱȴһ㶼ֹۣΪԪ֮屻ԷУʱѾϳѪС䡯ֻ֧֣ҲӰ쵽Ϊ
дתţʱκԣ½ΪԴƿҲͻȻȥԼ˾Ǵ׵ĸ
ɴˣ˲ɴ޷ǣɽ»ᱻ߸𡣡
дð˵ȴֺɴ˽ŭԼͷϡ
½кγԼ磬ֻǷشѾ⡣
ߣ
½ĺһǷŭ񶢵дзΨִʱ㱻½ɱ
дƿ˫ۣȴʾߣǡšӡ
ʦү֮ߣţ
￴ʽæеӿ

½Գ̾һͻȻоʮֱԼԴôʹԪˣԪ֮ˣԼʱֻʲô֮أ
ðɣǷģɾԲڲˣ
½ԥһٴֳһö䡯˿ľΪ֮һ
䱻֮½˵ɫҲָԭеѪɫղܵƺҲѾȫָˡ
Ȼ֪ԷֻǽǿѹԪ֮ƣǼսȥԶԷ޶ٺô
Ƕ˲սʤɣк֮£ҲϾɱӰ챾ɵľǶ뱾ɸһǷĴӴ˷ؾݣ̤뵺ɽ磬ǱҲϾɱҲ̷ɽ硣˾Σ
½˻˵ⷬҲǲѲ˵ģΪԼҪѰһ֮ȽԪ֮ƺãӰԼȣǽʹ顣
ϷӶһۣ˵ж¶Ц⡣
ɣֻҪһ仰Ϸ򼴱ƴҲǡ
Ϸ¶еȻ飬Ȼ˵

΢΢ͷʱҲо˾޴ѹ
Ӧûûؾݣ֪ʱأ
ʵһᣬͻȻһЦ
СӴСĽԸ񣬴ʱһĳ̬ķչ
ͻȻˣжʱƽ˼ţΪڰԼһʤ㽫ٴӡ


1488 
ûУɿû̫ʱȴ
½˴ߴٵϾ⡮䡯ҲʱƵģҪսҲսپ
˶۰Ͱ͵Ķӣд󸨴ʱôϣԷЭԼмȥĻᡣ
ֻǣһеȨӵϣдȻżȴҲ޷ı
һв²½ʹߵ׻ʣ١䡯ʣ࣬Լȫһƴ֮
ڳĬһƺѾ¶˾ģ΢΢һЦǸϷӲκԼżҪɽˣȥֻ飬Ϸ˵㡣
Ȼܾˣ
д󸨵ץˣʱô½ʹͻԷȫ
ԣõķ˫ǩЭ飬򣬾½ʹɱˣǸҲǸ޴вȵ½ʹ߷ɽˣǸҲһΪʦʦ汨ġ
дһ󣬵¶һ֮ɫ
ȻҾܾɵ飬ǵ𣿡
½дŭʱ˿̣ԷǲԼһӡ
ʢŭ֮£½һ嶯ȲԼƣٶɱӵߡ
ǵ
½ҧȵоȻٴһö䡯ϷҲͬʱ
У
ӴȵϷӵȻӲ
½Ѿʹ˵š䡯иԹ죬һȻʧڿС
Сģ
ϷӴһһѾӱķǿһЩ
˵˲ƣҲһʼڴʱʦʦһ𲢼ս
޷̽鵽˲ƹ켣ʦ壬һҪСģ
ӳȵ˵ʱ˿̣֮սǰвκξ⣬෴ȴս죬ȻЩڴս
ϷӺγˣһֱھݼʧȥ˵ֲ֣֮ܽսǸּįһս
½˱ֱ˲ƹˣȴֶ˵ķӦԶԶԼԤ㣬Աڿ˲ƣͼѰҸѵ˲ƹᡣ
ಣ
Ǵųҫ۵İâڴʱȴϷӾȻͬʱƶΣƶεͬʱҲ˲䳯ǡǴ
䣡
˵ĹһһʮѸ٣½˵徹ȻȥϷӵҲͬʱ˺ʮɡ
½˵γڶ˶֮⣬еġǴȻţȴǲţû뵽Լʹ˵š䡯ȴȻڶֲ˶ٱˡ
Ϸӵϼ޷ģӶƶ˵ǹһĬ
һ֮½ҲǱɳȥԴûֵκαˡ
ԭ䡯ҲˣҶ֣κơ
ϷͬӰ㷢аЦеĺɫңָ½ˡ
ʦ壬У˭֪뼸䡯Ҫʹ䣬Ȼǵ֣
ɫȻ˵еķɽָͬ½ˡ
½˵ɫһ˲侹ȻˣΪʵǿˣܵĴ̼
𣡡
½ɱۣҲʩչ˲ƣǻšǴӶ˳ɱ˹ȥ
ս
ӵ¶һĨصЦ⣬͵һϷһξ룬Ϸǻ⣬ҲɵЦ⡣
ʮʽǴ
½ͬ˵ҰްѾ嵽˶˵ʮɷΧңеġǴٲȻŶ˺ɨȥ
ϷҲͬʱսһţΧĵ½˻ʤ
һˣǽս½ڷйŷԼһѡ
½ʹһš䡯ʵӣʹڶš䡯ΪԪ֮壬ڵš䡯ĸʵǿӵʵ
һһҲ½˻ռݵЩƣһԶǽս£Ϸӷǹ磬һɿ½ˡ
ϷӵĽ£½˽ֻз֮ȴ޹֮
½˷ŭɱˣȴû֧Ϣܿ㲻ϵ˺ڶ˵к޻֮
ͬȼ½ȴʽҪ˺ܶ࣬һս˵ս

дƵ̾Ϣһа½޴ʱȻ߱ƴʽǲѰ·
½˷󣬱Ӷ˵ĹгֻǣȴΪԷ˵Ĺͬˮһ㣬һһԼֻܲϵƣӦԣҪҲס
ˣϷһ
Ϸսʱܲǵ٩һҲڴʱϷӣʦ壬һɣ㿴ֹˡ
˲ʵǿҲϵ½ˣ½бޱȣΪԼߣԷˡ

½ĲѪеġǴ͵ķɨˣ˲ĺˡ
ʱ½˾Ȼ˵вѡĴ򷨡
ӰȻһЦϷӷ½˳أص½˼


1489 
даΪ½ҪߣǱٴγԿ
죡Щ쵰ɽŵɱˣǲڴʱ뿪
½˷ŭĺȻٴʹһö䡯һϲ˵ֻö䡯Ӧǵöˣöʹ󣬱ڡ
ʹö䡯½ʹߵʵһȻ޷ӶγɾԵʵ
ЩɵľߣɾƴҲҪնɱ
½˷ߺ޵ĺһУȻһö䡯
ã
Ӵ˵ǶԷʹһö䡯ɱռ˾ԵƣڶԷľ£Լ˸һ
ԭΪԷһöһöʹá䡯Ͼ⡮䡯ʮ󣬿˭֪ԷȻˣϷҲܵǿѹ
ôǺˣʹö䡯ǽڱɵº޻֮
½ΨֶԷ˳ξȻ˲ƺˣֱ˳Ϊʮְȫλá
ʱ˿̣½˵ʹ⡮䡯ˣΪвǶ˵о
Ϸ漱ˣȴ֪ʱóȻ֣Ҳ޷ȡԷġ䡯
д󸨹Цʱ˿̣еĵ߶ЦˣһЦıһ
½ڻһʱ侹ȻЩˣա䡯вԷʱͻȻоһɷԼࡣ
ɷʮֵѸ٣Ѹٵ½ҲӦһɲǵĹһڿ֣ţ½˱һһ˶ȥ⡣
ôܣ˭͵ȥ˱ɵġ䡯
½ͽ͵һſеĿտҲжʱޱȡ
û˿巢ʲô飬Ʒȴǿ˸ţ˴½жȡˡ䡯
½˺һ٣ȴǸ֪˭ȡˡ䡯ЩŻĵҲѡ˳Ĭ
˾Ȼڱɵжȡ䡯ʵһǿޱȣֲ̫ˣΪЩߵ˵أʵ̫ˡˣɻǲˣٷذɣ
½һ㣬ߣĪҪ̫񣬱ɽзأǶȵڴ˴ɱ䣬ǱһŹǡ
д󸨸ճ˵ȴһ͵նԼǵ
½ĵд󸨣ͻȻ˲ƲеĵȫоĽ١
ϷҲĳһ˷ſǱŵˣǶԷٴʹ䡯Լ˿ڽӡ
½˲֮ͻȻ߿дһҽҽ˵˶ĤЩܲˡ
˴ߣ߾ߣ
ͻȻڿУȻһϮɫĳۣźɫĳӢϴаȵЦ⡣
ô찡
д󸨱ܵĸо־Ľ٣Ŀͻ翴šħһ㡣
ħˣ
е߾ֵĺߡ
ħԾݵɱħ
˺ȵ
һʱ䣬ĳߵ飬Ϊĵ񲷢
㣬͵˱ɵġ䡯
½˵γڿУڱѪһķŭ벻ʡ
ʱŷ½˱ǰʱΪǱѪؿڴȻһƬѪģ˿ھȻǱ˵ġ
û͵ġ䡯ֻġ䡯ôؿһжᴩζ𣿡
аȵЦԸǱӶϬĶ࣬½˱ֱѪ
½ͬһط˶θͷ½˵Ҳоġ
㣬Ҳʦʦˡ
ӸЦ
Ϸڷ֣ԭһԪǿŸ㣬
ϷҲһ˷ܣҲ𾴡
ɽ磬һʵΪʵٲȻѾʦʦ棬Ϸ֮ˣʱҲЩķִ硣
Ǻǣʦʦ̵зûʦʦ棬Ľأ
ЦĹ˵
ʦͽڴ˵໥˵Ѿ˶͸ˡ
ߴʱȻֻ½ˣ½˵Ҳǳ˻ںޣں޵ıԼһһεĴ⣬ȻСˡ䡯
Ǳס˵ö䡯½˵ʵҲ͵Ϯǣ˼仹ɽ磬ûкҩ½˾ĵط
ɵʦɵͽܣѵÿɳ𣿡
½˷ŭĺȵؿ֮ƺһʱ֮ҲȬ⻹ģ½ƵԪ֮ٴˣұһθΪء
ಣ
½еİâһһö䡯ˣһΣ½˵ĶޱȣȻ±ᡮ䡯
ʹ˵ö䡯½˵ʵҲȻάʹõö䡯ʱʵ
Ȼ½˴ʱʵ޷ռЩԵơ
½ʹʱȴӶЦ˶ԣˣں½˵֡
˸£֪㻹ж١䡯һʹóɣҪˡ


1490 
ЦǺǵ˵˫ȴǶ½ˣƺҪһС
½־ŭȴǲұֳ˿ĿֻţȵҪ̫֣򣬱ɾԲ飡ǺݣҪȥˣ˭赲㱾ƴԪԱҲҪɱ赲֮ˣ
һʱµ½˵룬ʣ޵ġ䡯ʱôἱҪ뿪أ
˵ֻö䡯ȻһԣʱѾʹ˵ö䡯ûС䡯ҲȽϹĵ⡣
ðɣ߰ɣҲˣ
̯˵ȻʧΡ
ʱ˿̣½æϿշȥ˲Ҳʹ
ϧ
Ϸ̾Ϣһ֪Ϊڴʱ½ȥɽ֮˽ˣֻ²Ժķչ
Ȼȴɷ棬ʱҲѾµͽܵ뷨ֻǲ֪½˻᲻µ
д󸨵˿޵Ķˣ½˵ȥֻĩվҪ١
ԼʮϢȥ½˵ӰѾʧ֮Уڵ߸ΪİΣʱͻȻٴδһҽУɰ̫ˣ
һĴӿг½䣬ȴ½ֻˣеĵ߾һ㶣֪⵽ôһ¡
γ½˵Ͽգеŷɽڷɽ֮δδѪ
Ȼ׼ӻɽ½һα͵Ϯˣңһα͵Ϯ֮ƸΪء
ͬһطθͷ½˼ҪԪԱˡ
˵ߣû˵Ҳ㣡Ȼɽˣβأ
½Ҳ뵽ˡħ
ͽõܵܣ
ϷӿЦŽкãҲֹסڿ趯ҲƳһۡ
㵽ô
½ʵ
ġ䡯ҲٻῼǷһ·Ǿƴ뱾һսɣ
λĳ·䣬ֱ½˵γһƽߡ
½˴ʱʣһö䡯ص£ʹö䡯ҲȻǶԷ˵Ķ֡
ʱԷв䡯ⷴ½˿Ψһһ˿ϣ
£ɽһ䡯Ըűȥ
½˳ʵⲻ֪һʣ֪ĵߡ
Կǣ
ЦŻش
УһҪӦҪģ򣬱ɲ㣡
½˵˵ΪԼԷ͵Ϯ˶Σﻹ
ܣٲŲΪһöơ䡯ʲôģڣȨУսٻ֮ءԹԽ䡯ҲкܴĻϣѡ񣬱ٸһϢʱ䣬ʱ䵽ˣ㻹ûѡǾݹֱٽ飡
˵֮䣬ɽ֮ͻȻӿɫĻ棬漸ɫҲֻ˲ſǿֲİɫ档
½˻ûκѡ񣬸ʱţʵʹ಻
õˣȻ䵽˵ĵز½˵г޾ķߺޣǣ½ֲԸԼŬ֮һ棬ԷսԼʱʵԿ϶Ǳذɡ
ʱһһķȥ½ʹһ˲䣬͵һ𣬴˵˵ĶԣɴʱѾûѡˣɳΰˣܵĺܲңö䡯ȥɣ
ǰһֿһöġ䡯ԼǰǸöһʵ
½ʹ߽һɣ⡮䡯㳯ƮȥǲŹǰķֽ֮롮䡯С
⣬Ͷˣǿɣ
д͵ĺʱֻߡ
ߣɱ⣡
һȣе߶ʱԭأдҲ׵롣
ѣѾһö䡯ñȥɣ
½˵
ŶòƳⲻŶҪ뿪Ұɣ
ĻӵüͷΪ֮һ壬ѵһ䣬ȴ뵽˲Ǿ֮ˣǱ㽫еͷ
ˣչģȻʦĺαȥ˵һΣĺճֻ֣ʦ嶼ᱻ½ɱ
һ룬ҲͲٹǷ½ˡ
ǰ߸ϣһ½ˣʱйƤﻹʲôƢ
ѣñȥɽԶлѡ
½˻һ䣬һ쵰ڱǰԳƱɣ㵱㻹Ǹ߸ϵ𣿡
֪ˣǰȥ
½ޱȥ˵ʹһеΪΧĵҲӲѡ
ȥҲǲܣȽΧЩȫɱˣҽǵԪ֮ץҪȥɽ磬ǲܵ顣
չֳаȵ飬Χĵȫһ㶣ţ˿ʼ˷ܡ
ӵһˣû᷵ɽ硣
Ļ½˵Ķɴ½˵һʼִҪ
øȻĹӣ
ϷЦ
Ӳˣܲˣ
ҡҡͷЦ˵˵ȴͲѡ
һѾ˶ǰЦЩ֮ˣɱҲãҪҳ֣˫֣ҲûһԪڵ


1491 
㣡ʲôɣ
Ӱڰ֣һЦ⣬ϷֺǺǵĿ½֮˲ýơ
½£ֻܼǴɱ򵺹Щߣһʱ䣬ϢҶɽϿȫ֡
½˵Ľ֮УݣдҲֻܲϵڽܡ
һ̵ɱ¾Ϊ½ˣˣʵȴҲһĵ߿Աġ
в£½ѾѡΪܹطɽ磬ʱȻ򵺹ߡ
ŵĵӣ½ҲҧɱΪȣҲǿġ
߲ϵҲ֮˵ķŭд󸨵Ĵ£ʣµĵ߾ȻŽͬԿ½˵ɱ¾
˫սţ½˱ϾֻһˣսҲЩ֧дһȫһߣ½˿⡣
½ˣı湻ģɱЩˣҲõ˶ʱ𣿡
ԵԶϺȵ½д󾪣չֳһϵʵΪʱѾ޷ʵˣЩ߶ԸˣԼûκλطɽ硣
½͵ķ߶ʱܣĵڽںţ½ʼ޼ɵɱ
ʱƽǰĲп᳡˵ĸУǿѪɽĳ龹Ȼʮ˷ܡ
һ֮󣬽нʣ»Ѫ½ˣҪôҪôԶ˿С
ƽʬ峯ɽ˶ʺѪҺӿ£Ѫζա
ѣѾȫɱЩǵԪ֮壬Цɣ
½˹ĵһԪ֮ķ΢ЦŽӹһѾ˷ŵսġ
սʩչԪԱˣƽ⿪ӴϵҲӿΧĿС
ǲŹ˱ʼտе
½һĴ㵣㲻ԼǱ˵ǶҲһԲ
ϷӸ½ˣ½ޱΣ㶵ԭأȻ֪߻
ǰɣʱľ磿
ӵӶɳˣ뵽ܻ˺õĻԵȻ˴˵пĶأ
ϷӺγˣ˫Ķţȴһ仰Ҳû˵
˵ȫѾϣ˫Ŀգâƣһ״̬ģ
ѷܻᣬʱӣʱ
½аϲƶʮɵλãȴ˶Լһۡ
һᱨģһʮֻ˴ε裡
½аԷģٴγϿշɶݣһΣȻûκǰ赲
һ½Ҳû˺֮ǣ͵ĳշǰۿžҪʱȴһЦ
ܣǾͱֱٽˡ
һõ˵½˲ŵĴӿе䡣
Ҫɱң
½ת䱸оǾ֮ɫ
ǼΪλоǰԼⲻܰ
½ת飬Ѹٵ˼š
׼طɽ磬ȴǺãԶɣ
ȵ½˼͵Ļᡣ
νնʱ½˻ûӦѾУ½бзͬҰްĺ
ô˭أ
ЦղŵĶǼ޷ǹԷһܵĻᣬ˭֪ԷȻмƣˣʱɱöԷ벻ҲöԷ޴ӱ⡣
ϷҲ˷ŵġ򡯲Ǽ󣬶еǲ֪ˡ
½ֱˣǱƵģʱǷӳǿʵȻûаֻʤĿԡ
Ƭ֮½˵Ԫ֮Ҳɫ֣һĸ㣬ֻҪԷԪֽ֮⣬ȻԽԪ֮ɡ
ǿˣԪ֮壬չʮĺôҪ࣬ˣҲмϲá
ɶû뵽ӢһͿһʱɾԪԱҲԲù
½
ŶԪԱĿǿԪԱǱپͷ뿪˵ء
Ц
䣡
Ԥ׵ģһֲıըͻȻ½ΪģһֱʮɷΧĿֲըߡ
ը󣬴Ļɽ͵ĿʼǴ֮Ҳʮߵľ캧ˡ

Ϸͬʱһ˼ɵľ룬ҲܵǿıըǿıըȻҲʮɡ
ȻԪԱˣ
ʱޱȣû뵽ԼȻ﷭˴ΣҲû뵽ԼİɫԪ֮ԱЧ
ˣҵģ
½˵ͻȻǺϷͬʱɱ졣


1492 
ǶǸ赲ɣǱɾͼʹԪԱʽͬھ
½˵ݺݵв
ϷӶһۣȴǸԿ˶ԷеĳɣΪ˶˸ղһĳǿʱ˿ɲѰ·

ӾʵʱҪĿѰ
ˣѾˣ˲СӣȻԻɵԪ֮壬ǱɵԪ֮Щ⣬ֻ»û취ӳǻΧ
½˵ƺҲЩ£ζһЩ
һΣ½ҲʮֲصĴۣڷսʧȥ壬֮һԪԱ˰˳ϵʣµֻжɲԪ֮
ˣ½˲ߣΨֻᱻŭ˷׷ɱ
ʱ½չֳνľ޷ŻϷӣǲ
εùˣ롮졯ʱ䶼ûУ徹ȻҲըƲء
ʱںУһǱϸ˺ۣϵսҲãٵطѾǿĹ̴
½ΪѾڸղŵԪԱˣԲŸרĶԸϷӡ
ϷЩ嶯һ˳˹ȥҶסϷٷҲȫΥӵ
󣬲һģ
߶
㿴ʬǶըûˣ㻹˵Ǻε
ϷƵ˵ʶѾΧ飬ȴûϢ
ֻһ߶ѣ˾ˣǾֻܸʱɱЩûȤǲǱɾǶ
½˵˵ûнӶ˵ˡ
ߣһ˵Ҫ˭Ĺأ
ͻȻڿУξ½ǧҵλá

пϲû뵽Ȼ󣬱ԪԱͻϮҲûΣա
ǰɣҲˣ
ϷӿŵĽеֻ˫֮ȴЩʪȻЩ
˵˼½ǸΪʣµĲԪ֮ڿбɢ
ⲻܣɵԪ֮ɷΧڣըҪԶԶϷǿĹӦǾʵıըôܻţ
½˵ţԸҲǰġ
ŶǲǺܲأҪһԪԱ
ĵ˵ֻһ½˵Ԫ֮壬б²һЩ顣
½ʱԼʱʩչԪԱ𣿶ңԼʩչƾԼʣµԪ֮壬κɱԷĿ
ಣ
½˵Ԫ֮͵˲룬ķɽ̽ǽٲȻŰɫ档
һ֮£½˵Ԫ֮ҽһȻ˲ն˶֣Ȼֻһˡ
ηٵڿתеķɽնЩ潣ţ½˵ĲҽҲԽ

½ҽţԪ֮屻ϵķָ½˵ʶҲһΪΪģܿԪ֮Ļ֮С
ӣ½˵ĲҽѾƽԪ֮塣
ĽЩɢԪ֮˺УȻ˲Ӷߡ
ʦʦ棬ǿ뿪
䣬αѾŶ֮˲ƣϷҲ룬˲ƹ켣
֪ͨ˶ͽܺŶѸٵķؾ֮һԪڣ˸ո뿪ú󣬵ɽ֮ͻȻһɫߡ
˭˭ɱ˱ɵʦܣһΪʦܱ𣬱𣡡
ĺڵ֮ţһֱ˺ϣߣߣħߣ޲սľΨֱ׷ɱ
һԪڵһ㳡ϣϷüѯʵΪʲô뿪ϷıԻδֳʤأ
ҲһɻǱ㶥ȴĻش
˸һͷˮ֮ʱǿдߣ֪ʲô顣
صͻȻ¶һɵЦ⣬һһߴͻȻǰ
ţʦ塣
һ۱ϳţæϲĹ
񣿹겻ֶȲ갡ϢΪٰ
ţһֱ㿴˾ΥˣЩ˷ܣǱЦǺǵ˵
ޱ϶ûʦΪǿ󡣡
ϹϾĹ񣬶ţǷĵ𾴣Ϊ֪ʦҪõֵܡ
ʦҵ۸ˣ죬ʦԱԣʦҲԽ㼸С
ţЦǺǵ˵Ҳˣֻʶ̽Ϊֻһ̽飬ţ
ʲôȻ̽鲻ΪСӵΪôôǿ󣿼ǵֻһ׷Ѹ١
ţĿɿڴû뵽ʵȻﵽĵز
ðʦָ֮á
񹧾
ţѣּˣ
Ӹ뵭ȻһЦϵ׺ţҲɴ˺ܾá
ӣţͻȻомѣⲻʦ


1493 
ţμǰ
ţһҲҷ
ֵܣ˿
΢Ц
Ǻǣ
ţɵЦӣޱĽǿʦ
ţ㻹ɵվŸʲôʦҵǺ˵ҵʦʦ
ЦǺǵ˵ţٴδ㶣ȵӦţ̹ڵأĳƺǰϣţΪͽţʤм
Ӻû뵽ԼȻֶһͽܣͽܻǿġ
ʦôøͽһӰɣţ츳ҿͽ°ɣ
ЦаȵЦҲЩз
ΪʦӦأ
һ˵
㣬ν
֪ڿЦǱνЦ仰ţһš
ðɣҲνˡ
ţ˵ӣҲţ쳣˷ܡ
СӣôμϷ򣿡
Ϸӽһᣬȵ
ķͷʲôˣôװͰ͵ġ
ţȥȴһòͷݺݵĶԼжʱЩջ
ȴǵȻһЦҲ˵ƾϷӷӡ
ţһȴҲûʲôʾǱ㽫һ᣺˭ѽֲʶ㣬ƾʲôҪΰ㣿ôΰأ
ˣûûСļһ
Ϸƺŭʵ˫Ц⣬ֻţȴһŭͷ
ţܣһŮӣԼʶͷõģҲ֪ʲôͷ
ʦʦ֣ͷ۸ңǰҳͷ
ţޱ֮ˣʱæ˵
ͽܲϷӣ㲻ɣ
ЦǺǵ˵Ȼţı֡
ţ㶼֪ʲôˣҪҰ㣬б¡
ЦǺǵ˵ʱǾţʮȤȻˣһǰα
ţһͷˮæ񣬡˭
Цشʦ壬Ҳʦʦү
˻һţˣٿϷʱȴȻʦү
ţݼʦүղŲ֪ʦүݣе֮ʦүͷ
ţ⵹Ϸĵͷ֪Сɣ´οҪʦүĳࡣ
С죡
а
ˣԹɣţ֮Ѹ뿪ҪΪ˲õԤУԤһ֣Ҿ֪вõ鷢
Ȼ˵ȻûǰЦģ
ΪʦҲвԤУһ˵ΪʦԽǿҵĸоʱĲ֮
ƺ뵽˻УȻ֧ԤС
ǵԤеʲôΪʲôϷȴû˿ԤУ
ϷЩƵʵ
Ԥе·ңʵԲɱ˲
˵Ϸвһ
ӺȻָȻһϵе־ɫԽأ˵ĵȴ£˵˵ûȻ·˾ɱ˵ʦ֣˷·ӦΪǸʧȥ˱𡣡
ʦԤ֮ȻҸӦ޼
аʵһЩϸڣ˵֮£ڵɽѾǰԤҲߵ֮
ߵĿ죬ڵ˾ݣ㰲ȫˣ
ϷӺٺһЦ
Ժιʣ
ʵţĿɿڴôƺʦΪ硣
֮½ˣԲǰݣȻݣҲͲ
Ϸ϶˵
ǿɲһħսڼһ鶼ԳƶϡЩݣҿҲûʲô˹ǡ
˵ɫ˫ҫĹâ
ԣǻҪǰ׼һǸɱݱǿҪӦս
һվĹ۵ϣϷЩȴ
ȻһԪڣҪ
˵һѾʧԭء
ҪΪʦֵһѹϷأòôˣҪϷΪһԪ£ϷһԼŬãϷȥȾˣǼġ
ϷҲ˲ʧ
ڶߺ֮ľҲ࣬Ȼǲκξĸо
иĶ࣬һΣħսһһԪǽΪֱӵսܹŹһΣҲ÷ɽˡ
лЩģʱ˿̣һֱˣЩȥ飬ȵˡ
ôȥˣҲЩңҲ֪ΣֻǣһεħսᲨݣ浣˻⡣
ţħսһͷˮһͺţŸоʧ̬ԡ
ȻһԪڣҪȥһˡ
˸󣬶뿪һԪڡ
ݳϿգŵͿշУʶ˷֣Źκһط
ħսǰҵǳʲô⣬һں޵ġ
ʱЩԼӦȥѰǵģħսһԼȥѰǣƺЩˡ


1494 
һܿȥˣѰһ磬ȴǲްջֻΪʵ̫ҪѰˣѶ
ʱ䣬ѰˣֻȻûջԸٶѰʱͻȻԼǰ
ʲô
ӵȻʵ
ʦѰҹˣħսڼҵǻΣա
ûʵش

˵һѾʧ֮⡣
ֻܸȴ˼ʦҪԼʲô
һ·޻ֱӷһԪڣɻˣԼѰˣûѰҲŬˣʦôҪԼһԪأ
ھһƬ㳡ʱȻһԪڵĺĵӾȻˣϷҲڴ˵ء
һɫҲоЩĪϵϲɫѾµ˲ʲôҪԼϡ
˵ͷ΢Ц²ʱ򣬾һԼԺ
УӴԼһɽɽΧȼһյյ͵ƣ͵ƵһĻЩеˣһҲʶ
ţͻȻͣȻʱоȻһɢǿ壬ϵһ״ķɽ
ôΣ
ЩƵţţԺٴת˻棬У˾ȻԼǰЦųӵԼ龹Ȼһ׵ĳԼǰ˵ЦҲɸоһԳ
ڴʱٴλصʵУиΪɻˣ֪׷ʲô飬ԼԺôֵĻ档
ʲô룬Ҳ߻ħ򡣡
һڿ񣬽ȴǵɽˣʱһӰԺУǱЩƣһƽ׶ӿŭʱڶ֮ϣ˫ֳа׹⣬Ķžݵķƺԥʲô
ʮϢ֮ͻȻ̾һŭӣȵţһΪʦܱġһɱ㡣һԪڣǻᱻ𡣡
ôģ
ͻȻͣЩɻ
ʦֻ֮ħսе㵣ġ
˵ȻûԼԺôָָͬĻ棬ңЩ滹Щҡ
һˮɣ̫żֻҪҵȾˣħսҲõġ
Ӱοģÿָ㵽δʱܻЩģΪħսһԪڵĴ֮ա
֪ˣʦ
æشȴ֣ԼԺеĻ浽ʲôǲΪ̫ˣԲԺгЩõĻ档
ӵ΢΢¶һ˿ЦЦȴδĸӦ
˼ǰߣʱȴǲУΪɻˡ
㲻һΪδʱʦΪ㲽У
ʵȴͣȻǰȥ
ʦȻʦĿģʦʲôʵأ
شлЩ֣ΪЩͬȫһ𣬶ʦȴԼһԼδĵط
˴ʱһɽ۷壬Խǰߣɽ·Խͣڶ˽ɸ֣һ㶸͵ɽ·ʲô
ԼĪ˰ʱߵɽ۵ıԵشʱһʯڶǰ
ͻȻֹʯʯȴһȻڴʱͻȻɽ죬ܿ죬ʯ쵽֮ߡ
һԪڡ
ʯдɫĴ֣ɫĴϦҫҫĹʡ
ڴΧһеС֣ɽЩּѸٵĿһ飬֪ʯϼһԪҪء
ԽʯһԪڵĽ֮أźĵҲ֮СϹŴػ룬ˡ
ɫƽ˵ƺ˼ʲôԵЩԥ
ֻǵͷδ˵
Ӿֱߵʯ֮ǰͻȻһɽգɽʯϾȻһ󽣻
ʯϵЩּҲڴʱ˱仯ԭеּͻȻʧȡ֮ȴ÷ɽּ
һУ˿Ĵ⣬Ľʹ÷ɽĹ
ףչһ׽⽣Ƽ򵥣ʵ̲Ÿӵĵÿһ޾ı仯
һᣬͻȻЩʦڴԼһַǳĽ
ʮֵרעɽʯϿ̻ٶҲԽԽ죬θǲڿתţڴʱˡ
ԺһֵĻʱæϢ⻭ȥ򣬾޷ӵĽˡ
ԼĪʱֹͣʯϵּҲȫתΪ顣
ʦּǿ㣡
Ц˵仰治ƨΪӵּͬһ˵ţо
ΪʦղŵĽס˶٣Ϊʦǰʱһʾ齣һΣ֪ΪʦҪʾ飿
˵ʱ۾ȻʯƺڻʲôƵġ
ʦ׽ʲô֣
ʵ
΢΢һЦȻЩԺ˵׽ΪһԪɾ
һԪɾ֪˽к֮


1495 
ӵ۾ʵԺȴŸղʩչĽ
۾ڿڵ˽ųһԪ֮ΪʦʩչһԪɾսʱٿһʵȻʹֽҲݸ츳Ҳʹ׽ʱǿʵңһԪڵܣֻһԪڵſѧϰһԪɾ
ԣҲ΢΢һû뵽һԪڻĽǣƺѾһ˵ľ
ʦҡһԪɾǲЩ֮أ
лİʾ
ӾȻһЦж󣬾ҪеΡһԪڣʦѾĶ֡ʹαʦʦҲĶ֡Ҳ˵һԪʵĵһˣԣΪʦѾ¶ģһԪ֮λ㡣
ʦڿ޷е˴Σħս֮ǰһкܶҪȥֻ»˵һԪڵĴ¡
룬ǿЦ
ݵһڣǻлᵱһڵֻ»ἤĪƴǡ
ӺԼΪ̣ȻѾȥ꣬ǵʱʱҲơ
Σ޷ӱܵġΪʦҲǿ㣬ҪΪʦĽǶȿǣҲҪΪһԪ˿ǡħս٣˾һԪڵһˣңǻԶʦ֮ϣ㲻һԪڵֻһԪڵľ޴ʧ
ģûôѡһԪںĵӣֻ࣬Ҫһ£ҶԲΥңʦʦһԪڣҲ㴦һЩֵ飬㻹ʲôõĵġ
ӸЦʼճ˶Ρ
ðɣǵӾͽʦ顣ֻǣҵһԪ֮ϣʦԽҶһԪڵһЩı䡣
ͷӦ
һй㣬ֻҪǶһԪ飬Ϊʦ㣬෴Ϊʦ֧㡣
һЦ˵
ʽΪһԪڵǰĹؾ͵̸ı䡣ǿġһԪɾôֻһԪڵſأһ׽һԪÿһӣ˵ʵѸ
ʯ˵ɫΪ֮һ䣬ûϵ뷨
Ӷʯ̾һȴҲΥԼղŵĻֻЩ£ȼǵԼҲ뷨ֻȴʼûȥʵʩһȴǿԺ޹˼ɵȥʵ뷨
бףǱ֮͵ѧˡһԪɾֻº᲻롣
ӳ
ʦ뷨ͬ⡮һԪɾδؾͻܿһԪ֮⣬ң˳ȥһԪֺξ֮С
һԪ֮ǿһԪڵ츳ѣʵھԳۣȻˣ׽˳ȥҲᶯҡһԪڵĸ෴ֻٽһԪڵĵӸŬ
ֱӵıԼĹ۵㣬һĳ˼״
֮ðɣͰ˵İ죡һԪڵĵʵҲ˲һµĲΡ
ͨˣоȻظĸо
ʦǿ֮ˣ˿ʦʵ˵ӵĸ֡
м˵
ӵһЦת˻⣺ʱȡ㻹ǵʦղʹĽҪʦ飿
ŶǵòǺȫʦһ顣
Ȼ˵ʵѾȫӵĽʱٴһ飬Ϊ˱Ƚһ´˴εĽղкβ֮ͬ
ӵͷһеķɽٴγʯų佣
ĿתĸӵĽڿ⽣ڲͬˣ˽ھһ漣Ϊ⽣һԪͬʱʹʱȻԴһԪҲǡһԪɾ֮ʵԭڡ
ǹۿ⡮һԪɾ㲻ӵڶϣѾ׽ġ
ʦһ飬ӻЩطδܿ塣
ͻȻڵҲЩɻѵ츳ҪԼ
ӵųԼסһԪɾˡ
Сӣѵǹֵ츳һ㣬ΪһЩ
а룬ʹһԪɾʱӳԾĵɴ˫ۡ
ۿӻΪǸԼΪʹַڿתȣȫԼһģһ
ʦô
΢Цʵ
һ飬Ľ㲻Ϊʦ֮ˡ
ʵش
ʦûһԪɾΪߵʵ
ͻȻʵ
һ㶣⣬Լûǹֻ֪ʹһԪɾʱƺֵĸоɱӡ
һԪɾ֮ǹ̶ʮУ˽һ֣⼴ԡһԪɾΪģʽԱ仯Ժųơ
˵ԺУһʾһԪɾһֱȴǱ仯޾ǹ̶ʮн
Ī⡮һԪɾǰܼʶΪʲô˵˽ɳ֮ΪѵǺĲɣ
ǣӶ˽⣬֪ڴʱſڿӡ
ʦ㿴ʾһ顮һԪɾ


1496 
˵䣬ѾվʯǰһΣδзС
һʱӱ㱻ˣΪһ롮һԪɾʮƣȴ롮һԪɾĵһЩͬ
ȫעβеķɽ·ɣǸӶĽ򽣽ʯϣʹڲͬĽƵƵͷԭ⡮һԪɾʹ
Сӣڿ±ֽ֪ãѵƾ츳ģ
һ𾪣˫۸ĶĽУȴԽʮʽÿһʽֽʮϣʮ˳ĴҲĽΪ
ԭֻʮʽĽУȴǳ޾ı仯
ʱ˵ĸоͬµİһнһУвʧ֮
ӿаʱһͻȻһȫͬĸо
ĽϵĴʯǽ·ʱһֻĴⲻ㽣һĸݡ

ӹƳƵȴĽٴθıһΣͬһ㣬һֲԤУʽȻڡһԪɾĻݱ䣬ʮݵĽб쾡µչֳ
ʱ˿̣ٴηкоȻĪΪ֮
ﬣ
սһļҲЩ˷ܣû뵽ԼѧǿĽԺ޶˳ֵĻҲ⡮һԪɾڡ
ʦ⡮һԪɾȻһʱ֮ҲаԺҲڼϰ⡮һԪɾ
ֽɽ֮ϣжⴴһԪɾ֮ҲΪ塣
ѾΪʦ̫ľϲû뵽ΪʦϰһԪɾ֮ãȴǲ⡮һԪɾľڣǲ
а룬Ҳų֮ɫ
һԪɾ٣ʩչġԣΪʦû뵽⡮һԪɾ̺˶ı仯
һȻ֮ɫԺлǰĽ鲻Խһ֡
ʦҲԡ
ЦóλãнףԼԺеЩͼҲǲ֮ףԼ˾޴ĺô
ѧƣԷɽʯһʩչȫͬġ
ϸעӵĽ⽣ʵ̫ˣÿ˶ʩչĽʦʱʩչĽǰҪǿࡣ
ֹ˰СʱһЦפ㣬ж⡮ĸ
Ϊʦɣס˵һԪ֮ߵĲκβ㽫Ϲ󷨵Ĺ
¶΢ЦѾ֮Ȼûе£֮ʩչĲ
ڿ˼ϢȥҪӿҲĸĲ
Ƭ֮ͻȻǰ׹һԼȻһİ֮ء
ǰһƬ֣Щرֱͬɽһ㳯ͦš
ǰǸɽǱΪʦҪǰȥĵط
ָԶһɽ˵
ɽ
аȣֻһ۱㷢ɽԼԺиֵɽһģһ
ѵԤδΪʲôԺз飬ʵҲᷢ
оʮ֣Լƺǵغ󣬱츳
㶣ҲΪȻԳǰɽȥ
Щеĸں棬ԺѾ뵽ɽ֮е飬ʱɽĳѾǰԺ֮С
ŶԭʦҪϵʽȻһԪҡ
ǰԤ⵽˽
ɽһԤϺƫڸһԪڵӽһԼһԪ֤
Ӳμ
ӹ⵹ܳæڰ֣ʦ
ԺԲóƺΪʦˣΪһԪڵ㽫һԪȨƵˡ
Ȼ˵
ʦˡʲôˣ㻹ҵʦȨ޹أȨ޹ءȻ˵ҵ󣬿оȨôڱ㽫ԶʦⲻΪκı䡣
֣˵ижжԽϲ
˴ɽ߳ʱٲȻѾΪһԪ
ڳΪһԪڵҪѰˣǽ׾ٵ顣ֻҪʩݵ߶㳲ΪѰЩ˵䡣УһԪ´ھͬЧˣֻҪЩ˻ţһѰҵǡ
Ц˵Ϊڴʱ֮λԼˣԭһжΪԼǡ
ʦллΪһУҾԲǵġ
ڳΪ֮󣬶ӵ̬ȷӹˡ
һԪڵǰʱ˶һԪ¡صڣǶһԪĲΰݡ
Ϊ󣬾ϷҲһԪ쳣𾪣ΪӵʱϷҲֻһ֣𾴵ڡ
ӽ֮⴫˻࣬һֱŵЦ⡣


1497 
ڳΪڷ˵һѰˣһԪŵĵ̽ϢݾڣݵϢ쵽֮
ڶ£˵ɽ۱ԵԽһԪɾڸһԪڵĺĵӡ
ĺôǼޱȣимȫ¸ı䡣
֮ڣһԪںĵӷ׷оһԪɾԽ£˸ǷˡһԪı仯
´һҲƵǾǷΪ˼ǵһԪʱһдС񽻸Ӵ
ΪϷҲΪһԪףϷӷһԪڵһϣҲһԪڴϣϷʵá
ڽһԪڵ鴦Ϻһ뿪һԪڡ
ѾõҲˣһһԪڵ⣬ԺеĳǿԤ֮
ڤڤ֮Уܹ֪ܶಢδ飬ȻѰĪİ
λסֱӱƵݵλá
£ʱţ뿪ҲмʱˣʱڣΪȡ˷ͻƣһֱҲ޶ϾʱѰŮ
һΣΪһԪڵҲûǵԼҲ˻δִɽ綼пܡ
ʱѡһݾֱӴӶϻɳĮȻִ˼ط֮㵽ɽ磬ƵУҪưݣԣ㻨ѼʱҲδؿԵִɽ硣
Ѱ˵ϢѾ˳ȥݣе߶жΪѰҵ˵߽õصʹ͡
һԪڵʹͣ߶ԣζԶԣרѰˡ
ִλɽһ߳ǣпִܵĵط
˿ڷܣæµţһȺȺҲ˵ֻǵ̽һ̱̽꣬ʧǰ
֪һԪĺôһ߶Ϊܶ
ڳлĲУʶ򻺻ӳȥһֱС֡
ȻʶѾﵽ˲ߵľ磬ʶڴ̽飬ȴδκεĿֻš
ֵֵϵһЩƷȺڽͷЩ˵ΪҲѾ߲ˡ
ߣ໥֮ҲнףһԣʯλģҲкֱܶӵﻻķԣķԶԶĺùǰߡ
ɾרſһĽֵʵıߵİȫȻгȡһĺô
ʱֵ˱ģΪЩ׵˲ûзս
ѣɣиָķǵȤķƷӦоа
һݵ߶ĭɵĽԼķ
ŶûȤ
̵˵ѾƿȴΧиŮϵеװƷвһ
ƲŮ̯λʱŮӵʱǰһæ΢ЦŽܵѣǺ۹⡣ķԪӤڵƵģǧСЩСͷǵǲͬ졣㿴ǿĹͷһѪؼʱ̻Զ
ŮһԼķƺϲ£죬Χ̯ЩƵŮӡ
ˣҿصĲЩ
ʱŮӵĻ
ŮĿɿڴǵһ˵˹򷨱ǿġ
Χ̯Ҳ׷״ȴǸɸ֡
ﵽΪʵ£ܹܵǿϢڱȻֻɢڵΪ˶Ϊͨ
ѣĪѰ￪ģطα￴أ
ŮЩƵ˵
ҲֻǾķʽЩǵװƷһкܶŮϲ
Ц˵Ůӵ
ѵΪֻڣĪǳѧߣ
ŮӼʵȴЩ֣ݣΪڵߣ˸ҵǰһǰġ
ķҵΪûʲôϵɣˣôģУҲƯҲ򼸸
һЦʵ
ŮǻɶԷ𣬲ˣȻŹᡣ
ѣĶַʽãһʯ򣻵ڶɹԷģƷĲ
Ůһ˵
ЩԼʵǼ۸񣬶ԷȴһѻѸЩĺã˷ԼĲʱ䡣
ɣɹ
˵֮䣬ѾһսƷصʲôû
ʱԳŮǰŮӵĿ㱻˹ȥ
ֹΧЩ̯Ҳɴ˫ۣƺҪ浽ʲô
һѵǵһôľ˲ע⣬˵죬벻


1498 
ϰа
ѣ콫ǵ̸
ϰѵ
һᣬԼȻνģֻ֪⹦ŮǸ֣֮˵ˣŮӴʱԼԼҲΪһ
ಣ
ʧˣȻΧļ̯ȴȻ¶̰һƺѾµǹĵȼ
ˣǱǿˣǺá
ϰҪ⹦ȴ¸Լ鷳ʱоᡣ
鷳
ЩΧ˿ˣԽǹϰһţֹ
ϰ⣬Ҳͻȥˣ±ϸ۲ֻһСᣬϰɫò
үǵΪĸֲӵеķ
ϰѿڶճڣȴЩǵĿΧ
ʹõ
Χһ̰˵׹ϰһ
ѣⷨ޼֮еķȲһ㻹ǿ뿪ɣ򣬻дͷ
ϰͻȻ򻹸ߴ뿪
ֹֽ֪򶷣ϰҲΪж
ҪĶûõȻ뿪ⷨеķΣ
˵Ǻη塣
ϰаȴûκôǱͷ
̯ѡһַЩôƯûȡȻǷϰ
ϰ˲һɽɣ
һӣһҫâķɽ㵽ϰǰ
Ʒɽ
ϰﾪ
ôصķ򲻿ɽܡջأ
ϰϽ˵Խˣû뵽Ϊǿ꾹ȻֲһֱǼƷķ
˺õļƷɽ㲻ҪҪˡ
ڵǸ̯͵ĺһȡɽ
ҵģ
˺ɽȻ˵ᡣ
ǿ˵ķɽǲᡣ
ϰＱˣ뵽ᳯʧصķչ
ȴǲֻƽĿһĻᣬǼ˼ᣬȴʹΪϽֹʹȡ
ϰҲ뵽ȡսУȻĿĽΪ
һʵЩ֮⣬Լ򵥵һ㶫ȴ˵ᡣ
ʵϣķɽԣֱǶţÿɱһߣȡķӵкռ޴Ĵ洢䣬ˣѾѷ˺ķ
ס֡
һϺһ㣬˶һ㶣ʱȴһ壬ʱˡ
Ǭ컯£ǾȻǿѵǱ޷𣿡
һЩ֮˶Щ㶡
Ǹɵӣⷨҵġ
һŲһȻ

Ц
ĹѾ˼ˣʱûɽѵ⣬дŭָŭҰСӣȻү֪ү˭𣿡
쳣ŵĺȵ
ΧѾΧߣ뷲˽һͬ֡
ҰС˭أ
ŲæĴʵ
Ȼ㣡
ѸٵĻش

˷ӦݵѾЦ˶˵Χ£ǼҲ˼˵ɽˡ
Ұˣ㲻ˡ
˷Ӧ׺ݵĺȵҫ׹߷׷ױܿĿ⡣
Ѫģȴȱɱˡѵ˼û̫ƽʢ𣿡
̾һӣȻѾ߸ץס
ôܣԪӤڵߣ㲻ڣôһסң
߲ŵʵ
ֹΧ߶Щˣܿ죬Ѿ³ΪҪôʹعҪôһǿߡ
ղŲҪɱڣɱѽ
ָץסԷŲæʵ
ãָҷӣһҸɱ㡣
Ȼ
ŶΪʲôҪ㣬ȻɱңѵΪҺһޱھɱ㡣
ЦʱöԷʶһԼֶΡ
ѸٵȻ£ǣ֪ȥֵȴĹɲֲġ
ڲɱң˵ؽƶŹɱңҲû߳
˾ȻЦƺͦġ
һᣬжѸٵĸ˹һ֣Χ㰲ࡣ
ס֣˵ؽֹŹΥߣɱۡ
һɭȻȵ
ס֣ɡ
һ˵Щɳƣȴһı䡣
ãִˡ
ϰЦæеķɽ󣬲ȴûǶ˵۾
ಣಣ
ͬʱ˲ƣһ˵ǰһϰߡ
˵ؽǿֹͣ򣬺ߣ
һݸߺ˶Ц

һһֺֻ֣Ķϰȵ


1499 
һ֣߾Ȼˤڵ
ϰ￴һһЦʵ˵ʲôҪҸʲô
װˣԺ̯ˡ
ֺĺɳ˵ɫɫĴִ֡ӡ
ϰΣʱԥŸòý˵ķɽֺĺȻγķɽ
ϰлл㣡㽫ɽɣ
˵ϰ̾ϢһŽеķɽ
ǺǣµǱνʶʱΪˣˣǶҪսԵ֮С
ݸ߸˺Ѹٵ˾Ȼ㳯ֺĺ¶һЦݡ
ǲȻΪһ˽֣ڱûգǶǵССͷԺٴ£ִϢ
ֺĺҲ˵ϵǺĬһֹסŹһȡ
ΧǸŭԣһ㶵Ŀ֣к߾ȻһЦ⡣
Ƿ𣿡
ݸ߸˴ʵһİ֮ɫ
ӲССִߣ㿴˭ŵĵӡ
ǸǱĴӵһ׺ࡣ
ţ鲻ðˣ
ݸߺа룬˴һȻֿۡ
Ǵɣʧʧ֪ʲôݣ
ݸߺ˿ɲɵӣʱʣһԷĵϸǰʾԷŵģϵǿ
ˡŵҵ壬ӽ
˵ͬʱѾһɫƣʾݵ֤
ִߵ۾䶾ֻһ۱㿴ŵ־Է˵ֶҲƭ֮١
ǶԷƭˣִӳԣѾ˶ԷĻ
ѣǺͷ˵
ݸߺһЦ
ʲôͷʲô飿ѵִӰֻԷͷ˭ͷ˭е͸չ˭𣿡
ֶķʵ
һߣȻִߵĲ磬Ҳû뵽һʣôߣҲоЩϹȥ
ˣ㵱ִߵĻǶϷ𣿼Ȼﷸ£Ҫӹ̣ܽ㻹ʵʵĻش⣬ҪƱ硣
ݸ߸ҧȵ
ðɣҾһɢޣôѵң𣿡
Ц
ϻʲôǾץȥѺ
ֺĺ˵
ûΪʵشҵ⣬ҾץȥѺ
ݸ߸ϵ˵ָָֺˡ
˰ɣǣ˰ɣҲѾûķ˴˰
ϰڴʱ˵ȰִҲ̨׿¡
һ˷£ȵľ˸̨¡
ðɣϰķϣξˣ´ΣΪ֮
ݸ߸ڰ˵һ˱Եӡ
УǶ˸ղҲˣҪɱӣǲܴ£ӻȥһ˵˹иʱִĳҲĲ㡣
˵ƺҪŶִԱͷңʮֵǿӲ
ִҲǰԿЦѾԽ飬Ϊѹʱֵýд
飬ȴǺܿЭ顣
ΥֵĹ涨ȻǿзսѾγڣǶһˣ
ݸ߸ָȵ
⻹ࡣˣǷɽӵģ۵ļһ̣컹ӡ
˵öִʮֵƣϴľСӣСȴҪǷɽöִοϸġ
ѣݱִ˽˷ɽ˲ģȻģΪλҪұ֮ȡ޻̸֮
ݸ߸˵һҲ뽫
ߣӲŲǽðɣɽ˭ģǵģҪǲӣھϵʰǶ
ԽţŵԵǶִߡ
ޱȣ˼ǺȴĲҵˣһӵϡ
СӣĴûﶷŹ
ݸ߸ɽӸȻһͨ
ֵܣɱɣѾΥ˹涨ճ涨ɱ⡣
ģеķɽѾָؿڡ
Ѿõ˷аϲʱæ˵ѽǿɱɣıҪǲɱǾͺһ
ԣвɰԺЦɽϷһЩ龰ҲͬС졣
Щ߱СִԱǳǹܣͬٶһǹٹ໤ԺΪ
ĸһУ֮ԱͬڿˣȻ⼸ȴһ֪Ȼڴ˵ػֵĵɪš
ϰٴΪ飬Ƕִȴһ̬ϰκӡ
ϰ͵͵˷ɺôǣȴⲻӣڵҪ뿪
ԽԽоЦˣԼżȻ·ͷĺڰֻ֮һССĽֵ˺ڰݸĵطأǸΪڰ


1500 
ǲҲᣬʱˣȻԹۣΪԷĿԼԼҲ㲻ˡ
ǶڱǰСУǻ߱ٻɱ٣ѵǵ۾Ϲ˲ɣٸղ˵һɢޣƭǵġ
ͻȻ˼֣ҲǼˣ仰аԴĦ
ʲô˵ʲôĻʱ˵һλߵִһ㶣ȻٿʱȴôҲֻһƽɢޡ
һƽɢޣô˷һҲںƷķңִӣһҲû˿ĺ£ŵƺҲηӣôʲôͷأ
˶治ѣһ²ţݸ߸ڱȭʵѣŶеִ֮񣡻˵ݣҷᡣ
ݣ˵ˣǻӣǸʲôڵʲôڵ˱Ҳֻйݵķݡ
һתԽţҪţʱҪԶԶĳԡ
˽ԲţִţΪڵʲôݣǰݡ
𣿷ǲŵģƾǴţˣߺߣǰţ᲻úġ
һҲԡ
ô
΢ЦķʵһӣͬһֻһὫ
ſң
󾪣ŵĽе
²ðɣǾȶһ࣬ڲԡ
˵䣬ֻϵһŴͣ˳ͷ
ּ䣬һҽУѾڵأ˫ͬʱסָͣ䲻ϵӿѪ
赭дһ֣ȴǶִҲסˣôִ涯ֵģν֮٣ȻԷ϶еͷ
ѣ㵽ʲôͷǲ˵±㲻ô򵥽ġ
ݸ߸˵
ðɣҾ˵ɣһԪҲ
һһٵ˵
˻һڽĬȻűһľ
һԪڣݣͻȻ֪Ľֵ˾÷˼
˵һԪڵһԪڵһͨӳҲȻ˸ǣµһڣݵһڣ˭ȥǣǲˡ
ȻĻǲţΪ⻰ȸղŸţֱŵĳ˵֪
һԪڵôܻ
ִֺǳ
ǳⱾߣ
ɵ˶Է̣ҲʲôִֺͻȻ㷢˾ֶͳĽ
ȴͷһѪӡǣӡǾȻһֱӶͷȥһᣬִֺѾɴ˫ۣķֳɶƬһߵȥ
ɱ
˷׷ȻѣӵԪ֮ɲǼ塣
Ԫ֮Ҳӣ
ȻЦ˵ţ⻰ִֺУڴ
ӵԪ֮ƴҪߣȴֱһǿסˡ
ԽԽ޷ѵ£ӵԪ֮㱻ɵˡ

һУӵԪ֮УʱƣӵԪ֮徹ȻвϵС
ӵԪ֮ȵĻҲ޷ܿСƴС
ֺ£ȻӵԪ֮ץУ֮һ˷׷
ٴʱӵԪ֮ѾΪһƬѪ΢΢ѪҲʧ
һ˲ĹѾˣ⺧˵һסˣΪӵΪҲΪǰС

ݸ߸ĿһУĹڵأиǲϵķ
ܹ⡣
赭д˵ݸ߸ȼϣ
ǰСģС飬ǰ֮ǰԭ°
ݸ߸ĵ
ǣҪҲӦ⣡
ɵһЦݸ߸ϵı齩סˣҲû뵽˵Ļ

һݸ߸Ҳ˲仯ΪϣԪ֮ƺҲĽΡ
ǰ
ʱ֪ǿ󣬼ǱնͷʹԪ֮巢
ղŲǺ㻹е壬Ҫǰôģ
ĵ˵
ðǰ̾ǰ
֪ԼǲӦֻ»̱ԷɱǲǱָǰԼ
ðɣҾ͸ʱ䣬ʱڣ뵽ɡ
Ц˵ԺѾ˲ٹڼʱ֮Ԥ⣬ԺУһɫӰ˲Ƹлڲϵĺȡ
⣬ӰҲԺУȻȴܾΣΪڵԤҲֻģģԤ⵽δһ֣ܶζֻƬΡ
Ȼͣڴ˴ԭ򣬾йأҲȻɢ
ѾѶϢǰԼΧЩԽԽ࣬һɴ۾
ղЩٷɽģԾվ


1501 
ܣƽ˵
ȺУɪɪȴ˭ҲԸվ
ȲˣЩˣһϴҲһٲǱٱǾ壡
ȵ
С֪ˣ
һͨǰţǰݡ
жˡ
ܣ˫ͬǹҫ
ҲڵأЩǷȡɽ֮ˣϰҲû뵽ǿĸ֣ʱЩ֪롣
ͨ
ϰҲڵأҲаΪλ˵Ϊ
ǰЩֻһʱ̰ȴδȥǰǰк֮£һ·
ϰﾹȻΪЩὣ֮顣
ϰҲ˱仯׷ĵء
һףҲΪһİ˶ı䡣
ٺϤ𣿡
ˡ
ϰҲһ㶣ԥһشϤ
ȲϤôƾȰ٣
ʵ
ǰк֮£ǵΪʵף²Ŀǧлһԣ²ǰһλᣬ¸Ĺ
ϰڵأ涣ȻǸɡ
ʣк֮£رʲô飿ǧһʲôϵأ˵ÿһ߶һι£ÿһ¶ֵǲҸߵĹأ
˵ⷬϰٴһ
ǰֻȰǰһλ᣿˼
ϰЩԶˡ
Ҹǻᣬ˭أȻҺ㲻Ϥ£ǲɱأҲᣬָθǻأѵͲܵԼǸˣȻùǵ
ƹƹȥһϯ˵ϰιȥˡ
ϸһ˼ϰŷԼеɵģǶԷҪɱԼԼָǺá
ðɣΪĶԣһһλᡣڣԶһ㣬һɱ㡣
˵
ϰﲢǵ֮ˣʱԣæǣȻ˻ȥ
Ƿ޹ʶұҵΪ΢һᱻǶȡǼȡȻҲںҵǵʵǿҲѾóԸˡǵΪ̫ˣԣǵ
˵˵ȥյľЩ˷
ɽǿʳʵһСҪôɱңҪôɱǣҲòģ˭ôСأΪҺ۸ǰɣߣ
˵仰Щ˾Ȼ뿪еɱӿ֡
⼸˶ˣȴܵĿ𣬶ϰЩĵı۾
ɽ͸㣬ΪˣǶˣǾͲҵˣȻڳ֮ˣ˭Ҵķɽ⣬ǾСͷء
ָϰ˵Ȼ㽫Ǳɽ͸
ϰæл·ɽʱҲٵˣΧߣﻹҲ֮ԣȻ̰ǷɽȴҲұֳ
ʹĹڵϣȲӣֲ˵ʱǺڲѣǣٺҲı䲻˵ǰʵ
ʲôͷѵǵһڵôǲأһڵôһС򣬶ң࣬ôҲһ֮һԪڵˡ
оţԽԽǾᣬԼΪξͻأ
Ժֳָ׺ӰʱƺڷУеĵط˵ơ
Ҿڴ˵صǣһġ
ԤǷ˲٣֪Ƕǰȫġ
˵ط飬޷һҲͯδѡ
ԭЩΪͼ߶֣ǣʱ򣬲ΪͼһҪŹǣؼǷҪǹΪ֣иַ緶ȴҲܶԴһζϢ
ʱһһţĿԺв˼ԼصˣԺб㲻ʱлֽͬŵӰһ㡣
˭ɱִԱ
һϺȴӽֵһͬһ˷۵糸ĸ˹
˸ոյõϢԭίҲû˽Ѿŭ
˫ۣȴһ׳˶֮Ѿǰ˵ΪȷǶҪǿ˲٣Ȼﵽ˶ɽٺڵΪ
Ϊڴ˵ص֮Ϊʵǿ֮Уȴͬϰˡ
ߣ˭ɱִߣ
Ǻ˳֮ʱΧ۵߷׷ÿ·ƾǿ˱ѾǾ֡
˶ˣֻжȻԭأȻ
ֻ̧̧Ƥ¶һĨЦֻΪĲԼ塣
ΧУѾԵ󲿷˶Ϊִӳɡ
ȻǺȻ֪ԼǰǺݣʱһԭأбһӵĻĳСӣɱӵˣģ
˻һʱˣȴֻǶǺʱǺ˲ŷ۾˵ĺˣ۾ԼʱԼоȻͻȻһֱ߰ĸо


1502 
˭ɷ
˻˵ֲĸоĿ֮£ȴֲԸ˾Լ¡
˭顣
˵
ߣɱҵֵܣǾ͹ҵ飡˵㵽˭
ĺȵԼǱ͵ĳХһʱԶƿ֮ƺǧڶ
㻹˵ˡҵĵ̣ȫһ˵
̵˵
Ǹ˵
΢΢һգۣǱ¶ŹֵЦ⣬Цúһȴָоŭû뵽ԷȻûнԼ
ҿˣ
˰ȻѾһڵķɽֱָ
ô
ʵһӣǺɫ䣬ֻһɴͻȻԼķɽ֣ԼƴȫҲ޷ɴ
ಣ
˵ķɽͻȻ˳ȥǱĵطС
һ֮䣬˵ķɽú˾Īûüڳǰȴһʲô⣬㣡
ӣ
˴һһҲΪյԡ
Ǳɽٶʵ̫죬û˿ɽηеġ
˿ɽյطʱ˷ɽѾ˺˵¸֮Ѿ˫ĿԲɣȴһ仰Ҳ˵
޲ɣǺ˵Ԫ֮ΪʧȻһ֮ˣӵԪ֮塣
Ƿɽɱ֮ʱԪ֮ҲѾɽγɵĽˡ
ɱĺˣʮ֮࣬ǣ˿صʱ˾Ȼһ仰Ҳû˵
Ƭ̣ȴһ¹ڻ֮һ·Сܶ󣬸Ǹʮˡ
Ӱǳޣμǰ֪ǰݹ٣ʧԶӭǰˡ
߹ֿ˵
ڵΪΪҲܵһ֮𣿡
а˼ţֻǲͷİڰ֣ǳҲʶȤ
ǰԾݵһڣǰͽ̣
ϹϾ˵
ûգ㣡
һΧʱһƬΪδ˸˶Գ˵ֱóȫһ
ҲЩҲסΪĿ£ǣҲԲΪһ仰ȥԷ
˵ֻԷȻǿʱǾ񾭲Գ۹ԷǸ񾭲С
ʲôˣʲô۹⣬ΪԽǿ󣬿ʱԽ۹ҲԲԣҲ˵֡
ǰھ͹ǰпˣԴ£һ浽
һЦ˵ȻСĺˡ
ˣαضôһ˶ѡ
һӷ޷޲ƽ˵
죡ǰǸ
д󾪣û뵽ʦܾȻ˳嶯Ҫǵ˶Է·һ
ƺܾǿȻڵǸҲŲǸˡ
ž
ŭˣԥһˤ˵ϣҲûж㣬ƺʦֻԼ
治
ŭ̹֮ضǸ˵ʦܲ£ϣǰĪҪ
ͷҲɱˣǸΪƺҪǿϲ٣ȴΪɵԼ˶ԷǸ߰ҲԲưոݡ
ߣҴңΪǳ˲ҸӾͽһһʦ֣ӣʲôҲǣ㾹ȻҴңãҪսȪ֮ս
ţĵ˵
еǿޱȣʦ˵ģԼҲǣ˭ҪȥǸˡ
һԪڵϢǼ٣ҿڵģһʵǿ֮ɲΪԷµļƷȻʦܳˣԼҲѲΡ
ʦܣˣһȥͣҪˣҸǸ

Уս㣬ûҵսǾл֮ɣǾóĽҾһսĽҵĽģҴ㣬Ҿͻ˵ǰҲ֪ҵ
ʮ˵ΪǳһѾģк޲ɱ˳ˡ
˱һ⣬ȴǸⲻ˵ĸоңʦܾҪԼлȪ֮սǲ⣬ԼĿԸߴųɡ
ʦܣ㲻Ҫʲô飬ǻȥ˵Ҫսңѡܾ
˿Ц
Уұɱ̰ų򡣡
ģȻ˷ɽһԷ֣ǾҪǿй
ְ
ҲЦǳһĿЦҲΪͬ
һֱķӦǿЦǰĺΣµʦǸƢǰҪ֣֮
ᣬʦܵǸĸ֮ˣ˶ĺܲ
΢Ц˵ǲ£ȴҲ뿴Լǰʦɱ
ǰˣ
˹˵
һȴǽɽָʦֵ飬ʲô飿Ҷ£ұ㽫һɱˣʦΪǰҿɲ㡣


1503 
д󾪣һȴ֪Ϊ˵Ǹˣһ뵽ҪԼлȪ֮սбЩԥˡ
㲻ʣǾݹҲ壡ģҲҵ飡
а
￴˵˼Ҳ̫߰ˣƺκ˷
Сӣɱңϧûɱҵʵ磬ǴģӮˣҵƾȡˣͱʦּƽˣΪһΪá
䣬˱ͷãҾģˣҲȡֻҪ뿪˵رУʦֵ飬Ҫܣô
һΪ
Ļĵزֻ̫̫ˣˣһԺҲĪĺô
˷׷ÿλãԶ˱ʵȴʮ־裬Ͷٴ֮С
ȻֶϴĪЦ⣬ֻǵȻŶԷ
£ɣҿɾԲġ
˴˵
Ը㣬һҪ𣿡
΢΢һЦһЦ˼Ҫˡ
ã㲻ýģҲýƽ
˾Ȼڴʱ˷ɽѧӸֶɶһЩøС
ȻҲеͬԷǿĸ֣ԼȴԴ״ɱ֮Ϊÿֶûɱ⡣
˷ɽʩչƣǿ񱩵һʩչΧ߷׷׺ˣһɫĶû뵽ΪҪΪ
ȻȴһϢҲû¶˴ڶԷѹУȻЦ棬ƺûκβʵĸо
µΪȻĲܱʵˡ
ֳŵЦ⡣
ɷ
˵䣬ѾһɷӱжݳΧʱһƬ
ʦܺʱѾɷʵ̫ǿˣѹʦһֱЩˬԭѾ̫ʵ
аʱȻʦ˼ġ
ɷ塣
˰Ȼ˵϶ΪһɲǼ䱬
Ϊӿ񱩵ƳϯȥۣǺɫڷ裬ƺѾ֮У·ʱᱻгߡ
ϵЦŨ£ò㻹ӵɷԣϣ㲻ҵĶ֣㻹ǿ뿪˵ذɣ
Ը㣬һҪչɷ𣿡
赭д˵⻰һԽöԷԼҪ
˶ϺһٴηǣƾѹЧ˲Ϊ¡
ֻȻͬһҶϵۣΧǿˣҶȴǰУһֱоա
µΪȻ棬ã±Ҫķˡ
ϵıԽȻʱѾƽǿ֮УԣһҲСӶԷ
ɣҿжǿʵ
Ȼ˵иûнԷѹһ£Ͼ˫ʵ̫ˡ
ಣ
һΣȭϮȥǿȭֱϮؿڡ
һͻûпһȭֱؿ֮ϣȻ㣿
оʵͬʱͻȻһɴӿдԼȭͷȻһѹ޷ڿվȡ

˵ŵŵŵڿʮɣֱѾ͵ıƽʱִһȦȭͷһҵʹһȭ֮˱˲ơ
ۣ
ֻѪڣ̲סһѪȻĿɿڴԷ
һȭ֮ԷûжܣӲһȭȴǳ֮⡣
ܣԲܡ
̾ȭȭͷٴͷƶҲ˲䣬ȭͷƱѾָˡ
ʲôأѵ㻹
ȻЦ
ĿɿڴųOͣû뵽ʦڶԷǰͬСһȻһȭ֮Զ
Ȼղֻڣʮһȭ
˴˵徹ȻڿתԽתԽ졣
Ȼ㲻ײĲᣬǾķڷ
һЦƾԷʩչʮȭ
ɰȭ
˽εĸת֮ڳȭˣһȭٶԶԶһȭ
Сѣ
һȴĻ˻ӣһεѾӭ˶Էȭ
һв޷ֻ˵ٴγȥеĶȴޱǱ
˵ɶȥһηɳȥľԶˣ˲ɵĲӰӡ
˶˱˵Ĺ켣Ҳ¶ɪɪĿЦһУʦѾˣһУʦܷʮʵֻƸء
ȥ
ȻŶ֣ǰΪȻǿʮлǰ顣
ؿ
Ц˵ɻ䣬ϵЦȴǽˡ
ô£
а
ȥȴʲôҲֻȴǿһޱϤˡ
ಣ
Ȼԭʧˣ˶㶵Ĵԭأû֪˺δ


1504 
ƽôˣ߷ˣ
һ͵Ůɽ֮С
ƽţû뵽Լսһ֣һ㽫Լǧ֮⣬һԼ飬Լܺˡ
һɴȻɿܣȴһ͵ĴýƽеĸоԽ
ңû£
ƽһԾӵϵ𣬼ǰŮӺ󣬽ƽɫȻЩ졣
ˡ
Ů͵˵
û£ֻСˣ
ƽæõǵѪȻʹֵڸǡ
ҩһͿƣҩ
ŮѾһɫƿƿеһžӨ͸ҩҩɢ˵Ļ㡣
лл
ƽм˵˫һ۲գĶŶԷ
ÿ˵ˣԵ֣ԣҪáŮЦǺǵ˵Ȼ󲹳ſͣιҩ
ƽæſͣѾŵһµζζƺǸֻĻ壬رĺš
ԺиЩƬΣȻֱʹʶ̽飬ȴǷһϤ֮˵Ӱ
ţ˲Ƶ˶ܱߣ֮£ҲЩƣû뵽˵Ĺϵܡ
ӰһԣɫȻ峺΢һѾƽ
ҩǱɵҪ飬ҸճһоڵȫˡǱ֮ǰĸоҪá
ƽſеζ¶˧Ц⣬ЦöԷҲһöЦ
ƽƽԽԽƶˣˣ㲻ǳʦôأ
Ůɻʵ
ƽĸˣЩ˼˵һĸˣΪԶ֮ϣɱңֻѾˡ
ƽвһһֺµĸоӿļ䣬ʱǶôҶԷ顣
˸֣˭أ
Ůʵ˫ڿдһȴʲôԤҲû壬вһ
Ǹ˿ᣬһۣ༫ΪӢԭ㣬ΪԼĻ㲻ˣڿҾ;ЩвˣǸ˵ʵΪ£ǰҸоԼͬһС޷
ƽ˵
Ӣһۣѵ
ŮӵǰһзһɴûйɫýƽһȻЩԴ׵ĸо
ǲǳ
Ůʻ֣ͬ˫ڿнӡһͼڽƽǰ
ƽ˲һ㶣û뵽ʶĹȻԼǸ֣⻭ĳֱһģһ
ʶ
ƽʵȴشԷ⡣
ʶǲ
ŮӵЩЩýƽһæͷ
죬ȥ
ŮӵĻýƽиԸȴֲΥԷԸ
ã
ƽֽգŮȴһȻʧڿС
ֵϣΧɵȦȻδɢȥ˷׷ţҲ̫˼ˡ
ȻȥжʱһɣæûӵվȻ׼Ⱥ֮С
㲻ߣ
Ѿ֪﷢飬Ҫȥǲ
ˣкãҪǲȥɱҡ

ȥˣɱȫ
Ȼڳ֣һҪ𾴣һˣǾͺ롣
ԣߡ
˸͵ţ߷׷׺ǲԸȥ
ʧ꼰أ󲿷ֵ˶ˣڴʱȫһµġ
ˣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣֶǵңҲ൱ڵţúÿһ°ɣ
Ʋѵ£òвԷ
ŲһɶѣѵΪû𣿺ߣɺųʮ֮һ֮ʲô
ںвΪǿ¡
ڴʱͻȻһȴ˭Сţ
䣬һģֱӴӿн䣬һֱȫΪŵ
¼֪ǰݹ٣ʧԶӭǰˡ
Ĺ˵ȴϲ
壬ˣҲ㱻ɱˡҵͷѾжˣԺֻʹø˵ˡ
Ц־ϲ
˭ͷ壬һΪ
ŭһݣݺݵĵ˳СӾȻ˵Ϊ㱾֪ԺδҲĲ㡣
Ե޹ʱԷԩлƣҶԷ治һĶӣȻԼ¶ŨŨɱ
ߣҪѪˣµýƾ޾ݣô֪¸ͷţΧߣǲ¶֡
յ˵ûǰĹ
ĻܣһѾһǰȻ󽫷ɽڶԷ䣬ʵңֶӵͷǲģ


1505 
ǰǳ˸ġ
˽Ͱ͵Ļش
ƨȻƭ
ŭзɽһȻôֱɱˡ
˿Ҳ˶ˣǱ˼ңʵ΢Ǳɱ壬Ҳֻϵù
һ֮лᱨԪ֮͵͵Ķˡ
߱
ץסһˣ˱ŵɫͰ͵˵ǳ˵ģǰҪɱСġ
һɺԣ
һɱ˴ˣΧǷ׷׷ԶǷ֮أܿ죬Χ߱ǳ˵£ֻ˲ŸҼΧۡ
Ҳûã壬ǲͷ
ݺݵĶųˣʱ壬ﻹ˷
ǣصĵͷһָ˳ˣŭ׼Գ֡
̫
һְνߵָ
ԳˣҲҪ˼һΪԷҲдɳǵˣҲӰ졣
壬ɱ۸ҵġ
Ԫ֮¶˾һЦ⣬еķɽѾָ˳ˣ㻹һ֮챾ʹɷ㣡
Ϊ㣿ҪսսӽˣҲδغù
ŭˣýǲԼͷ
ڴʱһȴǧ⴫ȴǽƽѾֽϵ
˿ЦһʱԼһսȴ֪ʦǲǻԼ
˭۸ʦ֣ʦܵԵͦʦ֣һ𲢼ս
ƽһһȻ˳˵ࡣ
ʦܣղŵ飬ʦֵĴϣԭʦ֣ʦʵҲΪá
Ǹ˵
ʦ֣˵ˣõǸңҲ£һжʦ֡
ƽĿ˵
˴ϲû뵽ڴʱʦܾȻԭԼ
ǶīʲôҪսսڣҲɥȪˡ
ͷ˵
ʦ֣˭ΪҪ鷳
ƽʵ
ŵһ񾭲
˵Ļشһŭ
ʦ֣Сġ
ƽ͵һն˿Уʦ¶ԷͻϮ
֪ԼΪԶѷ֣Էһ֮ȻҲͻʩ͵Ϯ֮ó־ŭ
䣡
˵ĽײһŵᡮסһξȻʮɣƽǿȻڿС
лʦܳ
˿
ʦֵܣҾԲ۸ҵʦ֡
ƽһһٵ˵еķɽ΢΢ţָŵ
ˡ
ŻзɽʮˣЩһֱγһǿ
СӣȻѾںɷ㵱ûɷ𣿡
ЦҲû뵽ԷǰںɷһҲڱԷˡ
˾ͽ¶Ըɣ±֤ɱˡ
һŮս
ΪɱǴ´࣡
ЦʱһͻȻݳһ̫ʦΣȻ󹧹Ľŵȥ
ϣ΢΢۾ΧжŮӸҡӣܵҲоʮ֮Ц
ǸŮǰʮȻȵɷ
ɫ䣬ӵɷǰԼǶ֣սܹȥ
ʦ֣һϢһͽԸ
ƽɫص˵ֲĿȣ۶ԷôǿԼҲҪΪػʦֶս
ڶɷ
ŮӵһûĻΪԱĲһ˿顣
ƽҧҧǰĴԼԽԷɳһ˱ӵжɷԼζԸ
ŮӵƷӿƽƽɫ𽥱ò԰ףʱɢȫҲȻоʮѹ֣ˣԷȻԶԼ֮ϵġ
һɷԿɷⲢǴһ䣬ֻҪ츳㹻ǿӮĿҲеġ
ƽһɷ˱ʵʱԼûʧȥģŮ츳ڽƽ֮ϣʱռݲơ
׼
ŮȵнһȻȷ˽
𣡡
ƽŭһеķɽӭ϶ԷĹ
˱ƴǾʵƽǱƴҲһ¶Էʵжǿ
һ֮£Ůӵ˿ƽ򱻻ʮңýƽпЩϣԼһս֮
ޣ
ƽ͵ĺڶѾȡ˽޵츳
Ůӵ¶һЩȣҲ˵ڶĹ
һεĽײһŮȻԭضƽȴǱɡ
㲻ҵĶ֣׼
ŮЦһȻչ˹Ȱ˲ơ
ƽҲͬʱʧȻԷƴ˲ƹ
Ů뵽ԷԼƴ˲ƣһ֮£ȻֶԷٶȲԼʶƴ£ԼҲûռݶơ


1506 
˫˲ƻΪһսԽƽǲѡ񣬶ŮӣʲôĽһ
ɱ
ƽŭţֹͣ˲ƣеĽǺޱĽԷ
ŮҲ磬ͬӭȥ
˿ʼڿԿ죬תΪ󣬶˾Ȼƽ֮ƣΪ޵ԭ򣬽ƽҲ𽥵ļ١
Сӵ츳·һϧϧ
ϣ۾Ц
ҪҪûȫɱˣֻҪɱڣ˭Ҳ֪ġ
һѵ
Ǽȥɱɱ˳£Ȼϵա
Ȼ
Ҫ
˾ֵȴ֮ѾԼ³˹ȥ
컯֮£ɱ޹ѵǴ𣿡
һŮ˵˷˽һ㶣ƽ¶ϲɫе
ɱ
˽ƽĶȻɶ£ƽռЩơ
ƽĽиݶ㲻ںپˣöԷŮҲӦԡ
һη壬һĴǣˣƽԷɱˡ
ŵסˣŵҲʾ˲
˭б³һ
Ȼʵ
ңڵģΪҲɱ㡣
ȴȻ˷ŵҲһЩ˼ɡ
ʱֹͣжһо䡣

ʱƽѾռƣŭһһɷĳСӶʰƬʱ䣬Ҫ޷ʤǾͲҪżˡ
ǣˡ
ŮӹĻش͵һ䣬ȴҲںͬھˡ
ƽɲԷܾˣʱæ˻ɣܿԷķâ
ɷɷ
Ů͵ĺȵһֱýƽоԭԷӵĵɷԼҲǶԷĶˡ
ŮںĵɷʵǣҪԽƽγɾƣʵ
ƽһɷ˱ʵŮӵʲãһɷֻɷﵽʮƽԽ츳ҲǿƣŮӵɷﵽʮıʱѾԽƽγ˾ơ
ǽƽ츳ҪԶԶǿŮӣǽ޵츳ƽûһս֮
䣡
һƽ㱻ʮɣؿںȻѪڶԷĹ£ƽֻѪڣٴӿѪ
ã
ŵǷ׷׽кãýƽŭɽߣȴΪ
Ůӻƽ֮Ľƽڴ˾¡
ʦ֣ޣ޷㣡
ƽЦ
ѱ뱣ˣһЦ
Ů۷̵ɽȻ˽ƽؿڴ
Ӵѹ£ƽԼȻ޷ˣɷʦ֣ˣˡ
Ҳ˵ˡ
ŮЦеķɽ͵նƽؿڡ
Ҫ
͵ĺҪŮӣȴס
ŮΪһɱƽ壬ǣǷɽն֮ͻȻֶԷ徹Ȼˡ
ɽնһָϸϣܿ죬ȻУҲǽƽһʧˡ
˭ڵб±
Ůӷߺ޵ĺ
ǣû˻شеֻʧĽƽ
һеķһâͻȻɱ֣ɱۡ
ˣӣ
˵½˵˳֮ǰ
ҪһҪһ
˲ûѡˣǰ
Ѿں˸Եɷʱųһƽʼգȴûǰʩȡ
Ůӳ־˽ƽȴƺѾԶˣȻڴʱҲ
˱Ŀ֮ʱȻǿеķɽȻԼǰһϣɽն棬ͬȭͷ޻һ޴ʹ
ллң߰ɣ鲻£
˱ȭ˵ȴһĿЦ
˵ˣҿɲʲô
ڳ˵ߣóпϲĳƺԭǰ¶лǰ
ÿ֣Ȼϣҳ֣Ҿ͹ˡˣЩ˵ڵˣҲõġ
΢΢һЦȴǿ񾪡
ߣԭڱװŪǺˣԡ
һԾ˫׺ݵĶ
Ŷ˵һ£أֶӵĵˣҸղŲСĽͷˣģû뵽ˣǺǣʲôͳűɣ޹ء
ȻһЦ⣬ȻȴǸоһεѹ


1507 
һĲ죬û뵽ԷԼǰ˵Ļ
ηСӣ˵ΪԸ֮һսСûвʱ
һյĺȵ˫мҪ棬ݺݵŭ
ţ
ʮ⣬ϸв²ŶԷǺηȻš
Сӣ˭Ҫģٹ¡
ͻȻһȣȫһ˫ȾȻ
ͨ
ֻһݵѹӿԼɿֲѹ£Լ˫Ҳ֧ŲסȻϥ¡
ºֶΣ
˵Ҳֻ¶֮ɫ
ٺ٣ٵֶζأ׳յ壿ҲһҲʲôö
ɵ֮ʮԡ
˷׷״ŭȴԽ͸ͷ
ʹʶ̽ȴԼô̽飬ԷֻڵΪ
ѵΪڱ֮ϣӦòܣһΪ
Խԥû뵽Ȼǿĵˡ
ǺǣϷ֪Ǻɸˣ
ȻЦűȭ˵˷׷Ȼ
һ֮ٺγһ֮ȻҪʣǱپ͸㣬һԪҲ
΢Ц˵˵ͺ˵һЦ
һԪ
鲻ԽľʵԺҪ·ˣ˼һȴǵһԪǵһԪ
Ϸ֪֪һԪ˾ݸ֮ףųµһڣһԪڵοһԪֻƽ̣֮ϷδţԣҪðһ֮ǲҪðһԪڵģûκʵԡ
˵֮ʱһ۲գĶƺҪ˼ǣѰңҲϵ˿
һЦǷţţΪھݣûĸΪļһðһԪڵǼðģһһԪĳͷ
ŶȻ㲻ţҾ˵һɢ޺ˣɵɢޣͿûκκ֮ˡֻҪɱңͿԽˣǺܺ𣿡
ЦԽãиûף㲻ŶԷղԣȴҲԸǿĵˡ
쵰СӾ鷳ϷôģϷҪĳͷ㡣
ͻȻ񷣬һŭ
ίޱȣ⻹ǵһμʦ巢ֻܵʹԴһԲƾ
쵰㲻ϷֶӣϷù㣡죬ǰǸ
һŽ߷ڵأȻǻһЦѣһжᣬֶӲ£ǷǡΣѣˣѾͷһȡѵġģȥϷһͷ֤ٳǷǣ֪Σ
գ֮䣬ƺЭˣΪϿҡ
ҲŲǸҵͷΪʲôҪǸҪǲңҾͲҪܡ
Ԫ֮徹ڴʱŭļ́ͷʱжˮϣ۲ѡ
ҪִǰǸϷɱ㡣
ǿסеۣĺȵ
ҲʳӣҪɱңǾɱɣҾ͵û׵
ľƢˣڴͥ¹Ĺϵ

ּŭȴ޷ֹסĿڣʱԷǺ֮
Ŷԭ˽ӣѹ񣬿
ٺЦ⻰е˼дŭȴֻǲԷ
ﻰϷֶǸôˣԺлᣬӭǰ͡
ЦȻЦʮֲãƺδܵİӰ졣
㵱ʲôˣ˵Ǹ͵ǸǱ̫ûˡ˵ˣǱٵѣղҪɱǾҪɱ١ٿɲԼѱ۸
˵ʱȫԷĴ̣Ҹԭ򶼿ԡ
˱һ仰ˣȻԷ˵Լܵʾɣ
ԣǰˣŵ˿ǵġˣھ⣬Բܡ
˷ȻȻһУǷ׷ͬʱܣԲܣ
ǾôѵһҲ𣿡
ЩˣǱƼˣǾͺͶԷƴˣ¹˭֣޶ۡ
˵ͬʱֻ赭д˵ҲҲٸÿţӴԺŴݳʧ
ǰ˵ĺãţ
˴кõһ㡣
޲ʹŵٺǿʱȴҲ޷ȥˡ
ߣдϷӣȴǸҪţҲԼʲôУãȻҪΪУϷ֪ŵ³


1508 
֮ҲóһΪֱڣҲ֪ǷԶԸ˶֡
ִɱǡ

ǣ
߽ӵҲ˿УֻһۣͻȻٴζݳɷһܹѾʩչɷ
һɷԳ֮Ϊֵı߳ǣԷһֱóĿɿڴ
ǰһҪСģŵʵСӡ
ѵ
ģٻûЩ˿޷ǼֻQ϶ѣһָͷͿǡ
Цóг˶裬Խġ
ҪڳԣбϷһսϷҪ𡣡
ŭ͵գеķɽңָƺʱᷢĹ
ƾ㣬ʸս𣿡
˵˳ֻǰȻЦеߡ
ϵɢƣǿ񱩵ֱӳǰӿȥȴ̸ЦҲûиܵκѹ
ɽơ
ŭּƣԼΧͬһС
ͻȻһָâһһι״ĹٱС
ǡꡯڵõ˳㽫ѪԼʹáꡯ
Щ㶵ĶɻԷΪڴʱȡѵԵɽʹ
ٺһЦڳһʵƣ˳ָѾҡ

ꡯһ͸ǿĹ߶ʱͷ𣬻ʲôԼͷݺݵͻ
ʲô
ֻǰȻð˽ǣŶԷڶθңһֱӸоѣΣһθĶĳ֡
⡮ꡯȻСӣԺҪڼϰꡯһǿУ⡮ꡯҲΪҴʤ㡣
а룬ֻңԷӵɷĸֱѾԼʹáꡯֻɸŶԷ
ǣաꡯĹʼڽע롮ꡯ֮УһǡꡯͬķɽһȻĬĺΪһ塣
ʱܹĸоꡯԣꡯҲͬԼһ֣ڤڤ֮УƺͶʹ⡮ꡯ
ԺٴֲƬΣȴǡꡯƬΣƬеĵˣһˡꡯ֮¡
ҡʱ߶ʱҽһеķɽ֣Ȼصˤ淢һײ
ڽ֮ڣȴǷյģΪ˲˺֮ˣΪ
֮˿ԿڶţǣߵķӦȴޱ𾪡
Ϊӵɷɸ֣ȴǺܿӵԼķɽܹ⡣
һķȻһǿ󣬾ȻԶɽ
д󾪣ʱѾȥ뷨
ˣСһ
ٺһЦʮָϷٵĵʱġꡯһµȴĵʼڿ㵸

߿кҵ£ȻӿǱĵ棬ֱˤ˸ࡣ
ĵ࣬Խ񣬾Ȼ˶˫ȭȻ͵ĿԼȭ£ϵս׶ѿˡ
ͣ
״񣬿иǿѪһԭزϵĻԼͷ­һᣬͷϱѾѪģһƬ
жްͬģ߼³ܹˡ
ĿɿڴĿ߷񣬶ȻĥûʲôȤһ䣬ͻȻɽˮ͵ŭƶڷĲš
߲֪ʱѾ˵ϵķɽȻһɽ͵ĻԼĲӡ
ʱһѪɽߵͷ­ֱɳȥߵҲվȣȻء
ʱߵԪ֮ѾжݳԪ֮徶ֱȥͣЪУԪ֮ѹоȻӿֳһŰɫĻ棬ڴ֮ߵԪ֮徹ȻΡ
ȸСȫӬСȴҲǿ⣡Ԫ֮˷Ѿ̫ϧˡ
а˲㽫ߵԪ֮ˡ
ߵ𣬽Ҳ⿪ʱȻûзӦƵģһĿɿڴĶ·дһ㡣
㣬ʹõʲôֶΣ
д󺧣ɫֻŵʵ
˵ˣֶζǣԼأ
΢΢һЦϵЦԽУȻЦ˵Уȴͬħһֲ
ʱ˿̣Ҳû˸ԸµȥŵҲ춯Ҳ͸űܵĿ־塣
ǰԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬǰҪҵһʶŽǼʶǰˣǰ̧֣һ·
Ҳûǰţֻһȴ̫ˡ
ŵģǵıҲԭǵκɡ
ʱҲɵˣ͵ĺԼղΪʲôҪԣΪʲôܵĿˡ뵽͵Ĺڵأµ˵ǰһж¶𣬶µĴ飬ǰҪΪţ¸ǰͷǸ


1509 
˵꣬͵ڵϿͷΪУиΪ̡
ͷˣأѵûеǸĳ𣿡
Ц
󶼽Ŀϡ
ɵޱȣȴֲΪΪԼʵȫûлܶԷ
һԥ䣬ϸֳһ˿ŹֵЦ⡣
ˣٲǼȥˣȻȫ޻ں֮⣬Ǿͱֱˡ
˵֮䣬ѾһˣǷսŮӡ
ֻһۣŮӵ۾ͻȻ¶һ˿ĵĿɬЦ⣬ڴʱһεĽѾնŮӵĲӴ
һ˿һѪû磬Ůӵͷ­ѾˣʱŮӵԪ֮͵ĴгźȻء
һǸŮӵѾɱһУĲǼ򵥵ɱĽ١
ǿ󣬾Ȼɱ˸֣үѵһԪڵ
ипЩҲ׷׵ɴ۾һονǴ۽硣
Ԫ֮ǺܲĲƷɣ
˵֮䣬ŮӵԪ֮Ѿ޷Կصĳȥ˿δǿʹκ

ŮӵԪ֮ȵ
󾪣ȴǲӪ֮⣬ֻĺȵΪţӦӦ顣
ŮƺˣȻƾԪ֮
ŮӵԪ֮ɵ֮ʱŮ͵ŭһԪԱ
˷׷׺ˣǣŮӵԪ֮ȴǰ𣬸û˿ԪԱļ
ʲôԪԱΪʲô
ŮӾֵĺ
ΪʲôҲ֪֪ͿҪˡ
ٺһЦٴӿֳɫĻ棬˲佫ŮӵԪ֮ɡ
ϣɱ
ͻȻȻһһģȻʮ֮
Щ֮˱ɱǣȴȫһԥȻûһѸٵִ
ɱ
ٴκȵһ˶ݳɷҲڴʱӳǿʵ
Ҫң
ͻȻڴʱϬĲͼ
ڴʱȫϣԼȴǴ룬һƭˣȴ޷ƭ
ӣΪ㱨ģģ
˵֮ʱѾĳʱ֮·䡣
ڴʱѾ
Ҫ
ᣬѾµԼĽ֡
ܣûôף
΢΢һЦɴ˫ڿһӣһɿֲĽƱƾղˣֻǰһ䣬ȻѾһİĻþ֮С
Щ֮ˣʱҲӦΧĻþȻһƬ͵Ĳݵأиǽ覣ЩƲʶ·Ǽٵһ㡣
ðɣȻҾһȫǡ
ЦһȴѾʧ
ֻǰһзɽٵ䣬˲䣬Χֻʣ¶˻š
ƺδʧȻ΢ЦվԭأŵЩͬʱʼأһɫʬ׷롣
ƺɵˣȻһԲŵڵɪɪ

Ҫͻƽƣʹȫһ󣬷ƱԼĻҪǿĶࡣ
һԪѵһԪ
֮ɫҲͬɪɪеķɽĸΪ
ȻˣһҪƭ𣿡
ɵЦ˫ۺǵϵһֻۣһԵĿ־崫ȻŵԪϡ
Ԫ֮г˳ĿԼ建̱ڵأԪ֮طʱȴô޷쵽
ಣ
Ԫ֮徹ȻȥŵķС
ȴһ죬ȻԪԱСԪ֮壬޶ȤˣĿԪ֮Ա

һȻҲԪԱֻһ֮źȻԼ޷ڴ˵ԪԱ
ӵоŵɷڴʱȴ죬ȻҪԪԱ⻰ȥֻûκһš
ˣ־罫ҪˣҪˡ
ɫ˵
Ϸƴˡ
ŭɽߣųʩչɽ
񱩵Ľ͵ն壬ܵΪûУƾЩϡ
ﵽΪѾ޾ͨľŵߵĽ츳ǰҲϲ
ˣԶĹߣĽԽܡ
ǣηĽȻһǾ޾
ʹеͻȻ

ֻ޾ĽӿԼ壬Щ޷ԼʹٷֶΣǽȻڣԽԽǿ


1510 
ġꡯ£û֧ӣѾɫͬһľżС
ԭǡꡯĵڶعȻԿƶԷԪ֮塣
ǰߵΪǺʩչֻ˫ֺҵĸңߵǱѾԸŵʩչǡꡯɹɿ𽥿ƶԷȻʱѾ˵
ȻŵľȻĳɵǰʱȻʹɽɱԼ
ֻһΪԪ֮壬ˣ־ڽ
Ƴȥʱ΢Цԭأӯȫû뵽֮꣬ԼǿߣҶ߲δԼ֣ԼһҲ޷⡣
ǰΪǿ󣬻֮Ѿȥ࣬¹ϲǰ
˷ܵ˵
Ҳ׷׵أЩ˵ƨûʲôȤֻȿȥˣٻҪҪ죡
ǰּ⡣
ȴֵܿյģûһ߸ҳڴ˵ء
һ˾ĵڽֵģʶעŽֱߵһ䣬жš
׺þò
Ǵֵϲõ˵
þòû뵽㻹ϲɱˡ
һŮͻȻǽƽҲ¶
Ҳɱˣ˱ɱңʣҸɱˣɱң
͵ת΢Ц˵
ɱˣ˱㲻ɱ㣬ɱ㣬αɱˣ
׺˵꣬бЩڣԼǽ˶ԷȦףȻ˵Ļ
ǰɱˣȴɱңԣҲòɱˡ
Це˵ӶԷһ˲䣬׺ͻȻо٣Щ̡
Ļ׺һʱ֮ҲҲʲôķǱ΢΢һЦɴ಻Բ
ĿԣȴǸидһʱ䲻˵ĸоûΪʱĸıԽ໥
׺ľɫŮӣҲòѳԼ򣬻Ļ˽С
׺̬Ѿ仯࣬ɱˣһἫֹΣ׺ֻһԹۿ޳ֹʵҲǶɱ˵һĬϡ
㲻ɱˣ˱ɱ㣬п磬пķʵһ㣬׺Ѿᡣ
˽Բ˵ȴĿԣͨһ㡣
ƽû뵽׺ʶʱ˵þòԸֿʱһݵŭڽƽд󱬷
ǰԭʶ׺
ƽ˵뽫˵ע
ǣȴǻδţȻĿԣýƽиŭԸظһղ֮ԡ
׺͵ĻͷŽƽ΢΢һЦһЦýƽ崺磬ͻȻΪ˶ԷһЦԼʲôԸ⡣
Ȼûǽƽڴʱоͬһ͸һ㡣
ǣ׺ȴǿˣƽʶʶˡ
Ŷ׺㣬Ҳһ顣
ƽĵ˵Դ׵ĻʱҲȫصĺ
Сӣеͦܵ
ڿ˵пϲǱһĵЦ⣬ƺԶ޷˿
У׺ȴһЩ֮⣬뵽׺аϲϲɸˡ
ƽȴˣΪ׺ΪԼ˴ʱƽеˣҼŮӡ
˻һ׺ʧɫû뵽ƽȻڴʱ˵˵ĻѰ·
ãСǲ֪ôôӦõ˵˭֪ǸʮǿƵߣһҪ˶Ҫɱƽס
׺д󾪡
ԣȴ¶ŹֵЦ⣬ҲֻǾĿŽƽ
ƽҪƶ죡ҲֱΪӦóƺҵ֣ǽС㡯ҲһΣ𣿡
׺Ȼ˵Ǿϣ΢壬ⷢԵøˡ
ƽһ۲գĶ׺ȴǿĴסˣ֪Уŵϴ󣬾ˮƺҪӿӿ
㣬ϲ㡣
ƽʲôҲˣ˵һֱ˵Ļ
׺ЩˣͻȻԼ޷ķչˣԼֲܿ˵ʲôأ
Сӣƺ̫ˣӦ˵Ļ
ٺһЦһҲЩ׺֮⡣
ʱ׺Ȼ֪ΪʲôҲֻ׺һָоɣ
ƽԣĻﵱ˶ԼƣǼ˵Դӵһμ㣬ұΪĶ֪һֱӲκŮӶ飬ǣҵǰʱҾɼİ㡣һֱΪⱲӶᰮκһŮˣ˭֪ĳҵ뷨ΪõĹȥÿҿ㣬ҶᷢĵĸˣԶһԶߡ
׺ЩЦãôû뵽ƽڴʱ˿̴˵ضԼף׺Ƶǽƽı׻棬ѵͲ
Ȼ׺ҲЩìܣһϣΪƽı׶ȴֵĵԼҲ޷ƽϢŭ


1511 
ƽ˵˵Ļ鷴֮ǰҪƽһЩˣʱڽƽֻ׺Ůݡ
׺͵͵Ƴһȴı鲢˿ı仯׺зЩá
ѵ飿Ҳ˿ĸ飿
׺кһȫû뵽ʱȻ޶ԡ
Ǻǣ
׺ȻչһЦϻһĨɬĺΣǽƽдϲû뵽ԼԤϵĻҪã׺Լıײᡣ
ֻƬɫ֮Ҳûκα仯ֻתȻԼ
ɶ񣡡
׺аƳһıӰԽЩˬ
ƽôԵ˵˵ЩأЩӦõ˵ġ
׺֪ôľȻ˵
ƽ֪ˣ´һǰ˵ЩֻǣƽΪǰʶΪǵ֤ˣҵĳ⡣
ƽϲĵǸ۾Цһ죬׺иƣΪʼգȻûΪ˿Ķŭ
Ǽһ£Ͳˡ
ɫ򶨵˵ȻʧڿС
ʧ׺ʲôƵģһʹĸо
ߣ
׺ſдǣȴþû˻ش
ˣ̫ˡ
ƽдϲϵıβסеϲá
Ȼڴʱ׺ȴĬĬһĳ࣬˴ԭأƲ֪ģ
ƽİõվ׺ߣ׺ľɫݣƽͻȻʱľ˶ݣ޲ϣʱܹͣԼҲܹԶĿ׺
ʱȻţǽƽԸƶ֮ĳĬȴ˻ƽ⡣
·֮һֱעʦܵϢ˵ʦֺܳǱʮ£Ȼٸ
ʱԶԶŽƽһŮվһֵǣ˾ȻĬȻֹһ˹ȥߵʦʱϲõ˵ʦܣԭƽ£̫ˡ
ƽҲû뵽ԼľȻʦ֣ʱɺԼûвýƣ򣬾Ͳ˴Լˡ
ʦ֣û£ң
ƽЦָ׺
л֮
˹񣬾ʱȴ׺徹Ȼ鴤һ¡
һ˵ĿͻȻóһͷˮ֪ŮͻȻ
ôˣ
ƽ󾪣æʵ
ôˣ飡ӴԺҲټ㡣
׺ĻﾹǱģͻȻһƵģýƽסˡ
ֻɻ˲䣬űµʲôƵģȻ¶һЦ⡣
ЦʲôЦСıһŭ֮ɱ㡣
׺˳ˣɱ֮óҲסˡ
ѵҲЦ𣿡
˷ʵ
ʦ֣˵ˣǰ
ƽ˵Ϊ֪׺ʵǿԶʦֿԶԿģ¾ʦˣҲһ׺Ķ֡
ʦֻΪҸˣû˿㲻˼Ϊ
ƽƽ׺顣
죬ٸҳΪҾɱ㣡
׺ŭȻڴʱ˷ɽö˶һ
ʦܣҪΥǰ˼һ£ʦлҪ˵
˺γ֪ʦĸ֮ˣʱɵİΣ
ʦ־ɷģֻ˵˵Ὣôġ
ƺΪ֤ԼĻƽȻ׺΢΢һЦ
ҪѰ·
׺򱻷ŭţƺû˷ŭ
ûκɱңΪϲ㡣
ƽЦƺں׺в
ǣҪ㣬һҲϲ㡣
׺˵
ѣ㲻ϲңôܻᾭңιҩҳԣǿķǣΪ㺦£ӱܡ
ƽҲ˼ɣ˵
ôܣҸ˵ֻΪ㵱ɵܵһΪǰиܵܣ㳤ĺԸҲ񣬿ϧʧɢˣԣҾͽ㵱˵ܵܡԼˣ𣿡
׺Ѿһе˵˵Ļ
ƽЩɵˣȴԲţȻִ˵ѣ֪ϲҵģΪʲôҪˡ
ˣϲˣͲ㡣
׺˵
˭
ƽѾ˲²Ǿ
ΪʲôҪ㣿ֻҪ֪Ǹ˲ˡˣٸһλᣬֻǵĽҵ㣬Ժ󻹻㣬㵨κηǷ֮룬ҾͻԶȥ
׺һһٵ˵
ƽоʹԷ˵Ĳпʵ඼ڲϵĳ鴤ƺ޷ܶԷĻ
ðɣҴӦҪ󣬴ӴԺ󣬵Ϊ㣬ǣҪҡ
ƽȴӦʱŬȡᣬҲʱһԼлᡣ
ܺãİɣ
׺ѾǴǰʲô֪ŮദһʱѾ֪֮ն
ƽĿɿڴû뵽ԼȨ֮ƾȻᱻԷʶƣԼԣǾ͸ΥĿԣһԼθҷԡ


1512 
Ĭһ󣬽ƽͻȻ˵ҲֻΪ㣬һʹġ

׺֣һŭ𣬵һеķɽն˽ƽ
׺ķɽƽ֪ԼҲ㲻Ի粻㡣
꣡
ɽնͷ䣬һȴ˵Ŀ٣û˿ˮ
ʬȻȻ鴤£һݵĿȴԽƽԪ֮塣
ʦܣǺοడ
ʹ
û뵽㾹Ȼ˾⣬ɱң
ƽ
׺ͻȻɱҲˣԼɱ˺󣬾ȻһҲڣƽԼеķԶԶ
ֻǳıȽܵܣֻԸܵһ嶯֮߰⣬ԼֻʲôŮ֮пԣȻһδβȰ棬ǱѰ·
׺ڣֻǿŶԷԪ֮壬Ȼ㲻ԸⷢģǴӽԺٸзǷ֮룬ұԪ֮塣
ķɽ͸űĺ⣬׺˵ĻƽȴȻԸƽȻԸܶԷϲԼʵ
ɱҰɣû㣬һ˻ȥҲûʲô˼ɣҵԪ֮ɣ
ƽҡ
ǰҪҪɱʦܣ
ͨһڵأĿʦܱɱ֪ԼӲҲŬȥΪʦ顣
׺ӿݵıˣǳ飬ƽһЩ
ҪףɱѰ·ҵĻѾ˵ĺˣܽܣʲô취أ
׺Ҳ͸ЩΡ
ʦܣӺͿ˰ɣǰ㲢˿Ů֮飬ֺαѰգְɣ
˿ЦȰ
֣ΪҪ֣ǰһֱΪѾˣԣҾԲ֣Բᡣ
ƽĺ

׺Ҳ̾һȴͷ죬Ȼǵ㣬ȴѾ֪
ƽԪ֮ȻƯڿУ˫û˫Ȼ׺׺ȴ뿴
׺֪ϲ˭ϲղȥ
ƽЦЦݡ
׺ԣһҲ֪㲻ϲȥԼ˵ʹȴ޴˵ĸоϲ
㲻ҳ𣿡
ƽʵ
㵽Ҫô
׺
֪㵽ϲ˭ûˣΪλ˾飬Ҳģ֪˭ġ
ƽ˵
׺΢΢һ̣¶ɬЦ⣬˿ƽԼһı
˵ԼҪ˵ĻԼأԼĸ˵壬Լ֮䣬׺ǾԼƺϲոȥ
Ҳ֪ϲ˭Ҳ˭Ҳϲɣ
׺˵֮ʱоͷһᣬ۽ǾȻ飬ˮȻ۽䡣
ϲ֮ˣ㲻ڴʱᡣа취֪ϲĵ˭
ƽʮֿ϶׺ҲЩģа취ԼҪҪһأ
˵Ǻݹ뿪
׺ʱ뿪ҪЮԷƺвΪЧһЩ
ڣ۾ϸڤ룬Ժ˭ȻĬ֣˵ˣϲˡ
ƽ˵˷з·һЩ
Ե֪
׺
ΪԹǸ㡣ڣֻ֪ϲǸ˻˭
ƽƽ˵
׺ҲȷԼϲ˵˭Ǳ㰴սƽķȱ۾ȻԺˡ
һӢЩаݳ׺ԺУǸ˽ķŴһɫĳۣɫȻʱͻȻһЦʱһ崺ĸо
׺ĳԼУ촽鶯ţƺĬĬ߶һ˵֡

ģ׺ĿԽԽҲԽԽ
Ȼ
ƽƵ˵
Ȼǰ
˰˽ƽһۣǲǰŮ˶
׺оһ㣬ƽĻ˫վ糺죬ͻı仯ýƽ顣
ʣҸղ߶˭
׺ʵɫȻЩߺ졣
ƽһֱ߶֣ܾúܾãܶܶ顣
ƽͻȻѡ
Ȼĵɴ˫ۣ˵ЩʲôȴֻͣʲôҲû˵
ܣ߶ľԲ֡
׺ն˵
ƽЦһȻ֪˭ֺα˵أʼҵ֡
ˣ
׺
ҲˣȻ˵ǸֵûС
ƽԳ˵
˭˵û֪߶˭߶˰ɣ
׺ĺ
ϧ˵ˣʱ˿̣ѾԶȥˡ룬ղŶᣬԶˡ
ƽȻЦ

׺е˵ˣҲȥֻҪһҵġ


1513 
ǿδءûΪӦû֮ϡţˣ׵ʱΪҲϲҡᣬġ룬Ѿ͸ˣԣôҵҲҵģΪԶıܿ㡣
ƽЦȻЩ⡣
һģȥ
׺ͻȻһЩ顣
¶ˣһʼұԤϵĽҵò㣬ҲԶ޷õ㣬Ҳ޷õȻʹ࣬ǴҾһʹȥ
ƽЦЦǶôĴ̶
ʦܣˡ
̾
ûз裬ҺѣҪһԶһ𣡡
ƽĺ
׺ܴһﲻԭأоޱȵĻںޣںڷû׷ȥ
ٻˣԶҲᣬԶҲҲ
ƽڷЦ׺ʹ˶䡣
˭˵Ҳˣ
ͻȻ֣ͬʱһ㶡
ǰ
׺ͬʱ˵
ôܻ֣㲻ġ
ƽĺ
׷ˣûˡ
ѾԽƽ˶ۣʱ˿̣ȻҶСУΪɱ
ôˣһΪԶҲأ
˵ʱ׺ͨ죬ֻȴЦ⣬ƽ˵ԶҲˡ
㿴ôС𣿡
ٺЦ
Ȼǣ
׺ϲ
ƽɵˣû뵽ƺ׺ȴһҲԼƺһҪɱԼ
ҲģҲİ
ƽĺ
Ŷʲôĵģ
ɫȻʵһǰƽ
㣬㣬ˣǱߵģΪλ
ƽָ˵
ˣⲻ٣ǣ˭˵Ǳߵأ
Цŷʵ
ǱߵģܣҶףˣһǱߵģ
ƽ϶˵
ףһ£ֻǲôʣңҲδΪҪأҵϣлᱧ˹飬ǣȴûǸԵ֡
ƽȴýƽܵ˼ȵʹࡣ
ô˵㲢ϲ
ƽԽĵʵ
׺ͷе˵ԼĵĻ
˵ĵȴУЦϲϲҵ飬ΪʲôҪ㣿û˵ҵɣǲ˵ģΪԣһԶܡ
ƽû뵽Էһ˵ʱǾŭӡ
ղȥˣ
׺˼ʵ
ٺ٣ǸҸղźûȥһֱʮ֮ڡ
аȵЦǱýƽʹ

׺ʲôˣԼղŻĬ֣֪ԼϲģǺá
ɵСˣȻ͵
ƽŭ
һݣʱһǿҵɱ֮зɱ⽫ƽԪ֮ʱƽоһֱҪʹĸо
Ҫ
ƽеĿֻڴﵽһֵȻģΪһ
СӣûǣҪ˭֪㲻ֻ㻹ûԵܵĸоѡٸҶԱٲǱپͽԪ֮Ԫ֮ԶĴʹ֮С
赭д˵вԷȻƽȴŵˡ
ջеɱ󣬽ƽŷԼǰͣһ󣬴ʱ˿̣оȻӿһϣ
֪ζ᲻ϧã轣ƽĸо
˲ʹУƽľȻȻı䣬⣬ƺ֮С
׺Ҳĳݣָо׺ϣͬҲһ˲顣
ֱɱ˽ƽͬĸԣɱ¾ֶΣȴýƽ˻ع鱾ԣֶȴһĸֿġ
лǰɱ֮ƽˣףǰָ㣬ƽԶҲ޷֪
ƽȻɽ𾴵Ĵ
׺ȻĶŽƽʵ޷һִ˻
ôģֱһ漣
׺˵
˷ʥͣ޴ܸģĪɣ
΢Ц˵ַ緶ԡ
ǰ˵ǺãǰĻƽһԶУлǰ
ƽ˵
ȻһЦҲ˵ʲôѾף⽣ƽŹһ⣬Ҫԡ
˵ˣǾǽƽˣΪĥԪ֮ʹֱ࣬˿Գܵġ
㣡ϣԭңԭ½ƽǰ֪˽
ƽ˵
׺ҲǵһЦ˫ֱȭȥľѾȥˣٴϣԺΪ֮
ǣƽһǽĻӴԺŬϣԺɽ
ƽͷ˵
ʦ֣ллΪһСʦȻʧȥ壬Ǽʱգʦܻǿġʦ֣Ǿʹȥɣ
ƽ΢ЦĿʦ֡
ԭΪƽѾ޿ɾҩˣʱȴĲˣǸˡ


1514 
ãܺãʦܣԺŬɣʦһԳΪǿߡ
Ц
λҲˣ
һζԶ˱ȭ
ǣ
׺Ҳȭ
λǰߺãڣ
뽣ƽͬʱ֣Ȼ˾һЦ
ڣ
׺ͬ˵Ȼ󣬶˱Ѿȥ
Ŷ˵ıӰƽлЩ뵽ղŵһУǻһΡ
ʦܣ֪֪ǴӹŹȦǰΪ˲ͱɱˡ
̾
ʦ֣˵ĶԡҲı䣬һᱻɱΪ޹أڿʱ֪ãܵĻ档
ƽЦ
ŶԭºδŮԺʦְһαصǰأ˵ǰĴڣûдĿԣǰǰһûκεĻᡣ
˻˵
лġţֻҪŬлᡣȻھ޷޷Ҿ־ɽȻٶ
ƽһһٵ˵ó˴ʧɫ
ʦܣ㻹ûǺοأ
Ƶ
ʦ֣֪ģһˣҾԲ䣬ˡȻûұҪȡҪĶһǧ꣬һ꣬ʮ꣬һҪȻغ
ƽĵ
˴ʱԶԣΪʦһִŵˣԣԶԶԼȰµġ
ԣ
ͻȻֳˣóͬʱ󾪣ǽƽеľ֮ɫŨΣҲû뵽ڴ˵ء
Сӣҵ㣬лңҾͽ׺ø㣡
ûж֣΢Ц˵
һΪ
ƽ˵
һΪ
϶
Ϊʲô㲻ɱңǸҳɳ
ƽʵ
ΪԶҲңԣҲɳҪסˣҸսҪѡ׼ʱ䣬ٴΰܸңҿǻɱ˵ģٺ٣
˵αѾһ紵ɢˣʱƽŷ֣ⲢǶԷı壬һ塣
ʦܣɣûκλᡣ
˿϶
ʦ֣ģҾԲ
ƽҲ϶

˾ȻͬʱЦԶԶ
һɽУ׺γˣʱ׺жЩΣ֪ô
ԲǰģӦþܾ
׺ͷ˵
ûΪ㻹Ǿܾ
Це˵
ңҡ
׺ǲ֪˵ʲôźˡ
֪ʫʫ٣
˻⡣
׺ſʼһ·֮ϵļԼô˷ֿġ
ʱ׺Ž˵꣬ʱҲЩĬˣû뵽˾Ȼߵ׷ɱ츳ǿ󣬸ϣֻѾˡ
ߣУһĵ·֮ҲʲôϾĸûܹ࣬ĸûܹ׷ɱأ
һ룬ҲͻˣЦ׺֪Ϊʲôһֱ׷ɱ𣿡
գǿΪǱ׷ɱɰɣ
׺ش
ЩǱ׷ɱԭɫ¡ˣɣһ˳ţ죬׷ɱҲ֮СȻһ߽ǲò׷ɱ
Ц˵
ǰչûòΪ˵ڱ׷ɱУΪŻԣǲ±׷ɱҲΪһֱսǵΪķǳ졣
׺ϲЦտĻش
ǵġսٶȵǵΪ
ͷ˵
ǣһα׷ɱĹɢˣҲ֪ǶôˡǱɢġ
׺ǵ
赣ģһܿҵǶ˵ġ
οʱͻȻоʯ΢΢Ĳһ¡
ЦˣѾϢˣȥ
ôϢˣ̫ˣȥ
׺ϲ
߰ɣһȣ˭ٶȸ죡
ٺһЦѾա
׺ǲա
ӭɫڿмٵĴУ׺ٶȶô죬ʼΧɴҡ
ҵΪûǿ󣡡
׺̾
һֱ죬һɽ½䡣
Ϣɽ֮У
ָǰĴɽ˵ͻȻһҽԺ
ãΣˡ
ɫһ䣬˲䳯Ǵɽ֮гȥ
׺ǸϣһΣȴôҲٶȣΪ̫ˡ
ɽ֮ŷִɽ󷨣ң󷨵
ΪЩ󷨣Ҳ޷̽鵽ѶϢңЩн֡
η֮ˣȻôţ
һɤ
ţʦᵽľţһԪڶԿĽţ
ţû뵽ȥôˣžȻֳݾڡ
һԪ֮ˣ
żɽ˵


1515 
һԪڣߣʲô
Щŵʵ
ǲ׷ɱһŮӣ
Ȼʵ
ǸɤشǷƾ֤ƾ֤ǾóϷ򽫸㣬û¡˵ǽŵһ֮κɵ߲ô룬һԪڵĵӣҲԣ»ذɣ
ŶǲӣһҪһԪڶԿˣȻˣǾͱֱٲˡ
Խᣬ֮Ѿɢǿҵɱ⣬УɱҲöԷܵˡ
һԪҽ𣿼Ȼǵǽž͸ҽ¡
ɤƺҲŭˡ
ߣ
ЦһͻȻʧֶΣʹ졯Կɴ͸˵󷨡
ףôͻȻʧ
ǼɤȻ˵лصš
ڡ졯֮У岻ϵĴ͸Ŵɽĸ󷨣ȻȴȻ޷Ѱҵټ
ɽ֮ϣж뷢԰׵ڲģһ͵һ𣬾ҲЩסˡ
ôˣ
һæʵ
ãһԪˣû뵽ǸŮӾȻһԪϵ
Ȼ˵еԶ䵽ϡ
һԪˣ
һ𾪵ֳ֮֮ɫ
ĪҪţ˾ˣҽŵʵһԪڡôȥˣһֱ踺أӲܵʱѾ㹻ˡ
һԪҲ統ǰǿ󣬶ŵĵȴѾɳһαǽŶȡݵһڵĻᡣ
ҧ˵м͸¶ŶһԪڵŨŨ⡣
ǰȥˣһ˷ɽ磬һ˲żüã񣬾һԪȣҲѶá
˵žϲ֮ɫ
αһԪ֮գ
Ц͵ĽǰƷڵأȻ˫۸·Ĵɽеɱ𽥵ǿ
һᣬ֮ͻȻ춯ﾹȻ˾ϸĻء
Żؿ϶ݳʮˣЩһɫĻɫӣÿһ˶źɫߣǻ˼顣
λһԪϮһԪںˣҵȶǡ
˵

ͬ硣
ս׼ʩߺˣ
ȡһľӣ֮һѸٵķŴֱ֮ߡ
УɽɫȴɽһŮ˽ս
ȻһŮӣѵŮҲһԪڵĵӣ
۾˵
̽ȴǸûзִɽĵڶˣýҲɻ
л治ϵתҲѾˣȴΨκѶϢ
˾ɽۣһɫȻǽͻȻյϢϢȴ¶ϲɫλһԪڵļϸϢһΣһԪڲδжֻжǰһǴŮһˣȻһԪڵ
һôҲ벻һԪڵȻǰһֻжǰҲ̫Сŵʵˡ
λ䣬ĿһԪڣҽŵһԪڣʵԿһԪڳϣǵĵҲ츳֮һԪȫԿһʤһԪڡ
ȻֻһԪǸϸƴΪһԪںĵУΪеһǰǶҪץһųƾݵһڵһԪû⽫ΪǾЦ
ƺѾץ֮飬ȻЦ˷ܡ

ŵҲ׷׿ЦһԵҲˣ⽣żȻѧһԪڣȴѧĲףĲ˵˵˫ӵĸַ緶⽣ŵľҪԶˡ
һԪھȻҲмϸѹ⽣һԪڵѶϢָƵġϸֻ˭أΪ˵һԪڵΪе
˼ţֻЩһԪںĵоȻмϸڣĪϸԽţ
ˣ벻׾ˣֻҪɱ˽ȻԲϸ˭
һ룬Ҳͻˡ
ȻһŮӵʵȻ˵һԪڵˣڵ
ԣϵЦҲˣýŵǵҲһһε
ȻѾˣһеġջҳģ޷ҳǾڴ˵غҪŮӣһǰ˵ء
һ˵ڽŵӷ׷׵ͷǣһЦ⡣
ԭѾץסˣ
а
ڽ˼֮ʱѾ졯˵¡
ţǴӵµĶڴݳʹ졯Լٶȶ롣
붴֮ҡһ䣬Ϊһֻɶ꣬ȻҳǰС
ɽкڰªƺЩŵ߶żªɽ֮ϣ־д󲿷ֶԴһԪڣȡݵһΪ־
ɽУǶжҲݾߣֻԱ仯֮ԵÿڴС


1516 
ڰУȴһȹŮһǣֱŶɫӣͷѾңҵסա
֮⣬ʱж˶˻º棬һᣬһ˱תͷ͸ŵĿ׳
ٺ٣С椳Ŀ־
̲סһڿˮҲŵˣ岻ĸˡ
ľһӵСǶСʦſƤ
һ˵ˣȴһŮӵ
ߣ֪֪֪֪˵ʦλ֪㲻ܣû˸ܡ
˵
ϣһ˿Ž룬ôֹˣǲǾͦźأ
Ůͬõ˵
ʦãϱгΪÿ椣㶼£ܲˣһΣܣ㳹׷
ӱĲУ͵ĳ˺ɫߣ¶һݡ
Ϊʲôôɫأ
ŮҲŭˣһѳߣ¶һֺӣȻ֣ȴҲ
ʦãҪ֪ĸɫ˵ˣҺɫʲô飬вɫ㣡
ӶŮӵݺݵ˵
ŮӵгЩĻңȴܿĻָ򶨡
ʦ֣ƺеŮ˶ȤΪʲôȥһȤҲûأѵҳĺ֪֪ܳҵġ
ŮӹֱӶԷ۾˵

һ˲䣬ŶԷһᣬȻٿŮӣҡҡͷЦ㰡αأʵɣ㲻ϲͣϲݵģȴô֣ϲߵģȴҼͷϲƯģȴĺͨ
ȥȥ
ŮӳױŭˣȥƶԷ
ʦãһû˵أϲԸŮˣȴ˱ŭԿ
ӲһҲߵŮһӡ
ˣûһöǼˡ
Ůӱߵĺǿסۿеˮ
Ӳͷˣŭңϲ˭顣
ŮӸղŻµûһöɴʱȴץסӵĸ첲˵ʦ֣Ҫңòãˣ˫ް£ӦҰɣԺһġ
ӴŭеŮ˺ȴͻȻЦˡ
ҪҿԴӦ㡣Ҳܰװ״Ӧ㣬ҲӦеô𣿡
ӺٺЦЦޱȡ
ŮȴǴϲæ˵ʦ֣˵ɣ˵ʲôҶӦ㣡ֻҪ㲻ҷ
ָָڵŮˣЦ㲻ܣҪһΣΣ
ŮӴ󾪣ǳԴ׵⣬ǵĴ½Ҫĺ
ʦ֣ҿԴӦ㣬Ҫʦ׷ǸǺãҿɲϣʦͷ㡣
Ůӵǵ˵
޷ô˵ҲʦӣҲʳӣˣôǱߣ뵣ģҵǴϣֻҪΪҳҲὫô˵ˣ飬֪֪֪֪û֪ġ
ӵķ
Ů㶣ȴָҵˣºҷ㣬ҲӲ˸ϵ
ң
ȵȻߴٵʦãһ㣬ֻҪһʱͿ꣡
ŶҰ㣬ɱҰ
Ů˵ͬʱڴȡԿףҲȡԿףΪҪһſԺ
ѵ
صĽſŮͬʱ롣
ڽŮæеô
¸£ô˵أ
ЦΪ⣬͵һץס˽ɫŮӶʱ浹أǳҲһԣ¶һ޵ݡ
ʦ֣Ҳһ㣬û뵽ôϲһ͵ġ
Ů˵˵ȴǼʵҪ޲ԼҲԷһ
㶮ʲôˣԳȥˣվǻҵ顣
Ӳͷ˵
һ㣡
ŮƵ˵Ȼѡ˳ҡ
ǣûüңͻȻһķ
ԭһֻɶ꣬ɶ곤ĺƯףԣôзɶأ
Ůɻ˵
Žɫӣ㱻Էڵţе澪ֲѡ
С椣ͱˣӺúˬһΰɣ
ӺٺЦһ顣
뷢Уתһ룬Լ﷢ҲûκôΪǳĸ
ͻȻɴ۾ϸӶԷӺһ
ôˣʵǿ󣬿ǣѾ޷ʹˣһס˫˫ţһʲôµġ
Ұο
ǣԷʱӻǸоǷеĿ־֮ȥ
㿴Ҹʲô
ʵ
֪ʱ޷⣬Ҫĳ࣬ҷģֻҪûһ죬һʬΡ
˵
һ˵ƺסˣȻվԭأԵЩ֪롣
Ů˵Ĵߴѹ͵ĺԺҲŲܣֻڣھҪԶ޷ҡ
ӵͺֱҪץסԷ֣ǣȴû뵽Ȼץ˸ա


1517 
ಣ
һɫӰӳǰӰӳֵ֮Ҳɴסˡ
ô
Ӿʧ
ŮҲɵˣæ˽ڵأʦǵӵĴʦ֣ҪͷҰɣ
ģһߣȴû뵽ӵĵвɰԾúЦ
ʱ˿̣æ䣬жپ֪Լʲôʱſؼա
ϣƴԿһԪڣȴңԵŵ𣿡
ģߵ
һʱͿǵϵɴԭ¡
æڵأŮųһţ˱ŵţǰ˵赭д
һбֱɱ˶ˣʱȴı⡣
Ҫ֮¸ôҶ֪һӣӴԺϱܵӡ
ȵ
ɵˣû뵽Ȼ׺ݣǴ´ȥԼкĿڽ㣿
ʦĴʹģҪͷҰɣ
Ůӿ
ˣôվӣĳĴ˾Ĳˡ

۾һ˵ôԼϤĸоңƺӦ˵
Ƕ˷´ʱҲϸ룬ֻǾôϽ̫׺ݡ
Ůӿ޵ĸˣȴʵʵĴߣû뵽Լڴϵл
ˣϷҲ˵ˡ̫ʧˣսڼǻɱл֮ɣ
˻һǶ˲

Ӵе룬ȴˣ˵δȫǣǵߡڣԾɣҲŹԪ֮壬Ѿݵˡ
Ҳסˣ˺ݶĵ𣿺ûУ
Ҳʳӣ̫ݶˣ
ҧ˵Ȼڴʱ˷ɽ
Ҫ
Ůӿ޵ֹȴƿʲôʲô飡ĸҹӣ
ʲôѵҪϷ˶㣿
ȵ
г׾ˣ͵һԼĲӴն£ŮҲֻѡ۾
Ѫɽͷ䣬ŨѪζҡ
ӵ嵹غԪ֮ҲڿУԪ֮徹ȻĻҪǿ
һﾹȻӵоŵɷΪǲֻһٺòƷ
аЦû뵽Ѵ֮Ϳɱ
ˣôж

Ů޿κΣֻѡһ׳ңѪɽɱ塣
Ԫ֮ƯڿУɰԺЦû뵽һжԶԶĳԼ֮⡣
Ѿܵ˳ͷ㻹ô
ŭˣʱŶԷ
ҽƱ磿ãǾͱϷִǹ
ȵ
ԹĳʱͻȻʹɫ棬ǿĻ˲佫˵Ԫ֮֡
˻֪ʱѾʹ˸İɫ棬һı£ҲӳɫİΧ
ˣǲ˽ƣΪ˷ֹⷢΪһΣԼǸ½˵ĵ
磿
Ѿµݣʽʹõ˳뻯زģмأ
þò
Ц
磬㣡
ȫţٴʵ
ȻңȻΪһɱ𣿡
ٺЦ΢΢һȻԭ
ɶϵˣҵ
ŭ
ϻҪɵ϶ӣҷǵñɣ
Ц
磡
˵ҪĻУȴǱµĽɫסˣˤڵء
Եһᣬһġ
æ˵ʱݾߣԱһٳȥϵļ
ԻʱУǶԪ֮ѾҪˣ˷š
ɣ㵽˭
ӷߺ޵
أ˭ôСأ
ɵЦ
ʦ֣ǺƴˣԪԱҲܷŹ
Ůӷݺ
ûǵ³ȻֻһʼɵϣӵоŵɷȴɱˣңǵԪ֮ҲԶɵɵ
΢Ц˵
ижѣһֱԼȴû뵽ڹؼʱ̳֣ѾǶΪ˸˲صĴۡ
Ǳ
ЦԭǷϵľҲΪһЦԵ˾
ಣ
Ԫ֮ͬʱչ˲ƣȻֻһ֮£֪ΧĻжô
ҽУ˵Ԫ֮ǱڻвһȻƿ֮С
Ƕˣ۸Ǿ͹ֲñĺˡٸղ˵ˣڽǿʼٽһһķǵԪ֮壬Ȼ𡣡
ЦһǰɫѾʼѹȻнӻг

˵Ԫ֮屻潣ָͬʱȻ˼ʹ࣬һ˱ʹ


1518 
ɣ־ɱң
Ӽ
ȻҪɱ㣬ϧڣҪһ㱻ɱ㵨ʹ³
һһٵ˵΢û뵽ԼҪ˵Ļ˵˳
Ԫ֮ʹУȴŸԹȥľǶԪ֮ģȴǸû˴ǡ
ʱԪ֮ѾĥİȻǵĲҽȴԽ
磬׺һģأ
ʵ
ֻ㣬ȴҵĴ
ʱ׺Լһġ
пϲȴû뵽ԼеĵλȻҪԶԶ׺
ŮˣϲʱȾͲŮˣȻֻиˣ˵磬쿴ôˡ

ӦһԺѰ׺ֻһȴһ
ŵץסˣû뵽Ҹովһһȴץˡ
¶һĨɬЦ⣬ȻвڣΪȽ⣬߸ҪӪȡ
ܵĿҲ㹻ƽеķŭ˰ɣ
ʵ
ˣûܵóѣȴô࣬Ҫ磬ҿɾͲˡ
Ц
ಣ
һǴŻѾ֮УǶԪ֮ҲڲɱԳ֮Ϊˡ
ЩɻΪλԼʱȴ˵԰꣡ˣ׺ҲץסˣǻὫ͵˴ãұԳ˻º
Ц
ɾȵ֪ͣε֪һѶϢģǰͬһ㣬Ȼһ֪ܵĸо
΢һеĺۼȻ˳ȥſڣҡһ䣬ѾûΪˣȻֱվԡ
ǷֳһɷҲ޾彣֮ˣʹĽǰ˵ɷ츳ҪԸŵɷߣҲѾ㹻ˡ
ԼĪƬ̣һѹ׺˹
׺бѾһˣǣԷϼǰ׺սһжˣջǱ¡
֪ôˣϣûбץס
׺ţҲ֪ΪʲôԼڸ޷Ʋ⵽κѶϢڤڤ֮УԼ츳ʧȥԭеԡ
ߣ
һȴȴһŮӵ
㵽ҪҴδ
׺ʵ
ߣȻǴҡģһԪڵնۼǼҵģҽһԪڻǷȱ˲ٻֻҪһԪڣűǾݵһڡ
Ůӵ˵Щԡ
ٽʱŮͻȻЩԾоȻֲԤС
ʦ֣ʦãһԪڷ˴ǿŰɣ
ŮӴ˵

ıͬʱһȻͬʱѵ֮Ѿ򿪡
ŮЩɻʦʦãȻѹ׺߽
Ůӽ׺ѹҺ̼޷ʹǽɫ˿ʱŮӲһ
ʦãˣлҪ˵
ıͻȻȡ˺ɫߣȻҡ
ŮһۿʦӢòжʱһϲȴЩԥһʦá
ߣѧŮӵߵŮһЩʦòˬȴҲǶԼ޿κΡ
ʦ֣кأ
ŮӿУ˳˸۹ȥ
СӻǸȻ뽣˶ŮйϵǣСӵƷλǹģǰŮƺһ㡣
ţֻ֡
Ůĸˡ
һܣҺ顣
½ƣȻѹ˵
ôˣ
Ůд󾪣Ҳн͡
ʦãһ㣬߸㣡
ٺһЦ
ŮֻöԷЦƺ⣬ǱӦһЦȻٹ˼ɵĽӽԷҽԴչȥ׼ԷԼܡ
ܾǣ㳤ĺһ㣬Ҳܱ
Ц˵Ůһ㶣ûüζԷĻͻȻһһǶԷ
ŮӷӦ㹻죬ȴҲ㲻ߵĹһŮӱѾ촦
ʦ֣ʲô
ŮӵԪ֮壬ίŭʵ
ಣ
ķҲڴʱңܿıΪһ
㲻ʦ֣
Ůŭ
ڷˣȴ̫ˣ
ٺһЦǿ˽ƵȻһб㲼˰ɫ档
˭Ҫʲô
ŮӾе
ҪԪ֮壡
ֱԵ

Ůӿ־ķΧȴԼܰ쵽
ܿˣ
׺һţжʱһʹ
Ǻǣྡˣôأ
Ц
׺ȻһǵĽƣŷǸ˾Ȼ
Ǻǣ㿴ҲΪ˽Ƕøлֻܾǡ
׺Ц˵Ȼһȴʩȡ
ҲŮӵԪ֮ϻɫѹ֮Ȼ㽫֮ɡ


1519 
ˣڱԪ֮ҪɣȻԣʲô£ֻҪʱѡ
ӽ߳ȻЦߵǰǵһᣬǵԪ֮壬Ȼǡ
ԼĪһʱѾԪ֮ˣʱ׺ĵȴš
ǸǾõˣھ⿪ǵ
΢΢һЦȻ⿪׺ܵ
ԷɽնǽɫʱȻûնϣҲЩȣȻ˼̵
¶ʱȴķɽ֮Ѿȼ˰ɫĻ潣潣֮£ǽɫҲȵ
õģһƳɫģֻҪһʱѡ
Ȼ˵ʱƻ潣ǽɫ֣öҲϣ
ƻ潣սɫһܹ˺еѶȾԲСԻ潣ĿѾʮ־ԣķʽУҲ˺塣
Ļ潣£ǽɫ꿪ʼ˻ںϣǷǳĻƬ֮󣬽ɫ㷢һǽɫȻ潣ˡ
ֽŵڱ⿪ʱѾӿỨ
磡
˽ĻһԵ׺ЩתȥȴЩĽ޼ɵ
΢ЦļоҲЩϾһʱûм˷һֻĸо
ԺڣǸΪֻعˡţҪӴԺ󲻸ڡ
һ뵽űѺ֮࣬бгɱ⣬ΣԼҲҪΪӻع
ţ磬Ҫ⽣֮˱޳ܣҲС·˵ʱ㱻ǵĵӵϷһŭ֮±ɱһˣ֮󣬽ŵӱȫ׷ɱңһˣԵֵĴɣ䵽ܵĵز缰ʱϵҲұײ
̧ͷһһٵ˵еɱҲеĹ
Ҳøˣǿߵ磬ֻܱɱֻǿ߲ܸõȥˣҲеˡ
׺˵
׺ЦһһֱԼ˲ϱ׷ɱѾ˺ܶ顣
кܶ飬㲻˼ң˼ұ㲻㣬ʱֻսס
Ҳкܶ飬һûףǣҲʼǡЩˣɱС
׺¶ɬЦ⣬ʱ˼Ҳ˺ܴĸı䡣
ȻѾǣôԸΪѩԸΪֻع𣿡
׺Լ˵
۾һε׺׺һʹ
ԸΪԸΪֻع
׺˵űɱ⡣
ǻıģǶڲϵĸı䣡ѡûдΪߣУεأǿΪǿԲˣǣһǣǾҪ֪Ƶĺڣһ𲢼սɣ
ԽеĹ
лл׺һ𲢼սɣڴһѾܾˡ
ͷ¶һżݡ
ս
׺鲻ԽסȭͷȻ
ܺã⽣ŵΪȻһԪڰϸͼһԪڣô˵ҲһԪڵǵóѣ
˵
һԪ
ȵʵû뵽ݵһڵȻϢĳ֮
ǱˣǺǣҲǸողųΪһԪġһûΪһԪʲôף磬˽ţԴʾĹ
ЦǺǵ˵Ӣ¶ЦߵĶŮ
˲УɽгȥЦǣŵ񶼻û֮Ѿ˱ʡ
ѾƬɽ򷢶̺ʽڸɽԴΪصȴԷš
ֻǣ̫͹һԪڵˣҲͼĴ
ಣ
Ӱǵݳ˵ĳ̱˽ŵӵע⡣
ãұ٣
д󾪣ǰҲЩţû뵽ԷȻû
ҿطˣôҳأѵѾ˲⣿
Ŵ뵽岻͵һⲢǺ£ȴǺ¡
˵ĳ˽ţֻһЩŵӱѵصĳ
վһƽ֮أԷʮ֮࣬Ϊ׵ĶȻΪԷδӵ¶ݳ𾪡
Ѹɨˣͣ
±һԪ
ʵ
±ǽ
ʡ

ԾȻЦһԪʲôʱȻ˸δɵļһЦˣ
ЦҲ׷׷Ц֮Ƶ澪ˡ
׺ȻһЦΪͷȴסˡ
źųţֻڲΪ֪ĺڰѨ˲ˣӡȴһޱͷһǰǱ뽣ŵĵңȴһˣŵȫǷʸЦ


1520 
ĸ˵˻һ˱ѾЦ
ߣû뵽һԪȴǱ޳֮ˣ͵Ϯ֮£ҽŲмȥһԪڣȴûеһڵķȣǻóһڵλãҽɽ硣

ǣһԪڸûиַ緶͵Ϯңʲô¡
ŴϸԷ̵
ŶͷǸˣĶĺܲҡûиַ緶͵ϮңɱӣΣ㻹ֻп޵ķݡ
һתѾʼԳƣ˻һǽŴϵȦ̺ˣ֪Ѷһĺܲңܲ
ˣɱҶӣϷҪʬΣйͷ֮ޣ
Ŵŭ
ŴϺ޷ȣֻɱӣûɱȫң㼤ʲô˵ʲôݣʲôʸ뱾˵
ԷǱȽ滹ҪϬýŴϵʧأ޲˲ƹȥɱ
ϣ˶Է֮
ĺȵ
統ͷһǽŴѣæл
Ӵ⽣治һҡһ£֮УһɱˣƺȫǽŵľӢӰôһҲأѵûнµˣûнŵӵˣʣʲôʸ񵱽ŵ
һñӿ۹ȥýǰٿĪ磬ڽڵӵע£¶֮ɫ
ȴ뽣ţɱ޹һΪŵֻعһԪжôǿ󣬱Źǵġ
ŭ
뱾ܽĹ׷ɱһԪڵȣȻһԪڵӣϵʱҲˣȻıԿһԪڡ˵
Ȼ˵ϾȻһ˿Ц⣬ýҲɰ̾˵Ļ֮ǿ˿Լ֮¡
˭˭֮ɱҽŵӣ͵øĴۡǼȻˣǾͱˡ
ѾԷｻˣʱ׼ԵʵԷˡ
ߣǲΪҪߣ
Ц棬ûн˷С
ŶԷˣЦһû뵽Էƾ˱ԸţЩԴˡ
ϣټеӷش˵أţƾ˱Ұ

ϰͲɱԷԱɱ֮´´ɽƺ˻ӦʱХԶ
磬˶ڣֻˣǲҪѰԮ
֪ԷЩߵ֮ʱŵĵӶڴ˵أвЩǣԼ޷ռơ
׺Ҳкγ뷨Ȼȴ治ɫֻ΢΢һЦ赣ģȫڴˣҲǡһɱһɱһ˫ͽ⽣ŵһѶˣ󻼡
׺ͬʱŴͣô벻Ϊˡ
֮ǰΪҲûȥ೤ʱ䣬Ѿ޷Ϊˡ
Ȼ˵һʲôõĵġŵΣӣ
ЦеɱΪɭ
ŵӺܿѾ룬㳬ˣһǽŵȫ˶£ޱȣǵǳսԷ˱ɡ
ಣ
ķɽȻ֣һֺб˲١
׺Ҳ˷ɽ˵ĵʵֻǱԷΧܡ
ѵҽŰͬʱս̫ˡ
Ц
ٺ٣㽣ŰΣǣҲǰˡɣ֪һԪڵ
аȵһЦǹ𵭵ǳЦ
ãǶѰȫǣ
Цһӣʱʮŵſơ
ɱ
һȻȳԷУٶ֮죬ǽҲһ
׺һۣǹϣ֮£ֻҪǿߣԱû⡣
ԼĪʮŵӱһſȴֱӳԷУ׺Ǵһ߷
ѾŵɷƶĹѾʹˡѪӿźɫâսҫŽɫĹâ
Ҫô֣һֱǺ飬ͻȻýŵӴֲ
ĽŵѡԷɽϮȻǳԾǣȻѡӲ˵Ĺ
䣡
˵Ľըѿȴ治ɫȻǰݽԶԶڽŵӵԤ֮⡣
ಣ
ڶԷȻչ˲ƣ˲ƵͬʱȻʹһʱ֮䣬˸޷̽鵽˲ƹ켣
Сģ
ȵҲֳɻ֮ɫԷʹ˺ֶΣȻԼ޷쵽˲ƹ켣
ʫѾͬʱ˽ǲĽŵҲͬʱֵ˵Ĺ
ˣڴʱ任ͣƾ֮һԿ
ͣ
ν˲䱬ʱͬʱҺǽ貵ǰ١


1521 
һ˲䣬ɫĻͬʱ֣ϮʱǰɫĻҲϯ
Ŀɿڴϵ˶ԷΪǿֵزȴԶԶԤ֮⡣
ʮŵӣΪҲӵɷﵽŵɷҲǣȴһ˲㱻Էɱ
âʮоȻѾ룬жʮֻüһҽУɱԪ֮Ҳûİɫ档
׺Ҳն˲ɱһŵӣŵӵԪ֮ҲûѶ˵ֿơ
ֵļո𣬽ŵĸĿɿڴȴֲνٴʣĽŵӲ˲ܵĻᶼûС
ĺӰѾߣǷŻڵʮŵѾڡ
ŨѪζڿɢǲ֫壬һ˲顣
ĶͷҲð˿˿亹֮иǳ˾֮ɫ
鱨дһԪĸ֣ΪλôֻҵΪһĵ֣
ޱȡ
̫ǿˣѹַᱻɱ
Ҳ̾
еķɽϲһѪȻаȵЦ⣬·𷽲ŵɱ¾赭д顣
׺ճݵѹҷţʵֱ̫̬ˡ
ɱ󣡡
˷׷ƶλãΪǿռڲ࣬ΪСռࡣ
׺ͬʱɫ˲뿪ȴȻԭء
õģڣǲҲͽ͵ġ
ЦŰο
ɱ⣬Ķ֣Ǹʱ䣬Ǹв
죬۸ĴۣһҪɱ
а
񻺻ӹȥ֪⽣ŵʵ֮һԪڣǿɲǲһ㡣
ȷʵռһƣɱ𵥸ʵ츳ǵҪԶˡ
һ˲䣬㷢ӵоŵɷĽŵӾʮˣȥűɱˣʣµĽֻʮˡ
ˣǿҲֻа˵ɷ׺ʵҲɶԸһȺŵӡ
ʵ̫СˣǸ߿ˣ
˵
ߣҪǻ֪ŵġ
ŭʱԲʧȥʿ
һԪмϸǣǼϸȴΪһԪЧ͵ġϵˣ
ٺЦѾ³ԭڣǽмϸ鱨֮
˵⽣һֱΪŵʵһԪڣʱ˿̣ȴǵʵ֮һԪҪʮֹʦһˣҲ˽ţοԼأ
ڴʱɽͻȻǿдɽ֮С
һδƽһ𣬽Ҳɽ𶯾ˡ
ɣ㾹ȻԮѹֲҽţ
Ƶĺȵ
ٺ٣Ҹ㣬ֵأԸţһԪ־Ϳ˽ţⲻ֪ǻһֱΪŵʵһԪڣ⵱һ顣
ȻЦѾµһԪڵӡ
ಣಣಣ
ƿ֮ϴҲζɽ󷨸޷סˡ
ּˣ
Ѿǽͬ˹һ㣬һ
⽣ŵֲͣ꣬ˣ
ϷҲߡ
һԪͬʱ֣ԭûĵĽ
ƭң㾹Ȼƭң
ߵָһ˺
ȽɵҲƭģΪһϡŵĴλ𣿺ߣǲ
һŮǽһԪڵļϸϸȴǼװģһֱƭ˽ꡣ
һжƭʱĿһȴǿȳһѪ
÷㲻ΪҪƭ
Ļͷӽ⸱ģҲɸо˵ı
ͬΪıһԪڵˣһԪڵĹ㽣ۣͬҲ֪ˣһԪڵʵԶṩ鱨ʵϣһԪ˱㲻ܶԿģȻȴΪŵʵԶԶһԪڣǳ룡
÷Ȼ˵жǽûһ˿һĺøС
ŵҲ׷¶ֽ֮ɫԭһֱƵĿһԪڣһõԸˡ
ɵˣٴαѪϵıԽµ񣬽Ҳˡ
׺͵͵Ĺ۲һԪˣȻÿ˵ʵ쳣ǿжʱһԪڵȻ𾴡
Ƭ̣һԪڵĸּѾ룬ʱͬʱ񣺡²μ
񣡡
΢ЦĹ֣˷׷һ¶Ц⡣
ʦЩһǾͽɣǾܿϷ
΢Ц˵
ӵͷЦǱģԸ֣ԵϢս
ͷȻǽһᣬִ˱Ǳͷһ·
ǰһԭҸȼʱ˿̣ڵҲȼϣ


1522 
ȻôҲ뱾һģˣǾͳϽµһڣӴԺݲһԪڵϢ

кβңֻҪǴңһ˵㣡
￴Էռıֻո˵İձα壬ǲʩչα壬Ҫ⽣֮Ҳ¡
һԪ˳֣Ͳȡǽ֮˵Ԫ֮ˣȻԳ֣⽣˵Ԫ֮㶼һС
ʱŽŵӵ۹ͬȻᵣĽ
ŵһսغҵغˣƴȫһսԪԱֻҪܹսʤǱӮһС
еķɽȻֺɫâһ㲻һķɽ
ƴȫΪս
ڽŵӷʿȻһ˲䱩ǡ
ҵ˺󣬴һ֮š
˷׷׺ˣ㹻ĿռʩչֶΡ
ս׼
ȵɫ֮»¡
ŲæƾԷʩչ󷨽ԼΧڶԷĽУа׹һꡯѾС
ϷǰһȻǡꡯʲô
ɴ˫ۣķвɻѣôʹ÷ɽʹַأ
ɽʹã̫Դˣѵ׼Ϊǵһ
Ц
δһأ֪Ҫӡ
ٺЦȻ˷ɽ˫ͬʱ٣ͻȻһȻ֮˾һ㶡
Ȼ
ӾٴκˣǰʶԴⱻˡ
ڵʶ
´аЦֻҪʶԷ޷УҲʧȥԭеЧ
ҡͷЦЦ⽣ΪʶЧ

٣ڵӷ׷һ㶣ΪǷʶš
ɱ
зɽն
ֻԪ֮尡
ϹŴеԪ֮壬ΪֻԪ֮壬޷ӳ⡮ꡯǿ
ȻȴȫͬķɲһǿǼ츳ľŵɷҲ޷׵ĹԼķ
ಣ
ξȻ˲ƣȻ򲻶ϵĴ˳
ʲô֣ô
૵գˡ
һԪ˷׷գ˳ľﵽ֮ңŵֱ
ʱʹıԼġҵ١ơꡯȻҵĵ࣬ǡꡯĳ
֮Уﲻŵɷռһ룬Щ˵޷ˣһʩչǺҵĵ࣬ЩҲ޷ֵ
ġꡯߵԪ֮壬ԶʶձϡꡯĹ
ǿĹһõսģʽһ˶ԷǱǿȡԣʩչꡯ
˫ԽԽ죬Ѿһϵ޷ԿأýдŭڵȻǿϿ˵ֹý˱㴦˾εĵλ
ҵ٣ŵĸҲܵһӰ죬ҲЩοЩͨӡ
Ц⣬˫ԽԽ죬޽£ŵĲѾַ֮ƣЩ˻У󷨵½˲١
ԣһֱ˶ԷһϵˣֶһԪҲ޲
ôôϷ򳪵ĻҪ
ϷҲɻ
ʦ壬㻹û𣿰ҵ٣㿴˫ְڶӣڵ𣿡
ӽӿڵ
ȻˣСӣѵǶɺ޸о
ϷӾȵ
ʮŵѾַ֮ƺһâͻȻ仯ˣһ׻ŵͻȻ˳
ЩԭĽŵҲѸٰҲ¶ٻ飬ȻҲ˲ĵ
ɵľͨʱͷһ滺ɣ˳滺С
һӣ˶¶֮ɫһֹͣ˹Ȼɡ
ǿ꣬ɱһȺ˵ôʵ̫ˡ
аżԷ֮ȴѵһȻһзɽ
ţԽԽ߷˷ɽʱ˵Ѿţƽ֮£˵Ҳƽ˼ޣеɱҲȫ׵Ժ
ĸһЩɣ
аָͻȻ任࣬һָɽˮȻ
ʱʩչбЩǷ׷׼ķɽȻ󣬾Ȼһеķɽ
ͻȻ䣬ٴηǵǿҵɱ֮ǽһֵسĸо
ɱ
нŵӸߺٲȻͬŵ˵ˡ
ͬͬԺʱҲɽնԷһʱ֮䣬ƱãԭĽŵӣȻзս


1523 
Խ٣ǽŵӵĹԽ񣬲֮һ˵ܵͬŵɱ
ɱֶΣֱδţ
Ϸ𾪵
ֹҲЩˣû뵽˹ֲ̫ˣһɱ˲Ѵ֮ĸо
ͬһ㣬ɵĹﵽһ󣬵һ¡죬һŵѾԪԱ
ıըУŵӱըķɳʮ⣬Ľŵȴͬʱãлع
Ҫɵǿȣ򣬱ԪԱ
аɵļЩŵٴʧǡ
Ƭ֮󣬳˼ǿ⣬ѾȫֻʣԪ֮塣
ʱٴθı䣬ʼѡԵɹǣЩԪ֮徹ȻһŶγӽ
΢΢һЦͻȻֱֻۣЩֱͬʱǰӳɫ棬ǵԪ֮űɫΧ
Ԫ֮屻ĽָʱЩԪ֮ڳĿƣҲ˵ֱʱЩԪűǵѡ
ˣһȴԵ̫ˣİɫ֮УЩԪ֮·ӡ
һ߽һ߿ʼɽŵӵԪ֮壬ͬһʱʱҲоЩƣ
ˣԲֹʽŶԡꡯԽҲΪӦ֡
ɵľ룬һԪҲٸܵĿֲ֮˸оʩչꡯԭڡ
Ҳ಻סеϲãɢϲĹâϷӺγˡ
һԪڳţһԪκһ˶ԣĺ¡
ǰһѾȫϵϣΪԼԽһ˵壬ĸо
׺ΪӣǰһֱΪûɱ¾֮е뷨Ѿһı䣬ʱ˿̣ʩ治֪˵ʲôá
һԪ˵ľȴУϵɽŵӵԪɾǷģƬ̵ʱ䣬ֻʣˣ˻Ѿȫ
Ѿʩչ˼츳ɽŵӵԪ֮壬ǡꡯĹҲھһΰʱҲЩ
ͻȻͣסҲڴʱ徲ˣȴѾջˡꡯѾһɫķɽȵԭء
ѣܣȴֵķΧĽ߽ʣ¶ˣǶҲͬ¶ã֮ɫ
ղô£
֮ƺǵ˸ղŷ飬ţŵӽͬһȻչɱԼһɱʮŵӡ
ʱ˿̣Ժлŷ֮£΢Цվ֮ǰ
ڣ˵㵽ʹʲôаɱҽŵӣ
ԲӣһʹõĲаЩŵƺҲȫǱɱģѵˣҲɱЩŵӡ
ĻشýԶԣмȾŭ
ҪΪĽŵӱҵһ񣬾ƴϷҲҪΪŵֻع
ŴϲΡΡĺһı֮ɫ
бĿ𣿡
бţͻȻ֮䣬ԼƺˣһԪԸûк³ԼҲڴʱ
񣬽žȻֻʣˣһԪһδˣŻʲôʱһԪڶԿ
ŶԷˣǵͬˡ
ƴˡ
ĺͷ˲ɢͷ𣬿ȥѾŭ֮
ڴʱԺͻȻֳ½˵Ļ棬вһ⵺½˾ȻԽˣֱӴǺ濪ʼ
սپˣ
һνѾΨһŮӡ
Ǵ̳ѣһл̫ˣ߻Ǳ֮ɱˣԪ֮Ҳûӹ
ʣˣ
γڿк˵
Ϸƴˣ
ŴϷȻһ
ʱΪ츳ٴӣÿɷѾʮϵ츳
ӽųɢУѾµ츳ÿʮ屶ң츳һԪڵĺĵӣŲһԪǰʮ
Ŵϳʱû㣬ƾķɽԼ
ŴϼȫǱ֮Ҳﵽʷǿ⽣ֱֱնȻǽնȴӲһС
ͣ
Ŵϵ徹ȻͬߵķݰɵȥиһѪ
㡣
Ŵ֧壬ָ˵һĻ
̫ˣ
ƽ˵еն콣ҲһŴϡ
𣡡
ŴϷֵȻ໥ײ󣬽Ŵŷ֣ԼȻھ֮С
Ľֱɱ˴ϵ壬ǽѾȫ˵֮г˾Ǿ


1524 
Ϊʲô
Ŵ˵Ԫ֮ڿзߺ޵ĺʱȴоһǿԼԪ֮֡
֮䣬ŴϵԪ֮ѾУմ֮Ƶ˽ͬʱҲһԪˡ
Ŀˡ
˵֮ѾǽŴϵԪɽڡ
㶵Щ֪룬ȴû뵽踺أ׼겻ֹȴһҷ𣬵񣬾ȻֻʣԼһˡ
㲻ˣ
˺ȵ
ǲ˲Ҫ㶼
Ȼ˵
飡
ͻȻһڴﵽĶ壬ҽ˽
ĶŽƺҪġ
δǽƷӵǿƴơ
Ļᣬʹǿʵһķڷ
һһٵ˵
츳Բ
ĺǿƳϮȥ
츳̫
ЦƾԷƣѾµ˶ԷһɷҲʮ屶ҵ츳ԼԴﵽʮϣƾ츳ԼȶԷǿһ
ңʱѾʩչˡѪĹԶǿڶԷԣʵԷѾ޽ӽھʵ
ǶԷʹ飬Ҳʹ飬Ϊ츳ԭѾγ˾ʵơ
ţ
˵䣬͵һնɽٲȻŽ֮
Ųţ
зɽһͬʹ˽飬һʹˡƽ
˫һڿײһһ˲䣬ɴ˫ۣŵŶԷĽԼ͸
޿ɶ㣬޿ɱܣ
ϵսҲ˲䱻ķɽ͸һŷֶԷʵ֮ǿȻѾﵽɱԼĵز
ն佣ͷ­ʱǽͻȻ˱仯һɹɰɫĻӽ֮ӿֶЩֱӽԪ֮֡
һ֮䣬ʤѷ֡
Ҳû뵽ԼȻԷһɱԪ֮Ҳ˶ԷС
Ц̫棬ȻΪţܾݵһڣ
Ԫ֮ЦЦȴЦޱ
ǵģ棡ϧѾûкڵĻᡣ
ƽ˵Ĳ˿Ĳ
ȷʵʸ񵱾ݵһڵ츳ǿߣѹӻὫ֮λ㡣
˵һεķڷȴǾ벻ʡ
л佱
˵֮䣬ŰɫĻѾйŽԪ֮ڡ
ˣŸȴǲһʱ䣬ƾһ֮ɸš
׼˵ȴдһŭ𣺡һԪڵߣǻ
һԪ޲ɫҲЩǣû뵽ԷԽݱ߽硣
Ī˵½ˣ
Ȼʵ
ǣ
϶Ļش
½ˣһԪˣ
Ϸ
õξϣ
ӹ
ʦ㻹ǲҪΪǰôƺھôƺɣĲϰƺΪ
΢Ц˵
ǣ
Щε˵
Ŷʦ赣ģϴǸ½ˣҲͽһȻһ³νˮ͡ӭսǣ
ɫ˵ҫǿҵɱ⡣
ӵͷϣҵС
һԪڣ׼ӭս
һȻգһԪ˷׷׸ϣڿγһǿơ
ھϿշʱ֮޲õΪ˵Ϊ֮ǿھݺųµһڡ
ͻȻɫ䣬ãһ·ɱ¾ѾɱһԪŵӴƽѾѶϢǵÿϻء
޲󾪣ʱҲЩˣû뵽Է֮죬ȻôҵһԪڵλá
ٸһԪڣһ
˲ʧڿУΪ˸ʱ䣬Ѿ졯졯ļٶȺñѾӽһԪڡ
ಣ
âһѾһԪɽ֮⣬ʱвһ
ɽ֮⣬Ѫ죬߲һԪɽŴȴʮֵƽ
ɫأһԪɽǰĽƣȻһԪʱȴһϢһԪڵɽ֡
ԭ֮ϣʮʬ壬ֻһۣ֪Щ˽һԪڵŵӡ
ӦһЩŵӵģҲ½һԪڡ
дŭսʶ̽鵽ɽȴһҰ޵ĺɽ
ಣ
˲ƶգۼѾϵֳ
ʱȴһԪƽ̵һԪڴ
㳡֮ϣʮһԪڵһ˲˸ԼһɣĿ࣬˫սһԪڵս


1525 
һԪڵƽһŭɫΪϮһԪʮӣһԪڵƽ۲ѣҪ֪ЩӵʵȻĵǿ󣬵ȴҲ߱˵츳ÿһⶼһԪδľ޴ʧ
𣡡
һᣬɽֳͬĺĳһԪڵĹ㳡֮ϣȻֶߴĺӰ
ЩӰ˫սսףޱ飬ԵĽӲһȴǷǳǿ
һԪƽ̵ָӵӭսǿУԼҲϣһսһš
һԪƽ̾ŵɷΪǸߴ֮ʱȴҲ޷ռơ
һԪ⼸ŵɷߣǶǺӰչΧ֮ƣһԪڵۼһʹΪԿһӰ
ڹ㳡֮УѾ˶Ӱ˾նͷ­һԪڵҲʬ塣
һԪ˱Ԫ֮壬ʱѾ֮УʣµһԪŵӣȫԡѪս
߿ܣ
аʱδѡ̳֣һΪ½˻δ֣ԼؼǶԸ½ˡ
ôɿܲսںδأ
Щɻ󣬶һԪŵƽ̵£סţľ߿ܶԾʱ˿ơ
һԪڣҵȫһսһҪ֧ŵϵ
һԪƽ´ЩȴҲԲֻǷѪս
ľ߿ܻ˺ۣȻЩȴ˿ʹɷսţһԪһã˫սѽѷ֡
ڴ֮⣬䣬֮ɽд
һԪƽ˲ɫû뵽ԷԮֻټһ߿ܣһԪŵӱ޷ֵ
߿̤նУڹ㳡֮ϺһȻĳһԪڴС
Ī½˵Ĳ֮У
뵽Ҳ
ĿܣҷһԪڣƽҪ֪һԪڵ
һԪƽ̱ȵͻȻһԷⷨһʱԷǿնȥ
䣡
ѡԷɽӲһԪƽ̵ķȴǳ̲˴ѿ
ǿܲҽһҲɱըɣǿٴϮʱȴֻʣһ۰
ˣȻսսȻû½̫ࡣ
ۿ߿ȫм֮һԪƽ̵ǰȥ
бϷһս
һԪƽ߿ǰ
֮ǰһԪƽսȴûǰнһԪ˶ʱѹ
ܵһԪƽ̣֮ͬʱŭɽնһԪƽ̡
һԪƽҲŭһһ֮ԿܵĽ
ֻһУһԪƽ̱ѾѪαɡ
ƽ̣
һԪڵӹеĺ
û£Լ飡Բǽ֮С
һԪƽһٴγܣһΣһԪƽȴûѡӲƴסܡ
ԭһԪŵӿػסһԪڣǶһ۵ĿȴǸĹ֮£һԪǶӵоŵɷĸȴƣӦϵıܻˡ
ʽһԪԽΣеһԪڵӶƴսЩʧȥԪ֮һԪڵҲͬż޲ٴΪһԪڶս
ȥ
ȵЩˣԺȴ޷Ԥ½˵ټ
ԥǷóʱȴһҽУһԪƽ̵ؿھǿͱһ
һԪƽԽǱȴȻҪսʧȥ˶ܵǣƣһԪΣӡ
ƽ̣ˣԿܡ
һԪһųϳԭսһԪƽǰ
֣бƽ̶ԸȥЭϷأ
һԪƽŭȵʱ³һѪֻȥȴʮֵһԪƽ̵İΣ
һԪƽмʱǰܺȻأڴ֮󣬿Ʈɺ̣ȴһŻ׷ɺ̣̾ȻĲҽУǻʧ
һֱܣһԪƽ̿Ľе²μ
Щܾͽȥ
˵֮䣬ǵǰĶ߿ͻȻֱ쳣֮졣
ͣ
˦ȥŰɫ棬Ƕ߿ܱմȾֳẓ́ܵҲ˲䱻ڡ
ԭˣЩܼ㱻նɱͷ­ҲһźӦþ൱ǵԪ֮壬ǿƿжԭڡ
ܿԭڣǻڼսĿܻȫȻ֪ĵȻսš
ߣ
һһѾһܲɱźҲڡ
գۼ䣬ž߿ĻɽһԪŵӲͬʱĴˡ
ԭʵ֮ǿ󣡡
һԪƽмţһԪڵҲݵ
һǾž߿ܵʬѻһȻ԰ɫٻ֮
һУһᣬ˽֮УΪ˽¾ؽƣһ½ҪƳƣȴҲ¡


1526 
ڴ˵Ⱥ򣬲뿪Ҫ£һ
˵αʧԭء
ʱɽѲһȦȷûĵ˺ųһԪڡ
ʦôûϵأʦΪôɣΪγĽǾž߿ܣ½ȥ˺η
䣬ͻȻ뵽һõĿܣвɴ󾪡
ԼٶȽһԪںĵȴﰲ𣬲κ֡
ţһԪںĵʱʮ𼱣־ȡ
ͣһԪټȫ˺УһŷĲ١
һԪŵһԪڵδֻҲõľŵҲ޷ס½˵ĽǽתƵУȫһ㡣
أһԪŵȫתƺŷĽ롮졯ȥѰӵˡ
֮һԪкĵӣƺȫʧˣкð׺
һ漱ˣһǶԷĵɽ֮ʣԿһԪڣԼǰӪȣԷûϮһԪںĵӡ
һթ½ˣһԪڣɣ
ڿŭʱ޷κһһԪںĵӷϢ
ޱ޼ʵĿУѰ˵ѶϢǣʱϵԽãбԽǽϾЩȫԼںˣһ˱ԷɱԼҲں޲ѡ
Ԥ֮ңҵ½˵ĵַ
ԽԺԽǸоһƬհףǣֻòϵʼ
ԼĪʮϢڻָƽʱԺƺԼԼͼ
½˵ƺЩ֧飬ڲϵţҲȷλá
һǸŽƵԵʣұԸǷϢңԤͼôģ
а֪ʱҲûãѰҽ취
֮˸ôֻԤϤʱԤ֮Żᷢӵǿĵز
ǣΪżԺڤӣʱԺڳӵĻ档
յһУһԪ˶Կ½ˣʱΣȴǡǡ˵Ļ档
½˿Цһ˲ƶ˵ֵֻܽ
ʱ½͵ʹǿͻȻ֮ʵǣȫֿ֮ȴԷһɱ
һԪΣսһ̣ȫսҲͶһ
Цһһɽ˲ƶ
½˴󾪣Ҫܣȴоһ쳣ǿ
¡
춯صıը½ˣʱҲǹǿĳըķɳǧԶ
ʦ֣
˷ĺ

ɫɷףû뵽ʦڴʱ䣬ޱȡ
ʦҷģһΪ㱨ѩޣ
һȭУеɱ
ԣֻҵԤ⣬һᷢҲڷ飬ʱϵһԾʦ
ȻȻ
һ˲䣬ԺгĻ棬һԪ˵ػ֮УһԪѾ󷨣϶Կ½ˡ
ͻȻԺеĻٴθı䣬Ԫ֮徹Ȼ˲Աˣıը˲䣬ȻԼ֡

иŭֱݵϿջصţסգû֪˭ŭ
Ҳһ£ͬűɱζһжɱ˱ͬҪĲشۣģȱɱһԪڵЩˣһġ
ŵϿ
ȻѾʧһ׹ڿзٵĴУ֮󣬰׹Ѿͣһɽ֮ϡ
ţ½˵ȫ׷ԴѰ˴˵ء
˵ӵ˷һԪڵֱ߱ؾ֮أһֱ鼱δע˵ص״
ǲϸ̽飬һʮƽɽȣǣ˵رһԪ֮½ɽ׶˲˽ƣҲΪδ˵زױԭ
ಣ
͵ĳɽȷɽнޱȣҲ֪ˡ
졯ĹâʧΣĿ£ֱӲٿء졯͸ɽ֮µĽơ
ڽ֮к󣬺Ȼǰսڽ֮С
ϷֶԵУһԪѾ󷨣ʱ֧Ԯˡ
½ʹһڣȴǸĸоһԪٴС
һ룬һԪѾˣϷȴǾȣȥˡ
սûгãΪһԪʱԲȻѾ½˵ʵƺռƣӶˣʵҲ½˵ʵ֮¡
ʦʦΪ֮£ױԷܣ
аɴһԣ䡣
½˵ɫԽԽԭѸٵһԪЩĵӣһصĴµԼȴ޷״һԪ˵֮ơ
Ϸһʹһʹϵļ޷죬һԪ˵֧֣һԪڷռһơ
½ԽŭˣȻ͵˳սȵ̫ˣһȺսһʲôб£һһս


1527 
ԣϷȴһЦƺգЦʦսһһ֪һԪڵ
ѵǰԤǴģôܣ
ЩƣŵԤ֮ԼԼпԼʱԤҲ֮ı䡣
ͻȻ֮ЦһЦˣԭʦѾԼ١
ηҵģôҵأ
д󾪣ԼΪҪԶԶԼ߲ſԷ֣ѵ˵ӵΪҪԶԶԼ
ӣһСġ
ϷһȻƺһ˶Կ½ˡ
ʦҲ֪ʦʵʵһιƴʦʵ
Щӣˣֱһһ
½˵ΪҪԶԶǰɱ½ˣʱҲû뵽һԪڻ˵Լһһս
ಣ
γһԪм䣬׺̼ķ˹һԪڵĵӷ׷
ߣɱʦܵ
½
Ǳ
η˵Ƶ˶Էһۡ
ҪʬΡ
½ŭ
ɱϷͽܣǵȴϷ򡣡
η˵½ŭѣҲһԪôߡ
½ͻȻһɽź˵ɱ⣬׼ɣ
Ļ㣡
΢΢䣬ϵ龹ʮְ꣬û˿ĸ鲨
½ЦһеķɽѾնǿĽһԪҲһѺ
Сѣ
ӴһзɽӭԷĽ
䣡
ȶ½ȴɰ֮ң
ܣ
½˾һѪ
ԭأͬսһȻһԪ˷׷׻
ĿɿڴԼһαʦƭˣǰչֳԼ޼ʵҲʦʵı֡
ʦжǿһգ
Цһûһ˿һĵģʱԺֳһͼ
ܣ
鲻ԽĿ˵ʱ˷׷֪˵ʲôܡ
Ҳòܣǰɣ߲ӵǿΪ
½һξЩС
ߣ
һ˵ܣɱ½ˣ½˵ĲǶ¡
ʱͣЩڴԼεԤȷģ½˼Ϊһˡ
䡱
½˵ĺһǰǸɱ½ˡ
ķһö䡯󣬵ĴǣȻǰ֮أ׼һ¡
΢΢һЦȴһ˿ǵĹâֻâһš
ʱ½ٴηʱӵͻȻʧڿС
ǿ˲ƣ
鲻Խ˵һΣҲû̽鵽ӵ˲ƹ켣
½д󾪣ûüӦ䣬ȴԷӰٴγ֡
ʦʲô˼ô˲ƺԭʧأ
ɻʱȴѾѸٵĳǰնһһνûڿг˿
½ϵıͻȻˣиֳ֮⡣

½˲ҽһû뵽Լһ˲䱻ԷĽΪ飬Ԫ֮Ҳܵ˶Էش
һ֮䣬½˱㱻ɱ⻹ʹһö䡯£ȫɵˡ
Сӵ츳Сӣ
ϷӴ̾

һԪҲ׷ͬһð֡
СڸֵˣԪ֮ͽʰ
ӿЦ˵һСҲΪ֮һ㶡
½˵屻ɱϰټӿɢ䣬УвٷѾһ٣Ȼиķ
ಣ
˲ƶȴнɢķջء
ӵǰһȴǺܿ
ʦﻹжö䡯ʦսƷ
ЦŽ䡯ϡ
㻹ȥѵԪԱɣ
¡䡯ЦŴȤ
½лںޱȣ֪ԷԼӦʹȫġ䡯ҲڱԷ˲ɱˡ
ѹʦܻ֣֮Ⱥ̫ˣ
½оֵţȴһɽȽơ
ܲ˵ġ˽ѾϷ֮С
΢Ц˵
ǰԶǹԹȽϺá
ӿڵ½˵Ԫ֮Ϊֻš
ȻʦóʵҲ׾ˡ֪ȫʵǲʦһƴ֮
һ͵ڿչ屾塣
ϵα壬֮ȴǳֱۣһֱն콣ڵѾĿ屾ˡ
츳Ľ屾ǿ󣬶½૵ôܻĴڣ
ಣ
ڿʹȴǸһ˲Ƶĸо


1528 
ͻȻʧͻȻ֣ӷŵ˲ʧҲ֮ͬȴǲͣ˲ʧ˲Ƴ֣˲ƵĹ켣Ҳһ˿׽͸ġ
һɽɫ羹Ȼ֮Ϸ˲ɷԲϿգ˸Ľɫ磬Ϊˡ
½˵Ԫ֮ҲɵˣʱȻãȵعæڽӶݡ
˫һ׷һӣʼèϷĺϷһԪǳ屾ҫ֮С
ԼĪƬ̣û½˵Ԫ֮ŵıը½˵Ԫ֮һܣһģûʱš
ˣ֪᲻ỹҿڴأ
ٺһЦ͵һֱԼĪһɵľͻ棬ڿк󣬵Ϊ֡
˲ƣѧ֮
Ӵ˵
ǻͬʱڿչ˲ƣȻڿн½˵Ԫ֮֡
½̽һ󣬷Լ޷ֲĻΧ
ͣ
ſ޿͵һŻй½˵Ԫ֮С
޴αڿһ˲ָα壬ʱԼѾΪ˵Ľ㡣
񣬻СӸһ㡣
ϷԵ
˾ΪΪӸҲΪ
˵ԼĪռ֮ϣгɾ͸С
½һ£֮½˾ûгȫ
˷һԪں󣬲ü죬Ȼ˾Υʫˡ
һԪڵ鼰ݣˣֻҪҵˣ϶ܺܿ鵽ѶϢ
ΥʱҪΪ˽ӷϴȻһɡ
ʮԤȵϢȴԼηȴ޷ҵȵ˿Ϣ
Ԥ֮ʱУھ´УȴûκһܹṩĿǰϢ
ô飬ֻܲ鵽һǰȳֹļ¼֮Ӿʧһ㡣
ȣûϢҲ֪㻹ţţһټ֮ա
ɫȭ˵
һԪڣɽ֮ϣһ˾һ͵ɽʯ֮ϣ·ͱڣ¹͵ɽ
ʱһԪڵĴ󲿷ֶȴЩĲɣ·ţʵѾȵǿǧ򱶲ֹ
ʱȻھݣȻûɽ磬ΪЩ½˵жɽҲʧȥĺøС
ڳΪ֮ʱֻ뽫ԼΪߵ۷壬лΪʱʵ׷ﵽһĵز
ɵ²࣬Ȼÿһÿһʱÿһÿһ룬׷ʵĽ
Եɺ£ѧˡˣԶУڼʱ޿̲
УΪȥ֪ټѵսҲ겻ѡ
貵ǿգ˷ˣʱиӿֳһǿҵԸ
ɽʲôģҲɽô֮ҵĿı䡣·֮·ңҪԼŬվ߷塣
գ˵
֪ʱ¹ͻȻסˣǳҲڴʱʧȥɫʡ
һˣЩʲôأ
΢ЦŻֱŷĴڣвɸΪӵΪ
ʦΪǱͽҪǿˣͽпһֱԴʦΪĿģֻһ컹кܾòŻᵽ
Ц
ӵĲƺʵܿ죬Ѿǰ
츳Ϊ֮ΪݵһˡΪʦΪ츳ѣȴǲ֮Զӣ
ǫ˵
ôʦ̫ǫˡʦһ˵½ʱұ֪ʦʵ֮ϡȻʦһɱ½ʱҲһʦʦ׼һֱƭҶأΪͽʱҲƭңƭңΪ˼𣿡
ɬЦ
ʦƭ㣬Ȼƭɡʦһʼ㣬ʦµһڵ˿ߣУܿԽ࣬Խáʦƭ㣬˺ܶͷƾһ֮γһֱɱݣⱾѾһṦΰʦҲȲ㡣
ȻʦڵΪҲαʱǿһ㣬أʹαʱʦҲĶ֡϶ԣ츳ҪԶԶʦɣߣʦڵΪԶǷԺֻʦţһëϲϡ
һǰ;ʱʦ׼أУһԪЩӣҲɽ磬ʱҲӦҡ
ӻ˵ø̸ȴһӶûУͻһ֪ĺ˵
ʦΪǿӣǷɽ磬ʦΪҲԶԶӡԣպɽ˻£ϣʦأ
Ц˵һ龹Ȼ˲١
ҡͷʵ㵣ķɽ֮𣿡
һȴҡͷʲôãʱ򣬸ôôɽ磬һң˭Ҫңһɱɱ˭


1529 
ã̫ĳˣһɽ磬ʵδɣ׷ɱأ
ʵ
ˣûСھݣҵ˻𣿵ɽ磬һ룬κεطǿʳĹǱ׷ɱǾŬԼʵȻ󽫵˴ܡ˵ҲôɣҿǾԼһܺõġ
ǺЦ
ֻҪȹħսΣʱǶԷɽ硣
Ц
ʦħսҪһԪڣɳɽǿߣǲĻᶼûУ
ʱһ˿ǡ
ɽΪһ½ɳ֣ģ½ʵƵģǻֱӻ˾ݣֺα½أ
ӿ϶˵
ˣ׼һȺɽڻһܣԻħսʵȴģ
аȵЦ
ҲһɽӣһµˣʵҲ̫ġ
ӺٺЦ
һ̸ֱ۵֮һԪڵӴϢһΣɽʹѾ·ħʹҲѾ·
Ҫ磬ȴûʹ·һϢҲΪ⣬ѵΪ˱ȫ磬Ӷɽħ磿
ú½ϢԭһΣɽ羹ħ֣һͬɽ硣
ϢԻ󲻽⣬νħսôأ
ɽħʹֶԸݣѵֻһϷ
һԪڣһĬţֻΪϢ̫ˣټݣΪǿȴ߶ǣΪɽħȴһԪڲţ
ʲô
ӳʵ
볹һԪڡ
ֱԵ
˴󾪣һʮֲ⣬ħսһͳһȴǱʽħʹһԪڡ
ҪһԪڣΪβֱɽʹһԪڣȴִŪʲôħսأ
ʵ
ǵϷǲ鷳εɱ¾ҲһϷ˵ˣǸûߵһ£뿹κιϵ
ҲɿЦԼǡһԪڵ·ԼҲܲ
һ֮󣬲õϢٴδҲʹߣһΣҲݵս
ʹ֣ʹʵ˵֪ҪɽŸַʣȴǺѶϢ
ԼѾԤ⵽ɽ緢˴£һԪɽҲʧȥˣӾݵһԪڱأ
Ϣϴʹ߷ֱ·ѾʼھݶԱһԪھݸصϢҲϴȻȴûһϢ
ݳ֮е򣬶½ʹߵĹУһºʹ߽ݡ
һԪݶħ֮ս׼ȫԿݵĽȴԵ̫ˣΪħ磬ʵȴǾԲɽӪС
ңƶϢɢҥݶٳ֮ݣҪݡ
죬ݵϿսߣЩ˷׷ҪݣһԪһʱ֮Ҳֻܿɽ֮һء
֮ؽʧأӣߣӺӵ֮ء
һԪ֮У󲿷ֺĵӶѾִнʣʮˣƻڲϵĶС
ɽѾΧЩһһԪҲֳ˴Ķɣݵ߶֪ħս֪ݽᱻݵ߹ǣͻڵһ㡣
ӿЦû뵽ѾԶԶԼԤ֮⡣
벢ԼİΣԼһˣʲôǿˣԼùʹ򣬴򲻹ܣܼ򵥵顣
һԪݣټһҪڴ˿ˣԺͺھ㡣
һΣʹߣЩʹֺٸݵߣһͬԿݡ
ıعƣݵߣ൱ҪԸʮ֮С
Ȼʮһɲģ˾ǿһݣ˸ݵֽҲԲܱ׹ơ
ħ磬ݱЩУҪԸڼĵˡ
ֻǱϵģʵϣʹߣЩ˲ħսص㡣
ǰرϢ繲ɳԼĪʮʹߣҲħʮˣʮ˷ɽ磬ǣɽ֮ܵ
ЩʹҲˣԾ߶սʹ򲻻̳֡
һèϷϷЩʹߣǳŵ֣ڿ֪֡ɽ´ǱҲ鵽һĲ
͵һȭʯʯһǵʱ㻯Ϊһʯۡ
Сӣ磬˳룬ϷϷ޷ɽ磬ǻ֮һ
Ϸɫ˵
ɣʦ岻ߣҲߣߡ
ն˵
СӣҲʦĻ
ϷҲˣ
ʦԵأ£û


1530 
ֳļ֣ϷҲЩ
һԪ˷׷׷ûһԸڴʱһԪڣ򾲾˵ۡ
뿪ʱһҲ޷뿪
а룬ʹ½磬һϷҲãһҲգǶԲһԪڵĺĵߡ
Ҷִ£˵ɣ
Ϸӿ˵
ã
ӵͷ
˵Ҫ˵һԪˣһҲ뿪ҪһҪһ
˵ȴȫһ㶡
ˡǶˣ˭Ǳ𣿰ɽһԪǰǣֻҲ֣֮һ취ǡ
ӻ˵˵ͷǼ˵һΣһԪ֮ʱϷһԪڸ㲻ⳡѣƴȫȴζԿݵʹߵȻˣǻ籣һܹһһԪڵߣϷϷҲĸԸġ
СӣȻҲ˵ǾͰϷ˵ȫ뿪һԪϷһػӣʱϷԪԱҲҪһ
ϷӼ˵
ʦ壬˵ģôأ
Ƶ˵
ģģһ˶߲ˣϷܿһԪڰװ׵ı֪θİɣΪ󣬲ˣǲˣγأ
ϷӲ˵
ߣӣ
ͻȻĺʵ
ݣȻȽǵСסȻЩʹ뿪ˣٻָһԪڣ
Ϸӵ˴𰸡
ʦ̫ˣʹͬʱ½磬ǻ᲻֪ǿһҲҲûӵıҪˣΪǱͲںȻģôӣҲӲǵơ
һһٵĽ͵ϷȴȥӵЩˡ
ǲӣѵҪ߿սʹ߿ս
ʵ
ǵģ
̵Ļش
ǣܿƵĵ򲻵֮һ֮ϵߣڶ̶̼֮֮һգʱǸ޷ݵ߽
ӿЦ
һ¶Ц⣺ʦģһҲӲˣǲ뿪ݵģ򣬵ʱսûô׳ˡ
ɻһֻǵͷ˵㻹ʲô߼
Թˮڣǽߵʵƴơҵ뷨ǣƾߵʵ֮սһԪںĵ׼ӭսʮʹߡ
ƽ˵
СӣϷĻҪ棬ûһԪڣɵԶԸߵΧⷽȡȡ
Ϸɵ
ʦģа취ʱǲ󷨣ݵ㹻ֵݵ߽ĿǰЩ½ʹߣ֪ǵʵΣǶ뵺Щ½˵ʵ޼Ǳ£٣ɱ١
š
ʹ߲޽߾ڣˣǶǵʵҲ޴̽飬Щ̽ӷϢҲȫš˵˭ȥϽˡ
˵
һͦ鷳ģõа֡ǵţðæ⣬棬Щͼ򵥶ˡ
뵽Ϲپ裬ǻۣʺƶսˣԼһЩϸ
ಣ
׹һһαһԪڻС
˿һȴһװЩŮӳǰ
ϹپҲǱһܣȴһҲʶ
˭
ϹپʵͻȻϹپ跢ϲҲ˵Χۡ
磬Һ㣡
ϹپŮ鳤ıһԪЩⶼʲôʱˣȴ̸˵
Ҳѽ
˵ĻӵıȥϷҲЩˣ˵
˭
Ϲپʵ
Ұܡ
ЦΪϹپܣÿһϹپ㹧ʩΪôãϹپѾһĵˡ
ϹپĹһԪӵ̽ϹپΪ󣬵Щ˵
ԪӤڣ
˵
ǰɣԪӤڣСӣôʵָӣⲻǺܿЦ𣿡
ϷӴɵɲܶԷ˭ɵľɡ
ۣٶͦģҵʱҪǿˡ
Цų޵һԪѡ˼ĳĬ
ǺǣҪ磬ڻأ
Ϲپ¶ɬЦ⣬лΪϲõġ
ʦ뾪˵˵Ŀǰʽһе£ʧһ¡
ٺһЦϹپͷȻ˺С
𣿡
аţȴֲ˼ֱɶԷҵѡӸҪˡ
Ϲپ裬ˣҽľһ顣


1531 
Ȼ㽫ĿǰĴ渵һȻķһʱʱ䡣
Ϲپ˽ȥвɴ󾪣Ϊ֮սԼָʧҲһԪȫ
Ϲپ裬ȻǰƼ㣬ϷŲɣֻǣϣ㲻ҪһԪ˶Ρ
ƺҲϹپԥǲ˵
ǰԵΣҪǰʧˡ
Ϲپ豧ȭ˵ΪԾߵĲ˽⣬ֲͨˣɵָӡ
ԣжϹپ赹кøУ٣Ƕǫġ
СӸʲôôһŮսأ⻹Ϸָӵˡ
ϷϹپ˵ҲƲֻǵֻԪӤΪʱﻹ
һԪӤڵǻݵߣ⴫ȥֻ»ᱻЦ
ʦ棬ƼģԲдǾԼָӲҪǿϹپ裬ǿԱһ
ӵЩá
Ⱦͱȣ
ϷԽϹپָӡ
Ӻܾø˰˫ֽϵĴʼΪأȻչɳ
ʼϷʮӽǸ㲻ʲôս˶ֱӷ
ȴϹپ費Ųæʼ壬ԸָɣϷӸŪĴηġ
Ǳ飬ϹپʹֶһԪ˴۽磬Ƭ̵ĹϹپѾú˶ϷӾӵ飬ϸÿһӡ
ϷӣҲϹپľӣɳʮڶԷ鲿ӺȴȫأϢаٵϢϷҲЩӶԷˡ
˵ĶļţһԪȴǿķ˸һϵģͬľӣϷӱذɡ
Ϸӵʮľӣȴһõָӹ٣ڹ֮ǰϷӵľӱ㱻͵Ϯ˶ɣݺϷӵľٴɡ
ȵϷָӾӹ֮󣬾ѾռˣϹپľĲ£һԪʱϷӷԼĲӾȻһҲʣˣԷľٻʣҡ
Ʒ
ǰһǵһαս𾪣ֻһб֪Ϲپ
Ϸķڷ˽ԷĲֺѾûݶԷˡ
λãϷسǣǡ
ϷѾϹپղŵսȻģǱģسս
ϹپŵһЦԼָʮľӹǣֱСһ
ȻϹپ蹥³ǳʱûжʧϷѾʧɾӡ
ϹپʾһԪʱϷӻʣɾӣϹپɾӶûʧ
ɳ֮ϣһԪڱɹˣϷӱϹپ蹧Ĺ֣Ϲپ裬ȻǸϷ򷽲Ŷе֮
ǰˣ
Ϲپ΢΢Ц
˵һԪڶϹپ޲Ҫ֪󣬶ǿָӹȴʮ
Ϲپ裬׼ɣһεسǴսָӾӭս
Ȼ
ǰʵָӾɳɲһҵ޷׵Ĺ᳹ңʱ˫ӵʵ˽⣬ԣҲʺǻδս
Ϲپƴǵ
ٲϷȥɱСӡ
ϷӼˣȻȡֶֿΡ
һԷҪɱϹپҲˣȻæͷӦ
Ӧ˾ͺãСϷͽϷɱأ
ϷӿЦ
ʦ壬ҪһʵһԪڵҪɱѵ𣿡
ӿЦ˵һǾ仰ϷЦˡ
ಣ
âһѾǰ
˭ղ˵Ҫɱأ
Цʵ
ûе£ûе飡
ϷӺٺЦ
ϹپҲû뵽һԪڵĵλ֮ߣԭǸǰǹԼġ
ȻϹپ֪ԼһģΪҪģΪ飬Ϲپںκ飬ԣϹپ跽ŲŻӦ
ô
ʵ
ѾӦˡҪָսҪָӲҪټѵУҪ֪֮䣬ʵľࡣ
ϹپҪ
ģһлᰴҪڣ㻹һʱ׼
΢Ц˵
ʱ洫ϢݳѾʹɱƣЩͼ뿪ݵ߷׷ױȷء
ͬʱΪһƺ֮УһҲ˸ǿϾԼĪ֮ߣսҲȥ
Ϲپ裬лսھݴչȭš
ʱţһ֮ںܿ쵽ʹͬʱٱݣһԪΪģϹپΪָӡ
սȫ汬һѾѵһ֧ӣӻֻǳΣȴҪԶԶǿʹʱƴߴ
һԪںĵȫһԪڣָӲҲһԪڣϹپһָӲһԪһǿ˾Ϲپսָӡ


1532 
ʹƴյľӻһϷħߴȽݣϹپָ£ߴħӡ
˫ѪսһۣСʧشħ
ݵߴħ٣۸֣ߵĸҲԶԶħˣӵϹپһָӹٺݴʤҲϡ
ߴҲ˽һΣչֵսΪǿԶʱ֮С
ħߴߴ裬ⷴΪߴ̸۵Ц
ֻϹپָ£ߴҲûֵˣȻʮ֮ڶûܹһࡣ
һԪںĵһֱæµָӣʱԱչ
֮ʹͬʱ·ɽ磬һΣϹپҲòһΪķˣһĴսݾչ
ݱ߾սһֱҹţƾʹݱ߳ȴǾù¡
ħս˳־սȴǹߵʿû뵽ƾһ֮ԶԿʹϾľӡ
һµҲڷϷҲĵĽһսϹپ裬ǸоЩС
սʱȴһԪдսʹֻ֪»ᱻѪ
һսϷӺƵ˳֮ĻսΪǶ˵Ĺ̫ϬϷҲЩġ
αӴսһ󣬾Ȼٴսƽ֣ȴ㹻ˣΪα£ʵٶԶԶĳӵԤơ
ֻ²úǱҪԸ½ʹߣʱҲ֪ҵȵʵǷֻƥС
֮̾ɫ
Сӣڵʲôãʹˣʱһˣ
ϷЦ
ϷϵЦ⣬пЦһΣνĴƽֻǱϵ顣ʵϣʹ߲ǹؼǵĿӦһԪڣֻһԪںѶδ١
ȻӲԷһսֻսܣһԪڵҲдӵǵġ
ʦ壬ںܶǰԤУλһԪڵĴ٣ǰֻԼϵȴ֪ǵʹߡ˽޷ȹһԪΣӣ
ӿЦ
ϷҲ˳ĬУΪӵԤ׼ȷһΣ׽Σʵں˵
ʦõģսˣǾط
԰ο
ǰһƺȫϣϣʹʵǿִһԪڣ˵Ǹõӱأ
ҲһĲǶ֣ǴҿԶҵġ䡯жܡ
ɫ˵
䡯ĪΪʦģ
Ӿȵʵ
ǣ
ͷ˵
ǸָΪʦΪֻһͨѵܽΪʦװ治ɣ
Ϊŵ˵
Ա֪
ЦȻȻץסӵӣ֮ӿֳǿҵİâ
Ӿȵû뵽ַ
ռҲҪڵ߶ռ⼸ǲܵ顣
ھݣû˷ԣӲЩɡ
ϵĹâԽԽǿǿҪһ㣬Ҳ׷ſƾǹԼ֡
һǿľ

ʹȫľȴҲ޷Ӷǡ䡯֮С
䣡
һͻ͵ĽɳȥҲһҲʱϵİ׹ͻȻʧ
ۣ
صײһʯ䣬ʯҲײ촷ۣȴǸоѣΣ̲סһڽɫѪҺ
ϷĿɿڴһУ֪ôͻȻˡ
ʶɣвͨ
ҡͷ
ǿѹڵѪ㾭ʮϢǿվȴٴһѪ
ǿķɣҵʶȻʦ֮¡
ЦҲҡҡͷ
ʦ棬һ£ǷԽݽȥ
Ϸ˵
Сӣ˲ᣬ˰ɣϷû׼뿪һԪڣһԪϷҪսһԪڹ
ϷӾܾ
㲻Υ
Ȼ˵ϷΪ֮һ㶣ֻƾʩΪ
ǰ׹ӿ֣һΣ׹ȷŻҪǿҡ

Ӵ󾪣ΪϷӵľܱԼĻҪǿΪ¿ɱԼҪꡣ
ҧһᣬҪʱȴѾЩ̫ˡ
ǹǿҵϷӷֿʱֱӵڵϣþõ޷վ
СӣǺαأⷽвͨģ취ɣ
ϷЩͬĶ˵
ಣ
ֱ˲ƶϧΪˣϷЦһҲΪ˵Ĺ̡
ֻƬ̣о״Ҫ࣬ٲѪǿҵѣθҲƺʧˡ
ҲЩˣ취вͨʱһԪڿɾû˺·


1533 
Ц
ӵıΪϾˣȴͷ˵ʹ߲вǵʵжǿδ֪ܵ磬ȥ̽һҪ̽ǵʵ
УЩʹ߿ɲһˣʦȥǶԶԸʮ˻ʮˣҲʦðա
Ե
Ϸǰȥ
Ϸ˵꣬һȻѾ˰ɽ
Υ
ĺȵ
ϷӺ˲ƶأʱ򣬻治ΥֻΪ
һԪڣ̽ʹʵͽˣȥ̽һǵʵôҾֱǡǵʵǿұȡӻȻͬ֡
Ȼ
˵ͬʱڷԣȻѾ飬ƾ˷ҲЧҪǣһԪڵһϷҲòӡ
ǣϷأһ뿪һԪڡ
ϿգǷеߣֻΪδսݣȫֵûл·
з֮ʱҡһ䣬ѾΪһͨߣһۣǺ۵ĿʽѾı䡣
ѡڵķʹ֮УӦʹߵʵǿ
ˣԸѡǿһԴ̽ǵʵ
ò˶ãѾ˱߽ս߽սڼᣬǰսʱдս
УȻ㳯սУΧĺ죬ҲԵ뼸߶һûע⣬ҡ仯ߵģ֮㳷ߴ֮С
ټսҲû˻ע⵽ϸԣǺɵĻ߾֮С
֮Уаƶ䣬ǰ֮УȴӰ˸ѾʹС
˫ͬʱձ⵹΢΢Щȣû뵽֮սͨ˵սҲƵĵط
˳֮ʱͻȻһϺȣмϸ룬ɱ
ಣ
һӰ뷵ߴ֮У˲֮ʱѾһâ
ҽУ߾ȻѾɱ֮ʹԸԪķߵԪ֮Ҳûѡ
նɱϸ
˺ȵ
û뵽Լһͬװ˵УȻʮϽǼϸһѾɳרЩϸҲұ֤Լûб֡
һΪΪǿߣʱķߣͻȻͬʱͷɫսʹ󷨽ǿУű֮С
ߴУרŸսΪðһģһҲģµΩΩФȴһָԼǸҲǼϸɱ
߳ƽʮû뵽Լ˿㱩¶ˣԼ뷨һҲ
ǶʹɽɱʱЦһһ˲ɱ
ϸ
˺Щ߷·סϵ˳ӿ
ʱһֲ⣬ԼͷϷʮԼ
Щ˵棬һǿķܣЩ˾ȻͬʱԼһ˷
ַĹҲ̷ˣΪЩд޵е״̬ȴҲ뱻ʮһ
֮ʱŷֿ˲ʮÿ󶼲ʮ߾ӡ
ٵܣʮĽȴһֱ׷ԼٶȾȻԼķٶȡ
ǿĽ
аڿм˲ƣȻǽȻδɢһֱڿ׷
֮̾ʱʮҲͬʱһԣκεð߻ߣδֹ˿ʮͬʱһĹ
˵Ϊ
Ʋ֮ϣһЦ
ǵģʵҲߵĶˮ׼
һҲ϶˵
֮ʱȴʩչˡſǵ
ֻҪǽδɢΣձ㻹ûн
ಣ
ʹʱλڿ˲ƣȻչֻһ˲ơ

Ʋ֮ϣǿаЦ´
ʮٴηһǣбж׷
׳۵Ļֱ˫ע⣬ʱŷһͬڿ˴ߣ࣬̾
˵ԼսϹپ跢ģһģһʵֻ֤޶ȵķӳ˫ǿʵ
׷٣ޱȣԼ̽ʹʵģɲƴġ
ʩչÿÿǶҲƲ֮еʹ߷׷𾪡
ʹߵҪһﵽж
еʹٴǣٴη
ѾﵽԼļ޷ٶȣҪȫĶĽѶ֮Ҳû̫İա
˼ȫԽɱˡ
ӹЦ´ƺֻһϷ
һʱ䣬ʮܱߵĿȫգЩĹ켣Ҳһû뵽ЩʵȻ˵ǿ


1534 

ŭĺȴԼѾ·ӡ
ɱ
Σͷұʵһ˲佫Ϊǿеķɽ͵ĳʮӭȥ
һ˲Ĺٹʮϣͬݰڿзת
СӾȻӲƴˡ
һŮӹЦ
δػתԴжϳܵĽ
ӵɴ۾˵
ɣҵ½ʹߣĽҲԵֵһߣԵֵ𣿡
˲ŵ˵
¡
ʮͬʱֱͬһֲ
ֲıը֮󣬾߾֮ķҲʼҵ
תͣº󣬻¾ȻûһĵطսҲ˺ۡ
һɾҵʹзŭޱȣڷһӲƴУѾˣһΣˣԪ֮ҲԷĽˡ
Ȼûʦʵ˸߼
ŮӾ
СӺǿ󣬵ʵֻ²֮£֮ˣ
һ˿ϧһдۣɱ
ɱ
ͬʱһ𣬵Ǿأ񡣡
ϡͿı㱻һʹҲѾջˡ
ǱҵģǾ͹ֲˡ
ŭ߾Ҳ
ϣͣ˼
ЦֳϷ֮⡣
ಣ
˲ˣһ˲ֱ֮ӵһ֮ǰ
ɫĽƳգһѡΪǿķɽʮ˹ͬӳֵķ֡
¡
һ촫ǿǿķ־Ȼҵһ𣬲ѾһѪΪͼߣȻιȥ
Ȼһ֮徹Ȼͬߵķһ㱻ɡ
ۣ
Ѫһļŭ
ɫѪҺСѵߣ
һ㶣
ϸѾй¶ˣЩߵľҲ̫ˡѵΪƲǵķô
ĶϷ߾š

ӿɶոûʲôȤΪھݱӵʵƽƣΪᳬԼ
졣
аһɫĹâѾڡ졯֮УΪⷨѾȫƿأԣ䣬ı任ɫ
һΣҪЩߣЩʹ߻ʲô
ЦЩ߾ӷ֮ǰѾһٴγһ߾ӳȥ
ಣ
磬һԵĳ˷֮Уʮߴסˣû뵽˿ɵĳ
Ȼ˷֣
ŮӴ󾪡
ʹ߷׷ױɫǿվ૵ܣⲻܣֻһδļһΣҲþ߱ʵ
˱˳ĬΪʵǰۿѾʮħ߾֮С
ɱ
ŭһͬȺЩ뵽˳˽󲿷˷ͷŽĹС
٣ŭˣеķɽѾĴſֲİɫ棬ηɹʱǰɫҲͬһٶոߵ
ԷյĿռУǿκһˣ֣ȴǺѹα壬ΪһٶȷС
ҽһŭ֮£ǷɱԪ֮ҲŹ
ͺñһȦͻȻһͷ׶ǣЩֻܷĲҽУֻȴϵĸ˺ҧţʳȺ
ʮʹΪݹ涨Լʮʱֱݵ߶֡
ĴʱҲ޷ˣʮ߲ҽȴǸ޷ı䴦
ʩչԪԱȻʵ̫ܼˣ˷ԪԱҲӦļΪ˽ڷǱըȻСࡣ
ɱ
ĺţеķɽϵĲʳŶԷڵУҲﵽ״̬
Ȼɡ
ʹ߾
ǰһһһɣǼɣ츳Ҳ̫̬ˡ
˾̾
Сӵ츳ʵͬСƣѵСһԪڵĵӣ
ƺ뵽ʲôȴǾСӲһԪڵĵӡ
һԪڣҲļһɣ
Ůʹ̾
ȷʵһԪڵߣαɡͷѾˣһԪڣɷŹκһˡ
˵
ⲻ֪⻰ѾУԽŭû뵽ʹǷһԪڡ
ǵҶһԪڲҾɱЩһ
ѾµˣԼʵЩʹߣֻȥԶ
ԣðգ˷ɱ¾߾ӣһǽǵвǷǵԪ֮壬ԴԼΪ
аϵߣҲζѾɱˣԲչ˷ɱ¾ɡ
ʮʹ߾Ĺ·սߵǿƹ£ʮɵ߾ӾȻ޻֮ĽҲʮʹʮ


1535 
ҲѾ߶ʮһˣеķɽϵķǿ׵ĽǿֲİɫҲӵһ¡
ɱ¾Ҳ̼˷еߣ޷ȴҲҪΪս
ҲƴȫսֳܿŶӽս˼伫ھ֮ʱʹԪԱ
չֻһˣʹȫʵȴҲ޷ȫʮƿأˣȻϵԪ֮ռԱ
ɱ
ռкɱ춯أҲ˵ĺɱз
һʼǱֳȺ̬ƣħߴҲûӵоŵɵߣˣЩΪսʱ˫սҲ͸Ϊ
˫ս˷񣬾ʮʹߵɫЩݣΪսȫԳ֮Ϊҡ
ʹĬĬս߾Ҳûӵսˣʮߵսһֱȥ
߾Ӹ·ӣֻһս˵Ļս֮УҲƼֳ
ϵ˶УߵƱֻ˺սһÿһٵĹҲ൱ޡ
ΪߴУܹԽ˵Ĺʮޡ
ߴһƴսʮ֮ңȴٶȡ
սУĵԶԶһߵҪڲԪ֮£ʧԶԶСյ
ߵĲУʱҲţʱ֮ʮʣ֮˱ѾָȻǿ˹
һ˲ƹҲѾɱʱ˿̣һᣬ˫֮еɱҪۿ
ʮߴɱ¾ɢһԪ֮Ҳûʣ£µĵط
ǰ˫սЩʧȥԪ֮߻϶˳սȻʮߵԪ֮屻ɺߴһγɵԿֲ
ߴѾʼĻߴһʮʹҲĬˡ
ڿյķУֵҲʧ
ԭѰһսʹߵģȴСߵɱ¾Уڡ
ǶʱܵԼջľ޴ôķɺԼڵǿҲζ츳ķ
ԲһͻȻԼһɷȻʮҵʵˣҲЩ죬û뵽ķɣԼʵѸ١
ˣߴȫɣҵʵٻһϡ
аѾ߾ӡ
ɱ
ͻȻе߷׷¶ֵɫΪ˭֪Էʵ̫ǿˣʮȫս˵ʿ
ʦ֣²ðɣɣʮߵԪ֮壬ԽԽǿ󡣡
һ˷Ե
޷ȥɱ¾Ѱ·ҪΪɵԪ֮ԽԽãһɣǱɡ
ЦΧ˶ʱˣԭΪɶԪɡ
ԣаЦԷֱ̫СԼˣɱ¾Ԫ֮࣬󲿷Ԫ֮ѾԼУԼûôɵһʮߵԪ֮塣
һʮԪ֮壬Ҳ£ΪΪĲǣҲڲǡ
ɱ
ʣʮͬʱһ˲䣬Ľ
ĹԲֱȥУһѾ˷֮С
ʦ֣ɿ
һʹʵ
ֻǷѣĹܺǿñȡǾ͸ˡ
ֳ̰֮ɫ
ȻˣǾ;Բ߾սʱҲȥһɣ
ʹ˵

ӵͷƺԽȤˡ
ಣ
Ԧ죬ûЩӵķֵһ£ܿһߴ֮С
ߴͬʱɵۣΣߴֻսǱߴԸΪֲɱ¾
һεɱ¾ٶȱȷҪʮֹιΧ㵹һƬ֮Ķͨ潣С
Ի潣Ϊý飬ȻǿľЩߵԪ֮䣬Ҳɱ¾ȥࡣ
ʮ߾ӣһСʱûֵסѾɱ¾һգټķУֻʣĲʬ壬ߴѾ춯ˡ
ʮߴȫһ֣֮ߴʿѾ䵽˹ȵףʹҲ𾪲ѡ
ɻΪǿ󣬾ȻûԪɵķЧ
ѾԵ˴Ԫ֮ĺôзڴʱԾԾԡ
ߴȻһЦʱЩߴ־ڴʱ
ӣ
֪˭һ֣ţе߶ʼĺš
һ˲ڣߴǷгһѾȫʧء
ʹߴˣã¶·ʧȥˡ


1536 
һ߾ֵ˵
ܿ죬Ʋ֮е߾Ҳ׷ʹġ
߲һеĳʱķˣٶ֮죬ԶԶʹߵԤ⡣
ߣɱ⣡
Ȼ
ߣɱۣ
ʮʹ߼ͬʱЩǿҲԸԵľ
ǣѾɱ¾ŵˣʱƾʹв˽Բһеӡ
նɱӱ
Ӻ
ʵǿ߿ʼںչɱ¾Щ߷׷ײ
ߴѾ˽ƣҪܣܵǿߵĽɱ
ߣɱۣ
ͬʱܵǷ׷һ㶣һЦЩܵ߾ͻ羪֮񣬸Ͳںǰء
ƴˣһҪӳȥ
֪˭һ߻ѣһȻǰɱȥǰصǿЩӴߴһǰ
ʼǿ߻ڽߵķɱУֵܵס
׷ɱ
ָͻȻʮɵĴ͵ɱϣЩսߴֱҪˡ
ǰǿֵܹߵϳܿ죬Щ˱㱻ߴɢˡ
߾ҲӣѾ㹻߾ӷˣΪĴڡ
ʱʮʹҲȷ˶ǰ߾ӵƿأΪʱ̣һѾ̫ҡ
ߴƺĳݱ߾֮㿪ʼɢֱе߶ʧյľͷ
ˣƲ֮еʮʹߣʮδлߡ
һѾʼˣϹپָ£Ĵ󲿷߾Ӻܿ콫ϸطΪߴĽѾʵ
ʹһΣʹһӿǵˣʹߵԼʮʹߺ޲˺
һιһҲ̫סˣȻӡ
̾ȴһֱ
սһʹߣԴ̽ԷΪʱȴֶԷʮ˾һ𣬾ԼҪսǱͬʱսʮˡ
Сӣʲô֣
Ӷʵ
ϡ
ĻشҲȷʱ׸ֱǰսʱˡ
һϣ㣬磬뱾һԵ㣬Σ
΢Ц
ߣˣݹһ
Ļش
Ϊαȴأ
˵аû뵽ԷȻԼǵߡ
ٺ٣ңҲʹķɣһ˵أ֪᲻š
ɲԼߣǱԷǿҲЩŭ
СӣǾƲԳԷƣˣͱֱˡ
Ц
ߣΪ˲Уûʲô˲𣬲ʹߵѹңҿɲһס
ʱѾƶԷҲüʶһ¶Էʵ
˼Сӣ㵹ǹţΪЩ߱ڱǰˣˣ
ӵЦ˺ܺЦһ
Цǲ򵥰
һѾƲ֮С
ɫΪ֮һ䣬ƺܲⷬ䡣
СӣȻǱͳȫ㡣
ȻһˣСʦãȥɱסԪ֮塣

ȹŮЦŵͷȻ
ֻ¶֣ʲô¡бµĻһս
˻ȹŮһۣжһս̫ȤʱԼǰսȻҪսǿһˣֻܹʹߵʵ
һߣҲ뱾֣ǱЦЦ
ӱĵ
쵰㵨ƲҪʬΡ
ǻȹŮŭ
ѹһɽħ糰ЦԭӭսûУǴȥħʹֻ»Ц
⼤ǿӵ

ȹŮҲ಻סһն
ߣ
һͻȻɫ䣬ԭԷһȻǿ
֮䣬͵նһһαԷӲӲҲ˽ʹߵжô
Ԫ֮塣
üͷ΢΢
һ
ͬߵķݰɵȥڶԷһ֮£ؿڳһѪǽսҲ޷ֵԷĽֹ֮ǽսףǿʱҲ˲䱻Է
Էһƴ֮£Ȼڳǽ֮ϣȻݺݵ档
ֻһѾˣú󷽵һ󾪡
һ㱻ɱˣû˼
ȹŮʼ磬ޱȵ˵


1537 
ҲˣԼһ˼Լķչᱣһľ磬ʱڶԷһ֮£սױɹᴩҲԷһζŶԷռžԵĽơ
ʹߵΪȻǵ½ǿЩ˾ʹš䡯Ҳûôǿʵ
ипԼŶսĻǸǿߣֻʮ֮һСʦá
ʦãҲ̫ˣһ±չֳʵ˺ܶȤġ㣬ͻúõϷˣһʹߵ
Цһʹ߶ֻ·
ʮӲˣû뵽½ʹӵǿʵ
һбѾ˲ᣬҶԪ֮ܿ˶Էķɽֻ»ˡ
ǳ֮ٵ޸ƣ츳֮ҲѸٵ޸ߡ
ιСӣѾһɱˣԪ֮廹иʲôѽԪ֮뱾һս
ȹŮһЦ
ףСӱʦõķɽᴩ壬ȴǻûɱЩˡ
Ӿɵ
ôܣʦ֪ģʦõġ衯ֻᴩ壬γɱôأ
ȹŮӸǲţӲҪɳۿʵȴ廹Ĳ
ԷһϯЩˣѹڱԷһ̴ڵΪ֮һͣڵĻҲѸٵĻ˿ΧԭǻԶ
ǿĵˣȫ֮⣬ԭΪԼΪѾˣȴǲһʵһϵȴ֤ʹߵǿʵ
һ˱һԪοԵֵʮ½ʹߵĽ
пЦ
ڣһֳŷɽ建վɫ΢Щ԰ףЩ͡
Ȼ⸱α岢ʵα壬ģһߡ
Сӣͷ㾹ȻûҲ
ȹŮеķɽָһٳҲЩŭ
ëѾͷһǲǵġ
һѾգǻȹŮӸǾޱȣԭԷûбɱƺƶѾ츴ԭˡ
ӵҲ¶һģ˫е̰֮ɫһţɫָʱȴȻûƽ
һ̫ˣʦõķɽϮȻ˿ٶڻָһָֻĹһҵʵһ㡣
˼ţѾ¾ģΣҲҪԷ£һʹߵС
һβ˿⣬ڽŵɷںʵȫչֳһʵһֹ
Ѫ
ȻȵѾһƬâ֣ٴǣеķɽ֮Ȼӿһâ
潣飡
аһԼʵ˽ԷռžƣʱҲڡ
ȹŮ㶵ƺʱƣڴʱʮʹҲˡ
죡һȻʮ츳⻹Ǿݵ𣿡
ȹŮ̲סг
˻һ˾һʮĿɿڴʮʹҲƵĶ
ȹŮ̾ȴӺȵСʦãԣ֪ˡ
ʱʮ߷׷һȻǵĶԷΪ˷Ϣɱڡ
ӵɱڣֻǳһ⣬滹ʮߴɱ֮£ʮѡ
ȹŮᵽʦ֮󣬵ͣȻ֮ɫ
ýƣ
һ£һʹʩչƽ֡
ʱӵϲӿֳЦ⣺ϣ츳ñ𾪰ϧţ츳߲˴ڣٴθһᣬԸҵһҲӦֻ·һͬЩһ㣡
˵֮䣬ͻȻһīɫķɽʱʮͬʱֵĴġ
ͣ
һЦеķɽһȺնȥȺ߱ѾǾߵǿߣȻڿӵһ֮£Ȼ˿Եֵ
ǿƣȫǾƣ
𾪣Ŀʮڷɽбɱ
屻ɱʮߵԪ֮Ҳɱ
ȻһЦеķɽѾʧǿѪɣʮ嶼δüչ֣
ôϣ㲻Ҫһ³ɣʱ俼ǣҪٻش𡣡
ӰȻЦƺѾ˼һ㡣
ֶΣвҲӣԷ֡
ͷ㻹Ӧʦ֣֮ʱ
ȹŮƺһøжûУҲ仯йϵ
ʱ˿̣ʱ˼ǰҲȫ֮⡣
ǰ㻳ЩʹߵʵǿȻǿ˵ز⻹ԾС
ʦ֣ʮ츳ߣߣߣ츳޽С


1538 
ȹŮӴʱϢ©ˣȻԾ˵
мĪʦ֮ԣѾڰʾԼ
ԪԼ壬ҲӵӦ츳ʱҵʵʰٱӡ
лѾδʱ
İʹߣһɫһ˿ȴŻٵ̰֮ɫ
ܹܵԼѾΪеķЩ̰һֱڻԼ
һ̸ۺǿӺٺЦϣ㿼ǵˣڣУһ𸴰ɣ
ǵȻǷԷԼʵܲսʤǻȹŮӡ
ȻڿԼǷڴʱ뿪ΪһԷ˿սԼҲûл뿪ˡ
ȨһȻһЦҪҼǣҲδɣͿûʵˡ
ã˿ϲߣҲװˣǻָԭòӣ濴ϰߡ
ӹЦ
ֱˣЩһﵹǲ򵥡
аһתתʱѾָԭеģ
ָòʮʹͬʱһ㶣ǻȹŮӣָСӣΪǳ̫ò˭֪ȻӢģʦҲѶã
ߣ
һƺЩȹŮ֮ԡ
ȻȹŮȴǶϿ¿ǵͷҲЩ
Сʦãְɣ֪ʵ

ʦ֣ôӢӣʦÿЩĽѵأɲ뻻һѵ
ȹŮӵĻǿҲʮ
ã֡
ӾЩ޿κε˵
ǣ
ò㣬ȴһʱһһЦСӣɣ
ԷȻȲ仯壬ҲɽûԼ
ЩһʵжǿѵĲκһ֮УҲš
вš
һ֣ƷٵǿƳŶԷϯȥһΣɲçײĶ֣ҲֻԷ֮С
ƴƣٺ٣˼뱾
һЦҲչֳǿơ
ѾޣԷȴ治ɫЩ˵Լϲδռơ
磬ɲҪ̫ˣδؾĶ֡
ȹŮͻȻڵаŭȴҷ
֪ˡ
ʮֵĿȻ󲻸׵Сˡ
˫Ʊƴ޷ռƣԽԽǿоԼЩڿ޷վȡ
ʹȫƣȴҲ޿κΣ˫֮仹ﲻʵ
ȻھƣǶԷʵδǿң
ʮ㡣
Сӣɣɣ
˵УʵǴƲ
Դ󣡡
һеķɽ͵ĳնȥһȴǻΡ
аڿаڳսƣȴһȭνȥ
һѾʹƽл˽ǱϵҪǿһֹԷԵȭֵҲһŭ
ȭ໥ʱŸоԷԼҪǿĶࡣ
¡һ
ȭͬʱڿбը˺Ȼȴ㱻ɡ
һ֮䣬ȴռƣҲЩҲסû뵽Լһʹ߾Ȼ޷ڶԷռˡ
磬С
Ӻȵһ֮俴˶˵ʵԱȣٴĿǰ˵ʵڲ֮䣬УƱػܸԷ
˷ӵĿǸһ˭֪ȹŮȴԸԷһսЩ߰ȻᱻԷһˡ
ǣ
ӦȻ͵ŭһͻȻڿлΪһֻɫķݡ
һ˲䣬Ϊǿ࣬Ƿͬɽһ㣬Ƕֻ޴ĺɫצӣ޲͸ǿĹ
ԭһֻɫķݣҲˣСң
ȻһЦзɽһѾ˽׼
΢ߣȥɣ
ĵĺһ˫ͬʱȥʱֲĽѾ֡
ˣ
һβܣеķɽȴǹԴԷĽ
ߣ
Ц͵ڿзɶݣٶ֮죬ҲЩ޷̽˲ƹ켣
գ֮䣬޴ѾХųǷ˫צֱץĺ󱳡
ķӦٶȲν죬嶼δתһնԷ˫צ

粻м˵˫צȻܿķ
ÿٶȣ
μˣȴһɾ޴ϮԼ󱳣Ĳɴ󾪡
ٶȿܣ£ֻԱӲӶԷĹ
һЦ絥צĽһצݺݵץ
צӵ͵ץסα壬㳯Ͽȥ


1539 
ǿг˶Էǿһֻһɴ͸ԼԷצѾ뵽Լ֮С
ţȴҲǱĵ֣һᣬͶɣ򣬱ɱ塣
ڿпЦ
һ˿ԥȴһţ촽Ҳֻ΢Ĳһ£δ˵
磬ı廹ôɱɱ򣬺ߺߣ
ȹŮֱԵĶߺд󾪣ɿצµ
δֹͣһֳŷɽڷ磬һֻצ򲻶ϵĽ档
˫սΣռ˾ԵƣΪѾצ£ʵϣȴǽп಻ѡ
ʱץס壬ȴֲɱ壬ʹƷƣֽ໥У޷ռݵκεơ
Ʋѣû뵽ʹߵʵǿ翴ֻʮһλû뵽ѾǿƲ⵽˵ΪΪǿ
һ磬ǲǣԷצץסԼ壬Ҳ̫⣬෴£ֻҪͻȻʩչԷ
ѡ˱ʵֻԽԷһռһȨҪϵķֹĽ
ͶҪƱشˣ
ŭԼɱԷ壬ֻҪһצץȥȴǿ˶Է
ЦͶʲôʹߵһ߹
Ц
˻һŭЦ͵ķһХץסצ˲ðɫĹâ
ߣ
֮ʱΧͻȻӿֳɫĻ棬֮죬Ǻɫľצɫ羹յʹధ

籾׼ӴͻȻ䳷צ峯·ȥǳϿռٷС
ӣӣ
ɵͬʱһȴ׷ķй켣ǿĻ潣ն硣
ӵķ٣ȴҲĻ潣죬ֻһ˲Ĺ㱻ǻ潣ն塣
ʹȫ˫צһ潣ݺݵնһֻצʹٴη֮
緢һצչ˲ƣ⼫޵˲֮ĸ
һεı羪δôû뵽ԷĻһǿֲȻնԼ̵צ
չǿ˫ᣬһŭɫĶԶҲ˿뷨ǿֲĻ潣һʱ֮Ҳ벻õİ취Ӧԡ
δ׷ֻڿУϵЩҲۿɼٶȻָţһսҲѾȫָ
ͬδ˹һ㣬սĴ̼£ɵЩԪ֮Ҳʼã£ֻԼڵٴδﵽһ۷ֵ
ÿɷﵽʮ츳츳ǶӣҲа˳ɰա
ˣʱչֵΪھݴ½Ѱ֣ʹ߲δʹκǿ¾ͿԵֵԼİʮ츳ĽЩԽܡ
֮֮ǰеĲൽأһ㣬Щ벻ס
˵Ѿ٣Ѿﵽ˷ɽȻΪȴЩ֮ս˷Ѿأ
ƵչڿУǶԷǿֲ棬Щ޷ӦԣˣռһٶϵƣȴҲȻ޷ɵĴ
û뵽ߣˡ
̾Ϣ⻰̨£ΪԼʹߵݣòһߣʼһûӵ顣
ˣʵ̫ˣӦ̫ԣƾ˲ʵҲͶ磬Ͷɣһ㲻
˿ӵ˵ֱҧ
ߣҪ˵ǱʹȫûκλĻᡣ
ŭķ˫Ѿӿֳ䣬ŭâ
򲻹̨£ΪҲ֪ôģб¾һս򣬾ͲҪ̨¡
Ҳһӻ𣬴ʱһʹߣúýѵһÿԳԼѹֵŭ
ʮƵ˿ԼǻȹŮӡ
Ǻǣ˼磬һǿߣȻ򲻹һ˼ߣЦˣҿ㲻ˡ
ȹŮһҲںܣȻ˿ϺݺݵΣҲɻ¶Ц⡣
СʦãĪҪЦ磬ֻʵЦҲûá
ӵĻڰ磬ʵǻȹŮӵĻ硣
ֱҪˣ˵ȡЦ£޲
ʹ֮ҲŽһµģǿԷֻЩˣսǾ̫ˡ
а룬۲ʮʹߵı󣬺ܿ췢ʮƺٷֳˣУǿȹŮȻһģվһӦҲһģƺһġ
£ȴһԣԵüΪңֱǹ¾ս˻Ҫ䡣
Ҫ˵ңΪǵǿһΪΪǻȥһڳϣ¶һ·εİ֡


1540 
ȻǶˡ
ʦܣˣ㲻ɺ֡
һʹߴ󾪵Ȱ
ǰʦܣǧҪͼǵ쵼ǰǶµĹ涨㷴ҲûЧ磬ǵ쵼
һҲȰ
ʱȴǻȹŮӶһۣжӿֳŭ
磡̫ˣһ߶򲻹ǰͼı졣
֮еһָŭ
ܿ죬Ҳһָͬ㱻ķ裬ĶʦֵҲ¶֮ɫŴ»СС»ޡ
ǸһﾹȻǳΪǰѵʵǳ
аԾȣʱѾʹǷΪɣ˵ŮӵʵΪǿ󣬷˲ǰ㹧
֮ʱǻȹŮȴһ仰Ҳ˵ֻˡ
ұˣҳϣһжĴʵûݵߣղ̫嶯ˣǰԭĻƽϡ
Ȼ󻷹ˣһһٵ˵ҵţ첢δܸߣֻǰ治ɱԣδʹɱ֡ǰϴӦʩչһԴߡ
ʱδ˵ѡ񾲹䣬ܹΪԼԵʣʮ˷ˣʹһв
Ҳ֪ʹڲìܣԼĺôҲʮޡ
ʮʹ֮䣬㷢ʣµȻʵǿʹߣԣʱ˼Լ׸ʲôֶʹ߶һԪڵв
˫֣ϸֳ׺͵Ц⣬Ц⵹һɣʹȴɫ䣬ƺ粻Ϊ
磬ȻѾǸôҲ׷Υ֮ԡ֪һءһΣ½ʹߣһһһİܸݵߣôֻһ³Ǿ
ڣΪ֪ȥ˰ɣȻɱҲΥ˱ĹأΥĹأͬһ֣Ǿǡ
˵ⷬ󣬲ȴڱ֮ء
ʹɫһϲǣ򼸺Ҫˣû뵽Ȼ˱ɣǽԼ
ʦ֣˵Ļʮе֧㡣
ȹŮ޼ɵЦ޲ȥһƣЦЦĳչֻи顣
ʹߵ飬һ仰ö˲Ҷԣ˲صģսܣῼǶһһȥսҲлھǰչˡ
һɱκֻΥߣ˺Ϊ֮ɣǵӥһҲʧ
вϬڶٲҶ෢һۣȴֻԱ硣
ΪӥһɣֻȥΣһҪߣһɱ
а
Щʹī磬㲻ֱͶңȻذɣǷң㶼ᱻǸһѰɱġ
ɲʮʹߣΣԼǵĵˣǲɸıʵ
磬㻹жǾΥ汾
һ仰˸ΥĴñӣп಻ԡ
ʱͻȻһ뷨ΪԼܹԪ֮ɣԼΪǲǿԷأ
ţЩɶԷԪ֮壬ȴûжִٰе뷨
һҪ㡣
ŭţ˫ڿҵȶ˲ٲǡ
ɣ
νЦȴǾ裬֪绹ʲôֶοԴԼ
ȥ
ŭţٴ˲ƣһǵƴٶȣԼǲռκƵġ
һΣ׼ˣͬʱڿʧʹǰһΪҪƴ˲ơ
ף
ɵû뵽˲ƣƺʹһʮָٶȿ࣬ҿȥ˲ʮơ
ʹһٶȱٿһصǿ٣켣仯޳ܵ˹ǿ
һ˲ƺ˫צѾ˹һΣѾĻȴǻһա
ֲצ˺ˣȻȴһ˲ʧצķΧڡ
ʲô
Ƶĺһٴ˲ƣڶε˲ƹȻ޷ΪԷ̫ˣÿÿܳ䲻Ķ˲ƹ
˲ƹҲЧǺá
зƣֻ֮Է֮׷Ȼ£緢ԼķҲ࣬һԼȻǸ޷ЧĶչ
б±㲻Ҫӣ뱾սɣ
ŭĺ
ܣܣѵվڿвɱ㵱һɵ
ǺЦȻʩչ


1541 
ʱ˿̣һϰҲ൱һɣϾʲôܣֻԽԽǿ˷ʹߵ׷ɱ£ľҲĪĺô
Խʹˣƾ߾ȫȴ޷£ֱڰװ׵˷
Ҫˡ
żڴչֳȫ츳ΪڴʱѾһпΪԼġ
ȹŮҲƺԽԽ˳ˣڶԷʵ¡
ϵܣĿģĶԷһԷĹԼлɱʵĿġ
оԼͬԵ˲ϣʱòΰڲȻˬķʵ̫ŹˣƾʩչֶΣȴ޷α塣
һսڿгţҲ֪ȥԼǼΪģǼʹԷȴδţȻڿб
еʹǣһƺ򣬱ϾǿǿѧᣬǿԼıֶΡ
ȴǲ֪ҲѧģҪϣ򣬸ﲻʩչ
һʱ绹û½ǣڵȴ˽һ룬ץˣԼ޷ܶԷԼĴۡ
磬ı̫ˣٸƬʱ䣬㻹޷ܶԷôͿȥˡ
ѧбЩͷˡ
磬ϾҪˣϲ
Ц޲̿ԪԱҲ޷ʵʩΪֱΪɴ֮
Ҳģ
ŭʱѾ׷ɱΪô׷ɱһжͽ޹ġ
ʱ˿̣ľ񼸺ҪˣξڿУб֮ɫ
ڴʱҲͣΪԷͣˣԼʩչǰװ׵
һ˿ϣȴܿȥǿЦߣһֱܣȴͱսް취㿴磬Ҿһսɣñף𣿡
ﲻ֪Է룬˻ںԼ޷һԼ
˼򵥵ļγ֪ʱҲȥˣҲԷ˶ˡ
ˣһսҲĶ֡Ҿ͵һغˣӮΣ
Ц˵
˻
ӿϣȴǵ˵Լס
ӵɵұһᡣ
ص˵
ҵȻӵУڿԸһˡ
羪ϲ˵
ðɣڿԷˣһϢʱһұᣡ
ȻЦ
ЩԻˣʲôҪԼһϢʱһĪʲôıɣ
ģһﵽʲôѵһû͵Ϯ𣿡
а룬һ˫۾沿ǣι۲죬Էϵκβ
ǹž޲ʲôԽԻˡ
ˣһû͵ϮңȴǼɵҵʵԲҷһϢʱ˱ֲһﻹգ͵ϮңҲҵĻᡣ
ʱҲȼϣҲѾЦ⡣
ҾͲţƾĻ潣һϢ֮ɱңҲֻˡǸһ˵ĴۿԴܶԷֶΪأ
Ѿ⡣
ΧļʹҲ䣬Ҳм˵뷨ƣȴЩа̾һﲢͷԵߡ
ôӦǲӦ
ƽʵ
˼һϢ֮䱣ֲ˶ѣ
練ʵ
ȻֻһϢ֮䣬ҲµҪʲôڵΣ㲻ӦĽֻ·һ
΢΢Ц˫۶ŶԷ۾ƺԿ˼һ㡣
΢΢ŴͣĿɿڴŶԷʱ򣬶ԷΪҪأֻҪʩչǹԼǶûκв
ҿһ
˵
ðɣҪǣǾ׼ɣ
˻һæһڴӦ
ģ

޿κΣֻܷġ
֮ҲܵԼԵӰ죬ΪȻˣͱء
Žӽ磬΢ЦҪ׼֮ʱԼʱˡ
ã
ӦѾ˳ֵ׼һʱԼץסṥԷ
ಣ
ʱͻȻ˲ˣɴ۾ȴǲ˿춯ȴһηʱͻȻɫĹȦΪԼĵߡ
һ潣͵ĳͷһн֮УаЦԷ̫ˣԼԲܻᱻԷһɱ
䣡
ǻ潣Ĳʱη͵ķҫ۰׹⣬׹ͬһڵֵĽ
Ļ潣


1542 
ʹ˷Ȼܵ˶Է潣Ŀֲ֮䴫ľʹ粻ɵһ
ʱ䵽
һ˫âʱ˿̣Ͻ͡
ʲô
羪ֵĽеһǧȴҲû뵽ԷԼĸС
ʹҲΪڷʩչһ˲䣬ѾĿУʱʹ߲ΪҪ緢ˡ
Ի磬ȻɵĽĿУΪֱ
ֻʱľ֣ϾԷһԼʵȼĸͻȻԼ֮Уκ˶оֲġ
һ˲֮УжʱϲһԼҪɶԷԪ֮壬
ɵСӣѰ·
ͣ
ͻȻǴ󣬿Ȼӿֳɫ磬Ҳ˲䲼ǿ硣
ɫĺ֣Ϊ翴ɫ˶ԷԷ˴ǱԼĸУѰ·Ϊ
㣬Ѿˣ
ЦѾǿ磬ɲһ߿Ծ߱ġ
ɫ䣬磬֪ӥв߾߱ļܣ缼̫̬ˣΪԼǿ󣬵ƾ缼ܱɿסԼ
磬ɱҲˣɱҵľ档
ȹŮŭ
ģˣȴһܡ
Ц
ԷУĿɶԷԪ֮壬һ룬ȴ֡
סͬߣڶԷ߱缼ܵ£ȻǴ̣ΪҲӵ缼ܵߡ
ĻƣаЦһѾǰ֮зȥ
ɫ粻ϵķ͵ڵ磬·ޱ޼ʵĺɫ磬Ҫﵽǰɫˡ
ԻԸ磬һԣвͨԣŻš
СӣͶɣ
ЦЦ;ȴҲЦ
ܣԲܣ
סˣû뵽ԷȻԼʩչ֮Уһ
Ǻɫ绷壬ȴһҲںƾϮ塣
ƾһ㣬Цһ˲ĹһӶҪɳۿ
磬߱ʲôˣ
עսȴΪսصĸı䣬ʱҲòѯ硣
Ȼ޾ҵ繥
缸ǲ˵
繥
ǰһ̰֮ɫԡ
Сӵ츳ֱ̫ǿˣð
Цش缸Ҫޡ
ʹУֻĶλʦͬȴĪ
һһĵǶθΥˣֻĿΣյľء
ȻôɥʧƣʱսطΪ⡣
ڣʧȥƣԪ֮սֻҪҲڲ֮ء
ƴˡ
ĺڿͻȻСԽԽСΰС
һܷ缼ҲΪֲ⼸ѹ缼ܵ
һߣħһɡ
ʹ仯츳ʱɴཫԼС׳СһӦٴʧȥЧ
ȥɣ
ĺȫĺɫ
ٺ٣
ȻٺһЦƾԼ屻Щ󣬲ûκβʵĸоʮֵܡ
ͺñûһ㣬ֻҪİɫ棬νĻ湥ڸԡȻʮ顣
ķ֣ɫǺЧġ
粻ˡ
˵֮䣬֮ӵһǿǺɫ羹Ȼĳڲӿȥ
̬Ȼҵĺɫ磡
߽ţƺֻдޱ޼ʵĿ־塣
磿
ʹͬʱ̾Ҳûˣ츳ֱǿı̬һضǰ;
߶ʮһ¼ʼڵ磬Ϊ߱츳ʱٶ֮죬ҲԶԶԼ
ڲϵʧеĿ־ͬˮһ㣬һʰ
˭ң
ȣڿзķ˫᲻ϵȶţƺҪͨķʽ߳ڡ
עͽ͵ʱѾȫĵͶ뵽ĹС
˭Ҳ֡
ϵɨһۣʱ缸Ѿˣڿƴķתš
ڵʱҲЩĵֵˡ
ڵĿĿɲΪΪԪ֮塣
ʱĵıǶԷ壬Ȼ󵥴ĽԪ֮ݳȥ


1543 
ǣɵٶȣȻʼѰҶԷڴڵԪ֮塣
ڿһͣеǱԼΪԼѾܵĳƣΪﵽʱڵԪ֮ѾԪ֮壬ǳ֮塣
֮Ԫ֮ĳֽһӵ֮壬ȫķȫںһʵǷ֮ҲҪ۵ģһ֮޷ݳ֮⣬屻ɱ֮󣬶޷߱ΪѾȫںڱ֮С
ǲ֪Щȴ֪֪Լ֮Ҳ·ӣǱ㾡ܵһһԷɱԼ壬ǷԼ֮ԷĿơ
ŻٶȣԷҲܿĴ֮ѾʼѰҶԷġԪ֮塯
ʱΪѰԷġԪ֮塯Ⲣѣܿ죬㷢˶ԷġԪ֮塯֮
ΪԪ֮岻ûأѵǲ壿
ҲЩɻ
֮޿ɱܣʱѾ֪ԷˣǸɴıչڶԷǰ
ף
ԷԪ֮ôأȴ֮һȭͷСĽɫӣϾȻ¶˶ֻ۾⵹Ҳ۽硣
㣬㵽ʲôǲ޳ޣѵҪϾɱ֮嶼Ź
֮ŭʵ
֮壿
۾ɢһĹâֻһ˲䣬бˣԷϾǿߣԾԪ֮Ҳ任֮塣
ʱл䱻ɱĶ½ʹߣǶ˵Ԫ֮徹Ȼ½ڵԪ֮峤Ĳ࣬Ƕ˵ΪҲԶˡ
֮ӳڣԼӣܹأ
ʵʵ׶ԷĻ
пޱȣԣ˫ֳ֮ɫ㵽ôѵһҪͱƴһҪף֮壬Ԫ֮ǽȻͬĶҪɱ֮壬ǾǴˡ
ԣҲЩԥԼȷʵǳŶԷԪ֮ģǣȴû뵽ʵ֮塣
ƾоֶԷ֮岢Լôǿ
㻹ǸϿ뿪ڰɣɱ֮壬Ḷش۵ġ
ȴΪԷӵԪ֮壬һԼ֮岢ûκơ
ӵ֮֮˶ԣһԷ֮У֮Ҳʧȥ˹ЧΪ֮Ԫ֮ʮƣЧ⣬ûκս
ֻһ۱㿴˶ԷĿ־壬־ɲαװģˣԽڴʱ޹
Ȼ֪ҵĿģǾٷϻˣó֮壬Σ
ƽ˵еķɽѾӿֳ潣
д󾪣û뵽ԼȰ淴ǿ˶Է
ģ𣿡
ֳ֮ɫ
˵
ʱסʵ
Ȼɱ֮壬ǾҪݳԪ֮壬ֻһɱ֮Ļᡣԣ֮Ԫ֮жԾ֣ᷢûʵɱ֮塣
ʮ˵
ô
ⲻŵʵ
Ȼ֮ɱԪ֮ǿĶ࣬ûɱ֮κοԣһ㣬ҲԾ뿪ڡ
͵˫оȻӿֳһĨЦ⡣
Ŷˡ˵Ԫ֮ڵԿ֮ʱ˿ơǰǷ˵ӵУʵ֮ɣûв´֮޷뿪ģңֻжԷԪ֣֮֮лʹ
ƲĿɿڴзֵ츳ܿ£ĻȴǸ¡
ȻѾ֪ˣǾ͸Ͽ뿪ڰɣԪ֮壬Ȥ
ӿ˵ѾĸоΣյĽ١
ŶҵԪ֮ûȤǣҶ֮ʮȤأ
ٺЦЦ֮Ҳ͵ĺˡ
дѾ˵ˣԪ֮岻ɱб±ݳԪ֮壬һζԾ𣿡
ŭǺ˵ⷬ
кβҡ
ȻЦ
аϲҲβסϲãȻǱ
ãǱһȿ˭ǿɣ
˷ܵĺ
ļûκôѾˣңȴҵԪ֮塣ȻҾеķɽһս
˻һ統ңû뵽ԼļıվȴһǴ
̫ˡ
羪еԷ֮Լ֮ƶûС
Ҳںôңֻ֪֮ܿҪˡ
ٺһЦѾٴαƽԷϾԼڣʲôҲ̫
ʱϾˣһ类ʹնɱˣԼҲһù
ҪҪ
֮ûеĻ潣ʱȻֵˡ
нĻѾǸȭͷС֮С


1544 

͵ĺ֮嵱˲ƣҽһ֮徹ȻʩչĻΧȦ
ǰɣҲ޷ƶԷ֮壿
аȻŷɽ׷ɱ֮塣
֮ǰʩչʱһ㣬ȻڲϵӴܣʱҲʼ͵ǴǴʮ
ҵĻ涼޷ƶԷ֮أ
ҲЩΣڲϵ׷ɱУԷ֮ҲʱԼĽնһС顣
¡
׼һС֮ʱһС֮ͻȻԱǿıըҲɷٺˡ

ǲҺ޴ڿҵķȻʧȥƽĳ¿յ䣬֮ȴһɹѪ
㱾ôҲԲ֮塣
ĺʣµȭͷЦ֮۾
ղ׷ıȽϽһС֮ըѪйһ£ȭͷС֮屬ըԼҲһ١
ţҪ嶯
˺нƽһЩ
֮ǿɣǱһѰҲֲ˰ô
ȵ
Ȼвһ㣬ǶԷ˵Ļȴǻ֮ԡ
֮廹ĲöԸֻһˡ
ţѾʼΪԼѰ·ˡ
㲻ɶԷ֮壬ȴҲɵķŹԷ壬ǣһֱն˶Էĸ֮
ס֣ס֣򣬱ʩչ֮Ա
ŭֵĺû뵽ԷҪ̴Լ塣
أԼѡ񣡡
仰еķɽȴͣһҵնԷ塣

ҵķȻٴδӵڿգȴ޷ӦԽĴˡ
ǿȻڲ޷״̴һа
ҧҧеķɽӿֲĻ潣ǧһһһҲֵסַ
һᱨģ
ĺк͸
ಣ
Ѿᴩ˶Է壬ҲĶݳ塣
ڿУһӿѪҲЩ͡
Сӣ츳̫ñˡ
ЦŶ˵
ҲЩƣû뵽һʹҲԼԴȴҲ޷֮塣
ʹߣѾȴһսˡ
ڴʱȴȵ磬ܸ˾ߣ֪
ոʱ֮ԣŵĻ
ǰѾˣ츳̫ǿ󡣡
羪ֵĵ
ߣҽƱ磡ҹ

겻ĶſʼԷƶеԷʮɷΧʱġ
Ķ磬΢΢̳һĨĻȣʱξȻʧ
д󾪣æȫ䱸ȴָ޷̽鵽Է˲ƹ켣
ǰҪʲô
羪ֵĺ
֮塣
ڴҲɿЦҡҡͷû뵽ȻҲѧԼķʽעùˡ
Ҫ
羪ֵļУڶԸʱԼ֮ԱҲ޷Էش
ಣ
һĴڳʱ˿̣ץһȭͷСĽɫС
Ӵıڿ£Ȼʧȥȫһ׹䡣
ıصһ˲䣬ʹͬʱ߿֮зɶݡ
ɻУͻȻһɾ޴ıը·ǿıըȻ
䣡
оǹɾ޴ǰԼ˵СֱӱըˣϵĽսҲ˲䱻ըϸСƬ
ģ
ŭû뵽Է屻ɱ󻹻γǿԱԼһֱڷʹߵɱֻ»ᱻԷԱ塣
Ȼ޷ɱ壬ķ
ЦȻ֮˿У֮ҽţȴ޷ⱻԷ븹С
ڴʱȻ˫ۣɫ֮侹һƬȻ֪֮塣
ʱߣʱ
аһѾڷ֮ڡ
Сӣʲô
ȹŮӷ춯ȵ
㣡
شȫ죬쵱ݵķȥ
ȹŮЦһ˫ͬʱһǿĽ˲佫С
ȹŮӺܿЦˣΪԷѾݳԼողõĽơ
ⲻܣ
ȹŮŭ˫ӿֳŵĹâ
ѾԶˣֶԷû׷һ
һԪںŸո֮һ֮塣
һٺ𣺡Ȼˣǿ֪ԱжҪ
˷׷׵ǸΨǻȹŮȴһʦ֣ȫ㣡һֱжߣ


1545 
ŭŻȹŮӣȴû˵һ仰
ʲôı̫ˣʧڿʼһнɱȫȨָӣκ˲Υ
ȹŮ˵ȴ㹻ˣҲɵͷȥһ仰Ҳ˵
ʦãΪͬţô˴ң
ŭʵ
Υ汾ѵ±ɱ㣿
ȹŮһѾǰ
ңʦ
һҲû׼ֱӿʼģΧļʹҲĿɿڴ
ڸһĻᣬֺãǱһǱֲã𡣡
ȹŮ۾˵
ʦģһҶʦõаΥ档
˵ҿԷ۾һۡ

ȹŮӿЦ
ȴ˵ԼٶӻһԪڣżޱȣΪһ½ʹʵ̫ǿˣһԪڵʵǶԿֻһǾ
Ϸ̳֣˽ε½ʹֵ߽ѶϢ
ö˳ԾǣȻʩչ˸ƣſʼ˵ʹ߽ˣӻġ
˻һϷͬʱһ
ʦʦ棬ĪҪ̸
ܵƽʯ֮ϡ
Ҳ£ֻϷȴǸû˼ߴٵСӣ˵ɣ׷ʲô顣
ĺһڿŽԼǰʹһ渽һķһʱ
һоԳɫϷӸżޱȣ૵ʹǿǰҲ޷ԸһһԪʲôֿǣ
ѡ˳Ĭ¹һԪڵһԪʵͲܶԿʹߡ
ͨӵսȻڽţһϷյǿȴʮ½ʹߡ
ΪһҲûбʤգһԪڵȫʵҲԶԸ½ʹߣ½ǿʹһսֻ¼һԪȫӵʵҲ޷ʤ
ǰ˵һԪڸ޷ǶԿǾʵĲࡣǵ취ξ
ӿЦ˵
ûа취룬ֻܺƴˣһԪν֮֡
ϷѾ˾С
ֹҲһʱ֮벻취ǵȵʹ߹һԪڱȻɵ
ʦʦ棬ǽһԪڻһЩʱ䣬Ǳ뵽ʵİ취Ȼ򲻹Ǿֻˡ
˵
ӣһԪԹھ֮㣬֮һԪ֮أ˵˵ʹǰʱܹδ
ҡͷ˵
·ӣǰǸһԪڣһԪڲҲߣǾа취ӵ֮⣬ȴҲӲʹߵĿơ
ϷӽӲһı֮ɫ״Ǹо
ϷһȴǸû۳һжΪҪԿʹߣһԪڵʵذɣҪߣȥȴ·ӡ
ֻϣ취ʱ˿̣Ҳì֮С
Ȼĵط
վǰ಻סѯʵ
ϷסܹǻһԪڵΣ
ӣǱġεأһƻǾɽ硣
ԣһˣϷҲͬʱסˡ
ɽ磿СӣˣϷˣɽ磬𣿡
ϷҡͷѾзⷬƻ
ڳһȴЩ뷨쿪޵ϸһҲֻɽӣֻ·һ
ǵģҲãɽķ򲻻Ǹɽ磬Ҫ⡣
϶˵
ɽ粻÷ĵȵѾûϣֻ£Ҫ侶ˡ
ӷ
ǵģѰµķʽͨɽ硣ȻЩɽʹִܹݣôǱȻзɽ硣ܹǷɽĵ·ǲлӵɽ硣
ͷ˵
ʱϷ̲סµǶʦͽȻַ˼ķʽϷһһ·

һЦϷֱԹⶼʲôʱˣǾȻЦĳ
ʦ棬ȻֵҲûãƽ飬ŬȥѰķʽҿһԪʱҪݴ½ˡ
ƽ˵˫ҫĹâ
Ϸԣ׷̾Ϊ˿ɽ磬ҲζһԪھݵ
ʦģб÷Ѿһɣųơšһǽɽ磬ұ㽫šھݷչšﵽһȻΪһԪڣζž֮أһԪʧ
˵аϲһԪٿԼȥ


1546 
Щǳɣ뿪֮ǰǿԴһԪڵļǡ
ЩȲ˵
ã
֮ȫ˳һһԪ̱ߡ
ںзչ˲꣬ǵʵѾǿ˲֪ٱ
΢̽飬вɿϲԭЩ֮˵츳֮á
ߣ츳ǷǳҪģЩǿ츳ζɵֻҪŬȥԻΪǿߡ
ʮԺǣŵӣǿѾﵽڵΪ
Ȼ󲿷˵Ϊڵ£˸ճõĺԼ޷ļһˣҲﵽԪӤϵΪ
Щ˵츳Ϊǰ˶ʹҩҲﵽ츳ӵʤ
£һ󣬺ܿ죬ӵ˱㿪ʼ˷ܵĴЩŵӹһԪڵ
ǣЩ˾ȻȫһԪ
ӸˣΪѾǴһԪԺΪ
£Ϲپ迪ʼ˶սԴʱ䣬ֻҪɽʹħʹ߻ûһԪڣʹҲǰݡ
֮ʼ׼ŰھĳŵİõأƫԶݣǱ׼˴ݡ
߽֮սӮЩʹ߶Ҫ׼һԪˣʱȣòǰź·
һԪںĵӣıǽȫУֻʩչ֮ʱȥֻܽٲ˶У󲿷ֵ˾Ȼ޷룬ҲоʮΪѡ
ȻˣЩʣµ˾ѡذɣʹսס
ӵȻһЦϲû¶ĵı飬һƽ
һԪڵŵӣѾȫ˺Уĵֻʮ˽˺䣬ʣµһԪھȴ޷һԪڡ
Уһܹֻ·һҪôһߣҪôһߣ
ն˵
ɫ䣬˽⣬Ȼ֪˵ˣһ޷ͬʱ뿪ͻѡء
СӣôؼʱѶˣڵӳһӳһҪǲߣһҲӲȨ⣬ѡһأ
ϷӴʵҲЩ޴ӻش
ʦ壬˵һģôţǱô
ӹ˵
ðɣȴһˡ
ֻѡ
ǣʹ߻ûִһԪڣԦ쳯ݳ
ɽʹ֮ǰʱЩɽʹҲֻ΢΢죬û뵽˿ͨԼ˲õĽơ
ڷ֮Уһ·ķУٶ֮죬Ѿﵽƽޡ
ڷ֮УٶҪαķٶȿˣǴһݣҲò˶ʱ䡣
֮ѾִݣȻһ·еγǡ
صγϿգи̾ô꣬γǵģȴǸûʲô仯
ʶ̽γǺ󣬷ֳд󲿷ȻֻߣֻмзǳϡٵĵͼߣԼγʱ޼
ʱţǶγĵطȴǸıޣȻԾżΪռĿꡣ
γϿգеһУþ˵
ʵΣ˷ǣָоҲӿЩꡣ
γϿʱͻȻжɫͬʱգһѾָȵǺˣΪγϿգ
΢΢һЦ̽ʱһֻڣһҲڵߡ
λѣĪҪŭֻżȻ·ιųǣ˳ΰ׳ۣղ鿴һ
˵һҲΪͼ߼ƽϡ
ŶԭˣϷǳ񣬲֪մ
Ҳ˵̬Ⱥֻ࣬ᵽ˳ĳЩ¡
Ǻǣ֣ϣ·ѣλͲҪˡھ׼뿪˵ˡ
˵
ʱ·죬һϸ֮ԣгһԷա
ϣҲ̫ҳ˰ɣѱϷҲŵӽ
Ϊˬ˵˵껹һָ·ĳӡ
αؽأ˵ֻ֣ǻᾪӴأˣ㲻棬Ҳ棬ҪŵͲˡ
л˵ǣǸȴû˼ֻ̽ڵߺԽûˡ
ѼȻӣǾͱϷˡ
Ц
ɱŵļһ䣡
·гӽȻԽԽĳΪź
ǶƺҲʶģˣ⵹пио˷ǡ
ѣγǲκڿУѻ뽵γǡ
һָ룬ƺԶȻǿҪ䡣
ðɣǾ͹ˡ
΢΢һЦ볤ͼ߼ƽϣǱ㽵γС


1547 
˱ˣ
߹Цγһ֣˵˼䳡滰һС
˫֣ɫƽΧԼߣվϤĵطȻпѡ
ͻȻ־ھеĲԶһԼĵš
ҵ˳ⳤȻγǵƣôҵĵأ
ǲԶĵܣҲЩԻ
ǰǰ
ͻȻһ˵һ˵ȫסˡ
㾭ô꣬ģҲû̫ı仯ֻǿ΢˲٣Ϊ߳γʱֻһꡣ
ԽԽϳγǵ߶ԣγеľڴ˵صľ޴ԿһЩߡ
²μǰ
ѾĹڵأиǴ˵һҲΪĪļԵЩ
²μǰӭǰطγǡ
ԽԽ˹γУһ
ʱڳƺҲϳŵĻ겻壬һ
ƾһ֮񣬳Ѹˣȴû˸Ĵڡ
ǶҲɫ䣬Īľ֣עЩ߲һ
γǣеȫѡڵأЩȴȫţκ߹ڵء
һ˵ǣҲֻڵΪ񣬳ѾˣϷкξ֮С
һ룬е̹ȻֻȴȻףΪʲôôγǵ߽
λֻ̫ⷬżȻ·γǣлλ
΢ЦĹ˵ֻǹ֮䣬˷׷׸ܵһɼȴݿܵվ
˷׷״󾪣һû뵽ǰ֮侹Ȼ˵档
˵кιɣ
õ˵⡣
ɶǰ񣡡
һͻȻȻ󣬼е߶ߡ
ʮû뵽ЩͨҲҺǳԼǱǳﲻӭ㣬̸Ϸ
˻һȫסˣû뵽ϸҶ̬ȡ
ѾһΣڿûȤҲ赣ģҺܿҪȥ˵Ӧÿ㣬ڵġ
ɫȻƽû˿
߷Ҳ̽ûǿҷӦԽԶ˶ԷöԷΪԼ
ߣѾǴǰĳˣϷǲƾ۸ġȻǳĳˣǾϷĳˡãϷԵɱˣԱ֮𡣡
߷ߺ޵˵нһѾɽָ
ڳЩڣһȴǾֻߵŭ
Ǻǣԩԩ౨ʱˣ꣬嶯Ѿô嶯ˡҿɲǳ﷢ִھ뿪ķΧ
˵꣬ת㳯ǰȥΧ߷׷׼
ߣߣûô򵥣
ڵ˵ʱʮǰ֤ԼȻΪһѡ
γУЩ˶ߣȴȻס߶ĳݣһ˵Щ£һ㣬ԣޱȼʣϳĳޣ߾
ಣ
һѾǰ⼸ҲӺ׷ϣʼΧס
æԸϷһӡ
߰Ȼ˵۾΢΢ɱĶЦ
Ǻαأò׷չѵóﱻ𣿡
̾
ҪˣΪϷĶ֡Ϸɱ㣬޺֮ǣ

ôΪɵĴܱ٣
ͻȻΪ֮һ䣬ΧԽһȻʵŲɡ
һʱҲЩɶԷΪֻ˵棬߸û·
б±Ϸһս
ֽ߳ȵ
Ǻǣ뱾һս㲻䡣
Ц˵̼ĳϡ
ԭڴ˴κˣ˷ͣγǣ޷ǹʵΣ뿴˵ء
ǣߵıˣʲôطЩˣǻԴĵסȥ·һʵúȴֻῪġ
ߣͳˣš
ȥ
߷ŭĺһѾֳַɽն
һЦûܣƾԷķɽԼ塣
ɽնؿڣȴһһɴȥŵŵŵĺʮɡ
һ֮䣬У
߾ޱȶ뵽ӵʵʱҲѾˡ
СӣĺܷǲǱ¿ˣȻǱ٣
ޱȣŵ߻
İҲƺȫɵˣһľ
߻ûü˵ȴ΢һ䣬˶ܵһɾ޴
ΪĵλãΧ֮ڣȫһǿ˸߿ա


1548 
֮䣬ЩҲգһǾС
ͬڿУȴηԼ޷ԭλá
ʱ˿̣߷֪Ϊ֮ǿԶԶԼ֪ǿ˶ٱԼȴŴ
ǰС顣
ڿĵ
һе˷׷һ͵䵽档
Сӣٻ֮ɸγ֮ˣͬڻּȫɱ飬ȻˣαҪأ
䣬бɢεĽȴ߲Һһ˫۱ѾΪ˶Ѫ飬ȴѾʧ
лǰ飬лǰ飡
ʹڵأĵл˫֮ȴӿѪģˡ
㻹治һķˣƽϡҪȡѵ˲֪ɡ
ȻͷҲصĳǰȥ
ǰ꣡
˷Ļ΢΢һЦһѾʧڳС
޲겻һȴǼʹߣղŲΪ֮֡
߹ڵϣʹʧȥ˫ۺΪעӰ죬Ϊǿߣ⼸ѾΪһЦ
뿪γǺʼ˷ٶȣЩĳׯС
ɽϿգֵ֧Ȼɽ֮£Ҳڸ߿֮С
Ī֧ӵͳ˧Ȼ޽ˣҲؼҿ
һαڿС
ʦ
ЦųƺεغͻȻ㼤
ʦǵļ磡û뵽һطһ졣
񼤶ޱȵ˵
ǰǵļ磡
૵Լӵļ䣬ȴҲòһԼļ硣
ʦȥʦ׼
Щ
ߣҲݷһ޽޽ʹһҲ
·ľӣҲЩ
ǣת֧Ͽշȥ˵ִϿպʱ֧ͻȻö𾪵ķӦ
ಡ
ƿ֮ʮͬʱգЩѸٵĽΧס
¶ǺˣΪҾϷͣ
Ϊ׵һ˳ѯʵ
ɣ
񵱼˺
ô֪ҽɣ
ɾʵһȴƺԼ֮˾Ȼʮ졣
޴磬𣿡
ɵɴ˫Щ
ң
æش
ǰ
ֻһ۱ϳʱ㼤ĵ档
죬ȥ˧˵ǰٻˡ
ɶ˺

˼ٵĳ·䣬·ľӷ󻶺
һӵ룬ȴһʮ顣
ʱͻȻ˲ˣţˣҲȫݳʦƷҲڿС
ǰүλǰȥһ𣡡
ɼ˵
˷׷׻Ȼֱӽ䵽С
һᣬһ˷׷ǰкЩˣϡǵãϾ޼Ҿɴֹһν
񼤶Ϊ˽ļˣԼʦоƷӵˡ
ھʿ߰ܿ죬һ¡Уޱϲ
ɹĽһ񣬶ʱԪ˧ҲԶ
ǰ
Ԫ˧ԶƺǰҪ
Ԫ˧ĪҪͽܣ˵Ҳƽ
ЦԪ˧ʹҪȥȴһ͵ĴԼݡ
ӭǰ
Ȼ˷׷ױҪȴȫ޷ϥǡ
λ񣡡
Ц
Ԫ˧ŽתƵϣӶˣĿԣлǧһ㡣
֮ŽУȻֱ£Ԫ˧ѾԸȥ׼硣
һ̳Ȼ˸ΪҪҪ
ɹɽȻ󾭹һƬƬأڵִﵱׯ
ǰһƬ棬ɸ̾˷ǣ㽫ȫݳ
˸ƬأҲׯ֮ˣʱǼĪ
ǣǷѾ׼ˣ
һ֮Уƽʵ
Ѿ׼ˣһ֮ԣĪҲӡ
ǹĹ˵
ܺãŵĴϣݷչмǰԡ
ͷ˵˷ǰڴ˴ҲΪܸȫķչȥ
γǱһǣɽ֮ƫƧ֮ʺڴ˷չ
ֻǾܵΪŴչĻŵķչ׳غÿһˡ
ȻһɵƱػѪҲɲԶţҲ޷չǿɡ
һͳļƻ֮ȥɣϾԼ֮ѾԶһֱͣھݣԼҲû̫ô
ѾھݵȱݣǾΪչ쳣


1549 
ﵽڵΪҪյҲԽԽ࣬ھ֮뵥ͨΪѾԽԽѣӵԪҲͣھݴ½
̸벻ŵĳ̸ٶ´
һƬߵأҲһ㲻õģΪЩӣߵϽܿ޽ʺϾסķݡ
ֻ˰ʱѾһ뿪ԭȵׯЩŵӷ׷פ㣬ʧķ
ܿ㷵޼Ҿ˧̸һ˸ǡ
޼ҾӶʼһԪ˽´ڣδ
˵˽Խţһ㣬ȻӶû׷Ҳ׷
ֱԪ˧ţڵظ֪֪ͨԺŵһӣҲԶĹΪŵӡ
޲ɢ֮ϯ֮ʱǲᣬֻòȥΪһԪڻԼǰȥȡ
޼Ҿ˺Ȼ˶䣬֮ԸٶȳݷС
һ·֮ϣδκִͣݱ߾󣬷ֽߴѾʧݱ߾һƬ棬սݱ߾˼ˡ
һԪΧʱִ˵ؾȻһˣ·˵سΪ߽
ã˵߿֧һôŹȥʮ죬ЩϽʹ߱ѾһԪڸأ
ЩץˣٵĳһԪں֮ء
ʱһԪڴǽɵĺۼһԪڵɽƺҲƽһ롣
ӷ֮жݳЩŵԭأ˵ŨѪζƺһս
ಣ
һѾһԪڵɽ֮ȥΧƺһˣЩʹ߶ʧһ㡣
֮ǰƽ̨ʱ⴦ƽ̨ҲѾӿݣһԪڵĴҲѾˣҵʯ仹մȾ˿˿Ѫ
ʼʹʶ̽飬ȴһԪͬһ㣬Ȼһˡ
ʦ
ڿзĻȴ˻ش
ʹߣȥ
ŭȻòκεĻش
һԪڵɽѾ˻ˣһԪЩӢȴȫʧֳֵĴ򶷺ۼ˲õԤ⡣
ʦʦ˵Ը񣬾ԲͶʹߣˣǽԻ֮սףؼʱ̣ῪԪԱ
еǣȴûзϣһԪڴƣһԪڵ̺ʽѲһ飬ȴһ
ʹߣһḶ۵ġ
սȭͷŭ
һԪڽһĸֽʧٲƵĹҲʧڴ˴ӣϷӵҲټЩ˵ĸԲ۶ݵģˣͻȻʧȥЩ˺еʹ಻
֪ˣҾͲˣڣƴȫҲҪȫһԪˣʩչԪԱҲڶһ˻Ҫùһ㡣
̱ڲʯϣеɱ̹ġ
ɫʱһԪѾһƬţѾûյлһѪȵζȻǲʯϣ͵ڵҹ
ܲҹһǹⶼûУһˣµʯϣӰ˵į
ʱ˿̣Ժﾡʦ˵󣬿˵֮⣬𾴵ˡ
һΪʦΪ
žҹԺиŹ֣һӣ֮ΪͽܣȻԼʼð֮ãһ·ڵִһԪڣÿһʦ֮ʱԶǿֵġ
֮󣬸ֳֵԺУƢЩŹֵĹĵʵǳȻʼìܲϣ֮ദУԸĸ黹վģûб˿꣬УѾͬ˸㡣
ϷҲԺ֮У޼ӣʦ棬ԼСܵʦ棬ʵĶôĿɰڣÿμɡ
ʱȻȥ䣬ճѭʱת˲š
һҹٵʱҲ޷ס貵ǿգʱڶһ¡
ʱеİˣԣѾ൱һʱˡ
ްˣԺ·Ҫȥһ㣬ܲס
ǣǷʯͷվϵҲָԭеƽ
ʦʦ棬λͬţȥһҵǡѾôһʹߵͷǡ
һһٵ˵ɫ֮価Ȼ
ֳ֮һԪڵŹȥʱ˿̣ɢһǿ
֮ѣһԪһԪڵڷģ޷ʦŴ𣬾Ǵ𡣡
˵֮󣬹ĶһԪڵĴ°˸ͷ
ɫ£Ѿ׼뿪ɫһԪڸԵ䣬Ը˸еĵط
һԪ֮߾ȫһ¾ŵŲĳǰȥ
ʹߵûȥһ㣬Ҳҿ϶˷һԪΪ˵ʹߣ˭֪ҲϢ


1550 
һԪԼĪֺ֮ڰһ˫۾Լ
ಣ
һѾʱ˻ãȻǰ
˾쵽ԺһͷȴԼǰǱŵķһ
ߣ
һѾһɽʱ˿̣ͷգǴǵˣȻǸĺö
ǰ
һĵ
û˵ֻǾĶ̽鷢ʵҲеɳڡ
ǰ²ðֻ֮ǹһԪڣ֪һԪڵЩôˡ
˽͵
еɱɢ˲٣㽫֪ȫ˵ǵһٻɡ
ǰ˵ȫ˵Ҫɱ¡
˽ŵ˵
ǰһԪڸɵһӣʮǰʹԽһԪڣȻһԪڣ˫ս졣
ǰ·ʮϽʹ߾ȻͬʱգƺѾϽ硣ǣ±ǰ̽飬֪һԪڵˡǣֲðս룬Ծڴ˴ǱȴһԪڵϢֻҪһԪڻڣ»Ը֧һԪڡ
˵ⷬȻŲѣΪһɵִԼ󣬶ԼȴȻĸֶԣɱԼʵ
ŶԷ۾û˵ӶԷķӦƺδ˵ѡ
֪ʹȥʱû˵ʲô
ʵ
ǰʹȥ֮ʱ˵ҲΪӦǲ˸ơ
˻ش
ȥʱûдһԪ֮ˣ
⻰ʱоȻĪĽš
ǰûСµʱֻʮŸϽʹߣǷֳȻͬʱʧߡ
˻ش󣬻ɪɪ·Ψɱ
ȻûץʦǣѵѾɱˣ
һȴǿЦһ뿪ˡ
лǰ
˻Լٶʧǰ
öһЩˡ
аһʧҹĻС
һʱ¶Цû뵽˲ʮˣȴо˵һ޶˵һ˵ˣѾһɱˡ
ҵʦˣ˳𲻱ĲΪˡ
зݵ
ڵȴЩԾȻЩ֮ˣôú󣬾ݵӦֿԷˡ
ڿǵǸþĵȴԷ֮գͨķϽ硣
ǵȵҲǻᷢҵݣʱ޷Ҳ۴޷
΢˼һĻôһ
ȻߴҹһԪڷʵΪҲԴҵΪһӰ졣
ѡԶһԪڣһֱе˶ϣŶ뺣ףȻʩչơ
һԪ˳ֺһ΢ЦģȻΪһԪѾӹһ٣˷׷׻
Ҳ˵ǱصЦ⣬˸ỳһԪڻ֮֡
ʦһԪΣ
һʵ
һԪѾһƬ棬һˣΪʦѾﲼ˽ƣκ˲׽롣
ƽĻش
ɫ䣬һеǡ
ʦˣ
һԪһĵʵ
ȥʱʹȥȴܵʹߵ׷ɱ
˰ɫԡ
˴󾪣û뵽һԪڵĸȫץˣһЩ˷޷޲ƽʹʹߡ
ʦʦôʹȥأ
ʵ
Ǻǣʵĺã⣬Ҳֻܲ²⡣ʹ߿ܱⲢһԪڣʦ츳ѣǱϧ֮ģԲŽһԪڸȫߡ
Ȼ֮ʦųʹߣҲǷɣʹһԪںֶΪأҲõģһ죬һԪڵĵӻɽ档
֮ʱɫһƬȴ޸ˡ
һ˼Ҳƽ˲٣вΪ˷ܲѡ
ʦԼʦǷɽأ
ͻȻʵ
ԣҲЦ֪Ϊβѡʱ
ɵѾͷʦǷˣôأ
赭дķʵ
ŶʦˣΪǣʦίˡ
̹ɵĻش
ǺǣʦãʦһԪ϶ȫ֣ԲûѡôҲҪأ
ҲЦŽӻ
ʦʲô£¡
ò˵
ãô˵ģʦֵǸ
һԪƽ̽ѵд󾪣ʦֵúģǸ
õƤĶһԪƽһͷһԪƽ̴ŭȴֲҵ淢
ֻ˳һۣʵȻǸȻؾصվһԡ
Ұһ£Ҫ˵
ˣ̰ȴЩɻΪԳ
ʹѾȥɽ磬֪λǷԸһǰɽ磬Ǽھݡ·Ҳѡһ¡


1551 
һֻж𰸵ѡ⡣
Ѿˣ
һһԪںĵӾϲʵ
ʱУ˭Ҳ֪Ҫȶÿû׼ȴ׼Լеķʽɽ硣
ش
˷׷һ㶣֪˵еķʽʲô
ʾ
ĵӹ˵
ȻʹִܹݣǾ˵ϽͨģǿԴӾǰϽ磬Ҳ
΢΢ͷǺޱߵǿա
˷׷׳Ĭˣû˵ķʽ⼫˵ġ
磬ѾˣԸ׷ɽ硣
ţһڵ
ţڵΪɽ磬ҲһõʱҪúÿǣǸ÷ǲ÷ңһ㣬ҲûʮİѰҵͨɽ֮·
˵Ҳҿ϶Լ뷨ǶԻǴ
磬Ҫģܹһɽ磬ҵĸ֡Ѿѡˣһһðգڡ
ţն˵Ƕһĳݣ·ܹһõ顣
һжͷ˵ԸһðյĵֱһԸĵҵֱߡ
һֱߣȻв˺ԥֱߡ
Ȼ˵ѡԣѡֱߵҲС
Ƭ֮˻Ѿѡ˸ԵӪѡؾݵ΢һЩ
һԪڵŵȫѡؾݣһԪڵĺĵȫѡһðշҲѡðշ
ʦΪѡؾݣ
ʵ
ʦΪǿûﵽɽĻҪ󣬾ѡһɽ磬ֻҲĺȣԣʦھݡ
ЦŻشʦȻҲվһ
ƷҲվߣʮ᲻ãΪԼѾǵˣ˷ֱһʱ֮ҲЩԽܡ
үү壬Ҳȫѡھ𣿡
Ϊ˵ԼЩˣǾȻȫѡؾݡ
˷׷׵ͷ̾Ӧѡ񡣵ΪʦҪͣõɽ磬ǲǸ鷳˵ˣֻҪܷɽ磬ĺãҲ֪ˡ˵û㣬͸ýײˡԣ㲻Ҫ᲻õүү壬ֶӣһġ
ǰҴĺôˣԶҵĽģѾΪˣǶŬȡշɽ硣Ͱĵķɽɣõǡ
Ҳ˵ôϵҲǳ࣬ȥͬһģ
δ̻شԭ׼˴ߣǷ񷴶ԡ
ֻǣ˶֮Ժе뷨Ҳı䣬ΣѾȫΪߣΪߣҲǵɣӦǵԼǿнһӴߣǲǻӰ쵽ǵأ
ο׼˶֮ɽ磬ǵɽ磬Լһվ
Ҳ⣬˶ں£ԼΪһ˻ţһԼ䣬Ҳζе˶Լһ䡣
ȻھҲҪĥѣȴɽҪȫĶ࣬ɽ˲ʱҲ޹
ţͻ˲٣ǵͷͬ˵Ҫ
磬Ҿı뷨ˣҲؾݡ
ͻȻڵҲд󾪣û뵽ѡ
ȷ
һۣɿЦ
ȷУλҲӦһؾݡ
˻һĿɿڴ
磬İɣڣһչ˺ôҵġ
˻һȻе˼
˼һۣƺҲ޷ڴʱţҲұߡ
ţ㡭
Щ˵
磬ǸˣھݣҵΪﵽһʵҲŻ
ţЦʵΪ˸ı⣬ԼҲɽĺȣԲŸı⡣
ȰȴԼĶͽҲڴʱı⡣
ʦӾؾݡȻʦܹƾһ֮ھݴﵽΪǵҲһϣʦӡ
ϹϾĹ˵
ʦʦ뷨࣬Ҳʦȫ
һݵ˵
ãһҪСġ
̾ٴֱʱͻȻѾֱٵĶࡣ
ؿǣҵҲؾݣлѡ
ʣµһԪںĵͬ˵ҲЩľˣԵЩľȻĵͷ
һԸԼͬǰĻʫ׺飬ˡ
磬Ҳѡؾݡ
˵仰󣬾Ȼ˶ᡣ
磬Ҳһѡ񡣡
ͬʱ˵
Щ޷ˣȵһͬɽ硣
ͬʱ¶ϲ֮ɫȻᶨ˵磬ѡģڲǿǡ֮ѾˣؾݡģǷ֮һȥġ


1552 
磬᲻㣬ǣĲھͷɽ硣
ʹ޵Ļ
оԼ壬ԼƺѾľˣ˫ֱ飬ʱҲ˹
ðɣǵѡ񡣡
һһٵ˵
ˣҲվֱߵˡ
ҡҡͷȻȥ͸ű
磬㵽ɽһҪúõģΪǺúõĻȥ
ʫ˵Ҳķȥ
׺׼˵ȴڰ֣ҲؾݰɣǵΪǿҲھﵽΪٷõġ
ǣ
׺ҲߣǣԸ׷ɽıǿһˡ
λǣǶԸһǽ˭չ磿
ͻȻ˵һŮͬʱһ㶣ȻЩ۵
˭Ըһ
࿪ʵ
Ը⡣
ŮȻͬ˵Ҳ˿û뵽ҶԸͬɽ硣
ˣ˷ǰɽ磬һȥǶؾݰɣֻǣһЩǵİΣЩ飬һǸǱȽϺá
Ѷȴֵ˰ΣԲžĽһԪڷʵˡ
һԪڵ๫˶ĬˣһԶԵķŭ
ڳˣһԪڵĵӣҲһԪǧ˿Ƶϵӵܲʱ޵Ѿ¡
ǰԸֻ࣬ģӰ˵ȻҪɽ磬Ҳұ֤ԼǷһлὫܸ֪ˣԣŽڴʱ
οһԪֲɵӣǽѡؾݣǳһ࣬Ի󲻽⡣
ã˵ķŭŵԷйһгһҪѪޡ
Ҳôȫһ飬ʹӦòݣǿʱŵţȵǴﵽǿʵ󣬱»ָһԪڵ
Ҫʱȴǧ١
㾭˰ʱ䣬˵һΣѡһ躹ޡ
Ԧŷ죬ѾճɽȻӲһȻɣԣɽ缫пһ޴
ûöãѾ㣬֮㳹׳˾
ɽ絽ںηҲ޴ӵ֪׼Ѱɽ磬ҲǼ֮õð׼
ھ֮ǻãѡһĵ·
ִ̫̫֮յ֮ܶȷǳ֮ͣĵطҪΪѶʵ̫
ڵһֱţڼԦǰºں嫵̫ߡ
ǹҫ£ǰһڿзţԼһ㣬ֻнٶȴǱԼࡣ
׹ʱƺҲ쵽쳣֮ڿн䱸
ಣ
˷죬ƽߣϵҲ¶Щϲ֮ɫ
׷ǣɽ磬֪Ժδ
˹˵
˳ʮᣬȥԼһСٿʣһС֮ҾȻԼҽܣǱЩøС
Զɽ磬ѣʵԵҲ
Ҳȭ˵Է˵ɽ磬Ծ͹˵Ƕɽ֮ˡ
ԭԶɽ磬һһᣡ
׷Цһ׺ͱ飬˶˵Ĺϵ
Ȼ˵ԼԾݣΪ˭֪Էһˣôͻ̫֮ͣУǶԾͼıԼ˵ʵˡ
֪Ҫȥ
Цʵ
׷ԣһۣȻѹ뷵ɽ硣
аϲȻԷԵִɽ磬ԼɴһͬǰԼˡ
һҲ뷵ضɽ硣
һϿҵı˵׷Ҳһ㶡
ôɺأɱڶܵ׷ɱʱСĽ˴ԲŻãã֮С
׷̾ƺʦѪ𣬾һķߺ֮ɫ
Թ۲ŶԷ飬Է̾Ҳ̾һѣͬͬΪɱǿнڵչѪսս֮࣬յĽȴǲҲ̶áڵϤսڵֿ˵սԭǵͰźõĴ󣬱ɵʱ֮󣬱Ϊᱻ˭֪ȴǰһڣȻãã֮СҶ˵̫ɺˡ
ǰɣҲʦűȻ봫󣿡
׷Ŀɿڴ˵оһЩ˼顣
Ų㣬˵ĽʵһЩˣھŭԡ
յĴһ
𣡡
׷ͬʱȭŭû뵽ããлԼͬѡ
㣡ȻԵҶ˱һ·ͬаɣ
׷˷ܵ˵
д⡣
Ͻ˵ָŶԷܸԼ򵼣ʱǶɽҲãɽҲգֻҪܽɽͺá


1553 
ѣ֪֪ͨɽĵ·
׷ǳɵʵ
֪һˣ
ǫ
̫ˣһֱ֪ηɽ磬Ѿ·һˣ֪·Ǳɾ͸һǰɽ硣
׷˷ܵҪ˵㵸
ǰɣҲ֪·ҵһĲ
ƵţָԷ·ȴһ·ä
ߣҵһǰɽ硣
ɫ˵Ȼɶݡ
̫ˣǾˡ
׷ǸϽϣѾȫϣϡ
һ·ɣ˱ãã죬ԽϤˡ
һ飬Ǹ·գҲ;֮ˡ
ж׷ǻͦģƺǸܵļһԼ˵κλ
ãã֮Уջգ˷һ£ȴûκˣҲЩͷˣԼ²ִܵɽ簡
׷ȴһ·ֺǺǵģΪѰ·Ľˡ
ٴͣһЪϢʱͻȻһЦ
Ц˷д󾪣ʹʶ̽飬ȴǸû̽Ժδ
ηС֮б±һ
˵֮ʱѾзɽ
ף
׷ǶеķɽɾһƺЩš
¸£ηСӣȻһ߲ӵеķɽ¸£Цˡ
ЦԽ񣬶д󾪣û뵽Էһ۾ͿԿԼеǷɽ
ĪõĲǷɽǸ˿Կĳ׷ҲӦóеǷɽ
Щˣһ˵⣬Լ˶ͬʱˣԼǳԲ˶ߡ
ηħڰţ
׷ȵ֮ҲȥԶ
ɲһħǶˡ
ͻȻӶ˵Ľ
Сġ
ѵ㳯Ͽշȥ׷Ҳѡ˳һ㡣
֮ʯͻȻ׷ըѣһͷ״˴ʯг
Ҳһһڣ󣬾Ȼа֮ߣһȻͻȻ֣ʵЩˡ
꣡
ȻﾹȻʼѸٵССδСǼһҲһĸо
ಣ
ҡһ䣬ȻһģΪͦҲʮֵľ£ֻȫƤȴ֮ɫ־Υĸо
ĺˣ治һĺڡ
а̾
Ǻֻһ㷢һмߣʱֻԪ֮徹ȻһžȻ˶Էʶ̽顣
ǿ֮壬ҵԪ֮Ҫǿˡ
ŲδѡʶΪɣԼɾҪ˲ˡ
δߣȻҲ̫ñˡ
ǺƳһĳ
׳պ򼣬Ȼһҵĺ¡
аȴûлӦԷƲܿ콫׷ǡ
СǿǸɽ֮ˣֻǣΪ̫ˣıɱ㡣
򼶢׷ǣЦͬûԷ
׷Ҳĵ֣ǾֻʮΪϼˡԷڴʱҴҵݣ׷һѾʼˣʱ뿪ȻǶͬʱ׷ɱ
뵽ƺ̫Ϊˣѵ֪Ϊһ˵𣿡
Ϊ
аԲŵ
ڱɿΪҲıɲɱ㣡һ֮ڣɱؿɱ㣬̫û˼ˡ
һתȻǳǿƣⷴסǺˡ
ôǼٻ̽Էʶȴֲǿ˷ú
ɽ֣Ϊǿɱ㣬Ѿˡڣ˵˵˵Ŀˣ
׷ǿ˵ȻǹΪƣаϲٺ׷ǻûȫԼ
ΪԻˣ׷Ҳ˵з˲پη֮ġ
ǰǰֻǰЦһããУʱ̫ˣҲЩ͸ˣԼ˾±뿴Ǻηʥû뵽ȴǰλ
͵Цû뵽ԶթԷ
ŶԭˣСһʲô֣
λߵʵ
ԽɽֵĻŲɣΪиֵķԲһ˿ģġ
ǰֽаڡ
˻һͻȻһЦ
㳤ôڣȻаڣЦˡ
޼ɵĿЦʵҲһѹȷöԷ֪нԼɲΥĸ֡
˵ΪΪӦøĳɺڱȽϺá
׷ǽӿڵȴûǰЦ
ŭѣȴֲҷǱŶ˸Ц
˵˵
˵
磬Ϊڳͷ봫Ȼ㵽˴˴һꡣ


1554 
ʵʵĻش
׷ǶһۣΪȻһ봫ʧˡ
ֻҪһ˲ʱ䣬ж϶Էʧ˷򣬷ôһ궼ãĿռأ
˵һûִݣ򣬾ݱһȷѪꡣ
и̾
ڣҲǿ֮ˣξͲƽ֮ʮϢ֮ѸٵʧڱǰɾһΡ
ĺȵ
д󾪣Ψֱɱֵлǰɱ֮
ಣ
ڶߵٶȿҲһٶԼԦʱٶȡ
һ˲Ĺ򣬰ڵѾʧ٣аϲ׷ЦѣǼһѾˣǼɣ
ã֣򣬱Ѫְ֮
׷Цʮء
Ҳȥ²Ц⣬һ㳯ǰС
˷вƬʱͻȻһɫֳǰ
ǰڡ
׷ͣסΣɫƽ˵
ߣ
һȴǰԽп࣬һﲻѾȥôͻȻأѵԼڻŪ
ڣСǲ𣿱ѾһأϲɻеڶΣҪΪ֮ڣ̹
װŭӣȴʮ㣬׷Ҳ¶֮ɫ
ڵ͵һȻڿУ˵ǰһããѾȰ꣬УµΪǼȥڳһȻҪǰҲˡǰҪɱҪУǾɣܹǰУҲǰڵҡ
ץˣû뵽ԷһѰģǣԷԼɱĻᣬԼδؾɱ
ʱ˿̣ڼֱ׸һ⣬ҲЩᡣ
׷ҲЦҡҡͷǰȴһƽƺѾʱڿ͸
ããУȴܲԼɱԼɣɱԼ壬Ԫ֮ҲҪԱڻûʩչԪԱ
ȻǱǰɱͲͬˣٻĹһЩ
֮⣬ڿĿĵģǶԷѡɱԼԼл׷Էеִϣ
Ϊãϣϧһ
ڣȻ˲֪ôǱɱɲҪڡ
ϵ˵ڴʱҲһ˿һ
ǰ붯ְɣھԲڡ
ڸ˵˫Ѿ¶֮⡣
ѣ·ɱɣ
ֵɽ׸׷ǡ
ǣ
׷ǸմӦȴǰŭǰƲңһֻɳʵɱңǶҵ衣˵ΪƴȫҲɱҡǰԳ֣ɱҡ
û뵽ھȻ˵ⷬ׷ЦҡҡͷʾԼҲɱڡ
ⲻǱ¶𣿡
а
͵ΪԲסк֮£ɵ޷֡ŶãֺαһѰأ磬͸ıһ뷨ȥɣ
쳤̾оȻһֱ˵ĸоðҲʮָжû뵽Էǰ᲻ɱԼ
ǰҪ»ȥǰҪӦһ£±ǰɱ¡
̧ͷҫһ˿ϣĹâ
˵˵һһǧҲúÿǵġ
Ȼ˵
Ϊڴ˵ȹѾûκ塣ǰܹ£±㲻Ѱˣǰȫ
ڼ˵

ֹ
ǰȫ±ضǰ

ʵǿԼļһԼǰధлһֵĸо
ʱ˿̣׵ĴӦΪһʧǧźޡ
ǴóһᱻԼһƭģǸʱֻԥɱԼ
ǴһûκɴӦǣǲӦôŹԼأ
ʱһҪһһðԼǾͲԼɱˡ
ǰӦǰɱ°ɣ
ڼ˵лǶһ˿
ѣ˼أ
ѯ
ɣֲñȥɱȻˣҲûʲô˵ġ
׷Ц˵
ðɣɾʹӦ
һڴӦ
лǰлǰ
ڼߵݵ
ǴӦˣǣ˵̫ˡȻ뱾ǱҲԶɣ
Ц˵ͻȻֳаȵЦ⣬ǺҲһܵĸоԷڴԼ⡣
ǰֻҪðһ棬ʲôڶû
æ̬ʱĸûһ˿һĻɡ
ˬ죡ɵֻһǾҪѪϱΪҲǿ㣬ѡɣ
ɫ˵ȴǰЦǶԷҪһĸԼǾҪԼΪһԼΪǾ㱻ԼǸ֣Ҳû˺Լˡ


1555 
׷ǵ͵һ𣬺ɵһȻǰڣȻ͵ķһЦ
鲻ԽʵЦʲô
׷ֹסЦ˵Цʵ̫ˣǰ㣬δᷢ츲صı仯ǰᣬֻ̫ˡ
ԣų΢Цģǰڽܡ
һԸģڡ
ǿ
ǰģھڡ
ھϲ˵
ͬʱѪΪһԵ׷Ǳ졣
׷Ī֪ںưڣ
аڽڿΪ˺Ѿ޾׷ǡ
ˣ
ڼ˵еЩģ֪ԼΪԷʲô뷨أ
ϢʱҲˣǳ
һѾǰȥ׷ɵĸһԣǰȴһӱ嵽˶ǰ
Сӵٶȿ죡ѲԷʶơ
а
ȻƬ̣ǰڱ㿪ʼɵˣΪҵķУٶȣǺʱܷ磿
ڣʵ֮ٶȷУҪжԭ򣬵һΪ˱Ƿɵ̫ˣҲããʧ򣻵ڶһܱ̫ķٶȡ
͵ȻʩչʮǰڿдΪǱ͡
׷ҲɻƺҲЩ㲻״ﵽʲôΪ
һ·ల£ӦǿѹưеЩɻ
ʮ֮˻ããзУոյִһƺڵļ
˽ָ򣬶֪ɽʲôط˷ҲֻһҴѡ
֣ǻǼǰɣλϢҲֻǷ˵磬ȥ˺塣
׷ѵ
׷ǣ˵㡣Ȼͣѡһȥ˵ģ˵ߣҾߣ˵Ҿ¡
ڲһƨ
׳գ׷Ц

ڴŭǿɲζһҪ׷𾴣ʵϣô׷ǲˬѵһˡ
ʲôƱɣֻ·һ
׷ȻЦƺûнڷ۽
ڴŭɱ˶Է
ڣ԰ꡣ
Ͻֹ
䲻ԸȴҲͷǡ
ѣҲӣ׷汾ɣҲԸ۸ԣ׵ġ
Ц˵׷ǵ̬ȵ⣺֣СӸɵǸ¾ôˣ򣬱ɽҪɱ
̫
ڴŭҪȥ׷ǡ
ѽб뱾һս
׷ǹЦ
ܺãǼǱˡ
֪ԼȰ϶ȰǾֻʹһˡ
ߺ󣬰ѹֵĺһȻ׷
ŶȥΣ׷ȴ¶ĪЦ⡣
ѡ˵һ̽ںܿѾ׷׷ǣȻҲˡ
ˣǰ̫嶯ˣ𷣣

֣׷̫嶯ˣ𷣣
׷ģ°ڵ˵
ڴŭû뵽ԷȻԼԼԷΪԼˡ
ǣȴڴʱΪԼ
׷ǣƺǰڣкأǰհڵһĻ׷һɣһûڰڵС
ǣ׷ΪưڣѵһѰ𣿲һѰĪǰڵһ˵˻ѻΪû׷ǿ󣿿ǣҲ񡣡
ӿͷȴôҲ벻׷ΪҪǰڡ
Ȼ벻ףҲͳĬţ׷ǵ۾ʱͻȻ˲١
׷һڻҵΪԣ˷ưڡ
аǺܿ㷢۵ҲǶԷưڣǱؽڵķԼΪûжٹϵ
ǺαأããУֻʣˣǻҪʲô˼ǻ࿴˳ۣ໥˵ô򵥵鶼𣿡
Ŷ˵һ飬ðƽ˵㣬ϾΪԼ
׷ƳһҲһڴʱ˿̣׷Ҳܵǲŭơ
ˣԺ󲻻ѼƽˣƾƣҶᣬĪҪŭ
ڴ˵
ڣĺܺãȥ
Ȼ׷ǡ
׷ǲ˵˾ĿƣŲͬ˼
׷ǣưڣôǿԷֿԼһȥѰɽɣǾԲȥɽġ
׷ǣ֪ҪҲǷɽ磬ʱԴҪЮǾ൱ץס㡣
׷ԥһ˲䣬Ȼ˵֣ҲưˣģһҪǰɽġ
ãȻǶӦ໥ƣǱల¡
΢΢Ц۶˵ìܣҲгɾ͸С
֮˽ϣȻȫɴɽɵģǸߴΰɽ


1556 
ͣһɽˣΧɽϳʯͷ㻹ʯͷȻһľûУڸԶĵط಻ɽ
ǸʲôطھҪϡĶ࣬ǿա
ΧжطΪʧ
ûκεӦò˾ס
ڶԵ
׷ҲǿЦʶ̽󣬾ȻҲûѰҵκεϢ
һʱԺͻȻֳһĻþþеľƺйأǻþ֮УƺӵŨ
׷ͬʱ΢΢ı۾һȻƺڳҪ顣
ú˫ĺȻеľâһš
ɷѾ̽飬ƺĳطǿǶǷ̽鵽ʲôѶϢأ
΢Цʵ
ˣʯͷʯͷʲôû̽鵽
ʵĻش
Ҳû̽鵽κĪǳ˻þǸϢĵطôܻ֮أ
׷ǻɵ˵
󵨣һˣ
ڴŭ
ˣڣױɵĻȷġڣɾѰǸط֤ǿ
ƽ͵˵ɫ˫Χɽ壬һ㶼˿Ļҡ
ڶȫŵģ׷ǰŰɣγ֪˵뷨ʱƾԺеԤ֤֮ԼһЩ顣
ٳδֻǻԺеЩ棬Ȼ۲ǰɽ
ಣ
һУ˲û˿ԥ̸ķ·ߡ
ΧУʮʱ䣬ȴûѰҵԺеǴ档
ڲںΪããǿѾķ˰ʱ⣬ʮʲô
Ȼ׷ȴԽԽΪ׷ǵʶ̽飬ƺŨĴڡ
һƬֲҲûһţôļأ
ûããǶǣ׷ǴǰҲ̽°ٸ򣬽ûзʺ򣬸ûŨ֮
żʮ֮ڿԺгֵǸ档
ǰɽмһɽȣطԺĳһϡ
ڴ˵ء
һָǰɽȣһѾʧɽ֮С
ڰ̽һȴûзκ֮׷һۣȴ׷ЦҡͷƺҲδ֡
ɽɲ⣬ڿб֮ƣһʱȴûеִȵס
żǾܵıƽͣ׷ҲѾݹʱ͵Ľ˷֮С
ಣ
˲ﵽ˼޷ٶȣٶð׷ͬʱһ
˼Źȵ׽䣬㾭ʱ䣬˲ŵִɽȵײ
ΧһƬ˶ԣڰʲôѾﵽӺڰʵ
ɽȲΧıƺȫбϵģɽĹȿںܶ࣬ɽȵײֻʮɷԲ
֣ʲôҲûУûκϢûŨǸ˰ɣ
׷ǻΧЦ
ҲЩˣȴֻǵȻһЦ׷ǵĻ
طԵһᣬ˴˵صĻþ
صһЦͻȻɽһǣȻ͵һ̤ϵɽʯһ
ǰ壬
ιⲻĵطţɽȻû˿ı仯
һ£ҲΪڹŪˣ׷ѾʮˣɴѰ˸䣬ȻɽʯϿıݡ
ȵһʱƬȵ׵ÿط̤ˣȵһɹʯγɵĻҳ
ڰڶ˵ĲΪȻУɽͻȻҵĺڴʱһɫĹâ֣¾ȻһδСĶڡ
Ŀɿڴһ˲䣬Ŷ֡
ಣ
ĳ֮سȥöƵǣǶ֮ͻȻһɾȻ˵
Ҫ˵ͻȻǶڴǿҵԼҲ޷ֵı붴֮У԰꣬ȱɳ
䣬Ѿ˶֮УΪ˱붴ڵġ
ʧǰ׹ҲʧˣҲȫʧڵĵطȻѾָԭȻɫʯͷ
ʲô
𾪵
׷ǵͬ𺳣û뵽ԾȻģԭ׷ǻһֱΪΪʱ֪Ȼִܹ˵ʱҲȷǲΪ
˵ģȻڹ֮Ȼˡ
׷˵
ԺٺһЦ㣬׵ġ
ߣСӣ㻹Ʊɣ
׷
˵Ʊˣ㲻Ҫ˱˻ԡ
ڿǵһۣ֪һʱ֮Ҳвɶһ뷨
ô˲ˣеƱˣ
׷ƺ˰ڵ˼ðԽŭ
Ҳ룬ʲôƾʲôڱǰţһɶѣҪɱ㣬ͬһֻһ


1557 
ڱĵ˵
αشţأǲǶɱҪ˲ڣɱڣ
׷ǷʵȴһҲûаֿ־塣
ڱɱԷһԷŵȻԼвһҲںĴ̼˰ڡ
˵ˣȻ˲ڣǱɱ㡣
Ķ׷ǡ
ƾСһҲɱɣǱЦЦ
׷ǿЦ
ڲ嶯ĳ֣뵽ھطɱ׷ǣȻٻʬ𼣣ʱ𣬾ͽƸ׷ǡ
뱾һս𣿡
ڴʵ
кβҡ
׷ǰȻ˵
ãȻһսǾ汾
һѾɽϿգ׷΢Űϼɡ
ǹɾʱвްţȵǰѾԤĻһģһĵط
һů֮ΧһƬ̵ĲݵأݵصǰһƽĻ棬ĺЩʻ衣
֮⣬Χһʱ˹˵żῴԾˮĻ档
ͣڲݵϣжһнԸе˼飬ڳϣƺһԼ
ȵΧĿл̺̫ǿȴҲݵ֮ء
ǸӰŶңһ£дܿ죬Ϲˣȴȡ£ȻٴС
վԭأطԼȻ޷ʹʶ̽飬ǳıϣһƳɵӣطҲԼĪɷԲ
ǰ·˵أǰˡ
˵һᣬȴû˵ĻӦ
Īǹⲻңһôһ˳ߵ̫ˡ
а˵һ飬ȴֻǿ˵һ㣬ȻٴνˮС
ĵطĪ⡣
аԷԼǵ鹰֡
ûᣬҲЩջˣԷԼǸɴԭأԷΪ
ƬռУ͵Ĺ߾չ࣬ʱı仯ռĹҲȥ
ҹĻʱǸ˻ڴ⵹ǳ֮⣬ΪڿԼԡ
δƶطֻǾվţͻȻо˵ʮֵӦȻգȴֶôʺ˾סﻨ㣬ɵڴ˵ش
վͬʱûֹͣҲľһֱȴ˻ӦԼ
ʱţɫʱȻطһƺ޵ֻ֮УǸ˾ȻڴΧĺʼ衣
оľһ״̬УɵȻһЦڴ˴ľ
ĻУܹеľı仯ǰʱɱ¾֮Ҳڴʱ˸ı䣬ĵƽͣԽϧǰĻᡣ
罻棬һжڰĳɱ仯ľΪҲ˲٣٣ѾһƬƽͣҲĪĺô
˵죬оԼľûƽͣΧһоȻû˿ı仯
ǰ˴˼ɾ
ЦŹ˵ȴȻ߻Ӧ
ǣǰȥӱߣҲԼߣ㲻ԼŲ˰ɣ
һͻȻֽ¾Ȼ֨ѽ·ЩݷĲҽһ㡣
ಣ
˿УԼһŲµĵطʱѾΪһƬɫջһʯ
ǰɣֻĲһţݵؾûˣѵЩݵǼٵĲɣ
аһѾ
ΧĲҽ󾪣ͷһԼڿ˲Ƶ··ȻγһݻΪʯĻ档
һ£ϱѾʯ
ǰˡ³ç
ɫĹ˵ȻԷȻᡣ
ʱ˵ñµ˵ʵԷǡõһ㡣
ǰ°ǰץ㡣
˵УһץѾץס㣬ǣȴԼ˲ˣ
Ȼᣬֻȥȡʱָ壬ڴʱ˵ָȻֱˣϺ̱ʧˡ
ǰ⵽ô£
һץס˵ĸ첲
ǰɣ
ץס˵ĸ첲󣬷ĸ첲Ҳ׵ıԼץˣҲʧ
ȻΧĹͻȻİһЦڿռд
ηСӣȻҴϷĵ̣
ĴȴûзԺδ
ǰǰ֮أǰһ
Ĺ˵
κ˴룬
Խ䣬а˲ӭԼƺҪɱԼ
ܰطΣԤ֮Ҳ˵أѵҪӶɱң
д󾪡
ɱʲôôӦòҵģֻǲСĴ롣ֲǹģҪɱңɶļһ
뵽ɷһЦ
ΧĹȻӣǵ֮˵徹ȻʼԶ䣬ǲݵԼٶʧǳҲѸٵʧС


1558 
ЩʧĶƺתΪһֵЩڿлۡ
η֮ˣαװŪб±һ
ǿռ买˵
ȻûлӦԴ˵ҲЩˣΧı仯ܿΪһƬĵط
еֲٶʧƬռӪϢҲѾʧеҲʧ
ʱﾹȻʮǴɽȵײֻ΢ҪһЩУһʯݣǸղŵ䡣
ಣ
ռͻȻһӰӰǸߣһѪɫӣ˫۷Ѫ⣬ʱ׺ݵĵ
ڳˣԤϴˣԭǸħˡ
ֻ˶ԷһۣбѾ˻жϡ
ǰ·ѣѵºȱˮ𣿡
ִ˵һЦ⡣
ǸӰӿн䣬ֱӽǰʮ֮˾Ȼһ׺֮ɫ
˭ΪҪȾƣ
ǺӰͻȻ˵
ԭǿܣı壬ղеһоȻı仯ġ
ѾЩ²⡣
㵽˭ΪʲôǺδ
Ӱһʳ⣬ҲĿɿڴԼǸյ˵أƺЩӦʶԷŶԡ
˭˭
ӰͻȻʵȻ쳤һֻ񶼲ҪԷˡ
ǿʵһҲɵɱҡ
а׼Է˵ͻȻֶԷȻԼһȭӹ
ǰɣ
ٻսףҪȴЩˡ
¡
ûüֻһɴԼؿ֮һȻ˵ǿ
һ˲䣬ԼѾˣΪڶԷ£Լ徹Ȼ˺ɫʯС
оԼ忨ʯ֮УԪ֮Ҳ˾ҵˡ

ԼؿھȻԷһѪڴʱԷμһһıƽ
Ҳ
ŭɸոպʱǰһƬѣΣȻ˲˹ȥ
߶ԣԼѾͬǿĵʱ
ɲǼ䣬ҲµԼɣŻԣҲ޷һкˡ
˭˭
ǺӰſռ޴Ļڿռлص
ҾȻȫˣΪʲôΪʲô
Ӱߺ޵ĺռѸٵ˲ƣÿһ˲ƣռжᷢ¡ը
䣡
ӰһȭʯݣʯݶʱըѿЩʯ֮ʱӰƺ뵽ʲôƵġ
Ҫˣô֪Լ˭
Ӱűʯʮɵ¶һĨЦȴֳȥһɴ֮£ѸٵĴʯзɳ
㲻
Ӱڿеȴؿ֮˿ƺڻָ
֮ʱڵҲУǳ֮Ļָ壬ԣؿڵۿɼٶȻָš
ڻУ˿ھȻָܹӰҲɴסˡ
ԼĪƬ֮ǰ˿ѾָˣţĽսҲָ
ֻǣɫЩĲҰ֮ɫӰ򾲾Ŀڿе
ˣ̫ˡ
Ӱ˵ⷬ󣬲ɿ˿Լȭͷ
˺ܾãҲȻ˫ۣƺԶĻУǺӰҲȵЩͷˡ
˭Ҿ˭أ˭
ӰȻʹ಻߶ţȴôҲ벻Լ˭
ѣѣңҵ˭
ӰȻһ
Ը⶯Ըֵֻʵ̫ǿˡ
ڱԷʯٳʱѾˣȴ۾ҲҪװΪԼȡһʱ䡣
һӵǿʵȴֲ֪Լ˭ļһҪúÿһԼ׸ΰ졣
Կ϶ǣǼһӵɱԼʵǰȭһ飬Լ㲻Ҳˡ
ǲѾˣȻѣҾɱ㣡
ӰŭһȭԴϿա
ҪǱԷһȭԴҿɾͲˡ
а
ʱ˫ۣ˫ֳɻ֮ɫǺӰͣס˳֡
ˣңҵ˭
Ӱϲ˵
׳գ㾹Ȼҹɣ
ŭָźӰ
Ӱһ㶣һŭɫȴүô˸˲Тĵӡɺڲ֪ˣɾͲһħΪӰ

ӰɣƺĻŵˡ
ҵʦ
Ӱʵһ仯൱ķḻ
ⲻТļһûİӡ
ŭĺ
ӰһɻĵǻɶԷƭԼϸ۲Էɫ󣬺ӰֿԷѵ̬
ҵʦ
Ӱ˵Ȼ¶ŵζ
һʧȥ˶ôúơ
а
ûİӡ


1559 
ڰ֣ĴͷҲھš
ӰٴζԼĪƬ̣ͻȻƭң㲻ҵʦ
¶һĨЦ֮ɫװԷǺӰǽŽɡ
ˣ˭ѾҪˣǲǱɵĵӣҪˡΪʦΪͽӦ÷һᱳΪʦģ㲻ΪʦҲ㲻ʲôˡɱ˱ɰɣڵһ
˵֮䣬ɢһɰԵݰԵ粻Υ棬ʵǿĺӰʱҲܵ˶ԷǰԵ
ɱ˱ɣӴˣûʦˣӴˣ¼û˹ˡ
һ̬ȣһһԷȥ
ʵҲûеףǶԷһ춯ԼٶȺˡ
һֱߵ˺ӰǰӰľԥһ˲󣬾Ȼȭͷ
ʱֳһ˿֮࣬ɫȴûаĿ־塣
ɣ߱ʦԶҲ뿪ããգΪʦҲĽѡ
һ
ҵʦҾ߱ʦ
Ӱ˵ⷬ󣬾Ȼ˺
ţΪʦҲûа취
Ц
ȻҵʦʱΪγΪǰ
ӰŸռ֮ʱĳ
߻ħľأʦʱҲ̼㣬Բųһǰϧı̫עҪһˣʦѡ
̬ȻĽ͵
ˣħˣôͽܣңΪôʲôʸҵʦ
Ӱʵ
ҲãħҲգߡΪʦΪͽж꣬ΪΪʦ֮㡣гɣʦҲ֮С
ŶԷ۾˵Էɼ˵һ֮أΪʦããΪΪʦһռ䣬ϧһжƻˡĹ̫Ϊ⵼߻ħʧȥ˼䡣㻹벻Щ£ΪʦҲ˵ʲôˡ
ӰеĻҲԽԽ٣ãȻΧĿռ䣬⼸һܱյĿռ䣬ֻԼԷԷԼ֮ˣôܻڴ˵أ
ʦϣͽһݣͽʲôǵˣʦԭͽܵ³ç
Ӱ
Ҳգ㻹ΪʦǾͲˣΪʦڵΪܵĴ񡣡
Ц
Ӱתţƺʲô⣬ܿЦʦȻΪô˺ʦأʦģԺһʦмӣԲ˺ʦֺ
ϻ˵ÿΪʦռѶϢֱһȭˡ
ǰȥһѽǺӰƿһΣӰֻһ£ûпĶ
Ӧҵʦĵҡ
ӰڱƿȻһЦ⣬зˡ
аЦǰӰһȭʯݺƺʲôâ
ӰȴǳȥţڱΪʦ
ǣʦ
ӰЩƣȴֻӦһȻ㵽˽֮
գһʵԶԶĳңҪҺֻ»ڴ˵ء
а룬öԷԼݣʱһԼʦԼҪùˡ
ߣԷļһͻȻָأ飬Ҳ벻õİ취
ѵʯͷһᣬ㷢һɫʯͷʯ֮䡣
һУǺɫʯͷѾУʯͷкͻȻʯͷ֮оȻ¼Ǽһƽļħ
ҲҪһұаˡ
аϲȴװƽģȻռѶϢˡ
ʦʲôѶϢ
ӰԶʵ
ȻǵִĵͼΪʦһֱо顣
ҳȻ㽫ϵʯͷ׷߷ɣѰʯµĶ
ӰȻԼΪҪ߱ʦˣʦΪԼĶ࣬ȴʮ׶һֱָʹԼ
һǺӰԼǰǿһ㣬¾Ҫָʹˡ
ڽʯ·ѰһɫʯͷǺȻĽʯͷռΪС
ڵɫʯͷϲ֮澹ȻһǼʵͼ
ͼΧռ䣬ٵطбעЩΣյشرעˣңзǰ·ͼ
֮⣬ɫʯͷȻӵдĹܣ治ʮЩӦǺӰС
һЩֵãǼʵͼٲʧ򣬶Щʯͷ֮еļأԷҲԼ
пϲӼһȴûķˡ
ǰռеϢȻǺӰԪ֮ûһһֱѰҷħķȴ޷أΪܹΪһԴԪ֮ѷڷյĿռܶʼ
򵥵˵һ䣬䣬ããУΪҲ


1560 
ԭһʮȴΪ󴳶ܵӰ졣
ʦʲôأ
ӰԶԶʵ
Ϊʦһ⣬֪㻹벻ָ䣿
һ˵
Ȼ롣
ӰЩ˵
Σ
΢Ц˵
ʲôף
ӰƺĸȤ
Ϊʦָ䣬ǣҪĲ˺ΪʦҷΪʦ㿼һ¡
öԷԼΪȴ֪ԷһӦǱֻ˶Ρ
Ӱգ˫ۣҲ֪ʲôãſЦʦԼֶ֪ηġ
ֽ죬ն㡣
˵֮䣬Ѿһɫ䵶
죿ҽ죿
Ӱ߶ƺǺɫ䵶ҲϤĸо
ӰӹնֻԼ϶Ϊһ֮ϾȻһǿҵս⡣
ãҲʶܻܿԴָ䡣һָ˼䣬ֻЩҲ޷ֹҡ
ʱ뵽⣬ɽԼһ
лʦʦ飬ԵӦ
˷ܵ˵Ȼ䵶ʼ췢ġ
ǶԷѾģǲȫģΪ߶ԣ߼٣ȴҲܴȫûΥԡ
ĳ˵Ͼ˶෽˷˸˵ӣǶԷָ˼䣬ֻ»Լ
Ȼ֮Բְ취ҲǱΣǲôԼӳط
ԷѾģ㿪˵ΪʦжΪʦһͬ뿪˵أĪҪΪʦĶѷͻܱ֤𣿡
ʦģֻҪʦѲƣǾԲʦѡ
챧ȭ˵жĸ鵹Щ˵壬
ܺãҶ˱뿪˵أ
ǺʯͷѾ֪뿪˵صİ취˵ǹȵ׵֮ͬ
͸֮ʱҲĲڴ󷨵ĹУ췢Լڤڤ֮б֪ǰС
˵ʧһƬ׹֮УȻѾɽȵײ
ˣ
ڼ˵û뵽ô㷵ˡ
֣
׷Ҳֵ
ڣѣǾõˣʵЩⲻȥ
Ǹ˵
˵ʱ˶ע⵽һɫߣһԲվߡ
ˣ˭
ڵʵ
˸໥죬Ǳɵĵ֮һ΢Ц˵ð׷ͬʱĿɿڴû뵽֮غѾһӡ
һǸħˣô˵ĵӣ
ʮ𾪣˾סˡ
׷Ǹǰ֤ưḶ́û뵽ô죬һħ˵ӡ
ѡ
׷ǹֵ
죬λ׷ǵѣλǰڵѣǶΪʦѡ
˵
Ѿ̽Ƕ˵Ϊһ̽飬вЩɻΪʦѣΪô֮
λѣ
󷽷˵ڶͬʱͣ˲䡣
ˣǼǰɣ
΢΢һЦһѾȶȥҲЩƣò֮䣬ԼΪġ
ҲͬʱɽȶУڱƴٶһ㣬˵ķٶԶԶ

ĴЦɽϴȻٶ졣
˵ӵΪǿǣסڣ׷Ƕˡ
а
ɽʱ˽Ѿɽȴˡ
֣ӵΪǿ󣬾ȻȰڵٶȻҪϲ١
׷ǺǺЦ
ԣȴǿɬһЦȻֵѵΪڰ֮ϣûٶȿ졣
λˣħʤһʱգλһᳬħġ
˵
Űڿһ˲䣬зһͻȻתˣȻû׷Ƿִ
ˣλٶȶ죬ͱɵٶ
ԳЦЦ
֮ͬʱǰУһ˲ĹɵǰһС
ʦٶ̫ˣǰ㣡
ǰ
ˣӵʵǿ󣡡
ڷٶȣ
ڣôͻȻʵˣǲ׷Ƕһ
Цʵ
񣡰ǰ̫Դˣ֪ʵôǿ󣬰ھӦѰġ
Ƶ˵
֪ܶڲĶ֣ԶĶ֣ԣҪˡ
ЦŹ
лˣһŬеġ
ڹ˵
һͬǰУΪٶһֱһ
Ƶĵͼ֪Լٶȣֻһʱ䶼ԵִĿĵء
ããУƵһΪûɽ磬ԵΪ


1561 
ԼĪ֮һֱܲķٶȣȻһֱԹ
ҲΪΣֻüԦǰУˣٶȻࡣ
Ƶ˵ٶȽԳԼٶȣںָȻԼ֮ĳطۼ
Ҳ൱һããзУⷴһЩϾΪǿ֮Ϊ飬ԼòСΨֱ˿
Ǽ֮ãп̼ⷴһҪִɽľġ
һ죬һʱͻȻǰӰЩӰȻסԼȥ·
ӷ֮жݳԶԶǰˣȭ˵ηѵ·
һȻһ
һ˵ЦҲͬʱЦ
ѹѾãʱòеս⣺λ;˵أλи㡣
ҲԳˣЦˡ
˿Ц
ǵô
Щŭˣʵ
֪ҵȵݰɣҵȱרããд֮˵ġ
һŮӿ˵
٣ʲôʸٱɣ
֪ҪôߣҪô֮һսǱ˷ɽ׼һս
ʦãȥ¡
Ϊ׵
õģ
ŮӦȻǰ
Ҵ⣬ʹѪΪ۷壬ɽ֮Ͻâӿ֣Ҳʹ
Сӣ㻹ûɽ磬ȻѾڴ˵أǲӦð
Ůƺһ۱㿴ĵϸҲЩơ
ûзΣһȣ
ȻȵϵƷĳԷӿȥ
ףûΪСӻЩŹ֣ʦ֣СӣʦҪˡ
ŮƺȤˣٺЦʦãʦǲսƷ
ȻҵսƷЩԴļһ
дŭ˵ٴǡ
Ůԭڻһ¶֣ɵֶԷƾȻгԼ֮ʱвɴ󾪡
ɱ
һѾǺŮնһ
Ůڼ˷ɽһӭĽ
һ
䣬ڿͬʱɣһȻƾ֮ơ

ŮӾû뵽ûзɽʵ
ಣ
α֮нһԷһΣɽ֮ȻðŰɫĻ潣
Ůӵֵ֮ͻȻּڱƴʵϣԼȻ˶Է١
Ҳˣ
˵֮䣬ٴһȻԷ˹ȥԷΪ֮Ȼ
һԪ
һеķɽڿһ̳Ůӵӭֵ
ʹһԪ˽ս£Խ츳򣬶Էʱһæҡ
УѾռϷ磬һһĹԷǺŮӽֻл֮
ҲɿĴסˣû뵽һδļһǿʵ
ŮŭŷһսȴһԪѹƵġ
ռһƣҲֵ֮ܽ󣬺οʱڽУƸһ㡣
ǺŮԽսԽԽսԽӦûĽʱԽԵǱ
Ǳһӻ˭κβˣʱڴһսʤĶ֣ǲ顣
ͣ
ķɽͬŵĶ߰˺ŮսֱۣŮҲɲҺһΪֱ۱Էк󣬷ž죬ȼ
ŮӲҺ֮ʱһݣһֱŮӸۿһŮܡ
󵨣
һŭһĳ⾹Ȼһźķɽ
ΧκԣԷķɽУɾŮӡ
ߣ
УеķɽȻǰȥһֱŮս׵ķ

ŮӲҽһ徹ȻͬʱɫĻûҲͬһʱ֮Уǵâݺݵĺؿڴ
ﬣ
ֻһɴԼؿڣɴڽսϣս׾ȻҲˡ
ڶԷĹ֮£屻ʮɣǳ֮ȴĿɿڴԭһȻûռٱˣԷƺδˡ
ʦã
һҲЩˣ˲ǺŮӡ
Ѱ·
ȵ˲ʧãã֮С
ǺŮӵӿֳɫ󣬵ĪϨɫ棬ȴô޷
ʦ֣ң
ŮӾֵĽеۿԼķս׾ȻҲǰɫڣԼԴ޲ߡ
ͬʱɽŮӣһʹϵŮӵ֣һŮϵİɫƴ󽵡
һǷŭĺļһб±һɱΪʦñ𡣡
УйŶԷ˵ʵǶԷ˽֮壬ǾԼɱǣҲǵ֮ް취


1562 
ƴˣ̽鲻ҵϢһ塣
аһν͵ĹΧߡ

һŭ徹Ȼͬʱ˲ƣ⵹ҲһԭԷղŹʵ
䣡
ԼĽȻ֮УԷĽնԼĲ䡣
ÿٶȣ
ֻ̾ڶԷɴ£һҵʹսҲ޷ǿĽ
ļһ˱ʦãȥɣ
ߵĻʱԼ˶ԷһȻնͬһطҲɴ󾪡
֮
һնǰһɱĺ⽫ΧĿˡ
ն
ҲŭһķΧĸȻͬʱҵıը
ǰɣ
ֻһǿķӿԪ֮壬оһƬѣΣиɫѪҺ

ߵƲˣڿм˲֮ƹ

һĺֻöԷ಻ϵĽϮԼĲ䣬ԷɱԼ⾹˾
壡
ŭͷ­˲ԶˣһԷֹͣ˹ơ
ĳе䣬ͷ­һ䡣
ʦãʦΪɱ
̽ڿвЦ
ͻȻ䣬徹Ȼһ֣ͷ­˲壬Ҳľ
ŵн崿֮ʱֽͷ­壬ڴ֮תһ²ӣȻνӳһ
㾹Ȼû
૾Ҳ𾪵
ߣ㶼ûΪҪô۸Ḷ۵ġ
Χ̽һûз׷ǵ˵ټвɱ
ಣ
һȻѾΪ֮壬ǽɫϵϳǿߵϢӴڿ΢΢Ĳš
ͬʱ㶣û뵽һߣڴʱ͵ĳ˳ɱ
ʦܣһ֮
ҲЩˣΪԷ˵ǿƺԶԼ֮ϡ
жŭˣȻʩչ屾壬ȻŹˡ
ڻΪʵǰߴھУʱҲѾȫı

ŭһ˫ֻŲýƣӴĽƶʱС
ʱ屾Ҳ˱仯屾ϻû˫֣еķɽնȥ
߾ӭУһӭĽ
¡һ
һ֮£ȻȵڿУȴʮɣһƬ֮ɫ
ߣ
һ̽ԼϾȻռƣһҲԼĶ֡
ʦ֣һ
һ˿˵
Ůˣ˵ԶԶĽս
ȾǱ٣ǾҪѪĴۡ
һͻȻڿ˲ƣʵʩչ
ɱ
ͬʱŭ𣬷Ĺĸ֮
ಣ
ʩչٶȸ֮£Ƕ˵Ĺһ˲䣬Ȼˡ
Сģ
ѵ΢΢˫ۣ뵽ƺõķ״
ã빥ʦã
һ˴ڷ˲ƵĹ켣ԭǳźŮӵķǰ
ŮӾĶͷðеķɽݺնȥ
䣡
ڿ͵һת޴βֱӳǺŮӵ֮ϡ
ŮӱͲα״̬µĶ֣ʱ屾壬ﻹлֵء
һβֱӽŮӵ˰֮⣬˵Ĺʱһڰɫ
α£ʩչĻ棬ǶΪǿȴҲӲ
ಣ
ʱٴ˲ƣѾŮǰ㷽һβ£Ůӱ˸߻أʱѣУǱ޴ˡ
ʩչһǺŮ㹥ȥŮԶܣһƬȻ֮ɫ
һ֮±Ѿʹ˰ɫ棬˲佫ǺŮӵ֣Ů򷢳Ĳҽ֮Ϊ徹Ȼ޷ȻʼڻĹڡ
˸ϵʱרĶԸˣǺŮѾڻΧУҲӲ
ĸ
ٴǿһѾ·һĲ档
һЦӵжֱۣצ£ԷܹԼĸ˵ѵΪԼĸĺܴ
·˷ʱʩչӭ֮һ͵նĲ
ûѡܣƾԷĽԼ壬ȴһ죬ԷȻʮɡ
ãһķ̫ǿˣ
߾еӲƴ㲻ǵѡ
ಣ
һ˲Ѿǰ͵һڻԷ
ܣȴһƬӰԼ
һ˲ƣԱײ˶Էһײ֮Ӵ󣬶ԷֱӱײѪˡ
ȥ
ٴһ޴ͷײԷ߸㣬ֱײ߻أиѪ硣
һûȫ屾Ĺʽ
пЦԼȫҰķʽԼռŵʮЧԼʵҪǿĵˣֻĹŰˡ
ײѾɫɷףеķɽЩסˣ˫֮иǳŨŨĿ־塣
ɣ
аٴ˲ƣȫײķʽԷ
߼ʹɽֵײǣԷ̫ǿ󣬾ȻԼķɽ
·ƴŽαʵʩչҲѹ˵ġ
ϷʵΪǿȴǶҰײ޽⣬ܣȴֲٶȿ졣
Ĵײ֮ʱҧŭ𣬲һΣԲ˲Ƴײô򵥡
˲ײ֮͵һתеԼβϣǿԷʱȴһըԷ޷ɴȻڿз¡ıը
ߵըѳƬֻʣһŽɫڿУߵɻ֮塣


1563 
һڰɫߵ֮˲ܣû뵽鷢ˡ
ߵ֮ո˲Ƴ֣ͻȻΧѾһȦɫ档
ȻҲ˲ƣôܣ
߾ΧĻɢߵ֮Ҳܵ˾޴ѹ

³Ż棬ֱߵ֮ŰΧŷ˲١
α£ʩչİɫ沢Կ֮壬α£ʩչİɫ棬Կ֮Ҳ˸ġ
·˻ڷĹı壬ǵԷɽ֮Թ
Ѿ˶˵ɻ֮һһһˡ
֪ԼĶ֣ȻҪݳõĽơ
ȻһЦ˲չ˲ƣ˷Լ޷ʱжʱ־֡
Ҫ
˾ֵĺֽסɽȴ޷̽鵽˲ƹ켣
¡
ӴɽĴ˵ײ⧲ֻǹҪԼ֮ɢǱǹײĵǰ
ಣ
ٴ˲ƣγʱɫķɽȻն˶Է׼
˻ڷıײ뵽ԷͻȻıģʽ
ڱʩչɽǣΪڱµʵͳԷһֱն˶Է׼
ڽ֮ʱռٴҫİɫ棬澹ڿн˲ƣһ˲䣬˵Ķͬʱʩչİɫ֡
һͷɫľ߰ڿռ֮УϵĻΧ֮壬¶һĨصЦ⡣
ǰ
ŮӾֵĿȵʩչ֮ԿŰɫ档
һʱ֮壬ȴûȫİս֮ɣ׷Ҳ÷ѰԼˡ
ǿԼıģǻԼΣյľء
뵽գ˫ۣȻ֮壬а̾һϧ
еķɽԼٶȳ֮ͬʱնȥڴʱ֮ͬʱҺ
ɾ飬֮Ԫ֮ҲȻԻƣȻԻ潣ָ˵֮塣
˻ǵøղŵ飬ڴʱ˵ļ䣬˲ҺţȴûʵѰɫĻƣûʵɫ֮⡣
ðʱѾûϢÿһ֮嶼ԽֽǧݲֹŰɫУȻǽɫС򣬶ͬɫС
ˣһһݣǱˡ
Ż۳һȻα塣
ƺһ˸֮УŻԶԶ֮⡣
ʱ򲻸óȻ֮壬Ҳ֮ĲȶԣԲŸɵľ롣
Σȥɽ磬һҪСĽв˵֪ҵ屾壬򣬺
аҲ֪׷ˣǱѡԭصȴ
ԼĪһʱǰһӰھǧɴͣסΡ
ʦ㣬㾹Ȼû
ɴ˫۶Ͱ͵˵
죬ôϣʦ
ֻķʵ
ǣ
æ͵ʱǶӰǰ׷Ƕˡ
ˣû°ɣ
ڽŵʵ
һϢд棡
΢Ц˵ʱŷ˶ȵԼ׷ǣƺ˲ֵܳ顣
˵ʵǿôܻΣأ
ڹЦȻûдлָ
֣ǸոյõϢ˷㣬ǣ̸ϻء
׷˵ʱ۾һֱƺ뿴˼


1564 
˷ɣһ֮Ѿƿأڣɽǵ֮ǡ
˵䣬ֵ֮Ѿǰ
лˡǰھͲˡ
ڵһӣһŻѾ˸ǰֻȥȡ֮ʱȴǲҺһ
ڻǵõŻ֮е֮壬Ȼ͵һ븹У¶ϲ֮ɫ
Բŵһۣſһֱӽ֮Ӱɫ븹С
лʦȻԣʲôǻǸлʦһƬ⡣
칰Ц
ֹȻʵɲ⣬׷Ҳˡ
׷΢΢һЦſһŻ֮ͬ屻׷ǵĸС
һʵ治һǿ󡣿ڵΪһ׷ǵʵɲ⣬Ȼʩչİɫ档
аѾĿʼյ֮壬Ȼ׷ȴһЦƺûܵ˿Ӱ졣
Ƿǰأ
Ѿڣ׷Ϊ֣ϾԷʵҲΪҪǿ
ǺǣȷʵһرɣѾ֮塣
׷赭д˵
ʦҲأһŭ֮¾ͽ˸УȻ̻Ѱʦ
쵭Ȼ˵ڴʱƳһ׷ǡ
ĪҲʼϾˣ治֪һ˭
а룬ȻŶЦЦ²˳٣Ǹóˣһͬǰаɣɻٶȡ
ǣٴ̤̣ЩصʧӰ١
һ£˵ִһʮֻգطȻһֱһɻɵУʹȫʶȴҲ̽鲻֮
׷ȴǸûܵӰ죬ǰţмУȻ䵽һ
ĵطУҲҴ⣬һСããĻɫУҲԼʶͨɫ֡
־ʮķУ׷·£ͨɫ
ͨɫ֮ȻããǿգֻƬƺϡˡ
ĵͼ˵ؾıԵشмңԶ·;ķУֻ»Ҫһʱ䡣
ԼããвԿģΪûɽ磬ΪȴѾﵽƿֻڽɽ磬ԼʵɷȻɽ֮·ȴǼңԶĵͼҲԵ
ȴǾȣ˶ԣһʱת˲ţԣңԶ·;Ӱ˵־;У˻ջÿƵ֮ˣɶԷ
ֻƽԼľȻԸᶨĿ괦ǰľﵽž޲ʱһĻٴγԺ֮С
һķϵϣȻϵľʹ󣬶ʹܱߣȴûκػ
ͻȻ˿УŸָͬĻ棬Ȼֳһͨн·ͼ
׷ɻͣסΣҲɲǼͷ˲ԵͻȻڿС
ȵطʱѾĲԶʱĶ
׼˵ȴ׷һƣǣ콫Ҫ˵Ļʻ˶
֮¶һصЦ⣬ܣȻ֪ԼҪǰη
ɻ쾹Щ˵ʦô£ôͻȻͲˣѵ㲻ȥɽˣ
죡
һۣĺǳ
СӲŸñ졣
ŭһ·ϱ֮֮ȥˣͱһӻ
ڴ͸ǻɵĿռʱоԼǰһڲ֮ǰͻȻ֪һЩԼš
ʮƽ죬ѾµһЩ飬Ǿһʱ䣬ļѾ𽥿ʼˡ
ˣɣ
ڵȵһ֮ɫ
ħҲСӣ㴳뱾ħõĽƣ˱ħ±ħͻȻʧȥ䡣㾹Ȼð䱾ħʦ⵨ΪĳСӣѰ·
ŭ˲֣Ǳ㽫һǶƺҲûвֵɡ
ˣ˵𣿡
ڽŵʵ
ٺ٣ɴǽ֮УѾʧȥ䣬ͬһһ㹥ɣǱɻ飬ֻµʱ㱻ɱԣɾһѡ
ٺЦʱ˿̣еǲ졣
ˣҲ̫ˣѹֱôҲ벻ףôͻȻһʵǿħͽܡǣôԵĻԣôأ
ڻӶˣЩš
ĻʱһĻ̺ڲѣ֪ˣԼӦɱ
ǸƭӡħĵͼѾƭȥѹ֪ǰ磬ԭȡ˱ħĵͼСӣƭħһΪ˸۵ġ
ЩŤһź̾Ȼ֮иֳȥΪ졣


1565 
ôû֮ǰҲǲ֪ǰ磿
׷ǶʵͻȻԼҲƭˡ
ǵģ
òϡ
ô˵˵ԼԶɽ磬ҲǼٻ뱾ɽͬУʵΪ㲻ʶ·
׷ǼʵͻȻЩŭû뵽ԼҲƭˡ
ǵģҲԶɽ磬ԣҪţҲûа취
΢ЦĻشһ
ˣƭǶҪŵùˡ
ڿЦΪԼѾΪɱҲζԼҲһ
ڣҲƭˡΪԶ֮ϣǣȻΪǸ
׷Ǻ˵ðڵԭأŵĺϲ£뵽ԼҲᱻƭˣһǱƭҵһ
ˣƭңǲǣ
ڷӦʵ
ǵģҲƭ㣬ʵҸûΪǿ󡣡
ϵͻȻоЩ׷ǴʱԼԼô޷졣
Ϊħƭĺܲңû뵽ڣɵϱƭĸҡڣһɱʬΣó
ߺ޵ɱҲо˾޴ѹ
죬򲻿ɱɱҲꡣȵҵѪģɱ١
̿˵
ߣڣƾʵøĿڳƱħΪǰħɱ˭ɱ˭Ҫͨ㡣
ĿЦһҲûڷУڴʱ֪ԼȻѾΪһϵϣһһپ١
죬ҪɱңҲҪúÿˣɱңգͬв˰סһ£ҵ츳Ƿɽ磬㻹ҵĶ𣿡
η֮⣬Ȼһĺǳ졣
ŭɽߣһɱԷ˵Ļȴֲò˼һ
һﻹδΪǿ󣬾Ȼɱӵ֮ˡɽ磬ʵֻԶԶҪҡ
˼ţȴǲòɱðķա
Ѫģ֮𽫲졣
ڷߺ޵ĺ
ڣƾ㣬Ҳв٣ٱ죬򣬱һУɡҪˣ㷢Ѫĵġ
һ仰ֱðʱ޷аǿӲֻѰ·
׵ѣҶ֣
׷ǣеǲҶΪΪҲû̽
˼һ
׷Цʵ
ȴԥһ˲䣬˷ԣôͱɱ򽫺
׵ѵ˼أ
ûôɵǶԷ̬ԼǾԲܱ̬
λѾ֪ͨˣɱңֻԶҲ޷硣
Ųæ˵
ɣȡĵͼǱħģҪ˶ãħָȫ䣬ʱ򣬱ħԻ᷵ħ硣
ŭĺȵ
˵㱿㻹šⲻҪܹȫָ䣬㻹ὫҪ˵ȫʯ֮ߣָȫ䣬ƾƬյ˽⣬ִܵħ𣿿£ֻһΰˣִܵħ磬ôһߵչأǣֻһԭ򡣡
̬˵
ʲôԭ򣿡
鲻ԽĽӿڵ
ԭǣǸ׳գ
˻һıףγɽСӣ㵨ħħɱ㲻ɡ
ߣٸոշһطдͨĽݾѽɱ˱٣ȻԶı֮ˡ
Це˵޾Էв
ĵʶ治һ㣬ѵĲɱ㣿ɱ㣬ԱɵΪǵֵס
׷ҡͷЦжԽ˽ˣܾƺ׼˵һ
ܺãȻ׵Ѳ֣Ǳħ㣡
һȻѾʩչ˲֮
˲ʱƤûգһ£ڴʱ׷ǵķɽ
׵ѣʲô˼
û뵽׷ǾȻֹԼȥɱеּŭ
㲻ɱҲ
׷ɫƽ˵ƳһвɸпԼǲֱأ
׵ѣ㷽ſɴӦ˲ֻ֣˵
켱ˣΪѾɱԼԺӿɾͲùˡ
ɺӦˣֻ˵һȴˣû˵Ǹ׳գ
׷ǵҲ¶һĨĪЦ⣬ץˡ
ãҪǱħһɱˡ
ŭǣǿҵɱ⽫ȫ֡
ɳɱ£ѾɼĲţγǱڶԷľɱ£Ҳܵ˾޴ѹϵıȻƽ
ñɹĿ࿴ǾȻ˼ᶨշǰ;
׷̾
лǰ佱²ʤҡ


1566 
סѹǿ˵׷ǵĳƺڲ֪иı䡣
Ƴһвѣû뵽ԼǾȻûһ߼ᶨҪǴȥԼûˡ
Ȼ׷ǣʱһֵĸо·һоڶԷƿ֮С
ʹȫʱ׷ǾȻȻ޶ɫֻǵһӣڵα㳯Զȥ
һεĿȴǲ׷ǿ˽
ಣ
ʩչ˲֮Ҫ˲ɱɾڴʱ׷ǵҲʧ֮С
¶΢ЦͲµ׷ʵ˳ǿߣΪ֮ϣֻҪԸԼһԾȵ˵ġ
Լ֮ԶѣΪãã棬ЩԣԼֻͱɱ
ͬʱ˲֮󣬾ȻһڿУһǽĳһ
㾹Ȼôǿ󣬲
쾪ֽӵĺԼ˲֮󣬶ԷҲѾ˲ƣԷƺȫԼ˲ƹ켣Ȼһ˲ƱѾԼ
ʱ׷һصЦ⣬һֻȴ죬һľ־ɥлŷɽȴûй׷ǡ
ǰɣ׷ǵΪҲ̫̬˰ɣȻҲӵžʵ
𾪣֮ǰҲµ׷ǿԴ죬ȴû뵽Ȼռݾʵơ
ҲɵˣĿ׷ǿƵץ죬ľɥҲðҲѣǵƭԼֻԼѾ׷֮֡
֪
µ̾
ǰ
ĵѾµ˼ԼҲûãǳ˸ͷ
ʲôɱ㣡ɣԺҪڱǰ
׷ǵȻ˵ϵķ졣
Ƶ첻סˣԶ׷Ǻ󣬲ɳлȻ޺޵ĶһۣЦħСһ㣬䵽ħУħƱҪãܡ
ߣ죬ӦҪСһ㣬űٻδϽԶ˵أ򣬱ٷ֮ԺҲȤǰ׷ɱ㡣
ЦԷɱԼ´αֻбԼɱķݡ
ŭּҪ˵ȴ׷һ㱻Ƶ
ಣ
ٶ˵أ׷ЦЦ
лǰ֮лᣬһᱨǰġ
Ĺֵлһĳֿ飬׷Ҳɰһ
С츳ǿǰ󣬿Ժɽ罫һأ˷Ҳɶ̫Ӧýύ
׷˼ţȻ΢΢һЦ̫ˣһ·ΪԵ໥աţֵûɱ죬ֻǾӦֵ֣ܻгһ쿴ɱأ
ڳɵˣû뵽׷Ƕ̬Ⱦ˿ΪҪǿĶ࣬ƺΪ֡
ֿˣģˮ֮ӿȪ౨ֵжֵԵ𡣡
л˵Ҳ׷ǿ׷ĹЦ
ӴЦðڸи̾˵޳ܣȶЦ֮׷ȥʵ֣֪ôðأһֵ֮ɱˡ
Ҫǰ
ھֵĵԷǳ֣˲ɱԼʵ̫ˡ
֣˵ɱɱ˵
׷Ц˷νǸӡ
Һúÿһ¡
һ仰ðڵ֪ԼȴĽп־塣
ˣҰɣڲ
ڼҪˡ
ڣ㲻õģʱദҷıʲԣǲɱġ
Ц˵
һæֵл
أ
⼸ðڵ溦±ɱ
ȽѪģǰҲǲѶΪ֮ĪҪ֡
֣׼ڵѪʱͻȻһ㣬˵ˣҪѪģڶĵģԲұѣڣһ˵
ô㻹ҪҵˣҪףҵʵԶѷ㡣
ɻʵ
ף˷ģ¾ڣ˵츳Ƿɽ磬һΪɽǿߣǿߣ˰ʮĸ
ڼ˵Ϊʵǿ׷ҲмӣԼȻǿһˡ
ðɣֻҪ㲻ڣҲν
Ц˵
ҲһɵЦ׷ҲЩˣԼһ뷨Ƕδ
ֵǻ䣬ֵʵѰ
׷ǹ˵ⷬǹά֮ԣΪѾʮ
ǰ㣡Ҵ˵ľֻͺʬˡȴĻһ룬ʵ̫ˡǰһԼƭˣǻͷһ룬ұƵ̫ˡ
Ҳ޲ڵ˵Ȼһ㶼ΪƭԼ
ٺ٣蹧άˡǰΪʵЩʣҲûа취飡ҿûкǶ֮⡣Ǹ죬ʱұһȭ裬֣ԣҶƭͽܣûаֲ


1567 
ٺЦͻȻԼƺһжûദԸӰȫֻǣԼҪ׷ǣϾҲͨɫ
׷ڷ׷׵ͷһᣬʱ׷ǲſʵ֣ǰԣ˵д󣬲֪Ƿ棿
ǧȷ
˵꣬һѾһȥ
׷ͬʱϣھԼĪһķкڵִһС͵
ǽɵģİɫ˽֮ƾż俪ʼѰǴ֮
֮Ѱһɽ¶Ц⣬ΪɽӦ֤ԺеǴ档

˵֮ɽ
׷ô벻Ϊ֪طд󣬱ϾֻһߣҲ̸ϡ
ɽ֮ᳵ·ĳǰɶݣúŵĶԽȡ
ڣִɽʱ޴Ĵǰ
󼸺һģһԳְɫ󻹷һһİâ
̫ˣȻǴ󣡡
׷Ǽϲ˵˫۶Ǵ󣬼Ʋ
ڿԷˡ
ڼĺ
ڣҿǰɽ磬Ҫȥ磬ǾҪֵˡ
ѵ
Ҫһߣȥ磬Ҿȥ磬ȥɽ磬Ҳȥɽ硣
ڸϽ˵
ףȻһģһ֪ͨη
׷ɻ˵
פͬʱҫŰ׹⣬Ȼ⴫󾿾ͨδȴö֪
ǰѡĸأ
ڽӿڵһãȻĵǰ
վڴǰϬĹ۲ı仯ܿ죬ӿֵĳİ׹һ˳仯
мĴҫ׹ߵıҫ׹⣬ұߵĴ
֮⣬ûκεֱʾҲжϡ
һܵĸоͨĴ·ߣӦģӦһӦһǽ˴Ҳִĵص㡣
۲һûеõʲôõϢǱɽⲽʼԸֲͬĽǶ۲
һģһ޷жͨη
׷ǽ̽һ飬ڿЦ˵
ǰǣҲû̽кҲ󲢷֮ͨ
̾Щʧ䡣
֣Ƿ񿴳Щߣ
׷Цʵ
ʱһ񡣲⴫һݾҵӦڴ˴ϸ۲죬ȡŪ߷ֱͨδ
ƽ˵ƺȤ
ðɣǾڴ˵оɣ
׷ǵͷ˵Ȼڴϥ˫ĿǴ
ҲסеʧʼɽѰκοɵ˿
֣ɽⲽǽɽĲֹ۲һ飬Ȼ̽ɽºۼһϸ۲ѾȷõģΪ֮ǰĺۼ
ʱţ˽߾ȫоǰһҲΪһϸСʧ
һ󣬰ڳ̾һһ̽飬ȴûзͨδ
׷ǣΪǿĶ࣬ȴҲֲһģһĴ
Ȼ¶һصЦ⣬ȼϣ
Ƿз֣
׷ǹʵ
һĹ۲죬ѾЩߡû´мĴͨɽ磬ߵͨ磬ұߵͨħ硣
˵
˴ϲ׷ǽʵ֪ƾεóۣⷬ
Ȼһģһʵϣ֮Ҳȣҫʱ䲻һ£ΣЩҫİ׹壬ǴӲͬĽǶȿҲᷢ׹ӿ֮ʱʵ򹹳˵֡мǵ׹дɽ֣ţǿԻǶȹ۲һ
΢Ц˵
˻ȻƵģԶǶȹ۲󣬺֤ܿ˵
ֹ۲΢ֵʵڲ
׷Щε˵
һΣҲðˣλãҲóȻ롣Ҳ֪⴫Ǻ޽ģ֪ǱǷ׼ȷǱʹֻԶĿĵء

׷Ƕ˱˵һһ㶵ģ뵽ѡһ󻹻н
ҰһᣬһǵǲǼٵġ
˵꣬ϥ˫ĿգȻ˲״̬С
׷ھ㵵Ķһۣ˴ʱﻹС㣬оΪˡ
ν㣬޷յԤֻ֮Ԥ̫֮İգΪԤ֮ʱʱ顣
ǰ֮ʱ֮Ԥ⵽˴ĴҲЩ˼飬·һڤڤ֮עһ㣬ǣԤ֮Уһֽܷ
ΪԤ֮׼ȷԣѾʼľ״̬£ľΪƽͣƽ͵ľ£Ԥ֮顣


1568 
һʱʱ䣬Ԥһ飬Լ򵥵Ԥκһ֮顣
ЩԤĻԾԵģһǲģЩԤ⻭棬ǿһʺԼľ
˫Ѿ⣬׷Ƕ򾲾Ӷѡȷĵ·
ûƲ˵صı־ǴġڣҽұߵĴ󡣡
ָұߵĴ˵
˴һΪݴʾϢұߵĴͨħġ
˵ҪĿɽ磬ȥħ磬ֻ»˴֮֡
ˣ·ͨħأ
ڳɵʵ
һпԶУһҵѡҵѡҲϧ
¶֮ɫɢżᶨĹâ
ֻܵͷʾһͬðգ԰ڶԣȥκεطû̫
׷ȴԥˣ˷ԼĿıֻһǾǷɽ磬֮⣬Ŀĵء
ʱ׷ǲ֪ǸŴѶϢǸ֮Եԥ
ˣʱȣھҪǰˣ˭һͬǰ
˶ʵ
ˣҽһͬǰ
ҧ˵
֣ɷֵ˼һֵܲð̫ķգΪħɽȥԶѡǽûлͷ֮·
׷Ȼ˵
õģѡɣһ
Ļ䣬αѾұߵĴС
ˣȵҡ
ڶط綼ûʲôȤˣдҪ׷Ŀɽ
ಣ
Ҳ룬ʱ˵֣ڣ
֣ڣ
׷Ǳȭ˵ȴ¶ɬЦ⡣
ģһ˲İ׹ʱǰ׹⽫ڵͬʱΧ׹⾹ǲͣϢԽԽǿİ׹ס˶ˡ
ԶһεĴ֣ʱԼ忪ʼڿתȻֻõһȦɫĹâ
׹֮оԼһ˵壬ĺڰ֮Уڰֹһ㡣
ʱоЩģƺйɴ뽫Լ´һ㣬Ҳоһڵĵǡ
ڣ
׼˵ȴ¡֮Ǳ㽫⻰˺С
עܿŹȥġ
ɱ˫Ŀڴʱʼľ²վıȽˡ
֪˶ãҲƬ̣Ҳһʱһʱ䣬֮ڴ֮ʧ˷УͬʱҲʧȥʱС
һɾ޴ʱŷԼѾĿĵء
Ȼһɽ֮䣬ǹɴͻϮӲڵײ¡
ЩѣεĴʱŷָղŵǴȻѾʧˡ
ʲôûУûκεԼһ봫İڣʱȴڴ˴
ЩǱĴɽʯ֮ȻһΧȺɽͻȻһϲ˵ؾȻгƬĸߴľζŴ˵ӵŨϢ

³һ֮ʱڵȻתаΧĿ̽һ󣬾ϲķִ˵صȻȾŨĵطҪŨ
Ũ֮УҲпϲĿǰΪԣЩǿ˲֪Ҫ˶٣ǷǳΪġ
ΧĻ̽һ󣬷طԼʶ˻һ㣬̽鵽ķΧ˰ٱֹ
Ҳ֪ڱ͵ˣ
ܣ룬ѰһطŨУǲǼֱ˷ѡ
ɽȾɽҪߴ󣬻Ǹƣʹʶ̽飬Ҳ̽鲻ɽжߡ
оԼĵطӦɽŸڲԶһĺǺӦǳɽȵش
µĻ֮УһҲд󣬸³çĿ
ǣͽѰһɽȻɽУ򵥵ĲƺȲĿʼ
ΧŨֱڹ࣬£ܿУڵȫתٶ֮ٱھҪʮֹ
ǰããкķ˲ʱ䣬ǶʱڣΪûжٽʱֲʱʧ
£ڱչ֮ȫ֮УΧӿڣ֮ɽ֮еѾݽˡ
õĽ֮⣬Ũĳɽӿ룬ͬһ̰ĺӰ˱ţ̡
ţҹ棬ؼʱ̣ɽӿɽ֮С
֪ȥ˶ãڵѾǿ״̬ȥЩƺҲѾ޷Ѹա
һĨĻߣ˷츳ٴǣٴﵽ˰ٱϵ츳ߵΪȥѾһˡ
Ȼ⿪˽ƣɽ֮ȻѾʮֵϡͬھ֮


1569 
֪˴ﲻɽɣ
ԳЦЦȻʼɽ·Ϸɶݡ
Ӵɽ壬ҲֱУǱɽһֱǰ
һֱǰн죬Լûִɽһ·֮ҲûһߣҲûһ
ﵽʲôطôأ˳ԣôȱأ
ɻѣȴֻӳн
ںķʮʱڵɽɽԼֱͬϡ
νɽʵƣ˼ɾԽԼǲɽ硣
Ǹ׷ھͺˣҶɽʲô֪ھ㵽ɽ磬Լʵأ
ɻѣƬɽҲûκһˡ
˵ص⻷Ӱʶ̽飬ɽ֮ϣҲ֪ΧǺ
ֻðˡ
ʹ֮廯ΪһֻȻ㳯ɽ·ȥ
֮УһֻһУһʱЩɵˡ
ԭǰĴɽɽҪС
ǰĴɽ죬̽鲻жߡ
ķٶʵ̫ˣðһհɣ
뵽ݳ˷죬ȻԦ쿪ʼֱ߳ϿշУڷʱΧƲѾʧ
һҲ̫Ӵˡ
ԼûзɹǾ޴ɽ壬ܣԼ·Ȼɽ֮С
ҪݵߵʱͻȻоײһӴϡ
䣡
ܸоƵʮǿ󣬲ȻԼ͸ؽơ
˵ؾ˲ýƣôһڴػ
о裬̼ٳ߿ճȥ
ף
һԶţ˾һ㡣
ͣϷУΧɽ֮ߣֱҲЩ
ָɽҪ𣿡
ˣҲ֪Լһʲôط
ˣȻҴɵĵ̣
ϵ˷ȻʮӰһȻ˷Χ
ǰɣʮˣ
ץˣڿΧЩεĳһ
һʮΣȻγһضͽΧסʮγһģһһݵһۣһֵɷĸо
òϣɫҫĹʣʮͬʱΧס
ʱֹͣУȴδӷ֮жݳΪȷԼܷԿɷˣԼǶ֣ǾֻܼԦѸٵĳ롣
ϣķҪˡ
߼˷죬˫۾Ȼӿֳ̰ľâвһȫ졣
쳯ϿշʱȴǵָһЦץ졣
ʮΣȻظһģһĶʮֻҲͬʱץȥ
òпߵΪǿΪʮÿӵгԼʵ
ã
ڶԷ£쾹ȻҲ˿УǹɴȻֹ˷С
ʱҲڷߵʮ֮УֻһǱ壬ʮֻ֮
ߵĴڿоȻŴʮֱֹӽץУ¶һصЦ⡣
˷Զţʵԣ
߿ϲȡǷͻȻодһĸо
ʹ
һ㶣ȻķЦԴߵ˵غ󣬲֪ж겻֪ʹĸоˡ
ŷ죬Ҫ룬УѾûɷɽһ״Ƿļ˴ߵġ
˭ڿƷһ
߶ſ˵
㣬ﻹ
аǲݳ죬ǷʹԷƿء
쳣ǿ󣬼Դ͸һнƣֻһȴǱһֻסˣѾԼ³ߵΪ죬ԲԼԶԸ˵ġ
߼û˻شǱ˫֣ǷҲȻ֮УƺѪһҲ⡣
ಣ
ͻȻһöɫָŹӵ֣д󾪣ûв´Ӧƴ֮ķԼԷ˽ָУֻԼҪѣǸ¡
֮壡
͵ı仯壬һȴڷ֮б仯ŷ죬ǶԷʵ죬ȴҲ޷͸ӷ졣
¡
͵Ǵ߰Ծȣ͵ķǷǴֹ̱֮ˡ
ͣ
Ѫû뵽ԷΪǿ󵽸ŷ죬㽫Լ屾ɱˡ
츳ı仯СҲ汻Էһ֮ɱ屾塣
屾Ҳѹ֮󣬷ɢҫĹâȫԦ£ٴҫĹâͬըĹâһ財
Ҳ΢΢˫ۣ𾪵еķҫ۵Ĺâ
ͣ
һƿ󣬷쾹Ȼ͸߷ʺƣҲʹֻ㶵ĿԼ֡


1570 
ߵֻЩѪһѪȥȴǺˡ
ôܣ⵽ʲôȻԴ͸ɵ
˵ʮͬʱڿг˼״
һΪ̫̬ˡ
Ƿ촩͸ߵƣȴҲ˸˼Ĵۡ
֮壬ȫʹǿ֮£Ҳ˸ǳǿķЧ
͸ߵƺѪһƬѣΣ˹ȥ
ಣ
ٶȴﵽһµļֵʱﻹҴ⣬޲˵ء
߳մһͣڿк΢ģȫĴ߶ǰ
˰СʱΧɽͷƺѾϡɼˣаϲֻҪӵɽͷӦò׷
׼ı䷽ɽʱͻȻһ֮ΧĿռж˲ϵĻ
ಣ
ߵʮξȻٴƾճ֣ǽΧס
ߵٶȾȻ֮죬ʱҲ룬ͣߵһӰȥ
ʮͬʱƣʱָоһɾֹ˷ǰ
ⷨҪˡ
ЦĻ֣һɹɰɫĹâ֣Ҳץ񣬶ԷȻʹ˽ơ
һ壬ȴ޷߲õĽƣвɰ
ҽҲʵ̫ˣ
г̾һΪ屾Ҳ˲ᣬǱ㻯Ϊα壬ǷҲΪȱǿάϵʱɢĹâҲ˲١
ķɵ̫ˡ
߿ЦһӣǷ㵽˽ָռ֮С
߷غ󣬽ǷȡһȻָҪѪ
ҵģȥ
а
ãξѪ
ţߵѪ󣬹÷׹ʢȻǵѪպ󣬷ٴ
һϲһû뵽ⷨȻ˹죬һѪ޷
ǵɴ˫ۣû뵽ԼȻһ̬Ķ֣ߵһѪ̺ԼһܻӦ
ɽ֮УԼĪһ꣬ȴǻߵһѪá
Ѫڷϣ޷Ǳڷ֮УѾǷǿ븹УΪ̫ǿֻԻ֮סգȴһ죬顣
ɻĶŷ죬ôҲϲʲôʵķû뵽вš
챦Ȼ޷ѱҲ
߶ŷ죬ȻһϲɫϾⷨѾԼˣҲֻǳ顣
ڷ֮аϲ߼ѪԼһΪҲûʵӳߵġ
ǣƷ죬÷첻ϵ⣬оâӿ֡
һ˼ǺҲΪⷨǿģǱٴεѪ
ڶѪǷЩ仯󣬽ȥٴˣиΪԻˡ
ɲɽףǱɵġ
˵仰󣬱㽫ٴζ롮䡯Уǽ䣬ָ֮ϡ
ߵĶѪаϲʼ˷֮С
Ҫȱչ࣬һµʱ䣬㽫ߵĶѪˡ
ȻִΪƿˡ
Լ츳ƺֹͣˣյҲǿķԼΪû̫ǿĸĹۡ
ұӳȥлΪ֪׷һҲͲôˡаתһ룺һ׷ǵʵǿȴҲߵʵǿ󡣡
Ǹ㲻⵽ʲôط˵ɽ磬ȴôо񣬿ǣ˵ﲻɽ磬ôǿأ
ڵõ֮󣬿ʼÿ춼ῴһ£ȴһҲῴһأǡø׼ܵĻᡣ
챻߲ƣÿһƶʮǿıʵ֮ܳ⡣
Ȼ屾Ԧ죬ȴһƴ֮ġ
ΪĴԽԽ٣ҲʱóߵĽơ
ֻ˰ʱ߲õĵһƣϢһ󣬵ڶ˵ڶơ
Ϊƣ۵ѪƱƺĥ
˶Էƣһȥʱ䣬ȴŻָԭеʵ
ƺһ̽飬ȵ˵ΧĿռֱһر⣬ķ鵤ҩС
ĿЩȴǲжΪ˭Ҳ֪ЩϹġ
ڹ۲һʱʼЩҩ⣬һ䣬ȻŸָҩһطǽ˹ӣϰ֮ࡣ
ôãôҲҪֻһˣˣŪҩɣ
ϣıǿʵԼѳ߲õĽƣƬռҲԳȥ
Ĺ۲죬⼸һϰߣк뽫һжռΪС
ãȴҪȥܣ


1571 
аס飬ʼԿռеķһо
ףȻС
۲쵽ǷײһģĶвɿϲ
ڣһΰ಻סˣСĴӷжݳȻվԭһΨֻᱻ֪
ٶȣ̬Ƚȡ
ಣ
һʱ֮УȻż齫ʶ֮̽С
ۣ
оһѶѸٵԺи֣ʮַḻȻɽĻܡ
ڽѶϢȫѾ֪Լ֮زɽ磬ǴɽΧش
ѹҪɽ磬ԭڷɽʵʮٱǧ
̾
һѾ֪˷ɽ磬ЩνֻǺһĿ飬Ҷߵİʮ֮ޡ
ɽ֮֮ݼأɽ֮У֮Ũ̶Ƚϣ֮ٱǿһٱֹ
ֻҪ߷ɽ磬ɽѰһطʵ˲ΪȻߵ츳ҲһĹϵ
ߵ츳ԽãԽɽܵõĺôҲԽ֮࣬ĺôһ߷ĺô
Ǿǣ߷ɽֻҪŨ֮Уʵ̥ǰʵһԵģҲص˵
ȻЩ˵ֻһţҲ˶죬ڿЩ˵г˿ϲǿϲ
ڽеݿ֮ʼԼβԼΪ
ɽ磬ǽɽʹ죬ɽ֮Ҫһ츳ԡ츳Խɽʹߵ̬ȣ츳һ㣬һǽͨɡ
ͨɽУӵԼһƬأؾ൱һ֮Խ֮ԳĵطչΪյ֮ڵϵҲתڵȫתΪ֮ΪҲ
Ȼ츳㹻ǿлɽĴɡڴ֮УлȪȪһݣڵѸٵתΪ֮һлʹǿҩȻõһ֮ĵطչһʱΪЧҲԽá
ֻж츳ȽǱɣɵĴǴҪϲ٣ȴҪԶԶǿͨɵġ
ڣ½󲿷ҩΪһɽ磬츳ҲԽſ룬Ҳɢһ;
гţ˷ԼɲɽģĪ˵ɽʹߣڵʲôطҲŪס
Լ֮䣬Ըо˵زɽ磬ȴɽ粻Զ
Ǹһﲻ֪ʲôˣǷǷǳǿķֻͱɱһˡ
а룬ǰѾռ֮еƷ۲飬ʱѾЩˡ
һͨˣָбҩɿһ˿ߡոշߣϴ裬ȻŨ֮ǾõĴˡ
˷ǲ̫뿪˵ˣΪռжҩкüмصĸ߼ҩǿ̷ֱġ
⣬ռһ䣬һƬȫ׵壬Щƺе֮ʮơ
СĽӽͻȻܵһǿǺ֮䣬оһǿůӿļ䡣
ಣ
ʮɣв֮ô£֪ǷЩɵȪ
˵ؾɽҲ֪жԶҲ֪ʲôʱӳ˵ƿءҽڵתΪΪҲԴﵽɳڵʵɣ
֪ͨ߷ɽֻҪڵתΪҲԴﵽڵΪ
ڵ֮ɣѾﵽɾŵΪԼǽתΪΪٻﵽɳڡ
ɳڵΪӳ˵صĿҲԽ󡣡
˼ţջ¶ðһԡ
ֻҪҾͶ֮УȻðգһԽתΪҲһˡ
ЩҩһᣬڿʼһźɫС
ҩɹ̺һ֮塣
Щҩ
һƺδ˷֣ǣһݣԼܻõɹȫժһա
ڣһɲݣ룬ҲЩɲݶݽ֮С
͵ǼһĴ۰ɣ
˵ȻߵɫĽ䴦
̤֮󣬺ȻȪˮʱѾȪˮ֮С
оһɹǿ֮Լڲӿ룬Ѿ֮ٶҲе𾪡
ˣ
Ȫˮ֮зһ壬ֻȪˮȻʮֹ죬·ͲһϵˮȻϵӿֳɫ塣
ȪˮȻ֮ҺʽǴ˵ӦһƷȪ


1572 
оϲѣΪеõѶϢȪҲǷΪٵȼģ¶ԣΪƷȪƷȪƷȪȼ֮⣬һǳ֮ΪȪõȪǶȪഫɽ磬Ҳϡȱ֮ҪɽЩ֮С
֮вûм˵ݣǸ֪ʶҲֻжȪƷȪ
ȪζҲ֪һһΪ֣һռ֮Ȼ֮ͨµۻЩ֮ὥγȪڶȻȪĵط֮ԶȪ
֮£γɵȪֵҪԶԶǰߣڹ۲һ󣬷ԼȪпȻȪ
ʼзţ֮ﵽٱٶȷתҲòעʼе֪ʶڹ£ڵʽһγ׵ת
Ȫе֮޾˾½Ҳɽ
Χ֮ʱԺоȻԶֳһͼЩȻɽ׶ι⹦ǰ˴ͬС죬ϸ΢Ųͬı仯ѡ
ģоԼԪ֮Ҳڷű仯֮İΧ£Ԫ֮徹ȻҲڷ֮
Ѿȫ״̬УڵתɵĽš
£תΪ˵ĲУһʱ֮Ҳʱš
֪˶ã˫ۣӿֳЦ⡣
֮̽£ԼڵѾȫתΪ֮֮гӯųڵĻҲ˺֮
еѶϢ̽ԼΪԼΪȻɳڡ
û뵽ܾôѣӳٷ󣬾ȻҲֻɳڡ
ǰʧԲŲ²ԼɳΪĴﵽΪȴʧѡ
ʱȪѾǳ˲٣ǰԽݵıǼ⴦ʱֻļ粿
㣬Ȫеֻ֮ɲ
ȻΧ֮֮ŷ֣ԼٶѾָٶȣھʱٶȸ
ٶȣǲָģңʱпܷԼ쳣Ϊ
˶̫֮˷ˡ
Χ֮ȴ᲻˾ȥʱͻȻ뵽һ취
ಣ
仯屾壬屾ѹģֻδС
Ҫֱ״̬µΪ屾ΪҲӦ
ţڵʱͻȻоΧ֮ȻԸٶӿ֮С
ܺãǾα彫Ȫһհɣ
аϲٴγڷ֮УٶȻָȪѾԼϥǴ
ΪκԼڵ࣬ȴȻͣɳΪƺɽÿһҪ
ʦ˵ҷٿԴﵽʵ⵽ô£˶֮ȴҲֻɳڵΪҲڵΪڵΪǿ󡣡
ɻѣٴ̽еʱкһԭȻԼ̫ļˡ
мأ߷ɽȪнתֻеһѣڴ֮󣬻мҪɣ򣬾޷Ϊˡ
йڷɽϸĿһ飬кеѶϢҲδȫȷ
ȪнתԿ϶ԼʹﵽɳڵΪȻеļأȴ˵Ȫתֻһ裬߸϶ƾֱӳΪˡ
룬Լһؼ⣬е˼Ϊ˵ı׼ӦòֹΪﵽɳڣҪԪ֮ȫתΪ֮塣
˻һξ롣
ԳЦЦӷԼԪ֮ƺֻתһ룬ûȫתΪ֮塣
ڸνԪ֮תΪ֮壬вδأҲЩ޴֣Ϊƺ޷Ԫ֮峯֮ת
ӵ֮󣬽ӵз
еݣƺʲôһŵɷݳڡ
ǰɣ
ǾŵɷȻھ֮ʱ࣬ңŵɷڻ
ĪҪڵҲתΪ֮
ԥһ˲䣬ȴǸоЩ޴֡
ɣȽת˵ҲֻȪ֮еޣܷ񽫾ŵɷȫתأ
ЩɵĴȪе֮֮Ѿʼ˶ɷת
һɷתϺһɷյʮޣԶԶﲻյôࡣ
ﲻݾŵɷͬʱתľ磬һɷתϺŽ֮뱾塣


1573 
֮ɷֻɷʵﵽԭеİٱʵȴҲ籾ʵǿ
ںϵһɷԼڵҲڷӣɷƺѾȫڱ֮УУȻ˱Ϊӡ
ܺãˣںϾŵɷҵΪٴδǡ
΢Ц˵ںɷͻȻԼΪѾˣȻﵽڵΪ
ںϰ˵ɷѾоԼﵽڵĶ׶Σƺʱпٴν
Ȫƺʣ޼ȪˮѾǳĽףԼɷȫʧһ㡣
ĪǵΪ˺ɷѾȫڣ
оɲΰ룬ڿʼԼһɷ
ھɷɱʧͻ֮ɣ
ŵھɷЩڴ˵
ںϵھɷ֮ʱоһӴڷУҲʼת
ȫԵھɷں֮䡣
䣬һʶˣǾض£ڵһΪΪģƺû˵֮Ϊڤڤ֮Уעġ

鲻Խľһֻ嶼Ҫըһ㣬ﵽɺڵ󣬲ֹڵתҲڷű仯
ڵƺ޴ڣһжǹƿأĸо崫쳣ʹĸоеѪƺҪӴűˣӴֱ֮Уʼ첢ķ
һʹĹʱ־ҵʹʹιȥ
ȴһֱڿϲУΪʮԼ˵ζĺôҲɹİʹ
ɳڣʦû˵ҹȻﵽڵΪ
˷ܵĺֻԼѾ̥ǣƺѾΪһˡ
ףڻԪ֮壬ôתΪ֮أ
ͻȻЩյ˵ٴλеѶϢǣǽеѶϢԵ޷֪νԪ֮תΪ֮塣
ʱ˷֮еЩҩɹǶݳһɫޣͨ巢ɹ
˹ֽгеļأ˹ɹеʮЧҪ˵ʵģһǲΪ
ʱǽԪ֮תΪ֮壬ȴ䷨ǱɹǷǿԼΪ
ǳڼһ֮ζҲɻζǱ㽫̷
̷ڵֿʼȪеЩ֮ٴγԼзӿ롣
ǰɣշڵٶȣҸղžӦ÷õġ
аǱϥƾԼȪеǳҲڿʼת
ʱǳĴ󲿷ȻԪ֮Զ⵹аԳ档
Ԫ֮ɳ֮ʱԼԪ֮Ҳ˱仯ԭɫ״̬Ȼʼɫת
һųԪ֮ɺȪе֮Ҳʧ
ĪԪ֮תΪ֮壿
ɻ뵽֮лкüöвɰԾϲ
ٴ̷һ󣬷Ԫ֮תȴоڵһ㣬תȴ޷յ֮
ȪƺѾݽˣԼɫҲɢˣڴʱһɾҵʹٴδ֮д
ãȻԪɣ
д󾪣ֻһͷĿѣǳƺ޷Ԫ֮ɣڷУȴղ
Ԫɣǹɡ
Ȼ˵Ȼæղռɲݣɹȫݳ
һʱ䣬Ȫ֮гǿ׼̷ЩɹɲʱͻȻǰɹɲͻȻȫڿн塣
ʲô
㶵ſнήɲݣЩɹԼٶȸɱˡ
ץһʱӾȻֻʣͰ͵ƤĹʵƺҲһ㡣
̽ԵҧһڣȻӾȻɬɬģԼǰ̷ʱȫһ
ؼǣѾʧȥԭеȻͨûһ˿
ɹʱȫһģɸɱģɹɲݣڶࡣ
ԪɵЧԽоѣΣΧĿռʧȥȫ֮ȻҲʧص״̬Ȼתš
˫طɵЧץѣһκòײŵõôôʱȴҪһ
Ҳ֪յĺֻǾͷĿѣͬըĻҩͰ
ǰɣĪҪԲУ
̲סĺ˫ĳֳѪһƬоҪ֮ʱͻȻɫȻӿֳȪ֮ˮ
޾֮·


1574 
ֻΧЩ֮ܿ㽫Լ֣ĹУʹһֱӰΣΪõϣԣǵʹ࣬пϲ
ʱ˿̣ѾµЩɹɲݣⲢûʧǱȪ˲
ܹȡȪƷȪĳڷУԪ֮˷Ѿʼ˿ٵתĳ֮ת
һ̣Ԫ֮ȫתΪ֮ٶȴǵûͣͣԸٶ
֮ɹתҲڷת֮ĺôڵȻʼ˷䣬Ϊͬһ͵Ŀǡ
ﵽڵΪΪԼܹΪˣ˭֪һвδͣס֮岻ϵڵ֮תڵǡ
ɺڣҲ޷ƽɽ磬ÿһӶǳĻǶҪ޷ܵŬԼĻԵȴ֮󣬲ǸոշΪѾﵽɺڡ
ȻȻǾͷܹоԼ޾һ㣬ΪɺڵĶ̡
ڣоʶɲǼӣָоһڵٴδﵽһϲĽ׶Ρ
֮ӦǱɳڵľˣûǴѾﵽɵΪˡ
ЦڵڷУֱȪе֮һա
֮ɽҲԳ֮Ϊмˣû뵽ε֮áЩɶʹߣҵǣˡ
аϸ۲Ȫ󣬷Ѿȫݽˣ֮Ҳδػָǰ֮
лȪˣοҪѪˡٺ٣˭Ҫ̰أҲøۡ
ٺЦΪķʱĵҲ֮ӡ
ռ֮л࿴ȥǿޱȵķǰûȴΪԼΪ̫ˡ
Ѿ಻סҪЩˣȻҲ֪Լֻ̽Щȴܹ֮ռС
ҪռУǱҪɱȪˣõôĺôһȻǰ͡
һ㣬˵û̫ӡڿռԥһǷԭзȫռݵ뷨
ôҲһˣǲ̫̰þգ
¶صЦ⣬Ȼ֮С
䣡
߷ԼеĽָһƬâţǽӱ㷢һ¡
ô
߾ڽָը˲䣬͵ĺˣˣ߻Ǹоһǿɣ֮Ҳܵ˲
ۣ
һѪоŭû뵽ԼĴ﷨Ե޹ʵıըˡ
﷨ը󣬸ķӿз䣬ٴһмҪˣæʩչǬЩջء
ٷֱӱڣЩ̫࣬ȫڣ֮ʱԷӰ죬ԲŽڶ෨Ǵָ֮С
Ե޹ʵķը׷ʲô飡
˫һܣȻ󶨶Ŀһ
ʩչָһ˲䣬̽ɫ״̬طټ
ֻʱЦһԭԷǷ˷ټ
ϷƷȪ
ͻȻһ˵ңҲһ㶡
߷ȪȻûһ˿֮־ۣһнֻһʼ
ɹɲݣҩ
߿ȴûз˵֮ĺۼ㺿
찡ҵﰡ
߱һȻһʱݺᣬȻӲ۽ǡ
ǰɣʧأҲڿ޵İ
кҲ֪Ƿ˷ټֻŶԷϵĿڵС
أҲûˣ
˫ȭؿڣڿֱǲҪǮ·䡣
ܲˣ޵ôģһԵľˡ
аȻ͵ĺһôˣʲô
ţֳͣס˿ɻĶŷ졣
˭
߾ʵ
ң˵֮С
˵
飿
𾪵ʵ
飬һߡŶǣһˡ
͵ԼõǸЩĲ̡
ˣԭˡ
˵˴𰸣ȻһתƺѾµ˷顣
ѣʵڲ˼ʹȪŪЩҲǹģǸԲĻҪɣģһ
ĵǸ
ԣϵˮٴλָɷģȴһ仰Ҳ˵
õģѾǸˣܣҲûа취һסһ죬һᲹġ
˵仰󣬱׼뿪
ѴԲӣ
ͻȻ˵
Ը꣡
ͣס˽ߵͷ
Ϸ򷽲ŲԣϷ˼⡣Ϸ֪֮ˣбһΪηѣˣǰ֪ѾǱǾԲỹռ㷨ġ
ˣ֮ӣԻǴסһȪ꣬ǻӯЩҩݣڱҲ㲻ʲôҲӦ÷ˣɽ֮Уɻطֲ
߸ոͣ£ȴʣѣɽﻹأҲȥιһ
ط̣
һȻ֪ǱЦǲ˵ܣ⡣˵ıǾûбҪˣ
ôˬ
нŽɣֲںδҲ޷ǿЦϧԷƺˡ
̫ˣʵڶѵƷѡ
˵Ȼ׼뿪
ããɽ磬Ƕթ֮ڴ˽䣬㵹赣ĶթȻʶǱԵ֡Ե֣ѲһڴˣŶɾƣҲɽ°
˵󣬼˵ѿɲҪСƵЩɾƣЩɾǿ˵ΪģңѾʮ֮áϧϷ޶ۣҲΪ
оƺȣΪ
лߵĿֲ֣ƺŶԷʵֻɳڡ
ǸʱһǸոշߣԾʵǿڵΪҲ㲻ΪǿˡֻɳڣҲԶԶҵΪǿҿǴﵽɳڵľ硣
˼һûо¼Է
ˣѻ飬ǱҲͲˡԱɣҪ¶ˣ첻ݣ
ӰһΣѾһ̳ơ
ͣڷ֮УȴЩɣԼþ˶ԷȪе֮һЩɹɲȫˣԷƽϾѾȲˣǶԷԼȾƣһѵǸʥ˲ɣ
˵Լ֮ѵɱ˶ᱦ
гһԽɶԷͼǱģôܻͬʥһأ
ǲҪȥĺãһ˳ƭҳ
뵽ɷһˬʵЦѵĺ⣬ˣɻҪȸˡ
ԣһ˫֮о¶˼Ĺâ
Сӣɸң㾹Ȼ˱ɷӵ̫ˡ
ԭı˲תΪ֮ɫ˫֮иӿֳǿҵɱ⡣
ȻϣһղƭҳȥȻû𡣡
аȥЦ֪»˵ãҲûκβˡɱɣɶ㷨쾭顣
߱һ۴Уԭ˲Ť
СӣΪû취ǵȰץס㣬ȻʬΣãܣó
߶ݺݵ˵ʱȻ̳һ
ļһͼŭɣɾͲ㵽ˡ
˵һ쵱һȫ£ٶȱǰʮֹ
һգ۵ĹѾߵ֮⡣
ǰٷɶݵͬʱȴȷԷǷѾ׷Ϊ֮УӰԼʶ̽鷶Χ
ԼĪƬ֮ѾһɽĶ壬ваԣֻҪɹɽ壬ӦþѾĵطˡ
Ҫִɽ֮ʱͻȻһӰɽ֮ϣӰȻǰߡ
Сӣ޷Ӳɵġ
߰ȻЦ
д󾪣ΪԼǴ߶ȫٷУԷٶȴԶԼ֮ϣԼƾΪУٶ񲻱ȶԷҪϸࡣ
ȻٶԶҲӻɶԷΪΪԼĵͣٶôҲ̬ɣ
¸ղˣԸµٶΪΪ
Ȼ˵
ɣ̫СƱˡǰʱѾΪˡ
ƺΪЦЦȻЦЦҲɰ
ôƬռĵһ˾δҲ̫˰ɣ
аȴѾ׼ǿͻ֮ķ
ಣ
쳯֮ķɶݣٶ֮죬ѾﵽܿƵļޡ
ڵʱ䣬ȥҲѾˣȻ嵲ס˷ķɶݷ

аһԦŷײϡ
䣡
һıըߵ徹Ȼ˼ӲԷײԷȴҲûȫ͸Է塣
ۣ
ߵ㱻ײ˰֮ңܵɾȻһѪ
һμѪˣСӣ
˵һ׾ʳָȻ󻺻ĲǵѪѪͻһͷ˵Ұһ㡣
ٺ٣»ǵסⷨײһΣ
˵ȴһܣΪԷײĹУһǿɻ޷ܵ£ȻҲ˽ɫѪҺ
ֻԷڰҲԷ޷˵ļ󣬲ɲԷֱӵײˣֱԲеΪ


1575 
һγѪΪǴεѪ飬ѾǵγѪˣɱǣΪó·
СӵΪչ֮죬ɵ֮⡣жôǿΪ춼޷ϷԽ
һٴεסķҲƲѣţֵ߽ĳȴԼˣɽǷֵԼأ
뵽вӿһ⣬ߵΪ治һǿ
Ȼ㲻·Ǳɾͺƴˡ
зݣԻȥˣղҲѾԷײѪײȥҲǶܾ˵ľ档
ɣɺþûˣ˵ĸоΣ
Цоһ
ƴˣ
аٴβٿطԼٶȳߵȥ
Ŀ֮£ǰС屶ϣҷļ˵ķ̶ڷɽ֮ϡ
Ҳע⵽Ƿı仯ȴƺ⣬ʱٴȥֵǰ
һ
һεײȷһθΪǿңΪٵ£ܹͷųǿĳԷʱ״ͬɽļֱӴ˶Է֮С
ڱըüѪڷ֮ҡ
ͣ
ߵƺҲǿȥҲѪǱײǧ֮ң
ȻǸñǱɻô˱ɱƬ֮ء
ߵĿЦƺͲںԼƣˡ
һײļѾڣǼ͸壬ڷĳºǧ֮ң
ԼҲ˲ᣬǰĶҲܵ˺ܴӰ졣
һһڿУļ֮УȴǲŭЦƺѪҺ̼еԡ
߾Ȼ˫ֽ챧סһЦҲʱǰҲɣҪ˳ߵ壬ߵ˫ȴͬһǿ̽ס
һһ̬
аʱ˿ȴǰľʧȥƿ
һʵٴ˱ԷƵĵزҲţȻʼǣһߵǰˡ
ʱ˿̣޲öݳ죬Ȼһնɱߣߵı̬ΪǾԲ˳嶯顣
˫ֱŷ죬Ȼʼɽн䣬ֻŶԷΪ
㾿˭
ŭĺ
СɵŶûȻҴ˵أѰ·
߿Ц
ѵŶұ𣿡
ʱ֪ԷݣȻܸõжĿǰʽ
˼򵥵ļԱûáСȱԼš
ȻЦš
಻סҪˣһȴǰסˣвգҲ
ĸУδţ
߶ŷ죬ЦݹŹֵ˵
ߣ
ԼļڴʱȫʧȥЧǱһԷˡ
СӣҪǲӵģΪ㴳ĵطΣաµû˵⴦طĵһ
ߺٺЦ
Ȼ˵ʱûָƣ׼޸Ȼ˵ء
ƾǧ㳰ȴʼһԲͻûߵĻ
ʱһԼҲûʲô˼Ҳ˳Ĭ
ҾͲţ÷һֱУȻ󲻶ϵıŷ졣
аѾָȻ㰲ĵȴ׼Ѱʱ
˭֪߻ʽڿУһһЦ⣬ȡһ̳ɾʱ޻˵ˡ
ʱߵһݶѣһ֮У߾ͱƣڿʹƣҪˡ
ڷ֮У޷һߡҪôҪɱңҲӰɣȥҿɺĲ𡣡
Ȼһ£֮˷ʱ䣬Աһεĥ
ʱһһţһֱȴţߵɾƺ޾һ㣬Ȼһ̳һ̳
޵мį
ڳ̾һ̧ͷգȻŽĿڷ֮ϡ
ⷨ˼Ȼı仯״


1576 
ߺٺЦȻ˫ַȻ֮а˳
ˡ
Ѿ˺ܾã߷֮ȫ쳯ǰУƺҲûϵȻɿ˷졣
Ӱ
ŭţǱȫӳٶȿĲ˼飬ܿӵɽ֮
ಣ
ߵֳɽޱȣղſɸû߸ʱôͻȻɽأ
ôٶ𣿡
Щɵ˵һȥ
ǣǴɽۣȻվһˣȻߣҲĿɿڴ
ܣ˲ƣҲôٶȣһߵķ
аοţȻ͵ĳǰȥ
߾ȻٴֵҲ˶ˣֱǰһĻһȴûʲô취
ӵĺ𣿱ɾú˼磬Ժ󾭳ӣץ㣬Σ
ߺǺЦţȻȻͬƽ챧ţ֮㽵ɽ¡
еˣȵɽ֮ͻȻԭеĵطվһˡ
һģһҲһԭߵķΪҲʮǿ
СӣԺӣҪŴ㣡ɹӵʮɲҪɽǺױץġ
ߴ˻һе
ʮÿԼǿߵΪҲﵽ˽֮
ף˵ӵʮı
ͻȻ뵽⣬˵ԼǰĽָҲķӵУʵֱǱ̬
뵽ҲʵǰʮıǸΪǿ󣿡
ףСӣôͻȻˣƱǰûĶ
ߵ٩
ǰô˵ǰʵɲ⣬Զ¿ԴܣȻǰУǾɣ
Ц˵ʵϣ֪ӵʮǿķѾʲôӳȥϣ
ԼôŬҲԼôӣӳߵУǲܵġ
СӹģܺãǾʶϷı塣
߹Ц֮ʮѾȫ룬ʮΧһȦӣʱҲûɵߵΧ
ߣȥɵı壡
ߵʮͬʱ˵ȻһȻͬʱʩչ˲ơ
𾪵ǣڶԷ˲ƵʱԼȻҲ˲ˣΪÿһνڶԷİΧȦС
Ƭ̣ԼѾɽ֮Լ·ɲĺ֮С
˲ƽܸ֮оԼһֱ³֮ãӵͻȻһ
봫ǰľ󵱼仯ˣ۴Ȼһ޴Ŀռ䣬ǰһûʵĹ
˹յĴоȻһ˯
СӣϷıڴ˴
߹Ц
ȥǱ֮һˣ
ȻһСӣѵı壿
Ȼѡ
Сӣˡ
˵СȻӱա
СԼĪ߰ӣһĳۣƤȴǽɫģ˿ͬһķ
¼ǰ塣
æ˵
дȻҲֱ֮
Сͯȳȣ֮ҲһƬ֮С
ʲô˼
в²ţΪһ㶼ƺɣϷƵģҲȱҪձ顣

СٴκȵȻһֻС֣ڿбȻһɫķġ
ɫķСڿлɣǽɫĳ֮ѹʱоһɿֲѹƺҪ춼Ҫѹ
ǿʵ
ֻҲǷѹʮܣֲǽɫƺ޾Ľ͸֮С
ǽʱŷԼֱuͬһ㡣
һ˲䣬Զ壬ֻѾǿֲĽ˲ɱˡ
ˣЩȻڷ֮УҲڿо£塣
ͻȻһ֮Ƿ֮дȻȴ쳣
֮󣬷ͻȻ˲ָԭе״Ƿ֮еĽҲ˲䵯ɳȥ
¡¡
ټĹȻ˲䱻䴩˶֮죬ߵıҲһ

һȻڷ֮оۺα塣
ܣѾҪͻһؾ磬ô޷ƷССķأ
С˵˫ɨ죬򰲰ڵϣ·ղŵһΪ޹ء
Сӣ֣Ͳˡ
߱ȵҲһ뵽ԶĹܣǱǿš
ȥ϶ȫ޻֮ڷ֮жţȻЩ裬ȴǻԱȫȱȫԺлᱨģܶԷôǿ󡣡
ҧ˵Ǳڷ֮в֡

߱Цһʳָڿ͵һָʱһɽ߱㳯ȥ


1577 
䣡
챻ķɽγɵĽδ֮Уȴһɾ޴˷֮ϡ

ҲɲҽһԷ㹥޷ֱ˺ԼȴǿͨǷ˺Լ
һ֮£ʱоոճ͵֮嶼Щɢˣ㱻ıը
䣡
ߵı岻ģһߣڶεҪˣԼ֮徹Ȼ˲ѿ
ͣ£
һʱѾ֪ˣԼ֮屻ȫ飬ǽζԼ
Ȼװ֮УߵıǷһЦȻֹͣ˼
ಣ
˲ӷ֮жݳȴһĲ԰ףǳ֮֮塣
Сӣ¡
߱ͻȻȵѾ͸ݡ
Ȼʵɽ缸߷塣
Ƶţȴǲδ¡
Сӣǲǲ£
߱Ϸʰ˵֮оȻһ֮ɫ
عĸȷ죬ҲǵأǸĸԵҪ㣡
ʵԷжôǿҲԼĹڵء
Сӣ죬ǵأ㸸ĸǱ򡣡
߱Ļӻ̸֣оһǿԼѹ
ȥXģ쵰
ֻ˫һʹԼƴȫȴǷ˫Ѿ޽ӽ˵档
ಣ
ͻȻһɫķɽԷһ㶣ΪҪ
򣡡
һеķɽ͵ĳ˫նȥһǺ֮£˫ͬʱϵ嵱˵ڵء
ɫѪҺߣ
߱循˫̰ĹâǽɫѪҺв֪Щʲô
ҪɱɱαضʡҾƴҲҪһս
ֳַɽأڿС
Ϊ˲¹򣬾ȻԶ˫ȣ̫Сˡʧȥ˫ȣ뱾һսĪǿ
߱ʵ
ߣսҲĻš
һУǶȥ˫ѸٵνһߵıҲһһ㶵ġ
Сӵ츳
߱˵
ಣ
ĵȵԷȳУԼֻһ˿ᶼûУǱһ˲仯屾塣
һͷԼĪʮҵĽɫڿУ߱ʱһϵ֮Ҳڴʱɢȥ
壡
ߵıʮȻͬʱ֮ߵı壬Ȼ˲˵˹һǡ
ߣ
һ׼ƴһս˭֪Լ仯屾󣬶Էȴˡ
ߵı徹ȻڽɪɪⷬҲд󾪣Լлӹ˽ˡ
壬ôܰ伮ϼأɽ֮ʱɽ֮ʱѵҪ𣿲һ塣
ߵı˵ƺαֱܵĺ¡
ٷϻҪսս
ʱȵҲԴܶԷû˿ģôơ
ΪôôС
ߵı̽һͻȻֶԷΪֻ֮ɵΪ
ԣһαѹҲܵģ޷ֻŻԷˣǶԷ־ᶨֻ¿ɱԼ
ߵı岢ûǰһȴʼƽ
һﻹ
аα£ҲаսʤԷķ֮塣
ǵӽȴ΢΢һЦʱɢǿơ
Ҳһȫƣȴܿ췢Լȫ˾С
űһԭֻǸСɫ
ߵǵ˵һУȻҪС
ƼˣҾԱ
ĺ
Ա
ߵķһ㶣ȻЦСӣ㿪ʲôЦڱǰΪɵԱ𣿲ţԡ
νı̼вɷߺĪȴ᳢ķʽ
豾ɣ壬÷Ŵһ㡣
в
ߵķһ㶣˫зŭвģݺݵĵһۣȴǽ˻ȥ
ߵıʱǰһ̽󣬺Цƭңɽ֮Уֻа֮壬Ϊݡͷ籨ڵŰɣ
֮壬ʲô
ɷʵ
ʲô֮嶼֪
ߵı𾪵˵
ЩãҡҡͷʵѾв³˰֮ĺ⣬ֻʱ˿̣Լһߣ޷סԷǱɡ
ˣα壬ܲ
ߵıڰ˵ƺܵη屾塣
һԼҪƺֻܽˣǵƴʵԼĶ֡
ǣα壬Բվڴ֮Уն콣ȥмơ


1578 
㾿壬ǰ֮壿
ߵı忪ʵǰࡣ
Ȼشңţ
ξǿһ㣬˷Ϊʵ
ߵı㶣ȻЦźܼ򵥣ֱǱ֡
𣿺ÿ֣˵˿ˣѵĴ֮ÿվڴ֮𣿡
Ȼ˵
޳ܵļһھȻԿԾˡ
аʱڶԷ£ȴֲǿĵˡ
ѣ룡
һƣͻȻһλһǰ
߶ʮһֱϣȻǰӣôƲ˶û䱸أ
Уеġ
΢΢Цһм˳׼˵֮
ǰ֮¶΢΢Ц⣬Цѣţ±ͻȻɱ㣿
ɱңܺãֻҪ㲻¸ۣʱɱңҲʱӭ
ŵһЦЦȴаȡ
ãȴǸͿԷʲôΪԷ̫ƽˣͿʲô
ܺãû뵽㾹Ȼǰ̽㣬е֮ѲҪ̫⡣Ͼɽǿʳ֮أǰǴھԵǿߵλԲſԶȡ
Ȼ˵ȻҲı⣬ǲϧðŵľ棬ҲҪɱΪԱ𲻾
𻰷һ䣬ȴûзϵĲۼвɰ̾ԼֵļһǲԼ֮¡
ȻһЦƤûգһ£㶨˶ԷȻ𼶱ˣǲǿ󱳾ĵˡ
Է򶨣еԽȣ˵صļһﵽʲôǿı
ɽҲǿʳ֮أǰΪҲƽϡҵıҲûʲô˵ġֻ㣬ɱңɱ֮һҲãҲգ˵
˵ƺѾ˶Է˼
ĥһôöԷʮֿɣӵнɫѪҺǰ壬ҲֻмǿӵСңԶԷղչֵα壬Ǳ֮Աġ
ڱ֮ǿߣҲûȴûиܵĪѹ
ѵǸˬˣǰв֮ĪҪƽϡ𿴣ѾǿıʱȴǴڱɱΧڡνԶˮȲ˽ѵ֪𣿡
ЦɵȴҲֵ̫ԣϾԷԼƿš
Բӣ𣬶ֻﵽ֮ΪԣֻһСɱСȻԸԸ⣬ھɱңǲԸ⣬ñ̼ҡ̫Ҿͻѡʯ֮;
ն˵һļ֮ɫƺѾ¶˾ġ
һЦȴǻɶԷǷʯ١
Σ˵еɱҲܵıҲ̫ԩˡ
뵽ѾעⲻȶԷǿĵˡ
ðɣɱҲû̫Ȥǰ˱Ȫƻ˲׼ô⳥أ磬𣿡
̽Ե˵
Ǻǣ¼˵̫ⷬûķˡһȪùӣһѿݲݣҲ
һ𵱼ŭ𣬲ȴԷ˵Ҫ죬ҲԸ㡣
ãҪ
вһϲΪⷨɱȪ֮ˣܹöԷ͸ԼԼҲƾⷨɱɽ硣
㲢߱ѪɵѪˣԸ㣬Ҳ޸ܡ
ﲻݣ仰ǿҵķ߿
ãô׶ŭأǱԷǣűߡ
ʱʡȻƽľŻ˵ԳУǰȻӦˣǾҪж⿪ⷨϵҪѪˣǲǱ㻹㣬ǿԵѪ˷Ǳˡ
һΪ
˵֮ʱȴ¶һĨصЦ⣬Ҳϴڵ¼̳е̸
˵Ѫǲܵ顣
ʮ㣬ǵѪϵǷʱ仯״ȻڿлΪһɫ״塣
ƽ飬ȴǰ಻סеļе̰֮ɫһš
ѣȻ⽫ⷨ뱾ǱͲˡ
ȭ˵Ȼһ֣ΪɽǷȴǷ쾹ȻԼͷŵķ
ǰɣĪڷûΪǿ󣿡
ɴ˫ۣû뵽쾹Ȼܵٻ


1579 
ⷨȻڲͬ
޵ԴԼŵΡ
ΪҪոһȥ׾ٵ顣
˵
Ƿ쿴һͻȻһȻǷ˲ƶ
˲֮ʱǷ쾹ȻҲڿʧ
ʱΪ޷̽˲ƹ켣Ƿ˲ƹ켣ͬ޷̽顣
д󾪣û뵽˲ƵٶȾȻԼ֮£Ǳڿ˲ƣҪץס졣
ʮϢ֮ЩǱĳڿУǷǰɴҡ
ʵȻǿٶȲڷ֮°
Цſ˵ڷ̶Է
ߣͲˣ򣡡
һξȻǷͬʱʧڿУһΣ֪˲ơ
ųƿԴ͸һнƣ֪ǷԴ͸Ľأ
ɻţȷŷû˵´͸Ľơ
ûã͵һ쾹ȻĽơ
ǰԶţͷ·гȴһ֮ɫ
͸ⷨѵһ
̾Ѿ϶Ϊɽķܹƾ˵͸⼸ǲܵ顣

һ˲䣬ȻЦˣû뵽쾹Ȼǿ󣬿ϧԼΪͼѪֱЩûˡ
ϧ޷ӽѪˡ
вʵ˵ʱҲԽΪӵļһôƽȥ
ĪҪʧ˿ķϣҾͰһСæһεѪĻᡣ
Ц˵
лѣʤм
ȭ˵ʱֻѪһжԺ

˵΢һ֣Ƿ̷˹Ȼͣġ
죬λҪѪܾˣһԣ֮󣬾ͻĵġ
ںһ˵Ƿһ֮Ȼȥ
ӵʶ
˵Ƿ쵽ǰæʳָָǷ졣
һѪϷ죬ǵѪȴڷı޷֮С
ŵĿʼ߶Ƿʡ
ֻŬǵѪȴʼ޷֮С
֪ǷԼӣʵûлὫѪڷ֮ϡ
ԽԽ죬ǵѪȻĻƷתţģǵѪȻҲȾһƬΡ
ǰɣƺֵסˣѵĻᱻѪ
ĵţⷨԷռˣǾȫԼĹ
һģҲһ޷ġ
иԼǣǵѪƺѾȫ˷֮УƲѡ

ͻȻһЦΪѾɹǷʱͻȻ쾹ȻҲٵڿתԼǵѪ򽥽ĸ˷档
ܺã
аʱѾȫǺˮ
䣡
ǵѪȻڷı汬ըˣڿȫһӶҪɳۿ
ƫаգ
зݣʳָ֮оȻһѪߣѪֱϮǷ죬û˲ƶ㿪
ҲаͲո죡
˵
μֱǴѪһѪ߳ϢɢڵѪҺٴʱѪѾȫ֡
ŨѪζڴ֮Уһõķϣ챻ԷѪ
ŨѪ֮к˫ҲβסĵϲɫȻȴǵѪﲻϵ߶
ԼĪƬ֮ãǷѾһƬѪ죬ʱȻܵϵвпϲ
࣬ɹˡѣǶлˣͱ
ĿЦҲЩɣĪıԷոˡ
ܣ㲻ո졣
ʮֿ϶˵
Ǳ֤㿴
˵󣬵һ֣Ƿ쾹ȻȥҲһ
ô
һѽǷģȻ󰮲ֵĶǰ
ͻȻȵŴͣеķ쾹ȻٴתǷת֮еѪȻͬʱ
ⲻܣ
ǽѪ׷ڿзը֮Ǵ˿С
æܣܵĶ˽䴦ʱը
һѪۣеķָԭеɫıȿ޻Ҫѿ
ಣ
ͻȻڿб任壬ҲסˣǷ仯徹Ȼα壬ͷααҪʮֹ


1580 
ûľҪĴ
һ֮䣬ʱо׹ѣӿݵ⡣
˲ֻһҶȡ
ǾȻ˵һ仰ȴо˵Ϥ
ⲻڵ¼̳ͷԳҵĸףǸ㲻ΪʲôʱͻȻ֡
ɻޱȡ
ڼ˿еľбеޱȵĿֻţǾ˵֮Ҳ޷ԼĿ־塣
䡭
徹Ȼˤ¿УȻ̱ڵأʮȫſڵأҳ
ǰ֪ˣǰ
ֻöԷϵķһԼĽϢԷ˵ĻÿһֶôԼ֮塣
ߣ
һһɱĺ㽫ȫ֡
Լ֮徹ȻҲϵĲڶԷѹ£ﻹս˼
ǰ֪ˡ
͵ĳ¿ͷ
ĸоȴȫͬͷʱԼȴܵһݵиУѪڵָо
ô
ͷûаη壬ֵʵ
ӣΪǷ֮Уǲֻ֣ϵѪҺ죬Ϊɲû巨ӣҪף岢ǿ֮ֻΪƳɵķΪ̫ˣŬɣΪط塣
ɫ̬ʮֺͰЦ֮Ǵ֮ɫ
ˣһŬġ
ͷ˵ȫɵˣû뵽ǿľƺΪӣ֪ǾȻǸӹϵ
үôô޴ΪʲôҪǿߣǿ˵ǿڣΪʲô̰ȡķⲻѰ·𣿡
һ˲ڵӶˣǽɫʵӣһΪ̫ҪҪΪһѣ⼴㲻Ϊı壬Ҳ׾ٵɱ
Ҫ֣ȾңҪɱҰ
ŴﵽΪԸⱻһͷɱʱġ
һۣȴʱͬһڵأЩſڵһоǿ־֮ɫ
ûֵļһҲе𣿡
б𣬲Ҳ֪ԼΪҪ㣬ĿǰǸܵġ
ˣҲǹҪȡ巨ҸԵġξһˡ
һһٵ˵
ã
˻һǽɫ徹ȻʧڿУ˲ʧӰ٣ƺûһ㡣
쾲ڿУȴǾ̧ͷ۲һȻ׵Ĵӵ
л־֮ʤм
ȭ˵Ȼ
ѾУŲ
΢΢һЦ
ţǺʵġ
æ˵һղŵȻ¡
㻹Ѫ𣿡
ʵ
ԲңǷķ˸ӵС
ĻҲЩһǿʱҲǸʮث֡
ȻˣǱپȥѪˡ
ЦЦ΢һ֣ǷѾǰ
һѪ֮ϣǷѾ仯Ȼ仯һ֧״ӵķȻͷϡ
֣ǰǲѾˣ
ʱѾܲĪѹˣʵ
ѾˣˣôҲǸôƵڵأ
ĵ˵
ǣ˵ǣ
æ˵ӵ˫ȻЩ
𣬿ɷķȫȡҿ۽磬ˣЩҲһ򵥵˵ȫöóɣ
ٺЦ
ƣȴǲҲӡ
ʮӵеķȫչʾҲȫɵˣﾹȻǧķȪҲʮ֮࣬Щɲݣҩɹʤ
⿴пϵģȥɣ
ıڱϣ󷽵˵
ͷϸĹ۲˵صķȤıῪѯʣҲʱش
˶ķǰȴֻһѯʣòϻشҲЩˡ
ʲô˼Ī뽫ЩȫŪߣҲ̫̰˰ɣ
ʮֵشҲЩˡ
Щ˵ĻܣԽǿķԽףˣȫߣ𼸺
ʱ䣬Ѿķȫ˽һЩֳУҲѧ˲ٶ
뵣ģЩɣ
Ļشˣȫû뵽ѡ֮ãķ˼ʱԼ⣬ȴһҲҪ
֣㻹ѡɣ򣬱Щ˼ˡ


1581 
ε˵
ҿҾȫҪˣǲ
Ц˵
д󾪣ЩȴǵͷȻҪǱֻʹˡ
ˣЩһδˣ̫˷ˣ
Ц˵
˵ʲô㻹δɽ磿
Ļˣô۲Ҳûзɽӡ
ٴ̽ΪʱѾﵽɳڵľ硣
һûзɽ˻ﵽɳڵΪ𣿡
˵
ﲻɽɣ
ʵ
㶵ʲôط֪ȻҴ룬治һĵ
Ȼǡ˻˽ɽսʧܺ˵ģҲһսаܸǸˣ㵽˴˵ءôȥˣȻֻڵΪǸˣ˵Ѿﵽȵ۳ڡҲһҲ޷뿪˵ˡ
˵˵ű¶һĵ飬Ҳһһ㶵ģȻɽսʧܻᱻŵ˵أҲ̫ˡ
𣬼Ȼﲻɽ磬һδ̤ɽ磬ǲǲɽأ
Цʵ
㻹ṳ̂ɽ磿ʲôʱ򵽴˵صģǰģ
ʵ
ʵԾݴ½һ·ããѰɽ磬ԵɺѰһȻ͵⴦طм˰ɡ
Ц
ˣ㵽״˵ʱʲôΪ
д˾ȡ
ɾŵ
شȴı徹Ȼͨһڵء
Ҳ˵Ȫתϵںɷ֮壿
ӵƺƽʱһֹްȴǳĿɿڴ֮ɫ
ǵģⶼͣһ治ܳɡ
ٺЦ
ǣմӾݷ˵أô֪תû˽£ôЩġ
𼤶ʵ
ˣǷĽָһҾǸѶϢųɵġ
ȻһЦ⡣
үѶϢȫ㾹ȻԼˣݺɽ磬ûˡֱǸеš
𺳵˵ȻϿ¿Ȼ󲻶ϵĵͷЦ
ôˣ㵽Ϊ
ʵΪԷԼͬһ
֮ˣԤ⣬ĵɽ罫ҳһš֮һٴﵽɳΪģϷôҲʮ
ٺЦ
ʮҲ̫˰ɣ
ҡͷЦ
ɲҴ㡣˵ʮѳһڴܴﵽɳڵģ㣬ȴһˣʹﵽΪ֮£Ǳ󰡣
𼤶˵
Σʲôϵ
˵
֣ϣܴӦһæ
Щ˼˵
ʲôæ˵˵İﲻ˵ľԲæ
ûһڴӦҲûһڻؾ
ɱһˣ
ͻȻ˵ȻԳƱˡ
˭
ֻʳһ֡
ʡ
𼸺ҧȵ
ʣѵܵʣ
һ㶣˲ްøС
ʲôˣһ㡣
ʵ
˼գΪײޱȣΪɲ⣬ΪײУΪǿɽռһ磬ųĴɵ֮һ
˵ͻȻͣһᡣ
ɵۼĸ֣ҲɳڣҪҰɱȵۣ˼˵
˵һӵԼʵã޲õɱ
֣㲻Ҫ٣֮æȻδɾͲ֮¡
ЦĽ͵Ȼı⡣
û̸ǲӦҪġҪɱɱ֮ģû⣬ɼģҲǣȥǾûŵġ
˵
֣֪㿴ƣҲʮƣǰɣ
ͻȻ˵
ȥ˭㳤ƣ׽
ͻȻɶԷǲ֮ãæ˳ɡ
һ˲䣬ȻԳЦûòӢһ㣬ڲ䡣ɽ֣
һ㶣֪ԷҪ˵ʲôɽôᵽ塣
Ҫ˵ʲôһ˵꣬ҪŪ顣
£嶼У΢΢۾ڱĿ
԰꣡Ҳû뷨ɽһΪģռݵĵʵֹķ֮һɽǿ߸㲻ŽᣬǱΪ飬ˣɽĵԽԽ󡣰ڴ˵أȥϵɽ磬ȴֻ㡣ʼ̣Ĳͬˣĵ˲أȻ㽫˸


1582 
һ˵һֱ˵һʱֹ˵Ļɽħ
ﾺǿ棡ʴŲ棬ǿʳĽǶǲûд
ʮֵ˵
Բ֣Ҳ֪֮ͨвϣⶼʵȻʵˣǵϰȫͬǵĳҲܴԣɽеࡣɽǿȴЩΪΪҵɽ֮ܣ
ޱȵ˵
ԣȥսʣȴܸȻԣ޷֮ǰԶҲݳ˵أ
˵
ɴ۾ȴǿЦһûгϣȴҲûзԡ
޷޷ȥȥоҰɱ֮ܶĸ˶ԹҼȷʦŵӣҲˣΪҪɱԣæҰﲻˡ
ʱһڻؾˡ
ҵˣЩˡԣһҪӦҵˣ
˵֮䣬ȻͨһȥȻ
һΣ޹أıȴЩŭһȻΪ֮˽˶ԹԼȥɱһɵۣⲻЦ
ߣ֪СӸ֮ˣôܳ඼أ
ɽӦһֲͬ㼯Ĵӻ֮ôֳܽɶأ
ΪˣŶԷĻǸжôбҲԼûйϵ
٣ԼڲɳڣɵۼĸΣԼΨֱ֮
Ҳɵ۵Ķ֣Ҳûá
˵
֮ˣ㸸װæֻҪ㸸װæһɱʵģˣӦɣ
ݺ
ҵΪӣ㵱ɵӣ󣬸ܡ
Ц
֣ǰ˱ɵæҲһæ޷ִɽ硣
˵Ҳоޱȡ
Ŷ㵹˵˵ֻҪ㲻Ϊ޷뿪˵أ
˵Ҳ²ŶԷΪλ˵
֣˻ƣÿֶиԵĵ̣˴룬ЩһͨѵΪɳڵΪݺ𣿡
۾˵ɫ֮侹һƬȻ
Բ𾪣ֻЦʵ죬ĪҪˣƣֲҴû´˵رĵ̣
Ǳĵ򡣡
ͷ˵
ȻˣֻҪ㲻ϿշУɳƬҺͣ
Цķʵ
ִȥǰɽ磬ȴԵɽ·;һ֪ɲʵԲô򵥣ʵǸյĿռ䣬ĿǰΪҪտռܵġңΪϷбᵽ˵ĵһĹ۵㡣
ռݵĵλڻƫеڱҽǿռݣһǰԻĻǿߣţԡ
΢ЦĽ͵
סˣԷĽƺԼ֪ʶ죬֪޷ǸȽϴ͵ֻҪԼĵϿշɶݣǿԳ㣬뿪ġԷȴ˵һ򣬶һ֮أռݵĵڻм䣬ζҪ͸㣬ҪᴩԼĪһĻ
֣֪ô˵صģͬһĵطֲҲܴ͸Χ
˵Щһش
лĵͼ
򶨵ʵ
ȻУ
гһȻݸ
鿴ͼŲòŶԷĻԭ˾޴󣬶ĵͼҲȫ׼ȷкܶطûбע֮ͼ޵Ӵ󣬻ûб߼ʡ
˵˵Ҹεִɽ磿
ɫƽʵ
ûҵİ޷뿪˵ء
Ե
ҡҡͷͻȻ˫ۣȻʼоʩչԤ֮
УԦڻǰУںͬСÿغǰֹ
˫ۺ󣬷ԼȷʵҪİֻǾΪİҪӦȥɱһɵۣҲ̫ˡ
ԭͨġ
˵Ҳɰ֪ô֪һϢġ
֣㵽ԸԶأȥͿˡȻ㣬УԻ֮ɽͨĵطŨ
ĪЦ
죬ʱˣ㻹вң֪ҸղŲ㣬Ѿˡ
ĺȵ
ִԲӣ㷽ɱңҲͲæˡҳڴ˵رѾ̣ڴ˵أҵһԸǱɱʣԸֻܼϣ㡣޷ԸԸھȥ


1583 
ɫᶨ粻η
֪ǰųʲôģʱȻԼǰװӢۣѵ֪ΪԼɱԵʣ
ǰܸʣȻڴ˵صԷûɱ㣬ѾǺܸˣ㻹ô
ЩƵʵ
ֲ֣´ˣҿɲǰУҵΪʸȥսұ˵֮ǰѾɵۣʱֻڵΪҵˣǸҲһɵۡ
˵
ŶǸɵǺη
ȤʵΪɵƺѾɽĶΪ
ųԪɵۣɽڵ츳ԿɽǰǺճɽ繫ϵǰ;𡣵꣬Ҳ츳𣬶Ҳŵ
ԭǲȥսģǣŪˣͬʱ׷һŮӣŮȴѡҵʱһ֮¾;սΪڣԣҲ޾ȥս
꣬ɽ磬սһǣս֮ҲŷԼס
ȻֻڵΪսȴڵˣҴڵٮٮߣһսҰܵķǳҡ
֮ұսԣȻǰУ֮ԶԶҪɽ磬ˣҪΪȵ컹ѡĿޣҲŸմڵΪԪȴҲһɽݺңѾΪһɵۡ
Щƺ಻ԣԭɷϾȻԵЩ
ŶΪĸŮսأ
ɻʵ
ɷӣŮɽ米ǳǿ󣬵ʱҲ𼶱ˡ
˵˼ƺصǰȻЩˡ
ܸԪɵۣԱڴˣطΪԽĶȴΪǣԣûطɽĿԣ
ܽ˵
˵ûҶ޷ԽԪɵ۵Ϊԣһϲطɽ硣ɽĵطǳΪɵ۱ǡ֪ԪɵɽĵԶԶҵĵ˶ࡣǧ꣬Ԫɵۻɽһ㣬ȻʧӰ١һ죬Ϣұطɽˡ
ƺȼһ˿ϣϣ΢ϣǺõġ
ðɣǸɵʲôأѵԷϰ߷ײͬͳ
ɻ󲻽ʵ
Բԭɽĵطô˵ϰ߷׶һأɵǰɽ֮սⳡսУ˱ɱ˼أһսɵ֮֡
˲ϢҲҪˣǣҪҵĴҪƬʱɽǿߵء
һսҼս֮Աв¸޷ش˵ءɱӣȴֻѶҺްΪʲôûкЩŵһսɵΪ˲бȻŵĺͯҲŹ
˵ЩݸΪŤˣĿ£ɢ޾ŭ⡣
ʹ࣬Ϊβ˶أҲŵͬˡ
˵
ˣű㳹ˣɵһȴɽܹģЩ꣬һֱڵȴᣬȴɵϢˣұطɽ磬Ȼƴﵽһʵȥɵ۱ѩޡ
ҧ˵оǱĺ⡣
ʱƺĵĻ䣬Ҳ֪ʦǵǱɱˣǱץˣ
ʦ֮ǲΪɣ
к֮ҲһƬ䡣
죬һиⲻסΪβȥɱԪɵۣȥɱɵۣ
ʵ
УεĻ䵱£֮ãҲͨԪɵΪ£Ȼսʮƽ顣
֮䣬ʤ߿ܡһΣҶ˶ѣҲǷҵơԣķڷȻɵҵĳȴǽȻͬΪ̵̣ŵķԣĲɱŵĵӣͼɱӺΪŵ˳޵졣ȣأʱڣԪɵҲûǰնɱң˵ɱҡɱңΪҪɱ
֮ҲЩϵвɶĵִࡣ
ɱɵ۵˷ͬСɣɲʦδϢ˳ȥԼ̱Сꡣ
죬ҴӦ㣬ɵ۵Ϊ࣬ڸĶ֣ȥɱɵۣ
ЩεЦ
֣ǷɡӣֻҪŬΪϳɵۡҵƲ⣬һ֮ɵۻɽ֮У㽫ԴԣҲҪȥɱҸһʱ䣬㿴Σ
ɫ˵


1584 
һʱ䣿ðɣȻңҾʹӦһڣһǸɵ۵ͷ­㣬Ҫлһꡣ
ŵ˵ΪԼ츳ӦòҪʱŴﵽɵ֮
л첻ʤмһݣ
±ȥֻҡͷЦΪԼΪ޷ֹԷ
ɵۣǺηѾǸ֮ˡʲôֲãҪʶ֣ɱˡ
а뵽
֣ھͻ뿪ˣǧ˵һ
ϵķȻʮ£һͬˮ档
һΣδʹ÷죬Ϊķ˵ķᡣ
ϿշУٶȴǱڷ֮ʱҲȥˣһ䣬Ȼ㽫һ֮С
Ϊǿ󣬲֪ҺʱܴﵽΪ
а
ȫϿշУò˶ãһ˵סȥ·ȴݵͬһƤǣһɱĵסȥ·
Сĵ̣ҲҴǲǻĲͷˣ
ǿ
æ¶һЦֻ֣·һи㡣
У˵Ǳĵ̣Խ磬ƱҪô뱾һսɣӮˣͨ
ǿһӶ˵
ʮû뵽νıԼίȫһУҲ̫ˡ
֣˵أƢô˱أĵڣ㷢ͻи㡣
һЦ˵ǿȴֻǺһ
ڴˣ˭Ҳ޷
˸ǲӣȻڴʱɽڵĵ
죬αصġ㣬ùҾɱĵ̡
ЩƵĺȻֱӱص˲ԼԼһģݶԷ۸
ף˭˵б³һ
˾ȵ
֣һƷɳأ֮㣬·ֵ̣Ʒɳؾ͸֣и㡣
һӣһڿС
ǰһǽָУֹ̽ȻһƷȪвɰԾϲ
һۣ̰֮ɫŨȻ֪ܵ˵С񣬱ʱˡͨĵ̣һСƺ
̰ᣡ

˭˵
˴ŭܣɵ
ĪҪǱһѶѣ
ȻһЦƢõҲò˼顣
ҪȥҲ¡Ǹ£Թȥ
Ц
ϵЦڴʱͻȻ̣˫֮һĹâ
ಣ
΢һ֣кȻһϻɫɽ
ҪսǱ֮սҶˣֻܻһˣҪôͬھ
һ˲ָǿߵ̬ͱ˵뷽ŵųγĶԱȡ
ɫòҲû뵽ԷͻȻ֮Լ
֮սһƺδ֪״ﵽʲôΪѵΪڱ֮ϣ
˼š
ˣȻһѰǱȫ㣡ʵ㲻ǱĶ֡
Ȼ˵ͻȻǿƱöԷֲ
㶣кܿ뷨ԷǰԻǲҪͻΪá
𷽲ŲǺֿЦҼΪھӣҪĵ̣кβأαش򶷶أ
˹ЦܿѡЭ
ܺã͸Զһ㣬Ҫڱǰ
˻һǿϵıٴα仯ΪԷ֮ԣÿдŭ
˵ɫ仯˺üΣȴһۣʵ̫ˣξͲƽϣͿȥɣ
ߣ𷵻֮ʱ㻹ڴ˵أҪɱ㣬Ϊ֮ɣ
ЦһȻһʧȴǿãȻĴڿУȻԵò֪룬һƬ֡
죬⵽ôأѵǱݸҿģ
Цʵ
֣ʵ䣬ֻ뿪һΡΧ˵ʲôҲ̫Ǹ˵Ϊ޷̽ԣҾ֡ǣȴӣȻҪ㡣ߣҷĵط޷̽ʱҾ֪ҵΪԶ֮ϣڵĿԷǳ
㲻˵ǿʳˣҵΪǿԲˣǻҪǰǲκ˷ͻõĽ
͵ȻٴշС
죬ǻҪж˵ĵ̣
ʵ
Ҳ֪УһʮڴڵĴ󣬲ЩλȴӲ̶Ҫһ·Ѱҡ
ĻشҲЩ𾪣ԭҪ뿪治һ򵥵飬Լһˣֻһ˵ĵ̶޷ͨ


1585 
ǸһͬĴ󣬲֪͵ʲôطмشֻǸûлĻᡣ
к˰ڡ
ǰ԰ڵӡ󣬹ΪܳڵΪ
粻ҪǮһ㣬ҲƬȻ𾴣Ҫ֪ҪﵽΪǾǷǳѵ顣
ҵΪרѰҰڣǲܵġμһѰҴ˳ҲǷѰҵڣѰõǾͽɽ磬ѰǾֻܷ
аţڿ˵ĵѰһ󣬺ִܿһ˵ĵ̡
֮ʱ̱˳أһΣҲЩ𾪣û뵽ƬؾȻֶˡ
жţ˵սףģòʮƣȴ֪Բһˡ
λѣ·˵أλͨһñȥ
ǲıȭ˵
Ƕ˶һۣȻͬʱһЦ
Ϊĵʲô˶ܹȥģǸΪļһ˭Ϊβһ
һĶ𣬲˵
ãһΪǲ֮£Ҫ˵أЩˡ
а
𵱼μǶҲǡÿ
λѣӰɣϷֻǿд˵ءǶѡɣ
αֵĺǿƣɽ
ٴһ㶣û뵽ԷҳöҲԵú׼
磬һҴǵĵ̣ǾһսǶ֣þ
һ˵ŭ
ãһսɱ֮塣
һ˻Ӧ֮˸â
֣֮жܣһ˵صġ
ɫص˵
Ҫѣ뷨ˣսСҪǱԼɾҪ͸ˡ
𼶱սɲŹսĻᣬȴҲ֪Լܿ𼶱֮˵սҲֻƾȥսˡ
죬ƺҲû˺֮ǣΪ֪ͬСɣһʱ֮ûʲôΣյġ
ɱ
һȣֳһɫսսҫǿһ㲻һ
ս
ǶֵͬʱŭһҲڴʱֱٻսףȴǶӵĺɫսףûһ˿ĹâȴȻ˲ܺӡ
ȫʩչ£һɳƶʱԷֶȥǿ£ԦŷĺˣΪʵ̫ǿˡ
˳֮ƣֱΧ˵ɢ˿ơ
⡣
ȵһ̵ܿǰ˲Ŵ˰ٱֹͨɢű̵Ĺâ
ֻƷˣҲַҲơ
һЦȻһ֣̽бһ鷽εķ
һȡһ׶ӰķǷȻ岻ϵתʮֵĹ졣
𼶱ôɽǱƴأ
Щ⣬ΪУɽķ
֪Է˲Լ֮£һжԼռƣǵƾֻ»ᱻ˳ģԼһԷ˺ģԼһƶûС
ˣ׼нзΪб̺ǿʱóԷԴĶԷ
һȣ͵ĳԷֶȥ
⾹ȻһԷ
ֻâһƺѾɵǶ˵ʱͷϡ
ȥ
ǶҲֱ𷢳ͬʱС
ߣ
һһ֮ͻȻӿֳһ̵Ľ
⽣ĳ󷽵𣬶СԵҲͬʱһҫ۵ǿ⣬âֱͷŵĽ
һе׶Ҳͬʱˣȴ˷ıƴֱӳ𹥹ȥ
һֱ֮ƣһ죬͵ıһҫ۵ĻϹâ
ѾˡԵԷͬʱͷųǿĽ
ˡԵµĽȻڿбײʮɣⷢĽȴֱնˡԵ
峺ըһеɽһŵסĽ
ֻȴһ˿Ѫ˵ܣԵôᱻأ
ͬʱԲ׶Ƶķ𣬶޷ܣֻԽԲ׶Ƶķ
һЦƷ뱾ƷᲢۡ
ߣҪ⣡ΪûƷ
ҧ˵ٻһɫģɫһ֣㾪㾹Ȼɻ죿
һңտԲ׶εķҲòӦԣʼǰˡ


1586 
ɻ죡
Цݡɻ졯˿УȻһɻɫĹâɻ졣
ȴʼ޷ͻɻķ
˵Ϊ޼÷Ʒ˱ƴȴǰ֮ƣΪһ˵ɧţ޷ͻʩչɻ졣
û˼ңֱ÷ɽˡ
аȴ֮ȱƴ޷ʡΪ֮ͬսռŵĻյʤ
һս֪Ҫ򵽺£ӮˣҲֻǲʤɣǣսҲûа취ͨ˵ء
ЩƣϾ𼶱ĸսԼֻжԶԶ֣Ѱ·顣
ջ⣬ֵԷԲ׶ȻٴμһԵƷ
Ƕ˼ͬʱɫΪƷʮϡֲ֮ΪﵽʵһһƷʮ˵飬˭֪Էһ˾жԵķöǶԷ⻹ӵǿķЧڱƴϱ˴
ò·
ƺҲŭŭһоȻһīɫذס
ǡ֮С
һ˾ӶҪˣΪԷоȻƷԷ
ҲЩԻˣЩ𼶱ĸôأڵĴһڵģΪԷ㺦ˣʲô
ʼݵʱҲЩģֻҪԷ·ԼֻѪսס
ѣ
һ˴˵֮侹Щ־塣
ƷҲȼֱΪƷмƷƷ
ⲻֻмƷ˵ɻҲһģ࿹
⡮֮СǶƷ洢㹻ǿһԱҪǿһֹ
һЦǡ֮СջصɷΧڣ⡮֮СڿУҫīɫâ
⡯ΪһƬϣתǶͬʱطҲ˳ǧ֮⡣
ţ
һ˱ϹϾĹ˵
죡
Ȼ˵ɫ֮侹Щ
ԭǶֵܾðǲӦãĪҪ¶˼ƽϡ¶˺ų¶˱һĸֵͬܡ
ɫıȭ˵
𣡡
һҲȭ˵Ѿû˷ŵİ֮ɫ
Щ죬ǶӦռƣ˭֪Ƕ˱㲻һսˣҾ̬ҲһٰʮȵĴת䣬ʵЩ˼
񣬱ֻͨ˵أûǲã
˵
ֵӣ¶˿϶Υ棬֣룡
ƣŵЦ⡣
֣ߣ
һ̬ȴʮֹ˵㶣֪ǺηʥȻҲƺ֡
ɽ磬֮໥ĳƺҲлصģһֻΪԷʱųƶԷΪ֡ΪԷĵλ˾Ĵȴûпʲôر֮
λ𣡡
΢΢һЦǶ˹˵΢΢ü֪ΪλҪǶ˿
ֵܿˣ
ͬʱ
ɵʱȴǵ˺ܿʧԭء
ڿУöһԲڣ𿪿˵磬ΪβʩչƷҵȶ˾·磬ҿǲİ
СܣĪҪ嶯һˣûǴǰսԪɵ۵ı˵ʱʹƷǰܸ˵ʱΪԪɵۡ
Ӧ֪ƷӦΪּƷҲһԴȻ޷ĶƷ޴֮顣ңΪֲ²ԶԶֹһƷҶһˣֻµҲֻǶܾ֮ơ
𻺻˵
ǣСܽˣ磬ǵ򣬵׸βܻöƷأ֪ƬǷɵ۵Ĵڣɾɵ۴ڣҲһƶƷ
̾
СܣĪҪżǸԶԶûдǣΪֵĹƣҪǰУһﲻΪǿˣ𣬴ʱһɣʱ㻹ûжƷ
ͻȻ˵һϲȻǾôϱ۸һԸ
ڶ˵ıУѾɳ˺ԶȴǿЦͣΡ
֣Ҵ˷һֻ½㻤ͳҽһǿСʱս˵أһҪҵԼ


1587 
Щص˵
죬ôˣΪЩνǿǲֻں֮ڡ
԰ο
˷Ǵʮˣһûص£ֹҵĵֻʮҲ޷ס
Ц
ãʧ뱨ƱرҪۣǸĴۡ뷵أڷأһ˼ǰ
˵֪һͨǰΣգȴҲްη塣
Ϊ֮һ㶣ȻȻʧЦ֣㽫쿴ʲôˣȻӦ飬һģƴҲὫ㻤͵֮ġ
ҲģһǵԼֻҪ֮ڲôɵ۱Ȼ𡣡
ӿ˵
һ˵ҾͷˡǸȻԸңϷʱһˡ
ֳŨŨɱ⡣
Īĥôɱ㣿֪ôأ
Цʵ
ڴ˵꣬ûһЩֶΣôڡоĵҶ̽ķǵһһҶ
Ȼ˵
죬ʵҾЩƫ㣬ͲԼΧ˶ĵˡңƴˣҲὫɱ
ȻЦ
֣֪㵽Ϊ֮ͻᷢҪɱһжôѣ̫ͬ鷳ˡɱ˶Է壬ȴҲյʤ𼶱֮壬ֱǸʡһ֮ԱǽֱɱöԷҲ
ԣڴ˵꣬һֻɱ𣬶һȫɱġ
ЩЦ˵
ȻˣҾ´ͨʱ㲻һҪԷսǿͨģûҪ̫𼶱ĵˣңѰͬѣͲõˡ

ѣ֮ﻹѣҾ̫ѣ㱻ѺҪס֮䣬ûѡ
𼸺ҧ˵
ðɣҳ˵ҲеĵҲʺҡǼ߰ɣһҵĴҲͰȫһ֡
Է۵ĻᣬΪÿ˵뷨ǲͬģԼȻЩƫ
˼ǰһƬʱͻȻ⾹ȻǸĵطڵһҲûκ˵Ĵڼ
죬ʲôƬΪûˣ
ʵ
ֻ˵ԭ˱ɱˣµȥطܣɱˡ
͵
죬ѵҪֹ̽ȥ⵽ҪԽٿռѰҵ㲻̽ķôʩչ̽أ
ɻʵ
֪Ҫ̽飬Ҳֻ˵ˣʩչ̽飬ʵϣҵһּܡ
ҡͷ˵
ʱԼԼںѪ䣬ʱЩѪǸպÿó
ܿԼ뷨ΪЩѪٶ̫ˣָ̽飬Щʵ
ҲҪѰһὫѪ䡯ʽת䣬ǵɽҲûκá
˼ţȻһط
µأڴȴûκ
죬ѵҲɱˣ
ѯʵ
ʱûУҳ֣Ǿͻᱻɱ
ٺһЦشǳ֮⡣
µ˼֮˵һǴ˵ص֪Ķ֣Զˡ
һȻûзִǱһǰ
һǰһ£˲ûκ˵أżǰصҲԽԽСҲЩ
Ϊĸ֣û֮أԽǰߣ˵ʵԽͣԽڴǰн
һ·֮ϣչԻǱȽϿģڻΪɽЩߣһ㣬ǿϲ
ֻɳԽ죬𱨳ĻҲԽศɵġ
ﵽɼʱҲٶȣƺҪһĳɳ
Ϊֻ¶ɳΪ˽һƬµء
Ƭ̲һɽɽжݳһɫӣסȥ·ȴû˵
ʹʶϢ̽ԷΪ֮̽ȴ΢΢ɫ
ôǸڵˣ޷ܶԷˡЩҲãʼԷӡ
аţȴǹ˺ɡ
֮ʱѾô£Ǳ΢΢һЦ˵ѣ¶·˵أи㡣
ǻһֱɫڽԷ˵Ϊ̽ϱֳһ˿صЦ⡣


1588 
˱ɵĵͨȻǸҴ뱾ɵĵǾҪսɡ
˵
֣ˣͨǱɱ
𵱼˵ҲЩԣǹƶԷ
ɱ˱ɣôĿƾɳڵҲҿڳ˿ԣ
ŭ
֣㻹ʲôɱǱͨ˵ˡ
˵ƺһҲûнԷ
ǻ̽˶˵Ϊȴֱ˺ǳ⣬Ѿһӻ
Ѱ·
һŭ֮¼ɽɽӯǿ֮
ֻ·㷢ìܡ磬ͨɱҵ£Σ
һָЦ˵
ĺһһȻǰ˭ҲͨǶ˶
Էǲ֪Ϊ֪ˣﻹ˿
ͼ̽ԷΪʱͻȻоһǿʶԼ̽ĹУڵ֮Ҳһ
ۣ
ֻԴһƬѣΣ̲סȳȴ죬һѪС
ոշɽ磬ΪʶȴЩΪ˷ԱԼʶǿˣһ̽˶Էʶ
ֻһ˲Ĺˣǻ˲ɵЦˣû뵽һΪҲˣȴͨԼĵ
Ҫ̽鱾ɵΪⱾûдʹʶ̫ˣѰ·
˶ĵЦ
֣ҪǲĶ֣ǻɣ
л˵ҲЩŭˡ
ƿʱϲû˿ѪΪԼɫѪҺϢ˵֪
ѣǹȥʲô鶼ûУҲֻбһսˡ
ȭвɱԷΪĸ£ԼǷʤԷذɡ
ǻΪڸĻᣬȥǰޱȵߵǹȥǲܵġҲȥɲ뿪ġ
ɡ
ЦˣЦаȣǻҲһ㶡
֣ڵˣΪҪǿϲ٣֮⣬ڶ෨㲻Ķ֡磬ҽɱɣ

ԣҡҡͷҲ̫СԼˣԼֻǲɱˣȴΪԼذɡ
ɽΪȼУɳɺڵĲಢʮԣ໥֮Ĳ಻ܴﵽʵĲࡣ
Ȼˣǲ䣬Էһ仰Ѿɱޱߡ
ǶһвٷɣԹԵĽ򣬱ɿҪһɱˡ
˵ΪԼѾʤ֣ںɳڵߡ
һˣһ£ڵΪԲᴦ¡
֣֮ɣȳˡ
˵仰һѾʱķˡ
Ҫܡ
˴һնȥ׷ȴ׷иıע⡣
ಣ
˵˻ʱͬڿһˡ
һһԸҲûʮɰաǶԸһˣûκ⡣ȽһһһҲӲ˶Զ
ţԱŹ
Сӣ㲻ɳڣôҴɵĵأֶûˣ˶ϰɣ
Ц
ôڵΪ˲𣿱ɿɲабȴܱɡ
΢΢һЦ˷ɽ
ɽǻȴǷһЦ㾹ȻɽûУѵԷɽ뱾ս
ʱŷԼķɽȻûתҲֻ֪תɽ֮ܳΪɽ
֣Ҳˣԭķɽûתⳡսûˣ罻Ұɣ
ûԶֻʱĵĴ
ٴҡҡͷҲֻסӣϣһսвᱻŰ˺ܲҡ
ֻһۣȻȴֲ̫ܵңγĨȥӰӰ쵽ԺΪ
ȫ˽ԣǶԷԼͬΪǷ޷еǿս⡣
ɽɽʲôѾתΪ֮ĽȻҲ֮ʹ÷ɽȴҲȶԷɽ̫ɣ
룬ǽɽǵƾ˫ְӶԷ
ѵһɽܰɣɽûУôɳڵΪ
𾪵ʵȻ̲סٴηЦ֮
ǰûɽ磬кãҹȥɣ
˵
ɽɻпܷȥɽûУʣɻʲôɷŹ㣿浹ùˣҲֻ֮ɵʧˡ


1589 
ЦЦţȴ̾
˵ĺãǸ޴ļһ֪ղһͬеʲôΪ𣿡
ٺһЦ
ɳΪ𣿡
ѿڶȴЩɻ󣬲֪Է˵Щʲô
Ҳ̫ˣڵˣȴ㿴ɳڣ̫ˡ
˵ǻ㶵һ仰Ҳ˵
ܣԲܣƭɣֶ̫ͼˡ
ն˵Ȼ𾪣־֮ɫ
Цαôأ
ǺЦǻ˵
ЦϹЦֱ̫ɶˣǻ˵Ļ
ˣŪɣȥ
˴ŭһն
ڽһȭԷĽӭȥ
䣡
ǻٴ˿Уû뵽ԼΪĽȴûл˳ֿȭĶԷ
Ҳһ£û뵽ԼֻʹʵȻԷĽڲ֮䡣
СӣҪ⣬ɷŲûʹȫѡ
˽͵ƺҪԴеΡ
ˣûȫѵҾȫˣ
ʮƽʵǻ˵Ϊ֮ᣬ˵
ȥɣ
ѹʩչˣʹȫһն
΢΢Ȼ͵ĵͺһһȭĺС
һΣ˵Ľȭڿзҵը֮ȥȴǻ˾һ㲻ɳڵΪ
һ֮󣬻˵ڿȻȴȵԭأûк˰벽
ڻԼΪȫһһռɽƣȴԷˣô˵ԷΪԲԼ֮¡
ѵǰʹʶ̽飬ǹҵģýƻˣܵƾɽԸ
һ˲䣬ȴ˼˺ܶࡣ
ʣ˼Ϊ
ͻȻʵҲŶԷڵˣɽԼԼһȭ֮ɻ˶Է˵ǶԷǻûԼǿ
ʼɽȼˣǶԷԼǿһСӦԼһңôԼأ
ʮΪ
ʮֲˬ˵
ү츳ȻǿĵزǵõԪҲ˱̬츳˵ԪɳڵΪͬʱܹڵˡ
ޱȡ
ŶʮΪҲͷĽ̫ˣҪӮɣʵ̫ˡ
΢΢ЦʱҲ׷ԼΪʲôҪǿԷˣԼһĺ¡
ǿδأһķûУȻɵĴ㡣
ŵ˵
ʲôóñɼʶʶ
νЦһֱΪһߣսΪ뼼ֻܡ

͵һŭ𣬿ͻȻһ״䵶
ˡխǵȴԽ⴦Խһҫ۵â
ԣŭԷڵҲҿڳơڼΪ֮ˣʱȻǷļɻ䡣
ߣɱɱѼ˵ǳ롣
ʮֲм˵˶Էķһۣʵڶ᲻ʲôȤ
˼ԼķҲǴŭԼղص߹ԵķֻҪǿĵ
ʶʵ㣬мƷ͵ɣ
ĺȵȻһǡѾڿвϵķŴ󣬵Ѿ׼
ʲô
ɲмǡʱ͵ĳһȣַһâסǡ
âҫ£ƺǿȻһεĵ
ٶʮ֮죬ҪܣȴҲЩ
ƣ
һŭ𣬵һȭǿеĵ
Ʋ˵ġ
˵ЦǡͻȻٴηһҲǽڶġ
˫ȭǿ˶ԷĹƣڴ֮󣬶Էĵ޾һ㣬Ȼһ˲䷢ʮ
ߣ
Ѿµ˶Էνķ޷ǱҪԼ
ֱ壬ΪԼڵսʱӱУһսãڵĶ̫෴սдﵽӯ״̬
˲šֻҪķáϵĹ
𾲹䣬ȴΪβǵŶԷʩչ
ǻδͷʱӦԷҲƱݡǣ˻ᡣ
ȴģ׼ͨԷԼΪ츳


1590 
ٽ뷢
̲סҪӿٶɱԷˣʹˡɱﵡ
һɲǼ䣬Ȼһǿҵâ֣ǡĵ֮ϸҫĴۡ
ŶԷĺҲһǰԼƾ˫ȭпɵֵԷĵ
ǶԷͬʱٵԼƾ˫ȭȴ޷ֵˡ
սף
һ˲䣬޷ãȴǽսٻ
սҫҫ۵Ľâǽâ£Ѿ˶Ըǰٵ⡣
ಣ
ٴδһŨâ㳯һƬȥ
ڻ˵ĽУͻȻڿзٵתǽâҲ֮ת
˷ת֮ƣٿжԷ󲿷ֵĹʣµЩǰչֵʵһ˶ѡ
аޡ
ââ󷢳һը֮ȴͣ˿С
ǰɣȻˣ⣬ƺ̫ܣ
ȷʮû뵽һδչֳԼ𾪵츳
ϵıˣɴ۾ȴǿԷκ˵ģ
мƷô޷κһɳڵأ
аȴ¶һЦ⣺ôѾ˲ɣߣҪͱ˶㻹̫ˡ
ʲôһʹɣ
ʮƽ˵ûҲоЩ˼顣
еġ类һ룬ɫȻǳ࣬ǻ۵ĿһۡЩĽ֮ջء
Ը㣬һ͹ˡ½ѾǱɵĶˡ
ЦһȻʼչ˲ơ
ã
һãΪԼȻϲڶԷʶϻͶԷ࣬ǶԷʹ˲ƣԼ޷׼ȷ̽鵽Է˲ƹ켣
׼һɱ˲֮ɽٵն
޷ȫ̽Է˲ƹ켣ȴǿڽ뷶ΧڸӦʱͻȻһȻװ֪Էɽ
Ȼ㿪
Ҳһţû뵽ʶվһҪԷһˡ
ԥԼòóʱ˵ķɽѾݺݵնϡ
նһеһû뵽һ֮¾Ȼ޴ķ֮ȫ˵֮⡣
˲ƹȴһ֮屻֮⣬иǴһɾҵʹ
ٺ٣
Ҳֻ̽һԼķ˭֪Ȼȫ˵ɽаϲȻڲ֮ء
ܣ
ŭһеɽٴδؿڣʱɴ㲻ˣǵԱķֵԷĹ
һǻ˽ȫһҸնΪ̣ΪС
˵ɽҫҫ۵Ĺâֱؿڣһ˲䣬ȴ͵һͦؿڣؿھȻһǿķ֮ٴνԷɽɳȥ
ʮ
ʶ㣬ȴҲ̲סиߺ
ǰ֮ԿѾ츳ѣ˷սڵˣԵҲĳǿ츳츳˵Ŀ£һҲԪɵ۵Ŀֲ츳
еɽסĶιȻ޳Чˣ˷ι˲ᡣ
ۣ
ֻѪȻڿһѪסɽֻһѪѺۡ
ƭңԲֹɳڵΪΪѾɺڡ
˳ǧ̵ָ˵Ϊڻ˵ϣֲûɺڵ˽ֹɺڵˣҲұ֤ܹԼɽ
ɫ糣ȴǰϲѣû뵽ԼڳΪ˺󣬾ȻӵԽս츳ߵ£ԼҲû츳ԡ
ðɣô˵ɾ͵԰ɣ
ӶԷܿ㿴˶Է֮¶Ŀ־֮ɫ
ǻں֮⣬֪ǿǰӦöŲͨ˵Σ
ϧ˼䣬ɽҲûкҩȻ˻˳Ҳûá
ɱٶȻδؿɱҡ
Ұοڹ˵֣¸ղŶеִд¼ƽϡͨ˵أʱԡ
ԣ
Ȼ¶ɱԷȻΪԷĻı
ȴ˼ԼɱԷ壬ǣڵˣ֮ҪǿԼԼָƶԷ֮أ
֮֮ڣӦǲܵ顣˵ָƶԷ֮ԱأƺҲһ⡣
еıȴڲϵ˼˼οԴܶԷƶԷ֮壬Ӷչ֮


1591 
ߣּȻִҪɱ£ҲԲƾ׸˽ΪȻܴңȴҲ޷κҵ֮塣ֱƼˣ¾ƴҲֺù
˼ԷԸԼЭǱٴǿӲ
Ҫɳڵδڵˡ
мѣѾϿԼѩ޵ϣ
ϣĻԭܿ죬ŻҲԽǣˣʱʲôʱԵüѡ
ȻҿֱӷĹô֮屬ըҲӦÿԵڵĵһɱ塣
аȻŶԷ΢΢һЦЦ⾹˵ĲãȻЦڻпȴ˿ֲ
Ƕܣ
˴һǰһ߽״Ļܣ⻤ܼ󣬻Ҳһ
۸ûз
ʵͻȻһѾԷȥ
ಣ
һȻǡǶܡһ˲ƣˣûɵǰȴѾʧȥټ
ʶϣ⻹һ鷳顣
пЦȵԷԶ֮ŸоЩΡ
֣ٶȲ£ֻҪһֱܣԶҲɱ¡ȻִҪ׷ɱ£¾ͷ㵽ס
˵ⷬʱѾ󶨣ֻҪ˽٣Լ㻻һȫء
ô
ȻʵҲ˼βܴܶԷ
Ȼˣֻ¿͵Ϯ֣־ǿ£ȴҲ޷вֲţ¾͹һԡ
˵仰ͻȻ˲ƲȵٴγʱȴһĽѾն
ȻûܣƾԷĽնԼ壬ΪԼϲҪԷ˲ϮȴҪĲٵ
ôû˵ɣԣȰֻǲҪɱˣ磬Ҿƽ֣߸ģΣ
˵ϾȻ¶һ˿⡣
ƽ֣㲻䣡
ĺȵȻʩչˣֱչ屾壬ٶȾԲڶԷ֮£ʶҲ
ڴʱھ֮ʱԼ߱õĶö䡣
伸ʩչһսٶȷҲһǣһȻһ䡯
㾹ȻС䡯
˾ϳ֮ɫ࣬촽ϣҲڿ־Ĳ
֣飬֪ɵһ¡
˾Ī˵
һĪǣǵ·Ҳɵϵ
һû뵽ɵ۾͵ǧ˿Ƶϵ
ܺãҰæҲҪɱɵۣ
а
еġ䡯ʱ𵱼ץˣ˫оȻŭĻ𻨡
֣ôС䡯
಻סеıߣȻֳΣеҲɰľܿͻˡ
ԭҲʶ䡯˵ɵԨԴֻһŭ֮ɱҡ
Ȼ΢΢һЦ죬أ
죿ô˵Ϥѵǰ˵
˼ͻȻֵ𣬵һʱ˼֡
𡣡
Ȼ֮䣬ƺڻ˵Ժбųû˱ȸղŸΪţ˵ɵһη壬ǰֱӿɱԼĴڣ֮£˸ηߡ
ʸ¿𣿡
˾ֵʵ
û뵽ȻԼ²⣬ԺжʱһͷˮĪɵһҲϵ
ڰʵɵһʲôǣʵںδõġ䡯أѵһΪ£Ȼ䡯Ӧòġѵɵһɣ
뵽𼸺ҪˣǷʵĻˡ
оĪȭһ飬ҲоС̫ˣ˵𡣡
𣡡
˾һסͣΪɱڵԼ
죡ٸҷɱ㡣
вս֣ͽ֮ɱ
һĵͷһȻסͣΨԼᷢ
ʱ˿̣˼ȲҳֲߣΪ֪߿¸ɱ֮
ڵΪһǰܣȫѰ·˿ɲôɵˣһԭأȻ󾲹䡣
Ҳû뵽ͻȻ֣ȻԼǻ˵ս
֣ɽ֮ǰʲôɣ
𲻴ʡ
ԣ΢΢һ㶣űҡͷЦЦش죬Ǹܣұܡ
ܣ
д󾪣֮Ѿ¶ޱʧı顣


1592 
֣Ī⡮䡯ɽ֮˸ģ
ݰʵ
۾Ѿ۾еķŭ
¶һ룬⡮䡯ȴȷʵɽˡ
ƽ˵
֣⵽ôһ£ҡ
ץʵ
ҲΪԻ󣬲֪ΪγƺһڵΪ֡ʵ̫ˡ
죬ôšö䡯ɱ˶ȡġ
Ц˻һɳһҲͻˡ
ɱĺã
Ц֮Ϊ˷ܡ
죬һˣսûأ
Щ˵
ãھһߣǼ
æһڴӦ
ɵˣԷһ𼶱ĸԼֻ·һ⻹ս
֣޷Ǿͷһ·Σ
Ц˵
γ²⣬ͷ𼶱ĸֲ֣ɱԻ
дϲмһۣæл¶лĺ⣬ϣܹسŵ
Իسŵ赣ģǾʹԼѡ
Ȼ˵⻰ǻг˶裬ӿֳϣ
룬ȴ䡯Ż˺䣬⡮䡯ԼԺɵһˣҲƾ衮䡯װȵһˡ
ಣ
˵һʱʩչ˲֮κܿʧڿУֱˣԷһӣԼٶֲռš
Щεʼ򣬶Ц֣츳ǲԽɱڵˡ
Ҳδء
˵֮䣬ͻȻʧڿУΪ֮һû뵽Ȼʱû
ǻڵõĳŵȻƴ˲룬˲ƣѾҪӳԼڵء
ʩչȻϷɶݣѾµ˶Էֻһӡ
վλ£֪ǻ˾Բ·ӣҲҼԼأԣֻһ߷ǾǼϡ
ǡ˳·ԣ׷˳ȥǻȴ׷
ͨϷڴԥһǳϷʯжΣʯб˲˽ƣȴȻ޷ס˵ĴС
µĵ󣬻Ű˲٣˼һǾǰС
ѾϢĸŻ˳µأֻǻʱδ
£ͼ˰ɷΧڣǻȻûз
ಣ
ԸٶȳϿշУܿ㳬ǻˡ
һ͵´һѾûһɲݣһҫǿ֮ĳȻѾ졣
ǰĳˣܿ仯ɳģþ˵
һﾹȻӵ˱仯츳ѵˣҲֻǿԱ仯СȴҲ޷仯һɲݰɣ
ȻҲαװ㣬αװɵȫǻȴȻĽ仯ɲݡ
ڷ֮УͻȻһǿвɰ
Ʒɹ
˵ΪˣƷɹǱȽġ
ʱϷһ˷ٸηˣȻҴɵ򡣡
ƺҲ˳ֱʩչ˲ơ
Ҫˡ
аʩչ˲ƣֻ˲ƱѾ˳֮ǰ
ʱһ˵ҲѾҪϵûʹװ
ֱӽǳȻŶ˵ķ
ಣ
ͣסκŻеɹȴּŭԼûзɹŭǾȻԼأɹȴ˶ˡ
һ˲䣬Ȼһˣ˻Ǳ׼ˡ
˺ˣȻɵɹ콫ɹϣ򣬱Ĳ㡣
ŭĺȵֻǿ˻һۣȴƺû˿ľɫ
ڶѣƾ㣬Ҳʸ뱾ɹ𣿡
˵֮ȴ̲סЦ
ڴʱǳͻȻֱӶ˻˵УûҲȻ˲ԥУǳѾ˸С
ɹȻԶ뱾ڣ̫ˣڼ޴
аԾϲֻһůֶ֮ȥ
˼̷˳вɰ̾ϧȻ͵ĺ͵ȡɹǾȥɣ
ߣ
ߵɽ
Ϊůֱǻ˵֮֮ſʼһ
䣡
һŰɫͻȻ˵֣֮û˵壬иǷһ
ʩչɫŷԼǰĵǶģԼΪԼתǰɫʮֹ


1593 
ɫһ˵ʧǣ徹Ȼڿзٵת

ɫŨˣڻ˵ڣ˼Ҫˣ޷ڵǿ档
ֱʱ˶ûŪԼôͻȻŻˣ֮ǿ˾ò˼顣
ĸ㣬ĳʩչŰɫ棬ǣǻ˵徹Ȼڲʼȼ
ʱʲôʧȥôҲκãڱԼһиͽͲͨ
ոոϵԭأû뵽Է̷ǳ󣬾Ȼð˻棬δ̫ˡ
ô£ѵɹжģ
ʵ

˷ȵͷϾȻҲð˰ɫ棬ɣΨ˳֮ꡣ
һԣǻܵĿֲһĻͷϲð亹
ȻֶȴǶ಻ʤﵽ𼶱𣬱һĶ֡
а
˵ĲҺĺ˲ѣǿ֮岢ûеֵãܿѾǻ塣
һŽɫ״ڿУΧĻΪֲ˴ʱû׵ôһ¡

Ϊڰʹƴġ
𣿡
ֱӱŵ˿УΪļ̫ˣ𼶱ڸԼƴҲ޼µġ
ߣҪֻһԿϷδ֡
ǳ
Ȼڴˣ
˷Լǵù͸֪ͲȥˣҲᱻǻ塣
ͻȻһ͵Ĵӻзնڻ˵֮ϡ
ʱһҾ徵˻𣬾ҽҲɸеͷƤ顣
˵֮徹Ȼ˲ѿһ֣һֺܿ챻û

ʹĺе
ʱһӰֳһ֣˵ԼԵ˭С
ǰ°ɣ
˿
˵ľģǱ̫ûˡ
Ȼ˵ٴʩչνǽɫ֮˱ŵĲϡ
ǰңҾԱˡ
εв
ð㻹Աͳ׽ˡ
νЦٴλӳһŰɫ棬Ҳͬʱٵĺˡ
ˣ㣡
ǸղŸͻȻ˷ܵ˵
ڣ㻹û
һЦ֪ǰˡ
ûˣڿɲȥ
ڹЦڣԼİȫһЩϡ
ΪʲôʩչԱҲ𼶱ˣΪοҵ֮壿
һ֮£Լ֮紦ǿĽ֮УȻ޷Ա
һԣɽ֮еˣֻΪǿһȼϣƶԷ֮ǵûгһȼһСȴƻ˵Աǻŵ顣
ϣΪʲôܶࡣ㼴ûбҪ֪ôˡ
Ȼ˵ȻȻǻˣһ˲䣬Ľǻ˵֮и
ڴʱһ죬ָǻ˵֮е
Щָ֮⣬Ҳû뵽ԷķɷȻ֮С
˲Һ󣬽ıûΪǽɫ֮ѾķѣҲζŻ
һץһŻŻ˵֮嵽С
֮徹ȻʧȴףĽ֮ڡ
֣ɳΪĪڵ֮壬ֲܿķɣ߻ħ𡣡
ѵ
ˡһ֮壬а취Ը
ٺЦʱǿռöͻȻ䷢һըѰķҲ˲ֳ
Щӵ֮ķ׷ԶڿУΪ˵ЩҲѾ֮
ಣ
ЩȻ볯ȥҲһ㶣һѾһط
Щ볯УֻһΣڷٶࡣ
죬ôһ£ĪЩҪΪǵ˱𣿡
ĬЦ
һۣش֮ǡǡ෴ЩΪ
ŶԭˣղŻһ
΢΢ЦЩ󣬵һ۱ˡ
ǰһսѾľʱֻάڿС
ƾƵʲô
ЦһбѾǡȡС
˵˶ϲע뷨У֪ǷԽеճأ


1594 
뵽񣬿ʼơա֮е
һâǡȻѾʮֹӵĺɫҲһա
գһ˸߱շ츳м˾߱ȴҲշеҲֻ»˹Źˡ
̾
˭֡ҿ첻ǡǡ
˫ͬʱסĵһһǡΪΡ
䣡
һݣһȭǡʱΪһƬ촷ۡ
˺õһˣϧ
Ե̾
ķƺηȴûһ룬ǵһӣһŻ泯Щ֡
ʮͬʱĻǰ֮ǽзȫա
ʮҲԵұչһˡ
а׼Щȥȴ˵ɷң
Ҫȫȥ
󷽷˵ΪУЩѾΪ˷
лˣֻҪж
ѡˡǶܡһսģķȻ¶һϲɫ
ԥȭ㽫ǰķһö˿Ŀɿڴ
㷨еûˣֻҪעǻָǰ
ֻǣһ뾡ǧټƵĵõȻϧΪչĹ÷ȴֱеȻ𷨱ֱе֮࣬
ˣ˭
Цʵ
𡣡
ҲЦŻش
ˣɱңΪֳƺΪ֣ʵ޷ס
𾪶ɵ˵
һδﵽΪȴΪ𣿡
ɫ˵
ѵƭʵ̫ˡ
ڸ˵ƭ𣬿ֵı֣ǱĽ̽˶ӡ
°ڣμǰ
ڼĹڵأȻΰݡ
ȻֵˣǾˡ
΢΢һЦʱһɴڵϥðھϲӡ
лǰ
æлȻһۣͻȻһУһһէıҲЩˡ
ôˣ
ʵ
ˣôһ±ﵽɳڵΪٶҲ˰ɣ
˵һľ֮ɫͬһ
ĪСӵΪ֮ϣѵǻ˵
ʩչʶ̽ڣȴ־Ȼ̽ʵΪ
ڷ̽ԼΪ󣬰ھȻٺһЦЦΪء
֣㲻СӵĶ֣治֪СôģȻѾΪ
ֵֹ˵
㻹һȻΪƺΪ硯Ÿ벻ͨأ
аȴǲ˵ⷬ
ߣСӣﱾѵ㲻ˣ
ͻȻŰȵ˰һԷѵᡮɣ
ǰ¾Բ𣬻ǰ졣
ڱϹϾ˵ҵ𼶱ˡ
ٺ٣Żѣ
仰ðڳļҲ˰Ц
죬߰ɣڣһڴ˵أѡɣ
Цʵ
ҵȻѡǰһ
ڼ˵˷Ѿǿ츳Ҳò˶ãΪᳬԼˣ߻иţɱԼһ˴Ҫȫˡ
˼ǰУǴȴǻ粻ƵģȻôҲѰ
ͨʮأЩ֮ڵ˼ŷӡ
һʱͻȻɫ䣬֮оȻ¶־֮ɫ
ҲסˣΪһΪﵽ𼶱ˣ¶־ɫ֤жô⡣
죬ôˣ
̵ʵ
ҷžȻӦɵ۵ϢϢķǽҪǰķ򡣡
˻һҲͬʱ¶ŵ顣
ɵۣǼɽ綥Ĵڣ֪ûɵ۴ڵġ
¶һĨεĿЦɽ磬ǿʳɵʮа˾ֻΪһȼǼζ
죬̽ɵ۾˵ػжԶ
ɫȻʵ
һĿ־壬ûüشȴһĵ
ǿӡ
𵱼ͺͬʱΧ
ֻһǿ쫷Լ壬ȻԼطС
ûӳƬ̣ͻȻĵһвɿ־岻ѡ
ôɵ۴أƺܣ
˵֮ӿֵĿ־Ҳܵ˽ŵա


1595 
˵ɵֻķݣɳɹߵļȴ̫Сˣ˷ѾµԷԼ̳Լ󷽡
죬ѵͲԽսɵۣ
ʵ
Խսɵۣ̫ˣֻҪﵽɵ۵Ϊ̶γ˾ϵƣ츳뷨һ㲻ɵۣζԿɵۣ
Ц˷֪ͷȴ벻֮
Ǹǻǻ㲻ʲôʵˣҲֻһս
ɫ򶨵˵֪ʱǱֳ£ʲôأ
ԣҲӿǿҵģӦǣǶ㲻ģ£ֻȫһƴҲһϣ
ڴʱһ۲ȴǿ־壬Լողżǿˣ˭֪ȴҪһǿˣɵ۵Ĵڡ
һѾɽμֱӳҲײ̫һײȻײһɵɽ
ڰɽ֮ɫϾ˵֣ȥɵۣȶһʱ䣬ȻǰˣҲһҪӳȥ
֪˵ʲôãֻصĵͷһѾɽ֮⡣
𻹴δɵ۵׳ʲôģɣɵۣҲԲḩ׳Ƴ
˵ͻȻǰХֵĵطȥ
ʧ˵ڣǿӣڡ
Ѿ˷֮УȻɽĳڴʱŷԼٶȾȻҪϲ١
£֪ɵ۵Ŀһ𼶱ˣԼڶΪӦòɵ۵Ȥԣ£ڴʱߡ
һ·УȴԼԼ󷽴ķŭ
죬ģԼһɵġ
ڷе;Уҧ˵
˵ִµʱͻȻǰȻȫˣЩ˵㳬ǧˡ
ã·ˡ
طУȴһȣһ˲䵲סԼȥ·
ô
˶ķ˵ǲ֪δӶˡ
·ɵ۵ĴڣϷǧˣԼһͬлᴩЩ˵ķ
ಣ
ΪεĴӷ֮жݳ˱ȭ֣Ҷ·˵أָ̧֣ҵ뿪

ЦڱˣڿʼǽΪɵ۵ˣΪɵս
ɵۣðɵۣȻڻ򣿡
аԾȡ
Ҳˣˣǲҡ
ڷ
ˣ㾹Ȼ˵ĵֱѰ·
ȵ̽ڵΪһ̽󣬾ȻٴЦڵˣҪ֮ã
Ϊ۴ȷ棬һȥ۵ĵΪЧˣɱ⣻ڶЧ۵ĶʽΪڽߣɱ⡣
һƮڿУȻһӦŵһòϵ˵ͷз
𼶱ĸָ󣬶󣬻ˡ
ҵȴ˷ǰɵ۵ߣɱ⣡
ȵ
ɵ䣬ߣɱ⣡
ߺȵ
ڰɣﾹȻ𼶱ĸ֣ɵ۵ҰĿ治СȻҪһͳ򡣡
𾪵⣬ʱ·ͻȻÿ·
ˣÿ
ѵʱٶһߣ˾򻺻½䣬Щ˵лûпˡ
ҪӳȥǷǳˡɵۼҪһͳɵ۵Ϊǲѣǣ֮ʮϡ֮أһͳʲôĿأ
ʱڷţȥʱϷһϵȣɵӪǾͺúñ֣ڵļһɣ޷ǣǱͻɱûõķף
ģף
˹˵ȻˣǱǽΪΪɵ۽ļ֤ߡ
һڴˣ治һĶడЩһȻɱΪµˣĪǣǰʣµȫǽڻǽϵˣ
̧ͷһۣвˣԼ鷳̫ˣڵˣֻҲ޷ӹһ١
ЦţȴҴ⣬һ¹Լ飬ԷҲζԼҪ
Ƕ׼ӭսɣ
͵ϮǴֵĳԺȵ
ǰڶһۣȻӿЦԷɵĽڵˣԼӦԡ
ڣ㵽״ﵽʲôΪ
ʵ
ڡ
¶һĨЦһȻˣǾ;߱˱壬αԷھ£˱£ٲᱻѸɱ


1596 
㰲ŵοɵģ޷ԸһɺڵһɳڵˣԺûлˡ£˸汾ǰ
𿪿˵Ȼ˳·ɽЩŵһۡ
һĹɽбָֻסˣһһԹۿ
ΪҲе͵ĺãһΣΪһ㣬Ҫսɵ۵ĴˡӦֻǽɳΪҲڵ߿ˡǸ˵ʲôΪأܹ֪ΪҲźðŸߵļƻ
а
ôǻ׼ս
ƺЩͷˣʵ
ಣ
ڱ仯壬ڱ仯˲ǿࡣ
ţ
ͻȻ˵˾Ǿȵ
˵ʲôѵ𣿡
Ц
㣬Ȼµ룬ûҪԣֲڲɣ
һȻ˵һҲЦģ
Ϊߣԣڵлûھİ취
룬˲ɳڵΪȴɺڵΪʱôأ
а
ǰҪԣǰɷأ
һЦ˵
ҪˣҪԣҲʮֹ֮¡Ҳ֮׼԰ɣ
΢Ц˵ȴǸоЦԷСҲ̫֪֮ˣȻǰԡ
һ֮룬˻֪ôģλܻش¼⣿
˵
𣿡
Щõʵ
֣Եһ̫֡ʧˣλǰǰϵЦ⣬±֪ǰǻ۷Ƿ
˵˵ţһתһһԽˬȴǸоǰСƺܻ˵
Сӣʲô֣
˲Цʵ
ǰǰǰɷǣȷǷǰհ˸ַ緶޺
ȭ鲢ï˵ȴһֱȻѣû˿Ц⡣
ƨ
ĵĺȵ
ĵӿɲСǲͬ˵Ļ
ŭ
ǰϢŭ²ң
æ˵ȴԽˬˣ޲̽ɱ
ˣֻǸʮͨˣرĹ֮ʲôֱʣǿԻش𣬱Ե֪޲ԡ
˸ЦӡԽԽá
ʣǰɵ𣿡
ϹϾʵ
Ϊ֮һ㶣۽ȴһЦ⣬ȻЦһţȴǱɫĲ׽ˡ
Сӣ㾹Ȼɵۣ
ŭȵ
㷢ʲôлú˵Ǳɱɱ㡣
˿лһŵͣȴǼΪ
Ц̫ͷˡǸ߸ϵɵۡѽԺܼ˭ƺɵۡ
̬ȺͰЦԽԽ졣
ж֮ɣƤˡ
оʳ˵ΪȥⷢԼһĻпʵ
ˣôܻɵأ
Ҳ̲ס˵
ҡҡͷȴ¶һĿЦȻⲢΪԼ˵˻Ϊ˵ı̫ˡ
ǰɵڴˣ´Ȼȥ˺ηȴ
ʱһʱȴµ˵ܣı־Ȼ˹졣
кܴĿԱɵֻۣ´ǸɳڵˣҲ޷ߡ
а
㲻ǻʣһ֪޲޲
ЦǺǵ˵
һЦʵǰԲ˵ѻ𣿡
ԥһ˲䣬ͷãʰɣɾ˵㡣
ǰɵȥ˺δ
ֱʵ
գգ۾ЦɱȽϸӡֻܸ㣬ɵ޴ڣУںܶദط
ˣǰɵ۵ķ֮һ
ͷ˵ţɻѣ֪ôڻɵɵۡ
Ȼ㻳ɱɵݣôԿɱɵأ
Ȥķʵ
߷緶¼ǰһԤУǰɵۣΪ´ǰϿص֮Ҳֻɵ۷ž֮߱
˵Ѿ˼Լδɵ۵

˿ЦЦ˵ţڶ˾һ㶣ȴҲЦ
Сӣ㻹Ĵˣûɵ۵ķ֮һ
ڳԼݡ


1597 
ɵۣ
ֵ˵űæŲΰݣȴ
¼ɵۡ
鲻ԽĹ˵һεüɵۣмȼֿ־塣
ɵ۵ǲˣ磬ڱɵߣɵ۳ΪɽһΣ
ɵ΢Ц˵
ɵ̧٣²ţҽɵ۵롣ɵ۸һʱ䣬븨ɵۣڵʵԱѣԸɵأ
ıȭ˵
ɵ۵룬ҲҾܾ
ɵʵɢı亮ڣƺֻҪ֮䣬ڱɡ
ɵ۸ɳڵˣ˵ȥѵ±Ц𣿡
Ȼҧ˵仰ɵ۲һ㶣ű˶˵ѹ
㵽Ǻηʥ񣬾Ȼ屾ɵܾۡˣûɵ֮µ˵Υ汾ɵۡȴж˵ͬʱΥ汾ɵۣñɵʼδ
ɵ۹ЦЦоȻ͸ݵ˷ܸС
ɵۣһλΥɵ˿𣿡
ɫʵ
Ǳɵû̽Ƕƺһģʲôˣĵ𣿡
ɵϬĶƺҪȫ˼
ֱɵۼˣʱҲо֮ڲţɵ۽һ㹻Ӱ쵽Լԡ
һεκˮĶͷ֣ȻȻδµɵ¶صЦ⡣
ɵ۴ģ֪ɵǷҶģ
˵
Ŷ뱾ɵ۴ģãɵ۾ͺһġ˵ʲôģ
ɵۺʵ
ҶսˣǾƾɵ۴ãӮˣɵ۴ӦһҪ󡣡
ƽ˵
˵˵ʲôҪ󣿡
ɵ۶Ϥһаʵ
Ӯˣɵ۷ȥҪΪ𡣡
ҧ˵ֻɵ۵УԼ˵ʮѡ
Ҫ󣿺ãɵۿԴӦֻ֮ɳһս
ɵ۴˻һڵӿЦ
ԭ׼ðԿԼͻϮȴǱҪֻһ˲սһʱ֮ҲԾ
ˣһսɣƴ֮ԱҲҪ
ҧս
ûз񶨣ȴҲûп϶Ϊ԰ڵΪȷʵʮֽӽԼ˽ڱУһ㣬ЩӦ
οǰʵǱذɣӣҲûжȡʤĿԡ
ڣĪҪ嶯⣬Һúһ롣
Ц˵
ðɣɵеʱȴǾһɣ
ɵۺٺһЦȻ
ɵ۵һǶų⡣
㲻ñɵʧɣԸһΪ˵ǴġˣǱɵҪҡԣֻʤܰܣ𣿡
ɵ˵ȴ͸λߵҳһ¡
ɵ۷ģܵˣһΪɵ¹͡
˵ȫ类ˮݹһ㣬ȻһʪģȫΪſ־¶ĺˮ
ˣô죡ȫԸҲܴһɳڵˡ֪ģҵ츳һ㣬Ҳûǿķ޷Խս
ѹ˵нޱȡ
ɳڵսɳڵˣϣ𣿡
ʵ
ȫܵ飡ȥսûпԡ
ֱԵ
ǰܹڵˣѾѾ˾ţ֮ɺڵˣұûκΰˣȴǽɳΪƺûȥս
˵
һٴԸµˣɣȥսӦûһ㡣
ڣ𣿡
ͻȻʵ
Ȼš
ںԥ˵
ãͰһԹսս
˵ԼĹ۵㣬ðڲסˣû뵽Ȼս
кܶ໰ɵ۵棬ô˵˷˺ܾãûԼսаա
ãˣһҪСġ
ڵͷӦ
һСĵġ
˵ȴǷǳƣԼҪչԼ츳򣬺Ѵܽڵˡ
˼ɳڵ˶Ͻɳڵˣսһ󼶱ɵۿҪ㣬ĪҪɱˡ
ɵ۹Ц
Ŀһʮֲмɺڵ˳սԼҲһЩɳڵսԼ⼸ôˡ
ɵۣһһҪϣɵκ¶òս
Ȼ˵
ǵȻɵ۴Ӧ㡣
ɵ۵ͷ˵
ƺѾȵЩͷˣɵ۵棬καԹҳԲѷ


1598 
׼սɵۿҪԶһս
ɵ۹Ц˳ɡ
Ҳвʵ˳ɾ룬ʱҲʮֽţΪӦǰȥսʵǽԼˣԼҲ䡣
վܵɵ۴˿Ҳұֵ̫š
ζԿɣ磬ɣ
ڱ˵ͼʿ
䣿ó
˵Ѿɢ״̬ʵսѾڵˡ
Ѫ
аνıâӿ֣ڳΪ֮⡮ѪƺˣһʩչΪ֮һ
ǿսɺ˵ʵˣǽɳȻԶ
ӳ
һҧʩչ׺̵ġӳʩչ֮£ΪȻﵽ˱Ч
ˣΪ˲࣬ԽɳڵҲᴦھ¡
ԭ˵츳ǿ󣬻ȥսȽƣָңҿûô
аâ˸вЩ
ܹܵԷƵӣȻڶʱҲɰ̾Է츳ǿ
츳ǿΣɳڣ˽ɳڣǶȫͬľ硣
˵ʩչѹѹεڿȣһֶ֮ơ
ԶԶ籾ɣսɡ
˵һʱ֮ɵ۵ѡ
ʵھƣȴԸһ㣬ˣھ¡
ҾͲţ޷㡣
һǿҪվȽŸڴʱȻٴڿ㣬ƺǰҪȶࡣ
һ֣ټǿƣȴ룬ԷδԼ
ಣ
ɽһѩ׵ɽɽ̺ǿ֮
֮⣬˶ֱΪһԷ֡һԷа
ڴʱΪɵԼҪڶԷӳȫʵ´Լͽ
ɽأĪֿȭ뱾սķأѵ㲻±ͻȻϮ㣿
ʵɵѣԼھ˲ɱ˶Է
սס
ٻսףȴɽûΪԼȻתȴûɽתΪɽԵƾ˫ȭԿԷ
ս˭ûУսף
һ˲һƬɫǻս£οʮֵ䡣
˫ȭסʱҲڿǣԼƾʲôܶԷлĻԼǲǸðնԷڣȻԻɱԷ
ǣ˵򵥣Ҫ쵽ȴǺѣϾԷǽɳڵˣٶҪԶԶĳԼ
СƱɣȻУɽأ
ƵʵһɳڵСƣʵ̫ûˡ
ҡţԷѹ̫ǿˣȻ޷סΡ
ұǽޣзɽ֣ҵĹǻǿ٣ҲƵĿԡ
뵽˷ɽ֮ȴͬʱЦлŰڵĿЦ
ֶɾȻʹ÷ɽʱĵĿЦЦڿоҵĲɵۣĿЦԵ̫ˣɵЦһס˶ӣָЦ˵ɵǷˣΪɼˣȴɽûɽʦ˭̫ɶˡɵڿ˵ȻЦʮֲáˣ㾹ȻɽûУʵûʲô˵ˡ
Ҳ̲ס˵ѾԷˣǵеķɽʱҲΨпЦʲôЦģûɽ⣬㱾ʹ÷ɽһҲԴ㡣
˵Ȼɵһۣɵ۵ΪȡЦ£ɻήɵ۵ķȡɵҲʦʦֻߣûзɽ磬ָɽ
㶼ﵽɳΪʦȴûзɽ磬ʦҪҲգ磬ݱɵΪʦɣԼҲöˣɵ۰ɱȻ㵱ɵ۵ĵӣ㿴Σ
ɵЦǺǵ˵ŵɫȫޣŵĶɵۣл类ˣǿ־Ī¶лɵۺ񰮣²ûаɵΪʦ뷨ɵ¡
ƽ˵ⷬٴΧĿɿڴ
ˣɵҪΪͽǿ˱ĸôӦأˣһԥĴӦΪ˵ҪΪڣɣȥɵΪʦ
˵
ڿЦĻش𣺡ˣҪɵΪʦô򵥵飬Ը⣬ɵҲӦ׾ͺã˵ĶɵΪʦûʲôȤҲֻһ˵
ðɣȻ㲻Ը⣬ǱɵҲǿѣɵֱɵаϲΨӦɵ۵Ҫ󣬷ԼɾҪɵɱˡ
׼аɣһһƽƽȴѾֳɫ˵ʵһ͵ĳǰնһȻƴʵ˵Ľڿн֯ȴһЦԭأٿȴǱһ֮⡣һ֮£ѾԷˣƺ֮СЦһȴЩɻǰԼԷΪȣһӦÿɱԷǻ˶Է򵥡ɱһȻٴηǰһ⣬ǵȵԷĽϮʱȴǸоЩ⣬ԷĽȻȷǿ˲١㾹Ȼӵн顣
еһٴֻһȴʮҡ½ʱʹý鼸һĹ˷ɽʩչͬЧԭޱм츳һˣֻн޲п飬ȻǼ츳ǻԵɺϣһĽ޷ġ
һĹٴνӽһĽٴαСڲӶԷˣԶԷһɳڵˣʹɽ¾ȻԼսнʮɣ⼸ǲġСӵ츳Ȼڱɵ֮£뵱ɵΪҲֻսɺڵˣȴҲսڵˣСȴǸɳڵս澹ȻǴھСɵа𾪣Ҳڲ֪иı࣬м֮⣬м֮ޡδرǱɵĶ֣磬ѡͶɣ
ڴʱʼԷʩչѹЦֻһڼˣ츳ڣȴҲȻܴܱɣĽĺԶ˵˫ɱɵ۶ʹɱˡ
ߣɳһ㡣˵ҲΪԼϾԼˣû뿪Ŀˡʹǿʵɣɵʶһ£ɳڵ˵жôǿ󣬾Ȼڽǰڳԡ⼤Ŀɵ۵ָʾڶԷļʵ´ܶԷಣֱʵжӦԷηһΣ֮󣬾Ȼ֮ǰǿ˼֡ɫ䣬ڽ¶Էһ󣬾ȻоһǿѹԷһȻѾﵽԼʵ
ڣһ˳岽һĽѾĽʮˣ´ٴֻ£Ҳᴦڽ֮СѾЩ˵ڿУһʮַḻԭ֮Ѿʧӣȡ֮һ𾪡û뵽ɳڵ˾Ȼܹﵽʵ̫ñˡ˵ϾŨ֮ɫɵ۴ʱҲ¶飬û뵽ɳڵ߻߱սɳ˵ʵ
ˣͣڼĺѾʵսʱȼϣѾʹ˲츳ȻڽԷЩ΢Ĳ࣬ȻЩԼӳսֱһ⣬֪Էδʹ÷Ҳڵʹ÷ʱΪǿȻ⼸㣬һʮ⣬ǾǽǿʶԼǿֲķУ˲ٶȡ
ǶԷδʼʩչ˲֮Ҳ뵽еĿ֮Լ֮Уž߱Էٶȡһ취ǾǱ仯屾壬Ȼ򲻵ѵʱʩչ屾壬һΪ屾岻ܹʩչһʩչȻԹ۵ĵˣΪһɵһԣǱɵ֪Լα壬ֻ»Լ޾鷳֮ʱչһȥȻǰϮһԵֵĴԼȻɼıɳȥ
ԭҲ׾ˣ˵ɳڵôûΪļأһֱ˳ʮ֮⣬ſڿͣס̲סһЦζǱɵĶֵģ
ǿɲ˵㣡ҧ˵һɽ֮ϾȻ¶˺ޱİɫ档Ļһʶ̽ǰɫʱȻоʶҲܲǰɫһҲƲ⵽ɫвԼ֮塣
Ӧǲܵ飡ɳڵˣǿҲвǿһȼ֮塣һ˲˺ܶ࣬ȵֵԷĻ潣ʱŷԼǰȡõƾȻٴαԷʳ


1599 
ڽƴʱƾУĻ潣д͸ʺиΪ츳ˡ
ʹ˷ⷨͬһ޴һסȻγһ͸Ľɫâ
һĻ洩͸ҲϤնǡ֡ϣֻҪıĽԷаֱ뵽С
ǡаֵڿУɫġаȻŹĹâÿ⡮аһĹǡаѹϾȻնֲĽ⽣ɽҪǿϲ١
ͬʱɽǡаѹ֡һͬչƻ㴦֮СʱҲǿԶԸɽǡаչǿһĽܵѹһж£岻ϵıԷĽˣһ츳ѣȴҲս˴ЩĵȴǶʱֲġ
㱾ɲɱ㣬ҲķѴʱ㽫ֻͶ֮޻֮
ٺЦͬʱɽѾﵽļޡ
βţҪӦԷɽҪӦԷķ൱ҪԸͬǿĵˡ
Ȼ츳ԣ޴ȴҲֻĵҪһ㣬ԶԶûдﵽԤЧ
ڿսƬ֮Ѿռƣ򲻶ϵķſԵֵԷĹ
ֶ֮Էδ½̫࣬вɾﲻѣԼ˫ֶι£Էֵʵ𾪲ѡ
ɵ۵¶ĪЦ⣬Ŷ˵սѾ˽
Ͼֻɳڵˣ츳һûķ£ȴҲ޷ɽսޡ
аţȴҲߴٶ˵սΪһʱԣɵ۶ԣǺԲƵġ
ͬʱɵ۵ıѾһ߷ȻڿоĹս֧ţȴҲⳡսнп಻һͬʱԶԷɽ뷨ʱͻȻһѪ
ɫѪҺɽڿУͬʱɵҲɵɴ۾
ɫѪҺһǰˣ
ɵоʵǣɵ۵ļʶܿԼ뷨
˴ѪҺһİ֮壬ѵӵܣ
뵽ܣɵ۵ͻȻһּȾϲֺµĸог֡
壬ɽ缸һ˵е壬ݼأһͷӵнɫѪҺɽɱķеɵȴҲĶ֡
һսųɽ֮һɽֻ֣֮ɽɵȫѡ񳼷ʱȴͻȻɽ֮ʧ
Ǽ٣Ǵ˵񻰣Ѿûж˿֤ʵǣȻڶʵ
ɵУҲ⴫˵ŰɣȴСʵһֱ壬ȴֺ±
ĽɫѪ󣬺Լ˵ıԼʤǸֻ¶ܼȥˣΪԷȻӵнɫѪҺ
æʩչĽɫѪҺȫջأڴʱȴɵһȴѾʧ
ȵɵٴγʱѾմȾһνɫѪҺȴޱȵĽɫѪҺõǰᣬȻȻܵһĪľηС
ǽɫѪҺѵѾɽ磿
ɵ˵Խӡ
ɱ
ͬһ㣬Ҳɵ۵Ķֻڴʱɱ
ɽǡаĹƵʾȻһ£һչֵĹƸͣЩģǲϵıԷɳȥ
ǿǿصҲڴʱ֣۶ԷĹƶôǿҲ۱Է˶Զһ˲䣬ֻصԭλȻս
֪ɽɽɣ
Цһ͵ɽ֮ע֮һɽȻӿֳҫ۵İâԣɽһ㣬ȻǡаĹơ
סˣɽһĹ
˻һеɽݺݵնǡаĹҲͬʱ
ŵǶԷĶֹȻʼڿгں֮ơ
ɽѾҵĹĶǼǡаĽãѾﵽɱľơ
д󾪣ڵֵԷ֮ʱȻԷĽھ
ɱ
ɵпЦֹȴԥһ˲䡣
ͷ­˲ּңǵֲĽǰУɫһɣΪԼѾɱˡ
ˣɵӦòɱ˰ɣΪǼһĽɫѪҺɱңҾҲӲˣϣҵôɣ
ɲ⣬ΨԼɵ۵ɱ


1600 
ˣһҲҪˡ
ѹĺʱѾҡ
СʹʲôȻԶ룬Ųɳڣɵǿ̽鵽һһʱȻ֪ûбɱ
ɵۣѾɵ۽񡣡
˵
ɵЦһԶأ㿴
ǵʧȴͷ­ȻͬʱԼٶȷУ߾Ȼɱ֮ٶȿʼϡ
ܣⲻܰ
Ŀ帴ϣľһŲòʵ
⵽ʲôһ£ѵԷɱ𣿡
Ƶ˵Ȼ͵ŭһɲаһҪɱ㡣
д󾪣ڶԷľԽ£Լʩչ֮ȴҲֻܳ䲻һ㱻Էɱ壬ǿɾǵòʧ
䡣
һһö䣬ڴִ֮һɣȻڴʱ˿̳ԭеʶʵҲֱһֹ
䵱֣Ǹ˵ʵֻڣȴҲֻǿһΪѾﵽڣȻһΪĪͬӳһ㣬κһΪ
аһ嶯һö䡯Ҳˡ
ɵϵģ
Цѣû뵽ԼôùȻˡ
ɵٴһԷɵϵ츳ˣһʮӣһ츳֮ǿҲʹģԼˣ
뵽ɵҲз壬ɵۿɵۣʵǿҲɵۼĸ֣ǲʮˣǿɵۣɵҲȥǡ
ѪɵϵСӵͷȻ֮󣬿ɵסһɵ۴޾鷳
ɵţǱ㰵̾һԷɲڻˡ
ֻһ˲䣬ȻչֻһεĹȴǱɳȥ
һѪȴ˲˻˶оǸˣܶصҲͶ뵽ս״̬С
ȥɣ
ֱӳȥǡаҲ֮ǰƽ
սԼĪʱͻȻһ⣬ԼԷжԹʱܵԶԶҪΪơ
ƾķǷԳܣ
һȻڴʱջ˷ɽȻһڿУֱԶԷĹ
ȵһݺݵնڶԷϣһ¡ȴͬߵķһ˳ȥǹǿҲ屻ʮɡ
ɳڵˣȻǿ⵽ǸʲôĹ
пЦȻһ˶Է֮ϵսףȴ޷Է֮С
սƬ仯ɣԶԷĹʱȻҲֵסȴǵס˶ԷĹ
ѵսڿоȻѸٵĻۣȻٴνĿɿڴû뵽Է츳ȻԼ֪
ȻˣֱֵԷĹɣ
ԼѾӦսױḶ́Щʹ֮⣬ƱǰҪ΢츳ҪָսףҲ˲ʱѡ
ʱͬ˴ĳҧ𣬾Ȼ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ɱ
ٴȫ壬ֻһΣȴֻǻؿڲֵսסǰɣս׵ķôͻȻˣѵ֮󻹻𣿡
аȴ¶һصЦ⣬ȵָؿڵսʱҪˡ
ƾԼʩΪȴʼ޷ɱһɳڵߣͻһ̵Цһ㣬ϧȴЦʵ
׸ɱأѵҵΪɱܣ޾ģƵ£һĴҲֻмҲĴţȴʮֵʹ࣬ԼԣֻдܶԷʤ޿κ֮ƣҲζԼˡ
ƾ츳ûаܸȴҲ޷ɣˣ뱾ɵ۵ĶԼ˭Ӯ˭أɵЦʵ
ֻһʱ֮仹û뵽δܶԷİ취ȴǾԲڴʱƽ֣Լʧȥ뿪Ļᡣ
ɵ԰꣬һսҪķѶ೤ʱ䣬һԴһ죬һ£һ꣬һ꣬սʤ
˻һɵ۲ɵͷΪ˫˵츳ԣ츳ҪǿֹһڳʱսУտ϶ʤ
ɵۣһʱ䣬һ
ɲ䣬ΪǳԳԿ
ãȻ˶䣬Ǿͼսȥһ꣬һ꣬ɵۻһֱڴ˹սɵ۵ͷ˵


1601 
ľ㻹ʲô뱾ߺߣ
Ц
ΰɣ㣡
ȴ䣬ξȻʧ˶û뵽Ȼչ˲ƹһҴ⣬˲ƺˣ׼ܶԷͻȻϮ
ֻǣ˲ƵĿ꾹ȻԼԼķ
ʲôѵҷЦɺˣһǱķΣ
а
ȻȻģ˷ʹӳ£ԼſԷƽ֣ģʽڲúʧʱԼڸҵУԣ˷ҪѰҴܶԷĻᡣ
ûüջءаȴԷȻһץסˡаʼδ뵽ԷҶԼķ

һ֮䣬ǡаչԶĹ£ȴ޾塮аƾĹԼһֻȴεץסˡа
ڴʱֱӿֳһ΢ĺââĽǡа֡
ʲô
ʵҪٻءаȴЩģǡаԷεץסˡ׼ǿԡаĿʱȥһâаɫ潫ǡаסˡʲô˼
ɻĶ׼ʱͻȻ͵һȻ¶֮ɫ

ʹĺоʶȻشһѪиǳŨŨĿ־֮ɫ
ڴ֪ʲôôԵʹأ
СӺǿȻԹɳڵʶֻǣôԶԸʶģɵҲЩ벻ôġ
Ȼȴ֪ô£һ˲䣬㷢ʶشԷԼʶƷȻԻշһǡýʶΧС
ʶɣ
ʹкֻ˵ʶᵼ·Чȴû뵽һᱻԷɡ
ʱ֪ԼһβѰĵ·ֻڳǡش˶Էʶ
һչȫɣɫǷ֮ʶûöãڿʹıͷʶɵʹԲһܳܵġ
һţĿԷķԻ֮жϷԷϵȻȡе֮
ֻǣôû뵽ԼɶԷʶ֮㽫Էڷеʶһա

ڿзţڴڵѪΪʶɵĽ⣬ʶķɡ
ף⡮аѾ֮ˡ
һšа˵ɵҲҡҡͷû뵽ȻʤȻַȡԷķĴ˳ռ˷ơ
ѡеһպ󣬾ɵҲĿɿڴĿһ𽥵ĳ￿
ܿ㽫еһգоﵽ״̬ս֮ǰΪǿ׼ˡа֮ʱȴͰ͵Ķ⡮аǣֱӽа˹ȥĽ֮
ɵˣѹûзսˣԭǸֵļһȻڵЩҲҪɣñɵ۴۽硣ʵɱȡѡ㷽ⷨڵֱʹñɷӳһĹǣеΪҲǲ˶٣ˣǰϹôһ
ɵЦ˵
лɵ۹ģɵۿɿˣɲҵķҶȡģԾϹҲǰϹҵķҶԷȤʵڲô󣬻һ
ȴ˵ɷа˾ͬһɫҰ׵ĺѪɫ
ǲҰ׵ǱߣѪԵΪۣıǾ״˫ۼҪɳۿȴŵϴ󣬻˹Ƶľ塣
΢ЦǰǷеŸǿΪӵг£Լ־ֵ֧ĸһЩ
ɵһۣе뷨ѾΪղı䡣
ǾĪþ˵ʱ˿̣еսȴȫŨŨĿ־ȡ
㻹ʲôǿĹԷһʹɣҲûлˡ
˵ǴаȵЦ⡣
ĬȻʱ㻹ǿĹԷȴҲʹóҲΪԷṩѡ
˵ɲȥһѾķжŵǧɡ
һ˲飬ʲôƵģЦΪǲѾˣû´ѾﲻڵΪˡ
Բǣ
ĺ֮価ǽš
ʼֻǶԴЩɣɵԷش֮ʱѾȫ϶Լˡ


1602 
ܿԼղ˵̫ˣвһڣϧҲûʲôãԶԷǻۣӦòµԼΪˡ
ΪˣⱾһʮֿɱ飬Ƿս֮УʱѾЩ֪ζԿˡ
ȴǲŹλᣬѾ˲ơ
ʱʶҲѾ࣬Ҫ̽˲ƹ켣ȴ̫ѵ顣
˲ƽٴ㣬ٶȻЩ΢Ĳ࣬˫Ϊ˳²ʮԡ
ε˲ƣ㿪˲ƣһʩչǿʱˡ
ಣ
ͻȻʧȻٳڿУ˷޷̽鵽˲ƹ켣ˣжʱЩ֪롣
֪£ͻȻʱγѣ˲ʱȴԼķѾһץסˡ
ã
ЩץˣһնֻһնȴȻһЦȻһҲںɽ
ʱΪѾ࣬һʧȥĹԷˣܷĹѾǰࡣ
˹Ϯ壬ƾǿҲԵֵĽ
ԼĹƺӰ󣬵ŵľʧǣʱҪطȴֵĻǿʶġ
νһǵһǡ
ɲͬʱ¶󣬴ʱԼĹ޷˺һ˲Ƶǧ֮⣬ǷԷȴǱץС
ɲԷʩչɫ棬ڻ£ǷԷĻᶼûУΪѾԷ
ˣжԷϵ̸оһܵʹࡣ
Ͼķһʹõķʱı˶ȡʶķɿ֪жôֲ
һݣֱӿʼǷеܿٶȱ㽫֮һա
Ƿһպеһϲû뵽£ԼڵȻﵽһֵ
֮Լڵڱһ㣬ʼͻȻʱԱʽӡ
ͻǿӿڣ󲿷ֵԿʼ֮ߣűֱ֮С
˵򵥣ʵȴʮʹĽ׶ΣʱУоһǰδеʹоȫָоڱ˳Ƥһ㣬ʵʹ̡
𣡡
ŭ֮󣬾Ȼ˰һҡ
ֱҪˣû뵽ԷʱȻȻԼȴٴΪһߵ顣
ΪˣѾǵڶϷڶҲΪֱ˵ڡ
ڽɳڵΪ£ûմԼΪ˵ںﻹаš
һʹĥҲԵЩӰӣܿ飬Ҳָԭеƽ״̬С
ڣʱΪڴﵽΪʶҲ֮ǣǰҪǿ١
ڣǴﵽһΪˣһ£
ɵ۵ЦЩŹ֣ԼεĴ䶨ˡ
ϲڣ
ϲ˵ʱһҲԼΣˡ
ֱͶأҪʵ㣿
һЦ˵
ãȻ֪룬и޷ִھ޴ѹ£ͻȻڵ֮Ȼ֮һȻоһͷĿѣ
ӮˣӮˣ
ͻȻ¶һЦȻ쳤ЦһĿϲ˶Щ⡣
Ӯˣˣġ
ڶ仰Ѿľ״Ҳ֪Ϊִ̼ܲˡ
ȻˣܸӮ˰ɣ
Цſ˵
㣡ѾˣҲûӮ볹״ɱӮ
ɵȻ˵оһ⡣
˵ˣûʱ£ǰη˿̷ˣȴΪ޵Уﻹκ˷۽
ɱҪɱ
ͻȻȻһֱӳ˹ɽֱ֮
ĺã
һ岻˷ԷɽԼźץס˶Էɽ⡣
ȥ
Ҫǰȴûдֺ̽Ϊǽⱻεסˡ
ɱңװɵҲ޼£
ƽ˵͵һȻɲǼ峺֮г׵ȥѾûκɫ
ô
ȻɵЦȻҪɽȴȥ
㣬ɲҪƽˡ
ֱ˵Ȼſеɽĳˡ
Ӧ˰ɣ
аĽԷɽȡУȻ󣬵ɫ潫ɽʱͻȻڿвҽе˫ֱͷڿзķתƺܵʹ


1603 
ɶԷɽ֮еʶȻֱɽ֮е֮Ҳʶȥ̽Ϊˡ
һ̽飬ֶԷΪȻѾ˵ɳڣʱѾԼûκ˿в
ɵۣҶ˵Ĵģ㽫Ҫˡ
ɵЦɵȴɫƽֻǲÿɷЦЦ
Ӯ˵˻ɣ
ɵ۵һۡ
ԣʩչ˲˲ƵߣûӦʱѾһץסļ
ȻһƬãȻ֮ɫ㶵ĶӦ󣬵һȭ
ͬʱ֣Ȼһץס˶Էȭͷֵķɽȴ͵ڿлââ˲γһŵİɫ档
ЩڿʱȴǴ˷סʩչɫҲԽԽ࣬һֻ֣ٴκ
ȴһ岻һģֱˣҲӳȭڿдƫˡ

ͻȻΧĿֲ棬㷢ֵֻǻȴֱϣֻһ˲ĹΪһˡ
Ϊ˺ѾȻٴμǿǣĲҽڿз
ò˶ãѾΪޣһŽɫ֮ԾȻڻ֮С
ſһֱӽǻ֮븹Уɵ۵˵ĺâ⺧˵ĺâܿʧ
ϲӮ˽ڵˣ
ϲ۸ߺ
ڣҵѡȷİɣ
ٺЦ
ȷԵȷȥսֻһܵĺܲңǿǽڼˣȫǲͬĸ
ڵشȴһϲɫ
ɵɫƽվԭأҲ֪ЩʲôҲЩԲ׼ɵ۵׻᲻صԼ
ɵۣǰĳŵ˰ɣ
ɫȻ˵
ʲôŵ
ɵͻȻɻʵ
ôѵΪɵ۾Ȼˣ
Щõ˵ɵ۸ҲسŵԼҲ
ߣʲôﱾɵۣ
ɵ۵ɫһ˵˸оһ޷ݵĺ⡣
ǿΪ
ɵʱΧĿҲƺ˲ˣܿ죬ΧȻʼƮѩ
ˣǾڴ˵ذɣܹΪɵЧҲһʮҫ顣
ȰһȰŭ˵ãһ˵ֱҲŭˡ
ڣ£ҾԲ㣡ǲһֱΪҲҳͷ㣬ԣŸһ٣ٶΥ汾ɵ˼Ǳһξ㣬һΣٸұɵ˼Ǳɱξ𣡡
ĺȵһðͬѣԼվһˣԼ뷨
ˣֻһ⡣Ҫ֪ɽʵΪΥɡһڵˣôɵ۽أⱾһ񣬼Ȼɵ۲ӦҪӦ˶ΣôԼΥɵ۵˼أҲ뺦㣬㡣
ЩƵ˵˻һ׶Էһʲôˡ
ţڴˣԲͬһϥɵ۵֮£ǻԼ빲벻
ܺã˵ĶԡЩദķϣҸһ˵Ļᡣ
˵֮󣬵ǰڽ͹ϵ
㾹Ȼ˾⣿
˵ȴǰԾϲڵԼûʲôˣԷˣҲ޷ԼκεӰ졣
뵽ʱ˿̣ԼɲͬǰΥɵ۵˼
ڣɵ㣬ɵ۸ղ𣿡
ɵʵ
ڱһ㶵ʱû˼ʱ䣬شɵжԼ±Ǽ֤ߡ
ɵһʵôɵĶԼ˭ʤ˭أ
˻һھȻ˳Ĭ֮С
һЦʱЩڣҲ̰֮
ԥһ˲䣬ͻȻɵ۵Ĵеһ
ɵۣɵжԼӮɵۡ
ޱȿ϶˵ȻЩΨ̳ɱԼ
˵ϹΪԼǱεģΪԼǲ˵ѻɵ۱ɶԼ
ȻֻǰΪԼѵһɰˣĲĽǸ˵ѵġ
Ѷ˵Ǿ˵ɵû䣿
ɵۺٺЦ
׳գ

˭
ڵӿڵ
㣡
ƽĻش
ƾʲôңѵ֪ʱʽɵ۵ǰʲôǣ
Ƶ˵
˵ɵһǰ׳ա
ȥˣһڵıѣɵ۵ĲسŵֱӼŭ


1604 
ɵǰ׳գΪ˭ѽȻš
ŭ
Ĳͷˣɵۣ
ɵ۵ЦֻһΧĿƺ½˲٣ΧĿռ侹Ȼȫʵ塣
ֱӱɵ۵ı֮УĻᶼûУǰȴǶһ١
ڣΥ汾ɵ۵³
ɵЦ˵
ɵ䣡Υɵ֮⣬Ǿɱ
˵ɵвɰԺЦ
֮иŭԼηѾţ֮ȴǱһɵ۸ˣܲŭأ
ڴʱͻȻӿֳɫĻ棬澹ȻԼٶΧı顣
ɵԽԼлᣬΪͽܡ
ˣ
ɵ΢һ䣬ǿеı龹Ȼȫ˲ʧӰ٣δֹһ㡣
ĻҲѾȴ˵ɵۣб±ɱңֻҪɱңһܿ䡣
ʱΨûлвɵۣǸϽ˵
ɵۿЦû뵽ڵ˼Ⱦܾ˰ԼΪʦΥԼԸԼʱȻвԼ
㻹òɵ۵һ£
ɵۿЦʵ
ɵʲôɱңɣҾ͸㽫˵ˣ㶯ӣûȥţɱԣ
һνЦ⣬ɵ۵ҡͷû뵽Է˵ľ
С֮ˣɵ治ܵ򣬺롣
뵽ɵ˵ҲҪвɵۡɵ۷ŲǸ㿪Ц㵽׻᲻ǿߣڣɵ֪ˣǲκ˵ġӵܣɵ۵Ϊ㣬ôɱأ
ţͻȻЩԾû뵽ɵۻ汻ŵˣԼʱոձɵ۶̫ãҪɱԼ
һ룬ڵŵȫ˵ԲҸղŲǹģԭҡ
ԣȴͬûһ㣬ֻǶɵ˵ɵۣӦĳŵڣҪ뿪˵ˡ˳㣬ѣ˺һֻġ
ģɵȻݺɽ磬ȴǿ塣𣬱ɵ۲鷳ڣҪҪɵ۰ɱ
ɵһЦʵ
ֻȻһЦȻ˵Ϊ֮
㾹ȻŹ
ɵ۾ʵ
С󣬷ŹΣ´ٸڱǰţɱɱ֮
Ȼ˵
ɵ㵹ʮͶԵҪȥɵڻ㹲
ɵۺˬĴЦ
ɵۣźлᣬһġˣڣ
˵꣬α㳯ϷȥɵǶ壬ֱʧǰ
Сӽǰ;ñǱɵ۵ĵˣ򣬾ǿ籾ɵۣҲͷ
ɵڿ
ãɵ˴Ҳҳİڣڣһʮıǿˣ㾹ȻұڱɵǷʮķڴ˴ɵὫ㵱һ¡
ڼˣ˵ɵۣ¸ɣһɵĹԲ㱳֮ģɵ۲ţ¿Էġ
ģԣɵţڴ˵ɣɵۿɲҪµķˣ
ɵɱڵ˼ûУΪԼһɵ۵ɱ̫ˡ
֮УǿƣڵΪŲɺڣΪڴ˵ȥļʻ΢΢ġ
ڣǸ𣬱ɵƺҲýˣ͸һӰɣ
ɵ룬ڿͻȻʧ
ããУֻʣ°һˣʱڵᣬԼһ˵˵ĻУûǿɽֻǴ粽С
ȻʮģԼԭأֻ¹˶ҲΧɱ
УҪ뿪
룬һȻҲɶݵķȥ
ʱѾһˣãǣ޹ҡ
һв֪жˣһ򴳵ƺ˼һ㡣
ΪѰҵ뿪Ĵߣݳ죬ȻʼȫǰС
һ·ϣЩ˵ΪҲԽԽͣƵˣǺԥɱȻȡ֮壬ЩΪһǳɵġ
ӵǿ츳дһԼΪһԷٵ
û֮ԼڵΪѾʮȶˣڵЩԪ֮ԼʶҲΪķչ
⣬ɼˣȡԼΪɺڵΪ
ÿһµأԼΪΪɳڣһЩ˱ء


1605 
ȻҲмֻѯһȻͨؽ磬ˣһֻǵлȥὫ֮ɱ
ʱţתѾȥ˰£ԽоڵΪͻƵļ󣬶ǴȴһҲûѰ
һƬʱͻȻʵȻࡣ
ǵǰƬ˵Ϊֻеɳڣ⼸Ϊ͵ģھݣҲ׵Ľ֮ɱ
ʱȴִ˵صһڵˣʵᣬֻĵ̽һȻ뿪
ٵЩ˵ΪȻԽԽǿʱȻʼһɳڵˡ
ɳڵʮţаŭɱ˶ᱦԪ֮塣
оʱпͻڵΪһ˺ü˵֮壬ȴԼûͻƣڵȴڷǿ
ǵǿ˵Ԫ֮壬Ҫƺ̫ˡ
ǰɶݣɵµغȴֶԷΪȥɲ⡣
СӣӺδȻҴ뱾ɵĵ򡣡
һʮˣһİɫסȥ·
ѣ·˵ضѣѸ̧֣ó·ɲʤм
ȭʮò˵
ߣڵˣҲҳƺΪѣƱɣ
ʵ
ǣҲ֪㵽״ﵽʲôΪôܹƺأ
Ц˵̬òȴҲû¶˿־֮ɫ
ǽڵˣ㲻ڵˣǸóƺѣأ
˵˵мĶ´һ󣬾ȻƺԵ¹Ȼ
ǽڶѣΪҪƺ֣
˵ΪıǼŭԷ
ڵˣһΪˣǿԴܣһԼɶԷ֮壬Լֱӽ
ڵΪȥսڵˣѳ̶ȲɳڵΪȥսɳڵˡ
ȥǶԼʮ㣬Ϊ֪ԼʱпͻƣǽɺڣսİҲԽ
ɶСӣ㾹Ȼ·ϣ
Ц֮⣬ȥХһȻΧɽȻһӦ
ãһﾹȻа֡
а
һɽ֮бɳһˣȴһŮӣŮݾǰ͹£ڿзʱȻһŮǰĴ
ӣ㿴һӢˡ
ǰ˺ٺЦоȻ֮ɫ
ŮӵһۣŶֻݵһȴҲŲߡ
ηĶŶԷһӺ󣬲ɸ̾棬ŮӾʮҲа˵ģֻѾԴӵЧˡ
ѣһһᣡɲλǱɵ๫ǣѣӭҵȵء
Ů΢΢һЦЦľЩģϸǷһΣ˫ֱȭҲʮֵ£ǸһõӾܡ
ŮǰɱҲ࣬еսҲб嵭ࡣ
λ֣ɽ㣡·λأλͨڣóһ·
¶׺ʮЦ⣬Ȼ˵
˵˵һԶСҲýѡɵķϲЦˣղһڹ⼤ŭ㣬ĪҪ뱾ɷƽϡ
ŮչһЦͻȻһŮôôģȻԼȾơ
ЩͲͨҵΪǿ˵зеɣǣҵΪҪϲ٣ΪҪأ
ɻǱЦƴǵλʵҪлλĺ⣬°飬Ƿ֮ʱһڶλּƺȡ
ǶԣȴǶһۣȻͬʱ¶Ц⣬æȭֵܣŶеֵĪҪֵ֪ܿǰǺδ
ֲؿţҲдԭ¡ǰҲǻĵ𣿲֪˵ʲô˵²ʤм
Ц˵
ʵǰڵĵ˵Խ磬ڵĽɱֵǺҴڣֻѰ·ڴغ򣬱ΪѴҲҪǰѰ·
ɫµ˵һĳֿ顣
ɲĸֻ֣˵ҪһֱǰѰҴ˭֪⴫󵽵ںδأ
֣лѣ¾ͲֱӴڵĵˡ
Цǻ֪ڵʲôɣȴҲɾԲȥ
ڻУҪһɣ߾ҪӵгǿʵҪɣ𼶱˿ԴġˣһѾµڿɵۼֵĴڣɵ۵ӣô᲻أ
ȻֻƲѣɵĵ򣬻ڵĵԼԣ𲢲ر


1606 
ɵۼĸڱ߽紦ر𼶱ˣҲԴ롣ԣֵܻǲҪǰˣ絽СһҲýΧֵֵܲСɱ֮
΢Ц˵˫۾˵һ㣬ʱ
ѣɷԾʵһ⣬Ѳ᲻ɣ
ɫ糺ǳЦȻգգвɸΪɻˡ
лλĺˡȻǰ޷ͨ¾зذɣλʹ˱ڣ
˵Ȼ㿪ʼ·䣬Ƕ˿У
ϵǳЦҲƺסˣǸʹһɫǻ⣬˵ֵȥҪֵ̡
ִԲӣֲϤҪ̡Ҫ£ȥӰɣˡ²ˡ
ԶԶĴѾɽ¼ٷС
ǵһȻʼ׷ǲŭѣû뵽Ȼ˵߱ߡ
ûʹ£ٶȻǸǣ֮Բûм죬ʵ뿴ԷкĿġ
ಣ
ǵǰǲҲѾ׷ԶһǰһĽм䡣
СӣƲԳԷƣ㵱˵߾ߵĵط𣿡
һķŭ֮ɫǰкͰ֮ȥԶͬˡ
ߣߵķ⣬ߣ
ҲЩŭˣû뵽˾Ȼƭʵ֮¡
ǵΪֱ˵ǣαװˣȡͷԵƭأ
Σ壬̬ʵ
ӣҲֻʵԹˡ
ЦȻֳ̰Ĺâ
ǣȥ󣬸޹סʹҩӰЧġ
ӺٺЦȻһѾʧ
вһϲֻڵĸǣԼδؾֻǸŮΪҪǿĶ࣬Ƕûʲôա
򣡡
ƺȥȻֱʹܣҲΪ֮һ㶣ܿ㷢ԼһɵĿռС
һĽҲ޼Уо˲٣ΪʱֻҪԸһˡ
СӣֱѡͶأҪѡԵͷͶ
ǲмƺδԼʤѶ
ŮΪΣȶԸ˵
д⣬ǱЦ㲻ǲһѣʲôõġб¾ɱ˱ɣҪͶǲܵ顣

Ǵŭɽ
ʹѪȻǡӳ֮ɽ
Ƿɽ
ǾǲŭЦĿıӡ
ѾﵽڵΪʹѪ롮ӳ֮սѾһϣʵԶԿɺڵˡ
顣
ʹ󣬻Ѿֲ˷ɽԷɽĲ࣬ǸҲɰЦ
ʹΪڽɳڵ˹£ԼҲھУԷٶǽڵΪһԣǴС
ֻЦĶһҲĶԷʵΪԼڵΪ£һԶռݾʵơ
֪Լʵ޷ԷᲢۣڴʱ£ԼѾ˺üΣԽڵˣҲһ
Ϊ̫ˣ治ףɵ۵лġ
ǺٺЦϷʰƺҪѰҵϵĿ־֮ɫǵ֮⣬ڶԷϾȻҲһ˿Ŀ־֮ɫ
ѰһɶԷķȴֶԷûκηڶԷɽɲðʧȥɣΪԼסԷɽȫһǶԼв
ٺ٣츳ˣɿɲһɱ㣡Сӣ׼ûץˡ
ЦţȻ󾹽ɽջأڿд˴˫ֵ֣֮ĳ
ȥ
һԷնȥͻȻֳһ״׵սףȻ
䣡
ȫһ£ǽݺն˸ǵļ򴦣ս׵ķǿеֵĽ
һֽ֮ڵˣʵǽɳڵҪǿ࣬Լնһ󣬾Ȼһǿˡ
СӵĽȻʵѾڽɳ˵Ĺˡ
аʱѾԼ򴦵ս׳һ˿Ƶĺۼ
ಣ
ڿмٳձˣʩչο˶ԷĹ
ףʲôȻ棡
˿Уû뵽һڵ˾ȻԶ㿪Լץ
ಣ
ֱʩչ˲ƣȴ˸գԼȻ޷ȫ̽鵽Է˲ƹ켣һ˲˿ա
Ȼ˷ʹȴǱʱѹĶࡣ
ڸǸоʱҲÿһζ߸˿ֻʮǿıܹ˶Է


1607 
Ǳɵ㲻˵ġ
ǴȻʼڿиеϸ΢ҪѰҳ켣
ҲʮεľУʱֹͣ򽫻ᱻԷץסֱʱŷԼǲʹһö䡯ԼѴܶԷ
Ƭ֮󣬸ٴֻȴ̫СˣΪûκε˲ƹɿѭ
ಣ
ǲϵ˲ƣΪʹε·߲ԶøеϣδϨ
ãȻ˲ƣһֻ»һļʱײϡ
ָѾټԼĽ˲ƣڴ˴ȴѾ˲Ƶһ
һڸ޷ж˲ƹ켣ʱҲ޷жϵ˲ƹ켣ˡ
ڣ˵ڿײһţǸǵһץסĸ첲ʱʩչȴҲ޷ɡ
ץסһ˲䣬ֱһһֱնڶԷֱϣ¡һ졣
ĽαһȴǱһɾ޴ķ֮Ǹ۵ֱ۴ս׶һơ
ٲͶɱɱ㡣
ǶݺݵвһֻҲһ첲ץȥΣʱ֣ܵһٴγԷֱնɱȥһɰ׽ɫĻ潣͵ĴӷɽϱǵĺɫͻȻŴ۱ܵҪܣȴѾԵ̫ˡ
˽£ԸǵٶȣҪܳĽҲܣڸǻץסһֻ첲¡
һն˲һԷĸһһǳɣǸǣҲû뵽ԷڽµĹ˹졣
꣡
һǾȻҽһû뵽ԷĽȻԼһֱ˲䱻ǽֱն
䣡
һѾݺǣһʧ£ȫ˱֮С
ôͻƱɵķ
ǲŵ˵شȴһֲĻ潣
ã
аۼԷĽʵնԼۣſһȭԷĽȻչ˲ƺˡ
˵μͬʱˣĽȻȴϲԷȭǿ󣬵ҲŶԷȭˡ
ٴڿ֮ʱȴǸǧɵľңӡ
ڵˣôôǿ󣿲ֻͬ˲ſͻҵս𣿡
аűԷնϵֱۣᡣ
ԭΪԶ빥£ҪƾͻƸǵս׷Ǽǳ˵ε飬ֻڽ£һб㲻һˡ
ʱΪѾڽɳڵˣĻ뽣ǡеƻˣһն϶Էĸ첲Ҳ֮е飬ϾԣǽڵˣҲҪԶԶ
Թ޵ŭ۶һأǶϿڴһƬ죬ֹסѪʱͬȥǺˡ
СӣɽƴűҲҪɱⱾͷ֮ޣ
Թʮĺû뵽Ȼһڵǰ˸ͷ
ڱǰţһֱۣΪһ½˲ٰɣ
΢΢һЦ͵ľ𣬾ȻŴ첲ǸǷűնµֱۡ
Ǹղ鼱֮ºˣȻѰֱֱۣ۱ԷնϺǿ̽ϣҲԼΪжӰ졣
Ȼʱ˿̣ǴֱȴУԴˣ㵱ʮ
Сӣ콫ֱۻ뱾ɣ򣬱һʬΡ
Ƕݺݵĺ޲̳ȥֱۣɱ
ٺ٣㣬㶼ɱңΪҪأ㱾ɽһһصҲỹ㡣
һЦһնеĴֱۣһָն¡
Ҫ
ץĺӶҪɳˣĿԼָԷ£еһʹ
˵ҪͲҪǱ̫ûˣ
ȻһЦеĽڿлŶ佣ָͷ̱г⡣
ֵܣǱɵĴ֪ˣ㽫ֱۻɣˣ
ͻȻһ࣬¶ޱȿ飬Ҳ뷽Ż˸Ƶġ
ϷڵϣԵ˹Ӱˡ
аΪֻһ˲䣬ԷѾԹʮ׺תΪˣٶȿҲò
ֵܣѾŹˣֻҪ㽫ɵֱۻɾԲ鷳кðɣΪǧࡣ
̾һ֮ɫԵʮֿ
ǻˣ̷׷ɱң
֮ᶨԲǸǿġ
˿ҲЩĲô
Ҳ̾øаϲӿڵǰһ˵ʧȥһֱ۵Ȼʮֿ顣ûʧȥȻʧȥֱ۵ʹࡣ㽫ֱۻɰɣʱӵԽãӻֱۺЧԽ
Ϊˣɲžһֱۣ㹻ƽˡ
Ȼ˵ֻ֮ȴ¶һŵЦ⡣
ˣлѣ
ǸϽла޴ȻԸ⻹Լֱۡ
ֱۺ󣬱Сӵڣ
жݺݵţֱָֻۺɱԷ
Ȼ黹˵ֱۣǹ黹൱Ѱ·ʱͻȻȵһۣҾͻһۣ㿴ˣ
ɽʱɵˣû뵽˵Ĺ黹ֱȴնԼֱۡ
һնԼۣѪɽȻǸǿһ㶣૵ȻǽɫѪҺ㵽ʲôˣ
ʱķɽ֮͵ðһŰɫ棬ܿ콫ǵϱ֣˲书Ƕϱ۱㱻Ѹٵڵˡ
ղٿأԼնµڿУȻŹһõ˵£ƽ˰ɣ㿴Ҳֻʣһֱˣʵ϶ܵ˷ǳӰ졣Ҫĳŵ鷳
ƿԣԷĻԼʵЩЦãԼվǱԷˡ
ʧȥֱۣΪ½˲٣̫ˡ
ŭ˵Ȼ͵һЦͻȻڿдһķȻһ׹⽫۴˿֡
ϱ۱׹ֺ󣬸ǵֱ۾ȻʼһֻϸСִǸ첲лչò˶ãֱ۱㽥Ļָնϱ۰ǰģ
ǵֱۻָԭֱ֮ϵսȴѾˣǲָܻġ
ߣСӣ㺦ɶһֱۣһֱ۱ܽ顣ն˱һ۰ǱɱҪ챾ɵĶϱۡ
Ƕݺݵ˵ǰĳŵ
ǲᱧĻ룬Լնֱۣ޷Լ츳ƭԷԷһΪԼսѾ½࣬ԽС
ʲôѾնֱۣѵ㻹ϷŹɣû뵽õĽɾȻ˱ɡ
ŭ
СӣǱɼˣԶֱѰ·
Цûϱ֮С
ϹۣȻ˴ﵽ˽ʵɱͲĶֶ֣һۣбսˣɽһţ̽䰡ҪɱҪУɣɾƴҲ޼ˡ
һߵ飬ֵķɽҲĴ£ƺѾ˼սȥġ
ٺ٣
̲סЦʱŶԷԶֱۣ֪ԷѾˡ


1608 
ɱ㣬Ǽֱ̫ˣţɻᵽʲôãܵľ硣
صһЦѾвɵⲻѡ
ҪɱҪУϤ㣡
ЦֱҲѾ£ȻɽҲ˿Уһֻնµֱۡ
ǵ⣬ȴҲٴηͬĴ󣬴ʱɽˣвŸȷѾ˵ֿ
ڸǿɽӵеǿΪһˣһԣǾԲеɽģʱѾֻʣһֱۣ˷ɽǸǻηηԣǾ;ܴﵽΪˡ
ȻʮСĽӽɷΧʱֻͣǵƾƽԷ֡
ĵĺС
ͻȻ̧ͷӶԷ۾˵
ߣ
ԲмʱƳһΧķɽеһֽǷɽлء
ķ˵ֿðɣھʹȥӣӣ֪ǽǶôʹ顣
³ֽķɽסһֻĳֱץȥ
һĿЦƾԷץסֱۣǱжϵֱҲ֮¿յ䡣
һֺݺݵץסұۣȷץסΪұۣѾоԷԼʲôв
߰ɣȥӣԻᷢģ
ǺٺЦ׼Ľֹ⿪ڴʱͻȻһΪڴʱԤеΣյĽ١
ͻȻһаȵЦ⣬Ц⻹δʱȴһɽɫĻ潣͵Ľǵֱ֡

ϵ»ԶԼǿĻ潣ôľ£ܵʱ䶼ûС
ʶģǴŭһȻǻ潣֮죬ֻһɾ޴նԼֱۣ˻潣
䣡
Ҳ˶Էһȴֻǽ˶ѡ
ɵСˣ
ŭһμˣʱȴֵķɽȻʹĳԼն

뵽ڶͻϮʱԷĻ潣ٴնһֱۣ˲Ƽˡ
ڿУϴһĪЦ⣬ֻһն콣㳯Լķ
ǵγ֮⣬һķŭ뺧ȻڷŵıϮУһֱ۾Ȼڽ±ԷնϣԸǶǸصĴ
үҾȻͬһǰ¶ͬĴôˣ
зŭĺڲѡ
ֱڿţֱǶ˵ֱֱۣ۽ǸǴʱŷԼӵ̫ˣȡԼĶϱۡ


1609 
ʧȥۺ󣬸ǵΪѾ½һأѾ˻ɳڵΪʧȥұۺΪֱӽ͵˽ɳڡ
Ϊٵ½ʱʧȥսʱ˿̣Ǹճ۸޷ӳʵұѾԷնϣ˷ҪԷȴɳڵΪʵﲻ
˷ѾûκôǶұۣҲΪϣָڡ
ֻǣһϮʱѾܵĿʼη
ǵһԷⷨסвŷ˲١
Ӳ˵ġ˱ɣҲӲӵġ
вٴμһ
ಣ
ֱʩչ˲ƣȴһֽǵĶϱץУøɵˣʩչԷϮɱԼٳûұ۵ģ˭֪Էȴ翴͸Լ˼
Ϊ͵Ϯɣһֱ۵Ĵֵۣ𣿡
ǹ˵Լֱ۶زˣǾͽԷֱ۶ء
ȻֵãǲԤϣڵΪҲﲻˡԣֻһֱ۾һڵ˵Ϊˣʮֵõġ
΢Ц˵øǵЩץ
ȥɣ
͵ĺǰһ͵ڿзҫ۵İâչ֮ʮͬʱϮȥ
ҲͬʱǵͻȻ˲ƣĿֻۣǣڸ˲ƶͬʱҲѾչ˲ơ
γɵĹʧȥ˸ȫעƿ£ʩչ˲ƣ⹥Էв
ǵĿֱۣȡԷֱۺȻ֮ٲãҲҪ˶Էֱۣǵ˲ƶʱͻȻ۾Ȼڿʧˡ
ڴʱȴȻӽԼķвɴ󾪡
ǵƷҪջطֻȴѾһץסȱ
ǸǸղżڶȡֱۣȵԣǺѱץסȱġ
ֻǣʱѾˣǵмȾŭû뵽ԼһС
ʲôſɵȡ
Ǵ
ⷨҪˣ
аȵЦشøֱ

Цٴʶ͵ŭһȥɣ
ڶԷ¶Ц֮ʱѾԤ⵽ΣյĽ٣ʱ˿̣ԼĿıǶȡԷķشԷʶˣ۷ʲôԼҪȥ
ͣ
ȾȻֵ淢һҫ۵İ׹⣬ͻҪըƵģҲһ
ᣡⷨҪǱըǶԷˡ
ת֮䣬ƺˣҧץסȵȱ
ǷŭĿȣмƷһɶԣӵ˹ԷѾǷǳˡ
䣡
͵ķһеĹâһ˲˳ȥΪһͬƥĽȵ˲䱬£ǽڵȫһ

̲סЦǵֲĽǰն󣬾ȻڿγһҲ𾪵ĵɴ˫
ƴˣ
ʱȣǱҧֱȵǿ
¡
Ľֱնؿ֮ϣֱ֮ӽɳȥ
Ȼȴץסȣһ𳯺ˡ
ڱɵ;УһڿѪֻҪɴˣؿѾһɼǵ˿ڡ
ֻı̬ĽչûнնΪء
ⶼɱ㣿
˿У¶ŵ˼ϵıǱ仯Ī⡣
ɫ԰ֽϿһ˿Ѫɫֻȴסȡ
ܵƣģʱžҵʹǳ֮Ҳʼ˷޸ܵơ
ֱۣ
ƾһȣȴǰֱֳڿУȻٵĳȥ
ǿȫסˣû뵽Էֱ۴ʱ֣ܳ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿں͵֮ϣԣʧȥһҲԲӰķοǹģ뱻Էֱնȫͬ塣
ֱںͺʹ˫ץȣʱвнɫѪɶݶ
ȵЩƯĽɫѪպϲŻָԭеѪɫǰ˺ҲۿɼٶȻָš
Ŀɿڴȫû뵽Էڵ˻ӵǿ츳
ȵɫǿһʱҲƺΪС
˼ⷨҪˡ
¶аȵһЦЦøǻĺСӣ᱾ɵķܡ
ƵķԼΪѾ˽ɳڣˣȴҲ뽫ķøԷ
ڸǵʶٿ£ٴɢҫĹʣһǿȾȻǵķС
ƺҲЩ޷ȵɴ徹ȻһС
ǵѵõĸֳһ˿Ц⣬׼ջʱͻȻֵĵɴ˫ۡ
ڴʱ˫֮ͻȻֳɫ棬ԼٶȽ֡

ǾֵĲҽһһ˲䣬ֻʶȻش
ǻԽʱǲò˼ٿȣ֮⣬ֻôһƬѣΣԭеʶȻһ𱻶Էڰɫ֮С
ⲻܣ
ǸܵһɾҵʹԼ֮嶼ڲĪʧȥ˲ʶܿʶķɡ
ǰʩչıΪıһ̣Ȼ˿飬ɫĻԽĽ֡
ȵٿػʶѾҽΪǿҵʶɣвϵѪ
Ƭ̣ԼʶȻˣаϲ֮̽ԼʶȻѾΪﵽɺڵʶ
Ƿ֮ϵʶɺһϵеķӦøǿ־ޱȵǣԼʶ˻˽ɳڣΪֱ˵ɺڡ
ʱʼ֮еΪȵѾʣ޼ԣڼ̵ʱڽеϡ
ʲô
ǷֶԷסȵЩ֣вɴ󾪡
ⷨղŹ˱ɣвˬȻҪ
Ȼ˵˫ץס͵һʧȥȵΪϡ
䡭
ǶΪصȾȻͬʱը⵹ǳ֮⣬ȵѾһգͻȻըҲû̫ǿ
ֻǣȵıըȴٴش˸ǣȵĻ𣬸ٴοѪϸûаѪɫ
ǷԼΪٴ½ҪɺˣһĴøǼҪˡ
ȻɫŸǣԼ츳ҪǿԷֻѾԷץסˡ
Ƚһ򣬵ȵŮӸҶȻǶ֡
ΪѾﵽƿ֪ҪˣʱĿıǶԷ֮塣
ಣ
ֱʩչ˲ƣǸ˫۶ǸոģǻӵɺڵΪʵսȴһԴڵˡ
ԶԣʱΪֻڣʵսѾڽɳڵˣǿӸǴʱĹ
ηĽȴֶԷʮֹ죬ԼʶǿڶԷȴҲ޷ܶԷĽ
ʱʹεٶٿһƾٶҲڸǣ˲ƹ켣ȴǸǸ޷ܵġ
Ǳܵܣȴչ㲻˲ƹɲǼ䣬ѾϮ˸ǡ
ʱһâӸǵΧâڿеס˲Ʒ
нһȴУĳǺâץȥ
ãʼʩ
ǼʱķͼԭҪĿ겻ǴɱԼԼǼԷ
㸡ǷĿģȴջطԷΪѾץסǷԷ
һŰɫзٴ˲ƣǷԷҲһ˲䱻ߡ

Ƿŭĺʱ˿̣Ѿ֪ˡ
ϵĻ漸ɲǼ佫Է֣˿̣СȭͷСһţʩչ
ջǷԷϵʶҲ󣬶Ȼ飬Եһʱɷϵʶ
ӣң
ǷԼǰõĽѾʧˣʱƴķ
һӿٶȣ˲֮ʱǷϵʶɡ
ڣ
п˵û뵽ԼڵһսΪȴǲϵ˲ֱ̫ɱˡ
ಣ
ٴ˲ƣЩĿֻٶѾԶĶ֣ʵսϣǴʱĹɳڵ˶Ȳϡ
ƴˣ
Ƿŭĺţһǰն
棬նطˡ
ʱǵѾоˡ
䣡
Ȼһצͻ˸ǵǵ֮徹ȻץС
ǱˣûüʩչԱȴԼ֮ѾһƬɫ֮С
ɺƴˣ
ķŭȴͻȻԼȻʧȥԱֻһ˲䣬Ǳ֪ԭڡ
ү˵Ȼɵ֮壬⵽Ϊʲô
ǷŭĺţȴԵ˱ߡ
Ϊұɵ鷳ԣɱҪ֣ΪҪǱɣ
ɫ˵Ѿԥڴ˵أʱ˱ܡ
ѣ飡
ſڽ֮ڡ

ŭԶȴ΢΢һЦȴǰ
κܿǰǧҵĵطȴһɫɢź˵ĺâɫޱȣԭڴʱԵɭʢŭ֮£ҲȻ
¼ӣ
΢ЦĹ˵ʲô鶼ûз
Ҳһ㶣֪Էô˵󣬾ȻԼҲܡ
һֻڵΪôܸǵģⲻܣһڵ˿ԴһڵˣĪķɣ
а
ƺôӣˣΪιӣ
΢յϵȴĻָյ
˼µĶе㱳ǲ˵Ȼõ֪Ӹղ˵ʲôأ
΢Ц˵
дŭȴȻһЦ⣬ŭЦȻԻ˽ڵĸǡ
Ƿɱ£²ò𷴻°ԻûκιϵǰΪǱ𣿡
ɫ򶨵ʵ²ŲӵΪΪȸǿ˶٣Ѿǵ³
ѵǸˬˣӿûȤΪǸǱ𣡡
ӹЦϾݵ֮ɫ
кιɣ
ɫһʵһ˲ûǰЦ֮ɫ֮죬òоȡ
˵Цˣ˵Ǳӵĵ̣ôأ
ҲɫȫްЦ⣬һ˫ֱֱĶ
ߣǸһ·ɫϵòȻʵĵ׺ڰΪ㣬ɲڸ֣֮ñɸòѰ𣿡
Щŭ˵һҲԷӣⲻΪ˼ŭӡ
˭֪ȴǷһ󿩿Ц۲תĵ˸ۡ
ϢŭֻǸ̽ѣû뵽ѹȻΪѻӵǱԸѵĳͷ
ӵͻȻЩεεģ˵ƺ
һ׶Ҹûãƾˣ಻Ϊ
аһڴʱֻʮ䵭ӶԷ
ѣǸǰֻǸɳڵˣԴӸ˱ӺΪһ·ͻǣܿ㵽˽ڵΪΪ𣿡
ӷʹ֮ûãǱıԡ
֮⣬ĪΪǿԿΪвԸ֮ʾ
Цϵ֮ɫ˲˾⡣

չһЦһַסݣһ˫۷ĵ⣬ȴƺ࣬ĶˣȴҲоЩȻ
ǲӣӲݾҲǰ͹£ǡúôĸоƺһӳһ֣һӶ̣һݡ
ƾӾΪԼŮΪӵòȷʵڣòģˡ
ƿ˰ӣʱѾһƬ糺죬糺˵ǡôͲǹװġ
Ѵˣ֪ܲ˵ķǸǽ׷汾һ꣬Ϊ˽ڡ׷汾ӣʮ꣬ѵΪһ޽ɵļ𡣡
ߴ˵ģʵɰ
Ҳ޷˵ǰŮӵ崿һ㣬Ķһ㣬֪Էɫװģװ磬ȴ־ԲκһŮġ
ϸĹ۲ŶԷݣȴǷֿԼǵһμҲ϶һŮӡ
˵ڵģ̫ˡʲô˵ģӲ˵²ȥҲûáĪûгɣ
⼤Ѿµ˲ӽҪ˵Ļ
滵ӵ˼ǲԶñӵƯƯ
ػذ˵
֮òһȡ
ֱ˵Լʵۡ
лѿ佱һŷʩչŮ˫֮ԵΪԻӵΪǿѣԸ⣬һѿΪ
ӵͷӼ䶼ѾһƬ糺죬Ҳˣװƺ̫ˡ
лӺ⣬¿ɲ벻֮˫ޣΪܹӣҲΥԭ⡣
лˣҲ֪Է˫ޣԼΪӣɲðԷ˫ޡ
㶣ƺŶԷȻܾڲӵУǵһα˾ܾ
𼶱ˣҲһ԰סӵˣҲﰲݵ
ѴԲӣ˫֮ȴһֱ֮ƾǸǵʣôʸ뱾˫أǱ˫ޣҲǹ˫޶ѡ˫޹ӱ㱻Ϊ࣬ѿ֪еķȻ
Щŭ˵һ;Եú
ҡҡͷвŶԷǴ֮ˡ
ˣ˵ˣֻӿտƾû֤ݣǲӦӵҪ󡣡
аȵЦòȻ
ߣô֤֤Ըԣӹ࣬к˵


1610 Ů
˵
ԣʲô˼
ɻʵ
ղѣ̾˿Թĵһۣ󻵵ԣ֤࣬ѵ֤𣿡
ӵСӹ࣬Ҹԣˣﻹܱࣿ
ǺЦòҲԼĻЩðʧ
ɷҲѣ㿴ˣǱӵعɰ
յӣ¶һ۵ֱֱۣ֮ϣȻһ˵Ŀ
عɰ
ɵ˵
ɫ糣ֱۣȻһ㿴ûУűӵĻ˰ɣ
ʲô
ʵòӼ
ӵд֮عɰ֤ѵ㻹ţ
ŭ
عɰʲô֤˭֪ǲǼٵأ
ĲΪȻ˵˻һӵڿв
СӣϷŪӣ
ӴŭͻȻɢǿ
ƭ£ֻʵʵ˵ӱϷŪӣ֮λ޴ǡ
ڽǸǵ֮һֺðɷԼڴﵽɺڵΪ
һ仯ȴӣۼΪͻȻҲֻԶԡ
Сӵ츳֮ǿԶڸ֮ϣǿ֮˫ޣҲԵõʤĺôǣСƺǸǴˣĲУֻܲȡֶˡ
а
ΪӵĺôΪӣǾҵʹȴȻʮ˷ܣΪԼΪһ磬ҲζżӣԼҲаˡ
СӣǾƲԳԷƣҪˣ㶼㲻
˵֮ʱͻȻʧڿС
ã
뵽ԷͻȻʩչֶΣ֮Уȴһ͵ĴԼ֡
ӳߣһıЦ⣬ƱѾ㹻޷
ԵѹѵΪ˽ڣ
оȵţڴʱԼѾһɴڿзС
ˣҸ뿪ģӵΪ̫ǿˣڵҿԶԸġ
Ƶţ֮󣬷ԼѾһɽ֮С
ɽ֮Уȴ޽Ľ̻Իͣ˵ؾȻŮУ˵һ١
оԼһУˤڵأǹԼҲѾʧ
СӣǾƲԳԷƣǱӾͻһ
ӵʧŷַл˵Ĵڡ
ΪԼɺڵΪǲӶԿʱȻֻԼһԸˣԼǲӵΪ̫󣬷ҲڶԷľʵº޷֮
ҪҪ
ֵĲҽڷʱ߲żڷһǴǽ֮ϣһӷĲҽ
ӵ屻͸˿߰ǽϣʱҵţôȴҲ޷ǽ
һ棬ʱɶϥڱԣҲ˵ĳࡣ

ӱӢΪȵľֶԵЩŤӲҪɳۿ촽򲻶ϵĲš
еŮһһΪҪôôأ
аǽڣִŷֲͨǽڣָоͬһ͵ĺһ㣬˴˵ǱӲ˽ơ
зĴڣƶûõģҹڴ˵أֻһԸΪסң
аʱ۲һ󣬲ıõڴ˵ء
¸£
һͳЦӷ봫ȴһȹŮӷģŮӽЦһǽϵӱѾɫȫޣҪ˹ȥ
ʲô
ŮӵıӰвЩɻˣǽϵǸŮӣ⣬ǸӣһͱƽŮȴŵĻ겻ᣬʵЩˡ
㣬ɱҰɣɱҰɣ
ӷĺȻŮȴЦŲƽ
һ׼ʱȴѾԼ
ѣ
ӳе
˭Ҳܾ㣡
ǰŮȻǽϵӡ
ļˣó
ӷŭĺϵսͻȻ㱻һâ֣â£ϵսҲʼʧ
ԭôһ£С޸ǳ
Ǻ˵ȴŮѾӡ

Ӳҽеаٰ㲻Ը⣬ȴҲ޷赲ǰŮӣʱӲɾֵı˫ۣȴŭȣ㽫һʲôġ
ֲʶ㣬ΪʲôҪ㣿
Ȼ˵һ㲻ΪԷĻŭڴʱͻȻӵĻܿڵģ㽫Աɵ͵ź򣬹
Ҳɱһѵһֱڹע˵أԼɲַ촩͸Ƶܡ
Ĳҽϵ⵹ҲЩɻ󣬲˫޶ôʹ
ͻȻƬâ֮УȻڲϵѭȻڵѸٵıŮա
ԭˣ˵ôҹڴ˵أ
ȻʱΪʲô˿־壬ڵʧ˭ĸо
ӵĲҽֹͣʱȴһЦ͵Ϊֹ´ξͳ㣡
ܵˣȴֱǽڵһ֮⣬ʱŮתˡ
ǰɣôһ
ɿ˵ȴŮͷ棬䣬ֻӺɫĳ¶һ˫ȺĹ˫ۡ
¸£ÿεӣѵ˶ҵĽ
ŮӸ¸Ц˫ۼҪӺɫͷбĳ
ܵĸоһɼȶĵĸоǰŮ˲˹ģǸһֲĸо˫ۣȻ¡
ˣɵ⡣ǰһɾԲὣ顣
̩ȻȵнâһȻɽ
Ůһ㶣ɵɢŵâķɽ˲ɲЦˣ
ʲôЦģ
ʵ֪ԷЦԼķɽ
СӣȤģôʹ÷ɽ
Ůӵ٩˵
顣ʲôǱɵɡ
Ȼ˵˿ԶԷʱȻоһݵѹ
ѵΪҪң
ͷһԼΪʲôоεѹ
СӣġɻģҪ£
Ů˵͵һ˦һͷúڷ˦һɲǣѾ㹻ʱ俴Էĳࡣ
үҡ
һۿе𾪲ѣǰŮӵĳֱоˣֻÿ޷ĳˡ
Ůӵĳ˦Զγһ裬ⳤӹĿУҲ¶˳еĹâʢ
Ŀ֮£жŮӦñԼСͷϾȻֻйͷû⣬еһƤҰŹͷͷͬһ߹á
֮⣬˫۾İۿ֮УԶԶȥû˫һ㣬ȻۿĹ˫ȴʾ۾ġ
ıӣѾȫƽУγһȦ͹ƽƣǹݺᣬֻʣ¹ͷȴҲûʱɫ¡
ȻʮֻΣ˫һһͣһߣ޷ˡѹַǸԸҲԸ˫ޡ
һ˲ȫ׹ˣҲ湻ģȻŮΪˣֱκΪ֮Ȼȴӵˡ
ֻһˣԲ²ʲôɫвɰңҺԼѾýʳˣһ̲ס³
Уӽڴˣ֮ⲻԶ֪Լʲô³˰ɣ
ŮӶ˵
һҲԸ࿴Էȴֲʧȥ۲ԷĻᣬȻӶŶԷ۾
Ůӵһ֮ɫ⻹Լģ󣬵һ˸Լ۾һĪͻȻӿ
֮ѡŶԷ۾ʵӶԷ۾˽飬ƿǴȫıС
ֳĬŮȻһЦ֪ԼòѾŵˡ
Уɵǲǣɲòӡ
Ů̾Ϣ
ΪʲôǰƯȴ˳ªȴҪ
ȻһЦЦڶԷвϵķŴ
ŮͻȻӿһݵıԼһӶΪ˲ӣĽ֣֮ԻԼţһΪԼüֵɣԸһɱԼ
ߣҪǱˣһΪΪΪ˲ӣЩʲôأ㻹ǲҪˣΪֻɺڵΪѱ֪𣿱ɵ˫޹ֹȡֻҪ˱ɵУɻὫһжյһɶ
ŮӵͻȻ䵭ɫȫޡ
ڴʱǽϵͻȻ˹ʱһЦڿԿ˵ʹˡԭһΥ˲ӵ
ŮӻͷһЦӵʶȤıֻͣ׵˫ȴ¶һĨֻĹâƺܹԼܵʹ࣬һݵ̡ܹ
շɽ̬ĶŶԷϸǲϲݷȴҪǿ򱶡
׼𣿡
ŮӽһЦһȥռһˣΪȡֻΪǰ˹ʱ⡣
˼ɶûȤҹƱز顣
΢΢һЦڽɵԭء
뷨õģϧûзɵʵɾҪˣҺΣ
Ů޼ɵһЦѾǰһС
Ѱ·
ȻȵʹѪںâ֮УȻʩչӳѾֱӱƽɳڵˡ
ûõģǽɺڵˣȴҲ䵽³ֻڵˣĶ֡
ǽϵҡͷ˵׵ϴŹŹֵЦ⡣
ɺҲĶ֣
аȴǲɫڴʱŮͻȻһ󿩿Ц˫ͻȻͬʱһ̧ϵİȹͬ˲һ㣬Ȼʧ
ѣѾ̹ˣѵ𣿡
ŮӵЦ˵аоȥȹһ㺧˵ֱӳǰҲһΪԶԷĿֲݣĸˡ

ǽϵӾȻһֻĴЦ
߿
˵֮ʱеķɽѾնŮӡ
ĽҲɱ𣿡
ŮӸ¸һЦȻһֻ֣ĴһɫĹââĽ
䣡
ֻһɴԼײݺݵײ˽ϣֻһ֮䣬ѾԼԷھʵĲࡣ
ΪѾﵽ˽ɺڵΪпܴﵽ˴޽ɵΪҾƴȫҲǿڵһս
аֻúͷһ𣬿ѾѪ
ѣˡ
Ůӱ˵ǰߣȻߵʮֻȴǿÿǰһǿѹ
ˣô˱أ
һһϥŮͻȻ˿У˫󣬾¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
磬㲻Ҫ뱾ᡣ
ǰŮתͷŭ
ģΪ˭ƾʲôܺ
ЦܿҲͷ˦¶һԲཱུݣĹͷƺ˴ϼţˣһ¶Ǹһ˼ĸо
һԸˣȻ˶ֻʮΪϼơ
а
磬Ѱͷ˺󣬱ɱ㳢ѻ깦
ĺȵ
ϥյŮ¶־֮ɫڿУǰ硣
ģ㵨ҺԽĴڣ㻹ǵûػ깦ζ𣿡
һŮͻȻ˵òҲһ㶣˫¶η֮ɫ
⣬죬ԸģҾ֪âζ
˵
ǲⲻмһֻһ۱˶ΪλͻȻִ
磬вɣɱһ˶ռˣôõ顣ٸвɣɱվڲһߡ
˿޾˵ǲĶһۣͬʱͷƺѾ˲ĳЭ
Ŷ⣬ͶѵͻὫø̫ˣ뱾ϣһܲġ
д̵˵
Աʵģɷøɣ
Բܣΰ˱ɣ´һ㣬ǾԲڡ
ն˵һʮּ
˵ĳֵ˼ʱ䣬ȴвѾ³˵Ϊ໥ƣκζ˽ˣһֻбŰķݡ
⣬˰ɣǿסģ㻹뱾ɽ˰ɣ
Ц
һҲס㣬ǱɻȥˡһϹأ˭˭ģΣ

УǺͱɻƴ
ķŭĺ˻һ˲
ģôΪһƴȻ֮飿
Ƶ˵
ã˵ʲôãȻֵƴ
Ҳҡͷ˵
֮У˭Ϊǿ󣿡
ͻȻʵ
ɣ
˾Ȼͬʱڻش
ڴ֮໥ʼаЦһΪ޼ǲһִġ
˵Ķ㡣
һͬʱ죬𾪵
ģﵽʲôΪʵش𣬷򣬱޷жǵΪߵ͡
ʵ
޽ɳڡ
붼ûĻش
ǰɣȻﵽ˴޽ڵΪһս֮ǸϽˡ
кȻʱȴͬʱش޽ɳڡ
޽ڵˣ˵ǲӵΪǿֻѾӽ𼶱Ϊˡ
йƲ󣬵ֻпЦ˷ǿˣԼӵзҲδؿӳȥ
ѣǵΪ֪ˣ˭أ
Цʵ
һΪ֪˭ôҲǲӵˡ֮˶
Ļͬһ㴩͸˵ֻ࣬Ƭбʹ
ӲųƵŮ˲ˣһһӱһԵķ̡ªͣڲӵӰ£治֪ôԻڡ


1611 ӵ
ѣһһˣ仰ŭɶ֮⣬ĵ׶Բӵʹޡ
СӣҪɱ㣡
統ŭǣгǿɱ⡣
磬ţһھ˵ꡣ
ֹ
û˵óªǵһ˵˴˻Ȼŵġ
һһٵ˵ȻһѾǽӵǰ
Ҫʲô
ǽϵӾֵʵ׵ţǲȴһЦʮֹʵСӣɳƯ𣿡
Ư
ǽϵӼǿɥ˵˵ʵᾭµĳͷ
𣿡
ĿЦȻ͵ĶݺݵĶʱҪ˵Ķħһ㡣
ˣ
˵˿ûΪηʵС
㣬Ѱ·
ŭ
ಣ
ٶȶ֮УΪʱܻ˵Ĺֻµʱ޻֮
ͬʱƺںߡ
һѾʧֻʣһɵģķڿ⣬˾ڴʱƶЦ
ѣ˵ӵĽأĪ˵㣬𼶱Ҳδؿӵóȥ㻹ɣķעֻͽ޹ġ
Ĳ޷̵ЦǿЦǽϵҲͳЦ
˷֮УеĵǱ࣬ΪҲСƷ죬Ȼ˽Ǵ޽ɳڵΪȴҲһɱеԼ
λɿɲˣʹ˱ڣ
󣬷ѾųǽϵĽơ
ڼ˵ĿЦУȻ䷢ҫ۵İâҫ۵İâ͵ĳǽϵĽƣٶ֮쾹ͬʱĿɿڴ
ⲻܣ
ʧе
ǰһɺڵôܿӳӲõĽأ
૾̾
ãҪˣһ˵ġ
յ˵Ͻ¶־֮ɫ
Ϊʲôôˣ
ǽϵӾе˽ƣмΪƽ⡣
ȴ˵ƺ󣬷Լһɽ֮Уһɽɶݡ
ȵɽ֮кһڲԶһ¹£˲Ǳˣǲӡ
ȻԳƱӲõĽơ
Ȼ˵Ȼĵסȥ·
ʱҲЩգǲˣǴﵽ˴޽ɵΪԼڷ֮Ҳ޾ǣǣǶɲĲӣԼȴûжٰˡ
ʱǷ飬ǲӹ׷ɱʱ˿̣Բʱѹ֮¡
ӣΪУӸ̧֣һ·ǲӸӣպ󶨻ᱨӲɱ֮
ڷ֮Ȼ˵
ΪУ
ӹЦЦȻЦĻ֦չ
ãӲż˵һֱСˣֱӣӲŻ츳Ȼǿ󡣸ǵΪԶԶ㣬ȴϣǱûϴ֮ҲѾɡԽɣɲһ˿ġӲõң㾹Ȼӳ֤ӵķۺ⼸㣬ñӸ÷ȥ𣿡
пЦԼòвԷˣ򣬶ԷǾȻԼĺȰġ
ܺãɱɣǾɣֻҪ㲻ڣҲ޾㡣ɵҲɱɣΪûﵽɵ֮˴󵨣ɾվǰҪɱҪУϤ㣡
׼һ䣬Ȼʮᡣ
ԣҲһ㶣û뵽ԷȻвԼû뵽ǶԷɵҲˣѵкܴͷȻɵ۶ӣ
ಣ
Ȼӷ֮жݳȻڶԷǰƽɫ˿Ӱ죬Ȼǰɣֱ˲ǰʮɴҡ
סˣӶǰڵ˶ˣ޾Է
СӾȻվڱʮɷΧڣѵĲԼɱ
ɻ
ʱ˿̣ǲԿǣȴҲ벻Կвɵۣڴµ٣Ҳ޷жϡ
˼ѵĲıͻȻɱҪ֪뱾ӵΪɲһ㣬Ҫɱ㣬ӿʮİա
ӴŹ˵ҲԼһʱ˼ԷĻ
Ǵˣ˶ǲͿġվɵǰɵ۶ɱɣӵΪɵۣôЩͿˣ
̩Ȼ˵ǵ񶢵ĲҲһз꣬ƺԼܶ޷ѶԷϬ
нп಻ѣû뵽ԼһɺڵʱȻоЩʴӣΥһĶɣֻеͼڸ߼ǰŻʴӡ


1612 ޾ɵ
˻
ĺһڿʵز͵ľţͻȻɢ͵Ĺâƺںһڿ󣬲ӻ绻һƵġ
񲻾ƳؿǾҵвɰӵߣǲƺĲ׽Ŀ⣬Ȼ΢΢һЦϸ͵ǰͦһĸֱӵĳǰ
ͬʱӾȻһ߽̾ǹһĨЦЦĻȣϵΪͣǺɫ˫ڴʱͻȻ࣬ڵȻʼЩ죬ˮĿϣȻӭ
ǰɣⲻ˷𣿡
аӭԷͻȻһԷȻЩ죬񿴵񵱼Щȣľƽ˲䱻Էơ

һ̾Ϣӵ۾Ȼ˲ͨ죬ǺâͬһŻ˻ķɶ꣬ʱҲڲ֪бԷ۾
ʱѾ޷оԷ۾Ѿȫ죬ֻǾ˫۾ʮֵ˵һ㣬ȻԼ˫ۣԼ޷԰ε˫۾
ӵ۾ÿ𣿡
ӿ˵֮ƵĽ˫֮С
ЩԵĶŲӵ˫ۣһãȻĵͷòаϲԷ츳ٺãչӲԼȻ֮
Ȼϲӵ۾Ǿһֱűӵ۾ڣҪΪǧ򲻿ɿܡȽһһ𣿡
΢Ц˵˵о
õġ
ͷӦŵ
˫зϲ֮ɫȻ㿪ʼ߶ʩչȻֶ֮֮һԳԻԷǣһԷ꣬ڲ֪нججľ֮С
˿ʼ߶һһ䣬ڿлصţ߶һȴȻûиŸ
ô£ѵлŵֿܣֻһɺڵˣôǿľ
а
ʱȫһԵģ˫۶ĵŶԷȴ䶯ţȴʼû³һ԰
ű䣬ڵΪˡ
ӼȻ

Ӧŵ
ǣ߶һʱȴͣסˣƺȴʼ޷߶òҲЩˡ
ͻȻӵ˫ѾһƬѪ죬ȻʵƯ𣿡
Ư
˵еһľżֻǣľżǲῪ˵ģľżڡ
ñƯ
ƮʵѾȻʹǿ磬޷ԷȻԼпܷܷЧ
ӵﶼƯ
˵òӲɷЦʱжϣѾԼǣűߡ
ôΪʲô㲻汾߶һأ
ʵ
Ը䡣
شն
аϲٴ߶һʱȴֶԷûϢһòҲЩȻô׶ԷΪʼղԼ
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΢յ
ҪҲҪ뿪
¶˵òиΪɻˣԷľңΪȴԼ߶һأ
ñƯ۾ĵط
ٴʵ
Ȼǡ
˵˴ͻȻס˲ӵز֮ϡ

ӾһԼȻ֮ʧЧˣǶЧôһԼ۾Ư
ڶԷԺ£ôоȥԼأ
ɶ㾹ȻˣŪӣ
ȵɢһǿơ
ӴԲӣˣŪɣôֹڱͷϣ
ͻȻ峺Ǹ¶һĪЦ⡣
־ŭôԼһɺڵ˸ͷɺڵһҲںԼŭ
ĵĺܴ󣬱ӵΪѾﵽΪ㾹ȻվڱǰѵĲ±ӽ˲ɱ
ǿаסеŭ𣬱ϾԷֹһεɵۣɵ۶ԸɱԼҲûɱıҪ
аû뵽һĸ֣ʱ˿̣Լ¶κκµֻ¶ܶԷ鹥
ֻҪ㲻ɱɵĺôҪɱɱԣ
ȻһЦ̬ڲǰ
вӣ
ߵȻ͵ɢǿƣֲ£ɫ˲԰ޱȣǲԾڿв
ѵϴˣӲճƣҪУ
аʱ˿̣ڶԷľѹ£˵֮սҪܣҲѾĿˡ


1613 ⣬
ڽڿкȴ¶֮ɫʱ治֪öԷǺãıĿвһɵۣƺԼһжΪ޾鷳
֪Ӳɱ㣬ƫԸ㵨Υ汾ӣǾͱֱɱ㡣ѾҪΪһˣӱһԵĻᡣ
˵Ȼ˶ѹ
زҲѾûκ·ʱҪͻȻ֮УֻҲѾΪԼԷľ֮
ðɣɲԣ㾡ԷʩΪֻǣɱԺ㽫ı
ȻһʱΪ䣬ĵǶԷɱԼ
ȻҲȫȷԷŹԼֻǱܵľöԷȻ̽ԼɱԼ͸óˣڵȵڡ
һĽâû뵽ԷȻ޾ԼʱɱԼʲôôأ
ˣҲ뱻ԼɱκζߣǣӼɽȻ͵Ծѹס
ӵɽڿзŴɫɽĽ⽥ĲӴɽķԶ
һɼȱĺ岻ĲȻȴһƽֻͣʮƽ̹ȻӲӵ۾
㻹ҲǱӱɱ㣡
ŭһֳŨŨɱ⣬ڴʱȴһٵˣ
ɵ۹ȻһԣҲסġ
аȴɫ䡣
ԣӵ΢΢һǷɽѾƤʱһɽɫѪҺ˳ɫɽ߷ʡ
ջɽҪΪһʱ嶯Ϊɵ۴֣֮
ɵ۵˲ñ䣬ȻȴǲΪеɽȻĲӼ䡣
΢΢һֻǹǿѹ˲ʧΣֻǷɽȻԼĲ䣬ҲԷһ֮䣬Լᱻն׼
ಣ
һƾðγڲӵߣȴһδİˣȻȴµóɵۡ
ɵۣû뵽ҲηһڵˣδҲ̫˷˼ˡ
ɫ˵ͬһͨ˶ԻȻǸȴɵۡ
ǰɣӵʲôͷȻ޾ɵۡ
ޱȣתһ룬ѹ޾Լвԭɵ˵⡣
Ǻǣɵۻﲻѵ㻹û֮𣿡
ɵЦǺǵ˵һҲ
߿ˣҪɱ˭顣
˵Ի󲻽ˣΪɵۣѵıһ𼶱˺ȥɺͳ
ˣҪɱɱ˱ɵۡ
ɵۿ˵
ߣΪҲң
ŭһնɵۡ
ಣ
ɵˣƵȻɱɵۣǱ÷ɽϣҲǱȽ۵İͲɵۺú˵𣿡
㣬Ѿûʲô˵ġ
ҧ˵˫֮оȻӿֳ޾ĺ⡣
ɵ˲ȻĵӲӵ˫ۣ˵Щʲôȴչû˵ڡ
ðɣô˵ζɱһж
ɵ̾Ϣ
ûʲôģڱϣǱӾÿ򣬱ɱ
Ӻ޺޵˵еɽٴһʱоһҵʹӲ䴫һΣԷɽѾԼƤ֮УǽɫѪҺࡣ
ɵÿǧҪ뱾ɵ
ɵۿЦƮԶԭɵ۱ʹǿӲֱֶӾֵòӵиΪʹԼԱֻա
ҪɱɱαعñѪܸܲɴ㣬Ҫôɱ˱ɣҪô˱ɣ
˵еǶЩˣ£ɵ۶Ȱ˵ֻ𼶱ˣȴһҲΪҲЩջˡ
ǧ̼Ƽˣɱ㣬ɵҲΪ
ɵæ˵
ߣôһڵ˿Ծġɱ֮ǰĥһҲܲŵġ
Ӵ˻һɵ۵ͬʱ
ɵۣǱˣǾӲѸϵġ
һתֱвɵۡ
ɵҲɱɱˣڵȵڡ
ҪڵĴǱɵɱ㣬ǲɱ㣬вɵûκôġһҪɱ㣬ɵҲֻЩ꣬ɵۿǷ̫ˣĴۣɵҲǡ
ɵȻ˵
˻һ֪ԼΣգԼЩ嶯ˣвӲû̫ôͺñвԼǷ̼ԼһС
ߣ˭ϡҪƫҪ


1614 һĲ²


ɵƺˣֻǷһ̾Ϣ
ʧ꼰㣬ƺкìܣһҪɱңһҪңìܼ󣬿Ҳһ١ӵǸʲôˣôɵ۵Ӷأ
аš
ǣҪҲûκΰ취
ͻȻ˵
ξ
ɵæʵ
Ӧһ飬
Ȼ
ɵܵʵʲô飿
ҪӦϱΪ̱ӣӦӱ㲻ɱ㡣
ЦЦ˵
ӣ뷨̫ˡ
ɵ۵Ĵ¶һĨԵĿЦ
Ӳɱ˱ɰɣ
Ц
ӣ̫ˣǱɵۣҲֻΪͽȴΪôܻأ磬㽫ſһ㡣
ɵһȰ
̣ѵϱΪίӾͷſֻҪŵΪӵ˫ް£ôӷǵɱ㣬ףΪΣ
ӳ˵˵ȴǷһĨΡ
ôˣδ˵ҪѰ˫ް£һο̫ˣĪСӣС壬ǿһɰ£ǵһ顣
ɵа֪Ϊǿ󣬵ⲢζԺҲͣΪӳԶĽǶȿɵ۶ǿĵģˣʱٳɶ˵¡
ɻӲӣȻٿɵۣȴɵԼͷвɸΪˡ
ѵûһȣ֮ʲôϵ¹ϵӦûڴʱŭǣȴ㷢ŭıֶûУ
Ʋţȴû̻ش
ĪһѰ£ôӦأ
ɵЩż˵
£ˡºεºܣܵõӵĴ²ʤмֻ»кܶҪҪʵ޷Ӧӵ顣
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⣬飡
ɵۻ૵ȻĲӻ˶ͻȻɱ
ӲһԼѾſĵزԷȴһڻؾѵԼ޸оѵ
ҪףжҪȥˣʲô鶼޷ˣθᣬϧɵҲȲ㡣úÿɣֻҪһŵѡ
Ϊŭ˵
Ͽɹ󣬰۸ߣΪɹʣ߽Կף
һһٵ˵ⷬõĳ˵Ļɵȴû
ӵ彩ԭأĬĬĽĻ߶һ飬¶ãĿЦԭԷǲԼһ˫˫ɵɾ¡
ҪʲôɣҲԿǸ㣡
ֱʵ
ȥŵɡɣڱӦ÷ȥ
̹Ȼ˵
ӿԷȥǣҪĳŵŵΪηȥһߣ˭֪㻹᲻
ӿɬ˵
ԣ޷ɡ磬ɱ¡
΢΢Цǰȴ̸Цɲ
ӣǿŤĹϲӦҪִˡԸ⣬ȥɣ
ɵȰ
ӵۿͻȻЩʪˣ֪ΪʲôҲ֪ǺʱԼͻȻ˺øжܾԼȻ޷Լġ
ɱ㣡
͵ĺǣеɽȴʼ޷ǰ飬оʮֲġ
֮ﻹµ֣Ȼȴʮֲġ
ȻŲӣûԼôʱ²֡
ðɣٸһλᣬҪشһ⣬شȷôӱȥǻشǱӱҪڴ˵ء
ҧ˵
ĬȻ˭֪Էʲô⣬һƺڶԷƿ֮УԼκεľȨʵԷԭڡ
ʲô⣿
ʵ
һ£ɵ۵ĹϵǲҶ˵ĹϵǱӱ뿪
ͻȻʵһȻɵ۵ǰ
ɵ۲û㣬ɫ֮ҲûκԵı仯ȴڲ²ܷ˵ȷĴ𰸡
סֻһΣ´ˣ͹ֲñˡ
˵
վһȴǷֶ˳Ĳƣϸ۲һڷ˶˵һͬ㡣
ˣӦȥ
ʵ
һԼȳʳԡ
ӳŵ
ܡ
˼һֱӸ˴𰸡
ӵɫ䣬ɻɵۡ
ÿɵۣɵʲôû˵ţɵۿԷġ


1615 һ
ɵһ˵
Լ³ģ㷢ûṩϢ㣿
ʵ
ԼµġôѵҲ¶ˣ
Ȼʵ
Ĵ̫Цˣϲ㣬ش󡣡
Ц
ô򵥵⣬㶼´ɵôǽܹϵأϸһ룬ǽ㣬ôûﵽɵ۵Ϊ
ɵ̾
бһĸͬģ⵹ûдɴʹΪǽ㣬㵽ôģɵ۵Ĳ࣬Ҫֲǽ㣬ӵΪ𣿱ѾˣϧشԣҪڴ˵ء
Ц
ԣηֱ棿һشˣҲ˵ǴġǶǸҷ֤ùϵұĴ𰸡
˵
кβң
ӳ嶯˵֣׼ġ
ڴʱȴɵ̾㣬⣬У򣬵ʱҲֻʳ
ӵ͵һ𣬴ʱ˿̣û뵽Լչˡ
ѵ⣬ǣԷȴشȷˣòô벻ͨ
ɵ۷ģڷţɵ۾ûи͸¶κϢ˵ѣñɵԶ޷񡣡
ɵׯϵĵ
һǿҵʧòԵЩʴӣû뵽ɵû͸¶Ϣǣȴβ³أ
λ¿ȥ𣿡
΢Цʵа̾գԼͱƵˡ
㣬ŵˡ
ɵ۵Ц˵
ˣ֮ǰҪףΪʲô´ǽܹϵ
ӵɻء
ðɣȻѾӦˣҲˡɵһ֣̬ϣѾ³ǹϵͬһ㡣ʱ֮㲻¹ϵȻǵòƶȺܵͣǿǵɵ۵ķҲͬԣⲢ֤ǲˡ
Ƕ˵ĶԻУҿԲ²⵽ǲĸŮǸŮĹϵˣֻʣ֮ͬĹϵǺѣҲܿ㱻ųˣΪõѣҲڶɵۺ֮ȥңǵ۾˫۵ƶȺܸߣֻͬ׵ѪԵϵ
ɵ۳ƺΪһϣֳҴɵΪǼпùϵ˲²⣬룬󲿷ֵҪô´ףҪôͻ²ùϵ
Ȼҵֱ㲻ҳ˼򵥵⣬ô򵥵⣬ǻ粻Ҳ¡ԣ˼һǲܵùϵǽϵߵɱǽܹϵҲƲ츳ֻһ;ǽΪһȵܸܵߡɵţҲΪ֮ܲ³Ҳƾֱһѡмǲ㷢ѪģԣҲжմ𰸡
һöĿɿڴи̾ǻɲ⡣
үɵ۽쵱̾Ϊֹˣû뵽츳⣬ӵ˿µǻۡϧǽܹ㣬Ǳǽĸ
ɵ۾̾
ƳһۣзΪᣬΪСļһֱͬܵһܹѵ²Ǽֱ̫ǿˡ
ͬһǣӲòڿʼֻһˣǾ㣡סԶֻһˡҪȥδҲһǰ
Ӵ˷һɵҲɵˡ
㣬ȥ˭İȫɵ۾ԲӦȥ
ɵҧ˵
ǣ㲻ҪΪԼɵۣԱһСΪɵΪûбøĸİΣСΪ˶Լǽ㵱ȫΪ㣬ܴﵽɵ۵ΪǣȴΪһŮ˶ڲˣΪ㣬ĸôɱ˵ңˣǱҵ㻹ȷչɣɽɵ֣֮ŵֻܶĳ裬Ҳɵĳ衣Ϊ֮ҪˣȥѰԼҪĶ
ڵ˵һ˵ɵƿԣɵۻ˵Щʲôȴֻ˶һֶû˵
ӣߣԱ㣬㻹ɵɣֻ㹻ʵİΣ
Ц
ԲӣǸߣǱǱӱ㣬ѵڵΪҪ˵ı𣿡
΢΢Ц
ˣиڵ˸ԼһߣԼİȫƺҲбϣǣܹ뿪˵
㣬㡣⣬ȴ飬ⵥĸġӦ֪ΪǸŮˣʧȥ˶٣ǣֱҲмһˡִţβģңɽ磬ǵĳʮǿȥˣ뻢ڣ
ɵ۾˵
˵Ѿ
ҧ˵
ɵҲˣʱֻԺδҲжôǿıɵֻ㣬õĽ㡣ңӲ飬ֱûкκһ˫޹˫޹ͨĸɵģĸµˣΪ˱ΪΪȻתƵϡ֮ܶɵ۵ĽǸĹҶãɵ۶ȻĲ㣡


1616 ֮
ԣ֪ӾȻԼвɸоЩɼԼҲû̫ĸо
ɵۣҲҪףҪ¡¶ãʲôأ֮²Ӧκγŵǲģͱ¡
˵ҲЩԥԼ߸һŮӣʱǲǻԼ鷳
ɵ۲ÿɷЦЦʱ治֪˵ʲôˣŲӣоŨŨ顣
Ѿ˷ɵΪԼģչЩĲ̣ϾһĸͬܣܵܵԼĵܵܡ
ǣôȥˣһֱ㣬Ҳеʹˡ֮ҲԶҪʲô飬ͷȥɣĸ֮𣬲죬ԶҲǹͬĵˣͬĳˡʲô飬ҲҪΪ̫֮ģǽԼѡĵ·޹ء
һһٵ˵ȻһЦڱͷȥ
ɵǸӵек临ӣֻǣֻװʲôҲûܵͬıȥ
ôģѵĳ˿ƾȥ𣿡
ʵ
ġɵ۵ĽԸģûսκǿߣԣǿȥġסˣɵɽʮǿĵˣҪΪ֮ŬΪмǲҪǿĵˡ
ɵ۳Իش
ӻһЩҪ汾һɣ
ƽ˵
ðɣ
һ˲䣬ǵͷӦŵ
㣬أ
ɵ۶˵Ȼڿʧ
ɵʧ󣬲ӲĿȥĵط˵Ƕء
ߣ
һѾһɽȥ
ԥĸϣ˼Լһͬǰɽ磬׶Լôһ㣬ǻࡣ
ӽɽ󣬾פͣɽ֮ͻȻâʢطͬʱҫҫ۵Ĺâ
ټɽȴǺһһĳɽȥֱͣʱŷѾԼǰݳĵط
Īֻ£ټɽտյģƺûˡ
аΪץˣȻ˰ĻӲŻΪ
ǣȴ󲢲һ£ڲӽ⿪ɽƺ˵̴²μӣ
ĵΰݺͻȻҲվڲӵߣͬʱ¶˵Ц⡣
Сӣչ黹ӲӵġһὫڴ˴ζҲվӲɵġ
а
ԣΪʲôӽ⿪˽ƣ
ͻȻɻѡ
ǽϵҲ˹ʱӵͬһԲһ㣬˸׵ʮԣɫǲ԰׵ĺһ˿Ѫɫ
ֻһۿȥ㷢ӵΪѾ˻˺üΣɵΪﲻˣȻѾʧȥüֵ
һӣĿʱ޷ƿǻǵ˫Ҳðһ˿аĹâڱѾ˷ͻȻ˲ˣȻֵЩʧ
񣡡
Ӳ˵ͬʱһߡ
ӣ𣿡
Цʵ
ǰ
ӻشоЩ֪ôӺδ˵
Ǵ㽫ȫɱ𣿡
ʵ
Ϊ֮һ㶣ʵĪг𣿷ΪʲôҪɱأ
˵˵ѣЦ
ŹЦ
ȴɫ䣬һŵӾȻ˿ǰӵӣıƺʮֲ

ƺѾܵ˲΢΢й¶ɱ⣬æĵ

˷Ӧͬʱ
ǺǣǱĹˣʲôɱǣ
Цŷʵ
ɱ
ڴʱͻȻǽϵ͵ָ
ԼνվŲҲǹһﾹȻɱԼ
ͬʱĵӣ˵һ仰
Сӣʲôط㣬㾹ȻҪɱһɱɡ
ЦʵһЦֱöҲһ
ӵ鴤ţָָҪ˵ȴôҲ˵Ϊ˶ţоһ޷ݵĿ־塣
ӣα˷ʱ䡣
˵ͬʱѾǽϵ߽
Ҫ
ӿ־ļе״
ģɶ˿ûȤ
΢΢һЦһ˵ȻӶŪЦ
һЦҲòεЦһʱ䣬֮дʮѵõĻЦ
ʲô
Ȼ־岻ѡ
㶼ˣҪɱɣⲻò˵һıţһˡɸһʹ죬ҪҪ
ɫƽʵ
ҪҲҪ
ӵķӦǳϣʱˣȻ̰δЩ֡
Ĳ𣿡
˵
ɱҰɣ˰ɣҲҪˡ
ֱŵɫǿĴȴǼΪġ
ΪʲôţΪʲôǲȥҲ
ַŭĺҪƵġ
׳գ죡
ĺȵнһն콣Ѿնǽӡ
ʱΪҪɱӼѾѴ֮Ҳûֹԣӱ㱻˲ɱˡ
ڽˡ
ӵ֮徹ȻЦӵ֮ѾֻʣĴָϸ֮ҪСʮֹȻľ󲿷Ѿӵĸһա
һץ㽫ӵ֮ץģܿ죬ĲҽѾĻ£ӵ̸֮ܵޱ޼ʵʹʹȱȡʱҪù١
ܿ죬ӵʧΣΪѾ֮塣
ĬĬĿһУͻȻɤӣȻ˵Ѿ׷汾Ӷ꣬Ϊ˺ͣȻ뿪˵أԣҲָɡ
ȫסˣ׼û뵽Ҹ֮졣
ʼڳΪӵ˺˻صģǵΪò󣬽ģҲܵ޾ʹӵĶ飬ֻĬĬܣѧ˿֡
ӣѵҪǼΪˣ
ļʵ
Ҫˣ˺ܾãһζĽĹԱӵòǺܴΪӶʽ±ӵΪչԽԽһһֱַ˵ʹླأʵǹⲻȥʲôҪ󣬿һᲹǵġ
΢Ц˵
ӣָԭеա
һҪ
׼
ЦǺǵ˵
ŮͬʱԭһֱˣȻͬʱӵһһϲˮ
ĬĬĿһУͻȻҲǻ޿ɾҩ٣ĸ˻ᣬȴʮܿɹġ
ӺܿĽ˵ϵòƬ̣˶ָԭе
ڻָ˵Ѹٵı仯ţܿ죬˱Ѿָ˵ģ
һ㶣ԭŮҲƵòЩ࣬ȴҲ˵ĸɫ
֮УĵòΪͻѾˡ
лӣ
ͬ˵
ǣļǱӵһƬ⣬ϣ¡
һļԷˡ
ͬʱӹǰķЩǲΪģʮʺˣг˸мǸм
ǻʲôҪǱӿ԰쵽ģһΪǰ쵽
̬Ȼʵ
ܹ»ָɣѾǲ飬ѾȴǰΪƯõ˲͵ķﻹࡣ
ֻǣ֮УΨЩԥһֹģ
ĶʲôڶѾΪãʲô˵޷
ƽ˵
ӣڸɺδ
ʳеĻ
ԣȴȻȻȥģӱȥģʱӵ٣ѯɣ
ޱ𾪵ĶӾȻΪ뿪˵أ˶Բӵ˽⣬֪ǲ϶ˣ׷ȥ
¶Ц⣬Ӵ֮󣬼˶Ϊҵǵ˶˷ܣȻȴԵڲͬɫ԰ףĿǸӡ
Ů˵òӻɵǰڴ˵ʱԼȫʱߣƺûȥǲģôȴΪأ
оᣬǱĵͷ
һȥɽ磬ھɽʲôطʱҲ֪
ƽĻش
Ķ£
ʵ
͵һڲǰǶַ֣ӦӿС
ӣĶϲѰҸĶû£ֻиˣ뿪ӡ
ε
ĶǱҪ뿪ǣҪ뿪ӣӴ˴ȥ֪ʱܷأҲԶҲʲô£Ͻ˵ɣ㽫Զʧȥ˵ĻᡣɣԱ˵ҲУҲԶ˵Ҫӻرܣһȫ㣬ᡣ
ӻл˵
Ľ㣬ʲôʹ󵨵˵ɣӿԲġ


1617 Ƿ֮
Ȱ
ģ˵ɣٲ˵Զûлˡ
ҲȰ
㶵ĴԭأѾչ糺֮ɫܻݵһۣչ黹ǵͷȥĶлӳȫ֮ģֻĶ֪֮Щ˵ҲãǿԣĶԸԶĽĳЩУԶҲ˵
Ķɵ㲻˵˭֪Ǹľͷ˻᲻֪أĴͬӻǽǶԷܾɱȴѾŬȡˣʧܣҲԲ٣첻ˣһ죬Ǹľͷ˻ɱӵġ
˵ʱƳһۣȴɫƽޱȣȻûа㴥ĺۼвɸ˲ѡ
ԣĲòӣǷһ룬ΪӴ򱧲ƽΪȴǲأѵ˵ӵɣ䲻ֻΪ
㾹Ȼ˿ŵΪʲôܣ
յŭʵ
˵Ҫɱ㣬𣿡
ʣòֱԶԡ
ɶ㾹Ȼҽӱɱˣףӿ㣬˱ĸȴ˲֪ôɶ
ԽŭǲҲͬʱŭˡ
ͬʱѣ⵹ǲҲû뵽飬˵ķŭʣȴǵ糣ΪֻΪӵĹϵУʣʵ֮顣
ӣòĸýãƺ̫ƫˣֻĽǶȿǣǷˡ˵ԼĽǶȣô˵ܸıԼĹ۵㡣
̬˵
ӿɬһЦȻͷʱѾĺӣĶɱ֮˰ɣ
죡
ӵֹ
Ǳӵ˽飬ǲ޹ϵĪ֣򣬱ӾϢ
ȵ
ͬӦŵȴ˭Ҳк޲ɱ
Ķ㻹лᣬ˵˵

л⣬Ķ˵Ҳգ˲֪ôˣֵĶ飡
ƵĻش
ܺãҲô룬Ǿ͸ˡ
˵
ߣӵ־ðɣ˵֮ˣҲ·ˡ

ҡҡͷҲ˵ʲôֻתߡ
ӣҵ᲻㣬ҵҲҪ׷ӡ
ͻȻ˵Ҳͬʱ
뵽˾ȻΪԼڶ󣬻Ҫ׷Լеĸжˡ
ȲӾܾѾòʵûɾֻܾ̾ðɣӴӦǵ󣡡
ˣһ鷳󣬻Ҫٴĸ鷳ҵɽ֮ע̫ƽˡ
пЦˣ˵ʵѾǳǿ󣬵ȴΪŮòע鷳
һǰò˶ñɽŮܿ˳֮УҲЩ֪δϾԼ򲢲ô˽⡣
ΧŮƺܳľɫݣֻʱûʲôȥŮ
ҪǰɽˣҲ֪ôˣлʦҲѶȫޣҲڻ˷̫ʱ䡣
ѵ
δȥ
ӵǲŲæ΢Цʵ
һҧָǰǼǰһҵ뿪˵صĴ󡣡
ǰѹ㣬ǰڵĵҵǰɵɵ۵ˣҪУ
ӳѵ
ǰɵ۵Ĵڣ򵽵жɵۼĸ֣ˣѵҸѡ𣿡
Ϊᡣ
뾡뿪򣬲֪ΪҸβ뿪˵أ
ʵ
չһЦ˵ʶˣȴ뿪Ϊӿɲں磬ӣӵǿԸ·;
Ǻǣ
ĵ˶ʱ¶Ц⣬вɰŭ
Ҫ㣬Σ㲻˵ѵҾԶҲҾͲа
ҧ˵һѾһеĳǰɶݡ
аǰǽʮΣյ飬ԼΪҲһȷȫΪһԽ磬Ǿ൱Ƕڵơ
һɵĵסǰ·ߣҲòͣסΣҪײǰصĲġ
ĪҪ嶯֪ȥӴ鷳ڵĵ򣬾ӱҲԴ룬ȴһڵˣҴ룡
Դǵ˵
¶һĨЦԼŮͬУע鷳ϵġ
ÿȥӵ飬飡
ȵ
УɾԲΪð˴գҪȥɱ˱ɡ
׵һҲûơ
һĹūţ
ҲЩˣԷ̵


1618 

ŮͬʱȵҲɶȥΧס
ӳĬţϲκα飬Ҳ֪ʲôŮȴǲĵΧס
Ǹ򣬱ɾͲˡ
ķŭ
㣬ֻһūŶѣӽ͹ϵȻһūšӶûɣĸУǹһȥɣ
ûѡǸĺȵ
׻˵򹷻ÿˣ˺ǳŮҲ൱ǲӣǲˣȴҲȥġ
ʵ˸ӳһ⣬۲֧һƺһġ
ӣ̫ˣĶӽѵ֪һء
չ鲻ΣȻʾӡ
˵ģǲҲЩ˷Ҳѵһ٣ǣˣǸ˽ѵġ
뵽֮ĺӶʱòĽѵ뷨Ȼĵ˵һ£ȥҲá
ѾǱӵˣǱӵĽãǣ豾졣Ļʵ̫ˣӸһᣬϿǵǸ򣬺Ը
չƫһòижѣԽزӡ
֮ԶԲ㣬ȻԭģԼӵһ˶ȲϣԺӻôԼǵ£ǾԲܵ顣
ɺûдﵽڵΪҶҪ֪ô
а
ӣˣΪɣǿġȵסɵ·ģ㱾ɳԲѷҲҵģҪɸūŵǸ޿ܡ
ڿУΧ޽ڵˡ
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ļҪˣۿѾʪˣԼ˲ֹһεıūţοȥ
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Ķ׷汾ӣͲҪìܡӲûǺαȥأ˻ɣҪô֮Ҫôڴ˵أѡɣ
Ӵ˻һ˶ʱ֪ڲеĵλѾʵͣʮֲƽ⣬ȴҲҲز֮
꣬ӵĻ˶Աʥּû˿ΥʱػɣȴǲΥӵ
˷ɻ֮פӻָ·ɣ¿ɾҪڵĵ򡣡
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ӵͷѾɽһط
һ֮£ٲȻֻ޾ʯ飬ȴǾֱɹȥ˫ֿٵڿд־һᣬ´Ѿֳһ󵭵İâ
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һ֣㷢ʮ˫۾סԼ֮ʹΧ󣬸вˣڴΧҲɢŲˡ
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ĶŶԷӦ˭ѽʶ𣿡
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ע̬ȣɿɲֿԺ֮ȥˣ
˵仰󣬴̤ĴӴ߳ɴ˫ۣƺĻ𺳵ˡ
һ̽󣬷ֻɺڵΪвɴŭһڵҲΥԼ
ߣɵҪѵһ֪ʲôߵغ񣡡
˵󣬵ýƽС
ӦԼѾһյĿռ䣬вɰԾ衣
ǺˣɵŽгɣΥ汾֮һ֪Υغ
ӵ˵
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Ӳѵһ˾޷ڴ˵Ҳţ
кҲ֪˵Ǻδطǵ鷳ʱԼҲ¸ҵԡ
Сӣɽ뷨ɴ㣡׼ܳͷɣ
ɸֶʮְȻ˵
Ҵ⣬˷ɽֻǣɽȻⲻ˱Էһ
Щһƺһģ˵ģôЩѾﵽΪܴȴҲܴ𡣡
аܵĸоԼԷΪ಻󣬷㲻һԷ˳ͻ
õĽ͸ģ˿Ŀˣ˵ƺѾЩľˣ˵ĶŲû˵Ŀ⡣
ֶĳɵһЦҲʩչѹһȻһȭ
ڳɺڵԼΪ಻ԶԼٶʤԷ˳ʵһȭ㹻öԷͷ
ѾʹѪӦԷٶ֮ѡ˱ʵ
ͻȻϮȴǷֶԷȻ˲Լóɲ㵱
ǿһȭ˿֮УѾǧ֮⣬˿УԼѵԷһȴֶԷʵԼĹ㡣
ѵΪ
뵽ܣɶͷð˺ߣԼԼѰ·
δĳ㶵ƺڵȴһͣҲѾжϳԷʵвΪ֮һɡ
ڵ˶ԼУǰɣչֵʵƺɳڵĹˣԷΪпڽɳΪ
óۺѾڿԼǷǰ֮塣
˷ǳǵģȻ飬Ȼ滹һȺˣЩ˼ɣһʱ֮仹ûδɡ
ɶãѾ³ԷΪԲԼǿ󣬷ھ͸ɱԼ
ɺڵˣٶȾȻô죬ĪΪĹôô죬ٶ޷ռݶơ
˼һŷЦز¶ɵΪ⣡֪ǷΪ·档
ǷΪ޹ء㲻Ҫѵ𣿱ڸоƤѵɰɣ
ֱƵ۽ǵЦóŭ
˵棬ɾҲԸܶԷƺ󻹲ǵһСӣΪɵ޿κ𣿡
΢ЦĶŶԷԺӹ˲ӵӰĸԣǾԲƾԼһ˶뿪ģˣ˿̻δҲԭģԼƺӦһˣԿɶԸЩ֡
ǺǣɣǱû´˽ɳڵΪ
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ɻиԼһ·
ʵԷΪԼǿֻҪɱԼҲǺ޾ģϾԼ߻𼶱ĸ֣Էһ͸ɱԼ
뵽ɲɵϴ𣬾Ϊôǿ󣬱Ҳ޾㡣
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Ųæ˵
ɵۣ
д󾪣ﻹС
ȷʵֻɺڵΪһ㣬û̽
óһɣһһ£ɵĶͷѾð˶ĺ顣
һֻҪԷɺڵΪԼɳڵΪȻûаܸԷɡ
ɶѣȱɲһȴһòɽѵ㣬ȫûйˡ
ҧ˵ֱԷϷˣķŭС
ɳδؾͿԴڵˣ츳޿ܻܱɡ㵨뱾һսǾһβݵս𣿡
ɵ˵
ݣ
ٴθܵĪǿѹΪĻ˵ĶҲ˸˵Ĺע
ʱ֮㲻սǾͽƣӱǰʧ
¶ĸоͻʮֺǰĳ嶯ԼΪʲôҪأʱ˿̣Ŀ£ԷΪԼһȼȴԼս֮սԼӦǻᱻ˳Ц


1619 
ֳַɽڳɵĶ棬һĵЦ⣬ƺڳЦɵԥóĪķŭ
ڷŭǿҴ̼£ɱŭˣŭ𣬺ռлص̫ɾƴһҲҪ㣡
ɲû۸㣬ѡȨѡսҲѡ
ӻһЦ⣬ǶԷӦԼݵսôƱز˲֣ԼɶԷԪ֮ĿԱӡ
ãҳɽĻȪ֮սݣκ˲òֻ֣֮һ˿Իȥ
Ȼ˵˷Ϊ϶ս
ҲԲΥ涨ģһųȥġ
Ҳ˵еǱȽ⣬ԼѾ˲ʱ䣬ҲӺܿҪˣңһﾹȻҽԼսǱζԼΪٴ
ɵȻޱȷŭȴûʧȥǣʱȻɽ˵£˷Ȫ֮սǰɳŵɽ뷨ʹȡûɣ
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ڳɵѹ£ʩչӳȴҲ·ɵȻռƣȴҲ޷ռݾԵѹ
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ϣɻռݺܴơԷǷɽɵɽñɵƸΪŴ󡣡
зţȻǿƣȶԷз
ֻɳڵ±ԹΪˣ˷ѾӵɺڵΪںѹƳһʱҲԳܡ
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ĬĬ۲ŶԷƱ仯вɾɵ츳ôʹɽЧԼܵĶ˿ɲԶˡ
аɣ
һ֣磬ڼɫս׺ͬˣ䲻
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Һ޴Ϣ֮
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⾪ŭһסؿڣֱ֮͸ѪڳУΪԼشвɰԾϲ
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սţɺЩѣԶԷ̬˷ôԡѪƺЩ˵ȥ
̽ϵЩѪʱͻȻֶԷȻ͵˫ֺʮȻԼɽסˡ

ȵʱȴ˸Լɣʵ֮ϣҪʮСģ򣬱Ȼξ𣡡
͸ƴóɵһ㶣Ȼѡ˱صķʹɽԷҪջɽ
Ƿɽץס󣬵һקɵڿǰ
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ɴһǿɽϵǣɽ͵ķһɾȻδڿзС
ʱ򣡡
һ˫֮͵ֱ߻棬Żɽ֮Ϻ̷֮ڱ֮󣬳ͻȻҽһ


1620 ƶ
ɽѾ󽵵ͣû֣еķɽѸٵĳնȥʱڿپ׵Ľ֮УΧѾһƬ𺣡
潫ɽ֣óɾһοֲѣֻǿĻҪĽԼɽϿ
Ҫ
ɿƴҪɽðŶԷǿĻԱ峯ǻ֮˲ƶ
ǰɣͶ
аһѾſ˶Էɽ
ΪԼɽϧðճ˻֮УȥĹУ弸ǿĻڡ
ȻΪ֮ģԳɵΪֱӴõĻ֮У⼸ǲܵ顣
ɶԼɽ֮ȴѾڻ֮УǸ񵲶ڴʱƺҲʧȥκεĹЧ񵲶ܿԵֵ˵Ľȴ޷޿ײĻ湥
ʱ򣬳ɷԼʶش봩͸ǻ̽ѶϢɽȴܵʶǿɡ
ɶԷɽȴǽԷ˶˻֮УȻһ׮ڷǷɽ֮Ѿʼ֮Ȧ
ԭ²գļӹ̻淶ΧɫѾ㣬Ľǳ֡
ʩչ˲ƣ֣ȴֻһ֣Χ޾Ļ𺣡
Ϊˣɵ屻һ룬սڻըˣ֮ѾɭɭĹͷ
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𾪵岻ϵСΪΧĻѸٵĳԼӡ
Ż棬һͻȻֹͣ˻Է˻֮С
Թ˲ϾҲ֪ʲôֻʧ˲䣬ͻȻָ񵲶Ѿ˶ԷС
ڻ£ֱӿʼɸ񵲶вʶͬʱҲϵĴӸ񵲶

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ѵҪڴ˴ˣ
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ɣ
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ңʱ˿̣ɵΪѾһأΪǿˣڰɫıƽ£ɺ޻֮
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ΧĻ漸˲ʧӰ٣Ѿʬ޴棬Ψһ֤ŵɽ
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Ϊɵ䣬ĽҲ˲⿪ǣΧ
еƺѾֹͣˣ˵ĿΪղɵһսݵ𺳡
Ϊսڣֲ̬ĻΪɽ˵֮壬һеһУǿҵ𺳡
Ŀ̹Ȼ˵ĸĿ⣬ѰһȴûзֲӵӰϲǲΰ롣
û˲ӵĵЩİˣЩвԼΪĸֻ֣ԼҪڴ˵㣬Ⲣ¡
ǧ֮һϥͻȻ˫ۣǵĿ⾶ֱ
вΪ֮һԷĿϬֻһ۱֪Էƽ֮
²μƶ𣡡
Χ˷׷׹
ƶΧϥҲͬʱҶػƶࡣ
µΪֹػ󡣡
ƶһ£Щ˷׷ж
ܿ죬ΧľѾǰͬˣǸɢŰâĴ⣬ΧȻһɽ⴫ɽ֮ۡ
ɽۣ֮һĽ̻Ի͵ĹƶڿУĴ󻤷·վš
ЩȻ֪ǰĴʵǴ˴ʵʾ󣬶ʱԼƺվһ±ϣΧǻɫƲ㡣


1621 ǿԮ
Щ֣еƺȻиΪϡĪ澰ǣﵽǺηأ
ɻء
ƶӿиȻ֮ɫ˺ͻȻʵȥˣ
֪ʣ
а˵Լ֮ս𶼲Ǿ̫˼ˡ
·û˸һشһţƺЩˣȺ֮УƶΥߡ
Ʒش𣡡
ƶĺʵ
𣬳ѾС
ƷĻشȻһָ
ʲôĴͽܾȻˣд
ƶŭָһץȻѾԪ
ϢŭϢŭ
Ʒֵĵ
ƶ΢ƷѾѪɫ԰׵ĺѪɫ
ڵģƯ
ƶͻȻ˵ŽƷ뻳С
л
ƷϽ˵
ƶһͻȻݺݵĶķ쭣һֻݺݵץסƷزƷʹѣȴǲұ¶κʹı顣
ǰŮӵļЦƶ޺øУ˵Լ޳ܵû֮һ
СƷıԿʮֲԸ⣬ȴҲҷƶ
ƶֵϲŭ˲Ϣ䣬ʵ򲻹Ϊͳ˶ʹֶΰˡ
˵ǲǸɱɵʬأ
ƶ𲻽ʵ
Ȼ뽫ʬΡ
ƷС˵Ψֵƶ
𣿡
ƶͻȻЦʮаһֻ͵һѾƷİȹ˺ƷֱᣬĿţ·ǱֲһȴвĿⲻʱ͵ƷĴէй
أ
Ʒ˫ֻأ̲ס޳
ˣ㲻𣿡
ƶһƷϣƶһҲϧһƱһָӡǡ
Ʒ΢΢Ŵͣ־ƶ𣬴ʱ˿̵ǱԷ¶ˡ
ˣЦޣҪΣΣ𡣡
ƶ˵Ŀȴǻˡ
Ǻǣ
ƷεĿЦƶȴһƣƷЦһ㡣
ԣԣˡ
ƶĻͻȻΪ֮һ䣬ⷴƷˡ
ƶ¿ʱ˶Ů⣬ЩҲĵ׵Ŀ־塣
Сӣƺûа֮ͬģ㲻ͬ㿴ˣȴҪװǿջЦ
ƶͻȻ˵
ʼĬĬĿһУѾԷһֱۣǸ̬
Ǻܿ
˵ѣһڱΪ֮𾪣ƶҲסˣƺԷķӦԼ֮⡣
ԭƶǰˣˣ磬ȴʵ䷴з⣬ص׷ƶ
ǵһ˵ģ˵˵ˣ
ƶЦȴɱޡ
ƶìܣֻԼѾɱĵӣҲδػŹԼ˷˱̬вЩθڡ
͵ֲûе𡣡
аԷʣЦŻشԼ֪Ǻܱ
ƶһû뵽ԼһãȻûŵԷ͹˶Է档
СӣɱӣѵΪл·𣿡
ƶʵ
Ʊȣ»Ȫ֮սȻҪǾɣΣкξ֮У
˵Ͽ˿η֮ɫ
СӣֻɺڵΪȴɱɳڵˣĪǣʲôֲɣô屾𣿡
ƶкɣԷԽǱֵţⷴƶ𲻸
ǰɵ³ǻӣˣƶɲصޡ
㣬ڸ㱨ˡɱ˱ͽܣȥɱ
ƶٺЦ
֮
ƷӦŵȻɽ档
ѾԽɵ֮ϣս׼ֻȴû뵽ԷŮǰӭս
ɱ
ƶЦ
ƷսףһɫսסϵĴɫˣɫȻķ̡
ĵ׽Ʒӭսǣƶ֮£Ʒֲòӡ
ಣ
ƷȻɽδչѹѾһն
ЩԥŮƶǰǾԵߣԼЩͬԲŻԥ
ȻƷĽȴûаͣòȫӭս
һ֮ѾжϳƷΪǳǿԼȴʱʧȥԭеơ
ڵˣǽɳڵȻǲͬնˣչ츳Ҳʱơ
ƶĴߴ£ƷĹҲԽ׺ݣǲϵıˣֱϷ
ʮǿӦǰĶ֣ȴ޷ɱ¾Էŷƶĸ֮ƷһǶԸԼֶζѣԼֶֻ֪ΣȴֲԸɱƷ
Ҳȥ
ƶβսȻһŮˣŮ˵ΪȴԶԶǿƷԴﵽ˽ɶΪ
֮£еս⻹û״̬ˣȫı֮С
СӣսȷʵĿ࿴Ը⳼𣬱ԿһС
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룡
ȻʱǶŮĹ
ಣ
һҫ۵İ׹ǴʹͻȻһˣһ£ɣ˵ע⡣
ǶŮҲΪ֮Ŀ˵˶ôǿӰ
ŮӣҪˡ
ƶ𼤶ĺеĹâֻ֮⣬Ŀл͸һݵа
ϲǲΰ룬߾ȻǲӣԼΣմǿҪˣֻǣһ˿סԷʮ
ӳڴͻȻǰʮˣҲɰԾȡ
ӿʱȴ¶һЦ⣬ֻһЦ꣬ڳ˶鲻Խĵɴ˫ۡ
Ǻǣƶ𣬲֪Ů٣ʧԶӭ
ƶн£ȻЦǺǵıȭ˵
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ĻȻ󻷹ܡ
ŮͦģϱθڡŮñ𱧱
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ȻΪйأΪӱֻչֳͬΪҲƭƶ
죡ġ
ȵ
ƶԭأû뵽ӻҺǳԼжʱûӣתһ룬ŮչӲԼģǱͻˡ


1622 ռɽΪ
ǱļˣνļԲȶ
ƶԹԵЦȺҲ׷׳ǡ
ôȴ۾˵ȴ¶ɬЦ⡣
ƶеŭǶˣɱҪкã

Ůͬʱ˲ƹ
Ҫֵ˵˲ƹѶȿǲСֻڴʱӵȴѾͬʱ˲ˡ
£бڣ㶨ƽ¡
˵ͬʱѾǰ
ǶŮԥ˶ݵ˲䣬ȻٴѰҷλ

ȵһֱӳǶŮӡ
ôܣѵΪ
ƶʱŷԼһ޴ĴС˶ԷƺʱԼ֮֡
ǶŮѾڿ޷ȴûǰĲ̡
ֻкâһǶŮͬʱɱ
û뵽ԼǰһֱɱĶŮڲӵ²ɱ֮⣬ǶŮ֮ҲûѲӵֶΡ
Բӵľʵɵı㽫Ƕ˵֮С
Ƕ֮廹ûüȴ죬ӾȻ˫˶˵֮壬ڶ֮Ҳһֱա
Ȼﵽ𼶱Ȼǿɵͼ֮ģıֶ̬ΣӼʩչɣյҲ࣬ңӵɴһƵģ֮塣
չ黹ˣ˲ҷ𣡡
ипʱȻŮȻǱʹҲƶ£ҪɱԼԼ飬ôȥĺܻܿԼ
бߣǲǻȫһأ
΢Цʵ
ӣôڲĸأ
ת˻⡣
Ǵʱһߣӱ˴˭֪ڲŵѾ˲̵ʱˡ
ӽ͵
Ŷԭˣ
ͷ˵˷ԼһǿԮƺصƶˡ
֪ţѴͽ̣
ƶȻıȭʵеаĿѾࡣ
۶ûƶֻ΢Цǲ۸㣿
ʱ治֪ôشˣеĵҲѾʧΪƾӴ˻ƺʮ㣬Ͳƶˡ
û˵󣬲ЦˣĬˣӰɱǣΪһж
ӣô˺սأ
̲ס˵
Ϊ㣡бڣ˭Ҳ۸㣡
Ȼ˵вЩжȻ˵Լ˵ʲôأ
ƺ̫ˣǲ㣡
ƶŭ޲̱ɱ˲ӡ
һƶˣںΪֻɫȻб±һս
ƶɵˣû뵽ԷȻǿƣ˿ûнԼС
дĴ󻤷ҲѾﵽ˴޽ɶΪΪƾԴܱ𣿡
ƶŭ
ಣ
һѾƶǰҴнâһɽѾС
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ƶæɽҲͬʱ
㿴ˣɻЩ۸˸Ĵۡ
һһٵ˵Ȼ͵Ļ֣һӴϢ˶С
򣿡
аʱ˿̲ŷڲ֮ͬУҲԵ̫رˣƶʱֱˡ
ƶбܵĸܵ־壬ԷȻ׾ٵĽԼֽ˵ΪҪǿԼ
˭ôӵǿΪأ
ƶ𱯰ţʱҪ˳սȴҲˡ
ѣͬΪ𣬺αطҪֳһأѾһµʱ䣬֣һȡطɽʮ
ƶȰ
ʲô˼
ҲЩԻ󣬲״˴кι
ƶæ˴ĹһԭΧڰ֮Ҫϵľֻŵʮ뿪˵أˣƶûнЩȫɱ⣬Ǽã׼ͷԼɽ
һԣ˴˽Բ֪еΪһ˴˴Ϊ뿪ⲻһõˡ
ƶļʮ£ܹĽ޼˴ҲˣЩ˵ֻһϣܹõʮеһԣû˸ҵƶ
ǿĽ𼶱ˣ֮ڲϵķ½ȥȻЩȥĲЩڻҶѡ
ƶĽͺ󣬲Ӳɰ֮̾ҲԼûвܴӴ˴ɽ硣
һ߾ҪΪƶ±ʮˣмأҲԲˣӴ˵غɱǾһ顣
а֮̾ѣֱ˼
ԣ뱾ɱʱ߸޷ᵽ磬Ҷ֣һߺߣʱҵɱǣеͶǵˡ
ƶ
룬û̴ӦҲûֱӻؾʵأ
˵ʵʱƶƱػᵼ²һ˹¾սȻպУƶһ˵ܷӳãҲʱ޷
΢ЦȻڵȴĹ۵㣬ȻƶûаøУȴҲ˵ƣҡҡͷӣʱͲɱǰɣ
ã
ӵͷȻƳƶһۡ
ã뱾֣Ǿ͸аնȡˡ
ƶЦ
ѣţеѲҪǳ𡣱Ͼɱ˱ĵܵܣǱΪӱĿڴˡ
ƶ߽ͱߵǸ
ɲƽϣǱɱͽܣֲɱ˱ɵͽܡٺ٣뱨𣬱ʱӭ
ٺЦ
˵ﻰ뱾ǲʶǸɲ˽Խս๼ܻǿԮʵѷģһԴΪأԲΪǳѵ鷳
ƶŵ
ɱĵӣôĵҲɱ
ΪȵʵϾʱԼûǰѾɱƶĵӡ
ӣ޹أǸңң֪ƶĵӣ֪ұһ·ˡ
ЦŻش
ѣˣҵѾˣǾѷǵˡųƶ֪λγƺأ
ƶƺһҲмǳӣһЦеģҲкѶɱ⡣

ɫ˵
ӼѾشˣɲ
ԭǲѣλһ£ǱĴ󻤷ֱǡ
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֮󣬲ͻȻڵڿʼɽǱӵĵ̣ǿɽˡ
˻һƶвɴŭһҲǲ
ĪǻҪһսҲ̫˰ɣƶ˵ĵ̣һ仰ҪԷɽֻƾ˭ܲˡ
а
ƶ̫ɽҵȵĵ̣ܱᣡ
ƶߵһ˵һŭɫƺʱҪ쭡
ǣֱ̫ƶ¿֮һս
һ˿˵
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ǲҪ嶯ֻзִ硣
ƶ𰲸
ƶôĵСѵһ𣿡
ƶŮͻȻ˵ֱƶҲа
ʲô˵ʲôĻŮûһΪֱƶ֣ⲻѰ·
ƶ¶֮ɫش˵ˣҪ嶯ʲô飬Ǵӳĺá
ӳ飿
ŮҡҡͷֱӲ˵ˡ
ƺ̫ƶˣǱĵֻ̣ǳէռĵ̣ѵ³̫˲𣿡
ƶһһٵ˵ѹòԲӵǿӲ
ҪôһսҪôǾ͹ɽ
˵Ȼӡ
ӷɣ
ЦȻ˰ԼαҪȥֹأ
ƶһˣʱѾͬըϣһ׷ŭӲӣƶҲ뱻Էĸɽ
ƶ㻹ѵҪƱɱ𣿡
Ӵ˻һеļ𺳡
𣿡
ƶЩ㶵Ķƶ𣬺ܿ죬˵ĿתƵܱϡ
ֹƶ𣬾Ҳͬʱ¶֮ɫû뵽ݾȻӿˡ
˿ӵΪĹȻڲӵǰ˵ΪǱһ࣬ƶҲ͸ӵΪˡ
Ϊжôǿ󡣡
ƶвȡ̽Բӽ̽顣
ӵͻȻ¶һĨЦ⣬Ц֮ȴһҽдƶ𵱼ͷʹиǾĪ
ӹɽ
һȣ˾д󾪡
Ϣŭھ͹
ƶ𾪿ֵ˵ĹߵԽΣͬʱˡ
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ӾϹŵЦ⣬һݵİԵϢϢһŮϳ֣ʵЩȡ
ͬΪڲӵǿȴˣĪǲӴﵽڵΪˣôܸĺˣ
аƳһ۲ӣͻȻأԼҲ²͸ﵽʲôΪ
徲ˡǲǾԱ̫Եˣ
΢Цʵ
Ӽʱ֣¿Ҫˡƶһ˿ص𼶱ˣһҲð
ҲЦ˵
Գ£ҵǰһ㡣ģҶԵ˲пᣬǣҾԲпġڣڴ˵صȴ˵ĵ
Ͱ˵˫
չܹӵĴ£
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ǲӣĲԼڴ˵㣬޷ԼôԵִɽ硣
Ƿ̫࣬磬ɣ
ӿЦһ鲻ԽסͣСŮ̬֮ԡ
ŲǾòÿɷЦЦԼĺܲȻвľɫŮ
ڶӶЦʱ͵ķҫ۹âгһˡ
ͬʱסˣŴĲ֮ͣ˾û뵽Ȼǲ֮һ
Ǻˣ
ӵʵ
û뵽˴Ůӭ
ǰ˶Ųӣ¶һĨаЦ⡣
ãļ˿Ѿ⣡ֻ֮󣬴Ҫ˵أȻҪԲˣĿǲѾĶ֡
аԷ
ھ֮󣬺ܿµ˲˵³ŭɽߡ
ɱǣǲǣ
ӵ˲٣ǿҵɱ⡣
ԣƺ뵽ʲôЦԭǿеӣȻӵ֮ò

ӱŭ˲ɽնʱȴһ¡죬ӵĽȻȫء
Сģ
һǰ
Ǹ˳ûһȻ˴
ߣ
ȵһնǰ˵
ߣ
һֱһһӵĽײ󣬶˾ͬʱҵľ롣
ҲûϵԷʵȻԼ֮£аԾȣ˶֣һ뵽ȥĲĵˣеŭ޷ͣϢ
ףǿΪ


1623 㶦
ǰҲ˵Ҳ֮ɫ

ȵɽΪ֮һһǿĽնǰˡ
ɱԸµΪǻ첻ɣ
˱˵ߵֵӵĽ
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ӵѾ𣬶ǰҲգ˸նţս֮һ
˿ʼ˱ƴƣ˵ڿŰʱ̸ܵ޷ݵǿѹǸɵľ룬ԼȻ˶ԷѹС
ڴʱȴƶɽ´ǰԸһ֮
ɽµЩѸٵĳɽͷƽ
̽Χϲ¶صЦ⣬ԭԼڴ˵ػԼֺξ֮С
ɱ˳ɱ˱ӵãԵͷȪ֮µǡ
ҧ˵оǱɱ⡣
һЦɱɱ뱨ΣͬˣҪսɾͷ㵽ס
ΪʲôҪɱǣѵΪǶײ㣿
ʵ
̬Ѻһ㣬ɿԿǸ㡣̬̫ˣɲش⡣
˺ٺЦƺҲûӷС
ʱƶѾʮɽЩֱӷɵ˰
ǰƶҵԸǰ
ƶ𹧾ʩ
˻عͷЦˣͷһڣĸڵģ֮£ȴҲʸսڵˡ
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ŭǰںƶˣɴʱͬ˵ĽУòں⼸ҲԼǰ˵ʵڲ֮䣬κһôһսܵĿԱ
ƶ˶Բӻģʱֻ˵ӣˣҵǰƴڹȫ֡ڣ㸹ܵУԸҵȡ
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ЩĪ֪ӳԴʲôҩˣôԺһأԼͿˬƶǺأ
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ǰɣվҲнӣĺ⣬ˡ㲻ʹֶΣҪսսùҡУǺһģıɱҲԲᱳѡ
³˲ӵ˼ԭԼޣԼһ·
ɲԼʱӷаȫϣ෴ƶȻɱԼԼʱһֻѰ·
ϣвɼˣԼ˷ǿУһ޾ԷΪڴ˴òҲҷʩΪΨֽΣյľء
кΣȻʮΪ˱𣬵ȴֵİΣηǿУвΪ֮ж
ӱʮ겻Щ˾ڴ˴Ҫɱǣǣαżһʱأ
һ룬еḻ́ࡣ
ˣѾˣҲǵˣǿ󲻵áɽͲΪǱˣºΪ֮
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ͬˣʮֲǵΪǰ֪ӵΪԼǾԲֵġ
ܺãȻѲ豾ɼƽϣǱҲһӡ
˻䣬ͻȻһɫĴƿƿеʱһαѾڿУȴǲġ
ĴΣѾȫڿУòпϲû뵽˻û䡣
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ܺãͳܹʶ˵еĲӣʵ˱ɵĸ
ѿˣ֮׹û뵽ѾڵԻ
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λǰ´ˣλǰ˲С˹
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ƶ˼֮ˣͬʱͷµԸǰֻǰ³ɽ
ͳһˣ룺ˣټԼǾռӿ϶Ҫռһ߻ˣһﹻ֡⻹û˵£ϣֻá
ͳʱ򣬼˶㣬ҲĿ¶֮ɫԼһˣһֻʮˣԼȡһϵˣеѶȿ֪
Ϣȷģ˵һֻʮɽ𣿡
ͳʵ
ǰˣһֻʮԽɽ硣
ƶɫĻش
ʮ֪Ҫ
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˵ĵɣðɣӵǱһռ߸ĸʣµ⻹ȫ¼ġ
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˻һ·ʮ˵ɵˣһʧıƶˡ
ƶŵģƭҵȣ
һ̲סŭĺ
˻˹ͳЩȻûҲζЩ˱ɡ
ĪҲǳΰ뵱ǿûǰʱǱ˵㡣ǣƲˣǱҲδؿȡһǾͱˡ
ƶĻش𼤷˸˵ķŭ
ǰɲˡЩˣǲҲøһЩأƶʲô
ͳЦʵ
ƶΨԼȡȺһۣŹشǰõģЩˣΪ΢ֻڴ˵ذɣøκε
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ƭΣ˭Ǿ뱾һս
ƶЦ˻һЩû
֣罫⼸ɱˣһ㡣

ƶд󾪣Եǰɰҵȶ𼶱Ϊʱһ׵ġ
ͳصЦЦӣǱѾռǽɱˣһ¶ûˣ
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ƶ𼤶
ƶսӡӮˣ
ѧƶ˵ƶβѣǲ֪λشӡ
ĪҪɱ£ǱҲҪս£ӻǲμս𣿡
ͳЦƶһ
ðɣȻҪסǣҲ޻˵ֻǣ⼸ǽƻֿɱǵĶˣˡ
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ã
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ǣƶȼҪǱɱһᣬϱΪɣɶᱣȫǵİΣ
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ƶͳΪƶвŭɽߣҲͬʱ¶ŭ֮ɫ
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ƶȻһЦӵĿͳҲͬʱĿ¶м
ͳӳƺһǰȴû뵽ȴ̫㲻ڵΪҲѾﵽڣһսҲδػ䡣οҵˣȴһˣս˭˭ûһ̫ۡҵȾ㣬
ƶʮ˵ͬʱЦƺһͳ
ͳɫһдǱֲأ˻һս𣿡
ǣҵǡ
ӳԸ͵
Ӽ˻ҧˣ֣ҵҲ޾ǣˣ֮ԱҲֲ˶ٱˡҵռ֮һǲܣǾսɣ
ƶͻȻǰδеĿ⵹ͳҲЩ벻תһ룬𼶱֮ѾʮǿҪȫɱȴҲǼ֮£Լ˲صĴۣʱָս
ðɣɴӴֿǣзһڣǿԹˣǱɵĵ̡
ͳõ˵
ƶԴŭǰ㱻ϣ˿ͳϣüܵˡ
дҵ㶦˭ҲʤԷҵΪҪڿʼɽһΪҵռ棬˭Խ磬ҵȱΪ֮Ѫսס


1624 ð
ƶӲ˵Ȼ˶
֣ƺ޿֣޾֣
˵
𣿱ɷҲӣ磬ȥʰǣ
ͳӦ
ãԴϱΪ磬ռһΣ
˵
ãҪˣɻŶ
ͳЦ
òҪʱ˵ˡ
˵꣬˳ȥ
һɽһ£Ůܿʹһʵɽ֮󣬲Բ˾ؽƣŽɽ֮С
ɽ֮йĶڣǡһһڲĶȴͨģѡһȻɽС
ƺʺУеҪϡࡣԭΪӻɽ粻̫鷳˭֪Ȼ˸ӡ˶ҵ˴󣬿ǣм˿Խɽ磿Ȼζžһ
ипѣܿ뵽˲ӣԼȫˣԼ˺õĴҲѾΪǼʮеһԱ
ƶ˺Щ˱һ䣬ȴǵ˽ʮֱҵģΪʵãЩ˸ܶȡɽҲζڲú󽫻
Ȼѱѣﻹܹ˼ЩˣֻǸпˣûӣԼ˱
֮·ԽҵΪһ˵ʸ񶼲߱ǿɱ
Цҡҡͷڴ˴޷Լɽ֮ȻԶУյΪ㡣
˵һ²ɽ֮űҪɽ絽ʲôģأѵͻһ㣿
Щεš
һʱͻȻǰѾһˣϢԼ
ôˣ
Ϊȵʵ
ѵɾͲɽǱֲõġ
Ц˵
ˣлˣ
ЦŹֵʱȴһڴŮͻȻڿдһɱһ㱾ܵĶݳɽ
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о
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׳һĵȻȻŤ壬ǰ趯
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ôƯ𣿡
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ǰɣҼǵӸҵĲָоӼȻˣȴҲֻм崿Ȼ˷ɧ
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˫ĸ䣬Ľ⿪Ҳ˵
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ŮӼĺ˫֮͸ŲŵĿ⣬ôû뵽Լڿ˼ȴ롣
ûлشͲµߺˣֻЩ벻Ȼ˴ĵӡ
ŮһᣬҧӶҪ㾾㲻ΪӶ޿κΰɣ
αأصҹҵĶľţǾˮˮ˷ϧðŵӵǰʲôѵΪ·һѣҾͻԹԵİݵȹ£ˣҿɲˡڣҸһλĻᣬ·߰ɣ͵ʲôû
͸ƽ
ԣŮ𾪲ѣû뵽ԷԼݣԼΪҪȶԷϲãԷοԼӵĲ֮ͬأ
㻣Ūӣ㿴Ӿǲӣ
ŮȻ˵һı֮ɫ
˭һȷԿ϶ǣԲǲӡˣƭѾˣǿļװӣҲᷴԡֻǣȵӷأûõʲô³ǿǹġ
Ųæ˵ڷ֮УǲŶԷɵץסԼ
Ϊɾץס㣿
ŮŭˣһɫսףȻ͵ĳ
ڵһʱѡ˱仯屾壬һʵֱӳɺڣﵽ˽ڵʵ屾ǿ֧£ƶٶȴﵽһµļ¡
ŮӾȻ˿ˣǵâܿһߣŮд󾪣͵ƣڿдʮӰҪץס졣


1625 
߶ŷСĿռжΣЩصӰ·ʱֱײЩӰʵ֤ЩӰһ飬޷סӰ
ˣͣ£
Ůæ˵
ݷɽһǣҲЩŭԼз커㲻ڴ˵أȴҲⱻĴһ뵽һϲŮǿзҲЩ
㲻ҪˣŪκıƣɵķֲõĽƶԴ͸ο㲼õЩơƼˣھȥӣ֪ʲôˡ
ɭ˵
Ůԭе·һ˲ʧΣ˷ȴǶ޿κΣˣԼаѱ˶ԷС
㲻ҪӡҪⱾɣʵ̫ϲˣ˭ôأӣɱ֤´ˡ
Ů̾
㣬˵һֱʮǲױӵģǳʲô飬ǵıأ
аþõĳĬ
ӿҪˣҪˣǧҪ֪ӣӻɱ֮Ҳ𡣡
Ůٵ˵ܿɽĽƣȻһš
ŮԶȥıӰ˼ӣŴӷ֮жݳɻأû뵽ԼȻڲӵıӻΣա
ǰͳܣͳںӵΪΪֽ˷ŻأĪǣлı
뵽˴вЩˣֻȴǲŮΪҪԼ鷳ѵҲͳİ
˷ðӣҲʶݣһΪǲ˶ңЧֻɺڵΪݺңʲô壡
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ӽеͷ­棬Ȼ󵯳һͷ­˲䱻յֻʣ»ҽ
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¹شΪɣƶ𵥶ԼȻ󣬵ʱѾ̫ˡڵһһ£ΪƶǱӵĶƶһڵûκεвڻΪƶͳɱأ
Щϲ˵ƺԼʮ⡣
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ʮ˵
ɻȴֲ˼ȥʣϾӵܡ
ģǰһֱ֮壬Բȡȡ˫ȡֶΣѾʵҪʼѰӵΪͣڣѾ̫̫ˣԭΪڻԶҲͻɵ۾ˣ˭֪ڵ˵غ󣬱ӷƿƺͻơֻǰڴ˵ص̫٣Ҳֻвȡǳֶˡ˵ҲĹ͡һ˶ʮְϧ֮ʮֳԣԱʱ֮衣ȴɽûУ֮ӰķһֹȻȡһҲ츳϶ԣĪĲ࣬п෨ֻҪȡ㹻ôӽɵ۵ĿԱӡ
ƶ֮壬׼ͽ֮ɣȻطһãϾҪˣǻɡ
˵ܣȴҲֱˣû뵽Ϊ𶥼ĲҲ͵ʦԼ
뷨ǣҪУɲ֮
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㶵ΪѧαϷʱѾԻжһмƷ۲˺һŵóۡ
һӦǸƷǵķҲ֮ôͽ֮͸Լأ
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үмƷһûм͸ˣ
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ˣ͵ҶԣѾʮǿˡ
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ƶ𾪿Ī͸˿£Լ޷ӶݣҪ֮ԱҲȫ޿ԡ
ˣ˱𣡡
ƶЧǱ㿪ʼƺΪ֤ԼĴһ㡣
ȻԼģ㲻ƶĺܿ죬һƲӵͱ㲼úˣԶԶȥͻһһ㡣
ǰɹֶ֮ͨεҴ۽磬ʵ̫鷳ˣԶԶûҵɹ򵥣
ае˷֮УǱǺһŵ㣬Ǿ˵ĽУƺԾ߱ԭеĹܡ
ӵ׼ûн֮ȡ˿һķֱ׼˰ʱɲʽʼʱӵΧһпʼתƶ֮屻Ž֮УбԽƶʹùе
ⷽƺʺȴʺң̫īˡ
ЦЦȻ˲͵ĵһ
һ˼վⷨеգΪԼҪΪڷԺлᣬԼҲơ
мƷһɺڵ˶ԣʮݳ޵ķǽˣܹӵмƷҲˡ
Ȼ˷ȴǿʼշеӸӵ׼̲ͬѡֱԻ潫סȻԻΪý飬ʼɷе
̺ΪԣʵڲһǿˣɵĹҲ̫죬Ȼ츳ⷨȻҲֻȡһС֣󲿷ֵڿʧΣһ㣬֮Ҳûа취
ǿȫգҲж˻ѡ洢뷨֮Уֱȡˣ츳ҲѽȫɣǾֲ̫츳ˡ


1626 з
֮ڽⷨеһգ˷˲ȴҲ㹻ΪͻͽˣһεķɣΪֱӽˡ
˷ᵽһܵʹһΪʶͬʱͻɺڵΪӶﵽ˽ɳڵΪ
һпƻʵǽ٣һ˶ԣҪһһ㶼ķʮ꣬ʱ䣬ֱӽġ
ֻ֮ʶǿһֹԼΪǾһϾǴڵΪķԾˣӵʵսɫڵѾѣѾ߱Խս޽ɵʵȻԼֻܳս޽ɳڵˡ
ɽ֮УȻڱչ״̬У˾ͬŮһڿУϰȹΧɫãǽɫƶ֮ҲǡôĴΧһɲĻ
ν󣬿ɲҼȡˣϾΪҪǽ̫ˣ߻ħǿɾ͵òʧˣϾҪһһڳԣ·ҪһһߣŷϿɳչսԡ
ɽ֮УʱԵЩǱ㿿ʯڣʼǰǰĲǾķ羰֮£ǸϲŮɵķ羰ߡ
΢΢˫ۣҶһüë΢΢ţ۽ëһֱţСɵı͸żξӨĺ飬ŹԵʮֵأСţϳֳľѡ
ڲӵ壬Ƕţͦıֱ˿Ϊƶѷɫ٣Ǵµ˵ķڲϵתУȻʤա
ʱ򣬲ӽעϣȻ˿Ҳ£ſԿһʵĲӡ
ʵĲԵһҲƽΪͶ֮䶼¶̬һԵͻȻֵǸ۵̫ΰˡ
һˣû𲻶ϵĿģֻһӵʱ䣬ȴҲ޵ĻһȻһ˶һŮôһӵʱ˲伴š
òȴɷ糾ʿǲӦð
а
ƶǳȭͷСֻ֮ҴСˣһжϣӵҲҪˡ
ڵΪڵ֮壬ȴǺķ㼸ʱ䣬ҲԲӶԣѾһٶˡ
ԣҪɵͼ˵֮壬ȴ˲飬Ҳᵣκ߻ħĺƾһ㣬Ϊ츳ҪԶԶӡ
ֵ˰ʱֲӵһ£ΪɿҪʱȴһʱ䡣
ҲʼĿ˷ľһƷŮʱսԼļޣʼľƽͺ֮˫ۡ
һͲӣһľһսӾ£ҲԽľֵȫƽ͵״̬ǣϵĸԼϰȻֲϵĿ˷һ֮ڴﵽȫƽ͵ľ
ƽ͵״̬£оԼʶȻڷٵУɣ̽ҲʼϵǿΧ΢СȴͬŴһ㡣
֮󣬲˫ĿһȴȻ𾪵ĵɴͣԾΪɰ
΢һ䣬Χȫʧƶ֮ҲѾʱӲŻ档
㾹ȻֽˣŶãѾﵽɳˣӼ츳ǿˣȴǴû˭ٶȿ
Ȼʮ𾪡
ӹˣ͵ķҲͻԭеľ磬˵һжԴӵչˡ
ɫ˵
꣬ľƺҪΪӵԤȻǧ꣬ԿԴﵽɵ۵ľ硣
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Цʵ
΢һĬȻų̾һ
Ҫ̬츳ֻʹﵽɵ۵ľˡ꣬ںȫΪǣ֮󣬱𾳽磬ֻѾǱӵļˡɵ۾翴ƾǰ֪ȴңɼΣӻûܳһء
ҡҡͷЦЩɬ
ӣûġΪҲŬŬ㹻ʱһͻƵģ츳޹أ־йء㷽ʱҿЩİ
ת˻⡣
ҲоΪһˣѵӦʱ޿̶ŬʵǿűֻΪߵˡӺþûҲˡ
Цߡ
˾ôӲģһ˵˼ٻڻЩģڴ˴ֻȡеܲһֱշеɣҲһչˣᵼ߻ħԸҲԸ߻ħ
ٺЦ


1627 Ҫ
֮ҲЩˣôأ
ӺǺЦ
磬ɣǿԽ£Һ֪Ĺȥ

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Զԣʵûнµ츳ֻ϶˵һʱ֮ûˡ
ǣֵˣһȥ˰죬ŲһСֵĹ£Ĺȴ˲ӡ
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Ӽ˵ǿ޵˫ۺͨͨģҲֹͣԭ֮һ
ӲӵĻУҲƽһ£Ǳɽһ˵Ϊ½֮ȣֱ̫߱ˡ
ӣôУɱޣŮӿˣ֪ļǣΪ۸ˡ
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ӹ˵ݺݵвȴЦ
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ͻȻ˵ֻ˵仰󣬷ֲӵҲį֮ɫвɿյģһ˲ʧȥĳƽ͵ľ
ȥֻɽжԴţвŲӴȥǲΪԼĻ˵̫ˡ
㷲УЩ̾˿ɽУƺһҲʺΪмûʺ֮
û뵽Ӿʹ࣬Щ˵رȽˣһǶɣ
Ц˲͸ԼķȻ̲ųԼǲǲɣֱأ
뵽ȡһȻУͼγЧǰֱȡԻ˷ǿģʽȻ߲ȫķ
Ƭ̵飬ڿԽǷɿе֮һգһյ빦ڣ֮ܿͨϡ
״̬ȻٸоʱҲʼѸٵţ֪˶ãֱɽĽƱӽ⿪ʱŴ״̬бѡ
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ӣĪˣˣͲҪҡ
˵˻һͻȻͣЩĪΪԼ˵ˡ
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1628 Ůɵ
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ܿ죬ǳ֮㱻¿ʼ˲ӵ壬ʱ򣬲ҲѾûǳ֣֮ǣǳ֮ܿ˲ӵ֮С


1629 ǿߵ
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ͻȻ˵
ͬʱͳȴһŭɫǸһһڣ׼ǶԼϢ
죡û飡
ͳȵ
ͳôʵʵʮ֮ǰһս͵ϮӣȴǸһ˵Ĳشۡ赣ͳΪǶһսлٵˣңһˣĿǰûлָԭеʵߵļһУǵƷ󲿷ֶһεսУˣڵսԶԶûбϿôǿ󡣡
һֱ˵ͳ˱ס
СӼֱ˵˵
ͳ̺ǳֻǻճڣȴѾˡ
ôˣôᱻһСӼķŭԽŭⷴĻ
ͳܿľϾȻ¶һݸĪЦ⡣
ԪϹһۣȻͬʱͷȻѾĻ
ʱ˵ĻǴϢҲӰԪϹĽˣ֮ڽ˺󣬶Ѿ޾ͳˡ
Ϲ𣬲磬ɱˣǱᵽʮ
ԪĿ
ã֮ѾһˣֵʵԶ֮ϡ
Ϲ𿪿ڸ͵
ͳɫ΢䣬޺޵ĶһۣЦǶ޴νձҪһսʤôʮܹ֮¶ɡԲҪС˵ʵҲҪСڵĵӡ
ϹԪͬʱɫԷԲԹʵҪɱڵˣʵЩѡ
˫ţ˭ҲսҲһԾĵȴţɽ֮δ㹻ʱ
һһĳĬϹѾЭİ취ǾһһˣԪȻʮ֧һ۵㣬˫ֻҪöڵԷһڵˣ׬˵顣
ͳԣǣԷȴһֱ֣ͳҲЩԥˡ
ʱ˫ĶзɿʧϹԪѾЩͷˣͬʱɽƺȻ׼ͳˡ
Ȼ˵Ľֻ̬ӣȴŷͬСɵͳҲ޷ж˫᲻Ϊ¶ѪսףοһǿĳһԻ
ðɣһһˣӦǡ
ͳεĿЦ
˱һֵĺˣǣͳߵ£˸û̫Ļߡ
Ʊ𣬷򣬱ʩչԱͬھ
˽ŵ˵ⷬȴеˡ
ҪѡԱҲ۱ŵӡһᣬȥһӪԱɣ뿴ǵǷܵ˵Ա
ͳЦ
ͻȻ⣬ԭʦֲԼϣԼȡɽԼȥвԷ
ҪǱҲҪɱеһ󲿷ˡڵˣԱӦúɣ
˿ЦȻһǰȥȴǱƽǶ˾
Ҫ
ԪȻ˵ξȻ鲻ԽĿʼˡ
ƺη壬һֱǰ粽ʮˣûаտӦ˵Ա
λѵʩչ֮Ա𣿡
ͳʵ
ֹҲֻܲϧһս


1630 ɵ֮
Ϲҧ˵
ֹҲսףΪֻ֮Աѵʮ˲᣿
ԪҲȵ
û⣬Ǿ׼ܳͷɣ
ͳ˵ʱξǷٵĺˣԱҲͬˣ˵ǰܿһϣȻѾ׼ӦǺ˵֮Աˡ
Ԫʮͬʱʩչƣһ޴ϽǺ˵ȥ·סʮֲõĽƣȴԲ˵ĺ˿˲Ƴġ
ͳ˫üͻȻšһţԭƵвƺΪǿе϶ԵƲ㡣
Ҳʱվסɲ𣬷ŲŻԷ֪ԷЭ
˫ɵȴ˭ҲԸãˣһĽҲΧĿг˽ŵɱ֮
ʱٵţɽ֮ſʱҲԽԽȽ˫ԵЩżˣƺܱܿʧȥƣʱͬʱ顣
ͳͻʩϮڵ򽫺˶룬ʱǺ˱ܼɽ
ʦ֣㵱ң
־ŭ
ͳޱ飬ȴǵͷֻȴͷָָ֮С˽Կˣȴǲ²͸ʲô˼
ͳƣǺаϲȴװŭģŭһȻͳնһ
㵽
ͳɵ˺˵Ĺȴʵ
˼װһ㶣˵ҵȻǣʦȴǲһ·
ðɣٸһλᣬ˶ϰɣ𻹿취֮ǰɽ磬ֻڴ˵ء
ͳһһٵ˵
쳤̾һû˿ԥֱȡɽһĨһͷڵϣȻĲȴûκεѪ
һŽɫԪ֮ϳȻ㳯ͳȥͳĬĬĽ֮ӡһռ䷨֮С
Ǻ˵ʬ壬ͳ˼˲䣬ȻҲ֮ռ䷨֮С
ƽ⿪ͳ˫ѾЩ죬ŭλ𣬱Ѿһϧʦܣڣǵˡ
ԪϹһۣ˼ͬʱʩչ͵ϮֶΣܿ죬жƷ
ڴյЭ飬һʣʮˣȻЩ˲δɱȻһܻܿӰ쵽Ĺϵ
ѣ£֮ƺţ㽫֮ˣҲȡжɱЩ޷ɽˡ
Ԫ˵
Ԫ֮˵ֻʣʮˣ㻹ǸϿ춯ְɣʱѾˡ
ϹҲ˵
ãǵܿԽ֮ҲҪһ㣬ñõȡ
ͳͷͬ
ɵˣɵʵʦ֣ѵҪɱʦܣϣǿЦġ
ȻΪһʮֹٵ飬ʦֿû㿪Ц
ͳƽ˵
ʦƭ㷽㣬һǣˣȴ˶ѵͲǴ𣿡
߷ǳʵϵĺӸһһģԵüΪ
ͳŭĶ߿˼ۣźȵˣղֻǱȨ֮ƣΪʰһڵ˻ôűֻ˵̫ɵˣֲκˡ
ڵģȴվͳֻĬĬĽʮֲпʵ
ʱЩ˱ɱü˶ԣ˵ͬݣ͸
ɽſʱҲֻвʱˣʱͳȴһ۲ӶˣȻ˵λѾȷʮʮ֮⣬˶ǵĵˡƺж˻ûʰ磬ҵһɱˡ
ԪϹһۣȻͬʱͷҲζŶĬͳĻ
ǸСӲΪ壬ֻȴӵڵΪλЭһڵˣһʰ
ͳָŶ˵
֣ɵڵҲõҲҵս
ԪЦ
ԪǣðɣһսһĻᶼûУиҪ뽫ɽ硣
Ϲ¶еЦ⣬Χ˷׷״ЦֻϹļȴ㷲ΪһǾζԼбؽһˡ
û⣬Ϲֵ۹ǲ
ͳһˣԪҲЦŵͷ
ƺԲһԽˣȴһ㶼Ϊɱ产ˡ
ӣɱͳ

Сӣƾʲôɱ𣬱𶯶ָɱͼˣȴڱǰţǿЦ
ͳЦ
λɱͳӻǵĹ
ڿ˵һ˵ﲻݡ
֪Ϊʲô˿ƺˡ


1631 
вɣ
ͳЦҲΪӵʧķ裬ô˵ķԷ
Ц̫񲣬Ц˿
Ц˻һһĬ
λҪǶӵĻڣһɱǰɣ
ͳۺٵ
˽û˵ΪûŪʲôڴʱͻȻһЦ
ˣЦʲô
ͳŭ
ߣɣȥɽ磬ɣ֮ЦЦͷȴ֪

ˣ㵱۶Ż𣿳ɵڴ˾㣬ɡ
ͳҲŭ˵
ͳڲ¶ˣɵڴˣ֪кθأ
һ
鲻ԽĺˣΪͻȻɵڴˣϢԭʵסһӰ
ܣǰЩشԲܽɵ֮㲻ƭˡ
ͳ
Ѿﵽɵ֮أ
ӵЦ΢΢йͬʱܵйĿֲơ
ȻĴﵽɵ֮ôܣԲܡ
ͳȫʵ
ʦ֣Ĵﵽɵ֮ˣ̫ǿˣѾڵΪ
뷢԰׵߿ЦѵѾʮ־֡
ɵۣȻֻһ֣еʵȴǲɵ۳ڣҲԲڵ˿սġ
λսţǵȫʵ޷ֻһոսɵۣһֵĶ֡
ͳĺȵƺѾɵۡ
ǿɵۣɲɵۣ
Ԫæ˵μٺˣѾûǰĺ׳
ĵС
ͳȻϹ
ǣϹȴǹĵǸɵϣ¸ղŶеɵˡµð¾ԲͳɵΪУ
֪ǰ֮£ɵѾˡ
ӵȻ˵
лɵۣ
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ͳʱŸܵһĪǿѹνǧ㣬ȴһУԼһֻжˣȴҪ˶ǿˡ
ʦܣһ𲢼սɣͲ½ɵۻжô
ͳΪԼ
ȻǸ뷢԰׵ȴǲ룬ʱѾԼѾΪ˾Ƶһɵ۲ԼҲδʮ˵Ķ֡
ʦ֣Ҳ㣬ֻҲ̹ң˲Ϊ𡣶ԲˣҲɵۣ
߿ЦȻҲ뵽ͳԶһ㡣
ɵˡѾ֪ˣ
߹ĵ
ûļһ
ͳŭ
ֻҪɵɵǲǹġ
΢΢Ц
ҪӷʩѾλҵһɱͳ
㡭㲻ʦ֣ȴҲԴʦְɣ
ͳ˵
ɱʦܣҪΪʦܱѩޣ

ԪҲʮֻΧ£һ׼ɱͳ
ܵУͳʱԼ˶ôصĴԼΪҪһʱ̰ɫɱ˲ӵأҲͰˣԼΪҪõأҲ͵Ϯ
ԭͳû׼ɱӵģֻȴû뵽ӵʵȻôǿ˲òƴս
˹֣ͳһ⣬ʱﻹаս⡣
ͨ
һͳѡ˹ģɵۣһж²ԣѾ֪ˡɵ۲Ҫɱ£ԸⷢЧҲɵΪ
˻һ˽𾪲ѣû뵽ͳȻ˸ɴ֪࣬Լɺ󣬺ܿȡֶΡ
Բһ㶣ڵ˷ԼΪԼûģڴʱǸͳȻͶˡ
Ҹô
ȴѯ
΢΢һЦֲӻԼӣʱͳԼͬ޵иһ㣬ﻹǰֲмһ˵
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ͳż˵
ŶҪһ棬ҲǲԣñֳС
ٺЦǽȨԼֵһԿЦ
ôֳܱµĳ⣿ʾһհ죡
ͳ˵
ѧûеĺ
˻һҲЩ̿ȴסûЦ
ͳסˣĶʮֲԸ⣬һ뵽Էɱͳ㼫Ϊġ
ΣһֻҪԺܻϣġ
ͳһҧѧ̬ڶЦ
ðɣһ˵ѾûκˣɾʹһԾΪɣһҪѪģ㵨ҺŪǾ͵ɣ
˵
ӽͳкоЩ죬ڲǰԼԷɱļңȻʱ˿̣ԷȴԼˡ
һԣΪһΪ飬ЩȴñҪϲ١
͵οһӵǿʵأ
أ
һָ뷢԰׵ߡ
µȻ
߹˵
͸ϿΪ
Ŀ˵
аٰ㲻ԸȴǲΥǱֻεϲΪ
Ԫأ
˵ڵĸ֡
Ԫ𵱼ЩˣʱûԼѡأԼӣԶڵһɵۣԼܻǶ֡
ԪǸϹ׼
ǽΪҲһ¡ǲȫɢɣǱǵ֪ϢһΪ׷ɱӵġ
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ӣ赣ˡЩܸȥԵģö㶼㲻Щˣİȫбһ㡣οѾӵɵʵĸɲ˼ɣ
Цŷⷬʱ˲еĹǡ
ȺȻֻڲˣˣȫɱģΪȡ֮塣
תһ룬Щڵ˽ڵĿԻܴǵ֮϶ûʹΪĻ㣬ԣвȫϲΪ
һ˸û˵أܿ죬˽Գ˲ӵˣֻǣϲˣȻʮˣȻ˶
ǵ˶ˣøɱĶأ
ʵ
񣬶ѾˡȻɱ˭ɱ˭һǽɱΪĶˡ
ٺһЦ޽ڵŮӵŵĿ޳
һǶ˵㱻ԭأҪԶ֣ˡ
ֻʣʮˣʱɽ֮ſʱѾһʱˡ
ȻСĽ䱸ţΨЩ벻ɱˣϾʱΪǶԣȻǷǳСĴڡ
ȴɫںЩΪǿǣԣЩǲҲϲΪˡ
һʱʱת˲ţеͻȻͬʱʧӰ٣һƬڰĻ֮УҲֻģĿʮɷԲ֮ʱȻʲô
ҲҪ֮ǿĽƣ
ӳѵ
ǲΥӵޱߵĺڰУоһ˫СץסԼĸ첲жʱǲӡ
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ǰһâ˳ǵâϡԿĳƺڴ˵ء
ߣ
һ£˿ʼǰȥͳںϺ
һ·ϲΣգʮɵľͽһ֮ء
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һ췢ڲԶʱһϣǰһŰһֻűһǣеһϡ
󣬺ȻǶĹӣЩӻƾճڿһ㣬ǶŹУ˴Сһ鼮ֱʮ߽߲ͻȻ̧ͷ
ϬˣԿģ۾ϣƺеҲȫ̽ߡ
һһΪλڻ򣬵ʱμսսĶûһһ
˵
ǣ˱һʼԼֵʱͻȻɴ۾ƺʮ־ȡ
СӣԺδѵһڻ򣿡
𾪵ʵ
ɣ²ǳ㴦ڻ򡣡
Ļش
㲻ԻҲû֮еκϢѵʯͷĳģ
ٵʵ
ɣңԶ˼硣
ش
˼磿ô˻򣿡
߸ˣȻе鶼ˡ
²ûɽ磬Ǵ˼һֱУżһ֮ڻˡ
ʵش
߳ĬˣͻȻ˫㷨ƲһȴǺϲ£졣
˶ˣ
һָתм䴦ȥ
Ҳ֪ҪԼôȴҲ֪ܾܻ
ɣһͬǰ
Ӳһǰȥ
ոսɵۣǾɣ
ͷҲص˵
ӣĪҪ嶯
ͳ˵
⼸ͬʱȰΪǲӳˣͳһҲˣԣȻϣǰȥðա


1632 ֮
죡ӵ飬зִ磬ֵõǲ죡
һ˱ȫһֻаļķݡ
Ҫҵң㣡һȥˣ
ƽ˵ֱԷֻǶԼˣӦòɱԼ
ҲһȥҪͬȥ㱻ɱҲϧ
ҧ˵
˵ЩʲôͻȻֲѾԽԼǰȥһҪ׷ϲӣͳû˿ԥͬʱǰ׷ȥ
̫ˣ
ߵÿ˵Ķ𣬲ӷһǿӿԼԼ뿹ܣ˭֪ǹȴǽԼεİסˡ
ɵʵô˲һأ
а
ֹǲӣҲ׷Уûһ˿Ī
ɣɱǡ
æ
ãҴӦ㣡ɣ
ߵĻش˿Ŷ衣
ӵ˵ѾһɹɺɫסʱֻĿȥ
ԼĪӣԼһտķ䣬տУԼصߡ
󣬷ͻȻرգʱͻȻ¶صһЦСѣҪģҲ㲻ġ
ҪǺ¾ͲӦǰˡɵΪԶҵȣɱǣɱˣڵȵڡ
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ĲµĵҵĿģǾԲܵġ
ĪЦ
ΨпЦŵͷڴʱԺͻȻӹδĻ棬⻭֮Уƺ͸Լһɫĺӡ
Ȼɱң
аʵ²³Ҫһ£ǰǷԴӦһأ
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һΪҴӦ㣡
Цɢһ˸оʮصϢ
ɲɽ磬Ҳǻ򣬸½磬֪¿в¶ԣ
ԺЩӹĻ棬Ʋ
ԭЦͻȻסˣ˫ۼҪɳۿֱĶһ

߾ȴǾܣֳϲ֮ɫ
Сֵܣ֪Ϸ𣿡
߼ʵеĳƺȻʮС
סˣһۣʼѸٵ˼
ʵŵĲ²ⲻƲģǰһֱ˵ע֮󵥶Լн²Լĳ֮
Ҳ½֮ˣΪԼĸоǷ֮ˡ
Сֵܣ˵˵ˣҾʹӦҪ󡣡
Ȼʮֵļ
²´أ
ʵΨֶԷΪԼ²ʧͷ
ˣֻ̣ܲ£
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²²Ӧ硣
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ԭأôԼһͼ˿硯֣ô³ģ߸ΪԻ
ðɣҴӦҪ󣬾ԲΪǡ
ߵͷ˵ˡ
лɣ
м˵
ҪǿңǾͳƺһ磬Ҫһֱô
Ц
磡
ҲȻԷ˵ȻԼ׽ԼƺҲûκɾܾǿߵ硣
ȷʵµǸطܲ³ƺҲĪĹϵҵһμ㣬о˵ڲͬûв´Ҳ½磬ԵĵطӦԵĵطԶ
߶˵
ô²ҵԺδأ
ʵ
ߺٺһЦͻȻһ⵹һȴûܣΪǿĸǰκη޼µġ
Сܣеɫ
߹Цзһغڹ塣
Īĺڰ֮Уֻһж粻һ㣬ֻʣ޾ĺڰ
ڹʧ߾̾Сܾ֮ˣ
һΣֵˣԷֻԺڰԼȴǿԲ³Լ֮ˣδҲ̫ˡ
磬ֻ´ˣ֮ӡ
˵
ϢϢȻʮ΢ȴӲҵ̽顣ָҿѪҺ
ߺٺЦ
֪ˣԼҲ޷ɣǱ㻮ָһѪ˿С
ȫעĶѪ΢΢ʶţƺѪҺζ
ã߲žϲĶ˵Сܣ㾹ȻӵѪûв´ӦĻ֮ˣλԷǳ֮ߡˣĻѪô˼俪ʼأ


1633 ɽ֮ս
֮˳УиƺȫĴڡ
ЦһǱ㿪ʼ߶ֻһȥҲûзʲôر֮
ߵüͷƺ˼֮Уһֱʱȴ˼š
磬ɱ߻ħˡ
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Ҳ֪ԼģΪȴ壬УԼϱӵôһأԼôܼ࣬һԱ
֮ӣƺأ
ǲš
СܣŴĻǰɾԲǷ֮Ƕ˽ˡһޱǿ壬ǣУȴһֱû½ơң֮ȴһֱӣ˵ط˵磬һֱСĵ޷Կһ壬ǵﵽһǳɹ۵ʱҲԿǰ˵֮ǰѾǨ˵Զ磬񵽵ʲôȴö֪
ƺңԶĻ֮С
ţǰ߶˽ҪԼԼΪһĽ壬Ƕ˽̫٣ƺһܱ顣
ȫע߼˵ҶоΪ˱ǿսʱѡѪһɳԴǿʵֹ꣬һӵܣĻѪڳɳΪǿߺȴΧˣ硣
ҿѾûˣ㣬Ҳȷ͵Ľ濪ʼɳɳٶȣֻеķҲرֲ֧ȥпóģ岢κεĶ⣬ԣԲԸ塣
ðɣҴ˵ʵǣҷ̥ôһأ
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ѽ͡һг˵ʵʱƣʵҲٵԼĪ൱ʮ壬ʵѾڳˣ꣬ʵٳΪмˡҪֻһ̡ͨ츳ǿһ㣬֮ʵǳǿ󡣵ȻһͷҪɳΪҪ¡ҵо£ٶҲҪһϣ󲿷ֶᳬʮꡣ˳ʱ䣬ŻӵһǿĳԱʱ֮ҲЩȴԣѡ弫ٵһȥɳڸ̵ʱǿ塣
ӳ㱻ӡȫʵıĸУȴҲΪȻ⵽ôģҲһ£ĸĸǷƣ
߻˵
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ش
Ͷˣ˵֮ӣȷʵĸĸǣıȴ壬ԣһע߱ԡʵںܾԶǰҲԴ֮࣬ҲкܴһԴ࣬Щޣγǧ˿Ƶϵأ
΢΢Цⷬڽ⿪⡣
ݣҲֻǲ²Ϊ֮ӣȻһԣǱ֮ӡǻ壬ǿߣͳ˧е塣ҵоУ廹û֮ӽ棬ԣԻС㱻棬ԣҲ˵һ£Ҳ˵ǻ¡һУֻܿŬˡܴ˼ΪҲ˺ܶͷɣϽɽ磬̫ģɽҲ޼ֻɽٶȻȻɽ츳һɽ磬ֻ²֮ЩɵǶᰡһ뵽ΣұΪ˷ܡ
²˵
лɻǰ·˭Ҳ֪δ׻ΣֻСĽŬʵһֱȥϣһΪǿߡȻˣôӦһ˵ְɣ
΢Ц˵
˭ֻҪ˵ĲǷ֮Ӧ˵
ŵ˵
ȣ
³֡

߼Ҫץˣʵ㻹֪ʲô˵ô˵ȵģ
ҵֵܣ˼ġ
ش
ôأƺܡ
ɻʵ
ôȷأ
ʵ
˵սҲһ˵еһս缸޵֣˸ս񡯵šսһ˭棡꣬仰Ϊ˲֪˲ʵҴӳݡսȣСͷһҪ׷սɱ硣


1634 ڰؼ
߿Ц
ҲЦˣû뵽˳ȻǷ˿ǰضǿǿҲȵķ˿
꣬սûκ˷ǿ߶ˡǣһսıչˡ֪Ϣұǰȥҵս񣬶˵˼ı˭֪ȴ⣬ƺһսʱҲɳΪǿ֮һǣһսУҰܵĺܲҡֻһֱֻңȴջһֵܡұΪ磬ҲҵСܣϢȴûдȥ
ӭıһ죬ɽ֮ϣеĳǿߣȲҪԼӦһᵥƣǿҲûκΰ취ǣȴִǰԼɽ֮ϣȻǿƴһս
һսǾ춯أҵɱһֱһ꣬ǿУʱսȴԽսԽǿȴɽǿ߲õǿСУսӲȥЩǿǵԶ̹ȵҲĵʮֶࡣ
֮ȵʵѾ½һֹȻǿߵܹڿʼˣһ죬綼ţǿ䣬Ҳ˲ءȴѾܣȱסǽնΪŶΣֱڲͬطսƺҲҸȵһͷ­ʵҲûͷ­ǽ֮ؼңȻÿעһǧ꣬һ죬׼עʱͻȻиվҵǰ
ԭսֻˣǿܻսƺšսûͣã˱㷢ܣǣлսһ𲢼ɱСþȫʵڽսڻ˰ȫĵطսһңʱȵ뿪硣ս뿪ˣҲηˣɱʮǿߺڱץΪսĴڣǲɱңֻҵı壬ֻһȻ뾡һа취ҵķʵսڴ˵ء
߷·ص˵ɱֳޱȻսսһ𲢼ɱս
ƿԣԭ˵ǿ󣬿ǣȴձһָУԼΪˣʵǸķ̡
¸߶Էֻ¶Է̽ԼʬΣ뵽ɸоһ
Сܣ֪ս
߼ʵ
ӦûǴ˼ɣҲѾɽˣһ治
ش
ȴԸǿʤȴǲ֪˷Ϊ½֮ˣĿɱ̾ȴٶ޳Ҳܱ֤ͿһֱΪǿߡ
߳
磬ǷûǿʤԸ޷Ϊӵкպս񣿸ģһΣȴһԻָʵһ죬ȻǺպս˵ݺҾԲŹǸˡ
һһٵ˵жȵ֮óģѾ֪ȵԸѾı࣬ò˶ãٴγΪĳǿߡ
һ㶣Цദʱ䣬ܹĸܵǱʡǲ⣬һΪĳǿߣᳬսȡõĳɾ͡һҲʮֿ϶Ϊδĵ·Σأƾǿ־һһΣôĳɾͽ޷
л佱ƺʲôҪ͸СܰɣĪһɫ飿
Ц˵һ㶣ʱ֪ĿԤ⵽һЩ顣
ʲô㰡ұܶ˵ˣΨǰȴ޷Ԥ׼ȷЩͬ飬ֻǸŮӿԻĳã˶Ƕ֮ˡ֪ǵʲôϵһɳڵ˾Ȼɵۻһһ漣
߹Ц
ǸɵҵѣˣԭǵˣѾȫϲΪҲûʸΪˡǶҲǱӦҿɲںֻҪǸɵۿԻĳã㹻ˡ
͵
ŵͷȻ˵ԤҪһ飬ģӦңҾԲὫǱ͸㡣
ʲô粻ֱ˵
˵
֮һҪúõĻţһֱ壬֮ҪΪǿߺĪҪȡ
Ȼ˵
Щʲôһġ
а
ˣܴӦҵӦҾ;Ǳ͸㡣
ƽʵ
ҴӦ㣡
Ȼ˵ȴȻ𾴣ƺûһأ˵ΰ
߿һץһɫУⱾһƬڣղо޾ڰ޼
ѪǲĳɳҪ˵壬ҿɾ͵òʧˡȻ˼磬ĿϣǿһʣֵܣֵܣԣҲŻὫⱾڰؼ͸㡣ⱾĿϣܻĸһЩȴԺҲһʵǿֵܡǧҪСⱾ飬ⱾǿһȫףʵҲޱǿⱾڰؼ͸Ҳй¶һоͿԼˡ


1635 ѵѡ
߽ݸ
˫ȥӣɽӵ֮ȴһǿԼֱ׹
ص飡
аþȫûˤ
΢ЦĺˣȻ˵СܣˡⱾ㴦ˣסҪڵϣҪй¶Ȿ飬ҲҪй¶ҵʵݡ
˵ʲôʱߵѾʧ
ⱾôذҸýںδأ
зˣ뽫֮֮УȴǸ޷쵽Ǻ䣬ظ޷쵽ˡ
ܱܲⱾȥɣһɽ磬ⱾһᡣһһʾҲ
о˳أ˫žͬǦһ㣬ֻһЩġ
ʱֽⱾ鶪ĳ嶯һ뵽ߵǱǿаסеĳ嶯ƴȫסⱾ顣
ⱾӦòһ飬˵ɢǿӦһǿķֻҪǷӦһ˵Ī˼ȵѪ
뵽΢һҧǱһνɫѪѪδǺɫؼʱɫؼͻȻɢһɫԼֺԼĿӡ
ۣ
һģһѪ˫֮䣬ܿ죬еĺɫؼͻȻ˲١
һѪķ
ѪеĺɫؼҲԽԽᣬ֮ΧĺɫͻȻʧɫؼҲ뵽Լ֮УСΪĴָСһԲ㡣

һֻöͷѾǴ󺹣Ѿöڵˣ黹治һء
¡¡
ҵͻȻ俪תȭл磡ȸˡ
֮Ŵ̤ĳǰȥͻȻԼ徹ȻԵЩƮƮģвɴ󾪣ڵõǺɫؼԼƺЩͬˡ
ʱûʱȥǺڰؼֻӣȲܿ˼ˡ
ʱڷϵ飬һĽζ߹ʱӵһϲĺ
ˣ̫ˡ쿴кöǿؼ
ָ˵
΢΢ˬʵӣǿõ˵𣿡
ӵ΢΢һ죬ҡҡͷȻе顣
ȴǳУֱһȣ˷ŷе顣
ɣǳǸǸղŷ飬ԭǡ
ȭ˵
Ҳ̳ԵǸǼҲͬʱǸ
ѣȻϲǾһһ߰ɣ
ߵƮ
лɣ
Ҳæʼл
ǣһȡһ飬Ψȴǿ˫֡
Щ鶼ǿôѡһأ
գ۾˵
ˣҵΪܵͣЩҶ̫ˡǿ߰ɣ޷ɽˡ
㳶˸ɣʵѾ˴ˣҲͲںǵСˡ
ǰ˲ãһʹһС
ҿҪǰɽˡ

ӱ𼱣ҪǲǵɽĴ󡣡
˵
˹۲һ󣬷⴫ص˵
ǷػĴ󡣡
ͳЦ˵
ϸ緢Ҫصԭˡ
˵
ÿɷЦЦеЩԻˣɽ֮ŲѾΪʲôԼȴ·ĸ㣬Ȼ֪δǰС
ˣҲһֱעɽڡ
Ԫ𼤶ָһ˵
Χ£ȥǣϹҲһעɽڵĴһЩԻˣ֪ǴֱעǷ׼ȷ
΢΢üʱʵԾһеģָӵ⣬ӵϰԵ
֮Ǹõѡأ
ܣɿЦ̫ˣڲɳǰһʱ󷵻棡
֮
ӵͷڵˡ
ǰȥмǲⴳ룬ǶȻ𡣡
ϵ
µȾԲЦ
ͬĻش
ǣ˱ǰԭصȴֵȴʱԵ˵
ղǰʲôˣ
Ӻʵ
ɵһЦҲ֪ΪʲôңҲ⣬½һЩ顣Ҳ²пҲ½ķߣпͬһطԣŻѯһɣ
Ŷԭˣûɱ⣬˭ҲȲ㡣ֻҲȫҪڴ˴ƽأҲ֮ˡ
ӲδɣΪĻԲ˵ͳҲûаĻɡ
ǺǣǰˣôܶҵСȤأ˵λ˵õ˲ٺô͸ҵ飬һԴҵΪаɣ
Ц˵˷׷׵ͷ
ʱͻȻʲôƵģһ̯֣˵ҵǵݡɣ齻Ӱɣ
ͳһʹӱߣȴû˸ҿһһԹԵĽ鱾˲ӡ
΢΢һЦжȻݸģӦ뱾һ˵صĺô
ˣǵӲ͸ˣ͸Ұɣ
л
ͳ˵ĿͬڿһɵϣΪЩ˵ĺôԶ׼ȴǻؾˣ󲿷ֵ·ȫͬ
ȻˣȴǴĵΪܹܾջʵ̫ˣòӸƷ
ЩȷҪʱҡ
ȻʮֵĳݣеЩˣӰңûҺڰؼҿԼһǣ˴ˣܵñֵĴһ㣬ЩڰؼĿɲһ㡣
Ȼǲᵱ˵ģֻǵͷ
һʱ֮ڣ׼ʱˣֻһ˵ı飬µ鲻
ˣµѾ̽˺Զľ룬һֱ̽鵽ȵյ㡣УȻʮбעɽһʮĶʮֱע򣬻磬ħ硣
һ˹˵ȴһĿЦ
һϵϣһһپ١
Ǻã
ӾֻԴЩˣôഫ󣬾ȥԣҲû㹻֡
ˣǷѯǸǰӦ֪ͨɽ硣
ͳ
Ҳֻˡֻǣ𣿡
Ӷ鲢û̫ġ
Ȼᣡɽ֮ѾΪǳˣǻʱ䣬ʱ֮ڻ޷ȷĴôɽ֮Ҳرաߴ˴󣬺Ը֮ڴ˵أҲɡҪָҸ֪Ǵ𰸣޿ܣ·Ѿǰ·Ϳȥѡˡ
ߵƮͻȻ˽һһ㶵ġ
Ҳƺûа취ˣûﵽɵΪҲԵ˵Σǰ𣬴ʱҲ벻ͨɽİ취
ƺǱ㿪ʼ񣬽ƽľأܿ죬ԺѾʼһδĻ棬ЩͬŵӰƵԺӹ
һԣ
վÿһ֮ǰԤ⣬Ժкֽܿ봫֮Ļ棬ԴжϴǷͨɽ磬취֮Чġ
ӵ޲ߣȴһһڤ룬öʲô
˽ʾ֭Ű취Ȼͷʱƣ㻨˶ʱ䣬еĴ֮ǰԤһ
ʣһʱ䣬ٴѡԵڴ֮ǰڤ룬ֻܿ˴ʱ䣬ʱ佫ʱӼҪѡһˡ
Ϊ룬߱ɱˣѰһ룬ҲҲԽɽ֮С
黹Ѱûѵҡ
Ц˵ע⡣
ǲ뵽취ˣһ㰡ǵʱѾˡ
Ӽ
ʲô취һɳڵˣǲӵıӻͲ֪ٴˡ
ͳ֮Աǣȴǲұֳֻĵױ
Ҳʲôð취һſϷ
ӣǵǸýɽһأҵ˽⣬ɽƺҲֳɣѡ񡣡
˵
ɽ硣
ѡ
ˣɽ֮ΪҪɽ磿
ͳмԸ
ʸ񷴶Ա𣿡
ͳ̱졣
ðɣһͨɽ磬ǰɣ
̬һָǰĴȻ׼봫С
עĿǻ򡣡
Ԫ𿪿˵
ǰǽֵ÷ػˡ
ϹЦ
𼸺ͬʱѣڿԵıעҲ˶ݵԥ
ðɣǿѡĴ󣬷һ󡣡
ν˵ֱ߽˴֮С
һҧŽ룬ڹؼʱѡ
ͳεĸŽ룬ΪΨֲһˣԼ˱Ҫ


1636 
˶˴ɵͷʱĿʼˣһƬҫ۵İâ˵ȫ֣ʱ򣬳֮⣬˵жЩš
ʮϢֻ֮ǰһƬڰεĺڰ˵мΪţͻȻĺڰҲһĪĽš
˽ĴߵͻȻڴ⣬ȴŰâֵĴǾȻһĨصЦ⡣
ȻԤϣСӾȻԤδ֪ǣȴ֪Ҳ߱ǰɽ磬ǾͶǰɣһɵԱߣֻвȰв
߶Ŵ󣬺ٺٵЦͻȻһǴһɫĹâҲ֮˴С
ڴʱֻһ޷ݵԼԼΪ˵޷ȫĸоҲоԼСڡ
֪˶ãһʱֻһ죬޷֪ʱУĽһʶ״̬УȻʲô֪ˡ
ɻȵĹȵףһǵϪϣʱһ˾ڵϣϵıΪ꣬ƽľͬһո˯ŵӤ
Ϫˮ֮УͻȻһˮһһ߶೤ĺɫԾˮ棬ɫˮԾ̽󣬷ְߵȻ˯š
ಣ
Ծˮ棬Ȼֱ䵽˻֮˵ߡ
һâ㾹Ȼ仯ΪһˣһɫĽװˮմȻǾ߱ˮĹܡ
˵ͷϻðˮˮµδ
˭ôԯˣ
˿˵۲һ¶һЦ⣬ĺܲҪˡ
һֻĴͻȻϮľʱȴһٵƿ˴󾪣֡
ಣ
һ֧ɫļ𼸺˵ֱ˵ֱǷķɼˣѪע
ԯ
ŭһץסȻ׼ԾˮС
򣬱ɾҪɱ㡣
һٵĺȴһŮӵ
˷ıע⣬ûߣعͷ˵ĵط
ԯֳһö壬ſһŴ֦ϣݵͬһֻСЪϢţΨһвĸоеƻ깭ЩɽҰʮּɵȻǶԸʵǿɽ꣬ħȴҲһ˶á
СԹԣԯǸһŰɣɲ㣬ʮ겻ɣҺΣ
˺ٺһЦϡѾԯλá
ɽ꣬ﲻҰĵطҪٲϿܣȵɴĸָϹ㶨𡣡
ԯȻ£ȴǹȵһΣԯʹͻ˷һ㣬Ҳɰü
ԯɴԯһٮٮߣ䲻ʮ꣬һȴǼΪȴûжɱ顣
Сãûɣ֪ʲôط𣿡
Цʵǽ䱸š
ԯԣ֮أ´ֶԲμӣЩɽҲμӣ˫ʵһ޶ֵģⲢ˵˵ǰȫġ
ɽǲݵĵˣԼȴҲֻ໥ѭǾԲп磬˫Ƿսۡ
иָֻܶȥԸ
ԯаԼһͬѾʧɢˣеĶȥˣеҲһһֻԼΪɸ߼񣬲ϧ˵ء
㲻õģɱûʲôȤ磬һףװû꣬˰ɣҲ鷳ܿ뿪
һǲð̫ķգϾԯɴ屾ǷǳĹ˴䣬ԯԯɴһٮٮߣûʲôս飬ʵҲȥ
ߣһɽ͵ϮˣȴǷˣԼԷڰҲ֪Էûа֣УԼѶԸǡ
ԯ΢΢һɣǲԼƴʵˣǸȴߣǱɱˣҵĹ
ĸɴļһôͻȻεϪˮأĪˣ
ԯɻأǸϵ˿ͻȻֲһ¡
㻹ش𱾻𣿸㣬Ž֪֮꣬ٮٮ߰ɣֻҪͷջսƷȥģδػɱҪǾʹϺö뱾꽻ɣסֽ꣡
˹Ц
㰲ȫȥḶ۵ġ
ԯĴ󷢣ڴʱǸϪˮԵˡ
֪㲻ô˵Ҫ긶ѪĴ𣿱Ѿˣǣ㻹ûиѪĴۡȱץס㣬͵ű۸ɣ
˿Цֻ֣ϵ˺ǴĿģȴѾֹͣѪ
Ѱ·
ԯŭеĹѾʱ׼Է
Է˵ͬʱѾԯķλͻȻһȴǶһöɫ塣
ã壡
ԯд󾪣屾ԯɴزȴΪɴҪˣԯɴ˴ۣҲ岻ԯ֮
һóԶ̹ĹֶԣöԷɻһجΡ
ΧģûУԯȻһſ֦ϣеĹȴʧȥԭеĿꡣ
δ˷
ԯаæһڶһŴϣһΧǧɷΧڵ֮˱мѭ


1637 ԯ
һɫӰӽԯ̽Уֻ˲䣬ԯеļʸѾƿնͬʱԯͬһӹΧĴѾƵϪϡ
ôС椣ˡ
һҽдŭĺһΣʸͷɹˣȴҲŵĳһ亹
ȵԯ֮ȴﲢûκڵϢ
Ѿ뿪ˣ
һͻȻ˶ϵķ䣬жʱ󾪣һʩչ˲֮
һݺݵնǷϣҲͬʱƿ֮˶ŵɫҰף弸ٴεļ˲ƣֻǣǵʸȴӰΡ
ⲻܣ
꾪ֵļеԲŶԷļȻֱӴ͸ԼϵսףѪȾؿʱȻԸпʵ
ԯаԾϲԼٶȻ˼ʸ΢΢۾ʸһԶꡣ
Ҫ㣬Ҫɱң
꿴ԯλãȴǿԸ֪ΣȽԼл׼ԼʱԼ
ԯ΢΢һűֱжԷͷ­ǲ֪Ϊʲôԯȴһ֣ûһͷҲöԷлĻᡣ
ԩԩ౨ʱˣɲɱ㣬߰ɣ
ԯ˵Ȼʸһֱ׼ꡣ
лﲻɱ֮
꼤Ļش͵ĳԶȥܿʧûټ
ԯһֱʮϢֱȫȷԷȥſʼƶγϪ߶ȥ
˭ĸɴģ
ԯ˵ֻҪһ˲жһ塣
ԯϸʱͻȻ˿ȥ˵ӢǾµٽǴڻУȴȻɢһݵʡ
˼Ϣʱ䣬ԯͻȻһɹĸоϻģЩ˼ٿϵĻߡ
ôˣ
ԯһָӣֻϵ¶ȱҪ̵Ķ࣬ƲϪߣϪˮ֮УԼϾȻԵúͨͨġ
ϪˮԽԽˣһ˶ҩ
ԯа
ڴʱȴһԶ𣺡ԯһڴ˵صģӳ֮ء
ԯܵΣѰڷصĵΣɿڵϵԯԥһ˲䣬ȴǽĸ첲
ಣ
ԯȻ㳯֮صɭǰɭ֮ؽԯλãڶأҲԼ
Ӳ˵ġ
ƬֵشԹʮ뷽˵ԯвЩڣԼˣȴǸԼ˾޴鷳
Ϫˮһƽ̹ĵطԯûɳԶȴǰĹľд쳣вɴ󾪣ͣסΡ
ǵ˭ɸ˵
ԯʵ
ֻˣһ˶ѣβʰͲꡣ
Ӻ󷽵
Ӵ˷򡣡
ԯаȷУֻһˣԼġ
ýƻļһǣһﵽʲôط
ԯаżʱ޷ֱ˵ľλá
ľӰԯȷвɴ󾪡
ٺ٣
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ԯٶȽץסгˣɵȵҽ֮ʱһɱӭ
ಣ
һӰԼԯܵķڷ֮ʱȻϽ
ϵˡ
ĿЦ
ԯ̾һɹķǰҲͬʱһԼȻѾ˶Է֮С
ʱ˿̣ԯѾᵽϢԼʵǿ֮Զ̹ԼΪ൱ĵˣֻҪԼкܺõ֮ҪܵҲ¡
ǣС˵֮ԯԿ϶ԷʵԼ֮£ˣԼڶԷҲʧȥ˼ȫƣһʤС
Ϊ˾㣬ҲŻΣյĴѽοҪˡ
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м㵱СӡǸһȷֵģȴˣ̰ģҲˣñøл𣿡


1638 еķ
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ʹİؿڴ¶ؼʸԷһ̫׼ˣŮֵ֮
꣬ң


1639 漣޴
Ů־ֵȵƴȫٴμһʱȻʧȥ˽ʵԱЩɡ
걾ûԯȴʧȥѣǱٵ˻أһס޴ƣͬŮӻС
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Ǳġ꣬뱾ĽԻ㣡Ϊ˲Υ˵صĹڿԶԶһսֻܹսԲܼ֣Իһġ


1640 е
Сģƽ˵ֻһӣľٴˣһһݵĶϡ
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ԯֳ޵Ĺâ㺦ԼھȻԸԼԼ꣬ƱػԼ鷳
ʱԯ͵͵ĸ꣬ȻһݵĽȴԥһԼˣǸһָôأ
ԯԥʱľԳѾչжǶ֮ͬʱȡƣȻڵϣǸСǶ˵ıϣͻȻһɫĹ
ã
ԯд󾪣еĹҲʼǸС
ȥ
һȺ֧ɫļʸֱеԯҲһʱͻȻֶԷĽɫʸȻڿһΪһ֧һֻԼ
ԯļʸѾˣԯԣΪϡٵ顣
ಣ
ԯıܵĻӹԷļʸҹȥֻһңԯ֪ԷʵǿԼȻԷһ֮ɳȥ
ۣ
ԯһѪ𺳲ѣĿŶԷʸʱȻֱӹᴩ塣
ϲϴһ˫񡣡
ݸЦ
ϴļ˫СѾͷǶ֡
Ҳά˵
˵ǹάȴҲȫǣϾСӵļһ˶ˣȴ赭д顣
Ľ̲ûг̫ʱ䣬ڶԷŹ֮ʱĽѾˣֻ̽һԷ׻᲻Լ
Ľ츳ɵı˶Էķɼһ֮Ҳ˶ԷΪԼ֮¡
ף
С𾪵ĶԼķɼᴩؿڣȻȴһ˿һѪڼʸź徹Ȼ˲ָԭе״̬
ˣ
Сһ£˱㿪ʼ̧СѸٵȴСӵĹһֱ׼
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ЩˣԼէԴ˵زϤôԼһ׷ȥ
ԯҲ벻ͨԷôôˣʱѾڵ棬˼һ뿪˵ء
ӵĲּԴ˵Ҳһŵ˽⣬ٴϢ֪˴˵֮أ߱һĹ򣬶֮ʱʻܸߡ
ܣȴǲ֪δȥΪӾһ·գĲּ䣬ȴǶԼûжٰ
ɽ𣿲ֵ˺δأ
ɻء
ڴʱԯͻȻл־һΣ±ϴǷģһᱨġ
ͷŮӣЦЦ˵һӦöлأɲֹҶΡ
ԯֻĪԼʱΣǲܵ顣
˵ЦˣǸ¾ҶΣ
ԯЦЦֵл
Ļǣѵ㻹û쳣𣿡
΢΢һЦ
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ԯȻʵ
ӵ֣֮Ҫռɵ壬Ȼ־ܣǣɱ㷴֮ˡڣ𣿡
͵
ŶˣǸӱ߻赹ˡԭˣѹһö굤أ
ԯȻ򣬴ʱŶԷӢݣͻȻЩо˼
㲻ýˣ֪ԯųԯɴš
Ϥһа˵ԯ㶡
Ӧòв
ԯԺͻȻðͷȻɽֻŰҵľ롣
һɣģҶɱûȤ
Ȥ
ʱԯ߽ߣ΢΢ЦҲģҶɱԩ޳ҲûȤǵ͵ϮңһŹ˵ġ
ֻһ֣ɱ㣬㵲ס𣿡
ٺһЦ˻˵ԯһš
ˣΰĹҲΰսʿҳϵ츳⣬ʵϣҲǸսǿߣţҲȥ֤
ԯصһЦڱϣͻȻһɽȻɽֻһš
صĿأղžȻʵıˣҲȰɣ
ͻȻʵ
ıˣǾ㵹ùһˣҲ޶ȣԼ޷ȫξˣ
ԯҫǵĹʡ
뷨㣬ҲˣЩ㣬ϣʵ档
Ц˵
˵ɣֻҪ漰ܣԵ֪޲ԡ
ԯش
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ɽ磿ʲôطô֪أ
ԯɻʵ
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ԯеʵİ˳˸ָȤƺԼȫͬǴһǰġ
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ԯԹ
ðɣԻ򡣡
㱨һط
ʲôطҴδ˵˵˵û˵һ
ԯҡͷ˵
д˵صĵͼ𣿡
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аҲܸͼͼǷǳģܰװ׸㡣
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ҪĵͼҪʲôأ
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ҪʾϣǳϴӦˣҲſԽͼ㡣
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ǣǲܼģǶڱչʱŻһΣҪһˡ
ԯЦʮֽֱˣ˵ĸо
һꣿǸҵȲ𡣺ðɣ㲻ңҾȥ˰æ
˵仰һȻǰȥ
ߡ⴦طΣأһ߲ȥġ
ԯں𣬲ȴǲԷˡ
ûƬ̣ԼȻ·ˣԭϪǰϪˮͻȻʧˣԼһɽ֮С
ʲôط
а
ԭ֮һɭ֣ɴʱͻȻͳ˴ɽö룬Ҳ֪Լ˽֮УⲼýƵˣΪһԼ֮ϡ
ڽƣηģΪзķԼʲôơ
ɽ£ɽֻм˫۾ڰй۲Լֱ˿̽ĸоҲЩˡ
һôûͷĲӬҴأ֮أΣأ
ԯͣϪϣֱǰһ
ʱ˿̣ԯԥˣ֪ΪʲôԼе½ύİˣܵڴ˵أȻԯɲԼ
ԯľУͻȻһɴԼ
Σգ
ԯҪˣȴȻˣһɾԼǰ֮󣬸Լѵ˵ģǿѣֻ»Լˡ
ùΪ˸Σյľء
ԯյ
ǰâԯֻԼͻȻ˺ܶ࣬ȻһֱڿƮţȵԿΧĻʱͻȻԼһɽ
ǿĽƣѵ󷨲ɣ
ԯд󾪣иΪڡ
ڴʱһɹķͻȻɫʼɽӡ
ԯһҪܣȴûܶݳԶԼ徹Ȼһ͵Ĵ˻
ô£
ԯŹǣȴ֪
ɫѾƽԯס˺Ψ˶ɼԯȻû˿İȫС
ԯŷɽÿ֮󣬽ԻᱻΧһʹ
еĽƣǵù͸ˣǸһ
ԯٵĳ·һʸһǿҵıը·
ܣ
ԯɫޱȣԼļʸҲûܴ͸ΧĽƣƵķΧسԼƽ
һ
ԯֵţнһɽȻС
ԽԽŨĽԯΧȫ֣ޱ޼ʵĺڰ֮УԯҲͲסˣеɽʼҫҫ۵Ĺâ
ɲ֮ԯˣƾԼŬĹȴʼ޷͸ΧķʱƣԯΧĻռҲֻʣɷΧ
һԯһ˿֮忪ʼԼסԼƴȴʼѲ෴ԼԽΧԽ
һźԯеɽҲѾ޷Ӷ˫˫ŽԱס屻һԲ
ٺ٣
һЦԯֻģĿһӳԼһɴԼʼٵƶ
ڴͬʱҲɽµĹգʱ˿̣Χʮֹ죬ûС
˵ʵڵģڣͨƣ
ܿжϳΧĻʣһѾһʯΧ
һ󣬹ĺǴаԷֶڳˡ
£ֻ·˵أҪ׹¾ͻᵱΪС
Ųæȭ˵
ף϶˼
ǰһӲ³ù˵ʲôץɣ
д
ߣץɣδôף
߳˫һĹʣȻԿͷĺ


1641 Ϯ
ƾסңҲ̫˰ɣ
аЦϥǷϮ
ԭ͸ĺΪһԵʣĿ֮һ״塣
ʲô˼־𣿡
ǣֺǣǲǣ޷ɲ
˵ҲǣֻǽڵˣҲҺҴ룬Ѱ·
εջ֮ԶԶԤڰ
е޼ɵ
ǲʲôסԼǱǷ٣һСᣬһ״￪ʼԼƽ
ƾңѵ𣿡
Цɽһնǰ
еʲôôûʲôԣ
ǰڵˣôʹûʲôأˣһǸˣķĶûС
֮ùˡ
Ŷ˵ĶЦһ̽ҲǰԳԾ״ķ˹죬ԼĽȻ޷ƻ
ȻȴԶԶǽԼĻԽԽʱչֳһصЦ⣬˫ͻȻͬʱǰӳ
ŰɫĻֱӳ״ҲڴʱдһСӵĻǿ󣬾ȻҪڻɲ
ԭʮ㣬ΪԳûɶԷ״ǵʩչͻȻⷨȻӲĲ񻰣ԼĻҲ޷γЧ
ۿ״ԽԽֻܷһȻ֮С
ӵз죬̣ͻڵһʱܶԷķǿִ
үʲô˷׳Ժδ
ǳƷ
е󲻾ãȻݳ״֮⡣
ǵ۹ⲻѾ˵ֻ·ִ뱾ΪУɲ⽫ˡ
˵Ѿ˺֮ĵط
ж˶һֻۣ̽鵽ԷֻнڵΪ˭֪ʹɲҲ޷ץסңԷиķ
һ˶ԣΪһ£һ£ǿķƱػֲΪƣһǶҲСƽڵ
磬Ǹô죿ȥ𣿡
һʵ
ߣȻ룬зŹ֮ǣƺ޾ǵķǸ⡣
һ˻شԵЩ㡣
磬ҿһ²һ£ûҪǿĵˣ磬߰ɣһѾвջˡ
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еϣȴѾɽϵһźɫ͸ǺɫԼɼ˵Ӱӡ
һᣬбһˣ˺ܿͳһ
£Ȼ룬˱һ·˳ҵָķ뿪ɣ
ɽϴһ׹ͻȻγһѵ·ߡ
һ˼Ѿ׼뿪ΪԷĵʵԲԼ֮£˵£Լ֣ߣɲ뱩¶屾ܡ
һ£һ£һ뿪ɣ
аȻ˳ǵ߿ʼǰУߵǲƺͬһ㡣
ƺղǲѾն񣿡
Ǻǣûʲôֻץ˸ùѡ磬磬ţҪȥǸùˡ
Ǹٵ˵Ȼ˵
ߺ϶ɵ磬ԽԽʵˣÿζǡҲ£һΣһץ˸ƯŮӣô˺Ｑأ
ߣСӣȻ񻰣Ҳֳ֪뿪һʰһ
ϴЩŭ˵
Ĳһ٣ƯŮӺ󣬵һʱ뵽Ǹԯ
ԯʱҲ˷д֪Ҳ˴˵أȴ֪Ѿ׼뿪
ͬΪΪʲôЩץסңȴץס
ԯɻʵԼ֮ϡ
Ϊ˵أȴ֪飬һߣҽأ⵱һ顣̹ңһҪ׵κˣȴôѧᡣ
ԯЩˣֻ֪ԼѾһɽ֮УɽװεĻԼɴķ仹ҪõĺãԼһŴϡ
齣ԯԲİɴмÿһҶУֻǣȴʹô齣ȻԯҲ֪ڴʲôģϾԯѾʮˡ
Щһһôѵҵ˿ɱ
ԯһ뵽ԼҪµʣбЩ־塣
ûãһ˶Ѩ
ԯ˳ʱȴǱһ
ƯŮˣʵ̫ˡ
ӹЦһ˫һ۵۾еͷѾ쵽°⣬ˮҲͷ罦
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ԯЦɻԴĺʱ䣬Ӷγһ֧壬Щˣ󲿷ֶ߱ǵĲƴ
ǰӣǵͷǵʮƣȻȴΪƣֱߣȴһĺɫëһŵβ͡
С椣ʲô֣
ǰƲ˴ߣ͵ʵ
ԯȻһţһֱϵҲֵĺܽԼĶԵЩΣ״̬£˵ĿȴǶԯĸز
ſɣ
ԯѹֵĺǾڴʱ˲˸ƣԯļıȫʧߡ
С椣ԽˣжôġɽֵֻˣǼгҲǶλֳʱҪһˣϣ𣿡
˺ٺЦ
ԯд󼱣û뵽ԷȻԼ⣬һ˱˿ֲˣԼû롣
Ϊԯû˵ƺЩŭˣһԯ̸оһ޷ݵʹ״ĸˣļҪսԼƤ֮С
㲻ش⣬Ǻصġ
ʹһָԯ°̧ȻƶͷҲԽӽԯ
Ҫ
ԯܵļе
ʲô֣ٲش𣬺Ը
ʵ
ԯѾŵЩɢˣͻȻųһ仰ɱҰɣɱң
ɱ㣬ǲ̫ˣģζˣͻὫ͸λֳҲȵ˶ζˣŻ
˻˵ͻȻͷԯֱһڣԯҪ˹ȥּŭȴ޿ܵİ취
Ҫٸҷһɱ㣬һɱ㣡
ԯҪˣȻЩɳơ
ɱңΪ𣿡
˺ٺһЦ˫ͻȻץס͵һתԯ泯ϣ˫ȴǸ߸ߵһԯҲ˶ԷĲ⡣
һڵģֻҪ۸ңһƴ
ԯ͵Լ˫ʱᡣ
͵ûĸףԲˣ޷Тˣ
ԯһһٵ˵һı顣
ƺľ˾ȻһЦȻѹ˵ˣûҵ޷Ѱ֪ΪʲôɿΪӡΪ˷ֹԱұֻһֱ㲻ˡģ۸㣬Ҳ⿪ģԷҲԿȴûκܵĻᡣ
ԯԺ󣬵аһԣȴԼ޷ѰҲ֪ΪʲôԼ޷֮Ա
ĻᶼûʱԯѾˣû뵽Լĵһλ˳ªˣڱ¡
޷⣬һǽ顣ֻҪһܻȥһҪ𡣡
ԯҧ죬Ѿ¶ģԼһº󱨳ġ
аɣϲСԹԣʲôأٲңҾҵĶλֳһǰ˵أ
˺ٺЦƺõĿˡ
ԯίֹڴʱͻȻԹһˣǸɱԼ˱һͷһղܡ
ûҾԲҴδ֪ĵ򡣡
ԯзͷ
СԹԣĵĺܴ󰡣
һѽԯ뻳УȻǿȵ̧ͷʱԯ㿴һſɲԺȴǳ
ҲҲоʹʱֻʹˡ
ԯ۾סԼһԯܵʹļˡ
˿סˣû뵽еŮ˾ȻԼˣǵ糺һƬʱ˵͵һŮȻΪԼˣƺֻ漣ݡ
Ǻ˳ԵĶԯԸŹϵκα飬ʱ˵Ѹٵš
ȴ˵뵽ԯ󣬲û̫⣬Ȼ˴ɽصϪʱ㳯ŷǰС
еĶһֱȵ󷨣ŻٵĳɽһɽǰһᣬѾǸɽС
ĵ̫ˣȻҳԶʳ
϶һȡ
濴ʮֲãȴչ鲻ҵǰĶλֳæЦλֳϢŭ׼λֳһǰС椡
ߣƭ˭
ϴһۿԯƺʲôԯɴԯŮӿǴ˵еŮŹ֣㾹ȻץסļƷ
һ㶣¶ϲ֮ɫٿԯʱȴǸΪ˷ˡ
ԯ۾һԼʱŵĻɢһѾֲˣһ±ԼõǺá
СӹȰͷһߵȥ
ϴ˷ܵĺʮֲԸķԯаԺڶ̫ˣȻԼͽԯռˡ

ԯҺһʹı˫ۡ


1642 ޶
ҪԯǰսĵطʱͻȻӦںԼвɰԾȣʹԤ֮ʱ̱㿴ԯַ

ѰһȴҲ֪ԯںδԺеĸӦԽԽǿңͻȻĿƺԼղŷصķ
ಣ
ٵĳԭ·أǰ󷨺Ѿ²⵽ԯ
СѾͷôһ·ԼԼ˵زأҲȥҪޱȱҵˣ
пЦ֪ԼԤЩǰģҲԯûܵ˵ַϾԼ뿪˵زŲʱ
ಣ
Լݷ촳֮УȻŴɽ쵰Ӽݣǵүүˡ
һŭڴɽ֮ţϴŭĪԼץסԯ֣ȴе֣βջ
ĸһƣȥɱ
ϴŭЩԯһۣȻӭսˣ϶ססɱͷĲ㡣
磬ȥɣһṼεġ
϶æͷӦ
һĲԸлصԼǸжã
ǵүүˣӭ𣿡
ȭɽϣɽҲ
ĸСҰ
һѾɽ֮ϡ
ҪҵĻɽµĳСӣôˣ
ϴиŭԼѾŹȴѰ·ˡ
ಣ
ֱӳɽУò˶ãѾɽ֮ϡ
ȥɱ
ϴ
ǣ
ӦͻȻһȻһҹȥ
ಣ
˲ʧʱ˿̣ѾµԯɽĳطҲµ˻һڿԯ
ʱȣɲ˲Ӷʧȥ˽ԯʱ䡣
һҹȥͻȻʧȥ˶ԷӰвɴ󾪡
ô֪ǵĳѨ
ϴĺȵ
磬õģǵĳѨⲼ˶ؽƣǲֱӴġ
ӿڵ
ϴͷȻһЦ˫΢΢ɱޱߡ
ԷɽһΣԲܷŹ
ϴ
˿ʼɽһ·ǶѨǰУʱ˿̣һеĽǰͬһ㡣
϶ԿԯǶһߣ϶Щ̲סˣ㳯ԯƽ
ԯѾµǰԼʱ˿ı۸ǱƴкţҪע⡣
Ͳܰһϴͬʱ˭붼ᱻɱɱ˴˵֮أгɺϵĸǰ
϶ЦȻ͵˴齡
Ҫ
ֻë׵ĴϮԼβʱԯһ߷ֱļ
ಣ
ͻȻɽ֮УǸ˵ͷдȻ֮ɫ׶λֵôûܵס˵֡
ſ
ȵ
ԯֳϣĹâû뵽Լˡ
ԯԷ֪Լڴ˵أҲδػԼΪʵǿˡ
ҪҷţҾͷţ㵱ɵϣٸҹһұɱ
˵Цֻһб֪ڵΪ
ɱһֽѡˣɱɣ
̤ǰŶԷɱԯ
˵ûȻɱΪֵܻûζأ
˽ԯ˴ϣݺݵĶ
֣һս
˵꣬Ѿȥ
Ҫߣ
ŭĳǰ˳׷ȥ
ԯЦһ治֪Լ˻ǲˣˣԼһûκεϣ
ôͲңһ˶أ
ԯЩ⡣
Ƭ̣ͻȻһɽԯֽ
ң¡
γԯǰ
ԯסˣһ仰Ҳ˵
ɵѾͷܿˣһȥġ
ƽ˵Ҫ⿪ԯʱȴⲻ֪ʲôʵ˿̫ˣȻⲻ
ӰɣɺڵǷǳǿģͨҪǿĶ࣬ƵķҲΪ㲻ǵĶ֣ӣˣ
ԯ˵һĽΨֶԷΪ˾Լɱ
ЦһԼı죬Ҫԯȫ׾ٵ飬ֻɵѾͷȻҪԼȥԼûоȴˡ
ԯ볯ǰУȴһɴ˿ϴȻ֯ԼǰС
ֻϧһʱ֮޷ƳⷨҶնɱޡ
аͻȻһԷ콫ԯͬϵķһ롣
ԯɻУѾץסϵ˿ȻҪԯ֮Уԯ𾪵ķԼҫââĽԼȫС
һ֮£ֻһ޷ܵʶӿԼ֮ʱȴַǹʶǿֻһݵ˲䣬һ󣬷ʶǿҲļ
ԭĿԡ
ţֻһǿҵķǷзͻǿʶֱӶǿҵķɣɫ˲԰Ҳʼġ
ԯд󾪣еҪʲôſң
ڴͬʱǸҲɫ䣬ɫ˲࣬˫и¶ŭ뾪֮ɫ
ǸһڹҵķɶôоĹǿأ
ܿһѪӶֱˣû뵽ԼķԼϵڼ
ĴҲùڽҲоһǿҵѪƾǿ־ҧԯͬ˿һ˷֮С

ԯΧĻͻȻ仯ˣвɴ󾪣ΪܵЩ˵Ϯ
ಣ
ԯǰԯƽʱȴһסͣҵĿ
û°ɣ
ԯеʵ
һΣƴ˵û£Ϊ˾㣬ҿˣôأ
ſ֣ⲻԯ
ԯһû뵽ԼǳȻ뻢ѨǰƺҲԼ⡣
㣬ô
ԯʧ
ôٺ٣һ˾ɫŮӣһôأƣĻĺܲأ
ٺЦ޼ɵĴԯġ
ԯһͻȻĶǰӵһӢݣаЦҲԵڲͬ
ͻȻԯ˵峺ƺʲô鲻ԽЦˡ
ʹǾ㣡ȵģ۸ܱȱЩĵ۸ҪõĶ࣬ңĳҲϲ
ԯҲ˵Ȼһۡ
һ£ֵЩˣԼԭԷЦᱻųʲôӣ˭֪ȴֻǽһܿ
ȷҾ۸ˡ
װ׶ģſ˫֣㵸ĳԯƽ
˭֪ԯȻ۾ûϣ۾һЦ⡣
ȷ
ԯЦŻش
ҲȷˣЦΪֹģҲޡ
Բ˵Ľ͵
ԯЦĸˣͿ˶Ӳа֮ʱȻ˲ǿЦ
ţҲ޶أ
ԯҲ뿪Цȴǽ仰ѿڶ
ҲǿЦ㣡
ԯĽ͵
ֱˣ룬ԷҲ˵ЩԼĳЩȷʵЩޡ
Թڰ
ջЦȻԯ˿
ڽԯ֮к֪ⷨһԪˣֻⷨȴδȫɥʧԣԯʱ޷
ָʼһ˿סȻĬĬʹܿ죬ָ֮ȻлԾ
ʵϣ⿴赭дķʵ˲ֶΣ˫ָ֮Ѿʹ˻潣ڻ潣ڲϵУѡķʽ
֪ҪƳⷨƾԼһԹ޷ն˿ԲԷϵĹ˿һ㡣
ԼĪƬ̺һָ˿Ȼѡ
ԯĿɿڴҲŪɺڵ˵ķ
İɣֻҪʱұԽ
ͷ˵
Ŷлȣ
ԯмĵͷ
֮˿ѾƿһԯŴ˿˳
һס˿ʼչ˷ɣܿ㽫˿еһա
أ
ԯʵ
ҵķ֮УǻɽУɽ
ʵش
ԯ޵ķŭûȴֵ޷ֵԷԷ
ǿӳȥ𣿡
ԯʵ
Ȼԣڲ뱨𣿡
ʵ
룬ҾԲ˵ĳ嶯Ҳʮ꣬Ҫ𣬻ǡֻҪϼ꣬ɱ׾٣Һαشʱðȴ޷쵽أ
ԯ˵ȴһҲûһ˵ĳ嶯
ʮꣿ
ڷֱԼˣʵԼҲ޼
ʵھݣǾݵֻ¶ʱ˶ԷҲЩ
ʮڣ㲻ợҵİɣ
͸ɡ
ԯŵһЦûƺΪԯɴһ˵Ȼû츳ҿ츳ô㼵ˣ
һ˶أ
ʵ
꣡
ԯĻشֱ𾪵ĿɿڴԷֻѾﵽ˽ڵΪ⼸һ񼣡
һҪòܴﵽڵΪ


1643 ŵ֤
ҧʵ
ֻҪ꣬츳ѵһҪʮ꣬һҪ꣬ǷѵҲҪǧҲδؿԴﵽڵΪ
ԯʵش
ꣿ
Խˣ˵صɵԼԱȵķҲ̫ˡ
С˵Ҳнˣ㲻ʮ꣬ӦóƺΪүүɣ
Ц˵
Ҫ˵һʵΪĪ˵һ꣬һ꣬ΪңҲҪ̣
ԯЦ
̫ˣ
Ц
츳Ҳ㲻ˣЩһҪǿ࣬ӦҲеƫϰɣΪڣȴԶԸɺڵˣı׼㣬츳Ҳϵˡ
ԯ΢Ц˵пɲϣȫĶԷûġ
лοˣ뿪˵ذɣ
˵˷졣
һɽĽƼͬ裬ֻһ˲䣬ֲõ
ԯǵǵ𣿡
ʵ
ҲҪ֪ǵ֣Ѿ֪ǵϢ۹ȥ꣬Ҷϳǵġģ֮ڣ˱ɡ
ԯն˵
̬
аǸԼ꣬Ҳ֪ΪﵽʲôزҲҲ̫ĽԷĿȴǿԷٵĽ
ط֮ƺҲôǿǻϼôҲ˵ǰŨ
аţطԼչȡҲʮޣҲζԼͨϵ֮ܿٵĽ
˱Ϊ沼õ޵һ¶ˣ˭֪Ƕ˲֪ʲôַȻֱӳ˾Ĳõ˼ֱţȥ׷ϣȴַٶȾȻϡ
ȫ߶ٶǲڽɺڵˣú˦׷ߣʱŽԯݳ֮⡣
ˣȥȥĵطһ£ȸˡ
˵תߡ
ԯסˣ뵽˵߾ߣ
ζԭأͷҲصʵʲô˵ɣ
һߣ⴦طΣյģزģҵΣա
ԯ˵
ˣعͷԯһۣȴһȻ֮ɫڿЦ
Żңֻɺڵˣֺξ֮С
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ǿδأд˴˵صһЩأиǿĸֳ֣ʱҲˡӦһͬУһļʡ
ԯ֣˵
ƺѱ뱣ңˣղ˭˵Ļ
Ц˵ԯĻΪ⡣
ߣ̫Сˣ£һġ
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۸ˣ˵Ҿ˵ˣΪԱѶȣαؿڳأʵ˵û㣬ֻǻٲ鷳ѣ˶ѡ㻹ǿ߰ɣ
ʮƽ˵
Ҳ
ԯһţСԲĹĵģϸɢһǿơ
ȻΪ⣬֮ȴЩˣԷƾȻǸû꣬ܿ㳬˽ڵơ
СѾͷ츳֮ã˵ͽ
Ŀɿڴ
ԯȴʮգǴڽ֮УеŭҲƽϢ
ʱԯΪǵ˽ɺڣʶΪͬʱģһ㿴ҲɰԷ츳̬
㻹С𣿡
ԯڽҲ֮ǰͬˡ
Է츳ȴֻǽɺڵΪԼʲôþµġ

赭д˵
Ϊǣñɵʵҽҵս𣿡
ԯ
Ȫ֮ս
ŵʵ
ԯΪ֮һ㶣ͬһ񾭲æڵɲҪϹ˵Ȫ֮ս֮սûУҪһȪ֮սˣҿɲɱ㡣
㲻ҵĶ֡
ԯһһٵ˵
ǰҲǣڣһԴ㡣ҵսʷϣδΪҵĶ֣ҲԲ⡣
ԯͬŵ˵
Σ
ЦȻԽսûʲôȤ
һһڶԷû취£޾ɺڵˣΪ츳ԣӽɺ˵Ĺ
ҽս𣿡
ԯ׷ʵ
ûȤ
˵꣬һѾǰȥ
ߣԴļһ
ԯ׷ϡ
Ľٶڵļޣԯȴɵ׷
ԯڵ£ٶҲΪٶҪ
˷֮УȻʼٷУΪԼǰһа˵ġ


1644 е
ǣƬ֮ȴԯԼǰ˽⵽ԯ츳ԶԶһˣٶʵ̫ˣҪԼݷ˲ơ
׼֮ʱͻȻоǰһвɿЦԷȻԼק֮С
һҲҪƶԷˣʱ˿̣Щ΢ˣǰŮƺΪﵽ˽ɺڱʤԼ뷨ƺ̫ˡ
Ӯңһȥһ뿪
ԯ
Ű
תɵԯ
ߣһܵġ
ԯޱȣһץѾС
Ҳ̫СƣҲΪǰУСΪٴǣ֣ԣҲͦǿġ
һ˶սˣж˴ﵽ˽ɺڣһǽڣĳ϶ԣԯǳսҲû䡣
ûü˵ԯѾŹ׼ֱָŵĸоʮֲˬ
·һεѹԼָоǳãʱ˿̣ŷԯĹȻ鴫
ԷĹָţܵĸоεѹ޷ܵоʮֹ죬ľ衣
֪һжôǿأмɱɺ˵ֶοʱĹӦÿ˺޽ɳڵˡ
һ˼бµԯĹ
УҿһӶûС
а
ƶŲʱԯĹҲתоԼͬһһ㣬вɸоЩ졣
ԸԶ֣ƺӦýиõЧ
뵽͵ʹ˲䳯ԯٱƽ
һԯҲ΢΢ŴͣȴǺȵҪСˣҵĵһܿҪˡ
ȻսǾ飬ҽҪܵķڷ
ƽ˵
ãԯеļʸͻȻǰȥ
ʩչܣŶԷ޷Լ

ͻȻоһͣʹҲܵ˶ԷӰ졣
ಣ
ɼٶȿĲ˼飬ֻһɴϮԼ۴ԷķɼȻڴʱԼ
¡
֧ɼֱۺ󣬾ȻһײɼȻ˻ȥ
ҲʮɣΪԷļʸϴʵ̫ԶԶԼĹơ
ǿļʸҵķûǿֻ÷ֵˣѹųŹֵģֱ׼ֺݡ
ɣȻֻˣҲʮԷʵ
ԯҲסˣ⻹ǵһηֱӵֵԼķɼȻ徹ȻԼķɼȫǲ˼顣
ڵˣ÷Ӳҵķɼһҵķɼˣɲǽڵ˿ġ
ԯбҪ𾪣ʱ˿̣Ȼ
Ҳ˰һԣ
΢΢һЦɲռչͻȻϮ
𾪵ǸղȻûаѶԷļʸʮֵĲ
ãķڷ
ԯٴŹǼָʱָܵǹεѹôҲ벻ô£ѵԷѾԼλã
ǣԼλһֱڱ仯УôԤĹ켣أ
ڱԷɼָźоԼٶҪҪ˲٣ԯһȣ㣬ֻһӰ͵ĳԼ
߾ȫˣȴûжֻɼϮɼͬ۾һ㣬ٶȸǿףԼʩչҲ޷ܿ
̬Ĺ֣
֮ץĺ
Ҳܱ̬
ԯҲ˵ôԼķɼȻ޷ƶԷһȻǱԷֱֱӵ
ֻһѪֱ֮ʹޱȣ˫ֱʱдطԵЩףԷϮλþȻ塣
ȵҪ׼Ȼͬһط̬׼ֲ̫ˡ
ɿЦһбΪԷ츳ԶԶԼ˭֪ȴڴʱչǿޱȵʵ
ֻнڵΪƺҲһսʵʱΪҪ߹һƱزϵչ
аʱѾʼԯ
ôǿ󣿡
ԯʵ
ǿôֵ̬ܵĹأ
ʵҲ֪ԷԵĻûӳǿʵ
䣬ҵʵ֮ϣҾͲüˣô
ԯЦ˵
ôǽɺڵˣȻҵĶ֣Ҫ䣬Ǿõ汾³ɣ
˵
ʹȫһˣǳ֮ˣ
ԯҡͷ˵
ƾһʵܴңܡʩչɣܴңұӦͬС
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ԯԣһЦеĹͻȻҫɫĹâһ˲䣬ֻйɸǿԼ
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һɴ಻ˣֱڿУƾԷĹ׼Լ
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аֻԯеĹΪǿ󣬶ΣϢĸӦҲòı䡣
Ѫ
ͻȻŴȻ˫ڿдһֵķ
ӳ
öǿ츳еΣոв΢һЩ
һʤ
ԯͻȻ˵ȻˣֻǣĹȴǾҵĲǶʸڹ֮ϡ
֧ɼ˲俪ʼںϣ֮ѾΪһ֧ʸԯȫѾ֧ʸϣ΢΢һֻ۾ʱҲѾ£·ǹΪһ塣
ٴθܵʮΣյϢвɴ󾪣û뵽Էʵӵºָо˵Ŀֲ
㲻䣬һܻܿˣᵼҪˡ
ԯ˵ѾԤ⣬ǰնԷķһӦòᵼΪԤУԯ׼ǿĹ
ɣ
ͻȻһеսѾ壬ĵĿ־ҲΪһߣʱ˿̣ѾƸۣ԰ٷְٵרעԯķɼв
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ܵǷɼϮ󣬾ȻƳǿķɼֱӹᴩ壬Ϊ𾪵ĵط
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յı֧ɼױˣ֮һĻ壬ڴʱ˿̣Ѿˣֻĺɫ
Ҫ
ԯͻȻʧһεĹȻʧȥ˿ƣԭֻһǿĹᴩȻһαը˭֪ɼȻʧȥ˿ƣҲ˵ԯԤϡ
ԯһηǿ󹥻ԭͺǿĹȻ˱죬עһ㣬һе޽ˡ
ԯ뷨ֻ߾ȫѣȻ屻ըѵӰٺԯȴޱȵܡ
ҪҲǹģ
ԯʹĶ壬Ƕ¹˫ס۾Ȫӿкڵ˼ޡ
ԯ֪ԼǿһУѪ֮ôֵǿĹأ
ͨ
ԯڵأкԼȻɱˣô
֮󣬻ԯΧѾʮˣЩ˲ͬһӪȴͬԯղŵĹˣû˸ҿԯǧɷΧڡ
أҴ˰
ԯ޵ЩΧһĪ
ڿֲķɼУԯõĽҲͬ裬ܵɵԯɫ԰ףʹס˫ۣһֱԭس
ȴ˵ʷΪֲһι嵱汻ըˣ֮Ҳˣˣݵʧȥȫʶ
ͻȻڿУⷨ¶ڿţƺȻڵȴʲô
ãԯ̧ͷ˫ѾһƬͨ죬Թ飬Ƿ컹ڿк󣬲ɴ飬۵һʹ
ǲѾˣ㲻ҪĲǹġ
ԯ뽫ǷȡأȴǷ쾹ȻԼٶȶ˵棬Ȼʧ
ҪˡҪڣ
ԯĺҲ޷֮ͣأһƣȻĳ˳ȥ
ԯ·ߣ˷׷ܣΨ֮꣬ԯߺҲû˸ҴµĽơ
ֻԼ˯ˣʶģһʱͻȻֳЩ黭棬ڴʱ翴һ̻Ի͵Ĺǹ֮УǿŮǹϵӣȴԼʮƣģԼһģ̻ġ
ô
ǸϵͻȻѯʵ
Ҳ֪ҺѾ˰ɣҲҵĻҵ
ڻشһжڤڤ֮еһ㡣
ôģ
ϵͻȻЦʵ
ǱԯɴһŮԹɱġ


1645 Ĭĸ
ֻиԶشԼû˵ǸͷѾԷС
Ϊʲôأ
ϵЦʵ
ΪΪ̫ԴˣΪԷĽΪ̫СˣΪԲвҵ˭֪Ȼһɱˡ
ЦĻشʱΧͻȻһЦϵǸҲЦ
ЦʲôЦ𣿡
ͻȻоޱȵķŭ벻ʣԼôˣЩΪʲôҪԳЦأ
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Ǹ˵ͻȻԼڴԽڶ֪˶ôʱ䣬ŷԼ֮ѾЩȱ
ֻ֮䣬֮ѾѸٵĻϳһǱըѵ壬ҲнĻָˣһȴһ¡
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ǵù͸ˣαȥһ̬ĹأһΣǳ˴಻ۣ
аԼԺһСκˣŮˡ
ΧĽƺڣһƺոչȥܶݵʱ䣬ȻȴΧĻԵı仯ԭЩСѾĸߴ֤࣬ʱı仯
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һѾӵݳȻ˷֮С
ƽƺԯŭû뵽Ȼ˵ҴԼõĽơ
һ·СķУȴһҲûټĵطȻûκεңڴ˵ص֮Ҳ㣬Ʋѡ
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ƬһڣҲûҵ˵صıԵ򣬷·Ƭޱ޼һ㡣
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֪˭ǰ̿ʼ˷飬ܿС鳯׷ɱ
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ãȻǲʣǾݹֱɲ塣ɾѡһ顣
ָһ顣
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̫ˡСӣɣλȫϣʻ챨
һ˱˵߳ȥС׷׿ʼɢС㹻սռ䡣

˵Щ˽Լ˾ʧĸʵϣǲǸ򣬵ǷԼһͷ׺ݵͻǱڵġ
һһһ
ɺٺЦƺһҲûʵ
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Ҳûԥͬʱͷ˾ʮ㡣
ɱ֪ĸһƶĹأֻ˲սΧаˣֺξ֮УһˣΣ
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˵һʮ㡣
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Χ˽˷ܵĹսûΪʤ㣬ΪһҲǹ֣Ϊǽɳڶ
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¶һĨЦ⣬Ȼܣֻһ֣һŻѾ˵֣ԻϮһ˵ܣǣǻȴӰΡ

˲ҽţеķͬԱմϣۿɼٶڡ

д󾪣ĳȥȻȴֻһȻܿɵĽ
Ǹ֮˻ûüҽȴһӶߴţǰһڣ֮Ȼһİĵط
˵սŸոտʼǶɳڵ˱ѾսŵɼٺˣȴڿУϵıʮֹŹ֡
ֹЩҲ׷׵ɴ۾һ𾪵Ϊֳǿʵ𾪲ѡ
ٶջ˶֮壬㿪ʼ֮ȴ£ֻƽĶһˡ
㵽ʲôˣôɱͬˣ
𾪵ʵֻͷƤЩ飬Էʵ̫ǿˣԼڵΪҲĶ֡
ʲôˣⲻҪҪһɱ㡣
ŵһЦŵɱܵĺˡ
ɱ
֪˭һͬʱȻǵԸɱ
Խأһ˶żһԷ
ɱ㣡
ŭһǰһöذĳȥ
Լ߱ȼƣ߱ϵƣƾԷѪ֮ԼĶ֡
ذ׳ȥ֮Ȼûܣƾذն崦
ﬣ
ֻ΢΢ذǴϵء
һ˲䣬ͻȻһ֣־Ȼ֮ԶֱӽذץС
ô
ɾе
һЦҫһŰɫ棬ذϵʶ˲䱻ɣɲɲҽһɫ˲ࡣ
ֱˣ
ֻԼʶȻٵĵˣΪҲڿٵ½ʱ˿̣ɵ־ˣǼսȥԼƺֻ·һ
Ҳˣˣ
˵Ľذ׵꣬Ȼ˿УǱʧȥذصĵУһŵɵ͵һ
ˣѾս⣬ʮֺԼΪʲôҪӦԷսֱѰ·Ϊ


1646 С׼
ҲżڲٵĽţΪļԣϧ۵Ƕ˵֮壬ܿ죬һ֮Ѿϡ
һ˵֮оԼΪָֻ˲٣ﵽ˽ɳڵٽ㣬вɰԾϲֻҪڶ֮ɣؾҪָǰΪˡ
ɣɱҪɴ
˺ȵ
ǣ̫ˣսҲƣˣ࣬һ׷׶ɵĵӲ
ɲ㱻ŵӣѰ˼һ󣬷Լֻʣһ·ߣֻмԷսȥսҲԼ
ѾܣܸܣɵĴӾһһУƺҵЩ
һˣһսʿսҲҵ
ɴ˵Ȼסɽ۾
Сһ
˵ӶԷ޾Ŀ־壬û˴ڣǰһԻҪģʵ
ɱ
ȴǲҽԶʹý
һԷɽֵȴǱȶԷ̫ࡣ
˫ȻŲСĲ࣬һ֮ǱԷ˵˰֮⡣

ƺû뵽ԼܽԷôԶĴȻĺУһһĹ
ûʹʵʵֻǷŶԷĽҪľ֮УҲɿ˼ʤϣ
Ƭ֮һâԭΪڻָˣֻ˲һʱΪָ˽ڣҲ¶һĨصЦ⡣
ƺԽսԽ£׼ȻΣռȴһ֪
ͻȻʧڿУɾȻ޷̽鵽ڣŵ̳Զˡ
ɪˣ
ɵĶɵһתնܣȴ΢ЦĳΧĽ֮УɾķԼĽȻ޷Է˰벽

ɴ󾪣оǿ־塣
ķɽѾնɣͬʱһŰɫҲзĶԷ˰ɫϮ
ɷķȴķԼʧȥϵŵɼɢ
Уɲûߣǰɫ򲻶ϵĳΧȥڣ֪Լӿˣصޡ
ܺ󣬷ԼĶûиǱֲĻΧסˣѾЩ֪ˡ
ȡ˹õֶΣɶԷķһᣬѾڿпѪΪǿ˲ֹһ硣
ɺƴˡ
ɱĺ׼ĴشԷ
ֻǣ뷨õģȴЩʵʣ׼ԪԱͬʱͻȻһӰԼǰһʹд
һŽɫѾУֻһ˲飬ֱʱɲ֪ԼѾܶԷɱ
ȵҪ֮ԱʱȴѾʧȥ˻ᣬûиҽеĻᣬһڽ̵֮Ȼ޾Ļȴɡ
ΧĽȻȻţһ΢ЦĳǰЩǿĵˣһ㶵Ķ
ǻԸܱɵս𣿡
ܣ΢΢Ц
һ㿴ңҿ㣬ȴû˵
˾˳
˴ͷ˵Ҳͬʱȭ˵
ܿ죬ڳѾһϵ˳
˳ˣ˵֮⣬򣬱ɽǻս
˵Щ̷ٵĺˡ
ܿ죬ǰ˱ֻʣʮˣЩ˼һŭɫһҲԸȥ
ηСӣ˲ҰɴԸս
һģҧгݵ˵
ԯɴĶҲԸս
ж˿˵ȴһ˫̥ŮӣļһһϽԱŹɱ졣
ԯɴ壡
ǸŹ֣вɰԾ衣
ΧʮС飬鿪սӣȴĬɰԹ۲˵ı飬Ӧ
ڽڵΪͬˣûκ⡣ǣЩµУÿٸһɺڵ˰ɣɺڵˣҶԸЩˣĽɺڵˣֻҪСˡ
룬һ֮ǰǸŹ֣ԼδӮĹ֣ԼֻֻᱻΪˣǿ顣
ز䣿
Ц³ĸ֡
˷׷׵ͷҲĲ٣Ȼ򲻱䣬ȨԼϡ
˼ǣ˾˳
һһֱĬС飬ͻȻ˳
ɺڵӣȻҪ˳
ԯɴһ𾪵˵
ôˣ
ʵ
һۣǶŮһУ˵ı϶ûйĴڣһʲʱȴֱ˳ˡ
Ҳ˳
ΨһĶһ˵ӣҲǸɺڵˣһӵܵĹ֣ʱΪڶ˳
˳Ȼûܲ˵ĺøУȴǷǳ˳֮ˣȻǱı硣
ƽĵȴţֻʣ黹ԭأ鼸ȫǽɺɵģÿ鶼йֵĴڣֻһǶˡ
СǰЩƺţһսȻĶеѹҲ˲
ǰ׼߿ʼսŷϿɳչ˵սԣʱԼûˣѡһ顣
֪ԼӮһС飬ҲС鶼˳սЩԾ񵽵׸ѡĸС顣
ðɣѡһС飬ҾͲжôǿ󣡡
аȻһС顣
ѡȻѡԯɴϣѵû˵ԯɴĹʵԶԶͬǿ𣿡
һӹЦжŮˣŮɫͨǵȴŰ֮ɫ
ϻ˵
ϵЦ˵
ԯ
ԯȻ
ԯ
ȺȻ˵ȴȻʵԯʲôϵ
ʶǱɵá
ԯȻ˵
ԣҲЩ𾪣ʵһĸͬ
ǵģ
ԯͷ˵
Ƕԯʲôϵ
ʵ
ҵԯֻ֮ͬˣݹϵ
Ůͬʱش
Ĺϵأ
ɻʵ
Ǳɵİ¡
ԯشһԼõʲôϵΪʲôʳô⡣
սԯɴ֣ǿˣ˭֪Ȼѡԯйϵˡ
ԯŮĵزɱĸɩɩҪҵ鷳
ţǱЦҾսˣΪҲɱǣסǿԯϣһȥ
ˣ˵ͷ㵱ɵӲɣȻѾս;Բܷ
ԯŭ˵
ǣΪʲôԭҲԷ
ԯȻҲ˵
Ƕ׳գ͸ԯ㲻ȰȰ׳Ů𣿡
˻һԯŭ˼ͬʱԹָڽ
õʲôϵ˵򣬱ɱҪ
ԯŭʵ
ѡˣ
δشָֻ˵
ԯ㻹ǲҪˣѡ˭ȨѡǣҲԲΥǿ󣡡
ѡеһ˵˵
ҲǷ֮׷׿ڣԯвˬȴס˵һߣе뿴ʲô£ȻսɺڵĹ֡
ѾãԶԶţѾ⣬һξԲöԷռս
ͻȻͬʱȡһ壬һ׷У֮ǰ˾ȻʧڿУаû뵽־ȻԼǰˡ
ãҿûз䣬ѵұҪĹս
аƣԼû뵽˻һ֡
ѵûз䣿
һʣȻ¶һЦ⣬ԼҪСһˡ
ԼĪӣȻûм䣬һЩСһƬȻԯҲЩˣǶԷıѡԼһɴ
û䣬ȻԽս֣һ̫ɵˡ
ǰȫһߵսɶһöˣ㱾ɽҲס䰡
ȰɣսҲܿҪˡ
۷׷ףһ
ʱҲЩƣһһֻʹ÷Ҳ̫ˣҲģĸо˵λá
⼸ıܣΪ˵ķɼ׼ԼʱԼԸܵϢ
Ѫ
ֱʹѪȻʹӳһʵѾʮֵĽӽɺڣңԣʱķԶԸɺڵ˵ġ
񺯣ȹʵ
һ˵ڽ𣬽ƿ֮һɼֱؿ
һ˲жϳ֧ɼԼûжвǱûܡ
䣡
֧ɼֱؿڣĵĺ֧ɼ򱻵˻ȥŮҲ̲ס֮
ɼٶȣ͸ԣԲԯķɼ֮Ŀɲһ𡣡
ажϵԼҲƾԿ֡
֮ǰǹ֣ԯı׼˭֪ŮչֵԼûʲôӰ졣
ȻֱӷҪôǿķ
𾪵˵


1647 ɺ
Ƹ磬СøղѾʹ˰˳ʵ˭֪ȴֱӵסˣֱһﰡڵԷҲֻ
Ůӻش
ԣ֪ԯ츳жôǿ츳ԶԶǿͬĹһβֹԣԼһβŻᱻһôҡ
ʮԣ

ǣƸ磡
ŮӻشǴವƿһΣֻǵɼֱϮԼ۾֮
ȸղŵһҲǿȥ
аһֻ˺岽ȻɵĵסŮӵķɼ
ƣ

һȻ󾲾ĵŶԷĹ
ƿִ֮˵ĹŮҪǿ˲٣ȻԼԼʮҡ
ԯĹֱС׼ˣǿȵĹ£ֻǸо΢ЩʹȴûʲôˣǼʸûᴩԼƤϵķ
ԭͬĹ֣ȴһϣһ£ԯ츳治һǿ
аֵַ£ƾԼȻɵĵֵ֮е죬Ҳδػǿȥ
£һﾹȻǿķɲţ޷κ
̾ȻеĹ׼
ಣ
ͻȻڿвϵ˲ƣǶҲͬʱһ㶡
Թһδ᷸ͬĴ󣬵ǵ׼ʱܵĸоΣյϢˣʹ
ȥ
֮еڷǿһ⼸Σȴƫ壬Ĵߴ
¡
ɼһԵĿյϣͻȻһҵıըҲԭһҲԷԯƵıըԼʸ׼ͷԯȣȴǲĲһ㡣
ԯĹ£չҲ޷ܣһȴ޷Լ
аЦȻڿƶ˼ͬʱŭˣڿʼֹ
ʱûгȥ̽Է˵ûбԼ޷ԼԼѾڲ֮ˡ
ƿ֮ڶ˵ɼǵҲ˺ܶ࣬ĿռҲ˺ܶࡣ
ֻǣѧʱΪֻнڣȴǿ˵ĹΧƣһܲ͸ֹȴ½Ƕû
ͣ
֮еͻȻӶҪɳۿô£Ȼ޷Էı塣
ҲһƬȻܿʶ˶ԣһѡ
Ϊ֣ǿĹ޷˶Է׼ȷϴﲻҪôΪѾʧȥԭеǿ塣
ô죿޷ƽŵ˵ȻЩ֪롣
ĪҪţӦ֮ߡ
еȵ
Ƹ磬ˣǣ޷Ҳûа취
һ˿˵
ԣڰǻռݾԵƣ
е˷ܵ˵
΢ЦĸֶɴɽҲǰֶԼѾʧȥвԣһԼ֣ǽҵˡ
Ȼ˫޿κΣͣƽ֣Σ
е쿪˵Ѿȥˡ
ҪŪף޷καɣɿû˵޿κΡ
˵
ߣҪǿʶ㶼޷ˣܽô
ǵҽսǾӦҪľ򡣴ʱǶԱ޿κΣⲢζűɾ޷ɱǡ֮ɲǵͣ˫֮䣬ֻһԻȥ
ͻȻģ˫֮иֳŨŨɱ⡣
Զԣһ£ȴѾŨŨĿ־塣
Ҳ£Ƿɢգض֮֡
֮е˵˶ʱаϲ
ܿ죬˱ɢֻɼȻңָ
޷˵λãȴĸܵǶ׼ԼķɼƾԭҲͿԸ֪˵ľλá
ʩչʵˣ˾Ҫ֧Ԯȴֵͬ飬Ҳ˿ɳ֮
˵Ĺɺǿ󣬵ǵķȴͬ˻ҪŮӸû뵽Ľʱֻܽ߾ȫԷ
ܹԷķɼֱԻ֣ڻ£ҲӿֳΡ
˾ţҪæȴ޷׼ĿĿɲǽһˣһʼڶ˷
ʼʩ£ڶҲ޷Ļȫڶʱɵģ˵Ҫô֣һֱ֮ơ
еĶ˲ҽţҪжݳȥȴǸо֮嶼ǻڻǶŻһ㣬ȻʼڿͬʱһƶúŻ϶ΪһǶ˻֮УҲڲϵıС


1648 ͯ
еŭһһͷʱЩԷ赲ҲʧȥЧ
΢΢һЦʱĵǶԷķǵͬʱʩչ֮ԱˣԼһ˸޷üƶԷ֮塣
ʱ˿̣ȴǲõˣ˫ĳŻӳҵĻ潫ǶΧסһҪӻǲܵ顣
Ҫ
еʱֶŵˣ֪ǾԲӢսģֻǣںѾ̫ˡ
ಣ
˲ƵͬʱҲֵ˲ˣҪٶĽ
ٶȲȴ޷̽鵽˲ƹ켣ʧȥܵѻᡣ

ͻȻֵ˾һܵҪܣ֮ŷԼһȴûиԼ㿪
ԻǷ󣬵еʶøոնһٵĹ־ֵ˻ڸоʶɵͬʱԵ˵
ٴʱܵʧȥˣ˵ʵ˳ң֪Լ߾ȫҲ޷ӱܶԷĽ
һΣֱӽǶץסȻһЦṉ̀ŵĻɢ롣
ŲæɣֵɫѾ԰һƬиǲϵѪĶȻ֪Լɡ
׼ͬھʱȴһâȻֽ֮ɱɱֶ˵ĸɴ࣬ͷ­ɳΧҲֲĻ֡
֣ʩչʼȷʵޱȣ˹ԼľȻڲ֮أڴ֮սȴֻӲ
漯һԱĻᶼûУһڽ˵Ļ븹кҲͳװ
Ŀɿڴһ¶֮ɫ˽ڰңԼĶ֣Ѱ·
ԯЦ̾һԼһƺմõĹ⣬ĶֱԼˣԯΪԼ˵츳Ҫ˲٣ǵĿɱ֣ҲûκεĿԴ
˵УȴǾԭأһѾչͬʱɺڵ֮壬Ҳһս
֪˶ãڷһ֮ʱΧĽҲʧӰ٣ʱ˿̣һĵЦ⣬˫Ȼβסеϲɫ
ɺڣ
ⷬɺԼȻٴνˣܲϲ
һεĽǴϢ֮еģٴ̽Ϊʱ־Ȼ޷̽жʱޱȣ鲻Խ˵Ϊǽɳڵˡ
˻һڽȻһһ̽飬һȫ˵
ֵˣǻĸСԸܱɵս
ʮƽ˵Ѿ˵Ͽӹ
˳
ԯһ˵ߵĶλŮҲͬʱͷ
ղŲǺսٵôͻȻ˳أ
˵
ԯβѣԳЦЦʵǿ̾磬֪֮ûУѰ·ѷŹˣԯʤм
΢΢һЦͷʾ˿ȥ
ǣ
ԯ˵ѸԶȥ
֮ҲҼǿˣһѧԯķʽ˳
ѡ˳ҲԲŹǡ
˻һ˵ͬʱһĶ
޷˳ǴӴʱ˿ѡܣȻǱ׷ˣɱȣ
˵еɱԽŨ
ӣ
֪˭һ˷׷ȥߵķȴ˷
һᣬΧ֮ڱѾûˣɭо׼ˣȴǿЦһԼȻЩ˵֮أǽЩȫɱˣǵȵԼȥֻ֮ʲôĸֵԼ
ֻǽЩ߶ѣһԭ˺ܾãв֪ô뿪ط
ɵ˼У֪˵ÿ꿪һΣԼȴһεĿûд뿪Ҫȵ˵صĴҪꡣ
мԵȴұ뾡뿪˵أȻǰɽ硣
аȻʧԭء
ﵽɺڵΪеٶҲ࣬˷ڷ֮бΪ屾壬ٶȸֹֿ
֮غܴȴҲи߼ʣֻҪѰеı߼ʣԷ촩͸ƵԼӦÿԿ뿪˵ء
ǣ㳯һ·Уٶ֮죬Ѿﵽһֵ
һº־ԼŬڴﵽ˱߼֮أ˵ããģһֱ߽ߡ
Ũ֮кһǿ͸ƣ߶κڴ͸ǿĽơ
ӽ֮гȥԼֵһİ֮أ˵һɽɽ֮¼شҲƽԭشƽԭϻž޴һĺˮɽȺֳ˶ݣںˮߣ⾰ȴȫһ
ˮһɽ̲ݣ̺ʻɽҰںˮһߣӳȴǺɫɽҲԵúںģɭֲ
ʱ֮ǿֲһаԾȣûв´ǳһɴľۼڣϢŨЩɻĴڵء
ɽл׳۵Ĵϣ˵صһʧ磡
˼ţغӶߣӰζ
Ҹǰεأ
ЩãȻ룬ϵĳǰ̤ȥ
µĲݵؾȻǺɫģЩïʢĲݵظǳһ˶ߣںӱ߻иߴ«έԣźӱߵ磬«έԷ
һһĳǰУû߶ãͻȻһЦӲԶ
ǺδˣȻҴɽȣ
һǰĲݴվһˣ˵ϾȻֻ֣¶˫ۡ
˭Ϊɽ֮У
ʡ
Ǳļ磬ڴ˵أںεأ
Цһ̽飬ͻȻ˵ɺڵСӣʵҲԽ紳ɽȣ
ǰɣ
аû뵽Էһ۱㿴ԼΪ
ֻ·
˵̶֮˷֮С
Ʒ
˾еһֳץȥ
Ԧ㣬ٶȳǺˮϿճȥ
ӲģﲼǿĽƣɽ롣
˲˵һѾ˺ӱߡ
֮һǿƣڷĴ͸Ƶ̫ǿκڳ˺ϿյĽơ
ܣ𼶱ĸֶ޷ƺϿյĽƣһɺڵģ
̾ӶҪɳۿ
͸ƺ󣬺ܿ㵽ﻨ磬ҲҪ࣬ԼȥЩû̫ġ
Ƭ֮һ࿡ͯǱЦǰֵλСѣʴ˵ĸɴĵ̣
ͯһͷţĻĶ
Զ԰
˶٣ҡͷЦˣЩأ
ͯͻȻڿᣬһֻԹȻһѣɽȣϻɽȵϢȻƭɣõ
ͯ˵ҲаǱЦЦһСӣαȥѧЩˣСѣɣ
ޣѾһˣȻΪСӣ豾ɣ
ͯ³һڿˮݺݵŭ
ɹһЦû뵽ͯе˼ȻѾ˰֮䣬ӣӵܲơ
ðɣ˵ˣĪҪŭ֪Ѹγƺ
΢Цʵ
үүԳƺүү
ͯȻ˵һ˿ζЦ⡣
ޣԭóƺӡӣãɼˡ
ٺЦǲᱻԷռݿͷϵıˡ
ͯŭָҰСӣȻүүǰţд
ҡҡͷԼˣǱ㲻һͷɹ
ߣһССҲţ
֮ͯʱһС
Ҫ㣬ȴֶԷһƾȻ֮죬ƷԼŴһʹϴ
һ֮㱻ͯ˰֮⣬ͯȴֻһƣŭͬʱҲܵ˶Էʵǿ
ȻѪˣ
һֶͷʪģѾȾ˽ɫѪ
ȻɵĹҵķһΪӦǸˣ
аȴһŭ
СӣүүͷǸ𣿡
ͯЦ
ӣˣ
ŭˣѾܶԷжôǿˣ֮ԼѪܰ
֪νףôǽɫѪҺ㵽ʲôðˣ
ͯϵĽɫѪҺֻЩѣȴǽûģ
ಣ
ѾһɫķɽɱȻҲڷٵţͯһƣǼģϵĳԲѷ
ɺڵСΪǱүүĶЦүүһֱֻɵ𡣡
ͯЦ
Ѫ
ʼʹѪȻʹӳ֮һս
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ǽԼ٣Ȼڽ±ͯĹУ򲻿롣
ͯ۽ֳһ˿Ц⣬ͼȴĽ׼ڹؼʱ̸һ

ͯХһͷţͯĻȻɣԼٶһߣʱĽ򿰿ƫͯ
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ͯƤû̧һ£ҲǺţܣֻһЦ缴ʲôȤ顣
ΪԷĲ㣬ĽֱȡǺţֻǺţȴǴųЦ⣬ƺ֪˲
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˵仰Ȼ쿪ʼǺϿնȥ

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Сӣ·ӣ
ͯţϣĶԭĽɫš
Сѣڣ
˵Ѿ˼ƣܿ㽫ɽȵĵ̡
ǽɽȵĵ̣Ҳٸֵսʱ˿̣Ҳ˲ôˣܲڴʱһȺǿ˰ɣ
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ͯ۾ֱˣû뵽Ȼʧȥټһֱ̽ʮϢͯҲûʲô֡
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뵽ԣͯɫ󾪣ٳǰɽ˲ƶȥ
ʮεĴ˺ϿյĽƣһںһߣںӱţвɰû뵽ԼĴ˲
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Ӱߴһߣƺһֱ֣ʱüһɱҲϲϵӳ
ɴļһ㾹ȻҴҺڰɽȵĵ̣ǲ֪
ĺȵȴڽΪ֪ӵд͸ǺƵķΨ˻ȥ
ںϣЩŶԷʱԼЩƣ֪˵ĵ֣ȴֲòԡ
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ںϣޱʵ
ΪǺڰɽȵػȷ棬˵طԲǧﷶΧ֮ڣһдС񣬽Թ鱾ƹܡɴ֮ˣԴ뱾Ͻĵ̣в֮
˸˵
ƾʲô϶ɴ֮ˣˣЩɴ岢޹ϵ
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Ŀ¶âԲŵƳһۣͻȻһֶܸܵĻ֮ɫ
һɢɴϢˣ뱾磡Ҫƭ꣬дģҲûʵ
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ôǱҲǳ֮أֻƾϢжϱɵĳδҲ̫ˡ֪˵ţͯ
ƽʵ̽һͯĵϸǡÿԴ˿׳һϢ
꣬һ£һͷţ
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ߣүүձɵļһǽֲֹһΣǱ°ܽѡ굹ԿǷһᵽڷ˱ļɻ䣬ԣ׼ȥɣСǰҲ޷Ȼȥ
ŭ˵ᵽ֮ͯʱоŨŨĺ⡣
Ǹӣ㱾ɱɱҲԲѾսһȴټ֣ŷش˵ء
ͻȻٲȻ޷ܵķŭ
Ҳг𣿡
д󾪣ѾʼԼǰжϡ
˵˵ĳ˱ѣг𣬱ҲгôǹͬĵˡˣѵҪһ𣿡
΢Ц˵һ׺Ҳ˲ٵĹ
˵¶֮ɫĿⶨĶòһЦ㵽ʲôˣүүʲôޣϸ
һѾɽ֮ˣһС봫˭֪㵽İ֮ءǼһû˵ϼ仰ڳԣǣɱ֮֡
˵˴һ٣ȻЦҡҡͷ
ɽ֮ˣ
𾪵˵ôŻɽ֮˴˵أܵ˲Сĳ
ƬѾɽƿأǧ˵ֻжĳֹţû˵ɽ֮˿ǰ˵ء
ڣû˻ɽĴڣĻ𺳲ѣʵôɽڵĵط
ɽĴڣҵҲ޷ǰɽ硣
аٿʱȴû˵ôǿҵĵ⡣
ѣ治֪˵ãǸ˵ʵ̫֮㵽һȫµĵطԶҲطɽ硣
ƽ˵֮оȻͬĹâ
һ㶣Լ֮бʹ˵صģѵ޷ǰɽ磿ԼһӴطֻ»Լ


1649 ԯɴ
ȻҲһߣҲûгڣԷ֪뿪ĵ·Ⲣζ˶֪뿪ĵ·
аȻûʧȥġ
ѣһ뿪˵صġ飬ɱ֤ɽУ˲ҲˣԲɽȵߡ
һһٵ˵
һֱػɽȣδߣʱҲЦãȻɽûвôҲûɸϾɱΪָһ·ϵɴУҲ֪ô뿪˵ءֻǣڵΪֻ»ûѰҵɴ壬Ѿ𡣡
л㣬ġ
˵ܹԺƽֶνԷìܣһ¡
ðɣͬΪ޵֮ˣٸһʾϵɴԯɴ壬ԯɴҲɴ֮ʵǿģǰԯɴ壬ҵԯɴϵˣӦ֪ǰɽĵ·ȻһҪСģԯɴʵͬСɣвأ𡣡
˵˵Ȼתͷȥ
лָԽ򣬱ɸм
˵תǣȴȷĿꡣ
Ҳ˵Ĳûдֻҵϵɴ壬Ҳпܻ뿪˵صϢֻǣɽȵ˶ԣЩɴ֮ƺвҵʵҪǰԯɴ壬ֻһ·ϻΣء
зţȻźǰн
ƽĺϿգһţźϿշʱδκ˵һֱһ죬ûб߼һ㣬һֱǰš
е뷨ܼ򵥣ǾһҵľͷҲִľͷҵ뿪˵صķǱֳǰš
һ죬ʮ죬һ¹ȥˣǺľͷһ߼ʣھһµķУΪǻԭе뷨ȴǿʼı䡣
ûб߼ʣı߼Ҫ꣬ȥѰңѵһӦ˵˷ʱ𣿡
ͣΣпЦԼ
һȻǺɫĲݵأǱ˻ҪĲݵ趯ţڲԶӰζţ֪ɽȵˡ
ҵԯɴ壡
аȻ㿪ʼ͸ϿյĽơ
ಣ
ѵĵɴĵ̣ʱǰɽаڿУÿ˵нŹ׼ķ֮
ǰɣ
ܵĪѹϰٵ˹ԷɼָţɾԲɵ飬ĳҲͬŵЩ֡
Խˡ
һСŮе
ĪҪţԯɴĵ̣˭Դ룬Ѱ·Ϊ
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ʮһ飬Ŀǰĺˡ
һȫ׵һ֣Ȼ侲´
ಣ
ӰѸٵĴߣϰ֧ɼΣЩ־ѵصģܿѾʮһ飬һ󷨽Χ
ιѾ˷죬ʱ˿̣еЩ𾪣û뵽ԼιӭԼȴ˶˹֡
˸ղŵĶԻУ˶ԼʮϢԭ˵رԯɴ֮أԼһҲûҵյ㣬ȴ˲ҵԯɴ塣
һΪ춯ķɼṥԼ
Ǹãſ˵ԯɴ廤ԯ׷֪ΪκȻԯɴ壬ʾ
˶ķɼ£Ȼ治ɫӢϳֳһĨ΢Ц˫ֱȭ봫Եط˷ǰԯɴ壬Ҫԯɴߡ
봫󣿡
˻ǵһ˵ǣɵĶȴǿԷѵļǱ¿ǴӶ԰
ĪҪᣬֻɽȣɽȵ˲޽飬˷Ѿǧ෽Ѱ˵أƭѡ
Ȼ˵񻷹ˣͻȻֶЩ˾ȻЩӣǸˣ˿ȥδꡣ
ǽˣҲԸоΪԼǿ٣пܻҪԼ
һѾʼԯɴ֮˷ԮϢۼɫ򶨣˭֪кĿġ
Īɱԯɴδ֮ǣ
뵽ܣвɰżȴǼһЦ¼̵ģҴطˣ˴ֻԯɴһѵԯɴ塣£ȥɣ
ԣаԲ²ǽǼɵԼӦǰͯķɼѾܲκεΣϢ
ʱȻףֻҪԴˣЩͯвԼ
һͷһţ£Ѿ뵽˰ԯɴĺֻͯȴзͷ
˵ǻ֮أطΪпᣬ˷ҪԯɴѰȴûκΰա


1650 Ļȸ
п磬Ȼˣ˭֪ԯɴ᲻ԼأοԼΪԶսԯɴʵֻµЩֶβſԻԯɴİ
ЮЩͯȻԯɴ彻Ժֵ뷨ֻԯɴ˶ԴԼ̬϶ԣԯɴ˻жôа
˴˶۸٣ԻȡǳֶȻǽȴڽЮЩͯԭڡ
һˣǧ֮²ҵȻԯɴ֮ˣһԴǰԯɴ塣Ѿǧ֮⣬ǾԲȥġ
Ȼ˵ֱӶԷ۾
ô
ʵеĹ׼۾Ҳʼ΢΢
ģ´ֻҪѰҪƣλҪҪ䣬Ҳ
΢Ц˵޾ǰЩˡ
ڴʱһƿӺϿյĽдһɫӰĳԶ
ã
ܵĸоΣյĽ٣˷죬ҲɲǼ֮С
䣡
ǽ˷֮УҲܵһǿԼɴ֮£Ҳ˰֮ңѾ˷֮УԷһвδܶصơ
ʱǵӰҲڿУֳ֮ɫƺû뵽ķǿķ
Ȼ㣡
˵ϮԼ˾ȻǸ֮ǰˡ
쳷뱣У
ɫ
Щַͯ׷׿ʼԶɽźˣٶȴǲ죬еĹȻָǰ
ߣ
һȣƿ֮ж˴͸˺ϿյĽơ
ʱ뵽һ⣬ѵԷԼûзǿ͸ԣԷ˿ڶʱͻƺϿյķ

͵ȴָ
ʱܼķɼ͵ĳ۷ȴǿֵԹۡ
 ڷ֮УξЩͯķɼֻЩˬû뵽ԼȻ˫İӡ
 δܣƾЩɼԼƾǿЩɼ׷зڿС
ǲӦùɣɲǵĵˡ
ƽƽ˵
΢΢̧һֻ֣˱ˣȴû
ԥ֮ʱȴ˺ٺһЦ֣Щԯɴļһƻĺܣ޷ΡԸЩһֻһֶΣǾɱ
ҲЦýиɵĶڵķ졣
ƺѾԤϵ˵ļıȴýּͣıԼкã
 û뵽ҲһģҪΪղŵϷɿߣǵѰ·ȻԯɴΪС
ŭ
һͲش⣬Ҳݳ֮УΪǶݳ֮Уֻ»˵Ĺ
Ҳû뵽ķӦٶȻô죬ûжγһЧʱ룬Ǿס
ֵ֣ܸղֻ㿪ЦϣֲҪ⣡ֱֵַ룬òһڴ˵ðգǣֵܱһ·β棬ΣյʱԯɴЩδ֮ǺֵܱѾһ⣬ֻҪֵܵĻһҵ뿪˵صķ
΢Ц˵赭дı㽫ˡ
Ŷԭˣ
Ȼ˵
һ֣ЩͯѾʼȫˡ
Ҳƣͬʱǰɶݣܿ㵲סǰֵͯȥ·
ֵѵ뿪˵𣿡
˼˵
Ȼ룡
Ļش
ֵܱһıֻҪץסԯɴЩδ֮ǣвԯɴʱҲֻԯɴŻ͸¶뿪˵صķú룬ǲܸԯɴκκôƾʲô㣿
Ϊ˵
˱ȥԸǶصĺˣָɵˣʱ˵Ļвɴ󼱣ԭԼǸˡ
ģҪǵЮԯɴδ֮ǣǱɣ
˼ٵ˵ճڣȴЩˣԼʱ̫ļˣȻֱвԷ
ߣֻɺڵΪƾʲôڳԣһȥ
Цһһӣǽ˱㱻һͻĴˡ
ôֵܿǵˣ
Цʵ
Ѿ³˵ĿԯɴЩͯҲǼɵԼл£Բ£Լ
ӽ˵ѾϢҲ˶ãԯɴĸֱϹ
˵û˻ɵԼ洦顣ЮЩͯҿԵõôֻõʲô
ʵ
ͬ棡вֻ뿪˵ص;ҵҪԯɴͷŹѺˣ߲Υʱȣò˰ʱԯɴԮϵپϰɣ
ͻȻߴٵԶɽţɽŴӿһ߲ʵĹâӵԯɴ庢ͯȻӽɽŴ


1651 ֮
ͨ
һȴһѾɽ֮ǰ˽ƣһһԻƺʱǰַͯ
佹ԯδ֮ܵԼȴǲȥԸˣΪ˵ΪΪǿһ˸ɽţںֱͯٱԷлľ޴ա
˿̣˶ôϣܹվԯɴһֻҪ֧ŵԯɴԮִǰ⼸ֻ·һ
ѾȨβԼԯɴӪأ˵һҲţңвԯɴԯɴ壬ںߵġ
ԯɴ岻ˣԼҲвԼԩ޳ԯɴ壬οԯɴҲǱԼǣҲû飬ˣԼϣõԯɴİ
ԴԯɴӪأ⵨ǲСȻͲںɵֺαѯأ
Ź˵е˼
һݣԭûһ£ֻڳ͵Ϯȴ޹ŷôԣҪ£һԼ˵жΪӵд͸ˮϿյĽƣɽȵδشá
˼ǲҵȣ
˺ʵɱȻ
ҰףǵĶԹ뱾ɲ޹ϵôɲùܡ
赭д˵Ȼһ˿ɣĿȴǶźϿմ
ںϿգдطȻֵĺɫ͸ʱĵطҲͨ˵ؽģͨ类ַҪӴͨѡ
ƺֹǰˣǺɫ֮ͨƺУǺ԰ֻҲ˸ˡ
۲춼ĽҲЩԥʱ䡣
ѣԯɴѣҵȣڰԯɴһᱨģɱ֤
˼˵
˼ֻ⣬ѲҪš
˵ڷ֮УݳΣΪһʧȥ˷ǿֻ¸޷Щ֮
ǽͬʱһڶ˿ܱȰԷҪһ㣬˸ѡ˳ĬӦԡ
˶ĶˣнâһһҫĹС
ԭҲ˿ԶвɵǱֺ󣬽˵Ʒ˾˵ı仯绻һƵġ
󹥻ˣ
ͷûлأ
ǰͯУܿγǶ˵ĶЧ
Ѿ޵ĿϿյĽƣ£Ҳɶԯɴ֮˹Ŀ࿴һĺ֣ͯȴҲδػˡ
ԯɴڵӣеĹ֮еǵļʸ¡ǵʵжôǿҵԶҲη壬սٰɣҵȽɱһѪ·һȵԮ˽ѪܵĲشۡ
˾𹭼սȻĺ
ܵĸȾǰԯĺͯҲͬʱظĻһѪڣȻûǰǿеľʧ롣
ߣӳģ㻹Ķ֣
Ĵ˽˵ĻͻȻһڵɽɽһ·綼ޱߵĺڰ
ɲն֮
ȻĶˣ¶ŨŨɱ

˸ûˣͻȻֹǽˡ
⧲뵽ԷȻ˽ƻȻ˲ͻϮ

֪ԼΪܶԷ˲ƹ趯еĽɫһɽɫϱΧ֡
˵ͻȻڽ˵ߣǺɫɽΧĿռ䣬ޱߵĺڰӿˡ
ԯɴ˻̫ʴˣΪһ֣Ȼʧȥ˽Ȼһʮֱҵ顣
аڴʱһȴҲ֪ԼٶȸˣҲûԼȥǽѾɱˡ
䣡
дҵıըɫĽǽɫĹâ󣬿оȻųֹѵĻ壬⼤ҵײ֮УҲɷһ
ǰɣȻסˣ
аȴ˱˰ɶѣȻȥУһ㣬ȻڿлƶٶȱԼҪࡣ
Ȼּٵ֮
̲סг͸ݵĿ־塣
ɫȻǰˣ˫εס˹ʸ׼ʱ۾ȫעǰϡ
ʱ˶ͣͣ󷽵˶һ۲գĶŽ˵ĹԭսҲֹͣȻȻ֮УҪԶ뷽λãƺ


1652 ޱ
һȻڷʱӵǿļЧδ̫ˡҵСˣǸ˵ΪҪһȴҲδؿԴܽˡ
аʱҲ˵ս
˵һ˫һĻȳţǷɼĽˡ
ԯɴ壬Ȼɴصģû뵽ɺڵҲñΣ֮СΪƾŹļЧԴܱ꣬ǳ˵Ρ
˻˵徹Ȼͣԭء
ʱжһ̵ķ䣬ͬʱһ̱㽫˵֡
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ἺˣҲ˭ɱɵ֮ɣһ޼ҿɹˣԯɴҪ¹شɣɱɵԪ֮壡
˵һ顣
ѣⲻ£ԯɴǵĶԹÿ֮岻Ե顣
վѾʮָжۿҲѾʪˣʱľԲ˴Լȥ
£ɹܶˡ
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˵Ҫ㲻ʹɽֵꡣ
ǿ
˼ûɽֻзɽģɣѾɽպˡ


1653 
һɽѾʧ
ѣǲ㽲õģ㲻ôӦ
˼
˵֮ƽִǰʮʱѾаٷְٵ壬ʱһâҫų
Ҫ
յĺһѪ˫ۼҪɳۿ
ǽɫһţ˽֪Ѿڣͬʱϧ̾ʱǽž˹ȴ׼
ڴͨ
˵һģĺͻȻںһߣһԲεĿ׶Ȼǰ͸Ͽս֮
һᣬһͨϿյĽƣ˵мԮ㵽
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ɵļһ
˿־ĺ
˴˱˴˶ѣɿû㣬͵͵ĸٱɣЦΪɾͻñ֮𣿡
Ц
ߣֻɺڵΪѣ
˹
ǸأΪƺȱǿһݻ֮塣Ϊ֮¶֪ôĶ֡㣬ԲܸӦùϵɱǵűɱ
ɵ˵ⷬúķҡ
ߣ֮ҪǿĶ࣬Ͳı֮Ա𣿡
Ц
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ν˵
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һŻѣΧһҪ֮壬ʱҲڱ꣬
˵֮䣬ʩչ֮˲ơ
Ժ֮ٶȣ˲֮죬ҲٶȣѾȫ׼ڲһһصĻ档
˲ƵĹУ̸о˶Է֮澹Ȼ֮壬ú˲û
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ռɴСڲýƺܵʲôлޱߣһأҲһһص㡣ɣ˲ɥʧʶɣ˲ɣ
˵

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Щ


д󾪣͵ĺ徹Ȼ׷ȥ


1654 㻹û
㻹ЪŰɣ
ٺһЦֻӳһźâ˵֡
ǺαأˣҲȲ˱ɣȲԯɴЩδ֮ǣɶԲס㣬Բסԯɴ尡
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ĿЩԭѵеĺͯսûкˣЩͯƾ츳ŽᣬδػǰǶˣֻϧ˵ĵʵԶԶκһͯ
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ڵ֮ɺΧ仯ǰͯѾʧ˵Ц⣬ǶˣǸԶˡ
˵һŹĺЩϵĲţʲôҪѳ֣򹧾ĸˡ
˷ɹʱҲЩᣬѵ͸ĿЩץԯɴĺͯ𣿿ǣԼ֣ǷԵסЩأ
ڴʱϿյͨٴζһˣһڷߣһֺ̱ɫ
²μϣ
ͬʱ
߱ǻһ㶢Ҳĵɻ󣬲֪ôҶ԰ϲ
аãѾ־ԯɴЩͯ˭֪һ֣ƾ˶ߵ̬ȣܴ²²ԷʵѾӽڡ
²μϣ
˵ȴǺϿյĶУӰ㿣ƺǰ
ҷһҸղӦǿзڵģ򣬾Ͳôǿˡ
ʱЩƣߣԼͻϮҲûжʤ㣬ҪԯɴĺͯƺҪ޴ĴۣҪЩ˵ڴ˵أҪպϿյĽơ
ף˭
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ǰ
֪ûѵıҪʱҲѾ˾ģ۸ôصĴۣҪЩڴ˵ء
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¡
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ˣСѰ·ȻΥ氲ϵ
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ƲԳԷƣߣǴ뿪ڴ˵ɱ

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лжˣƺڽάֽƵ֮ͨ⣬ȴûػԣֱǧѷĻᡣ
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һ˲䣬Ƕ˵ξȻͬʱʧ˿Ŀɿڴ
ûд͸ڣֻǴ͸һ룬Ȼڽɱ˸ǹܿ죬һӶд
ԭеĶˣǰŬ׷ˣҲζһʱڣ˶޷͸ϿյĽơ
⣬⣬ôܣ
߽Ͱ͵˵Īĸоһɿ־壬޷ˣôȴԼĽԯɴı
¹ԯɴ壬̸оͷƤһ飬磬ԯɴ˿ܲģǵʵȴǿģҲɽеĲ˶Կԯɴ塣
ϣڱգǳȥˡ
˾ֵ˵ԭԵþʧ롣
Īа취롣
򶨵˵ʵڰοԷڴʱ˾ġ
ȻҲôúƵģϵͷȴʮˡ
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¡
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ಣ
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ڣҪȫˣȻ̫ܣһҪЮֺʣȴԮִ
Ƿϵ˵
ǣϣ
˵аڴˣ˻һĹǣֻ˵ľ᳹ױ
ںϿյĽͣһᣬͻȻԼ彥УӵзҪڽƶȴҲʧȥԭеٶȡ
ãǼͣڴ˴ֻҲ޷
뵽æȫʼɶݣݳһξбࡣ
ҽǸһɣ
Цʱܲô࣬Ǳ㳯źһ߷ٵĶȥ
ںӱʱݺݵĶ
ಣ
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Сӣб²Ҫӣ
յĺռлص
ӱɱôɵ𣿡
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ʱٵţ֪޷ҲֻܽƵ飬»иҪҪ
 ڰϵָ£ӱ߲һӴĽƣУԯɴͯԯɴĸָϵҲڴֲٿԼһʱ䡣
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Щ˸ԯɴĵ̣ȴ͵ʴףҲ׵ɱЩͯһԼĿꡣ
ԼĪʱԶɽͻȻӿֳҫ۵İâһǿҵ£һӰжݳ
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ηħ֣Ȼԯɴδ֮ǣ׼ɣ
ڿţȴ˵Ϥ
Ȼ
д󾪡

Ů˲䵽ǰԶĶŽ֮С
ಣ
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ŮӾϲĪۿЩ졣
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ƽ˵ٴŮӣȴһȫͬĸо
żʱ䣬Ǹ¶Ůʱȴǳ࣬𾪵ӦΪ
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֮ǰҲûͨԷΪʲôҪʹôǿʽԼԼ츳ֻ˶ԷС
㷢ԭӦûʱϴʲôã
ƽķʵʱԯʱ˵ķƸо
ѳɣ˵ڵǸҲѾ̫ˡðɣ˽˶ԹҷһߣͻȻԯɴĵ򣬵Ϊ
ԯˣֱ
˵أ㲢ûʲôϵܲҡ
ԷʣǲˬĻش
ԯܣͷص󷨣̽Ϊ󣬻ЩٶȣȻʱΪǴûκιϵǲܵġ
ܾûͨϿյĽƴ˵أѵǰģ
ԯǰܿ㷢˺ϿսƵֱ仯
ԣҴġ
ýֱͣӳϵ
С˽ɵСˣҪѰ𣬴ֱαôյķ֪ɽȵЩˣ鷳Ÿոտʼûüֵ󣬵ȴĽһ;
ԯ˵¶ĵı顣
ÿɷЦЦȻ͡
ԯЦҡҡͷƺʮֲԸԣʱеʮֵľᡣ
˽˵϶ԣԯǲԸɱģԯɴԯֲòɱκΣԯɴĵˡ
ο˴̬أôδ֮ǲԷܣɹϵԯɴδ
ʶһ֪㲢ʮ֮ˣϼʱ֣ϵһֻӣ⡣콫Щͯɣɡ
ԯ˵ȴѾ൱ˣ򣬸Է
ǲҵУб£Լȥˣвҡ
ʼ磬ɵ˵ƺûԯĻһ¡
ԯˣԼڸԷĻᣬȴϧԼҲûзŹİ취ˡ
ѵô𣿡
ԯҧ˵ʮָӡ
ΣѾһˣһΣҲζ
ǺЦͻȻĸоԯʵǿˣɲݡ
ź̵ܶһʱ䣬СѾͷΪչƺңңʮ꣬ô͵ԯɴĳϣѵԯɴĳҲˣ
ɻѡ
ԯ֪λشˣмŭ־û뵽ԷһҲȻʱԼ
ˣҲǱõĿѣ߰ɣߵԶԶģ򣬱һɱ㡣
ԯȻ˵Ҳû뵽ԼȻ˵Ļ
ߣ
аԷȻˣΪԼԸԯɴģǣ£Լߣѵô
˵ҪߣҾߣ̫û𣿡
Ц˵
ԯǸ޲ȥԼһɱѵַͬĴ
㲻ҲУϽ첻ɱ㣬ֹɱУֻ·һ
ԯε˵Ȼתؽƣ˵ɽȰΪǿ󣬽һȴС֮ͽȻСŮǰ
һֱڽй۲죬ȴû뵽˫ûʧȴ϶ԷѾԼ
ԯɴԯĴ˵ԯɴ츳õ֮һǾˡ
ϵڽд
ѵҪ
ԯɲǰӣֱӺȵ
һû뵽Լôù츳ļһҪԵһ֮Ƶԯ
ΪϣҲ籾꣬սȴһڱꡣԯɴԷɼеٮٮߣս겢޳ɵʤ㡣
зţüͷѾ治츳׵ĵˡ


1655 ԷΪ
аԯϵı仯ŶòΪչƺԶԶҪԼҲɰ̾ˣ졣
һӵ˵ΪΪչ̣ңҲֻĽʺˡ
ĬĬҡҡͷǲһİƺʮּɵԯõĳĬš
ϸһʱ䣬㲻ڱǰ˵ر֮ء
ԯ΢΢ͷȻ˵ɢλߵơ
аһϲܵĻͷһۣǺϿյĽУƺ춯
һʱе̣ܸһʱϵʱ䣬Ǳаˡ
Ѱ˼һȻЦһԯвҲûãƼˣҲֻɱԯɴδ֮ǡԱһȡôδ֮ǣֵˡ
ԯаϵļթȻвԼЩδ֮ǵҪԲԶԲһϵԲģһҪȫȳ
ֶǰԯԵЩۣǿװ򶨣ȴ飬ԭֻǰ¶һԼϣȴûϵʵ䷴
һЦ翴ԯ˼ȻҲͷǺϿյĽһۣһݵΣУܵԶ˺ϿյĽơ
ֱǰɽ·ȥʱԯ˲ƣסȥ·
ʱ˿̣ԯбЩˣ˭֪ûߣҪǻԯɴϣһ
㣬ǻȥҪƱϵϣ𣿡
ԯǿסеŭѹֵ˵
ϿյĽƲȶҲƿƴ룬һԶһ㡣㣬ûҪҵɳˣģҶԯɴδ֮ǺȤ
ƽ˵
ԯǰһۣȴûпϿκεжʱŭɶֻǣʱԯȴоΣǿס
ڲߣҲҲûˣ֮䣬Լѡ񡣡
ԯһ˵
ֺֺ֣ΰ
ʵȻԯǰ
ԯһֻһݵܣ΢΢̾һҲգѾѡǱע飬Ⱦȳԯɴδ֮ǣȻ㡣
㣡
ν˵Ȼɵɽ֮¡
ԯͻȻҫâӣ΢ţϣ㾿ҪôſϷԯɴδ֮ǣ
¸£ൽֵѼӣ֡ҪǵǾ͵øۡɣԷһΪϱЩԯɴδ֮ǡ
Ц
ԯһû뵽Է˹ֵҪĿԼôԯɴδ֮ǣԯԸԼ
ǣԯֵĶԷƭԼԼΪŹЩԯɴĺͯ
˵ĻʳԣǱǰװ׵ˣ
ԯȻ
ߣ˵һţͲδ֮ǵĻˡҪףΪĺճŸԯɴû츳˿ֲ㣬Ҳ뷽跨ԯɴ׳Щδ֮ǹȻҪҲͬҪܹɱ㣬굱ȻͷЩδ֮ǡ
Ϲ˵
ԯϣɶԷ˵ĵȷʵĳ϶ԣԼԯɴҪЩδ֮ǣϾԼԯɴʷ츳ǿˡ
ɸҷģ
ԯʵ
кβңϣǱʳԣһ죬궨𡣡
ϴ˵˷ʵ̫ģֻǺŪԯģΪڰУûӳ֪֮һԼ൱û˵
ԯô׳գкʸԯɴĳϣ򵥵ı㱻ⰲףѵҪȡЩδ֮ǵȲ˵뷨ֵֵãؼǰè壬ֻҪԯԼΪ϶Цʳԡ
аʱƽĿǰһС
ãϴӦ㡣
ԯ˵ҲʮĻ
пϲû뵽ԼԶ˶Էĳš
ܸ˵̫磬ȴĿ֮꣬ôЦôЦ
ϱסЦӣʵͬΪȡԯɴЩδ֮ǵ
Ը⡣


1656 Ϊʬ
ԯ϶ĵͷȴ˵İˡ
ˣ䲻ŶԷĻ˾޴˵
ĪļƲߣҶԷȻٳûɱоˣ
в²
ãһΪֻҪԷΪ궨ԣЩԯɴδ֮ǡ
Ͽ϶˵
ԯһЦȻѵ׼һֱڽ֮У⿪ƣɶȻԷΪ
һ㶣ҲĽ⿪˽ƣǣ˱ԯǰЩδ֮һ֮С
ԯɴĳϣȻʳԡãѾˣԯɴδ֮Ǿ֮УԷΪˡ
ûסԯľ飬δԯɴĳʳԣ˲Ž⿪˽ơ
ԯһ֣˶ʱȻԯδûչƣֻǽȥЩδ֮Χֵ
ϣҪ
һͯеȻһ˷׷Ҫֹԯ뷨
ϣһԴΪأΪЩ˾ҪԯɴĵһţһҲֵá
ϳɵĺͯ˵
˷׷ȻвŮӼᣬĳԯҲǸж
ѶȰ裬סԼȫǣһҪϧ֮׵ĻᣬһҪΪԯɴĶ֡
ԯԼᶨ˵
ǰɣԯѵҪһ𣿡
̲ס˵
ԣԯعͷǷһΣһΣҲɱ㣬Ժ㲻ǷˡΪ֮뿪Ƿ֮ذɣ
ԣ
Ц
ԷΪѣϲһֻҪһϢд棬Ժл
ԯ΢΢Ц
ߣ޳ˣΣΪ궨ҪʬΡ
Цȴһ˼֮ɫ
һ츳˵˾ҪΪһȺԯɴĺͯԷΪһĵ飬ԯԣһ硣
ȻҲԯԣֵõģֻԯԷΪһٴΣǰҲԲŹԯɴĺͯ
һԯԷΪϱ´󹦣ЮЩͯһ˫֮£ˣϵи޷еļ
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а룬Ǳ㾲䡣
ԯ㻹ж𣿡
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ߣһԶš
ԯ֮ͻȻ¶Ĺââֻһš
ڰϵĵȴУԯȴʲôҲûɻʱȴԯ˵ˣ㲻ŵԣԯɴʧءΪЩδ֮ǣȷǣϲŻѡԷΪ
ɫ䣬Ҳû뵽ԷȻҪвɰԷƻ
ԶţǱɱǡ
ϷȻ
ڱϵǰûκλɱǡ
ԯͻȻеĹʸ׼ʱҲов
ΪȻǿѵѾﵽΪˣΪķɼ£ҸܵĿ־塣
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ɣһ֮˲ɱ꣬ȴҲ޷ͬʱɱǶ˰ɣɱ֮ʱǳ֣һԶЩδ֮ǹв
Ϸŭĺ
𣿡
ԯָڿлԭĹͻȻ˶ʸ֧ʸ׼˰ϣȴҲܵ˾޴вһɫҰ׵ĵԯ
ϼҪˣֻһƬңôˣѾͶԷˣôһ¾ͱ仯ˣ
һĻҲǿĿɿڴԯ뷨ֱ֮⡣
Ҫ嶯
Ͻŵ˵ֻöԷļʸγɵȻʱƶԽԽǿڰ˿ǷɼɱԼ
ϱǲ嶯ģǣвϣҲұ֤һֱ侲ȥڣҪôˣҪôɱ㾡
ԯɭȻ˵΢΢ĪĻȡ
Ū顣
Ц̾ŻΪԯΪϧΪǣʱǻΪС
۴ĳֽǶ˵ϣԷһ츳ѵԷΪǵУҲδ𣬱ϾԼ̫µģд֮ʱ
ʮϢʱ俼ǣʮϢ㻹ûо˶
ԯ˵
ʱˣʱƣϸߺһҪ嶯Ӧˡ
ͯͬʱǴͷɥģԯȻûзеĹֻ뿪˵أɽ֮ϵ㣬һʹ󣬰ʱ֮ڣȥ
ͬʱӦŵʱԯ˵ЩͯҲΥ棬׷Ѹٵĳɽȥ
ԯɴδ֮˲ʧӰ٣ȴòֱԯĹҲԯĴ


1657 ȼ֮
ǴһͿһʱû뵽ԯɴĳҲԶ֮ˣ
ϴͷ̾ϢԵüΪġ
ˣ˵ĻԲʳԡȻѾǣСʱ󣬱ԻϵһΪ
ԯ̬˵
ʲô
Ҳɴʵ־ȫ£ȻҪԷΪ̫˼ˡ
Ե棿
Ҳ
Ȼ棬ϾԲûԯɴ֮˵ŵ
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Ҳȥˡڱϻûı֮ǰһҪ뿪
ԯ
ԷΪ뱾벻뿪ƺûʲôϵɣȻˣܲűǷ뿪
˵
ȥ֪츳ѣ㻹Ѱһؼҵ·Բڴ˵صģԣҳȫ㣡ȥɣϣԺǺʱΪ֮
ԯ˵˵
ʱ˿ֶ̣ԷԼкܴᣬԭΪԼǰһġ
ҲԸȥأֽΣ
ʵ
㲻ȥֻ
ԯ˵ͬʱɼѾ׼
һŭӿԯȻٴԷɼָԼֱѰ·
ף
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ܣŶôѾ˾磿
ȫţΪԶԷķɼʱͻȻоԼ˵СǷɼƻӿӣҲòţֻҪǷɼԼ޷ȫˡ
ˣһԯķɼʱҲûֺ޷֮ĸоһΣûаְڶԷķɼ
죡
аĺڷ֮к̱仯屾壬һղŵоʧ
ˣҲܸܵԯʵǿ󣬾з취ԼҲĹˡ
ԾͬʱԯҲ͵۾Է֮кԼѾ޷ϢˣҲζûʮİɱ
ҴʱΪԶԶĳôܻûаٷְٵİأ
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ɱңһβᣬһҲᡣ
ƽڿС
ԯЦһҡҡͷ˵ΪɱĴһ׵ġ
΢΢һ㶣ܿ˶ԷͼʵһʼЩɣֻǲŶԷὫԼ֮ء
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Ȼ˵
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ҾԲֹ㣬ҪԷΪһΪʬ
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ЩɵĶΪֻǽɺڶѣôԯķɼأ
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а룬ЩƮϾԯԷΪ֮ǰԼȻΣ֮С
ԯѾ޷Լʱ˿̵飬˵Ļԯʣµıֻб
ðɣ㲻ΪҲΪԯɴ帶ԼֻҪԾԯɴδ֮ǣʲôϵأ
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ಣ
һԶɽԯ£ľԵĹҲֻ뿪ˣڴ֮뿪ԯȻɽ֮
ϵӶҪֱˣĿЩʧԼǰйǿҵռиУԯûԷΪһЩһɶݡ
ɵѾͷ
аۿƣԷľĹעһˡ
ţͻȻһ飬㻹ǷһԣҲǱɵģɲȥԱɲƽ
˻һͬʱһ㶡
ֻԷΪѣֲһ㲻Ҫ¡
æ˵Ψڴʱ֦
죡
ԯͬʱȵðҲһƵĻӶˡ
ˣϲһУϲɱ㣬ѾǷʲôˣûʸҪ󱾳ʲôκ˶ǹƽġ
ԯԴǵ˵
ǺǣһֻҪĿԣɱ㲻⣬㲻ɱɣֻ㵥뷨ΪĿɱⲻܣԣʱԷΪΪǱɵġ
΢Ц˵ⷬ
ԯ뿪ڷȴЩ֪õηȻԼʱѾ¶˾ģɶԷȴȫ޵
ðɣ㲻˵ĬϱɵĻˡǸϣڿԹˣ
˻һԯֻεĿЦǰȴĲУŭ


1658 Ѫɷ
Сӣڱǰ˲񣬿ϧȴûвʸ㣬Ǳ°ܽţ
ûĺ
ҧѽʱߣȵԯɴĸǸϵ㻹ܻ𣿸㣬ԯԷΪԯɴгҲἯϣɡ
м˵˷ŵİϻһ
ԭΪԼνҪ´󹦣Ϊԯɴĵһźɸǣ˭룬ⷴԼ
ôһҪ뿪˵ء
뵽æںȵԯ㵽׻벻ŵԣҪԯɴǱʹ˱
ߣ
ͬʱĵҲ׼ˡ
ߣϾԲʳԣ
ԯȵ˫ͻȻԣڴʱһǰδеʥϢɢϢ˵ǿҲܵǿҵΣա
㲻ܾ
ȵֹܵɸոշԯ̸ܵ˿дľ޴ѹڷ֮УҲԾĿɿڴ
˲֮г嵽ԯǰǣȴǿҵǺϿյĽƻҪǿҵĶࡣ
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һ˲˺ܶ࣬ۿŷĹԽԽԽ
ԯס֣
鼱֮Ҳֹ֪Է
ԯһЦҡҡͷȻȼ֮壬Χʥâʢ޾Ҫ
ʱ׹ԭνԷΪζŻĿʼ
Ѿӵ˺ĽΧȴǽ赲һʱ֮Ҳ޷԰
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аִӷ֮жݳĳ嶯ȴָԼĺԼɡ
ڷ֮УҲ޷ųƴ͸κνƵڴʱʧȥԭеǵƾԯΧΪ޵ֵ֮
Ŀԯ䣬ȴǰĪε˵ܸо
ԯˣҴǰ˵صģ󣬳ûͨ˺ϿյĽƣҾԯɴΪС
֪ԷԼˣỹǳ
ԣԯҲɾһȫû뵽ڴʱ˿̻Ľ͡
үȻûмɽȣҸûɱɡôҲԲ˵ľ
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ΪʲôͣΪʲô֪ԭίǣѾûлͷ·ߡ
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˵ʲôأˣֻһѾ޼¡
а롣
ڴʱͻȻһΪص⣬ԯڴʱ䣬ôԯɴǾԲŹԼġ
䣬ûֱӵϵȴҲҶѰ˵أɽȵ˾ͲЮԯɴδ֮ǣˣҲҪԷΪ˵һжҶ𡣡
Ѱ˼һһݵӿļ䡣
Ļᣬٲ뿪㽫Զûл뿪˵ءԯɴǿ󣬾޷ģ߰ɣ
ԯʮƮĴҲζѾ䡣
Χ쳣ĳ㣬ֻȴǾԲտеΪЩԯɢġ
Ҫش֮ʱΧİ׹ͻȻʧӰ٣Ű׹ʧԯҲ׵ʧڿС
鳾վһˡ
в޸пԽܵı˫ۡ
֮ԶһļЦԯɴĶɵϣȻԷΪ
¡
ϿյĽͻȻһ죬һɫĹɫĹ֮УӰ
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ϾޱȵĹڵء
ѪɫâΧɵķΧɷΧУѪɫĹâһĳĵ죬Խӽĵ㣬ѪɫâԽŨ
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ѪɷɵĶǰһѪɫâֱǰȥ

ŭҲѪɷʲôˣŭ͵ĳǰȥ
һâһǵѪɫâηƵģȻâˡ
ѪɷаϸǰǸ״壬仯ɫһʱѩףһʱɫǹŹޱȡ
ǰѪɷûע֮оУ˿ͻȻעʱȥ
ԵֵɷѪɫâһķԲǷ֮Ѳɣһ
Ѫɷа
ļһȻΥѪɷˣһֱѰ·
޷ŭĺ׼ֽѵԷ
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Ѫɷĺȵ
лѪɷǰһٷ˴ǰʲôõµĵط
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Сӣﵽ׷ʲô飿ǿôǿ
ѪɷʵƺɣǱ㳯ǽϿյĺڶһâѪɷľѧֻҪѪɫâ֮Ҳ
Ѫɷǰ±ѾռƻЮԯɴδ֮ǣȴԯɴĳֹǳԯɴΪ츳ǿԯķɼ£²Ķ֡ΪЮԯɴδ֮ǣҲһԼıԸ
˵ͣһʱԼǻۣȴһȴСӣҪīٽ򣬱ɷ𡣡
һŨѪɫâֱӳϳȥϼŵĻɢȴֲҿѪɫâĽ٣ޱȡ


1659 
ϱϹϾʱеķͻȻҵһҫ۵Ľâ͵ԷΪĵ㷢ɢسҲ˰ϵĻ
ף
Ѫɷһֹ֣˰ϵĽͬʱעڷ֮ϡ
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ֻǼ򵥵رӣֻǷ֮ĲޣԷγ˴һ뷴Լ֮塣
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𣡡
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Ѿ֮Уӵֲ츳֮壬츳ǻۣȴҲһʱ֮䲻ֹ֪
ڻٵʧ֮ʱܸоԼ𽥵ĳգʮϢʱ䣬ڵĻٱԷ֮һ֮ࡣ
Ǻã
аڻʧȥ治֪õζԸǾֲ߱츳֮塣
㵽״ﵽʲôΪôɱɵĻ棿
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ֻһߣвһԷȻһϢҲԸ͸¶ԼڵĻɵٶʮ־˵ġ
ǱԷȫ˻ҵ֮Ҳһ޷ѣ⽫ζ֮ȫɣҲζ𣡡
ļˣΪڶ̶̵˲䣬ٱԷ֮֮һ֮࣬ǼȥԼؽ޷Ա
ڴʱ˿̣֮Ա뷨ˣǣԷ֮ͻȻڴʱֹͣ˶Իɣ˴Ϣʱ䣬ҲΪ֮һ
ôأ
ڵı仯Է֮ȻǴȭͷС֮Χãһɫϸ۲죬ЩɫǻγɵģңЩɫڲϵʵ廯Ҳڲϵ̡
ߺߣСӣϾҪˣ׼԰ɣԶҲûл˵ˡ
Ȼ˵Ĳš
ԶԷĹ̳˶ݵͣ٣ƶԽԽΣǽɫʵʻ£˴Ϣ֮
Ҳţ֮ǿҵı塣
ĺһĪ㺣ΣҲԲöԷԼȫϡ
˵֮ոǴ٣ΪѸײڶ֮Ļǣȴ̫͹ڵĻ˵֮崦ͣ͵״֮С
һݣ͵ķһŭ𣬾ڴʱ仯α壬ڷ֮УҲα塣
仯α֮ڵĻɱӣ˵֮Ҳɾû뵽ԷʵȻڴʱǣǻȻԴԴĳԼ֮ӿ
ƾ˵֮жôǿȴҲ޷ڶʱڽαµĻȫɵƾǿ˵֮ڣȻƶֺ
ߣǱģ֮岻еʱȥ
˵֮巢ĿЦ
¡
ͬײĳڴʱмȾŭû뵽ЩһﾹȻڴʱԼΪ̽ԵĽûжԷеκ˺ȴһȫµĿʼ
ǶԷﵽʵֻ¾зػҲĹӰ쵽뾡Ľһ֮ɵ
а룬ڵĻ֮Χס֮޷ֺ
ͣ
ǧƾնЩԼٶȳ֮е֮壬˵֮͵ķĲҽû뵽ԷַԸԼ
ԭֻ˵ֻ֮ʱȡĻʽȻԽָԷ֮壬Ǹķʽ֮һ
˵֮ӵвʵѾ൱ˣǵƾȫ߱ɵʵ
ǧĽײ˵֮ϣһ㣬˲㽫֮ʵʻɫķ顣
ǰŬΪУɵִ֮ƿ֮УȻҲһʼѣܿ죬˱׶Էжô̬ˡ
ǿĻ˵֮סȻʵʽϵĳһ˵֮ε飬޷ߣҲ޷γɵв
ôܻɢǿĽ
˾ĺ֮巢ҫĹâͼΧĻȻʱ˿̵ٶȴԵ˻
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Ի˵ǧͻȻʧӰ٣ȡ֮ȴһɫĽ
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һҾ徵ĲҽУǽɫ֮徹ȻһΪ

˵֮ͻȻʱ˿̣лںĪ֮屻һΪʱǿҵʹ޷ݡ
Ҳ㣬Ѱ·ˣ㲻ңɱ㣿ɻ
Ļش۽ٴնԷ֮塣
ɱģ֮岻𣡡
ͻȻǱնΪص֮ͻȻ£Ϊһ˲ϡ
΢΢Ȼὣ֮ٴնΪأڶԷûӦ֮ǰڶȻն£Է֮ΪĽء
ϵĿ죬նĿ죡
ȻЦԼٶȷָԷ֮壬ĹУԷҽвֹǲҽݵķŭޡ
Է֮նΪٶ֮ϵԷָܻν֮岻ȫǴ󻰶ѡ
Ȼֻһ˲Ĺ˵֮徹Ȼ»ۣ⵹ҲĿɿڴ
Ѿ˵ĺˣɱģɱ꣡
˵֮ЦȴǷŭѣ˲ָնϵ֮壬ȴҲžҵʹʹΪֲ
ٴξҵвɰż޷һ֮壬ҲԼ֮֡
Ҫ񣬱ɽɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
ŭ
Ѿˣ
˳Ц
ಣ
һŽɫ͵Ķ˳ӱ˵֮Ҫϲ٣ͨɫҫǿҵĽâ
Ȼһϲû뵽ԷȻ֮ԼֱӶԿһǸԼɶԷ֮塣
뵽ɶԷ֮ĺôв˷˶Է֮壬츳׵ҲȫԼ
ֹɲ㣡
Ψ֮岻ҳ˼
ಣ
ֱ֮ӳ˵֮ȥȻʮðգȴѾİ취ˡ

ȵ֮ͻȻڿγһŽɫ
֮徹ȻҲԽ壿
˳һвҴ⡣
ģһŽɫ˵֮Χסǽɫ˵֮һ޷ݵĿ־˵ӡ
죬֮徹Ȼɱ֮壡ⲻܣ
˾Ľе֮ƴҪȥȴǽɫ֣·ӡ


1660 ֮

ĸ֮ܵ屻ɵʹ뷴ȴöԷ֮ް취ǣ־ӣ֮ҲԽԽС
в£ٴεķģǣȴǶôĲ԰ΣҲİ
ףķô£ô˵ǿ󣿡
УѪɷעȫıɳ̽жǷԽȤˡ
ˣУ취ˣ
Ϲ˵ǴЩЦ⡣
ŶԭСӱУ˵СΪֻнʵɴ͸ϿյĽƣɷʶһ
Ѫɷ
СܺᲢۣСӲǻЩЬ䣡
æӿڵһڨЦ
ޣһƨǸ˲ţȴҲˣСһ
вм
Ѫɷ翴һ룬ʱĶŰϣȵϷʱŵĻɢ
ޣ˻ӣᵽǸһɣȣֱǶ˵衣ֻӻӣǸСӱ𣡡
ϼһЦ⣬ϵ˵ʵЩм޵ĻʵԼҲڹάѪɷ
ߣϣʲôֻǸƨˣ
Ϭķ˻һ̱ɫ
СӣѾڳƱɷΪˣǲǸʲô
ѪɷЦɺ˫۶ðͷƤ顣
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пУǣʱ˿̣Լ϶ԷΪԷһԥɱԼ
Ϊȴֲֹ˵˵ǰ򵥣оᣬԥ˲¶ȱסΪء
ʱһЦ⣬ףͬһ㣬Цðвϵš
һʧǧźްû뵽һֱʱȴˣɱ̾
ޱš
һʧǧźޣ˻
ѪɷͻȻʵ˻һɵˣû뵽ѪɷȻ˽Լ롣
ˣڸ̾ԯɴǸţû뵽سŵԱˣνһʧǧźްģ¶֮Ĺ޶ġ
æ͵
ߣģҲң
ѪɷЦ
ϣƺ԰ϵʮ⣬ΪڵҲϵ³ֻȴ簲ȴǳ˿ͷ
²˳٣Ͻץ뿪˵ء
Ѫɷɫ
ϲɿЦԯɴЩͯӵӰˣʱҪץˣڳ˵Ρ
ôץأ
Ѫɷŭ
һȴЩϲԭԷ˽Լȫ뷨ԼһЩܡ
ϽԵɽһѪɷȻѪɷһ֮䣬ֻԼͬϿɣָоֱ
дȻû֪ˣɷģ
ѪɷȻȵ
ˣС˸СѰ˼ţǸԯɴŻǼǧδ֮ǸҪ˲ʩչıȥ
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ԯɴˣŶ㲻һ񣡺ãϱɷΪķϣɷᱣ㰲ȫ
ѪɷѰ˼һȻᣬֻǷΧһǿڻơ
ˣǸ뿪ˣһԯɴԮϵ룡
Сѵ
죡ɷֻзִ磡ֵ죡
ѪɷȵѰ˼ҲȥˣȴЩǿеҫŹâķ졣
ֻҪʱһʱɷǿеܻһǿķԯɴԮҲûôٶȸϵ
ѪɷѰ˼
СӣȥǷץ
Ѫɷ

Ͽ˵ȴǷˣϾǸǷǳǿˣǰѾʶˡ
ಣ
ӲͷƤȥдŭʱɱ˰Ϊԯѩޡ

һŭ𣬷͵ĸٳϳײȥϱܣȴˣײϡ
ʱѾ仯α壬ʵѾ޽ڵοڷ֮УԷĳǿʵڰϡ
䣡
һײֻǰһƬڣ徹Ȼײ֮ңؿڸһѪȫû뵽Էķܷǿĳ
ף
Ѫɷ۾ֱˣֳϲ֮⣬ԭԷķǿΪԼãôǸΪǿ
˷ɷҪˣ
Ѫɷ˷ܵĺ
ߣ
һмߣԷΪ̫һԥɱ˶Է
ԯѾΪڿţΪʲôһֱɢ
ɻأΧòסɵĳ嶯ϾԯˣԼҲ
ĳϣԯ˵Ī㺣ȻҲͣںøеĽ׶ΣֻͻȻȴĲ̡


1661 ˷۱
ۣ
̲סһѪ㶵Ķſеķ죬ôҲ벻ףôͻȻǿˣȼǵǰԼ׷ŶԷĴӡ
ϣǶ˰С¶첻ã
޷̵
û˵ʱȻȻ֮С
ޣϣ
Ѫɷ
޵ͻȻڿб仯ܿһͷߴɵǣѪ¶ɭɭݡ
֮
޴һ˫צͬʱǰȥһɫ״˲һ㣬ܿĽס
ûܣв²ԷΪ밲ԶӦò𼶱ĸ֣ȻˣԼбҪ
СӣʹؼˣҪǿղڱԷײĿѪ
Щʵ˵
ɫ״ס󣬷ٵСܿ㽫ס޵һ״壬Ȼǿ֮նˡ
ץסˣ
û뵽̻˵ļ򵥣ԷȻܡ
ãߣ
Ѫɷͷ룬չ˿еЩǿ
գ
޴ȵҪ֮ͨǷСȻȴԸΥǷ첻ûСȴǴһȦҡ
ô£
Ѫɷȵ
ĪҪżһԴ
һ飬ǷȴԽԽĻȴΨѪɷĳͷ

޾ϹȻ취С
ǣ޸Ϊŭ鷢ˣǷ쾹Ȼ˿Լȴڿˤ˸ģӿˤµ棬޺òŭ
ⲻܣ𼶱ҲһԵֵ֮ڵļһô
޾㵵
ɷģԲŹģϣޣѪɷǻһһȥյ³
ӷ֮зȻΪ⡣
СӣͷӲ³ŻĪ˵ˣǱ꣬ҲԽɱһΡ
޲мĿЦ
ȴǳĬţ̵ֺȴûɱκΰգֻǿѪɷΪȻѪɷԸ
ãСӷֻǽڵʵȴ޷ԸǵΪǿһ㣬ǰĻᶼûУѪɷΪȴҲȱǿ̫࣬ǽ첻ɱպҵ֮ء
뵽ⷽ棬һս
Ѫɷûľ򣬴ʱֻ޵֮ô޷ԸһΪļһ
ޣǿߣ
ѪɷһϿյĽƣǰĺڶȻҪ
䲻ԸȴҲ֪ʱ뿪ˡ
ಣ
˲֮ͻȻһɾԼأеǾŭӣʱ
ߣʲôѪɷɥ֮Ȯˣɣɳһǵġ
Цӷ֮д˿̣Է뿪ֻҪȵԯɴĸָѪɷҲߡ
Ѫɷԥһ뽫ռΪУֵʱһҪԯɴĸ֡
ˣȾң
޾ֵȵʱΨֱѪɷ¡
֮ʮصһʩչȿסˣҲסԼ֮޵һƬģʩչףȥȴô׵ģҪʱſԳȥȻʱȴ޷Ҳ޷ȥ֮ǣޱ㴦֮С
ߣ첻ǲߣֻһ֣

ЦԭԷķסˣһ顣
ǳڶԷ죬ѪɷŲں޵ֻǾƾڱ뿪ˣδ̫ϧ
ޣɷ㣬׵˷
ѪɷЦһ䣬һƬѪɫâ֣޵ҲѸٻָѪɫֻҪ˳֣Լһоȡ
аֻһǿϮԼþȫȴҲ޷赲ɴ
Ѫɷһ֣޵Ѿ򶴿ڣڵķҲֱڳȥ
ɷȥȻʰСӣ
ѪɷЦ׼һ뿪˵ء

׼˳Ƴǰһ壬ȴǾֱ˶Աߵľֱ֮УƿǷͬСɣ𼶱ĸҲ޷״͸ȻķȴȻƣҪķѶѾǽ֮С
ˣ
޾ֻԼͻȻ˿ֲĽ֮Уָоֱ̫ˡ
ã
аȴֵĸ
Ѫɷĵɴ˫ۣû뵽Էһ֣ԼΪǿֻ¾ҪԷ޴ޱߵĽ֮С
쵰Сӣ
Ѫɷ˫Ļ裬ȴǸ޷е
˺ϿսƵ˾ͬһһ㣬һͷ˺ϿյĽ֮УѪɷΪȴҲ޷е
Ѫɷˣ˷ǶֲߣԼǾԻܵӰ죬ʱΪ⣬ҲҪȫ޾ȳ


1662 
ಣ
һɫ˿͵ĴѪɷлӳʵʰķס޵壬Ÿ
ȻѪɷô򵥣ϵںϿյĽƴţƾϿյĽƣѪɷҲ޷
޵Ѿ֮У޼ŵĻɢΪԼΪ뵽ǿֲĽ֮У֮١
ϺεĿһĻ˶Կ뷨ȴΪѪɷΪ޷ܡ
Сӣ㻹Цæ
Ѫɷŭ

æסޣпСΨֲ޵ĺ󳾡
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ѪɷӷٵתţʱѾ˷޵ĴˣȴʮֵĲġ
ޣס˻ġ
Ͽͷʾþȫϧһд۵ļơ
үҽôͷ˴أ֪ҾԲʹ֮
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Сӣɷ
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ѪɷŭвɺˣԼӦ÷ģ򣬸ղѾ˳ȥ
ݵʮѸ٣ѪɷҲڣֻ˳ݵĶڣȻܵķƣȻڽ֮⡣
λôˣѵԯĸָ𣿡
Ϸʵӽд
ˣô죿
мˣΨѪɷڴʱԼ
֮УҲѪɷӵŴ͸ϿսƵȻҲδؿɵĴ͸ơ
ˣܴ͸ƣԣвżޱȣ޲ýԼѪɷ
ѪɷҲˣŬһ󣬷ֻ޷вٴ˷Ĵ㡣
ˣҪſңȾң
ƺµѪɷͼİ
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ѪɷԸ
֣֮ͻȻʶԼ⣬ϿյĽѾˣԼָζݳأ
δУƾڽ֮⣬޷ݵĿ־ʹࡣ
СӣޣɷȥҾȱ
Ѫɷһ˵ΧѪɫâͻȻСɷΧڣȻ͵ĳ˺ϿյĽ֮С
ˣ
ȴ޲ȴΪǽĸ졣
ߣûôף
ȵ͵ĳѪɷķȥ
һѪɷķȥΨޣֻܱı뵽ޱߵĺڰ֮С
ϿյĽ֮УޱߵĺڰѸٵĽɣǿУΪûдﵽ𼶱𣬸ԳϿյĽơ
Ѫɷ֮ԸҶԳϿյĽ֮УȻԵɵģѪɷΪƾһ֮ԳƺϿսƵķ̲ôɣȴҲкܴϣġ
Ѫɷ֮кѪɫâҲޱߵĺڰڸˣٶɷ״̬ͣҪǰУٶȴ½򱶲ֹﲻ˲еٶȡ
һĸѪɷϿյĽƣ֪ϿսƵǿһͶڰ֮УҪǰѾ
ҾԲڴ˵أ
зĵĺ˫ǰ죬ƺͬˮһ㣬ҪץסʲôⶫֻǸƼҲԲŹ
ã
ѪɷаоһֻץסԼĸ첲ʱ˿̣ѪɷҪԷȴҲԲô׵顣
˷һȱɷطһСʬΣ
ѪɷаҲֻ֣ǰǰУֻǣΪֵֻԵʣѪɷٶԽˡ
֮УȴԽӦΧһУԿ˵λãϾڷ֮У巨
ѪɷǰٶȣҪһµʱܳϿյĽƣڴٶȣҲһ֮Ҳ޷͸ϿյĽơ
а룬Ѫɷʱٶȣһ£ҲǸ߿ˣο֮УѱϣҪȥʵ̫ˣǰϣԳϿյĽơ
һ۸ޣаһ֮ˣȻԷĹЧû̫Ӱ죬ȴԼ߶һΪǿļһǸء
˿޲ұ޷ǣҪɱȴ̸ף
˼ţƶԷΪٴﵽ˴޽ɺڵΪԼոմﵽ޽ɳڶѣӽɵ޽ɣͬһУÿһ׶εʵԶ򵥵˵ԽɳڵΪܽɺΪԶԶȴ޽ɳڴܴ޽ɺΪҪ򵥵Ķࡣ
ǰǸˣʧȥ²űɣȴ⵽˷ɣҲв˿⣬ǰޡ
ಣ
ŷ죬ԼٶͻϮѪɷѪɷ𾪣ͬʱܵ˺󷽵ĹΪȻѪɷȴ㣬ҪȴҲ޷쵽
¡
صײѪɷϣƵıըι֮УҲʧȥĿ꣬Զޱߵĺڰ֮С
ķԱɷڵΪҲֵס
Ѫɷа屻ײʮɣֻȴѪɷ뷨൱ǶԷӿԼǰٶȡ
ڶι󣬷ֶԷԶԼԤ֮ϣǼȥֻ½Էײ˺ϿյĽƣװױ˶Է
ף
һȻֶԷǰٶҪ࣬һ˼ʲôԵʡ
һãһģ
֪ԼĹܻΧĽƲӰ죬ƵǿȣǶʮֲȻҲֳֺõ顣
ಣ
ڽ۵ƶڳ˺ϿյĽƣֻȴڽ֮С
ζԸأ
˼ţںϿսйԷֿƻϿյĽƣǽϳϿյĽƣȴֵĲǶԷĶ֡
ԥ֮䣬һǿϢͻȻӲԶ˹Ϣ֮ǿΪɵ۽٣е󾪡
ʲôԯǹôûɢ
ޱȣǹƺûɢĸΪǿһȫϳ߼
ԯ츳Ҳ̾硣ѵû䣿
һ룬вɰϲ
ӦòܣʩչȼֻѾ𣬼Ѿܸ츳ٺãҲ
¶ЩɬЦ⣬ȻǹȴһֱڳУ֮󣬿еȻԼٶתתٶȻ죬֮ԽԽ졣
һͻĿ˷죬иƣ֪׻ᷢʲô飬ڷ֮Уû뿪Ƿ֮ء
еϵתţٶȴﵽһº󣬽ȴֽмγһɽɫĹâЩӵ޾
Ī֮壬Ļδ䣿
мǶԷܹڴʱԼε顣
ɫĹâ𽥵γ΢СĿ״壬Щ΢СĿ״ٴ飬ܿγ˱ȽϴĿǽâ֮УγһĴָСĽɫںˡ
û֮飡
Ѿȷԯû䡣
ɫںԽԽʱΧѸٵıں֮ϣ̲ȴγ˷
ǽɫںΪģ˵صƬռ䣬޴ڣеĽںڴΧͻ䣬һȴֻΪǽɫںˡ
죬Ҳ
̾ȴǲõЦ⡣
ԯǲȡʲôֶθģԿҲ벻ԾͲˣϾ磬Ҳȥˣܶ¶ûȥ͵ģֻҪڣڵĵ
СղĿǹϣȴرĲֵá֪֮󣬻᲻һΣߣѾ˲֮塣
ҵš
ɫں˫ȭСʱΧͻȻȵܿ죬һģӰӳڿУӰϿͻȻγСΧĽ꣬ˮģӰϺ󣬽ԱС
ѹ˵Ůˮģ⻰ʵ֤ˣ
к𾪣˫ۼҪɳۿڼ֤漣ʱܲ
һ˫εĴڲһУ˵ĻĵˮεۣӰͣڴ֮Լٶ޸
һͷںڵĳԯͷʱҲѾͣһг䶨ʱ鲻ԽŴͣǰԯ
ֻǣ˻ǳһ㣬Ǵģûиı䣬ȴǱˣˣԯ
֮⣬Ӿеȴԯ壬׾ϸļȥƣǼ֮ϣմȾžӨˮ飬忴ȥ˵Ĵࡣ
ŮǸ룬Ǿ˵ĸƣƽ̹ĶӣԼ΢΢ЩȵСҲԳĸо
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Ұο˵ĵǿ־ֳǿзԼӾˣ֮䣬һĨɫѪҺѾ˴֮䡣


1663 Ĳ
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аһȻ󻺻ı˫ԺȴȻԯǴɫޱߵĻ档
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˾ţҲ䡣
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Ҳ𣿡
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ɶһûղžڴ˵أһˣ
ԯжٸ޲Ҹضȥ
ԯϣû뵽㾹ȻνѲк󸣣ϲϲ
֪㲻ǱӲͷƤЦ
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Ƿ֮УǲǿԿΣ
ԯ΢壬֮͸һɷŭ֮ɫ
ǵģҿԿ㡣
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ᣬҲǹģֻǱˡ
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Ҳû뵽ԷȻΪ˿޵ģ֪ˣԼӦ֮ǰ֮УҲҪ˲ôľ档
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һİȹŮ棬ڿзĳ浱ʮֹ죬ڶԷ޵ĴҲЩĲ̣зΪˡ
ްɣŮ˿ްɿްɲʲôίģĵģʹĸо޳ɣ޹Ҳùһ㡣
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ȻǶԷһˣҲıе뷨ϾѪᣬֻԷһŮĿֻҼĸо
ʱƺԯĿͣˣŶԷĿտĿУԯͬһ׸裬֮ݡ
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ڴ˴
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뵽ģǷ֮ϱһȻʩչ֮ˣЩԶڽ֮Уǲܿҵġ
뵽ԯһҲƽ
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ѵǰϽ˽֮УǣǰϵΪҶ磬һֱںϿյĽ֮Сȼ֮ѵģѵƾƤӹڰ´
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ߣ
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ѪɷźϿսƶܿ챻һŨŨѪɫ֣зһЦȻ͵裬һζʱΧ


1664 Ѫ
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Ѫɷ
ԯд󾪣ν˵ӰѪɷѾ꣬ԯв֪֮
Ѫɷԯı飬ԷȻԼſ־塣
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СѾͷɷ㾹Ȼ򶨣Ҳϡ֣ɷҲһС
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1665 
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ʹ޳ȫȻΧǿҵɽ緢
Ҳϧѣֻ˵ѰУȴʼδѰҵԯʬƬ֮壬˸ûз֡
ԯһ㣬Ȼʮ֣ѾΪΪһжǡѪɵľ޴ΪѾ䡣
Ѫɷӵδ֮ҲҪҵ㣬Ϊȥԯ𣡡

ԯɴڳĳҲͬʱеһʱ䣬ǿɱ죬ѹ˵ɽ緢ɵơ
ԵĹУϡоһɺڰů֣ůĺڰɵĵֵ˷֮ϴľ޴
Ҳ֪˶ãĴӻѣɫ۴͵ĹȻԼһƬ̵ĲݵأΧһƵɽ

鲻ԽĺԺϡ֪ԯѪ֮Уʱ뵽ĵһͷԯôˡ
ΧһƬݵأݵزԶһϪϪԣʯᾣȻ˵ɽȡ
ܣȴûԯڵκϢвɵĲѡ
ףҷŻڷ֮Уȴڴ˵أôͻȻʧأ
боȣʼٻ죬˲ˣڷ֮ȴûκ˴ڵļ
Ӧ˾ңӦûѪС
а룬ԼȻȬʱαֵ̬ģԻ󲻽ˡ


1667 Ů
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ʱ˿ַ̣һΪϲ飬״󣬺ȻԼΪȻͻͽѾֱӿ˴޽ɳڣ˴޽ڵΪ
ɽԽԽѣﵽ޽ļҪѶȿ֪Ȼȴǰ̾Լ̫ˣֱ˹ʺˣԼĻ˯УȻˡ
һֱ׷ǿʵ߶ԣܹĻᣬֱ飬ֻʱ˿̣ȻڵԯİΣǿаסչĳ嶯׼ȸ׷ʲô顣
Ϊнڲݵϣ˫ʱעΧһһľİĵطһпǶôҲҷ˿ľԡ
ߵϪʱȻûзΧ˴ڵκμ󣬴˴ɽȣǸɽôҲԯɴĵԶˣԽԻԼںδ
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Ե޹ʣƽգȻȴ֪Լںδһ˼顣
ҡͷЦʱȻЩã֪Լȥδӡ
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һڹ˾֪˵ԷȴҲòΪ֮

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һȻݣôҲŸղŵһԣʵ̫ˡ
ԯ׷Ī
ʲô˼ѵʾûԵ𣿡
ԯ׷ʵ
Զһ㣬Ҿˡ
æ˵
һŭ֮ɱ㣿
ԯƵʵ
ðɣҳһСıƭˣղŵĻǸԣʲôѪģѳ飬ƭҵġ
Ц
ô֪ԯһڱˣ̲ʲô֤֤˵ѣ
ðɣҸղҸһҲΪѳ顣
˵߹۲ԯķӦ
춼ңֻԼˡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ԯ˲ơ
ǰɣ
뵽ԷͻȻ˲ƣʱҪ֮УȴҲЩˡ
Ϊ㹻Ʒˡ
ԯȰĳߣһƣ͵ڣֻΪȻʧӰ٣һݵĿ־С
㲻ɣº
Ц
ڿʼҪʶһºҲŻ
ԯĮһǰһԼѾֻص֮С
ԯ˫ֻ裬䱻һذɫ֣֪õĽƣҪ˵أƳʩչĽơ
ұ֮£ȴ޷ӹѵ⣿
кΣ¼ơ
ԯ߹Ľ񴲣ʱͬᶯľżһ㣬ֻƾԯڲƴҪԷֹͣʱԯȴǷʶĻ
Ҫ£Ҳûа취ΪҲһĻᡣ
ԯ˵Ȼ壬
ʾұˣԺ󻹻һ̫ˣû뵽Ķʹ谡
ûһᱻ˹ŮɣȻԷһƷŮ⻹ʮֲӦֵֹֹĸо˵ǿ־塣
ࣣ
ԯãһڡ
һɴŮķҷϢֱϢ޷ȻŵԯϴϢһԸܵϱ׵о
ҼӢӡ
ԯпһȻҲżĽԼͷɢһͷٲĳɢķ˿ķϣоġ
ˣҲ޷
Цı۾֪ԤеҪ
ԯҲܾᣬǿķʽöԷԼֺαأɼԯҲڴ˵ʱ֪￪ʼ
һ¡
뵽ԯ΢΢ĵͷĽӣС쳯չȥ̫ţԯÿҲ֪ѾǺ˵ġ
۾ȴҲŵԯϴζζϵĴսҲЩš

пУһݵĸодԯ촽Ҳôɿڡ
ϵĲƽ⣬Ҳû̫ܣϾҲ֪Ů޷ʱ򣬻羡ܡ
ģɬǣһֻ롣
ˣʲôҲˣ£Ҫǻԥԥһ𣿡
аǸɴ۾
СƯ
鲻Խţޱȵԯ֮Ů飬˵ġ
̫ˣҪһ᲻˼ġ
ԯæ˵Լ챻˹ŮˣԷȻ᲻˼
ߣҾǲ۾ô
۾˭֪ԯȻһֻ֣ķĶͷϣһҲ͵ס۾
ʱʹʶȻǿԿԯΪԷˣʱҲֻܱ۾
ԯס۾ٴ촽һʮϢɬǣǸĸоȴȫһ
ǣ̫̼ˡ
ѾĸоԼռˣǱԷ
ԯҲ֪ʲôˣ룬ǻĽ⿪ϵİȹܿ죬ֻʣ·һкԯʼϵĳۡ
Ӧüս׵ģڵҼֱûκηˣôǸˣҲԿ
ų۱Է⿪̣ϡԯҵ
⿪һ˵·ԯԣȻǴϽΣͷһΡ
£ԯԥһʲô˺þãȴǲ֪øʲô
ڴʱȴֶԷֻסԼ۾ûһж
ǰ࣡
аЦ
ڴʱоͷϵֻƿˣǱܵ˫ۡ


1669 ֮
ۣ
۴ԯ˫ֻأ΢࣬ͬӰηηѾһƬͨ죬Եʮֵ
ԯȥʮֵĸ˫סĵطֵ֣˸ʣģ֮˫ۡ
ɫ𪣬ĸԣԯԱ֮ΪƷŮˡ֮⣬ɬǲĶǡǡ
ܹԯǸʮִŮӣǳ
ԯ壬ƶǰȻʼȥ⿪·
ԯ⿪֮ͻȻŵľгͨ죬Ҳû뵽ôֵĶ
ʲôԯĪʲô
Ҳû뵽Сֵܱܵ˸ʣԯʧУеԽԽڴˡ
Ҫ£Ҫ£
ԯаԸԼ̬ܿһοʼӽ
Ƶ鷢ˣȴԯ񴲣ȻԼ£һֽԼסȻûĶ
Ȼ˯ˣ
ԯȵĺвԽɻˣѵԷΪԼһ𣬾ǹԲ
ãԯ۽ëڲˣǴһĨӵЦ⣬Ȼٵһϵȹӡ
һй֮ˣѾһ԰ˡ
ԯ΢Ц˵֮⿪ϵ
ĬĬ˼һԯмȺֺЦû뵽ԯ˵棬ѵΪһ˾ˣҲ̫Цˡ
Ҫȥ
ԯҪߣǱʵ
뿪
䵭˵
㲻Ҫ뿪ΣգڵΪ޷Ա
ԯ΢΢ü
ȻҵΪΪܸÿԱ˰ɣ
΢̣Է̵˵
ҡ
ԯ˼ֹ
˵ʲôŵ飬оԼҲŶԷѾӽ޽ӽˣֻ뿪˵ء
ݺűշУ֮󣬵ִһƬ֮أ⴦ֵĵطԼ߾Ȼ޷͸ΧʶͬʲôƵġ
ԯɴһϵûУԯɴ֮ıֱС׼ףƬӦԯɴ֮⡣
Ѹٵķ֮ǰ
㲻̫嶯ƬطǳΣա
ԯɵߣЩŵ˵
ڵʲô
ܾЩԷˬҲΪԯǰ顣
һŮסȻ㱻ŮɣǸŮƯҲȻвƽ⣬ϾΪһˣʮҪġ
ǣΪԷĵҲõļƽϣοƽҲĶ֣ǻ粻֮ƽϡ
ڵ㡣ҺҪǴƬǿĴڣЩˣڵӦġ
ԯֿ˵ΨԼ
ֻһ۱㿴˶ԷĽţȻж滰ֻɲһηΣյˣΣ뱻Էˡ
ڴʱͻȻйӿĸоΧ֮Ƿӿ壬Ȼӿ֮ȴǡġ
ˣ
һĶҲһû뵽һֱŵĽڴʱԼ
˭˵
ԯ󾪣ɽȻɻޱȵĶ綢һ
ɣ
Ȼ˵ȴһâն콣ڼɶ
ллˣ̫֮ˡ
黶ȸԾ
һ˵ķɽ
ԯĿɿڴԺл˰죬ɴĴ峤Ҳӵл˵ɽ
ӵɽⲢ⣬Ȼӵʶɽϡ֮ӵнɽǷëǡ
ϲ㣬Ȼӵн顣
ԯ΢Ц˵
лл
Ļشһ̧ͷǡÿԯǿջЦģвΪ֮һʹ
ӵн飬飬ǣĽֻǷɽĽ飬ҪΪɽĽ飬ɹʽǳ֮С
ԯС˵ü˳۵ĲҿǷծ
ͦɰġ
ԯڿԣ˻شĻ
ԲҴˣҲǹģֻһԲģԭҡ
ԯͻȻſǻ˵ԴӾǼºû뵽ԼĹϵԽԽ䵭ԯѪ
ĬĬŮƭԼĿĲǺԼȻղԼϹҲס˼ǱŮӣţԼռ˱˲Ŷԡ
ռ˱Կԣǲ̫һʱҲ׷ԯʱԼио
ȻиоǾĿԣһɹˣŮ˾ͽԼģôǰʲôⶼΪȥһСҲᱻ


1670 ɽ
ˣôɰŮôأ
Ц˵ԼҪǰӣôܻ쵽ɽԣʲôϣʱͬʺһЦ
ѽ
ԯϲ̧ͷǡ΢ЦôҲͻȻԼı̬ȡ
ҪǲϲңԺ󲻻ǿġ˵ģᣬǻ粻ϲ㡣ǣ벻㣬ԣ뵱ԺͿ߱ˡ
ԯˣȻֻ뵱Ļ
ǺǣһˣһŮ˱һ𣿡
ЦǺǵ˵
⡣
ԯ޷شֻܰԼ޴Ȼһ˵϶û
Ůˣʱһһˣô̾ͻûޣҲѹ˵еŮˣޡ
ҪţҿЦġʲôӣϣҲں˻ţΪӶֻԼǲһ̻Ҳı䡣
ԯѹ֣͵
ӦˣҿԵԺԸˣ
ԯȸԾ
ǰɣô׷ԯɴĲţôôϢأ
˵
ǺǣȻԲںӣΪβΪı䡣ҵ׷󲻴ֻҪܺһСԯɴ壬ҲܲˣΪѾԶԯɴ壬һƬİ硣
ԯЦ˵
İ磿
ͻɴ˵أԯĻиӿ϶Լһȫµ硣
Īɽ磿ϵɽ磿
Ժиͷпϲѣû뵽ԼһֱѰٵɽ磬ʱԼǰ
ڰؼⱾ齫Ǵ˵صģѵͷĿľΪԯƬط
Ѱ˼ţԼѾΪӣǸͷ¡
ߣһǿˣҪͷˣҽҵӣд
а롣
ʲôأôȥôŹ֣
ԯĴ˼ά
룬ҺεºܣȻ
Ц˵ԯͬһۡ
Ǻǣ
ԯֵЦЦ
ʱͻȻ뵽һ⣬ԯԯɴѾǲţŶʮ겻ѾﵽڵΪݳɾͣǰ޹ˣ߰ɣЩɵ֮ԯֱˡ
һţ뵽֮˳ĵطΪչǸΪ٣꣬Ȼӵɵ۵Ϊ
ǰ;ңҲһĳɾ͸ߡһŮһǿһ죬Ϊ޿ɱߡ
ԯһŹֵЦ⣬ԯзë֪ԷôͻȻѵ뷴ڸԼɣ
㵽ʲôأЦôģ
ԯʵ
Ǻǣﵽʲôط
ϺָܿȻЦ⡣
һİ֮أɽ硣
ԯЦȻ˵֮ʱѾΧ̽һԽƬ˵ϮǵĿУҵ֪˵ɽ硣
Ŷԭ
΢΢ͷȴһϲ⵱̤ЬٴȫѹɵıѾɽ硣
ڴʱһâӲԶ
Ľ龹Ȼǻֱۣ˷˼
ԯɴ˫Ŀд㵡
Ѿֲ֣ϾԼĽɷǷʱٿطɽʵϡƽ֮¡
飬ʲô
ʵ
ˣն콣ԣɽ磬һ˽ǿɽ
˷ܵĻش
Ϊ֮һ㶣㵵ԯһۣ˽ԴӶԷп˾֮ɫ
ʵ̫ˣӵнİܿӵɽˣɽԶԶҪǿͨɽ
ԯϲԽ˵Լͷһ㡣
Һǿɲǲһ㡣ãѾﵽڵΪҪ㣬ȴǺˡ
Ц˵
ԯаԸˣϾԼĿ
ûϣΪ࣬ɾԲܹ׷ϵĲࡣ
ԯ
ΪһӵߣսǿߵĶûУֺαسΪߡڲڣûгΪɵۼǿߣΪηеأһпǰﵽɵ֮Ϊ
˵İⷬڿЦ
ҵǰﵽɵ֮ôĿãǾƣ˭ȴﵽɵ֮
ԯȻ˵ϾǰУΪʵ̫ˣԯԽš
ͷȻն콣ʱն콣âţܱߵ֮ٶ֮죬ԯҲǾޱȡ
һҪմﵽɵ֮Ҳһԯ
аڿбĿĿ


1671 
ڱ£ٶѾʮֿ٣Ȼ״̬£ʱٶȴҲŵˡ
ʱͬĺޣΧٶ˲ﵽ˴ûйĸ߶ȣٶȱԯɴʱʮֹ
ԯ˫Ⱦն콣γɵֱı̬ٶ𾪣һ̣ıҲԯе֮ġ
ԯҲʼڿбչ󣬿ַ̳֮ƣŴ˵ӿֱ̬ٶǱ˿ˣֻ»ˡ
ն콣֪ʲôʱѾƬ֮Уķ£ƬȻʼ˹ƶƬͬܵ˾޴ֱӿ롣
ģһŰɫĻɢ˲㱻룬£ڵġǰδеٶΧ
ҲʼڿлǰƮǳƬʧһֵԯĿɿڴӰԯ
ҴﵽڵΪٶҲһ졣ȻֱˡҵҪ쵽ʲôز
ԯɴֹͣȻĬĬĸ󾲹䡣
£Ȼɽĵһд붨ľ磬ıֱ̬ԯ
ԯܹܵΧѸټ٣ܸܵǰѸʧ£ԯһֱĳǰ
ѾһˣУĪ±չ
ԯвɸпһǾԲ¶״̬˳ʱģû˻ǷǳΣյΪ
ʱţȻ⵹ԯҲЩȵĲͷˣʱֻ΢΢۾ץʱȻҪԯʱ״̬ѹ
ȥˣвϵǰУԯΪҲͻͽֻﵽڵΪͻƣʮѵˡ
ԯԼ£Լܹ֮ȫԴڶ򣬶ڴﵽڵĹõ˼㡣
һȼ֮ΪͻȻڣĳɷִڣˣԯɸ̾Լ̫ˡ
ڵִ֮˳ɽԯ꣬ͻƴʱΪзǳңԶľ룬Ҳ֪ʮ󣬰ûпͻΪ
ԯ޷ýƣΪӰ쵽ȻΪҪΪҲƱӰԯʱ˿̣ԯŷԼȻĻ
׻ҪãŻҪ꣬ǧ֮꣬ðɣ
ԯٺõģʱҲЩˡ
ԯҲȫȫıչأǰʱҲԵֻǣʱᾪѵ״̬УʱʵЩ԰
ֹ˾꣬ԯڷ쳣֮ˣʱǴڶ״̬֮Уֶֻ״̬Ҳ̫ˡ
ҲϣڵΪ
ԯȵзңһİ֮ճ䷢
һ죬ĽâͻȻʧӰ٣Ҳڴʱޱ޼ʵͻȻ䷢žһ˲䣬еͬʱӿ֮Уڶһ㣬Ȼе
һʱ̣ԯ֮ӣȴҲ仯ˡ

΢΢һ£תͷԯЦЦ
ˣ
ԯϲ㲻һ˵ȴˡ
ಣ
һѾԯߣٶ֮죬ԯҲֻǿ
ڵΪӦôˣﵽ˴޽ɺ𣿡
ԯЦʵ

ͷ˵вɰЦԼһɲһô򵥵顣
һ󣬷ԼΪԶԶԼĹƣԼľ츳ŵˣʱıչУܴﵽ޽ɺڣѾǿԽܵˡ
˭֪ԼѾԽ˴޽ɵľ磬Ȼֱͻƽֱ֮ͬ漣һ㡣
αڵ£Ѿʮսԯαս״̬սӵаٷ֮ٵġ
飬һֱڶɽ
һۿҫŽâɽɻʵ
ǣˣ˵ǿ£ɽҲӵ˸ǿʵ
ش
ԯһ̽飬Ǿ˵죬ķɽȻֱӴﵽƷľ磬⼸ǲܷ飬ƫƫˡ
׼ջɽ֮ʱǰѾӰ㿣ǳһȺڵˡ
һǿϣȫʧʱ˸Ͼ˵ط̫ˣЩͣǰʱѸٵɽ
˵ңŵĵ̣Ǻηˣڴ˵أ
һĶŶˣƵ˵
ԯ̽һ󣬵²ɻ󣬼ǵԼ֮УأȻʱˣΪȴǷǳ֮͡
ʦ֣ʧˡ
һѵ
ϻ㵱ʦֵ۾Ϲ˲ɣ
߲˵ȻĶˣ̽Է˺вɰЦѡ
ԯһۣȻĵ˵ΪͼʱԯΪɱЩ·ߡ
λ¶˾Ǹ֮Ǳˣ﷢ʲô飬Ҳö֪
ȭ˵һƬЦ⡣
ԯЩɻ󣬲ΪζһȺС˿Գơ¡ѵҪ
һб۾ֳһĨЦǶԴңŵɽصأңŵĹأôɽߣ
ôô˵Ҫɱˣ
΢Ц˵Էȫǲ֪ԼǻᣬһҲϧ
ССɣʸɱɵľɸһ˶ϵĻᣬһɳ֣ǽĺܲҡ
߲мĿЦ
ʦ֣ɱǣ̫ˡʦΪɱǸеģŮĿţϿˬһˬˡ
һ˵
¸£ʦǣ
ߵЦͬһˡ
С椣Ŀˮ鰡֪һ˫޵ĸоǲǺˬأƣС椵زǽһ󰡣
ʿˮ˷׷׷ĿЦ
һȺСȫ֪
ԯЦһԼȡЩ˵Ĺ
ҲЦˣЦʮֲãȻԯȻҪصĴۡ
ӣȥɱ

ϻûãȻǲ֪¿ɾͲˡ
ٺһЦĿǰ
ڴʱǰʮ˷һ˿󣬺Ե㶡
СӣԼ˶ϣҪүүŰɱ㣿
˵ЦûнΪѾﵽɺڵΪΪʰһɳڵ˾ͬһֻһ򵥣ȻֻһԸ뷨ˡ
ˣã㣬ɱȺ֪ļһ
ԯ
ĪҪżαЩһƽأˣҺ񿴵һˡ
Ӧ
ʦ֣﷢ʲô飿
æʵ
ʦܣ˴ңţȴ֪ʦָòɱأ
ЩƵ˵
ʦ֣Բӣ˵زңŵĵ̣ûɱǵɡ
˷Ե
ʦ֣ô˵ѵǹʦԣ
Դŭʵ
ӣʲôʦ˵ǻòͷˡ
һŮӵŭ
һһаˣһʮˣ˫Ӫƺ໥Էˬ
ˣɱ죡
ŭһ˵ֹͣ
Сӣ㴦뱾ԣΪʦ㣬ͿŵΪΪˡһǱʦֵַģôǣ顣Ҫʶ࣬뿪˵أ򣬱ʦֶ㲻
һı֮˫лҪ
ʦ֣ʦΪ㾹ȻһңǲҪ죬ҹܶˣҪɱǶλѣǾɱң
˸޾ߵвȻ˵
λѲһҪϾɱǶңŵ
Ԯһ仰ֱţҪ˲ɱ
ѷģбڣ˭Ҳ˲㡣
˳ŵȻһ֣˷׷׵ǰ
ߴûԷȻԼа壬ʱдŭЦһɢŨŨɱ⡣
ܺãϵ㵨ô󣬽죬Ҫǲÿɡ
ָŰЦ
Ż˭㵱Ŵģʲô·ɾһ˿ɫ
ԣ˿á
Ǹ磬Ϊ˶İˣһֵ𣿡
ŮӿЦ
ŮһʣʱʳеɻȻһʮֿ϶˵ֵãһжֵá֮κҪ˳һǻᡣ
ҾԲ˳һһֱ׷Ǹ硣
Ůӵ̬
ҵ׷ʦ֡
Ҳ׷˵һ֮⡣
ŭЦָŶԷ֮˺·ϣһ᲻ú
ߣ˭ҵɱ⣡
˰Ȼ˵׼뿪˵ء
ģɽүүģĺܲң
ߣ˭㣡
˵νֻбɱ⡣
ҪǳˣһΪ㹻ɱһȺˡ

ǵģû뵽Ϊǽѣ
ԯͷȻΪβսپ
ȥɣ
߱ŭɱˣеķɽ޾ɱŭ
ಣ
һǡôĶ˶ԷĽ


1672 ʦͷ
Ѫɫ˫ͷߣ
ߵһУһ޴˫ͷ߳ڿУβ˫ͷȥͣȻȴǻû֮ʵѪɫ˫ͷߡ
С
ЦһһȻֱӿ˲ơ
ߴ󾪣û뵽ԼڵΪȻ޷̽鵽Է˲ƹ켣Ǽæ
ǣһжԵ̫ˣ˵ٴγʱеɽѾ޽ӽߵĲӡ
䣡
һ֣ߵͷ­ɳԶ۾ɵôҲԼΪԷɵɱԼ
ӣ
׼һһǿҵİâֶ֮ܵȥ
߾ʧǣ֮ݣȴûϵԷȻԼ֮ҲŹһʱ֮䣬㱻ŵĻɢ
ǿ쵲ס
߶ݺݵ
ǣһ֮䱻ɱסˣ˵ðΣȥߡ
˽ԲҶһ֮ȴʼӲѶԷƿأĿҪ뷨֮Уʱźڲѡ
ʦܣҪҵ֮壬ұ֤ҲˣҰɣ
ǰޱȵߴʱͬܵĹһҲûˡ
ȿɾɻ
ֱӽߵԪ뷨֮С
ʦܣҴˣҰɣ㣡
ߵ֮岻ϵķʱͻȻתͷ֣ΪǸ𣬻Ǹ÷֮壿
ԯԽˣȻδɽ磬ôʶˣοڼ˺󣬶ƺûдк⵹ԯЩ׽͸
ߵ֮㶵ĳĬˣû뵽ԼȻһУ˻ܹԼвˣԼǱɡ
Ѫ𣿡
ʵ˸һеĸо
û˿ĳɣֻ΢Цҡҡͷ
Ƿɣ
΢Ц˵˶ЩţϾǰɱȴǲ֮ƽϣؽ󣬲֪˵ɵ֮ˡ
лѾ֮ˣǰе֮ѶõűɵĵطѿڣһᾡΪ֮
ߵ֮Ϊ˵
Թˡ
ˣдŭȴֲҶ˵ʲô
Щ׼뿪ʱȴָźЦһ£
ʦ֣ҡ
ﻹǰţɥڿɪɪ
ʦѱﻹܾ㣬Ϊ֮ɣ
ߵ֮Ц֮Ȼȥ
Ҳ뿪ȴ˵ԼǰЩǰ¡
ʦ֣Ҷͬʦֵܣ̫ͷһΰɣ

ƿʦУǾɣ
˵
λѣǰˣôǵ⣬ǣⶼʦģ޹ءλ֪£Ұɣ
һİûڡ
ϣΪأ
ԯһӣԯֻһ˼ͷѧ˵Թˣ´ٸڱǰɱ⡣
лѡ
ϲܿʧԭأãʱͷΨֶԷ׷ԼƵġ
ǿԻȥˣλ̸
˶
ʦ֣Ϲֲɱֻȥ״ʱֻǻᱻʦŴ
һŮЩǵѵ
õģʦзִ磬ҶԻḺ𵽵סǻȥɣ
˲Ųæ˵
˸Ǻ󣬰¶Ц⣺֣ķ磬Ȼ㴵ˣٴμ֣Ұ
֣
΢΢Цܹڴ˵ؼˣΪˡ
λԯλǰʶһλѣ׷ǡ
Ϊ˽ܵ
ԯѣӭǰ˵أһᣬһᣡ
׷΢ЦĹֵʮ־ôͻȻһôƯá
ѿˣȻѣǾͲ̫ˣһ⡣
ԯ̽׷ǵΪʱЩ֣ڽʵɽ磬ԶԷΪôֵơ
໥һ׷ʼǰôʧˣҡҡͷ׷Ǹɻ
ѵˣλ뵽һۡ
׷˷ܵ˵
Ϥ㣡
ҲЦ˷ɽ磬Ҹ˴̽ʱ׷ǣÿԻҪ鱨
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˸յɽţȴһȺ
ʦˣ
һϤȴǰߵ֮ɽŴϹϾĶһ˵
ãȻ״ˣ
׷аԲˬȴҲòʵ׷Ǽʦ


1673 ȫ
ߣ󵨣
ŭһͬ˵׷ǣȻһۣԽŭ
ɽ磬Ȼɹأ˷׷Ϊ˶ɱͬţѾУֻ׷ǲ̫⣬˸С¡
˿뿪ˣڴɽ
˵ңɽĵӷ׷ʶȤ뿪
󵨿ͽȻҵӣϵҪΪָ
Ķ׷ǣͬһˡ
ʦ壬¶ýʦȣ²ɱѾǸʦˡʦҪʦ֣ҲӦҸֵɡ
׷һҲûкµɫзЩм
ʦһҪΪͽͽǣѾˡ
ߵ֮ɥ˵
ߣ죬ˣ˵ʦ۸㣬Ƕۡ
׷Ǳĵ˵һҲƲǸΪǣȴʦ߿ʦ֡
ͷѾͽһ·û뵽ˡһҲףÿ·ҲϾɱ
ν˵
ϣ
߼ҪˣһѾ׷ǵ̬ŭˣȴĻĸۡ
ĿǻǸ
ԯ

߱ŭˣ˲䲼½ƣУڽУŭЦǰԥǲǽѵһ׷ǣ̬ȺãôˣǴʱɱŨңзĶҪɱ˶ˡ
׷ǿЦҡҡͷ֪˵ĵעԼڴ˵شãǻȥˣԼҲڴ˵ίȫĻˡ
֣ɽ磬ɽ磬һжʵΪġǧҪСͷһѾﵽɺڵΪô׶Ըġ
׷ǻл˵˼˲Ҫ̫ˣɽԴ
СӣҳƱΪͷǻˣҲգϽ㳢ζ
ŭɽߡ
ʦҪΪϾҪˣҪʦʮֲֵõġ
׷ǵʦֵƨ
ͽ֮Ϊʦ治Ӧ뽫֮СӣУʲôֶξʹһᶼûС
ŵ˵
ɱңŻϰ꣬˭֪ȴǲˡðɣɾͷ֪
׷ǹЦһҲû˿⡣
߷ɻˣ׷ǾȻԼη֮УҪ֪Լңŵʮ֮һԷȴֻһӣţҲûʸԼǰš
ʦɱһҪɱֱûʦͽܿҪˡ
죡˵Ķ
ߺǳԽоôܹ쵽ңŵĳϣȻ֫ͷԼ򵥵İ׳գʱѾ쵽Ĳ
ΪӦñҵͽǿ˶٣Ϊεڴأȫϳѵ˲ɣ
ԽԽɻ
֣ǰǸ쵰ǻ쵰ʦ𣬲֪пһ˿ںޣ
׷ЦʵĶ۾ƺҪ롣
֮˽ԲףֻǸһĻᣬȻϧҲֲҡС󣬾ʦȻСֵʵɱˣʵǴ´࣬ԣû˿ںޡ
Ϲžͬǰֻ֣׷ǰ֪ĵϸȻ֪츳ѣȴδΪжôǿ
Сӣѵʹƭʱ򣬾Ҳ㱻ƭˣΪǰ֣˭֪ǸδߡȥЩ꣬СҲӦôﵽ֮Сӵ츳ﵽ֮Ҳпܡ
׷ĥһԽҪĥ£ӻɽ磬ǾǾһ
׷ǣͬŷϣһΣֻҪǸʦ㲻ƽϣΣ
ᵽΣյϢ̸ı⣬ܲΪͽܳͷԼˣʮֲֵõ顣
ʦǰ˵ҪɱôЭһҪɱͽ˼ˡ
аͽ޴ѵʱ򻹿
ͷ㿪Ѱ쵽ǾԲӦġҿһɱıͽܣҾͷߣΣ
׷ǿЦԽ˸Īĸо
ˣû뵽ԷǲӣԼвɱͽܣһȥԼﻹ˿ӿԣңû֮ء
׷ǣ㵱ʦɵϰԲӦ顣
ȻȴǳĬˣ׷ǵʦڽˣʦڴʱɱԼ
׷ǣ̫ˡϿʦųԲвµͷҪɱͽܣǾܵ顣
߻ȥˣһһٵ˵
ΪͽԸƴһսʦҲǲˡ֣һ·ɣ
΢Ц˵ԯиǲˣֻߵͬһ㣬ȻðԼĵͼ顣


1674 ߱ɢ
֣Ҳ̫ʴ˰ɣɲ硣ðɣȻֿˣɾǡ
׷ǺǺЦ
ʦŻģҪǱŵˣһӢ
ģ죡
ŭ⣬޲õɱԼͽܡ
׷ǣǱͽðȣϾͲΪǿͷˣΪ֮
߽⿪ƣӻɽϡ
׷ǿЦ֣ĲʴȣһֻҺܿܵңŵĸΧˡðɣЩˣȥ£ݡ
һЦ֪֮׷Ͳңˣ֮ԸԼӣҲ̽Լֻô̽벻ԼʱΪ
ڰɽһյأ˵׷ǵĶ֮ǱȽϳԣֻǰĴɽ˵ص֮ѷɫ١
˿ʹڴ˹УҲ˲⣬֪ɽĴԭңֻɽһ΢Сɡ
ҹʱ֣һϤֳ˵Ķߡ
ʦ֣׷ļϸڵļϸ
ǰǸϵڿĴ
ԲܣǶǱϵͽܣ϶˽⣬Բڵļϸ
һģ˵
дʦܣĺͽܲɱʦֵͽܣɽвϣǱϻֻѾǸϸɱ
ܣ죡
죬һ·ִ鲢ް洦¹ϵ󣬱Բ׷ǲǼϸԻͷȫ׷ǹǼϸ׷Ƕ𡣡
ң
׷ʱɿЦλ±ɼϸˣʱȫ֮ǰֻ±Ҫڴ˵ˡ
赣ģֵ֮־ز֮ˣνֽ࣬ԻΪġ
ٺЦ
㵽ĳϷôֽңЩˣ
ԯʮֲĴ
ĪҪż׷̽ңҵһ档
ЦŴ
׷ǣΪʦ
洫ŭĺɽϵȫˡ
׷ĳȥлžã˶ɫ񣺡ͽ֪ܲʦݹ٣ʧԶӭʦԭ¡
λϽˣļϸкλ˵
׷ǵʦżޱȡ
ңʮۼʮ˽һӿ׷ǡ
׷ǱϹϾЩɪɪ·޷ɢơ
ȫһɫʱ׷ǵı֣ȻȫȻûţвɻѵĻֻڴţĻԼֱһЦ
׷ǣɱʦ֣вʦɸҳϣ
ңʵ
ʦȣȴǼˣңŵĹأȡвʦȫһᡣ
׷Ǳ
ߣɱϵӣʦⱾ֮飬ǣ㾹ȻҪɱ˵ӣȻſϷŹϣɸҳϣ
ȫϷŭ
˻һǷ׷̲ס͵Цԭȫǳ׷ǵƿѹ״
ֻǶӸ״ҲͰˣȫϵݣ״ʵǷǳûӵ顣
ʦʵпԣʦ½͡
׷ǿЦ
ʱԯҲӶ߳һ֣̱Ŀ⡣
ãϿ㻹ʲôͣ
ȫЦѾʼЩڣ첻ӦñһŵģԼûɱӣҪǴȥԼΪңԶЦ
׷΢΢һЦʱȻЦĳΧĳǷ׷װ죬׷ǵʦеޱȵĽţϾʦͽģһͽܷ£ԼʦҲвжΡ
λϣ¾ԲڵļϸΪǶ˲ڵļϸ
׷һָԯ
ףѵڼϸҲ̫ɺˡ
ȫô벻Լļϸһ˵Ȼˡ
ڽŭԯȻȴ̬Ȼ˿Ļңԯдŭû뵽׷ǾȻһңԼǼϸ
Ƕ˿ڵļϸ
ңŰɵ
ԯаŭȴû˵ֻǿ̬
ԣڡ
˻һ׷Ҳһ㶣û뵽Īе
ȫϣ´󹦣ȻĹ͡ߣڼϸǾȻҴңţкξģ
ңϵĺǳ
ң¶˽ڶӣҵȴ˷ǰΪֵ֡ıңŶӣֻʵȴһϡ˷Ϊ˱ȫԼҶ˹ҶǲװΪ
ڵӵݣȴ׷ˮ⵹׷û뵽⡣
˷׷֪ԼңŵӵͷˣǱݺˣ뿴ǵķӦ˭֪˵ķӦȻ׷ǿˡ


1675 в
׷ǣϣ˵Ļģ
׷ǵʦıס
ʦԷ飬Ǵڶ
׷̹Ȼ
̫ˡʦܣλʲô˵ͽǼϸǼϸʦңŵĹأҲǼϸ
ȫϿЦû뵽ʱһٲ׷ʦͽˡ
ϣ
׷ʦѣ޲õɱ׷ǣϾһϸӣֱĪĳ衣
ǡ
ң
ס֣
׷һϺȡ
ϣ㻹ʲô˵ģ
׷ʦŭɽߡ
ʦͽǿЦģǸڵļϸļϸˡ
׷ͻȻĿڣ˷׷Ȼ
ôЦ׷ǣͬʦļϸ
ȫ
ǺǣλȷʵڿЦʣǼڵļϸָҴҡڵĽңأǼϸȴҲɵңڵ˷֣ѵλɻ𣿡
ͻȻ˵ⷬʱԽԻˡ
Լǡλҵ֮ԿЦʵΪڼϸϸŴѾµ˭ˣȫϡ
׷ȫϣͻȻһʯ
˵Ѫˣ
ȫнޱȣû뵽ԷȻһҡ
ֻһۣ翴͸ȫϵģû뵽ļϸв׷ǵĽƾͼơ
ңҲоӲˣ㶵ˣȻ֪˭
֤ݣĿ
׷ǽʯϣʱȫϵѾͨһƬӿֳŨŨɱ
ңŵĴǵڡ
ȫϿЦĳ˿ܿ죬ȫϱӿʮˣЩ˽棬һЦĶңˡ
ͽܣҿҴϸ򣬺롣
׷ʦԸп˷׷ǲǼϸǰδеˬ졣
ǰң˻پܣ
һ˰Ȼ˵˷׷¶Ц⡣
Ϯ
ңһϴһʱ֮䣬ңɽƺѾ
ԯҡҡͷô㲻鵽ôˣΪλһۣ˷룬˿̾ȻڵͻȻˡ
ߣôĵӣȻҴ˴ңţ㵱ңǲ԰ӣ߾ߣ
ңЦ־ŭȫû뵽жѾǱɽС
ȫɷ񣿡
ʵ
ʦѾңŵĳϽѾС
ȫϹЦ
ôļһȻֱɵֶΡ
׷ǵʦŭܿôѣһƬʧȥ˿һ㣬ҡһڵϣȻɴ۾ĵŶԷ
ţͬңڵʮַ׷׵ڵϣֻЩ˻ûȫʧȥʶȻΧ
ңѶĵӷ׷׾û뵽ңŵʮ֣һǼϸȴѾȫڵϡ
ң˵ڣɽҲûˡ
ȫϿЦ˵ĵ⣬꣬׼Ὣңһˡ
ֵ֣ܸղʵΣֲҪֵܼƽϡ
׷Ƕȭ
⣡
˵֣ȻһԲ׷ңҲԵɵġ
ȫɱңŵĵӡ

ȫϵŵ
ߣڴˣ˭Ҷ֣ɣ
׷˵ͻȻɢޱǿֻ˲֣ȴҲ㹻ڵˡ
ȫҲǲǰ׷Щ֣ʱڸܵǿҲƲѣȫû뵽ңǿļһﾹȻ׷ǡ
Ƕӣ
׷ǵʦĽеʱ֪ɣȴ˵ӡ
ʦġңžԲᱻС˸𣬵ӶЩ˳ζ
׷ŵ˵
㵽˭ΪҪҵȺ£
ȵʱҲȥʧȥսңųϡ
вգ׷Ҳʹ߱ɢִַɶ𡣡
׷˫ɢâƺᡮ߱ɢ
ȫɱ

ǣ
ȫϽȴû̫ţϾҪϵңŵظ֡
׷ǣģ򣬱϶֪ʲô
ȫĲ㣬ȴǱֵڣҲơ
ȫ̫ˣû뵽ϻ˴ļһԯɴĵ˽ƻˡ
ԯЦΪǿȴҲû˽ƻĶ֡
ɽ籾ն֮أûôáӵǿʵҲôģһ㣬ס
ЦĻشңڽŵգ˾ֵͬˡ
ˣʲôȻ豾ϡС椣˰ɣɱ׷Ǻ󣬶Ȼ㳢ʲô˵ζʱ򣬱֤Сˬ벻ϡ
ȫ϶ԯɢеĿ⣬ԽԯԽɣǻֻ¾Ҫ˹ȥԯˡ
ԯЩΪͼ˶ԣǲģֹȫϣڵҲ׷Ŀ¶Ŀ⡣

ԯɲǳصģȫϵһðУԯڷˣһȭȫϡ
ȫϻûӦͻȻоһɴӿԼ壬ǿȫȫû˿ĵֿ֮
䣡
ԯɢһȭ֮Ȼȫϵֱɱ֮⣬֮Ҳûӹһȭı̬

¡аŲҽȫϵ֮徹ȻҲһȭ֮䱬ˡ
Ȼȫϵ֮ıըδӰ쵽Χκˣ˾ò˼ĵط
˶ĿɿڴĶԯ׷ҲɵˣΪֻԼȴԯΪôǿǿȫϺ˿Ѿɱ

˾ԭأһ仰Ҳ˵ΧڸҲսû˸ԯһȭ֮
ǻ˵Ʊ𣿡
ԯˣʵ
ǰΪǿǰΪСȫǰȣ˷ǰɱֱ๼
̬ȣҲԯԡ
ߣ
ԯһȻվ࣬ЦеĿ
һȭɱɺڵˣԯΪٴﵽɺڣﵽ˽ڣʵ̫ǿΪˡ
׷аû뵽ѣΪôǿ
ǰҵʰң򲻸ҵǰǰҵ뿪ңš
˵
ңŵĶԹ뱾޹أ
ԯ̬ȡ
лǰ
дϲңŵӻ·һ
֣㲻Ϊˡ
΢΢һЦ翴׷ǵΪ
ˬ죬ֵ֮ˣ
׷˵֮ʱƱǡ
㾹ȻﵽΪ

ΣЩɵļһڱ£ֱǻãƽޡ߱ɢҲ๼
׷ҧ˵
ӣ
һһ
һӣ
׷ǵУǸ·ӡ
ҵȺƴˡ

ʮΣֻܼɽȻҵڴһսɱҵȾɱˣҵȱ
ȥ
׷ͻȻʩչ˲ƣ˴ֲ

һڳϲҽסӴǿͷ­Ѿնɡ
׷һɱڳϣһֺ𺳣ڳΣ֪õǺá
÷һԸ
ȻʮͬʱϿУһԲεѸٵڿм
׷ǰȻЦһҲûЩ˷ƾ˲
ԯҲ׷ǵ֮ڣվһԣҪ֣Ϊ׷ǱԶԸڵһڸˡ
ƣ
׷Ǽ˷ɽУȻնǰǰԲεϡ
¡
ǿ촫󣬰ԲεϼҪ˲飬˷׷ǿҵ𶯣ҲѪ
и֮ȻԵֵ׷һ֮˵˫ΪĲࡣ
׷¶ϷʰЦ⣬ǰһûʹȫԷȴǷ׷ױˡ

׷ǵڶնը˺õϷըѳǧƬڵҲˡ
Ҫ򣬱ɱʦ
д㣬ϱƵ˲ץס׷ǵʦ
ҪʦɱǣңŵĶˡ
׷ǵʦŭ
׷ǣʦУԼɣ
в
ڴʱһҲ編ƣȴϿնһʱڲҽб׷ɱ
׷ЩԥϾǸԼʦ鲻ʦ֮ȴʵʵڵģʱ׷ǲûаȫ˺ʦ»ɱԷ
ٸɱˣʦɣ
ŭĺ
׷ͶȴǾۼһ𣬺ܿ죬еԽԽ࣬ȻЩңŵϣ׷ǵûʲôо
ô
׷ǲʵ
ߣʦ
ݺݵ˵ȴƳһԯԯûʲô仯вŷĲ١
׷ԭΪһоԼУʱȴЩˣϾԷΪԼ̫࣬ԼóȻжʦǱɡ
ԯѣɷæ֣
׷ʮεĿЦ
ԯҡҡͷ˵˲֣ͶȻ֣ѣ

׷ǿЦĿããѣпǴ֪Ϊ츳ٺãҲôͻ֮


1676 ɽһԪ
΢΢һЦҲ׷ԶԼΪǰжԼѣԼԻֽ
ԯѣ㱣֣һ취ȳʦġ
׷ǿЦ
֣ôѣ
ԯĪ˵׷ǲȻ
Ҳǰ֪Ϊ
׷ǽ͵ʱЩա
֣㲻Ұæڵġ
Ц
ԣ׷¶ϲ֮ɫ룬ȴǲܾԼʦѵȡ
Ƕı취ʦ
׷Ǳһ˿ϣ˵
ֵæȻҪ¶Ц⣬ȵǸʦҪɱ㡣
㶣һҲںģߵǸŮȴޱǿĴڣʱȻߵǿвԼ
ô죡Ҫȫˣʵ̫ˡ
пɬ񾪿ֵĶԯǰŵԣҪ׷ǡ
ԯǺһЦһۣȴǵͷӦʱͬ˶һ˷ܡ
׷ǰ̾һмѾˣΪ˾ʦֻзŹһˡ
ҲɵĻ
Ц˵
ʲôԱиǿĴڣɱ㡣
аȴҡҡͷɫѣǷ׷ǾԲŹԣѲҪҵ֮£ʤм
׷ѣѵʦѣܲæҸһλᣬ̷ˣҾɱ㡣
΢ЦţвĿǾͬڿЦ
û˿ԥȻܾϾһԼֺαЭԷأ
׷ǣٷҵ뿪ʦɡ
˵вǿЦ
׷쳤̾вʣȴҲûõİ취֣ллˣΪ˾ʦұҪȷѡˡ
㲻ң
ʵ
׷һ㶣֪ΪѵʵԼʦ
ţ
׷Υĵ˵пЦѣΪǸԯȴӦأûȴһæ
ãȻңҾͲʧ
صһЦָճץȥ
ôܣ
һֱעʱ֣ΪԼ׾ٵܣǣһ޷ܵѸӿʱŷԼǶô޴޴ΪԷΪԶԼ֮¡
ɣ
˵׷ǵʦȴڿз
֣ʦˡ
˵֮ʱѾſ׷ǵʦ
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ǰɣѵһбһֱǿݣӦòܣǰɲˡĪǣ츳̫ǿǿΪԶԶң
뵽׷ǲ˼ĶȻ׷ôȴҲĵϸ
ղֻһУȥû˿ǣȴܹɵڿжá

Ϸ׷׾һ
ɱ
һڳ϶ݺݵв
ȥ
һǸڳͻȻɴ˫ۣ˹һ㡣
ѪĲӴϴžɫ˫ҪסӣȴһεĻһ𣬾֮Ҳӳ
ȫסˣһŴΪѾ˵֪û֪ӵжôǿΪ
ʣ
˵
ﻹΣһֻܷеʣȻһ
ֱ̰ģҵѽ
ʱ˿̣Ѿ϶ԼĽ
֣Ŷǰллǰ
׷ھ̱֮ϹϾİл
ɽȻǿΪ׷ѾΪԶԶԼ֮ϣҲֵơ
֣ؿһֵܡЩ˸ôãɣ
΢΢һЦһӣѾɳԶ
׷мͷҲ˿Ϊ˵ǱңŶ꣬ĿΪ˱Ѫ𣬵꣬һԪڸ⡮߱ɢټɱšȼȻʹ߱ɢȻһԪڵѪϵڣǽܱɵı
ԭˣ
ԯͷ׷ǵĿġ
Ȼȴסˣ׷ǿеһԪں嵱һԭеЦʧһݵļġ
һԪڱţ
ʵӿһǿɱ⡣

εɱУһ׷׹ڵأеɽղȡ
ôˣ
ԯΧ˶ſȥ׷Ҳ⡣
ǰôˣ
׷Ǿֵʵ֪ΪͻȻɢǵɱ⣬ɱ֮ǿʧǡ
ûʲôæģҳȥһߡ
ϣһȻʧ
׷Ŵͣû뵽ȫԼõĽƣ˲ʧӰ١
Ҳȥһˡ
ԯһͬʧӰ١
ɷ뿪ˣиȼϣĻ棬׼¸ͻΧ
ֵǣǺƴˣ
ŭһʱ䣬ھеͬʱһ
һҲߣ
׷
˫ս֮ʱȴѾϢķɵɽ֮ϡ
ɽһԪڲţѵģ
ڿΣԼһԪڵһӣһԪڵԼ顣
磬һԪڲ⹥ʦȻȻɽһԪҲţйݵķŭַŭԴݻһС
һԪڵҶṼʦҵɽһԪڱҲͬҵΡ׷ʳѶұΪһԪȥֻع
ɽۣѪӿ޲ɱһԪڵгˡ
֪ʱԯѾߣʱ˿̣ɢһȻɱԯԽԾˣ֪˭Цһ
ɽ۵磬ϵĺҲ裬еѪȴһҲûиı䣬ʱƣеɱԽǿңǿ˾󲿷ֵɱ⣬ֻɱὫɽ֡
ɱ̫ˣӰΪ
ԯڿ˵
ɱ⣬ѾǺˣ˸Ϊһ֮Ϊɱѩޣɾֺ֮У
˵һ֮ɫ
⵽ô£ѵ׷ͬһɣ
ԯµˣȴԼĲ²⣬ѵĻôɺϵ飿
ڡѪдɽ磬ż׷ǣңŰ׷ɱУȴ׷ͬһʦţһ縺Ѫ
ңԶԶ򵥣ԯɴУԯɴǿУȴҲѵ

³Żָԭеƽֻϲ˿Ц⡣
¶ˡҲһԪڣ׷ҲһԪڣ֮ʦԨԴ
ƽ˵ϵɱʧΡ
Ŷһ²ȻͬһɣΪȴʶѵһԪںܴ󣬵Ӷൽ໥֮䲻ʶ
ԯɻʵ
½һԪڣ׷ɽһԪڣǶͬĵطȴһɡ
͵
˵Ļе֡ȻԲͬĵطһԪҲпɺϣҲպͬأûУ
ԯɵ
ɺϣһֱ׷ͬһطɽ磬˸ȡһԪڡ
ش
ΪʲôңѵһԪɽ
ԯ׷ʵ
ΪһԪɽɵۼĸִڡ
ΪԺ˵⻰ԯȻͷ
ɵۣԯɴδйɵ۵ĴڣǺεΪ
ԯ૵
ҲҪ̫Сԯɴˣ֪ԯɴɵ۵Ĵڣֻڱչ
ص˵
ɣ治֪ԯɴɵ۵Ĵڡ
ԯãȻͷ
֪ӺʱңźɱһƬɽ֮£ƺս
ң֣֮⣬ɽ֮»дӿ룬ѵȥæ
ԯң·սսƺʮּҡ
ңҲκԨԴǵʲôϵأɽ֮Уֻƽ飬ȥܣȴҲ̫ʵֻںһԪڵӵֻҪ׷ǲûκιϵ
Ϲžںɽµս
ԭΪɽһõĵط֮㣬ల£Ϊңӡҵ뷨ǴشˣҲҪײС
ԯʲôƵģип
Ҫпɽ棬ǽҪʵΪǿҲûдﵽɵۼԣط棬һܷɾ衣νˣɡ
ԯһۣɵİΣ
Ǻǣ㲻õңҵΪɱҪǿ󡣡
ԯŵЦ
ˣһ£Ҫڿʼһɽ紳Ƿֵô
Ȼ˵
ʲô˼ҪߣΪʲôҪ
ԯвõ
ѪҪȴǼѡҵĵ˻ǿɵۼĸִڣңô˵Ѱ·ԯɴĲţǳʲô⣬ԯɴľ޴ʧԣһǷֵɣ


1677 Сආͽ
˵
붼Ҫ롣ѾˣһҪ㣬뿪ΣգҲԲġ
ԯն
ĬˣȻ޷ȰԷԼֻʹķˣȵʱԼһ˿
׷ʹȫʵڽĸֽˣҲӲѱɱĽ֣ңŵڸ֣ʱȴȻڵ޷
߱ɢҩûʮµģЩ˵Ϊû취ָңŲЩ꣬ʦҲҲҾͰңһѰɣ
׷ǳȥƣȻ˽ңŵĶӱ
ǰллңš
׷ʦѵ³仰
ʦ㲻ҪΪǰңûʲôϵ㻹ҵʦҾңҲǱ㣬ͱ̫ˣ˰ɣ
׷仰Ȼɽ¡
ңڵĵȫļս˫ûиսԽңʱбըҲζ˵
׷ǲûɽǳɽȥ
׷Ǽλǰ
׷ǹ
֣˵ˣҪٿұɱ㡣
תͷһ˵
ǰŶ֮
׷ǲҶ࿴Ϊܱ䣬Ҳ׷ǲΥĻ
˵㣬һԪʲôλ
ǿסеļװƽ˵
׷΢㶣شһԪڵһӡ
ӣ
ԣͷϾ׷ǵΪһԪڵһҲǺġ
ңСУ׷ǿԵһ֮ǣһԪҲǸӣӲ淴ӦһԪڵǿ֮
ɽǷ֮ˣԺεأ
ʵ
׷ǰľҲɽһңԶĵط
ȻˣҾͬһط
аԾϲϾܹɽͬţһֵþϲ顣
ʶӣ
룬׳ʦ֣ϾȽ磬ǲʶһԪڲ֮ˡ
ʶ
׷ҡҡͷʾ֭Ҳû뵽һԪӵĴڡ
½һԪڵȻ½磬вʶ֮ɣ
ǿ½磬˼ʮԡ
½磿
׷ǵͷ˼˺þãһ˿ӡ
ӺܺñϣһԪڵĳǿߣ׷ǵļУʱӲɾ߱츳һˣҲΪ档
һʾ֭׷ǻӣǸΪƤԼѵһٵӡ
ˣǵ½һԪγʱиӵСƨǸСԵƤʰüΡҵļУС츳ܺãҴ󣬴û޹ôҲʶСආ
׷ǵĻԿԼʦ׷ﾹСආһĴڡ
ҵȻʶ
ЩεЦЦ治˼ӱԼʦˡ
ûСӵϢձ˵СӦóƺһʦ档
׷ǵĻû
εЦЦȴԥҪҪԼݣ׷ǵıֶԣԼıʵ̫ˣֱ͵Ĳ񻰡
֣ǷʶӣѵҲʶ
׷ǵ¶ɫʱѾµԨԴһԪڵ顣
ҵȻʶ
Ц
Ŷһ½ʶ½һԪڵɽһԪڵĵӱݲ˿ɲһ㡣ԣСආҲգ
׷ǵĿУӻǿп޵СආϾɽһԪڵĵӱ½һԪڵҲ㲻ʲô
Ҿ˵ǸСආͽܣʦ
˵Ϊ׷ǵ̬ȶҳԼݡ
ʲôûɣ
׷ǾһĹ飬ӼҪۿбĳŵĺϲ£
ô˵׷ͽĵӣ⣬Ҳ̫ˣ
ԯڿ˵ˣ׷һԯҲĻˡ
׷ϰ죬ȵȷ֮ĹϵеǲԸֹϵϾڵΪԼ֮ϣôάĹϵأ
½һԪʦ棡
ԥһڻǱȭ˵
ʹãɽһʵΪֵΪԶ׷ǣӦ׷ǰǣǧƺʦ棬ʵڵ𰡣
׷ǻæһοЦ
ۣ
Ŷ˵ӣԯЦɣȻǾ߱ԨԴǰıԴǵݣɣǾֵơ
ðɣͬ⡣
׷æֵͬƣҲԶԶԼʦүźõöࡣ
̾˿ͷӦˣϾɽʵΪԼĿǰΪʸԼʦү
㲻˵ɽһԪɵۼĸִ𣿼ȻɵΪɽһԪڻᱻţ
ԯʵ


1678 
׷ǣǵһɽ磬Ҳֻǵ;˵һл׷
׷ǡ
һԪɵ۵Ĵڣôû˵
׷Ǿȵʵ
Ԫɵۡ
̵˵
֣Ū˰ɣѵųԪɵۣͻһԪ֮ˣһ¡֪ԪɵɽӵźպȴһԪûаϵ
׷ǿЦû뵽Ҳֵ᷸ͼĴжɡ
Ԫɵ۶ȻһԪĪĹϵҵֱдȻ㲻֪ǾͽɽһԪڵľɣ
ʮƽ˵
ǣ׷渵ĽɽһԪڵһ㻨˶ʱ
ɽһԪǿȻֻǴ޽ɺڣʵЩ˼顣
ҡҡͷôҲһԪڵĵӷɽôҡ
֣޽ڣǿǿĴڣһӵǿߣԳ֮ΪɣڶɽҲһϯ֮ءҲӵд޽ɵΪԸı䵱ɱʷ
׷Եĸп
ԯһۣ˶ӶԷп˾֮ɫ
ǰһֱΪһԪɽһǿɣʱ֪һԪڵҲֻд޽ɺڵΪ֮ǿҵĶԱ뷴һʱ֮Ҳ޷Ӧ
ˣʶ
ݵ
׷Ϊ֮һ㶣ʵʵҺ˵˵ɽһ϶ǿɣɵԪɵۣ

еļϾѰ֮ãӵϢ
ʲôˣôں
ԯʵֲõԤС
ҵŮˣ֮ǰɽ硣
ûʵ˵
׷д󾪣û뵽ɽŮˣԯ͵һ׿˵ŮʱĸооԯԼʡ
ǸŮˣ֮ǰɽ磬ҲѾˣߣѾɽķˡ
ԯ˵
죡
һ˫۱һƾâǿҵԯ
ԯһδҵۣΪǵһΣҾͲһƽϡ㵨ٷһɱ㡣
ͬ꺮
йʱ׷иܵΪǿ󣬲ﵽʲôΪ֮ɵɱԼ
ԯɵˣû뵽ΪһŮ˶Լôףвίѡ
ֻǲ²⣬ѵû˵ȨѵǸŮ˱ҪĶࣿ
ԯ˵
ˣ㲻ңҲɵüסˣ´ǧҪٷ
ͻȻųŨŨЦ⣬׸Էһ͹ˣûҪһֱ
ߣɱңѵĹңۣѵҾûۣ
ƽʱԯȻȥ漰һŮˣһ׿ڳϵŮˣԯвʡ
ʲôûҲʲôûǼģȥңһѡ
׷ʶȤҸܣҲԯΪԲ֮¡
¹ȥˣֺαؼأ
Э
˵㲻Ůˣ
ԯĴ̳ӱˣԵЩġ
ǰɣ
޿κΣԼǲϣԷȻȥ˴֡
˵ˡ
ԯдϲû뵽ȻԼ֡
ҳĴڣҲ֪ǷϣʱҪֵĹһ㣬㣬Ҳûа취
Ц˵
˵ʵ֮⣬㻹Ů𣿡
ԯգ۾ʵ
мʶ֮ǰ˵ġڻѡ˳û㡣
¶аȵЦ⡣
ԯ⣬ȴҲ̫⣬Ͼԯɴ壬ͬ檳Ⱥ츳ʵһŮҲԯ̫Ծ
˳㵱ɵϰҲŲ˳أ
ԯЦе˵Զ
˲˳㲻˳ҪعأԲ·ϡ
صһЦлЩģԯ츳ﵽɵ۵Ϊǵ츳ԯĶ֡
ɽһʵΪѵŮȴҪȺ˳ΪΥɵ顣ǰжŮˣҲܲţֻҪô㣬ҪӵеʵҿԵǵĴ㣬ΪҵΪǿ󡣡
ԯʮ˵
㽫̫ˣҵЩŮУɵۼĸ֣ʸɵ۵𣿡
ɫʵѾҲԼŮеһԱ
ɵۼŮˣ
ԯŵʵʳ֮ȴʵϾûбҪƭԼ
ͷֲӻԼӡ
Ҳ̫ˣɵۼŮҲῴ㣬ʵˡٿ֤ҵ۹Ҳ
ԯҰο
ף׷ǾȻˣھȻк֡
û⣬ŭԯ
ǸһƱ׷ҪǿΪҲҪһ׷ҪܶԷʮֵѣƻܡ
ԯ
ǿδأΪһԪڵĵӣСС澳޷һԪڵĵӡ
׷ġ
㲻֣׷䶨ˡ
ԯ˵
ҿûʱģҪˣһԪڵĵӶй֮
˵仰Ȼϥƺ·սԼ޹ϵ
ԯҲעսҲ֪һԪڵӵʲô֮
Ԫɵ۵ɣѵֻɺϣԪɵͬԣǸ˾ӣԪɵǸαӣ⣬ǿô죿
йİΣϧղû׷Ǳɽսˡ
һʱԯֳ֮ɫû뵽׷ǵ־ǿȫ˺۵£ȻʩչһһĴ򷨣׷ǵִ£Էи߳һΪѾ˼֡
ۿս׷ǵһбԯһԪڵĵӹȻ򵥣澳֮¾˵Ĳӡ
ʱļƣ׷ǾȻǿУǸһ֮ȴңŵĵ׷ǵĴʿһɱܿ콫ɽš
׷ǽԷɽ󣬻ûüϵƣͻȻһЦɽ´вһͻû뵽Էĺֲϣֱңء
ʦܣɺڵΪȻܸһڵˣǱʦ˼֪֪ʲôĺ𣿡
һŮӴĽƮ
ʦ㣬㣬һҪʦҲ뱻ʦŰ
ԡѪӾֵ
ߣЩȫ
Ů
ȫǧ֮⣬˭Υ棬ɱ⡣
Щ˷ٵĺˣһͲÿ뿪
ܺãһССңţʦһ˱Խ֮ʦܣ뱻ʦţͽʦġǧ굤ȫ
Ů˵
ʲôʦ㾹Ȼʦܣʦһֻ˶ǧ굤ң˶᲻һ㾹Ȼ뽫֮ȫռʦ㣬úݶġ
̡
ߣһ仰
ŮЦ
ңɽŶԻȫңһ˵˿
ȫɽбһ˾͹ˣ̫ˣҲֻͽ
׷ңȺףʱҲ׷ˡ
ʦ㣬⡮ǧ굤ҿԷһ㣬ԼһҪԸ⣬Ǿͳɽ
ʹޱȵ˵
Ůӻδ𻰣׷ǿڵ̫ţȻңɽ̸Цд
ȫʦڱɱ㡣ڿˣʦҪɱ練ƣԼѡɣ
ŮӸ׷ǡ
׷ǿЦҡҡͷԼѾңźܶ࣬ʱ˿̣ԷһΪǿԼģԼսȥֻ»ὫԼ
ˣһɽԯ֣ңűؽ𡣡
׷룬׼˻ɽ
ߣ
Ůһߣ˲䵲׷֮ǰ
ʦ㣬ҴӦ㡣ɱһңţȻұ㡮ǧ굤
δӦ
ھͽг
ಣ
Ů˲Ƶߣ̯һֻ֣εĽǧ굤˳
׷ǳûɶݣûӳԶֱŮӵסȥ·
ΪڱǰһЦʵǽڵˣ
ŮȻԼΪ׷ǵĶʱ˰ء
ԭ׷ǱѾˣܹǸɺڵѾǼˣٶڵŮˣֻǲҰܡ
ǵǺɣΪʲôҪڶԸңţ
׷ǸʵǰҪ׷ȣȴЩⲻȥ
ңţʲôʲôҵȿɲЩС֮ˡ
Ӳм˵ǰ׷ϳ˿ں޲׷ǡ
ǣһССңţҵҲҪˣҲ޷ҵʦģЩСɿֱɣҵȵɼ
Ů䣬ӵš
ߣˣ졣Ϊĸ֣Ǳɡ
׷ŭ
ðɣ¸Сӣҵɳǿ󣬻ɵ۵ԨԴֻҪҵȱʦţƾԷжǿΪҲҽҵôǵüǰҵȹһɣǸɵѾﵽ޽ɵΪһҵǰһ
ӿЦɵĻԻУָоЩ޷԰Ρ
׷һ𣬲ʵ˵ǸɿɽһԪڣ
һԪڣ
˶һۣͻȻҲûǰ
ǸɣģڹһԪʱɾȻһӶ˲ٵӡ
ӷŭ
ŮҲղѣݺݵĶ׷ǣһԪ
׷Ǻγŭû뵽ԷΪԼɣȻй¶˻ܣԣԷһԪڵĳɣ˱һԪڵĳˡ


1679 
һԪ׷Ҳ
׷΢΢ͷޱԺ˵
ߣһԪڵӣһʲôõɪģһԪڻȴҲûΪһԪڱԣɻȰ־ܣĺҡ
Գ˵к͸һԪڣҲ͸ԽԼļһ
ֻһԪڵӣʵ̫ϧˣǶӣӣǱɵ´һˡϧϧѵһԪڵĵȫôΪ΢ķ
ŮӰ̾ûн׷Ƿ۽
ŶԷһԪڣ׷ֻѪڣһ޾ķŭĵױŷ˭ֻҪһԪڣǾԼݵĵˡ

׷ǵ˫ͨһƬеɽָŮӡ
ߣ
ͬʱһ˵깥һԪڵĲңʹ͵ϮַȴҲӵв˽õĵ䡣
һԪڵǰ˵˫޵ɱ⣬νΪۺ졣
ʱ˿̣׷ѾŭͷԣҲܶԷжôǿ͵ĴŹĺŮӡ
СҲ׳󣡡
Ůкӿ֣нһĵֵ׷ǵĽ
׷ǱѾһսʱܷӳսҲ˲ۿۣԷݴͣΪǿһΣԣһ֮£׷Ǳ㱻Էǿɡ
ȥɣ
ͻȻ׷Ǻ֮ʱ͵Ϯ
׷ǳһԪڣϵԷռݾ»͵Ϯּŭ
鼱֮£׷Ǳ޿ɱܣһȭԷĽ

ЦһһֱӴ͸׷ǵȭ׷ǽˣֻ»ᱻԷɱ塣
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׷ǿܹӵ͵ϮʱŮһȻʩչ˲֮׷ᵽϢϾԷΪԶԼ֮ϣ˲֮¼пɱ˵Լ
𣡶ȱ޳ܰ
׷ڿһŭ˲һĶη

һŮӹĳ׷ǵ󣬱ĽֱϮ׷ǡ
ʱ׷ǷȫȻĽη
ϣ
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ŮȫһǷֵ˴󲿷ֵĽ׷ǼֻбɱķݣδɱȴҲԷĽɳȥǷҲԵѺۡ
ۣ
׷ڿѪλδأȴѾµӵ͵Ϯ
ƴˣ
׷ŭֺޣڿһμŤת͵ĳӷȥ
ʱ׷ǣ˺ҰޣײеĴ򷨿ɲǻ˵ģǰ㳢׷Ĵ򷨣ʱ׷оȻЩη塣
ʦܣѵǸ𣿡
ŮЦӵ͵һ¡
ɾǷ
˵ͬʱѾһеķɽֱǿ֮ĩ׷ǡ
䣡
׷ڻӵͬʱԼҲͬˣϼ˵£Ҫ棬ǿ־֧ţﻹԼսȥ
ֵֹܵ
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׷ʮΣ֪һһҲδؿԴһˣһԶ£ԼҪܶˣǼֱһЦ
Ա
׷͵ŭһŭӾȻٵķˣ˲ƵŮӣȻҲܵ˸ţȻ׷ǵİֳ֮Ρ
ΪԶʱԱʮвڶԷҷһ£׷ǻܿһԱ
ǺǣС֣ȷڿЦ֪Աζʲô𣿡
Ůӹ򾲵ЦЦȻʵ
óʹôȻǶһռƣǵʹԱҲ˸ᣬٲҲ˻ˣΪ˵ѵǲÿ־𣿡
׷֪ԷڹԼǺη˵

ŮӶź
ʦ㣬Աģܣƭǡ
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ŮһһɫĹââ˲׷ǡ
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׷д󾪣ٴλӽննâ֮ϡ

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ŮѾ׷Ц⣬ʮ㣬׷ߡ
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׷ǱһҪһʱͻȻԼѾûâԼ֣ܿ죬Լ֣˫Ҳâס
Щâʱ׷ᵽ˾ҵʹâܱϸСļ̣Щ̾Ȼ͸Լսס
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ʦʩչǷѡԱը٣Ҳ޷˺ʦ˿
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Сӣ̫СɵˣڱɵĲ֮ʩչԱǸܵġڣȴֻһ·Ǿ𡣡
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׷ǷԼѾɽ޷ˣڶԷǿ£ɽ棬һ죬öԷ˲Խ⡣
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Ƕ˵Ϊѵ޷жΣ֮𣿿ǣǲңʲôԭأҺôͬš
׷һʱ˺ܶ࣬޿κεıС
Ӽ׷ǵɽԵ⣬ȴɽͻȻǿĽնӡ

Ӵŭסɽ΢΢ڶͷǿܿ˽ˣǷĽȴӵһѪӰ׾͸
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׷ǴЦûһЦˣΪԽԽгļϴ͸Լ壬ĵĸо׷ǵ鴤ĵ˵ϡ
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ţȻһԪǾȲҪɱڣȥңţɽȥʣ
ŮֹӵŰɱȻ˼Ķ׷ǣ¶˲пЦ
вʣȴҲòŵһѾֱɽȥ
Ůһץס׷ǣȻɽ·ȥֻɳһ˲䣬ͻȻ˵סȥ·
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Ӿ֣֪˸־һǼϣʦ㣬ϣͬŷϾԼһ
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ɽµĿУԯĽ£ǰӣʱӻɪɪﻹ˸ղŵŵ⡣
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ŮӲ̽Էƾо֪ԷΪԼ֮¡

ƽ˵˿Ľš
ŮΪ֮һ㶣Ĺâȵ
ɫĹԼķֱԯϯȥ׷鼱ĴСģ
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ЦûмսףҲûܣٲơ
ȻӶԷΪԸһԯҲûܣͬڿУƾԷٲס塣

׷нޱȣΨֶ˶Է֡
ףȻҲܣ
Ů˲дЦ⣬ȻԷСԼעḶصĴۡ
ССҺΣ
ɫƾٷĲƣüͷûһ¡
ŮһЦʱҲСԷ˫ͬʱٲƶԷˣܿ죬˱㱻ȫ
ˣţһǺÿ


1680 츳
Ůֳâƺʮ㡣
֣Сİм̣֮С
׷ǸϽѵ
֣ѵһҲһԪڵߣ챾ɿҪ´ˡ
Ů׷ǵĳƺеľԱһ룬ΪӶ˵ĳƺԻж϶ԷΪǿǶԷ׷ǵΪǿܶ࣬׷ôҲóƺһǰ
СС̣ҳݣ
νʼ磬ƾĳǿǶԷɽֱӹԼҲһ¶ԷСС
ŮӴ߶̣ܿһҺеϲ
ʲôȻ˱ɵƤˣ
ԯҲѧӲȴϵ̾ȻԼƤԯг
Ȼ̶ԯɵ˺ޣԯŮӣǲԸⱻ̴ƤƳһۣǼһȻϻ΢΢Ц⣬вɸпǿ
һΪң츳ҲңԶԶĳңǿսʿҲû̬
ԯа
ôܲļ̹ôǿ
Ů쳣죬ͬڿһ
ֹǼ̶ԯ˺ҲǳޣúŮаԼʵǿĵˡ
٣ɲϲ
ԯ˵䣬΢һһεʱ֡

ŮӸܵϵǿüһȴһžıըԼĲپȻѸٵըѳأŮӵΧκٲơ

Ůӽŵ˺󣬼ϵ٣ͼ
׷֪˵ǿۼԯ˼̣ѾԿ϶ҲؽʵѶԷĲ
СΪײУʹɱɱѵΪССô
̩Ȼ˵΢΢һʼ磬ͻȻ俪ʼήܿһѺɫ٣ɫٻʧȥκε
ʲôһûʩչЩôȫήˣ
ҲΪ֮һ㶣вЩΪͻȻɺɫķΧ紵£ɫپȻΪɫĻҽ紵䡣
ܣ
Ůԯǿ۶٣ɶһȴǲš

Ůɫĺʩչһʱ䣬âӿ
δ㣬һЩâڿɷΧѾԶήܿ컯ΪɫĻҽ紵ɢ
ʲôַȻ
ԯΪûʩչ
⣬⵽ôˣΪʲôӲ
Ů̾û뵽Լķ˲ԷȴȻⲻܲ˵һ漣
ԯʹʶ̽ȥʶĺڰ󣬻˾޴Ȼ޷ǰֺʱҲ쵽ԯ̽顣
ǿĺڰ
ԯջʶҲδܺڰķɡ
С椣㻹ʲôǿ𣿾ƾССֱ񫰡
Ϸʰ˵⻰㽫ŮѪ
ںŮӿǿȻڶԷȴǲֵһᣬúŮܹŭŭ֮һĪĿ־ҲúŮӵľ
ΣҾԲĶֻ֣£ץסʣҲ޷вԷ
Ůа롣
֪ɺڰΪôϤˣڵѪУڰȹҡ
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ϲĵͷʵȴǻȻڰǺڰؼͷųû뵽ԼȻǿؼԺʱһҪϸоڰؼ˵иľϲԼ
ǵʲôˣ
ŮӴʱЩɶԷݣΪһԪѾ𣬸־ԱɱԶԷ˵ǿΪʵڲһԪڵ
ҵһԪڵӡ
Ժ˵ԯ΢΢һЦȴҲûзĻ
һԪڵʲôݣ
ŮӾʵ
ƺ̫ˡΪûʸ⣬磬־ܣлĻᡣ
ϴŵЦ⣬Ц⿴ˣʵֻǱѡ
飬Ѿܹ̬ʧ⣬ɽһԪڱҲԱ̬ƽ⣬ϾɽһԪ½һԪڱȽԶ½һԪռеķ
ɻʹȣɽһŵĸɣǸ¸˺ɻʹȵӣǵͬս˼У˱ʦܣɾ͵ʲô鶼û
ŮʹвֶΣһɻʹȵݺɽ硣
ɻʹȣʲôѵΪ֣ɾͻᱻŵʧ𣿺ߣȻŲڴ˴Ǳɾɻʹȡ
ȫȻûкŮǰη塣
ôĿҲ˽ɽȻɻʹȣɽǿ֮һ֪һԪǱɻʹȸиǾⱲҪȴҲȫʵˡɻʹȣǿɵĳɡ
׷пЦҲû뵽Լ뱨Ŀ꾹ǿ
Ů㶣ãڱһЦǱЦЦĪ˵һһ㣬Ҳ븲ɻʹȡɻʹȺųɽһɣɲǴġȰ㻹ʵһ㣬Ҫ̫߿Լˣֻȡ裡
һȡ裡ϧǱɣ㣡ðɣɸʮϢʱ䣬־ܣɾɱʦܣۿͬʦܲ
ԷĳϾԶԷΪ˵ûʸ񳰷Լ
ʦ㣬ԲǵĶ֣־ܰɣֻץסǣɱǵġ
ӿɥҲʦ㲻֪ԷǿȴףϾԷ׾ٵĿԼԼɺڵΪȴǸû˿ķ֮ʦﵽ˽ɳڣȴҲܴùԷ
Ůת飬ͻȻɢһ˿Ц⣬ŭһһɫ塣
Ҫʦ㣡
ֻһ۱³˺Ůӵ뷨
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̫ˣʦѾʹˡ
ƵʵЩƽ⣬ΪԼȴôùʦôأ
ԯԭأƺںŮӵܣ̽ϢȻɢ
źŮӵԶݣ׷ڰ˲ϵҲĿʼɢȥǼҲʧΣʱ׷Ѿˣһս𲻿
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׷ǿϾʹ˹
ԯ΢ЦȴǷľȻвɴʧɫ
лԯǰ֮
׷Ǽû˴˵һ飬̬ȸΪϿҡ
ֲؿ˵ɣ
ԯӦ˵
׷Ϊ֮һ㶣ȴĿǰƺûԼĻ
ǵôң
о岻ѣĺ
죬̻
ԯѧĿ˵һ仰ӱ͡
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׷ǹŵɻһȴҲҺ˼룬ؾصԭϥ޸ơ
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ȻγɵĻ壬ѵӵôҵƤӰȥ٣
ԯԽĪ⣬츳ҪԶԶԼһĳǿغڰûǱ츳
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ֻ˲䣬׷Ǳоʹһ˲ʧˣһصԼ徭ߣȻ˲޸Լˡ
ֹˣҲ̵ʱڱ޸׷ǴסˣӶɳۿĿԼۿɼٶ޸
ʮϢʱ䣬Ѿջǳ֮ᣬһԯҲˣԼΪķҲ׷ǵƣٶȣûѸ١
ү⵽ǸʲôĹˣŶپ츳
ԯ̾˫ɢ˷ܵĹâ뽫ĵ׵ȫ
׷мޱȣû뵽½һԪھ˲ţ׼ڵлʱȴ˸ƣֻܸмЦЦ
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ңһڸ߱ɢΣңţǿֹסǰĻҲ
Ϊ˲ͻң˾Ĳõķ׷ǳֺңڵҲ׷ó·ӿͿӭ׷ǵĵ
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뿪ŮͨڵأǰСǰɣСֻ£ǰҪЦǣ
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ӿɥеû뵽ԼʦҲǰ޷
ڴʱͻȻһֱԼʧˣҲϹڵء
˱ϹϾĹһĻ׷ˣû뵽ԼΪǿĶ˻ʵĹǸߣǶʦΪضΪǿ󣬾ǿҲǰ֤ΪΪֲ
ǰɱ£Ҳǰֵˡ
׷һɽﻹҳƺ֡
׷ǣ񣡡
΢΢һЦ֪ԼҪ׷ǳֵܣѾûκοܣǿֻöԷϰߣܸѹ
ʦʦүĳԼǰ⣬Կ
εҡҡͷ
ԯ֪ôĵˡ
׷ǣ֮øõδˣ
΢Ц׷ǣƽʵ
׷΢΢һ㶣ȻûϵԼδˣ˼һ׷ǹĻشǰǰ˵ôãôã׷һǰġ
׶Ц֪׷Ҳóûġ
ɱ
˵ֺ˷Ӧһ
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׷˷ܵӦŵֻĻʮֽһԪڵĳɣֻɱ¾ʺϵġ
ԯ΢΢üû뵽ûʱ׼ɱ䣬ƺЩ̫ˣߣ˹ͶˣɱҲЩ̡

ʵ
ûκץˣȨǡ
ԯɲΪ⼸Υ˼
ƴģۼЧǸߵŭǲҪ̫ˣͬھҵʩչԱ޷ɱǣҲǺù
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ŮҲվ˫Ŀ׹⡣
Ҫ𣿲ҲҪǰֻҪɱңҾΪһǰ
֮ʣȴѡ˱ۣĿͷġ
Աǲܵġ
һЦһӣһλ͵ĳڿУ˲佫֡

ͬʱŸУڷŵһ˲䣬ͬʱܵ޷ֿĻӵϮ
ҷһԪߣԶ
ɱӿ֣һλ㲻ϵĸʩѹ
ڻк޷ֻ֮ͽ͵ţǰ߷Ա޷ʩչʱʱ¶֮ɫ˺γˡ
µĿ־µģ˴ʱãܵı״С
ҷһԪߣԶǺεȵǣû뵽ɽһԪڻ½һԪڵ𣡡
׷ǵмޱȣŵʹаָо˵
˲ңҲˣңҲˣ
Ҳ˵ԭ֮һΪ½һԪڵΪбҪΪɽһԪڱѩޡ
ʹŭŭģǰ˵Ρ
ͻȻһ潣͵ն£ʹҽУ֮󣬸Ļ潣ʼ˵նɱ˸ûʵܣԸҲ޷õ㡣
Űɱ
ԯЩȥˣЩ˵İҽУʵЩĲ̡
ԣҾŰɱԸɽһԪڵĵˣҪŰɱ
òܻ䣬Ŀ˵Ĵ
ǰһԪѪǰʱ֣Űɱı¡ǰһжûдһжΪɽһԪڱѩޣ
׷ǸϽ˵ǼΪ֧ģڣ׷Ѿнż
ҳȥߣ
ԯ뿪
ͷδֹŰɱԷˣֱֻ֮ʣ֮塣

ſһ˵֮ͬȫڣһԵ׷ǿɵˡ
׷ǣɽһԪڵȫ½һԪ𣿡
ʵ
׷ҡҡͷǰˡ²ɽһԪڣֻ½һԪڣ󲿷ֵطķˣвԭɽ֮ˡ
ֻˣǳ֮⣬½һԪڵֻˣ
Щˣû뵽½һԪڷɽһԪڵ˻ô١
ǵģǰ
׷ǻش
ң
ʵ
ڶǰѾսڲ֪ԭɻʹȸ֮֡
׷ǰ̾ɫ֮˵ıˡ
ˣ
û뵽ʵɽһԪ˼һԪű
ǰȥһԪ½һԪڣǰӦһ¡


1681 ɳ
׷ͻȻ
˵
Ѿµ׷޷Լæ֮Ļ˵ԼҲһԪڱѩޡ
֪ǰΪǿɽһԪڵʹǰΪҪΪһԪڱǲɵɻʹǿ󣬾˵ӵɵ𼶱ĸڶ࣬ɻʹȵĪ˵£ǰԯǰȫԸҲȻ޷۶λٲ֮ء
׷ǵϴſɬЦ⣬˵ﰧ̾һ
²ûбǰ˼ǰ츳ףǷǳϣˣ򲻿Ϊһʱĳ嶯ԣ¿ǰǧҪΪɽһԪڱ𣬻ǰζҪӦ¡
׷ˣĲ²ǡǡ෴
׷ǹȻˣȻҵİΣǣأлϣһܹѩޡ
Ϊ֮ж
㻹̫Сˣڶ̶̰ٶʱﵽΪȫǿҵ츳ϣɵ֮𣿡
ŵ˵˻һ׷ǻʯ֮סһҲûзӦ
ٶΪү츳˵ɽһԪڣɽ磬ɽ磬Ҳҳһǰ츳ǰ޹˺ߣ̫ˡ
׷Ǽ㵸Ͼ½һԪ֮ˣ츳γɽһԪڵҫأ
׷ǣҪˣɡҵ츳ǰ޹˺ߣʵϱ츳ǿȴڡ˵Զģԯ츳ҲԶʤҡ
ʮƽ˵ʱ֮͸¶ЩʵʵΪ˴׷ǵǡ
׷ֻǰСǣѾʮֳǲԯ츳ǿʵ
ɽޱߣһɽ磬׷Ҳֻ޵һ֣׷ǵ֪ʶϵ֮У츳Ѿޱ̬ˣ׷Ǿɽ粻еڶ츳˳֡
ƭңѵԯ츳ǿ󣿿ǣҲ̫˼ˡ
׷ЩãֻԼξ
ԯǰ츳Σǰʾ
׷ǲĿʵ
ﵽ𼶱Ϊһֻ˶ʮҡ
ﲻݣ仰˵ЧȻ׼ġ
ҵүʮ꾹Ȼ޳ҵȿԿ
׷̾ʵ޷еˡ
ǵ֮ӣ󶨻Ϊɽٮٮߣ
׷Ե̾
ԣ㷽ҵ飬޷ŵģǸСĽˣȻֱӳȥԿɵۡԣһԪڵĳһǻᱨġ
ŵ˵
ˣǰľ磬ܶġֻҪǰСĽ¾Բˡ
׷֮͸¶˾ϢȴֻΪȰ˵ԼʵԼܹס
׷ǣҪҪ㡣Ǹںη֪һйϢңҪκε
ޱȵʵ
׷ǵͷ±㽫ԼϢϤ棬ᵽԪɵ۵һƽ¡
һֱĬĬţʱͷʱͻȻ˪˫ȭա
׷ǽ󣬷ǰˣеɱ޷ΣԷ츳ǿĸ־ȻΪһŮ˶ˡ
ǰʲôϵ
׷ǽŵʵ
ҵŮˣ
ش֮׷ǵԵһ𣬰԰Լղ˵ĻȻ˺
ǰҲֻǵ;˵Ҳ鲢ǰҪ嶯
׷ǿЦ
зִ磡ˣ˵߲ʷˣ
תƻʵ
׷ãȻҡҡͷֻ֪߲ʷ츳ˣͬСɣȴǴûҲἰ
ѾɻʹȣɻʹȳҪŵġ뿪֪㽫ȥδӣңŵֽȥδӣ

׷˼֪ǽҪԼֿ
ǰõңΪ΢ûɻʹȵ׼뿪˵أһɢɣлᣬһᱨɻʹȵЩͼӡңţǰõġɽңɣʤһὨǽɢǲ⣬Ҳʣ¶·ҪôҪôͶǰ赣ǣжӦ
׷˼ȻŨŨĳݡ
ңڵ޹أֲǾ㣬Դ½һԪڣԣҪһ·СģҪ׶նؽһԪ֮ʱ
׷˵ⷬҲĸ
лǰģһúûţǰĶԶС
׷Ǹм˵
ܺã޲ɢ֮ϯڴ˱ԯ˵ѾˣȥңΪҵõҡ
ȭ˵
»תǰ˼ǰڣ
׷ǱȭҲΪҪԯǿߣȴ֪ԼЩǱװ֪
ڣ
˵䣬ѾʧڿУҹĻзٵĳԶǰС
ңʧ˲䣬׷ǵþ޷ƽòż߬ȭͷɼһԪںˣһ죬ΪһԪڱѩޣΪɽǿߣҲսһԪԻ͵¡


1682 ɳǽӴԱ
ԯʱȴѾԶˣԯоŭһѰ󣬷˷Ϣעԯֻͽ޹ϾɽޱߣҪ׷Ѱټֱ졣
뿪ʱҲ˺ܶ࣬˴βԯʵҪԼȥЩһһΣգǴԯҲؽΣ֮С
ΪɽһԪڱѰ߲ʷˣʦӵ˵ټԯûаϵˣϣС
Ѿϰһ˵Уɽ֮УεӰֻȴҲκεĹµįɻʹ˵ĲּҲ֪Լǰδ
ɽɵ۵ĸΧǿɻʹΪɵ۷ģ֮⣬вٴҲɵհ
ɽ磬ɸɵɣȻкܴһɢɣЩɢҲ֣߳ĸ֣һֱչɢɡ
Ԫɵ۵Χɽ磬֮෴Ķɽ磬Ҳڶɽ磬˷׼ֱǰɽ硣
Ҫһһڳԣ·Ҫһһߡԣɽ㣬һĽɻʹȳ״ݻ٣ֱԼʵԶԿɵۼĸ֡
ʱѾﵽڵΪɽ֣սڵˣڵˣΪ򲻹ûж⡣
ȻǻΪڵһսٿڲ֮ء
һ·ķУһ£Žһ֮⣬ηеΪҲܿ죬ҲԯɴǻĶࡣ
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аȻϢֻ¶ɳڵΪ
ɽ磬Ȼѡ˱ֵ͵Լ鷳ȴܱɵۼĸҪá
ΪΪɵ֮ĸҲδؿ̽ԼΪһԼֻҪСһ㣬ٲΣա
һģĴĳǰɽĳһζû˹ˣ˷ȥʶ£кڲ֮ͬ
ͳһƬɽɽϿսԲнƣϿԺǣ˵ɳϿգ
һ·СᴳκһǳأҲΪ˼鷳ñԯˡ
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ǰɴһżͣ½ʣȻҲ˿ֱӽ롣
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һ˿첽߹¶һ׺͵Ц⣬һЦȴ¶ѩһ׵ݡ
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ŮݣǱʲô
Щɻʵ
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ɽ֮Уİ˾ᱣһİȫ룬Է˽ԣ˷ΪϾɲףҪڽ±͵Ϯɱˣߵ顣
Ȼڹͥ£͵ϮΪ࣬Ͼɽ磬ɾԼһ˭ҵԽѰ·Ϊֻ˽£͵Ϯʤ
Էðǰ϶̣Ų᲻ȻԷԼֺξ֮С
룡
΢һ֣ԷĽŲˣֱߵǰ¶һĨЦ⣺ֵǴ࣬ȻŮݶ֪㣬νŮݾͬ˼ķ³˰ɣ
ԭˣһ̫ˣ
ٺЦΪƤνԭԷָȻǷ³ŮıҲ
ѣй֪ǷҪ
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ŶҪʲôܽĹ
Цʵ
֮һΪﵽ޽Ϊѻù֮óѵķؼȻ̫ķؼҿɲա
˵Ȼ󲹳֮һ⣬ķؼȼķ࣬ҿֲͬͺŵȻķҲԻѴ۽硣ôǷһԣ
ԣȴһﲻô죿
˵
ҵһۿ㣬֪ûд޽ɵΪĵͼΪ治֪ôǰ˵صģҲûķؼк֮£ҿ԰һѣȻشҼ⡣
գ飬һĽ
ƽˣһʼʮֵ׺֮ͣ㾡֮ԵýթޱȣһΪƺ֪ΪֻƺЩСˡ


1683 Ͷҽ
ʰɣܻشҾش𡣡
̬˵
΢΢һ㶣ôҲ벻ͼˣӵһԼҲȡ
ʸǺɣʲôݣ
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δκɣһɢɡ
ԥĻش
ɢɣܺãѴӺεضΪ£ҲԲش𣬲ùͱûش𡣡
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δɵķߣ·ˣһ·ײ˴κҪ
ĲĻҪϼ֣ƾԷι۲죬Ҳκε
ɳǻӭ㣡ͽ㣬ƾǰڸɳǵͼעԽĵطף죡
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΢Цĺˣǳɽϵķȥ
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¹ɽ磬ϣҲ޼ϾΪˣ͸ڰɽ磬෴Խϣ˵ĻԽƵ
פҹǹ貣¿ҪɽĵطǿҲԵڲͬ
ǸĺŮƺһֱĶԼǾų޵ķŭȴִԥ֮ɫ⵹Щ⡣
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渵гģ
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ѸٵȥҲЩ֣һȻѾжҶ˵ΪԲжΡ
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ӼϹȵ󵨿ͽϿ֮أ㽫Ҳ̫
ƨүѵô󷢴ȱСӻĲͷˣȻǰѰ
ͷŵĵ֮ǰеɽƺʱҪչ
ŭɳǵĽӴԱ
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ŶԭǸƭӣߣϼһĵӿɲСȻƭɣ
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ǰԩ˸񵣱Բƭǰǰ°ɣ
¶ޱʹ֮ɫбһ˿ϣԷ

ͷ˱һѽߵ𣬷ӥץСƵģɽȻߵĲӴ
үǷɱ
ͷ˵ʵΨԼ飬Υ˶ү
ὫߵϣۼɳӴԱרŽӴԼΪͦӣƴǵͷƭӣȻɱ
ͷĿЦɱߣȴɳǽӴԱüֹ
λ˵ɳǵĽӴ򲻿ڴ˴ɱλ顣
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ðɣ㿪ˣɾ͸һӣӳȥ
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Զһ㣡
ͷŪƵĽڿУȻһ߷ɳȥ߲ҽŷɳ֮⡣
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׼ȵģɼȻ˲ɱߣҲͰסеĳ嶯
˾Ȼʹ˸ƣҲǶ˻̸һȻ߶˽ɳǣȻǻϲصĸ˶ȥ
ʱǸŮѾϵǰַߣ̲סʹ޲ֹŮ򰲾һ
ǰ㣬ȾµĶӣ
ߵƲᣬѪֱӹŮǰ
¸ĸģû뵽ɽ磬Ҳҿ˾ĵһĻԭΪΪΪȴû뵽˿ĸס
ԭ·˵أѯһϢ˳ȥʶһɽɳǣ˭֪ȴɳ⿴һĻ
ĶӲˣ㻹뿪˵ذɣ
Ů˵Ȼݸһâҩƻʮʱڻָ
ħƵģںԼƣܾ˶Էĺ⣺ǰҶӣǲҪ͸ҩˡ㲻˻²ɽûһˡ
ŮЦһҩջء
Ϊͼ֮嶼߱ˣɽͼĴڡ
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˵һ飬ѾˣԶٻˣִԲ򣬺ҵڴ˵ذˣɶȻɱ㡣
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ͻȻŮӳȥֱӳɽײȥŮӾĳɽʮĶߣӦѾˡ
ǻˣɳǵ߹ɱҶӣҶ
ЦȻһɽŮӺҵĿɱ
ˣˣ
Ůӳ̾һ׼ɱߣܾĥǵ˹ؼʱ²֡
ߴѲȴǽޱȣǹװɵ˿ӹһ٣ȻȶӵĻᡣ
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ǰȾµĶӡ
߼ͬ˾ǣĹڵء
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һ㶣û뵽ԸԼвɸмѣлǰлǰֻҪǰԸæԸţźǰ
𣡡
첽߹ȥֽ߷Ȼͳһҩ˵ʱ䣬ҩС

ߴʧɫΨֶԷʹõǶҩɵҩ󣬶ʱһݵԺд֮⣬ܵҲѸٵĻָš
лǰ˹ҩ
߼Ļ򵹣ȴ壬ȥ
ˣҩԻָƣΪϥΪ㻤
Цʮֵϡ
߻˵ȴоڵͻȻ࣬־ϲȻϥڵأʼҩá
ѣǸˣȻҩ͸һزʶˡ
Ů˵ɱ䡣
ѣǸˣȻҪɱ˿ˡ
ѧŶԷĿ˵
Ůɫһ죬û뵽Է˵Լвɸеʮֵί
ǺǣҿЦģѲ⡣ѣ
Цݵ˵
յɷøɣɻԷ㽻


1684 ֮˱пɺ֮
ŮӲͨţǶϣе
ҡҡͷȻ̽ŮӵΪһ̽飬һڵΪȻ޷̽ԷΪʵ̫ˡ
ŮҲͬʱ̽ΪȻֻһͨˣΪɳڡ
ˣʵѾ΢΢ݣŮΪʧԭΪȲΪʵǿĸ֡
мƷ㽻ѵԸ𣿡
ŮӲΪ˻мƷķģΪķɼ˶ԣʮֱ
ĽܲǣҴӦԣҲҪ
ľܾˣŮȻޱȡ
ˣԭûʸɳǵģɲ֪Ϊλ룬жΡ֮ɳǣȥ޻ء
Ů˵
ʱǸǰֳֵˣͬ󻹸һˡ
Ҫ
˪ĳŮӺǳ
Ų㣬Ϊ֮
ŮӶ仰׼뿪ȴΧס
Ƕ˸Ҳɱۣ
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ͻȻ˵ȫϣϡ
Ҳǵġ
֣˵
˳ǰȥŮҲֻһսʿİΧ³ӵڵطС
뿪ĵĳŷߣڷɳƬ̺ҡһ䣬Ȼǰ˵ģ
ѾᷳߵĿߣŮӣȴһδηȰ˲ҪɳǣҲɳеļɻ䣬ˣҪ˴ش
ʱڴķϵɽȣڽһʯ֮ϣʱ徹Ȼʼ˱仯һѹķܿ㲻ڣȡ֮Ǹߴ󣬲ֲݵġ
˰Ȼ·ŮӣɢľâǸ΢΢ԵЩмһˡ
Ϊ΢һȺ˰Χ֮ûڰ·ʵ֪һԼǽɡ
Ҳ֪ǸܲҵҶӣ֪ܷȳҿĺӣΪҪ̰ŮˣƽƽĹһӣǸöð
֪³ضԷΪɱڣɱԼҲû˼ˡ
Ů֮ûа;ܣʵΪߣǵ˴˵غ󣬷߾Ȼ۶ԼһۣвЩơ
ͷ㲻˱ɾ棬һ٣ٶӰǵˣ޿̡֪ᷢʲô𣿡
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ǰµѡ񡣡
ϲŮӵ
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㾹Ȼô˽ѵУĶӵҪɵǶϷ𣿡
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һжΪ˶ӣ֮ԱץΪΥɳǵĹ涨²ûаϵˣҲԹ£ֻԹá
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ŮյĺһԷκο֮ˡ
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˵ԹԵЦˣƺѡ˼
ŮаûѡֻĶˡ
ߣһ㶼ϡȻǾһɱˡ
ߵ
ǰ֪Ϣ
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ģ㣬ҲضѾˡ
Ůҡͷ˵Ȼͷ˽ȴǲԸ⿴ĥ
ɱ
һ֣ж˳߱ƽ
ţ


1685 ̤ɽ
Ůӿںֹ
ͣ
ȤĶŮӣЦʵСô
߰ɣҪɱɱɡ
Ů˵
û뵽ô޴ķʲôãðɣɲ̹׸˵ɡ㣬Ļͦģɱʵ̫ϧˡɻὫץɳǣȻȥŮݣǺܺá
˵Цԭû׼ɱŮӡ
λˣȻ̸Ц
ãھˣһʱһȺ˽һ
ʲô
ĶΪǸˡ
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ŵ˵Ȼ˵İΧȦ֮С
ʦܣǲǳԴҩˣȻڱʦǰԲѷѵŹ𣿡
˴ŭɱӿ֡

ͻȻ˲ƣֱӵ˵ǰ
ɱ
ŭɽѾն
Χ˷׷׳ƽȻȴǸûܣƾԷĽն塣

˷ԼɽȻ˻ԷԵú˵г˴ɻΣʦҲûôǿΪ
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ǷƷ˵㣬ȴȻǣ֮ȫУȻźϾĿ·ս
Щ˵ΪǿǿҲɳڣЩɽеΪҲﲻԺܿ
Ůӵƾһɽһһ˲㽫ɱˣǵ֮壬ȻҲ޷׵ѣ׷ױŮץ뷨֮С
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ͷ˽ֵزʵסҸ֪ϢȴûимֻƬԱ֮ʱҲûҵԶ롣ҲգѾˣһˣǰ˽ҲΪɢ
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Ů˵
ŮһЦѾһ·׷ȥҲԻش㣬ֻ㽫Ĵۡ
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Ůаٴ̽Ϊȷֻǽڣвɷ˲١
ɽΪԲ˵ӰӶ˵ص֮طҪϲ٣ǲѡڸ
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ŮЦһǰ̽ԷΪԲΪԷӳԼġ
ԣղɱˣʹʵƺԶԶֹɳڡǸ˵ΪǽڣѵΪ
Ů뵽ʱ󾪣û뵽ԼΪĸ֣ɳǲԻ֮أ
ðɣɾͲŪˣ㿴˭
΢΢һЦҡһ仯Ϊα
ɳµǸ
ŮȻô벻ͨԷȻΩΩФģˣȫԼɳǽӴԱ֮һ
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¶׺Ц⣬ЦȴŮӸΪ衣
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ûк˻˵ԼǺˣ㿴ˣǺˡ㵽˭ʲôɣ
ŮӳʵԽ֪Ƿʹ÷ʵΪҲΪԼ֮ϣǺߣ롣
ɽһԪڣ;˵أʶһɳǣ˶ѡ
ԱţûҪɣϾɽһԪѾ˸ˡ
ɽһԪڣǸɻʹȸһԪڣ
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ĺܲס棬ѵĺܳ𣿡
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ŮЩأڵ֪ΪûﵽںҲͶʧȥȤ
Ůӵɪɪк޲ɱ׼ĽʱͻȻֶԷһѾʧڿС

Ů޷̽˲ƹ켣һԷһʱ䣬ˮ©
ɵƬ̣ԷȴûŮʮ⣬ԷǸåһôͻȻʧأ
ãŮյһţСӣȻһϢ뿪ˡ
ʱ˿̣ŮӾȻԼݵʧ䣬вɸоʮ֣ʱ´һ
ףɳǵĹ
ŮһϲæȻ뿪ɽȡ
ִɳɽ²ãŮѾ˹ֻʱˣһӡ
վסʾɽ
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Աߵ˽͵
ΪʲôС㣿⵽ô£
ɶͷԡ
УǸԼȥɣ


1686 ͵
ԱǸ˲
ŮҲǸһ̽飬û뵽ɳһ±ӭ˶ΪͼС
ɽ޴󣬸ƣȴǲ˷УҲֻܲɽԴˣ⣬һһ߻ǰС
̤ŽʯͷʯףһһĻУڵѾĿʼУΧ֮׷ױϢ롣
ɽ֮ʮֳ㣬Խɽϣ֮Խ㣬յ֮ɽʵ΢΢
ҲΪһֱǰ֮У⹦֮ı仯ôԣһͬʱǰУҲδؿԾ
ܹԵĸоɽ֮еı仯Լ޷ֹһһʰڴʱУԸصķʽտе
ɽ֮Уе֮ǽֹģʱ˶״̬֮УʱҲԿ֮ͬʱ֮еļ
Ҳ˵е֮ϵıֱڣв֮򾭹壬γһ֮ļ
ɽ·һ·ϵĸͤɽҲصˣЩɳǵһ˸ɽ;еңɽеɳǡ
ûҪȥ̽ЩΪݾߣһ·ϻǰУȴһַʽɽΪ˷ֹɽ͵͵ѰطȻǵƤȴ֪顣
֮ԣĴɽǲĻᣬǣɽнĲ£ٶҪɳǣһһϦɵġ
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ȻΪŮ֪ģΪܿܲĶ֣֪ԼĵˣŮӾԲ֮
һ·˰ʱֻ֮ƬŮЩסˣҪŮп˵ȴҲǼ򵥵顣
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˵ǰٶȣܿ׷ʱǲҲὫһķأ᲻޷¶Ϊأ
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ŭޱȣȴֹͣͷΪΪ˼ȥԲжϿͷΪ
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Ĭǿ֮ôҲû뵽Լ˳ȴ˰š
ӣưô˵
ӿ϶ưͣһǸҷϣһ
޼ɵĵ٩
ҿһٸͷҪǺÿ
˴ŭòͣͷʱ˲ϵĺˣǡþӸµܰ˵Ŀͷ
м·ͣ·ǰʱǶҲ˶ԷĳĬǱ˻˸ͤ
ʱ˸ոտһٸͷѾǳ˫Ŀ׹ӿ޺޵ĶǸͤеļˡ
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Ǽ˲ƣҲһ취ҲûУսˣǲ롣


1687 ɳɽ
תͷ·ˣһ̽飬ûһ˵ΪԼǱ㽫ŭתƵЩϡ
ЩһڿɵЦɿɲ۸
ŭıЩһ
ಣ
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һֱ겻ɢѵҪҵ鷳
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ˣھԲ֣ܳһˡ
Ůӿޱȣǰ˷֮ǰˡ
СҳЦɣô򣡡
һ˲Ʊ㵽ŮǰֻһŮӣŮӲ¶ʵڶαε߷ɡ
ҲͰˣǰȴǲĵļʱһɽӴԱɽϷ¡
ηɳɱˣ
ǰ˽ӴԱĺȵ
ƨ£
ŭʱ֪Էݡ
Իȫ㣡
ЦһһӣɫͻȻش˹

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۲ʶ̩ɽðǰǰҪһʶ¸ǰͷˡ
˾ֵĹڵأ㱻ŵϡ
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˸ϽشȻһ߹һ߿ͷظǰ飬жôίˡ
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̧ͷȴֱԼɳͲļһﾹȻвԼмҪץ񣬵ܵСɳ㣬ɻãܣ
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ŮӶ仰첽ɽнܿ㽫ǰ
ԴļһˣûʲôΪʲôôùײһΣһΣ߷һΣҿǵù
Ůŭɶȴֻסŭǰ
˼ڿſסеЦ⣬ǸŮҲ̫ùˣƻԼ鷳
ȻŮӺܿŽ񲻲ŮʵЩ͸Է
ιղôǸһԹԹؿͷģ
ŮӿʵʳڣȴԼЩɵĿɰԷ㲻شԼ⡣

һϵֹͣŻعͷ΢Цʱ򣬲ΪԾһУõֶΡǸһҸղŴѣţԾֻܿͷˡ
ʲô㴫ų
Ůû뵽ԷԼ˵ˣ˵Ļȴ˵Լ𾪡
ţûҪƭ㡣ˣʲô֣˵𣿡
綴Ϥһеߣ˫ɢǵĹâ
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ŮԺ˵
Ŷû뵽ôǿɣѹеӶɳǡ
ͷ˵ɽԻԷɶȻв֮
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ӦһϵЦ⵭ֻһʮƽ飬ʲôشܡ
ûϷԼҪĴ𰸣вЩʧоԼûȤ
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Щ˵ϣԴصĸ֣Լ˵ļƻŸпʵ֡
Уڰ鲢Ȥ´ˣֻ·˵أʶһɳǣԲŻѡɳǡ
ʲôȻĿֻ棬û㣬ΪʲôҪɱѵɱҲǺ𣿡
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ҧҧ촽ǰԸǰ˵һĻգ۾˺һᡣ
С˼ٺ٣ô˵Ҳˡ
а
ã̾ΪһԪڵӣȴڵжɽˮȵ
ü΢壬ԷֹһεǿɳһԪڵĶɣԼ˵֮лõļȴûⷽѶϢ
ڣųɽǰʮĴɣɳǽֻڵɳ֮һɳҲųصɳǣ˵𼶱ĸءһԪɽһŲϣֻ֮ܳΪɡȻɻʹɽĸɣȻһԪڵĸҲӲѹϵ㽫ɻʹΪжɣôǧڡɳΪڵһҪݵ㣬Ҳĸ󡣡
㲻ŲæĽ͵ŶԷһᱻԼ򶯡
ŽͣҲһû뵽ɵ۵֮ԶȻɽ˶Ĵɡ
ϸӰ۾ܿȷûѣһʧˣԷȻ׺͵Ц⣬ƺһ㶼Ϊ
˼ҲɽһԪڵӣ㻹Ҵˡ
Цݵ˵Ϣðֱˡ
õĳĬ󣬰ſڵɳǾЩɥ飬Ǿһɱ֮ǣÿ춼Уɱ˲ЩǱ䱾̤ɳǵˣǲǵָ£ǲܻŴɳ߳
һŮӣȴҲɳǵԣɴӱѰ֣ĿıҪɳǵı
߰ɣȥӦ飬ǲǵġ룬Ҿ;ٱ㡣
˻һȫסˣ޺޵˵ϹۣȻΪǺˣ˭֪ȴһ˽Ļˡ
˵󣬷ٵ뿪ֻһıӰ
ıӰ¶ĪЦ⣬Ȼ¿ģʽһһļǰС
ºѾԶԶɳǸߴĳţϵĸָԵצƾˡ
Уа˽ɳǣȻҲɳǣİΣǣΪ֮ǰĬĬһԣ֮ǡ
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Ц˵ʮֵĺͰ
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鷲ڿʼɱɴɳǡһҪסطǽأмǲҴã汾
鷲˵󣬴һԼªķӣвغţɳǽӴԱҲһģСŶӡ
һΧڼһ֮ۼʮˣŮῡ֮ɡ
ЩҲֳ˼ѣ鷲һУ鷲˹ʮһˡ
ǵˣ̫ˣڿɳˡ
һ˷ܵ˵
ֻʮ죬ɿǵһ°ھʮˣüȴˡ
һЩﲻƽ˵
Զԣ˽Ľһ˶飬Ҫĵȴ
ǰҲ֮Уȴһ飬ֻа˸ˣû
λѣɢһ໥ʶһɣǰʱʱ䣬֮ǱҪȥɳˡ
鷲Ц˵Ȼ߿һ֮С
ʱʱǰкҲ΢ЦŵıȭӦȻҲй°֮к
Ϣ̽ȥЩ˵Ϊֱ͵Ĳ񻰣л֮嶼߱ˣΪҲɳǣòǵ
ãһͿԲιɳˡ
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Ǻǣҵһ򶼲
΢΢Ц
ҡҡͷȻĬĬ뿪һڵĵط
ɳǿ湻ˣ˼ʮɳǻҪϲ١
а
ǿԽˣ
鷲֣˷׷űȥΨⲽһҡ
вҲܼªоȻһ͵Ĵ⵹Щ⣬һҪԼδأ
λɳǵȼɭϣλԿѽɳǣˣܲι۵ĵطޡɽҪҽɳǵһǣһῴɳǵɫ֤ҲС
鷲΢Ц˵һڴޱȣ޲̾ǰ
һȺ׳գ϶Ǿһ֣֮ʱֻЩ޶޲


1688 Ǽթ
а
˽봫󣬺ܿ챻͵һ󣬴Ǵ֮߳˽˷ܲѡ
˷ӣ۴һɽȣɽ滷ɽ֮ԶԶûɽ㣬ɽ֮УһƵɳǣҹɽȣɽȵĽԱΪֵƽɫվƽ·ϣ⴦ɽȣ˸оԴһ㡣
鷲΢ЦĿ˵ĸ־ȣƺѾֲ֣ʱ˻ͬУһޡ
ۣɳ̫ˣɴûִɾֱλеɾ
һԵĸ̾
ɳǹȻ鴫̨ͤ¥Ƶıһζҹ飬ֱطͬ硣
һҲ˵
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鷲ЦĻʱޱߵУһɽȾ˲ɳǸΪˣ
β鷲һĽֵϣֵܱ߽ɽʳ̣Χĵ׷׷롣
λʲôԣһнѵġʳﲻζһΪ
鷲ЦȻһֱߵζʼƷ
Ϊ
Χ˷׷׵ɴ˫ۣһš
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ҲҪżζʱ޿̶ҹӦҪУǳ̫ζᱻӴãһʱζһº󣬱λ
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аٴĿǰԣɳǱֵĹ顣
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ͻȻ仰ѻɽ¶صЦ⡣
ʮ˲ȫǰ׳գҲʶΣڣɳʵûҪôãǻ˻Ϊ
ʮУѾһ뿪ʼƷζˣܿһ˿ʼԲʯϴ˵ĵҲ湻ģû˻¿ʼ
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ֻѣѵô̫дɻɢ֮ãֻ£ı
һŮӵǵ˵
ѣǣҲǵһֹ飬ֻǳζҲûа취߳ɳˡ
ֻ̾
˻˵
˽ŵʵ
ʾãǵ˺ô뿪Ȿɳǵ˻ô𣿷ǲôõġǺܸʩСΪڴ˵أΪЧ
ֻ˷еرġ
ǣҪôС֮ˣҪôɢɣΪԸ߲ȥʲôã
˻ɵ˵
ڣһʱҲ벻ԭڡ֮ȻˣǾһ˳Ȼɣ
ֻЦ˵
˵ͷͻȻ·мǱʹ˸ɫ˺ܿ쳯ȥ
ѣ㲻𣿡
Цſʵ
治У˵ط羰ˣζɿڣܹڴ˵س򸴺󣡡
һ仰˵ǶԶԣܿȥ
ѵҪһ£Уҵ취Ϊ
аȻ۲Χĵ򣬵ڴ˵ٶһ첻ȥ
ȵɽ֮ص֮Ҫϲ٣ٶɻϼңɽۣйɳȥĳ嶯
һȻһˣЩУҲС
˵ļ룬ֵʱ˵Ļ֮ĵ˵ȴʹ˸ɫԶ롣
㲢ߣΧ˼ӣҲܸԼʹɫ
ҵĳ˼öɹȻһطϥΧֲ˵ͼĽƣ֮ıѾϢĻΪһֻɽ糣ķɳ棬Ȼݳ˽ơ
˸æģ˭Ҳ֪ѾȻε뿪ɽȣʼһɽжȥڷһʱ˷죬Ȼڼ֮ǰѾûΪ뱾һķɳ档
һɳ漴Ϊ죬ԻΪαڷ֮УΪķֻзɳСĿռȴ仯硣


1689 ٻɹ
Դˣ㣬˼һͻȻ뵽һõαװ취ǿ÷ȫмǶԼ
ԭصԣֻԲδںΪһ壬ʱΪһ壬ڵҲδؿԷмԼ
뵽ȥһͬأǣɽϿգΪһ壬Ȼٵĳɽȥ
ɽϿձǲǿĽƣֻڵΪϷ촩͸Ƶǿ죬ѾıͨɽϿյĽơ
һ·ϣ˲ƣò˰ʱѾԿ·ɽۣɽȡ
ɳǲֻһɽۣλɽ֮ϣɳǵĵͿղϵ˲ƣŸ֮׼һ֮Ũĵط
ɳǣܿ㷢ɳǵķ٣ǴɳǵɣҲԴﵽ֮ڣЩռ֮ŨĵطгһģĴĳϵЩˣڳĲ֡
ʲôɳǣ˵˾һɣȫΪɷģ˽ɳǣǲɳǣƶ𣬶ɳҲȷʵЩڲͬٵطŸֱָݡ
аʱ˼ϣôɳǣǲõôʵһݳ޵˷ѡ
һ·˲УͻȻһǿĽƣȻסԼǰķҲǰľ
ʱΪϷĴ͸˲õĽƣҲԵֵƬƾȻסĴ͸ȻǿȤ
˲һȦҲͷ͵ģϵıǽײɣ⵹ʮټ顣
ֵ򲢲󣬵ȴɳǵĺĵشﵽôܣ
û´ӦɵۼõĽƣһž˵ܣܹ룬Իо޴ջ񡣡
аȻԴķվǷǳߵģΪҲ޷жǷɵ
˽֮ǿĽƱǿϾɽ磬ɵۼĸԶʮ޵ġ
ڽ֮⣬Ÿòô룬Ǵ᲻ᱻýƵɵ۷֡
˼һ޷еĺģǾðһԣɵ۲õĽƣʩչ屾壬屾ʹ£촩͸ƵΪǿ
ԭǿԴ͸һнƵģֻҪʩչ߾߱һΪѾﵽɵ֮ǿĽǰҲͬҲ
ﬣ
ǿײڽϣײڴ˴ɳǵĽأ򣬶ɳע⡣
һγ㷢ƱԼҪΪǿ󣬼Լʩչ屾ϷǿԣȴҲ˲֮С
ѡԵķʽͻƣ׼һ㣬Ȼ㾡ȫϵĹ㣬ھʱĹǿĽڳϸ΢Ѻۡ
ӦòɵأӦͷƵ쳣ǣҲųɵѾ쵽ˣǾˡ
˷Ҳһðյ̽ɵ۸ǰԼȻٶܡ
һδεŬջǽƴ͸һ˲䣬ٶȳ˽ȥ
ѾƺǳƵ΢СȱھȻ¸ˣҲ˵Ҫ뿪˵أҲҪͬŬ
֮ɳߵһɽƺ󣬾Ȼɽ֮¡
һɽɽµ֮Ҳ˵ĳ㣬Ѿɳκһɽۡ
ܱߵ֮ҲεϲãŨ֮ǲһ㣬˷Լɷѿˡ
ɽ¾Ȼûκ̽УûзκˣɽУ̽ҲʮޣǻǿɽطҪǿĶࡣ
ܣɽƺûôֵģɽϵ֮Ϊ㣬Ǳ㿪ʼɽн
ɽû·Ҳɵڴ˵طУΪ⽫п¶Լм
֮Уɳ棬мϢڴнʱڷ˵Ĵڡ
һɽ͹ʯϣʱһָ֣߱żˣ⼸˷ֱֳڸʯϷĲҩˮ
ȻˮͨˮƾĸоЩˮҲƶɵģЩˮºһŨζ
ţһҪƺˮķǶһݣᵼЩҩһݣҲӰЩҩҩԣ֮˭ҪǷˣɡ
еָţЩˣвɸоŪˣû뵽Լһɵȴ䵽˿ҩݵĵز
ЩˣγˣһɲҩȻĸԸ֮£ֻϧɽҲûкҩȻǣҲעĽ֡

һ˵ͻȻһ£ֱӵǽˮʧأǣˮһɻȥ
ͣ
ȵɻ޷ܣ̶Ļ֮ܿˡ


1690 Է
֮˵˭£
ʧֵ˽ŵĽһֻԼʱ־Ĺڵأҩʦ²ǹģҩʦһλᣬһ
Χ˽ԽŶͬҡҡͷһʯʼӰּ¼
ӣٻ߼Ʒɹһ֤꣬ȷ䣬ﲻ⣬ɵ۷ɱ
߲˵в˿֮ͬġ
ҩʦϣ˭޴֮ҩʦѵһҪϾɱ𣿡
˱һ˿ϣʵ
ɵƹܴ˵أΪǳΪϸҩʦѾྫɵɣٻ˳ΪȼҩõҲ߱ԹˣԹ׼ɣˣԪ֮Ҳ޷ֲɹĹЧ
ĮȻ˵
һ㶣ϵĿ־˲תΪŭ֮ɫɽҩʦȻ㲻ɻ·ǱҲͻȥˣơ뵱ֻʶһɳǵŮݣΪ֮˱ɵ෨ǵȻɳǵλƭ˵ֲҩݡҩ˵ֲģΪΪȻ˱ɵķк˵һ죬ϢᴫģʱɳսȺֱ֮𡣡
ǣҲˣɳ֮ǰõĳϣȻֻǸСɣȴҲù˼ҵӡÿƴȻ̺Щҩֱħ˵Ϊӣɽ֧㣬ͬھҲԸˡ
һ͵Ľеڵϣһ˲䣬ȴһǿУаˮҲû
ʯϹаˣȴǱ죬󲿷˵¶־ɫ
ʹãʹð֣ǧҪҩʦͷɣ
Ȱ
ǣǽɳ֮˱Ѿעαȥ˿أšãĲ֪ҩʦֶΰ֪ޱȺڵġ
һ˿Ȱ˵ҡͷ
һĻҲһЩ飬ԭɳǵ֮УвٱΪ汻ɵۼĽƣЩ˸ӵóȥЩÿעҩҲζ˵Ϊڴ˴õ츳һ㣬Ϊˡ
зǶˣҪԶ֣־أ
Цƺλߵĸо
ֵܣһ֣Ȼҩݣȥɣ
ӸȵɽҪնҩʱǻѾǰˡ
һ˲䣬˻ӦȻǰһȻ˶Է֮С
ɣȻڱǰԻҩݣֱǴԲѣ
ߵϸֳһ˿˷ܵЦ⡣
˶һۣͬʱ˶Էеľ־壬˸û뵽ߵΪǿȫ˶˵
㾹һ޽ɣõĴ޽ɾﵱһֲҩݵҩʦѵͲί𣿡
Ƶʵ
ίһ㶼룬̷ܹ𼶱ĸΪɵҡָоЩλǲܶġˣǿˣɿɲɱǣҳϵģɶ֪жôء
ֳɱ⣬ĥŰɱҷˡ
ֵܣˣ㲻÷ġ
ߵˣͻȻʮֵĹⲻȥ
ⲻ顣ֱܲӣһֱȥԸȥһ˰ˣٺùϼһĥ
һ˸˵Ѿ˱֮ġ
Ƕ޴ķΥ汾ɺֻ·һڱɵ֮У˭ҲȲǣڣɾŰɱǣЧȣ
ͻȻӿһ̵Ļ棬һ֣Ķ˶ʱɫ䣬û뵽ߵĻ˵ǿ
ಣ
һƿǻ߾һû뵽˲䴳Լ
γڿУϴ׺͵Ц⣬һ͵ĺɫۣ˫ΧĿռ䡣
˷׷׵ɴ˫Ŀ˭Ҳ֪˭Ҳ֪ΪλͻȻ֣֮ɵĴ޽߲õΪһͬСɡ
ԺзһȴǶûӡԼδ
¹ӭǰã֪ǰк·Ը¶ǰָ
߱ϹϾĹ˵Թ۲ŶԷ沿飬ϣԿݡ
ɱǶˣ
Цʵ
߾һŵͷǰˣһ˻ٻɹһΥԣҪɵ۷ּɱǡ
Ŷɼǵ˵˭ҲȲǣǱǣ֪кθ룿
Ц˵ͣǶͬʱпϲû뵽Σ֮ʻǰ˳ȡ
ԣǵͨ죬ҲŶԷ˵˼ҪԼԣȫԼ
Ǻǣҩʦ㲻һֱΪһôڼǰҲˣ
޼ɵĳѾȥˣ˱һ֮ǰжȴ
ǣղſºڣǸЦˣǰǰһԹ߹˿Υ棡
һҲԸ͵
Ǳ죡
ּŭȵ
ССҩʦȻڱǰȣѾ˱ɵļɻ䣬ݱɵķҷߣɱ
ϵЦԽŨˣЦڻȴ˵ĿֲԷȻҪɱԼβû
ǰ¾ԲΥǰκ˼ţǽǱ죬Ƿǰļɻ䣬ǰ졣
ڵأıš
˵ȥĻͬóȥˮˮաԭͣҲᷨ⿪Ѿûˣһʲô԰ɣ
׼֮֮ھ
аϲȴԲðϣͬʱڵأڽˣҲ׷׹
ǰ֮ǰ顣
ޱȣԼôزʶǿɷǡ
Ƕ˾ñɸò飿
Цˡ
ǰ²СĻٻɹҲ֮ȴԸ顣Ĺأǰ顣
ӹ˵΢΢¶ϲЦ⡣
ǰ֮ǰ죬£ǰ˵ǰҪͲܻ
һ˽ӿ˵ϵıͬ˷ޱȡ
޵鶼ˣԼʲôԷҲ磬Լʲôʾˡ
ţȻҶôΪôֻ·һ

ߣ
ͻȻӵվ𣬷ŭֱȵǰӡΪɺ۸Ǿʹشˡ
ŶɻΪеû뵽ôҪǽˣѵÿս𣿡
Ц˵һҲû߷
ɽ֮У𼶱ĸ֣ɾӡΨȴû˿ӡ󡣼ǿд˱ɵҲһ˵жǿΪֻҪ㲻𼶱ĸ֣ôɾͲ㡣ʵ㣬ӵд޽ɺڵΪҲδػǱɵĶ֡
ߵһɨǰǷ֮ϴżȵš
ԣͬʱҩʦԼǱɡ
Ŷ֪ɽж𼶱ĸ𣿡
ɵʵʵ̽ʵϾɶԷ֮壬õļҲʮޡ
ߣɳǣʮ𼶱ĸ֣ɽ֮Уƶʮ𼶱ĸ֣Щ֣ɿ䡣㣬಻޽ɺڵΪ㻹п뱾ɵΪͬ޽ڶѣǰߣһǺߣؽش
˵Խ¶
ǰɣʲôʱҲ˰ײ˼ۣһССɳǣȻʮ𼶱ĸ֣ôӵи֡ȻɽһԪҲֻһ𼶱ĸ֣ҪһԪڣͬһֻô򵥣
΢Цȴ˲Է͸¶Ϣʵ̫ˡ
֮⣬˸ĿɿڴɳǺˣȻӵ˶֡
ѣԩ޳Ϊ뱾ͻʵڲֵá磬ѸһɸΪ񲯣ˣգ
һв󣬻߿ʼ׳֦׼Էͽ⣬򣬾Լ˶ԷȴҲ޷֮壬֣ԼҲֲ˱ˣʧȥĿǰӵеһС
еνԩ˽ⲻ˽ᡣ
Ц˵ǻЦ⣬Ϊͬ˺ͽ⣬Ƕҡ
룬ʵ˺¡
޵
ֻƫƫϲ鷳ԩҾԩңΣ㱾ɱ㣬Ҳǰɱѡ
һתﲻݡ
ãڱŭ˷ɽһٳɫĻ棬ȴ˵ĿЦ
ȻһҲ磬Ǿʹʹսһɣʱڵġ
߼ɫսףսȻ˵
ǰСĻ棬ĻɫҩЧ޾һ֮塣
ӽŵѵ

߲ɻ䣬ŪƵŻ棬ӵ£̫ˡ뱾ͬΪҲ޷ֵɵĻ湥
ôҲͦϲ濴ͦģϲ̨棬ĽԷ٣
Ầ¶ԷĻ棬ΪߣƿصĻҲԽǿ
֪ͳһ±ɻ
˵֮䣬һƳһ̵Ļʱ
ǰСģ
ͬʱĵѵ
ȴֶȻֿҲ㣬ȫԼ۾


1691 ֮
Сɣд
ߴŭ޲Ի潫Էճɻҽ
δܣ̻ײڿװؿϣȻ˿ϵЦҲδ̡
޿ܣ
߷ֶԷȻӲԼĻ棬һ̬ȣûд󾪣ǲаļǿ˻湥ơ
ɫĻʱ˶ΪջѡܣȴԭأȻĳܻĹ
ԾĻ£΢ЦЦȴĴ˻ߣԼĻ˲йĻɡ
Ϊʲôӵ𼶱ΪҲֱֵҷĻ棬ӵսҲֵܵ棿
һţ׹ӿ֣һߣֱ汾ɵĻ棬Իڵġ
Ѿ˵ˣϲ̨Ļ棬ʵڲֵСʹǿɣǱɸĻᡣ
ǰԼĻֱǲһ㣬ǵȵԼʱûκλᡣ
ûһʵǲŵģΪûʵʮ޴ΪͺñȶԷǽţȫʵǿĻϡ
߼̵ľʹˣʱ⣬¹Ĺؼʱ̣޷ܶԷǽζŽʧȥȫȨ
ƶڴʱûκε壬һеÿʵ˵˭ȭͷӲ˭ϴ󣬷֮ǰܿܡ
кķмŻȼյЩγһȦֲѤ𺣣УȴǰȻ
ߵӼ͹ۿе鲢δԼǿĻ£ԷȻЦ⣬ڸ
ǻЧұȫʧȥϵƣҲڲ֮ء
а
ǰ̫ˣȻҩʦĻ
ҩʦܶˣ
еĶͬʱ˷ܵĻֱԼսҪɪ
Ƴ˶һۣһͲ֪͵һôڶԷƤµɪ׼ûʲô¡

Ȼǻ߱һƣʱ˶֮ԣȻ̲סŭ죬һնˡ
˾Ǻ׼ڻܣǻߵΪ˵Ϊʵڵ˲ֹһΡ
һ֮£һ˵ɱ壬һնһ첲ΪŵĶǰ
ߣɿɲʸЦģ죬ھ𣡡
ȵǰҵЩš
ǰô־£
Ǹɱ˲ʵ屻ɱˣʱʻҲЩȵʳʱȴѾĪˡ
ѣȡ˵ɪʲôҪ㣿ʱɣɱ𡣡
аȵһЦ֮Ų˵һֱӦŵǸ
㵽˭Ϊβ屾ɵĻ棿
мҪѪˣѾȴûаЧԷȻһЦ⣬ֱǶԼĪЦ
˭ԶҲ֪ģΪ㼴ĿΪβĻ棬Լ󡣡
ĻشǻĻһ
£ԩ޳δı棬ΪҪɱɣ
вģҪʳһڶԷϢ
ðɣ޴ѵɱҪô
ûôɵ¶Լĵϸ
ȥ
߱׼ŭˣͻȻһСƿҩıдݵЦ⡣
оâһţԷҩȻԼһʶĸоұܵͻȻ쵽ΣյϢ
޽ڵ˾ȻҾ쵽ΣգζʲôѵҩԴΪҲ̫̬˰ɣ
аԲ²⡣
ЦȴЩԥʹеƿҩΪϢ
գ
һΧɫͻȻ׷׳ӿȥЩȴѸٵʧ
ɻ棿
߲˵ңǿĶ֣ԼҲֻʣѡ񣬷ԼѡĻᶼûС
ŶԷĶʱɱķѶ
νõķʽĪ֮սûսսҵΪޣȻԷΪǾһɣ
аţԷһǿҵĻᡣ
֮꣬ҩϧҲҩһãΪᱩǣֻսʤҩ߶ܵصķɣˣΪˣߣԪ֮彫ڻ𡣱֮˵ô࣬㣬ѵҪȱһ𣿡
߶ݵ˵֮䣬ȻԸѡֻԷǲŹ֮䣬ԼҲֻһ
ҩ֣Ϳ֪ʲôöȼ֮֮ͬɺ֮ܺﵽʲôʵԣ㲻Ҫҩɣ
νʼ磬ϵЦǻµĶħ


1692 ı
޺ͽᣬҲηˣСĽĵһ֮꣬Ȼ󻺻С
ԺʹҩļһһҪΪǿɸԷᡣ
аԾ裬Ϊҩ̺ʵǿˣǿҲֲСӵ̬
ҩ̫ΪβֱأѵΪղеҩڵĸʹãΪҲؽưɣǣҿֱҩһݾ
뵽кε¶̰ĹâǱϵĺöŪֵġ
ƺҲ쵽Ŀ⣬սҩ鲻Խ˵ɱ֮⣬ҩĲǳͣɺķ֮ãںɹ˵Ԫ֮ƵġҲֻţʹһţʣ¶ţⲻԵõĶ
ܵԷΪ˴޽ɺڣЩʧҩԼԻ̫һ㣬ֻöԷΪ޽ɺڣ⻹ֱһ޽ɺ˵֮塣
ΣյԺδѵ֮ꣿ
˼ţȴǻΪӡ
㱾ҲԲŹ㡣
ߴһеɽ͵ն͵Ľ˲˺Χ
һͻȻʧӰ٣ǻһ֮£Ȼն֮⣬ЩҩֱӴܵһ
ջؽĻᶼûУϾʢŭµһһҲԳ֮⣬ɲһлһ

Ѫһ㣬ʱ˿˱ľģԼ˶ԷҲԲŹԼԼɡ
۵ıɣ
˵ҰްһԵĽʣµĶҩ̷˲籬ըܡ
ȻڽУʱѾԿ϶ΣղߣˣԣԼΣǱڵΣ
߷ţͬҰް㴷ţɺҩͬʱΪǣ˴޽ɺڵΪֻ𼶱ΪңԶľ롣
Ͼ޽ɺڵҲѴڵˣΪԲԵʣߵΪǣȴҲۡ
ȥˣ
±֮־̷ҩȴǿĵʧˣֱǸĪķ̡
һ˷׷ܣΨֱߵķŭǣƽ̨ϵҩݣٻ൱ء
쵰б²Ҫزڵģɹ
˻ŭϵıԽǵһȴҲûκεĻش
ڷ̽һ󣬻߼ҪˣԷƭԼ֮󣬾ȻͬʧӰ٣ζžԼƴҲ޷˶Էһͷ
𣡡
˫۵ɵͬţۣͬһ㣬񱩵ĽնЩֲɲݡ
Ѿη壬ŭҪͷţпܱ
ҩʦʹðЩҩݣȫֻ·һ
һ˹˻ߵǰΪҩݣԼҲֻ·һ


ûÿľУԷɽȻն£һֲĲҽ˱ֱɱ壬Ԫ֮Ҳͬʱըˡ
һıըΧҩֱӱըӰ٣Ҳ֮屬ըĲһʱ䣬ҽڶ
ɱɱһе·ˣ
ͬˣ׹¶ֱɱʣˡ
ԻߴʱΪٿɵԱȻǰǸ˵֮Ȼ塣
˵Ļ߸ΪײУԲ̵ֶΣܿ㽫Χȫʰˣ˵֮Ҳûѡ
֮ĬĬĹ۲ţжЩ˲޶֮ͬģЩ˼Ȼɳǣ͸ľ
˵Щ˵Լû̫ĹϵˣǶԷһֽѡ

߿ݣȴҲ޷ŭû߼Ҫˡ
ڴʱһӰٸӰڻǰʱߵһеɽֱӵ棬ڵء
²μˣ
߱ܵ˵оԲΥ˵ΪζѸٵ
һϮɫսף磬ͷϴһŽâĻʹڣ˫кȻֻվԭأΧĿ½ȡ
ǿһһ߱ڵΪһǸɱħͷƾɢʱɸ֪
аԭΪԼҲɱ˿ħˣǰһֱС׼ס
˻ӿűϢϢ֮ǿѾ޷ڲأҲԼΪʲô쵽Σյ١
ʹ಻ӣȴûеطͷţڶԷǿ£ߴ죬иǿ־ޱȡ
ˣ·֮ԭ׼ͷΥˣǲ֪һΪǿļһǿĻҲ޿κΣΪ˲˶¾עһʹ֮֮꣬ǸһȴܵӰ١
߲˿ϹϾ˵ȴԼϣΪбʮŰ˾ŲŹԼὫԼƤҡ
ʼһ仰Ҳû˵ǿȴѹŻߣû׹ѡ
ˣ޿⣬˶ְɣĸԸϣ±ѩޣھȪ֮Ҳлˡ
߼˵˿ԼҲֵˡ
Ȼ˵ֻ΢΢תɨΧһУƺԸŹκε˿
ѵڵˣôҵĸоǿ󡣻У񿴴ҵ
аû֮УֻǵмΪԼ̫ģǷǳпܷԼټġ
ˣ
ڿˡ

зһ
㷸Ǳɱ㣬֪Ϊʲô𣿡
˫ֻǰ˵
޶ۣ֪⣬л˲ɱ֮
аϲŻش
ԶҲ޷Ϊλߣ̫ˡ㣬̷֮꣬һֱھֹ״̬Уܿ죬㽫ķɶʹ̵ĳͷʽñ֣ҲĲҲ̶á֮ǰռΪá
ƤЦⲻЦ˵˻һɱԵΪλ᲻ɱԼˣǸĻ⡣
ҪһԱʹҲֻһ˲䣡
һ֮䣬ߵ׼Աȴڴʱ˻ּʹϵ
ȫˣȫǺ£޷ʩչ֮ԱʱŷԼַһ޴Ĵ
ȻԼΪô˽£ǿԸ֪Լ뷨ģҲԼھ֮Աһ˲䣬Ѿ͸뷨
ΪɳѪһֱǶħУֻܹ̫ˣ
ˣ£ԼŴ޽ɳڵΪɳǣԼ˵Ŀˡ

ЦһȻһѪɫģƿӣƿڿУɢѪɫâıѩҲסˡ
Ҳ޷ڵǿҲʼԼ壬ͬĵʹ࿪ʼһϮ̵ҲʼĻ
ּȻʼ󷨣ƺǻߵڵأ󷨾ȻԼķõģһҲʮֵĺ棬뿴Ϊ
ԼĪʱͻȻӿһ⣬е󾪣ԼʣôԵ޹ʵĸоأ
ʲô֮ңĪ󷨿ԽУ
뵽ԣ̾
ѣ׼صʲôʱ򣿡
ͻȻЦ˵ĻͬڵҲʧ
˲ƣҲͻȻ˲ƣķҲòԭأĿʧȴѾԼǰԶ
ԭͷˡ
䲻֪Ҫ˵ġ
ǵģͷˣΪڱ޴ɲأ֪𣿴˾ıǱרΪ׼ģϧȴһ飬Ϊ̽鲻ټƺЩЦԸ
Ȳ˵ϴŰٷְٵţԶֶԸѾе
ı󣬲֪ʲôر֮
ùܶԷôԼԼԣµı󷨡
㲻Ը޴ѵñϸܾıĲ֮𣿺Ǻǣ䵱Ķ֡
ͷмЩԼǲǽͷˣôΪĴþıأ
ô㻹ʲô񶾵Ļһ˵ɣֻ£Ҳûл˵ˡ
в޾⣬Էڵĸ֣Ҳ֮һۡ
˵ǵһ˿Ц⣬ĿͻȻƯǧЩȻҲɫģϵΪһ壬һɫ硣
һ׼ٻڻ֮⣬ȴûͷų棬ԭӦô洢Ļһ˲ʧӰ١
翴ɫԽԾˣɫڲϵĸڽ¡
սףȻоһĺֱӿļ䣬ԴԼ󣬺ܾû˺ĸоˡ
ڵĻȫˣô£̫ˡ
ӺԽˣڵôܻʧǺʱʧģ
һڴĿ鲻ԽĴ˸£ط̫ˣƺ䵽˵
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˰Ȼ˵ֱǲмơ
бǣ˵һǿûл£Ѿھ޴֮С
аû뵽ԼĻڴʱʧȥЧ
ðɣ㲻ϧᣬǾȫûлˡ
ȻһЦ˫ͬʱڿ趯ǧɫͻȻ鲼ռ䣬֮⣬ռҲ𽥵ѹ
ռе¶ȽͣϸɫЩϸ麮սϣս׵¶Ҳ֮㡣
ߣɲƾѹɴﵽĿģɣЩѣûʲô˵ġ
ҧҧǲ˾ͷ䡣
Ѱ·
˫΢΢ģѸٵļɽɽȻҲɫġ
Ѫ
аͻȻñΪߴѪɫĺâʹĺҪࡣ
뱾𶷷ɳǲֻոսڣǱĶ֡
ȵԴƣȻڶԷֶΣûκεЧ
ôһ䣬б±ܱɣѿ֮ܡ
ûо˱ᣬԷΪԽǿ󣬷еޱս⡣
ɽ֣һӣеЩɫʱΪУһҲһ㶣Ķеɽ
һɽȻɽɽˣߣˣΪá
ɢ̰Ĺâ˿Ρ
һǲ򵥣ԲСƶԷһСľͻ﷭
аԾ衣
б¹ãɲնצӡ
΢΢ЦһڶԷǰչֳȻЦ⡣
ţһ֪ıһɵҲ˱ᣬοڵˣ
˹Цɽ͵ڿзʱǿǧɫӿ糱ĳ
ն
нһ˲նʮɷΧڵɫΪޡ
ȻǼƷɽ
Լٴɽʱٻɫ
ˮڣ
ʱ޷ͷŻ֮ԿȴɽԷɫÿһι嶼Ắһ֡
һٻһƻɽǿǿսƽ֣ȻڶԷľıУǳ˴
Ƭ̺Ѿоȫͬ׹˱֮УɽֱҲ˲Լĺжٻ
ãһıϵ󷨵ЧҵĻǳȥұذɡ
аľ
㵹мʵԼƬ֮áɿ˺֣
ЦѸٵƣΪǳɱǿ
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֮ĸоᵽϢ֪Խ£ԽܾţΪΣա
һбɱ㣡
Ϊռ˾ԵƣʹǿΪٻɫѾΪ̬״ǻ۾ıǿȻںڵľԽɱԷ
޿ܣ
ŵĺķѾﵽֵ˲ˣǿжסԷѹеɽڿлĽ
Ҳ̾ǿʱżǽıȫȫڼһϡ
ʱŷԼһ޴ĴǵƾԷΪԲܶԼγɾԵƣıӳ֣ԷѾﵽ˾Ƶĳ̶ȡ
Сӣпܱһɱ
аʹӳΪ˲˽һˣȻòա
ˣһ֮
ڴʱͻȻ˵
ķɽ֮ӿֳɫĻ棬ͻı仯ҲΪ֮һ㶣û뵽ڵ˻ǿʵȻ۷״̬Լ
츳֮ѣڵΪҵ£ҲܵסһԲ򶨳ĸ󻼡
ɱȻ׼ƽǿĹնɱ
Ѫӳ£ѹеΣҲʧ
ڴʱԺͻȻѸٵӹһ棬еھ֮ܵӲƴ

˾ıľ˵һͬ׺䶥ƣϵķʽ
ǧɫһ֮Уγɵƾ춯أıҲƺ޷ǿҵĽıĿռڷš
ɱ
˫εվڵϣ˫սɽ͵ķһŭһɽɫĽӭ˶ԷĽ
һ̣ı类ǿҵĽȫ˺ˣ˵Ľγɵʵ̫ˡ
¡¡
ǿĽ¡¡ııҲ޷ǿıըˣ˼ڷһ˲Ľ˾ı󣬷ԼܸΪصķɡ
¡


1693 
ɽѵҲǿ÷ˣ˳ɵľ롣
˵һռԵƣڵɽ󣬾ıǿǲལһϮѡֱֵԷǿ󹥻
ˣ֮Ҳڣ
жԣڷ˵ͬʱ˫ƣΨֻᱻԷ֮Ա˼
ɽһǧɵľ޴ӣҲ֮ʧɽ򲻶ϵҡΣ𲻶ϡ
˲ƣȴûеԷ֮屬ըвɻǷѾˣϾŵıըˣɽǱɵۼӹֻ̹¸ղŵһαըɽɸǿĻٻ
ಣ
ɽʮӰٵĳɽЩ˵ٶ𼶱ĸ֣Զʱ
ŵıըγɵѾɽеһˣôٻᷢǿıը
޴ӵϷ̽鵽Χ󣬲ü˫ӿֳЦ֮⡣
Ѫ﷢ʲô飿
һ뷢԰׵ɻʵ·ľ޴ʱԽȡ
ǲǳԱ˳ˣȻҹܱ£
Ƴ˶ԷһۣʮֲѺõ˵
ͷĺߣû뵽Լǰʺ򣬶Էȴ˲飬Ҳ̫ˡ
Ѫ̫ˣһƬģο˷̱𣿡
磬ȴȳԱ
˵Ĵ΢΢̣һҵıεĴɢɱ𼶱ҲΪ

ȵǧϢͻȻŰӿȥǰΪѾﵽڣȴҲܵ˱Ϣ
һ˲䣬˶ԷŵľѪȻţȴ㹻ŵʱԼǶذɡ
ȿȣϢŭ̾ߣԲҵ֡ܷԸ¾ǡ
ƢЦ⣬ϹϾĹ˵
һ֮еɽ͵һǰ˱ŵĴ˸飬ˣ¸ǣ
ǰ𷵻ʱ·𣬵˵Լ׷ԭ·ء
ԼĪƬֻ̺Χ˼˺󣬵
ĵ̣˵Ҵ룬𶨻ɱ䡣
˻ˣŵ˵
ǣûĸԸˣܿȫȥ
𼶱ҲҴ룬˾͸ˣû˸ǰ˵أˣʱǾȡļƷɽǲ뱻ײ
ο֪ɱһ͸˵֪Լ˶ɵ۾̫ˡ
ҩʦһˣû£һĲ鲻Ըɣ
Ƶ˵Χָ֮ſʼʶ̽ΧκϢ
ɽ֮У˵̽ͬܵƣԾǾ޴Ӷ֮Уһϸ̽¶˼Ĺâ
ԱˣɽȴڻȻɽôڴ˵أ
ɻ˵¿Ӷ̽飬Ȼûҵɽ
ܰɣ
ˣô̽飬ҲҵҪȡɽ
ʱڿӶ֮УȻڱ֮Ѿ
ŵһȻ£Щ£һ˵ǿ⣬ںǿĺıȫǸҩҩʦ֮Ա
ֵһҲñԷĽУ˲䱻նѪģԼн򣬸ղһͲ㱻Էɱ
ķҲΪ⣬ΪɵۼҲδظӲԷĽǿֵ˶ԷĽأȴҲ
ڷ֮Уǳ֮ѸٵĻָ壬ӵôǿĻָȴҲ˲ָ
Ѫ֮ԻһнҴܣʵҲкܴĹϵǲþıûôǿ󡣻ţһӵлҲôԡ
ܽţԼ֮󣬶ԷԼγɵвҲ࣬ȻֻǷѡ
ǧѰѰȴʼ޷ѰҵɽڣɽƬҲûѰе߳ŭ
Ѿǧ࣬þĴô෨ȴһ񣬿һʧҩݻأ˷۱
Ҳֻεķ
ʮ֮Ʋȫָĸ˵ԼھһεսԽǿˡ
ಣ
ݳ˷죬Ҳھ޴ӵĵײ
浽ô£˵ʧʧȫһš
ɲʧȥǿ֮һ˵ĹѾ˸飬ȴûн⿪е
ƵͬʱһϤĺڰȴʼڵ֮ߣⲻǱɫؼôѾû˺ɫ


1694 Ѫ
ûü˼ԺȴĳһصĻ棬УһģΣźڰɺڰ˲ȼԾĻ޾ĺڰ
Ծ棬ҲֻܴԵļţ۲ʱԺеͼѾʧӰˡ
Īڰؼһ飬һǿһ
а룬Դͷ֮͸Լ󣬽ˣԼȴûоڰؼ
ȻڵѪʱڰؼ˵ǾԼԯһȴͻȻð᲻ԼڵĻʧйϵ
עٻǺڰؼϣеݣȻٻȴʼ޷ٻǱԭΡ
һźɫ״˫֮УٻڰؼĽźɫ״壬ҲЩˡ
ѵҵмܣ켼ܣҲȫʹˣ
뵽ԣ󾪣Ҫ֪츳ԼʮֵҪʧȥ츳ԼΪҲչļΪԼսҲ½һء
Ѫ
ֵĽеԼȴûκεı仯ԲˬȻʧȥԭеĹá
һ̫ˣ޷ʹǵҼǰʹѪڹ˼죬Ҿ޷ʹˡ
οԼһʹѪ
ûȴûκһı仯ζŵڶεʧȥЧֵĽˡ
ʮ飬ȷĳʧܣаԾ塣
ӳ
ȵСʹȴ޷ʱԼӳκεҲȻʧȥЧˡ
һҵʵս½̫ˡͷǹ⺦ҵİɣ
ʮѵõĿɥϽʣ¿ɬЦ⡣
ʧ֪Ǹ鲢ûô⡣
˫еĺɫ˵
ֱ̫Ũˣ˫޷͸ɫ޷Լġ
ӺɽõĺҲʧӰˣǺƺڰؼˡ
뵽ۣ֪лȻʣԭԼڵĺڰؼ˵ЩԼڣҲԼʧôࡣ
ڰؼ㾹ȻҵҵĸôǿܸòҰװʧôôɣеĶźɫ
עеĺɫǺɫԣƺҲԼֹĴѵҲԣ
ǰĻɽֻǵʽӵԣҲֻԼɽʮ㣬ɫԼɽᲢ
ף
еĺɫͻȻʧˣȻδԼص֮ڣ֮⣬ԼɽȻڶݳ
ɫɽڿţٴУʱһźɫɽĶ棬Ҳɵɴ۾ֱԼǰĹ顣
̫ˣҿɲЩûͷԵĻ棬Բɵġ㵨ҹҾɱɢ
ɫ˵˵ȴʾĵʮּɵĺɫ
ɫڿ˵⣬ռһ޴ڶǽԽˣҪ
ȻΪǻ۵Ľ飬׵ڶԷǺɫҲʹ˰֣˫ڿжš
ڰؼҵɽˣǳΪʧȥһ뷨ıˣ
ЦڴڰؼܹԼϲ
ɣҿɲ㣡
ƺѾս׼
ɽʧȥƿص£޵ģһʼǿ󣬵ǵľ޴ɽҲɱ½
ɫڿתţȻ۳һмЦҲЦɫȻԡ

ȵһնĺɫ
ڽ޼᲻ݣǺɫƺԵ̫ˣȻһնʧΣҲЩʧ䡣
ƺ֪ɫ˲ƵһطǺɫ˽֮ǰڵλá
ɽɫ˲ƣ죬ǶսҲﵽ˴޽ɺڵļ𡣡
а²Ķǵս
ͣ
ɫڿзѹײܿ죬ɫȻγһɽ״ɽһֻͬɫһǽɫģһǴɫ
ȻԾĻںͷɫγɽ״󣬾Ȼ𽥵ʵ廯ñΪһɫɽ
ôܱ仯Ϊɽⲻܡ
мˣ뵽ԷҲɽƱԼΪǿ
˻潣飬㡣
ӿɫĻ棬澹ǰӵеĻҪǿЩɡ
ɫɽڿһͻȻӿֳɫĻ棬һǰһƺԼҲûﵽ


1695 ðɵ
һĹ򣬽ɫͷδʶǿ棬Լֱĺ£ϾһôԼҲǵˣԾǵĴڡ
ɫɽԷ˽ɫɽϿգɫɽȻһնȥɫɽͬӭϽ
˫ΪڻϵǿⳡսļæýƣҪǱѪ쵽ֻ»Լķ
ɫɽĻҪǿĶ࣬Ȼѹס˽ɫɽǽϣڻϣɫɽҪʤֹһ
ˣɫɽҲûܣȻǿսţ֮󣬶ߵԷ½սȴԽʾˡ
鲻Ƕ֣ɫɽȻʵ
ܿ쿴ˣǺɫɽ½ķɿ죬ܿʧȥǰƣʱɫɽȫԸȴֻ뽣ƽ֡
ɫɽɱĺ֮ʣǺɫɽͻȻˣޱߵĺڰɫɽӿȥʱ󾪣ҪܣԷȴӰΣܿ쳯ɫɽϸȥ
ͣ
´ֹͣǺɫΪĵ˻ΪһźͣУɫɽҲɵ֮С
飬ǲҵĻ
Цʵ
ˣɵģ޷ֹԾͽһְˡ
ش
ûҵǾԲгҾԲ໥򶷣ǸһΣһὫȫ𣿡
Ȼ¶ŨŨɱ⣬ǶԼķҲ̫ݣ򣬳ԿĻԼ
ǷԲΥ˵򣬼Ǿ䱦ҲҪ֮׻
ɱ⣬ɱɢ鱻ŵĲΪ壬һɱ죬ȻԸܵ
вģǽʱѾȫ֮£˷ģҲΥˡ
źɫҲܵǿɱ⣬ʱҲûģϵĵͷʾ
룬һеĺɫѾǰźɫ仯ģʱǺɫȻ¡
ֹ̽ϣ
аǺɫ㽫Լȫ֣Է޷̽Լȴĸ֪
̽飡
ɫɳȥɫֱӷ˿Ӷ֮⣬ͨƺɫԸ֪Ӷ֮
Ϊɽ
ٴǺɫ˲仯ɡ
սɫɽʱɫɽ˲һ֣˵ҶԿɵ۵ͷ
仯ɷ
ɫһƣƾȻɽƷķԼɽҪǿ
ˣǲǿˣҪˣ
ͻȻ˵ڵġ
ȻᣬǶǿķһһ㣬Ҳ⣬Ƕӵʶƺȫһ¡
Ц˵ʶ뷨
ˣҵʶɽ½١
ƽ˵϶˾ԲԼʶ
ŶȻˣǾǵʶֻһҪһΥҾͻǡ
˵󣬶ͬʱͷĶ
ٺ٣˹֣ܶҵսǲʱǸѪսҲиʤ㡣
뵽¶΢΢Ц⡣
ףСӾȻţ
ӶϷȵѪ·̽鵽Σд󾪡
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵
΢΢һЦ˫ͬʱսϿշȥ
ܣûôף
ѪΪӣڿӶϷýƣһɳȥʱѾ˽֮С
һΣɲٸԷ᲼þıĻᣬӶԷһԷ춯Լչ
ѪӶɳˣΣҲû뵽Էˣһô⣬Լǰ಼ãǰ׷ѹˣ
㣬ôţ
Ѫ̲סʵеľȴڷŭ
һûɱɣԣɻš
ӶԷԲм˵
ѪĶŶԷƾĿ⣬Էƺû˵κμ󣬿ǣԼһɵҲСƣôһڵ˺Чأ
㵽˭
Ѫɵ۴ʱԼȻʶԷǰΪĳ½Բû⣬ȴЩԾܻôǿ½
ٺ٣˭ҪҪûɱɣٸһλᣬҲɱɡɣɽ첻ɱ㡣
ЦʮаȣиûнԷС
Ѫдŭȴûбֳʱ²ԷǲɵαװģˣǾ̫ˡ
һΣȫҲûɱһҪɱ¸ˣȻɱαؼΪأǲɵαװģҶٵ
ѪеϵϵųеЦ⣬ǹЦЦû˿ĿȴǸʮ˷ܵĸо
ҽȻЦĳѵǸŰ񣿡
аĶֿ̫ƻˣһСӡ
ֱʱûдܶԷİգȻʹ屾壬ʤʽֻǣ¶ѹ׵ܡ
ѣνǲʶѪɵۣ֪γƺأ
Ѫɵ۽ıϢڲһЦ⣬뷽żֱˡ
׻˵ֲЦˡԷ˿ԻʵѡԷսֻ»ûֳʤһѵ𣬵ʱǽɵҲˣǲ롣
ɵۡ
΢΢һЦȫһλߵĿ˻һѪ㱻ŵĻɢ
Ȼɵۣﲻֻһɵôֶһɵۣһ춯صϢ
Ѫ𵱼㶵ȵ׶Էݺ̹񣺡¸֪ǰɵۣɵ۲¼ƽϡǰһжᣬ¾Բٴη¶ɵ۲Ĵ󡣡
һ˵СĽ˵ɵۣû뵽ԷȻô׵ľˣֻܽʹ
ȣ
ɤӣϵıͻȻ£ɢһ޵֮˿ȥǸ߸ϣѪǰҲȫĴλϢ
Ҫαװ˵ԭӢĽа΢ڳλߵϣòʣɵۼֵķ緶
Ѫ㶨Ҫܣ㽫һǰ֮սǱɵ۶СС̽㲻÷ϡʵ֤еһǱʣǼԶ㡣ɵɳǵӰɵۣһֱݣϿɵ۵Ǳܣú㲻֮󶨻ɵۡ
Ī˵֪˵ڶ࣬Ѫԣ²ԣԼһԼɵŲɡ
ȻѪɵ۱ֻ߷ɵۣʱԺ˾ŷϵΡ
ܹѪɵǿһѪɵۻɵ۵Ҫԭ򣬱ЩݣϾû˵˵ػɵۣʱ˵ӰɵۣǱȫˡ
ĻѪɵ۸ǰмޱȣû뵽һԼɵۣԼԣĺ¡
ɵۣ¶᲻ɵ޳ɵ֮
Ѫ𼤶˵ųݵĹâ
ܺãӴԺǱɵ۵ĵϵΪɵ۰£ɵٲĺô
ˬʵЦ¶֮⣬Ѫɵ۴ϲطԸЧ
ڴʱͻȻðһ뷨ܹƶԷԼΪԼͿƿɵ֮塣Ѫ֮⣬
ֻǣΪ𼶱ĸ֣Ϊ𣿼ǶԷɵۡ
а˼һȴǷ뷨Ϊ취̫ˣķʽԼҲȫǺ£ο˵ɵ򣬸ܸԼʱ佫Щ֮ȫɡ
Բɴݾߣһ׬СˣȻ뿪˵ء
뵽΢΢һЦɵ۳էر˽⡣ɷϸ˵һ
ѪоȣȴҲûмϾ֮ǰѾΪˣ϶˶ԷΪɵۡ
ǣѪޱĽܴ˵صΪƨ߼֪ܶ
צɵۣƺЩ֣ѵɵ۵£
аԭ˵ڱצɵ۵ΧɽеĶʮ£ڴһһΪɵṩҩǱצɵƺҩǳͨ˵ͨҩΪ
ڴ˵𼶱µˣǽɳǱģвҲǱƭģȻɵֵ֧£ǱɵۿϵˣҪҲʲô̫顣
ɽ֮УһʮǱצɵЩ𼸺ٳɵΪԱЩȻҪϲ٣ȻЩٲãҲﵽΪĵز
У˽⵽һ˵Ϣⱱצɵ۽һļƻΪƻѾ׼֮õʱ䡣
ЩɵĶѪû뵽ȻϢ͸¶ԼԼαװ̫ã߽أ
Ѫǻȥˣ֮ǰһֱЩ߷߲ƽױצΪʲôѡԼΪĶˣļʡ
Աצɵ۶мӣȴΨԼ࿴ѪƵĽᡣ
ɵ۵ɽʲô˲ģҲҵǿɵ۵ɽߣȱﵽɵ֮󣬶Ὣȫڽ£÷
Ѫɵ۳ݵŸǿˣΪᵽצɵʱǲм
Ѫй¶˱צСӵĻܣѵ֪𣿡
Цеʵ
ɵֻۣɵۣǱצɵ۲ɽУԣϢԲй¶ȥɵ֪һԸ׷ԸΪǸ˾¡
Ѫ𼤶˵ѾĽݾɣԷϣԼɵۼѡ
Ŷǲʲôƻ˵
ѪѾʼ²⡣
Ѫֹ¶ìܵı飬ڹ˵ɵۣһƻֻƻ治ʵڲ˵ڡ
ɵ㣬˵޷
һ֣ɵ۵׺Ѫһж
ɵǱצɵ۹ϵΣ
Ѫ𲻴ʣıһðʧ˵Լļƻ
翴Ѫ⣬һɽݶɵǱצɵǲͣ򣬱ɵҲɵ֮ǰ̽
ȻǷɵ֮ɵϢ͸¶ǿʼˣˣҲܾҵļƻ
ѪǷ֮ʱҲȻΪѾȫɵۣܹݣԼĪϢ͸¶Ѫȫı״̬С
ǻۣıѪһҲǰвصĹбɿֻҲαװ֣ԣѪΪɵ֮Ҳֻܱǣűˡ
ĸŹڵصѪҲСһΨһС¶ˣѪֻ͵͵Ƴһֱ˫ۣΪǽǶɵ۵Ĳ
ɵۣȻһɽݶɵûɽΨһϻأ
ѪһĿʼִƶļƻ׼ȺϹ
ߣɵ˱ʵ̫ǼһˡһצɵۣûڱɵСѵ㲻ֻ֪ɵ۳ڵΪ𣿡
ⲻм˵пԲ²ⱱצɵ۵ΪΪɵɽҲʮϡٵģצɵ۵Ȼɵ۳ڵĿ
οһԣҲȥоɵ۵ľ徳磬Ȼһ˵ȴǰʾѪһϢǾ山צɵۡ
Ѫ֮ʱ˵ɵʹﵽɵڵΪҪɱһɵڵˣһֻҲѲ˶٣أ
ǣɵǣɵ۳ڸɵڵĶ֣ɵǶϱצɵۣһֻһס
ѪϹϾ˵ƨҲ֮ɫΨֱԷΪκεĲ
ˣɵۿΪ˳ۣҲӦЧұɵôǾǱɵ۵ĸˣ˽ţɵֲˣ
˵ƷΪԵ
ѪǣηηȫİԵ֣״£ѪԽܵԷΪɵ۵λơ
ڴʱѪԼļƻԵ˿ЦȻԷʵǿôΪԼԸצɵأ
Ѫļƻأ˵򣬱ɵ۱Ҫ뿪ˡ
ȵͻȻ䷢ϲŭ仯ΣѪ˸ǿѹ
ðɵۣǾҪʮֵרҵԣŻϲŭ仯޳ŷǿɵ̬
ɵۣڵ֪ɵǱצɵ۲͵Ϣɵһ֮Ǳצɵ۳һѪ͵͵ƳһۣƺƽǼ˵צɵ׼صΪҲһԴﵽɵ֮ˣצɵ۱ɵۼ£ɵ۶ԶȻһ¡
˼Ҫƻצļƻ
ɫʵȴǰЦ֮⣬ƻ˱צɵ۵ļƻһɵۡ
µ˼͵»Ļᣬɵ۾ɵۼ£Ǳצɵµ𣬵ʱ»һɱ˱צɵ۵£ٴɽеΪɵá
Ѫŵ˵ΨֶԷһŭ֮ɱԼϾԷɵۣԼʮֱɣǷߡ
ˣ
ԣȣǿҵɱɢѪ̱ڵϡ
ǻòͷˣȻڱɵǰıơǱɵƻצɵ۵ļƻôӦ㡣㵱ɵǰ׳ղɣ
ŭ
ɵϢŭ¾Բɵǰܣɵ۲Ը⣬͵´û˵
Ѫĵ
ĵӿĺСɵǹġܺãļƻƻ˱צ쵰ļƻñɵ۵õɵ֮£ֶΪأ
Цһϲŭ仯޳ŵѪľսԽûɻðɵ۵ݡ
һʱ˳ñצɵ۲ڣǰִ֮ȡҩȻѪɵ֮
ɵۣǱצɵÿʮ궼ѲӣѾȥ˾ֻ࣬ʱǰѲӡ֪ɵ۾ʱִмƻ
ѪȲѯʵ
֮أ
ʡ
ΪԽԽãҹζࡣھǰؾǰƻצɵ۵ļƻ
Ѫ𼤶˵
ȻЦѪ̫żˣļɳԲȶҪӳ飬ɵ۴Ӳްյ顣⼸ƣֳȽϴìܣעڱɵۣͳû͵͵Ǳؾ֮̽һҩѾɣɵϣʱΪɵ֮Ǳצ֮Ҳû˿İ취ʱһݣɱ˱צɵۡ


1696 ѿеؾ
ɵӢѡɵģһ񣬱֤¶ˣɵ۾ͷĵȥ̽ɣ
Ѫ𼤶ѣû뵽ɵ۵ļƻ󣬾Ȼɱ˱צɵۣȵԼɵ֮Լ֮
סʱ䣬ˣͷɵۣ
仰˲һɫѪߣȻٻ죬
ɵ۾ɵۣʹȻڵסҵ˫ۣ̫ǿˡ
Ѫмţ˰󷽸
ң͵͵ɽǱ룬ǿ״̬£ȫƭ˵̽飬ȻһСģп¶
ھСǰк˶ʱ䣬ȵ죬ܾ쵽ɽ˷׷׳ɽȥѪֳĶ˵ע⡣
ܺãǸѪΪһɵ֮ǲܵ飬ҶûﵽڵΪб°
аЦʱʹһʯ񣬼ƻ˾צɵ۵ļƻֳɹѪ𣬵ʱѪΪצɵۣעǸ磬ԼһҲܵõٺô
ϣѾִɽ߷壬˵ѾΪɽأ𼶱ĸҲڴ
ܹܵг֮һ죬൱һ¡
Ȼʱû˼ȥݾߡѪĿУ˽⵽һɵ۲õؾؾ֮⣬ػʱﻹһɽѲӡ
źԶľ룬ܸܵΪǿ󣬵ԼոճֺǸɻ˹Ϊ¶
ãԷֻһۣȻѲӣԼĲ֮ǰʱһ˾Լ˳
˵Ϊﵽ˴޽ɺڣѸٵıǰȻ󹧾֮㿪ʼ˽Ļ㱨
Բܿһ֮ڣп̽鵽ҵλá
аʱŶԷȥԼڰ½ؾ֮С
һֱ˵ȴͬʯһ㣬ǿȻ˫ķƬ̺İڰ֣˹ˡ
Ǻ˵ƶϢĸϣȻͬٵ״̬һܿ˵֮ң֮ı˷ݳԶ㰲һ㡣
Ȼԭأ˫۲ϵĻΧƺʲô飬ֱһʱתֱɽ·ɶݡ
ǱһʯͷӰ仯һС̦ʯͷĳʪϢȫЧںһ
ǿȻԸԶľ֪ҵĴڼʶҲ̫ǿˡһ㲻ʹñצɵ۵طֻҲɵ֮Զˡ
а룬һҲСƶԷǶԷߺȻû̽ӽɽؾ
ڵĶԷɱǹĵǱʱŶԷأϾǶԷѾ֣϶᲻ȥȻΧӴ˵ص
ɶԷǲѾȥˣ׼ǰؾ֮ʱһĺӰɽϢ
Ȼ𣬴ʱϢʮֻٶɽȻɱ˸ǹɽʱȴͷЦһηС֮ͽȻҴأͷˣöˣͽǱЦ
ڰɣһôãôҵأ緢ˣΪλҪϼʱ
Щˣû뵽ԷѾԼ׼ػ֮ʱͻȻоЩԾ
ɫǼɽȵѵΪűӹ̽飿ٲնġʱ֣һ·
ǸƻûңǻɶѣֱⷬթƭƭҪѷһ
һ϶ԷûԼֻװԼģһжǸƭ󲿷ֵˡ
漰صƭǴΪ֣һػֳΣǾ˶Էĵˡ
ĬţƾԷһһէȴǺǣƬʱ䣬ԷԵЩȻ뿪һ仰̫ˣûǱ룬ˣȥѪСӵɣ
ڶ뿪ԥһұ֤᲻ٴηأǱӵȴ
ûʱǸһηһΣٶȿ磬ٶȽؾΧ̽һ
ҲЩţΨԼضʱȴڹؼʱ̹һ
ӰҲû鵽һڳ̾һ˵ɵ۲õؾ˴룬Щͨ˲ңЩҲûӣģȴҲǽͷˣȻһֱ˽ؾʱԤҲȫġ
뿪ҲЩˣ˼ֱ겻ɢ˼˵²˭֪᲻ηأ
ƽ飬ʼעʹԤ֮ھһʱ󣬲ûԤ⵽Ǹĵηء


1697 צɵ
ಣ
ѸٵĶݳȻٶȵִɽؾΧ
ؼɽ֮ϣҲ޷̽鵽ؾĴڣѪ͸¶ϢҲ֪˵رؾ֮ȻȴҲδѰ˵أֻҪķѸʱѡ
£ѾûΪһӵĺڽ˺ɺȻ֮Ƴǻþȥ
һͻƴɽ࣬첢ûͻؾĽƣ෴ȴؾƵɡ
ɵ۲õĽƣǷͬСɣòΪ屾壬ȻĴ͸һδε̽ǰԭеķεгͬһطһʱؾȻҲЩˡ
ǰͻɵ۲õľ޴ʱȴǿõϣģеؾȴ˵ι̣ƻȻһ壬εĳҲû˿ѷ졣
һʱѾֹͣ˶ԼĹ۲죬ؾķΧ϶̫ؾĽҲΪι̣ǵƾ֮ԺͿͻƣѪһȥˡ
Ѫʾ꼫Ϊ飬ɽŬᾧڵ˻һö飬ɵ۵İ£Ƿǳпɵ֮ģȻͬһðգΪǳˣ츳ãҲֱ
֮Ŭɵ֮Ƴ飬֪֮ⲻѪҲ֮Ȥơ
˵нݾͨɵ֮ѽݾ̫ΪȴҲסķǷ֮롣
ֻ뷨ȴ޷ʵ֣Ƶ飬Ǳצɵ۶ӳ̶ȣػȻܻ뿪̫ãѪʹüıǣȴҲάֺܳʱ䡣
ʱ֮Ϊǿ᷵أʱʧȥؾκ;пܴݾߣǾצɵ۵֪Ϣ
ؾɵ۽еĽƣƲȴ쳣ι̣ƾʹֶΣȴҲ޷ؾֺ
ɵ뷨ˣҪؾȻȱڽ룬ɵ۲õƣĿǰΪԣ޷ɡ
һĪչУҲЩץˣ飬ǲƽɵۼĶ֣ˣǴ˳צɵ޶޲
ɽ´˵ƿ֮Сȴ̽鵽ˣǲģȴҲòҵطء
һѸٵĵɽҲΪԼǰɽɼֱ
ɽ֮ϵ֮쳣ĳ㣬ɽÿ˶ǰ˵һֱֻʸǰ˵ûôǱɡ
пϲпʼյ˫ĿҲβסеļϲá
ԭ˸޽ڴһ֪ؾڵܰɣɱǸ𶨻ܿ졣
а룬ʱؾһͷˮ֪бȴǲö룬¹˶ãѪҲᷢԼĻ԰ɣ
ΪɵڵΪȴƲһССؾֻҪѪûб޿ɾҩᷢеΣһв˻ɣ϶Բµǰʱûаõ顣
ô죿ƽ̬ؾ
ʣͻȻ˲ӣֻǸոսɵ֮ȴҲпܽؾ
ֻϧںδҲ֪лæأǰľ棬Լ˿ɰ
Щ׼ؾʱͻȻǺɫڿʼת
תѵʾؾתŵ𣿡
һؾһ۲󣬷ؾȷʵתţؾתгĳһ㣬Ƭּ֮ˣҪؾ֮УҪķѰʱ䡣
ɵȣĿɲһ㣬ζ޷ؾ֮ˡ
ˮʱڵĺɫȴǲϵţԵòһĻԾ⵹а
ʲôͻؾ֮á
Цʱ޽ڵͻȻ˫ۣŷ˵
˭
˾ѵж˲ɽ
ͱһӻˣҲؾ޽ڵĺ˳ûԼ
ಣ
УڵĺڰؼҲǺɫȻؾ
ڰؾͨǺڰؼʼؾʱڰؼγɵʵ̫ǿˣȻؾȫסˣǣؾ޼ɲأȻɽ֮Գ״
ʲô
˾ۿͷγһɫԲ״壬ⶫƺͻȻֵģδҲ̫˼ˡ
עҲؾȴĺǿֳֻΡ
˵ɴ˫ۣŵǰ֮ˣȻ̹񣺡²μڤ𡣡
һҡǸΪǿȴǱڤϤΨ¶Ǳѧűڤ֮ǰıһȻںǰɽһ
˲ֱӱڤֻһԵǿԼ֣д󾪣ΪԼʲôﱱڤˡ
ڤ֮ǰ˵֪ڤʲôԸһ£
˽ŵʵ
ûлشΪǰǸڤҲһֱ˵Լɲڴʱ¶
Խˣ֪Լʲô£ڤһﲻǱ־Ĺġ
ѵڤǰʹ˴
뵽ûκ飡סԭ£ڴҪһҪ飬Ҫʱû׼вǰű𡣡

Σʼȴʼ޷ƽ²űڤΪ¡
ܹܵɫǿ󣬲Ǽ򵥵ؾѰؾڣǵЧԶԶùʶ̽顣
ú󣬺ɫȴʼһطӿ룬ǸطȻͬһ㣬Ȼ޷ֹɫ֡
дϲû뵽ɫѰҵؾڴһԣǿĽƣ˿̽鵽Ƶİȫڡ
Ҳ˵ڵΪҪҵɵ۲õĽ㣬һ޿ܵģõϹèײӵļʡ
Ȼɫȴ˿ҵؾڣʮ΢С̽ҲԾ죬οʶǿ̽ؾ
۾Ƴһ֪ͷԲʲô֪ڤ𵽵ڸʲô
ˣӱڤĻץʱεĻǧ˾Զʧȥ˻ᡣ
˿ʼר־ʶѾɷԲ֮ڣһ˴룬ɵһʱֹͣӶΪڤ𻤷
׷źɫٵͨĽˣȻҪûб仯֮ǺɫѰؾڣҲܽؾ
ؾ֮ǿϲǺɫܿ㷵ڣвɸлͷ˸öԼ򣬽ԿҲ޷뱱צɵ۲õؾ
ǱצɵҲ²ؾ֪֪ºϻʲô顣
а͵Цֱؾ֮󣬲ŷؾ֮СԶԼ
ؾһ¥һֻ㣬ÿһҲʮˣ֪¥ҲСĿ
ؾԼһ¥Ĵ֮⣬ΧһȦѩ׵ĹâɵԲεش֮ȴɫĹâ֮أǱצɵÿνҲĹ̡
һһƣű㷢ϳص֮еӰһ㶡
ôܣⱱצɵ۾ؾ֮У
Щˣû뵽Լǧ࣬ȴ˵Ľ֣Ǳ
ſ˲䣬һ޷ܵĴУһ˲䣬ֻôһƬհס
ˣɵۼĸ֣ҼֱһֻСϣɵ۵Ķ֣ܵĻҲûС̤˵أͬѰ·
ͷһ۹ӵĴţпܣӳȥǾͲֱԱצɵˡ
Ǹǻǻ㲻ֻܼˡ
а
ڴľϣʱһģˣȴݿεЩа˫΢΢һ˿Ц⣬һֳ°ͣһָ
ɬһЦ˿϶ǱצɵɣΪԼĸоѾԽļ޵Ϣ𼶱ܾеġ
צɵͷǿؾбǲмϾû˵Ҳ˿Դ롣
ǣűһ˲䣬צɵп޷ݵģֻΪɵۣڲʵģԣצɵɷţֻ֮˳ֺ󣬱צɵһͻ
ôǱڤ𣬱ɵһȴΥ汾ɵ۵ּ⡣ǣڤһôģ
צɵץˣȴû˿Ķŭֻ˫еⲻϵԾ̬仯ı֮һ
ЦŶԷǲ֪˵ʲôźãۺɣƺЩǣǿϾԼ˱צɵ۵ؾȴֱš
˾໥ţΧĿѹޱȣǱצɵ԰˼Ȼ˼ݴྶͥ
ãҲûдƳŵգƼžǸŻʧȥȨǶɵۣҲĵ򶨡
צɵ΢΢һֻ۾΢̣¶һĨмЦƺ֫ԼĿ
һ΢΢ҡҡͷԴԼ飬ȻǱצɵȴҪˣû뵽ڤ˴󵨣Լ˲Ҳ˼ˡ
ûɵ۵İܽؾѵѾɵ֮ˣ
뵽ԣצɵ۵Ƥ͵һ£һ˲Ĳ޴ɲء
ףӦηıңΪҲ᲻أǱצɵۣƺӦӵоԵôоʱûʮİأ
ǻȥˣһֱֱӱצɵ۵в׽ϢҲЩ֮С


1698 ɵۻ
˶ãȴ˵ѹֵԵһƬȻĬ˻Ƶġ
ɲԷĬĬĺȥͬǽ˶ԷĽ֮УԼĴûаơ
²μڤɵۣ
ϴŹ֮ɫϾԼðǱڤôҲϷݣ˵ԷҪµһ
צɵһԷȻһ㣬ǿΥԼǲ롣
ߣɵػؾȴǴûȴ룬Υ˱ɵ۵޿⣬֪
צɵϵ˵ϴЦ⡣
צɵŭΪػؾԲŻڴ˵ء
ŵ˵
˻
צɵ۲ɫʵҲöԷڴ˵أֱ̫ˡ
ڤɵ۲õؾΪﵽɵܴ֮룿³ڴ˵أѵצɵ۲ɻ𣿡
ЦʵѾɶԷɵݡ
ǶԷɵۣô˽ؾǶԷɵۣΪлв֮⣬ǶԷɵֻۣǿչѹˣôƽ͵һ˵
צɵжʱ¶εĲ֮Ժǲ³֮⣬ǹˣצɵ۵еĵֱð亹
ڤѵ׼ѱɵۣ
צɵ粻ĳ
ߣѾܾˣһֱƭƭȡΣΪñ񣬱ֻûԼĶ飬ڹԹԽһ
űצɵ۵۾˵˵ͬʱҲ۲ŶԷ۾ŹԷκε仯
ΪɵۣȴǱһҪЮñצɵץô벻׶Էôĵӡ
ɵ֮ҲԲǱɵ۵Ķ֣㵽ƾʲôţ֪Ե˭𣿡
צɵ۴ŭ޲ɱ˶Է
ȻδɵۣȴҲɵۼĸְΪνؾ֮أ
ͷЦʱԽ϶ԷǱצɵۣ˵ıצɵۣͷԼǱڤ
צɵ͵һݺݵĵŭĺڤ㵨ұѱɵۣԻ᲻úģǸɵжôǿҲԲɵԣɵǷɵۣԽ磬³ֻ𡣡
ɵۣʲôȴ£лᣬ𲻽⽫ɵ۸ɱˡ
ˡ
Ǳצɵۼʶ㣬ȴҲĻﾪˣǿɵۣɽǿɵֻۣһôðɵۣ
󵨱ڤѰ·ɵĶ󣿺ˣɵЩĹķϣΪ㡣ڣɵ۸һᣬ߰ɣ͵δ򣬱ɵ۾ʹɱ䣬˵ء
צɵۻȻվ˫кâӿ
צüαװˡǱûв´ʱֻưˡڵ㣬ȲǱ壬ҲǷֻǻû壬߱ɱʵɸҳϣ
һñצɵҲסˣû뵽ԷһССȻԿԼ塣
ô֪ģ
צɵŭʵѾ֪ѿƴ˵ˣΪɽ磬һʱ֮Ҳϲ
ɵ۰æ֪ı岻ڴ˵أ򣬱Ҳǰ˵ءڣý˰ɣ
Ҳ˲٣ԭԼҪ࣬壬ԼֻҪסһʱ䣬ʱӰ޷άֹ֣Լˡ
צɵ۵Ӱ񽥽ĿʼģצɵϵҲʼ֪ͣ岻ýʧڻþ֮С
·ϣɵ۾ƴźķ飬ҲóԸ
צɵۼɽͻȻǿơ
д󾪣ԷϾɵۣνձ󣬾ֻһû壬ȴҲԲСӡ
֮ʱǱצɵ۵ǿͻȻʧΣͬʱצɵҲʧӰ١
аһŷԼмˣԷʧˣƺû׼Լ
ಣ
ֱӳ֮еİŴڲǰ΢һǱצɵ۵Ļͨ˴˵ء
˶аڷһƵҩľ޶˶ðŨİɫǾ޶֮£ȼһɫĻ档
ܹܵɫɵۼĻ棬վڻΧѾоϢ
޶֮һ͹ĵطһ״һ޶֮Ƶģǻ飬Ҳпܱھ޶֮С
ݳΣһǾ޶ӽǽ߳һȵĸо
ǿĻҶԻƿأȻҲ޷ȫĿ
һѸԶǸ޶˼Ǳצɵ۵û嵽ȥ˺η
һ㣬һǱצɵۻûֵ֮ĵطڶľ޶ǵֻʲôأƺˣצɵ۲ĳط


1699 
뵽ϵķ˾޶Ȼ˵ͨ
ڵ󣬵㷢˱צɵ۵Ӱ񣬴ʱѾǳģˣ˫ϵĴһŵɫһ价ơ
ǽ䴦ɫĻԾţ˷ĽצɵģӰУǻ֮УһתŵĽɫӣȭͷСģ֮ʮơ
Ī飿
аϲû뵽Լڼ飬ǿԵõԺԼͿԸ׵Ľ뵽ɵ֮
ڤõɵƵ顣ɵԭţһű㣬ȴ˱ɵۣԣһҲõ
צɵ۶ݺݵ˵Ӣڻ֣Եɭֲ
˵ôֻһţ
ɫʵ֪ԼҪõ飬Ǽ򵥵顣
һδɣһڴ˻汣УڵţԶҲõΪڱɵ۵С
צɵ۹Ц̯һֻ֣йȻһɫӣɡ
δɵģҿ϶ǵòжţһⱱצɵУһҲĻܱߣõκһ飬봳ɫ֮С
аԷ˷Ҫõ飬ƺȵ컹Ҫѣצɵ۵壬޷ԼγвҪػ飬ȴǴ´ࡣ
צɵۣһףһ鱾ɣɾ˳þ㻹Ƴһ飬һö㻹жö顣㲻һ°ɣһҲõ
űצɵ۵ĲӰ˵
вɵۣǣƾʲôвأ
צɵ۲м˵κνס
ؾһӵ飬޶һδƳɹ飬ſԻһ顣е飬Ǳûв´㽫ᱻʹΪܿҪʧˡʧ֮󣬵飬ҲδؿԱ֤Ĵڡԣ뱾ףõĽ㱣סһ飬ĽǣһҲס
˫ɢǵĹâ˷˵ǱצɵƿԣڶֵĿ¡
⻹Ǹɵıڤ𣿼Ȼ˶ɣʱΪλأ
צɵĶڿʼݣΪǱڤԼĹԼҲӦ˰ɵ֮ôܻᴳǿȡأɵԸΣҲܻðôķա
뵽צɵԽǰıڤ˵İȫһİ֮ˣֻ˭أ
ԷǾȵı飬вݸΪ˶ȡ飬ԼðıڤѾ¶Ե
ǰ֮ԽƾͼƵð䱱ڤʵ̽צɵۣ޷ʶԼݣ˵ʱǱ塣
ɵ۲аǷڤڤҲΪԭܵõΥ汾ɣΪð䱱ڤ㾿Ǻˣ
צɵۺ֪ʱԽöֵĿ£Լı޷ϻ¡
צɵ۹Ȼҩɾȵޱ֮ˣɱ޻ڤȴչ޷óѡڱɵǺˣñɻ˵Ȼɵ۵ı𣿡
ٺһЦЦĪ⡣
צɵ۱Է̣ŭɶֻȥ£ҲöԷް취
ãǼȥ޷û壬ֻʹˡǣʹ飬ҲܹάѣɱԷ
צɵץ񣬴ʱǲ֪׸ôľ
ñɵ۲õĻô׻ٻ𣿱ɵͷŵĻҲͻƵġڱɵۿ㲻޷ٻ񶦣޷õĶ顣㻹ʶȥȵɵ۵ıϻ㶨·ӡ
צɵ˵ǲ׵ԷЭԼ˷һ飬ҲںùͶԷһ顣
üһܿжⱱצɵǲƺĲʱҲǲԼߣ̫СԼ
ʹһˣĻԶʧˡڣı壬ֻڶʱڸ޷ϻ㲻вɣֻҪȵϻɱɣƿһС
һצɵ۲ɰͷۣû뵽ȻѲĶ֡
Ŀ飬ɵԸ㱾ɵ۵òҲõκһ顣
צɵ۱˵е鿪ʼɢ͵ĹâŴɢâצɵ۵Ҳ
΢΢˼Ҳܿ϶Էʹ᲻߱вǶԷʹһ飬ȴûиʹãϿԿ϶һݳ޵˷ѡ
һצɵ۾һɵۼĸ֣ҵò飬ȴҲһ㶼ˡ
а룬һ΢ЦŶԷצɵҲͷѪôǿάֻûֱ̫֮˷ˣ˷ѣȴûĿ϶סʣµ顣
ðɣȻҪ鵽ףǱɾͷ㵽ףȻĻ񶦣ǿ̥С
аȵЦһȻʧԭء


1700 ֮
צɵ۴󾪣ֻ£޷̽ԷΪֻҪȴǸܡ
֮УȻðɫǻ·ɫϨ̬ƣǿ棬γǿĽƣһΪɵۼ˽ӽᱻǿΡ
֮ǰŽӽǻ񶦣Լ弸ҪڻΧڻѡԶԶġ
ҵòҲǱצɵ۵õȻˣֻҪ񶦣߻ǻδƳɵ顣
гм˽ɫɽ
ն
ȵһңնǻ񶦣ǿĽ֮ƺǻ֮ϡ
¡
һҵը촫ֻһǿķ֮ɽϴ徹Ȼصײǽϡ
ûɵ۵ΪԹ񶦣ûкý
Цӵ㴫ǱצɵƺѾԤϵǿɽĽ֡
סֻһѪӿԼһûоȫ򣬶ǿķЧ
ȥǻ񶦾Ȼֻ΢΢Ļζһ£ڻ·Ļ棬Ȼʵȼš
˶εǻһۣа̾ϧ
ѵ뱦ɽҪֶأѵളɵ۵ؾ֮УΪǲһǿĶ֣
ʵЩģȴҲǻ񶦣֮⣬ҪӽǻƺҲѣ֮Ƶ顣
֪Сӣɵ۵ؾɣһɵ۵ıϻأ㽫֮أ
צɵۿЦܹöԷԱ񣬲޷õκ飬ʮֵ顣
¶һĨɬЦ⣬ԼһҲδ̫ʧˣΣҲڱצɵ۵ıϻ֮ǰն
һܵסɽʵ幥
һԽɽı巢빥
ɫɽٳǻ񶦷ȥֻǵ˻ʮɷΧʱɽȻһĲҽ

ֻһǿɽɽһѸٵⳡҲŵĻ겻塣
һɽǻ룬ֻǿĻ»ὫɽڻԼʧȥʮɽҲܾҵʶɡ
գ
ŵĿƽɫɽأȴǹɾ޴סȻһʱ֮޷ٻɽ
ʱһɫɽгҲһ˲䣬ܿȥˣźɫɽǻɫɽм֮նȥ
¡һ
ɫɽһ֮£ȻĽɫɽǻ񶦵ϵϿһз֮󣬺ɫɽٶ˲ƶء
ɫɽǰ沿ѾԽɫɽԣѾʼԶ޸ˣֻ̲̫졣
ʲô񶦣̫ˣΪͷ͵ĺڰؼҵɽ͵ýˡ
ипѣԽǻ񶦣Խвˬȴֶǻ޿κΡ
ףɽɿܻ񶦵ʵЩ֡
צɵ𾪵˵ĺɫɽŨŨĺġ
ɫɽԿܻ񶦵ôҲӦÿԳǻ֪Ƿƾɫɽأ
һû뵽ԷȻڴʱԼ
һΣյ̽Ľɫɽͱǻ񶦻ٵˣڣҲ̫Ժɫɽ̽Լп˷۱
񶦣ȡӱצɵۻжȡһɣ
òľȻ󷵻ص㡣
ɵʵ̫߿ˣΪûбڤСǿҪȡ飬ڳ˵ΰ
צɵѾʹһ飬㹻άֻĴڣʱЦŴ
ûشֻһɫĻ棬Ȼһһĳɫȥڽӽɾ󣬾Ȼоͷð亹
СӣΪ̫ˣܶԿɵ۵Ļӽ𡣡
צɵƵ˵ʱãһҲĶԷԶȡ顣
ʮɣֻսҲ޷ǿĻˣȻ͵Ҫ˲
ܾûиܹʹζˡ
ε˺ʮɣսŻָԭڷŵĹУû۵ιȥϾս൱ԼƤƤȵĻ濾ļһʹ
Сӣ˭˵صģݱɵ֪ɽܻɵۣѵɵۣ
צɵЦʵʱǲŸȥΪԼıٵĳŴ˵ǰò˶þͿԸϵʱ׽
£
һûнıצɵ۷
צɵ۵ıֱ̣ôҲ벻ԼΪɵۣȻһ˺ǳ⣬Լıڴ˵أݵš
̫Ϊˣɵۣ𣬱Ҫǲٵģѵȱٽ𣿡
צɵŭ
׳յɵۣ
ȵڶԷķ£зƽʱ˿̣ռݱûʲôõģٲܸıԼĿǰĴ
צɵ۵ץĺŭﻹɵ۵ĸַ緶̬Ҳʧȥƽ⡣
Զսʤһİ׳գΪѱɵˮƽȻ÷ḻľܱɡԣǸİ׳ա
е˵ⷬʯ쾪˵ǱצɵҲȫסˣȵе˼ڷҪѿ֮ܣԼԶԶĶ֡
ڱצɵ۳Ĭʼ飬˷֮Уɽ̬ųǻзȥ
ٶȷǳ֮ɢٶȣŷĽӽǱצɵ͵ĴǿɫĻ档
ʮɣʮɣʮɣɵӭ棬ǻ£ȴûа㷴Ӧֻڷ֮УȴǸоʮֵˣΪǻȻڷ֮ڡ
ಣ
켱ٺˣȻڿУæʹǳ֮޸ϵƣѾԿ϶ǿĻ棬ٿԽɫʮ֮ˡ
ƷСӣõֱ
צɵ۵ŷ죬ɼʵе̰Զ
˶ԣ͵ķ¿ˮǼ飬ϾƷ˵ġ
ɵ۶ˣ֤ǿаЦöԷ֪ĳֻ»ᱻŵĻɢ
㲻شҲԡɵͬһʽף㽫ǼƷóɵԸһ齻Σ
צɵǿסеļ򶨵˵
һ뽻죿̫߿ƵƵҩˡ
м˵Ī˵һ飬һ飬ԼҲó졣
ţ
צɵõķ죬̱Ӽˡ
ˣɴĿװ׻飬Բ㽻
ٺЦֱӸצɵˮ
ʵ̫ϧˡԸ⽻ܿǰɵ֮ΪɵҲӦٿһ°ɣ
צɵ۵ıٷɶݣͼסʱɱڶᱦֱһ˫֮¡
γ²צɵʱİϷ˼ʲôķõ飬Ȼѵġ
ԷЧܽӽɫʮңֻǼڷ֮УҵαҲ޷ǻʹ屾壬ٿԼӽɣԡ
ڷ֮б仯屾壬Ȼűצɵ۵Ļû֮ӽһӽǻɷΧڣ屾Ҳ޷ˣǲòˡ
צɵĿľֿ֣ʼˣû뵽ԷȻԽӽɫɷΧڣӽֻԼĻû֮壬ʵԱס顣
򣬱ɵ۾ͽһҲʹˣʱʲôҲò
צɵ۶ݺݵв
Ϥ㣡Իʹ𲻴󣬷飬ʧҲ飬뱾ûκιϵٸһλᣬǲ飬ɾͻǿŻδƵ飬ĻҲˡ
Ȼ˵
צɵеľһ֮ȴЦˣСӣвɵ۵ģб»ٻ񶦣ҲֻˡǿδƵ飬вɵ۰ɣ
ãƣ
֪ƵҩĻԶԶ޴ԼصķǵƵ飬Ҫȶȡֳɵ򵥶ˡ
צɵ۱ϲģҲЩȷΪԷǻ۲СƣһʼȫƵһȨֻʱʱ䡣
һٴٻ˺ɫ֮壬һڷ֮пǻ棬Ҳкɫ𽥵ֵ
һķɽһ֮ʱǱצɵ׶ԷٵδƵ顣
Ҳһֱڹ۲񶦣͹ĲӦñڵλãֻǣδأ
һ۲ֻ͹֮и׾İťǱԷײǰť
¡
񶦷һ죬͹֮ͻȻһСţһδƷŽɫâлвδĸָϣȻɻҪһʱ䡣
֮ţһ֮ſƬ̣ƵҲ᳹ʧȥЧɵ۵òҲõ
צɵץĺѾڶ֮С
ಣ
ֱ˲ƣǱצɵۣĿǶȡʣµһö顣
צɵ۾ͬʱ˲ƣٶԶԶҪ࣬һ˲˻ɫ֮С
û뵽ɵۻٶô죡
û֣ܵڶ֮ڴǱצɵҲֻܸżٴνڶ㡣
Сӣ֮ţûУ
צɵ۲֪Լڼκˣƺһ껹Ҫࡣ
˵ؾ͹أ̫ûˡɣ㽻е飬ɱ֮ţ򣬱ɵòκһ飬ҲһҲòȻԭӦÿԵõŵģɷһҲòôҲûԿ
аȵЦ˷Ѿȫĵò飬Ҳûνˣʧء


1701 뻢ıƤ
צɵ͵һû뵽Ŭ飬ѾΪԷԭ˷һţڶżƵҲҪסԼһҲδؿԱסΪԷȻɫǿ
ʵϣǿжȡצɵһĳ嶯ֻȷԷ᲻ѡΪ鲻ΪȫķʽǿҲʹڻ֮ϣҲʧȥڵ塣
Ųæס֮ͨǶԷżԼżǿ鱻ʱˡ
צɵ۳˼ãļ٣ȴֺ޸ıķǼȥԼȻʧȥǻе飬һԼҲͽʣһ飬ȻԶԷǿƱ֣Լܱסһ
˭ɵѾסϢӵĺǣɵҲ׷ɱֱڽף룡ɵֻܵõһ飬ûбҪκεĽס
צɵѡǿӲػԷвȴҲЩΪԼ뷨ۣһΪơ
ðɣѡڱɿһǲܱסˡɼȻܹٵδƵ飬Ҳǿȡе顣Ǳס飬ֻѡʹʱ򣬼ɵһҲòѵҪģ
вһѾʼŵ㻺ƽһһĸǱצɵʩѹ
ÿµԺ󶨻Ϊĸ󻼣һҪ
צɵа¾ģŶԷһһıƽ׶Էǽǿտвȷʵ߱вǿʵ
ʱצɵѾ벻Լɵ֮õԷôɵĽӽԼ˭Ȼ˿µĵˡ
֮ʱͣסΣûһɫɽڱצɵǰצɵ۵Ļһֽס飬һֻ򲻶ϵĴǿ
ڷ֮УкɫƣȻܵױȵĻڶĻͬն
ˣǿжȡǱצɵе飬пܶȡȻܱצɵǿ湥˺Ҳòǵ顣
˫ͬڲģνһŲ̽䣬˸˼ĿǰĴԲ׵ӡ
צɵۣһ˷һ飬㽫е˱ɣɳŵ֮ţɹƳһ顣һǱϤ㡣ɸһϢʱ俼ǣȻһɣ
һһٵ˵вҲҪȴû˵вԷȻЭ
ȻֻҪⱱצɵ۲İ׳գһȷѡģϾɵֻۣҪʱס飬лʧȥ顣
һŵĳĬ󣬱צɵ޵ײĿ⣬һڿ˵ðɣɵֻͬǣһҪسŵ뷢¶ģ򣬱ɵ۲㡣
ϣɷֻҪõצɵеһ飬һʱ֮ڹ֮ţΥԣñΪ
ַģԼһ飬ѾһˣûҪʱԷƴƣֵá
ȥɣ
צɵεĽе˳ȥв֮⣬ȴûиð취µЭ
ಣ
˲ʧѾ֮У΢̽һѾܵӴ֮ⶨɡ
צɵۣջǰۣȰ׳ջҪǿһġ
ٺЦ˻˵˵Ǳķ̡
צɵзȻȴҲ˵ֻһСӣɵ۵ĺǷǳصģǵɵ۵ĸɵۣ㽫ɽֵķ׷ɱ׼𣿡
Ǹʲôɵ˵£ͿˬˣҲɽûˣɵѾʺͳɽ󲿷ֵطˣΪɵĵɵλԻɱ
вʱзһǿս⣬սҲݵļעɵΪУΪҪڶԷǰʾ
צɵƿԣǰѾ֪˺ܿ˭֪ȴزѵɵ۵ǿʵһ𣬾ȻսɽǿɵۣҲֻɵӲŻ顣
ǣԷɵ𣿱צɵз۵㣬ϾܹԼõĽƣܻԼ飬ܹԼжȡһ飬ˣ˫ȫֻ֮ɵأ
ֻצɵҲΪʲôԷĻ֮ԼлݵĲоѵԼںһɵۺһĿԣ
ţ뱾ɵΪУɵ۵뽻ѡϧˣɵ۲ò֮׷ɱ㡣
צɵ˵Ǳڴ˵أɱ
Ҫ׷ɱɣǷ㵽סֻ׷ɱɱҷɱ㽫ڱɵĽ¡
ν˵лһѹϾԷɵۣǴʱԼԱģߵһҲֻ˳Ȼˡ
ðɣù֮ˡ


1702 
צɵۿЦʵڲȻ뷴ɱԼֱǸ޴ķ̣ʱɵ۵ĲԲֻһô򵥡
ѸٵĹ֮ţȻ׼ˣȻ֮ǰԷһЩѶϢ
צסɽһصǿɣҲɵۼĴڣеɽĵشһ꣬ڲ򣡡
֣µ˵ĿΪǱצɵȥɽѰԼԼͶɽ磬ΪΣյĵطȫĵط
ɽ磬ӵɵ۵ɣɽĵشһ꣬סˣţɵۻڶǰġ
צɵ˵ʱ׶ԷΪ˿ԭб֧ţɽɶѣɵ۵Ĵڣôɵϵǿ
ڣ
ӷ֮жݳ΢һ֣׼ȥ֮ʱͻȻǱצɵ۾Ȼڴʱ˲ˡ
צɵۿȴĿľǵȵӷ֮жݳĻᣬ˴צɵܴ
мˣһ̫ˣ
вżϾԷ壬ԼвԶԶȲɵ۱塣

ɫĻͻȻǿ͵ĻһʱǵأȻռ䣬ǿĻ汬˲γɿֲ˺
ɵۿûӦ˼򵥵ķ뿪ɣ
צɵ۵ĿЦڻУıƺ˻У޴ڡ
˴εĻȱצɵػĻǿ󣬶ûжݳ죬ڶԷͻϮ֮£弸Ҫ˲ˡ
ǧ㣬ȴҲûϵצɵۻôһ֣ɫ֮УҲ룬졣
ǣɫĻУȻ޷죬кܿɫԼĻ֮ͬ˵ĲּܣԷֹ֮Ա
Сӣ콻ǿ飬ĺܲҡ
צɵΨһĹ˼ɱǿ飬ȻܹȡԷķҲͲںһˡ
ֻϵս׾Ȼ͵ɫǿ£ս׸޷ֿãǴʱα̬ǵࡣ
Ȼ򲻵ѵ£ǾԲɵǰչԼ屾ģȹսɵ۸Σա
ҧţͷϵĺŵĹ䣬ĻԽԽǿ󣬴ʱ˿ﻹʱشԷĻ
ðɣȻ翹ףǾ׼ɣ
צɵ۵ͷųǿĻ棬Ŀıǻ˶Է֮壬Ĵ㣬ҲҪԷ֮֮УȵԼıϻʰ
ûּܼӣһƬѪģǿУɫѪҺҲ˰ɫѪҺĳɫ֮С
ɫѪҺ
צɵԳһΪɫѪҺɲͨ߱ģ˵а֮߱ĽɫѪҺ
Сӣ֮ʲôϵ
צɵʵ
йᣬƴɫϵս𲻿ҵʹȫһʹ
սױƤûģ֮ӵǿķΪ۵ԵʣȻɵͷŵĻУҲǿ׷׿ʼڣһʧȥ۵ıֻƾǿֱӶԿˡ
ǶԷͷųĿԼȥ湥£嶼ҪˣԼȥ
ڰؼ
ŭһԭҲûϣǺڰؼȴѸٵĳΧ
źɫѸٵĽ֣ܿڸĿֲѪۣҲڴʱΧĺɫγһȫУһȫµĺɫսס
˺ɫս׻壬ǿõ˴ϢĻᣬǱצɵôҲ벻һ𼶱˾ȻӵвֹһԼķ
ǰķ죬ǾԵʱĺɫսףֻһźɫûģȴɫдڣñצɵܲȡ
ٴθлĪͷ͵ķԼмЩˡ
ûǺɫս׺ܿ΢ı仯սڱЩɫˣҲ˵ɫսҲڻֲ֧̫á
ڰؼڵΪȴ޷úڰؼɵֵɵۼĹԣΣͷڰؼҲ޷ȫıԼ
ǿĻܹĻͺˡ
Ҳֻ룬Ǻɫս׾Ȼ룬ȻĿʼɫĻ棬һĻͬʱҲ˱צɵۡ
ûãɫս׾Ȼһɫ棬ȻֻǼһ֣ȴҲ֤˺ɫս׵ǿȻԽɵ۵
⵽ʲô
צɵץĺ޲̻Ǻɫսȴڻ£ȻʼΧɫ档
צɵۼǿ󣬺ɫսױڣ˶ݵĻٲٻɫսףһΣɫս׵ķΪǿ
ۿʤȴΪԷճս谭ˣñצɵлðɣȴ޼ƿʩ


1703 Ů
ϲںɫս׵ǿҲ׺ɫսɫٶȷǳԼҲﵽɵۼΪˣҪܱߵɫȫɣҪʱˡ
οӵкɫսףҲ֪ԼѼڻ֮гȥΪΪԷľ޴࣬Ǽȥֻ»
ȥʵԼ֧ȥ
עѶ¼ս׵˲䣬͵ĳ֮ȥͻһĻñצɵҲһ˲Ի
ǿĹ£߾ȫŵһռȥ㻨Ƭ̹ڵִһ㣬ǱצɵӰΣϧͼؾ֮С
ִһռ͵ĿһͻΧ˲죬ȻϧɫսͷųɺɫɫѸٵĳʱķǰ
ֱʱצɵ۲žķԼû㹻ʵԷ£һζֶݳؾҪҲֻԺˡ
Сӣɵ۾ԲŹģӲɵ۵ġ
צɵߺ޵Ķʧķ
һؾԷճؾ̷ؾ֮ʮغš
ǰɣȫ𶼵ˣ
аһڷ֮б仯ɱצɵ۵ģ
һʲôͻؾ֮гɫһ𾪵Ķǿеܿ㷢нһˡ
צɵ۾Ȼؾ֮Уѵ̽ʧˣ
ѪһֻľսģʧˣԼҲûκεĻ·
²μצɵۣ
֮׳ۣҲܵǿѹ
ʮλ𣬷ΪվѪǶһվм֮ȻǱˡ
޷гЩֻ֣һ֣Щ˷׷״ӵ
צɵͻȻ֣޲ݣȴаϲΪצɵ۵ĳζл̤ɵ֮
צɵۣѪɽ£𣬲̣ܽҵȽ֮Ѻɽ뱱צɵָʾ
Ϊ׵ıڤȿڵҲͬʱͷ
ѹѪǰޱȵѪ𣬴ʱͬ˳Сèһ㣬ûаƢ
צɵۣһʱ嶯´£뱱צɵۿµĹ͵ķϣһ档
ѪŵڵأֽӵģһĻ֮Աǡ
û˵ȴڶ𣬾ȻûһΪѪͷģɼѪƷһĲ
צԵ޹Ѫ۸ǲϼӳͷֻЩ˽צɵ۵֮Ժ󲻹˰
һͻȻ˵ܿ˸ǻȻЩ˵ĿıѪ𣬲ĿĲݡ
ȴĬţЩ˵Ļ´ԣϾﱱצɵ۵飬˿ûôɵһīѪ
ѪѪΪ˸̽ؾĻᣬѪһɱһĹߡ
ȻѪɵ۳ȴǺη壬֮ԣֱ龪ͬʱ棬Ѫ벻ѡ
ûж֣ϾֵϰһȰ˵ѪеͶɽ
ɫվԭأɢߵƣλߵΪ޹أҪ˱צɵϡ
֪ǰ֮ð䱱צɵ۵ģˣһȻݾηűצɵۣвΪצɵ۵Ϊо
Ѫ㲻ǲɵ۹̣ܽȻѾˣǱɵ۾㿪Ե
ѧűצɵ۵˵Ը¶֮ɫѪǻ̱ڵأû뵽ԼȻҪ˲صĴۡ
צɵҪϢ㱨ϣֲ·µ
ѪһᣬȱסԼ
˱ɵǰԣֻ·һѵɵ۽ؾ̽һͲɵ֮ˣ
˵˵ʱѪգһ۾
ԭ
Ѫд󾪣ܿ˶ԷǱצɵۣԼղѾǶһֱѣ뵽Ѫûӻࡣ
צɵ۷ģ·ֻһʱͿԲᱳѵġ
Ѫ𼤶˵
ɵ۽컹ɱ㣬ɣжԶ͹Զ
ŭʵǷѪһ·ΧʧȴҲûκ˵ұֳ
֪צɵۺʱصģѵѾɹˣ
ڤðŷʵϾĵı飬ɵԼлɵ֮ˡ
Ŀһ۱ڤ𣬲ŭڤʹͷĵȴš
ɵ۽ŷش˵أĵܳɹ֮˱õĳɹ
ɫ˵仰ͬʱڿϲ֮УΧȴǲ֪Ϣġ
лצɵۣ
ͬʱֵлбжô˷ˡ
ǸԻȥɣбɵڴˣҲػˡһºǰ˵أɵ۶ʵֵµĳŵ


1704 ˼Ļ
ðıצɵ̵ۣģΪһºܵõ飬ɾɵ֮
ɢȥһɽ֮ϣʱΧ֮Ȥν뱦ɽֶܿأԼǲһʱ䣬ʵһݳ޵˷ѡ
Ҳ֪Ǳצɵ۵ıʲôʱԸϻӦòô죬ðһʱ䡣
а˼ϾðգΪĽ
ɽ۷ʱٶȱͬʱٶȻҪ࣬ڵǿ츳һǷӿɽҲ
ѪᴳɽΪ֪ɵɽŰΣΪǱצɵɽ
ȥ˰£˫ۣ¶һĨصЦ⣬ǰ£˵ص֮Ѿ󲿷֮Ѿһա
ܹܵķȻûдﵽıԵȴҲ֮ԶˣԾĺ¡
Ϊ𼶱ÿһȼʵ죬ΪһСȼҲҪ꣬ǧϵʱ䣬ܹڼڽģѾ÷ëˡ
ȻҲԯֱ̬ߣٶȱѰ˿˰ٱǧֹ츳ǿĺô
츳ԲԯΪδ֮·ڣǶʱΪܳΪʤߣֻЦ˲ŻΪǿߡ
ֹͣɽۼԭģһ˵ص֮ԽԽˣɽµ֮㣬ܵΣյĽ١
Σգ˱צɵ֮⣬ʱ벻еڶѡΪȻǿԼȴŴɵ۵ı壬߱ǿġ
øϽˣ
ٶȳؽ֮⣬ȥ֮Ȼԭ·ɽȷأʱõĻ廹δʧ
ʱֵѾֻʣļˣбŮװİ㣬ʱڽȴû뵽ȻһֱЩ쳣
ѣһ֮ˣѰɣ
鷲ǺЦţվһ˵
鷲˵һ㷴ӦûУǴʱʼЩż鷲ŭһ˦ʱ˫ۣŲæ
Ķˣôģɽ㼸ˣڲǹ𣿡
鷲ŭǰĺͰˡ
ѣɸղûʵΰĪҪƽϡ
˵ޱȣ鷲ŭˣͷ´οɲ
֪ˣ
ЦЦƵĻΣðҲɰԵͷһֱϸѡ
˱һռԺԺ̵Ĳݵأмһ͵֮ͤͤɽˮʤա
ʱ֮ͤĸȴһɴµŮŪҳ裬˳Ůӵ˼֮ࡣ
ɫĳͤȥȴŮӵᱡɴƤ֣ԿǰǰȻǽȲ
ŮȫһȴҲ򣬱ϾǰڰڵԶԶǿֱӵı֡
и裬ܾˣ
鷲ƣ֮ͤжʱʮŮӣЩŮƺͻȻֵģ˽ûֻܸ̾ɳǵǿ
ȴǿͤԵһС͵ĴʮŮӶ׼ˣ봫Ͷġ
ЩŮӵĳֳ֣ʱɧ֮ˣߣͻȻһȺŮӣǼһ㡣
λɳĸݼʼӭǰͣѰλã׼Ůıݰɣ
һķŮͤд˵ֻۺﲨ֮ͤӣʱ񵱼Ϊ֮һ
֮ͤͻȻλλаٸ֮࣬λ֮ǰв輸輸ϰɹɾƣЩӴʹ׷װŴ¡
ͻȻ߿Ÿı仯ЩŮҲ׷չָԵˣЩŮòıϵ֮ѡ赸ΪЩŮɫ١
˷׷׵ֱ۾һֱʿˮ޲ýŮ뻳УЩŮǵʮֵᱡ趯ʱĸ쾡µֳǸ߸ɽ赸еȥҪϹ˵˫ۡ
Щˣ󲿷ֶ޷еļҲٲֲΪ¶ı顣
Ȼ֮˫赭дĻŮ˵ͬʱҲЩŮģϾӵΪŮ赸ȴǱЩŮҪʾ׶ˡ
ಣ
һŮ˿У˫趯Űɫĳ䣬ϵ޷ڵģ̨µ˷׷׽кá
һߺɾƣɹһŮļޱݣһĻʮֵĺгֻǣȴ֪¾ûѵ֮ͣлծʱ
ޱЩݵŮжЩŮıݲûжȤֻ˼۱Щ
ֻ㷢ΧĲ˻һ㣬ϵĻкãһ޲óȥŮӵ뻳С
λѣŮǽиʵıݣϣҵĻŮǰɣ
ķЦ
˷кãǰ㾹һֱ̽ԼвɾúЦƺԼǱߣʲôֵðעģ
ԽɸЩݵŮͻȻжϵ磬һЩŮϵڵֱٵĿǸ߸ɽɼ˵Ļһ˸߹һˡ
һЩŮıݴŨŨգ̨µĲѾ಻ס޲óȥŮӵ뻳УȻֻһ־ˡ
۲쵽вˣȴǲɫĵͷЩ˵⣬ϾΪߣҪģ󲿷ֵ˶ὫɵһҪ飬Щ֮£ȴҲڱ֤֮ġ
ŮԽԽǷɽ֮ϵҲжˣһѾ൱ڲŴƵıˡ
ŮӵϴЦ⣬˸ƣͤмֶʮŮӣЩ˷ϿкٴŮӱ͹
ԽˣЩɳǵô˵أ뵽оŮ˵ЩŮˡ
һͷְϾǷ˺ΣеŮװȴҲ̫רҵˣΪˣжӻڿŮ죿
ˣǸצɵ۲ú󽫻£ֻ»Բ˶ߣЩͬϽȥΪá
뵽Ǳ˰㣬ֻһ񣬰
ʲô
һ˵ǰû뵽ŮݵʱһﾹȻԼһˡ
һȺӢӣܱߣοʱıݲſʼá
Ҵȥߣѵô
Ųæ˵
˵ɴ۾ǰҲһһӢĪӶŮӲȤȴְã
УҪ͵飬˼ĻᣬɿǾԲġ
Դǵ˵
Χ˷׷״Цв˶Ŷָָġ
͵飿ĳ
ҲЩΣû뵽Լɽᱻ˿ɻѣҲ̫ˣǰʵŮˣĻԼˡ
ϸˣҲ֪ôģ޷ϵı飬ڿ֮оȻֱĸо
ʲôɳǽӴʹѵǽ˵أΪǵ𣿱ֻȥߣССҲܴӦĻǲ̫ˣ
˵˿ηɳǵĽӴʹ
ŮıҲֹͣˣǷŮЩŭʼٸߣǵеŭҲ֮ɢ
鷲Ҳ˹ȥҪìܣȴֲ֪˵𣬱Ͼ̫ϬʵԻش
㲻˵˰ɣˣ͹űɵĵ
ʮŵ˵
Ȼû뵽ܶԷź󣬾ȻƶԷƺķ
ȫȻǵһԴɳǽӴԱģɳûӣȴһ˻ȸԾ
˱ĻĻҪڷŭбˣʱ鷲ϽϵһԣϾԼˣǷìܣԼҲ޺ô
ϢŭȥȰȰǸġ
鷲ŹЦ֮ݺݵĵһۡ
ߣֵϣɾͲһƽϡ
Ǹ˽¿ȻʮֵĲˬ
̫ˣֵǸ򣬱ɶ㡣
鷲ȵһﲻǰŸԼ֤ھͿʼǷǣǿɶ
֣รɣ
ݸһЦ¡
Ǹ˵ЦɣɲŲǸǸ㣬Ҳһȥɽʹߣ˭ͱܱɲ
м˵Ű׼ߡ
鷲Ҫˣȵվס
ǷŮȴЦȥɣΪˣҲؿ˵ѡ񡣸λɱŮǵȼˣ
鷲ֻǿסŭ𣬶ݺݵĵıӰԷĶҪѵֻǷŮӵĻȴǲò
ʱƽϢѾŰ˺ߡ
ʲô
ͻȻʵ
ʲôѵ㻹ûһˣһŮˣܸʲôأ
ٺЦ밵㿪Ц

ȴûô࣬Ϊвͼгϻģܿ˦֡
̬ҿɲŮԲЩġ
Դǵŭ
ôʵѱɵľ𣿡
¶Ц⣬ð֪׽һʲôĵطȻԼռƣôԶԿЩɳǵڶأ
Զԣû뵽ԷȻˣǿʵ£ԼӵĵʵȻǲܵġ
ѵҾ̣ҿɻûй£ѵͱѡ𣿡
б仯ǧݣģͦãΪҲǿҲԼΪһԼƺûоܾκɡ


1705 ô
뵽ԽȻûȥԺбַҵ뷨š
ڰɣֻ֪˵Σգ˼£̬ȾȻӦҪˣ
ΣյͷŹЦģֻ㿪ЦԾһ³Ƶա
ԣһɣȴָоȻʧȻԷּɫСˣԼǲῴģֻǣΪʲôԼлһʧأ
˺˼УڲҼϷˣȻ˵㣬ҪҪ֪㡣
ϴ
ȻЩĲɡ
Щͬ뿪ɳǣԽԽãǶڴ䡣
֣ص˵
Ǻǣ˵ЦЦһ㶼ЦҪΪԴң˵ԴҵЩͬ飬ˣףҵͬпɲ֡
㲻˵һҲûĻϡ
ɳ֮ɲ⣬Ϊӵڶ𼶱ĸ֣ݿɿ鱨ɳǹԼĪʮ𡣡
˵һȻ
ʮ𣿡
Ŵ֪ͣ˵ֵģԤ಻ˣ뵽ʮ֮ࡣ
ʮζʲôջζſܻɵۣɳҲ̫ǿˡ
ܣϢ׼ȷɳ֮УҵЩͬðõϢ
ʮֿ϶˵
Ŷðõ鱨˿Щͬı治ҹά
΢Цķ̵
ԣԵΪŭϾϢԣԼԸͬϢ
ǲѰģһССɳǣȻЩأȴҲԲӵô㵱ɵ۵ֱϵɣ
㲻˵ʮԡ
ҡҡͷ֪ԷԼĻ˵վоЩ̣ȻԼѾ˵ˣԷţһкԼûжٹϵˡ
ûеȵĻشֻǷֶԷĬţҲЩɻ󣬶Է񲢲ڿЦ֪Ϣأ
էô֪ܵصϢ
ʵ
Ҹ˵Ѿ˵ˣ㲻ҲԹңˣ㹻ˣҲ׷ҴõϢѾûˡ
˵תߣǰԭء
ߵķ羰˫֣ĴӺ߹ǴһĨЦ⣬ɳж𣬶Լһֶѡ
֪ʱָ˹˼һ󣬰ҲȷĻϾһֻһʮԼͬܽɳǵΣ
Ҳ㣬ֻ˵Ϣ̫𺳣һɳǣô˶ɽ磬Ҳû˵ĸӵʮ𡣡
Ц
ɳУһشŶʮڵΪɳУӦûɳǵĹ߸ˣҲϻ˰еȡţҲ˵㣬ΪҶԣûʲôʧֻǿһ֮Եķ㡣
֣Ƶ˵˵ǹž޲
㾪ͷû뵽˵˾壬һ㣬в˼֡
ллѡǻ뿪ɳǵЩһɳǲ֪ҪкˣǾԲ磬Ҳǣһɳǣɽˣ
㼤˵ѾµΪɲ⣬ϣһ
ҿǸô
ͣ½ŲͷʵȻм룬ȴҲò
һ˲䣬۾л治ԷǸʲôˣӵһ㣬ԼһμҲΪһƽĲͨˡ
ҾǸˣӦðɳЩܵˣÿ궼ǧʧ٣ʮʧ٣һ£һֻжʧ٣ЩʧٵˣѾɱкܶ˱вȣѵΪˣûֹһ˽ԲŲˣɽ彫ڣ
˵ģ˵רעУ϶硣
ôˣǵһеˣвпĶ࣬ⰵҲһƷˣѹһοԼЩֹģԭֹԼɽ
ɽ壬壬Ѿ󲿷ֻǵ֮Ҳƽˡ
㣬ҺִţȰһ£Ǿ˵˵Щͬʵ
ûȫľܾ㣬һЩᡣ
аϲȴǽЦӦ룬Ի֪еĻȻǰᣬһ޴̸𡣡
ˡ
ڰ֣˿ӵ˵
̾ԷǼ򵥾˵ģ֪ϢϾͷ
֮ǰ˵ɽһϵɣɵ֣Ҳ͸¶㡣ɵĶӣһоˣԭʦɽǵִɳǺҵһʦȴʧȥϵ֪ǽɳǲʧģǵɽʱɳȴʸڷϡ
һƢ𱬵ʦڷŭ֮£ɳǵĵӣԴɳǣ֮ҲʧˡʣµʦֵܣһֱǱɳΧеɳǣڷ˴˵صİܡڴ֮ʣµͬţ׷Ǳɳǣɳȴᡣ
ԭĿֻǾȳλͬţɵǵ֪ɳǵĻǱھȳ֮ͬ󣬱ǣȳеˡ
㻺˵˵Щŭ
ôЩͬŵΪأ
ֱʵ
ڣ޽ɺڣ˽ӵд޽ڵΪ
Ȼ˵ϾǿĶӣĸɶǷǳģһ޽ڵˣԴһɽˡ
Уӵжһأ˵Щһ֮ǰأ
гţȻȷʵǿֻǣǰĽжӣЩֻжڵˣʵɳǣȴһ£һˡ
츳һˣɳڵˣѰ·ⰵĶʦ֣ҲһԴĹɳһڵˣʵаɳǣ
ôɵĶӺǿɣǣǶսʤɳǡ
ʮ˵
ţǺǿ󣬿Ҳ롣
ǳѸٵѡ
ǼˣԼǣңҪ˼Щ˵ʱʲô鶼ͶԼֽš
ǲ룬ʮɳǣʱҲ뿪˵أڽԼ˵ء
ˣң
ŭҪɽƴ
ǰֻ·һŲűִݻɱ㣿
ͻȻ˵ı䣬ǿҵɱ⡣
д󾪣ܵĺˣеŭԼѾ͸¶ԷˡɶԷȴ˵룬ѵϷˣԼ
ϷˣˣΣϿ͸ԷΪҲڴδǰ֦ϾԼһûаô
ðɣѡҲǿ㣬Ծܾ
Цεʾá
ҲԭǵΪ̫ˣڵˣȻĲ֪ߵغѵ㵱ɳǵʮǳԸɷ𣿺οвڵˣڵľ޴ڰɣЩ޽ΪͬţͲֵһˡʵƣֻĺѿ
͵
̫СˡǶ𼶱ĸ֣츳ģڵˣҲ޻֮Ƕ˽ɽߣΪδɵۼ̳ߡ˵ڴˣ˺͡
ŭ˵жǶλͬųģҲΪˣԻΪĻֱһĪ衣
Զ츳ףɵۼĸأǵ츳԰Ǵɵ𣿡
ʵ
ɵۼĸ֣Ϊɳǻɵۼĸ֣Ͳܡ
㾪㵵˵ҡͷԸҲ͸¶Ϣ
ֻҪشܻǲܣɳûɵ֮ĸ֣Ǿһˡ
ϾЦԽð˵ĿЦϾûǿʵҪ壬һЦ
ҡͷЦⲻ֪ǶλֻͬոմﵽڵΪôɵۼֵĶ֡ԣҿԻش㣬ǲɵ۸ֵĶ֡㵽˵ʲôֱ˵αعĨǵġ
ðɣɳһɵ۳ڵˣŽбצɵۣ֪û˵΢Ц˵ǱצɵǳѾõɵۣǿɣһ˵צɵ۵Ϣ
ԼҪˣû뵽Ȼ˵ɳɵ۸ֵĴڣֽצɵۡ
צɵۣɽѾã˵ȴɳǣʵ̫֮ˡ
үˣҷˡצɵ۾ȻɳǣϢҲ̫ˡЩĻˣǣ㵽ôЩϢģ㲻˵֪ϢḶ́ô֪˵ǲǵ;˵Ϣأ
ҡͷЦֻ׹Уɴʱǲʵ
ţ̸֪ͬ飬ߣҾԲ档㲻ţҲԲ԰䡣ҪϢḷֻ̌˵Լצɵ۵Ļ壬ɳǵǶʮ𡣡
Ц˵꣬Ĳ밵˵ȥΪԼԲǾ
ڴʱ֮ͤȵĻЩŮѾڲݵϣ׷Щۿ赸ˡ
θЩţЩŮǷ׷ڵڵ¿ʼ
Щ쵰ô޳ܣ
ֻһۣбѣﻹҼۿֻת峺ĺˮȻԶϴķΧռƵġ
ҲЩԾѵЩɳǵļһЩˣΪֶЩˣ
ЩɳǵĹߵͷԻЩ⣬ȻѾЩƭˣαػʵĸṩأƺûʲôҪ


1706 ɽ
аһЦĻܣȴ峺ޱȡ
޷ˣôҲû뵽ԼΪʲôЩͬȴûأ
ұ뿪֪ͨЩͬţҲǰɳǵĸսʱֻҵȸ޷ɳˡ
еĵ̫ˣЩϢԽв
ô㲻άˣȥ󣬲ɳǵĹܿѵˣ
ʵҲЩɰǷľ߱ǿҵС
ǰ˵ɵۼĸ֣ҵЩͬŸĶ֣οûɵ۵ĴڣƾʮҲȫǶ֡ԣǱ취ɽȥɳǵ飬ǻȥ󽫻㱨һִ£ɽɳǵ顣
æ͵ϾԼ˵ﲻȻ
ŶҲɵۼֵĴڣɣɽӦҲɣ
һⰵ㱳ɲСӣԼΰҲõɵ֧֡
Ѿ˵ˣǵɽϵģڶ࣬ɳǿԱġɵۼĸֻ֣һˣԿԽɳǵȫΣ
ޱȵ˵ɵǿǿҵԺУԺԵøΪš
һǿԺеˣˣǸˣȴҲɣˣǱȽ͵ġ
֪ɷ͸¶£ǵɵ׽ʲô֣
ֱӿʵ
صһۣЦΰңɾԲġȻɵ֣ڻܸ㡣
ðɣ˵ҳ֪ġ
ƽ˵
λεѣ벻ҵأ
εεڶ˶

鲻ԽļгȴŮӵ
Ϻǣû뵽㾹ȻŮװģѹĻģ˼
ƺȣصĳһۡ
ŵסͣԼŮݻѾԷ֪ˣðлҲѡ
Ϊأ
̬ʵƵķŮӣֻЩЦ
΢΢ȻȻȴԳЦ˼ɷ绪ïǴ˵عϵŮôǰأ㲻ͲҪɲҪϹ˵ŶƱɵǲͬˮܽأٿɵģ˷飬ѵûһ㶯𣿡
ͣ
̲סЦˣû뵽Ůӻ˵һ׮
˵㣬úɵǾޱȰˣֻŮȤ㻹ȥɣ˱ɵķۡ
ɫ˵˻໰һðٴЦȴЩЦˡ
ǸƤŮӣٺƤҲ޶ȵģ˷˷̣Ѿǳˬˡ
ѿῪЦɣٸһλᣬ˵ɵǲġסڴ˵أƿߣһнб˵㡣ǵҲɵƹܣ𣿡һЦȴѾʼв
㣬Ư𣿡ʡ
û뵽ֵɽ׸ԼԼʱɲ뱩¶ݣֻЦŵͷ
ѣ㿴𣿱ɲû˵ٻɣô뱾𣿡ߵЦ˼ȫϣӢѾû̫Ȥ
ԭ˵صŮݾĻĵڱڱʵǲԣ֪֮˰ɣɲĲˡ
ϵľܾôܻᵣĶԷвأ
ߣôˣɾͿˡɿеĶӲ㻹ǹԹ汾򣬱ɱߵСˡ߰Ե˵ѾŨŨɱ⡣
ʮֵΣô򶨣ԼȴôزݣһΪݶ۸ʵһƵ顣
ŶɱҲûʲôϵ㣬ְɣ
Це˵ں˷
Сˣ
һ֣ʱ֣ΪѾ׾ٵĿ˰㡣
ǼˣҪļˡ
ھٵȥˣ
ϣС˻Ҷ죬д߼ĽеŰЩš
ٸҶԱ񣬱ɶɱ㡣
ĺȵеɱѾ޷ࡣ
֪СˣЦˣ
һֲһָŰ㣬Ц绨񣬷ǾҵĲţİ벻м
ԼǴ˵صߣκεΥԼˣ飬֪ԣϰߵΪ밵Ҳһˡ
ЦЦ㽫Ц
ŭЦɢ޾ĺ⣬⺮֮иӿǿҵɱ⣬ӿɱȫŮ˵֡
㣬ôӱɵĽƣ⣬ôܣ
ޱȵָŰ˵ŵĵ벻мѾڣʣµķǾ־塣
ʲôܵģˣҪоǰɣ
ιߵߣǷŮ˻ûü˵ȴѾܵһ޷ܵ֡
ˣң
߾ֵĺΧʱȴָûκһ˴
ô£㣬㲼˸ƣ
߾ޱȣ֪ԼѾǿĵˣԵ˻֮סԼԼǳҵĴ
صһЦŵı΢Ѿڣʱ˿̣ߵǰûбҪǰ΢
㣬ΪЩɳǽӴʹȻƭȥˡ
ߴʱԼ˰ϻȻкҲЩˡ
˾Ǹ׳գڱɵֻʮСĴڣɱ㣬ȲһֻϻҪ򵥡ɲ㣬ȴһ٣ٶĵﱾɣñɻһֱȥ𣿡
ɫɭ˵ʱʮֵĽޣΪԷĹ˵սḶصĴۡ
ɣ飬֪ɴݹ٣»ӭôɲأɴдԭµ޴Ϊɣ
Ůӿɥģк֮ԱϾǰһʼչǿʵŮôҳԲѷأ
ǣ˼ûкҩɽͬҲûкҩ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮˮգŮӴʱϵĵǸҲ½⡣
ΪλߣǱλ裬λ߶ᱨبŲĵԣ㲻ΪԷļŹ
΢΢Ц⣬ȻŶˣĳԼѾǵһξˣ˭ԼһǺٻк³ġ
ɱʲô
Ѿ˾ȴЩı¶ݣɳǸֵע⣬ʱֻ»ԼͬŴΣա
Ҫɱ£һΪ±ģɳǵԲǿģǻǺΪ֮ҪΪйһʱ֮ߣ
ŮӸϽ˵ãֻðвԷˣκҲɳ£ΪɳǵǳǿҪƣû˿Ի߳ɳǣŮӵӡǾûġ
ں̬ȣȴĶϣܸԼһЩʾ
㣬ͽˣ趯֣סһҪϵЩͬ뿪˵ء
Ƶ˵ϣƽ֮⣬û˿Ľţǣη塣
ţġǣǵĸ֣ôӵĳȥأ
ɻ
Ǻǣ赣ģҿûôСɳǣҲ췭ظǲȥġ
Ц򶨵ðǿΪΪﵽɵ֮ôţ
ðɣ㣡ллˣҲһҪСġ
ͷЩǵ˵
ǿ˱ɣɿɳǵҪɱ˱ɣ͵ɳԣʱǸ߲ɳǡ˱ɣǱɡ
ŮӷĺʱֻвΪԼȡĻᡣ
ݲ֣ҪҪһУȨС
ЦĶŮӣһһٵ˵
Ů־ϲԭŮӻɱԼ˭֪ȴԼһӣһУٱǸŮҪõĶࡣ
Ӣǰ㣬Ź°ɣԺ󶨻ȡѵԲҶǰκεĲ
Ůӿధ

ֻ³һ֣ȴŮľû뵽Լʧܡ
ҪֻҪǰɱ£Ը鱨ֻҪ£½ָǵˡ
Ůӻֵ̿˵ʱ˿Ѿ̫ܲ࣬ȱסҪ
ˣƾָðɣɸһλᣬ˵˵ȴǵĻʲôˡ
ЦЦǺ֪ɳǵһЩè壬ٴ˵صЩ˱ƽ룬ܸоɳǵصġ
ҪͿ˵ˣơ
ߴٵ
ŮӿЦĵͷ̾ϢɳǾһƭ֮ǣƭ˵ķʽַʽֱ͵ˡһ͵ΪǿˣҲΪٴﵽ޽ɳڵˣùǵĽȻͬɳǵĽӴԱ¡ؽӴЩˣںܳһʱڽЩ̺ãṩܵķŮɳǶ߾ȫṩʱĹȥЩд󲿷ֶϰɳǵʱɳǵĽӴԱҪȥЩУһ˲Ը뿪ǣһ˱˷ֿϵĻᱻɳǣ˵صɡһ֣ǿȰȰȰ˻ӵĶȻѺֱǸı⣬Щ翹׵ģҲֻ·һ
ڶ͵Ǵ޽µˣЩ˵Ϊ̫ǿȴҲŲص߷ǣɳǻ뾡һа취Щ˵Ĺƭ⣬һѡĻᣬԸɳǣ֮ǲԸɱ֮
͵ľһˡǵΪǷǳĵ΢ԵҲСɻɢɡǽƭ˵أóԺúȵдỤ̊ĿĲǵΪҲǵķʵȴΪǵһӢˣϲǿ˵İãɳвǿϲɫرϲС͵ˡǽɳǣҪԭ򣬷ǵΪͶǷô
͸¶һϢǿԴв²Լˣϣܹűһ·ɶй¶ʵϢʱǵӦ֤ɳǵİȫ



1707 ƷŮ
СмˣЩļһȻӵɽмˣЩһ̫쵰ˡ
Ϻޱ飬ȴŭˣŮй¶Ϣɳǹͬ˵һ㣬ֱǹɳǵӣż˵Ĺ
ڸɳǵжô޳˰ɣǾһȺµޣ޶磬Щ˶
ŭ˵
λǰɽ˶ǺˣҲǱƭģ;ǶλǰԽϢ棬ҲɳǵҲ̫ˡֻںޣǿԸ⵱ɽ˵ҷɳǵһҲɳˣֻǶλǰҪﵱԵףҲΪѡ
Ůһ˵ƺɳǻڹðҲͬĳҲ֮ɢ
Ըڹ£
ʵȴһҲţΪŮǱƭɳǵģʱҲѾϴԣǱͬˣ֮Աֵ˻ںޣ޷ȡȥĻᡣ
ǰԸڹ£Բɳ¡
Ů֣˵βסϲ֮ɫ
ȻĻڹǾ͸һɣҲҪɳǵڲϢ԰æ԰ǻòϢ

˻һѾڰΪԵ̫ˣ˵ٵĿ
лǰΣһṼǰΪս
ŮӸæл¶мԴƭȡԷΡ
ܻڹʵһʮѵõ飬ֻ㷸һ޴Ĵˣڱɣɳ֮׵ıڤ𡣻㻹ʶû˵ǣҵű汳ɳǣ֪ζʲô𣿡
˵ŰգգۣʾԼ
㶣ųOͣл治ǷʵģԼɾͷ¾޴Ĵˡ

ŮӾֵĽеû뵽ԼȻɳ֮׵ıڤδȴҲ֪Էǿ
ܿ죬ŮԼղŵıֱּѰ·ڤǸ߸ϵǿڣԼ汳ɳǣǶԷҲһԼ
㣬㾹Ȼɳǵ𣿡
㾪ȵʵȴţҲǹ˵ġ
ͬŶڱУ·ӣҲϤơ
˫֣Ц֮¶ǿŮӲỳݡ
ڤǰ·ŽȨ֮ƣ뱱ڤҪ档Ȳ£ΪƭǸСˣŲѶΪ֮뱱ڤҪµʵ⡣ɳǶ²¶ΪɳǾȫɳҪʲô飬¶аԹԡ
ŮӻһתͻȻֵĶɳĹתֱðĿɿڴпŮĽթƭԼϵƭˡ
ˣΪλͻȻ˵ЩֵĻԭΪ֤Ůı޳ܣȻԼŻΪ飬ֱǴشˡ
㣬֪ʲô˰ɣҲ˵ˣ˱ˣѾעˡ
аȵһЦϷʵЦ⣬ҲòķڷĵͷǣжĿ˲ֹһ
ǲɶõ˲ţλʦ֣ΪȴʵƴıļһֱǸ̬Ĵڡ
֪ѾųݵĿ⡣
Ůӻûô£ȴѾ˲ĸоΪԼǻ۹ˣƹɳǵһɽȣ˭֪ڶԷǰȴ޼ƿʩ
ǰ⵽ôһ£ѵַ𣿻ǰָԽ򡣡
Ůӽŵѯʵޱ
ǱɣǴĿʼɲɳǵıڤֻƭģױɵ֮˰ɣ
΢Ц˵˻һŮӻŵѾĿ־塣
ƭӣǲɱɡǶҲһ˱ɡ
ŮӾʧĺеϧȴ޷ͨõĸϡ
ðɣȻǱȣǾͱֱɲˣˣŪɣ·һ
˵һȭŮӣһȭ֮£Ůӵ弸ķ飬һ˲䣬һ֮Ѿи֡
ڰľУŮӵ֮ҲܿʧŮӵȴͬ˲һ㣬Ȼûзκε
һɱٶȿ磬Χ˽ûܿѪȵһĻѾɱŮӣһЦղŸûʲô顣
̫ˣΣҲ֮ΪУ򣬾㱻ɱҲ֪ôġ
жݵͬʱҲ˼ּɵη塣
㣬֪ͨͬ뿪˵أȥɣ
Ц˵
ͷȴ¶ã񣬡Ҳ֪˵ǺδҲ֪ںδ޷֪ͨǡ
ǰɣ
ˣⰵ̫ЦˣȻ˵ãԼڴˣǻĺܲҺܲң
ˣңһ뿪˵ءЩͬţֻรˡ
Цҡҡͷ
Ҫǳȥһӳȥ
㷴ԵǼᶨһҲ뿪Ц
ѱˣⰵоԼͬ˹̥ԷƷȴһҲͳͬŵķϣҲ˲پ⡣
ðɣҴӦ㣬Щͬ뿪˵ء
˵ʱżĵлѾѧϰߵˡ
λѣûȤҵӣ
һĸŮ˹ѾԶԶĴ˹
Ů쳣òŮƵŮ֮УҲһֺȺĸо밵ȣòҲ˿ѷɫ
˵ŮЩŮ֮ˣɹʱԶЩŮ׷˲ƺû˵ᡣ
ŮȣŮȻһϮɫȹµ̫౩¶֮ȻŮһȣȴֻв
ףŮʲôʱģƺûмѵǸոǰ𣿡
а
һŮӣЩ޳֮ͽϣ־ᶨһɣ
ЦҡҡͷŮʱҲڶԷǶԷʣԵ˵ڲͬ
ۣƷŮ
һ˿ŮӺ󣬼˵ΧҲ׷׹ע˹ȥ
Ůǰ֮ͣ£ʱͻȻӰѾʮ˽֮ΧסԶĲŮȴǸŭԣһԶ
Ů˾ͽӣ֪ɷŮһ棿
һӢ˵
ŮģܺŮһͺɽɫ
˵
ȻŮȴĿбӵƺΧЩ˲Ƶġ
ԶѾŮ˻һ𣬿ҲգЩܵеķһĵҲ࣬䵱ЩûеõŮӵĻظ
˽ĬĬϣһѸٵжϵӣ¶˽׳Ůǰζ壬ŮȻһԲȻʼЩĶ

ŮӾȻǰ¶˵ЦݣЦݼֱһĪĹݡ
ŮɵĻɣ
˵Ϊ˵˫̯Ȳı顣
ʲôûʲôȤŶ
Ů΢Ц˵Ŀ޼ɵɨǰӡ
ŮɿˣӲġ
һЦ˳Ů˹ȥ
ŮվŲûжñһڻУǸ˿ɲĻŮӣŵΧˡ
ŮȤĺֹһˣֻȴεͷ˵Ҳû֮򣬶һѪȵ
ΧֻȥŮӵһУ˸Σȹӡ
ȹӣ
˼ĺеӵıŮӣ˫ֽԲʵһֻǱȹ£һֻȴѾǸʵķȵش֮䡣
ۣ̫ˣ
˷ܵĺŻŮɢϢ
ŮӲû˿¶һĵЦ⣬̬ܵˣ۾ֱһĨ޵Ц⡣
㣡
ͻȻС˵ȻվǰҪ嵲סˮϿ˿
ŮӵΪ򵥣ԶԶĳˣŮˣòڣΪǿҪȺ֮䣬ֱ練֮¡
ϲɫȴǰԾ裬Ͼж˷ǳ£һСˣһֱŮˡ
ŮӷΧ˷׷׼Ī͵ĳȹӣܿ¶һƬ
Ư𣿡
ŮĵʵҲͮͮһƬǵһμʱģΪǺ߲Ż졣
ɣеŮҪƯ
ӴŴ˵ȻоŨŨҸϾеŮ˾Ŀ꣬ʱȴԼĻУƾԼ档
һѾƮһʯϣȻϥʯͷϣ峺עǰ֡
ҡͷЦЦҲߣŲԶľ롣
Ů˵֣ʱЦܾñа಻ס˳˹ȥ׷ײһ֡
һʱ֮䣬ŮһȺӵİΧУ治ĿֻЩҪ֮ʱȴŮӵľܾ
ͷϣͻȻһȣȫɱ⣡

˷׷׷Цû˻ὫĻ棬ֻŮӳ֮ȴûЦĳˡ
Ů˫ֻһ˵ĲӣͻȻ䷢ʱͷ˺ѵӵĽǲҾ御

˷׷׾ֵĺˣû˻ΪһŮӶԼŮӵǿΪ¡
ɽ磬ǿΪبŲĵ
Ůһ֮㽫ӵͷ­Ϸ£˫ͷ­ĳ裬Ѫһӵһ򻺻ĵڵϡ


1708 а
һ֮ߣȴǱŮһץס׵޵ʹ֮ˣ֪ĽǾԲѰ·ġ
һ˿Ŀɿڴ˵ô˭Ѫܵɱˣ
飬ôԺɱˣ
˴е
ɳǽӴԱ⵽ô£ΪʲôҪɱˣ
˾ֵĽе
˷ЩɳǽӴԱȫԶԶģһԾηŮӺ˶ʱ˲Ůӡ
ɱ죬ǵ³˵ĻκεΥ֮˱ɡ
ŮĺȵһѪܵͷ­ƾѪϣϣһֻ֮˷֮С
ȫ˲žûκ˵ڴʱΥΪ˭Ҳ뱻̵ɱ
Ѫζڡ
ŮϸͷǵѪһЦ˵
ӣŮӣ
źš
ɳǽӴԱʲôɣǸӣֹ
һ˲㱻˵־ĶɳǽӴԱ˵
죡ǵŮѰ·
鷲ŭһȭ˵ϣֻһȭ㽫ɳȥ϶ʱѪֱȴҲҶ˵һ仰
ӣΥӵҪɱ𣿡
鷲ع˵
ˣСĻɱ̫˷ˣŰɣ
ŮӲ˵аܹ鷲򹧾
ɽ뿡˫ޣ˭Ըһ
Ůӵеͷ­ʹˮϵϵѪɾͬʱҲĸȻչǰ
ֳһĳĬû˵ҵһǰΪ˭Ҳ޷ԤŮӵΨ̵ֱɱ
鷲Ҳֱð亹û뵽ŮħͷᵽļʮСȴҲԼˡ
ϣ첻ѪɺӣϣὫ˶ɱ
鷲аԵ棬ΨŮħͷ
ûԸ𣿡
ŮɦŪ˵ЦƺԼòʮš
鷲׼һǰȥȴǰԸǰ´档
һˣʱĶŮӣ˫֮ӿ˷ܵľâıǻ֮ѾӿѪȻȴδȻּȿܵı顣

Ů֣ŵӡ
˷ܵĴ̤ȥ૵ŮȹҲ
еһԸˣ֮˵Ĳ룬һᣬʮԸðǰ֮´档
޳ܵļˣ
꣬ȴŮԼ֮еɱһš
ôƾɱң
мȲм벻ΪβֹѵΪ˵Լȥֹ
һ̬Ը⣬Ǿѡˡ
ŮаЦ򼤶ſǰ
ﱾж
Ů˵
Ӽ˾ͬɵ㶣ֵɵִ
ŸʲôҪǲ͹ȥ
Ů޼ɵĺ
룬밡
ӺҵȻ󼤶ĽŮ§סܿ죬˱㵱˵϶ΪһΧ˼ѵǰ޳ЩɳǽӴԱҲޱȡ
ģ
ʵڿȥˣεıתԺȴŸղŵһĻܿߺ
ŮȷʵǸ൱ķɧΪŮݡ֪ķգȴǸķɶ˻Ǹ׳ա
еرߣЩŮӵݣԲɳͨĽɫ
˷ܵͺ𣬿ϧֻ˺̵ܶļӣ֮Ů൱ƣһһŽ֮߷ɡ
һŲأӵ屻߷ɺ󣬵ڵʱȴһ徹ȻۿɼٶȸɱȥܿΪһ߷˵ʬ塣
ŮϥƺĳصĹһİâ֡

аȴЩףŮʵ̫ˣֹȴҲЩΪͼɣѵոֹ
ŮӴʱɫΪޣûöñ㽫˵֮һ˫޵ʽڣȻͨ˹ܿһ֮
ŮħͷӦȥĵطаôأЩ˽ЩпõСΪа󣬼ֱ˷ǵһߺƤҡ鷲Ƶ˵ȴǸŭԣҲֻˡ
ŮϥͬʱǰӦ֮˫޵Ƿ׷ԶڼʶǸ˵״ЩȻùˡ
£µǵȴḶ́µǿֲﻹΪһʱѡ񳹵׵Ŀֲأ
һ˫޵ķʽȡԷڵһֱɣƺûɵЧǿֻԷԴ۴һٶҲһҪĶ࣬ѹһµľݣԭֱӹϵġ
вȷǷҪ̽ԷΪΨִݾߣԼĵȴš
ΪһˣӦԼԭɱ޹ɱ˵ķʽԼΪȻԿǿʵȴҲкܴĿԵ߻ħ²ɲ֮
ɱΪһĽƣܻԵ޹ʵɱΪ֣ߵΪʵȥɱˡ
ĻᣬҲѡȥɱˣΪζĳ׶䣬ҲֻзӲŻȫĲֶΡ
˭뱾һΣ
ŮЦĻܣŵЩ˷׷׺ˣҪԺӣȴ˻
㣬㣬
ŮָһˣͨһڵأģȻȴԵ˵Ĳ԰ŮӿһҲں
ʱתȻĶŮӣߺ޵ŮȻаɱ޹ˣɽҪɱ㣬Ϊɽһ
ȻϣŮװ㵨ƱɣʵڿɼΣǣȴûƱɵʵ
ŮӹЦϷʵŰ㣬⣬ûн
΢΢һЦû뵽漵𣬾ȻΪ˴˵صǸŮ˷֮⣬֮е顣
ҪСµˣΪԽŪڹ֮У
Ȼ˵һɽ˵Ʒš
Χ˷׷עĿ˴ʱѾ״˵زôãŮħͷ˵ƺһĲֵ
ɶŮûʲôȤȥɱ
Ůָ鷲
ǰּ
鷲ȴǽп಻ѣΪΪҲߣҲ֪ǷܶԷ
ǱɵĶ֣޷㣡
Ƴ鷲һۣɱԲŻ˵
͵֣ɱɲŻῼǷһս
ŮаЦҲûн鷲
鷲ҵٵķǰȻ˷ɽһâķ
ߣ
ڲΪǿƱ£鷲ûüȻ˾Եѹ֮£ս˵
ƾѹ鷲еɽղȣҪսȴҲֻ㡣

ɱ鷲Ǳһ鷲˫Ȳıڵأ֮ӿѪģǱ
ϣСӵĻô󡣡
Ůӻ֦ҲЦȻûΪֻаԾȣԷô˵صġ
սף뱾һսɣ
˵սһֱѾ¶ɱ˶ɱ˵Ůӡ
Ӵ̫ˣΪ𣬾Ȼˣһɺϵ顣
Ůˣ˶Ŀɿڴû뵽𼶱ĸ֡
ŮħͷȻү̫ˣ𼶱ĸ֣ǿǸ߸ϵĴڣѹΪΪȴûɳǵĸֹ
鷲аʱſڵϣҲǣҲǣʮ֮ǱǶԷսԼмشҲʮΣ
ˣ¶֮ɫû뵽ԷȻ֪ˣҲô嶯սԷˡ
ҲֵĶֻ֣ʵ֮Կˡ
鲻Խһȴ֪Ūһɾƣֺ
㵽˭
־ŭ
ѾΪɽɳ֮һ֪û˵أŮ֮ɫ˵Ψ˲֪ݡ
ɽɳ֮һɳǵȨߣɳǵһû뵽ҽҼǿǰˡ
鷲мޱȡ
Ȼû뵽ǿ𣬾Ȼ̬ҵǰ
˾ֵɽ˵񻹴ųݵĿ⣬ǿȵĶƺҪʱģԶĿԺС
Ϊɵаõģûʲôɽĵط㱾ɲĶ֣ҲʾûĶ֣
еսεɢ࣬޽ɵΪ𼶱ĸ֣жʤˣԼûаʤ㡣
Ϊ洦ɼ磬㷢Чұ𣬸һһˣΣ
ɽ޼ɵЦ
ɾҲᷢЧ㣬ˣҪ룡
˵ٴȼӿս⣬ԼΪԷȴҲԲ᲻ս䡣
ðɣ׼ɣɻὫȻһ㣬֪ʲô
ɽЦͻȻӿֳǿƣƱȰҪǿĶ࣬Χ˷׷ױѹ޷
ף
ɽԶȻȻȾƣвɰԳԾѵҲΪ
ûпʵһξ룬ܻܵԷƸţԷڵˣҲ˿η֮ģοһڵˡ
ɽҪѹڰϣ˳˾޴ѹֲֿѹ£ܵϢ
޽ΪΪ֮ʵǾ޴ģǴ޽ɺڣҲ޷ԽĲ࣬ˣɽѹ£ҵĲţҲЩѣеɽǲϵ


1709 ɽ
ƴھ£ܹ֮ܵԷһ˲ƱɱԼԲΣ
Ƕһϰɣ򣬵ƾһˣûκεʤ㡣
ɽָЦȻҲ˴޽ɵˣȻǶ޽ɺڵˣɽҲŰٷ֮ٵİա
鷲ڶм䣬ʱѾ޷ϵıѾŤȰ㻹Ҫҵǣ鷲ûеֿ˿ʱ㲻ֿȴҲ˫ǿѹѪ
ŹɣǶ֮ս޹ء
ָ鷲˵иԸɱ޹ˡ
⣬Ļһͼ˵𣿱ȴһҲš
ɽʮֲм˵Խѹ鷲ϣ鷲ܵƵѹɳƵĿֲѪٶȸˣѪ·ǴģҲ˵Ѫ֡
޳ܵļһȻ˶Դ£̫޳ˡ
ŭȴ޿κΣûʵȥ鷲
㽫ʱȴҡҡͷУȥɳǵĽӴԱ

鷲ûԼᾭ˱ҵ飬֪ǼѪҲǳ飬ֵֻȴУ鷲޷ȥ
䣡
鷲ɲǼ䱬ըˣ֮ԱǿֲҪ˺ΧĿڰɽĸֶԣ֮Ա̻һ㣬ֻܾ߱ͼֵˡ
ԺУ˷׷׸Ľ٣ڴ˵أ˵лҲںޣֻǴʱĻںҲ޼ˣû˵ܹԼС
ѵûĻǶսҲûлʤĿԣοһ˶Ա𡣡
ɽ˵űʤֻǿߵͬʱĶˡ
εĿЦеɽңָԷǣڶԷǿѹ£޷ķӳԭеʵ
ǱɼѵΪʤҶ𣿡
վңɽ΢Ц˵û˿Ľ־塣
ɽаͷֶǸ˵ڲֱͬʱȻ̬ѵĲԼ
ʱ˿̣ɽڶһЩӣʹʶ̽Ϊһ̽飬ɽһΪ˵ʵȻ޷̽ԷΪ
ѵʹΪ߷ΪҪǿң
ɽд󾪣ȫû뵽Ϊƿصصĸ֡
ɱ
֪ڶԷѹ£ǲ֣ҲûгֵĻᣬƴȫչ
ѣ
ɽûнǱһȭһȭɵӭ㷢Ľ
¡һ
Һı˰֮⣬ɽֻ΢΢ڿлζһ£ϴŲмЦ⡣
һ֮䣬˫Ϊľ޴ྡɣΧЩҲ˰ԲɽĶ֡
бٽӱһ
㲻ĺ澳бǿս⣬ڶȻһҲǰܷǿ
С
ɽȻʹɽǱȭΪƣƳǰĽĳ˵һʮֵĿ١
һ㱻ǧ֮⣬ӿѪ𾪵ŶԷû뵽Լƴȫ˿޷ɽ˿в
ɽ徹ȻֻȴɽоˣϾԷֻǴ޽ڵΪܹԼ˵츳˵á
ȻԵֵһƣ㻹ʲôУʹⱲӶûлչʵˡ
ɽŰ㣬Ц˵
ɽʯ֮ϣƾΧķӿȴƵᣬһݣ֮ս
Ϊķ˿һǿĺ֣ɽҪսʤδ˼򵥵ġ
а˷аͷÿɽԼɽʵ
ӵһԾ𣬻ĲøɾǵѪ˫һɺâڴʱѾûѡˣֻʹʦڵǿ
֮üͷҲһ£ⷨȻɽ֮УδҲ̫˳Ծˡ
ӡⷭӡԲڵģѰƷأ
ɽķǳһ֮ϾⷭӡɽڶķǣĶӡֻһȫǷƵģԷеһɱǷƵġ
ߣʦƷҪ
˫ŷӡĶߣȻ۾ĬĬ߶ſھڳļɽҲһ˲Ĳ
Ժ˾ͬ׵ĸ㣬޷˿һ˫սҲֻ֮ء
ڰӡһӴɽѹҲԵȻʧɫͬʱɽɣһԷҲڼһ׻ɫսס
˷սֻԺ˻ȫʱһ
аͻȻԺ˲
ɽ̲סһû뵽ԷͻȻͿʼйԼңӵٶ̫ˣҪǿԼ
ôܣѵҲ𼶱Ϊ
ɽ𾪣ٴμһΨܶл
㣬ҪȽǾȳȥ
ѵ΢΢һʶһʱĳ嶯ɴԼʹԺԵֵ
ɽŶԷԺˣЦΪǶԷļı֮һ
ٶȽԺ˶֮Уٶ֮죬ֻգۼ顣
֮ʱɽȴ¶Ц⣬͵ʧԭأȻչ˲ơ
ã
㾪ʦǿ巨еķӡȴȻûйȥ

ɽȵĳڰʮ֮԰ʶ̽鵽ɽǱ
һѤĽֱ˰ţʱϵĻ巨ҫ۵Ĺâ֮󣬰ŷɳȥ
ɽһ֣л͵Ϯ˵ȴԼʧȥѶϢһ˲ʧӰˣԺҲȫʧˣǼɳǵĽӴ
ѵˣôûܵḶ́
ɽаһ˲ԥ󣬾㣬ȷܹɱ
ֻһתڶԷ͵ϮһֻȫҪըһ㣬һ̵Լۡ
ڴͬʱܵԼɷΧ룬ȥ
Ǹˣȴû뵽ᷢԼ밵бİȫȴ̽ԼһǿĹ
ܣǣȴԼѾǷӡҲ˵ԼⷭӡӰΡ
㣬׳գȻҡ
ӱ˵ɲڽ±Ƿӡҵһ㽫ҪֱϮɽ
˲䣬㼸ûӻ࣬˭֪ԼԴʲôҩȻԼˣǲɱԭµġ
ͬʱɽ͵ЦѣΣԼ˵ģһǵķӡԷɹԼҲûȡ˰
ҪջطӡʱȴѾˣǿķʦΪ֤ĵӵİȫڷ֮д洢˴һָʾԷȻ޷ֹ
ܿ㷢˷ӡԼԼ˲ƹ켣ܸϣһԼ֮Ӳƴף򣬺ȥԼΪ
ԺʱǷӡͷϷʱ˿̣ӡͻһ㣬ڲϵıţԽԽǿ
ɰʹⷭӡɵͬˣɽҲδؿԵֵⷭӡĿֲ
ɽҲֳΣʱķ˹㣬Ϊи֪ɱ˰Ƿӡ᲻ᷢɽɹܻᵼǷӡԼ
ǿķӡ㲻ɽڵķӡҲǷƷǳɹķӡˡɲСӿԵֵⷭӡĽ
ɽԶԶڿУԿֵ̬˵
㣬ջķӡ
˵ֻǷӡԽԽǿ󣬾ԼڵΪҲоϢ
Բ޷ջأӡѾ˻ĹڸҵƿءҲܹģҿˡ
㼸Ҫ޳кڼˣǴʱĺһôҲûУǷӡȻֲһԹ
û뵽ĳ֡Сӣ㻹û뱾´棬ʵЩϧ
ɽѹķ̵еĸоʵ̫ˣΪԼ˸ı˾Ƶķչ
һսףԷֵ룬ԼǿķɽǱն콣
һ֣˺ֹһ٣ʱͷϵķӡǿĽ˷ӡ
ֻԥһԼԽǷӡֻ»ķķʵڲӲӲ
Էǿӡ
룬ܿҡͷˣΪԷԼҪѪʵǵòʧ顣
ӦʱѾˣΪǷӡѾ״̬ʱпܳ¹
ˣ
ڴʱ˸ջõǺڰؼγɵǿ֮̽ٻ
һźɫ廷ƣЩɫ˵Ĺ죬ɽ߽޷͸ɫ
һСźɫȻԼ仯ΪССһĺɫγɫɵϡ
ڶ˿ɫֺѾʧԭأ֪ȥ˺ηǷӡλ˲²ںɫ֮¡
Ҳǵһ˷ʽʹúɫ൱ԺɫɷյЧҲȷ
ȻգǾ˫գ
һն콣ݽ˺ɫ֮УһǺɫҲ޷ֵӡǿ󹥻ʱն콣ҲԵֵһ
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ҵĺӡڿԽԽСγ˰ƴСȻǿѹȴΧĿϵķžҵıը
ʲôӡȻС
ҲûеףǽҲϷһر£ǲǷӡܽԼô
ޱȣǷˣ㶼о𣬶˵ǰ뵽л
ɽʱǾǺɫΪŹ֣ѵɫԵֵӡǿ󹥻
ɽԴ˱ʾĻɣƳһ۰㣬ؿȾѪƺѾԼˡ
Ҫڷӡ֮ɱŮӡ
ɽȻĽӽ㣬ֻһ˲ƱԳ׵ĽʱֻҪһˣĵˡ
ӡ͵ĳ·׹䣬֮ƣдһıը֮ӡγɵĿֲԭصĵ涼ڲš
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ӡص˺ɫϣȻһǷӡͻƺɫķȴεڿһͣɫѸٵٴڿγɲϡ
һĻð˲٣Ͼӡ֮ѹЧڿе˿Ҳðķϣ
ʱΪʹĺɫԵֵͬĹοһأˣӡιȫǺɫ
ڽӽն콣ʱӡѾʧȥ˾󲿷ȴѾɫȫˡ
ಣ
δӺɫжݳʱɽѾʧĿ˵İ㡣
ʱ㻹ڹע뵽ɽͻȻ˲ϮԼһ㷢ɽ˲֮ʱȴЩ̫ˡ
ȥ
ɽڰʮ֮¶Ц⣬еɽźâͷ­ٶ֮죬ݰܡ
Ҫˡ
ھзҪֵȴԼĵֿվı䲻ʲô
ɽĽҪնʱȴһͻȻڰǰЦȻŰ㣬ɽ
סˣû뵽ַʽ֣ѵ޷̽鵽ɽ˲ƹ켣
ɽ˷ܵâ뵽ԷȻ·¶ԼѰ·ΪԼпһɱԷˡ
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ɽֻһͬնӲķϣһɾ޴ɽϴȻԼɳȥ
ܣɵҲδؿҵһ
ɽзĺ㱻˰֮⡣
ãûм÷ҡ
ȴЦ˵ɽɽ
㾪ȵŴͣ¶ٺϲһ¶ҲûУеѾ޷ˣʱѾ츳ԽԼλʦֵĳǿߡ
ôӲӶԷĽأѵɽҪӲ
㼤ʵ
ǺǣǸܡ
صһЦȻתɽ
ɽȻĶ𺳣ŻǿˣǶԷվԼǰԼỳһξ
ɱɵѣֶ̫ˣѵ㲻òô
Це˵ھԷսѾʮȷԷڵˣΪ츳ҪԼǲܵġ
㵽˭ʲôɣ
ɽѾƽУҲûκС֮ġ
ҽɢһ赣ı
͸ɽ뷨
ɽһϾ𼶱ĵˣһҪСĶԷɣ򣬻ֵķ񱨸ǽɽԸ⿴ġ
Ŷû뵽»һɢɣԸµΪһɢʵ̫ίˡɳ֮һʵȴǿڱ֧š֪˵𣿡
ɽһֳɽһȴ΢Ц˵ûǰǸ߸ϵơ
γ֪Է룬΢΢Цڣжš
ǲʶ֪Ϊǿ󣬱Ҳ·֪λСǷһ·ģ
ɽЦʱ뻯Ϊѡ
ɿɲɢɣɵɾԲڿԶԿġ˱ɣܵɵı
㵱˵ɽûаֺøУΪԼڶԷ˲͵Ϯ»
ɽаû뵽ԷĿôѵıڻҪǿ
ǺǣѲҪɵˣҲȲѵ²ųֹϾǵˣ̹ôܹأѵĿʵ쳣ǿ󣬲֪ʲôأ
ɽ΢Цϵ֮ҲѾʧӰ٣ڵǱĿ
ɵɣûʸ֪͵űɵıɣɳǣͬڣҲ޷ܱɵı
ޱȵ˵ǿҵԺС
ɽ㣬ȴЦӭôҲԸһǿɣֻϧԷƺĵҪԼ
ѣڣ֪Σ
ɽ֪޷ȡǰ㣬Ǳ㽫ҪľϣһǿּڣԼĹͶȻС
ɫЦЦȲ񶨣Ҳͬ⣬ֻǱųĳĬһ˼ĸо
ȴżˣ˵ġڵ˱޳ܣԲܼ˰ɡ磬ǵɣǵҪԶԶǿڡ
ߣֶ˵֮ܳΪǿѣɽһɻʹͬˣһѣɻʹȶ֧Ԯһ룬ǿɽۣ
ɽƳ˰һۣȻ󼤶˵
ߣɻʹôҳɽһɣԷġɽҲǿѣɻʹ֮¡ԣڣ뱾š
˽룬ΨڣǱȡ뽫ȡԼһ
ɽˣû뵽ⰵ㴦ԼΪУǸֶûУȻԼˣдοɻʹɽһţǾϵġ
Ǽֻѡǿɡ
˵Ҳ˽ǰԼôܻᵣԼأ
Ůˣͬʱϲǲΰ룬ϲлΪȡǵȻжִţȻŮԲʹ˷
һɣɶұˣǸƭӡȻǿڣΪβ˵ѵڱǿЦ
ɽ⼤жɻʹžԵģΪɽ磬԰һɡ
Ǳɲ˵ûʸ֪Ը룬Ȼ˵֣ȻԲ˵
㼤˵ǿеĳ嶯Ҫ˵Լơ
ðɣɽռһϯ֮أɽǿѣ۹Ҳ̫ǳˡɽɽ֮һûУǿȴɽɡ֪ûɽһڣ㣬ڵǿܣκεΪеɣɽһΪСôǿ󣬿ڣҲֻͬһĴڡԣڣû˿ǰ;
ɽ˵Ͼڵ֧֣ڸԵñǿֻҪɵϣһѡڵġ
Ȼ밵ͬɵӲ˸ϵҲѹɽĳ֡
аţɽ֪˻Ѿеǿɱ⡣
ڵΪȥɵ۾ȥ޻أȻȻɻɵ۵ɣǿնġ
¶˿ɬЦ⣬ƵƵͷһᣬ͵˵Ҫ⣬ڲǱϵƣʵɽһšڶɽ磬Ԫɵɲɽһɡ
ԣһû뵽һԪɵ۵ϢһԪ֮ˣҲΪԼһ֮С
Ԫɵۣɵ۵°ܽ˵ڰܸɵۺѾŻԶҲܳɽ֮Сһˣôҳ֮Ϊɽһɣ˵ѻҲ˴
ɽЦôû뵽ԷȻ˵Ԫɵۣ˷ɵ۵°ܽ˵Ҳܸı뷨
дɲԪɵۣǱɵż񡣡
յ޲ɱɽΪݵУԪɵ۱֮һ
ˣڵĵˣҲǱĵˣȻ߳ɳǡ
ɽ˵зĶҪɱ˰㡣
Ҳ֪Ԫɵ۵ǸʲôˣҲֻϣһˣϣû£飬ԼһΪɱԪɵۡ
ѡǼҵɣĳɣ
㲻ʵ
ɣ˵һɢɣôгѣڣкܴĻɵ֮ǳӭļ롣
ɽ˵һѡΪǿڣǶԷֶ͸¶ɡ
ŮϣԼһѡ񣬶̬˫ɢǻ۵ĹâƺѾ˾
ڶ˵ĵȴУصһЦ˵ô࣬ڲʺϱɣڰҲʺϱɣԣɲѡκɡ
ͬʱȻ˭Ҳû뵽ͬʱܾ˫ĽҲΪѵĽܣϾûѡԷɣǲ顣
ðɣѣʮѡϣ㱣ɳҲΪ㣡
ɽͷ˵
ЩǵҲо޹ŮӾȻȻԼʵЩ
Ȼǲȣֻһ֮飬һջӪȵľϾڿ϶Լĳ֮һΪմɵۣԼҲɵɽ฽ɡڰɣĿǰǱҲԪɵ۲һˡ


1710 
ðɣѾ˾Ǿǣڣ
˵ͬʱͻȻʧڿУɽд󾪣Է壬ֹͻȻϮ
ɽķʱѾһȦȴûзͻȻ˲Ϯɱֻǲ𼶱
ɽǰһΧľѾ仯ˣǲ³˶Է˽ƣǲ¶ɬЦ⡣
㵱ҪΪУ
ɽΪĵʵжѡʮֵʧʧԱ
ɽһԪǧ˿ƵϵһԪڵĵ˾ǱɵĵˣһԪڵĵжɣǱɵĵжɣһǾ޷ıġ㣬ڣɻʹȣڣⶼΪɵĵ˻ߵжɡ
Ȼ˵һӴս⣬ΪԼĵ˵ǿҲ̼Լս⡣
ɽĿɿڴҲû뵽Էֻһȴ˵ŵĻȻɵ֮ĸ֣Ҳ˵ĻɻʹѾɽĶǳڣʵɽķ𺳣ûһɵƣԷȴǵǹƥһսǿǳţ»ǳѰ·
ֹɽҲ¶ЦҡҡͷһҲʵȥսǿɽĴ˵ԪɵۣǿҲûʤİա
ðɣ־Զ󣬿ǣ˵һҲʵĴûǿʵȴ˿ǾĲˡ㲻ڵΪ޷սʤأȻִ뱾ΪУǱҲֻȫһսܿ㣬ɽ粻ô򵥡
ɽ˵˵Ʒȶϰ֮ʱѾᲢۡ
һΣɽûбʵıҪΪ𼶱ĸʱֻȫԸһ̽䡣
ǿƣ
鲻Խ˵ֻһϢѹԼЩѣҪˣȴǷԼѾѴݵĺˣΪ޴ڵǿƺơ
ذɣ
ɽһƼӣǷƳŶԷӿȥǰȻɽǰΪƺ˷ֺ
ɫ˲Ĳ԰ףڶֵĽ£ֻԼҲƲסĲһǰ鷲޷ڴ˵ӵԱ
ߣ
ɽ⽫ƳŰѹȥӴ˲ð壬Ҫվȵĵڵϡ
ۣ
ֻؿ̲֮סһѪܵϢԭֵ֮ǿԼûпܴ𼶱ĸ֡
ɽ¶Ц⣬Խѹڰϣ˿Ӱʵ˴ʧˡ
ж԰㲢޶ٺøУΪھʱദ󣬷ԼһˣҲ̫ϡ
ͬΪı
ʱıݽҧס´ǿѹӲûпȣѰҵ˾ɡ
ಣ
һѾ˰ߣɽĲĿУڰߣץסĸ첲һɫâѾʧ
ȻӵǿĿռ䷨Զݽ޽ɵˣʵЩ¡
ɽȻԽʵ
΢΢һЦһӣǺɫѾɵǰķӡҲڿС
ǰǿķʱȴѾʧȥǿڿУ޷γ˿в
룬ӡҲ˷֮Уֳɽ̬Ȼɽ
㾿ǲڵΪ
ɽЩɵʵΪԷԼĸоƺڵˣΪǿ󣬶ʮֵء
Ȼ
ں˵ΪΪڲ½ƺѾ˶Է
ɽ־ǳˬοǰакǰɳǵˣԼΪѾﵽ֮ǳΪаĹߣҲһ
˲ңҲˣңҲˡ
ѾҲɢɱ⣬еɽ͵ѪƸڴʱǡ
ɽͻȻԼͬΪڵˣȴԶԶԷܿоʮܣڶԷѹ£һִδйѹָӡ
ȻԷƻڷǿǿѹֱͿ˵ƣпܴﵽ˵ơ
ɽͻȻһ˿ݵĿ־壬ѵԷڵˣԼĴʮֵΣˡ
Ȼ˵ޱȣ㲻ʹ⹦ƾһһȻӵ㹻ǿƣ˽һƣɽÿһ£Ʊһ֣ѹɽ鲻Խĺˡ
ɽ޷ֵǿѹһˣΪסĽƣ˵δͬҲ޷޴ڵǿѹ
Ϊ˿ֲҲĶ֡
ɽѾֻ֣̿ÿ־ѸٵӣòƬʱ䣬Ȼ̲סԳ


1711 ɱ
ȣ
ɽڿȳͻȻֿӿֳһƬѪѪ˿ǶԷѹĽֲʱѪɽиΪ־ˡ
ԷڵΪͬˣԽһѹѪֱĵ飬ǶԷ츳߳Լһء
Ӷ֣¶һĨ̵Ц⣬еսٴηɢƻڷӣӴƽļгԷѹȥ
ɽٴѪһȴˣֻѪ𶯣սҲ֮Ѹٵ֪ȥԼֻ»ûüѾװܸ˶Է
ҵ츳ʮǿ󣬲
ɽҰοǿ־ȴǴƵС
㲻ɳڶ֮еһԱ̸ɳ֮һ㲻ǱɵĶ֣콫սڴˣģɱ֮󣬱ɻһڣɽɢ
ȴǸΪǿɽҪֱˡ
ǣɽɲΪֵ֮սΨ¸ҵսܻһ
ʱɽԺЩԼǿɱˣʱ˿̵ԼǵƣͬǣԼȻͬʱᵽָо
ŲæһѹܹȫѹƶԷǴܶԷļѾﵽ˾ųϣͬˣԼҲҪʲô츳ʵ
ۣ
սδʼɽѾ³ѪƽͣսҲʧ˾ͬ׵ĸǼȥֻ·һ
ȥ
ɽĺǴѪ״̬֮ȷ˽
ȻȴǲΪ岻˷ƾɽĹϮ壬¶һ˿аȵЦ⡣
ɽĽǽն󣬾Ȼײֻ΢΢һ£ϵɫδ˿ĸı䡣
ȻɽȴǾֱӱǿɳȥڿзɳ˰֮ңʱٴѪ
ɽϵıͬ˹һ㣬ôŶԷǿɽҪӲĵزˣԼҲڵˣΪĲ֮󣬾Ȼɰ֮⣬һˡ
㵽ʲô
ɽֵĺȵеսѾɢΣֻԼԷǿѹľĵز
Ҿңô򲻹ֻܹʵãֲ˱ˡ
΢΢һЦھǿԷĹҲԼΪԽţڵ˶ԼֱѰ·ڵˣҲ޷Լֵðˣֻڵ˲ԼսʱȻ츳̫ˣһԼĶ֡
㣬
ɽЩ֪˵ɽ޷ն˶Է£ЩҲ޷γвʹ÷Ҳ˷ˡ
һɱ㣬һʡΣ춼һ
һһٵ˵û˿вɽͬһ֮ˡ
ɽֵĺ㲻ҪٹˣҾԱ֮壬һᡣ
ôڵΪ֮ԱţҲš֣ǾԱɣɵš
УӴѹɽƽûжɽваں
ǻԼ򲻵֮ʱԲȡ֮ԱֶΣΪǽһеŬϣ
ɽľ񼸺ӽУ޿ӣ֮սҲǶ֡
ƴˣ
ɽٴγֽǷɽһնǣȴĽϾ¶һܵЦ⡣
ɳϲĶ֣䣡
ɽƵ˵ʱﻹܹ˼
Ҳ
ȵһȻɽǰʮ֮
߿
ɽ˻ɽնα壬ɽ˲䣬һȻ㿪ɽĽ
ȵɽӽնʱͻȻǰһˣǸ˾ȻһץסԼ
ȰĳɽߣַɽʹеɽҲղˡ
ɽɽ͵Ĵֵ£ȻǿĽȻһ֣һɺɫӭɽɽ
ɫӵ쾡£ܿĽɽɽ֣ɽĴסˣҪңɽɫ֣ȴָ岻ȥ
꣡
ɫȻʼȼĺɫܿĽɽɽԻʽƣɽȻţȴǳ岻ɫİΧ
һ׺ɫʮǿǽ֮ںϣҪһɽ֮еǲ¡
ʲô
ɽֲľֻɽ֮еѸٵʧԼһʶҲ޷Ӻɫջء


1712 ʦ
ɣ
˵¶аȵЦ⣬ǺɫҲʱ㽫ɽ֮еһա
ɽܸо޴˺ڱͬʱѪץסɽ󣬸ʲôвԼ顣
Ŀɽٺɽŭѣһֻ͵һȭźȥſɽͬһȭ˫ȭͷײһ𣬷ǿıը
ҵ֣
ɽʹԷһȭԼȭͷȻԷķѣֱ۾ըѿȥǲҲ̶á
Цһ͵һֻۣһɽ󱻴ֱ۶ϣɽʹᡣ
ħ᲻úġ
ʹ£ɽ
㻹ûʶĶħ
¶̵Ц⣬͵һץɽͷץסȻ΢΢ǽɽὫ
ſңſҰ
ɽҲû뵽սĽڶԷǿ£Լ˿ûзֱ֮Ǽ䱯顣
ߣ
ĳ͵һ˦ɽȻײڵϣһ̤ĺϣͬһֻ
õӦģƴˡ
ɽˣѾ˱֮ģ򲻹ԷǾԷͬھ
ԵãʵȴǰԽ䱸һԷ񣬵ɫٻΧܿ㱻ɫĻ֡
ɽûüչ֮ԱԼҲ˿УǺɫĻ棬бܵľ쵽в
ȥ
ɽҧȵͬʱԷͬھ
ֻǣе֮ԱûеɽһľŶԷԼô֮嶼޷Աˡ
㵽ʲôΪʲô
ɽĺ

һɽһȻ֮ģһԷͷ­
¡һ
ȫһֱ֮ӽɽߵתͷ­һߵ뿪壬ɽҲ㱻ιȥ
ǰ
ɽʾˣʱѾͶ·û뵽Է˲̵ŰɱԼ
֪Űɱʲôĸо˰ɣɽӴԺ㽫ɳǳҲΪڵһʷ
ٴһţֱӽɽͷ­ߵֿɽҲ˱ǿɱ֮ɳʱȴҲ޷ͨɫķ
᲻úģһΪұģӲȥ
ɽ֮žĵķߺ
ٺ٣
һЦ֮ץסԷ֮壬ܿ죬ΧĺɫѸٵĳֻ۹
ɽ֮弸Ҫָ󱬣Ƿĺɫɽ֮塣
֮ͬ壬ҿɲ˿Ĵ⣬СΪ
аһĻɽ֮ʧ
ɫ潣ӵеĻΪǿ󣬺ܿ㿪ʼָɽ֮壬֮ڽɽ֮ɡ
ɺ˫ǻ۵Ĺâͨͬ˵֮壬ܹᵽΪķǿҪڵĽˡ
֪ЧǿԼıչΪ̺֮ʮǿ֮ͬʱõϣΪϡ
Ӵ֮Уԭʮǿ壬Ҳǿ˵Ӹֱ˵ɽ
⿪ƺ󣬷ԺѾʮˣʮɳǵĽ
Ǻˣ
һ߶ŭ
ܣֲûпɵ𼶱ˣǱ㽫ʶ̽ȥǰΪǿҲոմ޽ɳڵˡ
ಣ
Ӱӷ֮жݳʱжʱȲѣǸɽΪʮǿôһ鶼ûأ
лǰ֮
˷׷ߵ
ɣ
ڰ֣Щ˷׷׵лһԽŭΪɳǵĲӴʧˡ
ɱɳǵĽӴʹ
ָȵ֮Χ˾һ
⣬ȴƴϣ߲ش𣬵Щˣзɱۣ

ͬʱ磬һԺˡ
ЦҡҡͷԼɱ¾ˣЩȴ˲бƺҲֻԱƱľٴ뷽ƽϢ˵صķ粨

ҽһ˱һɱΪΪľ޴࣬Ǹ˸㱻ɱ
ס֣
㱩һƣԾϿкȵ
һܵľð㲻öԸǺ˵Ժ֮һ֣ɱ
Щ׷׳ɱȥȫЩ˵֪ʵǿ󣬶ȫġ
㰵ǰ˲ᣬձƾ谵ƱԺڶ
˭ҹɱ⣡
ȵս߿գʥַ
Ҳסˣƺû뵽ǿ󣬵Ժȥ
ʮȴְأһаܵߡ
ЩֹȴǲȽ㣬ǣ˫γ˶ţĳԾúЦ
ɳǵĵϣԷţһȥȱⰵ㴦ʵڲҹά
ͷһЩˣҡҡͷЩԴ̤ɳǺѾעˣԼϾֻһˣʵڲ̫ܴ뿪˵ء
οЩ˷׷ǹʣûоǵıҪǰ㣬ԥһǾһ⻹ǿصɷϡ
Ȼ룬ЩĲ̣ǿڵ㣬սپ
ԥһ˲䣬½ƣеУеɽѪɱɳ
汾ߣ
ԺȥҲ׷׸ԺźֵֽӰ㿣ɳǵ
ˣЩ˵ΪӳɳǣҺףǳɳǡ
һٴν˶˷֮С
ŵһȺ˵ʲôʱָɢ֮ɫ
ĵԭأŰ֣ǽֵϵҲ׷׿ʼԽԽ˳⴦ɽӿ롣
Ƭ֮󣬰ڳ˳ȴһǱѪ߰ߣȻѾˣѾʮ
ֻһ۱㿴Щ˵֮Աûɻصơ
ǰмˣǾȻȫչԱ
ЦĳƺҲ˸ı䡣
㻹žӦˣڣҰˡ
Ц˵Ȼס˰һֻ֣̺ˣ΢΢һƾס
ǳ֮Ὣϵһ󣬰ɫҪ࣬дĹâƺԼôصƣȻָ֮졣
ʧ㷢漣ȬˣжʱʮָмſС֣̬
˼ɽ֮УЩٴеĽ䱸ţߵѾʮˣЩ˸Ʋ
㣬Ҵ뿪
Űݽ˷֮Уκɽеȫסˣû˻뵽Է˻ƾʧ
ǰĿռ𣿡
ɻʵּǰЩˣЩ̹
ţ˵ҵķռ䡣ˣЩͬţںδȥ뿪
ƽ˵
ԥ˲䣬ڵͷǰҵʱȲƭ㣬Һϵģ֪ҵǡ
޷㣬Ҳȫһ˵ġ
˵ȴǲΪȻȻǶԷĲ̹Լ޺øС
հʾʼɳǣܿȳЩͬţЩ֮У󲿷ֶ˲ĴΪǵʵ
߶ʮһ֮УȻðͣǣЩУȻм˻类ϴһ㣬Ȼ뿪˵أѾɳǡ
Ȱ˵Ҳ޽⣬ǣòǿƷ⼸ˣеĶʦȴôҲѰ
ɳǵϿĴѰȴһ׼뿪ɳʱͻȻɳǵķ𼶱ս
Ǳʱһɽһߴս֮Ѿ˽ƣսƺŸոտʼ
㣬۵߿ʦ֮һ
ʵ
ҶʦֽۣһǹͷһŹİɫӡ
㵱ش
Ǳڽ֮⣬ڶսĳ֮⣬Ҳڹսв𼶱ˡ
ˣʮֵСģΨֱټȴ˼Ҫ𼶱ˣƺʮֵѣΪԼ޷ͬ˶֮С
ɽһɽϴŭ֮ɫ˫иǱŷǿҵɱ⡣
ĻˣݣƤҲĵЩƣ°ͼģһ۾Сļ˫üϵȴʮֵĵ⣬˫۶ŶԷķ¶̰ɫǷҪΪԼġ
һһԷһɽƷԶԶɽ֮ϣɽ߾Ȼƾķǿơ
ƺͱƴѹȻǻʤһɽҲѷһѣӰսʤ
֪ɽ߱ǰеʦ֮һڵΪ㵨սڵˡ
ȻߵΪҲֻǲ²ΪڣڣҲֻռЩơ
ˣҲòϰĻЩʦֵ츳ԶԶĳһ𣬷ôԽսأ
Ƿʦˣ
㼱еʵ
󣬰ȴһҲģʦй츳пŵǰʮڶУ츳ŵǰѾսʤڵˣԣһڵˣԲԷ


1713 
һʦںδأҿɲɳǣɵ۳֣ǽһ򾡡
Ȼ˵ѾֲĸоƺΣգָоֻϿ뿪˵ء
ڷ֮УҲǹĳԼķƳһۣҲɴ⣬ϾԷԼͬˣ̽ԼĲ֮ڵǸ׷Լ
뵽ĵ˺󣬾ܱܿ˴ڵĵطǹעҲ˶ֵϡ
㵽ǺˣͶ⽫Ļᣬ򣬱𶨻𡣡
ɫĺȵҲЩû뵽ڵҲôѲǶԷһӵеġ
ɳǵ𣿱ǱڴˣΪɳˣܿѵˡӦͶ𣬽ɢɳǵˣ򣬱𶨻ɱЩɽࡣ
һָ룬Ȼ˵
׳գѵ֪ɳڶѵƾһ֮ŤתǬ
ЩˣԼҲ϶ɳǵô𣬶⹫ȴǵΪ
ͷ֪νΪɳ֮һκεҷɳ֮Сڵ˶ѣûʵڱǿڳԡɳǾǶ֮ǰСκ֮жĴۡ
߰Ȼ˵иΪԷиɳǵʵҲĶԷΪɳǱΪǿ
˫һȴǸã˭Ҳռݲ˿ͷϵıˣɸоЩЦɳǵ˶ٻ£Ȼѡ˵طֻǿʵܶԷ
ƵһɽһһķЩǿҪ˵ࡣ
ǻԲһʼеܣֻÿ˶вͬ·ʽԴˣҲʲô̫⡣
߼ȫɢȴָγɶƣԷ츳Ȼʮ˵ãԶԿɢơ
ɱ
ŭһն
ǹоâһݣֽɽηһӭϡ
˿ʼıƴڿзײǻ߾ķ֣ԼڵΪȻڽҲ޷ռݶơ
߲ŵɣǹҲ˺ʮɶѣûоԼҪܶԷƴȫȻԷƵȴûеĴǶԷʹѾûκεİտԴܶԷ
֮Ҳ׷𾪲ѣЩ𼶱˷׷׿˫սǱϿǲ⣬ռƵĻʵ԰
ԭɳ֮һĶҲˣΪͷأһʵҲԳɳ֮һʵǿЦ
Է̵еԽǿ֪ԼȻڲ֮أֻҪ˶ԷͿɳǵƴ󽵣лḲɳǡ
ҪţٳԱһ
ڹĴ̼£ߵŭɽߣΣɳɹս£ԼԲһڵˣƴҲҪ
һΣߵĽѾǣĽʵķžը
ĺã
ո˵󣬵˫ۣ¶мЦ⣬˫սӭԷͬʱƶ
䣡
ߵٴηңеľΪԣΣҲû뵽ԷĽԴﵽǿһΣ˫˳ɾ룬Ȼ˭Ҳûռݶٱˡ
⹫ȷʵ츳ˣȻӲƴ˵ʵһ㣬Ҳһõ
ԭ뿪ǹķҲⳡսˡ
Ϊ󣬻û𼸱սˣսȻø𼶱˵ʵѶϢһ㣬ҲĿǰȱġ
֮У󲿷ηηģһѾϣϣЩͬҲֱ
㱡촽΢΢һĨĻȣжʦžԵţֻĵʦɵۼĸ֡
ڰ㿴ʦּ޾κȻɵֻۣɵ۳ڵˣҲûаʤĿԡ
ɵһǿĴڼйɵ۵ս߳ɽĳЩţɵֻܵˡ
˫Ŀգƺ˼ʲôǱԶʼЩͬ˵
߲ķһնʮལȴȻûռ˿ƣʱƣ߷ֶԷ޾һ㣬ȻԽսԽ£Լʼְ֮ơ
ûΪƣԽ޷ܶԷʹ÷ǸǲܣԷӵǿķȴҲʹ÷ԼҪʹԻܵĸ졣
ʵѣڵʵ̫СˣǱɵĶ֣ûʲô˼


1714 淨
Խţм㽫ͻѪ
ΪǿԷԽսԽľԼһܣܿѣԶĳΪɳǵЦ
һƺû˿ģսȥұذɡ׵İ취սپ
ֹͣ˽һʧԭء
˲ƣ
һЦһҲη壬ָǰһǷų߲֮ɫ쵵Ĺâͬʱ߸̽顣
˵ɴ۾׷׿һӰɫâУɫâɢ̽ջڻߵϡ
ߵηٵ˲ƣ߲ʹâҲͬ׷ţ𼶱ˣ״˷֮ȻΪߵĻ޴Ρ
е˼ԭƵķ
ǲĹճһ˿̵ĻߣȻǹȤˣ֮һϸ¡
ٵ˲ƣ֪ԼѾȫ¶ڶԷƿ֮УǹǰװƾͼƣȴЦѡ
ȥ
δߵȻڹϷҫ۵ɽƳգĿ꾹ǹ׼
ǻɽһ˲䣬˫Ҳͬʱӽٶ֮죬ǻҲһ
ԭ˲ƹʱȴ˫ͬʱͨ߻û״ȴԼ徹ˡ
ôܣ
߻ھ֮Уû뵽Լ˲һЧҲûУµǣԼԷĲҲԽԽ
ܱɣ
صһЦͻȻ˲ʧ߲ʵķͻȻɢǿ߲ʹâ
ߣ
ڹ˲Ƶһ˲䣬¶˲мЦ⣬һֻΪǿһŻʩչ˲ƹֶΣԷڵΪСڵˣ
ǣߵЦֻ˲䣬̱㷢ֶԷȫʧԼʶ֮̽⣬û𾪲ѣô벻
ˣ
ɽ䱸ɻأ޷̽鵽Է˲ƹ켣
ԭνߣ޷ŷЧأϱɣ˰ˣ
аʱ׹ΪοԴڵˣⷨһʮҪأڵ˽ڲ֮ء

ǻ߷ӦѸ٣ȴҲЩٶۣ۵ĽٽɷΧʱ߲ųֽӭϡ
䣡
иոջңȴû뵽ӿжʱ󾪣һȥٴλ˶Էв
ɶ񣡡
ŭڶԷεУԼͬһ޷ƶĻӣŶԷĽ
һʼļУ߻صĵˮ©Խ棬Խ㣬Էÿһû˺һξ롣
һǱ֣˶Է񹥻·УҪҲ¡
㲻ϲ͵Ϯ𣿱͵Ϯζô
ЦţԽͬʱҲ̶Է
б¾ͳ뱾һս
߷ĺڶԷ£ѾѪɫһƬ˫ɱӿ
ʲôķʽҲǱĶ֡
ЦԽԽֻ߲ͣǿС
Ƭ֮󣬻ߵѾ˺ۣԡѪ۲㱻ԷĽֱǿ֮ĩȻ޷ȥˡ
һڵˣʱȴһڵϷˣɳǵҲ׷
ɳǣ֮һɽʱҧţҪʩչԷͬھ֮Աˡ
ķʽֱҪ߱Ʒ裬ڰʱ֮󣬹ֹͣ˹һЦֳΡ
ɽŴɽ֧ƽ⣬һ۰ȻԷĽˣʱȫµֱۣͬӤһֱۣάƽ⣬߱κεĹá
ɽսף֧飬ϵ˿ٸǱԷˣΪҵɽʵ̫һϵҲᵼս½
ǹȴɫ糣һ˿ڶûУʱ΢ЦţһסǰһԲηǷɢɫĹâΪһ塣
ԭڲ⹫Ӯˣ
аֻʤ֪˵ɵػϢʱ֪ôġ
¶ŭ֮ɫԼܾѶ֮⣬һģ΢΢ס
ôҲƽ뿪ɳǣ
Ц˵ų滰ƴĶԷһԷĵĲ࣬ԼһԮἰʱʱ򣬶Էֻ·һ
ɱ㣬治뿪ɳǣ
˸ЦһִǷϳ룬ڵδеĳӯͻոԷʼսһ㡣
ҲΨֶԷָͺɽϣǹµһӭϡ


1715 Ĵ󹩷
һ֮£߲ҺֻؿһҵʹǷɳȥ֮ң
ಣ
ٴ˲ˣ˻ᣬɲˡ
߾û뵽ԷĽȻ翪ʼһǿ󣬴ʱԷ˲ƣʧǣе
ɳ֮һɽȣýĲ¶־֮ɫΪˣҲֵܵԷǿʵ
Ҫɳˣ
һӰĶ˽֮Уڹʩչɱ֮ʱǡôĵɽǰ
䣡
򱻶Էˣȴһ飬Ǵһ˿ص΢Ц۹ѣɳƷ𣿲֪λɳǵλ𣬱ɣ
磡
ɽ¶ɬЦ⣬Ĳ
˵ȻһЦȻ˹򣺡츳ѣܴɳ֮һʵñòǸԸɳǣҲ̣֪Σ
մ֮һɽԽǿܶԷа²м˵ߣɳ˷óɳǵĳ֮λҲƲϡˣ۹ѣɲ£˷㵽ס磬ɳǵһϰɣһ˽³ˣ
֣ȻԶսɳ𣬴˷񵽼£ɳǵĲ¶֮ɫһŵעŽڵսΨֳҲܡ
ųɽʮصɳǣȻһ˵£Գɳڡ
дŭȵҪɳǾԲô۸ġҪսȻĺܲң

ЦһҲûɳǵĳֻĿȴʼڽ֮Ѱ
Զ٣ʵɶ񣡡
һ˶ϺȵһȻ֮УȻվ˹ߡ
һָͷͷϵĳ˲ʧӰ٣¶һĹͷϵüëҲʧѸٻָԭеģ
ʦ֣ã
򹧾Ĺ˵ĸǿˣΪʦ֣ɴɳǵ
˷ɳǵĳҲɫ䣬ôû뵽ԷͬȻΪʦ֣ʵΪǿ
ɳɣرܣ򣬸ɱۣλģɱҴɳƵһˣ
ͻ
ಣ
˿ʼԶ˵أڳ£û˸Ҳ
ֻ滹˼ԭأһҲûк֮⣬ƺس֮
кɣƳһۣ˵ڲͬжʱ뵽һֿԡ
ʦ֣ӦҲ𼶱ˣ
ָŽ˵
ţõģǵ࣬ȴҵȶ֣ҶӦ
üͷͷ˵
λһ֮
ͻȻ˵̬֮ù˶ݡ
ǳҲڵˣȻԳ£ǸΪǿ󣿡
üͷ뵽ͻȻоΣء
ģҵԻ˽ؽ֮أ
ͬʱ˵
üͷ빫һۣԴӶԷп˾֮ɫΣҲû뵽ͻȻ֣Ȼ˶еԭƻ
Ϊⱻ֣ٴԶݣȴѸƶռ˶ĸȻһġ
ķƮҡʱһɹӴͬˣһҲ޷̽Ǽ˵ľˡ
üͷ빫ȴǿܿͳһ˾ͬʱŽȥ
˲䣬ͻ˲õĽƣȻ󣬶ȫʧİ֮أȫʱγһΪӴĽơ
ãĶһ޼ʵĽɳĮ֪ԼںδüͷҲ¶ɫҲûǰ
ʦ֣мˣɳԶԶֹĸ˵ΪΪǿҲﵽڵΪҶڵΪԵֵ
ǰѾʧӰ٣ʱɫҲԵޱȡ
ʦܣҪ̫ˣԹűˮڣʦֵ֣Ҳ躦£սڴˣ
üͷοѾɽ
˲䱸ȻɳĮȴƽޱȣ˷ɳ⣬ƺʲôҲڡ
ಣ
ڶ˵ǰ֣ǳɽһЦɽдżķŭ
ǽƬããɳĮ֮УǴɳǵĴۣ
ɽЦǰǷһɨգȡ֮ǾԵš
˺ˣ֤ǻʱ
˵
磡
ɽЦţԶɳĮ˳֮ɳĮͻȻһͤɽϥ֮ͤУ˫עǰ
㲻ҵȶ֣ĸ𣬲һɣһ̫鷳ˡ
ͷ˵
üͷ׵ͷеɽ΢΢ţƺڸ֪Χϸ΢仯
λΪǿܿԿġһԶԸǡ
ٺЦûн˷
ڵˣ˵仰֪Ŀ
üͷ
µòһڵˣ
ֹסЦǸոսڲãΪǱȶԷǿϲ٣ˣһԶҲʮֳġ
üͷ빫ٴξ㵵Ķӣ֪ɳǵʵôǿأ֪ҲڹȻɳǵˡ
ԭΪɳֻΪڵģֱʼƺȴһڵˣųΪ˵ĹȥԶ
ʦ֣ʦܵʹܹڵˣҲûʲôµģһͽʦԸ㱣ʵԸˡ
˵Ҳڵĳ
ţҪСģɵıԵ棬ս¹򲻿ɴ⣡
üͷ
ʦַģʦܶȻʦʧһǳġ
бǿҵս⣬Ϊսġ
ڴʱɳĮͻȻӿ磬ֱĸöͬʱ䱸
ʧ֮ʣͬʱɢǿƣһֺͬɳĮƽ˼ɱ⡣
ͷͽԸǲŴ򲻹һڵļһ
һȹŮӶüͷм˵
֣ǲֻӭǾ𹩷ˣ
Ĺ˵
ˣҵȽڵˣƽԣԳˣҵԿ
Ц˵
Ȼˬ죡Ĵ󹩷ڴˣǶ˲ӣΪο
ЦҲûзǰˡ
˵ǺˣѵڵΪ𣿡
𾪵ʵ
˷ֱΪ𣬱ɳĴ󹩷ƽʱӲֻ֣ɳΣʱ̲Żֻ⡣˵Ϊڡ
ԺĽܵ˷׷׷Ц⡣
ڵˣһҵȱذɣ
пƣû뵽ʵԼ˵ľ
һ߶ڵˣ˻ǿӦˣȡʤĿԱ΢΢
ֹǹ򣬾츳ʤһüͷʱҲţӲƴ֮ºʤ㣬ֻͻΧϣǶԷѾǿƣҪͻΧǲܡ
ʦܣսҲͶûɣҶ˽֮ضսлᣬͬھ
üͷҧгݵ˵ⷬ
ţʦ֣ġһҲǶ֣ұ֮ԱҲܱǡôѣҲԲͶûʦţ
Ҳŵ
˵ĻֱӣóпһԼԵĽǷһˣǻ᲻ϧչ֮ԱȻӰԼķӡ
Ĵ󹩷ҲΪﵽڣȴҲԸĴսһԷ֮ԱĴ󹩷ҲҺ
ˣҪɱҶˣȴҲٸˣĴۡ磬˫ףÿԱⲻҪ
üͷˮ˵̸֮֮ԱҪΪԷΪ̸ȡ
һ㶣û뵽ԷףǱ㻷Ĵ󹩷
Ҫףƾʲôѵƾ֮ԱΪв𣿡
Ҳ˵ڵ
üͷһ֪Է˺˵ǱӲͷƤ˵в˫ʶԱ鲻ʹԺͣҶ뿪ɳǣҲðսǶȫ
˷ŻɽԲɷȥ
𿪿˵
ǱЦЦڵˣбҪڵ˽𣿡
ҲЦ
ĬĬĵͷȻĴ󹩷еķˣЦͬ⣬ҲԲӦǼΪˣƬɳĮǵ֮ء
ΪϾԼɳǵĳǼȴ˵ȻԼ͸Ŀд
ˣܾ飡ǶͶǽԴϲ֮£룬ڵˣǵ츳ܹ֧ǻȡʤ𣿽ͻǿǡϧĴ󹩷õĽƣڵΪ޷룬Ǿ͸ˡɵǱɣ
һ˵࣬˾ͬŶˣзգҲҪˣ
üͷпЦû뵽ԼļıûЧԼֻڴ˽սˣսҲǶյ
ڴʱһâ˾һ̧ͷ˷ٶĽɫ
ɵˣȻ
ϵɳĮϿǳͬĴ󹩷д󾪣Ȼ˱צɵ۵ͬʱߵݡ


1716 ƭ˲
¹ӭצɵۣ
ͬʱڵأһʹͷȴ𺳲ѣû뵽צɵۻڴ˵ء
Ȼɵ۵ϧǵ˵ɵۣ
Ц˫üšһߣҲûǰνš
üͷϵķ͵Ĳ˫ҧʮѹֵ˵ʦܣģսڴˣҲǱģ
ӷ֮жݳΣԲ̧ͷвɰԺЦԼǿЦЩ˾ŵĻɢ
ڹüͷȴֱͬʱЩɵĶûиоɵۼѹơ
ã̧ͷ͵͵ƳһЩˣ˸Ͳצɵۡ
ɱ
üͷͬʱֽɱԷɵۣ֪ɣҲͻȥˣηĹԷɵۡ
ͻȻϮ⵹Щֲˣ׷ɿЦǶǵġ
˻һüͷͬʱסˣȶԣϣʱĻ滰򣬺롣
Ĵͬʱһ׷׷߸Ͳצɵۣɻء
㵽˭
üͷʵ
СʦðѣΧһ֮
ЦŻش
֣ͬʱһϲһۣȻͬʱ¶Ц⡣
ǰ֪ʦںδ
üͷʵ
ںܰȫĵطǷĺˡǻɱɣھȥ
￴˵뷨Ϊ˵
ǰĪҪŭʦõѣȻҲҶ˵ѡҶΧܳҶ˲ʤм֮ãﻹỳǰأ
üͷŹЦʱ˿̣˶Էİٶ˼ʤ㡣
ǰǱצɵۣ
Ȼ
Ȼǰ׳ɵۣ
Ļشóƿԡ
˽־ŭΪǱצɵۣҲǷ֮ôɴĴ󹩷ֲõĽơ
üͷҲģΪɵۼĸ֣ȻǿɾȳԼˡ
Ĵ󹩷ͬʱƶܿڳΧվһɢҲʮ־ˡ
֪ǺˣΨԼɵۣҲʶ̽ԼԼȻɵۣʶ̽ǿķɡ
ǰ˭ΪҪɳΪУ
ĹʵпɲһǿɵۣǴʱԼ˵ĴʮΣˡ
һԷЦɶԷ潫ԼɵۼĸˣˣԼβƾͼƣûȳˡ
ԷڵˣһҲСӣǶ֣ʤ㼸ҲǸδ֪ο˵ڵĵ̣һܽеȫԼһذɡ
ȻĵǱצɵۣһأԼȻҪٶ˵أǼֱѰ·
ɵǰ׳ձצɵЩ飬뱾ɵߣɵݣȴһŮӣǶ˵ʦáɵ۴Ӧǵʦãǳȥ
Ѹٵѣģȴһ㶼ſںԡ
ľһ㶣˫ϲǣΪԲûеκһԣ˲Żһ
üͷͬʱ¶һЦû뵽ԷҲйϵ˷ܾԼˣǿСʦõϣҲ֪СʦʹʲôֶΣȻ붯ɵ۳֡
ԭǰǱצɵ۵ѣ֪ǰţǰͽ̡
һȻĹ˵
ɵɵ۵ֱϵ£ӰɱеһԱǻ֮£ܸ֪ǣˣɵӦˣǿŰɣɵӣɵ۵Ҳῴڱצɵ۵ϣһ·ǲӣɵҲһʱ嶯ɳǣȻӹڡ
Ī˵ɢλߵİԵϢǼһۣڶſ˵
üͷ빫һ仰Ҳ˵׷Ծı죬Ȼɵ۳Լ˻ǲ˵Ϊá
˾һ𣬷׷ҪɵԣֱѰ·˺ܿ˹ʶ
ǰڣµȻΥ棬һУǰ˵㡣µȶлǰɱ֮
˵Ȼڵأֱ
Ĵ󹩷ҲͬʱڵأʾüͷˣҲڵصл֮
ɵ۵ϹȻǿ󰡣һ죬ҹɵ֮Ҳûж˸ˡ
аû뵽ԼԶɻ˫ս
ٽֹȱɵǿƳǶˣ
ȵеƸΪ
Ĵ󹩷æֽ˽ƣ֮³ɳǡ
赣ģǱצɵʵʵ˵ɵۼȻǣܱ֤ǲ̤ɳǰ벽ɵȥһɣΪǻΪѣҲɢɣ
˵󣬵ɽ¶ȥ
üͷ빫Ҳ׷ȥڳĴ󹩷򹧾Ŀ˵ȥ


1717 
λԵһۣһһΣ
Ц
Ĵ󹩷ͬʱͷ˷ܵĽӭۡ
һ·ϣݽ˷֮УٶȼҪ˵ٶȣǶޱȳĸں󷽷Уֻ˲ƲŲ̫Զľ롣
ʱѾɳǵɽ£ʱּɳɽο͡
ɱɳǵĽӴԱ
Ȼ
üͷ빫ȻĶһۣʩչΪ˲ɱǶӴԱ
ηͽȻɱɳ
һȵ
ɱ
³һ֣ѾٳϣѸײڶ֮ɱЩ
߰ɣǸצɵۿҪˡ
ֲԤУǰɶݡ
˸һʱͣסΣǵɾ˵ضԶǰȥ
ǰʮָлǰľ֮ǰȥҵ鷳ҵԸѾȥ
üͷԴǵ˵
ǰǾԲ˵ġɱǰɣ
ɫ˵Ϊ
ߣΪɲɱǣ
ķʵԺͻȻֳһ棬Ǳצɵٶȳɳ˲ơ
˳Ĭȴûжʱȴˣ֪Լ˱צɵ۵飬ԲŹԼԼĿǰΪѰһԱӻԼĵط
ǰˣҲȫûĿģƾֱǵһʮǿ㹻ʵڣԼɸֵıӻȻ޾山צɵۡ
ؼǣ˵ĵ˱ʵѣһ㣬ͷˣʱ¶֮ɫɼˣɲɵۣղðɵ۾գȨ֮ơڣɳǵɵۿҪˣȻŹɣɾǣѵǲþȱն֮𣿡

üͷͬʱгͬ˹ƵģĿɿڴǲš
ǲ˳Ծҵȷɵۣ
͵зԼŵĻ̫ˣڸ߶ʵȴǲԸš
ǰ˵Цˣ¿ɲɵӣǰɵĳУûɵ۵Ϊ¸š
Ц˵ôûôԷơ
ʦǣǰ̽ˣǲϵġ
üͷҲӿڵЦ⣬翴˼
˵
ЦҡҡͷȻ󽫷е˶ݳЩһ֣׷׹
ǿԹˣжԶԶɳǵץɡ
ڰ֣ö˵Щ˿Ҷŭڵл󣬷׷ʧԶ
üͷ㶵֪«ﵽʲôҩ
ʱϤӰڶǰһȵֶλʦְȻʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
һɺЦ㣬ǽһ°ɣǷ˵ɵۣҺΡ
ɻѣλʦֽϸ󣬰׷ʲô飬ҲЩŹ
ʲôˣȻԳɹƭ֣ʦֵֶҲ̫ˣԼһμҲԲȫı
аȻʮֿ϶˵λʦ֣ȷɵۡΪǲ࣬ҲڵˡֻıڣɹƭЩžա
ǰɣʦҲʹ˼ıЩţΪʲôȴƭһŲأ
Ƶ˵
벻ɽ绹ǻ֮ˣʦܣҶŲɣǻǸ߳ҵ̫ࡣ
üͷЦжĪľηΪĶʵ̫ˡ
ôôƵأ
ֺʵ粻бǲġ
ʹ÷ģ
˵䣬Ѿ˿Уһķڷĵͷ
㣬Ҽɳǵıצɵ׷ɱһأȻ׷ᡣɿɷݱһʱأ
Ȼ˵Բ
ԣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ԼȴûȨϾԼĶλʦֻһԡ
ǰɷһʱ䣬ʦһȻ𸴡
Щ˼˵
ţûϲȨǣ
֪¼ãǱһԣĵȴԷ
ԼĪƬ̺󣬰ʹͷĻǰѾˣɣ
һѾ˰ǰֻʹͷģб²⵽˽ԭЩվûԼô򵥡
ԼȫɳǣǣԼǺȴԸԼһ֮أ˲ʲ֮¡
ǰ¹ϵǵһֱ֮£Ǳɳǵ˻ҵλã롣飬»ɣһͬ⣬Ƕӭǰ
˵֪ԼпܻΪ棬Լȴò
ĬţһֱҡͷƺвʣüͷԵĶ࣬ϲޱ飬ֽӻѣл֮ϧҲѶ½⡣
ʦ֣ǵΪʲôҪǴһɣһӦġ
̲ס˵оʦ̫ˡ
죡˴£ô򵥡ˣʦѾˣҪ˵
üͷЩŭ˵
ǰһöõѶϢʯպˣһϢǾͻ֪ͨġ
һ鰵ɫʯЩ˵
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ǽ۵նؿʱܵĸоһҵʹؿڴǱǹɽɡ

ҽ󷨺󷽴Щ޽ɵ˷׷ܵ˾޴֮һɳȥüͷˣҲʮ֮ң
˫һսֵ֣֮£Ҳ޷شʵζźܶࡣ
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Це˵Ҫ߾ȫĻ˫ս
ͷǶʲôʱȻɱƿءҲʾĵСԱɺôǺǣ֮ǰǸϿ԰ɣ


1718 ɷ
¶аȵЦ⣬Ȼ˶ԷİϷǲϵԷĻᡣ
ɫͬʱһǹߣѵҪѰ·𼶱ıƴɲȫǱƴʦַڶ࣬ڲ֮أǱͳȫ㣡
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˲ûоȻƾ跨ȻֻûǰǰһοɲԷᣬϾԼɲǻӡ
ʲô󷨣ҲܶԷô룬ȻȸԷһѵȻѪܵĽѵԷͲ֪˶ô޴Ĵ
ಣ
ͻȻʧ֮УȻüͷȴ¶мЦ⣬Уɿ̽˲ƹ켣ԲΪȻ
Сģ
˲ƹ켣üͷд󾪣û뵽Ȼ󷨺ϮȥҲչ˲ơ

һ޽ڵֻǰӰһʱ˲ʹУָо̲ס
һ˲ĹѾն׼һץǽֱ֮ץУüͷ빫˲ƶʱȴѾ̫ˣΪ˲ٶȸ죬Ȼ˲Ƶһ
ץһŽɫ֮壬¶аȰЦ⣬֮ɫǶԷԼغ
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һ֮ɫĿǰǹаȵЦ⡣

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˲ٶȷǳ֮죬ǶʹĻᶼûУΪҪǣֻ뱣ס㣬Զ˲Ҫġ
ţһɱ
˵֮ʮֵĽţΨְʲôʧ
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ɡ
룬ͣסΣΪԷǶ˽ļһΪƴ㡣
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üͷ̧ͷԸ߸ϵ˵
ɵ֮Ůô鷳Ҹղɱֵһɵۣãҽһ


1719 ʩƶᱦ
аҲΪԷϢеԾвˬȴҲɵ۵飬ԼˣȻǱצɵһ⣬ϾսԼĵˣΪ˶ȡ飬ò
üͷ˵󣬷Ƥûգһ£̿һǶԷԼĻǸǺã
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ĬĬ۲˵۾ûпѵĺۼֻԼôܻϢأǹƭԼأҲпܵġ
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ⲻм˵
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ɷӣԪɵһȵŮô˵ŮɽһʹﵽɵۼΪ쳹ɽ硣ǣһǿߣôаŮأ
𺳣ȴǲɫĹ۲찵㣬ôҲһľɫŮҲֻܱŮȴǲرͻ֣ûɳȥɽ
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صĿɹģܺãǱɱǻʲô

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˵һ䣬кɣڿƣ׼ֶԸڴʱöһĻˡ
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Ĭãüͷڰ಻סȻʵ㾿ô
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һ֮£һ۱£ӿѪö̸ı뷨֪ԷԳƶϡ

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˻شѾնڶһֱֻնϣΪʾģǶضϱںɫѸٵڣ۵ĵͻȻֵȡ
ţ
üͷ˵ƺѾͼǲֹὫŰɱԼ˻ȥɣҲܷɷӵķŭɱ⣬ֻ²ʧȥô򵥵ˡ
ˣӦ㣡
üͷȻ˵
ʦ֣ôԴӦ
򾪺ʵʮֲǼǿķ
ʦܣҪҪ
üͷЦʵ
Ĭһ̾ϢһشԶȻʱȴͬõйһܡ
ˣƣ֪ǵķ˵ģͻȻϮʮǿֻˣƣɡ
öм
˵ķҪҲûʲôôֻҪҶ˲ҲԦҶ˵ķȻҪǾ͸ɽڲûա
üͷԼĵһҲһ¶ʹı顣
ȫҪˡ
Ҳ˵ɽһһСѾնһ飬ϵϡ
һʮǰЩû̫ȤռУֻЩ֮顣
ڶ˵ע£ʼһܿ죬ǹ¶־ɫӶҪɳ
ʦ֣ɷе
ȵоǾ֮ɫ
ͬʶһͬɣ
üͷޱ𺳵˵޿κΡ
츳Ѿǰ̫࣬úɫ£ٶҲﵽļֵ
˾ĶҪЩʲôȴֲңΪͶΨְ㱻ֱɱ
ʱİԵЩ죬ȻͷһԲƺΧһûйϵ
ҲðսеķһͬɣǺɫĻΪǿЧҲֹǿһܿ㽫еһա
ɵ֮ȫǿϣͬʱҪҲ޾һ㣬һЩеȫȴҲܵصķЧ
ʦ֣ȥУǵ취
򵱼˵ʱѾʧȥǿķûƴʵʱȻһǿķΪıԷһ
üͷγˣʦ֮ԣҲɵͷ˵ףð취ȴʮֵѡ
ҵѾˣҲӦ÷˰㣡
üͷ˵
ûش𣬶Ѹײڶ֮ƿʼЩеʶһжǶ˽ǻԵĴ

üͷĲҽֻһǿҵʶɣʶѸ٣κηӦ
ǹγˣеɽ޷ס徹ԭҡз߽ľ
˷еʶȫɺͻȻԼʶǿ˲ֹһȻڴʱʶĽﵽڵʶ
ɿԷ˰㣬ȴûôˡ
˵֮ʱѾչ˲ơ
Ҫ
üͷеԼʶȻͻȻ½Ȼ˳֮иΪ֡
ɫĽüͷ빫ֵò䷺⣬Ѿ֪ʲô顣
֮ƣһ˫񣬾Ȼ˲ɱ˶˵壬ǰķҲĪĹϵԶ˵Ϊ뷨˱ɱ
󣬸ΪֲĺɫѸٵΧĿռ𣬵˵屻ɫɵͬʱ֮Ҳӳɫ֮⡣


1720 Ƿ
Ҫô֣Ҫôɱ·񣬶ǶȴǸ˽Ϊһˣֱʱᵽ츳ֶεĿ¡
˾ͬһΣڷȡ֮ΪֵˣȻ˲ɱΪµǣ˵֮Ҳ޷ӳǿֲĺɫ档
ڻڵˣǲʮİտԿǵ֮壬ڵˣ֮Ǿ޷ӹɫ֣Ľ
˵屻ɱصķҲɵĶУûãǷеʶҲһա
ԣķʽѾ󲿷˴ྶͥڽɽ֮ԷԶԶˣǵ𼶱ԷʧȥԭеȤɽ죬ڰؼϣӵиķ
ϣӵǿɣֻҪһɽ԰ͬ𣬾ڵˣҲеһƴ
ʦ֣ϵˣ
򾪿ֵ˵
ʦܣǱɱ壬֮Ҳ޷ӳȥΪǿĻǾ֮嶼޷Ա
üͷЦлں޲ѣȴΪʱ
ʦ֣ⶼ㣬ΪҪô̰űѣҵȾͲĴˡЦǣ㾹ȻȡķֱһĴ㷸˴ҲͬţɷӵŮҲΪ˽ܵǣ
־ŭһԼ֮ԻʱĲҾʦѲ˸ϵ˽ԼѾƽˡ
ʦܣڽһйͷϣƽ㵱Ϊβֹң˵Ҳһ˼Ҳˣ㲻ܽȫĹҵͷϡ
üͷŭĺ˶֮ڻзҫ۵Ľɫâ
ʦ֣޳֮ˣȻϳϴ̫ʧˡ
ҲߣҲŭ
˾󣬾໥﹥⵹û뵽⣬вɰԺЦ
Ƕ˱ˣ˭ӮˣҲûκεĽ塣ҲĿʵ˵֮뱱צɵ۽Ϊȡ˱צɵƵ顣צɵۣҲһڶʳƾǶڵˣôǱĶ֡ȻüƶȡǵķҲذɣûɡԶҪסⲻǱǵǣǲ֪ôѰ·ʱǲҪָвĻ˿ãΪ𲻳һףǵ֮壬ǵĴۡ
˵˻һٴ𾪣û뵽츳Ȼͬ˵֮塣
ɹ˶߱ǣɹ߾ˣɽ綼ûжˣ˴δ˵ֱͬ˵֮壬ˣŻٴαĻ𺳡
֪ɣҲʧȥ˼۵ȤڵȴĹУ˵֮Ҳںɫ²ѡ
ѵĸҵɷӣ
üͷĵʵ
˵ǴʱвûκЧòɷӣǱ⣬Ǻ޹ϵΪǺܿͽ֮壬Ҳ𣬴˺һУûκεĹϵ
ЦŽ͵ʱʮܵĻش˵⡣
üͷԶԣֳֻܱĬ˼ķʽŷɷǰ
ǰһжʦ̫̰Ĺ㣬ΪҪȡǿԴ͸Ƶķһʱ̰¾ԲǰΪУ˱ҵ³ǰжȻȰʦ֣ʦխִµĻ»ǰ̧֣Źһʦ֣ǰδáǰϷŹ£±֤к󶨻ΪǰɷӵĳޣʱһеĴ󶼻ᱻƵѾȥʦϣҵȶƽ£֪ǰΣ
һһļıϵĳʦ֣Ϊ˻ȡĺøУΪ˼ɽȥ
ԣа޹ȻƣɱüͷȻһͷϣȥʱû˻Ϊ⣬Ҳû˻Ϊ֤Ҳ˵˹飬ԼɵĻɷӵĳޡ
üͷ˴˻֮Աû뵽һԼмӵʦܣڴʱԼȻ뽫ԼԼԲԸܵ顣
ţҪúÿһ
ͷ˵
ǰ㲻Ҫġ¸Ϊ˽ǰļıһ뿪˵أȻٴαǰʱһǰϡǰ룬һͬʦֶѵļһƷܹõȥļһ˾ɱ֮ͽǰͷǣһʱ嶯ǰһ㣬²òϡǣ¾ԲͬȥֺǰǰµƷ
Ȼ˱ɾ飬ҲͲöˡǰǰֽһڹϣʱ򣬶ܵõɷӵΡǰҲ֪ʦ֣µĻɷӸšɷ֪µΪˣǰ˹ļıɷҲȻšǰ뿼һ°ɣ
üͷ鼱˵ȻҲԸ


1721 ۴
׼Ĺҧʱ򣬶˶ֻϧһҲܻ˺õ֮壬ǲɣ˷ѡ
аκһ˵Ļ
ǰͷһƭӣûжǰģǰ£ԸⷢԶЧǰǱţҲϧ
ʹɱﵣϧôʱ֮
üͷа׳գһﾹȻ޴ţʲôǣʱ򣬱Ȼ
ֻüͷҲϹĻɿԣҲԷĻͬҪ
ǰʦܴͲŵ֮ˣ¿Խ¸ǰµġ
üͷϲ˵֮󣬹ֿʼ۲ݣҧҲʮ־ʷ׳ʡ
ûôʱ˺ȥ뵽һö˱죬ȴָ־ķ

һȭɫеİȥǰҽһ屻һȭӣһѺ۰߰ߵ֮ںɫ֮С
̱ˣĿɿڴ֪ʱܹԺҲѻˣΪܷɷӿֲı
һݣһץס˰֮壬Ȼֱ飬֮壬һĻǶ˾еĿ־֮ǰʤ
ӣǷӣ
üͷп־ĪѾ֪ʲôķˡ
ɱ˷ɷӵŮҲǶ
ͬƵģȻЦ
ǰᣬҲǺ°
üͷоˣҲЦЦȴѪһ㣬־ŭĸо˵ľ͸
Ҫᣬǽǲܵ顣
аȵЦ
ɷŮǾԲŹġ츳жôǿ󣬵ɵ۵׷ɱ£Ҳɡ㲻ɱģɱһж޷ˡ
üͷЦ֪һҲ޺ˡ
ʦ˵Ķԣɱ˰ˣɡ
Ҳͬ˵
ಣ
âһǰͻȻڿУȵĶźɫе֮塣
ʲôɱôܻţ
üͷЦȻֹ㶵ĶŰ㣬ôǰʵ
ԭ㷽Ųûɱǣôƭǵģ
򾪺
ҪƭǣǷǳס𷽲ɱû壬Ͳǰı塣Ϊʲôţֻܹ׾˶ѡΪɵӣɱ˷ɷɵ۵ŮߣҪô嶯ˣڻڡǣҲŭɷɵۣʱ밵㴮ͨ˱༸ɣǾҲǰ
ֱʱŽ⿪Ծ֣üͷ빫ͬʱֶŵˣֶ֪ͨΣҲͲˡ
Ŀ
üͷ
ʦãһҪ÷ɷΪҵȱʦˡ
ƴ
ȥȥǵʱˣɿɲĻᡣ
˵֮ڣԺɫƶ˵֮壬ڴʱȴûʱɶ˵֮塣
ɱҶλʦ֣
ŭָȵ
ţǹȪҲһ̡ͱ죬Ȼһҵġ
ԣΪɷɵ۵ԵʣҲɱﻹš
ԣ岻ɪɪٲСҲͱͣȥ̼
ڴʱ̽鱱צɵʱѾɳǣǸΪϢΪûжٰնǱצɵ۵׷ɱ
ಣ
֮Уܿ뿪ɱĵطԼĪһʱһɽŴ䡣
㣬ɷ㵽ʲôϵʵ˵ԣɡ
ԼΪʵ
д󾪣֪Էڴʲô⣬֪ıǶԷĵ֣ȻⰵԲ²⣬ŪʲôĿġ
ʦҲһ̫ѶԸˣʵ̫ˣЩͬţȻûаڡܻ֮ΪɷӵԵʡ
һȻ˵Ҷλʦûƭ㣬ǷɷӵŮǻԡ
ĸǷɷӣ㸸λǰˣԷɷӵΪҪҰ£ôһ֮ɣ
Ű㣬˵
סˣû˻Լ⣬С󣬰㶼ûиףһֱΪֻзɷĸס
ֻ֪ĸǷɷӣڸףҴδ˵ϢҲ֪˭ĸҲδ˵
Ц
Ű㣬Խɣôⰵ㣬ǷɷӵŮΪûɷӣȴҲ˵ɷӵòǰԱȵġ
ЩͬѾȫ֣ΪǱ𣿡
ͻȻתƻ⡣
һ㶣治֪λش⣬Ϊ𰸲ԶԼȻΪͬű
㻹ûãͲҪشҸһʱ䣬һش𱨳ھͻɱ㣬ش𲻱ҲҪô룬Ȼɱ㡣Ҫ֪Ҳκεϣҵĵˣзɷ㣬Ȼֻ·һ


1722 ɵ׷ɱ
˻һѾѡֻ⻹Ҫеĳޡ
ĬȻ֪Բܻش𱨳𣬷Լɣǻش𲻱ЩͬžͰװ
ڰ˼ʱ˵ҾȣǶλʦͻаȡҵķԣʦֵǸӡΪͬţʦҲǿġҪףǹͷʦ̰ͲңôҲɱЩͬšΪǶʦ֣㲢û̫ĹϵǷȣԵΪǵĴȥӴϼӴߣѾˣȴҪȥ֪δҪΪĻ⡭
񣬱Ҳڱ޿ɾҩǡǡĵĵ㷢ֻ治£˵ǹͷʦֵ̰¡
ǰ˵ĺеһΣЩͬȣɱǣ쾭塣Ӧɱң㲻ɱңҲǿϣԴˣҲʮָм㣬Ὣ㵱ɳˡ˵ĶԣǶѾˣһţҪǰ󿴡
˵
аЦδİԣԼӵиȫϴԵʵֻҪվԼһʱ򣬾ǷɷҲԼ鷳
ܺãɷӺ󣬻ôǵأ
Цʵ
һ֪ǰӪҵȵ¼ǵǱɳǵıצɵɱʱΪȥұצɵ۱𡣡
Ϊⷬ˵ǻ
ǵѡʵʵ˵ɣɷӾǷ֮Ȼ᲻ˣڴȥɡ
ҡͷ˵֪ɵǰѣʮֲǵѡԼ˰㣬ַһΣѾɷˣޱײΪЩ̰˱
ȷҳȥҪɷѶϢнʹǴܴ󣬵ʱ֮С
ͷ˵
֮󣬶һ˵ָ½һ󣬵֮󣬶˳һƽĺ֮ϡ
΢ΧһҶۣһŶҵİˣھĴ
˳ֺǰ㵱ЦӰ
ԭǰǰˣ°ݼǰ
˵˿ϵأȻ˵
㣬Ҫ
ǺЦ
ǰ֪λǰǺˣ
˳ʵ
Ǳɵľˣ
ָش
ԣе߾΢΢һȴӲĹ۲죬аֶԷΪλԼ˼
ǰôǰأǵ֪ˣȻġ
˵˵
Ѿ˵ˣǱɵľˣô˵أ㻹ǵ㣬Ҫܱɵˡ
Щˬ˵ϾиǿԺߣؾκˣοһŵ
ڰ޶ԵͬʱȴǰŨȤ֮ˣ֮Щ˶Ƿ֮
ѣ֪ɷ
ЦһҲûΪԷΪ˿Ĳ
ǰƺ³ϲҵ˵࣬ȴһҲûǰʧˡ
Ҳ˵ͷȴһֱţڶ֮С
Ŷز¶˷ľʵˣɲʧȴǲò
ͷ˵жǰԽЩ⡣
ǰˡ
˹˵ȴҲЩ𾪣治һˣȻ֪Լľ
ǰ²·ɷڵںδ
صʵ
ں֮ϣܣȥǷͬ󺣰һ޼ʣ˷ģ¶ɽĺӰ
ɷڵĴӵĵĿУɷڵںδȴǲײµ⡣
ţʾһ£㿴һߵɽߴأ
ָЦ
ɷĪ⣬ֻɽ䣬Ҳ̫ƽˡǱҪţѡںص㡣
һҲ¶ȵı顣
ɷڣĪˮ֮°ɣ
ָˮ˵
ۣⶼˣֱǸˡʲôⶼѲ㣬ţһѵġ
Щ˵
ǰǻ۹ˡ
ǵİҲ̾
ǺǣֻǺҲ²⣬ðˡ
˵꣬ͻȻоһĪĻңԺзһ˵ΣһЦ
ãΣա
ɫ䣬ɽ
ǰô£
ãʵеĵͻȻһ
ǺǣϹˣ
æͣҡҡͷԼǸ߿ˣԭûԼôԶ
ǰ㵽˷ɷڣͷһٸİɣԵİȫûκ˿˺㣬ɵۼĸ֣Ҳ޷ǰ˵ء
ĵ˵пһҲ˭ɱ˴
ɲһİȫ
ŻһߺɫӰ͵ĳ£ӰͶ˽봫֮ˡ


1723 Ⱥ

㾪һû뵽˵֮󣬸˵ɱɷ֮ˣֱѰ·
ú󣬿ֳһΣ˵ӢĴаǹŲмЦ˫۾Ѱһ󣬺ܿͣϡ
У
΢΢۾ĺϢһ㣬ܿҲû뵽Լһ·ϼΪ͵ȴǱצɵѰټ
֮ǰҲצɵ۵Ļ֮壬֪ǰ˱Ǳצɵۣ֪Ϊζ
㵽˭ôҴ뱾ڣ
ʵʮֵĲˬ
ٺ٣ΪֻҪǲ֣ǲ˼޹ġղǸ⣬Ϊƭɣֻ·һ
צɵʮ̵˵Լɵ۵Ҳй¶
ǰȴǸŲˣֻǾϲһ߳ĺɫ㣬Ȼ󽫺ɫӵȡ£ٴˮ֮С
ǰǺˣ
ɻʵпûŹԷΪɱ˷ɷڵŵӡ
ʱĵصڷɷ֮ܲϣ˿ŶԷԼγκвΪеĸֽˮ֮£ǿɹ۲쵽ˮ֮ϵڹؼʱ̾Լ
Сѣɲʶ
ɵ˵˼ŷɷӺڣڴˣǱצɵҲôʱܼŭɷڵĳޣȻԼʮ
Ŵԣצɵ۲㱻ѪΪɵۣҲһ˿ɱȣˣֻǵȻһЦСӣѾϤϢ㻯ɻңҲ޷ѱɵ׷ɱΪһģɱѰˣ㻹ǹԹͶɵĶɻŹ㡣
㣬ĵ̣ҪЮɣѵԹôʵ㣬ɳǵɱ֣һ·׷ٵˣɱɵӣǲĳˣ
Զ֮䣬ðдŭû뵽ɳǵ˴ΪȻ׷ɷơ
дɱˣڴƣֻ·һͶҲŹ㡣
ѧŶԷ˵ֱʱҲ֪ԷʵݣҲȥһɵۡ
аңҿǷɷڵĵ̣ҪԼһǱצɵۣǾһ֮֡
צɵٺõĺȴҲ޿֮ʱһΪڴ޽ڵŮӺȣֱǱĳ衣
СѾͷǱ飬޹ϵȻҪ֣Ǳɾͽץȥ¯ǡ
צɵ۶Ű¶Ц⣬ðԽŭŭˣںķӡ
ಣ
ӰӺ֮³˾Ǻ£󣬵񣺡²μǰǰҪµǸһ𣿡
˵ĳƺУ֪˵ΪȰ㻹Ҫ̽飬޽ɵΪҲûдﵽȻҽӰ
Ҳ֪ǱצɵΪΣֻǰԲ²ⲻôԼûаգ£ͷССܣһ֡һȥ
צɵ񺮹Ȼ̽鷢˵Ϊ󣬵ֺֺЦԷȻ˵ͼΪԸԼһɵۣһʮְ׳յ顣
ãȻЩѰ·Ǿ٣ɱ٣η屾ɵ۵ĺպ
צɵʱ͸¶ʵݣ׼Ϸ֮Ʒ㵽ףδߣԼҲ赣ġ
ܣ͢ڴˣͶɱ⣡
һϺУڵĺȵ
͵͵ƳһǴİˣȴɶиǼԼжϣһǸʵˣп𼶱ǿߡ
ðɣȻɷڵĸֶܣҲܣĲҵˡҲֻǱצɵۼƣɷӲŻӭаɣֻҪ䣬Ϳƴ
аˬϢŰˣǱצɵ۱˺Զľ롣
ܿҪˣΪ˲Ƶǿڡ
צɵ۲δκηɽֻЦе˵
Ҫѿ֮ܣԱһ
ЦŹɽΪӴĽӿԷ
С
צɵЦŵһָָ佣ѸٵӭԷĽ赭дһȴǵס˶ԷĽ
˱ʮɣаԾû뵽ԷΪԶʤڼôƾһָԼأ
ɱ
˹ٴηһβκεıʹȫʵ

צɵзɱ⣬ȻһָԷ
ʦСģ
˾ѵ

ֻһĽϮԼĲ䣬оĪûüӦͻȻһը촫
¡
˵ͻȻ˱ըִ֮ٵӳȴûԶ̱һǿȥ
צɵв֪ʱһ澵ӣ澵ӵĹâҫǽɫ֮壬һ˲䣬֮˱צɵ۵ľС
û뵽ıצɵôаԼûֻ֣Ѱ·
˷ߺ޲ѣĿʦ֮ܵ屻Էߣ׼ȥ֮ʱȴֹˡ
ֻ̽ԷΪеڵѰ·ʱҲСƶԷЦΪĪ𼶱ˣӵΪҲֻ·һ
͵ЦԽⰵǻʵ̫ƽˣǻһˣͲ³Ǳצɵ۵ʵ쳣ǿˡ
𾪵ǰˣʱȻڵ㣬ƺе޹ϵľʵǿĪ
û´ļһһΪǿɵۣһԴİ׳ա
ƳǰһۣзԽƽȻǷɷڵĵ̣Ǳצɵ۾ͽԼ޿κΡ
ѵצɵ۲֪˵ǷɷڣôҶǰʱɱ˷ɷڵĵӣɷưոݡ
뵽ܣ¶˵Ц⡣
˵ĿΪǲ͹ԹԵĽ򣬱Ҳһš
צɵаЦֻҪԼ֮ͲߣҲǱצɵԸɵԭڡ
㣬šԸҲ㣬ɡ
̾Ϣоǲ֮⡣
ǰĳˣɳˣһѾɱɶӣǽ²ݵޡԣ㲻Ϊ㣬ҲԲŹ
˵еΪѡԸжΪˣҲΪǰ֮¸еΪ
˵˷ǰͻȻҡҡͷаѵ֪˱Ǳצɵۣ֪Լð㣿
ֻ֪֪ð㣬ҪȥǱצɵֻۣ·һ
аȻЦеĶǱצɵۣԴŭ
ȻצɵۼʱϵЦ⣬еĺһ뵽жԼ飬Լһʧ˶ö飬ðԼ£ԼƷܻЩ̡
ССţǲСȻҪѰǱɾͳȫǡ
צɵŭˣһȻʧڿС
Сģ
˲Ű˷֮Уɵ˲Ƶ£ǲֻľٶвأɡ
Ƕȴûˣ˻ûü˺󣬾Ѿܵһĺ⴫
צɵ۲δʩչ˲ƣһμ޵ķУٶȿ쵽˸̽鲻ˣȥͬ˲һ㡣
һȭ֮Ƕ˵屻ƬɷĴ֮£˵֮ҲԷһȭ䱬ˡ
˵֮ͬʱըˣǺˮֱ֮ߣǰ˵Сۣ˻ա
СӣⷨɽҪˡ
צɵ۶ŷЦǿԶ飬ټĻԼ׬ˣˣצɵ۲Ż˵˷ܡ
㣬ôɷں֮أֱӶˮ֮𣿡
Ѹٵ˵
ԶԶûô򵥣ǿþɵҲ޷ɴ룬֮ǰΪҪֱӽɷڣʵǲܡ
ҡͷش
ֻһˣ򣬱ץǶ
ЦԦˮ·
лЩΪβԷս֪ʵ쳣ǿôͻ˺¶Էأ
ĪǶԷɵۼĸ֣
ֱ֪ʱŲ³ԷɵۣǰĶԻʱҲѲ³ԷǱצɵۡ
צɵĿӷˮ·ȴ˿ţ׼ˮ֮Уʱ˳ССš
ǰˣͬʧԶˣצɵ۸û˿ȤΪ̽ʱΪɳڶδﵽצɵΪɱˣֱԼ֡
׺ں׹Ȼнƣֻȴ簵˵ǰǿٿطȫʱȻֱӴ͸˺׵Ľƣ⵹δ뵽ġ
͸ƺ֮¾Ȼһ磬дɽƽԭݵأɽȣ˴νһӦȫ
͸ĽƺȸܵǸ߿գƲ㣬Ȼžֱһɽ£Χľɫʤգδ˽һ㡣
ĵ̽ΧﾹȻûκεϢȻȴһصĸо˵ػԾŸɫĶоȻޣǰɽ˵вٴﵽ֮ΪޣЩһӦÿԳ֮Ϊˡ
㣬Ҵ͸˽ƣֵһĵط֪𣿡
ʵ
ʲôɷڵĺĵô˴ڵĺۼأǾԲܵ顣
㵱ϵۿԲ˵
ԺԤǱצɵۣҲ͸˽ƣȴǵһȫͬɽȵشжʱһôϾǱצɵû׷Ҫġ
ಣ
ڿУֻǺһڿʮֲӦоȻŴ֮֮֮𲢲Ǻܴ󣬿Ϊһɽ糤ˣȴǲôӦΧ֮
Ȼ츳ȴǼΪӦ˵ص֮ԣɣħ磬Ӧеڷ֮ǰѾԲˬ
е֮ʮֳ㣬˵زڱצɵصĴɽ˵˱أʵ츳


1724 幬
Ȼȴס֮ĵطΪ޷ӣĶ΢½Ҳǰ˵صԭڡ
˵ؾͬһ˼磬磬ĵ򣬲дĶҲߣˣطһʮĵ
˼ĵطƴžһҲҪðٶȻʮٱϡ
а֪˵пᣬǰȻֻЩԼ߶Ѿߵȵ
˽˲Ƭ̣ͻȻȥһͷɫĸߴǣǷɱ׹ƺʮֲˬͻĶˡ
˭ôͻȻ뼲ĵ򣿡
ſѪ죬ʵҫĹâ
𣿡
вɰԳԾû뵽ҲΪﵽĸ֣ɽӦҲˡ
ǲ壬ֻҪۣǲԼڴ˴ң磬ȻȻĴڣҲ²۴ڵĿԷǳ֮
㾪Ŀɿڴͷǣֱ֪˵ʲôźãϾСɽ磬δߣɽǾܾߴڵģһ֣ɱۣˣŻ˵𾪣ڴһƬհס
вɸ̾δɽҲȺ֮أ⵽һβ⣬˹Ƶأ
ǸĪİˣ˵ò˵ķɷӣ˽ɵĶ󣬷ԼʩչܽӦǷɷڵĺĵشôܻȺ硣
ٻش𣬷򣬱ɾͲˡ
ٴκʵԽ䡣
ǰطÿ¡
Щŵ˵ƺû׶ǣǽвֻ֣ëȻΨͷǷ
Ե޹Ѫ֮ˣͷǲδһʼչеУǣϤĻɸС
ǣΪ̫ˣԣӦöҵȿһ㣬ҵɱͬɱһֻϡ
΢Ц˵һҲηǡ
ǲޱ֪ԷûǿΪҲҴ˵أǱеıϢҡһ䣬ΪһοݵˣһףȥƷǷ
λǰѵ֪˵ǼĵΧߣְڣԲŻѯʶλǰλǰҪ¼ƽϡ
ǹĹеѪҲصӰ١
ǺǣһӵǷŵĺҶͨ˵أ֪˼ĵԵ㲻˵صҶ˽һģֻҪҶ˳ģάһ
˵ǻ۵Ĺâ
һ㶣û뵽ԳƱѵð𣿿αװأǺܿΪԷ֡
ԣжʱһ˵ķЩڴҲǱЦ֪ǰʲôɷȼʶһ򣬱ǰ֮ԡ
ͷаâһһķУǵ˼õķһֱںУʱÿó
ǰķȻͬ졣
ǿаסеļƽ˵ȴ˷ܲѣȻûϵάķ
ȻƵϣǾ͸㡣
һ֣Ƿǰ
ǼĽӹһ֣֪̽е㣬𾪲ѣⷨδ֮ʮʺԼ
¶лǰʶֻǣǰδ֮ǰ²ǰǰķ
ǲᣬȴǽǷ
ܺã֪סʲôطв㣬ش𣬻иõķ㡣
˻һҸ͵һлȻ󼤶ǰǰ
ȥûãһͰĹľУʩչܿ¶һɷΧĶѨڡ
λǰµļªסλ룡
ǹ˵
˶̸ϵǣԾ붴Ѩ֮УϽϡ
Ծ֮̽ϷĶڸǣȻŽ붴ѨⶴѨ֮У˿ĹߣǶ߶ԣһҲҪ
¶ѨһС͵Ĺһ㣬ªĹ֮Ув׷׹
ǽһĴ֮УЦ׼ƲˣûãŮȻЦλǰµСС⣬Ƕλǰ̺򡣡
ˣû뵽Щ֮УȻҲŮǶŮӣһׯò΢Цһ纮˪ǧ֮Ůӡ
ǶӣһһᣬҲǶ͵ļ´ˣ֪Է˲ٹ
ţŮȻò绨ñ۽硣
ǺЦǶŮѸٵĿ˹ȻĶࡣ
㶵ĶŶ忡Уϲһ죬û뵽ԷԼ϶λУʵ̫ˡ
ǰôأ
˵
Ǻǣ⣬ԽܣҲԲܣ㡣


1725 緶
Ц˵жЩŮӵûʲô̫뷨Ƕ˿ԼƣҲǲ¡
Ȼ⣬Ҿͽܡ
ЦҲǶ忡зҡ
Ц绨ӵұŮȻ˵λǰݹ٣ңؾλһ
ɱ
˵ҲƱ
һƹѲǵҲûǰǰнˣҲûа˿ļӣߺȱһЩ˵ص⡣
ŮȴƿԣʵûʲôŮӷʲôϵƣȴûʲô⡣
ΪǶŮ¶Σȴ޿κΣֻܰؼΪƣǣǰԼŵÿȻӵұǶλ忡лС
ʱѾõ˴󲿷ҪѶϢȻѶϢȫҲ㹻һжˡ
ͳпϲлֻҪʲôҪ󣬶Ϊ֮
ȥǼ³֮󣬱ǿ
Ц˵
ԣ֮˷׷ͲһȻؽĪĴ̼
ھ㵹¶Ц֮ɫ̾һ֮˵ǰҪʵѴΪԪӤڣʮңԶôܻ˵еˣ𼲷𡣲²Ը⣬ʵ¸ûʸǰȥǼ𣬳·֮󣬷һ˿˿ܡ
ͷֻ֪ԪӤΪֻ˳ۣԲ׼һȥ𣬻Īĺô
һͨߣлеĶһλ棬ôͨûкôأԣĿΪǺá
ס˵أͬΪһ磬ôҪ
ɻʵ
ǰҪΪˣǱؾḶ́ߵΪﵽ˸ͷŽףʱ߷ΪʽˣҲʽĸñߵݣΪп׷ˡ
ǽ͵ҲЩȻʲô֪֪ôȥأ
ǰ֪ǰΪǿ󣬿ǣδǰûлģǰһĻᶼûСļˣҲᱻɱǰͶԵԣϣǰܺĻţҪȻǰէȵס¶̺ǰǰ֮ȥ취Ǽɣ
ǳ˵Ȼ֪ΪȴѰ·
㲻Цǣ㷸һĴ֪ڴﵽʲôΪ𣿡
ǰ˵ϴ
аѾ׼ĳϢˡ
ǰûͬ⣬¿ɲ˵أ
ЦЦЦĹ龫֣ҲɵͷԼΪҲ±ֻ֪ƻŵϾ˵Ϊ̫ˣȫǲͬεˡ
лΪڹ⿪ЦǱ΢ЦĵȴĻǰȴǳٳٲ˵Ƿʵǲһ¡
ҡҡͷҲܰôȥڣֻҪڣ֮ǰΪֻǸˣɺȱһΪɷӵԵʣҲѾˡ
Ǹ˶ϾԼˣвɱȴԼͬеģݾˡ
ŷɷԪɵã֪һˣԲֹ˶λɵۣΪ»ɵۼֵĴڣԣɱòʧ޿̣ǾԲô嶯ġ
ת飬²ĪǰǳڵΪ
Ϊ̫ǿҲɱԼôԼյԻأˣΪΪ̫ǿ
ԣһ㶼ԡ̫Сǰˣ£
ҡͷЦ绨
һ˲䣬ҲҲ¶˵Ц⣬ڴʱⰵɵȴҲʱɵĿɰʱͯĴ󷢣˽ʾ֭˼
²²ǰǷڵĸ֡
ߵһŮ˵з¶ݵĿ⡣
ҡҡͷʾǣǻҸ󵨵Ĳ𣿡
󵨣
۾׷һǸ󵨵Ĳ£ζӵзڵΪΪҲΪǿˣԳ֮ΪֵĴڡ
ϾΪǿǣҲԪӤαЩ壬ΪǸͣ幬вζ޷޳ɵߡ
мĪԼĸۡǿĿˣ˵ȥԼҲйⰡǰ㻹ҡͷ͵һĪѾﵽ֮Ϊˣ
²²ǰﵽ˶ɽΪ
ߵĿС˵
ô򵥣Ҫ¸
͵Ǹһ̵ͷ죬ʮСģ
ȵⰵʱȻ˷ŵĿƺǳϲߵĶӣǲںϵĽӴȻҲֹڴˣϾⰵŮģܵнһж
ȻҲںὫǶôϾ˫ΪԣǶֻϣƾɱǣҲʮֵ


1726 飬ֹ
˲һ֣ȴû˲УðϵıʮָӣûļһôãҲǲµΪѵǰΪô𣿡
ǵŵԲԲģӰĻУѾԿ϶Դﵽ˷֮Ϊڷ֮Ϊ׶ΣҲİϾطͬ˼磬ǶߵĻ塣
ҾݵĲ²⡣
ĬĵȼȻһĲµǰĪǴﵽ֮

˷׷Ĭһɴ۾ǿڡ
һͲܸгϢССɣŶЬ䡣
˵©죬ϰԵ˵ɣȻһССǲ̫עġ
Ī
ǼҪˣֻǰĪ⣬˵ΪֱҪԼ֪ˡ
أȺĺİɶǰڣɱһȺ
ƺŭˣЩջĽԱߵĶƿϵıʮֲá
ǰˣСƢʵ䲻ǰ
аȴǸΨֵ˰㡣
㣬ǿһ㣬ѾûǿıΪһƬİĵطû˱ͬһֻϡǱˣ⽫ֻϲ˵ǣڱһģﱾǵĳգɷף
˵¶λߵǿơ
޲ľսһæŵҲҼҲ֪ԼղˣֻܵͷӦŵ
ðɣҲҪ̫ˣҲɱ˵ġ
Ц˵ı˲תΪŨŨЦ⣬Ц׺ʮ㣬˸оӢ֮Ҳ̸ϡ
аԶǰ㲻òóϷԼҲˣû˵Υκ˼
λҲͲˡǰ𼶱ĸ֣ǵĲ²ⶼ̫Զˡ
ЩȻһϢϵıҲЩ粻ƺΪղŵǷˬ
ŲںĸܣֻҪˣǾҪôô򣬷򣬴߳Լǵ鷳
һ壬ȫʯһ㣬Ŀɿڴ֮ȷӦأԱҲͬʱڵء
֪ǰ𣬻ǰˡµˡ
һӴδϵˣǸͷһˣȻǼȿ֣ȴҲԴ޿־壬Ϊĸ֣ɱȻһ漣
漣ǰмڿ־壬ΪǰĹ۲죬ǰ޼ӣܽªסһͬƣһͬĻΪѵǰ㣬ЩԸɱˡ
λÿǱֵηη𷴵ϲǰɣ͸λǲõΪ𣬾͵ǰ²Ϊɣ
û˿ߵı飬Цʮֳ¿ңԼûЩ˵ûиϡ
ǲҼ˸͸λǰλϣвһܣﻹ˸Һ˵
ǶŮн¶ݵĿ⣬ׯŮӸʱСĵˣ˸
ðϳȥնˣ
Ҳ¶֮⣬˭Ҫ˴ˣдҪģһССϸûãҲͻ֣֮Ҫġ
ɫû˵ʱһЦŮӣƺһҲ
жҪѺŮʱŮȴûаĵĻֻǵͷǸ˵µǰǰҪǨŭ壬½Ŀ
ȥն
ǲòȵȴǲϣɱģ˭ҪʧأԷǵˣ롣
˭޴֮Ǹ˾ͿˡɲϣôƯŮɥȪѵλϧ֮ô
΢Ц˵һ֣Ƕ̷ſŮӡ
øϧǰɱңʱôϧأ
Щ˵֪ɱգۣʱȴ˵ϧʵЩЦ
ȻĲмʳɷֵģôҲ˵ʲôŮ򹧾ĵлû뵽ǰ˴ȣе𾪲ѡ
ǰ˴֮ģ²òһݣ
ĸԸĹЩҲȫڵأʵ⡣
ĬĬһĻпЦȻǹģΪΪ˾ŲɱŮӵġ
ô룬ԼµķʽΣ˽Ըܵһ͵͵˲ݷ˵
ǣɲϲȵڣ⣬ˣҪˡҲô£ֻҪŬһԴﵽΪһָоУ˻Ϊ𼶱ˡ
ЦŹҲ֪ΪǵͶԵǱһЩȸǷİ
޾ģʦӣԼҲһȡĳɾͣ޳ΪǱȽϳɹˣڸոսӴԼ뵽δ㡣ֻĿɲ𼶱޾ĿҲûоͷģһ׷ԶĿ꣬Դ̬ȡ
΢ЦĹ֣ҲҶ˵ʲôˣ޲мȻǰԤˣԼôܲŬأû׼һԼ
ǰĶˣ´û˳ݹһˣǰΨһ֮ˡ
ǶׯŮˮͷ˵
ٸһƣһβڷˡ
ȻЦ
Ů΢΢һصİƣ̫ˣȻоˮ䱭⣬ŮӲɿ޳û뵽ԼûãȻ򵥵鶼á
Ůˣ˿ɾͲƯˣ֪̫ˣûϵ飬ûôµģЦһЦ
죬ŮӶЦ
ĿһĻͻȻоǳĲˬĲΪλһ˶̸ϵŮã̫ƽˡ
ŮӵС֣ȻȵһƣЦǸһ
ŮϾۣеľϲԶκĸ飬ȡȻһ
ŮӣҪ޻ÿ
Ц˵
ǰ
ǶׯŮ޵ͬһͯһ㣬ĻУһĻ޲жǱͷȥ뿴ɿһĻ
ˣˣ
ĻסŮӵֻ֫Ů֫ϸȻȴ£ǰһȣҪǿġ
ʱû뵽Ǹɽ˵ŮӾҲ޳ˣͬĳԼ˹
ûж㿪ǽסƾڼͷŷҷζлжŮӱࡣ
ڳ˷׷׹ͷȥΣЩ޿̣˵ߣλУ㱾ȥߡ
˶ԣҲǰûпڣҲʱʮֵĲ㣬Ҳȥˡ
˵Ĳɺ󣬶ŮȻвԸȥ⵹ʮֵܲǿ˰ɣ
ǰĳǰǰ뽫õĶ͸ǰϣǰܹܡǰܣԸڱȥ
ׯŮ˵ⷬǱɽҲͷ˼һģǰȫ
ʲôĸԸͶͱһĻˣвɸпĶ࣬ԶԣԼһصˡ
򣬲˵𣬾ǰǣΪԪӤڣŮȻֻ²ٰɣЩɽأԲֻйŮҲɣ
һ룬Ҳ΢ƽһ㣬ϾԼڵһʱ䣬ˣ˾Բһ
Ů˲ڶ࣬ھЩŮˣһһ򸴺󣡡
а˫ֲɽŮˣͻȻоһֻԼصķ֮
ǰµ˻Ҫ£ȸˡǶһҪ̺ǰʲôҪ󣬾˵ΥǶ˵˼
ʱˣҲЦˡ
ټĴֻʣˣǶŮӵɫ糺죬ʱȥԽŮׯŮӴʱҲٶׯ˷ŮˣһɽŮҲֵĻȷǷŮʹǵֻͣǶݵһϡ
齥ʧصķȥ˫Ѿ˼صĵطɲ֪Ϊʲôȴûֳ嶯ĸо
ʦ뻯Բ֪Ӱ٣˼˹ǵĸأ
аΪһϸϵĺˣҲԸһͷβ޳֮ˣǣһ˫֮еĹâԽ峺
ǽʲô֣
Ѿ֪ôˣǷʵ
ǰ½А֐֣塣
ׯŮӻشĸ첲ϣ˫ǲʱײֱۣһŮӣͬˮ߰ĽסŮʹ˻
ǽԺɣΪһ֧ɣ
һת
ŮͬʱӦŵȻһ˳ɣһ裬ǶׯŮ˳ɽŻ衣
ʱͷŶ˵ıݣԽ峺ŶŮıݣҲûǰǰ
ܺãܹ͵ǵľտݣʵҵҡҲ侲һ£ΪԵʣǲմŮˡҿ죬ҲԸǽ£̾뿪ġ
аЦµĻѻֱ޷죬ǶŮҲ޴ӷ
ŮôһۣͬʱͷҲɵӣȻǰӦЩͬ죬Ҳĺˡ
𼶱Ĵ˵żһ𣬵пϲˣҲͽԼƽȤ£֪УһϱĽйȥˡ
δ֪㣬Ҳ֪˵ĳָǺ֪ģöϾͶϣǹϸǣŮӲ涣ȥ󣬿޵ĸ
һָ飬Ҳǰ飬һָȻʮǶŮеĸУŮһϺľвٽҲľһַʽ
ٴμʱɫЩǷϣϸһȴǷְƺĳַҷϢ
ǰҴˣҲú˫޵ģĲ뺦ǡ
ڿ޳Ҫ˵ĻС
һʱ㿪˰ͻϮԽٴ˹ȥΣֱ롣


1727 СС
ʲôú˵𼤶
Ѿ֪ʲô£Ȼǲ²ѡ
ǰ𣬴Ҳ֪һǽԸģˣҲֻܹ޸ܣ밵ǰҪˣ
ǿЦȰǶĿӣϽˣû޳ԪӤĶ˶ԣѣҲ൱ˡ
㣬һϣǶˣȴţ㲻ÿɳ𣿡
˵ȴٰܽԺãԼǶŮʲôҲŻСĿö
涣ϻĺɫĻֹͣ˿ڷº󣬰н˸жѣֻǼŹ޳ģѰİοȴֱƿðаŭ
ͶΪͼѾˣѵҪˣҲù
㱻ŭˣ粵
ɶŰ۾л治֪ŮǸʲôˣǵɳʱƺԶ󱧸ΪɳǵЩ˱ߣ֮ȴԽԽİ֪ĿˣԸڷž޴ı䡣
ˣܱǵĸ߹ҲˣȥվȥˣܺһϦ֮ҲֵˡϾŮȹҲ
˵ôԼҲɱ㣬ǾͻǺһ¹ϵ
ԣ㾹ΪЦζû뵽ڴʱ佱ԼƯðǰԹɢ
ҲСЦţ˵ǰԣʵ΢ġ
ʱǶŮͻȻǰǺɵˣû뵽ΪǿȻ
һŵ˶ŮϵĳֶеϢвɰѵû
²μǰ
Ůʩ
ãҲ׼뿪˵ˣÿǸ𡣡
΢Ц˵
Ůз죬Ȼǲȥȴ֪޷ıʵҲֻȻ
ǣԸҶһͬȥ𣿡
ƽʵ
ǰԸ⣬ҲԸǰȥ𡣡
ǱϹϾĻشмĪ
ܺã鰲ź𣿡
ʵ
ǰһжźˣʱ̡
ǹش
ðɣھͳλڡ
΢ЦŹ֣ǶŮͷȻһͬȥ
뿪嶴Ѩǰ·֮ͨߵĵ̣ǳԽͣһ·ϵû߷ìܡ
ΪǵԵʣнٶȲ죬ҲżûҲ˷ʱ䡣
Ѿһʱ䣬ڴ£ʶѾǰڣΪҲѾԶˡ
һںʹǶԣǿԴﵽɵ֮Լֺξ山צɵ۵׷ɱ
һ·ߵĵ̣ûɽǵӱ㲻ˣΪԽϣЩߵΪԽǿЩǿͨԼĵ̡
ߵУҲǱȽϵͼģˣֻܾסڵ¶Ѩ֮УһƬߣɵ˸ֵĵȻʲôǡ
ûˣǾԲɽ֮ߵģΪһСľͻᱻɱ
˾һطʱǧۼһƽĵطЩƺھʲôʽ׼ͨʱ⵽Щߵĺֹ
ηʿҴɽţٱ
һĺȵ
¶ֿ΢Цֵλѣλǰǰ·˵أó·
ȫĵԵЩľȻԭأǰ߰ͷ۶Щߡ
ôΪβֱӷɽ˻ķʽƽɽ֣Ȼţðǲˬ
ߣԪӤڵΪҲҴɣ̹ɽȥɱ⡣
Ǹĺȵ
һȴƺĿһ·Ͼû˵˰㣬˵ҡҡͷȻǰһнˣɣ֡
λѣΪֻԪӤڣɱߵĶλΪǿĸ֣Եסĵǧܵǵĵ磬ҵͨɣ
ǼƵ˵Ǹ߸ǲмһˣЦˣɱǡ
ʮͬʱ˹ٶȽΧסЩУ󲿷ֽԪӤΪϵߣۼһԵƾˡ
үλڵǰǵɡ
ǰȵȻԷɫԼҲûҪ
ǵһһȺǰ˲еĸоȴ쳣ڴˣֵõԼ˵
ʲôһĪ߻ħˣ˵Щ磬˵ӰӶ𣡡
߳ǵĻ۾ôҲǶôǿĸ֡
ҿд˵е֡
˿Ц
һᣬǧ˵ע⣬Щڴ˵س֡


1728 Ű
ɷУȡٶԽԽ죬һ·ɽȥΧ׷ױ롣
ּŭȴǲ֪õǺãʱһѾЦŷ˹

һϸָĶſһ㣬ʱס߷Ľ
ˣ㷢Ľڵֵ֮γǿҵĴ͸ֱߵ塣

߲ҽһϵս׾ֽͬźɵģڶԷһָңս£սױؿγһѪ
һָ֮Ȼ͸һԪӤߵţһʵ̫ǿ˲㽫סˣҲȻѣȻаɱԪӤڵˣȴҲ˿ŵĳ̶ȡ
γϣʲô飿
һϵʵĴӿж
˴ɽţһڵӡ
ߵ
ûãֻǿӲЩ˲Żó·ǴʱҲˣжλǰǿ֧֣ǰҲ¡
˭ҶҵӣڴˣȵΪ
Ȼ˵ɢǿơ
ԶǱϳǺˣǿǵ¶ѨжĴ˵˵Ϊɲ⡣
ǰҵֻͨ˵أ¡ȶֹ£ߵλǰŻַ
ǽ͵
ֻһۣ翴ȫϸĿ⿪ʼתˣͣڰϡ
֪ǰ£ӿ治С˭˱ŵӵģѵҳ𣿡
ĺȵ֪ʣѾ˰㡣
ССϣЦЦٲ·ͽ⼸ǧһˡ㲻͹һȥ
Ȼɱ⡣
һӣͷһôŵĹȷû߻ħ
̽鲻ΪȴԸӵϢķΪǴɽ¶ǸֵĿԲ
ɽͬһͽֲײ߲ͨ㣬ȻԽϣԽǿߵΪҲԽߣԣſԴܰ㡣
ǰ˵Ҹòɱأ
Цʵ
ΪشʱͻȻ˫âӿ֣ǵĿǰһС
һֱⲢ֪Χʲô飬෴Χϸ΢Ҳ޷ĸ֪
αأ˼ôҲһ֮뷨ңҲһ㣬ԭɣ
ȣһڱ˵Ŀ⡣
Ǹֻ̽һҪΪУҲԸϵǶԷʵǿԼպÿԴԲǶԷʵǿȻǼ֤ϡ
Ű֮ԣбǲһ֮ԣжʱСƶԷϾиֵķ緶Ҳֻǿ߲ŻеҪȻǷӡ
λûΪǵ˼ֻǣ˵ҵصأҪͨԵ޷еǽ
˵̬ͻȻ䷢˼ĸı䣬ðҲɰԾȣΪԼ˵Էȴʮֲмأ
ðɣԼѡһҵͨǱڣѡһϤ㣡
̬˵ɢصϢŵĻöŵӶˣһ㶵Ķ
аƣһȴЩɶԷĻԷģԼͶĲ
ڵó·ͨκ˲ţ򣬸ɱۡ
ڵ޲꣬һô벻᲻սˡ
л
һ֣Ŷ˵ͿշӣѸٵʧ˵ǰ
ŵĵͣһ󣬾ٶͨЩһ
˵صҶ֪Ĳ࣬Ҳֻʵǿˣ֪ܣ˷ȥĿŪƬĵ򵽵ôɽֻһؽƣ˳ѰݳƬķ
ǰôͣˣ
㲻ʵ
ͣΪ˸ǰУɣҴٶǰУѾ۲һûнƿ赲ҵķС
Ц˵
Ҳ֪ķʮǿķҪܰȫȻͷͬ⣬һĵͷɵЦ
Ĵˣ˲㽫˲ƽ˷죬Ȼ󽫷ϢʼͻƿеĽƣɽֱɶȥ
ԼĪڵִ˴ɽۣ֮ļٶȣҪ죬֤ɽǶôӴ
ɽ֮ϣƲ㻷ƣ˶ݳ󣬲ʮϢ߷˵ټ
ʹʶ̽飬ΧûʵǿĴڣǣﲢû˵ټǿҲ֮ǰߡ
ǣ㲻˵Ǽסɽۣǣﲢû˵Ĵڣôأ
ʵ
εĿЦǰشĻǴţϾԼΪͼִδɽۣ޷ȷǷڴ˵ء
ǰµĴΪ̫ˣ֪ʵޣֻ֪ɽ֮£ҵе𡣡
ǻشվɽֻۣԼû˾ʹſгԣ֮һлξ


1729 
޷Եʹʶһ¸ֵķ緶
ȻЦܿ˼ٵķ˹
ηʿȻҴҵȽأ
һɱڵĺʵ
Ѿ˷ɽʱ׼صնɱ
ǽû˵Ϊڴˣֻ֪ҪֳĬͿˡ
Ҫѯʡ
ɫ˵
ƾɵСӣûʸҵΪھҪɱ㡣
Ц¶һ
󵨣ƾҲɱǰѰ·
ǷŭĺҲܶԷΪΣֻ֪Ҫά
һ̽ǵΪ֮̽󣬲ͷЦΪʲôִ˽أ˭ֻǼѡǸС椣Ҫˣɱ׳գҪ¯
ٺ٣磬ҲҪС椣øֵܲ
һ˶ŰЦ
ԣһС椣ЩȲˡ
֮ǰߵЦУ˲һ̲ˣʱ
ҡҡͷĵϲѰ·ԼɱЩΪͼߣȴǡ
ȥ֪ͨǰǸҲҿԿǷŹȳԲѷǱɡ
΢Ц˵ϲ˿ɱ⣬Цȴð㿴һھͬŲɱ¾󣬰Ҳһֿ־һ
ΪߣΪѾжż翵ļеĵλ
ģȥɣ
֮ǰԸ壬ɽ
ǰСġ
鲻Խ˵˵֮󣬲ŷԼˣΪôηԷķɽأ
㷸˱ļɻ䣬ɣ
ϸ˵ƾ˵Ľϣͬһ㣬Ƥûգһ¡
ô徹ȻԵֵɽ
а壬ȴһߴɵ׶ޡ
Ҳͬʱ壬׼ΧȻЩкùӳԡ
˫֣΢Цһˣ˫ͻȻֳʵʰĽһȴһĲҽд
͸ߴֻ˫ͬʱʹȻͬʱѪֹˣǵĽƺѾԼڣԼΪ֮иԼ塣
ɵˣĿͬҺ˫ֽͳͬһѣצӾȻʼ͹ȥһʱ䣬ȫѪֱ

޲ȵôغ¡죬˫צѾֺƤë˺ѵĲĿˣѾȫȻûǰͰӴȻ£ȻڵϷţ״˿ľ
ǵǰ³
ǼĺӣɽϿ
ʲôƽ⽣ȻǸһڱ֮ãҲ̫ˡһҲ޷ֵɣ
Щ𾪵ţʵԽֲˣֱز¶
ǰС֪ˣǰ
ڵأ޴˫צϵĴ棬ʧǵġ
ȿɾɻĲûκôʳζɣ
ϵЦŨˣһתͷˡ
Ƕ𾪣ŭ־壬鲻һ㣬ʱܣͬʱԭأһ¶֮̿ɫ
ǰ
ڵأһɫ̣Ī
㲻ǻҪСô
ʵ
СĲңСĸղֻ˵˵ǰԭ¡
Ǹ߱˵߿ͷ
˲ңҲˡ˱Ǿֻһ
ٴһҪɶݣӵùľֶΣҺĹ棬ǰǸһҺֹ
ǰСĲ
˾Ȼ޳ûһۣΪ֮ǰδ˵ҲΪˣûмеɱ⡣
Թˣ
ȵߵһеĳԶȥ
ڸܵ΢Цһ棬̸ЦжΪĵˣһ䱯顣
ȻһҲжộΪǿΪһ·δɱһˣѾʮܿɹˣԼЩƵɡ
Щð㱾ܵĸо־壬ͬʱҲڰԼܻڡ
ɵΪĸ֣µȻֻڵΪ
Ѿһ塣
ǶҽţȻڵĵǸһȻغˣٸһλᣬǶȻٷƵĴ
ȳԲѷȣݹֱֺݶк֮£ΪҲףǾɱǵ壬ͷҷŹǵԪ֮壬ϣԺԣĪҪѰ·
һǶͬʱըѣǵԪ֮Ǻ
СĶлǰɱ֮ǰзԸСǶ߾ȫ˿Υ档
һۣȻͬʱ˵
ܺãǾţǰĳƱ򣬱š
Ȼ˵ɢаȵĹâ
ɽ֮ϣǶɽأ˱ըҪͨ;ˡ
߷׷ٶȸЩ˷ǶɱֺܹһԾ㵲ѣ˷׷׸ʩ
ԭһɵĳϣݿǲͣѹ˵һߡ
а
Ϊ˳ͷʱ˲㱻ŵĻɢֵȰ裬ж˵Ȱ裬ЩԽԽҲֻܾ䡣
ǰݼˣʧڱǰ
ܣ˫ְȻ˵
˻һڽ𾪣ǧһƬȻûɺ֮š
в߳ɣǶλϵѣЩǵĻҲֻ̫֣Щһûһˡ
ЩΪǿߣидĶ࣬ЩˣһԿɱԼԼȴȵվĵشϵľ飬ָоʮֵ
ߣѰԡ
һЦ˫ӣһӴ֮ʱڿУе߽Է֮޷ܣһ˲䣬˷׷ױԶŽء
Ȼǧͬʱ˷ɶݣֳ滹ޱȣЩз׷ҶԷ飬ǿɱߡ
һ֮䣬еǧͬɨҶһ㣬ѸٶǱʧ˵֮С
ʱǶ޷˶ôµĶ֣£˻ܱԪ֮壬ʵֵˡ
Ǽ᲻ֻģ
ͻȻ˵ܣҲûиܵˣ֤ɽߡ
Ӧòᡣ㲻õģŵˣһбˮʯ
г˵
Ƭ֮ʮѸЩ˽һȵǰˣֽĿϡ
ǺˣΪڵӣ
мһλʵڸ֮ǰѾ˵˶ʮֵǿ󣬿ɼ˶Է֮ȴûиожǿ
£˿ˡ
˵ˣܿǳߡ
дΪ˭
߷ŭ˵Ϊһ̶֮ԷСơ
ǧҪ嶯ǰĻ¡
Ӵֳ㲻ǰĶ֡
޷׷Ȱ˿֮Ҳֹ
ɻĶЩŽɣȻôԷϾδսδֳʤ
Ҫ㡣
΢΢֣ǳߵɫ䣬ֻһǿԼԼȫȴҲ޷ֵǿ
һ˲䣬߱ɵǰǰ߷׷״󾪣һͬʱ仯߱塣
ǰ飬һǰԸԲаΥ֮ġ
ֲɵӣܿ˶ԷΪ߳Լ̫࣬ԼƴȫҲĶ֣£ǾѰ·
ȫ£ûбκ˲ǰš
֮ϹϾĹڵأһҲ˿ĵ
һʱѾõҪĴ𰸣Ǳ뿪˴ֻʣˡ
ԭɽϿղ˻þѹûһ˵ĴڣȻǺЩ߲ͬһλ档
а̧ͷգûзʲô쳣֮ȴ֪Ϸ˲ǿĻþ
ǰһ·ǰ鷳ˣһôûСʹ˸·ɽ£ǰҲù˼׸ˡ
ǿЦ˵֪ܹվƬɽۣ֮Ѿǰ˱ĸǴ˵еķ֮磬ԼȥҲûʲôô
ͶԵһ޷ѵ㲻Ǽˣ
Ц˵
ܹǰǿѾ֮ˡǼ𣬲ҲգһȲǰµĻ˴ΣܹƬɽ֮ϣ´δι飬ﻹȥǷ֮أ
Ϊ˵м֮飬Ȼ˱ż
ðɣȻִˣҲͲΪˡҵ˵ɽҲԳûãȻŬһԳΪɽеĶߡмǣֻҪŬܳɹ޳֮Ժټ֮ʱ
˵ϧĹǣܳΪʲôߣǾ͵ÿԺ컯ˡ
лǰָ㣬¶ȻŬǰڣ
ǹ˵ۿҲʪˣмȸжֲᣬҪԶĽģԺС
ڣ
˵ȻһѾ밵˷֮УѸٵĳɽ֮ϵĿзɶݶȥ
ǴãȻξ֪𼶱ǿߣΪλԼһСƣھദ־ᶨˣҲأʶ
ڷ֮УϴһĨ΢ЦҲ֪ôģܾʦʮ񣬿ͻ翴ʦһ㡣
֮⣬Ҳʶ֮ŷͬһǫĳ㣬ΪСȴʵĶԼá


1730 
ϣҵССɣŬҲŬֻʵܳΪߣҲֻҲܱԼںˣ˺
ǽӴʱ⣬ԼҲǺ޺ôٿԼԼܽһΪͼϣǿľ
ѰһѰҵ˿еĽƣʱΪ˲㴩͸˿еĽƣ֮ܵ˿и֮
˵ɽв֮磬ٵطƣҲʱðİɫ˷·ɾ
һ̷֣Χв˴ڵټЩ˵Ϊɽĵͼơ
Ѿǰȴ΢΢üƵĿ˵ǰطֲ̫ˣ¸޷˿ڵ½ٶȺܿ죬㻹ҽķ֮аɣȥǼ飬ֻǰһǰˡ
ðɣ
ͷ˷֮Уа̾ˣԼԿӦе
ǿһҵѰҵɽڡĻܾҹζࡣ
룬һѾеһǰǸֻΪͻȻһҪնɱ
㣬Բ㲻ĻʵʵĻش⡣
ӴѸ˶Էѹ£Ǹ־ڵأ֪Ϊǿǰˡ
ǰ޷һ֪޲ԡ
˹Ļش
˵ļ𣿡
żɽʵ˷ʱ䡣
ǰ´δ˵š
˿ЦĻش
۾û˵ѵļвɰľȻЩ߶֪֮ȴǲ֪ѵǼֻǸ˵ô
ǰֻ˵ۡ
˲Ҳһ㶣һû뵽˵ؾȻҲ۴ڣԼȫͬ
ǰΪǿΪǱû̫⣬׼ҵҪѯʴ˵ص۴ڣмΪˡ
Ȼֻһ֮ʵȴԼֱȥֻۣѰ·
˵ؽʲôƣ
ʵоЩķҡ
˵ɴ˫ۣû뵽˾֪飬ԷǰԼвɻǲ߻ħʧˡ
ǰ˵ؽϽ硣
˹Ļش
·ֽʲôطʵ
½硣˼̵ĻشΨԶʧ
ͷ֪ӦòڣΪ˵ɽڣôֱӵִ磬οأ
Ͻ繲жۣʵ
ӦʮۣУĩһۡ
˻شԽ϶ʧˡ
жأ
пЦʮۣԼҪصɽ磬һ˳
ǰʮ֮⣬˵زûĴڣ޽ڵˣֻ֪ˡ˻شĻòɻ
ʮۣ޽ΨûĴڣҲ̫ˣԽϣֲԽôôˣ
һϣԼܾ˼
˿ɻǼ˵ںܾ֮ǰ޽ͳϽ磬֪һۣΪǿޱȣٶͳϽ磬֮½˲ֱۣǰﵽʮ۵Щǰ󣬲ûдɱǸԷֱ𻮷ֵռϽ硣֮Ͻ˷׷ױ̼ˣŬˣϽҲ޽Ĵڡ
һΪͼˣô֪Щأ
Щɵʵ˺˼ɣΪΪͼ˾ȻԼᵽΣյϢ
ǰЩϽ磬˾֪㲻ʲôܡʮ۵ĵе˶˽޽۵ϣˣʮ۴ӺζǶϽ˾޴Ĺס
˲ɫ˵ЩĽȻľâһţȴ׽˸ţе
ЩԾһͨˣôܻ֪ôࡣϽָƵġңǰֵηҲ̫ˣˣͨˡ
ٴμ˺Ȼ˷֮Ув²ԷΪˣΪڵĸ֣Ŀɵαװġ
ǰ˭
ʵЩԷۣ롣
ǰôΪǰʹãʹð
˼һľ顣
ϸ۲κϸ΢ı仯ܿȷԼĲ²⣬ԷڰԻԼնϽ磬Ѿ֪ˡ
ǰݼܲƭˣֻǰ¶ˡǰ۸֣ڴ˵Ⱥ£֪кĿģ
˵Ѿʱ׼
Ǹ¶֮ɫôʱĻвԼΪôģ


1731 
ɷѿģȴǱ㿴ˣСӺλɵ۶˼ķǻ˵˵Сôģ
˾ȻվıֱϵҲ˾޴ĸı䣬ܿΪһаȻӡ
ȻۣɲԸۣһΪ屾壬ҲûɵİաһĿУ֪ԼĪҲӵԤ֮
аš
ǺǣǰϢŭʵδЩֻ²²ģû뵽ȴΪʵһʵϰ
Ц˵ܲȥԷΪۡ
Ŷ۾ȻСƭˣд
˵ϴŭ֮ɫ˫ɱӿƺʱὫɱ
ҲнţϾԷΪǿۣܣҲӲ۵׷ɱ
ǰϢŭҵǰǰǲ֪µǰǰܴ˲С˹
ʮε˵ЩһԼ˵ģɾڽ죬ԼҲ˵ˡ
Է¼ıڴ˵ȺԼϹһ۴Լ᲻ʶݣһȻԤıģԼǸҲһӰ쵽Էȶļƻ
ؼǣƻʲôһ֪ԣֻҲñκʵԷòͷ
Сӣ۸۵Ÿ㣬ܲб۵֣۾Ͳһƽϡ
ۺٺЦЦЩ⡣
ǰ˵Ե³ǰš
˵
۸ֺƾֱһȻֱҪ³¡
ٺ٣ǲ˱۵ţͷһ·෴´ˣۻɱ㡣
۵ЦѡһļʣԷ֮һļʲ´
ۣ
ԥĴ˵ôĻشҲһ㶣ڴ֮Ц⡣
ȣųۡ
ĻҲһ㶣ԭΪ²Ľۣȴԭų
취ۡ
ͣһ˲䣬ȻŽ˵뼲ۡǰǳп취ۡ
˪ֻ۾΢΢͸¶Щ鲨ѡ¶һĨЦ⡣
ۻδ˵֮ǰѾȷ˶ԷݣǼ˵ʱϣԽʧҲԽԣǰز¶ļۡ
۵ɢȵĹâԽ϶ԼĲ²⣬ǰ˵һ֣ӶԷӦУϵųۣ֮ģɵķʽ˵취۵֣ΪԼѡʵͬڹ۲ķӦ
ûзֶԷеκξ֮ɫҲȷֱȷĴ𰸣Ǽɡ
СӹȻǻ۹ˣܲ³۵ݣû۱ʮһλļۡ
۹ЦҲǻۣȻղ׵ΪܹյĽҪġ
֪ǰǷ˵ɷӣɫʵȻµԷܿɷڴϵô֪ԼҪ˵ء
Сӣ̫ˡЩ飬㻹ǲ֪Ϊáڱǰڷ֮в𣿡
ȫλߵ˵
кΣɵ۵ǰԼһǻ۶ûôϾʵһС
ǰ֪µΪڣǶݳ˷ǰΪֱӾµǰ£Ҳڷвȥɣ
ίľܾ˼۵Ҫ֪ԷȻưոݣԼҲֻܽ߾ȫ֤Լİȫ
ߣһССѣΪ棬۾ް취ˣ̶ݳ򣬱۾ͳֽ㾾
۲м˵в˲˸ô
ȻǶ֣ʮΪϼƣ
ಣ
ٶȲٿŷ쳯ԶɶݣҲΪһӱĿлعȻ
Ԧ쳯ԶߺǼɵ˿ûκλ֮ɫĵ򣬸Ͳӵȥ
ǰʲô飬Ϊôٶȷɶݣ
㾪ȵʵΪڷ쿪ٶȺ󣬾ҲòСģΪڷ֮վҲʮѡ
ʱһУһ۰㣬ҲЩգǱԼܣֻ»ĺ󻼣ɴʱ屾ݷǰУֻ¸Ӳ۵׷١
ڱ׷ɱЩչ˺Լ
̵˵Ȼ͵ı仯屾壬һͷɫͻȻڷ֮Уŵİˣ㶵һ仰Ҳ˵

еԱζû뵽Ϊ˵ģȻ˱壬ӦñΪǡ
壬һ˵е壬ɽ粻Ĵ˵ģжˡ
Ӷɳֻһת֪ٶٴðҲѣεĴ


1732 ʿɱ
屾£ʵڵĸ֣αɶݣٶҲڸ֮¡
Ȼ屾ΪϷٶȣٶȣɵ۳ڵĸҲδؿ׷Լ
ѡһֱ߾뼱ٷУƣҲԷǿ룬ڷɶƬ֮󣬷Ǽ۲û׷
ֽмۣطٶȾй֮ҵýпܶ̽顣
뵽ȻʼǷϣ˲֮󣬷ʧĿС
֮۱Щ⣬û뵽ԷһССȻΥԼǰߵΪԵս
۲׷ǹ۲ٶȣٶü۰ľΪٶڸֵٶȣ֤Ƿǿ
֮󣬼۷˸ΪֲʵǾǶԷٶȣȻ۳ڸֵٶȣٶȱһ۳ڸֻҪһЩ
ȷüд󾪣ȻҲصǸ˸ŨȤԼõǸǿݺᣬΪû˵ٶȻԼ졣
Ƭ֮󣬼۷һ˵ʵǾǸϵʶԽԽˣüпʼ裬ǰ뷨
ʱԵۣиΪգ絽δۼĸֲɽ磬бצɵ׷ɱԼڷɷڣʵΪǿķɷɵۣӵ˴˴ȴʮۣһѡԸɽǱצɵۡ
Ͻ磬Ͳ۵Χٶȴ󽵣ƵﹲʮۣԼäĿӣȴҲӳʮ۵ĵ̡
ǵù͸ˣѵҸطأֱΪﵽɵ֮𣿡
аʱϣиȫ֮ʮͳεϽ磬Щܡ
³ˮоǷĵˣʱһ۱㿴̬ϵԼвɰľ
ڴ˵ر㷢ܣѰ˼ҪҪɱڣϾԼӵ֮Ϣһȥֻеɵ۶ֽɱԼϾԼڵΪ̫ˣԱûС
ɱ߲ɱ
ԥˣΪػɱ˰㣬Ϊǿ󱳾ƺֲڴʱɱ
˵ɷӲ˸ϵطʮ֣ȻûĴڣʮۻƾðġʮӦǴطǰģǲ֮⣬Ӧ硣
зţܿƲ⵽һֿܣȻɷ˵شϵôʮش˵أȻĿĵģѵɷڴЭ
һзˣֻҪ˫ЭǷɷɵ۱ȳ㣬ֻҪԼһûɱҲзصһ졣
ǰ𣿡
һؿڣԵ屾壬бܵĸо־塣
ƣʱǿƣɽǰѹھʵǰ㽫޷֮
ң
лڿɱ֮ĺ
ǰ㾹Ȼһˣ̫³Ծˣ֪ܣɱ𣿡
Ц
˵Ҹòɱأ
ʵɱΣҲܽӵ屾Ϣй¶ȥЩǻȫ׷ɱԼġ
ǰɱ£ǰҲްô²Ҫ֪ǰܣǰйܣڱ췢¶ġһ֣նĿʼġ
㷢¶ĺҲֻеɱ⣬аⰵκܴԼпܻɱڣϾκεĺøУɱҲӰľ
ðɣϣԣ򣬷ɷɵҲס㡣
ͷϵ˵
ţղɱ£¿ɲɵӣһ۾Ϳˣ㱻ˡ
ǺЦЦЩɵģȴҲǰᡣ
һõʱһЦӲԶд󾪣û뵽Լʹ屾ںϺ󣬻ᱻǼ̽鵽
۶ڿУ·һɽҲֻ̽鵽ɽ΢ϢΪȶԷǿ̫࣬޷̽鵽κ١
ɣӲ۵ģϽ磬ӳ˱۵ĵ̣Ҳᱻ׷ɱʮۣһҲǲ𡣡
ŵ˵ǿȫȥûʵϵǰǿ
סɫأв²ԷпթƭԼģҲûзԼľλá
ಣ
һѾݽɽ֮Уȴһ䣬¶ŵЦ⡣
ȻˡȻ֪ҵ֣ӦҲɺϰɣ
а
˫ͬʱһӣд󾪣׼ߣǼ۵Ľ˲㲼ϣԦŷײ˽֮ϡ
ڶͼ͸ʱͻȻһʵ⼲ֲõĽƣȻǱצɵ۵ĻþҪǿ࣬ſԴӳȥȴҪʱ䡣
۲õĽƣ㲻ӳȥѵڻΥ汾۵𣿡
ɿ˽֮УȻȻ˵
ۣԩ޳ΪѵͲܷŹ𣿡
Բʵ
ɽ֮ˣϽ籾۵ĵΪ˵ص۸÷ڴ˵ͣ𣿡
۹Ц
ǰ´Ϊǰηɽ磬ֻ˵أܹȥԲڴ˵طǰǰָԽ򡣡
⣬ʱҲϣԼƷϣǼɵָȥĵ·
ô˵أƾΪͨڣɵۺڵĴͨߣ򣬾ɵڵĸҲ޷ͨǻۣ㻹𣿡
硢۲˵дĪЦ⡣
ǰ֮⣬ĪǷɷɵ۹½ģ
˳ŶԷĻʵ
ɷСѾͷ˱۵°ܽ۶û룬ƾʲô룿
˵ⷬȴ˲
ɷɵоСѾͷ˵ɷɵ۴ﵽɵ֮Ѳ⼲۵ΪΪǿ󣿡
зͷˣҲӵڵΪѹֿɵ׷ٵ˵ء
ǰ֪Ϊǿ󣬿ǣֻһͨڵˣ֪ǰΪ
ȥˣֱʵ
ǲʶһŮӣ
תƻ
ʧɫΪ˾Υ֮˵֣⼲
ǰ½Ѿʶ
ǿס˵
ֻʶ㲻˵ʵᱻɱ
в
ǰǰµŮˡ
ǿǰ֣Ҳ֪ڵΣֻ֪ɵ۵ĿһʲôҪ顣
Ϊ˱ȫ˵ʵ飬ΨֻΣա
ߣ飬жšɣۿɲ֤İȫ
ߵƺ֪㡣
ʱҲ漲ɵ۵Ļвɴ󾪣ԷɷɵҲûΪǿǺã
ǰв㣬ĵҪȥ
֪ԼѾһ䣬Լһ˸ڴ˵ػȥһ
ּּ޷Ƶģ޶ľڴʱȫһ㣬Ȼ֪ȥķգȴͬɶ׼ȥȼյĻ档
ΪұҪȥ
ᶨ˵
ǰѵˣˣҲˡ翣ҲΣգȥˣ޷ԻȥҪˣҲӦȾǰˣ𣿡
֪ʱڳ嶯УǿȰϣǵĶԴֻԷ仰ա
㣬ǲܱȵģУһҲеķΪҿһС
ն˵Ȼ仯α壬ԥĶݳ˷֮⡣
ڳˣǸеķȻǳ
۵Ц͵Ĵһڷ֮ϺǷΧͻȻһɫ
д󾪣ɫȻԼϵҲζţԼҪ죬ȹһء
һˣŷǼ۵ĿıƭԼȻȡ졣
ɱңҲò죬ⷨǴеģûм̳еʸ񡣡
аȻżۣûһ˿һ⡣
˷֮Ц˵ܴ벻ǻ޴֮¡ˣ͵ڶ˱ķڣ޷סҲѱֵ𣿡
ΪֺκۣǵˣȰɱҡ㲻ΪУв裬һᱨ֮𡣡
˵ɱȻ
һ㶣ɸЦСӣɱ㣬㻹𣿱۲ɱ㣬Ҳɣ
豾ɣֻΪ˸ۡгرȻڵΪȱǿܱ֤Զǿ㲻ܣҪôɱ˱ɣҪôͶԱɿ㣬򣬱ɷĽԻŰɱۡ
˷ԭʼֱӵвڵΪȥвһ۸֣ȻĻҲֳŨŨɱ⡣
վǰҲδɱҡ
аΪǸ֮˵ԼݾҲʣЩǿôԼ˵
Ȼֻȷĳ룬ֻһֱһֲ²⣬ǲ´ˣԼһᱻԷɱ
ʿɱ裡˵£ʮֵĲˬеɱԽԡ
֮ĸ֣Ҳӿַս⣬սֹһ㣬
ϵŭ𽥱ȡܵʱսԽˣûڵܹԼǰɢǿҵս⣬Ǹ
вǽھʵĻ֮ϣƾڵΪѵΪʸв𣿡


1733 
ЦзŨŨɱ⡣
ֺҵ츳ﵽɵ֮Ϊ̫Զɱңʱһɱһ㽫Űɱ
纮˪˵еս⻹ڼҲ֮ǣͣϢһ㡣
ף
Խˣû뵽£ԷѾԶԶͻ֮Ӵڵˡ
ߣ츳ôǿ󣬴ʱԲǱ۵Ķ֣Ǳɱ㣬ͬһֻô򵥡㵨Υ汾ۣҲɱ㡣
˵ɢΪֲƣһȻֱӽײɶ

һֻһ˲ͬҪըһ㣬ڵȻڴʱ䣬ҲζŽڽڡ
ۿɵˣû뵽ԷԼƤ½ҪǴȥֻԼҲɵЦ
Ԫɵۣ˵Сӵ츳Ȼ˿ֲԺҪɱۣǱۿҪɱΪ
аһ˿Ц⣬Ƿ쿴һۣԽȷɱᱦľġ
׼ȥɣ
ĺȵһƸ
ʱڽĹؼʱ̣󲿷עڽϣ㿴˶ԷĽȴҲ㡣
ֻǿˡ
аƾԷĸһ
۲ûʹȫֻʹ۳ڵΪһɱԷϾԷֻǸڵˡ
䣡
ǼƷڻؿ֮ʱ͵ıҵըһǿ֮ϡ
۳ֵ£ֻؿڴһҵʹ屻ڿյɳȥ
һ֮ڿһɣȻŵײײĽ档
аϲû뵽Լ徹Ȼ˶ԷһƣƲȥȴҲû̫ܵصƣǳ֮ǿָЧҲͼϢ֮䣬ƱѾָĲˡ
ôܣȻĵվѵɽҪӲ۳ڵĸƷ֮ˣҲ޷ܣٶˣһڵˣڴڽ״̬УȴҲӦÿԵֵһ
ľԭ;öԷ츳ˣڿȻš
ʱ䣬޷ģֻϣķԵֵһԷĹԼпܻ߻ħ
һЩɵ֣ɲԵֵԼһơ
ٳԱһƣ
в˵۽ٴһƺ
һͬɳ㱻ɳȥǣһΣûˤڵأȵվǰվĻҪȵ
ܵԷĹֻһѪڣؿ֮ҵʹͷһһѪӿϿУȴǿڡ
£°ɵ۳ڵˣҲֵ۵Ĺһôֵܵأ
̾ԽЩֻΪǿģҲȥ
ֶԷעȻתƵϣвɰϲֻҪԼʱ˳ƾǿʩչ屾壬δûһս֮
۶Ƿ죬һĸڷ֮ϣǿжǷϵȴָͰ첻
ȶȡķȻɱ
д⣬Ƿ췢һصЦ⣬ͻȻϥڷϿգ˫ͬʱַ죬׼ԶŹǿռķ
ֻƳһۼۣһҲķᱻԷΪǷ첻ͨķԷͨǾ͸ˡ
ʼٶȸڵı仯ľҲƽ߻ħ
ʱ֮Ѿ˽ﵽڵΪЩ˷ܣϾΪҪȴʮѵģԼһ֮ԽȴҲЩ⣬о˷ܵĵط
ڴﵽˣһʱҲʹǿ飬ʱҲ֪ûлɵ֮
аԿ϶ǣԼһﵽɵ֮Ҳ͸þ⼲ۣпӵдʵ
ϥâȻֳһǼ۶еĹǿ˵ķȻҪһĹ̡
ط죬ҳ岻µĽơ
а֪ʱòԷ
֮ʱͻȻǼ۴һ˫Բ͵һѪѪܿĸڷ֮ϡ
̫ˣ
۷һ˷ܵΪѪⷨƺѾһĻӦֻ֤ҪԼʩΪǳпǿжȡ졣
ۣ
ѪҪǷǷƾԷѪͲΪ
ּۿʼаϲ⣬⼲۽ֺãװ׵ԼǾԵĺ¡
ô֪Ϣѵڴ˵زɣ
뵽вЩǵõԼӦһɽģ˭֪һαôȥˣԼҲûҵ


1734 ߵ
²춷ţҲһ߻ᣬɽԶɽչ
ʱΪѾ˵ĹԷۣȴҲǲһӲĹ
һʱǼЦȻ׼ӲӣΪԼۣ㹻ǿԷոսڡ
οֵ۵Ʒ̼˼ۣΪԼҲɵĵԷĹ
䣡
ʹνһ츳Ϊϣ˽Ҳ˵һѾǳӽɵۼĽˡ
ͣ
һں˺ɫ棬̶ֱԷؿ֮һ֮΢һģ˺˼

ΪԼĴ⸶˲شۣԭΪԷĽأɵӲ֮󣬵еһʹؿڴ
Ѱ·
۷ؿ֮ȻһѪڴһ󽹺ζǻȼչ֤ݡ
νۣԼһȻԷ֮УһͶ˶Է塣
ǽһ
вЩźԼǽԷˡ
ӵķǾͻ㵹ù
аɽٴγ۹ȥǼȫҪշȻЩϾ˼ͻϮ
ֻ۲ˣһīɫսףȻһɽԽĽ
ĹԱɵĵֵ֪ԼԷΪ̫ҲֻĶԷЩܰԼ˵ء
ʮŭʱǿᷨĹؼʱ̣ԷΪͣĽȴǿ㹻ԼԼ޷ֳľȥԸ
һ۷Ϊ˱֮ˣŭȴҲֻǿͣȴȡ֮ɱ
츳ĵٶȱһҪ࣬һԲϵܱߵԽĹۣΪҲǶġ
˫һ޼ɵȫһĲɵĵֵʱҲڶ˵ĹսѸš
ʱ֮󣬼ҲЩܲǷֹȡˣʱ֮ڣѾ˴ѪüҲԪ𣬶ǷҪѪҺпüŭѡ
βϵڿţһһ޴ڵĹҲüиΪŭˡ

ۿһҲԸѪˣϣǿǷ
¡
һҵıըڷ֮ϵâڴʱ˱ըıը۵Ҳɳȥ
Ǹ
˫סԴǿ˲䣬ȻǷǿɣֲķɲü۾ֻһ˲ܵ˼ǿѣθС
ǱըâҲüȫˣ۴δǱմȾīɫѪ˫۷죬̲סٴһīɫѪҺ
ǱվڵϣǿҷɺͻȻԼʶȻ½һ磬ֹˣڵҲ˲Ϊ˵ķļۻ
һ
۷ĺɫޱȣȫŭ֧ˣ˷͵ʴףûշǿķһĪĵΪ
˵۳ڵΪִԼǾ޴ģΪѾľ۳ڴﵽڵΪһ˲侹Ȼڣü۵ľҲƵٱ
¶Ц⣬֪ԷѪһг˷Ѿ⣬ǳпǿҵķɡ
Ⱦָģ
аʱ֪ܷɵѾΪ󽵡
ҲʱԶȥǼۿŭգҪ죬ȴѾ˷֮С
ǰ㾹ȻţΪѾɱˣ
㼤˵Ϊ챻󣬰㲻֪еļˣΨԼͬʱϽ硣
ţöѣǸ۾棬һûΣա
ЦŻشаԹԼΪ̫ͣǼš
ѾǿˣڵΪڵǿѣɲһ˿ġ
Ե̾
ô֪Ϊڣ
ʵ
µġ˵°ܽʱҾͲµˣΪѾﵽɵڵΪȻ°ܽҲȻӵڵΪ
͵
˵ͷ֪һ֪ǼСԼûгȫԼ
۵ؿھţûôһǷŭѣǷ죬޲ýһȭƬ
ķ
Ҳ÷ʲôôˣΪϳ˴Ƕ֮ǡ
֮Уܿ屾壬αΪﵽں屾ΪҲӦĲ²⣬Լ屾£Ҳսһɵˡ
Ѿɱ˷Ϊ˶ᱦȫΪ˷йеķŭ


1735 ۱
ȥ
۾һݺݵնǷ졣
һ⼲۵Ľǣһӷ֮ϴ챻նˣǼۺȻһǿķԼɡ
ǱۻӵڵΪôܻᱻⷨˡ
ΪǷԵʣȴаϲҪ֪ԷĹԼҲһ󲿷֣ȴûиоԼھԵ֮С
ۣüˡɱңգҶ㲻úţҪʮ꣬ɱﵽɵ֮꣬ɱﵽɵۺ֮ʱɱͬһֻô򵥡ѵ᲻вҪ֪Ѿδ
ЦڴʱԷ
ǸƣԱԼʱӵڵΪҲδػηԷ֮ԣǣԼ۳ڵΪܲʮ꣬ԼͲĶˡ
ʮʱ䣬һ˲Ĺ򣬼۴ʱ֪ΪеغȻնݳձػḶشۡ
עĲ㱾һʱɱ㣬Ͻ磬ŴۡʮУһʣµľλۣλﵽۺڵľ磬ѾΪ۷塣κһ˵Ϊɱ練ơ
Ц
ۺڵ۷֣ʮ֣ƺԺɨɽκһطˡۺڵ۷ֶԸңܼȥأ
ɿЦ
ۣڶûҵкγޣô˺ңѵɱȫң
ŭʵ
㻹˵ΪƷǿķɣΪ˵۳ڣʶΪҲˡΪˣ᲻ŭ𣿡
ҧгݵ˵
ԭ¹ϲǰˣΪˣʮѵõ顣˵ǰڵΪֱǰ֮£ǰһĺãֱõһˡ
Ц˵˷ü۲㱻Ѫŭһ۶ὫʬΡ
˫裬Ҫз죬ǣʱСĽܿݳ˼۵Ľ
ߣ
͵˲ƣٴγʱѾٽ죬ʱּ۲˽˷졣
ӣڱ۵Ľ£ⷨǸܿ죬ۻŰɱ㣬
۵ĿЦڳһڱõĶ
Ϊ۳ڵĽƿסɣ
ʵǿͻƶԷĽơ
ͣ
ֻΣǼ۵ĽƱͬ裬͵סȥ
ɵˣʱΪ˵غΪˣʱȻԽԷ
Ͻ磬еʮƿ֮Уȥη
۹ŵ˵
γ֪Է˼ԼҲЩãһʮ۱ҪԼϽ磬ƺûԼ֮ء
ǺǣֻҪҸطչһʱ䣬ʱһɱ㣬ֻžͺá˵ʮۣѵͬʮֵһҿδأԽǿߣ໥֮Խ̡㱾ʮڵΪֵ˵أҲᱻֱɱߣȱɽɵ֮󣬿ȡʮ۵ĵλ
˻һǼҲԶԣмȷŭֱ
Ͻ磬ʮƿһУΪһۣ۱óܼΪǿѹΪͬΪۣһʵһΪ顣
ʮۣһֻλﵽۺڵΪʣµλۣΪΪʮ֮۱κһ۶ҪŬھļΪԲһ
ڼ۵УԼڵǿȣӦмεˮƽŲǰҲӦǰң̣ΪˣҲֻʮԼ۶һΪصĴ
ͬΪۣҲһ۵֪Ϊ˵Ϣô롣
Լᱻ׵ĳΪ۳ڵΪЩ۶ԣΪʵ̫ˣϽʮܸΪŴۡ
˵˼еʹԲԵЩԶԣ뵽ĳǿ츳۸ǾԼδ
ѵһۣȻһǴȥڣ
зŭޱȣΣҲԷŹ
۾Բ㱨κλᣬ죬ҽݣ۵Ҫڵ㣬ƾʲô뱾
зݵĺ˵Խ񱩡
Ѿ統ǰţϾԷʱΪ۳ڣԼǡýΪڣ֮භҲǺκεİա
ۣ;ðɣȻִ뱾ΪУȻŴۣȴҲԲЭ㡣ʲô£ɣ
Ա˵ʱҲûʱ俼ŴۣҪڼ۵Ĺ»лᣬԼȡĵλ
۱壡


1736 ս
۷ŭĺΪǿ屾壬Դɱ
аľҪܼۣв޶ٰգǶԷչֳ屾ʵһΪǿ
Ȼ벻ַˣǼ۵屾徹Ȼһīɫ࣬Ȼ׾¶Ѫ֮¶ɭɭİȴҲΪ֮һɡ
ߣΪǿ󣬵֮ʱȴбܵĿ־壬һ㣬˼Ѿ֡
ˣΪһ屾ԷսԼɢѹҲöԷľս
ȥɣ
ĺȵӴͻȻڿѸٵİڶǴ׳βֱ˿еķ졣
ûüӶݣȻǼ۵ľβϮ¡һҲ۵Ѹһɳȥ
Ӵڷ֮ϣȻ󴫵˷֮Уܵ޴ķ֮屾ҲڶԷһ̫ǿˣɵ˵ȫһ
һУҽеѪڷ֮صˤ䣬пѪɫǲҰһƬαҲɱ

ֻһתǿֲԼ֮ҲܵӰ죬α塣
Ҳˣְı״󣬵ƣͬʱǳ֮ҲʼΪˡ

ۻһ㣬Ƿ죬ÿһǿײжܾ޴Ŀ顣
ס㣬ֻڼ۵ڶεĹУᱻɾ顣
鼱֮£ֻܲٿطǼ۵ĽڿռСܵĿռʮޡ
ʱİѾǿѪǳ֮ѸˣֻͱǼɱˡ
۷ŭĹֺţͬһ㣬ƾ屾幥죬Ҳ֪ԷķôǿֻҪԼı㹻ԷҲؽ޷ڷ֮С
Ϣʱ䣬ҲǼ۵ǿѪʱŷۼĸʵ̫ˣǳзıԼҲսֵסԷĽ
ǰ²ˡ
㷢ɫ԰ֽ˫Ѫ˿֮ܲеѪҲ֪˶٣ʵԼܼ۵Ĺ
㣬סģҶỤ㰲ȫˣҲԲŹҵġ
Щżİοһʱ֮Ҳ벻֮ЧķԸۡ
û뵽Ұҡ
ʹ˵ѾµɣϾԷۼĸ֣۵һʵΪǿ
ۣɷɵ۵Ů뱾һѵ뽫Ҳһɱɱɷɵ۱Ȼ㲻ݡ
ȵ
۵ڿ͵һ֪ɷɵ۵Ůһ𣬿ȴΪŭѾʧȥԭе侲
ɷɵۣ°ܽѣ㱾ɱŮͱΣ
۲мЦ
ɷɵﲢ̫вǣҪ֪ɷɵԪɵ۹ϵУһɱŮԪɵƱزԹۣѵԸԪɵ۽𣿡
鼱֮³ԪɵۣΪԪɵ۵ΪӦǿڷɷɵۣԣпѾﵽɵۺڵΪˣǼôܺ޹˼
ۣҪףѾ߱ڵΪԷɷɵۣҲĶ֣Ԫɵۣû˿ʤ㡣
ȴϾԼҲǰʱ򣬷ɷɵԪɵԼ鷳
۵ٴν˿УԪɵ۵ţ۵֮зԵη֮ɫ
Ԫɵۣڼ۵пǾԵǿߣٲʮеκһˣۻûеԪɵۡ
ѵҪһŮİΣ㲻֣ܶͳ뱾۹ƽһս򣬱۽ϧһеɱǡ
мɵͷȴһҲֳʱ˿̣밵õ˴ϢĻᣬ£ɫҲ𽥺
ǰ㲻Ҫģڼ㣬һȥ϶Ķ֣ɱġ
ЦѵвԼȰ档
㣬㲻Ҫ˵ˣúˡģˣҲзɷɵԪɵ۶˵Ĺϵǲɱġ
˵ͻȻһ׸ζԸˡ
ݳȴǷ쾹Ȼڴʱı״Ϊɽ˵Ĺ塣
ԼڷУ̫˷ѷˣֻ쵱ʹãЧһõġ
仯Ϊ콣״ʱܱ֤ǿͬʱ÷ڷзӳǿĹЧ
ñȴһǴûϼӲĴ̣ôһߣΪߺ޹˼ɵĹһס⬣ǴҲ޷ߣյĽǱҧ
ȻһĴ⬣ȴٻߣΪϵļ̣ʱȻڲ֮ءҲɵ⬣⬣ȻȴԳû͵ϮߣȻԼ̷սȡöսʤ
˼ˣѰԷƼ۵Ч취Ƿ컯Ϊʮɽɵļ̣мԲ壬״Ǵ⬼Ϊơ
̬ʱ۱ܵĸоһֿ־Уʵû뵽Էķӵ˵ԣԶԷǷļӲԣܹ϶ǷɵɽʮֵķԼ幥ϣʵѰ·
ۿԸɷɵ۵ŮһĻᣬ㽫ڷУ뱾۹ƽһս۱֤Ȼɱ
ת˵
ŶΪʲôǵ͹أڸıˣɷɵ۵Ů˴˵أҲԱɲûжӰ졣б¼ɣɵ뿴ǲǱɽҪӲ
Ųæ˵˻üץ񣬶ŷ죬ҲЩ޿κΡ
ķ̫̬ˣѵⷨûɽô
Щɵţʱǿ֮⣬ƺҲûõķ
ۣץʱˣһɱɣ´ξҪ
ЦĴΪľǼԷչ
д㾹ȻСۣѵǻûķĿԵɵĹ𣿡
ŭ˫о䣬ŭһβڿеһȦȻصĳ졣
׳գ
Цڸܵһɾ޴ϮʱͬʱҲһĲҺǼۡ

һ̽ԵĹ˴ֱϮԷͬʱǾ޴ײ֮Ƿ첻ûбɣǶ˼۵β֮ϡ
ͺñһ˵ڲذ׵ĶѨڣһȥȻɲصĺγɵЩɽҲ˼۵֮С
һ˲䣬۱ɽ壬ΪЩɽޱȣǿ£εĴ˼۵β֮С
۲Һѣֲûл˷죬ΪǷѾԼβ֮УķüҲľ
̫ˣԭ컹ӵǿıԡһƣԺ۳ڵĸ֣Ҳڲ֮ء
аǼ۸ܵҵʹҲһгɾ͸е顣

۾ŭĺһ˦βͣҪԹ˦죬ǣۺܿ췢Ϊֱ޴ģͼѷĹУ޴ĹǷ췢͵и
۵ľ޴˦γɵļɽֱڿлһƬŨѪҲڴʱ۵β֮ϳһ֮Ŀֲơ
ɣ
ʹֻβʹܵľʹҲ˦ѶԷķ졣
ۣû뵽ɣҪɱɣȴ亦ʳ̫߿ˣǵɱ˱ɣˡҲΪٴ½Ϊ£ɽɵɱ㣬֪ʲô𡣡
ٺЦû뵽һ֣ȴôõʵսЧʱԷڽά֮УΣԼɱҲҪһƤ
ûɽ֮Щɽڼ۵βϻһξ룬Щ˿ڼȳüʹ
뿪۵壬ԶҲ
۵ʮΣֻܹʼʩв
ߣɷֻһʱ嶯뱾ֻһξѣΪһߣҪġΣֻһɵһŮ˶ѣ˭۸ɻΪ𡣵ǣвͷһʮִ뷨ʵ˵вɣһãֻĴΪ鷳
˵ûбֳ˿ĶŮ鳤ȻȴǰԼΨܵ˿˺
뵽ʱںüԽˣڿҶΨɽڸ
ã۲̾һҲ۴ˡԭļƻǾԲӦɱģǣ˭֪ȴñ˱ɱ֮⡣磬ۺ̸һʽס㽫ɽγ۸֪뿪Ͻ磬㷵ɽ磬Σ
аϲȴ޶ԣֻ˵ףҲδزɴӦЩ飬㣬ϣʵش𣬷֪еĺ
ٴ֪̾ʲôʰɣ
ô֪
ǿеļʵ
Ԫɵ۵ŮˣʮԪɵѣ˵ô֪ܲأ
Ļش۽ֳһĨаЦ⡣
ԣ͵һеı˲ƺӾһ㣬һʰû뵽˵ϢȻǿѨ硣
ԪɵЩţʱӼ۵Ŀеõ֤ӿһݵĪʹ
˭ҲжôǿΪֻҪһţһ߾ȫɱ
аԷģ޾ķŭʼ֮С
ôʶģ
ǿеıʹʵ
۾Ͳ֪ˡһ飬۾֪ǾǣԪɵһӡҲ֪⺢˭ǣԪɵ׿ڶԱ˵
ƽ˵
ͬһ㣬ϢʱеķŭϲǿķŭȻҲڵס
ɱ͸ŷɢǿɱ˵ĿֲǼҲоŨŨĿ־壬ֿ־üۼҪץˡ


1737 ֮ŭ
ܣֻڵΪɱôܻӰ쵽ңҿڵĸ֣ôģ
м־壬ʱƣһֿ־Լ֮һ㡣
ܿ죬۵忪ʼڿвβ͵Ĳ֣ǲʮͻĿ־ڼ۵ϣӡ
ֻٵһɹѹӷ֮ɢƲʮǿ󣬿ǣ۸о֮ʱֻľĵĿ־Ѹٵӡ
䣡
۵صĴӿ䣬᲻˿ľ̳ɼȦԴҲ֮УۻǸо޷ݵĿ־塣
ΪʲôôֱƵĸоԲܰۺڵĸ֣Ҳûܵ˵Ϊ
ȫţ֮ҲսޱߵĿ־üۼҪˣʱɲ⣬ҲʼԼµĻԡ
ˣ۵ǴһͿһʱ޴飬û뵽һССĻԻɢ˿ֲơ⵽ô£ôǿƣΪֻڵΪΪζڷ֮вҳ
޾ԻޱߵĿ־˼άҲʼϣӴη˶ѡ
г׵ŭˣַķŭ֮УҲ𽥵ɥʧܿ죬屾ϵ˫Ҳ𽥳Ѫɫ
ſڵϣ޷ʱᵽŭ֮ǶôĿֲѹǿԼ֮嶼ᱻԱ
ˣֻѾˣκˣ֮ʱֲܿѹѹԹеģˣ۲ŻᾪŵĻ겻塣
˿־壬ǿ־壬۵ĴһƬհףûоȥ˼飬ǿ־
־ü۵ڵϣβʹʹзѽѽĿ־
һϢ߻ħƣһ˿ɥʧ֮ǰһ۰㡣
оϣɱԼһֱ޾ʹĥɾʱʧڷ֮С
ӴѹΪ֮һɣ㷢ֶͷϾǺ飬û뵽ԼвǻһΣһٴ˵Զ
ಣ
ıֱӳڼǰǷǿƵֱӳ˼۲õĽơ
Ͻ磬ŴͬʱܵһޱǿƣԴԼ۵ĵ
ѵǼ۵ΪͻƵۺˣ
۷׷뵽ͷ۽ٶȳ۵ĵ˲ơ
ãҪǾŴǰһǵĶ֡
д󾪣ڸܵƱƺ뵽Ĵ㡣
ӣ˽ƣŴ۾Ҫˡ

屾ʮϵĳȣڿ󣬸ǿѹˣʱļһȥ򦶼棬ôҲ벻Ȼһͷ塣
һ˵еǿ壬ߵռ룬ܴﵽ֮壬Ҳ顣
Ǻɫǰ֮壬֮壬ɫ߹ĽɫӦζŸ߹Ѫͳ
ֻһۣŵĻҵĲôû뵽һͷ߹壬ζԼ޷ֲĴвü۵ҲʼҵĲˡ
У֪ʧȥǵ״̬УҪһ˿ǣǣãȴûеõӦ
ڿУޱߵŭʼԶɢŭԶһƸΪ£𾪵գǾŴҲԾѡ
ʥˣ
ڵԴģʱиû˿ķ뷨ΪһͷǿʱҲʧȥԭе塣
𣡡
ͻȻ·һŭϽ磬˷׷׾ֵİǿ֮

ۿпһѪҺĺУ۱ĿѪҺʱıǰԵ˵Сͬϡ
ŴۺܿϵˣǣЩȴǲҽӽ֮ڣ֮ͣЩ۱ǰĽɫˡ
屾˽ֵĴ˵ٳ磬һ֣ضɷ֮ƣʱŴ۷һͷǿ徹ȻϽ֮У־ݵġ
ۻͷһԶľŴۣ֪Щ۲ǰԼΪӴλѹ£Ϊﵽۺڵĸ֣Ҳ޷ǿֲƣԣŴ۳֮⣬ѡ
屾ֵĿ£һͷŭ壬ǿԿͬе־塣
Ȼǿµ壬Ͻ֮أôܻ壬⵽ô£˭Իشۣ
ۻۣϵʵ
㿴ңҿ㣬˭Ҳ˵
ǰ֪ж˽ڽڣ֮һǷɷɵ۵ŮһǸߣ˵ΪֱΪڣ޽ɺڡ


1738 ֮
۹Ļش
С˵ҪߵǳѵǶ֮һʵЩܣôܻӵ屾أοǿǿ屾壬Ӧòǡ
취ҡͷ˵ĵ׸Ը˵顣
һԣһ֮ܿУм۽¶ŭ֮ɫǺų֮׵ۣ죡
ԺڵҲƺǳη취ۣҲҶ˵һ仰
¶磬壬ʵͷȻߣԺδѲ³Ȼʱ˼ۣǾ˵ǳпɽĶ֮һ
ɷɵ۵Ů޽Ϊ߱壬ҲܶԼγвų֮ʣµıǸڵˡ
Ѹٵжϣ۽Եͷǡ
ʱ˿̣۸޷ޱȿ־ſе壬ôģ޷öԷشһ仰ȣǲʵ顣
ǽӵ߱壬һ뷶ΧڣӵоΪҲδؿڶԷӴսֱܵĿ־Ҳʧȥȫս⣬ˣܴ塣
зԽо֣ʱкڲѣпܣԼύԷһõ飬Լ̰ģ鷢޿صĵزʵ̫ˡ
ڿУƻǿţȴһ仰Ҳ˵Ѫɫ˫żۡ
ܿ죬Ŵɵ۷׷׸ܵ˿дĿֲѹѹǿ󣬿ƼΪԵκӵ屾бܵη塣
˺ɣ
ˡ
ǰΣڵϦѵҵȾĿɱѵҵȲʲô𣿡
Щס˵뼲۽ãʱǲԸ⿴ŹҶ
ۣСӱ죡㵨ǰھͻɱ㡣
۵ȵݺݵĵһۣ۱һ㻹˵ȴҲҵˣΪǲԼǵĶ
С˵е֣ɱҵֵܣҵʲôʵ̫ˡҵһ룬ûа취¼ۡ
Ȼ˵Ϊ֮ףǲܲŲˣ½Ӱ쵽Լ
ۣˡֱԡϮ˾¡ϲԵ޹ʵĹۣӦöܵɢķŭˡΪʲô˵ķŭ۲ǼûаĹϵҲ˵ҵӦŪȥչһж
۴˵˽ԲҺӣҲɵͷ˵
Ҫȥ̸סֻµǻûʱѾˡ
֮һĵڷˡ
Ҳ֮һ˵ĻȻҲһķ˵۵֧Ӫȼۡ
λǰѾǰϽ磬עֻɱһˣһ뽫ʮϤɱҵȴʱŽһ£յĽֻбơŴŽһʱԷͷ壬Σҵȶܴ˴ÿһӪȼۣŽһ´ͷ壬ʱ˵ҷʮͳε򡣡
˵׼սɣ޲̱һۡ
ۣȫûӰɣΪͬһһоˣ̫СˣǸ嵥ƾѹüڵأ޷֮ҵ֣ѵܴͷⲻܣǿ߲սʤģͷȻڣҵ˭аմκ֮ʱʱߣֻ·һǱһпĻ
ԣΪҵȾԲΪһԡˣֻܹ˲ǵˡҵӦѺദҲķŭƽϢ֮󣬲ṥҵȡ
취һ˵жʮֲ
ɷҲ취쵰Ǹ۲۵ĵС˼ۣǲܱԭµĳ衣
۷ŭĺ
ߣ
һŹԹԵı졣
裬Ƕ˵ƺȫͬŰŽ壬취Ͷ塣˭Ŀ
ҲЩգϾʮˣʲô飬֧־˷ԣʱ¹Щһﻹ޷ͳһ
˷׷ױֳĬҲɿЦи飬սȥ壬˰ҵϣսʤ壬Ȼһչ׵ĴǲĶ֣ҵȾ̳ˡλôãû˷ԣˡ
۸˷ԵĻᣬۣսģǾսǰȥ̽ʵۣ㸺ȳۡ˰ʱ֧Ԯۡ

оһٸԸ⣬ȴҲʱΥ´
кڲѣԼڲͬѣ˭֪ȻȥԿ壬õеѹ޴


1739 ʮ
õƵǣȻûԸԼһȥսҪӪȼ۵⣬۲òһ˳ȥͷ塣
Ѿ˼ȷŭУתı֧壬屾崦ڿŭ֮Уֻ¡
ھսţΪԼʱȻжԼķ򴦷
˫ͻȻ˶ǰۣеǶнһս
Խӽ֮ʱͬʱܵǿϢϢöбܵľ֣Ȼ֮㲻Ҽǰ
ǶˣҪ޳ܵӱ𣿡
ĺȵһ˲˶˲òǰ
ಣ
ͬʱǰȥֻɳǧɲ㷢˲Ծ֮ԶԷǿϢѹֻµȵԼɵԷİɷΧʱû˿սˣʱֻƾԷɱ
Ϊۻͷ壬Լ˿Ծ˵Ļᡣ
ǣ۷ɽǧ֮ʱȻǵ۾ȻͷȥˣĻ
ȻһǿޱȵϢɿдϢһ֣۵־Ļԭеս˲ɢ

˿ķŭ۷Լ徹Ȼɼĳ·׹䣬غǱ仯˱̬
һнԲҪģǣΪ屾ܸܵϢˣϢ£п־ޱȣԽԽǿĿ־У۷ԼѾ޷뿪˵ˡ
еʲôûֻһѣ۱־˵ϣƬҫâ
Ǹ쵰ȻӣһΣ֮С
зŭޱȣתͷһȴѾ˻ȥ
ۣСôѣ
ȷѣָŵۺ
ߣ۲ֻ̰ǲĲ׵ġҲˣСӷӦ̫ѾԷסˣվмʱѶһǵѡҲˣǵʵҲһ֡ңٷɽ˶ԷǧɷΧڣۣҷɵǧɷΧ𣿡
ΪԼ
ҡҡͷԼشԷǾļԼӦᱻԷЦΪСԼӦˣҪð޴ķա
߽ԲҪˣѡ˳ĬӦԣۣۺڵĸ֡
а۽ƻѣҲΪԼһ۵ʵһ¡
ӻΪοһ⣬ļһʲô뷨
۲ɫʵ
ͷ̫ǿˣϢͿҵȺ޻֮Ϊֲġҵȵʵ֮ϣȴҵֵܵġҲ˵޳취۵뷨ǸͶȷѡ񡣡
ۺܿı뷨ս߱ΪߣһҲû˿֮ɫ
۲Ͷ
˵
кΣʲô飬ʮ۵δͳһҲԼϴʮΪѡ
Ͷɱҵɽ磿
ۿ˵
ʱеͻȻΪα壬ǿֲϢҲʼʧ·ļ۾ϲ˿С
˯һ㣬ʱЩԻղŵ׷ʲô·жۣǰаۺвɴ󾪡
ղŵ׷ʲôҼǵԼʮֵķŭȻͲˡļۣȻ͸¶˷ŭϢ
нĻָǣ㻹Ƿŭȴܹˣܿ콫Ƿŭ
ɻޱȣȻоľģᣬ͵һ˦βǷ㱻˦˳ȥ
죬ʱΪɱ
۴ȵһȻ˲ƣ׼һɱ
򲻿ɣ
۾ȫҪֹۣȴǱķԼΪҪ࣬̽鲻۵˲ƹ켣
Σͷ֪޴ӣɫȫӲԷĹ
Ϊʲô
۵ǰɴȻȴûչΪѼֹĻ
ɱʮ۱ɣοҲһɱ
֪츳ǿǸ߹һԱ˭ɱܷıۿɲ峹׵Ľ
ԣ۲˳Ĭ֮Уô벻赲ԼɱĻѼۣԷղչֵʵôĿֲڳֻº
עŶˣѾµղŷĴ飬ʱʮ۽ڸԼ֮УҲ޷סʮ۵Ľ
Ķţʱ˴ͬʱǷɹȥݼۡ
ʮһأվһƣӰ쵽ľǴʱʮۣû˿ſա
۽̬ӵĶʱα̬£ΪڣӢʮʱҲû˿Ŀ־֮ɫ
ǸղǸ壿
ڿʵ
ţ
ͷҲڿԼ׸ʲô̬ʮۣǹǲԲǸ߸ϵλ̬ȣ
ҲŻٵѹչֵʱ۵Ҳ׼˵أʱαҲұֵ̫
ۣӭǰϽ硣
һڹЦһҲûб¶κεС֮ġ
ۣ
æֻ񣬲ûΪһήԼԼԲǺ¡
Ǻǣ۸һϽʮۡ
΢Цţʼ۽ܣ󽫾ŴһһܸҲʱͷ
򼲷ʱ۲ɿЦλǼۣǲ໥İʣΪλڴ˵طۣԶǿͣ˵ĵδ͵ģ۲²⣬ȻѣѺ˷ŭǲǸøҵһͣ
аۣȻΪʮ֮ףҲһģƺʾԼˣԼֶֺΪأЩޣֻҪвǣԺеʱ䱨
һǻıԵܵö̬Ҳ˱仯ҲһֱܵĿ־壬ֿ־˵壬ȴиٹ̡
ǰһжµĴѺ޹ϵ֪ǰΪߣȴӵжˣ̰⣬Ԫɵ۵棬Ҫɱ˶ᱦǣѷΪڣΪ̰Ϊ˵۳ڡڴ֮ѻ壬¾͸ֵĶˣֻѵı壬˿ս⣬飬ֻѾˡ
۳ֿĻڹһĿЦɼʱȻ£иǺڲѡ
ԣ۶ʱĴ¾ԭǼǶԷѹֶԷɢ˿ֲľŭ
ԣаϢ̽鼲۵ΪֹȻֻ۳ڣԲ顣
ڵĸ֣ȻܸڵˣҲ̫˼ˣ츳ˣԺΪΪֲȻ֮ΪС
аȻҲʱα֮ʱ֮ɱֻ۵ϸеķգһɱԷζŽ¿ֲǿСɱҲȷ᲻Ϊ˵ǿ壬в
ۣϹۣȻȡѵķǱ֪Ȼ㷳ѡ˵ƽ£򣬱۶ɱΪֻع
ŭĶż˵
ǣµĴѾ֪ˡ
۲ϵĵͷСⲻǡ
ߣѿͷѿϲԭ㣬ǾͿĳˡ
Ѿȷùϵںôü¡
֪ԼȻھһ֮УĹͷһߵǸһ߿Լ
һĻеûа㶯ݣΪ⼲ΪȣҲһϴӦ顣
ļۣɱڡӦԭ𣿲ΪԼлΪڣνʲô򣬱ʲôһȻɺޣɱϾȫҵΪ
дӶţŴ۵棬ҲвСѹԼ飬ҲԼɱ֮
ߣ
һȥǼۣһĻۿͷ𣬱Ͼ뼲۽ãôļһڵأ
ѣĪҪҪ㲻ֻڵΪҪ̫򣬺ߺߣ
۵ʮֲõ˵оɢɱ⡣
¶Ц֪úǳۣͨ̽һǣֻǿЦҡҡͷû˵
ۣһ鲻һûзԣҲųĬ򲻾ͬ
ԣаãԼҪֻ踺أ򣬸û˿Ļᣬֵ۱Ǻ⣬ȴԼڸΪľ֮С
ۣ˵һжҵĴңҲҸõܵ顣޹أ벻Ҫ֡
۵˵
۽˵ı龡۵ףûֹԼǼ˵ʲô뱾޹أǱ۵ֵܣֵܱ۸ˣֵܵѵʲôѣԭ¼ۣ򣬱ۿɲ񼲷Ƣ

֪Էһģв֮ԣɷЦЦʮивͬ⡣
Цʲôѵ˵ĻôЦ
ɫˬʵ
Ц̫׳ˣΪ۳ͷȴǲñα̬²һΪɱ˱ɣ
ķʵ
ѵǣ
д󾪣˷ŭ
һۣҲоŴۣѵΪǴʯͷĳģ
Ȼ˵ⷬʵ˵ġ
㵱Ȼʯͷĳġ
ЩãȻĻش
ߣӵи߹ݣԲǶһˡÿɱɣǲԣɵǲ֮˻İצ¡ɱ˱ɣҲ赣û˱𡣡
˵мУ޵вʮۣһ㣬ڳһ֮⡣
֮ˣΪλ˼磬һ·ŷɽ磿ⲻϳ
۾ʵеɱȻ
֮У壬ʵǿޱȣǿԼȥ󣬵ȻҪһǿ壬Ҫʱ̫ˣСӡ˼䣬һµʽʱ䣬˵ҲδضֻҪ֪֮ˣһһˣ㹻ˡ
ЩԺ˵Щߵı壬ûɲԺ
ʮۣڽޱȣΪǰǻӵ˵֧֣Ǿ̫ǿˣʮҲжôǿ
ʮĿ⿴ԶһһѾʼܷ顣
ǿ壬Կ԰磬ֲܹĹϵҲлͻĿǰΪΪԽǿߡ
мˣȴû˿ı¶ϾѾϳɾǿˣôܻ׵öԷĵĲأ
ߣ۲ŲЩ֮ѾǸˣ̽ĵǸ򣬱ۿɻ嶯ġ
۶ĻرȤϾǿȴֻڵΪΪԼоǸߣвǿߣʮֲм
ۣ죡ڣ̸ֵǸ򣬱ֱ۲ֵɱ㡣
֪Լ¶ϵʱˣۡ
۵о˾޴ѹۺڵĸʱھԵ֮Уˣ˵ȫƽĽ
ǰô
۲ʵ

һȻ۵ǰһֻ͵ץסͷۻûüӦ֮ʱѾһȭ۵ؿ֮
һƵײ۵ͬɳɳڿʱѾѪҺۺڸֵĽ빥Ȼôܵġ
ʱ۷ԼۺڵĲಢǱϵô򵥣Ҳ϶ԻﲻԵƣۺڵĸ֣Ǻʤ㣬ǳпܱԷһɱ
۵ڿҪվȣȴǱˤ棬Ϊ۵һȭô򵥵ġ
ǰ벻ҪΪۣΪ˰£ǰ顣
æȰ
㵨ɱ֮ģȻֻû̬ǾñΪֽѵһֵ֪ĺ
Ȼ˵ͬһȭ򼲷ۡ
ﻹҵֵܣȴҲ֪ǲܵģֻĳܶԷһȭ֮
ڼѪ׹֮ȻûзŹٴηֱȫԡѪ㱻ۻ
Ȼ֣ﵱҲҪΪֳһж
ҲˣһѾһ˼֮ϣʱ򣬷Ҳɵܿı̬ȡ
Ϊֳôɱ˱ۣ
۰Լ̫ȥǼۡ
һĻۿĿɿڴûü˵ʲôȴԼвëȻ
ʲô۵ģ뼲һġ
ָЦ֮Ź۵Ļᡣ
ȻʾãôҲͲҪ̫ˣʧǱֱӿ˵Ĭ˵ʾá
ԣҲ̫ʶ̧ˣõѵһ
ȳ֣ĿıΪ˲ȡĺøУȿֺǣ۲ҽеĳ۵Ľѵ
ʣµۣҲȺŹ۵УҲĴΪ
ಣ
㱻˳ʱƺھУ˿ʮۺиǾѡ
ΣҲûϵⷬʮǲǷˣôֺأ
һ󣬰㷢ԼǰʦΪмֱǰ׳յΪаø֪ĸϢǧҪΪС
öۣʱȴһȺŹ˵ĳֿɾԲᣬˣǶۼˡ
ϵսѾȫ٣ǱرΣӢѾ͵ͬͷһ㣬ѪԵҲѡ
ڼۣȻ˹ȥȻ֮Ҳܵ˾޴Ӱ죬ŵ˹ȥȫ£һĵط첲۶ϣһֻʣһ롣
Щһֿɺܺݣʵ̫ˣǸ׳ҪΪ۳ͷñǼۣ㱻ɱҲǻá
֪Լӵ屾壬ֻˣһΣǼΪǿԼġ
żΪߵĶˣ֪ôңҲˣǵɣ
ۣһһı㣬ˣһνѵˣǳͳһû˻۵Ǵġ


1740 
֣㲻ҵȱֵ֮ƣɷ񣿡
΢Ц˵ԼС
ܽύ֣ҲʮԸ⡣ֻǣλΪǿ󣬱ǰ뱾ֵƣռλˡ
Ц˵ҪĿҲǲٵģ򣬶Է˻Լ°
̫ˡȻֲҵȣǾôˡ
۴ŹЦ
һҲȻˣ˼λԼҪͼࡣ
֣δֶᡣ
Цʵ
һۻԲѵļۣһΣƺԶԶԼùĶ࣬Ϊˣʧȥ۵֧֣ʱǻԲѣԼС
ʱ۵ĲֹкίΪ˼۳ͷѣ˭֪أ֪۾Բô޴顣
ۣпɷ񲻷
ʵ
һ˿ԥ֮ɫķڷָ̧֣¡
ΪֵܳͷֵóƵ顣ǣҪ֪˷ǱǼۡɸյϽ磬Ǽ۱ԱɺҪɱ˱ɣȡñɲƴ𣿡
˵
Ӧã
û˿ԥаԺڣ⼲̫ˣԼҲһҪΪͷ
Ȼӵ㹻ʵʱȴûɱ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ʵ֪ʱΪ֮ʱɥʧʶɱ˼ۣʱһ˵ֻΪ˻еĲ֮⡣
ԭˣ漲۶лֲɱ֮
۶ʱı˶뷨ԭлɱۣȴûг֣ԼʱûɱһԱȣľòˡ
УαҲĶ֣ȴҲ׿ɱģţԡ
˵
ţ
ϰԵĵͷΪԷһͨ
ʱԻΪһ㣬㻹֪ɣԣһһĶϱɣɡһҪףƾ豾ɵ츳ò˶ñᳬΪɻﵽΪʱڱɵǰҲͬϡȻϱʲô뱾ɱȽϣʲôʵΪ۳ͷ
ѭ򽥽ܿķڷͬڸϴһ㣬Ҳֶ֤Ρ
ۣһΣͲ׷ˣٸǱɣɱ⣡
ĺȵΪδﵽɵ֮ϵȴΧۡ
ۺܿˣʱоĵʹе۶ĶԼ
ۣε֣ʵ̫ˣɱ㣬Ҳֻܹܡ
۶ż˵һѾƫ̻ˡ
ۣҲô˵ң
ֻתû뵽ԼһŴ۵ļӣԼ۶ԣһʹĴ
ֵۣһȻעǱۣһҲ޷ӻ㡣
̾ϾǼʶһʱѣлЩĲ̵ġ
ۣҲ̫죬ǣҲ侮ʯʶһףһ·ߺá
۹˵
۷׷뼲˵ͺñ𣬶Цĵͷ֪ɣ鶼ûС
ɣ˭ҪҵҲ
ѾŴӵվȻȭλۣˣ
ڴʱڿ˵ۣ㷸´Ѿõһĳͷɲ֮лںޣܿѣһΣɾͲ׷ˡ㻹ʮ֮һ´ٸҶԱͼı죬Բ˿ᣬ𣿡
ԭѾˮʱȴϣȸмּͨڵأлǰ֮ûٴΥǰ˼Υ׺䣡
۳ΪǰѾ׷ҲûǰЩ⣬ʱļۣһԽ֮ףԣҲ˾޴ĸı䡣
̫ˣִ˴ļ粻ȫ۵֮⡣
ۼף۵ĻԽ
̶ʱ䣬ٲ˼ص֧֣Ҳоѡ
ȣѣһݣ
ϵ˵
ҵһݣ
ŴҲ׷һҵ
λˣҵ
ȭ
һԵİ㾪Ӷô벻Щʵǿޱȵ۾Ȼֵܣֱ̫˾÷˼ˡ
λӴԺ󣬱۽һ֮հλһ׷֡
¶˵˻һ޲ͷͬ⣬һܿɹûгַ
ãȻλ˸ӣǱɶ˸λһ񣬶˸λ
ȭ˵ȻЩҪԼ£Ǿͺ¡
ۺڣڣһ۳ڣʮ۵ʵƺݺɽ硣
аɸ̾˴֮ջСΪջǿ
֮۵Ĺ֮Уʮͬؼǰֻһ̱оڵӣð˹ܵ
ȴ޾ɫڵѾȫĿʼУֻڷӣԶԶҪࡣ
һᣬֻʣۣ׷£Աչ
óؼЩƿǶ꣬һȡûñ㱻˺ȸ⡣
˺˲٣ƾ֮󣬶Ҳŵǡ
ֻ֮ʣʱȴ¶֮ɫЦֺþ츳֮ǿֵѣ
ֿˣҲѾʤˡ
ǫ˵֪֮ṩȴûṩκξơ
òٺӦǱצɵƵ֮ͬֻƵĸζ
֪ԼѾˣȫУƵʵ̫ԵҲЩ֮С
ĪҪǫ飬лиõļһֱʮ֮ãδȹ֣ʵ̫˷ܣһðɣ
˵һӣһӵıɫС̳ϣ̳Ĳʮ⣬Ҳδ
֪˾ƺ
Цʵ֪۵ΪƳľƶȻ
˾ƺųƣǲϹµ䷽дﵽΪ󣬾һֱ˾ƣһֱˣ˾ƱȷƵľҪǿ࣬ǲţһھ֪ǳ
Ժ˵Դ˾żĸ顣
𣬶֪֮пԢ⣬Ըꡣ
Ųæ˵Ѿ³лҪ˵
΢΢һЦȻŶǾ̳ԼΪص˵Ϲ۴ƷĿΪ˿ΪҪƴ˾ƣҪǿΪҲҪ˵츳Ҫǿ־Ϊ˾ƣѰ䷽еĲϣҾͺķһʱ䡣Щ䷽ҪԸ汦Ϊвǣ꺮۵֮壬ȵȣ֮Щ䷽Ĳ̫ѰˣҪƴ˾ƣҪơ䷽Ѿ˾֮á
аľҲ˵ٺķʮʱƴ˾ƣôʱôһ̳ƣҲͲΪˡ
˾ΪƣһԵɡϹ䷽ԣƶ̳ƣ֮󣬿ۺڵֱ磬ԳԽ۵ľʵΪˣҲŽ߾ȫƴ˾ƣһֻ̳֣ҪŬڶ̳ҲվƶʱҲ񡣡
ۻǲ˿˵֮ɫ
Ϲ䷽ӦԲ飬ֻҪȥҲָտɴ

ˣֺαΪ˿աģ䷽ѾģǣƳһ̳֮䷽֮ȴһЩ˵Щ˵ֹ졣
ҡҡͷ˫üšһţƺΪ֮¡
ʲô˵һĪչ
ɻʵ
дǹƳһ̳ƣˣ뾡ơϹƳ䷽պ¶̳ƺȴǷǵûȴΪʱ䶯һʱ顣֣ҵ֪ϢܲһĪչ𣿡
ۿЦȻ˵ַģƲûжԺȹһ֮ΪǣκβӦΪǱƣΪȻһۺڵĸ֣Ȼľ磬ڶͷ
ĪҪżӦ侲ҪäĿţҲҪ˶Ƿϡֲ⣬ҵԸ̽һ
ɫ˵Ѿ뷨Ҳ
ּȿϰУ֮֮£
ۼ˵
һƵƣһ뱱צƵûʲô֮أ
߽ǴﵽۼΪƵƷͬǣڵͻΪڴﵽɵ֮Ϊۺڵ׼ģ¶̳Ʊп
ĬĬϣæȴûбϣϾϣԽҲζʧԽ
Ҳ֪ûУ֮󣬹ķʽԸ𣿡
һʣ۵ʼձһ˿ϣΪԷݾʱ
֣˵飿
ɫʵ
к֣֪ܶ˵һ֣
ЦŻش
˴ӱצɵжȡ飬ֱӳ۵ǰҲȡ
۶۲һȻУܿľ͸֮ܵаһɲ̫ǿ
ִ֪Ӻδô飿
ʵ
һɵжģԼƵġ
Ц
ŶԭˡʵΪµôĴ󣬲Ϊﵽ֮𲻵ˡĿǰΪǿҲĿǰΪ
ʵ˵
Ϊ֮ͬǵۼƶɣӵΪĹЧ鲢ܱ֤Ϊ˽ɵܱ֤֮ͬȻǶԴϣ
˵жҲ˶ص뷨
֮
͵ЩԻ󣬲֪Ҫʲô˼
ûв´ʵƣλϹ֮ڷƺûнΪʵ̫̰ˡһֱӺ̳ƣ޷̺Ӵ˲Żڽ֮ǰ䡣ˣֵķʵޱҪֻҪֲҪ̫̰ģѭ򽥽ʹƣʱ޷ΪҲǡ
˵ⷬ۵͵һû뵽ô򵥵⣬Լȴδ
۷ԼһĴʵ̫Ϲ֮ˣΪԼʧܣΪȻеķա
ǣлȻʣҲƶˡ
ϵЦԽȻˣ˴ν⿪ĽᣬȻĵĿġ
ȻֵδɣǾͼưɣʱԶ̳Ƶֶ񡣡
Ц
֣Ѿ׼һ;ˣ磬һ̳ƣ
۳ϵ˵
νķʲô˼
Щ棬ԼոһôͻȻأ
ΪϹƵƲˣҾһ˳Ȼſľ󣬻ԺаȻ˵˾ƲһԺ꣬ҾãֿԳһðɣ
ˬʵЦ
ȻˣǾ͹ˡ
пʵȻԷͣǷ̫ϧˡ
ͻȻ˽ĶƱⱭԶһľƱҪСϲ٣ۿƣȻŵС
һƢľڿУ磬Ҳᣬһ֮£ôԾһƬѣΣǿеľҲˡ
֣˾ƣΪ֮һ޸ܵġԶǳˣ츳죬ǰȾ֮ʱѾֵ֪츳κһλۡˣֿƷһȻڴ˾̺֮޴󣬻ϣΪĪҪ̰
ѵΨ޸ܡ
֣һƣȣĸǿһ㣿
ҲźƣСѯʵúȵ޷ܣʱҲᲽϹ۵ĺ󳾣ϣȫġ
Կ䣬һƾԶԶ֮еûһһƷǧҪһںˣʮֵΣա
Ȼ˵
лѣҶС
ͷаϲһСƾͿ飬Լ֮ϣ
ƱһСں󣬵һӴ˳ź䣬е֮ȫ̺ͬΪںȫתΪΪ֪Ҫ˶ٱ
۶ԵЩţΪȷǷиԼƵơ
ڵѾԼ״̬УǹһΪգһֱǺڰؼգһֱӱա
޵ķʽעҪѰȴܽµľ磬ҪķΪǿΪصһ㣬ˣͼֲ֮ϡ
֣û°ɣ
ԼҲƷһڣ̫ӴҲһϾԼۺڵΪһڣҲоЩʤκĸо
οԷڵΪأ֪ԼƵ̺ȴҲû뵽˰ԵѹϹ޷ܱ
һоѾ׼պһơ
ִɷģû£
Ц˵ȻץסССƱֱһ
򲻿ɣ
۾û뵽Ȼ³çȻһںȹһƣΪԳƵǿ
ԼҲãοΪֻڵأˣһģΨᱬԼһķ
֮ƣΪ򣬺ڽԼѾǧƵƸá
һǣһεΪֲǺֱӳܲסǣϵĻΪ֮塣
ʹ֮ǿԳеӴһΣ󲿷ֵǿķΪ򲢲ԡ
Ϊǿ壬ȻֱӺһƣֻΪܿҪˣﵽڣɵ֮ҲǷǳпܵġ
۵ɴ۾˵ܵı֮оȻֱܵĿ־塣
Ѿʮˣγɵ֮зڶٶҲľˡ
һʱѾα壬ɻһƣΪȴƺûԵı仯ȻڵΪ
ԶԶûôǿ󣬲Ҳ֮ʹˡ


1741 Ĵ˵
аȻֱӽһ£鲻ԽľԷڵƺۺڵ߻Ҫ̬
Ƿ㣡츳̫̬ˡ
۲òǰʵҲᶨ׷
̺֮ԶԶղһƣ΢ЩССʧ䣬ϾΪ˵õ飬ԼǺķ˲ٹǱצɵ۵ı岻ɳǣֻ¸ûлȡ顣
Ѿǧ飬ڸͬʱ־ȫ֮е޷ԼڽڣЩڵˣôƾɵ֮أ
ĪǣҪҪҪࣿ
뵽ֿܣ¶һĨɬЦ⣬Լ츳谭Լٶȣƺ츳ԽǿԽԭ
Ȼʧá
ڸоҪܽͬʱҲĸһӣںķ˴ǿķ󣬾ǱצɵۣҲƾǿڲ֮أԼԽɵʱһЩʤ㡣
ʮЩڵĸ֣ҲԼ޵ֿıɱˣܼǿķʮΪ֮ġ
ȷ޷ԼΪ󣬺ԥĽǿԼ壬̲ӣֻҪЩԶһˣҿ϶Լе츳һߣƺ޷ķ
֣˾ƣ˺һ󣬱Щղܡ
޵˵֮ǻơ
ۺٵĽ뻳У龹ȻԵЩţ˵֣СʵڵףʮŬҲôһС̳һһʣ֮Ҳˡԣǻʹǲ绻ưɣ
û뵽۵ķӦôǿңƿһۣ뻻ԼͲ˷ƣԶԣѾʮֵĴˡ
ǣΪʲôҪԼأ£ô򵥰ɣΪɣԷȫķʽ£Լն
ȻֲԸ⣬Ҳǿ󡣡
Ц˵˫۶ƣжǿжȡ뷨ˣȻҲֻˣһΪԷۺڵĶ֣Էֵܣô˼ǿжȡ
ʮֵľȣôû뵽ڵԼҪһɾƶû˿⡣
ǺһڣҲоӯԼǺһʮа˾Ҫչ֮е
ʵڶЩƾ̳ƱܻشһЩ⣬ɻ󣬾㽫̳֣ҲĸԸ
۶˫ۣͻȻ¶һĨصЦ⡣
ܵľ裬תһ룬ԼֻڵΪѣԷʲôͼı˸ȤģֻԼ屾ݶѡ
ܻ̳ƣұ֤ɵ֮˷ǳϣȻԸ⿪Էеɻ
⣬֮ԣ֪ؽ֪޲ԣ޲֪
Ȼ˵¶ǵĹâ⣬ϲް鲨ļ
ǿľƺΪزΪ֮ˣϾȻ¶˼
۰ԸпǾŴۣȴҲֵľ֮ʱ
ҴһͿʼ̣ʦĹ£ҴС룬һ죬⽫һĽھŬڴﵽۺڵΪǣ֮ΪȴһֱͣͲǰҲδһˣֻڵ伮봫˵˵ķɣǻɣ񵽵ǲǴڵġ壬Ǳ½ȴǿ˵֧֡ԣʣǴڵ𣿡
ص˵ƺѾܾˡ
ԣЦЦǲΪԼһӣ˵񣬾ˣԼǰҲšɺԼڰؼߣԼҲܻڵġ
Ȼʱ˿̣ǷǳȷһڵģֻħϵУʵݱ˴˵
ţ
˵ĵͷȷͻȻɢȵľâ
ݣҲ˰˳ţҲɼǹĴڣԼһ룬ܵ
Ϊ˿϶ʲôԭĴڣ
Ȼʵõһ֤򣬵ƾţȻȱ֤Ĵڡ
ֿ֪˵սȣ
΢΢Ц
սȣǸ˵ս޲ʤһϹ۵ĵ伮п˵Ҳһųһ𡣡
۵ͷ˵Ѿ²˵ֻк⡣
ѵ
ѿʵʳȥȴҡͷЦǿˣԷôܻأ
ţȻ
¶һĨصЦ⣬΢΢Ƴһƣпһ㲻ʮԼơ


1742 
ʲô㾹Ȼս񣿡
ۻȻ϶ˣΪϢĵҲĴˡ
ֵֹܣϵرõֵܡ
ﲻݣ˻һּ£˶ԵЩĲ
ãڳ̾һ̫ˣĴڣٻϣġ֣һֱ֮·ҲǷԣڶЩãˡսָһңҾ͸ˡ
ǲܣսҲСйָ֮ˡڻ򻹼һˣҲһЩָ㣬ȻҲһǿߣҿɲұָ֤ܷ㡣
ΪԼ֪ںηôӦ۵Ҫأ
ͷΪŻ˴ʱȥһԣһ˼󣬻ǲò뷨
Щôָܻҡһȥָһ𣿲Ӧòᡣ
ۿЦҡҡͷȻٴִ֪½絽ΪˣӦñʱҪɣ
£һ治ǵˣôҲһٶˡ
شԼûֱ괩ڸλ棬չأ֪ϦǺ꣡
һٶꣿ
һμվŵĶ¶ʮѿĿЦвţȴֲòţΪԷʵûҪΪʱԼǰѡ
ţ
ͷҲμԯ츳ԼƺҲûʲôþġ
ðɣҡķ㣡һٶΪ츳޽УҴûм츳߰
۸볤̾
лֿ佱֪лʲôɻ󣿡
Ŀ˿ơ
һ˲ָ˳̬ٺЦҪõ̳ƣҲʲô¡ȻǶλǿ޷ָңôֻһˣֳָ֮ҳִӦ̳ƾֵˡ
ڻȡδ۹Ȼ˼ԶǡаԼܷҲһ㲻ȷοԼܰҲ
ǵ˵ǱǿĴڣ˵Ҫص壬һرɡȻҳ񣬵ȵҳ֮ȻҪ񣬵Ҳʲô¡
зԼĿǰΪҪ½һ߳ɣƺҲʲô£һ룬ҲȷԼʵӦԷ
ãҴӦ㣡ǰ񣬵ʱһҲ񡣡
Ȼ˵
ɽ
д죬̳ʣµҲЩҪƶ֮Уһ󣬷ԼΪȻ޷֮֮С
䣡
һûн֮䣬ܵһǿʶɣһƬѣΣ̷ִ㣬Ҳܸصĺ
֣㲻Ҫ뽫֮뷨УڵʶʵЩΪѡ
ѵ
ֿɷ⿪֮ϵʶҲý֮棬ܱ̳ܲƵưɣ
Ц
֪ͽ֮ϵʶ㻹޷֮뷨֮УΪǿ壬֮и˸ǿľֲԸ㱣ƣֻҪҪ֮̽
ЦŽ͵
лֵĺ⣬벻ˣȻˣҽͽ̳ȫˡ
ˣƾԼ츳Ҳһ޷һ̳ơ
ĿɿڴȴҲ֪츳ˣ˵ֿһԣһȰ֣¾ΪɣĪ֮ܲᷴ亦
ףһֱСֲصġ
ŵĻش
ãҺⱭƺҲҪչˡַģѾҲ˾ؽƣŴҲɴ롣ãҪչˡ
һʼϥƵӴ
Ǹ޵׶һǼǿķ֮ǿ󵽿ӵۼֵĹˣҾͿԵۼʱڲ֮ء
а룬Ȼٴεһֱһ
ڶκµƣܵǰֲڣ屾ֱãα̬Ӧ޷޴
ķʮʱ䣬ŽⱭƵȫ֮Уȥûµơ
һݣ
µһʱһµʱ䣬ӦƵ֮ҲеκģһʱֱӽʣµһԺ븹С
һ̳߱һۺڸֵȫ֮ȫ븹Уܵӿȵ
۸ղ̷һ̳ƾȻһɨգһĿɿڴ
񰡣֪Ƶֲ̫ȴһԺȹ⣬Ѱ·أһİգ
ҡͷޱȵ˵
𣡡
͵ķһֲĺֻҪըһ㣬ڵԴδйٶ֮еԼƵǺڰؼҲʼԺ˵ٶ֮е
츳죬ʱ屾ֻ޷Ӵ
֮⣬ڵӴȻͬһ㣬ڰؼ߸ҪָȻٶڵЩ˲١
̳ƣеͬʱѭ򽥽ıЩƱ֮Ҳֱƣ˲ﵽһֲļޣʽͬʱ֮е
֮־ԼʶҲʼǿʶǿĹУѣθҲԽԽǿָоͬ˾һ㡣
ıڿԵЩҡҡλΣ˫ҲЩ룬³һ仰֣ƺǿƾЩκġ
ԣһ㣬ûϹԵΪ̷ƺϹ۵޷ܣֱӱѶҲΪˣϹĽ䷽ĻᶼûУѾˡ
֣סԺ񻹵ָ㣬ɱʧ
۹ո˵꣬ͻȻȻ˫ۣҲĳϣȻ˯һ㡣
Ũľ㣬ҲоЩΣǱ˵˴һ䡣
ϣƽ£ҵΪˡڴ֮ǰҵ۽һ
۳˽ƣû뵽һ˯ͬûоͷһ㣬һ꣬ʮ꣬ȥʮ꣬ں˯
ʮ۵İ£ʹ÷Խе֮תΪ֮Ȼˡ
ʮʱ⣬ݵͬһ˲䣬չΣȻϽͻԭеΪﵽڵΪ
˴޽֮ľ޴ˣֻﵽΪ󣬷׹
ʮػڹΧнܹһҪʲô飬ʮۻ̻̲ա
ÿ춼̽Ѿһϰߣһٴν󣬺ֵϵ屾徹Ȼʧˡ

۾飬ʱҲɾôҲ벻ôʧˡ
ۺڵĽƣסһڵˣʵЩСˣңΪȹۻⲼ˾ؽƣĿıΪ˷ֹ֡
ĪǣΣ
ۿʼ˵̺ʽأǺܿʧˣ֮пһˣȻû°˿ȫʧˡ
۳ƺҲž֮ɫ
ǰǰôˣ
ƼۣǱЦʵ
ӣ˯ѡ
̾һɻķȴûз˽Ƶĺۼ
Ҳ˷֮У´ǰͻˡ
۰οԼҲ۵Ļֻǳ̾һǰôôãҶѾ֮ˡܲڵɵ֮ųɣʱҪƺΪǰˡ
Σ
аÿһۣȻȥֻ°һ¶ɵɵЦ⡣


1743 
ʧ飬۱ϢڹΧ̽һȴκεķ֣вɻôͻƾʧӰ١
ڶ峿ٴνǽ֮УȴȻûг֣⵹ҲЩżˣôͻȻʧأǶˣѾ뿪˵ˣ
֪¹شǱټۣϢŴҲ׷Ŀɿڴ
ʮۿʼϽѰʮȥˣʮۻûѰҵκϢ
һ죬ͬһ۽֮Уֻȷпһˣǣȴһ˳ڴ֮ϡ

鼱֮½г֣ôû뵽ͻȻ˷ܲѡ
֣
Ц˵ȣɣ
ֵֺһ̳ƣȻţֵף
۹ЦͲ֮ǰȥ
֣øл͵һ̳ƣζʵڲҾȻˡ
ֵѾ֪ôԼƺõľ޴ô
ĪҪҸȡ裬Ƿ
˵ͬʱѾʼ̽Ϊһ̽鲻۴һû뵽ںһ̳ƺȴ˵Ľ
֣ôأΪ
۵мΪ𺳣¶ɬЦ⣬ô벻
ƺҵΪǣ֪ΪλأѵΪҵΪ̫ˣ
Щɻʵ
û뵽һ̳֮ΪȻûаĽһ¡벻ͨʵ벻ͨ
ҡͷΪ̽飬ɾȻڵΪ۵зǳʧ
ԭԤΪҲﵽڣɵ۳ڵΪ˭֪ԷΪ˯ʮﾹȻû˿ı仯۲أ
ԣаľĪ޷̽ԼʵΪԼͲڵΪˣΪ̽鲻أ
ܣƶҵЧ԰ɣʵҲû뵽Ľ֪ˣôʱһ̳ơ
˳ŶԷĻ˵ȴǰϲû뵽ƺԼܵõ˴ô
ʵϣԼѾﵽ磬ں֮ΪǣѾԤ⡣
ȻҲ޷̽ԼΪǸõϢٻԼĴӰȫ
ľ֣ش֮
ʱԼΪٲΪֵľǲõķĴݲС

ۿЦţʮϧ֪ԼͲὫˣֱ˷ѡ
֣Ҳ̾ˣҲƵڣȵһͻȻΪҲпܵġģҴӦһ
µ˵
ţˣһγ˯ʮ꣬ͬ鰵ҲѾﵽڵΪˣҲָյΪ֣Ҫץʱ䣬ȡɵ֮ҿָָ֮·
ЦǺǵ˵
ͷȻһ֮֮һӹ֮߳
ŴѾڴ֮ȴţҲΪӭȻⲻһ̾ѡ
һкѾ뿪˵ˣֻһЩûдˣڴʱ⡣
㣬ʮ̣رһ¡
Ц˵ȴǲɡ
Щʧ䣬һ뵽ʮ۵ΪʱƵͷϾԷǵۼ֣ԼֻոմﵽڣرҲֻΪΪ̫͡
ʮ۽ڴ̸֪ʲô飬֮ݣ˻һҲҵġ
λ֪Ԫɵ۵ʲôЭ飬֪Ϊʲô֮أ˭ܸң
ϣĿʵ
ʮɵ۱鲻һãǼ˵֣ҵ֮ǰƬռ䣬ΪԪ۽ˡ֪ҵȻųʮۣȴǵһǵһżȥҵ֮ءǰԪɵǱ磬֮ϵҵȡǰν۴Ԫɵ۽˺ҵȱƬռ˵أɽ֮Уȴʱͼı¡
ԪɵɽҲǿевԣǱѰѣҵͬҪǿ֧֣ռʮޡǣҵԪɵ۽ˣӦнɽΣһҵȰæɽΣʱԪ۳ŵɽƬҵȡ
ŴԣаЦԪɵ۵Ǻüı£֣ɽҲȥˣĿıҪΪɽǿɵֻۡǣ£ֶΣôȲΪʵͳɽɣ
Ͻ磬ԪɵйءǰԪɵѾ㵽ֻǰɷڣαװڷɷڣһҪɷں֮ͻƿռ½硣
֣Ԫɵ۶㲢޶⣬ֻ˵أȴûнҵҪʲô顣ˣҲʮֺ棬뿴㵽Ǻηʥǿ󷨱ж̰ҪΪͼǿжȡ
ʵʵ˵ϴſɬЦ⣬Ϊڴ֮Լ
֣ȫʵҿΪ֤
ۿ϶˵ƺɼԡ
ţԭˣѹҲںҵԪɵΪƺڰʾɱң˵ҲµĶԲԣ
ɫ˵
ҲҲԪɵɲΪɱ֣ȫԼ֣ңɵڶ࣬һ¶ǿԵģΪƫƫҪ֮أҵһǲ㶯ɱһġֻΪķ̫ǿɱ֮
ҡͷϵһҲԪɵ۵ĿĻǽ赶ɱˡ
ƺ˷룬Ҳò⼲֮۲۱ʱȴֲ۶ԵЩãֻޱ飬ƺҲ֪µġ
Ԫɵ˿ɶҵˡд磬磬ҵԼ
յ˵ȫ֪˫ϸڣʱ˵˶Щŭ
ۣҪżڴˣ㻹ʲôֻҪһ仰۵һɽˡԣ԰꣬һֻǷ񷴶Խˡ
۱ȰʵȴȲʾ
аԲˬɽ֮£ѾȥܶˣֻҪɽЩ˴ǵĵˣԼ˱ӵɽ磬һǳΰļƻ֮ǰ۰¾ɵĿꡣ
ĬţжԪɵ۵ĸʮָӵģԭЩɵ֮ҲȻŸı䣬Լ֮ҲΪԪɵۺԵķŭ
֣Ԫɵۣô
֪ʮۣ֮˵ʮ仰һ仰á
Ԫɵ˵֮ߣҲ½磬ͨļŬɣɽ̶̰ʱɵ֮ôȥˣΪӦʹﵽɵ۵Ķ塣
ɽΪ¿ɵ۵İԵ֣һԣҲʮΪֽ֮磬һšҲֻԲ²ˡ
۶Ԫɵ۵ͺΣҲ׷ľû뵽۲ûһζվһߡ
ţǡұ֪ԪɵѾﵽɵۺڣֻ֪һ˵ɷӣҲΪ֮ȣ޴֤Ԫɵ۵츳֮áԭԪɵ۲ʲôϵѾңֻһŮĪĹϵ
һڽԻȻЩԵ۷׷𾪲ѣ벻׻ʲôŮö֮ϵ
ڳ֮У֪ۣһ۾ܿǼвԼԼҲֵǰǿŭ
СĹ۲ϵı飬ȴûзκεļ֮ɫЩôͻȻʵĸı䡣
һˣΪŮ˵⣬ҲΪ֮Ϊʲôʱֵ侲ѵѾǸŮ𣿡
ֻ룬Ϊ²ԭ
żۿЦ֪˴Σ֪Ƿˣˣ⼲۵Ĵɲ
֣Բһƭ㡣
ҲɵӣᣬæЦĵǸΪԼĻں޲ѡ
˻
мȴ侲糣ֻǵżۡ
һΣһѣʵΪ˼ǷжݳԪɵ֮䣬ûкӣҹģһκˣһǸⶼҵĴϣԭҡ
ĵͷûֱ˫ۡ
ԣԭǼ˻ԣŻѹһ죬ŭԷء
ûкӣ
аϲҲɿЦҡͷû뵽Լʱǰĳ嶯ȻΪ棬ǲԭµĻ顣
ʱΪжôɶ񣬶ǾԼ֪嶯ħȴҲ֪Ϊ֮вѡ
ǣ޷粻ˣԪɵʲôϵΪʲôɽ֮Ĵ˵
ۣѾȥûɼ֪ô֪飬㻹֪Щʲôһ˵ɣ
һ˲޺֮ҲΪ֮һɡ
ǰ֮Ԫɵй֮ԵʱһŮͬԪɵҡԪɵ۽̸齻ŮŮ̸Σв²Ԫɵ۶⣬Ϊ˵ڲֻͬҪǸ˶ܿ
֮ԪɵҺȾƣǾƺ̸̸ʱȴԪɵ۳üֱ̾ǣѯԵɣԪɵŸҽ˹飬ԭ˵½ƽУԪɵἰֵ֡
ѯֵΪʱԪɵ˵δɣʱҾһ̫ЦˣһδˣƾʲôʸԪɵŮˡʱֱԲɱ֣ԪɵֻҡͷȻһĺȾơ
һԪɵۼʱôˣЦҡͷʾ⻹ӣΪþһа취Ҳ޷ġԪɵҲףһֱװһˣǾ֡ԪɵΪ֮磬飬ôҲ벻סԪɵǲҪֲ֣֮Ԫɵҡͷϣֻ˵ɱ
渵һижޱȣû뵽һֱΪԼܾԪɵ۵ʾãԼ˵ЩʲôҪ
һᣬֻּѣⲻҲΪ˳Ե˿ͷ˵ǼѣҵѺʶԣΪ⣬ˣ컯Ūˣϣԭ¼֣ҲϣֲҪԪɵۡԪɵҲΣУһľӣΪƷκ⡣
ɵҲ˵
Ŷ˵˵ԼʵޱȣԪɵҲԪɵ۵չˣȫޱȡԼҵһˡ
ţԭˣǶλһ׼ԪɵΪˡԪɵ۲ɷһɽѵԪɵҪ׷ɷӶԴû
ʵ
ûɷӿɲһŮҲﵽɵΪȻòԸȴԱꡣһΣΪ˵Ӽûֲˬƣʱҳ˶Ԫɵ۱־⣬ɲµǷɷӡǣǴսһǲ£ɴʹ֮߱𽥱Ťת
ɵ֮սΪ޼壬ʹǿķһսֱ춯أҹ
ҿɲɽһͬˣʹ˴й㽫ǷɷӴˣ𽥵ռ˳ơʱԪɵ۸ϵ׾ٵֹҵȵսƾǿɵۺѹҶֻס֡
ʵǷɷӼսȥҲռϷѣҪֳһʵףĿܱǶܾˣͬھ


1744 
ۻʱЦ⡣
ۣ֮ǰǶ˵Ƿɷ°ܽǴţŶ
ǺЦ
εЦЦشûڳŶʤģǽԲ÷ҵĶ֡
Ǻǣ˲÷ǻֱɣ
Ц˼۵ĽҪ࣬ٲ֮ǰǰ㵣Ԫɵ۵Ĺϵˡ
˿Ԫɵ۹˾ӣĵֶΣҪһΪͼŮʵڲ̫ѡ
ǰǸ;ʦ֣ǵʱʹ˱ɵķԼŮʧ䣬Ƶóѡ
֣ԪɵҵˣԪɵ۾Բֱ֮ˣԸΪԪɵ۵ַġֻҪֿڣϵԪɵۣΪֻع
ܽȻıҲòĳ⡣
ѵһҪ֮𣿵ʱֻôԼһҪƾԼʵȥҵһ죬ҪԪɵۡ
ͻȻӵǿΪΪ⽫Լݺʱ
֣鷳㽫鱣ܣмǲй¶Ԫɵ֪ҲģֻҪԪɵ۲޷̵飬ǾԲ鷳ƻ˵顣
˵
־ܷģ¹ϵһΪֱܡڳ֮ˣұ֤û˸ҽϢй¶ȥ˭й¶ϢҶͷ­֡
ۻܣϵĳŵ
Ŵ۷׷׳ŵһ˱ܵԣܿĹǣϾʮ۽ԲɵӣԼùϵǾ;ԲԼ
лλ۵ĳŵҲŵһһ˸λֵܡʱһ
֪øһô˵
ڳʮ۵룬ܹõһŵζࡣ
۱鲻һȴǸļѣ۵ҲɢԳǿҿ
л壬õõҵȵĵطܿҵȶȻǡ
۹Ҳ
æϵȻ
ڴ֮ʵ֪λ߲ʷˣ
˻һڽԳĬ¶֮ɫ
֣߲ʷǿ֮һȻ࣬ȴӵǿޱȵʵЩ嶨Զһ֮ĿǰĵһҲǰð塣˵йһξڵʱҪսʤ֮ʱͻȻֱһȺΧЩ˵˵ǿ
ԭΪһһԲǣǱһһս֮зɳһˣҷսǣУұСûиϾɱǷȥⱲĳ衣
ޱȣǿ壬߲ʷˣζŽΪĺͳ룬ȴҲԲȥǷ塣
ۿЦʱսԲ£ΪһΣԼѾƵ֮
ԭˣһӵ߲ʷ˵ı壬ڲǰɽ磬ôȥˣҲ֪ںδ֪λ֪
߲ʷˣвһ˸С
֣߲ʷ˷ɽ磬Ȿһ޴Ĵ󡣾˵֮ǰǲǱɽ磬ʱһԣἰ׹һڷ߲ʷ˺ȥɽ罫֮С
ۻȻ˵
ˣĴͺܰȫˡû뵽ĻԵҲҲأڵѾӵǿΪˡ
ϲǶŮƽ£õϢ
ֲصģ߶ȥɽ磬ΪǸѣΪ˶ǶԲҪģ岢û̫ȤưԣҲͳһˡ
۰οҲԾ̾ôзѣһΪǿ߲ʷˡ
ţԸˡҷ֮ǰҵʦԼһЩʧٲһǱɽ硣ǶҺҪұӪǡʦӣǸλ֪Ϣ֪ҡ
˵
˷׷ҡͷϾɽ飬ЩҲ̫֣Ǵδ˵
һ£ϣְѯһԪɵۣǷƽ¡
˵
۵ͷܿ뿪רѯԪɵۡ
һڿڵλֵܣ޲ɢ֮ϯһкܶҪֻλˡ
ڽ¶ᣬȴҲ֪޷һȻ̾
۷غصĵͷʾĿǰȫڷȻǴӴ˵ȥҪԪɵۡ
ԴˣЩǵģڱԪɵսֻԼΪͲĶ֡
뵥飬λرһ¡
Ц˵
΢ЦĸǣĻ۵Ļз˭Υأ
кãƺһֱܸԼӣѡҲԲͬΪʮ֮һ۶ҲżΪǿġ
һ죬ŴսԼԴܾŴ֮ս


1745 ɳĮ
֣ʲô龡֮ԣ֮䣬
ۺͰ˵
ģҪָ뿪˵صķĵ뿪˵أܿԪɵۣ֪·;
Цʵ
ɢŵĹâͻȻųЦ⣺ʶˣŴۣҲ֪һͨɷڵ;ȴ֪ͨɽһطΪ˷ֹԪɵ۱ҵȵĺ·ȻҪ뱣ܣԵ߾ȫͨ
ܺãˣǾˡһ£ǸǷɷɵ֮ŮҲпԪɵԨԴһξͲˣΪ˷ֹϢ©ڴ˵ءԸһ֮أǷɷɵ𣬾˵Ҵˡ
һ˿Ц⣬ȻԪɵߣԼҲһʣǷɷΪ˰İȫǣҲ̫ΪˣԷֹ©Ϣʵһٶá
ɲǼ뷨Ҳѣû뵽龹ȫƺһ㶼Լ
ţһֵġֻǣǲе̫ίǰˣϾһͬǰģѵֲҪϧ𣿡
̽ʵֱҲŪ밵ĹϵһͬҲϵǳ
ֿˣǰ㲢޶ٽ顣Ҿȴ𱨣һʦ֮ԣҪҷɱڡɱЩʦ֣ΪݣֻҶ޺øУ֮ǰǺɱȴΪɷӵĹϵֲò
˵أɱѾʴȵˣˣɱԾ󻼡֣һΪǿ󱳾ΪһߣԣҪƽһУⰵõˡڴˣҲûʲôչ
ǰ޽ɵΪҲȵ뿪֮ʱѾﵽɵ֮ΪǷɷɵۣҲûɺҡҲ츳ܴﵽɵ֮顣
һ۲Щڣ˯֮ʱʮ۶ǰǷǳ֮ãˣƾ츳ڶ̶ʮﵽ֮
ţַģҼסˡûԪɵ٣Ҳ޷ߡԪɵҪǿҲ޾
۰Ȼ˵
ãֵΪŴҲһֵĶ֣οһԪɵۣ
˵ȴаôô֪ԼսʤŴֵġ
Ī²ģһ۹⾹˶ܺãԽǿҲһϢ
׶ЦȻȻȥ
ɽһΪնɳĮ֮أһӰŷɳɵĸ߿գǿ񱩵ɳ֮УȻתǰС
⴦ɽ˼ɳĮǺųɽʮ֮һľɳĮռɽأᶫɽ뱱ɽָΪ
ɽ뱱ɽ磬ͨķǱܿɳĮƵɽıԵشߵɽƵУȻҲΪΪǿֱɳĮЩΪɳĮƽʬǣ˾ɳĮظС˵ѪľɳĮɳɫҲԵðޣþɳĮΪɽʮ֮һ
ۿν龫ǣ⽫֮صһھɳĮһԱ֮صԣԽɳĮʮ۽ɽ˳ɽľ֮ء
۵Ŀ˾ɳĮʮΣգҲòСͨɳĮΪأſԴɳĮ
մ֮ضݳھɳĮһصײ֮£ڱһŴӵ¶ݳܵ˾ɳĮĿֲ֮
Ҷԣ𼶱ˣҪվɳĮĿУҲЩܣΪǿ޴𼶱µˣᱻ˺塣
֮ͨɳĮĵشһ֣оԼΪҪУҲʮ֮ѣ巽˳ſУǰɽҲϧ
Ѿٵ߲ʷ˵İΣеĹ˼Ҳ࣬մʱΪΪҪԪɵЩʵģҪɵۣϼѡ
ʦӵˣɵ۵ӲӸϵɵ۵±鲼ɽ磬ˣĿǰҲҪר̸ɽ硣
һΪһѰҴ̽ӵ˵ϢΪѡ
ǻ츳ܿ㷢˾ɳĮĻɣǱֵɳĮľ޴廯ΪһƮƮӰӣ˳УǷϿջڿתǾɳĮĿ籣һ¡
һҪ̫ɳĮ˳ǰУҪڴ˵㿪ȴٶʵ̫ǿе֮ȫΪһ壬ΪǿƵĿ磬Ҳͼɿ֮еȻķɣҲòڴ˵ط뷨
ʱ֮һϤıʶвɴ󾪣ǸʶԼմ֮ݳµ
һֱתķҲ֪ɥʧˣڻصԭ֮أ޾졣
Īã
аοǿתУ־ʱЩץԼֻصԭء
ǰɣôаţ
ӿԾȻҪڿסΣ˷ĿȴӸӿΪҲܵһӰ졣
ɳĮϿ֮󣬷ΧĿӣԼĲƾķУȴֻᱻǿ紵Ķᡣ
ͬĵһ㣬Ǵ˵صɳӣҲǿѥϸϸģɿȻ޷ɲϵĿ绹ǻὫ崵ԭء
ĵشľɳĮͬһɴһ㣬ԴԴɱнֹκ˵ȥѹԼԴɳĮ
аԼʵΪصҲԼԵƾαɳĮҲ֮顣
ɳĮĵشǽάȣԭأҲҪΧǿĲϮҲᵼĲҪڴ˵زȴʮѡ
ǿסΣ۲һִϵ£ͬһĻ޴ɱ󣬸ͺѰҵܿǿĽݾ
һȷŲ뷵ɽ磬ΪɽԪɵۣɽ磬ֻɵۣȥҲֻϱɽȥ
Զԣǰɽ磬Ϊ˵ɽʿڶ࣬ԼĿǰΪȥԱȽΣա
۶ϱԲһ׵顣
ѡһ·򱱣ݾ޷ֱֻ߾һ·ܸõı򣬷򣬲߳ԶҲװ׷ѹ
ΧķɳתĹ켣ͬе˳ʱתеʱתں϶תģˣԱ巽
²ǽǾнԶкܴĿԻصԭ㣬ǾɳĮһֲɱУڴˡ
˵ɳĮıԵشʮֵºͣͨҲܴ룬һ֮ԽԽѣǲʱ˺󣬱ֻӲɳĮĵشĿ̶ֲȣΪ˼ᱻɳĮɱ
ˣɳĮѵĵطڴ˴ն֮ǰΪҪΪǿ޷ҲµʧھɳĮ֮УѣᱻɳĮȫպ޶ա
ΧĿɱգͷֲҹǷɳһֲԣֹʶ̽飬ˣҲֻƾĿоڴ˵ǰУϷʵϼѡ
иָͺˣһֱָķǰ
뵽ָ룬ɳĮһָ룬ڷǷɳ̶ֲ֮ȺҲ뷨ָ룬ҲסŰǻ
ڰؼ
һʱҲڰؼԼϷǽڰؼɳĮ֮УҲֱԺڰؼ̽ǰ·ΪܻὫǿʧھɳĮ֮С
ڰؼγ״֮󣬾Ȼǿ紵ɢŵ˲ƣ㽫ǱɢջأԽˡ
δ÷ٶڴ˵شУΪۼȻͨ˵أԼΪҪ֮أΪɳĮγһּµأ
£ĥѶһ߶ԣͦȥȻջ޴ĺô
־ʱ̽ûҵ뿪˵صķΪΧĿ˷ƺûͳһĹɡ
ĪǴ˵ǾɳĮķ۴
˷γɵ磬вЩɡ
Ȼ˳ջصԭ㣬ôҷ֮أֻҪԶ˵أɳĮҲ½ʱұ뿪˵ˡ
ķ˼ά廯ΪɽȻһУһҪĴǰеٶȺѣҪ߾ȫҪԤΧķˣѾһμΪѵó̡
ԾɳĮն֮أû˿УֱǰԼΪ͵־ǰѵǰС
һ֮ԶԶӲӲķʽУһǿĵ˳ս˵ʼǳӯġ
˵ˣɳĮĵشֻмȥ߳ɳĮ
ףԼֻ޷˵ļǰֻԭطأٴζ֮أǣΪǾԲȥģԼΪ˻ȥʲôҲ˵ԼҲȥ
ƴˣôҪȥ
ĻʤУٶȷ֮ǰҪӿˣΪʱѾƸֻۣǰˡ
ּһʱͻȻһŽɫӳǰɳ֮УľΪ֮һ
֮أܻѰطѰʱΪα壬ӭȥǷɳ˲䣬͵ĽӳȥԼٶȳǽɫץȥ
ץһȭͷСĽɫӣʮ˵֮һ˿̺ʶȫ塣
Ӧ˵֮壬ǿϴʣµƺҲɽ֮ãװ׵ıҡ
аȻʩչԺɫ滷ǽɫӣûðʧͽ֮һա
֮ʱоڵָ˲٣Ҳ𼶱֮˵֮壬û뵽ȴɳĮˣ⵱ʮֵı
аԾָһЩȻǰ
ڽļ֮ڣмɫӣȻ֮ԥɣǰ֮úԼڵûмٶ٣вĴǡ
֮һ޴ɳĮˣ˵˷ķ绷ǴУиߴɣе׶ˣһĨɫע
ڹ۲һɳĮ֮оȻҲֲĴڣֲ￴ȥۣȻٶȴۿɼ
һᣬֲľ룬֮ٶԽԽ죬֮ܿˣҲפ㣬֪ɳĮôֲֲȡʲôģ
ŨŨɻ뿪ԭأڷвú󣬺ܿηأֻһֲҲ̫⣬ΪǺųʮ֮һľɳĮ
ڰ֮⣬ĬĬעֲʱʱ䣬ȻһŲɫֲ
ɫֲΪ֣氵ɫһֱ߳ſԽϣԽϸ·򲻶ϵ˷죬ܿγ˾޴ɡ
ֲߣ½Ѿʶˣʱɽ翴һĻٻЩġ
ʲôֲޣôͻȻô޴ʲô
һϵеʣǱţֱֲƣʱȴΧΪǿˣǿ绷ֲȴǲûдݻ֦ͻȻֱۣЩֽ֮䣬ȴɫֲﾹȻһΪֲХЦɳĮëȻ
һֲޣҷǳǿܹھɳĮ֮Ϊٿɵۼĸ֡ȻǱ׵Ĳ²⣬ԷΪֻ»Լĸǿ󡣡
ľѡ
һֲ޵ĴͬʱɫĹâЩâҫ£羹ȻĴӿ룬һĻΪˣ鲻ԽĿʼɡ
ѵ֮еĿΪҲǿ̫ˡԽԼӦԶΣյֲߣֻҲԽ棬ǺηʥôģԼܹѧʽǸ뿪ɳĮ
һʱΧͻȻʧӰ٣ΪģԶдЩӿ֮С
ϢһˣĵҲ̽мԼֲҲһ̽
Ŀɿڴ֮Уֲջ˫֣ЩͻȻɢǿķУÿɢһУЩ𽥵ĻΪ磬ԽԽǿ
ѵɳĮĵشһﰵпƵģ
ʱΪδ˵ص缫Ϊңͺ޹ɿԣԭǱƵġ
ʱֲ޵忪ʼԼٶò˶ãѾ֮ײȻֻʣһĨʮ۵ɫ
ಣ
ɫҶӻûһΣһòݵӳ֮УһɫӣӢͬһ㣬˫֮ɢĹâ˵֮ǿ󣬻ԴݻɳĮһ㡣
ףǸôͻȻʧˣ
˿ˣ˫ɢɫĹââѳܿ쳯˷ȥ
ʲôˣôڴ˵أܿƾɳĮ֮е磬ʵ̫ǿˣۣҲδػĶ֡Ķ֣һԶԶ
Ѹٵ˾Ȼ̬ʼ֮дС
Ŷԭ
˵һ仰㽫ŵֳΣȻԼпܱԷˣҲΪ˫֮зâ̽鵽Լλá
ӣ
Զķȥ֮УʹƮһʱ֮ſʼһС
ĵӲֻǲ̫鷳ֲ޼ܿƾɳĮ֮е磬Լ֮ԿǿԱȴҲȥŰ
ǵ۲û˵ֲޣһôһأѵҲǿķ壬ѡ˴˵ӣ
˽ͣ˾ɳĮΪαΪʮ֮һʵ֪ı̬һֻ»ὫɳĮΪʮ֮ס
һ·У;Ҳ񵽲˵ֵķЩΨһ;ǱǰС
ֹ˼죬ɳĮķ籩ֱͬûоͷһ㣬ȻԼô֣ȴҲѶݳɳĮ
Ҫ֮ʱͻȻٴη˾ɳĮ֮е󣬲Զһ使ޱȵʻʢţƾնΧ
Ļ֮УŽɫĹâϸһȻʮһȦɢһȦһȦĹâ
ֻһ۱ɹЩĴǱԼãԿٵΪֻϧЩѾˡ
޵Ļ˵ĽޣŽ˵ҫۣΪǿˣֻͳȥȡˡ


1746 Ů
ǲȡֻ֪Щֲ޵׵鷳
·ߵҰҪɣ̫Σˡ
аȻûп޵Ļһ㣬ֱӳǰǰǣܿͷˣԼ÷˶Էơ
޵Ļ侹Ȼ˲Ƶǰסǰе·ߣҲаû뵽ԼмԷȻ̽鵽
ΪЩԵʰɣȻô̽ҵأ
ԼżǿţǰʮǰѾˣֻҪһľ룬ʮҲ޷̽鵽ԼĲ֮ء
ʮڻԾţƺ֣Ѿ޻Ĺ֮ҶӴڵ⣬һƬһƬһ£ԿԽκνٵ˰С
ʳ˻ǰĻʳ˻й֮޲֮ˣʮֲ޻ġ
һЩֲ޵Ϊ޷׵̽˵سֲֵޣԲǵжҲһ㣬ġ
Լն֮ɻ˵֮еֲޣʱԼһ壬ԣʵڲʺ
ڿƽưɾ룬ȻǰУûһɾ룬޻ǰסȥ·
ϻǲè
һ٣ٶͣȴԷı䱾ʮֵĲˬôԼδ¹˭Щֲ޼ֱѰ·
׼ʱͻȻǰ˫̽˫ָۣоǿаסеĻ
ಣ
ֳΣޱ޻䣬ֵֻͨɳĮҪУѸ̧֣һ·
СӵӿСֲΪжǿأ̫ñֲʧˣ
ŵЦǻͻȻʧΪһĵĺŮӣŮһ֣㶢ɢŲмЦ⡣
һŹֵǰΪǿֻոڵΪ϶ǰĶ֣ǰͨɳĮ
Ц֮ԣ֪֮ΪҪɳĮ֮У֪ǾɳĮαģ뿪ô֮ܳΪɳĮ
ŮһЦЦ
ֲߣò˲޽ǵɽնɱˣѵɵɱ𣿡
˵ˣԶԷǳ
ߣɵۣʲô˵ҵֲͳ֮أɣħκһĸǰҵȶս
Ůһһ٣˵оȻȫɵδУԸҶԿ硣
ûǿʵΪܣҲֻзӲ˵ȾԣԿ϶ԷǷӣҲЩΣϾԼںһսһ֣Ǿֲ֮塣
ֲ֮쳣أǴ˴ͽЩһǳˣ֮˶ԣֲ߸Ϊϡ٣ҲΪѣ˵ǵϡ٣ֻһȺӣԱ໥Ӧ
˵ֲ߶ӵĵأ²ûǰΪǰһҪΪأ
Բ֮ս򲻵ѵ֮¡
ֲҲһͬǿΪҵȶǿߣȻͬҪֲޣǾڻȪ֮ȥѰǰɣɳĮѾкܶ꣬û˿ͨĵشĪ˵һڵˣﵽɵ֮ҲһҪڴ˵ء
Ů˵˫ɱȻƺʱ˹׼
ôһҪսˣ
һݣʵ
ϻɱһڵˣԱֲΪԸ㣬ֱǴ´࣬׼ɣ
ŮӹЦâһȻѾɽķ
ߣ
Է̽ȥһ̽飬ֶԷ൱ڵΪΪԼʵǲġ
ǰΪ˱ʵûʹǿΪǽڵΪɳĮ֮дУˣԷŸԼúڻ
ˣɲɱ㣬Ҳֲ֮˺ǵ̸һ̸侲˵
ܣҵȵôһССڵ̸ֻƾʵһսҲھɳĮ֮УջΪɳĮɳһ֡
Ůͱ˵˵ȫûǰ
ѾˣѾǰǾ޶ֲߣѵЩҪʹԼɱ
ȥɣ΢ˣ
Ůȵ͵һն
ŰУһѾˣĹȶԣȫӡ

ɲ̱¶Լǿһ֮УŮӷĽתȦΡ
΢ˣ㾹Ȼΰ磬վڱֲĽ£
ŮӵЦһҲһУ΢ЩȵǣԷȻԿķй켣⵹ʮȤ
սپôֲߵȥ¾
ѶŮӿƵŮΪڵΪ˸û׼Ϊƽ


1747 ɱֹɱ
˶ԣֲͬҪΪǿ󣬵Ȼ츳һˣֲͬҲû˿ơ
Ůǿ󹥻ֲ߱ߵĹʽ̶֮ȵñ塣
ڿѸٵײһȻ϶Ϊһ£ŮΪȲʤȯ֮岻ʱͻȻ˫ֳһĨ̵Ц⡣

ŮаȴǷķ˹
ߣ
ߵͬʱһֳԷĽץȥŮдϲԷȫѰ·Ϊǲ⣬һֻעԼĽն¡
ǣŮӲ鷢ˣԼĽȻԷεץУⳬŮӵ֪ὣȴֶԷһֻĳٶ֮죬ȻεŮͷۻ

ŮֻòһʹԷɽȻĴ͸Լľٶ֮죬ûиԼ˿Ļᡣ
͵һŮӾϵͷʱɴķɳһƬɫѪҺ硣
Ůӵֲ֮廹ûüӦ׼֮ʱȴһֻ͵סŮӲ㱻ŵĻɢ
ӽӽȡֲ֮壬һǳ֮٣Ҳ˲ϢʱɣŮڵΪȻȫӦ
ⲻܣ㲻ڵΪ
Ůӻ˵꣬ȴһǿĻ潫Լֲ֮֡
㲻ɱֲֲĸǵۼǿߣɱ˱ֲһ߲ɳĮ
ŮӶݺݵв
˲ңҲˣңҲˡʲôݣ׼ɣ
˵ŮֱʱŷֶԷĿɲԭԶԶûԼǰС
Ůڵʱ䶼ûУܿоԼֲ֮ѾһطΧǿֲĺɫ棬ԼвģûеõκεĻӦ
ѾȻԷȻల£ǾֻɱֹɱץŮӵֲ֮ȻڿʼԽֲָ֮壬ҲֻܷĲҽУڼȺзԱĻᶼûС
һ˲Ĺлһǿ֮⣬ջŮӱɱʮŽɫͻȻڿУЩһĻһ﷨ô﷨󣬷ΪӴнٿţвɰԾϲ
Щֲԣտ϶еģ˷ʢջҲԸðգвɸлŮӵƣԼлΪ
һױȵڽţЩҲΪɹۣ֮ȫķϣΪԺ顣
ಣ
Ӱ˽ԷŭѣһŮͬʱνһȵˣ˱ֲʦ㣡
һɣһ߰̽˵ΪֽΪңвɰЦǲ⣬Ϊʦ㶼ԼɱˣֳʲôӢۣѵΪ־ͻԼĶ
ƱɣѾÿ򣬱ɲɱ䡣
һǰ̬ȣҲٸЩһӡ
йǰŮȣνν֮˷ΪͷͬҲʲôý
㾹Ȼɱֲʦ㣬ֲҪʬΣŮȵ
Ϊʦ㱨𣡾ԲܷŹ
ͬʱ˲䱬
ಣ
ֱʩչ˲ƣȻѾսĻһҲνˣˮڣԼûҪɱ
ռȻͬ߶ʮҪΪԶԶˣ֮ʩչ˲ƽҲΪսپΪ֪жֲߵԼ
꣡
ͷȻǾֵĲҽ֮ŮҲû뵽Էֻ˵˶仰ʩչ̫֮ˡ
д󾪣ͬʱҪǣ˲֮ʧ֮С
˵صڵԶֲߵ̽飬Ϊɱм˲ɣˣ﷢Զֲ߸֧Ԯ
˽ΪڵΪͬûչ̬ȴ֮ɱ˵ֲ֮Ҳ޷Ŀơ
ջΪֲ̫֮壬ȻҲȡ˲ٵķֱǰھɳĮпѰҪɰٱ
Ƿϻˣֱӳȥҵߣɱ⣡
ջ˲ٺôʱ򣬾Щֲ߼βˣҲһŹˡ
ɳĮ֮УΪĳ֣һɱ¾𽥵չ츳·ֲκεĻᣬһ·ǰУڶֲߵ֮;
ʱҲǵԼɱ˶ֲߣһ·ɱǰΪʼҲûۼֲߵء
ѪȵϮɱѾûֲ߸ҵǰĵ·ϣֻʣӵԼŨŨϢ
ɱֹɱѶΪ֮ķʵЩֲѰ·ΪֹΪڵΪˣֲǸֲصĴۡ
Щֲߣ͵ΪҲﵽ޽ɳϣڼʱ֮ڣҲ˰ϣЩ˵ֲ֮׷ױܻ֮ܽȫɣɿΪһ


1748 ɱ
ޱ޼ʵɳĮֹ磬ȻǿеķʽһֱűɽѵǰС
УʱᴫХЩХͬ˿һ㣬ǿҵıˣʱЩХҲ˸о޾ķŭŨŨɱ
һˣȻһĹ¶ǰУζδأʱ˿̣ʱ׼ӭӼսΪɱһȺɵµֲߣЩֲ㹻ʵȻΪȥ˱
ֲߵֲ֮Ҳл˲ٹֲߵļ䣬ԭЩֲǨߣأڲ֮ǰЩֲ߻ھɳĮĴ£ĽҰ˾ɳĮ
֮⣬绹вֲߵĲپݵ㣬ЩݵԶ֮ˣ˵ҪΪ˱֣ܿΪħκһ磬еۼЩֲߵĴڡ
ɳĮ֮УۼֲߣٴﵽʮϣЩߵļлõģȻһȫ׼ȷȴԵɴŵĲա
֮ǰǿֲʱѾĸоǵۼ֣ѡ˱ܿ˭֪Щ𼶱ֲȴһ٣ٶԼڹԼĵߣΪˣŻǰһɱ¾
裬ʮɵۼֲߣͬʱأֻ»һĶս֮УԷ̽鵽ԼΪ㡣ǿԳƬشҲұصԷλôлץס䵥ģɱҲڱЩۼΧˡ
һ˼ţһ߼ӿٶǰУ۸ʾشӦòǺܶ࣬Լȴ죬ȻͷȻЩֲ߸˴˵أɳĮΪֲ
ΪɳĮ˶ֲ߲ն֮أﻹ˿ͨǵۼҪͨ˵أҲȻֲߵȫأ˫սۼһᱻ˵صĻʵķӣԸսһǿ壬в֮
ţܿŮΪʲô᲻мԼԭЩֲǾԲŹκ˴ӾɳĮ뿪Ψ©ֲߴڵκϢԣǾڴ˵ɱˡ
ñɵֲߣڱն֮ضӣȻɱһ·ˣЩһǼֱڷΪΪǲɽ𣿡
ҪҪ˵ֲߴڵϢݸɽ֪Щǿĵۼ˵֪᲻̶ԾɳĮеֲչΧأ
˼֮ʱǰһХ֮ƿ֮һİɫӰķǰš
ھǧҵľʱǰɫӰ͵Ķݳ磬Ȼʼڿ¶α塣
΢ˣɱˣŭֲǰɱ㡣磬־ܣֲȥ
ɫӰڷƮţǰ͸ǿţƺûн
ʵЩ⣬ΪЩֲ߶ӵһԣſԴĿˣȴø³
ѵǲþѣѵЩ𼶱ֲߵûȡѵԼǰĴҲֵĲء
¶һصЦ⣬ӿǻ۵Ĺâֻ˶Էһۣϵļɽ
ڵˣ
ֲ֮̽Щ㵵ʵȴЩɻˣΪڵˣôڵֲߵģ
һֱֲ߶ΪͬУֲ߼ڲ֮أɳĮ֮Уֲͬ߱ʤɡ
ǣǰȴڵΪڵϢѾжڵֲ䣬ʮڵֲ䣬ϢԷΪȫϡ
ɱԩ޳Ҫƣɲһ·ɱǺĪڣ̹Ǿͱɲɱһɵۣȴֶ֪Ƕԣʵ̫ˡ
ֶ֮̽Էɵ۳ڵΪǱ㿪˵ɵۼߣҲ˿Сơ
ԣԽˣô벻׶Էε֪ԼǵۼֲһϢģһڵ˶ԣҪ̽ۼߣǲܵ顣
ѵΪߣΪ֮ϣ
뵽ֿԣд󾪣ҲΪ֮ݣҲ˿С֮ġ
ֲۺųɱۣ˵ľɳĮ֮ʮۼֲ֮һ֪Ǻˣ
Ȼ˵Ѿ˲̬֮ƽʵǿ֮С
һ˵Ǳڤɵۣɵ۵£뱾ԣɽǿɵۣʱɵ۶˲ȡ
ԣɱҲɱأɵۣɽ˲֪·̸ɵ۵¼ԣɳĮеֲ߶ɵ۵Ŷİ
ԭɵ۵ɵۣʧʧֲ۾ɵ۴û뵽ɵҲϧϧɱ˱֮ˣ򣬱ֲۻ׼ʶһ
ɱ۹˵аԷģҲ߳ɳĮ򣬽ɳĮ֮еֲߴһѡ
ߣɵ۵ţ˲֪˲ȼȻ֪ɵۣǾÿֻһ;


1749 ۼ֮ս
ЦֵʮǿƣҪɵЩֲߵìܡ
㣬ڻΪԼսɵ۵ΪȴҲԸҵ鷳ЩֲǺɵۣɵ۵Щ½ĺܲҡ
Ǻǣڤһȣǰ֮£ҲֻᣬֲΪ͡
ɱЦ˵Ȼ͵ķһХܿ죬б㴫Ӧ֮ɱۼХ
ϢѵԮȻ۹ѣߣʾ峤òöɵ۵ɵ֡
в²ȻԼѾðɵ۵£ǲԷͺãȻˣԼҲͲöѴˣֱж֤һС
ϢҪΧɱɵۣɵȻԴС
˵ͬʱһնԷһͻȻȴҲۼΪһ

ɱû뵽ʱ֣ɽֵ
һ֮£ɱֻöԷĽ̫ǿˣԼҲһȴҲԶԶԷĽǿ
ĿŶԷԼһɣΪΧ磬һԿԽԷ˰֮⡣
ͬΪۼΪҲʵ޼ǿ츳ڴﵽۼ츳Ŵˣһ̽ԵĹδȫȴҲɵĻ˶Էֲڵߡ
֮ǰһ̳֮ʮʱ䣬һֱ֮еǻ˯ĹУڵҲûֹͣˣڻԵɺ£Խɵ֮Ҫƾȴ
ԭԤԼҪɵ֮Ҫϵʱ䣬˭֪ʶۣǡʶȻƣĻԵɺϣ˵Ǿ޽еģֺ֮£˵ĴΪֱڣֱӽɵ֮
ʱδ֪ʮΪѡϢ뿪һԼʱʱʮ۲ŻȻ
һл֮ɱеױȵģԼδʹֲ߱壬ɳĮ֮бԷһ֮Զ⻹ɱмɵΪһսʮʤ㡣
ʱڱɱĵӣɱЩˣȻԼѾϢǾòԷƴֻҪȵֲͬʱϵԷһ֮ذɡ
һ֮ɱ۶֮УȻ֮زز⵹Ҳɴ۾ԷΪԶԶĳԼ֮⡣
ųΪɱۣȴǸС󱲣һȻһ֮ˣ֪Ҹöౣһʵġ
Ųɱ۶ߵķ룬Ǿȥ׷ϡ
ȻˣҾͼǰ´һȺۼ֣Ҿսˡ
аԼΪЩһȴҲԼûʵ֮һս
ˮڡǴ򲻹ʮΪϼơ
ԣɾԲһֲӲƴȻҪսһ磬ǰǸֲǰҲû˿η塣
ȥԪɵԼĵۼߣһΣǰǧɳΣ۾Ǻ޾죬ţ۶ԷΪôǿ󣬵ԼʹʱöԷ޴̽飬ʱ
ΪŵǱķα壬Ѿǿһĸ߶ȣʱ׼ʮģΪΪǱ뷨
ȻΪҲﵽɵ۳ڣˣǿĽα壬ȴԼͬӲĹޣֻЩƤˣɽʹ̲֮С
Ϊ츳ȫ֮ǿѾڵۼڵȫһˣԼǼԼһԼͿȫӡ
α£ǿ屾£ǿʵԿۼڵˣڷ
֮ԼѾӵ˴ɽʱֻҪ츳ǿĵۼڸ֣Լİȫûжġ
ֹһʱ˷ֲڽӽ
ڤɵֲֻۣˡ
һЦǸɱ۴жݳΣЦеĶ
ಡ
ʮ˴жݳΣЩγһ޴İΧȦýΧ֮ء
С󱲣ֻʲô
ⲻм˵֪Χֲȫǵۼ֣ƾϵı飬Բ²Щ˵ɢǿѾǵĵۼֲݡ
ڤɵۣ۾ĿǾɳĮʮۼ֣ѵӦͶ𣿡
ɱЦ˫Ķ뿴ľ飬ȴʧʲôûǰȻƤûһ¡
ʮۼֲΣ
һʮۼֲߣзӿֳǿս⣬Ͳ˿η֮顣
һ֣ˮȻڿ֮Уӵ紵ϵۣžը֮Ȼȴڿıֱһ㶼Ϊ
иֵķ緶ȣսȻҲ־Υĳ嶯ѾûѪˣԵۼΪʮۼ֣ǼѵսͬʱҲһҪսϴ
ɵڴˣλΪ
˵˫зǵĹâеǲżϾǵۼֵսԲ׵Ŀʼ
ڤɵۣɵ۵£ǣһҲⲻ³ʮۼڴˣ˵ء
ɱһһٵ˵ǿҲɢ
ôɵ۲նۼ֡
˵˫ܣһĨЦ
ɱһ˵ȴһŮҽܵ貨ۼмΪ
ۼΪ
һֲ߻˵
˷ֱ𱨳źЩΪεұΪԭжڵĵۼ֡
۱ڤۼΪ
ɫ˵˻һΧʱһмߣǶۼڵֲߣȻͬʱҡͷȻû
ɶɱۣ˵ĵۼ֣ɵ۳ڵΪ㾹ȻʮɵͬʱѵҵȵۼںпУ
貨ֲŭ˵ʱλߵƾԡ
ԣɱ¶֮ɫ貨ǰϢŭǰΪ˷ֹܣϾɽǿɵ۵£ˣϢ©󣬺롣ǰܲϣɽΧ֮аɣ
д㵨뱾˵
貨ֲ۶ϺȵҪֽѵɱۡ
ǰϢŭ֪ˡ
ɱίѣЩǿĵۼڸ֣ƢҲͬʵһֲһСģͻ
貨ǵۼΪԸһɵ۳ڵˣʵڲҪҳ֣磬˺ֻҪýƷֹܾͿˣΣ
һۼ˵
ǣã۾Ͳ֡ɱۣСԺ˵ӣĺܲҵġ
貨ֲ˺һ˲ͬʱһֻ֣ڿлʱ˵ۼĽơ
һ˲䣬㷢ΧĻ˲仯ˣԭеɳĮƺʧˣȡ֮һ̵ĲݵأʧӰ٣аϲĻԼսǸаġ
ʧȥ磬²ԼΣۼڵĸҲδؿ̽鵽ˣ޷̽鵽ԼΡ
һսɱʮۼ֣ͲʵˣɱһһֻҪɱһɵֲߵĳޱ㹻ˡʱԼ֮ززЩҲδؿԵסԼ
ƾ豾ܵĸо²ʮУûһǿߣΪǰǸɲĸֲ޳֡
ϢʮֵУȻûʮ֮зǸǿĸ֣ˣʮˣҲ˿ûߵ˼
ɵ۳ڵı΢ˣҵȵۼΪǳ֣ûҵȵΪɱۣ˳սģΪѹ󣡡
һۼ˳˰Χܿͬʱ˺˽ǵۼڵĸ֣ȻǶɵ۳ڵʮֲм
ʣΧ˽ǵۼڵΪɱɫ֮⣬һɣһŭɫ˫мҪ档
ðɣֻһɵ۳ڵˣʵֻҪһۼڵ˱ˣҪĸһɣ˳
Ǳ֮˵һҲЦţ֮һͬ˺
ò˶ãֻʣ¶˻վǰˣһɱۣһһŭߣþòһԣȴɱ졣
ɵۣɱ˱Ů׼ɣ۶ΪŮֻعʬΣƤңⱾͷ֮ޡ
߲˵ԣһ˵ˡ
ɶ࿴߼ۣܿ㷢ԼɱǸſŮòм֮вɰԺЦûŮŮҲ޴
ǺǣԭǸŮӿ˵ĵۼ׾㣬һᣡлȪ֮أ磬ñɵһ̣ȥŮȪ֮ž۰ɣ
Ц˵һҲŭϾʧصֲԼûҪԷļݻƽϡ
ɱۣ˺ͽˣ۲ɱĲΪˡ
ĵ˵
ãҪСģôöԸġ
ɱ˵꣬̾˺п֮ãΪΪһһսԼռκεơ
ʮۼֵΧˣܿΪһЦʱǣȻһһһͬĶ֣᲻Ȥ
ŴۼΧۣǡÿԹ۲ʵ˺ֶΪأ
ҧɽûʩչ壬ԼαʵԴͬˡ
⣬˼Լεķʽֱ֣ܶɱԷƱػ˵ӣƺԼ档
ðɣʤְ֮ɣ
д⡣
ļһ׼ȥɣ
һն
ĺã
ҲһһӭߵĹ
һ
˵Ľƴֳܿʤߵڿ˿򱻻ʮ֮⣬ӿֳ֮ɫ
Χ۵ڵۼͬʱЦҡͷԭɵҲˣͲʮ֮κһ˵Ķ֣սСɵۣܷС
ɵ۵ɵۣǸɵۣһôûС
еۼЦ
ЦˣһսûйĦļֵ


1750 ɱֲ
еۼֿЦ
һռƣЦż׼ȽĵĲ࣬Ȼһٴ
ţװƴĴ򷨣û֮һֱڱ˵״̬УԽսԽ£ʼȡѹµĴ򷨣ֵĻᡣ
ǰɣҲ̫ˡҼǵһʵԶԶֹ˰ɣղŹҵһǿ󣬴ʱôôࣿ
ɱɻѣ룬ʼڹⱣʵȻɱҲ׼ǸˣһԼ´ˣ֮󻹻ıӡ
㲻ǺɱŮļһ
߱ս󷢣ȵֻм֮޻֮
Ƭʱ䲻ȻȫռƣÿһжˣȻЩƵǣԼιԷܿĵֵס
ֹһᣬѾȥˣкâһ͵ĳķɹȥɽֱؿڣͼսӶĴ
ⲻ֪ߵΪ»ǰͲöԷʱԼװʤԼԻǾŴۼ֡

ⷢҽԴߵļߴʱĿʮ㣬ΪԼսľ棬Ŷĺ⣬ҵķʽ
ÿһ׾ٵĻǣһֱս˽ʱȴҲһɻ󣬼ȻԼΪҪǿԷô޷˶Էأ
δթˣʵΪеۼڵĸһԹսǱʧֻ»òʧЩΧеľ
ս£ߵƲˣһҪٶͻϮÿһжֵ˵սȻ˳־սС
ս̫û˼ˡ
貨ֲҡҡͷܿ㲻˵ս
ǰֱ˷ʱ䣬ҸطһЩûн
貨ֲЦΪ貨ֲ֮Щһֱ޶꣬ʱԼڵۼ֮е
ΪڿԴܱˣ
貨ֲЦԵۼڵߵǲСӡ
ۼȻս㣬Ҳ˵Ǿͽⳡӡ
Ȼ˵ͬΪۼΪȻη貨ֲۡ
ߣã۾Ϳ㵽ʲôʸսߣ
貨ֲ˵һѾ˽ƣһս⣬Ҳĵۼ֣һѾʧڽ֮С
ʣµЩۼЩˣŵۼڵĸּԣһмǰȥսΪ˵ر˵ۼڵĽƣЩۼҲֻε̾
սۼڵսΧЩۼֶԣʵЩȻζ˵սҲԵʮֵĵǽĶƴѡ
ע½֮ʱѾһηϮʱһнΪǵߡ
ŭţôԼһֱռƣҪ˶Էȴô׵飬ڴƺҪܳʱſ
ˣѾעڱ۵¡ʹα壬ѾǱ۵Ķ֣Ǳʩչ幥ʲôֵۣ
ߵЦͼԴеս⣬Ӷﵽս֮
ǣʲôˣ߿ƵģʱһЦ⣬ӦԷ
ǲӣ
߼Чŭĺʵ
ȻǣҾŮǸɵӣȻƵۼˣǰƴġνŮ丸Ů
аȵһЦԶưͳԻп˵гױŭˡ
ȥ
˫ὣĳնȥ
ʱҲֻۼĲɵĹսͻȻһɫŨϷŨٶȽС
߷ԼһȻն˶ԷһֱۣвɴϲҲù˼ΧĺɫȻ
Ũúڰؼʹ۷ֹۼֵ̽飬㵲סǵۼڸֵ̽飬ȴΪȡһʱ䡣
߼۽ʱȻ֣ȻܣҲûɽչдϲнһȴϮ׼նһֱۡ
߿ûϣô򵥵ɱҪ׷ŰɱЧˣһķһֱۡ
䣡
߷һȴĻڷ飬ֻͬ˼ӲʯͷϣȻ˾ҵķ֮
߾ĿУϱͻȻϣɽԼٶȹߡ
һٶ֮죬ֻǰһ̸оһѾʶڡ

һɾҵʹ鵽ĸоһֻʶĳȥȴֽ΢ĽӴԼͷ­ȻӲϹȥĲɾʧǣ֪ԼȻһ֮䱻Էɱˡ
ô£ٶΪͻȻô죿
вʵţûüӳֲ֮壬ͻȻֶԷһ֣ʱһɺɫԼ֡
ߵֲ֮׼ʱͻȻܵһɾҵʹǺɫȻ˲仯Ϊ˺ɫĻ档


1751 ֲ
ߵֲ֮չ˲ƣȴǿĺɫ浲˻һ˲Ĺ߷Լֲ֮㱻ǺɫڣжʱΪ𾪡
㡭
˵ôû뵽ռƵԼᱻԷһɱᱻԷĻסֲ֮塣
ߣ
һһץǺɫߵֲ֮У׼˵֮ʱȥԼѾһط

߾ֵĺΧǺɫĻ棬Щ潫˷סԼҪݳȥȴҲȫ
֮أ̫Ϊˣøۣ۱𡣡
ЦĻӦ
ʱ߷Ų²ʵΪԲɵ۳ڣǣʱ˿̣ȻǺĪ׼ֲ֮ԱвԷͻȻһĻ潣Լֲ֮ն
ʲô
Ҫܣȴûжٿռܣ־ıǻ潣նϣһݵʹֲ֮徹ȻԷĽնΪء
ϢѸٵӣζû뵽ᾭ˲ʹḶ́ûüģĽԴԴϵն
ǰ
ʹھзĵȴûеõκεĻӦ֮󣬽ĸоʶ֪֮󽫻𣬲ɾñ
ѵŮҲģӢһͿһʱ֪Ͳһһսˡ
ߵͷȻʶ״̬֮С
ٶȷָߵֲ֮壬Ȼ֮Ի֮˺ɫ֡
ڵۼĿɿڴΪǺɫʧ߾ȻʧӰ٣δֹһ
ãѾˡ
ɱ۾езһݵĿ־оʵȴôɱأ
ͬĵۼսȻԴܶԷȴҲԷֲ֮壬ڵۼֵĹʶȻʱ˿̣ȴǳױˡ
ôܻͬΪۼôҲܱ˲ɱ㱻ɱȴҲһ顣
һۼڵֲ߾㵵ʵ
Χû˭֪⵽ô£û˿γɱ˵ģ˻ΪҲ˻ߵΣҲ֮֡
ɱһֻ˲ٺôǶۼڵĸˣЩҺΣ
аˮƽǼۼ֡
Ѿɵɱٸƣǵ³
˵Ӷ֪Щ˿϶һԼ
ɱп־壬Խ²͸ΪйпڣǺڵɽ֣һ뵽ɱȻĺˣܵ־룬ͻȻϮ
ڵۼֱ鲻һɻߣߣп־ߣ֮һۼֲĶм˵ɵ۳ڶѣֻ̫òŴǱ۳֣û˿Ļᡣ
ô
Цһй޴ģȻΪԼΪòɱһۼڵֲߡ
ͬۼ֮սɱôʮ쳣飬ɶ滹еۼֲ߲ûӣȻԭϣʵаЦѡ
Ȼս𣿺ߣͲǱ۵Ķ֣ȴͬĵۼְɣ
˿Цһ֣ʾʣµļۼڵֲһΧ
ۼڵֲΪΧסɱɼɵתתͻȻڵԸۼڸִ࣬۵Ҫαɱġ
Ҳã˶ԸѾ㹻ˡ
ǵۼֲߵͷ˵
ɱаҲѣսʤˣԼҲûʲôսˣԼۼڵΪ͸ܶӭսˣνһٶ֮£ֶΪأ
صļɽ໥һۣȻͬʱɢǿƣ׼ѹ̽һΪ״ﵽʲôĳ̶ȡ
Ϊǰߵ䣬ܵӰ죬ˣ˲ŻѡѹȻͼı
صһЦȻ˫ֽɽڻУ̬ԭأƺһҲû˷
Į̬ȣɢαǿѹȻǶʹȫѹȵڿУƺûиܵʲôѹ
λСģǧҪС
ɱ۴ѵԽʵɲ⡣
⼸ۼڵֲҲ֮ƺԶֵߣ˵츳쳣ǿ
а£ѹڶ׼仯ֲ߱ʱͻȻʧˡ
Сģ
ɱ۾ɽԷ͵Ϯ
ǶҲٶȾۼһ𣬱ľٽڶ˿ַҲԵֵԷĹ
Ǽۼڵֲûһ̽˲ƹ켣ںδҲ޷̽鵽һʮֹ顣
һͻȻڽҵĳڵۼϮȥ˵ľУһɫɽֱ֮նɱۡ
ಣ
˲֮Ǽۼڵֲͬʱɫɽɫɽ˵ĽˣȻԼٶֱ


1752 ǽ
ע۽ǽɫɽʱһĽ͵նǱĶˡ
˴󾪣ĻᶼûУǽɫɽѾն˶˵壬ٶ֮죬ۼڵֲҲĿ¶֮ɫ
⽣Ϣٶ죬ȴϬǶϵ׾ͬ㱻ն飬˸޻֮ʱ仹֮ʱȴһжԵ̫ˡ
ǰĽɫɽٴιɱۣЩۼڵֲ߱ǰȥԮɱĶȫĹ֮¡
һɽƾճ֣һӵĺɫɽڿĽ󣬾ȻǶ˵ȫ֡
ڶɫɽҲû֮ͣƼն˵壬һҺ˵屻ɱķ飬Ƕɫֲ֮ȴ
˲ɱʱȻݳֲ֮壬ٶΣ򣬿ǣ˵̵ֲ֮˲䣬һȦɫĻ͵˶˵֮塣
˲ƣ
˵ֲ֮ͬʱѡ˼ֶΣǣȴΧĻӰΣȻӰε˲ƣö˾ˣһηҲ˲ơ
ɫɽٲնЩɫǶ˷ֲ֮㱻ɫˣҪʩչ˲ƣȴҲ⣬ӳİΧ
ֱʱڻֳ֮Σ˫ָɽһɫɽһɫɽ
鷢ʮͻȻڳĵۼֲ߽Ըоֲɱ۱ųһ亹ȻȴǾδ
Ϯɱ۵Ǳɫɽٶȳȥֱû֮УĿɿڴ
֮ǱɽʵǷûɣŵҶԷ񣬶ɫɽΪڰؼɱ˵ɽıɽ

ͬʱֵȣʣµĵۼֲ־ŭһʮָӵĶôǿơ
Ʊɵۣûˣ
˵һУǺɫѸٵѹ˵ֲ֮򷢳ĲҽС
ֲ۵ľ£ֶ˵ֲ֮壬΢΢һЦǺɫͬ˵ֲ֮ȫʧˡ
Ŀ£ۼڵֲɱۼ֣һĻ˵ȥҲû˻š
ɶ˵ֲ֮壬΢ЦŶһȺۼֻ֣ʣˣһһǵۼڵΪ
ɱаҲѣԼղ֮սֻѾɱˣԷΪʵֲ̫ˣֲֿɱ۵ƲסĲ
ʵԭɵۺڵΪ
һ˾㵵ʵʣµҲСȻڴʱ׼ַ
ǸԶ֪ܣ֪ǻƱɵ𣿡
аԷĲ²ֱףԼΪѾﵽɵۺˣЩ˻л˵ô
ʣµļˣûʮİգϾۼڵΪԶԶԼǶһˣҪɶԷֲ֮壬ѶҲʮ֮Щðգɲ뱻Էɡ
οǰ֮ɱˣʵɷ־Ӷ࣬ʩչֲ߱壬Ҳûʮİɱֲͬߡ
˵ǵۼǰõĽƣӲȥġ
ҧ˵ȴо֮ɫ
ô˵ǻҪѰ·ˣ
˵ʱȴʣµļۼͬʱʩչֲ߱塣
һ˲֮ߴֲԼǰֲﰴУʮأûмĹֲ
νֲֻһͳĳƺЩָĴгɣҲԳ֮ΪֲߣһʻͬԳ֮Ϊֲߡ
ǰֲ߱壬ж˵ıǻ̵ĲľһǴɫĻ壬һͬһ壬һһ޵ɫ֪䡣
һΣǱɵĺɫɽȻʧֻʣֵĽɫɽ˵ֲ߱壬Ҳʮֺ棬֪Щֲ߱ʲô֮
˸֪ʵΪ˷ͬʱʩչֲ߱壬ȡ֮ƣһҲСӣΪˣ֮Ǿ˵ġ
ȥǻ̵ĲľƵǰһһҵǴɫĻƵ˶м֮ڿš
һǽεɫ䣬֪Ǹɱۣû뵽ıȴһ仨ѹֵôС
һսһ˵ֲ߱弤еս⣬˷ԽҲϧһս
ɣɵۺڵΪҲ˿η塣ҵ֣ɣ
е޴˵
۲һȴֲ߱αȫͬնЩһı壬Ȼһ壬ֲǵĲλ֪ǵ٣αȫһġ
֮⣬Щֲߵֲ֮ںδһص⣬ñֲߣ֮⣬ƺͷβҲһ̶ӰĽЧ
ȻһЦɽָǰһεİɢۼֲҲܵĵѹ
ѹ
ȴһϺȣһӴƴбƳ֮ʱ͵һеսӿ֣˵Ҳһ塣
ˣǸо˾޴ѹϾԷǵۼڵֲߣռԵƣԼ츳ǿֻ»ᴦھԵ֮С
屻Էĺɣڿо޷Ȼ׵ۼڵֲ߲ԼĲһ
ף㾹ȻɵۺΪƶԣ಻ɵڣƾΪҵֵĶ֡
΢΢ȣû뵽ƻСе͵ıǡ
һѹԲսʤ
ɱ˵
ԣԲֵܵҵַѹ
е޸͵
ܿ죬ĹѹӿֱϮ
һۼڵֲѹѾܵ˾޴ѹ˷˵ѹֻ΢һ̷̽ԼѾ޽ӽˡ
֮սʤ㣡
һٵĺˣ˵޴֮أŸܵѹС˺ܶࡣ
ʤ׷
һ£ۼֲͬʱǰУӴƲѹȥ
ಣ
ϵʩչˣھ£޷Կ˵֡
ֻһۼֲߣſԽսʤҲɣǣۼڵֲߣֻ˱ܡ
֮ͬʱ𾪣ԷΪǵۼڣôӹ˵̽أ
ǽ꣡
һŭε޵ıͻȻɢһɫĹߣڴ֮ı֮ͻȻ˴ɫڽ״Щ״ԽԽ࣬ǿֲòƵҲɸܵǿҵΣա
ΪԳܵۼߵǵۼڵĸ֣Ҳвᱻɱš
Сʻ괬ɲ׵ȥðգ˷ֶԷĹۺиܵΣ
ʲô𣿡
аֶԷһֱȴǳٳٲչ
ӦǴһҪŴˣԲԴУ
а͵ȻǰǱǧҵľʱ͵һնʩĵޡ
һʵ츳ϣٶȹʩĵޡ
һ޷˵ԷҲԴ϶ԷΪԼȡĹᡣ
ߣ
Ƕž޴Ĵ״ͬʱ
Ľν죬ɸոշȴڰɷΧţһεϵסĽ
䣡
ҵĺ촫ĽըѿҲһѪڣҲʮɣһȻһϵ赲Чܴǵ޵ķʩչˡ
д󾪣ھ֮ʱһɫĻ潣͵ĳԼ潣ٶ֮죬˿Ľٶ֮¡
ȻұƴǰŪ֪ν
ޱȵûѡܣ׼ֱӵֵǻ潣

ʩչĵһû뵽ȻܣֱѰ·
ﬣ
ײ£㱻ԷĽնϣҲԵֵ
ֻǣһӲӺԽ㵣ЦȻס˶ԷĽǻȻǰһսס
ΪӲۣʱԷĻ˲٣̸оĵʹ֮⣬ǻ澹ȻԼڣֱ֮ȥ
ã
д󾪣ȫ̫͹˶ԷĻ潣ֲ£һʱĻ֮壬ǱԷĻ֮壬ǽ顣
ԭˣ
ɫֲۿЦٴʩչ潣
Ҵ⣬ʩչǣˣЩ潣ǳԼʹС
ӳǿֵ˿еĻ潣ڵĺɫҲѾǺɫ濪ս
ɫʮǿ󣬱ӵеĺɫ滹ҪǿһҲʮֵΣɫȫƣֻº롣
٣Ȼ˺ǻˣ˿֮ģȫĺɫ湥Ǻɫ棬Ψ˺Լ֮塣
ڴʱͻȻԭֲ֮ͻȻʧȥ˻ǵۼڸֵĻ湥Ϯ
⽻Ҳųһ亹ΨЩֲ֮ԼڵʩչԱˣԼȻɱ
ֳɫȥֶԷֲ֮壬ȻһлԵ̫һ㣬ʱһֲ֮嵱ɫ·ߣԴˣֹȴҲҶԷҪݳȥԼƴ
ڴʱĿͨͷŶԷǸֲ֮Զ룬һӵʶֲ֮ȴǧѷ
ԭҲֻԥһ˲䣬ݼţԱĻҲԥʧȥˣٴαԺɫ֡
ڵǺɫ棬ӴĺɫǰܿͰԶ
ף
ɫ޵ջ˼Ļû뵽ǰѾɱͬ龹Ȼû䣬ʱȻ˻
ԭֲֻ֮塣ɱԾȻǵˣ
һۼڵֲ߿Цε޻ۿֲ


1753 ڤ֮
һսڷЩۼֲߵĿֲ֮ԭǵȽҪǿĶ࣬Լǰʩչֶιֻ¶϶ֲͬ߱壬ҲδػӵɱĻᡣ
ٴʩչܿڵ޵̽飬ֻε޵ԽԽǿˣƺѾ쵽ͷŵĳ̶ȡ
ಣ
ٶȶ֮УʮƣΪϡ
޺ֲ߲õĽ֮ʱͻȻƾȻ쳣ǿԼʹ÷Ҳû̴͸ơ
òʩչ屾壬Ȼͼ͸ƣڴʱһ˻εͷͷĴС
һ˲䣬ռ侹Ȼҵһ㣬֮ɫâɲǼ˽Ŀռ䡣
ǽһۼֵҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫһǵۼֲߴмǿһǵۼڵǿߣǿ󹥻£Ҳֻܵķݡ
ֻڵۼڵĸǰĴǺͷųɹģΪҪһʱʩչۼڵĸʱ䡣
Ƕ˷֮УȻоǿЧڴʱҲʧȥԭеЧ
ﬡ
ײĽâնڷ֮ϣҪ쳹״ݻһ㣬ڷ֮еҲܵ˾޴ĳ
޴ײڷ֮ϣܵޣ󲿷֮е
ǿԴԴϵĹ£Ҳ޷ڽжƣȻǽâѹƵĳ䡣
仯屾壬ҲܵǷĹĹ£ҲоѪ𺳲ѣûзػ屾ֵĳҲûжٰգȻǾԻᷢ顣
ǿϣֱӽ棬ڼʮϢҲѾɫѪ
ʱ޷ӶݣֻԷķǿеǽͣϢһ㣬ϵĹڵһС
ܼйɣ
ɱۼ˵
ã
һӦε͵дʣͷϻ۵ǿ忪ʼһ򹥻ǧĽâܱȫ֡
£âͻȻǿ࣬屾Ҳڷ֮гܸ˺ʱ˿̣ʵںް취ͻΧȥֲܶݳ죬ֱԱܶԷĽġ
ץĸоһۼڵֲߣǶۼڵֲչ幥Լʵǵǿ
ʲôȻԵǽĹ
ɱ۾㵵˫Ķŷ죬ɱԾ£ֻɱвŻаȫС
һ֮
εͻȻΪеͷʱѾҪˣԷǼȻˣε޵Ҳʼżˡ
Գڤ֮ƾ跨ֵ
ɫŭһȻǽ֮⣬͵ڿɢҫ۵İâ֮󣬿ֲİɫϿգǧǽ곯칥ȥ
콻ӳǳڤ֮ʱҲƺһԭǽ㹻ǿˣǳڤ֮ԸΪֲΪ÷¶һµĸ߶ȣ޷ڻ죬ȴҲܵĽ١
ЩһʵҪǿĶ࣬ѹǸɵۺڵߣžǽʵĻϡ
аֻ徹Ȼ޷ǻսڴʱѸٵı̣¶˺ɫγɵǿ¶ȡ
ǼʮϢȥս׾Ȼʼ״̬УŵսףϣԱֱӵǿֲĳڤ֮
֮ǽʧˣԾһϢٿطܳڤ֮Ĺ
ǣγ˹һĻڤ֮𲻶ϵ׷Ϸ죬ٶȴһĳڤ֮׷ϡ
ʱ˿̣ʹǳ֮޸壬֮ǰ˵ĹѹƵĺܲңǷػȻˡ
ޣֱӣ
ɫֲŭӶݵɫֲۻԵЩΡ
Ǳɵ۵սѣͲܡ
˵аǲӣǵİ׳һö
ȻӶʱҲɰĳڤ֮𣬶ͨ۲죬ǰͷŴеĵѾʮֵˣƾ۾ܿ
ʱжۼڵĸֲδκιо裬ԼܹԷ˽ԷУ֮Ҳֻ׸ķݡ
һʱǺɫŭɶҲ׷˳ȥҪط죬һһս
⣬һĻᣬֻûаտɱԷ̫ˣһҲֵãܻԼ֮ĴΣա
ĿѾͷǽĵޣһͷŴкһΪǹǷƽҪϺܶ࣬ԼʩչͻϮɱԷĳɹʶȻܸߡ
ղʴӣһḶ۵ģ޷ۼ֣ɱһۼڵļһҲ׬ˡ
аԼƿԺָܿԷĴΪأԼзķȻлᱨѩޡ


1754 ѿ
ڼкʣµĶεƺҲ׼ˣʱͻȻһ뷨
ķǿɳܵۼڸִйԼγͻȻأ
һ޼᲻ݣ
аʼ仯Ϊɽ״һֲ۱㷢ֻһɽڿзɶݡ
ɫ׼أȴǿеķɽȻı켣ڵڵĵطȥ
Ѱ·
ɫȵȴһϲչ˲ƣ׼½
Ȼе޽δ뵽鷢ˣ͸ڵֲõķ֮󣬽ɫɽֱնεޡ
ɱ
ε޷𷴻һǿâԴۼҲ׷׳ֹеɽ

ڷ֮Уеٶȿޣε޵ƴҲ޷ֻ΢ӻһٶȶѡ
ͣ
ȥʱɽ͵һתֱӽεնΪء
ҽε޵ĶֱΧεϷɶݶȥĽٶȴ͸˵ķ
ɫҲûܶסֻĿ뿪ǿͻȻЦɱ۵ġ
һΪ壬Ѹٵڿк϶ΪһȻʱָԭеģĿЦУжԼһιûյЧ
Ҫ⣡֣ͲǱɵ۵Ķ֡㻹Цǲ֪ܡ
˵ѾˣȻЩۼֲߣԼǲԶǻô
ĳۼڲõĽʱǶε޵ȣһѾǿĹơ
â֮ƹ֮Ҫܣâٶ죬ѷǽ꣬£òͻΧ뷨һξǲʹıŰо
޺ڲõĽУʮֵΣǽһ㣬ԼԶݳܣȶԷзԼзأܽԼأ
ǣʱƵǸ޷ݳȥЩһĴʮǿֻǿͶԷʹ
ɫâϮ죬ǰǽֻǿֻǿڷֲ֮Ĵй
ãһڵֲҲͬʱй˵ֲ߱һ£ͬʱĹศɣǷֱ֮ܵӷҲʹķƺڴʱɫֲ۵ĻٴηۼڵֲҲڴʱ˽Ĺ
ۼֲͬʱлʩչĴмеĴУĵۼڵˣֻ»һֹ±
˷ҲʮŭΪǷ쾹Ȼһֱ˵Ĺ˶ԣʮֲġ
ҧţֱŷ֮еľ޴Щһ̫ޱǵĴйϣʲôԼ
֣ǵĹǵĩս١
аοԼڴʱԺͻȻһ棬ǶۼֲսĻ档
һ˷ˣȻڿͣסΣһͬˣƺ׼սȥ
Щһ˰ɣȻʹ˴дУԸһɵ۳ڵˣбҪô𣿡
һҡͷЦ
ǰһǸɵ۵սǿ󣬷κһ˶ʤɵۡðɣһսѷֳʤһƽ֣Σ
һЦ˵
ߣƾ㣬սۣԶأλҪ±ȥذɡ
֮ǰۼЦ
鴦꣬Ҽһս۲ŻС
һҲʮֵĲ˵
ܿʧ⻭еĶǶۼڵĸ֣˷ȻֹͣսһȻǷش˵ء
д󾪣˵ǰڵۼڵֲѣɵʶЩۼֲߵĴдй̸ı뷨
ۼڵĸ֣Ϊǵ֣ĻҲɥʧʱǶۼڵĸڸ˵ء
ˣʱˣ޷Ǹϻ֮ǰƣ롣
ֹͣɵԸͶϡ
˵˷֪õֶΣʵںӳȥ
˻һɱֹͣ˴й¶ϲ֮ɫû뵽ԷͶ
ҵˣԸ⽫׸˭
һЦʵ
ɵô֮һΪԷҲѾʶǿˣɽǺɫɽԻû̽ĺһΪɵ۵ıɽ
æش
ߣֻҵȹˣƽ֣
ε˵Ȥǿңȴֵ
ˣ뷨ʽһʩչԱзҲͬʱըǻֹͣǽʲôҲòô䷨еʱ
ֳصĸо͸ֵΡ
˵еΪ˷ҵӦֹͣ
ɫ޵ڶֹͣ˹Ѿķ죬׼ζҪȡ졣


1755 ۼ
ֻʣ¶εޣͬʱֹΪˣ˲ܵǿҵķЧ
ǷԷҪˣ
ε޼͵˵
ܣǱ۵ģ㻻һɣ
ɫ޵ϵеķȻȾָ
ɱпЦļҲֲԼΪԼΪᷨʱ
Ƕ˽ҪǾ͸ǣʣµĶҪˡ
һεЦ
ߣһ˾ȡΰɣУǺɫɽǱ۵ģ˶Ⱦָ
һε޷
λɵ۵׽˭أ
ʵ
ȵţͳһԻҪ
ɫ˵ͬʱ͡
ѾһӰķ쿪ʼγƵıԵش
Ϊ߲Ĵֲۺܿ쳳ĲɿôҲͳһ˷һֱԭδҲûģϾǵۼڸֲõĽƣ˲Ϊлߡ
̰˽񣬴ǹս۲£ĳ£ԵìԽԽңһ뻯ìܣôҲ޷ƽĸˣìܡ
һԵɱۣҲҶ԰䣬ֻǿЦˣһֲ֮壬Ҳֻܰ˵ۡ
ЦĴޣָ˾Լл˵ء
ĹУѾǵۼֲ߲õĽƣھһŬڴ͸˽ơ
뿪Ϊ֪ηֱַܾ֮˲ŷѾ뿪ˡ
ֲߣǲ𰡣
аʱһЩֲ۲ʮֵĴԼǽѿǼıЧ
˽ƺȻҷģΪǶۼڵĸʱϻԼĿǰΪЩ籩ʱױ¶ټ
˼һҡһ䣬Ϊɫֲ۵ģȻǰУΪıΣǰķʽҲ˱仯ģֲ۵ǰʽ
ǰٵطֲߴڣЩڼ󣬷׷׹ĴкҲʶǣһᣬһֲ߷ۼȻǲܴΪµֲߡ
˴εһ·ǰУκֲߵţҲɰңһҲҴ⣬ΨֱǶۼڸ׷οһǶۼڸֲĴڡ
Уȥһᱻ׷ϣǸٶʱˡ
ͣȻ˷֮У׼ԷĴ͸뿪ɳĮʹ屾塣
屾״̬£ٶȲڵۼڵֲߣǲݷ죬ǵۼڵֲߣٶҲֵһƴ
쿪ʼ͸֮ʱֱϬȻ˿Ӱ죬ٶֱӴƬ֮ء
ٶȱұٿʮϣﵽٱٶȣһϣ뿪ֲ֮ˡ
а˷ʶֲߵԼӵ磬Ȼ롣
뵽ɰЦֻҪԼ˾ɳĮ̹˵صʱɽڵ𺳣ɵʰЩֲߡ
ɵЩֲߵʵǽԸ⿴
һ·ķУ͸ٶȿ쵽£Ƕۼڸָϻط쳣Ҫ׷ȴô׷ϣ˵ЩˣпеһȺۼֲߡ
Ϸˣһٺʣµۼֲ߼ۼڸֱмŭֻڣ׷׳еķ׷ٶȥһɱڣҪۡ
ԭѾھɳĮз죬ԵӰӶûʹ÷֮ĵ죬ѾִһûɳĮشĲ²УԼѾ˾ɳĮֲĵش
һĨͣȥɫɳóҫĿľɫ
˾ɳĮǿֲ󣬾ɳĮ׵ηյɳĮʾŴ˵ص˼
ͣһ˲䣬ȷϷ󣬼űٷУ;УȻ˲ٽƣԷǿ͸ЩƸ޷赲ǰĲ
ڼԦ켱ٷ֮УҲ˲پɳĮвٹɳĮ֮Ųɳһߡ
ͼ·죬ʱΪǵۼҲһ˲赲˲䴩͸һ·֮ϣδ̫
СӣӲɳĮ
һԶд󾪣Ѿһۼֲ߷
ಣ
һεǰĺ󷽻һӰڷٱƽҲнţ̽תΪɽ̬߾ȫĳǰȥ
ߣ󵨣
һߣǰĵۼֲ͵ʧڿУҲ޷̽λá
һҪٶӵɽ򣬷ҺѴǡ
аԷݣǰƽʲôǰһҪǿгȥ
䣡
һɽͻȻƾն𣬵סǰķɽȻᵲסķУԦŷԼٶȳ˴ɽ֮С
ٶȿ쵽£˲䴩ɽ֮УڴʱһЦǵۼֲߵ
ã
аֻԼȻڴɽ֮ˣҲ޷ǰֺ
СӣӲĵģ
ǰɫͻȻ仯ԼѾԶ˴ɽǴһɽ֮С
ɽ֮ϣжƵɽ壬˳ɽأɽһֱɽȻһͺɫʯͷɣʯ·ΧһȦͬһΪľʯȻǱֿ棬ǻǳֻȻһ֮ơ
ɽв֮ɽа벻ԼôͻȻط
ǰлҪ˵
˵
۾ǰȴһ֪ɵۣǲ֪ϱۣҲֻԹ㵹ùˡ
Ц˷ȴûпκӰһɫֲҲû֪Էںδ
ǰװŪ²һף
˵˫ۻܣֻǷ쳣ȴ֪Էײںδ
ಣ
һһһŮӳɽϿգŮ·ĶСӣȻɱ֮ˣĵӿ治С
ۼڣ
пЦѾŮһޣֻ¶α塣
λǰڿ׷ڴˣֻ·ɳĮѵλͲ̧ܸ֣ȥ𣿡
˵л֮һϣǿԲս뿪˵أõķ
ΪɳĮǾһˣͨˣɵۼΪһҲӳȥɵ֮£Ǹܷ뿪ˣɣֻô
貨ֲ˵Ȼĸ
۲һǶɽȻһ壬вɰԲ²⡣
Īɽǵۼڵı壿
뵽ҲµԼ֮ԱԭԭǰĴɽǵۼֲ߲õĽƣԼǳ˽УԲŻᵽ
˺һԭΪ԰ڵۼֵ׷ɱôãջ·ӣҲЩ
ۼڵĽΪƾǿԵֵһ󣬿һ뵽ǵ޴û˿ˡ
ֲߵʵ̫ǿˣʩչĴͬۼֲߣҲұ֤ĳܶԷ
ǰۼֲߵȵʮǱʱԶۼڵֲߣһʤ㶼ûС
̾ߣһڴ䡣
뷨ȷ󣬵Ԧɽ͵ĳܺɫɽȥ
Էı˾޴ӦķҲ½Լȫ죬ӦÿԸԷһ㴴ˡ

һЦʯ쾪һײ
䣡
صײǺɫʯͷ֮ϣȻ͵ıأ죬ɽȡ
һײѾʹȫĹȴ޷͸ǼӲʯͷԿ϶ԷķԼĻҪǿࡣ
ֻеԼΪﵽۼڣϣԷƴʱȴȫĲǶ֣һ˷Ҳˤ˸ͷת£ȻײѪˡ
һֱǸǿķʵ̫̬ˡ
ε̾
Сӣѵ֪ɽıǿҲҪȫ˵Ŀԣ㣬ڵΪʵǲ̫Զˡ
貨ֲۿЦ͸ŨŨıӡ
ಣ
εɽϿճȥҪ͸˵صĽơ
貨ֲۣΪЦǱ۶޿κεĸ֣
ֲ۴Ц
Ų߶ʮһֱٶȳ貨ֲۡ

貨ֲһ͵һƳ·£ûڷ֮ϣ⼫һƣ̲סʹ
䣡
ֲۺڵĸ֣һֱǲͬ죬һ֮£ֻôһƬѣΣ֮嶼㱻ԷĴɢ
ɽȺҲǿҵķŭԴϷŪ
һΣһΣֱϷŪĸоʮŭģ嶯Ķݳ壬׼Էƴ
侲һڼڷ֮УԼĴΪΣա
۵ģ
ЦɽıԵͻȻûһֻǿľֻ֣ȭ£ֱӽҵĴɽ֮е
˼
貨ֲҲţͬһȭɽ棬˵ϼ޷죬ŭˣȴֲ֪õβܴ޺ڸ֡
λһֻȭͷԣ
м˵ܿԾȭȵס
ϵļΪҲֻܱۼɵĹŭ޿κΡ
б¾ɱ˱ۣ򣬱һᱨġ
ҧ˵֪ʱҪͻΧʵڲһ뷨ֻǣֲòôֻͼ룬Լϣ
ⷨ湻̣һҪĵõʱķڵһˡ
дĦһ۷죬ɱ˶ᱦ
˷Ҳˣø㣬Ǳ۵ģ貨ֲЦ
֪޷ʱȥԻȥˣʼȫƾķԷķ


1756 ɵ
һսˣͬһƤ򣬱ȥң޷չЧĻֹ
ס֣
ֻ޾ķŭӿҪݳҶƴ
ס֣ΪʲôҪģ
Ц͵һȭɽ֮У޴ڷ֮ϣʱͷۻǿѪ
ûз죬ֱһȭδػ˵ʹ࣬˷죬ø޷֤ԼİȫˣǱÿѪҲȳ嶯ĶݳҪȫࡣ
ⷨķǿ󣬾ȻԳܱ˶ĹȻǼƷҪˣ
貨ֲžâķԽԽȤ
貨ֲۣ˵⻰δ̫۷ˣ˵ⷨģǱǰ׷ѹˣԲƽ
ֲ˵޴ı͵ķһɽѵƺΪ˷йж貨ֲ۵Ĳ
˱°ܽҪΪڵΪˣΪԴܱۡڱ۵ǰûʸᷨ
貨ֲ۲м˵֮оȻûнֲ۷
˵ܿˣҲڴʱڵõЩ΢ĴϢ֮ǳ֮ѸٵĻָ£ղܵٶȻָ
ֲƺ֪ʱΪȻһֱûûˣֲ֣ȫˣƤӵۣһαʱ
ʱ˼θıµľ棬ֲܹսܾ˺ԼŸл롣
ǣҪԼıƿضۼڵֱֲۣ쳣ѵ飬ΪΪԽǿԽܵıӰ졣
ʵһУǿʵںһ죬ˣǶ˿ֹˣƤӡ
ֲߣѵһҪķѵʱҲҪҲֲ֮ǿԭڡ
ԤЩһΪﳳһʱ䣬ǿʱڽһﵽɵڵΪۼڵֲߣҲᴦھԵУͺñǰһ֮ۼֲߵս㴦ƣȴҲӵǿķ֮
ΪۼڵֲߣûЩ˾ãȻҪӳɳĮ
ڷ֮УҪûȴҲ޷շ֮֮£ǿʱЩֲ֮壬֮壬ھɳĮлõĲԼַе
ڶ˵֮УѾϥʼչһַɣһΣĿ֮ҪҪѰΪϵĽķǿ
һΪҲӦǿγˡȻȹΪǿǿ֮ѰЧǿǰߡ
ֻĿǰĴ£ֻΪϣ͸˵صĽƣӳϣ
ڶ˵֮У֪Լһ˵п˵עöֹͣ
λɣܿͽЩһգ֮ķǿеЩҲΪɶΪ֮
ʮ֮ڴ󹦸ɣڷ£ڴﵽĶֵһ˲ܵԼڵ
ﵽЩڿʼѸٵı죬֮ٶпϲ
˼Ŭ˷ڽֱӳɵ֮һɵ۶ԣǲġ
ִɵ֮ȥʱ䲢ʱܵԽʵһεĪĹϵ
̳пһۼڵĸֱ֤̺֮жôֲ
һ˽һ̳ƣֻʮɵۺҲǷǳпܵ飬֮еδһԵȫգԣΪΪɵ۳ڣȻҲѾӽɵ۳ڵĶֵ
˷ɼܣڹؼʱ̽ɵڣʵ˺ֹһα´ﵽɵڵΪ仯屾֮ʱսȫۼڵĸ֡
Դӷɽ֮󣬲ؼʱ̣ǲչ֮ģǽζһ޴ܻɽԼΪǿʱ֪ܣɱѰ·
ۼڵֲͻȻֹͣҲһݣ۵ĺúõģôͻȻֹͣأ
ʱһΪĽеĽŸһɨգɵڵΪ£ԶֲߣҲ˿η塣
Ȼ˵Ķ֣Ҫżǿģȵʱ죬Լֱ屾Էһսʱ¹˭֣޶ۡ
ʲôˣ־ɳĮ
貨ֲ۾ŭӿǿҵɱ⡣
ǵۼڵǿߣƺ˴˵صĽƣٶȸ
дʮľȣܿĻΪα壬ȻһĴɽҲʧˡ
ǧҪ嶯治ֹһˣ
貨ֲϢֹƣϵޱȣż̽飬ϵҲתΪ𾪡
ôˣΪʲôǿĸִɳĮѵѾ˴˵ص쳣Ǹòóˣ


1757 
һʳü⣬еЩ֪룬ֹһۼڵĸִ룬һ¡
˱ƲۼڵˣɵЩۼʱҲ˿СƣΪͬΪһдɵҲǿ֮ͬʱһ㣬ֻɵ۳ڵΪȴսۼڵֲޡ
ڶ˶ԻʱҲЩԻˣۼڵˣɽǿߣֹһ˽ɳĮ¾Կɡ
ЩֲߵģҸ
аѾʱ׼⴦ƣΪıʣٵȵȣʲôɵ۸ǰɳĮ
ҪżٵȵȿҲֻż·ǳǵĽƶ
貨ֲ侲˵
ţһ貨ֲ۵ģ
Ц
ܺãôⷨǱ۵ģҲ
貨ɵһָŷʵ
ȻУ
̰Ĺâȫ˶Է顣
ߣα
貨ֲЦڴʱȴ˾ɳĮ֮иΪ顣
ˣȻִ
貨ֲ˵ԽЩߵĿˣܵĸоǿҵΣ
ҪҪȥ飿
ʵ
ţ¹ϵش󣬵ȻҪȥ飬ԲԴݾߡ֮ǵжǶԾһϢȥ̽һмǲɱǷˡ
貨ֲ˵
ģҵĲԲᱻǷ֡
ȻѸٵʧڽ֮С
ߣ׳գҲͱ۶ᱦ
貨ֲһ۷죬ַͣɽУһ
Сӣû
貨ֲ˵һȴֺ޷Ӧ
ѵǴιȥˣ
貨ֲаЦһѾ˷֮ϡ
ôʱѾԲǰʵɱȵģв²貨ֲ۵뷨ǹ֧һֲۣûԶȡ
貨ֲۼ֮е޷Ӧаϲһ͵ڷ֮ϲһţֻӦ
ⷨǱ۵ˣǸͷԼ򵥣ôӵȱ۽ⷨˣҲǱ۵Ķ֣ٸƣ۾ɱ
貨ֲ˷ܵĺ֣һöɫĽָ͵ҫһâ֣ڴ֮󣬷ѾĽָ֮С
ٺ٣һ޴Ĵ󡣡
аԣ֪ԷԼ˿ռ֮УһԼҲлȡռ֮еķҪռ䣬Ҳ޶Ѷȡ
貨ֲȻݳõĽƣյϢвɰЩôٽɳĮ
ˣЩѵɳĮ鷳ģ
貨ֲۿϢԽɻˡ
ˣ뿪˵أҪõĵصҲǾɳĮĺĵشڻ£ԷӵɵۺΪĸ֣Ҳؽ䡣
貨ֲ۸ڵΪȡ˷Ҳ鷳Բž뿪˵ء
ǣ貨ֲ۲뿪ãһ˲ƶٶ֮죬貨ֲо衣
˭
貨ֲ۷ˣȵ
Ǳۣ
ۺ貨ֲ۷ˣΪԼȡġ
㲻ڼЩôְأ
貨ֲʵ
ߣˣȻ˵ñ뿪֮󣬶̷۷ŷأֽпһǷѾ֪գⶨȻ˱ɵĶȡˡ
ʮֲ˵
ˣ
貨ֲ۴ŭΪֲ֮У֮ܵ⣬ԲԼ
кβңһˣϿ콻㲻
ҧȵΪǷĹϵѾ貨ֲ۳׷ҲͲκεĹ˼ˣϾͬΪۼڣʵԶռƣҲܵĺܲҡ
貨ֲ۱ĻŭЦЦ͸űߣɱӿȻıŭˡ
ߣ
ҲŭˣԷ͵͵Ķȡ˷ʱѵӦԼӦ
Ѱ·ҪΪķǿ󣬱۾һƲˡб뱾һս֮սҽ𣿡
貨ֲڵĺ
аû뵽ԷȻΥ棬ȻҪԼչ֮սһԼˣƱҪԷƴһ
ˣ֣㾹ȻҪ뱾۽֮սѵ㲻һ޴뷨𣿡
ȲӦҲܾһٴս貨ֲ۵ĵߡ
죡㵨һ䣬ھҪָһ
貨ֲ۱ĺעȫϣҪһս
ô˻ᣬٶȶݳ죬һΧĿռ䣬ֲ󣬿ռжѻŲٷʧȥʶЩͷڿռĽ
һƷɽڿռм䣬˽ڿУһ㶯
ΪɳĮǿĵۼֲߣռеĴ洢ǷǳḻģЩƷҲ͡
ɫ۲ռƷԷֱЩģЩûġ
һԣǵۼ֣Ҳ볬ʮķΪķˣһ̶ӰֱңķҲڿռУǲ֮У䱣ĳӯԡ


1758 
һм֮ɽɽķпܻ貨ֲ۵ı
ޣղźͷĿѣģǷػҵΪɵڣпܻСڣõծʱ̣ȫķӶҪ֮һɨգע˷۱
Ѱ˼ţһִһεִһεصĶ࣬пƴһ
ٺ٣ȫߣ
ʼռеķ֮ж룬Ϊ貨ֲ۵ıˣҲᷢռзı仯
貨ֲҪսʱͻȻһҵıըԶð˺ɫƺһҵս
֮Ժ㣬ڴΪأ
貨ֲȻ˵
ã֮۶Ȼưոݡ
˵
ߣ˭ڴ˵Ұ
貨ֲ۳ǰɶݣҲ̸ϡ
貨ֲ۷֮ʱѾٶȽĿռϴһգ֮ˣԶԶıܿʱûѡ֡
ǸóûӳռأӦøһѵ
а룬һ뵽滹ɽɵۣʮа˾ҲԼ鷳ǻǲüųȥ
֪Ƿɵۼֲߵķ
ҲЩȷɽһᣬŽһᣬΣֻҪСһӦûġ
ǺɫĻ潫ɽʱɽͻȻ֮ƺҲܵΣʱһٶסɽĽ
ɽ͵ķȻҪֻϾɽδܵʹ£ȻĶ֡

е貨ֲ䣬鲻ԽķһУҲڿͣ
ɻ貨ֲ۲Զͣ£Ϊе֣̽һӰӶûз֡
ɣҪ㲻ú
貨ֲĺ״
˵ȵ֣Ȼ˵㻰ܺãҪƣҲԲ㣡
ŭɽݺݵɽָ貨ֲۡ
׳գ۲㣡
貨ֲתͷŭĺ
Ǳֻۣ˭ˣΪԼ޵ˣɣб뱾һս
Ҳŭˣû÷бһӻ𣬴ʱ֮ԣﻹ̵ס
Ҫң۲㣬ˣ򣬱ҲԲǺ۸ġ
貨ֲ۵ȻţʱƽϣΪԼĿռ֮зʮ쳣ı仯ԼɽȻ˹
貨ֲ֮̽ӶҪɳԭǸɵԼĿռ֣֮һ֮̽貨ֲ۷Լľ󲿷ַȫɣȻԼĿռ֮ʧӰ٣Ǹ˴ʱͼȡԼɽ
ȥɣ
貨ֲŭɱڣȴ޷СͿռ֮УĻֻܾܵĿɽѿռ֮е
ɶŸȥ
ͷ𣬵һն貨ֲۡ
貨ֲŭɽߣ͵Ϯʱֱߺ޵һȭ
һն£貨ֲ۱֮ٴЦĹһһȷŵһΪǿ
ס֣
貨ֲ۴󾪣йӦֲͬߵսæܡ
˵ס־ס֣ߣ֪۵
ס֣ǿ˹ơ
貨ֲ⻼֮ʱڳ貨ֲ۵ıɽźɫ渽ɽ֮ϣҲѾˡ
ɽ˵ҰޣȻıʵ貨ֲۿƵĽ
һɾ޴дҪԼռ֮⣬Բɽռ䣬εȫ֮ƿɽ
ɽס˽ʱ貨ֲ۵Ĳ֮£ȴҲԶݳռ֮⣬һһڿг˽֮֡
һߣˣ˿ȵץסɽʩչǺɫ𽥵ɽ֮е
ֲۺڸֵɽ̺ҲͬСɣԣԲŹ貨ֲ۵ɽ߾ȫĿʼɽ֮е
貨ֲ۵ֵһĹʵŭɶ͵һȵҪٹˣ۴ӦǷ㡣
˻һ㶣ô貨ֲۻôģûսܵ׳ֱһ漣
漣ɣЦƭ˵ļҲ̫ˣɽûһɵۣҲó㲻Ҫϻˣб´ܱۣǷ㡣
貨ֲۿޱȣû뵽ԼˣֳͬӲʯͷһҲ˵
˵Բƭ㣡ţۺܿͻὫǷ㡣
貨ֲһݣѾ˼ıȻԼʧأҲܱҲʧأʱ֪ʲôı飿
뵽貨ֲ۲ЦˣûãϵЦ˿ЦΪɽҪԼʧȥϵԼȻܵ˲ľɡ
ȥ
貨ֲаȴǲ˵ⱻᣬܿٿؿռеķ
ԭ貨ֲۻ㽫ݳռ䣬ǿռѾ֪ȥα壬貨ֲҲ޷ݳ


1759 ɵ
貨ֲ۵ⴢ䣬޷˶룬޷˶ݳ͸貨ֲ۴̫ʹķա
νѣռ֮˭֪ὫԼķȫߣŹԼıɽһֱܳԼҲ޿κΣֻܽöָϳ
ѾɽеһʱȻһɫսԼٵķ
ռ䲢ǽɫս貨ֲķ˷貨ֲ۵Ŀֱٶȿ硣
ͷûᣬԺܵԷķ£ʮֲʵģҲֻǿˡ
貨ֲ۵ɴ۾ϾխĿռ֮УҪȫӳȫͲܡ
ˣ貨ֲҲΪһɵ۳ڵ˿ԵֵԼķֻǽɫսն֮󣬷һȴ貨ֲĿɿڴ
䣡
˾޴ĳǷɸնԼ󱳵ͬʱһѾ
˺ǽɫɸҲأĺ󱳳һǳǳĺۼ֮⣬Ϳܵκεơ
һֻú󱳴΢΢һʹʹԲֵһᣬǳ֮޸£һ˲ϵĺۼҲʧˡ
ôһٿɱۼڵֲߣôһۼڵ˺Чأ
貨ֲ۵ޱȣļǣ֮貨ֲ۲òԼЧΪ
ڣ貨ֲһƣȻ޷شʱ֮ڣѾɽ˾󲿷ֵ

貨ֲвҺֲֻ֮Ҳʼû뵽Էɵ۳ڵΪȻԼľֱǲ˼顣
֮貨ֲ۸оԼΪȻ½һЩȻǵۼڵΪȴԶԶȲǰΪǿ
ãɱ۵ķȫˡ
貨ֲ۷Ӧ󣬷ԼǾ̫ˣǽɫսѾС
ɶСӣ
貨ֲæһݳȻ׼ժнָԻ𣬺뵽Լǰĳŵǹƽ
һ۲գĶ貨ֲۣ֪ʲôôϵı仯ôţһʱŭһʱ⣬һʱʧ䣬һʱˣ֮û貨ֲô˷ḻı仯
貨ǲѾˣ콫ۣ򣬱۲ʵط
Խ貨ֲ۷ҲҪǾͲϧһս
貨ֲŭޱȣôûطʱŵĻҲùһ뷨
ǽɫսҲ֮貨ֲ۵ɫԽ԰ףΪҪµۼڣԴʱҲްա
˵Ϊһͣһԭˮƽǰǰѷʤ˷ޱ֮貨ֲΪԴ
԰꣬һͽ͸㡣
貨ֲ۴˵֮Ҳ˲貨ֲۻе˼˲Ϊ
֮УаЩЦҲ֪貨ֲΪޱȻ£ֻԼ
ڿ֮ǰ͵һЦһһֽǷ쳯
ڴʱڻ貨ֲΪλὫøԼѵðԼսˣԲó
뵽вͻĵͷ˵Ǻ֪֮ãȻøۣǱҲͲƽˡ
˵ˣҲΣοֵ£͸һӣɱ
貨ֲۿЦǻű飬׼ԷҲˮ
ʲôˣʲô棬貨ֲһ˲˷ŭʣ֮⣬ʲôҲԸȥˡ
ĿռʧغҲЦġ
貨ֲǾȻһĨЦЩȲĿùһ

̽һЦֻ貨ֲѾԼôĸԸԼأ
Ҫ⣬ȡ˷Ҫ豾ۣ򣬱۾ҲԲŹ㡣
貨ֲ۹ͷȥǷ죬ſ֡
һ𣬷ѾһʱŷЦֹܹ貨ֲжȡʮгɾ͸е顣
㾹Ȼˣ治Ը貨ֲۣ۶лˣģӴԺ󣬱һȡĵۼʱ򣬻սĻᡣ
˷ȻһΪԷֵԽƣ͹ֵĸǿơ
ֲ磬Ȼʵ𱰣ǿΪΪܣԣ÷ŻֵĸΪš
˷ʧȥ֪
貨ֲζ̾仰ȴΪ貨ֲиˣ޿κεҰοѡ
ಣ
ԥĽԼĴռУʱȴһЦӶ洫Ҳ
ʧȥΪλᷢЦĪѾˣⲻܣһʲôıóˡ
ľĶ貨ֲۣΨͻȻԼ͵Ϯ
Цʲô
˺ͬʱ̲סʵ
ЦޱԣѵñۻʵĽǷø㣿
貨ֲ۵¶Ц⣬ͬڿһ׳ա
󾪣æ̽ռķ̽鼸֮󣬲ûзκε쳣ҲΪǶԷóвģԹֶŻԼ
ߣҪΪ۵С󣬵ô׺ŻǰΪĶ֣ᱻŵǣԱڵΪ֮£ЩıڱǰȫûЧȱ۽ǷˣҲǱ۵Ķ֣ʱҲԶ޷ϱۡ
Խ˵Խ˷ܣ̲סٴηЦ
貨ֲ۱֪Է࣬ɻûü˵ԶһˣǱھ˲Զ֮ĵط
貨ֲԶ֮ʱҲΧ쳣ǰȥһ̽󣬷һۼڲԶӡ
΢ˣôɳĮ
貨ֲĺȵһѾǰ˲ƶ
ಣ
Ҳ󣬵Ҳʩչ˲ơ
һУȫģдΪɻ󣬵ʲôˣȻҴɳĮǶ˵̬߾ԲֹһˣΪǿĴҲӵеۼڵʵ
ʱһɵڴѰֲۺ׼̽鵽ʲôõϢ̾ͱԷˡ
Ӱĳһɳ֮⣬ɳȥκε쳣Զ˵Ϊȴǿ̽鵽ɳ֮ڵϢ
һ֣ѾһۼڵĽƣڽ֮£ԷҪܣȴҲס
һŴӷ֮СĶݳ̾ͷռдķʤ貨ֲǿռ䷨
һ̽¶Ц֮ɫû뵽˿ռķһвǿķĶȡһ˿֮ǡ
Ĳ֪Уܿ㽫ǿռķˣķ뵤ҩ˷֮С
к壡֪Ƭɳ֮С
貨ֲĮȻ˵¶һ˿̵Ц⡣
Ҳһ֮ɫڶԴʱԻ貨ֲͬ飬һµ֡
һɫӰϢĳɳ֮ϣһľȣһ۶ˣƺ֪ԼΪλᱻ֡
۳⣬λѣ֪λζھɳĮأ
ǸһĲ죬æ˵
˵̽Ϊ֪ܿɵ۳ڵΪǸ֮еļһΪͬ
ˣ˵нѾͬ뷨ͲὫһɵ۳ڵ˷֮󣬶Ҳ̫СƵۼˡ
δܵ貨ֲȴ亦ʧޱȲأܽųˣиˡ
ɵ˵貨ֲ۲û뵽ɵ۾Ȼ֪Լ˵ֲݡ
ˣǶе뷨Щˣ˲û̻شɵۡ
ʹ˸ɫʾ貨ֲ貨ֲ۵⣬΢΢ףȴڲ²ɵ۵װɵĲ֪Լֲأ
貨ɵۣɵۣҶǰɽ磬˲ðմɳĮ벻ͬеѡ
貨ֲ۾ðɵۣԴ̽鱨
Ƿǰ飬ʱ㱨˵صոշֶԷˣ㱻˷ˣв²˵Ϊ͡
Ϣ̽Ϊʱʶܵ˼ţöԷ˽δʶ򣬳ⲻܷɵĺ
ԭλǰ֣ʧˣλǰԭ¡
ĵǸ
Ҷɵۣ˿סˣ֪ΪιھɳĮ֮أ
貨ֲۻ˱飬ΪеЦʵ
ǰǷǰ죬˵ɳĮ˵Ĵڡ˽ɳĮһֱɳĮɧţҲʤɳҵǰɨ鷳
ϹϾ˵
Ŷԭˣ֪˭˵пʶ
貨ֲ۲ɫʵ
ǰµɽǺպ֮ˣɽ˵˲֪˲磬ǰ²¿
Ц˵¶Ժ
ĻҲڽķһպʱҲûʲôһȥܻΣգ˱Ŀռ֮ĵȴȵʱٶݳȥɳĮ
ɵСӣôûһ֮أֲȴȻ֪˵ˣҲ÷ɾ衣
аʱѾ˶˵Ĳ²⡣
Īɽһɵɵۣ
貨ֲ۲²
˵
ԣдŭҲ˼ԷǰˣȻֱӿںǳ

һһǿƳѹȥǿ£ʱ˶ԷҲ֪ԼĺǳԵЩƫˡ
ǰϢŭƢãǰ´ˣ¼ɵĲˣɵ֮Ż˷ŭ
͵
ߣ˭ڱ۵ǰ˵Ҫעִ磬Ѱ·Ϊ
ʮ˵Ҳܳɫжôѿ
ɱɳĮôˣΪλжɵ۸ִڣһΪ̫ǿˣֻҲֻ˲ܶԸǶˡ
ɻޱȣЦҡҡͷһ仰Ҳ˵
£ķŭҲижҵȼǰƢأ
貨ֲۺȻתһЦѣҲɵۣ֪˻λǿĸأ
æЦ˵µɽĴӢۣԪɵۡ
˻һ˾һȻ˵ľģΪ֪ԪɵۺпڷɷڣôӱϵĽɳĮҲʵ̫˸оˡ
ԪɵۣԶ֮һսȻǸöð
貨ֲ۸̾
ߣΰɣƾǣôܻ˵Ķ֡
֪Ϊģʹﵽ˵ۼڵΪɵ֮£ʵһɵۡ
ΪǰɳĮ
ʵһھͬʵóˣҲе㲻
ߣǰĪҪ̫ˣԪɵ۵ɵۣȵˣǶԱ۲͵ͬڶԪɵ۲
˻һɫΪ֮һɱӿΪ貨ֲҲڴ˴ұ֤ԼԻɱ
Ԫɵۣʲôۿɲ
ťסɱ⣬ȴʮֿм˵
貨ֲа˵̫³çԼòðɵۣԼ̽ߵϢɱһϣԷİﻹʵ̸
͵һ𣬸û뵽˵˵ԪɵֱۣǶӢ۵һĪ裬ΪԪɵµɵۣΪΣҲȥάԪɵ۵ѽΪ˸ĴҲϧ
ߣµ豾ˣֱѰ·֮١۾ʵãҲԲκԪɵۣ
ɵ۷Ȼ˵аâһѾ̽ԶˣƺʱҪ
㻹ɵ۵Ǹ
貨ֲȵɢɣֲ֮е
ʮΣΪ貨ֲе˼ԼǸĿΪѯʳԷϢԴˣвԸ⣬Ϊ˵棬ǱȭǸ
Ǹ󣬳ɵϵı̻ˣеɽķˡ
ѣԪɵ۵Ĵš֪Ԫɵ۴˷ΪδٽɳĮأɳĮΣۿɲԪɵðսɳĮ
貨ֲȻ˵֪Ԫɵ֮ԽɳĮڡ
ǰ赣ģԪɵΪǿĪ˵ССľɳĮɽյĵطԪɵҲẦ¡ҵȽ˵صԭʵڲ档
ɵЦŻشҲɻΪʲôжǿɵ۳ھɳĮ֮С
Ѵ̫ˣɳĮҶ˽ΪϤԪɵкηԸҵȶ
貨ֲ۲ĵ˵û뵽ԷȻ͸¶Ϣ
ţǰĺ⣬´ԪɵˡʱҲˣ¸÷ˣǣ
ɵ۹˵Ҳз֮ģ׼ػ㱨Ԫɵۡ
һֻ貨ֲ۷ѯϢֱɱɵۣΪղԸĴۡ
Īǻûִ˵Ѿ˽ƣǳҪ뿪˵أûҶ˵Ͳ뿪
貨ֲڿЦ¶һı顣
ڿɱɵۣйͷ֮ˣ
ɽһ֮ɫ
ǣǵĵӺô󣬾ȻԪɵԣֻ·һ
ɵ𾪵˵
ԪɵʲôˣҲ޾οɵ۳ڵı΢أ
貨ֲչֳŵıʣһڱ㼫Ϊţй֮޲֮
лһҪǸνԪɵۣڱǰ϶ѣҪɱ練ơ
òε˵֪⳾ɵ۾ûлƣˣ֪˶˵ܣҲΪ塣
Ҫɱڣ
ɵ龪ֵʵ
ٺ٣
ͬʱЦ⣬ֻ貨ֲۿеɽʱɻôûɽأ
ߣҪ񣬱۾Բ־ܣͬھ
ɵȵеսȻ
Ŷʱɱ㣬֪Ԫɵ۴ĿģҲһ
貨ֲвĵ˵
ϻʲôֱɱˣʹ죡
ݺݵ˵һı棬ƺɱ֮졣
СӣԲҶ˵Ķ֣Ҷ˽˵ۼڣƾɵ۳ΪҪսضᱻɱֻҪش𱾵۵⣬лһΣ
貨ֲ۲в
۵Ȼʲô⣬ʰɣ
ɵ۴һ貨ֲ¶ɫһۣӵĺһ
ȫڹעҲԪɵ۴Ϊ£ɵ£ƺ޴ĲɾҩҲ˵ǲǹװɵ
ǴĿĺڣ
貨ֲصʵ
Ϊһˡ
ɵۿЦĻش
شһ㣬ʲô֣ʲôˣ
貨ֲۼʵȴΪȣԪɵ۴ĽɳĮΪѰһˣش˵һʮضҪ


1760 ҫ
һ𡣡
ɵۻش
˻һΪţԪɵۺķѾѰһôأ
ƭۣ
貨ֲ۹ŭ
ǰֻһ·ôֵƭǰأǰģԾʵ
ɵն˵ϲ޽ſ־֮ɫ
һû뵽Ԫɵ۴ΪԼӦ֪Լ֮磬ôѰԼأ
Īʮ֮У۱ԼˣֻԼ屾ϢҲԪɵ۵֪ˡ
ЩˬҲ޷²ĸйܣ֮˷ǱԪɵҵƺΪء
Ԫɵ۵ʵɲ⣬ֻ±ۼڵֲ߻Ҫǿ࣬ԼԪɵѰ󣬸ûʵ֮Կ
֪Ԫɵ۴˴δ˶ǰɳĮЩ˵Ϊʲôģ˵˵ѣ̾ɱ㣡
貨ֲɱȻĺȵ
ԣɵͻȻЦЦö˽ԸоĪ
⣬Ǻ֪ܿˣǱûв´ѾΧˣѵΪɵӲɣ
ɵصЦоϷˣ֮⡣
ɱ
貨ֲ۴ŭĺ

Ϳɵ۲˳ˣţһն
ۼڵΪҪɱһɵ۳ڵˣ㲻һ£ǣһնȴֶԷһȻԲ˼ٶԼĹ
һ˵ͻȻĿɿڴɵ۳ڵ˻߱ٶȡ
ɱۣƾ㣬붼Ҫ룡
ɵۺٺЦﻹ˿η֮ɫ˵ûнۼڵֲ۷С
ߣ
ŭֲĵۼڵѹȥΪռڣԷԼѹ
Ȼܿ췢ԼѹȻûгеЧԷһЦ⣬̬ڲԶ
㲻ɵ۳ڵˣ
貨ֲһԵĹؼڡ
ˣ˵Ľƻգ
ŭԷɵۺڵĸ֣ԼҲԲߡ
۾Ͳˣڣ
ɵ˵һѾʼ˽Χ
ڶ˵֮Уǳɵ۾Ȼ˲˵ۼڵĽƣҲЩνɳĮǿޱȡ
⳾ɵ۱ѾԪɵԳ֣жǿʵ
ԽԸ嶯뿪Ŀռ䣬ΪȥԪɵۣҲ֪ΪҪѰԼزʲô¡
ѾΧˣԪɵۣ
ɵ۵ԶԶĴö˴ʧɫ໥һۣܿͬʱݳ˽ơ
ƻɵۣ
貨ֲ۷˷ӰԭΧ˶ĸ֣貨ֲ۴Ե̽һ󣬵˾ܣвһ
ʮ˴˷ֳΣЩ˳ֺ󣬶ޱȣǲ̽飬޷֪Χʮˡ
Ȼ˿ԿΧˣֻЩ˵ƺΧĿУϸͿǵĴڡ
ЩһΪ̫ǿˣ
貨ֲипΪʮ˵Ϊ貨ֲ۸̽鲻κһ˵Ϊа֮ǰĳɵۡ
ʮۼڵɵۣ
̽ӶҪɳ鲻Խ˵֮𺳣Ѿݡ
ǰҲ⵽ЩߣԶ̽Ľڵ̽ȫһʱ˻жʮҪôȫΪҪôȫǵۼΪ
˺ܿѡźߣΪԷʮ˳֮ԾԵΧĻΪһ壬Ϊڵۼ£޷̽飬Ҳ޷Щ˵Ĵڡ
һֱ豹׷߾磬ǣʮ˴ʱľ豹Ҳѷɫ١
ۼڵı־Գҫ̬ΧĻںϣֻͬ߷ɿ̽鵽Ȼ߿ɼķΧڣǾ̫ңԶǵڵΪҲ޷̽鵽Է
貨ֲĶһۣеʵҲݣԭһֱƲɵۣɵʮۼڵɵʱȴûжġ
֪λɵ۴ݹ٣ˡҶδԶӭ貨ɵۣλɵۣ
貨ֲۻ΢ЦĹ˵
Ҳ¶һЦ⣬ȴڿЦԼŻʹԪɵۣ˷ǳһսƱ⡣
貨ֲһۣкȻЩڣĿռ֮УԶԣԶ˶ǺϢ
貨ֲ۴ʱҲûʱˣ׼ðɵۣʮɵ۵ìܡ
Ԫɵۣ
һӢİ΢΢֣ϵЦЦڿԼƵš
貨ֲͬʱ󾪣ΪԪɵ۵ĳ־Ȼöиов
Ԫɵ˵֮ɵ۾ųĬһĬĬŰΧȦеĶˡ
貨ֲ֪Ԫɵʢ֮£ǵ֮ͬΪۼڣ໥֮ΪҲԺܴ
Ԫɵۣ
貨ֲһҲͬʱ˵


1761 ȴ
ߣǰûԪɵۣȴǹԪɵۣ֤޳ܵСˡ
ɵЦ
˻һɵ۷׷һݣǿɱŶѹȥö˵бܵĸܵ־塣
Ϊۼڵֲߣĸܵ־壬ǶҲֻڶ֮ʱŻֿ־ľ
аãʱŷԪɵ۵ΪǿʮֿµĵزȻŵĶۼֲߵҲ΢΢
ӿЦͬʱȭΪǰ¿ҵǸԪɵǵͷһЦ˭޴֪ܸģܿɹ󡣱۲ƽ˷֮ԣҲҪΪ֮ٷɱ
ԪɵЦ˵ɱ֣Χɵ۷׷΢𣬶貨ֲͬʱо͵һһεɽڶ˵Ĳϣʱն¡
ͷһ׳Ƴ̬иӲ˼ˣһηԪɵ˵ǿƣ԰Ⱥۡ
ôˣΪʲôе־壿ҿǵۼڵֲߣΪԲڶԷ֮£
貨ֲвĵ˼ţǣԪɵʱֱܵĿ־壬ֿ־ƺ޷Ҽı䡣
ף
貨ֲһ۲£Χɵ۾ȻһˣȻʮһ˴ڣ貨ֲԽ󾪡
һһ˿ҵǰΣҸ޷֡ǰֻʮˣһԪɵۡ
貨ֲһг׵ûƢеս⣬ѾʧӰˡ
֪Ԫɵ۴Ϊ
貨ֲۿЦʵ
۴ֻΪѰһˣһˣڵΪ֪Ƿ
Ԫɵۻ˵ҫǻ۵Ĺâ
Ԫɵۣ۴δ˵ˣʵ˰ĪԪɵۻҪԸ۶ԲΥԪɵ۵
貨ֲʾõϹһҲ˿ĵ֮ɫ
Ŷ֪ΪγھɳĮ֮أ
Ԫɵʵ
貨ֲ۵תһѣȴһߴжʱ󾪡
㵨ˣۣԸ
Ԫɵӿֳɱ⣬вĻ貨ֲ۲ɽõĻ˶֮С
ҶžɳĮ֮Σķǰ̽أȴԪɵۣ
貨ֲۼֳȻɫһöԷ޷ʶƵĻԡ
ӵǲС
ԪɵЦʳָͻȻڿһһʱڿУ貨ֲд󾪣ܿԪɵ۷Ľ
ԭԪɵ۵ΪҲˣٶȻܿ죬ԼΪҪȴ´࣡
貨ֲܳɹ֮Ҳ˼ģ뵽˴ʮһɵ۵İΧͻΧ
թ֮ͽ˱۶ССͷͲɵۣ˵ʵɣ
Ԫɵ۴˻һ貨ֲ۶ʱҺһֻһĽͻȻԼӣܣɻǸоһʹ
貨ֲ۵϶һʮԵ˿ڣ˿һֱ֮īɫѪҺ˿֮ѸٵĽ
ʱ˲ƵĽ⣬Ԫɵ۵ʵ̫ǿˣҪɱۣǾͲܴˡ
貨ֲоδѪҺ󣬵ֹס˿ڣеٴαԪɵ۵ССֶδݻ١
ȻīɫѪҺѵǻ˻ħˣ
ɵ˵
ʲôˣ϶ˡ
˵
Ԫɵ۲˵ǰȻĶŶԷˣʳָĴָĦţƺʱ׼һι
貨ʵʵ˵ɣᱻɱ
ڿˣȻϲ貨ֲۣڵʱȻϣԷɱ
貨ֲǲŶԷɱԼģΪԼϾһۼڵֲߣԷôǿҲֻǵۼڵģɱԼҲ̫ڿˡ
ðɣ۳ϲɵۡҶҲǾ˵أǶھɳĮ֮УҶߡ
貨ֲۿЦ˻һ˵Ԫɵŵͷ֮Դɽ磬ռݾɳĮΪɱɽڶˣΥ֮¡۾Բȼڴɱˡ֪ǸɱأӦ÷һ·
Ԫɵ飬ҶҲȣɱˣͻᱻɱԪɵܹҶˣ
貨ֲ˫ֱȭ֪˷⣬Լѡ
Ƕ֮⣬ǷеۼֲھɳĮ֮У
Ԫɵ۲ɫʵ
Ԫɵֻۣ΢ĶˣˣɳĮ֮лĵۼִڡ
貨ֲһƢҲûУε̾
ԪɵƺԤϣ֮ɢǹâö˸оĵ׵ƺˣڴ֮貨ֲΪ˻ֻ͸¶һϢԪɵۡ
ʱ˺γһԪɵԿΪϣֱ΢΢˵ϣ
ˣϣʶʱֻΪԼлɳĮԼΪﵽɵۺڣӵ޾Ԫɵ۵ʱˡ
Ԫɵ۾ѯԼĪʱд֪˶˵ɱ˶Ϊɽȥ˼һ󣬻Ǿ³çж
Ԫɵ۳˼֮ʱԶһŭĺԪСļһϿ˱۵£򣬱۶Ȼ㡣
һ˵Ϥһвɼû뵽ɽľɳĮлյֵܡ
һɫĳ˹˵˲Զڸ߿֮УڲúҲ£ʮˡ
貨ֲ㶵Ų֮ͣôҲû뵽˵Ԫɵ۽а壬һԪС˴̶
˭Ϊλ˴󵨣֮ʲôˣȻӵɵΪ
貨ֲмҪץˣû뵽ھɳĮ˶ɵۣǰһֱƲɽ֮ˣȴҪɵ۵Ĵڣʵһεķ̡
󵨣Һ˺ͣ
ɵŭȵ޲ɱ˶Ǹĸߴɵۡ
ߣȴ˵ƾʲô죡
һɵȵͬΪԼһάϡ
ԪɵۻûӦµɵ۷׷׳ɵҲụ̂˫֮ܿݱɼҵĴǹս
˫ɵۣпڲų֮ˣһǾʾףȴǱ鲻һ
Ԫɵ΢΢üƺԸԷˣ֮Щͷۡ
貨ֲаϲʱ˫ֻԼл˵أɵսҲ֮Щɵһ򾡡
Цҡҡͷڲ鿴ռ֮еķʱԼصķȫʧˣֻд貨ֲжȡķˡ
ôһ£ҵķΪλ᲻ɣ
д󾪣ȴҲҴܿЩŭ貨ֲۡ
ô֣ȴҲ׷ʧĪĹϵ貨ֲ͹ģԣӲѹϵ
ķŭ貨ֲΨпЦҡͷҲ֪ʱٵľ޴ΣҲû貨ֲۼƽϣаԷĴ֮󣬶ȻҪֻһ
мϲǣϲٴμȣǵİΣϾԷԪɵۣɽһɵۡ
Ƕ˴ԥİȣȴ֪Լޣ޷Զ˵ս𵽾ԵĽ
Ԫɵоâ̽һԷЩɵΪвɰԾúЦЩһѵ֪ôд
ŭԪɵۣڲ֮ǰԪɵսһһս֮ˣԪɵδֹߡ
һսԪɵҲȵǿսˣһӮˣҲ˲СĴۣΪսװʧ˺üķ
죡
Ԫɵһɵ۷׷ױͣû˸ҼΥԪɵ۵
СǣҲ˵ˣбڣһΪֹġ
ȿЦһҲûԪɵ۷
ȣ˱°ܽĴұսۿɲʦûôʱУʶȤϽӱ۵ǰʧ򣬱۽춨ȻŹ㡣
Ԫɵ˵ֳ֮ǿҵɱ⡣
ԪСҪ񣡱ۺ¹㣬СһսҪս۶㵽ס
Цɢǿս⣬սƺȾڳÿһˡ
ߣ°֪ܽν뱾һսЩ˾ԲǱµĶ֣ѵϣȫ𣿡
Ԫɵ˵
δۼڵֵܣоۼڵֵܣǵʵʵ֮¡
ҫĹʣһԪɵˣȻЦ˵
ۼڶѣ֪ʮɵۣЩǿĶ࣬ѵ㲻Ըһ㣿
Ԫɵ۲ȣǵ鷳ʱҲ㲻ֻεӲͷƤӭ鷳
УǲҪʮɵ𣿡
ȵ˫֮ðĹʣɵһһ̽ĪЦ
Ԫɵޱ飬ȴǰľû뵽ԼܾȻڶԷǰȫ¶ˣ⣬һս޿ɱ⣬Щ޷ռκεơ
˻
Ԫɵۻ治ŻɵۻᷢԼܣǹװɵʵ
һۼڵɵۣ˵ۼΪѣڻˣȫԪɵ۵Ļ˿ԣȴŲۡ
һ仰Ԫɵ۵Ҳð˾ȵĹâ
ſڿӣ
Ԫɵ
ðɣѾ͸Ļˣαؼαװʲô˼
ָ˵
Ǳ̫ˣԭܷ屾۵Ļ󣡡
Ԫɵ΢΢һЦһУαѾԪɵۣ𾪵ȫԪɵ۵֮С
ȺٺһЦĵԼѾ¶ˣڴʱȴ϶ڵĸҲͬʱ¶ЦȻԪɵ۷ɹȥ
ɣЩȻҲǻӰô޷ԪɵۣΪʵɲ⣡
ޱȣĿΨһһˣҲԪɵ۵ĻӰˡ
ԪɵߵʧĽʣһˣ貨ֲۼҪˣԭΪҪʮһۼڵ˹˭֪Щɵ۾ȻǻӰ
Ǻǣ۾ԲǻӰ
ɵЦ˵һܿ쵽Ԫɵ۸ԪɵһЦ⣬Ȼϲ鷳Ҳȡ


1762 
СǣԪСǽƻǺǣ
ȿЦ
㻹˵ۣҲװˣߵЩɵҲʵ֮ˡôˣγֻһۼڵأ
Ԫɵһָֻ֣ȵܱߣÿָһǸ˾ͻϢʧڿС
һֱֻʣһˣԪɵΪʵʱ˾ȻҲȵ֮С
ԪСʶԽԽˣ۷һǰȴΪǶˣû뵽ųƴޱȵԪɵҲ᷸˴󡣡
Ц˵ΪԼһǰģЩµΪԪɵ۵ΪԣҲֻбɱķݣ粻ǰ
ŵʮɵۣһӱֻʣˣ˷貨ֲνǴ۽磬Ҳɵ۵֮ǾԲñСƵġ
ȣΪ£
Ԫɵƽʵ
Ϊ£ߣѵ㵽ڻװͿץ˱۵£Ͽ콫Ƿˣ򣬱۽Ĳ㡣
ҧ˵ɢǿҵս⣬սԪɵҲľѣ̾ɽôôһ
ȣΪ㵨Ԫɵ˵ǲǻĲͷˣ
ɵ̲סȵϾǷȻ֮ɫԪɵ˵ˣɽ֮൱ĺ
ΪԪɵ۵£ǲάԪɵ۵ϣǱʵЩ˵ȥˣˣɵ۲ŻԺǳ⡣
ʲôĳ죬ȻӽʬΡ
ȻһЦɱӿûɵ۷С

ɵ۴ŭɽѵȡ
Сӣб¹սһһĻȪ֮սҲҽ£
ȲЦȻ̬ڱϲûбԷŭ
׺ɣ˷ǡû뵽ȵΪȻ֮ϣҲϾ߳Ƶս񡣲ңܿɹǣԸȻı࣬սԸֻдŭѾɱԷˡʱҲʹˣʱգǰΪǿ󡣡
аԸ̾ΪΪܣϾ֪ս񣬾Ѱ߿ɱȡ
ɵбŭҪ¶ԷսչԪɵ۵£ˣɵ۹սԪɵۣлȪ֮ս±֤ɱҶ˲ļһ
Ԫɵޱ飬ֻ˳ɵһۣʱĸ꣬ﻹɵۺڵĸַ緶ұ֮ˣΪС˴󶯸ɸ꣬ȥαΪ˹ڻмǣҪ費ľ緽Ż
ԣɵ۵͵һеŭҲ֮ʧӰ٣һϵɱ飬ɸоʮֵĲ
л˽̻壬ˣ
ɵһȣȴްŭ
ȻǸС󱲣Ǿͱ죬ٸҶ죬ۿĲ㣡
ȺٺЦ
ɵԲŭֻһЦ֮
Ԫɵ˳ɵһۣſ˵ȣ۲ûץ£һ᱾ˡ
ҵʵǾΪ
аû뵽ԪɵۻʸڷϣĪԼϢǼٵģ
ǱΪԻϣЩ£Ҳץȥˣ㻹ǻȥ̽ɣҪʲô鶼ڱϡ
Ԫɵһһٵ˵ʮ㣬ʵûѵĺۼ
пЦԭԼϢǼٵģԼЩǱץȥأɽǿֻ߲࣬˭Լгأ
룬ȸоͷޱȣԼɽĺճǵĳʵڲʱԽԽûͷ
ǲģѾץʮ£ҪǻǱ۵ɣ
ȴһԪɵ۲һ㶣û뵽Լ֮ȾȻ͵ϮԼ¡
дδץ£ȴץ£Ͽˣ򣬱۾㣡
ԪɵҲŭˣһķȻ֮ɫ
Ҫ۷ˣҲ¡磬㽫ۣ̾ͷЩɵۼ¡
ﲻݣһԪɵоâҫ֪Էε֪ΪԼҪˡ
һжû뵽ȴ˷ȻΪԼȻˣǰֻ²ʵƭԪɵ۵ġ
ǷԪɵ۵£Ҳʾ̬ȣΪֶβȵķ
貨ֲ֮л벻һڵˣΪλǿᣬѵʲô֮
ҲѰûҵ˵ץ˱۵£µǼ٣Ԫɵ۰Űɵʵ
м٣
Цһ䣬һɵ۱ɳĮϣ˻һɫס޷ѣʱãȻΧԪɵۺſЦûãץסˡ
д
Ԫɵŭˣ˲ƣٶ֮죬貨ֲȫ޷̽鵽Ԫɵ۵˲ƹ켣ֻǰһԪɵʧˣҲͬʱʧˡ
ֹǶˣǸҲˣڳֻʣˣֱǳɵۣ貨ֲۣ
ãҲûг֣ԶͻȻȵĿЦʱ˷Ƕǿ߽Ѿȥ
貨ֲһۣͬʱ˲ƣֱ𳯶ȥ
ߣ
ȵξȻһΪͬʱŶ׷ȥ
ʱҲԥ֪ʱòöݳ죬Ƕݳ죬ֻ᲻Ԫɵ۵أ
ھɳĮЩǿߣٿȣˣǶݳ죬ػԼİȫ
ǣԪɵͬʱʧˣþȣҲõķһԪɵ۽棬ҲȵĴ
ˣһǸϿ뿪Ƿ֮أȣԺ֮ʱ
뵽͵ĳĿռʱﻹʱ˼æʱ䶼ûС
̶֮ɳĮ֮Уʹһֱǳɵ۷ɹŴɳĮ֮жݳȻԦ߷죬СǰС
òʱ䣬Ѿ˾ɳĮıԵشвɰϲ뿪˵أԼζĿʼ
ԽɳĮı߽磬Լһʮֻĵط⴦طǴɽҲãɽҲգ͸ɭֲϢ
½ɽǸطҲɭֲ֮أҪȴ˵أǾС׼ˡ
ɳĮ֮⣬һƬأǿŻҰɫһֱӵԶ֪жپ롣
ݳ죬֮ϿգξԲй¶Լ˵صϢԪɵҲ
ԪɵۣĶλԵЩģһֱûнȫĵˣҲûɿεѣ֮оѣӰ쵽ľ
Ԫɵۣţһ㣬Ȼ
зĵ
ʱ̽鵽жγԼвɰԸ̾ʲôλ棬ԼʼǸ·֮ˣûǿΪֻ²֪˶ˡ
ಣ
ڿתһٴֳʱѾΪһ˵ģڴ˵ģǳϤһˡ
ڿʼҵűӣĿıǴﵽɵۺ֮ȻѰҵʦӵ˵䣬ȳǡ
һȻҪѰǣΧ̫㣬Լͱ仯ģɽ磬ЩӵˣҲ̽ҪϢ
֮󣬶Ѿɽ˸һ֣ͬʱɽŭĿӡ
Ӻδ
һȻʵ˫´Ȼǻĺһһһ̴Ůӣһ˫Цеһۡ
ÿСӣ
ŮЦʮƺתߡ
֮ؽɳĮûмǴ˵Ҳһն֮أ˵ʵǿĵۼ֣ЩЩۿе֪ġ
еô˵ԵøΪɭֲԿŵõϢͿ֮УҲϢ
ն֮أҲ֪ԪɵȵͨģҲߵĲ·Ϊɽ֮вٴǿֱӵִġ
ѾıԭĿΪ£ΪȣҲδؿԷԼʵݣԪɵۣͬһϳԼ
·˵ضѣ
˵ԷʱԼҲûҪòӦ
Ӻδδ
߼ʵɱȻʱȴǰš
˶һۣ̽˵Ϊ˽Ǵ޽ɵΪһڣһǴ޽Ϊ
ɴˣǰɽ硣
ޱ˵ܿ㷢ʶ̽ĵطʮޣвɰľɽ֮ࡣ
ԭɽ֮У˵ʶ̽ܵӰ죬Ҫ̽Զľ룬ܣҲɽΪθյԭڡ
ˣɣ
֪һֱֵķǳ͵ΪʾˣⲢαʵΪ˾ܵıԼ
ҪǿʵģûǿʵѰ·죬ΪǿǰţͬѰ·
ˣԼѰ鷳Լ߳ԲѷҲû˺档
˵شɽ뱱ɽıԵնشһͨǺ֮ˣϸ˵Ҳɻᷢͨ˵ء
Ȼ˵Ѿĵ׿ˣȻԼ뷨ѡ
ǸŮӣ˫֮Ĺâ޼ɵĶƺϺõıһ㣬ռΪС
Զ˵Ŀ⣬ȫߣںԷôҲںԷô룬ںԼõͨ˵ء
ӣɽһԪڵӣǰɽѰһλǰλͨ˵ء
˵һҲЩһ﷢嶯Ѻõͨǽٺò顣
ɽ֮ˣ
һ˿Ц⣬ƺʲôЦ顣
һԪڣʲôƨɣôû˵
ŮӹЦ˵һûûεı飬вһɱ⡣
ɱֻͣ˲䣬ܿ㲻ڣΪľĲ̬Ҳ˱仯ƾԷ˵ϼ䣬ôֲὫ˵ĸ
ðɣҪͨ˵أλÿ·
ƽ˵
СӣԸɵİ£ɾΪÿ·㽫ΪƬĸõһ֡ѡ񡣡


1763 а
ŮӿЦЦȫǰѾͨԷ̽ԷԷŭ²ԷΪΪ̫͵Եʡ
ССɳڣʸͨ󣬾㱾ɸᣬҲ޷ͨ˵أǿ߾ԲġڱУɵĵֻһ߰׹ǡ
ߵЦڿһˡ
ϹҪˣ㲻ɱʲôԭ㶮ġ
ŮĵһЦһķɧҲɿһ㶣ȻŹЦãȻҪǱҲ͸һӡͽˣҪҪ
ϻ̫ˣһȥ
ŮͻȻ񶢵д󾪣Ĺ֣Ϣŭ͹
ڱŮǰһƢûУͬһĵĹܿβˡ
Сӣɸѡѡɣ
ŮЩ˵ʵ᲻תĿ⣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôԷǿ
̫ԵˡҲѡ񣬵һѡ񣬶Աɿһ㣬ͨƬ󣻵ڶѡ񣬼Ǳɣø촦³
΢Ц˵֮֮
һŮӲһ㶣û˵ȴŭСӣӸӣ˱ĸǵôߣȻҪɱӡ˵Ҳ̫ˣǱ𣿲һ޴ļһˣֹɱ㡣
ŮӺݺݵĵһۣȴûгԺֹΪĻ̫ˣŮͨ̽Բûֹ
ѵǽڵΪΪΪڴ޽ǰ˲ΪıˣΪΪ
Ůоһ˼ȴЩͷԡ
ȴһҲǱȴ޽ɸǿˣŮһĳ֮ɫЦɶСӣȻʵ
ŮĬȻҲôߣǣ߾Ȼٽָƺʱпܷ
ţ
Ůȵ
ԣεɽвŮôֹԼ̽Էʵ
ѵʲôѡ񣿡
ŮЦʵ
Ϊشһʬǣ֪ѡأ
˵򶨵Ůа
Ȼǰͨ˵أɿɲΪõʬǣʵ̫ˡ
ŮЦŻشȻǱıŵˣҲУޡ
ߴΪ⣬ΪʵŮӣʱҲ˵ϻвɰŮ޴Ȼһŵˡ
ܺã磬Ƚһ֮أ֪򵥵˵ɣ
ͷ˵ߵ۾ӵģȴ޿κΣвɺЦ߻Լɵۣͽʬˡ
ν֮˱пɺ֮ɺ֮Ҳп֮ˣŲɱɣֻǰߣѾ̵ߣɱҲٵκ⡣
϶ѣһſԣͬԣʱ飬Ϊλߣоʸ
Ůǰʮֻװ֣ŶĹ۲죬еĻҲԽԽСΪû˻˷αװ֣ǷӲֿԡοŮҪ֮Ƥû˿Ů׶ԷԲǱô֮ˡ
Ůӵ֮ؾȻҲһ磬˵Ȼɽ뱱ɽĽ紦ȴһҵĽ綨Ȳɽ磬Ҳڱɽ磬˵ڱɽ硣
Щ綨žɳĮգܴӾɳĮ֮ͨ˵ҲˣҲЩͨ˵ص˻֡ڱɽ磬Ҳ˵Ҵպش
˵ֲĴʣѾ̫̫ãɱ¾ǿҲԽǿ󣬵һɽЩǿҲٳڴ˵ء
չ꣬˵Ҳﵽ˶ֵ֮ɱ¾ΪȴҲһֱڷԣ˵ʺħ
ŶԷĽһ²˵пǾɳĮƣǿħ˵һۼ㡣
֮䣬κ˶޷ͨ󣿡
ɵʵ
Ҳȫǣζֻɽļǿ߷ſͨ˵أЩɽǿߣȫʵֻͨһ㶼ѡﾭֱӽ봫󴩹󡣡
ŮҡͷشԽˣΪ򶨾ԲװģɵۼʱҲû˿Ķݡ
ڲԶŮӽ͵Ļʮߣ֪Ϊζ˿ΪֻнڣǸΪͼĺ󱲡
֪Щںδ
һԼܽ봫Ǿðմشˡ
ֻ֪дȴ֪ںδ⴫һЩۼֵܴҵһ͹ȥȴĽΪǿĵۼ֡ΪôǿҲܴﵽۼΪɣԣԣǽݾ
ŮӿЦв²ӵ޽ɺڣΪɵۣŮӵЩΪԼô꣬δһɵۼĸ֡
˼Ǳɸͨ󣿡
΢Ц˵ԶǰеǾɳĮΪֲ
ھɳĮ֮УվȴøΪҲһ˵
ʱȥ˷֮ԺᴩɳĮʵһΪ˱ܿԪɵۣܿɵ۵ΧϣΪ
ܹΪɵۺڣͲˣȻΪԶԿɵʱǾӦñܿǡ
֮أǿƣҵȵΪҲֻ²ˣǰҪ֮ͨһۼֵأʱǰصĻᶼûС
ŮֳȻ֮ɫȻ뵽ʲôֲ顣
һ·ڸ߿շУѵԱܿЩǿ𣿡
һãĸ߿գԷǿ͸ԼֱӷɹϿա
ҲҲ֮Գԭġ֪֮Уǿ߶֮ԣҪ߿շͨ˵أǲܡƬĸ߿գͿգ棬֮Уǿפأκ˲׵ͨ˵أһǿ˵Ĺ
ŮҡͷϸĽ֪ͣΪʲôеǲϣǰλӢɥڴˡ
Ȼˣƽȥطģ
кʵ
ǰڴ˵ΧķԲ֮ڣµĵ̣Խ磬п˵Ĺ֪жͬΧߣǧΧʮʶˣ¿ʮദ֮ءðȥ֮صΧ˵Ϊǿ󣬵ҲԽЩԽΪҲǿĿ¡
ŮϸĽ͵һĨɬЦ⡣
ͷ֪ŮӴԲ٣κһն֮أԽԽնЩΧһҲȺĵΪϲ١
ɳĮŲ֮ģھɳĮ֮УֲͳξɳĮΧֲ֮ߣΧ֮ˣǺĵ֮ˣҲпܲˡ
֮Уħ磬֮Ҳȫֿģͬʮۣʮֲۣ˷ܳɽ磬ô֮ػ᲻ħռݵĵأ
ðɣ֮صĺĵжôǿĸ֣ҲҪһҲΪһҪա
а֮еҲԽǿ
ΪѾﵽɵڵΪƾǿ츳һɵۺڸ֣Ҳ֮һս򲻹Ҳƾ츳ߡ
Ȼֻα֮µΪʹ屾壬Ҳ֪Լսжôǿֻ֪϶״̬µսҪǿࡣ
ԪɵۣԼҲȫ޻ֻ֮ڵķǲϣɵڱԪɵۣΪûжٵʤ㡣
֪ǰﵽʲôΪ
Ůʮֺ棬̲סʵ
ɳڡ
ЦŻش
ʲôⲻܣǰЦˡ
ŮӴ󾪵
ɵΪǿֻǱΪǿһˣɸóˣΪ֮
˵󣬱׼֮ǰС
ŮıӰ֮ɫҡҡͷ̾ϢϧˣӢˣִԲ򣬷Ҫ֮УΪһ߸õİ׹ǡ
ɳԶһ˿֮ɫ
еٶȲ죬ʮϢ֪֮ѾŮӵأµʱҲ׼˷ʱ䣬һ߷Уһ߿ҪܵΪ
Щ֮صƺ֮ϼǺţ磬ղű㿴һ鱮ģ֡
ŮӣԴ޽ڵΪͳһƬҲаˣɽ磬ΪҲԳΪһɵɣҲеϵʸ
ипɽ粢ô򵥣ǲԻ֮أЩѾõĸ֣иصĸ֣һЩֵսƱظΪΣա
ΪҲСɽ֣ն֮أԽ׳ǿĵۼ֡
ҲѾﵽɵۺڵΪ츳ԿɵĴͬɵۣԪɵһۡ
һҲȵİΣΪսֻԽԽǿɽ磬ʲôĵˣ޷ֹĲҪɱ˭˭
Ԫɵۣʱ֮ôȵĶأ
ѾۼڣΪⱾ֮Уֻȴб˲Ķ־
Ȼȿ˿ٶȴﵽۼڵΪҲҪĸϲΪսҲԲʹ䣡
жΪĿԽǿңΪһ־ڳΪֵߣȻֹûǿֻиǿ
һɽ崦ͣɽ֮أȥʮֹ죬ʵ򣬴˵ΪȴǰŸֲͬĵΣȻ˵صؾӶѡ
ɽ֮ĵͿգʮ˻һЩˣ󲿷ֽɫӣһΣƺڵȴʲôˡ
ɽʱЩ˿Լͬһ㣬һ˸ߺվסǣͣסΣڽӽɽĵͿ֮
Ԥϻ˴أû뵽ȻӦˣ
һЦдаĸ֡
аȻ񣬱ѣ
һ˱ȭЦһЦ⡣
ϵ̫ˣ˱ɵĵСܵϵʵҵ
аǫϵıԵʮֵ⡣
һ˷׷׳ԷУаǹǫĻӦΪǫЩ֣ⷴµĸоаĵһӡҲǳĲá
·˵أλѣ˷ɰˣǱӢˣ˷ܵüˣʵĳ֮ҡ
һڱˣ͵ЦԭҲͬ·ˣȻ֪а㡣
ԣаԭе˲ɢϸΪӢȴ̾Լɰˡ
֪֮ͦģûвɻǸ˵ޱԴ󡣡
аܿ˸ǳӡ
ѹˣҵ
аһЦ⡣
Ǵ˵صߣ˭˲أǺǣаɣһȻǫмӣʵұ֮ģ
˵ƨˡ
аЦˣԽԽ˷ܣ㹰ֵѳէʮֻӭɽһ𣬱ԵΪѽӷϴ
ˣǲڴ˵ȴɱΪ˻ҪΪӷϴأ
һһС˵
ߣı뷨ˣѵҪܣʲôɣ
аĺȵҲû뵽˵أġ
һֻĺɫצƾնֱϮ˵֮¶־֮ɫô벻ԼȻ˺
аֳаЦ⣬˲֮ƣɱˣһ֮壬Ҳζõı³
ڽƺаܾûôбˣĲֶξȻֻΪһˣʵǴ֮⡣
˭Υ棿
а߸ߵͷȻɨ˵ɫһ˵ҲԻ
˵ĪҲӣ
ͬʱ˵۵Ҳ׷׹ֵͷǡ
ã˴Ȼʮ㣬˿ˮӵΪ˵صĪ˵λѣǱҲʮֳˣ
ƣһɫ˵аƨаһףͷЦЦĲֺ
ѣ룡
аƣɽǣɻ½ɽС
ɽ͸¶ϢɽһֲﶼУֻʣ±ʯ
ɽаѾһ£ֻʮ޽ڼˣ
ܿмɫľ̳ӣ˾̳ӵɫɽ˴
ɫľ̳еľʲôɵģеҲû˿ľ֮⣬ίһԼټǰС
ƾõķΧ㱩¶Լʵʵǵѡ
ǾɳĮ̫ɲΧɱ䣬ҲɳĮЩǿߵע⡣
ߣ밲ȫͨ󣬱˽˵أҲ۲ЩصĹɣ֮Ҳһ˵ݼǰС
аˬԸƣԾȴûоܾаĺ⣬ֻ֮顣
ΧһĿɿڴһƨȻаĻŭţʵЩ˼顣
аЦ˷ͶãȻаϲûԼİ취ųԼ
ΧŮûϲˣֻڵΪƣҲЩ֣ЩһﾹȻǹȾƣԲˡ
ƵɫҲǺɫ΢̽󣬷ɵģ۵ƴͬС죬֮ȽϣȻС׼ס
΢Ʒһڣζ㲻ｻ˵Цƣ˺ȵһʱа
°ݼа
ߴԶ㹰˵ǱϹϾɫ
Ȼаȴһãʲô
´ǶлɱǸˣ
߽ЦǺǵ˵˵ûɺȻȻаͬǰڷһ̳ӾƣȻаһͬơ
⡣ô
ָȻ
֪һһֱڸԼûв´аһȺڿеȴǴе֪ԼǰϢ
˷һΪ˸лаȫû뵽ǣаȻûɱԼԼһͬơ
Ǻǣ뱾ǰƣﵨҲⲻ֪𣿿Ļϲ⣡
΢΢һЦܿչ˷
ĿɿڴȷӦ󣬵ŭƭӣƭ˱ɵȻǰƭаʵ̫ɶ񣡡


1764 ֵ
а¶ʮֲ֮ɫԶΪ˵ƭӡ
һаȻŲ˵ѺѪˣɵʮ𾪡֪ΪγƱƭӣ˵ȻѲаӣƣаȾƵˡ
д󾪣û뵽ϬȻԼ壬ԼȻ»ᱻа
һ߹ֵˣ½͡ڲɻӵأλߵλԾӣƭɻӣڲɻӼɵŷ뿪ءΪɻӵ£ʵ޿̣Բаɱ˷ǰ·ƭӾȻõžƣʵ߲ѣɱƭɵƭӡ
ԣɱ鲻ѣûһķаҲЩŭݺݵĶɱӿ֡
аɻӵĽ鲻ˣ˵ƭɻӣʮַŭ޷ͣȻɱΪɻֻع
ͷƺԼһиɻаһɱ
ˣ֮λ޴ǡеĶˣһμɻӣôܻƭأزɻӵǻۣҶ˽ɣ
ˣ΢Цʵ
ɻӴˣҪƭ£
аһͷ˵
ǣ˷׷׵ͷȻǸһƬ
ȻɻӴˣ޶ۣƭ˲ɻأԣĻȫ¡Ȼʵƭɻӵʲôأ
Զ˵ɵĿϣɺܿ˳Ļ˼
еʣƭɻʲôԸ֪𣿡
аʵеɱѾı˶
ƿԣԶԣвɰԽʱȴ˵ˣ˷ﱾ֮⡣Ӧ֪Ӣ䣬ôܻжϲһƭأȻʱ֮ԣʵƻɻӵùϵҲ֪ĸģɸҿ϶Ȼǲɻģа죡
ԣаҲףеĺâĶߣͬɽаɱ⣬ҲͻȻɱǰѰµߡ
˵ѣ£±Ĳκλ⣬ֻǲϣ۸ɻӣ죡
߼˵мͣЩǰ鷳ڹֵ͹˶ԷĴ֮˷ƶԼжô
ĬȻ֪˵ĽѾ˵ˣ˵ˣ̲
Χ˾ԲҶһ䣬׷׵аľ
аΪĺӡȻΪ˵е˵аĿϣԣа⡣
㲻ö˵Ȼء˷ͱ븺㲻˲ɻӵΣͼƻɻӵĹϵѵΪǻۻ᲻㣬ΪñΪɱˣѾ޷ֲĴҪֲ
а˵Ѿ߽һֱӵС
ô
߾һЦ⣬ƺڳЦԼܡ
аɢЦ⣬ߵͬһˣ֮⣬ܵҲ׷ߣһʱ佫˵֮ˡ
ߣȻа֮ԣǾ͵´δҲδ˵ⷬ¸ǣ
аԾ֣֪аѾɱǴʱߣֻԶ޷뿪аƿصĵ
аâһȻĶ׼뿪ߣбųһ仰߾ߣ㵱ĵǲ԰ӣ

͵һһֱĵڷˣаѾɱ⡣
Ϣŭ֪´˿ڲɻӵϣСһСһж£Բ˽Ķ飡
߿־ĹڵأϵļţȻǴھ֮С
ɱ
а˵ִһơ

һ˹ӦŵŶȻЩеλǳߵģаΪ
Ҳӵд޽ɺڵΪаΪҲ޼ȴҪߵΪǿϲ١
Ҫ
߾ԱƽˣڻǼɽȻԷϷŹԼǾֻзһ
ߣȻҷɱۣ
аȻһЦѣǸһ㣬ԻΪֻعڽĿģ֤Ҳûл鷳
лһ˵Ķ壬ø֪а֮еһһ
΢Ц˵仰а˷ܲѡ
֪ˣαصϧһ˿Уʵǲģİ
̽ΧõĽƺ֪ԷΪҪԶԶǿԼԼƴȫҲʵһ٣
ĻΧһɫӵû˵СȻָΪָϬࡣ


1765 аɽ
˺ܿչ˹ƴȫҪĴҲȡ˲ٵʱ䣬ֻʣµҲѣûյĽҲԶ
ҡҡͷ̾ĲεԼ˷а֮ɱҲԲ˿ͬ顣
ɽ磬ǿΪ߲ûǿʵҲ˾޴Ĵܼȥڣ
߻֮ʱͻȻǰƺĸ˵ء
ˣΪιʣ
аЩΪԼǰ˵ء
֣뱾һʣ֪ΪΣ;ʮֵСүı⣬㲻ԸֵܣӴԺиͬͬ
аȻ˵һֿɡ
˻һڽ𾪣
ƨܵõаʶԸΪֵܣҲ̫˼ˡ
һĿɿڴвӿôԸʵ
ֹЩˣҲߵĿһƺԸ˲п࣬˵Ľ֮Уȴû̴Ӧ
ˣΪ΢һͨĽɣܵõ˵ʶ̴Ӧǣʵ벻ףԸ½ֵܣ˵ŷĻΨоܾ˵ĺˡ
˵в²ҲΪԼƨԲԼݣȻԼƨ
ԻܾʲôЦԼǵۼˣѵҪһֱһ޽ɵƨҪǴȥֻ»Ц
аȻһۣ΢΢ͷȻЦʵĺã˽Ϊϲά֮ԣʵ򣬴˶Ա⡣㲻ƨҲɱ㡣˵һֱĴ汧ϣһԶȡأΪǿԸűʵְյı˲١
ߣһʣ˲٣֪ΪΣ˺ˣҽֵܺƬر˵۸㡣
˶һ飬ѵ㻹Ҫӿѵ㻹ѡܾ֪ڴ˵أδ˽ݹֵܡ
ڽҲЩȣû뵽а˵˷ĻзҲЩж
ĺˡɢˣʸ˽ֵܡ¾ܾˣ˲ɱ°ɣ
ʮֹϵľܾľܾΧ˷׷׾ĺϲ£죬ĺûϣû˻ѡܾ
аĻϲȴɨ˲ѣһЦѣ㵹ǸֱˣȻ屾ɱ㡣
Թ˭޷ܣҵȻԸ½ֵܣҲ֡
η˵һЦ⣬аҲа̾˲򵥣ĸԸĵԼľʦҪȡٴĵҲʲô¡
˵ĺãȻѲͬ⣬ǱԻѵѡֻϣԺǧڣΪʧȥһǧѷĺûᡣ
аЦҲΪԷľܾȻǻһˣܾаؽ
ˣǰƺǰΪһЩֵ
˵꣬ȴɫ󾪣ڿǰ˵Ӱ󣬵еǵʲôѵڴ˵Ҳ𣿡
Ϯ˿ʼս
а˫ǰеЩӰ
аϼһõʷɵʱˡ֮κһ˶޷뿪⴦ء
һЦԶ֮ԽԽ˳ڲԶ֮С
аɽ壬Ӱ㿡
ڵҹڵֲָҹ˶ԣֻԵñȰҪһ㣬̫Ӱ졣
аһ£аɽһӴսһ㣬Ѹٵĵǲе˺ܿ켯ɽ֮ϡ
˷ֳ֣мĲаָӣ󲿷ĶΡ
ĬĬĹ۲ţаս׼˵Ѹ٣Ȼǵһ
ѣվڱǧҪжģֻҪڣİȫ
аæ͵е˵
л˺⣡
˵ȻаҲɶа˼ֺøС
ҲãҲգиģа˹յ£Բ޸оˣҲݵĸж
ĸҪַаɽ壬ȻЭƴ֮һսõĵ̣ǴӱʬϲŹȥλֵܽǣԸеɽƬǵĵ𣿡
аһɫսףֱ۷սǰԱ
Ը⣡
ɿ
ɽǵĵѪǵĵǵѪػǵĵκ֮УǴǵʬ̤ԶҲ޷ռǵ򣡡
аɽȻ۸ߺ
ɽǵĵѪǵĵǵѪػǵĵκ֮УǴǵʬ̤ԶҲ޷ռǵ򣡡
ͬʱɽۿһϽż˷֮ɫаĵ£ʿ
ս
а
ս
ɷӦ
˵սǰԣҲ־Υļܱߵˣֻص˵ݺγǵѪʱ⡣
δаɽ壬аѾսǰ׼£Ҳа˳˱ʤġ
󣡡
а
һʱ䣬˵ͬʱӿֳָĻâڴ֮һǿ߲âУâɼΪԻǿ
Թƣɵķٿɵĳܴ޽ɺڵκιҲ˵ɵİȫ˱ϡ
Ƿ󱻵˹ƣɽԵİȫ֮УɻԼϹ֮С
˶ˣӺԵڵ˹ˣǵֹڵҲ˱ᣡЩ˵Ϊɵۺڣʵ˭֮档
аƺɽٿ˶Žᡣ
յ֮УԶԶĽаɽΧסЩ֮УӰʱʱ֣ޱȡ
ɢ
аһӳһ̵ƿӣƿڷ֮б𽥱ȻʼɢɫĹâܿĿʼΧ
ͬʱʹƿõ޴ɶ㣡
аٴһʱ䣬ٸƿڷ֮УʼΧò˼ӣΧʧĸɸɾЩߵҲѾ¶
аϹͶ¹˵أҲ׷ɱ㡣
һ۵Ůŵ˵һŶˮˡ
û뵽ȻˣΪͿԶȡĵ룡ٶȹҲ㲻׷ɱȣ򣬴аɽȱ֮ء
а˵ɱӿƺûһ˿һĿ־壬еսȴ޵ĸǡ
аϹ˵ЦɣһûܴΪΪ֮һΣǰҪЩ¡һΣǱذɣ
ŮӿЦеɱǡ
Ѫδֻعû뵽ˣһ޷ܱǱҪϵȫˣ
аһһٵҧ˵
᳽սɣ޷ﵽĻҪͷ
Ů赭д˵
ǣ᳽
˵ԭغ󳷣³çж˭ҪΥ汾֮ɱۣ
Ůʮĺȵ
ĪҲӣ
ɴ˵ǿֱ
а˫ĶŮӣд󾪲ѣû뵽ȻԸֱ᳽Գ£ζʲô
ܣôɵģһôǲ˹֮
аЩɵһ᳽ӵеĵСԼӵеҪˣһٶ˲Ӧ
Ҫɱɱϻ죬۲ۣǲۣǱɿЩˣ
ȴĴ˵Ķ֮С
˫ŭ˫ۺݺݵĵ˹ŮӵĿҲͣ˼ӡ
ĳСӣʲôʸڱǰ˵˺
ŮĺȵΪ˶һ˵ƴҲֱӳȥԷǸɺ޵ˡ
ǱϵĽֵܣôûʸ˵أ˵ĶԣҪսսһϰɣһԵĺҶԾ
а˵
ΪϡɽΰɣһΣ֮ȫûĲ״᳽ְɣ
̲չ
᳽ʵʮֵΣ֪ԼڻңȴӲͷƤϡ
֮ս˫ʹ˻գŮһʿԽԽ£аһԽսԽ¡
᳽ͷ𣿡
ŮЦܿļʩѹȴһҲںЩµ
УֳѤĽɢĹâҫ˺ڰЩƾն˫Ĵս˸Ϊصɫʡ
˫ս쳣ңȴЩ᲻ȤϾЩ˵Ϊ۹ͺñһȺСڴܣĴĲֺȴԵЩζ
ʱһʱʱʱĹսвϵţʱ֮ڣԽսˡ
Ȼǻʵı뷨ģһע˵ִ򷨡
ֻǣѾﵽۼڵΪˣж˺սðΪҪԼ֣Щȫֻϰˡ
ЩŽҲǻκλʤϣܿ죬᳽ǿ˹ƣЩ˷׷˼ѪƵģһʼƴĽ
᳽µһ̱㷢ӳǿսаҲͷ۲ѣԣԮԼЩվô˵Ķ֡
᳽Գˣմ¼չ


1766 ѵı
ŮһЦԳս۸аˡ
ַһаµ˵Ƿǳ֮ģǼսȥаһȫС
а֪ǶˣʵԼһ֮ϣսȥյĽֻж֣һǶܾˣǱԷܡ
˫սѤޱȣڸԵķ֮⣬ǷγɵܼЧսаɽ壬ʱ˲ҽųս
ģսԵ˽ƴȫŹ£ΪԽսܵ˺Ըߣˣ˫սƾѤãʵ֣ͬʱˣ˱ǿιȥ
ػаɽ壬һս
аߺţΪ޽ɺڵĸ֣ûв뵽սУǸָЩˡ
ͷ˫Ĵ޽ɽӪָӹսҲµս֮󣬻һָ֮ıƴ
սģʽеǰԳ棬ɵۼҲŹôǿԺлᣬҲ֯һɵ۸ţǽпܺɨ硣
аһˣʱڳУʿһֱǣǶԷһ˹Ȼûռٱˡ
Ůһİ˰Զ֮УЩ˲ûвμսȫԹߵ۹սŮӣʱĵͷ
аͷִսʮΣȻͬʱԼһʵ̫ˣавʮֵǣΪֻҪȥԼһҲϵʱǰл֮С
ҲͬЩ޽һڷУаһⷨı£ֻҪ󻹴ڣ㲻ܵص˺
ѣ赣ģԸЩ֮УֻҪҷѸϵһԴǡ
аŵĶ˵
ҲЩˣ֪аôˣƺԼرչˣЩ벻ףѵǶԷԼʮͶԵ
˵ԮһԵ˱ᣡ
ͷ˵ȴǰ̾аͷԼڴˣпܻսڴˣ
֮ԶкѹѹһƬĴڣҲԿ˷ɶݵļ
ˣһܵˣ
а˷ܵĺ
ˣսʤ
а˼Ѫһ㣬ʿǸǣȻԷĹϵĶŶ˽ˡ
ŮӿҲЩˣһЦ⣬ǵ֮Ա
һԮϵЩ˴˷ӣڵִаɽ岻ԶʱŶѸٵĿģʽܿս׼
λڸϵˣԮһЩС֮аɣ
аЦ
ԮƷͿ£ܿ㽫֮аΧУаиоЩֵǣЩ֮ƺ׼Ȼ޾ԼһԮȻû׼ˡ
ͣ
Ůһ֣ŶͬʱˣаҲֹͣս
ʽͻȻ˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬аԣһõ飬ķŶΧŶӣʮֵԣңʿ϶ԣаҲžԵġ
ƵƽʼаһƽбλԮҲ׷ЦакһаеŸΪǿ󣬰ԷҪ֮ȫû
оԼͬһУһ۸֮󣬲΢΢ҡͷ֧ԮģѵģⲢȷ
ǰ֮ŮϵЦа㺦µģ֮ǰĻҪǿ
᳽ӲַأΪҪ첻Ĳ
аҧȵŨŨĺ⡣
ߣԶĵǱҪһֱĵ̫ǣǿЦȻҪǣӳ֮ʹûڹ뱾Ĳһı䲻㽫ʧȥصˡ
᳽˵һĨǳǳЦ⡣
ԣадŭԷȻԼһȫߣȫܱаܵġ
ƾʲôҪһֱڷ״̬֮УлᣬӦôȥǵأˣſֱϣ
ааȻЦðɣȻǴǱԻȫǣˣҲܻԴˡ
ΪѱȲʤȯˣˣЩѵĵʤһͿ
᳽ЦܵɣиǵĶŮӳġ
λѣһ֮ЩǰƵļһǰɣ
а˫ֱȭ֣˵
ȻλȴͬʱȻ˻شа⣬Ҳа͵һһֲԤӡ
λ˭ش
аʵ
ߣ㲻ˣλѾ뵽һӪԸͶɵһ·ɡ
ŮӵЦλѡ˳Ĭ


1767 ڳ
аһԽ¶֮ɫаңôҲ벻λôͬʱԼһʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ãаŻ˵ҪͶֱΣȻȱ˱ǾǱĵˡΪаɽ壬ƴһս޺
аǺο֮࣡£ӦѡͶֻǰװ׵ⲻֵð
һλ̾˵
ǰ㲻ѵҪЩҲһΪܸΪЩµһɣ
һҡͷϧ˵
λѾŮӣ˷ԻȰ֪аıԣԲѡͶġ
аһۣоȻ¶֮⣬һڳ̾һû뵽Ҳн졣ˣΪܼȥͶǣ
ˣ򲻿ɰһӢôܹͶأջسҪս
һ˹ս
ˣҵһģս޺ս޺ջس
һҲȻ˵
ˣҵս޺ջس
оųϵͬʱ˵һɫ࣬νǰƺѾ׼
ҲЩжһĻٿ˵а𾴵ģԼ֮ǰĸһ棬ֻһֱˡ
ڣԲս˵أҵҪʲôѡǼʤսѡͶ
аȴ¶Ц⡣
а϶ݣսĻԵЩ֪룬ʼԼǰԴ̫ˣһ˭ΥԼпܵĽ
ȻΪԭЩ˲Ż쳣ǿǿУҲԷԼ
Щ˲Ǳ£ǳȥ벻ҪΪǡ
аָһȺ˵
Ⱥ֮УȻУδ۵ˡ
ãҪ󣬱Ӧ㣡
Ůӵͷ˵
ѣܾ˱飬ζǣ㣡˷ȥ뿪˵أͻȥǧҪȥⲻĵط
аͬ˵
л˺⣡ף
˵жаҲһ˿⡣
ڴʱɻӿ鲻Խһôû뵽ʱаӪ֮С
ɻԶҲǰвԼʱţ۴һ˼ɻӶΪ𼶱ĸ֣Կ֮ŻԵñҡ
ȻѾͬͶǾϱΪɣ
ŮӺٺЦ
ͶҪ
адŭһӪˣ͵ŭһ̫Ҳ飡ҪսǰɣǾɣ
սսս
˾ɽʿ
ŮӵҲΪ֮ɫƺû뵽а¾Ȼ˵Ѫű֮ģǵսҲ
ߣΪȻս𣿡
ŮӰȻ˵һȫĬаҲסˣôû뵽ŮӾȻӵΪ
⸽֮Уû𼶱ĸ֣ˣΪ壬Ҳֻʵͳһڶ۵ء
ǣҪͳһҲܱЩ⽫ǶһĪ裬а޷ܵġ
𣬱ͬΪɣֵǣһ𲢼ս޺
аܵ˴̼ƵģΪ׺ˣηԷΪѾ֪ԼҲ;ȥˡ
Уҵȥĺң
ƲԳԷƣ
ŮӴŭܿ´ͬʱ
ͬʱж֮ƺֹǿһаһƴȫһ顣
Ѿ׼Զ˵أڲԶ˾ǰʵսһа±ء
ͬʱ֮ǿԳа̫̫࣬һֹаһϵ¶ѪȻ޷ǿĹҲ࣬ҡҡ׹һ㡣
˭뱾һһս
а֪սȥЩºܿչЩģǾԼһԼսȴҲÿЩ¶
֮УΪﵽ޽ڵģҲд޽ɺڵˣа󣬷սȴûһԸս
̶аĵԸѹԸһһս
ɱ˭㣬ڱǰ˭ҲɱˡһһǱһսһһʲô֡
ŮӿЦųа档
ааգԭ׼ɱͽģֱӦսԼҪϣΪã
Σж
а˵ǿеս⡣
ˣսʤģ
ŮЦɢǿѹ
аһڸܵԷѹ˲˹ȵأڶԷѹ£ԼеսҲЩ᲻
ɣƴˣԱ
аŭ͵ķɢȫơ
ЦżǿѹãӴѹаβĺˣɫҰһƬսҲڲ
ÿµΪȻȫ֮УǰһжӲס
абǿйһ
ĺã
Ů˵֮ʱһƳǰĳƷӭϽ֮󣬾Ȼǰһɴаؿڵսϡ
¡һ
аɰ֮⣬ҲѪ񱯰֮û뵽ڶԷ£ԼҲ޷סĽ
ɲϣôˣûˣ
ŮЦʮֵ⣬ǰĲǶ֣һֻϡ
аץˣٴοŹŮӣһ죬аڶαǿлˡ
Ůɽû赭д±㽫аɱ仨ˮһĻıɼԺС
ΪˣŮӲŻ飬ɵַԷ޽ɺڵˡ
ͬʱάŮǵͷӦܵĽĹά
аͬһ㣬Ƿ񣬼߾ȫȥһܻʤսսǷ׷Ϊ֮ݡ
ʮ֮ɱ㣡ѾǵھˣһУɵɱ壬Ҫٽ
Ůӵ٩ûа˷ΪԼţаˡ
ʵ̫
а֪ԼϾͻᱻɱֺαںһʱأ
аٴŮǰʱȫڵأȻаݾߵ֮
ȶһ˲䣬˶עۼаϡ
аһѪۣϵıȴƽޱȣ翶ʿκκ¿־֮顣
αˣ
̾
һ̾ϢĳĬգ˷׷
аҲ˹ȥ΢΢һЦЦʮִݣѣ޷ֵܣֵܣ
Ǻʱδ֪򣬱صƹδͬȥûɱ㡣
˻һڽԾ㵡
˭ƾʲôڳԣ
Ůȥ֮̽ǽɼˣвʮֵıӡ
Ϊȴ˵˲ĻֻзӲŻڳ˽ΪˣаҲʮҡͷ
ѣ뿪ɣҪΪҶװɥʧС1ĺ⣬ˣ
аҡͷЦ
аѣҪɱѣȻҪܣΪʲôڳԣܿͻ֪ˡ
΢ЦڿлУս֮أ˽ԲĶЩ֮̽˸Ƿ׷Կ˵
֮£ȴûн֣һڵˣҪΪ޽ڵ˳ͷսһλǿʵ̫Цˣ
ŮͷЦã˷׷׷͵Ц⡣
ܺЦô˱ɣͽȫˡ
ȵһɰԵϢɢܿòͣסЦ


1768 
ȫˣ
а̾ʮĶ֪ڵ˾Ȼ˵Ŀԡ
ŮӵЦȻֹĿɿڴУô벻ԷĻ˵ز
Ҳͬǲɻ֮⣬ôľأ
һŵĳĬȫˣаµҲ׷׿ЦҡͷûʵһУ˵Ļʮֽ
֪ߵĿҪôɱ
ŮͷЦһҲû¡
޷粻ˣǶˣΪأѵΪ
аϾǾ˵ˣôǸӣˣΪһ˿ڴ
ϣǺõģԶԶȾҪõĶ࣬ˣа̬ȹıȭ壬һΣ޷ҵȣҲԲѡ
赣ģ˵ĻȻ
ʮƽ˵ŵЦ⣬һĪĸо
ǷӣΪǿߣ
ɻаʱĿԴ֪Ӣ˵׻ӵжôʵ
ȫӣ
ŮЩͬʱһṦһ͵ķˡ
ǧŶӣŮӵָ£ɢҫ۵Ĺâǿаһͬʱľѡ
аϴŹЦ⣬ȵʱݵļѣһ𲢼սҵң
ҲǱɵңˣѾ˺صƣȥϢһɣ
Ц˵
аܾȴһ޷ܵĴԼӿе󾪣ʱŸȷĽΪ
ѣҪСģǵŶӹ˺𼶱֡
аȭ˵ȻˣаɽеϣѾзŴ˲١
ˣҵȾΪźѶʵĳŵ
аߺһ˺ܿаɽĸأа֪ǰսʯƾ죬Ψ֮ܳ꣬Բɺˡ
Ů¶Ű֮ɫо㻳ɶԷΪȴҲԿ϶ԷΪԼڲ֮䣬ֿԻʮС
˭Ըӭս
ŮӻȻʵ
һ¶Ϊ֮ɫûԸսŮаŭû뵽ЩԼΪҲηǰ
ɻкܶҪûʱ˷ϣɸһŽṥĻᣬɾҪȡˡ
ǧϵˣ̩Ȼ˵
ŮԽȣͬʱҲԽԽɵԷ
ãȻҪд˿ɱԹҵȣ
ŮĶĹâоԷһ
ɱɣɶ޺֮ɱɣ㽫ɡ
һڿУȻ˵
ҵǿһɱ
ŮӵҫǿҵĹâʹȫ뼴ĹУˣǼﻹ˿ı
ΪȻˣ⣬̫ƽˣ
аǵ˵ЩΪô˵ֹҲԳ֣ʵЩ̫
ˣҵȲܼȣ
һ˽˵
ɷ׷սûԸһȥô˵ĹаҲܣһ󣬻ҡͷܾ˵
԰꣡Ȼ³ŵһǿΪһԴܵˡ
аȵ˵
ǰͣ
֪ͻȻ˵аһ˷׷ź֮׳һ˲Եôµ
عͷ΢΢һЦŵЦܿĸȾˣƾһЦԽԽ˵ϣʼӵʵ
Ů˫۱ɺ죬иܵ˶ԷĪ裬ǰ˲Ǿ޽е顣
ԴӴﵽڵΪŮӱԼ޵УһͳΧأΪΧľߣˣδκ˷С
˷ŮΪŭ˲ŻһȻаɽеˡ
ɵĹʼڷϷǻϵǿɢ̫ҫ۹âǿƣľս
ڿиֶɽûΨҵϰƺû˵ַС
ϣҪȥ
аĬĬĵ棬ЩԸսΨֿǼΪ̵һĻ
ǿ׼һȻγʯ쾪֮ƣж뵽飬ˣֵܷĹ˶ֻɵ̬ȡ
Ůӵ˫ɺ죬ҲԵЩ˵Ĺ׼ɺŮڿһοֲĹˡ
һɣ
ŮӵĺϷǿ۵Ľ͵ĳϮȥӴγһΪǿƵĽ
˸ûѡܣûѡֵԭأһĵЦ⡣
ƥĽնϣȻ⽣ʯ쾪һ󣬾Ȼûɱ塣
һԵǿ󹥻ڰ֮ϣ˿ûԭеЧ˶¶˲˼顣
ܣڵˣҲֱӳǿĹɣôģ
ŮץˣһֻѾ鲻Խס͡
̫ˣ
а˷ܵһʮĺͯȻڿŤ赸µҲͬʱ߿ĺ
ôǿĹʵڲô
ŵ˵ֻǣʱǽʵĻ֮ϣû˵ٴС
Ѿ¶˿־ɫȻڵʵѾǵ֪ŮҲ㶵Ĳ֪룬ôҲ벻ΪһιûжԵκε˺
ŮӳĬгֺ֮ɫһ˿ֲ飬Ȼ˷ִ磬ȻµЩ
γĿɿڴΨвɻ¶Ц֮ɫΪԤΪǿ򲻿ǣ˭֪λǳΪĵˡ
λο
ŮӾʧѯʵ
˷ģһʲôķ򣬾ԲܵסĹ
һο
ˣΪ̫ðˣһιɣ
һ˵
̫ã
аЦЩͷΪ֪֪Ǵأޱ
ˣΪԷսʤ磬ҵͶ֮ߣ
ɻȻ˵֪ԷΪɲ⣬ǴʱҪ翹ףǺ롣
Ͷ
Ůӵ֮ǿҵɱ⣬ĶŲɻӣ޲̽ɱ֮졣
ֻǴ˵濼ǣµһġ
ɻӹģ￴Էеɱ⡣
ߣСȥɱ׼ͷ­𣡡
ŮЦȿ̽ԷʵֿɳȥҾĵ
Χûκһ飬ɻбԭһ⣬ȴĽ
½֮
ɻӿЦĽȻŮӵİ¶ݳ˷󣬵ʱﻹ˿ս⡣
ǰˣвɸ̾һԼǰԸɱ¾ѾһΣֳԼĵжһ档
ǷѾΪ
ƽʵ
ǵģǰȾ£ʵǱΣ򣬾ǽһҲǰԡ
ɻӿ־˵
ߣɱɣ
Ůŭû뵽¾Ȼǵ˿ɲԼҪĽ
ǰ
ɻӿЦɽͻȻĹ
޳ܣ
аӵĺȵҲΪһѺ
ɻͻȻʩչ֮ȻֱţССҲЩŭˡ

һץȻɽץУɻ򾪺ҪɽҲû뵽ԼͻȻϮûȡκεЧ
ɻ׼ɽʱһɴɴ֮£ɻӷԼѾ˶Էǰ
ߣ
ĺһһһֱն˲ɻӵͷ­
ɻҲû뵽ԼһʱԼٲ֮أʱĸַ緶δػɱСɫ
һɱɻӺκεķᣬɱǣǱԼɽɱģһĻΧ˳ˡ
ɻӵ֮廹ܣȴһɴ˹
䣡
һǿҵıըӿдŮһķҲ˼£ޱԭء
ǲɻӣ屻Ƭ֮ҲըڿУһʱ䣬
Ůһݣһε̽ҲСɶԷΪҪΪ
ǰΪȻǿҵоˣаɽҲסˡ
а˵ʱѾŰٷ֮ٵģʤƽҲʼ෴ķб
һϲҳаһ˻ȸԾ֮ʱŮһԵʿҲ䵽ȵס
Ƿ׷ŮӣŮоᣬôû뵽Ķ֣ǲսҲ̫ˡ
ʱŮӻ㲻ΪΣҲٳ޷һԭڡ
ѵΪǿ󣬱ʮ֪ѵΪǿ󣬱ɾԲ¹аĵ̡˵һнᣡ
ŮӴ»СС»ޣȽƽˣԺлһӲ٣˴ξͷΣԺΪ
Ƥ֮񣬱Ҳʮ
̵жŮûаӡ
Ǻǣа󴳹أа뱾һƽϡ
ŮӾסаȻͺá
뱾˵Щûáֻ֪ǰǰڴˣаɽ˱㽫ڣҲᱻɱ֪˵ûУ
аЦһҲλӡ
͵аһۣĻﲢûпĳɷֻ֣ʵ˵ѣ˳һ
Ůʮааʶ̧٣ȴѹֻʣϻСЦ
νʶ磬ǻɸΪ񲯣ã
ŮӼϣ˫ڴʱͽ⡣
뱾˵ô޷һǰ˵㣬Ҫ˵Ͷ˵
аһҲɵƤתƵϡ
ֻ˵ЩһʼѾעˣͺãǾԲܵģ֮䣬ֻһܼȥ
һ仰Ů͵ϣ
д̫ɺȰѵΪ㲻ɣΪǿҲǱɵĶ֡
Ůһŭֱ֮Է
֮˭ѣѾǸ֮ˣûԣ˵ɣˣ˶ڲúȥɸƬ̵ʱԣ֮󣬱ɱǡ
ϵЦѾЩû˿ĺøУ˲Ż֮
ڴ֮ǰЩǵɪɫѾӡԺ֮Уԣ˷κһ˻·
ԣаҲܵĿ֮һֱʵⲢųһֱ̫ˡ
ŮԭضţȻԷĻѾ˵ˣǻ̸ʲôƽ
ɱһҪɱȻаɽˣ
Ůӷĺ׼ٴλ֮
ߣ
һһȭԷķ
䣡
Ȼһҵıըֲıը֮УټķȻ˲߽⣬˲һ
аĿɿڴǰ˲ıը֮󣬸һӰǰĿһƬɺ죬ɵѪγɵ


1769 ƹ
ô
ŮӾֵѪд
һȭ֮˲䱻ƣǿĹаһȫ㶵ûܴǿҵѸٻع
ۣǿеѪʱɢĲ֫ɽµ䣬ǧϵˣʱ˿̽ʣ¶ʮ˲һѪӵӳһ㡣
䣡
ɢһϮ·ĿУһ˵֮ͼѣĽķ顣
Щ˵֮壬ûжȤΪΪﵽɵۼ֮֮ͨѾʧȥԭеã񣬾𼶱֮壬Ҳ᲻еĶȤ
ʮ˻ţЩ˾ֽӣ˵ͼܣ֮ЩʵΪ˱һʵһȭ֮е˶
ȻγױȵЧǰŮңʱ޷²Ϊֻ֪ΪԶԶǿԼԼǰû˿ʤĿԡ
ǰ
˾ֵģҲľĴУܼƻ
аñǲẠ̊́ܲаĳƺƺӦøˡ
Цſ˵
ǰ²ǰ̣ɽǿʳΪɱ¾ǳ֮¡ǰʱ֣ҵȽһѡǰǿΪҲһ¾ǡǰƵµĳƺţʮóš
аϹϾĻش
ǰˣǰǲŮѾͬһ㣬ʹͷһľ֮ɫ˻ţȻѾľ֮С
аɽɱ䣬ֻΪ˰һжȻѾɱ䣬Щ˶޻Ŀܡףͷ͵ɾյ˶ϣ
һ֣ɾֽͬźɵķһ㣬˲䳹׵ʧڿУ
ֻŮӻţʱ״ķͬ˳ףԷֻһ֣Щȫ
ǶôǿΪ״ﵽʲôΪΪʲô˵
ŮأΪվǵ˸߰ͷ­֪ҲĶ֡
û뵽֮ܵңŮӷһ󱯰ЦЦѪһ˿ԡ
ŮӴʱ֮״аҲ겻ѣЦҡҡͷңΪĺճ֣ЦһǶԷ
ɸᣬִԲƲµˣΪµһܵУԴõ³
ƽ˵в֮ͬģΪжߣһǳ£ǶԷԼһ˶ѡ
οͲΪŮӦõõԼͬ飬ǰǺεȵĲ񣬻аɽеˣԼ֣϶ྶͥ
ǰ֪ɡǰҪһˣԸǰΪǰ
ŮȼϣڿиӣʩչˮϵϵѪҲˮĸɸɾ
һˮ֣֮һɾޱȵŮӳڿУϸ֮£ʱŮӵмɫ˾µ֮⣬Ҳѷɫ
˼ƣ
аЦƾԷɫҪԼʩչ˼ƣǸͲܵ顣
뷨ܺãǣҪˣҲΪΪʵ̫Сˣûʸ񵱱ɵˡ
ˣȻһ֣ȻһǿĽƣŮаС
ֻΧɫһ仯ܿ㵽һԭ֮ϣ˵صķ羰续ʤգֻ˽ûȥΧ
ǰ³ĲƯ
ŮԳЦ֪ԷܾҲֻʱϵ⡣
ǵģ㻹벻˱ɵķۣңҪˣôҲҪﵽɵΪ˰ɣֻΪɵ۵ľ̫ңԶˡ
΢Ц˵ʱ˿ֻ̣ڴˣҲõϢй¶ȥ
ͬʱסˣһαľ𾪣ûɲŶԷĻΪԷԲһϵˡ
ǰѵһɵۣ
а𾪵ʵеԸӣôԼ֮ۼһɵۡ
ţɵΪ
ͷ΢΢Ц˵ǵ̬аӶҪɳۿˡ
ү¾Ȼɵ۽ֵܣһ֮£ǰ˲С˹ԭµĺ
а˸
ɵ۵У޺
Ůв޸̾˵ڿ֮ϾȻһ˿Ц⡣
ڴʱȻŮӵϢ˲䷢ž޴仯һ̽ʮķŮӵΪȻڴʱ
ŮҲʮֵû뵽ԼΪͬʱȴ˵ľ
£ΪڵˣΣǿֱӴﵽɵ֮սǶԷĵ֡
ǺǣɵۺΪҲȻǱɵĶ֡
˻һаҪ⾪˵ϢιȥܿжΪѾﵽɵ۵Ķ壬ˣɽ缸Գ֮Ϊ޵еĴڡ


1770 
ɵۣȻᵽ˵Լּʵǵ͵Ŀ£ΪˣаŸоԼһξУʵξš
ǰҪɱ£нʱ򣬾ǰ֣Ҳ˶ϡ
Ů̾Ȼϥоͻԭе֮
ɸʱ˵󣬷аڵأ˵ĹϵȻҲͬǰǰ硣
ɣԸ뱾ɽֵܣñɻΪɱ𣿡
Ц˵ʹаһ֮Լæڵл
һɱ㡣
˵аĵͷǣȻ¶ų־˫ظ顣
аԭأǲ֪˵ЩʲôеĻڴʱӦڲ֮ǰԼԷ̸Ц
ñɸòɱ
Ѱһʵ
ǰɱɱǰʲôѡ¶κεķ֮
а˵˻Ư
ҡҡͷԼ˼ֱڰʣΪǿ£ԼԷĹϵҲĪı仯
ǲΪԷʵĸıûйͬԣˣԼԷֻЩԵ֣ԳΪͨѣȴԶҲԳΪֵܡ
ðɣҾˣ
ͷЦ
ŮΪڽΪںԭеƽٴαƣ֮ǰѾ˱֮ģΪЩľ
ˣŮȴǺް취Ѱ棬ǣ̾һ󣬱ݵ˵ǰȻΪͣԸ˶ϣ
ڴʱаҲ̾һ¶ϧ֮ɫȻǲϣڵ˾˶ϡ
ȥҲûа취ֻǲ֪ԸԸ⣿
ƽʵ
ǰ뽲ֻҪܼȥԸΪǰκ顣
Ůæѵ˵
аΪɾ
صЦ֪аƺŮе⡣
Ůסˣû뵽Ҫ죬һΪһ޽ڼΪʵЩ˾÷˼
λλΪͲŮеĳʶǣĬȻûش⡣
аϴ󾪣аϲǹˣԼԺһڵˣƬΧ֮أѾԳΪ޵еĴڡ
ǰֻܴӦ
ŮӻشĲˬ죬ֻڱε²ͬġ
аԸ⣿
Цѯ
ǰԸ⣬лǰȫ֮⡣
аıȭ˵
Ǿˣ
صЦҲЩ⣬ֻΪаµԼѾƹһβ˶֣аɽ壬һڵΪͣӴԺֻҪаҪޱߣӦǿԻĸõġ
һнĸǰУȻһ̤ϸԶ;
УʩչسǰУܿĺĵ
һ·֮ϣ֮صԽԽǿмͨǵ֪ǰһۼ֡
ǿ԰ȫͨһ·鷳Ϊڴ˵عı¶٣վ֮١
Ԫɵ׷ٵɳĮԲûԭģЩ۵ǲǳԼϾһнпܡ
ףôûۼأ
һֱڷǰУ¶ûκΣգҲûеĵۼ֡
Ȼһ·֮ϣҲ˲ٽƣԷǿ͸ֱͨû˿
ַ죬ԼѾҪĺĵΪһ·ˣΪֱ½ơ
СĽ䱸֮УѾΧΪ˵صΪûдﵽڵģǿҲǴ޽ɺΪ
νյأԭǴ˵ۼΪĸֶûУǾɳĮĿɲһ㡣
аھɳĮ֮УҲұ֤԰ȫͨȴǸоʮ׵ľͿҪͨˡ
Խ󣬱㵽˱ɽķΧһƬΪɽΪ߽ն֮ڶ࣬ɽҲɽ֮Ϊصĵطڡ
ѾҪı߾֮ʱȻǰŨĿ£ԼĿҲ޷ʮɾ룬ʶ̽飬޷̽鳬ɷΧ
д󾪣ΪԼɵڵΪֻ̽ɷΧľ룬ʵǾ޽е顣
ɷΧκһ˶ԣǾԵİȫΧһͬ˻Ǹǿ͵Ϯ롣
ŨŨУͲȫٷУΪƬδ֪ĵΣķһСľռ֮УۼֵͻϮ
ԽǰУԼʶ̽ķΧԽԽСȻûĿ֮Χ
Բʮ֮ڣԸ֪֮⣬Ѿ޷̽ˣǰɣҲǼѶս֮¡


1771 ħ
֮ǰĵͿУû̽鷶ΧڵĴǧֹˣ޷̽ԶĵطʱҲζΣ֮
ڿУܵΣȻһһĳǰУÿǰһξ룬ΧŨһ֡
Щʲôѵһ𣿡
뵽פһԿܷ֮е
ֳκȼһźɫĻ档
Կƺɫ濪ʼֿƵȻڻ֮У֮㿪ʼͼɺɫ֮е
ֻǣʩչɹʱȻֻ֮еȻѸٵûãЩȻӺɫ֮жݳ
֮⣬ʮ鷢ˣǺɫ澹ȻĶϨˡ
һӵлˣϨζʮֿµ鷢ˣԼĺɫ޷ɿе֮⣬Щͬһ㣬ǵô򵥡
ɫϨһֺɫ澹Ȼʧ֮У֮ЩɫҲһʧӰ١
ЩȻԷҵĺɫ棡
д󾪣ɫǺڰؼһ֣ǿ͵ģȻڴ˵ʧһ֡
źɫϨǹɺɫ֮УԽԽԶҲ޷̽鵽вɰԼûʹȫĺɫ棬Լͻᱯ͸
ĪΪƵߵΪҲ̫ǿһʮֵĿ¡
ʼ˵ΪҲ֮Ϊ֮ˣҲɳĮ֮ȫĵ򣬶Խɽ磬֮ء
ʱ˿̣ﻹҼ̽Ч޲뿪˵أֻǻͷȴ뷨ϾԻͷݣȻѾǱɽҲѾԶˣֱһĴƬа
ٴεҪʩչԼΧ˱仯ȻγһȦԾҫâ
ҴﵽɵۺΪҲſڴ˵ȫذɣ
аԽп࣬̽鷶ΧʮɷΧʱԼѾʮΣյľ֮Уֲ¶Σɾһӣʱܻܵе˹
ϣڴ˵صĴ˵Ҳϣ˵ûеۼ֣
ҰοţȻһһĿʼǰ̤УЩε֮УȻ޷֮еȾɳĮ֮еĴΪѡ
Σұͨ˵أ
¶֮ɫļǰУһҪ͸Ƭã֮ء
ಣ
Ҫ֮У־ȻʧȥЧԼƬ֮޷֮С
ǰɣ
д󾪣ô벻ֹΪڵ˽֮Ҳ֮ܶУ˷޷ɾԲô򵥡
ڶ̽󣬺һĿɿѸͣȻתŽԼΧ
ǾɳĮе֮ͬֻʮɵĵطΪհˡ
ಣ
Ҫ˲Ʊܿɫ磬ͼ˲֮ʱһǿεĽԼ塣
޷˲ƣ
Щˣĵطֱֲ̫ˣκҲԸֵطȥ
͵ԼһƥͷճԲ󣡡
ԳҪ˳˵أȴ˸ǿ磬һ趯ľˡ
ͼתʱĵ֮ԶԶԼ֮еʮϣһǲԸǿͻΧ
ôȥˣ˴֮Сϧϧѿǿ츳Ϊȴ޿κΣ
һߴԵɤ˷ˣԼںʹȻۼǿڶ
ĬţԼܱߵĺɫγԼԭأܿ㵽˸Ũ֮УΡ
ԼƬ֮ΧʧӰˣԼڸΪŨĺɫУ£̽뿴ķΧˡ
ɣǽľѾ룬̽޽ӽäսףһΣûʧ顣
ãѾ޷֪ˡ
д󾪣ڷŵתţѾʧȥԭеķУζżԼ߾ȫ˵أҲһͿ뿪
ܣĪҪ̫СߣͨɳĮ˵أվͨˣ
иŮӵѵ˸о˵Ѫ
ģ֮Уںδ޷̽鵽ǣԣѾ൱ϹӣڰʱԸһ
ŵĽ͵Ͳӵӳȥ
ãޱ߼ʵ֮У֪ѾҪӴ˵ضݳȴЩ֮еˡ
֪˶ãѾʧˣΧƽڿУ򾲾ڿУ̽ķΧԽԽСֻһɶԶľ룬Ҳɰ̾档
ΪʱͬһϹһ㣬ںڰ͵Цʱп͵ϮԼ
ΧĿ£ǰǼ˵ĶԻҲʧӰ٣еֻһƬޣ֮УҲƽ
ն֮أвţǱľȴЩ˷
ãҲûܵԷĹвЩɻѵǶԷɱ֮ƣȵԼɽ䱸ʱչϮ
Σü޵֮еȴȥ˷ʱ飬Ǿ֮еˡ
;˵أֻǰɽ磬λͨһָǰɽ֮;ɶʤм
ȭ˵ɫ̹ȻǲԲ
ٺ٣
һЦԶаԾ裬Ψ˶ԷϮ
һᣬԷ޻ӦҲƲѣЩ˾ԲһĵˣȻʼղԼһԻĻᣬΪԼɡ
һɼͻȻʶҪ̽ɼ磬ʵڲ޶Ѷȡ
ô
а˲䷢һɫնĿԼͷ
˫һ仰û˵һʩչɱ֮Ҳ˿ȻЩѵԼǺ۸Ĳɣ
ɲǼ䣬͵һμתǺɫĽâͷϵķ˿ն
֮һ˿⣬ԷȻҽԼӵеۼڵΪҲδؿԼķ
ף
֮ʱҲתͬʱ͵ĳǰУе;У͵һץ֮ץһֻ
ʹԷҪѣǣʹǧŶԷȵλã֮һٵתʹ򵥵öȴǡôĽԷֱ֮
֮£һбס˶Է͵ϮҲû뵽

˷һҪֹȴ˫۴һҵʹڶԷ£Լ˫ۼҪԷֱ۶ϡ

һϥ͵ײ˶Էĺ֮һ֮˿ɽĹ˲ҽһѪ
Ҫɾɱ㣡
͵ķֻһ𣬶Էս־Ȼ˲۶ϡ
ĽڿУǲȻεڽϣ򷢳İ֮
㣬˱ۣ
˷ߺ޵ĺǶϿƺҪֱ۽£ȴһ߷ɳȥ
ʱ˵ʹ£ﻹƿеĽˣĿƣֻʮεŭ
һ̽飬ǵۼ֣Ϊɵ۳֮ƾΪҪɱԼֱڰΡ
ಣ
ɽ˶Է䣬һ򷴹ץסһֻһ˿춯Իٶɱ
Բɱۣ
˾ֶԵĺ
죬򣬱ɱ㣡
˵ʣԽƽˡ
ۼ֣ĵһһǣԲһ
ĿŲ뽣һͬʧУбߣȴԵЩ޿κΣͲ˵һ
ֲ̫ˣԲһˣҴˣӦ˼еġ
аԺڲѡ
Χʮֵİǿʹ˵һ仰ͬͲڴ˵أȻ˵ֻƬ
˵Ҽ͵Ϯɣؽ˲ɱ
ԹԵ˵֪صĵ˿϶
󵨵ɵۣٷܣ㽫֮ء
һŮӵǴǰ޷̽鵽׼ȷص㣬вɸоЩź
ߣڱУ㻹񣡡
һЦֵɽ΢΢һʱն˲䣬һɹѪɽıԵ£֮ܿС
ǺɫѪҺ
鲻Խ˵ܿԼ֮ǰĲ²ȷģ֮УȻħ˵һۼء
Ҫ
ŮӾеȻǱľٶŵˡ
֪ã˵Ҫ͵Ϯɻԥɱ
˵ֵʮѪҲֻⳡпռݸơ
ѺιˣлĪҪ˺ܣ
Ůӵָܿ
ιˣɻ֪Ϊλ͵ϮأǱΪǿѾ֮£Ǳ֪
΢Ц˵һۼ֣Ҳ¶ԷˣʲôĻѣֻ̽һ˭֪ѵΪǿԭһᣬס飬Ѿ֣Ѫ˵أˣȷܣκԿ
Ůӽ͵ӵɱ͵Ϯ˵̽
һ޳ܣң̫ˡ
аЦȻشĿǰҲ̽һ£Юǻ᲻ñ뿪Ƭ֮ءȻ̽ԶԶûнںͲٽԼλߡɵ˼˵ĺף
Ů־ŭû뵽λǿĵˣܵڶԷУʵԼΪ
ĻŮиƣ룬ȴǾȾȳܣΪһί
ðɣɵˣ̸УڱԿʼˡ
ŮεĻش
ɵۣЩħʲôʱɵˣ
Цʵ֪Էħ֮ˣҲ֪Ϊʲôɽ֮С
ʲô˸£ðɣҶħۣ
ŮӲòݡ
ʼһֶû˵Ѿ׵ŵˣΪ˵һһ˵ǶƺͲںɱԼ
ɸδ뱱ɽ磿
ҳƱɵۣǼԳƱɣǶԷԼ뿪˵أԼҲ˵ħۡ
ԣŮӳĬˣòſ˵⣬»ǲҪˡһ룬ͲлȥвҲ޷ø뿪˵ء
Ŷô˵׼ˣ
˻һӵ㼱ˣ徹ȻҵĲҲɿһЦ
ȻԷ̰֮ˣ;Բ̫Ѱ죬ֻҪռȶƻһл
ħ۾Բ˵ֻ²֪˵صǱħ˵¾͸ױħ۵Ŀˡ
ŮӿЦ
ŶȻпԣǲ˵ģҲǾ֮ˣֻҪǸӣҲڸϾɱ
Ȼ˵ҲԷʲôĿԡ
Ůһֱ֮УԶԶĶѾһεĿǹͻϮֻΪͶֻܷͻϮ
ǰ֪Ƭ֮Уֻסλħۣ֮УݲģΪҲǿġˣǱħҪ뿪˵أҲֻ
˵֮Уħ۸ʮ֮࣬ҵ˵֮ʱħҲˣò˶á»ݱħĶԿҪӳ˵أǲܵ顣
ԣд󾪣Է֮ԣ˵֮صħ໥֮ϵҲ˵ò˶ãħ۽ԻʱԼҪԵĿɾԶԶֹλħˡ
еķ˵صħ۾Բ̫࣬ȴδػ֮ĵۼ١
ô˵ĿԾǲòܣ
ʵ
²ûױħ۵˼ðɣɱܣǾɱɣɱ֮󣬱ԻΪѩޣ
Ůӵһת̬ͻȻ֮˸һٰʮȵĴת䡣
㣬ԲҪң㣬ȾҰɣ
µͻȻ˻ƺ»ᱻȽֿ־塣
ܣҲûãһ֮ԱЮ֣ȡ㱾ѹ㣬ԼСĵġðɣͲ÷ϻˣֻүעˡɱ㣬Ҳֻܹ˲ðɣ
Ůҡͷ˵˼һҲѾˣԼͶԻᱻħЦ
ͬܣһվȴôķңһ̵鰡
ʮֱЦԽЦԽñ
ߣôˣһһλãҲͬӪȵģԲˡΪ㣬Ƕڱо޴Ӱ죬ȴ΢ġߣֻɱ壬ħ֮һ룬ʱҪһ壬練֮¡
Ůɵ˵

ӳ̾һ
֪ЩħôˣһϽ໥ƺʵ򣬶˵ĸԶԶûбϵôá
ĸΪѵΪ޷ô
صЦֳаȵĹâ
ߣɱħ۵壬ǱħҲȥˣħ֮Աʱɱ㣬ҲὫըˣչڴ˵Ҷһһ˶ѡ
ӵƺˣѾñɱˣħ֮л˵ء
̫߿ԼˡԱ۶˽⣬ɵһ̣ǾԲħ֮ԱġȻһһǱɾͳȫ㡣
һеɽ͵ն£Ųҽӵͷ­ɶ
㾹Ȼɱħۣ
ӵħ֮ѸٵĶݳ壬Ȼߺ޵ʵ
ЦǰǺɫӣϸ۲죬ɫӼΪһ壬ʵǺѷֱǺɫӣ
ȻߣѵΪҲħ֣֮
кӵħ֮壬͵һץһɾǿźɫӡ
뵽ԷԼħ֮ҲŹд󾪣ȵӦʱϧѾԵЩˡ
һֻֽץסʵĺɫӣ£ӵħ֮޷γȥ
ĵҲ̫ˣȻץסħ֮壬ѵ㲻֪еغһħ֮Ա㽫֮ء
Ůӵ
㣬˱ħۣ򣬱ħ۽ʩչħ֮Աˡ
ޱץĺ
ϧԶҲûˣ
͵ʱһźɫĻӿֶźɫֻ˲䣬űʧ
ŮĿɿڴû뵽չֱķʽޱȵһ
ܹħ֮Ǽ˲ܰ쵽飬ˣܴﵽΪħ粻⣿
ħ֮ȥ
Ůӷŭʵ
ŶѾɻˣ͵˰ɣðɣڿ޼ɵıˣɵĹ
̬˵Ȼʮֵš


1772 Ԩħ
ߣ㵱ħۻͷԵļһһֻܵŹԮħӵħ۸֧ԮˣվǱħ۵Ķ֡ˣħۼ֣
Ůӵ͸¶ŵ֮ɫҲһ㶡
ս˺ս
ҲĸоǱȺ۰ΧԼοأ
Ů˵֮ʱͻȻʧڿС
ΪץסŮӣѾʩչ˼˲ƣһ˲ƿ쵽ޣֱŮӵķ˹ȥ
ಣ
ŮзٶȳԶ˲ƣʮֲƽǣԼ˲ٶܵĸţԷ˿Ӱ죬˲ӵ֪ȥ
Ҳֻƾ¸оҪץסŮӣ룬ҲͻȻ֮˵һľ
ħ֮ɣҲܴħ֮еõѶϢ
ܿ˾ʱ֪ΧǺδǻ籣ԭزȫܵŮӣֻҪһĽ䱸Ա㹻ˡ
ӵħ֮巢ΪҵĺУĻáԸı䲻ʵҪ֮壬ȴΪ໥̫󣬸ûɳɹ
һСĽ䱸һѾչħ֮ɣܿ״̬֮Уħ֮
ɵۼֵħ֮壬ɻΪźܴãΪȵıչҪࡣ
һʱѾ˷ٵɣʮʧǲδӵħ֮лü䡣
һεջ
ˣ
Ů𾪵ĽгʱѾӵħ֮ʧȥ˾ϵϵζѾ
һü΢΢Գţ׼üƻһҪٶ뿪˵ء
Ȼɱܣ
һŭĺӲԶ˻һ֪Ӧ֮е2ʱܱɱȻҲʮŭ
߿죬ʹ
֮飬Ҳû˿ĺڣ·;ϣɱҲ˼ҳ㷹ÿɱһ˶ڣⱲûҪˡ
ܣǧҪ嶯ǰǸһܱѩ޵ģǵȵҲ١
ŮæȰɲһ֮ʧȥλܵܡ
㣬һҪΪܱھҪɱ
ӷŭĺѾʧȥһ㡣
Ȼ뱨ǾͷɼɱܵܣҲͬɱ㡣ҪΪĳѿ֮ܣɾͻ㡣
˵Ѿ뵽һ˵صķҪݼ
ӱԽŭȻȴǰסˣһԣǸҪȵĶࡣ
ηСȻɱħۣ
һȴӲԶʮ㣬ǿеڲ
̫ˣԨħˣһ԰Ǳѩޡ
Ӽ˵
ţԨħһˡɱħ۵ˣֻҪĿԴɡ
Ůӵͷ˵ӭıǾ
ֻһŭһֲԤУԷпħۺڵΪ֮ǰĶλħҲϲ
֮У޷Ԩħ۵ĵҲ޷̽ߵΪһֻƾжϡ
Ԩǰ
ͬʱ˵ֻһȻ㶢֮е
ܸܵԷĿϬǸŲȴܸܵĿԼӡ
£Զ;˵أȴû뵽Ⱦ˴ֱͣӽΣ֮أȻͼ͵ϮɱΪ˼ȥѷ˲ɱ͵Ϯħۡ
˵֪Լ˵ԷҲ֪ԼԼһ˵ǾҪԷӦˡ
ߣô󣬱·һѵ뱾ħ㲻ɣ
Ԩħ˵֮䣬ͬ׹һ㡣
̫Եˣشɽ֮УôҲɽĵ̣㱾Դ룬ҲɵͷɡȻħۣ˷ռɽ֮ΪѨͲϳѵѵⱾɣ
İڳ֪ΣԷҲһԼɱһħۣԷҲռϵơ
һɺԣħ籾Ϊһ壬ˣħռݴ˵أ쾭֮¡ħ۵ĵ̣Դ룬Ҫ⣬˵أһнǱħ˵㡣ܹܴ˵еħۡ
ԨħЩЦû׼˭˭еһ
ȫħۣ𣿡
ҲЦʵ֪ԼԲЩħ۵Ķ֣֮У֪жħۺڵĸ֡
ѣǳѣԣһ˿ʤ㡣
Ԩħʮֿ϶˵е¶ԷǰԵǲԽԽĸַٵĸƬ
ôҲ벻ͨЩħô̽ģԼҲܿĸԶ̽ĸԶҲԭزŶԷΧˡ
ڱɶԣȷʵѣԲǺʤ㡣ɹһ˴˵أѵΪ˵ɽˮģ
˵û˿ľ֮ɫ
ԨħۣʱҲò˼ȴҲ벻ͨԷΪλ˵򶨣ƺûκεĵ


1773 ħ
ȼһɵ۵ʱֻԶ֮䣬ɵ۱㱻ŵĻɢûзӳӦеʵ㱻ɱˡ
˵Ϊ£뱾ħ۲޹ϵصѾ˴˵أܿͽˣǹؼڡ
Ԩħŵ˵ľδܵĻӰ졣
һϵҲûУǸºΪλħ۱ѵħȺ֣ɵ۾͸öһ𣿱ɳϸµΪ˵ãֻ˵Ȼɽ磬ȻɽʵռλǷǰ飬һκ⣬˵رؽΪ֪ʱɽۼֽӿ˵أЩħ֮ɱƬײ
ҡͷЩص˵֮ǰ˵࣬ջΪʱļı̵ġ
ȻһʼʹıЧͽۿۣʱ˶ԷעŶԷ˼ԼĽУܽıЧӳ
Ȼ֮ԨħҲɰľʱ׶ԷвãҲһֱӴ˵ء
Ƿĸɵ۵أǱɽ߾ֻ˭뷢˴˵ħ۵ĳѨ
ԨħԽ˼еҲԽԽࡣ
ǺˣǷλɵ֮˵𣿡
Ԩħ۹мʵ
ӣڷ˭²һ£
Ȼӵţڹö෽£ʵΪöԷڲ֪ԼõȦס
ӣħ۸û˵
Ԩħ˵Խ˭ʾ֭룬˼Ǳɽĵۼˡ
Ԩħ۲³ɵۺȴԱˣԨħ۵иΪɻ֮һ֪ɵۡ
Ȼħ۲µ˽Բǣǲ˭޷Աħγκεв
Ԩħɵ˵
ڴʱʮħϢĸϵһͬʱƺԨħۣԨħҲҵ˴к
ħ۵Ѿ²²Щħ֮˾ԲϽʮ۵ʵ֮£ˣԼҪǼǲʵֵ顣
˼֮ʱһŭȵԨħۣȻɱһħۣϻɱ˳ѪծѪħ˵أɵšԨħ۲Ը֣ħɱ
Ѫħ֪ԸֱҪΪȥ˱𣬲嶯ħҸħһʱ䣬ȱħ۽Ū׺󣬵ʱʱ𣬱ħ۾㡣
ԨħȰѪħһֱͷۣΨ¡
УħھҪһҲֹͣ
Ѫħ۸Ե
ħ֮УҲֻѪħ۵˶Ԩħ˵ǻħۣһҴŭԨħۣ򲻿롣
ѪħӣǱħ۽λͣ쵼ɣ
Ԩħֻʹɱﵡ
ԣղŻɱ˵Ѫħͬ˪һ㣬֮ɢ˲٣ǷһεĿЦ
ԨСӣ֪ħԸ嶯Ҫħ쵼ˣǶԱħ۵衣Ӯˣţħһ֮Եġ
ѪΪŭ˵жԨҲʮֲԼǵϴĲϣҲֻ˵˵ѡ
λ԰꣬ħ۲˺֮ǰΪ˱棬ħֻСĽλܹ⡣
Ԩħ΢ЦĹ˵ħ׷׵ͷǣѪħֻһƺȻԨħ۵Ļ
ţаԲ²Ѫħ۵ΪһʮǿܳԨħ۵ΪԨħۺ
ȻҲҿ϶Ԩħ۵ʲôˣȴѾ²µѪħʲôˣΪԸԶԸ򵥡
Сӣ˵˭İɣ
ԨħЦʵ
ɵۡ
ͷ˵ֵЩ°ȴɵʲô˲ģᱻԼܡ
ȻƲɵۣȴɽ綼źպԪɵ۸Ϊ
ħԣҲͬʱΪ˵ӰպյɵۣɽĶݣҲζŵɽĶǿߡ
һϢź˿ڴ˳ĬȴǸѪħֻۣз֮ԭɵģħ˵ɽôûýһҲ֪ɵܲڱħ߹ʮУڴ
Ѫħ۵ԵںϣгһɵһսԼǿʵɵۡ
˻һи˼ɱǹ°Ц⣬ûΪѪħ۵ĿԶı̬
Ѫħ۵ĵλԨħۣ˵ķʽһͷԼ򵥣֫ļһˣ˵ٿĻҲûбҪš
˳ĬţԨħ۱۲ϵı仯ԴжǺܿʧˡ
ԨǷȥɵۣʱ򣬱ħһԴɵۡ
Ѫħ۴˻һڽȻѡ
ԨħۺݺݵĵѪħһۣǴ״̬ѵͷֲﵽǺδɽĵϣսɽѾõĶ֣ʧˣ롣
㲻ôˣɵһָͷ㡣Ųűȥɵ۶ɽѰ˵أʱЩħһҲӲˡԣǻǲҪĻˣŴʱɣ
̵˵¶ʮֲмЦ⣬ȻҪðɵ۵£ȻҪʮֿ
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ԨħԣҲŭˣԷſ
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Ѫħ͵ı֮˷Ѿս֮һǱЦŻش뱾ħ۲սʮа˾ŻڴˣСӣɿ𣿡
֣ΰĶֲһս٣ѪħģɾԲԨħث֡
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ҲˬʵЦ⣬ѪħߵΨһ׷ҲЦ
ЦﻹԨħ۷Уһĺǳֻ֮ЩǳԵô
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ֻǲðգ뿪˵أһ룬ҲͻˣֵлȻѪɫڡ
֮ڼ֮ܿУӵĹЧʱǰһЩ·Լǰʧһ㡣
ѾǰһȺħۣԵ΢Щ谵ѣӦ󣬺ܿԿԶȺɽˡ
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ֻѪħȴħĹ̥֮һʱħ۰νӭѾǨŭħۣˣҲῼκεĺ
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˫ԼѪħħЦħ۳ս˭ǰ
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1774 ռצ
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ԨħԾΪ֮һڻΧʱǽĬĬͷһЦţս⣬ħ۾սмǲɹħ۵һġ
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1775 ײеɵ
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Ԩħ۴
Сӣħ۹
ħڿŭʮǿ󣬰˾⼤ŭԷ
ôйڽأ
Ц˷ƺû˿ŭ
ħдŭûнԷŭӰľԽԽǷ߿޲̽ԷʬΡ
Ѫħ۱ųĬϵЦʮֹŹ֣Ȼô޳սʽȴҲоʮȤȻԲս֮
ħôûã׼Ԩħ۵˳ⳡսʱͻȻһЦǰ
γڿУһЦĶħۣЦʵԵЩ⣬ĿⶢţħۣҲоһü޵в
һƻС꣡ѵ֪ŵħҪ֧Ųסˣѡʱս
Ԩħа뵽Ȼɵ۵ǻʵڲ򵥣ԶԶĳԼĲħ¡
ߣսһû˼顣ðɣħѾʧȥȤħ۽ѵɣ
ħ˵ų滰׼˳ս
ܣҲ̫˰ɣɵ踺أɲΪһսôˣǻ˱ɵһӢߣΪһɵۣСɽɵ۵ӣɾǴˡ
һȻħ۵ĺ󷽣סҪ˵ķ
ħԨħҲеħҲͣԣֱﲻݡ
㣬ղŲ˵ں𣿡


1776 Ѫɲ
ħԽˣֻһɺӿļ䣬ǿѪɫצѾˣܿҪڿֳԭΣԼʵҲ½ʮԣǻսʤԷֱǳ֮¡
Ŷ˵ˣɵ۸ղԲǿЦˣڣɵۿҪһʧȥˡ㲻ҪܣǺúôһòãģҲײеɵۣҲˡ
¶Ц⣬ͬǿСĸоһ㡣
ڽħ۵־ŭԭеѪɫצѸٵڿʧαҲ¶ڿС
㣬ֱ̫
ħ۵ɫ԰ףʩչħ˴ˣʵ½ĿɲһɶɣħĿǰ״̬սûбʤġ
һֻˣһʮ֮ڡѵ۸ʮˣɵһһս̸۸֮˵ţҪսɵ۵ģˣ۸Ҳ۸ɵۡ
˵ЦԽаȣֱֱĶǰ
ħԶԣʵڲ֪ηԷʱڿУάȡ
Ԩħ۵Ѹٵתţص˼ţ£벻һħ۳µĺɡ
ÿ򣬱ħ۾Ͳˡ
ħƵĺȵԽû
Ŷɵ۵㲻
˫֣ʮν˵
Ԩħһ֮˷׷׿ЦҡͷѪħɷϷЦԽǻ۲Сˡ
ţ֮ƣֻлȥˣһս㲻Ķ֣Ҳʹܾ˵Ĵ򷨣ΪħĹסʵڲУֻʹԱħֶ֮ˡ֮ܶħ۵ķ緶
Ԩħ۴Ѿħˡ
ħ۵͵ڿоҲԨħ۵ĻһԭҪʵģ˭֪
ٲÿħ۾ͺƴˡ
ħɫĺкâһȻ˱ħ
ʱ㡣
̩Ȼ˵ڿУð֡
ħһ˿֮ɫ͵ķŭȫͻȻųѪɫĹâֹâ֮£Ծ˵ٶš
ȼħ֮壿һˣ
ЦʶŶԷƵı仯ƺѾ˵ۼڵƣȻﵽ˵ۼڵơ
ħʩչ񱩵ѹΪѾڵۼڵħۣԶԷۼڵɵֵۣܵסԼѹ
аԸ̾Էʵ̫Դˣһʼʹ̽ҲҪȼħ֮壬ǣڵһҲֻͽ͵翹

ħۺȻԼѹ£ԷڿУʯûܵӰ졣
ԭɵûôС
ħа̾ٴѸٵʧ뵽Լȼħ֮Ĵ۶޷ռЩƣвɱѡ
ȥɣ
ħ֪ܷǿս⣬͵һնһѾۼħܷĽ
ĺã
ɵһն
˵ĽڿзҵײȻ󷢳һҵıըħ۵屻֮ңʯԭأŲмĳЦ⡣

Ѫħ۴ЦʱʵҲԼǰСٿѹƵۼڵħۡ
ħ۵ѾӿѪ˿ȫѪɫâ׹ӿ͵ķһŭϾȻͬʱֹâ
ѵҪʩչħ֮Ա
ѪħаʱЩԥҪҪֹԷ
Ѫħ۷ģʩչħ֮ԱҲ¡
³Ѫħ۵⣬Ц˵ǸѪħ۳һ衣
Ԩħĺˣħ۵Ѿͬһһ㣬Ҳжôǿʵ
ȥɣ
ħѾãһβ˷ɵͬʱʩչħȻԱǿһ
ûжܣɵĳûԷĹһ¡
䣡
˵ͬʱˣͬˣħȫ˵ģұ˵ͬʱиǿѪ

ħ۸û뵽ԼǿһҲ޹ʱֹܸķɣԷԼԼҪһҲܡ
ȻħҲԲù
ħ۷ߺޱȵĺ仰ȻԼٶȳȥ

һһһνȻӭԷ塣
ħֻø͵һʹȴԼĸȻĪĽնһεĿӡ
ͬھɣ
ħ֪ԷѾɣʱʩչħ֮ԱɱԷҲضشԷ
ǣħҪʩչħ֮ԱʱһɺɫΧסԼħ֮壬ԼȻ޷ħ֮Ա
ô£
ħ۱һĻɢ
һɾ޴ħ۵ħ֮֮ħ۷Լħ֮徹ȻѾɵ˶ԷС
ֹħۣΧħҲ𾪲ѣû˻Ԥ⵽ȻɵĿħ۵ħ֮塣
ץסħ۵ħ֮壬΢Цħ֮һۣȻҡҡͷеħ֮ͻȻʧ
һĻòħ۾ȵĵֱ˫ĿԨħҲ˺â˫а̾ۼڵɵ۵츳ʮ˵á
ץסħ֮лֻ֮ʮأòΪħ֮˷֮С
ܺãҷʤˣʵǿϲɺء
Ѫħ˷ܵ˵
һԶѣʲôֵϲģοħ۲ǵۼڵΪħ۽ǲ츳ǿĵۼڵħ۲ս㻹ǲҪ˵̫ˡ
Ԩħ侲˵Ͼֻʧһۼڵħۣʧ̫
ֵϢһȥӭսڶ
Ѫħ
Բɣʤ߼սܴҷˣǾԲսġ
Ԩħ۵˵
Ѫħۣģɵ۵Ҫʧ¡
ŵ˵
Ѫħ۵ͷЩɵһۣͻȻԼħսÿɱһħۣħʵ½һ֣ƺЩס
ֻԨħǱĿѪħӿһɼǿķŭ֮⣬ҲͲٶ룬ȻҪסԼĲǾҪѪĴۡ
Ԩħ۵ͷƺĻͷһµħۣʱ˿̣Щħϱ鲻һг˼ģзŭģеǵģȵȲһ㡣
ûԨħѾһħսԨǰԸսӮħϡ
Ԩħдϲ˿ħ츳֮ڵۼڵħ֮У츳Ҳǰ
ãսѪɲǧñħʧ
Ԩħ۵ͷ˵
ԨǰģѪɲԲħ嶪ԨǰʧѪɲΪȥħ۱𣬽ʬΡ
ѪɲĻģһ˿ĸ顣
ҪʬΣĺô
ȻЦеҲСƶԷаٷ֮ٵİգҲӦСĽ﷭ʮֱˡ
ֵܣѪɲǵۼħ۵ٮٮߣǧ򲻿У򣬱ɰ
Ѫħ۵ǵѵ
Ѫħ۷ģɵ۲ǿױͬħ۴ܵġ
ƽ˵ЦĴѪɲԼһѪоһ˫ûմȾѪȡ
ֻ۸ۼڵħۣϱħۣ㽫κεơ
ѪɲмĶ߰
ɣ
̵˵һνĿѪɲȭͷϵĸоԵЩ޴ӷ
ಣ
Ѫɲħֺֽ󣬺ܿһٵıǣиɱӿ
ѹô
һЦǻɽȻûֳκεĽٴС
ߣ
ѪɲŵһΪħ֮Ҳ츳ΪǿħۣҪѹԷʲô¡
ħ۵Ĺս£ѪɲӿǿȴɽһЦվѪɲĶ档
ƵԽǿѪɲҲое󣬰֮飬ͬħڶɵʱϾԴ֮УȻѪɲΪѾӳͨڵۼ֮ȴ־ȻûаӰ졣
ӢЦѪɲж˼֣ˣѪɲҲֿԼʵ
ڽԷʩչѹԼֺξ֮ѣǵۼڵħʩչѹԼҲһʹھԵ֮УοһۼΪħۡ
ʲô¾ʹɣڵѹɵۺ޸о
֪ܶԷԲż
ѪɲʵȻһξй¶ȫĵƣ֮ԣв΢΢ŭЦҪ񣬱ħ۾Բôܵġ

ͬ˺һ㣬ž죬ѪɲΪĵ㣬һɹεɱı
ǿıһ츳ǲСӡ
а
Ѫɲһݣ˫ͻȻǰʮʱ֮ȫѹĳӿȥ

еڶԷƳ£徹Ȼֱӱ˰֮⡣
ߣˣ
Ѫɲӵҡҡͷ֪ԼһƶûԷȴѾֵס˵Է츳ȣԼҪǿࡣ
ѪħۿЦҡҡͷĵȻʲȴҲǱȲѪɲ츳ز°ܾѶ
ξͬеһҶۣڿĵģЩվȡ
Ԩħһħ۷׷׷ЦԨħޱ飬Ķƺʲô
ѪɲϣȫŵЦ⣬ѾһжϣƵͬͨħڣԼ츳Ķ֡
ģħҲһ
Ѫɲŵ˵ѾΪ¶ȫơ
ײվΣѪɲ˵ռƶѣûʲô˵ġɵ۾Բ׷䣬б¾ʵܱɵۣͱģͽЦ

Ѫɲ̲סЦ֪ԷϬվȡʤĹؼֻʵӲ
Ц׳ա
ٺЦ˼ŵ׸δܶԷѸײڶ֮أǹʤ֮ơ
ѪɲЦȻûĵ͵ĺ֪ɽСӣĩա
䣬ѪɲѾʧڿУȻֱ֮ʩչ˲ƹ
Сģ
Ѫħ۽źΨԷһɱ
ԨħȴüѪɲһɱ˶ԷԼһҲһ£˵ɵۣ롣
ˣ
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Ѫɲ˲֮ʱеɱһţȻԷһԼأԼҲˡ
ѪɲԨħ۵ٵܵһӰ죬ԭ׼һɱԷģΪ˻˶Է
˵ʱ٣ʱ죡
Ѫɲκܿǰʮ֮еĽ֮ƴڴʱѪɲȴֶԷ徹ȻƾյʧԭأԼĽȻ޷Է

Ѫɲһ亹룬ħ͵һʮȵķΧ
ã
Ԩħаȴ̽鵽һѪɲϿյ
һɫĹâƿն֮ϿͻȻն£ٶ֮죬ѪɲҲ壬޷ЧѸٷӦ
Ѫɲ˫дɻ󣬾̧ͷһɲǣֲӿֳһ⣬ֱĸоѪɲŵ
ôܣĵۼڵĸ֣Ҳӵôٶȣ
ѪɲԺ뵽еħѸٵĳͷϿսɱȥ
һѪɲԼڸղŵһбˣôû뵽Լͷ­Ȼڴʱ˳ȥеĽҲֻһȻ
ಣ
Ѫɲħ֮ٶȳ壬ûԶͻȻһֻյƾճ֡

ѪɲҪˣܵҪ룬ȴֵֻٶȸ죬ȻһצԼħ֮ץС
ѪɲҪԷʱȻǰâһԼѾһȫµİ֮ء
λڿ֣һץ㽫ѪɲķϤץסǺУѪɲα壬Ҳܿĳ·䡣
˶ˣ˵ǰǸۼڵħ۱ɱǸ⣬һΣͬħ۰ܸԲôˡ
ͬħۣʩչ˲ɱͬʱȴɵɱ֮ʵԽܣοǰƱƴУѪɲռƣ˭֪ս֮ʱȴǱһɱ
ɱҲˣֲѪɲħ֮ҲѸٵʧ˺γ²ⲻֻ˵ħ֮Ҳɡ
ɱʮֵĿֲͬħ֮壬ǿֲ֮ԣ˽ԲԼ۾
⣬⣬ôܣ
Ԩħ۸оͬ޴ĴصĺղŻѪɲ飬˭֪ȴǷ˹
Ѫħ۵ŵ˵˺þö޷Ӧôᷢչ
һƽһðѪɲħ֮壬ǳһԼصѣˣֻѡѪɲħ֮壬ʲôʱɣǲż
ֵӮˡ
Ѫħ֮ϲ
ŶӮˡ
Ѫħûеһαֵô˷ܣһ뵽ħ֣֮һָĸо
ɣ
ĬĬĺˣһֱ˵Ѫħ۵
Ѫһ˲ɱħۣħǧˣĻδ𣬾Ϳˡ
Ԩħһĺȵʮֵŭƽ޹ʵľʧ˶£رһ츳˵ĵۼħۣħʧֱ̫ˡҪսȥֻ¾ԼһʤȴҲֻһʤ


1777 ɵ
Ѫħ۵бЩһԨħָʹģʱŭɶԭеĲҲ˲ɢ
Ԩ϶ħʧħۣһжҵģҪǾ͹Լɣ
Ѫħ˵
ʱѾ̫Ĺ˼ɣֻҪƬӰ쵽Լ̽飬ûѪħ۵֧֣ԼҲл뿪˵ء
˷Ѫħ۵֧֣иаӳֻͻΧ϶ħѡ
֮ǰôЩԽħۣڽӴ֮󣬷֮ˣҲ޼ɵۣۣħۣͬ㻹Ƿǳ֮ģ˵׻ʵΪ
ŶλħԵĻҡͷЦЦ˵ķϾֻħڲ飬ԼվһˣĲκħڲ飬Ǻ¡
ɽħ壬鲢ǹҹܣ֮쳣ӣĿǰҲɽ֮ռħĵ򡣼ȻˣҲһֻ۱һֻۣαض¡
аȻѸ뿪˵أǼЩħ֮
ԩԩ౨ʱˣλħ嶥Ϊĵۼ֣ڴ˽ħ岢κκô
˵ܿ˫
˻һ˫ħ۽𾪵û˻뵽ʼٸ߻˵Ļ
ֵܣ˻
Ѫħɻʵ
ѪħۣΪԨħʮָмţɱ˶λħۣڷ˼ֻ˵أĿֻ밲ȫͨ˵أȴϱħ裬޿κ֮£ֻз
չ鲻ħ֮ˣΪһ˵ħңĽ뿴ġˣϣλħֹͣΪѶԶλΪǿħ۶ûκεĺô
ĵĽ͵
ô
Ѫħ۵ɴ˫ۣԴϵҡţô벻ͨͻȻʼΪħ㡣
Ԩħ۵ӹµµתţȻ˼ţĻҲòͬվħѪħֱһʮ޴顣
ʲôˣϰ߸߿ԼͿԷҲ̫СЩˣ˵ˣɵֻۣҲز¶ʵںħ֮£οҪԸۼڵħۣҵһȻʤʸߣȴҲпܻһʤսħʵǻᵹꣿ
Ԩħз˼һԽͬĻΣΪһɵ۶ħңվһֵóƵ顣
ѣΪλħĽǶȿ⣬ѵΪɵۣΪɽ濼ҵڴ˵ضӣʵɽ磬յ˵ѾַɽΪɵۣΪλΪħ忼ǣ
Ԩħ۵ȻֻȴǰҪ˲٣Ҳɵͷ΢Ц
Ԩǰдɻʵ֮Сɵۣǲɵʵǣµ۽ȴɽ硣ΪȻͬʱڣôΪβĿԶһأɣħߣν磬ֻǰʽĲֵͬġΪ磬Ǿһ磬ǿĳԶһ㣬ħͬΪһ硣Ȼˣħڴ˵ضҲ˺֮οֻܿܿһ߶ѣ̸ɽ硣ˣ¿ԽħӴ˵صʵҲܽħɱ·˵ľٶ
Ȼ²ڴ˵ءԨǰ׼°ȫȥ½ʤмҲԲὫϢ֪ɵۡ
΢Ц˵˷һиΪˡ
磬Ǿһ磿
Ԩħ˵ɢϲĹâ·ʲôȴһʱֲ֪֮ʲô
ֵֵ֮ԸⱣܣħ۱ؽֵܰȫ뿪˵ء
Ѫħ۵صĵͷ˵
¶лѪǰ
ֱȭ֪ʱҲһֶΣǲսֶ֮Ϊأ
ԨħۺɵĶ˫ۣƺҪĿǿãȴǸо޾ܡ
ԷĲ˵֮¸֪ɵۣ
Ԩħʵ
Է𣿡
ѪħҲ˵ǰ֮ԱɵҲһĹϵϾѪħ˵ɵ۵ģԲħ֮֡
¶Ϊ֮ɫһӵˣƺ޷ݵľᡣ
Ԩħ۵ǳ鴤һ£ǶԷģԼܷȥأ֮٣
ѪħҲǶԷģԼҲƺûҪΪԨħˣΪǽʮֵĲֵá
ħϢ׷׵ջششһǷ񶨵ģҲ;Բȥ
ԥһɫصľģľԲὫħ˶Ӵ˵֮¸֪ɵۡ
ԣԱͽڲܷĻϣΪͻûɵ̸ۣϢ֪ɵۡ
֮ħȴͬʱһԨħۣǰһֱѪħ۵֧֣Լ˲òͨѪսķʽ˿ֵ̣Ѿɢ
ѣȻѾԣǾһҪأҵ֪ΥԣηҵҲһŹ㡣뿪ˡ
Ԩħ˵Ҳƽħ۵ˣΪѾΪ˹ȥ飬ǾЩ鲻ţԼһҲûʲôô
ֵܣͷĵ뿪ɣһ죬Ҳħۻȥɽ㡣
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ѪǰҲҪ˵ħ֮УԨħ۽ħϣ˫ͣħֻаٺһ
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ѪħĵͷʱԨħҲףѪħ۶һۣȴѾûǰֳӸС
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һ֣㷢ִ˵ؾһϵɭ֣һо˼ïľ½ľҪߴʮֹˣƬɭָĸоʮֹӡ
ʮ˻޷ƳһȦľЩֲαװİɣ
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ף⸽ľȻĶ޵ĴڣƺЩϾɽ硣
а
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Զһͷ޴Ļյɢܱ߲ԶһƥȴȻԵõڹľУԶֻҰһɱ
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һѾ˸ɻԼûп˵ؾǱϿ͡
ĪǴ˵һþ޳֣ȴߣΧȸҲȻڣȫΥɵġĸطﾺ棬Ĺͨõġ˵⻢޲Ի֮ǹ֮¡
аûбǰıԻ
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ĴޣԼվǰͬһֻһ㣬ԶҪС
ҸղſˣӦóΪһСһ
Цŵͷ˵
ĵͷƺͬʱĻ
ûãͷǾȻʮ𼱵ĳ˹Ȼվ˻޵ߣ⵹ҲЩˣԭǻ˺г棡
µĶͷ;޴ĶеЩͷͶκƽġ
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Хһһ޴ǰ͵ĸ߸߾ǷľצͷϿգסƺʱпܽ˺Ƭ
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ͷһǷ˫͸ŹĹâ
޵ľצڰ֮УĶôǰСྐྵȻ޶ԣһҲںԼв
СһвûõġͿջĻצ
֪ͷ͵ĶͨԣǱЦ˵
޾ͬĻдȻ֮ɫһֻצĸˣǷצӼҪͷˡ
ڴʱ͵ҡҡԴƳһۺǣȻ˾ľצ
ѾǰĶͷ̽飬Ȼûзκο֮ͷ޲ʹһˣҲ̸ϣˣľ޶ԼԼֱͬϡ
ǵͺ˺ɣȻ壬ƺʱпܽǻ޵׹¶Ȼǲǰʾ
𣡡
һ˺ǻ޵͵ԭתһٰʮȣһ޴β͵ĺ
⻢޵ľβ廹Ҫ׳䲻ķͻϮֻһͨ࣬Ŀԡ
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һɲʧӰ٣ͷ޵Ĺ˸գ̫ͣҲԭԵЩġ
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ŭǰצָ޵Ͽգǻɻ̧ͷ˿Уȴʲôûз֡
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мˣͿǸվڻ޵ıϣֻ޺޲󣬺͵ѹ壬ȻǰһԾӴ徹Ȼ˿УԾϵĸ߶ȡ
޷ֺǳԼɴŭӴ͵Ĳһβſкݺȥ
ǱǺİæǻûѾ޵ĹţںȻڿһת壬Ȼ˻޵Ĺ
ǣȴǺһߺˣһ߷ٵĺʱһЦӻ޵ıϴ
СһϮңСҽɱ˿ųԡ
ٺЦȻڻޱϡ
ŭɶҲ벻СļһôͻȻԼıϣԼô͸оأ
𣡡
ôˣ͵ĳȥһҪϵ˦ڵϣȻԸ
޴˼󣬷ʧȥټովָо˱ϵǸ˾ȻԼϡ
Ǿֹ
֮ɫӰȰԶʮͷǳڲԶһĻǻҲ˲ĺС
Ӧͷ޷۵糸ԶɰЦ⻢֮Աల£ʵԭġ
ʮǽ뻢ްΧǸĻΧȦ˫Ĭ̶ȵҲòϡ
ǿԮԽԴ󷢣ƴȫֱֹҪϵ˦ǣΪͷ޿԰ƽġ
ǣƬ֮ǻ޻δѱϵ࣬вȻѣʹͷ­Ҳû˷Ƿߵİ
ͷԺͷ޸壬ſڵϣʱͷ޴ͬʱ
ԭЩҲЩǻ۵ģе˼
֪⻢޿κѰͬİվıϣͽֱͷ޵湥
ͷ޵ĿĺȷǾɱҡҡͷԼɱ䣬Щ޾Իᱻ
϶ѣɱ֮αأ
̾ȻЦһ֣µĻ޾ȻƾճϿܿϵĸ߶ȡ
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ͷޱŵĲᣬֵĺôԼӴ徹Ȼա
ͷ޳ɵˣһգôŻ޿Էգ־ͷ޵İӰ졣
Сһǣҧѽ
оΥͯıˣһͷҲա
ͷ޾ֵڿǵצӷڿץţͬˮҪץĵݣֻϧڿֻȴ޷ǰˡ
һںҲȫŴͣʱ棬ЩҲȫգһʱ䣬ϵķ׷Ծ˵ٶݡ
ҲܷʱθҲܣ
Ǻһʱò֣ʱƣЩǵе׹Ҳʧȡ֮޵Ŀ־塣
һЩǻðǾǺǻۿˣȻЩͨԵģܿڿĶ
ˣȺҲֻгˣ֮Щȫ֪ǲѾķĻᡣ
Сһǣ֪˲˰ɣ
Це˵Ƿ׷׵ͷﻹ˿İԡ
ʱԶͻȻӿһâһȴηðˣȻ۸ĳ


1778 ֮

΢΢Ȼԭɽ绹гһ˵
ಣ
âһһɷ߶ڿУһͷɫɺףһȣʳָңָŭ
ߣеĻǣһɴ۾ߣ߿Դߡ
һͷ֮ϣɫߣеǺ޾⡣
˫ۣâֱһ󣬰̽ΪֻһʮͨˣȻոմﵽɳڵΪ
ΪˣԷ̽עһ󣬶̽£Էʮа˾Żѡ
δ뱾ģ
Աʵ
һСľ͵ˣôˡ
ƽ˵¶΢΢Ц⡣
˵˵ǶԴģ˱ĳһ棬㲻
ȵ˵ޱȣһҲû
΢΢ҡҡͷа̾Է֪
һЩǷ׷ƽĽ棬Щһٶȳߵ·ȥ
棬Ȼ˫ۣǰֵ߳ĻԺ֮һһӹ
ŶԭǾǰ˵ء
а
Сӣ˱𣬻
ϵıͻȻɲɢŨŨɱ⣬в֮
˫ۺɢǵĺâ⺮âŵ߻һ¡
ɳڵˣô˿ֲѵΪ
߲ޱ뵽Ժ󣬶ʱͬʯ㽩ӲڿУİ׺Ҳܵĵľҿ־塣
ƾ㣬Ҳɱɣ
˵һĨЦ⡣

жʱκˣû뵽ԼȻۣԷΪǿߡ
֪ѵǺηʥǰе֮ĪҪ뱾ƽϡ
ߵĻ˲ÿıҲʧȡ֮һ˵Ц
ֻż˵أɱ㡣ֻҪʵʵĻشɼ⣬ɾһ
ж߲޺øУҲɱϾԼΪԷֵԴҲʵ
ǰѯʣ¶֪޲ԡ
ͬ˪ӣҲû˿ԸϾˣ죬ӶԷҲжϳԷΪԼ֮ϣǰֵη
ԼĪʱ֮ѾʧڿУһ֮ɫߣʱ˿̣ȻŶԷȻŹԼ
үʲôˣΪʲôڴ˵أѵǴɽ紳˵صˣ
ߵɻأܿ뵽ʲôƵģʧڿС
ֱ֮ͨӴһңȻЩ֮⣬ΪһڿС
̷ֺеˣжһŮ֮д

ŮӵһУҲ㶵Ķû뵽ش֮оȻһİ֮ˡ
˭
Ůӵɽ龯Ķʵ
ҲͬʱɽٴС
ȻһЦ˲㽫˵Ϊ̽־ȻߵΪ˲ֹһΡ
ӣ·˵أùڴѡ
΢Ц˵Ųæ߳
վסֱɲˡ
Ůӳָֽ˶γɺΧ֮ƣƺʱпܷĹ
פ΢ЦĴǰŮӣŮӾδ𳤷ǽɢڼͷ쵰һ˫ۣȣͦٸƽ˼֮ɫĸΧĶӻҪϼ֡
Ůһ׵ӣ˸һʥ߹ĸоǳͬʱȻ޷ʥ֮С
ߵĶӣ൹ҲֻŮһȣȴҪѷɫ֡
Ůʣü֮ɷǵߵЩƣĪǸŮϵ
аԲ²ţЩҸղûɱǵѡ񣬷ôӴƯŮʧȥףԵ൱Ĳ̣
СĪҪ嶯ɲǻˡ
аȵЦĿ޼ɵǰŮ
Ůд󾪣ڶԷĿ£ʧȥȫܡ
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һӵǳɽһҪ
һȴȰʦܣĪҪ嶯
ʦ֣̫ųˣ㲻ϲʦѵʦ㣬㻹ƽ޶ԣ
֮ǰӴ˵
ҪСʦ֡ãȻΪʦͷǱɶһȡ
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һ̫аˡ
а
׼֮ʱŮȴ̧֣˶ʱһۣ˽ͷ
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ǸһҪɱɣκβǱɵĶ֡
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ЩѰζʵ
µûɱɸף֪
ŮӹʵжԸ׵ʵһֱžԵţǲ̫Ÿ׻ǰӢ֮֡
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˵꣬Ĵ͵ķ⣬ɺ׵ߺĳڴ֮С
ǰ鰡ǰŹµŮԼӡ
ɺ׵߷ڵأֲĵ
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αػԼһأ
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ԩ޳ΪһҪɱأ˰ɣ
Ц˵˻һڽԴ󾪡
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ǰҪ
߾ֵĽеս
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ЩԻˣЩôŹֵģԼֻһţѵͿǽųģ
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֮⣬жپȻʣʱȴļ˽ĺԼҡ
⵽ô£
ɻ̽ΧȻڲԶһŻɫӰԼٶ˲ţжʱΪ˶ǿС
ĲҺŮ뿪رҵĴţ򳤺һͷϾǶĺΣǰɷѲڡ
ǰ½͡
߹ֵȻſЦĽ˵صĹ£ԭһǱɽһصˣڲ֮ǰзڶߴżӵ˵أǡɷңǱ˽
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ô£ΪοԵֵ֮˵Ľأ
Ϊ档
˵ע£һȭպ֮ţһٶŵ˻һ


1779 ڤ
䣡
һ촫֮ŷȻһǿΪˡ
ǰǧҪ嶯µļλʦֱΪǿйţȴǷˡ
æ˵Ȼ֮һǿķ֮ȫܾҵķ֮
ȷʵЩŹ֡
ͷûмҡ
֮֮⴫ŭͷڹţվһģϿ콫ڵ֮ϻǲȻϱһֱס˵أԶҲ
ܿ㷢ߵ¶쳣֮ɫƺν֮
ģɶǵ֮Ȥǿġ
Ц˵ŵһս
Сӣ˭棿
洫
ɵͽ˭Ͳ顣㻹ʡʡɣ
˵Ȼм
ǰ˴ѣµܼռ֮ȴҲָ֮ʱ磬¾ͽ֮ǰǰĪҪƴǡ
һϹϾ˵

Ůӵ˲ųOͣôŸػ֮Ȼô׵͸һİˣҲ̫ˡ
׳գ㵽ʲôôԽڤڵ֮͸ˣǲϺͿˣ
ܻ֮ĺʵ
ͿҲãҲգɽһǰԶҲõ֮
ͷЦŶԷƺΪ˷ܡ
ߣڸ˵̫ˣʲô֮ɿûӦܡٸҺ汾ɾͿţ֮˽롣
˵жԵķ޶ȤΪΪﵽĵزһķѾ벻˷ˡ
һصţΪǿľȻûﵽۼΪˣν֮ҲԼǸߡ
¸ǰ
߿ɥ˵֮ĿЦ
ɱ㣬ˡڱǰҪڣ콫֮򣬱ɾɱŮ
ĶŮӣŵߴʧɫû뵽һ֡
֮ҲЦˣϾ֮Ǳ˶ȡվо޳ܣңҲһҪȡܴ֮
վ֮ͽ
ŮӿЦҡͷǰΪԷ֮ⲻ֪Լǿˡ
ǰ¿Խ֮ǰҪӦһ򣬾ǰɱŮҲԲύ֮
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˵
˻һڽԱɫҲû뵽һԭԼԷȻ˿ûб֮λ뷨ˣ롣

нâһȻնһӡ

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ҪɱŮԸ⽻ѿ
Э
֪ˣαص㽻ҲһȲŮ
΢Ц˵ɽ͵նŮӵͷ­

߾ǣһѾ̫ˣŮӵ֮ҲûɽĹ³
̫Ϸƴˡ
ߵоˣԺֻʣһͷǾöԷΪΪۡ
ͲǱɵĶ̸֣ƴ
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ԱḶ۵ġ
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˵֮ɣҲɻһ
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ߣһȻҡҡͷǰȻΪǿ󣬿ҪȡµķǾ޿֮¡µķǲϣƾǰͨı£Ҳ֪µķںδ
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´ˣԭǰԩ޳ʵڲвǰʱ֮ӣ
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΢΢һЦֳǵĹâ
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ǰ¾޴֮ˣϼһΪŮΣϧ£¾Բʹưոݡֻǰ𷣣ԲŲ˵滰
ߵæڽ͵
ǰʦ˵ʵ¶˲޴Ѿ˱ļƻʱһǺĪ
ұߵҲݺݵ˵ֳԹĹâ
ŶǶΪ΢Ī˵ɱͷҪǵʦ㣬ҲһһϦ֮¡ˣαѩأ
Цʵһ仰ʵ飬ʱö˵ԵܵӰ죬ܿȥ
һʱĳ嶯˭У԰˭˵
ǣҪɱԣԶ˵ʮѣ˵ϣã
ǰֻҪܱԸһʹࡣǰΪǿǰϴӦΪͽµѪһԵñ
ֱߵޱȵ˵
ʦͽһݣ
һѾΪǵߵݣΪһӦҪ
ǵʦŮУǲÿԵõһ·ʵǵʦһȻк޸м֮⣬ȴҪѩޣЦʣʦ̵ǣǵİȫǵ֪ܶ£ʦĽ̵֮ڳޣ֮У
Ȼ˵˻һзԻ󲻽ˣ֪Ĺ۵Ϊβϵĸı䡣
ǰ˵ǣһǰ̵ǰָԽ򡣡
һ˻ֲ̿˵
̫ͷȴδ֪ǡȴ治ԭҪ㻯ȣⲻ֪Ⱥ޻ڸ֮ġˣǱɾ֮ˣԶҲûᱨѩޡ
˻һ˼ˣľ־ޱȵĶ
ǰ
˷ģлں֡
ϵЦԽŨЦڶ˵УȴħݸΪ¡
գۼ䣬˵ʧڿУԪ֮Ҳɣפ΢Цһưܵңа̾еȻԼΪһ
ԶѪȵϢ׵ɺɵ᫵ɽʯϣѪ죬ѪȾ·ʯͷ
ǸҲ湻ģȻɱɺȴᱦ
а̾Ȼһ֣ɺױ㱻һεĻٻ١
紵ҽɢƮ䣬ȴһѪʯϲΪڤν֮
ڤڵȤ󣬶ν֮ȤΪΪѾﵽۼ֮ԷȤҲࡣ
ԶѾͷ׼ν֮ΪߵĻ˵ȡ֮Ϊڤڵ
֮λǲϡԣŻ֮޶ԡ
׼뿪ʱȴһâĳԼҲһ˲ܡ
֮Ҳɱââڤڵ֮ʱڿУҫ۵â
ǷһۣȻԥĳǰУڷ֮󣬺ǷȻ׷˹
ССҲ׷űɣ
һַһնǷ
䣡
ĽǷ˲䱻֮ңҲҡҡͷν֮ԭҲˡ
ǰĺɱԽңǣмȻǰѸٵķɽ
ִһɽʱǰһĻҲɶ֮ģ߶սˣԡѪȻڿ֧š
Ůһס˲ӣǺһ׺͵ķҪŮӵĲӡ
㣬翹ɱŮ
߶ݺݵĺȵ
ߵ岻΢΢һͣ˲䣬Χ˵ץסһݼŵĻ͹ƴֵؿڴҲɽ̳һѪ
ûս׻壬ֻ¾һ֮УѾɥʧս
ͬھԲΪͶ
Ů֮巢ʱѾãܵľأҪ֮ԱȴҲ޿ܡ
߼һǿֵ˵˫۷죬б֮ŭȻҸŮȫսҲԲὫ֮ǡ
ߣӲȻˣǾݹֱѪˡ
Цһֻ͵Ůӵĺ󱳣ֻһУŮӱѪսʧ

߱ŭˣͬʱˣǣҪŮʱȴٴ˵š
㣬ˣٲͶ͵棬Ů壬ڤ²ٺӡ
߿ЦһֻѾ͵ĳŮӼϵһ̶˺Ůӵѩ׼粿Ѿһ¶
Ҫ
Ů߷߲ѣȴ޷֮
б߽ӣвʱھĵ
㣬һʱ俼ǣŮɾҪ
߷ЦΧҲĬ˿
ɼϷӦɱŮôҲ֮ࡣ
ͷ̾кڲѣѾɱŮǿԺ޹˼ɵʩչԱˡ
ϧҲʳӣûֵ˭콫֮Ůһ
ߺٺЦ
ɽ֮УʮΧסķЩУҲ𼶱ˣǿʵҪԸΪߣ֮¡
ȻҲй˼ɣΨʩչ֮Աͺпʧȥ֮ѶϢ⽫òʧ
˫Ķ֮УѾǱǺߵǰʮ֮ڣȻ˿δֽߵв
׼֮ʱȴһâֱɽȣâ֣˽¶֮ɫ
ⲻܣ
߾ôһֱ֮Ȼзɽ֮С


1780 ذ
Ȼ̫֮ˣȫѹ򰡣
߾ϲӶҪɳۿеŮӸ£Ȼâ׷ȥ
ȻúƵ֮ķٶȣȻ֮죬ԶԶĳԼ
âɽȷܣȴ뿪ɽȣ׷Ѱʱ֮һĻҲˡ
𾪵Ĺעһһ׷𣬾ǺʩչƣҲȻ޷ס֮
ףⷨȻд͸õĽƣʵЩ죡
а
ΪȻڲʱǷԼٶȳԼиˣȻС
ǰɣȻһֱ׷ң
ЩˣԼĸǷԻ׷ʵԵЩ˼Ҫ֪ǵۼڸҲһ̽ƶ켣οȴһССķأ
߿׷ѰһȴӰӶûһ£ЩˣǻŸʲôȥ׷֮˭׷ˣԵؽ
Ǻɽһʼ׷ѰеķⷴлɵŮķ
˽ٺǼѣֻͬʱҲʮںеķΨַ˶ȥ
ŮʱڲˡΪԲ֮УԣҪԭΪ
߿Цҡͷ˵
ŮΪ֮һ㶣ܿµ˸׵˼ȴЩôпʵʵף֮ıŮҪҪ𣿡
ߵ͵һ𣬾ȻЩԶԣһĬǵͷεĿЦ
ŮˣΪţΪ˸ףŮʩչ֮Ա븸ÿ롣
Ůݾ˵ޱȡ
ӣΪˡΪ㣡
ݺᣬķˡ
ŮӴʱ侲˸һۣĵıˣ֪һΪŶսʱֻѡ
ˣ׾ûκǣˣսףΪڤڶս
Ů뵽ϵ˼ּ㣬ܣȻĵطʩչ֮Ա
һ׷𷨱ˣ̾һȻɵɽһ࣬תͷȥԸ⿴ŮɢΡ
ǰڶԷв߲ΪŮ׵ЭŷԶɽȣ߻ȻѡΪڤŮԼ
ڴʱһɫӰŮӵߣǷҲ˲Զ׷ѰཫΧס
ɽƾնһˣͻȻͣͿУڤڵҲһʱעϡ
ǺˣΪδڤڣ
ǿ򶨵ʵȴ֪˵Ĵڣ֮ǰʦܻ㱨
ӣ;˵ضѡ
˵ȴǸͲǺߣעһԵŮӡ
߼Եĸо˶ԷĿаԾ裬ϢĿʼ̽ԷΪ
ȻֻӵڵΪһʵ̫ˡ
߰̽жʱŭɶ
ڴˣ迪֮Ա̯ӣɲòأ
΢Ц˵˻һŮӻһȻѯĿߡ
пϲҡҡͷʱжԷԼŮҲˣȻһϲ¡
Ůæߵݣ¶лǰ֮

΢һ֣һЦ⡣
ಣ
͵һԾһֽ֮ץУȻμˡ
ã
ҪֹȻˣвɽп಻ѡ
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˷ܵЦ֮âɢȴһӵɫذס
еľâһţڿⷨıĿԽȣԭⷨȻԶԼ̽飬治Ϊڤڵ֮
һסذ׵һˣȻͬԼĺƵӷƲסǵЦ⡣
֮ذ¶Ŀˣ˷֣Եۼ֣Ҳ޾⡣
˷ޱȵ˵
ǰذ¶ĿΪףǰСӦԡ
߽ŵ˵ķ
ﻹὫ߷ƾΧȦ֮ڣкâӿɱĴϵķŴ
һذ׶ѣûʲô˵ġʲôûںһذס
м˵
ͣ
ذͻȻ쳣ذֳ糤ĽڿĻ
һЦڿеָһѪˡذ
ͽ֮Ϊ
ŭҪȥԷɱ
ذϱ쾭֮£Ͳֹ
߿Ц
ֻиż
ȴһҲںЩŹ֣ȴҲȲԼɽ죬ԾöԷһҲԼĶ֡
ĬھذϵѪЩѪʼذγһѪ
ŴͼذһζûܳɹذĿҲûһأû뵽һΣذֳԭΣȻͽϹ۰
ߵĻв⣬ôƽ⡣
ʱ֮ǺٴѪذ֮ϣͼ
ôôĪǷΪ
Ц˵
ԲܣһϱΪģǵţ
ŵ˵
޾ԣ𽫻˵̫ˣ򣬻ʧġ
ٺЦ
ڴʱȴһذȻըһѪըѿȻǺһ
γˣѪذ򷢳âζŸδɹ
ۣ
Ѫ־ŭֲģδסɵ˺һѪ˳
Ѫȴ޷ذú鷢ˣЩѪٴαһɾȻϵ˺ߵϡ
֮ˣͽ
߿ϲ
ߣҪ⣬Ҳδ֮ɹ˵Ҳͽ
ѰŰοϾһĻʵ̫Գˡ
߿ЦʵԶԣʱҲذǶ˿ѱġ
ľܣĪⷨҲһҪҸ츳ѵˣ
ذ˵
𾪵һĻˣذȻһ͵ĳ˺ߵȻڿͷģ
е˼Ըѡ˭Ϊأ
Цʵ֪ⷨͨԣԲ׵
ذڿпٵתٶ֮죬ϱΪ޲ɴ۾ֱذļָ
ǰɣϱΪ
ȵʵ
ذڿзХ⴦ϵ°ڶͷһ㣬һĻ˾ɴ˫Ŀڤڵ֮Ϊ
ɫ࣬ҧԼ۾û뵽ذӦΪֱڤڵĪ衣
ϲǰذԸǰΪĺ£ǰѪ
߼˵жûκεĵ⣬ϾԼһжĳ֣ԼŮҲͱǸڤͽˡ
ϲǰ
ŮӼͬҲֹϲ
ڶ˵ͬڤһĹǺˣһɫ䣬¶߷߲ƽ֮ɫ
ʲôɶɲȤ磬ΪɣôҲڤڵĳϣɿڤںκιϸ𡣡
ָ˵
˭֪˻һذȻڿҡͷͲͬ顣
һ˸ľڳУҲֻһ˲Ѫˣֻϧ˾дģȴ޴˸ԵҲڤиΪŭˡ
ǰǧѷĻԵǰִⲻԸ⣬ҲΪǰоź
вʵ˵ôŻ˾ܷǧ֮⡣
ϻ˵ɲԸ⣬źҲûáʲô֮ڱɿҲˡȻԱûʲôôҪ֮ã
˵˻һڤ˷пϲΪݸԵǶԷзģذҲǼΪصġ
Ͼڤڵ֮ĺҲǿΨֻذĳͷʱ֮ԣзһϲ
ǰذӵԵǰ롣
ип˵һŮ֪ԼֲòɱԼŮˣذŭ֮󣬶ԷǾذĶ֡
ذĴ˵оںܹϵĴ˵Уذɱ֮֮ˣݴţ˵ΪѾﵽۼ֮УȴȻʮذնɱ
ﬣ
һ֮ذȻ˺ߣ˺һذȴδչǰʾʹذһս
Сסذⶥ֮󣬺ܹܵһױȵķŭذд
ǰӣذɱɵۣ
߽ŵѵ
ʲôǱŴģһССذףʲôͣ벻˱ɵķۡ
򶨵˵ذڿоҵĲ޾ķŭ
ذǿȴҲɱۼڵԼοƿ˲ڵΪΪ˾ʹܷӶأοذδԷ
ȻҲòذԣȻܹԼĻֻذû֮Լֺαصõأ
ȫ˿Ҫ֪ĳСӳذ
ڤȵΧ˷׷׺ˡ
Ůȴδ˿ʾ£СĺˣеʮֵİΣ
ССڤڵǲСƾķǱɵĶ֡
ڿУȻ˵
аһѾ̽ΪڣɴʱԷ֮ԣЩȷˣԷֻڵΪΪιΪǰ
ذУߵлӵʮģЦηðС֮ͽ֪ذ
˵ƾбʵ֤ɣ
ˬЦеûΪĺ߷УԼ򲻹鶹ײˡ
Цһ˲佫ڣ񱩵ӿΧ֮˷׷׾߶˵Ҳ˺ˮ
ɸ΢Цҡҡͷúиܵ˶Էĳǿ״̬
ڵƣԶݵˣҲܵ˺ǿƣȻԣʵ̫СˣȫԺԲơ
ߴʱȷʵвЩһ뵽ذֶ˼ġ
£ɣ
߿˵ܶԷ±˵ʤ֮䣬ϾԷǸֶ
Ը㣬Ҫɳôʵ𣿡
һ仰úɫ̣ĻذҲƺļŭˡ
ļһԱһ
ŭӳһһն󣬺ذ֮
ɽһ֮ͲǿȻذĹȴնɱڵˡ
һ֮Խ˺ʮϵĽˣһɱԷ
ǿذ֮Ȼǿ
۾˵
ǿƵһȴǸûܣûзӭУֱԭأƾԷĽϮ

ҲԼ۾ԷȻ㲻ĪĴ֮ģ
䣡
ҺذĽֱز֮¡죬ڳ䶨֮ʱ˷ڿйȻδ˰벽
Ľնؿ֮ǣؿȴһӡҲûУ޲ȣһɴ۾ͬǿһƵġ


1781 𷨱
ڵļһʹذȻܷĽѵذڣ
аʱذҲ˼ȤذҲԼʮĹǶԼԣҲΪɽ
ߵɴ˫ۣȴҲ˵κκۼв˰ߣذƺҲЩġ
ذҲˣ˵ɣɿԿ㡣
΢Ц˵
ذһȻ˲˺ߵ֣Է˸߿ա
һΣȻ͵ķˣΪ֪ԷΪǿԼʧȥ˶ذƿأǶԷ֮С
ذƺ޷ܺߵܣԷУ׼Էս
ಣ
ͻȻʧԭأһĻ˹죬˶ֻǰһȻʧȥټ
̽飬ȴ޷̽鵽κϢԶʧһ㡣
ذȴǲΪָڵĵطҲΪԾû뵽ذ̽鵽εԼ
δ뿪ֻԭΣذȻ΢ϢԼһٶȸı˷
ذڿһٰʮȵת˴ȻָԽȻı䷽λ
˽޷̽鵽ε£ذȴһĿҵڵķһһĶģȴûж˿֪еܡ
ɽ֮мȴһδαذ֣жذָ߿˼֣ԼܹõķֵͬĽռȻڣϵۼڵĸ֣Ҳذж϶Է֮
ɽֻĿذϵڿж趯Σȴʼ޷̽鵽
ڽ£޷ذ׷٣ǣʩչ˲ƣ˲㵽ɽ֮⡣
ڴʱһĻַˣذϵķ֮֮ȻҲʧ˿С
һ˲䣬ذѾԼԲ֮ۼȻҲڿ˲ƣһҲСذҪ֪Ա˲ƣԷδķ֮ȣ֤ذķǷ
ðɣһٶ֮ɣ
ɽ֮⴫ȻԼٶȿʼС
Ƭ֮ԼαļٶȷУذȴһֱԼҲòذֱǼƷķԼɽȣҲ˿ѷɫ
ɽΪذʧʱγɽģͬʱذҲɽ֮еһ䡣
б˱ɡ
Ƶ˵
˵꣬ذԼٶʩչ˲ƣȻʱ˿̣¶һĨЦ⡣
ۼ򣡡
ȵԼٶʩչƣ㽫ذС
ڴ֮ýƣȻԳ˽ơ
Եۼסһƺʮֹ죬ɽΪһֻȻ̾ϢⷨǾԱסˣڤڵҲֻܿЦҡͷ
ԵۼΪĸ֣ڤ˿ֹģҲ˵ڤֻѡ񳼷֮ѡ
˷ѾذǿУһ˾ŵƣ֮ڽС
ǣܿʧˣΪذȻԼٶȴ͸Լõľŵƣٶ֮ڷ죬Щˡ
ۣ
ƱذǿͻƺһѪֻѪȴǽɫġ
¶һĨЦ΢΢ҡҡͷ̾ذȻмֶΣñɿѪѾǱȽˣɽջ֮ǰĻ
ذ˷֮ܵڸղһϵУҲѾ϶겻ľǿߣȻҪΪ
ذǰȴʩչʽʱȴ˵ذٶȲڱ֮£һͻƽƣĹɵǻʶһ£ܹƱɵķɱ㳹׵Ķ
˻һذ̷ͷ֮ϣȻɢҫ۵âһ˲֮ذȻŴɽģϴ糤ɫâ
֮âʧذع֮ɫȻȴܸоذʱȻﵽĳ̶ȣСķʩչα֮ǿ
ۼڵǿķԵֵۼڸֵĽˣʮĿԵֵذĽ뽣
˶ĿתĶſеذذڿһ󣬵ĳļͷѹ¡
ذߵı幥ĹжôǿΪѰ·
ڣذȽı۰򣬽һĸ첲䣬ذһٶȿ硣
һ֮£ذ߸ߵĵ𣬶ֱȴδնϣ޲𾪣ƺذҲŵˡ
ˣ
ذ类ŭˣĿʼα壬£ȴһЦ⡣
еۣذķ̶Ȳô
ЩʧһؿӿһѪֻѪɫȻǽɫġ
ⷨԲȻͶǲǲѧġһķϣһǸһӡ
а
ؿѪذֹͣ˽ȻڿУȴĻ
ȻذҲԽᶨǰͼΪķ̶ȣȻֻöԷƤˣʵһĪĳ衣
ðɣñɶγѪķϣɾ㡣
Ц˵΢΢һУɽɵС
סذͻȻڵȻٶȿʼԼõذϺ󣬾Ȼ֮зŴʮϵ
סˣʱ֪ԼƲ۵ذӵжôǿԣѹԳΪڤڵ֮
𷨱ܵõôʵ̫ˣٶȣǿĹֱϧ
а
λذϱΪֻΪѵĽܣʵЩԲסλλⱾɡ
Ц
һʵڲ֪˵Щʲôźá
ϲǰô˻ԵذԶԵ֧ǰ
߼Ĺϲ
Ϸԣذڤôһ˵õ
һҧгݵ˵ŭ޾ɫ
ŶķЧ𣿱ɸڤӶԣ˵ϼ䣬򣬱ɿڤڵĴڡ㻹ҷԣɾ𡣡
˵
ڤˣд˾㣬Ͽɲ㣬б뱾һսƴ𣬱ҲԲù
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ڶѣΪԼǱɵĶ֣̫߿Լˡ
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ŭһһնǰĿУԭն϶Էǿ֪ȻЧ
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΢΢һЦһɣ˵԰յ䣬صˤڵ档
㵽ʩչʲôΪʲô޷ˣ
Ҫȴ޷˻˵Ȼɽ޷ٿء
߹ȥһŲĶϣȻ˵ʴȣɱˡѰ·ȻӦȫ㡣˳ش㣬ɲʩչ˵ۼʵûлˡ
ǰֻ̽ǰΪԲǰԡ
˿־ĵ
ǰ֧ǰɱ
æ˵Ψ˳Լ
㣡
˷ߺ޵ȴûм˵ϾԼעҪ˵ǶԷָʹģڤڵҲڡ
ָʹ̽ɵʵɱڣһڤڵȻڲͬ
Цﲻ֪ڤС
߶ʱͷ󺹣ȫû뵽ڴʱҷܣһ뵽ԷĿֲʵδ
ǰֻһʱͿԲҶǰͼ
߹ڵأﻹһϿԡ
δ΢΢һΣһŽɫ֮ѾУнâһ֮Ѿʧ
϶ѣȻսɣʵѰ·
δ˵꣬һ紵·ʬ徹ȻѾΪҽŷɢԶ
˶ľ赭дУڤڵһϾȻôˣʬ嶼û¡
жԽ˼־⣬ﻹҰ֮ǰķԴʱһ仰Ҳû˵ֻĻݵ
ڤڵŵĻɢǲѰΪ˫ʵԲһ㣬Ѱ𣬾Ǳɱıҽ
ذϱΪǱɶȡڤڷ⣬ذ˱ΪҲԲڤݡ
̬˵ʱŲڤڶĹ涨
ǰǰȨ֮ƣʵϣذ֮󣬲û˵һҪڤڵǰǺǰԭ¡
߱ϹϾ˵
ߣ²Ϊ㽫֮ء
˵ǿڴиŮͽ֮ɱ
˴ҿһڤڵڵأҲȫѡ˹򵹡
ȻذϱΪذΪڤڵ֮Ҳȫڤ֮¡ȵкζԹ콲ɣ˷ϵǵ˭Һһɱ⡣
һɽϵĻܣ׼˽ڤĶԹԹ
ҲδؾǺˣȶԣܻڤڵԺһ㣬֮˫ĶԹԼ˷ǽϾԼõڤڵ֮ԼҲǷǳҪġ
޲սսĽ˫ĶԹԹķ˰ʱ䣬Ҳ˫ĶԹڡ


1782 а
ǺϰгɱȻȡ֮λѣ֮ܵߵķ׷ɱ
¶ŵЦ⣬Ȼڤȴв˸ЦһֵΨֻɱ
ǰѪˣһΪڤڣɼǰҪС˵ơ
߼˵оҧһڣֳܽߣ⽫ǼΪ顣
ں˵̱ʮͬʱԸͣиֺ֧ߣϾʱڤڵ
Ů˿νǰٿĪ磬ʱһȺ֤Ķ˻޲ɱΧˡ
аϲһоͬԼԤϵһ㣬֧Լ˳ѹԵƣһ֧ٵĿ
ڤڵĳǣѵеʧʦ棬ҲҪһΪǰڴΪڤֹ֪ĳϵվڱһͬɱͽ
߱ߵĺ˻һڤڵϷ׷¶ԥ֮ɫ
ڤڵͽλҼֱ֧ڤڱǿ󡣡
߸ȵһʱвӦ١
˫ִ£ʽԺһʮֻؼ֮ȴ̬ȣһڴˣȫһУΪӵǿľʵ
һֱƽ˫սûбֳվκһͼòЩץ񣬱Ͼһѡ¹
ֱ֧վڱ󣬱ǻ֧һڤڵͽ
߹״ܿۼһȺˡ
¶ЦֳŮ⣬֧ʵٵĿ
Ȼ˫ԤϵǾѡ˵Щ˻ûյѡ
аŭݺݵĵЩһܿѡһӪ
ǰӵдǻ֮ˣҪƭǲܵ顣˳ϼͽһɲ׷ΡڽľǼΪǰΪڤɱһͽ
ߴһʱв˷׷վ󣬻Щ˵ȵľߵĳŵŵһЩ˵˺֮ǡ
˫Ƕ£ĳĬ£ǺռѹԵƣ֧ԶԶ֮ˡ
λڤڵǰӣ֮ذĻ̥ӲذĲ̽ǰƿذһɱĻ̥һЩδѡӪˣٲѡɸһ롣
ߵŮڿ˵ˣ˻һ˷׷ױذһٴκѡ񵽵ûд
¶Ц⣬һֻذذĹâѾʧ٣ֳԭеĹ֮ɫСذһз
ϣ֪ˣξԲˡλذǼԵģԲŹͽԼͽ֧ߣλܼʱѡһ
һɫȻȻվһ
Ĵ£δѡӪķ׷ѡһһҲвѡѡתѡһ
ɸһѡڴ֮ѡӪ˽ȫ𡣡
Ȼʱںߵ£ڤڵĵӼѾȫۼ⴦ɽ֮УĿǰƿ˫ڲ֮䡣
߸мһƾ񣬱ջ˲ٵӵ׷棬ϾЩڤڵĵҲɵϣﲻ֪ĹϵҪ׽Ķࡣ
Խˣû뵽׷Լĵӷ׷׿ʼӣʱļԼ֧ҲԽԽ١
ջŵģ
˷ܵĺ
ҡҡͷʵǲҹͬԼڴˣﻹʲôԣοɱ˺һ֮˱ػ𣿶ͬ
ԽǾΪԼҡͷȻʮ˷ߣתͶһ
ڤڼֱЦ󷽵ɣЩҳϿԣҵɳˣȻɲҪȫ֮
зŨŨɱ⣬΢΢йɱ⻷ɽȣ˻Ŷһоδ
΢΢й¶ɱ⣬Ѿڤ˸оĽ٣ߣҲ϶Լƽ¡
ȫɱˣڤǱˣõǺأ
˵˻һ˶ˣû뵽Ȼнڤķ뷨
˫˫ۣһЦҲһĨĻȣ˶޷²ͼȴŵİ
ðɣȻǲΪڤڵӣǱɾȫɱ֮Ҳ㱾ɻذһ°ɣ
΢΢ףһһٵ˵еذҫâһηĽذΧ֡
˶ˣȵ˷Ӧ󣬺ߵҪɱȫѵӦԴ𣿡
ԲԴС
ڤ˷ĺв£˵ĻﾹȻϵͳһߣҲԸذ֮¡
ôҾͺƴˣڤ˵ʵҲδزĶ֡
ֻ֮¶һս
ƴˣ
˵ĺɽ֮лصڤڵӾһ
֮ԣеǾڤڵЩɰ֮Ͼв£ǻһġ
ȻжΪڤڶսģʮϡٰɣиоڤڵı֮һϵɣȴûжԸΪŶսʮֿɱ顣
ɱ
߷ĺ۾Ѿˣͷֻ֪ȫһҲĺҡ
ɽкɱ춯أȻȴֻײ꣬ҽˣһҲûС
̤նǰȻһڤڣڱɵ˭뱾һսǰ
˻һȴû˵վȺ֮󣬸ͲԸֱơ
ڤӣȻǰս¾ǰһս
̾ϢȻ˿Уηǰ
Ѱ·
Ȼ˵
ǣ֪ȴòΪ֮
߿Ц
ǸڤڵأڤڴѽΪôǰ뱾һս
ƵЦĿֱߺߡ
־ŭҪΪڤڶսԼҲԲӦǵһʱ˵Ŀ⣬ú߸ܵ˾޴ѹ
ڤΣûСܼ㵱ڤʲôá
뵽˵ǰ޶ۣǵϣοµԷġʵڤ
סˣĵźߣЦСһѣ㾹ȻѣǶڤڵ
ô˵ȥӭսɣ
һ¿ˮ̵ı飬Ȼ˹ע֮ʱʼȻĺˡ
ǰսɣ
߼ɽڴͬʱԼٶȳɽ֮ƣֻȴ޷̽顣
ಣ
ͻȻʧԭأŵһ£ȻһȴûзֶԷĹ

һУû뵽ѾվԼǰ
ȥɣ
д󼱣һȥ
޴ӡ
ЦθͲܣֱԷĽһצȻץס˺ͷϵĳ衣
ɱ
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ôɵҲɣ
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ɵô֪ɵ޷أΪǣ
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ಣ
һ˲䣬ɽϿգźߣߵȴԵ˵޷ѳƿء
λǵһŧļһ䵱𣿡
Ц
䣡
ߵһشǷĺ
п־ޱȣԭ֮λ͵͵ߣ˭֪Ȼץ˻ȫԼ֮⡣
Ȼ䣬Ǿֻ·һ
ĺȵжŴðԼĺ˱ɱ֮⡣
ǰ
߱ŵĻɢոշоһҵʹؿڴоһεȡ
˵Ŀɿڴ֮£ߵѾΪڻң֮ҲѾʧ
Ҳɵˣ˷֮ȴȻԤһΪ˵Ҫɱڤˡ
ðɣɾͿ쵶ն飬Ѹٽڤڵ⡣
˵䣬ѾʧΧĲҽڶЩĲҽУٴεɴ˫ĿЩǰʵ
ټһڤڣڼĸɲǼ䱻Ҳ޷ʵֻ֪Ϊ̫ǿˣǿһԸӵ۷ز
ٴγǰʱΪԼɣ˭֪ȴٳûн١
Ϊڤڵ˭в˵
ָ˵
һ֮ͻȻĻ޲ϲ׳֮λ֮⣬һ˷ԡ
¾͹лǰǰڤڵĶ飬±ضģ
߼˵
㵱ڤڵ˵飬ڱߺ󣬻˲д
Ը
ף
ߵͷ˵ܣвɿЦڤڵ𼶱ĸѾﻹԼĶ֡
ˣڤڵʵѾ½Σڤڶԣֻ¸Ǻ¡
ǰڤͽڤʵ󽵣аڵսֻڤڸҲԶˡ
߿Цһڵӷ׷¶֮ɫ
аڣ
ʵʵҲ⣬ɱЩˣڤڸ޷һͳ
ǰ˵Ǳ߾֮أһжŵĴڣ֮һڤڣһűаڣСɣǲΪ塣аڤڵɣʵڤֻǿ˷ڤʵֻбаľ档
˵ͣסˡ
˵ҲԲµĻϣԼֶԸаڣֻðҪ
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δشȴֲԶв˱ƽЩ֮У𼶱ˣпڤϢ©ˡ
˵аڵƺѾˣ֪Ϊζ
Цʵ
ǰаʩչطһڤ𼶱Ǳ̵֪ϢʵڤҲд˵طΪ˶Կаġڤڸ䣬аԻǰһ̽ǰڴˣڤھᱻҲӦڽ졣
߽͵еǰ˷ܣֲ֮ܽаڣǽԼʮ
Ѿ㵱ڤڵаڣѾر֮ˡɿɲڤڵ취н
˵һͬذʧ
ã
аû뵽˵߾ߣָôԸаأ
ȥ߻ˣЩӣֻΪѵ׼ѡٳųϡ
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ϵĻܣѯʵ
°ݼˡ
ߵŮһ򵹷ݡ
ڤڵĵӷ׷׹ݣԭ£û˵ڴʱԡ
ĵͷȻڤڵγѡкñȰ߸ʵЩΪѣȴòѡγϡ
ԶԣǼγȴǸϲ⣬ϾܹͻȻΪŵĳϣκڤڵĵӶζĪҫ
߸ոѡгϣԶѾĲҽ֮ڤд󾪣Զڤڵߡ
ҲҪż׼ӭСգջϹͬսеߣһɸɱۡ
ѸٵȴǽŲѣϾڤĿǰʵҪаԣʵЩ

һЦһѾһ˳ɽȱԵֵ˷׷ױɻˡ
ڤڤڵĵ򣬱Ȱȥ򣬺Ը
׳˵ڤδô֣׷ŹԷ롣
û뵽ڤͽڤڵñ۽簡
˶߿Ц֮Ҳ׷׷Цڤķŭѡ
֪ŭҲûãԷʵţ𼶱ĸֱԼһϲ١
ڤкĿģ˵
߲ɫʵ
㣬ˬ졣ãͲѴˣ˷ǰһΪ˶ȡ֮Ϊڤڡ
˵аĹâɽȣĿڤγɨһۣǵЦŨˡ
ߣ²һ᲻˷ڤڣǾԻḶصĴۡ
Ѿ˾ζͶаڡ
ٺ٣ΪȨڤڵĸ˴ƾεʮϣͲҪ֡Աڵİϳ֣ڤڵȫӡڵʵţƾʲô뱾Կ
ϷʵЦиûнڤڵвʮ³ϣûС
ߴһֶԷаԼĪһĳϣвɿЦԷڿ亣ڣһսǴڤΣӡ
֮ٽϣ򣬱ھڤڡ
ͻȻһɽȻȵ
ಣ
ľâȻԥļɽۺڤڵĲ֮аҪȡɱڤˡ
Ĳ
ڤɽͬʱ졣
Ѱ·
ЦȻûڤ˷
аڵһѾϵɽȱԵĴ£޾ɽڤڵĵӣʱ˷׷׼ɽ׼ڤڡ

ڤһŭ嵲ǰǷ׷׷ϣΧס
ڵսϵڤʬҰҵҲҪػڤ֮ϣ
һȻ´³Ȼս⣬Ĵ£ڤڵĵǷ׷ɢǿҵս⡣
Щŭû뵽ڤ֮ڤ粻飬¾ȻаڿԼɱ⣬аڵϺڣ
սһеĶɽ֮жţεɱ⽫ɽȫ֣˵գҲԵЩ谵
ߵʮֱߣһսغڤаڵ̫ǿҲһսڤڽ᲻ڡ
ڤڵĵǸ鲻һаڵĴѹ£Ӱڤڵ֡


1783 
˰ȻĻڤڵӣЩ˵У˿˽ţ־壬ڤҲھ֮ɫ
ôˣڤҪаˣ϶һλᣬǽ֮Ҳı⣬ڤڵһ·
˿ЦеĿڤڵ֮жȡڤڸ޿ɾ֮
Ҫ𻰣ȴŮ˵£֮Ѿڴ˵أɱڤڵӣҲòڤڵ֮
С㵱Сڤڵ֮ڤڣںδ˵Ȼ
аǶԷû˵ѣζԼ޷ȡڤڵ֮
ֹ߱ȴŮ˸ơ
˵ʵ飬ΣǰѾȥڤѾ
̾Ϣεҡҡͷ
£ڤڷѾһ˻ãѾȥ
ŮӵǴһ˿Ц⣬ƺ޾а
ߣ˭ȡˣ
ʮ˵˵أû˭ƾһ֮аԡ
λֵΪĪ⣬ǰΪĶ֡ԣɱڤˣҲԶ޷ȡڤڵ֮
ŮϵЦԽŨ
˵û޷ȡڤڵ֮Ϸƴһս޺
ڿϵĳʱҲ˷ܵ˵
һɺԣ˵Ƿӡ֮أû˭ֱӽ뱱ɽ硣˵Ǹ֣Ӳġ
ڿжţϵɱԽˣ˿Դڤڵ֮˵ء
һڸֽԲ˵أĪΪͬھѵΪǸͽɱĲɣ
ŮЦķʵһ˿
ԣ˵ǳ鴤һ£֮ǰ˽ڤһڸڶ˴алɳˡʱڤЩĸֵΡ
˵˵ôģ
˹򶨵ʵŵǿɱҲ˲١
Ǿһɱ
Ůһһٵ˵
һɱôܣ
˻Ϊ֮һϢΣλƽ
ڤЩֲаڵĸ֣ôǿĸֱһɱʵ˵ɱߵΪѾǿ󵽿ֲĳ̶ȣľ֣ôڴ˵أ
о㵣Ѱ˼Щ⣬ԽԽÿֲǸֳаڣаεֵ
ĪҪһŮ֮ԣ˻δģ磬ɱҥļˡ
һϸ˵ӵŮӣƺֶҪֽɱ
УޣŪʵ֮ǰ
˲ŭ˵Ҳֻðɱ⣬ǡ
ߵһĹâû뵽ԼŮѾԶȥǰǣƶԷ˼ߵûֻһ뵽ǸֵԣͲҶ˿ð
ǰСŮֻΪ˱ȫڤڣǰ֪ˣҲǰҪСŮСŮðǰ֮⡣
΢΢и˵ѾԶȥȻаڡ
һҧǧ²
Ļ羴ʱҲУǣԽϾһڴ˵أǽваڵ
а鲻ѣɻߣвмߣп־š
˸оǿѹΪһ֮ףȨԽҲԽ󣬴ʱЩԥһʱ֮ʧ˷򣬲֪òðڤڡ
֮ԣĪҪŰ
аһȰɵ
¹ش˸֣ȫţϾôӳ飬򲻿¾
һаڳϳԷԵ
ܿ죬аڳϾΪ۲ݣаŭ֮ǰг顣
ͨͨ죬۶ϡһȻʵںη
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ߣλ뱾£˳ɣʱ
ѡʱȴһųһѰԷԵľ֡
аڵȴߵµӽ÷ټɽȺܿ㲼һǿķ󷨣ڤһڴϢ֮
ŮղŲʩչ֮ƣаֻȴҪ˶ãǻǻɱɽȡǰ֣аڽᱻϾɱ
ŮӿЦ
ǰڤдǣɱڤ̫ĸ֣ڤڵʵ޷ԿʢаڡûǧʱϢڤڸ޷аڶԿ֮Ҳֻһʱ·ӣֻΪڤڵҫƴսҲҪشаڡ
߻˵ݵıеҲϾûаҲͽռݣԼŮҲͺʬɽȡ
ڤڵγ޲Ŀ־壬־Ѹӵɽȵÿ䣬ڴˣֻ˻ܲסδ֪Ŀ־塣
ټڳϣʼʿڳϵĴ£ڤǿ˲ʿ߶ԣҲõˡ
޿ӣΨһս
ΪڤڵԼŵӣһãȻȴ֪һа˷أԼҲսɽȣԼս֮ᷢʲôҲܲôˡ
ԼĪһʱаȥ˲ǸֶڤڵķΪ׼أҪȡڤڵķ£ƾȡǲܵõڤڵ֮
ڤڸֵ䣬ҲŻǸ˲ɱӦڤ֮ɱǾֲ޶ٹϵ
˿ʼɾǷĴڣϾƬյĵ򣬾ֱּǸ˵
ȻȲǾ׼ȥɣλϣ׼󣬴ʱ㳹ڤڡ
´ΪֻҪڤڣڤڵ֮Ի֣ʱҪȡ練ơ
ųޣ֮ڤ˾п־壬Ҳ֪аھԲ飬ˣƴһսͬ൱ҡ
ڤڵҵ޿ӣΨսΪڤڵҫƴսɣ
߾ٽӭ߿գ˲õķâɽȶˡ

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аڤһʱ֮䣬ɽкѤߵԴ£ڤסаڵ
ڤȫԱҲаȴνĹǿΪаڵڳϻƴǲսڤڽܸѹ
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зۣʱаڵ׼˳㣬˷ڤڸ£ԷʹʹɱﵣڤʵʵԵڤ
ڤڵӵн¶˿ֻ֮ɫ˵˵ˣΪɵ˽
аԲСƣ˽һ㣬һʮа˾Ż󣬱볤ͬʱӶҪ¼â򣬺롣
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ڤڵʮͬʱ˶Է֧֣ʮҲմܿγһģĽ⽣۵ٶȱаڵʵ̫ˡ
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̾Ϣһʮ˵Ͽգļ룬һɫĽѸٵڿγˡ
ЦǰЦڤڵʮͼϣҲ뱾ԿһЦ
аڴ࣬еӶڤڵӵķҲ˿ռƣаڵӵ£ɽеķǹ
ʤȯգ΢ЦĻͷһۣʱԶӰٸм˺Ȼаڵĳϡ
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Ҳ˵аѾʹ˽ٷ֮ٵʵפŵеͨӣ˷Ϊùעһݡ
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ڣҪƴҲʵҲǿ£ڤڵĵӼȫɽȺڷ˶ڸ֡
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߿˵ȴǰҲֻڤڵʵͲаڶԿ
ףǶڸĵˣһҲ޼£
һڤڵ̾Ϣ
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ȴ֪Ǹ֣ҲﵽڵΪæǶ˸򲻿аڹ󷨵ķâ
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ͬʱɫǾ֮ɫҲ֪ĿǰΣʤ㡣
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аڴԮеĸˣһ֣ĳϼӼ빥ڤڵķ󡣡
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΢΢üȴаھȻʼ۵ڶԼһȴֻܱķһȶԷĶ֣ɽеķâ֧ţˣаǳ顣
غû뵽ȴڤλ̵
߱սȻʵбֱòйô̶ʱڣڤڻ䵽аŵĵز
ĵЦ⣬˷עһĴȫָϵ޷Ԫ˵ڤڣԼҲҿ鶹ײˡ
ʱһһĹȥ˫ӵģֻаȴȫȨȡַĲԣڤҪʱ޿̵ıַâⲻҪĴһ
ȻڤѡԹҲǲԣֻһˣаڵĸǽչһɱˣҲǲԲֻزĿΪаЩֵ
ȻаڵʮϸûвʱĽʮϷֱȻҪķһȴγǿһɽеâֵܵס
߸ûѡ񣬴˷ֻ֧֣һʱһʱȵƣǾֻʩչͬھĴ򷨣սҲԲöԷù
˾ĵȴţֵڶҲѾʱ´һڵӷ׷ȴ֮˰˸ܵͣȻķǿĹ
ڤڵӵѹڴʱֳǰһָǱѾɽ֮ϡ
ߵǳ鶯һ£ȻҲ´ǣһɫĽâϿգڤڳϵĲ£ʱ׼ӭĹ
˲мЦһָɽȣǵڶҲͬʱգаڵʮγ˶ţ̤ն

˵Ŀһͣһ˲䣬̳ɽն¡
ӭս
ص³֣ǣڤڵʮϼͬʱŭǱɫĽҲ˲ӭ˿е
¡
һҵɽ֮Ϸ춯صɫĹâɫĹâɲǼײһ
޲ϢӣȴһײɫâԽҫǺɫѸٵʧΡ
аϵϽԴϲɫڤڵʮͬʱɫж˸̲סѪ

ŭǺɫֻ谭̵ܶʱ䣬ֻһϹնɽȵľ޴â֮ϡ
ͣ
ͬ׵ǵԼٶȹ˷âٶ֮죬ڤڵĵӽӦ
¡
ڤڵСâȻڴʱҵıըڤڵӷ׷׿Ѫв˱ǿɡ
һ֮˺Ȼ
ҲؿڴһܵĸоڵĵӸ˲вѾһʧȥս
²÷
侲ĺȵǺڰ׶Ϊףʣµİ߷âٴγһԲȦ˲ɷһЦڤڵķǣˣ
һ϶µն£ߵƤ͵һ£ʱ̲סҪ֡

һεֱӺ˷âϣŲҽǺڰ׶˵ͬʱˣڤڵӱըڵء
ûֱȴҲоؿʹȥɽлеĵӣȻֻһɡ
аʮ֮Ȼȥڤ˵ķҲ˴ģɱˣһ˫ЧЦ˻
÷󣡡
˵
аڵĵǷ׷׼˲Уܿ죬һǿɫâаˡ
аʮϣ汾ڤڵĵӡ
Цһ˷âʮϽ
ʮһڵĸͬʱڿУǿɢڤЩеĵӾȻһˤ䡣
ǿѹ£ڤʮҲʼڿжҡΣʮͬʱԿֻҲҪǿѹȵ档
ڤڵĺڰ׶ˣʱȻڸղˣǶ˻ȵڿУڤڵʮվĻҪȵ
һڿУкεɽеĵӣвٵŷϿУǣȴ㡣
ķ˵뷨ͬһ͹˶Էû뵽Է˱أȻ󷨻סеĵӡ
ԶΪ۶Էж٣ƾԼΪһɱ䣬ٿɱһڤڵĵӣǣȴûгߵⷢչ


1784 մ
˵ЦţͻȻ̤ǰһڳҲһǰʮһڿ̤УڤڵĳɫҰף֮Կе䡣
ڰ׶˶һۣû뵽ԷʮһֵƻǿʱڤڳǱˤ档
ߡ
߿Цڰ׶嵽ңʣļϣȴûһ˿Լƶܿȫɽȡ
ʮһаʮԵƣ˵ȵԽٽڰ׶˾ͬʱѪȻ˵ĶҲЩ޷ܶԷǿˡ
汰ɣ
߱ߵôû뵽ԷʵռƵ£ȻʩչֱŵĲԣڤҧһڵĻᶼûˡ
˫Ѿ಻ǧɣʮһ˵ѹΪǿ󣬺ֹڤڵĺڰ׶ˣҲЩܲ˶ѹˡ
׼ɣ
ЦеɽңָǰˣĳҲ׷׼ɽսһ
ڰ׶ͬʱһѪ˵ΪԶԣ̫СˣаʮһֵıŹ£ûзĻᡣ
ɱ
ٴʮһͬʱԽӭֻһУ˱㱻˰֮⣬Ǻڰ׶Ѫɽȡ
һжѣڤڱֻʣһ˻֧ڿУڤڵв꣬ڤڱȻᱻа
һʮһҲɵӣǵԼҲûտʤԷκһˣοһأ
Ҫ͵ϮаڵӣǶԷĵʩչķâҲƾԼһ֮δؾͿԳС
οʮһǿڶ滢Լлɱаڵӡ
ѵһսаڻڤȫӣҲ֮ԱҲҪа֮ͬھ
б߲ѣʱѾûս⣬ֻԷͬھ
㲻̫ˣʩչ֮ԱҲ޻ᡣз壬ξ֮Ա
˻紩͸ߵ˼΢΢һЦжһĲɫ˻һߵмȫˡ
߲û뵽Ϊ˶ԸڤڣǾȻȡаڵ֮
һȻ֪߲Ȳڤڵ֮ڤڵ֮Ѿǰߡ
һ֣߲ڿѸٵĳ󣬺ܿ㽫˵УƬҶ磬һĸо
֪֮Ա޷аγвˣȫҲûһ˿ս⣬Ҳͬʮꡣ
ڤڣڤڰ
еɽ͵˲ϣʱѾںˡ
סˣڤΪа𣡱͸ԱˣЩڤڵȥġ
Ц˷ܣû뵽ڤڵһ˿ĵΪаڵڤһԼʷĴ¡
ڤڣ
һ̾ϢͻȻпϲѾ
˭װŪָ
ȵΪ˵֮ڤ
͵ЦԼþǰǰаʲôأ
γߵ࣬һˣаڵѣбҪôô
ã
аʮһͬʱвãҲû뵽Ǹ־Ȼڴʱ֡
ɫ䣬µ˽ɫȻ͵Ļ˱飬ͻȻͼõЦ⣬˵֪ǰݹ٣ðǰˡ
һףףⷨøɿΣ
ָ߲˵ϵǴһĨ΢Ц
ɫ䣬߲аڵ֮ԷȻʵ̫ˡ
ǰаڵΪСǲóġ
߹Ӳ
ŶԭôС㣬㵽׸ɣ
Цʵĳȫ˫˵Ŀ⡣
гԲ͸ҲԲɵ֮ͣǹΪѵ˵ǰ˱Ǳ֮ͬʱҲǳΪаˡԴ
ûм˵Ϊ֪ϲãʱȻε֣Ҳûκεĵģڣаڸ޷ڤڡ
ɽ֮Уڤڵӵϲɫǰı֮ѾĵѸȥ
ѵ㲻±ɱɶᱦ
Цʵ
Ǻǣǰ˵Цˣǰݣôأ
˺ǺЦȴǰ
ˣںľݣķΣ˵ڤ뱾ԨԴ۸ڤڣ뱾ΪУȻˣɱҲΪ
˵
ӳһǰʲôΪаڵôƭģű鲻ñ¡
ŻˣһַϵЦݸŨˡ
˿аʮһ֣߲壬ԷǸΣδؾܽԼһôȻˣαص˵


1785 ʶ
ðֵĳСӣĵӿɲС
ˣаһϲȵ
аʮһˣûһɫܿ㴫иϲԷԽԽͷ

ָһץаʮһͬʱɫˣɫˣȴôҲƲס߲
ۣ
˿һѪֻ߲ڿͣһ˲䣬Ȼ㳯ķȥ
ʱ˿̣аʮһڿ˵ɫ˲԰׵ĺѪɫôû뵽Էʵǿ
ָնᱦһʵ̫ˣ
һץ߲ѸٵСضûУܿ컯ΪȭͷС߲
⡣ôܣ
˵ǹѪӶɳˣоĪ
кЦ߲Ʈһẓֺ߲́̽󣬶˻û뵽߲ϵȻȫжˡ
߲ѾΪ˺ɫʹסؿڣһѪҲ߲ܲĴڡ
Ȼȡ֮
־־壬ʱѾ²״ﵽ˶ǿΪֻ֪ǿǿаڵĸֿԱġ
ϲǰ߲
߻ϲ
ʲô߲ǵ֮ԶˣˣɾΪѵ£Ժ͸Ե֮ˡ
赭д˵еĺɫʧ
а˼ҪĻˣ˱˵Ȼӷ̣ΪʵЩ޳ܡ
ֻȴǸŭԣ˭Ҳȥĸ֣ͬưˣһԲڿС
ߵĳǣͬ¶־֮ɫһ˼Ȳ֪˵ʲôֲ룬վ
ǰҿǷȱû뵽㵼ڤڵĸ𡣻ñû뿪ڤѾ𡣡
̾Ϣ
ǰ޾ԣڤ˾Բǰ
æ˵
ǰ
ãͻȻڿУһ־ĸġ
ǰˡҵ
аڵʮϼҲˣﻹҲ
ҡҡͷǱɲڴ˵أǻڤڣԣǱɡ
Ǻƴˡ
ԣ͵֪ԷѾ´˱ԴлƴһսϾƴٻһϣġ
ʮһˣһо˵һʱȻڿУ֪ǱŵǲԿ
߰ͲаڵʮһһɱˣڤڲпڶԿаڵʱơ
ֻҶ˵ΨֵһѾͬʱ˽
ߣ
һӭŶԷĽ̤նУͲںǿ񱩵Ľ
ɽµ˶ųݵ̤նеϾˣаڵʮϷȻ޷κε˺
Ľϣһ죬ڶԷΪܵסĲ
һһߵĲ죬ȴ̩ɽһޱȵľ֡
ʩչǧҪ
ԷĴ£ʮſеȥ
ǿĪ˵ڵˣɵ۳ڵˣҲֵô˵ķ
һ󣬲ٷȻڿбײˣǺȻһ̤նС
ɣһɡ
Ѿʮһ˺ܽˣ£˾Ȼٴѡ˹ģΪףԼƴĵ֡
ͽ޹飬˭ȥ
ɽд˷ܵĻıЩ˵бˣΪˣû˲ǿΪеȻоż
Ķ֣и᲻ʲôս⣬ȻΪڤڣֲò֡

ͻȻûӰӣӰ£ֻһҽҽʧѾߡ
߶һаڵĸֻʣˣѾ֪ȥ򣬲Ҳ֪Ǳɱˡ
һȺɱɱĶаڵĶ֣аڵҲδѡ
аڳһ־˵аһܹš
аڣǿԹˡ
ȵ
лǰ飡
аͬʱ˵֮ͬаڵѸٵʧɽ֮⡣
иоЩźǰôûܽаڵĸȫնɱ
߳ԵлʱͻȻǰѾʧˣвɴΪʧû뵽һкˡ
ڴ˵ض̫ã֮ǰΪڤڷڤھа
Ϊʲôɱаڸ֣ΪƽŵаڵϣаԺ󻹿ԶԿڤڡ
ожзų֣Ϊƽ˫һҪǿĶ࣬ҲĶҲӿɵۼĸ֡
һ·ǰûñһɵĽƣƺ̷һ羰˵Сɽ塣


1786 ˯
Ľ뱱ɽˣ
һߴʯ˵
ʯдűɽ˶ּڲԶɽɽһׯԶ㿴˴ׯ˵Ķ
Ӧɴɣƫһɴ壬뵽ׯ
΢΢һЦΪأȻųɴȥ
ɴ⣬˶ע⣬ǶסɴһڣԶԶĶδǰ
ɴ˼ȻĴ·ڣÿһɫ׵ˣһ˳ɵ
ںĵʹ£ɴƣǱֱǶ
ϣ
ͬʱᵶһײ
΢΢һЦȭ;˵أɴιһλС
˭֪ȴֻǶȻһԲ
жǿдصĳ嶯ˣ΢һ̽飬˵ΪֻɳڵΪͼ˵ֻҪָͷ˱㽫ȫʬ
о֮ʱ·ڴԲͻȻһâܿ죬һͰ˶ֵѣûбɵǲκ˽룬Ѷൣ
Ŷӣ;˵أѵɴ岻˽뿪
΢Ц˵̬ȻҲƽϡ
ѣ᱾ɵ˼ˡģһ˵ȡɺɴ亦Ѿɺԣ񲻸׷˽ɴ塣˵¶һĨЦ
ɺȻ鷢ɻǵһ˵
Ϊȣ⻹ǵһ˵ɽҲйƭСġ
˵֮ɫƺǵһ˵Ҳ¶֮ɫ˵ЦɣԲɴУɺʮѰ飬δšѵԺɽ
ɽ
ȻȫЩ׺ɽָʲô
ǺǣɿЦģȻδɽǻ뱾ɴɣ
Ц˵˻ԭλó˵·
лͨڣ
΢΢һЦ续ɴ塣
ȻǴ壬ȴްĶũеֻǸɫʻĲݵء
ɴŹԪ裬ұɡ
ԪЦǺǵ˵һͰ
Ѿ̽ΪڣΪҲԵɴ幩ɴĸҲô
ѣһе飬ҵһӴĴι۰ɣ
ԪЩǸ˵
¾æĵӵ򵼣ٺòˡ
ȭЦ
ԪһѾ˲Զһӣ֮һȹŮӿߵߣܺҲ
ŮĸƤ𪣬ôмɫģŮһ׺͵Ц⣬У߽߱š
ŮΪߣȻԼӣÿԼԶʱŸ͵͵Ĺ۲Լ
ѣɴһεıҴȥɣ
Ů΢Ц˵ɢ˷ܵĹâ
ۺεأ򣬾ⱱɽɴ壬ɲס
ֵģǱͷ
̵Ĳݵϣûмһͯȥ䳡·ϣҲûˡ
ѣһȣȡ
Ů˵꣬ڿлûһƣ֮󣬿гһֻ֣ݹö䡣
ѣ䳡֮أԣֻƾ롣ֻҪ䣬ͿԵ䳡ˣ𣿡
Ůӵͷ˵
ף
ͷֻڴɴͣȻֻؼҵĸоָоʣȴʮܡ
ͬʱ䣬ǰʱһâһ˲䣬Ѿһ޴ı䳡
һ۲죬ǧ֮࣬ɼɴĴ󲿷˶м̨ϣŰٶͯЩͯ׼ܱļ顣
ѣã仹δʼأ㿴ûȿʼͯıЩͯҪܽ뷨ıƴͯлᱻ峤Ϊŵӡ
ŮЦŽܵ
Ǵ׺͵Ц⣬ǰ䳡ϵͯ˼ͻȻƮׯںܾ֮ǰԼڱ䳡ϴչ
ŮӵĽУ˼ѾƮңԶĹȥЩõļͻȻ͸ԺУָо뵽Щ֮ˡ
Ҳ֪ھôˣ
ͻȻЩ꣬û뵽ⱱɽɴ崥顣
ѣôˣ
ŮӾȵʵû뵽ߵ˾ȻҲʵ̫ѰˣһԣΪһˣûĿԡ
ţû¡
ѸٻָԭеɫͻȻͣΪطԼͽ˸С
ŮӵĲУѡ뿪ŮҲֻø뿪лЩģΪۿ䡣
һȻĲݵϣҲʲô˵ȣֻơ
ŮӾȵһԣô˹Ź֣ΪȻԵͯһ㡣
ͻȻԼɽһ·ʵ̫ЩһֱΪŬţһʼĵͼˣɵΪνǾһ̫ãкܶζɽˡ
ɵڵΪʵɽ磬ҲǳǿߣǵĵǿΪݺɽ硣
ʦץô꣬Ҳ֪ڵôˣ
ΪԼɽһֱΪŬץʦЩӦǵͼˣԼѾﵽɵڵΪȴûлκεϢζЩ˵ȥ
߲ʷˣȣڵǲҪΪ֮ģǸԪɵʲôˣڣİȫʱбϵģ߲ʷҲзǿ󱳾ҲʲôΣա
ȣһ㶼ģǿߣٶҲǿľˣϴε˽⣬֪ȵΪѾԼ
ھݣкܶǣңȴֻϣƽ£֮⣬ӵ˵ҲΡ
һɵۣɽȴ֮⣬ɵһ·׷ɱҲֻɽ֮أԼĿǰƵһССܽᡣ
һ룬еʮѻ𣬾ԼðʦӣڽҲûʲôôЦǣԼ׼ķʽѰ
ѵҪҲſԷѰҵʦ·
¶һĨɬЦ⣬ȵԼʦ֪治ڣɲ˵
ʦѾɣһͨˣҪɽɳҪһ֣֮οʦǱץߵġ
ЩץʦˣǵɵĿҲΪԼɹȥô꣬ԼѾţѵ˺Ʊɱʦ
һ뵽ԽЩҪʦԼʲô壿
ߵΪ׷ȥһһѰ
һ׷㣬ȴô룬ʼΪΪһߣȻ塣
򣬾Ϊһûʵʲô壿¶Ļ翹Ȩ
ڲݵϣ˺ܶ࣬ҲΪƣ룬ȻԽоһϮǣɴı۾ҲŮοԼ
Ȼ˯ˣ
ŮޱȣԼ֪У˸ճ֮ͯ⣬ﻹ˻˯ţεơ
ǣԷղŻúõģȲεҲưɣ
ŮԽ𾪣㶵ĶʱͻȻݾȻ˸ı䣬仯ٶȲ죬Ƭ֮󣬶ԷѾȫıˡ
˵ǰҲΪӢɱʱȴҪϲֹһʱڵϣӢݼ˯Ҳһ˾Ϊ˵ʡ
ŮӿĳˣվڲݵҲ֪˶á
ҸղžȻҲˣүôܣ
ŮӲŵͷֻЩ̣ԽԽϲʦȻԼһӢӡ
ŮӻʱͻȻ߶һˣһȻ𾪵ĶŵϷ΢
ʦˡ
Ůæ
ţ⵽ô£Ȼ˯ˣ
Ԫͬһ
ʦͽҲºûһ˯ˣУ˯źҲ仯ˡ
ŮЩӵ˵
ߣһﾹȻʹƭΪʦдѵǺɽķͽ
ԪߵȻء
ʦ֮ǰ˵Ǻɽķͽҿǻˣһᡣ
Ůæ˵ƾֱǺɽķͽ
˲ò࣡ȻʹˣȻ⡣ڣסٿʣΪʦ;˵֮ˡ
Ԫ˼
ʦô˵ܸϲлһ𣿡
ŮӴ󾪣Ȼİദʱ䲻ȴǻˡ
޳ΪÿΪʦҪʩסȵܹ֤ǺɽͽΪʦȻŹ
Ԫ˵Ůֻ˻ء
֮һŽɫѾȫ֣Ȼ˯У˯ʮְꡣ
ΪʦҪһ˵ʲô
ԪЦ֮ǰѾ̽ԷΪɳڣΪҲ֡
ӵΪˣֻҪԺɽ֮ˣɴʮֻӭġ
ɴ屾ƫԶ˵ЩˣҪ˿ڣҲҪɴӣŮӣɴŲֽ׷ֳ
ԪɴѾס˺ܾãһҲɴ˹ĵطǱΪӵĿ죬һʮֵİȫٱЩҪȫĶࡣ
ΨһɴвԺɽǺɽ˼ͽ죬ɱɶᱦЩ꾹ȻͯҲ͵
ҴɴɽԶЩɽķͽҲٹˣԣŻвط˼ɴ壬Ȼңӡ
ȻҲ˵˵ؾʮְȫˣԪļУǧ֮ǰɽͽһΣ˴ȫɱԪʱɴ֮Уҵ
ˣԪԺɽķͽǺʮ㣬֮˲ͯԪкɴץ˺ɽķͽҲе֮ɱ˱
ʦԵ˯𣿡
ŮӲĽѣΪ˯ʵ̫ˣȥͬһ˯ͯ


1787 ԪĻ
Ԫһۣ֪˯ļһкøУǱѰ˼ǺɽķͽԼǳһɾ¡
ðɣ㡣ʦ
ԪͷȻһϥ
лʦ
Ůȴû˼ȻĶ棬΢ЦƺٿᣬԽԽϲ
ָ֮ͷĲһ£ôû뵽ԼȻɽ˯š
Ҫ˫ۣѾĸоΧһУʱԼһɫУԪʹķ
ŮӵľУѾ˺ɫӢϹŵЦ⣬˯֮ǰľ״̬Ѿ֮
һ˯ѺеĵҲ֮һɨգϵƣһɨգԼû뵽顣
£ΪֻҪ׼˷򣬾ΪջԲĽҲ޷˭Ӧ
ĬĬţȻ΢ЦȻһ֮󣬾ľҲѾࡣ
ʦˡ
ŮЩĽе
Ԫ˫͵һâȻĶƺҪĵȫܡ
һϵĽɫ״ͻȻʼȻԼٶȽ˸廨
ԪаϲȴǲɫĶΪʲôʹûӣӦòǸµɣ
һ̷Լò仯û뵽Լ˯ź󣬾Ȼ仯ԭеݣ⵹ǳ֮⡣
ǺǣѺɲӣǰĪҪƽϣɸˡ
̬ɵ˵Ȼڽɫ״бȭǸ
Ԫаľôû뵽Էֵ򶨣Լʹסˣѵûһ˿һľ֮
۲һᣬԪԽþȣӶԷϣԼǵ־壬Щ΢Ĳڶû֣£ԷͻûܵκεֵĺεȵȻ
Ůӳճյ֪ΪʲôǸоʮֶصʣԼͬһֻɶ꣬Է档
ʵģɺķɴ壬û뵽㾹ȻԺɽķͽߣˣѾ͸ˡ
ԪԽɣΪһҲԼ֮ǰˣ˷ôأ
ɽͽ⵽ʲô˼Ѿ˵ˣ;˵أΪβأ
΢Ц˵ϲδ˿ζ
ɵӾΪүƺɵӣѵΪԪɻţԽԽǾ򵥣һΪ򣬲ܻû˿ĺ¡ɾ鷳ˡѵԺɽĸ֣
ԪԽԾԮϢܿ죬ΧĺŽԽ٣֮ɴĴԷŽ
Ԫ²˼ֻԼʱȴ̫ںˡ
Ǻų֮صıɽ磬ԼѾΪɵڵˣЩǿɵΣ
бֶΣЩǿǰʱÿԴǿеõʦ˵ϢԼðӵźҴҪǿĶࡣ
˺󣡡
Ԫ˵ˣŮʦĻܿ˳ǧ֮⣬ȴЩ⣬ϾʦѾס˶ԷαػôСأƺûбҪ
һ΢ըǰһ˳ɴ֮УЩޱȾ㵣һܿ˲ݵϵԪ
ɴһζɴ˾޴Σֻй˲ʸ񷢳Σվ
һ֤ʵҲĴˣ͵ɴ壬ٻ̶ľ
ʦǸʲô
ŮĿɿڴʦΪһѶϢƺЩ̫Сˣʦ˵ԷΪɳ𣿶ʦڵΪѵܶԸ𣿸οʱѾʦĽסˡ
ȻˣʦǷʲô񾭣ȻɴһˣֱЩĪ
ʦǰԣǲܵˡԲͨˣпǺɽķͽҲ֮ǰͯʧ¼ˡ
ԪЦԽǺɽķͽ
Ԫ˾֮Ҳû˿ĺ£ʲôЦԼɵڵΪʮɴˣҲвԼİΣ
ٶ࣬Ҳʼֻϣˣû˿ηɡ
Ůӽҧ´ͣǿʦ֣ص飬еĻʻ˶С
ܣԲǺɽķͽ
Ůп
Χ˹ܿγǧ˵ĲΧĺƴ󳡾£üëûһ¡
峤λΪпǺɽͽ
ԪŲæ˵Խˡ
ɴڶ࣬϶ԣƺѹԵľƣɴ֮⼸ĶƺҪġ
̩ȻΧˣһҲûֳκεĳԾǵȻ̬Խɴ֮˿͸
ɴ峤ֻ˵һ룬ֻȥȴʮϣüӥǣ°˳߳ĺ롣


1788 ɽͽ
ԪȻΪǺɽͽǾɱαؽҵȫѵ㲻öԸһɳڵˣ˶һ𣿡
ɴ峤кЩˬɴһεıԪĿȴֻǶԸһѾסɳˣԺɽķͽҲýɴֵļȮ
峤֪ԪԤУԲˣǲϣһΪ
Ԫæ˵еǲɴĴ峤
ƾ޾ݣ͸ҷΪĿ޴峤ǲǲˣ
һɴ幩Цļ
ҪɵԤоԲȻ֪ˡ
Ԫ˵ݺݵĵһۡ
ƫԤУԤдǲҪеѱǱɾ޷˵ˡ
ɴ幩ߵ
ߣ
ԪһûнӻΪһӦǾǽԼĺ·ˣʵûʲôҪ
ƽһȺǰִĳׯټҲЩ֮໥ǣǵҲᱻ峤ѹȥʧȥơ
෴Щ˺ͺǾ̫ˣΪǾݵķ˴ׯҲãɽɴҲգڲǱزٵģȫıܿ
Żнɽûﻹɵۼĸ֣
ɱ죡
ɴ峤һΧʱѻȸɴ֮˺Ĵƺ벻ͨһ˶ѣô𹩷֮
Ԫǳ飬ñ˵ɣ
ɴ峤˵аԪ̫³çȻδ֤ԷǺɽͽʵͽɴ˶ˡ
ǣ峤
Ԫĵͷʱ˴һȺڴˣеĵҲ˺ܶ࣬ԣʵ£㵽ʲôˣ
;˵ضѡ
ڲݵϣЦ˵
ȻЦĳ
ɴ֮˶ţһԽпһˣֻ˭һɴ֮ˣЦĳأ
һ飬㵽ǲԺɽķͽ
Ԫһһٵʵ
˵ע£΢Ц˵ҵȻǺɽͽ
Ԫһֱڹ۲ʱԽĻ˵ǺɽͽôôأѵǺɽͽ̽ӣкԮɣ
뵽Ԫ̾һ亹ʱҲЩΣԼƺûȷ֤֤ǺɽͽǸ⡣
㲻ϣھɱ㡣
Ԫ˵
֮λ޴ǡû֤֤ǺɽͽھʩչвַҲ޷ķڷѵλ˶ɵӲɣ
ǰĻﵹԷɺǾ仰ȴ̼еķŭ
Ԫֻ̽ԽɶԷȴû˿֤ݣңԼļ£Է˵һ㣬ȴûж֡
뼤֣ηһûˣֻ֤Ǹ֣ξŻԵ塣
Ԫа롣
Сӣ㵨ˣǻòͷˡ
֮ǰԪŭ
Ԫаϲ֣ǾͿ̽ʵˡ
Ƿϻ˵˱ɡ
Ц˵ɴһȺԽԻˡ
Цһ͵ÿˡļһΪ뱾ɵͽһ㣬Ԫ˵ô
룬֣һĿ˱ɵߡ
Сûʦȥѵѵ֪ʲôŽߵغ񡣡
ԸȻưһԪ
Ԫ¶ЦΪҪȥԸͽȥƣƺԱʹʵ
ԪΪԲԼ֮£пԼΪͬһ磬Ҳпܴﵽɺڵľ磬ǺߣԼľҲͲ˿ʵˡ
뿴ҳǾȥȵĵпԳ֣ʱ򣬵ˣ֤ҷһǶôӢˡ
뵽ԪЩˡ
СӣҶʦҾԲ㡣
ǸĿһѾǰ
ЩˣֵĻ治һ޳ܣ˿еս⣬ΪԵĶ̫Сˡ
νḻЩе뷨ҲգʵƾЩ˶Լ̬Ⱦ˵Щ˶ǻˣǾǲġ
ǻԼеһˣҲһȡֶֻ̽ο϶Ҫһ㣬ҸдɾͿ̽ʵֱӵжԵֶΡ
ΪҵΪԲᳬɺڰɣǷ˾޴Ĵ󡣡
ЦЦûʲôȤЩСɫһѾǼ
赭дһ֣ȴݵĺ䶯Ч˶Ҫ֪˿ԪķɵԲһ˿õ
ͬˣҲôɵӱܶԷɣ
Ԫסˣһ̽飬Լķ˿٣ǸϽ֮ջأԽɻˡ

ɴŴҽûãĺ¡ը˵ע
ɱɴ壡
Ԫд󾪣˺ܾǰĳһ졣
ɴСǣɽүүˣǿӭӰɣ
һĺĺ˳ϳ֮
ɽͽˣ
˿ʼֵĽе
Īţɽʱ׼ս
ɴ峤գ
Īţһ峤ġ
ʮҲȺգЩ˵գɴĿ־Ҳࡣ
ԪεƳһʱѾµҲһʲôǿߣΪкԮŻֵ򶨣֪Ƚ¾ͺˡ
ಡ
ʮӰҲգЩɴ֮Ĳ֮͡
һۣԪΪʲôһֱԼˣû뵽ЩɽͽҲȫɫۣϿԼǵһԱ
ɴ峤֪λΪôɴ壿
ɴĴ峤˵ЩȻԺɽͽʱвûʧȥ
Ϊ׵ĺ˶ɴ峤һۣͻȻЦð٪壬ƾļһȻҲܵɴĴ峤Цˣ

ҲͬʱЦ
豾ɴ峤
Ԫŭĺ
ɽͽ˴峤ԲŹǡ
ǰǸԪĹҲŭĺȵ
һʵ˵Ƕƨһȥ
Ǹ˲м˵۶ˡ
ԪԽŭˣЩԺɽļһʵ̫ˣȻ˿ûټɴ·Լ˵ѾǾ
ɱЩɽͽɱǣ
˷ŭĺ
ɱǣ͵ȡǵͯǾԲܷŹǡ
˺ȵ
ټɴ壬Ҳǧϵˣ˶ڣϵԵޱǿ󣬲ң˿ŲЩˡ
ǺǣΪǴ𣿷ҲˣǣɴΪǡŮˣͯȫ
Ϊ׵ĺ˵ģȻѹ˵ĺ
ͬʱͣһû뵽ЩɽķͽȻɴ壬⣬п
ɴһǧˣȥȷʵǿ󣬿ǣǺɽͽҲߣңҲԲġ
̫ˣǵɴĸ͸𣿡
ɴ峤ŭԷƲֱĪĳ衣
ʱɴҲͬʱ˲ҽܿ죬ҲĺӰЩ˴Χ˹ܿγ˶ɴ˵İΧȦ
ɴ޲һɽͽҲ׶ԸЩͽǧˣظ׶Ըˡ
ѾΧˣҪ˽ǡѾΪһ¶ɴ壬Ǿ׼úȤɣ
ǸΪ׵ĺˣʱѾɽ
Щһ൱ھݴϵЩھɱҲ壬û뵽ⱱɽЩ˼
룬΢Ц۾
ʱ˵עܵЩɽͽϣûж˻ǵڲݵϡ
λɱһĸ棬֪ǵ
Ǻ˾ɱɴ˼練֮¡
ס֣
һȴȴĴÿ˵ĶС
˭Mô󵨣Ȼڴʱס֣
˸ֹͣƣȻʼѰǸ˵ߵ
ղ˭˵־͸˵һԣ
Щŭû뵽ȻҲ˵֮ˡ
ɴ峤ʱð̽ЩɽͽΪ룬㿪ʼǺԱһ˿ʼ̽顣
ףԱ֮˾Ȼӵɺڵޣ
ɴ峤а̽ڶʱȻ־Ȼһɺڵĸ֣ȵ̽ʮ˺ɴ峤Ѿû˿ˣͷϾȻӿֳĺ顣
˴۵СۣѰһȻ֪ղ˭ںֹס֣ǺҲ¶˾ɵɫ
ͬĵ棬ǰɴиֵΪ̽һ飬ȴҲûзκε쳣֮
죬˭ǵĶ֣ǿ㿪ʼɱɣ
һЦûɴ֮˷С
ߣȥɱɴ峤
һɴ峤ʵһűĵŵ
ɴ峤ΪҲɺڣ̽ͬΪˣڸղŵһ̽󣬾ķֶԷ֮УƣԼΪ൱ľˣЩɽͽսɴΣӣ
ɽڷ֮սɴ峤ҽս𣿡
˿Цһ㶼ûнɴ峤۽
峤Ը
ԪսԷ컹δ֣ԼһԲô峤֣Ϊ峤ɴΪǿ֮ˣʲô⣬ɴ˿ԶԿЩɽͽ
峤
һڵ
ٺ٣
췢һЦ֪ɽΪɴ峤ƾ츳뷨޷ɱɴ峤ȴҲڲ֮ء
ɽȻĶɴ峤翴һ֮ˣЩǸɽķۡ
ɴڹ׷Ҫսɴ峤вһůǣ˵ΪѾﵽɺڣɴ֮еκһǵ֡
ɺڵĸ֣ǸɽΪƺΪǿɴʵܴǡ
ɴ峤ΨпЦ
ҪˣȻҪս峤Ǳ峤֮һս
ɴ峤üë΢ŭ˵
ڹȫսͣһǵŴ峤ɴˣǷ׷¶ϲɫǿɴ峤ΪǿޱȣҲԴЩĺɽͽ
ԪȻ־֮⣬Ȼڵӹһ٣ȴ׺ɽͽǿôɽͽٽɴ֮᧿Σһɴ峤սܣɴҲͱذɡ
ףһﵽǲǺɽͽǣΪβɽͽվһ𣿡
ԪƳһȴȻվڲݵϣϲǣɴ֮˵̫Զˡ
ѵղŵס˵ģ
Ԫ뵽вɼˣͲǺɽͽңһصĸ֡
ǺɽͽΪȻ̽鲻˵пܵӵĹпΪǺɽͽҪǿ
ҲĿˡ
ԪпЦĵȻԽΪĸֻ֣ԼǰǺɽͽôܻɴأ
ɽͽһ֣ĺɽ˷׷׺ˣսĳɴ峤֣ͬɴ֮˷׷׺ˡ
ɴ峤ɣ㳢ɵ
ɽɽ͵һ̽ûУֱӼ
ߣĺã
ɴ峤ССڿУͬһһɽѾӭǰ
˵Ľײʱ¡ľ죬˫Ϊ˷׷׺ˣɴʮ󹩷Ҳͬʱˡ
ȻɽһȴȵڿУһЦݵŶ˵ս
ɴʮ󹩷ǿɲɵӣʱѾʽ˾ɴ峤ͬĸ֣ڶΪĸУԷһɴʵȫĴ֮£һɴ峤սܣ롣
ɽܿ˷ɴ峤Ҳʾ˵ķڿ͵ıǿǺɽǿҲ΢΢ɫһн䱸
ɴˣڴʱ˺˻Ǻˣɴʮ󹩷ֲɴ˲ŸסΣһĶſеĴս
ƽŶ˵սͲ³һսĽͬΪɺڵļΪ޼ɽڷռƣɴ峤ĹΪͻˣһսֻܴƽ֡
˲⣬Ƕܾ˵Ľ֣ںɽһ̸ʲô̫Ӱ죬ɴԣǻԵĴ
̽鵽ǺɽΪɴ֮ˣǼ޵еĴڣΪѾﵽɳڡ
һɳڵˣڴ˵޵еĴڣⲢΪΪ̫ǿֻΪĶ̫С˶ѡ
뱱ɽ磬֮ǰЩҵģǣ𣬶ڽɴ֮Ѿȶ˯һľȻޱȡ
δԣһգȻѾЩңɼ飬оĻڵ£һеĵǱš
ֻ֮еһ֣磬ûаϺȡ
ԣѾȴЩиٵӣԼǼαװӣַʽ̽Ϣ
һҪȫȡﵽɵۺ֮һ棬Ѱӵ˵ϢҪĶ¡
а
ʱһֲıըǿеĶѸٵķֿͬʱ˽ԿѪа̾Էǿ
ɽϵսѾãϳȭͷСĿһƬѪģɫǲ԰ֽķҲʧȥ˾󲿷ֵʱǰ
ɴ峤ǴһƬѪ֮ǰʹǿĹһֱһȣһֱѾɽĽնϣǶһ򱻴ӽ״նϡ
ˡ
ɽŭĺû뵽ͬսУԼȻصƣһ뵽бŭɶ
ɴ峤һ仰û˵оǾ֮ɫ׼ȴܶԷһˣȴ˶ܾ֮ƣԼһǻԵĴ
ˣʩչԱҲͬסɴ塣
ɴ峤󣬿Щ˵иӿһǿҵʹ
ɴƫһ磬ΪɽͽɴȻͣɴڲҲзȴҲ˴⡣
ֻںɽͽĽ£ɴ弫пܻᱻǻ𣬶ЩˣҲɱ
ɽͽţԲǸǵģЩΪ˴ĿĲֶΣЩɴУ»ڡ
ɴ壬Ϊʲô
ɴ峤ŭʵ
ȻΪЩɽ
ɽЦȻɽˣЩһܿҪɱˡ
ǣ
ɽЦĺˣһսδȡʤȴҲɴĴ峤Լһνʤȯˡ
ɴ峤üë΢壬֪Է˵ʵʱ˿̣Լһ˵ǱذɣĲףܹģ
ȫͶ㻹Ͼɱ𣿡
ɴ峤̾ϢһȻݵʵ
ԣɽıк߳һȻͶһҲҪ־ܣɵ¿ɾʧȥһĻᡣԣ֮ͯ⣬ȫ
ɴ峤һû뵽ͶҲûл·ˣɴ֮гЩͯȫûκεĻ·
ԪǱһƳǣʱȴͬδһ㣬ȻվڲݵϣͲΪ
峤ѾˣԷô֣ƾǼܴǡȻԷ˱ɱҲֻ·һˡ
ԪԽɴеϢ˺ɽͽײڡ
Σ
ɴ峤Цеɽ˲ϣȻƴҵΪ˶ϡȻܹͬλͬ
ͬʱɽ׼

ɽЦͲںԷЩ˵ɱǶԷܹɱԼһûжӰ졣
͵ȺαִѰսɱų죿
ɴ֮лص˶˷ɽԸҲų
ѱҿڳԣ
ɽһ̽鵽Ц
Ԫаû뵽ǰǸ֮˹ȻʱʲôأѶӵԼ޷̽Ϊ
ಣ
һȻɴ峤ߡ
˭
ɴ峤ɻû뵽˾ȻǱ֮ˡ
ɽҲȻĶɴ峤ҲʶʱкоЩ
·ɴѡ
΢΢һЦ˫ֱȭ
Ǻǣɴ峤ҲͲˡѣ㻹ǿӰɣɴ飬ܲ˵ġ
ɴ峤ĿЦȻȴҲ㡣
ӣӣ
΢Ц˵Ȼʣȴû˿ľ֮⡣
ɴ峤鲻ԽķһͬĶô²͸˵ЩʲôͷȻ΢ЦԣȷʵʮֹŹ֡
Сӣ㵹֪֮ɿΪ˳ۣɽɣ
ɽ춢Ҳ΢Ц˵
ɽʲôô
ʵ
ɽʶĸ֡˵ںɽҲһɽǿȫġ
ɽ춢ðϲ֮ɫ翴޼֮һ㡣
ٺ٣
һȺɽͬʱЦ⣬ɫ
ߣһȺɽ˶ѣȻǿǿʲô硣Щˣңֻܹǵ˰˱ù
ȻЦѾµ˶ԷԼСһˣҲǵѾע
һȺ˼ƽϣɲķˣȻЦЩɽˡ
ɽа֮̽󣬶ԷֻڵΪΪԼ֣ɳһҲǣƾʲôڳأ
СӣţȴûŵʱһʵΪġӵд˵ʵ򣬻Ǳˡ
ɽ˵Ȼһ֣ϣѵ֪ʲôŽǿߣסڡ
ǣ
˵ͷ˵Ȼһǰͬһˡ
СӣڵΪҲԴ󣬱ɺڵΪ֪ܷܱأסкڻ
˵˵еɽĻζţûС
ҲֻԪɫԽ϶Ǹ֣ʱȫϣϡ
һ֮
ɴ֮ˣЩܹЩˣ˫ΪԱ֮ԽܴܶԷ
ѣСġ
ɴ峤ѵѾԤ˫սΪذɡ
Խսȫܣֻֿ̫СˣοԷΪΪǿ󣬾ԽǸڻҲɴ˵ˡ
ǰǰеǰܹԭ¡
ԪĹֵǸ
֪
һۣȻ˵
ǰ
ɴ峤ԽɻԪԳƺΪǰˣ˵ԪΪҪ
ȻˣӦٴﵽɺڵΪǣΪʲôԼ̽УֻڵΪأ
Ի
ɴ峤뵽ˣΪԲͣٲԼΪ
ѣܴͣܺɽͽ
ɴ峤˵ø˿ʼġ
ɽ֮ɫаԷԼˣǽΣ
Сӣүүһ
ڻѾȵĲͷˣһն
ɺڵĸ֣һ֮ǿ
Ȼֻɴ֮˶ԣԣһֱǲҳݡ
ûл֣ûܣƾԷĽϮ˵۾ֱˣΪɡ
ڻûгȫΪ˵Ҫڡ
ǹɿ񱩵Ľݺݵնϣ鷢ˣǽȻδɱ


1789 ͨ
Ȼıֱϵ۶ûб仯Ҳ˵ղŵһ½Ƕδܻơ
ô
ڻסˣаĶôԼһԷȻӲӣҺˡ
ѵʹ˷
뵽ڻŭˣһЧԼԣֱܴ衣
ɽӶɳˣг𾪣ʱ˿̣ѾҶ˿СƣľЩͷ
ڻȫۡ
ɽıлɶԷΪ
ǣ
ڻзŨŨɱ⣬ɽңָһ֮ǰҪ࣬ңɽκεı
Сӣٳүүһ
ڻŭɽ͵նһγɵĽȷһҪǿֹǺɽƽǿ
ڿ͵̤ǰһȻûмɽκηֱԶԷĽ

ڻЦ֪Լһɳڵ죬ҲֱԽ
󣬸ûκε죬ǽʧһ㣬¶ŨŨЦ⡣
ûԲܣ
ڻɻеɽôǰʵ
ɺڸֵĽ˵һֵԹ鹦ΪΣڶξͲˣǾԵʵ

ɽҲͬһзһ˿־壬ôû뵽Էķǿ
ڻȴɽ캰ͣˡ
Ǻǣû뵽Ϊǿ󣬱ɵǿˡѣǲ⣬ɵ㽻ѡģϣɾͷɴˡ
ɽ칰Цʱﻹаɱ⣬˿İ
һɴ֮˲ɷһߺɴ峤ΪΣЩɴ֮ʵ̫סˡ
ȻˣȻ˰
Ԫпϲ֮ǰ֮ԷҲΪоɲ⣬ֱȴڴʱ֤ˡ
Ҳϡ˽ѡߣɴ֮˷׷ǹʣ㲻ɱʲôϵ
һ˶Ѱ˼һԽ²͸롣
ɽ㶣ĿܴԽСƣĥŶԷ״ﵽʲôΪ
ѣ㻹֪ɽ˵ǿ󣬺ɽ֮У֮ϵĸֲΪǿҲǽɼǰĶ֡οɽ֮лд޽ɵĴڡ֮⣬ɽд˵е𼶱֡ԣܴǣҲԲԸǺɽˡһɱ˺ɽˣܺɽ˵׷ɱݡ
ɽȻ˵еľ֮ⲻԶ
ɣɣ޽ɣ𣿡
˵бˣЩǸΪǿĴڣǴ˵е֮ĸ֣ɴӡ
Ԫɫ˲ò԰ֽҲû뵽ɽǿĸ֣ɴʲôԿɽ
ɽǿ󣬾ǰһʱȴҲ޷һܣҲ˱ɽɱ
Ԫбš
ɴ峤ҲɵˣǺɽ죬Ѿû˿ս⣬ǿ޷ĺɽ֣һеķʧȥԭе塣
ɽʮ˵飬ֻǵʱȴȻЦĳֱ̫˼ˡ
Ǻɽв֮ԣеǺЦʲô˵еԼ˱ɱǱɱ
ɽˣƺǣɱˣֻ˭ΪǱأ
΢Ц˵ͲںԷв
ɴ˵ѾָΪûԶԿɽЩǿ֣ЩֵΪѾ˵֪
ߺߣΪ㲻ɣɸһ·㲻ϧǾͲֱˡ
ɽԤΪ಻ɳڣΪԼͬ𣬾һսԼȻгϵʤ㡣
汾һͬ󣬹ǿС
ɽһЦΧͬʱɵܱߣѸٵһС󷨣ԺɽΪģ˷ֱռλ
ڿƽŶԷ˲󷨣ͬʱֵ֣ɽָ˿У֮˵ͬʱɢɫĹâЩâ𽥵γһâһɫľ޴η塣
˵ںɫη֮УͿ˵ΣӵɺΪɴ峤ʱҲֻԼģ塣
ǰһ֮
ɴ峤֪սϵɴ˵ˣɴҲڡ
ǰɴ幩ԸǰǿС
ʮͬʱ
˵ҲսЩΪޣһֻȻΪԼһź
ǲżƾǼˣһû
˵
ͷҿڳԣɲʵٿһӵɳڵΪҲԲǱɵĶ֡
ɽŵ˵ֺʵǲͬĶ֡
ɴ峤ʮ󹩷ͬʱһȻô벻ףΪһҲԵż
ӦڶԷ֮ǰͷȵԷ󷨲úãҪǵʤ֮мࡣ
оԺЦЩ˵Ϊ̫ˣȴޱȣЩ˺ԼһͷԼͿֱԱ֮ˡ
̫ˣûʲô˼
̾
ߣ
ɽѾ޷Ŀˣ˹Ǻɫ͵ķɳһǿ⽣һ˶ܵǿ֮ɴ峤ҲоĽ١

ܣȴһǵֱӹУ˵ǹ룬˵Ǳġ
һ֮󣬺ɽڸҲɵˣǺɽ켸ӶҪɳˡ
˵һ൱ڸַĽˣǿ£ԷȻֱ֮븹Уֱͬһ漣

ɣ˶ǰһУ¾Ȼǿĸ֣ıͬĳڳ󲿷˵֪
ɱ
ɽ𾪿֮⣬аֲƫбķĸС
죬Ц⽣ζ
Ե˽
ˣɴ֮ˣǺɽˣԲԼĶ䣬ô벻˳ԵǿĽ
үҲɼĽȻǰˣǰΪʵ̫ǿˣ
ɴ峤૵
ôһ˵ɴڹĿɿڴΪǣһѾð⣬ͬżһ㡣
ɽһʿ˲͵ȥǺɽ죬ʱҲܵǿı֣߱ʵ
ˣ
ɽͻȻʲôƵģ͵ĴӺɫֱӳź󷽼ٷС
Ҳ˲ɢ룬ڰΧɴĺɽˣһﻹͣѸٵĿʼ˷롣
ˣ
ɴ峤Σ֮£вɿϲ
ˣоˣ
ʮͬʱɴ˻ֵĺ
ЩһӵıӻҪ졣
ҡͷ˵ԼΪǿֻ̫࣬»ᱻȫ롣
ɼסɽĸһ㱨ģݣ
ԶĿдŭĺȻǺɽʱԡ
ɴ峤ɫΪ֮һӹһ٣˭ܱ֤Щɽ˲ǺɽĿһʱɴ֮ͬһ١
ǺǣΪҵƢôô
ЦЦ͵ĻûӰӣֻǰĿץȥһʱ䣬ն޹⣬ľ޴գ龰漣١

ɴ峤鲻Խľô벻˴ﵽǿĳ̶ȣʵֲ̫ˡ
һҽͬʱɴһݵϣһӰӿеڵأһ˲䣬ɽȫˤڲݵϡ
ֵݵȴ˿𣬶ЩӰȴȫˤǱоͰɽǿ֡
⣬⵽סǡô£
ɽ쾪ֵĽеͰ͵ġ
Щɽ˿еʱһŷ˺һᣬȴǱץɴ֮С
־Ѹٵڵӣɽȫסˣһ翴ħһ㣬Ǹħڿ¶Ц⡣
ɴ峤һ仰Ҳ˵ΪЩȫˣ˭֪ɵһ֣㽫ץ˻ʵʵǿ󵽱̬ľ硣
ʲôˣΪʲôǿ󣿽ɣ޽ɣү״ﵽʲôΪ
ɽľȫˣζû뵽Էʵ̫ˡ
˱ɣͱܡ
΢Ц˵ǵĹâ
ǰ飬֪ǰӵд֮ͨˣǰµĹ
ɽ֪˳ǿߣﻹܣֻܵͷϴϣܹӵһ
ɽ쿪ʼĺɽҲͬʱģЩĴ֪ͨ·ӡ
ԮҲҪʱ䣬ο˸͸ΪԮҲδؿԶԸ
ɴ峤ΪǱĽڵ棬ʮɴ֮˻ͣڿУΨܲҪ֮֡
ɴϿգһڵͿ֮У·ˣʱȫ׵ĵλ
˵ԵóޱȣǾڿУҲ·֮ˣѾ޾ɱ⡣
˼ҲãɽͽҲգ
ǲɱˣֻϧʱֲòջʴȣԼ첻ڴ˵أɴǧ˱ᱻɽͽɱڣԼΪԶԶǿЩˣԼҲܻᱻɱ
ŹЩɽͽͬɽɱ䣬޹˽ǵĽ£һԣҲûзŹǵɡ
죡
˵ͬʱһޱȵĶ
ɽһľ֣ﻹиղŵǿ߷緶ʱΨֻᱻɱ˫ϥϵĲţ޷ǿ塣
һѾǺɽ˿Ծˡ
ɴ޲ңʱҲ˵˵ֻܹİţҲ˵Ҫ˭˭͵Ǿʵġ
ɽ磬ҲǺ˽Ƭ룬Ǳ㽵棬ýںɽǰ
㣬ΪҪ͵ͯ
ʵû˿Ķݡ
ɽ첻ֱ۾ʹͷ˵ǰֻǷ£ͯ˻صɽģ¾Ͳ֪ˡ
ߣ
һʱɽֻ͵һʹжʱ󾪡
ǰʲô˵
ɽ췢Լһֻ־ȻһϢĽնˣʱҪʹù³ȴǸܣвԽˡ
ǰЩͯ˻غɽ츳ĻᱻɺɽһԱ츳һ츳ܲģᱻɱ
ɽ˵֮иΪ

ɴ˵֪࣬һŭɶû뵽ɽͽȻײУͯŹﻹܹƽ
ŶȡΧɴͯЩͯˣȻȥɱ¾ɽͽȻ鴫㣬ͯҲͰˣΪҪЩͼ˸Ͼɱأ
ʵ
ɽа̾Ϣ޷˵ѣ˵ѣԼĸ죬ֻܻشǰɽһصҪռ˵ѪҺʲôҲУǲϾɱÿɴ嶼һĻڣȵܶɴ塣
ɥĲ񣡡
˵ԽЩɽ˸ˣЩ˸ûнɴ֮˵ˣȫǵɶ
ᣬɱһڣ󣬼ᣬɱ
ֶʵ̫ˣ۷˼仹ɽ磬ֻ˵ɥĲ񣬶̬ĺɽͽȴûɽֽ֮ˣ˵ɽжôˡ
֮أ
пЦⱱɽУȴǸҲȫʵΪ˭ʵǿ󣬱ڴ˵غܺõȥЩʵ΢ˣҪҲһʮѵ顣
ˣΣǿĶɰɣҪЩǿƽȵĶԴߣ޿ܡһҲԸı䰡
идĶ࣬һᡣ
ɽ֪͸¶̫ϢԷ֪ô࣬ҪôŭɱɽˣҪôɱڣһ֣ǺɽҪġ
ͬʱɽѾµԼˣһǻƴһƴƴҲһƴͱɡ
ɽ϶ԼڣʱܿĿ⽻
˼ͬʱ񣬷򣬺ɽ⼸ﻹұŽ
ɱ
ɽâ֣ͻȻһɽͬʱ˵ɽҲͬʱ
͵ϮһˣĬĳ̶ɴͬʱ֮
룬˵Ĭ͵Ϯɴ峤ҲǵĳɹʻܸߣҪֵǰСģ
ѻ̫ˣɽΪطÿһ֮ȴһҽ˵ɽȻ͸ˡ
ۣ
̲סһѪǱɽ˽һˣʱ˿ӿѪ
ɣ
ŭͻȻһɫɽʱֻɽ֧ҡҡ׹塣
ɴٴɵˣû뵽ӵдͨȻᱻ͵Ϯ֮ңʵ˲ġ

ɽЦȴǲˣͬǷٺˡ
һŵأȥ˲ᣬֻձúɽȻ̫
Ҫô
˵ȴ͵ЦЩ˵Ѱ·ǰһ˿ԥʱںɽ˵ĻǽԥҲʧ
ѾˣҲϾɱһб¾͵ɽѰɣ
ɽΨƴʱѾˣ׼ȴ³ˣԺúɽֽɱ
ɴһңԷ볷ߣɴ˱ӹ˽ˣԺôҲܲôˡ
Ŷԭǻܡ
Ц

ɽ͵һֻԷϵѪѸٵʧֻһ˲䣬ЩѪʧӰ٣Էϵ˿Ҳٶʧ
һеɽ˿˵ļһںɽ˽Ŀɿڴ־ٴںɽӡ
㡣㡣
ɽͰ͵˵ֶԷ˲ָֻʣ¾ǰľȫͬǰһ˿ʱȫľ
ˣұһڿǲܶʴȰ
˵ɢεǿɱ⡣
ǰһʱͿһʱͿ
ɽ˫һٴιڵأˣҲûһ˵ܣΪڸǰܾѰ·
𣡡
΢Ц˵úɽ˱ŵľսû˻ỳ仰

ҽڶĺɽ˷Լ徹Ȼ޷ƣһǿĽ£˵徹Ȼ׷ѿ
ӰĽɽ֣ʮϢʱ䣬˵嶼Ѿ֧飬ζȺ˲ɱ


1790 Ů
һ֣˵Ԫ֮֮嶼޷룬ܿʧӰ١
УǸɽ֮廹ڲţʱ򣬾ʩչ֮ԱҲȫûлᡣ
ӻӣЩ˵徹Ȼȫȼճɻҽ֮ţɽ˻δڹһ㡣
ɽʱΪжôֲԺ˴˵е֮ͨҲֻ֮ˡ
Сӣ㲻ò²ˣɵۣҲĿˡ

Ȼɵۣ
ɽоûü˵ͻȻһʹԼ֮徹ȻһȫİĵطΧȫǿֲĻ档
֣ողһȺһ㣬ڵĺɽͽ
ãɴ峤СĹڵأлǰɴ壬ɴ˶ȻǰĶ顣
λ˵
Цûһ˿һļӡ
ŸΪ֮޴Ϊ࣬ԣ޲ϹϾɴ峤ʮ󹩷Ҳ˿ĲΨһСĵװɴ֮˶ᱻȺɱ
ţɱַʵ̫ˣֶμֱδţδˣ޲ĵ׾η
ԪûףԼ֮ǰǶԷǼֱѻʯѰ·Ϊ
ˣôܻǺɽͽЦҾȻ뽫ͽ⣬ǲܵˡͽȻ㣬Ҳ䲻
Ԫаš
ɴ峤ɴƣԱľ֮룬ͷӦˣҲüʲô飬ڴͣһ
ɴɵͤУɴ峤ʮ󹩷һͬͬΧվʮŮЩŮӹɵİơ
ףôˣ
Ԫһ̧ͷԼͽܾȻվߣвɴ󾪣ʱǲܳκ©̫ԣܻɴ֮֡
̧ͷŮӣЦЦȻƳԪһۣΪŮǰġ
ԪĶͷ˲ӿ飬ʱΨᣬŮȴһ۲գĶ翴ֻһӣǿݡ
һжϳ²ԪΪŮǰģвɾúЦԼǲδʲôû뵽ȴŮ
ɴ峤ϹϾľƣЦŻӦΪͲκεļӣں˾ƺ󣬻Ҳ
ŮԵʹͷֻҪʱϾƣߵǸŮȴһֱڿȻְ
ЦЦƣȴľս֪Ӳ󣬿Ҳû˸˿С
ҵǰ·һ
ɴ峤˵˵ʱ򻹿Ԫһۣ֪Ƕ˵Ĺϵɴֵǰֻ

Ԫ㶵Ķвɸоһʹ
δţճյ۾գҲգҲЩΪ飬ô벻Ů˳
£
ɴ峤ָ̧̧ʱж˳һһҵϡ
Ҫ
ƺӦƴţɴһڸָǷŭĪһæڸǸ
Ҳ˵ֻԪжʱ˶˵Ĺϵǽʦͽô򵥡
Ѱ·ǰΪʦҲȲ㡣
Ԫʹ˵
˿ڣɴ峤ʱκι˼ɣϳȥնˡ
ǰɣΪ˻Ҫնˣͷδ̫ˣһʻ˵ŮӳҲǳɰôɱˣʵ̫ˡ
а֪ŮӾҲΪԼԼǰҲڻС
Ԫ͵͵۲飬жôϣֹܹһУǵƽޱȵʱжʱʧˡ
ôܻΪͼŮأΪ㡣
Ԫʹ಻ȴֲΪ飬ϾһеԴΪأɴİΣȽʵ̫΢ˣˣʱҲֻˡ
һ󡣡
ͻȻˣǿ˵
ɴ峤ͷǱʵʲô󣬵˵޷
峤λǰ֪ѾˡΨһϣǰɱ¡
һһٵ˵
֣
ɴ峤ȵʱȻΪɴ£ǰʲôʲôǹ֮ŮҲ򲻿ɺǰᲢ۵ġ
ǰɱҪɴ峤ôܻӦʱΨв㷲
죡ϳȥնˣ
ɴ峤æ
ʼգֻƽţϵ鲢˿ı仯峤´Ҳûᡣ
Ůӱϳȥ֮ǰͻȻںǰϲ㡣
˻һڽԴ󾪡
˺γ֪뷨ɵ뷨˵ӾȫһˣɴһڸһԵЩΨֻĻ˾
ҲһԼŮӲ޸оȴҲһ˶ҲԼйⲻȥ


1791 
Ůӵ屻˳ȥҲû˵һ仰Ϊɴ˵İΣĬĬᣬȴ١
ҲԼˣ֪ӺʱʼеİͻȻǵĿɴְ֮Ľ֮ıǲ˵仰Զڡ
ǶôĿܹĽ£ֻǵڲףĽҲֻһ
ɶ˻𣬻δ𣬷ɶ
ĬĬᣬԺģͻȻӿһĨŹֵЦ⣬Цпȴ˵֡
ŮΪļֱǲ׵ġ
ԪֻڵѪɫǲҰ׵ĺѪɫ˻һ˲ʮϡ
¾ǰһ
ɴ峤΢Цžơ
оһȴЩƣ֪Լ͸뿪ˡ
һɴ֮ˣȫͼı죬Ҳ˿ĵģɵܵŮӵзЩˡ
ڱն֮ǰˮĸˣֻв˿Ļںޡ
ն
ͤ⴫һȣԪʹı۾Ǿҵĳ鶯һ¡
΢΢һ˿ȥһ˲䣬Ůȴ˶סˡ
ŮҲЩɻԼŷնɱˣôԿЩأرǿŮиǱˡ
ڵǹ𣿡
ʵ͵һֱۣоһҵʹȴΪԼˡ
û
΢Ц˵Ů崿еҲ֪ΰ죬ֻ֪ôȥ
ǰң
涵˵
ţ
ЦЦӲϵˮ
Ԫϲɴ峤һ㶼ɵ˶аϲæǵǰã¾ȸˡ
ʮ󹩷ĸʣܿԸˣһЩŮҲĵ˳ȥ
Ԫϲ
ɴ峤Ц˵ҲԹֵϲ
ԪаЩŭǰҪɱЩ˿û˿ԥڼǰһȴл
룬Ԫȴ¶飬ǺǺЦλһнδֻ֪ǣҿԲõˣǰһˣΪǨŭɴ塣
ǰܵõǰ࣬Ǿɴ֮
ɴ峤ζ˵׷׵ͷ
ԪкγأֻǣǰῴΪͼ
ɣ
΢Ц˵
лǰ
΢΢ǷȻߵλϡ
ǰɣ
ţ
ŮͻȻˣв΢΢һʹȴ˿źۼ
Ⱦơ
ԼȻЩ֪˵ǱȾơ
һ˺üѾǵͨ죬һΪһΪȾƣЩߴĲֱ۾
췸һңǻˣɴͻһ𡣡
˵вһһ㣬ûпǵ̫ࡣ
ǰҲ֪ôˣֻ뿴ǰҲ֪䲻ǰܹǰĽ£Ҳˡ
С˵¶ɬЦ⡣
֮һü΢΢еǸоЩΪѡ
һǿĵˣܼ򵥣ֻҪ߾ȫܶԷˣϳһƬŮӣ⵹ýˡ
Ժܶ˶ԣʵ̫ˣñɴʮ󹩷ղѾˡǿ֮ˣڵΪжôǿ󣬱ȴҲδı̫࣬ˣ򵥵⵽ﷴޱѡ
ܹڵ飬ԣҲ㡣ô˵أڿֻǱɴ壬ʶʱܶݣû˽ҵ£ѡһֻ˻ķɶ꣬ƺЩ̫ϷˡҲֻһʱ嶯ѣ侲֣ᷢΪһİ˸ĴǺֵܲõ顣
һֳ°ͣ˵
ԣͻȻ̧ͷֱ۾пЦԼȰƺЧ
ǰֻ㣬һ𣿡
ɫͨ죬ȴʮִֹʵ
һ鰡
ԺиֳһӰһμʱ㲻һأڴ֮㲻һ飿
š
Ȼ˵ʱҪǻشţǹԷɶ˻
ǰ಻ţŵġС¾һ룬ϣܹһһӣµǰǡ
δ˵꣬ȴԳͣס˻
һ
ֻԺȾʱΣ˵ĲĻŮӾһգ̫Իˡ
һҲ֪˵ʲôźˣкԷΪǿǰԼأΪʵ̫Զˡ
ˣұжѡ񣬵һֱɱ㣻ڶ뿪˵ءȻҲЩɽͽԩ޳𣬲ɱ㡣ӦҵѡֻǵڶҺܿҪ뿪һߡ


1792 ɽ
һ˵֣ޱȣڸһΪͼŮ˵
ɬһЦеԽǰ֮ˣΪǿȴƽ͵Լ˵Ӿ˸ĴۣƺҲֵõġ
ǰɽǿߣ֪ĵõǰûκλġǰģ¶ǰˡ
̾˿ֳĹâԭߺͻȻòҰףҲԵЩӲԭеĻһ˲ʧӰˡ
Ů˰鷳
ɿЦ֪ŮѾĻ䣬ҲѰ̬һ˶ԣڻԵĴ
ҲɱȴпΪҶ飬ҲãҲգԸΪ֮ǳ飬Ҳֻһݼ򵥵ȴ̹ĵĸо
л飬ǻԼϲһŮˣҲֻһ棬ȴΪ޵ͣȫпܵġ
ʩˣ
ʵĲ˽ҡҿƯҲܿɰϲЦǱ۾ı顣
ܵ¶һĨ˵Ц⣬ɫɢĹâ
һû뵽ᱻޣ˵ϲԼЦǿмһЦݣЦȻЩǿȴҲȸղŵľɥҪöˡ
һЦݣһ仰Ϊ֮ı䣬ȷ˶ԷԲģķǳ⡣
ܹõǰ޺
ݵ˵ȵдִŵĿȡ
ģҶкøУ޸о
Ц˵ʳָ̧°͡
͵һôû뵽Է˵ʵ̫ˡ
ֻҪǰ£ԸһӷǰҲ׸ǰ
񼤶˵йỨ
һ׷ѰкܶȥԣҲΪ̫ͣʱ䡣֪⣬ԸҲһʮֵĿ̣Ȼܹҿ϶ĸ顣
ϴϵЦ⡣
ˣû뵽Լлᣬæ˵ǰжộֻҪһϢд棬¶
̫ˣʵ̫ˣҲˣҾԲʳԣΪҵĳŵ
̾˵̫ѣȴ˵ʲôʵڵθڡ
˼֪ʵںԼʱֻ֪ϣֻεץסϣ˶ѡ
ǰ˵ɣһŬġ
˫߬ȭͷһһк伤
ֻܸһ˵Ҫܸܲɴκˡ
һһٵ˵еЩˣΪ֪ѾԼ˼άģʽٻϣ֮С
æģȻһ˫ˮĴ۾
;ҵϲˣԷ
Ȼ˵
¾ģҲԲ
˵̫Ȼ촽ҧѪ
ģܷ磬һҵĳŵ
ˣɾһƬհףʵǴδ顣
֪УѾǺǿĸˣɴ峤ҲֻɺڵΪȴɴйϵĵһ֡
磬⵽Ҫôɣ񲢲֪
ȻϵҲֱӵıΪǴ»ǶԳһġ
Ҳ˵ΪԽͣԽеѶȣǿ˵ǽ֪Ļϵġ
ǰĴ𣿡
Ȼʵ
һ㣬㲻ûɣʶ֮ˡ֮һ硣ں̫ɣǾͷеִͷɣ
һ˵ȴǸоЩЦԼĿģҪôϵķ嶯ĸ飬Ҫôлһϣȴѵ
Ծ󲿷˶ԣЩ飬ǣԣȴôֲһֱִŵ׷ѰΪǿ󣬺¶˾ģһҪΪǿ֣ΪĿ꣬ҲԵ΢
ڴ֮ǰδ˵֮£ڳƫƧɴ壬˽ɴиǵĿҲΪˣ絹ûһĸ
ǰ¾Բģһ˿ܣ¶߾ȫȡշ硣
˵ֳĹâ
ǲɳ鶯һ£û뵽ȻӦԼĿܱڴ˺һΪĿ꣬źɽ硣
û֮ˣҲҿ϶ǴڵģɽҲûпǹ⣬ֻǵΪﵽɵ֮ʱŻ֮¡
ټɽ磬֮ж٣ЩѾõɵۣôȥˣƺû˵κ˷硣
ж겻̵κһ˶ԣĿҲΪ㡣
ɼΣ£ĿǰʵǲֹۡɣҽһϣܴԸɣ
룬òȻսԼβһѣٻϣм˵ľ硣
ڹнһѪҺ˶Է֮УһԷ츳Ҳ٣ܲǾˡ
ˣ
˵ԶԶĴ˳ȥ
ɴָϵʱ˼仰ȻʧԭأֻʣһȺãȻˣȴǲɫûбֳ˿ϲŭ֡
аԳ棬û뵽˵߾ߣû뵽ߺȴ򶨣ĽҲҶôΪ˵ˣɴ
һ·ǰУʶѾΧ޵ɢȥܿ̽鵽ƬϢ
أɴ䣬кܶԺɽķͽһйͬһɫ
һ·ϣɽͽҲкɽͽɴΧɱɱ¾·Ǵ˵صһɫ
ɴܱߵļɺɽͽ⣬ûмɱ¾ɽͽǲԸ⣬ֻ֪ЩɽͽǴٽ˵ɴ巢չһɫ
νЩɽͽɱɹʱ䣬ֻһɽͽ֯ڴ˵غ򡣸οɱЩͽһɴ֮˲˼ȡᵼɴ֮Ļսǰߣߵ鷳ҲС
ﾺ棡
ЩͬЩвɱˣȴֲòԹۣǾصƻ˵صʵƽ⣬ʱҲᵼ¸˵ˡ
һ·ǰЩɴҲԽǿڲٵطѾɴɵǿˣЩһΪ˶ԿɽͽһҲΪɴ֮ͳȨ
Ҳ޵ɽ˷չɣûɽ練ᱻѸٵıȥеȥɣһиҪȥ
аϾǿҲδﵽΪƾԼɵڵΪԼΪ̫İ
һشһʯ֮ϣǰһӵľ޴ɽһȥȻɽɽƶˣȥΪ׳ۡ
طӦþǺɽɽˣΧһƬ˿Եִɽ˵ĳѨ
а
ƬȻвǿɴˣȴ˿Թɽ֮УɽܹƬγǿҲ֤˺ɽ˵ǿ
ЩŹ֡
֮ǰĽ䣬Ϊ޷̽ɽɽҲо֣֮ǰɱĺɽɶ֮ԣɽ֮ǿҲ𼶱ˣԼӵɵڵΪô޷̽鵽ɽɽأ
ɽɽǺɽɽ֮ϣ̽鵽һǿĽƣƾȻǵۼõġ
ѵɽ֮Ҳɵ۵Ĵڣ
аˣɽͿԽΧͳһˣЩϺ
פƬ֮ǲ·ǾֱӷԽɽɽ
һӰźɽɽϿռ۶ǿг£ɽɽľ޴͵һ¡
ξɣд󾪣û뵽˵ǿǲýƵɵۣΪԲԼ֮¡
ѵɵۺڵĸִڣ
ʵЩ𺳣һ̽£мԿ϶ý֮˵ǿ
ԭƾɵڵΪǿͨɽϿյĽƣɴʱȴ˴˵ؾǼ֮
ڴʱɽͻȻӿֳʮɽˣЩ˳ֺ󣬿ʼɢ
ڴʧܺѾʹȻᱻ֣ͨʱڿУȴǽƵǰ
ʱ󣬿ɺܰҲЩɻˣѵǸǿڱչأǲڴ˵أ
ಣ
ٻ˷죬ʱҲˣ쳯ǽƴȥһ΢֮Ѿ˺ɽɽϿա
ʱʼʶĳ·ɢȥܿ̽鵽·˵УǿҲΪңΪҲָ
˲ҲˣֻҪЩɽ˲ҵ鷳ֺαȥǵ鷳أ
룬ڴ˵ͣݳӴĽơ
ಣ
ٶȿ磬ֻƬ̲͵˽ƵıԵ׼͸ʱ̽鵽·һɽ崦֮ڡ
֮̽Уɽɽڶ࣬¼ΧЩɴȻϲռκεƣΪһ͵ɴ壬пܹ
ɽɽ֮УΪڵѾǼһ֣ЩҲֻܳΪɽΧһ֣Ǿûʸ񵱺ɽ˵ĺĵӵġ
ˣɽɽˣȻ࣬ȴһɴ޷ģɽ˻һɽ壬ﵽΪԼΪϵ˼֮Ҳ㲻ʲôǶܱߵЩɴԣζ
ЩȫɳΧɴȫҲδؿԵֵɽ˵Ľ
ϢĽںɽ֮УЩ˷ֳӪʱվɽϣ˵ǰһвʮ̨ÿ̨ǰżˣʱ̨ʮĻȡ
ԭһαЩɽ˾Ȼӵǿʵʱգһĸ֡
ĬĬĹ۲ţЩɣеۼֵ֧֣ͱˡ
ЩУ޽ڵˣȻ˶֮ڣҲζţԺ󣬽ֲ֣ۼҲǲܵġ


1793 
Щ˵ûʲôȤǿĽЩǱ̽һ
ɽɲʱ̨ÿֳһʤʧ߶ᱻնɱҲЩ㶡
Ǳ䣬ֱǻȪ֮ս
Щ̵ɱ¾ȴû˲̵Ĵģԡ
ܿͷ˱䳡֮ԭķɽˣÿλԼĪңһʮ̨һһ֮ıԣ˫ݣʤ߻õĽʧᱻɱ֮Ҳѡ
̨ӦĽƣһսֻҪغϱˣҪСʱһ춼޷ֳʤ
֮У󲿷ֶսΪ漰в˽½дģ⵹û˹ܡ
Ѫ̣Ǻɽ䳡дգÿһսʤ˷Ҳɾô۽硣
ԭЩɽͳģϴͨпʤ̭ʵŻΧɴǿࡣ
вɸ̾ʱɴıԣǴĵ㵽ΪֹЩ֮սľĶǡ
һ֮䣬ս˻ƴһ£ȻĲпսлܼȥɻǾӢ֮еľӢ
ҲãҲգ
֣ΪЩ˵ķʵֻһӰǾηսԼΪôܴﵽɵ֮أ
ˣķʽ̶ȴҲʧΪһĺ÷ʱѾµ˺ɽ˵ķչģʽ
ΪͼֻܳȥɴսȻˣҲֻǿ߲ܷغɽΧ֮˼ɽĵӣɽ֮еĺĵӻҪѪȵսֱΪɽ֮е۷ǿߡ
֪ȵԽҲҪʱ䣬Լûôʱţ׼뿪˵ء
׼ȥʱɽ˵ıͻȻеͣ׶Σһĸ̨ƾնȻһȻĳڸ̨֮ϡ
ҰһεıѾ֮ã֮УɽѾ֮ޡ
߻Ŀ˵̨˾ĵţûһ˸˽˵
ڿһ٣¶ΣֻΪߵĻ̫˳ԾˣԭѾսϵĺɽˣʻһΪͼˡ
߶˶٣˵ûûнûнûδΪɽˣֻǿ󣬲мȨ˲ûаΪǵúɽ˸Ϊǿ󣬱𼴽ѡʮɽĳţȻɺɽĴԽжЩ˽н
ڴ̨֮Ļ֮ʮ˳ڸ̨֮ϣЩһϳ̨µĻΪˡ
ɽʮţԲͽѪģ̨µˣĸֲΪʮ֮еһԱأ
ЦʮţͻȻ͵һϵ䣬Ҫӿе䡣
Ѱǧٶȣȴڵƻɺ
ľ˲ˣôû뵽ڴ˵ؼһ˱ɽ֮еջ
ɫڸ̨֮ϣںɽ֮ӱܹΪʮ֮һһ˿ġ
ʮţǺɽ˵ϣڣɽǽнͬʱϽѡʮ֮š
ӿֳ˷ܵĹâȻ㰲һԡ
ಣ
һɫ۵˳ڸ̨֮ϣһ̨֣¶ʱ
Щ̲סеĳ嶯ڴϳֵͬʱѾڸ̨֮ϣȻʩչǵۼҲ̽Ĵڡ
վǰ֮ڣһ۲գĶǰĺӣ˲ʦӣǺˣ
ɽĲпĥ£ӵҲЩĸı䣬ʱھ֮ʱʤһվ̨ϣɢһεɱ
վǰȴȫģӴʱͻȻ鴤һ£ֻϤĸоԺжʱֳһ˵Ӱ
֪ôˣôȥˣҲӦ÷ɽ˰ɣԸڲпɽǿȥһ죬ҳΪǿߣһɽȻȥѰ
кֻǹϤϢԽԽǿվԼǰ
ôˣΪʲôЩأ
̨£ǰûκˣϤĸоɼ뵽
ͽܰΪʦϣܹ㡣Ϊʦˣɽô򵥣ҪɽȥԵľһΪʦɼֻܽȥȡ档
ԺЩңἰԼʱ岻͵һ
ʮ֮УǿԾӡ
ϻ˵ӣҲЩ˼飬һֱı̬ȻʱڣϵΪٶ֮죬ʮ֮ģӻŵһƾ֤
νʮţһǽٶ֮еٮٮߣ֮ͬеսֵӶԣһˡ


1794 ʦͽ
̨ʮˣΪһΣˣӵΪֻеˮƽµĻԻսȴ˿ɼ
ɽ˵ı䣬ҪͬΪ֮չһһսһδܣ˵һһУ޵еĴڣδ̫ѡ
֮ԱΪţͬʱսϵˣ߼¼ͬʱսʮͬˡ
֮⣬ӻԽսˣеԽսУһδܣΪٶҲ֮ġ
Ϊӣڽ֮󣬹ȻҪΪŵӣ˻һ̨µ˼ҪȫˣпνĽʺް
֮ǰֻǼ֮ȴΪ˺ɽеţõ˷лΪϵͽܣζϣΪɽĳһԱ
ɽ֮УһʵΪһʵйϵˣµģʱ̨µ˶ģҲҪӣЩǸηһӽбԣǽζ
ϲӣΪȡõĳɾͶԺֻǸҪΪͽʱвΪ֮һŭ
ǸҲΪȴҪΪͽܣҲζţӱֶԣԼóƺΪʦˣɲԸ⿴ġ
ܹɽΪͽܣвΪ֮һϲϲԼŬõϿɣǺɽĴϣкɽ˵żһΪͽܣݵλҲӦлõɽϵıӻ
Ӷһɽ֮Уļʵ޷ü򵥵ݣǾһҲս
ɽ׼ͽʱ֪ԼӦڴʱİʦȴЩƵԼǱɽεĺܲңԼһΪǿˣȻҪЩɱ⡣
ʱϺɽΪʦʲô
޷ܣȴԼܾغν£òͷҪܾɡ
ϰȻڸ̨ϣǸֳЦ⣬Źע˺üӣжΪ⣬ΪԼӵȫʤսڹʲôеš
һ̧̨֣±ѻȸȻЦʵӣԸΪͽԸ⣿
пЦνİʦֻһʽѣлЩġ
ʦԸ飬˭Ҳǿ󡣡
һֱվţγӵ˼׼شʱͻȻǰ
̨ͻȻĶһˣ˶Ŀ۽ϣҲһŻ˻ڸ̨֮ȴ
˭
зʡ
һ˲䣬ӵҵһ۾ǰ˾Ȼ
ʱ˿̣Ӿû뵽˷֮ʱʼΪİΣ
̽Ϊ̽󣬱ǻвɺһԭǰˣΪôСС˾Ȼڸ̨֮ϣֱѰ·Ϊ
ô
鲻ԽʵΨ˵Ķ֡
ʦһֱ㣬ҵˡ
γϾǰԼʦνһΪʦΪжӵĸʦุ
ʦ
вͬʱҲ½
̨ϵЩ֮УӵΪҲеˮƽͽܣΪжôأ
Сӣһضݼϣ
һ˵ȵбͼӣǲͽܺɫ
Ϊʦܺɽϡ
æ˵Ц⣬ǴܸøԼһӣ̫Ϊ
ȻͽܣǾǱϵͽˡ
Ц˵Ѿڴ⣬Ҳòһ츳Ҳһɽˡ
ϡ
˫ֱȭ˵
ߣ
̨ϵľŴͬʱΪԴϵ̬̫ˣҲ˾Դϲ
ӣ̳ĺͽܣȻһҲ֪
һЦ
ɫΣȭͽܲأϴ˲С˹
϶һͽ˻
֮̽󣬷츳ӣвɰϲ
Ĵΰɣƾ㣬Ҵҵ⡣
аὫɽĴϷ
ӣϽԣ㻹ʽʦ
ɽһϳѵ
ΪʦݴΪʦҲһʦɣ
Ц˵ʱҲ֪Ӻδ֮һᾡܺɽ˵Ķ֡
ʦ㵱Ϊʦ
΢Цſʵ˻һ˷׷׶̾ĵΪ
ԣ΢ЩˬǰסˣҪӻô˵
㶣в֪ôģѵûԼѡǴʱΪʦŹԼʦͽ


1795 ʤ
ܹݴΪʦɽ˵룬Ϊʦǲס
ЦŻشôϲ¶˵Цݡ
ʦɽ˾һѣ˶ƺΪɽͽȷҪϷ˺ɽͽΪʦ𣿡
ˣ̨ϵ˶ЩӦ˼һͬʱɫ
д󾪣Ķ²ʲôѵаնԸɽ
ⲻ̫ܡ츳ǿҲܴﵽ𼶱ΪʱӦͣɽΪС
ʹ˸ɫϣԼĿġ
СӣӻǴ󰡣Ͼϲֱˬˡ
ϷһЦ
ʦһ뿪⴦ѡ
Ц˵ɽ˵ķӦ

Ӿ̨֮ϵЩǿߣжԸϵİա
߲˵ġ
ӿЦ
ʦаտ뿪
صһЦȻ͵һ֣һźɫͻȻ̨֣𣬾Ҳ޷̽鵽Ӷ˵ѶϢ
Ǻɫɢȥ󣬸̨ﻹӵӰѾźʱ뿪ˡ

ҲЦˣڸ̨ϳ飬νܴ衣
ɽɽȫѲסǶܻ
Ϸŭĺ
ɽѸٵжͬʱɸɽͷ׼չһδģж
ϢŭǸӵͽӦбĳ֣ѸٵܣԲһ˿԰쵽ġΪǸΪ򣬾ƾɳڵΪʩչҲܴѸٵߡ
̨ϵĳС˵
㲻Ҫֻ˶Ǹε飬пӲ߻ģΪɽеǿţΪӲˣΪΪˡߣںɽɽһʵʩ˽ƷǾԲ˿ԻӳȥġߣһͬȥɽĽơ
˵󣬶˲ʧԭء
ɽ֮˶뿪ӵͻȻٴγڸ̨֮ϣҪúɽ˿ֻ»ᾪĿɿڴ
ЩͿˣʱͬŹһ㡣
ǲǷȱأΪʦҲϣ㣬һ־Ǵɽ˵׷СҲˣǴ׼ɽĽơ֪ǽƷպǵΪҪƣȫǲܵġУǲﶺܿ챻Ƿֵġ
ӿЦеǵİΣ
ʦȻӲǾ͸ɴ಻ҪˡҺ֪ʦЩζȹģ磬ҸȫĵطȻٴӳ顣
һƽ˵
Ҳֻˣ
ΪΣһ·֣ܿķɽһӣ˱һɽ֮С
Ϊʦһ֮أ沼˽ơЩһʱ֮ǲѰɽģǿͣ죬ȻѰһصص㡣
Ц˵ѾߵأҲԸ
˶ɽ֮Уӽɽľһֱ˵˼ʱŽЩĴ¾ꡣ
һֱԭʦǹȻץɽ磬֮Ǳ㽫Ӵ˱ɽһɣ׼ǿӼǸɡ
ίߣ֮Ϊ˺һʱ˳һɴ塣
ɽ˵ս֮УӱɽץˣȻɽڼ䣬ڷɱ˺üɽˡ
һɽͷĿӾȻܹԽɱˣǱ㽫ԳԴˣӱ㿪ʼԡ
ʦĽ겻ѣ̾ʦãǻˣֻ˺ɽ˵С
ΪʦһŴﵽΪΪʦɽǿ߱Ŀɲһ㡣ӿЦ
ʦܹΪɽ֮ǿţѾǷǳ˲ĳɾ͡
΢Ц˵ҲΪӸеԺ
ҡҡͷʵˣôѰģ
ҪشȴͻȻӼɽŵĶɽڡ
䣡
ɽ͵һĽҲ˲䱻ƿˣӰ˲ɽ֮УʱӲδͻɱ֡
ɽУɽ
һЦŶӣ˵
ԭǶʦֵ㣬񰡣
һæ˵
ˣаԽп࣬ǰ˵֮ҲǺɽʮ֮һԼΪԶһսްա
Ϊʦ˵ˣӲġ
Ӳ²ǴӦòɱԼȴǴɱ
ʦƴˡ
ɽһ˵
ƴʲôȥƴ
Ϊƣ־ܣȴҲԸ⡣
ӣɽԹԵ־ܣҲŹ㡣죬һҪɱ㡣
һ˿ЦмĻӣҲûС
ΪʦҲסˡǿһֱΪʦǾԲŹΪʦġһΪʦսܣҲᱻɱ
ӿЦа̾ѡ
ߣ˵ɻɾɱͽܡ
ǿЦļɽɽ֮ѸٵǿĽ
æһƣϣԽסȴףԼԷΪ࣬һսʤ㡣
ΪȻΪ޵ˣЦ֮
˵
ǿһ㶣Էô֪ԼʵΪѵӸģҲܰԼǼǰŽģô֪ԼʵΪ
ʲôѾﵽΪ
һֱΪԷ޽ɺΪƾԼ޽ɳڵΪҲһս֮ɶԷǴﵽڣԼͲκεʤˡ
ô֪ﵽڵΪ
ɻʵкЩ͸ѵֻɳڵΪôһ˵ǹƥҵԼ
ô֪Ϊģ
ǿҲ׷ʵһľ顣
ΪʲôҪ㣿ʶľ͸ҹһŭ֮£Ը
ϵЦԽãǰһ̤ȻӲõĽ߳Ӳɴ󾪡
Ǳʲôˣ츳ɱҪǿˡܳΪ޽ɳڵˣѵͲܳΪ𼶱𣿡
ͻȻֻȻĸо
Ϊɣ
Ӱסеļһƽʵ
ţҲɳڵΪ
Цߵӵߣ
ǿĵٴ̽Ϊȴ̽鵽ɳڵΪ뵽ŵĻŭɶһӾ͹ͷˣȴ֮й֮޲
ʲôǺɽ˵ĵ̣ΪΪĹ򣬱ɾͻ㲻ɣ
ǿɲǱŴģĶѾ˱Ӹĵ֡
ӾϲӣҲ֪״ﵽʲôΪһ뵽ϵĪΪлЩġ
ʦұɱģǣһһأǾ͹ֲҴɱˡ
΢΢Ц
Ϊʦ֪ɽУҲ٣ǻ뿪˵ذɣҪԺеʱ䡣
ӳ
ʦɽĸ֣Ϊ壡ھߣ˵ɱ⣡
һӵв¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ӷ˽⣬˵ⷬȻζ޾ɽ֣ˣԼľϲ
ӼԼһΣԼÿҲŴﵽ޽ɳڵΪٶȣɽҲԳΪһ棬û뵽ΪչΪ٣ļֱ˼顣

ǿĿЦЦŵĿԡ
ʦ֣˷ˡ
һ˳˵
ǣΪ˭ѵΪɽǲ԰𣿡
ǿڿЦôΪǿԼ

һȣɽʼ

ǿЦݣһֳɽõס˳ڣҲǵסӵĵ·
ʦ֣ԸǶˣҪԳ֡
һҲӵд޽ڵΪŲӣΪռƣǾԲսʤս
ãǿһ˿ЦҲ̽״ﵽʲôΪ
һоͽˣΪʦ㿴֣
ӹЦѹ˺ܾãʱЦ
õġʦҲˣǾͽְܶɣ
΢΢һЦеɽ΢΢һȻʧ
Ȼɽʹ
ȻѾֶǰȻƾиַ緶öĶ˲ɫڣ
СӣĺܲҺܲң
ǵ·˵еɽȻһȦȦâڿһӣһӨ͸ĶƱ֮УɢɫĹâ
Щɽǿ߽սҪСģмǲС
ˮеĶ
ʦģͽзִ硣
Ȼ
ǸҲڽֻȵĵסȥ·еɽʱᷢеǲŶԷ˿ԴԼ赲гɽ
ǿ󷽲Զ˹ͬ˶ߣɽ֮⣬ڶɵĵߡ
ͻߣɽиǿĸֻЩϼĸֲǺɽǿ֮
һһ̤ǰУ棬˲ʮ֮ʱѾ಻סˣһɽֱš
˽£ͬˣͻʩҲռ˾޴ƣһ֮죬ӲɺСģ
δܣɽ֮ʱͻȻֳɽץȥ
ץΪʵ̫ˣӶЩ㶡

аϲ͵ķֱġ
꣡
һ촫ǱɽȻץĶϳ˶أһ˶Щţ͵һѪһĲ˼顣
ôܰ
˷ٺˣеɽѾֻʣһ롣
հɽ͵ĳǰȥȴһâһ˶ʱҺһͷ­ͻİɽն¡
ҲԣǴ޽ڵΪ


1796 ɱ
۾־赭дĻּ䣬Է촦Ȼ˲ɱ塣

˵֮͵ĳҪɽ֮⡣
·ߣ
ȵһֳǰץȥȴâһ˵֮ǵûӳɽС
ʦ֣
֮循ֵĺȵʱ˶ôǿߣǿߣɱԼΪѾ˴޽ڡ
ſʦܡ
ǿȵѾЩţҲﵽڵΪ
΢ЦʱһҲˣȻɱ޽˵ı£ôĳǿ츳ɽǿĳϣӦҲһƴ֮
ȻֻǷзɣҪԭǶΣھ֮ʱӶ˽⣬ı֮Ȼɽ˽а壬ѾӦ֮ߡ
Ѿ˵ˣ·ߣɱ⣡
΢Ц˵нâһ˵֮ѾʧǿͬʱĿɿڴ
ǿ鲻Խĺ˼ѾЩȻʱݳɽ»ܵ˵ĳЦ
ɽʮ֮УǿΪǿ֮ˣĸܶӵͽܷʱЩȴҲ˳ɽ
ҲǿǼǰ̤ʱǿŭһڴˣͨ
ǿȻѾﵽڵΪҲһ鷳
аԲ²
ðɣȻҪҾͳȫ㣡
΢΢˫ۣȻǵֳһץǿʱһǿԼд󾪣һնǰҪǹɾ޴նϡ
Ȼǿܿ㷢Լķ˵ͽͣѾǰʱǿĿ֮
ڵˣ
ǿкȻɽ͵Ĺ
һֻһץǰǸ˵״һǿɽȻΪ˶ء
ĿɿڴôҲﵽǿΪԷӵڵΪɵ۶˶ԷɽҪôǿΪſ԰쵽
ͽܣʤˡ
˷ܵĺԼ۹⣬Ȼѡ˸츳ǿͽܡ
Ǻǣ̸ϣǶԸɽķͽǴ´ġ
еİɽصתϵ¶΢Цı顣
ǿֻؿڴһѪԷǿ۶˷Ȼһ̶ȵķɣеİɽʱԺжʱʦǰ
Ԫܣ
ǿźȴһɫǿ֮ӿϢ֮䣬ǿϾȻ˻ɫĹǡ
ǹԪܣǵͷڹ𣿡
ЦЦֶԷŲӣ嶼˹֮УģʮֵĸЦ
ԪǺɽǿķ֮һһʩչķʮϵԪܻһҪĹЧǾǿԷʹʮǾͷɵǿķǺɽĴϣҲδؿԽ֮Ƶ
ΨԿæ͵
ﵲסǣȵɽϼĸָϵǾ·ӡ
ǿʹ˹ԪܣΪȫ˱ϣѾڲ֮ء
ʦǵķǿ𣿡
ЦʵǲὫǿĹԪܷС
ⷨķǳ̬ҿ֤㿴
ɽ͵ĳǿһӵ屻ɽҲ˳ȥ
ȻзЧ
ӽɽУѾӿһѪ
ӣƾҲƵɵķȡ衣
ǿЦеЩĪ治֪ôǿˣôӵͽܡ
Ϊ֮ϣʹ˹ԪܣҲֻһķȴǲˡ
ǿадмЦжʱһţѵԷжԸԼԪֶܵΣ
ܣǴҲһƹԪܣǲġ
ǿԹԪʮ㡣
˹һϸӡǣϢӡǱѾʧ
ʦǲӵǿķԷ乥⣬ٶ޸ȷʵһķ֪ʦⷨȤʦȤҿԽ͸ʦ
Цʵ
һ㶣ǹǿ˿ȻҡҡͷΪʦƢγ֪ΪʦԸսҲᵱͷڹꡣҪб£ǣһ֪ͽܵ
ţˣ
ЦЦһ͵һȭǹǣǿвΪȻһǹ㸡ֳ߳ļ̡
ӷˣһ۲գĶǰȫû뵽ȡǿսƺԵЩǡ
һȭºǼȭͷӴ֮ʱ˲㱻ǿľѹ÷飬ǿɾг
䣡
ȭͷص˹֮ϣһ¡죬ǹǾȻɴѿˣȭδͣ

ǿһĲҽУôŶԷһȭֻ֮ͣñϴһɾҵʹ


1797 ɱȻ
һȭ֮ǿӲĹǾȻһڣǿ͵ĳŵȥڴ֮һǿıըǿ巢һ춯صը졣
Ŀ࣬һαǿʵ𾪣ǹԪܣôͱһȭأ
䶨󣬵ɢĹƬǿȴʧӰ٣һâһ֮峯ɽڶȥ
үǿһȭɱ壡
ӳˣӶҪɳԭΪ츳ǿѾӵڵΪɾû뵽ʵǿ˱̬ĳ̶ȡ
ϣ
ǿ֮ʱҲķڿҪݳɽʱоһɲɿܵĴӺ󷽴
ôܣ
ǿߣԼ֮徹С
ûʲôܡ㱾лܵģ̫ΪˣԲŻһ١Ǹ˵ˣҼ֮壬ʹ𡣡
Ц˵һҲںǿ𾪡
ҪңҾʩչ֮Աˡ
ǿݺݵв
ðɣ֮Ա
ν˵
ǿȥˣʩչ֮Աһ˲Լ֮ѾԼˣȻԱ޷ɡ
ҡҡͷЦ⣬ܹʩ˷Ī
ǿ־ޱȣտʼģȴܱ߳˿ֲĺɫ棬ŵľʧǡ
ӿǿ֮ʧѾЩ˵ֻЦЦ˵ʦߣ
˷ɳɽɽ֮⣬Դֳˣ
ǿ˿ӵʮǿΪôܷӳɽ˽ԾЩ˼飬һᣬȴǿȻûзɳɽ
׽ߣлΪϵĹŵӡ
һ˴ȵ˶ʱ֮УһĶӡ
ЩΪڴ޽ڵˣȴ׷ٶˣΨֱɱ
ಣ
ʮϿУ浲סӣЩˣǺɽ֮еٮٮߣҲ½ӡ
ӵϴŵЦ⣬ôɽأЦɽʱͬգһͬУӵҲȫͬ
ӣǳԱӵˣȻԣڣ㻹־ܣʱ
һ˰Ȼ˵ӵŲм֮ɫ
ɽ֮еţܴΪǿģ츳ǿΪ죬ԣвٺɽ˲δŷ
ǺǣͽڣֺξǡͽܻûǸϿɣǱɡ
ȻЦ˵һѾ˺þˣл᲻ɽǿ߷С

˷׷׷Цûһ˻ӵĻ˷׷Ϊӷˡ

нâһһĽѾǰɹȥ
ߣ
Ϊû뵽ͻɱ֣һӶûУοأ
ֻ֪ΪǿֻҲû뵽ͬʱһȺɽ֣Ҳһ
ĽٶȲ죬Щ˷׷׳ֵֻһҽкܿ촫·˵Ŀ£Ȼ˿ԵֵĽ
ӵֲҪɳۿԭ֪Ϊǿ󣬿ôҲû뵽ǿ˱̬
һȻʮɽǿߵͷ­ն£Щԭʹ˽ֵȴ뵲һ
·˷׷׾еʮ־ŭЩ˾ȻͬʱɱˣЩ֮ʱȴʧԭء
ӣ
һ֮ĺʮ֮˲ɢеʹ˼ٷУеðʹ˲ƣܵķǳŸ˵Ҳӡ
ٴγԭʱ¶һĨصЦ⣬Щ˵֮ҲʧӰ١
Щ̫ˣɱһһˣҲѾǿˣΪʦΪеԺ
Цݵ˵ڵļ
ʦƾǵΪôӵùҵġ㲻õģʮ˵֮Ѿȫץˣ׼ǵ֮ɡ
ЦЦеǶЩ˵֮û̫ȤɱϾӬҲһ⣬ʤޡ
ӵ͵һûӿеȥĻѾﵽ˼㡣
ʮˣΪԼ֮£ͬʱɱҲˣǵ֮ɢӵģô˲䱻ץסأ
ˣЩˣ̫ˣ
ӿЦҡҡͷȻļЦЩɽ϶ʲôö԰ΪʦɱЩ𣿡
Ȼԣ
ͷû뵽ӵֳһĨ޵Ĺâ
˵Ϸһͬץ˵صģϷҪӳɽһȺɽսḶ́Ҳһһˣ֮Ϸںɽ֮֡
ҧ˵˷ʶǿΪҲ˸İգǲŽϷӵ˵


1798 
˻һвΪ֮һϷӾȻˣɽУ
ȼǵ꣬ϷӵĿƽϹصͯԼֵܣʲô鶼ԼҲа塣
˻֮Уеķŭֱ֮߱ƣϷӱɱˣԼһҪΪ
ʦʲôͲҪڵģһԪ֮У˭ɽɽ
ʵоǷɱ⡣
͵һȻҲ󣬾Ȼ
͵һʲôʦᣬֻⲢǺϢ
ѵȫɱˣ
зͷɴһ
Ϊʦƭ㡣ʵģ˶˱ɽ磬еδɱ㱻ɱֻΪʦ͵ӹһ١
ʹ޵ʱѾ֪㹻ʵܺɽǿߣԲŸҽ̵ҽôݵ֪
ӵĻ찧ХХޱȣɽɽ˱ݵХ
ӵĻ˵һԪںĵȫûֻʣһˣܲˡ
ΪһԪ֮һںĵӾɱɱ⣬һɿֲɱɽͷӣ·ĺɽˣ׷׸ܵٵĿ־ɱ⡣
ΪʦĴ˽ΪʦȴΪʦĳ谡
Ӳ˵еĳѹ˺ܾá
Щ꣬ͬıҹ̣ӿνһֱʹ֮У֮ڱаսЩͬŵҲҪԭ֮һ
躹ޣƴĿıΪеӱѩޣȻ֪һǳȴһֱδ
һΣȡ˺ɽ֮ţӵĲ֮һɻûüʵеڶ裬
Ӻγ֪ƾԼΪҪѩޣǽҪޱʱ䣬ԼᱻɱѪñļʵ̫Сˡ
ʦⲻܹ㣬ҵĴھݾʹߣԲŻͬšʦģһΪȥͬűѩޡ
ҧ˵оǷɱ⡣
һ޹ءڤڤ֮עġһԪֻʣʦͽˣһΪȥͬű𡣡
̧ͷһɱ˵
ãĺɽͽҪ֮һɶ
¶Ұ׵Ц⣬֪һԪڵĺĵӶڴ˵أбĥģҲڱбɱģбɱˣ֮һжɽӲѸϵ
Ҫ嶯ǵ̫ˣǸôӳ顣
Ϊ֮һ㶣û뵽ȻҪѪϴɽˡ
ʦѾְɣҪɽˣԴȥͬš
˵͵ʧԭأ·ͻȻĲҽ
ӵֳĹâϢŭɽˣǶȥɣ
ಣ
ӵ͵ĳ·ȥһһ˲ɱ˶ˣǶ˻ûüӳ֮ʱӵĽٴɱֱӹǶ˵֮塣
¡
ҵıըɽϵ˷׷׸Ľ٣ҺڶѾչһĸ֮ս
кâһɫ˲䳯ǰɽͷȥ֮ʱȡ˵
ɱ
ħ٣Լٶոźɽ˵ȶԣɱ˵ٶȱ˰ٱֹ
ټĺɽɽһ·ɱȥÿһζǷȺɱ˿κε棬ɽ֮ɣֵܵɱƬ̣ɽɽڿ־֮С
ܹ֮ѣһʼкɽ˵ֵɱΪĳϺ󣬺ɽ˿ʼ룬Ǻɽϼ֣ʱҲֱһ£Զ롣
Ҳɱַۣɱȥһ·֮ϣɽŷӡ
ɽɽУҽж޷Ѿõıսˡ
ɵڵΪǶɱ⣬ɽɽô赲Ǻɽϲǰշɽͨؽкƣֻ뵽ǵĳأ
֪˶ãɽɽʮֹ죬ټĺɽɽһ˵ӰӶ
һ·˺üΣգÿζΪͷʱʱ֣Ӹп֮Ϊľ޴ࡣ
һ·ɱȥӷǰ˻ȫʧƵģȻҲһˣڷһʱ䣬ûκˡ
һɽ֮ϣһ͹ľʯ֮ϣеɽţѪһƬɢǿޱȵɱ
ɱɽ֮ɣҲ޷кĵӾȻΪһԪڵȴڵӶסֻܹ̫СˡΪЩҽץߣ
ɳھ޴ıʹŭУھһɱ¾Ҳֻƽˡ
ҷһԪߣԶ
͵ŭɽɽϻصš
̧ͷǰɽ壬֪ɽ۴Լ̾һȻǰɽ崦ɶݡ
ټĺɽɽϢȻûһطȥҵսɽ֮Уһ˿Ѫ
ȴܹЩɽ˱ɱ¾ʱĲ״ɱ¾ΪȴЩìܡܣк죬ȴֻĺɽ˲һԪڵĳˣо޹ġ
ɽ֮У󲿷Դɴ壬Щ޹Ҳ˺ҲоЩĲ̡
ʲô飬λңΪʦۣ벻Ҫɱ¾УҪ𷣾Ӱɣ
˵Ϊء
ںɽɽһصɽȴɽһĴжԺȾƣڴĶλֱһصĽš
ɽ϶ԺԼĪһ̳ѪƣҲЩκģȴǰԾϲҪס
ˣһ̳ѪƱ⣬Ҳζڲ֮Լпܴﵽɵ֮Ϊ
̫ˣ꣬һԳΪɵۡ
ɽ˷ܵ˵ǰǸ޴Ѫ¯ҪץһЩˣ޷ƳΪѪơ
Ѫ¯·жֱͨĽţ΢ЦĶǰĽţȴǽп಻֮ˣѪ᲻أ
ˣ̰ɣҵɵ֮ͻרŸѪƣʱҾͿרĵıչˡ
뵽˷ȴǲɫȻ󽫾̳һѪһҲմʺľ֭֭ʺѪȴ죬ͷߵľ֭С
Ǹӵ츳ǲץͷһȻѪưɣʱɵҵͽܾǺɽϡ
̵ţԺоԽѣΣæϥѪ֮е
ӾĽߣ밲οȴͻȻǰնһ֮ӷԼһĲݵϣΧв
УСӱܵĴ߾Ӳ¶˺ͰЦ⣬׼ֶŪһСкǣֺȴԭء
ǸӾֱϴ͸ȥףԭЩõģвɰΪǺԶ󣬻ͷԼͷ
ʦ
Ӱڲݵϣȴڲݵϣлһ֪ʲôֵĲݡ
ӦһһƽϻһĨЦ⣬峺͸ﻹǰֿȡ
㴴𣿡
ЦʵʱҲ²˼֪ǲǹǿջЦ
ţʦɱ˺ɽɽôˣҵǶǴ
Цʵ
ӿЦҡҡͷش䱾޾ԵĶԴ֮֡ҿΪڵӱǶԡɱ޹֮ˣǴȻֻҵĿɽ磬һʵΪǿߣǷ޹ҲԶԴֻ֮һ֮
һ֮ʦǡŷʵΪ˶ԣͲǣҿ˷ɱ¾Ǵˡ
ЦЦϵǿ˿⡣
ĪҪһŭѪɺӣƽ֮¡ο㲻Ե޹ʵɱ¾ˣǻٵȥͬйϵԣһɱ¾ȥɣϣ´⣬ܹ侲˼С
ҲһЦ⣬вΪ
ʦǰһʱ嶯Լں֮¡ɽˣԩ޳ɱǣҲⲻȥġʦҲڴˣҼʱֹͣɱ¾֮ģ
̾Ϣ
ԣ¶ϲ֮ɫæʵûɱǣ
ɱ޹֮⡣ʱȾѪǣѾǵˣǲ״ɱ䡣
һбɱ䣬ȴǿаסˣʱҲ֪ԼǲǸü嶯ȥɱһ٣ɴһˡ
ѵǰɱ¾ֻǻ룿ͬ˵صһȻʵʵ֮
ӵµַֻһʱŭʩչļѡ
ʦԲɽˣҽɱ˶ˣȫš
ͷ˵з˲٣ԭԼͲûдӵıͿԿĳ
Ϊʦɱ֮ˣҲ°ˡ˵ΪʦǱɱ˻Ҫʮ
Ӹоһ̫ˣȫû뵽ʩչǿĻľƺԼĻҪǿࡣ
ʦҲɱЩˣҲʩչĻ֪ʦ뱨ȴҲϣʦɱ޹Ծ˻ϣʦܹͽĿġ
ЦΪأӲò
츳ǻۣΪһУ֮ϡʦڿͽˡǰվһԪڵҵøĳưΪʦˡ
аæҡҡͷ£ҷĵĺܡΪʦҲϲɱ޹̫ˣΪʦм
ʦҶ֮䣬˿
Ц
Ҳһĳɾ;ͽܣھݣΪʦ㣬ڣΪʦѾûˡɽ磬ҪˣһԪڵĹأΪʦڵΪ࣬Ҳٵʦˡڿʼֱҵ֣ҳƺǰ
ЦǺǵ˵ƺΪǰҲûаΪ飬ϾΪԼǿ̫࣬Լķڷ


1799 Ѫ
ʦԲӣνһΪʦΪΪǿ⸸ҲܽжΪǰɣߣʦǳһԪڵҾʦԽԲɳΪǰУʦͽ֮쳤ؾãġ
Ц⣬ʮ˵
쳤ؾãģ
߶ϵıЩԣҲµͬԼ飬ⷬ󣬻ǸжĪ
һԪһ֮һԪڳϣһ˵㡣
΢Ц
һһҪǾûʱʦǳƺҵ֣߰ɣʦӦҾֻ֮λ
Цһֱӵ׵ˡ
ġˣЩɽأ㽫Ūȥˣ
תƻ
һ죬ҽȫ֮ˡʦĺˣЩУһԪгģһŹЩ޹֮ˣ֮һǡ
ش
ţھȥҳЩһԪڵĳˣҪɱǡ
ɫΪ֮һзŨŨɱ⡣
ʦĪЩ֮У©֮㡣֮УҲûзǴϡԣпܲںɽɽĳ֮
һ˼˵
ǸϣƿߺɽɽˣһԪڵĺĵӣһǱɱżӵԭĳˣɱҾݡ
Щˣɽ֮ǴˣһҪҵǾ̫ˡ
ʦϲΪԸѡ֪ʦû˵ɽɽĽǺ˲õģʮֵǿ󣬲֮ӵɵۼΪҲ֪˻ڲںɽ֮С
˵ҫǵĹâ
ɵۣ
ӻΪ֮һû뵽ɽɽɵ۵ĴڣǺɽɽеĽƣֻ֪ǳǿȴûһĸ
ɵۡ
϶ĵͷ
ҿ𣬳綼ᱨģǲҪһʱԺٱ١֪뿪ɽɽ뿪ɣУǧɵۣ˵ɵ۵ʵɲ⣬ҪͣΪǿˣȥԸɵۼĸ֡
˵ɵۣȻ磬ΪΪɽɽ֮вһɵۼǿߣԼʦͽҲڴˡ
ʦɵ۶ԣֲ˵ˣͽҲɵۣǵġ
Ŀ磬ǱԼΪ
Ҳɵۣ
鲻ԽһָӶɳۿ˺һᣬȻɵۡ
ɵۣӶԣһ˵еľ磬ںɽĴ϶ԣɵ֮ҲңɼԣɹɽǷɵ۵Ĵڡ
ʦֲǹô
ЦЦ֪ʦ̫ˣҲ飬ϾԼϣΪչʵǿľˡ
̫ˣû뵽һɵۼͽܣ
ӼҪϲļбԼΪɵۻҪ˷ܣʮԵʦΪͽ١
ⶼʦ̵ĺãûʦͽлΪɵֻۣھγǾͱˣһҲֻܳΪһߡ
Ц˵
ͽܲƨˡҾ̫ˣҵͽɵۣ
ЦеĵҲһɨա
ĬĬһԣҲʮָжʦΪɵۣԼҲһ˷ܡ
ЦҸոմﵽ޽ɳڵΪΪԺɽ绹㡣֪Щ컹ûзɽأҹΪңΪΪԲﵽɳڵΪ̫Сˣүڿɵ۳ڵΪһȣʲôҲǡ
ԳЦ
ʦֲ´ˣҲɵ۳ڵΪ
Ц
ʲôɵ۳ڣѵ
һվȣ˸ҡҡ׹Ͳûιȥˡ
ðɣҾһ˵꣬ʦִСеġڵΪɵ֮ǣһһɵڵˣĽڲ֮ءɵۺڵһһսҲɰաȻ̫ǿɵۺڸ֣Ҳֻѡܡ
˵ƾԼǿɵۺڵĸ֣ҲǾһƴ֮ģ򲻹˷죬ҲѸٵ֮زز
̬̬ôô̬ͽܣ
˵иǴڿϲ֮С
ףǴˣʦȥ
üһ˵
ã
ԽˣʱﻹںڵĴϡ
ʦ𼱣ΪԷһʦϲüƣʦ赣ǴϵͻȻϮˡ
˵㿪ʼýơ
ҵıƶĽƣ
һ㶣а̾츳ǿ
ǵģΪ˷ֹɵ۵͵ϮҸʦһףۼڵɵۣҲ˲ʦ
һӣһźɫ㽫֣ΪԼϻһɫʱͻȻǺɫȻ仯˰ɫȻԼİɫ֮ϡ
ʦߣ
ЦЦʩչ˶ʱһɽȵش
ɽһᣬо۲ͣôϾһ鷢ˡ
֣Ѿ˺ɽɽֻʲôõ鷢أѵǶСɱ˲ٺɽˣɱɱɣɽ˶ǡ
ɽЩκеԼںɽ֮лΣգǱͨطεĵ¹
ɽ֮Уһֱ쵽ϢɽΪ˵İʵھЩ졣
ಣ
Ϸһɽ壬鸡ɽ嶥ϣȴɽ֮ûκ˴ڵļ
Ͻʶ̽ȥ󣬷˸Ϊ飬ɽ֮е˻ȫʧˣȻһҲڡ
ôܣ
ɽ֮зУϵʶ̽Ÿûз˴ڵļôԽԻˣ鿴ɽµĽƺ󣬷ɽɽڷ״̬֮УǿĽƸ˿
ˣɽмˣôһأѵǱǶһץȥˣ
뵽вЩŭɽˣȻûж֣Լ꣬Щ˵ǱԲСʱգһ𼶱ĸ֣ɵۡ
׳գȻĴ£Ҫץˣɴǣαؽɽȫɱأ
пȴǲ¶ŭ֮ɫΨֱǶ˾쵽Ҳһ֮䣬Լͻᱻɱ
ǽȫ˶ɱˣ˭ܱ֤ɱңҵ׸ô죬ӳȥǼ
к־֪ԼѾﵽڵΪ㼴ﵽɵ֮ʵȴǣԼȻֻһ𼶱ˡ
ɵ۶ԣԵǶôСЩɱԼʵ̫ˣҲǿԽԼɵɱ
ɱңû˰Ѫˣ
뵽¶һĨЦ⣬Ǽؾ֮ȥ
ɽ֮УӲ˾ĵȴźɽϵĵǺɽȴȻ֪ȻЦŶɽȡ
Ѿ˽Ų˳ǰȥһ˻ǺɽϣвɰԾϲ̽Ȼʮǿ
˼û뵽ɽлˣȵӽ֮ʱͻȻǰж˱ֱţһȴͽܡ
ôܣҸղѾ̽ɽȣȷû˵ĴڣѵӵϢط
͵һͻȫû뵽ԼߵʮɷΧڲŷֶԷĴڡ
ӣô
Ϲⲻ¶ɫʵ
ϣܾˣˡ
΢΢һЦɫ̹Ȼ磬ûдĻ̬
ϲΪ֮һ㶣˿ΥԼԸԼѾץסˣû뵽ǻԼǰʵΥ̬
ӣڵϱΪʦɣ
ϴŹЦȴǺɲѣϢ̽˵ΪȻ֮ǰ̽һ
ɺϣǹģ˵ɺϣҲ̫ˣ˵ǹģҲܣϾǺɽɽĽ֮һǶôڹʱڴ˵أ
ʦɽĴϻ֪ܣƤһ̶ˡ
Է̵вϲϡ
Ǻǣ˵ˣɽԭǸСˣС£Ȼ䡣
ӽӲ
дŭʱȴΪ֪˵ͼ˲ûбֳ˿ķŭ
ϣˡҵĳˣҶȻΪʦвٵ񣬱٣׼ѪծѪɣ
ЦһѾܾˡ
ʦһﵽʲôϵ
ֻЩ벻ףŶ˳һᣬףԭӵͽǸ
Ǳɽʲôɣ
ʻͬʱѾʼ̽ɽȣлɶԷа֣򣬾ƾǶ˵סԼѰ·
ǲǱɽţ½һԪڡ
Ļش
½ţһԪڣʲô֪ɡӣһɱ¾ȾѪţΣһ½Ŷѣ˾ˣΪ뱾Ͻ棬ʵǵòʧҪףʮ㣬ҪΪͽұΪһС±Իǰ̡
ϿóӵǱеϣܽѪƵĽӰˣΪԼΪɵۣҲҪѪƣܲԼɵۻȥѪưɣ
ԣдŭһԪڵѪڶԷȴһС£Ϳ½һԪڣβŭ
һݣƾԷⷬѾעĺܲңȻԼУҲһ֮ۡ
ϣͷšȻˣǱǶȻŹˣ׼ɣ
Ӻ˵ȻҲǴһۡ
ƾ㣬ҲвϡҪϵɵӣʲô֣ǳɣ
˵ͬʱǰǶԷǿԮԼٶȽۼֲõĽС


1800 ֵ
ʦ˿
ӴϵѾڣмԶȻصĽƣǱӶݳ֮ң
аҲ֪ô˿ˣҲܣΪɽɽѾۼƷˡ
ӵµ˸ղڵĵطЩŹ֣Ҳȥ룬ڴˣҲûҪܡ
ϣֻʦͽˣǲûкԮ
ʵ˵ȴڰЦԷͷ֪ǵۼڵǿ֡
صҲ湻ģңҲɵ۰ʦĶΪοֻһ֮ԵĴأ
Ӳһۣȴ˵ĵȻ˾ȣϲϲâϲأ豹档
ûкԮȻˣƾǶҲұ鷳Цˡ
ϱЦʵȴ˵顣
ʱϷӱֵ൱򶨣ԼĸоԶߵǸͽܣȴͬһûϢĵܣ˺Ĵڡ
ãӾǱȻ򶨣Ȼ̡ѵߵһ̲ɣ
뵽ٴ̽Ϊһ̽ȴô¶֮ɫû뵽ǰ̽ԷڵΪȴǸ̽鲻Ϊ
Ϊ֮ϻʹ⹦Ϊ
ϺԥǰߣΪûǿΪΪҲûκεôϾԼǽӽۼֵΪһ޽ɺڵΪɽҲߡ
¶һĨЦ⣬ղ֪̽Լ̶ԸʶɾͿˡ
ӣû뵽ͽܾǸ֣ѹûԮˡ
ϱ˵߳ȴٶȲ죬Ȼǲ뼤ŭ
ϣ֪ǸϿ־ܣ
ЦвĴܣڴˣȻôкý
Ǻǣδ̫ˣҪͶǲܵ顣ǵŰɣϽۼǻĺܲҡ
䣬ϵѾʧԭء
ӵȥˣ
Ӳʵ
ʦģνӵ˺УӲһᣬǽȥһס
ŵ˵֮ǰ̽鵽⴦ɽЩŹ֣ʱǴʧѾ֪ǰܽˡ
ãǾȥˣ
ˬʵЦԼҲҪȫΪֻдﵽۼΪˣ֮ܳΪǿˡ
Ϊҵؽ֮Уȴûһź˳Լܹƽ˹
źգʵ̫ˣǸӵͽܣΪԲ֮£ҲҲӵд޽ɺڵΪҲѾﵽɵ֮֮ûҪðһսҴﵽۼΪǾڲ֮أʱȻɱǸƬײ
а΢ЦһѪƣȻ̽ϣȣ̵Ѫĸо
Ѿʹ̸϶˽У˷˽ķǲҪʹ÷ǿжˡ
̽鵽Щ޴̸ܵһŨѪζΪЩɽ˻ᵽɴץˣس֮⣬ҪıЩʲôΪĶ
ЩǸȴɾǿ֮
аŭȻΪԼһӣҲΪԼ޿ɾҩ
ˣΪΪĶЩ˵ΪͼֻҪһ֤ŻƳΪĶ˵еմȾѪʵ̫ࡣ
ಣ
ͻȻڴ֮Уܿ죬ӵҲˣŶ˵ĳ֣ǴϵӶҪɳˣû뵽Ҳۼֲõ֮ܽС
ôģ
Ͼʵ鲻Խĺˣ·ʮޣǴ֮ĶմţҲ޷롣
ôģⲢҪҪѾˣ㽫в
ɫ˵еںϣǾ豳Ƶĸ֡
ڴ֮Уһǽ֮ͨ⣬жʮֺصĽţƺѾܾöûпˣ²˾ȵĻҳ
ٶȽ֮̽һ飬̽ǽʱȴ־Լʶ޷̽鵽źвɰԾȣⲼýƵҲǼ֮
ӵĿͣǼϣܿͷѪƵܣлȻѹֺɽ֮ǻһΪˣЩʧ
ԭɱôˣȻǵѪҺΪľҺʵǸ̵ı̬
дŭھʱ֮ģ˷ִµɱʱﻹܰס
ϣ޲磬Ȼɱô޹ˣΪЩѪƣ
һһٵĺȵ֪Ϊϣ޲óȥһɱ
ɴߣСڡЩͼܹڱϵУʵǵ¡С£αشС֡ѵɽ绹ûѧһʵΪĵ𣿶ǿ߶ԣߵѣһһֻʲôҪ뱾̸壬ܹΪɲƾġ
ʮֲм˵ǼɵΪӣﻹлָԼ
ӷһߣϵ׺˼֣νͶ࣬ʱҲ˵ȥ
ԶԣǱֵƵᣬƺͲϵɱ¾ΪʵϣѾɱ죬һ㣬Ǵ޷֡
ҲΣźжǿĵۼ֣˭֪ǻ᲻־ԼʵǸδ֪
λȻʲô֪ˣҲ˵ʲôˡǵҪô
üͷһ壬Ѿ˼ƻǾȡ»СС»ˡ
ɣʲôΪʦ֧㡣
˵
ţҲʦʧġ
ͷɢһĨаȵЦ⡣
д󾪣鲻ԽˣΪЦоΣգһԤףҲһֱ
Ҫ
΢Ц˵˵ȴ
ߣϾԲԴС
ֱӼɽʱѾ԰ƽԷˣΨʵ
Ƕλһһȵģˣ˭Ѫƣ
ֻܽϣźĶϡ
ϣ̫ˣҪϣϣʮֲʵ
ЦЦ²ϴʱ뷨
ϻһû뵽ԷȻ˵Լ뷨ԽɵоЩĻ־Լ
㵽ʲôˣ
Ͼֵʵ
ʦӣأ֪µʲô
һʵ
ߣɽҰԴһɵ۵ĵ£㵨ҶԸɣʤ㶼к³ġ
вʱȻϣܹɵ۵סԷ
ɵۣ
ɻһĲ飬ƺû˵š
ʦɵۺųɽһۣһֱɽ֮Уֻ»δ˵
ЦŽ͵аη֮ɫ
ŶǵõھܣҲĸ֣֮ЩץǵɽʹҲĸֵ֡ѵЩ˷ڣԭˣԭ˰
ӻȻЩ֮˵𣬵ֱһֵ
ʦԭĸֵɽʹץ㣬ܺãĳҲͺˣɵĪ꣬һӦһˣҪ֮ȡɵ۵׼ŵһʵֵġ
Ȼ˵
ϳˣû뵽Էηɵ۵ţҪɱɵۣҲ̫ˣûб߼ˡ
Ǿΰɣɵ۵ΪǿޱȣųɽһˣƾʲôսڱɿɵƵʸûС
ϿЦʱ֪Է˵ìܲɵͣҲͲںˣ͸Ҳûʲô̫
Źƨ֮ˣҾ֮Ტۡ
ŭȵ
ɶ࿴һۣû뵽ʦⷽҲԼйͬ㣬ͬǣųһ壬Լųʵޡ
Ļ۴ŻӽӣȴҲɵˡ
֮ˣҾˣ
˵ͬʱڿһץȴǴϵѾǰ
Ͼδû뵽һ޷ܵĴԼ徹ȻܿƵķ˶Էһ̧ͷϱ㷢΢Цݡ
ӳһû뵽ֻһ֣޽ɺΪĴϱ㱻˹ұֵĺ޷֮
ɵ֮Ȼǿ˹ҲһҪŬȡմɵ֮
а˵
һָֻץŴϵĳǴҪɽκֽŲʹɽҲ޷ơ
ſңϾֵĺ
ߣ
һͻȻһţֱߵ˶Էϣһ죬Ǵϵİ
յԣﵽΪҲһǿ࣬ڰĶԣǱһߵͷۻƤ
ڴϾֵУһţֱӽһҲߵѪģԭʱѾĿȫˡ
оôˬˬ
˵ʱǹļŭϣǣΪʧǣǴϾȻͷһ仰Ҳ˵
ǴϲشʵǲһشΪղŵǶţˣôϳԵ˾Υľʹʹʵںֲֲܿǲ֪Υ˶ԷԸٵʲôĿͷ
ǰ
Ϻԥѡ˵ͷνΪ壬Ϊ⣬£ǿʲôã
£
ЦЦһתǴϲҽеı߷ɳȥ͵һѪڷɳԶ󣬺ܿ㵯ˡ
ʱ֪ʲôֲĶˣԷǵۼֶ֣κݶԼģֻ»ᱻĥ
ȻǴԸõĽ
ô꣬Ŵɴ޽ɺڵΪֻһɳΪɵۣڴʱǴĵġ
δ֪Ŀ־壬ǵѪҲãģʱһ㶵ľżһ㣬һ˫־˫ۣ
̫ˣΪʦҲÿɷ񣿡
ӲĶŴЦ
͵һǶλǰԳ֣ԼԻᱻԷĥʮֱҡ


1801 ɽ
ȻʦҪĸҲӣ
ЦŵͷʶȴһֱŴ֮еǶصĽţʱŵۼֵͻϮ
һĳ嵽˴ǰŭȭͷݺݵϣҵĲҺϡ
ƻļһʦʹгȻװ
Ƴ˴һۣǴ̱ͣһţʵԸӿŹСʱΪ˫ֵĳ̶ʵ֮
ӺܿͿϵ״ԼȭͷԶԶûĹĸһɽ˳
ӵȭ֮޷˴ϣʹ÷ɽǾȫһˣϾͬڴ޽ڵļ
ӣ飡
ϿЦʱҲ֪ô£ȻһεˣӣҲֻаķݣܵĻᶼûС
ߣҲ˼飡ɱͬʱѵû𣿿ǣôͬŵģΪյĲ̣Żн졣
ӷһŽ߷ڵأеɽ͵Ĵؿڡ
ͣ
ɽ룬Ѿû˴ϵ֮УӼ֮ɽҲԽ롣
һĲҰ֮ɫ֪ʹɽҲδؿԼֻ¿ɵɱԼ
һҪȥȵλǰأǶȻǶ֣ʱҾоˡ
ҧзϣӼ֣ҲֻһЩˣ޹
ЩҺƵģ
ɫʵ
ǰֻǷ¡
жε
֪Ѫ֮£Щ˵ѪƵģǴץˣȫ˴˵ء
ӷŭ˵Խ죬ȻʦŵĳޣҲɱˣȲ֮£ˣҲԲưոݡ
ʦھͻЩѪơ
˵ֺʮ׼֮ʣͻȻ̽鵽һϢڲԶ
ಣ
ξȻʧڿУҲһϣǳֽǰ
͵ᣬͻȻϲԭǱչصǰˣϤϢǿŵģ㲻֪ǰصľλãȴܸܵĴڡ
нŲѣʹе֪еۼֵĴڣǵл޷ݵĿ־С
ӵΪ֪ϵۼ֣Լֻбɱķݣܣǰɿܵ顣
ǸɽĵۼʹطϢϢĳڴ֮У׼ͻʩɱʱξȻʧˡ
ã߾򵥣ҲΪ֮¡
аѸٵĳŴ֮зɶݣǲ뱻˲֮ء
ʩչ˲ƣҲʹȻ󽫺ɫһԷиĲȴҲ޷Ѻɫ̽顣
ȻǸͬɵۣѹɽ֮еĽƻǿҵα嶼޷롣
аһҲżΪͬĸ֣ԼҲаٷ֮ٵսʤԷ
ֳЩ죬Ѿϵս׳һ֣Ϊ˰ȫ룬ǽ֮˷֮С
㶵ķӵʧȻ㿴һɫڿУɫԲֵǹ졣
֪˵ķڷ֮УȴԿķ飬ⷨĿռ޾һ㣬ԼһĿռ֮С
Ҳ˵δɱ֮ǰϻѡ˹ԹԱ죬һеõȵ˵ս֮󣬷жۡ
˵ǰѾﵽ˵ۼڵΪأǸͲĶ֡ΪҲɵ۳ڣڵΪڵΪʵǱ֮֡
аԾϲ֮Ҳ¶ЩЦ⡣
ɽΪصĹһڵۼڸֵƤж֣ʱΪ޷ԼǣҪ̽Ϣȴô̽鲻
СӵʲôΪѵѾݳ˽ƣ
ɽЩŭ̽˺һҲûѰҵ͵ϮѾǲˣǱڿС
ǰȾ¡
ϼɽæ˵
ɽȿҲûһۣĿӿеķ죬ϲ֮ɫͷеķѰǿԶȡǿɾ̫ˡ
öñ
ɽȶŷ˵ʶ̽ԽоеķǼƷ֮ԷǷԼĶˣΪʲôҲΪ˲Լ׷ɱ
Сӣ˴󹦣Ȼ˷
ɽȿЦһӣϢĽ⿪˴ϵǴæɵɽǰȻлɽȡ
ڿУһȴǿаҲ֪ȥˣѵͽôõķ͸Է
ڷ죬ʵ˽ޣˣеǲѣΨֶԷΪǿС

ɽһ֣һεǣϮ죬쾹ȻûκεǾֱɽȣɽпϲû뵽ȫѹ
ǰСթ
ϿǲСæѵճڣֺˣɽʲôˣмɵۣ¶Էļı
ȻɽһһŽ߷ɣ鲻õĺȵСӣ죬򣬱۾ͽƳѪơ
ǣǰ
æӦȻ죬Ҷ˵һ仰
ֻдϽЩɴ֮ƳѪƣ˷ǱɽƳѪƣǾʵֲ̫ˡ
һƳѪƣкܶһ򣬽ʮ̵ֲģЩܵʹʵڲԶ˵ġ
ҾͲ˵ҳɵۣҲҵ̬ȾͻöˡһҪץʱճΪɵۣʱߺߣ
̵ųΪɵۣһʱ֮ҲĪ
ɽ˫ֽУҲ֪ʹʲôַǷͻȻڿѸٵССֻ߳ȡ
ܹ֪һУԼڷ֮УұԷУʵһֿµ飬ڶ֪֪ף֪һԼģԣӻܱƽ
ڴĽ䴦ɽȣеڶ֣ΪһԼĸо̫ѶԸ
ðɣȻҪѪҾͳȫʱӶࡣ
аɲʲô˶ģɵҲ޷Ǿ͸ֻɵΪļһˡ
ãҪѪ
д󼱣޲ҪȥֹԷڷ֮У޷ݳȥֻǸż
ɽָһһѪѸٵĵǷ֮ϣѪγһȭͷСĹΣܿ㽫֣Ƿ֮ϵĽɫâҲסˡ
̫ˣ
ɽ˷ܲѣ֪ⷨǷһԼ󣬾ԻԼս
ɻѣ˽⣬ôĶӣǸ˳ֺݶޱȣΪҲﵽɵ۳Ϊôڵ˲δʱأ
ѵǸ壿
뵽ϳһɽȣȴֵǨŭԼֻѡͣĵȴķչе㷲Ψı
ףǸȥˣ
ӵΪΪƾǲɽƤʧģǸ
ɽȱʩչͻϮȴǽ˿еķôô벻ףֲɽȡ
Ӻγ־ǣۼɽȿʼʩչѪʽΪҪǿǿֱĨȥ뷨֮ѪϵӶֱӶȡ
ԣ˵ѾﵽɵڵΪΪôܻẦ¶Է룬һĿĵģһѾ֮УȴȻ֪Ҳ֮󣬾ڡ
ĥһջ¶˻ĵЦ⣬ǿԼͽܣԲԼʧġ
ɽȴ߶ҪǿĨȥѪϵһѪȴûмֶãȻǰķˡ
ⷨȻɣ̫ˣ˷۸ٴۣ۶ڱصá
ɽмָ͵һһѪ߳죬Ƿ֮ϵѪɫâԽŨҲɽȵ
а͵ЦƾͬɽȣԲԼĶ֣һսҲ޻ʤϣֻΪпһۼ֣ԣصķʽȥɽȡ
Ƿ֮ҲȫŪģ޷Ϊ˺ɽȼϵһ᲻ϧһеҪȡ죬ӶصĴۡ
ɽ˷ܵı˫ۣʶ̽죬ܵı仯ɽȵҲѡ
ͨķɽȵΪ˲ԶԣĵȼԽߣѶȾԽԣɽȲŭԽҪõ졣
Ѫ޵׶òƬ̣ѪɫâȻʧҲĻָԭеĽɫɽҲɵɴ˫ĿϾԼʹ˴Ѫȴûո졣
ۼķ
ɽжϣʱ֪ľ幦Чɽƾ˵ܶࡣ
ԽľеķȻЩ죬ɽĸҲ޷֮Ѹѵһı
ǰܻⷨһ壬ɽСҪ˶Էı
ðѵ֪ɽҪǰˣԼҲûб¼ȥߵĹϵʵһ
ɽȾþδ·죬бЩˬ֮ԣʱойŭһһȭǴϺȥ
аԽܣȴҲ㲻ֻӲӶԷһУһ죬ϵͬһɳɳȻصײڴǽϡ
ۣ
۵ͻһѪɫ԰ޱȣɽһȭУ㱻ֱɱ壬ʱ֮أôбޱȡ
ĹҲûɽȵǿ󣬶ϲǺѣԱ£βĺأ
СӣҪ޴۱ۡû˻޴˼Ʒķ壬͹ԹԵıͣٸҶ죬۾ó
ɽ˵һҲںϵϾۼ綼δﵽȻᱻɽȷ
ǰ֪ˣԲҶ졣
Ͽ˵зŶԷ
ɽȺٺһЦŷ죬ⷨɲܱ˶ȥԼ޷ָͱǸһֱչصǰߡ
۾Ͳ޷ո
ɽͷ˵쳣Ŀȡ
ಣ
ͻȻɽȵ˫֣ȻŴһȥɽд󼱣˲ƶٴνץС
Ǳ۵ģۻ϶꣬۶շ㡣
ɽһһٵ˵Ȼ͵ŴͣһɴǷУѸٵķĸС
ϿӶҪˣû뵽ɽȾȻⷨ˸У⿴ðգȴҲʮֵǿơ
ɽȽ븹к󣬵ڸ˽ƣΪɽ븹Уٲᱻߣȵ˱չ֮أ㹻ʱ併ⷨ
Сӣ۽չ㸺ѪƣһεĴ֮ڣѪƵҪ޷ͷۡ
ɽ˵Ǵû˿أüֵղűһȭɱ
ǰɽ֮У֮⣬е˶ɱˡǶ˻ںɽ¾ҪѪƣȴҲǵĶֻ֣ǰɱˣ·ܹѪơ
Ͻп಻
ɽȴʱһҪȥչʧȥɽˣʧȥϣѪƵĹӦͻ᲻㣬ЩѪƹûˣɽȻ治֮ܲ
ðɣھȥǶˣҪ񡣡
ɽȵı黺һЩ
ǰֻҪǰɱǶˣһԱ֤ѪƵ
ʮ㣬Щۼ֮⣬ԼΪ㹻ǿǿɴ޵С
ߣ
ɽ˲֮Ѿںɽɽɽ֮С
ϸ֮ɽһڿʶ˲䳯ΧȥɽȵɢɻĹâ
˵Ƕɱ˺ɽȫˣǣɽ֮Уôǿҵɱ˲Ȼºۼġ
ɽȿ˵̽鵽ѪƣЩͨ˵ɽɽ֮Уδ̽鵽ɱ֮
ȫЩ֪ôش𣬱Ͼɽ֮ʱԼڽ֮УˣǵôģںδϿνһ֪
ʱɽ֮ԣҲоڣȫ˱ɱΪɽɽκεطѪ졣
ǰˣһԼĪ޽ɳΪΪη壬ҪһΪٴﵽɵ۳ڡûԵۼΪɱɽˣǲȥˣҲ޷Ѫơ
ʵ˵
ҽ龭˵ˣԽϸԽã
ɽȳеҲΪ̫öԸԷƺַΣԼʶλ̽鲻Ĵأ
ϲһһʮĽ˵齲˼ʱ
ЩŭȴǰһˣԼ΢Ц˭
㣬ô
д󾪡
ʦģҿɲǱץģԼġڷ֮УС
ЦŽ͵
ǣиʲôأ
ӵͷȴȻЩ⡣


1802 ȼյս
ֻЦЦҲͣӵǻֻۣҪһʱĿڡ
ʮҡҡͷͬһаǰԼĵӣǳˡ
һ˶ԣķǺսοڲķˣĿڡ
˲˼ɽһ֪У϶˿Ϊ£УʱԷĹ޷֮壬ȴҲɵƻ塣
Ȼ֪ʱʵ뷨ֻӶõɳۿʱţǱһ㣬֮ƽԷ壬ǲĲԡ
ǣڵۼֶԣʧȥ壬Ҳӵǿ֮壬һҪֻԼֶҲʮİսԷ֮塣
񣬻ðһգ׷һ㡣
һ˿Ц⣬Ȼ˵ʦģɽȴﵽ˵ۼڵΪҲ𡣡
𣿡
˵лЩĻ
Ͼͬ𶼺öԷΪһ֮һ֮ԱһҲûʮİѣԣ˵ҪͬĵۼʱлЩš
ʦۼҲˣ̫֮Ī⡣ҾŹɽȵ壬Ƚ֮塣
΢Ц˵е뷨
Էǵۼ֣ڣѵϢ̽鵽֮뷨̫˼ˣһлСΪмǲɴⰡ
Ӳ޵ǵȰ
ʦģһס֮壬ֻҪס֮壬ֻ֮ƾˡ
Ϊŵ˵ԼΪ֮ͬӦⲻ󣬴˻Ϊ屾壬аա
ۼ֮ͬɣͷҲֻżʱĿɿڴ
ľ粻ʦģֻҪģȥɣʦһȫ֧㣬Ҳǡ
¶Ц⣬֪Գͽܣľ飬Բðνķա
ͷʧڷ֮УһŵĽɫâӷ֮ӿֶ
Ӹɴڷ֮Уɴ۾Ŷ䣬ŷ֮һһ
٩٩̸ȴһɣ̱ͣȻ󹧾ɽȡ
ɽȵɫδ϶ԼЩ˼ˣģǷ״ƿء
ϲǰԤףǰշΪһ¥
ϵޱȵ˵

ɽȿЦȻҲϣȫ˼ڵķ֮ϣһ㵭Ľɫâʶ̽飬ܿ㷢ɫâȻһӴ塣
ΪһΪǿĵۼˣôܻŹߵķ⣬ɽȵɢ˷ܵĹâǲţôϿĪ²ɽǲѾǷˣôֵܻʧ̬
̫ˣⷨΪһǣֻ¾ۼΪҲԶˡ
ɽаϲʹԴǹӴ
һС̽ɽȷԼȻĿⷨɢǣиΪ嶯
öԷһȻΪ˷ųߵ㣬ʱɽȹȻչΪðյķʽ
ΪѸٵշɢɽȾ֮壬֮Ѹٵշ
ɽڴﵽۼΪѾ߱ɵ츳츳ǺھϰɹѾǿ˺ܶࡣ
ɽ֪ǰ֮еۼֵĴڣֻҲ֮շ֮ϵȻɽȵУһǶԷ־֮¶ʧģԣΪⷨԼ޶в
Ѿ̽ɽȵ֮λڣû뵽֮⵹֮̽µľ޴ջ
ҡҡλ£ܱ߽ɫâƺԽԽŨˣɽȼĲг˶Ľɫ֮Ѿ˷Χ֮ϵҲ֮ɽա
ԽɫתɵĽɫӵеĻҲĵͶɽȴû̽鵽ΣյĴڣȻ֮չԷ֮ɡ
͸ɽɵģһԸ㲻ʲô֮ȴأɽȵû쵽Σ
ಣ
ͻȻĻƽɫ֮תɽҲɸоɻ󣬲֪ľԵķҪʲô
ۣ
ɽȾû뵽Ƿ֮ϾȻɢ޾ĽɫЩ˵ľ֮࣬ɽȵ𺳡
ҽȫɣǿԽۼˣۼڰǿľ磬һҴﵽ˵ۼڣɵۣҲ֡٣Ǹһˣ
ɽһ˲˺ܶ࣬ӴʱԱԼɣȻûµ塣
ʮϢ֮ɽͻȻܵΣյĴڣе󾪣ΪΪﵽۼÿһεԤжʮֵ飬ǲ⣬ΣϽҪˡ
ɽȲ̫ţɽȽгȥɽǽƿԽ󲿷ֵۼֵ棬ԼܰΣյĴڡ
ߣܵУʲôãһȻûַ˶ôصĴ󡣡
аʱѾʹǿɽȵ֮壬Է֮ҪֻİΧȦǳ˵ΣοԼԱԸ֮壬֮ԣԶ׼
ɽȻǸоľŻڵķ죬Ȼ̱гȥ
Ȼǻ档
ɽȵ֮ڴΧĻ󣬱ȷɵԭĵطʱ֮ѾֲĻ棬ɽڲõĽҲڴʱͬ衣
⵽ô£
ɽȾֵĺʵͷƤ飬ڲ¶ѸٵЩй¶ֻԼ壬ʵԳֲĻ
ֹ壬֮壬Ҳ޷׵ĳ棬ɽη壬ķٻֵ档
һâ˽ɫĻ֮УɽȱΪս׿ػ֮壬ôû뵽ս׳к󣬾Ȼ˲ȼ
սȼգɽȿֱǷ˼֮£˵鷢ˣս׾ȻûܳİΧȦУܿȼһѺɫҳ
ɶĻ棬ʲô
ɽȷŭĺвǴϵĻʱûģȻ˵˵Ĺơ
ɽƵǣԼ˹ƣǵȴûг֣ʵֲ̫ˡ
ԽΣɽȷŭţһ˲ٻԷɵЩ֮ʱȴǱˣ޷ػɽȵ֮塣
ɽֹͣŭͻȻ־ֱڻûѵԼĸУЩǿĻӺζأ
֮ɽȷԼԷʶѸٵļʱɽ׹ԷȻԼ֮еʶ
ѣһ
ɽȲòʱѾռƣԼѾЩɽˮˣʱԷ涼Էסôһʮҵ顣
ڻ֮УһҲҴ⣬ûԷǼӿʶٶȣɽԽ塣
ǰ鰡
ɽȵ֮ܵ˷ɵʹ࣬αѪ֮ҵĲš
ߣԵʴȣǶԼ̣ôܻŹ
аȻԷɷ֮е
ɽȴδ˹飬ʱ־ֻڣµԼһΪһڵ̫ԴûӴϵ
ȫоĴˣɽȵѾЩɷĺǰ
аԷ仰ԲǶԼ˵ģǻδ¶ĵۼȡ
ȻϣһһΪΪǿ󣬷ۼڵļһﲻڳơǰ
²
ɽȷ͵Ĳһ£ɽаԾϲΪ˻ԼɽۼڵĸֳһԾԼȻɱսթĵˡ
ͣ


1803 Ƿһ
ɽΧĻ͵Ĵǣǵǻ˲ǿһֹγɵİΧȦȴ֮ǰࡣ
ѹǰȾ£¾Ҫˡ
ɽȼķУʱΣڵϦҲǰˡ
ĳɽȵǰʱɽȾͬ˶ħһ㣬ǰ֮ӢЩаȻǷƽƽϬ΢΢һĨЦЦЦ⣬һˣȴǾΣյ
ֱʱɽȶûԷ״ﵽʲôΪв²ΪӦòԼ츳ԳԼĻô
ס֣ĺܲҺܲң
ɽȶݺݵвΪѾ֪˴𶯣֪Ԯܿ͵ʱԼӦסԷвҪĹõĶࡣ
ߣ
Ĵ΢΢һ̣ɽȵͬڴһˣǻк߳Ǽ䲻м
ɽоҵһûļ˵ͻȻоĽɫԼ֮壬ЩɫоȻ̺˻

ɽȱܵҪܣΧǻ棬ɽ·ɶ㣬Щ潣ٶȺ֮죬ֻһ˲䣬ɽȸоԼ֮ͬʬĸо޷ܵʹɽʶķһİҽС
֮屾ʹѾʮֱңµĥ£ɽȼŵ֮ԱɽȾȻԼ֮屻ԷĻ潣ϸ΢ѷ졣
һݣҲû뵽Է֮ķȻǿƾԼȫʩչĻ潣ȻֻǽԷ֮ѷ죬ķѡ

һǧ۳һߣɽһ˲ȫиܵĩյ٣ֱʱɽȲ뵽֮Ա
ԱɵӣһаղŸסҵ֮塣񰡣ҽôˣʵԳ˾󲿷ֵۼɵ۵ʵ
ɽֻ˼һƬңĽ£ȻЩľʱ򣬸ܵĿռҲûУΨһıֱԷһ
ʱ䲢ǽɫն֮ʱһ˺ѵɽǼ̵ֱ֮ӱնΪš

ɽȷҾ徵һ֮ɽȵͬһ㣬˲ʧӰ٣ʬǶû¡
ಣ
λûĳǰڴʱ˿̣ɽֻһǿԼ֣֮㱻ǿֲĻȫɡ
ڷ֮еĿɿڴĿɱڸֵΪֱͬ˳һ㣬ΪʹˣʱҲò츳ȣֹһ㡣
ɽȵ֮ƾʧˣǿֲĻҲʧӰ٣Ц⣬Ȼڴ֮Уü΢˲𶯵ؽš
˵ʲôͻȻǰâһѾԼǰжʱѣ˵ĻҲһɶ
£֮ԣ̫ǳˣӣҡҡͷĬĶ˴Ĵָ
ĵһЦ΢΢ͷ֪ʦԼΪˣҲоȻĳɾ͸УȻ֮ˣҲڴʱݽ֮С
ʱ͵ķҵ𶯣ʱᵹ£ȴ޾ɫڷ֮УԵۼڵĸ֣Σ


1804 
ǰսۼڸֵĳ嶯ֻʱԼΪҪ͵Ķ࣬ʱһۼڸ֣ÿ֤Լʵʵ
ǻѵҪսۼڵĳ֣
΢Цʵеû˿ĵģϾǻʵղѾɱһڵɵֶۣκǿ󣬾Խսۼڵĸ֣Ҳġ
ʦҲߣǾߣҲưոݡȻˣҲֶܿأ
۽һ˿Ц
Ӳߣ֮⣬ʱǰһȻȫˡ
ӻعѾƬЩ֮ѪѪƵװѾ׻
ã
˷ܵĻȭͷ㵽ɽ磬һǻУҲΪΪ
ηСӣȻɱˣʵڵΪ
һ˷ʮ̶ִüͷһ塣
ҲΪʦűѩޣ
ηĻشͬ˷
۲δ˷ŵǿɵۣߣ¿֪˵ɵ۵һ֮أ
ҡҡ׹ȴʼûб
ûֻ˵ªšڣ˵ɵۣǷһ
Цںɵ۵ţΪΪǿ󣬾ɵ۱ˣΣһսǴ򲻹ʮΪϼơ
һԷԼʱȥҪɱɵۣʵֻǸʱ⣬һ㣬κ⡣
ʵǲ֪ߵغ񣬾Ȼڳ˿ԡɽ֮УɵǵһɵۣǸ¿ԶԿġΪɵ۵£۵һԸжʵ
䲻м˵
΢΢˫֪˱֮ǰɽҪǿĶ࣬ƾԼʵɱǲܵ顣
ɵɵۺڣ֮Ĳ֮ΪαʵҲпԷһսҪܶԷǾͲһԳɹˡ
ɱԷûκΰգǿǵۼڵĸ֣Լӵǿ츳ȴҲһɶԷ֮壬ɽȵ֮ʮֲɣˣۼڵ֮壬ǲ
Ȼֻα״̬ʵµķǱ仯屾壬û̫ĲοԿԡ
ۼڵɵۣҲʵϵľ޴࣬ǰɵۼȻֻɵ۵£ΪͲܳɵۡһΣÿһ֤һҵʵʵлᣬͳ
гţʱ˵ҲǵۼΪ뱾ͬ۵½һ²Ǳ۵Ķ֣Ǿͱɱɵˡ
Ǻǣ´ˣ۲ǵۼΪ
˵սȻԷһս
ǵۼڣѵǵڣ
˵ЩЩҲЩɻѵɵۺ֮⣬еһ
ܿ뿪ˣ˵ɵɽһɵۣɽҲۼڵɵۣΪλеۼڵĸɵΪϴأ
ڣһ˵лȻνڣ˵һڣҲˣһؾ׶Ρ
δش𣬲ǲԸش𣬶ǹⲻشⷴкһţﵽ˵ڣһðķζ
ܣǵڸ֣ôܻ̽鲻ҵλá
аţЩɣ֮㷲ΨԻĶ֡
ҲǵһŵڣеΪ֮һΪһߣȻǿʵַĿһ㣬Ҳ⡣
㺦ô
Цʵ
¹ǵڵĸ֣ԻẦ£ǣԻη塣
˵˵ʵϾ˵УʵԾһС
ðɣ۵Ҳˣ̽һ£۵ǺΪ
ЦŶݳ˷죬Ƿ֮УʱȴǸ¾ȻǵۼΪôܡ
Ϊʲôأ
еǲСԷһﾹȻð̽ԼΪʲôַԼӦÿԸ֪ʶ̽顣
ǰһΪ֪֮ǰĶֻ֣ϣǰһΡ
ԭŵѾԵЩҲɿЦһΪԼһΪ
Ҳۿһ
˵Ļɣǲÿɷ񣬼ȻԷɣԼֺαؽأ
ǰɽѪ
˵ȴǲ
УһɫĵΧĿ֮УǺڰؼûĿ
˴˵ȷѾʼ̽Էķλ򣬵ƾʶֵ̽λãʶɣǾ͵òʧˡ
ߣΣ
ͷҲأָһ䣬˼Բˡ
ɽѪʧɫû뵽ԼȻԷˣԼͬĵۼڸ֣Ҳ̽Լټġ


1805 
Ȼǵ񼶸֣Ҹղûгǿ򣬺밡
ɽѪоţȻĶ֮Ľ䡣
ɽѪݼǰ
˵䣬һŮӿڣʱҲʮֵ֮ͣͬ
һݣû뵽ɽѪһɫŮòʣƺһ
ɽѪ֮ǰҲû뵽ֻ˵ӢйķǷڿԼ󣬾ȻܱʵЩ򵥡
δܿĿ⣬޼ɵĴԷֻ۾ȴ峺ޱȣϵıһ˿Ц⡣
ɵʲôϵ
ѯʵеսʧ˲٣ϾԷǾɫŮһˣڶŮɱ⡣
ǰɵ۵ЩԨԴֻ²˵ǰԵκιϵ
ɽѪ˵ϵȴ¶Щľ֣ϾԸǿĸ֣һѹ
ãԲش㣬˵һԪڣ
ƽʵ
ǰ´δ˵һԪڣµ˵Ԫɵۡ
ɽѪԥĻشᣬ֮ǰ򱶡
һҲҷɣԷǵۼڵĸֲ֣òɵŮӣԶԣȴǱӸΣգԼ⣬ֻ»ٲĵز
УܹʵΪǶԷ˵ѣһϸ΢ףھ޷۾
˵ӣ
ʵ
δ˵
ɽѪҡҡͷ֮еЩã
ѾųһԪûжٹϵģⲻǱرʦ֮ǣеɱٴ½˲١
Ůӳ֮ǰѾͣУԣҲ˵ĶԻԿǰŮӵò
˼ҲɱǰŮӿһԪȥĵûйϵûбҪ
Ѫƣ˵
ʵ۾һֱŶԷ
Ůû˵ֻãȻҡҡͷ鵹ǲ˵ѣ֮󣬿Цǰһֱڴ˵رչһֻմﵽ֮ԣ﷢ĺܶ鶼֪ǰ˵ѪƣʲôƵأΪνֵ֣
չض꣬£һľŮ
еЩпɽ֮󣬵治УǰŮӣɱɽһ⡣
ɵ۵£
ƻԭ㡣
ǣȴֲǣӼԣɽ嶼£ԣҲԳΪ¡˵ǣΪ´δκ飬µӡ
ɽѪ͵
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аȴƽޱȣֻǵȻĵͷ
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ܾʲôЦɱϣԼкܶ෽ҪԷ֡
ɽѪĻ󣬱ѾɫҰףĻвϣ
ɽѪҡҡͷû뵽ԷȻԼĺġ

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ɽѪд󾪣Ȼû̽鵽ֵĺۼǴȴѾɱˣһзʵ̫ͻȻ
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΢΢һЦԷ֮ȼգ⵹ǳ֮⣬ԭֻ̽һûǿֱԻ֮壬ɵĹҲ֮ȼա
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ѹɱɵ۵ģɵۣҲԲǿв֡츳֮ǿУʱգһɽ紳պ
ɽѪаʱѾʵǿĶ֣Ҳ˿Сơ
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Ϊβ
ɽѪʵ
㽣㾡ܹõҵİΣ
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ʲôֱӵֵҵĽ㿪ʲôЦҷĽǵ񼶵ĸ֣Ҳδظֱֵ
ɽѪͬһͷ״ɲĹ
Խѣûʲô˵ġϻô࣬ǻֱӹԹɣ
⼤
Ѱ·
ɽѪҲЩˬȻԷԼѣǾ۰ɣ
֮ƣУȻƾǽϡ
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䣡
ڿǽγɵҲѾȥ۴һǳĻۣ⻮˲֮ʧ
ܰ飬ôҲնһ۰ôܻأ
ɽѪзеôԼ۾Էı۰ϲսףȫѪֵ֮ԼĽԼĽȻԷ


1806 
⽣ƺôƾĽ㲻ܴҡ
жķΪš
ͬɵۣһ㶼ںԷĽҲûʲô𣬶ɽѪһͬûжԼκʵԵ˺
ܺãƺԽֵˣҲԵֵסۼڸֵĽ
аϲ˷黹ԶδΪԷδʹǿĽ
ɽѪЦҡҡͷɵĹâҲЩãˣԼĽҲռƣֻҪܶԷеѶȱˡ
һֵļһ
ɽѪΪƵ˵ɽţƺʱпܷ
㷢ԼģԹң㲻䣬ǾƴΪɣ
ֵ˵ǿѰ
ţһġ
ɽѪ΢΢һЦѾʧڿС
˲ƣ
аԾ裬۶ԷҪʲô⣬Լƾ֮һĳǿǶԷʩչ˲ƽʵ幥ǾöԷɣÿԼķǿʲôĳ̶ȡ
ɽѪѾ쵽ǿҵΣУһİͰֻ࣬ҪЩѶȣʱѾðշǿĹȡشԷ
ռΪϵƣܻ˶ԷôиƣҲԷ֧»䡣
˲֮ɽѪ֮ȻǱɽѪһɲǼ䣬ɽѪˡ
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ɽѪû˿ԥɽֱĺģսУһоģһԹᴩԷ壬ش֮١
ɷΧԷ̽鲻鶹ײˣɽʱһҧӲι
ۣ
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һһǿ󷴵Ӻ󱳴ɽѪҲоɴǰνˡ
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תƽĶɽѪϵǿκεϲñ˵ı顣
ɽѪеɽ֮ϣȻһ˿ѪûУƾղŵĸоɽδᴩԷ壬ʵ̫ˡ
ɽһɽѪʵǶԷȴֱӵסˣⲻò˵Ǹ漣
ôܱȷҪأĽ޷شָδأ
ɽѪкЩ־壬֪ˣԼʱͲԼԼ֮ǰаٷ֮ٵĲԼĶԼǴʱ˿̣ɽѪѾʧȥԭеǿġ
ɽѪǿĽ𣿡
˵ͬʱϵĽѾȫˡ
ɽѪ¶˿ɬЦ⣬ʶ̽鵽Ѿ˲Ȭ󣬾ӶҪˡ
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ҡҲţôǿ
ɽѪͰ͵˵֮ɢĹâκһɵۣĥµģ˭Ҳ׵ԼΪ͵䡣
ǿǿɽѪͬӵļģڸܵǿҵΣеսⲻǷΧĿвϵĴը
аǶԷʱˣǿɶԼȫҲԷ֮ﵽڣΪͨĵۼΪ֮Ҳұ֤Դܵڵĸ֡
Ȼֵʵڲ׳֣ڣɲͿԽģĵۼɵһֱͣۼڣҪڣʵ̫ˡ
ɵۣԪɵ۶ӵеڵΪɽѪἰһһֱΪɵ֮УǿľǵۼڡһЩªţԺɵöעⷽѶϢ
аϵ򶨵ͬһˮ
Ҵδ˵ģǵһǣҲ޷㣡
ɽѪ˵ڿһһš
Ҳ֪ķ״ﵽʲôĵزԣҵţ
ʵ˵ʱǲĶԷĽֻҪķҪһĴ۵ģҪʹпɲǼٵġ
ɽѪսȻеɽɢ˵ĺâһѾǰ
ɵľ룬ȴеɽ΢΢´ûԷĵΪв


1807 
ɽѪ˷Ҳð֮٣ϵս֮еķȻСΪɽѪΪûǳǿԲһҲҴ⡣
ɣҿǿжô
η˵˷ɽѪеûɱ⣬Ķ֣ԲվԭظԷĻᡣ
ãȻдҲͲˣ
ɽѪһ˿Ц⣬еɽ̧𣬺ܿ۳һ߳߳Ľǽɽȥ޼᲻ݡ
ͦͦţ֪ԷһȻǿޱȣҲη壬֪ԼĳǿӦÿԵֵԷĹ»˶ˣȴҲڱһ
ɱ
ɽѪȵʱҲ޷ˣΪֻ¸޷ƶԷ
һһֱţɽâʱܵһݵıо
˵âȻѹһֱߣֱձѹһɫ㣬ؿڴ
ȻЩֶΣ
аԾȣŶԷĽԱȸղŵһǿϣǿĹҲ֪Լܲܳɹ
ɽѪ¶һĨŵЦ⣬ԷȻûԼâĹŹ֣Ҳ̫ˣעԼһʤ
һĸоؿڴд󾪣ԷѹЩâ۵ĳɵһ㣬ȻԼٶȸʴԼǰӣҪ֪Ҳϵս׻ûɡ
֮⣬ԼؿڴƤҲѩףƤȻˣƺֲԼؿƵġ
⽣йŹ֣ѵ滹ˣ
ɻؿڴƤȻѳһСĽףԷɽδ¡
ѵһƾһ֪Ѿ˾綾һһ룬пܻᱻֱɱ
ɽѪ˵ĿĽǴҪɱԲŻڴʱ
綾ѹָо֡
΢΢һЦȻڿУؿڴȷʵĸоⲢ
ģҶκζһʩҲĳɣһ޷ɱҵ壬һС
ȻޱȣΪԷһɱԼ塣
ȻȻ޾壬Ǿ͸۰ɣģҲ֮ģ
ɽѪ˵ɽ͵ķҵ֮ɽһֱڸٵض
ôļһʹɽɽĽҲǿһǲСӰȻѾºˣǾ֧Űɣ
ҧҧʱŷɽѪ츳ҲǸǵģһпɱԼ
ɱ
һȣγǧɱ֮ɽѪһֱŴѿڣû뵽ǣһȻ޼᲻ݣԼٶȴԼ壬Ȼǵع롣
ǰɣ
ŵĵɴ˫ۣ͵֪ķǿ󵽱̬û뵽ԷֻʩֶΣȻͻԼ
ߺߣ
ɽѪϴ̿Ц⣬ѾһȻܸоһѾᴩ˶Է塣
ͬʱǰɫâȻԼܶɽٶȿʼ
ǻĽ࣡
ʱŸоҵʹڶԷɽ£Լԭǿ徹Ȼʧȥԭеķǰɫâ֮Լͬǧٿһ㣬ȻɽѸٵĴ롣
ɽѪɽ֮ɢϸСЩͬʱ淢ɢǲС
ۼ׶̴ͬʱڲķǰǿԣϸСĽٶٻ塣
ǿסؿڵѪֱӽѪ˶ӣԼؿ󱳴Ѿ¶˽ɫѪҺ
ɽѪЦɲǼ̣ؿĽɫѪҺɽѪԼ۾
ɫѪҺǣԷһˣôпɫѪҺأ
ɽѪһʱ֮Ҳ벻ףȻʱȻսУɽѪҲûʱ룬ֵâһһɽС
崫ʹԼ츳죬ԷһɱԼ壬ȻγԷɽʱɽγɵвСࡣ
ɽѪ΢΢һɽİâѾ֮ϣ֮ǸΪһ
̫ײ˰ɣ
ɿ˵ڶԷɽ֮ǰֱѾ塣
ôܣ
ɽѪɽͣ˿УΪֱѾ壬ɽѪҲо˼顣
ΪɽѪĶ̫Եò۵Ľϴ壬츳Ȼһ߱ģˣɽѪŻ൱ĳԾ
ɽѪֽٴӿ֣һǳնȥɽѪͷ­ҲˣǾζ屻ɱ
һɱ壬ɽѪΪԼ޷Ը֮壬ԣɽѪû˿ԥǰâѾĲ䣬֮ǿĽ
Ҳ룬ٴʩչ֮ͷ­˲뿪ɽѪĽٴա

ɽѪ˷ܵķЦûͷ­壬ΪѾɱȻֵɽҪʱȴһǿ
ǿԵۼ˵ĹΪɽѪʩչ˶ԲĽڣԲʲôٲɽѪء
ɽѪʼʩ壬ѳΣɽѪڼŽ
ɽѪԼѾʤȯգϾԷѾķѣӦζѾɱ
֮ҲˣѾɱƾ֮壬ҲҵĶְɣʱ䣬ҲͲΪˡ
ɽѪ˷ܵЩ죬Цݵ˵
ɽѪˣҵ岢δɱҪҵ֮ΣֶλԶԶ
ɫ˵ȴǴ˷ɽѪаû뵽廹δɱ
ߣ
ɽѪߵеɽͻȻһĺɽ֮ϴı֮˲䶳סͷ塣
ɽѪֶεǲֻмˡ
аԼ츳ڶԷʹŹֽͬʱͷ˲仯ΪƬɽѪҲΪ֮һ㶣ֲô¡
ͷ­ζɱ۵
ɽѪ˵һȻֱͷ­ȥ˫ɽͬʱնͷ­
ʱɲԴ̽ͷ­ҲȫˣǣɽѪĽնʱͷ­ѾȫʧڿС
ɽѪд󾪣ʱֽĿ궨λϣɽѪʩչȫ嶼ʧڿС
ôܣ
ɽѪ˿УԺһƬհףô벻ΰ쵽ġ
ȫ壬е츳֮һˣɽѪо޴ʹÿһն޾УӰӶûն
ɲ˿⣬屾ð֮٣һԷԼĳһֺ룬ʹԼԻָ壬ɱϾԼΪɼӰ졣
ɽѪ츳֮ˣһʱ֮䵹û뵽ڴʱѾڲԶɣڿУɽѪһ
֮֮ǰܵҲѾȬɽѪĶҲδǳ֮ЧǿˣʱУ㹻ȫĻָ
һڿУʱ֪ԼҲܵģǶԷ鲻㣬ֻԼղŻϴ
ƾԷĶǿǻ˵ڵĸ֣ǾԲƾԷĽΪζѰ·
Ȼһ̽ҲδջڣһΣԲöԷɵʩչԼǿȻЧ
ɽѪ㶵ãջ¶һĨЦѾɽѪһ¶ЦΪԼĶֻ治öԸ
δأ
ɽѪ˼У֮кһƣ¶Ц⣬ǶԷٴν壬ֻҪԼ˶Էһ壬ȻôԷҲֻʣ²ȱ壬Ҳζʵĵˡ
Ҳò츳ˣ츳Ͼ츳ΪҪġţһġ
ɽѪŵ˵
ôҸղһƾ㹥㵱Ȼ㹥ʱҲأΪԵҷĽ𣿡
ȻЦ˷ʱɽѪ˼֮С
֮ǰһֱδ֣⵹ɽѪ˼ά˹̻ģʽΪֻأûйԣʱѺɽѪд󾪣ԶԷ츳ĽҲȻȥ
ȻռΪϵƣɽѪȴԼ֪֮ȽһǾȫһȼġ
Ҳۼɵ۵ĹԼǵۼڵɵ۳֣ƾǿɾԵˣοԷӵгǿ츳Ӧñһĵۼɵֻǿ
ɽѪͷһϵսףսǿҲԵͬɵ۵ĹԶԷΪ㹥ǿҲδؿԹԼս׷ɣ
˵棬ɣսɣ
ɽѪȵ˫ֵɽͬʱָվսʤĵǾʵ
ս
һӣһͨɫɽҲУֵ֮ն콣ͬʹ˫ɽ
ɽѪ΢Уû뵽ԷҲʹ˫ֽ֮ˣ˷Ǽȫս⣬һ˫ɽͬʱ
ĺã
һʱǲѡӲ˫ֳ
˫ٹ£дıһ֮ɽѪ岻˷ɽѪĽʮɡ
ǿǿ
ںԷˣٴκųǰʼԷƴ
һɽѪ»ϾΪƣȻԷұƴԼֺξ֮УսļԼԷʵֻԽԽ
֮ɽѪͻȻֶԷĽȻԽԽǿ󣬵ȻʩչϢĽĽʵڷͬСɣɽѪҲòСĶԷ
һߵĽСÿһҲͱɣڱ˺ԶɽѪĽȻռƣȴɱվ


1808 ͬչ
˵ıƴǶɽѪʵȴСԷʵĽݾ
һ˵츳ǾսҲѸٵһսζԽսԽ£һʼڱɱľ£Ǳռżơ
ɽѪǲ֪츳ˣͼɽԽԽ죬ηĽս
ӳǴУΪ岻ϵıˣڿеĽǿһսֱذƺա
ʾɽѪԽսԽģӷĽΪڲúԼγɽǿơ
ɽѪϵıʵγǹ¶˫ȻսΣȻɽѪռΪԵơ
˵ĽҪ˺ΧĿռ䣬һսǾ춯أɽɽڲסĲɽѪõĽͱ˵Ľ˺÷顣
츳Ѿӵ£ƾɵڵΪɽѪսƾ֮ƣɽѪԽսԽľ֪츳ǿǾԲԼ
սѾʼǱֳһʤ򣬺ԶӮɽѪûʹڱ߱ͨͨʱ򣬵ƾƴγˡ
ԣڽǴƵģ˵Ľ޼ҲռƣϾԷӵеۼڵΪ֮ҲǺڵģԣ취ĶԷҪһٻʤǾ̫ʵˡ
ʱȥˣ˵սȻʾף˫ǽͬȫѵһ㣬ϵɽ֮ԾսӦĶǿÿƬ̣Ὣһ֣ڲúɽѪĽƺҲͬ
ȻɽѪԣǾ̫ˣսлĵٶҲ̫ˣǲϸΪɽѪֻΪǸСĽ֮ˣԣȻɽѪ˼
ɽѪ֮ƴɱĿԲˣǾΪɽѪռݸƣҲ˵ձɽѪ󣬻ռݸǿơ
һԣΪԽǿ󣬶ĿƱԽǿսĵҲ࣬ǵۼڵΪɽѪǵۼڵΪһɽѪٶӦϲ١
ΪˣɽѪʮ㣬ǽͽҲСģΨĻɣսͬʱڳĽԽԽˣԭҲˡ
дǵۼڵΪֻӵеۼڵΪսĶ֣ʲôõģЩŭĺ޷ҲԷϷڳһ̬ʱǿ
ǲܹ˭ֻܹԼ̫Դҵս㱾ԲӵģҲԲɱ⡣
ɽѪЦеԽԽˣսȥԼĺôʵ̫ˣʱԼԾΪܶԷһʤԷⱲӶԼ
ߣϻ˵ǲǻûֳʤ𣿾ռһƣҲûʲôõġţҾԲġ
˵ȴڰЦѡ
ںɽ֮УɽͱɽѪ˽ƣˣɽѪڲ½Ҳĵۼִ룬ҲģɽѪ赣ˡ
һս죬ҹ죬ҹ棬˻޷ֳʤǿķ㱻ԷĽУҲγɲ̫Σɽѧս׷ҲʮǿÿµĽôܹɽѪķأ
оһսȻЩϷñԼƵģڵϵģȴֳϵĲ䣬ڵٶҲ֮࣬ڵȻ⵹Щ֮ˡ
ԭΪԼ츳ֻǻήٶȣ˭֪ΪﵽۼںԼһ츳·ˣȻǿҲ˵ɽѪһսΪкôҲԲڣĹЧȴΪԣͬ˸ķ
ȻˣǾ͵һսˣһչؾǰ꣬ǧֻ꣬꣬Ҫսһʱ䣬ʱҪ೤ҶûʲôһԷ͵ۼڣʱͲԼĶˡ
мƻѾɽѪĽϽڵҲԾϲĪ
ʮ֮󣬶˵սȫѾһ磬ۼڵĽ磬ĽɵķܶûҪɽѪҲѧΪϻֳսµƣŭ
ٴνͽȴһЦɽѪ΢Цĺ󳷣Ȼֹͣ˽ƵµҲÿˣҿɲʧɱ㡣
ɽѪЦʮֲãʱѾʵأ϶Ѿ½ۼңɽѪʵ򻹱ڵۼϣɽѪ̶Ľ
ɣһȻȵĶŶԷҲûаմңΪʲôҪͶأܵ˵ɣ


1809 ޼᲻
δȴҲû뵽Щ죬ֻϷѡѵΪƾҵۼڵΪĻ½ô֪Ҳ׾ˣĵԶʤңˣʵԲҵĶ֡ҪԽɱ㣬Ѿʲôˡ
ɽѪϲĽ͵
ԭ׼ȥģԷˣǹŭˣһʵҲҵ츳ڴʱ㣡
ಣ
һָֻ˵ۼɵˮ׼ɽѪҲ¶֮ɫȴͬһɵĽŭżϡ
ɽѪЦĸˣԷʹȫϲһȻˣԼֺαļֻҪһ֣ǣԼö֣ԷҲԲǶ֡
ѵûпǹһֵĺܴȴ˾޴Ĵ󡣿һеĸԴΪ̫Ըˡ
ɽѪԸ츳֮ˣм᲻Ըģ෴츳֮˻ֵʮǫ飬˾̫ˡ
ֹ죬ɽѪĵ׶ЦԷʱĽۼڵĽ磬һΣԷӦòؽһ˵ˣôǶԷ֮ʱ
һжýˣ㻹ɣһɱ㡣
ɽѪ֣˵⵹ڿЦΪʤƺֻɱһ;򣬶Էô䡣
ɽѪ̫Ըˡƾһ仰Ҿ䣬㽫̫ųˡ
ЦһҲͬɽѪȰ
˭̫Ըأ˵Ļ̫ЦˡӵеۼΪб³ŹȥúɣͨˣǾͿͶ
ɽѪ̾ʱ̫Ը
ʲô˼ѵһֱʵսôãĿĽΪҵǣҵĵʱҲһ𣿼Ȼˣƾʲô䣿
װɵ
һЩȷʵһֱʵ㻹װɣ㵽˵ۼΪᷢսУĵٶȻڵۼĵҪࡣ£ó˰ɣ
ɽѪЦȻĿŵ٩֮⡣
ԭˡǣƾ˼ôƭĹأ
صһЦ˿ľ֮ɫ⵹ɽѪаԳԾԷ֪ԼʵȴһҲںĪʲôı
ɽѪʶΧ̽һûз˵ĴڼвɷԷ㻹ɱﵣȴҲԼκεвϾĵ̫˳£Լռżơ
ǣԷƾʲô޿أɽѪһʱ֮䵹Щ벻ͨΪڵۼֵս£ΪҪģģ̫ǿķҲ޼¡
ðɣ㻹ʲô֣ʹɣҪķڷ
ɽѪ룬΢Ц˵
Ȼǽ
ŵ˵ԷĵҲԲ٣ԼĽʱӦÿռһˣܹƶԷս׷ʱ򣬽пɱ壬һԼϣӮⳡս
Ŷ
ɽѪЦЩŹ֣û뵽սⶼˣĽֺԼ˿вûʶС
ʱɽѪͻȻǣվԭؾͬһսһ㣬ϳŵЦ⣬ͬڿһͷ
ͬƵģȫһеɽѾʧӰ٣ֵɽ΢΢𣬽ֱָɽѪ
ɽѪξ֮У˫ֵɽͬʱʱһĽ͵ĳɽѪĽ֮̽١
üëûһ£ƾǵֱֵһεֵǲ¶һĨŵЦ⣬ԷּĽԼǿֱӡ
ɽѪ΢΢˫ۣԸ̾ı̬аԹľһ
ǷֳʤʱˣǿҲ޷ȫĽ
ɽѪһһѾ׼
δشɽͲڶԷʱڹһ
ɽѪֻһεĽסԼĽ⽣ƺףһӴȴǴľˡ
ôܣ
ɽѪֻһ޷ĴǰԼղŷĽȻȫԷĽݻˣˣԼٶȹԼ
һʱ£ɽѪʣĽɽѪһҵײɽѪͬɳ㱻ɳȥ˳֮ң
ɽѪоսƺˣӲ֮£ؿڵս׾ȻһĻۣ۲ǳһ㣬ֻ¾ҪӴԼƤˡ
ĽôҪǿ⵽ô£
ɽѪеľԱԷһʵ̫ˣǶԷһֱĽԼҪԷĽʵЩǿˡ
ಣ
ʧ˿УɽѪҴ⣬ʹʶΧ֣ʮֵ𾪣û뵽Էʹ˵Ĳ׽


1810 յı
֮ǰ̽һۼڸ֣Ҳδ̽ʱʹɶɽѪżǿѹ
ɽѪͻȻ򲢷ǰԼԸչԷĽ˿ԼԼĽ޷ƶԷһз̫ͻȻˣɽѪһʱ֮Խܡ
ɽѪ̽һȴӰӶûз֣Ѿ뿪˴˵أǣɽѪ֪Էһڸʱ׼صĹ
ɽѪ׼ԷӦԷϮʱо󷽴֮УĿʮֵԣȴӲɽѪʶ̽顣
ܺãԭҪ͵ϮңҾͽƾͼơ
ɽѪаװ޷ֵģʵȴǰԾ裬һԷԼķȡһشԷ
ڿУѾֶԷԼĻӰƭˣ֪һϮҪ޷ƶԷս׷ǿɾԴܶԷˡ
ಣ
ɽѪĿԽˣһâԼٶȴɽѪʱɽѪ׼һֱһһǡôĵסͻϮĽɽѪһͬʱնɽ֮ĻӰϡ
ڴʱһǿɽѪľĽʱɽѪ֪ԼϵˣǱ˲ܣһѾ̫ˡ
Ľ֮նɽѪһ¡죬ɽѪֻ嶼챻ˣͷһ𣬵һѪ
ͬʱɽѪ屻ɳȥһɾҵʹɽѪĺ󱳴ڶԷһ񹥻£ս׾ȻնƣǿֲĽѾ֮Уս׵ĵֵãԷһγɸΪֲЧ
ɽѪʱԼжôЦ˶Է֮Уû뵽ԷȻһֱʵھôõս󣬽ʵ̫ˡ
ڱɵͬʱɽѪٴʧȥӰ٣ɽѪ鲻ԽļгţǱɫɽͻȻڿУʱɽѪֻܷӽֵ
¡
ʩչĽԽǿɽѪĽûȫֵסĽǣĽɽѪս֮ϡ
ɽѪҽһԷĽȻսѵĵطһնɽѪܸо类˺ˣָоʹ顣
ಣ
ɽѪп־ˣһе˲룬γɽһʱֳΡ
һҰ׵ɽѪȥԵǱϵսѾһĺۼǵۼһƬʺ죬ڳνɽѪ弸նΪء
ಣ
ôõĻᣬǲڴʱֹͣϾԷΪҪǿԼһֹͣҲ⣬ԣʤ׷һɱ˶Է壬ǶԷǿ֮壬Ҳ޼¡
ɽѪʱѾ֮ͬ񣬼ٴ˲ƣֵļһԷס
ذ
ӿдջõķδôùʱÿԼĹ
ذɽѪķ֮ʱҲûԤϵɽѪķԷȻͬ㱻пˡ
ǰһֱΪذķ̶ԶԶɽû뵽֮ذȻǿ˵زһɽѪٴοѪ
ಣ
ɽѪʮεѡ˲ܣΪĽʵ̫ǿɽѪֻʹҪȵһ޸ܵơ
ǣɽѪܿͷԼַ˴ΪԼںδԷ߶׼ȷȻɱ⣬ȴɽѪһ󷢺
һսȻֻһݶԼȴڶһˣ˵졣ԭɽѪһ֪սĽ˿ֲ֪ɽѪһٸҲ
ɽѪֶˣڴ֮ǱͻȻڿУһΣɽѪûôõˣһ֮ɽѪϵս˲ķѣȻһսƬը
Ҳ˿Уеذ֮ϵĹâѾذγɵĽԼ𾪲ѣû뵽ԼɽѪս׵һλսȴȫըѿذǿЧ
ԭذȻ𷨱ǰĿˣɽ磬ҲǺ֮
ذųһĨЦ⡣
ɽѪδӿϵսѾȫ𣬶Ҳһ˺ۣʱеۼڵΪĽʱȴм֮ûС
ô
ɽѪɫҰ׵ĺѪɫʱѾûлʤˣֻҪԷǾõĽˡ
͵ġ
΢΢һЦһιпɱɽѪ
ۼڵɵۣ֮ǰĽѾ̫ʱʧս׵ıӻˣĵۼͬ޷赲Ľ
һĵۼ֣ʵޣҪǼǲܵģڶû˭Լ
ɽѪһҧּһսף֮£ս׵ķЧԶˣȴʤޡ
ұذɡ
ɽѪ֪ԷҲԵֵĽʧ£ԼҲǿķɣעһĽ
ǿĽõķɽѪʱֻܼϣԹأЩʤϣ
Ͳ͸ɽѪ˼ʱذ֣һҲ޾ԷĽ
ಣ
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ȻϣʼʩˡһΣԸ
аһӣһǽѾƾնܿ죬ǵǽѾΧסɽѪҲüͷ΢壬ȻǾĻϵöԸ
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ƣ
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ȴ޷ǰɫĹ㣬ֻĿЩ㽫вɰԸ̾ǶԷһʼʹֻԼҪС
ҪʹýҾͲᣡ
а˲ڿɽѪӶҪɳˣû뵽ȻҲ߱ۼڸֵʵϣⲻʹ
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ಣ
Ϊ˷ͻϮɽѪҲʹ˵ۼڸֵĶڿһһţͬʧ˳֣ʧǵۼڱ־Եĳʽ
룬һӣΧĻͻȻȫʧˣһ˲䣬ЩѾɽѪΧɽѪҲһû뵽ԷĻȻҲ˲ơ
ڻΧ֮УɽѪЩŭˣʹȫͻΧ
һˮ֮ļҽ棬ɽѪƾ˰ΧȦҲֻ¶ЦƴԷ治֮֮£֮ǰ˲ȴδĵ
ҵĻҲȫƣֻҪܶԷǾ͵ľ޴ĻԶԣ븶СĴۡ
˵ձ仰治Ǻ޵ġҵ츳ѾΪǿֻҪԽǾһЦһսһδЦ󡣡
аʱ治ԷӲƴԼ޶ٺô
ҵ޼ռƵġһԽȫĵпܻԶʧȥ츳磬ƽ֣Σ
ɽѪ˵ʱлûеףѾϣܶԷˣ伴ɣǾζŶԼЧĽԼǿԽܵġ
ЦЦǶԷ飬ҲԼ˫սƽֻʱǲ޷ƳԷˮϵȻѡӲƴνɱһǧ˰٣ʹķȡʤ
ɽѪεս㷢ģʱͽܣδ̫ˡΪƳֻһ·ƫš
˵üͷ΢壬ͻȻ⡣
ಣ
ΧŻ棬ֱɽѪȥɽѪһǿˮϵ򲻶ݡ
ɽѪ£ǳɫˮ֮УʱɽѪЦһӲƴԼֺξ֮С
ǣɽѪܿ㾪ȵ˵û뵽ԼˮϵȻ˿һ㣬ټһˮȻڿжˡ

ʹԸԷɫˮǶ֢ҩһЩˮ׷ױˣɽѪҪڻЩˮȴһʱ֮԰쵽ġ
ʮϢ֮ɽѪˮ֮УЩˮʵ󣬽ɽѪȫΧɽѪʮΣһ뵽ԼѾˣǶԷˮ֮⣬Ҳ˵ԷʱҲ޷вԼ塣
׼û潫Щ𣿡
ɽѪЦЦȻϥ׼һ޸ƣһ߻ָĵ
֪һԼˮ֮УԷһܣԣʹɽѪʲôķʽǾֻ취ˡ
ذЩ᲻ΪǧƬһʱ֮Ҳ޷ֱʹɣ
룬ǾòգԷҲ˲Щ޴ıԷҲп˲ڵֻǿܻĲ
ɽѪģȻҽ֮Уа취Ը㡣ڻл䣬һСɱ㣬ǿɾͲҪĺˡ
Ц˵ⷬ˵ǴɽѪ޴ѹΪⳡĴУɽѪΪԷ̫ƻˣˣԼҲξء
ɽѪĬţ䣬ǲܵģһ䣬Ǿ൱ڽ˶ԷԷкУҲδؿɱԼ塣
ಣ
һӣ֮Уʵս֮ǰͿʹ÷죬ɾԲģڹؼʱ̣Ҫɽ
Ҫʲôʲô
ɽѪ˼ɰԲ²š


1811 ޾а
˷֮У˲ûһɫɽ״֮ɣ֮ϴɽѪвɽѰһƶˡ
ಣ
ԼٶȳǱȥûκεֱӱ˱ķɽѪɽն죬ԷǿɽѪĹڿвһ£͵ĳɽѪ
ķٳɽѪ׼ȴҲ赲ֻǰâһ۴㴫һɾҵʹжʱ͵һԷȻѾնԼۡ
ڿУվ˷֮ϣһѪֱۣһĨаȵЦ⣬ڶԷ½£ʹ÷㼸޵еĴڣһն¶ԷֱۣǾӵ㹻ʵɱԷ
ɽѪۼΪʵ֮£ԣҵ뽫ɱڣҸһúÿǣ䣬ҽֹͣ㻹սǾݹˡ
˵֮ⷬ
ɽѪ͵һֵɽڲľԸ⿴֮£ʵȴΣԷ߱ɱԼķԼڵʵҪɱԷһϣûС
䣿ս
ɽѪֻһʹľᣬǴʱ䣬ȻԱס壬ȴҪӶԼǲ䣬ԼпܱԷȫɱ
һᣬɽѪǲ԰׵ڻָЩѪɫڿڵлؽɽѪδκȥûУҲУС㾡ʩֶΰɣĽ£Ҳһüͷ
ԣҡҡͷȻԷѾ˾ԼҲûҪȰ棬ȻһԼҲֻгȫĸ֣ʧȥ壬ӰҲֿܴ꣬塣
ɱҵ壬Ҳ䡣ɵۺڵ֮壬аնԸ𣿴ˣͬھ
ɽѪҧ˵͸¶һִַš
ҡҡͷԭɽѪӡ󻹲һսĹУֲӡ»һʼʩչֶβνɣԼ츳һ㣬ȻֶΡ
䣬ͬھ뷨Щ̫ˣҪ֪ԼµģĿĲǵΪӮˣŶµĶԼ
οΪԼӵеΪͬʱǱ΢̬ʱγĶԱȣ֮ʱѾЩɽѪˣҲͳһϺŵƤҶѡ
ۼڣʵסԸһУ֮Ա˸𣿡
Щ˵еЩš
ߣȰӮҵ֮壬ҪôΪβͬھأǣڳһսƽ֡
ɽѪЩŭ˵ɱӿ⵹еͬҲʧ١
ɽѪ䣬ΪῴǶԼҲߣҪκ飬ɴʱȴЩͬȻԷɱ⣬Լֺαض
ƽ֣ǲܵģѾһ룬һȥĸҡðɣʩչ֮ԱҲˣֻҪԸ
ǲѡԱ
Цӡ
ɽѪŭͻȻһֵķһɺâУܿ죬˶ںâ֮С
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㱾ȼ֮壬ҲԲ㡣
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ãȼ֮壬ʵָ̻ҳɱӣҵʵδػĶ֡
аһ˷֮УʱŸо˰ȫС
ɽѪԽŤˣ֮ȻͬһƵģһĿɲ̫ˣга񣬻а
ɽѪ־ʮֵѪȣѵıĿ֮ǰĽǱ󣿡
д󾪣оԼͬһΣֱʱηѡ
ȥɣ
ɽѪ͵һնжʱѪȵϢѪɫâɽѪгЩѪɫâɽȶˡ
Ͻջ˺ڰؼʱ򣬾Ȼ޷̽Էټаз죬Լ治֪ζԸһȼ֮ĵۼڷӡ
ɽѪһЦָֻɳƣɲǿеѪɫâȻȫӿ˷죬ʱд󾪣ֻһаϢ˷֮УҲǰͬȻٵĲţƺЩѪɫâް취
һξ÷޷Ƶ쳣ܿ죬֮ϵĽɫâȻѪɫâѹˣ춼ѪһƬҪƷʱͻȻоһɿֲӷڲΣյʱ䣬һץסӡ
һХķӰӷ֮бЩһȫɴ壬֮ƯڿС
ʹȫסӣʱѾ벻̫ˣˣ治ҷȥȣΪУ˶һҪ


1812 ĵ

ɽѪϵĺâѾֹסһǿޱȵѪϢɲ˱ײķǣɱ¾ֱ̫Ӵˡ
ɽѪĿЦһ֣һ״ֵĺɫƿӱУһֻȴýƣڳ˶ڽ֮С
Ļסӵ壬Ŀ˵屻𣬶ǷѾΪѪ֮ɫоʮֵʹ
ʱȴѪɫâȾˣһʱ֮仹治֪ô֮ϵۻࡣ
ϧ˱۵ľУȻûɱ㣡
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ҡҡͷӷˣʱ򣬻ЩɽѪĵϸԭһŮӣʱȴһĿţʵ̫ˡ
СģǸƭӣһֱƭ㣡
Ŀ˶˵ս̣ʱҲѾӦǸɽѪǺˣԱ֮Ϊħ
˶ܵɽеѪζ˵Ѫζ˵ɽѪһϢаҲ֤ˣɱĶħ
Ѫƣǵһı
ʱ벻ǾЩˣЩ£˿ֲа֣ԼȴøУһɴ
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ѾɽѪǲǵۼڵΪˣΪڱƭ֮󣬸оһжˣۿ飬Ҳһġ
Ҳ𾪲ѣԼмƣҲֵĺãʱ˿̣ûܱҵ³ΨһĲýǷ챻ԷѪɫâʴˡ
ڷ죬ӿ֪ⷨ죬ȴɽѪʹֶηˣɸ˵ɽѪǿ
֮䣬еϱͻȻ˳ȥȻɵɽѪļϣ˲ʱ䣬ɽѪһֻ֣ϾȻжֻ֣֣Ѿֻ֡
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ΪҲɱ¾ȴаѪҺҲ֮ˣ֮£ԷֶθΪѪȡ
֮ڿγ˽âһƬЩ˵֮嵹ǰȻǼȲҿɽѪҲҿ
ʱĵĻǷ죬֮ٻأȴƺʧȥԭеԣôԭľ
ȻĶԷõ죬ΪķԷ޷֮Ѫģһ㣬ѾҲ˲ˡ
ɽѪȻΪǿֺα¶ԼأѵиûԼһ£
һ򶨵ʵ
ٺ٣ģǱ۵İðˣСӵ츳ǳ۵Ԥ֮⣬ϧΪ츳̫ǿˣԣ۾Բϡ
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Աֿڣ뱬һΣӣȥģ
ĴŭԼ˵ɵӵϷɽѪ̫ү϶ôѰ·
Сӣ츳ѾԳˣǿķҲѾ۷ˣԱ۵ΪҪɱ㣬Ͳ£㻹ûоѾж𣿡
ɽѪЦͬһͷ
ңӣеڵΪ
ӼȻԷʱ˿ǾͲѲ³Ϊˣһڵۼ֮ϡ
д󾪣ʱͻȻֳİɫߵ㣬ⲻɽѪ֮ǰĶı־
ӣأʧȥǲѷɣ
ɽѪ֪ķӵд͸ƵĹܣ˷Ƚ죬ҲͶ·

ʱŸоԣһСģԼʦпܽ
գ
ŭлʮֵİΣһԪܳһ츳ĵӣǲ֪ǶĸݣڴˣǶһԪھ޷ʧ
ɸ⣬Ϊͬӣ˵أ
ʱĵĵΣӵİΣԼʧȥ˷죬ʲôأ
жʱϵİɫߵͻȻȫʧˣʱͻȻо·ֻԼ壬һϵƤȻѪۡ
ɫѪҺӦúܺúȰɣ
ɽѪЦеŽɫѪҺĴš
ʧɫʱ򣬳˸о屻ʴʹ⣬µԼ徹ȻصԸУ޷ڿ
ʱƣԣĸоԽԽԣĶͷϳ˶ĺΣһԵд󾪣׼ס


1813 ֮
Ҫң
鼱֮½еΨǰɫİߵ㴫Ⱦӡ
ε֣һĽű飬аղѣʱȴָоʵ̫ʹˣԼΪ˺ô׸
Ҫżʱữһ߰׹ǣ߰׹Ȼ߱ķǷ츳ʱ򣬱Ҳῼռ塣
ɽѪ߸ϵ˵ӣһѴγڿУɽѪϣҡҡλΣæĵΪһ߰׹ǡ

ʹļףʱֲ֪õǺãͷ˲١
ʦģҵӲģҪԶɱңǲܵġ
Ȱο
˵Ҳһ£۾͵ţνⶾףﾹȻʦۻǺܾȰ֪ɱʦ᲻ͶأͶ۾Ϳֱռ壬öۡ
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һԲеɽѾ׼˸ʱ򣬾ҲԲԼΪвĳ롣
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аֻһɾϮؿڣԷȭͷȻѪһƬȭͷʱЩɫߵ㾹ȻͬʱؿȥγһȭͷСİɫߵ㡣
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ۻĹ̺һɽϹâӿͻȻĻ潣ֱնɽѪ˫צ

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׼ȡɽȴֶԷĵȭãҶԷȭͷѾѪһƬȭͷϵһȭԳǰĶȭ֮
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˹һ̩ɽںëҲʱϣ̩ɽںëҵ˼𣿡
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̩ɽһɽɣëë˼˼Ͷ·£֪ɣȴһĲֵ˼ɣ
ɽѪ˵Ѿ³Լʲô飬ܾ԰ɣ
ҲһĿ껹δɣˣʵ̫źܰĿ꣬޺Ҳ
֪ԷѾмƣǼ˵һģһҲϷ
ţ֮ҲơҲʮ֮ˣԵķϣۿԿǰ㡣أҲùԱ˳ȥ¡ɣͿûгˡ
ɽѪٺЦҲĳЩԼĳŵˡ
⣬ӵ㹻ĳ⡣ԸԣԸ⽫һж׸㣬ʣӵɵļ𣿡
˵˵ţһת
ɼܣȻӵУҪɵۼڵ֮壬̫ˣۻδɹۼ֮˵֮塣
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ȻɽѪܵĿϵ飬ԷɲɵӣԼֵܱ̫ˣһҪԼ˵ЧͲ˲һ㡣
֪벻ӵǿɼأ
˵
СӵʲôĿģʲô˵ɣ
ɽѪЦΪѾռƣ۶ԷʹʲôĹƣܶԼصĺ
һίУĴɱɵۣһΣڴˣǾͲɵµˣҴźҲη壬ҿʼҾϵһ١ϣܰ飬Ȼһ޴Ļر
Ȼ˵һӢ̣޷Եźϵֵ쾡¡
ɽѪãûп˿ο˵ļޣɱɵۣɲһС¡
ɵҵ׵ܵܣôܻɱأߣҵΪôɵ۵Ķ֡Ҳܻȫ츳һпܴɵۡ
ɽѪ˼ȴüͷϾκһ˶̫ѡ
̫ˡɵۿɽһۣʵʮǿҪɱֱǲɵ񣬸οǱ۵ܵܣΪɱ׵ܵܣҲ̫ˡ
ɽѪɵûдӦҲûһڻؾϣƭȫ츳ɱɵۣɽѪ붼û롣
ȻˣҾֻܴźˣðɣռҵɣǾʧȥԵ壬ûʲôֵռеġ޷ɱɵۣԸһյԡ
ݵ˵Ȼ㱣˳Ĭ
ɽѪĿǺȫ츳ʱ˵ˣеЩżˣɱɵķ飬ϴӦһôأҪǣɽѪ츳Σǿķ
ѾɽѪʱƣɼɽѪҲ޷ȫӳǿЧܻȫ츳ǾͲһˡ
ãɽѪΪǿ츳ԼӦÿʵɵۣпܴɵۡ
޷Ըֻǣ̫ˣܸıһҿ԰ɡ
ɽѪ˵
ôı䣿
Ц֪ԷѾмơ
ɱɵۣ̫ˣҲ֪һȫ츳Ҳδؿɱᷴɱߣҵ׵ܵܣҪ߱ܣϺɱΪܣҵǿһԡΣ


1814 ɫ
ɽѪһ˵ȴ˷ܵĹâ
ܣ⡭ɵȻʹһҧã͸ΪίУɵۣҲһοˣֻ׷ôࡣ
ܺãģȫ츳һɵۡ
ɽѪЦ
ǾһҪ㲻Ӧõҵκ츳
ͻȻ˵ɽѪһ㶣ЦãһҴӦ㣡
㽫ˮȱڣҵ֮룬ȻȽ֮֮οƷѧ֮󣬿Խҵ֮ˣһȡҵȫ䣬Ҳӵҵȫ츳ϧһۿҪﵽۼΪˣȴҪڴ˵أǱ֮֮
˵ǱݵɽѪҲΪ֮һȻĶֻʱģɽѪһ뵽ȡȫ츳ĺôҪ˷ܵĽг
ãҴˮȱڣ֮ɽסˣʲôıΪ㹻ʵ֮塣
ɽѪٺЦ˷ܲѡ
ɽѪѾһУҵ֮ʲôҪģֻ˵ͷˡ
ε˵
֮
ɽѪٺһЦ´һȱڣƾ֮˽֮ȥҲڿУκζĶ
֪ɽѪĻ򵥣ϴ֣ʵϻǶԼмӣһԼжԷԲưոݡ
ǣֻܸıԭмƻпɲ屻ɽѪƻˣʧԼɳܲ
Сӣڿ˵ɵؾ˰ɣ
ɽѪ֮壬¶˷ܵĹâ
õģֻǣҵƾ֮壬ҲɹյɹһɹżĲ졣ѧɹҪСʼѧϰ֮壬ÿԳΪ󡣡
ԳϿҵ˵
ɽѪһ㶣ϸ룬Է˵Ļеƾһ֮壬ʧȥ֧֣ҪȷʵЩ˼
Ϊ˵õɹɽѪûѡأֻðգ룬ǵͷã֮ͽ֮Уסǧӳȥ֮һΣڶΣһ۷ˣУǱĽ׽ȡۻֱӽɱˡ
áĺˣ֪ô
̾
ȥɣ
ɽѪķԼɽȷ֮֮УҲԼû̫в
ʱɽѪһסͻȻϮԼȻֻȫ֮߶ѣɽѪη
ಣ
֮Ķ֮УܿͷǰɫߵֻԼؿڴ֪ɽѪܿԼһҪԭ
֮λԭ˵ѸٵĿʼ޸һĹϵѾȬ
ڣʾˡ
ɽѪһУ֮㱻ˮ֮С
ͷоеĺ仹ڣжʱ˲٣ʱķɽѪУЩŭϾԴӽɽ֮Ǳӣʮټġ
ǶУֻԷһս
룬ǾһƴǴʱͶУɻʧȥԼӵеЩ֮һƴҲδһ䡣
ɽѪ˵ڸı뷨ˣҾûһս֮ĴңҲŻ
΢΢Ц˻һɽѪʱȻŭ
㾹Ȼ˵̫ñʧˣΪĻлܱڣٸĻᣬִԲǱĽɱ
ɽѪҧеѪɫâԽŨƺʱʧض֡
ƣթƭ㣬ֻܹ̫޴ˡ㲻ҪΪʵĴӦҵҾͲ֪дʲô⡣ˣɼĶˡҽȫ츳㣬ҲѭҵĻðɣҳҲʲôˣҲǣǾսɣ˭ʵǿ˭ǶԵġ
ָֻǰƣԵڵĸ֣Ҳ˿塣
֮ǰ֮ɽѪĵĻǶԷǵڵĸ֣˫Ϊ̫ˣԷֶǴҪԭ
ܽԣбʧԭڣʹ屾壬˵ʵཫСңҲСĶԴǿĵˡ
ãȻҪķڷǱ۾һѿʧܣҪӦۣٴαܺ󣬹ԹĽ츳ڣΣ
ɽѪ˵еûУžһΣʤĻԼ
ôܻӦأһΣҰˣһߡҪõ츳ǿ壬صֻˣǺǣҪ̫գֻܹ̫̰ˣҲ㹻ġ
ǺЦһҲԷŭɽѪ֮е˲٣Ϊʱ򣬳ѿ֮Ҳˬĸо
𣡡
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ɶ񣬿ڳԣһ㳦Ӷ࣬עҪźˣΪûлܣûɱɵˡ
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Ц˵ĻɽҪЩɽѪģɽѪļҪѪ
ɽѪȫѾˣޱߵɱ⽫֣ڴʱһɱ⡣
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ˮ֮𣬽һɫĹâɽѪΪʤȯѶɻǱŵļг
Ȼۣ
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ಣ
ɽѪٺˣգۼˮ֮⣬ͻȻɽѪķӦνѸ١
нâҫһͷԼʮɵĽɫڿУϵɽѪҲɵĸо־塣
⣬⡭ⲻͨߣ
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ɽѪ㽫صĴۣڴʱڲԶĳһ죡
ϵ˵ҲȷǲǿԴɽѪ޷ɱһҲԲŹ
㵽ʲôˣʲô壿
ɽѪʵʱΧһ˽
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ɫ壿ôܰѹӵǿ츳
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㾹Ȼ壬Ϊβ˵أһݣҲԼսˡȿȣǰһжᣬҸǸϣ֮ǰܹһʹ
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ǸʲôãοһҲġѾ㵱ɱɱ֮УҲüʵˣҪǾʵ˵ɣ
ڿаȻ˵ǿȻ¶һ񣬾ʮֵİףɽѪ־ŭѾûлء
ôСðɣ֮ǰǺ㿪Цѣαصأڲ𣿡
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ɱ֮ɫʱѾԷΪ˿Ȼ˶Է˼ƣҲѾɽѪһɦŪ˵š
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ߣһѣ㻹кԮȱɱ㣬˭Ҳ֪
ɽѪһЦ˫ɽУʱ׼
д޳⣬Ǿȥɣ
˵䣬޴͵ڿҫǰ£屾ӵ˿ٵٶ֮죬ǵڵɽѪҲܵ޴ѹ
˭˭޶ۣҲĻ㣡
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ʧȥ˷ֻʣ屾壬һҲţηٵǰֻڿ¶˷צӡ
ƾһץȥһǿĽ㳯ǰӿȥɽѪһնǰĿС
һǽڿеֱӶԾʹһֻ֣赭дһνɽѪȴȫʩΪ
¡һ
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һ֮£ΪģԭԼ屾ĹǿѾ㹻Ըۼڵɵˣڵĸ֣ͬһս֮
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ˣʲôֶΣһʩչɣ
м˵ɽѪһҲ
ɽѪʱйŭĥŸζԷ˺һȴЩһĪչ
Ϊ϶ԣԼȻȶԷҪǿϲ٣ʵսԼռƣԣõζԸ⻹һ˽ʾ֭顣
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屾£治ĶԷὫԼôˣֻҪвмɡ
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һ֮Ǿ޴ɫˮȻĿй룬ĳɽѪΪ֮һ㶣ٴȫԸļˮ
ɽѪԼˮӵһԷУǷˮڸγһϬɱ
ж٣٣
аʩչ屾󣬻ȶԷֻǿοռ屾ƣϵԴԴ
ˮ𣬻Ҳˮյԣ˫ˡ
ǣЩɫˮںȴİΧ˰Χ֮⣬ֲɡ
ɽѪˮ˵һģִˮڿװĸʧ֣ŵĻһٶͣסɫˮ
еɫˮһʧҲͣеɫˮѾɣһĻΪǿ
һܴ죬ɽѪҲЩɥãˮϵҲãҲռݾƣôܴܶԷأ
ˣʲôֶΣʹɣүүţ
ԽףȴԵðʮ㣬ڿţһ˫֮ƵĶɽѪһɸζ
ڳĺɽУ˶оүѾȴİΣܼǿ壬ӡ
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ಣ
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֪ôҲαǿԣɽѪɱ
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ﬣ
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ž
һβɽѪͬߵķݱɳȥУɽѪһѪϵս׾Ȼķ飬αҲ߻صģڿлʹȥ
һ֮ɽѪصײ˽ƱԵ¡ײǱײ˵֮£һڣɽѪ򲻼Ӱ
⣬ŵһ֮٣ϾԷ⧲֮²ԼĹԣǿɽѪ޷ֵġ
α£ʮǿȻȻģı壬ǿ˹ȫ֮µβҲ൱ȫһʮ־ˡ
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۷׷ף޲Գηſе
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̫̬ˣĽɫ壬ʵǿȫǶְ
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ڿУղѾɽѪٵ屾ʵΪš
ȻҪɱɽѪûϾΪֻǵۼڣʩչ֮壬ȻöԷ֮û취
ض֮ϢɽѪʧһ㣬ȵҲͷˣڿˣѾҳԱô
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ΪıţۻƵġ
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аԾ裬֪ԷʲôֶΣʱǲСɽѪеıŸνʱֱ˺

ɽѪһеɽһֱ˫ۡ
ߣ
һ۾΢΢һܣǽƤ֮ϣȻ󷴵
˫֮һҲԸˡ
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ǼѾɽѪͼǹܣֵסɽѪĽ
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ſңҾʩչ֮Աͬھ
ɽѪ鼱֮ŭʱŹȣۼ챻ѹ⣬е֮Ա뷨
һǶԷʩչ֮ԱԼĿǰʵ޷ƣһ֮ԱǾԼ屾壬ҲᱻըУ߷ǰɣ


1815 Ҫ

ɽѪ峯·˳ȥٵܿ·Щ
ʱһıը·ֱӱը֮ҲСƣղҲδռݶٱˣмֶֻˣ֮ЩϸܵƬԷķŪˣҵʹҲХ
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Ϊ̫ˣӵнɫ屾壬Ҳ޷ɱң㻹ҼǱ۾ҲҪһ
ɽѪЦ֪ԼѾ˲֮أֻҪԷעһԼĴܰȫ
ʹǳ֮ᣬ屾ҲԶָƵϵѸٵٶȻָţƬ̣ѾȫȬ
ɽѪƻָٶȵҲϲǿĽʺް
Ҳֻ֮ˣҪһͷɫ壬ʵ̫ˡ
ɽѪʮˣҪ޷Ժͻᷴ亦
ðɣͷŹ㣬һμ֮ʱ֪ʲô³
Ҳ֮ˣ˵ԼҲᱻһΣԼ̫ðˡ
ɽЩ£νʮСĽʹ屾壬һȴǱɽѪ֪ɽ壬ҲԺӾͲùˡ
´μʱľԲǱһˡɽֽɫ壬һϢųȥҲ֪ɽֵ׷ɱĴҲδػȱۺù
ɽѪٺЦѾ⣬ĽϢȥʱҲҪԼ֣Է֮ء
ô˵ֲǱŴġʱ˵鷳һɱһɱһ˫ɽȫɵۣ
ν˵֪Լ츳ܿͿٴνԼ˵ڣɽĸҲԼκвʱǵ˾ȫ
ɽѪסˣԶԷ츳ʱ˵⻰ʵЩģʱǡÿеķ졣
ಣ
ɽѪ˷֮УѪɫâ£Ȼһϵﲻ֮ͨȴҲڿǰС
ӵ˷ֻҪҶУǽɫ壬ҺΣ
ɽѪа
һʹû뵽ԷȡռԼķ죬Ժһһ
ķķıɣ
ɽѪ˵֮䣬ȻԦ쳯ȥ
һٶȿ죬ͻƸֽƣǿޱȡ
ಣ
εʹ˲ȴǱײ壬һʱ䱻ײ˸ЩǱ
Ҳ͵ˣ
ɽѪз˷ǿвϲӣٴμԦ
ˣٶȳƱԵȥǿײɽѪõĽƣɽѪĹѾ
ɫٴαײɣ屾Ҳʮǿ󣬷ֻ»ᱻֱɱ
ɽѪ׼㣬ϵļԦ棬Ϊֱûûˣֻһֱɽ֮ɶݡ
˺ɽ֮ɴ˺УǣɽѪҲ޷̽鵽ϢһҲֻѸٵ뿪
һ˲䣬Ҳ㾪ˣĿռƺѾȫͬˣеĿռ侹ȻϲΪһռ䣬ֻռ֮ȴǲСռܺ͡
׾ҵһзӣʦͽ˼һϲӶʱɷ֮ǰһֱڵ
ٵĿռУ֮ʵ̫ˣȫʺҲɣһΪ᲻½
ѯһиǾȣΪʵ̫ǿˣȻڵĸһսӻ˵ʲô𾪻𾪡
ʲô㣿
ѯʵ
Ҿڱɽ紳һ󣬵ΪۼںȥѰ
ʵ˵
ţѾ¶һҪСģУΪʦҲҪǾڴ˵طֱɣ
΢Ц˵
͵һû뵽ʦͽ˺ò׾һҪֱ뿪ϾΪСһʲô⣬Լʧȥʦ
ʦһжһ໥֮ҲиӦʦʦһȥ񡣡
æ˵
ƺϵⷬ˵ǣ΢΢һЦȻ˵Ӧ޲ɢ֮ϯһΣ㣬Ҳӳɽ˵ӣһ顣ѾﵽۼΪ仯屾壬Եڸ֣ΪʦԣȴСĿ¡
о仰㣬һˣʵǿӦü룬ٴҲӴҲ׷Ȩ룬׷Ϊʦһ˵Ĳһ׸һ𣬶ΪʦûĺôΪʦһֱ㣬ΪʦΪ
֮ûһͬǰɽ磬еģԶıӻÿ˵ǣҲΪʦΪʦ֪㵣ΪʦΪеͣ㲻õˣΪʦΪȷʵȫġǣΪʦΪɽҲеƫϵΪˣߣΪʦ츳ҲҪľĥ£Ҳɽ紳һӣΪĸ졣
ΪʦĽΪϣΪʦҲһﵽۼΪʱʦͽٴһڣΪʦ䣬ҲҪѹΪΪʦԼѡ
ÿһ˶Լ··ټѣҲҪ¸ҵȥΪһԶ׷ߣҲֻƽ£һڤڤ֮ж۰ɣ
˵ô࣬ĴӦΪʦĿԡˣ÷ֱˣϣΪʦһμʱѾΪɽߡ


1816 а
ӻĽ͵һ˵֪꣬ѾûκأԵĽǶ˵ӵĻǷǳеġ
ֻǣΪЩԣʦðգʦ䣬֮黹ǻ֮ȥ
ðɣʦףˡһͽɽ紳ʱʦͱͽ֣˭ΪʦͽԣͽԲŹ
һһٵ˵
˺䣬ȻߣԭֻʣӰȥµ
˵½ʱţЩˣҲӦвӵзɽʵˣֻǣҪЩɽΪǿɣǾҪʱˡ
ȲˣʵڵȲˣ
ҡҡͷѾ֮ȫ˺䣬Щȫ˾ݡ
ݣǧԣҲֻǲ׺һڣɽ֮˴ݴɱ䣬֮Ҳ޷ֵ
ʱᵣһ뵽Щ֮˵İΣʱܻΪ֮ǡ
ðɣ˼˼ĹأɽͬйءҲҪ֤ǰȫ÷ǾǽɽһͳȻһǿ֯ʱ򣬾ܱϾ˵İȫ
кУΪƾԼһˣѶϢͨ⣬ɽνƵѾﵽ˵ۼڵΪҲɽ绹һĲСӣⷴԼܵ
·ϣڵˣҲҵסȥ·飬ЩᷳˣεİԻʲô˼οЩСϻʵڳԵûʲô˼
뿪ɽһֱ˼ɽ罨һǿȻҪΪһǿ죬һ򵥵顣
ɽų֮磬ĴСɣЩ֮ҲҲͷΪʮ󳬼ͳαɽ󲿷ֵ
֮⣬ɽ绹ڶеĸ֣ЩǻһҲһǿڡ
ǰм󣬷һʮֳԣĴɽɽﻨ㣬һƬͣȴ˵ҿ
ѣͣﲻǸȥĵط
һͺ
ҪǸҴȥСŮӾ
һŮЦ˵һƤɰ
ǰһһȺһЩǡúԼȥķͬΪ˶˽ⱱɽԲЩͬ·
Цɲ㿪ģ㻹Ǳˡ
ͺߺٺЦϵҲ˿η֮ɫ
˵˵ֲɵϣȻᴳ֮ء
ŮЦ
ˣȥǶ۰ұ죡
һĸߴòȵ
ͬʱʶȤֹͣ˶졣
ѣЩԱʲôãϲЦⰡǰɽųƶɽסһΪǿļһһƢɲãһ˵Ҵĵ̣ͻ˲¹ͷҶ˵ʮֵĺŮɫ
ʮֿıȭ˵
Ǻǣʵ̫ˣﵹЩŹ֣Ҳȥˡ
Цűȭ֮Щ˻һ𣬳Ҫȥķͬ⣬ҪЩȫǸαװͨˡ
ŶӺųƻ飬⺩ǸųǸͺȹŮӶ£жˣһƺǸưͣ˸˵ĸоֱ䣬һֱδ˵һ仰
һСųһʮӢˣһĵЦ⣬һԡĸоƽҲ̫࣬һ´ĪҲӡ
һֵ飬ΪֻнңɳڵΪųнڵΪųнɺڵΪ
ǡҲʩչ˽ڵΪ֮ʱȹŮΧ壬ɱѷֺ֣󣬽˵һ仰ȹŮӱɻʤ
ڴָ֮һΣҲӮʤΪΧʮ־ͨȴ·ɱǣ˶ѡ
ʶǺǱˣΪĿĵز࣬˶һ·иӦ
˵ĸԲʮһ·ϳֵģַǷ˶ĵطҲΪһ𣬵û˵ơ
ΪɽҲеΪˣһ£ҲӦ˵ƣһֱűɽĵشƽ˵ʲô
ǲ뼸һͬǰУЩȫΪǲ򵥣ǣСŶ֮ĬУЩȥʱ⡣


1817 ɽ
óˣǱܿɽ
ųɿ˵ͬʱͷ
˶ƿɽǲᷴԣ̽󣬷ǶɽļһҲǿ治֪θҶռɽ
뿪֮ǰɽ֮ͻȻһЦ֮Խƺɽ
ͺƳһۣȻɽϣǻ߳
ˣһ˱ֳ˿־壬Щ˶ƺǰ¶ԭʵ
˺󣡡
ȵ
޿˰
Цһ׺ӵ߳ɽ£ȴĶסȹŮӣоȻ˿ˮиǾâҫ
ۣС椡£˿Թˡ
׺Ц˿˷
ѣ޹أߡ
ɻͷ˵뽫ȴߡ
ҼȻͬУӦиͬͬѣôһ֮ʲô˵ˣǲս׺ӵ֡
˵һǽҲûģֻҡҡͷԷ˽ԼҲǿи
ôǶѵûɵĻ
׺ӵȵһֱڴ˵ؼ޵еĴڣȻû⼸ʵ˷С
аɣĵӿɲСȻҴС⣬Ȱ˻ɽϣ򣬺롣
ͺЩŭ˵Ȼʮ˶ŮӲ
ߣȻ֪ţͷѵһĲˣ
׺߸·ˣЩ
аɣǲδ̤ɽ벽ɽ֮£ΪҪΪأ
ȹŮ˵
˭˵϶ɽǰȫģ˭˵аɲɽɱˣѽǱˣɽϺͱаһͬɣ
׺˵Խа񣬺޲ȥȹŮѹڵء
аЦаѵɽԺкܶ˽ˣȻĶֵ֣ʱ̡
ŮӼҪͺѾ̲סˣɽʱȴһȣס֣
ɺֹ˶ˣȻѵĪҪǣһеԴΪء
׺ɲֹɣǶŮӡ
аǰ½ɣǵųаǰ̸̸֪ɷ񣿡
ɹ˵
ߣʲôаɲŲϻ
׺ӵЦҲƲϽɡ
Щ˵ֽǻӦñš
аԲ²׺ӵ߻ǻˣǰˣûһǵġ
аǰǰһɽ˽̸µɽµţ֪ǰΣ
ȻЦ˵Ǹ֮⡣
ſԺŮ̸׺ˣԷЩΪûӣʱŮΪӵ뿪
ɸ磬ңҲ̸ʲô̸ġ
Ůæ˵
ȥɣǵ㣬ǵøɾһ㡣
΢Цһ֣ŮӱѾû·
ãаɾͺú̸̸ôǿҪһʱˣǻ£ߣ
׺ߵЦ޲̾˵Ůӡ
ಣ
ŮӳɽϵͿշУʱ׺βȥѼӻˡ
ֳЩɫʱȴЦѣĺˣõΪǿ󣬵ȴ㹻ĴǸһ޷ռ˵ģýˣܿͻɽ
Уϡõɣ
аȴװϲģͷǾ̫ˣ
ԼĪʱŮӳɽ£лһɫʻһ飬⵹Ҳ¶˻ĵЦ⣬»湻ԻˣȴΧ֪
ͺ磬Щţ
ŮӲɷ˵ĽеʻݸͺߣͺһεǲˣֺǺǵĽӹʻ
ˣҲüˡ
һ֣ȫգʼǰС
Ҳ֪ЩΪʲôӦԼͬ·ѵΪԼո߳δ̫Цˡ
ߣЩ˿ԼʵΪǣֿȴǷǳ֮СΪ⼸˵ΪҲԶԶԼôܹԼΪأ
һʱ֮Ҳ벻ףȻҲͲˣһȺһԼҪֵĻᣬһ·Ҳʡȴ˲鷳
ǰٶȲ죬ԣҲ⣬һ߷Уһ߰
һ·ϣͣͣѡϡ֮ͣЪ⵹Ǳܿ˲鷳Ȼһ·Ͽ϶ǻ鷳ģŶӵ͵Ĵ£Щ鷳Ҳɽ
һʱǰк˿ҪִĿĵˣʱּ˵ɫҲ¶֮ɫҲû֮ǰģ
һɽ֮У˽ЪϢʱɵ̸żɽ˵ѣѾִĿĵˣܿҪִһ޵ʮֱǸǲͬˣν޲ɢ֮ϯ磬Ǿڴ˵طֱɣǰУмǱܿǰɽȣһɽͼע˺ܶΣյطϰɣ
ӹԷһʯͼԭΪǻὫԼڻã˭֪ʱ򣬾ȻԼ뿪
ЩˣԵҲȻԵһͬǰУһǰһѰɣ
аӹͼȴǱȭ̫ˣȻһͬǰӦҲеһӡ񣬲һһͬɣһҲһ
һ˿жû뵽һ·֮ˣˣΪȻͣΪ˻û˵
ԽɾԽܴȥðգֻܾܾǸѣģʮΣգһСģҵȶɥڴˡѵ⣬Ҵˡˣֿ
ʲôôصģѵȥɱ𣿡
̾
ԣɱˣһɱŶӣųš
ɵͷΪԺ˵
ְţݡ
Ц˵
ʲôδŵ֣ڱɽ˾֪ģɽ磬Ҳǿų񣬻δŶԿˡ
ɳԾ˵ԭΪǸͨͨˣǣȻŶûʵ̫˳Ծˡ
ɽų֮磬ڶ࣬ɱ֯ҲǶţëеɱ֮֯Уеһɱ֯ЩɵҪǿĶ࣬ˣɽ֮޲ŷɥﻹġ
ɱ𣿴˺ųƱɽɱֽһˡ
ɼʵ
ɽ磬սģֻ㰡Ǹɱδ
ʵ˵ȴ³ǰ֮˱Ǳɽɱ֮ѹֻӵǿΪ
ҡҡ
ɽͰ͵˵ªŵ̶ֳȣʵ̫ˡ
ѣл˵֧֧ġ
Ц˵
ˣҸ˵Ķ˵ˣ˺˵ɣ
ʮΪˣСԱһ˵һЦǰϣ֮ǰһֱ˵λҲЦ
ûãͺŮǶ˾һЦ⣬µĴ綢һһ㡣
ʣǲ̣
ڱ˵
ͬʱҡͷɻ
Ȼҵụ̂ΪʲôҿأѵΪҳ̫ˣ
һ˵
ͣ
Ů̲סЦһָЦ˵
ѣҪǳĳҵǲܼˡ
ͺ߹Ц
ðɣΪ˺£
ϵûһ˿һЦ⣬ö˲ڿЦ
ţɱ֮ɱ˵𣿡
ŮЦݣ֣ʵ
ţȻ˵ˡ
ͷʮֿ϶˵
Ůͺ߶һۣȻͬʱ˲ԶĽɣϴôˣ˵ô˵Դһ֪أ
ܺãȻ֪Ǿ֪ʲôˡ
Ůӵͷ˵
֪ʲôʲôϵ˵ģ˵ŵֺǸɱ֮ɱ
˵ʱͬʱ̿Ц
ðɣѣұʾͶˣһ
Ů˵꣬Ͻ
ѣҲ£ˡ
ͺҲæˡ
˸¶Ź֮ɫͬĿΪڱɽ磬֪ŵˣʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ⼸˺ܺ棬ٲѹˣ֪ԼֻнΪҲǿʵԼԣǰѾĺܲˡ
ɽ֮УȼɭϣһӹɣȻҲв˲ϲȼԼˣȻ漸Ҳ򣬷ҪôɱԼҪô뿪ˡ
޹˼˵Ŀ⣬ߵм󣬿˵֪ǲðգǣϲðա磬εһͬǰɣһѶһ·һˣһ
۽˻Ƿ˵˵ε
ѣ֪ǽҪԸʲô𣿡
Ůӳһʳ˿ڡ
֪
شĺܸɴࡣ
Ůһ۽ɣͷ˵νҪɱһۼ֣Ҳһɵۡ
Ŷԭˡ
Ȼ˵ƺһҲȡ
ѣ˵ɵ֮
ŮӲĵʵΪԷŵۼ֣ûаرķӦʵ̫ˡ
Ҹ˵ģɵ۵ʲôĸأֻɣ޽ɣĻ治֪ѵɵ۱ȴ޽ɵĸֻҪ𣿡
˵Ҳ͵Цѡ
ۣ
Ůӳˣ˷ۣ˫һ̯ʾԼûа취ˡ
ðɣҼ򵥺˵ǽҪԸһĸ֣ǵΪԣȥ˻Ǿһ֮֡ҪȥΣգҲǺȡԣϣ㲻Ҫȥ
ƽԽ͵
ŶҵΪ֮УҲģôǵĺȡУ˵Ҫͬѣôһأ
赭д˵޷˵με


1818 
ͶͶѣһμ񡣡
ɴ˵еʮΰ
˽ԾǸ⣬ǣ˵ǶûзУΪһ⣬ȻЩ⣬ȴһˡ
ɵ絽زǲ̫˵أ
ʵϴһĨЦ⡣
˼ǰһ׵ɽ֮ǰֹͣǰУŽɵĴѸٵжȴɽ֮ϡ
һΣΥҵԺͱһжˡ
ɼ˫Ķ
ͷԺûһжĻˣһΣԼҪȥƵҪɱ˭ȻҪΪǿĸ֡
ͬʱϢܿ㳯ɽ֮зɽûñټȫޡ
صһЦʹϢĳ·ɽȽ䣬Խ棬ֵ׻˭
ȵɽʱɽȵ֮󣬴ͬһƽԭѾټ
һûʹ֮̽ΪóȻ̽飬ҲݾߣʱǡÿǰӰζȵʱֻ˻ʬ𼣺
ԭɽ֮л
аƺϰһжûֿɽ֮Ѿ˲ˣǴڱɱ״̬
ʱѾ˵ӰǰķʽΪ֣һǰǽվ·ָǰУһ֮УֵˣȻٶˡ
ƺ˵أǰеٶȺܿ죬ĿҲʮȷһϪ֮ʱͬʱͣסΡ
ಣ
һӰϪˮ֮жݳһɫӣݣ˫۾ɫ֮Щɣƺ쵽˼Σ
һѾ֪Ŀ֮һвɰϲϢʵ˹Ȼ˴˵ء
֮ϿУʶΧ̽ȥܿ㷢Щ͵ĳ鶯һ
˭ıӵڴ˵ҰǸ۹
֮ȵϵûκεľ֮ɫ
ж
͵Ĵʯ·ܳҲͬʱжһʱ֮䣬˵Ѿɡ
֮ɫΪ֮һ䣬ܿ㷢ǰתԼȻѾһƽ֮أлɵģԼȻֻܿǰʮҵĵط
ǰӰڿУȻЩģǻǱ֮˿ˡ
˭˴Ұ֪˵˭ĵ𣿡
֮˴䲻ȵ
ڲԶûнУΪױǾ쵽ʱвɸȤˣ˵ԲǴɱһɵô򵥡
µǿɵ۳Ϊѣƾʲôҵǰ񣡡
ɵǱ䣬ǿҵɱ˲
֮д󾪣û뵽Щߵţʲôвɵ۳ΪѵЩ˵Ϊǿ
Ϊڴ˵ûе˭֪ʲôˣΪ£

ܹɽ磬һ·Ըһɽ磿
ɵ
ɽֲǼҵģۼȻˣ;Բߣ˭ֹڱɽ硣
Ц
ɽʲô߹߹ƾ㣬δҵСĿӣȻȴǾɱ㣬Ȼӡ
ɰʮ˵ȻûɽС
оòЩ߲ƣȻ֪Լ֣ǾԲһˡ
ȻѾ֪֮ôǲǸñ
ǿװ򶨵
۽ɱźųš
һһٵ˵ǴֵЦ⡣

˻һ˵Ӱ
ôܣ˭Ȼţ찡Ǻá
һ˵ģﻹһۼֵ硣
ɺܵŶԷĿ־飬вǸԼţȻ޶Եļһ
ǺǣЩҲСӡ
а
磬СආǻսپɣɱĿꡣ
Ůѵ
ţ֮ͽԸˣǳУֱ
ɵͷ
磬ĺˣһ񡣡
Ůޱȵ˵˳󷨣ǻͻȻӳһɫ壬ڴ֮һŨҵĺ̳
ಣ
˳ҶϪ֮Уŭĺţԩ޳ǻǻȥɣǽ֮ء
ýƻļһ
ɰԷոӳĺɫȻж
˽֮ʱѾˣˣҲЩŭ֮ǰɱĿûĵֶΡ
ŷɥĪǣǹߵģ
аԲ²Ȼ֮⣬ģôһۼڵļһأ

ɵһӣһǿĽϪ֮У⽣ٶˣŵĻæ֮С


1819 
ȴһıըϪˮըѵĶһźâ˲˽ɵ֮С
ȻˣҲˡ
ǽɵֶˣǻ֮ˣʵΪ˸Ȼҵ
ʵʱʵĴݾߣҲкôģɱŴʱѾס˳ڣҲĶԷߡ
ɽ֮Ҳݵˣɱ֯ҲԲܣ֮飬ԣɱŵĶλʮ׼ȷ
ԴԣҲ֪˵ļƻȻ˼ȻǿԲµ˵Ĳ뷨
ɰΪʲôͻȻϪðأҷ쳣״һᰵ̽飬ԲͻȻԼݱ¶ѵ˵ĳһնĿΪɱǰ
ΪһԹߣĵǱȽȫ棬ȻЩҲֻǲ²ѣʵΣҪ۲ȷ
ΧϪŮӵһϪ֮У˵ԼĪƬ̣ȴûŮӷء
üͷ΢壬ƺѾ쵽˲Ծյ˵Ӧ÷ˣôܻᳬƬϢأ
磡ҲһɣΣա
ͺߵǵ˵
ţ̽һһо
ڻ˶֮ʶ̽飬·ӦǿԶģǣŮȴʧȥϵһ⡣
ǿ׼һ룬ǧҪɢ
ɾıԣһͬ룬۷ʲô飬ҲиӦ
ĵţֱһͬƺųҪҪǽ֮С
ʧȥ˷죬ʮֵĲϰߣз죬ϢĽ룬ڣۼڸֵĽƣҪȥ磬Ǿʮˡ
ԼĪʱ׼ƣȴ쳣춯Ϫʮ쳣֮󣬱һ˴ӽжݳ
ǻˣʱ˵ĴӽгһĿĵġ
ΣˣЩѾ˾֣֪Żǰʱһ뽫һ򾡡
аãԥҪҪЩˡ
һĵ֮ɫһЦȻȵСӣѾˣڿԳˡ
ԣһΪصԼЩ벻ͨԼΪǿˣԶۼڸֵ̽飬ηԼأ
סһ֮ǻƺЩˣƵ㻹ɱѾ鷳Уѵ㲻𣿡
׼֮ʱǻȴһȻǰʱ֪Է̽ѡ
ЩĸֵļһﶼܽƻԺһö
аȻϢĸ˻˵
ɽ˻δֵܷˣΪѾ뿪ˣǱЦЦ˵Ϣǲ׼ȷǸ˼Ȼǰ·ɱţӦǸķķҲֻ˶Ŀʲôƨá
ô
ʵû뵽ɱŵжѾԷˣ˶ԸԼЩ˵̫ˡ
ǻۣѾ³˸ţЩǴ뱱ɽģĿһͳҵıɽ磬ɱ룬ǰɱЩˡ
˵ɱʲôЩҪռݱɽѾΪԼĵˡ
Щӣɵ۵£Ǻˣ
Ѿ˶ۡ
˱һΪǸ˷
˭˭
˼ɽɫŵʵ
δشһ󾪻źԼ񾭹Ҳ˻þ̽Χûκ˴ڵļ
Ȼţ˭Ҿɱ˭죬ɱű뱻𣡡
бɱ˭
ִӿд
ǻþȻڴǱ
˴󾪣ɫ֮ʮ־֣ΪصĶ־ԲǼ֮
˭αװŪѣۻӭǵˣǾݹֱ۽飡
ǿװ򶨵˵
Ҳװ֡գǻһ١
˵֮䣬Ѿڻ档
˿ҲһնһӣȻץס˻˵ɽ
ʱ˷ֶԷ־ȻԼɽҪӲҪɱȴǸ̲ҪɽȴǸ޷쵽
Ϯ
˴һʱҪԮ
ˣѾ˽ƣ㺰ƺҲû˻㣡
˵ϴصЦ⡣
ȥ
˼鲻ɽһȭţһȭû㣬ƾԷȭͷ
һ˲ҽһ־ȻһƬһȭû˶Էȭͷ
㵽˭
󺹣ƾԷǿԲԼܴܵġ
ɱŵˡ
ЦѾʼð棬ܿ˶Էɽ

˸ܵǿĻ棬֮·ɽ֮ͻȻɽϵѾжˣһѪ
ɽеܿ챻һգȴָ΢΢ɽѾķѣһѷˡ


1820 ɶ
ǰ
˵ӶҪɳۿﻹǰҰʱѾԼԶ޷ܵĶ
ԵۼڵΪҪɱۼڵɵۣʵ̫ˣ򵥵ľͬȾƳԷһ㡣
ĵͬʱ͵Ķһɺɫо綾ֹܷʶ̽飬ͻȻļַ
ǣ̫ˣ
Ϊٶ֣ȻηЩ̣ο츳ʶ
ؼǣ˴µĽ֮Уܣӳ֮⡣
΢һɴཫˣ˲֮£ײڽƱԵ˻Ǿɥ
ˣҿûʱˡ׼ȥɣ֮ǰ콫Ϣ֪ңһʹ಻
һ㵽˻ǰֻһȭǻ˵㱻ըѿһصķ
ڻ˵֮֮ǰһץ㽫ǽɫץУ֮ԱĻᶼûУѾһŻ֮С
ǰ
֪ǵù͸ˣпܻԼĩա
ϻ˵콫֪˵о
нһǻ˶ʱ񺿽
ܿ죬˱㽫֪һһһʮ˵Ҳܹûʵֶ̫ǿˣԪ֮ʹû˿Գܵġ
ڵõϢԥĽ˵֮ȫɣ֮УҲõ˲ּ䣬һԱȣ֪ʵ
ಣ
һȻ˻˵ģ˵˼仰ǻһģһһԿġ
ο˻˵֮Ҳ߱˻˵ĳЩϢһǻ˵ӣҲδؿ̽
⿪ƺɽͷһʱ䣬ȻųŹȵ׳ȥ
ϪµĽƺ΢΢һЦ֪ɱӽƺ㱻ֿˣһĬ޴ӷӣֻᱻơ
վһʯ֮УĸΧĶ룬Ǿȥ֧ԮΣ֮ˡ
ಣ
ֱӳ˲ƶȥڳʯҺǰȻʣϪ֮µǱж죬Ȼֲɽ
ŮѾһʼƺ󣬱⵽׷ɱһ·룬󱻱Ƶ˾֮С
Ůڵĵطһӣԭǳж׷ɱڽʯӺ·Ȼð̣̱ǻ˵ǿ
֮⣬ӶھˣŮӴΪѣҪǺɫȻʴսףһʱ֮ŮսѾγ˺ܱһ㡣
ŮҪݳ˵أϲ죬²ŵأ·ɶʱ·ȻлأһСĴأһɱ̵Һӭ
ɫҺմȾŮӷԼһɽһֱֱ·䡣
Ů޷ӣ޷̽Զмֻţж֮廹ֱµ·塣
£ŮӻǸоԼڻ½ЩĿʼԼ壬ٽӴغѾʼڣٶȣʱŮӱ㽫Ϊһ߰׹ǡ
ŮǲģһɱսôûǾˣʵҲ
һ
Ů˹ƶҪնɫҺ壬ǣɫҺͬһ㣬ôնϣǹɾ޴Ůµ䡣
һδغŮӵؿһɼ˳ɫһι˵ļʸЩ涾Ůһʱ֮Ҳ޷ⶾǣֻǶѭԽԽΣա
仯Σˣһ·ϵûִܿŮ֮صϷ
ǵۼڵ˲õĽƣѹֻס
аĽƣûаտԾȳŮӡ
ŮӾȫţϾӵвΪǿȡϵķɼȻ˹ƶ˿ڴѪҺȫֺںɫ
µĲǷɼҺֻҪʱŮſԿ˷ɼҺֻɫҺγɵĶҺ̫ˣܹ˵塣
Ů֪ԼѾΣյĻ֮У˵ĴҲδغùȻǶԷƺ˵ģרԸԼ˵塣
ʱƣŮϵսѾҺڵһɶŮϵƤҲʼãԭҲγðߵ㣬Щ䣬ŮʵΪ
֮ϣȴѾۼڸֲ˽ƣѾʧȥ˷죬ҪͻƵۼڸֲõĽҲ¡
ʱѾ˲ôˣ׼ðվŮӣѶ£˫ְ˽֮⣬ȻȫʼɽƵһط
ɽƵһɳһȱڣǾͿɵǱˣȻǼ߷յ飬һǽ֮УҲζҪʱ֮С
һ·뼸һͬǰǾԲð˴յģһԭȻЩֺпɵ£ˣðվ˵뷨
ʱѾһ΢СĽȱڣȻ󽫺ڰؼʹΪ̳ȻѸٵĶ˽֮С
ǿĽƳССȱڣһǲᱻֵģڽƺ̷˴˵ص쳣֮
֮УȻӵʮϵľ綾Щ綾һ붼ֻ֪֣֪Щ綾ǿ󣬾ǰٶֵԼҲҪð㹻ķա
ӺһɫҺ弸ƾնܿͽ֣£ûܣƾⶾҺס塣
ɫҺһմһֲ˻˻ЩҺȻӵмǿĸʴԣһᣬĳҲ˲ơ
ƾЩҺ壬ȴЩҺȻֻԼƬϣ֮ͬԵѰԼƬ֮ѷ졣
ɫҺ޿ײ룡
ѾҺԼ֮УֻͷŻʱȻЩҺֱˡ
ɶҺɫҺʼȴʱɴһݣɫҺҲˡ
ڴ֮ЩҺȻԣԼǺ󣬾ȻĿЩҺ
ܺãÿԶһЩܣ
аϲȻðˣܵյһôշЩҺǺô֮һ
϶£ʼɸֶأĶأĻ棬ɣ͸鷳
ŮϿʱŮӷʱΪǵˣҲҪȫɱˡ
ٵܣȻ󽵵Ůӵ࣬ŮӴ󾪣ӷĹ
ס֣ġ
ɲ˷ʱ䣬ͼ
ȥƭң
Ůǲĵط˾Լοһɽ֮еĵˡ
Ų㣬ģִԲ򣬲ͬҲȫᱻɱ
ûбݣȴĺȵ
һȣŮӻһԷǵˣαǰ˵أѵԼģ
˫趯һŻ泯·죬ܿ죬Ķر࣬ŮӻЩɻˡ
ǧ𶯣ڰⶾ
ֶ׼ŮӣȻʼɫҺɫҺʱЩҺ˲䱻ڣȻڲչһɡ
ЩɫҺŮӲòȷʵԼģæ˹ڵء
ƶٶ̫ⶾɣ
֣͵˵
Ůԥһ˲䣬ǽһַֻУڴ֮ŮֻһůɶԷдůʼԼƶŮӱһֵɽҪĴԷ
԰꣡ɱ㣬ûҪȸⶾˣȥЩͬ飡ǵĴҲò˶١
仰ŮӰסеĳ嶯ڲúŮӷڵĶҺʧٶȷǳ죬֮⣬Լղ˵ĲλҲѸٵȬ
Ƭ̣ŮѾԼѾָ״̬ûйһ㣬ʱвЩм
л²ʤмлᣬһѵľ
Ůӹ˵ھ֮ǰеǱҪеġ
֮ͣؿڣǸóȥˡ
˵㲻ǱĿȴҲһȡ
ѣﱻǿĽƣǳȥˡ
Ůӿɬ˵
㻹ǶɱŵġܽѵͲܳȥ𣿡
ЦȻ˫ͬʱӶǽڰȥ
ŮεЦЦ㶵Ķ֪ʲô취гȥ֮ŮĿɿڴȻǿ֮ŪһȽϴȱڡ
ߣ
ŮһѾݳ֮⣬ʱҲ˽ƣһʯд
ǰںδ
ŮӲòĿڣԷΪȻԼҪǿĶ࣬ôܴԼӽгأ
ָ˷ǰһˣŮûаԥȭǶȥ
ʱ룬ȥǸô˵ļһһܿʧԭء
԰ȻеۼڵĸڴǻҪǷɢƵıҪ𣿡
Щ벻ףŶҲˣɱۼڵģҲԳɹɱۼڵĸֻ֣Ѱ·Ϊ
һۼڸֲõĽ⣬ͣطһصɽǸ˵Ĳּ䣬ԼѰط
ڸֲõĽƣԣѶȱС˺ܶ࣬ǿд룬Ҳǲܵ顣
ȻΪ˱֮ǰķĵɺǱ롣
ǸŲϲ˵֮ˣʱȴڽ֮дţеɽǷĹţ֮мֱһƬǽ塣
ȥ޷ңΪŵڤ񣡡
˻ţͷ󺹣һʯ
¡
Ľնºǿʯͷ˲Ϊ촷ۣʱȴЦһɵۣЩһҪȫɱ
ת˷ʱȴһʯͷдСţϵ˵ٴе̬оǲѾˡ
һƽʱһԲʱĻ࣬һʯͷϾʲô˷ʲôã
ажûΣպ׼뿪ʱǰӰһһԼδ˳ˡ
Ա־ԵĵۼڳʽȻһԲ޷ݵİ¶


1821 Ԩ
Ȼڣ׻˭
д󾪣ֿǵۼڸ֣ʱпΪԼ
ɽʱԷȻüëһ£֮о¶ϷʰЦ⣬һ仰˵ȴһεǿѹ
˭
ʵ
أ
ԷͻȻ¶һЦ⣬һѪɫɽ
ŶԷãڿڵѵɵۣ
Ǻǣ㾹ȻԲУȻûñʧ
ԷȻһЦͬʱ֡
ǰɣȻɵۣôĶ֣仯屾Ҳа
а鲻ԽĿʼˣȻһֱԷ˱ɱУڵʱ죬ԼΪҪɱɵۣδ̫ˡ
ô
ʵ
һֱڵ㣬㵽ҪԾˡ
ԷɫȻ˵
Ҫɱң
ɫʵ
ǺǣҪɱ㣬ɡţԣ
ԷЦ˵ָһһǿĽѾ
һҲСƣȫǵǣȫԸ£ȴǸ͵סԷɹ
ۣ
屻ɳȥһڽɫѪҺͷһؿѾһָϸĿû뵽Լ徹ȻԷָ˸Դ
ˣɱ㣬󻼡
Է̾Ϣһһ
ŵһҪܣȴǹɾ޴Ѿǰ
¡
Լ徹Ȼըѿ֮Ҳըһ֣ȫıԷɱ
ӣ
ʱΨһͷܣʧȥ󣬴ʱӣ
Ӳģ
Է˵ڿһץһɴԼ֮ˣʱֻ¾δɱҲ·ˡ
ô
ʮֲģʱδ仯屾壬Ѿɱˣ֮ԱĻᶼûˡ
ôǿҸĶ֡
бţԺиֳЩ˵Ӱ֪һαɡ
ɣɱңҲк³
ʱ̣һɣԴһ쿪ʼ֪һᵽ
ɱ㣬֡磬˶ϰɣ۸һᣬʩչ֮Ա
Է˵ȫްָ顣
׼ʩչ֮ԱʱͻȻһ촫ǿĳ֮Ҳըɳȥ
ã䶨ʱͻȻԼ廹ڣɵȴѾʧӰ١
ô£ѵһ𣿡
һȭԼʹĽгʱڷԼ廹ûбɱϲ˽ɫѪҺղŵǹǿըˡ
ףƾȻըˡ
һ̽һ󣬷ŵ˾ȻѾʧӰ٣ڿлϢ
ˣղŵĸоֻǻþѣܵ˻þӰ죬ʩչ֮ԱĽƱըҵĻþҲʧˡ
Ȼвɰ̾þ֮ղŵĸоʵ̫ʵˣʵҲʩչ֮Աˡ
ģЩһҲŹǵġ
ŭһ뵽Լпܾģȴǲ򵥣Ȼʩչ֮ԱԼµĲԭµĴ
ԭͣƬ̣޿κεĿЦһȻطȥԼһҪСģһܾܿ͵Ϊֹ
ʱһɵۣɽ֮ˡ
ɱ˵û
һʵ
һڵļһȻѾˣ
ں˵
ܺã´ˣһάġڣѾֻʣ¶ˣѾԨ֮У֮ǲӳġڿʼֻܳΪȥĴ˵ˣⱱɽ罫Ϊ˵ĵ̡
е˷ܣһ˵

֪˵ЩʲôǸɴЦԷҲſЦ
ȥԨӳˡ
Ц֮˵
ģԨ֮أû˿ԻųȻҪȥҾͺһȥ
˻ش
˳ɽȽ֮еԨȥòһʱ˱㵽һɭ֮أɭ֮أһ׵ĿӶӶ⻬ɲ⣬ʶҲ޷̽С
վӱϣ֮ⲢûвýƣԨôסǿĵۼأ
Сģվ̫ˣСĵȥһȥǽ֮ء
һѵ
ҼԨûôɣ뿴Щ꣬Ԩǲǰͬˡ
˵󣬱뽫Ԩ֮С
򲻿ɣԨ֮еŹĪһմȾʧȥУ˲ƵֻܵȥǾԶҲˡ쵽ôˣȻԨǻ˰ɣ
˻æס塣
ЦЦȻԶԨɣ˵Ԩһ£һǻţҾȥɱǡ
ʲô


1822 
˵ɴ۾ƺĻȻ͵ҡͷҲɣԨֻ˲ſԽ룬Ƕǲܽģһ룬ɡ
ףˣ
ͻȻһָԨ

Ҳ޷ʶ̽ԨֻԹ鿴ʱָָӣ˺²Сĵ룬ſԨߣɴ۾۲졣
ʲôӰ㲻Ѱĵİɣ
ЩãȻҡҡͷ
ԣȷʵѰġ
Ц˵һ̤˱ϡ
Ǹʲô
˾ֵ˵Ҫȴ޷ǽжʱ󾪣û뵽ʦܵΪչֲĳ̶ȡ
ȥȥ鿴һǲǻš
˵꣬һ£Ǹ޷Ĵֱ׹ԨзĲҽ
ֵǣԷֻ׹뼸ɣԼκεľˣ⻹Щ֡
Ԩ;ÿֲҸðվ𣿡
룬ǾνεУǽԼСҲˣǾǵòʧˡ
˼ͬʱͻȻԶƿ֮˳Ѹٵķ
˽־Ůͺߣʮżĸͺһ̰νӭ
ɣ
Ůӵ˵Ȼ񣺡лǰǰȣǰŵˣ
㲻֪ôѰ˵صģ
ʵ
ǰǰ׷ټǺţԲһ·׼ǰѯʡ
ŮЩ˼˵
аܿ㷢Լ϶һͷͷȻͳ׷ټǺţЩơ
֮УǸϲ˵Ѿˡ
̾˿Ϊص˵
ԣͬʱһ˫֮мȾŭͬʱ߶ȥ֮˵֡
ͬʱ򵹣ͬʱŶ֮ݾ£ȵվʱϵˮѾɺԡ
ǰǵĶλų
Ůӹʵ
вһѹԼ֮ǰΪ˰һѣɽȴһˣǶų׹Ԩ֮أⲢԼҪĽ
ǶˣڴԨ֮ء
˵
ͬʱԨ֮أʲôҲ壬޷ʶ̽顣
ಣ
ͺߺԥԨ֮УͻҲûκε˼׼ȵʱһжѾԵ̫ˡ
Ԩ֮ƺйǿһ룬̻ᱻѸٵײȵŴ͡
ȥԨͬСɣ򲻿ȥ
æ˵
ǰлġǵų·ԨжôΣգǶǰӪȡ
Ůƽ˵
ԨǱѰ룬Ҳ޷ǳ룬ܹǵΪҪȥ𣿡
Ц
ǰһ취ġжҶ취ǳ
Ů˵ͬʱ֮ͻȻһʱͻȻ뵽ʲôɰŮӴ
ŮӽԨ֮У½ŮӵҲ¶һЦ⡣
Ȼ·޷У˲ƣһð취
Ȼһˣȴĸ˻ţҲǱȽϺõˣԼиֻˣһ˶ˡ
ǣҰ㾯䡣
˺һξ룬ʼΧĶǰţԼҲ԰һæ
лǰ
ŮӸм˵ϵķȥֻԨףԼķУȴҲʼû̽ײ
ŮӼͷʱͻȻһʱһɴԨ˲䴫ɴ£ŮӾûзſһͷԨ֮С
д󾪣ʲôƫƫʲôŮҲȥŵԨ֮ˡ
ô죡
ΣԼΪҲۼڣðսԨ֮УҲûаմг
ǷڣǾͺðˣϧ
ޱȣʱֵԼʱˡ
ˣƴˣҾͲžȲǡ
˾ȻҲԨ֮С
Ԩ֮кԼԭеƺȫʧˣԼͬһʯͷһٵ½ǰһƬڣκεĶ
ʧȥԭе׹ֱֲ̫ˣĿӣ޷ʶ̽£һжδ֪ģҲ֪ԨײԼˤʲô档
˼ʱһ죬صԨײ
һŷԨײȻޱȹ⻬ʯͷʯͷϻ̦޺û˿Ĺߣͬһäһ
˭
Ůӵ
ң
ˤԨ󣬷ԼģѾָԭֱԸо
ôģ
ŮӾȵʵ
ҽɽȣץˣȻ͸
͵
ˤûУҵĶȶˤˣ߲·
Ů̾ʱʹ


1823 Ů
ţˤĺۣһãֽŶܶ
˵룬ʧȥˤãˤУԼǿ󣬾ʵˤҲܹܵġ
죬ȥųӦþڸġ
Ůæ˵
ȶˣҲκá
վһվˤڵأòǱ
Ŷ
Ů˵޷ƶ˫۵ҪԭΪͷӲ
ֻֽŲõĳŮ֮ƶ˰СʱƵŮӵߡ
Ҫץ
Ů˫ֻסزйߣһֽ֮ɫ
ղŻ治Сץ˲ץĵطʵ̫ˣ᷸Ĵ
ȵץסŮӵ˫ʱȴҽֻֿƾоָܿʪ͸ˣԭŮµѪ
Ҫ˼ֻ㣡ռıˣҾԲǹġ
æ˵
ҪҪκҵȣҾԲʲôβãߣ
ŮһǾ
ڰƣеѶҲ̫ˣֲҽʱץסŮӵȣҪʩչȴǲܵġ
оԷǹۣˤˣѪһأʧȥ£пܻ
ǳ֮᲻ˣҲȲ
Ͳˣʱָֻǳ֮ĹЧΪ̽һŪ˿ڣϢʱ䣬ϵ˿ھȻȬˡ
ʱҲģ˫ַŮӵȲȻоʼǳ֮Ļָ
һͬǲҲУԣ˵пŮӡ
棬⵽ʲô
ŮӾекоůʶ
ԭز¶Ǹҵˣɣ
ŮӻȻ
ˣҾͲˡ
֪Է֪ԼΪʱҲ˲ô࣬˵ԼҲû취ȥ
ŮӹԹԱˣȴǰԸм룬˹Ȼ򵥣ȻԼǰΪ
Ƭ̣ŮӱȲûʹоˣаϲҪʱһˤ˸ࡣ
ҵˤˣ
Ůס죬ʹ˵
ˣԼŸƺȣȻֵ
ûҵݣҲźðơ򣬿϶ӰΪ
˵룺ԭ黹а
ɲô
Ůֻ˫ڵ˺һᣬҵǿˤݣȵƺݺֻȥ˲ʱ䡣
ط̫ˣ޷վô죿
ŮЩƵʵ

˵
Ź
Ů˵꣬ͻȻ˼ԭ˼ǽԼڵϴٲˤ
Ŷˣһɣĸأ
Ů˵
ˣˣ̫Σգһˣǿɲá磬İɣأҿվߣ
Ц˵
ŮУһˤ˺üΣٱվŵķСܶࡣ
ǳСվճӣһСˤĺܲңǿ󣬵Ǻܿ
ʱϵսҲͳһϵĳۣ룬Ȼ˽¡
Ħ֮ڵ·ˣŮͬţУٶʵ̫ˡ
ˣˣţȥˣ
˵󣬺ܿ뿪ˡ
Ůô벻ףʪĵط·ģֱǸ漣
ʲôط̫ˣ
Ůӷŭĺ
Ԩײ˺ڰʪ⣬Ҳƽ̹вٶ͵¶ȣҲпӶ£ҪǰУѶʮ־޴
Ԩ㷢Զպˣ޷У޷˲ƣ˾ͬΪһˡ
Ůӻû취ǰڲһӶֹֻͣǰȻ˵֡
ǣĽܴ͸ԶƺʲôܹԨײԵնˡ
˵ǵۼֽ˵أҲ൱ڷȫ书Ȼõڴ˵ء
ʮֵĳԣϧ޷һ֮ء
Ϊڴ˵ػ޷ʹһʱҲ벻ףֻںڰǰ
ޱߵĺڰʪޱȣʹó۰סһĦˤΡ
ڰУо˼СʱȴһӰҲûҵвЩżԼ̫嶯ˣԨ󣬲޷ˣԼҲ˵ˡ
˺ܾã˲ԶںУвɻ˵Լδ
İڰĻòȵǺ֮ʱͣ£Ȼ󱣳˳Ĭ
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İе
ҲСĵԨ˭
˵δϾն񻷾УҲ֪ԷǵС
һģһΪأ
İ֮̾͸ž
ﵽʲô˭
ţɻôˡ
ԯ֪ԴѾԨ֮ã
˻ش᲻
һꣿаԷҲǵۼ֣Ȼﱻһ֤꣬Լ뿪ʵ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬㶼ûܴӳȥ̫ˣҲѾȥ˰ɣ
˵
ôף⻹Ԩ֮𣿺ֹңԨ֮ز֪ס˶ˣɵ۾вʮˡ
˿Ц
ǰɣôۼ֣
кһԼڱɽ罨һǿշЩԨ֮صˣԼҲʮۼֵ£ɲС
ʶЩأǶ
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ԯ֪Դ˵ⲻ˰̾ǲôϲ
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ƽ˵
ȥʲôʶûκε壬˰ɣǴ߰ɣ
ԯ֪Դ˵ԭΪԼ֪ǸյԨˣбûκεȤ
а취ȥﱻ꣬ѵȥ𣿡
Ц˵
ʲô
ԯ֪ԴʵȻ˷ܵĺѣ˵ģƭҵİɣ
Ȼġ
϶ȴЩΣʱֻӦˣҪԼҲҲȥİ취Ҳֻڴˡ
Ԩ֮أڣϸǲȥ˵ܾңôأҪ˵˵δӳȥ
ԯ֪Դɵʵ
ٺ٣ܣȻܣ˵Ǿûʲô˼ˡ֮ҲãҲգҲûʲôʧ
ŵЦЦгǿҵš
ţ˭֮
һ㣬ҪţҲֻ˲ŻԼ
Ȼɲ׾˳ȥлôһĿĵģǶԷʶȤĻǱԼ˵ЧҪúܶࡣ
ã㡣ǣΪʲôҪң㵽ʲôɵˣ
ԯ֪ԴҲɵӣܿʵ
ǺǣҵɵͨͨһɢɡǹԨȼѵģǡ㣬˳һ£ҲǾ֮͡
Ц˵
ԭˣ֮ԣܾҳȥҽЧҶܾҳȥԸΪһ׷㡣
ԯ֪Դ֣˵
аϲ˰죬ǵȶԷֻⷬϻ̴ӦΪӦˣá
ţ飬Ժ˵Ҿ˵ĿĲΪˡˣ֪ﵽʲôΪ
ʮƽʵ
ԯ֪ԴаԾɣԷȻԼΪȵڲͬ룬ЦŻشҵΪһ㣬ۼΪѡ
ۼڣҵΪһ㡣ĸ֣༸ԶûʲôҪ֪ɽ磬һɵ۱ɵֵһɣµɵۣȻԽԽá
аϲȻ˵ȥˡ
ã⸽һˣʹȥҡ
ԯ֪Դͷ˵Ȼǰߡ
ûãдͬӤ˲ϾԨ֮С
ѣǰ֮˽пŮ֣ƺѾˣ֪ÿ˱㱻Ů
ԯ֪Դ͵
ŶԭˣŮð
Ц˵
ֹסˣȴһŮӵ˭Ҫʲô
Ůǵģ
ԯ֪ԴЦ˵
ƭˣû˻ǣû˻ǣֻأΪʲôûǰΪʲô
ŮЦ߿ޣǼϸԨ֮Ե˵Ŀֲ
˰ɣ
˵
Ҹ˵أô£ֲ޷ȥһ˶ûɱѾǺܼǿˡ
ԯ֪Դ̾
ʲôﻹɱˣ
ʵ
ȻУкܶ˳ܲסѹߴڣԣɱҲ
ԯ֪Դش
ǣɵۼˣôɱأ
ʵ
ɱ壬һɱ֮Ǿζ𡣡
ԯ֪Դʵش
ˣɱˣķɽЩҲ˰ɣ
룬ʵ
Ҿ治֪ˡǸ޷ɽЩ֮Уû취áһʬ壬ϲɽ뷨֪ô¡
ԯ֪Դҡͷ˵
˭ɱҵģҪƴˣ
ŮͻȻųһڶԷûֻȭͷ
ʱ䲢ԶԶûǿŮӦĻ˻汻ϮˣȻŮȭͷͬСӵȭͷһ㾢Ҳ߱
ǣס˿Ů˫ֽСסʱȴǿŮȻһ߹Ŀ꾹Ȼ֮


1824 Ԩ
ôľ룬Ҳûʱ䣬߸ţȻȴһЦδҽ⵹ǿŮһ㶡
ڿŮ˵ǷǳģһŴȥ㲻ҲʮֵܣǣԷȴǺ޷Ӧ
ѵ㲻еģ
Ůе
ûü˵ǿŮһţһͬ˸ʵʵȻһŶûаɱ
ʱĿŮ˵һͨ˲ûж𣬶оżߵĻѧ޷ʹĵطĴڡ
żߵķᣬƾǿĹʲô˺ԣȻŮʱȴǲϼУ㲻еģһеġ
Ůˣǳȥġ
ԯ֪Դæе
ܣûܴȥ
Ů˵֮ʱ㳯ֱ۴ҧȥҲЩˬˣԼûǿķɲñӾ
ڰУһתʹһ֣ǿŮסˣʱŮȻо
죡ɱ㣡
Ĵס˿ŮĲӣһŮɡ
ѣǧ֡
ԯ֪Դæе
ŮڱˣʱſȻǸŮ˵ķϣҾͲһƽϡסٸҶҲһԥɱ㡣
ԯ֪Դԭأ֪ŮʵģԼ֮ǰ򶷹ͲĶ֣ǣȴɵĴ
ô㵽ʲô𣿡
Ůָвİôǿ
øϻھ뿪Ļ͸ߣ
˵Ȼǰȥ
ԯ֪Դס˿Ůһ˵һһںߡ
һᣬͻȻԶôŵ棬Űƣڳ衣
һ˵ϣаϲδ˵ȴֹͣ˾ȻԼΧ˹
ԯ֪ԴŮǴ˭
һȵ
ѣ뿪ġ
ԯ֪Դæش
ƨ·ߣ˭Ҳ뿪ԨɱСӣ

ͬʱʱЦˣżߵʵˣǶ˹֮ʱһҿ߷ɳȥ
ҽ𣬶Ѿ߷ɣһʱ֮侹Ȼ

Ǳ֮һȭҲһȭ˲ҽе֣Ȼȭͷ³˴
ôܣȻ˿Դң
Ǳ֮Ϊţȭͷϵʹȴò˺
ȫ£ҷɱۡ
ҲЩŭˣƣһԼԼʵֻͱɱˡ
һŵĳĬ˶ûѡͬʱ˵ϣʱҲûΪǣԯ֪Դ˵Լ˾Ȼͬʱ
ѣܾգֳԸΪ
֮һһٵ˵
ҶȻǳȥףԯ֪Դ㲻˵֮⣬һ
ʵ
ѣɱˣǸһҪܵǵϴɱ
֮˻ش
ʬأ
ʵ
Ҵȥ
֮˽һ֮أһѹͷ˱Ǳɱļһ
мѸոյ˵أڸ֪֣ǰҽȫȻұ취뿪
˵
ڸǶȻҵţھȥҡ
ش
ھͳ˴ҵѣ·κˣǣҲǼѣǾͲûˡ
˱Ѹٳȥ
Щ˱Ͼ˺ܳһʱ䣬ȻѾӦĻˣ˵񣬶ǶԾԼһ㡣
οĻȥ֪ʲôʱܽȫ
˶ߺһԭأ룬ԼҵԨı߽磬Ȼܲ취ȥ
ͨһк뵽һ⣬ɰԼ֮ǰôû뵽
ķҪǷ˵ȴûܷҲ˵ڰԨ֮У߱żߵʵ
żߴﵽʲôʵǿԶԶͨˣ㲻ֱӷУڿжʱڷУҲʲô¡
ߣżߵԾҲȳ˸˺ܶ࣬ŵͿշУͬȻһ㡣
֪ˣҾͲˤôˡ
Ц
֮ŷ۷ʵ徹Ȼ뿪һ֮ߡ
ѾڵͿŷУԾҲܹʮ֮ߣ뿪˵ˡ
ķҲȥһһȺʵ£˱ɽ磬γһǿ
ԼĪ֮ԶܼĽŲʱҲЩ֪ûȫǰ
ѣǻˡ
ԯ֪ԴԶԶĴʱѾ˲ʮ˵вɴ󾪣ѵôɵۣҲ̫ˡ


1825 Ч
ˣ
ŵͬʱ˵жǱ̧ģٵĶųˤĵطԣ˵Ĳᡣ
˶˺ҵ飬ʱжڸпôû뵽ǵۼĸ֡
ɴʱʮǱ첲ˤˣ˫Ҳˤˣ޷ȥѰֻһҲֻڱ䳱ʪĿӶ֮С
ллšû㣬ŽֻʣǶ޷ķˡ
ɼ˵
ȱ𶯣Ȱˡ
˵
ʲô£㻹ˡѵʹ𣿡
ɾϲ
Ȼǣһ޷ʹҵһⷽ£֪ˡ
ص˵
֮УҲֻǺĶԴȡʲôж
ûöþͽɵκˣ˷ܵվɸһվǱˤڵء
̫ˣ㾹ȻԨκң治֪ôл㣡Ƿ̫ˡ
ɾϲ
ѣȻѣǾͱãҼųơţ˭ģֱŶӣʲôƣҶκǣ
Ц˵
Ԩ֮նĵط˭ûƣκƣЩܲ˷ܵĿ
һ˵ƶƺˣʱѾȽЩȫո򣬺αðմǳȥأ
ˣڿʼǽǰԨ֮ߣ֮һὫȫȳȥţ͸ҡǲţǾ
˵
ѣ㣡
ʱ򣬳ʲôİ취뿪
Ĵ£һԨ֮صıԵشΧй⻬ʯڣЩҪȥȫ߱ԡ
Ȼа취ģƾżߵʵֻҪ΢뿪ֲԨ֮ء
Ԩ֮صıԵشѾ׼ʼ˾ȥˣʱ֮ܵ£ǽ޷ܵĺ
ʮˣȫӵɵΪȻΪҲﵽ𼶱ЩһŶӣǽǷǳ߱ʵġ
ڰ֮УҲ޷۾ЩˣвˣҲûӪȵıҪԣķʵ̫ˡ
оǣЩУҲеۼڵɵۣԨ֮УԼǿɽǵģԨ֮ϣ˱ͱһеĺ޷ܵġ
ɣȾȥ
˵жŻ˽ģҪӪȣҲȽĸ˾ȳȥԼĸ֡
лԺõŵģܿڡ
ɸм˵
ֲǵһμ棬
Ц˵Ȼǽɵĸ첲ץס彥뿪棬ڴ֮󣬲ʱýұϽһҡȥ
˸о棬һ׷ϲΪζ
˳ȥ治Ǽ򵥵飬ΪԨ֮ʵ̫ԾżߵʵϵٶʮޣòķѸʱܾһȥ
ķҹŴŽɽӽұڣڳԨ֮صһ˲䣬Ҳ۵̱ڵء
ζû뵽ԳԨ֮أʱԨ֮˼ĹڵأʮܵĺʵĿ
Ƭʱ䣬˶ѾָԭеʱɾȻڵأɽ¡صڡ
Ǹʲô𣡡
һæ˵
ҽһʮֹ°֮ˣû˭ǣһΣҲò㡣Ҳ֪ôʾҵĸлû㣬ҲֻԨнĸࡣУû㣬ҲΪʷ֮ңŶӣ㸳ԣҾЧ㡣ͬ⣬ԸΪ
Ȼ˵ⷬУҲһж
ֵܣҾǾͶԵԲŻðΣվǡ⣬⡣ҲҪΪɣ
æ˵
ȷҪΪ
ʵ
ȷ
ͷն˵
˵еĿģȻϣܹһЩʵǿ£ɵΪѾﵽ˵ۼڣΪԼֻͬǣϣԼΪʼЩá
ãҽڿʼЧϣ֣ģЧҶϵɽ»𺣣ɾԲΥӴԺҽһЧҶΥ׺䣡
ҧָ췢˶ġ
Ǻοأ
̾
ӲңҾԨԶĸԨ֮С
ߵԨԵʱпܻȥ
򲻿ɣ
еԼǷѾղŽȳȥԼղŵŬǰ׷ˡ
˵˼ˣ
ɻ翴͸˼¶ϲЦ⡣
ðɣҲ㣬ӴԺֵƣˣ룬Խϴ󡣾ɣ·ѡģҲ˵ʲôˡڣﾯ䣬ȥŵ˾ȳ


1826 
Ц˵ȴЩ˷ܣԷĸԸԼΪϴ¿ɱǿȵҪ
ϴȥɣ㡣
˷ܵЦʱݵļС
УˣǮأ
仰ٴԨ֮ء
ߣܹϴҲԺ˼
ɵ΢΢ֱˬԼͶԵԼҲЧ
һµʱ䣬ŵˣ˵ЧҲͬʱģҲֻܽܣ̫װ˷˶ĵĸо
׼Ԩʱɿ˵ϴҾԲȥˣЩˣҲһʲôôǱȺ󣬷ˣֻº᲻롣
ǰϴ֪֪治֪ģԨ֮صˣǲ˽⣬Щ˱ϵţҲǼٵģǾ͵ŻȣһȺ˭֪Щ˻᲻𱨡
ŮҲ˵
ͬʱȰòͣ½һȴЦ˵һǿĳˣǸ˾ɵۡ

ͬʱû뵽ĳ˾Ȼͬ
ϴɵҲǵĳˣ˿ɽ磬Ǿǲļƻóѣԣǲдɱǣʲôϵأ
˷ܵ˵
ˣϴ뽫ǶΪ£ô֣ʮǿһ޷ԸɵۣҪԸɵ۵Щ£ʹˡ
ͺЦ˵

ٺЦͺͺͺԴȻֻɵЦ
ϴʲôƻЩˣǿԨ֮ǵѪûзգ򣬷ջǺܴġǧҪǵĻʲô֣ΪпǼٵģһˣһжδ֪Ҳǵŵϴ˼С
һص˵
Ǻǣ⣬㿼ǵĲһ㣬Ҳ֮ǰ׼ȫѪ򲻾
Ц˵
ԣӦ
Ů˵
ǣǿȵۼ֣Ҿûʲô˼ۼֵеۼֵϣЩˡˣ֪ϸģԿԷľЩˣҾΪãǺ¡ΪãҲֻźǷİɣҾҲδصԡοѾˣһģʲôηġ
ѣǻӭǵˣǾٽӭҲκ˵Ѫǿ˶𱨣һɱһжɱһ˫ǿҪСˣɲǵĵ̣ǰһҪƴס̣𣿡
˻һ˵޲Ȼ𾴣ͬʱͷŵ
֮ǰ˶Ǹмڣ˶ĸи˳뾴أϾǿʳɽ磬ԭˣʵǲˡ
ֽԨ֮أʱΪв˲²ٻˣ˽֪ѣȾĸѣôأ
λһ£
˵˶ʱ
һıԣܹЩĸԸ׷ԼǽȵѪ塣
λ֪һһ£Ǿǣǲǲˡǲǣ
ʵ
ǣ
ͬ
λ֮ҵѣΪǣҲŻԨ֮ءԣȾѳȥϣλܹ⡣
Ȼ˵ѾЩһϴԣǿԻò׷ߵġ
ѣ˵ģȫ⡣
ԯ֪Դһ˵
壬Ҳ⡣
컺˵еЩ
˷׷ױ̬⣬ϾðΣȾѣ֮飬οھѺֽԨ֮ء
֮Ԩ֮أֻΪһسŵ֮ˣһŵȳʳԡڰԨ֮У޷֪ǵʵΪҲ˱ļţΪһ㣬޴̽顣ȻҼȻͲںһ㡣
˵ǰ棬ҲԨ֮أǺ뿪ģʱ䣬޷Ҳ޷ӳȥֻĸࡣһ㣬Ͽ𣿡
һ٣ѯʵ
˷׷ױʾϿɣڴ֮˵λҾǳȥԲǿҪôõôֻҪһΪߣҽȥ̵Ҳ޷رܣҲȫ˶ᱻȽܡ
ңҾûʲô˼˵ϣǵϡұڱɽһ֯һ㣬ûʲôˣҲҾǵĿ֮һȻҾԲǿκһ˳ΪҵˡԸ׷ңʱỶӭ˵Ҷ𱨣ҲٽӭС
ðɣҲ˵ˣھͽһȳȥԸ׷ҵģھͿԱ̬ȣֻҪһԣұὫǴȥ
˳ĬţĻЩ˶ʼ˼ܿ죬˹ģϣԯ֪ԴԸ׷ݣΥԣⱲӸԨ֮ء
ܺãԯ֪ԴھʹȥϣسŵҲδǿκһˣǲЧ׷棬ҲὫǾȳȥֻҽȾȳЩ׷ҵˣΪԺ󣬴ұֵܡ


1827 İ
˵꣬ԯ֪ԴʼϷнʣµ˷׷ŸԵ¡
ȳԯ֪Դԯ֪Դ̬ȹɽ¡صڣҲΪ֮ݡ
ɽ¡صڣɲ˭ܵģΪǿ⣬Ҫй֮ʧȥصڽԵ쳣α
ͬһֻæµ۷䣬ϵĳԨ֮أ˼ʱ䣬Žȫ˶ȳԨ֮ء
˷ܵǣˣɽȵĵ˻ûг֡
ʮˣȻʮɵۣеۼڵԼĪʮˣۼʮˣж˾ӵеۼΪ
Щ𼶱ˣеĲˣ츳ǼЩ֮Уܿ˻ɵۡ
𱨵δ֣ΪѾӵ˴׷ߣ˭˼𱨣ҲֻѰ·
ʮɵ֮УжʮЧ֮ıѾаԾϲˣʮ˲δģоЩź
ʮ𣬳˶ˣȫѡЧңе˲١
ЩƵǣǶۼڵɵ۲δЧң˱ȺԵΪԵƲˣƲ
ǵۼΪΪǵۼ˲٣ˣڵ֪Ϊ󣬲׵Чҡ
˸־ҲǿκһˣǣЩˣұɱˡ
˻һڽԻȻû뵽ȻҪɱˡ
ʲô˼ѵΪҵûЧ㣬Ҫɱ𣿡
һ˷ŭʵ˵ûϳΪ֮ǰǱ˵ģ
ţһڴ˵أǴ˵֮ˣɱ㣬Щ·
ͻȻ
㣬ô֪Ǵ˵֮ˣ˵ҲǱץģҲܺߡ
Щŵ˵˵ߺˡ
ס֣
һȣһߵǰ
˫罣һԷ߲򵥣˾߱ۼڵΪԵù°ޱȣȻԼ
ɷ㵨ҵϴѵΪΪﵽۼھ޵ˣ
ȵ
ɷ˿ΪУ
Ҳȵ
ʲô۱죡ݺɽʱǻǳ̵Сޣ
ɷЦһҲη˵в
ۼЧϴϴġλֵܽǣǾԲΪϴ󣬾ҲҪɱϴĵˡ
ɫѾɽ
һƿЧ˷׷׼ɽγɵ̫ǿˣɱ֮졣
ٺ٣˶иƨãԸЩˣۻδСڣ뱾Ϊеģܷۿǣһ뱾ΪУ۾飡
ɷЦҲɽ˵͵ıǡ
¶΢Ц֮ɫûοô׷ߣۼڵĸԼΪУҲҲ
λɱڣҵɷǰʶƣλǾͼɷǰһҵɱһѪ·Բǵıóѣ
ǸԨɵۺٵ
ѪɷǰԸ׷ǰǰһ𲢼ս
δĵһ˺ܿѪɷһ
˭ҪģͿսһ˽᲻ú
ѪɷЦò˶ʱëȻ
԰꣡׷汾۵ĺһǧɡ
ʮƽ˵ˣܿ죬˸һˡ
Ҫ׷Ѫɷǰ
һԾѪɷǵۼڵĸ֣Լ׷ûκεǰ;пڴ˵ء
ʵûзѪɷУȴһͷãԣѪɷЦͶˣɵΪ׷ҲЩں֮ڣֻ׷汾ɷл·
ڴ֮Ѫɷۺ׷汾۵ģ汾ǰ򣬽Ϊ֮У
ԭЩδĵУΨһĶҲɵѪɷ֮ЩɵۣվѪɷ
˼Ȼ޷ѡǱҲֻѡһˡѪɷվһߣȻⲢǴ׷㡣ͬΪۼ֮ˣֻѣ¡
һɫ˵ЦһѾѪɷһ
ۼڵĸ֣ã£ǵĴʮˡ
аԽп࣬ǶԷֻһۼڸ֣Լһռ˶ڣȫһƴ֮ǣԷжۼڸ֣Լһʤʮ֮С˵ܡ
ǰǰˣˣ¾׷ǰ
һɵ۹˵Ȼɵ˻
ʱɵۣѾֻʣ¶ˣ˶һۣȻͬʱ˵ҵ֮ȣˣΣ֮УҵԸ׷սҲϧ
˻һвЩжҪ֪֮ǰûЧԼģ׼֮뿪ġ
һЧңǶ˵Ҳ˵ǱˣԹ޻ڣ򶨣ȻѾ¶˾ġ
˫γ˶ţһ׷ǵҲ˲ͬı仯ԽᶨҲγ˶ҡ
ӣҲˣ㵱¡ҵȵѻǿԵģӭӭѣǽ죬һҲˡ
ɷЦ
ܺãһ²㵽׽ɷѪɷ
΢Ц˵
ʲôѪɷ֮ѾǺңԶˣɷ֮Ǳۺĵ֮֡ŶǱ۵ģɽ磬˭ȡϷš
ɷһͷȥͬɷ
ǿ֮£Ƽת䣬ʱһһɵ˵ۺòӳԨڿɲԣֻ׷λǰˡ
˳ȥʱһ˴ͽ
ľܣɽ磬ʵҪġĿԼڶ棬ģھ͹
ɷЦ
ǰɷ֣˭赲ǣĸϿ
Ҳ˵
˵ĺɲһǿ󣬺ܿ죬ⷽΪ˾Ȼȫȥ
Ҫʹɱ֣ȴֹˣҪ꣬Ҫˣȥ˵˵ģƾѡֻǣղЩЧұۣȻֱѵģԻ֮ء
Щ˵ѱ䣬еǲñ෴ȻЩ˵ұѣǾǾסļһھͱѣܱԺıѸԼʡġ
Щ˵֮壬ɵأѣǾǵˣԵ˵֮壬ˣҲаΡ
ǶۼڸôקĸƵģδ˷ǵڵΪǾҲһԼĶ֡
Ϊ̬ΪºͣЩЧˣƺȫԼԣܿ죬иɵѡѱ䡣
ʱһûУɵֻۣʮˣҲ˵һɵۡ
ɷһҲʮɵۣȫʵҪһһЦ⣬Щ˵ӣһҲûϡ
ɷϴȣͲܳѵҪ𱨣ɱ𣿡
ɴ˵
ðɣҵȵķϣۿԲΪǣھ͹ɣ
ɷӵת˵
ɷôܷ뿪֮£ȥҶ˵ǱˣҪ˼а
Щõ˵
Ѿ˾Ҫɱı㣬ûо񣡡
ɷ
ϴǿ뿪ɣ
æ˵
ϴǿߣ
Ҳ˵
ʱ˿̣˶ΪİΣ룬Ͼжۼڸ֣һɷı⣬롣
ߣߣ۲ŲͷڹꡣǸˣ۽ɱˣ˭뱾ΪС
˵Ũҵɱ⡣
ⲻǺɱ˶ѣΪʲôҪѡأ
ЩȻ¶˾ģԼֵֻ֧ס
ɷ콫֮˽ҵȽƴһս
ȵһ֧

Ҳ
ʮˣѾ˳Գȣĵ׷Ѿһ·ȥ
ӻǲСһǸɵ۳ڵСɫѵҪΪһˣɱ֮𣿡
ɷʮֲ˵
Ⱥ׳գ֪ͼȻ𱨣Щһ
η˵ǰжۼڸ֣Σƴһս
֮ˣͽɺ޵ģǶۼڵĸ֣ǸӣһɱǸĺݽɫ
ڻȽ϶ɷǲڿԼȻ˵ĻǣʼգûиоԼ˿ɱ⡣
ʱԼֱҲ˵ɷп̽ԼпܰԼһѡ
Ȼɷ֪뷨϶ᱻһʱɷЦ۲ò㣬Ȼеɫǣ֪Ầ㣬ҲẦЩ֧ɵĵɫ¸ң޴㣬ʹ׷뿪˵ˡ
ɷĻͦġΪƾΪǱ۵Ķ𣿡
΢Ц˵ʼնûֳ˿Ŀ־塣
ɷ㶣ǳԲ׼Ϊλһ˵ѵԽԼɣֿʵ̫Сˡ
ߣƵۼڵĸ֣ǲ֪ôдġɷ㣬ǲӦɱأ
ЦƲ˷Ե
ӣַҲ˼˵۾һȾãֱǷеķҪɱˣڶ˱ɱ㣡
жһøҲûС
ƱۣǾ뱾һսݣ
ŭ
Ը㣬ҲҪ۳֡ɷ۸һλᣬҼۣ֮̽ѡ׷汾ۣҲܡ
ԨײۿƿһҲԡǲŵģǾ׼ɣ
з޾ɱ⣬ɷҲɻһ£Էʵ̫ˣɵڵΪ
ɷΪֻ֮ǶԷΪҪԶԶĵԼ׷ˣʲô˼
ȻӺܶ෽ԣɷȽҪľΪԼͣɷ̽ԭڡ


1828 جεĿʼ
֪Ҳɱô֪أѵʵԶԸۼڵĸ֣
ɷЩԺˣ룬黹Խɣѵһж֮УΪʲôԨбǿ˵Ѫǲʲôնû
ʮϢʱ䣬ǵУɶ֣
΢Цɴ䲻̬
۾ԲΪУѡ֧㣬ǣñ׷㣬ǻҪֳʵ
ɷն˵
ɷô
ӼôҲ벻ףɷȻڴʱЭ
ӣΪ֮㲻һ·ģҰģֻΪ̽
ɷ
ãɷȻ㲻׷ңǾִΪУҽ㡣
΢΢鶯еɱ˵Ļꡣ
ҲΪС
ɷæ͵ԼĻȴ˵Ĳ԰ףԷȻѾԼɱ⡣
ǱΪô򵥣ҺпܲĶ֣
ɷԽ͸ҧɷģӴԺ󣬽ԶЧ㣡Υó
ã۽Чԣұѣɱ⣡
ϲϲ֮ɫƽͬһˮ
ɷ߹ȥʱɵҲȥȴֹˣЩͽϴɱ㣬Ҳɱǵġ˭˭
ʱſʼû뵽һоȻһ壬ܶɵ۵жʼˣֻΪɷһȥ˫ʵٴη˾˵ת䡣
ɷЧңԤ֮УȻЩɵȴôˣΪһۼڵɵһۼڵɵۣ⼸ǲܵ顣
ɽ磬һʵΪԣۼڵĸֲԸЧɵжܹġ
οЧЩɵۣҪҲǿľ飬򣬵ʵЩۼڵɵۻ治һз
㶵ĶͬڿһɷЧңֵͬƵᡣ
вɷƾʲôأѵֻǻ𣿡
ҡҡͷ벻ԭ
ϴǰе֮ϴԭ£
ɷϹϾ˵Ǳһ
ţԱۺɱķϣԭһΡԺұѣ۱ɱ㡣
˵ɷ̬Ȳ޶ٹ
лϴɷѾѡ񣬾ͻ
ɷЩݵ˵ѡҪΪ˱飬лЩģϾԷǵۼڵΪ
һϴΪɷԣʵķڷ
ӣۿԾ㣬ܻ㣡׼ȥɣ
ʱ֪һʵˣЩºĸԸĳ
һ㶣û뵽һۼڸȴҲûлɱԼİգѵԼۼڵΪǲɡ
ߣ֪ηɷΣɷ߹ɣ۵Ҫж
ӿǽעɷϡ
ɷŭ׼ܻӵսȴ˵ɷһЪţԸɱԶְɣ㲼ýƣҪκˣ
ǣ
ɷȴԽˣ֪ʲôѵԽս
ϴ󣬾ΪֻеۼڣȴҵȿԱȵġҲ츳ﵽۼڵΪ
ɷа룬Ȼʼýƣֹκӳȥ
ˣһ鲻һп־ţҲоߣЦΪӱԻ
ʲôƾ㣬ҲԸۡЦˣԸ㣬ۿɵɱ
Ӳм˵ȻǾˣҪô̫Դˡ
ܿ죬µɵ۷׷Ȱм˷ܲҪս⼸˵һжЩ˻治ˡ
ˣȻЧұۣǾһзӱ۵ɷָȣֹԷɵߣֶԸӣ˭Ҳӣɱۣ
쳣䣬˲ŭ⵹ŵ˶Щţ⻹Ǹʶ
ϴģɷ
ɷ˵еҲЩ̹û뵽Щɵ۶Լһ֮⣬ɷΪɵ۵졣
ЦȻҪѰ·Ǳ۾ͳȫ㣡
Цǰÿ˵ɷ֣ɡ
Щ𱨵Ļ쵰һϰɣ۵ǿʲôĵط
ͷȻ˵
ǲѾˣֻۼΪѣôȫ
̲סЦЩɵۣҲ׷׷Ц
ڿЦһ͸ÿˣ
һѾ˿УȻɽ
ãǾͳȫ
գһγɶš
ɵҲսȴɷסˣʱɷѡΪҪôǷӣҪôߣɷԸźߡ
ۺڵѹС
Цܿ㿪ʼʩչѹΪҪͨ׷ߵš


1829 һͳ
ϻ˵ʲô£
м˵ԼۼڵΪӦÿԳܵۼڵѹ
Ȼʩչǿѹȴȵ棬ƾһ㣬ɶо̾ѡ
츳ȻǳǿҲң
ɷа
ߣֵֻܵѹûʲôġţһɱ㡣
ӻ˵꣬ȴֶԷ徹ȻʧڿС
˵ľĿУеʧˣȡ֮ȴһͷɫľһǿɽγǿۣ۾
ɫ壿⣬ôܣ
Ӵ˵˵֮ǰƲЩ־ˣΪɽκ˵Ǻģֲࡣ
Щһ㱻ŵĵ棬ӱˣ˫ҲѾʼˡ
ϴ֮ˣүûѡΪУ򣬵֪ôģ
ɷ亹ֱðʱҲѡ
Ҳϴпͻƿﵽľ磡
ɷмͬ˷ԼһеϣѾϡ
ˣԼ׷ɵǣʱ׷׷ĻΪϴϲ
ıһǿռϷ磬رΪƣöеӣսȫޡ
֮ǰ屾ڵĸսӲۼڣˣ˽ɫĶ֣ûǰԸͨͨɢ
ĵĪĿ־壬־ԽԽǿңӸоԼĶڲ£ﻹԷս
οǣ˭֪ǲȫ壬һǿĺ֣ǾɱҲֻجεĿʼ
Ĳ֪֮ˣ֪һӣҲԡһжᣬھǸԸ׷㣬Ϊϴ󡣡
Ӳòͷиûһͷɫս
ȥСˣ۲ֻɫСܣ
ȵ
ǰҴˣҪͶ
˷׷׿޽ģһŵľʧǣﻹԽɫ塣
죡ߣߣûʸͶ۾Բκ˵Ͷһ򣬱ۻὫȫ𡣡
кòҵɱǵɣǲΪǵĶ
ĲҵЧңһδ㣬ѵ㲻һλ𣿡
Ӳĵʵ
ţҸĻᣬܰɣ
΢Ц˵΢ЦǿȻ˿
֮У֪޷ˣֻܴ͵ĺλҪֻзһƴ򣬱ɰɱɱǻлϣ
ɱɱ
˸źʱսΨһѡ
ѹһΧ˭ҿɱۡ
һ֣´ĿȴЩǰڻң˳ֶΡ
Щˣ»ӣһԥӲͷƤ˹
λ׷ǣˣ뱾۶ԿĴۣ𣡡
˵ȻʹӴ屾峯ǰԾųȥ
ɷĿתĶа̾ǿԼΪȻҲ̽˲ƹ켣
ȥʱӲӭУӵı˭죬ҲܵѹСЩۼڵĸ޷γκвЩˣǾ͸ˡ
Ľ뷨ȴǹޱȣ˲嵽һۼ˵ǰ
ˣһߣΪۼڣʱ޿ӣֻܼɽ
ȥ͵ſѪڣ˿˼ɶԷĽһȻһڽǵۼڵ븹С
ˣ
ֻëȻɫֶʵ̫ˣȻֱɵۡ
ɵ۵Ĳҽֻ˺ܶݵʱ䣬ȻѾʧǰ˶󣬱ϾɵǰʩչǸĽһڽͬɽһͬ¡
ֶΣ̫֮ˣԶԶֱɱ˸˸о¡
˾׽Ķʹ˻󣬿еһɵ˲䱻ɭİҧΪ飬ЩǼŵĿ
ǲǶ֣̫ǿˡ
˺
Ӱ
˾еɵˣĹġ
֮Աֳôײеһ棬޷˰ˣʵ˵֮룬Ⲣ̫Ĳ𣬻һҲữΪ촷ۡ

һ£³һѻҽɵԶĲˣ˶֪ʳ
α£Ҳ㹻ʵɱɵۼڵˣǵۼڵɵֻۣҪʧȥȻһᱻɱɡ
ʱʩչ屾壬ԣͬɵд޵еĴڣǻӲӭսʩΪ
ۼڵ֮壬Ѿ᲻Ȥǵۼڵ֮壬ȴĿǰɵġ
ھֵĺУڿѸٵ˲ƣÿһ꣬ȫ𣬾Ȼһˣʵʩһμɱ


1830 ɱֵ
ҷˣôǿʵ÷
ɷͷΪԼʵԶڣȫôΪˡ
ɵۣʱϲһû뵽ϵϴǿʵҪɱڳˣƺҲûʲôѶȡ
ʱɵѾȫټֻʣ¶ԶĻӣʱ
ӱŵսȫޣǣӳȥȴɷĽƵסˣѾɱʱм
ƾ屾壬ɱɵ۳ڵˣһϷɵڵˣͬǰûз֮
ˡ
ɷ˷ܵЦȻԼϳȴԼսΪ˷ܡ
׷ɵǶѾǰףˣٳٲûܵѹԽ޴ɱۼڵɵۣԼӵиǿһΪֻҲͬɱɣ
ô죡Ҹô죡Ϊʲô̫ˣ֪Ͳˡ
ӵľ񼸽
ӣôأʵ˵Ϊۿɵɱ㣡
˵ӴƳѹȥ
ӿ־Ļ£ΪĶ֣ʩչ֮Աȴֲġ
Ҫ
ӾϵĿһսⶼûС
˵ȥҾͲȥˣ
ЦҲȷǷԽۼڵɵۡ
һһ㳯ǰƽʱӾȻһľٶȴһԾȻԨ֮С
޲Ŀɿڴ֮ѡȥֻǲ뱻ɱϾԨ֮УڰޱߣӿԽǺڰϣġ
ಣ
ָα壬ˣƵ˵λ屾壬ҪΪұܣǻģΪ˵ΥԸ
ϴģҵһΪϴܣԲΥϴ
ͬ˵
ͷνɳЩѾһؿ飬ҳ϶Ӧò̫⣬㹻ˡ
ɽ罨٣ǣѵ֪ʵӲЩܹΪԼִһЩ飬Ѿ㹻ˡ
ڿʼҵһɽһǿκɣɵԶǶġ
˵ĸȤǼ˵ɽܶ˳ưԣҵȲ֮¡Ҿ齨һǿ̵ʱһͳɽ磬ڴ֮һͳɽ硣ȻлᣬҾĽ磬ħ磬һͳӴԺֻһ
ĿɿڴͳһɽѾʮ֮£Ŀ꾹ͳһ磬뷨ֻ˸˵
ϴͶأܺΰ룬һƴ֧ϴϣϴʵһͳ
ɷ˵
ζ飬û뵽ϴȻ˵ˣΰ룬Ҳƴ֧ϴʵһͳ
Ҳ˵
ڴ֮󣬾󲿷˶ı̬֧֣ȻҲɣЩɣţ˭֮뿴ѣʵֻҪһһŬʵ롣УҲһˣһŬԺҲΪɽİҲиĵۼ¡Ҳ֮еһпܳɽ֮֮ħ֮ٲãɽܸ֮ÿ԰ɣðɣǲڿ亣ڣʱ佫֤ҵģǿھ뿪֮ǰģҾ͵ڡ
֧ϴ󡣾㲻ܣҲҪƴΪϴս
һ߼˵
˶޲֮˵׷ңҲһϣϣǾǷ硣֪֮ˣҲ̹׸ǣ˵ģڵ硣Ǵﵽ֮һָǷ֮·
˻һ޲ңѾﵽۼڵѪɷˣǿ룬ȻҲ˵룬Ͼֹ
ˣ֣ǿ
˵ȻŵɷȻһƣűԾԨ֮С
ˣ˵زȫҵһΪϴ󻤷߾裬һ֮Уɱ⣡
ɷʹУĴ֮Ĵ̼£ɷûɲ׷ĽŲ
˺γǣӵеۼΪƾ赥ɽҲԻأΪɶ׷ɱ
˷ЧһʮǿϴˣԸṩһǿıɡ
Ԩ֮󣬱׼Ѱһӣа̾һ̫޴ˣԨ֮ƴսδûлĻᡣ
ǣԨ֮ȫʧǾѰ·
ڰԨ֮УҲһѣ޷ʹʶ̽飬ԨҲ֪жôˣҪڰҳһصˣѵǲС
ƾżߵںڰԨ֮Ѱһ󣬽ȴһ񣬸֪ǻӶȥˡ
ҽ̫ˡ֮˵أԭġѵŹۼڵ֮壬ܹɣҲϣ
˼ţȲҪäĿжһ֮Чİ취
ûãһдԼǵ˵ɵˣȻǰΪʱʶ̽顣
Ϊżߣʶ̽ԶʤͨˣǾżʱȻǾʹʶ̽飬ɽ磬ȴϰʹʶ̽飬ǡط޷ʹʶ̽飬Ҳ
żߵֹ̽Ȼ̽飬вɰϲ̽ķΧҲǺԶȴ㹻ˡ
ðԨˤ˸ĶԷ׷ɱǱһҶ֮Уڰ֮أصĵطʵǲĺõط
Ҷ֮УмϲǣϲԼڿԲˣǵҪ˵£ҲңԶĳһڰ֮ء
ûʱӱǰнŲд󾪣æסǣǽŲԶûӵᵽɤۣΨֻᱻԷ֡
׻˭أôʱ
Ӳδ뵽뵽Ԩ֮صš
ӣĵطҰˣҲù˰ɣ
ٺЦ
ʲô㣿
Ӿеôû뵽׷ɱ벻ҵԼ
ⲻܣڰ֮أôҵҵģ
ʵ˫Ѿ߬ȭͷ׼һս
ڰԨ֪Ҳ޷ʹˣеǴŽΪƴһսϣ
ɽĿӣͲ֪λá
ôȭͷôѵ뷴
Ц
ôܿõ
ӵһܿϮ
ѽ˷ҵʱ䡣أøһۣ
˵꣬ȥһȭߣܹ̽ӵλãǻӺܿ챻ͷת򣬿֮
֮ŻӳԨ֮ȥѾһԨ֮⣬ŻӻûָٶɱȻ֮塣
Ԩ֮⣬ɷ˲˼ΪǿķһֻӬ뿿Ԩ֮أˣֺ󣬸õĻ˴š
ӵصԨ֮ĵϣˤ˸߻أɵôû뵽ôٶȽץһʱ侹ǿˡ
ٶȱ仯屾壬һΣȴ͵屾壬ı廹С֮һڻǻӵѾֱӱ
һŽɫ֮ǰ֮岢ߣΪӻûüָѾɱˡ
ǧĻ潫֣֮Ŀ£ɢǿĻ潣Ծ˵ٶȷֽӵ֮塣
ģУûƬ̣ѾʧӰ٣ǿ֮ΪٿƬڴ֮屾彫֮븹УȻ׼ʼڲɡ
Ͼǵۼڵ֮壬ˣҲòһСĲⷴɣǺֲ̫ˡ
ǻ
³ĸ֣ȻڿУ˫Ŀգʼɻ֮е
˿Ŀɿڴ֮壬Ⲣϡ棬ǣɵۼֵ֮壬ɾֲ̫ˣοǿԽɡ
츳̫ǿˣܼܼ
ɷˣ˵
˸鲻ͬȴо𺳣һĻֻԺǻ˵ļ
ûʱˣһһж޷ͷֻԽչˣۼڵ֮壬쳣ǿˣ屾ʩչ֮
֮ɷ˿вɰطƺɵۡ
ɷƣˣ֮˸޷̽鵽ڽ֮УȴԷ̽
磬ǸˣεĿ𣿡
ŮָŽ֮˵
ɵѾЩˣΪ˰ɱĿ꣬ѾһˣԷȴΪŵųȥ֮˱ǲʲ塣
ͬʱһŭĶŽ֮⡣
ɷƿ˵һһ߹ȥʵʲôǸ˭
ɵ۵£Ϻ꣬ΪսթҪͳαɽ磡ҵǰɱȴƭ壬ΪѾһˡϴȣŽΪʷ
ɷߺ޵˵
ɷûŵţΪԨ֮ãʱԽ֮ԣɫҲһݣɢǿҵɱ⡣
ӵʲôΪ
ɷʵ
鱨ӦǵۼΪ
ʵ˵
ǣֻж˴ﵽ˵ۼڣˣӦֻǵۼڵΪƾˣҲɱۼڵĸ֣ѵѰ·ģ
ɷҡҡͷ˵
ɽԲܱռݣҵˣͬС죬Щˣĺҵˡǵֽĸ֣һͳαɽ磬ɽ罫Ѫɺӣ˽ᱻɱҵȾ֪ʵãȴҲĿǰռɽ硣
ҧ˵
ôĿƾҲռɽ磬ұɽûۼڸ𣿡
ɷ
ɷǰֻɵɳĵһ˵죬Ҫռݻأ̽ɽķӦʱԽɽԽΣӡǰСǣɵۺųɽһˣԣһԮǴĵۼ֡


1831 ƴ
ë
ŶԭˣǣһˣǼôԸ
ɷʵ
ɷǰɱ֣ɽĶɱŶӡܹɱɵһġۼڲǴ޵УҪϮһڽ£кܴĻɱ塣һ屻ɱǻĹ֮壬ã֮󽵣Ϊ˼磬֮󣬾пˡ
˵Լ뷨ֻΪɷѾЧ˵ЩҲ޷
ɷ͵һƺ뵽˺ܾǰһ飬ʱиɱţԽɱ
Ϊɱ֯Ȼй֮ѾǵĴɱΧ֮ˣͻϮɱƺҲԵֵ
ɷЦ˺һξ롣
ɵۣɱŵľ룬ΪɱʵһּΪˣԶԶһΣյĶࡣ
ڸǻᣬжٰɱ
ɷʵ
ǰ£ǴɱĿԼûУΪѾսףϮҲ޷ɱ壡
ɿЦҲûлᣬֻǲ뽫ȫܶй¶
ɷͷȻȻ۲ЩжôеĳޣЩӰ쵽ִ˵Ҳ֪ͷҵӦԴΪءԣ˭Ҳǵõ۵
ɿЦĵͷʱֻҪȥˣֻҲֻѰ·
λս׼һ˵ôƣҵȽƴһս
ɷȻ
ǰ֮
˷׷׵ͷӦŵϾɷǺڸ֣Ҳǳ֮ĵһˣԻ
ʵһУɷڶѽȵģʱҲܶԷʲôˣԼһʵԲӦԷĹ
ɷΪһ̩ɽʱȴֶԷȻʼˣĿԼõĽơ

ɷ׼ȥԷһսȴ˷׷Ȱ棬Ǳ㰴סеĳ嶯ԭع
ɷǰһлǵ˽˵ڣû˻Ὣҵô
ŵ˵жʵױȵš
֮ǾƾʩΪһƣٳҲ٣
ɷЦ˵
ʱɷõĽȴ˾ҵŵɷһû뵽ԼõĽƣҲϮ
ҪУԷҪͬΪݽƵƻ̶ȣɷֶԷʵԼҪǿĶࡣ
ûãɷõľȻ֣ȴӰ֮Уʱɷͬʱɽ
ߺˣ
ɷȵվ֮ǰ
ףԨ֮أȻܻųЩ˵Ҳ̫Ӳ˰ɣ
һ˾
㲻˵ֻжˣΪλôɵۣ
һ˵սס˶ɫս֮Уȴɳƴ̶
ǰֻܵϢɱǰ͵ϮΪʲô˶ɵۣһ֪
˹˵ϴĵЦ⡣
ɷһԷѾǵۼɵۣȻڳһΪǰ˵һ˵ΪΪǿ
ˣҪɱ㣡
ɷŭĺʱѾʧȥΪɱֵ侲ϾѾԼǰŵҲͬʱŭĿӡ
ƾ⼸ɱ֣ҲԽɱۣʵ̫Цˣ
˹Цûŵ˷С
ԭǾˣɷͶţż
ɷ˫ĶžˣֻԸˣûκ⣬ֻǣ֮ȴԵ̫ˡ
ȻǴ˵еɷܾûϢˣû뵽ȴ֡ЩˣǴӺδðģ
Ц˵Ϊ֮ˣԼһζǰġ
ۼڶѣҲڱǰЩǹ˳ۣۿһ뱾ԣ۶ɱǡ
ɳƵ˵
ɷʱȴͬʱ֮ΪԶɢһɽɫâڽɫâ֮УһͷδСĽɫ塣
ǰʲô
˾ȵʵʮֺ棬ôܻ˳أ
Ȼˡ
˷ܵĺһѾȥ
ػˣ
ɷ׼͵ĳˣҪΪ
ͬʱˣ˶ɵһɽһˣȱܿ˵Ĺ
ʮɵ֣ۼɵۣʮۼɵۣһǵۼɵۣҲԲСơ
ɷĶȴ࣬ΪѾٶȳʱȴâһ˾Ȼâɳȥ
ɶ񣡡
û뵽ĻâԽûɱ򣬵Լֻܵķˡ
ɱˣȹɷһأ
ɷŭֳɽ
ߣѰ·


1832 ɱۼ
ȵһնɷɷɽӭȴһҽУɷʮɣҪԨ֮С
ΪɷǰʱȴɷԴ󷢣Ȼ˻ĳԽˡ

ҲЩˣЦĹԷ
ʱʮɵҲ뾮սһţ֮Ȼȡ˼ΪԵƣ˸޷濹⡣
аԽп࣬ԼȻռΪϵƣɶЩҲǷ֮ۼڵɵۣ֮ƼΪǿʮɵ۵Ľþ˽ڽڰˡ
ȻĹ˼ȴɱŵˣΪɱ֣ʵԶΪô򵥣ԣֻܱսˡ
ȻȴռƣΪչɷǿ٣ɷƴȫҲס˵Ĺơ
ס֣򣬱۾ʩչ֮Աͬھ
ɷ֪ԼǶ֣ǼսȥпܻڶԷУǱ㿪ʼ֮Աв
ǹǵһ㣬ͳ״ɷˣʱ޺޵ĺʮɣƵ˵ûʱÿ۵ǲɱ㣡ִԲ򣬱Ϊ۾޷Ը֮塣
ѾЧûбѵĵɱǾʹӱ۵ʬ̤ȥ
ɷЦʱѾ֮⣬սȻ֪ҲԲһս
ãȻҪǱ۾ͳȫ㣡
ȻһЦһӣһɫˮƾնЩˮһڿУʱγǿ
ҵ֮壬ߣɷǺǵģ
ɷŭһ徹Ȼһž֮ԭߴһҲǣ˵ѹ
Ҫսپɷǿ֮ȻӲĽԷסˣԽżȻԽżսȴԽơ
ܴܱۣ۲ϧȼ֮壬ҲԲܣ
ɷһݣֱӿʼȼ֮壬ǣѾڶԷ֮¡
һʲôϵôأ
κˣǶԷȼ֮壬ԼɲӲƴȥֻҪһʱ䣬Էؽ
ɷγ֪Է⣬ֻʱ޷İΣǱǰƾ֮ȼա
ɷĹУԼ֮ȼգڲս£ٿԳϼ죬Ҳ⼸ʱ䣬ѾԼļˡ
ˣɷһϣ֮
ɷһݣȻȻͬһػ
˵к޵ģɷһѹǱɵۣʱþɷԼٳûɱ
Сģ
ɷѵ
СʲôãĻǻģ
˹ЦһѾһɵۡ
ڴʱŵͬʱˣһ˾ȻˣȻȵĶŵˡ
ȻΪɱ֣Ȼܽȫӣһӵһɵ۾Բеǿ󱬷
ɷаޣҲСˡ
ڴʱͻȻɢһâʱɾȻˣֻϧǿʱֻ»δܽᱻԷɱ
ߣڱǰŶûУ
ЦʱѾΪͷвֻ»ɷΪ
˵ֻʱҲֻܼоԽȴʮֵıԭǼ£ֻϧʱЩͷ
Ц׼Ϯɱɣȴһȴ㵨Ѱ˵أǾͲҪˣڴˣ
ã
˴һû뵽ѾˣʵԼһƴԼûлɱˡ
̫ˣˣ
ɷϲȼ֮壬ܵɣ͵һѪ
ɷΪˣ
Ѿα壬ڿлӹɷ̸оΪ֮һһǿŹֵڣڴ֮ԼѸٵȬ
ɷлȣ
ɷϹϾ˵
˹бڴˣǻܷ첻ɣ
赭д˵ƺ֮ǰΪˣȴȻ˲Һӡ
˱ܵĺˣпЦһ޷ɱˣǴǧѷĻᡣ
ǰ˭Ϊţ
ɻʵ֮ǰδԲ׼˭
죡
ǽɵĽѾɱˣԼ뿪Ϊ
ãһΣûôõˡ
Ѿ׼ˣȻ˵³滰
Ӵڵĸ֣ô˱֮󣬾ͬɥ֮ȮأѾη屾ۣſ־ɣ

ߣ˭˭һأ壬ʲô˲ġһΣûɱ㣬ѵ־𣿡
˰ӣȲˡ
һΣܵģˣȴûسŵС˶ѣۼˡô㻹뱾һս
΢Ц˵Ѿһտ¶Է


1833 ɽ
Цķ۶ȡˣ˭Ӯأưɣķڣ鱾ˣ
˵ļ죬Ѫɫȥа졣
ϻ˵뱾һսɣ
̤ǰ޾⡣
ѵα뱾ս
˲м˵
Σ
Ƶ

˷ŭһնüͷûһ£ƾǽϮ壬ȴûоκεʹС
һ֣ȴ˶ˣֱԵڸֵһȻ㶼㣬ȻҲЩɻ󣬶Էķƺ֮ǰΪǿˡ
ಣ
Ǳ仯屾壬˻ڷʱѾʩչ˲֮
˴󾪣Ȼ޷̽˲ƹ켣ʱҲѾ˲ʧˡ
ǰ֮أһڻڷ֮ϣʱĿˡ
챻ǻһ磬Ѫɫâ˲ʧһ룬ʱط죬ǣȴڻ棬ѾָԭеĽɫ
ɣ
ŭò׶ȡǿķʱȴѾԷɶء
ץУȻЦˣʱ򣬾ԱԼҲ޾
ಣ
ڶ˲ƣ˻˲ܣΪгԲ͸ʲôĽֶΣϴαץצе龰ĿǲٷͬĴ

˷Ŀ꾹Լʱгһһն
ͲܣֱٶȽǾץ֮С
ץסƴɽǣκζԷķ̫ǿˣĽûκεЧ
һжѣԭǿĵۼڸȴѾãƺûκεķ֮ɷ˸о
̫ƻˣ
˾δʱﻹȥȾˣѾ˵ˡ
ǰҰ
ȵ
͵ķǾеɽڵأǴһըνսѾķѣǱץһࡣ
ıץ֮壬Ǿ˸оƣֲĵطв֮ԱʱͻȻܱȫǻ档
죬Ϊ㣬ʩչ֮Ա
˴ѵ
ǲԸȴǲܣѾıĿʼģʱȴ˵֮һڡ
ǿۼڸֵ֮壬˶ëȻһν֮븹кȴûĶˡ
ÿֲôģ
о֣ʹʶ̽ŷֶԷȻѾɵۺڡ
㣬Ŷ̶̼£㾹ȻѾɵۺڣ
ָ˵
Σ
˵֮䣬ѾС
Σգ
һӶݣʱѾ˷֮У˲䳯Զ׷ȥ
ߺ˻Ǵ۵СۣһŸղŷһлġ
ôǿˣҵȵʵ̫ˡ˵츳ΪһԳΪɽλҵһҪŬȡսһ£
ɷĪ˵һҲ֮ǰ˵Ļˡ
Ŭһ£
˶
ӣǺ׷ǣʱΪϷٶȣô׷أ
Ҫ׷ʱȴѾʧڿУԼҲʧȥϢѾµʹ
ˣһɥ֮ԣûʲô׷ġһΣУɣ
룬ҲʹȻȻء
ȴǶţһҶжĸо˿־壬ǿ־壬Ѱ˼뿪ɽˣһԷΪԼֻ·һ
غ󣬽ҲѾɣڳΪ˵ۼڵĸ֣ʵȻǣɷ֮¡
ɷһսҲ᲻£ǣý͵Ϯֻ֣ɷҲһ
ɷ֮ǰ㲻ӽɣڸˣΪԷԼһʮΣյĸо෴ߣɷоκΣա
ƿȫ£һ׺Ц⣬治֣ԣҲõγ⡣
񣬱۾Ƿֳɶ֣һɷָӣһɽָӣ֣һ߰ˣô飬Ƕ־

ͬʱŵȻ㿪ʼ֣ɱűˣˣպðˣ˷ɷһߡ
һ˫һۼڸ֣ۼڸ֣ۼɵۣȥʵѾƽˣȴΪһʵǿһ㡣
ڴ֮˼ɽȣһͬʲôųڱɽ磬ȺȺ£˲֡
ʼձųĬʦ˺ܶˣջǾȡһԪڣϾԼ½һԪڷģɽһԪڵͬԼһԪɽ磬ҲǶɵһֱ
һԪڣ
һһã˼Ѿˡ
ţȻɣҾͲˣԷΪһԪ
ҲЦ˵
ϴǵϴĪ˭Ҿš˭Դ
ɷٺЦ
ԣɷ˵Ķԣϴ֮˭ҷԣѰ·
Ҳڵ
񣬶Ѿֱ쵼ˣҲȨ·ŸˣϾҪԼһʵ̫鷳ˡ
һԪλϣɷɣȻڳ֮ûۼΪ֮˵ΣʣµΪڹ϶£ϹȻǹΪ֣ΪųϣɷΪųϡҲ˵һԪһΪڱɽ磬ҲǶĶţȻ֮໥Э
Уڸҿȱ֮λҲȱһȱһִ¿ȱҪøλҪŬȥȡߣΪһӣеۼˮ׼ɸеְ񣬻ϣһʵְλģλҪõ˼ˡ
һԪڸոճһĿһͳɽ磬Ŀ꣬ǿʲô뷨Ը˵˵
һҲûԥʵѾȨϡ
һϲɫɷˣҲоΣϾһɵָۣоǺܲġ
˷׷ҲһԪĿǰƺ׷ͷ£Щ뿪Լܻĺܲҡ
ɽų֮磬棬ڶɣɵҲδܽɽһͳ˵ɽԻ
һ뵽Щڵĸ֣Щͷʹڸ֣һԪ֮˺ܻܿᱻȫ𣬶ԼĿǰΪƺһЩǿߵĶ֡
һͳɽأЩһɵɱȥƺҲǸ취ǣƾʲôһͳɽ磿
ţҲ۷׷ף˲⣬ǣЩⶼô
λϺڣ
⣬Ȼȵ
Ѫɷȴ
ͬʱ˵
ʱ䣬ɽǿʮɷǵǰڲ˱ɽʮɡ
Ȼ˵
ȴǾޱȣû뵽Ȼ´˲ܵʮɵӣôһأ
Ϊ˴һԪڵνķֻһֶΣҲȫһӣҪɽǿһԪҪˡ֮飬Ϊ˼ɣ޷ڱɽ㣿
ǲԳ棬УЩӣǾڴ˵ҵһ飬ǿԾѵսͬսԽս֮ıԣ֮ս췽ʽº󣬺ܶȱְλҹһȡǵʵãطǵˣǿʼѵɣ
˵꣬˵۾ˣһ޲ھͿս
ɽ֮У֮㣬ϸԴռһطǣɽеսѸٵĿʼˡ
˰ٺ֮֮ƣһûܴΨһҪĵıǵڵĸִ롣
ȻĹ۲ǸɽѪ϶ӵԶԶģЩ죬ǲǰµʱ䣬Ӧòʲô⡣
£Ϊһͳɽ㲻Цˣʱ䣬Ҳȥᱱɽĸ֡
аȻ뿪ɽȡ
ڱɽֲѾ˽⣬룬ȥһ±ɽһɣɣڱɽ꣬Ȼһĵġ
ԹƣǸһеڵĸ֣ĸ֣һᣬڸսԼΪҲչܿ죬ỹлԽɵ˵֮壬ǽǸĽʽ
츳ҪⲢ£ӵۼΪڣܿ£ֻҪлɼڼˣͺпܽڡ
ڻһɵۺڵ֮壬ͬɵ۵֮壬ҲԻ൱һԼĪɸʮҲϣ
ȻֻеһƲ⣬ְ취֮⣬ɸַ֮ебɽն֮أɽе
֮ѡʽǶֶģĻսȥѰҶ֡
ɽΪٶѾֹˣǺᴩɽ磬ķѵʱҲǰࡣ
ɽһɣڤڣڱɽһֱųƵһɣڱɽ磬Ȼ
ֱڤڣһ·ϵҲûʲôƣϾʵɽ綼УˣԳɽ硣
ھ뱱ɽ֮أһɳ֮⣬ʱһһȺսһš
ڿʱѾ仯òΪѾ˴޽ɳڣǡôĽڽ֮⡣
޽ɺ֮˲õ͸ƣ֮йоˣж֣˽Ǵ޽ɺΪˣȫǴ޽ΪһǴ޽Ϊİˡ
в˹սǲ٣мʮˣΪһˣۡ
ͬʱͬһˣս濴Ӧһ浹֮ƣȻǰ֮ȴһһˣȻ˿·硣
ûãʦѾˣѾﵽ˴޽Ϊأ޽ɺڣҲֻ顣


1834 żս
аҲ֪ΪʲôᱻΧҲ֪ԭΪӲһǷǵˣô˴һôӦǶԷġ
ֻҪһ񣬱ԽЩȫɱǲӰӵ
һ˶ˣȴֹĻᣬ˵Ŀ϶ܣÿһƣӦ
ȻӱʵսˣȴƴȫҲ޷ӡ
ʱͻȻֳ֮ϣһĶԼ˵ƺЩϤһʱ֮벻
һɫĳۣĿݣһ˫۾ȴǇڳ֮ϣԵʮְ䡣
ΧߣмʮˣΪʲôҿΣ
ʹʶ̽飬һ̽£ֶԷҲֻд޽ɳڵΪȻԼ̽飬Էƺˣ徹ȻĲһ¡
һΪԲϿô򵥣Ϊп֮ܲ£
аɶԷӵеڵΪ
ЩµĿУԱɽľ󲿷ֳĵۼֶһ˽⣬ȴ֮ϵˣԽԾΪԷĳ֡
ô˸ߵվڳ֮ϣƺ˵ȥ˼һǿĶ֡
һȻٿˣע֮еս
֮Ҳʮ𾪣ʱҲ˽֮УѾڲ֮أжˣε¡
޽ɺڵ˶һۣ˶ӶԷп˾ŭɵ˴һȴ˵𾪡
ӵѹǲС֮⣬ƣԼ˵˼仰˱ҪɱԼ֮󣬱һȺΧ
ӵĵԶһһŮֻƾоǶ˵ΪԶԶǿԼӲ̽飬ֵĶԷ𼶱ĸ֣Լֻ·һ
ʱƣٶȻˣʱ˳֮֮⣬Ͻ˺ۣǼսȥ˱ɱ壬ѡ
˶ѡ˺ˣΪ˭Ҳ뱻ɱ壬ΪǶ˵ĴڣҲҼǰ
λʦǳɱɣ
һŮӼǿȻǳӵĿͷʮֵĲġ
ǰλʦǵɵɨأλʦǱѩޣ
һҲ˵
һȺôķ˾Ȼ򲻹һͬˡ
вνЩ˶ĿŵǴȥֻ³ڻΪһЦ
ڹȻ鴫˴һˣȻ
˿Ц
ǰڵĶǷЦˣ
һҲӲ
Χ۷׷ףУʵ˲ŸҷԣЩʵõҲ¶һЦȻֱԣЦЦҲʲô⡣
Уɫ࣬˵ļ˻涪ˣǣѵ֮ˣɾͲ̫ʵˡ
˲޽ɺڣȥ𼶱ĸ֣Щ˵ĲҰɴ̼Ŷˡ
аãȭλǰ²ǹΪѣʵǵЩ̫²òϣλǰҪֶԸ£Ϊ˵顣
Ц˳ڣ˵ҵ֮¡㣬һ˳ڣ㽫ĺܲңɽԲ߳ơ
ȻӵĻ
ҲЩƣԼһ˴ɽ磬һֱСǣԼԼҲûа취ܿ
ǰֶԸ£ѵÿɳʵ˵ɻδڷֻǲţҲţңŵĸ֣󲻵
ԷһвȻϽķ
вҵȣʦ֣˵ǲӻˣȻвڡ
ŮЦӵвʮֲм
ԣȴҲСӣԷ츳ǿҲиʵǿĺš
СĽԭǿаסеŭȻв֪Ժɣɣ
ӣԡһԪڡ
ӱвһȴ֪˵ʲôɵĺãԼɽֻ˺ɽˣǣǺɽֻ¶Ѿˡοڴ˵رɽ˵ţֻ»ĸ졣
һԪڣʲôţɴδ˵
ӳ˼Ƿ˵š
ʦ֣㲻ˣɽĴţҶǵһһԪڣҴδҲֻһСɣҲСɶ̸ϣܣɵɣ
Ůӳ
ӣп𼶱ĸ֣
Ӽʵ
ȻУͽܶѾﵽۼΪ
ӴһʱЩˣԼĻ٣ǣԷôأ

˶ЦΧҲ׷׷Ц⣬ֻΪӵĻ˵̫ˣƾڵΪû˻ĵӻеۼΪ
ۼΪǿɲǿЦģˣڱɽ磬ɽ綼ϡٵģһţӵеۼ֣Ҳɣˡ


1835 ǿս
ߣ㵱ɵϣ㲻޽Ϊͽܻǵۼֱ֣ǺãȻûʲôǱɽ㣡
Ѿö⣬ɱ˴ˣΪһ档
ӳ˿ЦǿЦԼ̫עˣһ˵Լκκôֻ¾˵֮ԷҲû˵
ֻܾһսˡԽսѰ
ɽһѾļսˡ

Ϊǿֱʹ˲ƹҪһɱӡ
ʱǳ֮ϵƺЩվסˣоȻ֮ɫȵס֣˭Ҷ뱾ΪС
ӿܿ˶Է˲ƹϵս׻ǱϮϣˡ
ҲܵӰ죬ͷȥˣȴһۣݵվڳ֮ϡ
ȻǴ޽ɳڣ
֮̽Ǳһ˿Ц
û뵽˻ỤԼǸмĶ˵ͷ
ಣ
֮˷һ˲˽֮У⵹˶һ޽ɺ˲õĽƣȻԷ˲˵ԷΪǿ
ãΪΪҵ֮ϡ
һͻֻý쵹ùˣԵ޹ʵĵһ֣ɲʲô¡
³׻֪Ѹմ
ӹֵ
ߣսһԪڡ
˵Ļȴͬʱһ
ȥ֪˭ˣһӦȣȻ˭Գս񣡡
Ѿ¶Ц⣬û뵽ȡ
һʱ֮ȴûףֻεЦЦֵӼս񣬶лս
ŮӼɽָȵˣȻҶ£Ҫɾͳȫ㣡
ס֣򲻿ɣ
׻и侲һ㣬ʱҲ֪ȵʵжǿǣԷɵĴ֮УԲԼԶԸġ
飬ᡣڵĵΪС·ִҲѵһ١飬»СС»ޣ֪λô
׻Ц˵Ůӿʼ⣬ɺܿԭǱ˵ĵȻίҲڴʱ෢һԡ
΢΢һЦȴȣսǰɣ
ãҿǣǰҳܲ𣡺ٺ٣
ЦЩΣкɣȴô벻Է˭
ȴӦʱȴ֮˵Ҫͽ⣬ɾԲͬ⣡
ಣ
ĳ˽֮У˶Ŀɿڴû뵽ֶһ֡
һݣֱаԷȻԼԣҪ֪ʹﵽ˵ۼΪѾﵽ˵Ϊ֮ǰѾ̽ۼΪ
ĸоʱҲԼʶ֮ˣȴô벻˭ɳΪԲǱô򵥡
ʦѾ˭ˣҼǵ㣬ȣֵܡ
ȸû΢ЦĶ˵
ȣս񣡡
͵һԴҲǷʧ̬˵ԭ㰡ȣû뵽ǻɽ棬̫ˡ
ǰܾòˣʦȻѾ˱ɽ磬ܼʦȻ˷ܰ
Ҳϲ˵ԭ˭ȴʮֵʦȻҲȱȽкø֮ˡ
ƺΪʦҲ͸ʦ˵˵Ĺȥ
˺޹˼ɵ죬⵹óʮֵô벻ͻĸ֣ӵʦ
Ĺ˰ɣڴˣѵǿɡǸʲôսųڣɵǲôб£뱾һս
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սɱɶԸǸӣ޷񣬱ɾԻ𡣡
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Ȳм˵ǲܵ˺
Ӷֻһۣжʱйĸоָоɽ֮ʱơ
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ЩʧţԺͻȻһӰʱȻҲ¶˷ܵЦ⡣
֪˭ˣʦսҲûϳ˭Ȼϳˡ
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ȣȥԸһҪСģЩڵļһͽԸǶ޽ɺڵˣģаմǡ
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Խսˣӵ츳ôǿЩɣһ뵽ʦǱͷʦҲҪСģȥԸ֪ļһ
սб¾͸
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Ҳֱ˲׷ȥֻ֮ʣԭеˡ
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ȥɣ
Ůͬʱ͵һ𣬾Ȼٽӭ֮˱չһ
δԶΪҲӵİΣȺγͬ˼ڸ߿֮Уע·ս
ս֮սɱ⣬۱ȽϹעⳡսǷֳʤپһս
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һҲãˣ䶨ˡ
װ̾ϢȴڰЦ
Ƿʦ츳̫ǿˣܺãȻԽս֣̫ˡ
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ףʦôŴ޽ΪΪƺԶԶʦ
˵
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֮˳˽ƣһǱҲľ棬ٵˡ
Ӵ˶ԷҲ˲شۣû˳û͵ϮԣӲлѸ뿪
Ҳ֪ȥˣţذ
аʱֻһطˣ飬Ժ˵
ʦȻ
˷ܵЦ
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һȲɵɴ۾ڻȻ򣺡
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ˡ
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ڿһܱòŷֿ
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ۼڵΪˣϧ㻹ѷһѾﵽΪˣ
Ц
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ŵЦ
ҲãҲį޶ְˣǾһ¡
ͷȻһ˵ɽ֮ء
Ȳ½ƺ󣬶ڿγ˶š
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屾ٹЩ꣬ԶԸʱȻһİյġ
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ĺã
ǰӭϣ¡һǽƤ汬ըˡ
ۣ
аԽеϮϵĵطҵʹû뵽ȵĽȻ˹Ź֣ƺһĵڸַĽΪͬ
ٺ٣ǿأϵ˻һ죬ԣҵĽҲ˸ĽѾᵽˡ
ȺٺЦ
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͵նһ屾ʵȫĽǷͬСɡ
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ô
͵ĳȣֱԱײȵ壬ȴЦܣȻ͵ĴӺˣɽͬʱα塣
ಣ
͵ҧʹβһпԲˬ
׷ͻȻ˶Էβ͵ĳ齫зһϲֱֻͬʱɽԴϵͬʱȻ͵ӭĹ
ӲӲ֣䲻ķԷٵӭս֪㳷ҲѾ̫ˣӲͷƤ˹
䣡
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ȵɽȫβ֮УǸ֮УƴĹȵɽҲ̵ܴ֮
ȻҲܵ˾ϴ񣬾ҲβγɵǿͬһƤ㣬Ǿβɳȥ
ȱ˸ͷתţǴҲʹȻʹɽ˶Է֮УȴҲܵ˾ˣɵͬʱͬʱѪ
ʹ飬βʮ˿ڣеĵط㱻֮Щֻˣ屾ͿԶָƣǳ֮ᣬЩƺܿͿԻָ
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ȵ˫ٴζʱҲȬˣҲû뵽ԷĻָԼ֮¡
屾壬̫ǿҲӲƴ壬򣬳ԿĻԼ
а
һ֮£ָҲʮǿ󣬿ҪƺЩܡ
ҲЩȣԼԭеƣ˶ԷǰȴͬͳͳɥʧˣҪٶûٶȣҪûΪҲڶԷ
ҲӵеΪпռƣֻΪһؼڣ屾壬ҲԴȡ
޷սʤңɣ֪ͷ۵
˵󣬾Ȼɽȫջأ׼ƾȭͷ
룬ɽҲûʲôƣҲɽջأЩͬʱΪȭͷоŸȭͷǱȻȭͷ
ڴ֮һ徹ȻĿʼ仯СδСβ͸࣬徹Ȼڿֱƣȴֻ屾塣

Ҳˣ⻹ǵһογɲ˲ģ츳Ҳ̫Źˡ
ȻҲˣڱ仯󣬷ΪǿǾֻȫΪȭͷҲ㹻ǷݣҲв֮һ
սһ֡
Ц
ˡ
ŸȭͷĿ֨죬ܿЭһ£̬ȥɸ߱ơ
ಣ
ȷҲ޾ĳȥڿнײһʱ䣬ȵͷͬʱľŸȭͷҲͬʱ
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һսƴĲʵս뷴Ӧ£˶ȭͷ˸Խ䷢ӵ۷״̬
ΪҪϲ٣츳ȴԲ֮£屾Ҫǿȵı壬ˣȭͷֻ΢ѷɫûдȫ֮С
һĹģ˵ȭͷʼͻƶԷķݺݵĹڶԷ֮ϡ
սемңҲʮóսˣ˶ĳһʱ֮ҲԷֳʤ
ʱ֮ڶܱ߽ѪǶ屻ҳѪĹУ֮ܲˣȵͷͬҲԳܡ
ֳ˰ʱֻʹ޷ݣԷȭͷȻԼȻѾмܲסϵǷȱ⣬ٶҲȵĽࡣ
ΪҪԶԶǿڵۼڣ֮ǰұʵڣս֮ʱ
ȺٺЦһǸѧģʵȻһ
д󾪣³çѾѶԸһǻ۵ȣǿǸѶԸˣƣӦʱͻȻ䷢ȵͷ۾Ȼʧˣȡ֮һֱۣһֻȭͷ
ã
ãֻȭͷͬʱȣʱȾȻʹ˲֮
һȭ֮
ȴȴһٴγǰֻȭͷ͵ĺؿ֮
ҪȭֵȴԵ̫ˣֻҧӲһȭ
һһȭʵ̫ˣȻ˲ͻһȭֱӶؿڡ
һȭ֮УһڽɫѪȵĹԶԶûнֻȭͷԼǰпܹᴩ塣
ǱԷᴩ壬㲻ɱҲˣʱľŸȭͷͬʱȵ塣
ѡӲֵȭͷڼǰȭͷ֮⣬ǿľʼѣֱڲըȭҲ޷Ե
οľŸȭͷͬʱĹȻ޷ȵķʱԽΣΪһս֮УȫԸġ
Ѿо鼱֮£͵һҧ˶Էֱۡ
һҽдȵֱۼֱһ̵͵ȭͷջأţڽˡ
صˤ棬ؿڴѾһƬѪģôصƣһʱ֮Ǻѻָġ
ȵİֱۼҧɫ֮ҲԵЩ֣а̾գǱһҧֱۣȾԻʧأΪȫֱ֮С


1836 һϢ
ңѾش͸ˣ⻹ͱȽС״̬£ǻָı״̬ؿڵƾ;һȭͷôˡ
οȵȭͷʮֵĹŹ֣γ˸ΪֲľĹֱӵˣΪûеˣսȴҪࡣ
Ȼָ˶ֱۣɫԵЩ԰ףǣȻȵڿУʱѾ߱˾޴ƣǼսȥҲֻķݡ
ಣ
˷죬嶼˷֮УΪ˷ȼ
Ѿ˵ˣڲҵĶ֣𣿡
Ц˵սʤʮֵгɾ͸С
ҳΪҪǿһⳡս֮УҲռƣڷ֮УҺΣ
ǺЦвòΪսǿʵ
ãȻ㲻䣬Ǿͱֵˣ
ȶŷ죬¶һصЦ⡣
֮Уʹǳ֮ȫٵĻָƣһ˵̫أһʱ֮Ҳ޷ȫȬ
ȵĻûϣԼѾ֮УѾڲ֮أԼΡ
ȹЦһֱӳ˷죬аˣûܣе뿴ܽΡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ԼȻ֮壬ȼ䣬һӰԼǰ
ȣôܻ
󾪣ΪԼ˻þΪӦǲͻƷķ
ҵı壬ǻӰôһս˭Ӯˣ
ȺٺЦֻ䣬Լƹ
ȡ֮ˣ֮ǰѾ֪Լȣ죬ҲֻǾԼôңȾȻ׷˷֮Уֻʲô˵
ȵǿ󣬾ԶݵģֻܹԼΪչ̫ˣǶ߱ΪôܴԼ
ðɣȣӮˡ
ͷ˵лоЩֵֹģǰɴδȣһˣѵζԺԶ
Ӯ㣬ڣóƺ˰ɣ
˷ܵЦȻǺܿⳡʤ
ȿһᣬЦţ硣
ʮĵһۣû뵽ȻƺԼţ磬ƺЩ졣
ҵġţ磡
֪ȵıǶۺ壬ǽǣͺţƺţΪ
Ųţҽ㣡
ȹŭ˵
ţ磬ѵ𰡣
ٺЦҪ֪ȿԼΪ˵ģֻҪԼһҪɱͲѴ֮

ͬʱЦһսӮӰ˵ֵꡣ
ñط꣬ⲻ໰˵̸ʱ䣬˶ûܽЩĹ½꣬ʱ䣬ڶˣȴһת֮䡣
˵˶Ȼû뵽Ϊչ֮죬γû뵽ѾﵽΪ
ȣۼΪʲô𣿵ַΪٲأ
ʵбȽϹ⡣
ܴ󣬾ͺñ֮սֻеۼڣһսԲ䡣ΪΪռƣԲܶսγơڵڵĲΣһֻж㣬һǵڣڶαǵڣһﵽڣҳԽڵΪǾζӵ
Ȼش
ԭˣΪǵڰɣ
ͷ˵аϲڴˣԼԽ⿪еĺܶɻˡ
ȻѾﵽΪֻҪһбԴ㡣֪ɽ绹˴ﵽ˵Ϊ˲ֻ֪࣬жˣɽ磬ĸֶᳬʮˡ
Ȼ˵
Ƕˣһɵۣ
һæʵ
˵ûɵǵڸ֣Ѿˡ
ȵıԵЩȻˡ
ˣ
Ѿµ˽лʮֵľȣҪ֪ȿս񰡣ԼĶ֣˵ɵ۱ԼĶࣿ
ǵûУֻռƣȴҲ޷ɱҡһΣѾа취Ը֮ˡ
ȵгһǿҵĺ⡣
ˣ³˿
ɲӣû
磬⻰˵⡣ǵڵĸ֣ҲӵеڵΪңһôûСֻһˣļۼȴĺܲҡУԴһ֮רɱɵ۵£ɵϵģѾʮˡ
ȺٺЦ˻һɵǿˣȡ
˼û뵽ǵɽ֮ãȴͬһ£ǸɵۣҴӦһҪɱͱͷˡ
Ц˵
ɵһˣ㹻ͷʹˣû뵽㣬ҲͷˡһΪﵽڣɱɵֱۣ練ơȻҿɲŹλᣬǰﵽڵΪɵ۵ͷҵġ
ȿЦȻΪ֮ǰﵽڵΪ
ãսһûǰɵ۵ͷҵˡУһҪǰڣҪôһֱһ𣬽ȥԸɵۡ


1837 ɽͨ
гţȻŵЦЦȣδػ֮ǰڡˣһڸ˭
Ԫɵۣ
һһٵ˵
ôҲг𣿡
аɵۣԼԪɵ۵ĸоʮֵĸӣֲǵѡ
ɵ̵ΪԼӦýѣĽǶȿǣԼõĵˡ
㡣
Ȼ˵
֪֮ǰȴûб֣ʱΪͣȥðԡ
ͷ˵
ʱҲ㣬ԣ֮ҵ·ִһ˴ˡһսҷҲԾ֮أһԪżԨԴ֪ΪʲôԷ֣ΪҴѧ·ϷֵġҲµûӦǾһԪڵĴʼˣɽ֮ţԪ˵š
ȻЩ£ϵ˲١
νʶȻһԪԨԴǣǱֹȻ˽˼ʱ֮ұ뿪ˣȻ㡣
صЦЦ
֪Ժδ
Щ˵û뵽Ԫɵ۾ȻǾ֮һԪڵĴʼˣϢʵ̫ˡ
ǲ֪Ժδôܵأ
ȷʵ
Ŷң
ʵ
һϢ֮˴ˡ
˵ʱȻͷп֪ĸ飬Ҳ֪Ϣŭ
ôܣôܣ
ˣôû뵽Ԫɵ£Ȼᱻ֮˴ߡ
ԪɵѾϵʧ̬˵ˣһûֹܹҸ㣬ʱΣգϣŬΪв¡
óԪɵ۵Ļ
ôܻ᲻ʧ̬Ѿ̫̫࣬ɽһδҵΪȴѾɽ綥ˣǷĻ˭ȻץҶĺѿ
쳣ķŭһɱ֮ǿɱ⣬Ҳоľܵ˸š
ѵ֮ǰˣܸҵģ
Ŀֲɱ֮УЩڸղŵս֮зˮϾӵǿ屾壬ôܻԼ
Ȼ⣬ǲʳģֻŸȰɱΪ¶߻ħˣȿɳеصĺ
ĬţɱԽԽǿȴһ仰Ҳû˵ȵԽģΨʧص׵Ĵ󱬷
磬˵仰òá˵ˣ֪
һȰȴоԼȰ˵Ĳ԰ȶ˽⣬Ϣж纣ˮ㲨ӿһʱ֮ȶġ
ȷ˫۽֮ͨɫʱ͵һԼĻҪصĶࡣ
ʲôߣһŭͷԣ߻ħǳ׷ĵġ
Ѫ˫ֻһ˲䣬ű𽥵Ļָԭеɫ۾ָϾȻֳһĨЦ⡣
ãѵˣʱôЦĳ
ʱ׼ɱˣһҪֹġ
ʧ֪Ǹûв´֮ˣǵˡã飬Ѿ֪ˡȣģûô
ϵЦˣ·ûܵµӰ죬Ҳɿˡ
úã㲻Ҫ嶯ͺã¶ǿԽġҵ㣬ڿʼһǸ죬ʲôҾ͸ʲô
ȺǺЦ
ˣ㲻˵вɵ£Щأһɣ
ʵ
һطչأȽԶԺлټ档Ҫȥ
Цʵ
׼ǰڤڡ
ش
ʲôҲȥڤڣҲǰǵĿĵһġȥɱ˵ģأȥʲô
Ⱦ̾
ҺпܣҲȥɱ˵ġٺ٣ȻˣҾͽǰ
صЦЦͬ飬ɵۣԼҲõˡ
˳ڤڷȥûãѾڤһɳǡ
ڤڶսһɽɽȣֻһ·ͨڤڣ͵ɳǱؾ֮ء
ɳ֮У󲿷ֵ˶ڤڣΪβ룬ǿﵽɵΪһɵڴ
֮ǰ˵ɳַǷȽɳ⡣
ڤɳǣ
֮ϣĸ֣֮֮ˣһɶܼͣ顣
˻û߹ȥȴһֵԴЩԣȸǣȴˣ뵺𲻴ԼǿĶ
ȻڤڻɵĪϵⱱɽһڣӦɵ۰ӣȻӦ塣
а
磬֪ڤɵ۵ĸɱ˵ģҪɱµɵۣ˭ҡ
ȴ
ǵĿһģҲ˵ڤɵԨԴΪ֤һ˳ڤڵĸֱȻȻ
ػ
˶ûиıòûߵ֮ǰȴɴ۾
磬㿴ɽͨ̵ģȻҵͼ֡
Цų֮ǰͨвɰЦ
ɵĪӽˮ˰ɣǵΪͨ㣬ʲôãɽ磬м˿ɱ㡣
ҡͷ˵˵꣬ȴֳ֮ϲֻһɽͨҶߣֱһɽͨ
磬ϲ㣬Ҳϰˡ
ȹЦ
ʮǻԼ˭ֶһģһɵѾʼԼˡ
˿ͨʱȻ־ȻԪɵۣʧʵ̫ˣҲ㶡
Ƕվס
ŴһͻȻȵ
ߣ
Ѹٶߡ
һ֮أʵ磬ôģΪҪأͨǣɵǣѵĻ˰ɵ׽ǣ
Բӣɵ⡣ǻû֮ǰСĽ԰ꡣ룬֮µˣҪôҩɾȵɵӣҪôǴĸˣɵۣ޿ɾҩɵ𣿡
ƽ͵˵
ȳţлĻɵȻɵӣҪһʲôĿģҲһı
磬˵еһƢʱⲻ˳嶯ȷΪλ
Ȳ˼ЦЦȻһʯͷϡ
ȣɽͨˣ
ʵ
ֺֻͼˣݣҸû
ȿЦ֮ǰǾûбҪڵôˡ
ƣ֪֪˰սȣ֪ǰҪˣǣںܶ෽棬ҪСĽΪСʻ괬仰һġɵۼȻɽͨһĿġ
˵Ȼһһͨǰ
磬ʲôʱŪͨҶûע⡣˵ĶԣСʻ괬ԺһСġ
˵ʱ۾Ķͨ
֮ͨԪɵۣνͨɣʵԵЩЦȻɱ޹һ֮ɽͨҲɵ۶Ԫɵ۵ȫս
˽ɽķһ˺Ƥս⵹ʮ֣Ȼɵ۵ռƣʲôɱԪɵۣսҲܲԪɵ۵£һڸ֣ʲôôأ
ɵŵûˣԪɵۿͬĸ֣սƺûʲô˼ֻ˵šɽܿһȷѪˣ˫ҪǴƱػǣ
Щ˵ô벻ɵΪλʹһ֡
ðɣͨ֪кθأ
һӣȵͨѾˡ
̵ģôħħۣɵۣ̫ɶˡ
ȿĺ޲˺ͨȫԼͨ͵ķȻɵƵģмɽʧ
ɱħߣԵõ֮⣬ԳΪڵĸӴ֮󣬵λɵۡ
ЩֻͨϵƬΣɵۣͨӣӾɱ¡
ȣ侲һ㣬һͨ˳嶯һǰˡһĿ࣬ǳԹˣһϣ㲻صޡ
ѵĻҲֻŻ˵ȻлǱȽģǣʱҲĽȥ
ҪʡһҪʡܱŭͷԣ嶯ħðɣǹôȥڣ֮ңҾ;Բ磬㷢û˶ĳŵóڵĸ֮λǲ˺ܴѪأ
ʵ
ţԶԣ¹ѪһǶ˵أҲ㲻ʲôһɵۣ̫ˣҲûʲô̫ôʱͳȥ޶ʧڵĸһˣҲû̫ʵԡȻֶΣȴкܶ˼СҲǿҪɱ㣬ûɵ۵Ӫ
Ȳɸоһ£ɵʵ̫ˣԼҪúúıһ


1838 ڤ
磬֮ǰ˵ɽڸʮˣֻҵƲѡɽ絽жٵڸ֣һաҲϵĸֲ࣬ȴкܶߡ
Ԥɽʵĸ֣ƺȥȨƣͺñңɽ粢ֻм˲֪Ҵﵽ˵ΪΪ㣬ҲһѡչƣҲй¶Ϊܡ
һ㣬֪ν磬ˣԲĵɵǰΪܹ񣬿϶᲻һֶΣԣɽǲԻ֮أĵڸж٣һδ֪
˼ǵ˵ʱѾû˿Ĵ֣ϸ緢ϸ͹۵ķ
㵹ˣɵۣһΪǿľǵۼڡɵΪħۣͻòɱ룬ɵۺųɽһˣɽͨ֪һܻɱͨκһˣǽֱɽ硣
֮£磬㿴ҵͨɣ
ҡҡͷһ̯ȶʱסˡ
ʲô֮Ѿйˣɲãֹɽ磬磬һ˵Ϣͬγɺ䶯Ч
֮˸η壬ɽ֮˾Ͳһ֪ˡν֪η屾й¶ȥɽ֮˶һչ֣ɱ塣ɱһħɱһɫ壬ȻߵǿӢ۵ֱӳΪɽȫ񹫵СͬĴҪռ屾塣ԣͨһĴʮֵļѣԺ㽫ҪϵԸս
ԽǷԽɵ۱⣬ͨһпܽ˵ˣʵɵĺð취
Ĳɵʹƣͨͬһ˫нõĽĵʧĽȴĵѸٵĳɳûж֣һɱҲ޴ӷӣܲȥɱ޹ɣǡͨһ»Ժ˵ǣһɱ⣬ҵΪһﵽ˵Ϊɵ۵ڡ
ǵĹâһľһͬͨҲʹַȡΪķͽ
Ϊ磬˼άһ˲һһΣѧˡ
˷ܵ
ȣвɵ⡣飬ɵδؾûʱ䣬ɽսңԪɵ۵ˣʲôôΪʲôְͬʱˣѵͲҵ𣿡
ɻ˵
ܻ֪֮ԨԴɣ
Ц
˵ĵ˾ѣ򵥵ĵɵ۲֪ܲҾãǾһоУŻʩչ˼ıѵѾͻƵڵΪˣ
һһԡ
ڰɣͻƵΪζľ硣ɽҲӦýŶԡ
ҡҡͷɵѾﵽľ硣
ѵﵽľ󣬲ѹڵΪҲڽ֮ǰɽҵأ

ɽѹڵΪҿδ˵Ҳһ԰ɣǱ㲻ɵ۵Ķ֡ȻɽʹӵеֻҪһΣץʱԻĺܲҺܲҡ
ŵ˵ͻȻЦЦҲ˵ɽΪǵڣû˻ɽʹ˵վɵǰҲɱǡ˵ǲ޺֮ǡ
ҪɱЩܣ
Ц
δأӡǿⲢɽ粻ᱻɱΪˣ磬ϴһûнϴˣҪɱڵĸ֣ʹȫҲδؿķֻǿҲﲻҵԣɱôѡ
Ц˵
ǾͺãһҸоǳһˣ治֪ڵܡˣҪγ񣿡
ʳһʮָӵ⡣
ˣû˿Իش㡣ʶˣٺ٣һܣһԣÿڵĸֶһֶĸ򣬾絽ˣԻ񡣵ȻлһЩܵķмķƿڵɵ۽õɵ۸ĳ񡣡
Цʮء
ܺãĴڸҰɣ
ҲЦˣԼʵ̫ؼˣԼǿɵ߶·
Уﵽڣٸ㲻١ھ͸㣬߻ħġ
ɫ˵
ôû߻ħأ
ʵ
ٺ٣ҿ֮Щڼб棬Ȼ߻ħˣô࣬ڸô죿һֱɣ
ЦЦȻʵ
Ǿ仰֪֪ˣսȻѾĽ֣ǻʲôµġֻҪͻƵڵǰ֮˭οҪɵۣҲûʱǡҲ˵ֻɵпǰǶԣΣյĵ˱
ŵЦ
ǣô֪ɵ۲ڴ˵أ
Ȳʵ
һԣɵ۲뿪Ѩο֮УԪɵ۵вԣעһԸҵȡУ֪Ҫʲôɽͨô
͵ʱǰһȻɵ۲ڴ˵أǻʲô
磬ɱڤڣЩɵ۶ɱˣ

ãӴԺҪɽˡ
ͷһǿҵս⣬Ժӣעᰲˡ
ȥܿ㵽ڤɳ֮£Ǽ۾ʱһһ˾ϲ죬ͨϵǶˣ
ಣ
һ˾Ȼ˳ţ̽鵽ΪΪֻнɳڵΪһҲֻΪ
ȣǲ濴ͨĺ
ЦЦͨϷдħۣԼ֮ˣѵ۾Ϲô
֮ȴתӣһһӵĿ죬֮ɳ֮Ѿ˴̶ľ֮
Ƕ󵨵ͨ˱ɣǵڣٺ٣һҪˡ


1839 ɥ
ǸɽΪԼΪҪǿһ㣬ɱԷˣǳĽǾͶˡ
·˼ȣ׷ٶ룬ͬ˹Ƶģ⵹пʼЩôأ
ͶɣǲɳΪѾﵽɺΪǶһϣҲǱɵĶ֡ɸһͶĻᣬݹֱɽ顣
ǸȵȴԽˣû뵽ԼвԷȴƶЦѵǾͲ
ԣЦĻξִڤڣȴһ˲۵ʵ̫Цˡ
Сӣû˵ħ֪ħʲôΪ
ȺٺЦ
ߣҹħʲôΪ֮ɽͨɣͱͶ򣬱ɾɱǡ
Ȼ治֪ħʲôΪ⵹ҲˣһЦ
磬ɱʵЩܲˡ
Цſ˵
ҲǸմӴɽģȻħ۶֪ˣ̫Сˣһ·ɣ
˵֮䣬һݣεɱ

ֲֻ̫ˣ·࿴۾һۣԼͻʱ׶ԷԼԲһȼΪ
ǣΪ
˫˵
ɣҲһı⡣
˵ŵĻðæ֮ززʱ֮⣬Եÿյģûκ˵ҿˡ
磬ҷԽˣ޴ļһҲŹһɱ
Ц
СҵϰߡֻʱҲŻɱ¾ҶѾǵۼΪɱЩۼµˣʵ̫ˡ˵ǸͲսɱ¾Ȼɽ֮ˣÿһףҲ˼ҷѾǧɵΪɻԷʵЩ̡
ƽ͵˵ŵЦ⡣
ҲøѧѧˣЩСļһͷŹǡֻɱۼ֣
ЦЦȻڤɳ֮С
Ϊս죬ڤӰζţڤڵӷ׷׿ʼˣвѰŶصĵط
ߣսپڤ֮󣬻и鷳
˵꣬һѾɳ֮С
˾ֵ˸ӭˣɽͨйأΪȫɽǿߣжΪͼ˻ᷢɱ֮ͨأ
˽֮Щߵ˷׷׹ģЦڤɳǣҲһģ뿪ڤɳǰɣ
лǰ
һСĳų֮ȥ˲׷ɱ˱֮⣬ټһڤ֮ǣڰʱѾΪһճǡ
Ȼﻹ˴ڣȶǿɲȤеĵۼҲڲǰڤɳǡ
磬ɵøлɵۣɽˡǺǣɵ۲ڤɳǵˣǺ׼ЩۼֶӽڤڣǾֱɱڤڰɣ
ЦʱоЩǽ֮ǣ˵İɱ¾һֱԼҡ
ڤڣǺųƱɽһôӦòȫں֮ڣߣǾȥһ
ͷȲУûþ͵ͨڤڵĳŴ
˳֮ϣȻж˼ȣʱŵĻĶһۺͬʱʼɳš
ڤɳֱͨһɽ֮ȽɽȴûзκεĵֵɽĽƶԶ˶ԣͬƵġ
ƺЩԾڤڵĵۼ֣ôӭս
૵ʶɢȥֱ̽ɽȴû̽鵽ۼֵӰ
磬ҲŷˡǲӦôҡڵĽڤɳǡ
ȵʶǿһ㣬ͬҲû̽鵽ڤڵĵۼ֡
ڤڵĵۼΪµĵӻ治٣鲼ɽȻۼȴһû֣ҲЩ벻ס
ѵڤϵһһǰڤڵɵҲڲսˡĪǣΪҺһǰڤڵɵûĴǣԲѡ룿
ţû뵽ϵڤڻ᲻սӣֱǾɽһɵĳƺš
磬ҿڤڡǶҳսǹ޳ܵġ
ЩŭˣȻƲ̰ߣʱȴԵ޴⵱ȻӰ顣
֮
ȻЦŵͷ⵹㶣ԼһᣬҲǷɧˣ˭֪Ȼˡ
ϴǰ˵СڴӦڤڣⲻǰì𣿡
Ȳʵ
Сⱱɽһɣ̸Сοɵ۵ĸЩ˿϶ǵĵˣʡȻЩۼɵҪˣֺαǡ
ȻҴӦڤڣζŽɱ磬ǽˣڤڵĵΪһϲ㡣еǽںܾõʱﶼɵۡɱɵۣڤҲͳ˲ɣܿͻᱻɽ𡣶ְɣսپĿˡ
ͺһѾˡ
˵ĺЩΪڵûˣҲͲеۼˣ㲻ɱЩͼˣڤҲʵˡ
ԭ룬¶˷ܵЦ⣬ȻһҲʼѰڵˡ
һɱ¾ʼˣڤڵ˵ʮˣ⵹ڤûпǵ飬洫Ļкڲѡ
ɱȥǶƴˡ
һɵ۽˵ʵڲڤ𶼱Ϣ
ǰвʮɵۣǽֻжˣǶܾѾܿɳˣѵҪǲɱڤڵĵ㣬ɣһɱȥ
һɵ۰
ڤĬţֳԹĿ⣬ȴսĶˣųսʤмΡ
ƾǣҲǶˣǱ˰ɣʮˣǵۼڵΪۼڣŸۼΪƾʵһ˵Ķ֣ʣʲôǶ
һ˵
˻һڤڲٵۼַ׷׷ڤҲЩŭˣȫ졣˱ʦ壬˭Ķ֣֡Ҳֻƽ֮ƣʣҵһȥǶ𣿡
ƿ˵Ϊǵۼڵĸ֣ڤһֱųƱɽһڵԭ֮һһԭɵ۵ԨԴ
ҷĺˣطʮ֮أ۲ؽƣǸͲ̽ĵԣһսڤڱеɵۣҲǲеĴˡУӴԺڤѾʺڱɽ緢չˡԺǵصĻʱ򣬱ۻ񡣡
ŵ˵ж˽΢һ㣬Ǹųħ۵ȣ˵ǲϤ룬Է಻ħۺڣʵڲΪ塣
ɵ۶صĵطЩĲҽһֻε̾ôɵ۶һ˵Ϊ˱ʵ˭֪ʮҵľٶ
ڤڿνǼɹȾͬ·һ㣬ûеۼֵ£ЩΪ˼ֱû˿ĵֿһ䣬ڤڿνȺף˺첻Ӧеصز飬ֻѡ롣
ڶɱ¾ʱ˸Ͳ֪˵Ŀģиȫʧ£Щ˳ܣֻЩʲô
һʱڤڵϳյģе˶ӵĲټȿνɵˡ
һ֮ǰۺϣЦ磬֪ڤڵĸȥˣ֪
ô򵥵⣬Ҳ˼ҡ
΢Цҡҡͷ
ȻΪ򵥣˵˵ȥˣ
Щŵʵ
ֻжֿԣһˣڶǶˡǲû߶ãԣҿƶϣǵִڤɳ֮ʱǲſʼ롣
ѾɽһƷ˵һֿԣΪûۼϢԣֻеڶֿԣǶˡ֮ǶĵطԶпܿԼӵҶˡ
оâ˸ܿ˽
磬㣬ֱδ֪ô֮ļ䣬ҲûǶصѶϢû뵽ȴԲ³
ȴ
Ʋ⣬ұ֪ǲˣȻһ֪Ƕˣղһ֮壬ǡôļе֪ѶϢУ֪ǵһʮˣһصɵۣһʮˡ
Ҳѡ˴ΪĶԷ
磬֪ô֪Ƕ֮ص𣿡
Щʵ
ˡӵеΪҪأһǶڽ֮УӦÿ̽鵽ƵڡǸһʱ䣬ҲҵǵĲ֮
ǸֳŨŨЦ⡣
ķˣ˼ĸЦܸоԼЩûȤ
ڤڵĸλɵǣѾɱڼӣѵǻڽ֮Уҳӭս𣿡
ϰУȻȵڤڵϿջصڤɳҲ
ڤյ߬ȭͷΪڤһֱڱɽ籸أ뵽һڵʱ֮УʱѾ֪Լ˶ˣʱȥӭսڤڵϱؽɥʧ
ܲˣҪȥǾһս
һɵ˻ŭ졣
۲˽ƣȥ𣿡
һЦɵȻŭĶˡ
ֻжˣǸʦսƽ֣ôˣѵԸһħǰʦ˵һռƣΪȴ˵ƾأ
ڤڵĴϲ˵оԼһƵһƵһȴʵ˵ȥ
ڤҲȥһսʦǰԼôһڸֶڴ˵أ
ʦ壬˵ǵʵռţΪȴҪ
ڤˣ̾һͻȻҿߣ¶˱Ŀ
һ󾪺˽Ա˵ľòŭļˣжĵҲʧ


1840 
϶ԣҵռơǣһǳȥսǸڲ֮ءƾۣ޷ɱҲ޷ɱۡǣҪɱǣȴѡԣһս޷֤κһ˵İȫܲڣǵһħ۵ɣδ̫ˣ
ɽѪЦ˻ȫʵΪɽѪڵʵҪսƽ֣Ѿˡ
ô
ϾҲǾɲΪɽѪòĸı䣬˶̬Ҳࡣ
ðɣҵȶʦģԺеǻᱨ𡣡
ڤͷ˵
˾Ͷˣףô˵ˣڴʲô⣿
ɽѪɻĽȫԼ̸ǣǶƺδ˵
֪Էеڸֺ̻ɽѪڴ˵أǵڸô᲻ӭսأ
ȣȥ֮⣬ҾͲǻһֱȥ

ãɽ֮Уھȥ
Ȼش
˼㵽һɽ֮Уɽʮľһʯ֮ǰֹͣ˽Ųʾ⵽طˡ
ֶԷĽƹȻأԼ˸ǰҲûиоκεĽƣֻ÷ſԳԷƵĴڡ
ɽѪĵӿɲС㻹ڱɽ磬Ѱ·ˣѵӭӣ
˵дصЦ⡣
֮У˷׷Ϊ֮һɽѪҲֳ֮ɫô벻ԼһֱСģô֪Լ
Īµģ
ɽѪ뵽ս̬ͣչ
һŶԭڤڹʮλۼˣɽѪˣôɵۣҲԱ𣿹Ī㳹˱ۣ
װŶԷȻŭɽѪ
һ֮Уɫû˻Ϊǲ²ģΪ˵˵˵ɽѪҲǲµģ޿ܡ
ˢˢɽѪʱɽѪоֲѣһʱĵһΣȺһսҲֻ׳󣬵Ҳֻķݡ
ѾˣǲȥҲа취
ɽѪЦ
ʦ岻˵ǸΪδﵽΪܽʦ岼õĽƣ
һ˲ʵ
һַͻƸ߼Ľƣԣƶԣ޶ôʱȣҲ˵ˣȻˣǽֻƴһսǧӣΪлܡһȥǾ̲סǣԲս
ɽѪ˵׼˵ʿ
ǣʦ壡
ڤͷ˵
ǶˣڤڣɱǵĵӣΪڤڵĸ֣ΪǱǽǺεȵ谡ϮҵӦɱУһѩǰ𣿡
ɽѪ˵
Ȼ룡
˵
ãǾɱȥǼʶǵȥڤڵӣһҪѩޡ
ɽѪҲͬʱĺУһ˼ѪƵġ
ಣ
ͬʱݳƣȲվڲԶ˳ˣÿ·ʲôҲס
ȺôĵӣȻҴڤڣɱڤڵӣ
ڤһⲻ˵һ滰
Ǻǣڤɳǿͨԣɱڤڡڤڱ޹ڣǣǵҹҶ˵ͨǡ֮ѰҲֻܹǲ֪
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аԿϲʱоʹ࣬ҲһжֵõģȻһεĽ̫ͻȻȫ벻ľϲ
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аϲԼӵʵǿµԷ˵˰˳˵Լα»ռϵƣ

Ҳ˽ʵֱ̫ǿˣѸٵĽʮɣһ˵ĵȭʮ֮⣬˿δ
ٺ٣磬սڣȻҵĶ֡
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ֺųϣȻѡӲӲƴǣһΣȷԼǱˣԷȴȵУϴŵЦ⡣
˵츳̫࣬ǣҲ̫˰ɣ


1841 ܵ
вԼ͵Ĵͬɵ۵Ҫǿ̫ˣȴ
ͷۣ
͵ĺʹ˱壬һȭͷͬʱϵĹǴǡ
ʹ˳ɵĵֵȵķԽеˣ֮ǰԼ֮ʵΪΪĲ࣬츳Լǿһ
ҲʵԭʹͷۺεӼɣûʹȫĿľС
һ֪սԽãԼԽȻԼٶʮֻɶԷǲ½ġ
磬ţҽǿĹ𣿡
ȹûʵ
ʲôҵģܷ
ٺЦ
ȵ֮ɫٴη״ĸı䣬ܿ˶֮ˣһһȭȻȴǳɱӡ
аɣ
ȻȭͷһȭԻ
˼ޣһ˲ʹѪӳһȭͷϵͬǼӱ
ңڵĴõ֣һžԲȡ
˽ʮ㣬һȭڿײһǿ˷ϯȥĴɽ׷׷ҵıըڶ˵·Ȼγһ׵ɽȣǶ˾޴ײһγɵķ
ôܣ
ȾˣԼȫһȭȻᱻԷԭؿȻ˵ǿһǶԷһȭ֮

˦˦ֱۣһսʱԼˣȻ㲻飬Ҳ޷սʤ
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һѪͬʱֳЦ⣺磬ˣ㿴ѪҲˣĲĶ֡кãŹҰɣ
ͬɵۣҲ˼˵ֻҴ˵ˣǵսŸոտʼ
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ǣϵƾȻת˲Ȭˣ͵ҲˣԼҲڻָٶȴǱȶԷ

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Ц
СĽзɶݣȷȫȴҲӱŰķݣһսȸоԼͬһ㡣
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磬һʱͬշսҲûˡˣһ˳н
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磬˵ǲǸαװһأǶһĿƺ̫ˣҲߡ

⣡ϣҲ
ȻϲԽˣвɰЦһѾʧԭء
ôʲô
Ϊ͵ɳڣȻһϥֳЦݡ
ɽͨºɽ֮Уܶ˶֪ͨҲ˵ȶɽ綼ˡ
ڤԼϸȫ䣬Ϣȥڱɽγǿҵ𵴣ʱ䣬һΪһԪڵð˳Ȼʮɷʮɲǰĳĳˣĳ˱ɱʮɡ
Цǣϲδдص㣬ʮ֮ǰҲҲط
ڤڵĵۼֻŵ˱ɽһˣȴûŵɽȫ֡
Ϊ˳ҲΪ˳ΪڵĸҲΪɵŵЩѾв˸ڤڣЩ˵ĿıͨϵĶˡ
˻δѰͨ϶ˣڲ֮Ѿչһ󲿷ǰˣ֮䣬Ҳֻʣ¸ǿ֮ˣЩڤΧչ˵̺ʽȴûҵǶˡ
֮˳ƿĳس֣ǣɵ۱㿪ʼǸطǰǶ̽鵽вǰԭ
ѾˣҲ޷̽鵽Ĳ֮вɰ̾һԼͻеΪͲĶ֡
ʱƣһǰɵѾȣһˣڶ࣬вʮˡ
һʮˣУۼڵʮˣۼڵĶʮˣۼڵˣһˣʵԵÿǰǿ
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ʮˣȴǷֳʮСŶӣƾЩϸڣȱףЩ˲һڰ·ӡ
ʮͣסʱȷȻɵ۵ĴڣʱǰԳ棬ɽͨȻǸǵģȻ˶ۼǰ
ȵĺ󷽣ҲʮҵɵۣʮˣһɫķΣȻͬһطһ˾Ȼﵽ˵Ϊ
󷽣˲˾Ȼﵽ˵ڣһϢȷҲû̽
ƣصĴطҲûиǰɣ
ȻͷȥȻһվӰ֮ˣȻûɢκεϢ˵ĸоͬƵġ
ãһпǵڵĸ֣ΪңҲδĶ֡
аΧ֮ˣڸԶҲиǿߡ
ɵۣɽ̫ͨǿˣȻ˶ǿߣֻҪһ֮սˡ
ޱǰʮɵ֮أȴͻƵһϾûеڵĸ֡
෴ҷˣȵĸоΣգαǶڼĸ֣ʮˣҲֻвѡ
ȼϥǲ˷ĵۼ֡
ʮɵۣͬʱȣȴûһ˵ʮˣǱɽɵľӢ·ţʵŽһ
ʮɵۣͬһضǿɣʮͬҲȣǶڸ֣ЦĶӡ
ǿв֮ˣǸӰеǿǺޱʾͬƵġ
ķǿߣô໥Эأɴ࣬໥ɱɣ
а롣
ķûпȣʱжˣʮɵһһ˶߳һˣޱվ֮ǰ
ǺˣΪλڴ˵أ
ޱ˵
α֪ʣ۾Ҫ֮ˣǿҲ
ȹ⻻һ֣Ϊ˱鷳
ǿѵж֣Ҳ㣬ǿҲ㣿
˲̫ľȣ˾ͬһľͷһ㡣
ȣѾǱ۹ȥţӴԺǿǱ۵šôǰѵֻΪ˶Ըһˣ
Ȳη˵
Ƕˣһ㣬һ
˾ԵЩľϲޱ
ŶôעʧˡѾ뿪ˣǱû´Ѿڱɽ硣
ȹ˵Է᲻ֶ·ȥ׷
һҲ޷ɱһͿˡҪҵȶ֣ԾͶ
ƽ˵ԽԾˣԷֻһۼ֮ˣôܴʮˣʲôʵĸ֣
Ͷôˣ֮󣬱ָ˭Ͷ


1842 
΢΢һЦ׸˶Է
赣ҵȻɱǶѾˣԲű··еκһ·㶼ѡͶҲ˵еκһˣԳΪͶĶԼѡɣ
˵ȻȻ׼⵹ȵһףķѾ֮ǰ̶ˡ
ȳһᣬЦ·ΧǵűͻΧѡκһһ֮˶½رۣ𣿡
˵ûķ֮Уѡѡ˶֣ôĶ־ȶԸȨȻͻΧȥˣ׷ɱ㣬ݡ
˲ϲޱһָĪ֮С
Ͷ飬۾ܾأҲ֮С
Ȼ˵ĵ˼ˣЩ˾ȻԼѡͻΧķѵʮ˵ʵǿģ
ϣʮɵ۾һʱȴһɳ⵽ζʲôأ
뵽˰Իл治ȷԼ̽һô׼ȷϾˣ죬˭֪ûеۼڸֵĴڡ
󣡡
һȣʮɵͬʱɽʮɽʱǿƻҪ˺Ƴ죬ʮɽָʱȵģҲһ¡
ʮɵ󷨲ӣͬͬصȴǲСӣʮ˵ĽӣǵڵɵۣҲδؿԵסǵĽ
ƾʵҲ뵲סңδ̫ˡ
ȵ¶һĨЦδ˵ȴҲ˶˶ɽڳԴļơ
λ۴һͻΧ̳𣿡
ȴʵ
Ȼᣡ
ͬ
ԭˣЩ˼ѣǵˡ
аѾͻƵķǾǷһǿһȻѡеʵһͻƵϣһЩ
Ѿѡ÷ʱʮ˵ķͻΧʱڵɵȴڵѾ¶Ǵˡ
аû뵽ԼѾﵽ˵ΪȻᱻ̽ڵأֱ̫˾ˡ
˵Ҳ޷̽鵽ľ巽λȴǵ֮һ˵λã룬ûûмصıҪ
ಣ
¶ΣȻߣ΢Цıȭ£û뵽۾Ȼˡ
е鷳ˡ
Ȼɱɽĵۼǲȫˣôڳǿ̣ʱҲˣƶԶԽ
磬ôĴͻΧ
ʵǽ
ͻΧΪʲôҪͻΧȻǰǾһɱǡԣҲû׼ͻΧҲҪѡ򡣡
ﲻݡ
ǰֲ׼ܣͻΧʲôã磬ô˵Ҿô죬ֵڿԲһսˡ
ȺٺЦȻ׼ӣԼˡ
ķ֮ˣ˶Ļ׵ˣô˵İΧ£ȻͻΧ뷨ʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰѾˣǾһϰɣһǵˣķҲǵˣ۲ںȻ۸Ƭ̿ǣһʱ˳ǾζŲݡ
Ļˣ˶۾ƵĿ
˳˶ԣǸܵģΪû˻Ȼϣ
Сӣ̫ˣƾ㣬һ˱ɴ㡣
ʮ֮Уһȵ
ɽͨϣΪֻǵۼڣԣ󲿷ķ֮˶ôС
˵󻰶ѣҪͱһһ۾Իĺܲҡ
л治һһôɵѰв£ȴ˷ܲѣǿζԼΪҪͻͽˡ
ЦȻһһкβңλھȥ
˿Ц˵û˵һԱųĬ
ߺˣ
Ȼȵ
۹ᣬڴϣ׼ɱɣ
˳ǰ߸ϵ˵һҲû
ΪѹڵۼڣȻɽ׼ԽԷһս
˫ѡ˵һκƣķԣǳսĽ࣬ǺֶΪأ
󲿷ɵ۶ΪɵѰˣһģҪôôҪôͻУɵΪǺߡ
һ֣ɵ۷׷׺ڲѣԭֻеۼڵΪΪԽܵۼڵĸ֣ƺͲܡ
ѹδռ̫ƣһͽնķˣùƸΪɽն
ž޴ѹھʵķǷǳǿ󣬾㱻ԷĽնϣҲȱ첲ȡ
սƬ̺󣬹츳жôֲȻΪǿĶս
츳ǿûΪ֧ţҲչġǱ۶֣һʱڣ۱ɱ㡣
ٺЦжȤ󣬵Ǻͨϵһ֣Ǿȡ
ȿĿɿڴԭѹΪԷսȻ̫ƣȵбȽ𾪡
ѵԽɱɣ
뵽סˣ츳ڵΪϣɱڵĸ֣ʵֲ̫ˡ
ռ˳ƣɵȴǵƲ÷֣ô޷ɱʱƣСʱת˲š
ᣬһʱ쵽ˣƺδɱĴҲóΪЦˡ
̼ԷһŭĶԵøöԸһЩ
Ŷ˵ս˫Ǵ˳ģ츳ͬв壬ûһɱ
Χս֮ˣ󲿷ֶƽ磬ֻж˵ԵЩżǹͬš
ãۺܿͻɱ㡣
ŭʩչ˲֮
ǣû뵽ǣÿԼ˲͵ϮʱԷٶܣҪôǳ䲻Ĺ
ˣ˲ƹΪ㣬뵽Ĵ֮С
ҵҪɱᡣ
кĴԽսսʤҲΪɱԷǸϡ顣
˵սɵ۵ĹעԽԽľǾڶԷ
Ҳ˼ˣȻǸһ㣬ȻʱһҲСƶˣϾԷΪֻеۼڣͬΪԼĺܲҺܲҡ

ʹʮͻʩ͵Ϯ
״ǷʤȻ״ţɽ˻ˣȫƷǷٶСҲ״ԽԽ
ûлҲûоķɵ۽侲Ŀ£ֻйϲЦտΪѾܻĹ͡
ģ󣬹ջطһֽļУȻֳɽָؿڡ
ʵ˳ŵѾˣڣ۾ķڷ
Ц
ôбɱңҾͰɽͨˡ
ɫ˵û˿ľš
ߣͷӲҲͻ˵󻰰ɣ㣬ھͬһ㣬ʲôʸ뱾š
Цеɽڴؿ֮
ڴʱͻ״ͻȻͻΪһŻҽɽȻһץС
󾪣ҪɽȴоâһһĴԼľǱܵһȭ
磬ĹٶȣܣҲʵԶܵĿʱ򣬹ỹûܵĽ٣Ϊп׷ԷԼһҲԵֵĹ
᲻֪ǣԼĿ֮ǰѾ˲ѺۣǾ֮ĿףѺ۸ࡣ
ʱֻһʹһѪȻԼĺŸо١
ô
ֱĿһȭȴֱӵסˣͷ­ڲԺ˳ȥ
ɱ
˷ܵĽеɵҲ˷Ӧһɴ˫ۣһĻ

֮ܣȴһɴӲԶùܣ֮徹ȻץС
Ŀ£ȴ֮ͬħƵʧ¶˵Ц⣬ϵԼٶ޸
ԵۼڵΪɱ˵ۼɵۣһֺ𺳣˶оξҲĿɿڴû뵽ֶԽԽǿˡ
ǹ˲Ὺ֮ԱԲŻԵۼΪ֮壬ڵУ֮ûκλĻᡣ
˼ԽսϲСӣûеӸ뱾һս
ʮ֮Уһ˿˵ֳЦ⣬ȻԳսķʽ۸
кβҡ
΢΢˹ָͷʾ˹
ҲֱӷɵĶ档
ķ֮УǺܽԭʮһɳһ˵ʮһаЦԷѰ·
òϣղŵһֺƯڱǰʹһУǾǳˡ
ŰȻ˵ڽɣûнУʵԽ䱸
ŶԷʱϵľˣҲиĸָ֪ЩʹڶξͲˡ
ߺˣ۽ٶ𡣡
һֳֽȻ˵
ߣȣʮɵۡ
Ц
˵սܿ㿪ʼˣʮɵ׼ʩչѹʱȴ΢΢ζһ£ҽʱ
ķɵ۵٣ȴ˿ʲôֻһҽУǽʮɵ۵ڿзըֻ֮壬֪
ʮܣ
ͬʱ׼֮ʱȴ֮ͬʱȣڿסͣԭء
Ϊ֮ˣ˫ͨĶɱֵܣ۾ԲŹ㣬һὫʬΡ
ŶԭǾǱɽպĽʮֵܣŴϧѡ뱾ΪС
ǣȻɱһҲͲںʮֵȫɱˡ
Ǻǣ˵ǻãʵãѰ·
ЦںǾ˵ĸܡ


1843 
ƺΪӻˣķԼѾ˶ˣķԼҲʧȥЧá
ǿǲùǼˣ֮Ƕǵĳˡһɱʵ̫ˣ磬Ҿֽȫˡ
΢Ц
⣡ãɱɣ
ȺųսûеģˣôõսᣬôܻԸ
һѾͷǶ֮ˣѾͬʱ׼սȳǾһѡʮɵɵһ
ʮɵȷʵǿ󣬿ȴڵڵɵۣԣһ˵֮С
Ķ磬һ֮ǰɱɵһ㣬пٷһȦȴһҽ
ǿڣʮۼֿǿʵ򲻿һڵΪ޷γɱǾ̫ûˡ
ͬʱҲǾ֮УҲʩչһɱȴһԽסһʱ֮䣬Ǳסˡ
ʮˣʮһͷ­ķΨһһȴɱ⵹Ԥ֮УΪʮ֮Уʵԣʵʵпǿġ
Сӣúݶһɱҷʮһɵۡ
˾ȻЦſڵ
㲻ˣӦݶðɣҪ뱾սǵȱȽǣ
ҲЦ˵
۵ǲ磬ȽЩ鷳󣬱Ի㡣
Ц
Ҳ˵ȾȻһ˲סˣвɰԺЦѵȾͲ֪ȽΪ͵ģ
Ҳ룬ȴԷ˽ƣͬս£ֻȽ˶֣пܳơ
ǣѡ˱ʵѧķʽսĻἤǱܡ
ˣȴĽ֮У㣬æҲ˽ơ
ˣ˸Ѿסˣʰǰɣ
룬һǶһӵɵۡ

ȴһȣһѾһ
ಣ
ԥʩչ˲֮
ȴâһһ˵ѾնΪϣ֮Ҳûӳƿأһڵĸ֣Ȼɱˣ֮
ϸ磡
һʹеôûϵᱻɱ
Ŷԭǰ˫֮ˣ֮ǰѾǣҪԣҲԹñۡ
һһٵ˵Եˣ̣Լܵ˺
Ҫɱ㣡
Ůӷŭĺһ˲䣬ȴǳԶɶݣȻѡܡ
ȥҲ̫ûƷˣӣӣ
Ҳ˲ˡ
츳ͬĵۼ֣ɵɱŮӣҲ⡣
ʮϢʱ䣬ŮӵѾɽУֿһǿ֮壬ʱҲɱǸͬɵۡ
ʣµİˣ־ŭȲδŹǣʩչһ˲ɱ˵֮Ҳˡ
ķ֮Уƺƴȴڶ̶ʱڣ˴ֻʣˡ
ʣµĶˣĸ֣ҲζӲսȻȿ츳˵ɵۣǶˡ
ɽͨϵˣȻһһǿǵսƺѾԪɵˡ۵ԪɵսҲƽ֮ơ
ʮ۵ҴЦ˵
ȱվպÿһ˵ͻϮʮ֮еҴߣһ٪壬Ƥ׵ľˣеɽԶԶһɽҪϲ١
ԽˣԽΣգΪԲ˵ģʮ֮ʱб׼
¶Ȼ֮磬
ҲЦ˵
Ǻǣŷ棬ӱչضˣЩҲδ˵
٪嵭Цţ£ȴҲԵȷǷ
ŷ棿ϹôҲˣ˼ۻΪ˭أ
Ӱµ˳ȴһͨϺ˾ͬһׯӶĵ
ȻֻıɾԲὫׯ񣬷ǾѰ·
ŷ棬֣Һ
ֹ
Ȼŷ棬ɽĴˡɽĽ֮һԪɵۣɵ˲£ֻ£ڶɽһˡ
Ϻģ˴Ц
ѾǹȥˡףǶ
ŷ汧ȭ˵ܵϺģ֮˵Ϣ󣬵ɫ䡣
ٺ٣Ľ֮һȻǵϼһ
Ц
˶Ի֮ʱȶһۣ˿ɲ򵥣һԪɵ۵һŷҲо¡
ǰɽ˲֪˲Ƕǰֻ£ûкɽĽܡ
ŷ汧ȭֱǶ̧ȥˡ
λµİɣλʲôĿģֱ԰ɣ˵ΪɽͨЩš
˵ʱţǸŷ涼ƺΪǰԼһҪСˡ
Сֵܣˬ죡۾ϲĺˬʵΪɽͨΪ㡣
ŷЦͬڿһϺõķ
֪ǰأΪζ
ʵ
Ǻǣ۵ΪǸýأǸýǿ
Цĺʵ
üͷ΢壬涾ģôΪԼأѵħ۸Ȥ
ȻˣǰҲͻˣǸȡ裬Σ
ŷЦ˵붾Ŀ겻һˣлǷ˲٣ҪԼˣҲаգⶾǾһնûˡ
ͬƺǰˡðɣʦ뱾ǹʽϣ۽Ͳ֪ǴӲڵģԣ֮£й¶ȥ䣬ˡ㣬ЩʦֵܣҲɵҵǣȻͳͳɱ֮
ƤЦⲻЦ
лɱ֮һΪˣǰɱ֮գһᱨ𡣡
ŷͿ˵
˵ĶԻУѾ˵˹ϷֵĲˣûн˵һ£˸ղ¶ǿ
ˣԲ֮ڣûˣЩˣ룬Լƺֻ·ˣƺǸ⡣ֻǣûаսҲŪȥʱ浣ȵİΣΪʵԼǶֱɲ⣬־Ƥ񣬿֪Ƕôǿĸ֡
ŷ棬ҲΪս֮УԼռƣˣǶǶֶһսʤĶ֡
ʮƣΪϣ
˵͵ĳһȥȻĴһܡ
ʱŷȴȻ붾̸ЦȻû׷ϣ⵹ͬʱס
Ҳ룬ƴ룬жԶӶԶٶȣǣڼʱ֮󣬶ȴоһǿޱȵ˷Ϯ
֮󣬶˱ϳ˺Զȵʧ֮ʱȴѾԭأҲǶŷ̸Ц֮ء
ʱΪЦǣ˾ȻΧ壬Ȼ嵱̣ңָӡ
ƺʾ֭壬ͲȣƿЦ˰˼ʱȴǻصԭأ⻹̫Źˡ
ӦǵڵĽƣ뾹Ȼ֮֮ⶼڽ֮УӳԶ󣬽ƿ˲СǣǱ㱻ץ˻Ӧԭ
Ц
ȵɴ۾ʱҲʮΣΪõս񣬴ʱȴԵһ취ûУǰưԣʱȴɵ۸
磬Ȼ޷ߣǲƴˣˣһ˶Ըһ
˵
ðɣԸԸŷ档
˵
УǶĿңԸɣҲˣǲ»ڵģΨƴһս
ȿЦﲻ֪ǸΣյˣƼŷԴ̬ȣⶾʵǿĿ¡
ҿֶأߣһӵǿ屾壬ԣԸȽϺʡ
ɲԸĻᡣ
죬ǰһ㣬ɲ뱻˴š

ǰһ㣬Իʱ䳤һ㣬ǻܿȥ
ŷҲͷ˵
˵עƺϣ⵹뷨ڶʱȿԽۼڵΪǾͲҪһˡ
̽Եһ˵ȶʱҡͷЦ磬Ҳ̫뵱ȻˣΪǳԷôô̵ʱ䣬ܵģ˵ˣǽֻӲƴˡƴǾֻ
ǺǣֵܣŵˡУǶϲļһ嶼Ѿˡʲôµģɵһսûʲô˲ġ
Ǳһսֺα٣һκҵһս
ǰ뵱꣬¹˭һһֻһˣǾ̬ˣҺξ֮Сܹһ𲢼սΣֺΰ
Ҳɵ˵¶ǿҵս⡣
ԣΣֺΰ
߬ȭͷ˵
磬ͬ
Ⱥ
ֵܣͬ
˵ѾȥˣǽҪҲԲڣϾܹԼֵһ
֮УǶȴȵ壬һн֮ʱֽʱ̲סЦΪӮˡ
ȣҲ뱾壬Σ
Ц˵
壿Ҳᡣ
ȵش廹ûʲôȤ
˵¾£ȥģۿɲȤŪ飬Ҫսսīˡ
һҲӵĻؾˣѾǵˣǲܳΪˣһǵ͸Ҳǵ
Ը񰡣治֪ôڵġڰ㵱Ҳӣ
ǺЦȻЦ
ϻҾԸΣѾ˵ˣɱˣͿɣЩûõĶ
ʲôûõĶѵ㻹֪ڱʱѾˣ
һЦɢ񶾵Ĺâ
¶ˣ
̷Ӧ˹
ŷһâеǱһȻ¶ˣǻ᲻ҲԼ¶أ


1844 Ľ֮һ
ϼһҶ¶Ҿɱ
ŷа¶ΪֻǼɵĶ
磬ŻǵġǵΪСС𣿡
Ц˵Լһ壬ֲжκμ
Ҳ壬Ȼ鲻Եж󣬵ȴҵģΪŷҲԶʮּɵ㹻˵Ķжôˡ
ٺ٣ʱǶож֢״㱾ڸǣҲ֪ʲô
Цˣֻǣ˶Ļ
ŷ棬Ϊأѵǲִ𣿡
˵׼ŷԼһ˶жˣҲδزǶĶ֡
ŷ棬һԾŶȻ˵Ź㣬ǾһŹ㡣֣Ǳ۾;Բᱣ֤İȫԼúÿǰɣ
˵ƺ̫ںŷ档
ǰҾԲỳǰԡ죬һվǰһ
ŷĵ֪ûѡأⶾһسŵ֮ˣǴʱֻԼС
ܺãǾͰԭƻȽ۽ȣȡ衣
ͷ˵
ǰǼȻжˣѵҪǳֶԸ𣿡
ŷЩɵ˵
ԶҩЧûô죬ܿᷢǵ쳣ˣ㶯ְɣ
ѾŷЩˡ
ǣǰ
ŷӦŵȻеɽǧ࣬Ϊ׼뱾һսɣ
սս۵ҪʶĴɵ֮һŷ棬ӵʲôʵ
üһȻӦս
ãȻ˱ۣǱҲԲᵱͷڹꡣɣ۵ҪⶾʶʲôŽʵ
սö֮˲İûʩߣһɱĶԷƬײ
СӣۼڶѣȻҿڳԡ㱾۲ʩչҲǱ۵Ķ֡
ٺЦ
ǿҪСġ
ѵ
ҲǣСյŷ档
ȻӦ
˫ˣ׽Զţս
ŷ棬ǲ̫ģԷڵΪԼڵΪҲԳһʱ䡣
ŷ涢ֱӿڵ˵еĽɫ壬α岢ǿ״̬ɣ۾͸ᣬչ屾ɣ
ǵҪûʸʶˡ
ǣһʱʹ˼ѪӳһʵѾ޽ӽڵĸˡ
ڵѹ˽ġ
ŷ͵ĽڣǷƳӿϯȥ
ǿơ
ֻͬϢһ㣬εѹʵֲ̫ˣּѹʵ㽣ȻѹԼϢ
ԭڵĲྐྵȻ֮ˡ
彥ˣڿվֱ壬ŷѹǿ̲סһХҲǿѹ֮ң
ȻȴѾʹͷۣȻס˶ѹΪȣѵŷѹȶĻҪǿ
ۣ
һڽɫѪα̬£޷ܶԷѹ
־ǺܲȻ仯屾塣
ŷ
ŷ棬ѵǶѹΪǿ󣿡
̽ʵ
ãʩǿڱ⣬Ǳ۵Ķ𣿡
ŷ治ʣдģϾɵ۵ĴɵۣȻӵǿ츳ʵ
Цҡҡͷ֪αѾ޷֧ȥˣоǲôʹ屾塣
Ĺƣŷ츳ҲͽȣԼ屾һսʤҲһᳬɡ
Ҳ߾ȫǿԴƽ֮ưɣ
а
ŷʩչǿѹѾǶսһţһ̽ĹȵʵȻռơ
Ҳ͹ȵսΪƾΪȣɵĶԸȣֻڶ֮ŷȵʵԼ
νĶҲ˰ƾսɵҪԶˡ
ȿЦһգһҲı䲻ص㡣
ֵܣųƶǿʵʩ򲻿ɵġ
ѵ
ĺˣƾĶһ㶼¡
ŵ˵ԽսԽͣȻʼѹƶĽ⵹ľҲΪ֮һ
ɢ
͵һһɫѾֶȥסս֮ӿһɫĹââȻס˻ɫ
ôܣ
ûüջɢȴЩɫȻâȫ롣
ʲô˵Сɢ붾ɱۣʵ̫Цˡ
Ц
ţɢֻһʼ
м˵֮ʩչҲû뵽ǣԶһ㣬޾嶾Ķ
屻ǿѹж㣬Ȼδ仯屾壬׼ȥϾһϺõᡣ
һ޷¡
ŷЦʮһն
ٽӭȴǸ޷֯ԷĽǲʣ½֮ȫ֮⡣
ŷһ͸ĽݺݵնؿڴȻǵȴ̵ĺ
һ֮ǱһԷʣལȻҲγǿ
ɱ
ŭһֳɽŷȥ
֪
ŷͲٵģɽٴն
Ŵ򲻹㣡
ϵǿ־Ķŷչ˹
α岻Ǳ۵Ķ֡
ŷȻͻȻһȻһŽ߷ɡ
ٶȲˣˣ޷̽鵽ŷķ˲ƹ켣߷ɲŹ֡
Һƴˣ
֮ض׵ʹ屾壬ָαΪԽսԷ
ԽǿսҲ֮ǿûսûнֻ֮սʱŻὫǱȫӳ
أ˫һƬѪ죬£ŷҲ¶֮ɫȻǲҵ͹
ȥϣӮ
˫Ѫ죬ȴȻѣʵǷǿٴιŷʱɵľҲ˲١
ƴȥĶˣûʤ㣡
־ᶨҧƴŷ棬ŷδ棬֮ҲСĹ
ŷ֮ʱ۱ĽУ۵ս׶ʱѿһСڣŷ汻һ
˼ĸֶԣķԱȽǿ󣬵ǣս׸Ϊǿһս𻵣Ǿͻʧȥһǿķ
۶ԽȤˡȱץסһԵõҪĶ
ŷЦâͬڿһֻ
붾սƺΪһ㣬ͬռϷ磬ԽսԽԶ֮ʧˡ
лЩȻ˶Ķʱһŷ涼ԸˣлЩơ
ŷҲоЩƣû뵽ʵҲûбʹ屾壬еЩȷ屾嵽׻жôǿʵ
㻹ʹ屾壬ҲԶûлʹˡ
ŷȻ˵һҪʹ屾壬ͬɳ㣬ϵıɳȥ
ŷ츳̫ǿˣҲҵ츳ǶͬȴȳԵģڵʵȵıսҲôҡңŷԵûоȫȫһսֻ¾ʹ屾壬ҲδػĶ֡
ԡѪԷͲԼϢĻᡣ
ŷӿ˽ٶȣĹĴΣգʹ֮ʱͻȻԴһƬѣΣȻûʹ屾塣

ŷͻȻһЦеɽȻ仯ɫ֮ǰĺɫΪɫؿ֮֮Ȼһɫ̺ۡ
屾壡
ʩչ屾壬ǣȻô޷仯屾壬Խˡ
˵߱
ŷ澹ȻٽǳֽУƵ˵
߱ʲô
аѾµؿڵɫ̺йء
жżרԸĶҩܲңѾ˱ʩչ߱Ҳ˵仯屾ĻᶼûˡˣۻǸһˣΪԷһһֱʵǵԸα壬ۿѹ㡣
ŷ˵֮ʱ¶ĽЦ⡣
һûʹǳָ֮ƣܵľɫҩ򵥣ǣĶԼӦÿֱߣߣǳ֮Ҳ˶
㣬Ľ֮һŷ棬ôܻʩչأ
ʵԿ߱ӣҪŪһЩ⡣
ðɣˣҲˡǱ۵ͽܡǶôలأ
ŷЦҲЦʮ
ǣǰôܻΪʦ
Ȼ
ʵ˵һʼǱȥҵĶ۰ΪʦѧȫѾǱ۵Ķ֡ԣֻжѡһѡǱɱһѡϱΪʶʱ˱ΪǱ۾͹ĳΪʦ
ŷ˵
ǣôὫȫѧ̸أ
ҡͷ˵
ô᣿ʱ۰ΪʦʱԸԶҩֻܽȫֶδۡˣ۾ٸһ¡ɽŲޱ۵֮ԶᱻΪǲǵǿߣʵǺܶ˶Դ⡣ɽ磬мӵжԶɵۣΪ붾£ǶˡԣǸͲ֪ζʲôһֱȴ˱ۡ
ŷԽ˵Խ⣬Ȼ˵ɵۣԪɵ۵ⲢûеģѾаնԸǶˣΪ۵߱ûκεɵۿȫߡҲζţǽǱɵ۵Ķ֡Ȼܹȡ屾壬۾ͽɽ޵С
޵Уѵһ׷Ľɽ޵ѵ㲻磬Ϊǿ֮𣿡


1845 ȵĿ
а̾ŷˣԼܣԻڵġ
ɽ޵УֻǱ۵ĵһƻ磬ǾץȵɡֻҪץסǶ۾ͽΪɽ֮磬׷Ѱǿľ硣
ŷ˷ܵ˵Ȼͷ˿Ц߱ܿ㽫ʧȥԭеⶾѪҺ֮˯ǲлľĸоǲǾѾƶˣ
⣬ôܡ
еʵͿ֮ɢֻҪ֮ǿʩչ屾ġ
ĵأŷԽ⣬ķȻɽָؿڣҪ֮룬Ҳ֮壬֮Ҳ߱
ðɣӮˡˣǸͽܣҲȵĶְɣǶˣһ֡ʧȥȣҲʧȥ˷İ취
ò
ͲõˡĶҲûãǣ۸߱һԿȡˣڱʱѾ߱Ҳ˵ǲӵġ
ŷеɽؿڡ
аЦڶԷΪԼɣҪõЩϢǲס
ܹͻʩֶΣɱ壬Ҳһа취֮塣Ǵ˻ᣬֻ¾;Ȳˡ
߱жôֻǵȶԸֶ
ʼϢĽĶʱͻȻֵԤУƺʲôԶԼ
Σգ
ԤкٻʱѾоԷԼ
˭أѵҪɱң
һʱ֮벻ףǣûãоǷѾŷ档
˭һɱҡɽͨѳĸǲɱģǶиǿĿԡҲˣûɱŷ档
ֻȽǰвǸˣʱ˵
ף
ŷһƺҲܵΣյĴڣĶȴûпҪѶϢ
ãʧȥˣҲΣաǸô£ôⱩ¶Ϣأ
Щ벻ͨԶϢƺڽӽ
ŷ治Ҵ⣬΢΢תͷԶĺӰ
ǺӰԼٶȽӽڽ֮⣬Ҳӵǿ
ǹ
ˣ˹ʲôԸŽƻǿأ
֡
ŷɫ΢䣬û뵽ԼõĽƣȻɵĴ˽һǿҵԼֻҪԼ춯ԷȻᷢ
ӰԽԽ֮ʱоһϤϢǸˣԼʶ֮ˡ
˭أôǿΪѵԪɵۣ
кܿˡ

ԶԶĴȻû뵽˾Ȼԯ
ߣǺˣвۣѵ֪۵𣿡
ŷȴҶȻ֪Է
˭Ҫſ

Ѿͷɽĳš
ӲˣȴԯԳ츳ǿΪԯΪ죬ֱͬһĴڡ
ŷޱȣǧҲû뵽·ɱǿߣڶԷĹв£ŷȽǰΣ
ĵȴţǴԯʱûɱŷ棬Ȼԯȴٳûз⵹Щʧˡ
˭
ŷʵ
ʮϢʱ䣬򣬱۾ͻṥ㡣
ԯ˵
¹۾ͷ
ŷ潲
ԯΪĵȴʱţŷ浹Щסˣ̾ãھͷ
ŷ滺ĺˣ˳֮תǰĺӰ
ಣ
Ӱ˲ȻӵϷʱŷЦһնǺӰ

ԯһһӭǽȴһƺߴŷ澹Ȼ㱻ʮ֮ң
ôܣȫһѵ츳Զ֮ϣ˭ôô
ŷд󾪣֪ɽʱĸ֡
µ˭
ŷȻԯô벻˭
ԯ
ԯȻ˵Ѿˣеɽ΢΢š
ԯ۴δ˵šȻӱжˣǾ뱾۾һսɣ
ŷһۣȴøԯ
㣬Ǳ۵Ķ֡
ԯŷһۣʮ˵
Ըͷˣŷ棬δ¹˭
ŷǲ
ŷ棬ţɽĽ֮һ
ԯȻеôˣ
û£
ȻһЦȻӵһԾؿ֮ɫ˲ʧĸɸɾϵ˿ٶȻָš
ûжԭƭҵģ
ԯȵ
ŷҲˣԼ߱ôһ¶ûУѵղװ


1846 
ûƭ㣬ֻƭ׼ڹؼʱ̸һǣȥûϵˡ
ʵ˵
ԭˣ֪ҾͲˡ
ԯЦ
ŷô벻ܹ߱Ķأʱ򣬶Էֶһ֣ƶԼһƺΪ
á֮Ӳ۵ġ
ŷʮֲˬ˵Ѿ׼ˡ
ɱǱ۽ɱ㡣
ԯһתɱӯ⵹ŷһ
ߣ
ŷһѾ˲ƣ׼ٶ˵ء
ӣ
ԯȵҲͬʱ˲ʧ
ھǿҲӵеڵΪǾ̫ˡ
ֻܿŶʧȴﲻʲôæ
ŷһܣԯ׷ͻʩһƣûʩ
˵ٶ̫죬Ѿʧ÷˽ƣȴ֪˵ȥ
ŷ棬ȻŶԯʩעʧԯ츳ôܻⲻĶ
аʱȵĻԯΪŶãȻѾﵽ˵ڵΪղԹŷ棬ŷ治Ҳˡ
˶ʧЩˣ룬ǾûڵЩ֮壬Ͼһεջ治С
ķǿߣ󲿷ֶѾУô֮壬㹻һʱˣǣĿʼɡ
ڵ֮ȫɺԵĸоΪֻ࣬Ҫ˶ãлڡ
֮Ĳʵ̫ˣޱȿܽڣ츳ǿĵڸ֣Լ޷ܶԷ
һҵΪﵽڣԯҲδػҵĶ֡
а
ôʱȥˣôû
ԭصȣǣȴȵӰӶû
ֹ˼죬ŷȵΣʱȣɫҰޱȣؿһɽ´
ͨ
ܼȻӿеȥȻˤ˲ݴ֮С
ôأ
һѾȵǰ
磬̫ùˡ
߿вϵӿѪƺʣһ
δΪʮ˽⣬ԵͷȴҪ
˵붾ս̣
Ц˵ʮѵÿ˱ҵģ
Ǹˣֶαһ֮⣬ʵ治ôС̽󣬷ûʲôвͽɱˡ
ȿЦ
û֮ܿ壿
²
˵ǵù֮壬׼֮ͬ壬õķǣг⣬Ѿָ֮壬ͻȻıըҵ嶼ըģͱɱˡ
ȿвѪѾֹסˣϵȴޱȵί
Ȼܵùǣ㲻ӵлָƵôΪʲôôǱأ
ʵ
Ҷ챻ɱˣǸŷȴͻȻ֣ͻϮ֮£ңͽɱ⻹㣬һûӳȴֱĽˡ֮һǿߣŷսûʱŷѾ¶ȻʹӶˡ
ǸŮǷʶ㣬ΪץǵģǾͻѱ֣˵ǲĳˣһҪɱʲôġŮӻҪɱҡɱңѾˣǱ˲룬ǣȴһؿڡ
ļ̫ǿˣȻ͸ҵ塣֪ҵӲȵģô벻Ǽôǿ
ȻҾֻ׸ˣ˵ֻҪһ֧ͻᱬըҾͻԴӽɽҲû飬һȴǱġ㿴ңﻹһڵˡ
ӡҾ󲿷ǣҺڶڻָơԭ׼ɱҵģ׹ܲĵʱҾ˵ҵѡǣûɱңȴҲȫңȻߡ
ȿޱȵ˵ݺݵĵһȻ˵Ǹ˵˭ǲѣ
ʲôʲôǸˣһʶԯǣĹϵã㱻ɱ
ٺЦвԼҲ㱻ԯɱһƺѾȥܾˣһһȤĻ䡣
ƭˣ֮У֪˴𰸡ǵù֪Ҳĵˡ
ȿЦʧȥ˻ָʱ򣬿ĻΪҵҲû·ĿΪ˱ܿԯĸ١
Һͬ㣬ǣ㲻ҵ鷳һУҵģ
Цȴʱı״оǺЦ
ȥҶˣҲһ¡Уܰҽ⿪ӡ𣿡
Ⱥ⿪ӡǹؼ
΢һ̽飬˵ۼڸֵֶΣ޷еķӡ
ʲôҪҲûа취ҿô죿
Ƶ
ֻ˵̫ùˡѵΪսû취ʩµķӡ
Щɵʵ
ԣҲһʱܰ쵽ģҲҪܳһʱ䡣浹ùǸԯʲôͷ˵˵
ҧ˵һαԯĥĺܲңɽ۵֮һȻ׵ķŹԯ
ԯ֮ԯ겻ţɽһʱΪԶѷңǣڶ̶̼Ϊ㲻֮¡Ѿﵽ˵ڵΪٶѾԶҡԣֻܳ츳ûǿ󡣡
˵л治ʵ˲пᣬʵҪǿںųĽ֮һŷ档
ɽ绹Ĺܣ£ɽ粻˻߱ʽ㣬ҲΪԭ򣬶ңǱʶ֮·ӵʲôأ츳Ȼҡ
˼ţȻ²ԭ򣬵ȴһйµˣƽˡ
ȣȻУô׵ķߣÿ𣿡
Ц˵
Ȼܡðɣ֪ûĸ٣Ҳܿ֡ʱɵþҡ
ȿЦ
ԭˡ
Ҳ¶˿ЦʱȴһӰڶǰ˲ԯֻ˭
ԯѾ࣬Ϊǿǰ˵ʸΪޱȵŮӣʤ֮ǰɽѪ
ԭѡ
ԯЦ΢΢һЦȴ崺ĸо
ԯþòû뵽ѾΪ˵ڵɵۣʵ̫ҵ֮ˡ
ҲЦ˵
ҲȻﵽ˵ڵΪ
ԯ˵
ιǱ˵ˣ㻹ˣ𣿡
ȴ˶˵̸
УֲҴģΪʲôҪˣ
Ц˵
ûļһԯ֪ҵˣҲȡڵķӡ˰ɣ
Ц˵
ߣѶ㣬ΪҪ㡣ڿʼԱˣҲɱ㡣
ԯȵһҲ
ԯвңһڵġ
ȵƢҲԯˣһֱȺܹίʱֱԯвʮŭ
Ϊ˭۵ΪҪǿ㣬óƱΪǰ
ԯȵкһܿȡ
һԯĹָоԻӡ̸̣ܵвȻھ󲿷ӡͬʱԷһɱԼ
ɱ壬һпɱ֮壬ȾôʱԼֱһǴһԷԼˡ
ԯͻȻԹָȣ⵹ǳ֮⣬ԭΪԯܺ˵û뵽ȴƵģȻ˿
ԯлԲҪô嶯𣿡
ѡ˵⡣
죬飬ܣҾͻɱ㡣
ԯɼָ
ɱңɣб¾ɱңҵǲ㡣
֪ԼԯнģɱԼһΣһΣӦµ֡
вۣ㲻ҪΪ۵治ɱ㡣
ԯͻȻͱˣ绻һƵģɱӿȫ
磬СģѾ㵱ʶǸԯˡ
д󾪣ʱ͵ķӦΨܲ⣬ΪԷķɼʵ̫ǿˡ
ѵһˣΪ󣬾ͻı飿ԯᷢı𣿡
ЩţĶԯ۾ȴꡣ
ıˣǣ֮ǰΪʲôҪأ
ʵ
ѾǵҲǵԯ㲻ҵĶ֣ҿԾҲ룬Ϊʲô֮ǰ㣬Ϊִ㡣
ԯ΢΢Ц⣬һתֶ׼ȡ
ԯڵġ
ǰֻǾԼùɴʱĿԯ䵭̬ȣбѾĵˡ
Եˣ˲̣ǲ̣ıܻԼ
ɽ֮Уȵ˳δľ棬ֱذܵľеķŭӿеɱԽԽǿҡ
۲ڡ
ԯȴɱȡ
ԯɱֵܣɱҰɣ
һǰ
㵲סҲûãҵķɼӱ󹥻
ԯȡ
˰ɣĿңʲôϵ
Ц˵һҲûֳ˿ɫ
磬ңɱҡ
ȵͻȻ¶һĨصЦ⣬⵹ҲЩ㲻ʲô
ðɣҲˣƴһ
ЦЦɵһԣ֪ԼԼԯǵԯΪǿȴı䡣
ԯֻǺȿЦѣһ㣬ͿԯɱȣҲڷӵ
ȶŭҲˣֹģһ뵽ȵΪڴʱ֮սͻԭеΪһ¡
ʧ֪ǸоȾͬһ㣬ǰǺܵùǣҲջĺô
ԯգգۣȻԶԶ뿪ȣʱȵзŭĪѾΧһУֻ֪ˣֻ֪Ҫ


1847 ҪŮ
ԯͷ֮ǰǰĿľΪ˰ʱǰΪɣֻȣ뿪Цѡ
ʲôۻɱ㣿̫߿ԼˡʲôȴۣǸѣƾʲôʸƱۣ
ԯ˵ڼҲͷֻŭޱȵһУֻ֪Լս񣬾ԲܻԷͶҲĺҡ
֪Ƚ󣬻᲻ԯĶ֣һǺڴԯ򲻹ȣǴҽͬҵĶ֡
аΪڴ
սҲǷ
еѾʼ䣬ֻȴ͵͵ЩΪҲҪʱġ
Ƿ
ԯеķɼѾʧƺһһֱмǿȵֱ۶һ޴ʯͷϡ
۲Ƿ
ڵķӡѾƣķ͵ĿһϵĶ֧ͬʱɳȥҲԼٶȻָš
ˣ
ԯһ۽ȴ¶һĨϲɫû뵽Է츳ǿ󣬾ȻԼһ̼ͽˡ
̫ˣ£еһƴˡ
аϲȻԼٶȣǻΪĽе˷ܲѡ
ӵеڵΪȵԽǿƵȬҲԯʱ˿̣ȵսȻ
ԯȥɣ
ȷŭĺ˲仯Ϊͷ۵ı壬Ȼ㳯ԯȥ
ԯսҲˣ棬ǲ䣬ļɽ޾ӭȵĹ
һȭ֮ȻԯԽˣȸΪŭֱͬʱǰȭԯҲһû뵽ۼڵȻǿ
˫ڿһʱ֮䣬ȭ뽣ӳսƾ֮ƣҲ˫˭ռơ
Ƭ֮ռЩ΢ƣΪǿ£ԯһֱںˣȻҲ˵ȵʵǿԯ
˶ŵĴͬս侫ʣһսȴǶ˸˭Ҳ޷ڶκ˭
ԯ츳ȣʵԹͻϮҲδصֵסȻȷԯҲмܡ
ʱоΪСΪ˵ĶԼ壬ԼĪʱ󣬶˽ˣսȴڼ
˽Ĺϵԣ˭Ҳ䣬Ȼ˵츳Զһսҹ˻δֳܷʤ
ಣ
ԯɵߣʱҲֹͣ˽ߺ޵Ķԯô벻Լ츳ȻֻԷսƽ֡
ֵܣȻ޷սʤҡٴȥ˭ʤأ
ԯЦ˵
Ҳƻܾ˰ɣ
ٺЦǲκһ
ԯ㲻ҪɱôھͲҼսˣ
ȴʵʵЩȻɽ޷սʤһͬΪŮӣԼսƺţʵЩûˡ
ߣҲˣδؾǱ۵Ķ֡۴˴ǰɲսģġ
ԯͬһֱ˶֣ȴû뵽ͬɵۻ
ʲôҲɱˣ
ЩԻˣΪԯɱԼģҲڻоôķŭ
ģôɱأ̫ˣҸղ⣬̼ġУ֮ǰҵ㣬㣬Ҳ⡣ںңǺ޴ˡ
ԯһȳˣŶãڳ̾һ磬Ҳ̫޳˰ʲô⣬ң
ҲΪðֻ˵Ƥ֮࣬ͱԹˡҵȴңǶѾˣһֻǵڵΪ
Ц
ǰҽˣڵʵǿ󰡣ʲôֱӱɱ
Ⱥ˷Ȼǳ˲ٿͷɱڣЩʲô
ˣˡҽڣǶֶδҵĶ֡
˵
ܣ
ԯͬʱ˵
ôܣ
ʵ
磬㲻ʹ屾壬δػҵĶ֡ʹ屾壬ҲδǶĶ֡
ȿ˵
Ҳ֮󣬻һһ˵Ķ֡
ԯĻֻЦЦϾԼδ򣬻Ҫһѵðɣǣ˰ɣ
ȥɴѡ˱ֵ͵
磬Щ굽ȥˣ֪һֱ㡣
ԯһᣬҪ޳ˡ
ǰɣҾ֪֮
ȿŶˣжʱ˶֮һвɸ˵Ĺ¡
ȥģҺ˵ﵷҡ
ԯ˵һҲ
ðɣ㣬ģȥ
ѾµôˣʱҲ˭෴Ƕ˵İԼҲڡ
ȥԯȻ˼ƣԼͬʱһɽͷ͵Ҳᱻԯǰ֡


1848 ǿ츳
ԯǸʲô
Ц
磬ҷɣôָʲô
ԯһЦЦǡ
Щôģϴ
Ц˵Щҿԯ
ԯԼ뿪ԯɴľо˲飬ȻԯӲƾһɽ綥ʵݼ㣬Ҳò
ˣҸʲô
ͻȻʵ
ңҪŮˡ
ԯˣҲ͵һ
㿪ʲôЦŻˣҵСᱻġ
æ˵
û㿪ЦΪΪ㣬䲻㣬ǣҵΪ㻹ǿѵ䲻𣿡
ԯ˵
˵ˣҾ͵δ£Ҫˡ
תߣл治˵ȥֶŮ鳤飬Լû̸۵ġ
һ
ԯŵ
кΣΧԷ½ˣԼߣߵȥʹ촩͸ơ
㵽Ҿ͸ȥ
ԯ˵ҲֹǸĲ
֣Ҹʲôȥɣ
ѵ֪治ϣԯˮ
Ҿȥ㵽Ҿ͵
ԯն˵
ʮΣֻܼ죬Ȼٶȴ͸ԯõĽơ
ԯΪӲȥǺ֪ܿԼ͹ߺԯ׷ȥ
ԯΪǿһȼԣʹߣԯٶҲһϡ
һȦҲûԯǱȥȣҵȺԯҲ˹
һݣⲽͻȻвЩ֣ɵԯҲ̾ˡ
磬ʲôŵġ
Ц˵
ȣ԰ҵסԯ𣿡
òȡ
㿪ʲôЦǸŮ˵ʵңȥǲѰ·˵ˣһŮˣҾӮҲʣοҪһˣ̫ˡܣæҿɲ
ҡͷ˵
ʲôֵܣæҷˡ
վһʱ֮Ҳ벻ʲôȽϺõİ⡣
ȣϴδ㣬ʽȴ翴СŮ֪ķϣԭСŮӵ֮
ԯ°ݣΪͬɵۣȴг˴
ҵҵ𡣡
д󾪣æ˫ֱȭĻô˵ԷԼͬĵۼ֣ǵ£ô˴أ
ԯ΢ЦֵȴСԺɾ͸ȴˣȴСá
һ죿ûɣ
㶵˵һۣԯ⡣
ȣˣԺǸԷչɣ
ԥ˵Ȼûӡ
Уô˦أ
ȵ׷ȥԯϵЦŨˣҲŲæĸϡ
ˣܵˡ
ʹҲ޷Ѷ˵׷١
֮εͣΣ˶Ѿﵽ˵ۼڵΪԼӡ
ԯȼͬʱǰ⼸콻˲٣֮ǰĶԹɢϾȻûɵսԯ
֪֮ԼʹҲһԯĶ֣ĿԱǶܾˣԯҲȵʵҲ֪Ѵȡ
οĹϵԣԯȸı̬ȣȹģһһȴ磬ҲԯǾ͸ûԭԯˡ
˳ΪѺܰѶ˵׷棬ԣֻܽܶ˸ŵʵ
磬ôˣ
ȹЦѵüԱԲŻЦ˿ġ
Ĭţǲаãһ϶ҪԼ
ԯã磬һֽѵΣ
ȻЦ
ãȴġ
ԯЦе˵Զ˵ʵûл֮
ǰɣⲻ۸𣿶ǵڵΪһԸˣһϣȥ
Ƶ˵ǣѾ⣬ܿԯֲʮƣȻǲ׵ķŹ
磬ҪСˣҲġ
ԯЦɣͬʱһ
СӣôƯŮӵ׷⣬ңͬˡ
аϾԯƯʳڣҾԲǻƿ츳㵽磬ͬԻͷˣŮˣ˵ˡ
ͶͶǱ
ܹ˵ǶԷһˣԼ֧һڵĸ֣츳ʮֵǿԼôܻǶأ
ϣ
ȺٺһЦһȭͷѾؿڡ
α£ܣؿѾһȭ屻ɳȥʱԯɽѾǺ֮
ԯδȫֻʹһôĺ󱳣˳ǰƣ֮ȴֻһǳǳĽۡ


1849 
ս׶ãôӵǿҴﵽ˵ΪҲֱĽ
ԯд󾪣ǰ֪츳ʮǿ󣬿ȴûϵ˱̬
ȵȭͷֵΪ˽ԣȿɲ̫ʵһȭѪɼ֮󣬾Բġ
ԯãƤʹһҲоʹ
Цѵ
õģ
ԯҲ˼һǰһζչɳһ㣬˻ǰǰ󣬿޻֮
֮£ʹϵʵķҲǿˣҲȻǶ˵Ķ֡
츳һĵڸ֣αԶˣҲδûһս֮ǣƫƫ츳ѵĶ֣Եô
磬㻹ʹУǿɾ͵óԲٿͷˡ
Ц֪֮Ҳһս֮
УʲôľУǵĹ£κεĻ֮
ԯޱȵ˵Ͼܹŵڣ֤츳ˣʧȥսˡ
һˣ۸ңôҲҪǸһۡ
˵֮䣬Ѿ屾塣
׼͵ĺˣȻɢѹ
ԯȫסˣû뵽ȻĻΪһĻʵ̫ˣԯһĿɿڴ顣
֮оѹȵѹԼҲ̫ܲѹҲ˵Լȫһս֮
ڴ֮ǰң棬Ҳûʹ屾壬δûһս֮ʱڶ츳ֵΧ£ʹ屾塣
۸ĻѵãԯãɲҪ飬ϽɱС
ȺٺЦ͵ĳ
ߣ
һ޴͵һڻ棬ΪҲٴ
³ڻʱֻɫѾڵɫ״̬
δ⣬ʹ˫ȭҪɢǣ˫ȭľӴɫе󾪡
⵭ɫĻ澹Ȼ˲ȵ˫ȭ֮ȼգֻǶݵʱ䣬ɫĻѾȵȫ֡
ԯˣֻԶԶǻ棬֮ǿвԼ塣
ʲô棬̫аˡ
ȷĻâ޷ֹϮսҲʼȼңȼյĻ滹ӵпֲЧ
аϲŽ⵭ɫ֮ǣɫֱϮȡ
ȫ⵭ɫ棬ȴû뵽繥ͻȻڻ֮Уݺݵ϶µȡ

Ȳҽһŵһɽζ弸ֲˡ
ԯã㻹ڵʲôҿסˡ
ȴɲǶ۸Ľˡ
磬
ԯһ͵һն塣
ͷûأǼʩչȣûԯĽ
¡
ԯ󾪣û뵽ԼĽȻڶԷϵˣԷϣֻϸ΢ĺۼ
̫ˣ۰
ͷ˵ƾ屾϶ԵԷνǣʹȴǰ
Ҫɱ㡣
ŭˣ͵ʩչ˲ơ
ջػ棬ȻԽԷ֮壬Ⱦӳ˻֣ȴҲ˲صĴۡ
ȵͷѾջһ룬ϵսףѾһ룬ȫһڻңʮֵǱ
ԯղŻǱ˽ȴû뵽һвûУǣһģ¡
ɱ
ԯչ˲ƣο磬Ҳٶܣǣջûȫܿ
ǿֲĽնβ֮ϣʹҽһͷһڵɫĻ档
ԯֱ֪ʹ˲ܣǣܵ˲䣬ԯǻ澹ȻҲڿ˲ˡ
һ˲Σԯڶ㿪Ļ湥ûԯȴһҫ۵Լͷͷ¡

ԯĲҽĻϣζԲܣսҲһĺۼȫս׸ţͷû
սףԯҲܵǿеҲⲻһҵʹ
ƺһβ֮ԯһһ̫ǿˣҪβȫնϡ
ԯһҲжϳҲ޷ֵıն壬롣
С壡
һ޴屾ѾָαСһβϵҲԼٶȻָš
ǿĻָǿ츳֮һƾһ㣬ԯ츳ҲȲ
Ϣʱ֮Ѿָһ룬ԯһ˿УȵȥսףΪͷ۵ı塣
֮³˴һξȭ״̬£붯ֵܹסȵȭ
̫ɶˡ
ԯһ｣Ϊ˰ȫԯʮֽԶ빥
ʩչֹѹһȦȦ棬Щ潫ȫ֣Աⱻ˽
ޱȣֶԸȣлʱϮԯһʱ֮䣬ǣס˶ˣȥ·硣
ԯҲߣܿӦĻ繥ڴ֮󣬶˵Ĺǿǣ˸ѹ
㻯屾壬Ȼ޷ˣˣÿһιҪܾ޴ѹ
ȭ뽣֯³ƿһҲСڵǿߣȫ£ֻܰнп࣬ƾ޷ˣǺѹһСȦӣеɫ滷ƣű˶˵Ľ
˸ıص˺һһΣÿһεƶʹǳ֮ȫ£ϵƣָٶҲԽԽ졣
̱սУ⼸ڷս
˳ϵĹ˺ۣȴʼ޷ɱ壬Ҳǿ־ƴ֣䲻Ϯǣⳡսһս
ҲΣù£ԼԿԯȻսһҲû״ҪǴȥֱǶˡ
ԯγƣԭΪƾԼ츳ͬҲδػΪȣҲʼ޷
ԯãʲôУҴˣҪǴ򲻰Ƕûӡ
ȴȵѾðսش򣬼ȥʵںӮⳡսʤ
ҲǵڵΪָңʲô취
ԯЦȴһʹУǲǾشأΪһβɱԣԯʹǿĹ
ԯҲʹˣİɣҪɱң㻹ûǸ¡
̼ȻѾսˣǾͼƴȥҲÿԼʶԯǿ󹥻
ԯʹУŵĻбݺݵĴ̼ˣԹ׼
㶣ǿ˽ĽѹһĻΧڣÿԸԯṩᡣ
ಣ
ֱʩչ˲ƣʱΪӮʤȻ׵ԯʹУԯ¶Ц⣬˲֮ʱеĹȻ
ĸоʮֲܵĸоʮΣգҲŷ֮ԷҲԸⱻԯԭڡ
̫ǿϢôܰѣֻӲľ֮
аʱȵĹԽϬҲЩƣӦ
ಣ
ԯļʸȻûɵʵ壬һٶȸǿ쵽޷ܣȴƿ֮ʱҺһ
ʸβ֮ĳǿҲδֵܵסԯι
ǿĹĹֻҲˡ
ȱһиȷԯĶ֡
ʸ͸ľβȻ˺ܾãֱƱԵŷһıը֮
屻͸ʹڿзתǳ֮屾ĳǿָҲҪһʱָơ
ԯ¶صЦ⣬Ѿˣٴηɼһͬβʹ
ȥ
˲䷢繥ǵص潫֣ԯҲͬʱҽ֮
ԯһľβ֮Уȴûд͸һĻһҪһʱȴѾ̫ˡ
¡
֧ʸһ춯صıһ¡죬Ļ繥Ҳȫֹͣˡ
βըˣʹһ˻ڿзĽ
̫˰ɣԳܣҲһη񹥻ɣ
аͻȻȫΣȻ˻ΪһֻɫȭͷһĻԯҲΪ֮һ㶡
磬Ҳǹġ
ԯĲҽвΪ֮һʹԼһɱͬĵڸ֣ԣ֪
ҽţѾȵ䣬һŷ壬ȻֻɫȭͷȻڿ˲ˡ
䣡
ɫȭͷȭ屾壬õĻûܵסȣȭ֮ȷٵ˺Ȼָ˱壬ɫȴһƬ԰ס
ȭ֮£Ȼıըգ֮䣬֮⣬Ѿըѡ
ȣ̫ˣôɱأ
ԯŭˣԹ׼ȡ
ԯãҪɱҰ
ȴ󾪣ԼոʹУ̫ʱǱԯУ㲻Ҳˡ
磡
ԯеֻȴ˺
ֻʣ¿Ц©ƫҹ꣬󶥼й徹ȻըһѪģڻףԼΪҪˡ
ԯҪȴȷסˣԯãȥ˵ġ
㣡Ҫɱ㡣
ԯŭĺɱȲڣ档
ǰɣҿѰ
ȱ˵ߵֵԯĹ


1850 ֮ս
ʱԯδʹȻûɥʧǣȻ治ԯͨڿսһš
ЦҡҡͷʩչطǱըѸٵıһƬâ֣Ȼȫµ屾ڿнΡ
α£ʧȥȫ壬ָ֮ΪӦĽͣʱȴģˣΪָܻ֮ǰΪ
ԼĪƬ֮Ѿɣڵǵûм٣ӵƣֻ˸ղŵĹȴ۵ļιȥ
һɪ˶ˣһҴﵽڵΪɵĴǡ
ŵ˵һս̽ԼΪϣȴû츳ϡ
ֻ֮еΪӵеΪ츳ɱˣԣԼ츳ǲڶˡ

ԯһ㶵û뵽Ȼָ壬ȥȻͬû¶һ㡣
˵츳ֱ̬ǵƶûʲôӰ졣ǣҸղźԴҲӰΪ
ȺٺЦ
ȻǱ̬Ĳ壡
ԯ˵ȴ¶õЦ⡣
ˣǵֹ̫ǿͶ
ЦŻָα壬ȴǶԼ屾ˣһһ䣬Ҳ̫ҡ
Ȼ䣬ǽˡ
ЦȴѾ֪ʵʵȫԽսԼ
磬ǿˣΪʲô硣
ԯƤһЦգգۡ
עԼôΪˣȻѾҲֻˡ
һ£Լ֮棬ѾҪˣȥǡ磬ǾңΣ
˵
νǵÿԯõ˼ˡ
ЦǺǵ˵
УȥģҾ͸ȥ
ԯ϶˵ҲΣֻЭ
ðɣǶ͵һ㣬Ҫչֳ̫ǿΪ
˵󣬱㽫ΪۼڣԯҲ׷׽ΪȻ
ɽ֮УȻڷսսΪķʽǰڶϵͳ£ֳɶվš
ӭع飡
ͬȵΪ֮һ
ѽ磬ʲôʱˣѽ
ԯǺЦЩЦ
ûʲô˲ġ
ȹЦ
Լȴ಻סˡ
˭ҶϾԲ̡
ɷĿ˵ݺݵĵȡ
ߣһԪڵһ˿ġ
ҲƵ˵
ͬʱȷѣȴûΪԯҪΪԯǸŮӵԵʡ
Ƕʲô
ȵǶڵɵۣȻ˶Լ˵
ɱ׼
ͬʱŭ˵
У˵ƾǣ𣿡
ȹӵö˶ʱ޵ҧгݣȴΪûж
ʮɵ۵ţȴ޸оϾȻ¶Ц⣬һԪ˶ŭˡ
һ̽飬ʱڣȻ˽ˣһ˾Ȼ˵ۼڡ
һԸ
ӻ֣ͬʱͷǣʱȴЦһǿ¶ԸңҲ̫ûò˰ɣ
ã˭Ҫôš
ԯǺЦ
ԹˣֻͬսһɱΥŶ
գգۣʾֻʹۼڵΪ
ðɣȻҾ档
ȹЦ׾ĽЦ⣬ÿ֡
Ҳȥսɣ
һӣһԪڵĵӱѾȥ
ʲô
ԯаԲ²⣬ϵЩ˼ˡ
̸̸ɣ
һʯϣ˼Ÿ˵
ԯҲЩۼ˵棬ػʮҪ顣
㲻ܸңѾŮˡ
˵
ʲô
ԯ͵һһֱⷽ飬ʱͻȻ飬ʱ絶ʰܡ
ΪˣԣҲܴ㣬⡣
ǸЦЦЩ˵ⷬ
ԯɫ˲Ĳ԰ף˫Ķҧ˵ҲܣʲôܣѾŮˣҲҪ㣬ҲҪŮˡ
ʲôԸŮ˷ȥ㲻˽𣿡
ʵ
ҲԸ⣬ʲô취ѵҪɱŮ𣿾ɱҲԭҡԣֻܽǸŮ˭һ㣬Ը𣿡
ԯЦ
һһȺˡ
ε˵

ԯȻվеɽѾ֣ȻǱŭˡ
ҵȻԣҲŸ㡣ҪǱңҾͲˡ
͵
ңǵ֣ѡһˣҲɱˣһȫɱˡ


1851 
ԯкޡ
ȻɱǣΪθ֡УͱǰװˣһŮǲɱ޹ġ
Ȼ˵
ɶôôŮˣѵ㲻鷳𣿡
ԯŭ
Ȼ鷳ϣһ㻹Ǳˣί
ĻԯԽί
أ۸ˣ
ԯ֪˵ЩʲôȻ޳ԽԽ
ڵĶ֣ô˵޾ͿأǸˣУŮ˿ˡ
ε˵֪ԯǸܵŮӣٵʶʱͬһŰֽ
ҲܣҾҪޣ
ԯ޵
ȥ
һģתߡ
ԯţҲѾ뿪֮Ǿί
һ˶սˣ֮ѾĻͷҲȵĶ֣޻֮
ǵʵ̫ˣû˼
ȴô⣬Ϊͬսȴ֮ܵҡ
ÿһս
Щƣֱӳȡ
ǰɣ۸ң𣿡
ƵĽеֻӳۼڵΪԴ
֮ͬսдŭɽҲûƾȭͷȶԺ䣬ղŻռƵȣȭͷȴϵĺˡ
Һƴˡ
ҲˣͬļԼֺ˭±仯壬Ȼҵһս
ƾۼڵΪûʹκεȭͷ㻹ȭͷǣȭͷȴǿ˹ͷ̬ӭսҲ޷ռ˿ıˡ
ǣķǿ죬֮ͬսУӹһԣȿǳ˴
ŭŽսȴǱˣΧһԪڵӣһųݵĿ
ۼڸ֣ʱ֪츳ǿʲôز˵ǸѾʮˣǣ㲻ʲô
̫ˣͶԲ
ֻ嶼챻ըˣư֪ô£ʱĹ̫׺ˡ
УҲͶһҪſΪֹ
ŭȵйߵĶ
ԯһڲᣬȵȥ󣬷ȴ򶷣Խί
Ҫɱ㣬
ԯŭ͵ĳȥͬ˫ȭ
һԪ˿Ŀɿڴû뵽ԯһŮӣ츳Ҳǿ˹Ȼһȭɡ
ԯãĺáٴ֣ݺݵ
ϲһѾԯߡ
֮£ʱҲûǰľ޴ƣڶ˵ֹ£ս˸ƾС
δʹ츳ƾʵսƽ֣츳֮ǿöпһսһֱţԶҲûнһ㡣
ɷʱҲЦҡͷΪԼǳĵһ֣ˣûһ˻Լѹֵֻǰ
һսҹԯ̱ȴԽսԽ£˸ͲĶ֡
̾˿Ŷ˱ˣйⲻȥˣò˶ñָ˶˵ơ
ԯƿЦѾף츳ȣǾԱȲϵģȻָΪͬ¡
һԪҲпǧһͨһսû˻ûʸһԪڵ
֮ҪһԪڣЩɵ۷׷аϲһԪڶĸ֣ԻǿһԪڵ
ͷЦ˼ͬţһԪڣ⸱֮λģû
ûУ
˶ͬΪѾ֤ʵ˽Բ˭ҷأ
磬ҲҪһԪڣϣȫ
ԯ˵һ棬һԪ˷׷׷
ʮΣԯԼ϶ϲߣȻҪ룬Լô˵Ӧأ
ðɣҲΪһԪڸ
ͷ˵Ҳ顣
һԪڵʵǴǣưԱɽ磬Ҳֻʱ⡣
񣬸ʮɵʱҲˣھȥᱱɽʮɣǳһԪڵĵλ
Ц˵˵꣬ȴʮɵ۴ɽС
ȻҴһԪڡ
ȵ˳ɽȡ
µ˲μȴۣ
Ǽʮɵͬʱ
ȺٺһЦ˵磬Щһ·յСܣȻҲһԪڣҲһһԪڣ֪Σ

ƽ˵
ЩǰһаԳԾû뵽ҲһԪڣһֻһ
ȻۼɵۣȴԶԶһԪڵӵʵ
а
Щˣ󲿷ֶһԪڣȻȴԵЩһĵȡ
ǻһԪڣѵ𣿡
һȣͬèһ㣬׷׹ڵأƲҡ
ȴۣȴһԪڵҵԻһԪڡƾʲôܵԪڵ


1852 ʮɵ
һָ˵һҲ
⼸Ҳ׷׷ѣһЩѱȴŭЩѵɣȻҲ
Ǳڱɱǡ
ȴŭЩ˶ʱ¶־֮ɫϾ˽⣬ɾԲ飬˵һһ˵Ƕ
ţȣǷ㣬ȴңǿġչʾһʵǲŻķڷ
˵ϵû˿Ĳá
һԪ˷׷¶Ц֮ɫ֪ǿʵƾۼڵɵۣ治Ķ֡
ǿԴңҾͷ㣬ȻһԪڣҲ
һ˿˵Ҳͬʱͷ
һǲײĲᰡҲգҪԿǵı㡣
ЦЦˣʵҪѹסˣûκεѶȡ
ۼڣǿΪһ֪磬һϰɣ۽֪ʲôˣ졣
̬ϸֳЦ⡣
ƺĻ˽ΪֻеΪͬɵۣ֮£Էôܻʤأ
ˣǾһϣҪܹͣȻǲܵġ
ȹЦ
ǣȴۣ
ͬʱ˵Ȼ׷׼ɽʱ׼һս
ҲһЩѣǣԲһ죬ˡ
ɷа˱ʤ
ӮˣʱڣһԷֳʤ
һЦ⣬Ѱ鷳
ԯҡҡͷ֪˶ԣֻбɱķݣⳡսûκε
ɣ
һ˹ֵ
ԸǣҪ𣿡
֣΢Цˡ
Ѿսռ䣬Ҳ̫ˣͬսȻʹɽһսˣֱ̫ˡ
һ˴һǿĽֱն˵ľĿ֮Уûӭսûܡ

У˵Ľֱնؿڣս׶ûӭ˽
һ֮ɵȴǲҺһֻһǿӶԷϷ徹Ȼڿбʮɣڸһ顣
üëûһ£ƤûҲκνն˿ڣһ˶ۡ
ңҲû취ֱۼɵ۽Ĺһ̬Ĺ
ԯҡҡͷ֪ķѾǿͬɵ۹ľˡ
ⲻܣԲܡ
ɵƴҡͷȻٴնһͬЧ屻ɳȥȴ
Ǹ֣һ𹥻
һ˺ȵ
˵ĽǿȻһɾɡ
Ҳ֪ԷʹʲôȻѾڲ֮أʱֲ󣬽˵ĽӣȻ
һΣ˵ĹǺЧܵķ֮ȴ쳣ǿ󣬼˶ˣΪ˵ĽӣѾľˡ
ɷɶһۣ˶ӶԷп˾֮ɫ֪ӮȴҲû뵽ǿ˵ĵز
ðɣǻʲôУʹɣ۾ƾǹ
΢Ц˵ǣʹĹ˱ɵķ׷Ѫ֮⣬Ȼ޼ƿʩ
ķ̫ǿҵʮǣҵ޷Ҳûлҵȣǻǲ
һ˵
һЦһԪڵǶ֪һ֪Ѿڲ֮أԶˣȴǲⲻô
ŶԭˣһǷ
ЦЦһӣһǿʱӿˣͬʱ׷׸о屻һɴ֡

ȴ˵һУ˵㱻˹ȥôҲ޼¡
£
һ˵ͬʱڿзתˤ棬ͬʱ˹ݵƣ˷ǣȴûһ˿
ǲֻˡ
ָ΢˶ʱŵĻ亹
·ˣʵȫɱ¡
һ˾ֵĽе
Ҳɵӣͬʱģû˻ỳ˲ʩչɱ֮
Ϊ̫ǿˣɱۼڵĸֱ֣˲š
Ѫɷ̾Ӷɳˡ
Ѫɷ׷ǿߣǱҰ꣡
˷ܵĺ
꣡
һԪڵĵӷ׷ۺҲĺ꣡
꣡
ԯһۣȻҲͬʱȭɽ֮о˵ļȴƽһУȲƲҲֹ
ȴȫһԪںһԪڵǰǿҲ˵λƾǰλۼڵĸ֣һǿûκɵСӡοɽкܴһֶָѾȵС
һͳɽ磬鲢ûеôѣһºһԪȫڿγ˺ѹѹһƬ
һԪʮˣҲӵɵ۳ڵΪһȺˣϢȴڿγһǿޱȵơ
ɽһڤڣѾȺףֱڤڣһ·ϣ˵赲
˶ĵۼڱɽϿշУͨʿϢ˳ȥǣһԪڱɽγ˺䶯֮ơ
ڤڣѾΪһǣټɳǣȴ࣬Щ˸԰ռڤһǡ
ǰ֮ʱмǰ赲⵹һԪа߲֪

һڳ֮ϣȵ
һѾΪһҲչֳڵΪûбԷ
ˣΪҲӵнڣǿһѾﵽ޽ɺڣˣ̽Ϊһͬʱ¶˵Ц⡣
һ֣˽󣬶ͬʱռλãһ˰Χ
ʲô˼ýڤɳҲˣѵǻɱڲɣ
ɫƽ˵ʱѾ̽鵽ۼɵ۰п̽
һȺ֪Ķѵ֪ڤɳǾȻҴ˵أǾѰ·ڣãǵĹ
Ǵ޽֮˿Ц
һԪ˷׷ЦǸһǻĲͷˣȻҶһȺɵš

ɷȵ˶
ɷˣһԪ˷׷׺Ҳ֪ƾʲôôš
΢̧֣̱͡
ʲôɵģ
޽֮оЩԾǾʶԷš
ҵһԪ֮ˡ
˵
һԪڣʲôɣɴδ˵
޽֮˼һǶûӡΧȷʵûɡ
֮ɶѣǰڤɳΪ£
޽֮˼ʵзЩˣȻûһ¶η֮ɫ
ڤɳǣʲô£ѵڤ֮ˣ
Цŷʵ
ߣ񣬱ռڤɳţǾǳһԣǼȻУɶ޻ءһȺ־ܣ
޽֮ЦѾ˵Ϊ̽һ飬ǿ֮ҲֻнɺڣԣЩ˶Լûκεв
Ͷɣɽ뷨ҲǲΪǡ
һ˴ЦŨŨɱ⡣
˽Ϊ˱ɣȴЦ˵λǻûԵʲôˣΪӮˣǲЩԸأ
ͬʱһ㶣Ǵ޽ɺ֮˶࿴ۣȻоЩ죬ǰ֮ˣԼƺ
֪º֮˵
޽ɺ֮ǿװ򶨵
ʮɵ˰ΧţעɽΪĽٷˡҲ㣬ΪΪǵΪڽڡ
΢Ц˵˻һ˾ͬʯһ㣬һĿɿڴ
ʮɵۣƭ˭
޽ɺ֮˾ȴԽоԷɵˣԼѰİɣ
㵽˭
޽֮˺ںδ
һԪ
˵

޽ɺ̧֮ͷ˳ҵͨһ۱㿴ͼ
ɵۣԲм١
޽ɺ֮˻ˣܿ㷢ȣŵһ˫ֱͱιȥ
ۼ֣үѵ˵ģЩȫǵۼ֣үôôùˡ
޽֮˽²ȣӳˤǰȴ̹ڵأġ
˼ϴͶˣҲͬʱģ˵ģȴǲΪ
죬𡣡
һȣǴ޽ɶʱƿ
˵ⱱɽһڤڣǱһԪڤɵȫս𼶱Ҳһ˲ʣ򣬾ƾ޽ɺڵΪôڴռΪ
˵˼ɵˣɽһڣȻǱһԪһԪڵжôǿʵֱһհ
ǰϹˣð˸λǰ»֮Ӱ
޽֪֮ɣôǿţôۼ֣һģǲ֪ʲô
ھԱ֮壬ǣҲ֪ЩۼǰҲԲôףһԼ춯ʱķǳ֮ҡ
ڣΪǰ˵ءڤѾʵΪһԪڣҲΪһԪɳǣһԪ֮ˣκ˲Դ룬Υ߸ɱۡ
˵˵ǰ˵Щ͵
ˡ
޽֮˾ֵ˵
۸˱ɽŴɼʱ䣬Щ˲ûۣ񣬱ٸһλᣬڤڱǰ֮۽鲻ͲɱˣȥϢȥɽɣ˵Ҫһͳɽ磬Ը⳼ģǰģ¾Ӣɱ˴ɣȻ޷Ϣӳɽ磬Ҳ޷ӹڸֵ׷ɱ


1853 Ԫɵˮ

ǣлǰ֮һ߾ȫϢݳȥ
޽֮˹˵
ɷȥЩ͵ɵΪڵۼģһɸߣߣɱ⡣ɣ·Բǧ֮أýκ˵Ҵ룬ɱۡ
ϵ
֮
ͬʱ
ʱɵͬһǰˣΪǿѾﵽ˵ۼڵΪ
ſۣǻڵģһڵġ
Ǹۼڵɵۿ
ڣƾ㣬ʲôʸñڣ
м˵
һŹģҪΪ͵ϮڤڣΪ˲ЩˣͼΪɽעֻΡ
ǸۼڵɵЦ
ɵҲͬʱѣһ׺ݵŭƺûһԪڷ
λΪˣǼʶһǵ
һ£˶ʱɢֲΪǴ޽Ѿ̱ڵأƶܶۼ֮ˣʱҲĵɴ۾
ԭģȻȫɵۣôܣ
ۼڵɵ۾
ԣһԪʮˣҲǵۼڣڵۼɵۣʮˣǾûлᱨ𣿡
Ц˵
ͬʱı̬ȣȻͬʱģ˵ԸһԪڡ
˼һԪڲͽҲշ
ЦЦɱˣȻ˵֮塣
ڴ֮ٵˣƨ˳ȥһôû뵽ܻš
һԪ˺ܿռڤɳǣˣڤɳǺɽҲΪһԪڵΧ
ڤںųƱɽһڣռݵλã֮㣬ǷԲõɽ֮һһȫ뷨
һ֮У֮λϣԯңžơ
磬ռ챱ɽ磬Ҫ𣿡
ȺһƣȻʵЩģЩ£̶һط
Ҫ𣿡
ʣ¶˵
ԯЦЦûʲôռ챱ɽ磬һȫ֧㡣
ԲӣҪԼ뷨뷨ûУܺ졣һԪڵĸôܲԽأ
˵
ԯʱЩίʮֵ࣬ǲ˵ðɣ˵ʵҾں֣ɾˣռⱱɽ磬ʵ˷ʱ䣬˷ңֻΪȻɽ磬ˣ񲻿ա
ԣԯеҲġ֮ˣΪأʲôɣںЩɻӰǵ
Ȳ˺Եķռ챱ɽ磬Ϊ˷ʱ䡣
˵һĵҲռݱɽһϼ򵥣ʵѵ顣νɽѣؽɽסǿ֮ռݱɽ磬ҪʵʿƬʵ̫ˡ˵ɵԪɵۿɾȫ˷ΪҪһͳɽ磿磬ħҲѣҰ֮ˣҪһͳħ硣
˵ȴǿЦҡͷȻ˽Բ׷֮ˣǶȨƲȤ
ʵ֮ԿɣΪ˱һԪڣʦӡ˵ûһԪڣûҡߣһɵۣ˵ɽռ֮أʵʩ˶ɱɽҲӦףɵ£ҵġнǶΪ֮ˣ֮ˡ֮⣬һɽ֪ˣӴԺɽ罫ǵ¡
һ˵ԭ򣬶ͷϾ˵ĻҲмֵ
磬˵еǣ㵽ûгԶļƻǲһֱһԪڴš
ȷʵ
԰꣬һ꣬Ǳһͳɽ磬֮󣬱ԪɵۣһὫ֮λø̯ӱ㽻ˡɳţ飬κԼ
ЦŽ͵˻һ͵һţϲҾףһᵱ˦ƹ񣬹ܺã鷳׸ԪɵۣʵС
磬ǧ࿪ɣѵΪ˽֮λøҲֵ̫ˣǸԪɵ㵽ʲôϵ
ԯ޷˵
ԪɵۣԱ㣬Ӧҵʦү꣬һԪڣʼ˱Ԫɵۣԣҿͽͽɽ翪һԪڣԪɵԻᷢҴģЩҲһԪڶԪɵζʲôԣһԪڽҷģһԪɵ۾Ƿ֮쵼һԪڣҲõһԪڻزסɽ磬Ǳɷĵǰطһҷ֮ʱлᣬһɱɵۡ
Լ뷨
ˣԭˡ
ԯЦ˵ʱɰ̾İžȻ覣ȲһԪڵķչҲӰΪ
ˡ˵Ҫʲôأ
ԯ׷ʵ
ԯã㻹ǱˣԺԻ֪ġ
æȰͲµĿģ϶Ϊ
Ҳ֪ˣΪεң̫ƽˣܣһҪҡ


1854 ɽ
ԯĵ˵
Ҳ޷ҵŮ˱Юֵ磬ҪȥȻҲδҪȥԼѡ񡣡
ֱ˵飬˶õġ
ԯסˣ˿еִĿ⣬жʱίޱȣ
ѽҵͷΣҳȥҸطǼġ
ȳ˸ɷٵ뿪аŮ˻鷳Ů˸鷳
ͶޣԲ
æ˵治ĿԯƯŮӿ޵ġ
ԯֻǾίޣ᲻ͶΪЦ
½ʶġһδɽʱѾɽ硣ô꣬һûҵǷ̫ࡣĸܣʱһԪڣһȥ
˵һټ顣
ԭ֮ǰʶģΪʲôҪģӦĵǡ
ԯȻʵʲô֣

һһٵ˵ÿἰ֣ܻо΢΢ʹ
֣ܺҲˡģҪһȥ
ԯ¶
ʲôûɣȥ
ɻʵ
ǵġһҪҪȱȣ˭㡣
ԯ϶˵
ҵϢڲΪΪǿˡ
ʵʵ˵
ң˭Ư
ԯ
ԯⲻҪȡôȷҪһش𣿡
ЦЦ⣬ȷʵûش
ˣ֪ˣ͵ûʡ
ԯЩƵ˵ʵ֪ƫֻǻһŮ˰ɣʼںòں˵Ļش
ҵļУûƯҲûʡ
òȻ϶˵
ʲô㡭
ԯˣû뵽õ˸ߵۣжʱϲѣϵЦݲԾſˡ
ˣĺܶ෽涼ǿ󣬿ǣУĵλԶԶǿ㡣
Ц˵⻰Ƕԯľ޴
ֻԯ֮ǰǾ仰Ȼ˷Уǲں仰
磬ô˵Ҳеλģ
ԯЦʵ
еλֻôһ㡣
ЦűȻʱȴԯһſ˫۱˹
ԯٶȣ㣬Ҳ㲻Ȼʮεı˸⵹ҲЩˡ
磬ҾԲҵѡ񡣡
ԯ˵ͬʱȻƹȥ
ס
˵ͬʱһֻ֣סԯԯһ£Ȼ󷢳һ󿩿Цû˵Ѿ˲ʧˡ
ⲻŮåҿҪעˣΪɧź޷֮
һ£ղŲˣԯòǾݣʾͲ˵ˣŮӣû֮һ
ȻԯΪкܴĹϵʱûƯԣΪǿҲһŮӸΪƯ
ðɣռ챱ɽ̳ȥ
̧ͷһһٵ˵
һԪ֮ܿ촫˱ɽ磬ɽЩɣһ磬֪ʲôѡΪһѡ񣬾û˻ͷ·
Ѿɽͨϣ׷ˣҲζŵɵۣ׷ˣҲ㹻ʵֱɽ硣
һԪѾڤɳܱߵЩУϵ˴룬ߣûһӳһԪڵӵץ
ʱƣһºѾ½ǰЩԼһͬǰУʮ֮е
Ѿʮۼ£Աɽ鱨ҲıȽϤ⼸ɣѾ֣˱ɽһǿˣһôˣһԪڽ
Щ֮ˣжʮɵۣЩ˿гȴδشĳɵˣҲ취Ӧԡ
˵ǿѾ֪̽鱨жɵۣеۼڵԼĪʮˣʮˣǵۼ֮ˡ
ɻ㱨
ţ֪ˣǻжõִһԪڣ
ʵ
ԤưºǱɵִһԪڣ񣬱ɽѾ㷢Ӣɽۼ֣ԽΪɽΪս
ɻ
ȥɣ˼ǡ
˽ɣɷһԪڵķȵдǰĸ
磬ϵɵۣ⻹ǳҵ֮Ⱑⱱɽ磬ôͲôɵأ
Ц˵
һΣɽʧһɵۣһΣЩչصɵҲ׷׸޵ɵҲĳˣⱱɽˣɽʵӵжɵۣʵڲϡ档̽Ϣδ׼ȷҲԷɵ۵ࡣУڵĸ֣Ҳ١
г˵ԷôˣȫԼΪҲλᣬɵڡ
磬ѵǵɱҲ̫˰ɣ


1855 ŷ
ԯ̲סʵ
ĪҪżǵȻƾɱȣ㸺һԪڣԯǰȥ̽һ˽⵽ԷʵʵȻһԪɳǵǰʱһԪעҪɽ硣
ŵ˵
ʲôأУҷԡ
ȵԵԼսôûԼأ
ô֮У϶һһԪڣһԷеڸͻϮһԪڣ롣

ȴ磬㲻ɣ
ԯһЦ˵
Һˣذɣùǵù
ȿЦҲ֪֮Уһء
ȣصκܴ󣬴ڿʼ˼һԪɳ֮УɳȥѲ֮ˣҲҪʱעǵİȫҲ˵ˣҲǴǧˣᰲźõġ
Ը
İɣ֪صġ
˵һԪڽԼʮֵԼ飬ԯأδؿ
ԯ츳ʮֵǿ󣬿ȴһ˶ͻȻָôĵۼ֣Ҳұ֤᲻©
ɷʱǿƹһУ֪ͨȥ˭ҿ͵ظɱۡ

ǣ֮
ɷĵͷǡ
ಣ
ͻȻʧڴ֮УԯЦЦҲչ˲׷ȥ
ҲһˣðɣҾͺúõ˭ҪңҾͽʬΡ
̾˿Ȼ˵
֪ʲôԸһ֮
ɷϹϾ˵һԪڵȻķڷΪǵʵ̫ǿˡ
ɷһԪϣһʱ֮ڲߣԸ
´ɷߺȲһ˹Ц
ٶȽɽ֮Уɽ֮˼طҲͱ˽ƣ˵ڵĸ֣һɵ޷ﴳһԪڵġ
磬ˡ
ԯǺЦ
ˣ졣һεʮѣҲԷ᲼壬ȥԣ򲻿ɴ⡣
Ȼ
磬ҶѾﵽΪˣõ˭ĺˣǲµġ
ԯΪ˵
뷨һԪڰɣԸһȥ

ҪһȥˣһСĵģԲ⣬£ܸ÷˰ɣ
ԯȻо̫ˡ
Ѿﵽ˵Ϊ͵Ϯ֮£˲ɱ㣬֮Ҳ޷ҵƿء𣿡

ԯ㶣һᣬŻش˵Ҳδܣлġ
ڣ𣿡
Цʵ
Ŷˡ֪ˣε񲢲򵥡һԲж
ԯǴ֮ˣܿ˼Ȼֱ̬츳ǿߴڣǶԷҲпӵ֮˵Ĵڣԣ̫ˣλпܱɱ
ΪȻǱ뱱ɽ˵Ӫ֮УԷ˵Ϊ̽ûбҪҪǽ֡

أѵһͬǰ
ԯʵ
һΣΪ˿㣬Ҿһ񡣶ңΧ۲ε񡣡
صЦЦԭ׼ԯһͬжģ룬ԼǲҪΪá
Χô㣿
ԯɻ
㲻⣬ͷϵһͷ
һ˵
ܰɣ㻹츳
ԯҡҡͷ˵
ಣ
ѾʧΪһɫĳⳤԯͷԵñȽ⣬ԯҲܿͷˡ
ǸͷܿữΪɫûΧĺɫУԯû뵽츳ǿ˵زԼͷϺзһĸо
磬̽ʲô˵Ϊ
ԯʵ
Ҫ˵ѣԻ㡣
˵󣬱㱣ֳĬ
ԯһ·Уһ첻Ѿִ˱ɽ˵ĸʱѾΪ͵ۼΪ
ҸôӽЩأ
ԯʵǰûܹҲ˲̫Ը˼ϰߣɽֱӽ⡣
аЦһ֮ԯһ˾ҲΪ˶ϾΪ֣ʵȴûмıǲԯԺ
ԯʾ֭һ취Ǳֱӳɽ˵Ӫȥ
ûԯ߳Զȴһҿ쿴С椡
һȺ˶ʱзŹ⣬һĶԯЩаޱȣԯдŭҪνɱˡ
Уһ񣬲ɱˡ
ԯǿסеķŭǰУǣһȺ˾Ȼ˷ԼΧס
ʲô
ԯʳбˣЩˣĿŵʲôǻҪԼѯ
椶һˡ
һԵ˵
Ϊ˭ҸŮˣ
һĸߴӴȵƾΪûΧһȺ˷С
ߣһѣʮɺڣ㵨Ҷɰָͷ㽫֮ء
֮ǰȻֻд޽ɳΪȴһҲûн
Ⱥ֣ԯΧ˸ˮйͨԯŭѣ׼ԵۼΪЩˡ
ɵ۱졣
ԯȵȴǴԶΧ˷׷Ϊ֮һһ㶵ԯû˻뵽Ȼһɵۡ
ÿ·ҵ·ߣɱۣ
ԯȴϾΧ֮˲ɵ۵ĴڣԼĴڡ
ߣһɵ۾˲𰡣ڵɵ۶ǣƫҵڡ
Ǵ޽ɳڵ˵סԯȥ·
Ҳ㱾һͬʮɡ
һЦų˳
ԯУ˵ǰΪԲǿȴʮɵš
Ҹô
ԯ˵

˵ųĬƾԯԾ

ԯкâһֱնǰû뵽ԯģһ׷׳Ŷȥ
·ߣ۲ĸɵģԲ飬һɱ⡣
ԯ˵
һȺĿԯȥһҧгݵڵģһڵġ
ԯûɳԶּӰסȥ·⼸˿ɶӵеۼΪǵķֱǲͬɵġ
վס¾ȻŷУӵǲС
һȵԯò۾˲ֱˡ
ƯѹЩһǻǷǵġС椣㱾档
һ˺ڲص˵
ȥ椣Ҳˡ
һҲٺЦ
鷳뽫Щһȫɱˡ
ԯа׼˵֮ʱȴѾɽһĶԼ
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ԯˣһԼٶɱһɵۡ
⼸˿Ĵסˣ׼źʱһӰ˲佫֡
ɵ˲ʧӰ٣ԯҲЦЦû뵽ʱˡ
ԯ߰ɣлǰɽˡ
ʾ
磬һ·ɱȥⱱɽˡ
ԯʮֱӵ˵
ãϮһԪڣԯȥ֧Ԯȡ

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ԯһȫٳһԪڸȥ
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ɽռһɳǣɳܽ˾㣬ֱӴ뵽ɳǵΧ̱һǰء
Ϊ֮˼ȵ˵˱ɽ˽أˣһ룬Ϊɽĵˣɱۡ
ߣȻҵ·
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ӰǰΪһ˶һȴûӡ󣬵ʵѺαظһƽأţ
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ƿڴͲӡ
Ұˣɡ
һˣܵ˱ŭ
֣ɱ
Ϊ֮Цһӣһ˱

һȣɵ۳֮ʱһ͵ĳɵۣȴһҽУɵ۵ֱֱĵ˵ϣ徹Ȼֱɱˣ֮Ҳ֪١
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һɵ۵ɴ۾ûüˣȴо崦һʹ֮Ѿһİĵط
ɱۼ֣Ϊ֮˳סˣոռɽȴоԷٴʧˡ
ˣ˾ǿߡ
˻δ䣬Ѿһȭըѿ
ɽˣɵۣжۼڣһۼڣȻ˲䱻ɱˣΧһ˷׷ױŵĹġ
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һȺûֵĶԺӷ㣬
ȵһȺ˷ٵӶݡ
ŷݣɱ˼ˣҲƽϡûԯҲԴ¸оɽ˵Ļʵ
ЦЦŵĳɳǷǰ
ûãʮɵ۵סȥ·Щ˵֮УȷЩ˲ʶŷ档
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˷ֻɱ֮죬ԣʮɵͬʱɽɷ˵Ĺ
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ٺһЦ˲ʧڿС
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Ȼ©;ԲŹԣЩ߸ϵɵʵϢ
Ѿɳˣɳ֮меļȫǵۼ֣Ȼȴ˵
ֱɳģΧͻȻӿֳٶۼ֣һ˵Ĵӵ
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Ķϳŷ档
֮̽󣬷߾Դﵽ˵ڵΪвɰЦԭɽ˵ĵһǵڸ֣ѹǵҽһԪڡ
û뵽ʶۡ۴޶⣬뱱ɽˣһһԪڡ
Цжŷһ˽⣬ԹֵĿѡ
ЦȻ뱱ɽˣΪɱôɵۣѵ𣿡
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ŷֱþòû뵽ΪȻˣʲô
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ɽĽ֮һŷ棬Ȼ֮ˡˣЩ˶Ȼʶ㣬ײ㣬ɱǣҲֻܹá
ЦȻܣʲôأ뱨𣬱ΪֹǿԴ֮ȥսŷֱг𱨳ԩԩԲƫ̻κһ
мԾԾԣһ֮оţǵЩˣȴвѾɽʱпǰ
һϣûȤҪһϡ֮⣬۲⽫ȫɱˡʱ򣬾ƾһһԪڡ
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зĲ٣νıɽ˿ǿʵҲô
ƣʮɵԼ׷㣬˾֮ϣû˸֮ǰĲ졣
Щ˺ȾƣпСģôľ룬͵ϮζɱԼıЩڵĸ֡
ֻĸоȴǶ־岻ѣΪ˶ԣв˭ͻȻʩչɱأɽҲڷš
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ٱʹмϲǣϲǶŷĳ֣ǵһԼλҲò֤ȡ֮λԼҲδػĶ֡
ʱֻʣˣЩȻԶûʲôӰ죬½ƣЦʵŷ֣ΪڱۣƾһˣҲδضԸһԪڣΪ㻹Ҫɽأ


1856 նж
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ȳȻ̽鵽ϢȴǾЩ˼顣
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ٺ٣ˣûʲôáŷ˼һԪڵڵĸ֣ǾͿһ·ִָĵطˣϻ˵ǼУĿꡣ
ЦеŷЩͷԣƺŵ޷죬ʱ򣬱ɽһԪڶңԼ˾ͳҴŶ롣
ʱı˼ƻѾʹ屾壬ڷ֮вϵļ٣ֱҲҪķЩܸϡ
ڵִĿĵʱ¶һĨصЦ⣬ܿ컯Ϊα壬Ȼӷ֮жݳ
밵ӰҲɽ֮У˶Դ˵ҲǺ˽⣬ֻ֪ǰԼˡ
λǺܿҪˣǶѾһ֮أ汾ǰ
ǰ濪·ܿ͵ִԨ֮صΧ
밵ӰСɴ䣬ȻȫԻһİȫ롣
Ϊжڸ֣ȶ͵Ϯİ취ΪԨ֮أȻҪƭ˽Ԩ֮أ֮¡
ĬţĿⶢԨ֮أƺ˼ʲô⡣
ã̲סʵŷ֣أ
档
ָԨ֮˵
˷Ԩ֮أԨ֮صĹŹϢһۣ׷״лĻ
ôǺˣǺ£˳ü
⼤
ŷ֣αۡۼȻˣǲĿģȻݡǶµǰɣ㽫Ǵ۵ҪǲץǶˡ
Ц˳
ܺãڶڻɱۡˣȻǲűۣǱҲûҪǺˡǶˣһץ˾Ϳˡ˵طǳնδеҴ롣
Ц¶صЦ⡣
дѵΪǶ˲ڴ˵أ۾Ҳ𣿡
Цʩչʶ̽飬ɵʶ̽Ԩ֮ʱȻʲôֹʶ̽顣
йŹ֣ѵ
аȻΧȫ̽һ飬Ҳûκ쳣
ŷ棬㵽ʲô˼
ŭ
ûʲô˼Ǿ棬б£Լȥץ
ָָԨ֮ء
ɶ֪㽫ǲغδˣѵ㲼õ壬ϵ
ָ
С󣬻ʲôǶһ㵨ԸҶԿԪɵۣۻǿˡ
̵ҡͷӵ˼ʮ㡣
ˣ̫磬½˵أǶ棬ºܿͻ
Ӱӧ
Уһıأ۲ȥðա
æ˵ԽЩŭŷҲ̫ˣȻʱԼ
ŷ棬ٸðۣǾͱֱ۲ˣ
ɽңָƺʱҪ
ӰҲνվɢɱ⡣
ǵĵ̫Сˣ۾жˡǿԻȥˣǵ̫ƽȥ
˵仰ȻԾԨ֮С
밵Ӱۿףʶ޷̽ĺڰ֮ء
ǻʲôȥˣҲһȥɣ
ӰЩ˵ˣȡ
ðɣҲȥȥû⣬ȻѶϢۡ
ͷŷ涼ѾȥˣӦûʲô⣬̽Լû


1857 ػŮ

ӰһԾҲѧԨ֮С
̸оʧȥ˰Ӱϵвɴ󾪣ԥһǾԼҲȥ
ʱˣе󾪣ʱ򣬻ǰ˿϶Լһˣôζŵˡ
ԯһͬǰȵִɽȣȲͼǣȴԼѾ¶мȻ֪ˡ
ȻѾ¶ˣҲûıҪˡ
ֱԨ֮أԯĵЦŶǰȣȵȵģвɴ󾪡
ŷƭˣ
аŭ֮оһ壬Ƕŷһġ
ߺˣ
ȴѾ⣬ֻҪסǿҲԼĿ꣬˰ӰҲ㲻ʲô
ǿҲ
ȹЦʧ䣬еǾúˬ
ƾ㣬Ҳֱ汾ۣѵ㲻ñۿɵɱ𣿡
ЦֵĶԷк֣ǲ̫ļ֡
ԯãɣɱأ
ȵһӣԯγΧΪ֮һ㶣һ̽飬ԯȻǵڵΪ
ڴʱȴһЦԶ˼ٵǰ˶Ϊ֮һ㶡
Ҳˣ۹ɣ
ŭ
ߣŷ档
ȴһӰĳڿУȣͬһ鼴ķ⡣
ٺ٣ݼԽԽˣҲ̫ײ˰ɣ
аЦŷͷ磬ôһΪѾԨ֮أ
磡
ԯҲЦȻֱŷ档
ŷһȴûƶ΢ЦŵԯȻŵͷãɱɣ
쵰㾹Ȼƭۣ
ŭɶһȻѾʩչ˲֮
ŷ汾ܵĺˣȴĿĲԼǿ
δȴ͵һȭ󷽣ȴһٵ˻ȥ¶˼Ŀ⡣
ԭҲӵеڵΪ̫ˡ
֮̽£ᣬԷȻӵжڵĸ֣ԼѾǰˡ
ǿĻǲ˸ӵļƻĿľΪɱ𣿡
ָŷʵ
ŷǸﰡԭԼѾðˣȴָ𣬵ԩ
ף磬ʲôʱѾˣ
֮̽󣬺ϲʵ
ʲô
а̽飬ȻǵڵΪвԽŭԼȻڸֵİΧ֮С
ôܣʲôʱڵģѾΪλҪѾǧĽ
ԯЩɣôЩԾô䱸Լأ
Ǻǣ۸ոսġⰡ
ŷЦ˵Ѿɱ⡣
̫ˡ
ԯԽ䱸
ţ
ŷͷ֮ʱͻȻɽȻ͵һնԯھ̫ԯնɱĿꡣ

ԯһϵս˲ŷλʵ̫ܡ
á
д󾪣ʩչ˲ƣĿŷ棬ŷһɱԯԯķӦ֮죬ǡñܿ˾֮ȴǱŷһնڼ򴦡
䣡
ԯ屻նɳȥŷӰΣڶѾԯԯѾﵽ˵ΪڽͻϮ£Ӧ
ŷĵһԯ粿սѾ𻵣Ѿͻս׵ķԯ粿һն¡
ŷ淴Ӧ֮죬ڶɹͬһλԯһȴٴУ˲նϣһʱѪɽ
ˣô벻Է˾Ȼսһε͵Ϯʮ׺ݣԼҲԶ͵Ϯ
ͬΪڸ֣ھ̫һɱҲпܵģԯ츳˲ȫ޷ӣѾŭɶ
ŷһûץԯĳֱӹϵˣŷк͸ԯ˷ǡл͵Ϯǲ顣
һͻᱻɱ
ŷĳǾƵģһƫȴͨڶشԷлɱ
ŷĹǶȣ¶ϵĹĿǽԯļ粿ͬͷ­һͬն¡
䣡
ŷֵ屻ʮɣаղѣû뵽Ȼ˵ס˵Ĺơ
ԯѾУѪģɫǲ԰ֽŷ͵Ϯ£Ȼˣڣɱ
ȵһ̣ץסǷɳȥۣȻػԯܱߣз޾ɱ⣬ԯɱˣԼֵ
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Ҳݵʱ䣬ԯڿվΣֳɽŭŷ档
㻹Ÿʲôɱ
ŷû뵽ȵʵǿЩԯǼв֮һ
⵽ô£㲻ΪҪɱԼˣ
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ŷоԼһδػȵĶ֣Բˡ
ǻսɣⲻܱ۵顣
ֲ嵽׷ʲô飬ŰӰԨ֮£־ĳ嶯ԥǲҪԨ֮С
Ԩ֮ɽֲĵط֮һһ룬㽫ʧȥеҲ˵ȥ˾
ŷѵ
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ŷа޴ֱڻֲңǣʱҪ֣򣬻ò¶ˡ
ԯоԼڵڲϵ½Ϊϱ۵ԵʣԼΪпܵڵΪмȾŭ
һץԯֱۣһֳֽ䱸ʮżҲ֪ŷôͻȻ͸ˣԯûбɱ򣬺롣
ŰɣԨ뷨ǣȴǲԸŶ֮˵Ļ
ðɣȻ㲻æͱõ֮
ŷһ˿Ц⣺ԯѾ˱۵Ķٶ֣۵ɽնѪѪʩչĺö޷ֹܿ콫Ѫ֮壬Ҳжɢ
ʲô
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ŷоƿ˾ƣֻҪȣлó֮
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ռˣ֣Ҳ֣š
ŷЦڳơ
ԯԽԽΣգҲڻ˹ȥȵķŭͬɽһ㣬ԴԴ
ȥɣ
ȴӽ֮гֱŷ档
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Цһɽֱնŷ档
ļһ
ŷ渹ܵУֻܷ˳ǵͷս
ȷɽ仯ͷۣȭͷŷ棬һȭһȭ಻ȭͷͬһ㡣
ŷһ֣ʱаڶԷĹ£ԼֵסŽӼУ㱻ʮɡ
츳֮ϣ̫Եˡ
ŷսˣѸٵʹ˼ֶȻⶾȴȸûκεá
׳գ츳̫ǿˣٲæǶᱻܡ
ŷŭ
İɣˣ۾Բʬġ
Цæ˳ɣ׼֮Σö˵һ㣬ȻŲȡж
ŷȵȭͷȴϵϮЩȭͷޱȣŷûͱ㱻ĿѪ
ͬĵڣһսҲбɱĿԡһ츳ԯҪǿҲ̫ùˡ
ŷʱؿͻȻһȭһȭȻŷǰսףŷ㱻ŵİǰ
ȥɣ
ȷŭ֮£ʵȳԯˣŷ͵˶ãܿ¶˰
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ಣ
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𣡡
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Ц
ԯж֢״ԽԣһϱƺѾʧȥԭеȵŭ޾ǣڶʹǣսҲֻеĳޣһػԯߡ
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ȻǶ˳֣ҲδؿԴȣΪԭ򣬶ҲԵЩΣһֻԶԶĹš
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ǿԯܿͽǿ̸̸ףأ
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ãһ𹥻Ϊԯ𣬱ۿԿǸ֪γķ
һһٵ˵жŷĺǿ
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ֻʱ䣬Ϊ֪һģֻʱ⣬һǰɽԯĶˡ
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Ȳɫʵ
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һŷıóѣԼ϶ΪɱΨһĿ꣬άĿǰƽȡ
ڼ䣬һδԨ֮Ծ˳ȴǰӰдϲΪӰ˳
ŷҲԨжݳΪ֮һ㶣ܿŷǼٵģûġ
˶ԭأҲһϾԼճԨ֮أûȫָԷ˾ԼĵطҲԶ
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һĻ̫ˣŷסˣ˿ɲжҲȡһʱ䡣
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Ŀ֮ԯ̱ڵأд󾪣һжԼ̫⣬Ȼŷ˿ɳ֮
ŷ͵Ϯʹ⣬ʲôɿԴԯԯƺ⣬̾ȥԯˣǣԼδȫָһ춯Է˶ж
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һǺ£Ͳǰˡղţ׼ǿףֻҪǿϱΪԯл·ɡ
ŷЦ
âԼοǿˣʧȥǿ£ʱ޷ֻһô̲
ǣֵŷԼŷͿͼɽһ롣
־ŭ治ж
ڼ˵ĶУ˵ʱ䣬ϵȫֱָʱŵִԯڵء
ŷ棬ڵģһΪԯ𡣡
˵֮䣬ԯĵطȥʱŷٴУǣڶ˲ͨѣȻȥ
ڶΪȥˣԷʵҲǿ˶٣෴ûиԷ
Ϊ˵໥һѵĻᣬԯʱһŵĲŷ
ǿӽƣһҪסƣǶ˽롣

Ӧŵ󣬺ܿ첼һڵߣԵִԷ̽ĽƣĽ鷳һ㣬£ʮбҪġ
ŷһۣµƺָֻ֮ǰľᣬ֣ȻûжٻᣬŷƵǣһԯˣԼûавԷʸ
ְ
ŷƵ˵
ܺãʧȥвʸ񡣱۵Ҫϲŷˡ
ʱ򣬾ԼòˣҲܱŷ档
˻໥¼ɣЦһκԯǶʬΡ
ԯѾˣԭȴе˵ģȥʮֵĹ졣
ԯȥޣҲķˡ


1858 ø
аղѾ̽ԯţȻţǾƵĿԣԴˣ̫ġ
Ƚⶾ
һסԯǽڵֱۣȻ̽ԯܿ㷢ֶѾѪҺ֮УԼ̫ˣⶾʮֵļ֡
ҽ
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ǳ֮ᣡ
ǳ֮ԯڣǳ֮ܿ㿪ʼָԯ򴦵ƣǲδǶ
ʱֵϵһ첲Զķԯǳ֮ķ޸£ԯڻָϱۼһ
ԯһ£Ϊǳ֮ãԯ۾磬ˡ
š
ͷ治ԯԼòʱʲô뷨
磬ҲˣˣȲҵģҾҪˡ
ԯ˵Լ壬ԼѾѹˣŷĶ̫ˣʱԼɡ
İɣڣ˵ġ
ֵ˵ȴ˼ξԯ
Ѿˣ㲻ܾҡѾˣ˷ʱˣǵðұ𡣡
ԯ˵ɢĹâ֪
ܱ΢ЦȴЩңѵֻŷǣŷԻǳĹ֣ԯܴԼȵ
вͨŷĶҵߣѵûоķˣҲš
룬ͻȻ⣬ԯýȻԯĿڱߣҵѪҲԵڵĶء

ԯҡͷȻȥѪижޱȣҲ̲ס
һúȣԺҲˡ
ޱǿƵ˵ԯ͵һ
УҪ˷ѪҺ⣬ˡˣʣʱ䲻࣬ƽȥɣߣ޺
ԯִ˵ˮˮһ㡣
ȻˣǾͱ׺ˡ
䣬һ͵סԯĲӣԯŴʱ͵Ľڱߡ
ڵѪԯУһʱ֮䣬ԯѪˮһһڵȥ
ԯļҪˣǱǿȺѪҺѪҺ޾һ㣬ӿԯڡ
ѪҺӿ룬ǳ֮ᾹȻ쳣ĻԾʼԯѸٵߡ
֮̽󣬷ԯѪҺнĳһֽɫѪҺЩѪҺѸٵ֮С
Чˡ
ϲܿ췢ԯɫɺڱ죬Եı仯ϲ
Ƭ֮ԯڼɫѪҺȫռݣʱоһѣΣԵʧѪࡣ
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˱ڲݵϣڵѪҺԯʣԯڵĺɫѾıǽɫѪҺܳƤ
֮̽û뵽˶ˣд󾪣ǣֲܽƲ鿴ˣǼĿˡ
ŷҲûʲôð취һͬγ˶ţ֮⣬۶ô˵ȶŲˡ
ȷʱһζȣֻסˣŷ򻹲Ȱ˵ţҪɸԵĿġ
˵ĶУʱٵš
ԼĪ֮ԯˣԼ徹ȻѾȫָˣûκεжףңڵȻѸٵš
֮⣬ԯܵڵƺ໥ӦţǽɫѪҺȻڶͬʱѭ
ѵ˫֮
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ãҵ
ԯа뵽ԼȵģҲ͹˲ô࣬ƾڵʩΪ
֮ԯԼȻӵȫµ⹦ٶȿĲ˼飬ڶ˵ķУڵҲǡ
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ף
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˵ĿɿڴУԨ֮صĺɫȻȫӿ˶ˣ֮Ԩ֮Ҳ޷סʶ̽ˡ
νԨ֮أҲһǳϿȣʧȥ赲ʶ̽Ԩ֮Ҳʧȥԭе
ŷͬһȴ˾쵽ΣȴǲԸʹ˷׼ȹ۲һһ̾뿪˵ء
ȿЦҡҡͷҲ֪˵ôˣȴĳֱȽϺõԤУܹôƺƴ״ζź¡
ԯţȴڳ˯֮УΧӿ룬Ȼȴǻԯڡ
ԯǣڵȻȫ֮УǸܵģΨһ˵ͨıѪҺԵʡ
ԯӷڵѪҺѾɵɫ̺֮Խǿ󣬶Ǻɫʱ֮С
֮ԯϵĸŹ죬ֱڵٶȻع֮ΧҲָԭе
֪ʱѾ˹ԯЦЦſ֣ȻվԯǰЦû£̫ˡ
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ЦȻһ㳯Զɶݣ׼ٶ뿪Ƿ֮ء
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ɵ̫ˣôɱأ
ĻششȻ
һ𲢼սɣ֮⣬
ŷȻ˵
ãǧˣУǶûκκô
ͷͬʱԱ˶Էʱ򣬶ٲܻ໥ɱΪΧвʵ̫ǿˡ
ԯԹ׼ŷ棬ʱԯΪ츳֮ǰҲкܴˣһ£ŷĶͷѾðΡ
ಣ
ԯŭһֱϮŷ棬µķɼǿɱͬڸ֡
Сġ
ȵҲǿͷˡ
ŷͫ͵ķŴɽסҪ֮ĳֵȴұ۴һʹ
һ֧ɼϮŷұۺըˣŷұϵս˲䱻ըķѡ
ۣ
ŷƵһѪô벻ԷķɼǸԷһֱԼҲ˶á
бŵһԯʵҲ̫ǿˣǷɼԼֻҲδػŷ϶١
ǿǡ
һ£Цĳ
ȿɲںԷ֣һԲסˣһԯɵ͵ϮԷκһˡ
ɱԯ
ŷŭĺԯȴȵȭͷסˡ
ԱҲûʱ乥ԯ
ʱȴԯȴ磬
ȺٺһЦ̹ŷ档
ŷɴԯԯйһѾʧ
ŷȥԯѾһɽ
һ֣ŷ㱻ʮɣи̾Էǿʵǣʱ˿̣ԼֻƴԹ
Ҳһ׽ɱԯȷֱռƣԷûñս⡣
ԶԶĹս֪˵սܾãʱ֮ڱֳʤǱļս
һʱѾȫռϷѹƵģҲƴһʱ֮䵹֧ȥ
ŷĴɾʮֲˣԯķŭ£һ۱նϣԯĽǿ󣬵սŷ漸Ͷˡ
ԯһɱУȴȫȻķŷ潣УѰһԯֱϡ
ʱԯһŷؿ֮ŷĹȴԯֱϵ
ôܣ
ŷ治ԼĽȻ޷ƶԷʵˡ
ԯһս֮ϣս˲俪ѣŷɾˣһĺȻ֮ɫ
ף
ԯղʹ˶ܾ˵Ĵ򷨣ȴôû뵽ֻһǳǳĺۼЩʹ֮⣬˼


1859 ս
ԭҲӵǿ
ԯϲٴγʱͲˡ
ŷڶȻûܹԯķȻŷĽȴʩչ˶Цԯ˱۵Ķء
ԯд󾪣ڲδսףԷʩչֱͬʱԷɽϸ΢ѪͻȻΪɫ

ԯˣаԼ޴ȻַͬĴ

Ҳԯһ
ֻȻȻԭأ΢ЦԯԯѾˣôܻ¶ԷĶأ
ȻʮϢʱ䣬ԯ˿ڴܿɫѪҺɫѪҺ˲ʧӰ١
ŷ棬ĶһҲ¡
ԯаϲ
ŷˣɫ԰ֽԼв֮
򣬱۾Ա֮壬ͬھ
ŷʹ˾УǾ֮вԷ
ԯˣȻԷвԼֻԶ빥ˡ
ಣ
ŷ׷˹ȥʱɲöԷʩչɼֻܸȥȻ֮ԱΪв
һԯ㴦ڱ֮УȻԸԷͬھ
ҲʹвȣҲЩð죬˭ԸԷͬھ
˵սȺֹͣԭռһȴԷвԯȶЩ֪Ǻá
ֵϳˡ
΢΢һЦʼǰȥ
˽һʲôʱʲôá
ಣ
ʧڿУʱȴŷҽеǵڵɵۡ
츳ȫ̽˲ƹ켣ˣͻȻʱѾʮɷΧ֮ڡ

һȣǧɫͻȻ˷ӿ
ΪҪ˲ɱһݺݵն˽
ȴҲ㣬ƾ塣
ۣ
һ֮ȴѪȴ΢Цš
㡭
ָ˵
ڴʱٴ˲ʧ
󾪣ŷ㶵ĿźϷͻȻԼǰһˡ
һǿֱŷ棬ŷٽӭͷڣо˾ҵʹ
һӣɫƾնǡýŷȫ֡
˶ûܸȴֱּϮˡ
ԯͬʱˣû뵽ʵǿ޷󣬾ȣҲЩɽʵ
⵽ô£
ŷ澪ֵĺ
ǽҪɱˣ˶ѡ
˵֮䣬˫ͬʱһУŻͬʱһǶ򷢳űҵĽ
˵ͬʱȼˣɫĻڶ˵ȼţ̫ͣ˸޷ֵϵսףҲڼ̵ʱڱȼճɻһҡ
У˫ͬʱɫĻ棬Żļӹ̣Ƕ˸޷ӳ𺣣ҲѸٵš
磬ˣ
ԯϲ
ǵģɶ㡣
аЦ
ʲô
ԯԺ̺ڵĵͷ

ڻ֮вҽţȻûκǡ
ԯ뵽ʲôԷɼŷ棬ڻĻֲܸʹ
ڴﵽ˵ڵΪֻôʱԼޱȵǿǿɱͬĵڸ֡
ԯȣҲмɰտɱˣȻǾԲģϾԼһġ
ĿŶ˵ȼգ֮ɵȡ˶˵֮壬ɽǿ߾ڴˡ
磬޵ˡ
ЩĽ˵ԼΪսҲû츳̬
ˣ졣ⲻðˣӵ޵СˣˣǸȥһԪڵˡˣҵΪ͸¶ȥҿ͵һ㡣
ЦЦΪڡ
ס𣿡
Ц̽Ϊ־ȻֻеΪвɳһ
ٴ̽ʱΪѾ˵ۼڣһ飬ȷʧˣʶ޷̽Ϊ
Ȼվȵǰ۾Էʶȥ޷̽鵽ֹĸоȳˡ
ס
Цʵ
ĵͷȴԯеȴ磬̽һҵΪ
ԯڶһĶԨ֮صĺɫʱΪڡ
̽󣬵찡ǵôģ
Ҳ̽ԯΪȴǿ̽鵽ڵΪвɰϲԯƭȵ̽飬ȴȻƭԼ̽顣
Ҳ֪ΪңҲӵΪ
ԯ΢Ц˵
磬Ҳһΰɣ
װͰ͵ģ˵лĽԯĺˡ
̽ڵΪ𣿡
ʵΪۼڡ
ԯ֮̽󣬷ֻܸ֪ۼڵΪаû뵽Լ޷̽ʵΪôɽ֮УҪ̽ʵΪһ˿
ЦЦ˵˵ز˾ǱɽȺףʱҲˣҾȥͳ챱ɽ˽һԪڡǶ˷һԪڣ׼սɣʱ򣬸һԪ˾޴ѹǾһԪڵӵ䡣
ʲôȥͳ챱ɽˣ˰ɣɱǵѵŷݻ룿
Ȳŵ˵
ҵȻðͳ챱ɽˡ
ӵ
Ŷԭˣ̫ˣҲĵˣ֪ôġ治֪ҵô绽ġ
Գ
ˣѾǿˣ֪û츳Աܷ仯ŷģ
¶ڴĹâ֮ǰԯʱ˾Ȼγ˫ޣҪԭ֮һΪԭԯҲӵ˸ӵ츳
ұŷ棬ɣ
ԯеԺˣ´δ֪Լ֪ܲôӺδ֡
ҽ㡣
ЦЦȻ󽲽Ҫ㣬ԯš
Щţɵȵԯı仯ŷģʱĿɿڴ¶ԽĽĹâ
ŷ棬ԭĿ
ԯЦȴǱ
òģԯͨϰ󣬺ܿ˾ϣֻΪ̫¶š
ƻı䡣һ˷һԪڣǰȥָЩɵۣȻһԪɳ֮档
ԯһжӦȫµ츳Ժкô
ðɣˡ
ȹϵķɶݣЩƣԼҲı츳Ǹжá
˵۲졣ģһ˵òףҪΪƣǺѶȵġھӦöϰѧ۲˼߰ɣ
ʼɽ˵ķȥԯ
ɽһڸʧ٣ɽ˶ҺģʧȥЩеЩۼڸַ׷׳һ˭Ҳ˭
ɵȺʱѡһȫµһԪڵļƻƳ٣ҲɳѰ˵ټ
ԯֱɱɽܲ˷غҺľʱһ
ûãɵΪμûзأһΣҵ˲䡣ڴˣҲź
жͬʱɣŷֽ֣ǡ
ԯһԲĳ֣Ƕɵ۶ʱɱѪȵһĻû˵˷׷ױ͡
Ļ𣿡
ĺȵһɵﻹҶ԰֣Щʧȥɵǣһɫ࣬ץѡ
֮ԣµĪɡ
ͬʱ˵
ܺãǰһԪڣһԪڣʱ򣬱ȡؾһ֪ս֮ˡΪ˳񣬴һɱаɣ
³ŵ³ŵ⵹ûκεĹϵЩҲƭƭǶѡ
ɽ磬ۼֲ඼ˣһЩȫ䣬ڱɽ磬һԪڽһŶ󣬾Ԫɵ۲֣Ҳδ˵ðһԪ֮ˡ
ֱһԪڣһԪɳ֮ǰѾһԪɵۣһȻɵӭս
һԪͶ򣬱һ£һԪڽΪƽأȽ𡣡
ȵ
Ͷ
֪˭һһԪеӶȺ鼤ߣһ磬սȻ
෴һڶ࣬սȴԶԶһԪڵӣбȽ⣬Ȼ˵ȻȲͶǾ׼ȥɣ
ɱһԪڵӣߣ۽Ϊˡ
ۺ˵ƶʱܹΪˣζʲô֪
ɽ˵ˣ޹ɱ˹ȥһԪȴҶŵ£ֱŶӭС
ڸ߿գԯսңǰսǶУ˸ԡ
ԯѾ֪ʲôǶıˣ·֮ˣֻȫӰɣЩսȴҲ֪Ϊλ
һУвЩģ˴ģսȴΪһ͡
·һԪڵƴսһΣգܻἰʱ֣һԪڵҲ
ɽ˵ռ̫ƣһսɽԶ٣ռһƣһԪڵսʮǿûأ˫ʤǸδ֪
ȻһʤҲǲʤȻȵĲʱ룬һԪڵʵռơ
ɱ춯أɽһսעᱻʷᣬһսҲᱻ˽ֵ
֮ʼ˫֣ʱбɽ˵ɵ۲һԪⷽҲԱˣȵĲӦǲ
һԪһи֧ţɽһԯǹսñɽɵ۵ʿҲܵ˲Ӱ졣
óˣԯ֤һԪڵӵİΣ


1860 ߽Ѱ;
Ц˵
ǣ
ԯϢı仯ģ˲ƵսϿգԯ룬һԪڵĵӾЩˡ
һ׳սҹһԪڵҲѾƣûģصȴǲ٣˼־ս
˫ս뵽׶κҡԭ͵ĳ·
һŵĻƾնбɽ˵ɵ۶ܵĽ٣ʱ򣬱ɽ˵ĶȴѾʧ
ɱ¾ȫһߵɱ¾һԪڶԣȴһĴսۡ
ĳ֣һԪڵĵӷ׷ʯ˳ݵǿ󣬶ɽ˵ɵȴһƬ޵ֵּĶ֡
ʱѾбɽ˵ɵȫɱЩ𼶱ˣҪԶ֣һԪ˼γ棬ɽ˵ĵȫսһ
ꡣ
˿һݵԶܵս
λһԪĵһսۣӴԺһԪڽΪɽһڣǵŬΪһԪӮϣлǣ͵ŵӡ
һɿݽһԪڵѪƵ˶塣
ɽ磬һԪڴȫʤɽһڸȫûһһԪڿڱɽ˲ֻԶԣЩ¸ηһԪڣһԪڱҲǼ
Ǳ׼˦ƹ˵ԯΪ˽ԷԣȻΥ
֮⣬һ˵ϢǾԪɵ۽һԪԼҲΪһԪ
ϢһڽĿɿڴԪɵۣǿɵ۲ľ֣ô벻ΪһԪڵ
Դ˽ͣ˵ڽɽ֮ʱԪɵ۱һԪڵĴʼˣˣ˽ģһΪ˾޴
ǣһΣ˳ԷԣԴˣ˽Աֵ鸴ӣνǼϲǡ
ҷģҲҲ˵ԶһԪڵ֮һһһԪѣֻҪһɽ磬һһԪڡ
ͷŵҲ֪ǲЧģ֮ľһǾؿǵġ
ûöã㽫ϵصжΣӴԺԪɵһԪڵϢҲܿڱɽҪԪɵ۵֪Ҳ¡
ϣĵ뿪һԪڣ߷ǱɽأһܵĴֱͨ硣
˷˼Ѿִ˼ıԵشǰߺڿǰɵ
˵ɽԵ֮صĴ󣬿ֱͨɽ򣬻ͨħ硣ǲҪԽأűԵش̽ɣ
˵ǰĻɫԵش˼ǸطȥԨ֮صĿ˵ƣȴסʶ̽顣
磬ɽԵǻɫ֮غųԵ˵һ룬Բܻл᷵ءҿԨ֮غ񣬹һմȾǻɫǵڸҲʧȥӶ
ȶǰ˵ڲԶ֮ǰһ޴ʯʯʾŽأԵϸļء
ͷԶԶĿʯϵļأԯȴ۾Լƺ̽ɫ֮евɰԾϲ
ͣƬ̣ûԽǰʯ֪֮˵صĴ˵֮󣬻˲дļ䣬ҲΪ䲢ˣҲ֪صĴ
˵ħ磬ɽ磬ҲΪÿһٶȣҲҪʮʱ䣬ִеκһطҲҪһ£ϡ
ˣɽڲ˲ٴԱʱ֣ⲿìܡ
ͻȻϮҪûдֻɽһ룬˲Ż٣ԣξ߽·ǿҵɿԽԼܶʱ䡣
ǰԵ֮ѰҴѰЩϵĴ󣬶ϵĴȻΪ˷ϢҲΪ˸ص¡
ɽı߽һѰȴһ񣬴˾ۼ֮ʱѾЩͷˡ
磬ȥҲǰ취ҲҪܾòҵ󣬶ҵ˴ǴܲûǸδ֪ҾãҪѰ·ˡ
ȿ˵
ǰҲȴĻеѾ˼ˣʲôҲܴҲ׿ҵġ
ԯͷ˵۾޵ĻɵĿռ䡣
ԣû𸴣ֻǳţиопܱƭˣǲдļҲ֪ȥ˶꣬Ҳ߽Ĵƻˡ
磬㻹ʲôѵ˷أиõİ취𣿡
Ц˵
ȴ磬żһᣬ֪ģܻиõİ취
ԯһҲֻͬǾôʱ·ҲδؿҵǹϵĴ
˵ǰһ޴ʯʯ֮ǻɵʯȥ⵹öҲЩ㲻Ǹ


1861 صĺڼ
ʱȴһԾʯ֮ϣʯ֮ǿֲĻɫҪԣΪԵֵʶ̽飬˵ľ޴
ԯãȥΣա
æ˵
ţҲȥģֻһĿ
ԯʩչʶ̽飬ھһξʶҲ޷ǰвɸоЩźǿ̽ԶĵطҲᷢµȥ·
ԺлɽĵͼͼԲģɽУ˷ĸôһ޴ɡ
Ҳ״壬Ҳɽһž޴򣬶ħҲֱ֮һϵȻų磬ӦôһλϣҲ˵ɽҲ̫ԶɽΪԭأħӦþڸͬһƽλϡ
˼İ΢΢۾ǰԶȻǻɵһƬ
ѵɫռ൱ɽĴ㣿
룬̧ͷңɼڸԶߵط׻ʲôأ
ǵһ£ȥȥͻء
˵͵ĳձֱķУҲû뵽ɽվȻ˵ԼҹķУȴȻߡ
ԽϣбԽΪѣлаȫĳϿշУ־ʮķУоԼٶѾʮֹ֮ԽԽҪϿշУҲ֪ҪòŻᵽͷ
ˣ˷ôʱ䣬ʱ䣬ҶԷɵɽˡǣһˣǲ̽ǰˡ
пЦû취ֻܼϷɣоеԽԽ󣬼޷ϷʱԽġ
˲ڿмѵͣԶޱߵĿռ䣬˫ۣȻյļޡ
Ԥܾ֮Ѿûùˣʱǡڤ룬ռ죬ͬڼһ㡣
ʱڷյļ֮˻ɵ߽紦ʮֵƣڴʱͻȻôһƬѣΣͷһ𣬾Ȼ³һѪ
ѹɽʹôɽռֱԽĺ蹵ʵ̫ңԶˣҵĿǰΪҪһϣпִܵǻɫռ֮һֻ꣬ҵΪҲᵹ˰ɣ
еó˱ĽۣʹԤ֮ٽԼһϵʱ䣬̽Ը񣬿ܻҪһֱϷС
Ҳ˵ɽԵشҲ൱ɽıԵԵҲӦһ㣬ֱӴӦûɽ硣
õҪĴ𰸣ȻѸٵ·ɽٶȱϷɵǿ౶
ĵִǿʯʱȻֶ˾ȻΧɿЦҶ뿪һˣʱ͵ִɽκһˣǺο࣡
ԭأ֪˾뿪˵أֻҪԼһʱ䣬һġ
֮ԯӰȴٷɶݣȻżӰ
η֮ˣȻڴ˵׷ɱԯ
аԯɽ֮һס˺׷
ԯĺʮּ٣ȻһսǼͬʱͣΡ
ߣǵʲôˣȻһ۵ĺ¡
һ˵ںɫս֮УؿһŹֵĺɫ־־ǿ״ȥǹ졣
һֻˣȴ׷ɱԯƾһ㣬ƶϳЩ˵Ϊ򵥣пܶǵڵĸ֡
ɽһԪ֮ˣʲôˣΪ׷ɱ֮ˣ
Ųæıȭ˵һ飬һݸֵȡ
磬ǵڶ࣬Ҳڱ׷ɱ
ԯΪż˵
ĪҪģڣóıơ
ο
ԭǸСе֮ˣ
һ˾ɵʵ˵Ŀͬʱ۽ϣҲܵһֹĸо
ٰ
̩Ȼ˫ӿ
̫ˣ̤ЬٴȫѹֵǷҲڴ˵أ
˾ϲ
ΪҪ֪ȣ
΢΢һЦлЩɵ۵ңⱱɽԵ֮أôôڸأ
㲻ۼΪ̫Сˡʹ屾壬ҲڵΪƾΪҵȻʵ̫־Լˡ
ڼ˿Цͬڿһˡ
ڴʱԶвѸٸǰһȣֻʱԵ̫Ǳˣദ˴лһͷ­һӣȴǷŭš
磬ڻˣҲ㱻ɱˣ󡣡
ȹЦɽߡ
׷Ҳֹͣ˼׷һҲˣ˫֮˼һʮˣǿɽҲԳưһ
ɱǵĶˡ
һ˷ŭĺ
ߣ˭Ҫôŵɱڣǵˣǡ
͵ӳеͷ­Ļ
ԯãɱǶˣأ֪ջΣ
˷ܵʵȫȻΧв


1862 Ѫħ
ɱˣж˱ɱһ𡣡
ԯʵش
ԯãĺǿ󡣺ܺãѾ˱ɱʧȥսڻʮˣҲǿ޾ǡ
ƳһۣЦȵ˷ܣԯԵʮֽ
⵽ô£սʲôˣ
ʵв²Է֮ӦòɵģǸоͲ
磬˶ˣǶ͵ϮǣǶɱˣǵ֮ߣܿдָϵǱȷɢɱСԼʮھܵĻصǵʮ졣
Ƚ͵ܻƣȴо죬þöûʹսˡ
ԭȡ
ڼȻЦҫ˷ܵĹâ£Ƶǻϡ
ʮڼ˲ʮ֮γһǿƣεԯҲ˫ۡ
ϻүүȡ
ȿЦлûԷ
Ǻǣαسѿ֮ܡǶ˺ǿɱˣʵڲ򵥡ֻǣǽԵĶֽǸΪǿߡԣۿԸһᣬͶۻǻ·
ڼЦ˵һʤȯյģ
Ͷǲܵ顣
ЦаͲüս
ڴʱԶѹѹһƬӰѸٸܿ㽵ʮ֮˹в¶ʮˣȻȫǵڵĸ֡
ʮ˵ĵڸ֣һɽǿλʮһʵ̫ˡ
ԷڽһҲԳûָʵԣ˫ڱɽԵشĶš
ֹûãڼԮϵһΣʮۼڵɵۣҲЩȡ
ʱƣڼһָһۼڵɵۣۼڵɵۣЩˣųͣ̿ǰǿ
ȥЩ˵ǺηʥɽӵǿҲ̫ˡ
˵
ȷʵǿ缸ǣֻ·һ
ԯҲпЩ˼ֿ£ڱɽ߾֮Ե죬ֻЩɽʮɼЩˣƲÿսͻᱻ
֮УΨȴһԲͨ۲죬Щͬһ򣬱ɽƫ֮ңЩ˳ֵٶȼ죬ͨǰġ
ϷһϤϢǱ߾֮صĻɫƺϢĺۼ
֪ԺδһսϡͿġ
۾Ժиںڼ˵Ӱʱһڼ˵ͼԺ֮УĺڼڼᣬصȴԲǱɽ硣ڴ֮ǻɫռ佫ںڼ֣Ծš
Ǿɽ֮ˣĵط
нüĿڻɫռ棬ĺڼڼᡣ
һ֣ɽ֣ͨЩϢ֮ˣôֻһֿܣħ硣
˼Խڲ³Ժδ
ӴĺڼӪҹɫ֮УһԲͬһӵǿļԣƾһ㣬ɽЩǸ޷֮⡣
ռɽ磿Щ˵ʵҲͿռ챱ɽ硣ɽһͷɵŽЩҲս̶޷԰Ρ
з֮Ѿ˾ǾΣҲҪֹǣһԪΣӡ
һּûУ
ڼʵ
ϣʮŵĵһּϣµʱ
֮˴شڴʱͬʱֱͦţƶʱΪ֮һ׳
磬ߣս
ԯʵеǲôǿս
ԯãѵôõĶ֣ǵȻҪѪսס磬ǡ
ȵ͵ĺսӣԽ˷ܡ
ԷǺǿ󣬿вҲʮڸ֣ѾɱˣʣµҲ֮ʵһʮڸֱЩɵҲͲΪ塣
Ƕȶԣ˾Ծһƴ֮ȻҪȫˣԷҲԲ
λ֪֮ǷдˣһԺδǲˣǱŹǡ
Ǻڼ״ϴűĵ˵ΪǳѣԷ˸ܲ³
ȻΪһǿǶıúڼ״в˾
ԯãȻԷʲôˣԯĲ²ֻ֪ǽ֮ƺԶһͬɵ
ɽ֮زЩӦõɵ°ɣ
ȳԲµҲȷ𰸡
ܣҾӦǱɽɣʲôɣʵ̫Ѳˡ
ԯҡͷ˵
ߣ
ڼ״һû׼Щ˿Բ³ΪٴҲ뵽ԼǴġ
ǲɽ֮ˣûв´ħ硣
˵ˣ˶ʮ־ȣĺڼһЩô벻ȻԲ³
ԣôû뵽أɽЩһͲɽ֮ˡ
Դ˵
ԯ΢ЦҶ죬Уܵģͬһǿڣ³ԷʲôˣҲϡ档
Ȼͬһ㣬һҲû˵ϧֻǻۣȴû㹻ʵһǵ
ڼ״Ц
Ǹղ˵ˣֻҪǲ³ԺδǾͷߣѵôʳ𣿡
ԯʵʮߣԷãҲ̫ˡ
ԯãħ֮ǺٽõģԱΪ٣޳ΪԽǱ޳ܣԽԵˡ
ȳԷ̵Ϊɲħ磬ԣȶħļһǲİǿɲǹ·ҲħһĴڡ
ôˣ̫ɳˡ
ԯĵԽԷЩ˲˳ۡ
û뵽Ҳ˽ħµķ񣬺ܺãȻˣǾ֪ζˡӵҵ׷ɱ
ڼ״ϵЦȴֹۣǶ˿ɲߣܴˣԼһҲвʧ
аɽѪôܽԼϢȥϢѾɽ鲼ħҲ˵֪ò˶ã綼֪Լܡ
˾֪ʱͲˣ˸ߵ£Ǽ䲻ģΪɽǿˣ磬Ǵͷ𣬵ʱ֪֮ԼݣԼôͷ
Ļˣкһɱ¾ͷЩ˾Ȼɽ磬Լͽȫڱ߽֮أɽͷ
ΪɽһԱκɽ򣬼ȻЩħͻϮɽ磬Ǿͱֱ۽ˡ
Ȼ˵Ȼɽ
ɵڵСӣɳһ˾ͿɵĴ㡣
ڼ״ϵЦ
ô˹ɱۣ۵ţ
ǰȻǰѹѹĵۼ֣а̾ЩԼ̫ùˡ
ȥ
ڼ״һˣҲǵۼڵΪ
ߺߣ۽ʶһħ۵
˺ٺЦ˺ɫħͬڿһˡ
Ŷۺ¡
Է̵
˴ŭ͵һն
ڰԻһĺܿ졣
ȹЦԯҲЦˣЦĺܷġ
Цӭϴ̹ȴûγκεĺۼ
ôܣ
ħ۴󾪣һ׼ʵ彣
㣬ȶԷħʱһץȻħץС
ħЦŴ̳ħȴһǿ뽫ħʱȴֶԷ̫ħͬУȻ޷ء
֣
ħۺ취ħʱȴ̵ּħȻ˲ѳƬɵѪ
ף
ڼ״֮ɫķǿʵսȻԶԼħڵ¡
ȥɣ
ħ۳˴ŭ˫ֻȭȻȭͷ
ͻȻһһֻ׼ȷ˶ԷһըԷľսҲԵˡ
Ҫôǿôôǿ󣿡
ħ۾ֵţ׶ԷΪ޿ˣԭӵǿʵ
ڼ״ɫ΢䣬ͻȻЦûñʧ
꣡
֮£˵һΪħ֮廹ûӳһֻѾ֮ȡ˳Ȼл˻Σʧ
ۼڵħֻǰ˵˼仰ܿ㱻ɱˣһĻħ粻а𾪡
һۼڵħۣħԸ㲻ʲôֻǣڼ״ȴӰʿ޷˴ҲЩлγɻ֮ɢĿ־Ӱ
㣬ս
ħָһڵħۺȵħΪֻеۼڵΪеʮ㡣
ħ˵˼仰ʩչħһ˫ֻΪѪɫƱǣ˫־ȻԽԽڿγ˶Ѫɫơ
ʩչħһʵ˲٣Ըһͬɵۣ⻹ǲֶΣϧΪ̫ˡ
аɽһ顣
Ѫħơ
ħ۵˵һֻѪɫͻȻٶȱɽҪ죬ǣ΢ΣǡôĶ㿪Ĺ
ܿ죬ֻڿ·ɣħۻʩչ˻ͻȻϰٵƣټ٣ټ棬Ī⡣
ڼ״ϵ¶һ˿Ц⣬Լղѡħۣǵۼڵٮٮߣһħʮǿ
·ɶ㣡
ħȻ͵ĻӶ˫֣ѪħƱ㽫֮֡
ںȼĹֻ뱻Էĵ壬ǡֵܶԷĶֻʵѪħơ
ɵۣעӲѱ۵Ѫħơ
ħһĨɫʣֻѪħͻȻŴ󣬺ܿŴδС˾޴ѪħƣžͷƤ顣
üͷ΢壬⵹Ǻ£ֻǾ̫ˣֻȥѪܵƣôöġ
ʱһɶѪħƮħ۵ħûʹľ綾Զħۣɵ۸һ


1863 ӡ
Ϣ޾ԷĶֻ̣ǻǾ̫ģ˵ĵֶΣҲܱۣ̫ˡ
꣡
ɽһһֻѪħƱ㱻һж󴦣Ȼһʣֻ޴ѪħƱ㻪ΪѪ

ħ֪ԼѪħƵķôŻᱻһɵһնϣʱв־֮⡣
ȻһɵԽܣˣͲûˡ
ڼ״ŭ
ۺƴˣȥ
ħƴ߶һֻѪħֻ֣ѪħٶȹһһնѪħ֣Ȼ֮顣
ʧȥ˫ֵħۣɫ԰׵ˣȴʩչħֻѪħֻ֪ķ˲
ħп־壬֪ԼζԸȴȥһѾʧڿС

ħ۴ʧɫû̽鵽˲ƹ켣ڷ֮ʱоһʹսҲԸˡ
Ҫˡ
ħб뵽Ȼһ죬ԼԷɱ塣
ɵɱ˵ڶħۣȻħ֮£ϵʮֵȻ΢ЦǺڼ״ϡ
ߣ
ڼ״Ϻûӵĺ߳ٴ̽Ϊȷʵǵۼڵɵۣǣ˵ۼڵħۣ˵ۼڵħۡ
죬ϳִںڼ״ϵԺи֣ЩΪµħۣһηĶû˵ս
ϣԸΪħҫս
һڵħʱսòħаԷһۼڵɵۣȻҪڵħ۶ԸƺԵ̫ˣһɱţĸо
׼
ڼ״ȵȻ˵ɸڵħһս
кβң
ѾԵʽЩħ۵¿־ӰἫԷս
ãǵˣ۵ǿ㽻ѡ
ڼ״϶˵
Ϊ̸ѡ
ЦЦпɲյļһΪѡ
׼ȥɣ
ڵħһƱǣһʼѡʩչѹΪԵڵѹסԷ
ȫѹ£ȴӴѹЧȻӿȥܿ
ͬһڼǰ㣬Ӵѹˮνˮԣǵħѹֳʤ뷨ˡ
һΣҿҪˡ
аȵһЦαѾʧڿС
ڵħķʧȥ˶Է˲ƹ켣ڶԷ֮ǰսУȴǿ̽鵽˲ƹ켣
ܣԲܣ
ڵħٶʹħǿսףħס˾λãΪ˷ֹԷɱ
ƺȫʧˣȻڳĵڸȴ̽鵽˲ƹ켣ǵħ۵ǰֻ֮ص̫ãȻûб֡
Сģǰ棡
һڵħ̲סѵмĶԼȥս
ȥ
ڵħ۵һնǰǣһȴն˸ա

һڵħ۷ֶԷѾԼ󣬸תȴֻһʹӾеħҲʧȥƿء
һ˶Էľһ󾪺Уһͷ­߷ɳȥʱǵħ۵ħ֮ͻȻҪӶݵħӪ֮С
ܲġ
һץұ۾Ȼ޵ȥٶԶǵħ۵֮塣
ⲻǵۼڵΪԲܡ
ڼ״͵ĺȵоƭˣԷӦΪ򣬾ɱڵħۡ
һȺڵħ۷׷սһŭĶ޲ɱ֮졣

ڼ״ϵ˵ʵʲôΪ
ڡ
Ц˵
Щսĵħ۷׷ײ˵ˣһ㶵Ķڼ״յĻ˻ȭͷ
Է츳ĵڸ֣ҷʮڸ֣ȻռƣȴδʵռơЩΪµɵۣٶ࣬ҲвԷˡһսһս
ڼ״дĦţ·˶֮ģȫԸĶԴˡ
磬㲻Ҫһ˶ˣһûأ
æ˵治ϣԷʮһˣԼɾûǿĶˡ
ģ¶ֵġ
ԯЦû뵽Լ˱Է׷ŵչԷƺˡ
ðɣ˻ܸÿ˰ɣʮˣǶԸˡˣˡ
Ц˵пɲŹκһ©֮㡣
ܺãһɱǸƬײԯã׼𣿡
ȹЦ츳ƺԯսеȴй֮޲֮ͽ
Ǿ˶ԸǶԶԸ
ڼ״´
ǻʲôɣ
ȿЦųȥԯҲεĸϣħǾŴҲͰ಻סˣ˫ĺܿսһš


1864 ȺħҶ
ħɵ۷׷۸ߺڼ״עһһŲ
ֶɽͬĶ֣ԣƺ̫ˣԷħۣҲԼĶ֡
У
ڼ״Ц˫ִ˲䱶ʩչħǴһֹʵٴο
ҵļӳӵҪǿһе˼͵ѧҲʩչħˡ
ΪЦſŶԷʩչڼ״ȴǲʹʵǿĿɲһ㡣
׷ڵǿʵȴڳ־սЩħ۹עһ൱Ŀ¡ڵʵֻϣԯȣȻҲδܹսʤеκһ
зֵ츳ǿģԼ治һ㡣
аɣ
ڼ״ϺٺһЦһƸ

岻˷ؿӭƷ磬⵹Ǻڼ״û뵽ģа
һ֮䣬ɣǺڼ״Ҳ˳ɣúڼ״д󾪣ԼʹħȻֻսƽ֮ƣµǣԼǽԷ
ȻûС֣̫ǿˡ
ڼ״ηٴι˫ͬʱˡ
۸ɱҲɱʵЩ˼ˡ
ЦԷʿ
ٽӱһԡ
ڼ״ϵֻΪѪɫЦĹ
νʼ磬һ嵲һУǣƷӽؿʱͻȻһɹŹֵ˲䱬ԼؿڱӡһѪӡ
ã
̷Ϊ۵ս׾ȻҲ޷һƣսͬؿڵƤ˲丯ʴһϢӿ֮С
ʲô
ؿڵѪӡȻʴۣһ־ҵʹƺ߳
ٺ٣˱۵ӡήһ룬ٶҲ룬׼ɣ
ڼ״Ц
ȥ̫ˡΪԼɽκιˣʵǴش̫ˣʲôƷȷʵ
ʹǳ֮ᣬؿڵƲûм񻯣ʮԵѪӡȴҲһʱ޷ת
ڼ״ٴιʱܵܣǣٶȴе࣬ȻûܳԷĹΧ
ɣ
֮һѪӡ뵽Է˵Ļжʱ󾪣ǶԷ˵ĻģԼٶȼټ룬ҲǼټ룬Ķ֡
ٺٺٺ٣ЩɵۣԴĿˣ֪۵˰ɣҪΪǿ󣬱۾ûа취Ը㣬ħ֮УĴڣڱеҲв١
ڼ״϶͵Ϯ֣ܲ⣬ֻҪԼķӣȻڲ֮ء
һʱ֮Ҳû̫õİ취ӡĸӰ죬֪ԲٴαԷӡУǹϵĶݽ˷֮С
һڼ״ϲɰã͵Ĺ죬úڼ״Ƶ鷢ˣǷޱȣӡϮȥȴû˿ĺۼ
֪ʹ˹עһĹʱƣʵٵ½Լڷ֮УܽʵָֻҪУԷɲԼĶ֣οԼľУǾǻΪ塣
ԯǾŴħ۵սΪң˿Ǵʮ̭֮ǿߣɱļĵڸ֣֣սƾ֮ơ
˵츳û˵ŴħҲߣǵħȶҲСΨС
˫սļޱȣһʱ֮ҲԷֳʤεĶ֮ڼ״϶ţʽԣʤδ֪
ڼ״Ͼͬ˴⬣޴¿ڣ޷ֿܷܡ
СļһղŲǺô͵ͷڹˣб¾ͳ뱾õһս
ڼ״ϲϵļǣǷ֮ȴκԷûһ
취ķ
ڼ׳˸ֹħҲˣɻ޷ķ
ҲƣԭΪԿٵɱڼ׳ϣȻͽսڴ֮£ԸΥ񷴵ڱľ档
ǳ֮ĻָЧȻƣԶٶַǳֻµȵϣҪһµʱ䣬ɲԳܵʱ䡣
ʹַκǶѪӡ޷ˣԽƣڼ״֮²ؽƣͼͬС
ħۻúڼ״дŭȵ۱죬ɽ磬ҵȲй¶١
һսͣǺڼ״Ȼ޿κΣֻȲȻԯ
ãҪһ͵Ϯˣֻ»൱鷳
аѵСϵ͵Ϯǧ򲻿ɱУ򣬺롣
ԯͬʱӦҲսļ϶ĴʱҲźڼ״ϡ
治ʡģ̫ɶˡ
ڼ״ŭԷзԼô͵Ϯֻȼսһ
ˣסˣȻвѵͷ
뵽ڼ״¶Ц⣬һ͵ļսš
ڼ״ϵʵɱǿ٣Ҳ˵Ĵˣԯȵѹʱ
˲סȣס
ڼ״֣վڸҲǾ޴塣
ıóѣǲս
ȴ˵
ã
ԯǿƣǾҲߣڴϵ£ܿ˼ȶսĿꡣ
ȱΧס񹥣ԯΧһʱ֮䣬ԯսˣôЩѣԯ츳ʮǿ󣬻֧֡
¶вңȻħ֮ˣ̫ˡ
в³˺ڼ״ϵͼЩżһСģȫûⶼԼ̫ˡ
ڼ״˫ս֮䣬һֹκһ˵ͻΧһ滹ˣ֮⣬ڼ״ϻԼıʱ׼ͻϮһˡ
ԯʾһħۻмȻݺݵһնԷپ׵һ£ȻһƯɱ
ʮķ
ڼ״ŭΧһˣȻɱһˣֱܴ衣
ϵս׶ٶˣеսѾ𻵵ʮأԯᣬƴˣǿԲɱԷ֮ˡ
죬Ҫ
ԯаΪ߱ĳǿ츳Щ˵ĽԻԼҪɱԼȴ¡
һԯһʵû뵽Ҳ߱սԽսԽǿ츳ʵϾķǳ֮٣˳£ԯԻ߱һơ
ڼ״ϵĺûȥƬ̣һҽУԯĹ˲䱬ٴɱһħۡ
˵ħ֮룬úڼ״ϼҪˣΪʲôŮ˻ǿ
ȼԯɱˣҲЩץˣԷĵ˿ԼĶԼն̫ˡ
ɣս޵еս񣡡
͵ĺʹͷۣ˾һ㣬ҲΪ֮ǡ
ҽɱһˣʮϢ֮һҲɱȻȵĶֻʣһˡ
Ǹ
ڼ״˲ˣʱԯҲ̽鵽˺ڼ״ϵ˲ƹ켣ȴ˵Ĺ˺˵ķ
䣡
ڼ״Ϲһԯĺ󱳣ԯ͵һ𣬶ʱоԼѸٵ½
ȥ
һȭ˶֣Ȼųԯڵĵط
֮ԯʵ󽵣ͬʱ˹壬һѪǿ󣬷ֻ»ᱻɱ
ڼ״뵲סȣȴһȭɡ
ڹؼʱһץסԯȻĹˡ
ڼ״ôû뵽Ȼᱬǿ֮̽Լʵٵ½֮ǰĵ̫࣬ʱѾ޷ôˡ
һҪɱ
ڼ״ϷҲΧɱȵ֮С
һ壬ϲսʽǣԯΪһץԯⲻӰ˷ӣԷ˺ƻȻרŹԯ
ԯʵ󽵣ȴƴӽȷһʱ֮·磬֮󣬶˸
ĿŶ˴Σ֮УҪˣǸ״̬ûȥҲﲻʲôæ
һᣬȱˣɻʮǿսţȻս˶ԷĶˡ
ӽƣѾǿ֮ĩˣ
ڼ״Ȼڳ˷񹥻Ļᣬ͵Ϯȡ
ڼ״һ˼޴ɶ㣬̸оʵ󽵣ںڼ״ϴʱҲ½࣬пһս
¡¡
˵ĹԯѪʱԯͻȻԶ䣬֮Ա
򲻿ɣ
ȴ󾪣»δôԱأ
ԯĻŵħ۵ĹͬʱһҲʱ˲ŵдϢ֮
ҲҪ£ƭǵġԲԱġ
˵֮΢΢ˣһ쵽Ծ׼ֳ
ȫ
ŭˣ˫ѾѪһƬʩչ屾塣
ŭĽɫ˲䴩͸ƣǽƷ𺳵һĻ˶˴ԯҲŤͷ˿еĽɫ


1865 츳
ʩչ屾ʱӡĸ״̬˲ʧӰ٣ʱαµʵΪǿӴѹǼħҲ־壬ڼ״Ҳ˵֮ˣ˵ȫǶ¡
壬ֲ̫ˡ
ڼ״д󾪣ıʱǰ֮һս
ಣ
ֱӳ˹ȥȵץԯ˵󣬶Щħͬʱˡ
ɱȫᱻɱ
ڼ״͵ĺֵǰ
΢Ĵϣȥɣ
֮ŭȻ͵ĳԷгȥ
ٶ̫죬ִľˣһײֱӽжײɣҲǺڼ״ϡ
ڼ״ƴ˫֣ҪʼʩᣬһڻǺڼ״϶ʱ𺣣ϵսҲ˲ȼ

ڼ״ϣ޿һţֱӽڼ״ͬǻ˸Уڼ״ֻüһУȻ޾ĻΧ֮С
⼸ĿɿڴзӦһĺţӣ
αҲ߱ɱڵʵʱ屾壬ʵ࣬ɢӵĵħۣϵʩչɱ֮Էħ֮Ҳѡ
ʱ˼׼ݵħ֮壬ȶնɱĵħۣǿ֮£Щħ֮׷׸ܵһǿű޷ܵķĸС
̶̵Ƭʱ䲻ħЩڵħȫֻʣԵΪ׵Щħۡ
ͱ˵ӣɢ룬ڿзǰܿ㲼ؽƣеħ۶ڽ֮С
ɱЩħۣ
ȷſԯųħ֮䣬ʵȻͬȺʣµĽȺ
ɱ
ѪһĻҲԯս⣬ܵӡĸãʵսȴԶЩʣµħκһˡ
ڽչһĻɱ¾һʱǺ죬ɱ¾ȴ˶ͣ£ڰʱ󣬳䶨һѾƽ
֮ʬ鲼ûһħѣҲħ֮壬Щħ֮ʵսҲΪǿ
ʩչ峡Щħ۵˲һ𣬲֮󣬽ֻʣһƬⳡɱ¾֤Ҳʧ
ڱαϵĶѪӡҲʧԯܵӡӰ죬Ҫһʱȫָ
ȣܵӡӰ쵹أʱһļȻⳡսʮֵܡ
磬ô죿
δ˵
һأ㵽ʲôķ
Цʵ
ԯҲԵڵˣʵ̫ˡ
磬ھͳ񣿡
ȷʵ
ǵǣֻ֪ʲô취Գ񡣡
شڻʺϳ񣬱ϾûοԼûɵۡ
ô򵥵ģȷʵгķǣڻ˵ɽ飬ʱҲһ˵
ص˵
ѵҲֻ֪ںң
̻ɵ˵Լȵ˽⣬ڻ̣ԸЩϡ
ʵûؾģÿһ˳ķһҲ˵һбˮɡ֪ĳ񷽷ҲֻһЧǵĳ񷽷ҪԼȥ֮ΪﵽڣҲԶˡȻ˵ÿ˳ķһҲζһͬΪˣȴҲŵȡ磬ͬʱΪһˣ˭츳ǿ󣬵ڵʵǿڳ֮ʵҲԸǿ½ɵĵЩơðɣҾ͸¶ô࣬Щ˵ˣá
Ц˵ⷬԯ˼
ϻ˷ϻǷϻ˵˵û˵ˣһкܶҪһҲżȣ㣬ѾﵽΪħ֮壬ҵʵҲǿͻȻͳ˰ɣ
Цʵ
ԲᣬֻǴһ磬Ҳʵǿ㾡ǿʵ֮ĺô಻ʤУڸ֮ʱʵôǿҲġ
ʮֿ϶˵
еĵûˣЩƣԼǸЩ³ŵӦ֪ǳֻ֮еԼ֮˲ܸ֪ǡ
ԭˣˣһֻ˳ȻֻвϵʵŸпܳ񡣡
ԯ˲ٵҲ͵ĵͷ
磬㲻ҪǰǲǸȥһһĴ󣿡
ʵ
ĪҪżЩħ۾żȻֵģǵħ֮壬ܲҳһ˿
˵ϥʼڵħ֮塣
ԯһۣԯȴЦȴ磬Ѿ߱ĺܶ츳츳Ҳһ֣Ӧÿħ֮ˡȥˣ
ʲôأѵõսȴûɵ츳
쳤̾лĽԯĺˡ
ʮʱȴԼ
磬ǲǸð츳أ
Ц˵˵˵ȴûκָ
ðɣԣܲܽս츳һԤУ󣬻Ϊ޵еս˼ʱҼǵٶȱһɽ磬ʵԶҡҲڵ츳ǿ󣬵ǵ磬츳ܻǻ㡣
˵ЩֻеĲ²⡣
ٺ٣磬¶ˡҿս񣬵߳ս񣬺ųһˣ츳ȻǸǵġȻҵ츳֮ʱܵƣɽչʾ츳ֻҵ츳ʮ֮һһҵ츳ҲȫʱδؾҵĶ֡


1866 ħͨ
Цĺܵ⡣
ˣһϣһ֮츳ΪˣҪˣҲſ졣
˵ȲԵſ죬һɽɫѪҺ˲˹д󾪣ԭΪ˽ѪҺԼڡ
һԣΪѪҺ˶ԣ쳣󣬶ʱѾ¶ģȻڡ
˹
˵͹ϵ˵⵹ǿͨһȺܿʩչֻȾ֮߱һڳѪҺʱȻЧá
ȸ֪ǽɫѪҺ̲̫ЩѪҺѸٵѪҺںϣںϵĹУȸоܣ֮ӿ嶼ƺҪըˡ
ȷһЧʱֻڳԣһΣҪѪ࣬Ǳ㻯Ϊα壬ȻΪṩɫѪҺ
ȸܵѪҺɺɫתΪĽɫ֮Χĳȵӿȥԯ޼Ҳڿٵıתš
Ҳ֪˶ѪҺ֮оѣʱֹͣѪҺαʱоΪƣ
ƣУڳɺеĸоκķ˼Ĵۣл츳
ѪҺͨѪƣԣŻѪԴɵĺһ㲻ġ
ͨ˾Ѫ֮ҪϢӪƷָͨڸоƣʱ㿪ʼڵЩ֮ħ֮塣
ȫµĸУӦȫ츳ԯ˷ڣ֮˶Ϊʵܶš
һºԯȴѹһʱ˲֮壬岢δκεķɣڵҲǿ˲١
֮Ҳ˫ۣ츳ԶԶǿڶˣһɺֻʣһЩǿ֮ħ֮壬Ѫ֮ƣѾʧʵҲǿ
о߱ȫ츳Цˣʹ󣬲ϵı仯˵ģĲֺ
磬㿴񣿡
Цű仯ģ˵ҲΩΩФ⵹һʱ֮Ҳû
أ
ԯҲ仯ģʱȫһģһҲЩˣ˵Ĺϵ츳ǾԲ⴫ģǽԼ޾鷳
ģµĶ񣬲Ҳֻƣδƣԣ˻ǻῴˣˣҸоҪˣǻǱԭģɣ
ԼЩϰߡ
˱ԭһϲɫʱ˵ħѾһͳħһ飬еĸֶһɼαɱħֻۣǾţһëħĿһͳ磬ǲϣɽ绹ӦҲڲ֮ħɽ硣УһΣħǱֶ·һ·ǰɽ磬Ѿҵȫɱһ·Ѿͨ磬ǲ⣬߾Ѿҡ
ħǿǲǸȥħһ֣ǵʵ
˼еսַˣɱħ磬ǽʮȤ
ȴ磬ħǳǿ˵ħֻǾţһëǾǽħ磬ҲδؿվȽŸһ汻һͳʵ̫ˡΪ罫ɽɴһͳһħ֣һͳɽҲʵԿɽһɢɳò˶þͻᱻħռƬ򡣡
ԯͲ֧ȵ
һͳ̫ˣҪɽһͳҪķ̫ʱˣô򵥵顣绹мǰ磬һͳֻӳˡҪôȥ磬Ҫôȥħ磬ֻѡ񡣡
Ȼ˵
ͷǰ˵Ȼϣǰħ磬ħ֮˴ͨǰɽڣѾԴٽɽ硣ǰ磬ⱱɽ綨Ȼסħ֮˵֡ԣҾӦȥħ̽һлᣬǾһħĸ֣Ƕɽǿв
ܺãǾȥħ磬ɱƬײƾ˵ʵ
ȺƵ˵
ȴ磬ˣ֮ǰ֣Ҳˡƾ浱ħ綼ǳħ˰ɱ˭ɱ˭Ҿûô򵥣ħܹһͳ춨Ȼӵǿʵ
ԯ˵ҲɴŹЦ
ôǶҪȥһȥħ磬Ȼͨħǰ磬ҵļƻˣһΣǽıħ۵ݽħ硣ǿΰɣ
˵꣬ҡǺڼ״ģԯ˿벻Щħ۵ľģһЩħ۵
ĪҪżһʼϰȷ򵥡ԺҪ⣬۲죬򣬱׻¶
֣˵Ȼһ֣ʱ˶ħ۵󣬶αȻҪģħ۵ΪȴŲѡ
ֱ֪ͨħ硣
Ŷű߽У֮˵һ޴ı߽ʯ֮ǰʯ֮ȥĵط޲ͬԯѾʯ֮Ļɫռʮϡмһ·ȻûлɫĿռ䣬һͨ


1867 Ϲ֮ħ
Щħķɫռ֮УҲҴǽ롣
˵䣬ȻѾٵĽ˶˷֮УȻڷ֮г˻ɫռ䡣
ǻɫռУмһ޳˾͵ĹԱɽĵطһ̵Ĵţڴ֮ǰһâӿĴ󣬴һĹâţûɫռ֮С
˴ϣȻ󽫶˴ֻǰһΣѾһȫµĵطͬһ޴Թ˵ĺһţǵ봫Ĵſź
ʲôطźܹŹ֡
ԯʵֻպܹ죬ԺɫΪʵԵùޱȡ
ħ罨ĴͨЩħļһ̫ˣȻӴĽ֧ŶĳͽӦ˵׼̫ˣ⹬ԵʮֵĹϡ
۲ΧҲЩ𾪵˵
ǵģħʱµϢأЩ˾Ǵͨġ
ȵͷҲ̫ͨΰˣһΪǿĴͽ֮Уˣܹܸ־ҵⲻһһǿıݡ
վڴУĿΰĹһʱ̾ѣѾһ⣬ĥǲǸûٵΰĹħıƲ
ߣǰħ硣
ͷǰȥ·һǽʱһ͵һȭǽ֮ϣ¡һǽϳһֻۣۼǳǳҲסˡ
磬ûɣһǽڣһȭͺ䵹ˡ
ЦҲһȭǽڣֻǣȴоһɾ޴ķ֮徹ȻվΣǽ澹Ȼۼûг֡
ɣǽôȷҪӲ
ȾղŻڳȴѾ𾪵Ŀɿڴ
߰ɣѾ꣬ҲЩϹħ۵Ľ
ЦЦҲ̾ط档
˳ǰУһ·ֻ֮ĵܣȴûмκһˣ⹬յģֻ˵Ĵڡ
ѵûħһɽ֣֮һ˫нȿΪħҲΪɽ񣿡
ɻżУк쵽ΣյϢ̽ڵϡ
⹬Ҳʮҵĸ߶ȣͬʱµ棬ʱȻֹ֮еǽڿԵֵԼʶ̽飬ǰ·;ȻʼǰػأͬԹһ㡣
ԯһһҵĻм䣬ԭأԹ˻޾ķŭ
ʲôÿֲ
ԯС˵ֻͨаҿǰţеʯǶž޴ҹ飬ͨյѩҲеĵطһƬ谵޾ڰĻ谵ȴطĺڰȫͬ
磬ôоطˣҲͨħͨͨͨ
ѹ˵ԼطֻܿʮɶԶԶĵطȻһƬڰ
ȱ𶯣Ҳо⡣ûħ·µκκۼֱ̫ˡ
˵꣬ʼڤЩħ۵ӰԺг˶϶Ļ棬ڷ˿֮ԭЩħҲͨȥɽģֻǣߵ·ȫһֱֱߣûоκε
죬ԭ·ء
һʱķУ̸˷еͬʱǿֲͻȻ쳹ռ䡣
ֻĸо֪ޱǿˣž̷أط̫ˣͺñ֮ǰԨ֮һ㣬ãֻ»ᱻС
ԭ·أûñ㿴ʱĴʱаϲҪ뿪
磬⵽ô£ǲҪǰħѵߴ·ˣ
ԯɻʵ
һ壬ǵħ֮ļб˴ѶϢħ絽ɽ繲жͨЩħߵǺΣյͨڽΣյͨħΪ˷ֹɽ֮˴룬رõһ塣ܲˣˡ
Цɵħ֮ļУȡͱźõļϢͨԤ֪֮ЩħߵĲͨ
üʱ֣ǻлԷء
ҵ˵Ȼվ˴ϣԯҲվ棬ȻһĻˣǴȻ޷ԭеĹЧ
ʧЧˣ
ȴ󾪣һ󣬺Ц磬ǵùˣ֮ǰǸֻܽܳȥѰҴˡ
ʲôȻ壬ǣʲô˲õأ
ԯʵ
϶ħ֮ˣҴĽܸоĳ
ȿ϶˵
ⲻǲħ֮ˣħʲôˣطѾںܾˣԣ˾ԲöԸһʮֲԤУпϹħ۲õ塣
˵˼֮ɫ
Ϲħۣɲʲôطеġ˵ЩϹħۣսġһǿϹħۣʵмΪ֮ˡϹħսңҿɷ˲ɱǡ
֣˵˻һҲɵĵɴ۾ֻΪ˵̫ˣϹħ۾ȻӵսսʵѵЩϹħҲһࣿ


1868 Թ
ϹһʮֹϵʱǸʱԶûǿƳ磬ķǿϹ֮˴ġٸӣϹ֮ҲԺųƴɽ硣ȻϹ֮Ҳо֣֮ΪǿĽ磬ΪСľͽ˸һĽ棬ɣħ硣
ȻЩΪ֪飬ԽԽ⡣
磬Щ£ڻ˵ɣΪħ磬磬򲻷磬Ҳħֻ֣֮𲻻̫󡣻Уֻһɽ磬ħ磬磬ֻһ硣
˵ʮأ͸¶ЩҲԯһʱ֮䶼ס
ԯŴͣ۾ɵĴģͬһ㣬Ĳţһʼ𾪣֮Ӧˡ
ʵһֱҲкܶʣΪˡ֮ǰ޴󣬼ȻоĴڣ֮Уƾ֮࣬ˣݾԲ½Ψһ
ȻɽҲΨһģϾޱȺ嫣ҲΪڸңԶĵطɽĴʽȻҲΨһԣܹȵĻ
ֹ仰Ӵ磬֪жδ֪ȥ̽Īļ
ðɣξͲ˵ˣŵǣڻԹϹħ۲õ壬ҹҲ̫ǿǿϹħֵۣطֻɱǿλˡ
Ȱοпɲô롣
ˣΪЩϹ֮ںټʲôԭأ
ʵ
Ϊսɱ¾Ϲ֮˱ԺսǼսκˣ⡣Ϲ˲߱һԣһһЩϹ֮ɱĸࡣһҪԭǾɱ׷ɱ£Ϲ˼Ѿȫˡ
Ƚ͵
㲻˵Ϲ֮Ĵʼ׷ɱϹ֮ˣⲻԼɱԼˣ
ԯʵ
ɱʵ̫ˡѵͬΪ˾Ͳܻɱ룬ͻˡ
ȵͷ˵
ˣֵ̽ΪֹȣȻ˽Ϲ֮ˣôﵽʲô壬ûϹ֮˵Ĵڣ
ȻʵϾѾ壬˻ûΣ֮ء
Ϲħۣ˻ĺܲҺܲңһ㷴ĻᶼûСϹħ۰ǿǴϹ֮˵߾磬ǿ֮ҲηĴڡΪϹħˣҲӵкܸߵļطĹϽΧ֮ڣǲǿϹ֮˵ġܹģǱȽСϹ֮ˣȻǵСֻ֮ˡЩɵۣǻǿĴڡ
˷ܵ˵ѵÿڶ˵ǰһȻʮ
֮϶Ϲ֮µ壬Ϲ֮ˣǲһСҲ˵Ϲ֮˵Ļǳ֮С
ȷ
ǣղǿֲĽѵϹ֮˴𣿡
ԯʵ
Ϲ֮ôɵô
ȿЦ
Ƕ
һŭͨͬĺǷǳĿ־塣
ܣ˵ˣϹ֮˵ĴڡӦһϹ֮ħ⣬ʮֲҲᱻɵɱ
ȵ¶־֮ɫжݣηսη壬һ޷ܵǿڡ
˵ˣǸղŵĻһȣղ˵ɵҲ²һ鷳ĺܲҺܲҡ
΢Ц˵㴦Σ֮УҲǸЦЦϾûֽδ֪Ĵأ
㻹ЦҪСġԤУοҪˣĲġ
ȵ΢΢ЩΪڵʵϹ֮ħֻķݣϣʵ̫Сˡ
ǿ취뿪ҲֲõԤУ̫Σˡ
ԯҲЩ£Ͼδ֪Ŀ־壬˭Ҳ֪ʲôϹ֮ħϹ֮ħʮ˸޷Ϲ֮ħ
֮֮ú£ҲϹ֮ħأ
Ц˵£ԼҲֳ£Ƕ˻ӻңʱ򣬼Ǽװ¸ңҲǻһĺôġ
ǵģ˵еηһôûеģǼȻˣǾҪ취Ϲ֮ħȻӳȥ
Ȼ˵кһǿҵս⣬Ͼսʲôû
ǧҪżǵúú˼£뿪
Ц˵Ȼʼ۲ΧԯҲʼܣѰκпܵĳڡ
Ƭ֮˽ʲôջûĴҪ뿪ǰѰҡ
ǰɣǸϡ
˵̳꣬ǰУò˶ã˱ص֮ǰԹ֮ʱԹ˻ԽԽ󣬾ͬһͷҰһ㣬˲
ǰǰ棬ԯм䣬ȸ󡣡
̵ķԸȻɽʱעǰϸС仯
һ·ǰС̽Уʱɽʯ¼Ǻţ˼ʱ󣬵ûκΣա
ֻԽǰ·ܱ߶˲ٰȥĽеϻŲ֪ʱҲ͸Źĸо
СĶߵңҲΣ֮˲š
ԸкʮֹĸоԼϤĸоܿڵĳϷ
Ϸ֮УԹϹ֮ħõĽƣֻϷ֮УСֲ֣ϣ򰲾Щ졣
ߵĺһֱĲ鿴ԵĿռ䣬лΣտܲǰԶԣϷʱĸоʮֵƣߣʱעԵĹ
һ·ల£ԽоԾǰ·ܿͳΪ·ڣͨǰңֻѰһ·ǰ
Թһ㣬˵ʶ̽鷶Χޣԣ·ں󣬵޷ѡ
˻Թʱֻ޴ʹ룬Ǿĳķʽ̽·
˫ӣһʱ䣬ѹѹѪ˳ЩѪ䱻̫ãʱѾ߱˸ǿΪһֺ󣬷׷֯ĳ˷̽·
磬ʲôʱô۷䣿
ԯЦʵ
Ѫ䣬ܶһ֣ҵ½շģʱÿɳó̽·ǱܸԹĽṹͼ
͵ЩѪɳʱʱҲˣһʵҲмˣﵽ˴޽ɵľ硣
˵أôôΪӵ˻ԭôѪ䡣
ԳЦЦˣЩѪ仹кܴõģʱ򣬼ֱʵԮ
ѪɶʱʶҲ֮쵽ÿһ䣬һͷŵһǧֻѪɽ⿪Թ֮ա
˫ĿΧһһһʱƤ΢΢Ĳһ£һֻѪ䱻ɱˣֻѪҲ߱ɳڵΪȻֱɱ
ҲһֻеĹһڽѪˡ
аú󣬷ԼͷŵѪ׷ɱԸطԽĵ㣬ѪԽ졣
طȻûгڣǸĵҲΨһĳڣĵܿǸϹ֮ħڵĵطûѡ񡣡
аЩѪӰ΢΢ģȻϾѪ䣬ʱͻȻʮֻҲЩۣ֮ȫٻءѪ䷵֮ʱʧʮֻѪ䡣
Ѿ̽ˣǽһڣΨһĳпܻĵ㣬ҲǸϹħ˵ڵءǾǸǰǸѰ·أ
˵
磬ȻǼǰǸϹħ˽֣޷ǺѴȥ
ȵ˵
ҷԡ磬ΪͨķӳȥӴĽһĳڣҲڣҲ򿪳ڣǾͲȥϹħˡҲ£ϹħһǱĳĶӡĴǱסˣӦˡ
ԯԽԽпܣȻ֪壬Ϊβ㿪أ
ǣĽǾӳֵģҪͨһ֣൱ѡΪûжٻģ֮ͨҲ޷ǻɫռ䡣˵ףͬһѰķʽ
ȷ
˺ܿγۣһ㼺Ǹеȴݡ
ˣǶ˵Ķеڴͨطȥô޷ǰħˡȻΣգҲֱͨħģΪðһԡȻԯ˵Ϲ֮ħܱӡסˣԶԶ̽һΣҲ󡣡
˵Ȼ޳ȵ
һԯãɲһ˵㻹Ӷɣ
Ц˵
ðɣǾȥϹ֮ħ
ԯ˵ʲô֪Ѿ˾ԼҲЧġ
ߣ֪·;кܶΣ֮ȸ˵һ£СĻɵСĵŵļ׳棬ҪСĺɫ塭
һ˵˺ܶΣ֮öëȻ
СˣЩʵвٶӵеڵʵǧҪСģһУ롣
ѵЩջЩɱԼôѪ䣬ΪǱʵڲԼϰߡ
磬е¡
ԯ˵еЩ־壬־ĲЩʵЩﱾ
ʲô
ʵ
˵Щ³ӣ֩룬ߣ˵Ҷܺ¡
ԯЦһʧɫģȥͲװġ
ЩªĶʲôµģҿеˣ㶼Ầµġͽǵˣһɱһɱһ˫ûʲôµˡ
ȿЦΪԯµɣ⵹ȶʲôֲĵط
Խ£ԽҪ˷ɣͷǸҪ£Ǿֻ·һ
ֱһҲûԯ
ʲô
ԯʵô벻Լộ³ǺܶŮ˵ԣǴ˵صĳӣӵǿʵĳӣ⵱Ȼԯп־ˡ
磬ҴͷɣҿɲЩС
ΪԯΧ


1869 սʤ־
ûأԯԼԼˡǰͷҾԲְ㣬һеԼԼ
һ㲻棬֪һκܺõĻᣬԯܿ˷ѣһˣҲͲηսˡ
ȳ̾һȻִˣԼҲö˵ҪĻǿԯûǿͷҲûκεô
ԯᶼ켱ĵܵĲжʱЩίԼǸŮˣѵͲӦչһ
ҲڵһĲС
ԯҵķԵˮ
ʮķ㲻ͷھ͸жԶԶ
ȵԯʮĲм
ʲôҪҹ˵ģɲҪڡ
ԯɵˣͰ͵бޱȡ
ǵģˣԶҲҪҲһ͸Ҵͷ󡣡
˵ԯŭ
ԯãҲһƬġͿ˷һ£ֻҪ¸һ㣬һжûµģɱˡ
æЦȰΪԹߣп϶֪뷨ʱԯһ¡
ߡ
˵˺ܿ㳯ǰȥаʵ磬ĲˣǿһģôҲһ߳ȥ
ˣСˡ첻ɱá
֮ǰͲڿЦ
ҲЩɻˣټβ֪Ǽ
˻ǰУԯԭأһ㶵վţһʱ֮ô벻ͨղĻжʱŭޱȡ
ҲŲǵСƾʲô˵Ҫȥ֤ҲǵС
ԯ͵ĺȻ㳯ǰ׷˹ȥһ׷˶ˣȻǰ档
ȶһۣȴкЦȶʱˣûʹ˱ȽϺݵļ
֮໥һξ룬ģЩﶼķΧܱߣʱԶԶûеط
ԯһת䴦ͻȻ֮һëȻĸоԶһֻδС򼣬ͷں֮ɫ˫ʱ죬ԯ鲻Խľ
ںڵͻȻϰһ˫۾ĶԯֻĻţͬһ㡣
Զһ򼣬ǾǿΪ򼣬ԯڶʱ˫ѾЩеɽҵĲš
ԯ뺰Ժкܿ측Ļǻͷһۣû˵ټ

ԯһתͷ亹ֱðһɫĴߣ߿ֲǹµϳӣ͵ԯʵĸо
ǰ·סˣԯɵʱ䣬ֵ˷ǰĿзֻɫЩȶ졣
ԯŵĻɪɪΧֳ˼ֻ޴֩룬Щֲ֩
Ҹô죿
ԯоֵԽ£ЩԽ۽ԯо١
ԯã춯֡
ȵԶ
ҲңҲҡ
ԯ־˵ʱΪԼǸС
ڴʱǼֻ֩ʼɫߣԯΪ֮һ彥ʯڡ
ɫͻȻһŻ棬һֻ֩ܿȼзĲҽУһ㱻ճ˻ҽֻ֩Χɫߡ
ಣ
ɫƺսȻԯڵĵطȥ

ԯ̳ɽܿ㷢ߵĶʮѸ٣ԼĶȻ죬ҲԲȻȴһҲûдߡ
Ҫ㣡
߿˵ˣ͵Ĳסԯֱۣԯƴʧȥԭ徹Ȼڵϡ

ԯҽһֱ϶һۣԯҲˣô벻ԼսҲ޷ֵߵݡ
ұҧˣҪˡ
ԯ۵Ȼı͵һȭߵͷ֮ն첲˦˳ȥ
ಣ
߹ȴ仯ΣǱˣԯסˡ

һֻҲȻȱ仯ɵġ
Ĺһʱȫʧֻվԯǰ
ĹѾˡ
˵
ǵģıʧĵαسΪڵĸأ˷츳
ҲЩŭ˵Բ֪һһƾԯı֣طԱ⡣
ԯ棬ʵûԶˣʱȴģǶΪáѾԹһˣҲûʲôµġϣҪףԽ¾Խãֻ
ţ֪ˡ
ԯޱȡ
֮ԯɵһǰߣȹʼʩٴκݺݵԯһأֻڶεĿЧʵڲԯѾʼˣǺ£Ҳûеһôԡ


1870 ʯҲ
̽ʱԯѾֵķǳˣǿƵĹһ˸ԣǣûöþԯ˷ĵĿ־塣
ڣǰ棬ԯм䣬ڵ档ãֱĵɣ
˵󣬻Ϊһֻ𣬵һǰҲѸٵı仯ȻѾ
ԯ룬Ȼһֻѩ׵ӣˣط仯״ֱԭе״̬⣬ǲǰǰô
ڽӽĵʱٶȣܿ췢ĹﻹǹԼΪԼ仯ǵͬͷ
ಣ
Ϊα壬еɽ͵նǰһֻɫӦնΪأʬ󣬾ȻΪһɺʧ
СģĹǳ֮࣬ǧҪǵС
ѵ֮ǰҲΪԼ޾ħۣУ㱻ħɱԣԽ
˹һ·ں󣬵ǰѹѹһƬϵĹֻ֮࣬еĹ࣬ͨƺȫǸָĹ
ʹʶ̽飬ȴǸ̽鲻ЩΪأЩԲ֮ܳΪˡ
ɱǣ
нһѾɱ˼ֻ𣬶Ĺĳ
һ·ǰҲ̼ĹһᣬĹԴԴϵĳֻƴɱ¾
Щɫ̫ǿֻЩȴʮֵĿ¡
ɱһֻʱȻеĻɫϮֱۣһʱ֮䣬ֱ۾Ȼֱľˣָоһֱʮ벻ֹ
ɱǣǧǻС
˵֮Ȼں˻棬һնһƬȻĹʵ̫ˣΪСģҲ˺üС
һ֩룬³ҺһմȾ˭ôᵼߵٶĳһʱڴ󽵵ͣЩ಻ʮָ֣Ĺзʤ
һᣬ˶ԵЩƣһ·ɱɵȴûκεʬ壬ЩԽԽ࣬ʵǷǳԵ˺ս
ͨĿ£֮ǰҲû̽鵽ĵ㣬ƴɱ¾£Ǹо˴˵صĲпᣬϲ֪˶ٷʵҲӰ졣
ԯ˵Ĵң˵ٶѾ½һֹЩĹ£ϵսʮأΧĹﻹޱ޼һ㡣
Щôһ㶼أ
Ƶĺ
ҾûǻۣǸù
ԯ˵ĺ£ڷɱ¾ⶼ鹦ûģԯ޷˷ĵĿ־塣
СսСЩ϶ҧ󣬾ĵ
ѵѾʹ˫ֽΪɵĿ·ֻ޷֤Щ
ЩʽԷѾǲԼ˶֮ԼٶȾ࣬ʱʱᱻЩﶨס壬ݵʱ䣬ֻܸĹ
ѭһ·棬ǰ·ȴԶûоͷȴֻ಻٣ܿв²һֿԡյԣЩﱻɱ˺ܶ࣬ȴûκεʬ塣ԣⲻϳŹԽԽΣп˵ǲģڱɱ󣬺ܿٴνս״̬֮С
ŲýƣȴҲס֣Խ϶ǹɱģԽɱԽ࣬һ·
˽עϹ֮ħϣΪֻϹ֮ħΣյģʵˣֻ˻ûҵϹ֮ħͱ޾Ĺɱˡ
ЩĵǿҲ൱ڵۼ˵ˮƽٲ־߱˵ڵˮƽӵеڵˮƽ
˵츳ֱԵڵĹҲֱӵֵȻҲסԷƵĹ£˵ķҲûôǿ
˽һɱۣѰҵطһǹȴ޾
ڷҷһʯţЩųֵʮֹ죬ܹڣҲԶЩĹ
ȻЩʯž壬֪ʲôҲĹ࣬Ҳпܵġ
˼ѵǰУھһʯʱͻȻһ죬ʯžȻԶˣʯʮֿտκι
磬ԯã
ʯ֮УЩŹԯʱԯҲѵɱǵʯ֮С
ôǸı
ʯ֮ǰҡͷ˵
磬ʲôûС
æ˵еĹʯ֮С
ûн룬ȴſڣס˹ʯ֮УϾû˹ķѹСһ㡣
ȣ̽ˣסſڣ֮ٽ롣
˵
ȿʼ̽ʯңľߵܣûĶ
ʲôûС
˵ʱʯͻȻԼٶȹرա
ಣ
ٶȶʯ֮УʯŹرպЩҲûһֻ׷
Сһ㣬ҾЩ졣
ѵһʯĽǽһߵܣ⵹ûиԼġ


1871 
磬ûϢһɣܹ죬Ҳһˡ
˵ʱ䴦һʯʣǱһƨ档
ʯԱ߱ǾߵܣŭԲɣ˫֮бһ󵶣ڵܵʮϸ£ߵܾͬһ㡣
٣ҿʲô
һȭߵʯϣû뵽һȭȥǵܾȻֻһ£Լȭͷһʹ
ôܣʯͷҲôӲ𣿡
ƵĵʯҲʮּӲʱҲͻˡ
ԯҲѡһʯţʱ˹ָϵƣվм䣬ռ䶥ǶƺͼȤ
ףʯսͼ
ȵ˵ȻʶԾʯսѾΣ֮С
䣡
һȷһĲҽУǹһԣ󾱲һҵʹ̧һۣȴʯ񵷵Ĺ
һӣŷԼɱˣбһԭʯҲɱˡ
ͬʱԯҲ⵽͵ϮԯӦ죬ֱ۵һ£ŵƲûǰء
ȿ˲ָƣȴҪһǹؼλˣ϶Ӱս
Ϯͬʱߵͬʱһ׼һ㿪˶ʯĹ
ЩҲɱˡ
ȴŭһȭǵܣȭԵȲ£ɵһȭ󣬶ʱ۵ĲҺҲǾߵһˡ
ǿҵҪǿ󡣡
ȴ󾪣ֱǵܵĹ
ܵĹٶȲ죬ȴƴÿһιʮϬڳˣҲ߱ЩӲƴơ
Ȼûô޴ֻ̽һ󣬺ܿ㿪ʼ㣬ŪЩܵȱ㣬ȻԹ
˵ĴЩùϾľߵܵĹ̫ǿˣͻϮһȭһߵؿʱͻȻԼ徹ȻˣǵǰһܵĿ죬ֻ»ˡ
ȥҲˣ̫ùˡ
ŭĺǰĶָͲ˵ֻǷһԼĶ֣͵ϮҲ޷ɱԷֱ˲֮ء
ԯҲò˶٣һߵܣԵЩȴȶ˵ҪõĶ࣬ٶ£ߵҲ޷һë
ΪźиԴϢĻᣬ˭֪ȴ˸͵ĹΪζݳʯҿա
յζϹ֮ħʵ޽Щҿ϶ģǵʯҲԶ򿪡
Ȼ壬ֱ˰Ϲ֮ħǸš
аֻҪԹƺʲôѡ񶼲ôãֻܱѰҳ·ᱻɱ
һʱǶס˾ƣЩʯƺụ̂ûֵƣ˲ϵĹǲϵĹʽ޼
ֻǲϵܣǣľߵܵ޾ƵЩһûħ֮壬ǣҲûκκôɵĽûС
֮ʱʯͻȻ䱻ˣһ˲ĹĹʯҡ
ʯֱˣҵ˳ȥǺܿ챻ЩＷ˽ǡñʯʮ룬ǣʯҵֹˡ
˵Χ˹ޣЩȴľߵܣľߵܾȻߵһֹˣЩķ˵ĴΣˡ
Ҵˣýʯҵġ
Ⱥڵ˵ϧ˵ûкҩＸҪЩѲĶŪˡ
ɱ
˼ͬʱޱɱ¾ʯչǣЩﱻɱԭظľʯֱֵﵽ˱̬Ч߾ȫסٶʯĹֻ˼Ҫˡ
˵Щʯûǻۣǵϼ޷죬ľʯΪĹ︨֮ǿʵֲ̫ˡ
ʵǿҲ޷õսȥĹȴӵ޾սһ
취ҲҪ⼸ʯ񣬷ʱһǶ޷ʯĴпܻˣֱɱ
аЩļٹʯʵ̫ˣ˵ĬֻҪˡ
磬Ǹô찡
ȴҪˣԼͣҲֲ޾Ĺ
ס취
˵һսһ˼ŸνǼʯ
磬һ㣬ʯӦҲ㣬ֻҪҵǵ㣬սʤǡ
ԯѵ
ãǼסȥѰ㡣
˵꣬еɽʼ̽ԵĹʯϵĸλ̽ٽЩʯϲκ㡣
δʩչ׼֮ɱﵣʱ룬ûǼһ֣֪ȥ֮󣬻ᾭʲôĿֲ֡
ЩһӦöʶ壬ǲõսȥ
ʹӳȻڽ˻棬֮һնһʯֱۣһ֮·ǿ
¡һ
ʯֱ۾Ȼնˣ˷ܵĺǻģǿԱɱġ
ǣһĻԶҲˣʯնϵֱѸٵĻָˣӵٶȽֻ˲䣬ʯĹ
үɱǡ
ԯнһ־ȻĹﶼɱԼһֻĽ֡
˼ţϸ֮̽󣬷ǵڹȻʶЩɱĹ߱˵ۼΪڵħʶһǱˡ
Ҵ룬ֻ·һҪħԶ֣Ǿͽڿϡ
ʯڻص
һǿϹ֮ħˣɱȥˡ
ԯľˣʱ֮Ա鶼ˡ
ȥ
ŭһ֮·ȵĶ־սȻıҲζʵķǿ
һֱĬţȴƣ²Щ֮Ϲ֮ħٿصģҲ˵ʶڿЩ֮
Ϲ֮ħʵǿ󣬿ɵħʶɢҲСοϹ֮ħȻħʶɢƿ벻֮ҲζϹ֮ħҲ֮Уı彫Ϊǿ󣬸ҪЩ塣
ǺܺõĻᣬϹ֮ħĶ֣ԽСǵĻԽࡣ
˼취ֻڱȽϸʹʲôİ취á
磬ҽսҲǲսˣԸսҲͶ
ȺɵĺԯҲ͵ŵ
ȥһأһϹ֮ħôʲô˲ģҲŲ
ˣȻһصЦ⡣
СӣΪħ޷ɱ㣿
ŭԶ
ǵģѾǵϹ֮ħˣ㲻һֱڴ˵أҰ޵İ㱻סˣҲ²Ѿˣֻħʶԣܿ˶Ĺܡ
²
ʲôô³ģ
Ϲ֮ħȵʵô벻ܻᱻ˲³
ô򵥵ĵʲô²ġҪħʶͷϣħʶɢʯϣû´ɢħʶһԳڵħʶ
ﲻݡ
ԯսжʱΪλҪϹ֮ħϻϻʲô
Ϲ֮ħˣô벻˴ˣ룬˵Сӣ¶ˡħĴ磬ͷһԻżǰ˻Ҫ
Ź
û뵽Ļеãϧֻȡһ˵Ļ
ǰʯﲻٹȻ˹ԯУʱѹ᧿Σ
ţƭңҲϵġ
ὣһЦֻҪȷһЩ飬ǽܿչطϹ֮ħҲҵˡ
ЦЦħŹ㣬ôƭأѵܲ͸ħ⣿ã˵˵ƭ֣
Ϲ֮ħЦ
ţԡ޷ݳĵ㣬ͷﱻסˣ˵Ǳӡˣ㵽УԶҲ޷ʹڵħʶ㽫ĺܲҡпܻвҲпܻв˵ĶԲԣ
ʵ
ԣû˵ǣô֤ħƭ㣿
Ϲ֮ħԽСǻۡ
Ҳ³ĺܶ飬ûȣ˵⡣ܣں뽫ҵʶɣֲòʹıƭҽӽ㣬Ȼлˡô
Ц
Ϲ֮ħĬˣжǻԽȤʵ̫֮ˣлõǻۡ
ףħŹĶѣΣ㿴Ǽֲ˶ˡ
Ϲ֮ħв
ҪһϹ֮ħƭǣôȥ
ŭкڵʱûɱһЩϹ֮ħ
磬ˣҾǧҪӦҪ󡣡
ԯҲļ
˰ô˰ϧǶҪ
Ϲ֮ħס嶯˵ǲӦù˽ӽ֮ء
Ϲ֮ħ㲻õǵҿɲط಻ţлɱ㣿
ʵ
Ϲ֮ħЦЦЦЦ˺þò˵˵󻰣˶ᡣħ֪ǣʵǻ۸Ҫûʵôɱħħϴڣôһһɱħķأοѵû֣ǱķҲǲĴ𣿡
ȣǼһᣬҾΪǽϹ֮ħңͷˡҵģɱ飬
ҲЦѾһ⣬⽫ԼһΪʤϹ֮ħǾ벻Լķ
ôԷħأ磬˵
Ϲ֮ħʮ㣬ле㵣ģҲرҪ֮塣
ðɣҾ͸㣬һɱ㸽ЩʯȻҵĵ㣬ɱ㸽Ĺ
˵
ħţɱԿҪ֪ħ֮ǲ֮𡣡
Ϲ֮ħ⼤е뿴ʲô


1872 Թĵ
ԯȫϣϣʱսΪ˵ȵǿϮ
Ҳ벻׼ʲôķЩɱĹǣȻżΪǿҵģǶ˼սȥڡ
еĽâһ쿪ʼŷɫĹâȶ˻Ǹ㲻뷨Ϲ֮ħȴĹעŷ죬۹⣬ҲȻһΪķ
ϣҿǻᱻ˵ء
ĬʱѾ׼ӦԷʽ첻֮һһնһʱͻȻ䷢ҫ۵Ĺâǲֱӱ˷֮С
ˡ
˷ܵĺ͵ı޾ս⣬Ϲ֮ħ͵ķһŭô벻ԼķȻʧˡ
֮̽еֻѾΪһźɫӣȻڵϣƺҲ޷仯Ϊ
ɫӾͬħ֮һ㣬ֻɫӲϵСǻΪһڵ㣬ڵڷ֮кҵķУҪ֮⡣
һѾ˷֮УǺڵУȻʹ棬ܿ㽫ڵһգǣǲҲˡ
ٴγʯ֮ʱϹ֮ħѾоһִδйĿ־壬֣Ϲ֮ħҲʧȥԭеš
ľٽӭĹʵԶκһˣЩڽӴɢĽ󣬷׷״ӿʧʵ򱻶˷֮С
еƾЩʯв𣬿һı˻Щֻ·һ
һᣬʯеĹﱻˣֻʣľ߻翹ĵܣԽӴֱӽܶʱȻ԰쵽ЩʯΪԼ
öԼʩչͻϮڽһʯֱն£ʯָ˲䣬ֱ۶˷֮С
ʼʩ£Ǿߵֽܱ˷֮Уڷ֮УǾʯܿɣȻӵǿսǣѾ𽥽ǰΣ
ڶ˵£ʣµʯҲ˷֮Уʯ֮бˣԯҲ˴Ϣ֮
Թĵ㣬Ϲ֮ħŭʯĹرˣҲûκι֡
ɶļһǣǽõ˵أ˭Ҳؼա
Ϲ֮ħŭĺ
뵲סң㻹ûǸ¡ģѾ֪ô뿪ʯˡ
Ųæ˵
˵һʱԯƶָˣ֮ͨǰķս˵ΪȻ˲٣Ǹֵһİο
磬Ϲ֮ħҪֲⲻ֪ǵڶٴηˡ
ȺٺЦĲҲࡣ
ǰЩ̫ˣֹˣԵ̫࣬ҶԱ֮ˣ뵽˰취ֻ·һ
ԯ̾ǳ֮ɫ
Ǻǣǲõӣ㲻÷죬ҲԸЩ֮һΣǵǲģϹ֮ħǿңԶսбɱˣҲ֪ôڴ˵صģҸоΰĽĽеһƷˡ
Ц˵ԤУϹ֮ħBOSSô뿪ĵأĵǷгڣҲЩɣгڣͨδһδ֪
ԣϹ֮ħԽ־ˣôû뵽˵صļһǿǿ˲òη塣
磬ǸóȥնɱϹ֮ħˣһ㺦ǣҪʬΡ
Ⱥ˵жϹ֮ħ˿ľη֮ġ
ԣȥɱ
ԯĵǿɲһʱ򱻶ˣɱ
ãʯţ
˵꣬ɵǺڵ̽ʯţһ֮£ʯŷϵĺ¡ȻĿˡ
յģЩԲ֪Ӱ٣˲òСΨֻϹ֮ħ͵Ϯ
磬ˣЩĲ֮ᱻȫǾ൱𡣡
ԯ˵
ţ뱣һʵߣֱϹ֮ħжٱ£ȥһ֪ˡ
ͷ˵
ûйﵲ·£˿Ըٵƽӽĵ㣬Թĵϣһ޴ʯңʯǷյģ涼ûţǸϹ֮ħĹС
ĵа·ţȻԹе·µľ޴ʯжȻԹܡ
ȺˣȲ鿴һ
˷ֱ˺󵽽䴦ڿУʶʼǾ޴ʯΧ̽顣
ԭеĺȻʱֹͣˣԹаĿ£ЩҲʧӰ٣˻ûзֶݳԹĳ·
Ϲ֮ħ뽫ʯңûгɹѾǰˣΪβһأ
˵ǵһȴûκεķӦ
̲סŭǣĵ㻹ûκεĻӦ˾ŹİͻȻһͷϹ֮ħˣܶˣҲˡ
ٴԺڵ̽ǵŵʯңѵһʯıھȻͬʱ£ռҲӳ˵
Ϲ֮ħأôˣ
Щʧ˵Ƿյʯڼǿһһ۵ĺɫɫ󲢲ۣʯҵıΪΪ͵㣬ֻҪһ͹ʯ飬ᷢá
磬㲻˵˵Ϊʲôʧȥټˣ
ԯɻʵ
ˡҾӵ֮ͨ⣬пͨطдԴͷġ
лǾЩԾϹ֮ħôܻ˵ģôбҪô
֪⴫ͨδ磬˵ҪҪ봫󣿡
̾
һȣȽط̽飬Ȼľ
ٴʩѪ壬һͷֻѪ䣬ҪãЩѪɱ鲼Թÿһν䣬һκεķ֣Ӳ̽顣
ûЩ̽Ҳ㣬ѪԿȫǰ˷ȫ̽飬һ칦Թȫ˽ˡ
еʯȫֿ״̬ЩʯҲʧأϹ֮ħеϵףڵʲôĿģһʱ֮仹²ΪеĿ̫ࡣ
Ҳ޷Թзһʱط˱ؾ֮·νûѡѡ
ΨһĳڣͨεأǶҪ봫߰ɣǰδ֪֮ء
˵꣬һվ˴УԯҲûκεԥ˵Ȼѡ׷
âӿ֣˳һȫµĴУʱ˷Χĳսͨʱһģһ
磬ǲǴͻˣֻصԭ㣿
ԯЦ
ǰҼǵǸսͨĵط㿴ʯϻ͹ۣһȭȥĺۼ
Ⱥܿ췢Χʯϵǳǳӡǡ
û˵ϸ̽ǽϵǳǳۼкЦϹ֮ħΪƭԼˣĶ˲˼
ܣ֮ǰڵĵطѾϸ̽ˣʯϵİʧˣİ۸֤һȫµĵط
˵˶ʱһ㶡
ô˵طȫµһطǣΪ֮ǰĵطһģһأѵһ㻹ģ
ɻ
һ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôģһȷʵǴδġˣСģֱӽĵ㡣
˵󣬴һ·ǰĵ㣬ĵ˷ִ⣬һҲû
̫ˣѵһȫԹ֪Ǻʱ뿪ط
Ƶ˵
磬⵽ʲôͨͨδ
ԯҲʮֵɻܸоһл޾һ㣬֪ʱǾͷ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ʲôһȣ̽һȻһ㡣
˿ʼ֣̽ʱѾȻʩչԤ֮ûãԹԺг֣ڣͷι״ĹۼڵĵϣȻ󣬻Թ֮һ󣬽ǿֲĻɫռ䡣
ɫռ֮⣬ƺӰ֣Щ˵ģͲɽ֮ˣлвٺڼ֮ˡ
ǣѾ֪Թһ㣬طۼͷǿĹϹ֮ħǿ֣ȻһܣǾԹ֮йϹ֮ħ
ܵô£˶봳һԹͷ½봫뿪ֱͨħ硣
ȻԹأȻͨħķʽ֮һѾһҲˡ
Ϊһ㣬ǽɣ
ϵ˵
˽һ󣬿̴ķŭռڲͬǰƺϢ
ɱȥ
ʵ
Ȼֻɱȥǲͨĵ㣬⣬ǽȥʱ׼ս
δ˵꣬ǰѾޱȵʯ벻ӿЩֹĵشԵӴ
аپʯŶЩΪ֧㣬ͬʱǰЩҲǰֻʯоȻʮֻԹʽֵġ
֮ǰԸĸʯѾķ˲ʱ˵ĲֻʯҲԲ׿ԶԸġ
ɰ
Ҳ̲ס˵һϲսǶԼʵ˵ʵͲôʯĶ֡
ֵǣЩʯֻǽ˵ķסδ̷Ȼʱڣ滹Ĺˮһӿ
滹ʯ񡣡
ԯеһʯ֮ȷʵߴʯĳս
ǵƾʵսҲΪԼһʤ㣬Լķ֮߹ٶʮޣοʮѲʯǿɾʮˡ
ͬʱֽһЩͷ飬ֲòȫԸ׼ս򣬵ȻǱɡ
ˣһϹ֮ħˣԣŻôǿʵ
˵вɸпԼ˵̫ˣȻϹ֮ħЩϹ֮ħǼǻ۵ģԲŻڴʱֶչ


1873 ħ
⺣ʯ벻֮⣬ǿϹ֮ħˣⳡʵսѾע˽֣ķӡ
ҲǸСӡϧ㻹Ҫ
֮ǰǸϹ֮ħЦ
ߣʲô걾߳ʱڱеϹ֮ħɰǧʱ㣬ҲֻһϹ֮ħ
ߵҲϵȥݵ¶ԷֻϹ֮ħš
˵Ҳ죬˵˵ʲô񣿡
һϹ֮ħЦΪڴţ
ųս˵
ȰȻ˵ÿԳûһʱ䣬Ҳз̵ĺð취
ս񣬱ħδ뵽İɣЦħˣǾǲ̫˵ˣ
Ϲ֮ħЦܿ죬ħҲЦ
ЩƣԼպЩϹ֮ħôûأѵǹװ֪
ȣһʶǲ֪սֻ˵ǵʱʮֵСªŶԡ
һڱȵ˲٣Ӳԣ˵Ķԡ̫ªˣԲŻ֪סˣúᵱ¡ǽɱˣעҲḶصĴۡ
ߣ˵󻰣Գ֣Щʯ벻ҲͲǶ֡ǻʲô¾˵˵
һϹ֮ħм˵
ȳĬˣʱ治֪ʲôȥƴʲôã˵϶Ҳҧѵʱ˴
ԯһӣѾʹ׼ǰĵܣԯʵȫ£ԻЩʯϵĺãҲԽ֮ѸٵĶ֮С
ʱȻỹ֮ǰַϾԷԼˣǲı䷽Ҳֻ·һ
ЩǳͷŵĻ棬ԱʽͷŻ棬ЩԻĺܲңЩʯ񣬵ǲֵ֪ܷҵĻ湥
аЦЦλǲҪ̫СˡִҪ뱾۶Կ۽λǲţò˶ãǾͻ֪ˡ
һϹ֮ħͬʱһЦȻĻ̫ˣû˱߼ʣ˻治ɱ˵ʵ
ǱħЦЦСӣЦ̫Цˡѵ׼ɱǣߣɱǰǿУ
һϹ֮ħԼ
Ƕ治ҪСһһʮֵĴ֪ƵģɱҵһȺĸʯ񶼱Թķʽɱˡ
֮ǰϹ֮ħȻžη֮ģϾ֮ǰŵˣǵƾһ֮治һڵһԹסĽ
ԣ˵ڶԹĵ㣬һϼƣǿʵսǱϹ֮ħֵ֡
ħĵҲԽԽС˰ɣƾһڵɵۣʲôõĵġҲô
һϹ֮ħ
죬֮ˡ˵󻰣
һϹ֮ħŭܿħһϹ֮ħ˵һӶûУŭĺ˼Ȼ㱣˳Ĭ
Ϲ֮ħ֮ƺìܣһǿ֮ĹϵҲֱ߽Է֮ơ
ȻȻûĿ˵ĹϵҡҡͷϹ֮ħ˼թôܻмơ
˫ۣŶӪвЩһһֻҪһܼĻ棬ĺܲҡ
ǣ
һЩѾʼжˡ
ಣ
ޱʹ屾壬Ӵ屾ڿ֮󣬶Ĳ׷׳ȴЩʯҲ˺
Ϲ֮ħȻʼһֻȴܽеģǵ̸屾£ǿֱĲ֮
Ĳﶼ¶־֮ɫдսаϲΨһĵıЩʯҲ֪ԼĻûа취ǡ

ס˶ˣȻ͵һڻʱĲǻ֮¿ʼȼĲҽУЩ׷׻ΪɫӣҲ޷¸
ܼĲĻ棬߹һĳȴҲСЩʯ񣬾ȻڻҲûбڡ
ಣ
Զʯ׷乭ǿֲʵɼֱϮˣԾ޴屾壬ֱӽɼסˡ
Щʯ񹭼ֵʵҲеɵ۵Ĺɼ˿ԯĹ
Ȼ״̬µķǿЩɼҲ͸ЩˣҪشȴʮֲʵ
ЩĵǰʯҲʼˣʮʯֹƾǾ˵ģͺñʮڸֹΪǿȴҲûŵȥֵôʯĹ
Щʯ񷢳˹Щʯ̫ˣ֮µˣûã㳷˻ȥ
ԶȻЩͣţֻǣЩѾҼԣΪȡһĻᣬֻҪԸЩʯ񼴿ɡ
ʯĵǿֻΪ̫Ÿʮֲֿĸоҳˣв֮ӲӲҵȡĻᡣ
Ϊս£һٶʯսʮּңΪ˵ķҲδʯ񣬶屾Ǳʯĵʵǿ̫࣬ԣ˵Ĵѣȴδ¶
˺ɱЩʯ񣬾ɱ֮ʯ񻹿ѸٸҲʯǿ츳ڣȻΪδʩչֶζѡ
ħʱҲûиղŵˣսУħ֪δؿЦֻܽȫʯԷһս
ɱ
͵ĺŻ棬ڻ£ЩʯķѸٵ½ûʩչɱɱ֮ѸٵĽʯ֮С
湥£ľͬʱѸ͵Ĺһץ˺һʯһʯҲѸٵ½
ǿƹ£ԯҲ˱ֵʱ̣ȵͷûԶĹȻΪԯԯĹ֣ʩչЩյʯÿһɷϵһʯ񣬶֮֮̽С
ʯһսּת£ԽսԽͣЩʯֻܿʣԼĪһ벻
ͻȻ֮䣬ЩʯͬʱˣȻѾʼ׼ܣʱԶҲƬĲ
ʩչ湥˲أЩʯҲûӳԶ˴Ӻɱȥʯٶȸˡ
ȵɱĵ㸽ʱӻȥʯֻʣʮߣǹʯѾȫ
ĵ㸽ʮʯվһŷǿʯ֮Уͷ״ΪĹĶˡ
һֻɫľ޵ӴޱȣԱ̾һֻɫĲžͷߣŸ޴Դ߸ߵǿֲԯֻͷƤ顣
ұߵһֻδĹ򼣬𣬿ͬҹ졣
˵϶һɫĹâţܿ³˸˴󣬷ֻɱˡ
һ̽Ϲ֮ħħʶҲʹڵڣǵʵȻ̫ҪԸϹ֮ħѶǲС
ƺмľͷΪףΧΪ屾ʱϹ֮ħ¶η񣬷׷׳źǾͷߣŸԴѾȥҲЩ벻ͨʧȥȫս⡣
ʵ屾ʵҲδػκһǣΪǿֱöϹ֮ħʧȥ˾󲿷ֵս⣬ˣνռȻ
ɫ壬ôή棬ⲻӦĵط֮Ľ棬ڴ˵ء
ͷЩη˵ﻹ˿Ŀ⡣
ɳѵܵǱڴ˵Ϲ֮ħɣЦֻʣ¸Ȼǿħ֮壬ΣǲɱɣǾڴ˾һս˭ܻʤ
˵ʱŭǿŵˣвô£ȴܵҪһսҲʵ
磬ȻųϹ֮ħʵ̫Сˡ
ЦȻǼηηӣԲ˵
ιǲҪɱھͳȻȻôͣأ
ԯ˵Щ벻֮ǰĲǰͣǿȴǵС
΢΢ˣ仯α壬ͷϵѹһͬʱֳǿƣǾͷߵľŸԴȥ쳣ǿ
ԯɲɵͬʱˣк֪ܿԭڣ屾żĹϵ
Ϲ֮ħ־߱һĴˣȲģ޲̾ɱˡ

ʵ
мľͷŭǴҵϢ֮أвҵȣ֪˭
ӲˣڸһѡǾͶۣ򣬱۾ɱǣó
ٺЦбɱǣһ뵽һʵոϹ֮ħΪ£ǵһ顣
̫Ϊˣǿ壬ǣڲ߱ǿʵûʵˣʸҵҪΪӵ֮ɱҵȣǲܵġ֮䣬ĵĴͨûɱǣǾѾͳȥˡطֲͬʱסطԣǽڲ֮ء
ͷ߹ֵЦѾ볹ΪУҲҪ취ȡȥȨ
ô֪˭Դ󣡱ǰ֮ǰѾռĴǸ֪⴫󣬲𻵵İɣѾױڴ˵أۻеķԸǣѵǻлĻ𣿡
ˣԯⲻſڿô
Ϲ֮ħͬʱһ˵ѾƻĴ˽ֻʣһݵ㣬ﻹڲ֮أο屾Կ˵ĸ֮壬޷ӳӦʵ£δܶԷ屾壿
ħţһƭǵġ
һħ˵˫ֱ۲ϵϸ΢


1874 
ԣͬûƵģƤûвһ£ȻˣһĨŹֵЦ⡣
ħҲţô
һϹ֮ħ˻˵˶ʱһۣԴӶԷп˾֮ɫ
۴ħ϶ʶǻۣʱﻹỳһ㣬ǣĻпܻġ
ÿһӦеȨ磬һȥһռԣܷ͹ȥİɣ˻ţԲûġ
Ц˵ʮֵĳϿңħлûġ
ȻҪôһ׼һ˷ɢֻ±ļı
ͷа룬ܿҡͷôǵĿĵʲôѵǹǰ˵ɱҵȵ𣿡
Ȼǣǰħ磬ɽȴͨǱˡǵĿĻûиı䣬Ǿǿǰħ硣
񶨵
ţܺãȻǲרҵϹ֮ħģôҲרŵɱ¾ȡΪͻȻ֣ǲչġ˵һжᡣȻҪĿ꣬磬סǿͨħ磬ó·߸ģ෸Σ
ͷ˷ܵʱ뻯ɸΪ񲯡
δشֻԯͬʱͷȻȽ
Ϲ֮ħҲͬʱͷһΪɳɣûͬ⣬Ҳֻ۰Ͱ͵
˼ҲӦҲһ飬Ϊ취Ǵ߳ȥԺǽл壬Ҳ֮Գδĳɾͣȡ
΢Ц˵ȶҲаϹ֮ħˣƻˡ
ȶ˽⣬ȻҪʲôֶΣһĿ꣬Ϲ֮ħǻۣȻĶ֡
ոǿϹ֮ħô̫ˡϹ֮ħȷʵǿ󣬿ǣҲԭģһ츳壬ҲǵڵǿߣϹŵݣôһĵڵħǿ̫ࡣԣǵСֻǸϹ֮ħԵС
ԯаǺ۹뵨ǣϹ֮ħҪѶȿ൱Ĵ
ħԲ
һħ̬
ħҲһħҲ̫ˡ
һħҲ˵
ͷȴգգ۾в֪Щʲôħڴ˵ر̫ʱ䣬û˴룬ˣ˾߱壬ҲʮѶȡңĿǰ״̬ƺԶҲ벻˵ء
˶뿪˵أֻǣȴ̫ˣŵ˶ԥĴӦ
Ƕ˶ӦħҲӦĽ黹ֻϧ̫̣ǻҲӦ顣磬ĸİɣǰ飬ġ
ͷ߻˵ǲ׵ĴӦ
һħ۱սթϹ֮ħǵĹǾѰ·ҲҽǾȳȥ̷ˣͱӣҵǿ޶޲ԣ⣬ǾԲܵġ
Ц˵ʧǼ˵ǲôõĽҲǼȻﲻϵĻʹ£Ϊʹһֳͷʹࡣ
һ仰˵ĺãе˻ţѾˡеˣšɱǰһˣһֻ˵ӡУһӦҵôһὫǴĵط½ħ磬ǵʵħ۳ưԡοֻҪҲ¡ڳ֮ǵĵ·Ϊϵǿһﵽľ硣Ǿ˵ûе
ԼΪȻ˵˶ĽζȥңδͻȻֺ뿪ĸо
̫ǿˣԶ£ЩһѾˡ
ȵ¶Ц⣬òĿڲš
һ£һ
ͷ߶ˣܵͬʱҲ֪ҲˣϾ˭ҲһطõĴȥµǣط޷Ϊʹԭڡ
ͷŶ˳ȥ͸ʱ˼鲻һʱԽļԽǳԲȶ
Ǿͷ˽ʱȴ˵飬пܻܡħмɻҪȽһ㣬ôǴط
ԣʵôҪңΪʲô뿪ط
ͷ߱ʵһ㶣룬ȻƵ˵ǱһǿϹ֮ħץ˵صģǵɱ󣬽ǵħ֮شȻԷӡַ֮˵ֻڴΧƶҲ뿪Ҫĵطǣ㱻ȫ
˵ĺܶ飬Ƕ֤ʵˣȷġǣһ棬ǽڵʲôԭû˵Ҳûʡ
ŶҲðΣɣ
ʵ
ǰԸĲ֮ǣǻ˲ʧӰ٣Ǳʧȥϵ


1875 ͷ
ͷߵͷ˵
˼һЩΣǸǿϹ֮ħµĺܶأǶ飬Ψһ㣬޷顣ֻȱŲ뿪˵ءǸǿϹ֮ħγ֪һ㣬Խǡ
ڿճǼƣ˼򵥶ѡǾԴӳȥֻǲҶѣȻһֱһ󰡣
аЦȻŵĵͷһΪзǳȥңǾԲ𡣵Ȼ޷֤ҲãҲգȡ벻뿪ط
У㲻֤ǾͲðա
ͷ̼˵
֪ԭɣҲܸ֪ǣ̾ӳȥˣﻹԼΪ
Ƿڵı壬Ȼ֮뱾۵ķ֮Уһǿɵӳ˵أԲˡ
˵󣬼˷죬ǿķʱǰһһ˵ͷİ취
̫ˣǿɣ
ΪѾˣļ˵Ψ˸ı⡣
΢΢ЦЦ֪ԶԶûô򵥣ЩϹ֮ħֻ򣬲δʽ
ħ໥֮ţʱЦżɽѾ׼ħսһû㹻ʵǣǺķڷ
ô֪ǵ뷨
һħ𾪵ʵ
̫СˣӵǿǻۣôܻأѾ³ǵ뷨ˡôһսԱ⡣ֶԸˣ˫սһۣӮˣǱӦˣǾͻɱǡǾÿԽ𣿡
ͷ߶˵еЩ飬ǣҪ˶ܽܣǶԷóǿʵ
ˣҲЩûеף֪˵ʵжôǿԼһսܣðķսغҲ˵һսҪӮ
ԯͬʱ˼֮Уķ̫󣬵ȻҪӳ顣
ǲԸ⣬һѡǾǣÿ·Ǵﴫͳȥ
ͷЦ˵ȴ֪вͨΪԷĴ˱ͳȥʱħҲͳȥ
һʱ䣬һ
˵Ȼ˳ĵ㡣
磬ɣʲôľҶġ
ԯ̬
磬ҲΪ㡣ֱӾɣģǾȥǴսһ
Ц˵
ͷл治ȷħĹʲôʵ֮ǵĵʵκһʯ
ߣǴǣ
˳֮У£ֻԤ֮̽δˣԺиħĻ档
˵ǲȻûΣգǵȻҪ֮һսϹ֮ħҲ൱ǿ֡
а¶˾
ĵ㣬Ȼ֪ǵʵǳǣǻǾս顣
Ŷ˹ͬ𣿡
ͷ߲ɫʵ
ǣ
ԯͬʱĵͷϵʮֵĿ϶
ãӮˡԸΪȻ뿪ط
ͷ߿Цʮֵļͬˣͬʱ¶Ц⡣
ô
㶡
ġֻ֤ǵǱϾϹ֮ħΪ൱ʵȴӦԶԶĳǡѡһսĿԺܴ󡣶ǼȻѡҲ֮ˣȻõѡ񡣡
ͷߴ˵ҲˣˣҲ͵˵ľˡ
ܺãǣҲܽǵĺ⡣ʲôĽǶսһ׼𣿡
ؾ˵飬ҲǰԳԾĳ϶ԣԷΪʵھ߱緶
ȣǲҪٵսʿǻʵȥȡɣɽ֮ħһսɣ
ۺƴǣ˵սҲѸٵı
ãϹ֮ħҲŧҲȫӭս
ͷҲĺһΪϹ֮ħҫս
ԸߵϹ֮ħ
ȿʼҵ˶֣ԯʣµĶħ۲һܿѡ񣬡ҶԸұߵмľͷ߾ˡ
ã
ͷͷ֮ףʵǿģȻԼԸѵѡ
ֱӣȭͷһ䣬ѾǸ޵ս޵ԶԶ֮ǰʯֹܿսһš
ԯϹ֮ħԯйһηɼѾϹ֮ħ
ĺã
Ϲ֮ħ˷ܵĺ˫һ𣬾Ȼ㿪ԯķɼ
ԯһݣйηɼ˷ĹϹ֮ħ
δֻ֣Ŷ˵սǾͷҲ֣дصЦ⡣
Ƭ֮ԯչǿ츳ǶϹ֮ħսľʼңϾһһսԯԣѹȺսʯʱ
Ǻñ£츳һսǶмʤ㡣
ͷ޵ۿ˵սǴһ
ͷߣĶѲǿߣǻʤϣ󣬵Ȼһнпܡ
ҲЦ˵Ӣϧĸо
㲻ʹ֮ս
ͷЦ
ʹ֮壬սⶼûУǾӮʲô˼
΢ЦʱֲսûҪʹ屾塣
ãҾʹʹ屾塣
ͷ߳һͷ͵׼޿΢ţһɫĹâֱŶȥ
днһѾγһȦâ˽֮⡣
ּٵĶҿҪעˡ
аŶԷľŸͷʱ׼ֵܡ
ͷ߲ż̽ԵԵͷǹʵǿԵֵס
ߺߣ
ͷߵľŸͷͬʱһΣٶͻȻӣֱ˶޿ɶ㡣
еɽֽâסӲ
¡һǾͷߵ͵һ򱻻ʮ֮⡣
һ̽£ʾ˫Ĳ಻󣬾ͷռƣȻҲǾͷʵĽ
ûɵΪͷ߷ȫʵʹѪӳϢһϵ
ͷǿɵڶλȴֻĻζһ£þͷ߱һ
ҵĶʵôвأѵĻҪǿܶࣿ
ͷΪʹ屾壬ԼɵɱԼ̫ԴˣʹһʵǶ޿κΡ
ͷʵʱҲٴʵҲǱңһֱӵֵ
ǿ󣬿ǣαȻҵĶ֡
ͷŵЦȻʵޣŵâֱϮʱ͵ŭһȻ̽ԷĹ
䣡
һĺֻһʹȻ㱻ʮ֮⡣
ľͷߣҵвرĴ󡣡
а̾˲ɻԭأղһֱڽڸֵˡ
䣬еĽ͵ĻŵȻ󣬽Ȼڿʧһ㣬ȵͷ߸ܵʱŵѾߡ
ãȻεĽ
ͷߵľŸͷͬʱνǣνٶȺܿ죬ͷֻסа˵νһնһͷϡ
һ֮£ͷʱѿһ˵ĿӣѪֱŶܿ죬ͷֹסǸͷϵƣȴѾСʵʱڸĹʵ
ԭԶԶңҾͿ׼նͷ
аԷľͷǿǾһսлٵȻħ塣
ͷ߻ǵ͹ĽΪķʯҲǿ˶٣ԣþͷҲܵǿ
Ĺǿ󣬿ǣƾα壬ȻҵĶ֡
ͷвŭϲΪʵԽǿԼԽΪ
ô
˵ſԴܾͷߡ
Ϳˡ
ͷߺٺһЦŸԴͬʱҡÿһͷж߶˹ϵ︴ޣ̾
ϾϹ֮ħΪޣĸħȴСƣʱû˿ԥһҪڶԷǰѹԵĹ
ҪǾͷߵһԴͻȻڻɫĻ棬ʮǿ󣬵ǱĻȻʲô
ҿмҡ
аЦӭŻȥǾͷİ˸ͷ߶ŹϵΪƾס
âһĽֱϮǿͷʱͷߵҵİڶţβ͵ĳ
꣡
˻潣һǿͷնϣȻֱӵֵԷβĹ
ͷ߱նϵͷڵأ߾ѪֱðβٵĲϵ֮⣬ԷβǿйԭʼĲַ
޴βʮֵֱӽŲסٶ֮죬Ҳһ׼ɽնβʱȴֱҲסˡ
ߣƾַҲסңⲻܡ
ٵС壬Ȼ͵Ĵβķ϶֮гֱٶн壬ǣɵİ˾ͷߵĲơ
նͷߵľβʱͻȻǸնϵͷһʺɫҺ壬Һ˷
û뵽նͷ߾ᷢǱɫâǻ΢һ㣬մȾѪ
ͣ
ǼѪȻٶȸʴսףˣ۴մȾ˼ʺ۵㣬ԷҲѾˡ
ѪʲôЧ
аȵͷʱԼٶȾȻһֹرѪϮУٶȻѸٵļ
㽫Ҫˡ
ͷ˵꣬һͷ͵һٽӭȥǽȴǿĿ£ֱӽɳȥ


1876 ֮
ʵȻǿҵǿֻ»ᱻһɱ
ؿڴһ˿ڣȻ۵ķ
ͷһͷԽӭɻǱɳȥԼĽǾͷߵ˺ȴʮֵޡ
ͬһͷһ㣬ͷһͷԼٶȣİ˸ͷɱǿʧȥٶȵ£Լ޷ȥԷƾǿĹԼ
ʱԯҲ˿ս֮УԭǿϹ֮ħսƽ֮ƣЩϹ֮ħ׷ʩչǿ˵Ҳò˶١
ѵܣ
ѹһ˶ЩϹ֮ħԼкʸǵˣ
ͷռ˼ƣҪ״ȴǼ֮£Ϊʵ̫ǿˣϵƵĻָٶȸþͷĿࡣ
εıɣεķɻսͷߵҲʱƵģҲЩˣϾһս¹Ϲ֮ħαµǾ̫ûˡ
ʱ˷죬ڷ֮еĲٹﻹûܽһԼ֮У̱ᱻһȺʯֹԣʱ֮ء
ƴˣҲҪ֮ɱ
а͵Ķ˷֮УЩʯûʱѾʹ屾壬Ȼٻָα壬һѾѪĸ״̬
ȵٴγʱִﵽǿ״̬þͷҲɿһԣԷٶѾָˡ
ԯľԽԽң˴̳ǿҲǴĳҧ𣬼ռƣȴԼսĶϹ֮ħڷޣȻ޷̴ܶˡ
ʹͻȻΪʹᣬͷҲ޷̽Լľλá
һ͵ϮĻᣬǾͷѰͬʱѾĽӽûذ˳
ɽذΪǿʹü޼᲻ݣˣлնɱͷߡ
ͷߵİ˿ͷһħʶΧ̽飬ȴ޷֪λãвɰԷȻǿֶΡ
ಣ
ֱʹ˲ֱ֮ǾͷߣеذѾնһͷͷڷκ󣬰˿ͷͬʱܼĽ
ˣƴ˵Ļնһͷ򱻾ͷնɳȥ
ͷܵ˴ƣ޷֮⣬ˣʱ޸ƣֻҪ˵̫أǿϵƤˡ
ʼʩٴն¾ͷߵһͷͷʮֵΣĿŶԷ
ͷҡҡͷͶ֮ʱȴѾչֳ屾壬屾һͷߵļԴͬʱ˻ȥеս⼸˲ʧӰ١
ܵĿ־þͷ߸޷սΧĶϹ֮ħҲܵ˽ɫǿвһܵ˾޴Ӱ죬ԯҲõնɱϹ֮ħǧ
δͷѾʱԯȼͬʱϹ֮ħնɱȻֻնɱ˶ħҪѡ
ֶѾʤʱűα壬еԼΥʲô涨Ͼ屾ƱѹϹ֮ħԼδ屾巢
΢΢һЦеذѾǾͷߵһԴͷŭһ޴Ȼ¡أʧȥħ֧֮ţǾͷߵͬɱһ㡣
ˣķڷαսȥҵȫͷᱻһһնɱˣֱնɱĸоʵ̫ʹˣԼΪá
ͷ߿Ц
Ϲ֮ħҲʧȥԭи壬ͬʱĽ£Ȼ㿪ʼѪ
ҲܿϹ֮ħʽˣϹ֮ħѾΪˣһ䣬ϹħҲ
ǾӮˣ
ȿЦ֪仯屾ǿԼԯδܴܸԵϹ֮ħ
Ӯˡ
ͷķڷ˵ħʼٻԹеĸֿܣЩܺܿ㵹ڵϣеħ֮׷׻ۡ
Ҳ֮еʯ񶼶˳һħܿͽˣҲԼɽħ˷֮С
ѾΪҲ޷֮֮еģѾվڴУ׼Թ֮дͶ
Ϲ֮ħп־壬Ψִ֮𣬶ȴʮ㣬˱ƭ̫ˣ㴫֮Ҳ
źâӿѾͳȥúһɫĴУ⴫Ѿλ֮ͨ⣬֮ͨǻɫռ֮ء
վڴУ۲һ󣬺ܿ㷢ǰԼɼ½صıԵطħɡ
ǻû̫ˡˣɣǸм
ͷ߼˵
ǰѲк󸣡ͷѡȷģˣĶ飬
ҲЦ˵
֮ˣһΪǿĴڣǿˣǵ¡Ҳ֮ǿԻָԭеǿʵ
ʯҲ̾
ޱȣĸм֮ǷģҲȻⲻǫ鼸䣬Ϊõǿ˶˷ܲѡ
ɢЩɫ
˵ɽ·ܿնһͨ˽òƬ̣ڵִһƬɫ֮ϣħ֮ء
ħı߽ʯȷħ磬ħĵͼҲǺֻԺЩƬεļ䡣
ͣʯ֮ԣڶȡʯϵֺֻ֪ħļ֮أħ絽жֵģ治
λǿ֪ħ
ʵ֮ǰΪͣĿǣϾϹ֮ħħһ൱Ϥ
ˣǶħʵ̫˽ˣô꣬˽ħҲ˾޴ĸı䡣ãھ͸ǽħʶ
ͷߺܿ콫ħ˽ڣ˺üʱ֮ħҲһ֪ˡ
ԭħɽҪС˺üħҲ൱ڱɽСħľпᣬ˵ǲ̡
ħ֮ˣ󲿷ֶǿħ̫ӷƣҲûǿı壬ֻǣħ֮ȴȻʮǿΪԶ硣
ܶǰħ磬ɽ粻ò֣ű˱ħռˡֻҪħǿˣͻ뾡һа취ţһεħ֣ħʵǿ޹ϵ
ħûйѤķҲûǸָı壬ȻħȴȻ˲űΪħ׷󼸺ﵽһļ£ҲΪˣħ֮˵ٶȼ죬ԶԶҪˡ
ħ磬Ҫôڻս֮УҪôᱻһͳΪħʵڲŷǿΪħ׵γɴһͳһһͳп档
Ѿ˵ħѾ˴һͳҲ֪ħˣһԼ֣ħЩǿߺ֪ܿ
ǲɵ۵ݳڴ˵أǽ仯ħ˵ģʩչħԱõݡ
Ը
ԯܿ仯ħ˵ģȻ¶Ϊǿ󣬽ֻнɳڵΪ
Ҳҡһ䣬һħˣϹ֮ħʧȥ壬ϣܰҵ츳ǿ壬һҵǱԶᣬȵ츳ǿ壬Ϲ֮ħҲò˶ñɳ
ͷߣ֪ħʲô򣿡
ʵ
ˣħ磬ɽڣ߽ħ缫֮
ͷ߻ش
֪ħηɽ磬Լ˾ɽ˱ɽΣȻУֱڡ
ħ߾Ѱһҵ֮ǰֵħѶϢȻǽǵԮħϡ

ãɱЩħӡ
ȹЦ
Ϲ֮ħŭЦÿһᣬҲл»壬ʵɱԹ֮ҪǿĶࡣ
壬ʺʩչħ˶ǿѾˣɾͷߴͷ֧ļƻ
ħı߽̽飬ɽ粻ͬǣħı߽֮Ҳħ˵Ĵڣûã˱һħˡ
ħһʯ֮䣬߽ħȻţֱʯ֮ǸħѾ˲ƶһֻɺĺ󱳡
һΪɵĶ㿪͵Ϯħ㶣û뵽͵Ϯʧܡ
ಣ
ħ˳ԶɶݣһˣӵʮѸ١
뿪ȴǸû׷ԯҲôСħȤҲЦǸһȥ
ˣħľΪпᣬһʵΪڳֵΪֻħÿһξ붼ħ˵Ĺ
ͷѵ
ŶȻˡЩСħģ
ɺʵ
ħڶ࣬Сħ˾ɵıӻȴҲֻǶݵʱ̣ò˶ñᱻɳȥμʷǳ֮ߡȻЩСħҲضĵ̣һ֣սСħ˽ᱻɱ֮ħսԶԶɽײУֻϡƽ顣ҲΪˣħĸֲŻܶࡣÿһħ۵Ϊǽħ˵Ѫʬϵģħ״
ͷ߽͵ȴû˿֮ͬɫʮֿ϶ħֲп᷽ʽַʽ
ţ֪ˣһչֳۼΪɣ鷳̫ˡ
Ϊչֵħ۳ڣƵħۣԼҲǵħ֮壬ٻЩջ
ͺñħ㣬ЩС㵱ȻûҪץЩ㣬ϹȻὫ֮ˡ
磬ǶչʲôΪأ
˾ͷߵĻæʵ
ۼΪɣĵͼħҲ٣Щͼħ˽֡Ҫɱ¾ҪմѪȣҲҪȥɱЩǿߣ̫ˡ
Ц˵
˵ͷ׷׽Ϊħ۳ڣǣħ۽Уһûħ˸鷳
֮ǰ͵ϮʧܵħˣѾʮԶǵ޷̽鵽Ϊʱֻһֱţ֪ɵͨ
͵Ϯ֮Ҳ˵ͬ飬ҪͬնɱΪ鱨ԣ۴Ҽ屻ɱ


1877 Խ֪
˼ǰУѰħͨĺۼһط̽鵽ħۻĺۼ
һʯ֮һɽɽ֮ɽܲЩɽ֮лħͣϢʯ֮⣬һͨħֱͨɽ硣
֮ͨУмħפţ˵ִ󲻾ãɽ֮ͻȻðɫӰЩ˵ģȻǽ˵Ϊǿ
ಣ
һƿǼӰֱӽΧס֮ͨħҲԼٶȸ
Ǻˣţš
һħΪ˵ƳһۣȻգŵģʵնͷ­ĳ嶯
ͷߣЩһ壬ǿв
ʶ
ˣЩһΪ̫ˣǶˣǵʵҲ󽵡ҵڵħۣǵǿֱӶᣬ֮ǵʵȶ֮˵ʵǿ󡣵ʱǲŷΪ˰¡
ͷ߻ش
ţȻһǵҪ󣬵Ƕ֮ȷʵҪǰæ
ŵпϹ֮ħһȡ˺ʵ壬ʵȻǿޱȣԼα塣
˷ģֻҪҵǡ
ͷ߹˵ĵοѾΪȻΪЧ
ιư𣿡
Щͷĺȵ
˭ɣ
ȼû˵û˷С
ߣûʶļһɱ
ֱ
ȥɣ
һۼڵħЦֱӼħնȣƾԼħڵΪɵʤԷ
һѾܿ˶ԷһΪδ˵ȵɱ˶Է˭֪ʲôأ
һȺɱһ
ˣǿҲۼڣǸ˻ʮֵţжɱ⣬Щ˶ɽĲߣɱ֮Σ
ǣ
˷ܵӦŵһȭħۣħ۱ܣȴһȭʱ˶Է֮
һȭȿû飬ڶ˵ΪĿɲһ㣬ԣ˵Դһȭˣ廹δʱѾץħ֮塣
ɱ
ԯһȣɽ˲ɱħۡ
췢
Ϊ׵ħ۱߽бˡ
ᷢ
˵ԯûֱɱ
Ƭ̲Ѿ峡ˣջ˼ħ֮壬Ƿ;֮Ϊ׵ħȴ˻ڡ
ǵʲôˣ
Ϊ׵ħʩչħȴûаսʤԷˣ˿ֻеۼڣǵʵȴɱۼڵħۣˣΪ׵ħЩηˣڼûвսûܡ
ͱ졣
Ц̱ͣеȻǲġ
Լĵϸһ£У󣬻ʲôԮϵ
̵˵
ԥһ˲䣬Ǳ㿪ʼش⣬ɻ˵һ룬ȴˣѣɱ
۾ûѡ
˾ֵĽеһȭ
վԭأ㶼Ҫ㣬ħȴоȭͷϴҵʹô벻ȭͷȻѪˡ
ȥ
ѾһȭǸħۣǸۼڵԴҲˣһħ۱ŵĹڵء
ش𱾵۵⣬ѣֻ·һ
Ц˵
ǰʵ棬ɷһ·
˿ʼ
ԣ
ͷӦҪֻһۼڵɵۣħ֮壬Ҳûж
شӻ֣Ǹħ۷ٵˣȻȴѾͷһֻѪ䡣
磬ֱͨͨɽ磬磬ǽˣɶϾħֵ·
ȶͨ˵
ɽ磬磬ħ磬Ƕԣʵ޶Ĳ𡣵Ȼǿܸɽ硣Ѿͨˣ˲ƿصġɽɽľʣħħֶΣķʽžϵҲΪǿ
ɽԶħ磬ҲԶħ磬ǣɽȴħ硣磬ͬҲħĽħ֮ǿǿɡҸоǻͨҲֻӻħĽɽʱ䣬ħ绹ǻɽ硣
ǣܽħȫˣħǿ˿ɵҲͨҲ̼ɽ磬ɽҲһ㾯֮ġ
ˣħɽ綼ߵ磬ҾıԼĿҵ֪
һ˵˻ö˶㶣Ϲ֮ħҲ˼С
ԣǣ֮ͬΪߣʵӦֱ˴ˡļ⣬ҵʵѡ
ͷ߼˵Ϊ۹ߣħ˲ࡣ
ȻˣǾͨǣֱɽ磬һԪô죿
ȵǵ
ǰԭֹħĵڶԮΪɽһʱĺƽԺҲܲˡ
˵Ȼǰǲ֮⣬ħĵڶԮҲһս


1878 ˲
Ȳȫ뷨ǼҪ赲ħĵڶԮʱǽζս٣⵱Ȼȵˡ
ˣлĺ⡣Ҳµˣ֮ǵԮһΪ˷Ƕᡣ
ͷ߸м˵Ѿ³ͼоʮֵǣЩ𣬼ȴ壬ʱִаҲ˵аǣ۽ȴͣѾԽ֮ˡˣΪ֣ʵ̫ˡ
ȻΪˣͷлǷǳģҲֻˣŻľԶԼҲȥ
ţΪһУӦģǲҪΪرмǵĵڶԮûᵽǾš
Цƶħ绹ûõһħ۵ϢڶɳٴȫûʱħӦʵ𣬼֮䲻ڼɽ硣
˾֮ͨħֱ߽磬̽Ӷûɳ˵֧ħǿʵ
ʮħ۳֮ͨʱԶԶĿԿˣ֮ǰŹˣʮ˵ĶΧʱڴԮΪ֮ˡ
ˣвĸ֣ǶѾҵҪ壬ǣǱһһĲлᣬʮգҪΪعء
ͷ߽
ţôħۣʱһᣬΪǻ
ش
ˣ̫ðˣԵһһָһĻУ֮һǰᣬʧܣ֮е˻ԣһȶһᣬ֮ٶȡڶζᡣ
ͷ߽͵⵹ЩΪˣĵڸ֣ô򵥿ԴܵģҪ˴һһĻᣬʵڲ򵥡
ðɣҾҲҪָ̫һӦ䡣
˼ζԸħڶԮ
ʮħۣ಻٣Ҳﵽ˵ۼڵΪȻӵΪˣ˶̸ǿԺԵġ
ʮۼڵħۣЩˣֻǱɱĶ󡣡
ȻڵħҲжʮˣЩ˵Ҳýжʮڵĸ֣Ǹ⡣
ʮޱȰֱǰУЩ˸û˷Уһֱӽʱʮ˵Ķͬʱͣ£һԿ˵ˡ
ɱħˣ
һָЦ
ħʥˣˣԵɱ͵Ϯµˡ
ǸŻȥħƨƨߵܹϹϾĻػһĨԹĹâȻΪǿԮ˱ɡ
ܣܣ
Ϊ֮Цһ֣֮˶ʱǸ֮ˡ
ħʥˣС֪ˡ
ǵۼħ۱ŵĻ̱ڵϣħʥɳȴޱ飬ԥһնͷħ֮Ҳûѱץסˡ
ŶԷֶΣеʲôֲģϾ˿ɲǳé®ˣˣԷС
˿˰ɣǱħ³ǵɱħħۣҲֻ·һ
ħʥٺЦһҲû˷
ĿıħĵڶԮ룬ǾȽΪСħ۽ǿħۣȻҵʵĶ塣
һССħʥѣΪͿŵǹģˣĺסǵħҲη塣
˵ԣһ˵ˣöħʥҲһ㶣û뵽ԷȻԼݳССħڣҪ֪ħ磬ħʥħеٮٮߣҲ˵ǽħǿڡ
ˣħʥ塣ǣҪ˰æֻҪܵĺܲʱҲлȡ塣
ͷʶ
ţһΪᴴˣأ˭ҶᾡǴ
Ӧ
ʮħۣųɽҪţʱۼڵħ۵סȥ·ңǻδħʥʮͬʱΪ֮𾪡
ħ磬ħΪ󣬿ʵϣԷȫƲħʥħԿħʥĿЦҲЦЦԷ˵Ĳ֪ЦԷ˵ļ֪
ħۣȻ·ϣħʥãܣޱߵʹ
ħʥ˵ƾ˵ø߸ϵħʥŭ
΢΢һЦԯգգۣ̻⣬ЦССħʥ˵֮ԳĿıȫƾŵĻˡ
ǣһħʥʲôҲҿڳԣǶħ̫ˣѵΪû˿ɱ𣿡
ԯӲͬûнǿħ۷
Ǻǣ˵ĺãЩһ˶ڣŻĿһСҪһһһҵĶ֡
ﲻݡ
һħ˿˿ħۣħ磬ô˲֪ļһأ
ħ۷׷׳ԺսǸħʥȴǳĬţ΢΢һ֣ħ۶ʱ
޿֣Ρ


1879 Ī
ħʥаٴϸĴˣȻԼٶ̽˵Ϊһ̽Уħʥ֪˶ԷΪοԭڡ
ڵħۣһۼڵħۣѵƾ˾ΪԶԸʮħѵǻԮ
뵽ħʥʱаȻһ֣ѸɢȻʼѰΧκοɼ
Ӻħʥ²κη֣ǣħʥɳʮ˽ͨûҵԮ
ˣһǸǰƾʲôԷħʥأѵƾһɷ辢𣿡
ħʥΪѾȫƿ˾ƣʱ˺ú档
ñǷǣ֮˵뱾һһսû˳սȫǷеķ
ʮֲм˵׼лɱСģ˳㼤ŭԷ죬һһĻᣬȰϹ֮ħɶᡣ
һ԰ɶᣬƾ˵ʵҪԸЩˣɾûʲôѶˡ
ħʥ˺ܾãԼ̽鲻󣬶ԷȷʵֻһۼڵħۣΪڳ֮ġ
ΪҲҽһһսˣѵߵĶһҲˣ
ħʥа˼⣬ʱԼһħǷ׷ױŭˣһͬʱҪս
ţǰһеĻɾû˸һսּį
Ц˵ʹܿ㽫ħȫŭˣһɱ
ܲˣһȻǱħʥͳȫ
ħʥ£ָһˣ㣬ȥħ֮塣겻񣬾ͲûŻˡ
ħʥ֮һ񣡡
˹Ȼ󼱲͵ĳ˳ȻʮֲмĶôĥԷ
Ӧս
ֵĺܾȣһȺħ۷׷׷ĴЦ
ԯҲͬʱЦó˵սλãôⲻǴս֮ǰĳڱһЦ
Сӣʤɱ
ʤȵħδ˫ֻǰûС
ٺ٣ħ㲻ǱħĶ֡
Ц˸ֿ֣ħɣǿҲ͸ҳħħԳħأ
ð֣Ҳȡֽħս񡣡
ȹЦڸЦԼʲôѹ
ħħսأҾͽдħɣ
ԯҲЦҸԼ˸֣ȴʮð˶ʮħۡ
ЩһֱΨ²ҡ
ħʥЦҡҡͷкֲԤУѵͶԷԼһʮħۣ
ܣвҲɽ֮ħĵϣôܻΣأ
ħʥа˼ţȻЦЦʼע˵ս
ۼڵħۣʵȫģһǾռƻУȸԷһ
֪Сӣзϰɣ
ʤħûʹֱʹ˲֮׼ȷϵԷһֱۣȻĥ
ԵЩãȻԷ˲ƺȴڶƺҪҵʤλá
һͷȫ֪ôġϣôħǸе⡣
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ܣҵۼڣҲ̽鲻˲ƹ켣
ħʥд󾪣ڳĲǿ߷׷׵ɴ۾
أǸʤأȥ
ɻʵݼЩ֪Էȥԯˡ
˵Ķôʧˣ
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ǰ˲֮󣬾Ե޹ʵʧˣ֪ʲô顣
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Ҿ˵ɣǶһȺСû˵һһսⲻղǸʤأ㵽ĸȥˣ
̾˿Ȼ˵һħ治֪⵽ô¡
ʧˣô
ħʥ˵ޱ𾪣ĶǣԷҲԵһƬãȻƺͲ֪ȥ
˹飬ôħ۵淢ħҲͷԣΪûжԲֽš
ߣħ۽ֻ֪еۼڵΪôܽۼڵħŪʧأȫǲܵ
ʧˣӦӮ˰ɣ
Ц˵ֵĵħͬʱץ
ħʥаˣȥս
ħʥٴָһ
ħͬӵеڵΪʱҪսп͵һϾղŷ̫ˣҲ־֮⡣
ǣֲܿֻӲͷƤսվǰʱ˫ҲЩɫ糣ϴŵЦ⡣
ħһ仰û˵׼ֱɱʱħʥʩչ˲ɱʥҪ˭ֽš
ҪҲʧˣǿô죿
ħ۱ŵĻͲô벻ħʥ
ҾԲԵ޹ʵʧ
ħȻʩչ˲֮
ֶûжһ£ħ۾Զʧˣ֮ͬǰħһ㣬ʧӰ١
⵽ô£ǲɱΪʲôӵĲټ
һĺʵһħλش
Щħ⣬Ϲ֮ħҲ벻ЩȥԯһۣԴӶԷп֮ɫ
͵һţȻʹַǱ¶ĵЦ⡣
뵽ԭ򣬿ħʥûҵԭ˶ЩͿˣ£ȴһԡ
ʮķ㣬ս
ħʥָ˵ħۣħۼǰħ۶ʧˣʱﻹҳսĵħʥ飬²Ե޹ʵʧ
ɱ
ħʥ赭д˵ħ˲䱻ɱ
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ħʥһʧ£ȴ޶ٸоΪԶ̸Щۼڵ̫СˣҲص顣
˾ֵĳսһʩչ˲ƣͬʱʧ
˵ʧħʥûκһӣһ˲ƹħʥͲǻȫʧ
˵֮н˲Ƶħ۶˺УԷԼϰĻᣬǣħ۽ӶʧڿС
ħһ˲ƣԵǸսһ䣬Ǽħ۶ʱ˺УȻҪӺгȴǲܵ顣
ʮۼڵħʧĲףħʥѾڸеżΪʮۼڵħۣ㲻ʲô
ʮħۣӵжʮڵĸ֣ʮڵħۣɾԲ
Сӣı»治б½ħʥĵڸŪʧ
ħʥٺЦһ֣ʱ˵ħ۳
һħ۴Ĳмˣıź󣬵ʩչ˲֮ħ۶ɴ˫ۣϣԿɱ
ǣַˣǵڵħۣһ˲ƵʱʧħʥҲЩƲסŭˡ
ȥһֱɱ
ħʥŭĺ
ڶڵħһֻҪԼʩչ˲ƾͲʧǱţȻһնһͿնɱ
˼ַˣħʩչĽȻʧ˿ռ䣬ҲʧӰ١
𺳣ޱȵ𺳣ħͬ˹ƵģһĪĿ־壬Щڵħۡ
Ի
ħʥҲСһܹõڵħʧļһǸ֣ҲӵеڵΪ
ܷӵõڸʧȫһ˵Ķ֡
ħʥкȻе˿־壬ֱּɲ⣬̫ˡ
˭һս
ħʥ˵Щڵħ۷׷׵ͷڵĸҲûһԸսΪðķ̫ˣ˭Ҳûı֤Լʧ
ԸҶսôħʥˣһսΣ
Ц˵еħʥһ۵뷨ֻǣҲµ˶ԷӭսΪûԼĵϸ
ߣƾһСôʸսħʥܴܱħʥȫ£򣬸ûսħʥʸ񡣡
ħʥʮ˵ʵЩη壬ðνķա
ѽȻ㺦£Ǿˡɣνġ
Ц˵ʱ˿̣ԷѾ˷ǳΣյĵˡ
ħʥݺħ꣬δ֮¡ߣħۻ治аʮˣһϡ
ħʥһξ룬ȴ¹ϡ
ʮڵĸ֣ʮֵʵɾԲڵڵĸ֣ʮ˳ǰһͬʱʩչħȻ׼󹥻
ǲҿɾûô˳ˡڣҲȫʧ
˵֮ʱ͵˲ˡ
Сģ
ħʥѵʮڵĸּͬʱ֣ǣʮ˽һУȫʧڿС
ʮڵĸ֣ƾʧˣôˣôǿħۣħʥо˹ԽԽЩ
£ϡͿľȥǵڵĸҲԸ⣬ħʥܵԼһʿѾĿ£ȥֻԼһѾսȫޡ
ʮ˵Ķ飬ʮˣֻʣ¶ʮڵĸ֣ڷž˶˵˲ƣûɡ
˶ԿʮˣһߵıȻ治Щڸ֣һԼʩչ屾壬ٿɱеһҡ
µǺηʥħʥе֮ԭ¡
ħʥѾҼΪˣϾʧȥʮ£ȻŪԷʵȥԼһҲ
ʥ̸ϣֻۿǲ˳۶ѡҲöˣȻˣͱŻȥˡ
΢Ц˵ԯһֱԼǱе㲻˼ˣʱӦϳˣɻᰴ಻סġ


1880 ħʥ
ôĿôǿ𣿱ħʥǲţ
ħʥ
Ųţǣ㲻뱾һһս˵Ŀ־塣ˣҲΪˣҵֵҲϳ棡
˵˻ȥָָȣǴϲĳȥڱСǣû˭Һͱһһս
Ҳһû˭һһս
ԯҲȥʱҲñһ£ȫһˣԼЩ˼
ͬţħʥȴȫޣϾղûнһһս
һһս˭Ըս
ħʥʵ
ħʥԸһս
ʮħͬʱ˵һս֮ǰʵ̫ˣʱֲȻһܺõıֻᡣ
ۣȻΪۺܺ۸ЩħӣۿɾԲġ
ȺٺЦһһȻ¶κһˡ
Ǿ֪ʲôζ֪˭뱾۶ս
ԯѾıòȻûиıԱ˵Ů
Ըսģվڱħʥֱߡ
ħʥʵ
ֻжվħʥֱߣ˻ӲͷƤվȥģΪҵĿ궼ԯ
ħʥˣҪҵֵѡ֣أ
һʱȽϹħѡеħѡɶԼһ˶ǿԮ֡
ħʥбһԼô£㳵սҲöԷĲһһսǶԼһģǵͷȻ£ѡְɣ
㣬㣡Ƕˣսɣ
ָ㣬ȴʮ֮ǿĶָ˳⵹ħʥҲһ֪Ļġ
˵ͬΪڵħۣͺѿ˭ǿ˭ˣҲ֮˶ǿħۣϹħѡѡ
ҪСˣǵʵԲһսˣԼʩչħ֮Աˡ
˵꣬ħʥʣ֮˷ٺˣ˳㹻İȫ롣
룬Ҳ˳Զ˫ˣһһĹƽս
ȵʩչͷۣ֪ѡľǿħۣԼʵȻһս
ԯҲСƶԷɽԼСĶԷһСģпܻжԷħ
˵ĵʵ֮ǰӵĴϣԼԳսǴ⣬ҲδؿαȡʤʱɳˣҲΪ˸һսǿߵĻᡣ
һս˭ʤ˭ҲȷֻжԶ˳˱ʤģħʥȴʮ㣬˵ҲսܣԼһҲóˡ
ȲԷʩչħĻᣬȥȭͷԷħҲǼΪǿĸ֣ЦӭУûʹħ£Ҳȡ
ֻս˼غϣб͵һҪսʤԷֻгӲС
ԯûǵȶԷʩչħ׼ǿĶһսħǼΪƲԯģֻʩչͨħʵ˫ֳצЦĹԯ
ԯеɽһ𣬵ӭϣǿĽеצһʱ䶷˸൱
һʵҲȻЩԤıġ
ħʥаԼԼұۣƾ˵ʵʣµʮսҲδػ䡣
ԽսԽľɽ磬ȵ츳޷ȴҲǶ츳ɵˣԷħһȽϣȴǻѷһ
ħ۲ʩħҲʼȵѹȣÿһιԵЩܣ˽սƬ֮Ѿˣ˳˲°ɾ롣
ǿǿȵȻ䣬͵ŭһٴγʱʵȻǣ籩ĹԷҲ˰֮ң
ߣ㲻Ǳ۵Ķ֡
ħһҧָָڿлһѪķţ˵ƾȻǣһȭ㽫Ⱥʮ֮⡣
һССǿһֹħ۵츳ǲСơ
а͵ҧΪ͵ĹϣƾǿηȵսҲСԷʵࡣ
һһ㶼ħۣôʩչħأ
ħɻٴʩչħʵȵǸΪ򵥣ڱ˺󣬷һ㣬ÿһγ϶ǿս
ԯĽ־˺ܾãڶԷʹǿħ£ԯռһơ
ԯսȣһսѷֳʤ
в²Ŷ˵սҲһѺ
ǲħ֮ˣ
ħʥ˵ܿ㿴ԯɽ֮ˣȵĹħʥ۲һͬȷɽ硣
¶ˣɽ硣
ЦŻش
ߣɽӦһɣ˵ɽԪɵɵۿսˣ񣬱ɽҲӦñħռˣ
ħʥЦ
ɽʮûʲôСֵġ˵ɽѾħռ죬ǸЦñɽû˿ԶԸɳЩħ𣿡
ҡͷЦ
ܣܽ뱱ɽ磬ɽ֮˲ǰõϢǣħ֮˳ͽ
ħʥʮ˵
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ɫ˵
ħʥ͵һʧǵĶбϢˣϸһ˼˻лɱһħ۵
Ϊεħȥ·ѵΪ˾Ϳɽ𣿡
ħʥŭ
ûиɽȣΪɽ֮ˣѵûзȨȻǵ֣Ǿ͸ȫնɱѾֵǵڶħˣնɱǺ󣬵ͬشħ粻ԴԴϵɳһħ۰ɣ
΢Ц˵
ħʥʮֵʧ䣬һͳɽħ´ħȫʵȥԸ磬ǣԸɽĵһħ۾ȫûԼĵڶħҲп˶ˡ
ÿһħ۶ħٮٮߣƾħǿħۣҲӶʧһɽħأǵʱɽħ磬ħ罫޿ɵ֮
ΪħĻԻͣħʥؽɱ㣡
ħʥһǿս⣬һѾԶԶĳԽ˸˵УħĲΡ
Ŷ㲻±۽ʧˣ
Ц
ߣ֮ͬˣܽħʥʧǾ˵ѾԽ˵ڵľ磬ﵽľ硣ôӦó磬ԣ㻹߱ʵħʥѾҪ򵽳֮Ҫһɵۣȴһ̫ѵ顣
ħʥޱȵ˵
˵󻰻˰ɱңһ治šҪսʱ㡣
м˵
ս
ħʥڱŭŭ֮ȴ˿־壬ȴԼΣȴܣҲȴ
ɣ
ɽԵָħʥ
𣡡
ħʥһҰ޵ĺϺâֱðȻ仯һͷǣͷ˫Ŀ죬ÿһëֱֱ𣬿¶
ôأ㲻ħʥôһͷǣѵۣ
Щ֣ʱͻȻյ˾ͷߵʾˣСģ֮ǳǿ󣬱ΧеۼħۼʵҪǿѾҪ򵽳ľ磬ǧҪС
ôҵα᲻Ķ֣
ʵ
ʵں˵֮ħһ֣Сġ
ͷ߻ش
һ˺ԼĪ֮ԶһҲСƶ֣ϾǾͷϹ֮ħ˸߿Էԭ
𣬲СӣħʥҪ˺顣
ħʥһŭ˼֮⣬徹Ȼֱ˷Ķֻצӡ
ߣ˵󻰻Ҳ֪˭˺˭
⼤ŭɽһȴҲް־⡣

ħʥʵѾʮǿʹħʵǳɱӣҪģħʥķҲӵмǿš

ЦħʥǱԽ壬һɽѾӭԷ֮塣
ħʥ˫мҪʵʰĻ棬Ȼǰһ壬צһӣһצӭĽ
˵ĹڿзҵײʱᵽԷ֮צסԼĽһ͸ԼĽ
һʹܿ˶ԷǲצĽҲ͸צķħʥһצɵĽĽɢ
ħʥһֱʹ˲֮ǱһʶȻû̽鵽Է˲ƹ켣
ɫĹâʱħʥѾǰʮ֮ħʥ˫צٵĹͷ­
˲ɱʽʮԷˣ޷ʱӽֻܾȫ˲ܡ
ǣĶչ黹һЩħʥ˫צƫĿ꣬ȴͬʱ˫֮ϡ
׺ݵצ˲䴩͸ս׵ķΪҲûסԷצĹ
˫צ֮ǿޱȣֱӴ͸ķ˫֮УûȫȴҲʮֲܡ
Ҳħʥ˲ƹɹ֮ʱɽ˲䱬һҫ۵ĽâֱնԷľ֮
ѪѪӦķʽƴˣҲԲöԷù
ħʥ˫צͬʱ֣ն£Ҳƾ˵ķգҪ˺顣
ѸٵնħʥһĻȴҲˣɽȻڽӴԷһɲǣֱӱˣħʥ֮£Խء
ķôһҪǿ󣿡
и̾

ħʥ˫צƺ˶Է֮УЧرԣȻһȣſѪ죬һҧԴ
ã
д󾪣ʱҪǱԷһҧԴζűֱɱȻӵ츳ȴǼпܻήΪġ
壡
ʱֻѡڶԷѪҧ֮ǰ֮ԴͻȻ䳯ȥֱӳͷα塣
ħʥ˸գû⵽ôʱȴоһɴϮȻ㱻ɳȥ


1881 ֮
ɽ˫ȭͬʱԷڽԷ˫צֿȻڷ֮ʱԴҲѸٵϡ
ħʥ֮˻ԵЩ֪룬ôܿԼһؿڴĽɫѪҺʱĿɿڴ
ɫѪҺѵǴ˵е壿
ħʥ𾪵ܣԯ֮ͬ˵ɫѪҺ
˿֮ԼٶȻָţǳ֮Ҳȫ򴦵˫ۿɼٶš
ͷߣһķôǿѵΪħ𣿡
ʵ
ǰ֮壬ħ֮еٮٮ߲Żõħ˼Ĺ⣬ĸΪԡڵĽ޷ҲԲ³жôǿˡû뵽˾Ȼܿһ˵ʵҲǼΪǿģٲԣħʥһսֻǸոտʼսӾʴ̼ϣƾαȻʤֻҪʹ屾壬ħʥذɡ
ͷ߽͵иħʥҲûжα
ţˡˣҲ׷䡣һģֻҪҵ㣬䶨ˡ
ŵ˵ŶԷ嶼߱ǿķ
ҽĿԴˣͰɣ
ͷ߹л治˵һսħҲʼһսʤ⣬˵һҲΪ屾ĺ֡
¿ɽ
ħʥͻȻʵв³ݣݴţɽһ֮ˣ˳ɵ۵ɽͨС
ţ¶ˡ
ͷ˵˵ʱ䣬ԼٶȻָš
ħʥ˫ۣӿһɲ׾ն񣬵һħʯȻ촽ţƺڴϢ
֪ԼҲֹԷϢҲûκεжƺܿȬˡ
ϢħʥٺһЦħûи߹㣬ֵõħĶ֡ħһսɡħʵɱħʥ㽫ԵĻǶôǿĵˡ
ħ˭ΪζԼĵϸڣħһϤĸо·ħʶԼ
ħħôܻʶأҴ½ɽ磬⻹ǵһ̤ħأǸħΪζҪҵ鷳
룬ȴûʲôͷǱ˵ħСӣǱ۵°ܽһȻǱ۵°ܽɱ㣬ͬɱ㡣
òʵǣħҲǰԣڣǲܵġħĶԹԹħʥֻ֪࣬ȴ֪ħñħʥɱ㡣ħ˵Ҫִ㣬ȻʬΣὫŮȫߣԱ֮𡣡
ħʥЦѾյħҲ˲٣ٲԼ֮ƴ
˳˼УԺкܿ㸡ֳһ˵Ӱӣ˵Լͬ㣬ȴ;ѵѾΪħħ
ɣ츳һʼ㲻ôôܻô̵ʱΪħأѵħôõ𣿡
Щˣ˵ޣԼ֮仹ǶԹԹ˵ټ棬ֻ֮С
֪ҵɱ󻼡κΣҲɱȴһֱҪɱұһҪҶҵŮˣһὫħ֮ĥʮ꣡
а˼ʱһŹŹֵĺƾն
ã
ˣܿǹḷ́ں̽ɢʱǸħʥȴѾʧӰ١
ಣ
ֱʹ˲֮Ҫ׷ħʥܹ켣ȴһʱ֮޷̽жʱ׶Է֮⣬ԼδýƣֻƾԷߡ
ͷߣԲסˣҾȻˡ
̾
ˣⲢܹ㡣ʵ֮£Ҫ߲¡˵иΪǿħѾ˶ħ֮ͷϣ˾Ǹħɣ
ͷЦ˵еĿѾħ
ħʥʩչ̵˲䣬µħҲ֮һӶݣЩ˵ʵҲħʥͬʱߣħ۲޶ȤҲûм׷ɱ
ԯȴǶǿħ۲ö˸Ͼܣ̾˿ҲֻȰɶˣҲСջ
ǶħȻռƣֻԱһվ˵ѹʱΪ˷ֹ͵Ϯ˵ĹҲΪ֮һ
ԯԡѪսǶħȴԽսԽӣΪʮֵǿһΪħʥ룬˵ĸоζű
֮⣬ǿҲǼΪǿ˿֪ħʥˣ֪ʵħʥ
֮󣬶˵ʵѸٵ½Ϊʹħ̫ȶԽսԽ£˳£˵ĴΪѡ
΢Ц˵սۼʤƽѾԼһҲû˿ĵǣ׼ʵļеĶϹ֮ħɶᡣ
һʱǶ¶󣬻ۣʱݳжϹ֮ħħ֮塣
ӰǶ˸ܣѾ˵ħ֮֮С
ȺٺһЦĺˣԯҲͬʱˣڶ˶ԣѾˣʣµľǶϹ֮ħˡ
ʱǡôʩչƣȫУһ˾ҪܣȴҲ¡
ǿϹ֮ħҪᣬҲǼѵ飬ϵ£˶Ĺ̼ΪѸ٣Ƕ¶⣬ԽǶϹ֮ħĶ֡
ʱ󣬶˽ֹͣͬʱ¶Ц⣬ȻڵأϹϾ˵²μˣ

һ䣬˵Ѿͬʱվ
Ƕħ壬һҪΪ˷ǽѡ
ͷЦѵǵͷж˸м֮顣
֪˶ʵﵽʲô״̬
²ʵжԶżǿ
ˣ¶ʵٻǿһϣħʥһսٲ
һЦŻش
ˣ¶ʵӦǿ
һ˵Ļش˶а
ţܺã˵ƾڣǶսһҵҪǵжô
Ц˵
ȴͬʱ¶ԥ֮ɫսˣƺЩ̫ʣ˻Ĵˣвˬ˶ʱһ
²ң
˿Ц
ǵսǶˣǣ򣬱ۻƺǷ
Цָȶˡ
ã뵱ĻǾʹҰɣ
ȹЦҪľսǿĶս顣
ԯ˸ȶӦսˣԼвս֮Ҳֻܵͷ
˿ʼ׽ɱһεսֻǱԣ˫֣սȴ侫ʣ˫ս൱֮ơ
ͷ߾˵Աо˵ǿ˶Ӧдߣڲʹħ£˵ʵԯ
ȶ˵ʵǶҲʵһսֱذ˫һʱ֮Էֳʤ
ͷ֪ȫû˵󻰣ƾ˵츳ԶԶǿǶģսѾ޽ӽǸħʥȻ˵ʵħʥ֮仹вٲࡣ
ħڴˣɵѹκһˣȻ˻ûһ㣬ȶ˷ȡһơ
ˣʤѾֳˣǵħԶԶǿǸħʥ˲űħ磬Ҳпǰλ
ͷЦ˵Լѳġ
Ŷԭˣ˵ô˵ħʥʵأ˵ĶԣѾҪˣԯذɡ
ͷòϾͷߵԤ⡣
ϾǶϹ֮ħ֮ʵǶ˵ħﵽħ۵ļ¡
˽Ա仯ħʱԯҲɵˣ˵Ĺһµļ״̬
ԯܿƲأ˫ȫһʵϣ˼֮¾¶˰Ҳû뵽ĻᶼûС
˴սҲ룬ڣǶҪ飬ܻˣҷȡ
˵꣬һ˶ǰ
ȵӿѪԼôƴԷӵŲٵĲ࣬һһ£Ǳذɡ
ԯĴҲòȥж׼Ͷʱȴվ˳ԯĴǣļ룬ٻһս֮
ˣҪСˣΪ˵õͣǲġ
ٺЦѾһʱĽѾЩ˽
ҶһսҲδܴһ˼屾壬ҵħ巴׸
ʯЦвΪʹ屾Լһɻʤ
ȣһΣ֣ս
ҲЦŶ˵ͷȻذ
ɽԣذķ̶ȸʤһҲԺúķƶԷ˵ķ
粢սȵҡ
ȹЦȻ˲ˣǶ־ȴʼյǿ
ս
ԯ˵Ѿ˹ԶйǣƣǿΪ˴ٰ
ţ
ͷȻһǳ֮Ѿٵ޸˵ƣѾԸΪˡ
̶̼֮ڣԯƱѾȬͬδ˹һ㣬ԳľԼһְĺʦ
޵˾룬ҲСӶԷˣʩչħʱޣ޷ڼʱڴܶԷˣԼһҲ
ȣɱ
ȵ
͵ĺһͬʱһˣԯҲˡ
Ĭʮ㣬ͬʱһˣʩչһͷħ壬ܹʱʱӶ˫צ
ȭͬʱӴȭ֣ȴ˺Ĳ棬ذͻȻĸ֮ԯķɼʯ֧Ԯ·ߡ
˵Ͽԭǿĺ湥ȣһˣٶȸ죬ذ̳һȻٺˡ
޵ٳԮȴ̫⣬ԯķɼУԭΪƾǿеȴǸоǿҵʹѾһһҲ˲䱬ըֱըһȭͷСѪ˿ڡ


1882 ˺ѷεʹ
ĸ֮ҲһʳָĽۣȵҪʱȴֶ˶ѾԶˣ޵Ҳ˰ҲӲԯķɼ֮
ļ룬ȵѹ󽵣ԯлʩչǿķɼʯͷǱɱ˸ֲѣһʼͬʱˡ
޵һۣԶ֮ħսḻռʵƵ£Ȼڽд˱ö˶Щš
Сģһܸܰǡ
ҧ˵
ţǽ뱣ֵĽһ㣬شһˡ
޵ʾ⣬ǲ͸¶Լһս
ͷ߻ζŸղŵһιвò֮ĬһսǲԤˣʹ屾壬˫սδ֪
һ֣һЦȻһһҵĽԯм䣬ⳡսУԯýҪ
вµԷʩչǿʵħֻҪȵһʱ䣬Էʵؽ󽵣ǣԼһȡʤ
Щˣž޵ʹ˸ɫͬʱһУȻһ
ڶֻҪش˱㲻Ҳзذһܲ͸ķȭֱԷˣԯķɼҲһˡ
ճһ룬ñϴһʹȻһ죬Ȼԯ֡
ˣֱ˫צնǾ޵忸ȵĹȻ
ذ˫צһҵײ˫צʱѪֱȴ쳣ǿ˫צץǰķɾɳȥ
ಣ
ԯѾˣеķɼ͵Ϯľ޵ϣ͵ĺ˵ĺٰסǰв
޵ħħһɫߣ޴ͷ͵ײ壬ڶ˵ֹ£ڶαײɳȥ
ʵ̫ǿˣӵǿķҲһײ˵Ĳᣬ˲ͬʱܵδˡ
Ѹٵķˣεԯǰԯٴηһһֱ޵ĸ֮޵ҽһ͵ڿתȻԯ
ԯ¹ɽһֹ˳ľ޵һΣ޵񲻹һеˣ͵ڿзİڶ޴βͳ˶ˡ
Ĭͬʱ˾޵˵Ĳλһι֮󣬶˱ɳȥ޵ܵҲֻˣסơ
׼ᣬٶȳ˵ԯһս˶ԯķɼʵ̫ˣȻøıƻйԯ
ಣ
һɫӰֱʩչ˲ƣúʮεͣסΣת
ɲΪ˹˲ƲΪ˸޷ԯѹٴ˲ƣĿ˵ľ޵
ԯƺأȴǽ߾ȫһ˵ľ޵񣬶Ҳԯǰγ֮ơ
˲Ȧȵԯķɼλʱιĳھ޵ΧذĴ˾޵˿֮С
޵ʹһ͵һתͷһڻҲܵķӦ治»棬еذ͵һ޵ƶʱֹ
æ
޵񼱵׼ԾβʱѾԯķȥ
˲޵ʱԯķɼٴι˾޵һ޵ƸΪأ޷Ѹϵ޵ʵ½ơ
һܿ㽫ԯƺˣǣȻŶʢĹ״̬޵ѾˣҲ˲ơ
ʵЩΣĬҷʤĹԵʮֵǱ϶˻ָƵҪ࣬ö˵ƸΪˡ
Ȼ˻δʱ̣һ޸ƣһ취ԯԶ빥
Ϊ˷ֹԯĹ˾Ȼһ޴ķþͷ߿ʮΪħۣȻʹķʵ֮
ڽΪѾƿȨûãԼһԷ˵ЧԶԶûԼĿ죬ǣʩչħħ壬Ȼѡ˱仯ħָơ
ΪһͷԳ޵Ϊһͷǣһ޴ķ£ƾȻѾȫָ
磬ǰ׷ˣû뵽ǻħ츳
ȿЦ
ȴ磬ǲûа׷ղŵĹǻᵼǵʵ½ֻôԡǱ仯ħ壬һĸֻҪǳŹһʱ䣬ͿԴˡ
ԯ͵
ԣ֮ƣδ·硣
ȵͷ˵¶˵Ц⡣
˫磬˼֪Է²»棬Լһѻǲǿ˶塣
ÿһαǹʱҶ˺ˣܸıķҲҵķʮǿ
аʱͻȻһֶ⬣⬱ޣһΣգһţȻԼԿˣ⵹һʮֲķ
ˣҽϵƬ仯Ϊ״ôܵԷǿ󹥻ҵҲἫ޶ȵļ٣Է亦


1883 ССħʥ
¶صЦ⣬ҲõǶԷǿħ幥ˡ
ɱ
޵ҲϵŭһڴӶ֮ٶȳˡ
һεĿٴθı䣬ȣΪ֮ˣʧȥսôٶԸԯԵü򵥶ˡ
ɫ̵״ϵսҲΪһ۴ķ
ɣ
ֱ˲ƵĹʵǿľ޵ʱ޵Ѿ̽鵽˲ƹ켣ǵ˫צץ
һ˳ȶˣԯɽס˺湥
һȻǶ֣ٴ϶ԣҪǿ󵽶࣬˫צĹɵĹƶ˵
ԯĹ˫צĻȣһž޿ûҧȵĺһһ治ǶԷĶ֣һӭ˴
ԯ߾ȫĹȴԼɽɳȥǺһҧ˫צնȵ塣
һʱ䣬ѪֱȵӶҧˣȻ˵ϡ
ԯʹھ̫Էܿԯεľٽеɽȴһα

һ˺ѷεĲҽһͷ־޵˫צѪעϵƸǴĿģͬ˴ٽһ¶Ѫ
ô
д󾪣ʱҲ˲üԯ׼Ϊ޵񻤷ٴα仯ħָơ
˲ƹ˺ȻûĹ˫צʱ˾޵ı

˺ѷεĸоú˲ʹûǰ壬ԼٶڶԷħϹһȦ
ǰɣ
ڵϴղǶԷ飬ԼѾɱˣɿ漣ҲЩš
ˣͶ
˵òײſסƣ˿ڶֹͣѪ˺ѷεʹҲ΢⡣
ˣ޵ҲͶ
޵æ˵ΨֳþͷҲЦҡҡͷа̾Լûоֲʹ
ϽٵѪǿħ壬ҲԷķʽŷֹĸı䣬ȻὫķ츳ӵһǿļ״̬
仯ɼ̣ǳ½ƵģǼ̲ܸȫǰȥĵط󽵣еĵطԲս׷ȻķҲû½̫࣬Ͼ岢ȫ
仯󣬿̣Է湥ķʽȴ̫ǿˣ۱ʮּӲΪ̺󣬹ҪǿɽöϹ֮ħ˴
ʱҲֻˣδɥʧսɶ˵Ѿŵˣ˺ѷεʹ˱ܵѡͶ
ԼٶȻָԭģЦЦǽǶ˵Ͷ
Ӯˡ
˷ܵĺֻʣ°ڵˡ
ԯ΢΢һЦղʱԼһ㱯ңһս˵Զʵȴһ֮˶Է
սԯΪԼܻȥĶҲΣͶ֮󣬶ƴȫٴα仯Ϊʽħ塣
ں󣬶ϵıûˣɻܵǰƵӰ죬ڶʱȫȬ
һγ䵱ʦְ𣬽˵һһƣ֮¶Ц⣬Ϊһ͵ĹʽҲǰˬѣҲζԺħֵսУԼӵĵӦ֣ٲᱻǿĶѹԵһδεĻɡ
޵Ѿħֵ壬ȫӦʵΪǿһ˽Ϊǿİ֡
˶ħʥİ֣ԯʵҲһˣɵһСŶӣʵѾʮǿ
磬ɱħĵشɱǸħ
˷ܵ
ħߣĿǰʵֻɱ
ԥ˵
ˣҲĿǰʵɱħ㲻Ҫˣ˸ղſˣչֳ屾壬ֻܱɱһħǿҲܴﵽʵȻˣǱ㹻ʵնɱħ
޵ȴ
˶˵ļ룬˵Ҳüһ⣬˱ӸԵ뷨򾲾ŷ۵㣬һ
һּȻ
ħǾʶԨԴҵʦ֡ǶˣȴǵͬΪı;Ҳ;ʵڲС֮Ѿûʦֵ֮飬Ҳİ·֮ˡ½һû뵽ѾΪħħҲΪһɵۡ
к֮£ξͲȥȻҼңҾԻòɱħҲûʲôˣһҪȥһˣǲԸ⣬ħ磬Ը׷ңǾһͬǰɣ
˵˷׷׵ͷվϾķڷ졣
磬ħĶԹ˵ġ㣬;ȴ飬һ٣ٶķŹȴ֪жֻԹޡԣ򲻿ɽͬšҵķħ֮ǣһѰһɱģһҪնݳ򣬾㵽磬Ҳһ޴İȫ
һҲ㶣û뵽εķȻʮֵĺԼҲòϡ
ţ֮ǻȥ磬ֻҪǸħңҾͲһƣѰ磬ҲҪɱ
ն˵˫֮һɱ⡣
磬һͬǰ磬֪ǷҲǿĸ֣Ҫɱʹʹ졣
ָֻ˺ˬҴ³
ţͷ
ˣ¶Ըһͬǰ磬Ϊϵɽ»𺣣岻ݴǡ
޵ͬ˵
¶һĨ΢Цħ֮ˣ˽߾Ӷ࣬һ㽫ˣҲֳҳϵһ棬ɽ֮ˣƺ˷ġ
ѾΪǣȴδǵˣҪħ磬ǾԲǿǰġ
Ц˵Ҳ̾ԼЩαԼôὫħأȫûбҪõĶǿְ
ȻҲò˵Ưһ㣬αһ㣬Ҳ˵ĸоʮǾԼѡģ˵ǿ
ȻǶижѣı̬Ը׷ȥδԯЩ֪ȥΪŮˣԯ֮ǰѾȷҪһͬǰʱҲı⡣
һħֱ߽ͨıԵ֮أѰҵͨͨʱħפͨħۡ
һ£޵Ѿ֣Զ˵ʵҪʰЩפصħۣ˵ǲѴ֮
˽ǰͨûöñѾִԵ˴ͨгֺ󣬶ʱһ֧ħ飬һ˼ʱҲͬʱ¶֮ɫ
ħʥԩ·խ㡣
Ц˵֪ħʥԮıƻħУʮۼڵĸפڴ
㲻ħΪβɽ磬ͻȻ磬㵽кĿģ
ħʥвһβΪħԲűܿ
ʲôҪõ׼𣿡
Ц˵ȻҲħʥʱƾǿ£κһ˶дħʥĿԣļħۣΪԯҲӦԣһΣܲҪԼ֡
ħʥһЦָĶ˾ȻԼ£˾ȻûǣôѱԼأ
ߣǶ˱ħʥѵ֪𣿡
ħʥź޵˵
۵£ΪҪ㲻Ǹħʥ𣿻ΪԼ䰡
ЦЦԼһҲЦ
ССħʥЦЦڱУʲô㲻ϣ
ˣħʥŭ־ôԼĵıԼҾȻԼС
Ҫ˵ϻħʥͷˣһ˳֣ɴһΣͲҪͷԳˡ
޵ٺЦ
ţССһħʥۻûгֵĴ㡣
Ц˶ǿ£ʡʡ

ħʥˣû뵽˲񣬱ԷһһССħʥԼ첻һԺλħȥ
ħʥҽʱЩѾƿڴȻ˵ĽҲûм˵ķ̸οһ˾ЦеģںԷĽ
ħʥŭɶҪ嶯ҼƴǻǲΥħֻǿͣȻħϢ
Ǳħģ
ħѶϢħʥץѣԼһͨڣְֲأֻܼħϢ
ħôˣȻҳ룬ˡ
ħʥɫֱ࣬ţţһȺħ۾Ҫˡ
ݣǶͽħʥһΣħʥһɱǡ
ħʥŭ˵˳滰׼
ôߣ
쵽ħʥ״Цʵ
ɶ񣡡
ħʥҪѪݺݵĶǱħʥܣֻħ֮ħʥòӡħһξѾˡ
ŶħΪβɱأ
Щɻѵ֮ͬ꣬ƺܡ
ߣΪñħʥɱ㣬ʹ㲻ᱻɱˣħҪɱ㣬ԲŻ´ħʥɱ㡣Ȼ㱻ħˣںεأɱ㡣
ħʥЦţǣħϵˣչһģһ뵽ħʥоʮֵˬ
ǺǣħϢ˵ڴ˵صɡ
΢Цл治ǸħܴһҲԴ
ְǸһﵱԺһ㣬ٶô֮أһΣҾȻûɱһǰħ硣ƺڷ֮ٶȲңΰ쵽أ


1884 Ե
ʮֵĺ棬һʱ֮仹Щ벻ס
ħʥ룬ȻѰôԼȻҪȫ̸ħѶϢúħܿ´ָʾ
ħûգ˵һ㣬ΪץŮˡ
ħʥʧ˵˻һ˵͵һɫʱ䡣
ԭһգŮ˶ѣ㻹ĺں
ɫãħʥ˷Ȼ˴
ħʥңˣɱۡ
˵
ǣ
ͬʱ
ȵĵһۣпǶʮ˽ģħ̫ͷ϶ĽѵһҲȡ
һŭΪգ飬ûһΣͬΪԷĻŭˡ
ħʥܣȻǶԷƣԼ֮һսҲ˵ĹȥģôħӦò𷣡
ɱǣһ
ħʥһᣬ´˱ɱ
ħͬʱˣħʥԼһľ¾޷ռƣҲԵֵһʱ䣬ٿĶԷĲ
սȴʵħϢβŹˣһɡ
ħʥٺһЦԷѶϢħĻشȴħʥΪ֮һϲЩŮˣֵ£ħȫץסʱǣȻ֮ħҪһɱǣȻһս
ԣŭ죬͵ļһȻɵ˳̶ȣ˺ЩˣԼԲ
еޱȣԶԷħݣҪץһЩˣ൱ļˣ˵ģ롣
ħʵôҲȥЮʣ仯屾壬ҲѾȳʡ
οħ᲻ǰ˺أˣʲô취
ңħģ
˵ޱߵɱӿ
ħʥһԭΪԼʵҪǿڶԷ£Լȴһʮֲĸо
ħʥΧʱԼľ»ûȫʩչħȻѾ룬ԷˣһһǿǱѵĶһȻͬʱʹħ塣
ãǶʵңҲܼͣ
ħʥд󺧡
ش𱾵۵⡣
ĺȵ
ħ޴ڣ׼ɣħʥһ
ħʥֱʹħ壬׼ǿ״̬ߣİǸһЩ
ħʥʱ͵Ĵһ
˽ֵħͬʱҪܣǣôǵóĿģǣ˱ǿˡ
ħʥѾ˲룬ϲʱԼȻײ˽ϣвɴ󾪡
㣬ôô׷ˣ
ħʥʵ
׷㲻ˡΣɡ
ʮֲˬʱ׼ħʥ
㱾ħʥӣҲδǱħʥĶ֣ǿҪ±ħۣǱħ۾ֻɱˡ
ħʥǿװ򶨵˵
ãǾͿûʵ
䣬αѾ˲ƹħʥ
ħʥϲ֪ħ£ԼĹ֮ҲԷȻ˲ƹѰ·
ȥ
ħʥŭ͵ǰˣֱӹ˲е

ħʥ˫צһӣʱоǧļ̴Լ˫צǿҵʹħʥ̲סʹг
ֳΣδֻĶħʥ˿ڣ¶һĨ̵Ц⡣
ħʥ۽һϢѪȾѪħ֮壬ۻ̵ʹ
֪ħʥħצʱҲֻˡ
ħʥ˫צʹ̣ϽǹĽɫʱʱɵˣôսףԼν
Ϊħ壬£ƱǿĹǣ״̬£ħʧȥӦеơ
ħʥĲ£ʹ屾壬Ȼ屾Ҳ˼̣ħʥͬʯһ㣬˵˲ήȥ
ħǱܵĸоη壬Ƶѹ£ħҲʧȥԭеս⣬־ӣ屾忿ʱħʥԼ徹ȻϵĲţȫʧȥԭеս⡣
־壬ŭħʥҪ룬粻ƿأٶȾȻƽʱһֹ㷢ĹҲ½ࡣ
屾壬Ѿǿ㹻ħʥʵʩɱľ磬ֻǣ˼򵥵ķŹԲŵƾѹ
ı壿ǿ󣬱ħʥĶ֡ҪԸħɱ˱ħʥҲûʲôô
ħʥѾҪͶˣֵıħ֪һħͷԼˡ
ھʶʲô
һЦ˲ơ
ħʥ㱻ŵĻɢԷ˲ʱԼ޷̽鵽˲ƹ켣

ħʥâ֣ʱ屻ԷβɣУħʥֻͬĵĸо϶˿ڣ˿֮ľҵʹ
֮ʱħʥֶԷһٸ˿ڣħʥҪˣ֪ԼذɣҲķǳ֮ҡ
ŲҺħʥٴγֱӽײɳȥħʥϱļ̴ˣ۵ȥ
һһΣħʥѾǧٿף£ħʥѸٵı仯α壬ȻٴʩչħΪһħ塣
ħʥʹ˵ڶħ壬ϵʹҲֻԼˣƾûôȫָ˽Щħ۵ħ幦ٴγ
Ƭ֮ħʥѾģϵ˿飬屾£̼Զħʥ壬ˣ˿Ѫֹס
Ŀûκεãֱħʥ廯ΪѪ춴ڣʱװֹͣ˹
ħʥ̱ڵϣѾû㹻֧ħ壬ֻ˻Ϊα壬һħʥʹ޲ȥ
ħʥƴˡ
ħʥŭѾ׼ʩչħ֮ԱҲʹҪù֡
ʲôʸ뱾ƴħһǲ֮
ЦһŻ˲佫ħʥ֣ħʥòУᱻǻڻ
ħʥԥʩչħ֮ԱǣʱȻʧˣħʥЦΧĻ棬ﲻ֪ԭ
ƴʸûУֻ·һ
ħʥбţħҲѰһ·ǰʵ̫ˣħԶԸһĶ
Ҫˣ˿ΪұҲģĺܲġ
ħʥʹĺԽأѪҺƺѾˣҲԼѪɺŻ
ʱȵѾսͻȻͷߵˣһ֮룬壬ᣬϣ˳ȫ
ðɣʹ࣬㶯ְɣ
Ӧ˾ͷߵħ֮塣
İ£ͷ߳ڻ֮Уħʥа̾˲Զǿħ֮壬жʱ󾪡
˭
ħʥʵ
Ϲ֮ħͷߡ
ͷߺٺЦеʮ㣬ԷѾ־ȫޣԼ֮ʱ
ᡣ
ħʥֵĺǾͷ͵ĳħʥ֮УǣһŭĲҺѸٵĴħʥֶԷħ֮ԼҪǿĶࡣ
ͷ߿ûԭʼ̵ķʽĶᣬ֮УħʥĲҽɽȴû˿ĸı䡣
ûлشҵ⡣
вɰԵģҲ֪ħĻǷģģ롣
һһҪʬΡ
͵ĺȵȻ˽ƣȵѾȴš
ûãͷ߶ɹȴԵնȡ̫صƣͷһʱҲ޷ȫָϵơ
̾˿ͷ߻ָƣԽЩģ֪ħڵںηץ˭
磬̫ˣЩѾעҲ޲ǸħץǵˣǾɱ
Ȱ
ˣ֪ħһЩ顣
ͷߺ˵
˷׷˾ͷߣʱͷ߽͵ˣҸղŶ󣬾߱ħĲּ䣬ҲãļħֱǸӣʩչħõĹõһϱħ飬мִħһɣǳ
ԭڣճǸһǲôΪħħģԭħ顣
ͷߣ˵
ͷ
ͷ߽е鼸ȫ˳ħӰħȻǸˣ䣬Թû̫ĸı䡣
ӰϣԿһޱȷŭħһбռݵħûаԡ
֪ץ֮£
ʵ
ˣԴˣһ֪
ͷε˵
̾˿̧ͷңǰв²ħ磬½ץԼŮµġ
һֱ飬һڷˣ侲˲٣Ҫҵħˡ
ȻҲħڹԼ룬˺ֱͦ塣
۸һϾ̶ǰɽ磬ҵԪɵۣһԪڣһԪٻһԪй֮ˣ½һԪ֮ˡҸһЩмһҪԴԪɵۡ
񲻹ħĻǷʵԼӦӦɽģ˼Ҫ֮ȫҵȡħκҪЮĻᡣ
֮ѯһϸ齻ȻĿȥ
˻ʲôԸ¶һ´񡣡
ͷ޵ͬʱ˵жޱȸмʱҲΪʲôܾǷ̫̫ࡣ
Ŷˣ˼ţ̫òˡ
ʯǱħ磬ԷչٶȽһǿɣ֮ͽһԪڡǵðзչʱҪħԿħĽӦ䡣ܵУ취ȶ
еǾеķպܴ󣬿ܳɹħ罨һǿɣôһħ뿪ħ磬Լлһͳħ硣
ұһͳǣһжģҾһͳ磬ʱ˭
ЩŭҲЩ嶯֪ħڰҪܿԼԼҵȻԼһͳ磬Ҳ޴


1885 Ĥ
ʯȥ˼ıӰ
ˣҪǰ磬һͳʵ̫ˣǰ첻ġ
ͷ߿Ц
´ˣħ۵ݣҪһͳ磬οԷڣ
Ц˵
ôֻ´ʲôأҿĺڴ
ͷЩ˵
ʱһһͬС
˵ȴþͷЩԣ֪ΪβԼ
ˣΪ˷ǽѣ˸´ɣ
ͷԿ˵
ôϻ˵һ䣬۾ͻ㡣
ȵЩһﵨƺԽԽˣﻹԼˣȱӦе𾴣ҪЩºã
ͷ̵ǸҲˣһЦ֪ͷǺģԼȴðԼϡ
ǰ磬Ѱһˡ
ȥ߲ʷˣҲ磬Ǿҵ
ɭһ·ϣȴִǻ⣬ɭִٴ֮࣬˲ڵϡ
磬ֵħ֮Ҳ̫ˣ֮һڡЩ˵ʲôĿģѵҪ𣿡
Ȳʵ
⣬Ҳ޷شЩħɱӣʮֵײУѵһ𣿡
Ц
̫ˣҲɽ󣬽ʲôġ
ԯЩŭ˵ô벻Щħ֮ߣһڶû¡
ʮ֮󣬼˽һ֮⣬𣬳ſвƴҪǣЩס˾ˣ⵼³ܾڶˡ
ڽܵԶǰˣѾʶ֮ĲҾǲ֮˵ᡣ
ôûħأ
Щɻ˵ΪΧ弸˴ЩħȻѾִ˴˵أΪβ¾ǣԵЩ졣
ȴ磬ôϣǱɱ𣿡
ԯЩ˵
ԯãˣҲǸ˼룬Щħ۵·ʽӦ»ڣԲŸо֡
ЦŽ͵
ʲôֵģΪħɱ֮˾ͻȫǲܵ飬ΪʵԲɽ磬Ǻܿ֯˵ġ
ԯ˵
ȵͷԯ磬ϾǸŮˣӮˣԼҲûκεĺô
磬Ϊｵ䣿
ԯʵҪȥҷ֮ôһ֮ͣ
Ƕ̫İˣֻ֪Զһ·֮ûһˣҲ޷̽κεϢΪ˵õѶϢֻѯ֮ˡ
͵
ŶԭˣǿȥҸʰɣ
ԯͷ˵
ħ֮ˣħ֮ˣ
һָ֮һ˵
ܿ죬˶ֵԶˣЩ˵žŭ޲һ㡣
ˣҵĴһ޷ȫħϢ
ͷ߿Ц֮ʮеģǶħ֮˵Ϣ
ⲻĴˣ뿪
룬ɲ뱻ħ֮ˣħ磬ԼԽͣԽᡣ
ֻĸˣɱǡ
֪˭ͻȻЩͼ֮ܵˣȻвٶ۷ѸٵĽŰΧ
˶ʱ룬Ǿˣᡣ
ɱǡ
ɱħ֮ˣ
˷׷׺ܿһ˱仯屾壬һݺݵĶˣΪ˸մħǰϻٵմȾħϢԲŻᡣ
һ̽飬Щ֮УȻһҲûУƾЩ˵ʵȻҲҽɱԼˣˣֻѰ·
ɣħӣ
һ֮˷ŭĳͷߣ˵Ϊڣͷ㶼û㣬ײһ֮ҽűײɳȥ
ĵͷԼδ´֮ǰͷǲɱ˵ģʱı־ͷǳ
ɱǣɱǣΪȥ֮˱𰡣
Ǹײɵ֮˴ӵȫȻϵѪɷߺޱȵĺ
һǸѪԵˣ֮˶һħռ硣
аҲ֪ħɳ˶ħ۽磬ҲɽܴǸħѾĶ硣
һ֮˹ͷߣ˻ǱײɳȥǣʣµȻŭ쳣ȴҲ
ٷŭгǿô֮УʵǾһУЩΧ֮˲°ˣ˭Ҳ޷̽鵽ͷߵΪ㹥ҲֻѰ·Ϊ
Զи֮˸ϵ˶ھ䣬ħ֮˵вЩǰѰ󱣻ȴ֮⣬γʵ̫СԵأ
ʵǻὫ֮ģֻҪﵽ𼶱ΪɽѰұӻ𼶱˱Ͼֻ˻޷뵽֮С
ͷ߲δҲԭأ⵹ΧЩˣΪЩħ֮֮ǰЩ˲һ


1886 ػ
ɽ֮ˣħ֣ظ׼һ֮ǵˣǾᡣ
΢Цűȭ˵ϵЦʮֵϣ׺ʮ㡣
һ仰ΧĲ˱ˣΪʵڲЩײеħ֮ˡ
ԯҲ¶Цݣɽ磬ɣħ֮ˣٶ˵Ƿǳġ
ȵαһĿģЦҲʲôħ֮ˣΧ֮˷׷׶žͷߡ
ͷ߸ոɶ᲻ãǾħʥ壬ƾһͲʲôˣΪħ֮һȻ߱ħֵʣħϢ͸¶ħ֮˵ݡ
λǱ۵ѣҲԸ硣֮Уÿһ綼ǺˣͬĵҲе˶ǻˡͬкˣҲлˣħͬˡҲҪƾһ˵жǻˣǲȫġ
ָžͷ߽ܵƾ󣬺ܿòͻ
ԣƭǵģǶħ֮ˡ
֮ǰǸʮ¸ҵ֮˴
ҵȽǵۼ֮ˣбҪƭǱ붯֣ˣﻹлվ
Ц˵仰ܿþ󲿷Χ߶ͬĻ
˼˿ǵۼ֣ԼЩΧ֮ʲôһԷɱˣΧһƬʬ壬һ㿴Է˻治ħֵĻˡ
ǣʱҲ𣿡
˻˵꣬˷죬۴Ҷ
ס죬ɱ
˵
˺ܿΪ˻ӭĶۼ֣һҲиȫ
λǰȾҵȰɣħ֮˺ܿɱҵΪ΢Ҳҵȣλǰ
һ˿ЦĹڵأĴ£ȫڵأЩ˶ԣܹȥҪġ
֮⣬е֮˶˹˵ɽר̰磬Щ˾ͬץסľݡ
֮˹ڵأǶ˶ĤݣҲЩţҲЩݣЩС߾ףܵвôܻڵأ
磬ǻҪúÿҪҪЩ˰ɣûб˼ֻ㣬ʲôҪ
޵ȰϾЩΪͼ֮ˣԼ˲ûǣȥˣͣʱҲԺĪ
磬˼С
ԯҲȰǲģȴϣԼΪأ򣬺ܻء
ͷԼݣʱǾøñֳĬΧ֮ԽԽ࣬˶˵ľݣһͬ˶Ĥݡ
·ƽελǻᱣǣɣ
Ȼ˾һ֮䣬˶һǿ͵һȵ
ã
ֻһãȻ֧ʱľԯҲЦЦƺ֪ǳ
˵Ĵ壬ѡ
ͷ߳޵ԽԼˣӣԼˣҲ޺
֮˷׷׷֮ٲȻΪ˵ľܿע⣬Щ޷ǵ֮ˣ㱻ħҲֵͬ飬˴ǣòˡ
ѾӦ˱ǣôǷӱ۵𣿡
˵
ҵһǰ
˷׷׻ش
ôЩ֮˶һɢɳ룬Щ֮ѡһ쵼ߣ򣬸Щ˽鷳
֮УΪǿһһ𣬴˲δǣʱǡñѡٳ졣
ʲô֣
Ȼʵ
ǰǡ
ǣѡ֣ȻдļУָ֮ˡ

ǰ֮
˵󣬺ܿѡʮʵǿ֣ȻȨ·ţ֮Ѿγһͣٲ֮ǰΧסˡ
ǣҲǲ˽ǵɣ룬ǲȥǵ鷳
֮פһƬɭ֮أھͷʩչƺЩ֮˵İȫӦò̫⡣
ֻҪΪûдﵽħʥħۣҪͻƾͷߵĽƣǲܵ飬ĹƣħﵽʵӦû˿ԴﵽħʥΪ
˵Ĵڣ֮˷׷׸ܵ˰ȫУǶ˸мѣڲúʮӰԶٶе֮˶ޱȵĶЩ֮͡
ͷ߲õĿ͸ƣҲ˵Կ棬ҲԿΡ
Ǽı仯屾壬ΪҪһɱ֮ˣ׷ױ仯屾壬˾ֲĵȴ
ʮֱƬɭֶ·ǣЩǰеԶʱһ׷¶Ц⡣
ﻹһȺȥɱǣһ
Ϊ׵һߵĿͬڿһȺС
ǣ
һħۣΪħ۳ڣЩ֮ˣΪѾˡ
ǰǺƴˡ
Ǽ˵
ħۣʲôȥƴĪ˵㣬ȫһϣҲĶ֡ο֮ȫħۡ
̬˵
ʲôȫħۣүħΪʲôǿ󣿡
𾪵˵
е֮˶ֵˣѾʼˣܹ֮УгнƵķҲͲõЩħ۵֡
Ⱥ׼ľ𣿡
ħ۵ЦĻƽ֮˷׷׷ֵĽл
ɵۣۣ⻹ϡٵģⷽԲ֮Ҳ۵ĴڣһôʮħۡνǿԴڵģҲЩħԼԣʵ̫СˡЩ֮˶ԣǿĿ¡
ħѾһħɲͻȻͣסˣͬײʲôƵģȻһ
ƣ
ħ֪ط˽ƣһնڽϣΪɵƳơ
䣡
ħһڽϣһ죬ȴһɾ޴ȥȵ֮ʱڱ֮Ѫ
ΪҪƳͷ߲õĽƣȫǲ֮£ǿƳƣκʵܵ˽ƵķЧ
ǾͷҪɱղűڽƵķвֻûͷ߲
ʲô˲õĽƣôôǿ󡣡
Ϊ׵ħ𾪵˵̽һ󣬺ħ۲õĽƣôܣܡ
˵ħ۷ŭޱȣ޲̾˽ɱˣƵǿֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ֮ˡ
쵰б¹
˷ܵĺ֮ҲʼԺ
һħ࣬ǧ֮˳εǱһȺͼ֮ȴΪǿĽƣħҲ޷ڡ
Ϊ׵ħһɳ£ҪƳƣǼ£һĻͷƲص˻
ƿǵڵĸֲõģˣɵţȵǵĵ񼶸ֵȻɡ
Ϊ֮εĻʾȥ
֮˷׷׻еѾʼ裬еĳ˸裬򼤶л
֮Ͷѣҳݡ
ЦЦԼ֮ǰħֹɽļƻʮǵģһֱɽ磬ɽпݡ
ħ缸ȫħ֣绹ɽ磬Ҳвٵۼ֣ɷɢĵۼħħʱֻ·һ
ΣħֻʮֵѸ٣ڿʼ׶λγɼƣͬսһ㣬ɽһֲ
Ѿʧȥ˲ֵأ֮˱ɱ¾ȻԣȻֻһСأ֮˶ԣҲֻǼٵ˿ʧ
ħҪռ磬ѶȾԲСһʱķʮֵǿҲħƽԭ֮һɱһֲ
ռ첢ζһҪɱɾħʲôĿģײеһԣǲռ硣
˼ţЩħֱǰǣǵŵĹرճţһʱ䣬Һġ
ʮħֻ֣վڳ֮ǰǹǿƱó֮ϵв
Ϊ׵ħʮֵƣղų˰ʱ׼һӣ֪ǵ˿Ѿܶˣʱ򹥳ǣƱõʱ
ʮˣǰȥƽơ
Ϊħʱʮͬʱǽƣھͷ߲õĽƣǵĽ̫̫ࡣ
֮УǻΧһƬΪǿˣ𼶱˵ǲ٣ۣҲʮϡ
סнƣڣ
һŭȴϿմȴһŭ߸ʮۣ֮˸ǵ·
ʮħ۵ֹ£ǵĽƷҵҲڻζ
Ȼ۵ǿ£֮˼뵽سǵеУЩ˲ϧļ룬ǵĽƸΪǿ
ʮȻڷƣ˲ģһǿķâϿա
źǿ󣬿վûʲô̫ô
ЦЦ￴ķâħ۶ʵԵЩС
磬𣿡
ԯʵ
ħвҵʱʼұħȫɱɱ£ɱҲ硣
˵
磬Ҽǵ֮ǰɲ˵ģ㲻˵ҪԽ֮⿴ħ𣿰ĵħʵһ磬ֺαȥķأ
ЦʵĵĻ
ÿɷЦЦشһʱһʱҲħҵļˣѣҵս֮¡¹£ħ磬ҲڡҲħߵΪǲֹ֣ɱħ֮ˣв֮
ȥʲôнеˣ˵ô죬Ҿô⶯ӵ飬ҿɲԸ롣
ЦлʮĻشΪ
ʮħ֣վûƵǽƣۺ֮˲õģʮħ֮УһӵеۼڵΪԣѶȵġ
ħһЦȫ幥ţ˽ƣ
ʮħ֣Ӵӿ֮ǵҲ׷׳֣ҪסŴĽơ
˫ֲʱԶͻȻһȺˣһȺ˵ٶȼ죬Щ˳ʱħǡƵ˳ŴĽơ
ףԮĿʱ򣡲ԣЩ˲ȫۡ
аԼǲҪˡ
ʮ˷ٸΪ֮һɱ֮ʱȣССħۣȻǣʵڵ
ħд󾪣˺ˣΪǵԮʮǿ󣬵ȻȽЩԮ
ۣȻ
аʱÿ԰ԼһЩ⡣
ħܿһ̽󣬷Щɵ࣬ǴﵽΪĽԼһħˣȻֻǶһˣȴԼһռ˼ơ
λ۳ȣ۲мһս۶ҪЩħۡ
֮е칰˵Ȼʮһ۷ɳ˳ţܿЩԮγңӦ֮ơ
ɶֶһۣһսʤЩжϡ
ħЩˬš
ǹͬЩֵħۣΪȥ֮˱ѩޡ
һҲ˵
۲˵죬ǣȴվ۵ߣҲұ֮ˣӪеļɵۣһʶ
ɱǡ
ħЦʮ˲һ󷨣Ѫǣȥʮֹޱȡ
ҵҲ󣡡
ۻû˵꣬ħȻ˹ơ
ɣ
ŭ⵽ħ͵ϮۼڵۼǱ˲ɱЩħ۵ʮֹŹ֣ʮ˾Ȼͬͬأÿһιɱ˶Է֮ˣԷĹȴ󷨷סˡ
ɱĽࡣ
ȿЦЩɵ۱Ӧռƣȴħ۵գһʼʧȥ֣һ𶼱ȽϿѣ̸ۻûʩչ屾壬ͱԷɱ塣
һȺħ۴ĿɿڴһƺɵˣһЩ֮ˣҲ׷ײȥ
Ƭ̣һۼ˹룬ǳҲԷ͵ϮܿѾˣöԷħǸΪš
۷ɱУЩħһ壬۲һɱϾֻеۼڵΪԷȴжħۡ
ǰԾȾ𣿡
ʵеΪ˿Դôħֻۣϣǿȥæٶһʤ㡣
ðɣҾͳɱЩħۡ
ͷӦһѾ˽ơ
ǰǣǲȥæ𣿡
Ǿˣû뵽һǰȥΧȴԭأƺ׼ս
һȥ͹ˣбҪȥô
ЦЩڶ߱ħۣԼлûȤ
ס֣
ȵ
Ȼ˫ȴûΪĺֹͣɱвЦһס֣ȴĵۼд󾪡
˫סˣһĵۼڿԻһҲ󷨣ħĶǺˣ

΢Ц˵

Ǹħ쾪ֿɲİഫħɽĸ־ڴ֮֡
û뵽мѣŹȥãΪƺ˺ܶࡣ
ôˣ
м˵

Ǹħ͵һɫ壬ɫʱŨḷ́ΧǷ׷׺ˡ
ûһֱȵǺɢȥǶʮħ۾Ȼͣԭأδ뿪⵹˶о˼
ǰ¡
ޱȵħ쾹ȻģҲ׷¶־֮ɫϴͶˣЩﻹҼһ󽵡
ûǵϴɣ
ȺٺٵЦ
Щŵħǹģʵ̫ˡ
Ǽ˵ôû뵽ǿ˵ز
ɵˣ֮ҲȺʯĵۼǣһҲĿɿڴô벻ᷢ顣
ӣǼӰɣ
Ц
ǰǲˡ
ħ־˵
ˣҲǻɱˡ
΢΢һЦ䣬Ƕʮħ۱ѾʧӰ١
˳ȥ˼ӣǸŹֵ°׺ۣлǰ
Ŷؿ
ֵȻżգգۣ磬æɣ
ǣ
۹˵Ȼ챧ǸһЦӻ֣ʾȥɣ
ż۵һ֮ʱ͵İݵڵأЦҡͷʵ̫鷳ˡ
ɣѣûҪôǿ㣬һһ֡


1887 
Ц
һαĺܲңжʮ־ηģʱĻвɶ˼ָж
ԼĪһʱ֪ʮԶǿһɣε֪ħ֣ɽ˲پȱ
ɽΣ
ʵ
ɽҲ˷֮УԪɵɵѾַɽ翪սˣɽĸ˲أֻ±ħֻҪءһΣԪɵ˲֧Ԯ硣
ɵۻش
ֿ磿
ʵ
ǰѾص磬ڡ
ɵæ˵
ħһ£²ôýɣħֵЩˣˣһʱɱЩħߡȴ½ȥ֡

дϲڱΪ͸Խգ̫òˡ
ú²һƣЩΪͼ֮Ҳתǡһ飬ħ֮ӡ
ԯһ飬ͷһ飬Ϊĵ㣬ʼʼħ֮á
ħ֣ĵֵҲԽԽǿ󣬼׷ħ֣֮Ҳû뵽ħħеħ۶Ե֮ء
ԯɱʮħ֮Ȼȶ˻ϣڼ۵Ĵ·£ͬǰڡ
ڣڶһɽ֮УΧǣڻУǵȻҲڵΧ
һʱ˽ڳſڣس˷׷׹ڵأʱһ˵Ĵӵ߳š
֣ӭڰ
۴һ۹ӭ
֣̫ˣԳӭ
ЦЦһ֣ʾ۲ҪҲ֪ϰߣҲͲ˵ǽӭǡ
ʮۣʱǼѾ׼˾磬һµĵطһڵۼ
˫ⲻ˽һ⽫˽ܸʶҲ˽ܸȵʶ
ʱգ۵ΪԭѾﵽ˵ڵΪ⵹һڵۡ
Ҳ̽ΪȻѾﵽ˵ۼڵΪвɴΪ𾪣ԭѾﵽ˵ۼڵΪ
ߵļˣ۾Ȼû̽˵ʵ̽˷ˣֻǵЦЦûΪۡ
λԭǰȾλһ
۹ơ
ߣ
ͷһ۲أȻĴڣǾͷߵ޷̵ġ
ԯͬʱƳһۣ˵Ǵֵ˾Ʊ׼۾ơ
ˣ˴ȾˣҲûдΪ֮УһʵΪ
ڸϵȻȾλǰᣬԲȾ˾ƣû뵽һλȻһƺӡ
۶پΣЩΪ˵ͷǰǷǰˣ
ͷһͷͷ˵ûУ
˵꣬ͷҲվһʱһ֣۶վͬʱЦ
ֵ֣Ǿһ
Ц˵˵ղŵľֻǳòʱǳġ
ֵǣɱ
ˬЦЦһ
ͷߵ¶һĨЦ⣬Щ˲Ƕ෴ָ鵹ʮֵֿ
ȿЦҡҡͷղŻΪСˣʱȴȫһᣬ˼Ҹǽ˵һˡ
ҲҵˣһһǰлʵǿǰԼòСӦԡ
ۺܿ۵Ѵвɴ󾪣Ҫ֪˵죬ƺԴһ֪
ѵΪΪ˲ǰΪǸǰģ
Цĳ嶯ֲۣǵеĺǸΪصġ
ڼѾȣʵǿľˣһΣʮħƾʧ˵ʵǿԼĵز
ƵղرãϾλǰСģͬҲ˵ճ˳ƣǳơ
֣Ҹ˴λǰȥתתɣ
Ц˵
ôԣǻںȾأ
Ψˣæʹɫ
Ȼ⣬ȵСӵʲô˼۾ƻδ꣬ϱߣ
ǣǻòͷ˰ɣҪףۿɵڡ
ԯҲϵ˵Ѭ£ϷıǣŵһɫǼҲˣ֪ôǰš
ͷҡͷЦɲҶվ׼뿪
λλǰǧֿ˿Ҫе֮¸λǰˣλǰ¼ƣư
۵ĶͷѾ˺飬˵еĽš


1888 ط
һʱһʱҲ
仰˸⣬ڲ֮ǰۿǸ߸ϵǿߣԼв˵ѾɱԼȻܻΪԪɵ۵ĹϵԣԷŻνύԼ
˫ΪǿҶԱȣоҲ˼ı仯ǿʮۣҪԼ֣Լɵɱǡ
ȣȣ֪ȾơҪȣȥȰɣ
׺ݵ˵Ȼȵıˤڵϡ
ˣԼ
ԯЦȻ󽫾Ʊҷڵء

ȺٺһЦûüߣͻȻѾˡ
ѽ
ڻûȥԴϱһȻѸٵһһ۶Ĵˡ
ӣ
ԯӵ죬Ѹٵĳûټ
λǰ
żĺǣѾӰˡ
֣ô嶯ǿǰôԶأ
ۺȰżѣҪˣǲ룬ڣҲһ
ǰǰڶأ
Цѵ
棿⣬⵽ô£
ΪΪΪԲŻᱻ󵼣۵ǻۣͿ˲Ծ֮
֣λҵѣҸղǿЦ㲻̫ġֻҪǲġ
Ц˵
ʲôԹסˣ
ĿɿڴôЩ벻ס
ȻҵСܣһҵˣҵģ˭ġ
شѾµֻһ𾪡
Ȼ˼⣬ʣµ۶ˣһ״ʯ۲ſƵĿֻ֣еۼڵΪۼڵǰô㣿㵽ôģ
ҲӵеڵΪֻ̽鲻ѡ
òԼʵΪ޷ش۵Ļ
ۿҪεˣӾͿɳۿϿ¿ǰԭµڲ֪ǰΪȻǸĪ⡣
Ļһڡ
˵úõѣͻȻôǻǺû顣
۱һԥһ󣬻Ǿ̫ˣЦЦʮּѵ³һ仰֣֪ˡ
֣ͶǼȾơֵǣɱ
Ц
֮һֱ˼ʱ˺ȵĲֺ
󣬾ֻʣ۶ˣʱŻ˵֣ϴγŵ֮£ظһ񣬱ȴﵽڵΪһֻΪ磬ڡΪﵽڶˣлڳķÿ˵ķʽһÿ˵ԣеԿ죬Ҳ죬ģǾͺѳ񡣵Ȼе˼ﵽ˵ڵΪһҲ޷
иһѣ֪ķھͽ㣬סֻ޷񷽷ʱķ
ԣ۸мЦЦзڳˣΪ쵽ΪˣڵۼڵΪͣ˺ܾãɵﵽʱԼһʮңԶľ롣
ȡһȽԼģ˵гطԼȴδΪɵĳŵ֮ۡ
Ѳãֻ֮ܽ£жΪоЩɻǣʮ۸޷֮ˣԪɵΪλʮ˵ѡ
һڵĸֱɵĴʮۣˣԪɵ˵Ķ̫ˣⲻòĴɻ
Ȼɲܵ˵ǽǶ۵˵ļ裬Ҳû뵽˿ĴﵽڵΪ
֣ǰ㣬ʵϻҪ̡
˵
ʲô飬־˵ֻҪܰæһ߾ȫİæ
ʮʹ˵
ֿ֪֪ںδ
ʵ
Ԫɵ˵ץˣһص磬ҲΪ˵£ܹץ˱Ȼ򵥣ܿǿߣȻҲųħĸΪ
۳˼
аǱ֮ץߣ黹ýǱħץˣֻº롣
ֿʲô
ɫʵ
ԪɵṩϢºпǶ֮Ϊ磬ǿصķ壬Ҽǵõἰ¡
һİա
ץԪɵѵûԹ𣿡
Щˬô˵Ԫɵ߱ץԸвжΣ½һڵ۴ʵ̫ˡ
ϢŭֻԪɵί̽Ϣ֮һ¹ش£Ԫɵʮֹעɳڶǰĵۼ֣ǾһԪںɽ֮
۽͵
ðɣҪȥһˣҲҪ壬֪ںεط
ʵпɲָԪɵɳЩˣֻҪҵ˷壬Լȷںη
Ҳ֪ľطֻ֪ڶһ֮أܲǿؽƣڻδ֮̽ء
ʮε
ôص˵زѵûȥǵĵžڶ磬ȻҲ޷̽鵽壬ˡ
ЩΣһרѰ˵أĿıΪ򵼴ԼѰҷ壬֪ǾζԼһˡ
ֻܵͷЦҲ˵ˣܿȥȻҲ֪Լֻˡ
֮Уڽֵй䣬Щǵĸֵ̣һЩҩݵ˻һʱ䡣
ֱ뿪ǣ˺ܿõѶϢܿڳ֮ϣҲû뵽˵߾ߣֻܼټ˸ȥУѾ֪ټ
뿪ںһ괦䣬л治֪δȥѰҷ壬о۸ͼǾһæı
ͼϣעŸлвնأǣΨûбעķΧԣ˵ͼ޷֪ڵء
оһջ޷ȷĻΧЩˣһη˻˵ķա
磬㣬֪᲻ϢǸͲڶ磿
Ȳ²
ҲܣǿԲ󣬷ûҪصôȻ˵ڶ磬չЩġȱңæҵķɣ
Щյ˵
磬ų˵Ѱҷ壬ö˵֪ҲõϢأ
ԯ˵
ԣܲǲųϢǷҲ֪ǰ
æ˵
ͷȴֻЦЦֵ֧鲢ôȴùʲô
УҲħҲѰҷ䣬˷壬ħһҵ롣
Եħвʮа˾ƭԼģԼİѱԲȥ
ҲУҲУǾŷְɣ
Ƶ˵
ף취ҲС
ͷǷ֮أȴϵҲҪԼȥǣҲܻԼ
˶ЩĪȴһЦ⣬ԼԤ֮Ǳ۾Ժжʱһ档
ħһȻƭҵģûҵ䣬һν磬̵ɱ¾Ϊ¶棬ȻץסҪĶˡ
аʱѾ֪ħľλˡ
Ե֮أħѾУħĵۼȫˣһεһϡ
һħۣǶôֲ֣ЩħۻľӢһħ䣬Ժڣħ綼ʧȥ˽
ɽѾ֮УԪɵɵ۴ĻȣóΪħֵĶⶫħѡ֮ء
ħ֮ǰҵ֮ˡ
а
ĿôȻʲôãȻˣҲö˵һⲽҲЩ
ͷ߰ĲԶԯ⣬Ҳ֪ʲô
ԼĪһ֮Զǰһ£ȫ˺ڰ֮УĽʱȶѾ׼öˡ
ֻһڵˣһﾹȻһ˴
ȿЦߣȻûʲôֵȤ
˲δýƣԣǽڵ˺ܿɵĽˡ
ͻȻ˫ֻۣһۣжʱˣǷˣܲǷ֮ˣȴһʲôϢ
λѣôڱɽͷ
Ǻʵ˵
ȸ˵ȴʾֹסˣԯһΪͼˣ֪鷳ĶӵʲôΪ֪᲻ŵĻأ
λѣҵΪ֮أԲͣ˵ЪϢȻɽͷҸǸˣѲҪ˼ƽϡ
˵̬Ϊϡ
ʲô
̽һԷΪиˣԼ˶̸Էϼ˼ȻϵǸ
ðɣǸķϣԭ㡣ڿ뿪ˡ
˵һİ֮ɫȻ֪Էʲôˣֻ»ᱻ
ѣڣ
ֺȻһ֣˵뿪
˷ԶУѾ̽鵽Ǻƺˡ
磬ڸʲô˱һˣҪǴȥǱЦ
ʮֲʵ
Ƿ̽ǣҪǽɱˣҲԶ֮ˡ

Ŵͣô£ȴΪ֪Ƿˡ
磬ȻǷˣôϵھأ
Ҳ
ǹģҲҪܹݣģԻϵǵģǷɿһ㡣
˵ٷУ˵ٶȺܿ죬Ǹƴϲ˵ٶȣֻʧĵط̾
Ƭ̺˽һ˵ɽȣһΣר̽Χȷɽ֮ء
ԯɻأ֪ʲôɼȶûʣԯҲͱսͣͷ˼ڤ⡣
磬ǵķٶȣǸҪöܷأǾһֱȥ
ȼ
Ҷ㼱ʲôŰɣܿͻ
¶صЦ⣬ſԤ֮ˣȻд
»СҲ֪˶ϵǣеĴ󲿷˶ǶԷ֪ģԴη壬Ī⡣
а
һ֧ԶٷֱϲһɫĲɽ֮Уֱɽʯ֮С
ͷߣȡ
˵
ͷȡ򿪺첼ȴ涼ûУȫǿհ׵ģҲ֪١
ʲô˼
ȿЦʵ
հ׵ĺ첼ѵǽĳصı֮
룬Ȼ󽫰첼󴦡
磬ڸô죿ԽԽͿˣҵĸоȫǹŪ鰡
ԯҡͷ˵
ߣʲôϡŹֵ顣
ԤԼ˷֮أɶҲʱҲЩɻЩ֮˵ɶأ
һ·УʱͻȻƮһƬɫƣɫԵ˵Ĺ죬Ϊ֮Ŀ
죬ϵƬ֮
ԼٶȳǰУҲѸٸϡ
˵ִʱƬɫѾʧڿУ·һɽɽۼ˲֮ˣЩҲǿɫƣѸٸ˵صġ
ΪȻһɽͷʱһ˵Ҳסһ첼ʱصһЦȻ㳯һȥ
鷳
εĸ˹ȥһʱ˽ĺ첼һͷͷûҲ֪Ǻ˵֮ء
첼˷Ĺߵ֮ѾԶȥû׷֪ԷָԼȻġ
磬ѵҪڷأ
ʵ
ɣұͿˣڷʲôϵ
ԯЦ
ڼɻ֮ʱǷĹͻȻζʱһֻ־ȻӷĹо˳ֻȫֻʣ¹ͷ
ѽ
ԯеĶ󣬶ҡҡͷ黹ԽԽˡ
һ˴ӷĹ˳յۿˣȻһץסǺ첼ȱ㳯ǰȥ
ޱȵĹ죬ʶ̽飬øͲ֮߱壬˵˾һ˼Ŀܣǣȴܹ硣
һʱóһɽ֮أڽӽһ޴ɽʯʱͻȻĵ˵ϣ˲ѳĹͷţһķ紵õĹͷҲɢ롣
ʯͷʲô⣿
̽һûзʲôȻһȭɽʯ֮ϣɽʯ飬Ȼ¶һ
ҵˣ
һ˽봫У˸߳󣬷־Ȼ˶ԵشԶħͨפء
߳󣬴ʧԶħҲЩסˣ嵽ڸʲôѵҪԼ˽Щħȫɱ
֪ħУϵħۣңЩȫ֮Уһ˿Ǿ֮ء
һħʮֺˣΪ֣֮лһħĸ֣Ĵ£ħۿԷӶôǿʵҲ޷顣
һħֲ÷âҲûĿԹƣϾħۣ˵лдĵڸ֡
ǱȥȥҲֻĽࡣ쳷
ûô嶯˷ٵԶԶħӪ
һ˼ʱ˷ɽ棬ʱȻַһߴӵˡ
ˣǻ磬ǲ˰ɣЩҲ̫ϲŪˡ
߬ȭͷ޲һȭú顣
˸ãҵһ󣬵â˳һݵϣ⴦ݵޱ޼ʣҰڲݵϱš
ԭҼǵöͼϣûôĲԭ
аһ´˵ص֮вЦˣԭǷĵ֮һ⣬طпܱǷΧ֮ء
䣡
һȭڲݵϣʱһԲɵӣ֮кܿ˵ˮ
̫ˣֱǹŪ顣
ĺʮӣĶΧҰĴӣԯҲˬˣһţӡ
գҲֹ˵Ϊͷ򰲾һݵϣһ˼顣
ķ֮ˣǸ۹
һķȻ֮ɫ
ȥԶϧȴ˻ӦһƬԭȻڽ֮УҲʮΣҪŪ飬Լûʲô취
߲ʷ˵ϣˣ
аΪҲ߲ʷˣԼҲƾԷڲӣͽǴ·Ķɱ˽
׼ǰʱԶȻڼˣ⼸һ֣ͬʱħ


1889 һ
ȻعͷǡÿˣвɰЦʱȻħ۳֣ġ
磬ЩһβǶģȥɱǡ
Ȳ˵
ȥɣ
ͷʱɲ뽫ȱﻵˣȰȥʹʹĴɱһ
ȻûϹȥ˵мֶˣвɰħɲ١
һ̽ȷֶʮ˾ӵеڵΪȵĶҲЩˣôħ۳ڴ˵أ϶ʲô¡
ʮħۣͬʱһᣬֹͣǰҲ֪ЩħʲôҲЩȣ֮ǰԤпûЩħۡ
ˣӦħ£ÿӵħʥʵ
ͷæѵħۣͷֻҪһ۱Բ³Էʵ
ʮħʥĸ֣ҲδػǵĶ֡
ԯȻ
ȣ
æ˵Ҳ֪ʱǳܵʱǺܿ˻
ֵǣԷʮħҲֻǸȡᣬȻѸٵķڵϣ֮ʮŹâӿ֣ЩᾹȻγһֱһɵԲη塣
ˣǾᴫͨķʽɴԱ͡
ͷٵѵ
ʮ󣬰һԴ㣬ǸһԱԴʮħۣöԷɴֻͣħһΪǿ
ֹǡ
δ䣬ǸᴫͬʱҫɫĹâʮħƾնʮħ۵ļ룬һ󷨽ʮ
ˣǿ쳷ˣУǿԵӵģǲǶ֡
ͷ߽ŵȰΪһϹ֮ħͷߵľʮַḻȻſڿӡ

ֻһ̽飬㷢ֵħۣΪʮǿħ綥Ǵľˡ
˳Զ޷Уʱӵһ㣬пܻᱻħ׷
ֱӵԭƵıԵ֮أ˲ŲòͣΪʮֵǿڷ״̬±赲ˡ
磬ǲ壿ħı
ȿЦ
ϻ˵쿴ܷԽƣ
ʱͣϾħɲģôħ̫ǿˣɽˣֻҲԵס֧ǿħӡ
ͨƣȴ˻ͷߴʱҲ޷ǿͨƣԯһαˡ
Զسħ֮˵ӰЩ˾ȻԾǰƽҲοЦԼԴ͸ƣָôأ
ħĽƽԵһĪչһôǻۣҲܵģʱ
Ѿ׼ħһսʱǽͻȻһֻֻ֣оȻסĸŽâ塣
ֺֻܿʧڵϣʱ̼һöҲ׷׸Լ塣
϶ܰ뿪ƣҿ
˵ǰһ壬Ȼĳ֮⣬֮Ҳ˽ơ
ԭ֮һɫ˵Ĵɽɽ֮ﻨ㣬ʢʻǣȴûԴ˵ص
ǿ
һ۵ŮͻȻߣȻ󼱴ٵ˵仰
Ǻˣ
ʵȻ͸ߡ
ʱˣ㻹ǺˣһẦ𣿡
Ůʮֲм˵
˵ˣǸ߸ģǲҪȡ
Ҳϻ֮˹Ū飬ҪŪԼ˵˶Եˣôħ
ѵǸˣ
вţȻ˳һطȥ
дǿ߲ʷ˵ϣҲùǡ˵һ飬Ҫ߲ʷˣǾͿ
ŮһţݺݵĶƺЩ
߲ʷˣ
ȻʵôԼɴδ߲ʷˣ˵ԼĶˣΪǰһ̫ꡣ
Ůû˵ֻǵͷ
ŮղʲôԵĵطǸŮС˹ԽԽ
ųõЦ⣬˵ҲȫˣŮҲһ㶣û뵽תô

ŮһЦɫ΢΢죬ƺĻ˵Щ˼ˣЦЦ㻹ܻ˵ãҾͲˡҪ߲ʷˣھ͸
ãҸߡ
Ȼ΢ЦţʱԯĺһܿŮӡ
ǷŮһԯԵĵһۣȻתߣԯŭҪνɱ˵ĳ嶯ˡ
ԯãϢŭħںǧˡ
ȻȰ֪ԼЦ˵϶Ӽŭԯ
ԯټ棬Ǳͷǿаסеŭ𣬺ݺݵƳһǸƨ
ʱЩˣϣзǳںˣڼüʱܲ
ͷߣ㿴ͷǲең
ʮʵ
ˣˣͷһ㶼Ұ
ͷҡͷЦ
һ㶼ңǿɲУ̫ҲǺ¡УҵýͷŪһ㣬Ÿ糾͵ĸо
仰֮⣬һ׷û뵽˷ɧһ档
꣡
ǰ·ŮҲЦˣ˳ʮϵĽƣЩƽʮǿ󣬾ЩħһʱҲ޷Ƴơ
̫ˣ
ԯȴװûŷ֮ʱͷһЩȻɽӣͣŷͣȻϵսҲ仯ĿʽȲЦ
ͷͬһĳ㣬˴ȰҲ֪ΪʲôͷߺоԼˣԼһ㣬ָоþͷԼҲһ
ԯǸᰡ޷ݣ޲òȥˣһ˶Էأ⵱˱ˣ˰
ҵҪǸŮ˵жôȻʧ̬
ԯҧ˵
һɽ֮󣬼˿ʼУʱԯԼߣڷִغһ߲ʷ˳Դô죡
һȻ֮ͣԯһԯĪ֪ʲôΪһŮˣȴЩ졣
磬ʲô
ԯܵ˫ֻɷٺٵЦ⡣
ģԯ֪ȥʲô˵ġҿɲ뱻ᣬԣܲܰҸæ
׺Ц
ԯаãɿǲõЦ⣬ǵֲסȻɵɵʵҪʲô˵ɣ
ԱһͲˡ
ˡ
á
·ķŮӱΪ׵ˣԽʮȤˣѹǸ߲ʷ˻
ȥ
ԯˣһȭ
嶯嶯ħ
ֻʱҪǺ򶷣Ҳᱻˡ
ԯҲǺһȭҪˣϺͮͮģȴǱġ
ֵȵߣȣֵһæһͷһðŮˣô
СǲǷˣСǰֺãҲ˺ԯҲϵġУҲϵģҾܾ顣
ȴһ㶼ͬʱ
ΣһƯŮȥ߲ʷˣ̫ˡ
Щ
ԯãղŴ˵ղǸ㿪ЦģϣܺһðŮˡ
ȴյԯߣ˵
ԯˣһ죬ϱֱҡͷ
ԯãҲ㣬ʱҪƤһ㣬Ӵһ㣬ȥסҾͲ˦ĸ첲㼸Уһ޶ϵҪӦ㣬ѰѰģŮˣԲ˺ѵġҪץŶ
˵꣬һĨЦ⡣


1890 һ޶ϵ
ԯԽˣʱһ仰Ҳû˵Ϊ֪֪ΪԼãǣ̵ķЧǲ̫޳һ㡣
ԯЩԥȸϽĳȴˣڴԯȴǷŮ˵Ż
Ӣѹ˹ذ
ͷͷȵɿΪ룬ûи
ΪڰԼοԯƳһֻۣԯߵЦ⣬вɰϲֻҪһ᲻Լңһоͺܺˡ
˿쵽еɽʱԯڹ첽ߵߣҲûӦʱԯȻסԼֱۡ

鲻ԽľһȻûŪԯС˵ֱϣ⵹оԡ
ԯڸʲô
ȵʵ
㲻ϲֱ𣿡
ԯֱ׳ص˵ҸЦ⡣
ŮһͷһĻͣס˽Ų¶˷߿ЦȻŮ
ɶѵ֪߲ʷ˵ô࣬ΪʲôҪһŮʱ˺
ŮԽԽŭ͵Ļͷ˵ԭ·ذɣ߲ʷѾˡ
ȫǸᣬҽ͡
˵ԯֱۣȴ˺ܴû÷ŮӲЦ
ѽҵҪһﻹܽͳʲô
ŮӲм˵ɱĳ嶯
ԯ֣ҿɾˡ

ɣѵ˵һ˫ʱ˵Ļ˵ᱣһһ㶼𣿡
ԯȵķ˵ЩжʱʮֲɫԽԽ죬ԽĻȴš
ŶѾֹϵˡɶ쵰߲ʷˣȥɣ
ŮӴŭҲͣٳǰȥܹһսλʱͻȻʧӰ١
׷ȥʱ޷̽鵽ǷŮӵټ첲ԯţвŭˡ
ԯ㵽ʲôſңѵļһ
ȵ£ʲôûԯ˵ǻˣԼҲͻᶯɱ
Ҳ֣ɱң
ԯҲС˵֮ʱôŮᣬְ

ͷ̾ʱƳһۣȶʱаͷ֪Լԯˡ
Ұɣ
Щȷ֪ҪǱˣɲԼȻصĺҲǱѵһ٣ԣǿԳܵġ
Ǻǣԯãˡٿޣ粻ģҿˡ
æȰ
˻һȣǻۣȻ²ԭڣֻǶȿ˼ۣбȷκ˽


1891 Ů
ȣ죬ĺ¡
ҡҡͷȻΪȼƽϣ룬ȽԯȰΪֹ
ǣûü˵ԯѾɽɽֱĲϣһ
ԯǿ󣬿ǣԼ֣ȻǿɱԼģһ϶̸Ź˼ɡ
ɽɵĴƤ֮УԯѾ˲ΧķǰƤ˵ɫѪҺԯǼϷĶԼŲˣѾʹɱԼȻ֮Ա
ԯã㲻İɣ
ȽŵʵԯҲʶһʱ䣬ѾһȻĿģĿ˶ԴԼ
ҵʲôΪʲôҪҡ
Ц£Լô죿ΣգǣֻҪԯɱԼ治ס
ҪҪҲˣƫƫʱΣ֪ôȰԯ
ԯȷ½лú˵
оԼ˵ĻȫûӪ˵һϻ
Ҳ½һ㶼ںңǾˡ
ԯ飬һ뵽˵ؼ˵̬ȣԼԼ̬ȣжʱʹ
ôں㣿
ճڣʱЩˣ仰߲ʷˣǻԼ
㵹˵˵ôںˣ
ԯ׷ʵˮۿдת
ðɣȻҪѰѰһ
˵꣬жһذ
Ҫɱ
ͷ߱һʱݺݵĵȣȻû뵽ֳ˵ײԼǺˣ
ιǶˡ磬һͷҲΪᣬô˽𣿻Уԯʿɶֹˣɽ
æȰͷû˵ֻʣ¿Ц
ȴ磬һҲи顣ͷߣԲҲˡ
ԯд˾пܣϣһͬȥ
ȥҲŲԸأϹ˵ˡ
ȴ
ԯ㲻ö˵ǸҵϢϢأ˻ѡҾԲаԹԡ
ͷߵ̬Ǻܺãл治ľ߻ΪһŮ
Ա𣿡
ԯѾ˱֮ġ
кβң
Ҳŭˣֻʩչ֮Ա϶Բܶˣǣʱĳ嶯ˣԱ
ǣ˽ĶǰһȻȻĸϣʧˣʹȥܺúûȥ
˻˵꣬Ѿ侲룬ԼⲻĪ𣿾ΪԯԼҪ֮ԱҲ̫ˡ
ˣҵˣŮô죿ΪһˣȥûôԲаɣ
аԼղſǿºˣԯȻѡ֮ԱԼƺҲѡ
Ѿ׼ˣʱʩչ֮Ա
ޱ˵ڴԯй۵ĸı䡣
磬ʱ䰡һԶԶû׼á
ȴ˵Ҳ֪ǲľ֮ԱЩɡ
ģԲġ
ͷ˵ʱԯͬھˣǲʮ޴Ϊ
ԯһеηȴ뿴ЩΪԼȥղ֮Լֻ뿴ûԼͬ
һû׼ã
ԯ˻һ˶һҲаϲɱȴû˿ı仯
ԯ˵׼ˣҲ취ʱı⣬ο˵û׼أ
˵ⲻǾΪ
˵Ա̨¡
ԯشֻһСŮӣǾӡ
ԯ㻹ҪЮңһʱʩչ֮ԱȻ㲻ǾͷԶһ㣬һǲı뷨
˵ҲԼЩ޳ܣôܸ㶨ԯأ
ͷ߾ͨʣʱ⣬ǾͰ׻ˣҲɵӣʱҲϷ
֮УΨԯڹΪҪʩչ֮ԱżˣæȰ磬֪ˣҲҪЮˡ
һԯ̫ˣջǱˡ
а̾òֶΣȻһ޶ϵŮ˸㶨ˡ
㲻Ȱˣˡ
ıݼһȫġ
ԯҲ֪ôȰһ£ƺʱʩչԱʱȥķŮӺء
һôСһھʩչ֮Ա˵ĸ𣿡
Ůӷŭ˵
Ϊ뱻ᣬҲŻߴ˾·
תͷŮӣʱкһ˵Ϥ
ˣ߲ʷˡ
Щˣû뵽ԼŮ˽ǰԼȴûϳֱǲˡ顣
ô֪ԭأɵˣ
Ůʮַŭ˵ʱˣղŵǸŮӣԼȷʵʶʱķŮӣȻղǸŮһģһ߲ʷˣȫԿ϶ġ
Ը߲ʷ˶еϢַ֪ıòǣϢȴ޷ȫס
ðɣ
̾˿ǷŮӡ
ĵŮӵ͵һĶƺŻһԼ
͵ſ˫ۣǷ㶵ķŮ˻У˵ľУıס˻еŮӣȻ촽
ŮֻһƬѣΣôû뵽ȻϳԼڻУָо˵
ʲôܲ
˵Ϊϴˡ
ճɾ
ͷȴЦ
ԯ״סˣô벻·ķŮ⵽ô£
СҶԲ㣬õˡ
ˮ˵
Ů߲ʷˣʱѾ涣΢΢һЦѾѸٵĸı䣬һĻԯҲ׹ŮҪҵˡ
겻߲ʷԽ͸˵ĸ߹󣬾ԯȣҲѷɫ
磬ڼˣҸоΣ
߲ʷ˼˵
ⲻΣʵ
Ц˵ˣоʮֵʵ
˾ʱһԯ֪Լ鵽ôˣ֪߲ʷ˵ģʱҲΪеˡ
߲ʷƿȻЦЦλҵѾΪ׼˾硣
ͬʱлЦЦǣ߲ʷ˵С֣һһ˷Ĵڴ֮УſڵĶŮʩ񣺡
СǷĹ
Цû뵽߲ʷ˷֮󣬻Ļܲ幫ɲʲô˶Եġ
磬ȡЦˣߣҴȥŮ
߲ʷЦȻŶǰһ̻Ի͵Ĵ
֮ϵıϣһŮӶţԱߣһŰˣЩ˽ӵо֮òҲɴ˫ۣû뵽御۵ļƷŮ
λ
һŮ΢ЦдˣŮȻҲӵеۼڵΪвɸ̾ʵ
лл
˵ȴδǹֵμŮԼλǰ
Ҳͬʱʩһڷַ׷΢ЦĹֻ
Ů˴һȻЦ延ӭλǰС㻹ʶ
߲ʷæͷȻЦŸ˽ܷĳЩ峤ûʲôӣһ׷״λڷŮĴ£̨ף˽վһ
̽ЩֵΪֻƾо֪ǶѾﵽ˶Ϊ߲ʷҲﵽ˵ڵΪ
˵֧֣ô򵥣Ҳɽ磬ѾﵽʲôΪǿǸδ֪ˡ
аʶһŷ߲ʷˣҲֻʮ֣ЩŮûжٵڵĸ֡
尲˾磬߲ʷ㣬˼ǳֹԯͷŮԼҲֵܱ̫ˡ
ú󣬷Ϊ˰ס߲ʷһͬ˷幬
ֳ˷幬ɽ֮ƣ˾ͬһɾ£ʱ̲סʵС˵֮ץߣǲǷΪ
˭˵ģôǷأ
߲ʷĹĵ˵֮ŽЦ⡣
Сĥˣ˵ɣ
֪Сװס
ţǵģ¶ˡЩ꣬һֱڴ̽Ϣ֪ӺҾȽˡھ׼ȥ㣬УɲԹһ㡣
߲ʷ˵ͷ˵
Сãһ
޼ɵ˵ʮ˷ܣû뵽ȻѾ߲ʷȣҲ˵ǸħĻȫֻвԼûô¡
ˡͬãϣ㣬ҵĹϵΪҪãҲֻ˭أڱ֣Ҿʹȥ㡣
߲ʷЦ˵
ðɣͶȥ
ּ͵ĳ嶯
˳зȥûɶã뼸ƺ󣬶һµסס֮Ů
̽оȻжڵĸ֣ҲǵڵΪвɷ֮ǰԷĿ
ǿǿưһھ˵ԶԶľͿһˣʱԼ
һʯϣŬʱȴЩ񲻶ϵĴҲЩƣԴӱ߲ʷ˴˵غв֪ԼǶôС
߲ʷˣѾﵽ˶ΪԼȴֻǿĴﵽɵ۳ڵΪ
ɵ۳ڵΪҲ߲ʷ˰˴æĽԣԼ̫ˣԴӷ֮󣬼еʱ䶼ϡ
㣬㿴˭ˣ
߲ʷ˻Цź
ЦЦһתͷסˣ
ಣ
˲ˣֱӵڵǿ麮ʯϣʱоȥ֮ã뵱ԼЩЦ
ԼΪͳˣȴ޷棬ԼҲ֪㲻ʱ໥ţ¶кֿ
߲ʷ˺޵ĳ嶯ĬĬĽŹغãȻ뿪ˣػŮ˵
ĬĬĶţ˶û˵Ǵʱʤкܶ໰˵
лһУ΢ЦĻУȻȻ˫ֻס˼ŶԷС
ʱֹͣˣһԳһ硣
߲ʷ˵ЩȻʧЦ죬һЩʧ䣬оԼи˸õĽһ
˺ÿʲô˰
һЦ˵
ĺǶ빫ʮֵİ䡣
һҲЦ
߲ʷǷصĹͬʱҲЩǳݵĶˣ˶Ϊ߲ʷ˵ˡ
ллǣֻ˵һ֮ˡ
߲ʷǿջЦ
һ֮ˣֻǣѵ͸˷֮𣿡
һΪ߲ʷƽ
õĽãȻ
߲ʷʮֿ϶˵һ㣬ûκʵģֻǸеЩʧˡ
Ȼڻпɲô룬ΪʵΪǧҲۼڣΪĻܴﵽǾӢǲһп
ڼ֮ʱȴ˳˾ֱ˼ˣ΢΢һЦֵҴлλŮľľػллˣ
Цʮֲãֻ֮ŮӣŮʱЩѳֲסһĻ
磬㣬ôˣ
߲ʷɻʵ
ѽ
ͬ˵߲ʷ˲һŮȴͬʱЦѣ߲ܿʷ˺ã˵Ȼϲּ֮
߲ʷ˻ûŪȴСѾץУһǣһˣһЦ⡣
磬㡣
߲ʷӵ˵ȻЩ˼
λŮǵˡ
Ц
ŮҲ뿪Ļɲ߲ʷæͷŮǣǿȥˡ
ټ
˵ƤЦ鲻ԽĶ࿴һۣɲҶ࿴ˣΪԱ߾жŮһ˳ԴˣԼǳԲ˶ߡ
ŵɽͷ뻳Уӵұ£Ůʮֵĸӣ˶ǼΪҪõĽãҲûôΡ
ɽͷһ£Ȼ㿪ʼ֮ǰ£һֱĵʱ˰ҹ
һ¡죬ʱ߲ʷ˲˵磬ħ֮˻ĺȻϵĽƸǿˣǿϹŷֲõĽơ
ϹŷֲõĽƣѹôˣ˵ħ治ģ˭ҪǷŪ飬Ƕܣ󷴶ħٶ
Ц
Ů´ģҲ֪Ҳʮصģ˽صأȻҪСΣֻܹǧ㣬ȴû㵽ħԵɣȥɣŮܿټǡ
߲ʷ˻䣬һŮٶ
Ů빫ٻش
ŮӱϹϾ˵
ߣ
Ҳܶο飬һһǣţȻͬɣܿ㵽˴֮⡣
֮⣬ʱŮȻа֮࣬ЩҲﵽ˵ۼΪлвӵеڵΪ
˽ֻ֮мŮȻǷľҲһվš
˵Ľ룬˶Ϊ֮һ㶣ŮҲɫǣŹҲͰˣȻǣһŮӵ֣ŮֻеۼڵΪΪǸġ
ԯһ㶣ȻǣŶŮӣһԼδģԯвɰġ
̫ˣҲڷ塣
˷ܵ˵

ԯˣŮҲ½ʶģǸʶķŮӡ
õĹأɻǵã
ŮƳһۣʵ
߲ʷ֮ǰδ룬Ҳ˲䣬ĹأǣԼѾˣҲǣ֣Լ˶ѡ


1892 Ը
Ůǵôء
߲ʷ˵ͷ˵
Ȼ֪α֪ǷĹ㡣ǣôߣɱ⡣
Ů͵ĺȵ
֪Ĺأ֪Բһͬ룬Ѿ룬˳ȥҲԵЩˡ
Ҳ׹ԭ廹ֹأΪ⣬ʲôԭߣ߲ʷǷĹԼʱǣ֣ŮȻΪԼ˳ͷ
Ů֪ˣԸκγͷŮŹ㡣
߲ʷ˵ͷ˵֪ŮʮϧԼȻԼ
ߣ㣿ѵԼǷĹΨһĹôԳƺһۼڵŮΪ㣬÷֮˸ô룿һۼڵŮˣҲʸ㹲ͬ𣿡
Ůŭһڷ峤ҲʮֲãϾ߲ʷǷ壬飬˺γûأ
Ů£ʱΪֻнɳڣѾﵽڵΪŮµб׼ĵֻʸûУΪʲôŮҪأ
߲ʷ뽲˵Ůǣ⻰˵ȴζŽƱ硣
ȨɣŮĻɣʱͬʱм峤Ժǳ⣬ŮҲŭˣ߲ʷ˲֪ô֣ȴһҲ顣
ӵзѪͳɲ˿Աȵġ㲻Ϊ˵ûˣУ۷ߣһɱ⡣
Ů˵̡
߲ʷ˾˵أδŮʱŷǴڣ߸ϵķŮһҲƲԼ
ƾʲộҲ
˵ǷŮ
˵ǷĴƾʲôأƾʲôƾòѵеķŮӶ𣿡
ŮЦ
ŮҲԼзŮǣҾŮòʵĶ
˵
ЦȻԼòţѵƾʵһɵۣŮ֮У˭Ķ֣
Ůʵ
֪ҵΪȷŮСǣǻǲֲ֪ܶܽ˭Ҳܽûаɣԣǵý
ҲҪĹ
㣬˵ˣ
߲ʷæȰ֪ŮԿĺǻܲҡ
㻹ڳƺΪ㣬𣿡
Ůŭָ߲ʷ˵
Ů֪ˣŮһɣ
߲ʷ˹ִ˵޷Լֽ
ʼգû˵ֻǾţ߲ʷ˵֮ʱ޹ʱвΪ̡֮
ڣ¶ˡ
Ůʼն۲ı飬ȴһҲ̬仯Χ鶼޹ء
ŮͬʱˣЩŮӵΪɲڷŮ׼߲ʷ
ס֣
һʱͷ̳һֻҪһ£巭Ҳں
£ȴԯҲæȥ˽ģȻһġ
ɲĻ׼ǿ¶ʱЦСôסǡ
ͷס˶ԯסˣ廤ͬʱ˷Ů
˭ҶǶˣɱۡ
˵꣬ſ˶˵֣Ѿɽ
޹أҪ֡
Ůڵ
޹أ
ЦָŮҾǷŮԭΪǸ֮ˣǣҷִˣһ֮ˡҵŮˣɱɱģΥ˴ĹأΣΪƾŮݿ۸ҵȣҾͲ
磬㲻ɶԷŮ񡣡
߲ʷд󾪣ô벻˶ԷŮ˵ȻҪ
ŮŭЦȵȻԱǾͱֱˣǡ
ߣ
ֻһһ֣˱Ѿ
ʱһз֮˸е𾪣ͷѾٶʩչħһͷħɢǿƣĶҲɶһۡ
磬ô˳嶯˷Ů롣
߲ʷץˣʱҲ֪Щʲôȫ֮⡣
ҷˣд
Ůһ۱㿴ͷߵǿʵһ̷֣֮˹ȥȴ֮󣬻Ϊ˱塣
˱һϲǣڷ屾ǿͷ仯ħ屾Ҳ¶˿־֮ɫ
һ֮Ȼ־壬ͷҲԵЩΣķ屾ȻԼħĿǣҪ屾壬ʵ̫ˡ
֪һʮǿߣֻʮ˲ӵз屾壬ȻֻĲ²⣬ЩҲз壬ͲŮߵ˳ˡ
ͷʮֵΣڱԷˣԼҪܶԷħǲˡ


1893 ɽ
屾£ͷ߱α壬Ȼ˫ڿдʹϹħ
Ȼͷδؾͻ䣡
а
Ϲħ
Ůôû뵽ʹϹħЩħǿԶԸ屾ģ˵ԷʹħרŵĿƷ塣
ͷ߲δȳ֣ʱʩչħר˴۱壬Ը屾壬ȴҲǿԵġ
ԯֱԸһˣϲ֣ĬĬĸΧı仯ȻǷŮҪ棬Լȥ
СֻҪߣҽߡ
ŵЦ߲ʷ˲ʹӦ
ǷĹҪߣҲõŮͬ⡣
߲ʷǿסеĳ嶯ʵ˵
ҵŮˣߣõŮͬ⡣
ǿ߲ʷ˴㶵ŮԽԽջǲһƣΪԼ޵ˡ
ڴʱ¡ըħľӾȻֹһϹŽƣٶȵԽԽˡ
Ůټ˹̿ħ֮µģȴϷչΪ˫ţһսֻ»ᱻħֳɵıˡ
ס֣ħ֣㻹ʱĺܲҡ
ŮоȽħ壬ȻԸһˡ
ħ磬ַ壬ŮкθϵۿɲǷ֮ˣбҪ㹲ħ𣿡
˵⻰ŮҲŭˣǻ˵Էû˵ֻǵʵ̫ˡ
ߣæǺãԳ֣Ƚɱˡ
ŮϹȥŭ
Ů£ֻǿЦѣħ嵱ǰǸӦֻбħơ
Ц˵ŮɫҲ˲١
ãŮô֮£²Ϊ
Ů˼ò
лŮ²ɱ֮
̹˵ղżֱˣŮҲҡҡͷ
Ů£
߲ʷ˵
Ůһۣ۰֮ɫЦЦǷĹ˴ܹ֪ˣɣ
߲ʷ˵л˹ȥŮͬԼİŮһ㣬߲ʷ˵ǳ谮мӡ
һƽϢˣȻû뵽⵽ôƽϢģ쭣ǲôƽϢ
磬ллң
м˵
˵ﻰϣҶȻκ۸㣬ĺˡ˭۸㣬Ҿͺ˭ƴ
һһٵ˵ͦǹ˵Ůġ
ΪĺˣҲӵдм䣬屾Ϸ屾壬ǽżƣԣŮʵǿһЩҲδػԼĶ֣֮ôֱ巭أ
ŮҡҡͷвɰԸ̾ܽڷ壬Ǿ̫ˣмУһ壬߷츳ŮͬʱŮҲĳЩŵ㡣
ɽ֮УѾŵ·ŮӣΪ˱֤Ѫͳĸ߹󣬷ŮҲӣҲ÷һֱڸλֱ߲ʷ˵ĵڴﵽλ
ЩĻЩҲǿͨģֻЩ˷壬Ҳӵи߹ķѪͳʵҲԶԶķ塣
ˣħƽѾǵļϹŽƣò˶ãҲִΪ˷ҫȥħһսǿɷ׼ˣ
ŮȻ˵гη壬ҲɰߣǻֻѾŷˡ
ŮΪ˷ҫʱ׼š
Ůͬʱȵ
ŮΪ˷ҫ廤Ҳʱ׼š
Щ廤Ҳͬʱ
Щɣϵħ۴սƾЩˣǵĶ
ǷԸ뺴ҫһս
Ůʵ
Ը⡣
Ļش÷ŭӣ⻰ʵ̫ˣȻŮĻ
ûмǴǰ˵ҪֶԿħ𣿴ʱΪαԣ
Ůƺϰ񣬵ûΪ
Ůϣܣһȥ˵ˣûзѪΪҪҫأ
Ц˵һҲ˼˵ĸܡ
ڽһĶȵˣҲпľףƺûн嵱һ£ŮûзС
Щˣֻϼķ֡
Ůһڻ׷׸˵ĳ˴
ܿ죬ֻʮˣһˣ⻹֮¡
ŮȻЦЦĹǲ£
ǣ
ѾµŮĻɻֻܳǡ
ȻˣҲȻҷĺֻ֮ʮˣǸԲߡϷ𣿡
ŮĨǵʵ
ŮңҵȻݺ⡣Ůлֱ˵˹Ĩǡ
Ц˵
Ůҡҡͷ˵ħ󣬺ų֮ڣѵ㱻ǵŵˣҿɲǵС֮ˣνͣ
һ˵ŮԲӣħųħۣȴǻ˵ģȷȷʵʵħۡȻһħһɢɳη壬ǣħӵǿ쵼ʱǽγһɿǰǿǰҲΪ赲ǣҲʶֱ㿴ǡ
ħۣȻ˵ǲˡħУﵽΪж٣ѵᳬһǧ𣿾һǧ˴ﵽڵΪɵڵж٣һˣҲûаɣҷӵһʮʵƾҷʮ֣㹻һڵĸ֡οҷ廤УﵽۼΪҲʮˣжʮѾﵽΪ÷û㹻ħ𣿡
Ů
ǺǣȻԾͿɶԸħֺ֣ҵ̣
ʼ˵һν̬ȡ
ˣҲ֮ˡ
Ůѵ
ðɣҪ˵һˣ˵һȫĵطħҪռ磬һɽĵƣȹһʱ䣬˴ʱǼ뵽˵ľУʱӵдħʵڣ治ΪԵֵǵĽ
Ůȫ෴һսһӡ
ԵʮһҲ˵һħ㲻ʲôһħɵľӣǾ̫ˡǵħӶѸٵķΪǿĶΣǵĶ֮лУ˾ӣֱ޵еĴڡ
Ԥ⣬ħֻۣ»ǲҰ֣֮Ƕܾ֣֮Ȼһֽ֣档
߲ʷԨԴ㲻ϣħʱҪ˵Է治һ׵顣
˵ҲмֵɣսС߰ɣ
Ů̾˿硣
ŮҪһ𡣡
߲ʷ˲˵
㶼˵ˣһҲհô
ЦЦ߲ʷ˹
ãֻҪѪڣҵȫսҲڡ
Ů˵ȴ֤һ£ǾħҲ޷ܷ塣
߲ʷ˻Ҫ˵ȴŮŮԴ˽˹еĵңͨĴ
ڷŮߺ߲ʷʵ磬Ůֵܴħ𣿡
Ҳܰɣ
Ҳȷˣƣħָ࣬һսֻ»ǷսܵĿԸһ㡣
߲ʷ˼תԯͻȻڵ磬磬ȥǰɣ
ȥҲŲȥѰ·
˵ȴͦԯ
磬˵㣬ħģȴ÷ܣҪǴȥǻᱻЦġ˵ˣȫŮôཿεεŮĿҪǱħ֮ץסˣɲ밡
Ҳ˵
Ȼ룬ͱˡŮץס޷ҲͰæһħӣʲô
˵߲ʷҲЩ㶵·ʱʮֵİ
磬ҲҪȥæͬãѣӦæ
Ҳ˵
ͷҡҡͷȴǲҶ˵ֻʱ׼ţһԼһɱȥ
Ƕ侲嶯ɲǺ¡
˵Ȼ˾ͷߡ
к⣿
ͷ߿˼ȻлҪ˵
Ϲ֮ħħ֮˱ǶҪ˽⣬÷һεĳǵĶ𣿡
ʮʵҪжͷԼĻشж
ˣڵ˽⣬Ҿħӵаٷ֮ٵʤ㡣Ƿ巢ӳǿսҲԻἫħ۵Ҫħ쵼ħۣһǾÿԷǳ֮СûС
ͷ߷ɵͷԼķ޶
ԣе㲻ţ߲ʷˣ޲̾ȥæǶڴ˵׼ܡ
ͷߣҲ룬֣ԴЩħ𣿡
ʮںͷߵķ
ˣһ룬˵Ĵ£ǽΪһ֧ǿϺãӦмʤġͳ˧ˣܶԷļҲΪõҲֻʤ㣬Ҫ״ЩħۣǻҪ֣Ҫӳ顣
ͷߵķҲЦԼϵʤ㲻㣬ԲߵģǷŮҪΪάҫӲƴħˣ⻹治Ϊ
߰ɣһ֮ǲǶ֣ǾͰܡ
ϵ˾ʵ֮ǰҲû׼ܣֻϣܹ֪Ѷ˶ѡ
˶¶Ц⣬ŮݵҲٵĲµ봫뿪
Ҵ·Ҹߡ
߲ʷæ˵˺ܿ˹֮⣬ʱ֮Ѿ˿أ֮ҲûһӰ
ɽȥһƬƽԭشԼɼ˵ӰڸԶĵطʱ¡֮Ȼ˫ûֱӵĽ֡


1894 ˽
ǰɣŮѡƽԭ֮ħ֮ӲƴҲ̫˰ɣ
еɽҲϹŽƣֻܲɽ
ɽǰһƬأԶ֮һƽԭ֮һΪںҲϹŽƣҲһϹŽƣ˵֮ô֣ЩϹŽƲ޹ϵ
˷ܳϹŴ֮⣬һǰʱŮƺҲµǰȻ͸սλá
֮˼ҲʮЩԼĪңСķͽʹȥһ֮ء
ַûв󷨣ֻԷŮΪף˷ңһЩڵĻԽ⣬廤ΪԽС
ô˵źãĵʵǿӺʵĲҹά
̾˿ŮЦѾµȵħǰĶϹŽƺǽڴ˵Ǿһս
Ŷ֪Ůΰһսģ
ɫʵ
һΣ彫ֵħʱҪսȵţǷսܣûҪμһսġ
Ů
ΣǵԤӰȥŮôģѵ֤ʵ𣿡
кʱֻܵͷǡ
ǹսȥ
ʮֲɼѾӦˣҲͲö˵ʲô
߲ʷҪսȴŮܾˣ߲ʷ˽ǷδŮա
֪æǣЩħʮײУµʱս޷㡣
˵
֪ԼΪǲˣǿǵۼΪֻΧЩһȽϣԼˣ˵ħй˵ħۣб֪Լȴ㣬ﲻæΪ׸
ңҲ㡣
ʮε˵ʱ򣬼طеĳ嶯
û£ҿԱġֻǣҪһطͬ𣿡
˵пɲ˿˺
ţ
ɵĵͷ
ЦЦʧ˿У÷֮˷׷׶֪ʹʲôķ
Ů£ĺܶΪԶԶս£µɵۣ޷ԿԷħۣ磬Ұ㽫Ǵȫĵطأ
ֱ˵Ϊ˱ʧ
Ů룬ͷʾ⣬һħȻҪܽЩΪµתƵȫĵطٺòˡ
һһĳŮȥЩŮӣһŮǸǧ֮Уͬ˻֮С
ʹʱ󲿷Ů˲ʧԭأ÷ŮҲ㶣û뵽Է˲ôۼ֡
ʣ¶ʮˣŮʵôЩڵĻҲˣ
ΪҲôŮħУʵ̫ϧˡ
Ųæ˵
ŮҲǣܱô໤ԺԹҲкôҲΪǿķ廤
ðɣһֻжʮˣһ롣
ŮЦ
ʱǸơԽ٣ҲԽ٣ԷŮ£ħ֮˽𣿡
ʵ
ֻ֪ħħδεҪʶһ£жô
Ůش
һҪһ£ħѵأֳɶŶӣÿŶӶΪУԽЩħ۵ĹӡҲ˵һ˵Ŷӣһ˵ĹǿԵӵģǵƽΪﵽڣһڵĸȥǣӵҲֻķݡУ󣬷ҲʮǿͬͬءңЩСŶӻһ޴ŶӣҲ˾šһħһŮΪһ𣿡
Ȼ˵ⷬ˵˶Щš
Ů˼Ļ룬Ҫ˵ħ̫ˣ˵ӵĹĪ˵ԼκһˣҲ˵ԶԳܡ
Ŷӣмϰ˵ĵڸӣǷĸͬʱֻ֣Ҳסǵĵӹ
ŮԽԽÿֲ¼һ澵ӣкܿħӰ
ã̫ˡЩħڵĸֿ࣬⻹ôս
ŮЩˣԷŶӼǧ˸ŶӣϹŽҲסԷֹ
˵Ǹô죿
ŮĿħŶӽеЩˡ
۵սŮͲģǶԸŹԼʮҲԸɱġ
ҵ˵ˣǾǳˡ㲻Ҳû취
Ц
ŮоˣԭΪħں֮ڣħ󣬽ħ֮˹ͬӣ÷ζԿ
ðɣڸıǴ򲻹Ȼýڻٶȳ룬֪Ůô
Ȩһ˵
֮ԣ˵˷أǲսˣ˵ȥġ


1895 ֮忪·
Ů̾Ϣ
ʵħһսҪ˽ǵľʵţȥ̽һ
˵꣬˶һȥ
һͬǰ
Ů¿˵
ˣŮһסǿɲ̫áһȥɣģһСġ
˵꣬һ죬ǰĺֱӱըˣħȻڴʱں֮ĵط
ôô죡
Ů¾׼ս
ʮ֮˹ͬһȦ촫˵صϹŽѾƵǰħ
ã˷ħǱΧˡ
ͷѵ
Щħ̫֮ƻˣȻƻ˽ơ
ɿЦ˷ħǣǷɽѾħռ죬Ҳ˵ħж˵ĳ֮·
˷ӵ浽УħЩħȻγȫλİΧÿһ֧ħԼĪǧңʮǿľŽ˷ΧסÿǧŶַֽΪʮŶӡ
һɹɺ̴Щħӿ˶ʱЩħҲ֪ʹʲôĹȻظԵΪ
ŮҪ̽飬ȴָ޷̽鵽ЩħľΪҲ˵ΧʮţһٸСţȴ֪ӺδͻΧ
ħе룬ÿħ۶źڼףȥͬһģһЩħȴֻǰΧһ
ӣֻҪħһǶûһ𡣡
аʱ治춯ԷͻȻ
Ůһ߲ʷˣкڲѣĻߣҲͲľˡ
µħǲˣȴͻΧĿԣȻͻΧҲʮþȵ顣
ħֱأѵҷ𣿡
ŮϿУҲͬʱա

һĴЦһɫӰħϷʱһħ۵ļϡ
Ůŭˣ޲̾ͳȥɱ
Ǹ߸֮ˣвɰ̾Ϣ֪½óɱ˭֪ϴζûɱ
ϳҰ˴ǰΪǿķ塣
ħĿЦиûнС
ŮĻ˫ֳȻɱ⡣
ţħռƣɷŮԲǺǵģıʵԼ屾壬ҲͻΧȥһξǱΧˣԼһƴһսħҲʧء
׼ս
Ůڿ˲仯ɷ屾壬Ӵıһ֣ƶʱǡ
еķ嶼ˣʮͷڿչ˫ǳΨҲΪ֮̾
ַŮ߲ʷ˱󣬼һģһ˽߲ʵķ˱ǰ쵵ëޱȣֱɫȴûŮ빫ıۣǶʮ󲿷ֶǺɫмıЩ΢ĵɫȻǻûȫΪķˡ
ʮչֱ󣬾ͬʮ֧һƺ侪ˣҲԷ˸ǿģһͬͻΧп˲忪ȱڡ
Ȼ鴫ҪɱЩ壬÷峹׵Ĵ
ħЦƺںǿȻ׼ξƴħشҲҪ塣
Ȼڷ֮Уʱħ˫ֳ޵Ĺâڿڵʦܣʦֻ񣿡
˷׷Ϊ֮𾪣һܿˣΪħһ仰ŮǲħӦô˿İΧ塣
ħʦ֣
Ůȵʱпһˡ
ûشħѾЦŮ㲻ˣʵšʦܰæôҵĳѨأʦܰæΰΧأ
ȥ
Ůŭ֮£һŻһʱ߲ʷæ˵Ů£ԲǼϸ˽ħ̽ӡ
ǵصķ棬ȴǸûܣӭϣЩ潫ֺȴͻȻʧӰ١
ȻɷĻ档
Ůд󾪣֮Թ϶ħֻ֣̽һʵ
Ů£㲻ħļıܵͼʣˣôħ֣
Ȼ˵ȻħЦҵʦˣѾˡħħ֮⣬Ҳͬݡ䣬ĵ̫ˣΪŮĻϵ𣿡
ŮĵĵͷʱѡԼ񲻳ɵô
ãȻ㲻ϱʦ֣Ǿͱֱˡ
ħ˵ֻʱвŻַĳ֮⡣
ħ㲻װˡʦ棬һֱɱۣѾޱǣͲý۴ҡϧÿζڱС㲻Ǳ۵Ķ֣ȻǱ۵Ķ֡


1896 һ֮ͻΧ
Ц
󵨣ɸ뱾սһ
ħŭмҪ档
ˣҪ취ͻΧһսԺлġ
ͷѵ嶯֮ħı
ţʱĲûشԼһսͻȻԼһ˲ء
ӦԷħָ£Լһ͸ͻΧȥлЩˡ
ԭҲǸС츳ǿڱŸ뱾ս񣬱츳ʵ㣬ҲͲ뱾һսˡȻ㲻սǲͶɣ飬пһ
ħһҲļζɱһ֮Դħ󶯸ɸ꣬Ŀ껹صķ塣
룬ħп飬Է岢û̫ȤԼкǿȤغһһսʤԼ
˼ӦսһŮ˵ħб뱾һս𣿡
ߣʲôʸսƾŮ̫ЦˣΪһŮ¾Ȼֻжʮˡ
ħԷŮ޶ȤſɵĴܷŮĲӦսħʵЩץ
벻Ҿһ仰ҲǸС
Ů֮֮˻̼ħŭҪһڴӦɿһЦʱħЩԥˡ
Ů£ħרҶ޹ء
˵ŮȻͬ⣬ҡҡͷ
Ӧս𣿡
ħЦԷԽǲӦսħԽļ
ֺβҡ
ŵĻش
ã
ħϲֱӷɳħӪж˶Ӹ
һܴӦҾʹӦһս
ޱ˵
ʲô˵
ħ㶣пǷԼļı
ɱңӦߣҾʹӦһս
˵˻һʱ˲˵ķԡ
̫ЦˡŮԣ㻹Ǳˡ㲻뱾Ҳûʲôϵ֮ὫȫɱһҲ
ħЦֱӾܾ
һǰˣֻǿͻΧˡ
а۲һΧǳŷɽͻΧܼʱϵԼһſԸվ
ಣ
ֱӱ仯屾壬Ӵ屾ʱз֮˶סˣħҲ۾͵ĺˡ
ԭӵ屾壬ôܡ
ħһͬɳģȻ֪֮ңͻȻ屾壬Ҳ̫˼ˡ
ħĺˣȵͻΧɽ֮ۡ
зȫͻΧɽ֮ۡ
Ů
ʮ˱ͬʱ˷ɽķȵҲУֻŮȴûȴΪ䣬ʱҪΪ˶Ϻ
סǵͻΧ
ħЩףͻΧķħ֮ǹģ
ֱ֮ԱħħͬʱƣĽˡ
ŮһۣһһҵסħĶŶӡ
ħһ֣ǶŶͬʱɢγһԲƣǡôĽŮΧС
Ůעŷ֮˵ͻΧͻΧ֮ʱ˲أħֹ̫ˣһγ棬ʮϡ
ĸͻΧЩƣЩŮͻΧȥƺ̫ˡ
ŮӦôͻΧģ
ЦǷŮͻΧֻ˻ٺܶࡣ
һ˶Ϻ󡣡
Ůᶨ˵ŷһͻΧȥ
ħڽˣָӶԷͻΧ֮˵Χɱ
ħָӣԽأǶʮѾʮħĹֱɱʮ˵Ҳ쳣ǿֱ֮ħ

һıը˾Ȼ֮Ա·ʵ̫ˣȻò˵һҲ޵С
صħƬȻܿµħŶӼ룬߲ʷ˵ָ£ܿħ֮С
ͷҲǿĹһͻΧС飬ͬһħ֮С
ħϣֹˣҪͻΧȥ򵥣ȻûŮǣã˶ȫû
ħͷŵط֮еΪȴǿ̽鵽ħΪ˲ָһͻΧķ
ħߵĶˣԵڵĸ֣л˲ħʥĺ֣ԣҲڸղͻΧƱػǿŶ׷ɱοɲħ˽롣
ħħΧסŮǸӣ򣬵ֻˣħֻҪɳˣһͻΧȥ
˲η֮忪ͬСɣŶ֮ԱЧĴħĲ𣬶߲ʷͷߵƴǰɱһѪ·ڷʮ˺֮ͬڳħķֱɷɽ
׷һ
ħȻΧǧħͬʱӶദΧɽ
ħǧ㣬ӦҲû㵽ɣ
аϲȵ˳˺ԼͷŮ֮ӦûϣͻΧȥġ
ȻЩźŮڴ˵أԼֻҪ֮УΧ㲻󣬺οкǿ󷨱Ĵڣ֮ԷҪɱԼʮѵġ
ͻΧȥŮͬʱ¶Ц⣬ǣûã˱Цˡ
ͻΧȥ˾Ȼû봫У۷ɱħΪ֮Ƿ幫߲ʷˣӳʵļޣɱ˸ǹķ֮ҲƴսǵԶ
ôЩһôޱ
Ů𾪲ѣԼǰ׷ˣ幫ҪĽࡣ
ЦħˣǵЩ¾Ȼͼǣ̫Цˡ
ħΪ©֮㣬˭֪Щ˾Ȼɶ˻ֱ̫ˣħ۱ɽԷһ򾡣ʲôأ
ħҪϵʧʱȻЦˣ屾£ȴչ¶΢Ц֮⣬ħ˲仳Ƿʲôı
ʱ㻹Цĳѵʲôı
ħٺЦ
ħûʲôõġ˹һ̩ɽںëܻˣҲ£۸˻ôأ
ЦŽ͵
⵹ħЩʧˣǵЩȣԼΣ֮УЩôܻðվԼ
ŮԽˣһδȥ壬ԼһӳȥķҲǷŮ֮ܳʹ
Ů£ָα塣
ͻȻ˵÷Ůд󾪣ΪλҪ
ħҲ벻ףĶŮ£ı仯α壬̴Ů
ħ۵Ŀ£һڽǷŮ˸УһĻʵ̫ˣ˶
ಣ
ȻʼͻΧˣвħۻûӦѾǶħ֮УȴͻȻʧˣеħ۶ħʶ̽顣
ħҲĿɿڴôû뵽˵İΧȦʧĿ⻷˺󣬺ﾹȻжһħۣһɡ

ħ
ಣ
û˳ȥȻԼٶȳŷɽȥħŭһ׷˳ȥǶǿħҲ׷˹ȥ
Ů˸УҲ֮٣ʵŮǾԲðյġ
һ·ӣɽϵħʱ͵ĺȵ죬ס
ɽϵħʱѾΪħħʱ֯鵲ǰ
˱ħӣħ֪׷ǿ쵲סչŹ

ħû׷ȴĽӿĹЩħȻԼĶħҲԥ֪˭ħ
ŻңУ߷ɱߺȵħ赲ħ
ħ۵꣬ǧ˵ŶĻ߲ʷһһȺħɱ
ϵʱ˾һգգ̷ۣӦͷȿǰ˱

ȴȵ˷롣
ѾȳŮ

߲ʷ˴˴ٴɱɽȫٳɽΧħ׷ɱħҪŶӣٶȲǺܿ졣
ǧħֹħ˵ǰǧҵħһ˳ɽ
߲ʷ˵˺ܿ콫ƻֻһͨĴһ˺ܿʧڴС
ϵʱ֮ǰѾûһˣһȺħԥţ֪òý봫м׷
ħΪֹܣ̻ٵ󡣡
˻һ˵ʮħͬʱ⴫Ѹٵıһ˱԰ħ׷١
ħѾ֤ԼħµħۼҪ裬ȵħɱɽʱѾ˽ɢ󷨡
ֻ߹ħߣħ۷׷ʧӰ٣һԽǧ֮ڵħ۶˺֮УħһʵһУȻΪһħۣϢĻһ֧ħУöã˵Ŷӱֻʣˡ
ٴζߣϵĸıòһħˮϵĽµħС
ԶԣЩħ֮󣬱ֻʣ·һΪǷ˶벻ͬĵطпɲʺЩħ۽ֻεĿ־塣
ħĻû뵽ħɵĴȴʼ޷ץסǷ壬Ҳӳ˾ˣħڷٵļ١
Ҳȷħûа취ԼϢ֮ħǶŶ֮⣬ԲϵĽħ۶ߣͬǶħļ
ħһͬʩչаԪ
ħȵħ۵ͬʱðɫâħͬʱȭȭͷͬʱΪʺ֮ɫ


1897 ɱ
ϢĻΪһ̣Ȼŷɽ֮ƮȥħҲǵ֮ҪҳԼģԼˣܾԶҲ޷뿪ˡ
ħʧ˶ǧħۣо˺УһֱԼȵɱֻЩʧħ۲ûмħˣħûʧС
ȵ뿪ħѰţջ׷ٵеϢһ̽ħҳ켣
ȻѾ˼ʱֻҪ˴Ҫ׷Ǿ̫ˡħ̾˿û뵽ǧѷĻᣬȴǹһ
ھħԶѾΪһ֮ͨˣħһɽ֮Ϊ֮ǰʧ˶ǧħۣħпܻ취֡
Ů˳Ůǰ󣬷Ѿһ֮ͨˣΧκħ
㾹ȻͻΧˣ
Ů𾪵˵Ϊ֮ˣŮ˵ΣҲһͻΧ
һͻΧˡ
Цǰ߹Ůʱ֮ͨк
أ
ŮʵΪŮȻע˵
֮˶˴󣬻ҵļѣһ뿪ˡģ뿪󣬴ѾЩħǲ׷ǵġ
΢Ц˵ҲĿŮһһէġ
̫ˣ
Ů˷ܵ˵ʶЩʧ̬ɹϵЦ⡣
ЦʱͦģαǿŲЦأЦЦŷá
ŮǷŮˣ߲ʷȣҲҪѷɫ١
Ůӵо¾òʣ߹ϢɲһŮ߱ġ
󵨣
ŮĺǳȴоЩֻЩ̣ʵ̫ˣԼǺٻġ
ҵĵһͺܴ󣬲Ҫҡ
͵̬ʱûԷɷŮ
һˣģûκε£ķŮܳΪ𣿻ܰڳߵ̬
ŮЩŭˣԼΪŮʱǹһˣȴҲݶԷᱡ
ħжˣ
Ů쭵Ļᣬ˲䳯ԶȥŮŭĶźֻܸ׷ϡ
ڿķ򴦣жħͬʱǰţ˵ķٶر죬͵ס˶˵ıؾֻ֮»治һԵ¶ˡ
һһûɣ
Цʵ
⡣
Ůߵһһ£ſԴκˡ
Ƕħ۳ʱֱڿ˶ˡ
ʱѾΪ߲ʷ˵ģΧķŮǴ˴ЩţݼҲ̫ˣԼҲԿ
ıòٲŵħۣħͻȻֶεεŮ󣬺ܿͬʱͣ¡
Ƿ֮ˣһһ¡
һħ۵Ц
ã۶ԸǸ
һЦ
͹Ůľ룬ʱǡõһһ˸һħۡ
̽飬ֶԷǵڵΪвɰЦּħۣԼֻˡ
ŮҲ̽˶ħ۵ΪħҲʹħսһš
΢΢һЦǰħ۱ʧţҲʧˡ
ŮûöñɱǰĶ֣ħ֮ҲŮԷˣȴѾʧˡ
ȥˣ
ŮЩǣûãαڲԶһĻħۡ
ôû
Ůѵץסᣬɱӵ
ΪһҪ𣿡
Ц˹ȥ÷ŮҲɵˣԷǵڵħۣôôΪˣ
ŮԶԣħʵʵĸ󣬶ҡһ䣬˱Ůɱħۡ
̫ǿˣ÷ûѡΪУ򣬺롣
ŮԼ֮̽󣬷ΪȻֻʾڣģ˸ղǸħۣԼ޷
ʲô֣
ŷŮʵ
ʲô
ŮԽ񣬾ȻԼ֣ԼǷŮԴһŮ
ʱ
ŮЩŭ˵
ϻ㣬˭
Щ÷ŮŮԾӵĸоԲžŮ
ʣǱֻɱ¾Ӧ㡣
Ůŭļֱָ
ȻߵħѾǰİȫ÷Ůк޲նɱħۡ
ãҲˡڣҪǰħ磬Ǿʹ˱ɣ
˵꣬ħͬʱԵشȥ
ŶԶȥıӰŮȴЩʧ䣬ͨѾ磬ԼҪȥأǸһж
Ů֪ЩһһҵЩµģ֮ǰȫԼƺҲҪҵǡ


1898 ħ
ȥħΪ˸ʲô
Ůʮֺ棬ԥһڷ˿У׷˹ȥ
Ů׷϶˺ȴͬûһ㣬ȫ͸ˣ÷ŮеĸоֵֹģҲǼһ·С
ڿҪӽԵ֮ʱħͬʱʱŮ̲סʵȥħΪ
֣
תŷŮ˵
Ů㶣ǹִΪʲôҪ֪Լأ
衣
Ůҧ˵Ϊ˸ȥħͼǾԲ͸¶Լġ
֡
Ц˵жԷŮ˿ء
ʲô
ŮҪˣԷȻƺԼΪƺҲֻзĳŸ˳ƺôδƺԼ
ȥħͷ·Ůϣ㲻ǷŮֻһƽƽķŮӣ㲻Ը⣬ھԶңҾǿ󡣡
˵˷ȥħҪ£ȻһŮͬУʵڻЩ鷳
Ůɫò̾˿ҲգξͷŮݣһͬǰħ硣ҲҪ֪֮ΪҺ۸ʹشˡ
ߣ
صһЦŶ˷Եͨͨʮħţлжۼڵħ
ţ
˵꣬ҡΪħȻ˲Ե֮
ԶԶһڿУʮħͬʱû֪ΪʲôħͻȻ
ǹɣ
һ֣ħŮͬʱ˹
ħֻоò죬ȴû˸ħǶۼڵħ۹Ľ£˼ħҿһ
Ƕ´Ƿ֪
ȵ
˱ŵľʧǣͬʱģһġ
˵˵Ǵںδ
Цʵ
㿴ңҿ㣬Ȼͬʱ֯ɣԼ
ˡ
˵֮ʱֱӽɱˣ˱ɱ˸ֲħ֮Ҳץסˡ
ħһҶû˸ΪǶڵħ۱ʱŮڼʶǿֶΣֱɱΡ
ڵħۣ֪ô£
ŮпЦ
ûüһȫʧ÷ŮѾˣ̫ǿˣɱ˷ʽĲ˼顣
ŮЩˣûнЩħɱֻǽǶ˺֮С
ɵĽ֮ͨУħֻͨʮħۣЦȥЩħۡ
һŮֳܲƺ޲룬סеĳ嶯ȻԼǰħ磬ǾʱԼɷŮ
Ů֣ܿʮħۣڴ֮ħأһ˼ģ
ʲô
ŮоҲ²͸˼ĵȴУѾʧ
ʧˣ
Ů̾˿ʾ֭˼ҪʲôԽԽͷۣɴ಻롣
˺УһвպǶǧħ۷׷ΪȻΪˣòɱϰħۡ
ٴγʱϵħ۳󣬵ħ۵ǧ֮ʱŮĿɿڴԼľʵ̫ˡ
ָ˱ĿЩѪħҲûѡǾѰ·
Ϊ棬ħֻѡ׷˶ǧ˵ħҲܸõĽضħԮҲ˵Щħÿһħһħõκħ۵Ĳ䡣
ǧħĶ飬ͬǰһӣƶʮһŶӣҲһ֧ǿ
ǲҪЩħħ磿
Ůʵ
ħڣҲһͳħʱҽټħеĵۼ֣һǿħţʱħһս
ʮƽ˵
ħɱأ
Ůǵʵ
ǳռ磬Ҳᡣ
ʮ˵Ůǲʲôħı
ڵ̻ħͨ
һ£ǧħͬʱЩϿкȻŶħͨ
ԶϺ·ô磿
Ůе
ǻд뿪ħ磬Ҹᣬ߰ɣɣ
ŷŮ̫鷳ˣߣȥҵ߲ʷˣļ룬Ҳӵİȫ
ãھͷ磬Ϊ֮
Ů˵꣬ٳͨгȥʧħۼͨڰʱͨڳܲסǿֱӱ֮ͨҲǻɫ
ħıؾ֮·Ѿжϣħͨ󷵻ħ磬ΪǴƵģǧħڶʱڲȫء


1899 άɽƽ
λ汾һͳħɣ۽Ϊħħ
ȵĵǧħۣһͳħҲ¡
ħ֮أħŷͶûжħԸԿǧħۣħе̺ʽκһħ۶ӳ̽顣
ʮ֮󣬵ħĵµħǧ֮ڣúҵħִľ޵
޵Ǳħûã²Ÿշչ˲ʮħۣŶûҪʱ̵̫Եʡ
аϲħ緢չһԪڣͷԷȵ뷨ⲢҪҪԼҵ޵Ϊǿҿεˡ
ǧħۣһֱӽ˾޵ָӣ޵ܵΣҲ
޵Զ֮ħָЩħۣʮֺʵѡĹ£ǧħۼ˿ħЧ
Էħǧħ۵֧£ħ֮˷׷ӦȻһѣ˵ħ磬Ѿʧ߻ħ״̬
ϢħЩԭе֧Ҳܿ쵹꣬һ˳ħĵħۼ룬һΣǽħеħ۶С
ĿںǺħȨųֻԼܴħػԻͣһӵħͷ׷׼롣
вħͷڼʶһޱȣ˲١
˼ħͷǧ˴޵ΪָӣŴħѲΣħۼһºһҲټħۡ
֮УڵħۣЩˣ󲿷ֶӵħۣһΪ෽ԭħ
һħѲΣЩۼΪħܲصסԣһεķ֮ãħħ۶С
磬ҲʮֳԾħʵƬԶԶСĵطħ羹Ȼӵ޾Ǳħۣ硣
ΪۼʱΪݺ磬δ̫Цڽһħľ׼ʼԼļƻ
ɽ硣
һ£ħͬʱĺħ۶ԣѪڵģΪµħһħۼѡ
ȻбΪĶǧħֻЧڸԭ޷ǿڵħ
ֻҪǷԼħݣһӣ϶û׼Ϻܾã׷翵Ȩ
ħֱħ缫֮أȻͨгɽԵ֮أӴˣħ֮УۼѰʣµħֵ֮ƴ֮ڶָܻԪ
ħ˵Ѿˣֱħֱһ룬ߵħʵҪǿħߵħʵ
磬ħֻʣ°ǧħۣ޷ħ粹£ĸַ׷׿ʼᣬ׼ϽħĴ
Ųӵִɽŷӣ˸ħ۽棬Ӳɱ¾´Կƽ
ħɽ˷׷棬֮ɽɵ˴ħǰ
һΣԪɵʴǰ赲ħһԪڵĵȫɽɵɵۣҪԪɵ۶ɵۡ
ԪɵһǧɵͬУԭɵ۽սɵ۽սĹУԪɵһȷֳɶ֣һɵۼڶɽ磬һɽ硣
ɵռɽƬأһֱɽıԵ֮Ԫɵ۴ɵ۽սԪɵһսˣħϮԪɵ۱ɵͣɵȴܾˡ
⻼ԪɵۻǾȻħΪɵչɽ֮ˣȻԼܸɽ绹ɽ֮˵ĹС
ǣԪɵ۷ڶ࣬ƾ˵ħвɿЦĿԷҲ֮࣬ЩȫӵħΪԼһҲԵֵ
󣬴۵Ŀͼɵۣɵ۹ֵͬħ
Ԫɵ۶һ´
ϱ仯һںɫߣһԪɵҲ޷̽ʵݣȴѾ˶ԷɵԪɵԴӡ
ħʮǧŶһſÿǧŶַʮŶӣЩŶҲΪУǧŶӣŶԳһ塣
Ԫɵۺܿ㷢˺֮Ŷӣһ̷̽Щ˾ȻȫӵеڵΪԪɵҲȻ
Ԫɵµ鱨ħħ۾Ѿռ綫ǰһħǴӺδѵССħ羹Ȼ˶֧ϵħ۴
Ԫɵ۰㽫ɽĵۼּҲδػһɵۣοɽ̫󣬸̾ᣬɵۿսƱػɢ
ҺòײžۼǧɵۣеΪҲʮˣħʵ̫ˣܵסħǰĲ
ԪɵҲԼһɵ۱ΪʮŶӣͬΪУܶԷֻɵҲδܳɹοɵҲһӦԼ
ħڿУǰɽۼʱ޵϶һսʤɣսУԼһӵѹԵơ
ħ֮УʱŸòԪɵˣֻڿԪɵԶȥкһĪԪɵۻԮ
ȴ
޵񣬾޵һ£˶ıֱħڿγ˺ѹѹһƬ·һɳУ˷ɢ롣
ԪɵҲ׶ħΪΰ룬ǰȥѯʣһɵ۽ӵǰѯʡ
ɷѾ˵ڣ˷ԪɵίΣǱηĳ˶ħ۴
ԪɵɳʹߣҪħͳ˧
ɷδɽǾ˫֣˵
޵һ֣ħͬʱħϣ֧ħֱָ·ɷʱеɵ۶㶣ɷǱŵĻһ
⵹ɷСʵǶԷ̫ˣһ֮ƵħжԺηġ
ԪɵɳʹߣҪħͳ˧
ɷٴ˵
ԪɵһѾ¶೷֮ңΨ־̫ħ͵Ϯ
޵һ֣һڵħ۱󷨣Ȼĵɷǰɷ߾˫ֻ֣ܼ˵ղŵǷ
ˣҪҪɱɵһ
޵ѯ
ˣȥġǶԷʱ䣬֪һ󣬻᲻ϲ

޵Цߺˣ۱ħͳ˧
ɷħͳ˧
ɷıȭ˵
룬ɳһڵĸ֣Ϊ̽һɽ̴ѶϢ
޵æִۼڵĸͬʱжΪ飬ٵĳΧɶݣһξأ˼ǰн
󵨵ɳĸֵ£ԪɵҲ׵أһвһս
ԪɵҲֻɳڵĸָȥµĵڸһһӦǰħʱЩ׽⡣
ɷħͳ˧
ɷٴ˵ĵħͳ˧ɢűϢһ֪ǺöԸˡ
ϻ˵Ϊ
޵ʵ
Ԫɵ֮ǰѯħͳ˧Ϊֱɽ磿
ɷʵ
ߣ
޵ȵһʱ֮仹Щûش⣬ΨԼشĲãʧ
ۼȻѾ֮⡣
ɷη˵
޵ŶԪɵʱѾ֪Щ˲ĵˣѣȴΪβֱӱ¶ݣɵ۴š
۴˽ɽ磬Ϊɽսңάɽĺƽ
޵˵֮ǰĻ
⻰˵ĹûʵģɷҲһʱ֮䲻֪η룬˵ħĺ⣬۴Ԫɵˡɽ紦սУɽҲдħ£ͳ˧˱
ħų磬ɽѣħӲܡ㲻ض˵ɽ֮£ħǹܶˡ
޵˵˻ͬŵɷЩƣֻܿЦҡҡͷ˵ɽڶ֮У֪ͳ˧ɽ󣬵ôάɽƽ
˴£ܸ֪һС
޵˵
֪ͳ˧ԸԪɵִɵۣ
ɷ̽Եʵ仰ȫһԸΪ֪Ԫɵǲħ֮˹ɵ۵ġ
Ϊ̫ˣʮϢʱ䣬ʧڱ۵ǰ򣬱ۻɱ㡣
޵ҡҡͷ֪ýԷˡ
ɷԥ˼ӣ̾ϢһٺˣȻûʳʲôϢҲ֪ħĴĿꡣ
ЩħܽƻͼһһȻϵһɽɽǿĶѸٲ
ɷظԪɵ۲ɳüлЩìܣ֪ɽδȥδӡ
ѵҪͶɵɵҲħۺõȥռɽ磬ɱ¾ǣҲħɽ磬ҽΪɽˡ
Ԫɵ־ᡣ
ȥħͳ˧⣬סĿΪʱ䣬Ϊȡ㹻Ԯ
Ԫɵֻӡ
ɷȴΣɽԮԶңԶĶɽ磬ɽ磬ͲԮ
ɷٴǰħӪʱѾյѶϢɵ۵Ѿǰжǧ֮࣬ҽɵۡ
ЦЦɵ۾Ȼûǰǧɵȴˣһսɵۼ
ɷ˹⣬޵ʱܾòŻشᾭĺɷĴڣɷʱ⡣
ڣɵ۵Ĵϵʱȴħɵ۵Χм֮ء
ԪɵɵһĻظûеȵѶϢȴһѪܵͷ­Ǹ̽ӵԴԷ͹֮ȴûܻ
д
Ԫɵ۴ŭû뵽ɵһԼһϣһɱʹߡ
սնʹߣħͳ˧ɵ۵ôޱأ
Ԫɵ۷ߺ޵ʱԼһȻħɵ۵ĴΰΧǶԷֻ֣Լһпȫû
ʹߣħͳ˧ħͳ˧Ը⣬۴ӦͬԸɵۡ
Ԫɵۼæ
ԪɵɳʹߵͬʱɵǱҲɳʹߣһһʮ׵ʹߡ


1900 ɱ¾
޵ͬʱӼ˫ʹߣԣɵһʹ߸򣬶Ԫɵһʹ⵽
Ȼ˫ɳʹߣô۾ͨͨΧȻٿǺķ˰ɣ
޵ָ˴ͬʱӶ죬ħԪɵɵ۵ȫΧˡ
ħĶԪɵɵһԶԤϵ˶ֺ֮˭ȵõħ֧֣Ǿ൱˶Է
е˼ħû״ϧɵ۲ҽҪɵԡ
аһδǰħ磬ĿĻǵƽɵ۵άɽĺƽ
ħԪɵ۴ĵۼɵ۵ŰΧʱа˷ܣԼûԪɵ̽ˣôɵ۵ǰأ
νάɽƽʵжģɽǿԣƱػɽͿ̿һԼħһɽ罫һԪڵʱһԪڵɽںܶ궼άֺƽ
ħʵѾգħħоսʱЩħʣ¶٣⵹Ǹδ֪
ܽΣᰲֿסħ磬һһԪħưԣΪǿĵһţӰ޴ط˵һԪ̫ѡ
һһԪܴﵽԤδһԪڶΪߣ磬ҲԵİ
ΪһԪҲôˣʣµҪһԪˣ
Ĭ˫ʹѾ׷ױӶԷҪħһ
޵ɱɵʹߡ
Ĵ
޵аЦһָɵʹߣĶ˶ͬʱնһ֮ĽӣǿĽֱϮɵ۵ʹߡ
¡
ɵɳŮ欵ʹ߾ҲӲħ۵ôӵĵ
ɷһ㶣ôû뵽ħ֮ͻȻ֣ǹɵ۵ʹߣҲɷһ
һ֮Ů֮ҲһնĽγ˷ռ䣬ն˶Է֮壬ȴҲûɶΧ̫ǿĲ
е˷ˣٵħֹ̫ǿˣңҲᱻɣ
Щ𾪣⻹ǵһμֵĹһħĴʱħīֱȫֻԼ˶ᱻ˲
ǿ󣡡
ɷ˫ЩֻĶǰԪɵһɵһûκεĻʤᡣ
Ԫɵ۵ʹߣҲ׼ȥɣ
޵˻һ˵ɷʱңԷɱԼԼֻ·һղǸڵĸֶ˲һԼĻȥ
޵һָɷɷʱоһǿԼȻǰһѾһط
ôûȥ
ɷΧһյĿռ䣬Լûȥв𾪲ѡ
ɷ˺УǣȴΪɷ޵ɱϢܿ촫˳ȥԪɵɵ۵һͬʱ˼
˫뵽˹ͬԿħǣȻЩʵ˫ˣڴʱΧ£ħĶ֡
ɽ˫ͬʱ򱾵Ͷ޶ʱ㹦򣬷򣬱۽ħɱۡ
޵񷢳Ƕͬʱħۺ𽫳ưס
Ԫɵ˫üоޱȣħͶô޷󣬿Ͷпȫû
ԪɵټʱһҪħսףҲٲɵͬͶȨ֮ơ
Ԫɵڶݵʱ˺ܶ࣬ǲͶҲ֪Щɵսʣ¶٣ԼսǶɽҲֵ˶ãҪôᱻɵ۵Ҫôᱻħ
ͶħһŹԼħȻȻ磬ĿĿ϶Ϊ˳ռж磬Լһܹ͵ҲΪħĿܣпһ
Ԫɵ۾ǵۣûã˾ȻóͬľǾһսħͶ
ȻҶԸͶǱɶרСƴˣҲҪĺҡ
Ԫɵҧ˵Ѿѡüͷչ
ɵһҲ˾֮УһɵһսͶľӶ࣬ɽԪǷϢɵۺ󣬵õϢȴǼͶʵȡħԪɵһˡ
ɵ۲ڴ˵أһ˫ɵȫսʽȻɵһԣɵ۲´ʲôȻγɶԪɵ۵ơ
ɵ۵ԪɵͶˣԼһԪɵħļΧˣὫԼһ뱻֮С
ɽԪɳʹ߷ԸͶ˼ԪɵһûκεĻظеЩԪɵۣһεĲԣ˫̷ֳ¡
˹һ̩ɽںëħһս̩ɽģͶħںë


1901 ɫռ
ͳħͳħͶһҲɱ¾ÿСĴɵµЩɵۡ
ͶϽɽһ򽵣򣬱۽չԵĹ
޵˵ʹ̷ء
֮ǧɵѾͬʱɽħܿɵ۵ɽЩɵ۷׷׾˫֣ĳ֮ȥ
ԪɵһȴͬʱɽΪħδжԪɵ˾䡣
ɵ۵ЩͬʱڵʱЦˣһΣ˵ǱѪеľͽЩɵۡ
޵ָӴЩŰΧ֮ǰΧԪɵ۵˵ħ۷׷׳أȻԪɵ۵ȱڡ
Ԫɵ۵֪ħΪ˵ɵ۵ͶħӦðΧԼһǣôܻΧɵ۵أ
Ԫɵɻ²ʱЦˣЦǿģΧɵ۷׷ŭĿӣ£ЦĳȻŭ
Ԫɵ֪ģʵѵǰΪλЦ
ͷ˶ԷǾ޵ԼֵħֻҪԼ棬ǵȻΪԼһ˲žúЦ
ԪɵۣĪҪġʶħͳ˧˵ֵͬܣǱ۳棬ȻҵȸϾɱ
һڽޱȡ
Ԫɵ۴ϲˣһҲϣ¹شԪɵۻ治źĻ
Ϊɵۣħֵ֣̰к壿
޵ǳ
ɵ۵һĪһԡ
ɱǣһ
޵һ£Щɵ۶ʱп־壬һЩħͳ˧ĻϾԼһѾѡͶ
ɽһɱ¾ʼˣħ󷨵£ͬʱַһǿ
ǿıը÷ԲĴضڲħһ·ɵĻᶼûУڼһ𣬸׳Ϊİӡ
һ¡ıըðŨҵḷ́ǧɵһη񹥻Уȫûħַӡ·֮أֻɽĴضԳηĹ
Ԫɵ͵һħʵ̫ˣһɽ֮Զǣɽһ¼ǧɵۺ޷ıɱ¾

޵ЩҶһιɵвˣħĹԻһУ˲Ĺƣһ޴Ԩɵԭĵط
ȥֵܴк
Ԫɵ۷Ӧֽ˵
ҲЩȷˣôһʱ䲻޵ͻΪħͳ˧ˣѵѾˣͶħ
ܣԲܣûôĵӡ
һɺղž޵ᱳˡ
ಣ
˿УȻȵ޵ֵǧ𷢶
޵ſ㵸ĺʮЦû´޵Ҳϡ
Χǡ
޵һ£ħʱԪɵһΧס
ва
Ԫɵۼˣħͳ˧ƺ飬ǶԷͻȻ롣
޵쵰֣ͣ
ȥˣĺȴûжԾ޵κεӰ죬ž޵ƣħħħ֮ǰĽࡣ
ɱ
Ԫɵ֪ܵȴˣɽǰµɵҲ׷ױǿƣͬʱԪɵһͻΧ
ס֣
޵Ȼȵɵ۷׷һ㶣Ԫɵɻ䣬һӰڲԶĿС

Ԫɵд󾪣æҿס֣
ʵ˵ѾвɵϳһԪڵ˶ԪɵһЩ˼ȻѾ³һЩ顣
¼ԪɵۣΪɱɵ۵ɵۣԣ²ò˶ΪԪɵԭ¡
棬ϹϾ˵ݶԣԷԼʦүȻñֹ֮ġ
ԭħģ̫ˣ̫ãҲصǸˣ֪ۣ̽
Ԫɵ۹ЦеĵɢһԪĵӣ½бǣɽˡ
ߣȥҸطġ
һӣΧħ׷׳˷ɢΧȦԽɢԽ󣬶ԪɵҲʾ˺ˡ
ܿ죬ΧֻʣˣһЦ
֮Ԫɵ۳̾һһԪһԾͽ֮λøңԿ
ǺǣʦүϣĸΡ֮λֻʦүѡ¸ûһ֮ķ緶
Ц˵ӵһ˵Ԫɵ۱оЩУʱԪɵۣоͬһ㣬ָо÷ǳ
ڵΪңʦү򲻿ɵȻ㽫øңͳƺһҲýһ㡣
ԪɵЦԼϾʦүƺ治ýֵƣƺҲôá
ǰΪһ֮ɵɽ磬һΣҶҪɵ۵


1902 ʹ
˵
ԪɵЦЦһħɵʲôֻֿò˶ãɵ۱ֻлط
ãкܶ໰Ҫ㣬ҪʵʵĻش𣬲ˣͷ
ԪɵۻųķȣЦ˵
˺üʱ֮ŷֱ𣬶˫ѾħˣԪɵ۵ЩҲʮ˾š
һɳǵĴ֮У޲õ޵ǰǱħˣΪԼӡ
ԪɵһһһԪڳʶЩһֱ׷ԪɵۣɽȻûгΪһԪڣʵҲһԪڵĳ
ϴνһԪںԪɵҲɸΪһԪڣеڸֿҲ࣬Щ˼ԲԳԾӡ
֪ϴɺôˣ
ʵ
㲻õģһоڱ֮СڣǱƽ
Ԫɵص˵Ҳü׷ʡ
ھ˼֮˫ɽƺƵȥһ·֮ϣԪɵ۵ĺ£Ҳвɵ۷׷׼뵽Ԫɵ۵Ķ֮С
ħˣ˫ֱɵĸݵ㣬ȫݴ֮һ
˫ɽĵֿ󣬶ɽݣԪɵ¶ɽĸ˴ֻҪٲ硣
Ԫɵۼʴһ·ɳڶ̽鵽ɵ۲δͣڶɽ磬Ǵ硣
ϢԪɵ۵ͨ뿪ɽģ֮ͨ󣬴׷ױݻ٣ڴƣɵ۽ߣɽɢ롣
ɱɵһ֣ɱۣ
´ħֳŶӣÿŶӶеڸָӣôħԪɵ۵£˫˴ɽһε̺ʽһ·նɱɵڶ
ԪɵǰɽԵشȻڴ˵صȴڵȴº˫ԵִɽԵش
ħһɽ֮սֻʧˣԪɵĴȴѸٷչ׳аǧ֮ڡ
ɽԵشʯ֮ǻɫռֵķΧ֮ڣ˸Ҵǻɫռ䣬ͨ磬ٶȻ̫ˡ
ǽڴ˵أ׼ν磿
ԪɵѾõʡ
ֱӽȥ
˵ԪɵҲסˣæȰ˾򲻿ɣԵ֮أҵʱ֮нˣͬʯ󺣣ҲûκεϢ
һʱһʱģзִ硣ڴ˵Ⱥҽ̽һ
˵꣬ʯ
һҪСġ
Ԫɵ֪Ȱǹеѵ
ͷ΢ЦȻ޷˵ĳǰС
޵һۣ˶оһѣԼҲ޷ȥ
˺޲øȥ֪Բԣֻܽĵȴ
ħ۶ıӰµħȻҶԴɫռ䣬Ҫǿ˾Իķڷ
ԪɵһͬˣϾ֮УһʵΪɫռ䣬Թűǽأڴ󻹿ԻŻ
ܴ¼ôΪħеߣɽսУǣͷȸԪɵۡԪɵ۳һԪڵǿҲΪ˵ݣһĹ±ͬ˵һ㣬֪
ɫռ֮ҲӰȴԼ徹Ȼڻɫռһɺɫ
Ԩ֮صȻɫռĪĹҽڴ˵ʧȥԭеʵ
ܿ췢ԼȻ̽鵽֮ĵطһѾԽ˾˵ļޡ
Ԩ֮УеɵʧȥԭеʵԨ֮̽飬Ǿͬһ㣬ڵõԨ֮صҲӵԭԽɫռ֮С
ڶԻɫռĺ棬ðս룬Ȼлһյģ治Դֲֿĵط
֮ζʵĵطȴУһΪ֮˶Ĥݡ
ڻɫռ֮УҲ޷ȷΧķΪ̽λޣΧĻɫռһģһԼзУȴҲ޷ƶϷ
ԣܷ֮С
룬һԭķˣñ˳˻ɫռ䣬ǰʱڴһ󣬾ͬʱĻ
һɫռȴܻŷصˣѾļ¼ڳɵħ۽֪˵ص׶һͬʱ
΢΢һЦ˻ӻ֣𺳵һĻˡ
һˣһˣ
޵ͬʱ˵˵֮󣬶˾ȻĹڵأȻжĤ֮ҲЩ
һˣ
Ԫɵ۾Ҳȵ˿˼ԼһԪݣͬĶĤݣ⵹ˣ˵ȴڳѾԼˡ
˵Ĵ£ۼͬʱжĤ֮񣬶Ҳֻţʱ򣬻ô
˸ߺһˣֻ˳Ӧ⣬΢Ц˵ɴ̧٣׼ڴ˵һͨȻɴ˿ٽ硣
Ϣ㹻𺳣˵ĻˣЩ˼ˣ룬Ǿȥˡ
һ֣޵Ѿ˹ȥ
׼һ㹻Ҫӵ֮ءѾԹˣڻɫռʹ÷ҲûЧ񡣡

ǣˣ
޵ųֵ£ʵ̫ˣħѸٵж
ѾʹһСԣɫռ󣬲ú˻δκε
㹻һٴνɫռ䣬һ㲻ȫʧ򣬿˵ⷽʮֵԭʼȴҲԵĺá
һͷԪɵţҪʱֻҪ΢϶ֻҪֱ֤ģķ㲻̫⡣
̫ͨħԵ֮صľ飬ӣŻٶȷУ˰ʱͻȻԼһ޴֮С
ɫռ֮еУеľ޴Ҳ޷ӳ֮ء
ٵĳ·ǰһ֮תȦеԶûоͷһ㡣
Ԫɵ㶵ķӵٶԽԽ죬쵽һ̶ʱͻȻըˣԪɵץסβˣֱӶΪأȻʧӰ١
ô£ѵΣˣ
Ԫɵ۴󾪣̽ԵĽһֻɫռ䣬˲䣬ֱֻʧȥȫҪԪɵ̺ˣֻ»ᱻɫռȥ
ĿɿڴһֻΪɫռ̫ˣ֮Ϊһ֮أҲ˿Ϊ
ԪɵۣġҲ鷳ǻɥ
޵񿪿˵ϾȻһĨЦ⡣
Ԫɵ㶣ܿЦˣ޵ѾΪ£޵Ҳܻ
û£̫ˡ
Ԫɵۻ˵꣬ȴ޵ɫ䣬徹ȻƲסˤڵأɫʱѿ֮
֮⣬ҲͬˣǽǧħҲͬʱӿˤ£һڵϣ¶ʹ֮״
ֺܿӣʱ޵ȵǿ뿪ǿҪħ֮Աˣ

Ԫɵһ£ɵ۷׷׳ˣħҲ˵ȫǼǧڵϣһȾ־塣
ԽԽ֮Уʧȥ֪ȵʱԼѾһѻɫϡ
ʲô
һ嵯𣬺ܿ췢ЩӾȻ壬кܿˣطǲ˵֮ء
粻֪˶꣬У˵صҲǣһɫռл߳ȥ
¹ȥˣЩ˽ֻʣ֮֮壬ɫռԵʣǻɫӡ
վ֮ϣЩӾͬһ㣬ûκεʶ壬ȡһ̽һ󣬷ӾȻǴ壬̺˾
ӵж٣
ʼ̽طͬһյĿռ䣬ӵҲٲڼš
ͼɳطʱܿ㱻Ϸѹʹ˷죬޷ռ䡣
а죬ô޷ɳ֮⣬ΧĿռ˻ɫӣǻɫӡ
̫дˣֱĽడ
а˺ܾҲ֪ôȥ仯屾壬Ҳ޷еķ
ѵҪԶı˵أ
ʮֵΣڱʮˣԼĿǰΪǸܳȥˡ
ڱ߽֮أ޷硣ħҲֳ֪ʲôôˣǵ᲻Σգɵֻ᲻ħ֣
Ǹָ޷⣬طԤ֮Ҳ޷ʹá
ΪʲôǶˣȴţ
пЦʵûа취ʱֻ취
ôܣɫռоȻ޷ǵù͸ˡ
Ա֮ĳ嶯лԼ᲻ҲΪһɫӣʧȥһʶȻ
·ţط˰꣬޷Ҳ޷𽥵ĸоʵ½ٲ취ֻĻΪһŻɫӡ
֮Ҳ첻ǺͬʧˣֱǺ첻Ӧصز顣
ˣֻƴһ
ȡһŻɫӣȻʼ˼ѵ֮·ڰ֮ǰɻɫӵ壬ȴʮֵĹŹ֣Ȼ޷ֽӣûҲû˿Чԣڰǰͷɵ뷨
ھ֮£ֻƴͼɻɫӣԭǿʧˣһӣѾһµʱ䣬ȴֻĴָСһС塣
õûʧȥ࣬ԼΪѾַٵĵˣȻѾ˵˵ڵΪ
ȫΪĹ࣬ԲŵΪˣĹƣȥҲûָܻԼΪ½ۼΪ
£ɵȴĹȴʹ࣬ƴȫɵЧȴĿò⻺ɷʽ


1903 
̽ܣռıڼֱӻҪӲܴȥΧıһ˶ϵ⣬벻ʲôķӳȥ
ֻܵˣ
оʱʲôԼԴ
һץǡץסǸԼԴĶִоһů⾹ȻҲһŻɫӣֻȴһ¶ȡ
˭أ
֪ɫӴ߽֮Ļɫռشһ˵Ҵ˵أԼɫռ󣬻˽룬ʮа˾ѰԼġ
ɢһ¶ȣѾ޷̽ɫӵ˭вЩǣǺ޵еκһˣо޷ܡ
Ȼϵ͹ϵȴ˵ֵܣǳԣǶκһΪԼⶼоܡ
ϣǧħеκһˡ
а뵽ԼѾ˵ĵزˣбҪӵ˭
ɣ
ЦȻֱʩչһ֮£ͻȻӵӲҪ࣬ȲٶȣȴҲ˶١
һ칦ȫɣյֻԽСһ֣ҲΪ֮ܡ
һֱָŻɫӺԵĳ˷ܡ
úһ㣬ԭͻȻȼһϣ˼ŸΰѾʱֵһŻɫӡ
ԥĽ֮ɣȻÿϵӣǣڴ֮󣬺ܾöûӵ䣬̾Լãصһʱȴزһ
ϵڱģʽΪάԼʵǺѰԼ˵ء
ΪʲôӺѱɣոյӾͿԱܿأ
ʵȻ˼Ū⡣
ǵõϵţٴʦƻҵԴоΪĿѧҡαУǲҲջأ
ԳЦЦȻȡһŻɫӣ߾ȫдȥеӷ֮С
ûƬ̣㱻еĴֻһĸı䣬Կɡ
һԽӸı䣬ֻҪȥлɫӶΪá
뵽Ȼһδεľӳȥ
ǧεʧֵܺʱҲԽԽһгһ־Ȼֻͽӵһա
һѾ˻ɫӵܣȻʼ˸Ϊ֮ȫǲʧ˶ٴΣֻ֪ÿһʧܣԼе֮ʱ᳤һ㣬ѾԽӾ졣
ʼ˷ɣÿɶϵĻɫӣɵٶȼӿ죬ΪָܿˣȻķģʽ
£ʵǿҲǿЩֻҪгһʱɵĽ֮ɡ
·ż䣬ռҲڷٵļ٣£оԼʵǿĿɲһǷǿ
Ҳ֪˶ãԼȻˣڵַʽǿԭеĵѾȫԽˡ
ڽĹУԼ·ҪըˣʱɵĻɫ̫̫࣬ڵޱȵĳ㣬Ͻʱ䣬ҲЩˣھʹоԼ̥ͬˣǰǿ˰ٱֹ
Ժгһ棬Щ澹Ȼ֮£ڵҲٴη䣬ͬһģʽڵҲڸı䣬оԼ֮徹Ȼʼˡ
ԺгֵЩ棬»ᱻŵİΪ˶̸֮ζ֮ѣǾζҲԶˡ
ƭңһﻹ˵Ҫԣʲôˮ֮ƣûнݾߡÿ츳һı׼Ҳһ˳ֻͼˣҲ˻Ϊмˣڳǿ󡣡
аȸĳԼ˽¸һΪãʱȡһܿ췢ֻһѶϢûнݾΪˣԻ񣬹
֮ѵֲܿҲҴ⣬С֮ܿѳС飬£Ȼ֮彥ˡ
֮廯Ϊ֮Уı׼𣿡
аԳԾԺгϵ֣ЩҲ֪ĵԼԺеģǳˡ
ҲҲ˵
аڵ֮ʧʱ徹Ȼըѿڴ֮徹ȻʼĹ̡
ȻһӤ
ԼͬոճӤΧǿԼţڹΧע֮УԴҲʹܿ㷢ԼʶҲˣȡ֮ʶʶ΢ӤĿٳɳʶҲԽԽǿ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãԼڳʮҵģƤ⻬ϸ󣬻ɢһ˵Ҳֹ˰ٱ


1904 Ψһĵ
ѵҾˣ֮еĻɫռг񣿡
ɿЦ治֪Ǹ˵ԼãǸ˵̫ˡ
飬û뵽ˣĳɳΧȴڱڡ
Щȫǿ壬ҲܸоķǿԶԶб˵ĸоҲ˷ܲѡ
Χһպ鲻ԽĺһȴΧĿռ侹Ȼæս͡
ĺôˣڰɣ
а漴ǿϲԺгֵЩ֮ȼ֪Լʶ֮ڣֻԼΪǾЩˡ
ôжľΪأ
ʱԺͻȻһ棬⻭澹Ȼ֪ģ֪ԼľΪĿɿڴԭԼʶͣʵȴʶ̫̫࣬˵ȫǲһȼ
ռ仹ԼĪһĻɫӣ룬ǾɣЩҲֻ˷
ʱԼǰǿ˰ٱֹϰٿŻɫӣԼȻһСʱȫˡ
֮ﵽʵɺЧҲرã˵ǰһŻɫӣֻܵõʮ֮һʧˣڳɵʮ֮ŵʵʧȴʮ֮һ
һʵοʶ̽£طеΪԣԼ֮ǰ˷ѵƺռ֮С
ѵɽҲҪ
аΧɺһɿռеӣһɿе֮ܿС
һպ󣬿еҲɵ߰˰ˣʱһܣǡýʱô벻׵⡣
Щ֮ʱ޷ȫ֮еѾõ˽֮еʶƺʱʧˣֻɲֵļ䣬ԴѾá
ЩʶѾԼڣֻȴûʶЩʶĴڣʱ֮ЩʶҲȫˡ
ʵķ˷ܲѣٴγ֮ʱеҲ޷ֹǰˡ
ڳ֮ǰеңɼֻڴʱԶԿķУҲ˿в
Ҳ壬ɫռ壬֮ܽȫɣգ
뵽ȥɫռеС
һӴϷеǿ£ֱӳ֮С
ǿͬΪĽʱѾ൱ǿ󷨾֧£еһգʼɻɫռ
ɫռԨ֮صĳЩ֮ͬĳǿɹ£ɫռҲԼٶȷ塣
ֻҪɹκεطɣɫռӴޱȵ壬̬£Ҳʱ䣬ɫռʧΡ
ɣᵼӲȣȻɣ
к⣬֮ǰǴڶǿУûдⷽ濼ǣʱ˿̣Щˡ
߽ĻɫռʧΪһ塣Ҳ֪ħĻɫռǲҲʧˣ
һϵеʣһȻ¶һĨصЦ⡣
ڿֲɺԼΪǣζǺ£Ȼһֱŷ͵ķʱɲ½һɽ֮ˡ
ͬɲ֮ˣԣܿΪڵۼڣֱȷ˷Լ״Ͽշȥ
ƽеϿգǻɫռ侹ȻǴڣԼҲ޷ɣвɰԳԾѵЩɫռάϵҪ֮
ǣıòȻĵִɽԵеɽһʯʱֲԶмɵش˵ء
η֮ˣȻҴһԪڽأ
һɵȵܿļɽһҪģ
ЦЦֱȭѣ·˵أѲҪˡǴҪɽء

Ϊ׵ɵ𾪵ʵ
ǵģ
ˣеϣҲ֪׹ȥ˶ַ꣬ʲô츲صı仯
ɷһֱش˵ض꣬ʱڣδ뿪˵أֻɫռƺ˺ܶ࣬ɫռȴǼΪ֮أɳ˽̽飬š
ߣƭ˭ɫռ䣬˿ͨСΨһһԳɫռ֮ˣҲѾʧٶˡ㵽˭
ɷЦû̶
̽һ˾ȻӵеڵΪڲԶʮħ۵ټΪһǺʱħǸϹ
ɷ⵽ô£Ȼ˸ҴһԪڵĽأ
˵ɱ
ɷ˵ԭǺҲЩ㶣ʵȷǴģ


1905 Ӣ
ǰ
ͷ֪Ϊ˼
ͨɫռ䣿
иͲţȴϣġ
ʲô𣿡
ʵ
ģ۵ˣһǰ˻ɫռ䣬šͨɫռ䣬ϣܰæѰˡ
ЦԷ㲻æԼҲҪǿȥѰ
ѽŪˣǽһĪ͵ǻɫռ䣬ôҽأѰ·Ϊ
͵öͬʱʧˣΧҲʧˣһ̾
СӣˣŪǣȥɣ
ɷŭ
ţ
˵
㻹ʲôԣ
ɷ
һԪǽ֮ˣ׵ɱˣ֪䴳˵أѶͱ뱻ɱ𣿡
˵
ߣһԪڽأðǰ֮ˣɡ
ɷĽͣеķŭҪ

Ҳƾ˴˽أһȭΪɱۼڵɵۡ
ಣ
˲ˣֱʧҲסˣ֪ôԼƤʧˡ
ôܣǵۼڵɵۣ
𾪵
ǰ̫ˣѵز¶ĸ֣ǣΪʲôҪأ
ɷҲЩɻ
ʮô벻ףѾ뿪ɽԵ֮أʱǲҪκԼŵϢ
󰡣һۣһٶ꣡Ҳ֪絽׷ʲôı仯һԪôˣ
к֪ЩĴ𰸣ȴҲЩˣϣԼȥŪϢ
ɽ磬һ˷ţܿ;һɳǣɳǳſʱһˡ
һٶȥˣȻⰡ
аϲܿ췢ֲԶжڵɵۣ˲ʱԼǸˡ
ǸˣһۣҲоųƣվڳſڣԶһŮӡ
Ůӹۺŭ⣬޵Ķǰɳǣĳȹ趯վڳſڣһѵķ羰
磬ǻ˰ɣɳǿɽպɳǣҲɽǰλ߰ɣ
Ůзŭȴʧȥǣסӵĸ첲
ڣԲκ۸㣬۸㣬ҾҪǸۣ˭
ն˵üһ̺޾ŭ⡣
ŮӼȰסԽżһΧвעԼæ˵磬ɱɳ𣿡
Ȼᣡ
ӿ϶˵ԭŭѸٵʧһȻһĨаȵЦ⣺㲻õģûôçײ룬ʦδ
磬ʦ˭ô꣬ɴδ˵ʦ֡
Ů֪ԼңԲޱ֮ˡ
һ죬һġʦһ޶ӣûûҽһСǣҾԼûʸ֣޷ﵽɽǿļҲκǰ֡
ӹִ˵ʦʱһԺЦ⣬Ҳһ㶣ɵСӣԼɲһĳݰ
ˣἰҵ֣ǲϣҵͷϣͨԼŬСӣȻ־Ψһĵӡ
аȻ֮ǰ½ҲһŮΪͽɶͨͽĸȴȫĲͬ
ҺĽʦ
ŮЦ˵
Ϊ˵أ
ҲָϵЦ⣬ߵŮʵ
ΪҸоʦĸʼǵһλģңеķҲûʦеķءҵȻĽʦˣһӣһΪеԺġ
ŮЦԽ
㲻Ҫ˵ûʦûҡûʦˣᷢôôˡУʦ̫ˣһһ޷Ķ顣ȻҵŮˣǾҪҵʦĽҲʡ
аȵһЦˣСӾЦЩԼ⵽ǹģôЦģ
ǻȻɰɣСӣһģû뵽ı˵ӣ˸ж
ԶԶӣЩƲסҪȥϡ
ڶ˵֮ʱһ˲˶ˣɵ۶ŮаֱЦȫӵĴڡ
ΪֻʾɳڵΪŮͬΪʾڵΪ
Ϊɽ˵ΪʵڲߣȻ鷳
磬ߣҲ뱻Ӭš
Ůĸ첲ҪߣΧĲ˶עŶˣ˴ͷ£Ȼῴ֡
С椣Ŀ濡ΰ߰ɣ
Ǹ˵ɪЦ󻹸żˣȻǳԶ˶ˡ
ˣΪ֮ϣȴͬһ˵ݲͣȴˡ
û߳һȣվס
ͣס˽ŲȻԷԼα顣


1906 ɳ
»أ򣬺Ը
Ȼ˵Ѿɱ⡣
֪˭ڵˣСøɣɾ뿪ˣǻ鱾С
Ǹ˵ڶǰЦ
ݺ󣬲˷׷˵ԶԶģΨֵݵļһкЦҲһͬЩϲѰǷǣ鷳ĸȻһΪҲڣûµķ
Բ³ĴʵһΪӦõڴ޽ɳڰɣҲɵۣŵ̬ٶӵеۼ֣ɽק˼졣
νӢ۶ث֣һ˵һˣɱҲζһ鷳
۶ַûȤѰ·Ǿͱֱ۳ˡ
ȵһ۵˶һ
Ǹ˸һԶӶҪɳˣԶԶĴô̽鶼ֻʾɳڵΪ
ƭˣɵۣǱɻأ
Ǹ˰סеľţ治ŶԷǵۼ֡
߰ɣˣ
һ˸ϽȰͷɽ粻̫ƽ֪ӺʱɽĵۼͻȻ˺ܶ࣬ϵۼ֣ԶΪ
ȥС˵ģʲô˵ɵۣѵǲ𣿡
Ǹ˲ͷ˵Ȼ˵ǰ
ڴʱ˶ԼԣͬʮҪˣһ֣Ҳ΢΢һ
ѵǴ˵еԵעڴ˵
ЦЦǸԼٶȷ󻹸Ŷˡ

˵һץ˶ʱȻķԼ徹ȻԷȥ
㲻ɱңҵĸɵۡ
Ǹ˼˵
㸸ɵۣʲôϵģɱ֮㸸׸ѰǱ۽㸸Ҳһˡ
Ȼһצ֮ץȻ֮УðһŻʱȻֱ˵֮塣
ĻҲˣ
аϲ̽鵽ΪȻѾﵽ˵ۼΪٶȻʮѸ٣Ҳ˶
Ǹͬʱˣ֮󣬼һ仰˵תӣ
ӣ
˵׷ȥһһɱȻԷ˵֮װ룬ǴһЦ⡣
ҵķҲ£ɱ⼸ҲǸɵ׷ɱ⼸޷赲£๼
а룬֪ûл档
˷׷ԶˣΪǸۼݽɫ˭Ҳð
磬뿪ɣ
Ů˵
ã
񻰸˵꣬ȴһȣСӣߣ
鷳ˣǶ㶼㲻
ԳЦܿ췢Ǵɳ֮б󻹸źüˡ
ãȻǵۼ֡
аһԵŮҲɫ
ӣ
ŮӶʱ⡣
ͬʱ˲ƣȴֱһƵ˻ʱͬʱ󾪣Է׼
ǻܣֱǳ롣
һ˵
Ůͬʱɽ˵ҲẦ£ɱˣȻ뿪
͸֮Уܿʮˣʮڴ˵أһĶǰˡ
ˣұΧɱҴһˣȻˡ
Ůָ˵
ˣɳǵʵȻǿ󣬾Ȼôʱʮɵۣɽ磬ûжôǿʵ
͸ģԶԶĹսһս˺ܶˣɳ֮вǰĿĵȻǹս
ɵۼսսô࣬ٿѧϰۼֵĲٹ
ʮҲһǶ˵Ķ֣ɵСҵôһ椣ΪȻ֮¡С椵ʵԸӦò⣬ԸҲӦеһƴɵСһԸ߸ҲӦûʲôѶȰ뵱ʦӲԽս˶û⡣
ţ֪ͲҪԼ֣οڲԶжڵĸ֣Ҳ֪кĿġ
ǵĿˣȻɵɱ֮ƣĹƣ˺пǸٶˣɱ˶ˡ
ڣԶɵۣͣ˽֮⣬һ˷ֽе󣬵Ϊ֮һϲϢûдȻ
ӣϢѸٸ֪İĵӣҲԼͽȻɱ
ɳ̫Ȼ۸ҵͽͽڴˣš
¼ǿǴ˵еǿߣɽһԪڣҲһִԪɵҲʵ
ȻӲδǰһԪڣһֱŬŬľĥ£ڲϵͻΪѾﵽ˵ڵΪ
ͽܻȻ˵ۼڵΪԿ
ԳЦЦǲսΪͬսԣһܺõĥᡣ
񵹲ǰʮۼ֣ǵʮ֮ɳǣɳǼɽһߴɳǣۼƣǲɳǱǿš
ڣųɽʮ֮һھٶǰɽսۼƣɽӵźպ
һǾԲǿţֻǣ۸ԼŮˣԲ̵顣ûжԷһεķҲҪɱڣΪֻع
ʮɵ֮УۼڵɵۣڲԶüŮˣ뽫ץߣ⵽ǿҵķ˫սһ˷ǳ˿߲
ǰɳǣûüɳǵɵ۱ȴɳǵ˷ԣѾ϶ĳǵǽˣҪͽⶼûпܡ
ɱеģŮ¡
һɵȵ
ߣ
һɽѾն˵֮ˡ
Ҳͬʱ˫ϲͬͬأǹǷĬ֮
мһ֣֪ûС
һ˵Χ»һ˺ߣ츳ȴԶһʱöʮ˸ܵ˼ѹ
֮£ʮɵ۲δռκεƣΪʶ̫࣬սԵòĬһֱһˣϵս׶ˣ㱻ֱɱ
ɱ
սͬһɱÿһ֮ƣĿԼǿķ£ʮɵ۶ǱʵҲ˽Ч
ͬս˷ռһƣý֮˶סˣʮ־ŭһսӮᶪۡ
ûɳǵҫһҪǡ
һɵŭ
ʮ˺ܿγһΧȦȴǲȦףͬһһ㣬ʮ֮ȥʮ˵ĽȴǴ󲿷ֶˡ
ʮȫĶ֣ʮҲ򲻹ʵҲ̽ʮ˱ᱻȺɱ
ʮ͸Բ³˼ֻǲ֪ƾʲôԸͬɵ۵֮塣
ĻΪǻɵĿ֮ͬ壬ԣʮɵ۶ԣζżѵս
һɳǣ΢΢һ̣¶ʮֲмı飬ȴһԣĶսˡ
ɳǣǸ۸۵ͽǱ۾ǸѪĴۣ
аһѾƹƣɳǵķȥ
Ҫɱˡ

ȻһΣ˲䱬ԭ׼͵Ϯɵ۷һĲҽУһ̫죬Ǹɵ۸Ӧ
սѾأԣһն׼Ļᡣ
֮ҪӶʱ裬һɫƿ͵ɢһǿҵĺâ֮巢ҽȻȷƿС
⼸˲䷢飬ͬʱˣΪͬ˴˾޴ѹ
ѾɱһðļһţҲܿᱻɱ
ŵĻöͬʱоһ
󣡡
һ˴׼ʩչ󷨣ԵӵĽ񣬶ֿԵӽ󷨣궼ʮֵУǵսʱõķ
ಣ
˲ˣȻ˵ӽĻᣬû͹ˣһһĬԸǿҵֻš
һ˲ɱҪĽһҪ˲ƹһԹ˲Ͼ
࣬ʱȴʧȥκε壬ɱһˣͬռ֮壬˶ʱ־ˣ£Ҫȫûлᡣ
湥ˣʼʩٴʩչ˲ƣΣһɱʣµͬʱˡ
뵽ɵǵڵɵ
𣿡
Ȼ˵
л磡
Ц˵ǳݡ
ĻͬʱһȻɽ¶һЦ⣺£¿ᡣǸ´ʱԣۻΪˡǴƸ£ǸµΪǿġ
ô
Ц
νʶ츳ף֪ʲôţ
ɵЦ˵пڵȴԮΪԼ˿ɲĶ֡
ɢ֮ˣɡ
񵭵˵еɱͻȻʧӰ١
ʵ̫ˣѲԿǼڣ۶гƼѣ
ɵЦ˵Ҳͬʱ飬һɽˣֻԮ
ǴĹɱ֮򲻹ίߣĻҲӡ
䣬ٴʩչ˲ƣͬʱ˲ơ
СӣģȻ֪Է˵ǻԣ
дޡ
Ϊɵ۷ɽ䱸£ֱӱɱˣ֮⣬ɵҲûӹ˽١
ʣµɵ۶ܣͬʱĸ룬ٶ롣
ƣ񲢲ս֪ɳǵĸƣʱܣܾҲûлˡ
΢ЦĵͷĿӶȥӻصɵȴǱֱ֮ɳ֮С
֮ɳ֮жݳˣһһŮеӢŮƯŷҲ޼ȥͬһɰ¡


1907 еľ
˳ֺаԿЦŮôѵѾԼ
޹˵ȣ
ȵ˶֮زز˵Ҽڳ⣬ҪôУҪôԶԶߡ
һЦһ֣ŶɵѸȥеķߵķ
˶Զ˶ˣȴȻվԭأЩźЩŭŮôأҪǱˣǱԼ
ЩΣԼԭΪʲô鶼ܺýȴһµѴ֮£ⲢʵԽġ
ӰĻΧڲԶվţжʱŭĶɱ
ŮľȻĵͷȻɽʱ۾ûգһ£Ϸ¶һĨаȵЦ⡣

Ů㶣ǰӾȻԼһʶĸоЦ⣬һˣǣǸ˳һҲ
Ǹˣ紫˵еӢۣȻҲΰ󣬶ǰˣȴǳƽΪҲʮСȫᲢۡ
ɵڴˣΪβرܣѵ㲻𣿡
ŮӲδ֣ʵ
ãȻҡҡͷûлش⡣
ˣ߰ɣ´μסˣɵǲϲ˴ģһҪײ㽫ɡ
Ů̾ʾȥ
ͷӿһжѾת䣬ɾԲԥɱ˲棬ǣȴˡ
뿪һȻǶŮӵĿʮֲȴҲû˵ʲô
ɳۼɵ۱ɱ¹شһܷŹ֣ǲδԶϢһ·׷ɱȥһҪɱǡ
˵Ȼս֮أ͵вϢӾͬһһʵģò˶ãϱ¶˵֮Ц
ˣ׷
˵꣬ͬʧŮȴפͣ˲䣬ͷȻҲǰȥ
γŮȥĵطЩ꣬û뵽Լɫռаٶ꣬紫ԼѾҲЩţҲЩš
ҵģչҵģҵģǿ
ѹסеɱ⣬ָܿԭеһ󣬻Ǿ׷ȥ˫սˡ
һʦͽܣһˣ˫սȻԹۣԲ׷˹ȥ
ΪֻҪһ˲ƣɵִ֮Ҫ뿪ɽ磬ҲֻǶݵʱ䡣
ӵĺܿ죬У˹˼Ȧαװ·ߣһ۵ɽ֮С
ɽ֮иɽɽǶ˵ľݵ֮һΪطͨԸȫ
磬ΪҵڣԺô죿
ŮЩǵʵ
ģʦ˵޾֮·۸ͷϣûھõġǵΪǿҪڶԿǲʵġɳӦеڸ֣׷Ҳ޻֮ڵΧҪɽ磬һȥĵطҲ޳ĪȵͷȥǵΪҲͲΪˡ
Ц˵ֹҲͷ¶Ц⡣
ãھ뿪ȥģұȥģҲֿˡ
ᶨ˵
ţһߡںδͬ
ˮ˵ӵŻˡ
˶Ů鳤֮ʱȴüһɽڲȻĵˣ
֮ɫط֮ѷԲǧﶼû˵ĴڣʱôͻȻأ
ߣԳû˿ӹ۵׷١
ǸӢɵɽϿգޱȵ˵Ҳ֪⻰ڶһԵŮ˵ģǶɽ֮µ˵ġ
ǣɵɽһɵۣһԹܼ
Ů˵Խߵɵˡ
ʲôӣ˵ˣ۲һƽϣˣڱ۵Ľˡ
ɵεĿЦҲ֪ߵŮΪξǲϲԼһ˼顣
ɵ֮жʱãɵۣɲһɵۣûмǴӦǵڵɵۣʵ쳣ǿ츳Ҳʮ־ˣΪ˸߰Դ󣬵ȷʵԴʱ
ɫͻȻ԰׵ĺѪɫν˵Ӱɵ֮ʱ֪ڽӡ
Ȼǿˣɻûеڵĸ֣һȫͬڵĸսԼһûκεʤ㡣
ҵĴ磬Բ䵽ĵز
аʱ͵ı²ͻʧ
ɽļһǸóˡ
ɵ۲˵֪Է˵ΪȫԼĶ֣Լһλ治ɱ˵ģֻǰһԵŮ
ɽĸ󣬶˿УеĶ˿ʮǿ
οָˣ㶯ְɣģб۰ѹ˭Ҳ˺㡣


1908 ǲһԪ
ɵۺٺЦǿ׶ȥ
ŮӶ·ĶˣЩ̣룬׿еǶɱɵۣǿ֪
ⲻ飬ɵңҲŻǶ֡Ҫֻ֣ܹڵɵ̫ˡ
뽫Ʋϵ
ߣΣɱɵۣѾԸսԸͶ
Ů˵
ɶôǵƣôɱأ
ŭ
˵ˣǲĽͣһŵϣǺһ顣
Ц
мʶ۵飬Σ
Ů˪
һǴá
һʮֲᡣ
ˣ˭Ҳ޷ߡ
ɵ˵
죬ִУְǸ
Ůǳǰɵͨ죬Ȼ˳Ϲȥ
ˣʲôۻֲѵΪŮͽˡ
ɵŭˣ޲̾ͽŮռΪУжһҲ޷ơ
ʲô
ŮӴ󾪣мɽɽȴԼĲϡ
ߣɱһУ㻹ʵʽ𣿡
ɵ۱ĵ˵̬ǰˡ
Զ뱾ۣ򣬱ˣŭ㵣𡣡
ŮӺʾв
ߣѵǰҲвһ𣿱ͽߺߣƣ뱾Уʱ򣬱ۻãܣһһ۵Ķ¯
ɵ˵꣬ȻŮӺٺֱЦ
ŮסеΪ˵õϢԼڴ˵زȻȴûһ˿һĺڡ
һͬ汾ۻȥɣãҲǼڡ
Ůӵࡣ
ڲԶжڵɵ෴ķ򣬶Ȼסг嶯ûж
ôأƴֿѡʱͶ
ʮֺôҲڴʱȡ
ڴʱЦЦŮЩȣǰɵҲ⣬ô·Цأ
磬ôˣ
еʵ
û£
˵Ȼ̾һ˵ССһڣȻҪۣδ̫ԴˡѵΪɽ֮Уûвŵ˴𣿡
˻
ŮӾʵ
ɵȴǲмЦеĽ͡
֪˱۵ʦ˭ǾͲôˣ
񲻼æ׼ȵԷθڡ
Ҳ̾˿֪ΪˣδùʦһΣ֮ʵΪԼ
ʦ˭ѵһ˻вڣ
ŮԲţǰɵ۸һĳЦ
ʦһԪ֮ˡ
ǲ˵֣ܾ˵Ƕһ衣
һԪڣ
ͬʱ󾪣Ůһľ㵣ǰɵҲĶǷ˵ѡ
ʦ˭һԪʲôݣ
ɵ׷ʵ
ʦһԪ
Ժ˵г˶ľ
ŮãȻҡҡͷЩˣԷ˵֣ԼҲʲô׻˭أ
ôܣôеӣ
ɵ𾪵˵ȻѾ֪˶Է֮ˡ
ðɣѾ˵ˣǿŰɣ
һɣвŶԷðһԪΪеΣԸԼˡ
ɵۣʦ˭
ŮӸоͬڹָоʮֲˬ
ɵۺһЦ˳ޣ⵹ҲһѵҲ޷вԷ
ãʦĵˡ
пЦ
ߺߣʦһɣ۱ɵǵʱУֻҲʦ֮֡ڱУˡΪ޷𣬿û뵽˻ᡣ
ɵ۵Ц
ס֣㲻ɱҪǻɳǣǣһԪڣҾԲɱ𼣡
Ůӵ˰ɵǰ
˭Ҳ޷ۣ
ɵЦ͵һȭǰŮѪˡ
Ҫ֣֪ǰɵ۲δɱУǱ㰴סˡ
ಣ
Ӱֱɽ֮УðɵҲɻͷܿ췢ɵ۽ɽ֮С
ʦ棡
񼤶ĳƺһڣбڲѣʱгڴˣԼôܱ¶ʦأ
þòɣ
ӹЦǲż
ʦҲˣ̫ˣ챾۾ͽһ򾡡
ɵѾ˳֮в԰Σܹ侲ôһԪ֮ԡ
ΪƾڵΪͺ
Ӳԣһڱ𾪡
ѵΪڵΪսʤ𣿡
ɵ۵ʮֵĲм
ʦһΪ㽾ġ


1909 ҳ
ӶЦͲǰɵۡ
ʦ棬㲻ҵġ
ǰɵ۵ĻѾ֪ӵΪԶˣһսԼһʤļʷǳ֮С
һԪڵĵӣα衣ҪĺңҲҪĺҡ
Ӵ˵ɢһǿս⣬սðɵҲɰԳԾѵԷпԽսԼ
ڵɵۣǼһϣҲǱ۵Ķ֡
ɵʮֵš
ಣ
Ƕֱɽȣ˵ǰ˶㶣Ϊ˽Բʶˡ
ɵۣ۸һԪڵˣӿǲС
һЦɢǿҵɱ⡣
ŰɵʮְһȻˡҲһԪ֮ˣɴཫҵȶɱˣԾ󻼡һĺܲҺܲҡ
һҲ˵
֮бӣ⻹ǵһӵ˲ʶˣ˵ݣʱ¶ϲɫ
Ӳ̫İտԶԸǰɵۣʱԼòͦ
һԪڵĵڸ֣ǣ֣ҲǱ۵Ķ֡
ɵۺЦɢʱ򣬶Ķɵ֣ȴ˼֡
ãһĸ֣ڵڵɵУҲٮٮߡӦòĶ֡
жϵŶ˺վһ
ŮҲ˺ڵĸֿɲԼԶԸģоڰɵ۵ʵԭһֱʵװԴļ
֮¡
Ůджϵʱ׶ԷΪθҶԼˣԭΪԼʵ
ģֻҪɱеκһˣô㶼ᱻһԪ׷ɱ
һɵҲûԤϵԷǿ
ô۾ֻɱˡ
ɵʩչ˽ƣС
ɵ۽߾ȫɶ˵ƻǲɵۣɵЦһԪΣʱ˵أֻ˭ܾǣһԪڵǰҲȲǡ
ֻǰɵţ˵ĻԶҲ벻ǣ仰Ȼõ˻Ӧ
ô
һ˵ĶС
˭־ͳ
ɵ۴󾪣û뵽ΧиֵĴڣжʱоЩ
ಣ
ǰֻıòı˶ʶʱ
Ǹˣ
Ůгһ˲֮ǰײɵ۵ֻнɳڵΪôܻ
˶㶵Ϊ˶ЩͷԣɵȴСΪղŵĴοԼõĽƣԷܴ룬˵Ҳǵڵɵۡ
˭
ɵ۱ȭЦпɲΪС
ҲһԪ֮ˣҪɱһԪڵӣԲǰһѵǸŵļһô
΢Ц˵һЦʱüͬʱһ㶡
𣿡
૵ܿ
оĺ
ͷҲеľȡ
𣿡
ŮҲĿĶо˵Ϥֲȷ
ǶһԪڵĸͬʱȭһʵѺųһԪ֮ˣҵôδš
Ѿ˳һԪڣǾͲҪ֪ˡ˵бɣǶ˿Իȥˡ
Ŷ˵
˶һۣлǲ²͸ݡ
ѣڽ֮У뿪˵أ˵ǵûн
һ˿Ц
Ҳգߣͷǻ𡣡
˵꣬һӣ˶ʱоһ͵Ĵ֣ת˲֮䣬Ѿھɽ֮ĵط
˶Щɵˣ˺һһ˲˵ϻˣҽǿ۽ˡ
ǰʵ̫ǿˣǿ޷ֿǰĻȥɣ
һ̾
ǣǵûɣһӳʲô⣬ǿɵ𰡣
õģôڣôܳ⡣ϧˣ޷Ŀðɵ֮ˡ
һȻһԪܲȥ
֮ͽͳ˽ƣǰɵҲ֪˵ʲôˣͬһˡ
ǰʵ̫ǿˣҲ֪ʦûǰ
𾪵˵
϶ûУ
ӿЦǰˣʵƺȫԽ˵ΪڴˣҲܻĶ֡
磬ʦȻҲܴﵽʵġ
Ҳ˵⵹ǴֻʵҪäĿĳһˡ
㵽˭
ɵвˣ鲻Խʵˡ
˭ҪҪ㲢ɽɵۡ
ЦȻһѾŮߡ
ſң
ŮӷԼֱǣסˣԼͲʶʱҲŮɽնʱȴԼɽҲ޿κΡ
ң
һı䣬ʱͬʱ
㣬㣡
ŮӾȻ󼤶ĻС
̫ˣ㾹Ȼʶ
ɵ۾ϲ˵
ʶʲô飡
ŮʱڼȻܵκ˵вΪ˵֪ϢȲѼڣĿľΪҵȴԴҪЮԼ
ʸеģ
䣬ָ̧һֱϮɵۡ
ɵ۸ûʱܣıͣս׵ķӦÿԵסԷͻϮ
ͣ
һ죬ɵ۷ս׵ͷȻ̳һڣԼ촽ҲԷĽˣͷ˲䱻ˡ
һָࣿ
ŮĿɿڴɵ֮Ҳҳˣг𺳣𺳡
Сӣ㲻ǺôҿɣҲ㡣㻹浱һԪڵĵӺ۸
΢Ц˵
ǰ
ɵ֮巢ȴôĿЦ
ðɣۻûžۡ
ЦЦһâ⺮âɵۣɵ۷Լ徹ȻٵŤܿγһ״
ɵ۲ҽţĸطŤ֮Ҳ⣬ûãͷ­ҲŤˡ
ɵ۵֮ǰʱͬһܲԲ壬ʱ˶һһ㶡
΢΢һЦɵ۵֮ͻȻʧڿУʱ񹧾ʦ

ͷȻڰ֣ϲվ
ʦ
Ҳȭ˵Цǿͽܣһ޷ݵҸ
ҽһ£λǲӣ
ǣŲӵ˵ȻָŶˣʦӣͽλŮӦͽܵӣ
һһҸŷδţʦȻɽˡ
ʦʦĸ㻹Ÿʲô
Ц
ʦʦĸ
ֵ
һЦЩ
ʦͽڴ˵ؼ棬Ҳ˶û뵽ģӣҲоȫԵ¡
Ǹ߸֮ˣǰֵʮͣһЦ⣬ڳ֮ˣֻЩŲΪ˽Լĳ
Ҳû뵽ͽܣͽϱеڵΪʦȴֻеڵΪ̫ˡ
磬ʦǺ𣿡
˺档
ҵֺͨҽ
˵Ͷϲ£ôû뵽ĿеӢ
ԭ˵ͳ˧ħɽΣ֮еľʦ⣬̫ˡ
֮Ļ
ɳǸ۸һԪڵĵӣѰ·ߣɱɳǣ֪һԪڵ

ʦ㲻ΪͽͽΪ̫ˣԲŻᱻɳǵ۸
æȰ
ɵСӣΪͷûйϵ
Цæҡͷʱ˵һΪͷһڣȻ۸ҵô꣬Ҳǻͷˡ
˵˻ʱӼĿˣֻЩĿ඼ûа׳ԣԼôĺá
ȻλֹԼŮɵۣ˴޷ΪԼŮ˳ͷԼʲôˡ
һ˳ɳǷȥڵִɳǺ󣬲Ӵ׼ɳ֮С
ˣڵݻܱ¶ǧ˵¶졣ڿʼҽġ

˷׷׵ͷʱ͵һ߷ɳǵƣΪʱ˺䶯Ч
ηˣ˲񣡡
һλ˵꣬ѾץУ֮㾪ȣ
ɣ
ӷɳȥȴûɱϾΪܵͣҲ۸ͼˡ
ɳǵɵǣҳˡ޹ʿԶɳǣԸ
ȵȻ֮ɳǵĳš
ſǵۼּӹ̹ģɳǵĽҲ˲䱻ƣֻӶɳǵĳǽѸٵ̮
ʦǰ̫ʹˣ
޳ɴЦ˵ݺγʱ˵ĿĴ̼£ҲоԼЩҲɽɳǵĳǽ
ӿɴûɹôŵ飬һμͽܣͽﶼˣҲˣֻʣ²ƶЦ
ɳɽ˺ܾãôϵɳǣĵ̣˳ţ⵱Ȼɳǵ˺ӡ
ܿ죬ʮ˳˳ǿΪҲڣЩ˺ǳһͻȻϳ˲ӡ
ɵѱˣɳǵͽ
˴
˵Ůͽȥɣ
һ֣ȴƴУ˶㶣Ϊˡ
ʲôɵСӣʦ㻹ȥ
Цźǳ
ǣʦ
޳ɷӦ͵ĺĸɱǧģʦȥɣ
ǸҪܣȴֶ֮һԼͱץסڣ뷴ȴԼѾʧȥԭе

˾ֵĽе˷׷С
ʦߣ
ɱγΪۼˣﻹ˵ǰ
лл㣡
Ц
ʦĸӦġ
Ц͵Ц
ǾڳͷϢǰ
ЦȻ˷һλδ̮ĳǽ
ĳͻ⹥ڳзɱһѸɳǣҲһƴĺˣЩۼҲǰΪԷӪе񼶸ֵĴڡ
ģ̫ˡ
Ц
ˣ磬ûЩ֪һǰô
ɵ̽鵽ɳǵĶ֪ǰۼѾʼˣ֪ǲӵĶ֣ͬʱɳǣȻããɽ֮С
ԼĪƬ̺ڸˣ˽ǵڵɵۣһ֣һ˶ʱŭˣ㾹Ȼҹɳǣ
ͽϱ
ὣɱϣֱ˲ɱͬΪڵɵۡ
ۣʦ츳ǿ󣡡
о̾
Щû뵽ʦԼֻҲпܻܱɱĴ
һڸ֣ӵǿŵˣ룬Ҳû׷ɱֻ֮ǰԲѷ֮˵׼
ʦΪǲ̫ײˣ
ٺЦ
ɵСӣûײеİɣǿûɱˣײеˣһὫĳΪƽأɱ¾ȫ֮ɡʦңһҲײС
Ц
ţʦ˵еʦһġ
һЩȴЩƣҳӣ̸ֺʲôģ


1910 з
ɳǣ˷ɢ룬ϢĴڣĴºܿγ˺䶯Чɳ֮⣬ԶԶĿ̽ţЩ˶עɳǡ
ɽ磬ĿŵĹǿɳǣǺܺ飬ǼռɳǵĳţҲûж˻Ϊɳ޷Σ
΢Цվڳǽ֮ϣڻɫռΪǣҲżɳǵĳӣʱ˿̣оԵſڡ
һ˵Цȫ׼һսΪĵ˶ܷɣʵһäĿĳݡ
ûãɳǵĶһΣɵǶһʮɵ۷˳š
ģڵĸ֣ڵɵۣۼڵɵۡ
СѵϾڶ꣬ɳǵɵ۲İ˵ЩѾɳǵǿڡ
ԭɳһڵĸ֮һİɵѾɱԣʣµĶڸټºٸϵ
֮һɳǵĳɵǺѣʱĻӶˣһ̽вɷ
ڵɵۣۼڵɵۣһֻнɳڵΪƾ˱ɳţ
ЩףߵڸȻʧЦۻΪһǿţ˭ȴһȺ۵ļһ
ӣ˽ɳǣ֪
ŲӺȵǶѵĳǽԼɹĳˣлΪŭġ
ڳ󣬾ۼĳеˣЩ˼Գһʱġ
Ѿ֮ˣڵɵ۵˱۵ͽϱ۵ȻҪֻع
Ȼ
ƾˣʲôֻع
һڵɵۿЦûӵʵУΪҪ˳ԼͿԽЩ֮ˡ
ͬʱǳ֮ˣǶԷеɵ۵ĴڣͰ಻סɱ˹ȥ
ܲ񣬲֪ƾʲôأ
Կ˵ˡ
ߣͼˣûʸ뱾˵
ɵֻһۣܿıͷȥƺ¶ԷĵͼΪȾԼ

Цһӣɵ۵ͻȻʧ
˵Ŀ֮УȻѾĽűߣڵأţȴʼ޷
ɳһɵһûʹʲôȻɵסһڵɵۡ
Сӣûʸ˵
һ̤ɵ۵ؿڣһţȱ⣬ɵҲû뵽ԼôͻȻ޷ˣԷһżҪԼ
ɵо֣һ̤Ѫʱڿ־ĺ
ſ
־ŭ͵Ķ
˵ſҾͷſΪ˭ѵɳǵĳݺб¹ͱ졣
ʮֿ˵ⷬȴǳֱӱ죬ΪԷʲôˣղŵֶҲǵڵĸ֡
ɵĿƵڵɵۣ㻻ңҲδؿѵʵԶҶ𣿡
˼һڵɵۡ
ͬʱҡҡͷ֤Ūʱ˲ǸڵɵۣעΪƷ
ûʸ˵ĺ
˵֮䣬͵һţǵڵɵ۲ҽһ徹Ȼߵըѿǿ֮˽¡
ǰС֪ˡ
ڵɵ۾ֵġ
֪̫±ӻڵ°ɣ
һŲ£˵֮廯ΪɫķĩһĻ˶鲻ԽĴ˸
ʦ״ﵽʲôʵˣô
ȵ赭д֮£һڵɵĻᶼûУͬһССϣˣδ̫˳Ծˡ
ɳǳԪ֪Ǻ֮ˣ
ȭ˵ΪԼһɱһɵ۶ֳȷŭ෴ʱ̬ȵǱ֮ǰҪࡣ
ֻǿ߲ǿأ仰׼ɳǵĳһףʱǿоѾ»СС»ޡ
һԪ֮ˣֲҲա
˻һ͵һŵЦݶӲˡ
ԭһԪڵǿߣһᰡһʲôᣬһĳǵ˲֪ݣðѣԭ°
ĳЦ˵
һûΪѹ㣿
شȴ˲ӡ
ɳǴܵѣȻҲûôԲӿǣӵͷǶʲôöòȻ
Ŷ
ͷ
ᰡᣡӣĹڣΪû˵һԪڵѣ㲻˵Ҳ֪
ĳЦ
ϻ˵ֻ·һ
֪һĳܾί֮ίȴΪ˵õԼϢ˵һжΪԼ
ƺ̫ˣѵһԪ֮˱ΪΪȻһԪڣҲһԪҶġ
ŭˣ嶯֮¼ɽߵĵڸͬҲɽ
һȺС󣡡
˵֮䣬һѾ˶ǰ
˻δüȴһץһͬŶһ㣬˾Ȼû
Ƕ˲£˸޷˳ǽϣʲôı̬֡
ǰ
ѾϵĿʼģɵ۷ֳԷסһ֣ͬʱݡ

һƣ˵ѾƬ˵֮Ҳʧ
ɱڵĸ֣
˶˶ֱǷ˵Ĵڣʵ̫ǿˣǿס
ڻʲô˵㣿һһҰ㱨мǣҲκεĹ˼ɡ
ƽ˵
ӲڵЩǿߣЩˣһĿԼûܵ۸ԼɱҪЮֻº롣
ڵһֱӣҲΪԵʣ˲ŻӲŵɳ㡣
˵һֺЦЦò˵ô֣Щ˶Ȼ²ˡĴ
ãȥڡ
˵ֱ꣬˲ơ
ھɳ֮ңһ˲ƣѾڵɽ֮
磬ʦֱʵ޷󰡣
Ե
ʦܵģͺ˵֪һҲûŰɣ
˷ܲѣΪǿʦ
ûУһҲûУ
ͷ
Ҫ˵ҵͽܣֻɽ˻Ű
Цŵ٩ͬΪʵԺ
ʦһᳬڵʵ޼ޣʦѾˣԷƱȻʦˣʦҲоûӰɣ
Ц
ʦ棬ҪŬˣһ׷Ϊʦʵ
ʮ˵ֱơ
Ц˵Ƕûа취ǣͽҪҵΪǺѶȰɣҾ͵ţʱܴҡ
˶ˣ⼸˲ͬʱЦһԪڵʦͽ˿öŮЩˣ˵һһ⡣
ڣһ֮ʮ֦չŮӣЩŮӣΪҲﵽΪ
ʱɳǴϢŪĺ£ңֻʣһȺŮ˵Ķҡ
ɽΣ
ͻȻʵٶ궼ǻɫռ֮жȹ緢黹治
ʦɽ˵һͳˣһԪΪɽһšֻߺʱ䷢˺ܶ飬һԪڵĴɢ󣬷ָɽһԪҲ޷ȫɽ硣ɽ磬֮ԲڣҲԭġ
ش
ʲôԭ򣿡
ʵ
ԭӦǶ෽ģҵĲ²⣬һԪڽҪʵڱɽ磬˵ȫĿ˱ɽ硣ǶطĿƣԶԶ籱ɽ硣Ϊֲ㣬һԪƫɽ磬طҲһԪڵķֲֻȴòĴɣͬɽ硣ɽ磬ɳǱǰĴţɽһԪڡԣֵ飬һԪҲ׶ڣΪںпܻӰ֡


1911 һԪ

ʦأ
ʵ
Ĳ״һԪڵʵȷʵɽŵڶûɸճƵһһԪڲȫһͳɽ磬ǸʵԣٵطдıƷһԪڵıͳΣһԪڵѹڱɽ磬Ҳ֪Ǽ١
ӿЦһֱעһԪڣһԪڱǿޱȣڱɽ֮⣬ʵȴǿ󣬵ȻЩ꣬ҲһԪڡ
ԭˣ
ͷвЩԪɵôͽһԪڴƫһĵزԼ̫Զˡ
ˣɽħˣ
ʵ
˶Цҡͷû˿Իش⡣
û£һԪȻɽǿĵλҵ껹ΪһԪ˹ס
ЦЦ̽ں̾쵽ڵ쳣ɽ̫ĵۼ֣Լûв´ǧۼ֣Щۼ־Բȫ֮ˡ
ǣ˲Ƶ֮һɽȣȻʵʦһԪڵķֲʵΣ
ӵشһԪɽֲųɵ۹ǧɵҲʮϡʵάһԪɽһڵĵλȻɽΪУʵǲܿɽľơ
һԪһѣһСģ϶ᱻ𡣡
˻һ˽ԴΪ𾪡
ʦ˵ɽڲ֮һԪڣ
𾪵ʵ
ǵģںɽѾǧۼˣеڵҲʮϣƾЩ˵ʵԴɽһԪڵķֲοɽ磬һ֧ͬӵǧɵϵ
˵лЩţɽôͻȻ˶ɵۣһɽ磬ۼֱ㲻һЩۼִðģ
ãһβֹɽ磬طҲжҸҿ϶ɽ粻һϵɵۣеĺܴһ֣һǴطġ
Ȼ˵ϢǶԵģһԪΣӡ
һɵۣѵҪ齨ɽôɵ֣һԪڻ治һԴӦԡһԪڵڱɽ磬ͻϮ£һԪںܿɥʧͳȨơһԪɽҲδصס
Ц
˷žƣһԪһ޴ıⳡıӦ׼˺ܾãҲʱͻȻ
ˣһΣ¶һԪڵݣȻɳǵĳӣ÷һԪǰᣬսһ
еһҲģϾԼΪѾԽɵ۵Ĵڡ
˳һԪ֮ȥ;һɳʱֳϹŷһԪԣɽľ󲿷ɶˣϺٵۼָطͬ뵽ַһԪڵս֮С
һɽٴαսңһεսȴպֱˣҲ֪ǲһɺϡ
ֱһԪɽֲһԪɳǣڱϸݺ󣬲ŵԽɳ֮С
ɳ֮УƣһԪ֮һɵһԪɳǣһԪڹ˵ַ
˽ɳǺ󣬺ܿһԪ֮ǰ룬ڽһԪɳǵĵۼ֣һԪڶ˽Ӵʾɵ۵ء
һɵ۳ڵɵۣһȻڽֵϴУһʱһտ֮ء
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Բ֪һԪ
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䣬һĸߴɵ۴гžɵۣʮ˽ӵеڵΪ
˽û˵⵹һԪΪ׵ɵ㶣˺ЦλһԪڳϣЩ˽Ǳ۵ʦܡ
СӣŪ飡
̾һԪڵɵǲǳԱ˳ţˣôԼɵôأ
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ɸоЩ쳣˶磬ƺûܵԼ˵˿Ӱ졣
˶Цýɸɻ̽ȻֻнɳڵΪ˶ѵʲôĹΪ
ɱԼ뷨һעϣԴΧˣһԣȽв
˵ɣ
ЦоýɴСˣôһɱ֣ȻһԪֿ¡
½һԪڡ
񲻼˼˵
½һԪڣ
ɾʵкҲ½һԪڣֻ½һԪǲһأһţͺͬһɡ
ѣ֪Ƿ˵ɽ֮׵ǰ
ЩʵǻûõκϢͬţͬһֵ˷ܵ顣
ǰԵĸǰ
΢Цʵ

Ȼ˵֣嶼ЩľͬȻ𾴣ͬڶƵġ
Ŷʦ
赭д˵ҲЩЦʦԼߣȴȫ֪

ɼȫ˼Լݣ˺ܾãȻʵѣɲҪ˵ѣǱҵ֪˵ѣΪɽһԪڵĵˣף
û˵ѡ
϶˵
֣ҵˣ
ʧ̬Ȼ󼤶ס˫ֵ֣ܣ⵹ӵ¶Ц⡣
ǺЦ
̲ס˵
Ц
ȵԲκ˳ЦԼĵӡ
ǰҵŮˡ
ܵ
ŶԭԼˡõģЦˣôЦС
һ˵Цֱӡ
̫Ȥˡ
Ҳ̲ס˵Ϊô棬һЦʵЩЦ
ûЦǺˣ
ɶŲʵ
۲ӣڡ
ӹ˵
ڣߣ
Цͽڵ˵жɣŲӣɱ⡣
һͬķϣξһһΣǰһԪɳǣɡ
ɰסеɱ⣬ȫΪ˸ӡ
˽ĿģΪǿһԪڵʵҪչһԪڵɵۣһɵۼ룬һԪڵʵҲǿһݡ
ɱң𣿡
Ƶ˵
ʲô˼
һ㶣׶ԷΪ˵ƾĵʲô
Ůˡ
ŵ˵˻һɵ㶣ȻʵԵ棿


ʦĸҰ֤
Ц˵ǾҲΪȤô
΢ЦţԴ˵ûκεΣò飬Ҳ֪
һʱ֮仹֪ôƺӣεЦЦȻӵǸòҲЩ˼ˣϾԷǸǰ֡
ʱӿЦӣʦ

ֱһƺ˶ҵһԪˣЩ˵ʵԼĺûᡣ
֪ǰݹ٣ˡ
һڵڸͬʱϹϾ
µΪͣǲǰӼʮλǰ
ҲýɼˣʹãʹðɷСˡ
һף˲Цǰϣֻ˭أ
һԷȻһϵ˲ͽɣ
ɣѾûеɱַ緶ˣһһէģ˭أ
Цϵò˲ָԭеģ
ϴ󣡡
ɲĽеΪһΣĹڵأҲͬʱڵء
ɣ֪Ҳϲӵڡ
ЦЦ֣һһ֣һӶûУ˷
ϴҪҪҽϢȥ
ɼ˵
أһԪڴѵͷһй¶
˵󣬽æͷ
æ׼ƣܿ㱻˵˾֮أʱɵǰͨ˵һԪɳһδɵۡ
ûռŪ˵Ŀġ
Щͷ˵ƽʱǴྶͥ
ĿĺȷһԪڳ
ɵۻش
˵뿪
ɲ˼˵пɷֵʲôҪģʱһԶԶȼһɵҪĶࡣ
ǣ
ɵ۳ȥãܿ㷵أϣǸ˵ǰġ
˵ʲô
ɼʵ
˵ţ½һԪڵģǰΪʦ
ɵҲ֪ҪԲżǰͨ
ţСӵңҸյˡ
аϲ֮ɫţԼֵܣԶֵܡ


1912 һ
ȥ
ȻСܵĸƣɵ۾ɴߣǵϲ˶ࡣ
ţСҲɽˣ̫ˣҿǺþûһˡ
ӹЦ
ʦ棬ʦ嵱Ȼɽ磬ҵʦ尡һҪʦ䣬ʦѵ
˷ܵп۸ˣȻʦ壬һԼĶ֡
磬ǲһ£ţڴﵽʲôΪˣҲǵۼڵΪ
Ц
ҲʦǵۼڵΪҪһȼ
µ
Ϊأ
Цʵ
Ϊ˵һڸָı츳ǿΪŻǿ󡣵ˣҵҪ˭ԡ
ص˵ö˵ͬʱһѵţΪᳬԼˣʵе㲻ܰ
ãţ˴ȴһ糾ͣϻѪȻǲǰսһ
һԪڵĳ
ţֵĳɤʵ
Ǳˡ
ɵͷ˵
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ţ˵Ȼѭžȥ
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Ц˳ȥҲû̽ţΪΪ಻ۼΪԼȻǻвġ
СҲܵˡ
ţſӣæ˺
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Ц֣ʾţ֡
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ţֵЦʱѾʹȫȴǶţ޿κΡ
СӣΪܿ찡
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ţƳˣŷſ񣬶żһһʱţ磬㻹ﰡһΪˡ
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ѣϴ˰ɣ
˵
ţΪ֮һ㶣ȻЦ磬װˣҺòײҵ㣬㻹ҡ
ʱţѾһܱ
ţôϳҵģ
ԭģкʵ
һ㣬ڶʦĿҲܴ󣬵ĺ۵Ŀʽϳ㡣
ţЦŻش
ȥҲ̫˰ɣ
Ц
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ţЦ
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ЦЦЩˣʵԼ
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ţ˷ܵ˵ͬʱˣ˿ţϾʵԸʵǲСӡ
ãҴӦҪֻǣĺܲҡ
ͷӦ
ɣΪ̫ңҲš
ţޱȵ˵
Ҫ򶷣ȥƧ֮ء
ЦȻ˴ȣһɽ֮С
ɽһԪڽأһ˸޷ˣԣ򶷣Ҳй¶Ϣ
ҶʦӮ˭Ҷģ
Ц
ϻҲͽӮ˭ָҸҶأ
ҲЦ
˷׷Ц˿ţţ򱬷ǿҵս⣬ЩľһֱϣΪ츳Ҳ˳ĽȻҪս
ţɢƺ󣬾Ҳ㶣ԼȻҲһţĶ֣ԶԶĳһɵ۵ơ
ţƶð
Цվţֶɽδ
ţ͵Ĵһ徹ȻˣΪһͷɫ壬һֶʱ˶ˡ
Сô޳֮壬ǰɣ֮Ϳ𣿡
˼⣬̽һţ屾壬ɫԼĲ𲢲ر󣬺п塣
ţ֮壬ޱȣ˷屾壬ҲΪţеҡ
һĪҵͬ࣬һҲǱӡˣȻ˼ɳ


1913 
Щɡ
磬ҲΪɣʹʹһս
ţ
ˣ㻯Ϊ壬ҲҵĶ֡
ЦЦ
Ҳţ
ţеȻ͵һڽ⽣ԶһĵַĽ
ûܣƾǵϮԼͬû¶һ㡣
ţɴ۾ȻԼĹ͵屾ײȥ

ȵڿлƳţ屾Ӳͣ˿УôҲ޷ǰֺ
ţҪˣôԼᱻȫס弫ţʱĵһץ䣡
˵ĿɿڴУţѸٵССȭͷС
ţҪ±ȴǲܣţôҲ벻Էôǿʵ
ţ档
һץţ屾㵽֮УţȴôҲ޷ɳġ
磬̫ˡ
ţ˵
ţ㲻䣬һͽ𡣡
аȵЦָ£ơ
磬ҴˣͶ
ţЦսûʼѾˣԼĶ֣ɲһô򵥡
һԱȣ֪ʵǿ׵ľأֱ̬ʵɵܾе
ſţӻ֣ţѾָԭеĴС
ţαͬһԭΪԼӵһ屾壬ΪѾﵽɽ綥Բսͷ˭֪ȴǰ֮ܵҡ
ҵүҾȻжӡ
˵һԵҡͷԺţǶԶһ㣬򣬺롣
ʦԱԣ
ţͻȻ˵
ͽܣҡ
ͬʱ
С
ţЦ
һһţͷϣţʱʹгһ¿ۣͷ϶ʱðѪ
˼Դ̫ˣõʵС
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ţһͷٵԶ
аϲһԪڴˣɽ˴ҲΪ尡
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һֱһԪڶϢ֧ħѾ𣬿ʵȴǱһԪڲһԪҲɱﵵġ
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ϴԪɵѾɽ磬ڰǰѾ
ɻش
ŶϢûȥɣ
аԳԾû뵽ԪɵѾꡣ
ûУֻһԪڵļ֪У޵ҲѾ֮УһԪڹʮ˷񡣡
Ժ˵жԳҲ˿
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ʵ
ħսʮ꣬ձΧɱʱ񡣡
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²
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˵
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Цʵ
ϴı˺ܶ꣬Ϊ߳ȻһԪڵһԺ֮ڶвһԪڡ
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˵꣬һʧɽ֮С
ʧĵطѾ޷жʵжôǿ
˴кȻţһᣬѾţȻԼͬ࣬Ҳ崫еļ䣬ֻȴԼļ˲٣ֱɽ֮󣬲ŷԼȻҲ֮ˡ
˵İΣţ׼ȥѰˣϾ磬Ĵ󼸺ȫ𣬶ɵ۵Ҳȥ磬Щ˵İΣǱ硣
뿪ɽ磬Ҳһ棬ڿԽڱ߽һٶغ򣬴ȥҲһԪڡ
ǿʶʮ֮һˣҪ̽˵Ϣʵڲ¡
羭һεħ֣ۼ˲أǿǷ壬ֻѾûء
ƼһԪڣ߲ʷ˳ΪһԪڵͷߵһԪڣػ˵İȫ
ֻһʱ̽鵽λãһصĴɽ֮УշѾȥһٶˣĴŲϣ˵ѾˣҲ˵ʧˡ
Ϊͷߵ˽԰Ȼˣ֪ûҲǱ˻ɫռ֮С


1914 
Щ꣬һԪڲ֪ɳ˶ѰϢɳȥˣûκǣһԪɳҲˡ
磬񵽵֪жൣ𣿡
ҹ˵Щ겢ģһֱ߲ʷ˵˵飬ǣȴޱȵĿ飬ǽΪһֱûϢ
ү飬ɣ
ϵ˵ս˫ۼĻ䡣
ĶˣһֱεģȴԹԼΪԼİȫ졣
ಣ
ǰȻ֪ĬĬˮ
Щ꣬ܿˡ
˵
磡
͵۾ȻľԼǰ
ܵ͵һǰˣôᣬô棬ţʮְĸо
磬ˡ
˵
ҵĴһδеǰû㡣һΣҼ㣬ĲܰίģҲ뿪㣬һһֱ㣬㵽Զ
ޱ˵Щһֱ׷ѰΪȴû̫ʱ֮⣬Ů˺γˣʮֵΣΪǿ󣬿ʧȥǣԼòҲʧȥ塣
һֱΪŬţҪǴߣȴû㹻ʵǣЩ꣬ԼһնҲʵ١
ĵıԼ۶˵İΣﵽʵſԱˣȻǹ¶
磬Ҳ㣬һжĴĺܺãԶǿġԶΪ㽾㻹ҪŬùңŬ׷Ѱеɣ
΢Ц˵
е룬㹻ʵ㣬ҵ롣Ϊǿû㣬ұû롣
һһٵ˵ʱѾж棬˽ĻС
㣬ֱԶ
˵
ôƫģҵ˻Դ׵ġ
Ц˵۽ǵˮӨ͸
ǾǳԴװɣ
ϵˮо˲ʧȥ
Ҳӵ˵ۼڵΪΪܶǲ̫ԶˣǱԯҲһ㡣
һΣ㱻ɱһܵίֻ֪ԶҲ޷ǵһĻ
һΣҵΪ̫ˣһ˷塣
γ֪ʲôǱ˵
ԼΪ̫Ĺϵ󡣷зĹأƻ˹أǵȻһΣ㲻ҲôҲκˣҲַŮֻǺԼ̫ûãΪһֱչҲҵ츳̫ˣҲһŬ
Ц
ǧҪԷƱϲҪԭ򲢲Ϊˣ𣿾ֻһˣҲػ㡣
¶ΪЦݡ
Խ촽ŮҲѹ¡
ʱһнƣΪڿзš
϶Щ죬ͬص˹ȥһ㣬˽§һȻŶԷ۾˺塣
ޱȣͬδµŮ㣬Ҳܵĳ嶯ȴ̫ӡʵڵʵԣǿࡣ
ҽһ׹ҵĿھҪ츳ΪΪɽǿߡ
һ壬ӵа֮壬츳ٽΪǡ
֪˶ãƣ˯ˣĻУʱѾڰ̫
ʵѾ츳൱ǿ󣬳֮⣬ֱΪ
ΪͬʱΪǵʹϸĺǻٴȴǾ棬ԼΪﵽһȫµĸ߶ȡ
磬Ҵﵽ˵ڵΪôܰ
оԴԴϣǿߵĸоʮֵ
ûʲôܵ飬֮ǰѾ˵ôǷ̫࣬ԣҪ㡣
Цģиоȴ˵
磬ҵԶҵΨһ񡣡
˵͵ϣ
ӵ˶Էͬӵ磬ڽвţţ໥Щ
ʱڶ˵зţһԪȴѾͬըƵģʧ٣һԪչһη
һε磬֤һԪڵĵλжôҪ˽֪ŮˣȻ߾ȫѰ
߲ʷͬãĸ׷߲ʷ˱һԪڵѾĿˣһʮѰ
ͷߵҲҵĳһ
ҸʱУƺĲĻ⣬ɵ˺˶Щ˼أֻȴ
磬ǸóȥˣҪǷʧˣһἱŵѰҵġ
̲ס˵
ţھͳȥ
ͷԼкܶҪԼһȴҲ̫ʵ˭Լôأ
ȶ˳һԪڵĴ֮У߲ʷ˶ʱϲӣȻŶ΢Ц벻û£Ҳˡ
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ɫ΢˵
ѾӦһˣ뼸սѾۣǼ۵ҲòȥһˣѾɱжˣʣµǿս
һŮһսһԶգʱһ
εԤһҡ
ŮɲŲţȻеɽȻա
ɱ
һ۴ʱҲ˲ϧˣֱŮӵ֮

ʱŮӵǰָס۵۵ľĿУ̾˿ǺοأˣǶˡ
׺΢΢һЦԤ׼Լָֻһһ۵ʧӰ٣֮Ҳû¡
΢Ц׺ƣָǰǷ׷
ߣ
׺˲ƵһԪڡ
߲ʷͬʱŵ׺ԯҲ˴˵أ׺ʱоȻɱ⡣
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ֱ˵
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ðɣҴǷһߡ
Ц߲ʷ˶ʱϲѸٵټŮӡ
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ߣһȥɽ硣
Ц˵˼˲ơ
ѰһδˣȻ˵һԪڡ
˵ִʱһԪڷսۣɽ˷ΧһԪɳǣһԪڵɵҲж֮ڣںɽ֮иһԪˡ
ף
ɵϵı־ܿµʲô飬ɽһԪھȻˣЩɵͨ˵ء
˫һһɱһԪһɳѪɷһɵۣڿдѽѷ֡
ͻȻɳ·ڶ֮ĵطʱսеĶҲΪ˵ĵֹͣս
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Ѫɷһݼȴƺ
²μۡ
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ĵһԪʿǣɵ۳ݵ
ۣ磬硣
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뱾۵һսδ꣬ˡ
Ǹɵֳ
ѾһԪɳ֮УǱʵϣЩУҲǸơ
Լٶɽ˲ƣһʱѾһԪڣʱߵҲʮˣЩ˾ˣˣ½һԪڷĵӡ
һԪɳǵϿգ˾оǰһһ˲㵽һԪɳǵϿգǰ
·սңȴһ˴кҲû뵽ڴʱһԸӡ
ˣʵ̫ˡ
Цǣ֣ڣԼ鷳Ҳ࣬ЩеŮ֮УȻǽ൱ɺ֮ס
ҲﵽڵΪк伤ҲΧжˣȻĻС
ϹϾŮݼүүĸ֮һƬѣʮ飬·սڽС
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ڴʱԷӪгһĿɵۣ˵֮кâ˸Ķ˵ķ
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