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ҶСԵȻƽͣԸƾһִϿ֮·֮Уһ֮أ



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һ ҶС
ؿʼΡɽͺȻǳʼ䣬ԭɫҹձҵĻյͨ졭־·ĩս١
ͻȻǰĴؿѣУᣬֳֵꪵĿɲԵطгת˲鲼ҰȫֽųҶС


һ亹ҶСȻ𣬺Ŵ˰ͷΣ
Դ걻ɣʿпʼֲʵξͿʼ֣ʮľͻεһΡʵҶС꣬ѴﵽԪһ磬÷εġ
ΪոĶЩңǣ˿ڡҶСؿֿʼʹʹɵҧҧսȭͷʮܾ裬Լһֱ̣Ϣˡ֮£ȴʹֺޣ

ԭɹ֮աɹһأʦ᰷ֱ꣬ҶСס
С磡ɹˣ
δˣһϲ
ɹ̫ˣ
ɹҶСʱٸнϲͬʱмʧ䣬ҲԼûãҲˣҡ
ɵţģʱеĸĵ׵ϲˡ
ǵ⣺С磬һչʮ죬ųأʹͶüûʦ֣ˣ
ǺǣģҶСͷժΨһмֵĶˡḧԼʮķɽݵǰ˵ɽˣƷн׷ɽأʮǰ״͵ģ
üҡͷն˵ҪɽԺҲõģοʦ϶Ҳ·ɽġЦ˵Ҿ͸˸״ȥ
ҲǣһֱϪԺԺϲɽһ
ǺðɡҿûףˣҶС̯̯֡°ɽҵϣְڽ֮ϣĵɽ֪ʱҲŻ㷢ӳ
ˣǵ⣬һڴ˵СҲþû뿪˰ɣ磬ȥɽɣǰ¹꣬⼸ʮ˷ٺ̷ɫأ
Ǻǣһԭбãģ
ҶСɶ꣬ΪˣɽȴûйһΡ
ҶСһͬʦһɡѪԵϵȴһֱͬáŮɣѲǵСƨ档ɶҶСȴһ統꣬δ侳Ǩı䣬ҶСڽеֿ֮һ
ͤڣҶС֪ʱʼѳֻͤͤ֬Ƴϼһ˫ᣬˮǱ߻һССѣ˵ĴɰЦ¶һСһƤ
ʮ˷ˮӿȣ϶νƥң塱ֻˮ絷ڿգۡ桢աĸչֵ쾡£
˿ó񣬶̾棬дĴѾһ̷
ӯƮ䣬Ů·һ㡣̤Уʵһ㷭ڴ̷ĺ֮䡣ҶС񿴵òһ򣬾֪ʱʼѲǸְСŮ¶ˡ
ҶСȴԶһЦһֱ̤ۣȥٶȼ죬ת۱ѵ̷֮ϣֻһŴ۾͡ȴСüЭǱˣԺԺ֮飬Ϊ˿
ǡǡͣǰЦⲻϪԺʦ̶ˮȥ棡ʦҴɽȥ˵ʱſ첲׼ȥΪۿҪײ
һ֪û£˲㽫ȫ¡鵲ǰһˮ棬ʱԭذϿշȥۿҪͷɹ
ȴһЦͷ֣ٶޱȣǡǡ׽ҽš
н͵ţѡһͷֽϵЬץУ˲Ьӣ㼱æתŹͤȥողһţѾãЩ׹̷У֮вҶС֡
ҶС״˲ö룬ҲӹͤзɳӦһиżֻǶ׶Σ̤еĹûгԶԳ˺󾢲áҺþ벻Զ׹̶ˮǰϵһס֡
ҵʦôҾܣԭԼˣҶСͤзɳЬ͵ӵһţȻЦ˵ϽһָָҶСµˮ֮ϣըһž޴ˮ
ȻĿˮ棬δȥɼľ޴ˮЮӴҶСˡʱ˱иƼһ㣬ƮҡĲ
һҶСʱãۿҪ䣬һӿͷҲӷߺޣ֮˶޷ʲôˣޱ裬ֻԼûãԼΣʱԼֵ
Ͼڣոһ󾪻ŵңˮţ侲̤һˮˮҲһᣬ׹̶СͬʱҲתΪ͸ҶС
֮ϴҶСΪ˵һαݻ١ԼˣȴۡʵʵҶСοƣƴȫҲ޷եһ˿ˡ
һҶС㲻һûڡԼҶСΪֻжڣԼܵľҪҶСˡ
Ҫǿأ뵽ҶС˼Լȴһů
ȻѾΪԶҶС񡣿ҶСֻǼǰ飬ԼͯʱڶûҶСΪߵġСŮԣȻΪ߹ҶСĵȴɰһʱţ֮º֡
ҶС䵽һ⻬ʯ֮ϡҲһϿգż߸ϵĸŶˣ˵ҵ˭ô󸣷֣ʦĴ˶٣ԭҶţһ貨ɶǲûиʮ๦̶Ȱɡ
ҶС˵Դߵ˵˭ٸòûʲôϵ˻Ҵ̷ˮȥ裬ҪȻȥˡʦָǣ˵ձɫҶССС磬û°ɣ߰ɣҪ
ף䲻ҰԼԵҶСȴһݾҶСˣҲû˻ҶСͷġҪԼҲǵסġǱѣһԼ谮мӵˣٻ˼ɡ
ŭԣ̵ַĻҶСʮ̫࣬Ҳ̫࣬Ѳǰһʱ֮졣ǿΪ磬ֻȭͷûеȥ˭ȴסμסÿΪгһգʮ黹
ҶС΢ŭȴ΢΢һЦ˵߰ɡ˵ձǣתߡ
ҶСԹѾá򼵶ߵǰɻδҶС֮ʱ걾øƷҩǿãҶС
ҶС񣡡Ŷ˼ɣȴֲô׷Ŷߣȵͬųкô㲻˵գ㽫־üǰһŽ̺ž޴ųָʳָָ۲ɢ
ҶСһתͷָҶСնһŽ˲㻯һ𽣣ֱҶСն
ҶСкηӦѿ粽ҶСǰ齣նһֱǵ𽣡ʱԳΪָ࣬ĽѴﵽɽ磬ײĽȻռϷ硣ֻ䡱һɫ㱻ɢԪʣ޷ɽΣֻһ
ǽ֮쾹ҶСЩ켣ȴβˡһѱסŲƣתǰԼס
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ҶСƺһɫıġ
˲䣬ҶСֻһɾȻԼ󱳣ȫӿ򱳲ֵڵĽεĽʱҶСﴦȻһůӿסס˽
С磡һʱʧɫ
ҶС΢̣ǿ¶һЦݣҡҡͷû¡
æ鿴û뵽ҶСһȻûʲô˿ڡ
飡ҪʲôϽ˽ͲҸţȵ
ߣ㾡ȥ棡һѡһмοֻǽѵһСҪ֪ѡ
ѿղһҶСȻǽ£ʿĽһ޷۵ʿֵضˡϽ˽ִ鷳ֵˣҶСΪ֮ʦôʺã˵գҪȥ
飡鼴֮ʣҶСͻȻȵϣҶһ
Ŷ鼸ԼĶ䣬Цһ㣬Цƾ㣿ãҵ㣡
ҶСĻһĵ˵С磬㣿
һ֮ΪԺ޴ұ뿪ɣ
ҶСǾ


ڶ ᵤ
ҶСţ¾ѧ壬ʽʿУϣ׶Σʱȡ˱˼еĳɾͣٶȣټһĵҶСһȱΪڵĵһţɶ˺
֮ʮҶСͺһϿŹǣɲǹ⻪󣬱١
˭Ҳδ뵽ΪѵţΪﵽںͣͲǰ޷ͻơ۷ڳЦһ̳
һ;磬¾ᵤԪӤ㣬ַ׶Ρ
׶ѧԺȡǽһѹڵ
ҶСڳ⡣ÿ۳ϵ뽫һѹʱʱһ˿ţ뺣ڵʧӰ١
θָĳԣǽᵤΪǬԳ֣ûҳڡǬ˰Ĵڶ޷ԭǶҶСܵС
ǲڻã˾㼵ʡߺҲֻܲʮȥʹαʿҲ׷׽׵˶ڡڡʵΪҶСʮܳȻԶ
ҶСԸԼսȻһʱŭͷѾҪһ
衢ЦԲںԼԵ˶޷ػԼܳΪۣôԼҲû壡

ΡΡ϶
ԽɣȻԽΪÿ꣬ϾڱԣԽ䡣
ҶСԵġϡȻָڱԣһǡþꡣ
һȵڱֻʿеġҶСҪлԾҪ׵ڲſɣڶͣʮ꣬ڵ״Ⱳܷͻƶ˵οʱֻһ꣬Ҫ׵ҶСԼսЦҲԭ

ڣȼһĵ¯ǰҶСϥСĿ¯ڻ򡣶ҶСڷҩвмּҩ
ЩҩǲǰҶСģ˵ǰ׼ʱʹõģûϾɹˡûã͸ҶСˡǵǼưƷҩҩʱȴµЩһõ
ȻأҶСȴûѡΪܹͻƣǾǶõı
ǧ֮һն㣬ɽ֮նɣ֮רޣĳɹʱۿۣͬʱҩƷҲѱ֤רŵʦģֻҪҩټһʯȡҩͺáοԽΪԸȥо֮
ʦ֣ҲǲСġҩ־ƷÿһƷַסƷҩÿһöҩ뽻öĲϣƷҩĲϣƷҩҪıĲϣȻӦֵʯֵҲǿԵġƷҩϾҪڵʦרˣʱûΪʦʦĳͿưʵǺɹʳȵġһȥݲҲһžƷҩ
ԴޣȻƫǱɡҶС֡ߡĴڣڵͱ״̬֮£ҶСԼʼо֮Ϊ츳ԭҶСȻΪͣͲǰȴڲƷҩɹʶ߳ϣڵʦҶСһҶС֪ܣҲܹھ޴Ĵ¼һ̡
ҶСƵıǾƷ½׵ҩľľҶСƵĵҩ֮һԭԼҩм롣һֳԼ۱Ƚϸߵĵҩ
ڳ˸ص⣬˶Լְ𣬲Ȼһ޷淢չġֻжΪҶСְǹһҩҶСҩ൱ģճһֱڽҪҩǻвʣࡣټÿ·ʯҶСҲȡ۵ľϣֵҩҲӦ֡
´ţÿһڶֻһ¯һԵĻҶСһֱյ˫۱㻺֮ǰῴһƺɫ⡣
ˣ
¯ҶС¶һϲɫæ¯ȡһöɫƶСҩ衣
ֻҩϻɫϸƣϸƳƣԽ֤ҩЧԽã˼˶֣ľǾƷ½׵ҩӦϲŶԣֻǸн׵ҩˣֱᷢǵ¯Ʒ׼ߣ֮ͬһ㡣ǺԣֿҶСﶼǲ߱ģΪλֱᷢ죬ҶСԼҲ벻²͸ֹȻᵽ˱ֻ֪ܡ
ǽҪƵĵöľҶСƵһöƷ½׵ҩᵤƷҩʿܷõĵҩòȻ󣬽ԷѰ֮ΪöᵤĲϣҶСѪ˲ѪֻһֱһζҪɰ̫޷룬û뵽ҩﾹмɰǡùᵤʹá֮ףҶСλʧܣ޵ڶλᡣ
ҶСոƵöľΪöᵤܹ֤Լѵ״̬ᵤ̶߳ɹʡ
ҶСٴػů¯㽫ҩͶ뵤¯֮Сǽҩһ໥ۼȫͷųҩศɣȱһɣֲ۵һ𣬽ɵ裬Ϊɹʿõĵҩνǧ֮һն㡣
ҩÿһ̶νĶǣκһϸ΢ϸڶӰܷɹÿһҩʱ¯¯ʱҪ¯Ҫöȵȡ
ҶСĿڵ¯ǰ˫ϵŻĴС֮Ҳнֵػ˻֡ҶСõĵػĿǰҵûˣΪöᵤʮʯ¸ʦŽ赽ػԾҪ֪ҶСһҲʮʯѡ
ѰҶСľһֻҪСʱһöղöһҲ˲һʱѣ⻹ԼԼ̫ʱһ㡣ǴӿʼᵤѾȥʱδɰ¯С
ҶС֪һζҩľơû뵽ȻôãδҪ֪ᵤƵһɰһڣǺľ
һʱȥҶСĶͷҲϸС顣һζľڿʼΡڻ
ٰʱҶСһһζľ̬ڵؼʱ̡
ɰ¯ҶСȻӴһɰޱ仯ǼӴһɰȻޱ仯вδҪöֻҪҪڰ֮ڽɰǺľֻĻռɣҶС񻹺ÿƣĵԻָһС֡ɰȴҪôգҶСڵǵĵػܷɰǸδ֪ʱ仹ܳӡ
ʱѹ˴룬ҶСüͷϵ·Ѿȫ͸ڻѾʮǸɰûһ˿仯ȻҶСѾȫӳػ
ҶСʱȫᵤϣȻļȴҲݶ룬ֻ׼һξʧܣ
һδγԼļޣػһһļӴʮʱ޷һ֡ʱɰڿʼϸ΢仯
ʮĵػӦҶСڵҲʮٶţڼ޵ĳ̶£Ż죡ɰոտʼƣ㷢Լʼңʼ޷֧š
ڣػһ֡ҶСһ֣ʱѹեԼ治ֵܹɰ
ʮĵػ֮£ɰڿʼڻΣֻҪټһ£ȫ
һڵʿҪʦֻһɹʵİƷҩǼ֮¡ҶСȴƫƫôˡΪϳʧܾҶСȴܲΪöƷҩʧܣ޻ͻһ;Ҳʹսᣡ
ҶСڻ׼һ˿ҲΪģ̥ĸǰһ˿Ҳ֮ҶСҲо޴ˡ


 ֮
һ˿˥ߣҶС㶯֮ʱ֮ͻȻӿһɡůǡů֮ůˬ졣ɡůΪҶСĸܵһҺ
ǣ
ҶСͻȻֵġůɣֻʱݷģ㲻ٶ룬ֻǲٿͻġůάֵ¯Ļ
ůһת㽫ҶС֮ǰյȫʵɡůػʱȻЩػƺԸӴɡůһ㣬ůһĵػġ㿪˵ǡ㿪ʵǵػҧһڣǡůɡ
ѵ졮ů޷ػ𣿡ҶСĵһ˿
ֻǹһᣬǡů֮Ȼûеػ𣬵ȴһֵɫĻ棬Ȼػϣʹ¯ڵĻ泹ױΪϺɫ
ܿ죬¯еɰڻʼ٣⡰ůϻáͬʱһӵʱҲԽԽȽˡ
ҪټӰѾ
ڣһʱ޵ʱ֮ǰһ˲ɰױںϣѵһƽȹ
ҶСҫźɫ⣬ǡůŴһ̣ɫҲ֮һɢʱᵤҲɣ

Ʒнף
ҶС˿˷ܵĶĵöԲɫҩССĵ֮ϣɫơȻˣԼЩš
뵽ԼһֻжڵʿȻһξƳһöƷҩҶСϲǰƷᵤȻҲᷢ죬ԭ½׿Խнס
ݵ˷֮ҶС㽫ᵤСһöССƿ֮Сڻöҩʱ
ǹůʲôǰڵֵĽʱʱԼܵĲǴһҲůң
صסƣ͸ȻɾƣߵҶСڴȴ޷˯һֱڻʱֵǹɡůʲô
ʱʹҩ죬Ҳǹɫйء
ů̺ž޴ʹҲôǵʲôѵһʿѵѵԼΪһֱͣͲǰҲůйأ
һһ⣬ȴûܹ
ˣٶҲáνᵤټֵɹůҲԼпͻϢ㾫Ҳڽգʿܱٹȣһ˯߻Ҫ֤ġϢʱҪúϢʱиЧʡֵҶСײ㾲ٶ룬˯ȥ

˺һգҶС飬СɹڵƿҩֱʮöľʮöѪöƷҩᵤƿҩҶСеĻͬʱҪҩ
ʱֻ˵ЩʣµҩһѿưƷҩҩʱҶСµЩҩһ󲿷ֶ׳ɹɸĽ
Ȼȫ£Ϊ֮䲻ЩĿԼܹͻƣһƬıñ
ѪʵһֺƫŵĵҩƣΪǿǡžΪʿһ׵ڣᾭǿȴȻҲᱻšΣɱֲ͵ĵҩͳ˼ߡмƫʿŻơǧʷѾ֤ʿ·вͨġ
ȻҶС˶Ѫ裬ȻҪһˡȴԼĴ㡣ֻΪöᵤѡһöƷн׵ҩƾڵΪǷȥضֻһ
ΪͻҪƴȴôɡȻǰ·ȻգȴҲҪȫ׼ͷաҪͨǿԼ塢žӦᵤǿ񱩵ҩ
ҶСôҲģڲǰĵһ伮ᵽЩͽʿƾǿ׷õҩȻǰгɹǱҶСĳɹִһЩ

ʱҶСȫһڴľͰڣͰҺ岻ΧתͰڵҺѪЧˡһΪ壬ҩǡ
ҶСҩˮֻȫ֣飬С²ȴֲκ춯ҩˮĸܣֱΪС
˺ЩС桱Ӳ񫣬ɴ˳ëƤ£ڱƤ֮еʹֽһӴҲøܡȻһѾԵû֪Ƥһȷʼһ̵һĴʹָ˺޲˺Ƥȥݺץһ
ҶСĳ֮⣬ȴûκΰ취ֻһͷֻ̣ܶҪ̹һ̣ɹһ֣
һݱ߸ʱͰҩˮɫŻǳҩˮɫȫȥҲʹѪҩȫҶСˡͰеҩһҶСʱеȫһˬ
ģ崿Ű
̲סһ䣬ʱʱܹʹ࣬ѹ˵塢ʿ㶼Ϊûбİ취Ҳʲô塣ֱܹӾģ˵ֻд˵еɡˡովȻ֡顢ȴǲܳŹȻһЩȴʵûʲôա
ֻһöѪҩ͵Ƥ£нѪȷȵͽЧҪϲ٣伮ϼصĵһѪӦֻԱƤöѡ
߲㣬ӦЧֱҩڱƤҩƤ¡ҩڼ⡢ҩڹҩࡢҩڽԼɡ˵ҶСһöҩȥֱӽڶҩƤ¡û뵽ԼƵѪЧõĺã˵ǸСϲ
ҩֶҲϢſɼڶδÿֻʹô˷һΡ
ʱⲻݻķϣոսҶСóһöľ£ȥҲʳľһöľ¶Ǹȴ֪ͬǺԭĵҩºɢҩһɢһԵ֮УҶС©һĵ˴ҩȴڻסһ֣ٳԶ٣ȴֲ֪ԵÿηõҩҶСܹյֻǼٲֵҩȴһһöľ£ʱܵƺǰԵˣ˸ҩתһȦŻ֮СȻɱǡ©̵תһȦҲ¼ҩ塣
ҩЧҶСȴ֪ΪԵҩֶһ֣֮ǰʱӵġůɵС
ѵǵɵʼСˣ
ҶСͻȻһ롣ôԺһ©ԱʱҶСۡڻͻƶڡʵǷˣ൤ҩպÿһ֤
ڶգҶСǰһľͰ֮ڣεҩˮɫŨ˼֣ΪͰͬʱöѪ衣Ȼ׼֪ǰգҩֱＡʱܵ˺ҧһʹȴԸʹȥȻҩĲϴ̼֮£ͷԷ쳣в룬ǿԣѵƤ⣬Ҫˬ࣡
岻ǶĴͬʱÿʱÿҲڶ־Ĵǿ̹ĵ߸ʱ尾ҶС˳롰ҩڼ⡱һ㡣
ǰʵ򵥣˵ĲҩڹʼѪҩѾ޷Լ롭


 ҩھ
˴Ĳ㣬ͱԽѨϣſʹҩֱǡĲʮöӦؽڶӦʮѨҩࡱڣҪһö

ʱľͰ֮еҶСȫٸ룬ͬһֻƤһ㡣ЩȫʮͰ˴Ĵ󲿷Ѩ֮ϡҪǴ㡪ҩھ
ʹ֮ʱΪҪʮӦķֱʮ˸Ѩʮ˸ѨѨһ룬ʹֱֹΪֹʮѨΪһΪһλáַЩƫ롣
ʱҶСļѾó죬ΪٸѾѨϣѪҩӿ룬񱩵ҩֱõȫѪҺֱڣȫѪܱǡһ¡𣬷·һ̾һ㡣ԭҲ򼫶ȵʹŤ˺ǳɫļȻʯĹ󣬷Ĺԣʹ˶Եø졣
ʵҶСֱ仯ҩõԭΪѾʿڣ羭ϴǰʵЧ΢Сжֻпյġ㣬ѾʼǿΪһʿû̫ϴģҪġΪһʿĿǰûа취ѡԭ򡣶֮ģӦķա
ʮʱȥٸҩѾȫʴĸ˵ǰǼܵĿʹƺ̫СһЩգʴǵʹȴֲֵһᣡ
ͰʮöѪ裬ѾʮʱͰڵҩˮ졣ҩҺ޷ڣǵҪʮ˸Ѩ֮ʱ
ѪҪ˽ʹŴһ㣬ȫ²޴ʹ޴о֮ȴʹҲŴҶСÿÿһ룬ʹŴһЩ޷ģΪÿһһʹͬսͼޡǷʹ·̶ܸ֮ܵȵʹǵһ֮ʱͻᷢԭոմˣԭʹ޻һߡʱϻỳ֮ǰǷʹ࣬ո֮ǰƺҲҪҸࡣ
һĽѨȫʹƺﵽ˼ޡ֪ʹļޣҶСѾЩӦҶСʶѾپһʹѰ⿴һֶԼĥһֿ顣һ;պ·;¸գһʹɲȥԼҲ߲˶Զ֮ģʼڴһ뵽ܽʹ󼸷֣ҪԼͳ̶дﵽʲô̶ȡ
ҶСǣʶӾһ뵽ڴһת俪ʼһ̣ʹҩҺʹֿʹȫһ֣ܿ죬ʮ˸ѨϵҲ˽롣
ڣڵѨʮˡ˵֮ǰһǿ顰̡ôھǿ顰ˡ
ľͰûһ˿ҩҺ֮ϾƯʮĸ롣ڣҶСҪǽʮĸͬʱ֫ʵΪҪٿһĴκһ㶼зֺ֮ÿһ㶼Ѩһʱһƫɵĺ㲻롣οҪͬʱٿʮĸ͸һӴѶȡʵһ˲Ű׸ߵСǽ߶ԶףⰫǽǽ±ϣȥߣ³һҲˡ
ҶСͬʱʮĸͬʱֺĴѨܷɹĲǸȡ֣Ǹ֣
ҶСС֪ԼССʱһкϷ֮඼ȥΪˤΪûȥðˤ˵ΣաΪˣɾûٱߺȡЦ
ڣҶСȴ˿£쳣򶨡ΪСԺܶȥӱܣѡȥԡЩ޷ӱܣԵģʱֻȫԸˮһսԽԽǵľԽ׳˲罫Լſգһֻ£Ǻ
ҶС򶨣˵ǡʵ˵ǹǸΪСǺ侲ֲһ㡣
ԭƯĽ׷׿ʼתתٶȵĲϼӿ쵽һ̶Ⱥ󣬱㿪ʼƶʮĸ룬ͬתٶȣͬĲŸҪѨš
ʮĸͬʱӴƤһӴͣ٣ԭתٶתԽӴƤʱٶȴѨ
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣ʵӿʼתƶӴƤ롣ֻ˲֮¡ϵԽãԽ׳ֲ׼ݣԼܿƵΧڣ̵ʱɣʧ͡
ʮĸһѨԭƽҩˮͻȻ˵񶯣ʵˮֻڲеĺɫҩҺȴǱˮаһ㣬һУĵҶСӿȥ춯ԭһֱϵʹûмأʱ١ҩҺӿ룬һ̥ǣʮˬĸо
ɹˣҶСаͬʱҲһ
ڽ׵㣡νգ壬ͬҲǼĥʹġ̡ԸǿҵĿʹҪֱǰġ¡ġȡ͡忴Ƽ򵥣ҩˮ弸룬ȴûо޴ģ
˴δʮʱɴҶС񲻵ûиеƣͣǳʢͬʱھôʹ֮ҲøӼ͡
ֱ㣬Чò˳ҶСƲ⣬ǿȿѾʿ֮ˡͬʶҲ⵹Ǹջ岻Ϊ˶ĿѾﵽЧԺһҲ˺ܴڴǳ볢һ¡
Ľ֮ϻٿģȻˣ
ЧҲΪε伮ļȴֻôֻƬأܶôǸɴûдԼҲδ֮أ
ҶС񲻽Щɻ󣬿תһ룬ˡһǵ伮ʿ࣬ܶ屾֪֮ꣻڶʿ֪֮ôҲΪƫΪԼڣ˶Ŷȥû֮ˣܿΪĵ伮٣ƹ㣬ٺοȫһŰḶ́ȥԺܹˡ
ΪҩھЧȻǾǿţҲҶСĿġĴôһ֮ʱ¶˳
תٶһ࣬ԼĻظٶȸҶСţȥᵤûǹůæԼҲһ˳ֵˡЩֻǾŵĺôǾǿЧҪȵᵤʱȥ֤ˣ
ôջʮ޽չҶСҪˡҺսʤ˳嶯ʿϡٿ϶ɣԼûҪȥðաԼĿľҪͻ⣬һҶСҲԼʿڵΪ壬ҪڵĳɼҲҪ๦Сɲʲô˵嶼ѪĴ̼壬½پûô졣
öᵤԲͻĻˣʱ彫ҶСѡ
һؼһʳᵤԼܷͻϵһ£ҲͿһˣ


 ֮
Ѫ壬Դǿľ塣ﵽ֮ټҶСһղϷʳʮľⷬ׼֮޷ᵤҩЧҲֻˡ
ҹһ¸ոմƼ¶ͷɶһƬ֮У͡
ɵһ侲֮ڣҶСȴĥ
򲻴˻ϲˡƷҩᵤɢҩʱ羪κһ㣬͵ĳҶСȫ㹻ǰ澭ǿ´ʱѱ
ʵᵤҶСĸиոڻһ˲ѣһ˲һըĸбըǰδйľ޴˲佫ǵһҪ
ҶС㡣һµǰƷнᵤ½ףҩ˲֪㣻ڶ˵ٶȡ
ܿ죬ʮ㱻񱩵ҩǰ˴ҲȻܶҩţٶȴ޷ϼǿҩҶСֻý۵ĴҩһЩëϸ֮УǺܿ죬Щëϸ֮Ҳҩ
һĻҶСʱĶ硣һɹɵĲѺһιԱ˱ˮֲȴһԣһˮͻ͡ԭССļžͿ͵СȭͷСοô࣬һˮڵĲѾͿʼֻͣһ˶Ƥʺһأ
ҶСʣһ̰Աһ³𣿡
ȫ۴С۴ϸҩһ˿˿ҩʼӾǾѵı֣
ҩͷţȥҪƶƤˣǺǣʮǰţʮһŵҩ˶ƤȥǿЦ
Σ֮ʱҶС񲻵ţԳ
Ǹգƴһ£
ֻҵĵڻڲͷŵҩԭĵķĸ治ס©ľѾסҩĳڵ©ȥȴԶԶϲͷŵģڱΣȥҶСɴûΪÿÿһҪڵǵὫɡˣڵΣ֮£Ҳһᣡ
ҶСĵڿԴסˣβµҩתΪʹڵ֮ڡһҩıһܴȥ
²˳٣뵽㿪ʼʵʩ
Ժٽڵ֮Сֱγһţǽ׳ɹŵŨԽŨԽˡ
ڵҩ˰磬ҪʹתȻ֮ƽʱࡣҶСһһɣĵ֮Ȱǧҩ
һ¿ɰҶСһһҪϴ죬˼һˡȻҲпĻһƲãƻɱڵҩǧٱҶСתƫƫֲ̫ˡ
ҩڲͷţܵѾڽתҩӡ
ѵע·һҶСзߺ޵ǵ˵ҵ촹ΪҪĵҽ磬ȴҲ
Ҳܾôһа취
ھ֮ʱһߴӰǰǲεġʦǸ꣬ɾͲ֪ȥġʦɽ֮ǰһ꣬ǡʦû͸¶һйص飬û˵Լݡ
꣬ĮһЩҶСһֱΪǡʦֻǸڼҴһͨˡ
ɽǰǳΪ󲮵ģɵһ죬ҶС㱻֪ԺʦˡգҶС֪Ϊˡ
ʦֻһ죬ڶձ㲻֪ȥ

᰷ϣһԼһ߰СͯԶ
˴׶ɫĳۣݲʮ꣬ȴƫƫһͷѩ׷ˡ
ʵ֪ԼǺ⣿
֪СͯӦ˵нڣνڡͨν黳ʯνԼᡣٷ磬أν׿
ֵ֪ʮ仰
Сͯҡͷ֮ı«ޣһְʮ᳤棬ڵֱＸǧףʮһ꼾ſʼ棬һڱҡֱϰס
СͯɻʵǰʮǿԳĸߣ
з磬ûǰʮ귢չι̸ϵ֮죬һڷزۣ˼ҶС˼˵޵߽ԡ˳ӦȻ˽԰֮ͬڡⱾ֮١죬ȻԶ
˶һ£ʵһ䣬ǷҪ磿˶ⶣܼ֣ܾѡպζñԹԷ
ҶСʴӱȻסɣصĵ˵ͷΪش
ã㵱μǣĪһģ
µһ仰˭Ҳû뵽ڶ˽ɽȥ֪ȥ򡣺ҶСʱ룺žͰ£ǹġ

ʮѵʦͲµһⷬҶС˼һѣʱʵһ˲ѡ
Էһа취һа취
ʲô취أҶСһ澡ѹҩһҩתڡһ˼Żʲô취һĵЩҩǱǴĺãЩҩܴĺô
壡ˣ߲㡪ɣһԼǻδպÿЩҩ壡
һͬʱģ¸ޡѵģϣΪѰʱƣҪֶͲôˡ
ַ߼ֱǣʢ־ꡢʵⷨߡܡɢƷתԲޡ÷顣Ч֮⣬߼ֱ֮ģޡ
ָ֣ɣλҪֳ塣һѵҶСΪһҪ֫嶼ҪŤ󴣬·С̾һƽʱЩҩŰһؾҪС
˵Ǳ޵ģΣʱܿԳӣҶСھ˽⵽ˣΪһƲţ˫˫ȶһ𡣵ֱۡȡɶһССʱֶһܼѣǵ˺ԽԽһֱ񱩵ҩҲʼ˳űŤ˵ľΪҩ̫Ӵ󣬺ܿ죬յҩ
һҩٶȽͣһǷ˳ɣҶСϿʼһΪȲڿ񱩵ҩҩٶһҲܼ
һʽҪЧꡣ
֮꣬ԵԴĳѼףﶬѨ٣ͨҲ˵ﳤҪУһϢ໤־
һʽҪͬһƣͬʱ˳Ϣǣֱﵽһ硣
һʽҶС˫ַ࣬ǰѹߵ֮״ǰǰѹֱ档ʱҪַ࣬ϡ
ҶСһֱͬһơֻȫʹʼľ֪óٶۡڲ֪У֫Ļܵһůů֮ʼ滺ʼ˳ͨı֣һʽҲӽɹ
ʱҶСҲ˳ϢҪǣֱﵽһ硣ǶҶСǲѣԼѣʵѴﵽԪһ磬˲һתﵽ˱Ԫһ磬һʽҲʽɣ


 Ƽ
伮мأߣҲСΟһߣƼз裬ͬɽͣСֽ֮䡣ߣ˵ҪЧΟչ֫壬ͨ̿£ӱƤ࣬һɣʹԴӣͬʱжҲ֮ߡ
ûãҶС㽫һʽɡʼ뷨ܵ
ʱվ𣬵ͷȭܲſ˫˫ţ޼䡣Ͼٳſգ´ҡڣǰҽںǰ̧գЭҡڣ˲ϻظ֮ôҶС֮дԿԡΪʹǽڽ죬Ѫ壬عڹǹؽڡ
ڵҶС񷢾ԼǰδеļʵҳƣһûʲôܹΪһʽȫ͹ǹؽڶ˽һҩִﵽһ塣
֮󣬱ֱǷ񡢷ޡ顭
ʱ䲻֪˶ãҶСһֱھ֮ŸֹƣֹɵľҲʼĽɻ·һ״̬ڲϵڵҩʶƺѾһ״̬
һӦƷǳأΪûй̶ƣҪֻǾѡơﵽһֽѣҵʺԼ״̬
ҶСҲ׷ſԼ˶֪У徹ȻƯ峹׷ɣ·Ưû֮У
ҵھңһˣȻһᾪȵõ°͡ΪʹҪҲҪ߷ɽҪƾշɶһҪڲУ
ܹƯȻ߲㷨ĹЧʱڵҩѾٱǣѸٵıϡ͡գҩıתΪٽڵڻʱ൱壬˵Ȼɵǿ֮ǰ
ڻƯҲ˱ͿԷУҲΪҲֻΪֻԵҶС񷢾ԼǱ
ҶСľһֱƯգҩڲϱա۳ڣһ浤ֻɵٶȿʼһ˿˿Ż
ֹ֪˶ãƤϿʼһںɫճҺ壬ԽԽ࣬ΪһĤʱţĤϱֱ·һ룬һںɫĴ롣
ԸҶСʱѾȫ룬·ȥһֹͣΪԾʹڲѧ̥Ϣάܡ

һգڵɺ졣ɾ⣬ȴһһŮļ١
Ůķ֬ԲԲƻһ˫۾ᡢˮǱ߻һССѣһ¿ˡ˱ҶС÷
еŨüۣ߱ڣ֮ʣƣһ˫Ӳŭ˸͸һɱϢ˱ҶСһ֮ˣΪҶԨǬ״ӡҲҶʵҶСѪԵϵҶԨΪֱˬȴҶС񣬷һʱ֮̽¡ҶСȻΪͣȴǲҶԨ岻ѡټǱңɴѪģ˽
ҶԨ״ӣɴȴͨӺһ֣걻ɵĥϲŻǴһɱϢոմĥ̽ҶСײҲڣһʲ֪ҶСھڱչࡣ
ΪδױٹȣһչҲǼգǳҲʮհˡһ±չĿǼټģǱչڼ˴ţǲ֪״ֲŶ롣ɼˡ
Ҷʦ֣˵СôȻҲļ٣ĵȴһֱԼҶСһ¡ȻͲʲôʱܷܳˡ
СһףҲҪ̫ˣչôһԭ򡣡ҶԨüͷ˼һ£ֵСѾչ࣬ҲӦÿˡǲ֪Ȼ˵æ鷳ˡٹǻûҾȥʦæΪҲһ̽鵽ڵ
˽̸֮ʱڡ䡱һʲôˤϵ
ھȴ˼գһ컹ǵһȻ֪ǺԿ϶˻ǻģһʯͷһ롣ĵĻҶСھʲô֪
ڵҶСȻ֪һСֻԼ˯һʱȻôǰһƬڣ붯ֽţŷԼʲôš˼һתȻ֮ǰԼӦڱչģô˯ˣ˯ô
ҶСȻڴ˯һһڰյĺںɫͺȻˤ䡣Ѿִָһ㣬һˤӦѡȴǻưɫճ״Һ塣
ӼڳҶСϻŻưɫĶ˲Щණæ̽ԼΪһ黹ãһ龹ԼĿɿڴΪԼﴦһŵ֫СŵšԼǿƺҲһΣڵ׵ʲô̶ȾҪȥٲˡСγɣҲȥ룬ڴԽ࣬϶Խ
̶ȣӦòǽڣڵĴСŨȻӦѾӽ˲ŶԡҲ޵ģֻҪ㹻һܹһֵģҴµһֵǲɵġ
ڿһƴĹֵˡҶС֪Լһ;㻹ϣȥġȻɻɣܻиͷֻҪһ۳㹻ԼͿ԰ѵɲΪˡһ㹻ȻǷʳҩˣֻԺ󲻵򲻵ѣǾԲҿƷõҩˣ
뵽ҶСһ󼤶ȶҡֱʰֻҪ·ߣҲ¡ֻҪ·
˷֮ҶСŷϻһҺ塣ҲҲ֪Լչضˡ

֨ѽһҵĴڻҶԨڴ֮£һһֱΪ֮ǣҶǵٴγǰ
һҶС˷֮˱ӶΪ֮鴤һ¡Ϊҵһ򿪣δӰһɳ˻ĻôġҶСһ¶棬ǲ֪ʲôѬ졣
ʱǲųײףԭҶСǾڳʼٸߡ
˵˷Ա˵ҶԨϵɱϢҲϵЦݵһЩ
ҶСһ鳬һɢųĳζȻһʱ˽Ļ
ôҶСһ仰δ˵꣬һϤĽСӰֱ˽֮ҶС˰벽ûһġ
С񡭡һֱ˵ҶСŴöִ֮˼ֽͲ֪һգȥ׽һ㡣
ҶԨˬһҲֻ죬ԴζĿˡ
ҶСȻҶԨ룬æļּ磬߶˵أմ·ˣ
˵꣬С˶ûһ·մҺ壬ͷҲմ˲١
ģҶСȻЩΣȴղƿֱ˺һᣬҶԨҲڣɿҶСǺ˵һԡ
δĶݳĬ֮ҶԨԴȵʵСˣ
ҶС϶ĵͷ㿪ڼ׷ʱæ˵ܵϴ裬ɾ·ٺϸ˵𣿡


 չسɹ
ҶСһϴ۹һ׺ĲͬȻ֮ڱʹ˴ʩչȻͬڵֱȳ˶ţ͸Ϊ硣ֻкӰ컹޷֪
ֱۣϸϸȥļ֮ϣӭӣȻһʯĹҶС˶һ˵ˬָоԭ򣬸ʵɴ߲㡪ɡڻ۵ʡضһų⣬һδǿ塣
֪ǿܵʲô̶ȣպõ¿æԡ
ƣָȭоԼδйʵ岻ӴǿȣݶʵҲͬо޴ġ
ϴ߲㣬ҶС֪Լܴﵽʲô̶ȡ

ҶСڴ˳ҶԨЦСųʦúõȣ
ߣҶʦǡҶԨӴ϶ЦͻȻЦЩӦ˵֪ôĵ׶ĸоû˵ڣֻһ½ֵһʦ֥¾ƣ
ҶСδҶԨÿζһɱϣµõ⾭ҲաԴԺҶԨ͸ѵûʦһΣʱ䶼ĥߵͬ·Խ֤նħΪΣȻɱԽأȴһ˲ɣڵĶɽСﶼСʢ
Ǻǣ˵ʦһǱʦɣ
ҶԨΪһȻвĽߡǱʦ֮һ֪ҶԨϲƣǵʲôƻǺ¾Ƶ֥ҶԨȥ
δӻҶԨڨڨһЦǺǣ̳Ҳϴʦ͵ġһþ֮ܶǰһֱûÿ̳ѵָۣС׳ɹأҪȸʹ죡
ҶԨһ䡰ʦá֤˹ϵ֮ǱͨǽСʦáҶԨǰǳƺ֮ǰҲʦáǡʦáڿϵеϷ֮ӡ
˵Ц֡
ҶС֮£ҪҶԨæԡҶԨһȻȻӦ

ҶԨɫһ࣬ʱΧƺҲ̡֮
ѹ
һѹӭѹҶСû뵽ҶԨѾܹͷѹѾ׵ˡҪͷѹҪӦʵҪӦԡҶԨѹɷݺᣬȻڲϵɱĥġ
Ҷʦ֣㲻óɣ
ҶԨƣжЩҶԨѳֲãҶСΪʹͨɽȫûҪմƷ½׷ɽɽƷƷɽǶǬɽҲƷϽ׶ѡ
ҶԨЦһӦСԵȫԸ
ҶԨȻЦѹѹɷȴڲӡǱչǰ¹ѹ֮ҶС޷վֱˣ
ãǾʹ磬СҲȫԸҶСȻҶԨķִ磬ҶԨȻҲóʮΪĵҲ֪ԼǲȫԸ治˵
ҶԨһĴͬˮʣֱաһ֮󣬲ŷɻصҶԨ࣬ڰա˽ǳʱɢһϢƺʱҪҶСɡ
һԵսȭͷǺˮҲ벻ףǸԣΪʲôҲʽǾһ㡣ͬʦֵҲʱд裬йƣ
ɽ仰ʺҶԨֻȵСˣ
䣬ɽӴһ磬ɲ֮ѷҶСǰֱŴȥ
ҶСͦ޷Զ˫Ŀ䣬֣ҶԨѹɱͣɽǰԵڿ籩֮Сȴ˿
䣡
ҶСδײ֮ǰѾҶС˺ƣδ´ʱϾҪγѪ
һӴЩҶСϣΪһʼƲСһ͵ȴľʵδжԼδʹȫѾԵ͵
ҶСδü룬㡰һһԼѹ˳ƱԭҶԨʹȫΪȫӳھȫѹӦҶСʵ
һѣȼһűѻ棬֮ĽøӷŰƺޣҪɵǰ
һѶΣÿһ̺֮ƺӡҶСһֱҧأȫֿѹ޷Զ죬ȫⶼýҫ֮£ʼʯҫ۹󣬾˫ҲһڵΪʱ޷ֵѾͬʯҲǿģֵܹѾҶԨԤϡ
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ҶԨһʱǰδеӴĻ˲ȼڵļ֮ڿռ䣬ҶСȻҲɡ
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䣡ҶСֻ˲䱻Ӵľɣǰһųȫ㱻ΧҲڴﵽޡ
һѣһž޴֮󣬳·ոͷ֮ϵӿ񱩣ƺʱҪҶԨͷŵѹҲӴڽϵĿѹȥ
һҶСǱǱɣֱɣΪһ±ɳʮףײڵ淭Ȧͣȥơ
ҶСոջϲõ·Ǳ˺ѣֱɣڵϹ˺üȦʱʣ¼Ƭմӵվ𣬾ͼǰ
ҶСϳһЩƺ޴󰭣̲סеС磬û°ɣ
ղһȻδܵסӦѲڵһ⣬ȫ鿴һ£δκ˴ЧȻС΢Цû£õġǲһЧ£
治µӣһЦĳŷЩյĹֵΪģƴˣ
˵û䣬ҶԨҲ˷ɽ˹Դ˵ȻСȻǺѣһɳ죡ղš
ЩҶԨ̫󣬿ģҶԨѻ˵̲꣬סСʲôղһ¿ҶӲ£οС绹ûúõĲԸƴһ˵ô죡ίƺҶԨһ㡣
ҶԨΪҲǴ棬岻ѣϵϺɱϢĵ׸Ƕ˷־ηҶСĽݴ磬ֽһ㡣Ǳ߳𣬿ɶҶԨȴֻСв
߶ҶСĵĪжοǺǣȻзִģ㿴Ҳû𣡡
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ոҶԨδ˵꣬ҶСοһæʵղ˵Ļ֪ʵܴﵽʲô̶ȣ


ڰ ˮ
ǺǣҸո˵һ֮ܲˣСڵסһӦ⡣ʵ֪ܴﵽʲô̶ȡ
ҶԨ԰գɫ㺦СҵĽˣҲܺùսϣСܹסոպʦõģϣʦĪҪ
һ٣ֵСոѾ֪ǿ͸Ʒ׷ɽԺǰõһ˵Ѵ͸飬ԺƴֶһƷ׷ɽḡΪȴʵȻѾԼսҪȫ׼
ȻȫԸôˡ
ҶԨջ֪ԼԼս֮£ҶСм⡣
ҶСɻæ͵˵ģɢģ֪ʲôĿġչôã紫ˡ
ҶԨҲ˵ѴˣСһ͵ͻȻսȻ˺档˵ʵҳʱҲ⡣ôӦ׼֪ô죿
αչͻƣȻʱѲˡҶС˵˲Щ˸Сֵαչطǵﲢǲܴһֱڴһ޶ȵģһ޶ȣͿ԰Ѷڡ룬һ취ҵҩˡ
һֱĵҹŸɢȥ

ݴһѨзħ֣ҶԨǷ֮ҪȥġóҶСϵڣȻѾ֪ҶС񹦳ɳأڶվͶǰ
뿪֮ǰҶԨҶСһϢ֮ǰһȵڷҪҩɳޣЩޣǿѾɣܿͻǰȥҩʱҶСҲɲμһͬǰȥ
ȻҶԨʱԼ֮ǰ۵ҩ϶ҶС񣬿ɿ˾ȼòǳ֮ƣȡҩĻᣬȻ˷ѡ

֮ϣһͿƼ׳Ĵ֨֨¡ɿƬᱡ򣬻ǰСͽ׵ѾЩϾɣûзãڷ絲궼⡣ˣϵĽʿɺ˷ܡ
ЩʿĿһΪˮȵСϿȣ֮ǰҶԨ˵ķıҩɴ޵ĵط˵ɽڷ˴ɳޣЩʿҪĿıժҩ˳ɱڵĵͽĥ
ǰƷҩȴǺرһ֣ΪһʿҲԷãûиõĵҩÿһŶֵǧʯĲУɳ޾Ϊϡٵһ֣ɸչ۸ÿʯ
ֵһǣȻͬڣȴǴʮСͯʮ궼С󲿷ʿἸ˾۳һȺʮˣٵˡˮȻûʲôǿޣϾ˶ð¡ҶСЩҶԨûʲôѣ⼸ŵδ

Ǹ˾˵ĵķսǸһŮʵ
ԣһŵģʱǸޣһ̾˵õʮ˻ֻǶα߰궼ˡǸǸƽ繷
ޣǹɹͷ
㴫׷Ц

ҶСʱһվڴߣſһСԶšԴϴαչغ󣬲֪ЧΪ壬ԼжǿࡣһȺ̸ʲôǴСֻҪոǶŮĶԻȻ
һ·ϣÿȺ˶ٵ̸۹ҶСĻ⡣Ѿǲû˵ʲôĻҶСȥЩ˵ĻΪⷢм˺ϵܣ̸ƺҲ͸¶βҩҪ˼޺֮⣬ȴ޷֮ģȡ̸̸ƵģĬĬ
ˮȣһڴˮΪϡհű߽˾ͻᷢСϪ֮лʱּʯǹ
ˮˣڸλͿнժҩˡ֮ڴ˴Ⱥ򡣹ʱľԼ߻ȥɣǸڵˣһͷͷ˵Ŷˡɳ޵չÿʯϽɳ˷ֱһöףλˣ
轱һ󻶺һϣĦȭƵ˱һɢֱڶȥ
ҶСѡһûߵС·һɽȥɽԽԽΧһЩľŲϵ룬ԽԽϧľʼ֣ЩҪҵġ
֮ڿʼǵһЩҩ֥ݺһЩͽ֮ࡣڵҲøŨˣܿʮ⣬Ϲڲʯ͹պÿԹӰ
ҶСյﲻã˵ŲӦˡ
ֻһ˷ܵ˵ٺ٣ĵشˣǿʼѰҩɣ
һֵԣץʱ䣬ڻû
һ˵ҩʱҪʮ־޵ǲ£һ͵ϮɾǸ˼ˡмʵġ
˵ּ֮Цٺ٣⻰ûӣҲ󣡡

ҶСһЦ鷳ٲˡҲʲôŮ㲻ʣұ㲻塣ȻҶǣǾͱȱ˭⡢ݸ
̫ͻʱ仹ãԱʵΧΣƾԼֻҪһЩô׺ͱײ
Ϊһֱ̫ԭҶСֻ˻ʱҵһɳޣڶûҵһꡣŲ룬ɳ޳ֵļӦø˲Ŷԡ
ٺ٣ⲻҶʦǺɣôһأҶСǰһ߻ҶС񿿽һһ߼Ц˵
Ǻǣ֪λʦҶĳк£ҶС˵߽߿ת
ٺ٣֪Ҷʦҵɳޣ˿ԽԽ
࣬һѡ
һꣿô٣ܱûкáٺ٣ҶʦֵΪʮ˶ûһֽչҪɳҲûãתøˣպصһٺúŵлءȻ
ҶСЦȴȻ
ȻȻݹֵܲˣ
δ䣬˾ɫһ䣬齣ҶСȥ
ҶСΪʿԼ١ǽ׺δԹֶѡ
Ȼ֪Լ̣ȻҲ֪ҶСĴ㣬ΪֻǶΪԶһӮס
ܿ˱Ķһš
һ֣˱дϲĵҶСȻǸ廨ͷõʮ껹ǶΪڻҵҡ
ûã˾ԽԽļΪ廨ͷϵѲ˰죬ȴ˿ռˣѹԽԽ
ִ˻ᣬռˣһ˺ȵʦܣҪˣ


ھ Ŀ
һһüĿһݡ˹Ȼ˿֮ͬ飬ɱУգΪԺܿҶСϵþˣײȸں͵òʧˡ
Ƿռһ˿һıˡҶСһɣöĵж󣬿ɾû취ѹס
ѡҶСǵһ󣬿ʼɱɱһΪҶСΪԭʣұ㲻壡
ڴ򶷵˱ע⣬˹ҶСⳡսֻ֮ͬ꣬Ҫɳޱã򲻵ǲ˵ġɶԷ涯ɱ⣬ǾͲͬˡ
ԽԽĺڷԼĴ󡣿ϧǷֵ̫˴ҪӦĴۣ
ҶС׼ʱһת󣬺޸ĵ˵ýˡ
ʲô˵һͷǰһҶСǰʧһ̣˵ıͬʱѪǼͬʱ̴Ѫӿ
һ˲ҶСժŵĲңȥ
Ӧֿɺ޵ߣԩ޳𣬲ΪһɳޣȴҪ뾹Ϊ˶ԼС
ҶСһɱˣȴûκβΪΪ˸Ϊ̫Ѽ̫ɱ¾
˴αãҪ˵˹ҵϣҰޡɱ֣Ϊ˵Ը챻ܣĻǺޣҲĵˣһ˲һˡ

ҶСûã˷ʬ塣ҶСڸһᷢ˾ˡ
ٺ٣ùôСˣǡֻȴֹ̾Ϣ첻ѡ
ͬʱֶҪָɾ䣬Ǹɫ
Ϊֺ飬֪˭˻СΪùͷֿԡ
ٺ٣ȱߣҿùϻʲôʣû

졣
ҶСһֻ޴޶šҶСо죬ûκһ³ǰĵشĲ룬޵ʵҲԽԽǿ󡣴ǸзһСľ֩룬ıһֲĹͼ
𣡡
֩һţʾһ㣬һ޺һȳ
ҶСһŵһѣΣæҺֻȳǾ綾ȻԼѾ֩͡
֩Ȼû׳һԴȻǸƻĴһƺҶСʵһ㣬ӲֻһԶԶ
Ȼ׳ҳ̵ĴҲǰ׳ģһ죡
ˣ֩뻹аֻĴ۾Ϊʲôһ֩ҲþʣΪֻ۾Ϸʣ˵׷ҾܣҾ׷Ҿܰô
һ浹սʼˡ
ʵֻ֩ʵҲǿ󣬲ռҶСһˣֲԶ̹ıˡƾԼܵÿ죬ֻƣռϷ硣һˣҶСҲΡҲҵҶС񣬲Ȼѱ־սϿˡ
ֶһᣬҶС֩ƵʿʼˡԭҲ磬ҲҪʱȥġһ㣬ͺðˡҶô컹ûҶСֻ֩ĴҲ͸©Щļģ
ҶСʱ䣬ıһֱӴսתֱ֩ȥΪѾ˹֩Ƶʣƾ׼ȷԤУһǰ塣
֩뵽ǸޣٽƻҲڸǲ˿ҰԣȻüҲӴܣǰֻצԭزɶȻ䣬ͻȻҲǰٶȱ֮ǰ˼ɣҺ졣ܶлſѪڣߵ֫Ҳ߸ٽҶСǰʱǿֻǰ֫ҲͬìֱҶСȥ
ҶСΪԸһѾ´ˡνֺԣһӲҶСìһǰ֫һնй֩򦡣
һȴҶСһ亹ΪԼһȻֻն޷һ֡
ãҶСаһҪˣԼԼûѽγ
սзֺʧ󣬶ġҶСνʱ䣬ҲǸʧ󣡿һ̣ȴҶСΪȡΪ֩ûǸյһֻܾ˵С֩һ㣬һţȻסĴ﷢صϰֻĴۣһģ·۸һ㡣ҵǸɲĴ֩룬ǸƻŮ˵ǳˡ
װǿ˵ùȥװ˭˵
һս֮ҶСֻСӴСĹ֩šֻǿһһѾսӣΪĽ֩ϣ֩뻹øһֻĴ۸ίòˡ
ҶСÿһ½֩һСעû֩Уٵֺ񱻿ԽԽӣѵΪ֩ԽԽţԼеԽԽ
ҶС񼸺Լͷ뷨ͷֳģĿܡ
ҶСֵһߴʮ־ԷͷͻϮһ΢ЦļͷӲǣ˵Ҫ£Ҳ˺㡣
֪ǷܵҶС봫ݵϢһᣬ֩Ȼٲ
Ҫ°Խ¾Խۡɣһ¾ͺˣ
Ҳ֪֩ǷҶСһ߶ţһ߰ŵϣȻʩ
֩һУҶСĽˡ
һҶС֩ûԼ˼Ҳûٴȥ뷨תߡû߶Զͷһǹ֩뾹ȻԶԶģһĸһһһֱһ룬ԶͬʱĴ۾ҶС

㻹򣿡
ҶС̽ʵ
أ
֩ؽͬʱϷ֫ϵĲϰڶ
ߣ
ҶСʵ
أ
֩ͬǻϵǰֻŵһɶ
һ㣬ҶСȴȷʲô
Ҫ͸ˣֻҪңȻ
Դ֮ҶСǰɳޣ͸ֻӴСĴ֩롣һб޽ӽ֩붼ᷢʾҶСȻһ֪̽ҶСǿࡣ
Ҫң
أǰֻŵһɶ
̫ˣ̫ˡ˷֣Ҳ㡣
ҶСԼⶼҪٽŴĿ꣬һڵ˻治ð졣
أ
ֻ֩뱳Ĺһź˲ѹֻ֩ڡۣһ
ɢȥ֩뾹ȻСֻаƴСˡ
ŽҲܻᷨô
ҶС񲻽ԼѧĳʶԣͨĴ֩벻Ǹ򵥵һޡ
СĹ֩ƺҫһĲϷءͬʱֻСŻڲϵɶ
ҶС֣֩ʶȤϡ
СһոջĿɲצȴô˳ˡཱུӣ̶̵İСȣ˵Ǻܴİֻ۾СĹ֩뵹Եôɲˡ
Ǻǣ㵹ЩͨԸ⣬͸һˣҶС֩ͨ飬ĵҲϲ
Ҫ֡磬ͽСĿɣ


ʮ 
ҲҲѱΪɣ˵ʦԼͨиԵʦʵҲɺӡ
ֻҶС߽ǽޣԼĿǰߵҲһԽ֤·ѱһ֪
ҧң
ҶС֮ȫһʱſڼϵİĿɳȥһ⣬Լһʱ֮ģ޵ĵڸͷС֩޴о޶ֻܿܲҧһڶѡ
ҶСæ·鿴˿ڣֻϼӡʺ졣޲ҧСҲҶС徭ѰɽԸƣȻһҧѪ
û
ҶСһ鿴֣֮һʹ⣬
ٿǱɵİĿʱſڵϲϷءĽֻ֫رȻֻ۾ǵɫҶСһֻǰָָ֫Լе򦡣
Ǵˡһҧһڣ㵹Ǽǳ𡭡

ڼʯļ϶ڣһߣСָϸмƬʺҶӣҶм״Ļ̽ͷֻǻ˫㣬ѳ꣬ɳޣʱӭҡҷ
ҶС̽ʯ䣬СĲ¸ոշֵɳޡҶСҵĵɳޣ֮ǰᵽ꣬ꡣǶһʯһǧİʯ
ոժɳޣϵİĿءֻ۾еɳޣҶС
֪
Ŀءֻһɶһһ죬˲ҶСļ棬һȥ
ĿȻûлָСССĸͷСϪʯ֮ϰһ¸߸ԾܶҲҶСĸۣһܾǼʮ
ֱԾһƬʯ̲֮һ޴ʯ֮һСƬյأյ֮ϵʯ䣬Ȼżɳޡ
ִһ£ʮɳޡҶСҲȫʯҲһöˡÿһö裬ԼĳɹʾͶһ֡
ҶС񻹿ҪҪһˣڿǲˡ̰Ĳ󣬼ȻѾԶĿ꣬ûҪðա
պ⼸ʮɳޣĵ׶ԼСһﲻмָмû뵽Լһ֮˸
ĿƺҲܵҶСĸмֻһɶؽֻǵ⡣

ڵһգҶСҲʼ̣ʱʱķڹȵ׿ٴС
ۿˮΧһ߽Ǹ߸ߵɽµıؾխС·ҶС롣
Ҷʦ֣㵽ͳˡǰˡһݸ߸ͷͷģ˵˵ϳ˸
⼸ڴҶСرעļˡһ¶棬Ϳ˲ֻǱҩġЦһ㿪żɽǣģ
һͲʮŮŭʦҲܽеģ
ҶСֻЦһΪߵűڵȷʿʦ֮ͬǰɺɽ鹥ҶСõĽھ
ʦѸҪ첻ײǰۡͷ֮˵Χֵﾰɫ㣬ʹ˳ҲҶʦ־أ
ʦ֣ϻʲôһѣǸʮŮ˵԰գͷŮȳ֡
֪ηŮֻΪҶС֣ҶСὣһתŮɿһתֱɨȥ
Ůձδվȣһ⣬ǰһͷһԼðɺѪһ̱ڵء
ʱ˱ҲȻҶСһоͻһˣȴֻŮֻǸոѣçײ˻Ҫͷȴû뵽ҶСѽȡ
˰벽պöһֱ̹ڶԷδ齣֮ʱҶСֻһҽУֱѱնϣǱնϵֱصһ̣նֻų
Ųƣһһбննһұۡ

ոջڵˣغϣֻʣĸͷ֮ˡ˳ĸСŮֻн⣬նұۡ
ԭͬ鶼˵ڵϰţҲԭͽҶСҩ˳㻹ܻȥ͡һԺݣʹȻһ־ǼöҲǲأ
ͷҲǸʹĻɫһͷԣæ˵ڵأſ޺Ҷʦ֣Ҷʦ֣ŹҰɣҹϣҡҡ
ߣңŹɡҶС񵭵˵
ͷ˻վȻŭҺƴˣֱͦҶСŴȥҶСҲ㣬ҪʱָֻһУϻǯѶԷָ䡣
һק£ɳȴȻ޷ֺη壬лδüٶģҶС˫ָһתʱϳءһ̧һ⣬˳ն϶Էұۡ
ҶСָᵯָĽʱಡһɳֱϴȥ˸㣬ΪԼǴͷ֮ˣҶСҪԼһعʱŷԼţֻǲƶѡ
ҶС񻺻£ͷϰøɾ˵ȥ飬ǵ³³վ󣬼˻ڵϰţֳڴ˳ߣ
ҶСڼͬɱһ㣬Ȼк޲ðƤ˺⣬ȴٸһΥ档æ໥ţӿ
ǵһ£ߣ
һΪҶСѵڣȴҶСּ˵Ū˲ٵɳްɣ°ɡǴҲʲô¡
һޣȻҲжʮɳޣ⵹ջ
⼸ΪµģҶСɱǵ顣ϵÿһһۣٷŻȥڳͣɱආԺٴȥɱҶСδ죬ɲ׷ҲҪŮ˫ʵƤˣֻҪվͿȬҶСףױãŸһλᣬֻǴ˫ȣССͽ䡣
ҲҪⳤߣ˸߳ԶҶС泯żʯ
䣬ͼʯһЦһǸӣһݸġ
ٺ٣ҶʦĪҪ֣Ҫ͵ġʵǣʵǲҳ˵Ц֮ˡ
ҶʦֲҪǿ԰ɳȫ㣬˵ĸӡ
ݸĵֽӿڵʲôûһ˵
Ц֮æͷֽŵǿԷģ֤һҲᣡ
ǺǣλˡǣˮֲҼҵģǰľʹģҶСǺһЦ˵Ҷĳһ⼸ɳ޾͵л񡣡԰ձóɳ޵ݵЦ֮ϡ
ѽôңôҡЦ֮ѣȴӵֵ޹»ҶʦʲôҪֵģܷԸ
Ҿֱ˵ˡ¼򵥣ֻ뼸λصʦźԽ֮²ҪҪĴɢһ¡
ٺ٣֪ҶʦҪô˵ء
Ǻǣʵǣʵ˵ˡ
ٺ٣û⣬¾ͰֵˣҶʦ־ܷģЦ֮ڴӦҶСղűֳʵкǼɵȻҶСһ֪̽ҶʦֻûķԸҪûУһˣ
룡
ҶС˸ƣȥ

˵Ȼȳ˵Լɻȥô˵ͲһˡҪǱߵ˺ڰף׷Լ鷳˿ԸԼƣ֮ԣԼҲ֮ΪԼ֤ĳϣҲ˵˾ȺΧԼˣûˣԼǷǻڻҪһˣҲɱڻǸõѡ


ʮһ 
ʱ֣һԳ¾ɵСˮڴաʱнˣȴɡٵһЩЩȥЩԶҲزȥˡ
ҶСɶССǰԶغпϣС֪ʱΡ
һѣһȺ໥̸ʲôֻʱϲȴϲǸ롣
С֮ڻصʦš˻´в֮ˣ̲ס̾仰ǡǡ´ҶСڶֻǵʱҶС񻹲˾δԣҲδ⡣

ˮȲҩ֮ҶСͻƶϢҲ֮ڴҶСȴ⣬ղǳھȫĸֲ²⡣ûúھͿʼһ־Ʒн׵ľҼ۸Ҳܻ㣬ֻÿζǺܶ࣬кܶʿ׷
Ҷʦ֣һľ룬ٺ٣Ӧ󰡣ǰѼ۸һɣûɣһЦʿϹϾ˵
ǺǣĵĻʱ䵹һֱͷλˣҶСӹһʯóһöƿݸǰ֮ˣ˵µĳͣ°ɡ
ǰЦֲ֮ŶˣϴΧҶʦ߸ùɽʣǸСѾͷҲձŲ
Ц֮ΪģҶСˮ֮һ

ԣԸԣ
ĸߣҶСװʯĴڴʯѵæ򿪴ӣ׽һֻƴķ֩룬Ǹղ֪ȥİĿ׽ʱﻹſʯڵİĿȼǰһȦ
һһʯͳˡҪά֣ҪɽգҶСĿ̰Ц
ϴε˲ٵɳޣصɺҶСֻϽʮ꣬㼷Ͻǰλá˲ʯһöɵ֪Լи©һöɵû취ͻƵԼ˲ٵɳޣֻ߼۴һʦɵĵļǧʯԼɵ©ɣɵľԣܹ˰ɣ
ĿմҶСʲôͳʲôǱҶСԵĶһЩûãҶСְⷢĿȻֱʯΪʳԴǴκͷʯԡθڱԽԽΪҶСȥ˲ٵ伮ȴû鵽ĿʲôޣǸ伮ᵽЩ޿ʯΪʳٳɳ
֮治СҶСΪĿ⣬ֶһʿ
ʯԣͰ͵İֻ۾ҶСĲ̡ˣܲšۿϻû㣬Ҫ
Ų뵽ľȡʯһ¡ֲΪҩʱ˷̫񣬱뵽ˮˡ⼸һȻӦҶСִ󷽣ÿθĳͶֻ಻٣ǷľҲľҶСľǾƷнף۸ȴ͵ͽ׵Ĳ࣬Ҳûʲôĵģתֶѡ

һתۣڱֻмʱ䡣
׬ʯҩҪҶСÿնæĲֺΪȵҶСľʱÿֻһţѾһ¯ʮţʧҲ͡ưƷҩĳɹҲӽɡҺֻǳľһֵҩȻɵҩʦһеѹܴ
ڸոշһҶСھھǰ滺ҩֻڵҩϳʵ£ԽԽʵ
ͻȻҶСͻȻͻȻҩٶȻӿ죬һֱ˴󲿷ҩĵҲȲʼתԽԽ졣ֻ忪ʼȣȡǡ顢ۡ䡢ѹиеȰָоϽ֡
Ҫˣ
ҶСһ죬ͻȻ٣ЩšոճֵǰָоǰŻֵı˴ʿʼת䣬ҪתΪϴ壬ͬʱϸİָо
ҶСæڣʶءϢŻֱﵽȡϸ΢Ҫ˫ҲȫޣҲƺˡֱﵽһ硣
һҪҪҶСԣʵѴﵽܹʱصĽһҪѾһʿϸ߳ࡣֻǿϧһֱ֧ԲôáҪһ¥ҪͼֽȻҪвϲſɡͼֽȴһֱûвϡҪһﵽ˳
ûãҶСڵʼ໥ںϣСһ뵤֮ڣһҶСھһѰСšתٶȴﵽʱڿʼϱСҲڲʵ
ҶСֻƺһǧؾʯѹԼﴦѹԼ޷
䣡
֪˶ãҶСʶ֮з·һըƺһͻȻʶֻ˵ʶһ硣һͻȻƾճ֣ʶ֮С
ǰһСǹģԶĵطֻޱߵޡ޼ʵĺڰ
ϸôԼɹˡϸɣԼʶһγ
ʲôϸеҶСͻȻԼǰһСУȻһСǣʱӳֹԡ
⶯棬һҶСͰǿšǡ֮УСǡںССөһ㡣ϸǳǸ澧壬ʱҫֵâ
ˡҶСɻͻȻдһ
˭ôϸ˭뵽ԼϸﻹбڵġοҶСǸոԼҲŽƬ̡ٵҲҪܾ
ңһ͸ӰҶСϸڳ֣һӰ
ôҵϸϸʿĸֹ£ҶСҲһ顣
ǺǣҲһƲлѣ㲻η塣˭˵Ի֪㡣ӰֵʱУ¸óȥˡҲµȥ
ʲôҶСҪ׷ʣͻȻϸڵһСؿʼһȻɹʱʶ᱾ܵĽϸΪϸոɣȶʶ̫ͣãȻϸױʶҲ֮ʧойʱϸʶʧΪ˵ӡ
׷ʣҶСֻһǸӰɻ뿪ϸ
ۣҶСȴûһɹϲãûΪʵеȴֻصǡһֱ²ϣͷһƬơ
׽ٶҪˣ㻹˼룿һͻȻС
㣿ʲô׽٣Ҹô׽١ͻȻָոջҶСⱻһ˹£ȴҲֲˡֵû뵽ԭֱӺҽ̸
ֻԴֲ˵ǲģ㵽濴֪ˡŲ㣬Ļɢ˲Ҫû㣡


ʮ ׽
ҶСһֱ²ϣ֮䣬ҶСмˡȥҲʲôʧһ߳䣬ȻƷɶջۡ
пʼֵһ⡣ҶСͻȻзƣʱһĻҡڤڤУƺܵʲôΣڵԼ
ѵ׽٣˵ڶ׽ǰжӦܹǰԤ֪ǴûҪɽٵģǽԺŻ׽¡ԼֻǿΪʲôҲġϸǳһˣѵӲ
Ṧ㲻ѧôǸҶСԺ
ҶСô˵һϲ˵ǣ㻹ң
һһУҶСǻ۹֮ǳ˵⻰˵硰йü֮ࡣҶСȴƾ赽ڽ̸ļ仰³Ӱ֪࣬϶ȳԣضа취
ӿɽ̣
ǸҶСĻҲǹһЦȻҶСӦ⡣һת˵ûУҵ֪һ֮ǰȻֻǳ֮Ҳǿϰ֮Ϊ͵׽򲻿ܣҲΨ壬״ſɹ˽٣ǳɹɻΪģҲǴкôʹ׹á
Ƭ̣Ӱ㽫幦ϣֵȻڸ㡣Ӿ׽ٻҪӲӣɡǡӡֻ͡ؼǿ
˴˻ҶСĵʱҪѧһ׹ôף˵
о仰У澭Ĵھʦڡѧһ׹Ҫзѭ򽥽һһ⣬ٻȥһһϸϸĦһ仰Ͳ֪Ҫò
˱ˣڵ˵ҶС츳ҪߣνĻ۸ҲΪԼߣŻΪһɽ׳ɹ
ȻֻһͿȫ򣬵дȴѾ֮ߣ츳ԭҲкŬЩҶСϻѧϰȵȣһ˲ĵ伮ĥҲϰߡ

ˣúɽ졣
ƲϷԽԽͣڳҪ
꣡꣡
кȻ³һƬҫۣҰ׵硣Ƶһһĳڿдܶи֧顣¡¡һֱϣ
翪ʼϳһۡ
᰷ϣҶСҲߵһյ֮ϣ֪׽Ͼˡ

ѵ٣ĸӵڼɽ٣Ƕ֪ġôû˵Ҫʼˣǿֲ֪λʦ֣ԺҪһλڵʿˣߣôöɵģ˵ɣ
ʱڵҲ󣬷׷׳ۿ໥̸šвһЩƽѵһΪ֮ˡ
꣡
ͻȻҶСͷĺȻһµһֱձѣˣ
һ̣һڲԾĶסеΪЩģǲòĶ䡣˿ֻǽڵʿȫ𺳺;η·ҪնԼһ㣬ȫġ
˿ҶСȴû˼֮̾ЩȫǳġȫΪԵʣƣʱһƬιҶ
ֻ״壬ԻỤס㲻صġǸҶС׽֮Ծ׽٣оŵһһͣҲоž׽١䲻֮ڲԻٻ̺֮һע
ɲһƥʱ˺أ˻ϸûɵֱֱϵҶСӭͷ£
壡ϲǾһ𣿡ǸҶС񣿡ǸǰҼδôھͶɽˣ᰷û˰ɡһʲô캦飬춼ݰ
֪Ǳ˭ģһܵ壬ʱ𾪲ѣֲ²⡣Ϊ˰ҶСɺ󣬾Ͷȥûͽܣ᰷һֱֻҶСһˡ
ҶС
ҶСҧأһ˻ݺᣬҪʵ塣֮ǱҶСɵ˴룬ʣµĲֲ͸
ҶСæڼӿתװԸУ֮ףҪ֮ԼԸоͲôˡҶСѧһξѼף֮ھ׼ǰһֽܸ漣
񱩵ľܶʱռҶСȫСҵҶС֮ǰƿͻȻľȫ֮ʹ֮зʽϴ塣ֻ֮ϴҪգȻѣȴǲɡֻȷ˺弴ɡ
һ£Ϊ֮ɫҶСҲǺģƾǲ֪ʲôȻ潫ڵ֮ȫȴ̺Ŵ֮Ǵ濴ȥɿһҶСڵС֮ͣ
ⲿ֮ǿɢģҶСȴûôһεľ֮ǰеЩ֮Ҳȫ⵹̰Ĳ㣬Ҫɢȥ֮Ҫɢܣո⣬һܲ˳˵˲ðյЩ֮ҲһûܷСЩ
е֮ԽԽ٣õһ߱ҶСһڱ׿Ҽûһ˷ѣȫ塣
һεҶСµߡҲøʵΪո׵ԭܾȻɢĵâˣܵڶƽͣҶСȴĸ㡣
ڶĵһ͹һΡҶСȴһһ֮ȫû˷һ֣
ڵ˵ʱҶСʼоЩˡ˿̣˿ɢң˫гѪ˿ҧؿ֧ţ֮ǰһƾԼиһ˳˹ڵʵֲ̫ҶСڵ֮ҲΪ̫ͣѿʼЩ޷ƣ˲СˡҲѾʵ壬ڵѲȥһǿ֡
ڣ׻ǿǵߵڰ˵ÿһǿһҶСܵҲԽԽϸӰס񣬲˵壬Ҳ֪ɢ˶ٴΣովǿЩǱǿҵƻ
˿ҶСϥڵϣһֳŵأŴھһ£Ҳ۵ܣȫһ鴤
ҶСп΢𣬡ޣһ³һѪĭӡҧǿȫʹվֱվñֱͷǲĺƣо䡢η޾壬׼ӭһξ׵ϴˣ⿡ȻݻٵĲƲȴվñֱأ
ꡭ
һأ׻һɲǼҪҶСɡ


ʮ 
ˣͽҰɣھ׻ľҶСɵһɲǣеͻȻ˵
ת˲ҶСǿ֧ŵܱ޷֮ȥһɢȥһ̣е֮
ǰδе֮вҶС񡣱ǻذУҶСֻͷӣԴӭײŲᵹ¡˿̣Ҫ˻𣬺ҲѾ޷ˡ
ˣÿһ˵
׸ոһ˲ҶСڵһϸתֱЩ֮˵ΪҶСһֲһĸоȻԼȴֲԼģΪšҲҶСĺɫһɫȻֻССһɣ̺ȴ쳣ӴԶЩɫܱ⡣
ʱҶСеǸϵ˵֮ж̫𣬵ʪ棬ˮܣ죬ֹˣˮ˻жɣȴˮԽңԽʢɫԷ죬ﱻȼɻңŻ̶ֹ̼ͣʮ֣ȴ֮
ѵɫ𣿡Ȼ޹ϵ˵ҶС񲻽²⵽Ҳж̶ͷʶ뵽˻֮С
ʵϣɫȻͰ֮һϣȴͬȺһ㣬ǿ񱩵֮νսҡһᣬ֮ͱɫɡϧɫ̫٣һְ٣һʱδĸɾ
ʣµĽûɣ˵󼸸֣ͲٳǹƺǿһֵɫҲҶСתһȦع鵽ϸ֮С
֮ɫľҶСͷҲݵĻعܴ˿ɻ󣬵ҶСȷϸǸӰԼڲᡣȻֻʣСֵ֮ȴҲҪȫԸСΪԼͻ׽٣ϸеӰһ֪ԭ򣬴׽٣ȥҪʸס
ҶСһ֮ͷһʯͷءΪİ˾׽٣һɣ˺ƣͬʱϮҶСֻԴһΣ㲻ʡ¡
̱һ˲һߴӰֻ뷢԰ףź£һ˫۲ŭ˿˸͸һɻƬ֮˷׷
ˣǣһ˵
ضʣˡӣֵʦܣһö굤¡

ϸ֮ڣҶСӰԼϵһ¡
ЩλǰʵʵΪﱾӰһƬΡ
ǱɵʵЩȫǱӰʶˡ
ӰԼ˵ֻһƲлѣҲΪ꣬ҲֻһЩƬΡ
˵Խ
֪ʱʼ֮г硢ħ硢˽磬硢ħħ硢˾˽硣˽ҲӵлּصܣҲӵħƽƽĵλвħ˽ĸԴˡħսһսǧ꣬Ȼཫֵħ𣬲ͨ취ǿƵռͨϾ֮ǡΪս˽ȴѾǴ꣬ɽؽԱٻҲûǣʺʿС
ھսѹȥ꣬˽ڿʼָսǰ˽ȴԲͬնһʿԿɣڵ겻Ǹеͽ׵Ӷѡ
⣬˽ӦýŶԣΪѾסвսµĸŹ¡жѾû˵ˡ
лԭǾһһõʮ֮һġǵڵľ֮һľչľܹ֮
飬͵Ϯ󲻵У֮һƿգȻѣвٵԪҲݻ٣ֻһƲл˽硣
£뵽ڻδҶСڡԭǴҶСʶδ֮ʾȡ֮ģȴⷢʶѳͣһһȻĽػԼһƲл֮Ʋǲ⡣ȻԺϱ㲻ҶСĴˣڵҲǱлȡ֮ġҶС񡱡

֪˶ãǲлͣ¿˵·Ļ䵱СһȻ䵽³˶Խܡ֮ҶСǵһ˵⣬ȴû̫뷨һոڵСʿٶҪСЩ̫ңԶˡ
лΪ˵Ҳֱܶ鶼гƣҶСҲȡ֮Ȼһһֱѹĵʣ֪Ҹĸ֮£
ǰЩһֱڳ˯ЩҲ֪ġֱﵽʱſʼתѣԡȻںҶС֮·ҲʮΡ
ˣ˵ʶʱһ⻤ӣ֪ʲô
һִδͬսֵĳɱʿ
ʲôôҶС˵Ǹֹâ塣
ǺǣҸһɡлЦЦֵνƶѺһʶû̺Ҷľ硢Ȼ򡣿ԵһӰɣҲԺԳɳΪһľԺˡ
Ǻǣ⵹󣬲ʲôأУԺôأһֱҵϸڰɡҶС˿澧塣л˵δ̫ЩԼ֪ʲôЧڣһ汦
кԺԻ֪ܷѿԼҲĪôġڲһƲл꣬Դʶ֮пʼѾһˡҲ൱ӵ˸ֻûпȨǲл˵ԳΣֵھ뿪ҲΪˡĿǰΨһİ취ܾҪȵﵽڣҲпɡ
Ƿзڵʿ˵ҶСĵлûгͷ֮ˣϾԪӤʿָڶݣ֪ԪӤʿҲûֵԺҲ˵
֪޶㹻ˣ㺦Ҷʮ๦뿪磬ȴҲҺܶһ;ʮ겻ָ֮䡣ʧ֪ǸҲʮԺ޺ԣҲ㺦Ҷʮ๦Ҳ̫ˡϾʮĴۣҲҶСøӼǿҲøʵԿǸڻعÿһ۶ĪĲƸ
лһ޵ҹȻûҴˣССͣܿһ㣡ԪӤΡΣĸ˲Ǵһġ
һȵ˵ɣ־ȻûøԶȴ̤̤ʵʵߺýÿһ·ֵ֪˶ãӦòûȥ˰ɡΪһֱлػε֮ʱʶŻԼܵϸȻʶҲߵеġ
Ŷˣһ顣ҶСȻˣԼ˵ǹůҲɫʵһ׵ɫɾ𣿡
ΪҲ֡ԺҲβٿģȻҪȫٿҪȵڣܹС
ʱҲһֱڰɡҶСΪʲôԼĵҩһĸ߳һˡ


ʮ 
ʱҶС֮Ѿȥʮ졣
ǬӵϣһʮŮԴֽǵʵʦ壬ʮȥˣСôûأֻԲԲپ£һ˫۾ᡢˮüĿżֳݣԽԵóˡǱˣһغҶСʮ
ֻǱʦ֮ԴɻջظոոҶС֣̽˵׽ʱܵѾĻָѾˣֻˣԪƺûκ״ӦúܿͻѡֻȻһö굤ô̵ʱھͻָ嵹쳣ǿѰ˿Ҫɸ굽һġ
ǡʦ塱תһ룬ҶСո֮Ϳ˾׽٣ǲǿͻҷˣ뵱Լɽʱǽɼӵġֻǲ֪ҶС񵽵ʲôЧ뵽ҶСӵǧ˶ѳһĵȴƫƫʮʱûκνչںòͻƣɸոɾ˾׽٣о׽٣ƫƫ˹ȥǲ֪ˣҪ˵ʡ
ҶСָ΢΢һǡסϲС磬ˣ
˫ۣһϤÿԼʲô飬һĶų˵УֻöһУ˵
ҶСѺǬҲ̽һΡڼɶҶСͻΪλھ٣ζɹȻⲻһʡȻ˵Щϸڵ֣ټٺһͨɻأ˵ȥľԼ徭ϡϾû֮ˣҲ޴ӿ֤
ۿҪˣڵ黰ֶһǾǸžȻɹˣһ١ٵ˵͸ˣ˵Ӣţ˵ҶСպضһ˵˵һʲô֮£ǸǣŻή¾ףͽ䡭
ҶСʱ󣬾һûùСһߣҪƴĵҩڻȡʯͬʱЩʯȡĲϣ蹮ԼΪ
⣬ڽʿɵĲرѡȡһֹҶСϸвлʯȻȥڵʲôرѡҲҶС񱸺˹
׹ԭҲϳ˹ȻˡʲͬҾ֮ѾԹˡĹΪȴ񡣺񣬲ŻͣԪӤڶͻơ壬¹Ϲʿּл֮˭ģƾǿȻ˲Լ⣬ȴû˵׹ԭ
ѡĹ϶һ㣬Ӧòôȫ顣׹ͬʱ壬һҲʲô׶˻ưɣб֮ΪЧԽǿĹԽѡ
ȻƱóڵŻᷢչҪͬʱȻѲСѰ˷һҪ֡ķֵ֡ң׹û޸ĺҲֻϿСͣһ£ֵǷҪѧͿѡˡѧҲᴫһȻǲرеЩͽʿĹ
Ǻǣ޸˹˵ô໹ѧѡ񣬾ѧ
ãָտɴˣȻҶСȷҪѧʮ⣬·ѡ⹦ֻʱһ㡣
Цת˵ҾͽϾ㡣Ͼ㹻ԪӤڣ
⻰ҶСеһӦ㼶Խߣ˵ԽǸɵĹһҲԪӤѣǹǲᴫµġϾѾﵽԪӤڣǺ˵á
ԪޣҲѡǵԪҲ˽ڡ֮ǰϸеľӣкܴġ

֮ҶСѾʼǱ˵֮һʼŷûǿ󣬵ȴһ㲻С
ҶСÿĴ󲿷壬ÿ컹Ҫ֮һʱ䱻лѵһȾͱ˲١ϾҪ塢񶼴ﵽͬһ㼶Żס
ҶСѾﵽڣ徭ϴҲǿﵽ㼶Ͳ̫ԶҪ¿ʼ
ÿ֮ҶСֻþĥþ֮ҶСˡҲħŮٶ˵׼ɲľʯͷδšδĻĵһʱҶСֲԼڻþʵ

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ҶСһŭȣڵһƵһ˫ػþ˫ػþڻþмþ
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ʲôõģոսһѡƵ˫ػþ֮ҶСȻᣬͲãЩ뵽ڲŲո𲽶ѣĵһơ
ޱȣҶС۸츳ҪôòţסΪԼҲЩӣڲŲǸոմĵһҪ󡣶Լ᲻úķ̫ྫΪ״Լȥ˺ܶޡˣҲóÿһ㼶Ҫ̣Լ徭״ÿôϴҲǵһѡҺ౾óﵽԴﵽһҪ
Ǻǣ㲻Ҫ̫ˡⲻѾһôֻҪ˵Ĳ㣬ͿˣҪǵ˵߲㣬ǵӤΪ綥ȵ㵽˵ھŲ㣬ҾʹоȻɳ̥ڣҾͿϸˣ
һʱദҶС˴˱øϤҶСûʲôԹڱ¶˱ࡣҶСҲȻ֪ǻ˼ǧ֣ʵΪ˵ʱͬһ򵥡Լ˵ԭҲϼ޻ģǡΪֻһƲлԺܶ࡮ϼ޻뷨жʧˣǿɱ̾
ҶС˵Ŷϸ￴ˡһ

ǣ
ֻϸ֮ԭһسױһСɵ졢һСڵءҲøʵһЩʱ֪ĸ˸ҡΣʱһҡһΡһûе꣬ȴƫҪѧ˼ҵģܡ
ٺ٣ĺôע֮壩λһ壬ศȱһɵġ֮ϸõǿܻ۵Ҳøࡣ
ҶС˿ܣɻʵǸľأôˡ
ֻǲлֵ⣬һЦ˵ٺ٣Ұˣ˵ջָָһС
ҶСʱɻôָԼϸڵء
лһĿ϶˵ȻˣȻôľӣҲҩ
ϸֲҩ⵽û˵ҶСһĲΣΪʶϸֻһ֮أ֮壬Щʵ֮
ĹЧˡֻĻҪ˷ϸҲʵġʵʿһԼĿռ硣
磿
ǵģϹŲһЩԼһġֻ̫С˶ѡʵӦҲںܶСģֻҲѡϹʿͨ죬вһЩԼһС磬˺ͺѡ


ʮ 潣
㿴ЩҩӣĿôԴл˵ϸҩһºҶСһֱ档һЩҩӴһԡϾҲҩ԰꣬ҩЩ˽⣬ɻҩܹΪ¾ϸҪʲô
ٺ٣ľӵĹЧˣľǰѴڣֱյֲϸ֮ڣ֮յΪãٻй¶һֵϸ֮УҩԱ߹ǿΣƾЩй¶㹻ˡֻڻǿӶѣЧҩްˡֻǿϧЩй¶еؼ಻ͬΪ޷ãֻܱЩˡҶСɻ͵
ԽԽˡԺˡҶСԲл˵ЩЩɣϸֲҩݣǾ൱ԼϸѾһСռ䡢С磬Ѿʵ廯ˡѰϸбģԼЩţϾֻڶѡʲôеҲ⡣еĵ伮мصĶ֮ǿһһƬŵ磬Ҳǲֶ
ڶգҶСϸڣȻǰµҩѾѿ̵ҩСپȻ棬⾪ȵľӹȻ棡˿ѵҵϸѾʵ廯ˣ
ٺ٣˻Ĺͣв˼ֵ⣬ٺһЦ˵ٿûֱرĵط
ģҶСĴƺûб仯תۿЩҩСʱһȵЩҩҪܳ죬ǷѿҲҪٰϣôոո£ѿˣ
һЦ͵ڷˣľӴЧṩҩ֣ԴҩݡڵЧٿ̰ٱľسʱѾڵϹ֮¹ǧҲδȫ֣ԺҲ㻹ῴ೬Խʶ˼Чġ
ǺǣȻ׬ˡȻһôҩ԰αʲҪϸʲôҩԭ֮ҶСȻֻǺǺһЦû״ȴѡƽʱֵЩѰҩҪҷѿſɳɡҩ͸˵ˣǷѿɾͲ֪ҪʱաҩҲ˵ɼɣҪԽãҩҲԽҲԽҩǿģǼֵǣĵرҪꡢǧܳɣɵҩ󣬿ҩӾҪ˵öˣľЧԺҩϿɾฺ
֮ҶС˲ٳԣϸֲҩʱȻ̰ٱңֲֻֻʮѣٶľ޷ѿˡϸЧЩѰҩ̫˷ѣ㻨˲ʯԼҵҩӣϸ֮ڡ⼸ҩƷҩϣֵǧʯ⻹ֻǳɵļ۸ݸ˼۸ǻɱϷġ
ҩļ۸߰ӾҪ˶ˡҩҶСֻҪһͿɣȻ࣬ҶС˵ҲǲƵġǰһһֻаʯҶС˵ҰˡϣԼΪľӵ
ʱҶСŷԼʮʱķϣջֵ̫ˡֻǵΪֹл͸Լ˷츲صı仯׻˵ͶұԴҶСҲᶨһҪҵлϸľġϾлȻ˵˭ԸձϸһСأο껹ĵλ
ŶˣǸżСҲЩرԺ˵׼ҲɣҶСʱ˵
ĿôѵľӶҲйЧôҶСʵ
Чûô󣬵㲻ΪԺȳˡ
ҶС񽫰ĿϸֻǰĿĴһͼһ´ҶСļҶСͷϣҰֻצӲϴŲץҶСͷƺʮֺһģ
ҶСδģͷ׽֪ôĲлͰųʱĿƱŵþһ㣬ֻǲϴҶСôڲûӦֻǰֻ۾塣ҶС㣬ûãԴκɻ˵ǰģ֪ôġǲǺйϵ
ȴֻһЦһУǰĿ㱻׽˹ȥƯڰ֮УƯڰգֻаƴСȻڲɶİĿ˵Сһܺһмֹϵ㲢δϰ֮һѱһ£Ժ˵вС
һĿУŻָȥƲôֲһЩֻǿʼðֻ۾ĶҶС񣬺˵Ҫҡ
ѰĿҪķѴʯι˵ҶСҲ֮֮ǰֱֶɿĿѰޣֻδҲ˷츳ҶСҲֻǶЦЦ㲻ٶ˵ʲô

νϲЩܡԼȫѱޣڶֻǰѰĿšܴϸʡ²پԼ˽⣬ԼĿ˵׼ԼҲ˵׼

һѾ㹻ʵˡһտʼǰҶС˵
ģ̫ˣٲˣ
˵ճ˵ҶСɹͿģû뵽иҪ󣬾ڻδ֮ǰϰκҶСۿҪڣżҪǰϰģɱһ䣺֮ǹʹõĳֱ֡Ϊһʱ֮˸ѹ˻ȥ
ɣܻᱻɣҿɵĽȻʵҲпȡֽ֮׶㹻ˡҪģҲǴӽڿʼġԡ
ûڵҪѧʲôô˵Ҫ㺦ˣҪӦĹܷӳʱʣ²һ£ҶСҪһŹ϶ˡ
Ҳ˵ôѧϰɵĽ˵ҶԽ⣬ΨһмĽĻ
ǸʲôڵʿϰͷõĶѡ׽ĸֻãʿս̫ԿˡҶС룬̾ˣϾ壬ŵۣƾҲԿһֻ飬ܾûʲôϣˡ
ǺǣδأʲôǽʩչһַڻͿɻ˵ɽȻȴƫ˽ıʡҲɱ˵ļǿĽһ㣬ǻʵġȻ򵥣ʹõȴֱӣЧķνɲԻĹз豹Ч


ʮ 
ҶС˼һ£˵Ҳеа취ûΪɣֱӽɣҪˡ
⻹򵥣ͽͲǷעһѣֻҪڽ۳Ϳˡ
ҶСԭͶѧԭΪ֪ߵʦ̵ѧϰ͸˳ڽ֮ǰȰԭԭҲ̺ĵеĵӦͿ°빦ܶڱ˿ĵӹзֱҪ
޸ĺٴɾ˲ʽֻʣʽֱǣ֮潣ʽͼ֮ƽʽɱ֮⽣ʽɱ֮ԽʽԼ֮Ҳĳˡ潣ȡȥɴ棬豹֮⡣
˭Ҳ޷뵽ںŽ޽ġ潣ΪӦһɱȶ鼱֮´ģ
潣г֮ʽƵ֮ʽʮֱ仯ԶԵʱĸ仯֮󣬱ڻֻͨʣ¹ͼɱɱʽ޹̶ʽӦʤС
һȽɶһнŵյУڶڽűսڱ֣õʦעҶС޳һ֮Ѿܹٹȣÿ켸ûûҹУΪÿһÿһ붼ƻúúõġоʱ䶼潣ż˾ʹ塢
໻ģȻǹ潣ĿٽһУһʽʽʽٵʽʮֱ仯ȫͨڣԵǰһգҶСѹ潣ĹʽѧꡣҺù潣ɻ޸ɣҶСȻôʱھﵽҲǾܵġҪȫʮֱ仯ȫڻֻͨʣʽ߾磬ҪʵսС

ΡΡ϶
һȵٴԼСⲻɵĴ£ڶݵʮУҲǼС飬ŴҲᶼǰĦȶǸڿãҲǸɿġΪһɵĳôڷչľǿЩһǱΣԸÿһʱ䣬ٰʽĻ
ȶδʼǰѾˣŮɷһҪչֵģΪʱ仹磬ʱиʿոյ磬ƮƮһ㣬ò
ʯϵǱ½ƷɽǺһЦ˵ǺǺǣʦСôʦɣҲûһƷɽ𣿡ʯòҲϿ㣬һ˫۾ȻΪ֮ˡһ仰˵㿴óνġʦ塱ϵȻС̸𳤵Ƿǡ
۾գգӦУʦʱǴҲҩأҵҷɽʲôģʱҪ˵߲ʱתͷԶֹšôС绹
һԶûҶСӰֽһЦ˵ˣʦ߶ҪʯʦһŬأ
ǺǣʦҲΪʦúãʯһģЦֹ״˵Ʒ½ȷƷɽʦݣȶ֮Ҿͽϴεõ쾧ʦȥʦúôһʦõķɽ
ʯ̸˰죬Ȼһֱʱش𣬿ĲɵģǲʱԶ˵ϰġʯҲڵһе̳֮ΪѴڣһ߽ʹó뻯ǳҶԨ⣬αȶϣѡ֮һ˲ΪΪ˴ϸǾƣ˵µˮ©ӣ˺ܶ񶼽
һ񣬳ԶĿʯЩҲסˣ֮˵ŮӻǵһΡһ˵ȿȡʦڡ
ʯ컰δ˵꣬ͼ¶ϲɫһЦӳų·ѤõĻ˵ˣһһͷˣ
ʯ˳ȥֻԶԶһݹʱǿʱŤŤĳķֻǾ̫Զࡣʱ֮ģôûãҲҪμԡҺɵ˶ڣȻǶ˶˼ҡ
˺ð죬ҶС̤ڽӽæǱǻֵĺţС磬ҶСܵһʱҲģ
ҶСбǿѰʿʵҲͿ֣ҲӻʾԼˡҶСָջһ£µķɽͲʹʧȥơЩӿе䣬æ˫ֲһæ֮סɽײײĳǰȥ
ΪĺʱǰҲҶС񡣷׷תͷȥȴǡÿЩһĻȺжʱһЦʱв֮ǰҶСŵֵ˷ġϾһײײʿΪжߡûȶ
ҶСԱ׾Ľɽͣǰ¶Цݵûʼɣ
СôѽͻȻ˷ܵѽˣԺǿһ𵽴ˣ
˵꣬˲廰˵ǺǣԭҶСʦܡʦôҲһ¡
Ŷˣλʯʦ֣մǸϻء߻һˣæܵ
ҶСǵһμˣֵԭʯʦ֣ҶСһᣡ
ʯҲһһᣡ˵Ҷʦɹˣǿϲɺءһδŵأû뵽ˡ
ҶСʱ⼸仰Ϥһ㡣ͻȻԶԶʯʦ֣ԭʦء
ѭȥǱˣ֮ǰںɽҶС顣ֻʯǰȫû˰ԵģһűͳĺܱŤʱġ
ȻˣҶСҲʱʱһ㣬С۾ʱɵԲݺݵǲ֪Ҳȥ㣬㵹ˮȵʽͺ㣡
ǺǣҶСһЦ˵д⣬յһ֮Ҳһ㣡
ҶС񲻹ڣѾǰƾһöƷҩ׵ڣټһӸǽƷɽҶС񻹲ͬһôôʱ䣬ϽһҪ֡
ʱԵʯüͷһ壬һ֣ס顣Դ𱸿˵ʦܣҪʲôֶҶС˵ʦãҶʦܣʦٻ¾иˣ鳯ڵȥ
ôôסҲʲôϣô˿ţҲ£ʯߣ˵ȻȻһϳжٳԳǡҪżǩʱ㰲ŵһˡ
߷ߵӦһ漴ֻͷݺݵһҶСԭҶСԼսϷʣû뵽ҶСһڽ֮ǰˮҶСˣĵ׶ʱðɡ
ҶС񿴵ͷȴֻ̣һЦʵ̬ϣھҶСһ̡


ʮ ȶʼ
ûãڵ˱ȶʼʱ䣬ĴҲ֮򿪡ǰҲٻھλ
ֻʱλǬˣʮˣвɵĽǰǰ֮ˡ
μӱȶߴԺɽڵӣˡǲμߣһʯʽȡ֣ȻҩɽΪ
ҶԨʱվǬ󣬼ҶСҲԶԶҡִкҶСʱһվһСϽߴԺԼɽ塣ߴԺнɰϣɽ˶ʮˣҲʮˡҽμӱȶʿʦӣΨҶСʦʦֵܣֻһˡʱȻǻصϪԺӪȥˡ
ȶǰĸַǲ٣ֱǬҲȵЩͷüͷֱȶ֮˲˴αȶǿʼ
˵ǡСȴͬ㳡һ㡣Ϊⳡԣʮ̨ɹͬʱȶȶȡѭķʽ˶սʤ߽̭ķʽÿһϳͶֽԳǩ
ȴ֮˺ҶСֵ֡ҶСϳ̨ûãһĶҲ̨
ֻԷǸʮ߰ӣݺƣһ㹰ֵҶʦǰɣ褣ʦţҳʦܣְɡǺǡ
ҶСҲС֣Ǿʦָˡ
ֺֻһЦ˵ϼҶʦǺǡƺδ죬ҵĽΪ㲻;СʦܿҪСЩˡ
Ǳ˵ܻⷬᱻʾƫƫݺƣ˵ҲԵüΪƺΪֵһ㡣
ҶС˴ЦǺǣлʦʾСԻע⡣ȶУʦĪҪǫãȫ
һ죬ȶʽʼ
ʦܣСˣ䣬ͼɫ⡣ɫˮɫˮԹΪһʼ˵ԼҵĽҶСһЩˡ
ͽ̣
ҶСҲʾ϶ʱɫ⣬ҲΪۣϼһ⽣һ㡣֮⣬һȦȦΧƣʵһ㡣
ҶСԺһ˱ȶ֮ǰʿһǵ⣬һҶԨæչغЧӡʿԼ߹̫࣬һȻӣһȫĻʹ˳
ԹȻ顣һ֣ĹƱͬ籩㲻ϳҶСķӯӯķɽſ񱩵ľ·ҪҶС˺ѡ
ҶС֮ǰȻѹ潣ô죬Ͼ֮ǰǶʵսһ־ͣ͵ЩҺԼΪʵ졣褵ķɽȻ֮ͣȴû̫ǣȻҶСһƻһȱŴҶСĵףⶨǶԷ֡
ʵҶС潣ִ̫٣ֱȶǰղǿô죬һֱûʱϰϲŻŻҲŻǰϲá˵֪ҶС񲻹ǰһղϰ᲻š
ĵҲԽżĽЧǿ籩ꡢκˡϾΪޣ֧ŵĿͷ̫ʱ䡣Ĺ㣬ҶС״̬Լһ֧Ųˡ
ڣԼѾʱɲûб£ҶСƺԽԽӦĴˡĵЩżʱּǿһ֡
ҶСȷѹȵļ಻ԣϾԼǵһ͵Ľܼ褵ķɽƿԼķ¡ǿЩϣҵ˼ιҲû̫ģȫķҲ𽥷ſЩһ״̬ڿʼӦ褵Ĵ򷨣ƽϰĹ潣Ҳһеʹó
͵ĹҶСԾʹõľ潣ʽսԼӦԵҲӴ졣褵Ĺƣٸеѹȣˮһ㡣ܶԷͷͬκˣ֪ˮԵ˵κΣ
ڣ褲ȥһƷɽҶСһ߷ǰҶСǰʱǡɽҲתǰ֣ǡ׽
ҶСҲٻطɽѾܹսʤ֣ϾԷķɽԼĻκΡöĥϽҲļֽŶԷ
ֻ褻˵ҵ͹ҶʦˣʮɹСˣͬʱϵҲɽҲΪ۵տǣɷǺÿ
ҪˡҶСĵ漴Ҳ˼֡ȻִȫһҪһʤ
˫սƽ١̨Ҳܹĸо֮ڲ۴ĴӿзɽΪģʼһ˴һ硣
ҶСֻԷķɽԽ۵Խ࣬ƱعҲ͡ʵҶСֻҪʤĻöԷʱ䲻ԡ콣Ϯ֮ƿһС
ڣһŭ潣ߣΧŽת·˺ĳìֱҶСȥ·û޴ĲΣֱҶСɶȥ
⣡̨²˾˭Ҳû뵽һڼż֮˾ȻѾ˽⡣Ժ󣬲ſԷӽɣĲѾ̨֣ϵĽڸ֣Ҳ׷׶̨עʿУܹĻ治ࡣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죡ֻӰһҶСǰһƺƴֱҶСȥ
䣡䣡䣡
壬ʱŷɫѤĹâҶС˰ΧͬʱҲϴıը֮
һȫ֮ڱסֻ֮һ޴ͷһ㣬ƶһĳƱҪҶСķ߹ƣ
ҶС˹ƣʵֻҪ潣ʽеһ㲻ѻ⡣ֻȴ㣬ͦӲҪϣֻɢҲ۵ȫ۵֮ϡ
֮£ҶСԶû褵ƺƴ󡣵еȴܹĸоõҶС̺жôĴ
ѵӿʼԼϼǿֻǱһסˣ뵽ĵײһ졣ΪֻƾһپϾֻڣôܣȻ֪ҶС̺Ŷ
ԭͲƵҶСʱٽ֣Ѿǿ֮ĩ褶ʱ޷֧š濴ڣʵ۵ѾٿݽߡҶСȴʱͻȻʱ޷ֿ
Ϊ褱ʤ֮ʱһĻˡֻ۵ƶʱɢҶСִͬһ㣬ʱ褵˺һӡ
ֻҶСһƣɫⱩǣֻӦɳȥһɳʮףײ̨֮ϣˤ档
ڵ̨˻δΪǿƵҶСȴ˵ӲӲлʤ
̧ͷҶС񣬼վϢƳƽ֪δþȫ˵ҶʦܹȻز¶Ұˣ̨
ʱвͻȻʲôƵģߵ̨У˵ҶСʤ
˵һȶ˵һⳡҶСԹ潣ĹʽȶʵķԾԼΪҲи׼ȷʶ
һ˲䣬ͻȻΪʲôҶԨΪô죬ǰʵԽеҶԨɱǡǡ


ʮ 
ȶҶСıڱ˿ǿǿһ·ߵģͱȶԷͣģͱȶԷ᣻ٶȼģͻȶԷ죡һȻҶСûԴƻʤ̨ȴóһֱûʹȫҲʼ˲²ҶСΪαȶĺҲ˵
յȶһĥʯһ㣬ҶСδõĥµԽҶС⼸սս˲ԣԼٶȡȵȸʵֱŶԱȡ
ͬʱҶԨȻһ·նܵСȻҲһ·ʤ˹δЩҶСϡ֪ѾͷȻ赽ʦ彣ȻΪȫҲԻ˾֮ˡЩȻܣȴ⣬һƷɽúòʹ졣
ԩ·խգڽʮǿ̨ϣҶСˡ
һһݺݵı飬ټСȴƫƫ˸̡һݺݵıԵóª졣
ҶСڹĻüȻϵĸ㽣ɲ棡˵ţϱ˸ŽűߵӿʯնһֻһʱնһѺۡӿʯǼΪӲһʯϣ˲Żֻ̨ƾɽ緢Ľͽնһѷ죬ⱦƷײ͡ƾһƷɽʤǿУһƷɽʿж
ǰոƳƷϽ׷ɽ㽣Ѫ棡˵㽣·Ÿˣ˵Ǹһ֣㽣Ϳɽ׵Ʒɽڸ㽣£ҲĿˣ
֮ǰ鶼ûʹù㽣ȻΪ˶ԸҶС׼ġ
һֱô˵Իȥôķɽιƨ¡ҶСҲʾ϶ʱӿ¡ٲȻһٺϻֻҪһ죬Ҫɱģ
ֻƺ뵽ʲô˵ȻôţǼӸעˡ
ʲôľҶС˿ģȻͻȻ뵽ʲôһЦҲø㽣ɣ֮ͬ⣬ֻҪڹģԻģ
Ǻǣ֮һҪĸ㽣ˣҪ¸㽣
ʲôģ·˿ҲһƷɽɣһҶСһӵ˵û뵽ҶСҴ㽣⡣ɽԼȻҲƲвǲϣǸʦı궼ͨġ
ңȻȲ㡣Ҹո£ѾڣƷϽ׷ɽ֣Ī㵣İ£
ǺǺǣûжעҲҶģһҶСҪø㽣עȻԸĵҶСҲ̫СΪ伤Լͻϵ
С۾һתͻȻ۾ٺټЦˣϪԺǺߵĺܽôٺٺ١
ҶСüͷһ壬켷֡
ٺ٣ôҿһΣΣЦ˵û뵽һᵽҶСԵ̬֮ǰĺںȻϲҶС̬ȡ
УɷʼˣҶСϻǸ󣬱㿪ʼߴٲп㿪ʼҲۣҶСۡСˣҶС̬ȸϷʺӣڵʵİϡֻڻڴע⣬ԼͲ

죬ȶʼ
һҶСȫ˲ޣ˲˴̨˼һŲֱ֮ȥϵʱҲΪע̫࣬ʹ磬·һⱻҶСһ㣡
֮ǰҶСƺЩˣ⡣ҪڼҶСȴһҶСкһ¾ֱɱ뵽ҶСһʼţҶС񲻹ΪǷɽԼϲֹһΣ˿ҶСһ֣ŵ顣ҶСĶ̫죬æִֻ֮ܲٵֵæ֮䣬ܵȻޡ
ҶСһ֣ɱ֮ԽʽޡԽʽɱҪľǿͺݣıҶСЩɵ⣬͹˲ɵˡڲҪ飬ҪΪԼ˵Ļۡƾ豳ӵںԼӣҶСڻͬʱҪɨأӴԺڶ̧ͷ
ת˲֮䣬ҶСѹǰۿֱŴ鲻룬ٸ齣ֵ齣ȻƷϽ׷ɽæ۳һҲɫ䣬ƺ
䣡
۵࣬㽣ȴǿƷ׸ߡɽһλӦ൱Ե⣬ĵͻϮΣǰҵĸ㽣¡ɾڵһסһ̣ϵٶȱʱâ䣬ҫ۹âϱ˲ѹס˸齣ơҶС˳ƽŸ㽣ɨֱսնȥ
ֻһ̨˲ҡͷ̾ǱϧǸ㽣ϾһƷɽ˹ȥ
û뵽ҶСôѸٵױУδü䣬æʱͻ䣬͵⣬ʱһ֡ո۵Ҳɢȥһ֡
Ҫľһ̣鳷ļ϶ҶСŲͬӰһͻȻٴμ٣ǰ˳Ƹ񿪸㽣־աơ
žһ̨ϴþòɢ
̨¹ڣڹλĽڸּȫĿɿڴΪʷϵıȶУû˻ԴֵġΪҶС־ûʲôɱУǸһض⣡žһߴ͸ƺ˲㴩͸˼˵Ŀвϻ졣Ӧɳȥһײ֮ϣˤڵϣû
ƿһ⽫Ρ̲ɲǣգ֮䣬ѱһڵأʡ¡
̨¹ڲδ壬̨ϵĽڸȴҶСһǲδһģֻƾԼɾǵƾֻһӲΪһڵʿڵأʡ¡
ҶС̧ͷλĳһԹĶԼĽڸֿ֣Уʵʤ˰ɣ
вŸոù࣬һ񣬾ȻѾˡٿͭ࣬ʱ΢΢
ٴο˿飬ȻЩţȴҶСʤ
˲׹ʱһ¡˭Ҳû뵽ڽʮǿıȶлһսǶԶ˵Ī衣ıѵڸҲô
λǸһԹҶСȻĸӥӥһڸ֣ԺߴԺҲʵһĴԺΨ⳾ڵķ⳾ԺʵԿΪıŸ޼ɵ˭뵽ˣܵۡ˭Ҳû뵽ڻ˸˼ҵӡ
ӥϾǽڸ֣ܿɫָѰ·ʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
ҶС̨£̨˶ǶһԶóһͨ·Ǹǻǻ㲻Ҳû˼ô࣬ˣˮڣʲôҲ˵
ȻԺͷ⳾Ժ󣬵Ժȴֲϣ໥ѹ֮ơοǬڣҶСѾǰʮǿֻҪ΢ֳһʵٽ츳ȻͻᱻΪصעԺҪʲôϷҲҪһ¡ҶСҲ⳾ԺʾãȻڻֻΪǸղһֳʵκһԺرעһҶСܹ׽𵤣ѸٳΪһǿ֣


ʮ ˼
λ˽ɵĽڸ֣ҶС˱жֳĿ⣬в˿ʼ˽ǬȻΪ񣬵ʵڽ𵤺꣬ǵԪͷձ㽫ڳĽڸֶֻߴԺԺнΪʮ˷ķֻнΪǬһ˭ֳΪδǰǬ˽ҶԨ£ȫֽ࣬͸ҶԨҪΪһ࣬Ȼ̶ѾڣΪ𵤸˵̫˵㡣ɱȻƽ˾ʵ򰵳ӿ˼
ֻǬλõĹλһһŮ̸šλ֪ڵλ֮ߡеΪ⳾Ƿ⳾ԺԺҲʯʦŮΪʦϪԺԺ˽ǽڸ֣Ժϵѣ֮ơ
Ϊھʹڵ飬ҶСѾָˡֻԴ΢Ц˵
Ȼ񣬵дؾһʵΪֹʹõĽҲǺѰһȻЩ⳾ҶСҲмͬʱ˵ֻΪδ޸ĵĹ潣ĸ֮һ˫۷·ҪҶС͸һ㣬һ٣ֽ˵Ǵ鷢ӳ㽣ʤҲס黹δ׼ʱͳ䲻Կ졢ݽܡӲʵӦ䵹ҲѰǿźӣǺú࣬²ձɳҶԨ
⳾ҶСϸԳһϲɫһЦ˵Ǻǣʦ˵ǡδٶ˵ϵ˸̨ҶСǰ˵Ż
Ǻǣԭʦ׼ԭһ£ӣڵǲˡԶҶСģ˶ó˹ϵͬѰ⳾̧ͷɫӥͬһ˿䡣
ʦִԲӣ⵹֮¡ǺҶСһͬɽͬáȻҶСʱΪͣͲǰȴһնҵҲסġû뵽ҶСҲ֪ʲôдЧھдǵ˽ڣ¶Ƕв˵۾һ˿
в⳾֣һ˼ٿԶҶС񣬴żζ˵Ƿв¾ҪʦõͽˡҪд˵ĵģҲԺǣ
˵⵹ҲǣǺǡڱȶʱһڵصû˵ӥҪըˡҶСҲǵ󣬲Ժ鷳
д˵Ϊç򣬱Ǵǣ˵ĵ˱ѣټϵͲµֳʵǶԺ׶ġ԰գ⳾ʶ̸ܽ˵Щʲô֪ˡ⳾ԺǵĹϵΪУ˽ЩʲôףĿǰľжǲԶġʯոմǹ̸Ҳйء
λϵڽ𵤸־ԱҶСıΪȻ벻ǵۣҶСǱȴǲòصġ

ҹԺڡ
һԺӴҴææĳڣλӥ˵ʦ𣡻ɣѾķԸʦܷ˻굤ǳٳٲѡ
ֻʱˣӥüЩƣǺϳϵˡӥĶܡܣΪףǽ𵤳ʿдƣΪһ֮ھʿ
ôܣʿһһö굤޷ѡŰӣֺУ˼ȡд³Ϸӣӥ԰һѽв豭촷ۣü΢壬Դ˵׶Ҳһȥɡ֮ǰ̽鲢δˣֻĪԡڻ굤Ч޷ŰӻѣЩ֣
˳ǣһӥ˳ȥ
һѰϣţ·ֻ˯һ㡣֮ǰȴһͷĪչ
磬ҿСֶϢƽ˳δκԲתѵġοһö굤֣üͷ˵
׶ŰӣǺáӥӣȻһֱŰӣʵĵȴӡȻ츳ƽƽȴҲ鵤ע֮ӲʮڽΪڣǰͻƵļ
Ȼܶԭ򣬲ɴҶСʹʲôַԵģĸߴ˵
ӥһ񶨵ôУһʿһԺ޲ߣǴȥԺδ棡
ǹ£һĴȣ˵Ҳ̫żˣȻ˵ûɶ£Ҳ˵׼ǸҶС񵹵ɺޣ˻ᶨҪ׽Ϊ
ҲͬǣҲ̫ˣȻûӦٹӦþͻתѵġҶСձֳʵǱӦҲ类˹ע˲ǡҿϪԺСѾͷϵܣպµǵвϪԺͷ⳾Ժں棬ؾ붯Ҳôˡ
ܲصģ˸ҲʮǿģЩֽţһͰսҶСԸڵΪһȥٴ͸Щն׷ؽ˵ӡο̨֮ʧ˶Ҳû취飬̨ϷǸСӣֻݺݵ˵
֮ӣȻҲټ̳ΪԴֱĸԣ츳ȴ˿鲻֪ǿ˶١Ժһе̳ѾڣҶԨʯһǴ˴αȶڵš
ӥüͷ΢չһЩ˵ҲֻܵȴٿܷˡǶҪѸղУտҶСǲδþȫһ㣬Ϊھͽܣжв֮ӱ츳ʲôǻʬʦ˸ʲô񱹦дЧ
˵ˣǲ֪ӺδҶС̥˵͹죬ǰͻȻһͬɣȻһɽ壬ȴڣһȥ꣬ձٴȥȻѾ꣬ȴһֱ֪ǺҪԴΪȻ޷͸ʲôΪ˵ҶСĹ죬ײѾ겻ֵ˺ͬ죬ֻΪ¶棬ִӲ֮£ԴҶȻȻʶѾӡû뵽ȥ᰷һС޾ȻҲԺһв


ڶʮ 
ҹ᰷ϣһ侲֮ڡ
ҶСϸǰһԽɫȾϿ̻ŹַϽɫ
ҲʿõһƷֻΪڶݵʮвûһר޴˵ֻһЩСɲŻ޴˵ڶݼټʹ÷ʹҲһЩСƵĵͽ׷ʿ˵ô
ҶСеֻҪԽʶ̽룬ɷƴ󡣶ڵĹַתء
ӦҲϤɡ㿴Σ
òϵϼѣֻǷмϸСԲŲһŵͽ״ͷѡֻɵʵķҲǲסȻԷ֪֮֮Щ˵̫ͽ
ûùҲ٣ϽɫķûԷ֪֮֮꣬ô֮ǰû˵ҶСȻ۸ֵЩӣ˵ʦ˵ŴͷֻҪ˲佫˴͵֮⡣Σ֮ʱ˵׼ɾġ
ҶСջص᰷岻ãͼոշ᰷ֱ壬˵ʦϪԺԺټҶСȻ֮ǰµ˺ԺԼǰӣǻôټЩҶСϡ
ǳҲδ˵ֻ̫࣬˵ҶСյԺ꣬͸һŴͷȻ˷ڶսʱûʲôЧȴսΣ֮ʱűЧȻδ˵ȴѾҶСֻҪϽܣԺϪԺһˣһҲ͸ϪԺĬҶСĽ
̰ãѰ˶ֻϰһ޽Ѿ֮ȥϰǷ֮ԪҲ޷ͻƽˣ֮ڵѧҵҲɽ㡣
Ҳһ˵ѡȻˣϰ֮һձǡҶСڨڨһЦ˵û뵽һֻ΢ںʶ潫ιȥ
˵ֻʶ֮˲д˹ЧģԷʶǿ㣬һöԷһ㱶ѡڻҪֱӻжԷдЧʵʶսʵûõģֱһնȥ
ô˵ʶûʲôˣҶСһĻͬõˮһ㣬̲סʵ
ҶСĶ̼Դм˵ʶЧֹˣΪ̫ͲŻ˵ġںֻҪһͷʶֱԷֻһ㱣ڶսҲѾơ仹ǳ䲻⡣
ԭһֱԣҶСʶҵҶСʶֻǳŶѣʵֻҪʮ±û£ѹ
֮ҶССͷ㲻̸֮Ϊʳﵽٹ֮ѾƷһҪ˯Է
һҹ峿ۣҶСپԼˬʿʿĹȻ֮ƣ룬ʿ㼶󣬷ԽԽˬƣ

ҶСɲ죬ԶԶȥɿԴɬϵȴѾõڿĽ֮ʱɲӡ
ܹȶʮǿģѰг˼֮һŷɽƷ֮⣬˶ǸԺɽϯӡҶСһܹƾʵΪߵĻֻһǰһջƾоͻ飬ȻֻΪȴûٸӡ
ҶСãʹ˴ţ㿪ʼǩ콫ֻȶһΪװǿıȶǿıȶǿ󣬾ͻỻһֹȶҪֱһǰȶʸڲ߰䷢һȵȶˡڱȶ󣬻ɣѡοǰĵӲμȶʱڵĽʮϵǸɼʵԿˡϣʵǰʵƴġ
Ժİʾ£ҶС񲻳ˡĶ϶ڵšʯ졣ҶԨҲһƷɽⴳʮǿʿ
ʮǿнеʿֱʮǿʵǿˡĳǩ˲²ǿĽ𣬾ȶеĻˮ֮
ˮߣܹʮǿҶС⣬ܶളһһʹֹҲźǵǩϵ󣬾֪ԼļˡһˣԼȻ˲ᡣ
̨ϣһȵվ̨һߡ׶࣬һͬһ㣬Ϲһɽϻһ޴ϻΪЩֱӲǰĴҡʱ䶼Ȼʵȴ˼֡һıȶȡǰĳɼϴαȶڵʵΪ񣬶ϵǸ޴ϻҲһûеġʲôͺ˵ˡ
ҶСһ̨͸ܵԷľ޴ѹҶԨϸܵѹѹԼΪҲŲս֮֮ЧͬΪˣһѹһûĻôѹ֮ڱȶеͷͿǿԷһʤȯҲ͸
ϵģһȶлýƷϽ׷ɽƽľ޴ϻȻҲװŷɽģʲôɽ˵ˡ޽ԹƽҲӲӣ·𴿽һ㡣޴أδһ㡣һɽڲϹأԽϸؿķɽټ޴ķɽһģΪרŴһ㣡
λϵԼ̨ϵ˾żֵɫ·Ѿ϶ҶСʧܣһʤȯ͵ſҶСαڵصģȻΪ˲ȴ츳ϺĥϣѰǶƽʹô졣ɽƷͻԼԣûеڶѼԦƷϽ׷ɽʿѵķɽʹô죬ԶҶԨھͿʹƷɽҪǿ󡣵Ȼ½⣬ҶԨܰѳԦʲô̶ȣҲⳡȶעһ㣡
̨µ˿ҶСĿ̺Ÿֲͬ뷨еֻ͵ſҶСģеϧΪսҶСøڿսһ䣬ˡϾһսȻֳ׵ʵ˵ֻǸֽϻѣ״ĵҩӲʵȴȫͬƾʵеĽʵ
ڹλϵƺѲµһ㣬˱ſϷ̬ȣһ˿ΡʵλϵҲǷɣһƫ⳾ԺһϪԺһ⳾ԺŰ˵˼һƫԺġҶС飬Ժһ£ټϺҶСϪԺټ֪ҶСͶ˷⳾Ժһ档һȻһȶѣȴ͸̨֮˵ĿҲͲٵ
̨֮ϵˣƫһҶСǴģȴĬͬһ뷨ǾǡսҶСذܡͬģֻǻܵʲô̶ȶѡ


ڶʮһ 
鲻ƽʣҶС̨ͬûһ㣬ޱվһԲҶСҲôֻűȶʼ
𣬱ȶʽʼ
䣡ҶСϵ˲£һһֱһߵҲ˲佫ѹȫţʱ̨Ͻĵط̨ܸܵϵӴѹ
ΪԷ񣬷ɽҲ˼ҵȥҶС嶼ҪԷһҶСȡǰһͬսȶһʼȫҪڶʱڽԷԶԷʵ潫ƽӳԼԽԽơ
вﲻ֮ˣһҶС磬׷ײԾ̾
磡ȻӴ󣿣ֻΪڴﵽһ㼶ͻƲŻеôֱڵ׻ʲô̶ȣոض
̨θ̾ͬʱҶСѾһһͻǰ齣նƷϽ׵·Ҳܵ˶ԷĶƽľ޴ѹ֮һκֱ顣
ʱҶСٶԼЯǰһջǿࡣֻǽʵҲǰһյ鲻֪ǿ϶١콣һնҶСͼǰһƽѾһ⣬ǡǡ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ײȻ˲ҶСѾնΣɫɫɫײҶС֮䲻ϱɫĽ⡣̨ΪԲ֮γֻ֣ܼʱɫ⡣ҲԽʵ⽫˰У
ʱһһţϵģҶСȻδܣǰѹ潣ƽʽ⽣ʽԽʽõûˮһһСЩУĿҶСɱŽ̬ϳ鷢ǿҹƺλӻҲһ㣬ÿһЯǰδеӴն顣ڵ콣Ʒɽ֮ϾҲѴƷϽ׵Ķƽ
̨ϵʿֻҶСܼôãһ΢Ϸһ㡣ڹλϵڽڸȴ˱ȶһ˿֮ǾÿÿҶСķɽ֮鶼к̵ܶһɲʱͣ١ҶСһֱϷ磬ƾ̶̵һɲǼԭ˲ö֪ضҶСĹ֮ҶСĽ򵥡ֱӣȻ˼δ֡򵥡ĽеȴóɵӰڡδȴȷӦɵĽ
սеҶСʱȻϷ磬ȴ˿ܡջЧǰһյսʵҲ̵ģеʶȵĹƣԼȻΪɽԲԷƾʶӦûʤġǵһ϶Էŷ֣ԼʶЧԶûԼǿֱӻ壬ƾʶͽΡڷɽںʶûֱʩչǿ󣬶õĻǶԷɽֱһ㡣ƾЧʶ˵ڽǰڵʿöӦڴβŶԵġÿһιֻж̶̼ɲһɲǾ㱣ԶҶСʤֻܽڴˡҶСÿһʶԼľ񶼺ķѾ޴󣬵ֶܼԼҲûȶԷԼܣԼҪʶιȥ
ҶС񲻺ܣȴļΪ˺ֱȴ̫ʵϷ츳ҶСÿһȫϧĴûյǶԷÿһƺֱӺԼľ֮ϡÿһ¶Լһ£̶̵һ»㱾Ľ޷Բ󣬳ڶ覴áһֱ·硣ȶˣһֱһɱž޷ʹĸоԽԷĹƺԽңԼҲòأԼپ㱵ʱ䡣
ʵսǰҶСʶδдֻǶԾʿġǸΪ˺ֱƽֻС˼άȻԵʶҲԶҪʵǿ˾Ϊ߹飬ҶСʶӰҲһ顣
ԽԽą̃ϵս׷׶ѾԽԽĹڱҶСսʱҶԨҲս̨¡ҶԨֱ̨ӿЦһ£רĿҶСıȶЦȻΪʯĽܣҶԨҲµʤܣֻܶԿЦ̨ս˽ţҶԨҲԽսϵԽãʵռŵһԽƣȥҶСҪˡ
˶ȫڼҵıȶʱӹλͻȻصĴһʶֱ顣ųʶеҲĸסʶͬʱλ϶ʱ˶תͷȥȻĿŵΪѾڸűȶĹƽˡʱʹýʿϰʶֻĻմȥһ룬ͷ̨һĤУԼմһʶҲĤϡһ̧ͷſλϵԼλϵѾ΢ŭȻһʶĤʶˡ
һ΢Сϸڣʿ޷̽鵽ģ˶ȫעȶȻҲ޷ֹλϵֻһʶ̨֮ϵȻһӴ·һըڱϵ˲Ȼ佫һֱ𹥻ҶСˣԼҲһ֮˲ƶ̨һ֮С
ʶʵʲôӰ죬ıȻ֮ǰıȶжǸոʶǸʲô⣬ŻͻȻƵġ
ҶС֮һҲԶ̨һǣؿڴϢţָһֱķѵȻͬѰڵΪȻֿܹ֮ãһǴϷ硣ֻǼڵı֣ȻҪһľսˡ
ʵ鲻ҶСҲֲ˶ˡʱľѾʼЩٶֻۣƾһģȫעڱȶСݵ϶УҶСĴָšʱԼϸ֮ҲڴһɹԼ˴󲿷ֵͬʱҲʼٴ
ʱ˶ҶСֿһǾ̨ΧȫҶСӿȥ·һ㣬ϱҶСյ˺Щ·Ѿʵһ㣬󾢷磡ΪȶѾЩ̨ɳʯ
ҶСһ߷ֲȱһתΧһȦʵʵܡҶСһҲͬһȦʵһ㡣ԶԶȥɿҶС񱻰ΧһɫĻֵУ״ܲʱ£еղҶСһֱڹƣδ̫ȥأȻҲܣԴʱΣԷҪԼǿһˣҶСҲòȫ÷ء潣Ҳʼƽʽ⽣ʽԽʽתΪ֮潣ʽ
ʤ¾ڴһҶСתͬʱʶҲڿٵĻָţͷ֮ҶСһֱǿν֣߷֡˵ʱ˵˼άһЩҲǼ£ͲԹˣ׼һ·һֱȥЩ΢޶ۣȴҲʶͣȻҶСҲ˳˾ء֮ǰҶСνȫԼʶǿ󣬾ԷҲʤԷϰֻƬϢʶѻָ󲿷֡
ҶСһԽ¡𣬵Ҳδŵ¡һСһһֽһһ㣬˱޵ԡѰ˶ⳣֳ׶Σһ׶Ǽոγɣÿһ鶼¡ĸ߸ߣһ鼡Сȭͷһ㣬ǿˣԺͱ֮½һҶС㣬⾭ûһ˿֮ÿһ˿·𾭹ǧʮ㣬һ˿˿ƽһкԿ֪


ڶʮ  
ֻ˫۴󿪣һѹһ̿ļ̨ܵӰ졣̨µĹΪĶʱ޷ֱӲѹùȥ
ѹֻ֮һŽɫı俪ٿЩɫŵľ޴ϻЩֻǴӽϻ϶ĶѡŽϻĲϴ򿪣⻹ڳǿֱϿխεĽϻһľ壬˵һ֮ɢȥ
һҫ֮󣬱㿴˸ոշķɽ˶ڽϻ֮еķɽһô߽׵ķɽȻϵĶƽһ޶ĽɫɽֻǷɽֻһǹԭеһʱ߱ɽ
ʱ߱ɽͬӵһ㣬Ư鱳󡣽⾡ԻĳŶҶС
Σ̨ϵĹڣǹλϵĽڸֶˡʿܰһɽ㲻⽣ѰʿҲѲٿصġһǣ߱ɽȫͬһ㣬ƽͽ޴һͲ֪ҪķѶϣ֮߱࣬ǻʯͲ֪жʯο߱һ׵ģͬһʦƣ͸ѵˡԶ˵ԭϵһƽһȶõĽֶͬķɽǷڱȶǰԺ׼ȡΡ
̨ϵҶСʱȻ޴֪ôɽĹ£֪Ҳ˼ȥ롣ʿʹý󱾾Ǻ֮£ҶСҲǵһμ֮ǰϰ潣ʱҲδǹϽҪӦԡϵķɽɣǿ󲢷ǵڷɽǿɽһףͬһ˲ٿأɽ˿޼䣬Բһǰ߱ɽ˵ǹɵĽԶ߸˸һͬʱҪǿ
Ƕƣǵһʾˣû뵽һʿͿ԰ұƵزھҲĿˣֻһԵϣͬһ˵
ҶСȴֻȫָͬʱǿܣͬʱٶޡ
ʶţһֱ쵽Ҳڣʶ̽Ϊ֮ȻܹܣܹΣ֮ǰսҶСѾȷ黹ٿʶԼڣҲᱻĺôǶԷκ΢ԼͬʱϾٴУ֮жѾ˺ܶӳ١
ҶС֮ҲתתԽԽ죬ֻ˿˿顣ȻУȴܹܵԼĸоøСԽʼ¡һ鼡˿ԸԲͬĹ໥֯һ𻯳ɡüӲԣȽʯӲˮԣҳ˱ֻϵı仯֮£˲޷̽õ
жܵҶСڵ̨ƵıȶвûгֹֻľսУٻڰǿıȶоͳ֡ʵĶҪÿÿĳǩʵɸ߲ʶڣὫʵǿĸŵľжսҲҪǿıȶǡ
ֻ˶ûע⵽ҶСƥһǰֻǸʿδһҡһ䣬ѾҫʱڣΪԺϯӵ鶷˸滢൱ԷƵòòʹСĽӦñǴ㵽˾вʹġ
ҶСʱȫעڶԷ߱ɽͨʶ̽ŶԷһһɢκһ˿Ǵʱ뵽ϸеĻͻᷢ¶һɫ
ע֮񱾾λһ塣ȻܽȻںϣʹڻͨ㿪ʼսͬʱʹߣҲһܺõĿˡ˵
ڣ߱ƽʼתһɫƥ߱ɽλɫƥһ𡣷ɽҫ⣬ͬҫɽ仹нɫ۲ɢɵͬʱƺҲâ⽣Ӷȥ
̨ϳ˼ˣɽȡ֮׼ǧ֮⣬ɽӭȻ֮ɵĽȴָ֡
ҶСдʱѾû̫ʤ֮ֻһͷǾǡҪ¶ԷһƵ󣡲˼ʤֻ¸γУ
ⱩǣҶС֮ͬһֱ鱬ȥͬʱڵķɽһƥ˱֣ᷢҶСķɽⳡȶʼն뿪˫֣ɽ֮ԳΪɽΪɱˣҶСķɽȴһֱ˫֮СҶСڴ˾ֱȶвҪƾǿɽвܷӳҲǰ볡ѹơǽɽûغϱܡ
֮潣ƣȻΪ潣˵澳γǵķ֮߱ɽѾҶСΧסȴڲϳǰ񱼣ֱȫٿؽ顣
̨˵󲻴˵ССҶСľ뱾һʱɿԽ̶̵ľҶС˵ȴ쳣ңԶ
Ƕе߱ɽԸֲͬǶȲϹҶСһЮӴѵնҶС񡣶Щȴ赲ҶСǰϮΪЩɽȫҶС赲⡣һתۣҶСѾ赲ٻ
ڣһɽƹۿҪҶСһҶСһС©ɽ˶ΪҶСҪ֮ʱƽȫ赲⡣ƽһײֳܱһɫ⣬赲Ŷƽǰֺ
ʲôܣôǿ󣿡̨ϵ˶̾ʡƾһܣȻɽĹδѡ
ҶСԽԽẓ̌©µĶƽԽԽ࣬ҶСܿʼѵļ
Ҳʹý㷢Լ֮ǰܵʶĹС˺ܶ࣬Ѿ΢Сļɲ졣˱ᶨҪ⽣ҶСܵľġû뵽ҶСȻڽ¼ôãڲǰСչʾĽ򵥶ֱӣԼĽȴϵЧԼ£ʼͻҶСܵķڶƽܵһ̣һγϡΪûһʿĻǿˣȻһ赲ιҺļ󡣵ˣҲ㹻ˡϾֻһʿĻܣܵסʿµĶι


ڶʮ 
ۿҪǰֻҪѡʱ̣ɽͬʱ³ѣһŲ
ȫٿؽΪҪͬʱٿ߱ɽҪɽ󣬶Ȼ޷ƶͬʱķѴʶҶС˲һвǰϮҪԽսԼеʶܡ
潣Ʒӵ壬һƥһµƽҶСͬʱһƽƵҶС󣬴һʵ⣬ǡǡֵסƽĹͬʱҶСܹ黹һ룬ֻҪٿһҶСԼеʶֱӻʶľ޴顣
ҶСһܣٴλصУ֮ǰĶƷɽҲٶȷɻءû֮ҶСڷʱҲĹ˼ɣϾһ©ķɽֱֱԼ
Ѿ㹻ˣǡһ˲ҶС̧ۣһŵԼĿУֻ˼мɽЮſ񱩵һ⻮
ҶСڷ󲿷ֵķأȫ۵ϣ˫սʱٶȱƣ⻯һʵٽɨһסı赲ķƽֱĲնȥһıƽҲֻĽ¼ֶѣû̫ҶСĹơ
ɽʱӱҶС񣬾ҶС񼴽նͬʱۿҲҪҶСĺ󱳡
λϵ˷׷ײԽվʱ׼ҶСڵĹλãһУͻҪһķ⳾ԺϪԺһĽ𵤸ҲʱҶС
һ˲鲻Խ̧ԭ֣ʶҶС콣Ѫӿһִֻзɳͬʱ˲Ѫɶߣ̨ϵ϶ʱͬһ̨֮ϣ׽黤󣬶ҶС࣬ۿҪ齣նȥ
ڴʱڶ𵤸ͬһ̨֮ϡҶС࣬һòʮĸҲ󣬳ŭĿӡҶС̧ͷȥʦ
ʿ㲻״̨գۼ𵤸֣ۿҪսͬʱֻһ̺ϱʶѹӭͷѹ¡̨ϵ˶ʱȫһ飬ڻڡѹͷš
ʵո˶ֱֻն϶޺Ѫ⣬˴ҶС󱳵ɽ˹עˣΪȡΪɽȻҶС񣬵ҶСȴƺ˿ˡ
Ȼһʱȴڴʱֳʲôӡܿ죬ԻصλãҲȥҽΣҵʵʵֻҪʱϱؽӲʲô¡
ݵĻ֮󣬲ֵ˿յ̨֣սҶСʤ
ʵĽԤϵϾһ˿£һȴնֱ֮ۡҶСлæֵ֮󣬼̺ҶԨ𣬱̤ȥԭ绹ǿıȶҴ뿪²⡣ֱȥ󣬲ܿɽ

ջص᰷壬ҶС뾲֮У£̽ϵʵҲھԼȻĹȻ˿ˡǵ˺ŷ֣ԼƽеĲλʧȥ֪ŻôŻ鿴ھԼ˿ûиоԼǶһְһ㡣ΧǺúõģֻһûκθо
ô£ΪҵıδˣȴͻȻҶСæʵ
㰴ĹתԾͿԻˣõġ
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⵽ô£ôѵ⣿
ײڶˡڶҪϻ򼡷Դǿ壬ǿԶʯƤĤ˵
ѵԺҪ÷ɽԼɣҶСʵԺҪ÷ɽԼԼӣһɾͻҪġ
ǺǣȻҲûھͿͿֵɽĵزղɽԵΪ鼱֮Ѿջ˷ɽϵʶЩɽֻΪԻǷɽǡ÷ڶĳ̶Ȱˣٷ˼ʯ㲻ʱʯʱ嵹Ļһʯͷġ
ԭҵҲѵ죬ھҵɽˡϵӲ⿪ҶСû˹ǣһЦ˵˵꣬ҶСͺͻȻʲôʵˣΪЩҵ˰죬صظϻ᰷塣
ʵҵһνں󣬾ͷһֹĸоƺĺвʲôһ㣬ǹѾǿܹܵҵĴڣǱҪû㣬ҲҪ˵͵ֻżֹ˼ɡ
˵ҶСҲ˳˼СѵɻʲôﲻɣҪ֪ǵǬԽ𵤺ڵΪҲǲܷڵġ
Ȼû˹ǣҶСҲ뿪ңϻϾ绹ǿıȶ
ųʱǡɼվ⣬һ͹еҶСǷڱȶʲôˣȻΪμҴҸ˻
ҶСڽһԼûκ󣬱ȴͻȻ˵ԭҶСĶΪıȶˣѾȨˣҶСǿҲͲսʤˡ
С磬ʦҸĵҩ˵Ĳ٣᰷ˣıȶɸءֻóһöƿ˵
ҶСֳһʵǳı仯δЩҶСЩӦˡֻڵǰҲ˵ֻ̫࣬ЦЦ˵ҩ
ߺҶСеĵҩпǽȡԼΪһöƷҩƴȴ

Ժһ֮ڣϴʱ̸ʲôʱһŭ
磬㲻˵͸˸ôղõģֻ˵
չ̫ܽ٣ӣȻ˵ԱȶʤҲʣһȴɲֻ߷ߵ˵
ȻҲû̳еһ黫ǸӲ
ˣܣոҲܣҶǱͬһˣ˽ȶҿν棡պǶһأֻǽȴΪ˴¡ֻӥȭ˹Ŷһ˵ҲܵǬѾƿ;ˣǡýշɣǱѾµϢ


ڶʮ ƾ
֪ʲôԭȶκһ춼ҪңǰһյıȶΪ˶ֿգֱӽ׵ǿɽյһûã͵֪ǿһǰһյıȶ˶޷ս
ԽյǿоֻˣֱҶԨʯ졢ҶС
Цһ¡ҶԨʯ컹ãҶСԼ֮ǰȴʵû뵽ԼܹȡõǿɼϾĿֻҪμԣڱȶл顣ΣȶĽ֮һֻûпǹġ˴αȶĽЩҲûעЩʲôҲ֪ȥģֻһƴңƺѾϲֱȶսȫעһУȫͶĸܵġǿĶ֣ǰһݽŶôá
ֻһ޴̨߳Ǹλ֮ԸԺɽĽڸǡڹλ֮£ѰʿĿ̨ˡ
ȶδʼͼһշɶɣ֮󻺻䵽̨֮ϣֻòãòʣһ£ֹ˿û˼̻ζһȣ㿪˵˴αȶѾʵĽ׶ΣҶԨʯ졢ҶС˴ԵǰסΪ˸չʾɵܣıȶȡѭƣ˼佫йıȶʤܴǩ˳򣡡
Ľ׶ΣҲȶʵĽ׶ΣһҲ㲻ס˵ü򵥣ʵҲֹ˹ȶÿ˱ȶԸԵʤбΡ
ܿ죬˾˵ڴ˱ȶ˳򣺵һҶԨʯ죬ڶʯҶС񣬵ҶСҶԨ
ҶԨʯŵѡ֣˼һ·˳˳ˮͽսġκ˵ĸҶСȻҲ˲׵ʵ˻ǲһصģľսҪҶԨʯһġҶСμӵû̫ڴ

̨ҶԨʯҲϻһϳͷųѹ׷׼ɽݺᡣҶԨ޻ϵϲʱһȦȦĻ¼Ż֮ơʯȴϵ˵ˮϵһտɽͬˮ죬ʱһɫƥ
̨ϵıȶҶСЩԲλࡣһһʽĳһǼˮĻǶԼĹ潣δЩ̫ªˡ뵽ҶСﲻ룬ʱǲ˵Ȼһ˵ЧĲõģɱ˵ģֲϷġ
⼸ҶСԼϳٹע˵ıȶıȶҲûһڻЩΣÿÿһпоԼıȶ
̨ϱȶĳҶСҲ˺˼룬ǫ̈̄ϵıȶСҶСһֱս鶼٣еһЩҲļȶϻġǼʤͻᾡսԾĥԼĽԵģҶԨʯ춼սҶԨʵƴĥġ˾ǰЩԼĻۣٿ̨ϵıȶҶСپéٿڹ潣ֻܵжδʽҲڻͨģ·ʲôͷг֣ȴƫƫƸһ㱡ĤǸͷǰԼ޷塢ץס
ڣûκ˹ע£ҶСģʶ֮ڣһҶСһģһˡֳֳ趯潣ʮʽвһһʽЩʽģڵ˿ǹԽԽ֮Щʽʼ໥ںϱΣʽϵںϳһУܿʮʽֻʣ°ʽǹ˵ĽԽˣʣµİʽٴںϣһһʽֻǶѣδںκҶСȴЩʽ໥ںϺ׻˵һ򷨣ʽԼʩչǧǹеĹ潣һδεںϣ·ֻһгһȻȻҶСУǸиɻڣ潣ʮʽںϳһʽ
ҶСз·һξʱĸܡ·һµ磡ԭԼĹ潣֮ǰԼǰԡ豹棬ν棬ֱӣֱȡҪЧĻɱԷǽ棡ҶС֪˹潣УԽʶҲһ㣡ǿƼ򵥵Ĺ潣Ҳڴɣ
ǿʵõķδضǷġ
̨ϻڽмҵս˵Ŀⶼ̨ϹԼ춯صĶƴڣڹϯλϵǬ˷ҶС״λϵĽڸҲתͷҶСţھҶСʿҲҶС״׷ײԾĳȥ뿪ҶС
ԭҶС潣֮һסʿԶΪҪӰ죬˻ڸ㼶ƿΪδܴﵽ׵Ҫ󣬱޷ﵽʵĸı䡣ҶСΪδȻͻƣܼĴٴݡ˾Ǹڶһ㣬ܵ
Ϊ̫ǿʹΧգԵڸܵҲ׷׶㿪ΪǼԸܵƺԼϵڱҶСȡӲǿǵȡ
ʿе棬ǹλϵĽʿҲе졣Ǵû˿пǿˡʵ̫֣鲻ԽվҺûǬ˲ųһʶ˲ôҶС
Ȼڿ˱ȶʱǿƾ治֪ںδ̥˳ɲ֪ǸǻǬĬĬ߶ͬʱüһ˿ǳᰵ˵ֻҪҶСһƽӼɣܷȹΣͿӣ֪ܷȵһˡ
ƾָΪԸ߹Ϊ̫࣬δʱǿĿΪʿ伫ٳ֣Ҳйڴ˵УһΪ֮ʿƾеġǰʮ֮ʿԣ˿ΪֱһͻȻ򣬱˲ӵ֮ͨܡ
ҶСڲͬʱ̨ϵҲŵʱ̡
ҶԨĳڿնųţıֱ֮ʯȥ
ʯеķɽһ֮ڽзɳɫ⣬ɫײһͬʱʯзɽһһ޴ĵɫһƥһֱҶԨնȥ
ҶԨſ˫Ծ˲ȫӿ棬ȼգһֻ޴񣬳ɻأҶԨСеĳ·ȥɫĽҶԨϣ˲ҶԨȫһС


ڶʮ ⳾
ʱҶСҲѹŷԼΧʮѾһˣǹλϵĽ𵤸ֶһԼʵҲԼոô£뿪Ƭ̶ѣģ́ۿ̨ʱŷָոջǺúǫ̃Ѿòͬĩսһ㣬̨еһͬһ룬һȻնڵľʯðݵҽӣһͬ򣬵Ǳ˪ûнҪǵս𻵡
ҶԨʯҲԱ˪Ưڰգһ˲ڿ۳ʽ죬Ѿ߱Ľ״²°ٱда״ϸһľСһöһ㣬Ƕиͬ㣬Ǹ̺Ŵͷųĵɫ⡣ĳ̾ΪֹЩҶԨħһĻ棬˿ܾš
ֻҶԨĳٶնѵĻ滯һֻˣһųҵĻЮŹŨֱʯȥ⣬еȫһŻһ˶ʱػѣʱϵĻһѿƿ龰ʯȴֹۣΪд˷Ӧǡ֤ҶԨ֮Ѿ˳ԣѾǴﵽڵĶ壬˵һֻѾ˽𵤾硣ȻǰٱɽȴһʶȻЩٶߡ޴Ҳǰ޴СҲСͬ廨һˡ
˵ڱĲϹڱ˰ھʯ켸ʮ׵ĵطһ֮󱻳׻һŻŻ˵ɢĹŨҲ֮ɢȥ
Ũɢȥһ˲ʯŷԭԼ·˪ѾȫӰһƬҵĻ𺣡ޱϵĻϲģ෴ҲҶԨóġ
ֻҶԨƯڰգһŭϵĻٶȷһѣ˶·һԵսһ㡣Ⱪ䣬ֱ֣࣡һһƥ㳯ʯնȥ
ʯҲʾеտɽһ֮£ڽԭֻߵķɽʱľ޽޽ӨӨɫ⣬¼˿ڳֻʯȴֳַɽδѧҶԨһն˿ʯʵѾҶԨһɡ
Ȼڿ˵ķɽ滢൱ܿ˱㱻ҶԨֶ𾪡Ҳ֪ҶԨǴѧǽʿҲδֻڷеĹУڲΧĿռеϵĻ档֮ǰµĴȫٶգ׳Լԭ֮ǰĻɢδţֻɢΧĿռ䵱Уȼŵĵ£Ǵ˴󲿷ֵʱٶȱۣʱ˴룬ȸǹʯı˪޽
䣡
һҫ۵֮󣬱еţһӰҲӿ׹ֱ׹ʱűһտɽס
ҶԨҲ£ٻسսϲĴɲǼɢȥһŻ𻨣žֱ죬֮Ž
ʤѱ磬ҲӦʱĳҶԨʤ
һ֮ҶԨɷɣ̸һֱ̨ҶС˵ղ̨ϾͿСƺн
ǵģҲ̫ʵֻǿıȶЩѡҶСʵ˵ڸղŷʲôʵǺ֪ģǷġʱڵƺı֮ǰǿ˲١Ҳֽһ㣬Ӧýӽǿˡղյ治٣ҲѹΧ˻ֲ쵽żֿ־Լˡ
׶εıȶĵһʱָܹģľսÿֻܽһġս˱ɢȥ
ҶԨһǡǡãոʹʯ޷ֲֵ˶ˡŻһʱӿ׹ڶݵĿյͻָЩٻ˷ɽֱˤ档
⳾Ժڣʯһϥɽ˫ϥ֮ϣ˫üϲʱɫս֮ȻǰԾҲ̸Цƺʤ˿δϣʵȴѼ޵ú޲ýѹԼҶԨƤǣӦǾԾָĵģȴ޷ҶԨһδλԼĳظԼԺ֮УһΣҶԨδȫһ㣬Ҳյ֮á
ʯԽҪԽǻԼܵһĻĻԽԽ˫ֲԾ侹Ȼշɽֻк޲ھȥҶԨնɱ
ʱһһȥʯͷϿʼĺ飬һ·Ҳʪ͸ʼɫ⣬ͷϸǲʱڣݸʮʹһ㣬ʲô
ʱʯͻȻһλӣƽֻüۼ͸ôһ־һ˫׵̶һ㣬޷͸ⲻǱˣǷ⳾ԺԺ⳾
⳾һ֣ʯʱһ⣬ָᵯֱʯȥֱʯü䣬֮УŲ
⳾һ֮ûãʯ滺һ˫ֻۡ˫Ѫ˿·ǸһδϢķһ㡣
ʦлʦ֮ʯһ⳾㼱æ
ֻ⳾һ΢ŭǱҪѵһ㣬ܿŭݾͻȥ˵˵Ļ̫أ츳Ƿٿ͸һ㣬δػᱻҶԨѹһͷһ;·һʱʧкβܷſ㿴᰷ҶСʮΪδдվȶʱƾǺεȵԣ
ʯֻǵͷ֮ڷ½ɳɫûб˸ǹͷһΡֱǰҶԨڣܿΪϳԼ֮ÿһεıȶᱻԽԽԶ綼˵ҶԨȴ֪ҶԨѾԼԽԽԶˡһΪԼ츳˵¶ֻһʵڶҶԨһֱңңȣܹܡڣֳһͷҶСҲҪϳԼơ뵽Щ޷ղĲ֮½ڤ˼״̬ħû֣Щ߻ħʱ߻ħΪȫϣѱ
⳾˵Щ˳Ĭú󣬲п˵ҶСıȶӮ㶼洦㲻Ҳգڿʼȥɽչؾ˼ȥɣʲôʱˣʲôʱٿʼ
һ⳾Ҫչأȶʯ켱æ˵ʦҡ
ʲôʯ˵ͬʱһָٻһַַһ־ʹʯϡ
ʦ𣡣ǣʯһ龰ʱʧ룬ΪַԼںԼϸʧȥϵҲ˵Ѿ޷һ
ҷӡΪƲסǿ˴ֻǽ㾲˼ҪȥΪˣԻƳӡ˵꣬⳾˦ȥһʯ졣
֪˶ãʯ컺վϵû飬ûκ顣ֻ˫͸һ˲

ҶСص᰷󣬱һͷڡһϥ£ҶСٻϸС
һϸҶС㱻о𾪣ʱϸѾзԲࡣرÿˣǻɻǵƺҲøˡ֮ǰֲʮϡҩҲ׳мѾ˻ۿҪ졣ЩҩÿһȥԻʮŰƷҩҩܹʮܹ꣬ԻɰŰƷҩҶСźܴЩҩ±ɳ죬һҶСԲͣҩ̲ˡԺ飬Ҳÿ춼ðƷҩġʯĻԹһЩ֮Ʒ
ʵʿõƷֻɶԽΪȽѻЩˡڶʵֻڵĲһһʮʵҲЩĶɰˡһרʲôڵӶֻǶʹôƷˡ


ڶʮ սϣ
ǿɣǽ޵ʿҲ᳣ܶԵķ߸ġʵֻҪ㹻ʯЩڶҲܹ򵽵ģҶС֮ǰԼճΪõĵҩ£˭ȥٻʯȥЩأϾǶʱ仹ڵģٻ뵽ʲô
ʱҲʵһ֣Ҳ࣬ȥǰʣʱٿȥǻܲģȻһżΪӡϸȥŷݾƺҶСżơ
ڻֻڶѣôϸҲб仯ѵйأ֪ô°ɣҶСϸڵı仯ʵ
ԽĵһҲǽڽͻƣҲֱӰ쵽ΪʵڲﵽһӦеʵҡϣҡűߺϾ˵ţֲڰһΪƾָΪԵĴΪֻΪȻˣûдﵽƾЧˡ
ƾ⵹Ǹ⡣ҶСȻû뵽ΪȻôס
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ҲѾԸܵǿ󣬸ӵ춨׵ľġΪƾһƷɽͿʿƷɽǶôŵ顣
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֪Ѿǰһյıȶν󣬹ҫĿ쳣еľʾҲǺѷɫܶ˶ɵǰȴţڴŽǷиʵıȶȻҶСʵҪˣҶСһֱȴҲڲϴ漣鶼ܣջôҼ۾Ҳǲܡ
˶ģǿ֮ҶСԼҲԽҲֻ飬ҲҪƴһ£ԼȡĳɼǰһվƾΪ˵ʵķԾǿһ֡
ҶСڱȶʼʱų֣˵ΧԶ᰷϶һᡣȻĳ̱˵Ŀ
һҵҶԨеǾȻûпʯ졣֪ʯÿնȽ絽ϵʲôġȻʯϲúڽʲǻ£һֵø߲㻶ģܺӸùϵҪﵽԲľҲô򵥵ġ
ΪԭʯĶ֣ҶСҲעЩֱֻŴ򿪣ҲδʯӰ
ȶѾӽβɽϾɵʿһ󣬴˴αȶȹЩ缤ҳ̶ԶԶҪ߳٣ԭȶֻǽϼӦ㵽Ϊֹģαȶȴһ㣬භ˲Сαȶ̫أȨͱ˲֪
ʯǰЩ߻ħȨʱ֮вЩ²⡣ϾαȶȨ̫ˣľ׶ΣȨԾʵ֪ȴ̲סҲ²⡣
ȻʯȨôҪϳȻҶԨҶСˡⳡȶҲ˱ȶһ
ȻϢӰĻҶԨҶСˣȻ׼ȴδ뵽ôҪϳԾ
ˣ죬¶ε顣ϴҶԨҶСԽǻļУҶԨ֮ǰıڵҶСʤʵ̫ˡ
ҶԨҶСӿЦһ£̨̨
ʿյĿ࿴ǰ᰷֮һԽҾ˵˲ѣһˣû뵽ôǾ̨ˣҶԨڻʲôһ㣬Ͼ͸Ժ˵С㲻ҶԨֵܣ
ǺǣˣҶСһЦ̨ôҶԨֱ׳ޣЩˡȴҲмָп
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ֵ˲䰲˶ھ̨ϵˡҪ˵̨֮˾Ҫˡ
ҶԨһװ·ֻԽ¿ʼȼ𣬻ȼҶԨ˶ڻ浱СһɱѹɢҶԨһõıʯսʱõʽ
ҶСȻܻ۳ͣεĥҲԽʵڻⲻʱһ绷ƣǵҶСһɫ½󷭶졣
˽ǶӢˬһɫ
ˣССģ
һȣҶԨڣʣһֱ󻮳һֱҶСȥֲǳڷйлһıѣÿһαеٶȶɣ
ҶСҲʾǣʱһɳǴ֮ǰֹ磬ֻûϴôˡʵһ̫һȴҲǶĲٿǷȱŻʹװ˷ѵϴ֮ҶСڸĲٿأھ˷ѡ
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ҶС̨ϵĹڲһꡣʿƴÿȻǷɽཻݺᣬһ˲ҶСķɽȴշ裬ȶʱ䶼еġǿⲻʧɼҷ緶ˣϾҲ֮ˣֲǷභ
˵꣬ҶСȻںɱࡰǫǫӡеŪ֮ʺϵķЧģܳΪٱ֮Ҳ󣬶ƾѣ
ҪƾǿʶʤĿܣ
ԵһغϽ֮ҶСб⡣
غҶСֻȫƾ潣ܣӲǷܲ͸硣


ڶʮ սУ
ֻǵһغϣıơɽཻȻһݺᣬʱٴαǣȴɢҶС֮ϵʶҲЩɢֻһ£ҶС忴˼Ĳ֮æٻ
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˵꣬ҶСȻںɱࡰǫǫӡеŪ֮ʺϵķЧģܳΪٱ֮Ҳ󣬶ƾѣ
ҪƾǿʶʤĿܣ
ԵһغϽ֮ҶСб⡣
غҶСֻȫƾ潣ܣҶԨ籩Ĺ֮ӲǷܲ͸硣
֪ҶԨҶСĽж꣬һỳֻİˡҶԨΪѾٽڣҶС߳С㼶ҶԨĹо˿ûֵӣڷɽٶȺƺǿʯĶԾƷ½׷ɽ𣬽ҶСΧס·޳񱩶Ű
ҶСҶԨһжƴȫռƺ󣬱ҪȫأֱҶԨųֹսһȷҶСж㶼Χսչ潣ǰһյƾȻɣȫʩΪ֮£潣ǿʱ¶ţҪ˵ҶԨھǶޣôҶСŻĶߣ׹һȻĿꡣڵսҲǡǡ˹潣յСͼɱʽľ衣
ڵһνʱҶС΢ʶ̽ҶԨʶԶǿ࣬ȻӦûʶĥʶѾڲ±ǿˡҶСÿһʶķǽΪƣȡû֮һƵУ
δҵЩҶԨĵײʼҲû뵽ƾҶСΪܹ赲ԼôõĹѾȥôȻ޲أȥΪԶҶСҲϲˡ
ڣҶԨȥԾɰűѻ治ϳҶСնҶԨȴȻѣһȣ˲ԭһ񣬶ѾƶҶСʱǵӰҲһըȻը
ҶСҶԨ˫ȭתʱ˫֮ϳԲΣҺس커󣬿ȥƽʯ֪Ǻβʣȥȴʸʮ㣬֮Ȼƺǧ֮һ㡣
ҶԨ˫ȭ£͵ĳҶСȥ
ͻȻҶС񻹴δܹٵƶһ˲˲ƽףгǣƣֻۿҶԨϵĺػлܡ
꣡
ҶСһơ֣ڻ뻤ഥһ˲һը֮ڻеĵطһȦϸС绡ЩϸС绡㲻ȥֱܡţܱЩϸСѿšɻܵ羢ɢһ磬ҶСҶԨ½󴵵úֱ죬Ҫ˺ѡ
һֻһҶСܣټϸոǼٶȵƶѾﵽʿĶ塣
ҶԨƿܵͬʱҶСҲһֱԼתĳ˿ȥϾոҶԨķֿȥǻܣڳϵʶҪˣҶСƿҲ
ձˣҶԨٴαȣһαѣӰٴ˲ƣһ±ƶ˰֮Уһ˲ǡǡҲǰһֱӽյСֻĸߴһ˫ս߾ٹͷΧսʤսһ㣬һ̣Ƴˮһ㣬ԭͲ»Ľâһ±֪ɳһڲ֮СҶԨͬڵͬը䣬˽һųȻ£ĽâֱɨҶС
ֻҶԨһʽûһͣνˮȻǾսд˰
ҶԨʽûһ࣬ոյƶʱµĻըҲʮǿҶСû֮ҲòˣǻǿƻոձܿǱѵĻ󣬾ͼҶԨһйҶԨֳַɽҶС֪ˡʱŵѣһᵲҲֱӭӿնĳ
䣡
˫ҶԨʱһΪȫʩΪһҶСȻסˡһֱ˽⵽ҶСΪǾܵԼһԼӦЩҲΪ˱ҶСһжܵ˲ġҶСܹﵽĵزӦѾΪŶԣֻڡ
ȻҶԨһʱ仹û뵽ҶСԶͬʿͬʱּЧȻ˴ҶСûںϵʶȻҶԨӾȵġ
ҶԨĽߵĸ·ߣһ֮˷ַֺϺһѾƴ£ϴص棬ִӵϡΪ˽޻ϵ˲֪䣬̨Ҳ˴ݻٳһƬ棬ͬ˼һ㡣ʯͷҲ˳ҽϹཹཱུðݣҪ֪Ǵ̨Ŀɲͨʯϣʯֻһ߼һͼֵʯ˰󣬾ʯϼΪӲѰʿƻ̨ĽҲǿֹһΣʱɢıѻ治ϳŽ磬γһȦȦĻȦɷǺÿ
ԽԽãҶԨȻΪҶСΪοֻڣȴǿ󡣵ƺܹĸˣҶСʵΪֹûĹһΣȫأԽԽաҶԨ߸·֮ˣԽǾñܡһػĻţȴ޷˳޲ôһ
ҶСȻһֱѹƣ֪ҶԨʱҪļö࣬²ҶԨӦѾķڴҶСȻҲ˲٣潣ԶҶԨõĽ࣬ͬĶƴҶԨĵʮ֣ҶСĵֻ֣ʱֻ֣һ֡潣ȻҲɱ֮һҶС׼һ΢ᣬһҶԨҲ벻ĽǶȴ̳һֽͬһ㣬ÿһжôҶԨÿÿҪһʽջأΪأһĵ͸Ӷˡ
ҶԨҲֲȥȥԼҪҶСĽ¡ֻҶԨһ汬ѣŻıըҶԨֵ˾ҶСԶһط
һ˲뿪ҶԨûмųСˣҶСҲŹȴҶԨҪʲô
ֻҶԨ˵СҽСˡܽһʤˣ
ҶС˵Ȼ벻ҶԨ׻жٱȴĻţһͷս˷ɽҶԨԼѾ׼ȫӭһ
ҶԨ˵ʵǿ̨ϵĹǡҶԨ״ﵽʲô̶ȣһֱֳʵѾڶˣѵбǽʲô̶ȣ


ڶʮ ս£
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֮ǰΪһֱҶԨϵĹҶСһֱûлٴۻܣյٴ۳ܡУҶԨھһʲôʹһ㣬ֻս˫ȭȫ£ϵ޴ʱøӳˣҶԨҲڲϱô͵˼ޣҶԨȴֻǱԽ죬޷ʹһ֣һԻͺҪסʲôһ㣬ϲš
ǣǣը֮ȴһԻȺըѿƬɳֱ̨֮ϣֻ⻤Ƭ㽫һ
⣿ôܣҶԨ׽ˣλϵλʿ۽θҶԨһ˻Ǳ㷢ҶԨڵʵת䣬ƷѾʿľ磬ֱƽʿ
ԣⲻǽΪ⡭⵽ǣһʳڸʿСʶģ׷תͷλϵšҶԨʦǬȥǬûһ㣬ޱ̨ϵĶˡ
˻ҲȷʵҶСʶǿ󣬿¾ĽʿҲ̫ࡣҶԨһƻҶС㷢ҶԨԾʽѾԽ֪ʿΧˣҶС񲻽ЩڣԼӦЩץסʹʶҶԨΪѾӽʿԼҲûпսʤġڣֻܵһˡ
ʵ˲ҶԨȴδֻͣǽĶƻȴЩζֻɽ֮һӰѾǽﵽһּ쾳ı֡
ԭΪѾﵽֵزǰӡΪİɡҶСšҶԨΪѾﵽʱ󼰵ĵزȻ潣ʽȴҲרӦȫƵİ취ǧãǧ֮ʱҲҪȥǰҶԨǧҶСûС潣ʽΨһпƽһʽҲ潣ʽΪһУ
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ߣ֪˭ñһǼȻѹеļ⣬ǽ⣡Ȼ˽⡣
⣿ûһڵʿô˽⣡⻹ҪǸʲôǺǣۻ˰ɣôһʿϳֲ֡²ڹλϵĽʿд˿
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˶𾪣ֻʱΪŶҪ޷ֻս亹˫֣ɴ۾̨ĵҶС񡣾ΪѾҫΧҶС񵽵ʲô״
ΪһнʱһıըֻҶԨҶСΪĵĵ汻һԲγϳţٶȱݲУг֮ԻһƬ𺣣ʱ˷·Ѿڳȵ֮һ㣬ۼ̨֮ϾԱҽǣֻƯһ鱻ȼյûڻ콹ʯڽ̨֮֮£ƺҲ̨ܸܵϵǷȡ
⻺ȥΧ̨˵ĻҲȥ˶סȴʷΪҵһȶȥ̷̣·̨ĳͷųľɢڣ̨ϵĳ
˷ȥֻ̨뾹Ȼһ޿ӣھ޿֮У໥ǱƣҶԨҶСֻҶСұһѪӼ򴦲ʣɢֱϵһڻҼ۹ѾۣűߴҶԨȥҶԨƺҶСܵ˸Ϊһ㡭
ͬλڵ˶𾪶˵ʱֻҶС˰æվѾþһҪŸطҶԨѾҪ¡ҶԨոһȫ£ڵµľҶСˣֻû뵽׶ҶԨѡ;У˾ųɵӲӲѹɡ;еĺɣǰǿʵһܳܵģʱҶԨˣʱҪײټм仹ҶСʶҶԨܵ˺ٶȼ
ҶСҶԨԸҲΣδЩ̫棬ԽǶ¾Խ棬ȶҲҪ㣬ǵҶС񣬶ʱУԼۡȻʲôˣҲҪµģʹҲһܳܡ
ҶСһ޺֮ʱæȥҶԨӵУιһöҩҶԨʱѾ˵ֻҶС񣬱Ǵż͵ıϰҶСվȣδ˲óһöҩ£뿪̨˸طֱȻѪҺ֪ʵܵ˲ƤѣΪһձɻָ
ҶԨ֮ǰѾҶСܹһбʤڵĽǷҶԨˮҶСȡ˱ȶʤ
ΪʿȡȶʤɽûйġʵʵıȶҶԨãʷУЩϸڶ޷֤µļֻǣҶСɽǧһһҲΨһһΪȶһΪʿϯ֮ˡ
ʵҶСδϯӦȶھĳƺţǺĽ˱ȶڵһĽ˵֮ǰҶС񵽴ûйעαȶΪһֱδ뿪ɣȻҲĶ˲ٵ伮Լصĵ伮ʶʵûж١


ڶʮ 廢ϻ
ڼЩʱҶСĿһ۽磬رڵų֮ϰڷʽƷǹѡĽ߽׵ҩششҪʽɽҶСûĸַԼһЩû˵Ĺ취ŵ伮ӦоС
ΪҶСעһǳƵһһķܡڲҪ̫£ܶԺս𵽺ܴӰƷǿԾһƷ
ʽƷ۲ҶСȴֻѡȡһķɽ֮ǰıȶѾҶԨ٣һ۲κһŵ涼ֵ֪ʯıֻܷˡΪһޣûʲôһϼѷɽΪˡ
ڱȶǰѾڲ˹ʶΪ˴ҶԨػùھɽﲢû̫Ʒ׵ģҲһƷ½׷ɽѣȶھеķɽ˲٣ϾҶԨ˳ҲҪʲôɽˡҩ͸ַҪĺࡣȻͿܵƷǲܳġ
ȻûбѡҶСֻܷһƷн׷ɽһ͹ӵĳɽĽΪر𣬾ľʽṹ̽һ㣬ԵùȻĽһ㣬ͬһƷһ㡣ֻǽϹһƣֻС׭ţ˽֮ʯйľ̽ᣬСɽơ绢绢צɨ绢β绢ɣ绢Хʹ˻ϵƣսν֮廢ϻ꽣
廢ϻ꣡ˣҶС񽫷ɽУһܵ˷ɽ󲨶ǸƷ׷ɽһԣֻҪӦһ㣬ԶǰһԶ
ʵǷɽҲ㣬ԽƷ׸ߵģԽԣݴһЩƴдķɽӵжԵ˸ЩԻΣЩҶСҲЩ̫ˡ
˲رҶС֪ΪʲôʿʹΪѾߣȻڷ׬ȡʯˡոռЩκһóܽܵġڿԼʱƾڵʮҩȡʯ㹻ˣ뷨δЩ̫ǳˡڳԵҩѾ㹻ԺΪԼҪһЩģһЩرЧõԼܶܶԼδıȡҶСֻܳЩΪΪ˴־ȻôԼνδŵģȻҲͽвˡ˵ڷðƷҩ㹻ˣԼ׵˽ڣҪƷҩʱָΣڵǾ޷ġ
κ˶󲻵һεĲرѡ֮УҶСպѡɣҲ׬ȡʯкܴӰ졣
ҶСҪ뿪һ¸յֵƷ½׷ɽ廢ϻ꽣ʱͿȵȳʯҶԨʮǿִӲر߳ȶǰʮǿʸرѡȡģݳɼĲͬܵϵĲ㼶ҲǲͬҶСΪھȻѡıҲõġȻδЩ˴ǻ̲סһ飬ֻʱ԰ײܴªİԼ֣ƺѾ½ӺֱۡҶСʶ֮̽£ִֻƺ̲żΪ޴ͷһ˿ɻ󣬵ޱĳҶС㲻ͣת̤ȥգ֮䣬Ŀֻ֮һ⡣
ʯʱںɽ˼Ȼ޷ѡҶԨûҲΪˣΪʵڱȶĵڶվѾָδڱȶ廹δָ¾ʹæչˣҶСȥ̽Ҳû档˵ҶԨıȶҲԵһʱչسȥˡ
ҶԨΪͻȻҲһЩ紫ֻǲδõ֤ʵһЩ˵ҶԨΪӦļٵԸ߽޵ԼĽ𵤣ʳΪٵַֻãѾʧֻһЩصڻһֱսУĹҲǲܴġҶԨ޵ã˵֪ˡиִҲ֮˵ҶԨһͷèŮͬУҿǾֹΪܡ࣬˵𣬿˼ٵٵ֮˵ҲδţΪ˼ٵӦòٽˣҶԨ츳ô𵤴ȥСļٵοҶԨչصԵҲҪ𵤡
ҶСȻмֵģȴվΪֻܵȵҶԨȥˡ˴һೡıȶΪʵսмҪҲҪص᰷御ãΪ

ĶǵıȶȴδӰ쵽ҶСֻ̬ҪҪʱ뵽Ԫһ״̬һ㣬ʯҲЩ߻ħˣҲرصɽȥ˼ˡ
ڱȶĺܳһʱڣҶСѾּεĽϸֲҩȫ۵ͬʱ˴Ʒҩϡ֮ʺʿãصûʲô֢ҩԻ͡ϵĴãʹǽڻѡʣҩһ㣬ԼƣƾϸҩޱҲǿά֡
һ̲ҶС񱾾ͲĵȻ°빦ڵÿ춼ܸܵԵǿþѵֻڵĻþѾﵽػþþÿһأƵѶȶҪʮǰٱΪֹҶСδͻƹһΡҺϴξһƾʶҲÿλʮǱʶڲϵĶѾɢΧˡԺڶʱҶСһرֻҪʶһ֣ܸǵķΧһ㣬ôϸҲ֮һ֮֡Ҳʵһ֡
壬ҶСʹĵطΪǰһʹĻǼΪʹ࣬ѾЩΣաӦҪصóһҡʡƷ͵ķɽǴųಲٿŷɽնԼҲκȥȫҪȥܡҪɽҲпǵģͬʱҪҶСͬʱٿضɽϾǿʶȥʵ̫˷ˡҲֻܲٿɽˣеϻԶﲻɽҪÿÿ֮ԼӲһʯͷȫľȻĸʵǱȵѪĴ̼Ҫܡ
ҶСæµʵʱݵŴҲڽŸָԽϼѡȡһڵӡ
ֱһգҶСӵɵʹٻòͣ


ʮ ħ
Ϊ᰷λԽƫƧ˴ҶСʹʱѾڶʿȺһȥʮˣϸ֮·ȶʮǿʿ顢鶼С
һҶСԶԶ¶ЦݣʱڵļλʿڣҲҴֻڵ°ٻҶС
ʵ֮ǰѾйţÿһȶ֮󶼻ᰲһһٻҶСѲµ˴еĿġֻû뵽һôĹģ˵ֻᰲǰǿѣû뵽ιʮˡ
Ѿ룬ߵǬ˱ӵ˳ֱ˴Ϸλ֮ϡ֪ΪΣǬ˵ƺż־⡣
Ǭģڳļʿʱ϶˿ɫ㶼ԡǬһɨһܣԴɳƵȴʮ˵λѾµٻ˵ĿģҪдҲ뱾εʮҶϲʮɽַһħѨξҪŴɵһͬǰħ˽ɴ˴δӵʦԺһһϸʱȫĺǡף쿪ʤŬնħҽ
еϽħǺռģǳʮصĵطɽеĵѨ֮࣬ħѨֻħھӵĵѨħѨָħոսפãΪߵСħѨСħѨǸʿѵص㡣һڷħѨҪ콫նݳȻħһھӾˣǿħǡħѨ֮ĳδʿֵϼĻôЩħΪҲʮֿٵġʮռ˶ѵʮҲػݲħŵΡ
˴μ˶ˣħѨûǬ˵ô򵥡ǬֱĽʿҲİͽܣΣ˴Ҳóޡ
Ǭϣ˴ϸڣʱԼħѨһЩſȵȡҪȥħѨҪħΪЩħʵļޣҲ߲ڡ˴˴ȻмΣգֻҪǲɢСĽһЩ֮ǵġǻнʿӡ
λʿһЩע֮ϾҪмּĦȭƣƺЩħѾɱһˡҲѹ֣ЩޱսһֱնħΪΣЩոѧʿȻҪҸչֵġлвʿҲ֪˸ùߵģȻǾʲôյġ֮󻹻նɱħ۹ͣʵҲǸǵһθˡ
ҶСҲΪбҪһֱޣûʵսĻҲǲαȶ˺ܶջۿҪȻҲмڴ

֮ɵ˱ͬƺƵĳˡҶԨʯ⣬ʮһˣлһΪʿһͬʱҲһ羰ĽƵм֮ɷ׳ۡʮȻ࣬˶࣬ɫһԶȥҲͷס
Щʿеٮٮ֮ٶȶ֮󣬱㵽˴ɽмһֻ֮ǹƽݵ֮Ѿ˼ȺˣÿһȺٵĶʮ˵ģ߰ʮˣ׷׳ȥ
һ˸ոս䣬ͷЩװڶʿǰһΪʿЩɵĴ֮ˣǼе΢Ц֣еֱɫƺ˷һ㡣ȴһһ˿˱̬ȷ
ûãмȺʿе̤ͬеǼԦַʮɾԵ룬һͬš
ȥɵĵͽʿ䶼ٽӴͻȻôʿҾڵʿۼһ𣬶δЩ棬ȫĴšҶСҲڹ۲ȺǷΪ֮ˣСĽʶɢȥϸ̽šʮɼͬڶݣʵɼĹϵҲʮǢھŴоҲһЩЩжԵɣֻͬɣһֱûͻҶСɵʱ᲻˳ûͻȻú̽бҪġ
һȥǴʱʱɫƺżֵģڣ㿪˵˴֮Ϊħȣħ֣ӦòļޣǵʵӦÿӦǾ̽͸¶Щħ֪ΪʲôԭǳӴһֿܷ
жɻ󣬱дͷʵʦ岻Ǻһô
üͷһ壬Щε˵εħгһֻ弶ħѾӵ൱ڽ𵤳ʿʵҽŴɵĽʿһͬȥΧͷħǰ濪·ᾡħնɱɾںϣûĻҲʲôΣա
Ϣʱһң˵˶ûжԹǿħġ
۵ͬʱѾһɳһҾ޴ˡֻҶС֮ǰСЩǷٶȴ˲֪ٱһתѾɳԶǴıҲŲ֪ʲôʵǣ滹̻ŹӸӵַȻǸ߽
ɽӶĳҲкһͷ̤Ҳ׷𣬸ߴ󲿶ֱħ
ҶСһ·֪Ծ˶ɽʱѾ뵽ʮɽǰչȥһɭСȹȿ̽ħ߳ܵλѣħˣһЩ͵ͽⲢûʲôΣաħһɽΪѾܷУҪԼһʱ·̱ɵͷλߣֲ·࣬ǵòҪӣÿֻʱഩԽһ·ʱ䣬ŨȺͶԶΪǾֵġû⣬Ǿͳˣ
˺껰㲻ͣ첽ŹȥҶСҲ׷׿첽ϡһڱ㷢Ϊƣ赲˴󲿷⣬˸ʱһ紩СȴǵΪԲ֮һ
ΪԲȻҲˣȻΪȴǲ˲٣ʱⴳǰʮǿȫΪƷɽֵԭ򡣴ʱŲıҶСԽԽһ˫СֽץҶС½ģʿȻ𼸷ֱɵʿⷬЩųģĻġЩΪԸ֮ˣڿҶС˶ֻΪ󣬾͸Ƕ֮ԱˡʲôģѵˣҪʿҪħϲнвָָ㡣
ܵ۹⣬ҶСס֣Сͬʱ˫üһ壬ĵָָ֮ˡȥûʵ˿Զ˵裬ѽȣ裬˱ӵĶ
˿ⷬģȴ˿ںһʿм˻ء
Ȼн˲һʱ˾һ׵ĶѨڴڿޱȣͬʱɾһͬͨģѨбֱ³ŵص졣ֻڶ⣬ܸܵڶѨǽ֮ϻǶĳֿԷӨӨĿʯ谵ĹѶѨӳյøɭ


ʮһ ٳѨ
յ˶ڣǴͷ֮˱ͣ˵ڱλǰн룬λԵƬٽ롣
ʮλڸһһħǴͷ֮Ҳõȴʱħħ֧ͬ࣬ͬԹһ㣬ԸλмɷɢжһȺħɲöԸ⣬ħڹ㣬ֱǰٳѨߵ߳ڣˡһٳѨҪһֽݵռݣһЩͽħһлһɳϣְϵʬҲһֲõҩģԸλ˳ѼһЩڶΪߵ
һṦѾħڵ½һ飬һÿһڵħҲܵú
ʮʿֱڵȥˣʣµЩʿǴɨһ·ʣµһЩ©֮㡣Ƽ򵥣ĵĻ֣ᷢʵʵûи߽ʿͬµһաΪǴͷѾ˵ħͬԹһ㣬֧࣬˾ʮְ߹һ·ħȫնɱɾɻµħӱĲ·Ķ顣
ˣλǰѾЩʱ䣬ҲȥɣǴͷ֮һ˵ڣĦȭƵ˱׷׳嵽ħڡǵһͻֵɳɳǴͷ˵ɣʵֵʵǲƵġһ붴ѨɵʿһȺֿж룬һмȻûΣգԶûбҪſ·ʮߵ·ˡ
û죬ʣµЩҲսûãͲ˷ֳɡһǷ⳾ԺߵģһȻƫԺˡûãЩ˱ֵ𣬷ֳ·нҶСϲͷһͬڷ⳾ԺһɵУʮһͬǰнš
ԺһʵǿȻҲΪͷ졣⳾ԺҶС˵Ǳƾ˸½Цĸոսڵʿͷ˵ķЩʯƣ죬һṦɺ˴һƬˡȴʯһһǫǫӵĸܣһĻˡ½Ц컹Ǹɣһƽǹ޺ЦݣֺǺǵġ
дΪҲһˣһƾٳҲѡһ±ȶǸȶھҶСЦ˵Ҷʦܣұ꣬ԳƸʦ֣Ҷʦܲɣ
ֲЦˣҶСҲЦЦ˵Ȼᡣ½ʦʲô£ֱ˵ɡ
ǺǣҾֱֱ˵ˡҶʦȡñȶھսҲǴĿõģұƾٳҴͷԻҪҶʦֲܴ֧ǡﵥжΣգʲôΣգҲҶʦܹЭ˵սʧ
Ȼ½ʦְšҶСҲˬʮ˶Ƿ⳾ԺⷽеĵӣӦò˶ʲôвģ½Ц˵Ҳûﻹ˶һȫһЩ
½ЦҲˬһЦתͷ˵ʦΪŮޣڶмɡɱɱɣòȾħѪǲá½Цô˵ʵΪİΣǣΪԱȽϵ͵ģֱ˵˼ģԲдһ˵ҶСԼһͬڶǰҲǰ˼ΪԸߵʿΪԵ͵Ķ˶м䡣
½ЦµҲ㹫еİȫΪ鿼ǡһָŵľһҶСһͬеͷΡȻûнӴȴҲҶСҲкøС
ԽߣⶴѨԽΪ㣬һϳһĲ·ΪûĵͼҶСһһʼżʬжʮ𵤸ߵ·ǰеġЩɳǴ˾ȡͰ˵뷨ϾɱħصɺõĽҲǲٵġãһֱܹ׷ٵʮߵ·ǵ˺Ƿ·ﶼмݵ޵ʬ塣ԭΪɱħ׽ȡɳ϶·ߣΪ̫࣬׷ǰͦʹƫҶСһ·
ʵҲ·״ĲֹҶСһӣҶСǴͬ뷨ĶҲһеħ涼ǿһҲֻж޶ѣҶǵֻ֣ûʲôвԡ
ҶСһҲֻ׼һ·һֱȥˣҲֻϣܹЩҵһˡ
ҶСһӲͬǣмֻ鶼ʮһӵģĶսǿģսӦҲࡣһʼûдҪǰ߹·ߵĴ㣬Ҫ辶רħ·ߡҲǺϺϾɱħȡħϵض٣ȥǿԻȡʯġֻһǰѺЩСӸˣʹҲòһҴײ
֮󣬱һһͷ˸ߣȫӲףӲϲ̵Ĵ׳һ̲ſ˵ϡ
ֻ׳ǱҶСնɱݣǿƾ豳ϵļ׿кǿķ֮ҲҪܻɱ
ʱҶСѾһʯһѨڳڶڵǽϻšߵ֣ħӦǲдֵģȻǰµļǺšȥᷢȫһءߵڵ涼ϸʯӣǽϲʱ᳤ؽвֵҰҰҶڻһɳʪȳζڣͻǾ綾еζ
ս̵ʱ·߻ЩħʬҲһֱʬ·нšֱ֪˶ãиͲסӣµ̫Ȥű˵ƨߣֻǴ©µħʲôҵȵɻ㱨ʱƨû򵽣Ҳδ̫ˡ
ʵҶСҲ뷨ֻһʼⶴڻǸ⣬⣬һطǲСˣǾ׶༪٣˲ѡһ£ʱͬӦ½ЦһЦҶС½ЦǱƾΪͷˣʵսǿĻҶСҪʲôҪѯҶС
ҶСʶ̶ɢܵΧû̫ħ΢˼˵Ҳλʦ˵е˵ҲɱͷħȥûЩʯġ
ǺǣȻҶʦܶô˵ǾҲȥɱЩħˡܲܰһˣǽҲ˿Ц½ЦһЦ˵ҶСһͬһû߹Ĳ·
һʱľ鷳Ǵʱȴ֪Ǹոմߵ·ǰԶһȺʿħΧˮйͨʿ֮նɱħ˫ڽšħԽԽࡣ
ҶСһʮһ·ҲΪħһͷħħȻͷΪﵽļǰսǺСģܹҲ֮ģǾԼߣżͷսǿ󣬵̼͵ĺߺǱԼֻҶСͷħȴ䵥ģֻһͷǺʵȻͿɱһͷȡеĶڻصɺԴ˻ȡһŶӣĿǰΪֹЩǽ½Ц챣ܵģ뿪ħʱԳ˶õöٶ
϶һģֻɫͬһٺɫƤһƤǴɶ೤СҲһɶ࣬Ѿ˫ۣ޴˫ŸɱƤԵʮͷµ֮һֱţʣ֮ڵ롣̶޴˫ۺǶҪ졢ҲеƣӦһЩڷֵˣжٶȼΪѸ١
ҶСһŲϵ룬ɱħҲԽԽ࣬Ӧħ֮ҲԽϤֻһֱΪΪʲôħԶûԤĶࡣߵ㹻֮ħҲʼһͷͷħͷ졢ػˡ


ʮ ߵ
ʵħΪеͷħøŽᣬѨеͷħֶ໥Զ뽻ķڷд󣬱ѾĺͺѻˡҶС˲ż˸ӣû̫ħһ·ɱöܰȡߵıȽϿĴ͵ù
ߵ֮ԵôƣΪĶѨǳһңȰٳѨ֪˶ٱһԹҶСûеͼѾ֪˶ٸȦһ·ȻûһʿԴ˱ԿߵжôӴжٷ֧·ƾоҲ֪ԼѾ뵽ߵˣ¾뵽һѾԶˡ
ƹһ·Ҳ˽ħĵһΣոƹǸ·ͿԶͷĺͷźǳһôȻǿӦѹȴҲСʱͷҶܡǼ˻δüͷͷֺ·Ѿ裬⾹ȻҲֻħסǵĺ·⵹δ뵽ģħȻ֮ߣȻʹüԣۿҪ׽Ŵ򹷣
Ҳ֪ħ̽鵽ҶСʶ̽ⷶΧײλöǡþҶСʶ̽ⷶΧ֮⣬ֲԶ˲ʹ˾ءȻ޷ݱܣֻӲˣʱһȫʮ־׼ӭս
䱻ܵУǿһ£ҲͻưΧͷ󣡡½Ц컹δ˵ͼҪɱħĸߴʿὣǰ˹ȥ
Ȼҽ޷ɣվɱʹ죡Ҳһ壡½ЦһЦһ˺ֶҶС˵Ҷʦܣ֪㶨ʦԼȥɱҴ˵󣿡
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һ֣Գ˽սǿֻ֮ˣһնһɫֱֱնһͷֱۣһ󰧺м˸ϵһͬ˲ɱһͷﲻͬʱѣڼ֮ɱһͷȻڶ࣬Ǻܶ޻ǵ޾ԶԶûǿսһͷҪ졣
վȻնɱ˼ͷȻûܳΧǱϣǰܵеľءȳϵȥļҲһΪֻһͷĿϮЩҧУǡҲԼսֵϾԮҵҶСһֱʶսһһһνɳֱǺȻûн䲱նϣȴҲˣۣæҡźˡΣ⣬ǶƤ˵ҲúҲ˲ýⶾҶСһм񣬱ֳȥһնǻĺ
֪ΪһȺȫͬһŻΪЩ˶û̫Ļ֮ˣڱΧΣʱ̣ȻȫƴȫһΣձἰʱԮһʱ֮ȻΧһ˱Ƽûˡ
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ټȥºܿͻҶСҲ˲ٱͷһƺ棬սԱӦò⡣ҶСܣǰһ粽˲һԽףӼʿͷϷɹֱ뵽ս֮СЩһֱЩܵ໥ϣزԶһͷħڰָӣսĳʶڷͷĲ֮ءֻҶСһ뵽бǰһͻʯƾܵķܿн˺ԶۿʯǰѾ˹Χ
пֻһͨ͹ʯҶСʶУȴĿǲʲôʯǼһͷħͷħ⵹ʮ⣬ΪҪ鱨ڶʱǴͷ֮˾ȻûᵽֻҶСһնһ콣âֱʯնȥʱһʹ˻ϳصͷħ䵽ϣѾȴڵ治ϷšҶСǼնֽǼصͷħÿͷ­նЩֹ֫ͣ˷ˡ
ͬʱ䣬Ϊָӵͷħȫʮͷ졢ԭϽ϶ʱ໥伸ûκϣ׷׸ΪȫƾűܽŹ
ħ弶޾ǰһ㶼ʶδģ¶ձܻΪߵλָӽУûָӣսԶͬ׵ʿġοԵĻʿսΪǿޡ
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׻˵ߴߴ磬ôѾʹֲȱݡǲ֮£˼ӲۼףѰɽ޷Ƶġ
ҶСе廢ϻ꽣ȴѲǵÿһܷӳҶС񱾾ǿսٶһɡҶСⷢڻӲ׺һɱ󣬱㿪ʼȫӳԽƵİԽһؽƣΪӲʵ̫Ӳʱ˱㼲ǰ壬սпٴšһǡöܿһѪڣὣµӲףҶСķɽ޷Ӳ׻ƣ˫ս廢ϻܶʱһȥŽҫֻһʯһӲױӦ顣ҶСĽն廢ϻƾǿһֱնأԭǿӲۼסҪֱ֪֮⣬żΪϸСӲļƬּƬ˴󲿷ֵķɽ
նɱһͷҶСºɣһҶС˫ϥһֱһͷϵӲնȥ˸ոյľ飬նɱĸӾ׼ԽҲӵ쾡¡ͬսеʿҲǿƼ򵥵ĽôǿܣεļʽȴӦõӲѵֻһѪĴͷʱ˻ŵ䵽档ҶСһ壬һת۳һͷȥ
ҵ˼֮ҶСÿһɱһҶСַҲЧȻǵķɽûǿܣҲȴἸ֣һͬԷɽնͬʱնһϵӲסһÿһԻɱһͷ֮ǰҪʱɱһͷ׵öࡣ
ɱ˸ָӵͷħҵɱľϣһһʮ˵Ķ㽫ʮͷȫɱɾһؾ޴ʬ壬һʿвԼΪҶгһƼ⣬Ȼûһʿˡ


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ȥȡͬʱǸƼʿʱҲϥ£׼ҪرƳûãһƵվֱֻϵ˿ڴʱѾںˡ
ʦǣѵⶾ޷Ƴ½Ц쿴վʵ
ֻһƣһֻֽѹ˿ڻصǣ֪ΪʲôⶾؾȻӰ죬Ըû취Ƴ
һ˲һƣָһöⶾҩ˶˳˼СĽҩûн߶ӶԵɢ߶Ķδ˵ϣֻǻƼ滹˵ЩĻǻΣաոսΣͷ⸲һ
һĬ֮ͻȻһգƺżȻʲôһ㣬ʱչ¶Цݣ˵ˣҼǵСʱ߶ûнⶾҩֻҪʱѱ߶ȾѪͿˡ޷ƳǱϾѪеģ԰Ѫ
˵ʱע⣬⵹һ취ѶرƳȴЧķΪ˲öؼɢʿѾ˿ڴѪҺͨΪصȾ˴ѪҺҲӰ޷ƳδûЧ
ʿҲ˵æһöҩֱ̧ۣ˱˿˽ŵעĿ£һᣬ˱̧ͷ³һڵѪ취ȻЧϲҲֳЦĿҲ̺˼ָмϾԺ߶Ҳûôֲˡ
ŶѪʿ˿ΧںҲȥ
һΣǱ߸ȡʿҲŶˡһҲ׼ٴ·Ÿһھһս˼Ϻζࡣ
ƺѾߵ㹻ˣ֮ûƵΣҲһĶѡǼɽҫ֮ͱնɱɾ
Ȼûãҵ˽һڡڴԹһߵ߳ڻߵֱһߵĳһ㣬ۡʮʱ⼸˶ѾٹȣȻ氾ס
ڣ̤ĵط߳ˡһǾһȺʿŵһɴ̱ǵѪζͬʱǰȻߵѨһͨ
ֻЩʿѪһв˸˵ģһʹģЩʿҲͬһɵģǸɽСе˴ΧһںڣȻûҵΰѶرƳķҶСҲδʲô飬ֻǹһСĴͷ֮˹ǼɣŸ˵鱨ʧħеħԶһӶ鶼ߵбΣͬʱвˡ˶Ⱥ򣬴ٶЩһǰҲȫһЩ
ҶСһȻᷴԣֻû뵽龹Ȼôˣ治֪ܵĹ˼Ǽ֧ˣֻ˲١
̸Ǵͷ֮Ҳһε˵ڵԱж޷ⶾⶾҩҲֻӳٶɢѡ½ЦȴҲֻ¶һα飬ȴû˵ֻҪѶѪɵĽⶾ½Ц첻˵ҶСȻҲù£ΧԱĳݣżһһҪ˵ⶾȴҶСһƣʹסˡ
統жǿΪǿʳҶС½Ц첻ǽⶾҲֵط㹻棬Щ˿¶ɵǻӽĹϵǵŲġ
߽紦սѾ꣬ȴһֱ޷ʤΪﶼиС̣޷ȫǰһ̻ѣһջ󣬱̵ꡣ˲Żǿٱʵһֱ޷峹׸
֮˼ˣһɵĶĴҲֻ߳һƺ˼ˣм˴ˡҶСȴע⵽һϸڣǾƺô࣬ʶУܵ񱩵ҲһֱֽԼ󣬺ѹЯĿһ㡣ԺʵõĽӻֱ۲£治֪Ϊڽӻصƺźܴһ㡣Ѱô񱩵ԭƽԴֱֺɫҲ˼
ڵȺʱڣҶСͨʶ̽˵ĽѾ߳˻˽⡣ﱻΪ߳ȻΪֻܼ֮һ㳡һڣûô֧·ѾǰеʮʿɱɾˣŵȳѪζصʬɢԭΣյطһʮְȫĵطЩһصʬϵĶȻȵĶȡˣЩʿǲȥȡġǵĿͷǸ㼶ޣѾǱˣƷöƸ߽׵ҩı֮
ȵòʱһȺʿ̤ǰһ㡪

ڶеԼнˣߵȻܵ࣬ȴнɵ˶ˣлкܶѾ߶ս½ڻô˶鱨ʧҲкܴӰ죬ߵ浽׻˵
ڶСУҶСȫӼûҲһӶѡ˲ĿڷǶеΪ仹ҶСʿں󣬾ͷ׷ײ²ǶʲôʺˣһֱڱĶ棬ǡɶħƾʵߵģǽע˿ͷ˵½ЦϣôܰѶĴһ֡
󣬹Ҳµó߰˷Ҳǲֹ۵ġ
һ붴ڣ㷢ǿȣȵ˵ڶʬסһ˶ʬףʱʿȿֺǰȥȡȻҲ˶Դо֮ԱǵġĺôƽʱҶСȻҲֻȴԸǰʳһ㣬ȥҲͬһͬЩ˸˶ٴ·
ߵмƣͬԹһķ֧·ÿһͨ߹հ˹գͨԶߵ࣬ôһͬнҲû̫ӵ
ֻһͷ֣ôһڷ䶾Ͼͳ⡣ʼǰ㣬ǲмȥģÿһζƴ˭ܵÿ죬Ƥ񣬾ǰʯٵҲ޷̵ġһӵɱȴһƤȽſĸ˶ǰ׷ѹټЩսҲͬû÷ԽԽֱߵһ֧Ĳ·ʱһ֧ٴηֻС顣
ãҶС㷢һƺһֱͬһطתȦո·µĺۼһȦȻٴη֡ҲͬʱʱţѨڵȳҲ˲֪ԽŨˣŨҵȳζƺ̺ĳ߶ζֻЩé®ʿʱû˷ְˡȳζĲϼǿ֮ǰ߶˶ԼĽҩƺѾ޷߶ɢˣһڿڻɢûжʿҲͷǣһ


ʮ 
ҶСһȷϵȷԭתȦ󣬱㶼ͣ
½ЦȳڵѾֹһȦ֪ǷоһͷΣܲһֱȥΪҲ٣ڻûһҪ취֮ǰǰ㱻վˡ
ҶСһ£Ҳ˵ĿѾںĳֶûǼֱж̫нⶾҩȷһš
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ֻһֽӿ˵ҼǵԹõİ취ǿһߵǽһֱߣܻЩ·ȴȦ߻ͷ·϶߳ȥġ
⵹ҲĿǰõİ취ˣҲ֪·ãײʵʵһǽߡһ¶ע⣬˱ٴ·
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ҶСһӣʮ˶ʱɫ죬еŭĿӣеԳϲɫ࣬߳ʲôע⡣ľѾҶСʶ̽ķΧˣҶС˳ע⵹ʲô⣬ǽܹ£֧غһ֧սѾԶߵʱеΣջû١ҺΣտӦòСߵһ˾Ͷһһֻߵϣ
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ãһǽǺ淢һССڵʯʯлҰݣǡðѶסԲС˱·һƬµ֮Уĵ治ǸִСһʯǳʪЩŢĵ棬ϸһشҰݣɭĶѨ˼¶ȶʱ˼֣˶еһȣȻѾ²֪ˡһǱȷԼӦûУΪڣӦûɲŶԣҾ˵ڣҲֻһֱĿͨѣΪͨԶɣڣһ
ԴӴС˱Թ֮УҿԸоԹٿأ߹һ·ٻͷȥᷢ߹·ѾŲ룬ҲԽԽ࣬ȴֲ׺ˣΪʱˣߵ·Ҳ˵׼ʱͷȥܻᷢ·ҲӰأ·ѱӴס·ֻԶԶЩһֱûн˼һֱһ㹻Զľ룬ʱʱ֡
ٴͨһת֮󣬳ǰһͨȥİֱͨмﳤ߹ĶѨǺټġĶѨһֱۣôֱĶѨͨ˵ĳ֣ͨľͷҲӰͨһڲģ࿿ǰĺڻǿš
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ЩֹͣǰŲҶСӼᶨԼĲ²⡣ȻԼʶ޷̽⵽ôԶ²ЩƺڿǲҪǰֻҪŻͷȥҪƴģۺϼ֮ǰͷħûʯһֱһֱӰӰصӰǰͻȻ³ִҶС񲻽ǰжġͷħԻûʯѱ֤ܻû
óȻȥȻҲǺ⡣ͨ㣬ҶС⣬Ҫ㹻ʶ̽ǰǼ١ܹƭ˫ۣȴ޷ƭǾþʶ
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ȻҶС룬Ȼ֪ҶСսǿ󣬵ٿǰ⡣
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Ը⣡Ҳһȥ˱һߵбƼʿһĸߴʿ
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һѡȴ˱תͷԭ·ءм˻мζʱȰ½ЦҶС˵ƾǼˣҪͻʵʤ̫Сһԭ·أѰ˴󲿶һͬͻơ
ʵҶС˵ȻĲҪӲҪͻƵ⡣ʶܹ̽ķΧڷԶȴʵʵڵĻҲǻͷҲѡȴġζѨ㹻󣬿ռ㹻У㿿ýҪҲ̫ѵ顣
ҲɣȻλңξͷˣλ󡣡ҶС˵꣬һ㵱̤ڶȥ
˼Ȼѡ£Ȼǵ֮ҶСһȣҲ׷𣬽ҶС
ҶСˣǿԼʶ̽ǰʵһֲӲ壬Ҳõһʱ켸˵ͷ⼸ɰҶСΪһֺı֡Σյǰϵȵ˿ɲǰҲ⽫ڵУһʽĻرҶСĺˡ


ʮ 
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣ٶ벻գ֮ɿԽһʶΧҶСͷһϲȻ²ǰ㣬ǰǻѣʶпĿʵ۾ʮ֮һѡ뽫ЩնɱǲܣֻͻưΧȴ׵öࡣ
ǰǻԺ漸˲޷ʹʶ̽˵ǺܴΣաҶСɲǼٶҲɲǼ˳ɣת˲㽫Ŀߺ󷽵ͷħҪƳ󣬾ҪȽսСͷħնɱȥͷħٻͷնɱҲ׵Ķࡣ
ʵûˣҶСƾܺǿһ˳Щ׾֮£ЩڣȴòҪսһˡ
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ЩͷħһʡҶСƾǿټ廢ϻҶСֻǼ£㽫ͷħɵġߡնΡսСͷħδüŵͬĴ˻Уն⡣
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ֻǷɽ˲㱻Уһֻ̾ƺͷ­Ժ͸˳ȻнǲӿѪĴȴڼʿҧȥۿŴҪʿϰɡ
ز˶Ϊ˱ȴͻȻˮɫһȴٸϵΣ֮н˿ȥ
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˵ϵʬ⣬һͷҲǸȫ֮ءոΣյ˲һ
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죬ЦЦֻֽǡҶСȴɿЩˡ
ʱȴһȣЦ˵ȿȣ˻ⶾҡĸʲôЩ˶ʦҲһʹࡣȥˣдʱ以ҶʦҪĽţҲء˵½Ц졣һļ仰ʱ˻һЦһ٣½Ц˵ȻǵغܿϾҪ˸ϵˡ
ѳ潻֮ǰͬѣ˼˵Ҳ˿ס½Ц챾ϲ˵Цƨ֮ˣֱڲ¶ԣ仰ܵҶС˽ɺ졣ȷʵǵʱҿưȫ˭֪᲻ͻȻ
ҶСƽᲦϵ˼ѪᱡࡣȫȥСűУഥҶСֻǲӯһյСӨʤۻ֬һԼⶾ˼Щʲô
鲻Խ̧ͷȥĿഥһЦ˳
һЦͬ绯꣬ԼҲôˣոջǴȤ½ЦҲ˸յߵĻ
ڼ˴֮ʣǡһҲڣǡüһĻֻĸߴ󣬲ҶԨǰȴʮЭתһƲ˫һ⣬ƺҲǰ¿˵Ů
ʱҶСҲ˵ʱԼȻһʱ˽ӽ˾뻹δ֡ʱҲת׳ȥƺҲҶСڳһҶСŷո֮˾ȻǸΪӢ֮ˣЩһܳ˱ģһ˫ۣ˵ˡ
ҶСòҲʮ㣬ǱͲࡣɢǷʣĪʶһ̽ȥŷִ˵ΪԼ޷ơƺҲҶСʶ̽ʱֳ˼޵΢ЦЦòȴĴżּ㲻ҶСߣǰȥҲ½½߽ˡ
ҶСһ߸߶һ߻Ϊ֮ǰûԼȻ͸ΪʿӦҲܷʶ̽ģѵѾǽΪȻòܴ䣬˸˵ĸоȴ̫ͣҲֻжʮͷΪǴ˾ֹ̬ɢʣ㿴־þӸλ֮ˡ
ԽԽ࣬ô˵һŮĽվţҶСҲ룬רĸжûһṦ򣬱ϵڶ齥ȥСĵĸС࣬Ьӣ¡


ʮ 
˵½Цչ¶Цݣ˴кƺʶһ㡣
½Ц̸֮ʣҶСȺҲ໥š˶֪ǰ˶ټܹߵԶ濴ԷʲôΪҶСֻôˣЩʮ֮ࡣ
ЩȻ˻ǱǴͷ֮˵һԽ߻װεۣǱϵɫûһ𣬸˵ϻʲôˡ
ʶ̽ⱻֺҶСҲʶ̽½Ц˵Щʲôûã½ЦЦַص⼸м䡣ڼ˺УܵǸΪӢ֮ʮǵĳ֮ӡ𡣶˶ˣʵںɵʿǵˣһСȵˡ½Ц컹˵ǹϵһֱǻһҲ֮¡Ϊʲôʶû𡣱˲֪ûע⻹ǲҶСҲֻǰ¼ͷδȥ׷ʡ
ڴЬӺ󣬱վԭ˼ֶȻôˡʱ¶Ц̣һӤʵ϶ʱֳСѣ˵¿ˡֻһ˫УƺֻҶСһˣеЦݣҲֻΪһչ֡
ȻҲע⵽Լⷽ˶࣬ټҶСֻΪǺеʿо˰಻סаͷӶһ߳ȺȥҲԶԶţȴûһԡ
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˶ʱҶСĮסһ˲֮ͻȻһʿԼôҲŵˡ㶥죬ҲǸֽϻ
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ȻǴ˶۸ɵ⼸ˡ½Цתͷȥȴƺû½Цһ㣬Ǳ뼸̸ȫûҪµ˼
½Цڵ˱֣ҶСлʮοġֻԼⷽƵпܣҪִ
ҶСȴһĵӸոնɹΣգ治֪ʲôΣգƬ̰бˣǡ
˴аЦߵǰҶС㵲ǰ˵λ֪кιɣԷͼ㹻ԣҶСĻǿÿȴʮĮ
ȻҶСֻΪĵͽʿ㲻ʶȤһһ˳û£߿
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ʶľ͸Ͽÿ˵żֳ˵Ŀֱ´ţаа˵ǲλʦúúö˵˵ѡ˵ʱϷʣһڿֵʿһЦ
û˺˵𣬶⼸ȻҲּ˼˫۷Ź⣬µµ´ԼʱŭסԼһ˫ӣСʲôʱȥ
㣬ҶСЩȡûˡתһ룬ʱͬУƤΪ˵Ӳˣǳͬ鳳Ҳޡ
û뵽ʿ˲ŵէһǳ⣬϶ЩҲסΪԶ߹ǰˣݵǺǳ⡣漴ֳһŭݣȵƲԳԷƣ
˵ձһȥ׽ҶСļһȥ׽˵Цվԭء
ҶСȥȥ׽ˣʶȴ̽鵽в֪һ̺ذףʱ̹עǱ߶̬Լһ赲֮ںʶһȹȥ˱Ҷһ㷭ɳȥ˼ˤ˸ʺ㲻ٶ
ǰֻ֮ǰһδҶСγУ漴ʶһ㱣һתδô±û֪
ֻץȴ㡣ֻкâһһ仡⻮ʱȥ˻˼ʹһ㡣
ټոջ⻮֮ƾֻӤƴСнĹ裬Ưۣɹ֮µ켣ͬշһ㡣ڶӳ¸Եޡ
ƺҲǵһμ޵ͣɴ۾𾪡һֻǵ⣬ҲڰС
ʱٿһ߰˴糤ĶСذףէһȥᷢذȻǷɽƷȴҶС廢ϻ꣬ȻΪԲ˵Էġټϸոյ澰ҲǷƷġ
С磬㿴ֱƵİذչʾҶС˵Ľ͵ذǳǰʦģΪ䡣ʱʦ˵ذһմѪɻûƯʱһţ
ٿǱ֮ˣѪҺһ㣬ɫɷףҶСʶڣĸܵڸղűʱ˴롣
˲䶼ɵۣûô£ֻʿʿ׻ˡ
˵δѹڳ˶ذ׵죬δ˵ذ׵Ʒף˵Ҳ֪ȻǷƷٿذһ㡣²ƷҲƷ߽סذֶ缫ټΪƲƷɽ˶ذסȻҲһЩʦģżҲһЩ
һЩ˼ʱԷֻˣذףЩ鷳ɱҲֵõġһԽͷȣȻ٣һ˫䣬Ǹϻģ᲻֪Ĺ£ߣذײ˵мʾ֮⣬óذף˭֪滹ʲô֣ǰʿոһ¸ǳֲǿ˼ûе˿ֻһƣ㽫߳һ׵ʿڵأȫʩΪ²
ʣǻżʿʱ֪ĽҲû뵽վôǰԺкˣʶǰ˵ֶΣ˽ľɲ֮ɽԼɱ
죬˲֮ʣֻ˵Ц˵λʦֲҪúö˵ôĻû˵ͳưͣ
һڣ½Цڵ˶ȻʧЦǺȵҲһЦд󲿷˱ۿЦģͬųԱֻҪû𺦵Լ棬ҲùܡֻмԺ˹ϵ֮ͬЩҲסһģ
ЦһʱзȣŭգŭһɽʣշۿҪҶСȥ
ҶСһţ廢ϻһХһɳǷɽնȥͬʱҶСһǰһֱȭƴ׮һӲϡ
һƺߣݰѪɳ˱ֱֱɳȥײԶĶϲˤ䵽档ڵһһ
еķɽҶСһȣ廢ϻ꽣ʱⱩǣ¡һԷɽնϣ
֮˶˵ķɽƷϽ׷ɽԷɽһ飬ﻹʿֱǹ
ʵƽʱսҶСҲ򲻿׾ͽɽϵġʵǸոһȭжԷʱ˶ԷɽϵûʶƵķɽҲ֮ɢȥ廢ϻҪһûƷɽ׾١
˻˵ԷɽնϣЩ˿ֱ̫ʱмصʿ֮˾ҪɽʣɾʱǾԸܵһɺһ̧ȥɫƽǵ˼Ѿ㹻ԣĸΥ棬ֻûȥ²ʡļһ̧˻
ʶҶСһ֣˶۵ʿʿɵȻĶҲڣ˾ͶͽԷܣҲδ̫Щˡ
Ҫ֪ҶСǱȶĹھ³ӶҪࡣ
ڹȻԻֻŵվ𣬵˵磬ҶС˵ֶĿһۣתͷķȥͷҲص˵ȻλϣҲóˡ
Ǻ˲ҳɣ׷ȥ߹ҶСʱҶС࿴ۡ


ʮ 
˻˵ԷɽնϣЩ˿ֱ̫ʱмصʿ֮˾ҪɽʣɾʱǾԸܵһɺһ̧ȥɫƽǵ˼Ѿ㹻ԣĸΥ棬ֻûȥ²ʡļһ̧˻
ʶҶСһ֣˶۵ʿʿɵȻĶҲڣ˾ͶͽԷܣҲδ̫Щˡ
Ҫ֪ҶСǱȶĹھ³ӶҪࡣ
ڹȻԻֻŵվ𣬵˵磬ҶС˵ֶĿһۣתͷķȥͷҲص˵ȻλϣҲóˡ
Ǻ˲ҳɣ׷ȥ߹ҶСʱҶС࿴ۡ

˲δִ½Ц˶һҶСʵѶ֪˴Ծ𾪣ڻ׼ıҲ⣬Ѿͷȶʱõĸ߽׷ɽȻ߽׷ɽǿ󣬵ǷɽƷԽǸߣҲԽǿҪԦԽѡɽƷһˮ룬һƷҪϵΪ˳ԦˣҶԨÿÿʹóʮֽɼһߡô̵ʱڰʦķɽٿصǰʵҲʵףҶС䲻磬ȴҲȷв֮˴αȻƾذ׵֮ȴҲɷԷɽļԦԶˣ
˸ոߣ˸ղһβҶСǵҲߵ̫˾ԭؼߵԶٳ
˵˻Ự½Ц컹ΪһͬʱҲ͸¶֮뷽ʶΪ⳾ԺߵĺܽҲʯһȥǼΣ
˱ץʱϢָЩߵлʲô˭֪ʱҶСȴǰֻԼƺԼϾޣƾԼʱʱ̱̿ҲԼӦ취ҲΪҲӵԱһע⣬ȥ͸£ǷʺĹǽԼҪ취׬ȡЩʯΪҶСԺԼԵĵҩҪҲ׼һݡ
ҶС˵ĶʱڣʿҲ½ˡлеʱǷֱһӣʱһȺһҶСɻôЩ˻쵽һʱ½Цܺʱ˵˵ȺǷɣˣ˵Ժͷɣߵĺܽ
Ǭ˼ˣڲԷ⳾ԺԺΪ׷ΪɣΪΪ˽һȨڰﲻϵȡͬˣǹˡ
󣬿ҶСȴûκ仯ҶСȴһźƣ˫۲Ѫ˿߬סϲ󣬶ɲűһ֮ǰͬƺһմѪԷ֮һϲͨҶСȴƲкá
ƺĳַӡֿ²Ǽ򵥽ô򵥡ǹʮֿ񱩣кǿ컯ӦԺԶȽϺáҶСɻʱδͻȻ
֪ԺʲôãƺҲʮʹģҶС
㿴Լ˿񣬱Ҳ֪һʲô¡˵
һѣҶСŷԭͬеļ˿жǿ־塣ʱŷ֣֮ǰһӣѡһѡȴ˾ȻһҲûг֡
ʱ½ЦҲЩȻ룬ϾҲӪˣһû߳ʱðɡЩ˸飬ǱϾͬţܶҲ߳ġǵ˼û٣Լһߵһû¾ҪȥҪס
ҶСˣæס½Ц죬עֺΧ½Ц侲ʱȥ鷳ͷעȥһˡ
ˣһԭѰʮʿУѾʧʮЩһʿԭδϣȴ׵ħСȻ˴δ滹Σգж߳ȥǸδ֪
⼸ȺʿҲ߲ƣҶСһ£ȥ

󣬱ֻصħʬ壬ͷħڰٳѨгֵݣֻļݸ˼֡
Ųϵڶħʬ嵱Уʱʿʬ壬ֻЩʬ岻ȫʬǱ˺飬ȫڣȻ˺߶һ붴ѨʯڵĽۣʱսж༤ҡ
ҶСÿ˺һöⶾҩΪȳ߶ҲԽŨҡʱĳЩĺδ֪ΣաΨһεľǰ·ʮʿѾɱˡ
ɻǰһ㣬Թһ㡣Һһ·ҶСħڵϵʬԹԱ֮ǰҪӴ󣬾ûκ赲ҶСҲ˴ʱŷǰĶںҫϻħ˻֮
һڣȻʣչҶСǰһΪĿյءڴ֮²֪֮˴һƬ㳡һĿռ䡣յ룬ʿΧһͷξ޴ͬԴʱɹɫмǸͷϴŽӲӵڣϴźۼסֱѾֻʣϵĲ֣һɽϵֵʿǵĹɽģҲӱʿȡġͷϲ֪жٴˣۼ𴦹ɹðѪһ˻
Χͬ˵ȻҲвʿʬ塣
ҶСĿһɨͷʱͼһͬһУƣҼϻһɺĿӡԱߵ˾ҲǽڵʿҶСæŶƵǰֻǵȺĿڻĳѿۿɼٶָš
ǽʿܵˣֻҪ㹻ڶʱ޸Ȼܵس̶ǳȵġѾܿҪָ˵ģ֪һ˿ڵ׻ָ˶á
ʮڸֲ֪ãôþȻδɱ治֪ʲôΪ
ʱΧ¼ʮˣʹɽ˲ʱ˲ٿŸʽҲʲôδٿأֻƾٻԪزΧ⼸ʮУʿڶѡ
һľԤϣŲòʹ߳սʮʿһֳ飬ַͷǼʮʿҶС֮ǰˡ
˶ΧͷЩʿƺҲռϷ磬Ѿֻܿأ˻ʱϼˡҶС˱ݲ֣˵ģƺҲϾҪָӡ
ᣬҶС㲻ս۵ļˡ۵ȻЩʿЩƽǺѼǳֵģҶСɵʮҲֻΡʱಫܹĦǵսԼҲǴкôġ֮£۵ľˣֻսвʱһɽÿÿ˴ÿһʹܵ˺һ֡ҿģȻδȫ


ʮ 
һ˽ս֮ʱȴͷƺҲ˵ƿ;֮ʱԽԽ࣬ܵҲԽԽء˺һ㣬׸
Ʋס˷ܣΪ󹦸֮ʱҶСʶȴͷϵδ˥ߣڿǱʽҶСܲõ仯ʿӦҲܷģƺǶʤͷֻƴϿڵһʱȡ
һѣ
ͻȻͷۿɼٶͻȻٸɱȥڲϹڶʿ֮ʣԭɸߵѾήֻҡεСƤۼҲʼԽԽͨ͸ƺһ͸Ĥһ㡣ɣ͸ıĤڣеɼһģһ
һоʿʱɣҪˣ
飬ÿԿ֮ҲԲͬÿһΣһɡͿҪףֻǲڻδ֮ʱЩʿɱ֮ʣѲǿͻƽסҲһ֮¡ڴʱ˿̽ףǼᶨ˱֮ġ
仯ʵ̫죬ֻ˸ոպͼǲ㱡Ĥ֮·ҫ۶ĿһС̫˲ʱмİĵ¹㳡ĺư硣
ҫ۶Ŀ̵˫ۡʿδӦΪһɼΪӴ񱩵ͻȻɢȥɢٶȲܿ죬ȴΧ㡣
Ȼ˫۱ڱ޷Ҳܲµͷųʲô¡Щʿãʱͷų⣬ʱһ۳ɵĲɫֱ㽫ԼСЩֻڵʿûôˣǻ޷޵û⣬ֻ÷׷ɢҪɢӿδھѱɣپ޷
ҶСߵʿͬһʱ׷˫ۣҲ׷״򿪻⣬ͬʱԼķԵֵͷŹҶСҲڵһʱȫ˻һУԼĻΪڵ
Ҳͬʱͷų˻⣬ȴ⿴ǰʿɵӣæִ֮зɳ߶ߵС졣СһɳͽԼǰļʿСȻҶСҲһͬС
Сǲ֮С֮ȴ̻Ÿ󷨣Ҫ֮ʱֻҪͬİضλɲӦ󷨡Сǳ׳֣һж٣ٵһżɣĿܼʮϰ٣˵Ϲдܽɴ֮УһҪǧö졣
ʱʩչ󷨵ԳŻԪȻޣҲڽ֮ʩչΨһˡģΣʱ̻ھԼȫסЩӡ
ڱ޷Ȼۿ֮ͷŵΪʶ֮ҶСȴһһīɫҺ壬Һ̺żΪ²⣬Ӧ֡ҺƴͷţԶпѾһ
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣
ǹۿҪռĶҺΧһȺʿ󣬺ܿͳҶСһСȺڽʿ
ŻԪ֧ڶҺϮ֮ʱȻųһȶ죬γһ񷶥һСͽ磬˻м䡣ŻԪϾֻ֮õĳ󷨣ʵ̫һɲǵĹŻԪĽڶҺĸʴѸٱ䱡䵭һṦ֮󣬾ͱ׸ʴơ
ת˲ռڵˡ㶼ıͷŵĶҺǡ
ҶСֻһȳǵĶҺɵıϮֱΧ֧һ̺ܵģֻáһԼ㱻ڶҺ֮С
Һܾ״;һƳ֮ȻⶾҺʱڣȴŷһȦڻܱתϵֿŶҺʴǱϾƴһܵȽԵͣǲСܱƣҶСʱҲǶҺɡ
ҶСΪ˻סǱ򣬽ڻܱƣֽȫתƵԵֿҺڡֻϺƸһճ֮һ㣬һȵոдӱܹĸܵЩճڲʴԼ壬ҪԼʳ̹һ㡣ҶСֿ֮⣬ͬǿڶıҪһƤĤȻҶСδȫɣƤҲʮǿŻԪĵĶҺӦ޷̫˺ġ
ҶСܣǿʿûôˡ⻺ɢȥſ۵Ķһʱ䳯ķȥ
ֻԭٺɫͷʱѾɱһȫѩ׵ͷһֻңͷıۣ֮ǰֱۡΪǿн׵ԭֱȫۣȻֻǰѡһֹƳ׷йԹһ㣬ͦأһ̧̬ۿͷʾһ˼оӱ㷢һ˻
ʿһ˺󣬵ƺ̫ҶСʶʮֵʱҲһ䵱УһԹĿʣµʿֱһ˼һҲǲһ죬Իס˼ʿ˳ʿӦֱǺ֮ˡĻסµӣǾʵ̫˺ȻȻЩʿȴ˲ᣬһҪ໥šʿƺΪ˻ס⼸Ҳ˲ᣬͬʱʹõķ٣ֻʣһ롣ЩδʿʿȫʬҪ˵Щʿ״Ժõľֻбʿסһˡʱһصȡҩŵһһ£ǹģƺҲǸ֮ˡ
ʿƺΪԶ׼ԳЩ󡣲Ǳڴ˴ָ֮ǰܵ˲δȬܴ˴ڵ˻ǲСġ
̧ȥռϵ¼ȫһֶɫճҺǣεͬռ䡣
ǣҶСƺ˺һ㣬δȺһ㡣ʱȴ˹עΪǽ׺ѩ׵δɱ
ڵ׻սĵ׻мأ
ǰڷһͲһΪƵ˻֮󣬾ֻǲʱһ˵ħеħҲ񣬴˴ʿȻҲдۣǱ壬ԼҲۿǲܻˡ뵽ҶСеһ˿Ī
ڳʮʿȻͬڣΪҲǲβġؼʱ̱㿴Ϊ졣
ǰȻǿнףԻᷢʱ䣬ƷһֵҲһ㼶ԭͷƷҩϼѲϣڽ׺ѾܴﵽƷҩҪ㲻ҲƳƷڵĵҩˡ
ʮʿڴˣһöηǸ⡣֮ǰδ˶ֻ˶ԵУδ⣬ȴɱﵣʹʿûսвֻҪλʿȡöˡ˵Ʒһʯܹ֮˭ˣȻ͸һֻȨ
ڽʿСΪȴͣǽеļжĽʿеһˡ
Ƭ֮ǰıԽͳƺҲʱš


ʮ 
ͻȻʿбһһҲ֮ˣһ˾ǻסʿͻȻ䣬Իһ⣬ֱǰȥȻֻܷӲƽʱһս˺սѾƿ;İȴ㹻ʱǵĿѾնɱսѲԭǰ㴦໥λϣǲ赲һ¡սۿҪߵͷΪ˼໥ǣƣһֱܸһ
ҶС񣡡ͻȻҶСԺ𣬡׼һ㴴ᣬ㿴׼ʱ
ǣҶСʶм̴漴㻺ת׼ʱԼܣͬʱڵҲٶ̶ȡͬʱ˹עս⣬ִʱҲ񲻶ӦҲյָͬʾ
ҲƴһսȻƾ𵤡ΪͬرĲ죬һʿġ
ʱֻץסᣬһնаӲףѹѵӲӦ顣һ˷ųһֲ棬ֱ̽ӲУһţ㱻һʿһնء
һƬѪ֮УһŹâӤȭͷСһ㴿覵԰ڷɳ
֣ʱִ
һʱˣҶСǣӰһԭر汼ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳԭر𣬻һⱼӷȥ
ʿжʱҲֳһ̰ȴʵᣬֻɿš
ʹֲʿҪֻһնֱնϵֻ֣Ҫסʹֲ֮˱ɡֺγûҶС֣һնʱҶСķõĽֻҪҶСȻ̫˵صĻ
ܵΪأڿƺȷʣսΪǿһʱʩչһסҶСȥ·ͬʱԼ˲ƶףȻ⼸Զ׷ȴǡǡһƵס󱳣һⱬǣ͵˲ٶȿһࡣ
˭Ҳδ뵽ᾹȻ䵽ʿϡ
ǧһ֮ʣҶСۼߵĽ͵ǰȴϾرܣ廢ϻһХʷɳҪ潣ֵܵʿĽҶСƾҲɵֵܶòϣʿ֮ĽʿҲòԴԴע⣬ȻֵסĻƴЩҲҪ
ʱ廢ϻ潣תͬһһɿΧǵ߮ǽͬʱǣǵƫԭĿ귽潣һǿ֮޷ֵ֮ʱ㾡ʹ֮ƫĿ꣬СĹ
Ȼ潣֮ǵƫԭĹǲǽһɽĻɽ˻ɿƷɽ򣬵ǽľͺٿˡ˱ֻǵˡһܵıԵһҫ
ҶСջǸ߹ǽȴδٻ廢ϻ꣬ǵʱ廢ϻ꽣гө֮ǣȻҶСڷɽֻ廢ϻͬһ⻮ֱնȥ
ҶСĴ˾ٵǴ󵨣һʿ˶ǰͬҲҪһ棬ֱӵģȻͬպҲҶСĵȴҲףαػǰʣɴˣõʵʵġ
ҶС˾ٵȻáɱһ⣬Ҳ˶֮ؾȻֱӳӽΪһ֮Эɵü죬ֻķɽδҶСķɽѾһնոյٶƾͱƣ޷ʱֵֻԷɽһ廢ϻ꣬Լڰһתǡǡܵ廢ϻķâٶȴҲʱ
ҶСǸֳһ˿΢Ц·ɽٶȼӿٶȣղһ˸滢൱뵹Ƕֻ࣬мʮ׶ѡ⼸ʮףҪһ˲֮£һ˲˾ɰܵĹؼ
ɲһֱҶСķɵģֻҪҶС廢ϻסһ˲׶ܹ廢ϻâ廢ϻȴϰݣҶСָһϻʱΧƴ˸Ȧնȥ
ʮҲһΪ׾ͱҶСȥ廢ϻٶȹȴƺûҪٷֵģͬɽʣֱҶСնȥԼһһʢȻڵҲɴڴ¾һ׼¡࣬зйиƵȵȸãҲ廨ţɷҲǺܴһܴ࣬ϵôǷƷ
ҶСϼ֣аԼƾôԼᣬ϶ȻַӦоеġٶ˲ٶ廢ϻһնºǼ¾ȻԶͷųͬһܽġ
ֵϸֳһЦݣĵҶСΪҲᣬʵڲ廢ϻ޷·ķɽѾֱҶСȥҶСٻطɽֵֻѡܣȻۿҪƵķҲ޷ֵһġ
ķɽһƥɳҶСȴҲ㣬ûзȴǿʧһطѿҶСһʿǿ벻ֵɽȷڱʿĽһΣȻһ㱻ɽƣķɽҪҶСʱȴֻҶСֻȭȭۣâ䣬ұۼúƽʯ
ƣ
ֻһŭȣҶСһȭķɽķɽƷȻҶСķɽҶС˰ڳ֮˳ֻ֮΢⣬ȫɵۣǽʿҲֱӶϷɽģʱˡ
ҶСȭͷԷɽҲʱ⣬һɡ֮ǰоЩͽ׷ɽ֪˶ٴΣһȭҲнģȭͷʵʲֱӺǷɽĽ⣬һ΢΢бĽǶȺǶǡǡʹԷķɽƫ뵽ԼͷϷһȭҲں˹潣УȻθһȭ͵ֵһ߽׷ɽһȥƴĵزöصɺҲ䵽
ȭͷЮϵһŵİɽ
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ȻһɽնƵ⣬ۿҪնҶСȭͷɽδУЯɵĻѹǿȺ䵽ҶСȭͷ֮ϡҶСȭЯ䱻ƣȴҲʹǷɽз΢ı䣬ֻô̴ٵʱҲ޷ӦõķɽѾıˡڳ˰ʿʱҲһĻֻȭδഥҶСϵѱɢԺ
䣡
ȭһҫҫֻ֮ҶСȭƣѽյУķɽһȭҶСƫ˵ĴоֱϷƫȥǡǡҶСͷڰշ£˵һ붴ڣ
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˶ǰһĻȵ˵ٻطɽɽʧȥһ뵽ʯ֮С


ʮ Ե
ҶСһУ󡣲ȥܣһʱ佫뻳С濴˻УʵѾ͵ϸ֮СҲϸ˵һ֮ͬȻԶϸӰȫ
·񣬼ȻѾҶСУĿ֮ȻͲȥᡣһ֣ʱлϲһʱҶС࣬һ
ǺǣλǰȻֻһöҷصɺ˵η䡣֣ЩϲɫöֵͬѰʱףռֵûо֮֮ͨ˶ҲƳƷҩҲ˵׼ƷҩǿԶԽʿҲдõĵҩⷬҲǿ⡣鵤ڶݵڿмеģʯõġ
´ַ䷽ҲĬ׳ɵģʿȻҲ˵ġֻŻȥ˶ҪɴһʡҪ̽ǸСʿԴΪΪʵ̫Ѱٹ׽𵤳ɹ¶һĽɫ
Ȼдҷ緶Ȼոʧۣ֮ȴҲֻǵȻһЦʿȥ
ȥȻóǵʱõȼƷǰڵ޾ȻûԣҲƷҲҵġǰʬķ仹Ҫ飬޷Ǹȡ裬ѡҪλˡ
ʬ御ֵܼԶöʮʿ˴յʱ֣ηҶС˶δʣֻʱһɫռ˲ٱˡ
ְʬηʱʿҲ½ʿ֮ʱЩʿҲЩ̾ʱľʧ
һ֮һʿʮʿĴ̤˷ص·ֻ̡ԭİңȴֻʣһңʧʿԸߵģ֪ϵϲɫʱֻܹڷص·Ҳá
ʧһֱ߳ħδһʿʿʬ嵹ҵ˲٣кܶѾѵĲӣĸɵġ

֮ɵʿУֻ֮ⷵʱֻ˸·һ˽
ҶСʶ֮רĽ̸š
㿴ֵһʱҶС㽫ϸϸеš
ǵĻֱ׼ǿ߼ɡƷҩҲǸƷĵҩƷҩϼ֮ƷһԴЦ˵㵹ǴкôΪֲܲˡ
ҶСЦһ˵ǺǣҲˣһöڶʿƴᣬȻֳһЩʵҲֵõġ
һ֮ʱҶСڿǷпܽԼ˼룬û뵽κΰ취һö˵ֵ̫ˡƷҩǶԽʿͻƽ𵤣ԪӤҲаġƷҩԽʿΪҲá
鵤ԽǸ߽̺Խǿ󣬵ҩȴԽº͡ҶСʱðƷҩЩǵҶСƷҩĻ̫աͬڷƷҩҲСһЩ
ҶСתһĻı˵Ļƺʵѵʲô취
Ѳµһ㣬˵Ҿ֪㲻Ľ˳ȥҵһ㽫еΪСɾͷˣܶɻмֲƽͿǷԸˡ
˵ʵгҶԨ⣬˵ԼΪɵӣҶСû̫顣µҲ໥ãĹϵˡһҶСǰǰܵĴɿײ
ҶСһ˵ɶҵ壬кβԸġҴ˴ħУȥм˼ǵҡ
áЦһ˵ֻ֮ħҲѧȥ֮Ҳд壬֮⣬ȴʹáȡŵرһװ취ΪáȻΪ壬޷˷ȴԽеݴϸ֮Сպ
廹ַҶСоȣȻֱֿȡŵرķֲȡԣɲҪƻˣһҪȥġ
Ȼãѡ˲֪ǧ꣬ʱ䶼УڴȴҲδж죬ҶСŻȴԴǲһ¼ģñ
ۿҪصɣȥҶСҪϽɣ˵һ㿪ʼȡеһöǿ߼ߵȫҶСգΪֱܵڣΪҶС̫⣬ڣҲ˵㣬Ǵһľ硣Ҫ𵤣ͱ뽫ͬſԡ
֮ΪҪԽ󾳽ͱҪ塢ͬﵽҪſɣֻҪһﲻҪ󣬱ᱻƶ޷סνڽϴƣҲҶСǿսΪܹڵΪӲʿ
ҶС֮ʱҲֻԺ̸ȴܽʶ̽ϸ֮йۿȻԹĦһ£ֻܵȴԺǷлˡ

ɣ
ǰһҶСǸոջصɣһڶǱ㱻ٵϡǬڸλʧʮʿ󣬱м־뵡ɫ˼֡Ľʿȴƺûʲô̫Ӧ෴õʱǬ˲δкαʾʿ϶¶һڴ
ֻӻóһУ򿪺󣬽乧ǬǰֻһöɿܻὫƳ鵤ãȴ㣬ΪǬһٷõҩͬҶԨҪһ㡣УöȻҪ͸ڵĳһλʿġڵǬҲ֪˴ξĳ̶ֳҲѡɽҪиһɡ
Ƿ⳾ԺԺӸλĽʿҲЩʿ˱֣ʿҲΪԼԺһŽšȫȫע˶Ǭôš
˵ģҶСвⰵúЦֻſõʹ֮õʲôˡ
Ǭ̧ͷɨһȦƬ̣ڿڵҶԨѾɳأøʦƷҩ׵ʹͣҲչΪҲȥɡ
ɵۣҲûµҶԨôѾأҽ׳ɹˡ
ҶСʱҲǺĪпЦáû뵽ƵԼҶԨͷϣ¾ãֻܽһˣԺҪһỹ
Ǭ˵ľڳʿûм⣬ȴû˸ڷʣµʱҪԴ˴βʿ۹ˡʧ쳣أĽҲ߳ࡣҶСΪɶ֮ˣȻҲΪ񡣲öʯرصİѡһ


ʮһ 
ʯöҶСѾǳϵĴֱʡȻϸڵÿһҩֵֹڴˣδ˶ʯһʵöʯöϺõİƷҩֵѣǰҶСȻѣڶ˵ȴû̫ˡϸųãͷЩҩһҩöȫȥҲܿΪһöʱҲʡȥҶСҪΪĵҩ취⡣
رڣҶСǰһų֮ϣһڷѾƵİ顣ںҲ߼ޣûľ磬ʱǻḯģһɾͽֳݣ˳Է
ǰɫ״죬ѾǰϺδ֮ĶҶСʱ˿գֲòЩ֪Ҫѡһ
ҿҲǸһЩֵʱ˵ҶС
ôҶСһЩɱ񣬵ôܿһƴƤ״Ķģɡ
Ȼ֪ѡʲôã˵ģػǻôġ

ħա
᰷塣
ҶСÿճ⣬͵͵ܳɣĽȥ˼Σ˼ΰϸڵĳҩĲϡ
ֽκɣһЩϴӪҶСͻȻôҩóȻóɣ˲Ȼ鷳ҪܵɽµĽΪ˰ȫ˼ν϶һá
֮ɵʿУֻ֮ⷵʱֻ˸·һ˽
ҶСʶ֮רĽ̸š
㿴ֵһʱҶС㽫ϸϸеš
ǵĻֱ׼ǿ߼ɡƷҩҲǸƷĵҩƷҩϼ֮ƷһԴЦ˵㵹ǴкôΪֲܲˡ
ҶСЦһ˵ǺǣҲˣһöڶʿƴᣬȻֳһЩʵҲֵõġ
һ֮ʱҶСڿǷпܽԼ˼룬û뵽κΰ취һö˵ֵ̫ˡƷҩǶԽʿͻƽ𵤣ԪӤҲаġƷҩԽʿΪҲá
鵤ԽǸ߽̺Խǿ󣬵ҩȴԽº͡ҶСʱðƷҩЩǵҶСƷҩĻ̫աͬڷƷҩҲСһЩ
ҶСתһĻı˵Ļƺʵѵʲô취
Ѳµһ㣬˵Ҿ֪㲻Ľ˳ȥҵһ㽫еΪСɾͷˣܶɻмֲƽͿǷԸˡ
˵ʵгҶԨ⣬˵ԼΪɵӣҶСû̫顣µҲ໥ãĹϵˡһҶСǰǰܵĴɿײ
ҶСһ˵ɶҵ壬кβԸġҴ˴ħУȥм˼ǵҡ
áЦһ˵ֻ֮ħҲѧȥ֮Ҳд壬֮⣬ȴʹáȡŵرһװ취ΪáȻΪ壬޷˷ȴԽеݴϸ֮Сպ
廹ַҶСоȣȻֱֿȡŵرķֲȡԣɲҪƻˣһҪȥġ
Ȼãѡ˲֪ǧ꣬ʱ䶼УڴȴҲδж죬ҶСŻȴԴǲһ¼ģñ
ۿҪصɣȥҶСҪϽɣ˵һ㿪ʼȡеһöǿ߼ߵȫҶСգΪֱܵڣΪҶС̫⣬ڣҲ˵㣬Ǵһľ硣Ҫ𵤣ͱ뽫ͬſԡ
֮ΪҪԽ󾳽ͱҪ塢ͬﵽҪſɣֻҪһﲻҪ󣬱ᱻƶ޷סνڽϴƣҲҶСǿսΪܹڵΪӲʿ
ҶС֮ʱҲֻԺ̸ȴܽʶ̽ϸ֮йۿȻԹĦһ£ֻܵȴԺǷлˡ

ɣ
ǰһҶСǸոջصɣһڶǱ㱻ٵϡǬڸλʧʮʿ󣬱м־뵡ɫ˼֡Ľʿȴƺûʲô̫Ӧ෴õʱǬ˲δкαʾʿ϶¶һڴ
ֻӻóһУ򿪺󣬽乧ǬǰֻһöɿܻὫƳ鵤ãȴ㣬ΪǬһٷõҩͬҶԨҪһ㡣УöȻҪ͸ڵĳһλʿġڵǬҲ֪˴ξĳ̶ֳҲѡɽҪиһɡ
Ƿ⳾ԺԺӸλĽʿҲЩʿ˱֣ʿҲΪԼԺһŽšȫȫע˶Ǭôš
˵ģҶСвⰵúЦֻſõʹ֮õʲôˡ
Ǭ̧ͷɨһȦƬ̣ڿڵҶԨѾɳأøʦƷҩ׵ʹͣҲչΪҲȥɡ
ɵۣҲûµҶԨôѾأҽ׳ɹˡ
ҶСʱҲǺĪпЦáû뵽ƵԼҶԨͷϣ¾ãֻܽһˣԺҪһỹ
Ǭ˵ľڳʿûм⣬ȴû˸ڷʣµʱҪԴ˴βʿ۹ˡʧ쳣أĽҲ߳ࡣҶСΪɶ֮ˣȻҲΪ񡣲öʯرصİѡһ
ʯöҶСѾǳϵĴֱʡȻϸڵÿһҩֵֹڴˣδ˶ʯһʵöʯöϺõİƷҩֵѣǰҶСȻѣڶ˵ȴû̫ˡϸųãͷЩҩһҩöȫȥҲܿΪһöʱҲʡȥҶСҪΪĵҩ취⡣
رڣҶСǰһų֮ϣһڷѾƵİ顣ںҲ߼ޣûľ磬ʱǻḯģһɾͽֳݣ˳Է
ǰɫ״죬ѾǰϺδ֮ĶҶСʱ˿գֲòЩ֪Ҫѡһ
ҿҲǸһЩֵʱ˵ҶС
ôҶСһЩɱ񣬵ôܿһƴƤ״Ķģɡ
Ȼ֪ѡʲôã˵ģػǻôġ


ʮ 嶾
᰷塣
ħҶСÿճ⣬͵͵ܳɣĽȥ˼Σ˼ΰϸڵĳҩĲϡ
ֽκɣһЩϴӪҶСͻȻôҩóȻóɣˣȻ鷳ҪܵɽµĽΪ˰ȫ˼ν϶һá
򣬲ڴˣ˵Ǽ˰ɣ
ոմɽµĽҶСԺж˵ֻǰİڷι״ƷвһЩŵرǰĶҲȻС
û뵽ڶķ֮ؾȻҲܰЩȫЩ⡣ԴȣļҶСǰЩȻ㲻Ͼ󣬵ȴҲЩϡƷҪ뻹治׵ġ˵壬ǰոսףΪȻһףȷδô󡣵ǰóʹⶾҵǿܻмô
ҪҶСѡöңȻҪҶСδϰԭǴ㻨ЩʯרŵʦæƵģȴֹˡΪ˵ҪҶСƵƷѰ֮ȻҲѰƵǷ룬֮ȴӽֻҪҶСԼֱɡ
ҶС˴ҪƵķΪ嶾˴嶾ָЫߡ򼡢֩롢ֶ嶾Ǽֶ֮ƶɣԹеķԣȻѰȴΨһϧǣ嶾һԵķһʹһΡ
嶾У߶ȻǴӰĶ߼ޣóʹĶо߶涾ޱȣҲǴ˴嶾ĺ֮֩붾Ǵӱ𴦵ǴһֱҶСϸеİĿϵġĿҶСϸ֮գҲ֪ε̣ʹðĿղ˯ڳԡĿʵҶСϸеԴҲҶСǴǰµöľй¶ܹʹϸеҩʵҲֻϧȻҶСϸ֮УȴΪգҶСڸѼˡȻ˰Ķ⣬ֶƷ׶̫ߣȴԶȡʤĶֶصںƣʹ֮໥һ
ҶС֮ͼΪ죬ָ㣬Ȼǵһ嶾ȴû˿ķգӿ¯ƵʱƳɹ
ҶС֮Уһö󣬻ڣӳʵСİڷƳɵ嶾˵Ī嶾ƺ棬ȴвʿҲǣǰĶҺͶԽʿмвеĶؾĶƵ嶾ȻԸǿ󡣶սʱֻҪ嶾עֱ֮ɡ
˵嶾Ϊδ˵෨أҶС񲻻ԵʵԣĻǲɻ
嶾֮ʵ֮һ֧̫֮аڵĴɶɣԲȥаļʶûҲԴмĽ͵ֽ͵οҲܵõҪ֪嶾ĶﶾԳȵġ
ҶСתһ룬ҲͬҲѹ֣ǸĶңֶҲʯļֵֻ˳ôһһԷûЩҲ˵ȥˡ
嶾û˿֮ϵĲɹȴǼ룬ҲҶСΪζչȥθСֱղŴЩϵԭ
ҶСΪһͼܹɨʿ˲ž嶾ƺҲûرǿʵرĲ࣬ýʿ˻ƾΪ˺ǵķڣʳѾ˼ҲнŪֵġ

ЩҶСڸ֮⣬ǲϵ衣ҲǼʮľ֮ʱֱҲƼʮöѡǰѾȥһЩѾĵĲ࣬ҶСɫ磬ȥϪԺĵҩȥ
ϪԺҶСֻǰΣЩ᰷ġڶȥϪԺȴƺû̫仯ҶСһ˳ҵ֮
ھԺڣʿΪеĴҲǲͬġһڶǶһļǵԺͻжľõľҵȵճãͬ׵ʿΪԽߵģ֮ԽŨ֮Ȼ᰷ֻҶСһˣĴȻ֮еġ
ҶСʱҲǷȶȡͷ˴󹦣棬ڴ÷׷ϪԺŮԽ϶࣬ҶСһϪԺ㱻ĽϺãݽŮԶԶƼǼŮԶԶĶҶСָָ㣬ҶСʱȴ㿪һϪԺ֮ʱҶСָָͬ㣬ʱ֮˿ȴ˸췭ظı仯
ҶСո֮⣬ͼһӭҲǸòģļˣǱˣʦ㣬ҶԨġʦáһֱҶԨ꣬ҶԨȻδ˵ȴҲĵ׶ܣҲá
ƼҶС񣬱µѰģҶС˵ȻһЦ˵ҶʦܣþòءѰõģǵĻҪһˡ
ʦҽģѵڣҶСص
أұҲҪõģǸո˵ʦȥһͬȥˡżε˵ŴɵˣƺΪö顣ֻǲ֪ʦΪҪҲһȥ
ԭֽţֻǿѣɵѾöǿŷϵˡҶСһ£˵֪ȥ˶ãûõĻҾ´
һȥˣӦҲˡҶʦû¾͵ȵɡЦһЦֵҶʦܼߣʲô鲻ңûԻһʱתġ
ҶСʩһ˵Ǻðɣ鷳ʦҹͿˡ
İɣһȴһЦϧòڣȻ֪ҶʦῪĲѡ
Ժʱ䣬Ҷ᳣ġҶСҶԨͱ˵٣ҶСҲֻԴһЦǵǾʦˣȻˡ
˵գҶСʩһ񣬲תȥȻڣҲֻܵ´лٸҩˣŴãʲôϵЩ˲²ԵɡеӣҲҶСģȴ˿֪Ŵ֮¡
ҶСڻûص᰷壬ڰ·סɵʹߣҪȥġ
ȻҪȥֻǲ֪Ҫȥʲô
ҶС̾һʹߣµǽȥġϾ˿£һöֵʮɶݵ£򶨣ҲҪЩ˼ɵġô㣬֮£Ҳֻ֮ͬǰѯʱһ㣬һ֪ǡ


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ϣʱʮʿۡʿ⣬㶼Ŵɵʿˡ
Ǭɸλʿࡣ
λȻǿŷϵձǡҵҲҪΪ¾Ҳ˷ȡֻһ˵һͬնɱǵʿȻֶʿ̸֮ʱȴ޸ϵһ˫ֱֱֻһ򡣴ʱУӳһӰǲǱˣ
һ㱻סһֱòڣһۣһ̧ȴ˫۾һģ֮ʱƺһ˫һҲֻﰵвһ˫˼ҿڼ仹ʦҪ뿪ȴԱ
ʮʵһɣѾ̬Ҳ׷׸ͣʾ׷֮¡
ĸԶɽ񲻹һʮ꣬ڰǰŸոս׽ڣ֮Ľ죬Ѿǽ𵤺Ϊڶݿνе֡γǽ𵤺ʿרֻ˳ϳƺšƾ𵤺ʿ벻ʢСοԶɽ츳ǼпڰڽԪӤġ
ǬˣŹɴ˴ȶпǳλֲţԵ츳ʮΪ޴֮һ֮ڽ׵Ϊͷ˵ħҲǴŹʣ治ֲ֪̳࣬ţǺη֪ܷˣҲҵȼһ֮¹ȥ֮󣬱ᵽҶС
ʵ˴Ŵ£һȷǷɴ˵ǰֻǿŷϵһ±ҪҶС񣬿Ǹʲô˴˴ÿɶ˲ʿһóһóˡ
ڶݵʮжŵλãΪǬԪ˽׵𵤺Ϊλҡݵô࣬ӡǿ˭ȫʵġҶСڽ׵ڣɵλþͻ᲻ˡ˵Ǭ˵ĹŵҶԨҲ׵˽ڡνΣǬԪ֮ʱˡΣȴҲ𻯵ˡ
Ǭ˽ɺһע࣬ǸȴҲ֪ԼԪһֱһֱڷ˼ԼƹɺΪһֱδʹǿ󣬷˺˵Ρ⼸һֱıһܹʹ˵ļƻֻǵڣδɹʱŶҶСٶȻع飬ĹŵҶԨ׽𵤣ʹֶһϣҪҶСȻȻӦҶСıĿõģǴ˴ʵҪжҶС񵽵ʲôΪڣ¶ЩҲһáˣٻҶСһ¡

ţҶʦѾˡֻһɵӹԴֽŵЩ꣬ûĳ棬ô𵤸ͬʱ֡
ɡֻǬʮ˵
ʿǣ˳ȥһСᣬҶСϡ
ҶСʶǿ󣬸һ߽㷢ʶޱܻĳɨʵԽġʱȴɲֵ̫棬˻ɡĶ֪ϼһȣԼָ㣬̫ˡвעͿ¶š
ҶС񣬽Ϊĸλǰһ㡣ڴнҲǰָָ㡣ҶСδ˵Ǭ˵ָʾ
ҶСһܣִ񹧾˵С׳ˡҶС廢ϻ꽣һɳʡҶС潣ߣڴֻ֮廢ϻ꽣ͬû˺ҹе⣬ɫĻɽʱͳǣлХ֮ʱˮ㣬߮ȴƫƫݡ
ҶСȻڴʱ潣ʾֻʱ⣬衣轣ʱȴڰעħҶСʤһƺһֱδ⣬ֻҶСյ֮ʱһֱֱۣĳȥǱҶСȻνĻͲܲˡ˳ϣȱʵǲףɼʦȴЦݣȻвĬмԵģ
һҶСջ廢ϻ꣬ȻվãִȻ˵׾׳ˡλǰĪҪЦ
ҶС轣֮ʱʿȫע֮ǰЩ̽ҶСʶʼնδ뿪ƺҪҶС̽ͨ͸һ㡣
ҶСʱչʾĽǬҲɫϻǫ˵Сͽļ׾Խɹ¡λЦˡС㵽ɡ
ɽ˲ųǺη˵֮ǰҪҶС֮ˡҶС轣֮ʱԽɫԽѿʱȴƫƫЦݡ
ĬĬߵǬҶСϸϸ۲еˡֻʱ֮еʮλʿУֻڣ֮⣬ֻһſר˾ȹʿˡΪҪΪλڴ˴񣬼ϳ飬Ǹ޶۵˴ʱҲ³˾ŲʮˡǺǳѾ˽˹ʶ¹Ȼֻʿ֣Ȼеĸ߲Դ¶֪ˡ
κ뷨ڻҶС²⡣֮ǰΪڵҶСһ֣ƺҵĹǣֻʱʱ͵͵̧۳ҶСȥڼ轣֮ʱרעҸ顣
ʱҶСһƬҶС²⣬ǿܣҶСȻǱȲġʱɸ߲㣬Ҳпܲܵġ

һʿ̸ЩҶСδ̫ϡֻһֱ˼Ǻã²⵱棬ԼҪӦԡ
ͷѹ֣ҶСĵȻ֮ǰΪͣͲǰʱûһ˿취ֻ֮͡ʱһ޶ĸܡʱƺ̫˳̫⣬ʹԼѾЩƮƮȻȴԼֻǸʿﻹֻǸӶѣãҲʱʵʵĲ࣬ʵĲ˸˵ܷԼСǬˣȻԪᣬȴȻһְѳɱĴȨǰöݸΪ֮֮ʮʿĶ֮ȴֻ赭дһ仰˿˼Ժ֮ĸܣ͸ҶԨʵĲ࣬ƿ˵Ҳǳ˵ȨҶСƿر˵ûȤȴϲԼ˰ڲĸܣͬҲԼҪ˳Ϊ˵ӡҶԨ
ȥҶСֻǵÿǽָоȴЩϸ΢òɲı仯ǱĬĸıԼҲ˵Ҳ˵Լĸܣǲ²ģҲܵġ
ҶС˼֮ʣõľŴ̸ϡڼɢȥ֮ʱȴǵɤӣЦ˵󣬻һϲ£Ҫ͸λѯʵĿУЦ˼˵ǺǺǣνӼˣ˴С϶ˣһǾǣҪֶǵһףǺǺǣصڸλҲˣŮɳʦõĸͽʦֶֶԴħʱʦֶһ󣬱˶һ㣬նʦֶǺǺǣѯʹʦõ˼ȻСãҲ塣ڴʾǬ˵˼
߸˵꣬ڵĸʿ׷޵һϲ¡֮Ҳϡ棬ֻԶɽӣشˡ


ʮ 
ҶСɾվǬǵʿЦĴʴʣ˵ĸ͡ǳҲ˵ĸ֡áʱҶСȴֻڳǿͷ˵ʦҲԸ⣡ҲԸ⣡
ʿĽ׼ƶȼΪϸֳûо²ǾóȻġɴʮ꣬ѱֽ׼Ӱ룬оǰٸԸҲҴֻܿںƽն۰мӵʦһ棬ȻЩƤȴ棬һһʦ򲻵ѣҲֱ̫ӵΥ档
ҶСƽÿһ仰һشݺݵĴġٿ۵þҪѪЩˣʦ֮ΪֶεҶСܹ⣬ϾУʵ˵ʸʦͽ֮ʲôǣҪҶСҪ֮˵ȴ׽ܡҶСҧأ˫ȭսָ׼ҪƵƤһ˫ᶨʱڿǬ˻־ʱıǬ˲ûзѯ˼ǿáǿȣǿȨѹƣҶСƴҲ֮һú³
ˣһϲ£һƬϵĵϲУǬһЦ˵СֶΪҿӦѾﵽڣҪ׼˰ɣ꣬Ҳʦԣĸ֡ǬԿ䣬СʹϻϲСֶҲ䡣ǳʦõĵӣȻʦȻͬ⣬Ҳ飡ʹ˶£
ϲͬϲͬϲǺǣϲ
Ǭ˻һ䣬ڱ㿪ʼ໥ףءֵȻɺ֮ˡ
ʱڱû뵽չҲ۰мӵǬ˴ʱҲ˵ֻ죬ϸֳһ˿˻Ϊ뿪ˣȴȻֱߵģڵأᶨ˵ˣкΰ߾ȫܣǴʱҲͬ⣡
ԭϲնʱϣֻһΣæ˸Ц˵Ǻǣǿ⺢ӻءֶȵ
˵ˣҲԸ⣡˺ʦҪǿңɼҡ
Ҫ˵֮ʱȴֻſ죬ȴ˵ˣжסһ㡣ز֪λֽסжֻҶС֪ˡҶСȴǳʶĳ⳾һۡ
ˣȥٺú룡Ķ溰ЦǵʿѾͷ֮ǰ˵úúõģ֪ôˣȥȰȰǡվ£ѡӡ
䣬߽ʿȥʱĻδ˵꣬ҶС첽룬סˣ˵ţ˵꣬ԽָսӴʱҶСʶͳ̽ʶ֮УȻʶзһƣ治֪ƺʱչģȻ˲ʹһʿû֪ڵΪʶǿѲһĽʿҶСһת̽ʶһɣֱֱǽȥǽʵΪҶСһ̽ɽƵ⵹ˡû뵽ⱡһƣͿôãԽ˵ʶ
ǽһƵʶҲͻָһۡһۣͿҶС׽ǰԭʣʱ£ί¼
ûˣءҶСģ˵
һֹסͻȻԼæһҶСı䣬Լվ
ף⣿
ٶѣĽʿţոǱʶƣδר֮ĻҲƽģôܱҶСڵСëͷ׻⣿Ҳδγ֮֡ǽ֮еһ֧רʶеĳֽơ
ҶСһֵŵһЩˣʶʹ϶ΪΣգ½ƻƽ⣬Ҫ㹻İղſʩãԷ̫󣬺ܻܿᱻԼĽɣԼ̫󣬾ͿܻὫԷʶ˺̫󡣶ҶСƽղδϰʶ֮Ȼ֪лôΣգֻǿʶƲǿԼΪƽ⣬㽫׻ˡȻܴﵽЧҲΪΪһ
ҶСһܣǲԸ⽫˹Ǵʱ˿ȴòչ¶ԼһЩˡΪٶԼеķ
ҶС˽ƣΪȵĻ⳾ڷӡƳһ̱Ӧʱһ˫۽ҶС񣬲Ծֶֻսӵķ֮ϡֹ֮޵һղŵĽ£Ҳôһʿ׻ģ
ˣʦ壬岻ʣȴȥҶСִ˵̧ͷһ˫ֱӳ˵ʦ壬˵Ը⡣ҶСϣлʶپֱ񣬼Ϊ𺳣
԰գҶСתֱȥ
ҶСһֳˣ˵һڽʿǰ㵨ΪȻϹΪȴѾǶͬųĴ󲻾ӡֻ뿪˲
Ӹλ꣬Ѿ֪ûбӹοԷǸʿ
յչӲѹŭ˵ҶС˵ͽܣλӦ˵ΪţҶСһ˱ֲ֪ȥҲ˶ҶСĽ̵ʹһƽҲߵ̫մȾûûµϰλĪҪ֡
һˣźȻǸΪɲ⣬ڰһȵʢһһɨŴ֮ˡ˴Ӻδ³Ǭ֪ɶΪδǿ֣Ϊ˴ˣԺɵĵλؽٶǴʢԺ󣬾δˡû뵽ҶС˵ͽܣ˼ҶСûеõʦָһ㡣˵ͽܣЩҲ˵ùȥû̵ָ´ﵽ˾磬δЩ̫ˡ

ҶСδֱͻϪԺֱӴ᰷塣
С硭죬˵
ҶСͷοûˣܻа취ġ
ʮ˵ǵһΥʦ𣬴˴ĳϹΥ棬в𡣶ֵʦǱ޵ȥֿʼΪʲôʦǱҪҼ޸ôأǰʦġ
Сϻϲ֮츳ͣϪԺó۰ʮһֱѳһ㣬ͻȻЩܲˡ
ԵնȻҲһЩȴû۰ʦͻȻҶСΪͣʮѼö࣬Ȼûʲôܲ˵ġҶСЦ˵ˣӵġЩ˶ãȴΪãҲǳڸָĿģҲЩˣΪãҲΪʲô鵽˺͸ı˳ԡʦϾʮʦͽ֮飬ҲΪиõĹޣŲִͬҪ޸ġ֪Ը⣬ҲصϪԺͲҲ˵Ҫ̫ˡ


ʮ ӿ
ҶС˻Щɸ˵䣬ȴ־ú͵˵Щ̫̣㻰һתǳ˵ûҲЩ׽вҲĸΪŮãŮԼ뷨Ȣôһ룬ﷴһЩ
ֹסЩġʦǼҪҼ޸أ
ҪˣءҶСͷ΢Ц˵ڵҲûãܻа취ġصϪԺٿʦ̬Ⱥ˵ɡ
صһͷգգ۾ɻˣС磬ǻôͻȻû֪ѹ㡭
˵ҶСʱ֮£־Щߣʱһ죬ͷȥ
Ӧĳ𵤸ʶ֮˽ƣסʶѾƳˡҶСʱĽƣͻȻ뵽ԼҲЩӣȴδϰʶӦ֮ڹںʶʵҲֻǳ÷ѡ
ҶС˵ѾܹƳڸֵĽƣиһֳݡ
ҶСʶ֮ȻԼôʱ֮¡һ񣬾ͼһ˫Ĵ۾ԼʱҲЩŤæһƫͷóװС˵ЩҽƵģȥ
裿Уʱŵҩ𾪡ûôһ𡣡С磬ôô裿
ͲˡЩӦùüˣȷãΪ
Ҳ̫ˣʱ䣬ǲҪͣ踨ȻҶС֮ǰùһЩҲôֱʵģ˵öͺãʣµĻǸСԼðɡ
Ǻǣ˵˲㵣ģԼеġҶСǺһЦ˵Щñ˿ˣһҪ˽á
Ǻðɣһܣ
ֺҶС˵˻ỰԼûϪԺˡȻΥʦ˼ȻԼҪ֣Ҳһȥʦǡ

ҶС뿪ûã˱һһɢȥ뽫޵ǣ˵ϹȻԣҲǰǿѡǬûдӦʹ˽鶨Ҳûзԣֻ˵Ժл¡
ͻϪԺҶСҪһͬȥʦȴܾˡ
ҶСʵҲȷΰţӦò׷ϵΪҶСٴչ¶ľ»ɸ߲ٴõǾʹ˽ΪصΪ£ǶϣҶСԺҶСһֱעš
֮ļҶС˵񴦷ϪԺϢû˵ˣǵ֮ʱˡ

⳾Ժ
⳾žһϲյˤ÷顣
սսĹڵأŵòҷһԡ
ٸȥңҪˣҪʬŰͽҪȥɽھ˼Ȼ˽ȥ治Ļ⳾ոϱҶСƵ˽ƣоЩơһûãʯʧˡ漴ݸһö˵ʯƵĴɽ˵ĻʶСļֵ󣬶һҪһʶΪ⳾⣬û֪ʯʲôһ򶨣˼ܵ⳾˴
ӳǣ˳ȥ
⼸˸ոȥ⳾˵򻣬ɡóһöȥ
ֻһЦ֮һɫ⳾ͷķϸֳһ֧ݵֱ̽׽СǱַˡ
ߣǷֲҪΣ⳾˫Ŀһɣ˵
ǺӰֻһЦͺƻһ̰ȥ


Ŀռڣֻһͼں롣ռ˷ԲСأ֪ʲôغܶû˶²ﾹȻ㾰
ǰһ뷢Щɢҵӵվ
ʦҶԨѾָʾոճؾٶȱչعΪȥˡ˵ҶСȥμʱĴ
ãеҩ𵤳ڵΪҲó׹ˡٶȳغͰ֮ǰŵģҪǬ˵Ŀһֱĵ䡣
ǡӦһֹڻ˵˿ڣֻǱҪʦһҶԨõҩΪδ˴ͻȻ˴ĵҩ
Ҳû취飬ʱ˵Ҳ޷ԪѾѾʱղ࡭Ǭ˵ĻΡ
һʱ˵ڵأʦ𡭡
ǵֻءֺαˣҵνֻǿȥɵǧҵҪһ˵Ǭ˾ЩˣҶԨ֮壬ԭƻֻҪҶԨﵽΪⱻӡ񽣣ֻǽ𵤳ڣҲԵɴˡȴӡ˼ͣ¾ҺľΪǴԪҲ޷Ƴˡ
ʦ𡭡ԭǬ˵ԪӦûҪԳһЩģǽΪƳⱻ񽣣ϹȺķ𣬲ڴˡɾˣԾƷǬ𻯺޷Ը
һɾҪ֮СҶԨأһͬ뿪ɡǬϥ£ȥɡĪҪ㡣
һ䣬ǬϾͳǣЩ㻯˳棬ȼգǬ˰С
ǲȥ˵ЩʲôģȴǬ˺ȵȥֻǬΪģǻһ滷̫޴󣬺һ޴ɢǰǬ˵ĵ𣬾һ£ҲҪˡŲòӰһʧˡտĺУֻʣǬ˺һ鱻ֱܻľͼ
֮ΪΪĺзӡһ񽣡˵Ϲ£ѾѰķɽȽסȥѱˡҲֻǴˣڶݵʮɸ߲пһ˲֪ġƥһҲһΪһ˵еڣǬ˲Ż˵ԼɵĴ

ԺڵһڡϣҲһ̸ֻ֫СİСǸϺƶһһ޹̸Щʲô˵̸ֻ֪ᵽֳǬ⣬飬ҶС񡣶˵ƺʮһ㣬ɴཫ˽ǸƣֽģֻǿʱֱúӴһЩһİС֮ˣʱŭ֮£ǱסֺͻȻʹ࣬ۿҪΧײۿҪ֣Ǳ¡󣬼˵һỰżϵİײһ


ʮ һ
᰷塣
һ侲ڣҶСϥĿ˫ֲϱ任ƣһӡڰ̵ķϸӴʱӴѹһƯϸİ֮СҶСڲϰ֮ջΪáѾȥգδСٵģҶСʱѾдԶȲϵķЧ졣
УѾôãΪûжԴϴξŴ֮ҶСͱøŬֱӴʵסڵĸʵ뵱ԼᵤʱĸЩƣǴɴɵĳײľֻЩһֱĿɿطΧڣȻмּȴû̫ΣաҶСٶȲ⣬ѾȥգȻǴ֮δҪ޸֮£ѱ´λ᲻ٳƵ顣ԼΪ˱ԺıϪԺһҲǳ֮ƣһ֮ǳ¶ҲǼΪˡ䣬֮һֱϪԺڣ뿪һ
Ҫӿ죡ҶСתϷĸһ֣֮ǹȻִ˼֡ҶСĵ֮ڣһСҺ״ķɿתŴӸעҺ״ҶСϸڣϸʶ֮пԿһռ䣬Һʵе֡ļӴҶСľܵѹʱ
Ҫ죡ڣҶСĲϼǿ£ٶȴﵽ˼ޣѾԸܵԼľͿҪﵽٽ㣬ٶȼǿ¾ľҪܲˡҶС徭ȻٶȴﵽǰδеĿ죬ڳܵķΧڡ֮ʱʹྭĶˣҲǿ࣬ԴʱĿʹȻ̣ҶСȴɫȻ
Եÿп࣬ΪˡһָŻһֻر츳ҲΥĹɡҶСܹнĳɾܹͣΪӲʿҲΪ֮ǰ͸ೣ޷ܵļ

ҶС񶼽ʱϣʱǷֱĲǿҶСһȥûй뷨
ܷпܽʶһҶСʵ
ʶֻҲҪڲеͨͲˣȻϸ֮ⷽˡֱӷ񶨵ɻΪ⣿
塢ҪǲͻģֻһңͲǸа취ʶֻδҾͿԽ塢ͬˡ൱ҵٶֱӾҶС͵Ȼ޷ﵽʶһΪز˵İ취˾ͽԼ뷨˵˳
ʽҲûʵʿаҲǵָһ˲˻ҶСҪڿʱڼٶȵġ˺ܾãҶСڴ˵ֻǴﵽ̶ȣҲûа취ֻǿܻЩհˡ
ȽҶСһţ˷˵
ʵֻҪʶʹþͿˡп϶ҪʶУǾҪʱﵽҪʶƣͿԶеĵزڲٿطɽʱǷעԼʱʶĿƷδ󣬺̵ܶһʱڲÿƣĿıλãɽҲгĿȥ˵
ҶС룬ƺȷ˵ͷ˵ǣǺ˵ʲôϵ
ʵɽ㲻Ʒɽᰴ뷨Уʵʶһ˿ڷɽˡһҪƷɽϻҪľҪɽйʱ価ӳҲڷɽϲʶࡣʵԺҪַҲҪˡ͵
ҶСһ㼴͸˵ԭϾͿʼˡ
ʵгȻǲҪʶģֻҪԼʱ״̬һȻȻΪ˵ϰ߾Ϳˡ˵
ƺУǾϾͿʼԡҶСһͷ˷˵˷ĿУʡȥʱ䡣ȻȻսǿ󣬵һֱҲõġսǿ㵽ڣҲһʿֵġ
ְ취ʵԶеģƽ㲻ʲôûʶƣһ˲޷ֲ˺ҶСϾҪɽС˻ã̫˵׼Լʱٶ̫죬ҲΣաеʶ󣬺пħ֡ЩҪǰã׼ſɡ
ôһѣҶСҲ˳˼Щն޷ֲ˺Ȼʱ伱ȣȴҪðôյʱ̡˵ôһˣͬʱҴٵһɽʼɽҲȴʼˡͬʱˣټˡ
˵˵ҶСʩеʱûȫռƻСһ뵽ܵУٶȼ᲻ôʱȥϰûͿʼ塢ͬʱȻõķɽֻһÿһڷɽϵʶѾܿƷɽʱˡٶҲѾﵽƽٶȣȻûеҩûյٶȣĵ츳յٶҲǲġΪʶȫͶҶС񼸺ûκμֻ΢ÿһþƽѶȡ
һȫͶһ£ʱüΪݣ·ת˲һ㡣ҶСȫķϣÿնüΪʵΪ塢ͬʱٶȶ˺ܴѾʼٶеˣٶҲƽҪ࣬ľˣΪʱ̣ڼȫ춼ڲϵĶʶٶҲڷ壬˵ΨһСˣΪʱҲԱǰ࣬ٶû¡
ոһգҶСûûҹжȹ˿֪ڲѰӿΨһܹסɳˮǬѾ׶ΣԪۿҪľҶСʱҶԨһΣΪҶС˲δл棬ֻҶԨҴ˵ٶȳҴȥ֪òܻһЩ֮ˣкα䶯ҶСæչ˺ñ
ҶС塢ͬĲٶҲÿۺٶȻδﵽЧӦѾˡҶСԭͽԼٶһֱһּ״̬ٶȱͼΪˣһҲǼΪ֮£һ侳Զ
ڣĳҶСһʱһöҺתٶȶȻӿ죬תٶҲȻ˲֪ٶȵļӿ죬Һ̬鲢δ󣬷ʼСŲϵСҺ̬ڵٶŨҪһı֡ڵҺ̬ѹһ̶ȣѹһöʱǱɽˡ
ˣҶСڽڶ㡣գҲƳ߲þ뵽ڶ㡣ûãҲڽ׵ڶ㡣ˣڽ뵽˵ڶ㣬ˣҶСҲ˳ڣʵ֮ǰҶСѾﵽڣֻΪԭ򣬾ﵽڣΪǻᱻƣʩչΪڰˡԣڲ˵ˡ


ʮ ļ
Ѱħ֮ǰҶСô̵ʱȡ˳ɼ㡣ϾںÿһΪǼΪ׵ģÿһԽѶȶÿһĿԽҪٱҶСûĸֻǿĻһֱ踨ҲҪһܽף˼ʱ䣬ﵽڡҶСڽ׺ȴû˿ĸı䣬һ̿ΪǰҪԽģѾЩͬ׵ʿЩ߸ϣ˲֪ĸ߽ʿ磬ԺϣϪԺĳ⳾Ժ⳾ȻԼЩЩҶСǰǸ߸ϣ󼰵ġ
һգҶСոƳһþֻͷһ硣ոԼǲԼŽ˼þЩʧСÿÿƿһ㣬Ҫúܾʱ˼ԼڻþʵСڣȻѾƳȴԾϰԵ˼̽Լʵ绹ǻþСãҶСͷڿʼѹһȷԼǻصʵ
ʱҶСԺ˵Ѵﵽ˼ޣϰհɡһһڣ㲻᲻
ҶСһʱһֱһ쵽˼޵Ƥһֱǿšٴһ־ͻϵ̶ֳȡʶ˶֪ƤһǱ̫ĽǶϵʧȥ˵ԡҲͬҶСҲܵԼҪϢˡ
ҶСûиӦֱͣڲѾСһȦͣ»ڲϻԼķɽԼԶеĻɽʯļķ
վ߳ңʱ᰷һµգ¹һ㱡ɴһ㸲᰷塣ոƿĻþһһĻ𳡾һþҲʧһ㣬ƽ⣬ӽʵһ㡣Ȼڻ֪Щ顢顢顢þеԼǼٵģõġǣҶСȴֱܵݵĸġһԼֳȥԼĸҲֻΡ
ΪԼȻƳ˻þȴɱǻþӰšҶСͣټȥԼᱻþеӰ죬ֲʵþʵУȴԾɻǻþĸܲܡְѻþʵȴڱƽ⿪ĸҲܡ
һ廢ϻʣһ⻮ҹգҶСӳ¹⣬һϿջֱȥ
ҶС񲻶ϡϣֱ¿ȥɶֻаƴʱͣΧ󣬷һһײҶСļϣͻǿңҶСͲòղܳˡΧֻһƬڣȻ¹࣬ΪΧĿѾ̫ϡԶûڵǰ˿һҹˡ
վڷɽ֮ϣҶС񳤷裬졣ӳ¹⣬Ź޼ʵĴأͻȻһУ˭ĺ

ҶСһʮ㣬ͣһ𣬺˴ӻþдѹ滺һֱ񾭡һ֮ҶСʱתڤڤ֮кһ˿ҲԼƽչڣǷһж̫أԼ̫ˣģ֮ǰʮԼܵκβƽƣ·ЩֵüǵüëƤС¡ҲΪ裬ȻԼʱδȴУԺһлҪͷȴƺû顣һֻǵ㣬㲢һҪȥƽһ㡣
~~ҶСһжپδй˳·ؿһֱһǧѹȣõһ㡣
䣡ҶСͻһƬһµʶ֮г֡ȻҶСٿϸϸԲѾмʮС֮ǰ׵ڶʱִ˱ձøߣøΪ㡣УҲøˡ
νһ졣ΪѵõĶҶСϳ֡Ҳò̾ҶС츳򣬱˵һɲǼһɲǼ˵˼άͻ䣬ʵķԾ𣬼ļԡ
ҶСһֱΪԼǸÿǱҪ̫ȥƽϵˡڻͷȥǰಢԼ壬õԼһֱѹ̫ûлûʱûоȥƽϡΪѹȣԼŻ̫ѹ֡ءΪףҲŻûЩ΢˷ܣڳģ
ҶСһֱƾһִԶʵǿʹһδͻԼΪԣĳЩ˵ҶС޵ңʱҪ֪ʲôǶԼΪҪԼҪʲôҪġǣҶСȴʼøø˵ʱЦñ˵ʱֲޣǲǸ͵ȻҶСӦеġ
Ϊһþ֮иУҶСոմﵽڶٴζֱ㡣ҶСٴһ˱ԣ׿ʮ־һһֱѹͷİڱ׿
ҵҵҶС񲢷ǽһжòҪ෴ģЩҪĶĿˡЩ޷ᡢģôֵȥġЩֵȥ̫صģûҪУȥΪ˴ζµ㼶ǰֵĥµʶǿѻʶʵĸı䣬ԺҶСΪ¶Զı䡣˴ԺҶСбװ廹ٶȶٶ
ҶСһХݽ·ȥ⻯һƥεĻҹաٶҶСԼЩţʱԼôŽһĥ˵ڶ㣬ȴֻǵϿ羰ȴ˲˵㣬δЩ̫ˣѵԼǵõ˲ɣ
һ㣬֮ҶСԷɽĿƽһ塢ͬʱҲø˳Ϊʶ׵ٶҲڿСֱڣҶСᵽ塢ศɵ˵Լ̫죬ۣȴδΪǰֺγǱȵҪÿأֻΪϰˣԲûиоֱԽǰ棬嶼ãҶСиܵеĺôԭֻǻΪ塢еĳһδﵽҪԼΪĳһ̫ȥ
ٶȿˣҶСȴû˶Щ΢ɡΪȻ࣬ȴʵǿˡĿǰΪֹҪ̵ʱڲУֻԼŲˣȻԼ뿪ɶҪ͵͵ʱ̶ҪԺҲʱ̵飬ϴβδжۣлᣬҪ޵һ£ֻĿǰûлˡֻҪһԼûֻܹ㷲ȴԼˡ
ڶ֮ҶСɲϵšڼΣڱ㼸ºٶȻɡҶСҲƵһȫʵ֮ǰΪЩãΪѾ˴ۿҪ׵ˣ裬׵ʱ˿ܾڣҲꡣܹҶС޼ʵʮֿ죬ΪҶСȻٶȶ٣ǱϾΪ̫⣬塢໥ǣƣǵ˵ÿһ׵ʱҪǿȾͱѰʿΪԭȻҶС뾡취ȥٶȣĽϵĽʱȴʿδ̫ࡣȻÿһĽױҲڿԽ󾳽ʱΪеĻĻ羳ʱҶС񷴶°빦Ҳһ֮ôʿڽ𵤵ĳһ㼶ڣҶСֻҪԪ㹻㹻Ĳ㼶˳硣
ƺǰʮҶСѾľƽĿ๦պƿֻǣбףԽǵ˺ҪﵽĽҪҲ͸ӿѣ˵ÿһռ䶼ȻûƿǾճҲҶСܴѹ


ʮ Ǭ
һҶСȻԺ֮ٻæͣʶһתϸ֮С
δʼν£ѾδİĿʱſϸ룬ҶС֣㼫ΪƵĳԶ³һŽɫֻǴſֱмʮ׳ҷɳٶҲΪ٣ֻǽһգ۵ĹѾɳ˽סһֱҶС˼ȫ֮ϣǽռѾԼյˡ
³Ӱɫɽɫ⣬ǰĿģҲ仯ʹһ֣ɫҲøڣĹɫҲøޣڵӳ£ɢĵ⡣ĿҲøӿһ֣ǰһЩ߽ǴжøӴ׳ǰĶ֫ë׵ģԻһЩģȴҲ׿ǰһ䷿ӴСİĿھͺһװ׳һ㣬ӾϾкǿĳ
ҶС߽Ŀļ׿ȥͬʱʵĿǽˣ
û˵ֻĿҶСĸƵģͬʱҫؽʵĿ֩ǲеģֻͨٺˡ
֮ǰҲһ޶ѣ֪ڵʲô𣿡ҶСʵͬʱԼɻ˵ô򵥾ͽ׵˶ްɣ
Ѿ൱ΪʿˣҶСҲô״ﵽġ
ĿˣҲֻΪΪҲ̫󡣶ڷЩ仯ȴûнסҰΪַЩ졣ֻЦһ£Դε˵ĿһЩҲ͸ˡ
ҶСֿ˿ĿϧȴҲûʲôԭһ˼ǣ˵ʱЩ죬Щ仯Ҳûʲôġ
ҶСƶЩνĿδףҲǿһЩȻǺ£Ҳ̫ˡ˵֮ϸôˣľֵΣеý˲ŶԵġȻЩ仯ȴǽסЩ˵ȥˡֱ仯ֻҲֻǸЩĵͽްˣ²ܹͽסҲֶ֣ЩһӵкǿʵЩһʵСܵͣȴͨһ硣ҲһЩǳʱʲôôһҲǸԶ޷׵ġͺһЩģЩǲġ
˵ǰĿƺҲһ㣬ʱƵһµҶС룬ϳҶСŶ֫˵˵
ĿģҶСȴֻ˵˵ܷףҲû֮ҲԵȨҵһֻˡ
ãȻ˵Ҳ˵ˡɣ˵Ժб仯ҶСδΪĿɥҲ˵ȥ˵ҶСѰĿϸΪҲЩ͸ޣԺɳΪҶСһҲ˵׼ʱ۲ƺ˴ȴûκΪģ˼пֻǸͨޣֻԸһЩЩ԰ˡʱҶС˵ԼĿĿĻԺҲʲôرġ
˵ҶСȻҲסϸ׺Ѿ֮ǰ࣬ľɢյҲЩһЩһЩȴȫĿɣȻϸҶСֲҩȴû༸꣬аĿθ˼ǣĿܼܿҲǰԾҪҶСϣǷҪ°Ŀ
ҶСȴǵðĿԼԵһʼû̫濼ǣû̫࿼ҪԺԼĺô֪Ҳû̫ʧ֮ࡣֻЩϧԵһޣȴ̫ͨģҲѡҶСĿ֮ʱҶСֻڵһʿѣżӣҶԨһ˳һԵޣҲȻĿòһ֩ɰ˿ϱߣҶСȴûһʱ򣬰ĿҶСĸоͺƶʱŵĴƹһ㡣

ʱţת˲Ѿһȥ
һ˰Ŀйһα仯⣬ҶСƽйȥΪƽ˳ٵĽţȻ塢ͬΪԵʣʹҪҪ۵Ϊ̫޴󣬶һֱûдﵽҪ˻ֻڶѣϸڵѾͿҪĴˡ
ԵģΪļ죬֮ǰΪײЩŭĳҲΪΪ׸ı̬ȡ˲֪ʵٶΪҶСһֱϵֲ֧ԺӥҲ᲻˷ѵҩԼĶӷá
ɵ²һյԼڵĹ
һѰϣȴۼŰλʿУֱߴԺԺһֱǬ˵
ڣλԺʲôۿҪֵģΨһľȻɫƸδΧ
Ҫˣըһ㣬һŭȻ
ԭ۲ݣ˿δֻн𵤳ڵλԺò
ʦȻ𻯣ҽ¸Ǽλָʦˣֻϣܹ̳ʦ־ɸõķչȥҪ໥ȨƵģֻĩλվñֱϵŭšǬһδ뿪һԭԪټһֱȺķѾɫԽԽֱǰ̽ʱǬɫ󣬾ʢ棬ʱΪǬΪָһЩǸˣȴºʱǬɢˡǰЩľʢָԪʱĻعⷵա֪һ㣬Ҳ׼һԼδܼǬһ棬оͻһֵıӿ
ֻ˵ߴóһö˵ʦ֮ǰиҵĴʦ֮һѭԣǼλ۵ŵѡԻἰ
ߣһöξ֤Ǭ˴£˭֪㲻٣ң㽫Ǭ˵ʬŪȥˣҵȻδ׷һʼֵ׵ӥһóìͷָ
ʦʦǰһǼ٣㿴֪ʦԱѪ¹ӡֻ˺֮ܽλʦཻ꣬𲻳ʦµķӡɣֻһ˵
ʦܣα㼤Ȼóҵһͬƿӡ棬αػ˲Ƿǣѵ㲻ҿﵽ˵Щʲôֻ⳾мһЦ˵ΪߣҲЩǬָѡԼо°˳һǬ˻еĵҲࡣߴԺа⳾ԺڹԺƫߵģĴԺȴԺһߵģЩɽķҡڲģӵеҲǼ൱ġǬָŵĻͿ֤˳ĽˣϾǬһɰҶԨڵֱֻҪԼ˳ģΪԼãôҲͻ൱ľ档


ʮ 
ӥ⳾һҲ˵ʲôָ⳾Ҳк֣һЦкβңҽһ䣬һУǴ㱻ֱзȥ
ֻһɣ㱻һǿȥۿҪӥУȴֻӰһ⳾λʧͬʱ룬ҲС
ֻսɫĶӥ˵˺ƽӡôȥĪҪЩʲô°ɣ
ӥŭĿԲδü⣬⳾˵ʦҲضԣҵƽƷӡһͬ˵Щʲô
⳾л𣬾Խ߸߶ȣһɫΧţƯڰ֮Сɫ⳾ϰˮԹɫ
ˣҲ׷׵һУһɹӸзֱǴת˲Ʊ㱻Χеתûãʼ仯Ϊģʼֳһɫ⣬ǰɫһΧתһʳΧ⡣ɫԽԽ󣬴ֻжһֱȭͷСֹͣתͣϷԲεİɫ⿪ʼתΪˮ״һ뵽֮Сȫ뵽ֻ֮áһ̰㳹ʧˡˣǷӡҲͱˣͬһʱ䣬˾ͬʱʶ뵽УһʱǬ˵˵Щʲô
ǷӡŽ˸ոհʶ̽ͬһʱ䣬ֻ⳾жȻһǿһг䲻⣬ֱһֻ̣ážһ㻯һ촷ۣɢȥ˭Ҳû뵽Ҫƿӡ⳾ôһ֡
˶һ죬Ϊ˻δ֪ﵽ˵ʲôȴӥɫù죬ɴЦ⳾ɫԽֻӥЦһ˲۹˵⳾û뵽ɣҲǷѾ˼
ԭ˶û˵Щʲôӥˡ
⳾ӥεĳЦɫ˵½ڴҲ۲ɡһ䣬ȥһʿֻӥ⳾ڴʲôգ⳾뿪Ҳȥ󣬱ֻӥ޹˼ɵĳЦ
⳾ߺӥҲδֻһ仰ʣµļԺ뿪յڣֻʣһˡöʮ֮һ𻯣ȻûκһȨ֮£Ǻεȱ
ҲûӥȺΣһǬ˵һڸո뿪ʱòҪɢǬ˵Ѷ
ӥԶɣǬ˵ʬ׶ΪȷǬǷѾ𻯡ľ棬Ҳףɻδѡһε֮ʱɢǬĻⲻᱻһֱɵռȥʲôˡ

ڶգɵĸԺ嶼ӵָʾԲһ׷׸һЩĵӽкõķɽǷ֮ࡣ
ǰһգǴδӴ²Ҳܵһַĸܡ
ڵԽ˵⳾ԺԺѾЩСģս
ҶСһֱǱֱպһδɽɹҩʱŷеı仯Ժɽɽŵʿֻʿѣȴӵʿ֮⣬ܶطԿɶǿ˽䱸ҶСҪɽҲҪ鷳֮вʱмʿٷɹɫҴңҲ֪Ϊ¡
ΣҶСҲɽĴ㡣ڵƣϾͻһսҵģʱҶСδµǬȻֻΪ⳾ԺͲסˣʼǬˡʱҶСһʱ뵽תһϪԺڣȻ̫ΣգԼԭҪϪԺµģϪԺûκϢȻѾˡԣķʲô飬ԼľҪΣ
룬ҶСص᰷еģϪԺյϪԺͱʿסҶСҲ⣬Ǹʿʾ˳񣬿ȴûǳͬҶСҲһ֤ϪԺҪˡ
һصɣҶС㿪ʼ˼ķʲô飬ԼӦ
ҹһ䲻ľұɢɫԵ¹ʯӳյͨҶСϸԼһҵҪʱѷʱܹõϵĶȫ֤ʱܹȡá
ܹõľֻ͹潣Լոܹٿص߱ɽϧʱ̫ȣʱԼϰˣʱԼҲûطŪɽԼһ̣ҪʱҲԼʱֻϧԼҲֻüڹںһʶˣֻͬʿսʱЩãԼ߽׿¾𲻵ʲôˡﵽܸǵķΧﵽ˷ԲʮΣշԼǿԵһʱ䷢֡
ϸڵ´˴Ҳû취ԼһˣȻϴԼֵ˾׽٣ȴֻԼڣΪҶСδڣܷҲ޷ʹġҲָˡǰĿϴαһΣȴֻǸһޣҲԺˡ
廢ϻ꽣Ʒ½׷ɽҶСʱֵˣ˵Ҳʱߡ֮ǰƵһԷ嶾˵˺ʿˣҲԼһ̡ҶС嶾öȴҫɫԵӣĵ̤ʵһЩģһƽǰĴͷǳ˵ֻҪ󣬾Ϳ漴͵ڵĲλáҲԼһֶΡ
ϸԼ֧صһԴҶСҲ̤ʵһЩ
ɽ⣬²ġꡱȴһֱٳûеȻԽˣԽ˲Ƿ⳾ԺԺƶͷ׼ţսƺѾһԽѹƵԽãµʱһսҲԽҡ

һǸҶСʱ׼ڴʱᵽʲôֻԱѡ
ҶСԭɢʶһɣȻһʶһìһ㲻趯Ų趯ʶʼһۣϱʵ󾹻ûһɽģʶۿ֮翴ҶСֻǿʵϣѾѧʶţᷢҶСʹһʶɽǷɽ֮ն̡ɨȵȽĳ
ҶСϰһӦնڷҶСֵָõһӦʶ˵ûЩҪԱĻûбҪķѾȥѧЩͽ罫ϰʱȥΪǸ˵ûʿҲ˵ʿһëǵȼѹơҶСѱȴòķЩȥЩ֮ˡ


ʮ ҶԨ
նĺôҶСֱʹʶйҲֱʶ֮СԷʶǿȵĲͬĿʹԷɥʧʶɴӣǱҶСʶǿҲöԷʶһ㱣һ㱣ڸֶԾоѾؼҪģնǿ˺޷·ġ
ҶС񾭹Խʶ˷ɽ̬ҿһЩ򵥵ķɽʶûɫģ˵ʶ֮УҲֻһ翵ĸоֻǺԼ۾ܿķΧһ㣬ҶСһʶ֮۳ɷɽ̬ʶɽ㽥ıԭ翵ԣһƵһ㣬ҶС֮۵ԽʵʶɽҲԽʵҶС۵ʶɽҲһѣҲֻǳ˷ɽ̬ĵһ̶ѡ˵ն˸߲Ժʶɽ۳һڵķɽһӰһ㣬ҲʶǿȲͬӡ
ˣҶСնɣնһ㡣ʵնʶеʲô߽෴ֻǸҶСһͿʶҪͽ˲٣ƾŻô׾ˡ

ҶСԭնȴͻȻʶ֮зӰһֱҶСͬʱʶɢΧԲʮķΧڶ֮УֻǷ紵ݶҲ޷ӹļ⡣
ֻӰʶΧʱһҶСͷһϲҶԨҶԨѾʱû뵽ʱͻȻضǰȥѰҵġǰЩҶСĴ̽е֪ǰͻȻʧˣûκֱȥЩ˽ﴫΪ˱ֻˡЩ˻еġֻڴʱҲǲԶģֻǳ顣
æӭӣҶԨҶСʱһǶѾǽʿ˴λصɸոմһЩ飬û˷־ֱҶСˣû뵽ȴǰˡ֮ǰĵҲ׷ˣҶС˵Ԥڡ
ҶСʱҶԨѾſڡֻҶԨĲɣһǷϳüҲһȥһƺ飬ģҶСԵĸܵҶԨϵɷ࣬Ⲣ˵ɷˣʵֻɷĿˡû˽ʣͱֵı˱ϣ仹һɽһֻƺ«Ҳ֪ҶԨһôȹģŻı仯ԭ͸УһֿҰͲ
ϵǱɽЩ졣ҶԨҶСɻҲ֪ҶСһʣֱ˵˵ʦ彣˽Ƚʦֺϸ˵ɡ

ҶԨҶСһ˵һҹֱ⼸˲Ž̸ҶСһ˾ס᰷壬շҲ࣬˱Ҳ뿪᰷壬һ䷿ȥˡ
һҹҶԨ㽫ʱȫҶС񡣵ȻҪǬȻҶԨѾǬ˵ɽ¡ѭǬ˵־ҲǬ˵彣˽ҶԨҶԨһʱһֱھ֮⣬ӽı߾֮սһսǱҲʶԸɵѡ
ʵֻռ˶ʤݵһС䣬ҲռݵһЩӴһֱڱ߾ϵĦôռ˶ݵĸɾȥػԼһÿɶַȥ߾פءפر߾һʿǬֱܵģڱ߾ͻȻٶȷɵţΪ˶ݵİΣЩǾȴ뿪ġǬķ˻ңɵ˶޷⣬Щػ߾޷طʿȴڻмҾģһսҷЩ˵ļҾҲ޷ս𲨼ҶԨҪ֮λֻҪЩ˵ļҾ߶ѡ
ڣǽЩҶС񣬾ҲаǾһǬֱһڱ߾פأһУջʱҶԨͺЩȡϵҲõЩ˵ӦʣһҪҲȫЭǣҺһ뿪ɡȻǼһҲһɲͷ⳾ԺԺؾЩСˡϾǶǼ൱һҶԨӵеһҲﵽߴԺСһԺʵ
ͬʱҶԨעҪҲһͬߣҶСһЩܺҲ¶ҪӳΪһɻʤкõĽԺʤˣһȻкùӳԣ֮ѣȻᱻǣ⳾Ժһʤˣһ¾ͻᱻ𡭡

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ҶԨҶСϪԺµĳشΣڵȴǬ˵겢̫ԺΪʵֻ־ڴˣȴӹθΪĵز෴ڶǰڸɸɽڶԼߡЩ˶Ǭˡ߾ϳֵܣЩ˵ĺ˶ǾŵùġڣҪ֪ĽͱӳҪϪԺߡ
ͬʱҲϵԭǬֱһʿ͵͵Щڱ߾ɱʿҾ첻Ͻӵ᰷ϡ˵󲻴˵ССʿҲн֮࣬ЩҾҲвֵʿʿ֮࣬Ѿһɲˡϧǣȴֻһʿ˻ǽڣٶһʤ㡣ڼҶԨʿѾҪӽԺһԺʵˡ
ԺڵӦѾǱض꣬ԾܣҲ̫ѣЩӦԼͳеŽ䱸ְһЩҾ͸ˡûãеļҾ춼Ѿӵ᰷ϡڽ˳ʱϰһһӳģױ֡˶ʿһ𣬾ȫϢӴһҲױΪ֮˷ֵġܷģͲʮˡ
ʦ֣ҶʦǱǲǷʲô⣿ôûûǷҪҴǰȥӦһ£ֻһòɣ̬ʿߵ˵һ룬ֲͷʦԼʱϾҪˡ
ʱվ᰷ϳϪԺķţѾվãȴδҶԨҶС˵Ľ⡣ʱѾȥãԺɽҪ˶ѾӵĲˣ˵Ϊôôûδвһ˿õԤӿ𡣵һԼʱҪˣһôˣĿ̫Ҳױ֡
ǷʦʱΪʿɽȺ׼ЭӳɡһԼʱ䣬Ǿͻ湥ŷ𹥻ڵע˾ͿԳû˳϶ӳ֮ǷʦͼɡѾ̽ʱм߽ʿ֪ȥȻ֪ǵȥ򣬵ȴԿ϶֮ڡҲǸѵõ֮
ͷЩˣвŮʿ͸ոĺӣȻҶԨԼģ˴ξҲҪǰЩֵܼҾȳȥ
пɬȴˡҴȥλ׼ʱϾ͵һźţǾͰƻ
ƺҪ˵Щʲôȴ˻ȥֺγҶԨǴʱ裬¾ͻиӲȥ


ʮһ ͻ
ϪԺڣһ俿ɽţֻķ϶СڣڽȴűǰһͻȻһλԺΪлʦҶԨҶСĴҵʱ֪λƽʱʦõлʦ㾹Ǭ˵¡
ȻԼ˽վϪԺɽµĳشҶԨҶСͱһͬ뿪ɡܳһʱ񿴵ġ
ΪÿͳһʱãҲ˵һЩ֮¡ģȴй顣Ϊһ£ϴֻǱʱѹ£ǬȻڣϪԺͷ⳾Ժֽ˳ҷ⳾ԺΪ׺һֱǹϵУ˹ȥ춨ǵĺϵ
ǳֽ޵ȥ뷨ᶨ뿪ľģ¾ҶСӣҲʱʦ𣬶ԱܻͻȻôȻҲǳҪ޵ǵĿǡֱգлʦ˵ûҳŵԿó˳ȴԭΪûıٳٲۿѾҪԼʱ䡭
ȵýͻȻһĨӰĿ֮ɵȲıոճֲãлʦӰҲɫҴңлʦһ·ϲʱĴ±˷ֵģǱȥ򶨵Ķֻ࣬Եͷƻڿ˼ʲô
лʦ㡢ʦ㣡Сſ̽ͷ
ûгʲôɣ߽ˣĵʵ
毺õһ˿ԥֻʦʱ£ҽȥˡŵʱ䡭˵껹ҧҧ촽
ǻǿȥɣӦҲȵüˡʲôԺ˵ֻлߴٵлҲʮģһģʵһֱﶼǰлЩµġ
ɽ·ϣֻлһ˿ɻ˵ôɽϵ˺ܶࣿ
𣿡δɽûʲôоɣЦ˵ǲãʡ鷳
лϪԺѾʮ꣬˴һܵóΣλ֪ϴʱŵ֪һжӦòᱻֵġ
Ϊ٣˲ֻͽɽʱͺķѵľһЩһ·ͷнЩѹ֣ҪһʱܵҶСԼĵص㡣Ѱ˼ŷҲ·Щ⻺գҪѹֵʵڿơ
лһȻҴһ·϶صıǶ֮ˣҪҲûʲô֮һһӡȴֱϻһֱһƺ«һЦ˵ʦ㣬ôʱ򻹴ƺ«أҶԨʦԺûоƺ𣿡
ᵽƺ«ĲɵıȻһ⵹һֻæǾƺ«ڻ˵£뿪˱ûôˡ
˵꣬ͷ߼˵ģԼͷҲ߼ȥ˵

ҶСҶԨҵȣԼʱǰ˵ȵˡ
˵ˣǿ߰ɣʱǱϾҪжˡ˸ոռ棬ȻǶδȴɣҶСֻЦЦҲлף㿪˵ֻҪͣһ̾ͶһΣաԻЩΪ
׼ȥֻǱֹ˵ȴл˵߰ɣҲˣ
лʦ㣿ͬʵǰǼûκνлðķհǣǶм;壬ôԼȴҪˡ
лһ˶һҵĶ䣬ھֻܰôˡϪԺҵãҲܾʹǡл˵˺һ٣һѵľ˵׼ʲôʱͱˣǿЩ߰ɡУλҶʦܣǿҪúôλʦãȻ֪ˣĲǣ
лĻҲһΣ˵Լûʦƻ飬ҲϪԺһ뵽Լڷҵʱ򲻸𣬷յĺýɣһкܶΪġҧҧ촽̧ƼҶСб̼ᶨûôľƾҪȡᣬȻԼѾ˾񣬾Ҫȥ
֮°ѣʱеκһ˶ӲѡҪ񣬼ȻлԼѡҲ׷ٴִлĿлȥ
лո뿪ҶԨһֱֹı˵ãǲʲô£ҶԨһ棬㿴˱¡
촽ü΢壬һڿ˵Ԩ磬뿪ĺΪҲӦܹԱİ뿪ɣǾͳɢޡûϺõûɵĻӣ¶Ҷδغõģ΢΢˵ͬʱŶ
ֻҶԨˬһЦ˵ѾߵزһҪߵġһҲĹĶǡȻҶ֮λûȤ˾ͻҵвѾݲˡЩڱ߾ɱֵҲһҪɣ㲻ߣҲġ
ҶСû뵽ʱ򣬱ڻɡ龰ԾģֽץסҶС½ǡСʱеϰߣʱģҶСҲֻεĿЦһ£ͷ
ʱǶڵȴԼľû˻ȥ棬Ҳûܹ档
ڣ˼Ƭ̺ҶԨᶨԴĿп˵һһ𣡲ܵʲôʱ򣡣
ǺǣڿԳ˰ɣҶСǺһЦ˵
šʲôƵģһ£Ѿƺ«˳˵ԨþƣģԺ뿪ɿ¾ͺȲˡ·϶Щ㣬ںȵɣ
ڣҶԨɻʱͺܽȣѾﵢһᣬ᰷ϵ˵ȵļҲʱ䣬
ȴǱ˵һƶѣ͵һ𽤱ϪԺɡ
ðɣһȺˣ԰գҶԨùƺ«γӣһͷڴڵİѾƵ˺
ͻ
ҶԨպûڣƺ«һˤ˫ȭȫһ߲һ߸ŻҪѾ³
磬ǣҶСǰ𾪣ֻ˫ĿԲɣתͷԱȵʦ㣡ȵĵʲô
ҶԨģ˼һ㣬ʼͷ˻ģͷʹһ㣬Ŀԭϸķޱ㱻ץһɢҡ
ʦ㣿ոջúõģƬ̣ҶԨ˾ͱŵһȥҪסĴײǸһȥͱһƿ
ҶСȴҶԨȻǾﺬо綾ŻƬ̱ܹʿĶôҵģټҶСĲ룬ҶԨ״̬ںһ㣬忪ʼٲ
ʱֻ˷֪ʱӿӰһ²°ˡЩ֮ǰҲ֪ǲ˺δƾҶСʶȻδܲ
ǺǺǣذװ׺ķˣƾΪⲻĶġֻһ˴Ⱥ֮зɳ˵֮Ϸʣȥǳ󣬱һ˴Ⱥз˳ͣ˳࣬Ǳˣ⳾
һ⳾֣ҶСΪԼûзЩˡոʶֹӦþ⳾޽ֹ֮ҪԼʶҲǲܡ


ʮ 䣨ϣ
˵֮ʱҶСڲܹҶԨڶأܹʿĶҩôôʱҶԨҲЩ΢ָһЩɿȼһһ˵ذ׷ⶾⲻˡȥã
Ǳ߱ڷƵıͷײΣѲµֽţȻոջһúõĹͱģ˭ֻҪһ˿Ŀ˶ۡΪΪȱߣʱһ裬Ҳ޷סֻһԸż
ҶСʱ˲ΧЩˣȻЩ˶ΪǶġǣҶԨֵİΣҪġЩƺҲڿϷһֻΧΧһʱȥȴû
ҶСʶţԼʶ̽ʶСȻ˿ڱʶҲһϺɫķɢϺɫȾűʶؾƲʹ״ϺɫԽԽ࣬ȥ¾ͻķ
ɣҶС̱ȥٿԼʶȥǽƣն֮ҶСʶĿһ㣬ȻڵʶƱ֮ǰеǿ˲֪٣ҶСԼºȴҲȷԼƽ⡣
ҶСƽʶ֮ʱδֹͣҶԨڵĶأǶʵ̫ԵҶСƿբŵˮһкȴ޷ֵסǶɢһߣҶԨڲʱȰ֮ʱȷ޷ֶأɡְ취ȻܹƳأȴҲҶԨһˣҿܻһӰ졣
磬һԽĶֻǻһˣ׻жӰ죬˵ڵҲһӰ졣һĻҶСһʱҶԨ˵
ҶԨҶСȻͨⶾһմɢȫڵһҲ޷ãҶСа취ȥӴĶ⣬ʿʿҲ޷ӳġԷҪͶϣҲ򲻿ܵġ
ҶԨһ̲ɣ˵ǻʲôȻ˵ɡ
ãҶСӦ漴ٶԣǹɫٶȴϸתǲֵ׽ٵ𡣲ƺ֮ǰǿһЩ˵˼¿ȼǵСҪƲ£ֻȴ޷ӦҶԨ壬ڽⶾͬʱҲľкܴˡ
ΪҶС塢ͬڸҶԨⶾͬʱδƽܵĽơΪʱ䣬Щ˼̸š
⳾ǵҪôҶСȵزҲûҪǿ׳ƺʲôʦ֮ġڼѾſǻʦ𣬱ʦôˡ
ܼ򵥣ҪҶԨ˳ңʹҵĺңԺƾǵı֣ǵĺôҲԲСڣпǾһ֮£֮ϣ⳾˵Ļһħһ㣬ֱ˵޷ȥŷĸо
ҶС㣬ᱻ򵥼ںʶĻԻ󡣶ʱȵֻȻ򵥣֮ǰֱӶҵ˵ǣαҶСҪֻʱ䣬ԿҲ㸽š
ǺǺǡ⳾Ц¶ֲм˵Ҳܼ򵥣ֻҪһ仰ɽ˽ҶԨĶͬʱöҩָĵΪ˵꣬⳾һ֣ͼָö裬һǵ裬˵ҪȥҪʶ˽Ʋſԡ
ǲϳأҶСЦһ˵
ǹҵ£ҲǡȴŲǣöҩҲҵһ㱣֤ˡǵΪʲôӰ졣ǲϣǾǾƲԳԷˡֻ⳾ʼƽѾöݺݡ
ڱ״Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ȻʶδָѾٵײֻǴĵʹͷվһ˫ۣһ㣬ûһˣæһʱ˹ȥץס֣ϳԸַβٿʶֲֹ֮ȻҲֻ޴롣
ʵҶСѾʶܹ֮򵥺ͱͨڳƽ˽ֹɹֹ˱ķΪԱԼɸص˺ʶȴ޷Լ壬ֻܱϸ֮ڡҶСһ߼ƽֹһҲʶ򵥽šԭҲ֪ĸԭӦйܣڵļԺѾ֪ҶԨǵļƻȴδƣ㽫ƾͼƣһ򾡡֪ҶСҶԨҲʱ뵽ƲߣԺҪ޵ǣȻҪ֤İȫԱѡ˱ƷһһʱͻᷢõĽƣʶзӡļ䣬ҪǺҶԨһУ⳾ļıӲȻҲҶԨϾģΪ˽ʧ͵ͣһļı
һ棬ٿҲѾҶԨڣϽɾ̻˳ֻ֮ҶԨľҲ߰˰ˣҶԨʱѾܹЩˣҲҶСĻ֮ƣȻ¶š濴ȥһжģ
ҶСƺڿǷҪ˳ֻ⳾һŭȣһ䣬ȺУʿһһ߸ͬһӵˣ룬һˡҶС̧ͷȥԴһǱˣǸոպǷֱл
лʦ㣡һż˳񡣳ƺҲܵĿ⣬Ҳ˵ֻǱͷȥһࡣƺҲĿԼͽд³һ㡣ıֻ֣ҧ촽зɽݺݵĵ⳾
лĺ΢΢˶ƺҪ̧ͷȴûܳɹҲ֪⳾ʲô

⳾һЦͻȻɫ䣬һһտɳֻǰһһտɽлıŴ̴һ˲䣬տķɽУһ޺ѪɡԭѾûжлͺһֻϺһӣɤһɬĺһ̱ȥû˱
⳾ҶСһŭȣһҧ˵ġ廢ϻ꽣Хһʷɳǣ
лʦ㡭ſǻ˲հףˮȴֹסӿ˳
ҶԨڲжд棬תֻпɬŨŨĺĵ׷һħɱʱ˱ѹֹʱһһֱѹƵɷĵɢɷȻδֱ뿪壬һ˳ľתɷ֮ȻͬӵƵЧҲǶ˴󲿷֣ɷƺҶԨû𺦡ˣæ˻ȥɷм죬жضԺҶԨΪ󽵲˵޸Ͳ֪Ҫ꣬Ҫ˶Ҳжս˴νѿҲ⡣ʱɷܾҶԨҲ˵׼
ҶСѹסŭ廢ϻһͷһֲʵĻع齣֮УãҴӦ㣡ҽǵҳԾǣ
֪պαص԰գ⳾ָᵯ㽫ö
ҶСһУ㽫׽Уһ֣㽫һö£ȵǷˣ㲻ǻҪʲôʶƣǡ
⳾һЦ˶ۣʵΪľҪҶԨҶСչ¡ҪɱǶˣҶԨЩ鷳ҶСȻͬʿ磬⳾ɱʵڲ֮£صľǱѡ⳾ҪµĽƼΪԵԺҶСҶԨΪҲΥ־ҪԷ͸ǽƣһҪƵĵ踨


ʮ 䣨У
ʶʱΪܡ⳾䵽ҶСǰ˵ҶСȽ뱧Ԫһ硣ҶԨ㲻صģ֮ԻȥеĶˣʲôСֶεĻ
ҶСһ˵ıǡʶĿƬ̱˱Ԫһ硣ǰһ̣ҶСոսʶҶСջʶǱҲٶȶ񻯡˵עҶС⳾ϣ˻û˷ֱѾָʶУ˶⳾ĺ⣬Ļڡ
⳾ҶСôͽ˱Ԫһ磬вм̾ιȻջСҶС츳²һǿԺᳬԽҶԨҲ˵׼ֻһӡָֻǰ˫Ŀ֮оһʤһһֱҶСͷȥǹڽӴҶСʱ΢ͣһ£ּǰȥת˲ѾûҶСʶ֮С
ҶС֮ǰһö֮ʱһ¶ǣδüֽ⻯ѾһչΪˡǵһʶҶС㷢⳾Ԫͨĳطͷ˳ַҶСĲ²Ҫ⳾ԪеһСֿҶСԪ֮УҶСж⳾Υ뷨ڵһʱ䷢֣һʱԼһԪҶСԪƻԪһ˵ʶ𻵺ͨĳطﵽһͿԱסԼ겻Ԫĳһֱ֣Ԫһȥ˾Ҳٸˡڷǰ˵ʿԪǲָܷģ⳾֪ͨʲôطҲҪһ۵ġ
⳾ԪһҶСʶ㱻ҶСǿʶ𾪡ңûзԼոոҶСµĵ跢ãʱ˲ԤСǵһ壬ֻҪƬʱȾҶСԲ谭ʶתʶǿҲᱻӰ졣ʱ뱧ԪһĻὫԼʶʶ֮СҶСʶܣȫбǵӰļ󣬶ʶʵ̶ѾԶʿѾﵽһЩΪǳʿʶǿȡ
ã⳾ʱŻȻԼƺмˣһ㽫Ԫء
ü򵥣߾ûôˣҶСʶ֮ڣƿţԼðմӦ⳾½ƣԪԼʶ˼ʱʶ໥ᣬΧһ޴⳾ԪڵСҲ⳾һʱ⣬ʶ̽óóȻĽԪ˳һΪ˴¶ԽܵƣҶС˵νһʧǧźޣҲ˰ɡ
˼⳾ϲϸָֹ飬жɻ󡣿Ƕڲʲôƣһʶ֮УлҲֻĵȴ
Ԫĳ̶ֳϽҲʶһֻ֣ǿԶԶͨʶлںΪʶԲųΪԪ񡣾˵ǷԪеʶɣһ֣γʶʶʶ֮УϵγԪ
ҶСȻס⳾Ԫ񣬵ϾѾǽΪԪǿȻԶԶǿѰʶĲϳײУҶСʶҲھһĳҶСȴȻǰ㽫ԼԪԳ壬ԼûطһһԪЩ΢ˣԼȻʱסԪȴһʱҲ޼ƿʩ
ڿ֮ʱȻ뵽֮ǰնȻԽʶ۳ɷɽʶԼȻҲ۳Ʒɽ̬й
ҶСһתǸոձ⳾ÿҪɢٶȱǿָ״̬ĺôˣٿʶȻֻһʶǿȴʵʵڵġԾһֱţҲס⳾ãӲϣҲܸ⳾ϳЩʲôϾ⳾ڣԪ壬ʱ˻᲻ЩõӰ˭Ҳ˵׼
һʶ۳Σֻǵһ̬ܿʶĲϼǿӡ⳾һ˱Ԫһɣһͷһ㲻ϳҶСʶ⳾ˣԭԼҶС񣬿ȴ˲ףһʿǿʶҿɵʶȻѾӦӦõʶһ࣬Ҳûص伮˽ҲûϰϰõЩǰһνɻħϳʱõġԴԺʶƺһЩصǿ̡ȴԺԼȴԼĵط˸
ҶСҲɣʶ̸һɣٴֱ̳ʶе⳾ԪڵͺһСһǿ׳ҷ˶ëë棬СƲι̣ȴҲëʱѡͬʱ֮䣬һֳһ룬ȥë档
ǸȻҶСʶ̣⳾ԪǷ˶ëˡʶÿÿһ⳾Ԫ񣬶ԪһΰĲȻҶСն˺ģȻڴ̳֮ʶѾҪĹ⣬ҶСҲܹԸܵ⳾ԪѾܵЩˡ
ĵü͸ʶɢȥһ֧ʶͬһʱγɡϵĳ⳾Ԫȥ
ʶ֮ʱ䲢ͬģҲ֪˶ãҶСѾ֪һ˶ٸʶ̣ϵĹ糾Ԫ񡣶糾ԪƺҲû취ֻһֱӲҶСĹϵĳʶҶС֪⳾ΪԼȻ޷ԪȥֻܶƬ̣һ˺
ģ糾ʶ֮ڿʼϸϸȱڣԪʶĸһ˶޷޸ֲ߲֪ġοҶСϰʶȫǿΪԵġ
ʱ⳾һߺû̽óȻԪһҲңѾʱҶСȻһֱʶ̲ϴ̻ҶСҲֶˡȻҶСҲһϰʶֹĻҪΣˡʱԼķЩԪ񣬶Щˣǵġתһ룬ԼýʿǶݶһĽɫ쾹Ȼһڵĵͽʿұסʱߣ¶˾ĵȵԼȥҪƤǣҶСĽƣóҲѽԼͷ֮ޡ
ҶСȻϰ񣬵ʶվڵʿ࣬οԷǱͱʶǿǿԪڶԷĲϳ֮£ʶҡҡ׹ۿҪɢνȼѹƣָ֣칦ȱ˵һǻʵĲ࣬νӽҪࡣҶСʶҲֻ޵ĽӽʿδﵽʱҲ޷Խʿ⳾ǽڣǽʶֹʿԽߣÿһ㼶ʵĲҲԽ⳾ʶͱȽ𵤳ʿǿ࣬ʶѾҶС֮ܽãǳˡ
ۿҪ޷סҶСкݺݵĵ޷ٽסҲҪƤֻʶɲǼ㻯ΪУ⳾ΪҶС˵ʱ򣬾ֻһҶС󲿷ֵʶǿȴﵽǰδеںһӰʶֱ⳾ʶȥ


ʮ 䣨£
⳾½ֹѾȥ˶ʱֻҶСһ粻֪ô졣ȫĶļˡ
ʱͻҶСſ˫ۣһ˫к䣬ɱأ
һֻ̱áһͼ⳾ػһȥһ˫ֱͷʹһ㡣
ҶС۵ͬһʱ䣬ͼԭΪжܹվǲ׵ҶԨὣֱ⳾նȥҶԨ潣ߣҫ⣬һ磬ֻ˽һƼͣ˿ոжģˣ˶𾪵˺ƣһնУ⳾ǽڣں޷֮ҲҪҶԨնΪأ
ʿΪӦǳȴҲǽΪһⱩǣһɽɳһ⣬ƣһ㣬նҶԨ鼱֮УûκαȫʩΪһ
Ͼ̫ԶҶԨֺŷ¾նҶԨ⳾ҲҶԨĽ꣡
ҶԨĽն⳾⳾ϵ½ѾǳʽɢĽ˺ѵʱֻ⳾ǰͻȻһɫӰⰵӰһ־ͺһзת󾹻һɫӰֻɫӰ˫ָһֳذףذ׵ذҲǰɫɢһϢ
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣ɫӰһֻ֣һѪ쵶Ӱһεй⡣ҶԨͲֻͬǸһĸоֻáһ˾סҶԨնһ
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ڳе͵ʱ˻һЦֻڿĺ֮УͷҲԺɫɴƣȻ۾Ҳδ¶ҹ򻼰ʱϵ֪δô鰡˵ɳƶ񣬺ɤƬ໥Ħ
䣬ԳƹĺӰºӰ֣ҲٳҶԨһ½δָ⳾ϣֱֱ⳾󷽷ɳ
ҶԨһͻȻֵĹ򻵲סҶԨնһȴܹ͵㿪ΪһѾǰٲҲҪ䲨
鼱֮УҶԨδü͵ͼһӰԳٶȳǰ
ǱӰôôϤ
ǸˣǸԼŵԺҪԼڷ絲ꣻ
ǸЦźԼԨ硱ÿÿЦݣĶ·Ҫڻһ㣻
Ǹ˵ҪԼһһ
Ǹÿ̫δƽߣϪԺеĲľ仺Уһεβɼ峿һ¶ˮΪģֻҪΪʴ㣻
ʱ·ͣҶԨҶСڳˣǽڵĳ񣬶ûпôһ¡ûױôͻȻٶһ˲䣬Ѿ˽ʿķɽ
ûףûšʵͰǰ

ʿȫһɽûһУѵһһ㲻ϱһƿҪ˺ء
ҶԨٶ࿴һֻۣǵӰɣڳķɽ֮Ųһֻ̣ǱҲҶԨû

ȥֻҶԨ˻ߵĺ쳹أ
ҶԨؿڣȻһߴ󶴣Ƿɽֱֱᴩšǣ˿˿Ѫ˿ڣֹֻסıš
ʿȫһֲǱѵ˺һ֮һֻ̾ԼܹҶԨ͵һ֡ǣ󾹱Ƿɽϱѵ˺˺˺飬ֱΪޡ
ʣµģֻҶԨıţǿ޺֮·Ҫ˵Ҳ˺һ㣬һϡڿʼ˱仯ɱ˱ߣֱֻʣ·ŭ
ԽŵأŵҶԨ·һֻޣһ˫ۻ죬ոձᴩؿھƬ̼䣬ۿɼٶȲµѿôصˣ˿ٵٶ޸˿ڡ
Ӳվ𣬿ǣȴҶСʶ֮Уղһ֮ҶԨѾĴжѾǸ⣬˵廹ڻָ
ֻˡҶСа¾ģתͷϵͻ˵û취ȥˡԣͺúõĻȥɡһ䣬廢ϻ꽣һ˵һ뽣ʣ֮һХնˣ־Ҳл·ҶС֪ѻʯȴҲԸԴУ
С磡ֻһĺҶСͷһ֪ʱϣоǵԼʺֻ˸жᶨ˵С磬ְͣɡ
ֳϿո׼ɱҶСĳ˵ʦΪβܷһ·ѵԸԼͽһǰ
пɬȴ˵
ֻּ˵ʦ㲻ҪҼ޸ôãҴӦ㣡Ҫһ·ȻǾһ˺ͽܣʲôò
û뵽ʱ˾ڳ֮ʡֻոԪָһЩ˲µ⳾˵Щʲôǳ˵ǺãҴӦ㣡Ҫ޸ԼģҪطĲУԴ棬˽ⲻȻӦģ;ʳԡҪġ
ãֻǰһջƸǵĺӰȴͻȻһᶨ񣬸ɴӦ
ҶСͣסɽĿûϾԳвֻҶԨѣԸ⣬ǳҲġȴڣԼŽףҪȡģԼҶԨ
С磬Ҳضԡ㲻ӦھǰңһҪҶúõĻȥֹסĲȴһֱסһˮۿ˵ֻ꣬ѵ䷺źĵԼĲһ֡
ҶСҲ̲סʪеĺޣеĲʲ᲻Ըһ̱òҪֻʣһƬհף˵һ£·ʲôνˡֹֻۣסۣ۵ѾܲκоáҴӦ㡣һŴúûȥһ죬һ㡭ҶСĻδ˵꣬ȴʡ
ţҵ㣡·ĵĻϾһĨ绯Цݡ˵Ϊ֤ҶԨҶСܹ뿪ɣպҪں˱ؽʦţΥ棡Υԣؽزݣó
˿̣ԭŴѱ÷㣡
ãߣ䣬˵ΧȺɢһڡ
ҶСҶԨһǶֶȴվû˵һ֡תͷɽһ˿һ˲աԺΨһһᡣ
һƯȺȱڴòһ˿ĿһһɨӹȺûҶԨǰ˻ţǽһжѹС˿̣Ų·Ҫѡ类һ˫սսѣҶСȴδһ仰ֻһۣȴƺֱֱĵһ󺮣ǳҲڻԼǷ񲻸ôӦ뿪˵أȻǱͲҶԨҶС·Ҫ׽ǿ»ҪЩ鷳
ҶСͣ·ǸСӰ֮ϡԼԼʹ·
Ī롣
𣬱˼¡
ǰֻƬҲ˺÷黯Ϊޣδһ˿ۼҶԨһһ˻šķ룬ҶСȻһһҲ˵ĻȴҲδֻƬ
һֻۣһʤǧ


ʮ ĩ·
ҶСûôȻµõЩ˲ô׵ķǻ뿪·ɽʱⱩǣֻԭһӰѾɳԶֻһĽ⡣
лȻǱŮ̿·ڣǻҪšΪ˻ȡЩ˵
һ¹ʣϪԺѾȥ˶ʱ᰷ϵһͬ˳ȥϾոշ⳾ԺϪԺ˼ΧҶСԺûҪôɵȥӲƴ÷⳾Ժ֮
ʵȷҲҶС²һ˺ģûеȵҶԨ⣬༸ûһ㲨ۣ˳ɡ㳯ű߾ķȫٽ
ͬҶСһ²ҲӦˡոշûãԶԶдƬ֡лһԶ⡣
ҶСаǹȻɳ˽ʿĽ⽥ƽҶСٶҲ˼֡ԷǽʿٶȾԱҶСġȥ׷ֻǳ¡
ҶСлΣһһöͷСڻʱֻǽ׫У׼ʱáʱŷ֣ԼľȻѪԭ֪ǺʱԼ־ȻΪյָ̫״ơ㣬һ˿ڲ֪ϣֻʣµѪ
ҶԨؿڵ˿ڲ֪ʱѾϣȻ濴ȥѪһƬٹѾãֻǱļƤδȫϡֻޱ飬һԡ߳жһǣ֮ǰ޺ŵ˺ѷΣ
磬ЩôҶԨģĻյ磬ҶСĵײɵһ겻˵⻰ҶԨڵһ֡
û£ҲҪٺķƬ̾ͻ׷ϣ׼ӭսɡҶԨ֮ǰǱҶСŵģ˵껰ͻȻһƣҶСĽ⡣ͬһʱ䣬һ⸡˳
ҶСҶԨѾʣһһֱڸ͵ҲΪ˾ָܵˡʵڲ֪ǴӺζЩȻԴٶС
ȽʱƣҶСķҶԨһɲ֪Ӻζڲ˵ΪȷǷɢƾͺѹһĸܣȴѹǵɷݺᡣʶ֮УҶСĿҶԨ²˿˿ơ
ʣҶС̲סʶ֮ѯʣȴδһ㣬δش
ҶԨɢԽǿ֮ǰܵ˴˿Ҳ޸
ҶСҶԨǲҶԨָɽٶҲĿһᣬҶС㱻˺档ѾȫٶѾǼޣֻܿűԽԽԶ
ʱҶСͻһɳӭͷ£ԼСһ̣Լ㲻ٶȶȻɣŸҶԨٶȡԭҶԨԼڰҶСٶȡ

ҶСҶԨǰһԽڸִɵʿںһһ׷ҹ
еٶȼ죬Ҳ֪ǷɵֻǰһƬ£ͱ֮һƵĵؽ硣Ѿӵı߾֮µһҶԨҲ֪Ϊȥˡ߾ģΪǣǶº磬ңңȥȻûһ
׹ħˡҶԨͣ·ɽתź׷ԽԽ˵û뵽ǾȻӵ絽ʲôû֪Ҳ޷ɹڴǾһսɡ
ҶСҲ˵طҶԨĻӦһҲٶ໰ֻǾָŷĵ׼ӭսԭʶмҶԨŨīһڵĺɫڵģҶԨȥѾָЩɫҲ֪ʱɢȥҶԨɫҲָЩ֮ǰǰƱһĮģ
׹ħһܹϿȣϿֻ˵˽ȥȴδ˴׹ħϿҲ޷У˵ԪӤʿҲС˵䣬Ҳ˵ϹʿµĽսֹһ㣬׹ħȸܹԸоΧ֮еԽԽϡչȥҶԨ۵ѾʼɢȥǵٶҲȻ˦һսѡжʱ
Ҳϵƣ֣ԭۿҪ׷ϣǲ֪ΪһʿһĽʿͻȻ٣һ׷졣ǰ˵ĽͻȻͣסʱϲã׼ˡϲùϲãϾнʿҲУ׷׽ʮɡһʼҪȫԸ

Ƭ̹Щ׷Ѿǰ
ҶԨȻںû£˭֪ϵǴģͻȻڱ鲻ǲܣﶼйɣ򲻿ɴƣҶԨӵһḶһĴۡǴʲôԼû֪ˡҶС˼ӦսȴҶԨ˵ǽʿֵʿҪˡ
û⡣һȥʿʮˣҶСѹҲǲС˼һº˵ôʿͰдˣӺҾ㡣
ҶԨȻӦƽȴ⾪ȡʮʿУںͺڵʿûһҶСΪ͵ġ˵ĵʵȴӦŵӺԼҶԨԼҲ͸ʲôʵˡ֪ԼʲôҶСЩʿɱԼҲδػǽʿĶֵܷ֡Ӷ˵׼

Ⱥʿ׷һͣ£һʿǽʿΪɢΣҶСҶԨΧڵСǴͷĽʿʵҶԨҶС˿ɻʲôҪ˵
ʱҶԨҶС񱳺׹ħȣͱЩʿΧסֻҶС˵ʲô˵׷ҹҪͿ
㣿ݵ˵˵ĽʿΪ½ӣҲǽ׽𵤶ʿҶԨҲЩ飬Ǿ仰ҶԨģϵҶԨδ𻰣ҶСС䡣ں󣬱ҲԼƹһɽ壬һʲôʱһʿҲٷϻݺ˵Ȼôżھ·ҶԨҲЩ飬һʹЩ
һ䣬ɽһָȵϣ
Щʿú׷׼ɽʮʿ˶һͬҲ׳ֻۡɫͬʱò
ǾЩ˵ķɽոһʱ򣬾áһһһɢӰ֮ˤȥǱһֱڰ֮УȻ֪ΪͻȻɢȥôôߵĵطˤȥһʿҲܲ˵ġˣǾˡҴǿ˲ŷ֣ȺʿΪΪһ׷·ǻֺˣ˵ʱ֮ʱҪչǣδ룬δսǸո࣬׵Ķ

˻δлعһɢֻһˤȥת˲֮䣬ӶѾˤȥ
ϣŵô½һȣ˱ŵˡԷʹʲôӶ֪׵ˣ˭֪һǲԼ˶꣬㰾̤ż˭ľ׵ˡ½ӵĺȳ⣬ȴҲòӲͷƤȥֻиԶ⡭


ʮ Ϯ
½ӲϺȳ˿ϣԼһµͬʱҲһȣңңҶԨնȥҶԨ֮գ½ӱҶԨһʣ޼ԱҪɣľԼȵĽˡȻҶԨֶҲһӲƴԿҲ˵׼
ƽȮۡҶСսԶͬʿôʿΧҲ֧š˱Ϊǿǰһֱֵʶɱ˼ʿ⻹һʩչն֮ǰʶ֮й⳾֮ʱ߾ҲֻЩ˶ѣõʿϵǳǿ󡣽Ƭ̣ǱӰһʶɽնɱʿҶСһʼ̽⵽ΪΪ֮ˡ
ҶԨǱѾ½ӽ֣ҶԨ֪Լֲ֧˶ãȻ½ӳ⣬һȫʩΪӶδʹȫ½ɱýڽڰˡ½Ȼϰˣȴǻзִ磬ҲһֱҶԨš
ն֮ҶСֽննΪԸˣԷķɽնǰνҧ󣬶ʮߵͬʱնҶСҲ޷ȫ㿪ǵֵסʱһɽ䡱䡱䡱Ľնܣһ⡣һһʱ廢ϻ꽣ǰ󷭷ҶСΧϵֵһӯɱ˷ɽҶСҲòٵƶλãԱһʼһʮ߱ɽͬʱ˷ն
־һҶСڿʼϸƣм¾ҪѡʱҲѾ˰Χ˶ԷĶΡҶСʱʹǶʮ֮䣬ǶһҵԺ󣬲˵סһߣǵסһ˵ķɽǿûҶСôǿʶ˶Ҫ˶һҵͻûϡʮ˺ҶСһղϴٷУһ׷ҶСһ߻Ҫ˼Ҫ˵ͬ飬Ҫʱʱ֪ﴩҶС񡣶ҶСĳл޷Ԥϣǽʱƫ棬䲻⣬˷ʤʱǾᣬǧһˮƯµǣķǿϵӲĹȡԷɱĻᡣ
廢ϻ꽣һãһɽҲǡôʮķɽ̸ı˷ҶСϷһʿȥ÷ɽæ·СҶСϷʿҲŵһͷ亹æٻطɽֵҶСʱһֱڿе֮ǰʱһɽͻȻбҶСȴȥֻǲٿ廢ϻһߵһٻطɽֵʿն䡣׹֮ʣҶСҲھܲסϵĹһһžɢȥǷɽڱһ֮ѾС˾ųɣֻҶСֻбǷɽɳȥһ֮ҶСʩչնʱһӰɽʶ֮ɣһʿһƺ֮׹档
ЩҶСԿۣ㿪ʼԱҶСնȴǲںδġֻҪҶСʶ֮£ʱ㡣Щֿʼϣ½ܹЩҶԨǡǵǿ½ӵ״󾡽ͷһپ˴οˡΪǲ֪½Ǵսע⣬ֻǿ½ӽڽڰˣʱս⾡ʧ
Ƭ̣콣⣬ֻʣ˼ҶСڲҵʱ塢ͬνӵ˳ʮˣתۼֻʣˡ⼸ѱ˵֪ҲǸͷҲصɢȥҶСҶԨǱ߿ʼֳ߼󣬱Ҳ׷ֻննһ˺㳯ҶԨȥ
Ȼսӿʼĵʱ䲻࣬ƴԲ֪ҶСҶԨѾһ룬ǽʿȫٷٶȸ졣
ҶԨһҶСѾսԼʱижֿɬжҶС񲻹ڣȴΪηʿɬԼҲֲ˶ãҶСЭҲˡԼжԼϵ漣ҶСԽһʶΧ󣬱㴫ҶС񵽣С񣬿ҽֵԵѾѾݽߣ㲻סЩ΢ʱ䣬ҿӣҵȱ𣡡
ҶԨҶСپһףҶԨȻѾƿ;ȴûκ˼ͬδһ㣬ٶȳҶԨ
ҶԨҶСδԼȰ棬̸ҶСΪδʱ˸¡֮ǰʹõǶǰõһطŻڵ˴ط˷ȻԶʱڸĴҲǾ޴ģ޷ָġǴʲôҶԨֱҲ֪Ϊʹط󣬲δܵԼʲô仯ֻطҲǿһֱʹõģﵽһ̶ȺԼֱڶһֱ޷ʩչطȻ˾磬˭ܻḶʲôۡ
ʮʿƬ֮һʿȫɥ½ӲһΣʱŭȼЩʿвٿĵӣ˴Ϊ˸ѡԼӳŻɱҶԨкΣգ˳ŵӳȥҲöЩʹ͡ȴһԼЩӵҲܹ˭뵽ҶСսֲˣͬսһϼʮ˾ܺ˵Ƭ֮ڼԷնɱ
ͬʱҶԨҲ˲ȥǡ½ŭ𣬶ʱҲ֣ÿһʮΪʱҶԨնɱ
ҶСһ͸ܵһѹѹѹҶԨ½ͷųѹǽݺᣬֻһ˷ºɷΪ£ҶԨѹǿϾˣãȴҲ𲻵ʲôáʱҶСһѹĿҺ˵ѹͷţȻ¶жӰ졣
½ӿʼȫʩΪҶԨȴҲһˡֻÿÿնΪľٶһһ
Сҿ׼ʱͬһڴһҶԨٴδ
ҶС󣬲ϧֻϧȻʶǿ󣬵δ𵤾磬޷ϰʶȻԽԼնҶԨĹնͷҶԨһ󣬱ȻﵽѵЧȴֻܴҶԨкˡҶСڲȽʿ֪˶ٱٶȺ۽ҲȽʿ˲֪١ڣҲ½ӵγУֻ֮һҫĿ⻮ƥ
ҶС½ȥϵ廢ϻ곯նȥȴ½ӵĻⶼմͱ½ƺҲδҶСϡֻҪӣһЩνĹֻҪҶԨɱʰҶСֻ練ơ
ԽʱԽ̣ȻʱʵٵĿҶСҪľǾκһʤ㣬СļΪɼʤʣҲҪץס嶾Ҳһ׼ã嶾ȷɽڿն̣嶾עԷȥٶȺ;ȻͱǷɽࡣҶСھƴ½ӻ᲻

ڣֻôͬʱһζδٳҶԨͻȻⱬ䣬Ϊģһһȼ˲㱬ҿɲǼ䣬·е̫ҲҫĿȥ


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ԭҶԨһֱϸϸѰ½ӵĳйɣץסᣬ½ӵķɽһɳҶԨѾ³ɽһй켣ķȫһڶԷѷȴδϣ֮ʷ
֮ʽһƺ嫵Ļ棬תֱ½ӴȥҶСҲɣһʱնһڵİӰɽʶһһ߳½նȥǰʱǡóΡ
½ټԷͻϮ֮ʱȴЦﻹһ˿ķŭĲǡȴոշɳķɽ˿̾ȻٶⱩǣһת۾Ӳ˻ȥֱʽնȥֻҪһʤ档
ҶԨ½׼ҲҶԨܹ׵ڵģﻹױǸĲĻǻۣûġѷԷ׼ҲͷΨйעһ
ҶԨϾող𵤾粻ѡ½ѽ׽ʮ꣬츳ΪҲѱȶԷտοڴ˵Ⱦ֮¡
ҶԨǱűֻһʱ˽۵Ļ汻Ⱦ۳һֻ˻һֱֱ½ҲƵķɽ塣ҶԨʤڷɽںϽ⽣ͣ½ȴʤۺһʱɽԴƽֲ¡ʿսʵ̫ˣһȻ󣬰ź¡¡ֻͻ֮ʱƹʱɵһƬա
ʱҶСնҲն½һʼͲµҶСһʼɱʿ֮ʱõľʶϵĳĵȴδһʿʶпܶΣҲδϡʱҶСնֻкػʱһƬģһֻ֮ͷʹѣƾҪѿָоѾδ
ʵնʶɵĻ㱲ǧ֮һ룬֮ʹҲֻɲǹڽʿԾУȴѾ
½ǰһٶ󣬱ֻ˽ոʶ㱵Ķ̶һ˲Ѿķɽת˲ֻĻ֮ȫһ½ӾȻкֻ֣һУһֻƾ֣½䣬ҫ۶Ŀһµס˽ʱʽٶȽֲ¡½촽΢һ˿Цֻǽһת㿪ʼ˽ϵ˲ʱ۳Ļ㿪ʼԵмֲ֧ۿҪɢ⻹㣬ոձҶԨȥķɽһһȦٶۻƳҶԨնȥ
ʱҶԨȫ֧˽ǲ֪Ľ֣ٷֵó͵ԷնȴҲΣ֮ʣҶԨֻܵĳһзɳԭĽʼһܽ⣬ת˲һʵɽһȫɾ۵ķɽһʿھͿʼϰ۳ɷɽ̬ԹʵɽתΪĻټҪǣֻҶԨ֪δһȥֻĵһͷѡлǴ˵Ʒϵͨɽе
ҶСΪϾȽڲǱѽּУҶСȫ嶾ŸոսӴ½ӵĻ⡣嶾һײǻ⣬Ȼֻײһ͸һ㣬顱һѻһСֱӴ˹ȥǻոձƿСٶںϡ嶾ֻǴһС϶½ӵĻ֮ڡ
嶾ҶСͷųʱǺףֻǵһϢļٷɳΨɢŵİʾĲʲô춯֮½Ҳδ嶾Ѿ뻤һ㡣
嶾һ뻤֮ڣۡһ죬˲ʱըѿֻһźһŨīˮ˲仯½ں֮䡣
ҶԨ㲻ô£ͼ½ӱһź֣˽֮һᣬһƵ⣬ֱֱն½ӡɫŨϳһ潻֯һֻ½ӵľŭ
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ҶСֻɽ½ӵķɽ浲סɽԽ⣬ɲһ˲óƲʵһɢȥٶתΪʵɽһ㱻ɳȥ½ӵķɽһ֡һֻ̣ҶԨǷɽС˶ƱһŶӴӿжȥһֱ׹ȥӲڵϣ
磡
ҶСʶһȫеķɽֿһЩɾˣҲֻҶԨнֱڵϡ
ҶСϵ֮ʱҶԨƺҲ˵ʲôȴδ˵ڣɤһһѪӿ۵һ˳
ҶԨˣҶСҲڿʼЩһֻǲƴĸҶԨֹֻסĲš
Ƭ֮ҶԨڶ϶ĺ˵֣¡׹ħȡͬʱ򻹲ϵķɽ
ҶСͻȻǸղ½ͻȻ𹥻Դ˾£ǻʲôûͻΪĽꡣ
ڽѾɽڷɽ֮жںԼԪ񣬴Ӵ˷ɽԼΪһ壬ΪԼһһ㣬ٿͺԼĸ첲ָһԳⷽȥĲԪ񣬷Ƿɽ˶ȥҲ޷ʹá
ҶСæ½ӻδ붾ɽγһףԶԶ׹ħС
ɽһγҶԨסûһȴֹס缸ѪҶԨ΢ֹסѪҶСֽ˵ҩֱ£ԼҲһ·˼衣ڼҲ˲õҩķˡ
ΣҶСҶԨҲ޷롣̧ͷ½ӣһʼĴҷɣҪǶ֣ȴԼɵǶͬ޷ѣԺ͸ɴԭӲֻʱǺɫӦɢȥļӰ˽Ѿ֪䵽
廢ϻ꽣Χ½һܣȴվδնȥǱҶС˻ȥͨʶ̽飬嶾ͷųĶƻиʶ֪ǸʲôҲóȻ
ҶСԥһ̣ǺѾɢȥ½ӵٶֳǰǽڵתֻԭӲոµĺϳ˰߲⼣ֻ½Ӷݺݵ˵û뵽ǾȻд˵а֮ҵֻϧҪмʮ겻ˡҲҪΪ˸ۡ
һ䣬½Ӹով͸ӦɽڣΪڵĶ֣˾ûҲҪгɽģȴûзӦɵöݺҵķɽǵɶ񣡣
½жȻ磬ʵѾжոΪ˵ؽһɢĴڿҶԨѾʧȥսȻû취ĵֻҪҶԨҶСͷȥʹȻСɽҲͶˡοҶԨոʹõɽÿһǷƷ˽
ҶԨҶСδ½ȴԼĵʧ֣ͼҶС廢ϻХֱն
ҶСڵ棬һ廢ϻ겻ϻһ磬½ָĽƵ廢ϻ꽣΢һȴҶСʩչնʶ֮еİӰɽֱ½ӣɹϣ½ӳһοѽʶնһҲЧ
Ϸն廢ϻҪȴ½ݵʱڸ翹治֪ߵغ񣡡԰գʮָ˲ŮɢֱҶСҶԨն


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ҶԨѾƶҶСڵһһֻ־һֱϵĸҶԨͬʱֻʱʩչǴͷ׼ֻϧǣǴͷֻһšǼʮҶС޿ȫ£ܣҶԨ˻ӡ
磬ˣĪҪңֻˣǲȫҪ˻
ҶԨ˵ֻһۡľ˾δȫָ˼Ӿˣˡ
ҶСɫصĶҶԨ˵԰գǣѴͷֻ֮Ͻ䣬¹ַһһ֡ʱֻҶСһģҶԨϡ
ҶԨ䣬˫Ŀһ˼ҶС񣬲⡢ʡᡭָӸ龡ںһ֮Сһ̣ѱһŽʵʵɫâҫĿһҶԨƾʧˡ
ǴͷȻҶԨߣȻ֪ᱻ͵ڵĺδܰȫٻһҶСҶԨûеҩԼϵеҩ˵ĻǸ裬ԶҶԨע·ҶС϶иͷҶԨȴһţûеҩҲ˵Ĺȥġ
ʱҶСҲѾܣΨӲǰ⡣廢ϻ꽣ѾȴҲǵʮѣֱܵʮܱ޷֧ţ姡һʹ˻һɾɢȥ
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󣬱ֱȥûһ㶯е廢ϻ꽣һʹ˽ɢˤ䵽һʯϣһڵĵ˼Σͬһû˶
½ӻ£һССʿдͷҺÿӲǸ߽ٷһӹδ̫쿪ˡ
һ䣬ȥ׼ȥȡҶСͷ­½һ֮пķģֻҶСѪʵڲ뽫ԼЩһָһָ߳ⲻɢۿͱҶСĲȥ
ǽۿҪȥʱȴֻԭһȫѪڵϵҶСͻȻ𣬺ԵĶһ㣬Ѫֱ½ȥ½뵽ҶСû͸ûκηҪֵһ㱣ȴҶСնٴ˿ӣʶ
ոص廢ϻ꽣Ҳ˲ʱת·һֱ½ӵĺ廢ϻľ벻Զǡǡÿסȴֲ½лָʶֵʱ䡣ʱķδı䡣ԭҶСովһ
ը˵ͼȴƭýʿ½ʶָ֮ʱҶСѾ䱧סҪѣȴδ뵽ҶСȻǿ󣬺һϻǯһԼǯס½ѾܵΣǴո֮ʱ͸ܵһͷȥԼ廢ϻ꽣̴ҶСһȻԼҲС
ҶСΨԼ²½ӵҲҪʱ䣬õĽˣòʹ˻Ƿɣ׷ҶԨ
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ڣҶС񡰺䡱һ׹ȥǡǡ͵±ϡ
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ܣԲܣ͸͸ˣһ̫أŻۻġ½ʵڲԼոտĶ
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ۣȻʿҲܵˡֲʣҪе²ΣˣģڱĽʿҪͬʱȻܾȴȫˣԼָλȥ

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ǰʿʿӡǶݰţڸСɶ顣
׹ħȱԵһӼʮ˵ʿɹеٶȼѰʲôһ㡣ΪϴУ½ΪߵڻĶٶȱʧȥ׷ò͵ˣ֮ԺһЩٳѰʱȴҲҲҶԨӰ˾׹ħΪ磬פʿһ£ÿնʿڷԲ֮ΪľҪҶԨҳ

֪˶ãҶСһֱоԼһڰޱߵ֮Ưֱһ죬ǰģģĺƳһ˿
ѵûҶСɻ֮ܵƿһ˿˿Դ֭ҺɬĺƴŸɺԵءҶСʱ˼ڣʱŷǸ𱳺һȳζ
㵱ȻûȻôܳԶ
ҶСֻƾһʶԼҲܱ׽ȥŷ׹ħȡ
ǰԽһȴһǰһںĴ֩ռеҰһ֫һ֪ʲô·ûëٻɫģСޣһ֫ʱһСޣ͵ѪĿһЩ
ҶСһжʱһģԭԼȳԴ֭ҺòªСѪҺٻһ£ȸȳģѪҺζôһԼոջʼڣʱġ
ˣⶫԸˣеĳԾͲˡ
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һָѣҶСͷԼһƬ֮ϣ֫ȴʹ˿۾һ飬ſԼϽһѪ衣
׷ˣСѾǴң붯ٻҪ¡˵
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ҹӦһˡطǹ죬û뵽ɸȻͻĵط


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˵׹ħôҶСɻ۾ĴȥֻϧƽţͷֶֻһƬͳաﲻǹȵôգ
ʣӦһռƬڵλҲ˵Ǵڼռķ϶֮䣬ѹֻֻˡ
ռƬǲҲȥˣҶС񾪵û뵽׹ħȾȻǿռƬϾ˵ǰЩʶֻ˵ģڲһۣνĿռƬˡ
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ʲô㿴ôʹһƬ죬һֱղĻȼգѼΪ죬ҶСĴʱͻȻһɫ绮ϢľͽջơĽ˺ѣ˺һӣһֱûĴһֺſһŴڡǿֻһƬڣżһҶСû˵쾰󣬶ʱ
ռƬȶʱֿռѷ졣ռʱͻֶоͼ١ѷǳ֮кãǳڵĻͻɵһءǲСĴ룬ҲᱻɡΪ͵Ǿˡ֪ԼĻȻŵҶС˵Ҳ̫ˣһκοռĵ沿ֶǱȽȶģٻֿռѷ죬ˣҲǴӵصʼֻҪСһЩӦҲ̫ġ
ҶС񰵰զ࣬ʱոΪ˷ұİСֱ˦ȥİĿֲС޸˻С޺մ˲ٽö֫ĴĴ򣬲׼ҶСɫѪҺȣɫѪҺÿһΣҶСͶһ¡ɫѪҺڰĿУȴʲôζһ㣬һܲģ
򣬸ҳʲôϲ˵ҩôٺһЩҾͿԿָˡҶС̲סʵ
ЩҩǴ붼ҶԨôʣµҲ綼ԹˡֻһССĿռƬϡ˵ܻǣû취ġȥҪ˺õĿһ㣬ʵ԰ɡ
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ռڵˣҲǾġĪҪСˣһֻСҲǰĿãϾŽ׽ﲻ磬֮ࡣܹһɶǲ׵ġ
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Ŀģмֽţм˷ܵģ
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˵٣û˵ûСѾͷ޵ˣǰĿЩһֱԣ޿ˡ
ҶСڵϲֻܶʶΧֻǰĿһХ֮󣬾Ϳٳ֮ǰǵХȥڱܹͻڲϵĳԽԽǸ߶Ⱦɣܵļ죬ֻƬ̣ʧҶСʶΧˡ
󣬱㲻и˻Լײ֮
ԼĪʱ֮ԶĴ֮һХͣЪƬ֮ҶСʶ֮ڳ˰ĿӰֻʱһͷŽɫŵĹޣĵ˵ģΪĿӲǿǰеһȻѾֻʣ˰أһҲ֪ȥߵĽˣҶСʶҲøΪֻĿ»жദһԲ˿ڣǱʲôӲӲļ׿ǡ
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һͷͷĸ޴ǵľޱĿӱҶСʱʧȥ֪Ҳܵ˵Ĳ
󣬱Ŀһýеһֻǰצ˽ɫֻ֫Ʒ˺ôŴǾ޵˿˺һѪ⡣ռڵ޶ܹ죬ҶС޷޴޵ʲôֻǴ˿пĿ޵ѪҺǹɫ
Ŀһʱ˺ȥԼιʳҶСɤ۲Ծоһ¡ɫѪҺʱҲҲûһ˿ĶĸܡֻǴڴڵĺÿһѪҺ˷һ˿һȴű߼ʵ뵽ĿǸޣǸ˵ĻԼҲΪ
ҶСڴڵĺѪʱϸе˵㿴ĿҲĪҪ̫ˣ޷ָŲòЩ޵ѪʳǸСȷǿԿϸľɢָġ֮ǰ⻹Ҫص˶й
ҶСҲȲѪ󣬰ĿһڰѻѪҺľ֮дĿԣ׻Ǹޣһǰۣ֫˺ȻԵĺߺֱȫˣĿһ۲ųһľʬ壬һнҶСϸ֮С
һصҶСϸĿȫһʼ˿ûһ֯һɫ룬ԼҵҶСϸȻɲ°ĿͷˡﶼǻССһֻ֩ģֻǽտΪ֮ʣδ
ĿһաĿٶƼʱȻѾˣ
֮ҶСһֱǹÿţֻȰĿԻιѪʳӡ
ǰֻܺѪѪҺ˺ԻָһЩ󣬱ǺѪҺȥ⡣ĿʼܳЩҶС޷Ե⣬˺ҶСˣֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿŻŶ֫ȥմЩ˿ĹͷϹЩɼ˿ι档
ҶС񿴰ĿģޣһƤĻСͯԲʱҲ޵ָһЩһֱͰ͵ģ
ڼµʱĿҶСѾطÿһµ򣬱һͷǿ޳ǷĿҲԽսԽ£һֻʱһȥҲð̶ѡ⵹ҶСЩ͸ˣΪȻһֱδۼǽսǵҲܿļֻһͷһͷǿġĳЩޣ޶ʵ͵ġȻЩûıΣĿԻûСһ㣬ǻָԭεġ
µĻָҶС˺ڻָ˴롣ҶСѾʼһЩȻϡϾһʮһ㡣Ҫ֪ѪҺ̺ܱҶСյҲǼΪϡٵġȻʿȥʲôҩɱޣʳѪҺˡ
ʱšΪԶһƬ죬ûаҹ֣֮ʼҶС񻹻ƾоŹȥ˶ʱգǵ˺ҶСҲ㲻áĻָҲʼԼγȥ⡣


ʮ ź
һСɽһм˸ߵľ޴ĶѨǰҶСϢһʯֻ֮ʱ϶ͿĨһЩɫĽռ䲻Ǻһֻȼһ𣬵ҲǽһѴչһûһֲҶСڷĽͿϣ԰ڸϢΡ
ûãͼǶڴֻ̽˳ûʲô״޲¶Ρֻ޾Ȼһֻ򼣬ʮɳÿһֻצӶһ㡣ͷһ˫޴ԲδۣͷϷҲһֻԲֻڴϵתתȥһ֪ͷޡ
ͷҶСƻһͷˡһգҵѣǰСɽСɽ֮вѨһµͲ֪ĸܳ
˸ոǲĶڴҶСͰĿϢĶðĿһȥϣҶСá򲻸ˣȵͷޡ
ҶСɾֱߵ㹻ˣȻΪ̫һ磬õ潹һ
νӣãҶСһöڵһȻӲһͳŸ㲻״Ĵȥ
һ֮ҶСѾһȭǴĴͷһ󶴳һ̱ȥ
һ۶ڣĿûҲˡҶСַ󣬰ǰǿֻǲ۵Ӳ֮£Ȼѩѩ׵⡣ҲҶС˲˼һҪ׽סԭ򣬶ѾһĹɡ޶ǷݵģʵָＸѾûܺĿˡΪ˾ָʵͲϵɱﱾͲޡЩУΨЩӵӲ׵ĳζáʱĴз
ҶСõʱ򣬰Ŀڴɽ¶ͷһҶСڶζ̺ƲƵķһоһ̵˹ҶСͷʼԣβͳֻԵļ죬ҶСһڻδ꣬ĿѾ˼ڡ
ԵҶСһ̧ͷȴĿ滹ŽɫֻкʲôΪĿ̰Զ붴ڲԶĵطҲ֪ĿڶѨзʲôֵϻҶС棬˺һһ߽һ߳Ǵȥ
ҪһһֻĿĽɫ֮оһʬ塣һһ˿˿ĲʬҲֳҲ֪ȥ˶ãֻѾήһľʬһ³ȴɷոһ㡣
ѵǰС׹ڵˣҲ֪ȥˣʬ׾ûЩ޳Ե
ҶСɻ󣬱һ鿴˫ָʬѾɿݵļ⣬쳣ͣԼӴǰһʬվÿή֮󣬾ľҲʮִģֻҪ밴ȥͻױΡ
ʬô˼ͣʵȻ޷һ֡ӲѾǿһЩƵͽ׷ɽĽʯˡѵҲͬһʿҶС񲻽²⵽㿴ʲôûУ
ʿǰΪ²ڷڡƽ˵
񣿣ƽеֳ׽ҶС𾪵ˣһŵģ㲻ῴ˰ɣʿô࣬ʬҲĶɡ
ǺǣҿȷǷʿпܻҲ˵׼ԼҲЩţȷˣǿȣҲҪԪӤڲ硣οʣĲһ߸ʬǿȣʱΪͲԶˡ
ҶСһߺ˵ţһѰſʲôûС
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ҶСæȥƣһйȻжӷ϶ȥƺǿҶСѾ˾ţָ֮óʱʶһ̽ŷǿ鴫
Ȼ֪Ƕд˶ʱ⣬ɵҶСʶ̽ʱԾȻڡ
֮ҶСʶŴӴȴ˳˼˺һŻָ˹
ȻΪ̫ãԶ࣬ҶСҲЩݣʬǰĳһɵĳϣһҶСδ˵ŵĳĳͻȻħֵɣʿֿһսͳ˽꣬ħԶǿı󲻵֮ȫµԪӤʿϽƣʵ̫죬ʮʿȻˣ㷢ɹֱӽոѣʹħʱѷ֮Увӵдͨĸ߽ħǽʩչ֮󣬽ڵƽڵҲѳ˽磬ͬʱеϽոɾһҲ
˵ҶСûᵽ龹˵ħսǺϣû뵽λʿʱȻʱҪ硭Ҳ˵ˡЩħսҲֻ˵δսźͰǰҲζ
ʿ˼˵Щ⣬ᵽﱻ˽ЩڶʿûֹͣѰ·ķҶСĵĵ㣬ǺĺܳһȴʧˣҶСźǸոյȥֱ֮еһ仰˷ܵУԵ˵أôڽڣ֮УʹϢΪл֮Ǭ֮ﵱξȡҲ
ǬһڲӵеһĿռ䷨ʮַ㣬ȴֵ߰Ѱʿ˵ġڵʿУҲֻмԺĽʿд˵ȱο˵Ʒȡã涫Ȼ٣ʿǬ涫ļֵȻҲǲԶ
ҶСһʱĴǬǷǾʬףҲδҵֱѻӿйͷеİĿ˹ԭ·ҹȥֱﶴѨŷһںڰ֮ҲⲻĽ˿߱ƵСҡǬòƽƽһ˿˿֯ϸʸʮ㣬ȴ
ʶһ̽룬Ŀռ侹ȻзԲʮССǬſҶСˣҪ֪֪ǰ˵ҲֻСѡǾ͸ڴ滹Щʲôʱ뵽Ҳ鱦Ҳ˵׼
ԽʧҲԽءǬ֮зǲСʽӰ˵һѣģ滹и˵鱦ǵҶСЩóʱȴһһڿ֮лһң˳ָ϶ȥ
һ£ԭΪ鱦ƷͬڷȻܼ󣬸ӵرɫȴҪһֱû˹ͻʧȻ̼ǧȥҲԸокθı䣬ʱ䳤ǧ꣬ôӰʹˡҲƲ⣬Ҳδۼɻҡ
ҶСڵѪʿôǬû뵽ˣⷨ
ȻûõǴ˵ĸֱҶСǰǾʿʬǬ֮СǧȥʬܱҵҲԵֲǳһ˼ҵǬҵ˽ڣͽصҲãԼûʲôʧ


ʮһ 
ҶСѾһƤϹʿһ£ʵҲʼָʱԵȡϵİ¿ԭҲӦʲôϾ̫ˣ˲ʼһ⣬ҶСҲûʲôر֮ˡܺùԭһƤ
ʿԣЩʿһֱѰȥص˽ķôҶСҪȥҵЩʿµܳȥݰ취ˡ
ʿҲδᵽҵЩطֻǴᵽ˸ڣôҪҵڣЩԼڵĵطȻʿԼҲͻȥˣαҶСתһ룬ʿ˵ﲻʮƽҲǷʿҪҲò˶ãôأҪкԵԼȥ

ͨ벻ͨɻҶСʹŰĿ̤Ѱҽڣ·;ΪвʱִָССĿռ϶ټʱֲȱĽƣвһЩǽսƣҶСһֱǲȡеġһ̫ϡܹʡһһ㡣
ȴһңֲ֪ȥ˶ʱաȻδҵڣںδȴҲٷЩɣǾҶСнķߵĻʵͻԽԽǿֻ޶֪ô׵ģսһͬǸϵļޣҶСɢϢһģԸ޷жϳǵʵʲô𡣲⵹ҶСѵĿЩͬһͣʵˣ޷̽鷢ֵģ
ҶСҲ֪ʲôȥɴʵԽǿһֱȥֱһ죬ĿٱţҶСڰĿƽȵıŬΧЩϡΪáͻȻǰʶ֮гһδһֹΪֻСʶ֮бӦһģȴ޼ͰĿʼ
죬ǵһͨĿ⣬Ҫ׽סֻޣƬ֮󣬰Ŀ׷ޣԶԶһ˿һ±Ŀ꣬С
޸ձס֮ʱڲǷ˰ҲûЧãűʱ˻һʱҶСҲ˽ǰٿ޵ȷӦһʬѾЩطʼˣȴƤ˰죬ȻȴС
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򿪣ն޵ͷȡ
ҶСԴ޸Ҫܣ㱻һ׼õİĿһǰˢһնͷ­ͷ­ձն䣬ڵȦͣͷ­ڵȴȴͻȻһУһɺ˳۳һźӰ
ǣҶСҲ
ĿһźӰ߶ʮһһȥֱǺӰȥȻǺӰҪӴܣֱĿĽɫסһס󣬿ǺӰ΢΢ʼСӣʮʹһ㡣
ףһ򵭶龰Ҳ׳ҵ翴Ǹû뵽ĿȻס
ôйأҶСȻ֪йֶ֮ʱȴûҾ֪ǱЩ޻Ҫͽ׵Ĵڣ֮΢֮һߣֻڼΪ֮زܴڣһصĵطȻȻҲһƲл꣬ȴԪһƲۣӵԭļ䣬Բǹ֮С
ﵱħ֮սʱҲ֪жԩ꣬ЩҲ֮֡ǰ׹֮ؿΪǴ˽Ե֮㣬ûȹǰ»ԽԽࡣ˵꣬һת˵˰Ŀյֻ޺֣һﶼҪضܲ׽Ȼд˵ȹЧ֮
ĻҶСҲЩ˰ĿĿҶСȥΪ׽סǹɸһڳһơ

򣬰˵ģǰܻи֣Ƿǰأ˰ĿĲ²⣬ҶСԺô졣
ȻҪǰߣɵɽ֮Ȼ֮Ϊʢ֮Ҳڣڷ˹Ҳӡ֤ѡķûС
Ǻã

ʱգҶСĹҲԽǿѾʼЩĹ𹥻ּĹҶС񻹶ǿնɱģ趯ֻ֣ҪһǽʶΧڵĵͽ׹㱻ɱϾЩĳ˵һ֣ʶڵġ
ʱҶСǰȻһʯҲ֪˶ٷ˪µʴʯϻǿģķֱԹ׭дš֡
ʯĵطڲһ޼ʵĽʼһЩֲЩúƿݲݸ֦һЩֲǵûκѻӳĵøӹ졣
Ų룬ҶС㷢ϡĸѾҪܲĴڣһ˿Ҳ޷ˣԺɴҲͷͬʱҲʼܵԽԽĹ﹥Һδ̫ǿĹȻһֱЩţȴֻһת㽫ˣΪ֮Щնһʱ֮Ϊδָ٣նĲ˲֪١ƺҪһ㡣
ڹ֮У˲ԽԽĹ֮⣬Ӷʿʬǡǰ߿Ϊߣ嶼Ѿ𻵵ĲӣķʲôҲǲ٣Ҳһ;Ի˻ҽֻЩǬ˵׼Ժȥ˻Щá
ֱʿʬǣַַȤĶĿռУһУвʾֻƷʼѵƳɡƳʯԭϣʱʹõʯʵһΪͽҲΪġƷ֮ϣн񡢸߽ԼƷȵȡж̺ŴľԹʿֱգҲΪʲôҪֶҵԭ򡣶Щעơ֮ʱҲҪĵҪ֪еͽҲƳʯִܶ࣬нϵľͼΪټˡҪʯԻн񣬿ҪﵽʮһıԴˣԼʶˡ
п𵽺̶ܴϱʢŵƷһϾ˽ɲĶҪˡлһöӳҶС
Ǵ󱣹ܵľȻֻһöҲ֪浽ʲôϢ
˵ҶСȽʶ֮Уʱһ𣬡ôߣ˵ءܵԵҶСв֣ǸʱƺʮԵǴ˽һʿһֻһҪԡ
Ҳ̾ʿǡ֮ʱѾħ֮սǧ֮ãʱѾо뿪˽磬˽֮ʱдʿȴѾʣ޼ˡԭٲʢѾ䵽ֻʣ¼ʿ˵ȥЩʿԪԶԶûΪһֱо뿪֮Ϊ˽ʱѾ޷ĥһһ㣬Ϊ˷˽磬׷ݽ߶ֻʣ¼֮ʱߵ˷˽һʱҪдȥƶʱշУʱҲ޷ƶС


ʮ 
˶Ѿ׷״֮ʱʿδҪҳû˿֮ȡ֮ڣ򲻸ˣǧٹֵĳ֮ҵһֻֿ֮ϧʱҲѾǵƿ;֮ʱƾ˷Ѿֲѽ̫Ҳò޶գһת֮ͬʱǿռ䷨֮
ת֮ûƣ˳ʿոĥɺ󣬻δüһ֣ҴˡһǻԲ֮󣬴еԡ˷ν棬ν죬Ѫᾧ˷£Ե֮֮תռδ֮Ըһλԡ
Ƿ֮ǽǻԲÿһֶνᣬη֮Ҳ˵˼롣ܹ˷֮ˣضѾת֮
˭Ҳ벻²Ҫ⼸ûκĵط֮ҶСһ·նɱ˲֪ٵĹ
£ҶСĴһѰҵһֻСλ꣬ǰĿȽסҶСϹʿµķתһʩչԹһЩƬ̣ͼҶСλѱҶСһϸ΢ҶСڣ֮һ泩ȻҲһƼϸ΢Դ׹ҶС񻹴δô
Ҵ˷һر֮ҪЩı£ĨȥΪתԹﱾ˹ı壬ôҲ֮ʧһܺѣҶСΪȴ練ơ
λ걻ֻ֮ҶС֮лһСżɼɫ塣һСʵ̫ϸС۲޷֡
Ӧþν֮ʯˡҶС˵֮еһɫ΢ⷨν֮תǲѣһξСɡǹҲδⷨơȻˣͳ֮Ϊ
֮ʯǹ˷ʱһֶԻδ֮̽˵׼ʲôãҶС㽫㶪뵽Ǭ֮СȻＫΪ΢СǬ֮ȴԾɿʱҵ
ǹ֮δᵽ֮֮ȴҲ͸¶ֻҪǰнɡ
ԴҶСϰ֮ĵıǰĿˡΪԺҶС㲻Щ޵Ե޶Լˡ
ҶС񲻶ϲ׽λ֮꣬תΪڵҲڿʼӯ۵֮ʯҲָ״СһˡķΧǳϣһնûзı仯ɿʼЩǷߴ·
ʱһãҶСĵҲڰԼûɺ֮߹ʬ»һֱڴ˵ǻݽ߻Ԫľͬ
ڣһɱһȺλ֮һͷ֮ǰλ겻ͬˡﾹȻ޷̽õֻʶ֮вŷĴڡ
ʶСģҶСͻȻ𣬡ħ壡
˽ģһѰ֮ҶСæ̿ʶʹ֮ʵһֻʶпõĹӰȻҲѾҶС֣ʱһ󶶶ʶ޵οʼ仯ֻԭֻ׶ߵһţȻֱͣﵽɸߣʶҲֻһ޵ĹӰ֫پȫˡģƸɷһ㣬ֻצͷǡ
һȻﾹȻûʵ壬ҶСǰǿһʶ֮ȴһߴһצץҶСʶ
ҶСʶץ˼ҲˣǱצΪȭһһҶСÿһ£ҶС񶼾ʶһҲ֮𶯡
һתնתһڰӰɽҶСʶ۳ӰɽһɣֱΪħĹնȥ
ʶ֮춯صĽսʵ֮ȴƽÿκα仯ֻҶСΧǧ֮еλ궼ҿԶԶΧΧζ
ӰɽбϷǾ޴ħۣȴһֻצһ½ӰɽƫǰӰɽҲʲôĴ򣬶ʱתбһֱӽֻצնָָոյ䣬㻯һ̣ͼħһУһȻ˿Сۿɼٶֳָ
ΪǣħǴʶеģûʵ壬ĺ֮ȴҶСĶС
ʲô˵ħֶ˺֫ħҲ̫һЩԼǲ֫תڣƺûһ㣬˹죿
ħΪһ࣬ħ塢γɵһࡣǲʮǿħ壬ҲӵдգԽħʳԪǶ֮εٹ̶һ֮СЩʿʱңħħħһַ̬򵥽ţЩĵ˵ҵʱ֮УԪ˱ĵ󲿷⣬һСԪǿħʳˡ
ҪôɱʻʱҶСѾǵνħ֫նȴǱˡ
ħֻϺ͵ֻһΪڵʿɱ
ϣҶСĵһѹԼģϣ뵽û취ֻЩڵͿˡʵҶСһֱûʹκΪľǾȫĽʡǡ壬Ҳ֧ڴ˽жˡ
Ƭ̣и취Գһ£㲻ǰոϰõǿһ£ն֫ڱ֮ǰǱն֫ħҲǹһֱ֧ԹЧ˵׼Чá
ҶСĬӰɽҲħΪбǡñܹǹĴצȴһǹͷƤǵһͷƤոջΪ̣ڴһһɲǣֻҶСָţһֱ̱ķȥת˲ĻΪһţһ֮һҶСڣǹǼʮֻλҪöࡣɢȥ֮ҶСĻһСɫ֮ʯ
ȻãϵԭҶСѾ׼ҪˣھħҶСߣҲˡħֱһƷʯһ㡣ոֻôһͷͷƤôǿȫǻ˵ãĴСһͷϽֻλ۵
ǹһԼûʱŭֻһӿǱȱʧͷƤɻֳһ
ԴˣҶСȴǲˣǰӰɽնÿնһ㶨ħһƤ⡣ħ֮ǰƤյ
Ƭ֮ħѾֻԭһСòȥ仯ԭħɾͺһһ㣬۱նǷԼڣлָ˿ڡֻʧ̫࣬;ͻСһ򱻷һ㡣
ħȻѾҶСѹȴ֮࣬Ǳøӷ񣬵ҶСѽնÿһնһħ֮󣬱ֻѰλСħ㱻ҶӰɽһĻնϣˡ


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ò˳ӯľʱƱһ㣬ɢˬҶСһߵתһ˵ÿնħٶȻ࣬ڴ˵ΪҲ᲻ˡ
˻ǲ٣һֱɱħΪͬ޵ĹЧϼѡħ֣м֡Ѱħ嶼֮гȺεٻĳһ̫֮ͣõġƬ̣Ų²⵽Ǵ˽Ѿ顢ˡ
ѵĿռҪˣҶСʵ
־һҪ֮ǰռüȶȻʱֿռѷ죬Ҫ˵ﵽĵزҪ࡭
˼Ƭ̺ҶС²ûпܸղͷħһģ㿴֮ࡣ
Ҳһܡﾭϴսһֱû޸ֲ֪жΪ׵ˡħڴˣħ嵹ҲǿܡҲͬ󻰷һת˵Ȼڴ˴ħ壬ܻиǿħ֡ոһͷֻħļѣҪӱСĲŽǡ
Կȱ⣬ҵѾָ֪ʲôʱҵӦÿԻָˡ塢ûҲΨˡǡǡλԽ
һͷħ֮ҶСÿʱôһͷ˺Ҳ˹ɣԭħͺǰЩһ㣬ÿħռһռɽΪһ㡣
һУҶСһƽ֮ϣۼǧֻλ꣬Щλȫʿһ㣬һһƮԭأлһЩʵǿλꡣЩλУһͷħޡֻǹһХ󣬱ŵԽԽ󣬶ھһռһ㣬첻һɫĿг֡󣬱ÿλһϸ˿Щλͬʱħλͬʱһ˿ڵظЩλꡭ
ԭħƽʱǿʳЩλʵģҿǺƻ໥Ĺϵħ弫пܾڴ˽вյˡ֪ҲͲµõ룬ħиǿģֱħϿ϶в١

ҶСĲ²Ȼûڲ֮ȻħҲڲ֪նɱ˶ֻħ֮ҶСڵȫָˮƽЩħĹֱ൤ҩҪĺãΪԭԽֱתΪԹյƷԶ˼ҩࡣʹõԽԽ࣬ҶСնҲ˳׵˶磬һĵ׶ٸ߼ħһֵնɱħЧҲࡣ
ҶСնɱֻħȴһͷ߼ħҲδֱʱһµĹʬʬǽڽʬĻһֹΪĻûںΪһγɵһֹʬֻǣʬȴʬһ꣬ҲѸ١
ʱڰĿĴ֮һιﱻУʬڵĻҲ֪ǺʬۣһҶСҲη壬ֻ״֮иһ飬סҶСһ֮³һճҺһ㱻ĿסˡֻɫҺմ˿һ
Ҫ߳ˡҶС³ֵĹ̾ϧƺÿһµĵؽ磬һЩĹ֡㣬ڹ֮ķѵʱ¾һࡣȻħΪڵҲع鵽۷״̬˾õʱѾԷ飬ϣԸ顣ҶСڿνļ٣ֻδֳѡ
ȻûãҶСһƬһ޼ʵĹ֮䡣Ҳ֪״˴жٷڣֻһȥޱ߼ʣؽǲ𲻿ĹЩĹ֮󣬾Ͳʱһֻֻ̬ʬҶСߡ
ҶСǣڳ˹󣬽뱮֮ûһħĹңЩ۵ʬҶС⣬˺еʬٳҶСǰˡҶСƾǿʶǵĴڣʵһֱδ뿪ֻǶ˵£ԶԶĿҶСﶼǷڣʬȻ٣ЩʬЩʬİɡ
ҶСҲЩʬȴ޷ǲãҲʡȥҶС鷳ֻⱮַΧܹ߳ȥƺʿĺۼҲԽԽӦþľҲԽԽ˲ǡ
ЩʬȫҶСǴż¶зЩڳֵЩʬȻԽԽ̬ӽˣԶƸոս뱮֮ʱЩûһ˿ʬ
ⱮеһĹȻɢɢңʵƣӵĳʹ֮һֱڱ޷߳ĹЧﱾϹʿķڣԹһþԪӤʿʵõȻҶС⺺׷ֵġôҲδ뵽һƬڣķֲҲԻ󷨣Ҳδ룬ʱҲǷԱһֱգȻδ߳
ֱһգҶСǰվŸͬʮСͯʬʬǰؾͻǸͯڱʬȴɼǱǰ̬δʬһ㶼кܴ졣Ȼͬйһ㿴͸ʵƾҶСĲ²Сͯģʬض㼶ͣʵ
Сͯģʬһȴûһɱ⡣ǴӱԶһֱߵҶСǰͣͣСͯʬһ˫֮СĺҶСµİĿãҶСȴû֮иܵһɱƺ档ɫƤ԰׵Сͯģʬ̬֮оôһ˿ģ
㣬ߡˣ㣡֮ǰʬźͻȻʲô¶Ŀİ˵⼸֡һ䣬СͯʬʳָָҶСԵһɵĹҶСɻ󣬰÷֮ʱͼСָͯһâһָϸѪâֱȥֻһ֮Ĺͱһ˿ը÷飬۳·׷ɡĹļͳ̶ҶСս֮ʱͲԹҪҲҪϵʵĹʬתķȥҶС񰵰ԾΪǵڻĹ󼸺δжģֱҲһ׵ӡ
ʬΪԲƺҶСֵҶСȥԲչ¶Щʵ㣺㲻ӦҲа취ߡ
ʵʬǲ¶һ֣ҶСҲߵġһֱûͷӬתãҲЩ²⵽ԼһֱռʱѾ̣ǵһܴﵽڳԾĹﻹиˡڴ˵ԷԼͶˣ˵׼ЩϹʿЩϵڲ̶ǻѨҪȥˡ

ãһѪĹҶСǰǸߴɸߵľ޴ѪɫĹǰһ˸ֶڱǰûӱӰȥǵȷʮûҴ˫ƤϿȥҲȷķɫֻһͷĻɫͷɢԺ


ʮ 
ʬ˺㾶ֱߵ࣬Ҳ˵ֻǾ
һܾȰɣתƽ˵ͬʱ¶һĿݡſݵϣһ˫ȴ˲ɣ
ȷҴûﾹȻбĻŵˡҶС޹һͬ壬Ȼزʶĵ׻ЩġϾôǸ˵ϻͬ壬ҿԼҲûʲô⡣Ȼֻǳȴһɣƺ쳾ĸо
ŵˣֻҶСĻЦһ㣬ɫͻ䣬Цﻹһ˿һոչֳֵȻ顣֮ǰֳһ̶ˮĻھͿ˵޷ˣɫ˵ͱ䣬֮󣬵ǸˡͬʱԽЦԽ񣬡㿴ǻŵ𣿡
˵ֻ꣬˫΢΢΢ֱ˫ֻצ˫֮һâ˿ݵ㿪ʼԽԽǿ׳˺໥һ㡣ͷҲٶȳ棬ŵһ˫ѾȫûһģѽȫһĴצָ׳ָ׳˿˿Ѫ⡣Ȼû̫仯ȴǴӲźȮļ
һ˲ʱ䣬ȴֱˡΣɢҲһɣ˱һͷԿҰŰޣ
˾䣬ҶСڶղʹùҲ˲˼ޣҫϲ޷ɽֻµּ䲻һâ¡ԷɢƾԼܱ⣬ҪѵĻ۵ҲִСҲʱӭս׼
ҶСոͼǰһǹ˱ǰƾջһӰʧˡҶСӦ̧ܵұۻûɽδü͸ܵһɿֲϢһöɢϢаָױӺ̽ʺ
˻ǹҶС񲱾ţʮһ㣬ҶСƺܵοˮԼĲϣǺһȴûκζ֪ʱöʺ˲ָѲˡ
ǻ˵ζءһӰֳҶСǰɱ֮Ǳ룬ɴһֱ
һᣬǹ˵ͷ㿪ʼ̻ԭĳ̣ȫ¡ļʧָҲաûһᣬֱһģ
ղһ仰ôĲҶСҲ˵㾲ǹ˿ʲôԼղһΣӦþͲɱԼģ˵Լ
һ쵽ʱҾѾ֪Ϊʵڵ΢𡣵ıҸıע⣬㻹мáһҪЭȻҲӦĺô
ȻԼﲻ֪жûһˣʲôһҪɵġ
Ǻǣôȷһ㣿ôܹ㣿ҶСЦһ˵ոտǲҪҵ
㵱ʲôˣҪΪƾһʿܻߵǹ˶ʱŭֻһϵļ㿪ʼĶļ󣬲ѹûб΢ƽȻ˵ˡƱ䣬ҲΪţҲ㲻ҡҿԱ֤ʥӣƽΪ޵ľԶŵı֮ˣ
ҪҰʲôæ˵Ҳһʿܲܰϻ˵׼ǧ궼ûʿ˴˼ȻҪԼæȻ֪ǿһ㣬ҶСȴȷæǷܰģ˵Ҳ˵ǹƺʮϲʹҶСҲûʲôøС
ȻҶСҲеġһʿмַζЦЦƽ˵ҪʿȻûȴһҪæܶ˵̫ѡ
˵꣬ǹһóǿѪɫĹѪɫĹ˵ҪģƿѪ
֪ѪǺΪ޷ƿָһʿ
Ѫǰ֮Է֮޷һ֡ѷﻹ֮
ҶСǱãųһʣֻҪһһֱ֮Ƿܹ㡣һⱮǺΪҪƿڶ˵Ҳвٺô֪ôʲôα֤ƽ⿪Ѫ󲻻Ҳ
ߡ˲мһʮҶСּۻΪȴѹסŭһһ𵽣һѪ֮зӡһ˵ԪҪƿѪҪų˵Ԫ⵱ѪΪıҪסԪܴ˵ϢϮѪԪԱȴ˵̫أĹЩϢʼ˵ڻ̫ǿȴڲϼǿһջὫӡеԪɡҲҪ㽫ƿԭΪƾΪܹṩҲ޷ֿѪܹ߳ǹ󣬾˵Ӧ
ڶƽѪҪгϵĴΪȻԶԶһṩħ幩㲹ൽԲꡣҪƽѪڵһһܱ֤ʹΪѪıʿӦ񹦷ʶҲ档
ûк˶ûкôҼȻ˵㣬Ͳᶯ㡣ֻһ仰ܸ㱣֤㲻ţû취ˡ
ʵҶСǱضû취ִܾⲻӦ˵׼Էô˼Ƭ̣˵ǺãҴӦ㡣һ
ǹЩͷ˵
ҲĨǣ֪ǰǷ֪뿪˵֮
Ȼ֪Ҳ޷˵Ϊ򷨱֣ǰǽڣڣ֮һһռܹƶתп뿪˵ءΪҪ˵Ҫתǿռ󣬾Ҳȥġ
ҶСɻ˵֪˻֪ʲô֮
ռתҪǽʿҲƶοһʿҲ֪˶£ǿռã𻵡⣬ѹħ꣬˶¹ȥ¶ԻΪͨȥҲߣ⻹һӡҿҲû򿪵ġ˵꣬ǹҲĬ֮У˵а취ȥҲᱻ˵ǧ֮á
ҶСҲ˳˼֮УʿĴ֮ǰ֮вƫʿѾȥ˲֪ǧ꣬һ仯ȻСҲûƭԼıҪӦò١
ǰ֮˷˼ǹ࣬ʬʬϵǹڴ˵ӦǼ֮أҶСû뵽Ҳ뿪ôƿѪ֮󣬲֪ܷǰȥһ
Ȼԡа취ƿǷӡһԱֱռڡһɻĿҶСƬ̺󣬹˵
ãһΪҶСϴӦ


ʮ 
תҶСǰһΡħ㱻һ֮ϣҶС㿪ʼһԼת֮һɷɽûѪ档ÿһ£һС˿Ѫм䡣мͺһСѪɵı꣬ոһͱҶСһ̣յУʶ֮С
ǹԹȻ飬ԴԺÿ˶᲻֪׽ͷħҶСҲ֪ǹʹʲôӣʹЩħѾʧȥսֻһζսսҶСҶСÿնھȫòջڣΪ
ոһյĲҶСΪȻڷšڣѪ֮ϵһСͷ󱻿̻˳ģ֮ʱҶСڽ˵㡣ԭǹ˵ʱ㽻һͼֻֽҪմͼֽڱ̻һ󷨣ڴ֮ע봿ȿСУһƿѪӡˡۿ󷨾ҪɣǹƺҲԽ˷ÿ׽ħҲֶһЩ
ЩѪмҶСϸ֮У˵ѪеÿһмںʿԪǡÿΡ⵹ջ񣬶ҶСռѪм֮ǹ˿֮Ҳûʲô˵ʲôȻֻʲôʱƿѪѪ⡣
νжĥɱ¿ҶСĵľѪƿ֮˱㷭ˡ۲죬ƺȫȻûж˼ڶҶСԽͰ
ʱԽԽãǹҲԽԽʶǹԳơҶСҲûиʲô࣬࣬ûǰģĻ༸һ޶ġҶСʹһΣȴЦһ£δش𡣰Լ˵¿ǧ֮á̫ãͶٻЩ죬Ҳ㣬ʱֵĺһƺ쳾ߣʱȴǿƺʿźĳޣĻ֮б͸¶ɡҶСҲ֪Ѫڴ˵ϹʿɡЩǰӵ֮ͨܣȴֻضˣ׽ƳѪ˶ĸ߽ʿ֮а̶ȿѣҲѹʶˡ
ҶСдǣÿ֮ʱǾվһԣ˫ĿѪһһվһ졣ǲ˪˫Ŀ֮оŨŨ飬ʱת㾫⡣ʹҶС񲻽ӡǺˣǸŮˣȻǰֿ֮ˡ
飬ҶСҲڵʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ã֪ˡÿÿ뿪ʱж絶һ㡭
ѵǧϹҲǸˣҶСа²ţϷɽӴ˼ȣܹ콫ⷨϸ֮ƣƿ
ȻѪʵؼӲҲסҶСղĥһգѪ֮Ͽ̻һķַ󼸺һԪ󡢰󡢾ŹȾŴиɱˡơٻӡӳɵȸЧҶСδϰ֮ۼ⸴µķҲֻȫͼֽ̻ǡ
ҶС̻Ϻ˵עˡһ䣬Ѫ֮ںʿ֮һʶʶǿЩѾ˽⣬ȻʶҪݻȻҲǲ׵ġǷ֮Ҫ׼
ЩǰʾҶСû뵽ʱֻݲ֪ĿʲôէǵҶСİοҶСİΣʱܵвôѪͺܿ޷ƿˡ
ҶСҲٶԣʩչһֻħһź֮ϣʱ׼ĵȫϳתȥʱ֮ҫѪ֮ϣһôѪ֮ǰԷɽ֮ʱͨɽҲܹܵһЩѪɢаϢȴԶûƽѪϸܵ
۴ƿʱѪĳųֵŲųδֵסҶСѪƸոհ̻Ѫ֮ϵķϺҶСӿǷ֮УͬʱҲʼĺɹĵ
ҶСҲ㣬ڵѾ֮ǰǿ֮࣬ϲ䣬ķѵ֧šֻǣѪ֮ʱʶһһٳ׷ײҶС񣬺ƳˮϳҶСʶѪޣϿҶСʶʶɣѪҶСвĵطˡ
ҶСѴﵽɣʱн׵ĿܡЩʶʿʿйвҶС˵ȴûôΣաҶС񲻽ʶһЩǧٵʶҲû˿ˡѴﵽڶ㼶նѾû̫ʱǰӰɽԽ֮ʱ
Ϊ̫ȫĹעҶС֪ʱѾı˫ۡڵԼͣͶ뵽ǧٵʶ˹ɱ֮СӰɽÿһӰмʶһնϡǼʶոձնɱмʶٶ˹ǰȱλ
ҶС񲻶նɱЩʶͬʱѪ֮ϵķҲ֮¿ʼɢ⣬һɢĺӫˮвһ㡣ӫԽԽյҲԽԽⷨΪģѪʼгһ˿˿ѷ죬ѷոγ֮ʱӷ϶֮ɢ˿˿˵ĺǺһ֣ٶ۳Ѫ쾧壬϶ͺѪǷ󲻶Ͽһ㡣
ʱĳҶСնɱʶԽԽ࣬ൽѾǲסԼ˶ٱӰɽһӰɽڲնɱʱҶСȴʶ֮г۵ڶʶɽˡһ۳ɹʹնʽ˵㡣
ڣʱĳѷԽԽ࣬ǺѾ޷ȫֲǴѪı߽ǿʼһϸСȥûãѪΧĵ˱һѪҶСͷҲŲ١Ѫ쾧ӳҶСɢĳ⣬Ҳɢҫ۵ĵâԶԶȥ
ʶ֮УֻڰӰɽͬˮһ㣬Ȼ٣һɫĻͻȻ˼ɣ˲նʮոӿʶֹֻ֮ͣʮ˷һת·ɣһâԭʶ֮ڣһӰɽڻγɡ֮ǰγɵһܵǸոγɳεİӰɽӰ죬Ҳࡣ
ڣ۵İӰɽֳڵĽŨīһвһȫۣӰɽͺƷɼҶԭǱӰɽҲȾɽʱཻĺؾһ㣬ʶȺ֮ΣĺӰ켣ʱ֯ʱ롣ڸʶͬʱ˿δӰ쵽Ӱɽ
ѡ֮󣬱۳ӰɽͬʱӰɽҲ֮࣬սν˱ڶѡնҶСžٽ⳾ԪסĻ޷ɱҲԲƬ֮ھͻָġ
Ѫ֮ԵΪϹʿꡣЩ࣬ȴҲޡҶСٶȣ˶ԪҲǽסһ¾


ʮ 
ҶСնɱˬ죬ȴѪ֮ԪԽԽˡΪֹնɱʶѾнˡ
ҶСͻȻ룬ȻѪұ㹥ɱȥʶ̽Ѫ֮УӰɽ󣬽ȴʶնɱ
Ѫڿʼ֧һȭͷС鿪ʼžĵЩ𴦻ڲðŨŨȴվǵֲǷǿ󣬺δüۣһȥۿѪѾȥһС롣иһʱ̣ͿԳ׽ȥˡ
ҶСӰɽһѪ֮󣬾ͺȺһ㣬ɱĴӴܵʶǡЩֻЩʶҲȥѾõƤһĴڣֻʶ״̬ڶѡȻҲĻ´ʱѪ֮ѾǰҰѪɺˡ

ͣ°ɣһŮͻȻҶСʶ֮УֱͬʱһҶСİӰɽһ޶ķɽʶ֮һֻһ£㽫ҶСӰɽȫ
ҶСɻǳʲô״һŮӳʶ֮Сһ֣ЩʶԶܵ󣬶ҲǶ㵽һУǱҶСնİӰɽһ޶ķɽ㻯һỊ̃ԭءֻŮһʤѩͬѩҲͬѩһ䣬һ˫۳γ飬һ˼̻ζȻᣬȴ̺żĸо
ҶСİӰɽһ󣬱תɻصʶ֮УǰǰҪ֮˰ɣŮӿᣬʵѾǧˣҶС˾
ǡѪѾҪ飬Ѿ׷ɱЩʶˡŮ˵֮󣬻ͷʶĬĬǣҲǿ˰ˡˣҪ׽Щ֮࣬Ѫѽ飬ͷŹǰɡ
ŮӾȻΪЩʶҶС㲻㣬ôʵЩùֵظĵزȻŮӸûҪҶСǰ㡣ΪҶСܹĸܵŮԪɢǿܣûа취̽ԷԪʲô㼶λλߵı΢ȴȻȻӡϾͻᱻƽ⣬ҶСҲȷûҪɱЩʶҲٻ˰Ӱɽ
Сֵܣ֮ǰŵˣΪ˱ġʵ֮ģĪ֣ˡҶСջ˷ɽŮӾȻƵĸҶСǸ
⵹ЩҶСܳˣֻľڽǰ֮˽ȳȥ֮ҪˣǰĪҪˣСδ֮ǰ·ϡǰʱ˲ΪҺ棬Ҫǰ
ͺáҶС˵Ůӱ˪ݺƱѩڻһĿЦһѪҪױˣСֵܽʶȥɡ֮ҳȥٺһͬл㡣
ãǰأһ䣬ҶСջʶЩʶҲ͸ɴཫʶȫȥҶСŮ⼸仰֮жᵽǸˣҶСȴûŮӶĽз֣ͬһǡһǡ񡱡
˫ۣһ̽ڵд࣬ѪȴѾۿҪֱոûãͼڷӦѪ֮ѷ죬ÿһƶ죬ԽԽԽԽ֮еľӨҲ뵽Щ֮УЩӫ⿪ʼ׳Խҫ۶ĿҶСҲǷ֮Ѿٴˣ龰Ҳµǵ׶ˡ
תͷֻһͷҲСŻջ֣Ҳһ˵һߣһͬѪ顣ҶСܹܵԵ˺ԽԽء
ʱѪѾȫҫ۶ĿĹâ֣ҶСҲ̲ס΢΢Ѫʱͺ̫ƺ¶һ㣬һĹЩ϶ֱʡһĹԽԽ࣬ѪͳױЩâΧʲô
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ż֮һȻ֮ԭɶߵѪͳױ鵽ֻʣ²һ߸ߵһˡ
ȻȥǸ棬ʳ˼̻ģŮ¶Ρ
ŮӺһú֡
񡭡ŮӣŲķŵϣ˵Һ㣬һܾǧĹ¶֮࡭
Ҳ¶Ȼ㱻ڽֹ֮У಻߶ѡҲ֣ȥձΪŮ֣ȴֻһѣǿݵʱ˿գ֣Լϡ
һʱֻӲȫҶСһԡҶСҲ뿴ԧģתȥѼЩըõǵѪƬ˵ЩÿǲС԰ΣҶСϸҲ˵׼˴ãȻ׷һСҲҪѼ
֮ҶСڽΧܹҵõѪƬѼЩٹȥȴǸʬСͯǰĿİ˵ҪҶСȥ
ҶСһͷվɫʶһ̽飬㷢״Ԫչֳʮֲ֮ǰҶС֮ܵǿ֡ʡģΪǰضΪߣԲʹԪԻһָһȵĸоƷϵĲ죬ϵǿȡȻϾ缫ߣȴΪѷ·ʱ̶Ҫǰ紵ɢһ㡣
ҶСôţǡǡһ紵һͷߣŲˡ
ĵ˵
ֻҡҡͷڸҪģתҶС˵СֵܣҲˡ˵̫أֻʣһƲл꣬ʴðҿóϸ֮ǷҲһƲлꣿԣܷСֵҲҾϸ֮УȻֻʱģһҵʺϴķұ㲻鷳Сֵˡ
ҶСԪǿˣڡֺûгһ
ʹ˵ȻұҲҪֻһǰģˡ˵꣬һ˫ϧʬСͯһλСӣڱģǰһѲǵˡҲǿʬֻʲôǵˣһô
Сͯʬ˳ЩƺЩԡ
ҶС˼ȴ֪Ǻáϸ֮˭ûطȥסһģһ̧ۣƼվ֪ʱһָҲ˳ָ׺Сذһź⣬һ˫ҲǺǲҶСܾ˼
ʱ龰ҶСֲɻ֮ʡһᣬᶨ˵˰ﵽףҴӦǰǡϸڵƲлһʱʹеģܷǰҲұ֤ġ
̫ˣϲɫ滶ﻹгһʱҶСֱʣҶС㿴ˡͺһѩ֮ڣסһŻȵġͬʱչֳģһǻǧ鵽ͬŮ
ǺãҲڴлСֵܣ˸ֹ֮⣬ҲûʲôܱĶҿԱ֤гһգص˽磬һСֵܵ顣ֻׯִ֣˵


ʮ 
ҶСģ㣬в²Ϊʱ漰İΣɡ
²˳٣ǰھͳԿܷҵϸ֮аɡҶС˵ȴţ¿ЦϰĿԼϸ֮ڶԴһ齫ˡ˵꣬ҶСһתϸ֮Ŵ˿ʵַ֮ŲţֻҶСһ˿ѣֻҪϸ˽ʶ֮ڴһţ˽롣
šͷɫһ࣬ʱֱֳѩĮ̬ͰĿͬҶСϾֻڣϸܷݵ±˵Ԫסͺ˵ˡ
ʵǣҶСϸȻס˿飬ڼ˵УҶСʶ֮еڡһʧҶСϸڿΣһͺһþϮ͸˵ͻȻһů֮Уȫˬһ㡣ȻҶСϸǸ
ոս뻹Ƭ̣ҶС˵ٲҶСҪ̻ˡ
ۿʧʱеġƬ̹ȥѹֲסеģʼҶСҪ
㵱Ҫľϸ֮Уϸ֮пڴ˵
ҶСֱֻͬһӵе飬ʲôһˣ
Ǻǣ㿴ҲǺúõģ˵ţԭתһȦ˵ϸ֮һϢֻͣƬ̣͸оԪ֮ǰܵ˺ֲһЩ
˵ţɵҶСһۡ
㲻صĵġҶСϸ֮ͣƬ֮󣬹ȻƻָһЩ˵˵
ȿȡҶСˣ˵û꣬ɿȵ˳ſ˵λǰһиʣûھͽҲǰ׼
뽲˵һ롱֣ǳҶСϣֺ̬֮һЩ
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ѾǹˣһѰ뿪˵֮л뿪Ҳһߡֻ΢΢һЦ˵
ʵ̫òˣҶСһеĵĶʱȥһ롣
˵뿪浱ʳ˲ɣҲмֲ˵Դ֮ұȥ̽һ̽ĽգרࡣȻûʲô˺ȴ޷롣˵Խ롣
ˣСֵܡһһ󣬲֪˵
ǰܽܰһ
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ͬʱҲѯԼҪҪӦȴ˵ɵϣӦ˶ʶ㣬顣
ȻҶСڻЩʶ׶Լʲôô˵Ȼġ±Ӧ
ҶСӦȴһЦ˵ȻЩʶεԺ㶼ǲǡҲǶıɡԭҶСʶ֮еĻȥ

ҶСûʲôģһҵϸ֮ˡ
Ĵ£ʱұ˱֡˱֣ǽڣˡνڣЩϹʿὣĵطԭڴ˵صɾǽɡʿ֮ıɽҲһͬڴ˴ǰΪΪ޵ҶС˳𺳣˵ǿȴǲм
ǰһ޼ʵɽҶС񳹵ױˡĸӴĽޣǸĽ˶ľֱʣ⵽ҪǸôǿʢĽɡ뵱ʱʱһƷ½׷ɽѲˣҶСƷ廢ϻ꽣ǵرĽﾹȻװɽǰһû뽹֮С
ѹʿ˵Ҫڽڣ֮Уԭǻ˵к˿ԴĿյأҶС㽫Ǭڵʿźȡ˳֮ڴ˵ء󻹰˼ݣ¡ˣ͸Գһģ
˶ĸʽɽһû̫ҶСҲԣ߱ôſûδΪ̫öٵķɽ򲻸ˣһע⣬汻ҵ˼ʹõķɽ⼸ƷƷɽ㣬˵ЩɽԭЩʿѪıɽȻãɽϾͬѰ÷ɽѰһӦв١Ҽ·ͷʬ赴Щʬõķɽˡ˵ʬǸСͯʬ˽ȥǧ꣬ҲҶС˽ѾΪ磬дҲһЩΪҶСЩɽ𾪡ʵЩڣеķɽڵʱһ˵ʲôġ
лˣҶСһʱдϲвڴ˶ķɽԼһҾͶƷƷ˵׼ҵƷϽƷ׵ķɽƷϵķɽҪõȥκһһɻΪ֮֮͵ı

⽣ڣǰľͻ䣬زֻǽǿʼִĲԫϱڡԫϱڼЩбŵĿʯ׳Բ֧еһУ֤ŵĲ١Ļ֮£װƽĲ֪ʯĵ档ǰһƵĸҶСǰ
ֻǸֱƣߣǴ翴ȥȴֻ߰˲ߡһ㣬Ҳмʮ֮ߡһƬڣһЩ϶żмƺһ֣һڿ۳ͣȻһǺɢ
ΪǣΧĺܴһռ֮жƯŴ׳Ҳ֪ǽʯ޾·˪ʴȴδԳһֲģЩҶСֵ֮һľһһȦȦĲţͬʱҲڵС
ˡͣ½Ų˵ͨ߶Ҳֻô㣬̺ķ󼯳ʿѪǴһصһءһս֮ûܵסϮսҲ١սЩʿ֮󣬱ΪѹһЩδüߵǿ塣
ΪʲôռὨ֮أҶСɻռὨһѹħĵط̫˼顣
ߣЩʿӡܹ뵽Ļ֮תΪѵͲ뵽ħ֮ʯƶռôƺϹʿʮֲмʧˣǿռеһ̵ʱЩƶж׽ǿħǷ׷ҶϾ·֮ĴӲɢԼħʹǴ㣬ӲЩ׼ʹ÷뿪ʿ൱ЩԾ·ħͲʿԩȴҾʹ˰ݣתΪڡ˺㱻һЩʿ׷ӡӦǾ䡪жĥ


ʮ 
ԭͿռ֮£ҶС֮ǰʿĴµ˵롣ǰ龰ʵ˵ʱҶСٶȻʲôݣ֪˶֮¡ǰʿм٣ıƺЩʿûʲôøСȻѾһΣôضǹֳ࣬ȷֲǹֳģûһֵĹһҲԵɣ˵ܹ˾أӦΪӦڷϵġǵ˷ڣĿռǲסġʵȻɲ⣬ԻûкͷʿӦǸ硣
ĽҾ޷ˣΪ壬ҵƽ֮ӦÿԽġ˵꣬㿪ʼϸϸֹƽ֮ƽ֮ƵƣֻܹҶСĽˡ
֮һ鷳ǾҶС˻Уûԣڵǿ嶼ҶСܿģ˽֮ں󣬵һ±ҪƵƵۣҶСɹ˴λ᲻ȥƣΪĲǰ뿪ҪڵĹϾЩڿͬġ˼֮ȴԼѾ·Գԣֻˡ
ҶСٶ룬֮Ȼûãɽ˽ֹ֮СڼҲһ£ֱ۸ոһ֮ڣƽ֮ϸֳһ֮⡣֣ȴֹͣɽȭͷŵȥֱȭͷǵð̣ȴ޷ƿƽСսƤĽһ˿ڱٻظȻ޷˺ȴʼպһεסôҲ޷롣ֻ÷ҶСԼȥ
뵽˽ƵУҶСͻȻĿռмֲͬڿ֮з·ܵ˿˿ϸϸһ̽飬ȴûзҪŨ١룬ֱƵȥҶС񲢲ⷨйɣȻϸ֮пи˵ģԪƷ׼ߣڽϵҲǳҶСϣ¾Ҳ޷⡣
ǷҲ뵽ҶСϸ֮УȻҶСȴδԱ㱻ˡȻδϸ˵ԭ򣬵ҶСԼԭвٿʶǹ࣬㼶ҲòܲٿʶġˣǺ͸ӹˡ
ǰɾˣҶСָǰһСʯ˵ֻʯǺֲʣֻһȭͷС͸ʯЩξʯֻǽϸȥɷʵЩʯÿһֻһССĿ϶ԭС濴ʱɾʯɣʵЩʯƯڿеģֻΪǷ϶̫Сϸȥ޷ְˡ
ǴֱʣǾȻôĸ߽ʯΪۣѹתǧ꣬˴δʲô˥ֻҶС𡣲룬Щ͸ʯǸ߽ʯҶСһн׵ĶδͻȻ˶ĸ߽ʯЩš
˶ĸ߽ʯ治֪ж鱻ϧ˵
ѵЩʿѾѧʯ֮ҶСȵ
ЩżĪĵˡ
ǰѵ壿
Ѳµ˰ɣͣƬ̣ƺڻʲôĵ˵˼ѹȥǧ֮ãǰһ㡣꣬ħδս֮ǰ֮ڶʹפ֮䡣һʹפ˽ʹ߼֮һս֮ǰʹ߶׷ױٻڣһħδٻ˽磬˽ʿһͬħǱϾһΪݣȻҲֿ˽֮ɱơսһ˥䣬һδս֮ȫ䣬ֻʣһˡһȣһһս֮ħˣ˱ʱսսڼ䣬ڲҪɳΪսǿľӢʿֱǱħĸ͵Ϯʱڵϯӣɵʿһͬǰ͵Ϯߺ󲻾ãҵֱĳЩսĳսʿԽԽ࣬ĺҲԽԽǿңټЩ˵ɿǰһϵпɵһЩҲʼҲ
أҶСȴͻȻͣ
ҶСóڻ伫ΪĻ䣬ֻһ˵ͻˣʱѾֻʣһƲл꣬ڷ֮Уܡ֪Ƿ֮һΪﵽһ󣬱Ѿ޷ɱ㵱ʱɱǻһʱ֮лֻǻһЩΪˡˣǲһֱûɱңǽ֮С˵ļ򵥣ҶСϾ񣬶֪һЩƵĺݶɲô򵥣ĴݲĥΪɲѾǰģʱʧȥǣһնɱˡʱոմħϻкδȬִڳƷǰֻ࣬ǱȥΪ񱻷ȥΪõɵĵһʱ䣬㵱ˡ
ٺģ
˵ļ򵥣ϸʵĿֻڽʱӹࡣǰµ䡭
ԭл˶£һ˵Ǹ֮ˡҶСаʵֻǰΪҪЩأ
ʵ˵Щԭܼ򵥣ֻ֪ʵûж⣬ֻΪܹȥѡҿܻҪϸ֮ڴһʱ䡭ͣһ£ִżε˵غĵʮ꣬ͻȻһ츴ӵص˳ʱģҲŷ񣬸Ϊʷ仯⣬ԸҲù֪ıԲǶġ
ĽͣҶСĵ׸ɻȫûҪЩ֮¸֪ģɲű˻ԭĽԼؾ߱ˣǰ룬ͻȻһʣǰǸѪô£
ѪΪ˼֮ܵ࣬Ѫ۶ġֺ޲ЩʿҵΪ㽫ǲѪ֮Уһ֮ࡣͬʱ֮Ҽƽ֮ࡣ

ԭֻڵĸҶСЩ£ͬʱ۵Ĳÿ˸͸˽һ֮ҶСԸֲͬķٿ̼Ǹ߽ʯɵС
۱һС͵ķѹƴԳǧδȥԭ۱һ·󡭡С󷨼Ϊ̣Ҫȥ±ֱӲǿռҪѡü΢壬˿˼֮С
ҶСÿÿһС󣬱㱻СڵһɢΪѹĶǹ࣬ԶԹ˺׵Ҫתһ̧ͷǡü֮һһɢһڴܳĺ
׵磬ǿ󡭡ҶС񰵰ţƬ̺ͻȻʵǰռ֮Ҫ׵֮תǿ֮Ҳ׵Σ
ͬ塭Ȼǿǿˡֹ֮бñˣ繥ڵҪתͬôǿĻᱻգԼǿڴڵҲɼΪǿ˺


ʮ 
ǰþ֪ܷ֮ȥҶСĿ
Ȼû⡣ȥҾ֮ѵҪˣҲͻȻ˷ҶСڴʱף㲻֮Уͬǿ׵ġԾ֮ҪƿȻûκ⣬һ̽㷢ҶСڵȻѾﵽͻƵҪҪѰ˽˽ʿ׽࣬˷˵Ȼ֮ǰδע⣬ҹϲСֵˣ
СлǰΪ⣬Ҫ׿»ҪһʱģӦֻʱ⡣˷Уұӽտʼӱȡսף֮ƳֻʱܻȽϾãڴڼ䣬취Ҳû뵽õİ취Ҿҵİ취ˡ

֮ҶС£ֻһսסȻҶС˼Ÿ֮ڼ仹ҪҶСȥֲ̽Σ̽ʱ򾡽ʧܸա
ԴҶСϸפ֮Ԫ״Ҳתÿնʱڸе΢֧ʱŻصҶСϸ֮СһҶСʱ
ʱҶСٿ߱ɽϹԼʽҲȲѣҶСһ֮á˿𾪲ѡ
֮вϽķɽƷɽȻƷ׵ķɽٶҪǰƷ½׷ɽ࣬ҶСֻҪвƲȱϴһ˿
ЩɽǰЩΪʬ赵СͯʬʬһĴɽеļʱһѵķɽڵ棬ҶС񲻽һֵ˲г˵С̯ĸоʬСͯ˼ɽ¡ҶСǬѾٱɽˣֻϧЩɽҲƷ½ףҲֻôѣƷƷġԽƷķɽԽҪг̲ǵƷ׵ģŲᵥΪžˡͷŵıȷҪҲһˣҲ̫ҶСˣЩɽѾ㹻ҶСһзɽˡ
ҶСֻڸոһռ֮ʱ֮ɱħޣʱΪ̫٣һֱʡһʡһǸ᲻úķһֵġںе񶼾һ߶ĥٶԶԶĳ壬˺ȣڶŻ㲻ҪȻ²֪Ҫʱ׷Ľȡ
֪ΪӰ죬ΪӴöˣҶС̬Ժ˺ܶࡣڼҶС˿֮̿󣬸Ƕ̾ѡżҶСһƳ֮䣬ܹ֮кôһ˿һʳ߼ʱеһҶСͻȻճʱ龰ʱδԸܵԼĲмĿˮ
ҹĿҶСΪٵţΪڽף塢ͬޣרһ壬ʮʱ弸ΪɽĲϻýӲͬľżһ㣬Żͣ·ɽתȥ⽩֫塣˿ޣЧȻļ죬˺ҶСٿطɽƫҲὫԼ˵ĳλĽһЩֻҪ໺һ±ɻˡˣҶСδףһʿƷɽҲ޷˵ˡ˵ǿȣѾǿʿ
ΪҶСʱѴﵽ˵Ķ壬ҲΪ֮ǰʹ˴ħѴﵽ׽𵤵ҪҶСΪԶԶǰĽȡûûҹĲ֮ͣ£ڼºҶС˵㡣
𣡣
ҶС߸һ֮к̺ըҩһ㣬ֻá䡱һͬڵһҵ˵֮ϡǾϹսдĲ֪ʯ壬Ȼһδ飬һȭ£ȴõһٿȥ֮мϸֳΧҳȦľ紵ɢֳҶС
ȻҶСֻǵذ壬Ҳδ飬Ҫ֪ǵʯǾս־ǧ˪ĥµġ

ҶСӣŸոպƣʱһɹɾơڣѾǿֻҪ΢΢һͻһŴ˴ν׵֮ҶС񽥽һЩͬĸоܹģģĸܵҲתĳ͵ļͳԵ壬ʵֻģ֮ܵǰΪɽĻýӲʱһ˿˽ӲڷɽƤʱҲôһڼγɣֽӲЧ
ҶСվ˳˼֮С伮֮ж˵һ壬Ҳ塢ͬﵽǷЧյ֮ϰǽλħ֮ʵЩλħ嶼ھ棬ҲʶġҲ˵ֻǡķǿԽʶתΪġھ֮תŵôڣԼֵһ˿˿ʲôأʶܹתΪǷ֤ЩֻֻҪҵǡķǿתģϾ˵ףʶֻĳִ֮ѡ
ҶС֪ڤ˼˶ãƺ׽˳ʲôƺʲôûз֡ԼոҪץסʲôβͣһֵĹǰȴʲôûˡӦ֮ʱһ̧ͷͿѾǰ
ܺܿͿԽףǿԿʼ׼ˣԴֵһЦ֮ҶСɫһ˵
ҶСôڽ֮ʱûƿѾȫﵽ㾳磬˽׽Ҳˮ֮ˡ

ЯĽƴ֮⣬˶ԶԶڴ֮еҶС
ʱҶСֻվƷʯɵķԱߣֻ羢תҲŲϷһ磬Щʯ϶֮䲻žĵͣ
֮ϣŨصĺԽѹԽͣ·ҪֱѹȵĽƴǺ֮УʱһŴһĿռѷͻȻƺƣһڵĴɵΧĺƣһŵСǿռѷ֮У᲻ʱҲһ׳硣
תȻ֣һ͸һ㽫ҶСڵУÿÿĵ̼ŻԳ
ҪˣѾҶСڶμʶ֮ϴֻǸոͱ˸ǽ׽٣׵ҪһǿࡣҲòֽġ
ٵľƽƣóְ취ԷɽЩô˵Ƚƴ٣䵽ϵ׵жǿȿǺ˵ġǧҪΪƴ֮췣ȡɵİ취˵׼ŭ֮ġ֮ǰҶСоʾȻˣҲֻҵĲ²⣬ֻѡ
ˮڣ˿¾ǣڶû¹ۿҪ׽𵤣ҵ뿴׵׻ǿʲô̶ȣպû֮ܣδнˡҶСԴϴھһֱһֱŹɾͷŲĸܡȻ֮ȴη壬мڴ


ʮ ɽ
δ٣ڲֻܳΪٵѡֻо״ڵŻתʣҺ״ѹۣΪһö״𵤡
˵ʿĽѣʵҲʿ˵ϿɵĹֻ̡о׵ĴŻʵת䣬һӽڵԾ׶ʿҲ˫ģס٣ô𡣵ùȥǱߵһ㼰ңΪڴٽת䣬ʿʵԽǿҲԼΪǿҶСʵڵҲνһָˣڶ֮еʿǾ޵֣жƿνԶ
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ҲûкǿҶСһü˵֮зЩʧģ
ˡǱҶС˵ΪǷ˾̫ȴ֪ϴҶСʱѾ٣Ǵεǿʵȴ˴϶٣ҶСʵѾ˷츲صı仯Ϊ֮ҲӦñϴǿϸʮ˱ȴ뿴ӱϴҲûǿ٣ԶԶԤڵģŻ˵Ļ
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ҶСȻóлС˵־һ㡣ʱϸ֮УҲվԶҪбһۡ
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ݺʧԪܾĥǧȥȴɸĲӡһ˫ֱߵżε˵һ˿⣬˵Ԫ汻ѪɢһնҪ壬Ϊᣡ
˭أҵԪôױɣ˵ʱԪ֮˶ѾʬֺθأԺĪҪ˵ɵˡͣһ£һЦ˵Ҿ͵ǴӦˣҪǿסҪʱ֣
İɣ׶ѣ

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ܰɾľ֮棬Ҫδδ𵤣ҶС˵ͬʱȻɢȥԭʶʱֱӺҶСϡ񱩵ľײڲȼҲСиľ֮žתֱСפ֮
ո˵ҶСһҪɢܵʱ򣬾ҲŵˡڣȻҲܴﵽͽ𵤵Чľֻ֮һС֣档һЩûϵ׹һɾһˣҪȵһδɾҪȵԪӤҶСɲĴûᡣ
һζɽʱҶСոϰеĴæȴһҶС㣬ҲתѲǵʱǸæҵСͷ
תҶСʶѽȣ֮쳣һһҪĴҧײȴ󶼱ҶСŰҪķʽתﵽĹЧ𵤵ľҪһЩЩ֮˶Ծ̼⣬뵽˵֮󣬱С֮һ𣬴̼ת䣬һСżɼ̬΢ҲС֮γɣΧǹ̬С΢ǺһճҺ̬ÿÿһ˿֮룬һҺ̬ת֮Уٽ𵤲ʹǶɽʱ֮ڸɽ֮˴˺֮ʱһôǾǽһ־֮ٽ۳ɹ̬ɱƽޡҶСʣµļ֮ȫڣô൱ƽ׶˰Ŀޡ
ȻҶСҲǼΪðյģһͻҪСʿֻҪ۳ϸ΢һСŹ̬Ҳǽ𵤳γ֮ʱַǷ֮ܵˡϾ˭ҶСǿ壬ĵͺ

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ǣ˼ˣҲԴζ˵ЩҶСʶԼδǸܺõľԽҶСԽԽ˼Խ˿͸ˡ
˵Ϊ磬ȻңԶҶСһУ޷ӹǵ۾ġɢȥ׻ܣȻҲΪ֮ȻΪҶС׻ܾܲס׺ɢȥ˵λῴǻҶСɢȥ


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׾ҶС񳹵ûһ֡һζɽ֮ʱ֮ͬķֺգʵΪʱֽ֮ǿǰףһЩҲԻʱգڷųҶСաڵȴʱ˼ʹ׻ܣо󲿷֮˷ѵ
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һ֮ǵڶ£ƺҶСĿٶŭĹƣ֮ܵѾԶʿӦеǿȣ֮Ǻڱϣ޷ܡǾˣҶСӲûʹκεķֻ֮ʹ֮Ϊá

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δشĻֻĬĬţħһִšԶֻƾһִ֧ŲϵµҶСƺ˵ԼԼֺγִţӲֻ֮Ӿ֮˳ԣִ֪˸Ҫ˵İ

ĳ̶ֳ˵ҶСˣΪܹõʵԸκԼܻܳǲܳܵĿʹʮΪ֮ͣʱܵİ裬˲ƽʱΪЩΪʹ֮¡ڣκʹκο࣬޷ķ֮֮ʹܹᲢۡڣֻҪһ˿Ϣ˺ֻҪܹʵӴʱķԸһԡţҶԨҲţҲһһ㣬Ϊ˻صɶϧһмʹ
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֮ԣٵʼٸߡҶС񡣴ʱֻ빭ʹͷ˿ɢմȥ˫Ȼ࣬š

ΧһƬžֻõƳصĺָ֮΢΢һһһҶС֮δüյһС˿
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֮ڣһöĴָָ״СĽӲСתǽʿĸڡ𵤡
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ʱҶСĽ̫޵Ĺâһ㣬ɫ⣬ҶСľ
֮ȻǰΪ֮𣬵ҶСȴ쳣ƽԽԽƽƳһ̿ɫӲһͷ¶µĹͭɫƤǿԽԽֱȥڿ֮вϷ飬ֱͬʱҶС񻺻̧ͷһ˫Ҳ֮
˫۵һɲǣһССƬռ֮кһǻȼɫ档
һ˫һ׵̶ˮŲ䡣۹֮󣬲ֻмᶨһš
ԡԡ
ҶСʼ˵һûһ£ӹؽڴ
ڣҶС⣬ƻһˡΪı仯ɢʡһ¶âУǰ㲻еԷâ̫¶ĲʣȴҲ֪Էı֮С

ҶСոնɹ٣Ķڷʵı仯ʵԼһʱ粢û̫仯ֻȫԼı仯ӦԼı仯֮ۡոֻһԿһ𶯣һӰ֡
߰ɣ
һͳҶСҶСȫûпࡣ


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ΪжߣҶСʱǳڵ˽𵤡ٿȥĲྐྵδԽԽԶ
ǺǣϲСֵܶɽٳɹ𵤴ɣ
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Ӻûʲô󰭣Ҫָͽɡ˵꣬һǰֶҶС˵Ա˵¿ǺôģҲЩȥɡ
ҵ˿ԳȥķҲҶСһͬȥʵųȥֻҶСһ˶ѡ˵طʱҶСһЩϸ΢֪ʶڵҲ֪Ǻԣκ֮âȫȴֲѰ塣

ҶСһͷӦһ֮ǰһУ㽫Զŷĸ߽ʯ֮У뵽ǬСһ̽鷢Ʒʯſ첽׷ȥֱĴȥ
˵ӡ֮Ȼ߽ʯҲ󣬵ûǰߵֵǣη󼰵ĵزټΪںôһŸ߽ʯǶҶС˵ǲ˷ѵġôŲ۵ĸ߽ʯԺҶС񶼻𵽾ԵӰ졣

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ľѹҵһ͸ܵһֵĸоؾľԭ򡣡˼Ƭ̺ɻ˵ľֻ֮һ꣬ѵ
һѾҪˡĬƬ̺ü֮Գһǳ˵ûɶûеĲлкθɡ
һľҶС𵤴֮ʱڷѿ˿ӵ˳ȻӴԺľѿҶСĺôԶľ֣ȴûһ˿˷֮顭

֮ǰҶС
ɫ֮ߣɶ˵ĸоĳľ֮ɡҶС񿴲Ϲַʱڴ֮Ͽֲֿ̻֣мһͷĿͷŴĸһͷĴһ𲻶ȼգһͷһɵĲתСС
Ӵţ˵Ҳӡǧ꣬ûеշӡŵֻⷽƿϧʱӡŵʿǰƷӡԼ䣬Ҳ֪ʱӡֻⷽƿ̼ʹš
ãҶСδϰֹ֮Ҳó̺ͬµķ֮ġ±㰴̵ķʽʹŵķӡת
ֻҶСһţͷһţ׷³һһһ𣬻һУת˲֮䣬ԽԽ󣬶֮һڲɢ
˺󣡡ֻһ
ҶС˱֪ҪȥȴֽѾܶͷһ²δȴβƲ±ŵͨͻȻ޷̫ͨ޴֪Ҫȥֱжķ
ʱҶСֻԿһ񣬱ࡣֻסҶСһҶСӲȥ
ҶСֻԼһסһ˵ʲôܣֻЩϢڣ½¶ʱָƶԼһ֮£˳ԶԶȥ
һأͼһȭǲС
бһȭǺˮһһ󲨶󾹴֮дһ޺֮޺֮δ֮һͷͷ̬һһ˳
޵ʵһͷǿһͷһͷȻ׺ݣʵҲһʵһȭ㽫ɱޱƻһĨŨīһڿ֮Сһͷձɱ֮һͷڶͷѾļ޼Ǳһ֮ɱڿ֮Сÿÿһͷޱһ̱һɱ˺ֱͷͷޣǲʲô𣬶Եֵһ
ڣڵСͷҶСѾǵʲôΪˣΪ֮ǰֻ֮ܶʱѾ߼Ѿεޡ˼лû⣬ܹﵽν׶Σ˵Ѿﵽ˼ϣҲ൱ʿԪӤھ硣ǰ漸ֻѾεޣ⼸ֻѾǾżʮˡ
ͷһͷʯͷɵޣʱǸͷϺɫƤ֮ʯʵ·˫֮ûӣֻȼյһÿһƺƴ󣬺ʯһ㡣һȭ֮󣬱˲ϵ֮ǲˣԼֱ۴ȭͷʼһѿͺһպʯͷϱˮͻȻըһ㡣һ֮ϣʯͷ޾ʹ˱ɱ
ͷһͷɫƤһĶΪóöһͷǸŮޣǻȴкݶȫԻëװΣнһ䵶ÿÿ֮¶֮
ͷٶǰ˼ϵ֮£Ҳ֮±һһɱʿսѾ仯ǰ˼ھѾӵеͬԪӤʿʵǵս͸Ӿ춯أ֮ʱȴʵĻᶼûУת˲֮Ѿɱ
ͷޱɱ֮֮ڲµԾ˺һвʧ
ҶСԿľȻһֱֻǺһ㣬Щȭӣÿһ֮䶼δ̺һ֮ѵⶼҲӦû羢ֲŶԵġΪѾﵽܹͷڱȼʵˣȻپͶ֮׾ٵĽЩɱġʵ˽磬ȻȻ󲨵ġڶ֮ʱҶСΪߵҲǽ𵤺ڣԪӤʿδһ˵Щֻڴ˵֮еķʿ˵ǲսˡ

ûˣαͼ׵Ҳ˥˲٣ǿϧɱЩ֮ǻعԭĴ˵ǿǲˡ
һ䣬ͼһȭȻҶС񿴲˼ȴóһȭǿ֮ǰɱЩ֮ʱÿһ
һȭд룬ûκξ춯֮ҲδҶСԤ֮еǴȻһ򿪡ֻáۡһǴžһ㻯Ϊһɫľľĳڳ߿ӣһ䵽档


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ҲδкζƸոر㻺ֱҶСǰ
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αͼǧǰҲǸ챦ϧ˥ˡⶫûʲôˣʱĻӦ㹻ˡֻͷҲص˵й;ʵ̫Сˡ
СлǰҶСһϲⷨȻôʹãǸոѾչ¶šԺԪӤʿҲеֵ֮
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˵عͷȥǰšҶСȴԼԼԺһȤ
˵ҶСҲδ롣Ͼʵ̫󣬶ʱԷҲûҪɡֵⷨµġ
ڱϿһͬսȥǿռ󣬵ʵʵֻģϹʿǧȥӡĶҲܶԸġǸոһţҶСͲ
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ˣһ鱦Ʒʱ㻯ϸϸ׽ɡԭϸ֮еҶСģЩͷ˵ȻҲ֪αͼ׶ҶСش󣬵ȴЩָ߸ϵ顣ϾΪҲӵͨ쳹֮ܵģȻ䵽ⷬأȴĵҲôһָ˵ķǣȻָ߸ϵģңһֱҶСЩأһ˵ĸоڤڤбҶС
ҶСǺһЦ㽫αͼǬ֮Сڿ벻ô࣬ѽ׽𵤣ֶôһɺʱֶһ֡

֮ڻΪ̫ãʹŸոմ򿪺󣬱һɳʪܵζһȥ㷢Ĺ߾Ȼ䵽̤ڣһƬڰ֮С
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ҲѪɢĹâҶСиܵһϤϢҶԨѹܹ֮ϢɷȴδֳֻǾĸ
һᣬ㷢ΧʼһĻ꣬ЩĻ׺쳣ԶҶСڹڣּ֮𡣷׷˻ŷĽֱǸһ뵽ѪâķΧܵ˺ܴ˺һ㣬ðһ󽹺̣˿ȥԭѪâãڷ﹥ֻЩոɢĻһ뿪ѪⷶΧֻٶȼųȻٶˡһֱֱҷֹͣˣҶСﲻǵЩɶ˻˼
һ㣬ֵĹһ͹һ㣬ǾȻԱѪâ档ЩĹȴƶЩѪâ֮ڵղһ㣬󾡽ǹâ֮»̡ҶСȴδע⣬һϸڣǾЩĹ֮󣬱һԵһ±Ѫȥ

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ҶСΪЩ˲֪ʱ
ôһʾҶСŷǡÿЩĹ˹һ㣬ʱ򣬡ԭԼҪ˹Ǳģ
ףԭѪ򲻽з˺ЩĹһջǵ˺ģջҲġȻҶСҲ벻ѪиΪֲ
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ҶСͷ̿ˮҲ֪ʱѾһָסЩָ׸úѪȾһ㡣ʱʱģῴһͷʼ硭óЩǲ֪ġ

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ҶС񾹲֪ʱϸ֮˳ֻһһֱƮǰͬʱҲǡǡסǽһڡ
ôˣҲ𺦣صϸȥһͻȻ֣˵
㲻ǵôӦʲôôֻʵĿҶС񻹴δ
ô᣿һӣ֪İ֡ǲ˵ͿԼֳָס
֪ˡȻ˵䣬ʮָ֮ϸһѪ⡣󣬱ʮָȫƱնϣѪȥֻ֮һġ֮Ǻƽʯָ׵
񡭡һŵȥץ֣Ԫ֮ץסֻ˸ա
ûµģӦһ̫Щصϸ֮ȥɡ

һСβ֮˱ּ̤ϵ·̡侲࣬ûһľٶӺȥֻǺһЩЩ̬ˡ
ӵĲ㿪ʼ㿪ʼ٣ȡ֮ǽ˼㼶ĹյѪҲ޷ֹǡǽ뵽ѪâķΧ֮ʱѾˡ
һᱣסҲɱЩ߶ԶͿԼˡòκ˵һ߲㣬ǿռԭͲڵ߲㡣
˵꣬ȻҲֻ֣ۿЩ˹â֮еĹﳯҶСȥЩҲ֣ЩϽģǻƹҶСȥ
ҶСҲǰ׸ģ֮ǰǶЩмֳѾڣ塢Ҳڽ׽𵤵һ˲ͬʱ뵽˵Ĳ㡣ĲΪԸЩûѪҲҶСû̫вģֻ̫࣬Щˡ
ҶС˼һתʶɢ˲串Ĳռ䡣תն˲䣬ڵİӰɽ֮ΡϢķնȻЩĹҶС֮ǰĶ֪ǿ˶٣ɽ֮ûñѾ뵽ѪâΧڵĹնɱȻҶСնɱЩͬʱȻȻתЩһһĻΪյ֮ڡ


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ֻҶС˼һתʶɢ˲串Ĳռ䡣תն˲䣬ڵİӰɽ֮ΡϢķնȻЩĹҶС֮ǰĶ֪ǿ˶٣ɽ֮ûñѾ뵽ѪâΧڵĹնɱȻҶСնɱЩͬʱȻȻתЩһһĻΪյ֮ڡ
ȻЩﲻЩħɵǿ󣬵ȴܲסࡣһСᣬҶСѾܵЩԻ۳һɺƵԼոս׺塣Ҫ֪ոս׽𵤣ȻΪͻȻڶɽ֮ڵҲһ䣬Ҳﵽ˽𵤳ѡñ֮ǰҶСֻһˮװô࣬ȴѾԴľͰʢˣȻ֮ǰ࣬ȴҲֻǸոոǹǴľͰһ׶ѡΪҪıֲ̲ڵȱ
ҶСͺһˣɱζһ㡣ӰɽոջɢһĻ֮󣬱㽣Ӱ֯һֱ֮ɱЩѪâ֮ĹЩﱾҲǱЩѪģҶСȴǱǹâȥɱǡڣҪԼ֮󣬵ܹﵽʲô̶ȡ
ҶС˶Ϊļ仰һֱͳҲһ˿â
ֻӰɽһһͬʱһĹƺҲ֪ⰵӰɽۿҪУͼǹͻȻһԭг˴Сĸͷ˲С˲һߣСĹＸֻʣһŴֻצӰɽɹ֮󣬾ͼĹȻܳ˫צֱŰӰɽȥȻмܶⰵӰɽȴ֪Ȼ̫ͻ̫ţȻȥǰӰɽĹոմӰɽצ˲䱻ӰɽնϡһδͣЪ֮ǰӰɽѾͷâ㱻ɱͬʱҶСתǸոձɱĻ㻯һҶСУһӿڡһɲˣҶСʱԭĹڽѪâ֮Ȼʵˣ䱾Ҳ֮ɥʧ࣬ĹŻһֻ͸ϵ֮ǰЩѪâĹֻһ
ҶСһֻĹͬʱѾмֻѪâ֮СæٻذӰɽƬ֮㽫ЩĹȫɱƬ֮ҶС˰취ֻҪĹҪѪâ֮ǰԷɽסʱΪɽʱȥѪâǲ뵽Ѫâ֮УͲҶСõҲͻˡ
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ȻɱĹΪҶС鷳ַʽȴܹں̵ܶʱڻôǱ֮еҪﵽ˿ٵҲǲܵġص磬ôĵһ¾һ̲ͣĸϻصɣܶһһ֡
ֻ֮ѪâıԵӰɽͬʱն£ɲ֮㽫һֻĹնΣεĹͺһһһҡΰڶɢȥڣһֻĹҶСն¡
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ҶСʱδ˵ʲôֻҶСնɱһֻĹ󵭵˵֡

˵㣬Ĺٶ֮࣬ҲֻмʮֻĹѡȻҶС֪ǵļλ֣ƾԼ֪ҲܵӦöѾ൱ʿļҲ˵ЩĹʵӦҶСͬ׵ġʵҶСҪͬʱԸʮͷʱѹҪ˵ûоѪâЩĹʵǼģôһΧҶСɱһֻҲҪϲʵ⵹ն޷˵ǣΪ̫࣬乥ҲΪѸ٣Ҳƾצץҧ׷׻һֺںɫѪâ൱ڽʿĹѪâʿ˵ǼΪаľ綾֮մȾһҲĲΪܻ⡣˶ĹΧҶСֲҳѪâսֲ˾Ⱦء
ȥ²УƴˣҶСҧҧ촽ü΢壬Ŀ֮һּᶨ󣬱ҫŲնһ̣ѾһͷĹ࣬зɽһ콣⣬ǡסĹӰɽצͬʱӰɽԽĹצĹﴩöҶСת൱ڽʿʵǿĹһ֮±աǿĹնɱ֮ѾתΪƵľʵ𵤡ĹߵǿʶҶСʶǿҲܴáΪնһֹ֮⣬ǺܺõһֶʶĹ
ҶСѾ뿪ѪâıԱһͷͷʵǿĹԵΣնʱνȻĹˣʧȥ˷ĳ̶ֳ˵ҲˡһվĹΧǲĴһ߶ܹһԷɽն϶ЩĹһоѻΪϿٵƶҲЩĹİΧѹʱС˼ɡ
ֻһɽ˳ƥ֮вϻһѤҫ۵Ĺÿÿǹ֮󣬾ͻ֮һͷĹɱΪ֮ǰҶСͶ塢ͬޣʶ֮еİӰɽеķɽȴҲϵ޷죬δΪҪתնϵķɽκεæҡ
ٿصԽսҶСλʱҲʮֶݣ˺ж⶯ɱһͷλ󼸺ͬʱ֮ѾλաֻһĨĨλֱҶСַȥʧ֮Соһ˿ΪҶСʹЧһֱеĲͬĻ֮Ȼλ걾Դһɷȷ޷ģֻĴʿڡɷԽԽ࣬ջᱬӰʿǡҶСǼᶨΪ˶Ļ꣬ҲûκӰġ
ɻ֮һ˫֮âҫʱӺƻ׵̶ˮһ㣬ӳΧѪâͬѪɫԡ˫ۣʱĶҶСе̽ⷽڲϸ޷ٿʶȴҲԼе̽ⷽ
ҶС̽ȴֱ֪ɱһͷĻ֮˺ֻʣ˰䣬̽һ·ָ첲ֻصѪâ֮СԭոΪ˶ĹѪâӲһצҵø첲£ȴӸץ˰ء·ʱٵľ׶£ȴĹһצץˣҶСҲЩСۡ
ոջصѪâ֮Уͼһö׸ҶСҲ˵תǰȥ


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ɻͺ棬ҶСһ߸һ߽ʶ뵽֮Сʶһ̽룬ŷ֮пľȻһ׷ⷨǰ벿־ȻҶС⻹Ϊ֮ҶСǷĺ벿־Ȼνޣʿ֮ʿһͬǿ壬ԴʶҲ
ҶСȴⷨе𾪣ﲻνʶ֮ΪҪ书֮ûرصᵽļתﲻΪ塢ͬޣϰô˷֮ٲΪĳһֽ̫Ľ̡Ҫǣ׷չһ֮໥תĴţͨţҶСȻ֮е˸ʶ
ʶҲΪĲעԽǿֳֻͬ״̬ͬеԲͬˣ˵ףǶһ֮У֮УڲϵĽŸת磬һֱһʱʧ𣿵ȻᣬֻǷתѣɢع鵽֮УǻΪԪ񣬻ɱ˹ֻҪ㹻ǿ󣬾ҲȻڣΪҲһֻҪ㹻ǿ󵽿Բڣô֮ԿԱԪ𡣾ͺñڵǽЩɱ֮ʣȥΪáֻ֮ǰֻʶ룬óһ׷ȷһʹá
ҶСõ׷ǽתչҶСǰȻ׷ֻǽνЩΪãδԡ׷ϰͨ͸Ժܴ֮ﵽΪõľ硣ͺñͨţԺҶСߵĸԶȻӶʽɻǰֵҪ֪϶ٱ
Ѱ˿׷˵Υ׳ĽΪѭ򽥽ܹܵҩ̲ҲǽЩŵرƵĵҩЩ龪ƵаҩҶСȴˣаֻӦõķйȻ֣֮ҲЩùа֮£аҲΪ塢֮ˡӶԭ֮еΪСڣ׷ǽӶķΧ˶ѡ˶Լɱ֮˳۵һΪУкβɣ
ڸոϰ֮ʱҶСһ֮еķʱéٿһֱԼ׽͸ⶼûȻʣڻͨ׷Ȼ̺ȷνǶһģǰҶСӴ֪ʶ֮дδԹġпνᣬ̺ĵѲ⣬һʱ֮ȴֻţҪûЩʱվ޷ϰ͸
ڲϰ֮ⷨʱҶСֻǴִֿ֮󣬱㽫ϸ֮СȻҪⷨҲһ˵ҲŶԡǲл֮ܶã˵ԺҵЩʲô취ҶСϸ
ˣԽ͸ˡ˷棬Ի췭ظı仯һǱⲻ˵ġֵּķȻ׸ҶСδ˵һ֡Ը˵ҶСȴҲҶʡΪӦϸҲصĴлġ
ϸ֮еҶС˵һݴ񣬴˾ԼĹ˻ֵ̿ĵز
ҶСдɻĬĬЩɻҲֻԺ⿪ˣ˵׼Ժ̽һЩ
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㿪ʼռѾԽԽҵýƸرһ֮㷢һ֮оǿһģҶСڽʶ׷ɢ֮ûзʶԵǽڵģںҶСʶΧнȴȻ޷Ե
ҶСǸһ˵ܵЩĹΧȫɱ֮ãûһڡ
˾ͬڹĻĮ֮УΧûһֻһƬڰ֮ôһϳǰнǴ·ƺ֪ôһ㣬ʱʱңżֻתһС֮·ķȥ

֪ѾáɻΪôͻδ߳ҶСͻȻ˵컯ڽ֮ʱÿһ㶼ӳӦǡϡָºķأҲңӳ֮⡣Ŀռ俴ƿһʵȴвϵĿռƣʹ޿ռΪޡûаضķнζ߲һġ룬һתѾڶҲԶʧС
µķ󡭡ҶСоȣпϹʿķ߳뵽ǰô׾ͨδҡҪû·Լ㴳˽Ҳ߳ȥ
Ϻºҵ֮ҶСǰڳһͷĲϣһһ̨סؽ׶ϣ˴ʱһƬµĿռ䡣
һ룬䷨Ŀռ侹ȻһƬ̲֮أһɴůľҶСʵǰô£
˾ͺñһǶһǴ죬˵ĸоͺѩһ㣬˵һůůĸܣҲ飬ڰˣҶСɻ󣬱ϸϸ͵ӦЧִġ졢ء߿һΪ߳룬硣ʱУϵڶ˷أط죬취ȻȻҲǵ棬ļ򣬶ԼҲǴкôġ
ո˵꣬˱һĵһͷͷҲ֮ǰĲͬﾹ֮емֻֻֻצӣڵأ棬ڣơҶС˺󣬿̬֪Ѿ͡
Ϊ˵ػߣߺˣٱΪﵹǿҶСĻҲһ죬һֻ˵Ļδ̫Ц
ҶСҪ𻰣ͼ˫ͻȻâһһâֱֱȥ
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һֻһҽУǺβͣȻֻƾһͶϵβͣʱǶβͣðһ̡
ҲŭٳϷһĆ£ֻѽѽѽĿų˳
ϣԴϷʵҶС
ҶСúǹϻżŭǻۣԵΪ㼶ȻҶСҪˣҪʤҶС񲻷һǲˡ֮󣬾ϸ֮еЦ
ʱɲΪηЦ֮ʱת֮䣬ѳ嵽ҶСǰˣҶСҲﰵҲӲ֮һȴǶԼ


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˴ҶС񲻸дֻ΢΢ǰԭصǹԼ뵽Ѫâ֮Сֻڶ̶̵һ˲֮Ѻ׾룬ת˲뵽ѪĹâΧ֮Уڴڼ䣬ոնϵβҲѾ˳˳
ǹһѪâ֮󣬱ҶСɽתŻһ⣬Хֱȥͬһʱʶ֮еӰɽҲѾɽ֮նȥҶСֽѾ׽𵤣ʹõڽڣ֮ѼƷɽԶǵտɱȡȻδɽһչֵѾˡ
ɽҲܣһ¶Žһļڷɽеһ˲һŭӲĽǷɽҧ˿С
ҶСڶطɽɽ֮ʢʱ䡣ƺҲЩͷһڣ㽫ɽһ˦˳ȥֱ֮ɽ˦ҶСٻطɽ
ͬʱնûӰɽȴδͣЪһ¹ֻӰɽĲ£նɨ̡ȫ޷˵һ֡ӰɽǱβɨǱҧסβƺ쳣ͣǰӰɽֱնУ˺ģӰɽβɨãǱĴҧסһֱӽӰɽҧɢһᣬҶСѾ˼ӰɽʶҲġ
ΪѪâ֮ʵˣֹһ֮ķڲܲ͸硣ҶСһι֮гһ©Լһֻצ¶˷֮⡣ҶСôãСĻҲһɽӰɽԳֻצȥȫ֮£ֳ䲻±㽫ǺצնһĿӣڹЩӿѪһй¶
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ˣʱȫһƹҶСǹڶϵĹɢȥ֮Ҳٶ˳ﱾûʵ壬ڵҲֻɹûԾȱβȵҲ˲ͻûֻʵˡ
ڵģȴʵģԽԽ¡һֱѹֱ˶ʼŭֻȫѹһֻǰצĻ档һΧݵرӦֻһССӷɳ뵽ЩϸСط֮СǰצٶĻ棬Щϸº£
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Щڲȫ̺ŴĹʱԭĵʮ˲֮УݺᣬѸٱƸǣЩҲͷĻһ㣬ϷζʱҲ֪ﴵһ磬εЩڲһֱ죬òˡ
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ҶСһ߶ܣһ˼Ӧ֮ߡȻʱֻǴִɨһԼķȻĻ֮嶼תΪôɢĹӦҲתΪŶԣڹӦøײŶԡ뵽Ҳɣ±㽫еһϸԼӱ䶯ԵĶɹΪþ֮еĹͬʱ֮
һ飬Ȼãʱʱ֮İ취ʹõķӡƣȴԿΧ׷ΧڵĹһҶС񲻶ƶ任λãԽԽڲݱ˹±ԭϸģ
ҶСҪףҶСǴķҪҶСҲͬѡһһ˽ֵСֵУҶСȴڲƻµĹݺĻһһ֮£ǿֳŲչҶСķҲڲƣٶȺͷΧڴӣս֮Ҳڲ
һȴôֹۣող¶ԼĻôҶСƻۿЩʱܻȻЩǣȴǲ㣬ʱʼ
νʧŭǡһոЩǵĹ֮ЩѰ޶죬ȫ֮©ٳ
ҶСתΪضʱһֱͺƶڲݴ֮׼ɱıӡһлɳˣȫ˳צãĽ˺顣ҶСĸצȻеƷɽնûİӰɽˡʱǷɽȴǱСڣҪȫ֮ǰĹɱ
Ƿɽն̺еѣǽ֮УɼҶСĲ㣬ҪʩչܽܽʩΪʵ嵽˺ǿ֮ͬƾﵽɽʵģٸ߽һЩҲ۳Ʒɽһˡ
һ֮δСҶСͺһ㲫Ӥһ㣬ͻҽʱնһʱһзɽÿÿն֮ӰɽٲûǱƤΪӲзɽն֮԰Ӱɽ׷ЧνѡʩչһҶСƱԳ
ֻǴһƬ̾ͺһȫǶĴ©һ㡣ֻ©й¶ȴŨĹЩն˼ΪҶСڡ
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ҶСۿͽΪġ桱ﳹյ֮ʱͻȻϸ֮еֹ㲻Ҫˡ
ҶСȻɻǷЩͷˣϻͣľ󲿷ѾҲһˡڵѾֱֻ۴ϸġС桱Ҳûʲôʧ
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ԭô˵Ҳǰ׷һҶС̾ʵȴҲԼ׷Щ⡣ʼЦӦþΪˡ
ҶСһ䣬һЦ˵δأڲѾôһ˲ĥʱ䣬Ҳûʲôʧôαͼֻ½ľٻأһĹȴ޷ֻ˷ѵڶҲﾡˣ
˵꣬Ҳٷϻ㽫αͼ̸֮ҶС񡣵£ҶС֮£Ȼڵϲϴһ뵽αͼ֮С


ʮ ߲
ѹĹЩͬƺûеһɷԭǴαͼ֮ӳľꡣ
һֱ𴳹˴ġˡء߸λõĿռ֮ڽһ㡪߲·ϵҶСа뵽ͬʱлڰ²ֻ߲֮
ĵУҶСոһͷΪα֮⣬֮ҲոһͷģαޡЩαƺѾٵԼ֡ƺڸռݵĿռ֮ҲԼ־ͶǰӦڿռ˼αеα޻еα޻ײأеα޹Ӣȵȡ
αͼ֮еʮαҲ¾롣Ȼ˵ʮα޵ʵѾ˥䣬αͼ׵Ҫʵʮαޡʱڱ޶ʵν쳹صһĻԶĻ֮ռ˵㣬Բ²Щα޵ˡԴȴиɻ󣬾ǰ˵ЩαȻҲǿ󣬵ǲӦǿܹЩġȻҶСԼܴˣﻹ
ʵʱ˵ҶСԼɱЩԼٳҲֻ˵˵ΪǲҶСָԼǵΣʱǲֲܵġǵĹﶼûԤ֮еǿ
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ҶС֪ϿԵսܻǰΣϲ֪ٱҲ˼¡ȻҲҫȴǰǰɢǿʱ任ǿȣǱøӾʵ·𶼱ȻŽ׶Ŀ˴Ч
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µͨҲʮأֻ˾Զλûû·ġֻҶСߵ˸ǰ֮ʱŻһε·ͺ·רΪһ㡣
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Ǻǣ޷ص磬͵ĸɴࡣҶСȻһЦЩȻûʲôر仯ĥֻԼ֪֮е֪ĴҶԨòصɡ
͵ãҶСĻͻȻЦһ˵һֱҶСĸżһֽթ˺ĴЦȷǵһμЦ󣬱˵ȻмϷм񣡼Ȼ˾ǲ㡣ȥһ飬ǵ˶Ȼ£һ飬ǱŹȥ
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ҶСùһһתԾڴ֮С

վԭأֻҶСոս뵽ǰĺɫ֮УʣµһžһѿһֺرʯΪһԣһ飬ôһ鲻Զǧﻹ֮⣬Ҳ鿪֮˻Ʒÿ˸һöҲ֮ͬ⡣
ǵںɫ֮ʲô⣬һУһѪ⽫УҲһЦһͬ˺ڶ֮С

ҶСոһǺڶ;ԼֻǿһŶѣͨţһʱ֮СԼƽ£е񡣹Ȼһ̣˱ҲڵĴ֮˳
ڼǰģһλðĳֻǰһ鲻رĹ㳡ĿԼҲС㳡Ѿطò羭ʲôսһ㣬м⣬طһƬ档Ϊصǣǰ֮л߿顢ʯȵں޹ɵĻƯʯ֮ϻ̻Ÿͼڻǹַ͸Եˡ
߲ˣѵС㳡ǵĿռ֮أȥ㷢С㳡֮ĿռֻһƬɵաǹ㳡ԵȥῴڱԵȻѾһʹ㳡Ư֮еһ㡣ҶСڴžС㳡һ֮С
ǣҶСʵοҲпռӣʱһ
ӦþǿռĲ֮д㳡ĴĲãЩĲԫϱ֮Ͽַ̻ҲӦöǿռ䷨һֻ֡ǲ֪ΪﱻٳӡҲ˼˵δ䣬㻺Ź㳡ȥ
ȻҶС˽⣬ƾЩʱյĽӴҲ֪ƺ֮ΪͨͬʱԼҲʼ̽
ռ䲻󣬲Ƭ̱Ѿ˼Ȧ֪ΪΣǰ֮жʵͬĹռﷴûһˡúһľţЩƯڰյʯϱҲֻƮš
ҶСǿһƴСשʯשʯ·һСС͸ʯǾʯĲʾǬ֮е͸ʯһ޶⾹һ߽Ƭ
ԫϱ֮£ʯѷ֮ҵĸ߽ƬûãѼһѡ
ʱƺҲʲôҶСҲк˹ȥ
ǿзвĿռ䷨󣬶ҶԭƵķ䶯ʿķзںħһЩֹ֮ħĽֹ֮Ҳ̫˽⣬ַ֮ⷨӦֲ٣ļ̳֮мϹַʣ»һЩģӦþħַˡһ߸ָһַͼһ߽š
ѹһûмػǿҶСȻ


ʮ ޸
ûҲ롣пЩԱЩǰ䣬Щ֮ǰͲһЩ֣ǽЩ۸һǿתҲǲܵġ˵
ǰռ֪Ƿ޸ȻЩ޸ķ󣬽ǿתôӦҲԽ޸ġҶСһ˿ϣʵ
ֻ˼ãлʱ鿴ΧһЩƬҶСεĿ֮˵һЩ̳֮мַƬӦħͼƺԿʹãЩⷨ޸һ¡ʱⷨĲ֮ʱǰҪһδͽ˵ġֻ˵ĻԽʣĲϼãﵽЧ
лȥȴûʲô顣ղҶСѰ·ʱһֱ󣬲δְһæ˵ȥ嶼ܴɡ
ָָֻ⵱бһɫ˿̬һƬ֮мһС͵ķģ͡ģͶǷ˿ϸĹ˿иԲͬĲֻԲͬɫɫΪ֣Աڹ۲졣ⷨοһСͼ̳ǵ֮ϣ֮Լ֮¶Ҫ̻ͼɵ󷨣ڴܵΧԼһıǽ֮ϣҲҪ̻ͼΡ
ɹ˿ɵģͱǷͼֽˣ临ܵĳ̶ҶСǻ۶ϸòżסδҶС񱾾ԲͣΪУ˵ҲǻΪµľ֮ġ
֮ʱ䣬ҶС㿪ʼͼֽʾѼֲΪͼʵ̫£ҶСǼס˷Ҫδ޷һЩƬ÷ڱֻǽĲȫѼָһ
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һһֱڲ鿴ÿһƬηãһԵٿŽŵƶλáͬʱὫһЩƬЩϸСķһһ޲⵹ǸϸĻܶϸڵطģƾҶСȴ޸ǰкҵרԴҶСҲû⡣
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ϸСֱ֮ҵͿռ䷨ɡƴķ󲢲ƣԾܹɹͣҲֻܹһΡ㶼ڴ͹֮𻵴ġԣֻһλᣬԵĻҲûС˵ӵеԴҲֻ࣬ҶСѼɸ߽ʯͰŸ߽ʯƬѡʵҶСϻһЩͽʯģֻϧִͷ˵Щͽʯ𲻵õġ
ҶСվ˷ϵضλúϸһ˵Сֵܣ㽫ʯ֮У̼ɷˡһ㣬ⷨ󶥶ܹǴͻ˽統У׻ᴫ͵ʲôλȴǲȷҪ׼ǻص˽磬ҲҪصĵطԶġһһҪע⣬ڼ֮ʱһҪٽջأ֮ջˣܻܿὫա
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һֻۣޱĿǰƺ޹һ㡣
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翴󶼺һС̫һ㣬ҫҫ۹âʱҶСʱһ֪Ǻڴ󶴾Ҳ˱仯ֻīı澭ˮһĲ˺һԲһǷŴмԲĴᳶһųǷȥ󣬾Ҳȫâ֮УƱⷨâһ㡣
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ոջΪһС֮˲ըѿҫ۹֮лͬڰҶСת˲֮㱻С
ת˲֮䣬ҶС㷢Լһ֮УƻΧ޵һϷתͷؽĸоԺδġָо֪˶ãҶСȻʧȥ֪ʱձ޵Ѿбľٸܲһҡ
ܿͬƯԼҲ֪ƮƺƶǾҶСԶһЩζƺЩҪ˷ֿһ㡣ÿÿһЩͻһɴ˺קסԷƺжĵֶֿǱ㱾ࡣ
ڣ˺ƺҲûȥֿЩֻ죬ںʲôһĴҶСԽԽԶ
ϧֿҶС͸û취ֿƺ޷ʹʶϸ֮ڵҲϵϡͬʱҲ޷ֻĿȴҲ֪䵽˵ЩʲôֻǣŵģƺЩ

֪˶ãҶСٶ֪


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ֻԼһ˫Ƥص÷ѾҲ޷һ˿󣬾ͱҫ۵̫ĸϽս
˱۾ܹܵõԼͷƺʲôڲͣԾס⣬յϡ

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ڣ֪ʼָڽ֮һתһ֮ҶСҲʼָ
ۣŷԼȻһɳ̲֮ϡʱҶСŷԼͻȻص֮ǰһ㣬Ȼ˼ƺδˣһʱƺûǰֶԻСͬʶƺҲ޷ʹá
ҲʶҲ޷ʹúҶСʱԼΪ֮ܵʲôӰʧΪ
վϵƬݣʶϵˮɡŶپȫˬ㼶ֻҪ˼һ۹ҳƬ̱ӷɾ
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һ£ҶС㷢ԼδĻһҲ⣬Լĸܱ
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ҶСͻһͣ뵱ϸһ˲Ƶĸܡ󣬱ڻָϸϵʶҲڳ׻ָ
ʶָһ˲ԼĸоҲʼָ֮ǰֲӦҲš
ڣһ龪ȥ
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ҶСкţͬʱʶҲ뵽ϸ֮Сһȥĵ
û°ɣҶСϰߵĹһ䡣
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⺣Ծˮ棬ȻǸһһŴɿϸС飬ֱҶСҧӸӴ˾޴ҶС½֮ϻδһͷ
⺣޿ͲСʵҲֻǸļ޶ѡַ֮ḻ˵еԶԶ½֮ϡһļ޲ܹΡҲΪں֮гưԹˣŻԽڵʿҲ
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ԶԶȥͼһ޴߰ɳһҾ޴ĺһľ޴ޱϷһССӰһȭСʵʹСжϵģһ̵ĳҲǼΪ𺳣ֻǺһҶСһ¾ۡ͡ķһӤ޺֮ĺУ֮ϸոմ㴫˺ȻһˮǺҶСһȭ֮󣬾ƱȥڵһһٶȺȻˮ棬һ޴ˡˮʱľ޴ˮ⺣޾ҶСֱֱ뵽˺װ֮ֱںϷ޵Ӱӡ
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ΪΪ֮ǰͬ⺣ޱͶҶС񹹲ʲôвԭڳ֮ʱ˼һ⺣ȻһƯں֮ϣʵֻǱҶСһºιȥò˶þͻתѡ
֮ҶС̤˻ع·;ȻѾޣӦòʿԶˡΪ޵ĵطٲĥɱϡȵȸֲͬĿĳֵʿ


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Ƭ֮ҶСѾ˰֮⡣ʱǰʿһͷ޲šۼʿΪߵҲһڶѣһһŮֻΪһͷļޡһֱ˶ڱ֮УƺǶ⺣ڱصõӣ㴦ƵУɲȥ
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Ŀ֣Ů޸Ǿô֮ʱͻȻһ콣ǰϸֱһĴֳ롣һǴǱ㱻նϣҪ֪ϺΪľ룬̣ܳܶ죬ҼΪӲ뾡˰취Ҳδ˵Ǵֺ
һնϴ֮󣬱һνĿȴǱϺӲ֮µľ޴ͷ­ûĻ⣬ոջҫЩˮ¶ǵıϺͱһ롣ʱҲδһ
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ڼ˽ŵȴ֮ʣȴҶСǺǺһЦϺǷ֣ȻǹǴáο㻹дôᡣʯ֮Ҳˡ
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ϸһЩ¬⺣ҶСҲδ
ʱǸŮ޷ӦԿһЩƽ֪λش𣬱ӹ˵ǰ˵Ⱥ֮⺣ߵе¬⺣˵ؾ¬䵺פֻǧຣѡ
ȺҶСȵҲû뵽Լᴫ͵֮ԶڵĶڶʤݣҪӴ˴ȥٶҲҪиܷɵûȥ
е򹫷һ򣬶ʤݡţݡϲհݡ«Ĵ޷ֱռķհϱһ޼ʵĴ󣬶֮бһȺȺں֮УǰѾȺԽĺΪںԶһЩͳΪ⺣
ǣֻǴ˵ھںԽ⺣ˡǰʿһͬص¬䵺פءǰԹһźͼʱͶԴ˴˽ˡǺͼ۸߰ҵʿܸģǲûУȻǰˡֻŮϸϸܵ˵Щ߽ʿΪһЩԭͻȻ⺣֮г֣ǳֵĵһ±ҪѯϢǰӦþָ߽ʿˡ
Ǻãͼλ·ˡҶСȻһʱЩңҲû뵽ȻѾǧص磬ȴͬȴ糣ֻƽ˵Ǽλû飬ھͶ¬䵺פΣ
ֻȻص¬䵺פٿһҪˡȺȻ޶໥ֻҲżнģ϶Ҳа취ȥġ
ҵҶǰĸ㲶Ϻ飬Ͷ⼸캣޻ԽƵһĺ޹ҲҪʼˣǻҪӿһЩٶȲǡֻǴһ˵ţһߴгһֻһǴڱſɿӶƳһ㣬󺺱㽫ӿڳϺ˹ȥƬ֮ͽϺװǾ޴ĴӵСסһӱָֻԭСһǬķ޶ξ޴ܲһֱţʵ̫㡣Ǭּ۸߰ԲųǬķƷȻûǬǰ㷽ãܺҲЩƷҼ۸Ҫ˵öࡣ
ʵҲóϸ¡ڵõҶСŵ֮󣬲ŽԼĿڴ֮С֮ǰȻ鷳һЩȴǽСһʼнǺװԼڴҶСĲ㿴ó֮


ڰʮһ Ǻͼ
ļЩ죬Ů޾¬䵺פֻǧຣǽǧˡҶСԼãǧҲԸ˹ȥڴʿٶȾͽ˲١ն࣬ڼ¬䵺Ӱӡ
·ҶСǽνĺ޹һ¡νɽɽԺ˽ˣҲ㡣ããޱߵĴ֮ḻຣޣײɺҩҲеġ䴢ƺ޻ҪḻȺӺ֮лЩĸֱƷλں֮еȺȻŨں֮е޻Ʒѱǰʿɱ̴ˡҪʲôƷͱҪ⺣֮Ѱˡ˲ν¬䵺פʿ⺣Ĳõ⺣פءԴפؽԺ⺣֮еĺޱ᲻ڵĹЩפء˵ǲڵģȴѰЩСģģһֻҪټפеʿȿԵȻǴģľҪں֮еʿЭפأǽ⺣ʿˡһģĺ޹һ㶼Ǽһεġ
ȻǺ޹ǾҪʼҶСһ·˲ٺޣ伶ȴļµġּĺ޶ûʲôôΪŸ·ԼҲֻɨһ۱Ҵҷɹ
һ¬פأҶСһۼһ޴ǳءʼ˵ֻ⺣һСϵפأĵ׻ΪֻǸСʱפأȴ뾹˴Ĺģ
Ҷǰ˵ؾ¬פˣ֪ôţƼŸ·ӣҪҪھʹȥݺͼһƽ㹧ʵ
Ҳãԡͼλˡ

Ƭ֮ҶСѾƽһߴݻĵǰ̧ͷȥǵ֮дšǸ̽֡
ֻƽ˸ƣ˵ҶǰרۺͼĶǸķֺˡ˸۸ڶЩͽɢ޶ǺܲģҾͲȥˡǰҪ
һ·鷳Сл޵ѻǿЩȥβԵټˡҶС⼸˽⵽˲Ⱥ飬ҲЩ㡣
ƽִ֮ҶС߽ǶǸ󡣸һţһŨܵ۹һɨԭǴڷŵߴɺɢȻ¬嵺ûŨ֮ЧҲ˿һġ
λѣ֪к󣿡
ѹƽ˵˶ʿк˵ĶǽʿǹȻŻóǮӶʿ뵱ԼҲʱһЩĸʽ̣дҲǸʿѡӦѾҶСҲǽʿ֮Ҳû̫Ŀɷֻ֡Ʋӵʿһ˵Żһ߸ֳҶСⲽ
Ҫͼ֪˲ҶСҲöϻ
Ǻǣλѿ˵ЦֻʿǺһЦԴֲм˵ȫȺĺͼΨҶǸһҳۣǲɾûˡ
ֻƲСӵĽʿһתɻ˵ѵǳȺ
Է̬ƺмҶСҲش𣬱תƻʵ֪ͼ
ǾҪҪʲô㼶ˡ
ͼ˼𣿲ѣ֮ǰδӴͼ͵Ѹ½һЩˡ
ͼķΧдС֣֮ϸ̶Ҳ֡Сֻ¬嵺һڵĸפصķֲѣֺ֮ĺͼȴһֱǵȺںĺͼм򵥵ľֻ˴һЩķֲϸľл㼯˽ڴ籩޳ķƣл꾡СС졣еΪûϸСҲбעԶпܹṩٷ㡣⣬ںעһΣźռݵȵϢѡֺͼ֪;ΣϵʯмˡֻʿԸһЦԴ԰Ľܵ
ҶСû뵽һͼҲô˵ѹֻרųۺͼĵˣģƺǷӴһ㣬˵˵ȻҪΪϸĺͼ³ʵô֪㼶ߵĺͼۼۼΣ
ʿһ´һҶС񣬼ŵѰͨҲһֵ߰װ֮࣬ôҲƽʱúͼЩŴɻ֮װ硣Ҫ֪㼶ߵĺͼֵǽڣɢ޵ĻҲġȻĵײҶСܹ𣬵вʿˣϾԷѾ׽𵤣Ҳ̫ѻԺͼмв˽⣬ͽ׵ҲҪʮʯΣн׵ľҪϰʯ۸񵵴Σ߽׵ľҪǧöнʯſˡ֪Ƿܹļ۸񡣡
һ˸߰ļ۸ҶС𾪲ѣѹƽ˵ͼȶǸͼȴҪ˸߰۸ǧöнʯѾ㹻һѰˡǰҶСֻڣʹõĶԵͽʯʱһƷܹиʮʮʯ۸Ѿʮָ߰ˣδӴֱнʯ׵Ʒĺͼԣÿǵ治Сһ˵֪Ƿȼ۷ּۣ
ҪʲôˡʯµѰǿǲܵģһҶСͲµûôʯһڣ϶ҶС⵰һ¾мֿҶСģ¶ʿ֮Խǵ˸߽ףʹõƷ۸˸ߵĿ࣬ҶСʯٵ˸߽һЩƷѾ޷ʯˡʱΨֵͬƷﻻˣȻ⻹Ҫ׵˫Ǹȡ衣
ԷҶСȻҲмֲҲƽ˵ҪͼֻһңҲѹĲһóһǬһ˵֪Ǭιۣ
ǬʿҶСҪǬּۣʱְҶС񿴱˼֣ѰʿʯһǬϾ˽ԺҪЯƷԽԽ࣬Ե˺ǬҲǱ֮ȻǬҪóصͶ·ȴֱҪ⺣ͼˣ۾һбñӺߵ㲻ˣͼǬֻּܵۼʮʯѡ
ʵѰǬҲҪʮϵģּȻᰴ۸ˡҶС֮ǰҲ֪Ǭļ۸˵뵽ļ۸δعȴҲδǬҲġ
ףһʶ̽룬ͳױ𾪵ˡǬڵĿռֵ֮ѰСƷ׵ǬҲδһġõȥҲʯʿ̧ͷҶСһôҶСҲǴҴеˡһ룬Щ˶ȻҲûͼġ
ٴȷҶСǸɢ֮󣬱Ǭף˵û뵽ǬƷ׵ǲͣҶǸǹ⣬͸ѵһʯΣ
һ򣿡ʵ۸ѾҶСԤڣ˵Ǿѡ


ڰʮ ִ
ǺǣȻˬ졣Ѱн׺ͼҪʯϣѵһúͼȻҲῪۡ͸һн֮лʮ꾡Ѿ˲ںĺͼѣ֪Σ
ԣһҪȿһºͼ˵
ǺǺǣȻȥȡǺͼ˵꣬˱תȥȡͼתͷ˵˾䡰ԵƬ̡˳ִҶСһ

ȻƬ֮ƲӵʿʹӺ֮жŸУЦ˳Ѿõȣн׺ͼĿ
ʿ˵꣬㽫Ӵ˿ֻӵƽһöƴСںɫԲƬƬ֮ϿϸС΢ĸַǿЩҲ֪Ȼס
ҶСǺͼ𣬱㽫һ˿ʶ̽Сʶһ룬ƽһµ統СֻǸһߵɫɫı֮һſŷһߵСڲҫ˼һЩϸС࣬һϸ֮£ԭЩ㾹ǴСһĺͼǴϷӵӽɣһ۲ӽǺͷΧ۲ӽǵΧǰͬĻһɫ֮ϣһС㲻˸ѹֺͼļ۸˰󣬲˵ƵѶȣǷΧĹеЩϸϸҲǼΪ׵ġҺͼڲϵı仯ţЩɫı֮ϳһЩرʾ֣עɫţһͷĿĺ޵ȵȣǴŴ˴ᷢ籩к޹ǵȵȡֿһᣬҶСˣԭ⺣ͼ֪ԺԭƳɣԤһĴ֮ϸֱ仯ԻƵ˺ͼ֮С
ѿ⣿ҶСȻ𾪣ȴûʲô̫仯ƲСӵʿЩҶС⣬ʵһˣеüʯ׬ͷ¬ںʵ̫ԶǸֺŵĹҲ࣬ʱ׬µʯͶԼ˽ˡȻСط͵ס׬꣬ͿԻصںһϼרˡ
⡣ҶС΢΢Цŵ˵Цǵôôм˵
ôͼպáʿһЦ˵ͬʱѺͼݵҶС
ȻɣҶСҲٶ˺ͼ뿪˶Ǹ

һ˶ǸҶСԳһ˿Цһֱ̤һ𡣸ոڶǸڲ鿴ͼ֮ʱѾԼҪߵķ⺣֮пҲʲôضʤݵϢҪȥľںһŴɣϢҲϲ١һĿҪȥ¬嵺ԽһפأǸפԶ¬嵺˲֪ΪҪпֱӴ͵ں֮еĴ
˵⺣ͼǺö꾡ɫʢЩפصȵȶбע⺣ͼҶСͲûͷĲӬһײˡ
ҶСȫٷ˼ʱ֮ͻȻٶȻ֮Ѿ¬嵺ԶһƫƧ·ߣӦúٻʿ·ˡ
ַûãҶСԶʼҲݹ⣬汼ҶСķݹ֮һҶСһĽ⣬һĳַģһһͷеĽˣͿһǶǸĵҡһҶСƽƺ޾Żɫ˼ֻɡ˵Ϊ߹ҶС񣬲ñֵġ
мɻɫҶСȴЦһʵλѣĪǾǬ˼۸Ҳˣˣһ䣬ҶСɽһǣۿҪʡ
˶࣬һ˸ǽΪȻ̫ҶСֻͷޣΪԸߴﵽڵʿ˵ߣм͡Ȼѷ֣ҲȦӣϵʯɽҷ·ԺĪҪٻ¬嵺Ȼ
ոڶǸ֮ʱҶСóǬ֮ʱһʱ¶ǬʱͿǵһ˿صʱҶСʶһֱţһ̽飬ȻǺ֮˵˼仰Ǽ仰Ҫ˸ҶСĪҪˡ˾㷢˿ҲҪҸطҶСȴԸ㡣ȻĻ죬ôҪùĸ
ȻԷ̬ȣҶСҲ¡ڶԷҶСػ֮ʱȴֻķɽͻȻһХһֱ̤֮˴ȥۼɽδ㣬˵ľĿ֮Ӳն룡ѪӿƬµȥ˾ױնɱˣԪδӳ
ԭڶԷĻδ˵֮ʣҶСնתӰɽʶ֮гһͣ͵һʱ䳯ʿնȥʶǿҶСĶ֣ڲ֪аӰɽѾնѽնɱҲŸոշʶ֮оڷɽԼնʶķǿǴδġ
䲻⣬ޱҶСھƾǳʶռ˲ٱˣնѾﵽ㣬ټ϶Է޷һ֮ͽһͬ׽նɱ
ǽȻΪߵģ֪ǽ޵սȴǿģҶСѡҪɱޡ԰Ӱɽնɱ˽֮ۼԮǽޣ㾡ʶԵǰӰɽĹ
ͬʱ֮ƲСӵʿһǣһ֧״ǳ״߲⣬һգ֮һ³ҶСǰֱȥ״ر֮ٶȼ죬ԶĳЩɽʿıѰʿ˽ⶼԹԷΪΪѡ񹥻ԷͲȥ޽ˡȴǼΪ⣬ȻǷɽЧȴԶʤɽƾ״ѰҲĶ֡
һ˾ҶСμޣµǺģʮ±Ҳҫ㲻֪ӺδгһͷͷżǵĴǴɶ࣬׶֡ɫԭɣֽɺԣһ鿪ģһ֣һţһɫֱҶСֶȥ
ԭҶСҪֱӼαͼ׵ֵ޵ģȴͻȻܵϸ֮ڵİĿһ궯ǰĿ֮ǰڿռƬ֮Ϊɱ˶ΣȻÿζǺܿͻָҶСȴƺһֱûȫָȻҶСҪʱϸ֮֯һԼų˯ʱҶС᲻úķڵһֱԿޣǾҲҪܽʡͽʡģϾʼֻƾ޵ⲹǵ㹻ҶСġԶǾĿģؾ˲ŵһֱ岢δȫָһ˯ֱ֮ͻȻ궯ҪǴһսģ
飬ĿÿÿԼ˯һ֮սдȻҶСŰĿܹսʤǴǽ˳ʵҲáв֣㼰ʱαͼ׼ֵǡ
ֻǰĿһ֣ξȻƶǴҡһԼС˲٣һһ󣬾Сĸͷ¡ǰֻɫ۾֮лͫһһ·˵ŲԸԴСһ㡭
һΰĿƼҶСҲǵһμģһ֮ǰĿƺߵĸʵԭֳ൹̣һζô˼֣ȴһЩؽڳԭֻë׵ģҲһСһСӲǡڣȻŽ޵ޣȴһֵӵģЩ֣ѶԷģ


ڰʮ ɱ
ڼҶСͻȻųһͷ޺Ҳһ޵ĸͷʵ̫ˡȻǽǻ㻹˽һɻ󣬶ԷǸޣôҲѱʱ̽һ˿ʶһ飬Ǵ֩ȻͷСûСôǸͽ޵ģٸߣҲܸ߹ļޡĽǻѾ޶壬ۿҪͻƵ߼ˡҲˣһиޣȻҲ̫߽׵ġ
ĿոСεֻǴͬСպøֶȴҲܣֻһ³һŽƴ֮£˿֯ĴȻӲӵķŽ⡣һɫٶǴһ֣ǽڵʿĿ֮У³ʯӲıһӴޱȵĴ˸ΣǴڲϳǰȥֱȥ
߰ĿȻҶСϵʱֵסǴ㣬ҶСǳ״ȴҲֻͻȻ۳ͣĽâһҫ
䡪
һҫ֮ʱӲסǳ״һǳ״ҲǲСײ֮Ȼһ쳹ء
ҶСסһ֮ʱӰɽѾڲնƲСӵʿҶСڿռƬ֮мЩħǹ࣬ЩྡΪǿҶСĥ֮ãڶͬʿӰɽԵøˡȻԷʶȫȴԾɵֲסҶС񲻶ն̿ʶͺһһŵëë棬ҶСһİӰɽն̡ûһᣬѾնһѷ죬ڱҶСҵԴģʿδüֲѷ죬һӰɽһĻһֱѷնȥ

һУʿһ𣬱㱧ͷ֮вϵȻͷʹ̵ϾĵزˣҶС΢Գһ˿Цҫ۳âķɽһ⣬һⶼɢȥʿ˸ö
غϣһʿҶСɱʿʬδ֮УֱҶСķɽննɵ⡣µ޿ľս
ڽǸеʿն֮ʱҶСķһ˳׹ҶСæһУǴСҲʲô㶪ԼĴ֮Сʱտʼɱʿ϶ȻҲдԼȻȡʬ׹뺣ˡ¿¾ͱ֮˸ɾ
ٿĿ޹Ȼʮر𣬰ҶСĹ۲ֳӦûֻһеϢսǿҲʵǿĹˣΪȻǴս֮ƺ·ȴҲϵסǴǴϾȥҶС񹥻һ¡ԭҶС񻹵Ŀֻļʵңȴھܺս֮á
ǽǻƴһסǽڵʿɫһ䣬вҲǽǻıޣͬ׵ޣƾ޵ҲԱ֤·ģȴҲ벻ȴһ޵סˡԷǸޣǿսȻǷɽȻΪȴǾ󲿷ֵսǱ޵ġ±¶Ҫ뿪ԼµﶨȻҶСġһע⣬˼һתǴ뿪תţ׼롣һΣȻԷΪߣֵսѾԶԶǼˣȻͬ鱻ɱȴҲòˡ
ҶСʶΧеκα仯̽ϸ΢ȻԶȴҲԶԷֳ̽˸һҶС⣬±ͻǣΪһƥֱޱϮȥǰǷɽٶȸ죬ת˲֮ն޵ǰʶ֮еӰɽҲδͣЪҲڲ϶˵ʶն
ʿȻⱻĿסѲȴҲվűҶС߳һСΪʶǿԶǰʿǿ࣬һʱ֮侹ȻҲ˸ܡڶʱڣҶС޷ʶ֮ڽ乥ơ
ҶСķɽҫҫ⣬͵նǾԶҲĸܵǷɽ֮Яһϵĳ˿±㽫ޣ΢һЩͬʱ䣬һͻȻǰгһͷޣǡǡסҶСķɽ

ҶСķɽһ׶һ޴걳סǹ걳ڷɽ֮ϵƶδӳ
ϾȻ֪һͷ޵ǳϣʵ޶ǻжͷ޵ģֻֻһͷǱޣΪǿˡֻҶСǰδӴޣŻ⡣
ۼǹ걳ס˷ɽʿһɡ˼һɵһ̣ʶ֮еڷɽ֯ӰϳԼʶͬһ㲻ϹԼɵһ̴̳һз·һ봩͸һ㣬˵һʹ˼ޡ֪ȴȻƾŸΪӲͦ˹һʱ佫ֲϣûʶеİӰɽٶȸԼһͬһʱ䣬һҪǽǻ˳սšһյķû뵽㾹Ȼ˵벻սš
ԭĿ˴ͼǿĴצ֮⣬ΪĻٶȡڳҶС֮ʱҶСͳ˲ٶȵĿǴͬǲٶȵڰĿƺҲ˺ܸߵߣ֪ԼʵԷҲҪɱǴ㣬ֻǲӡȻһֱƣȴоգԷֲЩ΢ɴ⡣ʱĿȻҲǲ׵óѡ
һߣǸոյסҶСһĹ걳ѾҶСƾٶƽƿˡԭǹ걳Ȼǿ󣬵ƶٶȴΪԶܹסһιѡڣҶСѾ׷Ϊޱסȥޡֳַɽɽ֮ϳâǣ˲һ߽û֮һ׶ľ޴У֮б֮ԡ
һ˲֮䣬ҶСѾնһһʿ⡣һնȥǡǡʿǣĻۿҲ޷ٵסһġ
ƲСӵʿһɱ˶ᱦ֮ѾǵһΣԭ˵ֻǸһ˵Ľ𵤳ʿһǸģлһʱϲطƫƧżеһ˵ɢˣҲûʲôֵǮܳƵϷĻǲࡣڣȴһת֮䣬ͬ鶼գ֮˶Է£ۿҲҪ䡣żΪ˾ͻһпɬǴʱȴҲûкҩɳԡ
ǰҶСķɽҲѾǰ˼ȻɱԽ֮£ȴҲǸɱ֮ˡȻ޻ͷ·ߣҲñ˺ܡһᣬھ֮е֮еʱӿȣӿʼŽ𵤲ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ǳ߱ĿסĽǻƴҲͻȻػһ㣬ͻȻֹͣ˶԰ĿĹǺȫʹһڿвŤ໴Уϵһɫһס˲֪Ŀ¹ĻȫʼһȥĿò죬ȴҲᣬŲƣת˲ǴϷ͵һͬʱֻìһĳԶ׼Ǵû˻ױʹȥ
˹Ȼ޻·ڰĿȥ󣬴Ȼ˲Ѿٶˣ˵ȼޣǼΪʢģ±˾𹥻԰Ŀİֻ۾ҲɣѾҪηֹǴѵ׼ȴ̣ԴβͲٶһ¡һ󲻸š


ڰʮ Ѫ
СģҪԱ𵤣ͻȻҶС֮
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ԱΪһֶΡʿһΪڽ֮У֮ǿԶʿ֮ʱתең𵤱ըȻƻ󣬵Ա˽𵤵ʿȴƬʣ£ΪҪǻὫԪҲһ٣Լƻҷ޷ֻءԾʿԸҲǲԱ𵤵ģοãԪ񻹿ӳֻҪᣬٶĻᡣ
ǽǻƴͻȻǰʹģΪͻȻԼ޵ҲȡʹýԱﵽЧˣԼҪˣﻹȥ˼Լ޵
ʿɷѿģվڽԱǰһ̣лڼһҪԱ𵤵ִǼִڣĽȴδԱɹ
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ҶСɱԽ̫٣Ծʵ̫١ҪԱˣʿ˳Ǵ֮⣬нҲǸ
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ֱ󣬲ŷҶСЩȤĶһһʮ֧ɵķһȴһСӡ
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ΪҶСڽ׽֮ڵϸٶ󣬶ľҲѾѿԴҩЧҲٶͬʱҩмʮ֮ࡣֲĻڼõһЩҩڶ˵ûʲôôԿӾ;øע⡣
һ򿪴ڣͼʮԲ죬ӫȻƶԴ󼸷ֵСӡʶ̽ȷҩӣ»ỳѪɡ
ǰǿϵӣҶС񿪿ʵ
˽ҲδرҶС̫࣬ԼҲʶ˼Ƭ̺󿪿˵һЩӡ󣬺ܿѪӡ
ѪȻʿӵǬЯӦþһֵƽ޹ʷеġ
ֻҩħս֮ǰҲȥֲڻӡһ߻ţһ˵һʦҩѪ֮ÿһʱһֹʵǹʵʳˣкܴЧʦ֪ȻԽսҲԽǿǸ˾ͻԼԦҩż˻ȥֲġ
ԭˡҶСͻȻ뵽˰ĿǰĿڿǾѱ޸֪߳࣬ѪĹӻʲôЧʱϸ֮лλãЩѪԡ


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۲һ󣬲˵ö𵤿²УȻ̺٣еȴǰǰȶΪʿǰҪԱ𵤵ԭܻܿὫ
ȴ˲ʱըȴˡƬ̺ҶСͻȻһЦ˵Ҳã˳ƽƳһöը˽𵤵¾ԪӤʿҲҪ˱ˡ˼򵥵İ취ܸаɣ
ҶСһʾҲǻȻ⵹Ǻð취ǿ񱩵õǱֻǽǲѡ

һ֮ҶСڴǷ֮˳
ɳǸ֮ΨһһӵлعںĴ󵺣Բں⺣Ǵ⺣ʿҪͨ˵ϵĴ˲ŵ˹ɳͷ
ҶСһϣһʱźͼָҵǼƹʿʱϢĵ̡⺣֮еĵ춼ûɳҲ㣬ǹʿϢĵ֮ȴͬӵһܹͷųıʹз֮ж⣬Ȼ࣬ܺޣԹʿѡĵϢ
ɳǵĶǴŸĿĵʿ·ʿɫҴҵģȻǴʿڽڵҲУȴҾˣҲǼһӣҶСһ˵ġҲѹ֣˵⺣ĺͣһˣ̵ãã֮ϣͬʿǺ޻п¡˼ҶСһˣ˵ĲĿ
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شʿڼһģĴĴ󡣿˹ģĴҶСĵײֻ̾Ǵ͵ںҪ˴ģҪع鶫ʤݿҪŹڣԼǰһƬãȻȫûҵعİ취
Ҫʹ⴫ҪķþΪĸΪ׼ġʿֻҪǧöʯҶСĽʿȴҪöʯҲںǸصʿһöнʯ㾶ֱǴ֮С
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봫֮Щ֮һַ̻Ƶʯ壬ҶСͻȻһ뷨ʵǰ֮ǰ˵һ֮޷㹻͵Ĵͷ㹻ʿһͬǴͷⷽǷУ
⵱ȻУһ֮Ǿ޷ܹôԶķġ佨֮ҪѾ޶ʯҪ취ӶĴʿҲҪϲſԣڵʵҲټ˶ʿġҶСһ˵뷨㱻㵹ǿԴ̽һں֮еĴһЩ͵֮жܻܿԼĴģһʵ޷죬һ֮Ͳˡ
ûȶãҶСһεĴͱѾʼݵѣ֮ҶС˴һͷֶĴڽ֮ʱԽһʱֻҪ󼤷ʵ֮е˻໥͡

ں֮еֲ֮öʮֽܣҲҶСһ˴󣬱ܵΧ̺֮ĵȻ֮еѾδܹˣ̲ס˼
λûֻںΧԺͼ֮ﵺֲڣҶСҪҪһ֪֮Ҫʱҵع֮ȴҲܺӵһп֮һһߴ̽ϢѰع֮
ʱ֮ҶСĽͣڰ׸߿֮УңңƺСҶСѡҪΪ֮ĺϿգѾܵ˳Լڵ᰷嶼˿
ں֮Ȼ࣬ʿ࣬зĵ춼ѾϷϡȺռݣЩɱὫеĵ޸ԼµССɣʣģ޸ûɵɢޡɢ޶һЩûһɣҲһСΪżȻʲôɾǳʲôĵرŽġ
ЩСЩȴҲģֻҪܹյϹʯɣ˭ǲܵġں֮бֲĵĹ涨ĸʿѾ޳ȥĵ죬ֻҪŶԷóͿˡѡʲô취䣬ǻ𣬾ȫ˶ˡ
Сͼ֮ѾעֽǱһʿռݡ
ҶСոͣûã͸ܵԵ֮еһʶɨʶһ㽫Էʶ⡣ԷҲǸʮֽ֮ˣҶС˵͵λͣѾ˶ԷĻɡȻƬ֮ǵ֮бɳһ⡣
û뵽ռ⵺ʿȻҲǸޣƺҪҶСһ㣬һɳһ䣬Ѥޱȣǽͣһ㡣
һɳ죬ȵߣ𵤳ʿĪҲСע⣿
ǡҶС񻹴˵Է̬ȣҲϻЦһֱ˵ѿۣʯԸתãʯ
˽ڣÿһС㼶Ϊ඼Ѿʮ־޴˸δֻнڵҶСִżӵû˵ʯҲתãʶĻȥĪҪҳ֣
ǺǣǾͶԲסˡҶСȴŭЦֻ÷ɽһѳʣ⺣ҿˣɡ
ǽʿŭĿԲһӲӵĴ󽣱Юž޴ֱҶСն
ȻԷɽƲСҶСȴԿɽֻƷϽ׶ѡ⵹ǳϣɽƷƷĲ켸ϵʿ𵤺Ĳ졣ԶԷȻΪƷ׵ķɽȴδܹӳȫ
ʿڿҶСķɽȻƷȴԼĸ߳һʱҲоȡΪȺԽ޵ĹΪأԷɽļ۸Զͬ׵ķ֮Ҫ˼ɡǼټƷɽģƷ߽ѾԸߵķɽˡʵȺὫЩɢޣΪľЩɢߵһЩȵȣмΨֻսǿΪЩɢ޵սˣȴֻк棬ֲѹƣֲͨ취ѹơƷɽļ۸еһְ취
һҶСƾɽƷƣ÷ȫѾʿս˸ƽֻ֡ҪöԷ֪ѶˣҪȡԷһֱδȫֻзɽȡʤն֮඼ʹá
ɽ֮жһţɫɫɫⲻϽ֯ҫ۹âһʱ֮ƺǽڵʿȴԽԽľΪ֮ЩԸ˸ƽֻΪԷɽƷ׸һɣԼδȫԭ򡣿ڣ˫ԽԽ죬ķԽԽ࣬ȴռðơĿʿȥ˾һȻԵõģȻδʹȫΪֹһҲδʹá


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Ƭ֮ҫŽɫķɽڿʼȥֱӱʿ˻ȥֻԴֿɬȴǳȵˣ⵺ˣڴ˴Ƭ̣ȥ뿪
µǸɴ࣬һֲҶСĶ֣ҲǿҪӣ±ϲ硣һ䣬ҶС˵Ը·ȥƬ֮󣬹ȻһӵзɳҶС෴ȥ
ƺǽҲʼǰᡣǿռ֮أĵ׾Щ̫ʹҶСԸһұ㷴ѹʮ֣㾴һұ㾴һɵΪˣľǿѵ顣˵˵صĹˣȴЩϰߡѾԶֻԺлᣬٸʿЩˡҶСֻҡҡͷ·ȥ
СҲǡһʿöѡЩһĵ죬ԹʿһͬСҶСէȴóȻͱͬһ˲ѡС⵺иƣһƬ˫ֻܽҪʱɵԺҶСҪȥ̽Ϣνʮַ㡣
ҶСļҵ࣬ҶǬзšС֮к󣬷Ѿֳɵ¥̨ͤᣬһӦȫڴ˴ʦˡҲûʲôôҶС˼侲붨
ҶСǿռ֮н֮һ춼δúϢһΣڴ⿴Ȼʲô״ʵȴƣһա

˫Ⱥϲ֮һһ졣ΧǧĽģǧϵĳפʿ⻹ʿʿһճֻҪ˫Ͷܹ㣬䷱̶ȴӴ˾Ϳɼһߡ
˳۸ֵҩɽȵȸĵ֮⣬⵺ϻ๩ʿͨϢƷСᡣɲֻĵرܹۣϢҲǿԳ۵ġЩΪ֮˻ȡһʯýΣЩûɵɢһЩĵá֮˫ϣֻҪôһҵҪĵط
˫ϵ׻УһʿĿһһ̽һǽϹŵöʿͲʮ꣬ΪȴѾﵽ˽ڣʿΪ֮Ŀƺרʲô뷨йصϢǼٿ뷨йصһ鲻µĲ˸顣
ȻҶС⽻֮лᷢصϢв౦ޡݳȵȣȻҲšȻŵٺжҶСֻǻ˲ʯӵ˲鿴һе漰˷Ȩ
㼸ٿһЩѾＸû˶ɾˣҶСȴҲһ鲻µĿ˸顣һա
һöֻҶС࣬ü㼸ö֮˽ڷĸϢš漰Զ봫͵Ĵʹ󣬲ҿŵľûһ˶ϢΨһջ˵⺣ĺ׷һЩعżǹż֮ƺ˼һЩۼ֮ࡣңһӡ֤ľʱڴ͵⺣ʱֲ͵⺣ĳҲ˲²⺣׻ĳִʹͷ󣬲ŻӰ쵽Щ
ѵҪȥããޱߵ⺣֮һѰҶСһ֮ǱȺ뻹ҪѣǻֻǴţɿ֤˵
ֵҶС֮ʣһװŮЦӯӯߵҶСǰŮ޴װ㿴⽻еĹԱ
ǰ죬ǼҪѰڷϢֻŮ󷽵˵֮и࣬ȴ಻ɿġ
ҶСԭڿҪ̽ع֮²֪ҵع֮һЦ˵Ǻǣԡ֪ѿʲô÷ӣ
Ůڴ˴ж꣬ǵһμĽʿ˿ȴǵһμ仹ò˿ҶС֮Цȴһĵ̲סЦּҶС˵ʱһĨ糺죬գգ˵ǰĪǳ˵أ
Ѻγԣ
ţõϢҪʯȡġǰżʯֹĻ﷢ͷϢʿԿϢʱǰҪϢͻԴԴϵԼˡ
ԭˡҶСǸոս뽻ʱĸɷʯɸϢ
Ƭ֮ҶСŮ˷Ϣ֮
֪ǰҪϢ
ŮʵҶСһʱ䵹ǲ֪ηˣֱܲ˵ԼҪѰȥʤݵĴʹɣҶС⿴˿ЩѾ˵ϢͬϢ˼һ˵ֻҪ˵ҪڴʹͷϢɣֻҪϢȷģԸ⸶ӦʯȻ˵Ĵʹָڼ֮໥͵Ĵͽơھΰ䣬͵Ѱæˡ
áôǰԸ⸶ʯΧʱأ
סҶС֪飬㷴ʵ۸Ϣһʯ
ģŮһĿҪöнʯȻҪȷϢ׼ȷġ
öǺãͰö귢ҶСǬйнʯһööࡣ
ã⣬˼۸ϢǽǿṩʵϢٵģҪǰǷԸܣ
Ľκ鶼ܵ˸߰۸ϢѰ˵ǲ׶͸¶ģҪǺʵȻҪϢ֪ˡѰϢĳضϧĵرȵȣԶҪܱܵġҶСҪϢȴûʲôҪܵģ˾֪ͬҲ󰭡
ûã߾ѾҶСϢ˳ѯʹҪһֱֹͷδ֪ļǮҶСֱó˰öнʯһα㶩ʮλ

ҶСϢһ֮󣬱˽һɧʵ⺣ŹżĴ˲ֻ֪꣬ǲ֪˭Ϣȴ˵ö֤࣬Ҳûһǹż֮оഫŸϹŴʹͷִͷʮѣʾ޴󣬶ÿÿһεҲǸ֣û˭ȥֵòʧ顣
ʱһȥҶСʱȥǽȴһŵϢЩӣҲ˵⺣֮дڹż飬֮ǰ֮пһЩţزѨ硣ϹʿĴҲпܣ˸ɵȣȥ⺣
һʱ֮ڣҶСѾܱ˶˫Ĵ죬ҶڸԵĽ֮зͬϢȴûκϢ

һ죬ҶСոմӽ߳ͬһ㣬ǺϢһʱҶСһֱæڸ̽Ϣһֱ̫רעȥղǳ֮ƣȻһʱ֮䶼ûϢҲòԶ㡣ҶСҪһƷҩﲻͬڶʤݣĵҩÿһӦõĲ϶ǰ֪Ĳͬҩǳ⺣֮УǺǺףЩںиεҩҶҩ֮жӦõ
ҶСȻʯ٣Ʒҩļ۸ҲǲͣҪԵҩУôԵҩƷҪҲߣָСҩº͵ĵҩһǼֵǡҶСҲǴȥ⺣һΣɱĺٻһߴ̽Ϣһרڴ֮ǰҪһǡ


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ٳǰҶС㹺˴ݣ⺣ԲɻȱһƷˡϺɫԼһ׶ֻ࣬ϲݿɢ޷ֿջҶСõݾֻܶ߼µĺЧȻһ˰˼ϵĻںޣҶСɾֻܵķˡ
ԭҶСһԹöͷִͷ͵ľȻҶСĽʿ˵Ѿǿпޣܱûкã˵׼ʲôʱͻá
бزٵľǸʽˣƷҩ㼶ѾǼֵΪ֮߰ˡڶʤݣֵ֪٣ΪϵĲ֪ͬȴòˡ
һںʱϢõˡǺҶСʱĲ첻ССʮƽȻطСһЩһѾ㹻ˣа˿ṩɺ㹻ںеʱϢˡͱıפغ⺣ˡҲʡȥʱ䡣
ҶС񻹹ҩ֮֡ǰѾϸ֮ǰµҩȫγЩҩӡЩҩǿƷҩҩЩӶ˴ʯҪֱӹóƷҶСǵóԹ⡣
ҶСרų۷ĵ֮йһԼΪһԶΪ¯ƵļȶкܸߵҪ󣬵ƳĵҩȻƷҲһЩ֮ҶСȴһֱûиĵ¯ѵοģһ
һ֮ڣҶСϵһнʯȥ˾ųɡǬ򲻵֮ʱҲȥ䵱ˡȻ൱תۼͻʿȫҵȴҲۡοЩʯǱŵģҲס

һգҶСոմзɳڸһݣҶС֮ʱǸɱһһһ˺ˮѸͬʱϵɫҲһڻںˮ֮С
ûãͷ޽סջԶԶֱͷһСһģֻһͷһԲڴͷ泤һŴ죬ԲĴۡͷֻצӣǴͷıΪ΢Сβ͡ĸͷңСȴֻһ׶ࡣֺ㲻ϳªȥԵüΪǺЦҲһе֡ޡ
ޱȴΪײѪԶòǰ㻬ЦǶȺӣͷһУֻҪ̺ŴĶԡԲóѰĵرһɱи߼ޡȴһص㣬һЧѵ߼ҩıƷԾ˵ѾѾټֺˡͷУͷĶﵽ޵ľ磬ͷСȴֻ޾硣
תۼ䣬ͷ޾ͱݵĵطһƼ˼Ϊζʳһ㣬ſʳֻһڣ㡰۹۹˳ȴ㣬ɬġոȫζδ̫ע⣬һ̧ͷͻȻڿеҶС񡣵ͷޱ㡰۹۹³˼ճҺֱҶСȥͬʱͷСȴΧݴתתĵʱʱҧһڣȴһҽСƺһֱôĶôζ
ҶС׼ͷ޵ճҺ֮ʱɽѾһն˳ȥͬʱ֮ʶ֮еӰɽҲһͬն̳ȥҶСǱһС׵ʿҲĶ֣οЩޡһնɱһͷޣͬʱ֮ŲƶܿǼɫճҺڷɽٶնɱһͷ֮󣬽ʣµһͷȴͻȻβһĴˮ棬žһһˮ֮ӭշֱҶСҧȥ
ҶСȴһЦȭᣬʱұ۶ִ˼֣Ϊƺ͸һɫԡҶС޵ǻϵⶼǳɫɫɫԼδ仯Ҳ֪ڹ޼ҧһ˲ͻȻⱬ䣬˲ʱһɣ˱ܵһɣǡö㿪ǹ޵Ĵ졣ո˿ҶСξһ˿ͣٶǰһͬʱȭȭͻȥһ׮һδüſĹޡ
ģźȻһˮ֮ǹޱ㱻ˮ֮£ûһƯ
ʣһͷСĹ޲ֻҶСҲδֱͷѾ˸ɾŷӦ۹۹ĽֱǸոոĳʬȥǺﻹõĽ
ҶС֮һָ΢ͷ޵ʬƯȫһһװǬ֮СһγͷޣġǵҪɱĹʱȴβ֮ϣǸСޡҶС񣬻ϷǽȻҶС˶ʱڼҸճС
ģƺС޻ӤڵСޣΪﻹδԲŻ˲֪ʱܣɱͬʿһķصĽ
ﾺǿʳȻ˲пᣬǹһҲ֪Ҫȡ޵˱Ҳ֮¡СףҶСɱصҲʳ޸֮
ָ΢΢һС޾ͱҶС񵥶ץڿСһֻȴǴװǬ֮С
СҲ͸ưɣҶСڿкһһתС˵Ϊӵһֶ˵˼ȴǸΪӣԴ⡣ҶС㣬ǵİĿյСޣͻȻӿһܵĸоҲǱС޵Դжھ֮ҶСԽޱΪ׿ɽҶСҪСޣȵԱͷعûָһĿ쳣Сޱ
ȴֻҶСһȻĵûӿһݶС׽֮С
ҶСһУСޱзɵýˣֻ۾˺ĽҶСһμʿƬ̣˸ոԼͬͱǰȥδͱҶСսϸ֮СȻûкˮеҲԱ֤С޵ˡ



ڰʮ ֮
ص˫ǺҶСһ±ǲ鿴ǷйڴϢȴûκοŵϢ
ҶС㽫Ѿĺһ۸˽ܶຣ޵ҲһЩĲϣԶҶСûʲôôȴҲԻȡʯġ
ҶСɱ˴弶Ѿ㹻һ󡣶ֳһǬȡһЩҩŴƷҩĸֲϣЩҩ֮ʱϸֲҩҲóˡϸ֮Ʒ׸һЩҩԺԼã۳ȥҲи߼ֵϧЩҩѾЩҩĵ֮򵽵ƷҩˡҲѹ֣ܹõʿӦõĶѾˣٶݿЩʿõĶ޷ȫԴĳЩ˵ҶС⴫͵ԶͻصǸСطҪࡣֻǣɻܸˣ˵ٺãҲһ̡
֮ǰҪ֮һ¯ǻ𡣵¯ҶС֮ǰѾ˷ĵѡƷʼѵĵľר֮ʦʹҲ㹻ˡõĻ𣬾ҶСһҪȥ׼ġ
ʿںԵǿѰػҶСѽЩʱգֻһֱѰع֮ٳδ𡣶һһԭǾΪĹϵԽΪá
Ʒ׸ߵͷ𡢵ػ˻ߣػУ˻¡ȻǸۣҲЩ˻ƷʼѣԶʤػġ𣬾ˡ

֮ж̫Ǿɻ
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𣬼ҶСҪԼĵĻ档ĸ֮гʱĵһ˿ֳΪϢûҶСԣֻǴǰδԺԼ𲻶ںϣܱؽٶ
Ĳ࣬ûᵽ嶼𣬶ܹҲڸճ֮ʱд컯ģֻеشӵ塣
СҶСռ֮Ѿһ뽻ʮҲ⡣Ϊ˱С֮ϲԻʮ֧βãûСΧһ㱡⿴ȷǲŨֻǺһ㣬ѱɾСһءеĻᷢǴ翴ô屡һʱ˴Զľɴλǰһ¥ͤǳſķȥʵȷ¥ͤԽԽԶ
󣬾˴뵺죬Ҳסһ

ʶֻ˽ԲﷶΧڵʶСҶСΪģһӴĵݿССȫڵҶСڣڵ֮С
ҶСĵҪΪףˮ֮£ȴҪڵɵͬһʱ佫УֻܹڡȻһȫγɣͻΪеѾγɣ޷ںϡ
ǿҶСҲòȫʶĳ̶ȶԿơҴʱҲȫԸҶС
֮еĽ𵤽䣬ԽҫۣģڽΧʼ۳ʳҶС۳ļȼ𼫾Ȼֻ⼸ʣȷʵҶСȫԿơڣͺһѾȥһ㣬ۿҪȼͷĻҩȴδȼյһɲǡҶСģһɲֹͣ΢һأʧȥںϵĻᡣ
⼸Ƴ۳֮ڽ֮б㿪ʼһ˿˿ע뵽⼸Ƴ֮Сģ⼸֮СԽԽ࣬˺һŻһģȴֻͣδʵֻǴﵽȼյٽ㣬ȼնѡ
ϸ֮ڣҲһɫͳҲϸȥɫһɫҶСһҶСܵ˼ָӦֻȴûпɫתһųɵĻϷǳڲϵۣɫԽȼҲԽɫȴڲϱ䵭ϡ
ΪɫһƷ׻ԶҶСĵ౶ҶСĵҪȡʤΪ߳ɹʣҪžȼ

֪˶ãֻҶСĵ֮УһųҫۣƺѾ棬ʵȴǲδȼաϷһǣƺܵ·Ӱ죬ҲʼڡҶС۵ڴﵽٽ㣬ٶһֱ֣ȼǵ
һʼ³ֱţɢһֻţŲһ㣬Χڰһųȫס
˵Ŀ죬ʵÿһ˿ĵҪֽСġȻ̲ӣʱȴѾȥ˶աҶСȫĵһ˿˿Ա֤һٳɹ֮ʱСȴһ֮͡
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ȴһ˵֣ˣ˵⻰ΪˬĽˣ
˻һ䣬ҲͣȻһҪǳʿһسӵӡΨź۵ŮδһԣֻǾڼ༸мּΨ⣬뼺޹һ㡣
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ҶСڽͷȻѾӦ仯ȴҲȥܣֻһĴںϡ
ν޳ʧ֪ǸҵҶС֮ǰ˺ڵ꣬졣Ȼʱ⼸ͻȻ룬Ҫ˴

º֮תãδҵ·ŷⲢͨǽ˽ơ
СͲ󣬾㲻ǷУԼ˵Ľų̣иʱҲСתˡһתۣѾչȥ⼸˻ֹδ߳мѾ˵е¥̨ͤһ߹ȥȴŲˡ


ڰʮ ֮
俴òģϵҲʮӣʵȴѾֹꡣҲǼΪḻ±µԼ˽ƵСϧǼ֮ȴûжý֮ˡýֹ֮ȴҲƽ֮ɡҶСһ첼µĽȻЩãʵȴʲô߽׽ƣȻһ룬ҪܵǿˣﻹôңĴײԼ֮ҪƳƲʲô¡
±һʿһȻԼ˰װױ֮Щŭִ½֮ȡһö޴֮һ֣һͷ޹ƾճڼǰǾ޹һ䵽棬㷢ȻһҪ췭һ㡣ʿ޾޹صҶСĽǻмƣֻǿҲǲһ֣ɶСľ޹ͺһƶСɽһ㣬ĳǰһߣѾȫΧк޾޹ʵײһСɽҲܰײߣСϵһԻýƣܵײûãһɢȥСʵģҲ˼ǰ
ƣ޲мһЦ˵ҵǰҲװŪλھȥʶʶǿСɣ
ֵľɽȻͬ죬ղƸǿհһʿһЦϵ
ˣɽ굱ǾͰ˳ֵķɽ֮µģ˵꣬б۾ǳսޡȻ˶ͬʿȴר޲ͬƽд֮ʱȻսǿĽƣɽܸǳʿ⻰֮⣬ȻǶԳʿܸһ𵤳ʿе⡣ȻҲֶԳս޵֮⡣
һ䣬ʦкһͬɵɽ걳֮ϣһͬҶС֮ϮȥȻһ·ɽǲ·ģСءɽ̨ͤһ̤ڽ£ֱԭɾľ޼ѴһƬǽ塣ˣʦȴмֵ⡣
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䡭
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ѭȥֻʿ˿˫Ȳ濪Ȼھɽ걳֮ϣʿȴȭֻƣֻ֮Ͼһɫȼաٿ޹꣬˿ΪĹ׾мѷ죬ѷʿм䴦һӡ
ɽ걯һ֮󣬱֫һ̱ȥҲɫɷףܵشҲᱻۡ룬ΪǿľɽȴǰʿϢ
ҶСոֵĽҪʱ̣Ǿ֮£һ⼸˵֮󣬲һƬңҶС徲֮ʱ徲һҪأѾǶҶС˺ܴӰ졣⻹ǲƣۿǾɽҪײҶСڵС¥֮ʱҶСڲòƴһƴӿĽ̡Ǿ֣ȴڲĴæ֮ʽʹ֮ҶСĵںΪһҵô˴γɹʧܣҪںֻܵȴԪӤʱΪӤ֮ʱȥ
Ĵ漸ߣֵոɹһΪ˳һΪ˲ҶС֮ءǾɽĹжǿȻѣȴҲδжϲϾǿõҪһҲ̫֮¡ǣȴδǾɽ˵Ĳ԰ɫȻǾɽһ֮вǹױѣ˲ˡ

ֻһ֣һֱҪҶСεʿ͡ʱתͷǳսޣ֮Ϊ㲻˵סҵ˼ڣǲǳսԣȴ˵Լţȴ˼˵Ĳޣ⻹δ֣ѾˡûиԻָ
λģȻΪλ֣ҶС˵ǳս֮ʱ϶во˼ֻص죬ǲ֣Ҿˣ
һ䣬ҶС˫һ񣬱ϷɽȻɳֱһӸ߿ֱ֮ȥͬʱ˫ſ֮ʣ˫֮ϻͬʱȼܵϻ˫ȼһ֮ǣ˲֮ͬһ֮󣬻ҶСһôڸո֮֮֮תһ죬ֻһ죬δҶСǿ٣ȴʹҶСĿǿࡣڣֻҪҪһ顢һ˿Ƿɣ֮ǰֻ˶ĳһļ⡣ڣʶ֮Уƺÿһϸ΢̺֮ɲʵⲢʲôرãҶСڴٽһ֮ʱͻдЧˡոպøϵɹ֮ʣЩˡ
һҶС˵ı࣬ҲвҪ˷ѡڣڿ֮ʣٶȼɱڷɽնͬʱҲѾ˸ǰ
ҶС˫ȭȴǳʿȥѾ˲ˣҶСȴ̫δûޣսҲûٵġ
ڼ˴֮ʣͻȻҶСת۾ǰ׷׼˻⣬⼸Ȼ໥ɡǳսȻһֱͬ鷳ؼʱȴҲҫķɽȻɳӭҶСķɽһ˼һⷨסȴԼ˵ޡ⼸֮ǰϵȴؼʱ̻ǵûסͬ顣һ̵ʣµһʿзɳֱҶСȥ


ھʮ Ů
ΪȻûжɱһȴҲƽ⡣ҶС˵ַȷɽҪԵֵɽһ£ȴóȻ˭Ҳ˵׼Чж󡣶ңոҲ̫ԸҲδ
æ֮УֻһǡǺһֱҶСȴҲǡǰҶСһȭѾһ룬ǰȻһ巨˫̺֮ӴȴҲ޷ջأЮӲɲǼηȥ
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ǶηҲһʿıʵڻΧ֮ãǶΣȴǷʱҶС˫ȭ֮ɢȥ˴⣬ͬʱ䣬ۿҪȥ
һʵ̫ңҶСԼҲһ˳ȥһ³Ծ
ҶС˿һɲǣոǿֵסҶСһĶηȴٶȷ״ֻԭδɢ֮оɫϢɫϢ֮ɢҶСصͬʱ֮䣬ǶηҲͬʱʧȥ˷֮⻹ʿʱǷջأȻɫϢҪ뷨֮С
𣬵ʪ棬ˮܣ죬ֹ˵Ļԭǿ֮һմȾ֮󣬾ͻ᲻ʴȻҶСĵֻں˲󲿷ҶСĵ𲢷𣬵ȴɼ̳˼Ϊǿԡ
ҶСһأٻ˸ոձǳսֵסķɽվԭأûдٶȽģ漸˼ҶСٹҲٳ֣ǸոշɳһɫҲɻм䣬Χһת
ҶСͷ˫Ŀ֮вһ˿һֱڰ֮иŵ𵤺ʿǰʿȻ࣬ʵոƬ֮ҶСѾȥһսǻк֣ҶСҲδȫ⼸ҶСҪ˲¡ҶСɵģֻ֮ϵʿʿװأϵϢҶСҲ޷̽⣬ʶǿʲô巨ʲôر𹦷á
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ԷܵҶСĿ⣬ȴǺ޷ӦҶСʵ㲻ôͬʱ˫֮ϵٶһ֣һУһҶСУȴǷɽСһ䣬ɽ֮һǣ˲ûһ׶ĳҫĿ󽣣
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Ҳеǽ𵤺ʿҶСĻ飬ֻһЦ֮һ˵ǺǣūҲ·˳㿴ǵ¿ū޹ءҪ˼ȥҪ˼ҺȲô
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û뵽һ£ɴŮ޾㡣仰ҶСԤϣװҲ⡣һеȻʣҶС̴˾ʿ֮УȴҲһЩرʿ޵õĹ;ȻЧ֪֮öԷ־ܡЩ꣬ҶСһλʿΪ⹦̫޷ƣòֺɴźۣر𷨱סʣⲻ֮ˡһƺǰ֮˲ıϡʱҶСȴδ뵽Լ⴫֮ʱڶʤݵĶ֮еһСɡ֮УˣϢο޴ݵģ
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ǺǡҶСĻֻƮڿеʿȻһЦת㻯һȥֻڸոշƬҶС˵ûܺȳɵѵĲ衣գū衣£ӰѾٶȻһԶ
˴˴ον澡ʧֻǳսʮεĳҶСʩһ񣬱ڨڨȥ
һ˸ո뿪ãҶСС뱻ƻòм֮ʱͼһʿżʿĶݹֱСɵĽЩҶСֱҶС
ҶСɻΪ鷳ʱǽʿ˵˫֮Ͽ﷿ʿίɴ˵ġ﷿óıǿٶ֮˫пνһָշ֮ߣѰɢǸ벻ġ
ô˵ⷬ󣬼˱Ҳȷ󣬾ҶС֮ͬ󣬱㿪˵ҳ㣬ҶСҲ漸޸ɵ߳ԶԶ
ȴǼʿҲƻһƬǽĵ棬ֻڵ֮Ի˸Ʒ伸˿⣬ڵϻͼͼ֮һرҩۣ֮󣬱ӫ⡣˼ҲǾ޸ֱƻ˵ĵ졣ûãѾ춼ҫӫҩ۷֮С
ǽʿվڷĴ˫ⲻҫȻ˫ֺʮȥ˫Ƴŵأ֮вҫӫҩ۷ȥһ˲֮䣬˰Сķ㾡ԱӸ߿֮пȥҲǹⲻǿֱ춼֮Сʱȴһ¡¡죬֮ǰıƻķ֮ϵʯľмƬȵ￪ʼƾշ𣬾дһ̨ͤ¥Сšȵȵȡ
ת˲֮䣬˼ɾСһƬ֮н½һ룬Ȼԭһ뾰¸ʤһ֡
Ȼһֱ磬ҶСȴǵһμԭӦá̾ѣҶС۽硣
ҶС˱֣ϸֻ֮ҶСʶʵЩǳƺǰЩȴҲһЦЦȴȡЦЦ̾ҶСѾʵǷȴڽʱ̫̣Ҵ뱻ڶһ֮Уʲôʶ֮֮֮꣬ԺеҶС̾
֮н𵤺ʿԪ֮࣬Ҳһ꣬ҶСֻжʮ꣬еʱҲֻʮѣҪ˵ž飬Щǧ϶ǱȲ˵ġȻ˵ġ֡ˡ


ھʮһ 
֮ʱһ֮ҶС²󡣳˸ȥ̽Ϣ⣬㶼ǳС֮С

֪֮䣬ǴȥҶСȴûκܻصݵİ취ҪɻȥڵٶҲҪ꣬лط޷Ծ֮ԶȻǻʹôͣȴҲһԶ봫ϢƺǱʲôһ㡣ع֮·ͷȴҲݻķϡ
УҶСڲƵҩ֮йȥȻƷҩƲףɹҲ̫ߣȴҶСڵĵƷϼѣĵںƷҩĳɹʺƷʶܹܵķΧ֮ڡΪƷҩʵ̫ķÿֻƼö¸ơ⻹ʶǿǱ˰ҲƲ˼öġ
ҶСϸ֮еҩѾܹҶСԼճӦãԼɱҩԼƣԳĻ⣬ͶʯڵĵҩѾܹԼ㡣ƷҩٶȻѸٵѸٽڴﵽĲʱѾ˻ƤЧӵĲ㵽Ѿ÷ɽ̼ҪԵﵽ֮ЧҶСոдһԭ򡣾ǵһ죬ѾһĺôĻþҲǰǰƽͣ˵ǲôƽҶСÿƿһþҪ򣬻Ҫȥսʤþ֮еĵˡǰĻþһЩճҸǱݵĸ̬ҶСһ԰Σȴ֮мսҶСҲҪսʤеǿ˲СЩˣĳ̶ֳħЧͬģֻõħѡϧ޷ħħ壬ȻҶСնɱͲԶʶͨǿΪˡ
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һʱҶСϰģʵиöʱ֮ȻЩ򣬵ǻһϰʱŷ̺ĵʵ̫£ǼΪɬѶҪĵ㣬ֻ᲻ԴиʦǰҲֻǵ㵽ΪֹҪҲǽġΪĵҪԼȥģǱܹһֱϰãȴҲԶƤëѡҪ潫ڻͨ·;ããָķҶС޷ҲҲֻպ
ϸ֮бҩѾ֮ǰµһѪȴֻǷ˸СѿҶСΪ⡣ԭѪǳԵ̬£ȴҪ֮áҶСϸֲ֮ҩޣּҩƵҩֻһѪʮȫγƵľ֮УСĴ
ոȺ֮ʱʱᵣҲڷʼҶСоռ䷨ΪϻԵЩеĿšеĿšաǰǡһͻȻѿԭڴ֮ǰѾԤ⵽˻˷̫ԶԪֱ֮ҶСϸӻ˳ͨͣ㶨šǿѣҲǰȫġ
֮·ҵЩΪ֮ԪɴӡȻ޴ԵƽһʵڿЧҶСȻҲһ̲͵иʵΪ̫Եı仯

һգҶСһʶ֮ȴͻȻһʶ̽ʶһܹ̽ܵòʣֻڸ֪ѡ̽˵ϸǰ㡣
ԴϴǼʿ֮С֮һֱ¡ҶСڽҲЩţ˵ǼʿܵѾ˳ȥȻСȴʱҲû˿ֻǽ𵤳ʿġ
һţҶС֮һֺɴź۵ʿȻпĳڣҶСȴһ۱ȷ˾ϴεʿΪ˵ĸоǺܶصģҶСκ϶δܹʡ
͸ܹжΪڽ𵤺ڶѡһ棬ҶСʮ־񣬸
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ȻģŮҲ֮䣬һٺֽԴƤ˵ƭ˵裬裡
ǺǣôͷѴ·ҶĳһˣһѵĲ裡ҶСԸڨȴ޶ۡʵǹڡһϹŴ֮¿ɵ棬Ůˣǿȴƫƫ˵ǡ衱еĵЦ֮Ȼó

ҶСĽŮ󣬿Ժ֮ȴȻͳˣŮǰװͿСϷ
ȴһԷֿζ޴ӵ֪һ˴ҶСĻط֮ı̲ݻ֪֮Уһ棬и֡


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ԽǱԽҲ޷䵽ĵطΧʼȴδﺣסԽԽΧܵˮѹҲ𽥴˲òų⣬ڱˮΧֻںĺףŲɫǱ
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ԭǰֺ֮ӳΪڤӣҶСǵһ˵Ů˵꣬㵱Ǳڤ֮У༸Ҳ׷׸һȥΪرѣڤ֮еĺˮͺĶһ㣬ҶСĻһˮЩͺʳʼʳ˸һ룬ǻһҲͬڤˮȻļȴûӰ켸ǰٶȣֻˮԻĸʴʵ̫ǿ󣬷ڽ֮Ͽ˸ӣɼһ㡣˼ˣ뾡ڤӣ׷װٶ졣
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⵹δصģ˵ȻˮûӦҲܸܵõռƬ֮еķΪΧûһ˿еɢ¡˵׼ʲô֮ңЩʲôЩ˵Ҳǲġ͵ɲ˭һʥʦġ
ʥ˵ûݿ»һģԼδᣬҲȥֻ̽ﵽ֪˵ػԶ봫󡭡
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ʿЦһ˵пɴһĶ֮бȻ෨ǹʿżĻ¾ͳЩûʲôˣ
ʿҲеΪɲǨ㻹Ǹڵıﶼᱻ߻Ǳ°ߵġԷɵż֮лбļʴСڸɢĶ


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ʿ֮ԣҲɻŮޡ
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˵ʲôʿŭĿԲɣתͷҶСͬʱһɽ˼ǲˬҶСһʱҪ
û˵ʲôСʱڼŵԷƣҶСĻȴƽ͡
㵨˵һԣʿüһ壬ȵ
ҶС΢΢ͷڻʲôŲϵЩͿҲǱúܡ
㡭
ۿžʿҪʱȴһ·δ˵һ仰ʿһǾʿǰɳƵ˵֣ڧȻѾ˵أ̽˵ʲô»ȥ˵´˵ز򵥡
ʿѹŭֻҶСһۣתͷȥ˵ֻǿ첽ǰȥǳʿʿٷҲתͷҶС˵ҶҲ˵䡭
ȻʿҶС֮вһ飬ʵȴҶСʱһ鷳ֻҶС˵˾䡰ѡҲ˵
ҶС񱾾ʮԴ֮ˣʿԭ̬ȾͲ̫ãҶСҲѹϵֽһ֡Ϊһ˾̫Σգھڴ˵أǶһҲûʲôɾµġʿһֱΪмЩҪһֶΡʱδ֣ʿ鷳Ҳˡ

֮󣬼һǰƺΪ̣ڲЩ⣬ṹȻδʲô𻵡ڴһǣһ޴ҵڵ档Һ󣬱׭ɫ̵֣
Ȼϵ֣ȴûһ֪ǳǺˡҲȥܣֱǰȥ

ҶСϸ֮е⼸֮˼
ǰѵ֣ҶСʵ
ֻǲ֪Ƿͬһˡ˵һˣԭΪһ֮ԭıһͷǳϡٵޣǺΪ̫죬ĳһʱͻȻǣ䷴ɣҪΪơȻ޵ѹƣӡȴǻңɱˣڳƷѹ֪ԼΪʮֻںޣԶ˽Լֲ꣬ҲԺ޶ʹԼ̫죬Ǹɴѡսǿ󣬶ǲߵޡ
Ӧòɺϰɣܿɡû뵽޻дһţҶСȴ̫Żɱײһط
ǲǶνˡѾȥ֪ˡ˵˳һˡ
ҶСȴ˼һתֿʵǰСһ̣Ƿһߣ˲ģ
⵹һ˰ɡԭӦ໥ֹϵǾȴֻǽ޵һ編ɽһ㡣ޣ˻ججʹ꣬ȻΪɣǵǻָһֻ̣ζԴνˣ
˲δ䵱ūһʹδ޲֮أ
ǺǣڵСɣҶС˼ЦЦ˵
ǰЦˡ
СƺΪһ㣬ѾͣνԺӦҲ֮µġԣѪ֮ʱǿԷĸʳõġ

ҶСϸ֮е̸֮ʱ༸Ѿһ¯ҵһܵܵѾ򿪣ۼƺ򿪲ãȻǰ
߰ɡ
Ǿʿ֣Ƚ֮ܵСڵż֮ΪߵľʿѾĬϽԼһСӵĴͷ֮ˡֻǾ֮ǰһԺҲٱԹʲôֻżƳҶС۹Уôһ
ܵһƬֻǵ֮һҫҹ֮УЩ㣬ͺɢŵǡ
Ȼܵò߳˵أȴδʲô⡣ڼǰһʯװĴֻڴһСͷƺ͵ʱڿռƬƵСͷмơһҶС˫۷Ź⡣Ľǻһͷ޵ÿһǰһʯ̨ߵýˣ㷢ʯ̨֮Ͼһ塣ҿȥĸ嶼ʲôо֣ƺƽģҿ̨֮ϵĻҳùȻ˸ո˴
ƺ뷨Ŀ֮رùü˶δֿСͷķٿ˵صãؾҪˡ
ʱǾʿߵһ̨֮ǰ֮㽫ֽ⿪ֱͲʲôо֣ƽҲû̫ѶȡǾڼ׼ȥƽʱȴոƽ˵ֺǾ޵ͻȻ⣬һ޺ǺţһʯһĻҰʯ㻯ɫϻиֺɫơ
ʯޣȴ˺һ䡣ʯ֮Ե䱾ʯͷΪǿһ̤֮Աɽʯ
ңǰʯ߼ʵһһӣһֱƽֵľʿײȥ
ʯһͷţΨɫͻرǿ֮һͷǰǣһ׳㡣ֻһڼ侹ȻâһĹâʹǺì
˵ؿռޣʯٶȼ졣ʿһʱ⣬ͬʱɽʣֱʯնȥ
ʯһײ֮£δײƻ⡣ֻһʿ˼㵲סײͬʱһβһ˦һ½ǷɽƫһԷȥͬʱ䣬ʯһתǰλδֻһŵתΪԺ㳯Ǿʿȥ
Ȼ֮ǰЩìܣʱܵҲ׷׳֡ļ𵤺ʿͬʿҲʵģͬʱԸһͷ߼Ҳǲѡ
ȻȻʯ޵һ˫ͣȴδȫʹȫ㱻ֻˡͬʱǾʿ䣬һɽӸߴֱֱ£һ±㽫ʯ֮С
Ƿɽк󣬾ǰʯ޾ȻԻһŵת뵽̨֮С̨󷽵ʯ̨֮ϣʯ޵ĵûΣֻعΪһʯ
ˣ˶ԭĸ̶ȻĽˡֻҪƽĸؾͿԿ󣬿ƽʧܣͻǵ񸴻Ȼ˲ǵ񸴻ޣǿ¾ɱΣ޷򿪵ġ
̨ϵĲоֲҪƽͿԡѣ㲻Ƕ󷨽һо࣬ǿƽأȴ˳˼һ󣬿ڶŮ˵༸𵤺ʿ֮˽ⲻ࣬Ҳ˵
ֻǺŲ̊ǰú˵ȻҶϹĽҲ˽⣬ȴδĽֹΪԿ׵󷨣ֻҪƽֱɵġǸոѾƽ֣Ȼǲδƽơֻعԭ֣һֱĪŮҲһĪչ


ھʮ 糱
ԡ˳֮ʣҶС˵
Ҷѻýֻ֮Ů޾ʵƺǳȡ
ԶһҲȷƽƵġ˵꣬ҶСָҫ֮ϲϵ䡣֮һһŽ£̵ʼԽҶСµ֮һⲻתһ˿߽һر˳һĹԽһյһ㣬âֱ֮ϣӳڶĹͼУЩӵλýǺշһ㡣
ҶС뿪̣ͬʱ뷨֮ϵĸ֮һҲʼӯӯ⡣̨󷽵ĵȴûκα仯
˸ҶСʲôЩӣԿþ档ҶСģȻϹŽҲ˽⣬ƺģ˽⣬ǺŮ޾ǶԽֹ֪֮֮꣬Եɵ󷨣ȻҶСƽ⡣Ǻʿʼе˼ƺһʼҲ֪ҶС񶮵ý֮ġ
ҶСһƽĸ̨֮ϵĽƣ˲Цݣһ䡣ǳʿȴһɫ䵭ǾʿҶСƺֶһΨǱɴס׵Ů޿ʲô飬ֻδ˵һ仰
ҶСﶮý֮ƽȻϸ֮е̨֮ϵĲоʵֻģӵģӵ˳ʵûκιģֻҪȫת֮ƽġϹ󷨣㲢ʮָõֽҲһʱо͸ġȻ˿ͷ˵ƽȴ׾ٵġ˵͵ʱʱƽˡ
̨Ĺںϵһ뷨֮ϵĸҲӯӯֱ󶼷ӨӨԡ
˶֮ϺŮ㿪ʼת⴫ͷȻЩƣһϸˣҶСֹ֮⺺Ҳⷨ󲢷ʲô󡣾Ͽ̻ķ֮֮࣬»ࡣҲԿ⴫ͷĿصؾ˴Ҳ̫Զ

ѣ֮ǰҫȥ˱һ֮Сһ㷢Χһ֮⼸ڵķһĳ֮УһͷڷԵǰȴĸʽޡƺЩ޶ڳʲôȫƲϴͳ
ֻһЩԽĺޱͻȻתһֽУֱŷȥ˳֣ʱһͷͷʼ
⼸һ·˳·Ȼ˼ͷޣȴҲʰż֮֮ǰҲδκΣգȴһͳ󣬾ͼڶĺޡһȥȫ弶ϵĺޣлв߼ޡ
˳Щ˼ˣڽǵĹֽຣҲߣݾ֮󣬱㶼ֽų˳˹ͬʱЩ֮䣬Һ̡һβͻǳ롢֮Ķ˹
˶ĺޣ˶һ󾪲ҶСҲ̲סһѹΧһֱûһͷ߽׺ޣԭۼֻǲ֪Щ޾ۼڴڴֺ޽УҲǺ޳Ѩģ
δ֣Щޱ㳱ˮһӿ˲ʱ伸˸ʩܣӫһţżէ֣һХ˲Ǵ󣬻һͷߣڶе޷ɽ֮˺ս֮СŮȴԣ˻СȴǷһһöȭͷСһӣһһëģķҲ߲⣬ˡĹԵֵסóĶҺ͸ĸ̵ȹëǻûһ֧޴ëӰڵסһͷͷ޵ֱӹԭһһЧΪǿһ֮¾ûκαĵģ
ʵ˵һϾ˽ܣҲڴ֮ǰѾֹԷֹŮ˵޿ɷأǰԮ˼÷̣ҲȫʩΪնɱǰĺޡ
Сռ֮Уܼĺޣ乥ǿԶĺ޹ǻҪҡҶСҲռ˿ռСıˣסһߣһ򵱹ĪƣȻڶ࣬ȴ˺档ϾܶຣǲԶ빥ģֻںһ˻Уȴ޷ǰ
㼸ʵǷ˶ೱˮһԴԴӿĺ޳֮£ҲʼѹԽԽ⺣֮е弶кãҪлмͷսǿ߼ޡڣҶСֻǶһͷ߼⣬޺Өֵͷ߼ޡһʱ֮䶼ѷʤż˵ѹԽԽĺ޿ʼԽ˷ɽӨ嵽˼ǰʼǷͷųķ
һܵвŵǾʿһλǻ֣Ƕù
һ䣬ҶСɸܵռ֮һɿѹǾʿѹֻǷɽâǣӷɽַֻ֮һ޶ɽɽͬʱ֮£Ƭ̱㽫һͷ߼ɱܿ죬һͷҲɱ
ǳʿҲͷųһɽһѹֱѹǰͷޡϽ̹ƣֻķɽâӽͻȻǳһɽתԶԶȥһȼɫԲ̣֮ԱնϡȻûöҲնɱһͷ߼ޡ
ӨҲǣ˵£ҲͷƾոֳһʽӲףҫͬӫ⡣ӨǸֱ˵ڣ˲䣬еļຣޱʱѹ壬ŵôԭزҶӨսҲ˲˲֪ɡ
ǺŮҲʱ̿һЦּһа˸ߣԲ״ķҫŹͭɫĹâڼǰתնɱŸոճĺǡ
һҪҶСˡһûб˵ѹǿóģ֣ԼϾΪͣȻҲɵȫȥƴɱ
ʵѹҶС֣ȴǻδѹһҲ֣ƺÿʱ䶼ͬڶ򣬸ǵ˽ԺġҶС㣬Ѿһʱ䣬ȴȻ޷ѹĻټҶСҲرע伮֮ԣֻһرĸоͻȻг֣ͻȻ÷ͺԼ֫һָʹδ޷ᵽָоġ

ʱƣڼǰĺԽԽ࣬Ǻ޵ʬͶ˼ǰ˺øһ㡣ɾˣЩǺηӭŽⶾƷһ㡣
֮ϵѪҲһ㣬ֱ˽űߣűǷ档ʬѳɽѪ̺ӵľ˿¶ǵһμҶСƺܵ˿֮еѪʬζǷһζҲġ
ȫʵ˴ĺ޲ĥ֮£Ҳʼ³˱˿⣬ԽһֱΪȫֵҶСûʲôѹ֮⣬˶ʼЩ״ȻҶСδȫȫɱĺҲδ϶١ʱٿҶСɫƺ㣬༸Ҳĵװȡ



ھʮ ̻꾧
֪λûзЩ̫ԾȴҶСնɱһͷն˫㣬ſǰĺ޺󿪿˵˵ʶĽƣҶСȻʶǿȴҲ֪Զ
ƺЩҲ̫ηһЩǺҲܣǻ̫ˡȴ˽޵˵
Ƿйǰȥʲô֪ˡȴǳʿ˵
أŻڲһͷͷ޳Ǿʿʵڼ˱ǽڣǰߣһܻΧ֮Сѹ˲һֹ
񣬿ûʲô󰭣ҵȵĽˡȥ⺣ԴԴϣʱҪǺã˿˵
ʵǾʿʱҲܣֻڴ˴ûһҪðգʵڻۿҪ̤ԪӤڣֻƽȽ˶ĺʬڴˣҵ˱⴫ɡȥ˺˽𵤣Ҳ㲻һΡαȥðǷա
ֻŮ޵Цһ˵ôԼЩʬɣҵȥǰ̽̽·
Ȼһ༸˺Ĭıɱ̤ź޵ʬ峬ǰȥʿں˼Ƭ̺󣬵ûиǼǰɱںߵѹҲʱࡣ
˱ˣҪǰнѹҲִࡣҶСҲ֣ȫնɱһ˲ΪεʱǺŮһҪ𵤳ڵʿˡֻҫĿɽ֮±նɱһͷޣƴʼھȻ㡣һͷ߼޳˼˷ߣݺݵĳǷ֮ʱ뷨÷ɽֻ̧һţӭײĺ߷ɻȥǼֱ޷ţʿҲܲ߼ޡʱԭĵ׽еһ˿ӣҲʧˡ
Ȼѹһ̲˶ױһ㳬ǰнšڣڼǰһ޴˩סڰ֮СʱΧСһɫʯתͬʱԿüɫʯ֮仹һӾʯ֮뵽ȥ
ѹǰĺ֮࣬ԭΪģܻͨ·ֱͨʱͨ·֮仹ĺڳҶС˳
Ҫ˶ĺ޾ǼʵҲΪ龰ߵûںءȻҪЩ
ûָӣ˸Գͨ·ϷȥȻ˵ؽļΪ̣ȴûҪֹ˿⹥ı׼죬ڼ˷ɽ޵ǿ󹥻֮£Ǽͨ·׷׿ʼ̮ѹ˲֪ٺޣֹ˺溣޴
Ŵһͳõĺ¡֮ҶСǰֻʣΪĺޣûþͱ˸ɾͨ·̮ͨ·סȻᱻɾһʱǹġ
ǣ̧ͷɫʯֻһŵŮҲ쾪ѵ̻꾧
̻꾧˶࡭ҲȵһɫȻĳʿҲ
ҶСδֶֻ⾧ʯƺЩһһ̺ǿʶĸоʱȴ͵̻꾧һּΪϡٵľʯֻĸ̻֡ǺΪһְ֮ڹ̻ͬʱ԰־ʯħսǰҲǼΪ֮˴֮ࡣ
̻ҶСǰҪ
ⶫԹҲӦòʹⶫȴҲãлᣬҲҪŪһЩԺ˵ôСȴ˵
ʱ̸ʱֻǼ˵˼䣬˵ⶫûʲôãȴҲ˵Ҫԡ
֮Ǻ˶̻꾧ȴ˿ʵ
ڰյ֮һƬڣҸһֲĸоǺҲʱȴҶСͻȻ˵пǸ߽׹콫Щ̻꾧ն䣡
ҶСĸоʵ̫ϤˣǿռƬ֮в֪ɱ˶ٹϢһ±жϳȻ֮ʶʶһɨȴȻ̺ܵǿֲ
ҶСδ䣬һɽֱ̻꾧ϵնȥǹ˶̻꾧Ҳ֪ĶڸʲôҴʱɢϢӦǵ׶Ρ
ҶСҲʱһеĹĹؼʱ̣Ż˶ĺЭҲɸɾˣȴδ뵽ǱҶСһײ
˻δʲôȻ֪ҶС֪£ƾ֮ǰչֳƽ֮ϵҲ˶ĻΡͬʱɽն༸˱Ҳŷ׷׳֣ȥնЩ̻꾧ϵ
ǴǷɽ޿ȴΧͻȻֳһһһ㣬˼˵Ľһ˼˳ֵġʵһδ̽ɷ֣һзȫ֣ȫ
ʱ䣬һƬڰգΧƯ̻꾧һΪҹҫҫĿ⡣ʿĹƶǲССĿռ֮ȫʩΪֻ⼸ʿ壬񶯾Ըͽʿ˺ġ⻹ǼƣⶴѨԼɾͲˡ
һϾǷʩչҲǻһʹڼ£㿪ʼ߽ڣһâɽҲ֮룬ֱն̻꾧ɫϵǵһɫϵϻ꾫תһֱ֮СǷɽͷųĽâҲǿƻһ֮һһӴɫϵ˲佫նϡͬʱնϵģǿ̻꾧Ʈɽ֮һ顢һſŵ̻꾧Ե
һЧ˶ʼӴ̻꾧ͷЩʿжŵģȻûйޣȴһʿֶǻҵԴġûȥԼҲǿԴ׬һʵġ˶̻꾧һЩˡ㲻ΪֹеĶΪЩ̻꾧ҲҪġ
̻꾧նһСֺ֮еĶƺʮַŭһ㣬һХһȻΪ˵ΪеĶӲˡ
̻꾧û뵽д
ʱͻȻһЦͼһ˴ӼͷͻȻԾҶСÿҲ֪վʿո֮ʱҶСѾ޵ʶ̽ⷶΧ﷢ӰԹ˽⣬еĶƺҪʿǰȥ̽·֮áмǹҶСԸһǿڴˣǲġֻ֮ǰĵ̫ǿڲƷżʱ֡
ǽ𵤺ڵʿ֮ǰصĺʬ֮󣬼ûкٹµǰӦ˳˼һתҲĸҪһ̽׻ʲôûСǡǡͼƿ˷ն̻꾧ļʶԶԶҲһ۾ϳ˴˺ס˷ܣǿ󣬱㲻ֱɹȥᣡ
վʿ˷ܴۿҪȡ̻꾧֮ʱͻ


ھʮ ڰ
һһĺɫ֮̽һ̽ЩǱ˺һ㣬ֱվʿȥ
ҶС˴ȥͼƱһīŨˮĺڰҹ֣һ˵ĸܾͺͺҹ˵ĸһδ֪ǿ־壡һĳìһͷ֮ϣìеһڿٵĲʹʿʿΪȻǿڴһֵһ˲֪ԣ˲һŽɲǼ佫ЩƺΪǿϵ֮£ʹʿĻᶼûУֻһζ
Ƭ֮䣬ڰìѾ̼£ÿÿ̳ʿĻⷢײÿһ£ǽĻ֮һСȦͬīˮˮеֺɫơ
顭һ֮ȴͻȻʿĻ⾹ȻȻɢȥ༸˽ڲ죬ΪԿʿĻӦû֧Ƭ̵ġһɢʿɽδ޴ӵ͵ֻĿҹһĳìС
ۡ
ʿڼǰǺڰì̴һɹѪ˳һ˿ڲո棬ʿ˲䱻Ǻ֮еĶɱ
˽ûһõܹһ˲㽫𵤺ʿɱΪҪԪӤΪˣһֻѰԪӤʿΪʿҲһֻ̤ԪӤżġ
ʲôǿȴһʿɱ˲ɣٻӨ߻ǰһոԼ͹Ǻڰķ֣Ǹոͳ֣ʱɱ񲻾Լʱĵһ𡭡
ǰ߳ʿҲǷֳֽ˲ɣǺڰ
Ů޸ҪˣȴҶС޺˵˼ҶСһ䣺ҶСģ
ҶСȴûһĿǺڰŮ޼ҶСδҲֻǺͣҶСкζĹ۲죬ҶСóȻ֮ˣοʱ¹
˼վɶȴҲδ˵ʲô
ʿٶȳֵҲһɲ֮䣬ھͼǺڰһźĶţһ֮ȻĳìһĴ׳ڲϻڶǰڰìһʿڳÿһʿ鴤һ¡Ȼڶȴδֻ֮од棬ȻȻĶǿҵĴ̼ӦԲźδɾһ
Ǻڰͺڿ·һ㡣ûҶСڳֻ༸˵Ļµᱻס˿ҶСȴǿ
ҶС΢һ˿Ц⡣һ˫;˫΢УֱǺڰԵþۡһҶСʶ֮бӰɽ۳Σ˫ϲתţһڰ켣ֱֱǺڰȥͬʱֻҶС񱳺һХȴķɽʣһڰӰɽֱ֮ڰ
༸˶ûǺڰĹҲδ壬ֻʿǰӰìɱҶСȴʶ֮Ǻڰ֮ɢĺڰƺʶмǽڹʶ֮һʡЩìлмȫʶ۶ɵļ̣Щʿδʶ֮˻⣬ֱʿԪһƣʵʿĻɢȥһ˲ѾɱǼڰì̴Ǹ·ļ˿ġ
ǺڰǿһںʶֹҶСҲǵһμ˻ʹáǵΪֹҲжϳǺڰĹһʲôƣȻǸոյͻǷ𹥻ǵȵѾն̻꾧ʿ˹ȥŷ𹥻ʿȥ֮󣬱˶˺ҶСȴֻʶվԭأΪľҪǺڰǷ˾ǺڰĳìҶСȴǺڰìĹ֮ȫ˵ġ
ڣȷԼ²⡣ǺڰɱʿȻûٹˣǺһһʬϷѹ
Щ̻꾧ҶСҪŪ֡ڰ̺֮ǿҶСҲŹȻȫǹƾҶСĸоȴӦÿġڴﵽ𵤺ں󣬾н𵤸ҪԵĽʵ̫סѹЩʿ꣬Ǭǰ츳֮ҲͣڽڣֱԪľ޷ٿԪӤڵǵšеҩˣٶȾ͸˵ˡڰܱ֮ƾǿǶʶҲȻʡȥҶСʮ๦ҶСĹ׾͸˵ˡңʿĽҶСҲҪջأ𵤺ʿĽ𵤣޵ľ֮ط֮󣬱ɻΪܹҶСֱյҲǶ֮Щ໥ҶС׵ָտɴˡ
ҶСķɽһ֮̽ڶڰǱ˲ջ˴룬ֻ¼棬⼸ջ֮ȫøӴ׳֣ӭҶСķɽʵҶСɽĿ겢ΧתƯĴ̻꾧Ȼô˼侰Ҳһ֪ʲôĹﱻҶСҲһĶЩƣǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ҶСķɽȴǻӣɱȴʶ֮еһİӰɽ༸Ȼδϰ񣬵ǵ㼶ʶĲٿҲѲһ㣬ҲʶҶС۳ӰɽȻ֪ǺȴҲܵеǿƺԼʶҲǿвʶΪҶСӰɽ֪ɱ˶֮꣬ǰѪ֮ɱ˴ʶմȾһ
δӰɽֻ׼ӭҶСǳ콣âµķɽųķɽδȴӰɽնһӴ˲䱻ҶСնһǣǴһϿҶСת׼õĴ죬ڼδ֮ʱ㽫Ǵˡ
ʱ֮ƺܵ˼вĴҲ˲ȥһ㣬ֻһǿֵҶСķɽͬʱʶ֮̽˼ֻ֧ʶпüĴǣֱӰɽ
֮Ҳ̽ʶΪֶεĴǣ༸˲ʿΪλͻȻɢ⡣ʶ֮еĹ֪ĶʶΪֶΣ˺ƷɽһӲӲĹǻǵһμҸǲǣǰ֪ĺڰӵǰԼһͬ˴ʿҲֶΣ벻ֹԼ֮£¾ǵסˣʶҲҪܵش˼ת֮ʣҶСҲʼ
֮ʶȻǿҶС֮ǰڿռƬ֮ħභҲδ˳ǼǣѾ밵ӰɽáȻʶҲЩҶСİӰɽȴѾ˼ΡǴ֮̽ʶ̲뿪̫ԶҶСֻҪɣȴصķ֮¡ȥΪĥӲҲԽǼǳն䣡


ھʮ й
λڵʲô༸˶ҶСս֮ʱͻȻȡ̻꾧
һҶСѣ˲ⲢֻҶСսԼһ˺ս¡ʱɽ޶Щ̻꾧ȥ
Э֮ǰǿסҶСɽĺڰǶʱֻ֧̻꾧ϵͬʱǺڰҲڱһ˿˿һıն䡣
֮ﵱ֣Ϊ۳ɵֺڰ֮ﲻܱʶնƣԱɽʵ֮ն䣬ûй˵֮ǸԪ֮һҶСδĶ
ڶȡ̻꾧֮ʱСıܿȥԱ⽫ơҶСӰɽʱҲǴ̽ʶ̻ٲ١˳ʶȥҶСӰɽͱø
ʶһһӰɽͻȻһǲ룬Ȼķ϶֮СҶСʶҲ̽ⲻڰӰɽһ磬ʶҲһͬ롣
ҶСʶһ룬һʶģһ޴Ŀռ䣬ǰһžӨʯʯķ϶Լһͷޱʯ֮С⾧Өʯıˣֻû뵽侹Ȼֶ߲֪ɣȻֱֱ죬һֱ쵽ߵĺڰ֮С
ͷ޴ʱڵأֻǰǵ֮ϡϸһȥ޾а˸ģͬĴͷÿһͷ­֮϶ǳĹлǣͷ­֮±ǳĲ֮⣬ҶСĻ쳣ִ˫ȣҲİӴϸϵۼҲͬһһ㡣ҶСʶǹޱ̧еһͷ­ҶСŭһƺѾǾƣߣһ֮ſȥ
ʶһ̽㿴ǰĹ޾ԪԪ񻯳״޵ΪѾﵽʿһľ磬ѾԶԶ˻ڣȻʿǰǲܽԪԼ״ֻһŨʶ̬ѡ
ǰ޵ĴģҶСİӰɽЩ֪ǺãƯǾӨ֮⡣һһͷ͹޳ҶС񹥻Ҳɵ䶷һ𡣿ھģ͵ʶ֮£صľһͷۿҪǿޡȻֻ֪Ҫ԰Ӱɽʯ϶ֱȡ޲±ɽ䳹ɱǰԪǿ󣬽±Ԥ뻹ҪöࡣǶԷһ׵ģҶС񷴶Щ²ˡΪλָ֮ʵ뷨ҶСԼҲ˵塣
ְɣͻˡȴҶСԺ֮𣬡Ǹոƻ̻꾧ϵʱѾΣˡ
˵꣬˵ǷΪЩ˵ǿ޴˵ǰͷһβؾˡֻû뵽غ޾ӡڴ˴ôȥԪ֮Ȼ塣ûǵĴţú̻꾧ӦþͿԳƳӡˡ
ħսѾǧ£֮õ׼Ҳ⵱ȴһ̱˴šһѣ˭뵽н񳯡޵лӡ֮úûѱɱ
ҶСϲԼ˱˰ڲҲϲֱ˿ţĸоɱ֮ˣɱΪޣΪĸҪúЩ
һӰɽҲ֮УҶС㲻ٳɡɽʯ϶ֱȡǰһʱǿԪֿ֪Ҳνֻ˰˿ͷ­ϵİ˫ۡȴҶС

漸ڴĳìԶȡ̻꾧ȴͻȻָոջǾʮĺᴥͻȻƾŵûӰЩոջƯΧ̻꾧Ҳžһ䵽֮ϡ
ٻطɽޣȴʱ֮ӿɹɺʣӿҶСġ֮ѾƯһ޴塣̺ŴڲʱһϸСɫһڱ
ҶСĵĺڻ󣬵ԵǺȴʵĸ졣ʼǺһźһ㣬ʱѾúʵ壬һž޴ĺɫʯһ㣬滹ˮһľӨĹͬʱ֮еĺɫȴԽԽȻȫŵֻһյʯӣڰա
ҶСӸղſʼڿЩȴɱԪ֮֮е֮侹Ȼ˲ͳʧȥϵۿҪֱ߽⣬Ϊеģ˵Сλ걻֮ܵõġ۵ЩڰҲ֪Ϊؼʲôԭ򣬾ȻԪһۿҪŵŵҶСҲͲܽתˡҶС㲻ò㾡ȫȽȫѼҲ۳ǿԲ򡣵ҶСյٶȣԲ̺ʵ̫࣬һʱᶼ޷ɡתȴû취ģҶСʱֻҪһɢȥⲿҲ֮ɢ
ʱҶС˵´ʱҪʱ̣ͷλԵƬˣ
༸˼ҶСˣҲ֪ʲôطЩڰʡһ£Ҳδ˵ߵҶСԣҶС˵ɲֻȵȵȵ˼Ϊͨ·֮󣬻ޱʯ֮󣬺ܿҪ˶þֻᳱˮһĹˡ
ˣҶСҲģֻһ˿ʶʱע仯ʶȫȫϵĺ򡣻Ϊ޵Ԫ񾭹֮õ˲֪̻꾧ŵ۳塣ҲҶС֮ǰʶΪ˳һСֿǿҶСʶȴǼٵһ˿ȫǿǿʶһҶС֪ʲôǿʶҶСǰ֪νգֻûôѣûʲô⡣һִδмأҵҶС֮ǰϰԸʼתһЩһƷʣ֪ķʽա
ת˲֮䣬ҶСѾεĳԣǲִδڱҶСҵ˽֮û뵽ⲿǿҶСȻҪԵܽգ֮һֻữһֻʶֻʶЩ΢һҶСҲδﲻһֻʶĸϲͬѣȴȷ޺УһСȻ塣ⲿȻΪ̻꾧Ч
еԪ֮ãһֱǲڱڼôõʱȥԪѾһδεı죬ŻʹǱ󻯳ɵҲ֮ôһָҶСһѶȡңʵʩչҲԭԭ֭ԭζǿӦǰЩ޸ĺ
죬ʶҶСȴԺܿٶŶҶСյٶҲԽԲڿʼòôʵʼС
ҶСƺҪɣҲһΪǰոյס˵ļͨ·ѾٶȱްǿЩӿˡڻһԿտ֮ûñ㱻ЩΧ
ǴӸ߿֮иӣԼһƬɵġ󡱵УʿһҶССıۣӲǺɺһǿһĴʱб뺣Ŀܡ
ҵЩƺָЩǣһЩСĺ˵ģٺηٳЩڻң˻ԺһЩ
ΣҶСٲҲҪסֻܺˡ


ھʮ ޻
ҶС֮ȭͷСĺδǼ˴ʱѾǿ֧ţ˭Ҳû뵽Σ֮ʣҶСȻһһʱ
ڼȫֵ֮ʣȴ֪ʱҶСļϾȻܳһֻ֩롣ʶһֻ֪̽ļµޣӦûʲôΣǾǲ֪֩Ǻʱ˼˷ܵҶСϡҪɱ֩ʱȴ֩һһ˲Ծȥǡǡӹҵһ˹ȥҪ֪սţȻܹܿʿЩ޵ĹҵһǡǡõĿ϶Ҳһ׵顣
˵֩ǱΪǺ޵İĿˡĿ뿪˷⼸˱Ҳȥעȴ룬һδأ;ڿ˳ǴͬʱɲǼһ³Žɫס˼ͷոմ׼ȥ˵ĺޡ弶ޣֻҪһסԽУܶҲ谭һʱ߼Ͳˡ
Ŀһأֻ׳ǿĴžͺشìֱӴ̴˼ͷĺޡֻһǰ㲻ϺɨǼΪ򵥵ĶȴƾǿӲںȺɱһѪ·ʱﶼ糱ĺޣĿҲƶٶȡʤ乥ʽȷǸĳɴ󿪴ϣͬһֻ⳵һ㣬ĺ޿ɱ⣡ҶСʱҪɱȴЩͽޣһͷ༸˹˲߼ޣ
ǣ֩˫㣬ɱķѪ·ްĿʶԿС
ĿȻڿռƬ֮оֳǿսȥֻļµޣʵȴԲֹġһζǽǻҲ֤һ㡣ǣ֮ǰǽǻʵȴδﵽ߼ʵðĿҪսڶʵǿ߼ޣĿܰסͲˣ
ʵĿҶС˳ЩʱҪҶСҲһʼ͸ܵɧʱǸոմ͹ҶСȴ뽫ԼʵȫչֳʱҲûеֵסĳ̶ȣǾһֱѹûڣոֳһͷ߼ޣ˶ֱڵֵͷ߼ޣһͷһȥ˭¶ԶԸʱĿһɧҶСˣ㽫˳
˼һͷͻȻЭɱޣۿֱ߼ȥĵ׶һǻûʱȥģֻҪܰס߼޾ͿˡǼ˶Ѿ˴ɱͽ޵ͬʱÿסͷ߼ѾǼˡģֻǰͷֵܹ֩ס߼ޣͬʱҪĸ߽׺ˡ
ҶСʱȴҲǺڣΪھȻǴﻢµľءΪǺʣµһУȻһ˿Ԫ֮мǧ꣬ҶСһʼЩ⣬Ȼ᲻ֿȻһ˿ʶҪͷͻȻҶСԪ˹ҶСҲֻնİӰɽһ˿ԪȴǺƸ˿һͣƾǲֺҲ޵һ˿ԪˡڣҶСȴһʱ޷ֻܲϵȥĥͬʱ䣬ԼԪҲھһвڣֹͣˣҲǲˡΨеȴһ˿ʶɱС
ĿԵ߼һͷ޴ĺ׳һĺޣ⺣һĿЩƣҲΪóʹ׳ǰ㣬ҲӲסǰȴȰĿĸΪ׳͡ÿÿƴɱ֮УĿҪһÿÿƴ£ĿǼӲļ׿֮Ͼͻᱻһҵ׿ӲֺȻѾ˶ദȴûм˺ˡڣԱǿ̫ĺޣҲֻƴԼˣҲҪ߼һǰ
ԽԽãǱĿס߼ƺҲʼںҲѾǸ߸ϵĴڣʲôʱһûɵļһôǱʱǰ˻ɵ̹⣬ͬʱǰҲӿ̹Ⲣʿ־ӨɫǺʲôۻ֮ɢ̡Ȼ̹󣬰Ŀÿÿһ˿ڣ׿ϵ˿ڴᱻ̹ٶȸʴȥһЩʱÿһƺ˾ҵʹʹƴɱ֮ʱʱءХ֮ѾҶСʱֹɸоǱŭ
߼ԽԽŭԽ֮£ĿϵҲʼһСǳһ˿ڴѪֻ߼޳ŰĿûӸոյһлȻֻǰ߾٣ʱֻǰ㻯աֱĿͷ­նȥĿ΢΢һֻǰաһ˫ԼΪǴæֵסǺ޹ȴǰĿǰļ˴ȻӲȴóɱ֮ǰЩ׳Կ̳ԵĲλһȻ£ֻǰ˴ҲȥȻûжϣȴҲӦǳԲˡ
ˣĿһȴһХ֮󣬲˷۶ϵǰ֫ҷһµǳ߼޵⣬һʱӦʱĿնˡ
ۿҶСϵĺԽԽСĿƺҲʱסͷ߼ޣ˱ͽ֮ʣȴּһӰɺʬѳɵСɽ֮ϣ
ʱ˹ȵףȻһͷ߼ޡֻһ֣ż׳㣬ֱ˹
δ⼸ȴѾǿ֧ŵİĿ³Ŵͷһ߼ȥ߼ޣȴԼŭһ߼ƺƢӱһЩĿһ˹צһֱĿȥǰĿһͷ߼ѾǼޣȥһͷԶ
ҶСʱȴҲĿһţʱȴļһ˿ԪȴδҶСļ֮ʣһ˿ԪŰӰɽһ֮ʴӰɽֱҶСԪȥ
ʱŮ޺˶ͻȻҶСϺƷɢһǿѹѹȴ˲Ųˡһ̣ͼҶСϻʣһĺƾɢȥ
ԭ˿ԪӰɽֱҶСԪ֮ʣȴһХһת㻯һֱ˿Ԫȥ˿Ԫٶȼ죬ٶȸ졣ոյҶСԪͼһţһڽҧסһ˿ԪζСһζ֮󣬱ƾɢȥһȥ˿ԪֻûΣȴ࣬Ȼղһ¿ż򵥣ʵȴĲС
ҶСһεЩ١һһ˿Ԫ֮ҶСҲ˲֮ȻʮʵһСź򣬱ɢȥǺʱ仯һɢȥ
̲ݻҶСҫҶС˲ɳ˵ķȻĿλáҶСɳһ£㽫̤һӡⲢ֮𣬶ȫ̫ͣӲȥģͬʱ䱳Ϸɽ䣬ƻһ쳤Юűֱ֮ǰ׳סĿսİצնȥ
ҶС񼸺ɽͬʱ
ҶСķɽʱѾûһɶ೤׿ľʹ󽣣ҶСȫһնʱ㽫ǰצŰĿһצնϣĿһǰܹõɣȻأȴ̧Ǹոջɵǰ㳯ǰצȥϧոأЩצʱֻӲƤնһӰɽʱҲ۳ͣͬŷɽնצ㡣
ΪԲʵ̫󣬶ҲǼתգҶСոȫδԷɽǡ˺ԽԽΣʱҶСԼȴҲΣҪ;ЭҲΪ˲ŵ˸ոǰ㾽Ⱦ


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ɽնɱŰצ㣬ҶСԼҲδšֻ˫һ󣬱ȼܵɫ档ںĵ
һȭӭҪٸĿһĴ׳աһǰ㡣
һһ޵ҳײȴûʲô춯صƻֻǴ׳һŭ𡣾ͼҶСһȭǿ͵ʤѰɽǰһºˡң˿֮⵭ϻڲӿڡ
һ֮߼ǰ֮ҶСδȭȭߣҶСȻڵһǰȥֱ𼶺޵ͷ­ȥ
姡
һȭ֮û̫ƣҶСһȭ߼޵ͷ­֮СһȭǴ׳ʮֻ͵۾姵һɫճ֭ҺӿȴҶСܵ档
䣡
ȴҶСȭͷδγǴ׳溣ͷ­ӴǿΪУӴ߼ޡ
ǣ༸˱㿴ľֻҶСһȭ֮ÿ䵽һ߼޴׳һ鱻ҶСըѳƬûͷȻһļ׿ǣؼסһ̣߼޾ֻʣİŨʺɫ֭ҺﶼǣһЩ׿ƬԼΪ̵աһǰʱҲƬϢ֮µȥֻƬɱ˼ͷͽޣˣҲҶСһжң
ʱĿ߼ްצȻսܹ࣬ƶΪѣһšһŵôĽɫǰצȥԭոձצסһȻҶСûļ׿ȴΪ˺ۣһ֮󣬾濪һĴִѷ졣һ׿ֻΪϣûȥĿԼŨѪòҡ޶ԻƵļӲ׿ǶǰһǰڵİֻѾ۳˼أڻƶѾǸ漣
ҶСһ˴׳棬һֳǰצȥһɵȻһ߿һҪȥĿĴǣͬʱһǡǡɽУ˫սҶСնһնǰצĴצ
ٶȷֱצϷ˫սֻҶСһŭ𣬱Ѿһɶ೤ķɽٶǴһ֣ͬʱЯҲøʵ񱩡ڿȥҶСǳ޽Χƺҫһ㵭ɫԣɫΧȴһ׹âʱû˻ȥ׷Щɫγɡֻøոջҫ߼ޱҶСһ룡
նİצƺϢȴҶС̤գٶȷɸһУŤצӵİצ㱻ҶС˰ա
󣬱һâ˸ǿҵҫռ䡣·һѪꡣǰצϢǿʱмѪҲǻˣ
֪ǷΪҶСһʼ̫һЩ䵽ĺ޶ãƺɵһ㡣ҶСɱͷ߼֮㽫Ŀ͵ϸ֮Уصˣ»ȥҪЩҽΰ취ǡʱΪҪҪϿǰЩޡ
֮䣬ҶС༸˽ʣµļͷ߼һһɱɾһڼΪ֮һֱǺ֣ȫʩΪնɱޡ
ʱվһСյ֮еҶСƺܵΧɢĿ־壬ƺں˵ʲôȻ壬ȴܵ־£Ҫ
ѵЩޣҶСаɻȴΪͻȻܹܵ޵뷨²⵽ѵΪԼеĹ޵ԭ򣿡
ǰһ룬ܡΪ˶ĺڴˣȻǱеĹٻǹܽٻˣһʹǺηĵֵҶСˡҶСͽʶ֮У˵׼Ҳδܡ֮ǰҶС˿ܲЩ޵ĸܵġǣܵʵ̫ģܿ죬ҶСЩ޵Ĺ֮з˼˼뷨ٶͶ뵽뺣޵ɱ֮С
ƺΪͷ߼޾ԱɱЩҲֲ֪ˣڿʼȥЩ޲ٹЩҲ׷ɱ˳õսҲɱˡΪҵĺ޹֮УҲ֮۹ġ
ܶຣޱӴ˶ĺޣͿѼΧΧ˸߸һǽһиŷΧ֮еĴ̱ȳζ׷׶˻⡣ȻȳζûʲôãȴҲ̱ǵĺܡҳһЩ⹦ʿʿǲϲۻ֮صġ
ʱ⼸˿ҶСѾ֮ǰǰ⣬˼־⡣
ոջ֮ʵڸмȴҶС񹧾˵ڷȡ˴֮ʱԸȡһ룬λĲ
һҶС˵æ˵˴ûҶѣѾߣﻹлȡ̻꾧ǻǰʱ˳СǡҶѿνȻôͷˡüĿһת˵ѾȻڴˣʵڿϧһ˷ȡ⺣޺̻꾧ˡ
˵̻꾧Ǵ˵ڶĺʬ壬л߼ޣݼֵΪ𵤺ڵʿˡο̻꾧лƶСļСžѾ˲ãڿвٿţлмȭͷСڶ̻꾧Ҳ֪֮Ѽҵô࣬ȴˣЩ̻꾧óȥԴһˡ
Ȼ֪Щ̻꾧еѼ˲֪£һֱһ̳ؾãȴոûö٣ͱҶС˸ơǲֻ֪Ҫ̻꾧־Ϳˡ
ʱûвҲڴ˴Ǹȡٺ뿪˵ء뿪֮ʱҶС񻹽ʿϡ

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ط˫ǵϡ
λ֪ʿʬδãҪ׼ȡ̻꾧֮ǰҶС񿪿ʵ˵׼ʿ˫ǻʲôϵ֮࣬ȴҲܵȡĽ𵤡
Ը°˫ҲûʲôѵġһƤҴص˫±ˡȴ˿ڴ
ǺǣôѵǬλδأҶСǺһЦżɽʵʿʱǲ壬̰ͼ̻꾧ҶСҲȥװ
˶ˣòǬҶ˵أĿһתһ䡣˵Ȼ˷ֵˡǰǽޣǬжҶѺϵĶ
λΪһ֮δлǬλƽ֣ˡѵã֪λΣ
ҶСһ˵˱㶼²Ҫǽ𵤣ʿĽ𵤡ԪӤȵȹǱϸֹģһֱаãǱɱǷӡһҶС˵˺Ͱ߳ʿͷӦҶСǶչֵʵֶζʶģĵҲڲ²ҶСĪǾʲôĽǶЩ˼ҶСսҲҵơԭϵôҪԶһЩˡ
˻ûõǬǺŮ޵˵ѹؼʱƲҵȣ̻꾧ֳᣬǱϾҶȴˣȴҲжԲסĶҾͲȡˡǬɶλзȡɡ
ѣһ䡣
ǺŮȴҡͷЦջѾСǾͷȡɡǺǣ̻꾧Ȼô󣬵ҿɻǺڴء


һһ 
Щ֮ǰ뿪֮ǰѾֹҶС⣬༸˶ΪǬƣƽ˽֮󣬱ֻȡ˼ͷĺΨҶСҲ֪Ǭж󣬾еϵĺ޶һװ˽ȥһ¶½ǧͷǵǬֻСҪűĶȻװ˼ͷҶСϿڶǬÿһĿռ䶼мʮ󣬴ʱǵóһװЩޣҲûװġ
棬ֵǵ̻꾧ˡ
һȡһСɫѷ룬˼ֵĶЩɢһӶԼҲӵеġǣȴóȻ˵η䡣ʵΪҶСȻֻн𵤳ΪչֳսкܶŹּδδֶΣЩ𵤺ʿĵ׼ɵڣѾٲȻĴͷ˵ˣη䣬ҲóȻڡʵԵʵǰҲʵ·ϼ˲֪ҶСʵδڻ޴ջǰڵȴ䡣аң·δҶСв֮١
ȻʱѾ˵˷ǾͰСˡ˲˵ҶС㿪˵˵ǺҵҵȲдջ񣬲ɺôͷʣµƽ֪֡λΣ
ȴǺŮ޿Цһ˵ʵҵҶ֮ǰǾѾ̶ãҴǲȡⱨġ˴Ҷ࣬ȻôͷҶɣƽ֪֡λΣ˵ȴŮ˵ҸոҲ˵ЩôҲǲġ
úŮ˵ҲͬǴʱֻǵҶСٶѡȷǲ֪ҶСʼͲίߣǵΪмǵʱĻ֮ŲԸᣬȡ㹻̻꾧ɡڼ˵Ҳƴǣȥˡ
һ̻꾧ָҶСһ룬ǶѰĻƶСвǧáȥȡʣµһ룬ÿҲǲ٣ԪӤǰǲٳΪʯˡ

ط֮·ͬʱһ㣬˳Ů޻г̽һʻǷȷ⣬㶼ȥˡһ˵̲̣ǳɰǧꡣ˵ȴֲΪЩųɶжɹʣµһҲΪ׼ܵʱ»ûж١Ϊһ㣬ҶСǰ˳ÿҪϰ⣬㶼Ĵ档ҶСǴϻۣһ͸ʱϰѧľͿ죬ԵҲǿǵĹ˸ͯꡣ
æ֮ʱҶСҲϸ֮СʱǰǰĿڻ³˿ԼѾ˿׵ĵز鶼Ƽ֮ȬǴ˴εأҶС񲻽ЩġʱĿηֵޣип˫ǰòмֲֿľ޴ޣвĬĬֲҵޣαƴأ
ҶС֮ǰΪ˽ʵзδʹõģӦԵֵԪӤʿķαͼףǼӦþͲðĿƴˡֻǵ˺ҶСҪҲֻۿŰĿǰƴɱȴΪ𣬲
˭Ҳ۸㣡ͻȻƺһҶС
ʲôҶС񾪲ΪƺһĶ˵
֮ʣȴȻоߴһһŮЩٵʵ𣿡
˭ҶСȷȻ˵ʵͬʱϸĴšһڣ㿴ĿΪϸ֮˵ģӦþûˡ
ˣôͻȻ˵ˣ濪ģǸ˵ʱȥƺǸ߰Сͯ
Ŀ㣿ҶС񲻸ŵ˰ĿĻһ˰Ŀ¶İֻ۾ͫһһ˼£ڸӦһ㡣
أĿ˵һСŮһ㣬Ϊ߰Сͯ޼Щϵɣֿ˵ˣҵֿɲǽаĿôԼֵģ
Ҳ֪ΪͻȻܹ㽻й޵ԭ򡣡ҶС͵ɻʵʲô֣ǴӺδɴδĿݣ˵ȻǸСŮЩ졣
ҽĿ˵ڲӦýĿˡ˵ҲǴģֻһ˼Ǹɭֵˣֱ㡣
˭ȡģҶСʵΪԼͻȻҶСһЩ
ֲ֣ʲô˭ȡġȴƺ޹˵ֽӿ˵һ˼֪ҽˣ˭ȡ
֮ǰûʲôϵˮУҶСӴҲ࣬ʶҲֻƾԼĸоΪĵġΪԼмʱԼ֪ˣԱҲΪҲӦġ˵ҶСҲ֪ԼҲ֪Լˡܹһм䣬֪Լ֣ȴд֤²ˮеޱô򵥡
ˡ㵱ʱôģҲߵģҲҶСһֱЩ벻ͨĵط
Ϊ֪и뿪ǸСȣϧʼ֪㡣ֱȡϵķɽʱҲ֪Ұװױһ
ǺǣҧһôҶСЦȴԼҲֻ֪Ժȥˡ˵ˣҶСȴͻȻʱ֮ʵô
ҧȻŵĿǾһأƤһЦֿڱԹҵ˺ذˣȶˡʲôôã
ƺҶСģ˵ֽ˵ֻҪڼ˯һͿԻָ㲻ҪˡУҪ׼ЩʯҺþûгԹˣҪ˯ˣͷٺ˵
Ȼһ䣬㲻˵ܿ㶼һɽ˿֯ɵĴ
˵ˣҶСŷھԼ㽫ԼոͻȻܹ˵˵ǡȴҲ²ʲôҲˡ
һͷ֮ǰĹһҶСֱ֮ƮҲΧתʱǴͷĥҶСҶСײУǺɰ׳һͷСһޣֱ˹ȥһҧסٷſֱǺһͬ׵ԶҲٲҶС񣬶ԹԵĳ
ǰ֮ǰᵽ̻꾧˹ôС⣬֪ʲôôҶС˴ϸĿһҪһҪѯʹ̻꾧顣
մæûܺ˵̻꾧Ϊй̻ãԶڹ˵ÿν󲻹ǳ⣬һʿҲǲСǾǡʦҶСʣϸϸĽ
ԭʦڲٿؿ֮ʱҲҪͨⷽʽԼʶڿ֮ϣΪƿõĲϲͬʶϵЧҲǲͬƿܵĲ϶ǼѵģȴΪϵʶǿڿܷӲԣ̻꾧ǿʦƿܵϼѲϡҲ࣬ÿһСžڶĿˡȻҲҪƵĿʦεȼˡȻǵͽױĿܣǸ߼Ŀܣǿʦִﵽ˷ڵĻ̻꾧̷񣬼ԽƳԼһʿǿ֮ʤǽǿƳԼķǿܾС


һ 
ҶСй֮ʶЩ΢ࡣûһС㼶Ѿǰļʮϰٱϸ΢ʡȥҶСʮޡҲǹҶСĿǰΪѣȴ̫仯ġҶСͻȻǸ⡣йƺӵܹͳ޵ֻǲ֪ԺҶСⷽǷͻơ
֮ҶСóǴʿڰĽ𵤣תͷʵ㿴öӦû⣬Խɣ
û⣡һͷ˵ǣԺұ㽫
ƺɢһЩѵǹԪҲкܴ𺦣ҶСͻȻƳβôʵʵ
ȴˬһЦ˵û£ձԸԭˡ˼ȻЩģȴûд󰭡㷢ʲô飬ҿɾٲˣ
̻꾧ȻֵߣҶСȴȫСֶѾмеĶ˵׼һõԼҲ򲻵ġңҶСʱɵĲرʱͼһ߿ܷʱͶܸȤ˵׼һȥôġԼƣлṺü߲㼶ĿҲá
ȻһķᣬҶСȴ˿˲ΪеĿҪϹŴʹͷ󣬿Ǻְżתһ飬ûϹŴ˿Ҫҵһż²֪Ҫʲôʱˡ

պ󣬼ڻص˫ǡ
һǣ˺ǰ߳ʿһһȥΨʣҶСŮޡ
ҶѣҲʹ˷ֱɣŮ޵˵ƺڴӹż֮ҲЩģȻϰߣûʱӦóƺҶСΪҶСѡġ˵꣬תҪȥ
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ѯһ£Ƿ֪żûйżֻҪйϹŴʹҲɡϢԸؽ򣡡ҶСڴ˵زʶʲôˣŮȻӴ࣬ȴҶСΪֹΪϤһ߽ʿң֪ϢƺҲ١
֪ҶǷ񷽱ΪһֱѰϹĴʹѵΪϰ֮ȴŮ˵֪Ѱԭ˵׼а취㡣
ʵҲûʲôұҲѣʵ档ҶСϷһϲԼʵҲʲôܣˣʵ˵Ҳûʲô㿪˵ʵ²Ⱥʿһδ֮УΪʧ⴫ˡһֱѰȥķɻȥٿҲҪʮϰꡣ˾õʱ䣬ʵڵȲ˵ģ
ԭˡŮ޳Ƭ̺ȴͻȻúתһ㡣ԴϷʵҶ˼ŻȥĪСڵŵѣ
ǺǣĪҪ˵Цµб뾡ȥԭģҶСЦһ£мε˵Ů˵ĵû뵽ʱľҶСЦ
ԸԷ飬ұһΣŮᶨ˵
Ȼʵ棬ƭк壿Ů޻лҶС׷һ䣺ֻǲ֪Ѵ˻Ǻ⣿
ɣ˴˵֮ء˵꣬Ůޱ㵱ȷ
˴Ǹ֮Χ˲٣治̸֮Ů޻е˼ƺ֪ЩӡҪ̸ػ֪֮ʲôϢ
룬ҶСȥ
һκżľ֮ҶСԭĵһֱŮ޵ľ֮Ĳ֪ʱˡڣһĿδȴ֪ΪûôĽġ

ֱҶСʱҲףԸ񣬲öŵġ˵Ե֣ͺһۼĪκһ㡣ȴãνңΪԼʱ̫ڻعɣԲŻһ漰˴ʹ֮£㲻ô࣬ǼٶҪһ¡ԼʱžǾһ̶ѨֻҪƴҲҪһģ
һꡣ
ƾᶨִҶСڲ֮£һԽԽԶ

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һŮޱһóҶС̲סƷ˺С㲻æĵ
ҶС³ç֮ˣҲŮҪ˵Щʲô
һѴССݵУҶСɣһſڱȫ˶ǡֻ泩Ҳ˳ࡣࡢ㡣
ò裡ȻҶСȴҲȳⲢǷƷ޵
ۡȴŮ۵һЦЩֵĿ˵ţȵĳǺò裬ԿླľȻǲмƷˡ
ҶС񲻶ȻûʲôԿླľˡʲôǿླҲδ˵ȻʱҲ֪պĺȵĲ裬һСѣҲҪֵʮнʯϣʱŮϵľҲֻѶѡ
ȴŮȴҲһյССѣһֻÿĺɴ㽫͵ߡɴһƿ¶Ƭ촽΢΢𣬱һ㣬ᴵһ¹̵Ĳˮˮ˼ǳǳơ
ν촽һһǱɫһʺ˵һ㡣ֺԹˮ飬ȴӳ͸˲ժӣҡ¶ɴ֮µⵤӣ˵Ȼˡ治֪ɴȫȡ£һģ
ֻϧͻˣҶСϵȻʵĵȴڼҪŮ˵ڴʹ֮£˼ֻ͡ҶС֪ԽҪϢԽҪס̸ġֲǵʲôſھֱֻġԾｹȴɵȻɡҶСݳȣҲıԣʮʿǰͲסӡ
һյССĲȴǱŮ޷βŽ꣬ȴֺڻζһ㡣ָҶСԼԵһյ˵ĪСȴҪκȵġòѵַҲнģҴҽ㣡
˵꣬ҶСӦŮޱζ˲裬Ů˲кȵһһ󲻽ǺȲʱһЩ򵥷ҶСһ飬һЩеش˵˵ǵʶһһϵ
ҶСԽĵҵ⣬ǱĲ綼͸ԺˡŮ޺ǹһ㣬ΧһССѣ㽲á
˺ҶСҲ⣬һܽϸҹΣֻҪܵõõϢ˵Ҳ˼һϾ佲в֮ϷʣȤ֮Ҳ̲סЦ
Ȼĳ̶ֳϽҶСʱǱŮ޽Щǵ˺ҶСȴ汻µĲ裬ƷƷǳζ쳾裬ΩеҲΡ裬ơиʣдࡣ
ڣŮͣ˻˲ѣʵҶСһ롣ҶС⣬ҲҲԸոѧرƶѣ΢ЦŮһΪԼݲĸл
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ҶСССڵƬƬҶϸСأȴԡҲ㣡
ӱ˱һСڣˮͨͷչֱ̦Ӵ̼ҶСζ٣ҲѧŮһȥ΢΢ϸϸƷǱ֮Ȼһ˿˿㲻ɢֻζ㣬ʱһϸϸƷپƺҲóʵһЩȴ֮оҲŴȴֻϸϸƷ֮ܽ伤ţһ㣬ȴֻ
ҶСȴɾÿлζһ£ƺֻǴʱȴϸ룬ΪڻиҪ顣
ڣŮ޻˲ѣĶٶȿڡҶС֪Ů޾Ҫ˵ԼһֱȵϢˡ
ҪѰع֮ȴЩϹŷˡ֪һֳɵĴʹáĺǣֻҪȥǷ󶼿㣡Ů޶һ٣һתֻǣǷȴǼΪգȥż֮лҪʧܣǵѣҺǺҲ֪ѿɻȤȥ


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뽲ҶСɵ˵
صѶȻ˵ɣ֮бһϹԶ봫ʹ󡣶ҾɣָҪعͨΪ֮ˡ
Ⱥϲ֮һڵ˫Ǳ֮һҶСȻ˵ԭɾУǲ֪ǲͬãʾŮ֣˵Ȼ󲻻ô򵥾͸õġҲء
ãŮҡҡͷҪǾܵģΪ޸ǼΪ֮£Ⱥϲ֪µԪӤʿֻҺ˶ѡ޸ҲǺķ˲֪پô׽ʹáãֻ͵͵Ǳ룬ǿʹһְ취
Ǳ룿һҪǱ룬ǿ˼ҵĴ󣬺ѡŮ˵а취
˻ҪԷ֮ͨΪҪ㹻ߡΪ֮㹻ͨʹ֮ﵽҪȥĿĵأͬʱ޸ķʹ֮һʹúʧЧ޷ʹõڶΣΪ㹻ߣΪʱܻҪֵסԪӤΪߵʿĹ٣ҲҪֵת
ѵҲҪһͬʹǴ󣿡Ů޵ƺҲҪͨǴȥģһ룬ŮȥżƺЩʧҶСһΪûҵԶ봫ʹ󡣶ʱҶС˵ҲҶСһֱѰԶ봫ʹⷽԭ
һλҲҪһͬ뿪ԭڿǿһԪӤʿ㹻ջЭǣܹԪӤʿݣĴʵ̫󣬿һҲ޷棻һַҶһǵĿǰΪֹȴҵ⺣֮лԶ봫Ĵڡ
Ϊܹ뿪˵أǰ֮ѵľѪҪԶԶҶС֪١Ů޶һºֽ˵ֱҶѡ֮ľͨԶ֮ϣôƽż֮еķضϹŷоԶԶֹڴˣʵɲ⣬һͬϣҪ赲ԪӤʿһӦò⡣ԣҶѱҵѡˡֻǣ˼ղϸ˵ӦҲף֪ǷҪȥԶ봫ʹ󣿡
ʵһŮδ˵һ·ʵڹ۲ҶСչʾǿʵ֮ʵʱЭǴ뿪ոյƷ裬һԡνƷƷƷһˣҪͨƷҶСԡԼӦǵȵȡֻܷ֮жԲ֮˲ܿ
ҶСֱֱͦϣ˵ȻҪң
ãŮһ䣬ʱҲβס˷ܡȴһЦһ䣺ôǾҪһߣҪһˣ
ҵ˻ع֮ȻգȴϣҶСдϲŮԴϷ֮ԣȴҲǺһЦ

ڣˣͨˣأɡ
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ֻһòѰһű׼ʿվɵɽŴֻ˲ĴһûģɽµһʿģԴֲмЦЦҲɵеɽҲ˴һСɽ֮Բֻʿפءڣһɵʿһöص
ûãǻȥʿ鼱Ҵҵĸ˻ǰòѰʿſ˵û뵽ѾȻ˵Ƽʧʧ
ѾȷˣͷѣȴòѰʿɫһϲϲɫһûĻģ
ȷȷˣɡ˵תҶСһɽϣһ߷ɣʿȴһ˵ѽʱԭϸʿǰǡ¶ڵϡ
ڣȴʿȻʿڣȥδ
ٺ٣˵ʱ򣬸ոȥ֮ʱǡúأ˵ƼܵԲʿ˵˵Ǽܺõһ㡣
òͨʿǱˣǻûòҶСòȫҲøӿһ֡ҪǣڵΪ⿴ȥȴֻڵģдЧһҪ鹦ǺŮ޸䷨һҪ鹦ΪˡΪֻòãҪڱθ߽ʿ̽ΪȴǺѵġĹͲһˣԪӤʿ޷ҶСڵʲôΪ
ȻΪǷڲ̫߰зȥȴһ޼ʣ˵֮ոҶСʱվڵϣΪܹܵõΧ̺֮ǿո֮ɽŵڣ壬ŨѾڵʱڵˡ˴Ũ治֪ǰһƵɽ֮жŨ

ҶСʿһĹ㳡֮ϣʿ˵ѾڴԵƬ̣Ժͻ¾Ͳˡ
ҶСлҲ֮ǡ㳡Ĵȴνĺ
ѰÿһʮſŹͽһΣǴʱͽ֮оáҶСŲòαװʿͨʿƼܹɡȻνƼҲŮ޸ģǺҶСǳǸԪӤʿ⣬һ֪ġ
ȴƬ̣ԶԶһտңңش˾νĺˣҶСʱðʧɢʶ̽飬ҲΪ̫Զģ
ת˲䣬˱ҶС档
񣿡ȴ˿ʵ
ǣĪǾǺҶСҲ̽Ϊڲʹʶ̽⣬Լǰ˵ģȴȷǰ˾νĺΪǰˣҶСʵǸʿҪʿҲҪеġǰˣòֻǸʮһͯģԼôʱֻڶѣǰôܲ;͵˽ڡ
һͷ׳Ժǰһ΢ɢϸüüбϣֱ޽ǡһ˫ȻҲտɫһˮװһĸоոյ˵ǸСͯд֮ȴõ
ǺȴǰտƱһ㲻ۣ˵ȻƼǲȴǲʡģʿΪϸ񣬲Ųʧ˵ӡ
ߵʮǰˣûƼҲƸ롣ȴͲֻڣ֪Ǿ»иƼȴҲҪԣǼΪϸĲԲſԡ
ǰ֮δ꣬˵ĻȴȫǴ֮ԣ￴óǸʮһꡣ֮⣬ҶС츳ʮֲһαװȴ޷ıġΪ츳һ类֣ᱻƸ¼ȡһΪص󣬼ܳΪɢ޵ġǺȻСȴҶСĵǸڵʿԵüΪ
˵֮䣬ҶСأֳ˼ֽɫĵȴδԿġǰȻܹ׽𵤣ڲԵǰʿĳ̶ȣҶСֻʿʵҲ˳ȥġڵȴֻΪ⵹ҶСһ㣬֪Ӧαװڵġ
ȻܱȵģһɣһȴֻǸСһɣʿҪҲ᲻ͬҶСڶʮ׽𵤶ȻΪһ㣬õʮŽ׽𵤣ȴֻ˵ǽһˡңҶСչֵĻֻΪѡ


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˵ǰǽʿҶСֵĲڣӦóһǰġȻԷСȴһֱʵΪȴҲҪʾҶСһΪոʿֱδǺǰԷ͵һ꣬ǰҲ˵ڡԷƺЩ֮Ҳģһڱʾ˶ҶСΪ̫͵Ĳ
֪βԣͺǰʼɣҶСʩһ񣬹˵˼ңҲȷ˶ԷݣȴҲҪһЩ
츳ɣϧΪֻڣҲûҪȥʵȻר֮ˣǽ򡣡ȴǰ˵ҶĲֻһһںϺϢ֮Сǵֵ룬ֻҪֵܼɣ
ҶСɽŵΪηЦˣԭΪĲԻһЩᰴһжƾԼϲɽʿĺЩʵ֮׼һ۱㿴һ˵ץһ㣬ֻҪﵽҪԡû˵Ҫı׼ͱȻἤ֮˵ȫʵҲͿԶие˽ˡ
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ҶСȻδԷǰ;͵˽ڣ츳ȻԶԶԼԼнΪԶǰҲǺ棬뿴жٱ¡ǶԷڲԼҶСҲ뿴Щʲô¡
ԹŶиʿ֮˵츳׿֮˶мְڿ츳Լ֮ˣ⻹⣬ĵ׶һǿʤ֮ӿҶСȻΪ˵Ȼȴվֻжʮͣǻķʮ꣬ΪмͬʿԶԶһء˼ͻȻһܲʤ֮ġ
ֻϵȫ˵ɫģ˲ȫҶСϴЩֻͽ֮֮߱ɫȴʵҶСֵǱ塣
ˣǺһ˫֮еӿֳһ˿ɫΪȻ˵˿ԵֵΪʿﵲסҲһ±ơҶСΪȴǼΪǡȻֻԼϲáΪҶСֱӷֵΪЩҲᱻųȵȡ
һҶСڣСһ㣬˳ҶСĴζЩСߺƶɺƳɣһ뾭֮УҶСܵһĸоܣмˬ
壬ҶСδȴпʼҶСҪǺȫԲȥɢҪȥǱ
һЩˮһ㣬ʼҶСڳûãͼЩ׷׾ۼһԽԽ࣬ͬʱʼһһɵ໥ںϡЩȻһ׳Ĵһ㣬ҶСڲ
ǺԼ壬ҶСû˿仯Լٿתϴ̼ҶСҶСȴģעԽҶСȴǺϾӡ
ʵĲֻҪһ˲ģΪ൱׼ѰʿֻҪһԼ㹻࣬˲䱻ϸֳȻֻǲԣҪ˶ԷԾ㸡ֳ˱ԷҲֻǻȫһӣǲ𺦵ġңĴ̼ԶɱʣʿǴкôġֻϧԵʵȴǸʿǼΪǿĺôһһûˡ
ڣڵҶСϳֱǣѾԶԶѰʿܳܵҶСȷûһ˿ܲסģģǿԼʱĳ̶ȣЩҶСڵſʼᣬһߣڲƣ̼
нɾͣ츳йأҲ̿йأҲˣŶԿ츳ȴ֮̿ʮֲ
Ϊ⣬ҶСȷǺ֪飬Ѱֻں˱ϢԴ֪ѾԶԶʿܳܵĳ̶ȡ
ҶСĿ֮ԽԽĲźɻֻԴм˫üԽԽ࣬ҲԽŴΧĵҲʼһ㱡˪һƬҶƮȴҲ˲һ˪Ȼ
ҶСڵĴԽԽǿԾĳҲԽԽǿģҶСܵߵӦѾﵽʿܳܵļʱŴżĿڵǰ¿޷ٳˣ
ܳܣп˵˵ܳܣȴǺɫһƺҶСһ㡣Ϊ˵һƬ˪ûУ˵ˡ
Ҫ֣ҪҶСʱ򲻶ԡѰʿƼһ±ɹءͲôţҲΪ֪ĲԱ׼Ҫ
ˣҶС֪鷳ΪڵѾǽ𵤳ʿܳܵĳ̶ȣ鷳ܲסûʲôӰ졣Ը۳ġҶСǿ˵ͬʿУǵ˸߼ԪӤʿӦҲǿ塣ȺԼڱܲˣҶСʮֻ͵ķʽȴ˿µġ
һ̼ʹֳǺ޹Ҫ̶ȡǰʿȴҲѾе˼ʿ̶ܳܵȡٶһֺҲǽʿʿǿм죬ȴٶҶСơ

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˽һٺһɽ塣ֻټɽ֮Ͻٺݼ䣬ɽЩ̨ͤ¥ȵװһûУ͸˵ԺˡҪԼȥҲһСˡҶСȴҲע⵽һ㣬ǾǽвļΧһƬƬ֣ɽ嵹ûмһꡣΪִ˸֣Ҳرעһ¡
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ȻʩȴΪ࣬κƶɽϵƳɡﲼü򵥵Щªһţܵһ˵ĸоǰȻ徲ȵҲ֪ΪڷΧԭ򣬻Ϊʲô
̧ͷֻǰ֮ϣһˡǶҲóмָߴ󣬴׶ɫĳۣݲʮ꣬ȴƫƫһͷѩ׷
һ̧ͷԵȻϲŭɫҶСȴ㾪ýг


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ҶСȴǿסûнг
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ôڴˣѵڷʲôʣһȷҶСݣмֲʵΪҶСڴ˵أȻʵƻȫͬˡ

֮ҶСڰһһ˵һ顣ȻЩطȷʡԵˣϸ״ȵȡȻһǱϾʱһԲȥһ˶᰷ϣԵҶС񻹲֪ȴҶСһα㽫¸ɾ
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ǡڣҶԨҲұ뾡ȥֻһ·ˡҶСᶨ˵ȻڣҶСĹƣҲʱһӦöҲûʲô飬ٲǡ
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ҶСһůĸܣѾδܹ±㻹ԭԭòһ̧ۣƺЩڴĺвܿɫ

ſڵȴʱþòʦٻɻʦ˵Щʲôô֮ãһԡȵЩļ˴ڴʦٻ
һţʱվ࣬һ֪ʦӦΪͽˡηһֱֻʦˣȻΪߣǱϾֻǸʮ꣬ľЩȴϲįʦĪм£һֱôһʦܣҲûô
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ģҶСȴҲĵ׺ЦվǸӣûܹʲô۵ģʵĿŻаģԼʮһʱΪѰʱա
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ҶСǺģġȻǰ̽رҲǹҶСǷˡҶСûע⣬˵طƵĴȴôһ䡣תһ룬ҶСȻѾţϢԼȥ˵ܿҲԴذޱʵ⴫֪ĳϵǰ׷˷
ԳһЦҶС㲻ٶ롣ԸΪˣֻҪ͵Զ봫ʹǡ
Ĵ̽һ˴²ֹʺֻҶСҲδҲ֪ô㣬һʹôΧ˴𺦣
ȷ˺ҶС㿪ʼΧŽֹԵ̽Ȼ̽Ҫǿﶮýֹ֮ڲҪֹֻҪ̽ƽֹ֮ɡ׼󣬱һƿֹ޸Ĵʹ󣬵ֵסѯǰʿˡҶСصͷǲֹ̽ƽ֮պֹࡣ

պ⴫ڵʿ֮ʡ
ҶС׹վڽƳڴֻýֹ֮һ¡¡㻯һڣԪӤʿ˳˳֣ſڵȺļʿ̸֮˼󣬱˽֮ڡ
⼸õʶҶСȻ޴֪˵Щʲôǿ⼸ɫ֪˲ݣҸǳ档Ҳ֪ƴʲô⡣
Ȼ󷨾ͨǸʱϹŽơѾǧȥ֮Ȼûеǰ裬ȴҲ߳˺Զ·м󷨻ı䶯ԸơȻǰ֮ʧ˲٣ȴҲ²༼һʱδҵʵƽ֮ΪҶСҪĲƽ⣬ҪܹϢĽҺʱʱ䣬ҶСҲմڽֹо
оƵͬʱҶСȴҲδԼ˵ƫƧƽʱ·ҲûҲǸ޵ĺõطȻϡһЩҶСȴ֮ǰʿ֮аĽΪԴȪٸԵҩٶȱϡ֪˶ٱ
һʱҶСԼƺͻơϴƷʱҪץסһ˿βͣΪʱһֱŮ漴Ҫ˵ĻϾ޷׷ſգҲʹʧһλᡣȻһκܱܿһηԾ
ǽڵʿĵ죬ҶСյذޱĴǰøո˵Ҫ˲ð磬ͻȻضǳҪ⡣ңݲδἰʲô飬ֻ˵һʱ͵ص㡣ⲻСȻҪ̸ġ

ʱ֣ҹ˾֮ʱͨʿҲС
ʱȴһ˽⣬ȫټУһƫƧ˵С䴦˳
ֻһԺĵͽʿ⿴һӰһգ۱ŲˡۣﻹʲôӰԼۻ
ӰҶСһָòΣֱһһСȥҶСǴǱһЩʿҪǱͲôˡһѾãȻԼķҶСû䣬֤Ļһ𾯱˷֡
ҶСһ·ȫǱУȻעС벻ʱȴҲࡣСҲǵһڸ߿֮пոС֮ϳٲȻһδĻСһ䵽˵ϣ㷢оһС¥󷨽С¥ڱΣڸ߿޷֡
ոߵС¥ſڣ֨һžԼˡҶСǵһѾ˵ˡ
һţȻһٴСһŮƾһִֻشϣƷ˿ᴹ£ʱ΢ڶһָֻոսһյ͵ߡҶСƷһڣתҶСߡ
ֻǰŮĲ˵̬֪ҪԵˡһᱡһˮ̴䣬ӵβ˴ഩװΣᴹ¡ŮһװεĴӱڶŮòһһĸ次ȹڵһǼӽһֱ쵽ˮ̴ӣʱŮŶȣһᵴšſȴƫƫǰѩһƬǰ߷ڵ֣Ƿذɰѩѩռǰ
ҶˣŮӵһЦ˵
ѣвȷ˵ȷŮӱպۼɴŮޡ
ǺǣɲǾ𣿡˵껰ŮƺҲԼƲׯվת˸¡
ŮӱֻվȴƫƫתȦʱԵøȻҶСȾһҲŴŮӶ棬ѣޱѻδô
ţΪȵȴ뷴һ˵صҵˡƬ̼Ҳ͵ˣҸݲ裿ŮƺԼƷ裬ϲݲ衣ÿÿҶСһƷ衣˵գ㻺ӣһŪŸʽߡ
ҶС֮ǰһֱ֪ݲҲҪ˶Ĳߣ롢ˡ񡢲Yᡢ豺ȵȣɾһΣȴּ˼δĲߣЩ濴ʹ֮ʱĿһƳŮǰѩȻ۵ףνһƬþ¡ҶСֵഺһлܲһǾرǿһʱ䲻ɵһ͡
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һҶСȻعɵһΡתͷһſվλŮļˡ
С¥ѩҹɫӡῪȴŮǣ


һ ʷ
ոƿŵŮӱذޱſڣһ㡣һϮɴ£ҹɫӳĵһ̱ƻãԵסٴ£һ˫۳γ飬üĿһֱ䣬ʹĪɱӡܽسˮˮŮһſڱ㲻ǺȻǿҶСոɫ䵱˺ɫСˡġ˿ȻǺŮˡ
ޱˣ˿һЦк
ذޱȴֻһ㰤˿ȥ
ذϵѣҶС񡣡μ棬ȴӡ󡣲ҶСδԺҪҲں˿ֻҪܻصʤݱˡ
ذޱѡذޱȻӲδʧҲ
Ǻǣԭ˿˿˿֣ŮǰһֱδԼ֣ҶСҲδʹ
ȴ˿һЦֵ˵һ룬Ϊ˿ȴպ
Ǹʵ˭ˣȻʱҪΣҲǿ⡣
˿Ҷѡ˵ţ˿صվа۵ʩһˣҶСʽʶ
ҶСҲѡҶСǺһЦҽ˶յĺѡ
νǺ˵Ŀ˿һЦ˵

˵һμ棬һ¿˵ЦʵȽݣǱʾԳԣ˵ĺʽ
Ů޲࣬ȴݽŮ۷νǻ֮ˡ֪ҶСд˵ȸ֣ʱ֣µС¥λˣἵʵƴ
ֻϧС¥֮ȴʲô¡̸һʮĻ⣬Ż룬˵ɫҲԽŨ
ԭǴ֮ʱΪҪתʯԶԶ˼ƻʯҲ޷ƶתġԴһĪչΪڲ֮ʱһһģҪµ󣬾Ҫȫķϵ״²á˵ĴȻҲǽܲ˵ġΨһİ취Ҫ취ŪĿŸ߽ʯ
ĿŸ߽ʯֻҪĿšҶСһ֮ʱǲ죬ڿռƬ߽֮ʯǼ˲٣ȻƬƴֹĿţʮţʮŶֹһ룬ԼȴһҲδʱһСŸ߽ʯƬҲƶռĴͷˡ֪ˣԼ¼ţǴʹҲδػ̫Ӱġ
ԴڻָжʯĴ㣬ǧǰ߽ʯĵλҲڵнʯ࣬ȷһŶˡ
ʱΪԾĵˡִʹȻ޸ĵֻҪĿŸ߽ʯټнʯƶʿҲͨˡ˼ĴڵҲҪϰٿŸ߽ʯƶģڿռƬ֮УôСһֻǴҶСˣҪ˲֪ٵĸ߽ʯǷнʯǻûõġ
̣ȴ޵ﲻͻҡʲôĻ֮У嶼ܹȥһ𽥵ȥıԼʹ֮ԽԽáóµģħ궼ҲһĹǴߴȥħд䵽Ķȴ֮١
ڵ֮ǰĴս֮˥ߣ𣬵Ǹ߽ʯ˶ȴֻΪʱҲ֮δγɶٸ߽ʯʿھҲ͸ˡҲһмȴΪĿŸ߽ʯԱ
˼ʱʱѾȥ١һʱҲ취˱ȥʱҲֻһһˡһ֮취ȻʿҪĶࡣ޷ԼＯĿŸ߽ʯֻҪȴԼ취ˡֻ뿪ʱҪٱһϡ
뿪·ϣҶС˼ȥŪǸ߽ʯ֮ʱҲ˼˿ǲΪҲһҪ뿪˵أһҪͨԶ봫ʹ͵һ㹻ңԶĵطﵽʲôҪӱܵģ

֮ԼңٿһμģȺɻᡣĲȺϲɣңʿĸ߽ɢҲӦʸʿ׶ԪӤϣλԪڵʿܹ˶ĸ߽ʿΪҪȺɻϹһ춯صϢ
Ϣʱ򷢲ȻǴʹйˡȴɵ汻ĿŸ߽ʯƼЩƴɵҲҵһšʱԣĿҲܴ룬ǵļƻȴΪһھҪУȻ๦Ҫ׷ѣֻٵʩƻ
˵ȼĴᣬҶСػصĵͽСȻûʸ񵽳ȴΪ⵽ĸ߽ʿҪȥ֮ڹĦҲлһЩԪӤ֣ʿķɡЩδ˴Ⱥ֮ҶСǿһϤӰ˿ʱһԪӤʿ߹ҶСʱȴδһ㣬ûκرʾҿʿеλλǽʿ˵λΪӦҲԪӤҡ
ҶСӺ˵ϢɾȻԼѾϹԶ봫ʹ޸Ϣ˳ȥȻϢûʲôر˵ģǽŵһϢȴЩԪӤǷڵʿ޸⴫ʹΪҵһϹʿСͿռ䡣ռ䲢ħսĿռƬһ࣬ϹӵͨʿϸСͿռ䡣Ȼǧȥƾй¶Ũ֪жȻ档ϹʿϸСͿռǷյģǧδɢʧҲпܵġܽ˴ʥأж뻹ʲô鱦ɲݵȱνɼұ֮ء⴫ʹĿֱָ꣬ǸСͿռ䡣
ѹľʱҲҪָ⴫ʹԭΪΪ壬ϹʿµĿռ䡣ǰռʿҲҪﵽоϾˡΪʿֽ絽Ƿ񻹴Ѿö֪ˡһǸʿĿռ֮ڣǹĹпܻĸı䡣Ψһķձǿռ֮йʱʿ㹻ǰЩҲҪðġ
ηռ䣬ܹ׼ȷ͵ռ֮ڱˣһˣһذޱ
˴֮֮ǧǰ㷢ǵϵȴԶԶӦԣ˱ʱŵϵ˥ֻҪһңֵᷢϵͻȻֿʼָԽԽ棬ֻǼʱᲹ⼸ĵһʮֲģ˥ҲŶԡԴ˵ʵҲ뵺ϵӡơֱǰڱҵԭԭصÿһкĳڷĴӿӵصͷŵ֮ϡէͷţʵȴȻһȻ鵽ԭݴһλϹŴ伸о໥ӡ֤ȷص׾ʹһСͿռĴţֻֻΪڴ򿪡γҪǵص׹µĿռļƻй¶άʿ֮ãռежŨ޷


һ Ĵ
Ҫ˵ذޱ㲻ò˵Ĵ塣ĴֱذϡԼĺļҡļҶϹңǵһذϺû䣬Ψ׳Ⱥвɵҽڲšĺȴʧˡ˵ʧû䣬ĺƺٳڹǰ
ذޱذϼһĴˣǰɡȴԼԸǱһСþסȨذϼġʱ츳δ¶һɣ˼ѵ֣ڵķḻҩȵĸΪͻͽ̶̼ʮѾ˽𵤺ڡǣ츳ˣҲ޷ıˡɻ˴ĴۻһСΪذϼҵĴѪڵصСͿռĹ޴ذϼҵ棬ذޱ׼ȷҵǴŵԿסԣȻذޱеλȻһΪ츳׿һݻһ塣ңһֱµĽֹֻҪһ뿪Ͻ˱֪ڣҿʱǽж
˭Ҳ벻ŮһˣıȻͨ׼ȷҵ֮û֪Ҳû˹ע˵һɸ߲ǰԿףǸ߶ѡ
ѹҪԶԶ˵أܹﶫʤôԶĵطʥԪӤΪĽҲȻ޷ӦԭòݱŮӣһֱԼ΢һɿ
ÿ˶Լ·ҪߣÿҲԼҪܵĿࡣҶСУ˿ȴҲб뿪ԵɡĹ»ûذޱۣȴҲ㹻ݡذϼұȴҲƣͬһʱû䡣˿ҵһˣŻذޱϵܡ˿ʱչֳ׿츳Դޣ԰ѾԴ˼֮еޣ˵ʲδ˿һ֮֡б㣬Ǽкûãһ䣬ԴеޡУŮɴڣҪѪഫͱҪ֤еʵλԣ֮£˿űһֻѪطת֮⹦ΪأʹֻҪ֮˲Ҫ̫ԴΪȴиƣֻŮʿԪƵ֮ǰֻܻʮꡣ˼򵥵ҲûʲôȴһƵԪǰȫԪһͬŵ͸佻֮ˣԼҪ´ڿʼһΣһתνתƵȻΡ䲻ͬڵڶΡʱȻƣԼΪֻǻᱻһ׶ѣȴֱӱ
ڣ˿Ҳͬذޱһ㣬׸һλԪӤʿ˼Ϊ죬ûеƵʮ꣬һֱδȡԪҪԪ֮һͻƵڡ
ŮӶ츳׿òǷȻ⣬ȴһı硣ҶСҲδ뵽˼֮ϣȻ˴ѹ
²ˣΨȫΪУˣҲҪסʺ

֮ҶСȴҲæµˣΪ˴λ̽һ֪ϢΪ˴ʯԴڴ͹жʿйЧɾԴǿУȴʹô͵ʿڴ͹бһʱѷ˺顣ɸ׼ǷһƵֻ࣬ҪڴǰͿĨȫܵԵдԽʱѷ˺Чá
֮ǰ˲δ̽鵽ȻҪֶҵɽĸ߽ʿǲ֪Ҫģˣṩ߽ʯɺһңԼһЩ߽ʿΪһʼɱǴƣƻвδҪɻʿμӣಢ޶¼ʿͱ뾡ԼŪࡣƽʱûʲôôҲûȥȴʱȻдЧ˶ȥѰˡҺõǣֶ˱ṩʯ֮ʱҲͬʱϢ
ȫΪʥ̥࣬ҶСǵ֪Ϣʱļ۸ѾۣǵʵҲѾˡʱ㣬ΨԼȥѰˣѰע͵߽ʿȵȷսϴķˡ
ʢĵطȺϲеһΪĵ֮ϡΪذޱһֱڽ뿪ɵϽΧԭǶֻҶСһ˿һͬǰǾڶǰһգͻȻõϢɾȻҲҪɳһʿǰȥѼʥ̥ࡣȻԼ㹻ˣǴʱļ۸ֱǣҲŹķƻᡣ
һذޱȡһǰȥʸ񣬾ҶСʦܺҲһͬȥҶСΪϺʦܣҲȻȻлһͬǰȥ

պ󣬱һʥ̥ı𵺡ҶСһﵺϱ㷢ָõ֮ϾȻгڿ֮ȴҲһɴ̱ǵζÿÿзҹζԽŨҡһű֪ζкæ
һֻˣذޱ˿ҶС񡣸մɳ֮ʱˣǺֳһһСӡϾʥ̥˵׼ڵɢжõĻһЩΪ˿˵ԪӤʿҲ֮£˿ҲͿ˳ĺʿһͬжˡǣ˿һӱ˸ʮرϣŮ˾СӣΨһȴǸֻڵĵͽʿǾƾŮ˼ϸʮĺӣȴжﶼǿĶˡ
һŵ̱ǵζ˿б˼öҩ裬˵мСҩ裬һһţ㲻̱ǵζˡ
˵գȵݸذޱһöֻǵͷûʲôرɫͽ˹ȥ󣬱ݸǺͷذޱҲѧǰޱ飬ֵĽ˹ȥ˿̲סЦЦȴһۡǸҶСʱҶСл
Ȼһֱ˵ϲذޱʵΪЩͬʿʿӺСԼȴ̲סѧǰģʱذޱлΪ˿㹻׽ѾҪסȴ֪㻹ѧǰᣬǻˣ¾ҪɡҺҲܺ棬ԼʦֵģôذޱǸһӣǰЩ˵оĽҲأΪǱģʵȴ֪˻ԼһӶΪԼʦֵԭ
ʦܡ
ǰͷͻȻҶСں溰ͷʵʦʲô飿˵꣬ǰӦԼʦֵġ
ûʲô£ߵмɡʱҿǴӦʦչġҶСĪĸܵһֹϢȻʶ̽⵽ʲôǵ𣬶ԡԽ࣬Խ׼ȷʲôԤжܻܿӦ顣˵ֲһ䣺ʦ˵ģҪҵģ
ıǱ˿ҶСֳĿ塣ȻҶСʵȻҪԼߣҶС񲻼һ䣬ǾԲߵмȥġһʦѹԼȻвȴҲֻáŶһߵ˶м䡣ҶСԼͷ
һ˶һĿģҶСҲز˽Ҳٲ˽


һһ ֮
˲ΪҶСżи֮ʣȴվࡣ˴ҲǱɹʧܡ޷ҵʥ̥࣬˵ģҲҪҶСڱ·ߣһԼȫѰҲֻп˭ùȴֱײˡ
󣬵ǴӸ߿ոȴܷ״ǼΪԲΣһȥ㷢ִ˵ֻɫɣһɫһǺɫɫǻ˲֪ıѩɫȴǹཹðݵĵػҽɫͺɫһֱ໥֯뵽ĴıСһˮǳˮҲѰۼо󡣴˵ǳˮ֮оȻˮл𣬻ˮ˵ˮݣˮ֮ȴ仰ˮڣˮ໥ƣ໥任𡢵ػ˻֮һֻ𡪡ˮ֮ˮҲһ¯ˮ֮ʿ˵ûκãȴ˵䲻ǿ󡣴֮Ҳǿ󣬻֮ǿΨһϧǣˮܽȡߣҲܽΪá˵ʥ̥Ǵ¯֮Ʈɢɢڵϸʥ̥εα֪ˡȻˣЩҲҶС֮ǰ˵ģʵΣȴûһ˵ۼ¯Լˮ֮
ڱвܷУʲô˶ֻܲСðĵĴۡΪһʮ֮ǲʹʲôĵʮҡĵĶ࣬չֵȴֻһɶѡͬʱʶҶСʶǿ󣬴ʱҲֻ̽⵽ķΧѡ𵺶һʮֹĵ죬Ǻ⵺Ҳ棬ҲǿԹʿյġ̫࣬ʲôҲָģֻǻָĻһЩѡ

Ȼ˵ϲˣɣɣɢҲˡʮһ˵Ѱʥ̥ࡣԼδãȴڹϺһѣüǮȻ˶࣬һ˵ϱԶɢѰԵġҶСΧѾн˼ʱҲδһʿ
ʦ֣
һʶҶСһĴûκһ㡣
ҶСص
׸ʦһֱֵ֮ࡣУΪΪ̫죬֮ͬ˲ǾңǱʼҡЩͬʿȴǸӡһֱûһֵѡ
Ī˵һͨҿ֮лԴˣҶСȴЩʱ˵ʲôʵȻأ
Ȼڳʦ⣬һʦ֡ҿҵʦ֣ҵֵܿĿǰδֵܼ棬һ㡣һʮĺ˵ĻδЩ졣
ҶСһȻû˵˼ȴ˵Ĳԣʦܣֵܵ˼ʵʦĲˣʦֱ˵ˣΪָġ
Ǻãֻһ⣬ңұҵֵˡıۿóѣ֮дм˷ܡ
ǺǣȽҶСʦ濴ϳɣĵȴϾֻǸʮĺӡ̡̡츳ǺĴΪ˾ȴֻʱ۵ġʦһֱ̿࣬ʮܵ𵤳ڣǰҶСǵһ˵ġҲӳƽжֶ̿࣬롣ҶСһʼ²ǰʲôû֮Ǻߵģʱ䶼һʮĺʱ侫ȥ
ʦ֣˵ˣٺ٣ԴҶСɺ󣬺Ӧʦ𽻰⣬ֶһĵ飬ҶСڸЩɶʲôҪæĲһʼ˵ĻѧϹģȴҲԼĽֵܼܹӦԵǰҶС񵱳ԼֳʦʦǻﻥֵദԴˡٺһЦʵʦ֣ͱǷʲôϵôճģǱǰʶǱǰûĸеĺɫ
ԭһȦΪ⡣ҶСԺжʱذޱǼƲʳ˼̻𣬿Щĵǡ治֪ذޱҪ֪˻ǵļƻǲǣģҶСҲشϸǲ㣬֪ʲôз飿
ȶˣǧģ֡Ͳ֪ʦĪСˡĶһ䣬ֻЦһ֪Բ㡭
ҶСû취ҲǲƬ̺˵˼ЩЩԻȫס⣬նϣҲСĽ
˵زʺ˵֮̽ҶСҲֻǼ˺䡣Ӵ˴ȥò˶þҪ׼͵Ǵʹ󣬲˵պ֪ܷԼСʦΪԼʦСʦܴ鷳Ҳ˵Լһ֮ˣСʦԺȴ֪ԺǷܵʲôͷʦ𻹴Ӧǵֵʿһοʿȴ˵ҶСˣ˵ŵġ
лʦ㡣ӦҶСʱͻȻȴҲֻʦ𣬾û˺ʱ˵أҶСͻȻ˵ҲԼʦֿ»Ÿܡ

֮˱һֱ޻˵ƺֻһĵ˱ѩ⣬ԽģΧִ̱ǵζҲԽԣҿпʼŨŨٻɫƮʼԼûʩչκιʼٵкѹʥ̥ϡ٣طȥɱ޻Ҫֲ
ݵõϢԽĵıӣʥ̥ļҲԽԾ˼ҲڲϳĴͦͬʱϸѰΧǷʥ̥ࡣ
ϧǣһֱãȴһʥ̥඼δ֡Ҫô̫Ҫô鱨󣬴ӽ䵽ϿʼǿһѰҹȴҲδһʥ̥ࡣһ̫֣һС飬ֻСôһ㣬Ҳ֤Χⶫ־͹ǵӲʥ̥ӰӶδΪ̫룬ĵٶȼΪ٣ѾҩǵֲĵٶȡͺǵĽϿ˸Сһ㡣
ѾãϢһ°ɡҶСͷЩϢĺͣ˽Ųһ˵ţһ׸ÿ˼öƵĵҩҩ϶дţҶСĵҩȴǵĲһͬһĵҩҶСȴƫƫȱ˸һƷףЧ㼸ɡһǾǧذޱҲȻˡ˶˵ҩ׼ҶС˵ָҵѰһ¡ԼСģƬ̾ͻء
ʣͼҶСµһ˾˲ʧԭأת˲Ѿ˰֮⡣˵˾޴󣬲Ҫ֧ţҶСȴڴôٶȣһ˲ĵذޱҲ̲סתͷ˿гɻ˵ʶˣ𵤺ڵΪЩסȴģ̫ۺ񣬾ɵҶСȻǲɵģֻн𵤳ڣжۺ
˿ȴҲҡҡͷҶСһδȣһδǰչֳӦеʵÿÿΪѾļˣǺֱܿơһδεľ죬ԽĿ͸ˡȻһڿˣȴŽӴԽԽ࣬ԼԽҶСǳˡ
ǣ˶תͷȥҲ죬һ״һǱͷתͷһ̵ģɫһ䣬һȻģһĻ˵λĪҪȣܵҺʦ֣㱾ȻеģΪ֣
࣬ɺȷǿ̣ΪڿЦװĸоʵ̫ˬˣذޱһɻģǵһμ


һһһ ħ
˵ŨѾﵽʮ㲻ĳ̶ȣ˿ذޱΪĿҲ׶ѣȴֻҶС񼸸ʧǵҰС
Ϊͣеֻн𵤳ڣһ·ѹȷʵġʱһϢ̿ʼҶСļöҩ
˿ĵҩҩֻ֮һǳǳĽƣ˵ⵤҩѾﵽ˸ƷҩĶ塣һöҩȴӦֻһ½׵ҩġ֪ҶСشͶӦòʲôʶ֡Ȼв̫ţȴﰵ²ţѵ֮»Ǹ֣أЦһЦĵԼ㲻ٶ룬ȫ
ذޱȻϺѾʼĵȴ̲ס˼ţ˶ȥ̽飬ˣȴСġⱾǶ˵ĻӦá½Ϊͣһ·ҲǴ룬էǸΪ֮ˡǡʵû취Ҫȥɱ˵ʥ̥࡯ȴҲ⵽Ǹʲôˣ

ĵ࣬ǿɱҶСĽ𵤿Ǳȱ˴˼ţռ𵤡࣬һô䴢ΪۺԱЩԲҶСȴû̫оҲ֪Ϊ̫ĵҩΪԭյҩٶȺҲȱ˿һЩ⵹֮ǰûע⵽ģֱ֮ǰѾöҩһѳҪָˣȴ˸ղŸǵöʣöǰû˶ԱȣҲûֱ֣ڲ֪Լһ˲ͬߣȻٶȼ죬ûһ˿˵δΪĵĶԲĵ⡣֮ǰû˵ۣٶѲ֪ߵǰԶ
ҶСһ߿нһʶĴѰͬʱʵǰǿֹĵطʥ̥Ƕû𣿡
֮󣬵治С̾һ˵ʿԺѾӽ©֮壬˵ؾȻܴʿڳ˴ǹ֡ǰûֵģӦǺγɵġҲδЧǿڴʱ֮ʱܹռѷʴôӦҲǲ֮˵׼дܡҵҲԶһЩ
Ҳδֵط˵ЩϹ鱦ƵЧŬʲôȻ˵ϢƺҲЩϤ뵱ʱ֮ܵЩơ
ʱҶСͻȻǰʿļʶһǰҲԭʱгͻҲδȥšһʱ䡣Ѿ˰ʱѾϢĲࡣȻδҵʥ̥ȴӦûȥˣҲ̫ǵġǱͷء
Ǳ߱ҶСֵļʵҲǸոͣ£׼ԭһ¡ģоͺܵһʶԼ̽ĴһȴδʲôĵӦǴŶԣ˴ӦûԪӤڵʿʿʶǲֲܷ˵ģҲδϡ
ʱҶСҪ·̽Ƿгʥ̥࣬ߵٶȻر졣ԭ·أٶȾ͸ˡת˲һһǼףûñˡ˾ȻУҶСǾȻҲûзֵģ
ˣδҶС㷢˲ԡǵΪĵͶУҲ˿˽ҲûӦġ߽һֻ˽üͷ壬ɫ԰ס鶼ʲôһ㣬Ǻʵͷжĺ鲻£ϲʱֳ׺ݡֲȵ顣
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ħ֣صʶ̽ʶ֮У
ҶС񲻳ɣȽʶ̽뵽˿ΪصĺʶСһ̽룬㷢ֺԪһǺҶСʶ̽룬Ȼûһž޴棬һ±дһƺǺ˲ͣȻǱһģȫһ㡣
ԭħģһ̽ϢħЩơȻʶ֮նɱʱӰɽֱͣħնȥħʲôǿ֮Ψһطǻ񣬵ΪҪɱ̫ѡֻðӰɽնââɢȥħҲ֮ɢħոɢۺϣҪںϳһ㡣ʩչʱЩɢĺȫҶСʶ֮а뿪ɵ֮Уûڡһͷס˺ħδ㱻ҶСҽɱա£ʶ֮˳
ħɫȻһչʱֻҪԼָƬ̣ˡ
ҶСȺֽ˿ذޱ˵ħȥûã˱㻺˫ۣһҶСԭǱħһ޷ȴͻȻѾɣԭȴҶСʩȡ
ޱлҶѽħֻ֮һ·δҶС̸һ仰ذޱȿлᣬȴ鲻֪񡣱ʩȣлǻмġֻǱַʽ䵭һЩѡ
˿Ҳлˣ˿ҶСذޱһЩôҲûǰס
ҲħˣȻȱȵģȴһģһֽӵʦֽȣ
Ҳôᱻħֻ֣ǻָѣʲôؼҪôħϮֵ˾Ȼͬʱħ֡ҶСΪԭǿһֱδħֹһЩȴҲ֪ġħʿؼһҪע֮Ϊ֮ʱипħ
˼Ƭ̣ȴҲΪóֻۡճǰѣȴ֪ʱ㱻ħ֣ڵĻþ֮СֱҶС֣Ŵӻþ˳
ذޱ˿Ϊǰжħֵ飬֪εƬԼҲƿþħġֻǻһЩԪˡΨ׵ĺ⵹˵ǲᡣǡǡ෴оҪΪᶨΪȻΪߣȷ٣Ҳ٣һʽħġҲǵһαħ֣ԲӦ֮þʱδʶԼǱħˡħΪǿܻûѾѰʱֵСħˡ
ֻܲ²ط̫죬Ż־͹õϢδᵽֻ˵޹ʺķʿڵѰҲûʿ˵أټʥ̥Ҳûʲô̫ãڼֲõĵҩ֮ΪϣҲûʲôˡͬʱĶҲƵһЩǵһֲԱԭ·ˡһ;ҪСģ֮ʱٶʯҲûֵǮûСɾʲôûˡ
˿ˣҶСȴԡ˽⵽Ϣ˲׼ȷҲΪϴ˵صѾǰǰˡﵱʮֹ죬ٶȥᷢЩ仯Ҳ˵׼ġҪ֣͹˽⵽Щ鱨֮ʱδʲôʱ鱨ˡ
ˣҶСȴҲڼǰУһǱĸ߽ʿԸ߼ȥ򣬵ûôʯͱԼȥҵʥ̥ࣻҶСڣƾոʩչʵҲƽġֻһͿҶСΪǲģһħ֣±ǾȲ˵ġǸǿȵħѾһʿܹˡҲһһˣҶСʵʵҲرĻᱻħ˿ӣб޻ѡ򲻵ѻǲҪðǸˡ


һһ ɱ˷
⣬ȻԽǰĵҲԽ죬˸ոȻħţȴҲָ˴룬һʱ֧֡˼֣ȴҲջġһ޴ʯ·϶зСָָ״СһСɫӨ壬ľӨ͸ָһ󣬱֮ΡӣӦþνʥ̥࣬δ뵽ⲻ۵Ķ
ǿţ˱ѾҲٶȻָٿϣǰؾͻָᷢˡˣʥ̥ҪͿĨȫɲһС㹻ˡ
ļҲ½˼Сʥ̥࣬ȴֻСʵ̫Сܺùޣ½ʥ̥࣬ڿѾֲȥѰңΪȥʿˡ
ҶСδʱ̣㻹ֻǱ뷨ȴܱ֤Ҳ㺬ȻһǸոַһԴһʥ̥࣬Χ΢΢ź䡢䡢䡭Խһ޴ӰŨ渡֣˼ǰ
һξ޴Ϭţһ޺Ŵ䱳֮ʿʶһ̽𵤺ڣڡ߲߲ڣȻûʲô⡣
Ϭţϵļһˣһ㶡ΪгǸòͨʿ˶Ǽб֮ˡǶɢޣʲôǣʲô˲Ѿˡ
εѣô죿һʿһɫĽ𵤺ʿʵ
ֻ΢˼һ£һ˿ݣ˵ԩ·խֻǵùˡ
ǣļ˿ɶǵİʿ¶ɫ
ʲôǲǽ𵤺ΪǺȻн𵤳ΪûʲôսǸֻҪøɾȥ˭֪ģϿɲʥ̥࣬طĵرʯ֮Ҳٲ˵ġ˺Ǵ˵е˿ֻҪɲԪӤɾָտɴˣ
ȷǰһ档ȴһʿЩ˵ɵһ˫аֵޱҲ˼伫ƷһȣҲֵ
ʿһҲЩ˫۲ʱ˿ذޱϲζǿļƺѾִУʹˡ
ɾڼ֮ʣȴδʶ֮ӰɽնֱӰɽۿҪնУһ𵤺ʿͻȻ˸պһ룬Ȼֹ
ȴҶСڼ˸տ֮ʱѾ֡⼸˸ոԶѱʶ̽ҲûҪϻȻ֮һ֪ᣬԼгˡȻԷУټҶСնʶʱԷ𵤺ʿͬʱˣɲǼʧȥ֪ʱ̣ǶҶСȴǹˡ
նһУת˲㳯˹ȥ׼ҲδʲôЧҪΪҶСһҪĿֻΪߵĽ𵤺ʿһ̤˳ȥһ㣬˲Ϭţ֮ϣһֳֽһ֮ɫȼա
ͻȻҶС֣Ϭţϵļ˾һһ²ǻסѾʧȥ֪ĶѣȴǸһ߼⣬һȥԷ⣬ٶȾȻûܵþӰһ㣬˲ɵ÷׷ʶɢǸոһ˿㿴ҶСӽǡǡһʿնأ߶ʱѪ۵һӿһɶߡͬʱͼסһʿĲӣֻø°һӱӦϣʿͷ­Ҳ˳
˻δ״ûԼǾȻǿֲ߼СͼɱѾԼǰ
ܵﻷӰ죬Ϊֻܷӳʮ֮һǽ𵤺ӭҶСҲԽɱġϾʵ塢λһĹܵѹƣսȴû˿Ӱ죬ҶС񷴶Ըơ⼸ΪܵӰ죬ٶҲֻԭʮ֮һѣ˸ովסţ㱻ҶС׷˸ǰոɱ𵤸߽ʿڱٶȻӽһ𵤸߽ʿȥʿƺҪһǾոͷʱȴͻȻһʱһƬհףԭʱӰɽеһѾʶȻֻǶݵĴԿհף㹻ҶСһţֱӹᴩʱȴҲָʶϧΪʱֻۼǱųâķɽӲһᣬɨȥʱʿؿڱ㱻ҶСһӡۼǻˡɱȴδֹֻͣӽͬʱץסʿ沿һŵһͬӿֻá姡һֻԽѡˣ˲㳹˸ɾ
Ϊвǰ⼸ˣҶС𵤺ʿͬʱѾһӰɽסһ˿ձâҲͶ˸ɾ
ͷΪ˱ɱʧȥ㷢Ƶ˿ȥ޶ԼûʲôãҲûȥ׹ȥˡ
֮䣬ҶСһ֮ɱʿʿֵĻᶼûС˿кãϾʶҶСֶΣܽܡذޱͺɴ۾
ΣذޱҲҪһ̾Լ˿ôҲֻҶСˡΪԼ츳ѣٶʿҶСͬʿرΪߵĴڣôǿսģֻԽ𵤳ΪǿҪнףǲ󡣽𵤳ڣôʵѾȫȫ߸ĳʶذޱĮԸԼԸĶҶСһȴôһĲֵ
ذޱ뷨ȴǲͬǾȣ̾ȴ˷ܣ̲סгʦ̫ˣҶСһʦҶСôǿս߼ȻҲʦ̵ĺáԼھѾǽ𵤳ڣҶСͿҲǽ𵤺ڣʱԼҪʿ޵ˣ˵׼ܸԪӤʿһ£Ѿ׵ԪӤҲ˵׼ΪֹȴԽԼʦˡ
ɱʬҶСѾǵһθɣҲԽǬȻ󲦳𵤣Ȼһѵ㽫ʬ˸ɾַ֮죬ǿһһ㶡ŽУҶС·ѾԼΪͻͽһǬȻ˼ʥ̥ࡣҿ⼸Ҳʥ̥ҶСҵ޼
ȡǼʥ̥ԼǬǬ۵һ𣬳˿ذޱʵλҪ
˻δתѣ˿кã˵˾䡰㡣ذޱȴֻҡҡͷһҲû˵ʲô
ҶСʵҲѣԭ˶ɱ˶ȻǹҶСԼ֧䡣ֻǬһף㶪˺˵ʦŰɣвʯӰ˵ķ֮ģӦùһˡҶСҲǿûʲôΪֹҲʹһɽѡ
лʦֺ֣ǺǵлӹǬϾ٣̲סǬ˸㣬ʱóһ档ԺҪʹЩһЩԣʲôЩ档һʽķҪŪˡ
ģٲȻһɻºһ㣬Ļ̵İĶסԺʦֳܣɶˡƽȱʲô˶ǰɽʯõҩģǲʯϿһֶʣµġԵĵҩд󲿷ֶ˸ġ
һСۡǼ˵ʥ̥࣬ܵĿҲһ֮áԻѰҡ


һһ ˮ֮
ҶСҲһ˲ã㷢ǰɫѱ䡣֮д̱ζԽŨңϿѾһŨƣڱߡʱˣȴûκλ谵Ϊǰĵ֮ఫСɽڲϳ̣̱ǵζ̵ζѾǱѩཻ֯Ǳ˳ҶСǰģһƬ֮أֻиȵĸߵسܹ㣬ҶСԶĵطȷֻһƬѩǡǰȻң֮ز࣬ΣգǱѩĺϮȴҪȫöˡ
֪䣬Ѿߵ˱ΧΪֹѼʥ̥Ѿ٣ڿʥֵ̥ļ˲١ֻԵģĵҲǴӡ
ǰı󣬼ͣ˽ŲڵֻҪٺķЩʱ䣬һЩȴҲǿ˷ݵʥ̥ࡣԱڿǵҪҪ󣬿ʥֵ̥ļʻߣ浽ûʲôΣգȴҲ˵ϾѾȫ֮ǰõ鱨ˡ
ҶСʶȫɢǲϱĴȥʶΪǿܸǰʶȴҲѹƵֻвʮﷶΧĲСҶСȴƾǿһֱû̫Ӱ졣ǱһҪȥ̽һģ
⸽ѰҶԽȥΧҲֻҪ⸽Ƭ̱ҵǵġҶСһ˵һ·ʱħһκ󣬱ûΣˡʱʿضѾȥǰôõӦҲֻһӶѣҲصʲôΣա
Ҳȥģһһ֮ز磬ڵǽȥȴЩסҪʲôΣգ㲻ûҶСۣ˵ʦСġ
֪ҶС񲢷Ǵ֮ˣҪȥ̣Ҳ˵ֻ˿ҲһҪСġ
ҶСҲףԸ˵ǲðյȥġȷǲͬΪ˵Ǳˮ֮𣬼Ȼˮ֮ôܲȥʶʶ¯һҪȥһģҶСиڱ˿뷨
һ뵽˱УȻĿʼֱҿ󲻴󣬲Ȼ»û¯ҪľˡƬ̣ҶСڵѾȥһɡ⻹ûʹһ˿¡ֻȫë׶ڲӿҵǿʱҲ⴩С
Ϊ˽ԼҶСһбȫУһֻԳһ㣬һһһͻʯ䵽һʯнҶС񵹻һ澰һƬ֮УȻƯһ޴׳ıȥ鿴һȴֲѰҸдڣ벻ͨ
ֱҲҶСûñѾ˱֮¯
ν¯ʵһ߳漸׵ĸ̨ϵһˮ̨һǾӨ͸ĺһȴǳƾҪȼĽʯ˵ǳˮĸ̨㹻ˣһǻ棬һǱ˪
Ҳ֪ʲôʹûблʹñǶĶȴڴ˹档
ٿǳˮȻ˵ЩơֻһˮвһӯӯĻƾһзУÿÿܳ棬㻹ἤˮ壬ںϣˮ໥֯ɢ䵽ˮС濴ȥˮͣɫˮȼмơֻĻ治ֻˮϣˮҲһȼա
ҶСʶӳˮ̽ȥȻδˮжôһСˮû뵽ôҶСʶ̽˶ʮġȻû̽⵽жȴһջǱ¯ڱ֮ϸʥ̥ࡣԽ£ԽĶࡣ˵Ǵ¯ɹȻǲ١
ˮ֮Ȼ뺷ȵԱ£ҶСȴˮ֮𡣻ҶСǵһˮ»ʥ̥࣬ȴǵһˮȥȡġ
һһ㵭ɫߺһһ㸲ҶСȫˮ֮ǿҲܹ𺦵ģҶСֻҪͷųһںĵ𣬱Ըˮ֮ˡҶСȽһָ̽ˮгһ£ȻЧˮ֮һ𣬱ÿ
ˣҶСһЦֱԾ˳ˮСȴŽһָûʲôһ˳ˮľұ仯һԾ룬ˮеˮ֮ǻٵıÿÿˮ֮ȴʼһŵĻۼһ𣬻ˮ֯ΧҶСƷšˮһڣིðŴˮݣˮһѱһСɫˮ棬ҲǸ澰ֻϧʱȴû˹͡
ҶСˮΪػûʲôرоֻǺΧˮѹҪϼ֣ˮȻں˻棬ȴΪǹﲻϳĶѾ̫࣬Ҳûʲôܲ˵ġһҶСűԵһժȡʥ̥࣬һ߲Ǳ
ûҶСѾɼ˲ʥ̥࣬˵˵ģʮ˵ķҲ㹻ˡ֪˼򵥣ﻹõǸһͷѰ˺Ҳûҵ٣ҶСһӾŪ˼顣ⶫ˵Ժ˵׼ҲãǶˡ
ҶС˺Ҳ֪ԼŪ˵㹻˷ݵģֻǰųˮڱĴʥ̥ȫժȡǬҲǶ˸߸ߵһѡʱĿ֮Ѿûһʥ̥ˡҲ֪ΪΣͻȻһȺڱ֮Ҳʥ̥֡ˮԽԽǳѾԵˣҶСȴͨʶüȻڣֻÿһػ涼̫΢Сˮںһѡ棬ԽˮϵҲԽΪܡ
ҶС뿴ˮĵײһʲôģǵѾǱ˼ʮΧѾһƬڡȴȻδˮĵʶ̽ʮûײҶСѾǱˣΪΧˮѹѾܵһѹȸСָоѾδܹΪܵѹȵģѹ֪
ҶСȴҲδϸǿʼһľٶҲ¯һԭ
ֻҶСָʼϻһ㻺ȥȻˮлˣˮ֮ʵĸΪǿҲǿҶСȥػ̺
һջһתĹȥԭҪˮ֮壡ĲҪԵ壬Ȼں˲ǿ̶Ȳ档ÿֻȴԼԡˮ֮ˮ٣޷ԲͬĻ壬˵׼Ч
ַӵҶСġ޵ģȴǱţѰ޷ʹãֻúʵķ伤䱬ʵճһҪüǿҪľϸǿȵĶȥ̼ʹһǿԭҲ򵥵ĵмơֻõķΪ£ʽΪҡõĿɲʲôѰ֮ҶСùĲǷɽˣԵ˼ҵķҲֻĹܽܣѰδﵽЧѾԼˡ


һһ ¯
˿ΧһȣһգҶСٳδЩԭΪҲȥһʱ̣ȴһȥôá֮ãȻѼһЩʥ̥࣬Ӧ㹻ãȴҲľ޴ҶСٲҲֻðϢˡ
еģǼȴδ˵һ仳ҶСĻֻڱΧһѰһߵȴҲѰңֻڵ״̬ǽȥΧǾˣ滹֪ʲô̶ȡҶС⣬ǽȥҲǰ״
ڼļ֮ʱԶһ콣ԽգۼѾǰü˿ȵҶС˭
һտ֮ҶСûԤǰƣܴ˹ȴɷһģŽ⣬նŨ콣һ䵽˼ǰ
ʦ֣ôųʵҶСٶȺ̬ûյӰģ̲סʵ㲻ˣ
Щ˵ɣҵ˲ʥ̥࣬㹻ҵġĲСͻطɡ·ǽҶС˵űּ˷ɽһһɶ೤һ׶Яˡ
󣬵ȴƬ̾ͿԷɳʱľҶСνһ˱󣬻ͲӰ죬ˡ
ҲûʲôģҶСԼľһһǡ
ǰĲ׸ﵥҶСʼˮ֮˵ҶС羭ˮ֮ǿҶСҲżǿĵ˽˻ΪҶС𹥻Ļ˺Ȼ磬ҶС𹥻ˮ֮ȴû̫𺦡ˮ֮𲻽˲ҶС巽ڣԴһ˿˿Ĵ塣
ˮ֮⿴ɫһںͱɫŨһͺ֭һ㣬ڼתһСģһ˿ˮ֮뵽˾֮УһҶСھһɫ֭ˮ֮𾹻ûɫһɫѾ仯ȫǻ̬ˮ֮ҶСʥ̥ࡣԭʥ̥ˮ֮۱ġֻһʥ̥ƵɫʾҪҶСˣҶСͻȻ˸뷨
ֻѸոռʥ̥óһ飬һע룬ȥճ֭״ʥ̥һڻҶС㲻ɣ̽ͿĨһӴƤ̼뵽֮Уһ֡ʱͣڱƤһӴҶСڵˮ֮𣬱ˮ֮ںһ𣬻ɫ֭״幦ʼҶСõˮ֮õľɫ֭״ʥ̥ࡣȻ֪ʲôãֻ⹦תһ죬ҶСܵһˬÿһ˿ҲͶ϶ʥ̥࿴ԴҲвСĺôǰδֿΪδ뵽ʥ̥ҪûҪˮ֮ˡ
ԭҶСֻˮ֮壬кáȴⷢʥ̥áԼˮ֮γʥ̥࣬°ҶСեҲֻСôһ㡣ҶСǬȴи߸һѵʥ̥Է㼯ˮ֮Ȼ޺ڱ㿪ʼϽԼѼĴʥ̥һͿĨ֮ϣȻˮ֮ڻ˵ʥ̥幦
ʥ̥Ҳ֣ڳʱΧҲˮ֮𣬵ȴûʲô仯һˮ֮һ뵽ڣ˱仯
¯֮ҶСڲԼʱţϸ֮еĴ̬ѾҶСõ˾󲿷ֱֻ֡ʣ˼Сʱֹͣʣµʥ̥ŻȥʱҪõģڿɲһꡣ
ҶСڵʥ̥ȫɣͣЪ֮ʱӵʱı仯ҶСΪҲǼʱ飬ǵʱ֪ԼѾһһҹ
һ뿪¯ҶС㷢ԼѾԵı仯ֱӵıѾԼˡΪܹԵĸܵһҪԼ룬ȥԼ֮ǰδ֮ܵлȴͻȻܹܵõܿƼ⡣ΪŲװġ⵹ʮ⣬˿ƺԼࡣ֪ˮ֮ĹЧʥ̥ЧҶСڵ̥һ㣬ԭͭɫļȻתð⻬ƳӤһ㡣ȴҲذޱŮӵͰѩһ۲ͬҶСļ⻬ȴʸУէһȥ㿴ó伫ΪͣӲȱ֮ǰһֻܹʲô̶Ⱦ޴֪ˡ֮ԭһ˿˿ļҲڻȴЩţǱֽ˸ϸСһ˿˿ϸ˿һ˿һ˶֮ʱĶҲ͸Ϊ׼ǰЩϸ˿һȾԭͬСһ鼡ǿ
¯еĴȻЩЧҶСȴδ̫עЧж󣬱Ͼһδ˳ѡֻҪЩ΢ĽѾ㹻ˡ
Ȼڷɽ֮ϣĶǴ·顣֮ǰѾ֪֮ģ˵˴֮Ҳûʲô˵ǺųƿԷٻһˮ֮һһҹ󣬶Щŵ
Ƭ̺󣬼˱Ѿ˱༸ҲͿзˡʱҶСĽ⣬ԼĶݹ⳯ɵķȥ
ҶСһγǰΪܹʶذޱ֣ȴǱɱǼǰ͵͵˽ԼҪ֡ҶС˽⵽ذޱһʦȴһֱδٻޡշҲǼŷнʦһ㶼ϲΪʡ

Ȼȥ𵺵ڶʿ鶼δõʥ̥࣬Ҳܲס˶ࡣЩûʥ̥󶼱㼯һСָ߽ʿҪǴƻʿҲѾԼһݡ
һ׼ɾ͵ȴʱһǵصϹŴСͿռڴ򿪣ҪذޱΪһڸ߽ʿʥһСͿռ䡣˴Ĵۣв˴˼ƻʿԪӤǷ񣬶ѾƲסмΪÿһ㶼ʮֲףҪʵĶѻҪ㹻ԵܽףԴ˴κܱܿһв˶лΪٶһµ̨ס
׼ˣҶСҲѾ׼ˡʿȴıƻһԪӤʿļƻҪģҪһʿƤǿǴʹ
ҪʱˣɶʼΪһεжɹôĽ֯һɣȻֻǸ߲ʿЩʿ˺ôȻٶȷչһʿҲŻôν˳ԸɵģҲܸźʣ
ԭֻҶСֻھĵͽʿפصĽַڶʿػǰһڣʮһڣʱнʿѲߣԷ⡣ϾϢ˳ȥ᲻ûʿǰҡѾãûнЩǲܵģ϶Ųһֱڰпӣһлɳ˱ƻɺķѰĴƻһ𣬶Ӱ첻Զ
ˣҶС˵жҲСڣǾڵȴ󼴽ǰһ̣ʱȴһϢذޱѾ㡣˹һزԶһ֮СͷѾȫ׼һ


һһ ֻǷ
ڵ׼Զ봫ʹǰһա
ɽǿĽڱǴʹ󡣶ڽ֮ʱۼʿЩʿɣһҵʿǡЩʿͶнΪǽڴˣɵҶСĹء
ԴɰϢԺΪμƻʵ̫Ӵ̫Ҫڵ˺в뵽˼ƻеɡҶɳڵĵʿǰػʱֻʣһʱ䣬ЩػʿҲһ˷ܡ
ʱԭӽصηҶСȴûӰΪʱڽ֮еĵصõ֮ûʲôرôֽѾʧˡΪҪķѴһǡڵ£Ȼʲô̫ˣѹȸҲʮ̵ġҶС֮ҪֻܹǱضѣֻǴǳѧһЩֲҪ̫ٶȣֻҪܹǱڵ֮±ɡҪȴһһҹֱڶ׼ת֮ʱŻ
֮ڶʿأڲػʿ࣡ԪӤʿǣ˿ҲȻ֮СȻҲػƣһڽ֮ڣʹ֮ԡ
ʱ֣ǽֹ֮ȴɵƻͨͬһ㡣
ֻýڴʿ˵ѣ˵ˣɵذޱ㣿
ǣµѾˡ᲻֪ǿϧǸʣ˵ʵĺͽ桭һʿЦһ˵ذޱʡΪͬʿǰ
ǺǣһΣ˭Ѫǵ¹ؿռйأı꣬ۿҪʵʩںһӡʿ˵꣬ȴҲ̲ס̾һ˵ϣذޱûѪҲᱻ֣ҲͲнɾֻ͡ϧ˳ɾͣȴɸı䲻ˡ
˸˵꣬һ¡¡ֱ죬֮󣬱һĸߴģʿʿûʱ䣬˭ҹ˴˴һ̧ͷǱˣˡ
ɷʲô쳣һƣĿһɨͬʱʵ
ˣſڴͬ˵һĻصˣһ˽ƣֻҲɲǷ˽ҲȻӲλѵĶĿ

һפش˴ԪӤʿҲ񣬱˵һٴҪСĽüͷ΢ȥ
һ߳ƣһ߰Լ̫ˡһҹһֱտܻʲô״һԼΪ˵ĸӦ˵׼ԤеӦ顣̲סóȻ֮в̽һΪʶԸأһƾ˲ʶ̽ƣҲһûзŹǵʿԣһֻҲδɵ֮С˲΢ЩˣһȥԪӤʿȥǽ֮һͬפء
СķΧڣ˶ԪӤڸ֣¾ҲΪ塣

ȴ˵ҶСһֱǱڵص֮£ϷǴʹıԵֻҪݿϸֻҪһɿ֮ڡ
ص׵һȺ󣬾ҲˮһѹѹˮлҪҶС֮о壬Ǹܵѹ֮޴󣬼ҪгڵλãѾ˵صһµļʮȣһȣҶСǱ֮ʱʶ˵صȼֱ仯ȴоǱʲôʣ֮Ϊ˶̽顣ԪӤʿõ֮֮ʶǿ󣬾Ƕڵص׼ʮ״ԪӤʿͼѷˡΪ˶ܷʿʶʹ֮ԪӤʿһʵķԾЩʿҲʶãǾ˹˼ӦԿ̽⵽ʮľ룬ҶСܵһֱǱ˵ȡʵ֤ʮǣȻովͻᱻ˷֡
ҶСôõĽƻȻֻоΧƣһں֪Ľ뵽˽֮У̽ʹΪ֮֮ǰһֱԪӤʿڲɣǰҹϵÿʮ컻һΰֻŵģֻ͵͵̽һټۼ⴫ʹذޱ˿ĿԼ˿ͼֽо⴫ʹ
˵˿Ҳмֽ֮ϵ츳ֻͬ˹Ħһ⴫ʹ󣬻ȥ֮ƾ佫Ĳͼ˳ϵһЩͼҲ廭ȻҪ½һȴ㹻ˡ
ҶСܹ뿴⴫ʹѾǲף˵֮ˡȴи⣬ĴĿ趨ǵصײ֪Ҫռ磬ֱһСͿռ䡣ҶСҪȥȴԶ˼޵ĶʤݣǻиҪҪ⴫ʹĴͷȻټִ֮˵ƣֱҪ֮ˡǸûлӴҪһҲҺҶСڻиֹ֮ʦ֮һʵķҶСһСͷһʱǴʹӣͷ󷨵ֽ֮ѾֻһЩĽƻǴмˣֽʿδо׹޵ʹ֮ﵽġԣҶСó취˳һв֪ҶСĴڣ󷨵֮ȻҶС壬ذޱ˿ҲΪҶСġѾϰҶСһδδ⣬Щƣ͡ˡ
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ܹǰҲЩˣʿ֮ǰϴͷܷסЩԪӤʿĹֻղ֪ˡ˴ҵǰѾŵǵֵʿһгעһҶСǵѹνС˾ųɡڿνǾһûˣǿ¾һˡһҲĸһЩ֮ҶС˺ͺĵģڹη壬˲֣ηҲӲ˸ϵο˻֣һպҲܵǣ֮ǰƺҶСĵģ˵Ѷϣö޾ɴ£̹ϣ׳ʿҲϧ
żѶϣҶСԸнһȱݡ˵˶ûʮȫʮƲɼãԼȡ֮ʱмһǰû˿ҶСϣģֻԼһЩҲҪԼ׽֮˴𺦡ǣʵ⣬ܶ飬һҪ֮֡ܰɡδԼȫˣԸġ
յ㣬ڵҲ㡣
Ȼ޻ͷ·ߣҶСֻԼʦܹӵʿǰȫ˵ˣ


һһ ǧһ
ɫ˴жʿʮˣѾ˽ֹ֮УʹΧгʿ⣬ԪӤʿҽǸеٮٮߡȻΪ˴μƻߣʮУһ϶ɵʿڶʿ⣬ڶв˴жɻҵĳ䵱ʿҲԪӤʿֻΪǴʹƣ˶ȥЩֻܵȴȥܹʲôмֵĶˡ
ڣʿʼڴʹ֮ϷʯͬʱԴļ顣ʱԽˣ˿վȺ֮У֮Ǻˮ˶ԪӤʿƽһԽԼɱ֮࣬᲻ŲŹ֡ҲҶС˵и߽ʿЩʿעһסʿҶСȴδ˵ǺˣΪҪ֮ǰĹ۲˽⣬ҶСڴ˵زˣһԸΪƴĸ߽ʿνۼΪʵش飬δЩ
ʱҶСڵصǱΪʶȫ˸֪ҵǰǱȻտҪ⴫ʹǸ⡣ΪΪ˷ֹ֮˳Щ߽ʿ֮͵ϮɲѾɵķһڽּ֮һơƻǳһʿΪǿҶСӵصǱҲᱻ䷢֡
Ϊ֪ΣҶСҲ룬һ˼ƽˮ˺һڵص׵ʯһ㡣״̬֮£ҶСȴѾﵽ۷״ֻ̬Ҫһܵж̽ʵ£
ĿŸ߽ʯҲúúȺпһͨһŮ޴ͨл˴ʹֻŮްʤѩںڳٴ£ޱȣ˪˲ұӡƸ߰Ůµ÷һ㣬ɢʾԪӤʿƺҲɢ塣
˲ذޱ˭˳󲻵綼Ѵò֪ԼˡΪǱ˽ƣ̧ϡȴ˵Ȼһ˰ĲǴͽƣ綼޹һ㡣
ذޱԭֳֵ˲Ȼûһֻ紵ذޱ죬еĿⶼעϡȻ˹עΪòʣΪĵ֤ϾҪʼС
һθ߽ʯúõһ˲Ǹʯʿո·ذޱĽҲǡǡ̤˷һ̨֮ϡȫһƬ֮ʱȻһ
ˣڳʿҲδ£ֻ֮ϰԲͬǵĽ֮ϣһľ޽ֱֱ˷ơһ뽣ʱ֮УһĺȻ֮Ǳ޽չ¶ĽӴǾ޽ӿбŵĿʿڵλá
һ̧ͷһδӴ޽Ǵ˽Ƶһ뽣ȻѾһһСȻСա
˵ʿԪӤʿҲδ̡ȫĿɿڴǾ޽ɢƾͽһʱľһ㡣ΨһӦģʿֻͻȻԭӵըһӴѹһͬɢʿ˲ŵһ˾Ѿڰ֮УԼԼķ˵ķӭ缱ǣƬҲûھ޽ĴСǾ޽һ
˶еսһ˲ȴм˲δյսһۡ
ҶСͻȻܵһϤϢ˵źšȫʶȫޣԼѧһξҪȫʩչӵԼٶȴƺ㣬ֱȥ
˿ҲͬʱʽֱǷȥ
ذޱҲɫ΢΢һ䣬㻽ޡֻһͷһߵѩʨӳǰʨһѩףԵʥһ֡
ʱϮѾЩӦڼɽٻޣѾʩչ׼ЭӦսذޱ˿˶Ҳδ˵ע⡣
ֻ˿Ҳ̤Ϸ֮ʱͻȻ֮ϴһ֮ͬĴȵסƣԷ˿ӣ˻ˣһʿһѾƴ˼УȻѾʶɢ󣬵ûз˭ڲٿǾ޽˼һת˵صжʱ׶ʩǵɽ֮ơʱȴϾ˼·Ϊһ޽ն˽֮˸տâĴͬȺһ˲㽫ǶΧס󣬱δüʩչκ֮ʱЩɽ˽󣬽С
Ȼʱ伫̣֮ѾĸغϡҲ֮ǸʽͲͬտ󽣽ڸΧסǲ쵽ʲôдΪ˵ʱϮ֮ʱͻȻ˵ľʾתͷǴʹ֮ʱǡǡһδӵص״
Щ˾ʾո֮ʱҶСȴѾһǡ˿ͬʱ̤˴ʹͬʱ䣬һɢķ⽫˻סҶСһתҲǰͼףͼһ֣ûһţ˷ڴ
ͬʱ֮䣬ذޱѾǬȡҶС񽻸Сͷ󣬽ڷ֮ضλáողúõһ˲ҶСѾ˫ְԶ봫ʹ֮ͬʱɿ׼ת
⼸˵ٶȻ죬ЩԪӤʿĶǸ졣ǵĽŽӴѾڳʿһ⼸ⷨȵȸֹʩչֱ֮ϵļˡ
ۡۡۡۡ
һķ֮˿ķ๥һȥһɢûر塣ռ˶ķܵסιѾǼޣȴѾǳһס˼ЩԪӤʿĹȻ˺ҲռЩʿ˼ɵԭΪǽº⴫ʹҲһƻ˴ʹǿǵġ
ڳԪӤʿʵ̫࣬һ˺Ҳ޷ֵ£ο˶ࡣԪӤʿ滹ֵĽʿڣǼȺϲеһ뾫֮ⷨϵ˶ԿҶСΨһƾǶ϶Щ˼ɵ˵󣬶ȫҲֻǰȫ˷Ƿڴȥܡ
ʵ̲ɲ֮䣬һҲĶʱڡ˿ķԺ˵Ĺȫ䵽ǰͼûĴ֮ϡǹʵ̫̫࣬ͣһͷͷα޼Ǹո¶ͷ㱻ƣҲһ˲ѾҪ֧ŲסҵͼײѰеֵסЩ
ҶС˫׼֮ʱǰͼҲҪֲסʱȴͻȻذޱͷ֮ǰڲŰɫһЭͻȻһ޺ȻǴ󣬴һ壬һ˵ǷµˣڷеҶС˿иһذޱ޷ԣҲԼްѷˡ
ʱذޱɲܱ˵˼ʱĿ⣬ƺҲܵλڽһ󣬶ϵҲڿȴδȥڷڴƵαͼףӭţһһʨһ޶ӰûӰҲһ㣬Ҳһ񱼳ȥӰӭϵģһԴʿҶС˷һɽ


һһ ع½
µ飬һЩʿϧ˷ҲҪ£ôǿɾǰҲġ
ذޱȻʵֽҲ֪ʩչʲôʹٶӰһײԪӤʿķɽ˲䱬ҫ⣬ûһδɢȥͼԪӤʿķɽɰԭ켣ն޵һͲֵסһԪӤڽ޵ķɽһȴӳٷɽЧһӳٵĶʱ䣬ҶСѾ˷ļ
ͼڻǳŵһ̣ǾⷨϾҪ˴ߵһ˲ǱԪӤʿķɽȴȻͻȻ٣ȻڲǼ˴СǷɽֱȡҶСʺ
˾£˭Ҳδ뵽ʱһɽܹһ̾Ȼǡǡ뷨֮С⴫һתԪӤʿıɽҲᱻǿʶɽǿƺȴڿƣֻչֱҶСնȥ
ѰʱҶС񻹿ɶܿⷨУܿɽҲзڲڷոת˭ȷɽԷʲô𺦷ܷУǴ͵Ҫȥĵط
ԣһҶСעܶܡ
ȫʵѾޣʱҲ׼ͼ˫ֱֳֽǴķɽȥ
䡱ɽҵĻ𻨣иűѵɫ⡣
ͬʱԶ봫ҫĿԽģڱ˵ʶ̽⣬סߡˣֻҶС˫սȫǷɽƴһĻڳûжֵܹסһϾһ𵤳ʿԪӤʿĲͺñϺʹ󻹲硣ǣǷסһڳ˶֪ˡȻĵĲ⴫ʹȻ˶߽ʿƤӵ±ߣǿҪƺڷʼһ̣֮ϴǿһ
ʿıŭɲġⷨѾУȴԱڽ֮УȴֻܿǴâԽҫۣǼ˴ͳȥ
ԭҪŭʩչ֮ϵķʿȴһ̼ܵΪѾսغϣ֪ǶԾ֮ںδһǲö֪ңڴȫͳȥҲֱ˹зɽһٶߡת˲ʧЩǰ
ǷʱʿսսǷڴһκѾױ٣޸ĿܼҲûˡ
ǺηëҪƤ˵ڽϿգڳ˶ҳ
վδʵ֡лҶСٶ

ڣҫ۵Ĺâڱذޱ˿֪˴жȻɹ룬˳ͳȥǵĴʱȴ˹ȵףΪҶСոΪ˲ԪӤʿķɽ˴ͷԷɽӲһ󣬱һǷɽķâȴùɽһ֣һסǱɽһ־ֱ׽סǷɽĽɽ֮ϵ񱩣˵ץץġԪӤʿķɽųƿɽҶСȴ˫֮ȥ׽ǽѾܿâҪܶҲ֪
ǿԪӤʿɽȴֻҶС⽣׽סһ񱩵ߣҶСһסǷɽûĽâһ£ھһ㡣ҶСǷɽֱ󷽱Ե󣬷ɽ˵ڲ̻
һҶС޿ˣסп񱩷ɽһȣӲǷɽԭзԭһתԲȦֹסǷɽͷϵҲĴΪɽû˵ϵʱͺһѰɽһ㣬ıҶС׽С
һǷɽ㱻䵽˵ϡ

ҶСڴϢţһ̣ҶСǸ㲻ÿ࣬ԵмݵΣذޱ˿ȴôߴһ̣֮ڱȫããһƬâ֣Ҳ˲հףҲٿԼκˡ
ڿʼ

˻
ǰâȥҶСһо˫֮ľʹ̲סһһܵʹ٣ֱۻиоƤⱻ˺ѵʹܵӦòءֻǿоʹҲͱӦŴԲԽ̡кܶʿΪӦǶʹʧս֮б˿ûη壬ȫʩΪʵȴǲȻνʹĲΪ㲢δ˵õҪǿ񣬲ӳǿʵϵκθоҪδʿöࡣ
ǰָӾҶС㿴Ե˿ذޱˡΪһεĴ֪ͣ룬һ˵Ů޲ʲô׽֮ˣĵȴϣƽ¡ۼ˵ĻȻжûµİ취ˡ
Ҷѣû°ɣȴ˿еʵͬʱ䣬ذޱҲߵҶСǰǼ̽ᣬѾԵøΪ˫۲΢΢ü
ԭҶС˫ϵѾȫ鲻ֱ֮ѾȫںɫѪǡ
Ӧû£͵ѷˡҶС΢΢һЦЦݺ˵һ䣬ĴţǷϤĵط
Ƕʤô˿ʵͬʱذޱҲ̲סĴšֻΧȺɽ󴨡׼½òǺȫ־¡ҲЩ档ʵֻҪ͵㹻Զ׷ٵɣһҪͻضʤݵֻҶСһ˶ѡ
Ҳ˵ҿ˵ɡԿ϶Ѿ½㲻ǣҲѾ붫ʤֽһҶСصʵ֮ǰɵҲδ뿪ɣݶûȥطԾ㴫ͻص˶ʤݣҲܿϲġ˵꣬ҶСֺͻȻʲôʵˣλûʲô״ɣ
ûʲôʵģ˿˵Ц⣬ֺǺһЦлҶСѹС
ذޱҲҡҡͷҶСȴóƺչֳһ˿΢ЦƶһĹ
ҶСͷһ㿪˵½ɣؾȺѾ㹻Զ֪λԺô㣿ҶС˼ײȻ˿ذޱѾﵽĿģҲ÷ֱˡ˵ĺҲǸһ䡣
ô֪δ㣿˿Цʵ
λѣﲻǶݣ¾ͼһػع֮·Ƕݣ±ҪȥһΪΣյ顣
Σյ飿˿΢΢ü֮գ
ǺǣȻûеġһȴûֻԼˡҶСЦһ̾һԹԵ֪ʦΡ
ʦѵʦ˿ȵչֵʵҲǷڡҶСʵʦֻҪʦԼʲôΣյġ
µʦ𡣲ҲطˡٶҲãҪжԼںδȻǳıһζʵλѻδشҵ⣬֪δģȻǲ˵ҲԲġ





һһ һ
ҺҶһ𡣡˿δڣذޱᶨòɵ˵
˿һҲһЦ˵ޱˣȻҲҶһ𡣴˴ܹɹ֮ڵֻգˡ
⡭ҶСԼ飬ΣգҲ˵ġڵʵɹҲǲСġ
ȴҶСƴǣذޱ˵ҶĪǿˣҵ˵ѵĺȣ
ذޱԸˡѾ飬ֵףɡҶСȴ֪Ը񣬱ֿڵ룬ֻҪһΪСȻûǿ󣬵ϾҲǧ֮áҲǾһ֮£ҵ֮ǰǺϵȻѾﵽĿ꣬λһͬðա
ҶСĻȴ˿ĵͻȻһأʵѵҶҵֻǺϵ
Ѽ潻ҶС˿ȻӴãȴ֮աذޱȻĮո֮Ҳ֪֮ˣֻԸֱˬټĮһЩѡ˿ΪˣܳΪĺѣôǸ֮ˡ־һ빲ҶСĵʵ罫˵˺ѡ˿˷ʣҲһʱԶԡ
ǹ֮˿˵Ҫ֮ʱѾһӦ¡ֻϧҶСԸ֮վδһѶϸδΪѣֻ໥õĹϵܻ֮ǰԼĵȴҲԼѣϣԼȥðաԲŻ˵Ȼڱ˿һʣȴֲ֪ν͡
ϡƬ̣ҶСһ˵߰ɣ˵գɽŽһͬȥ

÷һҶС·һСȡս䵽ȿڱڴˮ
ˮȣҶСоȣľɫûһ仯ԼֻΪʱˮȡڹȿǰԶһխͨԼɱʿ֮ء
һδ͵ľ޴ƫһҶСԼһδ;ȻԼͻ˶ʤݣһֱӴ͵˶ݾɲԶˮȣ־ϲٶȣӴ˵ػصɲʱò
ʶ˴˿ҶС飬ʵ
֮ڶʤݵĶݡҪȥĵط;˴ԶҶСصĻƽȴǼ֡ѾãʱٴλصƬءɣһˣ
˵գҶСٶȼ𽣹⣬ֱɷȥ˿ذޱҲǲԼͬļ˶ݹ⣬ȥ
գˮûһֱ仯ҶСȴѾǵҶС񣡵ΪһöƴҶСȴҪȥһ֮һɶԿ
â¶ڽգ

šһȥֽ֪꣬״ΡҶС⼸һֱ롣ڣΨаá
ҶСĬĬ֣иԳһּᶨ˴βΣҪȳֻɣϧ
ڣɵɽųǰҶСļҪţ޲ھһɵȺɽֱӷɵֻ֮ϧҪ̣УѾûһܺ濹⡣Ͷȴֻ

ҶСѹм䵽ɽŴһ䣬һڵʿսսĹ˵֪λǰҺûȥͨ
ҶС⼸յĵӡʵˣ㣬شǡ
ǣǡ˸ոսƽʿ˵ڼɫĲ֪ΪߵȥʿʱŵкһֻС¹ײ֪ʲô˵˵˵Ҫô˵
Ǻˣ
أǰǷ⳾ˡ
Ȼ⳾֮л⳾ʤˡҶСĵһЦ⳾ڣҲԳˣϪԺںδ
ǰѾ޵˵İʱոû죬Լǵرǰ֪𣿡
ʲôҶСֻػһѣΣ漴Ǳŭǣ䣬ʶ̿ɶСһ̽⣬̷⳾ǳڣǹȻɽС
ҶС½ⶸȻһ㳯λ÷ȥΪӦ⳾ڡ
δɵͼԶһȴһλδĽʿҶСĽͣʿҲʾ½ͬâ䣬ֱҶСǰȵ֪ѽͣΪ¡Īʲôʱ˵ѣ
ҶСһȴǲȵ
ҶС񻹲ϣȴŮΪԶԼӣЩ˼ɣѯʵĿŴ»СС»ˡһҶСĿʱǰפɵʹߣƽͷ⳾Ҳʲôʱ˸ֿ˵ߣôɣɷﲻ˵ѵΪǵҲ۸ô
ԭǵʿѹҶСδΣԺұȥ̤ƽǣ
ڳԣЦһҶСĻ̲סЦΪѾǶʮ֮סⲻΪɵĹ鸽ΪѾӵһԪӤʿȺиԪӤʿ㲻ʲôڶƫƧ֮أһԪӤʿѾ˲õ顣
δЦֻ꣬һΣʱֻһֻЩϸץԼͷȻָϸȴƽʯһ㣬·ϵľͻȻؿھʹ۾һ飬һԼؿڡôһ£ֻ͸ֵֻķ϶˸ոձԼЦʿǰŽץԼϡֻҶСݸֳһ˿ЦǾһҲδͱҶС͸¶
ӽһ㽫ʿĽ𵤺Ǭ뵽УⶪǬС
һԲϣ㽫ԷĨɱ
˿ذޱñһǰ˸ոջԼôúƴ磬ôͻȻ
ҶС񱾾Ͳʲô࣬ʱԴ޵̬ȺЩںˣӣúƴ硣ǶԴڼ֮ˣȴ飬ϻҲö˵һ䡣
ǰδѾзɳԭѾ֪нʿȴδ뵽˾ҶС
ת˲䣬˫Ѽ档⳾һĻһҶСδʿʶһ̽ȻҲнڡҶС뿪֮ʱû˵ôʿģû뵽һȻнʿˡʵǰΪ̫ͣӴĲ治ͬˡɵĽʿв٣οɻⶫʮеһСɡ
⳾ԶԶҶСȵںδ
ҶС񣿡ȻȥҶСȴƺû̫仯ֻƳһ֡⳾δ뵽ҶС񲻵δ˽𵤣¡ɵǣҶС񾹲֪𵤺ʿҿ˵ɫһҶСɫб֪ȻҶС޵ֱǴʱȴ΢춯ĵҪһϣֵʿգĿ࿴Сѽ׽ڣ
ĪҪװͿһΣںδҶСһߣ֮͸¶ŨŨɱ⡣
ʱ⳾ԵĽ𵤺ʿȴǳǺˣ𵤳ھΣ


һһ ѶϢ
ǺǣǵʿҶСЦһ˵
һһԵģĵǰʿƿʣǻɵֵӦǣ
˿еĻ˵꣬ͼҶС׳һֱȥ˱ΪʲôһʲôǾʬ塣ֻǣʬ·죿һǾʬڿУˣ˵϶ʱһƬࡣһͬɵļʿ֮һͷ­ѾʧֻƾʿźһжǵʿٿʬĵﴦҲȻʧ
㣬Ҷǵˣֻҧгݣһ˫۵ɵԲѾ۾ᶫʮ֮ףǰѾʽΪԼɡֻǵĵһıŽһļƻͳݣϲɣ
ڿǣҶСȴشֻʵ
һȻȻҶСԭҶСû
ǣҲûҽ컹ˡһΣǣھΣҶС¶ݣһֱ̧һν⣬৵һƯڿеʬըƬкݺݵٹҶһ³㣡
㵹Ǹӣ˹һЦ漴ֹסЦʽ˵ǣڹĿɰӣǴүء粻ǵˣ
˵⼤ҶСڴ˵ôõĻɵʿѾܵ⳾źŸ˹Ӹɽвһʿڽʿ󣬻жʿ档˸˼ҶСҲԼⷽԮԭ
ҡҶСü΢壬Ｗ֡
ʲôǵĽʿҶС˵ʲôȴͻȻеԾʹ漴һѣΡ
ҶС˵֮ʱնȻʩչӰɽɳ䲻ʿʶ˴ҶСȴ֣διȥֻһʹѣζѡͬʱȻʿǰ齣նʿұۡ
姡ʿұ۱Ѿ˳ȥҶСмѣʹԸܵõġ
ʱһԵ⳾ͷԣڵҶСʵͻȻǣȥһת֮ʣȴһͷ޴İʨһצȥʨӳֵͻȻȫ֪ʱ֣ʱȻһ±㱻ʨ˸ţ·ɽ⣬ֱȥ
⳾δ׹䣬ѻָзɽϧķɽδͼǰһòĵŮޣһЦЦ˲ȴƻżֻ⡣
Ȼ⳾ķɽδɻأͼһѪ˿зɳһ±㽫⳾˸ʵѪȥͺʲôֲ֦һ㣬ϻС̡⳾һֿ֮ʱͻԶһСȫݺݵĴ̵Ƥ֮С
˿Цӯӯһһˣһ⳾ͺѰһ㣬ҶСȥذޱн𵤺Ϊ⳾Ҳ𵤺ڶѡ֣ԸǴ´ࡣҶС˵İʹɵнʿһҲηˡ
ԶԶģѶɳʿԼ⳾˺һ㶯ã·һһ⻹ɲ˿־˾Ҫ˴ж˿һ㣬һһնȥһ첲ȻһȻСȣȡǱնʿδȥǿȴѾãֻǰ˽Լ֫һ϶նϣ
ڣҶС񳹵׵ķŭˣھҪʵ뿪ʱĳŵһҪŻȡЩ˵
ʿʱѾǰľŵ˵һɳȥ֫壬Ǳ˵ģԼġǣѾоʹˣеֻľԭ첲ڵλûʲôоֻģзĸоתͷһŶԭѪʺѪһԶֻǵεδĲʡǰô͵ʨӣڳʲôŶԭ˵ֱۡҵֱۣոշɳȥޣȻ˵ֱۡߵŮ޺ʿŵôͣʶģһж޹ˡһͷʱͷȻ߸߷ɳ
ŰɱҶСһչࡣʹǺޡۣΪһСʿ˵ΪʵȻˡǣʿҲΪ˴ۡ

ҶСĬһֱֻǸԼһҪҪȳڻʲôľȴǴδ²δңܣÿÿ˴ҶС͵Ҳס鴤ĵĵطһ̣ݺݵҪĴ̴
̧ͷΧڶʿۼĿһɨмʮʿʿǲмȴûϣ֪ˡл౾һߵʿڿѾ˳⳾ˡһŮǰһɫŮޣʦ𡪡ô
ʦҶС¶Цݣ˵ʲôûзһ㡣
ҶСû뵽Ȼû׵ڡˣʲô̸ҲδɡҶС𵤺ʿҲǿ־壬Ҳ֪Լ˴ζȻӲҲӱܣֱҶСóĿ˵ҲΪҶСһ㡣Ǿ䡰ɡ·ǿʲô
ʦҲܻҶСЦʵ
ԶԣҶСʣôܻ
һγǺ뵽ʲô취̻صԭԻϷˣصδûпܣ
ǱǱƻ飬޵ȥôҶСʵ飬΢΢ЩҲʵ֮ǰǼ˶ǲײĲᣬҶСǣȴǲ˵ʵβʲôֻ֪ҲΪ˸˾޴ĴۣǼ˹ײġ
֮ҲһʱͿΪһùޣȴȴ˸ҡ뿪ɲúֵĶһ糣ûʲô״Ϊð֮ʱϲ̵ĸѡһͷθʺʱϪԺеĺѺòÿڶӭ֮ʱһ糣Ͻ֮ǰ˵һ䡮Ҫ˽ӣԭΪѾڿϣԸ޸ȴǣһƿ˵񾹺ʮֱһ㣬̲סЩʣ˵һ˫ò֮ϲ֪ʱҲ顭
ΪҶСʺôҶСȴֻǾţûһ˿仯ҶСûȲҲֻԼһˮʵȴ뵽ǣһƿӣѾѾһ񡭡˱ϾѾǼ˹ȥ㣬ΪɵҲٽӻֻǴһֱⱣܣǸ߲ʿǲ֪صġ
ô£ôɱ񣿡
Ҳ֪ƺֻǽԼӡΪʶ̽ĻϢҲ취ȣȴûʲôκΰ취ܹǼңʱţΧļڲǰһڴɢĺѾһ޴ˡ


һ ﵱ
˵ĿʵҶС񵭵ʵ⻰ȷǶΧΧŵڶʿ˵Ȼ󣬵ȴֱ漴ΧЩ˻һܡ
˿ҶСֱǺٻ𵤺ʿŸſ񡣱ϾЩ˼ҶСɱǽʿ֮ʱʿѾʧȥ˻ǱʶΪ𵤺ʿסʿȻűҶСŰɱȴҲδҶСԼƬ̼ɱǽ𵤺ʿ
һЩĽֲ˳ֻȺоһվ˳˵ΣҲڳ㲻֪ôд³Ǳ˳ʦһģЩɣվȻߣС󣡡
Σ棬ǽնҪȥᣡҶСϷɽһ˦нâһ
ߣ𵤺ʿ˲񣡱㣬Һʤȴ㣬ΪȴЦ˵ҶСҲʶ³çһç򡣵ΪȴǲҲŽǰʮ塣
ҶС˱ͣȴƽ˵Ҳѿ֮죬ҵֶԺԻлʶڴ֮ǰһҪ
˵ҶСѾڻһȦеѾʼڿǷҪ룬һǧ꣬ѵǰʿǽ𵤺ڣνĥﲻʿʿ㼸ʮҲһ
ҶСڻΧһʿѾʼ׷׼˻⣬ΧʿҲԾɢ˿ȥ
Ǻǣ˷뵱յм񡭡ҶС棬ЦƻʲôȷһҲǱ˶ΧӴ˲һ֪
䣡
Ȼ䣬ҶСͻȻ٣µһȦͺʽɻͻȻ٣һ㡣ҶСκ磬һš׼֮ãΪľҪһ¡ͬʱ䣬ϵķɽҲûɶ೤һ޽Ǳպˮһ㣬ΧԶʿҲһ˴
ҶСĿ֮ǰ˵һѵĳϺƣȴ㡣⸱ҶС֮ʱԿ壬ᱻ仰ͺƹȥң֮ǲԭ֮¡Ϊ˴ﵽһеЧҶСն˳ʶһ˶ҶСһ˳񣬿ȴ˿ûһ㣬ֻǴȴҶСɱ
˲֮ʱͻȻ⳾ȵʶСʶ
ߣҶСһڲΪʱΪ⳾Ļոճ֮ʱҶСķɽѾ˳С
㡭ΪͻȻľʹ;ȣ˵һ֡δ䣬ҶС˵ʦ㻹ģ

ҶС齣ˡ۵ýгҶСֵҷģҲȡȴֱΪֹԣձȳ
˵ͼҶСƶѾûзĳһУͽһַֻͷһʶ˳뵽ʶ֮УֱԪ񴦣һʶһһ㣬ˢһ±˽ȥû˷ĳ±ȥ̱ȥҶСסͷ­ȥˤһ㽫װ޴У޴װ޿ԣװӦҲﲻֻùˡҶСһȴϾʮ̵֮ڴˣزϣʹҶСԲԪʱΡȴҪҪʹ࣡ʱҶСѧһкƣԵ֮ࡣ
ˣȺ֮һʿȻⱩǣۿҪģ
ҶСһתͷȴҲδȥ׷ֻδɳԶͼǰͻȻһͷ޴ʨӣʨҲûбĶදֻǴצһģžһ½Ļ˻˲ǱˣҲҶС񲻻ǵһˡǵմһʿ׷ɱҶԨĽʿ½ӣҶСһôһȻԼˡӿûҪʹŵĨͣʿߡȴ׼˽ɱ֮˵ľʨһצ˻һڰշΣͷһѣΡѣΪǾʨӵһצ֮ʵ̫ǿ󣬶ʶǺܿ죬ҶСʶѾδѣٶѣιȥ
ΪɱȡĴ̫࣬ҶСҲԽһΣȴֱһ׿½ӵС֮ϸֳϻ𣬺ݺݵĲ½ӵ֮Уһѱס𵤣Ӳק˳½Ȼδָ֪Ǿʹȴڴ̼壬ʶ幭һֻϺ׵ģҲϳ鴤š
뿪½ӵС֮ϻɺѪȴϻһʢһ֣ҶСϵۻճ˻ҽҶС֮УֻһöӲӵĽ𵤡
ʶҶСַڳ˶ֱð亹ɱ˵ģʿĶֱǺɱһҶСɱûʲô̫ݲе⼤䣬ûƻֺĽâ£еֱֻӵɱַʱĶ·ʩɽҲ㶪ҷޣʩ·ʿ˶ԷŻл˵Է塣ҶСȴȫͬҲǹ潣ĽӰ죬塢ͬ޵ԭһ־ͶǱɱ֮ɱɱȡһɫȻ
⳾ΪոպһѾ˿Ѫյùͷһ죬Ѫӡֱ˹ȥֱӵĳһһһڣҶСְĿתΧΧˣͣ˿ʼڼǸϡ
ҶСĿȴѾŵ˵ҿʿ³һŰɱڶһӸסӲյȥ̴˸֪صĸȴƸСһ㱻һͳ˽𵤡һһģʲôѰ֮ˣƽո߸ϲһĽʿ˿̣ȴȫ˼֮ڱɾ
˳ã֪ԼոճԣҲǶ㲻ҶСĻɱ־˵ĳѾǱǱɱĪ㻹ҪЩͬŶ֣
ԭǸ̰֮ҶСȴЦһ˵λǰͬо󲿷ֶ˵յ׷ɱɣտ֮ͬ飿ΪҡΪҶԨΪ˵һ֣Ǻǣص׷ɱҶԨ֮ʱҪȥɣ
ô˵ɲҶСھƾ֮ҪＸٺ˾ɱ˵һҶСؽܵ׷ɱ
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˿˵ذޱɫŻԼˣҪôƢҲǲԡȽԼĽƴҶС񣬶ҶС̽ڵĽ

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һֱСȻвʹ죬ҶСȴδ˵֮Ҳδֻʹʶȫۣ̽ذޱʶ֮Уʼ̽ڵĽ

Ƭ֮ҶСʶ㿪ʼ˳ذޱʶΪʿֽѾʿԽֹֻ֮ҪʶĶ̫ʿõĽ̽ҪƽȴҲǲѡҶСʱȴûƽ⣬Ϊ˿ͷʹѣо̽鶼ʮֲף˵ȥƽˡԪԺҪʹãʱΣڲſʼֺ֢
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ذޱҶСüͷ΢壬һʵôѵڵĽ޷
ҶСüͷΪԼʶˣ˿ͷʹ̣ΪĽԭ򡣱ͷʹ˵ѶˣڵĽ̽ףʮƽĽơԺգ㿴ɺã
ޱлˡذޱ˲Żһһѹ꣬ȥҲԷſǣΪٻٿһ֡ҶСüͷ壬ʶʵѵʣ
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ذޱҲʶԼЩҲ֪ȥػӦһ¡תߵ˿ԣı䣬ֳһСŮ̬ʱµϰߣ˿ʱ죬֪ΪԸ񼸺ȫ෴˵һȴֿʱ˿Ҫ֮ͬ˳࣬ȫܣذޱÿÿ֮ʱ᲻ȥ˿ʱȴҲǺʶһϰ߰ˡ
˿ذޱģ¶Ц˵ұޱлҶѣѺʮۣҲͲٴšҲͲɽԼѡ֮ˡ
ѱ㽫˴ԼңؿҶС΢΢һЦӦ˵ֽ֮࣬Ը£Ϳν
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֮󣬵ҶСټذޱ˿֮ʱ״ȴû˿תȻͷʹ˲٣ʶȴήһ֡ΪʶˣҶСҲֻлָʶڼָ֮ʱҶС̲סѯԼʶҪĵʲô̶ȣʱָܻõĴȴǲȷΪԼδùһΣȴȷЩĵʶֻҪʱ䣬㲻ҲԻָġ
ҶСˣаԼʶĿ½ӽһ룬һҪص㡭Լָ֪Ҫ¡ҶСɵҪԼµĽջأôͽʿˣʵôҲ̫ġƺµ뷨Ǹ˵ˣԪƲ±Ѿ޷ջأѱЩ½֮ɱʶҲǻزġҶСҲˡ
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֮ǰҶСѾ̽ɵĻɴڣ޸ȻԽŽЩ˿Խ֮˽Ҳǲ٣ҶС㽫޸ɴķ֪˿æڵʿ޸ҶС˵޸ɴ֮Ǹ֮ԣǸкԼ֪ԼЩʲô˵˺ԼҲ˵ʲô˼ֻǼ򵥵һֲ©ĸ˿ˡиɬֹ֮еȵҶСδţ˿ͷԽԽ𺳵ģʱʱ¶һ˿ɫ
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ȴ˿˼ģҶСĻתæո֮ԣʹԼԽֹ֮Ҳû뵽Сɽţ⻤ɴǲ򵥡޸ˣ˵ǹܹơ𺳵ҶѶԽֹ֮ľͨʶȴԳԶ⸨޽ֹ֮֮˲ˡ
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˿ĳ޵ҶСһգû뵽⻤ɴ޸˴ܡתֶذޱ˵ذϵѣɱ֮£ҪͷЭ֪ɷ񣿡
ذޱһĮģӦһǴӦ


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Ȼ֮أȴҲԼ˸鷳ǰҶСһ˳ԱȫҲֻҪסԼСɣﶼɰȴҪΪסɲġҲ⣬һɹΣԺԼǲģȫ⳾ԼֻǰǡΪڶԼָһӣȻҲ˷ĵġȻܹչǻָԭĳ̶ȣܸҶСĺôҲǼЩպҶСԻᵽȻα˭һǿҪأ֮еֶҪȥǸ֮λ
һ﹥µİȻǿ󣬵ȴҲһֲɺԵǬһó˰ɽǰЩ˵ʱȣҪΪЩɽȻϣԼҪϲ٣սӦһɡպٸǴµҩ֮ڣǾΪߵͣѡȡɽ
˿ذޱǼģ˶ķɽѷһҲϾȺдĽд˵Ⱦ̫Ѱɵ˺ʱ˶ķɽ͵ҲƷңʱ˫۷Ź⣬⳾ҲסջȥѡһԼķɽ
˶ϸƷ׵ķɽʱҲһ֡ҶСã⳾ʮʿҺذϵһǰȥ׼ɱһѺо޸ûɴ󣡡
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ɣҶСձذޱ˳׼ǰǰɱһˡ

̽ӵϢʱҲʿ˷ɣʿɣһĸоأǵʵȴ½֮ϣȷһƬĮ֮СνǻĮеޡȻʲôɽ󴨣ȴԾΪڻĮ֮УԷɣʿϵʿʵ붼ʮǿ
֮бϸɶǺƽϵȻһʮ̲ȻռȡȴаһЩǱڹ޷ֱӶ֣ȻͻȻһԪӤʿѾʮɼƽ⣬ԪӤʿ֣ҪһСʵ̫סƼɼΪ̶ǾһԪӤʿҲֻķչϻ࣬ȴǲ϶ɴ֡⣬Ϊ֮ǰֻɽϣҲǡøɵĻᡣȻɣҲǿ׼һ㣬Ż֡
Լ˴ңҶС׼ĵط·һСϿȣϿ֮б㣬ʺΡҶСóΧһЩʿϢ
˴úúҶСذޱϿзɳǰȥΪ֪ԷжˣҲóȻֽɱذޱãֻҪûԪӤʿӲѣЩʿɾͲֵˡǰҶСŲǵЩ˿ɶǺķҶСʶԼʶ˻ܱһ־һ֡ЩĹúԺܸҶСٷ㣬˵׼ҲԳΪҶСպצԣҶСڰǰڴ˴Լذޱǰǰнɱ
ַ˰ңҶС˴ڸεֱȥذޱû˿̽Ӧòᱻ֡
ʵҶСǶЩݺ̫֮裬ԲŻжʧ󡣵ɣҪ⳾һɵ˶ԿʱǵĻûԪӤʿԷɣʤܡȻֻǼʱ䣬ʮ֮ĹϵȻ˲ٱ仯ԪӤʿͳ춫飬ԷɣܱסԼĵ̱ǲﻹȥԼʯͷһһսδռɺ󣬱Ѿ뷨ҲΪԤ⵽һ㣬һβûɸʿ⳾ءԴһҶСڹϻ۵ĺܡ

һʮ壬ϡ֮ûһƬơһº̣Ϊһ㵭ɴ͸ּ֦Ҷķ϶¹ӳϥϡ
ҶСذޱҶСʶȻ˲С̽ķΧԱذޱԶࡣ
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ҶСȻۣ˵һۣԱߵذޱûбۣ˿һ˫۳
ذޱƺʲôҶСͻȻδҶСͻȻתѹּ£йŮذޱҲһΡһͷȥȥҶСҶСпЦһ£ʵڸ㲻ذޱˡ
ת˲߱˵⣬ҶСҲٶ룬׼ӭСһ⽣ԼаҶСԤ˲١Ϊ֮ǰ⳾֪Ҳаʿ
ѵɣδɳʿ
ҶСв²ǲʦڵĳɱˡʱֻҪ֮ԻɴĥԷսһɱؽԷȫҲûʲô̫ѵġ
ʱѾҶСҲ±ǡһѹСֻ࣬Ҫĥǵʵս˱ǡ

Ƭ̺һ˱ɵҶСεƬϿգϧȴֻ˸·δ뵽·˺ͻһǡ
ҶС񱾾ʹ͵ϮȻ͵Ϯʿжǲʵģʤ֮ģҶСȴǲںһƤ˻һ仰ҶСﲢá
ǶʿոշϿգҶС֮ǰٵİӰɽϢֱһȺΧʿնȥͬʱذޱһţ˱ͻȻⱬ䣬ֱһƬɱȥ
ɱУҶСķɽҲٻѡһʿзڱԵʿһնɱɫҹĻ£һʱҫĿ⣬ʱᱬһѪɽ˵֫ɽȥһҶСʱͬδɱս֮УһֱΧĥʿʵΪҪʹһս󻼣ڲûв룬ȫµԲŲȡĥս˵Ĳԡ
ذޱҲҶСһ㣬ҶСԵһĥŵ˵սΪԷͷΪߵҲֻнڶѣҲδֳַֻѩޣ˦⣬ɱһһʿ
»ҹҹȴû͡һνսսһӥǲһУƴҪٸԼֵܱȴ·֪ɱʲôһǽûһȴ޵ʲôȴҲսǿ󡣶һֱսߣһ㡣뵽˶ԷӣȴΪԷʱ䣬ǸɡˣȻ⳾һһδս˲СԪδָ±ҪȫɱǰˡһҲ׼ȻóȻȻɣδ֧һνֻԵָ˼ʿЭӥȴһԼչʾУܵ⳾ɱʱЩ֮ǰͶϹȥļʿȻٶȻع¡ˣɱҲɵӡ
ҶС񿴵Ǵ֮ӥס飬ֻڶѣδ׵ڡһ飬ҶС㲻յȶʱ黹һ󾢵Уǽȴ֮ˡ
ã׺ɣҪеڱԼūͣҪǧСĵȴԼɱʱľУȴѲֵһᣡ


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ӥҲױܿ㷢ҶСרΧʿ֣ǱСսţΪΧ΢һЩһЩʿڽʿ󣬸ͬʱܵʿı
ԶԶȥպƱһƬ󣬶֮ͷ͵Ļ裬ڲϹȺȺؽܣһʱҲ֡ңȺͬẓ̇һͻһ¡
ҶСһնԽͷԽʹƺ֢ʵǿ󡭡ʱҲȫԸɴҲɢӰɽʶȫɷɽ֮ɱЩʿ
ҶСذޱĿ֮£һͻȻͷƴɱһôΪ߻͵ʿȥһ֣ȥĴȺΪ˾õĴ̼ͷŭѣһȥľͻȻ׷ȥúò׿Ҫ׷ϣֱ˻ͷһɱ¾
֪䣬ѾӰҹɱڶǰ֮³һѪʱһСϿϷһɹҶС񴫳źš
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⳾˳ֵͬʱҶСҲȻ佫Ϊ֮ǰѹƵȫſͻȻ۷ɱ˸ǹɽâʢâɡɽ˲ûһȺ֮вնɱзܣ⣬ͬʱȼһ㵭ɫܻ档ʱӥŷ֣ʿɽͣͬǿۼһȭһ𵤳ʿĻ⣬һȭƵնɽȭʿԴųսǿĽޣȴֲ˵ȭӣҽȭڴͬʱķɽҲδţսȦ֮˷ɽƴͬ˿ơ
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ȻУҺʱ˵ûУ˼Ժл˵㻹ȽǰĹ
ոͣЪǡӥĹһȭҶСҶСֻһ谵ȴȭͷ̫󣬺СɽһӭͷҶСȴǲܣ˫һɫŨһ֣СΧҶСֱ۲ҴܣֺǼڱ֣Щ಻ס
ӥľȭ£ҶСұ΢ȭȻֱӮСɽһĴȭͷ
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ǹޱҵ·ȥƺȻδʲôһ㣬˳Ź·ȥ֮ʱβһ˦βͼĵֱҶСȥǵŵмֲûκҫȴһɺԣһֲĸо
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һ£ӥľ޴޲ǳԲס۽һҶСȴδͣЪǴδһץסû˵βͣȻе̣ǿѰɽ¶˲⵹̡øԸ֮ǵֱ֮ҶС׽ž޴޵βǴõʵ̫ǴתٶԽԽ죬ȻͻȻ֣ǡǡǹص˦˳ȥ
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ȻƲɵҲ֪ӥľ޴Ƥж񣬶ôͣҶСķɽ֮ȴûһֿǿ쵶жһ㡣һҶСɽûľ޴Ѵ붼ǹ޵ͷ­֮УδͣЪһֱȥֱ޶ӵײ
һΣӥľ޴жҲǻˡ
޿ǿֲʵȴֻǿһ㣬Ϊ̫ݶȴ½Ȼ˾޴ޣСȴûҶСǿһٶû˼ҿ죬ǸϲϣȴǱɲһӡǴն
ҶСˣԭӥĶ龡ңŴ˴ǾԻˡʱҲûʣ¶ˣʿҲֻ׺ѣֻмʮʿҶСذޱҪһЩʿھֻʣôʿˡذޱ޿ר֣ҧЩģȥѿеġѿȴֻԵĶѣвĵˣ޴ʨӿӵƥ߼ʵޣ
һԼ类ɱֶλв̣·һֱҶСɱȥոɱ·㱻ʿأ⳾һʿһͬɱ
ҲѹΪոҶСķɽδγ˳»ȥӥľ޴˿⵹̬ҪѪȻ棬̼һֻȡӥĽ𵤶ѣȴʧˣΪǾ޴Ѿû˽𵤡
ҶС˾޴ֱ֮˷ɽΪ֮ϽеļʿѾҪٶ֡һʿɱ֮һֻʣʿУȻС˴ʱѾȫƷ
ҶСµģ˴ʱȻιȥˣҶСֹࡣȻʶأ˶ȴôСҲֻƴͷʹһҲҪǲ½ơ
ǰ˻ãûʲôоǵ飬ҶСĵȴһ˿ʵԭӡ󲢲ʮֻϻڶǣûĻ˵׼ҲΪһѡ˲ĳ֮ҶСʶ֮вԪơŪˣɼȻֹϵȴûпѡΣҲֻԺЩᣬΪǡ

һ˱תѡѹʱЩ־ģƬ̺Ρ֮ǰҶСһֱǻûһģڲֳԭģڲ˽֮ҶС뱻½֮һ˿ӦһȻȻĻĵײҶСʶͨϵĸӦҶСǺò޹ϵ
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һʱҶСȴûһնֽչԼµ˷ܣΪеЩ΢Ī鲻Խģȥ۾תһԼδ̫תͷֱ˵һҪҪȥ
˻ػҶСֱӷԸԺһϵѾ߽⣬Ҫ˻صɣԺպ֮ʱԺڷɣһ˾ָӣδٻ֮ʱǱֻڷɣǡлᷢչǵĺȻá
ǣˣͬص
ִ֮˿˽һЩɣ״ҶСΪδ˴ʿԶԤˡԭǷɣȻ˶ɵᣬֻӥвʣȴװ
ҶСȻڰײеұʵұۣ
һ̲˰ײһֱ۶īϵ֫Ҳ֫壬̾һ㣬ϸ֮£ʸеֲ޲𡣶ұ֮ϻ̻żʺġԭҲʩҵһʹ֮ˡΪ޷ƣЩƳĹ֫ɣŲòӡ
ԭҶСһֱֵұۣߣҶСָÿ˼öҩ˶ڣ츳ǲʱ˵׼н׽𵤵Ŀܡ飬츳治⼸öҩǽ׵Ļһ֡Ӳ˳ȥܹɳһЩԺҲһЩԶҶСҲǲĵġ

û뵽ҶСʦڵĲһ˼򵥽Ժһϵʿȴɶδͱɱи޸ʿȴǼƬ̲ݵæµ޸ֱҶС˹֮ʱ⻤ɴųܹС
Եɣ˿ȴһЦԭҶСķʵΪַδʹùġ⻹ֻл޸½ɴɾ͸ˡûûҹĴһʿǸԤʱǰʹûɴܹСҶСʱЩ΢ȱ飬Ȼֻת˲ţȴǱ˿ץסڿʼҶСĽ֮ôѧġΪʱֵʵپͨʱȻֳȴһ̬һǣҶСƺϹŽΪϤڳõĽƷ˽ࡣ֮ǰ̸˿޸ɴַ˽ⶼֻǹϲõķֽʿѾȥ棬ǰҶСķȥ޸Ȼǿ󣬵ʯҲǸ֣˼ɾҲֲ֧һδսҪʯŸԼ⽫ϸ˵Ȼ΢СһЩʯȴС˾ųɡ
Ȼ˿ڲԹɫ־ϵû뵽ҶСһϹŽ֮ʱָ˿ǱԽֹ֮ʮָȤֻϧûʦָ㣬һֱԼ費ߣҲΪ˸ޡԸΪޡǵԪӤʿ󣬱㿪ʼı֮ʱҲֿʼоЩֹ֮δľгһܹͨԶ봫ʹȺǡˡ֮Իò˫ǵȵأΪҲܹ͵͵ȥѰԶ봫ʹ
ذޱ˿һֿѣͬȴһ㱯ҡҶСȴʼת䡣ԴȺԺǵ˱ڲ֪ҶСİһֻδˡ


һ Ŵ
Ȼʱ䲻˿˸ʱȥ޸⻤ɵĴֻҪܹȫƵĽ޸ԪӤʿҲ⡣
˴Σոսûգȴʹߡʹʱȴֲʱ
˵ʱΪҶСһʼڳıζֻǿһֱûлᣬʹãûǵĺûᡣ
˵ĲʱΪҶСδöԸԪӤʿ֮Ҿ⳾ԣΪԪӤʿոս׳ɹʱһֱ֮פأδȥչ֮࣬Ϊľǹ̺ʮеĵλڳƿɣǵĵһһʹ̸֮ҲǹһҪɸʿǰפ֮¡
ʿǽΪҶСһЩʶҲҪԪơǶԷǽʿԼ״ȴĲˡҲòɳ⳾ӭӣʹ

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⳾ʹߺҶСĺ˳⻹һȴֱ֮һСһ㡣δҲĵط
ˣΪ޷Ԥ֪˴õǺˣδָʾţӦ֪˴úʷ񣿡⳾ʵ
ҶСں⳾Ҳʮ⣬ƻ±ɡʹһСʿǰפ
˵˼ǣԭʹ˵ıҪǲʿǰפΪ˲⳾ȻܷԣһӦ£ȴҪӭǵڶʿǰһǸʮӣʿǵûлɣʮ⡣֮ǰҶСɱʿʿҲ𣬲⳾Ҹ˹ȥ
Ƕһ̣Ǳ᳹ΪУȻлһʵҪһ֡ȸͶŴ򹷣
ƣ˹ȻӢ⳾޵
ҶСˣȴпЦδ˵ʲô⳾Ȼڱ˽ƣʵıֻǶ̬ȶѣԸȴû˿仯ⰢķСƨĹ˿ûм
ת⳾ٶǵʹߣ令ɴδ޸ϣɳһСʵ׵ʿǰפأЭȻʱԽԽõġһεĴսиɽϵĶԺв٣ӭӵʿ࣬Դ˴ûֻһС߽ʿɡڴĻǵȴú޸Щ֮أ⳾ӭӡ
ʿһҲеĵԭ⳾֮ҪһӭӣжԺԭǷչļ죬ÿһʱ䶼׽ջ½ӣеԴһֱޡЩڵʿռõԴ࣬ȷһҲǲ

ǵʿһߣҶСԸȫ޸ǻɴ󣬶ҲЩʱ⾡ָԼĲСʶ
Ȼڼ֮󣬱˻˵ǵʿȴǱ֮ǰԤĶ˲٣ʮˣнڶʮˣʮˡǵΪҺö˶Щʿʿȴûб֮ǰ˵õĶһˡ
ʿҶСڵȫ䳹ɱһĳ̶ȡ
Ҫģ˾ֻ֣ǡ
һ˻δҶСαװһʿ⳾ɽ֮ȺǵһʿԶԶˣǶԷʵڹ˳óɽţ˹Ⱥ򡣶ҺһʿԼ룬ɵö⳾ֶ˼⡣󣬵ȴࡣʮʿ֮㣬츳ѣȡᡣ˴ǲȴǲʿȴ֪˶١ҪޣΪĻ˿ɱǺ˼
ҶСһЩһ־洺ģаЦ±⳾һ·˳Щڲȥ߷ɣ⳾ڽԺλλԾ·һɽ塣һĻЩ˾͸˷ܲѡ
ܿ죬Щ˱㱻֮ϡ˵⳾Ҫǽӷ磬ʮ˵Ҳûʲô¼ɻɡϾǿ⳾λÿɶǿǵԭ⳾ʱǸк춯
д޷Ʒ֮һΣ˿ΪЩرһŨ裡
Թֻ֮⳾ƣŮ룬ЩŮӸ֫϶һɴɴ֮£һ֣˸档ЩŮӵ⳾ʱ׼ǰѾļˡˣҶСҲ̾һﵱǻܡ
ЩŮӸ϶һöյλʿǰ󣬱룬Ůֳ˽裬Ϊλʿ衣裬Ȼ˿رƵˡ
ԭҶСǴ㽫ЩɣõʿͻϮ֮˿˵ȴֻһЦ˵鷳иð취ǣЩʱŻϾƷ衣
Щһᣬܵһɵ۲ɢһں£⵽𣬻ζǲлŨһ¶ǣˬȻ˿رƵĲɲǺúȶѡ
˱жѿգ߱¡ʱǵʿ⳾˷ܾ˶ĹŮͻȻ볡вܿΪ΢ЩʿҪЩŮӡ
ҶСаЦЩ˵ɵǵĺԺ⳾ػҶСվ˳ǺǺһЦת˵λĪϻиõĽĿ
ʱڵڵĵͽʿȥͼں֮ͻȻ߳ʿ¶ɱŵķɽҲǽâ£һϾҪɱģ
Щʿ˽׻ͷæ֮иϽҪ𷨱׼ɱʱŷԼȻ޷ӦΪԸһЩҲֻǵѡһ룬µǸող֪ʱ˵ҲֻǾơǲﱻ˶ýʿ˿췢Ķֲ֣¶ıµǲС
£ÿʼҪЩŮӵʿǳ⳾ҪĪ㲻ҪɣҪˣ
⳾ȴԵһЦδһԡȴҶСһӣɽһХ㻮һֱЩʿնȥɽɽѪֱӵĻشҶСһ֣ʿԽһɽնı㽫һΪԼ޼ʿնɱ
ЩвܵЩתҪġǣһͷŮվڴſڡ
һ˪˼ŮֳһӨ͸ˮһĳޡ󷽻һͷ׵ʨӣ˿ʨ죬۷ź⣬ʱ׼ɱ
һһ£Ը欣ЦӯӯҪӴӳʿߣһһķŹͭԣڼ仹иֱʯװεķΧתⷨڹż֮ùǱװʱԼı
֮ʱѴڣΡȻѡڴɱЩʿҶСŲԭҲ׺ݣֱȡҪɽ֮ûʲôۻƣȴнɱСοЩʿѾûжٵֿòײżıȴΪ֧һơҪӴʿҲʨӿУǱ˿ķնΡ

ˣҶСɱǵʿ֪ˣȻʹѡɵʿǴص˾޵ʿպĶ֮ţȴȫҶСĽ¡


һ սǰ׼
˴ҶСǲδȫɱ˼ʿͬԪƽסһȻʿ漰ͺأǵȴҲ֪һˡΪ֮ǰĵʶһֱδָھڸʿʿ½֮㿪ʼͷʹѡʶָ֮ǰǲٶʹˡ

ܿ죬ҪԼǰȥפɵĴʿӡ
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Ŀռڣֻһͼں롣ռ˷ԲСأ֪ʲôҶС÷ɽȥնûõһС顣Ӳ̶Ȳ֪˴ֻɸ߲㣬ɵĺʿŻ֪ܡҶСܹ֪Ҳ⳾֪ġ
δ뵽֮ΪΪĺзӡһ񽣡˵Ϲ£ѾѰķɽȽסȻȥѱˡǾ⳾ԣڶݵʮɸ߲ӦöԴ˶ţƥڣȴҲҪɲʱ͵Ϯ
ǼΪ죬ҶСԼںĵԴȻֻڻΪ΢Сһ֡ǿβôԻ⡣ΨһܵĲ²⣬ܿǺųΪӲ޸ˮ֮Ҳ˳Ϊ֮ˮк֮ˮиġµˮꡢѩ˪¶ȻδմأԴͷȴҲˮɣʵҲиġν޸֮ˮɲ֪δƾļ˵Ǳȴ˵ĳּӲľʯֻǱһ޶ˡ
һδļҶСһʱҲûа취ҲͲȥպлᣬǿԳԽƿзɽΡȻһԼò˵Ҫ˿Ǵ֮¡
ǰ޴ҶС㲻뵽⳾ԣҲΧһ롭ҺõǣϢпɸܵõһΣҶСƴҲҪȳ
һʱҶСΪƺ׼δй̫ȻΪķ˲پȷֵáҪҪи֮ءԴͲ࣬ڵʵܰȾѾǲˡҾ˶֮Ҳ㹻֧֣ҲԿϲ١ǵܱ侭ӪϣպҩǷȵȣ̫ģһ仰飬͵ǰﻹԼȥѾĴѰһ棬ֻԼ㹻ǿ󣬲ܹ˲ٿأԼԼˡ
ǿôǾҪӻҲ˷ˡڣҪ͵͵ȥء󣬻Ҫе׷ɱķա

ʱҶСһŨⲿŽҶСϵĽмʮöЩ𵤣պҲͲóˡĵıԼʶһεģҪ׵㲻֪Ҫ¡嵹кãٶҪ׵ҲҪꡣϾ֮ʱԼҪȣһ֮ʲôҲ͵òʧˡ
ʿڽһˮ룬ڽ֮ǰȻԶҲǲףǶҶС츳ֻ֮Ҫⶼ˳ڶ̶ʮоͿɶȹʵһٽ׽ڡһ˽𵤣ѵٶȶͻȻټ֮ٶȱͱҪ࣬ȻֻԵġҶСٶӦûϲٵġȻĺôȴҲǿüġûһ·ƽ֮ϣ㵽˸ý֮ʱֻҪΪ˾Ϳ˳׵ġңҶСͬʿмǴ޵״̬
ҶСŬ࣬ûʲôԵĻҪڣٻҪʮ๦Ժٵ𵤺ڣ͸֪ҪʲôʱˡûԼ塢ĳһͻȻ⣬˺ȵΪԪƸ˺ȡ
ҶСķʽԼ׽ڵ治֪Ҫ¡ȻھȻѰҽȳͬʱȫµԼ˶Ľ𵤣ΪȻΪ١պɵսԲ٣ǲʹ˰ݡպ𵤵ԴԴԴϡ򣬴ﵽ໥תλһЧôԼΪҲͿֱˡ
ҶС߽·ϰߣ塢Ҫǰ·ʱȥȴЩȲˡ뷨Ҳûдн·ûԸȥԶ·Ǳо͸ԵҲټ
ϸ֮еĴҩȻãôãԱЩҩȫƳɵҩָµЩʿЩڶҶСצȻԽǷԽð¡
ҩ֮еһδ죬ոճѿѣҶСرµһѪҲǰİĿҲڳ˯֮УҲǲˡҿǣƺѾߣӦòࡣѪԲҲûʲô졣ǻҪҪѪʱҶСȻСսȻǿȴи£ǼѰĵرȱҶСȻԦ֮СһܣҲʹǣ˵׼ҲһвˣҲʹ⣬Ѫ˹ӣȸöԳԣЧĻ;ιСޡ
ҶСҪ޵ǰδ˸ҶСҲƣһɹС׽ޱϾ࣬ѵΪʦޣ֮ʱҲԶøСһϲ֪ҲСԵҶС;ʲôܹȻ׽ء

ݵļ֮ҶСʶδָ㲻ͷʹɵĻɴʱҲѾȫ޸޸Ĵ⳾ˣҲ̾ǰ֪ǿ˶ٱǿĻɴʵԭԭٵĻɴͺǿ󣬻ڣ޸ϾֻǽָԭӦеĳ̶Ȱˡһ֮ܿǰ⻤ɴһֱ״̬Ӧ𻵣һֱûеõ޸
һڶʤݶʲôطеʮҲֻһСеʮ󣬷ŵʤݿ¶ЩɡǰⲻˣҶС񵽹ȺʲôɡǸɾзʿ򣬵ⶫݵʮɵ㲻ʲôǣ˵һСΪλһ쳣ǿĻɴ󣿾˿ԣ±ɵĻҪǿ֡ԪӤǹֻҪ㹻ʯģһԪӤʿƲ
ҶСȴɻ󣺡һСɣȴӵĻɴ󣬱ΥСɽе񽣣ǴӺζѵɻʲôܣУΪƫƫҪԼһطĪҲʲôԭ򣿡
ƺԽϤԽᷢɲ֮ǰ˽⵽ô򵥡ڣҶСȴûʱȥЩʱҪ⳾һͬǰǣ
Ϊ˲ɣ˴ֻ⳾һͬǰȥڡھȻ֮ǵһսȻɱ⣡


һ ŭʺ
ǵΪʿ֮࣬ΪһУռ֮ˡǴĳ̶ֳ˵չһɡŽĲϷչԶɽԪӤںǸǽ۷׶ΡֽȻδﵽʿĹģǼǧеġͷȥ˵׼ʿϡȻǸոտʼٷչʿ߽࣬״ﵽڵȴûж١һҪɳҲһĹ̡
ҶС⳾˷˽գǡ
֮벻ͬһȦͰΧĹƽԭʿڴչ𽥷չģȺ֮ʱҶСȫʿɵľ޴ǳأԼǵҲûʲô֮иܵʿڶ࣬޴ŵľ״һԺ֮бмʿͬסһﹻáĲ㣬Ƿչһƿ
ΣҶСǵûиˣĵһ֡Ϊڶ֮ҪôɿҲڱصáǷɷǵûйԹԹ˳һǰȥʿɱ󣬱Ȼ߾ַܵɡ
νˮڣҶСҲǵҶСҲ¡Ϊ֮Ļ⣬ڵҲҪǵֶΡ

һóţһòʵʿӭ˹ʮ˵Сֶʦ壡ʦҸҪҪæԾֻСֶǰӭӣʦĪҪ֡
˲ǱˣǵȻͬǶʮɵţ⳾ȴѾ޷ɵˡ˵ս֮󽵣⳾˵ΪҲǲࡣ͸˵ˣ֮˸ûһٽ⳾ھֻû׽𵤵ǰӭӡ
һȴҶС֮⡣ԶɽԪӤʿǰж㡣һڵȴǲΪġңڼ֮ʱҶСͻȻһơ
⳾ó˽֮£һѿ֮󣬱ᵽ¡˵һҪȻҪϽɳʿפȥЩʿһɾ͵ǵһɣʮҲʵˡ˴ʿҶСȻǲǽɵĻɴ֮ڵģȻʱɾͲǹŴ򹷣ǹűҧˡֻ⳾Ӧţ˵֮󲻽𣬾ڳʿ¶ϲɫæȥټ·ɵʿ׼⳾֮ʱһͬȥ
Ȼ˵ǵҪ֮⳾˸˵Լ֮¡˸ɣҲӦңҶС֮£⳾ԡϾδΪɣһͬ㡣ȻԾûҪһҪţӦʱֻǿʶأڵʱǸибһζһڸӣͶûȤΪΪĳֺ⡣һֱҲδرҪȥǼȳˣҲõʲô³˱檡

ǷΧС⳾ҶСǰ֮ҶСαװһʿ֮òҲ仯ѰҲδĬĬ⳾ҶСȴԽ⼸ʱ˵Ҳ죬˵ҲǼʱ䣬ȴγÿһڿҪֲס֮ʱıǻҪصݣ֧һδͻƣһδζɹѹأǿռƬȺһǧٸҹҹҶСйһսǣŬڼƽǰͷ̸ЦĶˣҶСбֳ޵ĺ⣡ԭ⳾ѾոҶСĺѾڵѾȥǴʱŨŨĺȴȻĵٶѿѸ˵һУĳ̶ֳϽǰǵĴүͣҲɱ˵Ļ´ʱȻҶСɱˡȻ룬ȴҪ͡Ҫʱδ
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ǴԽˣҶСԼʱмһƬհף綼Ѿ룬ǰֻõխխһС·һš
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ˣſһ˿ȻԽȴνһһĴϻۣ⳾ɫóòʺΪ˿ʿʮֹ̫ˣҪѯ֮ʱǰһ㷨Լʱŷֲ֪ʱһֻϸֿԼ֮ϡͷһԼʺ˲⳾ʿôǰһǰʲôһٿʱԼѾڡǴҲ֨һԼر
ڻδ򿪴֮ʱҶСȻȴͨʶ̽ڴŵһ˲ǰȫõһߣ㿴İĹڣһΪҽֻܴſиӰľ޴ڡȻҶСȴȻȷ˾ɡһ˼ɷڷùζ֮ʱŭҪѹֲסۿǱⶪţڼ֮еҲбŵʱ޷ͣǱż·˿Ҳٹ˼ɡ
ҶСȻ䱬ֻƣδôµʱһµסĺҶС޲ھҪĲϣһԵ⳾һҶСŽ׽ڣȴһֱδɿ׽ʺᵽڡ
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صһ㱻ҶСźļ֮ϡ
㣬㣬Ҫʲô⳾Ƿ𣿡𾪻ŵĺΪסΪɳƣҲ
⳾ҶС˱ŭѹһ˵ϣͷصڵ֮ϣһ⳾û̧ز⳾Ҳ˲ġȻȫȫĹ˳ҶС񣬵ȴҲǵõԼΪҲʮֹ˼ɲ֪ʱҶСὫɱΪԪƵԭ򣬾ֹ˼ȴҲֻҶС񲻶ͷԲҪֿҶСҪȥȻĵײԸȴҲܾ
æ֮УſԼ֮һģֳһżΪſֻԭſϣ˿ȴ׹¶һ˫ǾҪҪɣ
ҶС㣡
ɾҶСǴǿѹԼһͷͬʿѹĶ٣οҶСʱΪԶһԺ󣬱һֱҶСòСʱʹ⣬гһգҪһѩǰܡ֮ǰ˵׹׹ħȣȴٶҶСչֵĳʵҲ޷͸ġ


һһ ׳н
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ҶСһ˿飬һ䣬ҪһɿȡҶСȴǿסŭ𣬲δɱΪô
£ǶסʺȴδɿһֻơžһذϣΪ̫󣬶ʹͷ­һƫв˱ļ֮ϡ
ǰͣұɱ㣬ʱȴҪһΪľҪԼ˫ȥͣҶС񼸺켷ЩƺԼĻͲסٽɱ²кλ˵ֱӲ˽ơתӵһԡ
ǰ߾룬ȴ
õϸǵĻҳ͸͸ıòһױΪ׼ѡ΢ЦŵģЦһ޶ûоκα仯ƺ֪ҶС񶨻ԲһֱЦһ㡣
ԭҶСǧ˵֪ܷھ͸ڣҶСƴıټЦ֮ʱȴҲ˵һ仰жٻҪʱҪڰȫȫľȳ֮ʱ˵
ûиĽҶС㽫ӡһ޴ϸ֮С
ת˲ݱֻظ糣ʲôδһ㡣ٹѯڵһЩϾΪ֪Ϣǲٵġ
ַԸҰҪһøǵָȨ˰²Ż˳ࣻڶ谭ԶɽĶӣʲôֶЧΪɶǵĵ⣬ֱܹɵս⣬㣬㵱ûκιϵδ֮һ㡣
ոչӦһǡˡֻδ˵ڱ㱻ҶСһΣԶԶˤ˳ȥҽһм䡣
߰ɡ
ҶС˵Ҳһ⳾һ֮ۡʱȻ
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ҶСĿֲˣѾŭ֮ȴ糣һ䵭˲֪һ᲻ͻȻȡҶС񱾾ϲŭɫȴϳɣΪԸҲذޱһĮԶһЩϲŭֵȻ
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շɳ֮УҶСͻȻͣ⳾˵УĪҪͷֱɱǡ
ˣΪ֪ҶСҪʲô⳾ɻʵ
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δٻһǰȥѰһǸȥֱȥҶС
ԽԽҶСҲǰݹ⣬ǰܣ½˿δмҲδƹǺûǰ֮һֱЩʿȥ
˫һ񣬴ĿʼȾɫ棬һֱҶС˫۰ȭĵŻƱһ㣬һ»һϻ˫ȭͬʱ֮䣬ҶСϷɽһʣһɳ졣кҲһ㻮һֱǰʿնȥ
ΪʶСԵʣҶС˴βδʩչնֻʩչܡȻҶСɱ˶ȭӵ֮ԷɱⲢҶСҪǿ٣ΪʿȫʿķɽȻҲԶͬʿǿ󣬵ȴԷЧǾƾԶԷܹԷһɱʱҲˣ𵤳ΪҶСɽȻƱȽʿĻҪͲ٣Էķͷɽ֮ʱȴռ̫ˣֻܹסԷѡ
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ҶСһ·ֻǷȫڣΪľһ
Է˳һɽֵļ𾪲ѣȴǲ֪ǺĻȻǾӲײзΪǿħƣҲʵ˲šʲôֵܹסħƻпܣƾܾӲħƵȥδ̫šʿײʲôҲǿף²͸ġķɽڵֵļһ˳ʲôҶСִҲǴδġϾǻδн޻ڶսȭɱ˵ġ


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ڼ˲֮ʣҶСȻײһˡֻһײҶСת˲ںĵȥ˶Է⣬һ±ץԷС֮Ⱥֽ֮Щȥ˻⣬û˷ʿﵲסһץʱ˶֮ϣӥצһֱ뵤һѱסԷ𵤣һȳ֮ȭͷ֮ϵȻȼ㽫еʿɫ֮СתʱҶСһɫ̾һ㣬ǱȼϻʿһŴȼյһ㱻ҶСͶһߵʿڼ䣬ʿƺǱŵɵˣҶСһʿʬ㳯̤һֻһ˲ʿǰһצƿ⣬ֱסʿͷ­ϻͻȻȼһ±ʿؿ֮϶ɫ֮Сһ˳ҲʿĽ𵤰˳
ʿۼҶСͶʿֱԼԼͬŵҶСͶҲأʱֱԼȻҲûж֮˵ȻȻɫ棬ȴδ⡣ϾĻɫУһʱҲδ뵽ҶС˲ƿɫĹЧȻҲ͸ܲϻвȴ˵ڱȼ֮ʱǼΪѤĿһɫ޻棬ڻΧǵɫɫġɫĹ˸̻ȼֺǵһžžֱ졣
ʿһסȼϻʿҪϻȴδǵͷԼӴɫ֮ȻҲȼϻ𣬶ԽתҪϻԽʢ

ʱԽԽʿע⵽еսҶСȻƬ̼ɱˣȻƲСȴսٻطɽͷҲصֱȡ
ҶСһֱ󣬲Ϊش󣬸ΪһڶļҾڡʱǡϵĶʿɢ⣬ûж˴ڣҶСҪҲܵ׵ķ֮ࡣ
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ת˲ҶСԶѾһݹգֱȡһɫ̻һֱʣէһҲʮ׳ۣһȻ¼ٵȻʿռ˴ݹƿֻвǽʿҲǲСҶС˶ĽмռʲôҲǲסһݹԽԽ࣬ҶСȫƺѾ˷ҶСĳ֣Ǹߴаٲĺΰ֮в̽ͷҶСȥ
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ҶС˫־ҲͻȻû޴Ӱ˫ֺʮһ°Ǿ޽ӰСֱ˳Ǵѷ֮ڡ
ԶԶģɼһССˣֳֻһâӰ޽СΧֻвϴȻ֮ⱬ䣬ʱڣǧ꣬ҶС¿ʼһ鵹ȥ
Щս׷ʿ˾ʹ飬ҧгݣ޲õͽҶС̻ǵǲС˵ЩŮޡʿҾ졣е󷨱ȵȽǲڴ˴еȱʿĹҲСǶʿΪҪģ֮ڣ뵽ڳͻȻһˣ˲ΪɱˣȴרҪȥ󡣶Ϊ֮ߣȻʿҲδ谭һ̡ŭѹƣЩȴҲֻţΪǽ¶ݹȻߣٶ޷ӿһ֣ȴԶ
ЩŮһЩΪһЩַֽģҶСɽնܼʱŶݹ롣һ¾ͿЩΪԵͣΪҶСľӰ޷ɳĵͽʿڲδҶС֮ˡЩ֮ȴֻǸܵΧʼҡΣ¾񶯣ƽ¾Ҫʱѿһ㡣ЩвǺԭ򣬱㱻ҶСķɽնУЩδնеģȴֻԱһͻȻһâӲȥһ룬ֱӿü⡣ãȻУͱһֻߣоʹǰһ˹ȥû֪
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Ϊʵ̫Ӵ󣬶ҶСΪֻ˹潣δʲôӵдΧɱҪ뽫䳹׻ȥҪһ
ҶСǴϷ룬ȻŴȦնһһۿɼٶһȦһȦıԽԽ


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ڶʿе֮ʱѾдԼ֮һ׻ȥһƬ֮вʱһ΢΢ЩδҶСķɽնɱû׽ȥ©µʿԱ˷֮С
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һصУҶСԸȫػ󣬲ǲʿѲ飬ʱ鿴Ƿǵʿڲ֮Զɽһأһ±Ҫȫɡ
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ÿò֮ʱ˿̲ס̾һ䡰С˶ˡǱĨЦȴǶůһ㣬һůůġüͬɽ㣬˫Ŀ΢΢ţͺ˯һ㡣˻ǷһЩ΢ͻὫ֮е˶ѡ
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Ϊģֻһ֣ΪģֻҪǺָܡ
յ΢ЦҶСвֳյһĻĻ棬Ӷʱ¶м䣬ɣһֱ֮ǰ˿̣ͺ˼һ㣬һ治չ֣Сǰ


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ʱ룬ڲ֮ɵмٶһĻĻ֣ʱֳ֮ٿѲ⣬иǰٸнѡ
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ҶСһվһҹֱڶգ̫ո¶ƽʱҶСǺƱҹһڵͻȻһ˿⡣ڼϵȭͷԽԽָ׼ҪԼġ
ҶСֽļ뵽ϸ֮Сڣ쳣ǿķڶŵùˣǲңҽصˣʱȴһСľͻᶪߵĺһ㣬ҪĴߡ

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ӵԼĺô鶼ֻҪԸȥȥЩɢȥȻҶСһĴ̽Ҫݼһ涼һѰ֮һϰµԾΪ

ڽļպҶСǱȻܵһн֪ԭѰˡҶСԸʿżʿֻɴһ̲ͣЪɡҶСԼɽǰδȥֻ˾䣺ԺֻǼزɣһԶɽûҡ
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ڣδȥȫµôõʵҶСȻ಻ͬ⡣ǼȫУѾЩżʱնܿ
˵ǵʿǰ˿ذޱ̲סǰȥɽŹۿﾹҶСδⶼк棬Ųɵø̾ҶСǳסĵǰɽţȻÿԷһۡճǴ򲻹ҲҪԷԪӤʿǸʲôģ
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ҶС֮û죬Զɽ˹ءһչؼ죬ǾͱӣʱðɣҪʿɡŭ֮ʱͻȻ֮ǰԼһڵѵʿ飬ЩʿȻò˺ãֻǲĵһ⼸ǵʿҲĴ̽ɵһϢȻڵĲδ̽٣ȴҲ鵽һϵֽȻֻ˼Ϊʿܻ˷ɣϢҲûһ㡣
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һʿԪӤڵԶɽ칥ʱȴɾȻŲ˻ɴԭԶɽδϣһ֪Ǹ۵ĻɴжǿΪ֮лںԻ󣬲ּ򵥵Ľɻסô򵥡ɴӵмһ㣬һʱ޸оǴǰһ󣬱𡢾ľش̻Ƿɽȵйǡ
ԶɽҲǼʶ㣬һΧΣ㷢Լ뵽˻ɷ֮С
ɵĻɴȻǾзܣԻ󡢹ԶɽȻֵ磬ȴһʿЩʿҪģȴճ
ȻԻףҪڳȥɾûôסԶɽʱŷԼո߹ĵطȫҲ֪ոߵ·߱һ·
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ҶСø֣˴ˣȷʵκζǱŲɶԷ⹥ɴ󣬻ǵ˺飬ͽʿù£׻ȥԷǾˣҲδһ˵һ仰Զɽڻɽбûˣôһսǣɻǡ
ϾԪӤʿɴȻգȴӲǴ˳ѰǷǿֻҪ㹻ҲܽӲӲ𻵣ԼԵȴǲзй󷨾ԶɽҲֻڵ伮пδۼһιҲ˻İȥ


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һԶɽ㲻ٸóȻɽÿһʱٵһΣһǸɴһֱϼִŶȥ
Զɽ֮ˣƺҲ֪ҶСڽʿж֣Դδκһιġ˺ԶɽҲɴû˰취ƵҲ
ȻʱΪԼʵǸɴûа취磬ܴǿٷչΪ⣬о˼ȣгǸûо԰ʱ㲻ʦڵȥɡⲼߣʱʲôҲǱⲻ˵ġ
ȻһζЧҲ˿ȥǵԴһ󱻻ٺȴǵһءϾǸʲôδҲ˵Ҳ֪ġ

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Ǳɵĺ֮ҶСȻԶɽԴȴ˼һɴδƿǵ¹ȣ֮Զɽв߻ħˡС»࣬ɾ
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Զɽһ谮ӣȴ˵Ȼ£֮ǡζҩӰ죬ͲѪԭ׺һֱûкúùΪش̼ڵֵסòչؾޡ
˵Ȼ˵ԼӰ˻£ɫ糣ûһػԱѳԶɽЩ߻ħŲѱճùء
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⼸ҶСʱ˿ذޱ֮̽£Ҳȵ˲١ŻȻȻĽƺѡذϵѱ˿ѡޱѡҶСΪʱָ㣬ԶԵļΪ̣ʱˣһ˿ذޱϵԻҲԸҶСһͬ۵ҶСҲǶ˴Ҳǻ࣬ذޱ˲ٹѱ֮¡
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ش˶һͬ֡˿ذޱ⼸ҶСഥ˵ﵱԼļңǸõ֮ڶ⳾ҶСֱذޱ˿˸ϵţͬʱ⳾𵤺ʿ֮͸¶ȥһټϻɴǿûʲôɸٶ̲ɵͷˡ
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ԸԴ󣬱ҶСһŵ㡣νϣԣ֮ҶС֪Լ֮࣬ϾǳԷ¶⼸֣һͬϡĴϣҶСҲ⳾Լϵö࣬Ȼÿÿ֮óĽ۶ϲ⳾˵ķãȫ档һҶСҲŵİɽ̸⳾ˡƹɾûʲôȤ˼ӵԼֲΪɶĵȫ
˶֮ҶСֶڳ˿ذޱ⳾˵Ȼʱһ䣬ҽΪҲѾڽǰѰ֮
˵ǸϢ׼ȷô˿ɻʵҲ˵ڲǰҵһ˿ܻн֮ϢԴȴǿŶȼ͡
ѾȥȻܲ׼ȷȴҲûŵϢ֮²ˣҲʵ޷ûϢҲԳȥѰġ


һ Ѫ֮
ҶСЩε˵ԭΪԼ֮ʱһУʵȴˡǰδ֮ʱвӰ죬ԼҲ֪Ϊһֱ޷ȫоΪߵԵʣΪԼڲδȫȥΡ
ҶС˵༸˱㲻˵ʲôֻȥһǴԼǰȥ򣬲鷳ذޱ˿Իһھܾ˵ǷҪһͬǰʵԴҶСһֱжΣԭ˾Ǻϵְ࣬Լ˵ɡԷܲ鷳Ǳ㲻ȥš
ΪǰʩչԪƣҶСʶˣĶڻָʶȻʶܸǵķΧδָô󣬵ʶȴ࣬նҲڼٶ˳ףʹҶСͬʱӰɽΪףҲûеʱôʵˡ
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ڰƷ;ƷҩҶСҲżһƷҩһ¯֮ҶСͿƳöƷ׶Ǹ߽סھƷҩ͸࣬ÿһǧöƷȻǸ߽ףЧȴѰĸ߽ҪࡣЩҩΪЩͽʿʵϾԴԴϵʿɷչ֮
Լ޵Ĺ潣ȥԭɾǽɣһϢ潣ʿԽһֱϵľսǽʵǰҶС񣬾ᱻ˻ɱôҡ
ʶ֮УһԴֲıԹôþòʯû
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ҶСҲشֻǺǺһЦһֱһװĴӣǱıй֩ȥ

ӷźӼǹһһЦ͵һһͷӭŴӷȥֱѴƿһӣԼ嶼˴֮С
һǴӦأȱڴ̽ʯ̽ӣȴſʯ˳ԭ֮װнʯ²°ٿ顣ʯ㲻ȥҶСֻǵſʯԸԵĽ
߸ոʯǱ߱һͷͷѾҶСߵԲһĹޡ۹۹ĺƻһֱҶСҶСһЦ׳һͷǰµĺǿȥͺһϻ͡۾ĹҲͻȻɸߣһҧסǺޣܵһ߿
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ҶСŶԵһԵʵǰǾϢŶж٣
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붫ݽǶʤĴ֮һԶԶʮֹϼӵ಻ǰɡǸٵ硣
շУҶСڽ뵽ؽ硣һĵطҶС㷢ȷȶݸ߳ΡӸ߿ԶԿһɽ֮ƣлģߴ¥˹ЩطҪȥĵطΪ·ҲԴ˼ɵϿշɹһʲôɱҪƹǾԶԶƹҲܸܵõԶŨ
ҶСֱ򱻳ĸռݡҶСҪȥıĴ֮һĲɵϽΧҪȥҵȴǲɣǸڲ֮µһСɡڡ
֮¶һЩСԼò꣬ЩСøһЩСʹáЩСֻҪϽһʯ㲻ռԵõԼĴɱӻڱһڲɵһСš
һҶС㷢ԼʿԽԽ࣬ÿÿɹһʿԶɹ˵ƷܶȵʿķҲɼһˡ˼һҶСһĿֱ꣬ӳȥĿǱԪƵһʿõĹѶϢʿֻ֣˼һ˵ʿȥԼȴ
һɲŷ֣ʿڵλþȻڲɵɽŵһСɽ壬˵Ǿڲɵɽ֮¡ҶСһСɽ֮£ʿһ浹ҶСһΪɫɫ԰ףһǷģѾǽΪȻֻгڣҲ¶ġ
һ棬˱㹧ʺˣˣ
ҶСûκο׵ıҪ㿪żɽʵڣôģ
ˣСɽȷڡܣŻŪδ̽ڽŮ֮ͷһͣصǶȫȫΪҶСЧûܸȻĻΡ
̽Ϣǲף˼ϸϸһǱǷģҶС˵ԭ䲻ƣȴѾĹΪɵжҲ˼̧֡ͷǰС壬СɽȻرߴ󣬵ǻΪڲɽŵԭȻҲ쳣ŨҶС֮ǰ·ɽҲлڲɽ֮һôøռݡ
ԣҶСɻűһ⿪ԭСɽԭǲԼռݵһС壬ǧǰűڡ֮ԻԼΪڵԭǲɵĵӡǲ֪ΪǧǰͻȻ뿪˲ɣԼռһС壬Ϊ书̫⣬ֲͽǧûеӡ
ΪĴ֮һ¸ɴССٸСĿֻʮˣĿҪϵɡôȻռݸõΪɴиԤԭ֮䲻ﻹǰﶼΪ֮¶ˡеɻ˥䣬еĻᷢչԲɱÿҾٰһξɴᡣνȺɴǽеĸɽԻ㼯һãһͬ۵жһǷʸռԭɽ塣˵ˣʵʲ㿴һɽ壬ԶսֻҪʤȡöԷռݵ
ȻԱ֤µĸ֮ԾˣԿƲɷչ̫ģģһĸɹģ̫󣬱ҲᱻϾһɹģ̫󣬹㡣ʵ֮Ҳֻǿڲϸ֮仯ˡ
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˵ڵѾԪӤʿڵǰڻǺھû֪ˡֻҪǴﵽԪӤڣֻҪԸɾͻԭΪɳϣڲںúõռһϼɽ塣ΪһֱȥҲû̳ʲôͽܣȴҪһС忪ɲϻعɵԭͲö֪ˡ
ҪϯɴᣬȴòʲôͽܡʿҶСڹأѰ湦Υ棬ټҪֶ࣬һֱҲûһͽܽ׵˽ڡⱻ֮£˼룬ʱͽܵ뷨ͽһҪﵽڡ˵ףͽֻҪμɴɣȥȻҪ˰æҲ˼һЩôЩôͿҪˡ
Ҫ˵Ϊݰ繧Ϊ̡ݰҲǸˣΪԪӤڣѧʶ֮ӵ̾Ϊֹ֮֮֮֮֮֮ȵԡ˵ܹϰ˶ĹԪӤڣһ⡣
ҶСɳʿˣĵ˵׼֪ν㳢ˣһ֮˹Ȼ֪ƺƽ֮Ҳ֪֮ꡣֻֻһѪ֮ƽ֮֮ȴһҲ˵ˡҪֻ֪࣬гΪͽܡʿʱΪ˳ΪͽܣŸǱˣȴδﵽŵҪ󡭡
ԽҶСݰԽǺ棬֪֮Ҳȥʶʶˡ˽ҶСʿָȥݰ

翴Ų۵Сɽ壬ҶСɽ»δʲôءһ̤ɽţһ硣ֻΧƣɽ֮価ǸҩһЩƷҩҩҲ洦ɼٲȻһԴһ㡣ߵøˣһһ¥ɽͱ¸죬ɽںϣԵȻκͻأ֮Щͷ죬еľϸ£еִֿȻɡͬһ㡣
ʿҶСּһʯС·Уһ߸ҶСܵ˵Ѱɽһ˶ǽģΪ˴˴յӣرȥ˽ơҥʱɳԪӤʿһͬҪƿɽţȴ޹͵ɽ̲ȥƣһɽɽּһС⣬ԲиָĽƣЩȴֻܿġ
ǰɽʿۿи𵤺ʿΪȥժȡһҩȴ֪ô˽ƣһ⻹Ǹոտʼձͼ֮ϿʼӿžžһֱʿһաǵǿǡǴܹʿܵȵʹȴֲὫεĳ̶ȡһһҹɽ֮жõʿ˺ѷε˻֮˷Ƽ򵥣Ҫ֪ǱĿǽ𵤺ʿܽ𵤺ʿĥ˵ȴһ۵СƣҲĵΪ֮


һ ֮
ɽ֮һС֮ͤУһ뷢԰׵СͷϯضֻǰһСڷżʳСͷҲÿӣʳץȡÿһҪ઼ͣƼδԹζһ㡣
٣СˡƵĶŪˣ
һҶССͷ㿪˵֮вּϷ
̣޶ۣ˵Ƴɹδ򡭡ʿͷصֽŵմȻ̵Ҫ󡣡
Сͷһѱ֮£һҶС˵ҲҪڣҵͽô
ҶСаݰȻЩ˼̬ʲôˣֱİũһ޶ƫƫ˶˼أ֮·ϳвһΪʵĻҲЩ֣Լûһͽܣͽ˼ҲǱģҪ˵úƱ˶ŵͽһ㡣
ҶС̣ҶС񹧾ʩһվֱ˵ǰҪڣҲΪ˵ǰͽܡֻһѡ
СͷડһһƤԴֲм˵Ȼ󣬾͵ҵͽܡǳݰĹͽȻһ̸
ҲΪǰæѣѲŵǰͽܣΪ˰ǰΪʦһΪʦΪʦȴ԰ʦ֮ǰİ´Ҳ˵ǰͽԭܹﵽǰҪԸǰμǾɴᣬȴܰǰΪʦҶСص
ҶСʦһֱͬĸһ㣬ĸϣʦȻҲҰݡͽҪ˽⣬ԼҪﵽҪӦòѣȴȥΪʦֻ˫ƽװˡ
ΪʦܲμǾɴ᣿Сأǿɶ񣡣ݰ⣬㵱ֻСϷƭǳŮ˵ôȴСͷһ⣬üͷһ壬ɾһ̧ϸҶСȥȻ첻˵ҶСһȵޣ𵤳Ϊǻף޵ʶҲǡ
ҶСоȣò˵̾ǰһ㣬ʿҲΪͷһۿ
СͷǶҶС˰죬ͻȻƼ˱һ㣬͵վָҶС˵ˣһʱѧϾһʱ׼ӭս֮°ϱǣ
ǴҶСʿĿɿڴҶСԼҲһʱո˵黹δ˵꣬ѾʱҲ˳
ǹǰ˵ʦ֮£ҶС̽
ʦȻҪݣ̺Ƽʲôһ㣬̵ģҶСʣЩĻصݰȥҲͿϹһ۵ӣǵڶ٣ȸֱɴ⣬ѧ

ҶСһʱ̾ȻҪƾȥμӾɴᣬǻҪ潫ѧһ㡣ҶС֮ǰʦʦ֮ʵظֻ俴ֻǽ׾ûбҪȥǸʦͺƸףҪ涨뺰˼Ҽµİְһ˱Ť֮ҪΪͽֲͬҶС֮ǰһֱûʦ̵ȻҲҶС׶ҲԶ׼ȻϾ֮ˣҶСһ֮ûʲôˡߣǰҶССѧͺñǴѧĽڣѧĽȻ֪ʶԨǽ̵СѧδؾͱСѧʦ̵ĸáڣиͨԪӤʿԸ̵ԼҶСȻԿǡ
ǰ֮δ֪Ǽȣǰܷа취˵ʦ֮ΣҶСȻЩĻȷӦץסʱȷҪԾΪ޷ǰ׷๦
٣СңСͷЩյģԭظתһȦ˵㵹˵ݰ뿴ɶ⣡
ҶСǺһЦʧ񣬽͵Լû̵˼Сͷȴһӣһ㡣

ҶСҪ£ݰҶСȻһ侲֮С
ڶǰһӡԼҵļʱǰ˲١
Ѫ֮û뵽ݰ֮ۼӵѪ֮֮ˡݰһǼǰµĲϹĦһ˵
ǰ¶Ѫ֮Ҳ˽⡣֪ѪӦòִ˵ŶԡҶСɻ
Ѫ֮ԭֻǻħ֮䣬Ȿ岻еѪ
岻ֵܳѪҶСţЩԽ룬ѵ壿
Ů޽һ䣬ԹԵĽӵ֮ң֮Ʈ죬ң֮˶ˡ
˺һ̲˵Ů޵͸¶ϢӦͬʱħѪѪ֮ӦþħһѪˡѪ֮ģħҲֻѪΪĻħſ֣ܳȴħ˵СŮϳˡ
ǰ֪ôֿн֮ʲôݣҶСʱǲʲôࡣȻǳ⡣
Ѫ̱ǼΪ֮£ְħ֮Ҳˡ²ӦŮѪ̫֮ͬʱŷֱܿƵķΧŻᵼй⺮Ϊ֮ˮɵ޸֮ˮ⺮Ż˼ӲѰƲġ˵ͣ˻ֽ˵˵Ѫ֮һ򣬱Ȼٿⲿ˲֮ԼСѪ֮Ѫ֮֮飬óȻȫ̽գʹ壬ܻܿʹѪ֮ʶѪе֮ɡ
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ǰƽ֮ҶСʩһ񣬹
ҶСˣͻȻɫ۱±Ʋѩ׵СӣٺһЦ˵Ҫ˵ƽ⺮֮ķ԰쵽Ƕ˵ȴʲô£ܽ⺮ȫʩкôٺ٣ҪǲѧҪƽ⺮ûʲôõİ취
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˵Ѳѣ˵򵥲򵥡˵ѣΪֻҪһöԪĵ¶ǣ£ܱ׽Ѫɣ洦˵ѣԪĵĲϼѴ롣˵ģǷҡ¥ʯࡢ֬һ亱֮ҳֶ׵֮
ҶСʣȴǺٺһЦһԶҶСģ˵ٶĽͲܸ㣬֪ҪպıˡҪҪΪʦԼ˼
ҶСҪʵǻԪĵ֮ЩϵĳҲͿ˵һ룬˵ҶСθڣҶСʱΪʦ֪ЩҲ岻Ϊֻ˵ʲôƽ⺮֮ᵽ˵ҩȴû˵֮Ȼᵽ˼ƣҶСȴһû֪ȥҡ̱ǸҶСˣзӾŮޣҪҪʦͿԼˡ
˵ҶСҲɣʦϣܵһ¾Ҫ£аʦȴǸݡֻδ˵ڣͷϥ֮ºһԼס޷ȥ


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ţֹҶСʦ֮˵ҪΪʦȴҾͻΪͽҪʦȴҲ⣬ҲҪһͨԲſɡ
ԭ˰ľֻΪҶСҪΪʦʹҶСһʱЦãֻҪβԣһ˵׸ҶСһöָһѲϡָҶСָ˸˵ҪȥǱߵ¥֮һû˵ס±ɡֻҪھɴǰ֮˵ЩҪɡ

ҶС̷ֱ֮󣬰ԵķȻһƬЩЩͬʱ֡һߵҶСʶ֮б㷢ﾹȻۼſ²°ʿƽ޹ʶ̽һǻ˵ģҶСҲһ˶ˣջʶ
һƬУɿʱгüɫ԰ף֮һģһۿࡣҪݰΪʦ˻٣ҶСȴмֲ졣˼ƫƧû˵ľң㿪ʼ鿴֮е˵Щʲô
ԽԽǾȣѹЩʿһࡣԭ֮гһСѡ⣬¼Ǹż֮֮ҪҪЩҪϰ͸ȻЩʿѧֽǳżνҵר޵ʱҪŶϰ͸żҲġҶСһ㣬֮¼п֮֮֮֮֮֮ȼԳ漰лΪδ׼ޣûᵽ֮
󣬱Ǹ֪˾ɴڡҶСδüʾɴᵽ׺ʱУһͷһʱǴȻҲֻв¡ʮֿҶСʣڵʵðʱȥϰ͸֮еֵϼѡѹЩʿһͷ棬޾ģԭȴ۵ġĵѹСͷûһͽܣɸѡʽкõҲᱻɸȥ
ҶСҲ˲ö룬㿪ʼùϰҶСһеʱ㵱ùǽժȡһεһҲʮ֣ͬĻɬѶǵҶС񿴹֮һطԼµöȻԿȫ˵ַ̺еĵȴһģνͬһԴߵ·ǱʽͬɡﾡܻɬڱˣһϰԴǸӻɬѶʱҶС˵ȴҲûôˡֹ໥ӡ֤ҶСҲֿʱȻд˸ſҶСժ¼ʼϰϰ֮ʱҶСȻѾ˳˽⣬ͿںϰĿյ֮ȥһҲʡȥ๦
ҶСǽޣ֮ʱȥϰǽֹ֮ǿ϶ܹصģҶСҲʱ䲻ֻ͵͵͵ˡȻֻҪʱ㹻ҶСǻȥԼϰ͸ģϾΪԵһֱԽֹ֮˽Ҳǲ٣ϰЩǳ֮ӦҲѡһҶСҪϰҲǿ֮֮֮ˡʱ䣬ƽϰһ
֮֮ҶС˵֣ϾȻԵһѡıǰ벿֮طͨģҶСҲֵ졣Ψ֮ͬлҪ㽫в϶Ƴض״ͬʱлҪһķַȵȣٽһͬϵһγرķؼһڶ״ͷĿƣһǶڻ򡢲İա

ҶСҲʴӱ֮Ļڵʱ֮еҪƳһҶСһۿԼⷨЩЦⷨһ˺һεĵⷨǱģһѰũҳõĳͷȻˣҶС񵹻ҪȥһǷϸ
ߵ¥֮һС֮£µῪѼ£㷨˿俪ѺСҶ֮ϾӨӨˮᡣϸϸ۲֮£С˾ȻʼһƬѿһͷǳˡ
ҶС׼ϰıΪصķ֮֮ԭʮʢеһΪ̫£Խǵ˺ڶ˵ҪԽߣȻ˸߲ʮǿ󣬵ǵȴҲûжкܸߵ衣Щͽʿ޸޷֮ʱЩõķõĻѡ
ǰԡһ⼴Ƿī졣
νС֣֮͡һʶɣνġһ⼴ǷؾΪӡȻӣҶС֮⺺ȴҲֻǹؾصȥǺҲ˵ʼڻ֮ǰҪ󣬵һҪ˼˱ʣʹ±񣻵ڶǻ֮ʱҪضĶϣ䲻֮ͬڷ֮ںܣȴֲǱԪһҪԼһȥǺԢ⣬ܸܡ֮򵥵ɰֽܴܣɲЩ֮˶Щ˵δˡġ
ڻ֮ʱи硰ͷšȵϸڱǲһ㡣ҶСǸҪһϵķʱ⡣һ£һ¡ȴ⻭ȻաҵһԣȻɹתӷ֮һƣҶС˼Ʈһ֣ɢȥҲɻҶСУһǷ֮ϵķȻ˲١
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ǣڵڶգһҶСߣֳֹС˱㱻Ƴ֮ʿʶҪҲʮǿ󣬿ܵһʿһڿĵȼҪβٿҪʿԿ֮İճ̶ˣԿİգҪ㹻ǿʶſԡ
ҶС͵ȼСȻǴ´࣬ܲϸǱҶСܼܰҵ˼ϸ΢һ̻꾧ʶҶСǿԲЩ΢ʱȥǿ֮ǿС˱ҶСĿ»̽˼Ȧ֮󣬱㿪ʼûһᣬѾܹжˡܵһ֮أҶС˼һС˱ʮһȻһգԵһһ㳯Զһͻʯȥ
䣡
ʯ飡ԭҶСֻ뿴ܷ䵽Ǹ̶ѣȴһ½ʯ顣˿СܵһǽһЩΪԲʿΣա
ʱ䣬ҶСְǽ֮ҲһϰһǰӴĶϹŴ󣬻Ϊʵ̫࣬ʱһӴЩײĻֹ֮ûʲôѶȣ˳˳ˮСձѾ㶨
һöҪĵҩԱڽȻ֮ǹ˵Ҳ޷óǷᣬԸɴԼһš


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һҲʮգҶСȻ֮ᵽ˰Ҫáժ¼ЩĿյﷴȻࡣʱһЩҲԼôѣʱ仹฻ࡣ
ʵҶС˿̵ҪҲྭȻδӴûа취߽ݾķ֮һºķ졣˵ʳЩȫҪи²еġ
ΣҶСȴڱһ²ɵʮʹﵽҪһɣҶС⼸֮ȥ̡
ʱ仹ûСˣһҶСǳһ֮ǰƻģҶС˵ҲӦҪи²֮е񣬾ʷǷֻҲӦöʮϣʮ϶ǲġһʱҶСʮһȴòҪĶҶСǾҪͲòͽˡʱΪѵҶСһԵȻҶСռ֮ʱͶοҲҪɱɱ硣׻˵ϸϵĲʵݰĵ϶ҶСͽܣֻǹҲһҪԹԷ
ҶСԼƵĶһݰǰʩ񹧾ѾҪѶƺˣǰӡ
ݰоȣѵԼˣȴƫƫƺںһ㣬һģñӺ˵ʮղ֪ѶˣɽȥȿȣȻ˵㣬ǻܼ֣ɼο㡣
ҶСһЦصɽһһľǰգɽǰĻ᲻֪ġǰӡ
ΣҶСһУСͷ¶ɫ
ǰָ̣
ã㣬Ϊ
ǰߣҲĪܼδ֪ߣҲϣ˴һߣҲߣҲ֮֮Ȼ֮ǰ֮֮˰ϲѰȣ书ǽһ˳Ӧȴ˳ӦǲΪ
ҶСԴ֮в̾˼Ҳ˿Ҳ̲סһ㣬ԵĲΪǺ
ѰνΪţȴΪ죬֮֮֮ˣ֮ô֮ں֣ν֮ٿݣ֮У֮֮֮֮ɣص֮ǵô˵֮컯ԵءҶС˵ʵ˵ЩǷŵ棬ԻᱻǴ治֮ԡ
ãͷ̲סлϲЦ²ʮ֣ҶСȴܴʮ֮֮࣬ԷǷԴɣһСɽ壬Ϊܹ̺֮֮ǰͽܾ츳ԽܷҪ󣬵ȴʵڽܲҸɽûݰǸ鷳ˣҪͷʼ̸ͽý̡
ҶСǳһӴҲһʱ޷򣬵Ϊµһޡһ͸ҲʲôܲˡҾĶ̶ʮ֣ҶСµҲвٰ
ݰǸˡǸˣҲһҶСзǳҪ塣νɲ飬ҲյʹȻ
ʵҶСһ֮ʱݰ۹һɨȻƵҩ֮࿴˸ʹҶС֮Ҳδ̫ϸ̽ҶС⼸ɨһֻۣĿͣҶСƵĵҩ֮ϣ˾䣺Ҳöҩԣ඼ֻǿ񡭡
ʱһʿֻʿƣȴһϲɫֻһҶСƵǸĿСˡ
ʿƺ̫ϲãȫδҶСݰ˵һ㣬嵽ݰǰʩһ񣬹ǰҪƵĿѾ󹦸ɣ顣
һ֪ʿҲҶСһǰʦ֮ˡҶСеΪֻһܣһǿܡǽơȵȡ
ݰǶððʧʧӲ⣬ǿƣģҲδ߳ǿһҶСƤһʿ˵˾䣺һ°ɡ
ǣǰ
ʿϹϾӦһһ䣬ʶһ˿ע뵽˿С֮С䶼ʩչõĸֶΣһ㹻ҲǿʡȥЩġҶСΪʶǿڵһβٿС֮ʱҲֻѣҪȥʲô䡣
˺һ̲һѵĿСڿʼ΢΢һ£Ȼڿʼ
ǰСڿʼડડવŤŤĵ·ȻǿСҲһʿȴδÿС˳һ˼

ֻǿСûȦ̱ڵءʿȴûʧɫһϲɫƺʲôصĴһ㡣ʿСƵܹǿٿأ˲Ҳһҵʱ䡣ǰѰ׼ܹﵽ׼Ȼǻţֻһµʱ䣬ȷʵѾˡǰһı׼ûҶСҲ㣬Ͼ˵ڶʿܹ֮һѾǲˡһҶСԱȣ˾Եòࡣ
һᣬҶСףԭҪ˵ĺһ̶Ա˵Ҫǳ޺͸⣬ٻҪһŹų̶ȲʸʱźȻݰ֮ʱɫ̺塣ԭǵſҶСܣﲻҪʱȴȫݰԤϣֻǲʱͽЩȫɡ
ʿȻòǰѿƳˣݰֿ˼󣬱㱻򷢻ȥȥˡ
һ£̿ҶСҲ֪ԼѣɿڨڨһЦҶСöҩһ˵ζСһ
ҶСͷģԼҲ̵ѣҶСĵҲһ񾢡ҪԼѿҶСƫҪԼΪԶˡƵЩ棬öΪҶСԼʵûʲôرŻȱ˵ǿ⣬༸ҶСǿԱ֤ȱǿϲ١ǵҩǿԴۿͬΪҶС֮һЩҲûʲôر𡣵ȴǲͲ֪Чġ
֪ǰܷҲչʾһԼƵС⣿ҶСһ䣬˵Ѿʼչʾ
˫Ŀ˸ǷƮһ㻯һơת˲ԽԽǿһ㽵һưôꡣ
˵ǿ񡭡ʶٴ죬ûƺðɣ
ݰҶСķһ䡣ûκζƾһθĤθ֮⡣
ҶС֮ȴҲݰֻǼʩ㿴з֮еȱݵ𾪵ȻݰΪϲûһ˿ԪӤʿļӣΪȴǼٵġҶСڻƺڷ֮Ĵ֮ʱȷǳôһٴ죬ʱԼδԸоõġûһƣԼ֪Ϊ˵ͬӦϸ꣬ڱưһ㣬ȻҲˣʵʲȴʵǲС


һһ ͨ
ڲ˷֮Ȼģ͡ĳͷȻʵҶСɵĶѾԶӦʿҲԶݰԤڡݰȴһ仰̶ֱ̼ҶСƹ֮еĲ֮һָȴҲҶСԭһĸôһƽһֱͬʿ֮ǿƣҶС֪֮дһǫѷ͵ЩֱڱݰһԼδֵȱ㣬ԼöࡣȻһЩͬʿĶս֮Լռ˲ƣѱԺûԼһи֮ˣԼǿһ֮ˡ˵ԶģԼǸСʦܺҶС꣬ԻҶСһ㡣
ҶСܹ˶ݵʱóЩ֮ǰĻۡ緲漰ƵֻõƵʿǿһõʶģעǷܵȵȣΪʶǿ󣬶ʡȥ˲鷳ܹ˶ʱڳЩԼ⣬ȴǰĺôһЩҶС֮ǰеһԽҲʧӰ١ڣԼø
ڣֻʣһСˡҶСȻӿԼûԸȴûšԼģ˺ϲ١ڲ磬ڲֻ֮ҪԸȥŬȥȻҲڱˡ
ȴȴδȥʲô䣬ͼ÷ںľ֮ϵĿС˺һһԾ˸ͷ䵽˵档ϹСϳ֧ҶСĲٿ֮趯ȭҶСʶǿټСܱ˵ĶЩϣĲٿؿȻڻ¡ȻСܲ˸ߣȴҲȭȻһ֮ԶԶǰʿĿСǰ˿ż
ֻÿСƬ̣һշϰ˽С֮ͤͻһǣ̤Ծڰ֮в֪ʱǿСѾȡ±Ϲ乭һСҲ¡ҶС˼һ֧ȻһСĿǰһͻʯ
䣡
ȻһʯӦ飬СδͣЪȻǰȥʯһ飬ҶСܵǰʯ֮һ󡣺ư֮ƽ׵˼һ㡣һҶСĵ⣬ĳνƱȥŻеΡһСһȥ˼ơ⵹СôǿԺƣΪƲδ𣬶ǿ鱻еʯڰˡҶСһµ֮٣ȻӴ࣬·ȴǲѰʿҶСҲ֪ٸҶСЩ鷳
ףݰȴǺδԼػҩĽƱƻֻһʯ
֮ǰȻݰо棬ȴϱһ۵ɫ֮ǰܲٿʵжҶСʶǿЩ˽⣬ҲԤСһΪ档˵ܾҶСƵٺãҲֻܴﵽѰ׽ߵľ硣һչʾȴԿʯǼ֮ϻеʹôʯԾδͣѾСӦеʵƣҲﲻ磡
Ҫ֪ݰȻΪԪӤڣԪӤȴȫܵԪӤڣԸ漰ǽֹ֮֮֮ȵȣרʿġݰ츳ѧĲӣѾǷʿˡ
ģֻݰɫҶСһ֪ô£ֻԼƻǽۣǵݰĵȴֻݰһУҶСǿС˱㵽ݰͬʱ䣬ǿСˣݰһصҶС޽֮ûɣ
ǰԣ
ǰɽӴ֮ݰʵ벻ͨΪӿַݹжóҶСԿ֮ǵһνӴǸղһȴרְϰ֮ʿܴﵽġ
ҶСݰɫͻ䲢ΪԼٵķۡȻ²⵽ܿԼƵĿСЩϵʵǵһƿܣ֮֮ǰҲδӴ
֡ݰԼ֮ӨӨһ⣬ֱСȥһ̽㷢֮еĲƺһЩԼҶСĲͬҶСʲôԼȻΪ㿪ʵ֮ʱʲô
ҶСʱݰΪԼһʱ𣬼˵̻꾧ԭǰδӴܣȻ֪̻꾧ܵӰж˼Ƭ̺󣬳ŴǰһЩ̻꾧һʱ֮ʱһ㡣
ʲô̻꾧ݰЩ˵˵̻꾧ɻʣࣿҿ
ݰһ촦֮ȻðʧҪó̻꾧֮ҶС˼ȻлɣǼȻѱҲءһ֣֮бСĴָ״Сɫʯ˵ǰĿ
ݰĿ˸СĴҶС֮һö̻꾧ú˵Ȼ̻꾧ڿ֮ϵ費רְʦȻֵֻҪԹƳһƽΪĿܣʮɷĿܣݰΪѧӣԼֹ֮֮ͨȵȣƿʱƳĿҲҪѰĿʦԼƵǿ١̻꾧ôٴĵرƳһƽΪǿĿܣ
ݰĿ˸ҶСҲ֪ʲô˵ʵҶСʱҲݰ⣬ͻȻҪɱڡ⿴Ҳ֪ݰôóⶫж塣ȴֻݰ֮ͻȻϲŭ󶯣
ĺҶСŭܼӣ̻꾧
ҶСһݰɫת䣬ĵһ׼ȴδݰȴֻһ䣬ŷ
ݰԼǬȡһСţҶСóеһֻԴһɫʯһҲ̻꾧ҶСû뵽ݰҲⶫȴݰ˵֪֪Ϊҵ˶ôһСţұڵϲ׷ʮ꣡
ҶС˵ⶫΪϡǱϾⶫ̫ˣҲʲôϡһֱûԼȥӴʲô֮ҲȥȡЩԼ֮ˣһʱ𣬲ŪһŵСصõʱֻ֪̻꾧Կвٺôֵȴǲ֪ǰϲǰǡ
棿ݰһдϲȻ̻꾧Ҳǲ㻹ҶСģֻĸԸ͸Լʡȥ鷳ȻҪʲôҶС񻻵ġ
Ȼ棡ѵǰϲҲûʲôá
ٺ٣⵹ǣݰϲãҶСմӦ͸̻꾧ǰ֣ҿСһ㡣һŷԼֺЩ̫ãͻȻɫһһ˵ǰĲֻǿͨﻹԼϣȻΪͽһƬϣҾΪɣ˵ҲҶСش𣬱ָֻһϲģ̻꾧ûꡣ


һĶ ޿
ͽʦҶС±ݵ
˰ˣʦʲôľˡݰҶСҪаʦæֹ˵׸ҶСһöϾȥúϰвң
ҶСӹתˡҪ뿪ͱݰסֶһеһºҪ㣡޵ǽ֮⣬㻹ѡһΪޣ⼸ҪѡʲôʱɴҿɲǸŮ˿˵ʱ˴ʱѡĸ޷Ϊ޷ͨȶ
⡭ҶСҪƴǣ˼һºȴǻصǣʦ
ȥɣ

ݰƺͿȴϸġҶСùʶһ̽лָһرס֮лر˵ҶСȡɽ֮ɽ֮ȻǱؿɼҩˣЩĺϾȻֻ˵Щȴδ˵ƽ⡣ݰԸ֮Ȼ˽ƾãƲ˾Ͳˡ
ָ֮סҶСźԼðʧνƲ©Լʱ˴⣬ڿ̻֮꾧ݰΪôῴҵݰΪ˲ʲô֮ˣҶС̻꾧Ѿ⣬δ׷󡣲Ȼǻ˱ˣ˵סͻҶСǷ˽أܻ׷̻꾧ԴãҶСҲ֮ҲֻԼԺĪҪ˴⣬ٷ󡣲ٶ룬㿪ʼϰ֮еϾ
һϸŷϾȻֻһֻ֣һֿνᣬḻÿһֶɶ֡ǧ֣ʷҲֽĹҶС񻹵ݰǸСͷԴ⹦Ҳӱ𴦵ģҺпͬϹŴµġҶСϰ֮ʱȥк֮⣬ĥݰ˵ģֻҪƳļ֮ɽǼΪáҶС֮ǰľ飬˵ӦþҪǼյ
ݰԵҪҶСһŸ޷ţʵҶСһֱȤģһǷ֮һǿ֮Ϊߴϻ꾧ҷ֮־δרޣֻҪ㹻ʯҲԹһЩȵֲԵҲû̫Ҫȥר޵ıҪҲδ̫࣬ҶСѡ˿֮֮ҪʿƵļҪвٿؿܵٿؿܵҪԿ֮ˣѰʿδ֮ܿһЩ򵥵ĿܷЩƷ׵Ŀȴǲܽٿص̫õġ

֮ҶСݰǰ
ѡˣݰҶСʵ
ǵģʦҶСصΪûйʲôʦ֮֮࣬ʶݰãΪвڸĿڽʦҶСʵʵЩŤͽѾ޿֮
֮ҲãɴỹЩʱգʳտ֮ӦҲû⡣˵꣬ݰͳһö׸ҶС˵δʦ˷ݴϻ꾧ǰԼѼģ㹻һϼѵĿˡʦͽƣȻǳȴҲȥҪͽܵģⴢ֮һƷܣӿȥúϰӦԾɴᡣһԿڽ֮ʱƵ۷֮ĪҪСöϻ꾧ҿƸӵĿܣһԿǲġԿѾĨȥʶȥԳ֮ٿˡǳɶԣҪȫȻҪֻܹٿ˶̵ʱ䣬ٿһѾǲˡһֻܵҪӦɴӦòˡ
ھɴ᲻£ҶСҪھɴʹÿ֮ȷûʱԼȥƿˣѲµݰ͸ܣֱҲûݰὫԼʹõĿɽһҲǷƷҿԶȷɽҪϡٵĶ࣬ƷǳɶԵĿܾ͸ԵһЩˡ
ӹǬҶСæллʦ
ЩǼˡӦûϻ꾧㲻õģΪʦȻϲȴҲ̰֮ˡѡ˱ķţΪʦԸ߼㹺Щϻ꾧ǼȻѡ˿֮Щϻ꾧ҲͬشΪʦҲٶϲ֮ˣΪöϻ꾧ı꣬ΪʦӦΪһϼѿܡȻҪԼ˿ܲϡ
ҶСݰ˵ӦΪԼƿܣȻҲǸˣʵȴҲδ̫˷ܣм֮֮ࡣΪ֮ǰݰûʲôţȻǱݰԸȻĽѡҪ֪ȻݰֻԪӤڣȵһصķϵȴѾǲһЩʿˮƽˡ֣شӦæƣȻֻҪвϣǷ϶ҲƵġҪ֪һļƷɽȵһпҪƼʮܳɹġݰɽŽǿΪƽ̫֮ԭܹöݰֵģӶ֣ǸĶ
ȻʱݰŵԣպȴΪŵԵǷѾ˾ڲѡ
£ݰҶСδߣʵ
ʦǽķʦδ֪ӣҶСص˵Ŀġκջǵòӣڴ˶ֻ˷ʱ䡣
ŶԭϾͨ͸Ȼᶮȥĺ֮ˣ㵹ǲصģֻҪרϰǡΨǻԪĵĲϼѴ룬һԪĵƷײͣɹҲӦĺܵͣǲ㻹ֻ׼һݣҪ㹻ö׼ǡ˵꣬ݰȡһöһеü˼һ˲׸ҶС˵ƻԪĵ֮ˡоΪʦﶼѱУ㵽ʱҪǡȴΨǷҡ¥ʯ֬ζҾû취ˣֻԼȥˣҵҲ֮˵ȥԼȥǡ
ҶСС㿪ʼϰ֮ݰ˵ζȴǴδ˵ǹҲµõȻ׵֮
صסҶСóӡлԪĵ֮ʶһ룬Ƭ̱㽫֮С֪ݰһ˵Ѿ󲿷ԭϡ壬Ϊǳݰûеλ⣬ĲÿһҲǼֵ֮κһҶСԼȥȡ֮£˶ϴһԪĵƷȻҲǼߣȻѾǴﵽƷҩľ硣ƷҩѾǶԷʿĪõĵҩˡҵҩһƷѾҩ磬ÿÿƳһöΪ֮ɫһЩ١ѹݰҶСһҪ׼ϡ
ζϣҡ¥ʯ֬ȻݰԼûУҲֶҶС벻һξɴͷȱٵķҡԿ֮ʱЩɣݰûҡΪ˴̼ҶСȫɴ˵ġǲΣݰҶСİ治СҶСȻ㡣ңöҡ־ڱصã


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ɴǷ֣һֱΧЩòЩСɻɢޣɲ룬˭˭ռݵԷսһʤռݶԷӵеȻսҪͨɣɵſʽսġ
ԭݰԪӤʿֻռһɽ壬ǲ˸սģһƺǲΪ֮ƺѾ׼սݰСɽˡݰ˽Ҳ֪ڸûһͽܣսڵɽûʲôաвںҲպݰ鷳
ɴս֮һֱȶǲɵűȶĴֻԪӤڲſԳʦģڱȶҪԽʿáɴԼһΣʢ¡س̶ȲԶǵڱȶҲԶԶǵʱʿȶΪССܱģ佱ȻҲǼΪ񡣶ΪԲɵۺʵʾƣűȶ֮ʱҲռĽʿ롣ЩҪ˼ĶЩССɻ߸ɴɢޣµܱȵùɾϸѡŵӣȻ˵ǽӱܹȡεʷҲСҷȡùεʿƺҲȥԭɣΪɵˡһǾΧʿ޷ȡ֣һпȡεʿǷɵűȶҲһ
ݰͻȻ֮ͽܣΪľӦһֵսǵڶֵĲűȶҶСԼԸˡȻǷҡΪҶСҲǴҪμӡ
ҶСʵȶȻ̫ĵģҪΪݰͽܣݰȴҪҶСʹôѧķӦȶʵݰھɴ֮ǰĵͽܣʱӦԱȶѾսɵȨˡԭʹˣҲûʲôرʾǱ˸ΪӦɴʱӦ֪ˣ뵱ͻֹʸ񡣲һֻ۱һֻۣݰȴҲ̫˿⣬ԻҪҶСֻÿ֮ȻҶСǲμӵűȶͲˡ
ȻѾ֪˷ҡ䣬ҶСʱҲٶֻǰݰСɽס¡һһһϰ֮ɲѰСɣڴ˴εűȶ֮ʿȻ٣ҶСҲҪȡͷӮǷҡ
ϾֻаֵЩҶСˣ֮ǰݰֻʮֵ֣ʵĶ⹦йȥˡʵݰԭͼֻոͽܣһЩеӦһ¾ɴᡣֱҶС񣬲츳׿ҶҲΪͬԲͽ˼ˣŻ
ҶС֮ǰĻǵӦ֣ȻٶȲ죬ȴҲδ̫֮ΪʱޣÿÿԼһʱ޷֮ȥݰһָ㣬ҶСν½ھɴ֮ǰҪȫӦò⡣
ڼ䣬ҶСҲһʱѯʹݰΪλķ˶ľȥѧôĲӷšһʱ䣬ҶСݰ˽ҲȻҲ֪βɵݰʦ㣬Ҿ˵ʦ츳ݰԼ˲ɣŵλþˡңݰڵĳɾչʾ츳רһ˵ʱҲѽ׵˷ڡҶСʳ˶棬ݰȴǹһЦδشҶСֻȥϸϸϰ
ɻҶСϰ֮ʱҲиע⡣ȻϾ֮ʱͻȻԭݰǴĳһӡ֤е⡣ǧ;ͬ顣ݰߵ·ѾеʿͬȻΪʦ㣬ܼȥڵĻⷧһͻƣɾͱȻ͡ʵĳ̶ֳϣҶСߵ·ЩΪݰûҶСͬʱ塢ĹԱֻĹ֮оȥԡĳһ֮һ̡֮һЩӵķȫͨںΪһֻ֪֮ǣҲҪľֵܷһˡϾǵԪӤڣԪƣڵĴȥ
ȻҶС׵ĻݰԼִĵִǧĶҲв˽ԼĵʵҵݰֵıԼġҡȻһ㺬Ҫɿ뿪ˣҲҪڲɵɽ֮ǰΪľгһԼҪǸ˶ԼĲǰͻ˶֪ļֲǴģ
Ȼݰܹ˶ķŻܴﵽĳɾͣҶСڶศһſ֮ӦöΪӰҲ̫󡣸ΪҪǣ֮һϰͨ͸֮󣬶ҶСպսȴмİǰ漸ʮҶС񴦴˴ѹʱܹһֱսкǿ
ʵҶСʵиܼ򵥵Ŀ֮Ȼ޽ȴһֱδɽھɽɽʵȻһȴΪڼ̫ĸ߽ʿɼӰ죬ʹ۹ҲǼߡһֱûпʣܹΪɽķɽȻɽҶСԼΪȽףǱϾٻǻڷɽʡҶСɲ˷һεĻᡣ
˵רޣʵ֮ĲպıϵĲ졣޷֮պ۳һöǿԽƳԼķһ㣬ӵбԼΪǿΪ޵ĻȻҲӦЩţ֮ȴǻһЩ޴˷ʿġȻĴСҲԵģǾԡݰ˶ķţÿһŵĳɾǲͬרʿ

һգһͷһ֮һҶ¿СԻɣһٶȺݼĵͽޣƽС֮Ҳм޵ٶܸϵ
ǹСԵвٺôʱͼǵһСһ߲ʱĴΧǱʲôɵĶһ㡣
øһͷȥСʱͻǰһĨӰһ˫֮һһֻ˳ǿĴ֮ϡ͵ţһ±ƵһܳһܾǼʮԶ
ɾڵøոմܳһ˲ڵԭ֮һĨӰֻǰӰವһɳһ籡ǰ俴ᱡһȴƱעϾٶȼ죬ֱǵòȥ
ֻһ֮һӰɹõٶȿ죬ٶȸ죬ľҲڷɿšƹɽʯǰӰ׷ϵã籱Եһ˵ãһһһʶϣһ±㽫ò˸ʵ
ǰ籲֮вţͼԶһɫʿһ˵ǰʿЦݣһУһݼһѩ׵ŮƮȻǰ
ʿȻݰѧϰͿ֮ҶСˡٿŮӣҲ΢Ц΢Цȴ˵ġϸȥݼŮӾǻˣһܣ
һҶССϵϰſܵĸþͱҶСѡϵݺٶ֮֮ǰֳĽͻҲΪ֮ǰҶСδŶɵġ


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ھɴȻ£ҶСԿ֮ҲԽԱ㿪ʼɽеĸΪòܵĿ죬ҼΪ֮ܶвܶٶȶʱ任Լ׽Ȼ֮ǰҲ׽ΣǽջҶСһڲƬ֮׽˵á
ҶСû뵽ݰһԿܵǡһԡһһݼΪòŮӣһһĿǿ׳ӡһԿĶΪ棬Ǿȥᵱˡ
ʤѩŮӿֳֵһ籣ҲԭҲһѾͿںΪһرֻҪ˿ܾʹˡ籿ɹأһʱֻǧ˿һϸ緢˿Ө˿ߣÿһ˿߶ޱȣԿɽʯҲ۳ɸ״и벻ôνһǿܱҲΪǿҶССĵ̼ܲκηҲԿסһû˿ˡԴҲ֮ﱾɲƷĲƶͳ̶Ҳǿ֪ġ
ӿ㣬޴һ齡׳⡣ŮӿܵݺŮһͬӿܵݾԵƽһЩüĿ֮ҶСԼǻҶСߵСͷݰмơӿֳһľݣֳһֱìҶСȻҲѾǿģҲ֪͹ΪԱѡ;㷺ŮӿܡֻǼ򵥲һ£Ҳ˽⵽ӿܵҶС񲻶ʹìֻԼĹ潣ٿؼ£Ҳܵõ趯֮гìԣ̡ɨǷ
ʱȣҶСҲֻϰһܡӿƺȽϵһҶСҲǳں棬ѡŮӿܡ
ͬĹĻǲġҶСڲٿؿܣ㲻һ⣬еҲֻż趯֮ʱľҲһɫˣĹתص㣬ϾͻᾡֹʿԼɢҲɢ΢תҲ֮ҶСϰϾֳΪԵҲˣͬʱ俴ľת֮ʱõҲ͡Ҳˣо¾֮ҶСӦþܹӵˡӡĺصʱҪȥ
˼һŮӿܱһУƻһİѰٻصСһ»ɣվ𣬺ǷŭģĶŮӿ˻˻֮ʧ֮СҪٿܷ㹻ѣֻҪע㹻ɣҪͬһȴѵġˣҶСɲãҲڿ֮Снˡ
һʮգҶСȻϾĲ࣬һֱûûҹĲܡͬѰһ㳢ߡܡȵȣǿʼֶһЩ·ȥϤϵÿһϸڵĲٿءٺС֮еĸΪĿ꣬ܵʵսЧɽսǿĲ٣ʮҶСµĵҲǲ٣һ¿ܣͷܣԶ֮ǰǰ㻹Ҫҫһû޿ɴҶС㿪ʼɽеĽΪ֡ƽһ־ǶýƵ֮ƽ⡣һ־ǿнȥҶСҪܣѡȻƽˡǣʱɽдһ졣ҶСⴥ˽ƣÿȥǿҲʱŷŮӿܵİ籲ǿֽ⿪֮ЩӨϸ˿ǿÿһԻȸ뻹Ĵ̴κ֮ƽ֮ʱ籷ֽδǧϸ˿һϵĳŽĹִȥƬ֮㽫ƴơ
ҶСŮӿܵĲٿزǹǷƶǵӦ֣Ȼûﵽָʹĳ̶ȣҲһɲٿתˡɴỹʮգҶСȥϰŮҲ̫Դӽ쿪ʼҪϰӿˡ
ҶС˿ܻصס֮ʱͼԶһͷСֱܵǰǿС޿ԣݰмַŭ˵պϰ֮ʱңĪҪɽ徲
ԭݰĴܡݰѧӣҲǸֶУʱһֻСС޶пͻȻҶСǰԣʱֽ֮࣬ҲʱֱһֱӷҶСǰ˼һ̽ݰҪҶС˵ĻݰȻֻҶСһͽܣǰҲǽ̹ͽܡȻϲͽô鷳ҶСʡ£ûʹεͽܻûżǻҶСһЩָ㡣֮ǰθҶС㶼ҶСʱһЩ·ߴ֮ȴǲһˣ֮ǰҶСƻ˲ٽƣƻָ֮СˡС֮Ŀ޸ơƿÿܼ޸ɽЩţһʱᶼõġ
ݰ˴λͻȻЩΪԭӦõڸõʵϼϼΪҶСķھȻûöرķʽ֮⿵ζѣݰΪ̰ͼڸ֮ϲ֮꣬ȴΪҶСֵû㲻ûҪϺüꡣˣǰҶСΪӵݰ̲ס˵С
ǡݰʱҶСҲոմϰһܡЩһЩСɻ󣬼ȻݰҲԼȥһ£ⲻ࣬ȴһЩ֮ĸܡӡ֤ԼһЩҪǷȷ

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ҶСԶԶ밲
ٲҲҪȥˣ
ݰĿ֮мֲʱĽűҶСոշſֻáҶСݰ˶㣬͵͵̽ͷҶС
ɽеҲ֪ݰǴӺδѼǲ͵ģССþȻ֪ܵݰ״
ҶСȴֻڨڨһЦû뵽ݰɽںҶСûмӺ֮⣬ֻ֮ˣȴݰҲصԺȥЩޱˡ
˵գҶС㶪˿ݸģĶǵáСҲ֪ݰҶС񲻸Ҷôһһסǲݸջܹȥݸݸ֮ǰǵõС
ҶաǸݰһ±ϳƷ֡Ȼɽв٣ƽЩȴҲֻǸЩСûһҰԵġȴҶСû죬ֲرƣͶˡ޵ȵֱʳöвСôҶιӡݰҪȴͻȻԼ˵ɽеҩݶҶСժҲǿѹסе΢ŭȥȴһɫͰ͵Ŀŵϵÿյĸ˵֪áɽ޶Ҿѱȥ伸ҰԣһֵãɽмȮ˵ǽеһԷἦβԵβҲɭ־ܸҧ˸
ݰҶСΪһһһ֮󣬲ͣ¿ɫ˵֮ϵĽС֮ǰľһʹպҵע⣡ĺ˵ǷἦպҪ׽һԻ
ݰһĻģвҪйڸҶСԹһ֮ɫҲǺᵽ֮£ǶҶСΪ⡣
ӽʦ׻СССҶСипݰԪӤʿȷʱɢһͯƢЩӽӴҲóݰǶû˿֮ģҲԼͽܡֿڵӽһʦҪʦ֮̿һЩˡ


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ʲôģ˵ɣݰҶСģãҶСҲ
˵ʣʵҶСûʲôѽ˵⣬ݰҪӡ֤һЩԼܡϾһԿʹùģеʹᡢҶСЩ쳣ǱӦˡҶڿܵһЩҲҪݰֽһ£ϾʱֻһԿܣ֮жܲûʲôܡŮӿܵԻҶСԼʱʣ¼죬ٿԼ¾ӿˣԸɴݰ
˵ص֮ҶС֮ʱ˵еһɻ󣺡ʦԿܷҲЩ档֪ʦܹ֪һԿܵΪΣ
ܵ˵ܵݰͻȻɫЩ΢䣬Щڻʲôһ㣬һϴЩͷĿ˵ܲģʲôرһԿҲûʲô֡һԿܣ
ݰȻΪߣûʲôĻˡҶСһҲ֪˵һԿܵƷɫѾԶҶСݰ˽⵽ͬ׿ܣ˵жаĿŵȵȵ˾ġΪһƷһĹߣںʵսɣҪôʲôáصǵ֪ˡȻû֣Ӿ͸ȡʦְɣ
㣡ݰڰ֣ȥҶС
һʱԼݰ̣ҶСʱиĶࡣԿ֮Ҳвµᡣ⣬ٶʩһȥһԿѾƷƷҲǲģҪ˵ûֶȻǲܵġҲ˵ӿܣŮӿƺܡ
صסȡ߿ܣҶСǰпܿʣʯŮòԼ˿˵ǿܣ˵ǾϸƷ
ʯ˿񡭡ͽʯ˿ˣ
ʯ˿ҶС߿ܣӴ˱µ֡

ʮղת˲ţһתۣѾǾɴ֮ա
ҶСһʱڿ֮ŷɿٶȾÿһնǰŽȻͬı仯վʱ̫̣ٿ죬ʯ˿һԿҲֻǳ似ȻһԿܣڻֻֻߵĿʹã弼ǲ
Կ֮ĽҲǳҶСԤϵģڲΪݰܹͬʱ˶ķˡԭ֮󻹻һôǶѧϰһ㣬ܿ򡣶ԴҶСʹݰõݰɫ˵Ȼ̽Щ΢µǧӣȴһһ̽ѧʲôף
ȻҶСҲԶѰġɽҪʦĽʿҶСľв°ˡЩ˾ûһܹȷʮֵժ¼
˵ǼٰʽҶСȻԿ֮СɣǱϾδʵս׵˳жʵԼҲݰҪ˵˵ʵڲҶСżʵӦҲᱻ˵Υ档ݰһѧӣҶСֻҪڱȶв¶⣬˵ݰڵķţҲûʲô˵ġ
ɴһȣвĴֳ֯Բض˵˵Щɼɣǵĸ߽ʿ㹻˿Ŀˡ
ҶСݰһ㿴һ޴Ĺ㳡Χһ̨Դŵĸ̨֮ʿһλλòŮޣԱߵʿޡʱ̸֪ʲôЦݡȻδʶ̽飬ǵ⼸˿δεĲ⼸ӦöзΪԭҶСڶ֮ʱһֱΪǷзʿǸ⣬ȴһ¾ͼλ
ݰҶСһ볡ҶСܵһѹȻӭͷѹһɵ޵ѹݰѹ˹ֱѹѹȵĸҶСѾδܹʱΪ֮ʱйΣȴѾ׵ڣȻָܵܡȻѹޣѹȴ˿ƺ⳯ݰģ֮Ϊͷѹ֮˲ñ˷ְˡ
ɽһѹӭͷѹ£ĽʿȻѹȵĴֱڵˣҵҶС֮ȻȴҲ治ɫ̧һ㿴ѹǰԶʿŮޣҶСû뵽һ볡͵õչˣıȶҲҪСЬɻݰôǷʿôݰʦѹȻԼҲʾ̧ͷĿ㳯ԶŮȥȻңԶҶСΪ˾ȥҲʲôһǰһ㡣ҪһҶС񾹷ǷŮ޵ģм죬һ㡣
ʱҶСв֪Ůޱǲɵˡԭ㣬ڼǰ׵˷ڣҲ˳ǰβӹ˲ɡԭݰСɽдúúõģͻȻ鷳Ҳˡ
ȴֻݰһߣҪͷѹסҶСȴҶСȻûܵǷʿѹӰһ㡣жҶСıֱΪ⣬ҶС̲ס䳯ǿ̨ϵķʿȥݰȴǺʲôδܵһ㣬һƲͳĿ̨ȥ
˷ֲݰҶСϵѹп̨ϵļλʿȴǿǼҲδʲôһ㣬治ɫĽ̸šֻü΢żֺĽݰҶСˡͷŵѹ֮£ݰӰ⣬ССʿȻҲûһ㵹Щˡ⣬ݰϵһôģ
ǱΣݰμʲӵľɴᣬԽҲҶСһ볡ʱѾʽĻƬ̣һ볡ܵ˲˵رչ⣬Ҳ˲ٵĿ⡣Ϊǧݰ״βμɴᣬ֮ǰǸͽҲŪòھ˽֪һȻĿҪ䵽ҶСϣڿݰ˸ʲôͽܡ
ҶСһֱҲδΪЩΪĶһۿҶСֻн𵤳ΪԭΪݰԪӤʿʦڣٻҸ𵤺ڵʿӦɴᣬȴֻ˸𵤳ڵģԤЩжҶСҲȻ˼ӡ
ΪԹԪӤʿλĴһɨֻһ䴦һλһϵһöȻš̡֡ԪӤʿǰΪλҲҪǰͷǿǰλáݰŵ˿Ϊ֮
ˣѾڿݰЦԪӤʿȴĩβԪӤʿҪĪ衣ҲмٵһΪݰЩ飬ԺܻҪݰ׷վݰкȴû˸ݰͬΪݰͷ˰ǲģʱҺݰкѾǸݰӣﻹΥɵ˼
ݰƺ˵ıԴֲкҲֻǰӦһߵԼλǰȴûе£һУһɫŴзɳ׹θһɵϷͻȻâǣ˵ǰһſݻΣ֮ϻһС֮ϻмȡʳơյݰҲͿ׼ǿθֳ֮ƯϷݰŲ㲽֮ϣֵ¡һԭĩλ˶һͷ˵ͷϳԺһĿˣȫﵱԼҺԺһģ


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ȳϣ˷ĿҲֻݰһˡƬ̣ҶСȻվڵϣĿ֮кһҶСҪҲһͬԾơ
ʦˣҶСȻҲܸӡӦһҲղ֮ϣߣʱĸݰƼвˡ־ɴ֮ῪʼҲδᡣ
괫¡صľɴῪַȻǲٵġڱ˿ԵÿƣǶҶСݰ˵ȴûʲôʲôо˴ʱȴһ˵ĳԾƣһ۵ݰΪ֣Ū˸δֵƯϷ˵ɴ̫֣ϣ֮˿ĽȫȻ⡣һƬӣǸ֮ȴһƬסݰ˷˿壬ݰҶСȻҲ޿֣ҲδʲôɵġΪϵԵʣҶСھݰʲô⣬Ҳ±ȥˡ
ݰţ˵ɵӣŲ˽ݰϸ˶ΪʮֲǵɵĵҪֹʱȴֱǵʦһݰɵԨԴ˲֪ɵһʿ֪һû˭ҲȥݰġԼˣֻҪҲȨûһ㣬дᡣ
֮󣬴ǰĸּȷϺ󣬲ڵսֱʱݰųȥ˸ϡ
⣬ŵһսݰڵСɽ塪Է塣˶ҶСһֱʱ֪С֡ѹƽʱûԭһԵ֣ڲɵĴǰȴҽСԡ֣˿ǺĴ治
֮˺븲Է壬µϳҶС뿪ΣݰһһԾ̨֮ϡ
ʱڳĹڿνɽ˺ܳϯϵģһЩ츳ʿʹ󲿷ֵĽʿƽն߸ϵĽʿҲѰˡϾԪӤʿв٣ƽտʮ궼Ѽķʿһ³λ
һֵսʵڶĲɸ֮ʵδ嶼˽⣬볬Խ˭ʵҲ̫֮£ʵս֮ҲûرࡣȻ̨гǧʿǱȶ̨ȴֻһ
ǧĿʱнǧƽ׵Ŀ̨ϵˡ
ҶСĶ澹ޡߴģһطɽһ̨һصѹȸС

𣬱ȶҲʽʼ
ŭ޾ƣͽ̣
ĸߴʿԱ֮󣬱ǣ䡣֮һŰѹǵصɢ˿ȥ
ͽ̣
ŭսԷ壬ƾŲɳ侮ʯҶСҲúԼҲø֪Էһ䣬гԼĿܡʯδѹ֮ݰǲͷųκ⡣ҶСһͼκƿԣò˿˶ΪҶСȻһ
ܡ
̨֮ϵһҶСٻʯڿĬĬ֮ĿתǴбڿݻ֮ϳԾƵСͷݰ
ŭŵ޾Ȼǽ𵤳ʿʵ֮ͬҲǳͣƴȶͬŵĽʦҲ֡ŻɵһɼԷдԼ䣬ԷȴֻһӦꡣбӿһŭ⣬Ҫͬǽ𵤳ڵҶСúóŭζתϷɽХһŭֱҶСնȥɾ䣬ƺƴ󡣲ǵһȫʩΪɽƾȻ˿ҶԨչֳʵ츳ȻΪȻҲǼΪʵ
ҶСʱҲһɽɽƺӵһ㣬ܵԷǿƸ٣ȻԼһ֮Ҫӭһ㡣ҶСͷһȻЩ΢Եķɽ΢΢һЦսв趯㣬ͰĿ֮ɣɽϹʿ֮ǧʱĥƷɽҲ֪ٿսĥһս⡣
һ䣬Ǹߴֳֶͣܣֳì΢΢ĽɫԺʯ͵һͻȻӿϾһ㡣һøؽ֮ΧһȦȦδкζֻҶСʶעʯΧһ硣ҲʯкζһӰҶСǰƯڰ֮Уסͣ޻ķɽ

һԴֳƵľ֮󣬱ʯ΢٣ϵĹӶƻǰǰֱϵĶֻһֻСԲܣҶСһע룬ǶƱûпһߣԼҡϲƽ²βΣµͻԵͣ㼹һʱǶǰһҵľγһ㻡εţԷķɽһöΧƺƴһɱʯ¡
Էжͼʯ΢΢һ࣬Ʊóһ϶ͬʱ֮䣬ֳìȻֻ̳ǳìͬΧųì۳һεĻţֱԷɽȥ

ԶܵâԳìȫǳìΧĻųìĴ̳˺ƽһ״һ±̴˷ɽΧŭ档ûɽԳı֮ȴֻĽʯ֮֮޾ڴķɽһһ֮ӲɳȥʱŴ泯תɻȥ
һµס˲ˡ޾ƵķɽΣмڳ߽ʿҶСǿȴϢ˿ûرƣ㽫浲סֽõɳȥҪľѵһܵһڽ޻Ҫǿ
̨˶һķӦݰȻٿȻҶСˣȴһģһӿܵԼΪҶСڶԿ֮գҲȫöƣֱӾԳìӭҲǿ׵סԷһġ
ҶС״Կ֮ӭУȻԼֻƾìӭҲɵ£ΪףԶƵס˷â
޾Ƶķɽ֮󣬲޾ٶȹҶСֻʯĳì˲ֽ޾Ƶķλ̳¡ûǷڵìɢĺȴҲ۳һÿÿ̳һ£һɫεķɳһ˲䣬ǵصĳ޾ƻȥ
޾Ƶķɽձɣ˳ٻصӭǵػ޴ɶ㣬ֻЩʵҲΪԵʣЩɢκ⣬ֻǼȫûΪ˷ޱȡʮ
䣡䣡䣡䡭
ĶԺ֮ϵ޾ȫֵֻǷɽ֮ûĻ治ϱɢ˲䣬нǧķɽ¡˻ٲֵƫǱ㿪ԶԶĺ䵽Զ̨֮ϡýҲһ
޾Ҳ벻ҶСһǿơǧÿһƺѰȻǵֵɽ֮۵ȴҲɢ˽롣ˣֻǱȶʼĵڶغϡ
ղһҶС˸֡ǧ滨ϰ֮ʱҶСһʩչʮΣÿһζнǧɢɳɲ滨俪ȥһҲͣΪòҪԷơҶСһҪֻסԷƬ̣ڶԷոյǧ滨һ̣ʯѾһ̤һȦӰȻһһֱǰ޾ơ
ոյһһ޾δüϢͼǰһӰܵһ˹


һ ˿
ʯȻ޾ǰδ˿ͣЪ˳Ʊ㽫гì̳һʯĳ֮ƣ侢ͷ֮пνʯĶȻɡֻìһ㺮һ㻮һۼ֮ԽֱһөĹûһĹԣֱ޾ɵ

ҫĿĺâ֮дһȻը֮֮󣬱㴫һͼôǹ֮һӰɳ˶ȻһӰûܵסʯһõɳȥ޾ơ⻹ҶС֣ɱһ¿޾ƾǲˡڣҶСҲδʯţұһӣǳìɴ̳ȥĿǷȥ޾ơ
ĪҶСϾɱһĻﶼšΪʱ޾Ѿǰעû˻֮ʱҶСȻ׷ôֻһˡ
޾ڵŭ˶סȻվͲҪ̨ҶСƴΪ޾Ʊ֮ʱ޾ҲһӦ棬ͬʱǳìҲѾСеĲ޾ǡǡҸ֮ǡǡҸ½顣ìѾ޾µذ֮Уìһһ
ìȥᣬô޳ûκơǴʱŭԼԾΪ޾Ƶʿȴɱһ㡣
ʤֱ֣ȶ֮˴ȵԷʤ
Է塱ûʲôر֣ƽվ֪ҲǴʱڲɵľɴ֮ϸ֣ȴԵø̡

Ҷѣ֪ǷҪϢҪϢǱȰȶ
֮˶ҶСʵΪԷӭսֻҶСһˣһֱӭսȻʧƽְҶСϢһʱ䣬ûָϳġ
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ҶСһδȫҪϢ֮ͬɱδƹȻݰҪֻÿ֮żӦҲ˵ʲô
Ǻã֮ҲóδĶ٣ָ˵һԷӭսǵǵʿ
֮˻һ䣬һӥХͼһŲµṲ̊һֻӥһȦͷɵ̨֮ϡֻӥſ࣬ǸȻÿÿһ±һ󾢷磬ý֮ʱõһɳʯ
ŮϳȶʼҲӦ
Ů´ӥɴ˵ǵĪЦͽ̣
˵ҲҶСҽܣߺһһӥХһͬʱʢһָҶСǴӥ˫һŵ⣬ֱҶСȥŮӵǸɴ࣬Ҫȷˡ֮ǰҶСıҲûоȫҲǸߴ͵ӿܿûʲôƣȴǲСһϳҪ뱻
ҶСȴûʲôرӦδʯȥӭһУʯͬʱ䣬˿ٻ˳ʯ˿궼ݰõĿܣһʿ˼һԿܡЩ½ĽʿȴǻδԼҶСٻһ¿ܣ˶ЩܵΡ
ӥδǰѾܵõľƵһи·ĵ档

ӥ͵̧ӣϷȥͬʱųһذһëֱҶСȥЩëȻ棬ʵȴʵ壬˽֮䱾뽣Ҳмơ
תۼЩذһźëʹ̵ǰҶСҲûʲôֻ˿ƮŲơҶСǰһתа籱һ·ɳ½˿ҶСסת֮УһλܣػҶС

ëлһȦȦΧҶСתİ֮ϡûб֮һЩЩ졣ΪԵʣ֮﹥ϵʱ򶼻ᱻһЩı֮졣
ոյëУǴӥҲʼӿи廯һΣֱҶСŮ޵ϴ֪ڱȶһֱҶС񣬶ҶС񲻵òʹܷϾЩʿһҪܶԷĿܺȥɱԷ
ӥ˿̤Ưգְֳһˣһ˵İ籴һ࿪ʼıԽԽ˿һ籱㻯תһ㣬ǰһӣСǰݿһǶŴӥķǴӥȻûа취ͷİһȦȦĳŴӥȥ
ŮҲ˿ΪȻͼҪӥסǴӥһΪģǴӥ籸סҲֹס֮ġţһȥҶСԼÿֵܵòŮģĿܾҪӥײ𡣵ʱ𣬾ǰ籽ӥסҲõġ
ӥȻۿסȴ˿ûмٻǸı䷽˼ٶȼǿʹôӥһɫԡ
ת˲ǰȻѴӥסǴӥҲ˿ֻзִ롣ʯ֮䣬ֻҪгɣ˿Ҫײ١
ȫڶΪҶС̫д֮ʱֻǰ͵һգһǴӥ쿪ʼһ㸿ס⸿סΪǴӥڼֳǰײȥңۿѾҪӴ˿ָ
һ̣˶Ŀɿڴ鷢ˡĿ֮£˿ûκ֮ͻȻһ࣬ѳŰ籵˳һӲĽǴӥĳı䣬ֻǱǴӥ˺˼ױӲֹס˴ӥȥơ⻹꣬ʱǰδɿֻ˿̤Ȼθ߷ǣŴӥİ籣ͬʱһǰ籱ӥ˦˳ȥ
䣡
𶯡о̨Խʿ̨ܵǴӥҵһԭȴ˿԰סӥԼɸߣǴӥ˦˵Ȼ·ȥʹǴӥݺݵҵ˵֮ϡ
䣡
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䣡䣡䣡
籱Ͼһ֮㱻˿֮ҲǿҪƾȫƷǴӥû̫ܵġϾǴӥҲġڵһαȥ˹֮㿪ʼѡ֮Ϊңǰ籵ķ϶֮вϷһҫĿԡ㶼Ůڴ߶ϸӥעҪѰҶСȻ˳ѣٿ˿ϳˤǴӥеڳʿ㶼⾪˵һĻͼڳһƮƮŮӿܣһסһȻһ£һµĲˤǴӥ
ʵʱҶСֻҪһ߲ٿ˿һԼȥһԽޱŮޡȴûһϮʤƣҪñ֪ҲǺǵġ֮ǰ˴ʿδ뿪˵أԾʱڸԷϣϢȴҲ˽һ֮ǰ˽⵽ģһսԷʮɡЩɴСһʿʵߵͲ룬һӭսҲҪĥʵÿһҪúô˿Щսġֱŵǲսˡ
Ǻһ֮˶ҪǲǴӥױ˿ˤ˶¡Ůڴ߶ǴӥϵȴˣΪϵ̫Ӱ籷϶֮͸Ĳǿ⣬һëʵ˶εˤδ˼ӥ̫࣬һδεĲϵˤȴɢϵ˶˿ǿ𾪡
ڣŮ޷˼߶ǲʵ׼䡣ұ۸߾٣ϡ


һİ ս
һ䡱δڣͿӭͷһӰѹȴ׼ͬʱ˿ȻǣǴӥһ޴Ĵһ㳯
Ȼһʱ᲻üת˲ǴӥѾ¡
䡪
̨µľУͼӥǡǡŮ޵¡Ȼδľ磬Լ汻ʯϳȻûܵκˣԵ𺳣ȴŵòܶһ¡
һ֮ûκζֻǱͷۣѾҪˡʱСһжʤ죬ͬʱԷʤ
Ůڵı֣Ҳ֮츳ΪҲ죬ǲδʲô֮սʿһսᱻ𺳵ã˵ųӡ˵ûл֮ʱҶС񱾲ٸͷһҶСˣͷȴҲûʲô֮ġΪһսģǶԷսġսʤȡøԷ壬ǰȴ븶ۣôõ顣ܲ˺ԷѾˡҪ֣͹վսԷ塣
һβ֮ʼҶСֱ˵뿪ʼһɣҲÿ˵ֻ꣬һܣ˵ҿɲұ֤ÿһζܺܺõİպ÷ִˡ
ҶС󣬵ȴ֮еÿһ䡣ÿһͣڶУҶС˵һ㡣֮ҶСںʶֱʲôڲûһ㡣ʶ֮˶ʱᱻӰ죬ɵ
֮ǰҶСֵòǫ飬ȻδȫȻʤʾһճѾ˲˵Ĳ
ڳʿ֮иɫ˵ȽУҶС˵ŵĻҲǸַӦСеߣеĺ£еǲм
֮ٻһ̨֮ϡŭһ̨ȵ߱ڣֽ̣
Ѿǽ𵤺Ϊ߱ڿνһ֮£½֮ϡʵǰսԷʿ̽̽·ˮûʲô˼ϣܹӮʤԼҶСʤţЩ׼ʤ㲻С˾ʹΪˡⲻҶСĻ䣬˱ҪͰҶС£ɱɱ硣
ŶԷڣҶС񷴵кôδһ㣬ֱӶ֮˵ʼɡ
һҶС۸ڶģߣһ죬˫ֺʮǰ˫Ȼֿ˫ֳ֮һһɢÿˣȴһͭǮģⷨѰǴͭǮȴǲСȥʿĻЧ
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ͭǮĽһ֮һŽɢЩͭǮҲһöһöշΧʿһתವĻһ⳯ҶСȥ
ֻ˿İȻÿշɳΧҶС񲻶תǰǰ㽫ҶСסöͭǮ٣δ֮ʣǰ籱㿪ʼ͹һмöͭǮһײϣǡײ籵İݴһɺãûʲôѳ֮Ǵ޵׶һ±㱻籰ȥĵطס޷ٶȷ롣ǲͭǮöͭǮڲϳ籣һ졣
ֳԼ֮ҶСڰ֮ϷͼðٶǴɲ֮ǰһ˿˿ķɢԭһİ籴ʱѻ˿һµķ͹ɲɶЩ˿֮УмżöϲҪͭǮһ̣ͼ˿תɴȹҲʼǳת˲ǲ趯ȹڱѾԭİ籽ҶС˿ԼģЩ˿ȥǧ˿һƬֱʿȥ
˿ǰЩƣȻ籼ͣҪ令סҶСƬȴҲѡ±öͭǮһſһ㣬Žⲻϳ˿ķ
ֻʿİ˿ǵһ㳯Լֳһ˿Цǰҫǰֳһģĵľߡһӭ缴ǣɫԣͬʱûһ޶ӰʿһĻڵС
ʱ˿ҲѹԶȥʿһ˿֯ɵĴסеʿܵԼľ߷ϸ緢˿ʤ˿һϸ˿սѡЩľûӰ㿪ʼ顱顱顱һһɢ˲һƵӰ
ۿ˿ҪѹȵʿһȥҪֱѹƵĻ⡣ʿǰöͭǮһֱδȥҶС¶ᶨɫ˹ֻЩͭǮɻءΪȫʹľߵԵʣʱ١ʢһʱ侹ס˰籵Ĺ
Էȥ˿ҲŲƣ棬һߺ赸һ㣬һȹ°ڳʿȥֻԵÿÿһһ͸ӰӰΧһͬһ羢ʱƮƮɣʵȴȻΪĹ
ʿҲܵвľȻǿֵס籹˿һȻ޷ֵ
ͻڰ籴֮еıһҫĿ⣬תϻ֮͸ҶСͻȻܵһв֮У֪ǶԷʲô˲õķ±ٶע뵽˿ϡ
Ȼһ̣ͼô֮һĻЩһ㷴תأ˿֮ϣ֮ϸʴȼա
ʶ֮УҶС񿴵óʿѾڽԼ˼£Щ͸֧ʿͷʱһСڵﲻתûһӰʿڵСЩСͷš
ȥ籾Ҫˡ˼һǧ˿һȥٶȻһ籣ȥ籸һ˿һųʳһ׷ǰҧȥҵҶСּʱű籱ǻɡǻʢʱԤ籿³ԲʲôˡҶСҲòâ
߱ⲻ߱ڵɷôԣӦò߱ǷӦòֹڴ˵ġ±ڹ֮˲²⵽
ʿСȷ߱ЩԨԴȴ߱һƷĳΪ屦
ȥַɻ˿С˿һȴδֹͣת趯°ڳʿնȥʱͼ屦ϵĻٶȱѣһֱɵľ޴ӭ˿ײȥ
ǻ֮屦Ҳһͬɳӭ缴ǣۿһɵСһų֮˿˹ȥ
ǻ漫ΪңҶСԲҲܵõոС
ǰ籱Ҳ˿һͬһǾ޴Сײȥ
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˵У㿴һĨɫӰǳԵĻɵҶСʶ֮УȴøܵõЩ˿»Ϊ籺󣬼˿ŻʵΪ塣ڻ֮У˿ʱɰȻáвԻСǱСȥ˿ĺҲ˵ˡ
ҶСɣ±ٻ֮ǰջ˵ʯʯһϹȥæηתһȦһӽСϵĶ˳ȥǶڷй֮ҲڲϻûԽԽûһĶӰֱС˿֮ȥ
䣡
СײʯĶƣȻУͼǶûӰʼѡڣʱСǵסСĻ湥ͳ֮ٶȻָһСܣһ䵽档ͬʱ䣬Сٶȳ˿ȥ˿ʱȻ˿ΨмԹ
ڣԿ֮СɵҶСٿص˿ǵֲ屦ƣһ˿㱻ȥۿھҪ𣬿ʼ˿ʱ˿ƾҶСĴ͵վǳ֮ƣƬ֮˿ͻܵˡ


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ʿһʹѾ伫ޡ屦ľϵҲȥһ׽˿շ֮ʱǰһںâֱ
һ߲ٿ˿һʯгìʿȥҶСǾǼҪշ˿ôҪⳤìˡһǿܣһҶС˲ɵʱҪȥշ˿
ȻʿһΣܵΣлң˲ȥѹ˿æٻ屦ȥ͵ǳì
һǳì㱻ײɳȥȻδ˵ʿ˿ȴҲôҶСĿȻﵽʿܲСҶСЩˡȻһʼͲٿһͬӦս㲻ľˡ
ʯĳì֮󣬱㼫ٳìձײһڳìɳķһǡס˳ìһ̧֮ǰڵСҲһ··ɻصֱ֮ϡ
һ̣˿ҲŲƣʯࡣһԿܣҶС£һ׼һսܱ͸ɫʯ˿໥֮£սԶֹһΨϧҶСڳտ֮вܲٿҶһԿеҲδȫգҲʩչ
ʿƺҲܵҶСҪʩչһҲֻȫѾЩɵ屦׼͵ҶСĹ
ݵľ֮󣬾ͼʯ˼ƣһ㣬¿ʼһȦȦ磬ɳʯתȻû䣬ǹ֮еȴΪԵͬʱ˿ȻһкʻƮڶֱʿƶȥ
Ȼ˿ĹԲǿʿȴҲܲܣ±屦͵˿յĽԣͼǰȻɢԭһ任խļÿһԴһʿȥ
ƺʿвȫ屦ԴʱѾȸոռ֮ʱ˲١˿ڶݵ֮󣬲Ʋ˼֡һһ֮䣬ӱ͹ԳȻһ˿ٹʿȻֻƾ屦ĳ͵ѣ޷ȥշ˿
ʱʯҲȻɡҶСϷ任ʯһԾìͷųһҫĿԣֱʿȥһǳìƺѾʯںΨһΪһ񲻿ɵ峯ʿȥ
˻޷ܣʿʯĹȴԸܵõͷųѹȸСһִ֮µѹȡ±жԼӲԽһ±ȥܹݱܷâǴʱһŷ֣ѹ˿֮ǰĹϵԭǷɢİȻסƶ·ģΨȥӭʯĹ
ٶȵĲϼӿ죬ʯĳì֮ԽʵȻγһȦȦ͸ƣͬʱХ֮
һ֮£ó뱬һҫ۽⣬ǹâԽԽ󣬽˳еʿ֮ıǺ¡¡챬졣
ȫһƬžԱмҵսΪ̨֮ϷƵԭʶҲһ̨֮ʿ֪һ֮ʲô
âȥֳ˳еΡ
ֻôʱʿ֫ţڵ֮ϡʱ˿ֱסʿ֫ԼʿԵĵ֮ϣɢָΪֻߵ屦ڵϡʯĳìʿĲɴ棬ʿĲһìľƵСʺѪҺһεε¡
ʯһת㽫ì˳Ƿ֮Ծһûκα顣Զ΢Цŵ˿İʱȴδɿһֱʿ֫š
ʿȥδˣȴһֱۣſԣȥκ˿ܺı顭
ݵľ֮֮˵Էʤ
˽˿תɵ߻صҶСǰͬʱҲ֮Ʈصϡ
߱ڵʿΪһ߰ȴձһΪԼ׵ʿܣʱԾ޴棬֪ͬˡ𣬻̨ûһ˿ȶʼǰ̨֮ʱĿȻ֪ҶС񲻹ѧ֮࣬ض޵ݡ
һȶҶСȻδ˼Էȴÿһδһ档˵Ĵ֮ͥµĹΪʵȰǴ˰ҪԽܡΪÿվһˣĶɵ档ȶӮûʲô˻Ҫ˴Ͳôˡ
ʱվսģݰĹϵҲǲġҶСҲµǣҪǵĺ˲վǰս˻δǿУոһ˲
ڳѧ֮µҶС˵ոҲǭ¿ˡһսغʿӦûѶԸȻҪʩչܣ֮ʯ˿ֻһԿܣղǰһЩʹ˿𻵵͵òʧˡ
ֱһɣ
ʿ̨ҶСֱӶ֮˵ղһսҶСȻԵЩȣǰǰ˳Կ֮ճ̶ȣʵ㡣ʵԼĲûж١

ҹĻ٣ɫ֮ת֮սȻһչȥ
ʱǱرʯ÷̨룬ҶСɫȻվһ㲻ÿ࣬ӰԶԶȥ档ǣˣһ֮˶ʮǰսʿڣսҶСУһݵӰȴôߴ󣬲ɺһʮˣмһϢҲδùľɴ֮϶еġ
ֻ̨³˼ʿһ̧ǵͬʦ֣һ߲ʱһֶ񶾣޶Դֿ־ĿҶСս˺ʿһһǿҶСֻǰӵĿ֮ȻԱ㿪ʼԽԽƾϿܣһֱֵڡһսٺõҲ֮ⷳ꣬ıϵķִԽȥ֣Щ֪һһĶһᷳǣҶС˵ģֵķִԽԽûаˡ
ոձ̧ȥʿڶغ֮ڱ˿סжתҶСļȭȥ˷ʯһì̴СʿĸѪӿһ̣ҶС񼸺ʶҪȥһצץȥͳʿ𵤡
ոһɲǵ뷨ҶСԼҲһ¡Ҳ֪Լô뷨æѹΣԼѹֻǱȶѣʧ˶Էⲻ󣬵˼治ô
𣿡
ҶСһѾбϴݰаԿЦ֮ʵȫûսһպƣͻǲͷϳʱƽ
Ǹ֮æ̨һ˼ɣ֪ѾȨ֮ǰÿÿһȶ֮󶼻мȨһȨɴִӦҲжʮˡ
ɵʿսСģոһȻϰ˽ĽޡսڽȻж֣ǻǱʯ̴šҶС񣬲ǱϱʿķɽӲ滮ǿģƺҶС˱ϵ·Ⲣδܵʲô˺
һڳйڳҶСǸʦݰͲסĲ֪ʱ˯˹ȥ⣬ûһ˾ÿĵġ˶뿴ɴһ죬ͶӰռ̨һյʿ˻ܣ


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ǶͬߣĽǿߡڵЩ֮ҲɣһϣܹҶС̨һҶСóӾʵıȶΪ˷ɽ޼սƽռټõĿ֮ʵ̫棬ȭȭҲʵ̫̫ˡ
ˣܷܷǰֽ̡
໰һŽɫʢװӨüԶ죬۳ˮ쳣Ų̤̊ŮӵҲϹɫ㣬֮ɫȴͬѰŮӡ֮г֮⣬ü֮ɢӢͺ̬ͬһָ߸ϵĸоȴذޱĮþǧ֮ĸоһֳڸλȻɵĸߴ̬
Ų̊ûǰʿǰǵ⣬һתָˢһչһɿ˼£һڱȶģ´ҶСƬ̺һ˫΢΢ţǣ΢Ц¶ױݣ㿪˵ѹֶΣܷܷʵѸմ
ѰŮӲĶͷɸַ٣ǰŮȴǰ㣬ֻǽǧ˿һӲӵͷͷٽµķ˿Ժ޴µƷ˿ԵӢһɫۣɫ˿ҶС֪ļŻ䣬һſҲ֪䲻ˡϵǱȸԳǰƵȹǡȱӳĵŮӼӹӨס֮ȴһɽˮũңǷĻͿν뻯ˡɽˮһ࣬šһֽȣƽ£һ磬ġ
δ֣ҲŮӵĲҶСʶʶ̽ȥȴʶһŮ׷Χڱ㱻һ⡣ҶСȴԵøܵõŮӲδʲô˫תһҶС㿴Ǵ֮зܹʿܹԶķڷ֮мΪټÿһǼƷеļƷ
ҶСʶӣڳȴŲϵáԪӤԼʿ˵ݰҲ֪ʱ˹˯ʵŮӣˮŮӲ򵥣ЩͷܷܷѵǸң
ȺĴ֮һңݰ˵ȻȺһң˵ڶʤݵҡ
ѹˣҶСǫһ䣬˵¸ԷҶСǿʼɡ
Ѱʿ֮ʱȱԼɣȻٿǷἰԼ䡣ܷܷرֻȱԼţԼȴֻδᡣһʼʼҶС֡ҶСע⵽һϸڣŲ֮̊ʱ֮˺Ҫ˵ʲôȴŮһ˻ȥ
ܷܷҶѣŮӵȴ󷽷ʩһ˵ԴԺʶˣպѿĪҪ˵ϵˣҶѵսͬѰʵĶܷܷжҶҲʮ־塣ҶѴһ첻ҲˣӦǽһսߣǰѹĵüһЩΣ
֪θ򵥷ϸֳܷܷ˼ƺ£ҶСһ㣬ƺԱȶرעҶܷܷҶСҲֿ͸ĸоҲҪЩʲô
һʤΣ¿ɲǶ֮ǰ漸λǰ㱻̧ȥܷܷĻ֮вǰЩʿ֮⣬ֵֻһҶܹӵˡ֪ѶʽΣ
Ȼã±֮ˡҶСЦһ˵ַܷܷʽѰʿʵ߹ԷʱŻˣҶСҪӻˣȻԷãǲӲܵġ
ãܷܷãת׶֮˵ʼɣͣ
ܷܷ˵꣬˱ȶʼҶСԽܷܷݲ˻ɡʲôݣȷŮ޵ͷСǲ֮˶ָӵģ
ҶСˣ
ܷܷɸֶĻһ䣬еһףȱһתûһҫĿ׹⣬תӱûд̨ĴС̨ͲСһʱһ㳯ҶС˹ȥ
ƽʱãҶСԶԶ̨ܿСƣȷûа취ܡҸոҲӦҪһֻӲˡܷܷһֲǷɽӷǴҶСϡܷܷһʼ̨ҿһɽӦǽɡȴǲ÷ɽʹȻ⡣ˣⷨӵҲѾԶѰʿˡһʼҶСʹ屦ޣ屦ɢƾҪܷܷӲࡣ
Ѱ£ͬķ޻ȽʹҪ㼸ɡܷܷƣΪӱǷ֮еļƷ
ǻɽˮȻǻ˰̨ĴСڳҶСȥͬʱڲϻûת˲ҶСȥ֮еɽˮͼȻʵ壬Ӳһ㡣ʱŷ֣Բǧ׵̨֮ϵÿ䶼ȻǣûжܵĵطҪ͵Ҳ֪ε͵δҵε͵֮ǰһΣٶȿΧ֮ʱԼȻһɽˮ֮ˣϸһȥԼĻеͼһ޶
ӹȻǷƷǹĿռ䷨ὫеķҶСֻڵ伮֮мδʶ෨ΨбâܿĹȻһУѡ˵һ෨룬յֹ칥ҶСȻУȴδʲôĹƺֻǽжѡʱҶСδɵУȻᷢΧɽɵͼһλǡצ֮¡
̨֮µĹжֻ̨֮ͻȻ֮Ʊɫӷһ̨𣬴ȥ󣬱ҶСԭ֮ϿֻһڲϺϱաʱעͼɿüжһӰҶС
ܷܷҶСȻУһЦ㾲ӳױպϡһȳױպϣȻҶС񳹵УԷƽֻ֮Ҫġ
ĸ߽ʿв˼ʶŹʱܷܷ㶼ΪҶСȻҪѾͷҶСӰȻȥ
ȼϱյһ˲ͻȻзһҫĿĳ⣬֮»һ㵭Ϲ⡣֮ʼϲȻպϵͻȻ৵һչһҫĿ׹ڱ˵Ŀ⡣
Ƭ֮ǰ׹⽥ȥҶСְĳ̨֮ϡӴʱȻҶСС
Ƕ˱Ľʿûа취ǶҶС˵ȴûôáһܷܷⷨʿҪǳԸ޷ȫܣֻǽжѣȻҶСδ෨ƽ֮ڵϸ֮пʶϹʿԽ֮ʦռ䷨ҪɿռƳɡδȫӷʵ£Ҫҳƽʵ̫ײƽ֮֮ҶС塢λһ֮ҪƽͲˡ
ȻƬ̣ƽ֮ҶСӳȵͬʱǿܷܷʶһĨеʶۼ˲Żӳ֮ܿסǷ


һһ ܷܷ
ܷܷΪսʤѶջط֮ʱȴͻȻԼȵϵĪϵ±֪Ȼܿӱ״һҶСٶȳ֡Σܷܷȴǳ˵ϲûջɫڶݵľ֮ɫͻָ糣һЦ㵭ȻҶС˵Ҷʤˣܷܷ
һ䣬ͷҲصƮȻȥ
ѣķ
ܷܷһߣҶСæԭܷܷ뷨ϵһΪ˸ƿѣ֮ᷨ⡣
͵ѣȱҶѰɣܷܷԶԶһЦ㲻Ӱ
һڳ˶Ϊ֮𾪡ϵûǲϵȵģղһ¶Ŷֵ˽⣬ŮӾȻľͽˣܷܷʲôͷ
ɵвɵĸ֮䶼ʼ໥̽Ů޵ʲôͷĸɵġ
ݰҲĬĬһ䣺ԺҪЩСӵˡ

ܷܷ֮ȻûɼսҶСڻص˸Է֮ҶСԭݰǷ֪ǸܷܷĵϸȴֱӸɴһ䡰֪ˡ
һصԼסҶСټڸɵӣԸȥҪǲܷܷ
ʱڷҶСһϸ鿴ӷֻҪǱڱĨȥʶӡ֮󣬱ֻҪҶСԸ⣬ʱԽⷨһʶӡɽռΪСȴֻǹ۲һ󣬱㽫δȻȻܷܷⷨδȫӣжЩģȴֹס˽ͷ뵽ǬС
޹ʾãǼ鼴μܷܷĪ˴񣬵ĵײ²ⲻ͸ҶСʵһʵҲ̫ԾȻԷպԷȻԴʱǾǡԭҶСֻ˳ͨսݰ飬׼ӭսɵڱȶԴ˶ȡҡ֮㰴ݰʾȥѰƻԪĵĲϡȴս󻹳ô顣

һɽ֮ϡ˿һưĽ֮Ʒ̸Ż
˳Ʒλ׶һһŮߡλȻݲϣĿ⾼˸һΪ֮ˡݰڴ˶Ȼϳ˵ݣ˵ɶͬڵʿѾԺգʱҲѾԪӤڵΪ˵ΪڶʤҲǿԿɵĵλڲҲҪΪϱġϾڲڳһλǷ⣬ʿܹﵽԪӤڵĿûˡȻǼλǰλĴλǱչ˵ĹųŵϹΪξû֪ˡ
˵λλԪӤʿȴףԴţ֮˾һŮޡŮӢˬĿݣǱˣҶСȵܷܷ
С㣬ĥòŴ峤ģôˣѵ»ȥýôȴһ裬ͰһЦ˵ֻߵĿ֮ǶԴƤŮһĴȰĿ⡣
ǺǣܷܷҲǴһЦ¶ŽݱݣְԵֵƤķ޵ĻصȻѾȸңʹáþͶҵ飡Ҹ˭ȻҲҵ飬Ȼܲˡ
²յǺһЦԴϷʵ˵ϧȵֻûȺͻ֪С´˼ûϹȥǿ˼꣡
ͷСǱΪϲ𣡡ȴŮһ˵ȻǷƷҲ㲻ʲôС϶ȥ峤ȻҲ
ǿ˵׼С㶹ޢ껪ǡ٣ָΪͷ̫ͷȻϵЦĵȴܷܷ˼ܣԣȻǿȻȻλ߿ﶼǹƺܷܷΪС㣬ȴǼΪ׽һ㡣
ߵȡЦܷܷȴĲһЦĿת󷽷˵үү˵ĶԣҵмֿҶС񣬲ȴΪԼһյıȶҶСԽ𵤳ΪʿҾǵ϶һˣүүӦҲδȫģȻҶСֻн𵤳ΪҿȴǱ޴һŽڵʿȻƿ˲ȻҪ£ȻΪҲǰ֮ȻΪҵһ㲻£Ҳǲģ
˵ܷܷ꣬ԺвɻҶС̨֮Զʱģ㿡ŵݣΪ˱񣬲̬ز¶ʵҲһеٮٮˡȴܷܷһգתֻʲôһӰԺ֮Уˣ˵Ҫ˵óͣҶСҲֻЩ֮лŵϺţҪǵٸһȴ㲻ʲôˡҪ˵ϱɾԶأ
ܷܷ丸׳ί֮ʱʶЩʿŵٮٮߣȻʱܷܷȻףǵʵʿӰȴһֱӡԺ֮СǶȥȻٶϢȻѾһ¥
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ǱΪүүŵʿǰȻʢͶϣԭΪ̤˫ʫڳǰѾ˳ңܷܷʦйˣΨһֱߡ
̤ܷܷĻҲȡЦֻɫָѰ˵Ȼ㲥С㴦ҲҪСΪϵġСͻȻ̨ѾǹȻƻ˲ɵĹءû˵ʲôǿҵӣСԺĪҪ˺ˡ
ͷɵССһȶѣʲôģ˵ҲǽЩЩΪұȻԶǸŵıȶС㲻Ҳôһ̤ѵܷܷ˫ʫܷܷǴС󣬵ǵ˱ԼŮҪ簮
ܷܷŶȴ˼ģû˶һ㡣

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ļӦǣ¡յĴ֮ϣֻʣ˶һˡ¹ʯӨ׵Ĺӳ֮ϣʹ֮ҲȾһ㵭׹ԡǴʱҶСڵĻȻᷢԼõĿܡ˿ģô˾ŷ


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ԷϵҶСȻ֪ԼˮȵŮӾڲڣǲɵϱݡ
ʱҶСȻѰĵָ߰˰ˣֿʼӦºĲűȶսԭµʱǰҵʱ䣬սűȶˡȴûõҶСԼһ˾Ͷռһ졣
ҶСһǼܷܷ֮֮֮¼ȻѾȥ̽飬Ҳٶ롣ֻȫͶ뵽֮СһյʵսԿ֮˲µʵ֪֮ǰ벻͸뷨նս֮ĺȻ򣬻֮ǰδй뷨ҲͻȻð˳磬֮ڵ壡ҶСΪֹֻǽܵһʹãʵϿڲԶԶȷҶСȴǿܲδȵٿطǿ϶١ʶͬʹԲٿصĿܸǿϼ֡ǿ֮ȻڣͱȻڵĵ˼ߡ
ʵ֮Ǻǿ󣬳ȷʵмּߵĹΪܲٿصĿƷ׵ͣܲٿصĿҲҪ࣬ԲŻҶСָоܵ˸߽ԺÿһܶϷ߷ɽͬһʹҿܱһ͵ķΪ㹻ߣÿһܶ൱ʿһġһڽڣԪһǧ͹Եĸԡ
ҶС˼⣬׼վȥݰ֮ʱȴӵɽȴ֪
ҶСΪԽԽߣԽԽٵȥҶСһнԼȥ
ʲô˼Ҫ˵һ룡ҶС֪Ȼʲô⣬ڹθڡ
֮֮ǸƫС֮࣬пǲСһ֧ƿܵĲƣпܳΪԼ֮һ֮Ҳһ
ҶСЦһ֪ӣȴҲֻ˭ܺĵù˭ȻιȥҶСδ߳ڨڨԼֽ֮ڵΪȻǿǿģҪںܹԪֻͬʱٿܲЩЧ˿ǧԪȴֻһϰ֮ͿǧɲʵǿȻ㲻޵ģھͿʼϰĻ˷ƸֳܷһķҲпܵġ
ԭˡҶС˼Ƭ̺˵ġӵɽֿ֣ڵ˵ġӵɽȴ֪ʲô˼
ǺǡԵһЦһϸϸĿ˵ɻǵڿռƬ֮Ǽʶ
ʶкιϵ
ǲҶСûԼϸ֮ڿɲֹл޼ʮҩѣʶ
ԭǴպõʲôƷЩʶȻѾϰ˿֮պҲһ;̫衣Щʶڿ֮ͬкôǰЩϰĿ֮Ҳ˽⣬ƺѾû˵ʹ֮֮պҲһҲ˵׼˵꣬һ١ͻȻҶСϸϸܵƾĳ̶ֳϿԵʿķŵȼߣеԽԽӽʿʱԶʿܵǿ㣬һǿƷʣƵĲϺƵַʿԿ֮գֳҲʿڿܵաҪտ֮Ҫı㹻ʿֳܷʶʶȻǿҪ˵ܹѳȥõϵȴǲࡣڣΪЩʶӵһ߽·ķЩʶٽӡ֮Сһ֮ʱ㲻Ҫôʶֻ˼һתȫٿؿܡ
ʶЩʶǾʹˣ
ҶСЩʶĳΪʱӦЩʶ֮ʱΪǽʣһ־ҶСʱȴǲΪԼʵȥΥʱӦЩʶͼ㵽˲ѵԼĳŵҲҪֵģοڻûеѵľء
ǡ֪ΪЦһƺż⣬ƺǴôһ㲻м˵Ҳ㲻ĳ̶ֳϵǿЩʶЩʶֻʣһ־ʶ㽫ٷӡ֮УǱΪϸ΢һʶպһʶǷԼȻһΪԴʶǻܵˡܺùǴʱ
徹˶ǿĿ֮ǲֻҪ׽㹻ʶٵʶٿĿܣ̫ˣ䲻оԵ飬ǿ붼Ӧ谭˵ҶСȻ֮ڶҵܹ֮ģȴǲ١ĹҶСڵٶȣټѲֹǽ𵤳ΪˡȻֻǴӶڿٸ죬ǴӳԶǱȲġ
ҶСһɽǰҲ侲˼ƷҲΪ͵ġ˵˺֮뵽ȷǲסѰ˿Ͷ˵ѯˣȥġҶСƷʰյĺýг侲ȫǰյĹͷͱ裬Ѷϣ״ʱ
ղ˵֮ķչڲϱơϣܹӡʶĲϡ̻֮꾧ĵر٣Ǹǿһ֮ܵ࣬Ҳ֪ϱ޵ʲô֡
ҶСͷȻԭˡ
̻꾧֮ԷӳȫսʹҶСӵĿʦҲܾķӳʵǰ˵֮ʶӡȥҶС÷ǳٵʶȫٿؿܣһԲʩչԺĿֻҪ̻꾧ӡʶĳ̶ֳҶСķˡ

ɾɴĵڶաҶСѾеսԷҲɱ¡ڶտʼݰҶСûٳھɴ֮ˡ
ԷϣҶСסڣʱ͵͵һݰʮְܼҵ顪̻꾧뵽ʯ˿֮СҶСȻݰֻ֪ԼˡڴҲвݰոսʶʦ֪һжǲ֪ġ
ҶСǰֻƹһСܣʱȻֻҪ̻꾧뵽֮УǴǰǶ˵ѾǼΪ֮ˡɲ֪Լһʧ᲻𻵵ΨһһԿܣԻҪСġ˲Żᾭһҹڶս״̬Ѳſʼơ

ҶСʱһƱգڽ̻꾧һ֮ʱȥ죬˵һεľڶβԿһЩ㽫ȫںϡ
ں̻꾧֮ҶСδʶӡУҶСöʯ˿ĸ֪ǿࡣԶ֮ǰڲٿ֮ʱǰѡԼʶʵ˿һ㣬ֻҪһÿܰԼ־жǿģǿܵܣһεľɴ֮ʯóì̴һʿСǴʱǰȫȥЯܿһ±ὫʿƬ
ھǿҶС񲻽֮ǰûо̻꾧ڣڴʶӡֻ֮ı仯ˣ


һ ϯʮ
ǶѰʿҪȥʶ޴֣ûǷǶҶС˵Ҫʶҽ֮еǲܡΨѵһҪʶܺһöʶӡΪҶСΪ֮ǰ̫Ԫƣھ֮ʯʶҲδȫָҪһ𵤳ΪȥʶӣԪһβСġ
ҪһѣҪƾմһȴν֮¡ʿǵ˼ߵĲΣҲյ˵ǿƾմΨ컯пܡ
ҶСȻҪҪʶǣǾֻǲʶӣ˵ȻǼΪ֮¡֮ʵʲ֮ҶСȴòκһҪСĽ

Էһжݰ֮СھϴεսҶСһնԼڷڡۿɵڱȶֻʣ죬ݰҲҶС񵽵ڷʲôȻ϶ҶСŲʣһùܵģʵжȴǼΪġǷҡҶСͬѰҶС񻹲ݰҪȥˡ
ݰɻʱҶСķڴ򿪡
ʱʱ֣ģε֪ۡҲڲͣСҶСź߳ȻϹƣȴǴżЦ⡣
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ȴһֻĴָСС׳ſ˱ףƵʵȶԼٶȷˡҶСǼ׳ߵķǷݰ֮Ǽ׳ʵҲһƿܺͷ֮һСݰͨСԷϵһһľݰ͸СȻ֪ҶСƽأ㱻ٻ˻ȥ
ݰһֱÿһʱɳС鿴ҶСʲô˳鿴Ϊ֮ࡣȴһֱСΧϾż˽ҶСȣϵļصĻмӵˡ
ȻٶȺķѲʶҶС⼸ǳɹʮʶҽֱע߿֮СǿΪ̻꾧ЩʶвɢԼϳɳҶСԴʶۡʶӣֱʯ˿еʶ
ʶӸһ£ҶСļȻʯ˿һ˵ϵָоޣԼ֫ǰܵԣҲ֮ǰԿܲٿصǰоϬĸоӴԺҶСٲٿؿ֮ʱֻҪע㹻һʶȥٿرˡԺԿ֮ͨ͸ЩĻֻҪעֻҪƾһͷͿԲٿؿˡҶСȻڻﲻǸ̶ȣҪڲٿؿ֮ʱͬʱʩչȴûˡ
򵥲һ¿ܣҶСҴ뿪˸Է塣Ϊ֮ǰѾܵԼԸȥ̽ѾϢֻ֮ǰһֱ鲻ʱѾڸԷµȴʱˡ
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ǺǣɻбϢҶСЦһδٹ׷ܷܷ֮£ֻҪʲô鷳ˡ
ȴһʿصˡ֮ǰԸѰҶԨʦֵ䣬ҵЩ΢
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ϢǴһԶݵʿе֪ڳһ޴ħѨĽжмһҶԨʦʮ񡣲ԣʱ뻳ҶԨʦ֮Ҳֻżи棬û˵ѾһνħѨɳĴСһͬһжҶԨʦֵĻֽһڳ֮С
ҶСϸһЩ¼̽
ҶСһصס˳˼֮Сϣ˱ҶԨҶԨôһֱδضݣҶԨԸָһʱǻصݡδָôμʲôħѨĽжһжղҲӼʿе֪һκܴ͵жʿǽϵʿ
˼һûнҶСҲٶ롣ֻھɴеõ˷ҡٸõϢȥѰҶԨ֮УôӦҲ̫ѡ

ʵھɴս֮മĿ֮࣬ݰ⣬ӲûвμӡݰμӣҶСȻҲֱ֡˲ɵڱȶǰһգҶСȥɱ
Ϊȶʿʵ̫࣬ǲڵʿͲ֪жˣҪϸɵʿΪʾ乫ƽȱڱȶʼǰǩÿʿĶ˭һȥ˱˵ƫ̻ڵ֮ˡȻڵҶСЩ֮˵ĴвġеŵֻҪμ˴˴αȶÿÿʤһзĶ⽱Խ߽ҲԽߡʿûˣֻȡǰʮǿŻõͶõĽ
ʮǿĽÿһѾԲɵݣ˰һεĴᣬȻǲẮᣬνÿһ춯ءȻεľɴڱȶȻʿ룬ȡùǰʮĵν޼
ԷڲſڣҶСҲƬʱ䡣Ƭʱ䣬ǱʿϳǴԷսʿȻҶСҲԲͬŽʿҶСжǾηһֵ־壻ڲɵŵӵ֮ȴһЩ벻м
ҶСʿͲɵӵıص㲢һʿڸսɽŵĵطɣոձҶС㷢Զ·ɵĵͣ½Ų˼ɵԶԶʱָָ㡣
ʶһɢ㽫˵̸С޷һϳҶС񣬶һ˿˼ۺ˵ҶСҲˣֻЩԼûеСгɳ֮ࡣ
ȴһʿһʵʦְҶС˵˲Īʦʤù
ȴñʵʿһĻصߣʦʤǿɲҲûˡǲϯϵĵóһҶС񶼲ЩԪӤڵʦʦ˵ô˵Ŀ֮ҲǰӶѡ
˼䣬ҶСҲȥǺȻҴһص˸Է塣һգҪʼڱȶˣ
˵ƣֺγǡɵʿˣֻԼ֮ͬʤùҶС񣬱Լһ㡣
ɵĵڼһˣнҲˡǸϯǲһЩʿųĽʵǿʮʿڲӱϯϵĽʿʵǲɵġҲҶСҪȡ÷ҡ


һ ټ
ɵڱȶȻδֵҶСϳԼ䵽̨֮˸λ£ıĿȻδۣͬʱеļȶȴӡʶ֮С
ΪֻڱȶĳգֻǴɸѡʵʿĲΡһڳΪߵҲǼԪӤʿΪԪӤʿδǼڵʿ͸ǲ¶ˡҶССΧʶ̽Ҳᱻ˷֡
ҶСոûãĪĸܵһĿһֱʶۣԱߺʱһˡҶСΪȻԱһ˻֪оȡ˲ǱˣǴһ΢ЦܷܷʱѺõҶС
ҶСۣܷܷſ˵ҶѣɣĪǵҲҪμȶ
ԭѡѼЦµȷѾˡܷܷҶСﷴȻһЩһܰ͸һμ֮˵ˣϻʲôķҲġȻȻȴҲԼԺҪӽǡ
Ǻǣ̨ҶѿҪˣ¿ûеڶˣܷܷЦ˵
ǡ赹ԣ
ҶС˵ͬʱѾܷܷǰ
ܷܷһЦҪ֮⣬صҶˣ¸ողǾЦѾ˵Ⱦѣ²Ҫ֮⡣
޹»ѵĺ졣ʵ̫񣬵ѻջءպõõ֮ʱܿڱǡ˵ţҶСѾظܷܷ
ܷܷӹӣɵñĿҶСһۣӡ৵һӣתһЦ˵Ǳ˵Ŷպ֮ʱҶֿĪҪƴǣ
ҶСδ˵ڣ̨˻֡ȴֵϳ򵥸һ䣬ȥ̨֮ϡ
λֻܷܷһЦݣ·̨֪ʲôȵļֵ̫ҲǸĸĥòѾȥգҶСóʱȻδķҶС񱾾ʹҪԼˡһʲôĽʿܹ˴ջ֮ǰģӿǾŵԪӤʿҲǴԴĶҶСԽˡԷȻӣȴǱֳ˺⡣Ҫ£ˣպлᡣ
ôѾͷ˼˻ˣ֪ʱܷܷ߳ԣ֮ǰҶСλã˵߰ɣѾڵˡ
ܷܷȴֻǴ󷽿Цһ£δٶֿһ̨ѾʼȶҶС񣬱תȥΪʱЩʣܷܷҲò֮СԭҶСЩȤʱȷûлٽһӴˡ

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һֳ㲼ʮĸ̨ÿֱ̨нǧ״СűȶǾɴΪʼ֮ɾи߽ʿвμӣʿҲ˲˹ۿ߸ߵһĄ֮̇£ǹ̨ʮڵٮٮͬʱϼνһʢˡȶһһʿӮöֵͬʱҪ㹻ȥӦıȶҪȶ֮гȥǿһʱսҪȶʿǻۡ
ģҶСһϳͬʱٻʯ˿ʯ˿߿ǰҶСǼܺͻ⣬ת½󡢷˿޷ԶܹߵʿѰɫκһȶĲáһϳҶСȻȫԸ׼
ҶСĶ棬һϳӡ翴òпһֻ߰ʮ꣬ҲһСͯģʿȴѾǧ˰ˡֻ̨ƽվԭأһֱûʲôҲйŷɽ޴֮Էֱ޵ְҵ֮һʱ²ĵϸ
һһ𣬱ȶѿʼ
²ɣɺ壬Ӧֽˣһʿȼ̵ҽܵ
Է壬ҶСֽ̣ҶСҲòԽܵ
ҶСƺɫһЩ΢΢仯ǺԳһ˿Цݡȴδ˵ͼһֱ̧Ƶ̧ߣĴϸֳһͺƾճһ㣬ת˲Ѿɺһһȥ߰˸ɫ⡣
ҶСڶԷͬʱҲȻһ˿ʯȻ೯ʿ˹ȥͬʱǱɽҲһХѳʣһֱԷնȥ
ʿһ֣ವĳҶСȥÿÿɳȥһţٻһšת˲ȻҶС񷢳飬ÿŵÿһڷй֮лûֻֽʸУȥѾʯһ㡣Щȥ֮ʿ˫һ飬˫֮иһƾȾɻҽȼպȻţȴڳͷģĻҽһɢÿצ޾һ»˹ֱǰ˿ʯ
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࣬ȴûһĳʶ֮ҶСĸܵõ̺֮ı
¾ͼ˿а籷裬ƮƮҲ˲ӭӯǰһ̨֮ϻûһƬɳɵϡ
һġ䡱䡱䡱䡱Уʿͷų鹲ʮһ˿µ֮ϡһȻѿͷų񱩵ľ޴һ֮˿һתջ˾޴ϣڻûԭģͬʱֻ˿һִָһһ㳯Ǽͷ޹ȥ
˿ŹȥļȴҲδɳףʯĶƸ߾٣ͷųһӰܣǰǼҵıը⼸ȴʯǰδ赲ͼʯͦìǰȥͬʱǰһ˼ž޴ը⡣ըỤ̃ʯĳìǡǡһͷҪƵ˿ޡ޲֪Ǻûһìֻ֮Ǹŭһȴûʲô󰭵ģתһצ㳯ʯȥ
ʯ˿Ǽͷ޲ͬʱҶСķɽȻת۾ҪնɽΪ˴ŨĻҶСѾŨŨĳ⡣ҶСڱȶ֮һЩʿǰע֮࣬ɽ֮ϻḡֻ⣬ȷ۵̫Ӵ
ʿ÷ɽȻҲţǰһЩһʱʢʿǰһſʿһ߳һǰһʼûһӰ˲䣬ʿǰƾոֳʮһɰĹӴӰ


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ӦѰʱһѾӽʿǿȣһǽ𵤺ڵĽ޷ɽҲƵĵľʱһ¼֮࣬ѾǿǺþҶСʵ쳣ǿҲӦöްġȴǲģΪӦҶС߿չֵҶСӦѾ٣Ȼ˴ܡ˵ľ޵ģ˳ǿˣôķɽҲ̫ǿǰڹҶСҲЩţ˵ʱԿΪʹ÷ɽ
ҶСΪ壬ƣ徳һĻȷԶʵҶСĽһֱֻڶս֮ʱΪ⣬Էһ֮²˺ǿʱǷɽЮơءءءĽӶȥһûĴܡ
ӵƿʼÿÿȥһܣҶСɽϵһ֣һ̾ͼҶСϷתдעСڷɽոһƱȻǣ汬䣬ǵڷɽ֮ϡת˲䣬ҶСķɽѾƵʣµƣɽϵΪע룬δһ֣øӿ񱩣
Ӧۼд󾪣ϲðʱѾ֪Լĸ֣ùںò׽ĵһȶǿСǰȻҶСȻǽ𵤳ΪΪʿľڵ̶Ӧġ˵𵤳Ϊǽ𵤺ΪʿѰҲҶСոǰϵķŷɽ֮עȻҶСڽ𵤳ھ˻ҲΪ֮ƽһɽ㲻עҲͬʱֵסͬ׽ޣʱҲ֮С
ʿа֮ʱ۹һƲǡٻɱʯ˿ʱͷͬһػ
ȴ˿аȻûǧϸ˿ʱסһͷޣθߴ˻ȴ޷һ֡һϸ˿ս޵˻Ҳȥֱ󲻸˻һ㡰ۡһûһոֳ㡰ȼһ棬ȼ˻档
ʯȴΪɴֻ࣬һͷȻ䳤ì¡һ޲棬һͷ޺ɨצìɨΪٶȺ̫ͣڼӲìҲ֮һȡ
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Ƭ̣ӦĻûļͷޱ㾡Աʯ˿ӦаҶС֮ƽƽ֮ˣ֮ѾһЩר֮˵ˣȻٻ⼸ͷܳսһʱ㲻ܻʯ˿һʱҲ㹻ġ
ۼɽҪƿһܷʯ˿ҲԼгѻޣۿҪʿȴҲţһ־ɫͼϷͼͷɫȻʢ֮һĹַ͸ַƾγɡҶСϾҲΪǳķ֮һȥ㿴ǿ̻ķġһ̣ѾȫͣҲһ֮¾
ҶСķɽۿҪӦ֮ʱӦͷϷͻȻһתĳһľ޴䣬ҫ۶Ŀת˲֮֮һӰϻû͡
Ӱ֮ʱȴ֮һ׳Ĵ֣Ӧǰһ̣㡰һҶСķɽ˳ȥǻӰҲ׳͡Ȼ۳һͷɸߣɫľ޴ħһĹӦǰ
ҶСһȥ죬ƺܹͷħмơǹƤҶСķɽ˿ʯһ̽ΣҲδ˵õδ˵õǹޣڻĳҶСѹ˹
һ̽ΣҶС㷢ֲû˵õÿһնСǹҲ˲޸ơʵޱʿıۣͨſʱע
һȷ˲ֻǻָĿ죬ҶСġΪÿÿһ£ָܹʿҲҪĵڶԿħ֮ʱΣĵá±ٿ˿ʯķɽٹһɱնɱÿһǹɻСˡ
һǹÿ̤һᱻ˿ڡһӦʱЩƣвҶС֪ı׶ˡⱾȻǿǶҲǼԭǴıȶãȴһսͱƵþСˣɲˡֻܹԼãһһӲ±Ҳ֣һСС¯¯һ̣˲ǵСһ㣬ֱͷƶȥڲϲƵͬʱҲڲϵĻ뵽Ӧı֮С
Ӧ֮֮¯֮֮ңһ֮ȴδκһ¯㾡˴ѪΨһ֮˿¯мҲɼһߡ
ȻһӴӦıٻͷ޶ʱƴ˼Ѫһ㡣˫͵һģмҲٷҶСĹһ󣬶ӣ㿪ʼȫͣۿɼٶȲ͡ɢҲ֮ǿһɿ񱩶ΣյϢ˲̨һЩԽĹҲܵɢΣϢ
ҶС׵壬ǹɢ˿ƸΪԡʱҲܵ˼Σյĸо˼һҪ׼ŲΣȴԼǱסһ㣬Χ֪ʱһȦԭأ롣һ̧ͷǹ޵һ˫ɭԼ±ԼһȻѾǴ޵ĵ
ҶСѾڲ֪бסӦб϶ԼȻʤʤƬ̵ʱѡȴûһЦ⣬̾һ̧ͷҶС񣬾¶һӢϧģ˵ҶѣϽ¯Ѿ˰꣬ǵһεʹáᣬ𵤳ΪܰұƵزҪ־͹ѣڵһսڴˡͬʿ֮еսҲŵεģҶѾˣҲ٣
ҶСԷ˵аЦӦԼšԷܹ˵ҲóӦҲǸֵཻ֮ˡҶСв𻰣ֻһ󣬶ʱӽΧת˫һ񣬱ֱ֮ȼϻ𣬺ɫҶСֱۣ̽ͷȥһ㡣
̧ͷۿҪӭͷԼĹ޴צҶСеҲļȻһɺҪ֮ǹ޵жܡ֮бȻһѪҶСѰ˺ƣǲǼһģĿ㣬ҲľҲԵѪڸʱֻô޵˻֮˫ۼֻǸ͵ҰɵýǻѪȼ


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ǰһ̣ҶСĻ֮Ǿ޴ޣԼܼ֮֮Ӧʱ飬һʤڣҶСȴ˼ƣ۳ɵĻ治ΧڵԼܶ˼ޡҶСֻԼȫ¶΢΢飬ÿһϸ΢Ӷ񱩵ʱҪһ㡣
ոձǾ޴޵ķƳ㼸׵ʯ˿ոֹסΣ׷׽һֱӦȥʱҶСȻ׼ǹֱԾ
ɽȻٻأֻͬһƯҶС࣬ϻƺѾ಻סʱҪն
ҶСƻգɫ͸ָȼš

޼һƺȻ£ľֱ졣ʱԭӦѾסҶСȴͻȻһӲȥǾȥɶܲǺһССͷѹצͼҶСǰȻ両ֳֻӰǴֵģڵһ޶Ӱ֮ͬҲеϻơһ֣ǡǡǹ޵ľ޴צ¡
ֻ֮ͻȻǣһ˲ϵʵһ㣬ѾҺ̬һӯӯȻһĹ޵Ƹո£ڼҶСͷһ̣ͼҶСûֻһǯסǴ޵ơҶСŭ縺һˤп̨ϹۿʿͶһĻһСС˶һСɽһȻӲˤ˳ȥǾԶģֻȻһԹɵ̬ˤ˸ͷ
˵ȻﱻˤȻǾ춯ءֱҵõһ֮ǰδעҶС̨ʿҲ˹һתͷ㱻ǰһĻȲ˵̾ʿмΣǰһĻ㹻ˡ
ǹˤ꣬ҶСһգɽзСסһɽʱûɳͺһ泤ޱҶСС̤˲䵯ֱǾ޴޵ͷ
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ҶСķɽ̵ԽԽǹ֫Ҳʼ߽һɢת˲䣬Ǿ޴ѾţһҲһ̣ɢ
ǹɢͬʱʯҲѾӦķ˿İ籼ͬʱ֮סӦ

ҶСڵȥΧҲɢȥȻɽϵȻɢǽ֮ȴеⲨ⻪δȫȥһҶС뱳Ľ֮С
ҶС˷ɽɫƽ͵˵Ӧѣˣ
ӦڱסһɲǻǼҶСȥԼٻĹ֮뷨ЦһЩεĻص¼ˣʰ·磡
ʤѷ֣еҲӦͬʱ̨Է壬ҶСʤ
˿İವһ㱻˻ȥʯ˿ҲҶСջء
һɣӦͷŤŤӣչһ¸ոձ˿İϵùǺӡ㻺̨ڵ̨Եʱ򣬲ŻͷֻҶСܹõ˵ѹȻʵ֮ǰҶѼЦˡԿ䣬һʼѣ´ʮǿӦû̫⡣ʿʵԶҵĴڣϯʮںıȶ֮ҪСĽҼᣬдΪʵסԷ壬ԷɵĹϵӡϯʮõеʲôҲ˵׼ġдʣ͸԰ĪҪһʱز
һ˵ҶСֻոԼȷ³çɾʹ߽˫ȫոԼȷǳһʱ֮£δ̫࿼Ǻ˵ǵֵסʲôڵסҲװױȶܶ˲滹иȶ˵ȷǲ֮١ʿȻƺҶСͬȴ֪ҶС١˵ҶСܵ˼ֳĹػ֮ġҶС㹰ֳӦʩһлл㣬Сģ
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ҶС˹Ӧ̾˿ҡҡͷЦһ̨̾Ц濴ΪȶʧʵȴипҶСԼǡΪǫѷûһ˿ѱѵáΪһߣ˵ĻҶСҲܹȡ󻹻˹İлб϶˽ɾͱȻ
ԺӦȻΪһ֮ʱʱҶСһս
һսҶСѾʮǿֻҪǰǿԣӦΪǷҡǿĽ֮һûһȶҶСĻ磬Ҳ̨ߵһ̨ϵһƧȥˡ
ҶСÿÿȶȥۿ˵ıȶ˷ʱȥ̽ˣԼһʵøЧۿ˱˵ıȶǶԷԶԼ˲ִٵʱҲδܹҵЧƽ֮ǿ˶Է㣬ҲѱǶԷµ͵űϹ
ԼӦΪոһҲ˲Ǭȡ˼öнʯĿ֮½Ǽöʯ԰رķλȥһһ򵥵С;ĸҶСָԼӿһ֡ȻֱϸɽһЩʱޣָܹһֱһ֡
ҶСûд̽˵ϰߣɲûСڶĲɻŵӵܹűȶһٶʮǿĶǶЩССģ̨Ͱߡһĳһ̨ıȶʿȶʤһչʾһһʮ¼֮á
ʱһ̽ڴ֮ҶС񣺡𵤳ΪʵսӦڽ𵤺ϵȡ޽޿֮ϳˣ·֮Ϊޣ뽣һϳˣصע񣬵һսĲ٣ԺȶΪʹһɫ棬幦δ̽
ʿȻսҶСֳĶԼⶼһһʮ꾡¼ȴҲ֮ΪʿΪ̫ߣŻᱻ£ͼȻҲޡҶСЧδҶСڱȶ֮ʹ˴ҲδóңҶСֳҲ̫ģǾ䡰񣬵һսĲ١Ҳܲ⡣

ڶյ磬ҶСѾ̤˽ǿ̨ĳֻ֮ʣ˰޴̨ضϰϵϵԪӤʿãҲֻǸϵרְʿ˴ܣڶݵƬ֮Ͳú᳡
ʮʿɶڰ̨֮ϣҶСĶһŵϯʮ֮һʿϯʮʿҶСڴǰѾʶҶСܹվΪʮǿ֮սʤϯʮڰ˵ʿһվʿҶС֮Уֶһɼ֮Ϊǿ
ΪһսʿһϳȫѹҶСҲδ뵽˾ȻһϳͷһҪһʤһʱҶСҲѹƣ󲻽ܱɢҲδסԷһƾӲһ£ҺþܺͻģǷȻĥ١ʹҶСӲһҲδֺܵˡһûµǰйעǱȶʿŵùǺΪʱʿʵ̫٣ܹ˵زҲ͸ˡʿҶСƾֵһϻʲô巨ǡ
ȻһʼѹƣҲƬ̡һҪĹ֮ʿѾǿ֮ĩйһûʣ¶±㱻ʯһӲײɳȥȻֱˤ䵽̨·
һսҶС˲С𺳣һսһʼѾϵĻ巨αͼ֮вһʶΪޣҪʹ÷ķʱԶԶȲ˿ר޵ʿҪΣܹ֮ʹ÷ҪЩ׼ղҪٻαͼףȴΪ֮ǰδǰ׼ʹһʱ޷


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ޱרϰַ֮Ȼȶ֮ʱȲϽޣ޵Ϊ㹻ܹ֮սӡָսӳɵķĻɱϰ罣ķŵĻȻҲս֮ʱȴǼѣҲٿطҲмơ
ʿ֮ǰҶСѾδͬʿѹƹҲǴ˿ʼҶС˶ͬʿ֮ġɽɽˡԼȻսף֮ͬҲ㲻޵еĴڡ֮ͬУͬʿԼĶ֮һԷȫӳԼδܹڶս֮ʱռơ
ֽǰ֮ҲҶСһ㱳ϱһУڱϵȴǷɽһڵĵѪСʿȻ֮ǵʵҲǽ޵һϸС֧
ȶʼʿ˫һǰһƣϵĳα㲻һƶΪȴɢһǿѹֱĴ̿ȥͬʱ֮ϵʼٲΪϵ̫죬ΧĿ֮жΪ̫ѸٶʹʿƲһϸС̽һ㡣еĳ֮ϸһȦȦ׳󣬻ûɫһһΧŵתʿĹȻЩ⣬ǴϲƵмֲܴͬӾɴڱȶһߵȻ䲻֮
ʯ˿ѾҶСע̻꾧ַʶʹܹӵнʵھһıȶҶСƿҲԽʿǰҶСԼԵ߿ѹҲǲСΪ߿ɢƺ͸ѹȸвҶСʯھվһҲɢһɺʱԽ˹Ƭɱ
ȻҶС㹻ȴǲ¡ΪԼĺ֣Ǵӿʼڶûùһʶھɴһʼʱݰܵˡر𡱵չˣһֱڲɽŸѱʲôʱ򲻱ɵĸһ¡ԲбҪһֱһ֡ΨһܹпܶԪӤʿһ˺ģʶˡԼȻҲΪǿȴǽ߽ʿֱӹġԭ򣬲򲻵ѣҶСǲóȻʹʶġΪʿֻ֮кٺٵһʿŻʶֽ֮࣬ͬʿֱӶս֮ʱҲûа취ֱʩչԼûʿȥʶ֮ҶСڱӣԽΪ˼ԪӤʿĿܡ
ʯȻֶͦìһʱ׼̳ģ˿ڰ籴ڼϣ޷ԶƮƮȻɡҶСķɽһѾƯ࣬ʱ׼ն̡ʹʿΪһɨҶһ㡣ҶСǲʶҪһȡȻʵףһԾҪȵסԷһץסԷʽϣδ֮һٷƾڵ֮֮ɽʯ˿ĸҪѹöԷһʱûз֮ҲǴпܡ
ʿһᣬҶСûн˼΢΢Щ⡣ѰʱԴ͵ĶֶҪһҪѹסԷзƵĻᡣҶСֱȴǲֻһǶԷǸ񣬲ȡȻжҪһ־㹻ŵˡܹڶԷ֮Լ֮ˣҶСߵȻǲôʣµı㹻š
ɣ壬߮ˣ
߮˵ͬʱȻ΢Ȼӽ±һžҿζʱһһֱҶСȥƽ٣ǰҶС֮죬ʹöѵʿֻüһӰǳµһ⡣ž߮۵Ҳһ۷塣ĵıĸ֡һϡڿҶСѾȶʼδȡȻ֮ʱѾڰЦҶСдˡ߮ųͻ乥ƵҲɼһˡ
ʮǿıȶ֮ʱҶСʿƾ̽ϢԼû㹻ܹӮҶС˲ѡһʼͿͻȡܹȡһҶСһмܲסлʤֻһʱӦԵսѡҶСȴĵȷȷӦ߮սϰߡ԰˵ҶСһѡĲѾһɡ
ԷĹԽͣδǰ֮ʱѾ󺣾һҶСʶ֮У߮Ȼ̤еĺһ㣬ɢ涼ƾһѹ˹ǽܹɢƣѾ˽⡣߮гֵܹƣҲǼУ̤ż
ۿ߮ҪնҶСȴûзֺԱߵ߿ʯ˿Ҳ֮ʱ߮ľ֮дйۿ̨ĹΪ֮졣лʿ֮ǰйۿҶСıȶ֪ΪޣҲΪִͣҲǴδ
ҶСķɽѾʼ΢΢˵ĽѾѹֲסҪʱһ㣬ͺһͷļ޲ϵ˺ҧҪɱһ㡣Ƿס֮ˣҶСڵҶСȻ⿴ûʲôදʵʱѾڷɽ֮עϵѾ伫ޡֻΪĹ֮⿴ƾûôǿ˴Ҳδһ㡣
߮ԽԽǿڱ֮Ҳ˼ޣȵ˫֮У֮ϡţʹǫ̂տǣҲԽɫĹŨüڱ˹ڵĿ⡣˿̨֮У߮һ·϶һһ㡣
˳ĵҶСʶиܵʱԼΧѾ߮߮ǿѹƶѹҶСһͬʿս֮иܵѹԼӰ졣Ȼǿ˵ѹûʲôӰ죬ĳһҲ֤ʵ߮ʵѾڽӽԪӤʿˡ
߮ƺΧĿռ֮жֻһƬޣֻ̨֮ҶСˡһһˣҪľһնҶСһնϣ
ԷɵĹϵӣ֪ҶСǸԷ֮˺߮͵õʦŵ⣬ڱȶ֮вκ֣ʧɱԷҲûʲôΪһȶ֮Ҳſû˿˼ɵͷųɱ⡣
Ȼھɴ֮ʱҶСܵ˲˿ƲѺõرעʵ֮϶ԸԷݰȴԲµ߲ʿѹţЩʿڼǰѾ˸Է壬ݰߡݰȻų̣ΪԪӤ֮û˸ӣԲɵʵҪֵҲ۵Ҫ˱͵ôӸԷ̸Ǿˡ˵òſռһɽ壬ȡ˴治ĸԷ壬Ҳɵ鷳Բɵƣ˵ܰװܴ˵衣
ȻԷҶСȷǲ֪ӿʼ۴ƻƶ飬ܽԷֻסȥ˻⣬кġ
˵ʱʱ죡
ɲ֮䣬߮ȻޣͬʱۿҪҶС񡣾ڵ֮ϲµĵâҪնҶС֮ʱͻȻʯ˿ûҶСǰػһһҵĸһȥĶܿ߮ĹҶСǰҵľ֮УȻһ֣ĻһȼһŻ֮ڳһ֮ߣɶɫšڴŵϹַʱϸǿֲֿ̻֣мһͷĿͷŴĸһͷһȼգһͷһɵĲתСС


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ǱģҶСѾãΪľ߮£ʽǷ޷֮ʱٻαͼסҶСҪս֮ٻαͼ׾Ҫʶע룬Ҳûиľȥǹսһʼ֮ǰѾ׼ڼαͼ׺ʱͶս֮УѾû̫Ķ⸺ҶСαͼ׵ԪӤʿļ¹⣬Ҫֵ߮һ͸ˡ
߮ĵâոմαͼסͷһţ׷³һһһ𣬻һУת˲֮䣬ԽԽ󣬶֮һڲɢ
ҶСѡʱѣ߮ʱҪԼٶƹαͼĴҲѾˡΪʽȻһ룬Ѿǲò֮ʱҪʱƿѾǲܡǣ㲻òӲαͼס
߮ĳһնտĵâ㻮һĺۼһĺۼЩʶʿоȣͻ߮ԵȻͬһ㣬ھȻѾܹƾ賤΢΢ﵽնյľ磡ȻֻһɫĺۼȴѾ˵֮µһǳǳռ磬Ѿལޡ˱ʵĲͬҶСʱʹҲܴﵽ硣
߮һרһ޹ϵ׷ıǵĿȾһ֮ϡκʱ׷ܹһɱһԲܹд˳ɾͣһҶСӭֻһ±ܺͻȫȥܹסҲǺ˵ǿĹҲҶСͬʿ֮ΨһһΣҲǶвһ
ֻǿϧųͻ߮˺֡αͼ׾ԪӤʿȫһܵ߰˰ˣһ¾ǿҲܴﵽƿαͼ׵ǿȡһ֮󣬱ֻαͼûĺڶ֮дһ޺޺֮δ֮һͷͷ̬޽ӶķԾת˲߮һ
֮ǰ˵һԵʯ˿Ҳһͼ뵽ս֮С
߮Ĺǰһһʱ֮𾪵˵ҶСһ֮Ǿ˺ϲ£͡ΪαͼȻڷ֮ϿֻܵţһһñᱻƹҪֵ˵ĹƺװʱķȴǲɣǸո߮һȥ֮ȻһҲûһ㡣ΪֲǣڻڲϵͷųһͷͷĹޣⷨȴǼΪټĻ֮˵ķЩһͷһͷϵԾɱ֮֮ɵģ
޼սʯ˿ļ룬ոʩչȫһ߮ʱ㱻ѹôҶСƽ˳˼αͼ׶ϲ֮󣬱һޡɽмХһѵȲһ㣬ɱսšҶС潣ߣһԾαͼ׻ûɵĴ֮ϣ˫֮ϲ֪ʱѾȼܵɫ档
ҶСޱǽڵס߮ĵһ֮󣬾ԷɽҲԶƽɫʱּʯ˿αͼ֮Ծһͷͷޣ߮ʱһɱһ˥񣬱ѹƵֻз֮һϣˣʱЩֵס
ҶСսţѹյһŵݡ
߮ĳԿҲһףÿÿΣ֮ʱһӰֵסҶСơǴҶСȼҲս֮߮㿪ʼЩηηȻδҶСϵ𹥻ƾֱѾܵɫĻвܹΪϯʮ֮һв֮ʵ׼ȷֱӦҲһԭ

ҶСսŵƬ̹ȥҶСųͻ߮սѾһ̨ҲͳΪ˰˸̨֮еһս̨ҶСҲͳΪ˵һΧǿʿҲ˵ֻҪپһսҶСԴǿǶǷķҡ
˵ĵһǰһ֮⣬֮ҶСıȶһȺŹܼҶСѾһαͼ֮޾͸ˣһһΪǿ˺޾ǵһֻһʿܴһˡοôࡣ
󣬾ȻӲȵ߮ȫϣԼò˸϶֡
һαͼܹôҶСҲǼΪȣΪ֮ǰҲùһΣʱƺȫû˴ܵġȶȻɻջαͼ֮ʣȴ־ջαͼ׵һ˲ԼڵȻ˲һء񼸺ڽ𵤺ʿĵҲԶһȶкܴӰˡ
ˣҶС㲻ɵøΪɻжʱֲ²⣬Ƭ֮󣬱ȷ롣ԭĵⲿӦþǱαͼߣԲڸղŻûޱɱĵΪѾαͼոܹܵõһЩ٣һջĪһԼȴһһءһһҲǡֲǲëϡΪαͼ׷ƣҶСһʼ͸ע˴ǲʶ쳣ǿǿķһ޸ͲˡȴڻҪҧһڣԵ˲
ʵαͼƳ÷ҶСʹãҪΪػҪ֮һҪüƷʯֻҪڸƷʯɣԶļ֮ǰȺͻʤ֮ʱùһΣһʵֻʱæ֮вδְˡͻ˲٣ҲĬΪΪ͵ԭ򣬲δαͼ׵Ĺϵ
һȫָĵĴҶСһ֪߰еĺöиãȽϲÿÿõһöҪٴֱۡӵΪٱȱӦеٶ˲ֹһǼΪԪƸǺͷգʶδȫָֽŸոշαͼ˺ãһ֡պαͼײ򲻵ѻǲöЩȻһûѹסԷƹ˷ֱӹҶС𣬵ʱͻȻͣΣˡ
ҶСһ˵ҶС֮˲ҶСӦһηġǵʱܷܷ͸ǱֱҲδʹãĵҶСȻк֡ڣδ뵽ҶСȻǷܷܷҪ˵ҶСкȴûΪֹЩδϰ֮ʶǿȲʿδʹùһʶսУ浽򲻵ѣҲ˲ô࣬ʶһȡʤõ˷ҡʱ뿪ɣʱ͵͵ҶԨϢǣҲв֮鷳
ҶС֮ǰͬʿ±Իܡֱ⼸˼м࿹ͬʿ˶սջҲǲСһ߻ָ׼Ӧıȶһ߿ٻָĵͬʱҶСҲڻعһıȶǸո߮һҲ𺳵ҶСʵҲ̲סΪ䵶ľտ𺳣иǰ̾ԼķɽÿһܣôԼսֽжôǿǽޣһֱΪԭ򣬶Խ˽ȡΪֹѾǽ𵤳ΪʹõĽ֮ʱϰڸ潣Ȼڵ塢ͬޣΪʿܸıʵעϵ츳ԸߣЧҲΪףǷƲˣͶЩ᱾ĩˡ£Ҳ¶˾һ˼ˣҪóһʱר
˵ľ޵ģҶСһֱпʲôǰӡҪ塢ͬޣֻ˺ܶ˼µԼ֮ϣһȣԵý˽ȡЩҲҪʱ;۵ģһŻͷȥ˵벻Ľ


һ Ƴ
Խǵ˺ıȶԽǴһЩ̨֮ϵ˾ҶСƬ֮䣬غϾѾʤһЩ̨ȴ˳־սȫ֮ʱɫˣȶȻҪС
һȽ˱ȶʿռ˲ơΪչ⾰֮ǰĵҲָ߰˰ˡ
ʯ˿ɾҶС࣬һһıȶҶСȻЩϰһһ߿ܸˡ
ܹ뵽ǿʿѾǽˣֻмٵʿҲӡ֤˽޵ȷսϸǿһ֡
ҶСĶ棬ͬҶСһһޡʿ֮ǰһսϵýûиʱָʿһϳɫɷףɫ˭Ƿʯһ㡣ָݣɫ飬Щǻ˵Ĵ
ҶСһϳȿҽܣʮ˵Է壬ҶСֽˣ
ɣ壬ۡ
۵һڣҶСһΪ֮ƺĳֺһ㣬˵ĸоЩŮּлоʮֹ졣˵֣۱㲻˵һ仰ϸͷţͬʱָŽ档ʱЩ΢ͣһյ顣ϰ֮ԽִŸԽ˵Ǹ֮ԻֳҲԵ
ҶС˽ǾģԶԶԶǫ̈̄糱Ļǿս˻㼯һãź֯һһ㡣
ȶʹ
ҶСڵ˲£ʯ˿ҶСģֻһгų۹ȥҶСķɽҲڵһʱʣһ糯ǰնȥ
ҶСйȴҲһϾģϸķɽգһ⻪תǷɽûӰٶҫЩӰȻȫ۳ΣصǧٱɽƯڳ۵󣬽ֱָҶС
ֻóִһץסһɽһָһ߳ǧٱɽҫ˶ĿХųҶСȥ
һ̧ۣǵصķɽԼնҺõЩɽ࣬ȴδнɽģڶķɽĳضĹתţҲһԵú
۵ķɽ࣬ٶҲǼ졣գ֮䣬ǧٱɽһƬһ㣬ҶС˵Сͬʱ֮ʯ˿Ҳδ⣬ͬɽΧסһʱҲܹ
ҶСĿ֮ڴǰѾţ֪ʯ˿ͬ룬һʼͺķڽʩչһǽҲȲѡΪ֮ҲûȺǱҶС߿ͬʱԼ뷭ǲˡ
ҶСķɽҫâһûһɳľ޽ҶСŭһԾ𣬴һһһĹâ㵴ɽиһɽ굽˿ӣҶСֲȴ޷ƿܵġֻһѷɽҶСΧһ׿⡣
ڽ֮еҶСŴ󽣣ʽǴ󿪴ϣѹѹĽвʱһεĳ콣⣬ÿÿһ޴İ³콣ɽҶСɳȥ
ҶСһ߱һ߲ϳǰƽţȥƿƲǸʱ⡣
ϳ֮ǰոսȶûãĿսʣ࣬ȥҶСƽƣѾãȶˡ۲ϯʮ֮ˣΪϰĴη꣬ǰСɻع鵽ɡȻδϯʮ󣬵ʵȷǲϯʮ˲һ֮Ի֮ãΪϯʮеʿһͷǿľҲҵΪʵȻ˵ܼȶһ־ͱϿˡ
ۼԼĽƾòһһֳֽնеϸÿÿһâ۲ɢƬ̱֮б仭һӷַ߳㱻۴˳ȥֱײȥǽַ˲ͻС˽֮Сƺƻһ㣬ڶķɽһ𣬻һɹɵĴ׳ɽ˵ǽʵЩɽһȺȺԵ㣬һķɽǰͺ̲ҶСѹȥ
ڴַ֮еķɽƻһָӰָǧٱɽС
˵֮ǰҶСڽ֮УȴǱɷɽûɵĴ֮СЩ׳һʱ˵׼ʹһͷſھͰҶСȥһ̣ͼҶС޽â£ƿ˳ֱһɻǳײս
ͬʱ˿ʯȻҲδͻƳȥǺȻ͵һ˿ķʯĹһʱ䵹ûΣҪ뽣ҲҪʱ䡣
ۼһȥûƿҶСģͻȻһԭɷ׵ɫøͼúѹѹĽٶȽʢеķɽҫĿ⣬÷ɽʼںϣٶȷֻת֮⻪ȥɽȻȻһҡ濴ȥƶһȦ֮езɽøûһɽɢĽâоӵһ㡣
ҶСʶǿȣ۵Ĳڵһ۾Ϳ˳Ϊˣһֱûз̫ǿĹȻһֱӱȶʼ֮ǰûһΣգЩɽ࣬ȴûжôǿҶСһֱԷɽ͵©ȴ쳣ǿټϻ⣬۹ҪƾЩӻҶСôһɽƵҶСķ
һٴμǿĽȴʱʹҶСѹΧΧҶС񲻶ϲƵķɽ˲ںϵһ𣬻һͷ׳ֵľ޴ޡÿһֶ֮ǰĴǿмɷɽһͬЭͬͬʱҶСҶСķɽҲԽԽ࣬ƹƹң¡¡ĸַɽ֮ը֮֯һ𣬾ͼҶСΪĲϱһŵĸɫ⡣һһֱӵҶСҲڸܵһЩΣ˾ǳۻһǿȵĻҶСΣˡԷĲСѾûԼӡҶСҲٿӣǣ룬ȻǴ䣬˽Ƶӳյ̨һƬͨ졣
ʱʯ˿㱻ҶСע˴Ϊ֮ȫʯ˿ɢǾ޴ɢȴ޷ڡʱ̨ϵڶʿҲܵʯ˿ɢơۼˣ̨µڶʿҲдԼ̨¾ʯ˿еһܽԼܡ
ҶС۵һսʱΪҶСӣʹ÷ͷǳȥ⽣Ƽ֮˱һֱڲ֮УʱȶѾʼһʱ䣬㽣ƺƴǵҲΪ׳ۣǿ̨ϵĹڵ۹꣬һȶߣص۹⡣
йڶҪʧȥȤ֮ʱͻó۵Ľٶ׳б֪˵սؽٶ±ٶͷȻ۵Ľٶ󣬵ǽҶСҲʾҲͬͷųڴҶСֻкζӦ۵Ĺһδƽһһ˸߹һ˵սÿ˲Ųɴűȶǿ


һ ֮
ȻҶС֮ϵķɽͱٶʵһ֣ԭľ޽ʱͻûʵһ㡣ϵĽâǲ£ƲķɽδӴҶСķɽ㱻ķɽϵǿųȥһҶСǽ֮бһҵģ
ʯ˿֮ҲЭ˿Ͱ类סʯԼڰɴƮļ϶֮Уʱһì̽ÿһ¶Ƽɽ
δƿҶСķԭۻҪһЩΧʯ˿ķɽȥѹҶС壬ʯ˿ͻȻлҶСͻΧģҶСڻֻǵ͵½ƵĹѣʯĹȴÿһ¶ȥɽƫƫìǼ죬ƬʱΧ˿ķɽһ㣬ȥò˶ñƿơ
ڽǿ֮ҶСҲ֮ڽ֮вĴײڽȻǿķҲӦĴ˺֮£۵ѹʱһ֡ۼԼ˽ƵܣδѹסҶС񣬷öԷǿ֮Ҳֳһ˿ȡ
ҶСǧɽɵĽ֮д󿪴ϣϵͻҽȨʩΪ֮ۿҪƿ
ѾôãȻҶС֡һҶСƿƣ֮ǰŬҲȫ׷ˡʣ֮࣬ǰ޴繦ôսʤҲüã
ֻóһ˿±㽫ʣȫۣٶӽһеϸȴδʲô·ֻǻһâǡâ۵âǸһΣâţâеŨâǣתâǵĹҲٶȴǣûмɸߴ
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һıȣ۸߸ԾһâǵĴâǺһһ飬һ׹ֶûŵ
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âǸոͬʱ֮䣬һŵĽƾͺͻȻһ㣬еǧɽٶ໥ۣ֯һһɽһɽľӽӽЩɽѾ໥һ𣬷Ħ֮
ӴĽƲƬ̹ŽƱȫ仯ģƵľͺǱ˺صͭǽһ㣬ɽ֮Ŀ϶СüɼҶСпڵСˣûһɽɢâȴûмһ֡ҷɽ֮໥УҲһŷɽһɥʧɽԵ
ͬʱҶСҲܵõ⽣ֻ̺Ѿﵽһޣʤһ֮С˼һܵʯ˿ܵѹƺԼҪ˲٣ҶСмƣӦ֮
Ž֮ɽĦ֮еķɽβǳҶСһ̣ʱпܳҶСն˶ķɽҶСΧͬʱն˶ķɽǰͺ֮£ҶСܷסǸ⡣
ҶС⿪ʼӦǻڷļǿšһҲӦԲǡ˶עΧҶСһŽƵʱȴֻмٵ˷ʯ˿һŽڷű仯
֪ʱʯ˿֮һɹɵϵ߿֮вȳɫϵ
һδȫ۾ͷʯ˿ߵ״ʱȻΪʯı漡Ѿʼһп˿Ҳһ޶һ߽⿪߿ȴ飬ԽԽںһһųɫɢ֮󣬱ֳں֮ܡһԿ֮ԳΪһԣϻ֮ˡʱʯָߴһ֣ʱҲһ磬˫֮ϲ籣֮Ʈڶ䳤ìҲ仯ԭӼĳìҲû˽ìԭìȴʣҫźĺâֻìҲûꪵģ֮ǰ߼ְʯ˿ں֮ʯݼ֮֮϶˸ֹӷЩէ֮ҲΪ
ԭҶСڷΧʯ˿ķɽԽ֮󣬱ȫע뵽˿ʯ֮СΪʯ˿̻꾧ַʶҲʹҶС֮żİܹʹǵĺϻ֮
˭óҶС޵Ľ֮߿Ҫǿһʼ۱ѸľҶСϣϾ߿ܣ˲ҶСҲáĿıֻסʯ˿ɣҪƵлҪҪԻҶСΪ˴ʱʯ˿һںϣϻ֮ǽΧõĽƱ̲֧
ںϺʯ˿ͻ̣һꪻûӰӰһ𣬱ֻüһں⡣Ǻ֮ǽеķɽӦ𡣲ת˲֮䣬Ʊ㱻ƿ˸ӡΪꪵٶ̫죬ǽеķɽδüֲȱڣʯ˿ѾһһĽƵ
ʱ䣬ҶСҲѾ˲֪¹ȻˣǿĹ֮Ҳ᧿Σ˵׼һʲôʱͻᱻơ
˼ΣʯĶһͬʱ̤α㻯һɫ磬ֱ۴ȥһٶ֮죬ĽҪתͷҲ׷ϡ
ת˲䣬һꪱ㳯ų۴ȥ
ۼܵĳì۲˿⣬еϸɽնһۡ͡翴ȥƺʯĳֻǴ̳һȴ˼ٵһཻ֮
ʯĹƹ죬ۻң۵ķҲǲֻÿһâ켣ѾʯĹ
ۡһҶСھסɢת˲䣬ҶСǿķѾȥĻҲò˼±ȥ
˳һϲʯ˿ƿ˽ЩͳҲٶһ˿ʤš
Σ֮ʱҶСȴҲң˼תת˲һֱ֮Сڵʯ˿ֻں϶ѣȴʩչϻ֮
ʱ˶ʯ˿ںϺĸߴһΧų۲ϹһһĲӰתһȦڳ۵ΧʮĲӰһĲӰȴδʱƶţӰһΣסˡԭһӰĲӰǿܷ
һڳ۵Χ鲼ʮģͬĸߴܣΨһͬЩõƺĽǶȲͬˡ˶Ŀͬһʱ乥۶ʱû㹻ķ֮Գ۵Ļ⣬סһܵһѾǿ֮ͬʱǶ㣬
㵽˵زҲδΪ˿ȥȻҶСĻȥںһҶСˣôԼܵĹҲȻˡڣҪƴ˭һˡ
ȷϣȫĽƹȻлɢҶСĻ⣬ת˲䣬һһķɽҶСľ޽ߣ֮ϡ


һһ ǿ
һĻ˶Ѿ϶ҶСѾذܡΪٲ䣬һͲǸô򵥣ܻܿᶪˡ
ԼйҶСĻ⣬ɽҲȻҶСϣһɡʤһ˲ҶС֮ڿܵĲٿϱȻôԼ㵲סҲܵ˺ˡ
ϧǣҶСڱĽзɽֱӻ֮ȴûѪɽľ֡ʯ˿֮ĿܹҲδЩ΢һ̣ĲҶСѪɽȴǳ۵Ѫ
ʮꪣдĴ˳ĲͬλڵȻӵ˼£һܴػǽ޷
һ󲻸ʵĽ֮󣬽еǧڱɽһһءءĻûһɢȥʱոջѹ˴ĽƱ㻯һһ㣬һŵ⣬һŵӶţҲšֳ֮˴һ㱻ڱסεҶС
δҶС񵽵ʲôˣȼһã²ĵزһһҫȴҶСǬ֮ȡһϡҶСµĽȥλ¡
ҶСǰȴѾڵأ࣬ʯĳסĲϣһ˿ѪȾ졣⻹ҶС֣Ȼʱǲʡˡ
˶ҶСǿţȴδ뵽һ˵ܹǿزⶼһ±㱻ƣЩķɽֱӴȻܺϾվΪҶСһ㻻һµҲ޷Ƿˡ
˶ıȶڶҶСʵҲЩ˽⡣ܹӮһʤûκεĻǿʵסԷɫɫĸֹʵжǿɻǽ𵤳ΪչʾĿֻ֮Ǽˮƽǿ֮ȴҲþտ֣˲òӡʼ׾⼸ձ˴Ľһʱ䣬ֲ²⸡ͷ
ʱڿ̨λ֮ϵĲҲЩԼ۾ȥҶСȷδܵκ˺ҲҶС֮ҲδʲôƷ׵ķ
壿в죬ܽ˾ʿȷ̫ˡܣֻ壬ҲܹʿһϸߵˡοҶСͬʱ壬ܴﵽ磬ȷ𾪣аɻ֮ȷǰӦò֮ġ

Է壬ҶСʤ
𾪣ǰ顣ǲʮרҵת˲㷴Ӧʱ˽
ʿ̨׼ȥ˰ڵصĳۡ˸ҪȥȴһĿ˻ȥתͷһҶС񣬱תڿշȥոճ۹Ѿûһ˿ǾݵѾָЩ΢ȻƲᣬȴԾɹִļŶȥֻǲ֪ԼǷ֪һ·ɹ֮еδδѪȥ
һҶСоյĽ뵽ǿ֮СһյıȶҶСļʶҲǿ˲١õĻܹ˶ͬ׸ֱȶҶС˵ǿ顣
һصסҶСԼǰҲкܳһʱԷɽԼԴǿǿȣ֮ǰҲƾֵͬʿķɽҪֿǿȵĹǵһΡڸոձ֮ҶС㷢Լ֮Աúʯһ㣬ҲΪԭűȶһҴҸ˻
һת֮һ߼Ƿʲôûзֵˡȫ̽һȷ˳˼Ӳ⣬ûһˡʵҲΪǳ۵ķɽ࣬ǲûһǿ㹻ǿġһô๥ҶСϣǸҶС˸ǿȻǿȵĹʱҶСʯ̶ȴҲʷΪصһΡԷɽʱҲתһɻʯȴþò
ս֮ݰûҹҶСһˡҶСӾɴĻ᳡ʱע⵽һֻڸԷϿ޷ҶСıȶһǷԼɻ˸Է塣ΪֻҶСҲ֪ݰֳǰԾɴģʵһֱڰйעš

תۣɫѾϸڵĴҶСҲָ߰˰ˡҶСվȫһ顢һ˿˿Ľɡʱƺ֮ǰǿһ֣ǳ۵ǰҶСһһӦҲѾҪﵽҶСĳܼޣΪھǾһҹԾδȫָԾһӲһʱ޷ԭЩӲģ»ҪЩʱղŻ
Ƭ֮ҶС˾ɴĻ᳡һûȥ̨֮µȴȶʼٻֱȥҵ˸ȶ˵Ĳʿ
ѰĽʿûнҶСΪڱȶǿʿǸڱȶԪӤʿҲ࿴һҶСЦݵӭ
ҶСĳѾ˺ܶ˵ע⣬ЩҲܺҶСȥԪӤڵʿν¡ҶС˵˼䣬ԶԶԪӤʿƺҲһЩԾģҶСʩһ񣬱»ص̨֮¡
ûȶһᣬǿ֮ǰıȶѾʼǿڵıȶҪֱĳԷֱȳһġǷҡøĽ
ھ˳ǩȷǿԵĶֺ󣬱ȶѡ̨֮ǰͼǸոҶС䵥ԪӤʿ̨ʿڲɵʸСȻҲḺɴΪеڱȶһ̨˶֪˶ȻҪ
һƬ֮У˵ĿⶼעԪӤǰȴʿǿ䣬Щ˴ξɴγɹԲԼɵķ֮࣬Ȼ˵˴ص㣺˴ǿսΧѡ֡ҶСΪǰյıȶƹأȻȨűȶһʿм𡣶ոճǩҶСѡ֣ԶҶСԶΪڱȶĵ
һ˵𾪲ع˵ľɴᣬյıȶļʿٵĴЩʹ֮ǰЩƺҶСѾܵٵһȨҲδ뵽Щܹߵһʿ츳׿Ŵʿ֮ͬ˳ͣӵԶͬս߰ԸܶͷҶСȴȴҲΪһĪĳ衣棬ҶСֵΪԵıԭӦֵһʿ
ѰȨֺ¿ϲЦտĸ֮ϣȴǶԴ´ΪмԴ˵һֳ衣ǱӦҶСһֵʿˣ仹ΪƫִһЩһ·նƾԼʵռ˵һˡµļȶ£вûһϲܵ˴衣ΪˣǸµˡҶС񡣵ԶԶҶС˫֮бĪĳ˺⡣һ⣬Ǵ˴޻භպҲһһҶСܣ
ҶСȻȡ˵Ѿ㹻ΪǷҡѾϡֻҪȴȶ֮İ佱񣬱ˡ˺ĿҲδϣһʿ˽ҶСתʧڱȶĻ᳡֮


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ɴһʢܹɻʿָܶ档ḻĽԶȵȡеΪűȶ֮лһõ֣Դ֤ԼҲеǿķԲͬҶСμȶҲĿģֻǷҡ֮ȥкá
һص˸Է壬ҶСݰΪĲǱģǶָҶСϵĹµĿ֮ҶСˡȻҶСҲס˸Է壬Щ˵̫΢ˡ
һݰҶСʵʦ𣬵Ӹ밲
СӹȻȨˡݰЩʧ˵૵ҪǸŮ˵ġ
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Ǵٶյȵ佱뿪һεľɴЩͬ佱Ҫڶʮħ˹ʱһͬСһʮ죬ӿ޷ȴԽձصʦС
߰ɣ߰ɣݰЩͷģû˵浱⸲Է߾ߣԽԽãʡŵɽð
ҶСΪصУ⹧ȴݰģʹҶСһְһݣ˵ǵӱ£պ̽ʦ𡣡
˵꣬ҶСתҪߡɾʱȴݰסҶС˵ţ
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֮ǰʧһԷĪӺͿҲᣬ͵ˣ
ԭǴ£ȻǡʦϲޣպǵޣȻҲʦ׽ġ
⻹ࡣݰźƷһһ㣬ִƤһģҶС˵ѧϰٶȣȻᵽô㵽Ϊֹ֮Ȼϰŷţһԣպ㲻Ҫٶ෨ˡȻķŶԣ˽ԡҪϰûǲҪȻպҲ䵽һ㣬ԪӤ޷ͻơ
δ䣬ݰҶСһöͬʱо¾Լϰɡ
˵꣬ݰת˷ڣٿҶСһۡ
ݰˣҶСе˼˸СԼݰദʱղ࣬Լ仹һֱĻɣʱԼĶɺЦ
޳˭뵽ҶС򣬻ʶһλˣܽʦͽ֮Ե

ҶСµĵһ£ѰҶԨҲǲܵ顣ҶС˼ȣҪץʱȥѰҶԨ֮ǰϢ˵˼ҶԨһɱħĶ֮гֹǸ˵ľҶСղԵǸħ˵һ֧֮һħɳĸСһͬɳڵĵսħ˶顣ÿ꣬ص֮ѨЩѨ֮бħЩħ֮ĺһħΪǶħԡûֻ֪ÿһʱĵصֹڽħѨĳָΪƵģҲԽԽһħ˵ĶҲǿ
ͬɳ˲ٵʿ뵽ħ֮УԭǰӦܹȴΪħ˴˴ħѨԤĹģ࣬ħʵҲǿԲ֮ҲδȻɵľɴӦõȴЩ뵽ħеʿپеģΪӳٵʱ̫࣬ɲŲòھоɴġҲΪֲЩʿΪɱħɥʧ˲ɴĻᣬɲŻѾɴİ佱ħ˵Ľӷ簲һʱҲеĲɲ뵽ħеʿĽֲǵʧġ
˵ʱѾһЩСɳʿ½ҶԨ˵׼УҶСҲòĴ̽

뿪˲ɷΧҶСҶԨĻĴ̽һ߷ڳĴСɡϾ֮࣬ǱֽͬʱҶСóһЩʱȥǱõĽʶǿȣǲϰЩϧˡ⻹ڱѾ˵뷨ȴڵ˽ڣŸոʵʩ֮ǰҶС֮ʱѾܹٿ߱ϵķɽΪָһϰ֮ܲٿصķɽȻһҶСϰԼܲٿصķɽޣȻȥѡʲô󡣷ϹϹŶڣҪ׺ʱĽӦҲѡҶСҲҪʲô˽̵ɻҲЩʱҲȻͨ͸ġ
򲻸ˣҶСھǶʮյڵ֮ǰȻһСɵʿе֪Щ΢ҶԨϢȻ˵ҶСӺɣǶҲָһ
ħ˵Ĵ󲿶ʿ࣬ԾǲжҲÿ˶˵໥ʶˡҶСһֱ̽ղһʶֵĻе
һ̫ߵɽ֮УҶСһ𵤳ڵʿ̸Ż
¬ѣȷ˱ǻ֮ˣ
ģնֳ֣ҽղҵȴǺЩʧֱۣ˴ôǴҶ֪ʵұ֮Сһονһٳ˵˴ħ˵ʿУɱħҲࡣ˵ոճڳ֮ʱǽ𵤳ΪȴѾǽ𵤺Ϊʵڽ𵤺Ҳϵȡ츳ˣȴûһΪֿұģ
¬˵ǰģ
òһ˵ҶԨ֮ˣȴ˵ǻ˽һ֡ȡҶСҲ֮Ҳ˵׼ѵҶԨ֮˶ѣһ˵ԸȴҶԨмƣ˵ǰڳ֣ҶСɻ
ȻδʹȴôģضҲˡ֮ǰȴû֪ʱһͬ˵ɢһֱ޶ĴεΪΪ˿ֿʵǿΪ֮ʣԲûñ㽻˲ѡʻһɢ޵û츳ǰǰڱڷ飬ڡһںˮһ㣬Ϊһʱ˽𵤺Ϊ˵ڲ뵽˴ħж֮ǰʵѾڵϯˡ˵Ż¬ʿһĽ֮Ա˵꣬ɻĳҶСʵ֪ҶΪҪ֣ô仭ȴ֪
ҶСЦЦصҪѰһλʧɢѣ¬˵ѳüΪƶѡӦòһ˵ġȻ˵ҶСȴǻȾҶԨո˵ڽųڳʱʱҶԨǺϵġ˵ֻΪҶСһֱ벻͸˾ҶԨʵỹضݡң˾ҶԨôƽնһ
Ƭ̣ҶСȻ˸ո¬ʿ˾˵иã׷ʵԣµҲһȵѵķˡлᵹҲʶһ¡ո˵ȵѻиã


һ ÷ҡ
ǺǣǵǡӦûڻֱʧɢѰɣЦЦ͸ҶС˼һģ˵ֵΪҲҼһ档Ǹ˵֮ˣ˶ֹػ⣬һŲŲʡԸִྶͥˣҪˣʱǿȥְæ˵Ҫ֮ʮ񣬾ûһϵֵΪ壬ҲᾡѵġڵݣҪӦñȵԼҿݵöˡ
¬ʿ֮䣬ҶСЩԺˡ
֮ǰڴʿлõϢʵҲйţȴû뵽˱ǿҶԨʮ֮ˡҲǳĴ֮һҶСڸһѾѼЩϢΪڵ֮ҶСҲЩŵġ˵ڶ̶ʱʹӽ𵤳𵤺ڣ츳Ҳģɶڰкûš̽ľ¬ʿмˣӡ֤֮£ʵԾ͸ǿһ֡
ڵ˲ɾɴİ佱֮գҶСҲǡǡǰһյ˲ɽ¡ȴûлصԷ壬ɽʿۣһҹʿõϢЩרŵ̽飬ҶСѾȷˣʱΪҶԨǰڳȡȻΪȣҶСȴҲҪȥһġ
ɴİ佱֮߸뵽ħ˵ʿӷ磬ҶСҲ㵽ʱЩʿһȵϢõҡ֮󣬱ֱڣȥ̽һȵǺˡ

峿ҶСѾ˲ɵɽµȺʱһɽŴ󿪣ӭ׼μӽմʿɽ
ȻѾȥ˶ʮգҶСɽ֮ʱǱϳҶСԼ֪ʱڲɵĸ֮Ѿ˰һĴڡΪʷϣܹڲɵűȶ֮нʮǿʿһҲûмΪĹЧӦʮգȥԷѧʿͲ֪ж١ϧЩʿϵɽĶûȻҶС뿪˸Է󣬻вٴŵǰ̽ѰҶСϢϣܹɵġȻҶСȶһ뿪˲ѰһգһҶСûñ˴ڨһͼҲҶСˡȴҲδ˵ֻƴ˵պлᣬ˿֮ࡣ
ҶС񱾲ϲ߼ȥ˻᳡֮ҰԺõƧ֮

һɵʷԽϣģԽ䷱ȽҲԽĶࡣҲԱ⡣һȵľɴᣬϵĸǼȵȵ˲ʤ䷳
ڼ䣬ҶСҲ͵͵۲Žյ֮ˡΪһ˵صĲǶ˲ɲ뵽ħ˵ʿļСɶ˴һͬ˴˴ȻˣпҲ˵ء
֮ҶСǸֵʿʼ䷢ɴűȶĽǿʼʮǿʿ䷢֮ǰѾõĽһ̣ҶСȻĪЩϾҡҶС˵ʵ̫ش˵ĽӼʵĿ֮Уһʿ̨ϣŲɸ߲ʿ԰佱ҶСʿζʲôǶڲɵڵʿ˵ƺǼλ԰佱ʿʸϣŵʿܹô٣Ҳһ¡
׽緲еʿ˽ǲͷ¶ƼķǷһڡȴ֪棬޵óΪԵ컯ȴı䲻˵ıԡΪ˽𵤡ԪӤǷߣԾˣµķʽ뷲졣
ĵȴ֮Уֵ˰취ǿĽ֮˵ĺҶСҲӦ̨ҶС˶ȴҲиδҶСڸԷȴǿȻ֮Ȩһ̨˱ǰ˸ĹעǿĴҲͬǰʿҶС佱ǲɵˡ
Ȼ֪Ԫ٣òֻϿοȥʮ꣬һ˴Լģ
ķȽڱ׽ڴ˳ҶСԷڵʿҲòòԵĵͷȥֱ˳ߵǰ˿˵ҶСΪõΣǲʦպҪŬʦĹҡպã
Ϊ΢ͷҶСֻΪĵģʢ֮зҡǷҡģҲ棬һСγ̵Ŀ֦֮ϣ߿ɫȻƶԴСųһȦ߿СӣǴķҡˡʿ֮ʱΪ֮ʱΪױħ˿ӡǷҡڰܴв
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ЩѾվԼڵⷽСصĶڣԲŻĪĵҲһ־η֮ġԶСһصҶСȴŲһʶϸ֮ڵδ˵ԭΪʲô磬ӦǷϡԴһʼҶС֪ǿĴڱȱȽǣֻδﵽǸ֮ǰ޷õӴһذˡҶС˵ͷֱӦ磬Ҳ¾Ϊѡ˵۽仯ҶС֮ǰӴҲзΪҶСദôãѾϰԸ߽ʿ
˿ҶС̨вǰʿȻԸݰྶͥ⸱ȻģЩơ
ҶСδȥ̨ϵ룬ֻǷҡһֱ㰵ϸ̽һȷȷʵǷҡ󣬱㽫뵽ϸ֮СϾǬϸΪȫһЩˣҡȻ֣һҪȥ̽һǸˡ󣬱ҪȥѰļҩڡ
ڰ佱֮󣬱Щħ˵ʿӷ硣һܣ֪ԭ츺ħ˵ĴԼʮеɶɳʿ˴Ȼ˵ĴɡеɽָڳΧ֮ڡһνɾɴĻᣬħ˻˴β뵽ʿ䷢Ľ
˵ǵһĽǿƷɽͬȼֵķҩѡһµĽ¾ѾԶԶʿܶõļҵˡҶС񾭹˶ҲδӵһƷɽһʿҪ㣬ҪӦΪҪľȥԼķõԪӤǰΪʯҩ֮֮﷢ˡһ԰ˡļֵѾԪӤʿݡ


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ҶСվҲǸˣǸֻжʮˡʱҲἤҡڲỼûʧʱȻϾпܼʶȵݣȴǲӿ˸ֲ²⡣
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ֱ˰佱˽֮ȲתֻŨüۣ߱ڡȻ΢Цһ˫ȴǲŭ֮ʣơòɢƣҶԨдҶСҶԨĽ飬ﻹῴٶ֤ҶС϶νȱȻҶԨ֮ͷųɷݺҲҶԨһ޶ֻһֱգʵҪضȻ顭
Ȼֲ²⣬ʱȴҲֻܵȴ֮ȥҶԨ˵
ֻҶԨдԵ˵µô٣ȴ㷡ħȫͬиλȴҵõ˷ʵΣΪޣƷɽһȴҲȷٷš±ƤԼɽȴҶڴ˴δ֮±ὫһͬµУпĵѡǰȥ¡ʱʯٽʯħ˵֪ͬ˰ſɷ񣿡
ҶԨĻһ䣬̨ڶʿһ̾һ糱Ļ֮ļֵʯǲ뵽ħ˵ʿ٣һǿԷֵٵġһЩɵʿԴ˲һЩСɵʿȷҲвôġټҶԨĵȻҲʵѵã߽ʿҲġ
ҶԨڸ߽ʿ֮ȴǱָ졣ڸ̾ҶԨɵ֪ǡи̾ڵô˲ţպĶʢȻעΪ˷ʽһ׵ԪӤڿΪʦȻдʿͶ¡ֶزʶʿ˴֮ˣԴԼĵС
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ҶС񿴵̨֮пЦҶԨ㵽Ϊ˷ʽȴһδı䡣
ڻ֮΢һЩ֮ʱһгĳЦ֮˳δֻ˵֮Ϸʵĺȵû˰
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죿ҶСδرע⣬ԣҶСĿһոշ̨˾ȻҲʶ֮ˡǱˣǾϴεɱȶ֮ʧټ⳾Ǵͽܡʯ죡
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ѾԣʯǳҶԨȥġҶԨüԣʵ
ȴʯһЦתŹ˵ȣԭҶԨݵɡڼǰΪħ֮˹ᣬͼı֮λ֮˷֣Ųֻ򣬻Ϊȡ
ħ֮ҶԨı˶ɱħΪħ年ᡣ˻߽ʿҲǲţΪľˡΪҶԨǵˣǺµҲǵˡҶԨĹħ壬ҲӦûص˵ڼиɸ߲㶼ڳʱ˵ġܽΣ˶Ƕˡ
ҶԨ˵ʿҶԨƽȻ˶ڵˣ˵Ԥվáһڿʸϵĸ߽ʿ˵տƾʯ㵱˶ǰ˵£֤ݣ
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һ䣡ԵʲôɡҶԨһŲ֪Ҳ⣬ҿ㵽óʲô֤ݣ
ҶԨıҲһȻһ紵ԿȻģ
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üҶԨ̾Ҫ𣬵һҲѰԼԼ춯ʯֻҪһͷ¼Σա
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һĻĻһݵʲô³˵֮ûһס
ǷֱиҶСȻĽʶ̿ʱ̨ϵˡ˵עϣҶСֻҪСһЩӦòᱻ֡һļô£ʱҶС񶼲ʯһΣҶСʶ¡ʵ¶֮ģ浽ʱҲȻ˲ˡ
ڵʿҲ֪ҶԨһֱиãҶԨҲڳ˼áҪ߸λıǣħ֮ˣҶԨ֮ͨв֪ǺͼıٷȥڶҪħ֮˵С


һ ͽ
ߣʯ죡˵ħħôʲô֤һ˵ħأ
ʯĻδ˵꣬һҶԨЩʶһֱ伫Ϊ֮˴ȳһһͷ̾д˷ʯ֮
ʯҲȥ磬Ȼֻһģ̨ϣĿɨ̨Щ֮ˡ
һ£ΣҴʯ˵꣡ʯ죬Է飬ҶԨȻҪܵϳͣľٱ֮Ҳ١òֵŷ֤ݣߺߡ
һȣ˵ڵһԪӤʿΪҲϡ˳˵ȴҲ˲µһζΪϯӵʦҶԨֱ֮вǴͽܵĵλʱվ˵ȴҲмֲ˽ĵɡ
лʦ壡˽֪ħ֮˾αװ֮ˣ졣һƿ׷¶ר֮еħ֮˺²κ𺦣һΪ֮Чħ£жƤ죬ᱬڣǼҺ׷¶£Ǳ˴˺ˣԸܷȻ¼ȻվȻǲ϶ҶԨͼȻȥ׷¶Բų²ߣʩƽ׽
˵⻰ʯóһöƴСƿԼӣԼһڣ˵Ȼһڣ׷¶Ҳĸλǰ𡣼ɸҺ׷¶
ʯ˵꣬ʿϵ̨ȡʯе׷¶ļλ߽ʿݵļ֮󣬱϶ѰѼ׷¶׷¶дЧֵҲǲ͵ģ治֪ʯǴӺδΣ¾ҶԨı϶ǹħ֮ˣʯҲٲһ׷ʡ
νħԭӦǾħ֮У֮еħǵս֮ʱġħӦѷĻЩħ࣬Ǿôȴδв׳ʹҽջħħ֮ʵЩصħѨеħʵ㶼ǱħħޡȻЩ֮Ҳֻ֪ħ屾ӦôеһΪе࣬δ̫ȥ֤ΪЩħ⣬ħ֮˼ٳ֣ÿÿһħ֮˳֣úʵǿħͷħħͷÿһԻĴ𶯡
˵ĿһģһΪŮϡ
ֻŮҧҧ촽һģ˿Ҳۡᶨ˵ֻҪҩˮû⣬кβң
ʯãżֽŵһ˿
΢΢չһ±ʱӣֽӹʯе׷¶
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ڼҪ׷¶֮ʱҶԨͻȻȵ
ߣҪʲôĪ㲻ȣ
ʯɫһ˵
ȴֻҶԨ첽˹ù˼еƿ¼εСһȻûκ״ֵݸ˼ͬʱ˵׷¶ȻҲ֪ǺӦòкί£Ȼ
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̧ҶԨӦһһͷ׷¶ȥ
ʯ죬㻹ʲô˵ҶԨȻ׷¶תͷŭĿֱʯ죬·Ҫ̻һ㡣˳˵Ҳ˵͵͵Ѽ°ȥһ¾ҶԨΪˡҶԨڳ򲫳һƾĲʲôʴƾľɱϣ
ǺǣһͷǸӰɣ
ʯĻҶԨһתͷȻּƤȻĿʼԳһѪߡת˲֮䣬ԭļ֮ϾһĴѪ߿飬Щ߿黹ڲšںϣۿҪ¶⼡ǵ
ǣҶԨһĻҲæʵôô
ңȣǡԵü٣Щ϶˵˺ѾǴſǻ磬硭ңĲħ塭
Լֱۣ˫ҲԱѪ죬ѪȫѪ֮бѳƤ֮һ㣬ˮ˲е䡣ֻǴʱˮҲѪһ죬ոջһ˿˶ȴѾȫѪ죬˫ۻѪᣬмֲֹ
磬ңħ֮ˡҡ
˴ʱ˼һĻòżħ֮ˡȻ岻д˷ӦΨҶԨɲżħ֮ж϶Ȼʯ׷¶⡣̧ͷһΧ˶һѺõĿԼһ˿衣±һѰѼͬʱһɿɱѹͷųȥתֱʯ죬˵ʯ죬ýҩ
ҩĪ㲻֪׷¶ûнҩУѵ㻹ָȥһħ͸ļϸô
ʲôħ壿Ȼ׷¶⣡ױΪôħ壿ۼԽȣΧѾʼһ㵭ѪȻЩ־ģֻڿвš磬ҡ
ǣ㻹ҪƱ磿ҿڳǷһ㣿
ҶԨ̧ͷɨһȦȻĿ֮˵ĿⶼѾñ䣬֮ǰǰ㣬һתͷնмӵǰȻҲЩͬɫǵлһֲơ
ͷеļܹܵ¶ԽԽߣۿҪܳܵļޣ֮дһȡ֮ҶԨĶʱͬɭı֮УһƺЩϤĸٶӿͷһִֺǼʲôҶԨֻôʱĸƺ֮ǰѾܹΪ޵ĸоڸβû֮£¾ԽԽ٣ҶԨͻ䣬˫Ŀһͷһ㣬ʯȵ㵽׸ǲ
һ䣬ʯػҶԨķɽȻһն˳ȥֻǰһҶԨķɽѾʯĲ֮ϡһ̣ͼʯ۵Ѫ磬ת˲۱ȥҶԨһɲ֮䣬˶δʲô֮ʱѾնʯۣͬʱʺٶȣѵĻǽڣ̨еĽʿʣǶһԼܷпֵܵ
ֽʯʺķɽһͨķɽҶСаٸнΪǷɽҶԨ彣˴Ҳӡ̨֤ȱҶԨɡǴ˼ʵ̫ɻ󣬶ҴʱҶԨΣҲû⡣ոټȴ˳ϡ֮֮ҲͰˣٶ¾к֮ܶҶСȴҲӱܡ
ҶԨȻͻ䣬֮ǰѾʱӦͻĸ߽ʿҲһʱӦҲҶԨٶж죬ж
ʯԼĸ첲նȴɫҲδһ¡ǳѾƤסʺȴԾ治ɫǲмĿ˵ǣ޷αҪ˺ƤôûнҩҲԸʶ䣬ħ֮ͽλǰͬտʯҪڴˣֻҪλͬҪҶԨƭҪѵ±Ҳ޺ˣ
˵ⷬĻʯ㻺˫ۣһɱϤģʱ׼˿塭
ǲ˵ⷬãڳôĸ߽ʿȴҪٱ֮Ƥӵ±ɱˣǺεȵܣԺţҪЦ


һ 
±к˳˵ҶԨ츳ںδкβ֮٣ħ湦ڿϷ·ɽعҵȻһ·⣬ӣٰʮĽ㾲ⲻ˵ģ
áҽҩֻҪܾʲôҶԸܣҶԨһⰲ֮ԾȻţţͷͨһȥȻİʱԸΪ˵ãҲ֪ƾԼʵĳҪõҩҲǲܵġһ߰ͷжϥȻΨһпܾ¼Ψһ֮
ۿʱȻΣҶԨҲֻбϥ
ӣִ̣Բ򣿡ո˵ԪӤʿҶС֮ԷŮȻȷħ֮ˣħ㾹ֻ֮ģȴ޻عĻڸ֮⡭һ壬һʱԵҲпԭٸһλᣬԸع;
ۡ
ʿĻ䣬ʲôϵ
ʱͼҶԨ˫Ǳżƣı֮ȴûӰеֻǽصɺѪ
ԪӤʿ˵֮ʣȻֲȥڡۡһʱҶԨԭǾ˫ȴͻȻÿնֱֱԼı䣬ƺǲǰʵ
䣡
˺һҶԨͻȻʲôըһ㣬˫Ŀó죬Ҳ֮˺һ׹ǰǷʲôʵſϽʵˣԼĻӲıµֻԼ֡Ѫ
𡪡
ҶԨ˺ѷεһŭ𣬺
ѪԵҶԨֲޱȡ⻪ǣ÷ɽնɢĽâͽʯͷ­ͷ­˳Ʊ㱻׵˸߿մע⵽ͷ­ݵĻᷢʱ΢ЦţƺҶԨʱıһ㡣
ҶԨһոѾһεڶʿڲٳɣȺ֮б㱬ŵ⡣ֵģȻԪӤʿΪЩʿûмҶԨĶ֡ոնɱʯ˶ǻֻһȫʩΪ֮ͬмֵܹڳǰҶԨȻվ˽ڵĶ塣⿴ղһҶСȫʩΪĻҲϾһܹʤ
ʱʽûʣԳҶԨȥ˶ԪӤʿͬʱЩ˶֣ǴҶԨҲǲֵܵġҺõǣΪֻǶԸһʿֵĶһЩոս׵ԪӤڵʿΪڸһЩľͶûгˡӦɱţǾ仰ҲΪЩ˰ӣûҶԨ
̫죬һѾҶԨƺҶԨȻѾױߣΪȴûӰ췢ӣȻƾ𵤺ڵΪһȻȫסҲûܵʲôˡ
ҶԨոյֵסǰļ˸ĹβԪӤʿһҲԶʿȫֻ⻪ԳҶԨķײȥ
˶ΪҶԨҪ֮ʣͻȻҶԨǰһų⣬һ±ûһǽ֮Ϩ𣬱һɫӴҶԨǰҶСöαͼסո̨ϺΣҶС沢ûӲˣһֱڿ˼֮ơ
䡭
һĹȫαͼ֮ϣαͼ֮ŸɫȦΪЩЩԪӤʿæ֮гУҲûеҪȡҶԨ˼Թرǿ˶ĹȻûнαͼ׻ơһαͼǰαޡ˲䣬αͼ֮еΪǿʮαҲԾ˳һʱ̨ϱĸαޣЩʿսΪһšΪҶСΪƣЩαΪҲ߹ҶС񣬶ԪӤʿν˿ûʤ㣬ȴࡣңҶС֮£Щα޻˿̨֮Уÿ̨֮һƬҡԪӤʿЩαޣĽʿȴδֵܹסЩα޵һʱԪӤʿΪ˻ؾԼɵĽʿʱҶԨͷȥɱԼһӪαޡ
ս֮УֻһӰһҫĿһ·̨ϣ˻δǺˣзɳһöӲӵӤȭͷСĽӣǽһ֣̫һҫĿĽӲӹԡת˲֮䣬Ծ̨ͬʱɢҲ̨ϵԪӤʿҲܵΣա
ΪһʿЩԪӤʿһԼҲΣգ̱׷ɢ˿ܵ
ǵӰȻҶС񣬶֮ͷųȥı֮ǰѾƺ˵Ľը˶ԪӤʿмҶԨɱһ֮·ģҲΨдˡ
䡪
ҶСͷųöըһҪԱ𵤵ĽʿƣѾ˼ԪӤʿʱһͷųŵ÷Բǧ֮˸ڿԭӵըһ㡣ԶʿҲԼ˻⣬䲨ԭڱƳ˽ըܾ֮ٶȱԲдơ
ҫĿ֮УģܹĵӰɳżٶ˵ءȻ֪жȻһҶԨȴҲûԸðűδɢĽըóȻȥ׷ġȫֱǰıɢ֮󣬲ȥ׷֮¡
ҶСһԪӤʿҲһɱ̨αͼͷųڶαޡҶԨαͼ׺Ϊ񱩵һ֮ҶСԼܻסԼҶԨһͬ뿪Ӱ߿ʯ˿
ҶԨȻŭȴûʧȥǡʱҲ֪ԼҲαͼ׺˵һΪ񱩵ıը֮󣬾һͬŽ𵤱ըһͬ˳ȥ
𵤱ըôԪӤʿҲȥӲҶСҶԨȴҪſ񱩵ıը֮ܵĲȻ١ҺõҶԨƺڵΪлҶСܵҲǿԳܣҶСǻܺͻȫ飬Ҳǿɱ̫ˡ
ոһɳ𵤱ըķΧҶСסҶԨһֳöһҫ㻯ŹԽ˰סһͬ뿪ʱ˴˵ءת˲֮䣬˱һȻƾһϽΧĴһӦѾڲˡ⼸ҶСȺ֮ʱõģʱҲǻ˲ʯΪľΣ֮ʱã۸ߣȴҲһ˼ö
лѴ֮μģ
һӳҶԨ㳯ҶСһʩ˵ƺѾƽһЩ˫Ŀ֮Ȼǳ죬ѾЩɺԵɺѪԵøΪˡȻĻǸмۣ֮ȴʮûһ˿顣
㲻ǵˣ
ҶСҶԨ˫ۣʵ
ҿҶԨҡͷʵ֪ǺˣΪҪð˴վ¡
ҶСƬ̣˵˴˵֮أˣҴӳȥ˵
ȻԽ˴ͳȥңԪӤʿƬ̱ɵ˴ʱԪӤʿƤ¶ѣʵԪӤʿĹΧ֮ڡ
ܵոռ֮µӰ죬ҶԨȻָĵȻǲӿһ޷ƽñԼĻ˭Ҳ޷һ¾ƽбŭͺ⡣


һ 
ҶСҶԨݹ֮󣬻ʯ˿ʱʯһˣҶСոڴæ֮ʯ˿׽ʿҶС񲢲ʶǿʱλһЩԪӤʿһ𣬱϶ݲһ㣬Ա˳°˵мá
˸ոշɳûãȻһƬĶݹ׷ͷĹȻǼԪӤʿĿѾܿλã˵Ƭ̣˾ͻ׷
ҶСȻ𵤲٣ǽըȴֻиոһöΪҪƳɽըǱԱĽʿڲȶĽ𵤲СѰ޷ġһҶСѾܹ͵ԪӤʿķʶһЩãҲ΢΢ġ
ۿĶݹԽԽҶԨӦҲûܹ͵ԪӤʿ֮Ȼ֮ǰӦʹ˳֮ҶСöһֽ˴ͳȥʯ˿ΪֻҶСĿܣҲиһͬˡ
Ϊ漴ͣҶСҲ֪ᴫÿÿʹһζðһķաпܱ͵ԶɣҲпܱͻزɵġ
˵ƺƺԣһδ;ֽ˴͵һԶ֮ءһҲɣ̾ͼ嫽⼱ٳԶȥ
Ͼ˵ٶȻǱԪӤʿ࣬ûñֱڶʿǰ׷гԪӤʿ⣬ڶΪʵĽʿҲһͬǶԸʿڽڳͣһԪӤʿѺ͵ֿġ˵һԪӤʿӣһγڶʿ棬Ѿһʧˡ
ҶСѾֻʣһö޷ͬʱ˴ߵġοεĴͶˣҲҪǷҪʹˡ
ǰ׷ʿδӦмнʿٶȣΪԪӤʿİԶҶСҶԨٶȲϿšûã˱㱻׷ۿҪ뵽Χ֮ڡ
ۼѾӵóȥҶԨҶСҲ͸ɴͣƬ̺˱㱻ڶʿΧסһԪӤʿ֮࣬ʿʤ
ۼЩֻΧδֱʩչҶС֪Լ֮ʱ°ʿ°ˡ±˿԰籽ŲסʯԳìסʺΪʡЩ鷳ҶСѾֱն˻Σֻһĵ
Ǻˣ˵Ϊ°ҳǹȴһʿǱ֮ˣŭȵЩǰ׷֮֮ǰ֪ҶСҶԨ°ˣֱոտ˲ŷ°һˣһȴ뾹ǳǹȵ˵֮Ҳпƣڵ飬ôѳǹȵ档Ҳ֮ǰûע⵽˭뵽ͬǽʿͻôϢı°ˡ
һ֮ԣԭΪ˴αȻǾһҶСдϲ±һУǳǹȵᵽԼǹȿͬвĴ֮һɡڣҶԨɾͶڴˡ
ǣµĵӿɲô˾ΧǶˣ˵һû˷ִ磬˿ɾѲˡҶСЦЦһ̸Цģ˵ҲˣΪһѡȥȻǵǲȻֻˣ
ʵǰһĻ˵ҲҶСҶԨҪ֮Ϊʣȡ֮µԪӤʿΪΪǳ֮ǰ֪ǳǹҲ°ֻҪҶԨȥǱҶԨ˲Ҫ澡ʧ⼸׷ٵʿҲӲ˸ϵǳǹȵʲô⣬Ǹûʲôùӳԡ
˳֮ʣͻҶСλã¿ɲȵʿ׷ֻҪȥ֤׷٣ȷȫ֮ԻġȻ˵ţҶС֮ϱ۳һâ۶ɢ£ֱָл֮˵ĲٹһеʿǷ˳ǹȵˣȻиʿ׷٣ܻᾪʿʱҶСҶԨǲѷˡ
ҶСвһԪӤʿŭ޷죡֪Ǻˣкαи̣ȱȻܾĥһССʿҲҵ̸УǸһᣬϷ֮ˣǷȥ֮ǰ֮¿һʴȴҪ£
˵ĻҶԨȻЦЦҶС񣬿λش𡣴ʱѾһϵƣҶСķʣҲѵĿܵġʱȴǲ˵ڣȻ˻Լ̰ӰҶСжϡ
ҶСҲᱻ˵Ŀ֮ԻסһЦ˵ȻˣǾݹ²ˣ˵нâʵ֣ȻǳǹĲ֮ϡǽâһ˵ĲƤʺѪҺ
ѽˣͻȻǹȵʿæסҶС񣬼ҶСĽâֻǻʵƤδʲô󰭲һŭĿһ۸ոտҶСһۣתͷҶСº˵ãҴӦ㣬Ҳȥ׷ǶˡʱŻŻҳǹȵ֤İȫȻ
׻˵²ҪģҶСҶԨѾû·ߣ⼸ֻǳ˰µġҶԨԺ󻹿ץǳǹȵ⼸˿»ȥ˲Ǳǹȵʿ͸鷢ϾҶԨڳģǳǹûʲô̫ϵġⱻҶСһţʱԪӤʿҲͬĳƺڵҶСΪѡ
ǹȵۺıӳǹȵ׷ɱкκôǱû·ߣҵǲ汳ġûκֻ֤Ҫҳ˳ԻȻȥ
ҶСĻǼ˻˼ۣͬʱ֪ʶ֮д˵Щʲôʿ˵ǺáǾ㣬Ҳȥ׷ǶˡҪڿҳǹȵƽȻǻ᲻ϧһУ׽
ʱҲǡǡãΪڴ˵ҶСҶԨҪӳҪԼʱңʱպǿԹҶСҶԨӵһϰȫδľ롣ֻҪٳΧ֮ڣ˾ͺǵ׷ٵģһʱҲ㹻ЩҵҶСҶԨ䣬ҽץסˡ
һΪ
öԷòҶС̴ӦתҶԨһͬź嫽һ㼱ȥתۼѾɳԶѾ˲ʱ䣬µһ¾ͻи˷ҶСҶԨ°ʶ׷ʱҶСҲˡҶСֻҪһʱӳ㹻Զľ룬Ҳ׷پѾ֪ˡʵ̸֮ԼʱжòҪΪ˫֪ԷأҶСһ뿪ЩԪӤʿԶԶĸں棬ֻҪһҶСҶԨ޷ֵľˡҶСȻҲ˵һͷʵģҪֻԼȫˡ
թЩ˲֪϶мΪء˶ʿǰɵЭ飬ҲǿԻͷǵġΪǿʳ֮У˵֮඼̫Ʈˡ
ȻۼҶСҶԨĽߣһԪӤʿվ˵Ƶѵ֮Ϊ鷳ƵѼǶˣһͬزЮֳǹ֮ΪҶСǴ˴ξɴűȶǿ֮һƵĪҪֻҪ˱ɣһе㡣


һ 
ǼԪӤʿ˵ͷжȻʿһα͸ˣʶǾǰر۲Ҳ޷֡һɼĶݹֱҶСķ׷ȥ
˸ոЩʿ׷ٷΧҶԨĽԼӿһֽ⣬׷ǰԶҶС񣬿˵л֪ѸմպĳҲдУƺĴδʶ֪ΪҪð˴¡
㵱治ǵˣϲ˭
ҶСҲתͷҶԨ۾ʵ
֪ѴԺ⣬Īǵʶĳ
ôɻǵöɵҶԨҶС񡢱
ɡҶԨظҶСĻҶԨ˿˼Уһʱ䲻΢΢üµĽҲ֮΢΢ʱͻȻһԲҶԨҡҡͷ˵´δȥݣ˵ļҲδ˵ѿϴˣ
㣬еķɽģ
˵ҶԨ̧ͨĳп룬ҲδɽǴӺδãſĬĬⲻҵķɽǴġ
ţֻҶԨϿʼеĺֳ
ƺʲôԪƣӡס˲ּ䡣ʶ̽һԡ
δڹҶС˵
ҶСһʶҶԨڿ˼֮̽ҶԨʶ֮Сһ̽룬ͷʶ֮оȻǵһ㣬һĴ׳ǰƣ֮ǵǹӰһ㡣ҶСʶһ̽룬㱻ɺӿҶСʶ
ҶСһ֪һӰƲСʱںҶԨЩֶʱ򣬵±Ͻ˳
ҶСʶ˳㷢ҶԨҲƽһЩȴڿ˼ԼΪβǵɽġ
ȻǱԪƣҽƼΪǿ֪ķ˷ôۣʶ֮вơһͬˮƽĽƾҵҪҲҪϲ鷳ģѵʲôˣ
ǰҪôƽ⣿
Ҫôʩ֮ȥƣҪôԼԪơǽҲǷ϶Խֹ֮ͨʿ£ҪΪƽǲܵģ㲻㵹ǿԳ԰ǰ飬Լƽơ
ڿҶԨҶСַֹаԼʱѾңҶԨԼҪ֣Żز
ôɷ񻹼ǵ֮ǰЩʲôʵҶСһʼҶԨǸĪͱģһ޶üðġҶԨʱģǼոҶСҲδʳڡ
֮ǰһֱɽӣãáҶԨֻ˵һ룬ᵽ֣˵ȥֻ˸ոռһĻԽء٣һ˫ҲٶȺðһ㣬ó죬Ҳ૵νõ֡
ʱҶԨֻһƬѪ죬˫֮жǼѪУҲֻõһޣƾڶߣԶߵĺ֮
磬ҡ磬ҡ磬ҡ磬ҡ
ڶ߻졣
ҶԨڻ֮УΧ𵭵ĺֺҶСѾǵһμڶǰҶԨһ֮ͬʱֶһҶԨԣҶСҲʼҶԨ֣ϣָܹҶԨƺѾйرһ㣬ȻҶСĺšҶԨµĽⲻûΪʱ״̬ڲǿٶҲڿٵš
ҶС֪֮ʱͻȻҶԨǰأһϡת˲֮ǾԽԽŨԽԽǿ˺ѹѹһϣסҶС˵ȥ·
ַȻһ֣֪˴֡ȻҶС˸һͣ½Ųǰ֮еɳʯϳһۣȻһžסȻɴСһĸɳʯ۶ɣȴҲóǰǸߴмʮɴСľʹŭݡ
һſڣԿնúƴɽ֮йι˵Ǻôĵӣòͷɣ
ǷʿԪҪСģҶСػеѵ
˵꣬ҶСδӦ֮ͼҶԨѾһȣŽŭŻӽն˳ȥһƵͬʱһ㣬һ޽ϵĻ棬Ⱦ˰ա
ҶԨĹҶСͬÿÿʩչͣƺƴ󡣾ӲĳԷնҲ˴ơ
Ѱ·
Ҳɳʯ۶ɵĴкζм黳СĴʯͷֱҶԨײȥۿȥǼʯͷҶԨĹһʵ̫СǾǺƵļʯͷȴܻ棬ҶԨɽҶԨϡ
ÿһʯͷУҶԨܵޱȵһ㣬ײˡ
ס֣㲻Ҫ˵СôȴǼҶԨܵػٴвԷҶСȵ
ǰȲһ㣬Ҳвңһ䣬ҶС㷢Լֱ֮ϾȻƱʲôס޷һԭеʾ˳ȥ
ʿҶСǰҶСʿվڷǰĸоһġиʲôвҶСܹвɹġʿʩչʲôǽʿ޷ֵģ˵ֵ
ת˲֮䣬ԭҶСеʱ㱻Ǵþ˻ȥ
ڣȻһԪҲƣ
ҶСа̾һΣѾûʲôӦ֮ˡתҶԨʱڷɽ֮ϣһ㣬һڿڵѪңϵĺҲԽŨƺѾѹϵļơ
ǡһ˴»ҪöңաʹĨɱҲ̫ˣһسǹȣɱúдȣ˵⻰ͼǴļȻſֱҧ
ΣգҶСҪ룬һתŷ֣ԼܵΧҲڲϱԽҫۣξ޷ܣȴҲֻܹ΢΢ŲһѡҲ֪Ǵʲôӣʹ޷ͬʱ֮䣬ҲܵԼ廹ܵһֿľѹȣǿҪľѹվ
ҶС״ǿãֻǲжѡҶԨʱͲôˣȻһɿȣ³ŨѪһѹ˫ֱ㶼˷ɽ֮ϣûſ¡
ŴԽԽҶСþȫǲܶ˼ԶԿѹܹ֮ƶһ֡ͬʱ֮ʶ֮Ҳ۳˰Ӱɽɽһ𣬳Ǵն̶ȥҶСĴҲڷתţǧһ֮ʿ˼֮ôΣܻ죬ѵͽվҪڴ˴֮ǰȻΣҲв٣ΣҲв٣ÿÿֳܹһ˿ǴʱǷʿԪҶСȴһֱûҵӦ֮˴ʱеҲĬˡ˴־Ӧ֮ĻȻӲ˵ġ
ҶСն۳ķɽ˳ǴǳŴᡰסһ⣬áնҲ΢˵ԪӤʿ˷ʿ㿴ġ⵹ҲŴ΢΢һʿҲٿʶ֮ǼΪټġҲ⣬ȥҪЩرĽʿԪеײʲôܣ


һ Ǻˣ
˷ڣʿҲѾʼԪ񡣾㲻ȥϰҲԪ֮ΪͬʱԪҲʼʱתԪϵĲ֮Ҳ࣬һֱԪĳʶ֮鿴Էļ䡢˼ȵȡ
ʱӦѾѹȵȫ޷ҶԨȴһ£ӿһɵĺ˲㽫СǺŴȻһͣǰһмֲź
ǺϷԽŨֱһī֭һ㣬ҶԨΧװΧס
ҶСܸܵģΪϤҶԨеɷݺƣֻһΣɢɷʵ̫ŨңȻʵһ㣬һѰѵĵڲиΧĿ
䡪
ڣҶԨϵŨͻȻһ㽻֯ķȥ
ǺߺҶСķԼٶȻָж˲䱬˼£ͬʱܣһɽУһһĳҶСҲһŨŨɫ棬ǻһ֣ҲҶСķɽ֮ϵ뵽һҶСһΰ𷢻ӵ˼¡ԶԶȥܿҶСʱһŻ渡֮УǳĻ֮лһɫ档ʶҲȫȥնûɽһ˲䣬ҶСԼܷӵȫ˳ʱǲܣֻǷʿԪ춯ҪȥƴݺҲԴУ
ҶСչֳʵŴȴΪǴʱѾŨŨĺڱסҶԨΪɢƣѾܵһ˿вȻҲͣ¹
ҶСҲǴǱҶԨһŲҶԨǰʶٻҶԨͬʱ̽ȥҶԨ׷ʲô仯ʱҶԨȻɢŨҵɷ˭Ҳ֪ڵڷʲô仯ŨҵɷݺᣬֱȾΧһ㣬ɷȻʼЩ΢ת䣬ĸоҶСռ֮дãʱ˵ظĸомơһȴɢŨҶǿ벻ʲô¡
ʱҶԨһźٶȷ仯һīĺͺһһֺźĻһ㣬һһ֮䲻ӿʲôһ㡣

ֻź͵һոմǺ֮зһǱһȫ˻ȥȥʱ򼫿죬ʱ졣ֻһ֮䣬֮ǰɢȥĺҲȫź˻ȥ
ҶСҲֻΧĿһ±ůһ㣬֮ǰɷ˲ţǴĹط˼䡣쵽׷ʲô仯һͷͼҶԨź֮лӡ
īĺ֮̽һֻţ֮žȻǴƤһɺѥֻһֻѥӣ͸һֺضɱĸоֻžô̤˳ֱӲƽһ㡣󣬱ҶԨȫں֮£Ǻ֮˳
ҶСʱܹͣڰ֮УҲҪнά֣ͷͷں׵ҶԨȴܹƽһ㡣УѾ˽ʿˡ
ҶԨҲһûκα֮£΢΢ĳ쳤͹ͷ֮µʹֱԳֿҰŵһɺѪȾɵ硣޷Զ졣θոȫ߳ź֮һźһȫӿ뵽ڡ

ںȫҶԨ֮ʱ֮зһֱ뵽һռ֮СպȻ谵Χأףʱһ޺һǺ֮д
ҶСҲͻȻԼȫĵĶƶ˱һ㣬ĵ嶼˸͸͸ġ
򡭡㵽Ǻˣ
ΧͻȻ˱仯ŴͻȻɫ󾪣ʵΪָܵоҲոһݶѵƽʱ˵ѹ֮ֻѹΪǿԵ֡ѹֻǸӰѣҶֻǶԱԼͽ׵ʿãǵ߽ͬ׾ͼûӰˡȴǲͬԼȫƵһռܹȫ򣬶սʵķԾʵȻҲм
һԪҲ˿˽統ˡڱǺˣò˶ͻ֪ģǱһ̿ҪˣһԪͲˣ͸ɣ
һ䣬Ŵȵıδȫչ֣һպһ룬źڼ֮һһڵ磬Ӳײɳʯ۳ɵľ֮С
䣡
һ֮󣬾ͼɷʿԪûľƬƾҶСҲȫǺڼ֮˵ʲôдܣʶֻ֮ǼײǴ֮ǰڼݵһɲкûκκƴƵһȭѡ
ЩԭΧžϿľһҴ㶼ɢΧɳʯҲһĴеȥٶ¶Ǻڼ֮˵ΡֻôʱһӰСˣСƴ˻ţݱոǴмơƾҪѣǺڼ֮˵Ĵ־ǯһֺ˻ҲһҲδܷ
ߡ
ֻǺڼ֮һһ׫һͷ㽫еǵӰ֮¡ģȻǽǵӰ˿С
ڣʿķΣʹ˻⡣ֻҶСɫȴûһ˿˿ĺתֻüǰ֮ˣʵ
ǺˣΪҪռҴҴôˣ
˾ͺûһ㣬һʧҶСǰҶСδô֮ʱѾٶֳΡֻǴʱһ͸Ӱ
͸Ӱһֳʵ壬ȫǰľһ㣬˵Ǹո׷ҶСеһˡԭոշ߷״ʿԪɱаҪ룬ǰһͳڱУȻһ˿Ҳ᲻
ֻǺڼ֮˲δֱӻҶСĻһģԪӤʿͷ­ǱԪӤʿͷ­ͺƶһĵϸ顣һԪӤʿף仰Ҳδ¾ͱĨɱˡͷ­һ飬к֮Ľ֮ͼôʿʬ֮ͻȻһɳϸһȥǸཱུİƴССˡС˸һɳûףͱǺڼ֮һ˻ָһ㽫С˴ٳ롣
СʿһΪڡԪӤһٿٿ֮¶˽ӲӵɢĽɫɫƵĹһ֪ɼȾ
ֻǺڼ֮˵֮һ棬ԪӤ˲ɡǺֻһȥǺڼ֮˲óһ뱻˿ԪӤ˿Уһ׸ҶС񡣼ҶСֽӵǰԪӤ˵һ룡£֪㱾Ǻˡ˵꣬Ǻڼ֮˱ҶС񣬿ζ
ոһѾԪӤҶСӹǰԪӤ֮ԱɣһſڱȥǰԪӤһڣأڻһůҶСڲתҶСڵԪӤ̺֮֮࣬ǰҲ֪ȶٸҪˡһתۣҶСڵѾǾˣǰԪӤڳϵͷ
˲ôʱڵҶСصǺڼ֮ˣ˵˵ˡ


һ ԪӤ
ˣˣǰɲġҶСһᣬͻȻƷʲôЦ֮£ͷЦҶСص˵ոռʮȥѾǽˡǣΪֹʲôģǺοࣿ
ҶСţֻͨ͸һ㡣ڲ׶ԷڽЩʲôЩڶģĵֻҶԨˡǼᶨʵ㻹δشҵ⣬Ҵôˣ
硭ҶСĻأͷڻʲôһ㣬ֵͷ˵еĴ֮壬£һƥеܻȥĻټġ˵ķӡѾ޷ѹȥ˴ҾҪħҪټȻȥɡ
һ䣬˵ɺһƾʧҶСǰǺڼ֮һʧձ֮ǰɭȻҲȫȻʧ
ҶСʧ֮Ȼŷ˺ʧ̲סĴոҶԨ˹ٶȷ롭ټ˵һЩҶСһͷˮʱҶСеһһãȻĸоǿռҶԨ壬ΪҪʱܽȳһֱΪԼѾ㹻գҶԨȴǸӱ֡

Ѿˡ㻹ҸطԪӤɡҶС
ĻҶСžһ΢΢عһŷִʱѾٳһᣬǿҲҪӴˣ
ʱҶСһŷԼλþȻѾʱͬȥ·ĴؾȻǱѩƵİããһƬû뵽Ǻڼ֮ڲ֪֮ѾԼת뿪˳
ҶС㳯·ȥһɽ档һмɳɽնһṦƳһ׶
׼׻󣬽䲼˶ڴƬ̼ɽİ˵һ׵ҶС뵽׶֮Уȥ
ҺƵΣһȻԽԽңȴҲǲŲæǰԪӤ˺ڼ֮Ȼһֱڲϵͷٶȴʮֻֻ͡ҶСʱ˷ѣȻֻҪͷŵᱣסԼİȫˡ
ҶСһֱæڸδΪ֮ǰΪɿ˵ʱĽȷʵЩȻովʣҶСǷ֣嫵
ʵʵĲࡣԼǧղ˽Ϊǰ滹Լ޷ֿԪӤʿϣжԷһԼֺܶĿֲʿ׻ǧ֮ʼ£֮ʱ˵ĻǷʿҲǴһҶСȴҲãȻǼΪʵľ޴࣬ŸҪһΪĻᡣþһа취ԼΪ
֮ǰҶСĽѾӽڱͣ޷ٿٵԪӤɢҶСѹţӲʹϵӿ֮СѹʹֻԼܸܣһֲͬʹĿʹһΪľڣؼڣҪܼʹͬҪܾ޴ķգΪԱ֮ʱ֮ڵΪżơˣҶСƾԼƿأţʶǿɳϵ֮עϵԼΪԭͲȱΪϸ֮ŴĽŵȡãȴ˾ʹá𵤺ԪӤűȻҲǲͬġҶСϸ֮гҪѹܻע뵽֮Уڵȴǿֱʹ뵽𵤡ƷʵĲɲһ㡣
ȻҶСʹע𵤵ǿȺٶһֲǽɵһĳ̶֮ڻǺƵƿһ㡣ٶڽͣһٶȣҶСμӴȣҲһ֡δȫͣͣյٶȴ޷ټӴһˡҶСҲٸٶȼǿȣȻᷢʲôԼҲѱ֤ˡ
յﵽ˼ޣԪӤɢŲ˲һѣҶСÿһ֮жѾΪе֮ʱҶС壬ľƾֱӴѾûκáЩԼ޷գֻнװͷųȥˡ˾ΪԲ¶װ˷ѣδ̫
ҶСзɿת˼Ǻڼ֮͸Լһݡ񡱡ֿʹΪԼʵ㣬ΪŲòȥ౾ܡӦ֮ʹҪٱ˰ڲҪ㹻ʵԣΣһݴһֻҪõĵõȻԼδԽչΪкô
ʱҶСԽѧйһһСĻǸʿʱϰĻŹ塢ͬ޵ܹԾ״ǿʶնԼϰĿԻĻħȵΪԼյٵԼǴݰѧ
һֱҶСϰ࣬ǹȴǲ١ƺڤڤ֮еҶСѧЩ·ĳЩĪЩ΢ΪЩеĹΧ֮еЩʹûתҲʶĳڶ๦֮жֻʹ֮δж漰͸˵תˡҶСʼʵһЩЩ֮ĳֹϵֱѧϰʱŷЩǿ໥תģʱʶҲ͸롣ӡ֤ⷽʶߵĸԶֻǣĶֻһЩɢ뷨ûȫںҪʶתΪܹ֮Ҳһ֮¡
ת̫Ķ䣬ǳĸй򣬴ﶬļ任޲ڤڤ֮еĳСÿˣÿĴڣһСݴѿٶȿή˥ܣ޲ת̡
֮иʽܡʶֱ֮˶ΪõȻҶСʶ֮⣬󡭡
ڷתҶСڲϵ˼ĵȻЩͬôܷ໥תȻǿԵģΪõһӣͨԽʶתΪȻתô֮ͬ໥תµҲἰ˵֮ȡ֮ʱǿԲ࣬ȫԽ仯ΪãֻҪֶǡ
ǰδе뷨ҶСвײһɢͷʼֱֻǵóһۣԿ໥תֻҪõôҶСڵӦÿ໥ת˺嫵ֻҪкʵķҲԽתΪʶܣٵ֮չĸʱҶСȴǹܲôˣֻҪܹҵת֮ѾǼͻˡ
ҶСյΨһת֮µжԴ˷иΪ̲ҶСҪѰת֮ΨдӴ˴֡±ֿʼ»жת֮Դӡ֤µö֮еĹ


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һһ ˪֮
Ȼת뷨ʱʵҲһ˲ѡһ˷ҶСһ˼һ߿ʼһ룬һʵûҶСѾ˼ʮַǵڣڵڲӣҲδҵǵķҲѹ֣ڼ˸ЩټںҲһ֮¡ƾʿصԵȷҲԴһЩҪﵽҶСҪʵķ˵Щ̫ǳˡҶСʵĶһ綥ĴҲ˼Ĺ
ҶСԼ֪Լ˼Ĺһ춥˵ʿҲδⷽ߳ԶֻƾԼʶһ㳢šϻ쳣Լѣּƺڤڤ֮бѾעõ¹ȥص֮תɡϾֻһʿʶޣܹĶޡûһ۽磬һζĿڱ쳵
ǣҶС˼ݽߣ뷨֮ʱоͺһһ㣬֪¸ȷķҶС츳һĳַʽһУ̱ͬʱǧ뷨֮ץסһ㣬һĲԣҶСģģĿʼҳһ·
ҶСڿʼȷŵβ֮ʱʱ侹ڲ֪֮в֪˶١ҶСֻڵѾٴﵽ˼޳̶ȣǰԪӤ֮еѾͷһҡʱԪӤеͷųһɾѾ㽫ҶСĽ𵤺ӯھȻѾͷųһ룬ҶСڵжŨȺǿȱ㲻Զˡй壬ԶͬʱȻˡ
벻֮ҶСҲֻܿʼͷųһЩⱬ֮ΣˡҲɣһ˿ŨҶСԼոķһ㳢Խתδʼ֮ʱҶСһ뵽֮ⷽʱǰͻȻһȻʵĸоʱ֪˷Ȼˣһ㷢ֹȻЧûһᣬһ˿Ļŵˣһ˿뵽ҶСԪ֮УִԪ֮ע뵽ʶ֮С
ԭתʶҪȾԪ󣬲Ż᳹ױԼʶաҲһĺôǴ˷ǿԪҲżãԪʶĺڣԪǿʶƷҲ֮ߣǷ֮ǿʶǿԪϵĻҲӰʶš
Ϊ֮ǰҶСԼת֮ǽתʶתĻҪԺˡҪǸϽЩ޷յȫתΪʶһҶСʱľȣҲ֮ǰ˲СʶвСİ

תۼ䣬ҶСǼ׶ͣ˰֮áһգͻȻһɽ֮з˳ȻһֱҶС񡣸һһУ֮ɽҲɢȥ
ҶС񾭹֮õû˷ǰԪӤ̺ʱڵﵽʷ۷״̬ʶҲһٻָ״̬֮ǰܹҲ׻ָʶɢܹǰ֮㡣⻹ǴҪΪҪǣҶСʶת֮Ժʶ֮䲻۵ԼΪˡ
ƺҶСһע˸ֲۣν⸣СѲȻҶԨٶʧȥϵȴֽԪӤͻơ塢֮ǰѾﵽ˽һƿһΣҲֻҪЩ΢Խ׵һˡ
ʿһ˽Ϊһ㼶Ҫۣ츳׿ԵʿҲҪܹһ׵ġͺ˿ذޱ˶ĴУѪǹܹڲڴﵽڵΪʵҶСôʱΪһֱûʲôԵĽչҲģ֮ǰΪ̫죬һʱЩӦˡ
Ҳ֪ںδֻҶСĽԽԽߣԽԽߣֱ֪ɵ˶ߣʱٳ·ȥ֮ǰɽҲСһСˡǣҶСĿ֮һƬİããֱѩǵľɫԸߵĸɽҲ֣ҶСɴδ˹һƬضڱѩ֮еġ
ĪѾڶʤݷΧˣ
ҶС˽⵽֪ʶ棬ʤ֮ǲӦ˾ġ˹ıĴ֮оֻб«޲Ż֡
лŲ²⣬ҶСƾֱ˸˹ȥڵһ±ҪȷԼ֮ôҪҵ˵ټС֮ǰȺйƵľڵҲЩϰˡ
ԺѾһĸӦĸŴҲܸӦһЩġҶСһ߷ţһҲں˴˶ӵĻȻҲ˾סʿкãȷѩ治֪Щ׽ķġ
ȻûзɳãҶС㷢·Ĵڡ
ҶС·һȺ߰ͷĲΧһͷƤëѩ׵ľܡ⼸ͷҰ޲ʲôޣֻѰҰޣ֮ɱȴҲǾĶǡԽǶӣҲøΪһЩǾܣǲǣԶҶСڶʤѰҰ޸ӽ׳˼֡˵عʳĶӦԶֲïʢ˵ĶʤݣһĸͷȴûСһ֣һ״צ
ҰȻˣ治֪˵صľǺ龰ǷҲЩҰһȸĶʤݵľӱ뺷һ֡ҶСҪߣʶ֮з·ѩеļԹľ֮оȻżࡣǼ˵ģƺڽǰɱǼͷҰޡ
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ûҰ޵צȴӵѧϰӵͷԣƾһһ²ϷչļգټıԱԼǿ󼸱ĵˣҲԽսʤ
ܺųƱֻ֮ǿֲԵԼԵıܵƤëϣΪһΪٵ顣
⼸˼þȻܹԵһͷܣʱȸԾȻǰ֮ǰû˵ֿҲӰǵ˷֮顣ǻ׼ȥȡ֮ʱȻ֮һֱǷ
һˣǼһȻҶСĽͨһ¹ڵأͷ­ֱҶСмһݲϵ߲ΡΡ̧ͷ˵ӭɣ
ҶСʴ˵Ǻεذˣ͵λɣ²·ʸ·ѡ˴񣡡
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һ߶ ħūӡ
ҶСͣҲӴһЩ˵ɣʮ֮δδ뵽ɻǰ֮ﻹδ׼㡭
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ڶʤݵ׽ȫģߵ˼ƺﻹϵ
ͺ˵ǿǵһ˭һɻ˹ĳƺһ˵ģ߶ʱܳеļɵҲСһЩҲǲΡΡġʮȴɹɣ
߶ҶСʮֹҶСͣ𡣴ʱ֮ҶС⼸˼öƷ鵤󣬱ּŽ⳯һȥ
ǼҶСµġɵе˷֮ϲŵɫЩЩġ
ԭ˴ȻѾڱ«ˣֻЩԴ˴Ӧûǽӽڶʤݵı߽򡣶Ϊ«޵Ļ̫ӣϡһЩ׽֮ĹϵԶȶʤеöࡣ⼸˲Ż˵֮ĻеɻԼϽΧ׽һЩӻʹ䲻ܵ޵ţǽԵ籩ĳǳأżǴ򲻵ļʱҲһľȻҲҪԼṩ˱ӻһЩָƷȻЩ֮õϵĶոǼ˵оͻᰲŸŮڳǳڱ˪ֲ֮һҩȻҩҲЩνǸǵġֻҪʮΪڽ㹻ҩˡȻһЩٴ֮ʱֵⷢһЩмֵĻҲǿԵġߵĻ˵صеʿȻԴ׽ķǸ߸ϣ̫׽ʵȴǵ˱زٵáıӻŻʹô˵صܹά֣һʢ
ҶСҪȥķ򣬾˵ķеֻѩɽҲЩ׽ʥصɽڴŵ֪Լںδ֮ҶСҲûŻصʤݣΪҪƻԪĵĲһζϡͳԱ«ޡԣһֱ«еޡԭҶСǼƻ⼸ϵĳңԶı«޵ģǴʱȻѾ˵أȽ⺮Ūˡ«޵Ĺ󲻱ȶʤСһ㣬ҪҵԿɲǼ򵥵顣ҶСԼ򵥵İ취Ҫȥҵص߲ǡ
һУҶСҲ̸šΪ֮ǰǺڼ֮˲ҶԨ˵໰иԻ˵ĿƺҶСʶһ㣬ҶС񲻹ֻôʮͣʶʶԼô᲻֪һ˵ƵҶС档˵⣬źʱڼ֮ʱûаʸ˵˺һ󣬲Ҳ²Ǻڼ֮˻е˼
ҶСȻǺڼ֮Ī˵ǾʶһġˣˡΪ֮ûֻת˵ġˣǿԪԻһƲл꣬ƲлҲȥҲЩᱻڵĹֱٻȥΪ񡣵Ȼǲлٶô˱Ӵʧˡ磬ҶСʶУûֻתһ˵ġΪ統дδйתֻһ˵ҶСҲܻȥҶСǷǰԵʡ˵Ҳû³ŵĿܣҲֻҷ¡
ǰ꣬ǸʲôħŹ
Ǻڼ֮˵ҪҶԨħҶСҪȻҪȥħġ˵ΪӵʿȵΪӦûбҪƭҶСһССʿġԵǲر˵Ļʵԡ
ħŹħ֮еħס֮ءͨѱжϣǺڼ֮˵ս֮һħǳذɡںδȻҲ֪ˡս֮ӦҲ²ħ֮ˣǲ˶ķչӦҲչһˡ
ҴеĪǾħ֮ˣҶСɻʵ˼Ų֪ҶԨ˴¼ԺܵʲôӰ졣֮ǰڷһ飬ֶǵáֱ˸壬治֪ôڳ򣬶ڱ׷ɱ֮ʱ˸壬ټǰҶԨɢĺһ鷢ҶԨϣҶСÿÿһ𣬾;ƺʲôıΪλĪĶһãֱʯ죬ôҲ˴Ҳڴ˴һһ˾ɺǱⰲšҶԨһܵĴڱһֻ֣һСڣҶԨںδҶСֻɴܹջָǣҪʬһ㡣
˵ɡħ֮ԻһʱռҶԨ壬õħһħūӡǡħʿϵħʿиħūӡǵ˭ħūӡǣӴԺʹһָӡħ޵ҲҪӦĴۣʹõԽԽ࣬ɥʧǣȫӸӡǵħޡңħֻҪԸ⣬ʱԪٵԼħūϡĳ̶ֳ˵ħūӡԶҴԪƻҪǿ࣬ҺõÿħµħūӡǶƵġħӦ֮ǰѾҶԨħūӡǣֻһֱδְɡ֮ͶħһĿ˻ѡǸӵд֮ĴΪħūҲЩ֡
ֻ콲ҶСԽľΪνħʿƽʱǸоԼʮңԶ֮¡ƽʱżֵһħѨгЩħˣھȻԼ֮лδվȽŹھȻֳ˲֪ħ塭
ҶС֪ԼҪҵħһҶԨ֮¡˵ܷҵħܹҵõڵʵҲ޲ġ
ħ֮еһЩ֮ҶС˳˼֮Сһδƽһδȳɹڸոյ֪ҶԨϢȴֱ־ҶСҲпΪ˶ĲƫƫҪԼߣһССĽʿʲô֮һܹ֮ҲδС飬ÿÿ֮ʱҶС񶼻⽫ȴĵԱ֤ӰЩһһȴʱʱ̵̿ѹвġ
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ʱҶСеΪеĸо
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ŪˣƺҶС˱עҪһ·ۡǾˣҶСȴҲһ·ߵڡңڻʱ̣ѾصߣȻľ̫ãҶСҲŬӱ֮нȳһĳźõķչҶԨȻħħūӡǣԼ֪ţ֪ܻֻ㹻ʵպܻĿܡοԶͬʿʵӵ綼Ѱ
ƾһִҶСһߵ˽졣ڣֻҪţǱᶨȥҪȣҶԨҲҪѰŪˣҪһ֮·


һ Ůͯ
ҶСǰԪӤڵԳʵ࣬ʱٶҲǼ졣ת˲䣬һѾʣɳԶ
֪·Ѿɽżɽ֮ƽ֮أǸɽ滹ῴһǳءΪǽΪݣԴĥ֮ȡůǴ֮£Щ廹Ὺֲ˵ȱ֮ػ˾档طߵĺۼΪǳǳػǴ󾵶Ƿܹ֮ġ
ģǰĳǳسֵԽԽ٣ɽҲԽԽ֮ģ¶ȱøͣΪڸ߿֮ҶСķжѾܵӰ죬ò͸߶ȡΪĻʵ̫ӣѾۼǷҰ޳ûȴÿÿһ󣬱ῴȺҰ޿񱼶ʲôһ㡣
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еٶȲ죬ҶСҲֻһ߷ٶȸں棬һʶϸ̽ΧﷶΧڿɷߵĴڡ
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÷ɵýˣСŮҲҶС񡣲һ̵ľٶȴҶС⣬ΪŮһҶС󣬾Ȼתƺʮֺһ㡣ǱϾǸʿΪСӣٶٿܿ쵽һ˲㱻ҶС׷ȥ
ŮȻֻʿΪٶȵҲмֳҶС⣬Ǹʿ֮ʱûٶȵġοܶͺѩ֮Ϸһ㣬ɵѧҲһۼ
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ŮҶСƺʮֲֿһ㣬ʱһµ֮Уŵ˵
ҶСδСӴҲ֪ԼôҲֲСͻᱻŵòܶĵز±ʶСŮסʶƽŮҶСʱЩڵʱûжϰһ֮Ϊŵаƽľ֮ĵͽ׷䡣ȴǴδԼҲõҲδ׼
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΢ƽһЩ󣬲ſ˵Լֻ·⡣ͬʱѯΪλһڴ˵ء
ֹһСŮҲƽһЩҶСƺ޺ģ֮ƺҲʮʡҲô£̧ͷǰ֮ˡ
СŮһ̧ͷҶС㾪ȻտɫģֻںĤ֮ϻһȦȦԲȦһЩϡٵҲģбɫȴҲԵøֿϾԲཱུݣҲԵøӿɰһЩӤʵĶ쵰ϱ׼٣ҲóǸӡ
ۼҶСƺѰЩ˲̫һСŮſС졣ûлҶСĻʵ㲻ɽץҵ𣿡
ҴδҲֻ·Ҹ·ѣΪҪץ㡭

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Լ죬ЩԺֻص˼ǣ׺ĸȴѾˡ
һŮ˵ȴû˿ǲ֮һ֪Ӳϻ۲ͬҲܵǳϸĽ̵һ㽫ǰ󽲵ˣս֮Ҳ˸¡ж֮СŮЩ䣬̲סҪȴסССͣݸǿҲ˾塣
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ҶСɻ֮ʱȴһ̾̾˿󿪿˵㻹δôĸײ壬Ӧɽ֮еһޡǧǰзֽȴˡ
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ĸױ׽֮ǰֻǸҪȥŮ죬ᶨ˵룬ϰΪðĸ׾ȳ
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Ů֮ǰƺҶСá㡱ģ˴ʱȴѾĳˡҲ˼ܺʦļ顣
ŮƾΪܲٿ棬ͷųķΧС츳Բ˵ܴ֮ſҶСΪҲû˵ġҪͽĻǸϼ֮ѡҶСȴǴûģԼΪһûվȹŸʸͽܣ
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̫ˣŮһʱϲɫȻ⣬ǻǷЦЩɣӵʳڣ𣿡
ǺǣʱҲҪġȻٱǧǷԸͽܣҪʹǣͬʱ֮䣬ҶСѾʹǷԸɴϻ۵ͽܡ
ҶСĻ䣬Ժ֮дһЦȴ˵ǺǣԼ鷳ƸˡСŮģȻҶ֮˽ⲻ࣬ǽӦҲˡ
ĵΪһʼҶС϶ӦȻδ䣬ѾҶСϸ֮˳

ҶСٶ֮ʱĽ֮ѾһˡǸѾΪʦСŮ
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ΪŮֻʿΪ֮ҶС˻⣬ܵ߿յľ뺮Ϯ
ҶСױһЦ˵С磬˻ҵġǰҺ͸ĸһ֮ʱرġ
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ҶСĽת˲㵽ʿһҶС㹧ʩһ񣬿˵ǰ²֪ν£˵֮һƤ仹ſͷ׳ݵĺʮģ
ѣҶĳ˵ءֻѴ·ˡҶС˵ִ꣬ɻʵ֪ΪʿҺҪƿУʵѣĪǴ˵زӭʿ
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Ƭ̹ҶСѾ˽˴˵ΡԭҶСλڱ«޵ϲһ䣬׳Ϊ򡣱«޲ͬڱ߽֮˵һЩԽǿ¶ԽǵͣҲԽӡȻҲŲȴҲֻмΪļܹռˡѰСҪǲܣΪԽǿеҲԼΪǿ˵ΪϼѵһǱռȥˣһ϶ġʣµһСֲűռ˹ȥķΧʮֹܵķһҲɴС
˽ı«޵ҶС㿪ʵʵѣڱ«кԳû֪ѿ֪Ϣ
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Ǻʲô㼶ޣһѾӵ弶޼𣬾˵ÿһΣ᳤ΪԣΪﵽ޼𡣶ҾǳԺ󣬳Ҳò˼Խ׵߼޼𡣲Ϊʵ̫죬ȥ˻εھ˾żҲǲܻεġ
ʥ沿䣿ֺƲʲôɵӣҶСʵ
ʥ沿ʵҲǸѾõһġ㲻ʲôɣҲʲôҡһһСҰĴڡʥ沿֮еʿ֪ǰǷʿõЩʿ֮Ҳܹеľ硣ʥ沿ȻѾ꣬Ǽϵ֪ҲЩ;˵ˡǹʥ֮¶Ǵ˵ġʿ˵꣬óһö˵ö֮бϵͼʥ沿ڵͼбעġ
ҶСӹʶһ̽ȻһС֮ĺɫעдʥ沿漴ͳһнʯҪݸʿлҶĳдţЩʯ͵ҶĳһЩССͼķðɡ
ҶСһץнʯ߰˿ţЩʯҶСûʲôоǶһʿ˵ȴǲСļֵˡƴ˼䣬˵Լ˵ʵʿ֪Ķ֮еĵͼҲʲôֵߵĶ󣬲ǼöнʯʿµҲǳȣ˵ǰҲ̵ܹס˵Լ˵ĶʵֵֵֵǶԷȻָĻŻ¡ȻھóȻ£ͷȵҶС˵ĲʲôرмֵϢͷƭɵġ
ҶС˺ˬ󷽣֮ǰ˻ʾҶСǰʥ沿ǰ֪ȻѾ˥üɼʥ沿еʮ԰ĵ׿ЩʿġѰҲʲôǰΪǵʥ沿ϽҲҪһЩġʥ沿ܹ˶겻ܣʿʵȷʵҲǲݺӵġ
лѣҶСٴл֮󣬲ŷ֮оûдӰױ˵׽ĸ׵ɡ¹׷һʵѿ˵¹
¹ӦѾˡġǰĪǻҪȥǾ¹
̽һ¶ѣʱܲȥġĻҶС˵ʲôҲҪȥ̽һ°ױĸ׵ĻһһؾͲ֪ҪˡʱȴûôʱġֻܵȵԺл˵ˣױ˵ȵԺԼ㹻ʵٻѰˡҶСڵľԼæ꣬޲Ҫôʱȥڱϡ뵽°ױѾ޶ˡ
ȻҶС˵˻ʾԭˣǰҪȥĻûǴ̽ٶкܿһ֮еĴ籩֮ǿǽʿҲ޷ƥеģҪȥͨͱҪʶ·;֮˴·ſɡ
ҶСлһ㲻ٶתŽ뿪ֱǰȥ׵ľʹ̽ԵϢЩϣȻ֮䣬ҶСȴҲȫšҪȥĵط֮бעһСĽ

պһСĽҶСŽգֱԶȥ
ʱҶСҲһƤȥѾⱾصʿһ޶ˡԵİױҶСҲһɲ֪ʲô޵ѩƤëƳɵƤϡҶСɲֻΪĲͬͱ࿴ġ
֮ǰǽ֮Ҳ˽˲ٹڱ«޵ˣʿԶ޼ͬʱҲʥ沿йصϢ鿴һ飬˸ŵӡ󡣴֮УҶСֹȻҪǺԵĻǴʥ沿Ϊ򵥡ľżкϢģҲǲ׽ӰȷϢʵҲڱ򣬾˴ʮңԶǲ֪ǼǰϢˣ綼ˡ
ҶСһеʮգŽ뵽ʥ沿ķΧ֮ڡٶҲҪʮգҲԿʥ沿ľ֮ңԶҶС֪֮ԼѾʥ沿Ͻ·ֳЩ΢ĲϷУǰҲԽŨ
ʵ֮ǰҶСͺ֣Ϊӵõ֮˽⵽ʥ沿ռݵȻҲһ򡣰ǰ˽ģʿֻǴ壬ӦǲҪҲԵġ˴һͿѾãܹĻ֮нռݱȻҲḶٴۣ鷳ġȻҲǶżá
ʿеһڴ˵رǿʿҲѾһˡжȻҲе֮
ҶСں֮ͻȻʶ֮Ϸ˼ʿʱһǣֱǼʿȥ
ھмʮʱǼʿƺҲҶСһŷǴų죬ǰһǴ̣ųĲɫķֱҶСֻһˣÿ˵ķ֮»һͷ޵ʬ塣
þˣͼǼһĹͷ֮վ˳ҶСȵ˺ˣҴʥ沿Ͻѵ֪˴ֹЩʿ룿ٶȥĪҪҵϣ
λҶСϰԵĸҪڳƺԷΪѣȴȻʿܳƺѣĿڵλֵܣ²ءˣֻΪײġ
˭ֵܣߣһʿҲҺҵȳֵܣûʲô˵ģΪҲͣǿȥĪҪҵȳ֣㡣
ʥ沿֮˹Ȼʿûʲô̬ȣƺҲҶС񲢷ƽʱЩ˵صѰʿԲһٿţδֵġ
Ϣŭ²޶⣬һֱĽʥ沿̡֮ȻԷƣҶСˣһʼͰѹϵֽЦ˵


һ ʥ沿
膪£ţֻǹͷ֮ɫһһ֮һС̤֮ŷֱҶС
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ǰ⼸Ȼȥǽʵǿ׳ȫʣһСɽһ㡣ʵҲոչżѣǴͷĹͷ󺺶ҲǴ徳ѣո൱ʿʵ
ֻǱΪţ֮꿴ȥƺҶСͬģȻҶСµĽƵҲ֪ΪȻͣȴû˿ӡһ¡ȻŰ䵶ȴûҪȥȡ˼
ֻͻȻӴͻȻһ㣬ͻȻֻٶȼ죬һȭǰһȭں󣬴ŻХȭ㳯ҶС
ҶСû壬ƾڵΪҲһ嶼δȫﵽʿ˺ġԷȴҲ㣬һȭϡ
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ţһ̧ۣǡҶСдЦžͲʹ˳̾ţϿɾ͹Ҳסˣһȣȫһȭ֮ϣ򣬼ֱֱۣƶȭͷһȭмֵõȭ裬Ĵ˼˿磬ֱҶСؿڡ
ֻҶС΢ֳһ˿Цݡֻǡǡţȭ֮ʱؿƺ΢΢һ񣬾ţһУͼţ˳ȥֱֱ·׹ȥͬ
ȻոҶСţδʲôǴͷĹͷȴŵ֮һ˿ȷ༸˶Ϊͬ鱻˶߷֮ʱȴһ֣ס༸ˡԼһԾոţһһȭֱҶС⼸ɵѲС鶼ʦһˣѧʽͬġͷ󺺵ʽһ㡣ҲѰȭ磬ʵʵڵ硣
ͷ󺺵һȭƼͣΧ֮ڶһ粻תҶС̤һȴΪ˶ǹͷ󺺣ΪѾӰ쵽ԭİױԲߵǰסҶСȴ΢Цһ˷ɫָ̧ԼţǿȭͷһûκƣǾͼǹͷػһ㡣ֱ÷ɳȥҵд徳ΪйԼķûţǰѿ
Ҳ֮ˣ
Ǵ󺺱Լ΢΢Ѿû֪ȭһĲŵʵΪ֮ǰͷǰ֮ڵֵţ֮ʱûмһ˿ȫʵղһ͸ӡ֤ԼĲ롣ʿʥ沿ʮųģʿȷʵᵱһһӭġΪʱѾѰʲô֮ˡ
µȷҲһЩ֮ʥ沿֮£ҶĳҲĽãصӻóһöССƿݸǴͷ֮ˣ˵ոնеˡǼöǰƵĴ嵤ҩ͸λɡ
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ʵʥ沿䱾źÿ͵ķΪ֮һֱܾʿѹܴסһز֪˶ٴۡԲŻöеʿŵж֮ͬˣȫһˣ֮ΪһҵġһҶС֮ͬˣţŸҲôͷָ֮ʾͲĽҶСĶǵĳƺΪҶ硣
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ţĻصͷǴ󺺲ɵҶСΪӦνĽ˰ɣ
µȷոս׵ڲáҶСһ䣬ص⵹Уȷû뵽ԷһΪߵʿҲܿԼΪ
ߣΪʿпҲǲΪ˰ɣ츳㻹֮˻ɡǹͷ󺺿ƴֿ񣬵ʵȴ˼֮ˣ۾ʵ㲻ĸļϸɣ
˲²Ҳ֣ΪЩҪռʥ沿صɸַѾԹʿ֮Ǳʥ沿֮²ûйġ
ҶСûԷɻ󣬲תһҲˡ±ʵصǺǣλֵܶˡλ²Ǳ«ޱ֮ˣǴӶʤǧصظ˵ءλܲ˵ʤ֮Ҳʥ沿ʲôͼıɣ
Ǽ˼ҶСȻ뱾֮ƣǿĵȷǱ«֮ˡ˵ز廹ĸߴ󣬴׳ҶСݡˣȷǱص֮ˡ
ǹͷ˼һ˵ֵĪҲ㣬ʵʥ沿ܴʵס֮ˣ֤㲻ǱЩģ
ҶСҲЩ֪˵ʲôˣϾʵһʼͰĵʱԼһЩ⣬һЩʵ˵һЩ
ҶСδ뵽λش𣬾ǹͷ󺺳һ£Ŀ¶ɻ˵ҿΪӦѾֹǴ徳˰ɣѾǴڣȫһ׻⡭
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ڣҶСĻǴ󺺲¶ɫǼ˶ŵľҶСݺ˵óᣬ˵Ϊʹﵽڣʥ沿֮ҲûʲôʵġԷͬ츳治̫Ƕʥ沿ͼı֮ˡ
ǴְҶСһ˵ǺãǻɡոҵȶеˣֵĪ֡ҶСΪڵĻôҲͿųɼϸĿˡΪļϸڵĶûСܹڣѾ൱ĽڣûĪ츳˭ġ˵ձ㵱תͷĳȥ
Ǳͷλ·ˣҶСһ䣬ȥ
༸˼ǹͷҶСЦݡȴҿҶСֻŷСҶС˫֮вʱֳݵĿ⡣


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ɵ·֮ʱǹͷ󺺻ͷҶС˵Ȼǰǿ»ص㻹ⲻһЩʻ̽Ⱥк
ףлҶСлһ䣬аʥ沿ֽ˽治֪ǾʲôĿʹ̡һССĽʿҪǵڣû˵ΪΣҪ˵顭
ŲϵķУԽʥ沿ڼҶСҲԽԽ֮˴ӸɹҵǿҶСһŽ֮˺ȫ¥ͲƵĿ⡣һǰǹͷ󺺴ͷҲֻͣһɶ
ʥ沿Ĺģ治Сʥ沿ˣ֮ˣ˴ĹģĻһҲû˶ˡȻ֮ˣȴֻͣڣܹﵽϵĲ̫ࡣһֱ˽죬ǶΪܹסһ԰ŬҪ֮ȫûġ
ԽԽ֮˷ҶСʥ沿֮ʱͻȻҶСܵһǿϢԼҶСδܹϢѹʶȻ֪ʲôϢȴԶ϶ʥ沿֮еĸѾԼĵȻǸɢϢڲ̽ԼȻҶСǹϢ֣ȴҲǹϢֻ̽ԼѣƺûƵĸоԱҲδӵֵȻʵҪǹ̽ϢҲǲܡ
ǹ̽ϢδȥҶС㷢һɲƵϢ˵ǲƣΪһʼϢƳ壬̺һɲƵɱڸҶСһ㡣һϢȴǱ֮ǰ̽ҶСһ࣬һɵһҲԶԶ㡣
󲻵Ƭ̣ҶСȻʮͬŴԼķʮжǹͷһͬķΨǴͷ֮ʮ⡣µģһͷԶ༸˽µķȻҲǲɫɫȴʮŨأûй޵ĸоԵʮѹ֡Ǵϲ˫֮ŴִĹУͷҲһ̽˳Ǵٶ죬ͬʱ֣ȴתۼ˶˺档÷ɵĽˣͷĴͻȻһХϢ֮Ȼһ󲻰
߲߲ơƾҶСͿͷ֮˵Ĳɫֻݿʮ꣬һͷڷ˴ִֵıӴԺļ֮ϣ¶˹һֱӼ쵽ֱۣһ㡣
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һ棬֮֮˴ŸҶС·֮˴ȵһ·ҲδܹԼҶСҲδʣԭǸͷ󺺽ۛg
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ǺǣڣԼԡ
ҶСŲ㵲ۛgǰǲ˵ҶСƽͣ˭ó֮е֮⡣
д⣡ǲҶС΢ŭӦȵһҶСµĽƵҲ֪ΪȻ͡һתֵߣҪ֤ΪͲʹһ˿
ȻҪ̽ǡзִ磬ֲ̫ģ
ҶСЦݣ֮ȴ˿Է˼Ϊôǲ׸ոճʾʹ˼ɡǲ׵ʵӦܹҶСʵģҪ飬Ȼûʲô⡣ҶСĻ֮Ҳδʲô档
ߣһӹǣҲҿڳԣ
ŭһ䣬һɹɵ磬ΧϲתЩ羹Ȼ˰ãã۶ɢڵĲ׸ֳ֣ΪԵ֮˾ɢȥ֮˷ǳһռˡһԽԽ˹ۿ
ֻֻ֮Ų֪ʿΧһȦĴ˶ţһǸոսڵĲף˸ոսûãʱˣ򶷵ЩϰΪˡһ߾ǸŽʿȻЩʥ沿˶Բûʲôӡ󣬵ǱϾҲͬ壬ԸҲкôҶСǸֲ֮˳ò׵һҶС˵ʵ̫治һŮǿ׳ٵģһЦ
ʥ沿֮˸֮ˣԺսһ֮дгܶһ·ΪһһԲϣǱ֡˭ȴ򵽶ԷΪֹҲȭͷֻҪֳĴ£һִҲû˹ܵġһֺϷĦȭƻź޲ôԽѲܹˡ
ۼ۹ԽԽ࣬ʶ֮ҶС񻹷Ⱥ֮оȻмΪڲ֮ҲȺ֮Сٿǲƺûжֵ˼ڵԽԽࡣ׼ҶСΪѾˣʵѾﵽڣȻҲûǿοһʿͬʱ֮жܡ֮˥Ǹӣʥ沿仹ܴҲʥ沿һ˵Ѫϰ֮ϵԾͬ׵ʵ֮ʿҲʥ沿˵ĶֵġǳԭǲײŸսҶСš֪Լʿսһֱս֮ͬˡ죬ҪҶС֮ҶԷһڵʿԺ˵˳ȥǶôҫ֮£
Է֣ҶСҲɫȻľĵšɫڲ׵ȴΪӲšҶСΧٲԭΧ֮վ֮ãԲ֣ǲΪǶ˼ɣеԲϵĿɫ¶סĸ׵ǰС˵־ĸ쾡ˡ
ΧΧ֮˿ҪȲȥ֮ʱ׿ΧΧ˲֪㣬Ѿ¼˵Χ֮˺󣬲⡣˫һȭ˫ȭ֮һ͸ĻӰȭһ㣬ȭͷ档ʿֻн뵽ڲܹʹõһ׻ǸոսڣҲܹ۳ôˡǵϺڣȫΧ۳͸ĻӰһ۳Σб֮˵ãܶԹ𵽼ĸá
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Ⱥ֮У֪һг˳


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仰ڳгʶȫҶС֮⣬ûеڶˡҶСʶп˵֮ˣҲһڵ֮ˣƺҲûж
ɲǼ䣬ǲѾʵʵ糯ҶСХźȻΪ˲ǱϾҲڵʿʵʵڵʵһЩġʱ˫ȭ۵Ȼֻϡһ㣬ǾһȴϵƻڵһȭǺڵϣҲ׺һа׵Ĵӡ֮еÿһ˿һ΢͵ըһ㣬ֻҪ׵һȭУըͬʱըһ㣬Ҳֵܵġ
ҶСֻе幦ȴûʲôϰȴҲǲʹõġöԷͣҶСȴҲûʲôɵΪϵʹûжԷ֮ҲǶԷƿġڣͼҶСδһ˿ʲôƣֻöԷһȭ֮ʣһֻ̧ážһ׽ס˲׵˵ǡ̧ҶСʱ˵ĸоͺһ̧ѣǡǡ׽˶ԷʵʵȷʵȻԷٶȼ죬ҶСٶȴҲ죬ֱۻ֮˼Ӱ
ҶСһס˲׵󣬱ϻǯһ㣬ǯסǲ׵ٽһ֡ҶСôǿܵڿҶСϸ֮ʱЩķָֺɢӨӨĹԡ۾ٿȥʲôӨ׹ԣֻ֮ҲһŨˡ
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ҶСץסһȭͬʱ֮䣬һ졣ԭǷҶСĺͲ׵ȭͷ֮еı֮ΪҶСѾȭͷȫסⱩ֮Ż˵졣

ҶСûʲôرӦǲ׺һԭҶСȭͷסӰҲӦҶС񣬿֮ҶСû£ǲԼܵķ֮һ˻š
˫ȭ˼סһԼһȭ֮˿޺ţеΧ֮˶ǲһġΪڵĵ˲֮ͬе˭֮ˡ˼Ҵĳ̶ֳϻʥ沿ʤνһ۶ס̫ˡ
òܣЩԭΪкãҶС˶ʱͣס˿ڣʼԲһЩ˿ʼҶС˺ãΪʥ沿ҶСºȡɣƾĶܣ
˫ֱƣҶСǸȴҶСǸͷɽ©ˮǿܡŭ˫ֳۣһȣ̧ųҶСȥһ˲֮˫ѾСһ¶ʹˡΪո̧׼֮߳ʣҶСѾһţһϥֱ˫֮ϡ
ԼƣʱȴԷòɫƷǺε衣ǲ׶ʱ˲ʹ˲ǸҶСʵԶʤԼ˫Ŀɣһͷ鳾ͳҶС˹ȥ
ǰһŴͷҶСҲ㣬˫ü΢壬ͬһͷײ˹ȥ
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±һײһ㣬һ죬֮вϻص
ԷѾ䣬ǲģҶСҲЩͷһȴûʲô飬ڱ֤˶Էºݺݵ˹ȥһͷײ֮ҶС˫һɣòǿӰ˳ȥͷ­ɹĹ켣֮ϻ˵ѪƮɢ
Ϊڸǰ֮ǰȴãȴҶС֮ıȶֻ˲ѾԼû澡ʧˡ
ױϾмʵǱײͷѪ֫ʹʹȴڵûԶٹĴһ֮ϡײȺͷҲصֱʱķֻʷȥ
ԴˣҶСٲþʲôԣҲ֤ΪҲڡΪܹһͬʱΪ֮ˣõ֤
ڱȶ֮лʤˣЩΧ֮˱ȻΪ֮Ȳʡھ֮һҶСµĽ⣬Ǿò죬ɢ˿ȥͬʱ仹ϵĻͷҶСࡣ
Ⱥɢȥۛg˱ǶҶСǲ䲻ȣȴԱ࣬һҶСۛgһҲǾһʵûʲôÿıȶ֤ҶС֮Ҳڣȷͬʿ
ۛgĴ֮ϣױҲϲҶС񣬿šС磬

ҶСոʥ沿䲻Сգǲױȶ֮¾Ѿڲ֮дȥʥ沿ļܹﵽڵʿر࣬Ҳǰѡ˸ӵΪͬʱּ֮ˣ˵Ĳף治һС¡ڲ֮ÿÿһʿڣ䶼ҪҹףյġҲԼʿڴ˴ĵλˡǴ֮УҶСѾȫһģ˵̤֮ŵĺƵƲʺһɫ⣬߽ӽһɣһ㡣ױȶ֮ʱҲ£㽫׵ԴѪӿȥ
ʱҶСһȫɾʯɵĸߴ֮С
ֻ֮ʮˣױҶСԣרĵĳԼЩĻ欣ֻΧƤȹġ㡱ϹʳҶСһ֮˵һŴ˵زҾơ
ʱλһĿˣ˳νϡҶСȻòδ̽Ϊǿ˶˹ΪѾڡѾ൱ԪӤˡ
ʮʥ沿֮Уۛg⣬ԶڵΪҶС񾭹һս־λΪȷںЩʥ沿֮ڲٶҶСе⡣ʱҶСҲܵʥ沿ĺÿ֮硣
ʥ沿֮˸ǴȾƴ⣬ҶС֮ǰȹ̺ŨƣͻȻҾƵмֲϰߡںȹں󣬷ǾƾȻһ˷θữһů뵽֮СһʱǺ֮⣬ֻˬ±Ҿƻǿʵá
ҶСڶʤݣЩʥ沿䶼δ뿪εʿ㶼ֹסʳҶСһһڶʤݵ⡣ҶСڲűͲʲôͬǰһ㡣һʱϯｻڡҶСδŹļţԵİױ۾ǳ¿нһʳ


һ߾ ʥ
ԷʣҶС񶼻ʵ档ҶСȴҲȫг漰Ϊ֮ĸ֮±㶼ֻǼԴ޺֮⣬ȴз֮ġʥ沿䣬Ȼڿ˺ÿͣ˭֪Լľ˵òԻẦͼı
ҶСЩȵû֮ʱǳ׼δڿڣֻĳò֪ʲôʵĻյ֮Ǳյ㷢ˡһЩԭڴںȾƣ׳ͻȻΪǳҪڽˡ
ҶСֵܣǧĴӶʤ«ޣزǽΪһʥ沿ķô򵥰ɣǳӣҲ֪ж꣬ǿݺҲֻʮһ㡣
ϳϡҶСоƱص˳ΪԼ֮ʥ沿ĽѾ֮⣬ȷԭ򡣼ȻҲֱ˵ˡΪҪ֢ãҪһζϣڶʤ֮ʱ̽ãŵֻ֪ʥ沿ſ֪һζϡһˣҪʥ沿İԵ֮иҪԭ򣬱ҪѰǲϡ
νֲЦˣҶСȻҲһ˵ҪҺ࣬˵ΪԼ壬һֱĽʥ沿䣬հһġЩƭƭЩûʿãЩʶ㣬Ҳڴ½֮߶ĳȷȥġ
֪ҶСֵҪʲôϣ
ҶСĻʿ¶ĺɫΨǳһƽʵ
࣡ҶСһһֵ˵ڣ¶ɫ֮ˣҶСǼλϳ˵Ψʥ沿֪һȷеߵڣҶĳŻóȻˡ಻֮ϳĪ֣µȷǱС
ǺǣԭΪˡʥ֮²ʲôأΪ˺Իҵ˵ȴҲȴǳһЦɫһ˵ȻҲʿΪҲ㲻ףϰ֮ˣҲŻ˵֮ԡ뿪ʥ沿֮Щ㲻öԵڶ˽֪ʥʥ沿֮У
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ҶС񵱳ֻ˵ʥ沿֪һʥһӡȴδ뵽ʥ沿֮С
«޶֪һʥ沿ڣȴǿûж֪ΪαΪʥ沿䡣ֻǳ˫֮кһ˿ϣĵĹԣ콲ǰʥ沿仹ֻһС壬ܾʿĴѹʱ֮ȴһλţ̶֮Ϊеһʿڼ˳峤֮λĴ֮ʥ沿һһյǿʢܵɴѹҲԽԽ١ڲ䲻ʢ֮ʱʱ峤Ϊĸ졣ݴ˫ӵһ޶ĽɫѪҺӵܹˣǵʥ档ʥʵĲʥ沿Ĳţ«еĸڸܵв׷һʥ֮ʱڱǳ룬ʥ沿Ѿչ˿һ¾˴룬ʥ֮ʱѾȥȻ֪Է׼ʥǼǰȥѰ𡣹Ȼڵ֮ʱʥ㱻õļǱ«޴Χս£ʥͬȥİྡնɱʿǧˣоԪӤϵʿаˡһս֮Ȼʥصʥ沿䣬ЩԪˣʥ沿鷳ʥȴҲܵ˲֮ˡ֮ʥһֱںԼһʱçײнµİ߽ʿʹʥ沿伸һʥһ˶벻ľǽԼȫѪƳ⣬ȻΪԹ֮ֽԼΪһʥ飬ӡ֮С׽ԺΪ׵ǿޣѹػʥ顣ʥ沿֮˻ӵ츳ΪǵѪҺ֮жʥѪǷӡʥʥҵ֮˽룬οҪɱػʥĺԡ
ϳ˵֮ȻҲһ֮˿ڿഫ֮£ȴһ㡣˫֮вһ˿˿㽣ۼ֤ʥ沿Сǿ󣬶ٶȻع˥Ǵ˵еʥһ̫һ𣬶ֱ׳¡
ҶСǴδʥʥ沿壬±֪˵Ҫȥȡԣǽ¶ûôˡ
ϳ˵֮ͣƬ̣ҶС˫ֻۣ˵ҶСֵܣҪ࣬ʥǲˡȥҲ֪˶꣬ҲΪֿܵġ
ҶСҲ˵һֱ˼ô졣ȥطѰԣ֪ҪʲôʱܵõѶϢҿ¶ҲҪ«޵пҵǿޣһ·ϵʱͲ֪Ҫ϶ˡ
֮ãҶСȻ뵽ʲô㿪ʵϳϣĪû취µȷ⺮ࡣ
ϳҶСһᣬҶСƺȷǼһͻȻʲôһ㣬Ȼ޾ԣҲи취ֻǴ˷Ҳ򵥡
ҶСĵȻ취ϳϻȻҲǸϺ꣬Զֳ֮ǰͰ⵹Щˬֱʿ𡣾ڸոҶСڲ֪֮ʱͻȻϳ˵ع֮ǰǽ֮пһѶϢû鵽µһ֮¡ټϳڽ֮ʱԱߵۛg¶˲Ŀ⣬ȻҲǵһ˵¡ӡ֤ⶨȻ˭ʸ֪ܡأϳô˴󷽣ҶСէ֮˽𣿾ͬڵΪǱϾǱ֮ˣҲӦò˴󷽽Լġһ仰ѵġȻô࣬ȻҲͼġ
ȻϳϵͼҶСȴҲֳֻʮ֪һ㣬е˵кΰ취ϳʾ
ǡϳгڳ֮˸ģŴ˶˵ʲôΪʥ沿֮ˣ
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ҶС˵ڳ֮˾ͷ׷ǲš
ҶСоȣȴûǰĿɫŵϳ²رףͷϳϸ
ϳƺʮϲű˵θڣһֱһ㡣ҶС񿪿ڣñӣΧ˵һΪʥ沿֮ˣӵ˽ʥʸҪֳ㹻ʵΪһηӡҲûʲôǲ֪ʲôĺܷɱɹʱҪԼĻԵ컯ˡԸʥ沿䣬ǰЩʿʥĺǳΪֵܽã
ղҶСѾ֪ϼһԼĵϼһҲǿԼչֳʵ츳ԼԺʥ沿׷һҪкҪҪʲô֮࣬ȴϼһؾᣬʲôϸڶδ˵ҶСǷԸ⡣
ҶСϲίߣǴʱϼһȴҲòһˣ˵Ľʥ沿ѾãոϳԶʥǾлʥ沿䣬ȻҶĳĪҺĸֻ֡ǲ֪Ƿʸ񡭡


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ҶСķемãϳϺˬЦ˵ʥ沿Ȼô׵ģҶСֵ⣬ҵǿҶСֵܾټʵ˵мֿܡҶСֵˣϷ㽲ϸڽҶСֵܡ
Ը꣡Ȼá
ҶСа϶˵ϲһ룬ϸһŲ˵ҪҶСȴӦڿҲȷûʲôõİ취֪ףҲû취ֻ˵ˡȴӦԺҸܵˡµŵԣҶСɲΪԼһҪصıҪ
ȻҶСֵҪʥ沿䣬ôϷͰѼʥ沿֪֮㡣ϳϵǴԲѣҶСҪҲΪǺԣɲǶʥ沿Ȥͣһ£˵Ҫʥ沿Ҫؿ鷽ɣһҪһҴ±ǹ϶ʥ沿ǷĹͣб׼ȻеʮжڶҪʥͬ⡣һؾҪеٻʥ֮꣬Ҫ룬Ҫʥ֮Ͽɡֻоʥ֮Կɣȷ˲ʥ沿֮£ĳΪʥ沿֮ˣҪܹںʥ澫Ѫһأеһأһͨ굽嶼׳Ϊʥ沿ˡҶСֵܹͨأںʥ澫Ѫ֮廹ᱻٶǿӴӵкʥ沿һ츳ʥ澫Ѫʥ沿Ϊ֮˲֪ģʱѾʣ޼ˡ
ϳ˵ĺҶСȴΪ϶˵֮ԺƶǶԼΪ֮¡ʥ澫Ѫ֮ôҲƲҪǮһģԸԼո˵֮ˣҶСϲڱҲа͡˼ת˼екס
ҶСֵĪǺˣ
ҶСгɣϳϱֱҶС˫Ŀ׷ʵ
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ϳ˵꣬㵱ȾٱҶСһ֮Ҳ׷ЦݣȺҶСΨһʼҶС˵صۛgһֱδ˵һ㡣һʼΪҶС֮Բʸϯ֮ϵġڴ˵Ǹ⣬һʼҶС֮⣬༸ȻɫȴҲɫ仯Ҳ͸ġ
µ޳֮ǰ˼Ҿ֮⣬ֺ˴֣ڲһϯ֮䣬ҶСȻѾӦ˱Ҫʥ沿䡣
þϯɢ֮ҶСͰױֱۛgŵָסס¡ҶС˼ܣΪڲԹɫ֮ˡһ·ۛgɫЩҶСͿоͲ²ⶨϳ˵Ļʲô֪ۛg֪ܡۛg˵ҶСҲֱʡ
ֱסۛgȴû˵ҶС͵ſڣ˵ǣתҪߡ
ۛgʲôǸˣر¶ҶСһ·ɫҲ϶ȻʲôԼ˵Ҳ֣ϾҶСǸ֮ˣϳ˵֮ԶҶСȻҲʥ沿ģ˵Ҳԭ
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ۛgû뵽ҶСһ·δ˵һ仰˴ʱȴʱһӦҶֵʲôֱ˵ǣ˿
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ۛgȻвʮԸ⣬ϳϿҪдҶС񡣱ҲӲͷƤ߽
ҶСתֱšʱױڽҶСһСڣھֻʣҶСۛgˡ
˴ֻʣҶˣҶĳҲֱ˵ˡҶСʶ̿ȷ˰п֮̽󣬲ۛg˵¿ϳ֮֮һֱɫ쳣Īϳ˵֮лʲô飿ˣʵ棬¸мȻΪرı꣬ȻҲǲٵģ
ҶСĻۛgȻһ±ҪǸһȴֲ֪ΪԼʱȻܶҶСĲ㣬ȫǵĲ㶥壬Ҫɫסۛg׾١ͼۛgҶֵҺڣ𣿡
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⡭ҶС˵ֱףǼۛgҲ֪ҶСǿв飬֮ᶨ˵ĳȷûʲôҶֵܵģҶֵܻǿȥʱպ͵δҶֵܳʥ沿䣬Ǳ֪һͶ֮˲ƣҪǺûʲôϣˣ
ȻˣҶĳͶеˣ
ҶСһ䣬кһͷųһʵʶۛgۛgҲ֮ʹȥҶСȻۛgʩչԪơϾۛgҶСԩ޳ҲʩչԪƣԲһ׷ʣϣԷܹʵ档ѯ֮£Ȼ֪ȴӲϸ֪ͲܹҶСˡ
Ƭ֮ۛgתѡҡҡͷһãȻһ֮źȻһ㣬¶ĶҶСˡ
ҶСոոۛgʩչʶ֮ʱǷһ˿쳣ۛgȻֻʿʶȴ쳣ĽʵȫԪΧҶСԼʶǿ̫࣬»治˳ơʥ沿ʿǿʶķҲԶʿҪǿࡣպ֮˶սҶСҪд㡣
һۛgȻҶС㿪ʵϳ֮ԣǷʲôʵ֮Իʲô飿
ˣϳ֮ҲǵһţǷвʵ֮Ҳ޴֪ġղСϳȴһҲδᵽ֮ǰй츳֮Ҫʥ沿䣬֮ǰҲˣǾǵʱȴںʥ澫ѪʧܣġȻ֪Σȷۼ˵ʬ塣˽ȥǰȣǳ֮ʱȴѾȫɱͺǴ˼ĸʬһˡ
ԭˣйȻҲûϳ˵ô򵥡ҶСƬֿ̣ʵʥ澫Ѫʲôϳϲ˵ǵѪҺ֮жںʥ澫Ѫô᲻֪й̣
ˣʥ澫ѪǿŴġҵ汲ѾںϹʥ沿ȴǲҪȥںʥ澫ѪˡʥľѪڵȷǼΪʥ֮ǵʲôӣҲǴδġڹʥ澫Ѫǻһϰףڵ˼֮ʱҲȥȥںʥ澫Ѫ
֮Ҳȥںʥ澫Ѫں֮أ
ҶС׷ʵ
Ǽں֮ٸžųɾŶᵱ͵ػ𻯣ᡣʣܹһ˱˲ȬΪġ


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ۛgո˵ֺ꣬ͻȻʲôںʥ澫Ѫ֮һֻгϼʸͬʵҲǲ֪ġеĴϾڴ֮ںʥ澫Ѫɹ֮ˣ֮󲻽˲ȫޣõͻƣһٽΪϡ
ʥ澫Ѫƺʥ沿֮Ҳ൱صĶۛg˶꣬Ҳ֪ʮʥõϢֻᵽˡҶСЩʥ沿еˣȴҲûеõʲô̫õϢ󣬱ۛgȥǰԸȥҪע̽һЩʥ澫Ѫ֮⣬ر͵δ֮¡
ۛgһȥҶС˳˼һõĸϢۛgȻ֪ʥ澫ѪϢ࣬ȴҲܶһҪϢʥ澫Ѫںϵĳɹʼͣʥ沿Ҳֻаٷ֮һĳɹʡǳɹΪʧܣֻ·һʥ沿رеĴ֮˶ȥںʥѪʧܣʥѪǲ˿ʧġٴ֮ںʧܵģƺ˵ȫѪˡܱܿǾѪںʧܣὫں֮ľѪߡЩںʧܵʬŻ͵Ϊľǲ˿ʧܺԼǰĲ״
ںϾѪ֮ǰһҪʥ֮ϿɣҶС֮ͨһ²⵽νʥ֮ϿɺܿʶһĶҪ룬Ҫ䲼´ʶƣԱ֤պʥ沿Ĺ޶ġϳʵ˼ҲˣֻδβˡҪһ֮ŵԣҲԣҲֻⲼʶеĽƲˡ
еϢһٽ˳ûʱҶС㽫߰˰ˡһܹ˳Ϊʥ沿ˣպ츳Ȼʥ沿Сںʥ澫ѪʧܣôȻľѪʥ澫Ѫգôʥ沿Ҳ޺ġ۽Σʥ沿䶼ǲԿ
ҶСһʵ㿪ʼ˼ﵽʱӦԣͬʱǷŹˡҶСȻ͸ϳ룬˼Ӧ֮֮ʱһȼѵĴ֮УһȺ̸֮СλһŰۣݲϣͷ׵ߡģǰӴҶСϳϡ
ֻһǵĶԳ˵ϳϣ㵱һ֮ȥںʥ飿ʧܻãɹˣҪһ֮˳Ϊʥ沿峤ʥʥ֮֮ڸʥ澫Ѫ֮ϳΪġ
ĵģҶСһ֮˵ݣȴҪںʥĻᣬоʡϳԣ̾˿ԭʮҲԳ˼ֲϣһȦ˵ʥ沿Ѿǧ궼ûй峤ûгʲôţȥһȥȻȻ˥䣬ʱһ԰Ҳѱˡʱ̸ʲô塢壬ʥ沿䶼ûˡƸλӦΪΧļɶʥ沿ⷽһֱʥ澫Ѫʥ֮Ҳ֪ļˡϴʥѾȥǧ꣬ǿڳ˴⣬ڿɻгһʸȥںʥ֮ˣҶСȻΪ壬ܹΪ츳Ȼܹںʥ澫ѪɹھҲʥ֮ѪȻҲʥ沿֮ˡںʥ澫Ѫ츳ȻٶȷԾ츳ȥںʥ飬ɹʱȻ٣˵׼ܳɹ
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Ҫ֮ô벻Ѿ˵ںʥ澫Ѫ֮ǰҪʥ֮Ͽɣ
ԭˣϳα֤˵ʱ͸Ľܣ˵֪ʥ֮ʽʲôͬʿʽ֮ʱȻ޷ġ
ߣҿʱ㷢ˣҲȻͬ⣡ҿȷҪ࣬Եʱֻһʥ沿ŵԶѣǻͬġ֮˶ûʣϳһԵģ˵ֻҪλԸһ֮˳ںʥĻᣬôǱûκʧˡںϾѪʱʧܣô츳þѪƷٶһֵġںʥ֮ʱҵҲȽнǧ츳μļ˶һͬŽȥȳԣУȥںϱǡ
ϳ˵꣬תͷλһֱδڵĴ˵ϣ£
ԴһοʥȻǧȥȻǧڶûʲôţ츳֮˵Ҳмûн֮ˣҲʱʥе֮սһˡϳƼ˼ȻѾȫ֮ߣϳ֮±ɡ
ϣ˲ҴԿ𣿡
ϳϵû뵽ôİ嶨ϾҪҶС֮˳ںʥĻ᲻С£ҲҪһµġ
ˡȻ˽⡣˵֮ˣ츳ûһϵǸ֮ˡֻǴϸп˵겻ɫм
֮ôԣҲԲ֪˵ʲôźá
ϳϻ˴ƼҶСʵĵҲϣҶС˳ͨأںϾѪںʥҲܹɹ˲ǴµΪԲֻ֡ںϾѪ֮вûʲô̶ҪܷɹȫƾŽ֮ȫԹ˵˵ҶСˡʵĳԵûҪӺҶС˼ֻǿҶС츳ϣܹʹΪ֮ˣܹںʥΪ峤ٴʥ沿زԻͣȻǸã
֮һҹ޻
˵ڶһ磬ۛgѰҶСһȴϳҪ

ݼϳϣ
ȻҶСаϺ겻֪һֱʲôҩȴҪһĹɫ
ҶСֵˣǰҪ֪㣬Ҫʥ沿֮Ѿõ˳ϻͬ⡣
û뵽֮죬ʵڲ֪θмϳϣ
ҶСû뵽˵𣬾һҹͨ˾顣Ļ֪ʲôĿ죬Чʡ
ǺǣǼΪͬˣպҲ˿֪УȻԽõǺԽãԾһٽ飬ϻر뱾֮¼ӿҹѾҹټ룬ʱӦþͿɾ롣ɽʥ֮Ͽʽˡ˵꣬ϳϱЦҶСֲʽҲǰ׼ʲôʱȻһˡڸ㣬ֻǰи׼
ҶСǲ֪˵ʲôˡֻٶЦЦл֮ԡаҺȻӦ֮Ȼ컹Ҫֲ
ִʲôϿɵĻӣʶƵ鲻ʥ沿ԭ֮һʼʶƵһ¾ѾˣԵЩҲ֪ıʲôҪ˵ʶƣʥ沿֮ΪĴȴֻǸУȻеļר˾£Ҳþܸ
֮ҶСϸ֮е˵˵ǵڱΪˡǵİӽֹ֮ҪҶС½ƾͲˣҶСǰָʱҲʱָ㣬Ҫ֪ɻȥʲô¡


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ҶСϳ䣬ȥŵסһֻһ䲻̫СǴС֮һʮֿΪﱾԤЩʿ֮֮дŴֿĽ֮ҲʯװһڵĺɳҶСڼŸϻأΪӦνʥ֮ϿʽΪ׼õĽЩ΢üĿ
ҶСʱץʱȴ²ػǰҪʥ֮ϿȻӦ֮ߣںʥ澫Ѫһûмνʥ澫ѪǺ֮ʱȷûһͷֻܵں֮ʱȥʱӦˡһѾõĽͣȻʵϾǰҶСһֱõĽֻΪĹ潣潣ڳξǺЩʿȴǲࡣҶСĽһɹ佣ϵԽ
ʥ沿ʥеҲ֪Ķ£ʵ֮ǿҶСδǿ󡣾ܹ˳ʥ沿䣬ڵʵǲԻǺԵģץһʱԼսҲǼ֮¡

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˼һתʮɽͬʱ֮˸ҫͻȻһ㣬ƾշ𣬺ʮһ㲻ΧҶСĴ߮ҶСѾڳϰսķתɽԳһȥܿЩɽͳһĲһϸֻᷢÿһɽֶԼей켣ҶСʶǿ󣬴ʱҲǾЩԲͬʱ˶ķɽҶСķ٣ʶҲһѹңʮɽʱ໥ײһ˿ĲһĴҡΪ֮ǿΪ󲻽Ƿɽ࣬Ϊÿһɽ֮䶼Žܵϵÿһɽķػǽķɽۣݲһ
ҶСϰĽȴµģǴһ׽Ϊ齣νᶻޡϽģɣҶСڵ׽ΪֹȻȻܹصĽתʵȴһ뻹δɡΪֻǳﵽˡһ㣬Сޡһһֱδ
ͼĿռ֮ɽХŷɿ컮ֻµӰʱҶСʶ֮Ȼ۳ʮӰЩӰʱδܹ۳ɽΣֻǺǷɽӰһ㣬ЩɫӰһ֣㸽ʮɽ֮ϡһ㣬Ƿɽһ𣬲תҶСҪģҪٶ󡣶ֻϰʮʶ֮۳ɵİӰǷɽܹںɡνǺڡף顢ʵסʮʵʵڸʽķɽǻ齣еʮʶ۳İӰǽ֮еĻһ㡣һɣڶԷ֪֮£ǻһǿһЩϾֽ֮ʿԪӤǰûʲô˻ȥرԪġ
ҶСʶǿһ׽ǡǡںⷽơһ׻齣Ҳֻ֮ͬ˲пɣҶС˵ȷǷǳʡҶС֮ǰϰնϰʶɽҪ⽣ҲһЩֻͻȻҪ˶İӰɽϲʵ̫һЩҪЩӰ۳ȴҪһŬԣҲСʮӰɽܹ֮ڷɽǷһ

ʱ÷ɿ죬ҶСһɲʱ䣬ʵȻǴȥоոûãʶ֮зȴۛgһպҶСһͬھƵʿ˻δţҶСѾͣߵС֮С
ԣ˸һÿžǡÿҶСƷŲ衣ö˵ҶСҲ⣬ѯ˼䣬ҶСһͬ뿪
û֮ҶСѾһмɭһ˿ⶼ޷ľ޴ʯ֮Сʯ֮ΨһżѴ裬ȼոͣǷž֮ſڿʼŻһͨ·ֱĴЩ޷䵽ĵطֻһƬڡ
һſڣ·֮˱ȥҶСԽȥ
ҶСոս룬ľ޴ʯűȻһȻˣҶСȴҲûһ˿š˳ǳɻɵͨ·ȥƬ̺ҶСѾĵĹʵǹ֮аһΧųŵıʮϣһԴ֮һͷףݲϵߣǱǴˣԣϳϡڳ·Ǻܴһյءǿյ֮УʱźۣҲںµΧһȦ˸յǵյҲ֪ȼźֻǷųɫ⡣Ǽ˴źɫ˿ףŵֲûһϵĵյȴǶƵĻζţһ㡣ÿÿһİɫĻһɫβ͡
ҶС񣬰ݼʮϣ룡
ýܣҲµõЩ˶ʲôݡҶСһ㹧밲룬ЩĹǲǷġΧʮλϿɶڵΪ൱ԪӤڡڿյ֮ϵǿΪǿҲܲҶСȴܸܵǵʶƺܶЩ֮ˡֻǵʶҲֻʥ沿˶ԣҶС˵ȴǲԶˡ
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˵ϳϣҲϻһھҪϿʼʽ˼νҹζ࣬Щǲ֮ȴҲ˻ɡ
׼áˣ
ҶСһᶨĻص
ҶСĻһ£ͼǼ֮еһɳƵҶСкɣӣ˵ţʾҶСվ˵
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ͬʱȻʼдʣΧҶС񻺻ƶǼùǻҶСԣټϽµķ⣬ʹԭžʯ֮еķΧ
Źâһɳ֮ʣҶС㿴Źâʲôʲôƹ⣬ǾһʶΪʶûʵģÿһŹâ֮ж֪˶ʶɢ˴Ĺԡ벼½ƵַҲмأΪ֪Լʶûôǿƾʹǿʶ˲½ơǽƵķҲѾǰͿ̻ãֻҪʱӳڱ½֮˵ʶ֮мˡ˵ʶǿҶСµķͼҲʲôµķһ֮ʱѾ˳ͬʱӦ֮˵ʹʶ֮ȴмֶأνʶɫģҲһŶлᣬҶСǺѧϰһ¡
ȴЩʱˣΪת֮䣬ŹȻҶСͷȥ׼뵽ҶСʶ֮СЩ˾Ѿ׼ҪʼҶС½ˡ
֪ԷҪʼɻˣҶСȴҪڱϷӡʶ֮Ŵ󿪣κεķأֻαװһʿеʶǿȣͬʱŹǰ׹뵽ʶ֮С
ŹҶСʶ֮µķҲʼâʢŹĲתҶСʶ֮ҲֳһͼӰ󳹵۳Ρһ̣Щ˾ǿе֮ԽȻʽȻ˹ؼ֮
ʱҶСͻȻŹ֮оȻ̺һ־һһŹͶ뵽ʶ֮еͼ֮УͬʱһɳƵǼʳҶСԸʥ沿䣿
ҶСдʱҲļȻһڸҪڻشҶСҲ˳ƳڵԸ⣡
ҶСԼΪԼʶǿбԼʶȻҲ᲻˻ش𡣻䣬ͼҶСʶ֮ͼһļȻ
һŹͶ뵽ͼ֮Уͬʱһ˿ʵҶС񣬴ӴԺʥ沿潫
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һ䣬ͼһÿһö򣬼һ䣬ҶСһ䣬֮Ҳûʲôµģ޷Щڽʥ沿֮Ĵʡ
ʶƵñһԽ֮ʹ˼ԼԡãҶСȻӦԣպڲԾȥء⵹ҶС˲µԪƵĹЧмƣֻǵֻܹˣԻݸ˵ⲻܻͬƫΪҪЩֻʶ㲼£ڲ֮ǰ֮ĸԸܲſܳɹҶСԪǰ㲼Ԫ֮УԵޱȣֲױƽȻʥ沿֮ΪĲܹӵ˳̶ȵʶҲѾǲˡҶС֮ˣ˵ȽѾ㹻
ҶСȻѾƿһ㲻ɹǽӰ֮ʣѾָͼĴĪʶ֪֮Щ΢Ķһƴ濴ɻͬһ㣬ʵȴ𲻵һá
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ʱҶСŷԼʼǵ͹ÿһŹ֮еʶڳÿһ֮жʶЩٻ㼯ɴţеʶ͸Ӷ಻ˡҲ֪ЩռƵģȻռ֮ࡣ
ҶС˼һʶ֮бӿһ㱡ʶǽͼҶСʶ֮Уףһס˲䣬һ㱡ʶͺһŴһһ½סƾҶСʶ֮зʲô仯ֻͻȻڽֹ֮вһˡ
һˣ⼸˶ʱЩҡȻǵݣȴóһ򶨣ƽȶ̬ڿʼЩ΢ŵյֱ۸ǿʼԾĲΪԭеĵյеʶǾļһֱġļѼǹŲǿȻһʽһ֣ƾ̺֮ĴʶÿĵǿԺԲƵġһȴǴΪ⣬ΪǹžȻδջɣҲ޷ջʶˡ䣬ܲš
ʮǾνʥϿʽҲ֪Ӧýˡ俴ոյģӦѾ˵ģȴһֱȴãûбֳ˵˼ʿڽ뵽ڣҲԵķʱŻһЩԪӦãȻ֮ǰֻǶʶżǿķˡǴʱȴǲ֪Щ뵽׳ʲô״ӦѾȴǸվζŵյдʡ
濴ʲô飬ʵȴǸʹѣĵҲ֪һεʽ⣬ôЩʶȥҲвȻЩʥ沿֮еλȻ㳤ϻҲԤǣǱϻ֪Ǵ˴֮󣬶Ȼôµġ룬ȴҲǲ벻׾Ǳʩ֮ˡ
ǣʽ֮ҶСվʱ˴ʱʵڣеĵյ֮һŰ׹⣬Ű׹֮еȴֻʣһСİ׹ԶԶû֮ǰǰʵˡǼһʥ沿֮ӵر츳һ壬Ȼǲϰ֮ȴҲܵʥ沿𾴡Ǽ뻹ս֮Ҫ鶼ٲǡЩʩ֮ʱ֮ÿеһյơڵȴѰ룬ӵʹµĻǿյƵĴ˾һΣȴһٽǻ֮еĻһ߰˳ɡ
ΪڣԿǵݡһһر𳤾õʽڽǴϱ㵱ȹʵǷʲô⣬Ǽȴһ¶ҶС˵ֻǳ˵С⣬ѾˡʽҲȻɣҶСʽͨʥϿɡ
һ˵Щǲ¶ȻЦݡΪֻҪʽҶСԺǰʥ沿֮ˡǵҶСһ֮ʱͿʵ츳ʱϳϽҶСʿ츳֮ãʱлɣֱۼΪϳϻ˴ƶˡҶС֮ǰ塢ͬޣԺܹɹںʥ澫Ѫʥ沿ר֮ΪȻӿٵ²ܴ꣬ﵽԽЩϵʵ
ʽҶСҲֳһ˿ƣڳ֮˶֪ʽ֮˵˼䣬ҶСºúϢҶСҲлλ֮󣬱㵱ȥ
ҶСһصסŽգֱ֮Сһ£㽫ʶ֮ԼȡʶҲЩеĻͷ˳ֻһ㱡ɴʶһɢөһǵ׹ڶҶСʶ֮вƮЩʶѾֹʶһ൱ʶˡΪǱҶСЩϵһų㶼ʼ޹Ʈ


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Щ͵͵ҶС°ӣ²û³ɣҶС񷴿ҧһ⡣ǵڻ֪⵽ǳ
ЩҪƺҶСɲδ룬ƾЩ˵㻳ɵͷϣҲֲʲôڣҶСʹ㽫ЩʶΪáЩѾĳʶʮִֻҪ˳ҶСȴʹǰŸոʶֱ֮ӽաһЩʶֱӲ䵽֮СͨϸڴĴĴʶȴûˡȻȻԽתΪʶǱϾҲҪһ£Զûķ㡣
˼һʶ֮бһֻһ̣㲶׽һŹ㡣֮СƾҶСҲóеʶʮǿǴһ㿴Чֳ̰ŻӡҶСתʶ֮ǹոձһ̣ͼǹͻȻȥ֮ӴʶѸ̿ͺһССС֮Уȴ̺ż׵ˮһ㡣ǹƿһ˲ҶСʶѸٱ䡣ҶСֻһΣͻȻܵһ͵ĸо㽫һöɡҶС֮ԻһεĸоǡǡΪʶͻȻӵԭ򡣹һ㣬ҶСܹ̿ﷶΧʶܹܵԵӡǿȵĿֻһҶСеһ˿ʣвԼֻһ㣬Ƕֻþʹ֮ǰΪԪ˲ֿʹʶ֮еʹʵǷǳ
ҶСҲٳɣ㽫ʶ֮еһһŵĲǱʶ֮УĹ㿪ʼһŽһŵĿʧ

ҶСһһգֱڶհʱֲ˹׽ЩȫʱŹ֮еĻһپͶ߰˳ɣ൱Ź㱻šûһж̺С㣬ÿһС֮ȻʶһյҶСĺôɲʶһֶѣҶСѾͣδ׵Ϊٶͻƣһٳɹ׵㣡ΪĽףҶСʶҲһٴԭİﷶΧһ࣬ﵽǰҶСʶΪ˶˥䵽ֻв߰ʮĴСֽŲ˼£ȻһٴﵽﷶΧ˹ķΧѾԶԪӤʿˡҶСţڵʶǿȣ֪¸ԪӤʿһʶ˾û⡣
׵㣬ֱӵЧҶСһֱĻ齣֮еЩӰȻʵࡣҶСʶ֮ǰ֮ǰǿ࣬ڵʵȥǽȻûʲôˡֻǻҪٶʹ֮ˡȻ󲻹Ƭ̱ĲȴҲܹһҶСڵǿȣʱҡ
־һҹҶСԽİҲһ֡
һҶС˽󡣶ʱĽѸȥԱҶСջءǰһһնûɧţؽʥ沿֮ӦҲҪԼˡ
ʱױһֱҶСԱߵһ䷿֮ڣ֮ǰҲ֪ʲôһնδ뿪䡣Ȼδ棬һֱҶСʶ֮УҶСҲᷢʲô⡣
ȻҶСո˹ûããۛgۛg뷿ڣһ֪䲢ǷҶСġĴڰ֮ҶСѼǹʥ֮Ѫ飬Ȼ̶ղδ̽ʲôȴҶСһֻ׳ۛgŵһƤ֮ͳһЩ࣬մ˲ٶĲ
һǲ¶һźƿľ֦һĶǲ֪֮˿öʲôΪһŲĲ֮һ˵ʬ壬ֽųһţ￴óиΡ
ۛgҲ࣬ѲƲ̿ϱһ߰ŪǾûεʬһ߿н͵ʬ֮ǰ˵Ǹںʥ澫Ѫʧ֮˵ʬ壬ֶҲûʸġΪȥʬ֮ΪС£͵͵·ԸңʱҲû£˸طˡҲδ̽ʲôϢͻȻ£ҹȥ鿴һȻڣ˴˹˵׼ܿʲô
ۛgҶСм⣬׽֮оרŲ鿴ʬ֮ˣΪҶСȻּڴʱȱ˵׼ҲԼвٰͼۛgһʬǿһƽ̿ŷʬʱþͺֻʣһƤһ㡣ۛg˵ǰ壬Ǹߴ֮ˣھǸɱҲнӽҡʬɫǿݻɫһĺɫ߿顣˵ϺӦòи֮࣬ЩɫӦʬ屾ɫ
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ҶС˰죬˿ǰӦǱһ⣬ҲʲôˡʶѰ˵ŻʱۛgڰŪʬ壬ԱҶС񿴵øᶯʬݸɵֻвݸϸָ֮ʱȻһȻǼΪСһ㣬ȴǱҶС֡
ҶСҪȥʬƲ鿴ʱͻȻЩæСһЩòҪǸոǽɫ֮ԭҶСһ⣬Ҳע⵽ˡ
֮ԣҶСһƽâʹ֮۲ɢһСһ㣬СȥŪʬơû£㷢ԭһǴʬָ֮ɢ˵ɱ񣬵ָ׺ͷȴ仯һȻЩָ֮Умϸ΢һΪǽʵ̫ϸ΢Բע⣬ʲôסᱻԵոۛgʬƣҶСҲǲֵܷġ
Ǽϸһƽâ΢һɢ׵ı㽫ǲһǸݸһָһָɢŽ֮Ϳøˡָֻ׵ķ϶֮Уżϸ΢һɫĩһĩΪϸ΢Ѱ˵ǿһɫ⣬ҲǽɫĩΪ
ҶСУָ֮еķ϶һ㼫΢СһŽɫԲεķĩ˵Ƿĩ˵Һ״ֻ̬Ϊ̫΢С޷ֻǱźһˮεƽϵˮ״
Ȼⶫѹֻ
Ƭ̹󣬾п˵
ҶСûǺҺ״Ľ֮ʲôرģ㿪ʵʶ
ⶫǰлһΡû뵽绹лֶ֮ǰ˵ôȷǴĹЧҵû뵽νʥ澫Ѫֶ
һϰԵӣҶСЩͷߴٵֱ˵ʲôˣ
֣֮ǱΪ֮һֶ㲻һ־ʣʮ˵á֮ûֶ֪ģȷصģһǴĳֱҩ֮һһʮǿʦһ֮һȷľǣԶ֮ֻһҺ̬Ľ״̬ڻĽмƣԲд


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֮𡭡ҶСǸָһ⣬νʥ澫Ѫֶˣ㿪ʵȻ֪ضҲ֪֮ɣ
ⶫûʲôرֻ֮Ҫüһ£ܺںˡںںˣ˭˭Ͳ֪ˡ֮ȻųΪ㲻ľʣΪڱ֮һȥͻյǰһо׳Լ»ع鵽Һ̬ӵ״̬֮ʱʧܣôֱӱȥһǰʬģⶫȻ˰Եһܹ䳹Ҳ֮żĺôͻȻͻȻʲôмָп˵ͷ֮ԣµ֮ǵǸνʥѪҺô˵Ѿں˲֪֮ˡǿϧһţǲô³ç֮꣬ȫӳȻ֮еһˡ
ҶСַ֪ë֪ҶСʲôȴҶҪҶСθڡҲʣֻԹԵȡһö͸Сƿһϸ΢֮Сֲ̽ʬദϧûзֻв֮ˡ
Լ˵ҶСҲ׷ʣڨڨֿڼ˵ȻＫΪգǡһ㣬ǿԲһǷںϴĸ֣һΣûٵҶСθڣֱӰǲ֪֮ҶС

ҶС׼ں֮ǰѵСֻ֮һ㣬һ㲻ҲɣҲϵΪݲһмǣ
ҶСһҲԻӱСġӦһĿʹﵽԪһ硣ҶСﵽ㣬Ҫ£Ҳһͷ顣
ҶСῪ͸Сƿһᵹǵһ뿪СƿҶСΧʹ֮֮Сһǽһ֮ٶȻûΪһŽɫһ֮Ϊ΢ʵ̫΢СէһȥһŹŶѣе֮΢
ûָ㣬ҶС¾ͻὫһֱ֮һֲԼǷܹںϡǾһ˵֪ԭһ֮ԿٶȷֻҶСҪԼеֻɼϸ΢ٶȷָ΢һö΢ڡԴͲں֮Σա
ҶС֮ûɵĽɢ̶ȣҲ֮Ȼٶȷָ֮ʱҶСֹͣʱĪһŽʹ֮ɢɢȥ󣬱һ˿Ϊϸ΢ʵһ̽뵽֮УԽ֮мΪϸ΢֮һ
ʱͼھ׵֮УҶСһ˶ĴϷȴƯֱԼɴСһŽӲδ뵽һ֮Ȼܻûģеÿһ㼫ϸ΢֮ɢŽ⡣˵һŽ⣬ò֪֮ԵĻͲпĻ֮ΪͻҰһˡ
ʱеҶСѹ޴Ϊάһ֮Ľкͬǿբˮˮһ㣬Ƭ̣Ѿ˼ɵҶС𵤺ʿǿ࣬˴ĵȷټҪ̽뵽֮Уһö΢ͲҪʵҪжľԾܿƺͰա
һŽ֮еÿһ΢С֮ͺһڶһ㣬ҶС֮һԣеսӽҶСҪǱ̬ͲòͷųաҶСҪһţѶҲ͸һ֡
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣Ϊĵʵ̫죬ֻɫ֮һ⣬һ֮ǰ֮΢һ˿ȻһżΪϸСһšͬʱҶСάͻȻջأһŽɫҲһ½໥䲻ۣ»عһ㣬ٶȱҶС뵽Сƿ֮С
һŽոջأҶСپһɣһ̣ٶȽΪǱ֮ڱһ뵽֮С֮ʱҶСҪĴ
ҶС񻺻̧Ϊ˴΢΢ɢ֮֡УעľʳָΪͬʱһ֮һʳָ֮Сһ΢֮лδӴָʱкãֻǾĲѣһӴҶСָ֮һ΢ͻȻƻһ㡣˲ʱ뵽ҶСָ֮ȥ˳ҶСָ֮еһϸ΢ٵת
ʱڵΪؼʱ̣ҶСھԴҪʵﵽʵ̶ȵԼʳָΪľǵ򲻵ѵʱݵʱڽһ֮Ƴ⡣ڣֿܣҶСں֮ôһҲúһҶСڵֱ꣬ҶСһ㣻ҶСܹںϣ֮ɥʧԭԣֱҶС֮УŲͬʱҲҶСĪĺô
һָ֮֮еľ֮תͬʱڴҶСٶȱδҶСָ֮ʱҪǿʮֹ˳žתһᣬ㳯ҶСָһ㼫ΪŨȥͬʱЩûͣµļ󡣲ҺֻǼϸ΢һ֮ٶȻû쵽ҶСܲ˵ĵز
ѵĲںϣ
ҶСȻԸȴҲò룬ͬʱֵһֵʳָҶСһոע뵽ʳָͷ֮ȻٶȻӣСȴƺļСֻΪС̫΢Сòԡ
ʱҶСϸ֮ȴڷһľֻҶСԼʱǲ֪ڸոգҶСϸ֮УһŽɫ̫һ㽫ɫĹâϸ֮СǽɫȻҫĿȴֻһšƾճ֣ƾšȲѡȴΪҶСʱҲڽҪʱ̣ȴҲδ
ǽҶСڵ֮ϸ֮һŽͬʱʼ˱仯ڲҶСһ֮䣬ŲˡȻҲҲһ֮𣬵ҶСȴ֪δʧֻѾûҶС֮У׻ΪҶСһ֡
˱仯ҶСҲЩ㲻ˡΪ֮ǰԤ⣬һʼӦںʧܣڲںϵƣȴͻȻһںϵˣȻЩ
ҶСɻ֮ʣҲոϸ֮зı仯֪ҶСҶСʶ֮һֱһŽ⣬ԼҲ֪ΪҶСԪҪռ֮ʱѾֹмҲΣʱֹ̳Щ漰ʶʱ֮ںȴʶûʲôϵֻ֮еı仯ȴû뵽ǽҲ֡ҶСոܹ֮ںϣǽĳҲϵ
ֹһ󣬷ֵȷûʲôõҶСȷһ֮ȷѾڡǻΪ̫٣Ҳûи֮ܵĺô


һ ںϾѪ
ΪȷҶС󣬱ֽСƿ֮еһ֮֮ǰһƣٶȰһںϡһ֮һڣ㲻ղǰһת󣬱ʧ١һ㣬ҶСһںȷԼܹںϡ
Ȼ֪Լʱܹ֮ںϣǽʲôãսȴҶСֱӰСƿеһϸ΢֮ȫںϺûʲô֢״֮һ㣬ѾܹҶСܵõ֮ĺôˡ
һ֮һҶСں󣬱зɢתҶС󼸺Ǿȵķֲڣȫһţ֮СЩ֮ں֮ҶС㷢ԼӦƶһЩ⵹˵ǿȻӣǺӱøˡָͨоҶСΧĻ֮еĸӦҲøΪԵģܹĸܵõΧƮһӽҶС񣬱ᱻҶС롣֮áȴ뵽ҶСľ֮л۵𵤣ֱתΪһǿ
ں֮ҶСʥ沿ΪһҪռһˡΪǵѪͳ֮жΪŴһ˿֮𣬱㶼˶ٵǿЧҶСΪոںϣ֪䵽𵽶á֮ʿҲʣ¶ˣʥ沿Ҳ١
ʥ沿֮е˻ֻٶȣǶҶСȴˣΪ⻹һ塣ҶСһֱϰĹһֱ֮תȻܹʶ֮໥תͨں֮ҲܹתΪˡȻֻԼģĿͷҶСպϰ֮ʱҲȻ°빦
ʵ֮ϴãҲǻԶ˵츳Ҫպ֮вЧȴǿġ

ҶСںһ֮󣬱֮˳ʱۛgķеȴҶС߳ûһ״֪ҶСȻƽں֮𡣶ʱ¶ϲɫϲҶС
֮ۛg˲ãҶСȻδߣԼƺҲûʲôʿ֮ʹִǬ֮ȡһнʯʹ͸ۛgΪͨõĻңΪʥ沿֮УʯȻ֮ͨַԸۛg̽ʥϢϳһʼͱֵòʵѱ滹᲻ʲôʵ֮ԡۛgȥ
ҶСں֮ȥ˽ӽʱʱ䣬֮ǰʬȥʱ䣬ʱѾǽӽ硣ҶСɻϳϵ·δ֮ʱ͹ȻҶСϴνҶСʿ
˼ҶС֮Ҳδ˵ֻ˵ϻȻ׼ҶСںʥ澫Ѫ׼˲ټҶСġ㲻ٶ˵ֻͷǰͷҶСʱֻһͬھϯ֮гӴһΣȻϤȴóһԸֱ֮ˡ
飬ҶСб㰵ԲҲǶ֪һЩںʥ澫ѪΣաԲŻ˱֡ҶСȻеףҲδ˵ʲôֻǵȻĸ󣬿첽ʥ沿Ĵһʯĸȥ

Ƭ̺ҶСȻǸ㡣ﲻͬڸո߹漸Ļ谵䣬һĽ̻Իģ֮ڸнһĲװΣǽںͶ֮л޵īƳͼֻЩͼʲôŷֻ֮࣬һЩ񡢹ޡȵȡ
ȻЩʵĻ滭ҶСȤȷûʱȥ͡ΪҶСһ֮УϳϱȻ֪˴ν׼ںʥ澫ѪһرǿںϹ̱֮ǰʥϿʽҪ򵥣Ȼ֮пܻЩ΢ĲʣֻҪҶСֿƽɵġ
ҶСв壬Ҳù˵һǳξġȻȷԼܹںϳϿеʥ澫ѪȶԼкô֮ȻͲˡеǹǻԼں϶ˣϾĶںϵԽ࣬ҶСԽкôģοǰװûġ

ʱһɼɵĸ̨֮ϣҶСϲƬĳʮλϴʱҲΧʮ߸ߵ֮ϡ
һûʲôʵʽ֮󣬱ԴΪ׵ʮλһͬʩ֮ҶСĸ̨֮һɵϣϻһȦȦתƬ֮󣬾Ѿû͡һ͸ƲһĽ硣ֽǸ߽׵ʿܹ֮ƾĪΪͷŵ۳ʵ塣ʮλͬʱʩһϣʵ̶ȲԶ
۳֮ʱҶСµļ֮иֳһͼǸ̨ͻȻâǣɢ͵Դһ˿âɫԡǹâ֮ʣҶСܵµĸ̨ɢŨ֮СΪǣЩȻΪŨŨҶСʿڵŨȣȴΪº͡ٶҶСڣҲûиʲôޱȡ
ҶС˼һ뿴ԼܷⲿһԣŷȻƾԼ޹ϵֻ·ڵһ㣬޷һ֡¾ҪһҲ
ʱһһţҶСһʱʱǸ̨ԾڲϵͷŸŨȵҶСȻŲ̽ףԭ̨˶ΪЩ֮·ӡƷ׼ѵ񣬺ܿǼƷҲ˵ʱҶСڵǽ֮ȻŨȫΪе̫Ũɢһ˿˿һĵ绡
ˣʼɣ
ǴӵħһʮͬʱʩȻһյȼŽɫĵյҶСͷϷֳǵյһ֣ЩǶʱһ񣬷׷ֳɫǽɫյתţ½䣬ֱ䵽ǽϷͣ
ҶСȻʱ֪Ҫ񲻿룬ȴҲʶ֮пǵյ֮һʢš͡СͺСͺ֮УȻȫ֮ҶСֻںһ㼸ɼ֮Ȼܹܵһ˿ͬܽЩ֮ȫںϣǾҪȫ̥ˣˣʥ沿ô˶ֶҪ֪֮ʱҲδ˶ġʱӵдǺˣʥ沿ĵλܱġвпڿѾ֮ΪС磬Ȼ˶֮
յһͣ£ʮλϺƶڷյһ㣬ĴǽɫĻ֮зֻһƽɫ档ǵյٶȻ֮СһƽɫƮƮĴЩͷŵĽ磬뵽Сһ룬һǵȼһ㣬һ£֮ڵĿռ䶼˽ɫ֮С
ҶС񿴵һƻǱɢϸ΢ʥ澫Ѫϸ̶ܳȱҶС֮ǰָĻҪϸҶСҲֻܿóСȴûа취ָ̶ȵġ


һ 
Ǳֻ˵֮ʱڷʳŽ֮ڵŨԭ֮Ҫǰ˶ΪҪЩ֮õġҶСһ㣬ȴǲмʧΪ֮ڵ֮ںϵһ֮󣬶ҲǴСôһ㡣ȻԶԶ֮ǰںϵһ˲֪ٱǧǻԶԶԤڵġҲѹ֣֮죬ȻǼΪ֮Ǳ˾лʥ沿䣬ҲҶСĴǸںϣҲ˶֮ġ
ҶСʱв֪ûΧЩŨЩ֮һڱں֮ǰȥȡۿΧŨ˲˼ɣֱҶСٶҲ֪ˡ
ۼǽ֮еԽԽϡʮλ϶ʱҲٳɣæ֮ҶСڡЩ˶֮ˣҪ֮ȻףԸȫʩΪȻ֮ǰδ֪ҶСںʥ澫ѪΣԣǴʱǵȴҶСܹɹںϵġϾҶС񾭹ʥϿɣѾǰʥ沿֮ˣʥ沿ˡȻڵľᱻʥ澫Ѫգǿʥ澫Ѫ֮ȥţ츳ʥ沿һȾͲ̫ˡΪҲϣҶСܹͬʱ˺Ż˷ͬʱ˴ʥ澫ѪҪ֪֮ǰڸں֮ʱںϵʥ澫ѪҲֻСѡ
ҶСʱܵĴǾԲ͵ģֻȴǲôЩ֮˵ˡ
ʮ׼ĳ֣ҶС֮ǰѾȷ˿ں֮̾Ȼ˳˳ˮûһ㲨۵˳ˡҶС֪ûʲôرʾʮϣЩʥ澫ѪһҶС֮ʱǵɴ۾۾ǾһģźȴһҶСı֡еʥ澫ѪҶСգҶСûгʲôõķӦ֮ʱЩ֪ϼһҲ¶ƵЦݡô˻Ц޲þҪף
ҶСʱȴǹ˲ñô˷ˣȫ񶼳ͻĻо֮СΪδйĸܡʱҶСоʱԼͺһֱ֮꣬ǰһֱմȾźһۻ֪࣬ողžһϴӣϴȥ˰۹ʱٴЩ֮УǴúƽʯһ֮л͸һԡҶСҪȥϾȥȡнΧռɶǿɲģŻ㼯ҶСľ֮У˳ž뵽֮УʵŽ𵤡ڵҶСƺܹĸܵõԼÿһ֡ÿһ붼ڲϵǿȡָо֮ǰҶСǿŨȵЧҪԶ౶֮ԵЧѹʥ沿һ֮컯ˡ
˺һᣬҶСŴĪϲ֮гʱЩҲοЦҶСҶСЩ˵ףаЩжԴʥ沿ְװ׶һĹ˰ɣ֪֪ҶСδǿƺֻεһֱˡ
һתҶСվͬʱǬȡ·ϡ
ǺǺǣϳѡ֮˹Ȼ츳쳣ոںʥ澫Ѫʥۣ
ҶСһ˸̨һ϶ϳ˵ɻʲôʥۣ֮ʶһӣŷִʱԼü䲻֪ʱһĽɫҲʲô·֮࣬ͺһνɫīˮҶСü䣬µۺۼˡ
ҶС񣡹ϲɹںʥ澫ѪӴԺѪ֮нʥ沿˵ѪҺҲΪһʥ沿ˣҶСɻ֮ʱǴϺͰһЦҶС˵˵ֻһƽ֮Ķͷü䴦ҲֳҶС޼͵ʥ沿һΪﵽһ̶ȣںʥ澫Ѫ֮Զ۳ʥۣʥʥĺۼ
СڴлλϣΪպΨŬУȫʥ沿䷱ٶʢ
ҶСлͬʱʩֳģĵȷȷǶʥ沿һƬĹֻԶѲڵһλģ
ڳһиӸˡϳҲ˵ҶС츳꣬ȻΪԶҵȵĴڣĪҪҵһƬģ
Щ˷ܳЩͷ֮˵Ŀ޻֮ʣҶСЦЩ˲ΪԼһ棬ʱзնδ֪ҶС񣬲ǽ߶ѡǴʱȴ˵˺ҶСһΪȫһˡ
ʵʥ沿еλҲûа취Ͼʥ沿䲻֪ΪµĴԽԽ࣬ʥѪЧԽԽʲôԭһ궼δֹһ츳쳣šоʲôţҲǲðŰٷ֮һĳɹȥںʥ澫ѪģԲųƲӵʥ沿ҪȥΧһֱɣͱҪѪҺעУЩǧ϶ŻΪ˲ȥЩթɵȥ£ҶСʿЩΪ֮¿νͨԲҶС˴ĺôȴҲȥǵ飬ܹȥԹ޺ͱǱˡ
Щƽ˸߸ϵĳǴʱƺԼһ㣬һһ˵ûꡣֱǴ˵ҶСոںʥ澫ѪҪϢ֮ʱЩ˲ͣҶСҲٶȹлȥֻһȺʥ沿дȨĳǡ

ҶСһȥЩǱ㿪ʼıһļƻ
һɫԴĳɤӣ˵ڿʥںʥ֮ǷҪ¿һ£ҶСΪһ֮ˣܹں֮ʥ澫ѪѾĸˡʥʥǻںϣδҲ̫һ֮ˣҲʥ沿ô
ϳһɫһ䣬ϣ֮ǰѾȷǴʱ̬֮£㿴Ҳ֮ĸǧ֮ڴﵽҵȵΪҶС񾭹ʥϿɣںʥ澫Ѫ㲻Ǵ񣬻Ѿʥ沿֮ˣȥսںʥкβɣѶ£ҵȻһǿʥľˣ
ϳ˵ֻ꣬ǿʼ˵ĳɫ΢䣬ȴû˵ʲôʱ̾˿ֳ˼ֲɣ󿪿˵ϻѾ֮´˴α㲻̸ȻҶСȻ˼ʥ沿ȫʽӦ֮ͬһԴںʥ澫Ѫ֮ǰҵնδ֪䱾ǷһˣպҵȻҪݽȴ˵Ȳ֮УΣɹںϣҲõ˲ٺôںʥһ±ҲǶһ㲹ɣںϲ˱գںϳɹպ󲻽Լʥ沿Ҳһϲ£
ô֮ԣڳԼǧ꣬ȴһʮʿ䲻ЩɥоҲʥ沿˱㶼ǳΪ˹ֱˬ䣬Ϊ磬˲֮£Լֻܡɫ֮ˣһֱҶСǢϳϡ


һ˰ 
ǱߵĳʲôҶСȻ֪Ҳûʱȥ²⡣ΪʱŸոںʥ澫ѪĸֺôոҶСںʥ澫Ѫ֮ΪȻһٽ׵㣬֪ǷΪҶСԭЩϾȻδҶСǹ֮нˡȻӦò᲻ġ
ҶС֮ǰѾ׵㣬Ҳ˵㣬ֻҪҶСһͻƵ㣬ҶСδ׵ΪԴﵽˡԭһֱȵΪΪ֮ϵ˺󡣲ˣҶСΪ֮ǰǰԪӤ̲ﵽĲĶ״̬ҶСϸ֮òɴò˶ñͻƣҲ֮ڣ
ҶСһֱĽ󡪡齣һֱδȫ죬ܴԭв񡣴ҶС֮գҲǽĴ֮ʱɵĽܹﵽʲôû֪
֮ԼĪôҶС뵽ǽӲӵĵյǵյСͱ֮пԴŴܹ֮ȫԼںϣԼΪƽٶһأΪҪǣʥ澫Ѫʣͬʱպ֮дСıҶСҲֻ룬һͷո㱻¡ΪʥԼܵõôѵá⣬ʥ澫ѪûԼķˡǴʥ澫Ѫ֮ʮƽʱ֮ҶСҪԳҲô׵ġЩ˵ģʥ沿֮Уպȡ֮λһĻҶСȴֻҶðпڴ˵أһõ˺ģ뿪֮ʱȻ֪˵ش˵ȱպΪ㹻ˣٻȡмֿܡ
Էһʼ㲻ʣҶСĴ治嵹Ҳкβס

ҶСںʥ澫Ѫĵڶգʥ沿֮бѾ´˿ȥƽ׶һ츳ʿȻʥ沿Ĵ¡ʥ沿ˬҶСڼȻѾ뵽ʥ沿䣬ô˲Ϊߵͣĵ׽ҶС֮ˡҶСյʥ沿֮ʱͻһʿ⡣һҲ͸㣬δ˶ʲôʱһ棬ܹһʥ沿֮սʱģսȴżֲͬͽʿս߽ʿǳ̵ԭϣܹõ߽ʿָ㡣Ϊʥ沿֮˹ϵΪǢǸ߽ͽʿҲֵƣԶ̣㶼Ӧġ֮ԳΪ䣬Щ죬ΪҪľⲿ֮˵Ĺϵάϵ⣬ΪҪı顣Ϊʥ沿䱾ͿԿһ壬˵׼ڵݡȻӴʲôУжҲԱҶСһʼͽѵ˵Ĳֲ̫гˡ
ȻڵڶջʱϻڵҶСʽʥ沿䡣ʿĴͳҪգһȻҲ⡣һεĴ죬ÿһεĹģҪӴҲҪңΪһδ֮󣬱Ҫٶȿʥ
ʥʥ沿һֻ֪֪̫֮ϸڡϾȻ̫ûпˡΨЩһʿǻʥ֪֮ꡣϢһͬʱ֮еΪ֮˱㾡˷ЩڵʿǱ㶼øΪ˷ܡΪﵽεʿ֪ʥζ֮нлȥںʥ飬һںϳɹᾡõʥĴУΪʥ沿峤ʥ沿ֻгϻ峤Ϊһֱǧ궼ûһܹɹںʥ顣һΣҲǽǧΨһһοʥ
һϢȫ֮˶ڻĦȭƣǾһ²˴˭˭˭ϣ֮ࡣ
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ҶСһ̨Ͽðģʱʱ˼ЩʹԼԽȴǲ֪·Щʿ֮ж˶ΪĪƽռһĴ治ʥ沿ʿ֮йϺڵľʮڵнӽʮˡΪﵽڵģҲȻ޷ýʥʸ񡣿ҶС񲻹һոս׵ڵʿȴþȶռһȻ˲
ȻڵյıȶҶСۿҪصס֮ʱ鷳
ʥ沿֮У˳⣬ʿҪշжǼŷҶСŽһ±ԷֱʱɫѺڣսʥ沿ıȶոսʣ±ǳҹĿ񻶡ȻȶѾҶСصס㾫ȴշɳûԶ㷢ֱ˸
ûͷҶСʶ֮ϳˡֻǴͷ֮Ǹոһȶ֮ܵʿľһϺڵʿˣڱȶ֮ʧδýʥʸʿٿЩ˵ݸǷ߷߲ƽɫȶһ뵽ЩǶҶСԡͻ֮˲ˡϺڵʿȻΪǳͷġ
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ҶСЦһ˵λֵ˵Цˣ¾ܣĪϵľҲΥ棿ҶСڻҪָʥ沿ʿúģȻɵǰˣܲ鷳ǲǵĺá
ϻľȻΥ棬Լ˳̸ʲôΥˣѾ̽ʥ沿ΪĲǺġҴӦ㣬ֻҪóҴʥ֮ʱȻѺĺúõ͵ϣһ㲻һ˿ͿԵõҪ֮񲻸ã


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ҶС˵㲻ǼˣתҪȥ
ҶСոת֮ʣͻһ֮ҶСܵһɾһն
ԭ˼ҶСҪߣһֱһȭ˳ֻһȭֱӴֻһȭһɫĻȭ磬һתųҶС˹ֻҶСҲûֻһתɽһгʣһڽȭͬʱһ콣Ҳնֱ򹥻ҶСˡ
ڵ׷Ҫ˶۸٣ҶС񱾾졣һתҪ߱кҲʾһֱһȭ޼ɵпܡҶСһ⿴ն̺ȴǼΪɲ֮䣬㡰䡱һϡΪ˾벢ԶҲδ뵽ҶС˷֮⻹ڻԸδȥ֮£һ±㱻˸ֲѾڵʿǿҶСһ̺߰˳һⲻ͵СϴһִֵѪ۶ѣδ˵õ
ҶСһУҲͣͷżˡ
ͼǱб֮˵ҲǿһȻסδˣʹȴġȴҲδֱ۷£һ˫۾ͺҪҶСһĵҶСҧݺ˵ƲԳԷƣҲ֪Щôһʿƭװ˷һ㣡ЩϺͿˣǿǲͿһ䣬㵽׷ٸ˵֣ݹûִ磬һС˵ҵ컹ôȥ
˵Ļδ䣬˱һɢҶСΧ˵Уͬʱ϶תһɱ뺷Ϣ˲ɢҶССٲȻһϾҪɱģǿģĪϺڵʿ
ҶСƽޱвοʱǰ˾ҪˡһǣĿǰ˵֮ˣбĵ˵Ȼӣýʥʸ񶼲ܵˣƾŸ˵԰Ѻõû˴ԲѲ˵Ұ·׷£ȥҶĳ㵱δȻݹҶĳ
ҶСĻ˵꣬Щ˷ǵȴ˼ŭݣ޲ھҪ˽ҶС˺ɷ顣ΪϺʿ⣬༸ȴڱȶ֮֮ˡҶСһ仰ǡǡʹʱҶСĺ޴ŭ
Ȼ˱ҶСһ߳ɫʱһʲôϣδ˵꣬㵱ȳҶСȥ
ʱ˵гһֱδ˵Ϻʿֻŭδ⣬˾ȥЩʥ沿˸˸󣬸׶ߣ԰СҲҶСҪһͷߵҶСͬʱҶСΧȥȺһ㡣
ȻЩ׺ʤܣҶСȴҲǴ׵ᡣͬʱΧҶСȻҲԴУ䣬ʱһΧҶСתһܣҶСסļˡһǷɽȫʩΪЩʿҲܵƣâֻһʱݻ͵ҶСķɽ
ҶСԼȴҲ˫һɫ㱻½һʢӰ㻯һֱǰһֱ˵ʿȥ
䡭
ҶСȻβԷߴ󣬵ȭŵȴضԷһ֡һ˲˱ԺֽҶСҲǵ㣬൱Ϊ֮ⱾͱȶԷǿࡣھûһĶԹ԰ѶԷȭžʹȻ濴ȥڶԺ䣬Ժ֮˱Կ⣬ñ㶼ҶСʿֻһζڵֵˡ
ҶСʥ沿֮һֱֳĶ˫ޣ˴ʱҶС񹦷ǲʹõġȭԷۿм֮ʱҶСȻ˴𣬻ȭΪצֻԷץȥһצ֮ϲ͡ϸ
ʿ֮ǰÿÿ͵һ֮ᱻҶСһ˫۵ֵҶСȭʱȻһľԭȶ֣ȴҶСٶ֮죬һαȻǰȭȭ磬תۼͬ籩Ĺͺʱ˻δ룬ڸոշҶСĹͻȻһ֮ʣȻһֻȼצԼץոѾҶСػȻȻ֪һצʵԼʲôǴҪٱ۵͵֮ʱŷֱ۾ȻʹһҲΣ֮ʱֻһʶı˫ۡ
ҶСһצٶȸ죬ЩֻҶСһצץʿһ֮ˤشϡٿҶСֵָմȾ˲Ѫһ㱻ɫȼ
༸˼òɲ֮˱㱻ҶС±㱻һʱ䲻ֻǾŵ֮ˡǴļȻôԼһֻͷһκ֪ʱͻȻڱҶСһצ֮һհľʹһʹȴֻһʧ١ڷԼ״֮󣬲ŷԾȻŭĿɵֱҶС񣬵ȴٸ⶯֣ΪҶСչʾʵѾܼġ
ҶСҲһУɽ㻯һɻصСʱҶСǺ嫽֮ϣδɢȥ棬еķɽڲ͵ĳ콣â
༸˴ʱҲȻ֣ͣ׷׿ǻӴ񱳼֮ϻվͬ顣ոҶСһ˶ʱվֻһܣҶСȻ֣Ǵվһ̧ͷ֮ʣŷǱҶСץе֮ϣĵǱ̹˰̡
ҶСȻվ˵˴νһѵڲ֪ɷˣ
ʵԷûԼѾ棬Ҳδٶȥֻ֮۴ŭֱҶСҶСҪȥʥʱȷв¡˵꣬תߡ
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䣡
һɿ񱩵ľҶСȭͷ֮ϱѿԭ˺ȴʲôѰľһɴбʥ沿ʿϰ֮еҶСȻҲ壬ȴδѧʲôӦֻйѡһֱʹֱܶӵ÷ŷɽȻ塢ͬޣϾΪһʿƫڱȶ֮жǻΪҲ޵ĽֻǸöѡ
ΪϺʿȻСҶСȴҲࡣӦϵȴҶС֪ǿ˶ٱһҶСͬ׾ʿ֮еһδơȭͷ֮ͻȻѿֱ͵˼ֹסΡ
ˣҶС֪ҪϢǲˡȻһ֮󣬾ͼϺڵʿŭȵոʥ沿һʿҲ˿ȥʥ沿ʿҪ㿴⣬ڽŵ£


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ҶСȴЦһм³էδ˭ڽ¡ȴҲСҶĳǰһ٣ٶ
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ҶСɲѰȶ֮ʹʹϰףδϰʲô࿹ȻҪϲٿ޷ɽʱǿȻԽӭ
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Ϻڵʿ˴󾪣ϾʿʿȻӦʿķӦȴǿࡣȭ΢ˣԼҶСķɽնСȭֱҶСɽĽһȭУֱƽʱΣ
˱ϾСҶСֻʿһַ֣ͬޣٶȻȶ˸ǿҲȥնʿȭǽһתֱնʿȭ
ղһ£ʿѾ֪Ժ䲻кôʿȭͷѾҲȻֻӲĶԺȥĵֻҪһ£ֱջȭͷǡ
룬;ҶСȻ㵽ڶԷδУ˿֮ʱɽ֮ͻȻâٶȷǣǽâ˲㽫ȭɡɽٶҲøһ֣Ѹײڶֱ֮նʿȭͷһ˾㣬ҲѾ޴ɶ㡣
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ʿһܴ֮˿ȥûٶȽ˼Ϊֻһ֣ԷѾչʤԼƴȥҲֿԡԱҲûٶȥƴɱ˼
ѰĶԱȶ֮ʱʾı֣ǻֹͣġҶСȴ˿ûֵͣ˼ȻѾûټƴɱ˼ҶСȴҫһŲһһֱȥ
ҶСԭҪϢˣЩǲġǴʱҶСƣЩ˶ȻĴҶСʾ֮ʹ˰֣ȻĽҶСˣʹ䲻ܲʥ֮СԣǶԷѾʾҶСҲ׷֡ʱҶСҪǳ˶޷ǿĽʥ
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ҶС֮ǰһȷƣһȴǲͬȭͷΧȴǿģһԷȭͷδ֮ʣȻȼ˹ȥʯ֮㽫վʹҲδһûҶСȭͷ֮ϵܱȶԷ࣬Ȼһ㽫ȭͷ˿ȥɰҶСĿֱ꣬Էļȥ
һ֮˱㱻ҶСһȭɳȥȻһƲСҶСȴδˡʮзִֻǽҼĹͷ顣ڵΪͷɷĩҲġֻͷҲʲôˣǻô˲ȫӴʵˡձʥĳ֮գʥ沿ôһԱСԾһˣɥʧһλˣ
һվˣϵˣתͷŭĿԲɣֱҶС񣬺޲ý̻һ㡣
ҶСȴҲ˿η壬ǽȻ˼ֵٶͻȻ˼˻ΪҶСҪһȣһ߼ٺˣһ۳̶ȵһ̧ͷȴҶСվԭǴһ˿޵Цˣ֪ҶСոֻһѡһ뵽ԼոձӰһ㣬пƣû棬ҲȥҶСҶСδ㲻༸ˣԼһԲתȥ
ϺڵʿҶСܣ༸ҲٱʲôϣϺڵʿ뿪⼸ҲƬ̲ԼټȥʱڣʱȴҲ˻
Ϊ⼸ҶСȻ˲ʱ䣬Ȼ뿪ҶСҲֱͣסȥշɳһ㣬һЦΪ֣ǵĴ򶷿ʼֹһϢڼɢȥҲ֮ȥڼǴ֮Ϊ͵ҶСѾȷǹϢǴɢġΪǴӦôͷβ̣ӦҲ֪⼸ԼҶС˵֮ʱϢҲδһ仯ҲȥҶСǴϵΪҶСѾм˽⣬Ǵϵ֮ǰۛgѾ佲ࡣΪˣҶСŸȥˡĳϣǴϵǹࡣƽʱҲٶϾУвΪߡ
֮һҹ޻ҶСֻڶһʥ沿һͬǰȥʥˡ
ҶСʥ沿֮ȻҲһЩۣһж˳ȹԼҲ˲ٺôΨһźıĽδɣʮ£˵׼ǻ齣ҲʹˡĽҲǿʹ֮ȴǲ࣬⻹δȫɵĽҲҪȴ֮ࡣһȻʥ沿ͬУҶС֪Щ˵Ŀֻ֪Ǻʥ飬ҪȥɱޡʥӦѾΣǺܴ񣬱ɼǰʥ沿е˶ûȥɱģһ˵׼ǺԲǣӦҲȥ鷳ġɱһ˵׼ֻҶСһ˵飬ԼҲûʲôһܹǺԣ


һһ ʥԶ
㵽ʱǵ˺ߣҶСûлɱԵĻôҶСҲֻ취ˡʵڲУΪǺģҶСҲֻٲһΣ˵ʱǺԼŭʥ沿һ֮оˡǲȥɱ⺮ɱ˹ܲɢӿɡ˶ˣɲ˵Ӿܶӵÿġ

ڶһ磬ҶСѾʥ沿˼׼ǰʥʥ֮зʥʥ飬һֱҲһʥ沿֮еʥ֮ءͬһ㣬ƽǲ롣ֻҪӲŻǰݡ
һϣҶС㷢׷ϺʿȻûȺ֮У滻һʿһ˵һĿ֮Ȼ֪ˡȻմ֮ʱѾг˵ԺҶСʥ沿һԱҪ䵱ֵһԴָٹ̵ļʽ֮оҶСҪҲǲ׵ġοûرҪȥ͸ѱˡ
˶Ѿ룬ǳϻʮҲڴϵĴ֮Щ˲ųǰȥʥȻⳤϻֻ֮ϻһͬʥǿǶڵķӡȴҪʮЭɵġ
һ˵ٶȶʮڷ֮ʱУٶһк¡¡ıƵ治СҶСǵһμʿ˿ٵķУһʱ֮ҲǺ档뵽ԼЩǵΪ֮ٶȻ٣ָνںϵĸá
ʱһ˾Ȼһرߴıɽ֮ǰѰɽǲİѩͨѩסɽȴȫտļɣӨ͸ˮһ㡣ɽʥڡ

ʮϵȥ˷ӡ֮Ǽ֮о͸ֳһɵĿ󶴿ڡ͸Ƕ֮аĹԣԴſüȫһ硣
ӡһҶСڵĶʮʿϵĴ֮½˶Сһ붴УҶС㷢ΧĺҲƺĲͬΪ͸ı棬һƬ̵硣ͺһֲɽͻȻ䱻һ㣬ʥ֮иǱסżмҰ
⣬˶ǵһμ־󡣶ʱ̲סĴ
ʥ㣬һõĽһ㣬ÿһ䷶ΧСһЩÿһֶȦԹһ㲻ص졣˸һ֮ʱѾܵΧһֱʵ׵޿̽һ룬ֻҪ̫޶Լġһ˶æŸ·ЩޣλһӵֻҪûв۵ǰҲûһ롣
˶æŸ·ΨҶСһڸ·ͬʱһ͵͵ʶ̽Χ˲ںЩޣǲͬǺĲ˵ĿġȻڴ֮ǰҶСȻʥ沿˵֪Ϊ˴ΪǿޣӦڵģǱϾǧ궼δѱᷢʲô仯
һ߹㣬ûʲô쳣ҲֻһЩ̫ǿޣһ˶׷˵úԶǾڵǵ֮ҶСʶ֮ͻȻһǿơƲɢʵǿɢĶϢһ֮ȴҶС״ЩĳҲ˴˴ƺǰЩͬЩȻ״ƾֻһʿɢ̽Ϣˣʲôɢۿȷ޷̽ġҶСȴǲͬȻΪûЩϸʶȴǿԽеġЩɣͰʶɢʲô޲ơ
Ȼ״ֻҪһˣЩϱҲȥġҶСҲһֱڶβһнһԼڲֵɢΧʶ̽Χ
ڵոһ룬Լ֮ʱҶСʶ֮ͻȻһȻһͷ޴𾪵ޡҶСʶ֮УһΪտĿռ֮Уһ̾һ޴ļ֮ϣͨףˮ״ĶۼףÿһƬۼ׶һ׶ҶСδۼʲôģڿʱҲ֪Ǻԣ
һȷҶСͻȻ߼Ǵͷ̳ԣ˵̳ϣ㷢һϢǺԺƣȥ̽һ¡
Ȼ֮ǰҶСҲӦΪ˵صʥ沿ˣҲҪȥںʥġҲͺ˵ףԼ˻иҪĿģɱԣԴʱȻѾ˺ԣҲֱ˵Լ˼ڲй¶ԼΪԲֱ˵ԼѾȷǾǺԡ
̳һмɫЦǺǵ˵ร˫ޡǹϢҲѾܵȻҲǿ󣬵ӦòǺԡԵϢܹԶܵǹϢǿǺǿޣܵһפڵġǻȸ·˵ںʥȥѰǺԲǸã
ҶСǼᶨ˵»ȥһ£̳λУСȥ̽һ±׷ġ
ǺðɣȻҪȥȥء̳ϼҶС֣˼Ƭ̺ǿͬ⡣˵ƣ㲻ǺԣҲӦǲޣмСĽȥĳҪ
ǣл̳Ϲģ
ҶСлһ䣬˲żЦ֮˶顣Щ˵ҶСȻ塣˴ʿжʮˣʮгҶСֻһĿġںʥ顣ʥֻһҶС˶飬Ȼһ
ҶСԶɣ֪ǳϻʵĵϣܹںʥ飬ǳϻǰ˵Ǵ˴ںʥлѡʥ沿ܼ֮ܿĻĵȴֻǰЩһֶķܰˡĵ׿ɴûŹʥ沿ʥ洫µ֮ʥ˵ûжõ֮ˡҲδһʥ沿˶ǧδںϵʥ飬һʮëͷСӾܽںϡϾʵģʲô¶ϡԲЩοҲȥ⡣˴ֻҪõǺģʥҲֻȥԼˡһ棬Ҽ뿪ʥ沿䡣
һ˶飬ҶСܺͻ⡣ڶ֮ʵǿĳػţȫûʲôǡԼԳȴòСĽһЩˡѱʲôӵжʶ̽
ȫбɵĺǻþһ֮УҶС߹հ˹յһֱһȥžǹǿҲԽתһսǣһĹԱҶСǰƹһսǣҶСǰȻֻǰһΪĴһĿռ䣬λãһ޴ļǼ֮̾һ޴ĽΪŵģҲж೤Ȼ֮ǰʶ֮оѾ֪ĴСǴʱۼǼΪ𺳡ҶСǰҲһЩ͵ޣСҲһС¥֮ĴС˿ŵġ⺮ԹǴִмʮˡȻСǺԵθ󣬰ռ߳ɿռ䡣ҶС񲻽⺮˵Σڴ˵Ҫβжһ˵ؾҪȥ


һŶ ʥʧ
ҶСһڴ֮У㷢ִ˵ضһú¹һ㴿Ĺ֮СǴǺɢ⵹ǴҶСе⣬˭뵽һ޾ȻҲɢʥĹԡֻ֪һͷԣ»Ҫˡ
ҶСʱǺԵľ벻ʮףǺӦѾҶС񣬵ҶСȴȻһֱû˿ı仯ҶСѾ˾룬Ҳͬ˯һ̾һ麮֮һ
ҶСɻ֮ʣͻȻһдԣ˿ɪһŮԺ֮Уҵô壡
ͻȻҶСʱһΪԭѾʱΪµ׼һɲ̶֮߳ȣǰӰһΣǿ˿ʯҶСٻ˳ͬʱ֮ɽХһһ쳤ΧϷתʶ֮еӰɽҲȻ۳ΡҶС˫֮Ҳںȼաʶ֮ʱҶСδ⺮Ե״ﵽʲô磬ˣȻ׼ȫԸ
ȿȣҶСʦڣǺȴûʲôһĴЦֱЦ˺˼Բֿͣʵ㲻ʥ沿֮ˣ
Ǻԣ
ǺԺû˺Լ˼ҶСҲʵȴδ˿׼ϾǺԵ׳ʲô˼̸ҲǷкҶС֮ģȵҶСȡ֮ʱ¶ᱩŭҶСƴһ˰ɡ
ң˵ţǺԵӻһתһž޴ͷһ̽˳߸ϵĸҶС񣬺֤˵һ㡣ֵ㻹δشҵĻ
ҶС̧ͷһһΪͷĽǾȻֻʣһһȴ֪ȥˣͷһ˰̡ʣµһҲ𻵵ֻʣ°ѡб²ѹ⺮˵˺ͰƾǴһ㣬Īʲôˣ˺ԼҲʶصԭʥ沿ˣǿҲǰʥ沿ˡ
⺮һ쳣ҶСɱһƬáǺһ̸֮ģҶСЩһСǸ֮ʱڲ֪֮ӿоЩȥҲֻ˳Ļ˵ȥ
˵˹Ĩǣô˵ֲأǺԺδĹһ㣬ҶСĻɵúŮһĿЦּʵΪر𣬲ǼΪöºŮһһɪ֮ڿչʹһرħֿ˵ʥ沿˲Ĺڵѧͦȫ塢һûϵƺҲʥ沿˵ѪȻмء
ҵȷʥ沿ˣںںνʥ澫Ѫϼʥ沿䡣ԲŻ˵ǺȻδ֣һ޵ܹûʲô̸ΪȻĲˣҶСȷҲҶС˵꣬ʵƺʥ沿еʮϤ
ȻϤˣǺԴֵ˵ʮҫһ㣬ֵǿǸνʥǻδһˣһôҲܹױеǹϢֻϧѾȥ꣬ҲܹԡϾһ˿һģһϢֻ̫Сˡ
㲻Ǳʥ׽ػʥô
ҶС⺮֮ԣƺǱʥ׽ƺĺһ㡣ɻʵ
׽Ǻǣǲˡң嶼ԸˣػʥġȻΪЩһδεˣ˵ȥôһ֮κһ齻ǷѾǡһ֮в֪ύ˶壬Ǳ㶼ǸһΪΪػֻǿϧ
ǺԿеġʡȫǺʣʥ沿ʥ䡣ҶС֮ǰŹҲ֪֡û뵽νʥ治ΪǿȻ޹ͨǺʻвСѾ˲֪꣬˶Ϊػʥ顣Ҳѹ⺮ԼҶС˺̸ˡԭ޶ʥʻһϵǺԿ֮ԣƺʲô䣬֮⺮ԱӦڵģڴ˺۳ڵ㣬Ҳɡʵϧʲô
ϧЩʵ̫Сδػʥ顣ҽɵڣҲҪ˶ȥǺ˵¶ˣͳ񶼲֮ܵһѹָܡͣƬ̣Ǻֿ˵ǰⶴھͻȻһħˣû֪Щ˴Щ˸ΪʵʥʱѾ˶ȥˡҲЩ˵Ķ֣ʵһֱӵЩ˲û׷
ʥѾˣħôأ
ҶС񾪵ȻʥעҪʥ沿ŲͬѰ塣һֱûܹںϣʥҲһֱʥ沿ϣ;ϵļУͻȻûˣ֪ʲôӦ
ǵġЩһ˾㵽˵㣬Ҳֻ޹ЩħΪλƺⶴѨ·Ӧһħ˵Сռ䡣ҲֻЩӦģⶴѨ·ƺһֱɢŵħΪءǺ˵꣬ͣһ£ߵ붯˶мֹʵֻʥ沿˵壬ﲻȥʥ飬ֱҶʲôͼıô
⺮ǲͣͲµҶСǶʲôͼı̸һʵ⣬֮лԴżζ
ҶСһͻȻովһֱδٶȱǣ֮ɳ˲㻷ҶСΧǽʮҶСδɵĻ齣󡣶Ҳһʢֱ֮֮ϻһ㣬ȭͷγͷ档֮ɫµȷͼıԭͲΪʥ飬Ϊɱ㣡
㵨ӵǲСڣ͸ֻҪɱңǺԵЦΧȻأһɺԭѾļʵıǽ涼ٶһ˪֮Ϊ¶ȼ֨֨¸µ졣ǺƺûھҪֵ˼мϷʵʵǿϵĸλأ
ģ
˵գҶСĻ齣нǺһʱɽ㲻ϵĳǺնȥȻǺۼ׼ʵҲͲסҶСʶķɽֻɽӰ֮Уʱ㹥һƬۼף˲ʱɽͬʱۼ֮µļȥ֮ǺԳ۵һƺߡ
ҶСȻһȴδʤ׷˼һת΢˼֣Ͻ㽫ǽ˻֮ʮɽһⲻΧҶСٷ裬Ǽɱһ㡣ٻؽ󣬾ҶСǺԸʵΪλ֣
ҶСԩ޳ȻȫǣͲΪμѶĺԳ־ѾǿѹеĲ̣һԷķɽնҲУ±²ȥ֡ٻ˷ɽ߳ʵ


һ 
ǺҶСĻһЦȻǸŮȴֵóһɺˬϢֵȻΪ㲻ССͣ˼֡ȻˣĴαƲ̸áֱҪȡֽҲȴٶͣ֡㣬Ҿǲɱɻһ
Ϊˣһҩ֮ʱһǺġ¾㲻ΪҲҪȡ࣡αơ˵˼֮࣬²ĶΪǿʳԲҲֻˣ
˵գҶСٶǽתҲٶȿһ֣⻪תʱ׼ֹǺԡ
ҪҵģǣǺͻȻ˵ҶС񶼲ĻֵҪȸңϵɫģ
һʼҶСº棬ΪЩΪĹҲӵɫĵʹδ˷ֹ쳣⺮Իʣضǿ쳣ҶСнȻǰǸޣȴҲܸ֪ܰصõһѣΪʼ£˵Խңǵ棿ˣҲƴᾡȫӦ
ǺԼȻ˵԰ҶС񣬾ҲֿܵġϾǸ㼶ĳȫҲٶġҶСĲ࣬еֻ㹻ƻԪĵɡҲмԭ
ǧ꣬ȴǰħභˡӵѾǼޣȻֻнΪȴҲˡǺǣҴ֮ãȴòһС壡ȻҪҵģȥǣһ䣬ҶСǺɢĺǿһ֣ΧʱһȦȦĴͷ֮мʹɫ֡Ƭ֮ϵĺͻȻɢ֣֮ǰһֱյ˫ҲļȻ˫Ŀ֮еŭɫչ¶ɡſڣһöʺˮһ㾧һȦĻ֮»ķҶСС
һץסˮһľ壬ʱһǿҵĺϢɢʶһ̽Ȼ֮ǰ˽⵽һ޶ҶС֪ȻǺ޼١⺮ģҶСвп㲻㡣˭뵽ԼıõĺľɵõȻغķһ
ΪޣԶ֮࿴Զ൭࣬ĿҲԶŨࡣϾΪ壬ٵΣ͸ܹ࣬죬Ҳ֪˶ĥѿʹֻҪܹȥ¾һԭԼǰΪ΢˵ͷҲ޷ֻҪܹȥڸҶС֮ǺԱδڣֻһ˫һ峺͸ҶС
ɱ˶ᱦɱޣҶСδֽһͷǧĺԼԼϣȴδ롣ٿǺԵĿ⣬оĪӿ𼸷Ρ˽ԻԵ㣬ѶϺԼҲ֪ƻαƵһЩ΢ҶС֮е㡣ֻҶСʱԼδʶֱԺָɸľͿա
ûίߣҶСɢżϢĺģ㿪ʵղΪҪϵϻΪ
ˣҪ֮һָȻϵǻ棬ȴиܵһּϢƺһָԲдһʡ˵õҵ֮󣬻Ӧ֪˻񣿡
ȻҪʹ㣿
ѣֻҪÿһʱɫɡֻͷųһЩ漴ɣ鷳ġ֪Ը⣿ǺҲֱ˵
ÿһ£ҶСƬ̣˵ֻȻû⣬һξɿԣҴ˴γȥҪ뿪˵أûа취ÿһ¾˵һεġ
Ǻǣ⵹һ˭˵һҪÿһһΣһͬȥǣһ䣬ͼǺڣһ˪ڸոҶС˴һգ۹˿ڴһۼһ޶ı顣ǺŨֱŨŨİСǰ˵Ҳֻ֣ΧźԲϷڣɢȥƬ֮ǺŨɢȥֻʣ±һ֮£ԭͬһĺȻֻһһСһ㣬һ
㿴ΣǺԺҫԼı仯֮һ㣬ͷҶСʵһӦûɡ
ƺԼı仯֮ǵ⣬ȴ֪ҶСϸ֮һСС޺չʾֱ仯֮ˡҶСҲδΨһЩľ⺮ԾȻһͬ뿪뷨˵ȷҪһôҴ˴γȥҲһǻΪĳЩԭĴεġңȥ֮뻹вСķա
ǣˆ£ĪҪʳԣҳȥҶСʾȴǺЦһЩͷ˵һǧ꣬ñ㲻֪˶٣㶼µĵطһͬȥ£˵Ȼûȥ壬ұһͬҲǲѡֻ˵ǷԸҳȥϻɣ಻ضԣ
ҶСҲԳһЦĵ˼Ҳ£ʲô˵Ǻãһÿһϻ
˵ˣǺԵ뷨򵥣ҶСһӦЦû֮ǰĲɫһͷʵҿɷȥ
ȻҶСѾ˵ãҪҶСͬȴҲҪʹҶСġϾʱҶСֻ֮ǿͷЭ飬һһ֮Ҳûʲô꣬óȻȥ͵ϮҶСɡԲŻһʡ
ʵҶСлģ⺮Բʶһʱ䣬ѱľͶࡣ֮ûκܹ֤Էᰵ͵Ϯģ˼Ϊ֮ʱͻȻ˵ɡΪҪûҪ͵Ϯ㡣һѾ𲻷
һʾҶСаʲôֻҪԼõ˺ģȻȫˡ⺮ԣȻǱֳô򵥡ԭһҶСȥϧԼԼ࣬ΪľҶСĸԸİָΪ˵˼Ǳ˻ҪܣҪƻˣ
ǰʲô취ܱ֤ҿѹסܵģҶСͻȻʵңΣյ޴ϣѱҪͻȻתҡԼĸңѱûԹޣ
ӵһȴһʱܹ˵ģȴӦȥɡĺôһʱǲ㲻ġǷպ㲻٣
׻˵һһҶСϸ֮еϡȷǱҶСҪҪ򱶡˵һĶרңҶСӦ˵ҶСҲͲٵģһͷŵǺߡ
⺮лڰҶСΪ壬̫ۣ˼򵥾ͱԶȴ֪ҶСȻڴ̣󵽵˭Զ˭޴֪
һҶСŵǺԱҶСĽűߣһתͷҶСǰ׼ʱҶСһͬһ㡣
ȻʥȻڣҶСĺҲõ֣ûڴ˴塣Щ˿µ˵㿴ʥ鲻֮󣬱ҲġҶСгȥȥ׷Щˡ


һ ʥ
Ǻƺѣһ·֮ϲʱҶСĵģǱ«֮еһЩšĸˣĸҶСȫûŹʿɻڣʲôΪ֮ࡣϧҶСէȻһЩΣڱ«֮еǿʿйЩ˽⣬ǺԿеƺҶСȴǴδҲ֪Ǻ˵Ƕǰ飬ЩδŹɶȻʷ֮ˡЩ²ѾΪ̫ӲԲһ֣ؾȻˡ
˵ҶСǲ֪⺮Ա㿪ʼԹԵĸҶС˵ʥʶš
һһûãǺԾҶСĬ֮ٶһֱ֮۳̵һСϸߣһԾҶСļ֮ϡϾſ棬һСͷ˵ͣ
Ǻأ˵ͣҶСȴڰԿЦ֪Ƿˣϸ֮ȻиСޣԣԼ޵ʱЩʦĻˡ
⺮ԱҲ˶໰ģҪ־͹ʥ溮Զʱ̫áѾǣܹԣ⺮Զȴֻһﵽ磬ھܹ˵ԣȴҲû˵ֱǰͻȻֵһħǻɱⶴгȫ߽ޣһԽĶҲûˡһֱ꣬ҶСô᲻˵ʹ졣ʥ沿νʥ˼꣬Ե˽ҶСࡣѿҶСΪˣֻҪȥ飬ҲӺԼжҶСҲûʲôɵһ·ԹԵ˵ûꡣ
ǺҲص±˵ͷǰһҶСҲòᷳʱһ䣬Ǻ֪ҶСҲ˵𾢡
ҽкڣԺҡڸսһι£ǺԱͻȻ˵˵˾ãʲôһ֪
ҶС񡣡
ҶСصʵôȻҲڸͣǺ˵ȴδϹΪں˵Ժѹź֮ԷʲôʱͻȻԣҶС
⺮ȻҲǸҶСߣȴǲ֪ҶСϸ֮еһܵġȻǺһֱᱻ֪һЩǴʱȴǲܸ֪Ͼ⺮ҶСĹϵɺ֮ȫͬġ
ԺͻС񣡡ǺԺ˵ֽ˵ʣǱ죡С˿Ʒô˼ִ
ҶСҲ⺮ΪҪʥ沿ʥȥȣȻǺԲδ˵ֵ壬ȴҲֻЦЦÿɷ

ʱҶСȻص˶ڴһͱڶڵϷ֣ԲΪ˿ľͷ˻ǶеľҲʲô֮£Ͻһϻкڣ˵ֽ֮ʥ溮Զ½һ顣ϱһ¼ȴˣһæĻȥλ¡ҶС˵ɣЩ¶Щʥ沿еȴ޷ܵġͬأֳ˼һĸܡ
ǳֻǶҶС˵Ǻѯʹʥ鱻֮£лȥϢҶСת֮ʱȴһֱĿתĶǺáΪемгֹʥһĻ棬⺮ԺȻУǲҶСνǿѱġ
ʥҶСûʲôģʧҲϵ󡣴Ȼõ֮ڿȥ֮¡ԼϾϻʥ沿ˣԼܹõģζʥ沿İ˵˴£ǲʥ֮ʱٿ뿪֮¡

ڣһֱһ²νʥ澫Ѫ֪ǵɺʵѪҺ֮
ʥ沿֮УҪ˵ҶСһں֮ʥ澫Ѫˡ
˵ʥ沿ǽɫҺɣѪҺôܻģǺԺںЦһ˵˵ҶС¶ɻ󣬱ֽŽ͵νʥ澫Ѫڽʥ֮ǰոյõ֮ʱΪﲻԼˣʥ沿֮Ҳ˴ľӢȻںϴ֮˲ȬΪҲٶȴҲЩɽ˲֮ΧȻɱ˲УվѲڣٶˡϵܽѾںϵ֮еǽɫҺĺˡ
ԭˡ
Ȼʥ澫Ѫ֮֮ʱ౻񻯣ʵȫͬĵط
ʥ沿Ȼеʥ澫ѪӦûвٰɣǺڲ²˵Щϵʵνʥ澫ѪҲǸ漣ˡ
˵꺮ͻȻ˫ĿŹĿҶС񣬶˵֮ǰ˵ںʥ澫ѪҲǸд󸣷ִԵ֮ˣʥ澫Ѫɲ˭ںϣܳܵݸֵģ
ҶСǸΰʣµʥѪҺŪ֣ںԵЩȴû
ǺƺҲҶС˼ֿ˵Īڴʥ澫Ѫע⣿
ҶСԴһЦϵ¾δ֮֮˶ע⣬ȻҲף˵ʥ沿лЩ飬ǳֶȡ֮ȴҲģҲˡ
ǣ㵹мġڴЩм˵ֵʥ澫ѪڵõҲǲں϶١һܹں϶٣ҲĳصġڼȻѾΪʥ沿ˣ֮ʥ澫ѪԻĶ
ںʥ澫Ѫ˵
ںںĻҶСûô⣬ֹںʥ澫Ѫ¾֪ô֪
ʱͻȻð˵ҵʱֻ֮вһ㣬ںϴ֮ҲΪߵġԵʱδ˽⵽µġ
һ˻ҶСˡǺҲ͵ʱʵõҲδָȻľӢһЩоһѾɹںϣȴ̰Ĳ㣬ɫҺ巴ɣû
ԭҶСʥ沿ںϾѪһк⣬ǹЩʱоĪһĨ⡣ԼҲ֪Ϊںʥ澫Ѫԭ򣬶ʹʥ沿һѪԭ򣬻ΪǱûõʶЩ΢һЩáһԶΪȻ֪Լȡʥ澫Ѫ֮£ҲͲȥΪǡ󲻵áĶˡ

ҶС벻ǣڴ賿֮ʱЩǰʥһڷ˻ǻĵһʱ䣬˶ټһ𣬵ȻҶСҲҹ֮ʱٻ˹ȥΪڵ̽λڳȥѯʧˡŭʮʿڴһǿ˴ж֮е˽Բй¶ֻ˵û˳ɹںʥɡһֲй¶һִʱй¶ȥشӦǣ㶼ȥ
һ伫Ϊȫ֮䣬ʮλŹʥʧһ£ҶСҲڴ˵ءҶСļϻſŻûΪָֻͷϸСߴСĺڡЩϵ˼ֻҪѯ⺮ڱɣ⺮ȴҪҶСһ⺮ڵʵڳĳǶܿһЩȻͻ޵ʮƣһ㾳硣Ҵµ໹Ҫȫڲ֪ҪЩҲ÷ԣֻҪͷӦ


һ ħӰ
Ѱ޵ĻַΪʮﵽڰ˼֮ʱӵ˻εҲ൱ԪӤΪ޵ȼ߼ʮҲӵ൱ʿԪӤڵΪ֮ǿԼΪģʱȻԳѣ֮ʱٶȲٻͬ׵ҲͲʮ֣Ĺ֮֡е޶ʿһҲ÷顢֮һȼơڽڰ˼ӵл֮ǰʿͬǿȴҲԣ޷ʹ÷ɽֻƾǼʹһЩһǵ˻ڣʹü򵥵ķһԽʮڣӵ˵ʿһͬʱټǿͬʿʿҪǿ࣡
˼ʥʧһ¼ȻѾ˺ϸҶСҲֻɡȻϵ󣬵ȴҲЩ档ϾҶԨǱħ°ȥ˵׼ԷЩ֮ǰҶС뺮ڲδ˵̫ĹʥʧԹеľһǹȻһЩЩ΢ΪӺڵĿͬһʡħ
ԭЩ˵Ľ浱Щʥ֮ħ֮ˡһʣҶСҲ¹ע˵׼һѰħĺûᡣ
úڽ侭˵ϣ˵ʥ溮Զ֮ɢħп·ħڵĿռŵĲ²֮ʱǴϲ˵ʥ溮Զһܡԭ֮ǰһΪǿħѨֻǵбħ嶼Ѿʥ沿նɱϣȴôȥħѨ֮ȻͻȻħ˳֡ǻֱֻӶȡʥµʥ顭
ú˵Щħչֳʵڳеĳ϶һĺΪǺ˵ôȡʥħУ൱ڷʿΪǸ㼶սѾЩڳûа취ȥȥġʥʧȴҲЩʵǿħ˲δ⣬ȥʥ澫ѪȻʥ澫ѪҲ޷ס
֮ʥ鱻ľѴһϻֱ´һתʥ澫ѪλãȫֳʮݣҷֱΪغͰȫĵطЩطǳϻ֮Ҳûһȫ֪ÿһ鸺ķʥ澫Ѫİáһһʥ沿䵱ٱħϮҲʥ澫ѪһϦ֮価ʧɳʿٶ̽ʥȷǷľħռ䡣
ϻ䲼ֻм֪ܳҶСϵصȻҲȨ֪֪ΪڵĹϵʥ沿߲֮еȻж

ڶգҶСոջصסʱһδİѩ󣬱ٶ뿪һΣҪطʥΪпܲŹħһرӧҪһͬǰȥ̽顣Ȼ˴̽ǴϺǰȥĶ룬ҶСı֣ɻᱻΪǶʥ沿һҳϱ֡
һǰȥ̽У˶˴ͼ⣬ֻȵļϺʿҶСˡϾʥ鱻һ»ɢȥ⼸ȥʥ̽ҲǼΪص飬еѰв֪ġ
Ȼһνʥˣʵȴһڡ˵нٶҲΪ٣ΪкڸҶСߵԭ֮еޱ֮ǰǶܵԶԶġһλЩʶδĲ޻ͻȻܳһȴһͷҲδ
ƾ˼Ľų̣֮ûһ谭ʱ⣬Ȼٶײĵ㡣
ʱҶСֻǵ˵㣬˺ģź뿪ʥ溮Զֱһٶˣŷһ˵㣬ǶоȫͬӵĲ㿪ʼǶб㾡Ǿ޴᾵ʯĴɢҶѻȻû·Щ˶Ϊ֮ˣ˶нҲʲôӰ졣
ΪдϺЩصļڣҶСʶɢ̫Χˣһ˵㣬ҲʼܵһмϤϢǰлʱвĺƮǵʱǸҶԨϵĺڼ֮ƵϢǺħˡ
˵㣬Ĵʯøࡣ׳ʯ񡢱Ҳ飬ɢڵ֮ϡһɹɵĺҲ̴һ㣬ʯһֱ쵽ҶСȻ֪Ũħ۶͡Ϊĺɫʹ㶼һħΣħһĸܡ˾˽磬ħħ磬˶ħȾʥռͬħһ㣬ΪҶСȻʲôĸоһ룬ʣо
ȻûϲĵطȴòŸĵطнΪЩ˲̽飬ҪЩħӡԷħһͬЩӡɢħĵѨţһڴϵĴ¼һط̽顣
ʵط֮ǰλѾϸ̽˴νǴΪΪĴٿһ顣

˴ĳϴ·ܿ˾ħŨĵط
ҶСǰһƬҲüͷǺڼҲǾȲѣΪǵѾ꣬вδٶȻصȴ˴Ѿľ
Ǻ֮ʥҲͷڣҶСǰȴֻһƬīĺֳһռ䡣˵ǰͺƺҹͻȻĽ٣һɭĺҹһЯʯɢԡīħɢϢǲ侳½Ըܡǰ˴ħƵѾΧڴ˴ǰֵһЩ׳ԵЩС׼ףֵһˡ
ϣ
һϳüͷĴϿʵ
ϵ֮вǵ˵˴֮µȷͲһħռ䲻ˣҿ˺ƵħӦò޹й¶
޹й¶Ǿй¶ˣкô
һɫĳϿʵ
Ǵô˻ȴҲֻεҡҡͷħ֮Ҳŵıȱ˶һЩѣʵԼҲδ߽׵ħʿոյĽۣҲǴӹȥȡϢ֮жϳħħй¶˼кŨˡ

ͬʱҶСУ̺Ũĵ˵ȻֻǳΣ˴ΣӦҪħ˵֮ϵҲǴħ֮֮ţħ֪кͼ·ħȻвСĹģȻ׿ŵġ
νħ򣬱ָЩħӵĸСռ䣬ָħ硣Щħ֮УҲܿܲһЩǿħ塣
ô˵ħˣѾʥ沿еĲ༸ܾӡһǰΣҲֱӴط档˺ƴħҪ䳹׷ӡҪӳ顣ܿʥ沿һЩһͬӡȻʥ沿ɹϵһֱ̫ǢǴѾʥ沿һ飬漰ˡ֮ڲϵΣһħټҪȫġ


һ 뿪
ȥطҶСδ˵һ仰ȴתͷڱ˻ͨͨʲô£ǶҶСǸᡣǸܹлҵҶԨĻᡣȻڵΪͨͨҲ׾µУħȥ̽ġǰʥ沿ҪӡҲһʱɵ顣ȻǺǰѾʼй¶ҪȫҪЩʱ䣬ҲδؾһʮֽҶСʱ֮ھҪΪǴҶԨĺڼ֮ΪȻܹӲʿҶСҪܹҶԨȻأҲҪԪӤڲЩĻᡣ

ոջصʥ沿ĵڶգҶСٶȥҵ̳ϡ
һҶС̳ԭϼһ˿Ц⣬˵С㲻ȥúϢ˿ʲô飿
ҶС񲻽غڣṩ˴鱨ҵڶ֮̽ʱӧΪȷЩ⡣ΪһʼҶС̳ϣҶСҲʮ⣬ҲʮֺͰ
С̳ϣҶС񹧾ʩ񣬶㿪żɽ˵̳ϣ½رеģϵλǰæʥ֮£Ҳȥţֻ
Уʱ֮ʣҪȥ
̳һ˴Ϊ⣬ԭΪҶСܹνʥϿ֮󣬻һһʥ沿䣬⼸վ͸ʥ沿ȴͻȻҪ뿪ܲԾ
̳ϻǵãʥ沿ΪѰƾ˵ĵҩǵҩֽټζҩȴǻҪǡҶС͵̳ɲϷˣֲһ꣬꣬СȻǻعʥ沿䡣ΪЧģžĥµΪϾٶʱҲΪྡһֱ
ԭˡ̳ϳ˵˼һᣬſ˵ðɣмעⰲȫʲôѣĪҪܱǣ
Ȼ̳ϲҶС뿪䣬ҲסġʥϿʽͶÿ˵Чһؾ˴뿪Ȼġ
򵥺Ѽ֮ҶСȥ
ںĺͷҡѾ֣ҪƻԪĵʣ¼ֲϾͶڶʤҵˡ
ⱱ«ʱ㣬ҶСҪصʤȴֻܿԼһķɻȥˡڸ̳֮ҶСصסϰѩ·ʱǹһˣȴǶһһԡǺԻãҲҶСĶչˣǰѩȴֻʿΪǴǸСĸԣҶСȻصɣѰѩȰɣȥѰϡһγҲʱ䣬Ȼذޱ˿򣬵ҶСɻмĪġ˻ȥҲһ¡

ΪҪУҶСҲһֱеġ뿪ʥ沿󣬱ֱӰ֮ǰõĴ˴ͼҵһ뿪֮ǰҶСҪĲɹһǡ
ҶСȻϵнʯȻ࣬ȴвٵǬóʯҲ͹ʱ֮ˡ
ŸոջȥʯҶСֱǳĵ̡ԭȺ֮ʱùһȴʺںϣƯںнȻҲԷУٶȴ˲١ԺҶСҪϴڸأҪĴܹٷеͳ˱֮
ʵҲ༶ΪҶСǰδ̫עһֱ˽⡣ʱԼȥġǵ֮һʲ֪ԭҶСҪ󣬿ˣٶȴﵽʿٶȣʱһ·ֻҪ㹻ʯṩͿԲϷеȻѾ֮Ʒ൱ߵһˡҶС֮ԻҪҲΪ˿ʹõڵҪѾõǼ࣬ȴҲû뵽ҲѾеˡ
Ϊ졢ءĴףÿһַ֮Сִ߼ʼһ𽥱ø߽סǻƽһҲܴﵽҶСҪٶȣȴҲҪһֱ˿ƲŲƫ뷽ҪﵽҶСҪģҪײܴﵽٶȣҶСҪĴСãֻ˿ռԡˣҲҪҪ߼ſԡ
ǵ˽ãҶСŴ˽⡣ǵ֮˵˶໰ܵ꾡޷Ϊ˺ÿ۰ˡҶСҲن£ֱʵұҪ߼֪УҪʯ
ڵĵԱһĵǮֱӻصǰٸ߽׵ֵȼĵ̵ȷûл׵Ļмġڼ۸ԸһЩǰһҲҪʯ֪ǰɻҪ
ҶС֮ǰû뵽ԼҪ˰֮ǰһҲʮʯˡõҲгۣҶСʹȷҲǸ۸ǬѾٶöнʯȻԤ㣬ڻǱصһҪʯѿĪҪң
Ǻǣǰ˵Цˡ̱鲼ϣÿһҵ۸ǹ̶ġǲţǰȥʡοǰݣСƭǰǰ׵ǵȻѹãǰһʣ¾͸˸͵ļ۸񣡡
ҶСոҲһ˵ǵһ˵һѣһЦȡ˸ոյδȺʯӣȡöнʯݸʿ˵ȥҪˣ
ʿý˱ʴ⣬лϲȴδȽʯȥȡҶСĿȷ֮󣬲ȡʯ
㻨нʯŹõ߼ҶСУͷβҲƴСΣмĲֱǹϢĴգԱ߿СҸȣһȡǴ߻еˣҲƵͼȻڲδ𣬵ǾʹССĸͷҲóϾͱȵڷŵЩƽࡣ
ʿҶСʯҲδȥ鿴ֱҶС濴˿⣬Ҳδȥһ£Ͼĵһʽȥƭ˵ġ
ҶСʵʵѣ֪֪˴ļҳ۵ҩƷߣ
ǰҪƷҩҩ￪ģӦöг۵ģҪƷٸߵĻɾ˵׼ˣһܹƷҩҩǻġ˵꣬ʿͻȻʲôһ㣬˵ǰʱ򣬽һСᣬҪǸ߽ҩ֮Ķǿȥ
һЩ͵Ľ֮жǻᶨڵľдġֻΪҶС֮ǰ֮ƽʱܹ򵽣ҲδעҶСղŻʣΪ뵽ϸٶ󵽷Χ๫ﷶΧеľӰҩȻҲٶֻ࣬ҶСδԿӰٰˡԭҲֻ빺һЩƷҩҩ£ʿһ˵Ҳȥ֮
ҶСһ뿪ǵ̣㷢ڽ֮вʱԪӤʿ֡²⵽пμġԪӤʿǰμӣȷģСҶС֮ǰѾ֮һ뿪˳ĵֱ̱ǰ

Ƭ֮䣬ҶСȻɵڡһţݽʿӭò£ȻеĹԱˡ


һ 
ֻòʿһҶС񣬱΢ЦüΪʵǰǵһǽɣ
ҶСɻΪղڵŮοԼǵһˡĪĹ֮֮ãɻ֮ʱŮǿʣҶС͵ǰ֪ǽĲһҶ䷢֤ݵġСŮûиӦǰĴڣ֪ǰӦǳˣŲ֪صġ
ҶСЩΣ˼һȻ߾֮϶ӦͬһϢһЦ˵ԭˣǲ֪Ҫδȥȡ
Ů޲䷳Ľ͵ҪǰˡҪǰȥǼǣҪƷļֵ䷢˳Ʒ֤ͼЩҵϵʯֵȼģҲ˵ҵΣǱ䷢Ӧȼ
ҶСĵֱӲתһ룬һΪ֤ҲԱҺ۵ΪҲࡣ˼䣬Ĵ¹ҶСҲͶ˽⣬˵Լ⣬Ůǰȥȡ䷢
䷢ĵطҶСԼѾûжнʯȻһ䷢֮أƾϵнʯͲ㼶żûﵽҶС˾ȣǴҶС˵ŮҲһЦҶСϾôһöнʯ͸Ķ˻ټġʿҲҵģЩĵ뷨ȴҲұֳЦɣ˵ǰȻʯҲ뵣ġûлҲǿԽеġֻǣû֤ĻǲȡƷġ
ȥʲôȻûʯҶСмֵĶǲ٣ʵչ֮ﵹһЩõĶҪۡеĻһʯȡǡ
ȻչĵطչƷ໹㷺õóĶաҶСҲǽյһˣ֪⽻ԶЩ۷öࡣһļ۸ʮֹȻܸ̫ߣǺģҾǸļ۸ԵһЩҲг۵ͶٵġȥּۻۣҪı˿ӵ鷳ҶСȥּ֮ΪʲչĶûʲôƣжҩǲϻǷȵȫһչȥһֶһط鷳
֮ǰҶСöǬһٶнʯ⽻м俪ļ۸ҪһЩԱ㽫ʣʮǬһ𶼳۸˽һҶСϵʯǧöҵнʯһ¸ոһ׵ҶСֳ˸СʵҶСϵƷҲǸոôǬˣϸ֮ĵҩȺ֮лµĽǧö弶߼ȵȶԼ֮ʱõ֮ǵ˲֮ʱȻǾὫ۵ġ

ǻ֤ҶСǧöнʯҶС㲽СҶСһϲ˸ƧĽȥ
ȻĲΪȡʯҲǵ˲ʱ䣬ۿҪʼ½½ѾԽԽ٣ٸλȻӽ
ʱѾʼͼһ𵤺ߵ̨ϣ򵥺Ѽ䣬½˽Ҫ֮ѵ֮࣬ʽʼ
һʼĵһƷһƷײ͵ķҶСΪޣǷ֮౾ûʲôоһαͼЩȻ֮˽ܵǷ棬ȴҲδĶҶС޶ûʲô뷨ȴλ޵ġѰڿʼĵһƷ֮ʱһѹƷ൱۵ƷԴůάҵȶȡȻһƷĳһҶСδļ۸񡪡ʮнʯѾҶСģ֮е߼۸ˡ
ͬڷɽ֮࣬Ϊ;̫ԲûʮԵĵȼ֡ݷԣֵƫ󡣼۸͵ѰܼöнʯܹãʮнʯķҲеġһЩѾӽ鱦ܵķͿܲʯܹ۵ˡ
ν֪һ˵ز֪ʯ١ҶСʱָоۿҪҲδĵһƷеƷһһöƷ׼ѵôڲǿ󣬶һʹߵƣֻҪ㹻ԿɽҶСոպۣ㱻˸סöһҶСԶԶܲ˵ļ۸ɽһҶСͬʮָȤһöҩҩǿĳƷҩ֮ȻݲһЩҶСϸ֮еľԼȫ죡ϧǵƸƷ׵ҩĲϣݲģҲͬʮ֮ҩĳɽԶļ۸
ʵͲҶСûʲôҵ׵ʿ֮ҶСһ⼸𵤡ԪӤʿһǲСˡкܶǰѾ֪˵Ʒ嵥ͱʯ˾Ϊ˴ġȻҶСҲ㲻ɢޣϾиɣһСõȴҲЩɢǿ϶١οɾǰ䶯ҲûʣʲôҵסȻЩҲиɢҲ٣ȴҲǷëһĴڡ
λھ͵˽ѹƷɰ
̨ϵ֮鲢ïĽһɰãҶС֪˴ǰˡȻѾ˵ѹƷҲѾһƷĵһȥҩٶ๺һЩҩӣֲϸ֮СԺҵײʵ֮ǰ᲻Ҳա
ȻɰҲ֮󣬱Ѿ½볡ҶСҲվ׼뿪֮ʱȴ̨ϵ֮˲δ˵Ҳδ뿪Ǽ˵滹һƷӣ
ȻѾ½뿪֮ȴɱõְҵ緶˿Ӱ죬š㿪ۣöֻҪöнʯң˽ߣһöͬȼֵҩӣ
ֻҪǧöнʯ
ҶС񼸺ԼĶ䣬֮ڸҩ֪ԣܹƷҩƷȻ֪ǳ֮ӴĿаö֮࣬ѰƵҩֻҪһöɣνƷҩ֮мΪһ֡¶ԵģȻֻһ㹻ưƷҩ裬ҲǼΪ䲢ûҲû֪ĳǶꡣģһֱǧ꣬δֱѾǴﵽԪӤڵʿҲδȻһʼţ΢תһ룬еϾֻǸһöӣŹҩ֮˵ӡУ޷֮Ͼ˭ķǧȥķһ֪ʲôʱܽӵҩϡƮԸȥЩʵʵ顣ԣȻΪ󣬵ȴʽ֮
֮ΪѾгÿ¾ĳһεʽ֮ʱȴͻȻһһ֮д˳ӣҪˣ


һŰ 
˶֪ÿһʱ䣬󶼻һӡϧʱһ֮⣬ҲͶûʲôرоˡϾⶫھ˵ǿ¥ָʵ̫Ʈˡһֱ˼꣬ҲδóȥҲʮнʯһֱڵļǧнʯ۸ȴҲһֱʽҶСһڣһĿĵǸʲôļһԸ⻨ǧнʯȥֻܿʵûʲôôĶһҶСݣᣬЩ׷װԲ²䲻֪ļҳé®СӲŻᱻɣ֣ȴ֪Ӽֳġ
죬̨ϵ֮ҲЩȣŶĻǧöнʯ¶κһʿһСĿġ

ʱ֮ҶСȻ뿪ᡣʱҶСǸոջȡǧöнʯȴֻʣöʱȴöӡ
ѾûһСУҶСϥСԵǺԺںİѩʱٰѩΧöнʯóɵһС;󡣴ʱżٶȷУȻûʲôУҶССöнʯ֮ҲڻͷžŰѩѩȻԻǸµСŮȴΪ̿࣬ҶСҲûʲô鷳
ҶСãɻʵҶ֪Ӧò᲻֪԰ɣ
ҶСöӲӵӣ˵Ȼ֪ȻỨ˶ʯ
ǡ
ҶС˵ȴֻһЦδٶ˵ֻһ˫֮һ˿Բ׽âҶСɵӵԣȻỨϾ󲿷ֵʯȥ֪䵽Ǵʲô̡аҶСһʲôܡ
ΪҶСĽ̸İѩһüͷʿ׶ΣΪ̫ǳ֮ʱȴǲʲôŵġˣҶСָһϣü佥չ
ǰѩҶСƺǿ˼ֵԼĿ֮̿ϣѩҶС껹̲Ͼɱ֮𣬶ĸ֮ޣȵҶСܵЩ˵Ҳرġ
֮ǰҶСðѩ̿࣬иж֮ʱиڴһ˿ΪֻһΣȴһºĵĳһ١ԭʿ֮ʱΪҪıǻĻǿ˰ŴȻʵʱЩЧȴᵼºһ㣬ҶСļȻԼнĳɾͣԼΪʵϵӴԺ԰ѩ˵顣
Ǻڲ˵ҶСҲʶϸ֮У濴ȥͺһ㡣ǺڼˣҲҶСֻҪʱעʯҵз򼴿ɡĺôǸغķѳߵڳ֮ʱҲԲңԶҪ뵽ɿҪµʱ䣬ҶСҲᵢˡص֮ҶСΪӦѾ˳׵ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰӦ˺Ҫȷ޷ʩչģԼԼġ
һϸ֮УҶСһ±ǽ֮ǰֲϸ֮еҩγȻöһϸ֮СгƷҩҩѾ٣㹻ʹá˿ذޱеЩʿʱʹһЩƷҩҲ㹻ҶСˡڣֻöӣľĹЧܷѿҶСԪӤ֮ǰܹõľӵ˽⣬ҶСѾ֪仹иԾֲҩԽ٣ҩ޵ЧԽԡﵽһ޶֮󣬾ͶԶҩûʲôЧˡˣȻڵҩѾ㹻ʹãôֻöӣѵЧȥޡ
֮ҶСǣʱǸ֮˵ĸһöͬȼֵӣȻҲһöӡԭöӵǸ֮ˣöǰһλ֪ʲôΪĸ߽ʿһߵƵһöҩ֮ʿһʱˣ͸öӡʱõʱǿģƾְ֮㣬ÿ֮һԼöӣһֱ꣬ڣҶСǵһ֮ˡ
ƷҩѾǶԪӤʿЧĵҩЩܹƷҩҩֵҲǼߵġ뵱ʱסԶɽ֪ķ˶ѪһöƷҩϧǸӴеȥΪһöѣ˱Щ߻ħȻĿֻܹƺһƷҩĲϣҶСʱ˶Ŀ΢һЩȥȡԼӦҩҲġܹͽҶСԪӤʱҩĺܴһ
ҩһͬγģѪѪҶСȻ˲٣ÿһʱιСһöҲ㹻ˡȻСҶСϸ֮Ҳʱ䣬޵ĳɳΪοޱͲʲôɳر壬ԵھҶСϸ֮ҲûرԵĳɳǵԿó࣬ʱҶС˵ЩʲôԵıֳܹöڿѪЧûǲСġ
ýϸ֮еҩ׵ҶС㿪ʼѹƺ֮ǺȻΪޣǴ̸֮Ҳó弫ΪϤǰǺʻ켣֮СҲǸϼ޻϶ԴĦ˼ҶСȻҲ֪ԼľϵôҲȲһǧ֡ѹƺ֮ȻԽԽá
ҶС𣬾ǿޣʵõıǽΪԼˣֻϧΪ̫ͣҲδϰ֮װ׿ϧᡣҪѹƺֻһ취֮ǰԪԪ֮в½ƣ
ǽƲֻܶԱΪ֮ʹôԺͬʿҳǵ򲻵ѣҲȥʹˡҲһƣ֮ǰʥ沿пֻдڵۛgͺķҲʶ
ҶСһ֮ԣ㷴ʵ
ȴЦЦĽ͵㲻ǵõʱԪ֮ʱ˵δȫ㡣ռѩ˺ĻѪ֮ӣķϣұٴһԪ֮ѹǺԡΪ֮ǰѾ˷ϰӦòѣиµʱӦҲʹˡҪĽ֮֮ǰϰԪкܴ죬ıΪӸ֮ʹá
ϸϸҶС񽲽ΪҪԱԼǿ֮ʩչԪƣҪҲӸߡȻҶСķѵʶ;ҲࡣôڿڶԷ֪֮жԶԷʩչҶСǡǡᣬ֮ʱԽԪʶ֮СȻҪȫɹʱͲ֪ҪˡȻƲ˶٣ͻжáҶСҪ󲻸ߣԼܹʦһȫƿغڣֻҪûмӺԼ˼ˡһѶȵҲûôĴˡ


һž ;бչ
˵һ㣬ڽ̸ҶСԪƣǽǰһαܲµĽƷɢÿһβһ㣬ֱԺ󣬲ŻὫƳɡǾûȫɣǽƶҲһЩá
ҶС񾭹յķУȻηзһֱʯٶƶУۿҪ뿪«޵ķΧ뵽ʤ
ֻһƬɽлѩʹɽһƬѩ׵ɽ֮䣬һɽ֮ľţͻȻ
Ѿ˶յҶСˡһ߳ĵľҪѩˣһգһֱеһССռڣ;ÿˡڻܱٹȣÿʱҲ̫֮࣬ʱ㶼ſڴ߳Сɽ֮УһͿҪˡһ̤̤̤ʵʵĵ棬ʱȸԾĺͯչ¶š֮˴Σ̲м䲻ʱ׺ɫСҰ˷ïǰѩδʶġ
ҶСνȴǲѣǷʲô쳣յոһܵԼҪסȻֻǽ𵤳ڽ׵ڣȴҲãоܰ˳ɣԲŲò
һԷɽһͱ֮Ͽٳһ׶ΧԻ󣬶ڼ׶֮öнʯٰѰѩиڣ㰲
֮ǰһգǺڵҲѩʶ˵֣ܿǰѩѪ֮ѪԭССͶںԵûκο־度֮࣬ڶȻûбֵʮϲҲûвͷ԰ѰѩиҲûʲô⡣

Ϊֻûн㣬ҶСרһǶһһŽһŵƷҩʳϸ֮еĴɴ̲ҶС֮ΪһֱڷҶСó˲ʱȥ´µԪƣҶС񻹿Щս
ŲҹݲʡԭҶС츳ϸеĴҪ׵ҲҪʮʮ꣬ȴҲոս׽𵤼ѣ⼸֮УҶСҲ˲ٸֻԵϸеĴ֮ʯɹգо֮ƹͬʱ֮ҶСʶҲܹ໥תȻͬ໥תȴҲǿһպ͸˳ǽڵ𵤺ڱڽ𵤳ڵڸѣٶӦҲ̫
ʱҶСóɵľ֮УΪҶСȫתϳȡеʹ֮вɢɫϢתתע뵽ҶСڡ
еһöƷҩڻŨ˲žתҶСӯϳŽȥѾҶСʱµĵöҩ˿ղܷһţҶСȴƾڲһʣһöһöķãͻȻ˾ȴҲʲô󰭣ķЩʱ䣬ɽ価աҲǸ塢ͬһôˡȻҶСֳǶһķõҩһʼҲúڴΪȡ˵û뵽ҶС˶ĵҩܹǿȵķõҩһĽվԾˡ
Ǿ󣬻ǵҩҲʱҶСϸ֮зתֱ𵤵Ũ˵ȴС׼ˡʱǽҶС񲻶ע𵤵ֳʮݣôϸ֮תռ߷֮ࡣϸ֮УһźƶһƯ֮еڷתת֮лз֮תͬʱϱ̽Ĵһķ֧Ű˷ɢȥЩȥ֮󣬱ĳһ㴦ƾγһССУЩ֮дݳȥǣϸ֮бֻһǵڲתÿǶһССС
˾ʶδȫСȴǾȲѣһ֪ʲô״ģĴҴܣععҽšֱܲס˳ֵųһŴס΢һЩˣȴֹסصĽлţʮίһ㡭
ЩССУȻҶСһӿڡƽʱ֮ʱҲֻǻһӿڶѣֽΪͻƵڣȫʩΪܳܵ޶ȥȡ
ҶСĴ˵޷סʵǲͬһҲһԽ׵ġϾһƾ֮вһΪﵽԴﵽɽ׵ġҶСȻԭ
ÿһν׳ʱ൱һµĹ̡Խι̣պĳɾҲԽǲڽʿڵʵҶСģǾᣬ̶ȵΪ
ҶСĲڽ֮עֻҶСŨֱʵʣŨһҶСΧ
ԭ׽ڱˮ֮£ʿòһȻڵһʱ䱣֤ɣôȽ˵ҶСȴˣȻ˴ȴڴٽ׿ɣȫʹ価ϳȻʱԽҶСڽ׺ĻҲԽι̣һҲԽߡ
ʱ䲻ţҶСҲԼȫĶڽ֮Уıʧȥ˶ĸӦʧȥ˶ʱĸоֻ֪ԼҪ׵Ĺ̲ϳʹԽι̣ҪŨһһֵĲע뵽֮СʱţԭҶСΧ۳ɵҲʼһһ»عҶС֮СˣҶСļ֮гɫ⻪Ϸ䡣ģ⾫⻪ڿʼȥҶСĽҲڵĽ׶Ρ

ѩͺԭҶС˼ձɽףڶ֮һȣ»ûжǺڵΪýҶСڵļ׶Ҳ¿Ը֪ҶСΪҶСʲô⡣
һգһͯһ֮ʱԭ˫΢յĺͻȻ˫ۣתͷҶСĶڷȥԴһ־˵ڳˣ
úжѩҲתѹ˫ۣҶС֮
ڵĻδ䣬ȻҶСڵļ׶֮ȻâǣǶһֱӳյСնǳһƬǹâɣƣǲ֪ĻΪǽ𵤽ԪӤˣǳȴֻһƱʲôڵסһ˲١ֻ֮һХҶСһһ㣬ǶзɳҲΣֻõһɵĹâβֱͣʣ
ҶСһХƳתԽֱʣԽɽصɽ֮УХ䣬ҶСٶȴǣǱըһ㣬˲ʱɹâǹ΢ȥǰҫĿ֮ʱ㿴ɹâʲôԣķɽƳķ֮вϿ߮ɽжٱɽΪзɽʵʵʵʵ飬ʱɽϳһʱһɽûǱֻɽ⻪Ѥõĳ֮ΧҶС񲻶Ͻ֯һ׽Ĺ򲻶תɽɵģȻɵĻ齣


ڶ Լ
ҶС񱾲֮ˣʵڲѹԼǿ۵Ĵʹ֮һʮƽ֮Сôõʱ䣬ͺһֱϿ֮еĸ˿һ㣬Ȼֻ֪Ҫ㹻㲻ʲôȴҲ˵һֱ˵ķѼΪˣҶСһɣȻúһֱؿڵһͻȻ˳һʱͻȻԼδйǿʹһʹԼһֱδɵĻ齣ȴ׺ĵһʹãʹֱӴﵽɾ磡ޡ顢ʵڳںϡڣ齣Իûǧɽʵ飬ʵʵʵ޷׽
ֻҶСһʱ齣󳹵һ飬⣬콣Ӱ˲ʧ˼һֱ·ĺںͰѩȥ
֮ʱ⣬õˣ
ҶСոս䣬һЦ˵
ѩȴֱֻС콣⣬֪жٱأ
Դһƫ׽˵ͬޣھƣؼеٮٮҲ޹⣡ҶСֵ˳ɾͣǰ;޷Ⱑ
ҶС˸ոճ֮ʱԵмֿһرָ糣ɣһʲô鶼δģúڿޣ΢Цƽص²⣬ֻһ֮أ׽֮˰±ˣ
ԭػת˸ȦƬ̺ʵ˵Сֵܵҵһܹһ֮أ
ҶСδڻͻȻ˵˻ѾǱҪ׷ҶС֮⣬Ҳ˵ЦȻһѾ൱ڷʿĺԻ˵ˡҶСȴҲ裬кβɣ
ãǾ˵ŶںǺһЦص˵ŻͼúͻȻƣһתıɵĳҲǱ֮һ߱仯ôִһŰ֮ڿն
ҶС֪ΪͻȻҪָ壬ĸͷҶСǼģһסѩһۣŰѩٳźȥ
ѩһμ֮ʱѾǻûֻĴָϸСߣʱȻСߺڲǰСܹ˵ʵȻܸߺܸߡҲδ뵽⼸ʱſԼͷС߾Ȼܱ֮󣬼֮ľ޴׵Ƭưһ·Ө׵ĹԣԵмʥࡣɵþóˣ۾͡
ôʱСյȻҶСҲĳԾʱĺѾʥ溮Զ֮ʱҪ޴󼸷֡ڣڵͲټ󣬵һɴ̹ǵϢȴȾΧɽ˲ͶһƬ˪硣һмƬҶһ֦ϵ䣬ֱҵˤɼ顣
ΧźڲתıڿʼϷȥ֪ںڵͷγһȦԲһ̣ͼú˫Ŀкҫ΢ţͼǻͷӳ̫ĹԶ߲ʹԵıԲСֱĿзȥǱոշУٶȷɳɳ֮ʱȴһ߲ʹâҫϸɵı򡣶Ǳ֮Уƺ̺ʲôһ㡣ֻǻҫ۵ıһɳ㻺ҶСķȥ
ʱм˵һеϹԼֻҪһ˿Ԫ񣬽Ǳ֮УɴԼԼɱ֤γһֲͬѰʦ֮ϵûֻͣƽȡԼһɣʹҽӵһ֪֡ͬʱΪҲвٵİպһһҲ֮ܵ󴴡ӦÿԽԪ۳һ˿ɣ
һֻ־˻ȴȻܻεһࡣ⣬ܹཫѱԼޣȴҲӵһرԼʹһԼϵԴ໥սУ֮໥ҲвٴٽȻڿ֮ΪĸߵȻҶСռˡҶСͺڽɴԼӵʦ֮ͨͬʱиΪҪΣ֮ʱҶС񻹿ȫڵõ˺ڵͬ⣬ҶСԽȫöȫΪԵ̬ȻҲ໥ģԼǿҲһƣÿһͷֻͬʱһһǩԼԼ֮һһǲΪҲҪ˴룡
ҶСǰδŹԼǺмʱ˽⡣ǷǩԼȴǲδһȫҶСԼİš
ҶСʱûпԼǩĵʧмֲΪ֮ǰԼС֮ĶȾ֮ˡǴʱͻȻҪ޽ԼԼҪԪƸ½ˡԼ츳ΣǱҪﵽԷΪ綼֪Ǻµ顣Ҳԥ۳һ˿Ԫֻ˫Ŀ֮һ˿Ԫ˫Ŀ֮תһƺɫһ㻺ע뵽˱֮С
һᣬеĺɫȫںΪһֻ֮ʼɿתٶԽԽ죬һһûֻתͷСһ㣬һ֮䣬ɢƽȵݻ⣬һת뺮ڵĿУһתҶСü䡣

ҶСĵһоͻȻһָӦǺԼһһ㣬ǺܵĶܹܵõ֮ǷԼʶȻڸո֮ٶԭķΧҲ֮һŵֻһȦΧǸѩ׵ı˪֮У
ȻҶС񾭹ʶͬʿǿ֣ںִﵽ˷ڵ֣̫СһЩոʶܹõ˷ΧţΪһֺڵԪԭ
ԼһɣڵҲٶСعֻĴָϸСߴС

СպҶС񡢺ڡѩֳ̤·;ֱɷɳ۶ȥ
ڣҶСźʵڣ㵱ʱʥ沿ʥҲǵ޽ϹԼô
ʻȴڻʲôһ㣬ǺһЦ˵ûУֻѹϵˡһĪ
ҶСͺڵ޽Լ໥֮һЩӦʱ˴֮Ѿ຦֮ģҲͲٱܻ䣬㿪ʵС񣬲֪ɷ֪ڲʲôΪδӵһۼ֮ʱһĪǿϢϢ˸ܲΪһȴܹܵõ
˵ܵȻĴˡѾ൱ڷΪܹܵõһ˿ĴҲġʱȻûڵıҪҶСʶ֮ţ뵽С
ڽ֮侪Ȼ⣬ҲڰԼһǶĶˡ˶ܹ꣬ﵽ磬ȻɵġĪһԼΪôССʿȥ޽ϹԼġʱһǿҶСǱֻҪܹϣվһմﵽԼΪ߶ȣԼǿࡣȻмʱͲ֪ˣһ棬ܵһضǿϢֱ֪ԭǹϢһĲлꡣܹ׷֮ˣôǷӡ뵽ѹԼܵϻԼĪôɫĻҲҶСˣ


ڶһ ط
ںԺڵһνҶСϸ֮ҶСϸ֮бֶһס͡ΪھΪٸߣҲһͷޣҶСϸ֮жܵľӰ죬յԻռй¶ɱκ֮жҪΪ档
ҶСҲ֪˺ڵʵ˵ձ󣬺һֱδָʱԪӤʿ¶ԵֵֵܹԼҲȻٶԵʱҶС֮ʱȻҶСɱڰԼĸһ֣ȴǴ
Ҫصɵ·;кԶеʱ㹻ȥ˽ͷҶСϸ֮еһ𾪵ܡڴ֮ǰҲ̻ҶСڵܹҶСĵһôĻδ󷨣ںˣܸҶСĺôҲһˡҶСԽǿԼǽ£ԽԼҲ뺮һ޶̬ԴټҶС壬ǿõ

ҶСϸ֮У֪һֱԼöԼкôĻһ屾һĽֻ֧ܱһΰˡһҲûж٣ֽ֮п³ֻڴ˵ˡȻǺܶĴ˵ܱǱΪ˵ﵽһ֮ҲԻΪȴֻԶǸ֡
ԭҶС޽ϹԼ֮󣬾ܻһСҶСڵָΪǱϾҶС뺮ڵΪ̫ܻ࣬õİں˵ʵ΢΢ġںڳ֮⣬ȴõ˼ĺôҶСϸУܹôľ֮й¶֮еΪǰδչÿÿһ㣬һڻ˲鲼һӰԼڵʹڵҲ֮һתšΪϸĹϵҲʹҶСΪ˺ָܹҲٰ֮ǰ˵ÿһ¸һΣÿÿҪ֮ʱϸ֮мһĹաΪʵ̫Ե˵գʵȴֻ΢΢ܵһЩ˿ȾһЩΪϢˣȴǾȥġ
ڵһ֮ž޴תõ࣬һʥ沿ʣΪʣʼ˽࣬ʼǣΪʵӰ죬˼ԽԽ࣬ΪҲʼٵĽֻϧǺʳЩСЩɾͱ㲻ΪΪ˽ʵĺڣܹ죬ֽȻѾվе۷ֽ˵ڶӰ޴࣬ԼҶСγֹϵҶСԽΪԼĺôԳ׸ıĴˡȻҶСҪɳ磬֪Ҫʱ⣬ȴţһһ죬ԼȻһεľȻһһӰ޴Ѿ䣬ôһεˣβΪԱ֮ʱôһԼΪָ㽫ΪõĻӣ

Ϊ֮ǰҶСڲ˲ٵ飬ȻǳȴҲ׵ȥڴӱ«޻صʤ֮ʱ㲻òƹѵʱ䵹ֶķһЩˣһ·£ٶȻصϤĶݷΧҶСո뿪ݵʱ𣬵һһҲֻʱ䡣
統Уʱʵ̫ݣǰ׾Թ϶ת˲š߽ʿһչر㳣Ǽꡢʮ꣬˵һչرǰٶȻҶС﷢˲飬ڶȴûʲô仯ҶСصʱ˿ǻЩȣû뵽ҶСô͸˻ҶСǰãذޱոձչأԲδõ
⳾֮ϵмֶΣ֮ǰΪɵڶڶ֮еҲһµֱ֮ǰȻҪ߳ʮɣȡƾ֮ǰҶС֮ìܣͽ𵤺ʿĳƾȻомת䡣Ȼ뵱ȣܱߵЩѾռϽڵ
ҶСصɺһ糣ɵķչҲ졣ֽذޱ˿פԼǳȥõҲûʲôõĵġ
Ȼ֮ǰ䶯ҵĲСǱϾҲһĴɣҵ׶ҲһЩҶСĵһ£ǷԸ⳾е֮ȫҩʯ㹻ճת⣬ҲȫƾƷƷƷҩĲϡҶСһλ⼸һһγȥֱӰƻԪĵĲ϶ٻһȥܾͲǼˣҪЩԶ㡣һΣµʱרƴĵҩ
ȻǸذޱ˿֮أǴ˵صĴ˵ǲ˲֪١Ƕ˵Ҫ뵽ʲôɲ̫ѵ飬ҪһûġҶСػ֮ǰ˵ɣԭǳҶС֮ĸ顣ȻǶ˿ܲرҶСȴжЩⲻȥһΣʹƴƷҩǶճãƳĵҩƷʣֻҪãЧڴٶ϶٣ܻϲ١
һ棬ҪչҪкĶҪʿΪҶС񲻽óȫԼϸֲ֮ҩдĻȥȡҩǻҪһĵҩеӡЩҩ̲ȻڿνƵǲɸЩɡ
Ȼ˴ҶСһҪԭ򣬰ѩȻҪھѧϰõ԰ѩҶСĹϵƵĵҩȻٲһݵġڵĻɱȵҶСʱ˲֪ٱеҩпɵڻ˿˿Թ̣νڸ涼ҶСʱ˳öࡣҶСҲûʲôҪĵġ

ҡͺѾ֣ҪƻԪĵֻʣζϡ¥ʯ֬ѡֲϾõϢǶӦڶʤݵ򡪡֬ڽڻҶСյ˵֬һλɢ޵ȥҶСҪ֬һҪȥҵɢޡУð첻٣㿴ǻˡҶСȻʱûд϶ʯϵ޼֮ȴҲ١óһ̻꾧ҲԶ֬ļֵˡ˲ϻǱֻѰˡڣµľѰˣ˵֬ѾʧȥҲ֪ա
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ǹĹеĿܺͻضʮǿ󣬾Ǹ߽ʿȥҲѵٳ֮ЩܺͻҲ֪ԺǱٺò˾ֻ޸Կνǲ֮һֱǹĹ֮виָı¥ʯֻһȻ¥ʯõģݴлӵͽķɽȵȡΪеĿܡصȵ̫ǿЩ֮һֱػбһֱûܹȫµĹȡмֵߵıǲµƮҲл˲ٵĺôƮ˽ʵҲഫƮڵűǹĹ˵Ĵ˵ȵȴԡ
ҶС¥ʯ֬õĸϢǴݰȡҲ֪ǶǰϢҲֻֻοѡֻһ˿һĨڵĲ֪Ӻ֣ʵҪȵҶС񵽴ܹ˽⡣

ת֮䣬ʱѵҶСƵĵҩҲɡһμǶѷڲرеĴҩҶСԼЩЩԼƳġ˵˿⳾ҶСԼҲǵһμ˶ĵҩѷһƷƷҩãѾƿÿƿʮšٿŵʢšǾƷҩʵ̫࣬ҶСÿһƼٽǧţڶֻǶѷڵ֮ϣ߸ߵĶһ
ʱЩҩõĶܼ򵥣ȴ׾Щҩǽʮɷչһ֮ǰҶС˲ٵķɽ˶˸Ʒ׵ķɽȥķɽͿԴ͸½׵ʿڽеʿʼϰҶСµĹ潣Խָһ㡣ȻսҲӦνȥα棬й潣ʵ޻׷ԴĽպĻպķչҲкôڣҶС˴ĵҩһһʿѾ㣬ֻҪûʲô⣬֮ʵֱһأ
ҶС뿪֮ǰҲ֮ǰɳѰϢʿٻһ룬ֻһ̽ͬʱעϢҶСһȥ֪Ҫ꣬Թħ֮ϢҲʥײѾЩ˵Ҳٴ̽Ϣˡһ룬ҲֻǲʧһЩɸ֮зһЩ±ˡ̽㲻ٻһֻصʵҲøһֻɵİȫ

;ǧһ˿ѣذɣ
ҶС뿪֮ʱذޱڱչصУ뿪֮ʱֻ˿⳾ǰСҶСǣ˿һ;ȻͳԶ
Ǻðɣ˿ҧҧ촽תȻһЦ˵֮Զһбأɽڲûգ򲻵ѣҪ̫ƴˡ
׵ģصĵġʱҪ鷳ˣδŮҲҪͷչˡ
ˣʵ⳾ڣиûʲôҪȥġѩССܾܼ֮ͣΣɿ̿дҲѵãŮҲϲ㲻õĵģ
ҶСб㷢˿ûղڶЩ֪ҵһϵûеļƷƷ裬ŪŪ֮ࡣżԳΣʹһΣ֪ȥ̽Ѱ˼ĽȥҶС񻹲Ϊ㣬ǺϸźȻԭ˿Ѿǽ𵤺Ϊ⹦ûڹƵ֮ҵ˫ް£ҲΣҵ˫֮ˣΪҲᱻ˫֮ȡûʲôˡˣҲ֪δ㡣ҶС˼һ£ʵ˿ѣ޹Ҳ˽⣬֪δ㣿
λοࡣһԵɡ֪⣬ھӦѾޣȴ糣ӦûмʮԪɡ˾ãѾķ˳࣬Ȼ֪ˡ˿ҶСֹû뵽ֱ⣬Цһ£˵˵ҵҪлл㣬ûҾͻȺҲѾˡԣϣ˱𣬵֮ʱһлɣ
˿֮ԣȻǽǸ֮ʮʱΪԪ˵ԵʵȴѾ˴㡣ѾǴ֮ʱһ˰ɡԭ˿ֳľҪذޱҶС˸Ϊ죬Ǵʱ˿ֳѺͳȻ񾲵Ȼͺһɽ֮һĺߡ֮µѱƽ˵˵Īһ˸С
ҶСչ黹ûȥ¶΢Ц½һǣ˵һᾡһõ¥ʯ֬طлټģ
˵꣬˱㲻ٶԣҶСת̤б㳯ǰȥƬ֮Ȼʧߡ˿ȴҲٶĪ̾Ϣһ㳯ɵķɻ

ҶСҪȥĶʤΪҶСȴҪ򣬲ȻпҪ߳һľ롣ռݵķΧǶʤݵ֮һСһȥ·ϾҪһʱ䣬֮ȴ˷Ѳġ⻹ֻǵΧҪƮڵҪʱ䡣
ҶСһ뵽˳Χ֮б书ıκݣԷһ֮ǰǵ˲֮едɣСҲȷǱġ˵ǣһ·ϾǾֻǧԶ֮ʱҲδʲôõڹ˳֮֮żΪһƬȺɽҲ֪аǧ֮ңЩ߼ʵɽд˲֪꣬ȻһЩȴ̫ǿҲûʲôǰȥռݡЩȴޣ֮ǧɽ֮жߴľڱ⣬ޱߵʹþʿҲܵӰ죬Ծ͸û˻ðȥƬɽ֮ˡ
ҶС񲻹±㴩Խ򣬽һƬޱ߻ɽ֮ǰڳΧ֮ҶСҲһֱҪʮֽԼ㱻֣ԪӤʿҲܹ֤¶ݣǵʱĿɲֻԪӤʿģλķʿڳǺڼ֮ɱһƷʿķǱǷʿԼǾһˡԪӤʿҶСѾٽ׵˽ںжɵѾС˲١˻齣󣬾͸ſԪӤʿһʱ֮ҲκˡǷʿʵǰȴɲģ޷ġ
ڽޱ߻ɽ֮УҶСڿȫĵޱߵĻɽֻ֮Ҫ׼һҶСҲһʱ᲻ҪµÿһʯղȥֻҪԼڸ߿֮вϷбɡмʱҶСһֱ֮С
֮ǰոս׵ڣδộ¡ǼΪ֮ʱҶСһʱʵʶʮ־޴ֻʶǿдҲδʲôʱְˡʱ䣬պÿΪ壬ҶСδ֪ķ֮ǰԻָ״̬ǹ̺øոս׵ʵ
ҶС֮Уϸ֮ɽ𵤳ȡ˵ǾЧѾСˣҶСҲȥķǷȥú󡣷ȫĵȥմϸ֮а


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Щȥ뾭֮⡣ֶһǱתΪ̲ҶСתҶСδԭΪǷЧܱ֮ġȴӰתǿЧҶСֻҪ뾭֮ʹŨ뵽֮УʹЩתΪһִ֮еҲʥ沿ƵʹһǿǿͺǸǷһ㣬ҪһשһߵĲۻƻٶѾҶСǰٶȿࡣ
ϣҶСҪЩ֮ʯЩ֮ʯյٶȼֻһСҲҪòڽ׵ںĪٶһ֣֮֮ʯԽ֮ٶҲࡣûñĵһС֮ʯҶСԪʶҲһֻٶȲϱøǿ󡣳˼֮ʯ⣬ҶС񻹻ԽղµתΪʶԲʶС
ҶСΪһΪ̣嶼֮ͬʱҶСϸ֮еľҲһΪٵٶڲϵš
Ϊһֱ֮УҶСżҲȥʯѾĴֱٶͻȻ½࣬źȻֵʯʱ䡣һֱеҶС˵ȴоֻǸոձ˫ûöѡʱȫУҶСһʯ֮ҶСڿʼޱ߻ɽ֮أ·ɽϿյȥǰҲ뵽ɽֵСˣҶС񾭹;ڽ˰ķΧ
ʱ䣬ӳڣǸ·ʱѾȥ˴Լһ롣һգҶСһ֮ƺӦʲôҪһ㡣ڵΪ˾õȻǻָ˼ѵ״̬ҲýΧ뿪һ
һȫٷе֮ͣ࣬˽⣬ϳĽâʡ֮в֮أͽɼˣþ˲һѹ֮СҶС뿪ҲļȻԼͻȻһˬҷɵĸоƵĸоҶСܹһΣǴλ֮ʱԼոѧûõʱ򡣶ʱǺҹСֵգߵԶĵŰƶһƬסҶСķɽٶȼ죬һӰѾʡ
һͻȻǰһƬѹѹơѰʿٻ֮·УҪɵƲϷϷ͸ˡΪʿΪ֮ʿɽ֮ʱزŻ׻ɽٵʿƳ֮󣬱֮
ҶСȴкһ˿ɵ߶ٶֱһƳȥҶСһƲ㣬߱˲ʱǷһһ׵ĺ˲ʱ䣬ʮֱ۴ϸֱҶСȥҶСҲֻƾڵǿȣǾҲӲô£ǿȵȻǲڻ¡˲ʱ䣬˵ΧƱһȦ¡¡֮ҶСͻƲ㣬ϷѾţҶСΧžžĲϸС绡һųŵ
׵ϴҶСڷһƬ֮ϡƺȼԲڱε⣬¿һƬڵơϷȴǱһƬסĳ̶ȣѰ֮ҳʱȥһ˱˫Ŀʣʧ֮
ҶС赽֮ߣȫƾǿȻ߶ȣǽʿҲҪ⣬Ųڱٷ˵ǵ˸ִ֮ƣͻţŸܹܵظԶΣĺ֮Ҵ֮СȻҶСͷͻȻӿһڻƣ֮дƶֱƲϷİ֮أż˺÷羰˵ĺܹɼǰСȻֻܵ͸ڵ֮£ڵ棬ηǱŰ֮
ͷһ˿¶һĪĸоӿͷȻûʱͻȻΪֱҶСȴҲ֪Լԡһ㡣
õѹ֣ڴֱգȴҲҶС֮ǰļʮľмơУһֱηЩңɼƣֻԶڵ棬Զûз֮գ

ҶСַһȴûзɳ··ƲδСԽԽŨ߶ҲԽԽߡֱҶСǰһֱʣ¼Ҫѹ֮ʱѹԼ֮ǰһ˿ӦǰǺǾ޴쫷ϷѹҶСɵ֮ߵĸ߿ɻסǰ·ĺƣϳԭⲢʲôѰƣڶɽ٣
ҶСȻֻǽڣȴѾɹν٣Ǿ׵ȴǲÿҲܸܵõġ֮ǰҶС·ǴΧҲΪ׽ٵĵˡ
ҶСʶһɢ˲·ĵѰڶɽ֮ˡֻ˾ҲһޣʱµľҲ֪ǵڼҶСʶ֮УǡǡǱոջͨɢӨӨ⣬ɢŲķɽǾһºð޹⣬һ׷Ʒɽһֱ·ȥһ˲ǸոպлϸĵûһһֱʿĻ⡣
ʿȻɽһ±㱻Ǿȥ令⵽мرֻʿҫһɲϢɢ˳֮ĻļȻ࣬ӯӯ̹ոµľ׵ĵⶼȾм̡ϧ˵Ļ⣬ǾƸΪǿ˲䣬üԵɢİ׹˲ʿɢĻ⣬һ̣ǻ˲ȥǻۿҪȥ֮ʱʿոձɢķɽȻٶҫӨɫĽⳤβֱǾնȥɽն˲ֵ˴ľס᧿ΣĻȻȥĹԾȻ˲ٶҫ
ʿڶɽٵʱ򶼻ᾡȫȥ͵ףԼϡҶСϴĵȷСҶСȻ̽ʱɽٵʿڶڽ׽ڵ׽١׵ƣʿûһ㱻׺ģӦǸոտʼɽ١
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ɲ֮䣬Өɫ׵໥֮ĶȻǹɢȥ֮춯صҲ˳ɢȥʿϸոջѾвüǴصĵǡڶɽ֮ʱΣգΪɽԹΪȻ˵õķأ׽ѹԵ˵ʵЦ̸һ㣬Թ˭˵һ޿Իƾ׵ģԽڶɽ֮ʱûԸɽٵĻǾһˡ
ҶСʶǿҵʿ֮ʱѾʵ̫񣬵ȻǺԼʱʱʵȡܸոǵǵڼѾǺûʿڵĴһ׵ǿȥܷҪˡ
ҶСǰⷭڵƣɢŰ⣬ǼΪԵľףг˾η֮⣬һ˿ԼҲ֮ģҶСڵʵոս׽֮ʱȻرȻǰĹƹǵȴٽ֮پȴһ˭Ҳ벻ͷԺ֮С


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ڸոǵ׸ոսһδʿոӦԣԼոնʹΪۿҪ֮ʱȴȻ׻δ£ȴһƵĽͻȻǽ֮£Ҳ޹˼ɣҲ޼ɵչԼѤ⻪⽣ҶСٷ˹˲òǺˣͼһȻ£һȴûϣֱӺǸոշǵ֮ϡ˲˭Ƿ˻ôȻ͵ףҲδڣײõĽʿ֮⣬ʿĪɱɣ˲һ̣Ϊ𾪵һĻˣȻǴ˵֮ҲûйԽ׵Ĵ˵ȴ˱ǸΪֲ֮¡ΪǾ׺ʿ֮ǸոշʿֻһȻ׹ȥ󣬱˲ֹסȥƣ䣬⡢ɫԼɫԻ֮ӭǾ׳Ϸ˹ȥʱǾҲδֵܵסһɳȥƣ˲ֵס˾ףҿ˼ƺҪӭΪ񱩵ľ׳뵽֮С
ӭž׷ĽȻҶСˡǵƽĽޣһֳ嶯Ҫһ׵ʲô̶ȡǶԼӵоѹľڵ׻ܶԼ𺦡ңڵѾֵµľ磬֮ʱѾԾ֮Ҳδ׹֮ɽּС֮ҲԼδ̫ɺһЩھʿľһԼͬʱ𵽴ʵЧ
һҶС½ȻʢٳʿϷȥպãһ֮ʣҶСҲǡͬʱϵΪǴԾ״ͷҶСת⣬ûκεĵʩֻƾǾԼǾתľ硣Ϊһڶɽ֮ʱ֮ķȥˣҶСһβûеõ̫
Ҳ֪ΪҶСΪ֮ǰֻ̫࣬ǿƣȻͬڽ׵ڵ٣ҶСȴ̺֮֮ܵǰԼ֮ʱ̫ࡣֱϣƺֻȵʱʱǿϲĸܡˣǵ׸ոµ˲֮󣬱㶥ס˴ӿڿ񱩵ھ֮֮βոձ׹ҶСٶǿڷתʹ֮еľ֮ϵıʱҶСΪȫʩչܣҲԽȼҲһŲĴƤй¶ȥľ֮ɫҶСĳ֮УȻһ㱡ĽתҶСҶСʶ֮гһɫâԪҲḡֳ黹ǵһγ֡ҶСȴҲȷ⵽׾ʶеĽһĽ⣬ΪԼں֮һâ
ΣҶСھ֮ĳȷѾ֮ǰǿ̫ࡣһ˳Ӧǿ񱩵ľ֮պ׵ٶȱ㷭š˲֮ЯϺµľ֮ѾϲҶСٶȣҶСÿһϸ΢λ֮ж̺žףڲ֮ʱҶСȻȻĳϷӭǿŰľµķȥҪΪֻǱܵΪոľ׶ѡ˱ʿһĻҶСһУֻ΢΢һ׹Ȼӭž׷ȥ
ʲôˣΪŸʶȻո˵ĽֻһΣʿҲſóǽϵʿΪӦûûг𵤾硣Ϊÿһ㼶ʿ˵ĸоǲͬġΪôӦֻнΪǣΪôʵֻʿѾ˲Լֵһףʿ˲ʱһ룬ȷʿȻֹǽڡԪӤҲֹΪеʦʦλԪӤʿڰеӶɽ֮ʱԷɽҲδֿ֮µģ
ת˲֮䣬ҶСȻɵǹƵ·Զʱһ֮ȻȫաʱҶС˴ǿ⣬ҲΪ֮ܵЩˡȴ˲㱻޸ͬʱ֮䣬ҶСܵĴСδ󣬷С࣬ʵ̶ȴʵ࣬͸˿˿ɫϢͬʱ֮лСһ㲻ĵ⡣Ȼ˲ţȴֲϵǵȻϸ飬ȥʵǿȴѰܵ͵֮Ϊÿһϸ΢ĵ⣬ҲǾϸСһ˿ҲѰǿ
ҪѹͷĺĹƣ߾֮ڣҶСܹĸܵеơϵƺʱҪһ㡣ڴʱҶСֳһ˿Բ΢Цٶʵһ֣ԭҲ˲仯˺˿˿һ㣬ͺҶСΧ˿˿ɫȻͬǺɫϢȴֻи͡ǿĸоûһ˿ħоܴʱı仯ԭ
ܱǿ̶ȣҶСϵĸɫҲٶȴţ½ͻȻ緢Ļһ㣬͵úȻһͷǹرɫ֮У
ٵƾǸ߽ʿ˶ҪΪ֮ݣҶСȴֻ٣ʱӭͷ֮УԷȸߣ
ҶСʱǡǡһ׼֮ʱҶСһ룬ǻδȫͣͺС׵һһ׳˻ϸֱҶСȥͬʱΧ֮Ҳڲϵһֱ۴ϸĵһŵϵĺҶС񡣶ʱҶС˱㶼װס񶼷׵ĵ⣬ǵȴǾĹâʵʵڵľ֮۶ɣʱҶСȻʵʵڵľ׳װסӵл֮ܵľ״ҶСÿһϸ΢֮ϳͼҪ׽ƣҪԷС೹׻𡣵Щ֮ǳ׽ҶСΧǿȶϵĺҶСȴδܶʲôˡΪҶСպ֮ٶȲǾ׵϶١
˺һǾ׵һ㡣ҶС֪һľѾڻδ֮ʱѾաǵոһ֮󣬱ͻȻ֮иǿĵٶɣ֮γ֮ʱֱҶСȥʱƺҲΪҶСĴЩ΢ı仯ʶ֮ҶСĸܵõƵĴСڲϵģڵλãһ׵ǿȺܶȱٶȼǿʱҲȥһǿľףÿÿγһ˿׵׷׳ҶСȥ˲䣬ҶСܵľ֮֮ǰǲ׽֮ʱǿȣһΣʹ̶ȣ׽ٵܻڲϵļǿš


ڶ ˭
׽ڲǿƣҶСٶҲӦļǿΪھ֮ʣԾ֮ҲڲǿȺ;硣ǣÿÿǿһ֣ҶСǿҲǿһ֣ҲøΪʵһ֣ɫϢҲøŨһЩӵķΧҲڲϵСšһмֵһħһɵģ֮ԽǿҶСֿܵҲ֮ڲǿšǾ׺ƳˮһһδƽһһָǿһĲǿţҶСܵѹҲʼ𽥴ϾǾ׵ǿǱģҶСǿȺ֮졣δоʲôѹʱţҶСҲڸеһѹѹڲϵǿšϾ֮Уܵľ֮ǱȥҪǿ˲֪жٱ
ڣҶСڵ岨ľ֮֧ŵ͵ףʼһɢļ󡣶ҶСܵҲʼ޸ٶҲϲϾٵٶȡȻתԽԽ죬ԽԽľױգȴҲиľ֮գһֻ

ҶСڱ˵׽֮вվ֮֮ʱ·ԭӦöɽٵʿȴһãȻ֮вϷ䷶ΧСŨֱֻԭһĴСűԼ׽٣ȴֻ֮󣬾ûһԼʿ뵽кǾ׾ҲûһġҲ֪֮ˣֻڵƲϷϵĴ֮ͺǰ˹ӵеһ㡣еӳյǲΣȴҲδһ׽¡ڶʱȥȻѸոܵ˼ȫ޸ȫӦһ׵׼ֻ֮еԽԽŨңеԽԽǿԽԽ죬ҲԽȴûһ£
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ʱƣ̽һһѾԽԽۿҪֱ档֮еҲڴﵽ˶塣ƵĸӦǶɽܸ֮ܵΪԣһ֪һľǰĸӦֻҪһ֮ôٱǳɹȹˡ
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ԭҶСڿ岨֮ڸܵһЩΣգ֪ѾǼԼļˡǱ㿪ʼ׼ƵķΧȴǽ׳ȥѡÿÿٷܴﵽѰʹһܴﵽЧҶСҪһߵֵž֮һ⣬׼ͻƣع硣ȴһⷢ˼һ㣬ȻҶСǰ۳ƺ͵⣬ĽסѡǣҶСѶδ֮ʣһ˲ʱǧϰٵĵٶȽҶСΧǿһڵǿƺҶС񡭡
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һƣҶСˮһ㣬֮ǰ֮еѹڽӽϢĸоȫȻʧǾ׵ĺҲ˼϶ʱ乩ָҾһΪǿӦҲһ֮еܸǿ١
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ʿһҶСٶȳ֣֮Ҳﵽ˶壬ʱнšΪҲ֪һǷᱻ˼£ǻԼϡʵ֮ǰ͵Ĳǵڶ׶ѣһ׾Ѿзʱȥ֮ã˵֮һײһҲǼ֮һˡвЩţЩʿĴĶܿȥԼһǾȫ͵ҲˡǣȻҲеĵ͵׼Լܴﵽļ£˫ȴֻǽеǵɫâµĽ⣬ǵԼľһ㣡µľһɳ֮ǿȲĳ콣һ̷ߡ
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ʱҶС˳⣬ɫԼĽɫ⣬ΧŵĺڻɫŲϻţǺڻɫźһ㣬֪æҪо£еĲϳϷ۶ȥڻɫţҶС񾭹ϴ˾ܡڵ״̬ѾǼ۳ʵ壬ҿҶСı
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һ̣ʿͼľֻϷһɫһʿʿǴ׳ʵ̫С֮£Ե̫Сϳһһĺ֮⣬ûһϸǿҫȴûһ˿Ļһ̣ھ֮Ե쳣С˶ͱҫĿĵɡ


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ǾǴ׳ĵе֮Ǿ׵ƺҲŰĶ󲢷Ӧöɽ֮ˣҶСۿҪҶС·ȥ
ʿҲ״ģüͷ׼ȫӭ֮ʱȴȻеʿ˫۴ţһХ䳤Х֮Ƴиǹ֮ļһ̣ʿһȻ֮ɢͺһ©һ㣬еľ֮·ֻһСڣǳڵ·ʿڣ˲ֵžףһһѡ
ǱӦǶɽٵʿȫһɽһӨɫ⣬ԭ׼ӭЩϷʿľףȴǻ˸ա֮вӿֲ²⣬˵ǳʲôĿģԼ񼸺ûô뿪ɣʶʿҲôˣҪ˵˸߽׵ʿˡô˳Լֵ٣˵Լɽ٣ҲûбҪ֮еģڵֵ֮ʱʹûùʲô֮ǶֱӵֵǾ֮˵ǳʲôĿģĪķԭԼϵľȫֵ
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ȻѾҶСһУȻƯϿյѾһƬڲܱһ·С֣ҶСҲδ뵽ʵʸСʱܾȻʵʣỬһë׵ĸоҶСҲ֪ʱ׽׵˵ڼ㣬Żһĺڲ˲С̬Ҳ΢ı䣬һĺڲܴӴԺҲͱһ磡
ΪʵԴӴԺҶСʱΣʱҲشæ֮תȥһֿʱҶСתķЧΪľۣ֮Ȼ俴ᱡڶ֮侹Ȼɢŷ֮ٷҶСһȥǺ¡¡졣ȻԼʱһɱ˴ƣ˵ˣԼҲҪᷳˡ
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ԼΪ幦ھеֵֵҶСһ룬ֻϧϵֻмΪϸ΢һ֧ȻҲһڶڵϵĵ¶ϵϵҲǿڲ֮صģ

ϾԼֵ˱˵٣ҶСȻⲢǾǣǷɵ·ȥǸոնɽٵʿһ䣬ʿæսսĵͷҶСȥһǰ㹧ʩ˵лǰֵ٣ǰ֮־
ԭ޵ѡԷ˹ҶСҲûʲôӣԷҲƺԼ޼ģƽ˵ѾǽʿͬףƽưɣҶС񡣡
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ǺǣҲոս׼ѡһЩЩֿˣոҲǡ·Ѳ̫ϡ
ҶСЦЦ˵Ѽ֮ҶС־ݡϾҶСڵһز죬òһʿ˵׼Դ̽һЩ˵صĴ־ҶСĴ֮ҶСչֵǿʵҲ֪޲ԣ޲ȻƽҶСƣȴδͰԼҶСǸ߶ȣ˵֮ǿͿΪ
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־ҶС˵ΣһҶСװȷ˵س֮Щ΢죬뵽ҶСʿҲʮ꣬ߵ˥ԶȷôףԿǶʮģȻʵȻǰᣬܹʮͽ׵һЩСɻɢ֮Ѿʮ˲õˡڵĳɾͣ˵ȻҲǼΪϻ۵ġ־Ϊ˵ǲĻҶСĸм֮飬ƾԼ˵ؼʮľ飬Լ֪һһʮȫҶС
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־һҶСʳֱ˳˼˺һҲδ뵽Լļ䵱֡磬ѾӵйĿ϶ǵġ
ȻԷķ񶨴𰸣ҶСȴҲδģ֮ɴδܹ˼򵥵ľҵԼ֮ġ˵ϢҶСһһϢ־ڽܴ˵صļ֮ʱᵽһйһӴ塪ң
׻˵˺ð£仰ɺáһҺ󣬱Ҳ־ȷҼȷôһΪܷܷСŮҶСǴδʱй֮ԵܷܷǰΧ֮е֮ˡȻʲôĴڴ˵Ҳһָһһ֮УЩƵġԣҶС˽һЩ˵֮󣬱ȥ˽һЩҵȻ鲻Ͼô֮Եҵʱܷܷʾãʱȥæ̽һ£Ӧò᲻æġһʡȥҶСٵ鷳
ҶСҪҵһʿڲ֪ǰʱѾСʢӦòûŹŶԵġ־֪ܿҲʶ̫ٵԵʣҶСǰͳ֮ˣӦø׵һЩġ
ҶС˽ȥ֮ʱ־ȻȻһ˵ҶѣȻֻǴ˵صһСɣҲѾɶ꣬ǰСʢĻеǰ˵׼ŹҶҪҵˣҶһɣһǰΣҲɺúдһҶѣлվ֮
ҶСһҲǸ취ϾԼһߵҪ߽׵ԪӤʿҲô׵飬һӦܹȻãҶĳл޵ˣǵ֮ʱҲЩôǾ֮Ļ޵ԺĪҪ˵ˣ

־бҲһ̳ΪߵҲôһλλԪӤʿıǽʿˡܹһʮͽ׵ڵʿѾĸ֡һ־뿪֮⹺һζҩȴڹ;ĪһЩͷȻڲ֪֮жΪﵽ˽׽𵤵Ҫ󣬻ֱ١ԭһϲ֮£ȴ˲֮ǣʧ֪Ǹ˭֪ȻҶСԼȻȻľһʿط;뵽֮ʱԼһͽ׵ʿڻѾһýʿػȥͬ˻һеĳҲʮָ˰ɣԼʦضΪԼԺ֪µĽһ֡
ҶС־һɷģдŲ³룬аԼʱ֮ʱǸʲô顣һ룬Լƺδйһеûκ֮ʱʿ׶Σ󣬻ǵ˽ڣԼı֮ƺһֱѹһɽʹԼԿЦһ£ȴҲȥԹ԰ɸ˵뱻ҪȥŬѣԼȻһ߳ôԶȻǰ·δȴҲûʲô־壡

ΧķΧΪ㣬ÿһɲܴСϽ򶼺ǿ㡣֮ǰҶСʹ־ԼʱԵɣ־صȴǺܿ죬ԼһʱɵʵڶݣһɵϽҶСһյġ
Ȼ־Ϊ͹Լںٶȣ˻˴ղŵһƬ֮СˣɵɷΧ֮ڡҶСһ뵽֮УܵһʶϢԼɨ֪ӦԼİ˽뵽˼ɣѾ䷢ˡΪ־ԭϢɨ֮ûҲδ
ַһ󣬱̾ڼɽ֮еĸߴ׳¥󡣾ʱȻôЩ¥һ֮½ķɳһ⣬ֱ˷
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·־Ѿܹʿ֮ĹϵΪΪ̫ٵԭ򣬼ûзʲôڶǹĶ֮顣ҶСһɵķΧڣ㷢Ȼ֮ǰ־˵СòСɣһʵҲûеôСҪɺ˲֪ٱ䷶Χǲࡣ벻Ͼ֮ԪӤʿСҲܻȶһ֮ϵҪ߳һεġ
ҶС־Щֿ֮ͬ־Ȼȥһ˻Ͷɽٳɹ˷֮鶼ԱҶСΪһɰɡ־֮ͬ˵һᣬҲҶСܸˡȻ֮ǰҶСѾйڶɽٵĹ̻־䱣ܣ־ڽ֮ʱҲǼԴˡǼԼƾһڵΪܹ˺Ķɹڵ٣ɲġ¶ɻҶСĿ֮г˲֮⣬Ǿη
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ȴһƲѩ׺룬Ƿ˿ȴڵߡһɵǰüͷһ־һһʯͷ˵һͻ飬˵ϺͿˣ˭ȥã֪־Ҫɽ٣ȴȥҩи̣Ǻáʱ˵ģ˵˵λˣɽٳɹպصŰл
תͷҶСɻλСֵܼΪĪǾɽ֮˵ĵӣ
ɢȴûоη֮ɫʻ־һЦ˵ţҪˣ˭Ҳ벻·;֮оȻΪȻֱ١㿴ⲻǺúõĻôǺǣǲȥҵĸ˰лˣΪҶɽ֮˾ǰλҶСҶѣҶɽ֮ˣɲеĸ˵ӡ
ԭ˾ţԪӤʿȻûһӣݰй֮ȻͰȴǱݰ֪ǿ˶١ԵʿҲһʶģҲ֪ƽʱΪˡǵ־˽ҶС֮ʱҲ⣬ΪԼԼɽٻǰ˶ɽٶйΣ֮Ϊ˽⣬еľȸˡ˫ҶС

ԭ֮һҲǧˣǵȷǲࡣʿ߰˰ˣϵʿҲŶˡнԭжʮˣڼһ־ѾжʮˡȴѾԪӤΪ˵λϣһλԪӤڣһλԪӤڡ˶ˣһֻעԳ궼ڱչ֮С
򵥺Ѽ֮ҶС㱻һ¥֮С̷ˣױǱΪҶС񡣶Ļа־ڵʮʿ


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ҶСΪıҪѰǴ˵ӵ֬ʿںһ֮󣬱ֱ⣬ǸϵĺͰ̷ʵǰǡ޵Ѷɽ٣ҲԵԳ̫֮⡣ǰ޵ѴǰΪϣصҪǰһ顣
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ʵΪһˣǰ˵ǰѾСʢΪ֪ǰŹ֣
仰̷Ҳ˳˼һŻȻԭҵˣ˵ȷǳ磬䱾Ѿûж֪ˡ˵̷꣬üͷ΢壬ת˵ҪһˣڰǰﵽԪޣȻˡ֪ǧΪ£ҵܹ㲻ܣ
ҶС񱾻뾹Ȼ׾ҵһ仰ʧˡȻܿȻˣǴʱ׶Щʧһ£˵ǰѰΪ˾ݴӵеһΪ֬ҩֽȻ𻯣֪ǰɷ֪²Ǳȥ˵׼ܻȡЩ
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Ҳã㻹ЩǰԣֻҪ֬δõĻеġλȡҲһЩ׼⻹Ҫʱ˵ˡ֮Ѱδ֬˵ˣ
ҲãҶСǧΪǼֵ֬ҲһЩͬȼֵĻȡ֮˵ļҵ̷̽˱㲻ٶʣתʵҶСѳ˵أӦûʲôӴɣȻССɣȴҲҵĹϵҵǿһ⣬˵һʲôæһµеġ
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ԭΪҶСʱܷܷҲͺ־˵Լй֮Ե־һ˵̷˵Щ⣬ȴδ׷ʣɻʵҶСҵСŮǾʶôҶСѳ˵أػ֪Ҵʱھٰʢ°ɣ
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˵ţ־˫Ŀ֮вһ˿ɫƺҲʮȥ״ʶʶһ㡣
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⵹ҲǸð취֪״ʱʼ
ȻЩԼϵʱôɣǱϾҲһѡԼҵ֬ĻҲִһ֡
̷ۺӣ˵ǡʮ֮󡣲ЩҶСѾɺˣҽǵҩɣϷͼλͽһͬǰȥһƼŶȥˣ

ҶСͣգڵŵõٻ˵ǵձǰȥˡ֮ҶС֮⣬һֱɵĲ֮в鿴һЩʷ伮ȵȡＸ죬ֶ˷ʶ
˵ճ֮ʱҶСŷ̷˳˴Լ֮⣬ֻ־һ𵤺ڵʿ˴ҶСԼпҪʱ䣬̷ȴڳ֮ʱһҶСȽ׻Ҫϲ١Ȼܳ˲࣬ҲǲʮˣٶȷҶСһࡣԼ˴ֻ˲գȻ뵽ҵϽ
еҵʱ֮ڣҶСҲ̷ֻʿԭΪ𵤺ʿ֮ɳǰȥʿԭûд־ģȻ׵ڣȴҲ˲״Ļᡣֻֻн𵤳ڣǸոսףܹߵĻʵ̫ãˡ
ԭΪһε״᲻˸ɵšϵһʿͬʱҲ˴һʿμӡҵļֻܷܷǸƽӹɫҲдʿͷǰȥܷܷ˫ްݵġοܷܷ⣬ֲʲôƽӹɫʹΪʿ֮ͣ׷׵ĸȥң׼һ֡
Ϊ״Ҳƶ涨ƽһı츳ĲԣڶΪơΪֻܷܷнΪԴ˴Ե֮ҲҪнΪҲϸƣǽ𵤳ڣ䲻óʮꣻǽڣҪʮϣ𵤺Ҫʮ֮ڣȻԪӤڵĻֻҪһʮھͿˡΧҲûмһʮͽ׵ԪӤڵʿɡǵԪӤڣΧ¶Щеĳһˣ붼꣬Ҳû˻ȥˡ붼ǻ̷㣬ԼеΪĵǰμӡ
·;֮־ںҶС˵ܷܷʶ˵ĴûᵹҲԣҶСʵȻǲСġٲȻҲʸ񣬵Ƕ붼ǹȥĳˡ
ҶСȴֻЦЦÿɷ񡣴ʱ˼ȥμʲô״ᣬοֻܷܷм֮ԵҲûйҪ˫ްµ˼

յķУҶСһڵҡҸӴʿҶС̷ǰҲδʣֱӽˣǰһǰμ״ʿȷ٣ҸΪ֮ˡһЩŷʿһͬǰЩΪͬͬӦĽӴ㼶Ҳ಻ͬĲ㼶Ȼɹģ󣬵ȴԪӤʿлһԪӤս׵ʿΪһˣ̷˴ҶС˾ܵ˱ȵĴϻҵȣ׵ȣصȺȣȻҲĲͬȽסϾûбûʵֵֻССɻɢҲǲ١ǶͬдҲû˾ġ
ҶСһβʶҵʵѹֵʱܷܷͿԽˡԼ˻δĴԼһǣмִɵƾԼĹ۲죬˵ֻһңʵӦѾԶˡٲǱȲϵģ


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Ϊҵ֮ߣĸ߽ʿҲǱȱȽǣԭҶС̷ָ˼һҵ֮ˣһǰҲˡϾȻŵǱȣ֮»кüҲĵЩе߽ʿдЩƸǿʿæʱȥкǡ
Դ̷ȴҲֻЦЦҲδ뵽ġɵļ߽ʿΪǲɷչ֮ˣȻҲû˵ôĦ˵ΪԵһֱҲΪǼǲֻеһأʹǾǿʢδܹƵõԼ׷ƺͬĲ̫ںЩǵܵ˳ϵ䣬ȴҲֻһЦ㲻ȥȻҲΪҶСɥʧһֱӼ߲ĻЩʧҲҪ̷˱ϾԪӤʿǵ״Ὺʼ֮գҵĸ߲˵Ļǻеġ
Ȼ֬䶼ûʲôµĽչǶ̶˵ĽӴҶСǸд˿µݵȻڵǷݺгҶСΪġǣǿʳ統Уһء

ҵĵգҶС˱ÿյһö״ճ̣ԼЩȵȡϾ˶һɣܲ˶жġҵı֮нһʿ죬ǲʿġˣһҲǼΪҲʵСƺǸΪעңΪһɽ֮޽ĽǵǴǾϸȵȷ죬ÿһÿһ̨ͤ¥鿣ÿһСţϪ̶ˮǾϸϸĥ޽ɡԴǾɫˣĿʿң״δʼ֮ʣԻһȺĸ۾ʱͬʱҲԶʶһЩʿȻҲвǴ鿴˵ʿʵε̬ġ
ҶСҲǲ⣬ҵĵռһ£־ЩԵʦһͬĴ۾ȥˡɵʿĿĿǹ۾ҶСȴ뿴Ƿлܹܷܷܹ˵Ĵʿе֪һЩ֬Ϣ
Ȼ˵˶࣬Щʿȴ඼Щۣ־ʦֵʱڨǶҶС־ֻòʵļʺһ㲻ȥˡһյʱ䣬ҶСҲδ̽ʲôõϢܷܷİԡϾʶǿȣֻҪһ̿ͬʱ˵Ľ̸ǵ̸⣬Ƕ״ǡܷܷ

ڶҶСδ뿪סٳȥʱͻȻáǣ˾ȻҵһŮޡһҶСŮҲδԣֻǿʵҶСѣ
ҶСɻʵ¡ѿʲôҪ£
Ůȴδֱӻش𣬶ȰһöݵҶСϣ˾䣺Ҷѿסתȥ
Ů޴ҴȥҶСдɻ㽫ʶ֮УһݣǴԾΪȻܷܷġҲ֪ԼǺʱֵģԼȻһ㲻֪ܷܷҶСĻΪ˾ȵģ𾪵֮еݡҶС벻ǣܷܷ֮оȻҪҶСȥμ״ᣬֻҪܹȡʤʲôҪֻҪܹʵֵģ߾ȫȥҶСɡܷܷ֮еĿƺ״ʮִֵһ㣬ϣҶСܹȥȡʤȻǲ޸ҶС񣬶ǻʵҶСԸΪر
ܷܷεȴһⷢڲй֮ԵҶСȻң֪ǧ˶ȻͼıԼȻ˼Ͷ·ĵز֮Ǳμ״֮вûҶС֣ҲͿȷҶС˲ΪҪμ״ᡣԣֻҶСܸһ˿ϣǱǲĸ֮˸ҶСȥǵ
ҶСܷܷʶ˵ûʲô֮࣬Ҫ˵ҶСҪۼ˴İΧ֮кܴһֵľӢ֮жȡʤҶСҲұ֤ܷɹǣǵ֮лظԼһϣܷܷ˵ԼΪҪҶСȥʤڶ˵ԼҪ󣬱ֻܷܷܹ֬õó֬ҸһʵɣҶСŻῼ¡ϾҶСɲ˲׵ľ峤ŮջǱǸ֬ࡣҶСӦ£ǵõ֬ʵĳ˵ǿ˵ǿ˱ġ
Щʱ̸ҶСŮޱٴҶСס֮ǰǵ֮Ȼ˵ŮԺԱڿҶС񵽵δ𸴣ҶСҲ׼Ů޹ȻԼʱǵҶС֮ŮȴǲδȥòЦЦ˫ĿֱҶС˫Ŀ˵֪ҶѴʱɷСŮӳȥһˣ
Ů飬ҶСҲ֪νĳȥһûô򵥡Ҳδȥػֱӵ˵ͷŮ޼ҲֱתȥҶС첽ȥ
һ˷ţǴҶСŮҲδݹ⣬ֻڵ漫ļߡΪ֮жݹ̫ԣȻΪβע⡣ҶСҲŮҹգһֱԼĪһʱһɽĺɽһһľľֱοսСǰ档
ŮӵСǰͣסΣСľݵķ˸롱ĶʾҶСԼ롣
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ǸҶС·Ů⣬ҶСƿСľݵķţֻһδЩľ֮ϴСľЩƾɸ࣬ҶСȴ֪䲻Ʊ򵥡Ϊոʶȥ֮̽ʱʶ֮СľݾƲһ㣬ֻܹһľľǰľǰ棬¾ҶСʶǿҲľľ֮зôһصСľݡ
űƿŷ֮б͸˻ƵĹߡľűһ򿪣һֻӳյСӳҶССľڲŷĿռ俴ȥԶȴҪϲ١ⲻ̫Сķ֮ڣڷ˸װΡЩװȴŮ˼֮װҲʮ־΢Ƕǽ֮ϵ̨ҲǾĵ峺ͨ͸ƷƳɡ벻濴ȥƾɵСľݣ澹Ȼһװεʮ־ϸŮҵĹ뷿
Сľһĵľĺ棬һˡǱˣһʢװܷܷ
֮ǰҶСܷܷ棬װӢˬһװʢװǵһμ˵ΣķҲóǾĴʱܷܷȻǱԭӢȴĻġҶСһ۾омֲ졣
ҶСܷܷʱվ·мּһ㣬Ҳѱ㿪żɽ˵Ҷˡ֪˵֮㿼ǵΣ


ڶһ 
ֹϷš
ҶС֪Ϊܷܷʮּһ㣬Ҳٺѣֱͬ׳ԼʵôҶĳҲֱ˵ˣΪֱַΪ֬¥ʯĲ϶֮ǰŻһ֬ڶûȤֻҪеһ±ԿǴӦҪ󡣡
֬ҶС񻰣ܷܷһ˲ֱӼᶨص֬ҵȷŹǷҾͲ֪ˡҪԺ֪ٽ֮ǰұ𸴡ҶѿɻҪ󣿡
Ҳ֪˵֮¶Ҳ׾֮£ϣܹʵ棬кοԻʲôԭĪ֮˱ȣ
ҶСʣһɫܷܷҲ¶һ˫Ŀ֮̾һ˵׵ģȴҲ֮١
˵ţܷܷ·˻䵱УҸڶ֮ǰһλ츳ѵ꣬㽫Сȷţ¾ѾŵСɣһھͽ׵ڣʮͻƵڡٶȣҵʷ֮ҲδйѾ׵˽𵤺ãȻͻֱԪӤڵļ󡣿ɾʱ˾ȻΪҸҪȢҵ뷨Ҹ˵츳ʶ֮ѡ֮ҲΪסˣһӦҸʱδѯҵƽʱ˹ϵҲΪҲᷴԡԣ֮󣬲Ÿô״ᡣ
ԭ״滹˶أܷܷ˵˺ľ˼Ҳ²ôԭ򡣲ܷܷҲǷǷǵҲĻ֮ơ
ܷܷո˵꣬мߵ֮һܷܷЩæʵԭѾȫҶѣ֪δ㣿
ǺãֻҪܹõóеһ±Ըƴȫȥ״ʤ˵꣬ҶСɫһڵֲϽޣ¾ֻܰĪˣ
ȻܷܷһģҶС治ȥлмֲ̡ʱûжۣҶСĿڷȴǲиܷܷò֬Ҳֻ˵ˡ
ţܷܷףǾлҶѣٽҶѴ𸴡Ҳ뿪̫ãڱȥˣ˵꣬תҪߣɾת֮ʣȻ˵ܽΣױɰҶѵּӵкˣ
˵ܷܷ꣬һʽĸҲδ£㿪ȥƬ֮ҶСҲͶȥ
ٶȻصסҶСûٳȥһֱڷУڷеȴܷܷϢɫ̫ոɽʱܷܷΪױɵŮٶҶСķǰҶСͽʶɢŮһѾ֪˻δſڣķȻд򿪡
ױһҶСķڣóһöһ˵СģȻҴδʶҶѵʵСϼ˴ϣ֮ˣһʵСԸ飬ױɾʹСٴΰҶˣ
˵꣬ױɾȻ˫ϥأؾصһִѰֻڼǰʦȵȼΪ¡صĳϲŻʹõڡ
ҶСոսӹУҪ򿪣ȴŮ޺ȻҲкζأױɵϥ֮γһᾢһ±㽫ױȻҲǽΪǸոһȴδܵΧһ˿˼һ£㿴ҶСĲٿξֶθɼһߡԭЩŰɵ̬ҲһĵסϾҶСôҲǽڵΪʵܹʵ𵤺ڵΪǱ׼Ϊ״֮лʲôơ
ױɸով֮ʱҶСҲС۵һŹɫƴһӨ׵Բεӡʶһ̽ҶСȷܷܷ֮֬ȻǼ֮ˣճ֬ҲӦȷҶСѾ״оԵʤ󣬲ŻҶСġȻҶСʱģ֬͵͵ȥܷܷҲǺް취
ȷ֬ͷױɵתС㣬ȻҶĳ֬״֮ϱЧȫȡͷ
ҶСǰһ̻֪䣬ȴѾ˵֬ᶨ˵ױôҲ¶һ˿ϲɫһæȥ

֬δ̫һЩȻ֮ǾôΪ⡣һμȻѾ˼ҵĶҶСҲҪȫԸǰЧȡˣ
ױɸ߲ã־ʦһͬԭ֮ʱѰҶС񣬷˲ڣԵϣ˴ҶСǷʲô顣Ȼ˵ҶСһͬˣȥӦû֪ͨһ²ŶԵġ
һҶСѾ־ŷ·һ㡣ѯҶСȥҲûнһ
ҶСȻ˵ȥܷܷ˸ڷ˹ȥǼһᣬ־ӽλڰΧСʿ֮ࡣʲôš
˵־ϲɫĸ֪ҶС˵ҶѣʦֻʶһλҵʿǡþǸ״ᱨ֮ˡʦֳ֮ʱѾվһ˵ұҲ̲סߺ棬Ҳּȥȫոˣٺ٣
ѹ־һžϲɫԭԼ͵͵̷˴ֻѣʲǫ̫̂ԶΪõĶֻã˵׼˼ΪԵͣ飬Ǽ׺֮ˣոս֮ʱˣ˵׼ʲô֢һʱԻָڣȻн𵤳Ϊδ־δᵽ̷˵ĵġ
ҶСҲЦЦ˵޵ѣҶĳҲǵǿ̨ͬˣ

ˣҡġ֬Ȼȫ֣һҪȥѰһϡ¥ʯֵ֬ٶȣҶСԶԶòʱԤʱɻطˡǰ֮£ҪӦڶյ״ᡣ֮ǰڵõ֮УҶСȻ˽ν״ᡣʵҲֻһ̨ȶˣлοϾ̨ȶֻԸ˵սΪһʿ磬仹Ӱսһε״ᣬοʿעһ಻ӰսҲһʿʵֵһε״֮м̨ȶ֮еĵڶȴ֮мߵ裬ҲпܻΪ״ھȻļӷֳɼ̨ȶĳɼκûԹġֻ֮˵̨ȶΪοŵĳɼǳɼξҪŵľˡ
ҶС޽ּֽ֮һ֮п֮ͽǻӰ쵽սģ֮Ϊ˼ӷս˵ҶСֻҪǽڵʿԼҪȡʤӦò⣬ֻǵĻԪӤʿǰܻģۼԼǸʦ֮ܺԼ㿪ʼŻڰ֮ھܽ׵ԪӤڵʿˣٺͼϣԣ˵츳ܹﵽĳ̶ȣͬϣﵽ硣


ڶһһ 츳
ֻҪûԪӤʿ֣ҶС̨֮ϻʤټ֮ƣȡʤӦò⡣ȻЩ΢ĵģ˽⵽鱨֮лû˵ڰ֮ھʹﵽԪӤڵʿμӴ˴ε״ᣡ
Ϊڶձ״ǿʼ֮ʱ־ҶСҲδ˵һԻط

ҶС֮ǰһʱ䶼йΪֽΪҲǼΪʵǰͨ־ֵõٶǿҲΪ磬Ҳָǿһš
ڶһ磬ҶС˱㶼״Ļ᳡֮ɵǾɴмƣ˿ҵƱȲɸ󣬶ɴһΣ״ȴǰ궼һεġƱǲ֮иΪʢ
ʢĳ棬Щ˼ҲҿɲֻΪ˸ŮףȻԶȸ鷳޷ԼʵһؾһΣ˶ҵʵ˸һʶ״Ტδɣֻ֮ҪҪҲǿԱμӵġȻ֮ϵĲ٣Ѫľֻôѣֻ֮Ҫֱϵ֮໥ġ
ȻһչʾʵһѾﵽĿġֻ״Ĺģ𺳵ˡƽٳɣɽٵٶ֪ҿɱԼԭǿ̫ࡣ֮ǰ̷˻رƵöҩЩ˼óˡ
ҶСȴǲģֻҪȡһε״ʤûʲôйˡΪҲһӺ־һͬǰȥͨǵһֲˡ
һֵĲԼΪ򵥣ֻƵķԸ˵츳ˡҶСĵҪ˳ͨȻûġܹѡ츳Ȼǲ׵ġ־Ȼոս׽𵤣ȴֻʮ꣬츳Ҳǲġ
ǲ츳ķǺһָΪݵһ̶ˮΧ̶ˮΧԽַеģ֮Ҳͬе̶ˮͬҺ塣ֻҪ˰ˮУǰһ鷶Χ֮ڵĳˮ᷺ӦӦɫͬʱˮҲΪĲͬǱԸǰĳˮɫͲж˵츳ˡ
ͬС׼ĸÿһͬʱʮһԡܹﵽˮԲı츳ﵽҪҪ
Ҳ֪һж˲˱ҶС֮־ҶСΪһղŰּϣŵζں棬ȵȻԹ˻δŵ
ȻʱЩԣڲԹ֮ȴΪЩ˷ܶ򵥼֮ҶС֪ԭΪ츳ʵҪҲǲͣڲ֮˵Уоųɵ˴ﲻҪǳˮʲô̶ȵ츳֮²Ż᷺ûֻ֪֪һβ֮ʮˣȴֻһܹǳˮ˱˶˼Ǵֵ⣬Ϊ֮ˡЩ֮һӾҪȥųɣʣһɵӱȻǶԼһõĿ϶ҲѹӻЩ˷ˡ
Ӱ츳˵˼ѣǰ־ŵЩˡü䲻͸һֵģϾڳ֮Ľ𵤳ΪʿһҲûмһЩ㷲

һֵ֮ҶС־ˡǶȻͬһβԣȴ˲ͬĳˮߡȻͬһУȴ벻Զվ˳رߣ־Եмֽš
Ƭ֮ЩԵʿѾ׼ʾԵʿ԰ַ뵽֮СҶСڣ˶ԽַС
ҶСҲ츳Ժõƾ߽׵ʿжͽ׵ʿ츳Ρ˾ȷĲԻδйԣ˴βԿܻûô򵥣ƺԶƽʱĲԾȷö࣬Ϊ˵Щмûе͹츳˻ܹ˵ųɵʿȷǲ׵顣
ҶСַ֮У뵽ǳˮУܵһֺճĸоǳˮָͨȴܶȼҺһ㣬һΪճָһ룬ǰĳˮȻó죬֤ǻҶСǣȻˮһᣬǰĳˮȻûκεı仯
ܿ죬ҶСһˮбһ˼˳ˮĲܵĶǽ𵤺ʿǽ𵤳ڣǽڵʿҲǺٵġҶСͬһ֮вԵ˱㶼ǽ𵤺ΪΨҶСһǽڡһ˳ɹ˳ˮ˵ȾԽ
ֻǼˮ֮˽ӹҵʿһܣΧ༸ˮ֮ҲδͨԣмԵģЩδˮ֮˲ô뿪֮ǰһƲ֮Ƽ鿴ˮҶС񣬼ֻнڣ䲻мһ֡
ʱƵģĸˮ֮жʿͨ˲ԡҶС˼֮ʣԶ־ҲѾɹˮõ֤ͨԵ־֮ǰһֱרǳˮУΧδעҶСȻ֮ʱвΪȡҶСӦǰٷ֮ٵİտͨԵģвôۿʱҪδͨԡҶСרģҲδȥ뿪˳ȥ˵ӡ
ʱţ޶ʱҪҶСһѾ߳ͨԵʿһѾһԶˡȻĸˮʮʿȫעڳˮУЩҸԵĹԱȴѾǱʲôϣˡ
ڵҶСҲǴΪġԼĵҪͨԱӦûģôڵȻ⡣ȫעڳеı仯ͬʱ֮䣬ʶɢˮ֮Уǳˮ֮ʱΪʲôԭ
ͨԵ־ڣһͨҶСڶˮ츳Ĳͬԭ˸ԭǳеܶȼճҺڸвһʿ츳֮ʱΪмϸ΢Һʿ֪֮뵽ʿƤ֮УƤ֮µļϸ΢ҺʿʿԵ츳Ӧ֮ˮʿδܴﵽ©֮壬ʿ֪֮뵽ʿҲǲ׵ġЩҺҲ֪ǺȻĹЧΪҺʿֱӲԣ侫ȲŻ׼ȷǶڱʿֲԷû⣬ǶҶСȴǲˡΪ֮ʹﵽ©֮ľ磬һ֪ʲôϵҺܹġΪҺ޷ҶСƤ֮£ܹԳ츳Ρ
ۿʱҪѾвٵʿ֪Уʼ½ķ뿪תۼ䣬֮оֻʣ˲ʮˡҶСڵһ֮УҲֻʣ°ڵ˻ڿŬ
ȻѾ֪ԭҶС˶ԲߡҺ޷ڣԼͿˡҲɣָ⴦ʹüë΢΢ţ˵һϸ΢СЩеҺһ˸ղȫ޷Ƥ֮гһСһ˿Һ˳СҶСָƤ֮¡Һһ룬ǳˮ뿪Щ΢ı仯
ͬʱʱҲѾޡЩԱѾ뵽˳У׼ȥνŬʿ֮ʱͻȻһΪԸߵʿҶСߵı仯ʱ̲ˮ仯֮ǰҲгֹҲδ̫⣬ֻ׼ԺͰͨԵǰǸոսڣȴǿﵽ˲Ҫʿ


ڶһ ը¯
ʱҶСǰĳˮȴķԽԽ󣬴΢΢һȦȦǿʼðССݣֱ˺ȻǷһ㣬ۡðˮݡ
ڴǰǵʿҲܹôӦĻǵһ֮ǰʿǵҲֻǻСһݶѡҶСķӦԽԽҲʼ˸ʿЩδʿҲ˱ȥͲŵɫҶС
ѵʿ
һЩʿвɵķֹ
óˮʱ˷Ӧ֮ǰССһµҶСҲ֮ǰЩԵʿµʶ֮Ѿǿ˫ۣתͷѾӦʿʵѣ¿ͨˣ
˾ҶСһУͻȻתѣԼով״һЦæͿĽһö͵ҶСϡ

־ҶСһֱʱѾʱ̲ųΪδͨԡѯʣһʲ֪ԭҶСʱҲͨ˲ԡ˲źһ·Ҳŵ˲Сһ㡣
ҶС΢΢п־Ȼǽ𵤳ΪѾʮ꣬ҶСԼ޼ȴһ㣬òκΡԣһǸ˵ıԣһҲɵΧвСĹϵ
˲֮󣬵ڶЩӷĲԡҶСҪһöҩ֮ϵ츳ҶСЩǣ־ӾȻҲǸ޵֮־ҶСҲǸ޵֮ͬΪȣ⡣
ҶСҲĪԵ֣ԼʲôԵ֣Żһɺϡ˱ٶͬʱĳءÿʿͬĲϺһŵΪ֮ŵҩƷ߶вСʧܼʣһζۣ֮ǿ䵤ҩҪɹΡȻʱҲһο˵ĵҩͬôȻĵʱԽٵ֮ϵһЩˡ
ҶСõ˵㷢һöƷҩ֮֮裬ȴһ۱㿴ƷҩĵѡĺȻڵѡ֮ǻ˲˼˸Ƶġ
ΪҶСϵһΪ׵֮ƪ֮ҶСһ˼Ҫ󡣱׵Ʒ֮г˱ȳҪһЩ֮⣬׵ڻҪ֮ڳʱҪܸߵĻƣƵʱ伫һ֮󣬲Ҫϸϸƾ辫Ŀ֮ȥƻһεҪʿԵôǿȵĻҪƣȻʿǷҪ󡣶ڴ֮󣬻Ҫȥ侫ϸȥٿϸ΢ĻƵҩȷʿһܴĿ顣һζ׵Ҫģʿ֮ҪһʿΪʵ
ⵤҶС֪׵ǵһöƳɹѰʿºݲҲûȥˡΪһöҩʿˡ˶̵ʱ֮ڣѼʱָǵһʧˣڶ˲ٵȥƣ͸ѳɹˡ
ҶСаͬʱʿҲ˷⡣еΪʵıüͷһЩıԳһԾԾԵģ
־ȻΪʵģ͵ģδȡʲôóɼһ뵹ҲǿõˡοǰǴûƷҩݲϣȨѵĲϸԼֺˡǸʦںߣ֮뿪ֳһšҲʱĴǺ顣
ʵͬʱ뵽Եʿ̫࣬һҲͲʮˣ۹һɨɽɫ۵ס
Ҫʼҵʿʼֳõ¯ںδƵ⡣һʣЩʿƽʱǶһڼ䰲֮УѵҪտĹ㳡֮ϣӵĻƣ
˵Ĳ²õʿ֤ȻĳӵĹ㳡֮ϣǶʮͬʱơһĻЩʿǱһСսУҶСҲδйĻ֮Ƶľ顣򵥵һţְѶˣ֮˶衢ΪʵĿ⣬һڸ˵ľ⡣
ȻѶһٱӴ󣬵ֻһӷ֮ǰ츳ǰﲻҪ㱻ȡʸ

׵֮ʱڱЩѣǶҶСȴûʲôӰ졣ԣĻҪٸҲʲô⣡
һʼ˱̽뵽ʶأԪһľ硣˵ӣڸ˵ľҪߡʱȫһƬžУõľֻǵȼյ
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ʱһһţ˻ƴԴ֮ʱҶСȻȹһ׶Ρһ£ɢȥ˾ųɵĻ򣬿ʼ˾ϸĲٿء
ڳʿУҪ־֮ϵһЩ֮ΪҲΪǳʱԳ˲ࡣȻߵĻҲвСѹ㻹ȶȴΪͲ񣬶ھĻҲҲã¯֮еĻСԵüȶˣ־ȴ̲סһֱʱĴű˵Ľȣ⻹ûʲôɫ֮ʱȻҶСѾֹͣԴգʼϸƣһ
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Ȼ˾֮⣬ڳʿľǷŭˣΪ־һ²Լ֮ǰŬǵ¯Ƭأʿòȥ͵ǴżǿȶȺȳԼ¯Ƭ
һĻҵʿҲʮҲû뵽ᷢһεʿǣΪը¯СӶɼд»ˡϾֹ֮֮ȵȸҲͬڽűȶǣʿȻ˲١
ھʿŷŭ˵¯ʱŭĿԼҲĿɿڴ־׼֮ʱҲôȻδӰ쵽ڼơ
δܵӰ˱ǡǡˣһҶСһ˾ǡǡ֮ǰҶСͬһˮ֮в츳ʿҶСΪԼʶǿ˼һһϢסǷĵ¯ƬȴδӰ쵽ԼһΪλüѣǡûе¯ƬȥǾˣҲóΪ㲻ȻƽըһĺҲӰ쵽ˣȴȫûܵӰһ㡣


ڶһ ͷ
ת֮䣬˱ֶ¿ʼը˵¯־һȴûٶˣΪЩҵʿٸһ¯ʿҲͬһˡȻٸôһΣ˵ɾͶ׷ˡ־Щ⣬Ҳû̫ʧɫϾԼмＸԼֻ֪ǶԼ˴ӰЩΰˡ
˸ոջָûãҶСѾβ׶Ρ˵ңңȣΧҵʿע⡣ΪһԪӤʿ֮ǰҶС츳֮оѾע⣬ڼҶСϵѾǴһʿңɼľ磬࿴֡ĵҲЩڴ˵ĵҩʲôƷʡ
ʱҶС㿪ʼȥԴĵ𡣼ҶС˶֪һȻһֱΪƽ˳ƳɹȻƬԺҶС˵Ĺעд˵¯˲䣬һ֮һһ˲¯˲ȫ֮˸ܵϢ֪˵ҩΪ֮ǰ飬ȴǶҷȥ˭ôѾơ
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Ȼⵤҩ¯зɳҶСȡһ˲֮£Դ˵˵ȴǻɫ׵֮ϳƬ״Ĳ֮⣬Ȼûһƣ˵Ļ֮УһɣƷ׻ƷϽף±˲²ҶС֮֮ߣĪ޵֮ճ˵Ҳֻܻܲʱ֮ھɣƷ׵ġ
Ҫ統治һ׵飬ÿһʿҪЩԱֶΡȻԺȥЩʲôҩɱ֮඼ûа취ġϾһԶ֮Уűʿһʼѡ޺͸޵ķ֮ʱ䶼ῼӵйԱķšޡ޻ǽһ࣬޵ѡȵЩȻЩģҲһЩȽƫŵšҶС޵֮ôʱ̨ȶȻҪϲСĿˡ
ոƺõĳ׵ƿ֮УҶСҲͣ㿪ʼһöҩѰʿǵ˽֮費ͣƷҩ֮ʱĳɹʲرߵġҶСΪ֮ʶǿ֮ʱɹԶѰ֮˸߳˲١뿪ǰƷҩ֮ʱųɹѾڰ˳ϡȻڱɹѾܸߣǱϾδﵽʮɵĳɹʣҲЩ΢ķģڲһöѣΪʤʸһ֣Ŀö׵ƳܳԽƷϽ׵ҩ
ҶСĳ׵¯֮ʣȻʿھԼܵҶСӰ졣ǱϾЩľᶨι֮ˣǱӰ졣ʱۡۡ۵м֮ʱ˷ϵ

ڣʱ޵вʱ֮ʱҶСĵöҩѾƳɹˡмҲʿѾƳɹ˶ڿʼ֮ʱΪ㣬Եһöʱ䲻࣬ǵ˵ڶöʱԵãȻѾйһξ飬ȴԼޣֻơҶСȴǲͬȻԶڳĽ𵤺ʿҪ񣬶ҵһö֮ʱΪ˼öδĶڵڶöö֮ʱһöһöԽ˳
ΪֻݣҶСȫɣʱ䣬Ҳ޷ˡֻǽöҩҸ˴ʿõ֤ɼֱȻ˳˶ʱ־
һ𣬵ĶԱȡһһʼը˵¯Լû취Ʋ˵˲ֳʿһȴɣ䵤ҩƷҲȫƷסҶС˸ߵ裬־һʼһ֮󣬱ֳ˿εľ֮顣֮ǰҶСѾɽ֮ʱ¶˲׵ʵչֵĹӦѾɵ̷ˡ
ҶС־ȻѾ˳ȴδȥڵȴӵơ֮ҲҶСĵڶö׵ո֮ʱĵһö׵Ҳ¯ˡڵһö֮ȴδֱӿʼƣȻָһ֮ٶȿʼơ

һյ֮󣬽ƵıڽĳɼȻҶСöƷϽףƷʾ޵ĳ׵ߵ÷֡ڵڶıһʼ츳Եоʾ׵ʿҲʼϸҺ޹˼ɵĴҶС񡣼öԷ޹˼ɵĿ⣬ҶСҲʾ˫΢΢ü΢壬֮˫֮һһɱϢ֮ɢļȻܵɾɱ¾۳ɱϢ˲һ㶣֪ԼΪѾǵöԷֲգգһ˫ۣͷȥٿҶСȻֱҶС񣬵ھȴӵҶС־֮ʱȴδεһ
ܿϧƳɹһö֮ǵöƵУۿҪβ֮ʱʱѵ㲻òֹͣơ볡֮ʱ̲סһԼѾ˴ĵҩ䲻ʲ¶ɡˣ־һھΣûһʼը¯ҲŻһ¯ҩʱѾöˡӳ־֮ȴû˿־֮⣬־ĪҪԽ֮ţȻպˡ
״ĵһձ㽫츳Ժ͸ŵĲԽϡڶգʽʼ״֮ÿ̨ȶ

Ȼֻ״ĵһգڶ뱨ʿȴѾ·ֳŵȡѾнӽųɵʿѾ츳Եбˢ֮ĸŲԵЩʿֵļΪɫҲѾ˵д˿ȥ
ҶС֮ϵıȻ˵ע⣬һֻнΪҲ˵ʱʿһĲ²⣬ҶСӦò츳ѣΪҪĻӦ޵֮ĳɼȻһԪӤڸ֮ʿҲδܹ֤ڲһյʱ֮оͽݲȫƳɹһƷ׵ģ
Щڵһֳɫʿڶ״ʿУڸɵҲ˸ԵӡĸڵʿĸɻңܿΪһɵĶòӣֻǸɢޣôһ£Ķ
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̷˵ݣڵǲˡҶС˽ӴԽ࣬ԽϲǴ򽻵ƺɴ£ԪӤڵţոս׽ڵеͽʿΪ˵ûʲôĻǱˣº̳һԼһ󾳽ʿ̰ɡ


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ҶСȴ֪ηΪû֪Լ顣ҺܷܷĽ׻֪ȻҪһ鷳

ǰһȻöƷҩҶСʶȴûж٣ҲرڶһȻǾȡ죬Ҫʼ̨ᡣ
Ϊ̷ΪһŻᱻڹλãȻҵʿнߡһ·ҶС־һ·ǰȶҶСһ˸ոߵȶ᳡֮⣬δ֮ʱҶСȻܵƺ͵͵ԼҲкζදֻ˼һ㽫ʶɢȥ˲һֹ֮Ȼ̽ͷ̽Եĳʶ֮п֮˾ܷܷĸױɡ
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һ᳡ҶСһ۱ǿ̨λãſڵļλʱλһòʮ꣬Ƿ¶˼ͼһɸλߵ̬أɢò£Ҳ֪λõɾҵ峤ˡԽһʢװܷܷ
ҶСܷܷͬʱܷܷҲͬʱ֮ͷҶС񡣲ʱ̫ԶȻҪҶС񣬿ǴʱȴҲ޷õˡֻҧҧ촽δҶСһ㡣
ȻԶҲСҲܷܷոҧҧ촽ֹɫĵһܷܷڶ˱֣ǷʲôС˴ķӦΪ֪ܷܷҪʲôϢҶСҲֻԼСĽ

һȻҪ֮˵һ֮ʣһЩʽȻʾҵĴɣԼĪСңʽ˱ȶʼΪ֮ǰ츳֮оѾˢ˾ųɵıʿԴʱʣµʿ̫ࡣ˱㰲žһֱ֮ӽʤΪֹˣעеʿһյĿսЩֵʿǡ
˱ȶֻǰһյʱ⣬һλһȽصĹ򣬾Ǳȶ֮лᰴոԵĲͬΪֱŶԴ𵤳ڵʿоҪȽǰʿֻǰʿʸ뵽ʿıȶʿ֮нʤ֮ȥ𵤺ڵʿһͬȶ


ڶһ ֽ
ԭΪԵЩʿսЩһƹƽʵǽһļΪһЩʿѹէһȥĹΪߵʿҲпԭѰ¾͵ʿӦûʲôԿЩ߽ʿġ
𵤳ڵʿûмˣ־һҲ˶ѣҲûбҪȥȶֱӱڵʮʿһͬ
ȻЩʵʵϰںͳʿһҲûжʿһرİδЩһٵζһЩ֮Ҳ²⵽ܿûô򵥡

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ҶСڽ𵤳֮ʱѾڽж֣һȻ׵˽ڣЩѾǾɸѡ֮ѡʿӵоԵơһȶֻƾһɽź޻ڵĹ潣ԾԵʵѹܶ֡
˺ҶСһͬ˴ֱȶĽʿѾ̭ҶСûκ谭ÿһֽ˳ء
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̨Ͽյһȶʼۼ֮ϵСޱͻȻԾ𣬶ڿһת㻯һϸɳһ㣬ֻһϸɳ֮һɫĺطɽһ۳ΡɽһͣЩϸɳȫ뵽ǷɽĽ֮С
ҶСһʼͿ˶Է׷ɽ֪ԼΪȶԷ񣬵ǷɽƷʵֻ̫֮࣬ǰǰ㵥ԷɽභȻռʲôˡһתӦ֮ߡ
ԷķɽȻŽ飬⿪ʼʱδⳤһ㣬ʿķɽո۳ͣδ֮ʣҶСķɽȻЮͺ嫵ֱԷնȥ
ʿҶСķɽˣȴûʲôرʾֻϷһǱɫĺطɽһҫ˲㽫ҫ۵̨һ±ڸҶСķɽƣҲһ֮Ĳࡣ
ԷˣҶСȴûʲô⡣ɽҲܣֱŶԷնȥ
أ
һ֮ɫطɽҫĿ֮УҶСķɽ˲ٵⱻնõɻҶСʱƣ²֪ҪɳԶ䵽ʲôط
ʿԼһ׼ʤ׷֮ʱȻԼһһ̣ͼķɽҲ֮󽵣ӵнķɽѾıɽϵΪܲһ֮󣬱㷢ԼķɽеĽڸոһ֮ƺܵشǣԼҲܵЩ΢Ӱ졣ôδ״֮ʱҶСոձ˵ɻȥķɽѾٶն
ҶСķɽոտƲСʵȴδ̫һʧٶȹҲԷķɽ֮ǿؼľ˽飬ʵʿδҶСǿ١ҶСղһ֮Уʵڷɽ֮ϻںʶ֮۳İӰɽǻ齣еʶһӦֻ֮ڱҶС䵥һɽϡ
˴ʹնЧãҶСȴĴ֮ͥ±¶ԼʶԲַȻЧԲһЩǸղһӦѾ˵Ƿɽ֮б̫ǿĽ顣Ȼķɽδں϶٣ʶȴǿնȥոֻǸ̽ڶҶСҪ˵Ľ飡
ȻղһΣһʿȻ׼ʱոտռϷķɽûиղһǿʢˡһεı֮⽣âĽ֮֯󣬿̨ϵĹĲҶСķɽɣ۵ʿȻͷУɢһЩ֮󣬾ͼǱں˽ķɽҶСֱնϸɳ̨ϲٸ߽ʿ۹⼫Ϊһ۱㿴佣
ڷɽ𣬽˸޸ɽֻҪӦĲϣҵһʦͿԽ޸һˣֻܿʱĶѻǽ޸ˡʱǿܻἫΪġҶСһֱӽǷɽն۽ͣ˲Сûи˵ķɽнˡ
һĻ˶᲻⡣ôһѰɽȻܽһӵнķɽơʵ־͹˵ķɽ֮н̫СǶǽڷɽ֮лʲôҶСӵǿʶʶֱȥǷɽ֮еĽ飬ǷɽƷɽ֮еĽδСһЩҶСһ̽Ѿˣ˵ڶε˴ʶȫһ̶ˣֱӱǽ齫ɽȥҶСĹ


ڶһ ˱
һ⽣ȻǶҶСļ˾鷳ˡΪҶСķɽڻɢ˶ֵķɽ֮δͣ£ȻٶȴǣֱԷնȥ
ʿɽնǿԼķɽ֮нһʱ֮䲻ܽٻطǣԼҲһͷǡֱҶСķɽǰǿָһЩ۳˻⡣룬ԼķɽȻΪһԷɽһЩĽڵڷɽ֮еĽ鶼ҪʮǿԪԪǰʮǿ󣬲ȻһʲôԪ𣬱ǣ÷ɽԼҲ֮ʧȥá˱Ϊ̫СʹԭƷʲķɽʱձ¾ɢ͡
һû˷ɽȻֻбķˡʿ۳ͬʱȻӦһʼǾ䡰䲻ˡֻϧſڸպһҡ֣ҶСķɽѾٶȽâһٶȶĽâ˲㽫ɣ

̨ȥΪɽϵ̫ʵȼ˿ĻϨ۵ʿ¶ʱڵأİסСҲ࣬£һŵĻɫⲻ˸֮лڲϵһ˿˿Ѫ
ԭҶСղһδֱӽ͸̴ǽ΢ŲҶСԷɽĽâȴ˵ʿֱС˺һĿӡ˿ھͺǱʲôһڽҧһ㡣
ʿ֮ʱãһķɽҲ֮һ䵽˵档Ƿɽ֮еĽȷǲ࣬Ѱӵнķɽû˵Ҳйǻġ
ʿѾû˼ս֮ҲʮӦʱҶСʤ
֮˽֮˵ʿȴûֻüͷ˫Ŀ֮г˺ֱҶСΪڵ˲Ǳ˿ǰ㣬ֻ˺һӶѡҶСһ֮еĽâڲ֮ʱȻǿͨ˿֮Сʱ˸ܵ˿ڴľʹ֮⣬ֻȫȼһ㡣ҪԴȥ޸˿ڣҪȥҶСɢڵĴȻԹʱˣֶ˲˵ԿûиҲ뽫䳹ˡȻҶСΪڻͬʱҪ֪ȻΪոԼͬ飬һᱨ
ʿǱȶҪУûһҵʿϵ̨ʿȥ
ҶСıȶ֮ûϢãļ̨Ҳ˱ȶˣ𵤺ڵǿҲȫߡ
ҶСһ·ֳûȫȫɻʤ̬ڻʿ֮ҶСȴָڿ̨λõܷܷȴûһϲɫˣҶСвһ˿õԤС
ʲôʲô˶Ļʤ߾Ҫ𵤺ڵǿ֮н֮ʱȻŵ֮˸𵤺ǿʿ˳ԪӤʿͬ˴ε״ʤߣ
һ⻰ȫһƬȻ𾪡֮˱㶼ֳͬĸֱ֮֡ǰ̭ʿȻһֻ飬ΪǶ֪ԼǿʿҲ׷һ󷬹ҲҪڴֹˡ
ǹڻǲȶʿηӦ֮˶ûܵκӰһһʿ˿ҲǼΪᣬƺҶС޼˵˫Ŀ֮ȴǳһѱɢҶԨмǱҶԨһְ
ҲǣȻһ¶һ۸ڶ˷еɫȴҲû˸˵ʲôΪ˰ӵи߰ʱܹԪӤڣѰ˸ģ
һ˱㶼ˣѹҪʲӸôԭΪԪӤʿȻһʼͳʲôñȵġ
ʶһ̽㷢˹ԪӤڲ١Ȼʵ䲻ȥǰ꣬ҶСȴóӦҲʮᣬǰ֮ڵꡣ
ȻһһѾǿĽ𵤺ʿ֪ȡʤ˳˵һ˴ͷǵڶʿ˳ǵʿҲδͣкҲδ֮˴ֱ̨Ⱥôֱ뿪ҡ
Ҵ˴εȻû״䳡ȷʵĳ̶ֳϴλ˱ȶʿġ³ֱȥ֮ˣ֮ҲжһʼԪӤʿһ¼Ϊʲô츳ʲôŵļӷ֣ľ֮Ĳ֮£Ե̫԰׶һĲֵˣ
ʱȻôҵȺ֮Ƶ߳һߡȻԪӤʿһͰģһ̨ɤӡ˻δ˵ֻɤӵȾֱѹȫ֮㹻󣬽ѹȥʵֻ̫ͺֱ˵˫һ㣬·˾ԼǰҶСȴǷ߲ΪʶҲ쳣ǿΪΪ߲ǾͿҪ׵ڣҲĹ
λĪҪżϷһԿɺãȫ߲֮ſ˵Ҳ֪СѾ׵ԪӤڡ˭뵽֮ʱͻȻΪȻڵһٽ׵ԪӤڡλԶһԪӤڵʿμӾʹظһδ̫ϧҵȲų²ߡλҲиչʾԼҲŻɵĻᡣ֮ǰϷȻ˵Ҳ²ߣΪ˲λв뵽״ʿĳɼӦĽҵʵ⽱ķ̶Ҳصģ˵õ֮ĻŭţȴҲұλء
˵ֲΡΡĻ̨̨֮ȡӦľ˵֮˵ͷƽϢһЩҵĲȴҲаʲôĽǲŸ˵Ĵ󻰡˶ʿŵģҵ˵Ĳƴ֣İѴѵıͳȥô
֮˵֮󣬱׼״ʤҪѾԪӤΪʿϡ֮󣬱иеĲ˱ȶʿݳɼĲͬ䷢ͬĽ
в˱ȶʿ֮мûһԸٿ̨һ⡢ҫģɾ˶ڴ֮˿ЩϿ̨Ȼʼ佱֮ʱ
Ȼ̨һǴһ֮˵ĽôԪӤڵʿ֣״ıȶͲٱȣҪֱʤô
ʱ̨֮ϳ֮ˡ֮⣬ڽ䴦и˺Թһ㾲վ˵֮ҶС
⡭֮ҲԼæԲŵҶС̽ʵѵ㻹Ҫȶ𣿡
ҶСɫȻǺһЦ˵û˵ȨȻҪȡ
Ƕ˵ĶԻҲ󣬵ǴʱȫҶСͻȻھһƬžԶ˶Իûκε⼼ڴ᳡һЩڵʿǲȵ˵кܴһĵڵʿδ̫ԴһЩΪʤһЩ𵤺ʿ˴ΪȻӻΪܹʤԪӤڵʿô


ڶһ 
Щ߽׵ԪӤڳļλʿȴǶЩζĿҶСΪǵΪĽʿ˲٣֮ǰıȶ֮Ѿ¿óҶСǰļȶǰ࣬ȷȻΪʾֻнڣʵѾԶ߳ѰĽ𵤺ʿһˡѵһڵʿʵٸߣܸߵأѵܿԽ磬ܹʵԪӤڵʿһսô
ܷܷһֱҪ֪ͨҶСģȶ֮󽫻ԪӤڵʿһʼȻҶСֵһ·˳ȴҲû¶һ˿˷ܣΪҪԽȥܸ߽׵ʿǲܵ顣Ȼ֮ʣȻҶС˵ļȻһЩϣҶСʵڲɾԣȻ׵˽ڡȻӭս˵׼ӵܹǸոս׵ԪӤʿһս
ҶСڳԡҲһǰֻнڵʿǵ걻´ǸţҲףҪȢܷܷ֮ˡ
벻һڰС츳֮⣬һҲѰеʵмΪԵǿ֮壡֮֮˸ߵۣΪӵ֮ûһǵµҾǲȥϰʲôɻеȥΪܹΪΪҪǶ˵ǵ컯ɣڱ˳ӦصԲŻڲȥ֮ʱܹеȥΪһʼˮ绢һ˳һ;ϲκεڽ֮Ҳ١һжǻȻһ㣡ǽ׺󲻻ܿע˳Ӧص֮
ҶС˵֮ȻЩţȻһֵĽɽڵҶСսԪӤڵ롣̨
룡ѵʵʮ
ֳһ˿ааЦݣ˵дΪ۹ҲܶٿҶСչֳΪӦֻǱɽһǡӭսȻ̡һʿдʵȷҲǼסҵ˶µӰ죬ϲýύѡ뵹ҲδΪҶСԼĶ֣ΪֱԼ˲ٶȥһ˿ĵ̬ȡ
ҶС񣬲һĴεɢޡѵ츳ʵҲʮ
ҶСҲЦЦȻƽ͵Ļص֮˿ûһ㽫Է߲ɼ֮˵˼ʵ֮ͬһ㡣
һЦмʾζ˵¸ոսףղ̫ףҶѾԼСˣ
Է˵ҶСҲʾҲǺǺһЦصѳףΪδ̣ĪҪԪӰԺΪã
ҶСĻ֮ʱ֮Ҳ˱ȶʼ˲ʱ䣬ȫ˲䰲һƬž֮УĿ֮ͬıȶܷ벻Ľ
ȶδʼ֪֮УܷܷѾ˺ˮ֮굱УΪţûһΡڣֻ̨֮ϼû˿õʿܹȡʤˡҶС񲻼ӭսܹߵܷܷҲǲȥֻ֬ġӭսҲ飬֪ԪӤڣ¾ͲȥǸ鷳ȥЩȫõĿˡ

ȶһʼԭԴ˲Ȼһһҫų֮ڷɳų֮΢΢һ˿òһöȼŻߴСӡ£ӡϿлıתӡ˵תӡÿһתܱ㶸࣬ʿľⷨҲ֮νһת̱գתԭתȼ졭ԪӤʿпҲеķǼΪ·ǧΪ֮ڽ֮ʱѾ˶תڽ֮ӦѾܹﵽתľ磬Ҳڿʼܹӳתӡܣ
һʼͽԼǿı˳Ǵսپˡˣ˶̲סҪΪҶСһѺˡ
ҶСȴᶨԼĲ²⣬ĺܿǸոսףΪδ̣׾ս
ԪӤʿһʼȫʩΪҶСȻҴ⡣֮ҫ˲Χ֮ڸȼ棬һ֣㿴зɳתķɽ
󣡡
ڲͬľУΧҶС񲻶תʵķɽڰ֮໥̨֯˲Сֻų֮̀ϣɽȻͬһ㣬ò𺳡
齣Ƹոѹµתӡ֮תӡ֮һѣתתӡ㡰ءһһɵƤ˲㽫ĴСʮתȻͬһСһ㣬ƮڰմźȻı֮һ±ֱҶС˹ȥ
ҶСȻֻнڣԶࡣǸոͷųһɿ֮ΪҶһѹͽҶСȥһͷѰʿѹܽɡҶСȴǿ󣬲ſɲӰ졣ȻΪͣҶСĻ齣ҲѰʿͼԦ˵ġתӡĵһתոձʩչҶСĻ齣еɽ֮һ»໥֯ĳɢȥɢȥȴڶתӡĹƣǺƻ齣һڴֻſ˴ڣתӡСϾʱ̨ȶ̨ķΧٴҲи߼ʣҶСʱռδС޵ơǻ齣֮еķɽûҫųͳҵĻ˲㸲̨ʹҲ޴ɶ㣬ֻӲͷƤҶС뽣֮У
ǣڿ̨ϵʿ㶼ѾԪӤڵһʼ¶˲׵ʵ֮⣬˲㱻ķɽɣתӡҲһ֯תĽڱΡΪʮɽûķɽǧȻʮǻûķɽЩɽȴҲֻǻӰô򵥣ͬϵӵвɽ϶ٵĹ
Ϊɽʵ̫࣬ڿ̨֮ΪԲʿѾǸ̨Ľ֮˵Ρֻһɽһһ𣬻һ׽ĹɣһֲĹڲϵɶȴóеķɽڲϵĳ̨֮еͬһڲϵĹһɹ֮󣬱һٶȹ
ļûм˼ƵĽ֮ˣ¾ԪӤڵĽҲûмƵĽ֮˰ѡ˶úϲ£֮ʱܷܷҲȼһ˿ϣһ˫ֽһ𣬲֪֮յԽԽڽԭĲһѩ˿ꡱһһСȻ֪ԵҲûΪʿƺƶʲô飬һ˫ֽһӵķ֣һ˫֮оҲֳһ˿ʲô־ڱصð顣
ҶСһʼͱֳһɢޣһɢȴӵΪиõþǻ˵ã°˽֪飬ҶСܲĶ


ڶһ תӡ
ҶСһʹû齣սʱ򣬲ŷƽ֮ʱķѵ㱶࣬ʱŨͻεĽһӿȥȫע뵽˽֮УĽâն롣ǰҶС˸߽ʿֻһ·ȴǵһ֮սĿĲӣҪȡʤҶСԼļ죬ȴҲ֪ҲܣѾԪӤڣϾոսףǲ˾ս̫ġ
תӡѾ˵ڶתȻ䲢ʩչǿ̶ȣѾԪӤڵʵʹõڶתʵҲѰʿܵ͵ġ֮ʱѾܹƾתӡܴͬʿȻ׵ԪӤڣʵȻ֮ʵķԾתӡܸʢԭһʼֱӼתӡҪսپԼԪӤڵΪϱתӡҶСķɽʵǿҲȻԼĶ֡Ǻܿ죬֪Լ͹ҶСû뵽Ȼܹʩչǿ˵Ľ󡣱ɵĽתӡĵڶתʩչ˳ΪһɽҶСĽѹơǽһᣬŷԼǵ͹ҶСΪǽķ񹥻֮УԼȻסˣĵͬʱԼԪҲܵһĳԼѾ׵ԪӤڣԪ֮ǰǿȻʱҶСʲôԼѾ콣֮صʶιȥ
ԽԽľδ뵽ȻܹһڵʿܹﵽҶСǿսȻ侳粻̫ߣӵеʵȷǱԼڽ֮ʱǿ̫ࡣԼǰһսףһԼΪһʧ״Ҫ֪ðҶСˡ
սĽ֣ʼһЩʼõҶСĸı̬ȣƺҶСпܴһ漣ܡ٣һֵĽһֱϷ硣
ķɽ֮£ҶС˫ڷɿ趯תһһĽʱ̨֮еľǼϸ΢һ˿仯Ҳʶƿ֮УѾûǧķɽͬԼֱһܹĸܵõǹ̨֮ϳ˺¡¡ķɽķ֮ǺĽХ֮ڵɵһ̣ҶС֪ӴԼӵԵԪӤʿʱҶСĶܹԪӤʿһʱҪƾһҪԽڵΪȥԪӤʿϼ֮¡ֻҪй߳ɵԵסҪƱ˵ķҪȱ˶ึɵĹڿҶСռʵֻڲ빥ĻᣬԹļŷ֮°ˡҪķȡʤҪһᡣ
ԪӤʿȻѾƷϱȽʿƾոһΣֻϧոսףڵǵԼǽ֮ʱĴתġĲʵȷΣۿѾãԼҲڷšԭΪƵĽֻҪһҶСԽΪȻãʱҲͲˡҶСȴһֱãǽδһȥƣԼȻס˽зɽֱӹʶȴÿһ¶ûԼԪÿһ֮󣬶ԪһٽһԼҪȲ֧ˡԭһԪӤʿڵʿ־սѾǲϳ֮£ڿ־սҲˡ
һڲһڵʿôʵһֲòȥʵԸȴǶԷԽǿԼԽ˷ܣȻҶСսȴԽԽ˷ܡԼ츳ȻҶСǰɴδʿȻΪ޵ܹ֮ﵽǿսȻҶСܹôԼպȻҲû⡣
ԸȦ֮Уʶõ֮УԶΪһһǿ˳֣ôڽʱһ취һͷֱԽ˵ľ硣ҶСȻ粻ҶСչֳսȴĳ̶ֳϿ˵Զģ˵ҲһܴսΣս󲻾ãȻһδ
˷ͬʱȴҲòıԣΪսپƺвͨתȡӵսǷֶԷȻͬҪӣҺܿԼĲԷǣڱ㲻ò֡ͻȻ֮俪ʼΪٶָ̫趯ôһӰһַһԶŵͳֺû˵һ㡣һ̣תӡںȻ֮䶸ȻٶʮΣʱոջڱתӡٶȳС
ʱڳΪԸһЩ֮ˣܹܵתӡ֮ɢĿֲϢϢڼǿķע˴֮ɢơתӡȻھѾʼ֮ƷȴǼߣϹ֮ʱഫʮǿһݴתӡһܹתһ鱦תӡĵλ֮ҲŵϺŵġ
תӡתһ̱㽫齣ƿһӡҶСֻȻ֮˲ԼҲһҺԼʵʵ˲㽫ƽ
תӡת֮Ю棬Ũ̹βĽ⣬¡¡ҶСѹ
һҶС׼ãֻʱٻαͼױ˲䱻ΪҶС񲢷ޣÿͷһĵ޶ϲ֪١ǿĵʱȵģ齣֮ʱαͼףαͼ׵ܣҶСڵ˲ֱͿһɣ
αͼһҶСǰ֮Ȼһ͵ĹӴţǡõתӡ·֮ϡ
䡪
ڳû֪αͼǺ·ǿһ֮ʱƣҲ֪ǷƷȻһ캳صĺ֮Уһһ㵲ҶСǰķȻľ͵סתӡǰѹȥ
תӡ˼򵥣Ȼסȥ·Ǵӡȴڰ֮кһת֮ĻðŹŨ̴Ӵӡɢһ˲͸סαͼסڻαͼ׵ͬʱиĻҪƹαͼףȥҶС
תӡǷƷαͼϹ֮Ϊ֮ʵǲȻαͼ׵ס˵һתӡ֮еĻŹŨ̳֮ʱαͼ֮Ҳγһ͸ķ㣬ЩǸαͼ׵Ļ֮ЩȻǰסαͼ׵棬ʵȴûһ˵αͼס
һ̣ЩҪƹαͼ׹ҶС֮ʱͻȻһͻȻʲôһ˿ɻ󣬶Ǽᶨ֮ͼҶСҲһδַ֮Ѿ˼ɵֱαͼ׳ɡĴǣЩ滹δɳԶ֮ʱá䡱䡱䡱һ콵һ֮ͼҶСΧΪƾʮαͼһ޶ĴšʮһγɣҶСͷ֮Ҳ֮γһ񷶥һ͸磬ҶСС


ڶһ ͼ
αͼ׵ʹҶСһֱҲûȫ͸ոԼһǸܵ˴αͼ֮дһʹͻȻһͷǸͷαͼ׵÷αͼ׾ȻҲᴫǺӵһ㣬ҶС֮ǰδҶСаĪαͼܵ˶ԷǿķӰ죬ʾŻʹ֪֮Լαͼ׵ƷףȷѾ㹻ø߽ʿΪȴҶСһûϰ޷ŵĽżóһΣȷЩɡ֮ǰδӳ
ȻαͼٶȱҶСûʮţҶС֮ȻĵסתӡеҶСȴҲпЦΪαͼ׵ĿɲǿЦģոһ¾ɵαͼĵѾҶСɣαͼ׶ĵ׶ҪҶСջغ֪һλûд˴õܣѾҶСЩ֧Ų˵һοҪˡ
ͬʱ֮䣬齣ڽϵĿ룬ΧһֱһĻϻƣתӡɢĻػ롣תӡתҶС֮ʱҲǴΪġ֮ǰȻѾתӡת֮ȴһֱΪԼΪδʩչһεʩչҲһʹáתһ㷢ԼѾͬˮһ㳯ӿڵתתӡһʼƿ˻齣ĹƣĵֻҪһ˲֮䣬תӡɽҶСܣȴʱֱֳ仯ҶСһ޾ȻҲһǿķۼЧԼǲСǻ齣ȴͻһ㣬Ʋδһ֣ǿۿתӡмĻҪķɽʴɢһᣬ˼ΪոһʵڲСǼȥӰԪӤڵĸһĹ࣬պΪкܴӰ졣˹תӡ˻ɢתָڶתʹ֮ƯԼϿգϵͷųĻػԼѾȫ˹ȻὫò׼תӡתƾɢġȶպΪأȻ˵ġ
ʵȶĲرأǸܷܷҲ˼ĺ֮ˡֻһ֮߰ͬû˲࿴ΨǸܷܷ϶ͺȴ֪Ǹͬĸܷܷڱûһʿ˵˫ް£檣¯ȵһŮжԾӭȢܷܷҲûκκ֮£Բ˸ᣬӭȢܷܷ֮⣬ȴ붼ֱӴӦ
ʱȻ˹ֻǷĻҪȡʤûôˡҲڵҶС֧޷֮ʱˡʱû˽ҪԸҶС׶ˡȻ֮ǰҲҪֵܹǸʱС
öԷȥҶСһʱ㽫ķȻ齣޼αͼ˻ԷʲôΪ֮᲻Ĳ²ҲûҶС齣ȻѾ޷̫ˡ
̨֮ϵһԪӤʿһʿ֮սȻܹγǰľ棬˶û뵽ѾԪӤڣתӡǿķ׳Ҳ˵ǽڵҶСȻҲǿĽȻ˾ǲ˵˭ܿһս׵ԪӤʿһʿǴʱ̨޵Ŀռ֮չֳѾڳԪӤڸֶˡ
˶ף֮·˴ʱۣٹ꣬Ȼһ֮кպ˲֮ܺˣȶѾһ󣬴ʱڳѾ̨˵Ϊ࣬ȫΪ൱֮ıȶ

תӡɹأƷ׼ߵķ֮ʱҪɣ޴ɶ㣬͵֮ʱȴҲѹơȻתӡѾָ˵ڶתǴͷųĻȴ˿δ٣齣ֻܹǿ佩ֶѡҪı佩֣Ψһ˲ȡƱ֮١ѾֻȫҪĵ׵˼һֱֻǴƾͿҶСѡˡ
˶ڿҶСһδ֮ʱȻһʼվԭδƶҶС֮أӿһ͸֮γһξ˲ɢΪ⾢ĳҶСϵҲ֮һ⾢ҶСʩ֮ڽ֮ʱ΢΢һдǴʱָᵯҲγһǿС硣ξɢ֮ʱҶСһֱҲʢһ֣óѾе˳
ˣ˶ףҶСҪĹˡʤƬ֮ˡ
һսԳΪ֮ǧΪһսΪǵһ̨֮ϣһʿ֮սǵͽ׵Ľʿ߾ԪӤʿƵòòشսڵʿȴҪȥһսӵΪԽսûйɹģʷ֮ȴǼΪСдҲ֪ǶǰĴ˵ˡʵԿ֤еڳ֮ȴۼ֤һˣ
ʤ̶ܹȡһսѾעҶСĳ֮ս
ҶСϵԽԽǿ˶̨֮ܵϵֻнڵʿƺһֲһĸоƺչֳĻ˲ֻнڵʵ֮ƺһͬǿûЩʶҶСΪҶСȫ֮ɢĿơһǿһ̶֮һĪѹȸУܴﵽһľҲһЧֻڳ֮˲ûм˿ΪҶС֮ԭ
䣡
ҶСһεٶȲ֮ͻȻĽ±һſ񱩵ľһ±㽫ҶСͳȥ±۳һ⣬ʹҶСٶԽķɿ˸˵ĸоǷâ¶ʹ˶һɽһֱǰնȥ
ŵ棬һٶȷ֮УҶСұһУĽ֮ǡסһɽĽһǷɽ˲û֮ҳҵĽâͺһǵĳβһҶСҶСٶ̫죬Բ֮Ȼкζֻһʧԭأոյ֮ļȻرѳһӡ̨ĵ涼ر֮֮ǰȶûʲôˣȴڸոҶСɳ֮ʱըһӡҲ۵ľмΡ
ҶСļ֮ʱһΣ֮ٶ𾪵˵֮¡ʱͼֻһ֮ҶСԾȻĪֶˡȻˡȻʯ˿߿ˡҶСΪףΪĿ֮Ҳ֮һסܵܵҲҶСʵ˲ٵܡҶСڴǰһֱΪʹãһЩ˻Ҫ÷ɽΪҲҪ֮ΪԼһƺ֡


ڶ һս
ת˲֮䣬ֻҶСһ̨룬һֻûһһŮΡҴʱҶСһֱĽ֮дУԼʱȴͺǽһһ㣬ԼоȻ˿ܵӰ죬ҲδӰ쵽תҶóԽյѾ˻Ȼһ㡣Ƥδüգµһ˲֮УҶСѾǰ
Ҳδ뵽ҶСӵп֮вĪǵԼҪ찮ɣ֮ƵĵҩѾӽԪӤʦƷǵҩо֣֮ҶСƵǼöҩȻЧû̫ȴڷúĺһҶСԼҲ֪ʵǡǡҲõҩûκ״һԭܹﵽר޵ʦҪǿȴרޣ佣ǾҰԵǿƵĽѾԪӤʿҲԴﵽľ磬ɽڹ֮ʱֱ˵ѾǽӦþеڣּܣոαͼҶСȻַ裬óܲȫӵóһ־Ϳóͬ߿ܾԲǼ򵥵Ƿһϰ˿ܹ֮ʹǿӵ˼ѹѹҶС񶼲еѹ
ҶСкζֻļȻǰļȻһɫԲͽ⣬Ľںһֱõˮ©ĳһնȥǵδ䣬ͼûһ˿ҫȴ˸ܵõֲʯ˿Ҳ׷ԳìͰ类˪й⳯ͬһλնȥ
һ̣еĹǳͬһλùֻһͽǻķ˲һ㡣æתӡͷųĻ油䵽ǻ֮УҶСй֮
תӡǻܹͷųĻ油䣬ȴϵҶСķɽն죬ڸոʹûһ֮ʯ˿߿ܱڹӰһ֮º϶Ϊһ˶֪ô֮ʱͼʩչ˺֮ʯ˿ںΪһ֮ľ˻ųһ±ϵĳŻնȥһмû֪˶õǻһ֮һ˿ѣһҫâ˻֮ϡ⣬Ѿƿתӡļ
ľҶСķɽٶȻһԲ£Ҳһȥ˲㽫ѷնѷֵһ˲üһ壬˲תӡͷųĻ棬һѾڵĲǻֱִתӡзɳת˲֮䣬һѷۿҪպϡ
Ƿ϶պϵһ˲ҶСͻȻٶһȻһǷ϶֮СϧҶСٶǲ죬Ϊȫͨǻͱոע˴ٶȷµɣ
ոջķ֮ʱԼҲΪȡһ̧ۣǡǡǷ϶֮мҶСһ˫貽ԼӰһһ̣ҶС㱻ĻΧһ̣û֪ҶСǽ˻ķ֮ڣѾɡոҲΪ˷ȲѣȴҶСȻתӡɢĻӲҪͨѷ죬ȴ뱻ɣתӡ֮еĻǾĻ棬ƷײѰ棬ҶСֻڣ׶༪١һĻоȻΪڣȻҶСչֳʵѾԪӤڵʿ滢൱ȴֻо֮顣Ȼ߰ȴҲͬЩǿ֮ˣȻҶСΪܹõ֮ˣôȶ֮о
оȣҪջתӡɢȥҶС֮ʱȻԼʶҶСϢƺûʲô
Ȼһ̾ͼҶСһϮ֮£ǻ֮Ρڣ뵽ҶСһϮѰûʲôر羹ȻҲǿķãֻҶСδ˻羹һٶȲɢ˲䣬Ʊһ㣬ʧˡ
һ̣˫֮оͼҶСֻצֱԼָ̽⻷ɫĻ棬Сһ㲻ϵŻ档ǱϾѾԪӤڣûתӡķǻҲҶСһһƿġֻҪҶСӳһ֣˽ľ֮£ȫʹתӡ֮ɢĻٶȽҶСɵ
ҶСȴƺûԷɽն˼ֻԲɫƳ̽ȥ֮ʣҶСƾȻĻһ㣬ô׵Ĵ˻⣬ֱץȥ
˵ʱʱ졣ҶСӵ֮ǿȴûһ֮ĻȻΪѾԪӤʿҲѰǿǱϾҲҶСࡣ˾֮Ҫ㿪ҲѾֻҶСһ±ץһֻ֮һʢ㽫˫ɡ
ϾʱֻǱȶҶСδҪ˼ֻ𸲸˫֣ͬʱһʩѹܵļܡ˾٣вҪ˼롣
ֱʮһϻȻԼĻⶼͻƣ֪䲻򵥣ʱԼ˫֮ϣֲܵܡ֪֮ҶСֻҪһɽԼ˫ַɡ
Ȼʣʵȴˡ˫ֱ𸲸ס֮ʱһתӡҲ֮ûΪ״֮һɻڡ
ΪȻ˵䣬ҶСҲһУ㽫αͼջأĽҲɲ֮ȫҶСȥ
ҶСոմתӡͷŵĻ֮ľڶδüڻ֮зЩʲôֻǷɲ֮󣬾ͼתӡȱ˻ȥͼҶСķɽҲ֮١һ̣ķɽҫΧΧĻɢ֮ڿ˴ʱҶС۵ɫûһֻ֣ס˫һ㡣
Ϊͼ׺ͻ齣ķʵڲ٣һȷʤܣҶСڵһʱʱҶС󣬽⿪˺֮ʯ˿ɱŽ䱸ʯĳì˿İʱ˼׼
ĶǵһȶڽȫȴһƬšΪ˶֮ǰһʤһıȶ֮Сͬʱ֮䣬ųеΣҲŴʱֻнڵҶСȡεʤ˵ˣʱ̷ˡ־ҲͬҶСʵȻܹﵽ̶ȡ⻹ֻǽڣ˽𵤺ڣԪӤڣǻ˵ã˵˵˵ֻǸɢޣ
̷˵ͬ˼˲٣ЩҲʼҶСݲ²ΪΪչֵĽ󡢷ﶼҵƥ֮ġܹӵĹӵķôһͨɢޣǸɢޣǸ̵ʦ𵽵ʲôܹ̳ӵΪͽܣϻһ쳣ǿ֮˵ɽǷҶСֻһɲ֮һеܣЩ֮Ҳó䲢Ѱ֪ƾɢƣ¾ǿ𵤺ڵʿ˰ɡ


ڶһ Ӣ
ܷܷɽһ˿ǰһĻȻôֵĲʵСԭѾȴּĵõתЩǰʵ
ˣ
ƺ˼ǰǲȷŵ˭ʤǲлδ֮ʱͻȻԼ˵Ȼ˵Լܣǲ黹֮оȻûһ˿ı˻ٻΪԼԪӤΪһʿ߷ߣǳһЩ˷ܶЩȲСڳ֮УҲֻмʮϤ֮˲Ϊλ˵ı֡
˵ֱ꣬ҶС񿪿˵һö֣´μ֮ʱϣѾԪӤڣս֮裬ͽʱֻأ
ģ߰ˣܣΪѾ׼ˣǴ˴ԼˣԼڲ֮󣬱ȻϳԷһ·֮ϱһǿǰϳԽ˽ĳɾ͡һ䣬кҲδ򣬱Ŷݹֱֳҵȥ
Լ¹ȻܣȴҲûʲôɫһ޵Ц⡣Ϊ֪һټ֮ʱȻһʵķԾ
ȻӢ۳ֻ꣡»˾ţһͬʱҲվһһµƣһһ޵ããã
µĴͷ֮£ȫʿǲڷӦ׷컶ʱΪߵͣѾոһսȾ֮ǰҶС֮ˣҲ޺⣬һܹԪӤʿսʤ֮ˣԼʲô˵ȥġ

ת֮䣬ڰΧĺܴһ֮һ궯ҵ״Ļʱպе˴ʿѾ½뿪ҡǵĸȥһλʿҲʼڸǸֲǱˣ״ıȶ̨֮ϣģ˵ǰԪӤʿҶСȻʱҶСֻܵһǰһϸս׵ԪӤʿڱ˴еĻ֮ȴҶСԽڵΪһ츳׿ӵ֮ԪӤʿò˶ãҶС֮УٶȳΪһ±ͼӴ׵ɢȥ
νз磬ҶСδжȴ˵òСˣںΪûκʵҶСҲ˲ٵ鷳٣ǳ֮׷ɱҶС֮ҶСʱı֣ҲѾȫҲҪҶСδ֮ʱɱ
Ȼ˶ȥˡҶСΪ״ʤȴҪһġ
ոձϵδµټҶСֱӱδܷܷ͵͵ĹС
ңܷܷ̲סһεĺҶСȷϵҶСʲôʱ뿪ң
һܷܷ˻æˣҶС֪ΪΡܷܷΪһŴңɾЩЦԻʵ˭˵Ҫ뿪
㡭
ܷܷ˼ҶС뿪ûԭԭΪҶСȡ״Ĺھ֮ҶСһ֮ȥԼò֮¡״ѾǸƺҶС뻹Ҫġ˵˵ʱܷܷҶС֮»һֱڿܷܷ۹⣡һĻʱҶСȥ̸ȻҶСм֤˼ΣԼֻҪ˻ȥµŮǵѾչȥҶСȴһ̩ȻİðȻңɵܷܷеģĪҶСǸıע⡭Ҵദ᲻٣Ҳ˷ԭЩף˵Ҳֱ
ǺǣҶСܷܷˣЦЦתɫ˵ƺһֱڰмң㸸İɡڣû취뿪ġȻǴݾߣ鷳
ҶСһ˵ܷܷЩǰµˮ©ķҶС֪׵ϸʲô˾ҡڵסҵġҪЩ֮ȥҪȵǰҶСеϸȫſˡ
ҶСʵҲûʲôǲģǵȵ岻֪Ҫʲôʱ򡣹ǵǵ˶ٷҪ겻ֹοҲҪҵŮμ״᲻Ϊ֬ˡȻ󼸺þȫȴҲΪһŵòΪ֮һҶСνǰ塢ûһ㱣ȫʹ˳ʵȴǻкֵģǿԽĻδ󷨡û֣ҶС᲻ỹƴǺ˵ġҶСܷܷһģ˵׼ʲôʱͻȻ˵Ҫǳɻ飬ʱ鷳
ô죿ٲߣǲƻ飬Ҳᷢ֬ʧˡʱȥ˵׼鷳ġܷܷü֬ðŲСķմӼ͵ģ˹֮ǷֱȻưոݵġ¶ĳ磬ִҪԣ͵ǾԲģҲⲻ˱طġҶ벻ưոݣȻ˳ϲȥϾܷܷһֱڼУҪ֬ʲô
а취ˣԼԼźͿˣ˶ڿ˼֮ʣȻܷܷĿһת˵ڼи̫࣬Ҫ͵͵ȥȻסΪʲôһҪ͵͵뿪أĺҸ˵ҪȥͿô㲻Ҫȥʵ˵˰
ܷܷ˵ҶСҲȻԼ˿£йŻԼǶ״ĹھΪܷܷδ˫ް£ȴġҵƣӦòỳû»Ѿ˼˸ھ֮ҪġȻԼֻҪ뿪ˣһŻٻǾͲ˵ˡ
˾ڶҶСܷܷһͬ£ԼҪȥһȻδ˵Ϊ¥ʯֻ˵ԼһɢĴεˣȥʶ˵׼ʲôԵôһΪС֮ʱٻصҡ
Ȼ˵²δҶСһΪԵ֮ʱϴĴʶͬ顣ֻϧΪԸ֮󣬱㿪ʼ񣬱²û˵ʱǷ顣
֮˲ſӵ֤֮ˡ㵽˰˵׼ôҶС׼͸֮ʱȻóһöɫĽװεݸҶС˵ڵΪɽֻҪþͺãұ㲻˵ƷҲмɣ֮·мǲҪ̫Ȼܴ
ʵ֮ǰѾѯʹҶС޷֮£ʱȷ޽֮Ϳ֮ȻܽЩ˾شΪ̾ȴҲպרҪ㡣Ͼʿǵ˷ҲԪƵģΪڻãǵԪӤڣǶһţҲ˷ʱ侫ġһ;һͨͨ˵˵ΪԽߣͬһ֮ʱķѵʱ;Խ٣ڽһŵĳһҪʱ⣬ԪӤȥͷͬȾ磬ֻܾҪʮʱ⡣ԲŻ߽ʿȻδ˵رȥרŸʲôţǶںܶ෨ҲԣΪΪ㹻ʱһ˽⣬вС衣


ڶ ƮĹ
ҶСܷܷոȥ֮ǰһֱԵͶе̫ϱ㿪˵峤㲻ǺܿҶСô׷ȥ
νǿŤùϲҪȫȫͶңӲҲõġڵͺһС֮Ͻһ쳣˶ĹӡΣĽҲδʲôôû˰ֻǹӻδ죬׸СҲһͬ۶ϡӲҵȺúôպԻرҳ֮̽ҲЩ΢ҶСȻᣬȴҲǸ֪ͼ֮ˡġ
ʱȴϺͰһЦ˵Ǻǣ峤ҲǲȥܷܷС˰ɣ
֪ߣҲֻͬЦһ䡣ת̾һԳ˼ģ˵һƽ׵ֳô״ᣬȻĺãȴǺķҵûҶС֣ܷܷɺһɣ

ȻԲδҶСʲôɽ֮ȴǸʯոһصס±˸öнʯ˶ʯɽҲһƷײķɽˡҶС֮ǰԼʯܶǳҲδƴǣֱЩʯԼʱãʱûɣҲ𵽲Сõġ
ҶС֮ǰ¼򵥴У·ȻδУȴǲͶǰСȻҶСҪߣܷܷȻҲǰͱġȻᣬҶС˴æҲĻмġ
Ͳˣλذɣ
һתҶСѾҵɽŴͣ˽⣬ǰͱ˵
ţүүȻذɣһЩҪ˵
ܷܷҶСЩ˵
һ˼죬ôϧˣǺǺǣͷ˼ҶҲûͰ
ͷ֪Ϊϲ𡣡ȡЦŽӹ˻ͷһں˵ɻʲôʱܷܷҶ֪
ϸҪ⣬ܷܷæֹСŮһٺٵ˸ЦҲǶ˶˵ҶСз˳ȥתۼ䣬ɳԶ
Ȼǰܷܷȴܷܷĳ˿ŵġܷܷǸصشֽ֮ġܣҲмٵļ֪ˡ

ۼԶͶ϶ݹѾֻʣһС㣬ܷܷͣ˶ݹ⣬죬Щ˼һ˵ллˡ
ûʲôлģȡˡҶСȻ˵Ц֬⣬Ƥ㸸׵İöнʯ鷳ȥллǰˡ
ʮöнʯŮݵļֵǲ֪ҪڱܷܷʱЩⲻȥǾԼռҶССıˡ״֮϶ֻнʿҶСɻʤҲûʲôˣ뾹ȻԪӤڵΪ˵ľ࣬ҶСȡʤֻһ֬Ϊرȷ̫ˡ
ҶСƺδһ㣬Ҳ֮Ͼתʵ֮ɻصأ
Ӧò˰ɡҶСҲδ룬ֱӻص¶һ˿Цݣ˵汻֮׽סƻ鲻˵Ҳٱ㻳Ů˼
ܷܷ֮ǰҶСһնδ뿪йҶСǲȥˣҶСһ˵ʱЩⲻȥɵ΢졣ȻҶС˵ҲԷģǸ̬ȺҵŮܷܷ˫ްʮʹ֮£ЩˬЩûĻصǾãұҲˡף˳ҲԶˡǾʹ˱ɣ
ܷܷǸɴ࣬һ˵֮󣬱ֱתȥδٶ࿴ҶСһܷܷۡȻļƲ٣½õˮ©ȻΪŮ֮˼µķ緶ֻǿϧǾ̫٣δĴˣһβŻᱻ״֮һֶŴҵġ˵һɻûԶԼոǰ嶯СŮ̬ҶСﲻ˵ȷȡЦԼ˰ɡʱȷҲûа취ȥȣֻӲͷƤǰɲٻͷˡ
һսȻʤõĲףǱϾûʲô֮ǣҶСҲδȫĵõֻǾһ״ᣬȡ֬ѾҶСԭʡȥ鷳һΣҲǳʦ쿪ʤˡܷܷһߣҶСҲٶ룬ȫٳŰȥ棬Ҫҵľȱ֮еһ¥ʯ

ҶСҪȥǰߴ֮һƮڡҶСȻѾڰ򣬿ҪΧ뵽·Ҫߣƾ֮ǰҵĵͼҲҪСʱܹϾռ˲ණʤһķΧ
һ뵽УҶС㿪ʼȫ֮ǰǳȶ֮һֱѰ뿪֮ȶһȥչأҶС֮ǰĵȴһֱûõָ˵齣󣬾αͼһҶСɵαͼ׻иص㣬ڽջ֮Żĵڲ䵽֮СȶһҶСڵѾѷôﵽ͵㡣ǿ󣬿̲סֱȥչˡ
һıȶҶСʵôҲ٣ϾһԪӤʿս֮ǰ۶ٴεսͬ׵ĽʿЩҶСǰûʲôֿģһԪӤڵʿҶСܵѹΪԾϵĲ࣬ԼЩҲ𲻵ʲôϵˡҶСһγ˽֮⣬ϵܼûжʩչնûʩչΪƾ轣֮еʶ˵õԷնҲǰ׷ѹһ룬һӡ֤֮ԡ֮УѹƵȷǲɿ֮¡ոսףȣҶСҪȡʤ˼򵥡Ѱֻ޵ţҶСѾţټ塢ҪȱҪķһϵľպ֮ϵļãԼҲҪסȲʱȥ̫ķţҪΪ
⣬ڰΧӵ֮ţҶСҲڰǿֵ׼
¥ʯҶСҪѰ֮һҶСڵ¥ʯƮڵĹ֮СڰΧ֮ʱҶСҲ˽һЩڰһЩ飬ϾѾΧ鱨ϢȻҲͶΪƮΪߴ֮һƮĹͷҲʵڲСҶСҪõһЩϢ̫ѡ˵ǹĹ̽ǰ漸׵֮ѾѹεĲ࣬ƮҲͽǹĹ׿ţֻҪҪȥ̽ѰֻҪһԽˡֻǣҪʯǸ侪˵ˡʯǷֳȡһǽ֮ʱĴʯһǰڹĹ֮дʱն֮ʱȡ֮ǹĹͺһ޴ĵصһ֮Ӵ󣬽ҪҵʲôҲʮѣǸ·Ҫʱ䣬οвٿܻشأټҪҪȡʯȻѾţȴ˻ġҶСһ㣬ȱĳһֻǹĹ֮в֮ʱŻ᲻ϧ۽ġ





ڶ ϸ״
һҶСڼٷɳ۵ԭϸ֮ĽʿȻ䣬ϸ֮ϵƶϾ˿ҶСȥգҲ޷ϸ֮еһ㡣֮ҶСͷһ֪ϸ֮зʲô䡣һתֱϸ֮С
һ룬ŷַΧѾﵽԭҲɽˮϸʱȻͬһ㣬صĶһƬĳ죬ͺռ䶼ȼһ㡣ҶСܿ㷢֣ЩĻ棬ֻǻԵ̫Ũ۳ʵĻһһƬ֮⣬ǵԭ̵ҲһشصСһ㲻֮ǰҶСµʶƺҲܵ˾ţ׷첻Ϸ裬ǰѾǺƻһϸӳĵͬڤһˡ
ҶС֮ʱǡÿ³շסЩĴҷɵʶΪ˴ҶСϸĳ̶ֳ˵˵ǾԼһС磬һУҶС֪Ϊλᷢѹ֮ǰͻȻ֮޷ԭЩѾĻԭһŵ֮ʱﻹһʼٸߣǱˣ
Щ͸״̬ʱƯڰ֮УֻкĬʲôֻܿĿڲתҶСȴʲôΧΧͺǳɫҺһļŨΧϻơϸ֮еҲԴԴϵע뵽Χ֮У⵽ǼɫҺ֮СڣܹõƺһɫСؿڳһȼֻһʵ̫΢СһҡһεĲҡҷ֮УʱϨĿһ㡣ģƺȫػһػ粻
֮⣬ҶС𾪵ľ·һոһƬҶӵС磬ֻСƻ棬ɫѪһĳ죬ʸȴʯһ㡣ȻСֻߣ˵ĸоȴƸߴһ㡣ҶСֻһۣбһѣΣһִԼĻǶҪСȥˡֻǿһۣҶСбѣεһ˲֮һƬޡ֮УҶСȴһ˫ۣ޵֮пʲôǸոԼֻ޵粢һƬʲôǺɵ֮УԼ˫ȴ޷塣ҶСȥϸ֮ʱȴѾָʶֻصϸ֮Сոմѣ֮֮ʱҶСһִСһ㣬ҶСϸΧһС粻ϵתʶҡһͷۣų˹
ľҶСһһͽԼĻǶ˵С磬ԾľҲǸոһƬҶȻϸƿؾ᲻֪ġʱоľ˵ʱΪؼıôӡ
ǰ֪ô
ϸ֮Ȼ˴٣п֪˵ģҲˡ
Ҳ֪ôͻȻ֮ǰЩʱֻ˵ܵľҪѿһ֮жֲֻľֱ֮ľͻȻѿһƬҶӣҪ˵ʲôǻδü˵㣬Ҳͽˡʵͻ䵽ڣҲһ˲顣ǲ֪Щʲô
˵ҶСɻΪ֪Ļ¾ֻԼ֪ˡոҶСҪϵһȴָ޷֪뷨ԪѾ׽ԭҶСһ˿һ壬޷ָϾϵҲʱ˿ҶС޷ڿʱģʲô⣬ʲôͻȻ֮õʲôͻһ㡣
֮ǰҶСոս׵˽֮ʱѾ˵ΪҶСĽףƺľµı仯¾ڽաǵʱãҲδľʲô仯ֱڹȥ࣬ڽͻȻѿ˵һƬҶӡ֮ԣҶСɵ˵ʱԼľ֮ʱͻƿռ磬Ǳ֮ǰһֱľ֮¹룬ʮ֮һġټʱҶС뵽Īڶʮ֮һġµ򣬲ͻƣΪлܹ֮һЩʶӦܹԼġ
ЩΧϻƵĺƻһڷϸ֮е֮ʱҲڽ͵ڡΪ廹ǰ͸ģԾһֻЩ׷ŸָĹɺ˳תһȦڱϡ˲٣Ҫ͸֮󣬻۵еһɫ֮С
ʮ֮죬ܿĳ㿪ʼϡϸıԵҲѾʼָ˱ĴɫǸָΪɫĹ̻ڲϵɢƽţһĳƽҶСϸ֮еЩѾ֪жٽʿȡĽʮ־޴һҶСһֱĶϵŶδ̫ࡣǽգԣոշҶСϸǵҲɲʱѣžȻѾױת˻ԵĴۿҪոɾˡٶ֮ɼһߡ
ҶСҪȵ֮ʱȻлָϵϵȴֻһ˲ֶ֮ϾҶСֻǵõһ̵ѶϢʹҶС֪ȻԴΪʹôʱΪδʱƺΪؼ֮ʱ˵Լ֮󣬱ֻǸ֪ҶСһϢΪ֮ʱ
Ϊ֮ʱȷǼ֮ʱΪʱΪΪףжܹն٣պȥ׵öࡣҶСڽ׽֮ʱǿ˽׵Ḷ́ʹΪڶʱڴ
ҶСһ뵽ıԼͷһ֣㱻ĨɱˡٶȣԼЩáԼҲ𲻵á˼һȻԼոõûõǰöнʯнҲɴľ۶֮˵׼ֱЩнʯ֮е
ҶСҲɣһ㡰һ´зɳ˰öнʯʱ˰öӨ׵нʯƮ׷Ű֮еһչȥЩнʯδΧѾڰ֮һĺڻһ㣬Ȼֱӱ»˾һע뵽ΧУһ̱սڡöнʯƺֻṩֻƬ̣Ѿ˸ɾ
ղŵ飬ҶСһнʯȻã㲻֣Ǹɴһ֣˲ʱвйнʯɳöӨ׵нʯʱһŰƣֺһŵķȺһ㣬׷׶նȥһλʯ̫ԵʣнʯٶһЩֻǿʼһЩʯ˸ɾǺЩʯͶûʲôӦֻǱȥΧϷ衣


ڶ ǧɢ
ҶСһȥнʯԼ²öֻϸİ֮ѾΡֻܿõΧӨнʯתʱЩнʯѾγһнʯɵαһ㣬һнʯͬĹΧתš
ͬʱ·Ѿ˵һƬҶӵľ֮Ҳ̵Ҳֱע뵽ڡˣҶС̵֪Ǵľ֮©ڻ֮еⲿƺ֮еǶϲҶСϸ֮Уֻϧȴ֪ΪҶСΪ֮ȴǲЩ
ҶСһЩнʯƺѾ˼ޣҶСнʯûټȥžžવĶ䵽˵֮ϡˣ֪ЩʯӦѾ㹻һˡ
Щûбȥ䵽˵нʯȴһϲ⡣ҶСѴѵĳЩнʯ춼ֻʿˮ޲һˡȻڲȴ֪ʱĹؼʱ̣ԼβʯʱѾղ̲꣬סһһҲڵöнʯԼǰһöµĶѷԼǰֻʱģǰֻ۾ҫŽһ㣬ֱֱĶЩнʯŴͣ޲һڰЩʯȫµģȴֻʱСĸͷһѪڵĴ죬ȴֻһöнʯٲȻһóԵģ
ı仯ʮִܹҶС֮ʱһΪСҰѾͷ̶̼֮ȴǴҿʼѧϰ˲֪ʶص֪ࡣÿÿһҶС㶼ҪʯҶСʱźȻƺѾûҪʯˡԼΪһֱæڸˣҲ˹ȥ⣬ƺ̫ûгʲôֻ֮࣬ǳЩʯҶСϸ֮еԵʣԼʱԭ򣬳ʱҶСһĳѬΪǶĿȴһ̵ϢҲûˣת֮ģȴһĳ֥ȼպϢֻҶСҲǲ졣
Ͱ͵ģҶСУһǧöнʯֱȥķӦѸ٣ǰһ̻ȫעǰһСнʯ֮ϣҶСĴ˾ٻǱһʱ䷢һЩнʯ֪Ǹģ۽̲סͬɤ̵˾䡰СãҲЩнʯɵԼһһŽ˿Щнʯסһ㽫еʯȥƷζһģſݵϣһöһöĳ·ʲô鶼޹һ㡣
ҶС˶ʯ֮ǰһֱǰ𾪵ЩңѾССҲʼععΧҶСлһʳģҶС֪ϲó壬֮ǰǴ˲ٵĺ壬޴ȡһ߳׸СޡС޵ٶȺͷӦҲǼ֮죬ವһ±һŴڵסǺ޵֫壬֪ԼԺ޵ģʵЩţ㳶ŵϸıԵԹԵĳ
ϸ֮еһУʱǺڿҶСδܹעʱ̣ȴֻĺڵ˫кһ⣬Ϊںڵ˫֮УƺҶСϿһԼϤӰǰ֮ˣȴ뵱̫Ĳ
ۼϸ֮г⣬ٶȻָ糣ҶСƽѾٹעϸ֮еı仯ںҲȥͷҶСҲδʹڵΪ뺮ϹԼԺڵ𽥻ָҶСܹܵõһЩġ㿪ʵڣӦѾһЩת˰ɣ֪ʲôʱܹȬ
ǵģڽϸ֮ľɢҵȷкôڴ˴ָЧԶЩϼ֮Ҫϲ١ϾѾǷڣܹܵΪȫϵƣҲһʱָܻġҪָΪ¾ϸ֮ҲҪǧɡ
Ҫ֮ã
ҶС񾪵֮ǰɴδҪָҪ֮õʱ䡣
Ǻǣǧʱ˵ȷ̣Ƕҵ˵ȴ㲻ʲôˡϾܹеΪѾꡭһ;֮ϣǧʱҲһɲ֮°ˡ
ú֮˵ҶСɵһɸ¥ĸоڿɲʮ֮꣬ǰϸ֮о֪˶ϼһھȻҲ꣬Լʵ̫һЩδ˵ҶСҲˣǺ˵꣬ʵоʱﺮڶδʱ⣬ʱֻӵʳıܰˡǿʱҲûмǧģȻǧҶС˵Ҳʱġ
˵֮䣬ոнʯٶȽٶȾȻʼΧתнʯתҲΪ࣬ûһЩнʯҲʼȥ
֮енʯҪոɾҶСһöнʯֱȥ䵽˲ٵʯ֮СʱĹؼ֮ҶСʱȲϸ֮ȥǾȵ˵ԼбɣֻҪ֮ʱҶСȥ·Щʯˡ
ģнʯҲԽԽ˿ܿнʯŰΧҶСȴǿովôнʯնȥȫע뵽ڵһɫ֮Уǻȴûʢһ㡣ֻǿȵ˼֣ôϨ˵ĸо
ʱֻҪҶСΧнʯҪĴҶСἰʱĽʯȥÿһζöнʯһ𲹳ȥ֮ǰõ˰öнʯʱ˴á
öнʯȻ٣ҲܲסҶСÿһζöӻ֪֮УнʯǬ˵סԭԷһصнʯڱմۿʣµ֮ǰֻǺСһСнʯҶСûκεĳɣһȫһöʣȫ˳䵽Χʯ֮СʯԼ취׬ΪĹؼʱһοɲ֪ʲôʱˡ
һΣҶСȻöнʯΪǿΣƺδģǴʱʯȴûˣҪ˵ʣµģҲǧöнʯˡһнʯʱҲ𲻵ʲôõġ
ҶСԼûһʯ֮ʣȻ˵ǡֻֻǱʿܲر뷨ҶСȴ֪֮ĴʽֻбȽϻһ࣬Ҳ֮õһְˡ
˵Ĺ㷺һЩҶСϸ֮ԴڣҶС֮Դڣһֱʽ֮κĴڣһֹ⡢һȣ֡ҪֻҶСİ취


ڶ ĹƬ
ʯѾûˣҶСһ뵽ıԼһֱ֮ʯ֮ʯƺҲǾʶɣԼÿһС֮ʯԼãеȻ١㳢һЩҲͬЩʯһ㳯ȥ
Щ֮ʯһɳȥȻҲͬЩнʯһ㣬ȥЩ֮ʯȷʵ˲֪١ֻΧһ֮У׺ŵ˸ɫԣǻ֮Щǵɫǳһ㡣ʱƺ֮ʯЩ֮ʯһ仯ҲûУֻһֱΧתˡǴЩһһմ֮ΧתֻʣЩɫʯһ֮ʯЩ֮ʯһϸ΢ı仯ԶԶأֻЩԭǷϸС֮ʯ忪ʼЩϸСǿʼʧ˵̱ҶСնȥ֮֮ʯһСһȥ
Ȼ֮ʯҲա֮ʯҶСǿռƬ֮ʱҲǴ˲٣յٶȺƲ죬֮ʯҲ㹻һˡҶСҲɣ㿪ʼѴѵĽ֮ʯȥͺһԲĺڶһ㣬˶٣Ծ£ҿƺûʲôرԵı仯Ҳ֪ЩʶĶյ
ʱѾ֪ӿʼı仯˶ٸҹҶСм䵽ȥһķͬʱһЩʯ⣬һֱϸ֮СȻҶСԼʯ֮ǰѾǸʯҲ¡ЩʯҶСġʳ޻Сӵ֮һȻ֮ǰδҶСҪʯǶѾģȥҪؿɾûôˡҶСһûöнʯȴǴӦҪʮеġȻˣǶҶС˾ʮֲġ
ת֮䣬ҶС֮ʯҲյ߰˰ˡǼģƺûģܹȴΪĲʹòֹ˵δ̫ϧˡϾǰȴǲûʲôģֻҶСΪ֮Ż֮һЩˡʮҲǵһΣҶС֪ҪԡֻǿϧɸΪ֮ʱҶСǵˡ
ҶС֮ʣȻԼвٵĵҩЩԼ׼ԺԼĵҩҲա׼ЩԼһЩҩҲóʱȻһֱδ˵ѵ֮ǰڿռƬзӡҵѪĹƬȥɣ
ҶСӦһɻǰѵѪĹҲգ
ѪĹʱҶС֪ǷƷһֱȴһֱ֪ԼҪȥʹһֱҪһѪɫƬˡһ˵
ѪĹƺҲʶֱ֮֮ʯм֮вУһ¾֪ˡԣӦñЩ֮ʯЧҪġ
ۿҪһ֮ʯϣҶСһóһĵӡѪĹƬһεѪɫʯƬȥЩѪĹƬҲ֪ܷգȴǱȥΧΧ
ֱЩ֮ʯգûһ˿ɫ֮ҶС˵Уſ˴ѪĹƬ֮һ˿˿Ѫɫϸ˿һֱӵ֮ϡȻЩѪĹƬһ֮ûһģǼȻЩ֪ΪѪϸ˿ѪĹƬûġյٶ֮ѪĹƬ֮ӦҲ̺żġ˵׼ЩѪĹƬ㹻ֵϡ
գҶСֽʣµѪĹƬ˳ȥգһδθ䣬һζˡյٶѾ࣬ƺһʱᶼղꡣҶСͣһ֮󣬱뿪ϸмϸ֮ʲô仯Ҳǿʱܵõģ滹ͺڡڣԼ̫רĶӣѪĹƬҲոɾҲԼġҲͷĵ
һҶСźȻ䷢еٶȵж໺֮ǰеҩ֮⣬ϸ֮еĴԼϸ֮еľѾȥЩҩʱҲȥã˵׼ѪĹƬҲգҪõЩҩȻԼһЩҩӰ첻̫󣬵ҶСǾ֮ףǰԼ̫̫࣬Լȴһֱûʲôرʱܰһ㣬һ㡣ԾûϸеҲδһöҩֻѰʿǰĴˡ
ΪûҲûҩҲҶСʱȴûа취ȥôΪġǱֻٶлԼԼµö֮еݡȻΪôȫϰˡ
ҶСΪһͻȻΪǰҵ׶Ͷ˽ȥԭòϸ֮һϰöнʯԼǰֻһĴ֮ʯ㾡ĸɾˡǾЩûЩѪĹƬҲ֪ʲô硣ǰһƲл꣬ͻȻմҲ֪Ǹʲô״̬
ҶСڵʮ꣬һص˽ǰ⵽һʱ֮ڣҶСԼΪǲʲôˣܹڶǼŵ֮ͻˡҪҪȵ˰򣬲ˡһϸ֮û˿ԹԼյĴҶСһʹĵһ˿嶯ҪȥɱڵʿǵĽ𵤰뷨ոճ֣㱻ҶСѹȥϾɵΪԼΪȥɱȻһ뷨ǿħ˿ӣպΪΪҲԼĵ²õĻ
Ȼͷһ֣㱻ҶСĨɱԼȴ֪ԼȻ뷨˵ѾΪԼ֮ǰɱ¾٣ĵɱӡʱȴǹܲôˡպǰЩҶСǻ齫Щɱ֮ɱġ

һתۣչȥҶСһϰȴȻ˵СѪĹƬҪĸɾˡ
ϰµĹ˵ʿʵǼΪ֮¡ҶСû֮Ĳ䣬ֻԼڵһպŲϵϰԼȻо˼ֵƣ͡һҶС̴ڤ˼֮˻񣬴֮ǰڿ˼֮ϸ֮С
һϸУһۿıֻһƬҶľϷҶСǣ˶յƺû̫ı仯ڵһɫʢһ֮⣬ҲʵһЩ⣬ûʲô̫ı仯ˡ֮ǰѪĹƬҲѾ˸ɾھֻʣļƬΧתˡ


ڶ 
ۼʱû˼ҶС֪Լһ㵤ҩȻܹóˡȻЩҩڴʱĵҶСһʱ֮ûʲôҶСȴûһ˿᲻ãһңԼʱЩҩڿԶһЩá
ǣҶСóһööƿ֧ƿƯҶСǰһЩƿԴ򿪣֮һϢɢöƷҩƿ֮
ʯ֮ʯЩҩ̺֮ΪױաҶС󲻵ǣеƺҲнʯҪ٣ֻЩҩһȥ׷ֱӻɢֽ⿪Ũת
ȻЩҩ̺֪ж񣬵ΪЩҩ֮еΪױգһʱ䣬ҫ⣬ɢƢĵҩȫŨֱӱնȥŨʵҲۿɼٶȼļšԵģڵһһ׳
ûһᣬЩҩŨ㱻յòˡˣƻδȻжնٵģֻҶСҲû˰취ҲûʲôԹֱ֮ˡЩĲ϶ɾɣǾԲֱܹյġ
ʱͼúһſڣĿзɳһһС⡣һ⣬ҶСϳˣ֮аŵĲǱö߽ʯֻö߽ʯһöģһöȴֻһİСˡͬСĸ߽ʯһԵֵϿ°öнʯֹΪ߽ʯм֮رĹöнʯ޷ġǧнʯҪȡһö߽ʯҲǲ㻻ȡġ
ڴʱóһĸ߽ʯȻǸġһһСнʯҲȥ֮ʱҶСҪ˵м֮ǰڿ˵꣬ʱ䶼ڵ֮ض֮ﶼûлΨһһСö߽ʯҲ˵Ĺϵ֮Уĳ̶ֳȾڰ㣬һֱͶҰСպҪȻö߽ʯֵ̫һᣬȨȻϵһһм֮ɣ
ú˵ҶСҲȥ˿סȷԼǩϹԼ֮Ҳû˿׵ıҪ
ڣҶСóȫеĵҩҲóԼеһҵ֮ڵβĽ׶Ρ
ֻǵҩ󣬱㿪ʼһٵٶȴһһСö߽ʯ֮гȡżΪŨսڡǸ߽ʯ֮е֮ÿһ˿ͬŨȵҪ֮ǰĵҩŨϰٱȻֻһһСöȴԴԴϵķɢ侫
ԶԶĴ·ȥֻΧһһСųβΧһٵٶȷٵתš
Ǹ߽ʯ֮еٶȻΪ֮죬ڹһǽСһö߽ʯۿҪɾ֮ʱʯٶʼתʯҲʼķŻٶȣͷŨһڡ
ʱƺڷźı仯ԭ͸֮ϴʱȻһ˿˿ļ͹ҶСΪһ۱㿴һ֮еȻڵһֻγ˼ϡһ㣬ȷһֿ˵ڱϵı仯һл壬֮ǲӦôġ
ڻ֤Ѿһˡܹ۳ɹԺ֮ǰűʵ𡣵Ϊ֮ǰҶСҲ̫˽⣬׻жٱ仯Ҫȵ֮ٿЧˡ
һ۳ҶСͻȻһѪҺ֮п֮ģĵǴʱԼѪҺƳһЩյĻ֪кЧתһ룬ȴǷͷʱں֮ľȻͷʱҲȫȷҲܹգ֮вںϵĻһŪÿɾ͵òʧˡʱһЩá
ֹסͷһЩͷҶСһֱڵһͬ
ǵҶСϸ֮Ѿ˶ʱո߽ʯеʯٶȻһֱûֹͣ˼·ľɢȴǸŨһ֣ЩȴǱֱնȥ
ʵľɢǱˣΪԭһľɢɢϸеĸڣǿʵ̫ľ֮еûһɢ𴦣ȫա
һȴ˼գСҶСϵһȴԼ޷ͨͺѾȫ˯ֻƾ豾һ㡣
ǰΣƺһʱǲˡҶСҲٿȣ뿪ϸȥϰµ
ΪҶСϸľɢնȥеҲûа취ЩġҶС뿪ϸ֮ʱҲŸ˳
Ϊڲռޣʱֻǻ˰ƴСһʮֺһĴҴܣֱ˸˴ĵһֱŴ硣
Ȼ뿪ϸȴҲ֣ҶСҲͲΣֻԹԵʱǰвپ룬»Ҫϼ²ܵҶСʱ仹в١
˼ϰµ֮⣬ҶС֮ǰһսĵʱҲָܹһЩֻΪûеҩϸеָٶ̫ࡣ

ķɳۣҶСڽӽ˰м˳ʱһֱûʲôӦǺ˯һƯϸеľϷһ˰ռľɢֻǸ߽ʯٶԽʣµİ߽ʯ㼸¼µʱҲδȫꡣڻʣһСΧš
⼸µʱ֮УԽʵ
ҶСܹܵõȻʮСȴۣϵķʵšڿѾܹоõƺһˣ֮ǰǰ翵Ĳлꡣ۳֮󣬿֮ϾȻҶСʮֵ񡣿ȥƺʮ˵ҶСһ㡣
ٶȷŻҲٰռеľɢ֮ǰϸ֮гһֱſĴһĳµҲصҶСϸ֮С
ΪǰҶСĵҩʯĴǰЩҲòϸ֮ٶöҩӣЩƷҩҩһɣҶСὫȫƳɵҩҶС֮ǰǴ˲ҩӣʱܹȼü֮ǰһֱеҩϸеĳԣûЩٶȶʱ󽵣ʵЩܲٶȡ


ڶ 
Ϊ˲ӰٶȣҶСҲֻô֮ǰƻϸֻӵļƻˡ
ľһƬҶ֮ҩӰƺִ˲٣ҶСδĿĵأǵһµҩѾȫ졣
һʮҩѾ㹻ҶСƳٵĵҩڰγЩҩһҩʱѾû֮ǰôҶСһ˰ҩľЧͬʱٽöҩӦҲģֻʱܻ΢һЩˡʱҶСѾƻãԼȽҩ㣬ʱ佫ȫƳƷҩԼֿԳϵеҩˡ
⣬ЩҩҶСʲôʱʯҲóһСȡƷҩҲҶСԼϸҩþͿջҩԼֽơԵüֵǲˣõȥҶСƵĵҩƷʣЩƷҩѾƷ֮еϳ˵ҩˡǽ𵤺ʿҲвСЧÿһöļֵɶ͡
ȻҶСһֱδ۹ԼƵƷҩֻǶԼǸߵ˷ˡȻһĵҩʼۣȻһĺ䶯
һҶС費ͣʶǿҲʮֻƵҩ֮ʱһֱࣻҶСƵĵҩ;һҩűʲص㣬ǿԳϵķöûκεĸáЩص㣬ҶСƵÿһƷҩƷҩ֮еļƷֵҲԶѰƷҩ

ļ֮أÿһξһƷʼѵΪΪ˱Ӳ϶鷳ҶСһ·ЩнġȻδ뵽򣬵ҶСȴһһƷʸáЩɢŨԶԶѰŨ˲֪١ЩǵķΧҲԽ֮ϵɹģҲԽӴ
ʶǿȺһɣҶСΪʲôЩһųչˡܹڴռһôԼٶƾձˡƷʵ°빦֮¡
һ·ҶСȻЩĽûóȻκһΪһֱСĽһ·Ҳ˳ûһ鷳
ֱһգҶСһλȺɽ֮Уûʲô̵ļ΢֮һʮϸ΢ҶСʶǿ֮ҲѷһΪһӸ߿֮̽ȥʮֵ΢ǵķΧҲСЩţȻֻССķԲ׵ķΧ
һΧСÿŵ͵СҶСһû̵ĵطƼöҩ֮ʱⷢ֡
֮˵ҶС֣类ײΪʡΪ֮ʱ;˵·һֲïʢ֮Ƶҩɵý˲ŷֲïʢȻһС
ҶС񿿵ýһЩŷȻһȪһ̶ˮ֮УһСȪðˮȪ֮֮ͽǸȪڵΧ׷Χ
ɵȪϷҶС˼һ̶ֶˮָᵯ֮һ콣˷ɽ֮η̶ֱˮն
Žն̶ˮ֮бƾһͷʹԾֱҶСҧȥֻǴ㱾ξͺһͬȷŴһ㣬Ĵ֮ȴһööϸСŲŸһ¶ӳ㺮⡣ΪıĸȻһ˫˫ĳȡ
ǧҶС̾һ˵һССȻҲܹ
νǧѰޡƽﳣΪһЩضɵƾʵ֮лƲ֣Ѱ֮ȴȷǸĴˡ
ΪһѰĶܹǺټģҶСһ۱˳
ǧҲףʱҲҶСóȻľޣոһʵҲδ֮ģֻǽ˳
һǧԾҶСһֶֻץһֵֻӰƾո֣ͬʱһѾץסǧıҶСΪ⻹ˮ׼ǧʵ̫СһЩֻһӰ֣ץ˸ʵƾΰڶУҲ޷һ֡
һ̣ͼҶСӰһ˦ǧƾ˦˳ȥһ±㲻֪׳жԶ
ڰ֮УͼǧһŤƣƾڰеһ¡ʱֱ׹صΣաͬʱһҲ׵ľ롣ղһ£Ҳ֪ҶСԶܵ͵Ķ֣Ȼ֪˶õˮ̶ȴҲܵӿȥ
һ̣յľͼ֮һֱѾߵǧȥǧʱ⻹ʮ־׼룬ǴԽ㷢Ⲣʲôк֮Ϊɢ֮ﾹȻһöתԲ֮кƻ̺ϵҲٶܻǿ־壬һβͷһתſڰǵȥżͷҲصĳԶȥ
һеĶȻҶС׸ǧһöƷҩˣʱռ˼ǧĵ̣һöҩǸһ㲹ɡ

ǧҶССЩŵ
ʱշһС֮ʱֻǾ쳣΢һߵýˣһ뵽ĳʮֽķΧᷢС֮ǰֵǰ΢ھ㹻ĺСķΧ֮ھȻܹܵŨ
ʱҶСȪ۵Ϸ̤ˮĽ±鷭ӿȪˮˮһ֮£ܹĸܵõȪɢŨŨȾȻɵĻҪŨ
ҶС΢΢һ֣ĽȻһϢƿˮ棬̶ֻˮƾհһҶСһһ³ȥһ߸ı仯ַԼǱɢԽŨ˾֮¾ǿҵı仯Сʮء
ҶСһֱǱֻһֱǱˮ̶ĵײȷԼһ̶ֱˮµһ֮ŨȲŲټǿ±֮һʯܷɢȥ֮ҶСΪģЩ̶ˮ㿪ʼɢȥ
ҶСķǰϾ֮ʱϰļǳıˮ󷨡δԽֹ̫֮оƽʱӴҲѾ٣Ͼ֮ʱҲѧ˼ǳǺʵõķ󡣴ʱõһǿˮ׿ٳһռĽֹ֮ΪҶСѧǳҲֻڲˮҲļˮʹáһ̫ӣǳķͻֲ֧סˡ
ҶС֮ԻһֱҵŨԸ鷳һȥˮпٳһСռ䣬ΪľҪϼգһЩҩСȻǵķΧ󣬵ҶС֮Ũ̶ȴǲݺӵģŨѾҪҵ֮ҪŨࡣ
ĻƵҩȻҪһûĵطҪɵĶˡ
⼸ҶСҲŨԻָһ֮ǰĵ
ҶСͿʼƵҩʱȻоϸ֮һ궯ȥϸȴҲ֪궯ϸ֮Ϊ͵ǻδȫС޵ġ


ڶ ص֮
СƽʱҶСϸվԹԵĳԳ˯˯Ҫôһͬˣûбֹ˵궯
ΪҶСѾСιʳ˺ܾõѪȻҶСֱӽǿȴҲˡҲ֪ǷҶСϸ֮д̫ˣҶСȻҲĪһЩϵĸӦҶСᷢ˵궯һӦ֪ȻʮּҪϸгӡ
СӦòƽ޹ʵ˷ӦʱͻȻҪ֪Ǻԭ
ҶСҲٶ룬һ㽫С޴ϸ֮з˳СԴҶС֮һֱû뿪ϸһҶСϸĻȷ洦ҶС뿪ȺҲûкʺСĻҶСϸҲһֱҲûнų
ʱСһϸ֮гһһ̶ˮʱĵòˡ
ۡĻһʮ˷ֱܵҶС±ˮ֮˹ȥһӴ˾ΥˮС޶ʱԵʮ˷ܣһΧҶСٳСռȦ
СģҶСвӦ̫ûнӴˮԼˮ£Ż궯ҪɡС޻ˮʱȥ׷̷е㣬ԼĻҶСҲٹԼȥ棬ԹԵó˵׼ʼƵҩ
ǾҶС˵һ̣С޺ȻͣһŴ죬εĴԴֻ۾ҶСգգͣƺȻʲôһ㡣ҡֱӴӴԴСβֱҶС˹һֱҶСߣͣһ۵С
С޵ģٲȻһҪ˹ͨСһ㡣ֻϧһ˰죬ҶСһҲġǴֱܹͨӦϵõһЩҪѶϢԭСҪҶСȥһط
һһ֮Сޱ㳯ĳ˹ȥҶС˱ҲȥҪЩʲô
ֻСʱʱĻͷҶСǷ
ˮ̶ҲЩرСεٶȺܿ죬̶׵ķΧҲǲСһһһᣬ¾Ѿʮľ롣εҶСŷǰֳһȪۣǸȪ۴ȻҲһСƺȪ֮еŨһ㡣
֮СȴδͣǼǰȥֱ֮СѾҶС̶Ķ˼Ȧӡһ·ҶСѾǸӴ󣬿Сˮ̶зСȪֻۡЩȪееŨһ㣬еϡһ㡣ԼֵһֻΪŨļ֮һ
һֱαȪ֮СȴûκһȪ۴ֻÿһֻΧȪһȦǰȥСͣĵطһ̶ˮײɫïʢˮ֮
һͣСޱˮϷһ۵ĽУһһֱΧЩˮζʱʾҶСˮʲô
СⷬģضȻˮ·ʲôˡȻǻ޵ʵжǿ󣬵ȴиԱʮڷֱָҩǷȵʲôĵرϣ޶һرĸӦܹһʱķ֡
ҶСһк棬Ī̶׵һȪΪʲôһҲɣһ䣬̶ˮײЩˮݱ㱻˸ɾȻ⼸ʹԭ峺̶ˮûһƬȴӰ
ˮ·ҲûʲôرģСҲǻҶСڵ˼ҶСָһϵĳ·ȥ
ҶСڲھͬʱÿÿ̫һԴ͵ԶҶСĲڣ·һӽγɣ֪ѾǻûзʲôǿС޻϶жģҶСҲ·ȥ
ۼԽԽҶСҲӴȣÿÿһȥӱף˲
һ֮ҶСѾһ֮СӵײڷһЩ״ӵĵزȻַһϸԭ¾ȻһϸҶСܹܵõϸ֮оȻ̺ŴŨЩȪӦöǴһϸɢȥˡ
һϸСҲʱ˷ࡣ
ϸȴҶСڵӵ·ʳȥġҶСҪģǼϸھ
֮ҶСѾ֪Լ˶ֻ̧ͷϷȥѾͿʲôˡʶһ̽ŷԼѾ˽ڣȪ·ˮѾ΢΢ůˮˡ
һ·ȻԽԽСȴһԽ˷ܵģδΪһֱûҵʲôйӡСˣҶСҲȥɣСޣҲ뿴ָܷҵʲôҪҵĵʲô

ڣҶСһֱ·ھãҲ˸ʯɳʯת֮ҶСڵһЩĺһʯ㣬һʯȻļӲҶСÿһⶼڳʹҶС񲻵òּ˼ȡ
ҶСԾܹܵŨŨһ֡
ڣھ֮ҶСһǳʯ϶֮ҵһҪѰĶһźʯһ㣬ںڰֻ֮һҲҫɹâ͸ӨʯһöˮΣÿһ涼ƽྦྷʯͺǾ˹иһ㣬ͶΪԳ
ҶСһУһᾢֱǿʯ϶֮еӤȭͷСʯȥҶС񱾴㽫һöʯֱеģһȥ֮󣬾ȻǾʯû˿Ķ
ҶС񻹴δȻһᾢǾǧ֮Ҳǿ׾پͿ׾ġһöССľʯȻû˿ӦһҲܡ
һŲҶСǾʯһȭҳ㽫סǾʯʯƬǾʯΪû˸ŵ֮ʣҶСһּ̽һѱסöʯһץҶСܵ⾧ʯ֮󡣾һץȥΪûʲô׼Щ޷ץסû֣ҲΪʱƯˮж׹һ׹ȥ
ҶСڵΪ˵ɽ֮ҲˣһöʯҶСҲòġҶСҲֻƾܣ΢΢һϵ֮ɰصľʯС
ǾʯҶС񲻽ܹܵõŨԼδܹһöʯ֮ɢԼָ϶ϵɢһо⾧ʯҲ֪ǺȻܹܹԼʶ̽飬ʶȥȴֻһѰʯͷˡʲô쳣
ҶСոյһöʯ֮ʱȻҶСΧϷһ¡¡ȴǸղҶСһöʯĳʯ֮ʱ̫󣬶ʹΧռ䶼һҲѹ֣ܹľʯʯӲҲǼǿģҶСһȭƬǣȻҲСҶС֮ǰһ·Ǻڳһӣ˵ǴѨΪʡ
ڣһʹΧ𶯣ҶСδüʱɳѨ֮ʱΧѾʼݡҶСҪȥǿԶЩʯɳСȴǲСҶСֱȰѹ޻ס뵽ϸ֮С


ڶ ۻ
һҶСѾױ˵ﴦȻڱ񣬵ȴҶС֮ǰϰֻ֮֮ĵ̫һЩˣȻ֮ǰҶСҲͲô鷳ȥڿӣֱǱˡڣȴվǲòݳȥ
ȻҶСڵΪҲЩĴҶСȴһöɢŨľʯ⾧ʯɢŨǼ侫ԹֱգЩʮºͣһ˶٣ʹþʲôѹȸС
һ·ȻҶСҪĲȴһֱеľʯֱصˮ֮ϺʵڵҲû̫ࡣ

صˮ֮ϣҶСŷԭžˮʱΪĲϲһĺƷһĲϷ
ۼ˵ǲʺƵҩ֮أҶСյõһöʯȻҲǷڴ˴춯֮Сʲôע˵鷳
ҶСէ֣½ǣֱ֮Զȥٶȼ죬µĽɳĺƵⳤβһš˲ʧʡ
С֮ҶСһƬɽһһǲ֪˶ɽȥΧԻ죬һͱ֮⼸㿪ٳһ׶
һ뵽˶֮УҶСϥ֮ĵһ±óöʯ⾧ʯһóһŨúƳˮһӿ˲㽫Сԣȴһɫɢһĳ̶֮󣬱㲻ٷɢˣֻһֱάΧǸŨȡ
ҶСŨ̲סһЩÿһЩִǾʯɢһЩȥԱ֤ΧһֱǸŨȡȻռ䲻󣬵ŨȿǱҵЩνƷҲҶСʶƷѵҲҪǿ
ҶСʮ꣬һЩ˵е֮ҲһЩšһоʯĵһʱ²³ǺΪȻ³ʱε֮Ż˽һбļȻһ͵˭Ķһĸоֱɳǧŷó鿴
˼һҶСϸ֮УͬʱеľʯҲһ˽⾧ʯһ뵽ϸУҲͬһ㣬˲ɢŨΧܴһУǿռķΧ֮ڶżŨǸΧ֮ȻҲ͸ȥȴϡ˼ΡȻϡҲŨȣЩϡҲڵ֪Ũ˶١
ǰ㿴⾧ʯɷǴ˵е֮ʯ
ν֮֮֮ꡣ˥ߺſγ֮֮ɵ״̬ҲָеĿһһˮһȪˮһʯͷҲܻʲôɽ֮ĻЩȴǴڴ˵Уʵȴ֮١Ȼϡ٣֮ʵڲСҶСҲжŹ
ҶСһμ֮ʱ㻳⾧ʯǴ˵е֮һ֮֡ʯ
⾧ʯҲʾʮ𾪵ɫΪļ֮УҲֻǼһ֮һĻһ֮Ȫһ޷Я֮֮ʯһȾͲࡣ
Ũɢ˲ηӦþ֮ʯ١˵꣬˵֮ʯĳɫӦû֮ͨʯӦѾ֮ʯеƷ֮ۻ񡣡
ۻ񣿡
ҶСɻ֮ʯŹڻʲôͲˡ
ʱ͵Ѱ֮ʯӦͬʯһĳɫǲ˾Ө͸ġ⣬ΪҪһСѰ֮ʯǲɢѾԸϵϼƷһŨġ
˵ȻȥƺۻҲ൱ڼƷеŨȡҪ֪ӵмƷ֮ŨҲźܴġ֮ķΧҲʮִġ
˵꣬ۻԴɻ˵ۻǻмֹ֮ǰŵ֮ʱ״ӦǲģۻҲ˹״ġۻѰ֮ʯ֮еģᵥڵġǿһöۻȴǴΪͬ
˵ҶСأɢŨۻ˼Ƭ̣ԼЩŵɻ˵ѵһöۻǱ˴ĥģ
Ҳ˻ɡͷص˵ԼҲмֲţۻӲȣʲôܹĥأúõһۻӦҲûбҪȥĥŶԵģϾЩΧ֮ʯҲǻɢŨģۻʲôӰġ
ˣۿۻڰıԵ֮ضδ˷֣Ҳ֪Ѿ˶ꡣȻ֮Ҳ޹ؽҪˡ
ҶС˵꣬˿еۻĵʱ򣬸պԼûٶȴ֮ʱҿȻδۻ˵׼Ҳвٰ
ҶСֱӰۻϸУһӰԼϸϸеҲ֮ǰǾƾľɢΪۻҶСϸƾձһƷЩҲмá
ȻˣҶС뿪ϸ֮ǰһ˴󹦵СȻⲻһ͡ǽҲʲôر֮ֻһͷͷԴĺʬˡϾСֻǶԳԸȤˣ֮ƾȻȥΪġҶСҪʲôôҲֻжЩѪĿǡʱЩԹ֮úðΪˡ
ϸгҶСҲûֱӾȥϾǵҩλҪƵġۻǵҩҶСĸҲǲݺӵġҵƮڣҪǹĹҲҪĲٵʯʱҶСһסܻĶѾϣʣµļȻǼֵǣмеȴԼζ֮ԣʱ˵׼ԼʯҪЩҩˡ

պҶСڴǼ׶֮˳Ի죬ٶ·
ʱҶСǬ˰öƷҩ
֮ǰöƷҩ׵֮ԻķôĹһΪǳ׵ǵһƣ裻׵֮ʱǱѰƷҩҪķĹ򣬲һּ򵥿ƵĵҩҶСƵĵҩȴѾ֪˶öƷҩƹѾϤòϤ֮мöȥ룬ֻƾʶı֪˺ʱȥҪյγ̶ȣʱҪͶ뵤һҩ֮ࡣһƳɹʮö֮ڱ˰ö
öƷҩ㹻Ʈ;зãȵһεҩ֮ҶСȥһһʣµҩЩҩһȫƳɵҩʱʲôԴ͵Ľ֮󣬱óһ󲿷ֻʯϾ˵ˣҪƮڵĹĹҪĵʯɲһǰġ
ҶСһ뵽Уϸ֮СȻƻδһ㣬ƾԼϵȻ޷ͨڿȥûʲô״һʮ˳ģ


ڶ ħӰƵ
ϸ֮ޣͺҲھۻԶĵطšСҲǸܵۻŨſԱߺ˯š
ϸһаãҶСҲͷֻ뿪һ˲ͻȻƳһ˺ڰԳ
ʱҶСͻȻһȻѾ̵ʱ䡣ԼһֱæԼ飬δڣԼȴҲ顣飬˵֪ƽãģǻλ˼صһ룬ӦļˡƽԼȴҲʦһ֪޲ִҶСԪƣȷǶҶС鲻С
ˣȻҶС뿪ϸ֮ʱҲδ˵ʲôȴѾ˴㡣˴ٵ󣬱ҲҪʼѰˡ
ʵԤϡ֮ǰҶСŰöнʯϸǸָ֮ȫȴڲڣȫĵһ֮ʱȴõۻһתִؤ˴󸻴֮ˡ
ʱҶСУһöƷҩĵҩڿлŨӺ£ȫתһ棬ҶСҲڴϸоȫϸۻɢҶСɽиƣһǸƾԳܡۻɢȴǾգֻҪȡ㲻һΣ˺ôѾֻмƷŻеЧˡ
Ȼû֮ʯʶҶСϵȴѾܹתΪʶȻֻˣ֮ȴһͬӿ˲١
һַ˶֮ҶС˰һ·㿪ʼ಻ϵ͵Ǿ뼫˴Ҳһɶʮֽܵ໥š
ͼʾҶСѾĿĵƮڲԶʱ䣬ҲӦþͿҪƮˡôõʱȴûһ仯ҶСһ·ΪܹĻָڵƣͣ˼⼸ͣǴʱٶȳҲû̫ʱϵ˷ѡ

ҶСһĸƮڣͬʱﻮŵʱλýǹĹʸ񣬲һڿ˼žݴǹĹײǰգԼβܹȫ֮ʱȴ֪ͬʱڰҲڷһ¡
ߴΪף»ĶɣԼ಻ɡߴɷֱίɡϳɡޱ󡢻š̫һԼҶСҪȥƮڡߴɵУ⣬ɶǳ˹ģ֮ʵɲĳ⣬ûʲôرġΨǶڼΪر統еɶ졣
ǶһصǣȻҲÿһʱ׽һЩ츳ĵӣƽջǸ߸ϵ̬׽κεĽǶȴȫͬУеʿΪԵ֮ʱ׽еʿ׷ǸΪ޵һںͳǶȴ޵նÿһʿԸҪµˡܹõܹôԵ޿ʹȻͬߴɣǶڵȴΪӴġҶڻһǳرص㣬ʿ֮ʱҪһֱľ֮࣬ʱҲرŨ֮ʱͻȻ򣬱ƽطһ㣬һٽΪһΣ
ȻڵΪǿ󣬵ĸ۴СȴǱʮֺгĹϵһЩ֮ʱ輰ʱһֱ֮ɵ·һ򲻻ǿˣ˵ȥɣԾԽʢȴҲ̫ġ
ʱڰĸڶ߽ʿ׾ۼҲһΪĶ֮С
˶һãΪһһ¡
һ£Ƕڳʮ֮ҵſ˵ת֮ˡڴ˾ʮѰ׽ҵѾ֮С
ڶ£ҪһϵĴ¡ǽǧı߽紦սԽңƺǧչ죬ѹͬʱ֮䣬ǧħѨֵԽԽ࣬ҽڸػഫħļ󣬾߱ഫħѾЭ飬пһЩϴħѾγˣһͬ巢
ڻѡʱ֣ҲΪ֮ǰ֮ʱƮͻȻڵƮĹӵ㿪ʼħӰ֣ŨǳڵĲ㣬෴˵㷴ûħƮھڵõϢ㼰ʱɳʿǰȥ̽Щʿһȥ֪ˡٴǰȥѰ֮ʱֹĹĵѾ״ڲرˡڵڶڴ÷ǳǿĽƽڷӡ
ʵҶСʥ沿֮ʱʥħͻϮʥ֮⡣統еĸһֱʱڸϹµ֮ħӰÿÿֶֻΪȡЩЩ֮صıΪ֮һЩʿǸ֮ʥء֮ڱǵ֮ŷħӰټмıʿײҲΪħ֮Ϊ̫ߣܻġ
Ȼʱħ˴󵨣Ʈȳɵ黹ǵһΡҼǷӡסƮĹĽ֮ǿҲͬһ㣬ƮڵʵȻҲһʱᶼ޷ƿǽơԴ˿ħһεҲȫ׼ȻƮԳִ̬ʱȴҲ󣬴㽫ΪʤݵһԴħӰƵֵӺˡ

Ϊ£ҶСոһ򲻾ãڵߴɵϽΧں˵㱻һʿֶ
ʵЩʿҶС֮ǰѾЩˡʶǷΧԶЩ˴ࡣڴ֮ǰ֪һʿһֱѲһ㣬һ޵֮طСЩʿѲķΧ֮һȺʿѲ顣
ҶСα֪Լ޷ƹˣԼҲûʲô⣬ҲδȥСֻڱ֮ǰΪѲǰеϰߡֱóҸ֤ݣŸ֪ҶСʱѾ˷ǳʱڡҲǴЩѲߵʿУҶС֪ʱڷʲô䡣ҲͻȻԭʥʥ鱻һ²Ǹ統иضڷƵ
ҶСֻһʿ統еЩҲֲȥģֻҪûŵŴɱˡĵƮĹɻܽ룬е౦ˡ
ҶСҵǴ֮ʵԵѣ֪ƮĹħڲ֮״ΣѾƿ˷ӡûУ
ʿȻѾǽڣǼҶСֵŵļ֧ѪܳУ֤ҶСҺԱݡΪҶСѪ֤ϢҲĻٻð䡣


ڶһ 
ʿҲһҴС֮УԼҶСȻΪûԼߣʮֿ֪޲
˵ƮĹѾܷһζڼټĸɴеһĿıҪƽƮĹķӡħ壬ħ˵ħӡƮĹĽʮǿ󣬾ƮԼѾûʮɵİܹƽһƮرŵһԳħΪһν޳ĽƮĹʿšʿ˵꣬ԴֲмЦһ˵˵ƮĹڲӡǿԳͨڵħħ嶨ȻʵȫţЩԪӤڵĸǣ˭ȥǸùͷӷƮĹӡѾʮˣصıҪˡ
ʦִԲӡƮĹײƮڵķڸֶȥħҲͬʵܷµȥҲ˵ʮʱ䣬صһĹĹ֮Ҳв˶ԶġЩħǰĹڷӡסȻҲǼɵĸɣʵҲǿ̫ࡣ԰˵ߴΪ̳ͬħ֮£ֻҪĺƮĹӦҲжʧң²룬ֻҪǲ˴˴γħģ󶼻вٵĺôʿո˵꣬һʿӻ˵˵̾һпֻϧҵûбΪֵ͵ʿȴֻܸЩ£ʲôôֲҵ˰
ʿЦٺ٣ҪôʱƮĹƾΪܹס˵

ҶС̸һ󣬱ѴʱĴȻءЩҲǵ;˵Ըв죬ʵοҶСҪһ˲֪ҶС˴ҪȥĵƮڣǴһ˶ڿ
ħӰռƮĹһ¶Ʈɲʲô¡ǶҶСȴǽںû֮䡣
֮ǰҶСʵΪĵľԼȻ֪¥ʯڣȡȴǸ⡣ҪýƮĹʸϾֻҪʯɣʯҶС˶һЩҩǡҪ뵽ʿԵǵҲƮĹײһһֱ֪νĴ⡣
ڣΪħռƮĹҶСȴӭжˡ˻ᣬ˵ҶСлЩɵĸһͬµõƮĹײ㡣
ԣڶҶСΪؼı¡һΪħ壬ЩɵĸǻһֱµƮĹײ㶨ȻдҶСܷûͬһǰȥһؼ⣻ڶʿǸϵ֮ʱЩħǷѾƮĹˡ
νıˣ졣ҶСҲֻһж¥ʯƮĹУҪֻȫܹͬЩһͬƮĹʸ񣬶һֱƽײ㡣
һ֮ҶС̤γɡڸڵ·;֮ҶСȴÿһαᱻѲʿһΡȻЩ鷳ȴҲǱز֮¡
ʱҶСһ·֮ϲʱһӶӽѲʿܵһֽŵաһħҴƮڵ⣬ǳʤݽһֱħ岻Դĵħ֮ҲɵǸѾСˡһһڰȻһֱħֳݷһЩСռ֮У˵̫СһЩѾ֪ȥ˶꣬Сռһֱûбʿֹõݷǵжǿ˵
ּ֮ڽĶҲԽԽԡȻҲܹ࣬ռһأ˵ԼʱʱʱĻͬһ㣬ҧһڣȥһ벻֪ǳħϣвҲ֮ٶȴ
УҶСһ·ţ뿴ⶫʤҪһˡֻǴʱ»δ˿ȥԳ˰⻹ûб仯һߴɴɹʶز֮ħ˳ᲥɢȥˡҶСᣬδʲôĶȴҲ֪ڴ˳ҪܱǼ¡ȻҲҸԶƧ֮ʵȴþȳ֮ҶԨҶСҲǲòѰġ
ҶС̶̵ʮб߹ģеҲûκη塣
׻˵Ӣۣڶ֮УЩ֮Ÿл㡣

һ·ԭҶСδϵǿ¸˴áȻʱһýɢޣҪӽ˴ҡڵĽǾԲô׵ġҶСʱҪȥڡ
ҶС񵽴ﶫɽ֮ʱѾҹʱ֡
ŷԺԺԼĵ㼶Ժһ㼶еʿоڶδﵽ֮ˡȻЩ˵ΪԺԲƣȴΪӴ󣬼һӴĹҡԺУЩѾһΪ֮ˣЩȴҪ׽統߶ƽΪǷһ׽統УмڣĶڵĺڣѾмߵѾҪȥ׽統мܹ뵽ڵҪôΪߵʿҪôԼѣʱп֮ܶˡ

ҶСʱ֮ǶԺһԺֻǴɽʼ޽һֱɽ۷ĹɲǱҶСһ·ʶ廹Ҫ׳ۡһɽ壬ȴֻǶڵһԺԺˣԺһЩڻΪδﵽ֮ˡ
ڵʿװѰʿЩͬΪʾڳնϺ쳾ÿ˶ͷͷеĴñеֱǹͷñģǻɫñżһźɫñӵʿ
ҶС֮ǰѾ֪ڵʿñɫԼƷڵΪߵ͡ⲻñǴŻɫñĶΪ֮ˡɫñӵģѾڵʿˡںɫ֮ϻгɫơȼ֡ڶ֮ñӵɫֻΪ̫һֳԵıֶѣȴԴС֮¡
ҶСڹɲſڣмѾڵĴñʿɽûʲôΪġɽС·֮ϣԶÿһȥһһֱǹɲ֮Ϊֹ
ԶԶȥⶥؾһɽɽ·ϵ˲ϻҪСǾЩƱϻҪС֮ˣȴһһݵǼ߼ʣѴԽֱʵɽ·һֱе˹ɲ֮Сδģܹڡ
ʵҶСǰģǶеͽʽڵԺÿһԺǽڴԽɽɽ˸߶ȣѾѰ֮ʵǵĸ߷塣ԵӵдܹʵԺ֮ˣڶὫ¡
Ƕȫͬͽ׼˶Ϊص츳ԣǶȴֻҪﵽһ㣬Ҫ󡣵Ȼһ˶ڣҪضԶɸΪϸڹǡһΥҲ֮ͷ
ڵĹҲʮر֮ʱҲʿرϸҪ󣬼ûֻҪ㹻ԺͬΪ


ڶ ˮ
ȻڵʿٺΪߵͻЩϵġڵĹƺʿһĸƺãഫ֮ھһЩʿ֮ʱ츳ƾһִһִΪ
ҶСһ˴ڹɲĴſãвһĻ㱡һǿ󣬼ҪϥǸЩ߲żҶСһִƺΪϤˡ
̧ȣ쳣żҶСȻûһ˿ϰߡȻȻģҶС½ǰڣǸ󡣶ͷҲ΢΢£ֱżȻ̧𡭡
ҶСδ֮ˣǸող֪пżһϵжȻǶڵйһżΪ׼Ķÿһϸ΢Ķ壬ǳ붫ڵʿҪѧĵһιżԣֻҪ֮ˣֻҪһżĶɿЩɽжʱʿЩǸոɽ֮ˡǣǿҶСոյĶȴ޷óҶСֻǳ֮ˡ
żҶСʶĻͷڽżĽһۡȻֻʶĻͷǹȻǽ䴦һرĵطǸﾹȻһʯשʯשԱߵ֮һƬʯԵ԰һЩ

ҶСҪȥڵ·;֮ϣ·һԺ˼һĪĽǵɲԽ֮ʱȴĽšһɲ֮ʱȻоһǰϤÿһһľҶСϤͺҶͻȻصһδļһĸоֺмεĳʵҵ֮
Ҳ֪˶ãҶСһ·Ժ״̬Уһʲô룬ֻƵǹɲ֮šڶ֮вԺԺڣֻҪٵһЩطŻʿĽ롣ҶСһ·Ҳδ
һĻų̨״ǰһ֮ʱҶСӭͷһŻɫñӵʿʿҶСĪЦһ£һͷֱҶСС
ҶСҲʶֽ˹ȥõͷһŷֲǱĶȻ˰ӡ
ʿҲţҶСźļȻһ㣬ִʱǰˡϦȾ˰죬ҲɲһɫһжԵôƽ͡Ȼôʱ龰ҶСһֱŵҲ֮ƽһЩЩԼѹ͸ΣʱƱ׵˾һ㡣
̧ͷȥŷ̨֮ϵĴǱĵطǹЩԺʿʳ֮
ͷеӣҶС񲻽һڿˮƺеʮζ֮һ㣬ѾʮǰѾٹ֮Ҳ̲סʳָ
ҶСĵĴһ֮ʱȻкһҶСֻкȻһ㳹ѹԼԴɲʼһж̫һЩƾԼ֮ǰǰ֣Ĵ治ƣҪ͵ϮĻԼȻ޷֡ڵΪһѾﵽ˵㣬ǳֺʲôԻһĸо
ʱͷ΢΢ȵĲ˰ӣҶСȻǾŰӵĸоʮϤǰɢζǰϤȴûȥȥ顣
ǡʱһһǰͲĺߵҶСǰҶСվﲻ۰Ͱ͵ŶӡҶСˣְӸǺӵС
һԭʧ߿֮ٴӸ߿մԼоĹɲǰȴԽԻʶ̽̽ǹɲ֮еȷûʲôԻĶԼոյֱ֣ȷǲġ
ҶСⶫڵԺԺе˴յʱ⣬ʱǰյͷȴѾǷҫһƹˡ
ȻĻɻҶСȴҲٶֻͣмطͷҲصĳǶڵ֮طȥ

Ϊ뵽˰򸹵صԭ򣬵ҶС񷴶ûбʲôѲʿءֻһ·еУһֱͷһʶĸоδʧ
ҶСŽµɽԽԼָоҲ֪ҶСˣҲδѣҲ޷ȥѯ
ΪԼԽ͵رоҶСҲһ˿Īꡣ
ΪԽǸߣҿҲԽǿҶСԾеַʵѾ񲻾һֱˡԴⶫڵϽҶСһֱѣȻʱѾڲԾбӰš
ҶСʱδֻƾ轣ɳۡΪʱĽٶȼ죬ԶȫٷлҪϲ٣һҹķУڿԶԶڵ֮
ʱѾҹʱ֣·ȴһмλһʵƻ֮Сҹ֮Уһ֮´ŵһ硣
ȻҶСϲĪеĪоǴʱǰһԺ֮иΪϤһָоȴȻȻӿͷָо֪гҶСУͷ޷ѹƣҲɢȥ
ǰҶСŹڵر𹦷Ϊﵽһľ֮ԴﵽתЧתѰЩֱӵĶᣬǿһض֮»ָǰһļΪǰһµķҲԼʹá
ҶСһӽ˶ھرĸоʱԽǿڵأָоȴǿҡҶСɵò뵽ѵԼҲǶڵʲôתйϵ
ҶСһͷ̴Ĳ롣ΪڽΨһһλת֮˱һˣת֮ȻҵʱӦþҶС񽣹·֮С
ҶСոѹסԼ²⣬ֺȻ˵һ˵ƵһЩֻ°ҶԨĺڼħ֮ˡ˵ԼˣԼʶһĿǡ
ҶС񲢲ȥʾԼԼϵЩʲôܡϲԼѣԼ޷ƣⲻʲôõͷӦ÷һڵʿϡ
ΪѵĸоҶСһֱڽ֮ϣڶڵԶɵƻһֱδٽӽһ
ҶС˼Լⶫڻкϵ֮ʱôһҡҡλεĶݹ⻺Ľӽǵݹ⵹ҲЩأҶСǶݹ֮ʱҡҡλεģʲôոѧݹʿƬ֮һԭȥΪĶݹȴѾ͵ǰݹ⾹ȻǿƻʵѸޱȡǸոһݹչֳٶȣѾҶСȫٷлҪϲ֪٣Ƕݹ⿴ȥҲǿ󣬾ƾչֵĶݹǿȣȴٶȣզࡣ
ˣҶС֪ʲôͽʿȻǸ֪Ϊεĸˡ
Ҳ֪ΪҶС˶٣ҶСҲóȻʶ̽⡣֪˷ɵýˣſ˵ò˴֮⡣
ֻһĶݹ⣬ǿԵѾĥͷ̺ӡ̺ѾƾɵԭǷλԭ͵Ĳ״ʺʵżмĿҫԭӦǿƷʼ֮ҶСһҲ֪̺ӲʲôӦֻǸѰƾ̺Ӱˡ


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ٿ̺֮ϣȴǰһˣװǶ֮ˣֻͷҲδʲôñӡ㣬һװֳһƺ«ʱǴ«߸߾һɾˮСѵɾֻ½˲پˮʪյһƬ
һǰͻȻͣ¡˾ƺ«ҶСȵСӣڵģȥȴɵվ
ҶСȻ˵Լ˼룬˸ڻصǰȷڵġ³˵أɴʱҹشʱóȻöЩ㡣
ʲôģЩڿֵĺܡ˵꣬ͻȻʲôЩһ㣬һתҶС룬ֹŹֺǺһЦ˵ˣ
˵գ˱ֱӳ·ȥǶݹǻλƺҲһһ㡣
ǰǶˣ
࣬ҶСʵ
Ȼˮڶڿ˲֪أӦδŹɣ
˵ŻѾڵɽڡȻˮºƲǶ֮ˣȻûʲôñ֮࣬Ǻλ֮͡ʿǵͷ񣬾ǸҶСҲΪûһ֮ˡ
˵ıˮ¾Щһ·һ㣬۱˱ֵιδһ㣬ͷҲδһ¡ֻԹԵڶưƵġ
ˮµȷǶˣҶСҲһֱ󣬿Ҫȥ˺ƵλͣӦòʲôġ
ҶСˮһ·δͣǶһݹһٶȶ졣֮ҲԵЩۣһ·˵ĲĿÿǰ֮ˣҲû˭ء
µһɽ壬һɲҶСͷϤоһֱδɢڽ뵽֮ҶСһֱʲôڵԼȥһ㡣ҴʱԼھԽԽӽ
ҶСˮһֱãԽڣֱһΪΰ׳ɽ֮ͣ
ˮ»ͷҶС˵Ǽ˶סڴ˴Ҳˡ
˵ˮ±йһڵʿ˼䣬ʿͷʱҶСˮ±㲻һ仰ȥ
Ƕڵʿˮȥ֮󣬱ЩɻҶС񣬺ƺȻԼĿⲻ̫ԣЦЦ˵ɡ
Ҳǽڵʿͷɫñӡ˵ŻҶСһ¥ȥʿ߱ҶС̸ţҶСҲ֪һЩڷ顣
֪Ҷʶˮʦģ
ʿҶСһЩվ̲סк棬ʵ
ˮǰҲʶðˣ
ҶСһһǸˮ¾ȻڵбΪʦ桱ѾӦǱŻҪһʿˡѹҶС˽ûһ˸ҳصġݣѹҶС񿴲͸Ϊֻ֪ΪԼ˲֪٣ȴʲôˡ
Ǻǣ͹ˣʿǺһЦִɻ˵ѣˮʦƽؿǺ˽ӴģġǾ͸˵֮ˡ
ҶСҲǲ֪ǺԭȴҲֻЦЦ
ʿҶСݣҶСҲҪ뵽ƮĹħǬȡһöСͬʱҶС͵Ʈڵ飬ѾΪͬʿڡȻ֪ǵıΪħΪ˹ĹеıǿϵĿȴҪȥƮĹСԵ˵ʿд뷨ı㶼һöϾ˴ʿ̫࣬һѷĽվСԱὫеʿһ֧һ֧Сӣٽ뵽ĹУһ㲻ʲôˡ
ʵڵİѾǰȥƮĹħ飬ҲѾȷֻҪʶ֮ʿǰ㶼ܾǴɻСɢޣֻҪʿԿɲ뵽ƮĹħСĳʱ䣬ҪȵƮĹķӡ֮ˡ
ʱѾдֹ֮ͨĸ߽ʿǰȥƮڣоƽǷӡ֮ˡԾʿ룬ҪƽĹĽҲ⼸ա
ԭҶСĵֻƮĹ飬ΪʱԼһﶫھͳֵֹоҲһת֮¡
һʲ֪ȻǾڵĳȷϣȷǿ˵ת֮ˣѾɵŵȸ߽ʿˡתУͽվС
˵ţʿԾ¶һĨɫϾһתУ㵱൱ڰշˡƾվͻϵΪͷ˭ģ

ҶСסĵĪоһֱδɢĵĪĲһɽǷıڶ쳣ѹ֣֮ƿ˷ţһէ֣ӰѾſڡ
ҶСҲ֪ԼҪȥֻƾµĽԼΪٵķУľգҶСžһЩչ
֪УҶСŽһΰĽ֮ǰʱҹǵƻͨͬһ㡣һҶСбһԼһֱѰĵط
ҶСпһʱȴȻ˸ȵ˴󵨣ô
ʱҶСһʣ֪˴Ȼǽء̧ͷһŷǰĴʱһǿĽӡšţҲ޷Ǵеġ
ýԼõʿó֤ݺȥһʡŪҶСݣҶСҲ˵Լֻ󴳣ȥ֮ЩʿһʧҶСǰصĿԲ֮
ת˲֮䣬ҶСǰֻǵƻͨһƬȴһˡ
ȻҶСȥǴȴǾԶǴУһֱƺʲôϵΪ֮ղѾ֪Ǽת֮ƽվǶڵʿҲ룬οһĽʿ͸ܷȥˡǣ˵ת˽ת֮ʱȴǰ
ҶСһձɽпףоȻĪһּ
ʱҶС񣬺һֱԵСħһ㡣һֱָʹҶСĪ飬ҲʹҶСһֱĪĲС
ڣҶСѾԼҪʱ̱ѣҵ顣ΪǹϢ̫ǿңֻһҪĵʲôʲô˼δйһϵĶڣʲôϵûС
ҶС֮ʣȻһתͷȥһһ۵Ĺͷʿһȥ֪˲ñӣȴΪΪԭΪȥ˵ΪȻڶδﵽ
֮ɢȴƮȻѣһ㡣ÿһ߹ôȻȻΪһ塣
Ϊʿ֮ˣոճ֮ʱҶСȻǴʶзֻ֣һʶĻͷȥŷˡ
ҶСģ˿ƺΪȴ˲ڼ֮ԼоȻȻ֮֮ǰĽ˲ʧ١˵ĳ֣ȻǴ绯ѩһ㣬˲㽫ҶСеĸ


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ƺԼ֮ˣҶСȻһֺʶһָоǸˣȻҶСȻΪԼһˡ
λѣҹˣĪҲ궯ϢһҶС񣬱ʵǸ˵ֻ꣬Ȼ˵ǺǣºͿˣԵѵΪѾٹ˰ɡﻹһ㻹ҪԺ
ҶСЦЦȴδش𣬶ʵʷǷ֪մ
ѹˣδʿΪʲôġ˵Ӧóƺһǰ£ƽˣѲɣ
ƽƱãҶС񡣡˵꣬ҶСǰʿʵĪǾ˵ת֮ˣ
ףҶµ֣һԹԵ統еϢÿǿ졭
ҲҶĳ֮ǰδŹѵ䡣ҶСЦЦ˵͵˵Ƕڵ֮ԵڵΪ˵ӦÿԳڴ˵صģ֮չֵķʣԷǷУԲ˲²⡣
ҶС˵꣬¶˻ȻһɫʷǷһ֪Ǹӵдǻ֮ˡȴֵһ¶ģһ־ͺһ㴿ĸо
һ֮ˣֽͬһ㡣ҶС񲻽²ţĪת֮ڽܴ֮ǰ㶼ôת֮ʱǷ͸һЩ
ҶСδ뵽Լ˵ת֮ˣҲδ뵽Լ˾ҲһʮϤĸоһ˫峺˸ǴҲһ˵Ŀ⡣̽ʵѸղԣĪΪ֮¶нꣿ
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ֻǣһֱ룬ת֮ҿɻңǻ᳹ױˣ˵˳˼һֽ˵˵꣬΢΢ͷڻʲôһ˵Ȼ֪һ֮󻹻лչ˺øʰɡ
ˣҶ뵽ԭǹɻ֮աΪ˸ʺʹ׼˰֮ãȴ֪ʺʹҪθ˵游ʽģһʺʹ繮ҵЩʿ֮ͨӦ׾֮°ɡ
˵ţ¶˼ǳɫһ߷ֺҰοһ㡣
˱֣˼񲻼ĸо˵֮˲ʺ棬Ϊһ񲻼ᶨ԰סԼķûдҲһ;컯
ҶС񿴵˱֣ȴóǲᶨ֮ˡ֮óתƺԼԸЩ׷˵һ֮ˣȴûκηǾԵѹ֮£СһҪΨ˳ӡ
ȻǼԸûκλŻǿ־壬һȻɫˣֳҲǶڼ˵һЩǣֻһԸϵ׳ԵνԵǷˣҶСʿҲҪΪ䷳ţ
˵һͣ¿ҡҡͷЦһʵҶѻδ˵Ϊλڴأ
ҽոյⶫ֮Уߣȴߵ
Ϊ˼ӣҶСҲ֣˵ҵйĶ֮ģҶСϾûн¶͸˵ϰߣ׽֮ҲٻеˡϾ˵Ҳ⣬ֻͽհˡοڶĻһμ治һİˣ͸øˡ
˵һͻȻɫ˵ɫˣһҪȥ׼һ¡˵ǴʽȻ򵥣֮ǰȴһ󷬵ķҪġ
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ҶСԶĵ׶Լϵһ֡˵ת֮ˣڵĸоȴԼƼһ޶ĸܣԼƺҲһЩĪϵ֮ǰеЩ꣬ҶСԸϵĶδ֪Ļ֣̿ڼ֮Īʧˡ
ĪԼתҲʲôϵ
ǧ˿ƵĹϵ֤ҶСûô򵥡ҶСһĶڣ˵׼ԼʲôͻҲ˵׼
ҶСطԼסһתȻʶзǴʲô˳Ǵٴϸ֮ʱȴʲôûˡ˲ǷԼĴȻҶСһԼʶ㹻ţǵⶫ֮񾭾һֱĵԼһЩҲǲ֮ˡԱҲδȥ롣

صסҶСոϥ£ͺȻһȻʶһСӣŪʲôö
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ˮ¾ҶСסԶҶСŽⲻƬ̱һҶСס֮Զɽ塣ɽ岻󣬵Ҳϼѡһͬµٲ֮ԣмС
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ҶСһɵýˣˮºһھƣָΪòһǽ⾹Ȼʵʵĳһ㣬֮ʱг֮
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ˮµΪ֮Ȼһ֮ܣʴĿгҲȻ֡ң̱ɽ˴򶯡
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ҶСԶԶıһ
þܶСӽţ
ҶСˮ¿Цһ˵תһףѾƺ«ҶСҶС񱻴˾УҲһɿͷ´ҾƣҾ˼һҲ߸
ƽޣ
Ӣ۵
Ѿߣ
һХǧɽ


ڶ ƿ
ҶСľ֮ʱҲǡÿһһнơ佣ǡǡĹ潣潣ʽƽʽ⽣ʽԽʽʽӦͣһڣǡԽƳ֮ʱ
һգգһ콣ⳤһ㻮ҹգƵаɣ佣ҫǳҲ֮ӳյðɽһƬ֮ɫԽƵɱ񱩣¶š
һδˣзɽأһХףҲΪ֮һ
һ˲ɽȻʡ

ԾƵ裬Σû뵽ᣬʫã֮ϵҲǲͣ
ˮ¼ҶСʫԴһɺʽ֮ɸǲףɵôΪ̾
ˮǰˣ
ҶСǫһ䣬㽫ƺ«׻ظˮ¡ҶСˮ轣裬ȻҲǾ̾ȴˮ½ǾƾҶС޽裬Ȼˮ¶ȻרһŽ֮ˡҶС֮ǰˮ֮ʱĶݹȴǽܹۡƾоʹﵽǸٶȣˮµΪɲ⡣
ҶСǫ飬ˮºתͷҶСɢҵķ˿֮£һ˫ȴͬһž⡣תһھƣ̾һԴЩ̾Ρ̶ʮ꣬˽Ϊ
˵ĻΪкžƶԵúҶСһҲδ塣ڿеĻƺһ˵Բζ
ҶС׷ʵˮǰˡգ˵Ļδ
ŶûʲôˮºӦһ䣬һתͷҶСվк˵
ˮ¿кţ̺ȴһ֣֮ɢһֱ쵽ҶСĽ¡
ҶСҲ¡һ̺ӣҶСܵһϢµ̺ӵͨڣ಻ϵϢһ壬㶸Ȼתůһůתھ֮Сůȥбһ·ת֮СֻǳһӴҶС㷢ϢȻȴ˵ˬоůתһȦҶСܵůҲȴ˵øΪʵȻֱΪȴպĽ֮ʱͻֻϧôҶСȴûж󣬱ѾʮʵΪһ˳ףҪȥǿʵˡ
һ£ͼһ˼ö֥Щ֥ҶСϸֲҩеļҩ֥Щֱ֥ӿڷҲвСĺôҶСʱǳΪڵĿڸиǼѡ֥һһ̺棬ҶС˵ֻϧѰƣȴҲûдʲôþƣֻܲˮǰľƺȡЩ֥ȨҸǰ¾ơ
ˮҲֵùһöȴδֱӳ£ǰ꣬תһЦ˵٣Ʒҩ֥¾ƣӹĻ㲻
˵꣬Ű֥գŴһ¡һ֥أԹЦԼһھƣְѾƺ«ݵҶСС
ˮһ֣̺Ӷ˵ͨǼֵľƺ«֮ʢȴʲôļƷ𣬶ȥֻǺ׽ľơҾƻɫЩǣһ֪׽Ҳ㲻ʲôþơһЩƶũԼ֮ˡ
ˮ֮ԣҶСδֱӻش𣬷һھƺԼҲһö֥һڣɻʵǰƺ«Ƿ֮ﵹ׽ǾƣԶڵƣǰݣ統УҪʲôƷ𶼲ȱɣ
ôԣˮЩԵõҶСһۣ˵ǣⲻ֮˵ĿˡƱǾƣַ¶統еľƺųʲô𣬿ǳ̲ﻹʲôζȥЩҩʡˣȵ˵ķǾˬڣһڣܱȫˬ
˵ƣˮ±ϲĺ˵ࡣҶСΪеĶ֮ˣ˰죬ҶСԻΪ統еļһЩһǾ¶ǣźеҶС˫۾أһˮɵûҶԨһͬƵĳ֮䣬½Էǣǰ֮ʱ˵ǼҲΪˡ
Ǿƺ«ҶСŵǣԾĻյһĻĻⷲǾƣƽҶСĴҲһһ㡣յһĻĻԼֹסһĻĻ˳һһʹҶСһʱЩˡ
ıۣһ˿ˮȻɢۣҶС֮бֻмᶨЦһֻ̾ϧǴҶԨڴ˴ȻƲ֣޾ƲӵǿԺˮǰ̸֮ˡ
磿֪ںδ
ҶСҡҡͷ˵Ҳǲ֪ȥƮĹ֮󣬱ȥѰġ
ˮ¿óҶСɫԣҲ׷ʣֻǰѾƺ«ݻظҶС˵ãҾ͵Ѱ˴磬һͬƣ
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ҶСӦһӹƺ«һڡ
˱ҹɫ֥һƣͬһ˵ˮƺҶС֮ǰľʮֺ棬ҶСЩҲٶ˽ʱ׼Ǿһȥ֮⣬һζν˳
ֱˮȣ侳ҶСÿһʱ̶ϢϢһ㡣

ɫȻֳǰס
ˮµľƺ«Ҳ֪װ˶پƣǶһҹһȴǺδһһ㡣
֮оƱ㼫˵ĹϵҶСȴҲˡһһƣö֥֮ҫҹ糩ҹɫҶСˮ±겻һˡ
һҶСԼ֮⣬ˮҲԼ¡ˮ˵ȴզ֮е飬˵ֻڽ֮ǰ¡
ѹˮһʼĴʱһɳϢԭڽ뵽֮ǰһɱɳ֮ϵĽ졣ΪӵмԵʣ׽֮ʱ书ǼѣһɱսպաֱŴڵƬеġ½֮ϵһϳ֮Ķ֮󣬵ֽ˶Էĳͷ֮ϣļȻͷǡ˳µʬסвǰһջǴӴȴҪˡһۣ侹ͻƣȻӴ˱̤֮·
ˮ֮ʱȻʮͣȻ֮е᲻࣬ȴҲᵽֿѣȴδ˵Ȼͣס˿ڡȻʲôһ㣬Ȼ˵ƣЩĿĸǡ
˵ţˮ±ҲбöȭͷСƤʺ죬ĵֽһ㣬ڶ˻ƬҶĹӳֱӵݵҶСУ˵Ǹģ
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ҶС֮Ϊڸҩ˽ԶѰʿһóȴԼδ֪ƵĹӡҩǧǧѰҩҶСʶҲͰˡƫƫһóҶСܵһϢϢ˵죬ΪǲǵŨܱ⣬ǽһţҲöԼһĪĺôһ㡣ңҶСȻҲһĪĸӦƱԼĶһ㡣
ҶСһ۱㿴ӲǷȻʶƷߵҩҶС²⣬ѾƷϵĵҩƷ׵ҩѾܹƷҩڷʿҲǴкô֮ˮǷڵʿҲѾͻ֮ˡ


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ҶСˮµƲ֪νˡҵͷһ£ɴ˵㣬±ǡô⣡ھͳ˰ɣ
һ䣬ҶСԼ˲ʧȥ֪ԼͻȻ˿ƣ˿һ㡣ۿһöһ㱻Լ˿С
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һ»ƿأҶСһʱ̽ոһöӱ֮кӰ졣һ죬ŷ徹Ȼûһ仯һ㡣öҲƾʧڣҲһټˡ
ҶСöӣ·һһ㣬ҺûļʱȻɾͶǸСˡ
ˮ¿ҶСɻ󣬱㷭˵ǹӵЧòô죬պɡ˼ѱϣܰľǸöˣͿԼˡ
˵꣬ҶСϸʣˮȻǰʧһתͷ㿴һݹʧʡ
ˮڸʲôĻʲô˼֮ʱ֮дˮµ˵һ;գ׶Ҳɣ˵׼ؼʱ̻Ч
δ䣬һֱҶСҶСһ̣㽫ץУȴһöʶһ̽ĹȻһ׶
ʱɫѾҶСɲתʽѶˮ¸ԼҩӺݷУʱȥ
ҶСԼδоõһö֮֮ǰеַδֹȻΧһϤĸоѲãȻȴǰࡣ
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ԶԶǴȥҶСԼ˵ĸоƺǰһࡣȻĵ׻һֺеĸоǴʱȴѾûּȵĸо
ҶСһ˶ڵ£ǵȴʶ̽ű˵̸֮ԡֳû˻ȥ̸ʲôˣǹڰ򡢶ڵȼ֮еһЩ顣ʱ˵࣬Ȼǹת֮¡
֮˶ǽڵʿ˵ҲûʲôؼѶϢЩ˵УҶСǷסҸʿʱ˵ǡǹˮµһЩ顣
ΪҶСڣûһʶ֮ˣˮֲ֪ڶ֮ǶߵݣȻҲĪ˴̽ѶϢһᵽˮ£˼䡣һ֪ԭˮڶʮֳȻĵλ˵Ƕ֮ˣȴٻصڡһЩΪرߣոս붫ڲʿ֮ǰδˮµġЩڵʿܹϵóʿһˮ±ϳ˭Ϊǵ֮һֱˮµĻ񣡳֮⣬˶ڵĹ϶һرϢһˮµģټɢŨԶŵĶڹϢһ۱ϳǺˡˮ²òʽڶڶǳĹ죬ϳײˡ
ҶСҲ֪Ҫʲô֮˲ڶ֮дﵽĵزȴǱĻУˮ²еĻˡһ˱ˣһǱΪˣƺδ˼ŹǺˡ
ҶСٶȥ̽Щ˱׷ͣ˿ڡΪʱѵתʽϾҪʼ֮Ҳ򿪣ɵʿҲ˲㾲ųν뵽С
Ǵ֮ڴʱ֮Ҳ֪жˣȻǾʮֿտ˵Ǵ˵һС͹㳡Ϊˡ
ǽĴʵÿһʿ֤ݵ֮ϵšҶСΪҲһһ˸ʿ֮󣬴˶Ѿ˴֮ŸŻС
˽֮ʱûʲôرģǴǴ֮Ŵ򿪵һɲǣҶСұ㶸Ȼÿÿһһ֡ΪԼյָоѾţǴʱһԼһӽ֮ʱָоȴͻȻٶŨұ֮ǰй֮޲
䣡
ҶСŸո̤ǴĽõ棬бǺȻһ£֮ǰȻ֮һƬҰסһ֮󣬲ٶȻָʶʮֶݣ濴ȥҲδʲôҶСһڵΪڶĳϸû˻ȥע
һҶС㲻ԾĳŴȥһһĻ䣬һɵĽ֮СһʥϢһĻ伸ƬҶӵУ仨ÿһ䵱жһӡҶСһ㱻𾪵ΪǷŲӲӽĻ䵱еĹӾȻˮ¸һöһ޶
ʱҶСв֪Դ˶ڣһŽһţԭ붫ûзֺϵ֮ƵúҲǧ˿ƵĹһ㡣ʱɻ̫࣬ҶСҲͲȥˮ´Ūһööһ޶ĹӣҲȥˮΪҪԼǹӣֻǾȴתеĿʼһָоתпʼ֮Щ˵׼粦Ƽһ㣬һ⿪
һεʽͬСɣҶСȻЩߴ˽ⲻࡣܹΪڵһţΪȻɲ⡣Ҿ˽⣬ҲеĶ֮˶ܹ޵ת֮ΨĴ󳹣ӵ˴컯дһʽ֮ҲǱˣѾǷڵĶš˷ˡ
˷˿ȻǴĺһ㣬ͷһɫñӣݴ飬Ѿѩ׵ü¡ʱһУ˵תʽȻʼ
ʽʼ֮ȻⲻһЩӼ֮ʽҶСҲǼ뵱пˮµΡȴǻ񣬶۳ɵĻΡ統вֻŻᱻݵģһ˵Ϊﵽһ̶֮󣬱ǻᱻΪһ־ݵġ
ͬʱڼ֮ʱʽǡȻҲǴ롣ǰһҹҶС֮ʱóЩ㷣Ǵʱ֮ȴһϲ̹Ȼɫֳ֮ûһΪ͵ˣƮȻȴûһܹϵ
ҶСʣҲ硣ҶСڸһ֮ʱǡñ˽һЦʽѾʼҲֻרʽУԹˡ
ʽУǷ˷˿УҲ˴һΪ֮еţΪȻ۷壬Ƕʿ֮ģ
ʽеķ֮˴ȥ˵ʽе˹ؼ֮ͼ÷˷棬ȡһöСУ򿪣֮һǰɫͬʯһӨչ˳Ȼͨǰɫһиǣȴɫâ˲ұӡ
˶еĹǰߣҪλڴ䴦ҶСԴһҶСĿ޷ǹɰ֮뿪ֺˣȻ֪Ķǡǰ


ڶ ඥ
תеʽǰһû̫ʵļ֮Ϊؼ֮һǹඥһǵþߡ
ڷ˷еĹǰ֮ʱµǴĽöӣνĵˡ
Ϊ˵ת֮ˣǵ֮˵Ķڽ֮ʱҲҪʲôرȥֱӽʹá֮нС
һµһϲĵȻݣҲȥӹУǴֱӴ֮нȡ˳Ǿָոմ֮ʱԭѾǽ˲Ʊȼһ㡣һ£ɽ⣬ҫĿĽ֮С
ڳ˶ڱεĿ⣬ۣʶҲ޷ԡ֮УȻһְȻľ˲ԾϲԡС
Ȼ˶ΪɽڱεУȴû˾šһԡи˶оԼһĺô֮ǰ˵תʽĴẒ֪́ڹඥ֮ʱΡԱҲֻǾĵȴȻĴඥ
˴ʱֻǾȻҶСȴ˸ܲͬΪвδڱΣǷԼͻȻһռ֮һ㡣Ǹռ֮УֻһˣĿı߼֮ƻһģӰֻӰһֱҡҡλΣ׽ȷﵽǷһˡ
ոָӴǽ֮ʱҶСͻȻܵһ⾹ȻתĽںΪһ塣Լ㴦һƬɵĽõĿռ䵱С
ҶСȻռ֮оԼУȴΪԼƯڰ֮һ㡣ֻһʧصĸоǸֲǰҵĿռ䵱޷ƶһ¡ԾŬҪĿıԵȥһȴ޷ǰнһͬʱҶС񻹷ΧռԽԽСԼΪĲϵСţռһԼһ㡣
ʱһ߽⣬ûɽɫâڳΪߵһ㼶ķ˷ˣǰ֮ڣ֪ЩâڱԼҶСնȥΪ˵ת֮˻ЩĽ⻹˵ҶСҲգЩˡڴʱ˵޸жڱΣ˷ҶСʱһ޶Ŀ۽ǴţЩԴԴϵĴϹҶСڡ
Ǹ˽ɫĹâĿռУѾûʱĸҶСҲ֪˶ãֻ֪ռСţǸռѾСҶСֻгķΧۿҪȫعҶСʱȻһ£ȻһȫҶС嵱С
ͬʱҶСҲڵһʱǸռ֮˳ʱҶСһſڣ۵ģһָҶСľЩȥտڡգһ۵һ˲ĿкжЩһ㡣
һ̣˱ҲָУ׷׳Ŵĵȥ
ҶСڴǿռ֮󣬾ȻԼƺ֮ǰûκα仯˸ոĸռ֮һЩ֮⣬ûĸоƸղŵľԼûһӰ졣ҶС֪ոԼľȻĪϵתʶҲ̧۳ųеȥкα仯
һȥҶС֪Ѿǰһ̵ˡȻǰѣǵǰĲϲǸ˵ĸоȴѾǰС˵ֱУͺһߴľһ㣬ΨӣǲҶ޷ȥ֮ˡҶС۹⿴ȥȴóΪ֮ǰûһ仯ȻһּߵĸоֺǸλʲôûУֻһƬһ㡭
ڸһּرĸܣΣոյĹඥѾ̼ˣ
ʱҶС񿴲˫ۣȻӾȣΪ˫֮гǷݵ֮⣬һֵţţһֽƿأһжյƿأ
ֳģԴ֮Ȼ֮ЧΪڻδϰʲôȻѵΪȴδﵽӦľ硣һʼΪؽֱ
ඥ֮󣬱νߵȡνĵ֮ǰ˷˻ر𽲵˹Ȼ֮šת֮˾˵֮ǵ֮Ҳֻһöѡʮǰת֮ʱȴûö֮֮һΪ֮ᾧһö֮ƾյ˵ת֮ǰΪΪ۵ʶ⣬ǵ۵ǿȶʵ̫ǿ䲢һӾɢҲҪȥġȻʶ̫ǿ˵ԪںϹ֮ʹһӱɵӡӣͷŵ̫Ѹ٣Ǳը˶Ƥ
ڷ˷˽֮󣬱һڴ飬뿴ںǵ֮γϾʱöͬԼ֮ǰЩֻһöתڶڵʷ֮϶Ǵδֹġ
öֱ֮ҲһȥԿóöһһСĳΪСǶȻö֮ĴСͬʵ̺ǿȴ޼ġڴĳ֮ԲһЩЩΪۣΪѾ֮󣬲ſʼ۵ĵȻͷСһЩȴΪۡСһЩĵʵƷ֮˵ҪһЩ
˷˸ո׼ȥժǵ֮ʱȴȻ˵˷Լɣ
Ȼںĳ̶ֳ֮Ѿתеһ롣ת֮ǰݣֱ˷˵ȷûʲôԵġֻתʵ̫죬̫һЩʹþǷ˷Ҳһ㶡ϾѾû˻ֱˡת֮ǰҲٻֱġת֮±˵ģһඥ֮󣬱ת֮˾Ѿǰһļ䣬ҲͿ˵ǻָǰһǣֻ൱ڻ˸壬ΪδȫָˡȻʱЩϰߣת˲㹧˵ͷ˵һߡ
Ƿ˷ˣͻȻ̬֮תŵڳˡոջǸ¶ΪԺԲƵ֮ˣ˵¶˵ľǸͷࡣǸһඥҡһ䣬̬ڵ˷˷˻Ҫߵĵλȷ˶Խܡ
Ȼ֮ȴһ޷ܾ̬ȡ޷ܾǲ˾ܾ֮Īľͻᰴ˵ȥڳĽΪ֮ˣһڣ֪ʶѾʮǿ󣬽ճҲ᲻Ȼǿʶá
ҶСһڣҲ̺ʶĳɷֻ֡ǷݹĳɷʮֻͣôһЩáҶСѾﵽ˵㾳磬ΪϤֻһֳ֤ڿʶǿѾԼˣ
ҶСڳ⣬һֱɻһԼոඥ֮ʱĵǷҲඥһˮ¸ԼöӵǷǵ֮ǵĻôģ


ڶ þߵ
ඥ֮˱仯ǴеʲôΪԼȴ˿ûиоʲô仯ҶСһˣɵְԲ²ĪԼඥ֮ʱĲඥһЩʲộǲΣҶСţԼıȻЩ˲ͬˣ˵׼ԼʲôϵҶСԪһֱһ⣬ǽԼĸоոûĽһ޶˵׼Ǹ˵ԼҲʲôϵ
ٿǵ֮ҶСҲԼµöӾǵһ޶֮ǰ֮ʱûʲôоѾܹĸܵġģ绯ꡢ¶һһ˿˿ľתл۵˾֮У뵽СʱЩʮֵ΢٣ҶС𲻵ʲôáɢȴڻţҶСٶȣò˶ɢͽԼΪʵĸı䡣һԼµöӦþǵ֮٣Ϊǰöӣ
ҶС²⣬ʱȴֻһɲǶѡ˼֮ʣѾժöһ뿪ģҶı㶼пήɢΪһɢֻʣû
ĸͷֻиСһСһõ֣Ҳδнô֮ģһһſڱ㽫ǵУ΢΢ĿƬ̡
˫ĿƬ֮䣬֮оŵþȻһ㡣Ϊ˵ΨҪ˶ȻٹȣǲԲ˯ҲʲôġȻʿǾΪҲϰԵĺǴʱΪţһĲΪߵͣס˺
νңʱ򣬾ҶСҲףͬס˺ĶʵҶСУȱ˶һعġΪתеؼ֮ඥþߵҶСϵܲȥģҪڷµĵ֮ǺηӦ
ݵƬ֮˫ۡȻǴ濴ȥûκα仯ˣ˶ڵĸ߽ʿԵɣ֪֮ͷŵԶδ⣬Щʿ¶ЩɻɫǼڵʿһ̩ȻģҲ֮Ӧþ˵ġ
ҶСһĻв̾µı֣ԼµĹ֮Ҳһ޶һ֤ҶСµöӾǵ֮
ڷö֮󣬱תԱߵλȥȻת֮ˣѾתɹҲֻΪڵĳϣλ֮λûҪڵһŷ˷˵ġ
˶ɻΪβȥժȡǵ֮ʱ˷Ҳʵһڣͼһתһһ֮д˳ȥֱȥǣǾ۽Ŀĵǵһ֮뻨Ҷֱӻһ̡
ǣ
˷˺ͰЩЦҲͻȻ֮תΪŭ֮ʱڳģм١ĻҶģҲԿóǵֻϸϸһ룬㿴ֻǸѡֻǻΪ棬Ѿʵܹڳ߽ʿǰﵽԼĵز
ˣ˷˵˷һЦ΢Ц˵ǵͲ֮ȥ²׷ˡ
˵Ȼ˷˵⣬ȴҲ浱ûκ·һ㡣
֮ÿÿתһ֮󣬱صһĪӦǰΪѾӦת֮˵ʲôµͨڵȻԣȻѾ˵˲׷飬治ȥˡ
ˣҶСȻǰһʶһӰƴӴ֮˳ʲôþǵӰˮ¡Ȼǽǵ͵˳Ի˸ܹԼĵΪλὫҶС񣬾ҶСҲ̫׵ˡˮ˵ĹϵҶСƺҲһЩʲôϵҲҶСԼóɡ
˵׼ˮ²֪ҶСˣ붫ڵĹϵһ֪ܿҶС֮ǰ˶Ҳ֪ҶСģǸ°ҶԨĺڼħ֮ˣ˵ĻƺҲҶСʶһ㣬ӦҲһ֪ҶС֮ˡ֪ҶС֮Ѿˣˮ¡ڼħ֮ˡˡҶС֮ǰԼ֮ǰȺ֮ʱʹһһΣδֱӻشҶСҲδȥ׷ʡȻʱͲµԼʲôأ˲Ը˵𡣿ȴδ뵽ԼȻ룬ԼЩ΢ϵ֮˾Ͷһ͸Ϊ֮ˡиǻһħ֮ˡ
ʱֳ״̬Ȼǻָ˵ļ䡣ҶСǸϣһ̩Ȼ̸Цеǲ֪γƺˡ´ǽѣǸúһˡ
תʽҶСԭַڳɢԼȻһƳʶ·ÿһطһ㣬ȴûʲôΪָоĸһȻĻɻ󣬵ȴǲպΪκεӰˡŷ֣ھඥ֮֮УûһĪǿˡ
ȻҶСڵĸоѾƽĵ׶Ƴʶĸоȷûƽǿҵһ㡣ָоȴҲһЩ仯ҶС֪Ϊʱλתʲôɵġ֮ǰ֮ǵʶһ㡣Ī˱˵Ͷܿʶָоȴ·ĪĶһĤȻǽˣȴԽĵָо

תʽȫ֮󣬱Ŵʱɵܹɵǳ϶ڴˣֱ˹ںڶʤ֮гֵħټ֮ʱȻʱΪؼҪȽѾߴ֮һƮڵƤ¡ħ˸ɾˡ
ΪֹƮĹеħټѾڽЩֵħټ֮ΪǿһɡЩħܹ֮ڲֱӽ뵽ĹУִڲĹ֪ǸȥƮڵ⣬ɶ֤Ŵʱ֮еЩħѾһСĳ̶ȣǿѾپ統еʿдӰлعҪ֮еһƬ֮ˡĳ̶ֳ˵ƮĹħټѾħһλεơ֮ǰȻҲиϢ˵ħڸټȴδֹ򣬶ֵҲûʲôرǿħ֮ӰҲһֱδЩɵע⣬ֻǵԴֱ⼸꣬ƵƵдɵħټʿʼȥ֮ʱȴһѵֱӲ˶ݵĸء򡣶ߴ֮һƮڣ
Ʈ֮ǴĲã˵Ʈڣĸ涼ҪʧӻС£һЩħѾǿ޷ĵزôѾΣˡ


ڶ ת
µһ±˵ƮĹ֮еħ壬ɢչɢȥͬʱ֮䣬ҲѾɳʿϵ޵ħǿʢˣŷ磬ȻǣĴˣ
ʤݶ԰ΪףߴΪףߴɵУҪԶΪհˡȻתɹճħȻҪѾתֵġ
˶ƾҪִ֮ʱȴڻ˵ڴ˶лλΣҸոתнһβתУǰͬʿתжм죬ԼתҲĲͬ⼸վҪ׼ճءԣħỹλְֵͬ𣬾ͻǽš˷֪λΣ
˵Ȼû˸ɣҷ˷˵Ϊν֣ʵȴһְҲʵġĻһ䣬վͬ˷˲ǡ¡ǡܡұ֮ˡȻ˵ôͷ˷ˣ֪˷Σ
˻һ˲ϸ͡ݺͰķ˷Ҳվְ
ʵħƻ֮ǰ˶Ȼֹ˴νöˡûõ϶ãȻȷһиԵʿżĶݹԵɡø֮صĴʤݵĸ֪ͨĸɴ˴δϵľ顣
֮һɸʤݵķħ֮۱㾭һЩӵĴĻ
оȻҲᵽҶСڵĶݣȴδΪʤݵıԵӣΪǱ߽֮رӵȻͬӣȴͻȻķΧദδһдʿȥפڶݣԶΪֱ߽硣һξڷħ߾֮ȴҲݺӡ
ȻҶСδδָ֮յᵽɣȴҲ֪ҲѶһβˡȷδ֮ʼϲġΪЩ߽֮ʿҪפڶݣȻҪѡһ֮ģ֮ȻЩɵ֮
ʵ֮縲֮ѣʧ꼰֮Ѿ١ҶСֻһҲˡֻǼ򵥵פҲνЩʿȻǴȥֵַ߽ţǵʱɽ߻ʵԶĵط׻һʲôģȴ˵ˡ˵ĵǣ֮һԪӤڵʿͿĴˣҪǴӰ򿪸ȥʿĻôԴ˵صʿҲԪӤʿӵģԪӤʿȻ١һʱпܻڶݷΪȻСطǲ᳤һˡ
ҶСһľ飬бһֲǴʱȴ޷ʱϻأΪƮĹòȥ֮ء
ƮĹȻҲûҶСôýΪĴСҲ֪ж١˹ķΧ֮ɡһһÿ궼˶ʿ˴˴οԲûʲôͿԽ뵽ƮĹȻᶯġҴ˴ȻէȥղСΪ˹ĹеĻء֮⻹в֪ж١Ϊεħ֮Сתһ룬˴ߴɴͷͷʿȻΪ͡һȻȻڣֻҪСĽһЩҲǱѰʱǹĹΣʲôˡνһƮĹĻȻвʿԳʵġ
뵽һ㣬ĳ̶ֳ˵ƮĹħҲһΪħʤݵ飬ÿһеʿκá£߽紦طʿʵͬŲСķգĹ֮ȻзգǻȴĹǸСıˡߴɵֲɵڱǰ˭Լռһ㡣ƮĹʿǸɵʿÿɶɳسħʿһȻҲϹƽȴԵľɢҪĿˡ
ȻʿĻȻǿ԰Ѱı׼㹻ʯġⲿʯȴǽƮڵġǽʿˣΪԴħжʿ
Ӣۡ˵л࣬Գ˻ӿֳҫ۶Ŀ֮⣬ڰл׽˾ͻȥսƣȻˡһѾǵʤݵĴжУȻĸҪһлɳˡŵӣҶС񲻶ҲδȻ뵽һ㣬ȴҲȥ룬ֻлƮĹˡһЩʯҲνģֻҪ¼ʱԼƵĵҩһЩˡ

תеĴɢȥ֮ʱȻɫҶСصסȴΪˮ¸Լԭתд֮ඥ֮ʱԼǰ仯ԭ
ڷƬ̣˼һҶСĪĴ˷ţеķǾס֮ԶһС壬ǰһˮ֮
ҶСҲĪ˼һ˿ˮ»ҵʲôһ㷢ѾһڴˡǱˣѾתУȻһµ
ҶСڴԴֹĺһˣ
ȻǰһԼƽƣȻ̥ǣˡ˷ҲֱλѾ֪ҶС߳˶ټˡ
ǺǣҶˡЦЦǸЦݾǰһƺûʲôͬ˵Ҷֱ䡮ɣ˹
ﾭת֮󣬱û˵仰˵һнɷ˷˴֮󣬾͸û˵ʲôֻһƽ͵ۡһж޹һ㡣
ģƺ֮ǰδ̫仯ȻȻ˵ҶСҲֻЦЦ֮ǰһ̬һ˵ȹףתдˣ
Цһ£˵Ǻǣʲôɵġʱǵ֮һöҶֲûпǵ̺֮ǰһΪȻʱǽö֮ȴΪƽָöֻ֮õһöʵֻһһΪˡһֹˣǵ˵ȡ˶ʵ˿ҲǱȫУҲͬǵ֮һ㣬ֻõһĴаˡԣҲ˵һεĴʿͬҲԼתͬ
һ˵ҶСĵ׳ɻ֮⣬ЩΣȴûбֳʲôȻܾʹгԼֵһתУʵǸΣҼҲԸҪȥ׷飬Ǻԭ򣿡
˵꣬ҶСȻʲôһ㣬ʵĻĪѾǾδУ
֮ʼǵһӦǵߴתˣ΢΢̧ͷյ㷱˵ȴǵһΣļҲǲȫġҺصģǲȫļƺһģǰ漸ȴȫ𡭡
ĻҶСɻȻûдееļ䣬ôԼΪҲδһתкļأ


ڶ ҹ
ҶСɻ֮ʱ˵ȱٵһּȴƲδʧֻǱҵС
˵ţָָԼԴתǷƺĻһЦ˵˵һεתǰ漸ζвͬ䲻ȫȴǱҵǰһʵڵõ֮ҾѾ֪ǵǼٵġƺҲҵǰΪ֮
ҶС˵ɻ˵һתе֮⣬ڸп˾ߴתУôΪѾﵽʲô磿ҲѹһõУδָʱΪܵ˵𾴡
Ļ֮飬ҶСȴܵԼõһĴ˵һ£ҡҡͷЦѶ֪ô£ҶĳҲǰĪˡ֪ת֮δ֮ǰʲôı仯
ҶСʵ˼һǳͶйת֮ɷĵǰ㡰ҿɻҡһ㵣ģҶС뿴תԼʲô֮
仯Ӧûʲô仯ˣҲôֻļȻǰļˣЩͻȻ֮ʱδ飬޷иܡȻתеඥƬ̣ȴļ֮о˼ڣǼڼ䵱УȴֻǺǱ˵ľһ㣬Ҳ޶ٹϵЩ䣬жδӰԼҲǲ֪ˡ˵꣬ͻȻ𣺡ˣҶģ
ѣҶĳڴˮǰܷˮǰˡ
ˮʲô𣿡ЩʵֵˮѾⶫ֮ˡһԭΪȵתġʵҲ໰Ҫȥ
ˮǰ˵ͶԵˮǰرָһЩ֮ϵ⡣Ҷĳ޶ۣδȫ͸Խվ˿ܷˮǰ
ҶС֪ʱʼ˵ѵݸҲش˵ҲĲʱжȴԽΣȴܵʵȫ֪йΪ˲ɣֻýˮµĹϵˡ
ϣ˵ٻҲ޷⡣ϾҶС񲢷Ǻ޼֮ˣʱȴһжҪ£˿Ĳأ⡣
ԭˣˮԸ죬Խ֣ҶܺĵͶܵõָ㵱Ǽѵ֮ˣ˵ģˮǼΪϤ֮һ㣬˵ֺȻҶС͵ˣҶѻ֪ɣˮѾʶֿѡЩȴǰˣһת֮ȴδѾת֮ǰ뿪˶ڣǲ֪Ϊˡ
Ļ֮ȻȻȻˮ˺Ľһ㡣תȻƶӰûж٣ʵǱʶкܻܿӰ죬ֻΪЩǱʶеӰ죬ԼҲ޷ְˡ
ʵתǰѰ˻Ϊǰһʶ̫ǿת֮ʱ˲ὫʶɡҲ˵ֻǰһ˻һǰˣȻת֮ǰļ仹棬ȴֻǵһû̫ļڰˣھתк˸ѾȫתˡһεתȴΪ֪Ϊһ֮ʱ󲿷ֵʶӡԴ֮Ӱ첢ûж󡣶˸ҲûʲôӰ졣Щӡ˵ʶ𽥱ͷſжӰ͸˵ˡϾǷӡʱ⿪³һû֪ģԼΪЩӡ⿪Խֽ˸ӰҲԽС
˵һͻȻʵҶѺҪôأǧرڣħ֮ĵǼᶨˡ
ҶСǺֱǧ׵ٲЦһ˵㣬ԭһɢޣλ΢Ϊ΢ĴҶĳҲܲˣԭֻҪƽƽһ֮أƽƽˡǣɾһ򵥵Ըȴ޷㣬ҶĳΪһڱصõĶһΣˣΪܹߴɵʿһͬƮĹеġ
ԭˡӦһ˼һЦЦ˵Ȼ²࣬Ǵǰļ䵱ȱҲ˽һЩҶܵĸоǺǣħĴУ֮ʱֺγͬһ㡭ҶǧˣԽΪҪƮĹУ¾Ͳ˵ҶҲ˰ɣҶִ֪ʲôһҪõ
ҶСƽһЦ˵ǺǣҲûʲôӵġΪ˾Ҫһöҩһζ䷽ΨƮĹваˡ
ʶ®ɽĿֻԵڴɽС
νԣԹ塣ûڳȻ֣ᷢҶСЦòȻмƣͬʲôһƽ͡
ףҶѴ˳ˡҶ³ˣԺδأ
Ȼ֪ʲôʱûෳţôһ졣»һ֮һֱͬ꣬ԪľعڳδأڱչػָΪ֮󣿡
ȴֻҡҡͷ˵ǰļ䵱ӦһҪʮߴδУİپʮĴвСǴ֮ﵽʲôԼҲ޴֪ƺǰΪĿġƺһʲô״ƲδΪĿģҲδڴ֮иһȷĿġҪȥͿԼѡˡһΪֹˣҲһټתȥǾתҲͬǰһһ㽫ʶӡȥӰһɡ
˵꣬ȻԼոת꣬ͿʼԼת֮ˣɵÿЦһ¡
統Уÿ˶Ʊһֱε㳯ǰߣߵ̫æʱԼҪ׷ʲôΪΪΣͻоǧŰپʮŸΪ˵صͬڡܴﵽ˾мأ
ҶСΪ磬ôĻشҲ֮ͬС졣ֻ֮ͬǰҪȻһҶԨҵֱϸ֮ĿˡʵҶСԼΪҲδֻǴһʼΪΪͣͶ裬ΪԼ۸ҲΪһȥϵȥΪҲ֮ͬǰһ㣬ΧĻȥϵΪֱڣĶҲ޼ΪģҲֻΪΪߣܹԼٱ˰ڲԼΪ㹻ߣͲ˶ı硣ֻҶСΪ߲ҵĵҩȥ°ҶԨ֮˶Կ
ΪҶСͷһֱͬһصʯͷѹŲػȻΪ죬ȴδܵʲô֡ȷԼѡ·ȴòȥ·ҶСΪϲŭɫֶɽҪõξǼ֮ʱҪཻ͸ʲô¡øҶСȴԷſػظ֪Ǿһĵͬһڻ֮ˣһ϶ں֮ˣ᲻ϧһΪ丰ˣŻһֱΪҶԨƣڱֽᡭ


ڶһ ֮
ҶСͬȻԭԵԭӻңԵɫɫȴѲ١ֻһøʺֳάܹ˰õĴˡΪ˹͢Сʳ֮ЩΪֵĹĶǣȴͽ͡ҳԼҪЩʲô֪ԼھתУϵΪ֮ҪȥЩΪЩʲôȴ֪ԼΪĵľԼ˸ĥڱѾ¾ԼҲתҲҪԼʶӡ뷨ԭû̫ԸҲûбĴӰ죬ֻΪȥһٴȻ˸ܵһЩתеӰ죬ȴδ˿ĸı䡣
Щ˵ɽΪ;ʵ;ȴԵһ·ľɫֻһζʵǡֱǶŷɽ˿ԶһЩȴҲδؾͱ·;֮еľɫ϶١ǰһ;ɽôҶС֮ʵǵΪ;Ϊ˲ڰɽɽȥǾɫΣҶС񻹴ûлȥȥ͹

֮в֪ʱһŵƶ䣬ԭͲرһҲ㵽Ʋʺ档ģյķҲƶڣԽԽ֮࣬ԭ˿һɫڵһƬԽѹԽͣлһĵ˸ȻԽԽͣҲȴٳû
ҶѣҪˡȻ˲Ϊǻδ̣ףҪиˡףѴɹ
֮һһĵ⣬תͷҶС˵
ôʹ˱ɡҲҪߴɵĶǰȥƮˣѼԣܹ˳ҲףΪɣԲƼ£ηЩ׵硣
Ƽ¡ҲǺһġôҶѣٻˡ
˵꣬ŲӰһ֮⡣ʱܷУǿʱٶȷʵطеʿ϶١һᣬʧҹĻ֮С
ҶСС¥ȴ֮δȥƼ£֪ԼϵһźʱܹƼһ㣬ȫˡ
ǹ˺һȴҲֻǼƹҶҲδһ
ʱҶСȻһһֱɢʶз״һ̣оͼ˲ĶݹһԽԽ࣬Ǵڵĸɽ֮зɳֱ֮зȥȥʶϸ⿴Щݹǰ֮ƵҲ֪һΪ˵áǵȼЩڵʿһǷΪ֮ˡ
ҶСɻЩͻȻʲôʶҲʶĳϷȥⲻ̽ãһ̽㷢ƺûô򵥡ΪܲϷƾȻûô򵥣ƺ̺ĳ־лһʶϢ
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֮صľȻޱߵħħɢϢȻҶСʶ°ҶԨ֮˵ϢͻȻҶС֪ΪΣǴʱ˳֣ҶСͲܰװ׷ߡ
һţҶС֮΢֮ͷȥһ֮ǰƾ֮ǰһɳһ±ܳȻû˵ĶݹƣٶȴҲ١˲ҲͬһֱƷȥ
һɲŷ֣ԭ·ƲǸӣƵϷȻһռһ㡣˶ʿ߽ʿͬʱ֣·ЩαװõһͬеħѱƾɢҶСһûԶ߿֮Ѿ߽ʿһƵΧԶš
ڸ߿ԶǱΧסһƾ˵ǰԼٶȱ״ΡʱҶС֮ʱһѾ任ΪһߴʮɣһСɽһľˡǾ˵ò뵱յǺڼ֮һ޶ĿڳǺһľ˼֮ȥһ˺ҶСĿһڵ˫ȻһΪǲǱˡźڼ׺ڿҶԨȻݣɢǹѹתرϢǾıġֻϻиڵʱǸڼʿϵϢϢڸҶԨϢֱڲŸܵҶԨԭϢˡ
ʱ˵أѾǾۼ˶ʤΪΪʿǲٿҶԨ֮ڴ˳֣֪ǺΪ¡ҶС˻δҪȥʻǻħҶԨ߲ҲȲµġƾɢħЩʿҲѻ£ҲΪ̽ħ鱨򣬺ܻܿᱻʶ
ҶСյһ߽ʿȵħ˷ߴɸڴҲ˿̽Īˣֲ㣿ȻˣͲˣһΣͽ޻أ
ǱħҶԨЦһ㣬ſЦмǣȻȻδѶȷֻǿѣûʲôʱȾһλԱ㣡
һ䣬йɢĽ±㲼һͼͼȫɫƫƫҹȴɸͻۣ˵âһ㣬ֺɫΧĺڰڣ͹Գɫ
źڿڼ׵ҶԨ̫ԲȻǴϵħֱӼЯĴͷֱӴ뿪ڳΪĸ˵˵ȥȥͼոռ֮ʣ֮ΪڸΪףѾ˷˹Щʿһƶ֮󣬺οǴʱȫ֮гָ󣬹ıͽضȾɫͷѤ˶ķʿͬʱ֣ҶСΧܹܵõΧռ֮еΪЩʿĹ֮вԼۻһЩΧ֮еԲһҶСܵΧһ֮󣬱䶼ˣ
ЩʿĹƼǿ󣬾һ˵ĸо˵ȼսԪӤʿҲ岻֣ҶСȴĿЩһµһģЩʿһ֮ҶСһʱҪǼٵĶܿ
ΪҶС֪ҶԨǱħ֮ħūӡǸ֮ˣҪΪ̽ʲôҪ鱨֮ķˣֻҶԨĴҲǺпܵġϾħūҲֻǸ֮ˡֻҪ鱨ļֵ㹻ֵöġҶСһ߲ѵıܿʶȴ֮еħݺҶԨָģֻҶԨܹƽӿΣҶԨֻҪţԼлὫȡʱЩ׽סǲԼһûбûʵʿʲôȥҶԨˡ
ҶСοǣһɲǣͿԭҶԨµŨĺħɵľͻȻÿһƶȻξ޴󣬵ĶȴΪ񡣲Ĺһ̶ᱻ¡ЩֱӺȥһȭһŽɢǾЩ̫ͣ޷ɢôҲԼҶԨסЩʲôƣһǾ˵֮У˲ص̶֮һȥ١֮ȥģǾ˵ȴҲᱻĲȱһȥԿÿֵһ¹Ҳĥ˵һ࣬Ҳͻᱻɢˡ


ڶĶ ҶԨ
Ȼ˿ڲϱҶԨʱҲǲࡣǾȻ㹻ҶԨȡʱˡˣҶСҲͷһЩ
ΣҶԨۿҪ롣ڶķʿڳݵôȥˣⶫʤݵʿδ档ǷħƵĵգи߲ʿƤ£һħ֮֮ززǸÿһʿÿһɶһΪĶ⣡
ͼҶԨĴۿҪ֮ʱЩʿҲͶ֮ģ׷׽һ׷׼˱Ǳ֮ࡣ׷ʹ˿ҵıֱҶԨȥ
ϧһʼ̫ţҶԨǴļɲǵʯ֮顣ǵһδɹѾʧһ̣úǴߴһ㣬ҶԨĿа˵ŰĴЦţ
ҶԨʱЦΪѾͣЦŻð㡣
ҶԨȥ֮ǸҲڵһʱͱ׻ɢ֮֮ǰǾɵһҲٶ֣±˻ȥ

ֱҶԨʧ֮Щĸ߽ʿǲһȻһĿɿڴԭء˶̵ʱڽ˴߲һ򵥵飬ٻŨħɵľʵҲ̫ǿһЩȻܹס˶ķʿͬʱΪ󣬲õҶԨ˳롣
￴һҶԨչֵʵѾ൱ڱķʿ֮Ҳϲ׵ʵµľӦҲ򵥣ӦòҶԨƾʲôٻܿһʲô취ٻ֮
ҶԨĳֵ뿪صЩ緢ħ֮˸һ֮⣬˶ʶħʵʤݵ߲Ǳּʿǰȥĸ޴ţ֪ħʵܿԶ²⡣ǰʤڣ֮е嶼ħʵ¹㡣ɳǰȥˡ
ȻǴôѾħҶԨ֮ܵҲױ·ʱ伫̣Եۿµʿ̫ࡣҶСĽʿҲֻм˶ѡʱ飬һɢȥӰ춫ʤݵĸ߽ʿڽħʿΪӰ졣Ϣһȥ̾ͻ˴ùˡ
߽ʿǴδҶСҲȥ룬¾ɢɢԼûʲôӰ졣ֻҪȥ£ȥԱ˵ˡĵڼ֮
ҶСڿ˼ͬʱĸ߽ʿ֮Ҳ¡մ⣬һǹתһ£ǽֵķħƻˡ˵ڼ׵ħ֮Ӧ̽ħƻĿԴһЩǽյľʵûʲô֮ĻѶϢǲڴ֮ϹȥġѶϢʵֻյ̽һֱ׽ȥڳʿһЩһϸ룬벻̽ڷħļƻôһһתˡ
ҶСЩ߲ʵҲơ֮ǸҶԨ֮˻ᵽѡҶСв²ѵ˿еѾָҲ֪ΪΣֻǸҶԨϣܷǿܡ˵ֵסڳʿĹɹ֮⡣Ǻڼ֮˻֪¸ҶСʶڤڤ֮еɰţû뵽ڴ˵ܼ㣡ƺҶԨ鼫Ҫħɡҵ㣡ƾڵΪҲ̫СһЩҪõסԼ
˵ĻûʲôӪֻǺѰкһ㣬ҶСȴҲóѶϢһԼҪסһμԼ֮ʱҲֳԼʶʱȴδ˵ܹ˶߽ʿڳ֮ҪĸҶСȻҲǼ򵥵顣ӦòǼ򵥵Ĵкѡ֮ԺпܻʲôĪǣƮĹлʲôõΣգ
ڼ֮˽ˣ뻹תйءҶСҲ²Īһ˻Īħ֮ʲôϵҶСҲ˵Ĺϵħ֮ҶСʶеĹϵ͸ӷ׷
ȻЩǱϵĲ²⡣ǸҶԨħ֮˵Ƿ񱳵ʲôĿģǺ˵ġֻݣûбҪȥƭҶСһеͽʿġ
ΪǰһյڶڵʿҲǲ֪ġֻ֪ڶһͿĸ߽ʿɫƵģЩʿģԭıʿһءȻжҶСֱӰıǱƮĹʿҲһһΪ࣬ƵżٶȷſϧſſҲֻԸɺЩԪӤϵʿҶСĽڣûʲôʿҪʯܹġ

ڶյһ磬ҶСȻûĽƮĹʿУŴӵʿƮڡΪǿƮĹӡĽȺһֱ룬ҶСЩʱ䣬ƮںȥＯʯҲüġ
ǧʿͬʱƮڣĶݹ⵱ˡնɫѤõĸɫݹǣƺҶСУҲܵ˼ִսǰĸܡ
֮ҶСһͬƮ֮СҶСΪǴƮĹʿԱõʱϢ֮ǾƮĹԶһҪɹȥƬʱѵľ롣
ԶԶȥƮĹڵ֮ϵľͺһ޴ķյĸһ㡣濴ȥĹڵ֮ϵĲֺֻ㣬ȴÿһ㶼аߣǹĹĻ˻Ĺֻһ֮ͨҶСԶԶľͿǹĹԽֱ֮һ㡣һɵýˣԿĹǵĵΧҲǼΪģԶԶȥǰϸߵĸ
ҶСûãϸ鿴һĹǸһɽͷִʱĹΧѾһסֻ·һڡҶСһʲ֪ʱĹֹ֮֮ͨʦоƽӡ֮ǲ˽дŵġ
ˣҶСҲֻΧ㿴ˡδ뵽ǣȻ֮ǰƽӡĽȲ룬ҶСû뵽˴ʱѾչȥȻƽ֮δҵڻоȥƽӡ룬ӦѾƽĹˡϾҵ˷ǿƽӡҪĵʱҲǲ̵ġ
ҶСջصס˵Ƿӡƽ֮¡ԭǽ֮ˣƽӡһԪӤʿʦܣԣڷӡƮĹķӡһķӡõַ֮ƺں嵱Ѿʧ귽ǷӡͼǿټںһЩЩʦδַƽ͸ˡԾͲ˵ʱʼƽ⣬ҵƽ֮ʵҲңңڵˡ
ϢʿĪһħһεбпûôֹۡҶСҲǸΪһЩΪɲȵȥʱƮĹе¥ʯѾˡҲƮĹһҪȫ߱鶼Ҫиʱ䡣ʱӦûرȡֻڴЩʦܹҵƽ֮ˡ


ڶ ٷǳ
ҶСתһ룬Լע¥ʯƮڴʱΪŰɡΪÿӡһ̣ͺܿƮĹоʲôŵıħ°ˡƮĹҶСһ¥ʯеĲ׺һڰˡҲͰĵȥˣʱＯĹʯ;һЩΪ
ҪＯʯҶСһƮ֮ʱѾҵƮڵĽԼĵҩóһСּּ۲Ǽ򵥵ĳ۸һָһʯǴ۶ѡǴ۵ļ۸ҶСƶġΪʱֵǳʱڣҩƷļֵȻҶСƵĵҩƷױѰĵҩߣʱ۸Ҳ߳١ţƾƵĵҩֻҪ˷ùһΣͻᷢеһڽмһС֣ΪԼĵҩܹ۵ķΧ㷺Ƕֱչߡۡ
ڷǱȵҶСҪõʯɶҪԼƵĵҩгԼҪһԱʱ֮衣Ȼʱ΢ķһЩ鷳һ㣬ܹһЩʯҲֵˡʱһζ۸ҲǿԵġ
ڰЩҩ֮ҶСصסƣЩҩȫٻҪ졣Ա㰲
֮ǰھתкδ̫ʱȥ̽ڵֻƽʱ̽һ£ֻǶ̶̵ļչȥҶСڵѾһ˿ܹԲõı仯ⲿֱ仯ڵӰˡÿһʱһɢڻǿţʹҶСΪȥҲšȻʱҶСԱճأĻǵ֮ҩͿյĸϼˡҲˮôѵԼǰ㣬֮һһΪôѾתεΪеȻһĵزѾҶС֮Уеɢ뾭ٻ۵֮СΪѾȫֽ⵽λɢҲܾȣ֮ĳһ̫Ũˡһ֮ȥҩ׵öˡҶС㣬ɢҩٶȣѾҪ൱ȥٶˡ
ٹҩɢٶٶȼǿôԼǲҩɢٶҲܹϵԼճˡһ൱ҶСۺʱεضȫһ㡣ȻҩɢٶȺܻܿһֱȥҶСЧ侭ǿԶѰʿɢҩٶȻﵽʲô̶ҶСԼҲ޴֪ġһһôЩĲϻ֮УҲ൱ʱҶСһǵʱƮĹд˳־սҲ̫ˡЧã൱ԴԴϵĲţ־ûܱġ
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ɢٶȶҶС㿪ʼϸ֮дۻɢ뵽֮СۻɢɢĻвͬۻΪ֮еľȴӾһ֣䱾Ѿת䡣ն٣ʿѹȣֻҪҶС㹻Ծȥɢһ˵ϸеۻҶСٶȱûҶСٶȴǱЩӵƷ֮˻Ҫ
֮䣬ҶСۻǵҶС񶼵õ̫һЩҶСЩǷڹԼǵˮ»ԼʲôأۻõҲ̫һЩһڰ˶ɡֵƤ¶δ֣Ҳֵ˻֮¡
ҶСԽԽԼ˺Ǵһʼ类˰źһ㡣֮֮ȻҶСҲ벻͸ɴ¡Ŀǰ֮ԼǼˡ
˳ԺҶС㿪ʼЩֱתΪʶϰȹķһԭһ㱻ݳáԭӯľ˲µĿȱɢٶȾȻļȻ࣬ǿȱ˲١
ΪҶСתΪʶֱΪҲȥֻٶ̫Ϊˡ
ҶСΪѾһж˳ΪǵһΣܿܵԼõۻ͵ԼļôʱٶȻﵽһٶȣܹܵٶȲϳʵԼΪҪòŻܹԸܵΪЩ΢仯ҶСȴÿһÿһ붼ܵõԼĽøʵΪһַ֡һ˿˿šʱٶѰʿҶСӰѾҪԱԵˣƮڵƷ
ҶС֮ʱȴҲδȫСһ˳ҶСʶ㿪ʼһ̽ԼԪѰһඥ֮ʱںԼڵĽ⣡̺˵İΪô֮ӦþǰĴʶˡһ˵֮Ҳ֤ʵѾоΪԼڴ֮ȴûһ仯أЩڽԼںʧˡڴ֮ʱҶСҲע⵽ԼԪһֱصһֽʱҲг֡ƺĽͬһһ㡣
ҶСڳ֮ǰоһػԪһֱڣŷƺǽĽ⣬һֱ˽죬ҶСҲ֪ǽԼСԪеĺδһЩΣ֮ʱػԼ⣬ֻЩʲôӰ졣ǷݽʵͬСɣֻϧ޷ȥٿҶҲ

ת֮䣬ҶС֪Ѿҹ
Ʈڵ֮һ֮дʱĸ߽ʿЩʿвڵʿΪ͵ҲԪӤڵʿЩˣƮڵĸ߽ʿɵЭƮĹħĸ߽ʿǡ
ǴʱۼڴˣΪȴƮĹķӡƽ֮¡ЩʿѾƮҹǷӡƽ֮ȴûκεͻơѵ㣬ǼѾʧ˷ӡƽ֮˻һͬۼ֣Ϊһֹ֮ͨķʿԳȴ޹顣ߴ֮һίеһϣڶʤ֮жڽ֮ľͨѾǶĴڡ޼ƿʩͺܿѾʤݶûƽƵġ


ڶ ҩ
˶޼ƿʩǺã֪λɻʲô취
ֻһ˳ü˵
Ʈ²ˡոѾίɵ˽ӡƽ֮еѴƺҲȷ޼ƿʩˣȻҲ޷ƽ⣬ֻǿƳҲѡҺʱҲ֪ҪãܹܿǿƽӡҪϸʱ䡣ʱȥƮĹʲôˣʱĶͱħ֮°ߵʣ޼ˡ
Ʈһֱû㹻ȥƮĹеıﾡȡһֱɵĸ߽ʿĹУ˵ȥǵıһֱȻĹҲ⿪ţʵһֱȴֻԪӤڼµʿ룬Ϊ޷µ漸ģ漸ıȻƮȡ߲١˽ҲνġƮĹĵ¼㻹һֱŲ֪ٱƮΪľǴ㹻ʵʱԼȡȴںܿҪħˡ˽ΪƮ᲻
˶޼ƿʩһ֮Ҳûʵʰ취²ҲֻþϾͿʼǿƽӡ׼һ׼ɣͿʼǿƽ⡣Ȼǿƽⲻ֪ҪʲôʱҪĶϾһ칥ƿͶһϣһ棬Щоӡƽⷽɻоҳ˻ǰȥо֮⣬ͬʱаļ޻һЩ֪һЩΪǰʿ
²˳٣һ´㿪ʼж
ʿƮͻȻΪƽӡͻƣ׷׻ܡһ֪ܿܽƽ⿪ˡ

ҶСΪı仯Ҳ֪˼죬תѹ֮ǰΪٶ̫죬ڽ֮ЩᣬԸΪֻ֮ϧȴǱչ֮ʱ
һҶСֱڸȥһ̱еĹԱΧΧȴĻ⣬ҶСǰճ۵ĵҩڵһ˼ö֮󣬵ڶձ㱻һˡ֮Ҳ˼öһЧһŷ䵤ҩвŨԶͬ׵ҩڷ֮ûκεĸáѾƷǸƷײŻ߱ˡ˵ĵҩǼΪļƷҲЩʿҪǰȥħĿԿָΪ֮˲緢ҶСҩԵǼʿҶСĵҩȫ֮⣬ҲʼעҶС۵ĵҩ
ˣڷҶСĵҩ֮󣬾һֱڵš⼸첻¾Ҫɳ˵̽ҶСˡڵҶСšһҶСŻ˼
ҶѣҲֱ˵ˡ֪ƵƷҩжٴڳۣ
һҶС񣬼򵥿׼֮󡣽еһλԪӤʿֱҶСʵһҶСһλʿӴѾԪӤʿҲҶСӳ̶ȱ仯
ʵҪöҶСԼҲδģֻȡƮĹʸʯˡʣһ֪ϣҶСĵҩܹڳ۵ԽԽˡ
ҶСĵҩЧȻЩ˵ע⡣ڿƵĵҩƺʱһüǮҶС¼ʯ⣬ûʲôرĵطʯȴ̫ࡣʵ֪ʴ˻Ǻ⣿Ʒҩ»аöڳ۰ɡ
ֻаö
ϵĵҩҲֻôˡѵǹҩ̫٣Ը¼ô
Ҷˣ˵ΪҶѵĵҩֵߣԶͬҩǽرעġʱǳʱڣҶиĵҩʱ۵Ȼһ׵ջģ
ǺǣϧϵĵҩȷֻôˡǼʯǲЩԼƵĵҩġ
ԪӤʿЩŵҶСʵЩҩҶԼƵģ
ҶСص֪кβ𣿡
ʧʧҵȻΪЩҩҶʦ֮֮ȴδ뵽ҶֻнΪ֮ϵд˳̶ȡȻҶԼƣβһЩüǮأʯ˲ӳ⵽ʲôʱǴô֮ﰡ
ǺǣǿȻҲ֮롣ҶĳҪߴһͬǰȥƮĹȥҲûôʱȥƵҩġ
ĹһҶС˵ȻЦǺǣҶֽ֪ǹĹķӡ֪ʱƽ⡣ίɵķڵ˶޼ƿʩҶҪĹ֮УҪʱ䰡
ǹĹķӡǿҶС񾪵⼸һֱڱչͷϸ

ʿΪƮڣ˾ְ֪ȻҪ˶һЩûһ㽫ಢ⴫Ϣ֪ҶСȻƮĹķӡ޷Ҳнǰʯ׬ǻҪ׬ģ˵ƮĹ¾ˡ޵󷨴ʦЭƽ⡣ҵҲǼҶѵĵҩȷټƷҩʱǵԸ⣬ֻаöҩҽҲѴ۵ġҲǴۣҵȽҶѿļ۸屶Ϊ㣬Ҷѵĵҩ֪һ۸ҶѿĶɷԸʱһЩҩ
屶
ҶСоԭ۵һСҩȻֻǳԣǼ۸Ҳǲ̫͵ģÿһöļ۸ҲмʮöнʯġԤƣܹٷһļ۸ѾˡڶԷֱӿ屶ļ۸ôÿһöһʮöнʯˡһöһǧöнʯ⻹ۣ滹ֵٶ˵ġ
Է֮ߵļ۸ҶСҲ̲סĶöƷҩҶСڵƳһ£ȻԷ˳ϿңҶСܲȻҧסڲţһ£˵ǺðɣڶһöҩһöƷ߽׵ҩͰйˡ֪ѾΣ
˼Լ˶Ŀ࣬ҶСǼһöҲˡʵרְʦмϻöҩģҶС˵Ҳ֪ӦõȷûʲôˡҲٷ˵һЦ˵ǺãӶҪѰ۵Ӷϲٵġ㻹ҪҶ˵
סƷҩѾˡ
Ѱ˴͵ĽǲƷҩֳҩģҶСȻһ㳢ԻеġĶԷ˵֮ʱŻм־ȵġ
ãô˵ˡ֪ҶѺʱԽأ
˵ҶСóĸƿݵʿ˵һöҩȽѣʣµһö֮󽻻֪ɷ񣿡
Ȼԡ⼸ǽҶѵĵҩоһ£⼸һ¡ô͵Ҷѵһҩˣ
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˵꣬ǽԪӤʿҶСһö֤ҶСڽм˰öҩƾ֤ȥ
֮ԻΪҶСҩʵΪĵǵӶ𣬶ĵҩһرߴɵĽ֮ҲžģҶСʱ۵ֵҩֽҲһˡʱҲ


ڶ Ϣ
⽻ԪӤʿ֮⣬һֱ켣̵֮УҲż̵ּıʡδ˵ֵⷢҶСҩص㡣һĵҩΪûиãЩ߽ʿ⣬ɵĺʿʲѵʿ˵ҶСĵҩȻѡЩɡΪ˱ڵĺֻҪãǶʯûġ
ңڽҶСƵҩĸ߽ʿҶСĵҩ֮ƺһ˿رϢȻֻǺϸ΢һ˿Ϣȴһ˿侫رԵԪϢһڣʿĵӤ֮Щ΢Ӱ졣
ʿĻ̵м壬ศķע֮඼ֱҪҶСƵĵҩЩ涼˵ЧʿһֱҪҶСһЩҩǷԣһԱԽԽʿ֤ʵи׷ҶСĵҩôǱԽ˻ὫҶСĵҩ۸ˡ
öҩȻէ࣬ȴҲһõĿˡϾҶСҲҶСϲжʯ֮ˡţֻҪһʼҶСһЩͷԽ£ֻҪڣպصҩóô
ϧδ뵽ҶСǴƮĹһ֮ͻ뿪ˡ
ҶСҲ֪ԼƵĵҩѰҩƷ׸֮⣬һЩضȴʼղ֪ԼΪ֮ʱʹõʹһ˿֮ڵҩ֮УڷõʿЩ΢áȻЩ΢ȴҲĵҩûеЧһҩ۵ĶˣôϢҲͻŨʿҲЩԵӰˡ

ӽҶС˳·̽ƮĹķӡƽһʣ֪Ȼ罻˵ǰ㡣һʱûа취ƽӡˡ
ҶСȥ֮󣬱׼ʼƵҩǽƵƽѾͣͽ׶Σƺһжڵȴ޵ĸ߽ʦˡҶСѾ֪Щ֮еĴ֮ŴӸ֮ϵģ⴫һҪ׼Ҳǲ򵥡Щ߽ʿЩʱġ
ڣҶСҲϣ޽˵ʦˡʱ֮պÿüʱƳ㹻ĵҩȡЩʯʣµʱ㹻Գϰˮ´Լ׶ݷˡԭҶСΪʱͿƽ⿪ӡ֮ǰδʼϰڿʱ䲻֪Ҫ٣¸µֹסġһ˵׼ڽĹǰҶСڶϻСɡ

ҶСѾΪ죬ʶּǿһղϵƣֱһöĵҩƳ¯ֹͣơ
ҶСƵҩЩƮڵĽ֮һƷʸߵƷҩ֮Ѿ˿ȥĽԸ߼˼öȥһ֮㷢е֮һЩڵҩͨΪ㹻֮ˣԷҶСĵҩڱƷϼѡ񣬼Ϸúûиõ֮£̺һ˿ĶʿкôĻϢ
ΪƮڽеʿ֪һԣǰյнһֵĵҩȥǵöҩ㷺ɢȥȻⵤҩһȥ֮۸һ߹һ졣ֱ˵죬಻ɻƷҩ๺ʱ򡣽ŹҶСĵҩǼֵ֮ԡȻйǻϢ֮ΪҪ˵һ㡣
꣬Ĳַ졣ȽȻǰ漸֮ʱ۸ԵһЩһ˺ͻȻԣȻʹǰδǹ̫ٵʿΪźں᲻ϧǮȥġЩǰѾһֵҩʿҲΪⵤҩǻ۵һЧԣҲȫȥĵҩⵤҩļ۸Ҳͱ
սǰϦʱΪ˵ľǷɽҩ⼸ƷиҩͻȻһֵҩȻΪĿġҩļֵߣƮڽҲͱĸһˡ
۵ҩίۡȥ๺õҩҵҶСıˣҩܾ

ȻϣҶСĵҩȥ֮󣬹Ʈڽһ쵤ҩϢѾܿ͵˸ɵʿС
ʱƮڳίɵķʿΪƽӡˣļ˵ΪʿԪӤڡ
һǡ´ӹĹлƮڣһ㷢һټ֪ԭίɵϯӡϪ
Ϫԭһ¶걻ίɵһֻڵĵͽʿⷢ֡ϻۣ㽫˽Խίڡίߴ֮һںϸƽ׶һˣֻǸͯҲǲ֮¡Щ߽ʿ㽫Ϫ͹׽磬ҪͷԴ˻֮ʱȴķϪȻƾеļ֮еĶĿȾӵһ˿˿Ϊһ⣬עӡһ֪̽ίȻӵ֮ˡΪ䱻֮ʱ֪ȡίɵΪգΪϪ߼񵽣ȡ˸ϪΪϪ
Ϫڶʮǰһڱȶ֮Уʮʱһ̨̤ǵһ̨̤һٶ˵ϯӡ֮ÿʮһεαȶ֮ʮȥίͬʿвδͬ׷ϣԽԽԶ֮ǰϪѾ˳׵ԪӤΪϪһ츳Ե֮ˡڸոսԪӤڲգõĦ֮꣬Ƴ˱ˮĽ顣ˮǶƷɽ˽飬ƸֱһƷĶ׷ɽ
ϪȻֻԪӤΪս֮ǿѾԺѰԪӤʿǱίЭƮĹ֮еħʿ
˵ϪʱӦڰȴٻǰȥħġʱͻȻˣȻҪ¡
һõټͼϪһֻн𵤳ڵʿǰ򵥿䣬Ϫ㽫˵壬ԭһ𵤳ڵʿˣΪľʿеöҩ
ʦ壬öҩĿϪΪʶҩֻ֮һöҩԲδԷãʦ֤ǷһĻϢġ
Ϫİѵҩʸ˺˵Ϫ֮ǰһֱڱչأⵤҩ֮»ʿŴԺŻ߼һöҩֹ֮ȻЩر𣬱ֻ˲ԼܵʯһöһȴûԼ£Ϊöҩδü֮ʱȻ̺һϢϢȻ֮ǰδܵϢǴҶô˵ӦûдģҲ֪Ҫԡ㽫ⵤҩʸϪǵҩĴԾ֪Ϫ
ίڵϪʿ˽ĸ࣬һ˵ⵤҩһĻϢ̽һ¿ʵ۹ⲻ÷£Ѿٸܵⵤҩ̺֮ǹϢȷǴٲѯ֮ʱŷǽѾֵͣҩҪֻеȵպˡϪΪţȴΪֻһöҩ˼һת㽫ø˾Ʈڵ˿ΪǲԷ£Ҳǲῴġ


ڶ ίϪ
Ϫ֮ԻΪһöƷҩȥŷڵʿΪ֪ίɵֵؼ֮Ҫ¸ֻ档ֽΪ䵫ҵõĻ涼Ѿѹεòࡣ޴ѰⵤҩĻϢ˵׼ŵ
˽ӹ˵ҩֻĿһɨ㿴䵤ҩԡɵþ̾һⵤҩƲ϶һ㣬ɫ֮ϿóƵַҲرϸơӦһʿ֮Ӧͬһ¯ͬʱöҩġⵤҩ̺ŨȴѰƷҩܱ⡣ΪֵûҩǴϻƷóƷӦֻƷн׵һֵҩˡ䵤ҩĳɫȴƫƫƷϽףһϽ׵еļƷɫһرˡ
ָ΢öҩƯһ⽫ҩסһ˲һöö˶˵ӫҫĵҩ㱻ֽ⿪һ͸ϢƵе֮СϵķһöƷҩ˿ֱӷֽ⿪ʹ뱻˷һЧ䵤ҩ̺֮ĸһٷֽ⿪ˡ
û˿ʣѹⵤҩڱ˷֮ûκεĸá
Ϫһɵҩһ˵ͬʱаҪεȵ֮裬ܽеҩ϶ΪȻһ˿ҲδֻҪһöҩڣȫΪûʲôʴȻʲôˡ
ǺǣϪȻٿʲô
Ϫ˿⣬㵽ָ֮΢΢죬һҲʼķӿ
Ϫ鿴֮ʱԱߵʿȴʲôûпֻõһɵˡȴҩҩⶼ޷ƵġʵѰԪӤʿҲܹü滹жȴǿеǷʵġΪϪܹһ㣬˲Żڳ޵ġ
Уԭ⣡
ϪĬĬţͬʱ˫΢΢𣬽һŵҩͻȻ䣬ڵкƿһ˿ͷ˿һϸ΢ĳɫϢƵһһټ֪л֮㿪ʼȫѰһ˿һŵĳϢһϸ̿˸ȻҩоȻһ˿ĴܣѸͬһĳɫϢһϢ˵ĸоһֻϢֻϢҲѰĵӤǲͬĸо
һϪһ˿ĳϢ˱һʦһ㣬ָ죬㽫ҩ֮еһȥֻһ˿ϸ΢ĻϢƬ̺󣬹Ȼ֮еһ֮Ѿû˶ֻһ˿˿һϸĳɫϢڲܡ
ʦֶΣϪܽˣ
˽һöҩ˿һгɷ֣ϪĴΪʴӱַҲֻǿһΣһζѾԼҲ˲ˡ
ǺǺǣȻһĻϢף
˻δ֮ʱһΪۼһ˿ϢҴһ֮ͻȻȥ˵꣬˵ɡΪһΧ⣬ȴҲΧֱ˵ƳȥԽĿƣϢҲΪΧϸ΢
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ϪǺһЦͰ޵˰ˡ㵹ۼֿ죬зִ磬
Ϫ֮ȴû˿Եɫǫ˵ʦޣӻ֣̿ϪнճɾͣǶʦλʦǰƽնָ㡣
ǺǺǣҲǫˡ㿴һ˿ϢΣ
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ǾԵȥˡͬСɣɻһЩڼ䵢ЩҲǲ׷ġ
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ϪѾ˻еͿ֮⣬˵ʩˡ

һ߳˵ķ䣬ϪóһнʯݸߵʿУ󼸾仰ʿȥ
Ǵʯһ֣֪пнǧöнʯнʯѾѵĽʮˡ֮ʱϪŵºͣ±һнʯϪ֮ȥ̽ǵҩϢˡ
ȥϪҲһȥڽ֮ʱԳһ˿ײЦݡ֮Ҳֳһ˿Եԭŵһ˿˿թĸо
ί־֮УиֹϵӷӡԴķҲֵԸΪ츳ԼɵĹ֮ࡣϾһ꣬ʵѾʼֻļʽв֪жνĹϵָڲϵ֯ͬͨһһϪһԹ¶ݽ֮˲һ׵顣ȻУί֮ȴǶһ˵ǰĶٱе֣һʿоˡܹнΪĵλ츳֮̿⣬и˼ܣΪ˴֮ϵĽȫ
һϪƮĹǴҪһջĿģǵҩеĻϢίãôȻһ󹦡ŵĿеλؽһ֡ܿرĵҩƮõıǹĹеıΪҪһ
ƮڵڵȷǱ׵ã󡣲Ϊǵҩ֮еĻϢ̫ϡ٣ϪԼȴҲȫȷǡƮУ˼һת뵽ϪķʿжǳԸ͡ϪΪ·ҲǵᷳܿΪϪڵֵĲ׶ۿҲΪϪ֪˵Ըǲ̽ҩ֮ʱŸǰΡΪľǼڱԼʵ֤Ϫжȷġ󲻽ǵԵȷֵȥһ˼ֵõ˵ĺøСҴһɣһҲֵһһϪԼĺô٣Ϊ⹦͵Ĺټһ˶ĺøС


ڶ ۵ҩ
Ϫһ°ȷһٶ֮£δΪؼ֮ھͿȥ֮ˣȥʹԸ۵ҩϪܹ£ίˣ
ͬʱίɷҶСĵҩԣҲֵҩԼкô׷˹һҪȫЩȻҲ˸ܵһ˿ϢڸԵкôҲϣøĵҩȴûίϪǰǿҡϾǶֻҪһ˿ϢԼΪĺôίǰǶŵáҲֻ뵽Ҫȥ漸ĵҩУȴûϪһ㣬ֱȥҵҩԴͷǸƵҩ֮ˡ
ȻųƺõһöҩǰȥҶС񻹲֪Ѿڴע⡣ԼҲδ뵽Լĵҩû֮󡣾ǵҩѰҩͬúûκθûһص֮ʱŴ˿˵Ŀе֪ǻϢԼҲǲ֪ġ
ʵǻϢں˼ϸ΢һĻϢΪоҶСĵϢֻռǧ֮һıԲŻῴȥһ˿ɫ׷ܱ⣬ֻҪôһ㣬ѾԸıϢЧˡ
ҶСһԪӤڵʿӴһҶС񣬱һЦݡ
ΪһҶСĵҩɲǸȺôԼʯҲǲ١ΪҶСĵҩļ۸ѾһѰƷҩ󼰵ĸ߶ȡʱⵤҩһʮнʯΪǸۣһʱԽܣڼмǰҶСҩʿȻۻھ֮󣬱㶼浽ʲôҩִֵšַ׷׶һöȥһ£һԲŷҩȻһһʮöҩÿһöļ۸Ѿﵽöнʯ
һ۸ҶСԼһѾ̫ϡʿһҶСı飬֪ȫ֪ԼҩеԣøƵĵҩ֮мֵߵĲΪһöƷҩĹԣһ˿쵫ǶʿкôĻϢ
ʿ֮ԣҶС񲻽Ƭ֮ҶСǼƿҩʿ֮󣬿˵һһʮöҩҲͷæˡ
һһʮö֮ǰ˵õһöôĪǵƶˣѵĵҩѹơиҪǽҲЧ͵ġ
ǺǣˡҪһöǶʮö֮
ҶСһſûҩһ־ҪԼʮöѾʮֲ׵һݴˡҶСͻȻһݴ͸ɵΪ⣬ʵ֪Ϊν˹֮£ҩ֮±ҵ񡣵ǻҪ󾡹˵ǣ˺ġ
ҶС񵭵һЦصҲͲˡˣȷһʵʲô£ϣҩ֮ʱܹ±ܣ˵ȥⵤҩ
ԭǴ¡
ʿʵݱǽӦҵҪӦеһΣҶСȻΪһγ־£ʱԼʮֽġʿȴҲδƴǣֻౣ֤ԼȻҶСסݣй¶֡ȻнΪֹ֪ҩҶСʿȥ㡣
ʿҲʮ־Ϊٹƴǣɡֱ£ģҲͼҶСĵҩڻڲļ۸ʮöҩһСĿˡ
öԷ£ҶСŷڶԷǰʮöҩõļöнʯԼ֮ҶСҲٶȥ
ǬеĽӽöнʯҶСɵ÷ƺʯ׬ȡҲûôѡһ֮󣬺ܿҶСԺ󶼲ȥκηʽԼƵĵҩ٣ԼΪԱ֮ʱǲȥЩҩˡΪҶСδע⵽Լĵҩ֮оȻںϢֻһ㣬Ҳһʯ޷򵽵ļֵΪҪǣҶСԼĵҩ̺ʲô˿ֵڸԼҪ鷳
ƥټ򵥲ˡȻʮöҩ۸٣ǶҶС˵ȴ㲻ʲôףҲٻ㲻ˡ

ҶСڽҲ˽һƮĹӡƽƺ⼸֮ûʲôչ޵ʿƺδҪȵƽ⣬ңңڵ顣ûмûпˡ
ҶСһصסŲȫΣȥĸȥֻ͡ȵ֮󣬵ǽȡҩʯˡ
ҶСȡˮǼһ׶Ƿӡƽ⻹Ҫһʱ䣬ҶСʱϰһ׶ֻҪСɣټͲٶȣؽΪһ̡ҶСǱ׷ɱľйΣڶȷҲϣܹϰһײĶˡ
УʮƽΣ
ʶһ̽룬ȿʮĸ֡ˮµ׶ΪжݷĶ
һϰҶСȴԽݷǰһ顣νʮָļ졢µءϡšλȥδʮ⹦ͷᵽʮ磬Ȼʵ⹦ҲܴﵽƳʮĽ֮ܣȴڿԴﵽǽӽν⵽ľ硣νʮӦ׶ݷʮ㾳ѡ
ҶСһţաԾ˽ڣƾҲѾ׶ݷ˲⡣
һ磬ҶСһѾǽеʿԼ֮ա֮ǰǽһöҩֻʮöʣµʮöҶСָǵһöȻѾҶСһȡʯһʱרˡһʮûҩӦҲĳ˲ʯ˶ʯǷԼϰһЩҲҹζࡣ
ҶС⼸һֱŲҲδȥעԼĵҩĳʲô۸֪ΪĵҩƮڽٶԶԶ˳ȥΪǾȻ˵öƷҩ۸ﵽһǧöнʯۡѰһЩҲ۸ˡֻһöƷҩһöȴѾϵ˼ҵİö۸ˡοΪ𾪻ֹڴˣΪǼ۸ﵽǧöʯĵҩһһööҩǧöнʯ߼֮ǰĵҩ۸Ҳ߰˰öнʯλġ
ҶСһʮöҩȻһʮöҵнʯۡҶС˽ȡҩõʯ֮󣬲еԪӤʿ˵ҶСҩ֮Իĵ۸ΪĵҩͬʱСƺᵤҩ־ڱصãŻʹҩļ۸һٸߣһֱ̧ǧöнʯƷҩ˵ߵ׵ۡΪ۸ߵʵǿһЩһѡ˷ҶСԼĵҩױ˭ȥ֮ʱԪӤڵʿȴֻҡͷ˵ȥ˵ҩʿݡҲ֪Ǻηʥ˵Ĳƴ֡


ڶİ 
ҶС˽һ£˲֪治֪ǲ˵˭ȥ˵ҩҲ׷ʡֻȡʯ뿪˽
õҩļ۸񲻵ͣһٶȳ֮⡣
ǶҶС˵ȴϲǲΰ롣ҶС룬۸ܹٽһ룬һֱǱǰ漸յöнʯһԸһЩΪʵġڿȷѾ˴˵ҩеǻϢ⡣һ㣬Ϊעġ
ĻԹֶ֮࣬ĵľⵤҩʲô˵кôһ˵ȥΪڳ۵Щҩ֮Ȼ̺һЩرϢȴǼ΢һ˿ѡһöҲûжֻϢġһҪôȻⵤҩ᲻ֹڴˡܹ⽻˸߼ĵõҩ֮Ϊı֮ǿҲӹɵġԵģҶСһԶ˵Ĺʿ˵׼ʲô鷳ˡ
ȻǷӡ򿪻ȥ֪ͨЩҪƮĹʿҶСȻϰԵǰȥ̽һ£ǲֹۡ
ʱѾ޵ĸ߽ʦƺӡҲûʲôнԵ뷨ֻǼȴʱֻҪ̫ҶСҲδǼ¡жݷ˵׼ͿʱͻˡѲ⣬ʱһֶοɱսٸ塣
ˮڡ
ȻҶСģ˵һ˿̫õԤСǴʱҲã㽫µĽּӿһֱ֣סɻءڻδ޳жݷ׶ȴҲ򡣾ڻʩչеٶҲһЩӰ졣ҶСʱٶѾǰ˲С

ҶСһֱδʲô˴ڨҲûʲôѡһֱһصסŲ˲Ҳʲôע⡣
һΣҶСȡҩʮнʯĵá
һֱԼסҶСڴ˵زûʲô˴ö룬µ˶ȻΪǵҩ֮¶
ϣδţҶСʶпΪ͡ΪԷΪԶԼҲԪӤڣҶС񲻱̫ϸȥ̽顣ֻǿΪͶѡ
Ȼʱ˱ֱҶСſڡ˱ֵĵҲòΪҶСס֮ǰΪĲͬ񣬽ʿԪӤʿǴֿġֻס֪ڵֻһʿѡȴδԼΪԶ֮˾óȻʶ̽ȥͣſڣߵš
Է˹ҶСȴҲδкֹۡ˹Ϊǻãֻ֮ˣһʼһøѶԸ
ΪʾʧڶԷߵŵĵһʱ䣬ҶС˷šһ򿪣㿴վſڵһݿ㣬ŵʿ˿ƺҲ󣬵ȴѾɲˡֻһۣҶС֪˲ԪӤʿ¾ԪӤʿҲǸٮٮߡ
ίɵϪóȻãһҪ顣߶֮ħ֣
ԭǰҶС񡣿˵
ҶСڿ֮ǰѾ΢΢ΪչֳĲһͨĽʿΪˡͲµԼ˺ܿһЩˣǵû뵽˾ߴ֮һίˡҲǶһЩŵġ֮ǰѾѰһЩЩ֮˶˽һϪҲİôԼίһʿٮٮ߻ˡ
ҶСһ¶һýЩģæϪڣҶСʵ²ʿ֪ǰк£ϵģȻȫԸ
ϪҶС˹˳ģȻ⣬ǺһЦæ˵Ѳ˿٣ƽƾͺá
»̿ˣΪ΢ǰƽơϪǰкҪȥ죬ܷԸˡ
ǺǣǾôƺˡϪЦһ䣬ĿֱҶС񣬱ֽ˵ˣҪٸҶѹһƷҩ۸ȻߵõΪֹġ
һԷ˵ҶС֪ԷѾǳԶԼˡϪһڱֱҪҩѯʻȷϵҩǷԼڸԼȻԼ˽ʮֳ֡ҶСҲ֣ίɵҪһʿ׾ٵ顣ίǽʿʮöƷҩԵһĲֵһЩˡ
ŶԭЩҩҶСϪ֮Բ׹Ƶģתüͷһ壬˵ǰǵҩѾûʲôˡܹ۵ĶѾڽб˳ȥǰرΪǵҩˣҪһˡ
ûдûϵҶѴԼֵҩġҶⵤҩżֻҪҶõóƵġҶӦҲΪƮĹеıɣʵֻҪƵҩ۸ңɲǰȥĹðգƾƵļƷҩԹõκαˣǵǶʲôرҪĻίȥѰġ֪ҶѾ˿ɺã
Ϫ˵ҶСһ֮ǰԼһʱ̰ģҪʱһöҩǺԼûһѵЩҩԼơ֮ǰѾЩҩԼ֮ʱй¶˳ȥϪȻȫ֪ˡȥѿ¶ԷҲˡ
˼һҶСʮΪһ˵ǰ֪Ϊ΢֮ҲѧôǳˡֻΪ⣬Ƶĵҩ˵ЩͬÿÿһöҩҪʱõģ֮ʱҲʮ־޴󣬲ƣƷҩһҲƲ˼öġǺһöҩвٴղŴһöһίиġ
Ϫ˵ҶС㿪˵ǰܹĵҩĸֻ֡ǿϧöҩѾ»ĻûʲôĴˡھҲԼõʮöƷҩѣǰҪ¿ǰġ
ϪҶС֮Ҳɵóֻʮö
ȻҶС˵ĻԤƵƫȴмֿšΪ˵һʿ֮ٹȷҲġһƸһΣһγʮöҩѾǲˡοҶСƷҩͬһ㵤ҩķѵľһЩҲпԭֻоЩɻҶС֮ǰڽȴöĵҩ
ʵϪһʼδҵҶС֮ǰһֱΪǳ۵ҩ֮˶ȻһԪӤڵʦڲ֮ⷢ־Ȼһڵʿⵤҩƣֱ̽ڴ˵ҶСʶ֮ˣЩҩȷԼƲˡ
ϪټҶСһʼֳɫģҲδ롣˵ʮöҩʵ̫һЩҲûйϵ֮ǰȻ˵ίɡҲѣⵤҩǴ㹺ûȥеһλ߽ǰʹáԵѴԿһίһʦΣֻҪܹṩֵҩѵĴɲκιǵġ
ҶСһЦȻܾǺǣлǰ񰮡־ȴҪΪһʦҲɢˣʲôŴɡԡ


ڶľ ί
ί־ǶԴģϪû뵽ǰĽʿȻܾԼô΢΢ۣЩʵҪ᣿֪Ƕ˵һõĻ᣿ֻҪܹӦֵҩǼ뵽ίɵҲԼġʲôȻҲԤġ
ҶСһЦٶȷ񶨵µΪǰһˡûҪʲôŴɣⵤҩҲֻżһЩѣҲỨ̫ྫȥƵҩġ
ڵ֪ڵҩ֮ʱҶС񱾾ҩȥģʱӦȥʲôʦǰ˵׼ῼûᣬһȱҪǴɶ˰һЩıӻ֮ѾûʲôˡԶȻǲӦġ
ȻжҶС湧˳ʵȴһβЩݺƵ˵Ҷ˼ѵٿһ£㻹δʲôʵĴɣ֪еĺô
ȻãǰͲٶ˵ˡ
ҶСԷģͷصԷ˲ģҶС֪ټѿҲãֱӻؾԷȻȻвҶСˣԷӦҲίߡǸǻǻ㲻ȻԷȻԶԼģҲûбҪȥѿࡣҶСͿԷǴʲô뷨ģȻԲˡ
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ҶСĻճ֮ʱһֱҶС˲ٿϪͻȻ׵Ľµӷ˷ĩϪһֱӣΪҩϾǱƵģǹеʲô˵治ԸƣǶҲ᲻ġȻϪתӣҲһֵһĽʿ˵ίߡ֮һɼϢϪ֮ɢȥ˲䡣
ҶСܵϢ֪Լ鷳ǲ֪ǵҩе𻹺ãһЩ㹻ʹҲˡԼȻ֪ҩںϢ˵ȥ̫൤ҩΪġ˵뱦ҲΪ˼򵥵ľ˵ȥ
Ϫһ˫˫۽ҶС񣬷мĻһ˵Īίɣ֪˼ľܾʲô³
ϪǼĲУĻӲˡ룬ҶСǲȥϪӲӲģطϪҶСȻǲкùӳԵġϪһֳͷŭݣҶС̹ʩ˵ǰϢŭίɻǰ֮ġʵûǸּɡǰҪֻܹȶṩҩʹӦǰÿ̶۸һĵҩΣ
ȻҲǿԡÿṩٵҩ
ÿʮöѾµļޣÿһöǰ
ϪҶС˵Ƭ̺˵ҲǿԽܣȻΪҲ޷Ƹࡣ
ҶСȻ֪Ҫ˵ʲôɣæӻ˵ºòȻȥġԹɵʵҲ޷ɡǰɲصʲô˽֮⡣
ϪһҶС֮ԵҲеǳʲôԭ򲻿ϼ뵽ίɶûйϵֻҪܹʱṩҩͿˡϪԼľһڵĸ֮ʿܹһһöƷҩѾǱȽ϶ˡ
ҶС˵꣬ϪݲŽ鶨ֺ֮ƵҶСЩӰ˵Ķ̽һҶСĵϸ˵˰ҶСáӲʩֶϪаһССĽɢԼ޷㶨
öҶСĽ֮ҶС񻹺һᵽԼǰȥƮĹ֮гħһ¡һϪȻҶСˣȻΪƮĹġҶС˵ʱҶСԺһӽƮĹϪȻǿԱҶСİȫҶС˼ҪȥƮĹΪ˻ܹҶС۵ҩҲǱҪ֤ҶСİȫġ
ҶСᵽȵľ仰ȻҶСԳΪڱضԪӤʿİΪܹԱǲ׵顣һϪԣȻжܵƣڰȫ˲١ڵƮĹ֮УҶСҪжĻֻҪҸӿˡҶСŵġ
ϪĿѾﵽҲͲԸҶСȥϻûñöнʯҶСνϽСʮöƷҩȥ
ҶСϪĵһμ档
ȻϪȥ֮ʱϰҶСΪ΢ЩСƻĽʿԵϵģȴûӼ濪ʼ̸еоһֱҶСǣߵġԼȥǰӲʩõ͸ȴûҶСһֱǰ̬ʿȴҲһֱʹŴһƸһֶΡ
һϪҶСԭ˼Ƭ̡ʲôδһ㣬˫Ŀ
֮ǰϪڵʱҶСҪʾԼɶҡľǲϪ̸ѵķִ硣ҶС˵ǸԼǸ֮ưˡĿǰΪؼĻǰȥƮĹ飬ֻҪһɣڹĹеõ¥ʯҶС֮һǼʲô¡
ҲΪ£ҶС񲻹ʩֶΣõ˸ıӻȻҶСɢ޵ǹĹУٵΣտɲħġһҶСõʲôôɱ˶ᱦǺܿ䵽ҶСϵġ
ҶСոǳ˼Ƭ̣ڷ˼Լǲǵʱɰѵҩȥȥй¶ⵤҩԼƣôʱҪѿ¾ͼ򵥵öˡ
νƲ©ƽǱҪ͵Ҫͻǡһ棬ҶСǾĹ֮еУ򲻵ҲǲҪ¶ʲôرǿսǰ涼ǸϪԼضҲòԼ֡Է˵ĶԴԼȻͣʵȴһʵѹˡѹˣ˲ò˳ӵ̬ǵҩҶС㹻㲻ٺҶСϻѡĽҶСɱˡȻôѰĽʿ벻ʲôأҶСҪϢĽҶСĨɱ治ô׵飡
ö֮ҶСҲӣȫ
ԼϵһʶҶСҲȥȻΪҪȥжǵʶϵ׾ٵ顣һʶϪΪԷһҶСӳյķΧµʶȻϪδ񹦷ʿΪﵽһ̶Ⱥʶǻ֮ģһЩʶļ򵥲ҲǶõġҶСֻҪһ뿪Ϫʶ̽ⷶΧôϪȻڵһʱԼǰҶСһ뿪Ҳûʲô±֪飬Ҳ͵δϪԼʶһ¡
һֻҪûţҶСһֱȥֱжݷͻơίɵϪѾҹԼһҶСλõʶŲΪ鷳ҶСˡУӦҲҪҶСȥ򷢣ϪȻǲľлҶСӴġ

Ϫһ뿪ҶСסϱ¶һεЦݡһʤЦݣͿŸʹͣһ㣡


ڶ ɳ
ϪȻͬ׵еĶٮٮߣ䲻սĸ涼ȸ߳Լһ׵ԪӤʿҪǿϲ٣ϾֻǸԪӤڵʿҶСڵʵʵǷʿҲȫ͸ֻܿԪӤʿȻ޷ҶСʵ°͸ˡΪֹϪδκ쳣ҶСֻһرѰʿҲΪδ̫ڸ߿ҶСԭŻӦҶСǸÿṩһöƷҩİ취õǰΪѰĽʿûʲô֮ˣȻǿԪӤʿһսʿ
ΪҶСʵʵϪһֱΪԼǳԶҶСҶСһڵʿˣֶˣʲô
Ϫ뷨ҲҶСʶһڵʿҲаѶԷһԴġ

ǿжݷĽܣҶС֪׶ݷˮƽʱʹõĶݷΪ׶ݷһľ֮жƮ׽ˮµʱ㣬µĶݹл㱣ʮȵģǰţȴһת۱ѾǰжݷﵽһֺܸߵΪеЧ
ҶСһչأһʱ䡣ȻһֱУȴõϪϵһʶһֱûһֹͣΪжݷ֮Ѿɣ׶ĵһ㡣
ȻСɣҶСʱȴûȥԡϪһʶһֱϣʱڼһһ׶Ҳؼʱ̵һֶΣʱܲй¶ȥͻָΪȫһ֡
ʵҶСһʿһطΪҶСϸ֮мʵûʲôݷЧֻҪϸ֮гԼαҲʵ統Ч޼ġ
ҶСжݷɣһֱڼҶСϪȴֻҶС񵥴ʱ䡣

ҶСһţһ±ȥ˽ֱƮĹȥչѾһ¶ʱ䣬˼ɵʱݵʿӦöѾ˴˵أӡӦҲƽ֮ġ
ҶСϵƮĹ֮һŷִʱݵʿȷѾǹĹķӡƽҲȻͻơǾڷӡ֮ʣȴڷӡ֮ڻһƽַһ󷨲õķʽѾû˶ãҾκιż֮Ҳû˼ƵĲ÷ôʱ䣬ЩʿǱһӡ֮޷׿ӡ
ʵӡеһڶǰѾֵģΪһʱûа취޵ĸ߽ʦѾطһҵƽ֮ǻЩ֮Ĵ֪֮ġʱƮڷڵʦֻʣһˡΪһֱ޼ƿʩƮѾ˹棬֮ʿԱһͬоһӡȻΪ͵ʦʲôϣҲһ˼İ취ܱһֱûа취õöࡣ
ˣƮҲȷû˰취Ʈڵĸ߲ʿӦöѾתˡ
һʼӡ֮ΪƽľϹŷӡõַ֮ʱҶС뵽˻ΪķԼæҵƽ֮ȷзĵڵΪܹԱǱֵ̫ͷһ̫õ顣ֻҪܹҪԼͷȵҲ޷ˡ
ǣڿʿȷûκΰ취ˡټȥ²֪Ҫʲôʱ
ҶСǷӡſڶվƬ̣˼һǴڴ븺ʿ˵Լȥƽһǵӡ󣬱ԪӤʿЩĺͲмĿ⵱УȡһöעǹĹǰ߷ĵͼһ˳ǹĹȥ
ҶСΪߣ׶֮мҲ˵׼ܿǴ£ƾһźðĹӡƽ⵽ʲô̶֮˼ÿ춼г֣⸺ԪӤʿҲҶСΪԽֹ֮ʲô裬ǰ´Ĺ涨ȴҲòҶС롣
ҶСһ߳ƮĹȥһ˼ŵǹĹУҵƽӡ֮ԼҪӦԡ
æƽӡ֮£ҶСոѾкҲһڴӦȻϹŷӡõַѲסġ

ĹһȫɺصĲ֪ʯͷɡ漸Ŀռ󣬾ҲһӴĵ¹νһ·ǵ֮ҶСҲ˸мΪп֮Ȼδʲôܣǻһ۾Ϳ˵ЩмƿܵĲϣЩӦþЩνػŹĹĿˣֻΪǰƺĹеԿܱ֮ҪܳʱŻḴʵҲǿ²ȥĵġ
ƮĹǴÿһ͸һ֣ǰķΧ̫󡣼еͼָҶСܿҵ˵ڶ㵽ڴ
һҶС㿴ǰһֱΧǱһǰ鿴ʲôòҲ֪ЩӦþоƽӡ֮ˡ
ҶСҲм˻ͷһۣ㲻ٶ࿴׷׻عͷȥоǷӡӡסôķʿӡʦ֮ʱ˵˭ܹҵƽһӡķ輫Ľ
кҶСǷӡǰ鿴˸ӵķӡ֪Ҫ鿴俴̽ϸ֮еָӰˡ
ΪҶС񲻹ǽΪĵ˹עڲ鿴ӡ֮ʱõַҲвͬȴ˷֡ҶСԼԷӡ֮Ҳûر˽⣬ԼҲ֪ԼĲ鿴˲ͬ
ڲ鿴˺һ֮ڸҶСͣˡҶСڼ鿴ӣȴ̸š
ǰҵƽ֮ˣ
ȷѾҵƽ֮ǺǣҲѹڵʦǲ֪ƽһӡս֮ǰͺʹõġַӡͺһᣬҪƽȷһ£
ҶСаȻӡѣڵʦϹŷӡоо͸Ҳڼ˼޵ڶʦҲ޷ƽӡġʵôҪƽأ
ЦЦشǺǣֽƽףһƽ֮Ҫƽȷʲô¡Ҫ÷ֶΣ
ֶΣ
ٸӺˣͺñһһѼ临ӵʦҲ޷򿪡ǵԽǸӣԽǴ򵥵İ취һ󴸣һȥɽ޷򿪵ˡֻҪƽ⿪ӡõĽƻһӡƽ֮ǽǿйƣ
ȻеǿйҲǼ򵥵Ʒӡô򵥿ԣӡҲͲڲű⿪ˡ
һ߸ҶСܵġǿйơľ֮һ߽͵ַӡʱֻǳֹһӣڱʧûˡΪӡƽѣ޴֡ʵӵĲ÷֮ȴΪ̫ӣȱݡһ֪һ㣬ƽͺܼˡַӡڹһʱ䣬ľ濴޷ƽԻ˵ġǵ˺˶֪һҲûȥʹƭ˵ĽˡҲʧУȴǧȥֽٶס˲ˡ


ڶһ ƽӡ
ֻҶСÿһֱǷӡƺ޹֮ʱҶСĶѾ˵ע⣬ЩҶСʵ̫̫û·һЩҲǸôýֹ֮ʲôŵѡ
ǾĲԪӤڵʦڳ֮ʱͼҶСķԽԽ࣬ƶʼһ㷢ɵ⡣
Ƶһб䶯˵ע⡣Щ˶֪Ƶı仯ԼΪ׷ֿͣ˾ȻʹþǷڵʦҲΪĽ仯
еʦ׷˿֮󣬾ֻô˵ؿΪ͵һֱ֮ҳײʿĪĴһ˶δ뵽ԭʹ仯ģǱˣȻΪڣƽƸûκ·ʿ
Щ˶֮ˣһ˷Ӧ֪һڱһƳŻеı仯ͬʱѾ˽˴Ƶı仯֪ͨˡ
˶ڵʦյĽƣͱҶСƽʵͰǰҶСķԽԽ࣬ǰķӡѾԽԽ
ʿĶ֮죬֪֮ͨ˸հϢݳȥûãȻϵã˵ƽΪƽķӡ֮һͻȻҵƽ֮᲻һͿƽӡҶС񡣲۹⻹Ҫ˸߳࣬ȻҶСÿһ¿ƶ·ȴҶСÿһ¿ȥƺδ򵽹ؼ֮⸴ӵĽƵܹܿеĹؼܹ֮ﵽЧҲǲ׵ġ±϶ǰ˾Ǹ֮˵Ҵײѣ
ŽƵĺҶСٶҲֱֻʣһ֮ʱҶСͣ֡
ҶСֻʣһѣҶСȴûж֣
ҶС֣ͣڳ֮˶Щ죬ҲʵΪͻȻ֣ͣȥӡǴһ
֮ʱҶСȻ֪ڴ˵صķʦҲʣһһʻ㹧صˣֲͣǲƿӡΪһƾµΪ޷ȫƿӡһ»Ҫͷ˳֣
ҶС˵㻺ǰ̽Ƭ̺ŻȻ˵ԭˣ
һ䣬֮ϵضķֱǷӡһȥ
ڿҶСķЧ֮ʱѾӡƽ֮һ̽ԭΪӡǿƽ֮ƣһ᳹׽ӡƣҪӴ󣬾ӡƽķҲǲСġҶСڵΪȷԳܡ
˶ڽֹ֮Ȼͣһ˽ֹƽ֮㲻˸Ҳ֪һô
ֻ˿ûʲôرƵһƴ֮ǰĽƱ㿪ʼζɢĹҲԽҫۣһ̱һ֮֮ͼɽƵĹĤһƬһѿһĵ䣬ڰ֮С
ƽӡ֮ʱѾĸ߽ʿѶ˴һۿҪƿƣ׷¶ϲɫ
̺֮ȻС濴ȥҲȫӦҶСЩһʼƲԶʿܸܵһɹɿ񱩵˳һĴǴ˳ĵҪܶٳͿ֪ˡ
һ֮ŽƵĹȥΧռ֮еҲƽȥֻһ֮һɻһɹɵǿһ㱻ɢȥЩǿһ֮ǰǽƱȥ֮ʱɵ
ˣһֱڶ߽ʦգʦ˼ڤ޽ķӡƾҶСոյ֮䱻ȥ

ƽ⿪֮󣬻ҪƳĹڶ㵽㱻˵Ĵšǽ˵ʵֵ̫һһЩ
ӡƳƮڵҲˡһȥ˽ƣ²˱ء²˵֮ʸոճڣƴǵ˹ˡӡܹ׵ƳɲϷĹͣҪ˵⹦ͣҪ鹦λСֵܣ
˵Ż˱ָվڲԶҶС֮㽫ҶСٻ˹ȥҽҶСƽӡƽӡĴԭڳһͷˮʿǡϾ֪ƽӡ֮ҶСҳҲڳЩʦˣЩ߽ʿֻ˵Ϳȥ˷ӡƶѡ
ҶС֪ίɣǱԼϪͬһšΪϪԵʣҶСĵ׶ݺͰʿȴûʲôӡҲǽġҶСҲȺУϪҲȻС
ҶС˵Լ֮ʱƺ֪ԼǸǸƵĵҩлϢʿ
˰Ѵ֮󣬱²˰ҶСеǰ˵֮ԣӡƽ֮湦һȻС֪Ҫ˴󹦣㾡ܿڱǣ
ˣ²ϰǳĽֹ֮ˣһҲҴײҵƽ֮ѡƽ⻹ƽ⣬Ҫʲô֮ġ
ǫѷ˳Ϊ˲Ҫ͵ģ㲢ƮʿҲΪҪĹгħɣ
˵ĲΪ˵صġ
Ǻã˵⻰ͼ²һһöУ˵ʿ̫΢һЩʲô˵׼ʲôɱ֮˴ҲҪѲĹĹгħұһΣʱ̿ԾһĽѩ
֮ͼһİ֮лƮҶСС²˼˵ŷҶǰãǰΪе֮ʱҲƾɹδѡڿҲֻʹһζѡһٻ׻壬ƾҪ͵һԪӤʿĹҲûġνѩڷ֮ڷ²֮⻹бϢɢ֮˶ܵϢʴΪԵ͵ĵᱻǱϢȾһƬ˪ףԪӤʿҲԵ͵
˵֮ʱ²˷ԼŽѩԵ֮ʱ˵꣬źǺһЦ˵ŷ֮Ч㵽ʱԹ֪ڴ˸˵Сֵ˵̫Сˣ˴󹦣ֻһۿҪķ
²ۣ֮ŷȷǱĺöֵܹסԪӤʿҶСеȷ˼֣æлл²ʹͣ˼Сײдʹͣ
²˿ҶСıƺǰΪЩ΢ʱȴƺô򵥵ʿмֺøСҶСĻֺͰһЦ˵Ȩ˳֮ӹĹͣ
лˣ
ҶСлȴ֪²仰ɲֻǶԼ˵ģ仰˼ڸڳЩӡס˵ʿġ
²˸ʹ֮˲ɻĶҶСʵ˺ܺ棬ҵƽ֮ģǺǣɲҪʲôҴײĺŪˣ
ֻ˵ƽ˷ӡɹмˡ


ڶ ѩ
ҶСһתصˣܹҵƽ֮ȷҴײġֻ֮ǰʦһƵķӡʦƵķƽ⡣Բ뵽û뵽һԹȻá
ʦ𣿶ˣ˲ͽܣδʦкˣ
һ˵ʻ˶׷׳ҶСȥŵʲôʦ̳˵ͽܡӡ֮ǿӣɲһҴײܼƽġ
ʦҲһɢޣλǰҲδŹʦ˶Ϊ̣־ڳ֮С
ݰͽܣ
˲ʵ԰²ڵĲٸ߽ʿ¶ľɫ
ʦλǰĪʶʦ
ԭݰͽܣǾѹֻҵֹƽ֮ˡҵʦʶЩͷˣˣƽƺ޽չ֮ʱ͸ðģ
˵֮䣬ҶСע⵽ڵʿ˵ݰ֮ʱõĴǸ롱֣ȻֱǺƶݰǿһ㡣ҶСԼҸдʣû뵽ݰڽֹ֮ϵ赱ǲ͵ӡȻҲЩڵʿֱġ
ҶСʦݰ֮󣬲˻²˿ҶСƶЩ΢仯
˵һ֮󣬱ԸɢȥȻӡѿôһļƻǵһʱɴʿƮĹħˡ

ҶСմƮĹг㷢Ϫ˹ֻǹ֮ȴֻǹϲ䣬ԷߡȻû˵仰ҶСĻﵱȴ˼ֱ˼
Ǻǣ𡭡
Ϫ֮ҶСϪµǾ䣺ҶҪи߳ɾͣҪע˵ľޣΣȻһʱЩôȴδؾʲô£
ϪĵûģҶСҲסĻȴмֲмģƫƫı֣ȴǳһĸо
ҶС֮ǰֵ֮Ĳǽ֮ҵ˷ӡƽֻ֮޷ţǽֻ֮ǶƤë˴󹦣֮ϪĪһ˿ʡڲ֪֮£ر׷ҶСѵĻӣڼ˼䡣źһЩίУڰһ֮еٮٮߣݵñ˸ǹķͷο˻Ǹé®Сӡ

ҶСջصס㱻֪ƮĹеĶ㵽㱻յĴԤƼʱɴ򿪣ʱֱᰲڶʿĹħ
һʱ䣬ҶСϸ鿴һǽѩʱ񣬰״̬£Ӧ治֪ҪһֱõĿսҶСڵĵÿһȥɢҩһ֣ͺһС̫һ㣬Щһ㣬ɢҶСع֮Сɢ࣬ҶСھǲرΪҲڻš
֮ǰҶСرϸ֮пƺУ򵥳һϵȻ޷ϵƺһж˳ӣҶСҲȥšֻĵȴˡ
ʱ֣ƮڵڶʿڼϡеʿոɻΪȷֳֻСӡһεĳħжзʿ߽ʿǿ·ĸֻСڹĹħ塣
ҶС׼֮ʱƮĹʯ֮ʱű֪Ϊյʱƽ˷ӡٽʯˡĶҲѾáСӶӳǱˣϪ
ϪСӵоȻһԪӤڵʿԪӤʿһԪӤʿʿֻҶСһˡټϪһҲǡǱСӶһˣɡһҶСȻǱⰲġһɱΪ͵ʿΪӳģڶСӵлΨһһӡһΪϪΪԪӤʿҲǲģһӲŻҶСȫԪӤʿɡڳ֮ʱһҲǽǰʿ֮
ʿĸ߽ʿǵһĻôϪǾǵڶݶˡ֮ģͶֻһԪӤʿӣĶԱǽʿˡ
ǰȻΣһЩǻڹĹҵʲôöĻȻҲʹࡣ
ҶС鵱УһƺϪ֮ͬˣҶС֮ʱҲδʲôɫ֮ǰϪѾҶСǽˡǵνܵԼҶСͲ֪ˡֻ֮ʱЩֻǿһۣ㲻ҽܶûУһ۸ڶȫûҶСĳķģҶСĵҲֻϪԵкһ£㲻ȥҶСˡ

ƮĹ㡣
һӵڶ뵽˵㣬һһ㡣ΪЩħ֮ƺǴӵǱƮĹһħΪʢһɹɵħڵ֮ϲʱֵĳħһЩСʬ壬ƬĿ֫塣һռ֮ڵǣиΪ̫ħʹʿԽѰʿһоͻеһӦ
ҶСڶ鵱ڴ͵Ľɫȴ˶λáǸϪȷǺܹҶСȫ
Ϊ֮ǰʥҶСѾƵԵҲûκɫڵ㵱ãȴһֱҲûʲôħ֮ӰǲʱһЩһͻֱ죬˵ĿܿԶԶĶһЩì֮Щ˵ĿսһĽʿҲ˲һ˸ûκӰ졣ÿÿпܹһƬ
ҶСǰԪӤʿݣǰȫĺܡпܹȻҲֲ֡һ·ҶСҲʡģڶ룬ҲôĻᱻ͵Ϯ֮ࡣǰӦҲûʲôʣµģ·רڵϸڵһ𵤺͵ҩͷŸһְˡһ߷Уһߴﵽ˵Чǿġ
еķΧѾǰ㶼֪˶٣˴ʱƮڸĵͼһֱûпǽĲڡȻһЩһ㣬ĹбϾգΣеٶҲ첻˶ٵġ
֮дˣͻһַǴһޱߵħһ㣬ΧħƣʵЩʿʮֵĲ˳
ʵħͬԴ֮ħ֮ȴֻܹħǻһķԭתΪħħҲһԣǽӴתΪͬԵħֻתٶûħ֮ȥĸˡΪԣϽ֮һħӰһʱ佫Ĩµľ׳Ⱦ硣
Ĺռ֮еħܾܿħй¶һħȾתġ⾻ħǵΣڵЩרְħʿˡ
ʿϰ֮еҶСߵ⼸ԪӤڵʿһֱǴƷʼѵίɵУƽʱ뿪ɣѾϰŨڵﲻϡĲУлħʹʮֲˬϼѾ˿мʮʱûһڣɵϳһЩͷ


ڶ Ĺ
ͨеЩԪӤʿͬҶСڵ˵ʵһЩҲһСҶСⲻͱǵֿǿۻ͵ﻹõЩ
ҶСһ·ɫݣûһ˿Ĳͷ
ǿҶСһ·һûһ˿ӦʱֳһĨɫЩڿ·Ҫħ֮д֮ԪӤʿеһ˿ȥˡ
ҶСרĸ·ʵȴǱţȻһ˶Լȵ٣Сӣ
ǿ֮ԪӤʿеôԪӤʿҶСʵʶ֪֮ΧΣȴȻװǱ˽סתͷȥģ¶һͷԵģþԪӤʿʵǰ¿ʲô飿
ߣǼ˿ϪʦֵӴ㣬㵹һ·ֻԼϢź㣬·ǿܡħ㲻Ƕ֣һɱɶ⣬Ժпţˣ
һûкĿ˵༸֮ҲûʲôԵ˼ϪҲǺûһ㡣
ʵҶСһȷռ˱ˣҶСһϪвԼػԼһҲӦõġǺһЦ˵ǰ˵ЦˣмλǰڣҰŪȻǽޣʵȴΪѧЩӣѧʵڲǴ˵سֵЩܣҲӦġ¶ԸҲԣÿһֻҪϲʱ䣬ǰǲŸ·ԸⵣΣ
㡭
ҶС˵ʿһ±˵뵽ҶСһССĽʿ˵Ķײѡ
ʦˣʿҪһ˿ֹ˵ΪԸĿ˵Щ鷳αǿ
ʦģ
ʿŵķʵΪ˵صĿܸǲȱȫģǽ𵤳ڵʿΪһĶԸҲûġԲдʡ
ҶСҲ˿ôаĸоҲ뿴Ϊλдԡ
ٺ٣ϪʦֲǺ˵ҶСֵܿƽӡ֮ʱ˴æģ
˵˵ʲôƷҩҲƵģôרְʦΪ磬սҲֹڴ˰ɡ
бҶСһۣŶʿ˵ʦ̫ˣҶСֵܵʦǺˣų̵ݰʦҲ֪˭ǰСȴֻܹһС֮ˡˣʦҲڵʦ˵ݰһǧǰһʿпСġʱͬڵʿ¾츳ģݰ˵Ҫȥ٣ΪϵĲ࣬ݰϰַţʶķŶҪȥоһˣǸʱΪԶͬʿġ䲻һרְʿȣʾġϲĴνԶģ
ôˣôҴû
ʿһݰɵòʿҲʿĻȥ׷רһҶСҲǵһɵҲмֺ档
ûȻˣʦһֱʦ̻壬ʦûиʦܽ¡ʿ˵עһҲ˵ģǲºô
˷ʣʿһС˵־ģٺһЦ˵ٺ٣Ǹݰͬʿ֮е౻ȥʿѾ׵˷ڣŵˣƮڵ²˶Ǳݰȥ֮һ˵ڽֹ֮ϻݰָ̹׽оٵֲ֣ѹٺ٣ʲˡǶ֪ҶСֵΪˣݰȴֻǸԪӤʿҾ޼ˣսʦֺʦֶģ
˿еʦ־Ƕ鵱еΨһһԪӤʿˡһ˵༸˶׷תͷҶСǵǶû뵽ҶСʦôһˡڲͬʱһ֮еı¶š
ҶСʦȡЦҶСô˻ȴǲŭЦ˵ʦս¿ɲԹʦΪ޷֪̽Լȴ֪ԼмＸԺʲô飬ҪλǰˡǰսµǿһЩħǿܣԱѣʱ͸Ҫ̸λǰˣ
ȻҶС˵Ǵ˿˼⼸ԪӤڵʿûһĽʿܳҸոȡʦƺ·ҲһȤԺһЩʼһ֮˱˵ٺ٣˵˵ȻĲãϪʦֵ˵м͡ϪʦֵϣҲ㱻ħĹȥġ
ҶСǺһЦлôлˣ
ȡЦҶСʦŭһЦģԪӤڵʿǶҶСıģʼһЩ³çʿ
ҶСˣһ˿ûôˡ˱ϪΪóҶС֮ˣҪôܵĴģҪôװͿĴš֮ǰҶСֻչ¶ĲŻҶС룬һר޽֮ˣ費ǳǽֹ֮ϾȻҲв׵ļʶ֮ˣôҲһġ˵ǵҩ֮еĻϢǵҩ֮еǿԶʤͬ׵ҩҩѾǼ䲻֮ˡǷӡڵʦ֪֮ٵԪӤʦģҶСﲻգҵƽ֮
ҶСʼһֱڵһ鴮Ϫ㷢ڵʿƺûô򵥡Ϫȴûʲôرֻ֣һ·û˵һ仰һж޹һ㡣
ü˵ҶСʦǼҲʼһӰ˵ĹڵĴЩ˵ľȻ޷ĸʿλʿõʲôʹͣĸʿĴж֮еõʲô汦֮ࡣ
ҶС˼ҲûʲôӪԹԵļ·ȻֻǶݽӴҶСȴΧ⼸˴ŵʶЩ˶һֱڴɵʿҿһ䶼̫ģίڶһʿг͵ĽɫҶСȴҲóЩ˸ֻί֮бһֱڣһģȻһΪսҲǲףȴ˵ǳǸĻҲδһЩ
֮͵ĽɫʦӦöǲ׵Ľɫ̣ÿֻ̫ҪרΪáʿԼ˼һЩֻרע˱ϢһֻǵʦʦǵʹͣƾⵤҩƷΪ˫ŵĲĸĸʿõʲôʹ֮࣬Ըδ̫һЩˣǷŵɢ޵λã¾ԪӤڵΪҲ˵֪ҪԶ٣¾ǻҲԻ̫á
ν˼̬ҶСޱĽЩһֱһûκηֻǿ԰֮ˡһǰ˵зһ˿ҡԼһ·ĥѣܹ裬Լɳһʯ


ڶ Ĺ
ھ֮ǰҶСݰһӡȡЦ֮һм˱ҶСʧȥȤ̸ʲôҶСԼڶм䣬һ㡣
Ĺ֮гڻħлкܶһֱеԻ˵ĸоѾԪӤڵʿҲⲻ˱ӰоһЧ֮˲ʱʼܸоֻǹʱʵϿʱֻһʱʱ֮ࡣһ棬Ƕڿռֱ۸оʼģеͼָҲߴ·Լн֮仹ҪʱʱͣУе·ߡ
ЧҶС֮ǰڽ֮ǰҲŹǵʱȴδ⣬һˣŷӰ쵱ԼԤҪصöࡣΪﵽ˵ΪԵӰ죬༸ȻΪͣʶǿȿδؾǿҶСģ˿ǵӰжپͲˡ
ҶС֮ǰֻ֪ĹӰ졣ȴǲ֪βģֱǼ˵𣬲֪ԭӰ죬Ϊ¥ʯӰ졣ҶС֮ǰ֪¥ʯЧƣǿ˲þ֮ȴû뵽ȻӰ쵽ĹڹĹ֮еϸ鱨Ѿй¶ˡҲֻǰЩίľ֮жǺʿ֮˲Ż᲻Լģ͵õ鱨ġ
һʱҶСССһ£˿¥ʯƮĹ֮вʲôϡ֮ӡ
òԼΪע鱨ҶСʿᵽ¥ʯʱһ䣬һʲűȷ¥ʯڵ㿪ʼͻֶֻ֡ҲûʲôãԲûѼġ¥ʯֶֻ˲þ¥ʯĸ¥Ǳֶ¥ʯģǲ¥ʯ㲻һ㴥¥ʯ¥ޱ˷ҵĹ
û֪¥ʯֶôƮĹ֮дô࣬ΪʯͷǲӦó֮еĶΪ¥޵Եʣ¥¥ʯΪϣ¥ȴ֮еѰ֮ڵ̬һֺ͸̬̬ɴСһͻһʿסƾеʿʳɾֱʿճ˸Ϊֹ⻹ֹڴˣѰʿǼ¥ΪѾﵽԪӤڣҲֻܵķݡΪΪֻһ壬ᱻʲô֮Ļˡʿܹ֮˵ģҲֻзڵʿˡ
ҶС𣬲Ǳ˻شģϪ¥ʯϸĽһ飬һ֮ǿһ˵㣬ҪСģһ¥ʯмҪԶ롢СȻһ鷳û˾ȵˡ
һ˵ҶСѹ¥ʯƮĹд֮˽ȡˡ¥ҶСͷһ˵ǿޱȣƺҲǵƾʵǿֻ޵Ĺʽ̫ˡڵʱȡ¥ʯ͵ȼ¥ʯˡҶСѰʿͬνĹ¥޵Īмš

Ҳ֪ƫ˶ٴΣֹ˶ʱ䡣ҶСһ˲˵Ĳڴ
ڵ;֮ʱڿʼ˸ֻأʱĳЩŵĺڰ֮ͻȻܳĿܣյֱ˳Щܵȴû̫ǿģƾ輸ԪӤʿӦûһѹȴԤʾź·ԽԽѡЩӦǰķʿ֮ʱͱٹһˣһȴѾָò࣬˺ܵĻָҲࡣ
ԭҶСںʲôأһԭνĻһġ
£ҶСէ֣ͻȻȥһ˸ոһĶ֮ʱȻ־ʹӶڵ͵ʯʯײٶȼ죬ҶСʱ㿪֮ʱͷֱԪӤʿһһֱԷɽͷʯնȥҪ顣ǻδ֣ͼʯڰһȻ޴ʯͷˡҶСʶһ̽㷢ʯͷ˿ɲ;޴ʵҲǲ
Ȼ㵱еһγԪӤʿδһܻٵˣΪĹУӵӰʿ֪ʯͷ˿֮ܳǰҶС΢ܵһ˿쳣⣬Ȼûǰ֣ȻҶС֪ҲԼǰ׼ǲֳġȻԪӤʿûз֣ȴȷ֣ǰɡ
ΪʯͷͻȻϮһƤԪӤʿæһδܽȫ١ϾԪӤʿսǱһ㣬һɲʯͷкζڶ¸Ϊ͵ĹѾһЩԪӤʿپ֮֮ģȫΪ֮Ȼʯͷ˱㱻׻٣һѵʯȥ
ҲĿָܻ֮졣ΪЩʯͷ֮󣬾мʯͷۿɼٶȷŻصʯͷ˳ǽڰ֮СʯͷҲ΢΢ĲţʱعǶѨС

ڽ뵽Ĳ֮ǰ飬ͺڸһ㡣һҲ˶֮ģ֮ǰɢҲ׼ӦԵĲ㲻֪ʲôաϾڵпֻзһЩͽ׵Ŀܣħ͵ϵħʬ֫ȴûмһŵħ塣ǵĵͼֻеĶѣ˵ĲҪƾ輸Լȥ·ٵķȻҲ
ҶСеĿôһָָ΢йһʯͷ˿ѳɵʯͷСʯͷմϸϸ鿴һ£ͷʯͷȻлһʯͷмһһȫеӰ죬ԼɻصǰݵĶѨС
һܵĻָ֮¡ҶСҲûиܵʲôʹǿмԼɻأɿܡ
ҶСԪӤڵʿֱĵĿ˵ÿˣܵмܹߣΪƮڻĿһֱ޸ôҲûôĻ޸Ŀˡ¹Ĺǿٶ࣬ôҲͱƮɾˡ
ȴֻ˵ôһ䣬㲻ٶ˵ˡָܻԭӦҲ޴֪ġҶСȻ棬ȴûео˼Ҳһȥ˵Ĳ㡣
ƮĹ꣬ƮڻҪԶ˲֪١еĿܻлָİؿƮԼҲδҵóԭȻӦʿԣĹеĿɾȡеıˡϾҶСŹΪµľǲлָ֮ͬĿǡոյָܻٶȾ֮쵽˺ǲ֪Ҫ쵽ʲô̶ȡ
ƮĹǰ漸Ĺ춼޼ģֻǷΧͬˡԽĲ󿴹ĹĽ쵹ûʲô̫죬ֻǿռһЩ㻹иԵĲ죬ħࡣǵȻΪħн뵽ƮĹʹħΪءһ˵Ĳ㣬ûôħҲŨ˲١ټĿռ䶼˲٣˷Ҳࡣ
һǶڣ˶ʱһֻȻʵĸоȻ֪ǰ·;ܸһЩȴáһĽ¶ݹⶼһʢеٶȶࡣֱĲȥ


ڶ ĹĲ
ĹĲĿռԶ㶼Ҫ࣬ûеͼҪ̽·ԼΪ˾Ľһ㣬ʡȥЩ鷳㶼ǰЩʿµ˿ǰС˽⣬Ĳ֮еĿʵҲ൱ԪӤڵĳ̶ȣʿʵ޼
һ㣬ȻٵΣ˲٣ΪԪӤʿԷûʲôиʲôöԸĿܣһֽͬɱĿܻҲûȱģҲ֪ǱǰķʿٳģǱԭڵħٳϾĿܿǲֹģⲻǲ֪ĹģȻħҲ⡣
ҶСǼʶ˸ħʬ塣ЩʬȴЩ״඼ƣǶһߴޱȣ߽ӽ׵ĸ߶ȣȫڹƤ֮£Ƥⲿ粿ϥ֮ĹؽڴҫŽĹԵüӲʵޱȡ
Сģ
һ˺һ֮ͼӲ֪ʲôطڵһȻֱ⼸̺֮񱩣Ҳ֪ҵкùӳԡ⼸ԪӤʿҲ׼Ҳкζ˼Ǽ̺Ŵҵ˸ǰ֮ʱһֱƯ˵еһö׻ͻȻһתǻ֮бĵƯ˵Χӳһǡǡסը
һ̣ͼüΧһűѵⱬ䣬ɢĹâҫ۶ĿȻը֮Щҫ۵ɢȥٿˣһ仨ķ֮£ȴû˿ˡ
ոյըѾǵһγˣĲ㵱Ƴ̶ȵĹѾΡЩȻƲСǻ˵õԪӤڵʿ˼ԽԽƵһ˼ǺƻһƮĵȻͺƷһ˻ʵʵһصĹȵĵֵ
˴¹ѾĲ㵱תмյʱ䡣ǰʿµĺۼѿҲ֪һʼ͸ˣЩż˭ĨȥˡڼƾԼʵǰУһĳһȻҲһЩ֮ģȷǲͣǵĵطǵĿꡣĹԽеıҲԽԽ࣬ƾ輸ԳֲԪӤʿȻķʲôʱˡһ·ȻżҲܷʲôطʲôȴҲһرͣȥ鿴ġ
ΪڶݶӵʿУ־۹ȻԶġҶСΪҲ¥ʯʵҲһЩ뵽ʼ¥ʯֵĹĹ㣬ҲֵÿһЩ·ǰ浢̫ʱ䡣
Խǰķʿߵ·߳ƫ˳ҪԻغͿ֮⣬Ҳʼŵħ﹥
ڸոƹһսǣ뵽һرʯ֮ʱ˾ͺȻоΧħȻ˲١һ̣ȻͼΧħ﹥Щħ濴ȥǰ߶׸ߣؽڳڼӲŽļ׿֮µħһģŸʵǿڻŵʱ򣬲ſǵұ۶ǺաһģءӲһ໹з塣Ƿзһ࣬һѪĻƣԵøһ֡
һ˼ˣЩħĹ㶼Ŵͣ¶Ųβļ˻һ󣬶ܡԾĳżΧһжʮģ
ЩħﵱѾս׵Ĵڣħ嵱ħĵȽסħ彫ӵս׵Ҳɸȼħʼֱħħʿħħ˧ߵȼħ˵лħʵĴڣǶ˵ħ֮вħȼĸ߽ħڡڴĸռ֮УֻǽħСռ֮ħߵȼǺλȷֵֽߵȽ״ҲħȽסҲ൱ڷʿĴڡ
ΧҶС˵൱ĽʿڵħȻЩħΪȼֻ൱Ľʿȴһηģħǿħһ׽ųǼ𺳡ЩԪӤʿҲûħɲ֮˱֣һ춯صĹֱкǶʮͷħϡ
ΪЩħħһȻƤ÷׷ֵܹסЩԪӤʿһϡһ֮Ҳֳÿһʿս졣³çһЩϲĵȡЦҶСԪӤʿҪһɱһħԪӤʿϪһȥһ䣬һɻɱͷħԪӤʿľҪһʱҲǼݣȻЩħǱԪӤʿ²ɱеħڸո¶棬ûܳͱɱ
ôһȺħĳ֣Ҳʽ˳ƫǰķʿߵ·ߣȻǲŹ˶һȺħġȻں·;֮ħܡҲԽȻħ⣬Щħ͸ħδȫħִ֮ЩơȻδȫȴʵҲǽӽħǶǱЩοһħϺͿţҲһȺȺĳ֡
ߵԽ˵ֿҲԽĶǽڳ̶ȵĴڣȻ鷳ЩûʲôΣΪֹػż˵ƯڼͷĻɢķܻûһγҪƵ
뼸ԪӤʿæڻɱħǿܲͬҶСڼм䵹ֵСһϾģȻżһ£ȷһôǿĽɳһħϣħֻǱһѣȴûʲôˡҶС˼ΣˮƽԪӤڵʿҲҶСһϲģٳ֣֮ܵˡ
ҶСҪЧһǿԹڷܺͼʿػ֮б߸·ˡڵĵֻҪһҩɢٶȱᶸҶСÿÿһ춼ܸܵӡӽĹʼѾʮʱ䣬ҶСʱ䶼ڰǵǿҩʮʱҶСΪҲԿɼȻ˵ҩǻͷŵģҶСҲֻҪԼܹܣôҩɢٶȾͻпٵֻҪһɢٶȻ켸֡ΪʱÿһһֿóҶСڲŻ˵ֶ
ڿĲܻûһ룬ٻҪʮʮʱ䣬˶ʱҶСܹһֱôΪĳ̶ȽһݺӵĽ
֮ǰЩԪӤʿżĿҶСȴҲûʲô˼ȥҶСˡΪЩħƤòˣЩܵҲĿҲøӽʵһСľͻᱻ乥ǰȻܻûгֹΣҲʱʱбƵĿܡ
ԪӤʿһԷֹסһλ˾ְ©һͻȻ͵ϮĿܻħһҶСû˿ţֲùĵİȫԸӰĵ


ڶ 
ҶСһˣĹлķšԪӤʿסһλҶСȴһ˷˵СӦһʼǾ仰ڻԪӤʿסҶСһ͵ĽʿΪԽԽĿܡħ塢֮ĳ֣Ҳ޷̫ķУֻܻǰš
ȻǱҶСʶ֮ǿ󣬻ԷһֱܵġϾǲԼȫȫѺ⼸ֻǿʵԪӤʿϵġ

һתǼչȥڲϵĳŵĲߵ·̿ЩʿͬЩ·ǶͨһֻҪ̫⣬Ϊ·߻ͷ·ԼȻɵĲ죬ܹ֤Ŀһڡ
һڲϵֹһ·ҶСҲһ⡣Щ˽ƮĹǴħĿںţʵϿ⼸ƽʱ̸ֳ֮˼ƹľƹĵֿóħ嵱ֻǸӡϿһ㣬ȥڹĹеĸֱЩ˵Ŀġ˿ҪĹеħ廹ҪƮԼ
Ҳ֪˶٣ħͿԽǿЩõ͵ֻҪɱͺáѶԸľЩأܶضͻȻ֮ͻЩʲôٶȼ죬ҲǲСΨһֵҵľǻûи߼Ŀܺħ֡ȻнٶȱȻٶܵӰ졣
ȻѹҲֻЩԪӤʿѹҶСҲóҲǶһЩ鷳ΣջڳֵġһֱĵţȫΪܹƽȵһֱǱ뵽ƮĹԼһ˿ĺҶС֮ǰδ뵽ġԼн֮вΪ͵Ž뵽㣬¥ʯ취Ūһˡ
һյķУҶСΪڻšÿһ죬ܹԸеԼı仯⻹ҶСϸ֮еۻ͵ɢҩһΪֱ塢ΪȻѾۿҪͻƽ𵤺ھ硣
ҶС뵽ԼΪ֮죬ɵڶ֮УӦѾչΪ֪ж졣
ʵʵȴҶСǰ㣬Ϊ֮죬ܹ˿ٵͷųЩҩ˳գΪϢϢصġ壬ľǿȣǾͬʱɵҲۿۡۻһľɵʵѾǱͬ׵Ѱʿǿ˲֪ոս磬ǾΪյҩǺ޵ġʵٶԶûҶСԤǰ֮졣
ҶСڱ߸·
ζرȥģһʲô춯ЩԪӤڵʿ򷢵ˡΪʵʵһֱеҶСȻܵһ˿춯춯ֱСһ̣춯ѶϢϸ֮еѾû֮ϵоͻȻֳ֣Ȼֻǳһ˲ǶҶС˵Ϥĸоȷһ¾ͿԸ֪ġ
ϧһӦȷǸոճһ£ʧҶСȥѰʱȴʧˡгϵһ£ȴ޷ϵı仯ӦѾͿҪˡû뵽һγһ֮ûзӦ
ҶСֳһ˿ʶϸУһȻ֮ǰ˲ٱ仯˶һ֮СȴţΪŨ塣Щ͸һë׵ĸоǱӦ÷ȥģȴסˡǰɵ֮£һΧתšǲǼŨĻҶСܹӦõеŨ̶ӦòڵŨȡһֻǰɵܹ֮͸һЩ԰ˡ
ۿȥˣʵһӦᷢѾѾǱһ㣬ۻɢ൱ڼƷɢһŨҲһ㡣
⣬ʶУ˵ĸоҲʵı仯忴ȥǰ͸ģֻҪʶһ̽ᷢҲֻһƲȱԪҲνĲлˡʶУȴһʵӵһڡ֮ǰڵһҲҲҲ֪صһ
ڿһεͻ䣬Ȼֱڵôȥǿ󣬿ǿȾͺһ󲡳ķһ㣬ȴҲ֮ǰʵĸı䡣ศ̡֮֮һҲͬʿһлȻҲ׳Զ֮ǰҪҶСΪŻһЩӰĿöࡣ
ҶСܹܵõŨеһ߿ƼȻԵ쳣еȴǼΪʢһҲ쳣Ĵûһ˿ʡ˲ǿ⣬һѾҪϵҶС񾭹õĴ̶ˡ
˵ı仯ҶС־ϲиԳ˼ĽĿ⡣ȻΪԪһƲлɿܻ޷ҶСϸȴѾҪһһгһҶСԪﵽ˷ڻܹӵзԪôԳ׻ˡһƲлҲʽֻһƲл꣬ûҶСϸҲܹһô±ǳˡϧ˴д˱仯Ҳʲô󳹴ⲻ˭УƾеġҲʲôܽڵģֻƾ˵ˡ
ҲǸ֪ˣȻһƲл꣬ΪҶСϸرѾȸմӷӡ֮гʱǿ̫ࡣľ˵һƬҶ֮ϸڵ࣬ԪǿҲӿࡣҲһֱҶСϸУȥܹķҪԭ
ҶСϲʶ֮ãҶС񶼴һǧСʿѾӵԪӤʿԿʵһֱڲͻƣôϲ˵侪һεı仯ʵ̫Ԫл˵ٹǿҪӵֻлǿԪɽӽ֮Ƕ޷ƾȥġĶֻˡȴǲͬȴڲл֮Ϸʵĸı䣬һ֮еһ޶
ڵҶСҲԽӸոżȻָһӦӦѾӽβڻδֹͣӦûûƵԭ򡣴Ļ仯ȵ֮Ӧûǿġ
⣬ϸ֮һжġۻϸ֮кϸڵļްԭֵֻ֪СڶճСϾۻṩʵ̫һЩÿÿһ˿ܵһ˳
һжû״ҶСҲͽһʶϸԼԼΪ
ҶСʶոմϸгûãͻȻܵһ쳣Ϣ˼˵ǰ


ڶ ħʿ
ҶСʶ̽ⷶΧԶǼԪӤʿǿ࣬ҶСѾֹͣ˾׼ʱӦʱǼ˻δʲô״
ҶСأΪʶзһɼǿϢһϢĸоڳļԪӤʿʶɢǿϢֻһѣҶС϶ǰֵĶȻǴﵽħʿȼĴڣҲ൱ԪӤڵʿʵħ
Ŀħƺûκζ˼ƺֻǱһڵżͶ
ۿҪħ֮ҶСԽžһħʿ͵ϮһҲʲô̫ˣЩԪӤʿͬ׵ĴͻȻ𹥻Ǽû£ôܲü˼˵ˡŻ˽ġ
ڼʱħﻹδħǰڰ֮ȴһ´ܳ˼ͷִ֫ħ˻Ѫڳż˳ͷħ飬ֻǼħ㱻м
ʱҶСͻȻһħʿȽ׵ħͻȻħʿƶǳҶС֮⣬Ϊħʿֻħ̽һ֮󣬱㳯Զƶȥƶٶȼ죬ƺǼһ㡣
ҶСŻȻˡ֮ǰʶľЩûĿܺͺηĵͽħֻЩδģŻ˵ϻ𹥻ġڳֵħʿҲӦ޼һ˶ԷʵԶԶǿԼǲġϾħʿǻ۲Ĵڡ
ڿΪħʿģܿܶʶĲٿر廹ࡣҲ֪ƾʲô̽Թǰħǳ䵱ĶĿġħ鱻ɱҲ֪ҶСһ˲ܶԸ˿ȥ
ȻҶСΪ˲鷳ɣȴҲ˵ʲôġֻǶ̽һ֣ӽһЩʱħʿȻδǶ˿ȥȴҲʲô
⣬ҶСɵ뵽ħʿ˿ȥôľǺЩСˡЩСӵпֻ֮һԪӤʿӣĶǽʿġȻ뵽һ㣬ȴҲûа취顣ֻκЩʿܹһЩˡ
ҶСһħʿ֮һ·ħȴࡣʱǰҲǸʽĿܡһμʶ˶໨ĿܣҶСǴĿ۽硣ֻϧЩܵƷ׻ǲһЩһûһ㱻ҶСһɱɾ
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ż룬ҶСʶнħʿӰЩħʿڱһ˿һ̶֮ӿֹҶС񲻵ϲķԽĳȥҶС⣬ļԪӤʿһֱûзħʿټһ·ֵħʿĲеӦò٣ֻҶС̽⵽ľĸ֮ࡣڣҶСĵľĸڼԪӤʿ˵ڰħʿǺ±ƣĻô⼸˿¾ͻЩΣˡ

ڼ֮󣬼˱㷢Χ³ֵĿֶģȻʱӦǱȽǿģȴĲӡӦǸոջָδȫָĿܡһ˶һϲ߻ǰķʿһ·ߣȻǲһ·ҲЩܣ鷳ȴٲ˵ġпҲǰ֮±ʰˡƺЩʿΪ֮Ҳ٣ʱһڣбѵŷ䡣
һ˾͸һЩµĶݹҲһ֡
þ˸ոûã͸ܵΣ
ҶСʶУѾӺмӰЩӰٶԶҪö࣬ȻǲǷеģ·ܶٶȴҲ졣һһģûþƵǰ档󷽵ӰԶԶİΧס
ЩӰܹ˿ٶȣΪһȻħʿħΪǵĶ̫ݣΣҶСʶǿҲǲ׽õǵٺ͸֪µΪˡʶģֻһģĺӰһԭأתԶһطٶȳ֣һ١˵ݣȻѾʮǿľ硣
λǰ֪ûзʲôԣ
ʱֻԪӤʿȴڰĲ֪Ϊ׼εħħʿҶСҲ಻סòѼˡڿ̣ܲƽҵ¥ʯҪ⼸ˣҶСɲ̫˵ġοûǣħʿڵ£ҶСİȫҲԱϡ
ʲôԵģһжͦõô㿴ܶȻǰķǰûٳġ
һЩçײԪӤʿҲҶСһۣϴһ⣬ɢһֻϰڵɽֱ˳Ŀܺ˵
ҶСһ˵Ҳ˶δ¡ֻҶСһڣϪһü΢壬ͻȻͣ˽⡣ҶСʶһֱΧܹܵõϪھɢʶ̽Χ
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ҶСʶУĿϪʶҲھţŵһϡķΧ֮ǴħʿӰȻҶСϪӦòûȫ׽סӰǶѾ³ܹһֱǵģһΪġԲͻȻ˽кСģ֮ʱתͷĿҶСһۡ
˿Ǿһս֮ˣһϪȻô£ȴ˿Ĳɣһʱк˵ʹ÷ʹɽһٻһͷСɽһСǿ׳ʵľԳ
ʱϪ󣬼˶֪ҪٵĲ׿ԵֵĹһֱȫʩΪǾԳһ㵲ס˼ǰһλһƾձʿٻ໿ֻצȭϴŸְ̾һšλһٻ˿𵽷õķ˵ķٶȼǿһ֣һٻһɹصķһһ⣬Χ˲ϵĺתޣٻԼıɽԪӤڵĽ޹֮ǿͬѰһʱһ㣬ХҫĿĽ⻯ƥ
У𺳵ޣǿƺģƾ޴ķˮһķɽΪĿľҪһʺϢתֻǴһ󣬵ȴ䳤һ㽣տɽˡϸȥǽϸķɽǽտֻǽ֮ϲɢˡһ͸ˮһ͸ɫˮһ㡣˷ɽҶСǵһμɽϪıɽжƷˮ
ʱ˲һؼ汸Сͷ󣬶˵еҶСȻҲš


ڶ ɱħ
˲׼ϣҶСսǴһʼ󶼴δǹġҶСҲֵУʱҲʲôһ±Ǽ˻⡣ΪԶѰͬʿŨԻҲ֮һ֡ʱ˶ڹδ֪գȴǹܲġ
⣬ҶСһֱէȥûʲôرҲʼ޷ԶƮ֮ʣ֮֮⡣ȥƺÿࡣҶСһʼڽĹ֮ǰͼ硣֮ܱʵ壬γģΪۣԲͬʵ֮һԶڣǼһֻҪе̫࣬»ûģҶСƽʱһֱġ
һ棬ҶСҲķɽԪӤʿҶСķɽδ̫һЩɽʵƲ˲֪ٸΣǷɽʺ۵ҲرġҲν༸ҲδָҶСսҶСķɽһʺҲδ̫Զֻһֱһһ㣬ΧҶС񲻶ϵζػҶС
ڿֻҪҶСܹסİȫ㹻ˣڿħʿħͿߴ֮һί֮жǳ͵ʿˡҶСҲ뿴ǵЩʲôֶΡ
һֱβż˵ħʿҲ˷ǣҲͲءʼС˰ΧȦûһᣬವĳ˼ǰһ֣㿴֮ǰһֱΪƶ̫޷ħʿħϿȥȻû̫Ĳ졣Ҫ˵ô˶ںڼ֮°ˡǵƺһŮԵħ֮ˣΪ䲻СһЩͷҲδͷֻǴһ黤ҰһͷӨ׵ͷ֮⣬ݱһɫɴڵȻݱڵǴһ˫տ˫֮ȴǿ޵Ȼɫɴ֮²֪һ˵ݡθߴ󡢿ģ
˶Ǻڼ׺ڿֻǵײڶѣڵܹҫĿĺâһƺһڼҲǷƷǵΧԽ¿ʼһĺɫħƣҶԨɢϢ˼ɱϣȴ˼ѹ֡־ĸо
ҶСǵһħ壬ϿȥƺҲû̫ĲֻĹȴرˣҴֱ۵ĸоƺħһҪǿһ֣һǲ֪˶ٿսġǵսж٣ֻеȵܹ֪֮ˡ
ˡħħʿƮĹȡʿƿӡˡǳĵжԹϵ˼ۺ졣߶֪ԷʵףҲ˶໰㾡Զ
ֹУǷֺ֮졣ǰһ̻Ƿƽ˾һȴǷһ㡣Ҳʹ˵֮࣬ʹ÷ֱȻħ֮Ҳʹ÷֮ˣʹõķȴǶ絶һ㣬ֳַҷҲͬеĵһ㣬ֻԹΪĿĵġҲΪǶʿڵǲ࣬ˡЩħÿÿ֣䵶ȷ֮϶Ю񲻿ɵħЩڵħǲƣǴǷֱ֮ɢ¡
ħһ׺ģļʿԵѵöࡣһֻ˫ֲϱ任ŷǿ޻ǷɽչԷһʿʽ֮ƸǿһЩҲԵúһЩ
ûϼغϣҶС㷢һص㡣֪ΪϪԪӤʿΪһЩϵҲΪĬһЩΪ⼸ħħʿΪƮĹУѾܵսһͲѵ״̬ԿʼȻЩħʿһʵǿǴһ֮㷢ʵֻâǿʢѣһʼûռʲô֮󣬱㿪ʼЩԵļʿȴǳս˳ԽսԽѹƵħʿֻз֮޹֮ܡ
Ȼִһ֮󣬱һħʿڼֲסϪһش֮һħӿһ˿֮ӿ˲㽫˰ҶСʶõǱ˵ħʿȻħڼݵʱھ޸˿ڵĴˡϪʵǿɽȽ׼ߣɽѾں˽顣һ֮󣬵ڶ¹ø죬ħʿո޸һ㣬δüӦϵĵڶĲѾ˲䣬ħʿδüԮ֮ʣθߴħʿһ˻֮ϪķɽնΡΪϪķɽ֮ʵ̫񱩺ǿʢڽħʿն֮һζε֫徹Ȼɵ飬ɢɳ
ھһɱħʿ֮Ϫ˱еڶĸħʿɱֻʣ˰һŮڵħʿ֮󣬲˸ǰļ˶֡ҲǹϣһƲԣҲ࿴һ۱ɱͬ壬һХ֮ħʿһڵ磬ֱͬһȥ
ϧǾٿ죬Ҳ첻ϪĶƷɽ˴æȥ֮ʱˮȴһ֮׷˶ˣͬʱǷɽ֮ںϵĽҲֳƣǷɽ֮Ϸһͷһ㣬һڱ㳯ҧȥ
Σʱ̣һҶСڵļʿȲѡȻΣʱ̣ո֮ʱȥͬ忴һ۶δħħʿ֮УǸθߴ󣬱۰֮Ѿ˵ħʿȴͻȻͣת˫ƺϲһشֱϪˮȥͬʱħʿлŭһߣ
ħȻ֮ħʿľ磬ǵûﵽܹ뷨ɽӲĵزοǴ˵Ȼǿ֪ġͼˮͺһͷһ㣬񱩵Ľ沢ǽʿնô򵥣ֱӽֱۺмɢǽħʿŹᴩֱӺϰֻʣ¸ͷ­һ±ɳȥȴֻ˿粽¡ѾˣȻڹԵĳǰ˼ŵڵδһĳ鴤¡
ħʿȻûϪķɽǶӻ乥ȴмáڻǿħ֮ˮҲƺǿ֮ĩҲ˼ֻۼŮħʿδͬ鱻ɱһ㣬ֻǽµĺɫħʢһЩ˲ʧ˼˵ǰܿ죬ҶСʶҲҲˡ
һսоգҶСҲڰԼ⼸һ𵹻ǰȫ˲֪ٱȻԼжĽʿһ𣬾ôһΪħʿǳһˡڵãΧܽɱˣܵһˡ֮⣬ҶСҲǵһʶħսʽȻ֮ǰҲѾǲ֪ʲôΪģҶԨϵħսȴֻǿһˣսʽ
Ϊ͵ԪӤʿЦݣкȡǱɱ˵ħħʿͬʱҶСȴһ⣬ħ֮ˣȻ֮ʱǺǣңϼʵȴѪ٣ԵħʿͷһΪŮħʿӮһ
ȻҶС֮ǰ˸ҶԨϵħ֮ûнӴħ壬ǻͷֵɽħʿģ޷֪ġβ²⣬ֻǸǰ龰ˡ


ڶ Ĺ
£ҶСȴ˶ħһʶħҲѰʱ֮ǰ顢Įħ飬ֳֻķʽͬˡ

Ǽħʿħ֮ӦҲǵλ֮ˣһ϶Ǭ֮ҶСҲħϻЩʲôûʲôǼԪӤڵʿҲûҪħǬ˼
⼸ħʿѾһ㵱Ϊǿħ壬֮δи߽׵ħ˸ɢħ֮⣬ħҲδϺһ·ǱǰķʿԿҲûʲôǿġԾ͸ûʲô迹ˡ
ҶСһֱʶܣһֱûʲô״һ߷һ߿ʼ
ǼԪӤڵʿҲΪոջɱһħʿ¸߰в̸Ĺĵеħ嶼ǲһɱһ㡣
Ϊûʲôǿĵֿһ˷еٶҲ˲١ڣǼħʿ֮ļ֮ҶСһ˽Ĺ֮
һεڴ޴Ŀܷ֮һμ˶ѧһЩȻ˸һڣһĿܳż˼йֻϧȻǿ󣬵ڼԪӤʿ׼֮£Ƭ֮㱻٣Ƭ
˲֪յķУ˵㡣ԭԪӤʿڵ㻹вٹ˼ɣǾħʿһսһĴĹĵѾѰʿܹ֮أıﲻƷ׶ҪȵĲϲ٣ԪӤʿʮڴġ˵󣬱㲻Ÿ·ѰΪˡ
ԪӤڵʿҶСڵڴһЩΪĿģˡһ¥ʯôеĿҲʹɣҪȥƻԪĵˡ

һ˹Ĺ㣬㷢ǰ漸Բ֮ͬƺΪ£еȻŨһЩҲΪĹʱ̫ԶһЩЩʯڵķ϶֮оȻҲһشصֲ
Ũֲ֮ѰֲҲմȾٵҩҩοһشصֲﻹЩҩЩǽڵķ϶֮洦ɼҩǵҶСڿ֮
㣬ƺҲһЩ֮ΪԽԽԶΧռ֮еħϡ˲٣ռҲࡣ
˼һ㣬Ȼܵһ泩ĸоҶСʶҲȻɢȥΧʶС
ΪĹÿһ㶼͵ĲãԼ˸һǰﻹûǰ漸ʿ߹ĺۼʶĿܶѾٳɲӵġƺҲûʲôͽ׵ħ֮࣬ħʿҲżôһѡ
ֱַ֮󣬼˲Żǰʿ߹·ߡȻٵΣն࣬ҵĻҲԵ
㵱йȻ˲ٵıһǰʿе·ߺûգʮ˵ҵһȻⷨƷײ̫߶һЩ𻵣ȴһͷ
Ĺԣʲôɽ֮ıҲΪʱڵĿռƬһɢ÷зֵıֻҪԼӼʹˡ

һ˷ٶȣѰͬʱҶСҲʶɢ˲ͬеԪӤʿֵ޶ȡѰģһķǷɽ֮⣬ǾǼҲҪܻ¥ʯ
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֪ǲǼ˵ֹһʼĹûյʱҵһΪֹˡΪħʿ֮ѾգͰѱﶼѹεĲ֮࣬һֱûҵʲô֮ࡣ
һʼ²һԾԾԵԪӤʿΪʧ
λǰҪҪߣ
ڼ˵ǰһ·ڼ˴Ŵ·нʱһֱƲڵҶСͻȻ˵
ʵ˱ҲҴײǷҵʲôģֻΪǷеģϲһЩһЩ·С·Թƹȥġ
һҶС飬ǴͷϪͣɻʵΪʲôҪ·㷢ʲô
ûзʲôֻǿһնûҵʲôϾѾһ֪ħ·֮ϵıﶼѾѹεĲࡣԲ鲻ԿЩƫ֧С·ܷЩʲô
Զԣ˵Ǹ·ôʱ䣬˿ܡ֮ɶûˡǿһħҲû˵׼ЩħѾѰѾһ㡣ԲʲôûʣˡǾС·˵ҪʲôûУǸɴֱµ㣡λʦֿΣ
ҶСһ˵꣬һʼͻ࣬ƫЩ³çʿ㿪ֵ֧ҶС˵ûзԪӤʿ֧֣Ч㲻һˡȻһԪӤʿ֮˵༸Ҳ׷׵ͷϪͬ£żתͷС·֮з˽ȥ

ҶСȻ޹顣֮ǰѹЩħ֮͵õһ֮ʱûзҶСһ˼¶ǻص֮ҶСһЩʯ֮ΪˡڹĹеı֮ҶСǲܷ﷢ֵģս·ΪƺһЩǰܾܿ¥ʯĴڡ
ҶСĽ飬ЩխС·С·֮иպɵÿͬʱУȻЩխҲ㲻ӵԼ˵ٶҲδж½
һС·֮󣬱һֱ·һֱǰ죬ڷԼĪʱ֮С·һգ֮ǰĴ·ƽеķ򡣼Ҳδ룬ǰȥ
˻δ״ҶСȴԽΪʶУǰɲֻһѡû뵽ǣǰʱֻʶзһЩоܻ¥ʯĴڡڿýˣʶҲͿøû뵽ǣС·ǰȻɢŨıڡǱΧȻħϢӸӦħϢʮǿģЩħҲħʿȽ׵ġ
һ֮ǰͬΪЩħﲢǶҶСһм˵ġһֱǱ֮ΧͣͲǰƺǰıȻѾ֣ȴ޷һ㡣
ҲΪЩħһֱڹעȡǱһֱδҶСһСϪȷ˵ħãʱȻѾħЩһֱͳʿ̵ʿȻҪħְġ˷ܵǣһһЩ֮ǾȻⷢ־ǰЩħ֮ȻбϢɢһ͸Ӽᶨ˼Ҫħľˣ⣬Щħ忴ҲħʿȽ׵Ĵڣϵ֮ҲǺ˵ĶϾħ֮֮ʿҲʹõõǺܶණ֮ȴǺҵõģһħʿǬ֮ͺܿǺмֵ֮ˡ
δЩħĸǰ˱кͣΣ׼͵ϮһΪǼԪӤʿͻϮҶС˼˵ػԶԶĸڼ˺档ҲΪ˼ԪӤʿڽ֮ʱûй˼ɣԷʩΪ


ڶ һʯ
֮ǰҶСҲѾܵǰûǼԪӤʿô򵥣ƺӺܶࡣܹǵսϣ飬˲Żġ
ȻԶԶĸں棬ҶСʶȴǽǰһжеġ
ÿĽˣſǰħӰ֮еȷвٵħʿ𣬴һо֮࣬ħħ鼶ħڲףΪһȺħ̫߽֮࣬׵ħҶСʼŻ޷޷̽ġ
ûãǰսѾʼΪЩս֮ϾȥעҶСģĵҲԴһЩʶŵĸһ֣һȻԶʶȷʵһ
һ̽ŷǼԪӤڵʿƺ̫һЩ֪Ϊǰļħʿֳս̫ǿŸħʿȷһһ׺ϻħħ˸һ¶滹ûƬ̱㱻ЩħΧ
սһ֮ҲԼ̫ˣЩħﲢԤǰöԸѾãħʿȴһҲδˡֻǻɱٶ˵ûжвħħһμĺܿҲħħʿȽ֮еľˡ
սĳħһƾ˶ڣϷλáǼԪӤڵʿѹҲԽԭ͵ϮսҲݱڵͻΧսʱҲҵü֮޼䣬Եܹ໥ܹúͰһˮ©˿ȥ˫˽ȥǶʿһΪ˴ʱϪƾԪӤڵʵʿһ֦һĴڣȴҲûתսֵˡ
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ȻƻҶС֮ǰǲ֪ģֱϪ˵˼ƻŵ֪ҶСѾûʲôӰ죬ѾﵽԼĿġϪһֱһ𣬾˷Ҳûнķݣʲô뷨ô±һɱͷ¥ޣһЩ߽ʿʬˣڽϵʿɱ֮ʬ嶼ᱻʿȥϾڰĴʿиʬͻҲһҶСȡʵֻħʿʬװˡ

һյķ֮Ϫоյ˵֮
ΪڹĹеʱоƫģҶСԼΪֹ˴ӽĹӦѾнӽһµʱˡһµʱ䣬ҶСмɱһͷ¥֮δֹһ·϶ڱ·СǲﵽĿģȡ¥ʯһͻƣٶơ֮еá
ҶСͬʮȴǺϪЩͲס˵ſڣѾһһ˵ءһӵʿͬҲԪӤڵٮٮߣһϪپ¶ϲɫһǵȻϪ˲ࡣϸһһ֮ͬһʵǿħ飬ǶƺǸովʲôսħʿȼֻˣ˵ли˵ģƺǸովܹʲôսһ㡣һϸ˵ƺϪһӡ
Σһӡ֤һȻѾħѹεĲˡһħʿѾһΪ̰ͼδü˳Ķˡûʲôħ壬ûʲôȷûмȥ塣ȷŹĿֲԴ㻹ٵȵȣһЩٰͬȫϻ١ǵõʲôҲҪȥòǡ
˼棬ԪӤʿ֮ȻǿͿ˵ֻһ˿ҶСһڵʿҲڶﲻΪȣϪȻʵʵ˵˵ҶСĳλֿѵͽܣԴһͽȫҲܶʶʶ
Ϫ˵ҶСҲδ⡣ֻ˸񣬱ԼһȥˡһӵʿЩ֮⣬ҲȥҶС
ҶСһϥ±뵽Ԫһľ硣
һ˵ĹĹ֮ȻһֱûʲôΣգȴǽһʶԼС뵱ڶֻ֮ӵһԪӤʿ֮оҲǽ𵤺ڵΪѡԾǽھѾԵöô˲𣬿ҶСһ˹Ĺ֮ӴȴԪӤʿʿħﵱֿˮƽһԱȣôܲԼʵ


ڶ Ĺ
Ĺһ֮㷢һЩͬռʯɫѾ漸ɫٺɫطѾʼЩ΢𣬲֮ҲʱִǽڻǶľʯ¶һĴ󶴡
ܵʵٶǿĴͿϻŷġ֮ࡣʽ֮֮ÿһʮǿĹеĿܻ޸ҶС֪飬벻ȴԽǿĻָԽ졣֮ֵľһŴ󴸣ԲɫʯɵɶߵľͿܡһ־һȺÿһвԪӤڵΪԪӤڵʿԸΪס
һ棬ĵ֮ϳ˵ʯ֮⣬ҶС񻹷˼ĶﾹȻʯ̨Щʯ̨֮ϸŸֹߺһЩķϡЩҶСһ۱ϳЩʯ̨֮ϵĹ߾ȻĹߣʯ̨ԱߵķһЩƿʣµĲϡĿӦöǴЩʯ̨֮Ƴɵˣֻǲ֪ʲô˶ǿܡ֪ȥɲػĹ
ҶСһҶСǶʮһˣжʮԪӤʿҶСһڵʿһǿ㵱ĽʵǿĿܣôʵ׵ԪӤʿɱҲ¡ֻҪ൱ڷʿĿܻħħʿǶ̫յġ
ҶСǸϪ˲ԶȻǴ֧Ĵ˶ԪӤʿǵõʲôҲʲô飬Ҳ̫ģֻǸڶ鵱аħ֮󷵻صˡȻ֮ǰܹҲٺò

û죬˱㷢ĿѾûлָȫĿˡԱԤ뵽ӦǸո߹˵زõġ벻ķʿովħڸ
ҶСڽ֮лעЩԪӤʿܵսֻԹԵǵ˺ȴǲòͣˣΪһҲѡǹȻʿĲ²⣬Χڿʼ˴ħӰħʿĵȼҲħϣħʿһʮҵġԪӤʿжʮˣȻǽ˻вСķա
սԽң֮Ҳڿʼˡ֮һֱоԵƣټڵÿһԪӤʿǾѡγ͵ĽɫǵʵҲҪȾħʿǿԳһЩΪʧ˵ʿ֮⣬ûʲô̫ˡ
Щɱħ֮ȻЩԪӤʿѹȥעʬ壬ȻͱҶСҶСȻЩԪӤʿΪȣɱ˶ᱦģûɱʬġʬҲûһôҶСȻЩ֣ȴҲûȥ˺ÿһڱѹǬҶС񶼻ȥȡʬ壬ҲϰΪȥˡ
ҶСȡħʬʲô
ǷеУϪ鵱ԪӤʿڰ಻סк棬ɵҶСʵ
ʦù㷺˵Ҫоħ֮ЩħƽѰøʦȥоо
ҶС˵ǣɫݵĴʹݰţɴְƵϡݰĴžΪͷԣΪڵǸð취ֻǿݰҶСһδóơպ˵׼鷳
ǣݰ֪ڸġȻǶȤ⻹ħϡٺ١
ʿһЦһ䡣ݰǴΪһ
Ȼݰֱ˱һΣǴ˺ȴû˹ҶСΪˡ
ΪӿڳʿĵҶС񻹺ãҶСڵԿҲȥһҶСݰţȴ˱ģϾԼʦҶСȻⲻ˶ݰΡҶСҲУǶݰڲѷʿ丶ӦĴۣݰıͽôݰݡġأ
Խ룬ĿܺͻõԽħֿԽּħӦҲǸոս緢չЩʿӦҲǰ治Զˡ
ҶСһ·߶飬ջȴǼġħʿʬ׾˶ʮߣħʬϰˡԪӤʿҲǰս֮ڼħʿͬһ㹥֮ˣͬҶСһ㱻ڶġ
һգƺƵһڸܵǰһ𵴵֮вħݺᡣȻԶÿһβȴܹĸܵõҶСʶ֮УҲһƬĺħڲδܣһȺħΧĴзϼʢһⲻдС
ѾҲһµʱ䣬׷ǰķʿ顣ڿЩʿΧУܹΧסʿȻħȼħˡǰɢħӦûħʿħħ
ƺǰʿҲǣǸոһˣǰʿĴٻЩʿʶƷѾ˼ǿľ磬˾֮Ҫֺʹʲô¡
֮Ȼ˶ǰսй˼ɣԭͬóȻǰȥзʿٻȴҲòǰȥЩʿиһʼҪħɱеѪʿһٻ֮󣬱㾡ȫУֱǰսȥ
ҶСȻҲŶһͬȥǰȴ뼸˹صԪӤʿһڶ

žҶСǰܹܵŨħݺħ֮УǼ̫һҫĿһƬħ֮вϴУ֮ħıܹǼҫĿԿģħīһ㻷Ƶħѡ
ҶСһֱûȫٷУ뼸˵ԪӤʿһٶȡδϵսڣǰԪӤʿѾɱսŵС
ҶСǵһμ˹ģĸ߽ʿսֻսŵֻڵʿħħһǽħʿǴħħˡ
÷ɵԽһЩҶСŷǰĿռѾı仯ΧĵǽںͶﶼѾһƬںڣǸѣǺǱʴһ㡣ЩӲʯ壬ҲƺǱ͹һɢһֵζ
ķڼսǸʿûܹýȥΧЩħʿʵҲֻһЩɧŵáЩԪӤʿһֱЩħʿɱȥ
ʱħ࣬ҶСҲֻСһһֱЩħħɱȥ
ҶСʱҲδΪֳַɽâһࡣʩչΪȻֻΪһСҲ㣬ս֮ȴѾ㹻ʩչٶһЩЩ˻ˡϾҶС߿ɻм˵ԪӤʿһֱһġ
Ȼħ֪ж٣ҶСƾͬʱʩչΪЩħİΧ֮ݺˡÿһǲɱһħҲնһҶСһɱһ߿Զ뿪Ǽ˵ԪӤʿ


ڶ ħ
ǼߣģҲǶҶСһּӡһҶСȻҪʿɱûʱȥ˼ҶСģֻҪЩ˵Ĺ۲췶ΧҶСࡣ
һֱҶСǽС΢ڼԪӤʿ֮ǰǱ˵ĳЦΪܲ˵Ҫ֮ҶСֻһЦһҪⱾܽĽײ֮ȥҲֻͬҶСĵʥҲŭ𣬺οҶСʥˣЩƫִԸѹ֮ãͺƱһһֱܲѡ
žǼԪӤʿľԽԽԶҶСÿһ̺֮ǿһ֡һƬħΧ֮вһһÿһ⻮ͷħ鱻նɱôһħҶСɱ
ԽԽԶҶСĹ֮ҲʼںʶȻЩħΪʶأԶʶΪǿ󣬵ƾҶСΪҪƳȴ̫֮¡һķɽ񲻿ɵ
ڣҶСΧ޴սһİȦΧϵնɱͽ׵ħͬ׵ħ
ս֮еǶԼԶҲûлȥԼҶС˼һ㰴಻סеһĪһһĸߴħͷ­бб֮˼һתŵͻȻû˼ķ֮ͼǸոձɱħҶСķɽδջصɲ֮ͺǴڲտһ㣬߽⣬ֽδһһģÿһ֮лһɳɫš󷢳ġһٶȷֽΪƬ֮С
ҶС֮ϣȴһŵЩɫĹԡһ̣ҶС˫۾һһŰԱವһ±ҶС֮Уֻ֮һ˿һأɢˡ
һŰɫԱ֮ҶСһü侹ȻأԸֳһɫС籾ӦͷųɫâħȴΪвħֳ˰ɫħ޷յģ㻹һ˿ϸ΢ħˡҶСͷֳһʥ沿֮µģʱḡֳҶСԼҲûиܵõġ
֮вϵҶСħҲḡֳɡ
˵ʱʱ졣ҶСʵһħֻǼ֮¡ոһħ飬Ĳ֪ĳЩ˶ĵħٶȴҶСȥ
ҶСȴǿҲÿһ֮бһдıħҲǱҶСΪѾֻҪһԿγɽԸһħһȻ㹻
ոҶСֻǳһս֮ʱħЧЧԶ׼Բ˵ֻǿϧ˱֮ħı仯Ч̫ԣҪս֮͵͵ʹò˷ֲˡ
ҶСո뵽Ч˼һתȻ̡ԼʦûаϣɴһݣƵϱˡ
ݰһϰĹвƫ֮ʱҶСɱħزͬһ㣬ֻҪҶССһЩӦòᱻ˿ħԾ˻ֻҪ˵ݰµˡ
û˹˼ɣҶСʩչҲʹ
һͷħ̺ʵ̫΢һЩԸոһͷжٵӰ졣棬ҶС㽫ĿǴħϡ
Ѿǽ𵤳ڵҶСѾ֮ͬδ֡ѾǽڣЩħǵӦ֡ЩħΪóҲҶС˼ʿս֮ʱԷɽԺ䣬ײ
ħѿѾ죬һҶСɱսţƾһڵΪɱķŭЩԪӤʿ𲻵ʲôãһʵ޼ʿȻҲˣ⡣±׷׷ȥЩԪӤʿνĹתҶСΧȥ
ǾͼһĻֻԶսĵһ֮УһȺħΧһʱһħ֮ϻһħʱħԾСսȥ
һȺħΧģ㵱ΨһһʿҶС
ʱҶСȻ塢Ϊͬʱʩչ˳潣䷢£ÿһն㻮һƬĻÿһĻ֮ħǲ֫Ǵڲȵɻɻңɢա
ħ飬ħǿ̫ࡣΪħ̫࣬ҶСһҪֵһһħһҪڵһʱʩչѾɱħһʱܿѾ޷ʱѾʱյ֮֮۵ҲԽԽ
ΧħΧҶСȥҶСͻ˲ٵȴ޷նװɢ
˼һתҶСȻϸ֮ŵ̺˴ţ±㳢Žնϸ֮СһԣȻȻܹ뵽ϸ֮Уҵϸ֮ȻҲɢȻҶСǣһš
ҶСҲɣնɱħͬʱħתΪΪŨͼÿһħնɱ֮󣬶һɽɫĹҶСաħתΪֻǱҶСֱգȴϸ֮С
ħѾ൱ڽڵĴڣ֮ϵΪѾڵľ磬ҶСΪͬһ硣ƷеıҶСҪһЩҲвСڣÿһħõǲݺӵġҶСѾնɱͷҺ滹вħȥʲôħʿʬ壬ЩħҶСΪ𵤺ԪӤˡ
ʵ֮ϲǼ򵥵ļμӣͬһһڶǰһħӵֱӼӳһħʵǿΪĻĶѻԶյҪࡣͺñһʿ˽ڣ˵Ѿǲ֪൱ڶٽܹ̺ѻܹΪҶСÿһħΪҲֻԶѣΪֱӵ൱ڼӳһħΪ
ȻյܹѵΪΪֱӵĵӣ˶ħۺѾʵǺӴ֣ҶСϸ֮һŽӲӵҲѾ˶ޱȡڲϵעĵϵΣ˿˶ʮֵΪ̫Ũɢ
ҶСѾҶСŭ۵ħɱ֮ʱȻϸ֮еһҶС±һѵŻĻΪ۵̫ɢ
ҶСһ˿ʶ̽뵽ϸ֮Уһŷ仯벻Ŵʱڻƶţƶķǳķͬʱϻһ˿˿Ľ˿һֱΧϣֻǽ˿һֱ̽뵽֮١
ҶСˣԭЩҶСܹܵõʱΪעһǿ׳


ڶ ɱķ
ҶСôԼȻҲϰ׹ʱӦôЩǡÿԸϵ
ɾɣԼʶǿԲ˵ֻһƲлԪҲ֪ҶСǿ˶ٱڴʱӦǲҪȥӦҲѾͣھۻҲȥΪؼûע룬ôֻƾԼõһһƾʱܴﵽǿɣξǿҲǿ֪ġ
ڣͻȻע룬˵ǡ¶꣬ʹͬľ괺һ㡣
֮ʱ㹻ע룬ôЧΪΪݵķһҶСиܣһȻЩ±ҲǣЩǰͬʱʶϸ֮г
ոΪҶСķ񣬶ħնɱԳЩ΢֧Ϊħʵ̫࣬ҶС̧һԼǰϷȫ˫Ŀ죬ξ޴ħ
ҶСʶ뿪ϸڿȫɱСΪ֪ʱǹؼʱ̣áҶСȻעϸͬʱѾֹͣԼȥÿÿһֻħ㽫еϸʹáһ棬ҶСҲԼΪٶͷһ֣ԭҶСȥĴħڱεİΧ֮ож磬ûһѹһֹʱЩħ㲻ʱţЩħڿʼóҶСΧ֮ҲǱΧͬͨһ㣬ʼܹӷ϶֮пüԶΡ
ЩħֻǿҶСʵЩʿΪ΢Ҳ֪Լĸ߽ʿҲڻҵĽɫԷһԽԼңԱ㿴ҶС񡣿һɱŷҶСҲǸӣʱѾħҶСħѾ֪նɱ˶٣ҶС˵ûһ˿ڣģҲδһ¡Ȼʵδȫӵģ
ڣħ֪ҶСնɱ˶֮ЩħʶʵĲ࣬ǰʵΪ΢ʿҲܶԵȵʵȽסȻ֮пû̫ƣȴÿһ֮жħɴСͬˡҶСͺһС͵Ľһ㣬Ȼһٽеħɱȴǲ˶ħΧκãᱻһĽЩħ飬֪ʲôرĹÿÿɱħҷʬҲ¡
ڣ֮Ⱥ鼤ܵħҲڻָǡԽԽٵħҶСܶħΧҶС񣬶תͷǼϵԪӤʿȥħˣҶСĿ±ǼϵԪӤʿﻹҪ졣Ƭ֮ҶСΧѾ˴ħ
Σû֮ҶСͻûħɱ˵ս֮еħ̫٣Ϊս̫ҶС²˴󵨵ʩչҲ˵ᱻͬԪӤʿɣһһħʿע⵽ҲкùӳԵġҶС֮ͬоԵΪͬĺôҪǿսҶСҲûôˡΪ˵ҪսʤħʿĵֵǲףҪħʿ»ҶСҪеΪӳɡҶС˷ɱħҲƫսĽԶĵطûбħĸ߽ʿע⵽Ȼݵһֱ˷ħʿԸˡ
ҶСò˶ħЩħɶĴ֮ΪкôÿһñɵһĴڣǰװߡ
ʶһ̽ƺûʲôʶڼԼΧһҶСʶ֮б۳Ӱɽһ۳ͱɢΧħȥӰɽͻȻϮʱɱ˸ħһֲ¾׼ӿħУһӾͺͻȻʧһվԭһҶСѡȹĶЩۿҪߵħԾͿõΧħڲԾȥǸոձһȴͻȻļȻͣס
ͬʱҶСķɽҲһնȥĿͬǱնİӰɽԪħһɱ֮
ҶСڲʩչȴһɫĻ浱Уصĵɫ֮лһŶצÿһ֮乥˿ڷɽ
ҶСһЩħ˲㿴ƺҪĻҪ졣ҲҶСѾǽȦ£ȥȻѾ޴ӣЩħȻԴУһž޴ͬաһֱۣɢĵɺâηֱҶСȥȻѾûл·㲻һˮһս
Щħһ˺ݾʱһΪʮɣ֮вѸҲǸѰΣʱ̳ܹӳѰӵеЩħȻˡϧҶС񲢷ֻǵʵһ㣬ǽԪӤʿѹԾԵǿǰ㳬ʵȻûκεá
ҶСʩչΪߣЩħٵҲԽԽûãҶСΧѾֻʣϡϡļͷħ⼸ͷħȴɷħеĺݾȻǼʶôͬ屻ɱҲ֪ȴ˿ľ£ǵԲһ˫ŭĿ˻ߵ˻ųҶСնȥ
ȻģҶСƾ֮ͬоԵǿ󣬸û˿Σձ㽫ʣļͷħɾ
һҶСһɱħаͷڣϸ֮ǽӲӵѾĺһŽâһתΪͬҺһĴڡڰ֮л䶯ţʱһ㡣žϷתţϸϸ˿̽һֱӵϡ
ҶСеħ֮Žʶ̽ϸУЩĸȻࡣƬʱ䣬ҶСѾܹܵõԵı仯
Ҳѹ֣תֻҶС˶ѡԼҲǲ߱ģȻȴֻһѣûа취ȥʲôתΪġûЩĸöǿҲֻպˡû㡣
֪ǷҲܹ˼ȻȻᾪڴһʱһʱ⳾ǳԪƶҪȥֵȴԶƬ֮ȦɱħңʱҶСǸ¶ҪָСëͷȴѾܹĪáңҶСΪܹ˻ᾡϧһд۵Ҳοˡ
ڽΧеħɱ֮ΧħȻƤҩһҶС񡣲ЩħɱɱҶСûʲô壬˳ɱͷɱһ·Ǽ˵ԪӤʿȥ
ҶСʱǼ˵ԪӤʿԶԶԶȴҲﻹвٵħǵƵ۸èһ㣬һȺħԪӤʿΧ˵СսĴ˫ȴһֽŵ״̬ʮԪӤʿԼħʿڵʿȴڲϹħʮħʿ


ڶ ħ
ȻȥԪӤʿս֮ƺƣǷڵսȴŲСơԷڵʿЩħʿȻ٣ȴǼ΢ġҪǿħֵʿĹʿƺÿһʵħΪСһЩħͽһʱֵܹסʿĹˡȥǻᱻһħܣôħʿħȵȶȻǱɽϾͻɾˡ
ʵڵս֮ħȻЩ΢ƣȴġǲߣΪʱﻹ̫ħʿħħǶˡһˣЩͽħȴǾ޷ѷʿ׷ɱġԭǻ˵ֵסʿħʿħħ룬ȴ뻹δ׼ӿʮԪӤʿѾɱһӱ㽫ƻңǣסЩħʿȥҲֻǿֵѰˡ
֮ǰǼԪӤʿȷ˵һЩȻڵǲڱЩħ˵ƺ״ҲδõҶСû뵽ʱ⼸˾Ȼۼһ໥ס˱˴˺󷽣Դ˲ܹħΧаȻǻƽȮۣõļԪӤʿȻ䵽һȺħΧĵز
һ龰ѹ֮ǰЩħҪҶСֱ˵ԪӤʿˡ
ʱҶСսѾܽǰʩչնһɽ·ԾһʩչһֱһŽɫԡһֻצָɫһ㲻׵оӡ
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ҶС߻ڲϵɱħڷʿǱҲͻơһֱãħʩչ˻Ȼ޷ȡʲô֮⡣һһЩħʿҲѾ߰˰ˣؿħɱ͸ˣʣҲ޼
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ЩǺƵĶܲͬħһħƱͷҲصķ׷һһڵ˽ȥ˲䣬ռ֮меħͶħ
һ˲ͼǴХٶ𣬶ħƱһʼֱƮĹȥ
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ҶС˶ЩԪӤʿ͸ûʲô˵ˡһҶСǲħʿħħʬ嶼һǬռ伫󣬾ЩʬѻɽҲǷŵµġ
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ΪֹҶСԼɱħѾħʿʬҲʮߣħħʬ͸ˡϸ֮еӦ㹻һԲżȥֻʱЩħʬǬȥ
һʰ׵֮ҶСеԪӤʿѾʼʶһ̽⡣½һʢֱȥ䷽ʱ߹ķ
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ʿһҶС֮Ҳе㶪˾ҪԼעⰲȫ㲻ٹ

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Ľߴ˹ЧѾϵһЩѰЧˡܹ֮Ը¥޵ķҲǼټİɡ
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⣬Ҳ˵ڴ˵Щħ淴˻ΣաЩԪӤʿһͬ˵棬ôҪҲҪһ鷳ϪһֱýģϪȥ׷ħ壬ʱȻ˲ҶСľѻᡣ
ܲһ֮ǷΣʱҶСûжټɡ
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Ϊ¥޵ָҶС֮гһЩԶ·ȥ¥ޣҲû߶ٵԩ·нٶȷʱ˲١ûж죬˳˷صĲڡ

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ָǵʱѹסˣҲӰվ쳤֮շħΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳ҶСҪرȥϴġ
ҶСѾԼԼܹѼȫֲϡʱҪȥ֮УȥѰ̣ƻԪĵԪĵ֮ҶСԼȻ֪ĲȴԼûеģԪĵѾɵҶСɹҲǼ͵ġ㹻ĲҲǲóȻƵġ
ǵʱҶԨݵطٶȷ֮ȥ֮ʱ˲ٵ鷳һȥȻҪ²ǣֻҪ͵͵Ǳ뵽ɷΧ֮ڣ뵽ҵ̱ԣҪ̫ʲô˶ȥ֮Ҳᱻ˷ֲǡ

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ڣҶС֮Уʹڵĵҩɢٶٶȼӿ֮ǰٶȴﵽޣɢٶȣҶС֮ʱܴﵽٶȡҶС֮ʱֻҪ˼һڵĵҩɢٶٶȼٷȻľҲҪҶС估ʱղǡ


ڶ ٲ
ԭɢҩٶȾѾѰ࣬ҶСһҩͷŵٶֶȻΪԶһʿ˲֪٣һƾΪٶȣѾ൱һǰٶȡ
ٶɲҶСܹﵽٶȣһҩɢٶȶ˳֮ҶС㿪ʼǣϸ֮еۻɢļƷֱ뵽ԼĽ֮СۻٶȸǾˣֻҪжθڣܳ¶ٵͿṩҶСգһͬһ˽ķһ㣬ϵͷż侫ƷʼƷ
ΪٶжҶСԼжģҶСʱ·ۻһ㣬ͿҶСٶܹж졣
ҶСεƴȫԼٶȣۻ񶼺һ߸ϵλãҶСͼܹٶȴﵽۻͷļٶȵ֮ˡ
ҶСڵľ֮ǿͺʹ׳Ѱɱȡڴӵ֮ͷŵҩתѾľҶСȻڲŴۻ֮ɢļƷ뵽Ľ֮СΪۻǿԴϸֱ֮뵽֮УԻƹһھ֮в͵ɢͻ
ⲢȫûӰ죬Ϊٶ޵ġҶСҪ̽ѰģԼĽٶȣ̶жٵٶȡѰʿ֮ʱܹﵽþܼ޵Ļᶼ֮٣ҶСȴѾڳýٶҲﵽޡڣҪ̵ʱ֮ڣ̶ȵԼΪ
ҶСʹ֮ԽתԽ죬ΧŵŨһҺ̬ȻٶѾڲţ޷ҶСȫգŻʹΧһϼһҺ̬š
ҶСĲ𵤵ٶȣǴۻ֮ת
ۿŽٶȷ·ѾǴﵽ˼ޣҶС񲻶ѹ֮£ٶȻܹٶһֱ֡ǽѾʼҫ۵Ľ⣬Χųɫ֮ʱҶСʶѾﵽ˼޵ĳ̶ȡ̶ȣѾǽֳЩ΢ȶ״̬ټȥȻڽ𵤱ѣҲܻԽ˵ġ
ʱۻɢٶҲѾﵽҶСѰҵٶȣ˵ٶȼϵЧٶ˱ϾűٶȡȻνѰٶȣҲеҩʱٶȣҪǶԱͨʿҶСٶȿҪ˼ʮֹˡҶСյǼ侫Ҫٶȥ֮ࡣ
ҶСڵٶȣֻԿֲˡ
ȻٶѾﵽ˼ޣҶСȴȻڼۻгȡҪЩ뵽֮УֱӽЩתΪʶԼʶΪǿȡ
һתΪʶҶСע뵽֮еĴۻԵ̫һЩȻʶΪǿԼеǰĿ٣ΪۻṩûƵģҶСҲԽԼת£ʱۻɢࡣҶСҲͬš
һƽ֮ҶСŹעϸ֮еһšȻƯϷڳɵʱһκ̵ܶʱ֮յٶȼ죬˺ͻȻգǸٶ̺֮Ӵ˵ʵ̫ϡһЩ
ҶСڱڲӰ£Ҳ֮
һ˾ҶС㿪ʼ֮ǣһ˿˿Ľ˿һֱϸ쵽ԼСΪѾͬʱŵҩɢۻͷŵպתʶҪȥ֮еҲòϾǰĶѾǴﵽ˼޵ĳ̶ȣ˿ĲȻҶСҪʵ䷴㲻òԵСһЩ
νСʹ괬ҶСȻʱСٶȻڻš

һһ㣬̶̵һ⣬֮һֻһЩĺ˷Ӧʲôʱ򣬾Ѿʧʡ
֮еΪศʹٶȴҶС
һֱҹڽ˳ķΧ֮ڡڼҶСֻÿһʱһʯУһ·˷һЩʱ䣬ʱ֮С
Ŷ˵ѾǺܳһʱΪ˼׽𵤺ڵľ硣⼸ٸҹûۻ͵ֻǵƾ赤ҩĻΪ绹ԶԶﲻ硣ҶСʮ౶һ൱ԭʮ꣬ٶȾͼ죬ô̵ʱ֮ȡԵĳЧҲǿ֪ġڵҶС񣬾ʱпܽ׵𵤺ڡ
ⲻ̵һʱ֮ڣΨһľϸ֮еδϡһŴСѾСֻеķ֮һСŻǻĸע
ʵ֮еǱҶСնȥɱ˲ٵħ֮Ҳδȫȫա
ڣҶС˳ķΧ֮ڣȴòҪֹͣˡϾ뿪ʱ˸СӵģһԪӤʿԼϵһʿһƷ˴Լ䵽ˡ
ҶСȻֹͣȴδ뿪ֻľıòΣɢϢҶСֻҪԼ⣬ѰԪӤʿ޷Ƶġ
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ҶСҲ;еľһЩűһΣҲδ̫ʣֻǿǸʿȥˡ
֮ҶС˲ɣһҶСĶʱĸ߶ȣΪ˲˵Ķע⣬ٶҲࡣ˿ȥѰĸ·ʿûʲô
ʱڵλþͳ˼䲻һλˡɵı֮һСҶСܻй¶ݡ
ʱڲ֮оͰҶСǻ˵ţȴҲ벻ҶС񻹸ٶȻصɵġҶСʵҪǹȵʿֱᰲȫࡣ

֮ǰ·;֮ϻûбʲô̲飬һ뵽˲ɵϽΧҾ뱾ԽӽʱԽԽѲʿ֡ҶСһ·֮Ҳ̲ΣЩѲʿҲǽڵʿ޷ҶС֮ʵ̲Ҫǻħ룬ֻҪʿ붼ʼŹġ
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ڶ ˮ
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ʵ⸲ɽҶСҲδͣã̶̵һʱУк̲ĽӴ֮Уȴܹܵõûʲô̫ͼı򵥵İҶСʿԼͽһԴ
ɫɫ˵ԸҲǸָе˾ʶ˰ǧ޷ģЩȴһ֡ʦͽһ㣬ദûκεĸĤܿ
ҶСֹУ˵ǶڸɽģǶɽеǸЩŹֵͷ
ɽźһƬģлʱвɫĹתҶС֪ɽŴĽƺȥʱҪǿ˼֡Ҳѹ֣μӲɵıȶڵӵǰȥڱȶ֮ͻȻֳôһ飬ӵˣ̶ܵǣǺ̴鷳Ҳٰɡ
ҶС˼Ÿ֪ͨյɽ֮ϵԼνɽС޼ƿʩʱ򣬺ȻͼǰĽƿʼ˱仯
ֻüɫʼۺϣΪһţһתҶСǰĽƱſһǡǡĿӡѾ֪ҶС

뵽ƵУҶСǰһͷɫ⣬ֻһ׸ңӺǳһһޡȻβ󣬵ǴɢƣȴԿ϶ʵ֮ס޿ҶСҲûʲôıֻ֣ǾĿҶСǰ߹ǿɽŽƵˡ
ϤɽС·֮ϣҶС񻹷ɽ·ԵĿܻʱ¶һ˿ϢޡЩܻ޶ֻδţȴ¶Ρ
ҶСҲᳵ·ʱ̵֮һ̵ͬģһСһƣһĶ滹иһޣһգ㼰ʱȻ۰Ͱ͵ĿȾƳԹӣٲȻһģ
ʦ𣬵ӻˣ
ҶСȹ밲̵ûΪҶСʲô̫Ӱ죬ȻǲôȻˡ
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һ䣬̱վһαһݹ⣬ֱɽķȥ
̷ߣҶСҲϽϡǺɽʱδȥĵطҪֱӴȥĵطˡһֱֹԣҶСԼǷĸ˲С鷳Ȼ̲δʻǹҶСԸȴǲϲΪԼ˴Ҫ鷳
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ʱ̲δҶСʲôһǵ֮ĵطʱǵǰȴһ̶ˮ̶ˮΪɽѵЧʲôӰ죬ʹ̶ˮ֮ҲȻ˲ٵֻǴտ̶ˮϷıܹܵõеŨ
Ұɣ̸һ£ֱӶҶС˵ɫЩĲ˵㲻˾Ǳ˷Ҳѱ㡣ǹȵ϶֮ǣƺõҩȥɣ
ʦ𣡡ҶСһ߰ѷѾǧѼֲһһݵݰϣһ죬Ŀһ˵Ӹʦ鷳ˡ
Ȼݰûϸ˵ǿɽе˽䱸˵ĽԼ鷳ȻС
ʵҶСɽֻҪҸصʿһʱ֪ˡҶСȥ֮ʱǱҶԨϵħ֮˾ߣƾ˵ΪܹͨҶԨӳʿķɱʵʵҲħɵΪ⻹͵ĹƣֹܻܿΪħѾС£ǳǹȵʿҪ׷ҶСȷ۹˽Ҫ߾ȫġҶСóȻˣҲ͹˷ʿΪڳ֮кҶСϵΪеһطͱܵļ粻⸲ɽŶصĻɽҶСһѾ˷ˡ
ԣҲħ年ǣȻñ˶֣һ˴ұһסݰ˵꣬ҶС˵˵²ٶԣպΪԱ֮ʱĪҪǡ㸨֮ǻԪĵΪȷҩƷʣʹˮ֮ҿã
ҶСδüٶԣݰŨҵͼݰһһֻСһ澵һ㴿̶ˮ֮ϡݰɢȻ̶ˮϷıںϵһҶСܹۿü̶ˮƺʧȥһ㣬ȻдСһˮλһŵˮΡΡĻ
һӵʱңˮ̶֮е̶ˮȫݰͷϷ־Ϊ֮˵ҶСҲò档
ˮ֮ҶСжŵģֻΪ̫֮⣬Ժ˶áѰĵ伮֮Ҳֻᵽŵ֮δᵽġ
ˮˮ֮аǿɰˮ֮ˮİԣرƻһ̺֮ʹƳĵҩƷʴﵽѵĳ̶ȡȻԲٿصˮ֮ĵʦҪѰҪ
ݰѡˮ֮иԭ򣬱ҶСﲻܾѰ֮ûи޷Ƴɹģˮ֮Ϊ֮ȫͬĵʱȴԴ̡ҶС񱻷ֵķҲСࡣ
ݰǸţȻǴ˵еˮ֮ҲоƵĻԪĵѾɵĵҩˮ֮Ʒ׵ĵҩҲóˮ̶֮ȺšǷһʱҲпԭ֮Ϊķ̫ӣҲǳưһķΪˣﻹӲŲɵһС֮ϡ
ݰţڵƿ׶ΣһܹͻƣĳɾͱȻֻڲ֪ԪΣܷȵõͻһˡ

֮ĵ¯֮ÿһֵҩҩŸԲͬضʱ䣬ˮ֮ȴû˵ֻݰҶСֲϺвһͬƯϷͬһˮһ̶ˮ֮С֮ͼʼϵĽڵע뵽̶ˮУΪ̫Ӵʹ̶ˮȻҲ֮󣬲ſʼӤʹӤҲע뵽̶ˮ֮С
ʿһ˽ڱԴ棬ڳΪԪӤڱӤˣݰʹõνӤֻӤĻ˿һһ˿һ˿ǧƷ׷״̽˿һȫע뵽̶ˮ֮СǣӳľӨ̶ˮ֮бֶһ˿˿λһӤ
˾ˡҶСʱȴûй۾飬ʱѾ֪֮б˫ĿԼǿʶϸ̶̽ˮ֮κһ˿ϸ΢ı仯


ڶ Ԫ
ˮ֮Ȼ⣬ôǲٵģҶСܹۼǾɷŹġ⣬ݰδΪҶС޹ʸ鷳ʦĦˮḶ́ҲҶС񹼸ܴʲô˵Ҫ֮еľˮ֮Ĺؼ֮
ˮ֮֮⣬ÿһǼѲ֮Ĳٿ̶ˮע̶ˮ֮УҪʹ۶ɢһֱڵעӤУٿӤǧ˿һ˿ߵʹӤ̶ˮҪݣǼ֮¡ҶСҲǱ֮ƽᵱ쿪ˮ֮Żڲ֪֮ȫ˼С
̶ˮ֮еÿһ΢ı仯ӲҶСʶ̽飬ÿһϸ΢ı仯ҲӡҶСԺ֮С
Ӥ㹻֮󣬱㿪ʼЩϳ˿һ㡣ÿһ˿Ӥǲ֮ǵҩһֱҩ̶ˮ֮С̶ˮ֮еֲϾͬʱ˿һ

ݰѾȥ죬ȻƯڰ֮С̶ˮƯͷ֮ϡֻΪʱʱ֣ģӳյѾָɫ̶ˮԵտ
ݰգҶСڲԶһֱĿ˾ա
˽죬ǵɵʱ̶ֻ̡ˮѾвҪҩʼۡΪⵤҩڳ֮ʱҩ໥Чô֮ʱ̺Ҳһͱ⿴ƽ̶ˮ֮Уȴһҵڼٵתš
Ϊҩ̫еĲתסҩ۵ҩʮ֮¡
ŵҩͣ㿪ʼеζ̶ˮ֮ɢζ۶ɢƮһ㽫ɽС
ʱɽбвֻ֪ޱ׷׾ۼ˲Զޣֻ֪ΧһȦӣȫһĴżɻĿݰ
пʼСеĴʼһӨ׹еĲѹһӨ׹ڲϵɢâөһ㣬ǹ⣬˺ͺһһ㡣ڲǿƺҪյĹһϸһ㡣ΪݶĿĹԣʹ̶ˮһƬΧҲʼΪâ̫ʢ޷̶ֱˮ׷ײԾĽ۾
̶ˮ֮еŹԽǿ֮Уҩڻ͡ҲԽԪĵѾɵΪЧ⣬ԲȷൽǼҩȻӯɽɢȥûñ˲پɽʿǡʹ·ʿǷ׷ͣ˶ݹ⣬פ֮еĸɽ׷ʲô仯

ֻǹԴﵽһ޳̶֮󣬾ͼݰͻȻ˫Ŀţһֱü֮չһһ̶ˮ㻩һʧȥ˿ƣɢ
һ̣ҩڴɣ
ڵҩɵһ̣ɽϷ֪ʱͻȻֳһŵơһ֣ͣЪĴд˹ͬԶսһ֮
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Ǵﵽɵ磬ӵ칦ЧƷҩ֮ʱӾ֮µ١Ϊٲʿ׽٣ֻһѡȴü죬һ֣ǾۿҪ¡
ⵤ֮ҶС֪һ״ݰʲôҶС±ȻֳһƮޣһԭأһ±ɵ˿УֱƷȥ
ͬʱĿдٲͷʦ𣬽Ӧǣ
֮ʱҶСݰĿ֮бһӾ֮µľ׺СⵤȻʿ׽ǰоŵɵܹ׽ҲѰʿֵܵһԪӤʿȥֵοҶС㻹ɵ˰֮УǾѾ£ֱӷɵ֮С

Ŀ죬ȥҲ졣һ֮󣬱أɢȥ
ɢȥ֮ڸɽ֮б㻺һƬϼڸɽɽͷ֮ϡһһ㣬ԶԶľ
ݰѾǵҩ֮Уڵ֮ϵŵ׽ٶɻصҶС񡣸ոҶСֵ׽ٵһɲȻݣƾݰȴǿҶСֵһ׾Ȼûƾκȫƾ˵Ǳֵ˵ǱոΪСڿͽƺδ͸ĵطԽأԽǷݰϲáһţҶС͸ݰͽܡ
һеݵҶСУݰһҲͣһץҶС󣬽¶ݹһֱֱһȥһݰȻԪӤڵٶȳɽеһ˹ȥ
ͬ۵糸һķеУҶСݰ֮ʱظɽѾ˲ٵķ϶ע⣬ǹȵҲѾ֣͵뿪
δ䣬ҶСѾĿĵء
ҶСǰһС͵Ĵͷû뵽ݰĸɽ֮лд˵ƷݰıΪƾԼһĴͷҲʲô¡
ҶСݰĻ֮Ѿ֪Ľ֮Ҳԣֱ̤˴ͷ󡣾ҶС̤ϵķͬʱѾݰ֮ĹԱ㻺ҶСС
ʦˣΪ˴֮Ӳ֪ʱټʦЩãȨһƬ⣡ʦ򰲣
ڴ󼴽ҶС뿪һ˲ҶСȻϸ֮ȡһ̻꾧һ̻꾧Ѿϸ̻֮꾧Ĳһ룬ٶöЩȷһʱҲòΪЩʯݰԪӤڵĿʦǴôġЩ̻꾧˵׼ݰƳһһǿ˵׼ܹڷʿǰܼѹ
ʱǼ̻꾧ݰǾȵĺϲ£ˣڼҶС˸ӳһץ̻ܵ꾧ĸоֻȴ֮лᶼƻ꾧ʵˣڸղʶ֮̽з̻꾧һ̴򿪴ӿڣһӵɫʯʱ򣬱㲻òҲδ뵽ʵһˡһӣöģĵȷȷٰǧҲ̻꾧
ݰȴֻǿһۣҶСʧͬʱæ̻꾧Ӷ뵽ǬСһһҵľ㽫ǰĴͷ󳹵ƻǾҲ֪ҪѾܴúõĴͷ㱻һ³ƻ촷Ʈɢɽ֮䡣ڣǴ֮µ˿ϢҲδ¡
Ƿʿ٣Ҳûа취ҲҲҶСټˡ
ʵݰܹһֱȻηʿкܴһԭȸŸΪڲǳ򣬾Ƕʤݶмƥ֮ˣƾ߽׵ʿҪ֮ʱҪȻֻԪӤΪϵķʿȴǲٵġ⣬ĸɽŲΪ֪ĳԹʵǲĺܣҲ˵ѾǷڵˣΪ֪ĲɵĳǣҲԲαķʿݰġ
ø̫ǡĴݣݰ븲ԷĹϵνǡﲻһġ


ڶ 
Ȼ;ĲʿУݰɶǶϵʵĸ߲֮䣬ȴżϵꡣݰֳɵĹϵʵֻԹŰԸ˽˵һЩ۸ԭˡ

âһҶСһͷĿѣ֮С
֪˶ãҶСǰĴһԼʱľȻһСڶѨ֮СⶴѨֻһĿռ䣬ֻԱһˮˮ̶ܹܵõеˮڲˡ
ƾĸоµһƺ͵ľ뻹治ڲԼȻѯһݰ⴫ὫԼ͵δ
̽ѨŷǶѨһ֮оȻһСʹ
ȻһСʹ󣬵ҶСΪ͵˴˴֮δǳǸ֮У֤븲Է֮еһһ׵ķҲӦöǵĴǡһһ׵ֱΪ׼һЩзҪС˲٣ҪʯҲࡣֻһĻҲǿ㴫͵ģֻû˵ŵˡ
˼һתҶС³ˣǸǴͻظԷĴ󡣾뿪ʱǡǡܵмʶͻȻ٣ԷСؾݰ˵Ǽʿˡ֮ûһ׵ģض̻Լ뿪֮ͻȥǸԷϵĴͷˡһ׵ģôԺʣµİҲʧȥˡȻһȥҶСպҪȥԷ壬Ȼͨ͡
ʶ̽ҶС㷢Լһµɽ֮СΨһͨԱߵһ̷ˮ㲻ֱͣǱ뵽̶ˮ֮У˳ŶѨһֱȥ
ҶСǶѨ֮еļٶҲǼģʱӶѨ֮гǰǱľ޴ʯ˵Ķڡ
ָһ֣ǰס˶ڵʯ㱻俪һͨЩʯڶڣⶴڵġҶСҲ뿪ⶴѨľʯѷ˶ڣѨڵ˸ʵ

УҶСó֮еĻԪĵϸϸ鿴š֮еĻԪĵӨ񣬿ƷʢлҪǲ֪ĻҪǼƷʯˡԪĵ֣ҶСĵ׵һʯͷһ롣һʯͷһֱͷѹҪԪĵھʣһˡ֮еɵҶС·ѾЦա
ҶС㶨ע⣬ֻҪһصɣҪڵһʱƽķӡ
ҶСڵλѾ̽˴ȻѾ˳ķΧΪǶݵķԾ붫ҶСٶȴŻҪµʱܵ
ǰҽȥѰǰΣ
ָտɴҶСȴû˰ԼˡԼܹ֮࣬Ծ͸顣֮󣬱ж˵
ѵ⣡֮вмοȻǽסҶСϸҶСİȴԶԶҶСȡġҶСһ·֮зжͬܣھôܹ֮ѵ֮¡˵֮̾һżְ˵˵ʱǲȥˡͨҵˡҲ²⣬Ǳ͵ʲôĿռ֮ˡ

˵ҶС񲻽Ȼһʱ֪ȥοǱ͵Ŀռ䣬ҪȥҵȷѾ󼰵ˡ
ܻġǧ궼ȹˣһʱ䡣
ЦЦֽ˵Ȼ֪Զȴ֪ǰãҲͷˡߣ˽⣬ֻҪûʧ֮Уô㲻µġΨһĵģڵĿռ̫ѡ
չֵǱʵԶҶСڿռƬ֮һ㣡ʵǱǸռƬһֱš
ҶСֻһһ߸·ѣٶںĴ㣬ԭǴ֮ȥѰҶԨ䣬ڿҶԨӦħ֮УҲʶħʵȥħѰҶԨͷʱҲˡϾڵʵа취ħҲǾٲά衢粽Сǡۻ͵ȥðգΪٶһЩ֮ȥڵٶȣò˶ҶСԽԪӤڡ

ʱţҶСڻص˶Ͻ򣬾ȻһλطʱԶȼƻ֮Ҫ˲٣һҲˡ֮ʱĵҩ֮ذޱ˿𵤺ڵʿӦҲвٱ仯ˡ
ҶСмֲȷĵģǰߴĳħһ¡ЩɵʿȻ˶ݣ֪ǷɵȼɴʲôõӰ첻ᡣ
ݷΧҶСٶȲձɷɻصɡǰҶСѾܵԼΪѾﵽ˽ڵĶ壬ϵûʲôԣԼ֪ò˶þͿԽ׽𵤺ˡǡʱصɣһصɽץʱչͻƾ磬һٽ׵𵤺ڡֵʵ׵𵤺֮ѰĽ𵤳ʿҲֵܵһˡ

µķУҶСɵĲԶһһ㷢˲һĵط뿪ʱɶɽŽգɴʱ̲ϵĿšһ㷢ִʱȻɽŴ󿪣ɴҲûп
ҶСʶһ̽㷢ɽоȻĽڡ𵤺ʿԪӤʿҲһЩϢ֮ȻϣЩУȻûзذޱ˿Ϣ⳾ϢҲδҵ
һˣҶСĵλɵ֮ˣǴʱȴһҲУһЩδʶ֮ռǳ˲Сӡ
ΪݾߣҶСδʶ̽飬ֻڷɽ֮ϢĽ⻺ɽɡ
ҶСڴ⿴ȥΪڵΪˣΪո֮̽ɲδΪʱµĵҩʵ׳˶٣֪֮ʿ֮⣬ԭɵӶ֪ˡ֮лһԪӤڵʿҶСŲòΪǱ룬˵ϸ㡣
Ϊڲûжʿһ·˽ȥȻһֱû˷֡һֱϢԶ֮еʿҲûһ˷Ǳ롣ҶСҪȥѰģǵʱ¹ʶƵһ𵤳ʿһʿոֵ֮̽Ľе֮еı¹ʶƵʿ
֮е׷Щʲôʿ˿ذޱ⳾˵ںδضҵ𰸡
ԪƿҶСͱ¹ƵʿһһЩĪĸӦҶСһɽ֮󣬱ܹԼʶ̽һ㣬ĸܵǱ¹Ƶʿľ
ΪĿƺһʿҲӦҶСĵҶСܹĸܵʿ


ڶ߰ ɱռ
ʿƺһֱڵȴһһ㡣һļҲҶСͷһǱԼԤĻҪء
ˣˣ
һڣһѾʮʿҶС˵ҶС֮ǰ׼ӭӣȴ֪ûӭӳֻڵȴ
ڷʲô飿˿ޱλϺ⳾ȥ
ҶСһ棬ֱʵʿ״Ҳó˾֪ҳӭӣܵʲôƣҳŲŶԵġ
ˡһȻ֮У˿ϵָʾرеȴ˵ġ
󣬾ʿ⼸֮һһʮĽҶС
ԭҶСȥǰ껹ãһжɾҶС֮ǰȻдĸ߽ʿ˶ݡЩʿЩӰߴɺ԰ݸħʿֻһԪӤڵʿ˿˴Ասɽţţ˶ĸ߽ʿͬʱѾǼݵʵҲ޷ֿЩ˴ŷħţҲûɽЩ˾֮ġ
飬ǡǡӦҶС֪дʿʱ뵽ĵġ
µЩʿһȻͷΪԭӦֻڴפͣѣȴڴ˳פȥ߾ֿȴⱾصʿڣ֮еʿͣһͬԭ򣬱֮رͼ
ڣЩ֮еʿͼģڴУ˲֪µķɽɽļֵǴӷӡĺܹóЩʿһɣûþͷ֮е챦Ҳδ뵽һƫƧС֮оȻȱҺǷ֮еķɽΪ̫޴ʹ޷ߣȻͱǴԼ֮ˡΪܴߣЩ˱ڵϢڴ˳ס͵ؽڻȡ÷ɽֱ֮ӽΪСڣЩƽ⺮֮
ذޱ⳾ȻǶıֵ߽֮ĽˡǴʱսΣʿҲ޴֪ġȴСֵʿоͰ˿
ʿԣʱ˿ӦǱ֮еĳᱻ£Ȼʲô£ǲ֪֮еԪӤʿ֪ôʺ޹⣬ȻϳĹԣټǲ֪ǹԭȻɫԪӤʿһֱҪΪ檡
ΪҪõ˿ΪͱҪĸԸſԡһֱûǿ˿ᱻȻδӦʿҲ˵ԪӤʿв˵˿һֱϴӦЩǰȥ߽֮ʿ¾һزˡ

ɫҹĻĽ٣˶ϡɳûʲôɽ֮ϻˡ
ԭҶСδҵ˿ڣʿĻ֮УȻ֪˿ͱڷ⳾Ժ֮С⳾ڽֹ֮Ҳм裬ڷ⳾Ժ֮еǽ˼Сңʶ֪̽ڿ˿Ǳرˡ
ҶСҪģһҪȾȳ˿ʲô㣬˿ЩʿУͶ汻ķɽҶСҲǲܽ买˵ġȻǷɽķӡΪ֪ΪƣԼҲΪһֱδ̫עȴҲ֪֮ͬСɡ㵽ΪٸһЩһ˽֮ȥ취ƽӡȡзɽʵҶСһֱûмɽмֿǵ֮еǱɽҪǺף֮ҪƳ⺮ȴǲ֮¡
ȻһУҪȰ˿ȳ˵
֮ڣǱ֮еҶСΨһĻᱻֵģԪӤڵʿˡΪ׼ΣҲ޴֪ƾܹԴʿפ֮Уǰ߽֮ʿҲǲ͵ġӦԪӤߡԪӤڣҶСвСԿһ£ȫӦû⣬ԪӤڻǸߣûκʤˡ
ҶСκ֣ÿһγֶһγֵλмǧ׵ľ롣Ƭ֮䣬Ʈ֮˷⳾Ժ֮ǰҶСѾ̽ԪӤڵʿ壬δص⳾Ժ֮С
⳾ԺҶСǰΣԶеĲö֪֮ꡣǼҵȻҲָơ⳾Ժ֮Χפ˲ٵԭɵĵͽڵʿЩʿҶСǺвġǵΪҶСǰɹҲ޷ġ
ڣҶСЩ΢鷳ģֻػҵ֮𵤳ʿǸ˿ġ˿ڵλüΪΣ֪֮Ҳ֮࣬ڶܹ֮ɱʿＫ٣ķʵҲˡ
ҶСͬޣʿȴǲʲô
ҶСϢҹɫȫһ塣뵽ҵΧҵڼǿԸʶ̽ģҲһСѣҵ䣬Ҳʿ֮ȴ޷ʶġ
ҶСǿʶΣȻǱе֮⣬ʿȴȻ֪顣
ҶСΪҪֱɱ𵤳ڵʿʵ׾٣Ҫɲ֮ĽɱͲòˡɲΪԼһ⣬ǳ̫ĶʲôرķԪӤʿȻҶСֱɱ˽ȥﻹ˽Ǳе˽ľ롣
ڣֱ߾ҶСľ벻ʮɶѡΧѾ㹻ҶСնֱɱˣնǻž˥ȥҶСڻҪһǽǽڻﲻʶ̽ãǶնĹжӰҶСҲԹ㡣
ʶУҶСѾλãʶһɢҵ֮еʶǿŨôﵽһ̶֮ͻȻ֮ҶС˼һ֮˫Ŀ֮оһҵ֮бͻȻӰɽ
ӰɽոΣʶٿʶ֮Ľ𵤳ʿδַ֮еǰӰɽȻҲδ֡Ȼһ˲ĵʯ֮䣬ӰɽѾ𵤳ʿ׻Ρ
ҶСûڵһʱ佫ɱһǸҵǽֱӽǻɱҪЩ鷳˶ô
˵µͬʱҶСѾŶ롣һ뵽ңһʱһαֱƿڼĴš
ǴԼֻɼڼ֮У˿ƽһŴ֮ϡ
ҶСŶѾԲСĶ˿ûжǴڻ֮ˡ

Ƭ֮ҵڼ֮У˿Ծڴ֮ϣַͷü΢壬΢۾һѵģ
ҶСʱ˿Աߵϣ˿ոձεĽ𵤳ʿʱǰ֮ϡ
˿ĻΪΪǵĵҩԲŻ־塣


ڶ߾ ͼıԪӤ
Ϊ˿ǵҩԭҶСһʱ֮Ҳûа취ȫܹ份ѾΨһˣҪȫֻܵȵڵҩС
ʱ̱ڵϵĽ𵤳ڱһһתѹ
ѾҶСԪƿƣԪӤʿĵϸȫ˲ܹ֪ˡңҶС֮ǰѾһ취ԸԪӤڵʿҪɹٲ𵤳ڵʿæ
һѹҶС˽ԪӤʿ顣ô˽֮󣬲𵤳ʿȥҵ֮ȥˡȻνʵʵǸǷˡ
ҶСѾ֪ԪӤڵʿֻԪӤڵΪԭⶫʵ̫СһЩԸûʲôʿԸı߽֮Ҳʲôؼڣ߽߱紦ҲǿûԸҲû̫ʿⶫݵʿ֮ҲһԪӤڵʿĶԪӤںͳڵʿһԼʮҡǽڵʿˡʮԪӤʿֳǰ߽ǰߣ֮еıǵһǰǰߵʿפڣҲǡǡ⣬ɵܡ
ҶСڵļƻֻԪӤڵĻȻʤСһЩȴмʤġ
ҶС꣬һ·ϲۣòһ֮أԼ뿪꣬ѾȥɽգһȺİʿռݡĪѹһ֮еķɽֵ֮ߣҲʵ빰ˣԽҶСҲһβӱܣգҲҪƾǽеļʤ㣬ԼڵʿԪӤڵʿһϸ£
ҶСԼ˶ĥѣһδεԼȻֻнڵΪǽӴķʿѾΣ۽ҲѾȵʱΣ֮ʱܹ²ΣҡȻĽʿһԪӤʿ˿ռɣ±֮ززˡȻǰҶСûʵûݼǺŵҶСҲ޼ƿʩġ
ԪӤʿսҲΣսҲ൱˽⡣ټ֮ǰʿܵԪӤʿǸ޽ֹ֮֮ʦǶս֮ϣսҲرǿҶСҲ͸˼š
ʿ뿪ڼ֮ʱ˿ҲٻָһЩǣѾܹ˹ڲҩҶСռ䲻̫֮в
ҶСģڷĽǵԽĸӣ޴ȡĸ¥޵¥ʯ䲼֮С¥޾ԪӤڵʿҲƥУҶСһĳ롣
Ψһϧľ¥ΪƲδȫƳһ¥ʯ˺δԺŲˡΪ¥ʯú֮Ҫ¥ܹȥҪ·ر󷨲ſԡ¥ȴֻΪ֮ã޷ʹСȻҶСܹʮͷ¥ޣﻹһԪӤڵʿ
Ȼ¥޲֮ܽУҶСȴǴյ룬֮ⷿв¥ޣԼ˿ȫʩΪһԪӤʿ룬Ŵ򹷣׽ԪӤʿʵԼ˿Ĺ𲻵ʲôã¥ڣʿҲӦ
ټǡǡʶ̽⣬ԪӤʿ͸޷ǰʲô쳣ˡ
ſڵʿԣԪӤʿÿ˿һĵҩǰһʿոԽӦò´Ӧþյİʱ֡
һǡǡҶС㹻ʱȥúĿ¥޵¥ʯ֮ǰڽ¥޵ʱǾ˲ٵˣΪ֮ǰһֱ޴УӦöûʲôָһҶСųһһ޾ɵģһҲȵʱС˲١ҶСҪ⾡̵ʱڽǰúãǻ̵ʱ֮ھָһЩʵ
ҹʱ֣ҶСѾĿ¥ʯúá¥ʯһأ¥ޱһȻƱ˵һ㣬һӵģҲѹ֣ٹĹȻ¥ʯٶȱѹƵ˰ٷ֮һٶȻڵ棬ûǽȫԾնǴ󲹵¥ʯʱͷոջ·˰ص¥ޱ㾡Ծﻹóǰܵ˶δָģ
̫СһЩܹͷ¥Ѿʮӵٲ¶һͷԵʱָֻͷ¥ܹˡʵǿĲһҶСҲע⣬һŷһ޴һֱڻԵ״̬Ҳѹ֣ʱǵһҶСȵ¥ޣȻʵǿҲܲסҶС˼ʧ󣬺˴Լ߳ɵʵҶСҲָֻͷ¥ˡ
¥޺֣ǲһҶСЭ֮ǾȻܹҶСĻһ㣬ȻҲҶСʲôǵִԸҶСָӡǶ׵֮ҶС㽫Ҫ鰲ȥ
޴Ȼмʮͷ¥ޣЩ¥ȴһȥƶˣҶСÿÿһͷҪһʱ᲻ȥƶġ³ѣҶСǲһС֮аͷ¥޵ġ¥޿ɾպ󿴼һԺĺð֣˴˴ʵЩ˷ѡҶСҲο˳ɹѹأװɴֵ֮Ĳֿ⡣ͷ¥ػԪӤʿ˽Ҳһ
ȷؼͷ¥޶ûʲô֮ҶСǽٻ˳ڴͷʱҪԪӤʿ֮ڵģ˿뿪˴齣ƱػɡΪ˿ԼİΣҶСǽԼ嵽жʵڴͷ˿һֵͬԪӤʿ
ҶСƸһʱҡͷڱ۵Ĵ˵һоܷĵģҶС·𿴵һظĴŮȻԸƸһЩӵͯµǵȷûҶСʧһΡ෴ģһֱȥΪҲļ޵ǡǡڹؼʱ̻ξȹҶС
ȻϿЩֵģҲ֪˴ĹؼΣգҶСжҲǷĵġ
һֱҩ˿ʱĻָɫȻࡣո֮ʱһ¶ɫھһ˫Ҳȵʱɡ
˿ҶСſڼ֮л谵Ĺ֮У˿һ˫ȻɫתȻҩδȫһǳ˿Գ˼ֳģ
һ죬˿ı֮ϱ㹴ճһĨǳЦ֮ǰΪģֻ֪ҶСˣһöʲôҩԼԺĳȥδú˵һ仰ԹԵҩȥˡһЩҶСһ̣жʱһְ֮ǰһȵҲѾû⣬˿޷Ȼȥʱ˿̣Ѿı߽֮Ҫȫˡ
һΣΣ֮ʱԼûһ˿취Ҫ֮ʱҶСˡ
ˡ
ûһ˿ĿףһжԵôȻ
˿Ļ̺֮һɷԷθ˿εϲ


ڶ ˿
ɺЩˣ
ҶСҲЦЦƽ͵Ļص֮ǰ˿δָ֮ʱ¶ǷֶеȻȴΪģˣ¶֮бݱһģص̬˿ȻҶСͶ̹һЩģֻǷȫ֮ɢĶȴǴδʶӡ̡ڣȫѹ˿ٶȻָյɣ˿ĵģֿϾЦݣǷȻ֮⣬ҶСоȻȻӿĸ֡ۼ
׻˵ıֿЦݡοһκһĶ˵Цݡ
ţ
˿ǸɫͷӦһ
ҶС˿ڵɫһЩϰߣϾҲǸˣ˿װһġʱͬһң˿ڴ֮ϣ͸˵˼ѹ졣ҶС񲢲һš˿ôСŮһ㣬¶СŮֻ̬ǰԲ²⣬˿ҩδȫԵʰɡ
ܵԼĪЩоҶСԼȻЩ֡æʶֱӽ뵽Ԫһľ硣һĪȲŻˡ
㣬ʦ֮Ҳɡʱ
ҶСϸ֮óһŷ˿СŷڰʱõöѩԭҶСǴƮĹԱģǵʱԼ룬ʱûʲôΣգʡǡôʱȴǿϴóˡ
ҶС㽫֮Чһһ˿
˿ΪͼʶȻһ۾ͿĲ׺ͼֵ֮ߡҲûκεƴǺͿҶСȻĽ˹ȥָ΢㽫ӵСʱֻҪһɼʱûһӳ١
ú˿Ҳ֮󣬱඾ء
ҶС˼ŵʱβܾһʧ
˼һʯ˿ٻ˳߿ڵΪԿʿ˵㹻ԪӤڵʿȷ𲻵ʲôõġԭҶСװս֮ܵˣһĽٻ˳ڴ齵ࡣ
ˣҶСְһЩʯ˿ĸ൱ڶڵʿػ˿İȫһ֡
ʱһԪӤʿ״ԪӤʿ˿Ȼ׵屻ĶҶС˼ΧһһķԼ˲ãټ˿ʦԼķҲв٣ʱڵİȫӦò̫⡣

ԭҶС񻹴αͼҲ˿ǴʱʱȣǸҲûʱȥϤʹˡ߼ϴ˵ؿռСαͼҲʡ
ҶСԼûҪʹαͼ׵ģΪսʤܷԪӤʿһֱڴ˴Ȼһ룬ô¥Ҳ𲻵κˡҶСҪȫ¥סԪӤʿԼҲûʱȥαͼףֻзãûʲôõαͼ״ʱʵûʲôõġ
ΧѾûʲôƺòãҶСɢѾɢһЩ磬¼һʱȫ׼ֻǶںս΢΢ӰҲԷɡ
Բȱ棬˵ıҲǾԵġҶСı֮вһЩѶϣɾӣһ϶ʲô׶ҡ϶Ҫʲôʱ򣬱ᶨƵһֱȥΪĿģҪȥ类ΪǷӲŻ顣
ԽڵΪҪȥԪӤڵʿҶСĻǽԪӤʿɱһҪ׽˵飬˵ĺΪ˵Ĳǳ룡
ҶСԽڵΪܹƾ蹦֮ͬ޵е״̬ԪӤʿʵʿűʵʿսռоԵƣʵĲѾǱʵĲֲܹ࣬ġ
˿һֱ֪ҶСΪ׼ΣҲǴδҶС񵽵ȫʩΪܹмʵڿҶС˵ĸоѾ뵱ͬʱ˲ٵĲȻ̶꣬ȴ֪ʱҶСȻʱ˴ϾǽڵΪ˿Ҳǽ𵤺Ϊ
˿ԪӤʿӴʱ࣬ʿʵϵĲҲΪס䵱ܾԪӤʿѹƣ֮ǰռɵԪӤʿҲ˽⵽ȻԼѾԪӤһ֮ңԪӤʿ֮ʵȴȻһһ㡣ңɼ޷Էֲʵ
֪ԷĿֲ˿б㷣ҶСʵѰʿܱ⣬ԼʵţѵҶСܹԽΪ׽һԪӤʿ
ᶨ˿ʶҲҶСĴ˾ԽĺͲ
С񣿡
˿һȣǴʱȴվ಻סйǣǵĿڻ

ҶС֮ǰһв׵֮㿪ʼΪĴս뽫Լ״̬ѡҶСںȻѣȻ˼ŷԪӤʿ֮ʱᷢôʲô⣬ҪӦԣȴûз˿ͶĳƺѾǰмֲͬ
ڴսмʤأ
˿һǱֳšᶨһ棬ʱûҡڲĻȷЩ˵ڡȻҶС¥޵ǿܣҶСհٻ֮ʱҪģǼµģȻһЩҲûжǿģһſ¥ʯϣ˿жôǿ
ʤ㣿ҶС˼һ˲΢΢һЦתᶨ˵ʮɣõ鱨׼ȷĻ
ʮɣ
˿ŵķʵ˿㣬սһʤ㶼ĵĸˣҶСȻֱ˵ʮɡ
Ѿǧ࣬Ԫĵƺãû˵Ѿڽû㹻ʤ㣬ڴóȻƴֻҪ鱨׼ȷԪӤʿ޻أ
ҶСŵ˵Ȼ˿ĲţȴûйĽֻͣ˵ԼǱʤıҪ
ʵҶСԼ֪ʤʮɡ˵ʵֻǾ˿ǰˡΪһʿɻôڶսֻǱضӰ죬ԪӤʿԵУһ˿ϸ΢ġǡǡ˿һֱ֪ҶСʵм֣˵ʮɣ˿вȫţҲΪҶС˵󻰣ڴսࡣ
ȻҶС֮䣬һݣ˿Ȼ·ҶС˵ЩƵġʮɡʤ㡣ͷЦЦԹԵ֮УŽѩյĸһЩȻҶСţô㲻Ϊⳡս֮жҶСĲǸ
ҶС˿ֱ˫Ҳһ˫ĿҪһδԪӤʿҪ˵ʤ㼸ΣΪ˵˷ӦһЩһЩ˳ôܲ÷Ѷ¥ޱɽƷǼΪսḻ֮ˣܹȻѾˡ
ȻʵҪ˵ҶСҲûʲôףǺͶ·ˣſԾʤĵơ˺˿Լ۵ֻǵһˣ̫һЩˡ


ڶһ ʾ
ɫְת۱ֵ˰ʱ֡
ҶС˿ԼһֱڴͷİĿ֮С
ȻҶС˫ĿȻһ̣ҵĽ𵤳ʿûǽڡ
ԪӤʿźšû˿ֹͣԭʱ̬ԪӤʿҲ֪ŪֵҩȻԽʿԻǣ˿ֻǱӰûԶѣ־ȥʶĻᱻӰ죬˵׼ʲôʱǲᣬ˳ˡ
Ҳ֮һΣٶС˿ͷ档
Լ֮ڼ˿ϢڱΣҶС˽ľ벻ȥ̽ĻҲԷڡ
ҶСΣ֮һ³뵽˵֮СʩչǱܶʵãȴǲ
ʱڷĽǵ¥Ҳ׷׽ص¥ʯСҲڱ¥ʯһ֮еһʿһʱ֮ǲᷢʲô
ҶСҪģǳ䲻⣬˲㽫֮ƽԪӤʿƷ

ҶСΪ˲κε״ҲʶȫֻǳʶֻҪһ˿ôڵһʱ䱩𣬽߾ȫԼȫʵʩԹ
ʦ壡
⴫ʿԪӤʿ밲
Ѿͷûʲô״ɣ
һʮ˹һ֪¼ΪԵ֮ˡ
ʦ壬յȷһСŮԭúõģͻȻһıͷײҺʦֵܷ磬Ȼ֪ᷢʲô
ŶҲǽһ״ͼʱ֪ͨô
Щ΢ŭ˵ʿΨΨŵŵģҲȥǣֱƿűֱ˿ȥʿ֮ǰ˿״ʶƻʮû뵽ôѾƻԭеıʶȥ;³֮ղԶˡ
ʿ˵ȻǰҶСָʾһ˼ԪӤʿļ顣
ȻԪӤʿһʿ֮ԣ̾Ŷ롣ֱ˿Ĵȥһֻ뿴˿ڵ׵ʲô׶Σзַ֮ڵ״
˱ϾԪӤʿЩ쳣Լ鿴Ҳи֪պߵ˿ĴǰҵķΧȻ״ʶһ̽̾ͷ֮ⷿŶɶϢ̱֪ǳʲô⡣
ʿȴҲɢϢǿ󣬼Լһš֮ĵһ²Ҫܣվԭزһ̽һҵľ㳯˿תȥԪӤʿҪȽǶش˿סȥܷ֮Ϣ
һܵʿͻȻ̽ʶ֮еĸͬһʱȻ
Ȼͬһʱ䣬ʵ֮Ⱥ˳ġʩչģ˿һֱеĽѩ
ʿľովҪƵ˿֮ʱȻͼ˿ͻȻһŽ⡣ǽ⿴ȥһһ㣬˿Χʿľδǽ⣬㱻أԴɢȥʱͻȻٶȴǣͷųҫĿĹԣ֮֮ж·ͻȻ˰˺һ㣬ǽ˲㱻ĸֱ졣
֨֨¸µĴ죬˲ֻҪ΢һǽڵ١
ý׹΢һ֣㿴˴ǽ֮кƮѩƣѩƮ֮кᣬʱ˿ҲһŴʥϢĹ֮սһŮһ㡣
νѩǽױӵмǿĽɫףνѩָΧǽײϷתƬƬѩЩѩÿһƬ֮жϵĺϢÿһƬ˴Ҫǿȥ͵ڽ֮˿ʱ֪жôǿ
ΪǱ֪Щѩ֮оκһƬҲ𵤺ڵʿܹ͵ġ
ѩ֮˿δĶֻȫĵļϷ٣ڱ֮ǰȴѾԪӤʿѹθɾˡ
ѩһǴ֮ɢҺϢֱԪӤʿǶȥȻ֮жܵѩɢĺϢӰ죬ЩһƬƬѩȴԪӤڵʿ
һԪӤʿ֮һ¶һݲмֱһһССһĲ԰ֽ˱ⷨһһηֻһģһĲ԰ֽˡһ̣˲һŻһɫĳһʿΪֵסеѩһصһʿģһ޶ӰӰȴ԰ףгһ԰ɫĳֱǰ˿նȥȻǲֱӽ˿ɱȴҪڵһʱƵġȻûж̫вȴΪ˿ֻнΪˣƾƷʣѾܵвˡ
ǲ԰ֽӰδ˿ʱ򣬾ͼͻȻӿͷӰֱԪӤʿȥ
ͬʱͼǵصɽԵص׷ɳһ±㽫ԪӤʿСɽ˲㳯ʿ˹ȥҲΪɽ̫ǿҵڼ˲㱻׻ȥǵ滹ǷԻһƬƬƬЩƬٶȱҶСĻ齣촷ۡ
һ̣ҶСҲӵصһֱзȥǽѩȷͬСɣҶСֻǱǣҲܵ˿˿ĺ䣬òЭϮзָ趯һӰдʡҶСѾ߾ȫںĻ齣
ҶС֮ԷɵУɸµĹԪӤʿԭʿܽ¥ްΧ·Ҳöݵ֮Ӧ޷룬ھֻʣͷĿռᱻáҶСھҪȫֹʿʶΣ֮ѵ
ȻҶСѾ߾ȫʿȴǳ˶ҶСĽɵһ֮⣬ȴûʲô顣ֻǼ˻⣬һʱ֮䵲סҶСĽ󹥻¥ޣȴû뵽⾹ȻƮĹպյ¥ޡڿͷ޾ȻδۣҲδӣֻǰе˼õ˵ֵҶСĽ;ƿ˿Ľѩ׽
ˣʿƾ軤һֽ˱ֵסеĹһ±ԿδȫԼȻûκεܵĵܣҪ˿׽סͻȻֵĽСŰɱȥſΥŰͽ
ʿǲŲæģһҶС˿ģĸûޣ͸δķֻۡĵֵҶСĽ󹥻һߴ߶԰ֽ˹˿Ľѩ
ʱʯ˿ҲѾ¶Σ׹һ֣ںδһ壬ֱʩչ˺弼㻯һŻӰԼ֮ٶֱǸ԰ɫӰȥ
ϾȻֻŽʿˮ׼У㱻ǲ԰ֽ˻˿ȥҶСҲָ𵽶ãǵֵУøոհ˲ٵĽ׹ָֻ˲ٱѾ㹻


ڶ˶ 
һغϵ˲䣬ԪӤʿδܹ˿ķżŬ˿ûʶΣաˣҶСѾ߳ɵʤ㡣ңҶСΪֹȻлרĲٿŽΪԪӤʿ⽣ʵԶûпȥǰǿԸûȥ˼ҶС񣬶ǰ˼ҪϽ׽ס˿ˡ
ˣǡǡӦҶСսǰĹ㡣ǽѩ˿һȷû
ڲ԰ֽһΪʿṩһڹ˿ʱͷ¥ڹԪӤʿ
¥޹ȻΪǿƿ֮ǰķӡ̫࣬ȻǵٶǲҶСķɽ϶ٵģҶСĽѾԪӤʿͷ¥ȴոչ
ʿۿͷӰһ¥޳һ⣬֮ĳ㻯űѵֱͷ¥ȥ
ԪӤʿĹƣζδȫ۳ޣͷʲôԸֻҪǴӦˡϾԪӤʿıԶѰͽʿܱġ
ȻԪӤʿⲻѵģΪ̺żǿıͷ¥ޣǽͷ¥ȴû˿˵ģǳ˸ǽ֮һ㣬ǱøΪ
һɵ˲䣬ͷ¥Ѿȫ¥޶ǲ԰ֽ˵ķƺҲЧÿÿצӶᴩ԰ֽ˵ķ̽ʿĻ֮ץһ»һ¡ûһ´ȥֱʿһ¡ÿһ£ʿͻȻܵشһ㡣
ͷ¥ʵѰĹǼǴЧĵزһƿʿߴʿն
ʿ˲ͷ¥޲һ𡣲һɲ֮䣬㷢ԼƺмˣΪͷʵ̫һЩȥûʲôأЩͽ׵Ĺޣȴδ뵽ȻֲĹˣʶ˼ΣΧͷ±û¥ްΧϿΧ
ڴʱҶСȴֳһ˿Цݡ
ͬʱԪӤʿͻȻ֣֮ǰûʲô̫ĹãֻҪԻϲ԰ֽ˵ķ׵ֵĽ󹥻ȻǿҪǣ乥ǿѾﵽвԪӤʿΣĳ̶ȡ
⣬ԪӤʿͻȻ⽣֮оȻ̺һʮصĹǹȻֱӹԼʶÿһιֱһ㣬ԼԪһɽֱӹΪδжôľ£Ǿڽ֮еδʶǶԼвġ
ˣסԭڵصףַԼͷϿյڵʿȻһʼԼ׾ȻԼʱ򻹿֣ӳʵֻжɶѡڣͻȻʩչȫΪԪӤʿԼԸȻƵС
ʱ䣬Ȿ·ΪԵԪӤʿͻȻŭ
ϧǣʵҶСĻ齣֮ҲȥһͻƳȥġοڻͷв¥޴ܲϹһ
˵ǲʵֻڲ϶ܰˡͷ¥ʿûκΰ취ܹ˵¥ޣ˵ܹ˵ܹгЧĵֵס¥޵ķҲδҵһ
ԣĲ϶֮Уÿÿ¥޵ĹʿڵԽԽı¥Ӷߣ
ҶСȫʩΪ֮Ļ齣ԵֵסԪӤʿһ󣬿ֵסȴǲͬĸϾ齣֮ʱҪķѵǾһ㣬ҶСҪȫʵӳףҪԼҪȫĽѹƵض̶Ҳһ׵顣
ҶСڿԳ׷ſ֮ǰѹ˵˲ͷšʱ齣֮б緺˾κһ㣬һһӿȵķɽ˳ݺݵĽԪӤʿС
ת֮䣬ʿͻȻԼлһĴ󡣶Һܻܿһ޷صĴΪͻȻ֣ԼѾȫʧȥսȨ
ˣԪӤʿɲ⾫޴ĽȻֻһʿ£Լǡǡһڵʿµס
ֻ⽣ҲܹסԼһʱڳ˼֮µģһֱİ͸ޡҲ֪ǺޣϹٶ죬Ѱķû˿ôЩ޿һƺǸոܵ˵ģǾˣͷ޲ϵĹ֮£ÿһɵңⱻɵԽࡣˣ֮»ԼֻΪΪǿʢԷЩϸ΢ˡ
ɵûа취ָġԼ˴ͻ˽ЩʧҲ޷ָҪҲֻ´ν׵ʱˡ
ʱţԪӤʿĲ԰ֽҲ䱾󽵡ˣʱ̣԰ֽۿҪ˿Ľѩ
Ȼѩǿ󣬵˿ʵȴ޶ȣҲ޶˽ѩܷӳֻн𵤵ʵһյıǹҩָܹѾǲˡǲҩӰ죬ȫԼʵڵҲôʹѩٶȱۡ
˿ĽԽԽȥΧΧƵѩҲȫƮɢȥҲɡΣǽѩܼþı֡˿ޣǴʱȴûһһԪӤʿķѾΪӰԪӤʿķҲû˿ֿģ
䣡
ѩڱǲ԰ֽ˹ƣһƬããɢڰ֮С
ۿǲ԰ֽеĲ԰׳ֱ˿Ĳնȥ˿Ļǵ֮ȴԵǰ㵥ᱡò紵
ҶСʱǽҪʱ̣ݲκη񡣿Ǵʱ˿ʲô⣬ô֮໹к壿鼱֮£ҶСǷٿԭ;˿ԶѾ԰ֽ֮ǰһ˺֮ʯ˿
ͼʯĳìһâֱǲ԰ֽгз壬˿ӰһΣֻӰһ˿ǰ裬Լ˿ǰ
ʯ˿֮ǰѾܵ˲Сˣڳзʯĳìһ֮䣬ǳìıɳȥǳìʯҲǿľ֣һ±һĵˣһ͵÷ͷԶԶˤ˳ȥ
ʯһˣ˿İ籷ıһԭɢһ˿籾ȻҲΪҶС̫ӳӨӨİ׹⣡ʹǰ˼ʯһĹ
˿İȴɲǲ԰ֽгĵ֡ͼһһն뵽˿ķ֮УƼûܵʲô̫һ㣬˳նȥ
ˣ˿ȴû˿ƶļȥⳤؽȽ˿룬Ѿ˱ܿ˿նɱ
ȻԪӤʿδػֱնɱ˿ֻҪ˿Ȩ뵽ʿСҶС˾Ҳȫˣ
Σʱ̣ͻȻһӰ˳ֱԽ˿ֱӽ˿ײһߣ˿ǰ桭


ڶ ׽
Ӱһһһź֮ȻǴ
ǱˣӰһֱ˿ͷµԭǱҶС󲻵ѵ֮²ſԳ֣֮ǰһֱھĵȣȵľʱ̡
ȻֻһޣҶСȴ˿κһͬҶСҪ֮УȻΪܵʲôˡԵʱȻҲȴǴŲ򲻵ѲҪֵע⡣ڿȴǲˣһҺеڡ
ֻһ֣³һ½ߴֱǲ԰ֽȥֽҲܣֻһնȥĴѰֽɫǲСø֯õ˿ҲϸࡣһȥȻδܴնƣֲһŽŽߴնƿ
Ŵͳ̶ҶС֪ģ԰ֽ˵ĳܹնƣѾǲ֮¡
ȻֻССĵһ˲ʱ䣬Ѿǿ֮ĩĲ԰ֽѾǼӰ졣ԪӤʿûжܹע뵽Լ֮ʱһµֵǽһϣ
һ̣ͼ֧ǰһбϷնȥÿһ֮жŨŨĺӰһǰ֮ϸɢһƵĺһٵĸо
Ȼһµס˲԰ֽûжȵһɨһв԰ֽ˵ı۰󣬱áۡһ԰ֽ»û˰Сֽˡ
ڿܡ԰ֽս֮ʱ
ҶСȴҲڴʱΣˣΪոڷʯ˿ֵ԰ֽ֮ʱ齣֮гһ˿©һ˿˿ϸ΢ʧ˵ȼս֮жġ
һϸС©ǡǡ֮ԪӤʿץһһϣץס˾һ㣬ƴ˺ݾϷɡ
һԪӤʿ߾ȫĹǡǡҶС©֮ϣҶСʿʱЩҪ֧Ųȥĸо˲䣬ԭͬˮбһô˲䱻һӳһһ㡣ǾˣټסԪӤڵʿ
ҺǣۿԪӤʿҪӳҶС֮ʱͼһֱܵػԪӤʿһ԰ֽҲۡһƿ˰ֽˡ
һ԰ֽ˱ƿ֮һҲ֮лûԭ״̬
ԪӤʿҲδ뵽ԼķȻᱻԷơ޽֮ȻʦϵķܹڶսȴҲࡣܹڴʱʱõģҲϵһֽ˷ˣ
ʿʵܶࡣĴжʿ㣬ĳָŵޣĶսʿֱ׼ĺʿΪʿȻսûʲôãǶһ˵ʿһ˱ܹ𵽼áһʦµĻɷ󣬾ԵֵͬʿĹˡʿȻɥʧ˶սǿսȴ˶ʿĸá֮бܹøԴѰʱҲ뿪ɣ֮ǴԴΪȻԹٶȡΪ㹻֮սȻҲ֮ġʿǱ׼Ծѹơ
ԭʿᱻ£ûеһǰ߽սǿǵ޵ǽ֮ȴ룬սĺȴҲ鷳һǱڵʿѹơ
ԭʿƾ԰ֽ˺ĻֿҶСĽ󹥻ΪĲ԰ֽȴⱻƣԼոҵһΣա
Ϊû˲԰ֽ˵ķʿĻ˲Գ˼ֲ֧ԪӤڵʿһⱻƣȻҲΪǿڻ齣֮ȻǺ޵͵֮ġο齣֮лǿʶʱûֱȡԷʶﵽǿĹ
ս֮ս˲Ϣ䣬ոճһȴתΣС
Ŀһ̧ԪӤʿ㷢ΧѾʿ˴˵صսݹķֱ˵طʱҶСսֻɲ֮ʤܣȻȲľǳԮˡ£ʿ㲻òͻƽæڵĴ⵽⣬ű˱ɽƵΣաֻǣһ飬ȴɥʧΪֹΨһһͻΧᡣ
ԪӤʿһ˽֮УҶСٶȫĲٿոյһϸСʧЩɴȻҲԶвʿƾ˿𵤳ʿֵһӦûǲġȻ˿ķʧɾƾʵӦҲӦһˡ
Ϊ˸ոյʧЩ¥޸ܵҶС˼һƴȫȥӶʳǱڽ֮еԪӤʿȥ²ҪȵԶЩʿ֮еԪӤʿˡ
ҶСҫһֱϻΪһк·ĽҲһţҵɽֻ⣬ϳԪӤʿķ
ƽʱҶСĻ齣ȻǿȴǲסһԪӤʿ֮õġԪӤʿҲᱻ֮õġȴǲͬΪʱҶСĽ󲻹ǸˣȻ佫ԪӤʿڵĸ򶼷ʵֻǷסԪӤʿһѡʵסԪӤʿΪҪģͷΪ¥ʯܻΧ¥ޣҶС񲻹Ǹͷ¥޷סԪӤʿĺ·ˡϴһʼڣͷ¥ޱһֱϵʳԪӤʿڵ
ǻԭ򣬲ʹԪӤʿԽûзòһʿõ֮С
ʿһԪӤʿû뵽Լһ졣ȻһڣὫʿƵزΧԼͷ޲ϵʳڵƺΪʳЩδ޷øʳٶԽĿǿЩƺǴʲô˵ģԼͲ֧ˡ
ۼʱΣԪӤʿҲòԡ֪ټȥԼľͻ
ҶСͷ¥ȫԸ㽫ԪӤʿһƷ֮ʱԪӤʿĿ֮кȻһ˿ᶨ󣬱ݵͷҶС֮ͼȻ˫ĿɣѪ˿֯ҪѪ˲䣬ʿ˫ĿѪâһ㣬ʱָԵù쳣
һ˲ͼôʿʼɺЩȴвŲٵʿһŲӵϢ֮С
ϢҶСѾǵһμ
ħ
ʱԪӤʿı仯뵱ҶԨ񡣲Ψһͬȴʿħл
۰
ԪӤʿħңΧһħɵǿһ㣬ħνСǹħĿԪӤʿҲԽͬһ㣬Ŀʮʹȴ޷һķ˻š
ЩħһӿҶСܹǿʶܵʿڷžҵı仯
˵Ϣڷű仯ʵҲڷٵšܹܵõԪӤʿҲڱԽǿ


ڶ ԪӤħ
ΪͻȻ֮ķ񱬷ҶСĻ齣޷ǹħ¥ҲͻȻ֮ıһʱ֮䱻˿ȥ
¥޴ٶȳȥʱԪӤʿһֱħҲͻȻͣЪҲټʼԼڡոħ˲㵹±աһɢҲʼø
ħ٣ҶСзɽĵֵҲʼ
ҶСһ֪١Ҳʢ֮ǿһ̫𡣲ȴˣһУץסһɽһ佣㶸ȻɳҶС˫սֱԪӤʿնȥ佣ƺգ޿ƥС
ʱҶСڽ֮⣬ѾУֱֳֳԪӤʿնȥһںƣܣһֳ֮
ɽնħԪӤʿʱҶСʶҲͻȻ۳ӰɽֱԪӤʿȥ
ҶСзɽնİӰɽ齣ϵ޷죬˿ΪҽĹ
ʱԪӤʿΪλͻȻӿħǷҶԨһһ׼ضǶҶСġֽҶСҲʱ̣ץסһֻΪһٽԪӤʿܣ
ԭҶСֻҪԪӤʿƷԪƽƶѡȻʿǱӵǱɱպԼԪӤʿڵɽġҶСһֱƻĶνƷѣںʹԪƱǺˡȻΪߣֻһʱҶСϧԪƿƣ˵ȫƣҪӰӦǿõġ
ƻûб仯졣ļƻһ£ʵߵһȴһˡ
ҶСĹעһµһɲǣԪӤʿҲȻһȣ
𣡣
ֻһȣ֮ͼԪӤʿ֮Ȼӿһɺ˲㷢ɢȥٶȼ֮죬ɲ֮㽫Բʮ֮СͺͻȻѿһ㣬һգ۱ֻһŵĺΧټһռ
ʿԶҶС˻ƵĻ齣󶼾Ա
һ˲ǵʯ֮䡣
ҶСеķɽոմʿΧħͺȻܵʿɢһɿֲħϢħϢѾ˿ڹĹʶħʿӵе
֮ͼõʿĿһīīšһ˲䣬īűȻѿۿҪҶСɡ
һɲǣҶСڵī֮һŹ棡ǿֲϢīɢ
ҶС±ܵΣգ±æ˺󣬲ȴȻûǺɢٶȸ죬˲㱻˽ȥ
֮ˣܹüҶСڱ֮ǰ䱳綸ȻſС
˿ΪԶδǺ֡
˿ľ֮УǰһӰһֱǺȥ
һֱ˿ҶСͻȻⲻ֪Ǻĺ֮ԭķΧδ쵽ȴ˿δɣһܵĿֲּҶСɣʲôһͷų˽ȥ
ۼʱ龰˭óԪӤʿʩչĹ幦˵ĹħȻǿħܹӵеϢ
˿ҶСȺһʱЩϹԮԪӤʿĽʿҲԶԶͣԶԶԶĴžﲻŵĿ
ΪǾǹҲ֪ð˭ˡЩʿǰħԪӤʿûô򵥣ħʲôϵǽ֪ܣ˵׼Ͼͻɱ֮
ҶСһǺ֮󣬾ͼǻ齣֮ɽ˲ʧȥ˹⻪һûķɽ˲ɢ٣ʮɽһĽʧȥ֧ţֱӵȥ
ԭݺĿռ֮У˲ֻħΡ
ԪӤʿǰŨħ֮£һͻͷ¥޵Χֱ߿շȥһɵ㹻֮󣬱㳹¥޵Χ¥ͻȻ׷֮󣬲Ÿ߸ϵڸ߿֮С
ҶСڱǺ֮󣬱ûһ˿ϢʱѾǻ齣Ƶʯ˿߿ܶѾΪʧȥҶСϵһ̱ڵء
ʿѾ˽Ҳ¥޵ĹΧֱӽҶС˺СŴŨħ̽ұۣצ·Ũץȥ
һץǺʼҷ֮㱻׷׳ķȥ
һ˲䣬ԭĺ㱻УһöȭͷСϲʱֳһöӡ
һصʿУתһֽ֮ʿϵħȥ˲١֮ϵĹȴٶ˼֣ǾԽĻῴ֮ϵĹ澹Ȼڲϵı任ű飬쳣
ٿΪħԵһЩ¶Ŀʿᷢ֡ʿ˫Ŀ죬ɢĹ⡣Ҳøӿ༸̧֣֮ԿóѾ任צһ㡣ָԱô׳ޱȣָ׸ͬһСذһ㡣
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˿Ȼǰ龰𾪣ֻԪӤʿ֣ҶСʿɢĺɺûκϢ֮˺һֱδܿóҶСʵȻȥҶС񲻹ǸΪΪĽʿʵʵսѾȫ󼰵ĸ߶ȡƺڽʿиǴ޵е״̬Ѿ־Եսѹƣǵ޷ĶѵսʤĵزҶСֳֻ˽ڵʿǵ˵ҪԪӤʿһսļƻʱȻɻ󣬵ȴǸΪҶСʵ
ڼսǰ󲿷ʱ̣ҶСǴλã˿ҶСҲΪһ֡Ǿʤǰ֮ʱȴͻ䡣ԪӤʿȻȻ֮ħҲ֪Ǽʲôһ±ƿҶСĽ󣬻ҶСС
ۿҶСȻǷȥԼҲܲһϢı˿ҲҶСѾеΣŸҶСڣһУһΣԼԼеŶ١
˿޷ǰͻ侹ȻġԼɲ⣬ԪӤʿԳӦԣܹһֱѹƵҶСȻȥѾ޷ٸܵһϢ޷ǰʵ
νħָħﾭӵħѪħϣ嶼ħΪħһԱֻΪħõֶβͬħЧͬˡֵ֮ͨħǾһʽϴʹӵħѪħ幦Ѱ˵Ҫıһ˵Ҫ̥ǵı仯䲻ɹʼͣħ֮ҲʮϡٵġħΣճ̶ȸߣɱҲǼ䰺ġ
˸ߵĴۣħĺôȻǲСġǰԪӤʿ㲻֪ħ֮󲻽ӵԭʵħĹ


ڶ ڤ
ħ֮֮ħӵħĵرħ֮бǸһֱ֮עħ̺֮֮ǿħħһħ֮ħ֮ԭʵֱӸħ֮ӦʵԪӤʿħ֮ӡڤꡣ
һħ൱һӵʵʵֱܹӵġһӵħǿܹͬһٿط֮ˣʵǿ֪Чĳ̶ֳѾ൱ͬһ㣬ӵеĸħЧ֮ǿͬıħʵʿھ˼ķ֮󣬴ħ֮յħõΪ
ǰԪӤʿֳģħʿʿһħ鶼䡣ı仯˿֤ΪʿԶıˣֱħűֳΪħı顣
˵ʿ֮ݲһħ˵ʿģȻħʿҲΪġԣһħʿǱħ֮п˵ǱʿΪ֮аԼӦ
ʱԪӤʿħ֮еӦˣԲŻһֱԼħΪֱһΣ֮ʱűֳ
ʵҶԨҲ˵ħһֻ֣ҶԨıȽϳףȻþʲô̫ķգԼıȴǶѾѹȥֻܳΪһʬ⣬˵Ĺߡ
ԪӤʿԭͼΪԵһħһħתһ㣬ķ̬Կԡ
ԭЩʿǴԮģǴʱһΣŵòǰһ֡
ԪӤʿĿ˿һָ죬㸡ֳһħ֯ţƺһţűֱ˿ȥ˿δκηӦ㱻ֱӻУ漴㲻ʡ˹ȥ
ȻձƼģĪֱ˲ˣҪ֣͹ǽڤ֮еСӰɣ
ԪӤʿһŽ˿εͬʱݺݵ˵֮һΣͬһ㣬һ±ߴԽɣһʿߡʿӦ㱻һצץͷֻ۵һʿͷ­һ㱻ץ˲ɱ˼ʿ
Ȼ⵱ȥļʿ֮бҶСԪƵʿܲġ
ԪӤʿʼɱڳ֮ˣЩԶʿ㵱¼ԼǿʢĶݹ⣬ʹʮֵͬɢһɢӶݿȥЩʿҲЩĬ֪ͬһȥֻᱻһ򾡣ǽʮʿŲͬķɢӿ
ЩʿɢӿԪӤʿϲ¶һĨмЦݡֻ˫ſ֮ǰûΪεĲ԰ֽ˱㻩һٶȷ֮һҫֻʮÿһе⣬ֱЩʿ׷ȥʿֽҶMǧһƬĻҶƵֽżɣԲͨνǿɹظֱ仯ʿս֮õķһҲóǿ̶ȡ޵ǽֹ֮ͽΪˡ
ǲ԰ֽٶȼ죬ֻһ֮һٶʿǲ԰ֽ˷ֻʮ֮һضʿֱֱ׹ȥýʿɱ֮ǵͣЪſⲻһСκһƬҶһ״ֽƬѡȻֻһСƬֽƬǿѾԶԶĽʿķɽʵܹһ֮±˽ʿĻ⡣
ǵһʿɱ֮ʿӶı԰ֽûСҶӻһɱ
ۿЩʿһһıɱܿ죬ֻʣһΪԸһЩĽ𵤺ʿ˿겻ģΪȴǲݻɵĸٸڽ֮ͬһָֻǿϧԵĲͬʿĻɱһħԪӤʿǱֽʵ֮ǿھԵľѹ֮ȴǺˡ
Ǳ׷ɱĽʿȻƴһԳֵܷһֱ׷ҶƬ֮ʱȴȻ֣֪ʱһƬԭЮƵҶƬ֪ʱȻˣ
ͻȻ֮ıʣʿɻ̧ͷħ˵ԪӤʿһȥ
ڴʱͻէ
ʱٿ֮Ѿħ˵ԪӤʿȴǲ֪ʱͻȻһˡ
ٿξȻҲȻħԪӤʿмֻ֮ħ˵ԪӤʿһħƣȴۼһ㣬ڵҹ֮з׵Ĺԡϸϸȥ׵Ĺ֮¾һϸܵĽɫ󡣶ΧаɫıϻƷת˵Ƶıһ㣬Ƿܻһʢĳ⡣
֮ˣȻǸոҶС
ȴǸոʿԭɫŲ԰ֽʮƬҶһһ׷ɱЩյ֮ͬʱȻе֮һ춯ʵԴħ֮ĵһνöڤսһɡΪⱾҲδ̫⡣
Ǿǲ԰ֽѾɱ˾ʿֻʣΪһ֮ʱʿеĽڤȻ˸ΪҵĲڲϵļӾ硣ܿ죬㲻ٽǲѣǽڤ֮ϿʼӿһɹɲħϵĹ¶һʮʹɫ
ɲ֮䣬ǽڤ𶯱ǿֱʿ޷Ƶĳ̶ȡöڤԪӤʿħý飬еħΪǴлȡǽһһ㡣ڶԵУֿɼеħȻѾ൱ʿԼķ㲻ʧȥ˿Ƶĸо
ɾħ˵ԪӤʿɻ֮ʱȻýڤ֮ͻȻ䡱һһƲʩչ֮ʱɢħơ
һ̣ͼһ׵ӰһǵӰѾȫ仯˵ҶС񣡣
һǽڤ֮ҶС㶸Ȼ޿ƥеƣԪӤʿδӦ֮ʣԾԪӤʿҲֻۿŶ޷ܵٶһԪӤʿһ֮󣬱ԪӤʿĺ󷽡
㾹Ȼţôܹӽڤ֮
ԪӤʿԲŵžֵ˵һ䣬ֻۡžһѳƬЩƬһѿ֮󣬱ڰ֮ѣһĴ졣ڸոҶС䲻һ֮Уʿ۾ȻȻȫĺ⡣ոδԼˣֻ΢΢һǰֱ۾ѿ
ĻȻħ˵ԪӤʿšھֵͬʱ֮ıǰԵתĿ񱩵ŭԭһڵʿȴһĽԭѾʤѶȴͻ⡣˾ȻһֱֱӷϵԼһֱֻۡ
һѾħԪӤʿʵսȴǵһǰֱӵӶѣһЩսǳԪӤʿѾ֣ȴⲻ֮б㱻һʿϵһֱֻܻۡ糣ѾԪӤڣ޷סеʿıԣȻҶСֳս壬ȴ޾ŭ𣡣һħԪӤħͷŭѾԸɡݣ


ڶ Ļ
ٿҶС񣬴ʱɻԼƣֹͣβſԭϵһǰɫۼ׵ģʲôۼףֻһ׵Ƭ״ˡֻ⾹ȻǱһ㣬ҶСΧˡҶС֮ϣһλ֮ϵۼײֻ׹ѡǸλԼƣ
ڵҶС񣬲αøߴ༸֣۵СֱԼָ⣬һϸܵɫۼ֮£һһۼףһּĸоҶСҲЩܹӦԼһһµŸۼ֮µָ
ʱħԪӤʿҲӵֻצһ˫֣ҶСںǰˡֻСԼֻǶһۼ׶ѣ״ȴû̫ı仯ָֻױøһЩΪһЩͬҲɢâ
ڿȥ֮ϵ̬һĹ졣ֻһ˿ȥħݺᣬһ򷴶ɢżִ࣬ǿ˵ʥĹԡǾԽĻԿõͷ֮һĽɫġ
ҶС㣬ڱǽڤȥ֮޼ƿʩ֮ʱòʩչԼɱﵡϹĻδ󷨣
ϹĻδҶСΪ޵ĺǩԼ֮ӵΪһʵʩǽ˺ڵΪҪĴڵΪ̫أΪҲûж٣˲򲻵ѣҶСǲῼġ
ҶСͲµϹĻδʩչһҪĺָĴȴû뵽һõܣĵ˺֮ǰ֮Ĵޣ
ڵĺھͺһ¥һֱͬػѾ˵Ħ¥ȻȻǰߴ󣬿ȴȫһ紵ڷ֮УֵһССİСéݣ֮һֱ޸һˣΪʵ̫ף꣬ΪҲδ¶٣
ҺõǣҶСϸָָ֮ĿһЩһΣȴǰȫҵĴˡҶСҪʩչһϹĻδҲûʲôΪҶСˡҪ裬ֻˡ
ԼȫͬƷʵԼδùܣҶСЩԼںƵŨ̶ȣƷ֮ߣÿͬһλ̺֮֮ǰԼʩչϹĻδ֮ǰҶСţڵԼֻҪһָ֮ܣ֮ǰǸԼҪȫֵģ

ҶСովͼһƴСĺӰһ䵽ļ֮ϡһӰ֮ǰҶС˺֮е
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ڳЩ˵֮вһֻϲĸоƺոյΣȫûзһ㡣ٿĿУһö֮Ի˵ڳݲΪԭ֮ǰƯԪӤʿ֮еĺҲǱʿΪڤ֮
дûʲôǳµȵȵĸǾ˸ոյΣҲ˲ָԭԡٿǴʱȻ̰ԵıԣѾֻаƴСһöڿемֲôЭ˵ټӵԣȴԵϲ
ҶС΢΢תͷ˼ϵǸöС֩롣вһůոԼ޵Ԩ֮УԼΧΨޣҲ·֮ʱȻ޵׵Ԩ֮мԼֱԼҶСҲ벻޷˵ĸԼǺ֮У
ڸҶСǺ֮ʱδԼҲΣգҪβƿǺȳҶС񡣲Ȼʲô˵ֱͶһ뵽֮СΪҪȵĻֱӻԪӤʿΪݣҲһЩԣֱӵģֻǿҶСݺ֮УΣ֪޷ˣ˿˼κֻȥûԼİΣǽ˺ҪνҶСԼҪģֻǸҶСں飬ҪҶСȥˡ
ҶС΢΢һЦȴû˵ʱ˵ʱ򣬸ոյΣҲǿ齻ʱҶСΪͨϹĻδ󷨽öȴʱƵġʱΪؼģҪʱ֮ڽǰԪӤʿ
ڤ꣡
ʿһԼոһ⣬ʧһֱֻۣԭеĽڤ꾹ȻҲȥסȵҸΪǣԼȻ޷ӦǱԼѾΪĽڤˣⶫǹϵħΪĹؼڣ˽֮Ҫħ幦ȫƾṩԴԴϵħʱʧȥɾҲصڶˣˣԼҲ޷
ԪӤʿ֪ҶСǽڤ֮ʱѾжڤ֮ϵȻʩչϹĻδҲ޷ڲƿǽڤķӡġ
ҶСȻ·˿ӡһɫ֮УܵϢɣ֪Ӧ󰭲ŷ
һָΧŻתıɳһöһ⣬ֱ˿ȥһ˲ͼһƬһƬ⣬һ±ħʿͷŵɫ֮ϣ˲㽫ɫųɡǱȴֻɢ˼ֶѡм⻺˿Ķͷ֮ͼ˿˫ĿɻҲŵΧһС
˿ҶСһɲǣ˫֮Ƿ𾪶תľϲ¶ţ
ھ˿֮ҶСȴûʱȥӦˡΪʱȻħԪӤʿսһţ
ҶСȻѾʩչϹĻδ󷨣ΪϾȻֻд൱ԪӤڰˡԪӤʿħ֮Ҳ൱ԪӤڣ֮ȴû̫ĲࡣҶС֮һʼܹƵʿһֻ۰ҲƾԼ䲻ˡ
֮УͼõһһӰ֣ײÿһγһ쾪ض죬ײ֮ɢѤԸҫմһƬͨ
ԪӤʿȻҲǿҸӵ൱ħħ幦ǱϾƽضħΪʱսʩչûҶСΪԭ˲֪ٵĽʿΪ
ԭս࣬һεļս֮ȴ˸֮֡
ħԪӤʿûʲôķҶСսغϺԼǲսʲô֮󣬱ǲ԰ֽˡһβͬȴǲ԰ֻֽһȫһ޶ģֻɫǲ԰ɫѡ԰ֽһһȫǿҶСս
ԪӤʿּ˲԰ֽ֮ս㶸Ȼ˽һһֶ֮£ҶСʱܵ˿˿ѹ
ΪʱΪǽõĺڵģҶСϹĻδɢȥ֮ʱԭںڵΪǻᱻٶջصġټҶС֮лֱɢȥ֮ࡣǳĿģҶСһֱδʩչȫֻСľͻǰԪӤʿǴʱƺԼ̫һЩһֱȥǾϹĻδ󷨵ʱѵԼҲ޷ԪӤʿˡ


ڶ ħצ
ˣҶСü΢΢˫Ŀ֮һ˿ᶨɫ
ҶСȻڱԪӤʿһ²ϧΪڵΪȫģպҲԼϸۻศӦҲò˶ʱ䡣Լʱʱȷޣȥҹζ࣡
һ⣬ҶСסɫɫ⻪ƣһܹ֮ͬʱͷų˶ֹ⻪ģ֮лѰġתܹܵõҶСΧƵɴϸɵһıǷֻΪһΧԽԽ
ҶС񸲸ۼµ۵˲԰ֽ˵ĳ֮еķɽҲһԪӤʿϮһצ
ͳ϶ȻҶСұ̧ǰг߾١һ£ǳ֮ϱͻȻȼ˳һ㣬һ˲ԭֻߵĳ㶸Ȼǣһ±ûнһףɳһâӰ޽޽һͣҶСƷתıҲǾ޽׷ױ˷ɽĽ֮ϡƬ֮䣬һķɽһ֧ӨףɢųԵıؽ
£ۼ׵ϣҶС˫ֽձؽһһ֮䣬֮Ǳؽ֮д佣Ŀռ㾡ԱɽӰ죬ƾƫƫѩ
ҶС˫һ֮ؽһôҶСı۰ʼһȼһɫ棬Сһ˳ҶСı۰Сۣ󣬵һֱƵ˱޽֮ϡɲ֮䣬Ǳ޽Χȼһ㵭ɫĻ棡
޽֮ϲŨҵıϢȴָӵ޿ɱƤٻһе뺮Ľ֯˲ǽ֮ϱϵıϢ
ʿȻܵҶС˲֮ɢƶԼвδüȴ֮ʱͺȻҶСӰһΣ㻬һZε·ߣһ֮ƺɨòģɲ֮Ƶĵⷨ԰ֽˡ
ֻáۡһ԰ֽ˱ֻûΪһֽƬʿҪջѾԭ͵Ĳ԰ֽ֮ʱȴּҶСκʧǰ
Σʿ֪Ҫǲ԰ֽ˻δջؾҪȴȥʱٶȺͷӦ˼֡
ʱǽҹʱ֣֮ȴΪ˵սȾѤõĸɫ⻪֮иǺƣХƽ˾Ǵʱͼõ֮ļȻһȦȦĹơǺ֮оͺ̺ʲôһ㣬ͬʾϵƣƻڲϵ֮У
ҶСʱϾ˼֮еĹƣȻʶϸϸ̽һĻᷢߺ֮İĶǱǡռѷ죡
ҶСʿʧٶȳ֮ʱȻԪӤʿǰıؽ֮㳯ԪӤʿϵ绹ҪٶȳԪӤʿնȥ
Ǳؽ赽һ룬նԪӤʿ֮ʱȻؽ֮ٶȻһɽӰӰۣһΣֻ͸ǷɽıԵõ󷽵ľ·͸ˮڵĸо˵ӰһɫɵĽӰ⽣ӰǱģҶСʶ֮ʶ֮Уһһīɫʵ֮бʶ֮ȻӰ쵽ʵ磬۵ʶжǿ
һȻҶСֽܹҲƽΪǿһһҶСҪǰԪӤʿһɱ
ԭڵʿɱǱӵ鶼ԽȻħһԭɵʿʱǽ֮µûʲôˡ
ԪӤʿҶСٶȺƣȴֻܹۿţԪӤħΪһ֮Ҳû˱ܵĿܡҶСһ֮УδնбѾʿӰ졣ʿҪ˱ܣȷǲʹʶҪ̧Լ׳ֱ۵͵һ£ǾֻǼֱȴ޷ֺ
ǧ֮һħԪӤʿҪҶСնСһƣħӵħǿҲǲһ֮дģ
ۿҶСҪɣǾʤһ֮䡣֮һֱǿƵһ㲻ϷԲͻȻ춯
ֻչƵģҲǺΪŨ֮Ȼһīھ޴ħצħצտСǲǧɣͺһߴɽͻȻ֮̽˳ֵٶȻʵʵٶȴǼ֮죡
޴ħצʱ֣Ŀ꣬ҶСħԪӤʿ֮䡣
ȻҶСбؽâȻնԪӤʿۿҪһ֮ʱǾ޴ħצʵһºɨ˹
ҶСֻúȻһڣҲܵħצƣ֪鲻ʶĽؽ˳бųľ޴ħצбȥ
ȻҶСһʱܵܣǾˣǾ޴ħצȴƺû˿á
ҶСֻǸܵһͷǣ㶸Ȼʧȥ˿ơԼƱ߬һ㣬ʶıԼ̺֮һ˿ΪȻҪıؽʩչȥܺĿռֱնȥ
ӽڤ֮ûٲ뵽ս֮Уһֱ˿ԣ֮ͻȻд˱ʲ鲻ԽҪȥǾδü֮ʱͼֻһ°ҶС߬סָ϶֮л©һƺɫһ㲻ϲƵīħò£Ҳ֪˶ҶСûкġ
ҶСոձ߬סһ˲նǴֵһָڵ֮лһ˳Ǳնһ޴ָŹħе䵽·ɽ֮С
ߣϣң˴ҷŹ㣬ħ֮գ㣡ҶСɳͬʱ֮еĺ֮д˺ǹӺһ
ҶСոմӾ޴ħצ֮ӳһʱ֮侹ȻֻΪ̣׹һǿֹסΡȻˣǴʱǿտҲ˵ӺΪԭԼҲڱǴһգԼƿ˲Ĵˣ
ˣҶСȻԼȻҲڱǴһ֮أȻȥûʲô仯֮ȴѾô˵һЩͻȻ֮ϻǧһ㡣
ΨһСģҶСʶˡˣҶСҲǽܹǿ֧ŲεѡͷɻȻ־û˵ôӰ죬ǶĸоȴûôֻͷǣǺһĳٶ۸ܡ
һ֮վȣҶСǴд̧ͷһǡ޴ħצһְ̱ԪӤʿСת㻺صպ֮У
Ǵ֮УħԪӤʿΪʵ˵л˴ΪβȡСӵҪһ
ûõĶһʿƵ˾أǲװ˷һöڤ꣬Ϊһƽ㣿
ʿȻԼһ־ڤꡭ
һ֮ԣǾ޴ħצһеǾŭôѽڤʧˣ


ڶ˰ ת
ǿеĽڤʱȻĶǡڸոҶСԪӤʿʱͽ˽ڤ꣬ʵǱҲδ뵽ⶫкֻǺ֮и̺ܵħȻʯһζĸоΪеħۺ񾫴һζȥȥԪӤʿ֮ǰһֱҶСսҲûлءֱղе˸ܵǣƿǰȥ˵ΣǾʱȴҲδܹ˼ڤ껹ڱ
ֻħֵܹƿ˽֮еĽѾһ£ΪҲΪƽۿۣȻôᱻҶСնһָԼΪ˰֮еߵòѡʮʵģȴһʿħ֮˳νΪħѾ˼ȴû뵽˾ȻδӳãȻ¶ԭѾдŭ𣬿һ뵽ǽڤ껹УѹŭĲԪҲƿ˽ǰȴδ뵽Լһûȡؽڤꡣһ棬ƿҲܹһ˲ʱѣʱȴѾûʱͷȥؽڤֻ꣬ۿŽڤȥ

Ǿ޴ħצں֮У֮еҲɢ١¶ɫҹա
ҶСΪʶ𣬽̽ΧԶľ룬ȴҲܵΧƺѾȫˡ
һҶСֵⷢʣµһĽ𵤺ʿȻδȥԶԶԼߡ·ȥػ˿Զ㻹ȻеΪΪµʿԱ֮еļҴսԶԶߡսȻЩƺδӦ

ȷһж֮ҶСһ͸֧ΪȻһɴδйƣ
ҶСͷȥǾʱµĽȴͻȻȼյ˾ͷƿ;һ㶸ȻΡҶСû˽УҲֱֱĳ·׹ȥ
׹Ĺ֮УҶСϵۼԼɫĹҲѸȥϹĻδɢȥļ
ҶСԼ׹ȴǻȻģԼ׹ӦʱһҶСס
ðߣһŷҶСȻһ˿û֪ʶһֻܹ̽ܵҶСɢϢ΢ˣΪ˵ĵȴҶС¶ļȻۿɼٶȻȥ
ΣҶСΪΪ͸֧Ѿ˱ĵز

ƽϢڵʿҲԸ˹
ҶС񶼲δô֮¶棬ҲĻеһ˶ǽ⳾нյʿϵҶСеĶЩڵĵͽʿ͸֪֮ǳƽδľ춯һսΪԭ򣬵ȻҲ֪ǻԪӤʿյʿǺˡ
ڵʿԾԭشѾܹеʿ㶼˿ķλ˵ʱ¶ĳȴǼġнеʿҲǱҶСԪƵʿҲҴ̤
˿ȻǴʱȴǴ˴Ψһ֮ˣԾɼվԭأȴЩʿ֮һˡҲ˵ƾҶСʱ״һʱ˵ġǾһ£ǴõĻҲؽǺġ
ԭ˿ǴʿͷԸǾҶСõΪϸϸ̽ܵˡҶСڵβһʱܿܵ˵жأҪҽεġ
ʱ˿Ŀһת㿴һҲǷ˹ͷȻһ˿ǣĿⴥ֮һħ˵ԪӤʿ´Ľ𵤺ʿǷ˹ǵѶ˵ʱ˹һʲôõĴ㣬ҷʧ˿ʿ޷ֵġ
˿һˣʹ˸˱˿˼һŲĵǰ档
ҶС׹֮Եʮ־һ㡣ֻ㲻ͣɶ·ԭز֪Ǻһ㡣һֱصиͣԵ֮УҲֵܵĺͱݡֻϧʱҶСȻ˹ȥ֪Ѿûö˵Щʲôˡ
ǽ𵤺ʿԽԽֱһֱעҶСҲĵȻֵֻ߰꺢ͯһԣȴҲɵ˴ʱ˿̣Ա߼˵ΣҲ֪ߺܿܲʲô⡣һת㵲ҶС˿ǰȻڶǹȥ֮󣬾ͼζȻ˼θߴ߰ɣϵһСɽͷˣ
ڳͽʿǴδʲôǿޣһͻȻ˾޴󣬲һһĿɿڴ֮£Ȼƽ룬ܴӴ˵֮֮ˡ
ǽ𵤺ʿȻͼʶʵֱܵɢѹ˿ỳɾԼ𵤺ڵΪҲȻֲˡ
˿ٴһԼǽ𵤺ʿԭתһƽЦݣ֮вмεĶ˿˵λĪҪ룬ֻλ֮»ʵнͣǰħɴ˴鷳֮ǰҲԻ󣬾Ҳ̰ͼ˼ˣź
˵˿˵ɫԻһЩֻ˿˵Ǿͷˡˣֻβ鷳ͬز֪Σˡʧˡ
λǰǣô֮ǰδӹһλԪӤǰģʿԲѵҶСɻʵ
˴ʱڴ̽Ϣ˿ȴֻЦЦûлش𣬵һʧ㣬æ˰ҶС͵֮ϡͬʱԸȡڴĸ˵ҩһ͵ϡ
ʿ˿ԸԣֻڨڨһЦһǱ˶ݹֱԶȥ

˿һͬҶСǰ壬һԶԶʿٿǻȥεҶСͷһ
˸ոձԺûʣĵȴֲ֪Ǵʲô⡣صУ֮Ǻ̬ҲȷˡǺɾ͸ѵðˡ
֮У֪˶طɽȴɴ˲С鷳ʿصУ֮е֮󣬽ȥǵ̬ȣһǱԪӤʿħһһԪӤڵʿ·ͬСɣҲӰɵ͵λһʿҲὫڲر֪ɣǻ᲻ٶͼıҲ˵ġ
֮֮ܶеĸݣûʣΪķչﲻϧһеɺԻ鷳ϡ
˿˼ܣ䰲Σ²Ƭ̱Ѿ͸Եò԰׵ɫһ֡ҶСĿ֮УҲ˸ĵĺǡ
Ȼֻһ㣬ʵյ֮УɵȴƽΪƽ͡ȻǵӡѰﵱԼļһ㿴ԾǵΣ֮ʱҲῼǶ˴֮ࡣڣȻҲ乲ѡ


ڶ˾ ˿ľ
֪ӺʱʼһΣ˿뵽ҶС񡣴ǰɷ˱֮бĪڴҶСܹչȻʱ̣ҶСĻˡֻڣȻΣʱȴ˸Σɵǰ;谵һֱԼĹǵҶСҲȥ

ƫ֮ڣѾѳһ˿˿ϸС˿ڵҶСһƳɵĴͰ֮СǴͰ֮ǻҺ塣ҺĶĻָЧҩҺи˸ҩЩȴֻھҶСָڲ˥˵
üˡʵ˿ʵҶС˸˵ҩʵƣҩȴҲƷҩѡ
ƫһİڷҶСʮɽ˿֮Ըս֮ʱѼġڷɽһͷԪӤʿĲ԰ֽҲƽⷨȻͬ죬˹Ҳڲʱһ˿˿⡣
뼤սѾչȥҶСûκκתļ䲻ûΪϷµĵҩָʲôھҲĻ𡣶ı仯͸Ϊԣ֮ϾȻΪ⻵̫ѿһС˿ڣѿһΪҶСԭĻָҩҺӰϻָָٶȴǸϲ˿ѿٶȣʱţҶСָ˿ѾԽԽȴ֪ǷΪѾ̫ǿֻõ˿һһĳ֣ȴδѪҺ
˿ոշԸ֮ԴҶСǬенʯٶȿɴְǰȥ߽紦͵͵ٻеĲָ߽ʿְһЩսƺ˱ȥᣬһֱſԵҲ˿ųȥѲˡ
ȻԸ뿪ҶС񣬿ȴҲõʱҶСҪԼһֱػ˿ʮںˣʱҪԼȥѲ飬ȻĲԸȴ˳ӵȥˡ
ҶСһεȵĻ֮СʶҲ׽޷صϸˡҶСϸ֮УҲǳʱɶ֪һСΪصģͻȻָ˱СռϸռĺԡھȻҲ뵽˻ԵСܹܵõҲǼΪɢűϢǱϢϸʹþ󲿷ֿռ䶼Ѿ˵˪ϸԵƮѩϸ֮ΨһûбӰģڵľ֮ˡ
ϸ֮лǺѾ޷Լйɵġһ൱ڷڵĴֻе˱֮ʲŻ޷ԼﵽйĵزʱҶСİΣ֪ǩԼĺҲܵ˼Ӱ죬֪ʱܹѹ
һ棬ΪҶСʶ̫أϸҲʼòȶڱԵطѾʼһͬһ𶯣ոǻ粻һȶÿռ䡭
ҶСֻʩչϹĻδ󷨾ǽȡڵΪһЩҲڻӰ졣ˣȫڱǾ޴ħצһ֮䣡һգȴ֪ħצܹƽ磬ҶСһħԪӤʿǺǿܡֻǴĸСռ֮ƽҲ׿֮¡ħצܹдܣ޵ĹмĹϵһֻħǿƽܴ֮ޣȻᱻҶСȥ˵һָˣһҲԸҶСɼ˺ҶСûеʱ֮ѾǸ漣ֵܹ֮ʱ̸ǲ֪ƾʲôͦǸʱ
Ǿ޴ħצ֮еĺڰϢ֮У̺ľǼǿħħͬѰȻڵħħħצħħ֮ӵǿƻࡢ
һգҶС侭Ѿħʴ𻵡ʱҶСƾһ˵һִȥǴĻδɢȥ֮ħĸŰϵƻÿһϸ΢֮Ϊսĵûһ˿͸ԵǷƻ֮
ȻȥҶСһս֮вδܵʲôԵĴˣʵȴѾأ֮Ȼ˲С

˼˿ڵڻָһЩǣɫȴûһ˿ĺתˣ֮ȴھżĥĴδйġûΪһ˶ǵ޷񡭡
˶ȥ˿վߵҶСڵǰɫƽͣɫ⣬ûʲôҶСҶСʱھԳܵĿʹȴΪʶգ˿ܲʹȥֻǳ˯ȥһ㡣
ھ˿ΪߣʶҲΪ㲩ǴʱҶСȴ޼ƿʩֻܹȫпֲ̫ܶัõĵҩ¡Ǵʱ֮еҺ廹ԼȺ֮֮ɾˣҶСȴûкתļ
ʱΨһ̫ҶС˲ûٵٶȶ񻯡˿֪ҶСʲôҲڰѾƿ;ҶСֿʹĽһ񻯡ǿǰΣȴڻչδƺתļ
һת˿ҶСѾʶꡣҶС㿡ŵݣ˿ɵ˵֮ʱģҶСȻ±ֵϳɣȴҲ͸¶˲еۡǽЩҶС񵱳еǼȴһıĥһֵַת䣬ҶСҲǸӷֶ˼ָ㡣ӡ˿еӰҲһδεĽӴ𽥱øߴ
һĻĻл롭
ԼҶСҲͬʿ࣬ˡ
˿а
˫ۣü΢壬Ľë֮΢΢ҧҧ´֪ΪΣ˿֮أһĨΡ
˫һӣ˿֮бɢһͬһ⣬ƫ֮Ʈơ˵⣬ȴһƵɢ͵⡣
Ѥõӳ֮£˿Եüġ
һ֮˿üŻչȴɲԾҧԼ´Ǵż鲻ԽĽš
ķһͷ˳ںڳһ㴹֮ǰ˿˼Ȼ
˫Ȼ´ƣͼ˿һỬ
һ֮ʣ˿ǽҧһ´Ǹոմչ¶֮Ͽó侹ȻԾĲһ¡ҲΪһһҲһֱӵ֮ǰһԽñҲڵչ¶桭
һ֬˿Ϊʲˣ˿ѩ׵ļ޴ڣҲչ¶š
ڴˣҲ˵˶Ȼ궼ᱻȥǾŮҲҪԲλ뷨ᱻջ˺ɡ
Ȼʱ˵ֻһȥȫǰ֪ҶС񡣿˿ǾСۻסǰź֮áҲ֣ƽ˿´綼ǼΪջǰһ˫߷Ҳʱ֣ʱȴûģȴǲԾ˫Խ


ڶ һת
Ŵƣ˿˫ۡ
ʱΧһѾԽԽ࣬װλƫеòƳɾ
һҶС˿ĺһ¡̤Լո£ڵ֮ϵҶС񻺲߹ȥ
ԭ˿ҶСҲֻĲԶ߽ˣ΢΢ͣһ¡ԵĻתһ˫ѩ̤뵽֮С
һ뵽赱У˿㽫嶼뵽ЩǵҺ嵱Сֻ¶˽׵ˮϣһͷںڳȻƮڻˮϡ
˿ȻѾǽ𵤺ΪδȴûжǿģûеػĻҲԵ⺮бҺĺʴġ
һһ˲˿㲻òԵеıҺʴɾˣȴɽסҧֱ
費ҶСһд´࣬ڶһ˾˿ܿһıԵҲᴥҶС伡ഥ
ǵҺ嵱У˿ֻԼƾҪ͸ΨһоõůȵıֻǽűҶСļˡ
ҶС֮ǰǰ˯һûκ֪
˿壬űԵŲҶС
硢һ硢硭
˿ҶСĲԽܹĸܵõǷҶСϵȡ
ڣ˿˶ӽҶС˼ף˿ԽܹܵҶСů֪ģԽ
Ϊ˿лŲӣеˮ͸Ӳǵ˿Ưˮ֮ϵķ˿Ҳ֮ˮ֮ϵӰ˵ĹӰҲģ
ƫеɢⲻ֪ʱʼ£۵һ𣬺һⱡɴһ㣬޷лƮ֮еĿռ뿪
ɵɴ֮УǺٲȻѾΪ硭
֪ʱ˿§סҶСĲ˫ȲҶСʵ䣬ԼȫҶС֮ϡؿڽҶС֮ϣʹһ˫ñѹ롣ȴ˿ҶС񻷱ø
˿ɶɫԽʹ֮еֻˬڵ˳ҶСϵΪ֮кĸоôѡ
֪Ƿܵ˿ҶСҲʼ˱仯ԭһɫúϸСѿڳֵٶԽԽ֮ǰָ˿ҲʼԽԽۿɼٶ޸š
Ϊ˿ȫĸУҶС˺ת
ģ˿ԽͶɶٶҲԽԽ졣ƺΪҶСҲپˮеı
˿ҶС񱧵ԽԽҪ뵽Լ֮УΪԼһֲݡ
ˮӿ֮䣬˿ͷҶСļ֮ϡһڱҧסҶСĶʱҽ׵ı鲻ԽϸϸҧĥţʱͬСһͷš·ΪζΪ˵ζ
ڣԭһλӦ֮⣬һֱͬľͷһȥҶС񽥽ķӦȻ֮ǰӦ֮Ȼ仯ȴľͷһӲ
˿Ȼˣ֮Сҵǻ죬ʹ࣬Ȼȫ޴ֻ֪ǼȥһֱԶҲҪͣЪ
֮е˿Ȼܲı仯ҶСϸ΢仯ȻҲûз֡
ҶСɽ˫ۣɺһжôȻһ㣬ԭ˯úһҶСȻ΢΢һ֮󣬱ҵѵλã˿һ˫Եüϸȴ˫ͬ˿䣬§ԼĻ
ΪҶСı仯˱ˮ֮ǰеһ㲻Ҳٴڣһжø˳
ԾģҶСҲʼԼĴڻ֮ѰţͬӤһ㻬ۣ˲ҽգһˮҶСһ֮Լ಻ϵѰţҪЩʲôȴ֪Ƿ֪Ƿ
ڣ˿ܲסҶСԾҶСĻ֮УҶСĲ˳ĲԼͽ˿СҶСȴƺԲ㣬ӲҪȡ࣬ͬҲԼͷ̽˿ĿУƵһ𡭡
˿ԽԽǷ壬˵ˬʹѡҶСԽĺһ˫÷ɳǸƵʵʶ
ҶСƺҲ˿ĴԼ룬ȻȻı㽫ͷһԲ˫֮䡣òĦԼ˫աһ㺬סһ֮ϵһۺ졭
һ̣жȥ˳һԭʼ
˿ҲͲס֮˿κε֮յƫ֮У
յĴ˲Ϊòٿտᣡ
˿ʮĹת֮ĵһתﵽ֮ʱת¡ʮµΪһ֮ԪһͬҶСաҶСʱܵԼ֪ǲ֪Ļ䣬ĳ˿֮⣬˿Ϊ

ҶС˲ϣҲҶС񣬲֪ɽҪʲôΣѣҶСҪաڵҲ֮˿뵽ԼЩ֮˿ѵľ鵤ҩ
еѪͨľת֮ԪкʹΪ޷Ŵ󣬻Ϊ̲ɵ֮޺ôҲ֮ǰһֱԪӤʿŲȥȡԪ׼ͻƷʱȥɲԭˡ
ΰοࡣ
ԭ˿ΪԼĸԸ֮ˣǾת֮޵Ԫ֮ջع鳾ˡ˿ѣγֲһЩȻõȻͶ
ڣҲ֪ԼΪҶСʱҩɾȣֲܲȶǸжԭΪ丶Ҳ֪ԼټҶСۼԪӤʿƤ¾ȳԼԼ뷨ת䣬ԸΪ丶ΣԼȷʵ֪ʱԼȷûһ˿ĲʣûһĲԸ

ʱ䲻֪˶ãƫ֮е֮ļٸֵ߰˵ͻƳת˲֪ٴΡһΣõļ֮ͻȻʹȫһ˻ߵһƫ֮е֮˸߳һȻ߰ȴƳת
ʱ˿ԪڳкԪ˳ҶС뵽˿֮У֮߳ҶСڵĻ˿Ϊ֮ǰȻҲвڻҶСնȥǴǰֻвɵΪȥһ˲ȴһٽʣµ߳㳲ͣ
ͬʱ˿һ㣬ԽᶶʹıסҶС񣬽ͷԼؿڡ˫ҲʶĸӽȵסҶСۡϸ󡢻۵֮Ҳһ˲ҶСסļסҶСڲϽļӲ
ܵ˿ı仯ҶСҲһ˲£ĳ֮һȫ֪ʱѾȫϣһ˿˵ͬԱ䱧ס˿˿Բβƽеۡ





ڶһ 𵤺

ҶСҲĺһ֮˫ĿȻһ˫Ӿ䣬˫Ŀ֮ɢľ⼸ʵʣд糤
Ŀ⣬ﻹ˿˲ģǻˣҶСΪǱ֮ǰǿ˲֪١
ҶСĿеķâһļȻȥתһƬᣬԼеŮӡ
һʱ䣬ҶСλ֯һţ
˿֮ԼҪβܹرպԼҪȥ

ʱţʿѾ˿ŵĹغţǷ˰šһȣǼաŽգû֪ǺΡ
ɵʿãû˿֮ǰôȴȫ壬һʿ֮Уһͷû˸ҿʮڷΧθߴ֩ޡȻ˶ĵţȴѵȲˡѾչȥΪҶСͰɵĸɽ岻֪Ѳ˼顣һȴֵŽգѾãǲſ
ӣôõȴοһֱйҶСƣͲʱøΪвʼ߶˿ЩʲôѴҶһ˻ѴŹϣٲҪŶ֮࡭
˵֮ԴʱҲֻԼöˣڱ˿ȥֻһͷδĿֲĴ֩ڵȥʱֻǰ㳯ǴűȻţƺҪնȥƿǵһ㡣ͬʱ֮䣬лһ֮ʮַŭһ
һ͸û˸ҿˡ
Ҫ̲סƿţ浽ڸЩʲôʱĴһ£㱻򿪣
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ԱٵĹҶСϣһһڣתͼһֻƴС֩Ǻ֮зֱҶСȥ
ٿӳ֮µҶСݾͺյ̫һˡʱ䣬û뵽ټҶСʱȻָ˵زӵĻڶȻǵɴ۾ŵֱҶСɡ
ҶСſһ󣬱ԼϣʮһſĴšʱҲҶС˿
ȻȥΪߣʵȴѾֹļˮƽ˿ɢϢһ۱㿴óȻΪʧ±㲻ɻôҶСȥȻָ˿ΪȴǾȫʧ
ҶСһ߳ҲδӽֻͣǷԸ˸£֪Լ˿ϼչأչصλþڡͬʱַԸȥɽʿǰȥ߽֮ѰʿǾعɣʱ֮ǰȻҲɳʿȴֻʿǰȥģǵٶڻδԱɳе𵤴ʿ׷ȥԸٶѰ
һ˶Ըȥ֮ҶС˿ַصڡ
һ˴ţҶС˿˵˿ԺȡۻڵԣۻĸټƵĵҩҪָΪҲָտɴġ

˿ҶСĿ֮ᣬͷӦ
Ȼ֮ҶС˽ıʱ֮⣬һлҲδ˵˿ȴ֪Լһεѡû֪Լûиˡ
νлһл˵򵥣ҶСȴƫƫδ˵һл֣˵Ȼͷ˵ֻԼж֮˿ܵԼꡣ
ʵ˸δ㣬ҶС˿Ǵ֮ǰѾֹ˿ȻΪʧͷȷ˿ûӰġҶС񽲳Լ뷨֮󣬱ףҶСһͬıá
ں˿ҪıȫָΪƾת֮Чڶ̶ʮ޵˽𵤺ڵΪȻʧȥȴҶСϧκγɱĵҩ֧֣˴˵֮еۻҪָΪӦò¡ϾڵѾﵽֻҪڻһ㣬˳ˡ
ҶС֮бҪֿʼһֱıĽ֮ˡѡ˱Լ֮ʱҶС񻹽ΪȴѾﵽ˽𵤺ڡԼȴŸոմ˽ڴˣյһĻĻԼһһЦ
˵ҶСǽ𵤺ڣΪΪ˿ԭ˳޸Ϊ˿ԪȫΪһҶСһֱδɢٵĵҩٽ֮£ҶСȻڲ֪֮Լֱӽ׵˽𵤺ڡΪֻǽ𵤺ڣȴѾǾ𵤺ڴԲûжԶӡһЩģΪûиϰˡ
֮⣬ҶСҪɵвͬʱڵʿذޱ⳾һٶɻɴͬʱ¥޵¥ʯһͬҪ֮ɴһǳǷʿǰ򣬲ȻԪӤʿҲ޹ˡ˵ĻҶСҲͿ԰һʱˡ
һʱ֮ڣҶСڽȳ֮󣬱ʣǵԪӤڣ뿪ɣ˵ĻڵǲĿԽ׵ԪӤڣ
ʱҪȥѰҶԨҲûѵô粽ˡ

ڱͿռܴ󣬶ۻصȴȻɢñȼƷҪǿ࣬ȴǲɢ̫ķΧԽۻɢȦ˴֮ˡ
Ϊռ޵ԭҶСһۻȡоһһֱĸоԶȴϸ֮еֱˬ˲֪ٱ
ۻúãָ˿нʯú˾µҩڴһƧ֮˶ĸ˿ҲǸ֮飡
ðǰ˿ٺãҶСٶϸ֮СΪָ֮ϸѾָ糣״ڿϸ֮ƺ˱ԭĿռ֮⣬ûʲôĲͬʱҶСϸǵķΧȻķΧϸ֮иΪԽ󣬶˸ֵΡһЩСɽ꣬˼ĺѾٲȻһСˡ
ҶСһϸΪȴ̽ϸı仯ҪȥǰȻϸΣȴδȥ
ٸǿ֮ˣҲʹʱ򡣶ҶС֪ڵԼԼҪֻí˾ҵ֮ȳͺˡ

˿ھۻܽλþţҶСһռϴĵطһ֮ǰվš
ȥӡҶСĺֲ֪˶ٱڣ͸ǺѾֻģģĿģˡĿ⴩ǺԶҶСǡǡԿõһĨǱģҲȻóӰ
Ӱ˿һĻżȻ֣ҶСҲδ뵽в֪Ƿᷢչνע
ҶС˿ʵȻɣǶ˿Ϥ֮ˣ֪ԸðҲԶԼΪֻΪʲôߣ֪ȻǸ֮ˡ


ڶŶ ˻ط
οҶС˿ӴѾһ죬֪Ƿҵӡһ֮Ҳû˵ʲô̫׵Ļֻǰһ궼УպԼļȥ֤ȥر
ҶСȻ˵˿ȴҲ׵ģԼҶС֮ǰҶСĸжΪһЩǷȴԶѾǧҲҪȵøΪġ˵ĸ飬ûκܹҵģ˿ȻԶǰҲ֪ˡֻϣպҶСⲻͬһġáܹųԼˣתһ룬ҶСΪˣִܹŽ֮ˣ²Ǹ֮ˣӦòԼȥЩԴ֮ġ͵͵İ˼һ˿Ƴĺ£㵱治ٶ룬Ľ뱧Ԫһ磬
һʱ䣬оԡۻ֮һ¡

һߵҶСҲٶ룬һ㺮ңģݣһֽڻȥա
ݰ˵ҶСֻҪϰȻͻᶮƽ⺮֮⺮ҶСвСĺô
ڣٴ⺮֮ʱҶС˵֮ԡԭ⺮Ǵֻ״̬ıѡԼֻҪԽı䣬ƽ⿪źˡתļ֮ȻԼǴкôˡ
ʱҶСڻ⺮֮ȴԼȥգǽ䴫뵽ϸ֮СϸУǻеΪԼʩչϹĻδ󷨶ݽߵеĺڵġںڻڻԵδѣҶСδͬۻȻ޷⺮ļЩã˵ܹջѡ
ҶСڲ˼裬ںΨһʩչЧûԶʤڵݰЧ
ҶСȻǰķܽȷ˲ٵı䡣Щı䣬ɶǼǺڻ
ȻڻٶȺܿ죬ȴͲĺʵ̫޴֮ȴֻڻҡҪȫڻҪһҡ
ҶСڴʱֹͣΪڻһҪòͣµ顣ԭذޱڻعɡ

ҶСѷӡĺٶϸ֮УͬʱҲһֱе˿һ֮Ĵűд󿪡
һ͵ȴ˿ˡ
С磡
һڷٴ£ӵһ˫ΧһΧʮŮһ죬¶˺εĻϲ˳ֱҶСȥ
ŮǵҶСӱ«޴ѾΪʦİױ
ҶСδСŮֻû뵽겻ŮѾһˡʮ꣬ʾڲͬ
һ㷢ְױȻΪǵڡŲʱѣױٶҲǼ졣츳Ȼ
ױȻûҶС񣬿ǳһʮܵģֱܹȥҶСֱۣͬҶС֮ʱһ޶ҲҶСǰ֮սԪӤʿ˶ָԭ£ڼҶС񰲺ãЦ绨һɵϲ
ŰױҶСһִױɢʣм뵽˴һϸϸȥǾʮʱɡ
ҶС£˾Է˿ͻȻʧȥΪ֮ڳҲвٽڵʿ֣ҶС˿˵ȴҲʼ
ڰױ󣬱⳾߹ҶС밲⳾֮ͬɽһıѩذޱȻûʲôرı飬ǰƽǿҶС֮ȴԾɢ˼â
ذޱҶСкҲ˵ֱ˿ȥ糣һסܽһ㡣ֻҶСֻ˿ü֮ʱ¶һ˿Цݡ
˿ȴ֪ЦʲôġɵУǳҶСֻذޱ֪Ĺ֮ġ֮£ذޱȻͲ¸סһĨЦ˿վȻסȾĨ糺졣ɵû˵֮ʱͷԸһȣҲſֻôżεĳذޱЦЦֽС
һԽҲڶԷǰ¶ԼΪʵһ棬ԼġڣΨһͬ˿ȴֶһиĶ
ڣڳ֮˳˿ذޱͰױ⣬ͶǱҶСʶ֮ˣ˵ЩʲôصĻй¶ȥġ
ԣҶСֱӽԼ˿õİŶȥͬʱҲٶƹĻɴõϸ취ˣ⳾ȥʿƴ˿ذޱױмҶСЩʿһͬɸ޴еʣʮͷ¥ޡ
Ȼ¥޵λѡ˿ϻɴԷЧ֮⣬ҶСûڰͷ¥ޡһͷΪǿĲһȻͱ⡣һ㼸¥޵ĹΧ֮ڡ
֮ҶСѾ¥޶ָʾλòúáɴ޸ûô죬ܻҪյʱ䣬һ󳹵޸ƣɾ͵ǹͬͰһˡ
ҶС㲻ٹȥܣ⳾ǡʲô⣬㲻ȥҶСˡ
⳾⼸֮ΪһֱĵҩãΪҲĺܿ죬ۿҲҪ׽𵤺ڵģϵҲĺ
ҶС񽫵ռ֮ɨսõʿǬҲѼһ˿ذޱѡԼ֮ЩǬ⳾ЩЩеʿʵһذޱʦֻѡȡЩҩһЩ޵û˿Ϊʧѡ˼
ǰױʱֻڣЩҲûʲôãԻ󣬵ʲôҪ֮ʱٸʱ֮
ɨսƷ֮УΪġ
һԪӤʿʹõķ԰ֽˡ룬ⷨȻͱҶС˿ƾ԰ֽ˷Ʒʣԭ˿ѾһԼ׵˽ڣ㽫ΪԼıǾ˵뷨ʱҶСȴļԷԡ˿ɻ֮ʱͼҶСó˷αͼסαͼ׵ܺǿ˿ͼȻҲ֪ж󣬵ǴδҶСһ־͸Լ֮˿ҲδƴǣֻҶСĿ֮иһᡣ
αͼ׵ĻȷΪĸ֮˿裬һαͼƳ˱ܽҶСʹ֮ʱǿ֪ԽΪҪֵԪӤʿĹҲʲô֮¡ҶСʹһļ࣬һҪõ׼ʵϵȷû˿ʹøΪʡ
һ֮ǱҶСնʱ޿̶ɢħǾ޴ħצİָָӵмǿҶСͬһ֮ʱ䣬㽫仯ΪΪ


ڶ 
ʱҲѾع鵽ҶСϸ֮УΪһöڤԭһصҶСϸ֮бͬǰһ˯ǽڤħƿȡ̺мˡһֻ˯ˡ
˶ϣҪ֮ҶСֻصС
Ϊ༸ͬڴ֮δЩ㣬ҶСڴ֮иһңʹۻɢľ룬Լֲụ౻ŵһڴ˱ճأȳ㲻뿪ˣ
ҶСΪܹȫȥܽǺڼ䲢δȥ飬ֻȫܽ⺮ĹСÿÿתһּ㽫תϸյ
ΪڲҪҶСķڻٶȲһ֡
žľһҲҶСĵףҲڴãΪ䱼꣬һھҪ٣

ת֮䣬ȻȥࡣɵĻɴ޸ɣҲ֮кӴ¶ɵҲƽһֱħԪӤʿɻ£ȴһֱûеȵ
ڵһ֮УҶСһϢϻƣϸ֮СһϢɢĺת
ʱҶСǰŻ溬΢Цڰ֮С
ڣĺڼڶɾֻʣµһ㱡ѡ
һ㱡֮ᱡļ֮ϣʹһˮһ㣬˻һѡ
ʱĲ½߽ǴҲѾӺ֮չ¶´
һ㺮ȻᱡҲģҲΪӲһ㡣
֮ʱֻڵΪҲͬ硣ʮִԵһ̣ҶСڻ֮ʱ㲻òСģ⺮鿪˼
żһ˿˿һ㱡ĺҲʼԽᱡɴһ㣬һֱı
һ˿ӡĺڱڻҲڶҶС֮
֮ϣɱűʱ΢Ц·ʱһһֱ
ȻѾڻǴ֮ɸܵõɢϢһʱô˪
Ϊ˷ֹẮҶС֮Ͽʼһϼһ㻺Ư𣬽Ű
ҶСɣͷһԵ֮ȡѾǧŵĻԪĵһתԪĵ㻯һ⽫뵽С
˵ٵɵԪĵһ±㿪ʼ仯ɲ֮䣬㲻ɢ˿ĺΪһֱĺӡӨ׵Щ˷ֵɫڿʼָһ˿˿ĺ
ûã㽥ָӦе
ҶСû뵽ⵤҩ»ôЧԭܻҪʱܳ׻ָġ
ۿƺҪ֮ʱҶСһֱĲ鿴״ʶУ״
ΪʶУԿõھʶĴܣƵһ𣬺һӴܿȥ
ҶСһͿЩתʶƺЩʶȴֺƸԼľʶУЩʶɢһֹԣЩԵɫľˮԪصɫһ޶ͬҲɫ
ȻЩӵŸɫʶڲϵĴӴܣȴ޷ӳܿ㿪ʼԽԽȥһһɢˡ
ҶС֪ЩʶȻյ֮Ȼ֪Щʶ֮Ϊ
֮д飬ҩҪ֮еɴﵽΪ棬ʹõҩáʱڵĸɫʶ֮࣬ȻƵҩĸв֮еԱ˳ƵҶСҲǴδһΣ֮ϵ迴ԶԶҶС߳˲֪Ρ
˵֮еɵһƳͣӵе飬ǵҩȴӵǣԻûΣ
ʱЩҶС췽ҹ̷ˡ

ȴʱȻɶҶС˵ɿȼ尾һ㡣
ʱ仹һһţ״ڼĺתҲƽ˳Ȼȥͬ˯һ㡣
ҩĻ뾭֮УѾȫʴľҲʼ绯ѩһ㱻ţڵ
֪ʱʼѾɢκεıϢ
ģѾûκεȴ˯֮һ㣬ûתѵ˼
ҶСԾһԾغţΪеĽ뵣ģ֪֮˫ȭ˫һֱҷһ¡
ʱҶСͺһƷһ㣬ǷǰԼȴҲǴһ¡Ϊ̫ãʱȻǰҶСĸо֮ȴǺʮңԶһ㡣
ڣָ΢΢һ
ѵļ
ü΢΢𣬺ʲôʹһ㡣
ظ̧ߣչȥ˿ƳϢԽǵ˺Խƽ
һĺ֮üҲչ
ۿҪѵӣһȻҶСȴЩ٣˺ȴסס˺ֻǽϡ
ڣ΢΢һ£㻺
һ˫һչ¶գ˼£ϱ¶ʮֲ顣ɻʲôطһ㡣
Ŀһת˽ػԵҶС
С磿
һҶС񣬱תͷȥɻһ䡣
һ統ŴתбĪܵһ˿˿ۺ
ڣˣ
ҶСһͷӦҶСԼ֪ʱо⣬һֱתУһֱ
𣿲ΰɣ
һ˫Ĵ۾Ĵţ߽һʵ˵ţ̧ҪȥҶС֡ȴոѣ᲻һ˿Ҫֱ̧̧Ҳ޷
ǺǣɵѾͷ⵱ȻģΣ
ҶС΢΢һЦ˵ȻЦŵģͷȴһеһֱ⼸ҪѿҶСɵӣȴζȥᡣֻǿһĭֽ̧С
һգŷȻɫȻָȴֱɱɵһ㡣
ţ
ɻС
ҶСֻС΢΢תļȻֲ֪ʱ˫Ŀ֮⡣
ϻ飬ȴЦ绨ʶ۵˵һöóΣһһÿһνҪһη롭һΣΣҲз˰ɣ
ţ
ҶСصͷһ˫ֽǱСУٷһ֡

ĸոѣҲǸոջָʮȻѾѣȴڻָУδʼ
յѾܹ߶ҶСƵĵҩոһյĿٻָš
һգҶС㶼ɸ棬ָ塣⼸Ĵ⣬ҶСڸԼһ¡


ڶ ʵ
ҶСľǷ췽ҹ̷һġ
ۼ˿ذޱֻʣһԪڽڰױԼѾĺڡȻҶСһζ쾭һ˼Ĺ¡

ȻһЩ͵СһЩϾҲɼˡ֮ҲǾɫ£ΰ׳ȵȸɫ۽СҪ˵ɫΪ֮Ҫλںɽʮ˷ˣȻ˵ؾɫȴΪɣ֮һȴǼǰ͡
ȴǲͬ
ʮ˷ǰȾǷɽˮ֮еĹͤһһŮ˲ЯֶͤͤŮһڴˮӳ֮£ͬɢλһĹԡֻ֬Ƴϼһ˫ۺ·˵һ㡣ֻӸǺᣬˮԡЦЦһ֮УὫͷӵı۰֮ϡֻǱ߻һССѣ˵Ĵɰ˵֮䣬ʱЦʱǷ۵Сϱ¶һСһƤ
Ҳ޳Զ˵ǿ࣬ȴЭСͬһ㣬Ƿüޣ˫ĿǾ䣬Ȼʱ溬ЦݣвԾɢӢȴҲǱ˲ֱӡɷòҲ¼亱Ưӡ
ˣȻһָֻҶСˡ
ȥʵΣȴ˷ǣһζֻ뷨򵥣ҶСߣҲֻļָп֮󣬱㲻ȥ̫˸顣ҶСȻид࣬ȴҲȥҲȥıˡ
֮ͤУǺ¡¡һˮ֮УȴһС
ͤǰʮ˷ǧȥˮӿȣ϶ˮ絷ڿգۡ桢աĸչֵ쾡£νƥң塣
ս磬յ̫Խҫۣʮ˷ɾһˮڷת֮ӳ˼Ĩ޺硣
ҶСͬʱתͷĿഥһ¶ЦݡЦ绨ҶСһͼôһĨϼһ⣬˰Уת㻺Ǻ֮зȥƮȻͬһ˼£
뵱꣬ҶСͬδ˵֮ʱҵүڵ衣ҲһΣ״ҶСһҲҪͻƳΪûе֮£治֪ҶСǷ񻹻һ㡭

ȻգҶСһֱĴ档֮УҶСȻԼľȻҲ˿һ֮顣
ʱţبӲһͣЪһ˿ĸı䡣ããʷ֮Уֻдʷ˺¡Լӡں֮Уںһ̣ʱҲ棬ֻӡƽ⿪żתҶСȴͬھ˺µУܵӰ죬ǵĳɳֱ仯Ȼ仯ڵΪȵȣͬģԸ;ҶС֪ǲ֪ԸǲԸ⣬ЩѾʵĶ޷ıġ
֮ǵҶСѾȫǵҶСˡ
ȻԸ⣬ѳʵĶݸı䡣ǷԸܡ
΢΢ͷҧָ⡣ʱĵط·ڱһһֵַĴ̴һĵʹؿ۵ܣϢ
ȴҲδ˵һ仰ֻǰͷҶСǰˮ͸ҶС½󡭡
ٶ̧ͷһ˫ҶСʱѾֹסˮȻδȥ˵ʲôҶСȴڲϵİҶСԼ֮С

ʱš
ԴӰߴɷķħжѾȥʮ꣬ħжѾǵʤݵķΧ֮ڡֽȴûһƣҵӡļҲ׷׼˽һʱ֮Ĵ֡ɱħһονǶȫУˣ徳ڵħټ߽紦һֱҲ˴ʹһ˿ϢĻᡣ
Ȼս˽׶ԵʤͶݵĺƽ֮еĽȴ˿ûƽϢȥΪ֮಻ֵĺƽ֮ĲҰҲһ̱˳ȻݳЩȶȴʼǣڲìȴң
ʶ֮ʿʶǰβֹۣǷ·һֻԴʹŵҵĽȴûܹ赲ˡǸ޵ĸҲû㹻֯ңۿҪᵽ̨ϵҡ
Ĵƽ֮֮еһֵ򻮷֮սٶȿʼ
ʤݱԵڴ޵Ĵʵ̫ϡûκһע⵽һ䣬ȴݾͿ˱ˣúƽ
Ϊʱ̣Ҳʼɢ޽һСһ壬׼һЩΪ֮СطûдɵӰӣҲõѡ
ҲˣݵĸɶһЩ鷳༫С͵ģֻʮ˵Сɼ߰˰ˣЩڼɵģҲšЩɢһǾþս֮ˣɢ޵ĶӻȻ谭ǵҲԶʤͬʿսҲˣߴɶЩˣΪصľҪɣϽȻд붼ЩɢȡʣµһȫزŵԱЩɢЭ飬ʹѾʧȥʽظɢǣĲƽԼһ֮ء
ڶݣԭߴ֮ѾһšǾ֮ȴԱȫ˵ȫûܵκεĸӰ졣Ҫ˵Ӱ죬ȴҲвСӰ졣Ǳɾþţɳû츳ꡣ
֮Ի᲻սţҪ鹦ǿĻɴһ֮Уһֱڸ֮е͵£κƶݵˣտŻɴ󣬱ŲµӸµ͵ÿһʱѰӵ˲֮⣬뿪һɵĻɴҲȻڶݳΪ˲ɹƵĴ˵ѾԪӤڵĳԶɽǴǰԹŸڣЩǰɵɢޣĴ治Ҳʱˮɣ⻤ɴ֮гԾ˿ͷ
һʮǿнʿһԪӤʿɢ޵Ĵ֮ǿɡԭߴһֱ֦ͬ˵ʱӦûԮɵտǽǵĲᣬ˴ʱĻ˻ȡǵĴûУ֮˵һЩ
ҲһεĹ֮УѾεĻɴĳһڡЩʿȻҲһȱڱӵ룬һٽ⴫Сһµ˼
ĽȴġǴѿȱЩһкϣˣЩʿ׹ȱǱƵģųȱڡ


ڶ 
ЩɢʿʮգҲýеʿʲôѶȻвţҲ벻ףȴòʵǴ󲿷ֽ뵽˴ʿˡҪ֪ǻһԪӤʿ
Ǿһ֮ɱԺ֮˸šһսɢ޵Ϊۣɼʮİ
һͬͰһ㽫Χܲ͸Ļɴ㳹׽붫ݸ˿ΪȻ޷ƣȴҲȥŵݵκ顣ǲ֪Ӻδɢ壬ԭصĴСʮ䶼俴һرĴڡȻӣȴһĵ׹˼ǻɴ浽ʲôһɵĻɴȥֻһ

ʮ䣬ҶСȻ׸졣ٶ޳ҡЩ֮ͨȴֿȫáÿһ֮ж޽˾ΪǲõĹ̶󷨣ֻҪ֮ʱ㹻ʯ𵽻á
ЩҵĲǳֳһһ״ĴֻһϴңΧһȦһȦΧһ޽ҡҼһİپʮż䣡һĵһֻмлܹ⣬ЩҽʿлġȻҪлҪΪ츳ڷ̶ܳأȻΪ˴󹦣ͬлġЩ֮е֮ŨֱûнеʿҲġԽǿĴԽŨҲΪԭɵഫĴһ죬൱һЧãʵΣȴֻǼλݳȻ֮˲֪ˡЩʿܹ뵽ұѾǼˣ
ڣѾ֮أ׳Ϊһʿζʥءİپʮżҡ⣬ֱΪ졢ءĴν켶һȦĵһ䡣켶һҲʮżѣƽʱҲҶС˿Ϊ׽֮˲ʸȻ⳾ڣҶСԪƵʿʲô󹦻ΪȡͻƣҲᱻһʱġ˵һҶС˽˿ռ䣬ֻΪ׽֮˲ܹ롣ȻҲǾۻΪӽһ㣬ÿһҶʮֿ켶֮ʮʣٶҲǿȼƷ
˵ؼԼң켶˱ʵĲΪĵ켶ۻֱӸǵ򣬶˵ؼʼѾҶСƵ󷨽ۻȥһ֣ȻҲǾԽЧҲˡСƼ࣬佨Ѿ嶥һֱ쵽˰ɽ֮ˣΪһ࣬ÿһĿռ䶼ΪȻֻ˵һ䣬ȴָ䣬ɽͬʱ֮УٶҲıҡˡҾͱȡƼҲС࣬ÿһֻʮͬʱٶҲѰʮҡˡؼ䷿Ҳ͸٣ٶȴһʮıЧһǧ
Ὠ˶ңһ꼸κνӴͽʿסΪЩҾŵģϵʿһҲûж٣˶ҵ˷ࡣһЩеĸ߽ʿȴףлΪ˺⡣ŲϢԻòȴպȻò
νѣһˡѣһɳ죡ҶСģҲ⡣
֮δı̫ණΨһ⳾ȷʾµģҲӰֻһǸĽһɣ㳹׳ΪһʿΪļٽڶʿ뾡˰취ΪԻýһҵĻᡣ
һҶСɸı˵ֻ޵һšޡڵ֮صھַŵʿһ֮еʿո˵츳ԼóķţȻǱȴһͬ޵һҪõöࡣȻҲҶСܹģȴֻһЩܹɹһΪСʿ٣Ƿɢʲô˲˵кôһ棬ЩַʿҲô룬ôġһδﵽǸ֮ʱǲۺʲôŶʼġ
ҶСȴǲͬѾʼΪɷչΪ׼ˣлɴػɱţʿǷɢַţʱҲսһʱʲô̫Ӱ졣ַŵʿ֮£װ쵽ˡֻҪҶС⳾Щʿ뵽֮һʱЩʿһһĸҲϲߵˣﻹõȥ
ҶСԸ֮󣬱㲻ȥ̫顣һж˶ĹڶʿȥЩ⳾ڹּ츳ĲҲκεĵġ˶ˣʿж٣жٶӲʡƽֻרɡ
ȻӲʣɶڻɴ֮µĿֱ߷ĲȴϹҲܸܵõġڽʮ䣬ǸۺЧҲԽдС˽Կศɣ໥ٽЧȻ򵥵˵Ϊ֮ʿԽԽ࣬еĵҩȻܹԸ㣬ҶСҲֻҪƼĵҩԼ߽еļ˷֮⣬ʿԿɴеʦ㹻ĵҩ֮ʦڶжҲġ
һ棬ҶСѾȥʹԪơΪȻеһ׶ˣǱǵԪ֮ˣٶȻܶ࣬ͻȴࡣΪԼı˶ԷԪв½ƶ谭䷢չԲŻҲԭ׷˰һЩڿȥͺ츳ʿҲԼҵ˽뷨

֮ƽնʮֽŵգڷܵΪ¸ĹԻýһ⣬еʿˡ
һյ峿ʱ֣еʿѾ뵽ҵʿҲǴ֮ɢѹȵ޷ȥĪʹ֮£Ըܵ濴֮е׷ʲô仯
һ棬ڶʿ㳹ױľ𾪡
ǰһ̣֮лģһմڲת˲֮䣬֮ȴѾ˹ơĺвͬоȻ̺żΪ˿ֲ;η֮и̺һ磬ں֮в֣һϵĺ¡¡֮
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һĻʱʿ׹ԼΪλĪѹȸС
ǣȴֶɻΪһεĲȻ֮һ޴󣿣


ڶ ʮ
ȻǼʮʱ䣬Щ׽ڵʿȴټÿ궼ôһΣʿҲѾ߲ˡ
һȴǲͬȻҲͬẳ񡣿ȴûһԵɢƾȻѹͽʿ޷ܶ𵤳ڵʿݹⶼ޷ֻۣͬڵʿһڵա
˲ͬ٣ûñʿ󵨲²⵽ѵǽԪӤڵĴ٣
һеһ˴˲²⣬㼫ĴȥʱɶʼѵҪԪӤڵʿ𣿣ǿȥһ֮жֱӲǿУһ˴Сһ֮кȻֽⲻĸ飬䵱ԼĹޣ˭ϣԼɱøġǶûʲôĮ֮ˣֺγԸǿˣЩʿȻҲ֮λߣôȻٲ˵ġ
ﵹҪ˵һ䣬ΪҶС֮ʱͬѹһֱиڰʿ֮꣬رΪ֮֮£֮ͬеĸ鵹ʮֺгʿǶĹ֮ΪԼı

Ҫˣ
һ䣬һֱղѹĺƵҶС±һ⡣һˣֱշȥ
ҶСȥ뼸ʮǰƺδ̫仯ֻ֮ķ·һţ
ٿǱ½һ֮ͬһͷٳƮʤѩͬӭƮƮɡȻ˾ηĴ٣һ˫ȴɳγ飬ûһ˿Ŀ־塣ǱΪܽسˮˮŮޱӡذޱڣΨһͬıǣԭüĿһĪɱӵıڱҶС֮󣬲֪ʱȥ
С磡Сһ㣡
һŴԷеҶС˵˵֮ˣһװ
ǺǣŲˣҫģһٸıˣ
ʱ˵ģ֮Ҹţ˿ҶСѹȻûйʲôʽʽȴѾҶС˫ްµݴڡ
šһЩģ
תͷߵ˿һŬ죬¶һЩƤĿЦ˵תͷŷյҶСȥ
˵˿ֻЦЦٴ𻰣ֻҲеһ֮Ҳ˿һֵĽ⡣ǽ֮ϣһΪǣ֮ˡ
˿ԣȴһˡһͷںڳֱ䣬Ʈ֮һ㡣ǰЩӤʵĿɰϣҲǼΪϣΧһֻʲôӵɫΧΪرģһ˫ɫӣ̲ס࿴ۡϸ˿ȥᷢȻмʵԴˣҲͬһֱǷԼиʧɢ˵ã֮żطˡ
ˣѾͤͤױ֮˿ߵļ˲һİױ
ģһ˫֮⣬ױĲ֪ôģȻֱ˿֮ƣԶԶƽõ
Ϊˣױûٱ˵Ц뼸ʵ̫һЩҲԸʣԴ˵ҲӲʱ˵ԽҪͦظ顭
ױ仯ÿɲֻĺò֪ΪΣױ˵ʱǺܿʻá˵ЦģΨʱΪܵҶСǰʼԽԽһҶС񣬱ǲ֪ǺãԳһæң֪ӡ
ʱһ˫úʯһ˫֮УΨһ˵ˣ
ҶСֱǽе˺ƷȥױͷҲ֮һֱ˿󲻽ʶĶ˼

ԵȣƬͻ
ҶС˴˵Ľٶȼ죬ĺ֮ʱѾɳ˺Զ
ʮıҶС˵ΪСİױҲǽ𵤺ڵΪһΪʧ˿ҲѾٶȻָ˽𵤺ڵΪҲͬѾ׵˽𵤺ڡȻΪͬȴǲͬԭ
ױˣΪѪأӵѪͳ츳ΪȻǱѰ
˿ȴΪѾǽ𵤺ΪʱҲʮҵʱʹﵽ˵ʱΪศȻǿ˲֪١
ܹ˽٣ۻศ֮⣬ҪԼѪ֮Чˡڣʹһһ㣬ÿ֮⣬һֵַھǱ֮֮صΪ벻Ҳˡ
죬ҶСذޱͬʱ죬ӭ١ΪǡǡҪͬʱɽ٣
ʵԭҶСǰѾﵽ˶ɽٵĳ̶ȣȴƾԼǿܣȻһֱѹţ׺ͶɽٵʱӳһֱȵذޱҲʽͻʼɽ֮ղŷſ˶Լѹƣͬʱ١
ԣٻƵֻΪԪӤڵĴٶѡ仹һԭ򣬱ǽ˵صһȻǱࡣ
Ȼͬʱɽ٣ʵҶСȴǿԼһȫֵֻذޱȴԵġǽȴǴĵΪذޱǣΪԼҲҪװ鷳ġ
Ҫ֪ٳ˶ڶɽٵʿһ֮⣬Ҳһĥ˾֮ɽ֮ڵΪΪʵƷҲ֮ߡҶСһβδѡһЩֻΪذޱô򵥣ڵ˶ذޱ̫ľֱӺ֮֮뵽ذޱڣ𵤣䵤Ӥ֮ʱΪΪһ֣
ϾԪӤڵĴ٣֮ЯһˣҶСҲ˿⡣
˼⣬ر˻⣬Լ˿˰С
ʱŸ߿֮ԽԽǿĿ粻ϰڶ졣֪ǷΪ籾Ǿ˾׵Ĵ۶ɣʱƺǸܵ˾֮һ㣬ڶ֮Ҳɢһĵ绡
һεĴӦûٶȽףӦҲԷӳˣ
ҶС˵һεһֱǰҶС𵤺ΪﵽԲ֮ʱŴѹȻһʱʮ˲֪ȻͳΪԼѾӵҲԶʱһΧ뿪ҶСϸˡϾҶСԪǱһһȷҶСԸ⣬Ҳ֧ġڿĳ̶ֳ˵ֻ൱ΪҶСһֻҶСԸκεȥ֧ԪУĳ̶ֳϳΪԼ
һϸ⣬ֵ˶ȻһΪһòȻҶСһ޶Щ΢ΪֵĲ֮ͬ⣬ûκˡҶСΪ׽֮һʱ֮ҲԷֱ
ڣҶСҲ֪ˣʱڵһɫ棬۳ϻȻڵҲǻֻȴڱ͡


ڶ ԪӤ
ҶСȻ˵֮ԣȴδӦֻǲϵĵ֮е
һΣǴֻȥֵ֮Ի⸨ػذޱⲻȥһһҲԴٽڽ׺ĽһʵȻҲǴкô˵ܣҶСѾŹ˵ΪֹҶСֻӵзһܹٶȽףῪʼﵽһ㼶ӵзڹ֮˻ӵмǿķȻǲҪҶСȥṩĵģֻҪܹ㹻ľ֮ˣ
ҶС֮Уʿ˳ҶСƽȻδγϻʲôְλʿ֪ôһλλȻʿֻǴһʿдµ֪һһֱŵ᰷ϵʿм֪ԭ뿪ʱ䣬ǺʱģѾû֪ˡ
ÿһڷչ֮жһЩԸǲʹʷ֪ʣͲ࣬ЩҲἰ֮£Щ˵֮Ҳǵĵͽ׵ӣȻЩţȴҲ֪֮ꡣǲΣЩʿȴǴϵҶСģ֮ԶİҪԭÿÿʿɽ֮ʱЭʿɽ٣ÿһΣǽףδùɽʲô֮ࡣ
ҶСҲΪ֮Ծ֮ΪԲŻн֮ơڵѾǵڰ˲㣬ֻҪٽһΣɴһ㼶ӵзҲ˵ķЧѾԵֵסʿķɽȵȵĹˡȻҶСȴֵֹЩԼͻԵֵ´ĹΪ֮ʱ߽׵ʿֵֹֻܹһҲѵ֮ˡҶСһֱ֮ԺԾ״ΪܴԭΪԪӤںܹӳá
ԪӤѾȽڣÿһȼ֮ĲѾǲʮڽڵÿһ֮ĲࡣҲ˵Ϊʿ֮ʵ໹ţҶСܹӵмڽ֮ڵֵһԪӤڣÿһ֮ʿʵʮ־޴󣬴ԪӤڽ׵Ҫѵľ֮ʱСһЩ֮⣬Ҫ˿ڴӽ𵤳һֱԪӤҪ
ԣҶСһ׵ԪӤڣӵеڽ֮ͬôԵơȻڽ׺ʵܹﵽʲô̶ȣֻ׺ܹ֪ˡ֪ǣҪ֮ͬм˿ûеǲˡ

Ϊ֮ٱǽڵ٣ԪӤѾǼټˡǿȣԲűΪǴ١̺Ȼڱ֮ͨȫͬĲ죡
꣡
һ죬һ߰ɴϸնѵؾдֱҶСͷնȥǧ֮һɲ֮䣬ҶСذޱ˱㱻ͨ쳹صľɡ
ֻǳһһ˱㱻ɡǵԶԶȥ˼ѿǾɢҫ۹Դﵽ޷ֱӵĵزΪǿ֮ˣᷢⲢǳһоȥô򵥡
Ϊʵ⿴ȥϸ߰ɵľ׵ʵȴһ⣬ֱֻɴֵľһ𣬺µ׵һſڣ˲㽫еҶСذޱɵ
΢ӦǰͻȻҫ⣬㷢ʱͺ˫Ϸһ㣬ԵŶ˵һ޴״
ҶСһɢ˰Χ˾·ȥǷͬһ㡣Ҳһֻصǿо˵ʱᱬը
ҶС֮Ͳ֪˶ɽٶٴΣȻһٵǿ󣬵ȴΪ׼û˿Ļšһнǰڼƻνоա
˵Ĺ鵣ģΪ˽ҶС˿Ҳⲻ˶ҶСġʵžһǿһ֮пȥӵϵıܣ˺֮е¶Ѿ˿ںľ֮ʱȴҲû˿Ҫѵļ󡣶ҶСĻ֮УҲδκ⡣
ܹ治ɫӭ֮ˣ֮Ҳûмɡ
ذޱ⣬ûܹĸܵõ֮ҶСһݰȫС
Ϊвľ֮ѾҶС£Ϊ֮еСһϸ⡣Ȼӵо֮ȴΪѾױɢѾûԭǰϻذޱȥЩ֮ԴﵽûκΣվͿԴԼڽ𵤵ӤЧԴﵽڽ֮Ϊ㹻Ḷ́
ʱذޱУҶСԶԶǰҪߴࡣСԼͱΪһš֮ԻǰõĻΪֻҪиáΪҲĮ˲µԸΪֵŵùģ˿֮⣬ϵʵĮ֮£ͬҶСһӵһ׷ġذޱУԼٱ˲ٿţΪ˵ĹߣΨӵϵǣ뷨ȴҶС֮ڲ֪пʼһת䡣
ڣΨһһ¶µֿѱ˿һֵŮˣȴҶСǰǱֳһС˵ذޱ֪˿ȻҵԼĹޡԼأԼֺγܹһˣײ룡ܹһˣԴԼ⣬ͼı
ʵ˵УҶСΪıƽ֮ٵذޱֻذޱ̫һЩ뷨Ҳֱֱȥļ࣬ȥֳʲôֱˬԸЩͬµԸֳνµҶС˼Ĳ졣

Ϊ٣δĻɴҲĵĿһѷ졣Ȼٵľף⻤ɴҲǲһġ
ԪӤʿ˵ʵڲһ̫ҶСһʼɽ٣Ѿ֮˷֡
ڣ֮нԪӤʿˡһǶִţߡǵԶɽһģռ˴ɵһԪӤʿȻΪ׵ıʿǿ󣬵ɢȴΪһԪӤʿ򣬱ʿҪȥȴֲ¡ĴСսȻγȶľơɢԪӤʿƺҰĲСԱصʿ²ڶһأӦòռ̫õġƽҲΪѣһжйƽ͵ļ
ڣȻңԶȴܵǴٵơģһʱ䷢ֱ֣ǴٵķȥڼǴĹ֮һɫһľ׺֮ʱɵͷһ𾪡ܵһ˿Ϊ׽پȻǱŲڡ
ɵĻɴܹӵеԪӤʿ걾ɢЭռݵͽܣҲΪһ̫У뵽ɵĻɴ֮Уŵڶݵıʿɢƾеη


ڶŰ Ѫ
ڣһֱȥ˹⻪ʵֻزκ˵֮ۿҪٶһԪӤʿһݺòγɵƽٶȱơԪӤʿǸûҰĵļһﻹãҲ֮ģҪڻҵʱҪռĻôȻٲ鷳ˡ
һֱ̬ҲûҰĵļһֶһĽɫ
鿴ԪӤʿȴǲҳûٷɵýһģϾǴٵǿɶġһɢޣһСɵţڶٵʱûʲô˸ġգǱǡ

ٵÿ죬ȥҲ죡
ΪǿģҲһ֮󣬱㲻Ƕɽ֮Ƿ˳ɽ٣ԹԵɢ˿ȥ
ʱȻǰʱ֣ɢȥ֮ɲƬƬƶ䣬Ϧӳ֮»һƬƬϼʱɶڲѪѪ֮С
ϼ֮УһƺƵʮɳĽ
Ȼɽϣʽӽڽ׵ԪӤڵҶСذޱ˻δ£͵ȵý˱Լ˶ݹ⣬ֱ˷ȥ
ʱһСɽһذޱҲԽ¶ǳǳ΢Цɾĵ׵΢ЦȴǴ绯ѩԭɢʱ˶ůһ㣬һеĺ㡣
νԪӤڣָʿĽ𵤵ӤܹûΪһɵԼȻԪӤڳ֮ʱʮִǵȵΪﵽ㹻֮ӵбʿ廹ǿһ棬ڿʼԪӤʿֻҪԪӤδ㻹һжᣬҲ˵ֻҪʿԪӤ㲻
ȻһԪӤľӵ٣ԪӤȻҲǻܵ˵ġȷҲǰľʿ˳Ϊ֮һ
ҶСһȭͷСĳСˡС˵üĴһϸСͬӬͷһСŵСһ״ĽɫġһС˵֮һɫ棬ֱֵȴǸһ㼫ΪϸƬ֮£һС͵ķѩСС˵һɽӰ֡
һʿԪӤʱԪӤҶСĴС޼ҶСҲ㡣ΨһͬȴǣʿԪӤȴԶûҶСʵġذޱ˵ʱԪӤֻһӰѣҲͬҶС㣬ѾȫʵͨһС汾ҶСһ㡣
һζɽ֮ҶСı仯ȴԶԶذޱΪͬ޵Ĺ
֪ڿʼֱǽ𵤣ԪӤ飬壬ɽ٣ˡʵ塢ҲӦľ绮ֻ֣ҶСϾΪ壬ͬޣȴҪΪԱֻǰĲγƺˡӦľֱΪ壬ϣ壬񣬻飬ܽ磬Ƚ٣ˣӦĶա桢񡢹顢šȽ١ˡΪһεĽףҶСҲǽ뵽˵߲㣬ҲԪӤڣڣڡ
ҶСһν֮ϸ֮еĿռǧķΧΪ䷶ΧԽӵ˸ֵơɽءꡢƽԭԭءӡ֡ԭȵȻΧ󣬵ȴǶѾȫǧķΧ֮У˸ĸ峺࣬ɢͬҹһɫ
ϣԿҶСʲô仯ǿһȷʵĸı䣬ǿΣҲֻҶСԼܹܵõˡ

ԼҲڽ׵ԪӤڣǽ뵽ҲԱٿǰֱԼӭˣҶСвһС
Ĳ֮Լվһ֮ڲΪѾ뵽ȫһǰͬĽ׶Σмֵĵ˿ĹϵҲûκεġȥͼȻͬãûһ˿ĸҡ
ΨһвģҶԨ⣬֪ʱֿΡҶԨҶСҪȥһħ֮̽һ̽ġȻ׵ԪӤڵҶСʱȻԶ
ҶСгһ˿֮⣬Ǻ
յҶСȻ뵱ǸȫͬҶСΪֻҪ׵ڣɲ裬ʵȷȻûʲô裬ȴǲòһĻԼҲЩΪֻҪ˽ڣһжӭж⣬㲻еı磬׵˽ںȴҶԨԼǰ°ߣԼҪǽҶԨ֮˵Ķܹ³
Ȼ׵ԪӤҶСȴ׾ӵȻЦһСΪ㡣һǳʲô飬ԼҪˡԪӤСʿǷʿѾ٣˭֪᲻ʲôطиĸ߽ʿ
Ϊ۽ĲͬҶС֮зڲߵΪǿʵʲôطо֮ˣֻΪԼĲ㼶δǸ׶ΣδӴˡͺԼֻ֮ʱʿҲҪӣԪӤʿһֱΪֻǴ˵֮веĴڰˡ
Ϊ֪ڵԼȻҶС֪ǲ˿ĵȻԼòƴһУ˵׼ʲôʱٶʧȥ
ҶСЩһЩ֮бܹóѾԼһ˵Ϊһ棬Լչһ⵹κεȨΪԼӵһ㹻ǿĻôԼҪػҲ͸Ϊȫ⻹һҪԭǱں֮ҪԴʿʹáһ˵ʵϸ֮ľĺôȴҲԼ裬οҪ߼һ֮Դã͸ָһЩһȻǰδʲô̫ڿʼչȴҲδ̫ڵԼһεģԼ޷֮ʱԼҲѾ㹻ǿˡ
ΪҶСԭ򣬲Żᵼɢ֮мٳַʿԽǿ֮оԽ׳ַʿ˸߽׵ʿôҲͻǿȥγѭԵģЩСɻɢ޾ڽ׵Խ߲㼶ԽѵͻơϾԴޣȻ˭ȭͷ˭ռݵԴ͸ˡ
ʵҲԭЩɢŻЩ֮ʱϽռһ֮ءҲԪӤʿȻʶҶСͬ⡣
Ǻڷ֮£ҶСҲȻԼ׷ǸΪĲɹ˲κȻҲģӰԣպԼֻǱرλУԼֻһǶεĴ֮˴ԼɼɡһԼܹõһУȴֲӰ̫ʱ䡣
ȻɣҶСҲȻԼĴ㡣κһϤǲϤҶС˶õһ
Ϧ޺ãֻǽƻ衣ƻ֮󣬱ǳõĺҹʱݴزȻ뵽˵ƽ£ֻһĨѪӳԶɽ졭


ڶž Ϊ
ѪĲ硣
ʱָոƽϢȻ֪滹иΣڼȴҲѾΪֹ֮¡Ȼ֮ʿȻֽʽˣҿ½粻ȴҲΪΪ治˵ƣڰڰ
ʵӵħʿܹó֮Ȼ˲ħĸ߽׼ϸȻҶССɻǺˡˡǡǡһġ
Ϧ֮ʱ㽫Ϊڰ֮ʱֻϦδȫ£ҫϿաֻʱҲûжٰˡ
ҶСڵλпô̫̫ķΧûһĲԼӰ졣ȴ֪ʱ򣬲һõĻᡣĻۣһ͸ٹ̡ЭҶСҪ׳߳ݼȫܵ顣
νӢۡ
ҶСԪӤʿеʿܷʷ֮ˮأ

ȻҶСڿ˵ЩҰģȴҪȴһʱſʼʵʩԼļƻڣҪǹ̸ոս׺Ϊͬʱڶ˵һҪһֱ⣬֮еϹŷɽ
ʱذޱȻ켶бչ
ҶСҲģۻĵһ
صɺҶСҲδԼһʮܹԪӤڡԭΪֻҪԵġֱ˺棬ŸоȻڱΪ˳С׶Ρʵһھֱֻ׶Ρڽ𵤺֮ли𵤺ڴԲĽ׶ΡΨԲ׶μ㹻ܹӵнԪӤ
ǰҶСȻʿΪԼĵȴǲδЩϾԼûеʮʱ䣬ΪԶԶڴˡڣҶС׹ԼЩĴʿġҲ˵ǵѹҶСõϪһӡǵʱˡܹǰΪȷױ
ҶСʱۻɢͬʱڼŵҩɢĳɢڶǰɢҩѾŻࡣȴһֱûͣЪֻٶѡȻˣҶСȴܹܵõҩƺеĳһֱɢţϸˮһֲͣЪĸоҶСȴܹܵƺԼûҵʵķȥŻ˵Ӧеòֹڴ˲ŶԵġ
һ棬ҶСɵƮĹѼħľ޴ֻΪǱգڼʮҪոɾˡԺҪ˶ҲͲôˡʱ޴֮ȴǻһħƵĶҶСһֱûȥġǴӵֻ̽ħצնİָȻֻǰָ̺ħȴЩħʿʬ׶޷ǿ
ڵҩ֮࣬ҶСѾٷáΪ׶ΣѰƷҩԼƵģԼҲ΢΢ϰ˿ΪЩѰҩܴЧѾôںˡ
ҶСѾϸ֮µȻӽ죬ҶСȻٶƷҩֻ֮ȥ任ȡƷҩϣƷҩԹԼáϸ֮г֮⣬ҶСЩѼֿƷҩҩͬϸ֮д졣ڴ֮⣬ϸ֮лƷҩѰҩЩҩҶСȴѾƣֻǷ⳾֧䣬ڴٽɵķչ
ȻԻʮСȴѾֳ˼ֶҶСľ޴٣˿ҶСѾòģȡͿˡҶСɵػԼҲ࣬񵱳һ׶һ֮һ˿ûеĵط
ʵ켶еŨ̶ȶһ޶ģ֮Ϊ˸֮ʱ໥ŰˡҶСֻҪʶһܹ̽ܵõ˿ذޱױںδȻƽն֮УȴҲԶ
ЩУΪùıǰױذޱذޱԸʹȻҲһɺҶСһľ׷ľͷһֱΪ֮ˣױΪԼɱĸ֮ȻƽջЦϣĵȴǴδԼµԣҶС񣬰ΪʦɣĿıҪȥѰԼĸףôҪȳȻѣôҲҪЩ˵õӦеĳͷ
˿Ƕ͸֮ˣҲ֮ˡȻʱ䶼֮Уȴʱ뿪ɣĴѰȻȡСֲյߣϼ衣ǰԼһˣ˺ʱҲɲϲҪһ𡣸ߣ˿ʱܵ׽統ȥ档
ҶС񽲣˿׽֮ҲպյŮ裬ɽ󴨣ʳ˲ƽ֮£ʱϼƽ˿˵Ϊḻʵġ
˿æҶСȻҲܡʶǵķΧ㣬˿ȻɣǶʱҶСʶ֮УҲ̫ġοԶ˵ΪڶҲеֵġ
ҶСϸ֮УǱ仯С֮ˡȻ˶ʱ뿪ҶСϸʱתһת
֮⣬Ҳ˲Сı仯̵һöڤ֮һֱڳ˯Уǰѹ֮ԭڵ徹Ȼʼһ˿һĻƣ׷״丹ĹɢȻ֮϶Щ˿ƣǹȴø˵ʹǵڣһöڤ껹δȫǾԼвӣΪԼһʱǸӡʯ鶼ûУΪܹĻָθڣҲֻʱӽȡսڤ곹ɾ
Ҫ˵仯ģҪͷСˡĳɳֻֻвһ׸ߵСڳɳڵСȻΪһͷޣࡣȻγ֮ԶûСʱǰϲĿɰòȴҲδΪ֮еžһݶԵײУΪɱĴͷԵмͷԡ
ʵϣС޿ԶǿȥɵɵʵͷСȴȻҶСιѪ֮ڿǣȻδܿԣȴ֪ΪѾܹҶСڣСȻͺѧϰһЩ幦
˵ǺˡھһսܵʧʮĻָ֮ѹھʱҶСָڣΪҶСۻϸŲ˳Ҳ뿪ϸнۻȻҶСϸдľɢЩ˵ڸҪȴǼʱָԼΪһȻۻøΪһЩ
ת֮䣬ҶС׵ԪӤֹȥࡣ


 ɻ
ʱڣһжھȻķչš˶ɣܹȥɱȻһǿ
ҶСڰǰͽΪǰָҲѾ˴ŨһšȻǵָ󣬵ȴǼȵеħʿħʬҪϼ֡ȻҶСڽ׵ԪӤڣٶҲ࣬˿ȥҲ㹻ˡ
ΪȻ֮ʱҶСѾʼǳ֪ٸͷһֱķɽ
ڵҶСѾԼԭǱǽ۳ȥȻǸܼ򵥵ĵȴǸ򵥵顣һľͷȼջȣٷľͷǼˡҶСҲδӵУӵнǽʶ֮ĶȥˡˣҲѾǼ򵥵ܰ쵽֮£˽֮ҲҶСһ˰ˡ
ǣҶСȴ֪ܹٿȵȷŵĿ꣡
ڣһɽһľ޴飬ҶСҲԼĶӦ֮ߡǱȡǰ޴ıȻɽҺͬɴۣӲ̶ȷͬһ㣬ԵҲڻǣǰȻ޴󣬵ӲȴǱĺӲ̶Ȳࡣ
Ȼ鷳࣬ҶСֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ɽ䳹ڻʱⱻ꣬û˼ķɽҲؼգ˿Ǹʲôĺӡ

֮У谵Ĺʹһֱںҹһ㡣ҶСҲ֪νģǰƫ֮඼ûʲôر𡣵Ϊ֮ȴⲻΪ֪ĺС
Ҫֻ֪ǽ嶥嶥һҲ֮еһСֲɽĽ켼գѾڲ֪˿ռ似ɡȽ켼գڵжǼѼġҶСǴδطʶġ
ڣ谵Ŀռ֮УǾں֮еľ޴Ϸ˼ŶݹϿաˣҶСͻûֻڶˡ
ڣʼɣ
ҶСƽһԼ˵ˣΪ֮ǰһʱ֮Уֹͣһֱڻǰɽ
ҶСֻƾųԵ̬һԣ㷢⺮ȻҲɴתֻΪ̫ԺļӲ̶ҲࡣԳ˶ɽԼԭ⣬Ҳδر𡣿Խ˺棬Ҳ͸Ϊ
ΪĺͬתΪϢҶСǴ㽫ЩֱӹաԲŻڻ⺮֮ʱúһͬԡ
˵֣ҶСɽ̺֮ĺȻɢ۳ɵĺԽΪӡĺѪ֮۳ĺȫͬġ⺮Խǵ棬Խĺмơ
ˣҶС񲻽ԼΪλᱻ˴֪˵ԽԼ뵽ǿ֮ȥȴƫƫǶһС֮С˵׼ʲôδԭһ棬ƾҶС꣬һΪҶСʿҲȫų˲ǣ⽫Ƿһԭ
һ룬ҶСᱻɣʲôԭѵҲ⺮֮еϹŷɽʲô˵Ĺϵ
ԽɻҶСԽǼڽ⺮⿪صĵһɽ
ǰҶСΪԭ⺮ǷʲôȥȴҲֻǷ⺮Щ⣬ȴûбҶСҵˡ
Ҳѹֻ֣Ѫ֮ӵѪ̶Ϊ⣬ȴᴫʲôġ⺮֮еķɽǷкιûκرĸӦġ
Ȼûа취ҵҶСҲֻƿ⺮ӡ˵ˡ
Ϊһ麮ҶСͺѾһʱ䣬ɾҶС֮ΪֹҲǽһ麮ȥ߳ҡʣµһ¥һСʣµЩӲ̶ѾǱȵЩԽǼӲתıϢҲԽӵŨں˵иôҲǰ׷ѹ
ҶСһͷӦһͼ·ȻСĺȥ;֮ʼԽŨɫԣͬʱϸͬ˸ʯһĹԡ˲֪Ǳ;еĹâΪӳĳĹͬʱڵҲʼϱû೤ʱ䣬ڱ㻯ɳ̾Ǿ޴ļ֮ϣȻһһӡ
һĻ뵱ҶС֮ʱмơʱѱһʱʱ˻Ǵڵж״̬ҶСһ𵤳ڵСʿǰçײҪȡһȻӵзΪĺԵ࡭
ȴκ˶õģҶС񲻽ȡ˺ģշ⺮ԡԼ˵װһ

һֱҶС뺮һֱڻ⺮ģΪڱϲ̾Ǻ֮ϲ˵ʲô̫ôܹġңһҶСҲֱӱգʡಽ衣
ǰҶСΪ˵˶ӣͣȻٶȻص
һΣҶСҲǴҪڴ˵رճأһΣҪһٽ޴ĺȡ֮
ҶСԪӤڵΪЧ˾õʱܹڻˡ뵱Ǭ˽Խ𵤺ڵΪͼҪ⺮ֻ˵ˡҲѹֻΪ˺ķ˴ԪҲûжЧá
ڿ¾ԪӤʿҪҲ֪Ҫ²СϾҶСԹķٶҲ죬οѰӤ𡣲ҶСΪ˲˷ѺȴӤɵİ취ֻϾ˱統ҲʮѰġ
ҶС񻺻˫ۣҲԭվ˫֮зϱ任ÿÿķ任һΣһɢҲǿʢһ֡
˺ҶСԽԽʢ谵Ŀռ䶼ӳյһͼӳҶСɢĳ֮УټϺɢ׹ԣø֮бúõξһ㡣
ʱҶС֮кȻڵﴦֳһżҫ۵ĹԡŹԵĲʼƶһֱӵﴦͷǴҶС
һ֣ᷢһҫ۵Ĺ֮һҶСһ޶СˡԭⲻǱģҶСԪӤ
һԪӤʿ˵ԪӤѰǵ˹ؼʱ̣塣壬ͷʲôҪʱ̣ѰǼ´šҲҶСճصԭΪһֱԸǿԪӤֱʩչݵʱ֮гһ麮


һ ǳۼ
ҶСԪӤһ壬ǵһת֮Աٶǿʢһ֡ʹԭ㹻ҫĿҶС嶼Եȥࡣǹɢ֮ԪӤȻһͿҶСһСӰҶСıںΪһ
һԪӤӰں֮ҶСȻ˫ۣ˫֮оͷ̺ųײȼһ㣬â˫Ŀ֮жȻͬʱҶС˫־ͺʧȥ˿һ㣬ı任ŷʮָҲ˲ûǧӰ趯
ʵҶСΪҪʩչһ˲Ҫȥĳ̶ȣʱ˿ٵٶȣԿǽӵ˺εȵز
ٱҶСʩչ֮ȻǽȡҪһɽһľ޴ҲǶ
Ϊ֮ǰδ˵ĹҶСҲʯͷӡһͬȻԽ󴿾֮ｫգٽһ㣬ܻܹԪ֮Ҳ˵ܱաڴ֮ǰҶСٶҲӰ죬ԶȥȻֻǵĲ²⣬ںܷﵽ磬Ҫʵ
ʱͼҶСϷת֮ϿʼһתЩҶСһ˿˿ĺҽΪЩһɳһתա
Ϊڱ̾ں֮ϣյٶҲǼ죬ÿÿһ˿֣ᱻһ֡
ʱţҶСһֱڳϵ·ĺҲһֱڲϵЩкôΪҶСʩչٶ죬û̫õʱ䣬·һ麮С˼֡
Ϊ֮е𽥵ĳʵڵĲʼֳһöӨͬʯһĶƬһöƬûƬǰֳɫǾӨ͸͸״ɢӯӯĹԡ
ַ⣬Ө͸ƬҶСҲδʵһҶС˺ڵʩչϹĻδ󷨵ʱھѾҪ۳һöƬˣֻΪҶСһαʹЩɴˣԲδ۳ɹһ壬ѰвСĲѰ޽ǵģǺȴн㡣֮⣬һ廹ԼͬԣǱΪ䲱ֽᾧۼסۣһۣȴǳۼסһͬǲΪ˱ΪһƬƬزʮּӲۼסۼױǺһνǳۼסʵڱǰѾƬǳۼףȴΪǰֿħ֮ʱܵشʹƬǳۼ׾ɢ
ڣȻɢõǳۼٶȿʼ۳͡ˣźڵ˲ڿʼ˼ת䣬պٶҲࡣ
ҶСΪֱӵģǴźٶӵ㹻֧ҶСʩչĻδ󷨵
ȻԵĻҶСԸȥʩչġ
ڵĵһƬǳۼԽԣһֱ̾ŵһȴڲϵСԽǵ˺ĺԽʵҶС񾭹յϵʩչĲвСۿҪϵһ̨ס˳һҶСǺٶȲδ˿ļࡣ
ۿڲϵļСȴ޷е׷ӡʲô֮ԶһһŰһĴڣסߣڱʶ̽⡣
ǼСǻ¶һЩĶǺ֮µĵ֮£һַ¶ģһӴķͼġ˵ػγ˼ҶСµ˿ʲôƵãܹﵽЧú˲֪ȥڻǲҶС񣬾ǰڣԼˣҲδ뵽·ķͼĻӵġ
ں·ǷȻȥЩӣǾҶСڽֹ֮û̫֮Ҳϵó·ķķǾתķ󣡣ͨľͬģ䷶Χø࣬лһЩϸڴˡǶڽƷ˵ǣδĻܹһϳǷͬһ
Ȼϳ·ķΪʹǳľ󣬵ǻڴ˵سֱȻҲǻ䲻ͬ򵥵ҲΪʵõģڷⷨǾʱҲһҶСһҪϸ֮ţúоһڴ˴кã䷨֮ϵʲô仯
ڼСţģȻӽĴСİһƬһʯĺĴ
ʱҶСʩչԽڿʼ뵽һ׶ΡָٶԽԽ죬ֻ˿һָӰٵǧӰҶСٶȷǺƴﵽһһ㣬ٿһ֡ʩչٶȷһļӿšҶСķȷǺšһֱǧӰǧٵӰʮӰʮӰһֱڣȥҶСֻһѰɼٶٶȿȥƺҲģ
֮ϣҪͨкʹʼ״̬Ҳνķ豹档ҶСʩչƣ죬Ӽ򵽷ֱﵽ˼ޣ㿪ʼȻȻķת䣬ٶɷɿ쵽졢򡢷ȴֻһ״̬ѡʵҶСȷʵ죬ָ趯ȴóһԼرɣǵѡңǿȥԸ˵۹ȷȻ׽͸ĹɺָӰˣʩչٶȴû˿֮ǰٶȣ
ԽĽӽмĺĴҶСԽѡҲ䱻˶٣ҶСȴ֪Ǻδǰᶨġ
һҶСڷԭԭ˺ͬʱµĺΪʮֻٶȣҶСҲԻٶȣһʱ֮ԲǳȥᷢеĲͬ
һԭ򣬱Ϊε˺⺮ٶȻǼΣҶСȻʼ˿˿ǣΪǺСٶѾʼԽԽ亮ļӲ̶ȴû̫仯ʹţɵٶŴСļСϵȥȻȥֻʣĴԼȾ͵ĵĺĴٶȥô˺ܾͻҶСٶȻûɵٶȸ죬ô㽫ǲǺʣ¶ٵһ㣬Ҳˡ
ҶСĵǲ޵ģȻҲͬĵӦˡ
Ǻһ֮ʱҶСٶںͺٶȴﵽһԵƽ״̬ҶСÿÿһ֣Ǻһ֡һʱ֮䣬ֲ
Ȼȥڵ֮ӵбϢҶСȴǲԶҶС;ͣ£ôҲ֪⺮Ȼٶô֮ǰҶСҲͿ˵ȫķϵˡ
ڽһҶСҪٶٶȿȴûκЧʱ˿һʱ֮ҪڶʱٶٶȲ̫ʵ顣


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Ǻ𰡣ħ֮еĽ顣˴ʱҶСȻ޷ȥȫ⺮ڻˡ
ҶСͺȴҲδûа취ĵزʱҶС취һΪȻ˵µľ鷨󵽵Ǻãԭ鷨ñǻ⺮ĲɡֻҪƻ鷨󣬱ԶϵԴͷĽԻٻҪһ鷨ʧȥȴ̫ѵ顣ⷨһ𻵣ٶȻعԭ״̬ϾⷨȻ򵥣ʵȴǾֹ֮ĴʦҲδ˵÷дӦҲһ֮˿
취УҶСֻʩչһ취ǱǽܡټĸҪƿ⺮㲻ʲôˡ
Ϊ޴֮ʱҶСʹ𻹺ãʲôõӰ졣ǴʱȻӽĵĺĴʵʹΪӵеķΪ̫ԵҶСҲѰպִ磬ڻ˺֮ʱƻ֮⺮֮еĵ伮֮дûһ֣ҶС֪֮ϹŴµķɽǴ⳾Ŀе֪еǺв׼ġˣҪСĲǡ
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һǺڱȫһɫѾΪĴСССα˲ٶȻûֻ߶೤ĴСһ˴С֮һƬ׹һǶڲǳۼҲõúһʯһ㣬䲱⡣
ϸ֮Ŵ󿪣֮ҶСڱһתɳҶСǰһɴͣһɢȥһˡ
ǲ֪ˣȻᱻһΪ˾ҶС񳤵üΪƣЩ΢֮ͬ⣬㼸ûκβ
ȻҶСȻ˶ΣڼǾЩĸоҲ֪⻹ģװ޵ȵװҲûҶСһ޶
ҶСͨȥ˵˫趯ʩԼ裬ˣ˴εĽ֮ĶһɫĻƾƻͼںΨһһɫ⣬ֱǺȥ
Ƭֻ֮СĺΧһ㱡ɫ档
֮ķΧҪƺҪڻѾֻһҵ͸ȥ˼İһĺģҶСĻȷǸСսǶѶȾͽࡣ
һĸǺ̱˱ļҶСҲٶȣź
ڣ⺮ҶСĺ֮£ʼԽԽᱡһ磬磬һףףһףס
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⺮֮е׷ӡʲôҲ˵ҪôǿĴڲŻᱻȺӡ⺮бӡ꣬ɾ־ĻôȻҲǼǿĴˡ
Īӡʲô֮ࣿҶС񲻽²⵽
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ҶС˾ΪѰʦȴųʲô֮࣬ȴǴֵˡ
Ĺ鵣ģҶСȻеȴҲ˵ΪΪηηβȥǰ·֪ΣҲҪƿ⺮ӡһ֮ﵽǸʲô紫ǰϹűȻãǣͿӡ֮ﵽˣһ򿪷ӡһ׶ģǱֱӽ׽ΪΪһɫǱۣ
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һ֮ҲǺԼɵٶȡǱʹﵽ뺮ٶ൱ٶڻһ൱˺ɣҶСֻҪȶٶȳˡ
ģǺü͸ھֻʣ˱һ㡣˴ʱҲڿеİһĺĴʲôһļȣ侹ǼŨһĴڡֻΪ̫ŨԴ濴ȥŻǰʵİһģ
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ҶСո˷֮󣬱ȻԼʶȻ޷̽ˣΪԵʶ
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ǹӰܿ죬žԽԽɢһг˴СĹӰҶСȻʶƣǻǴ¸оǹӰƺȷһʶһ֮ȴԤǰǿ󣬷ʮֵ
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ǽ飿ҶСʵΪǵǰŮһӵǣȻǴﵽ˴˵֮еɽſܵġ


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˵ҶС񲻽ѰȻŮǽ飬ҶСȴδʲôνġħֽɻʵǽ飬֪˵ħںδ
νħѰָΪ̫ɱŰķɽΪմȾ̫ɷӰ˷ɽԣȻɢɷӰзɽ֮ľаɽȷɽȻ֮ͨÿһ¶Ȼ֮Ȼ󲨡Բűħ֮
ǺǣǾħ֮аŮĴת̯֣ЦŶҶС˵˵ħʵħȻˣֻڵĽ̥ħ٣⽣ʵҲȻٴˡ
Ǻǣǹʲôأ⺮ӡԼеħ¶òףͷΪ½󡣡
㲻ҲҪģȻƿ⺮ӡôħ̥Ҳ͵ˡҹȥһŹĹŹռԸħ֮Уնɱ˳ˡħշת֣֮ħҲˣһǳһ֮ˡֱ֪ǰħ뵽һʿУʿԴɵħţѹħɢɷŽħ֮нһ˿֮ͬʱһѡʿ֮Ҫħ׾ʹɥʧħԣֻǿܡǾʿһֱŵһɼ򵥶صִǱħû룬ȾľʿȴǱһδȫħƣǽħӡ֮侻⾻֮Ǻӡˡȴû뵽һͲ֪ȥ˶ֱ꣬ڣħȻױ»˽̥ΪħңҲΪħıò֮ɢڣĲµһʶѣ֮ɢȥ뽫ħʷȥ֮⣬ҪһħӦǽ̥һ˵ģǺǣ⣬û뵽ӡȻᱻһֻԪӤڵʿƿ
ǺǣĪǻΪ̫ˣ
ҶСǽ֮˵Цһ䡣ʱҶСѾԶǵ¶С΢űɫ֮ˡǽд˽ſԼһ̽⣬㷢ԼΧЩɫȻĳĲΧرռ䡣ԼӦþνĽ̥֮ˡȻԼӡƿǰֻһʶǷͬ⣬⽣̥Լڱصõġ
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˵꣬ȻǽŮ׹⿪ʼҲӽһַֿʼɢȥ
ʱȴǽд˺ǴӼңԶ֮Ƕаֻ㲻ħĽ̥
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һ̣ҶС͸ܵΧİɫʼԼٵٶɲ֮ҶСٶȻصǿտ谵ĺУǰȴƯһ͸ͬˮһ֮ν̥Ѱָƽ֮еİƷ⽣̥ȴ˿ûн⣬֮ΣǾһˮһĶȴӵżǿĽ⡣
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κҲ޷õһλƫƧСС֮оƷ̥
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һҶСͷųһƵǰĽ̥֮ϡһ˿̥֮С
Ȼͼһ˽̥֮Уԭ͸ͬˮһĽ̥㶸ȻҶСһ޶ĳɫͬʱ̥Ȼһ͹ӵĳɽĽΪر𣬾ľʽṹ̽һ㣬ԵùȻĽͬ
һɽ״ҶСǶȻһΪʱ⽣̥չֳ״ãҲӡΪ̵Ǳɽ廢ϻ꽣ɽҶСʱ䣬ϧȴʧȥȴû뵽ʱ⽣̥Ȼ̬ҶСֻ¡
θոγɲʱǽֶ̥Ȼһ䣬ֻһɽ̬֮ÿһûһɽ̬
⽣̥ûÿһɽ̬Ϊ棬ǷɽľʯǸ֡ǽĲʣܼģܿ죬ҶС㷢⽣̥ڶȡԼļһ㣬ԼùķɽһģԼһֱϵʱ֮Уһֱϵת̬
Щչֳķɽ״֮Уܶ඼ҶС񶼽ǼһεķɽȻҲû˳˳档
һʼ͸ܵ˽⣬ּܹû˵ķɽ״ȷƷ̥ɣ
ȷϣҶСҲٳԡǽ̥𣬱ȥ
ʱ֮ȻһȴһЩ֮ҶСע⡣
ǱǽµӴ󡣾ҶСѾƷ̥֮󣬱㷢ԭĴһεȪһĴڣʱмǿȪ۵ɢΪЩȻ۵һ𣬿ȴн̥仯һ˴֮󣬱ɢȥ
ⱻ۵Ũȣ˸е𾪡ΪŨȣȻɵȻ֮веǿȡ
ڷ֮ҶСרҵҲ̫ȥ˼Ͷֳⷨ˼Ȥ̽һ
ʱںҲһϸ֮棬ҶСһ鿴ոյõƷ̥
˵ڻһЩƷ̥ɽǺڵ֮굱ҲǴδġȴǲͬһҶСõĽ̥٩٩̸


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ļʶԶˣһ˵ҶСǶⲻͬһƷ̥಻ͬʶңҲĵһ±Ƚ⽣̥Ϊɽ
һ㣬Ҳ֪һδŹ˵ΪƷ̥Ȼн⣬ԾδΪɽȻԽΪɽɽҪʿʱѪܹһռɽȻպɽҲһǿ
һ棬Ʒ̥ȻѾΪɽҶСҲʦƷɽĽ飬ֻԾѪеĽ͡ȻƵĹ֮費עһЩƷ֮ƷסȻҶСݣ⽣̥Ҫ統һܹһƷɽƷ׸ߵɽʦҲǲ֮¡Ҳ˵ҲܹҵҲ˼ԣᣡ
ҶСõƷ̥̥ͬΪѾ͵ħӵнεġǽзչػصʱĽȻħɷȻǾɾġ
⽣̥Ȼֻӵ˽ƷɽܣΪɽȻһʱ֮ҶСô󣬵ȴȴǻҶСҹϳͣƷ׵ġȻɣƷɽɽˮƽҲָտɴֻʱˡ
ʵҶСһرĽ̥ĳ̶ֳ˵ֱӵƷɽҪࡣһڵΪǵõɽҲ޷ԦġԪӤڣܼԦƷɽѾԳһƷɽѾǼޣƷɽܸԻأûзΪѽȫԦͷӳҲͲ˵ҶСڵΪˡ
ҶСӵеֻƷ̥㻹һĺô̥δγɽΣҶСպǵʲôļƷϣҲԽ֮뽣̥֮УԴٽպ֮ܣȻܹƷɽĲϣκ˵ǿġܷлõҪҶСպ컯ͻԵˡ
ü˵һ⽣̥֮֮ҶСŮ˵֮ԣǽȻţȴɻҶСͷ
һʼħһǺʱŮֻ˵һϡ֡ᵽϡգҶСһ뵽Ȼˡôܻħ̥ˣǽĿħ²֪Ѿ˶ٸ£˾ӵзڵΪҶСҲǻǰ֮֮ˡȻ²ҶСԼţҲһֿܣħʲôֱӵĹϵϸϵֿҲΪġ⣬ħ˵׼ҲʲôϵĪҲ˻ĹϵԽ룬вԽࡣԼʹ˹Լ⣬ҲǲԸֻ֪˵Լ֪ʱȻ֪
һҲҶСҲȥҲġǽ֮ǰһЩ죬һԵպټ
֮ǰŮȻ˵Լֻǲһʶѣý˸ýĶšΪֻ˵֮ԣҿ֮ʱģҲҪ֮ϳʧӡ
ҶСŮĽӴǼΪݵƬʱ䣬ǳ˶Ʒ̥˼˽֮⣬ȴ˸ɻҶСһָоǱǺһεĴԼһֱĴߵ󶼷ǴεСΪֹԼ˵ΪνԼõɣԶڰˮµȵˣԼкιϵΪֵǣƺ°ҶԨħͷҲֵԼ졭
ƺźܶԼܣЩк֪ܶЩȴûһϸ֪ҶСԼ
ҶСŮ˵ÿһ仰ҪµֻƬﵱҵЩ΢ȴûҳЩʲôֻǴŮĻﵱУһʮ־ְĽ顣Ȼŵһͷֻ⽣̥ܹٶȻΪǿɽʲôоȫĵˡ
ٶȻصҶСϸ֮ʱһҶСΪȵĻֻϧȻѡ˽̥Ϊ飬ǲʧΪһѡ񡭡
Ϊ飬ԷɽΪԼƽʱҲɻûΪԼģΪҲл˵ȷҲһȥĲ취
˵֮ԣҶСպԼȷҪһǿԪԼɽĽ顣ǿƷ̥ɽǳ־֮£ûһܹĽ飬ȷǱ֮£
ҶС˵֮ʣȻ鷨Щ˽⡣⼸Խֹ֮û̫Ȥ֮Ҳδ̫֮ⷨ¡ȴҲҶСϢ
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ǺǣעҪĺۡҶСȴûͷûԵ˵һ仰˵֮㲻ӣֱ˵ұֱӸ㣬ϵķǽ̥ȡ֮Ȼûκˡ£ڷ֮ʧܴһ֣£ҲΪԵȻŨȴپʺʿֱɡ
ǱⷨʵȻʧЧˣ
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ǰ֮ԣ˵һЩЩȥڵñڸΪŨӯ

⵱ǸϢȴ֪Ũ̶ܱ֡
ҲԹ⻹򵥣ֻҪⷨȥ֪ˣ˵ȴһ䣺Уڻȥ֮ⷨǰ˿Ѿͷⷨġڽֹ֮裬˵Ľƶкô

֮еĺڻҶСȡƷ̥֮ҶСʮıڸһ䣡
ҶСΪԪӤڣĸֹͻƣһȻ졣ʵͬʱҲûʲô̫ĺ֮ǡˣҶСڿٶ뿪ɣ»ع鵽Խҵ֮Уʼµ̣


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ǰҶСȻ߱ط۵Ȼ˸ջ񣬿ȴһ޶ͬɥȮһǸطһΣѱ˵ҶСȴҪ߳ͬ·

һ峿ʱ֣ո𣬳¶δȥڲľҶҫžӨĹâ
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һӵӸѲ飬һʿ죬ʿɵСӣⷢһʿķ
һӵСϣΪϡ˲Ǽ򵥵һ𣬶ƽһʲô鷳Ҫսִ֮ʱҲСΪλһģʽҶСڰʱϪһСӳǿʵİ취֮侭õĥϣƽյ빲֮Ȼǳȥʲô֮ȻҲ°빦
ȻСӻСŶӵλϻСɵжӣж֮ϻдӵϡɣѾ˵Ҳ糣ķԺơ˵ɣȴǸǾӽơĽ֮иʿսΪ໥϶ڸ֮окڸСӡжӡ֮ͬˣоԴٽԵʵɳкڱ˴֮ǰ˼ꡣ
ģʽӦãҪ鹦˿ˡʱ׽磬ھ֮ѧġеĽȻ֪˶꣬С֮ʱʿ֮кά֡һԴʿ֮ľ͹ͻ˸˵ɴ಻罫乫ֱ׵ķʽ˭ɫܹĻӦĽ͡ڱȥЩʲôһ̶ȵı֮ͬһڵļ
ܵĻɴػôʱ˳ɵɽ֮صءڵ޷룬֮Ҳȥġ
ֵֽػɽţһһڰѲ顣
һһ磬ʿ㷢ݹƾǶݹǿȣЩʿ߷ͬˡ
Ȼü˽ˣ⼸˲ѹԶԶȥǶݹǰǿǰԽԽˣɵš⳾λԼλȻûʲôְλȴ֮ˡҪ˵һжǰո˵ͶɵĹܻõԴ˶ѭҪ˵رļˣҪǰɳЩˡЩУЩ֮ˣᷢдͷ֮˲⳾ҲȻһԪӤΪĳϣǷڼ룬಻ʮ߰ģʿ
Ƿڼ˵еʿȻҶСˡ˿ذޱжųϵְλױΪûʲôҪûйʲôְλƽʱֻΪϵͬʿݴڡҶСȻ׵ԪӤڣʵһֱΪȨ֮ˣȴҲδƹʲôְλһҪɷչķмֲԴ⳾ҲҶСֱӳţҲϸϵְλƽҲһЩȴҶСֱӷԭȴǴδ˵
ˣΪ˸ҶСУ
ɽŴʿ٣λѵһ϶˴гţȴ˵
ҶСʱһϮɫ磬֮侹˸ܵһ˿˿һκεͷֻ֮֮һϮ統ɢԱϳҲԽϵٰˡԭݺͰƽ͵ҶСҲΪһϮԵʶ˼ϡ
磬һζɽ֮ʱȻﵽ˵ھŲ۳磡
һɽŴҶСӹʮʿȣһΪʵģͷӿһ⡣ȻСȴȻ˼ִɷɡ⸺ѲɽŵʿΪȻֻһʿȫǽʿԪӤʿѲ֮ʱҲǿȻһ֪ʱܴﵽʿΪҪɵʵҲҪʱļ졣ǣΣȻ˼ɵ̬٣Ȼʼ߳˵һ
͵ɣ
ҶСͣ˽⣬ת˵
ȻѾȥˡޱ򣬻Ǹıˡ
˿˵ͷ˵Ȼ˿˵ôȻһȫͬҶСӣһ˫ȴǲᡣ
С硭
Ȼ뿪һҶС֮ǰ˵Ļȴ޷ԵļϾ֮˵ºܳܳȻҶСӦһֱֱû֪жԶԶΪ˽ܹһĸãڴ֮ǰǱҪϲ̵һӡǲ֮ˣֻû˿ǰĳ죬еĲΡ
û˵֮ԣֻһ˫ӨӨ⣬·ʲôί̾һ˵С磬ԼСģ
ǵտ
ױԵͷƮɢס˳ĵ⣬˵˫ӡڷ˿ӰӵС˵꣬Щ̧ҶСһۣԼһĿ㣬æ˹ȥͷøһЩЩӤʵڲ֪ʱһĨ糺졣ñͳʤյɫ˼ɰ
˰ױģ༸˾¶Ц⡣һǰױҲ͸Ӳ˼һֱ֣͵͵Ϊ̲סЦ
˶׷׸⳾Ҳ˵Щ֮еԲҶС֮ࡣ
һֱذޱҲֻһδذޱĮԸһֱδ˿ı䣬ԴҶСϰߡͱѾѵ֮¡ûʲôҪˣǲ׿ڵġ
˶һҶСҲһʮ䷢˷츲ر仯Ȼ֮ǰҪɽȻͬɡĺһ£Ȼ֮ǰŨҶСƺɵ׳աŨ̶ȱ仯ȻΪǸɽ֮ϵľƳĽĽҲΪԾ˭ܹ뵽һ󣬾ȻܹӶ֮дԼ߳ɵ
ҶСóһö뻹ǵݵϡԼ˵зʲô⣬öڵһʱϻ
˵꣬ҶС˿˿Ҳǳһͷ˽Ϊԣȴﾡڲ֮С
˿ҶСԼԲȥǵԴ׵顣ҲΪҶСǺ˱ˣǾͶ̬ı֮ࡣȻ⵹ҲǾ˵ԻãҶСԸ񣬴ʱҶСȥΪѹҲһöᰲοࡣ
С磡
񣬾ٵճҶСҡҡ˫֮Ȼйż⣬ȴǻ

ҶСɻ
ǲʲô飬ͻ
΢΢һƫͷϴżֽЦʵ
Ȼʲô飬ֻҪҪҵʱ򶼿ԡ
Ŷ˵ͷų˵֪ˡٺ٣ǣǲ㣬úܡʱҲɡԡء
ǴŽЦݣмƤ˵˺棬֮ǵƤȴԽԽС˺鲻Խ


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ҶС񿴵ģҲǲᡣǣʵȴòʱ뿪òʱֻصͷ˵ֻҪʱͿ󣡡
ҶСĻϲ¶Ц⣬ͷʾҶСԷ뿪ˡȻô˵ȴҲֻѣǲԵȥҶСѾƻõġ
˵꣬ҶСҪתͷȥʱȴȻһֱδڵذޱ˵ҶСԵһ£

ذޱͻȻڣ༸˶ܲ죬ҶСҲһ㷴Ӧֻɻġһ
Ȼ׵ԪӤڣǰµɲݶѩʨѾûˡⶫڶҲǷ㣬ͰҴһЩɡ
ѩʨذޱԼ޵ĳƺɲѩʨƽճµʳ֮ذޱʱͻȻڣȴֻΪҶСɲݻ˶Щզࡣ
˿ЦҲ͵͵ͷױҲɴ۾
Ҽˣ
ҶС򵥵Ӧһ䡣
ãذޱĻӦҲܼ࣬ͣһ£ȴֲһ䣬ڣɷĵġ
һΣҶСȴûٶӦֻٿһۣӽ½һʢӻɴ֮з˳ȥշɳûԶҶС½ٶһʢ֮һϼһ㡣ת˲֮䣬ʧߡ
ذޱ֮ԣ˽˻̫Щͨڳļ죬ֱ֪ҶС䣬ֱӿЩʲôȻǰҶС˼Ϊ׽֮ˡǰ˶ԴˣҲֻ˿һ˰ˡһҶСڵĻѵô˵

һɽţҶСֱжݷڵΪͶжݷ裬жݷĶٲرĻĵ١
ھҶСδ߶٣ٶҲȻ֮ǰ֪˶ٱݷΧͲ󣬴ԼһңҶСеĵһĿĵء
ҶСǰһƬˮˮ֮Удеĵ졣֮ɲľپȻγɵĸһ֮Ϊ˵زľ̫ïʢطѵй䵽ˮ֮жֲˮϷ֡
һƬˮȴҲر֮ЩֻƯϿմһһϡ֮ȴ֪Ϊηܵ綾ʴӰ죬Ҳڴ˴ŵ档
һǶ֮ҶСȻӰ졣ݹһϵ֮ת绡ҶС㴩Խ˺Χϣ뵽ˮΧ֮ڡ
һ뵽棬ҶСܵ˵ؿʼϡˮ濴ȥܲ⣬棬ȴǸʵʵڵ֮Ƕߴ֮صһɡɣ֮
ǰǷɣ֮ء
˸֮ҶСݱСһӴʶ㽫ɣƬ֮ҶС˫֮ʱв¶˼־ȡ
ʱһ⳯ҶС֮⽣Ȼȥƴ󣬵ȴóǽ޽µĽ⼫ʵеĸ߶Ⱥܵͣ˿Ѳ³ǱУ̫˷ٶѡ

ˣˣ
һĸߴ֮ˣɫڣ˵̬֮żֺ̬ˣҶСյĵֺͬţȻư˵֮󡪡顣ȻǳеĹϵ֮ǰѾҶСԪƣǳΪҶСҡ
û뵽Ȼ׵˽ڡҶС֮в⣬Ϊ¹Ԫ֮˼ûмܹΪ֮ϻͻƵģοǿԽڵڵĴ󾳽磬˿Ȼͬһ㣬ûԼʶֹƣǽ𵤺ˡ˵꣬ҶСʵʱڷɣǶںδ
ʱװһ統ֻ꣬ǵһֱֻϲŲѾչ۰϶һĻߡҶСʶУܹܵһڵӲ̺ǿҿ񱩵ܣѾܹƿһˡ
ˣ֮ΪϵȷСͻƣȴǲ̫Զˡвһ˿˿ʧ䣬ҶСҲδ뵽˵Ǵûһ¹Ԫֹ֮лԼԱȵġ鲻Լľ˲ͬԪƵӰ첻ͬĵȻӡҪҶСӡǣǷݲΪҶСͷȴҲһֱ˵֮˵ΪΪһֱûнչȻԪľˡ»ȵٻ֮գ֪˽ˣҪЩʲô
ĻҶСźȻ𣬴˴ξڴ˵صʱѾʮ꣬ڵĻȷѾԪľˡ
Щ굹ˣ˴ѰȷһҪȥҲҪðʲô̫ķյ飬ֻҪ㽫ɣλԼҼɡ֪
ֻˣ
Щʵڴ˵ض꣬ԭΪҶСٻ֮նȻʲôҪȴֻ˼򵥡

ҶСصŽ̸룬ԽֳҶС¹Ԫ֮˵Ĳһ
֪Լʲôʱ䣿еص밲ںδʱڱɣصĻڵھһЩ뵺鷳١
Ȼຩ̸ֱȴȻûκεĺ̬ʾ˼ֵ˼֮ܡ
ԽԽãʱص㰲ţֻҪһЩûжڳͿˡҲϣ˵ص⴫ȥ
ҶС֮ǰȻ֪˷ɣλڵڡ֮ԣȻҶСûйϸʣȴҲóɣ֮еȷչòȻȻ¿ȥǼ򵥣ҪһԼλȴҲ˭ܰ쵽ġ
ҶСһվѡɣǿǵ黹ڴ˴Խ뿪ɣΪҪͳһէƲףϾӹһɲô׵飬ѰҲҪɴϸʮֱ꣬һɴ򵽷ΪֹǴ¶ҶСȴǲôѣԪƼҶСΪѾԪӤڣ¾ͷ࣬Բʦڵһ֮
ҶС㽫ЩɸƣרɵȨ֮˸ǲԪơרƵУһǵŻ֮ԼѾ൱Լˡ
ȻҶСԪӤΪڶʱڿ𵤺ʿʶҲǺĵġڶ֮е֮ԪӤʿҪշǣҶСҪĴ۾ҪһЩˡȻܳɹĻرҲǼģ
Ԫƺǿȫıһ˵ǡɾǿĽֹ֮丱ҲǼġΪȻֹ֮ǶԼҲ˽Ч͸ãЩҶСһġʶļһͱ˵ģȻĵĶһЩɱϾǿֲͨġһ£ߵΪͬҶСԪҲܵһ˿Ӱ졣һ˿ӰȴԺҲ޷ֲģ
ҶСҲںڵ̫⣬һʱȻһڲôԪơ


 Զɽ
ҶСԪ֮˲ٴСһһʡЩЩҶС¹Ԫ֮˵Ԫӡǡ
ӡҶСԪУȻڶҶСӰ컹ԪһΪ֮κȾպ˻ʲôӰ죬˭˵ġңЩһڵԪӡѾȥҲǲʧģ
ⶫȻǶʤݵһƫԶ䣬ɶýչ˴ҶС˵ȴһᣬĵطȻһЩ츳ʿȴǲٵġȻȻҵ˽֮һͳһڲֵ֮½е츳ߵʿѡ뵽УΪԼĺص˼ѵ츳ҵЧǿҲָտɴˣһʱ죬ҶСɿʼͻƶݣ֮ȥռһƬأ
ȻԪƶԼЩӰ죬ɻֻ𲽽׶ΣҲ޷ȥɡҶСʱøʲôˣοһɶɶ˽ǵˡҪһһѲԫϱڡԣȥǾԪΪֱӡһܱ֤ʿľģ
ǶݵɵڻԪӤʿҶСҲŹǡպܻ뿪ɣܹԪӤʿ£Լ۴һЩҲǶ룬ǵԶɽԼĹڣҪ˳ǾܵģΨиļʶԪжһԺܴʶӡʲˡһҶСδӴȴϣԣ㾡Ȱ˳ϸβ͵ʱ˵ˡ

һ֮ҵҶС
ҶСû뵽ôͽˡȷǲǰ㺩ֱ˲Ļ
ԭЩɶڷչɡɣЩҲĴѰһЩ˸ŵʿΪҪıʦʦһĻӣ˵ҵһλ𵤺ڣ֮ǰҶСҪöƵƷʼԶͬƷҩΪ֤
ҶСƵĵҩƷʺ֮ߣڽʱƵľѾ֮ͬʿο׵ԪӤں󡣹Ȼ֮һⵤҩɲϧκδֻۣҪʦ֮ߣҪסܹڼһ档
ҪҪȻӦȻҲ˵ʦأϲ˶࣬Ѿǽ𵤺ΪλͬʱӴֳܱ
öҩ㽫Բ
ڶһ磬ҶСһͬǰȥڴ봫˵еĽ𵤺ʦλˡ

ɣ֮ϣһȫɸߴľȻ֦̽һһߴ֮Уλ𵤺ڵʿλ֮ϡǷɣλ
ҶСΪһͬŶݹֱߴȥΪĴ죬һ·֮Ͼ˼ѲʿҲδء
Ƭ֮ҶСǸߴ֮һ۱㿴⽨Ĳ򵥡Щľ֯⣬ʵȴʲôĹ̽һ𡣸Ϊصģγֲڵ¶ͬһϵңһӵʶ̽á˿һƺҲǼֲ
ʵɣ֮ĵһΪ죬һķɣ䲻˵зɣľȴҲ˴˵ӵڶϡľ
ҶС˵˵Ҳֱͣӽ뵽˵ڡ
һһ˵ڣŵĿȥƺЩŵ˱һͬʱվЦҶСֱҶС߹ӭӡ
˹ȻǰҶСҪɣĽ𵤺ʦˡѰ뵽֮ʦôף͸˵ǽڣ𵤺ڵʦΪʦԸǶȻҪΪϱġ
˵ЦӭҶСҲӿ켸ȥʼգ϶ƽûʲôκ顣
𵤺ڵĵǡҶСͬʱߵĴλӭӣȻǸҶС񼫴ǡȴۼҶСһνı飬вмֶҶСĲȴҲȻЦߵҶСǰϾΪʦﶼģƢһ㣬ǿԼһ㣬ΪƵĵҩҲˣ
ɣǹͼıɣҶС񵱳˴гһҪ䱨
ǡÿʶ̽⣬λͬʱڴˣǸµĺõط
һ㹻ˣȻЦӭеһӵĵǺһЦҪ˵ɾڴʱȴҶСһһ£콣ⶸȻ˲ڿռ䡣
ĳ콣ÿһٵߴڵڣȴֲײκһװΡ֮˱̷˲ԡ͵֮ʣȴȻⶼֱԼԼ·Ҳѹƶ޷ʩչһ˿󣬱׷ֻǰһͷػ˹ȥ
ʵҶСʩչʲô⣬ֻԴѹס˵ʧȥֿ֮ˡҲΪһʧɲһʲôŪ̫˷֡Աѹס˵Ϊնֱӽ˻ιȥ
ŵµˣҶС֪ɣպҲ͹ԼˡˣҲǵһףҶСû˿һϻҲҪֱӱԾԵǿѹס

ʱ׷ָһֱҡͷһЩ󣬱תͷѾһҶСȥһҶСԪƱ㷢ã˵һʱ֪ҶСպǵˣ˵ҲԸıҶС
ˡ
ͬ˵
ǻ֪Ǻ˰ɣ
ҶСӦһʵ
ǲ֪ΪӦȻԪӤڣδŹݻΪ֮ˡ
ʵҲЩơͷȻûʲô壬ϾֻҪ֪ԼҪǰ֮˾Ϳˡ
ǺǣЩպ˵ˡҪھȥԼǵԶɽһǰԼɣ֪ǿɷõ
ҶСĴӪǲܵǣġǷɣȴǲͬˡȻڷɣλס֮һҶСҪͼıˡ
һǱסȥշļɾͿѾǲҪҶСԶ֮ˡ
ҶС֮ԣ˶һ֮ӵߵԵͷ뵽ʲôһ㡣
֪ܷ֪ҪԼԶɽΪ£
ҲǣҪԼΪľǽշһɣҪ޻أ
˶û뵽ҶС˴ĿȻҶС񣬵ȴԼжϣǿԶɽԼңɼĽɫԪӤʿ֮ɱЩ뿪ݵĽʿҲǼΪֲġ
ֻǳ뷨Ǳˡ
Ȼ𾪣ȴƵļ˵


 ޵
˲ļöҩҵȱʩͬƲߣԶɽƭˡԪӤһֱĴѰܹƷҩ֮вȴҲãԶڸ߽׵ʦǳ羴мӡҵȲ˸֪ҵ뵽˽𵤺ڵʦ᲻ˡһֱ֮ԾӣƾԪӤΪȻʲôǡ
ã֮ȥˡ⣬ɣڻҪЩ׼
ҶСɣг˿סλ֮⣬δŵʿһλͶΪ𵤺ڵʦ䳤ϡȻʿ֪˴£ȴǳ˵ⶼû˼λ䳤ϡҶСҲλҪö֤Լݣ֮ڵ
ڴδȫȷ֮ǰڸɵʽʲô̫ı仯ҪĹ滮Ҫݶͳһ֮ȥʩеġ

ԼҶС˷ɣ֮ʱǱϢȻϣʦʦΪĸʿջȻ㹻󡣾ǵĳԶɽȻ׵ԪӤڣŷɣ뵽һλΪʦټǼöƷѣѾƽͬ׵ҩ֮壬͸ļλʦˡ
ʵԶɽҲʦƵҩ˭ԼĵҩƳĳɹʸһЩƷʸһЩأ
ԶɽȻصļɣ֮ʱҶСڷɣĴ֮УаһɫһԼĶǰСֻУֻ֮һţһһöҴСɫӡ
һĳֿƷҩҩʵһƷҩӡ˶ǷɣλѼ֮ΪȻĵ׵Ĺ˳ҶСԱڰҶСŵ֮󣬵һʱ佫Լѹ׵Ķ˳вһЩ˵Ϊķ
ҶСΪޣԷ֮ȻûʲôȤҶɣҲûдҪûٵ˼ϾպҲҪܹһͬչ֮㶼Լ˻ȥȴΨƷҩҩ
ܹƷҩ֮ڰҲǼֵ֮ڶݸѰڷɣһóȻҶС֮ˡ
ϵҩԷںеӣҶСһѾܹƷҩ֮Ȼ죬ҶСжöֻպлᵽʲôһЩĽܷһЩƷҩˡ

ЩҶСһֱڲ׼ӭԶɽ֮¡Զɽ˵ͬԪӤڣԪӤʿǿѾԶǽڣԾҶСƾԼȴҪƷһͲòıշλڵˡ
һΣҶС׼֮ڷɣ֮вǿƣʹܹסԶɽһ޷һ˲ͷ㾶ֱѵһ棬׼ˡƷһԶɽУǸ˸ԶɽܻʶĲ鿴һ£ĻȻǲκζˡ
˫£ҶСܣԶɽһȴ벻ŵҲˡ

ɣԶԼҲֻʱ⣬ԶɽȻ
ɣΪҲһЩڡΪԶɽ׵ԪӤڣɣڱҲò£ԽЩϵȻԻ͡
ΪʾԶɽ˻δɣλ֮е˱ɳ˽ӭӡɣ˹˳Զɽ˲ⶼʮ⡣
벻ƬʱѡԶɽһ˷ɣֱǾ֮С
λδʦǧˣɲų⣬Ǵźġͷλﱾһˡ
׼֮ԶɽĴһ˸ֱ˵
Ǻǣ˵˼ҵ᲻֪ʦȴЩ񱣬ֻڵ֮Уҵ˵ãҲ뿪˲ĪҪ֡
ĵǺһЦ˵
ף⵹Ǹڷ֮ˡݷã˼ӭӵĵҼȻѾ˹󱦵أٶ߼ȥǵҰݷñˣôλ·ˡ
һ˵ԶɽǿĪ⣬ԸЩʦӺҲѹ֣ԭܶʿΪĸԸ񶼻ùĵʦԭﶼǱϱ֮ˣЩҲġ
λǰرдЩز𣬻λǰƷ
ڼ׼Ʋ֮ʱһֱվԶɽڵͻȻ˵ͬʱóһֻյ񱭡
ģЩǡС֪ҼλصرЩơĪҪֻһСȴҪķѲʮ꣬Ҳô
ٳˣ
λͬʱлԸҽӹƺյԶɽļλʿ֮󣬲ŻλԼ
СȻªԣ˿Դƣٳһ⣬ҵȱҲٳƼȾٳһ
ɣλλ꣬ɿ˵˵ϸҹҲġ
Ӧ֮£ȻҩƱԶɽ֪Ҳ֮¸ȥ
ȻһλҲ⣬ͬΪⶾһнҩǰ£Ҳǳһʱ޷ҲûʲôӰ졣
ˣԶɽԼȻ޵һǻȻڴź׼ȥݷʦ

ҶСʱһռķ֮Уڷ·һӡơûб̫ǿãȴסԪӤʿƬˡֻҪһţʽ̤˽ƵС
ʶһֱǾ֮УҶСҲһͬԪӤڵΪʶӣԶɽҲ޷ֵġ
ԶɽΪߣȻΪ𡣴ýҶСڵķ֮ʱҲͷ룬ģıӣѾͣͻƵ
һԶɽ뷿ڣſڵҶС㳯¶һ˿Цݡ
ʱҶСΪȥǽ𵤺ڶѡԶɽȻԵ󣬿ȴǴδҶСġԾҶСʵòԣҲ֪޵ֱɵǸҶС
Զɽһ룬㷢Щ֡Ϊ֮ǰɣ˶˵ʦУǴʱǰķȴǿտûһ裬ʲô¯ҿǰ֮ϵɫҲģһֱڵԼһ㡣
ԶɽɻҪͷҷɣ֮ʱȻһǿ
֮ɲ֮䣬ܵտķ֮һ͵Ľơһʵȹ̵İ͸־档
ˣԶɽ׹ԼȻмơʱƵнԶɽǰصġʦ
֪ǺηʥǺ⣿Ǵ²˵Ī飡
ԶɽΣҡţȻⶫ֮ҲɢеԪӤʿ⡣ȴǼεģǰʿ


 ʩ
һ̣ĵ׵ű㶸ȻҡΪԭȥֻн𵤺޵ʿһ˲֮кȻ˼ǿΪԾƽЦݵҶСȥ䣬Ϊչ¶Զɽʶ¡
ԶɽһֶԷҲͬԪӤʿȻһ¡Ǳڼ֮ǰԼ⿴ĺƴٵơֻ֮ҲһֱûʲôҲЩпҲѾԪӤڵʿҶСشԶɽ㾪ŭأû뵽ɣȻϷ򣡡
Զɽһͷԣ֪ԼİΣȻܵвһʱҪ⡣ɾʱźȻԼڵȻɢһ㣬ģҲʮֳͣʮֳһ㲻ʹ
ԶɽϾԪӤΪȻ˶ꡣж֮£˻Ļ⡣һԼĻ֮СͬʱĪҪţҽΪĪҪǣ
ˣҶС΢΢̣ЦøŨˡԶɽȴǲ֪ҶСΪһĵġۣûжҲȫʩΪұҪʱ̣𻹿ܸԶɽһ
һ̣ҶСͻȻâűķɽ֣ЩɽһΣ֮ٶȻûһֶģĻˡȥɲ֮䣬ƵмͲͬȺһĽӰ
ҶСһֱȫʩΪĻ齣ΪٶʩչȻǵӦ֣統һ㲻ҪѾȫ޷ӳ齣ˡ
ҶСĻ齣֮ѾʮűɽûķɽǧŰٱЩûķɽӰѣͬʵɽһ޶ǿܡͬʱЩɽг˿񱩾޴֮⣬̺ͬǿʶ
齣ҶСǿĹֶΣȫʩչʱһɲ֮䳹׽Զɽѹס⽣ҶСܽȫɣЩɽķɽҲƷɽѣĿռ䣬ҶСܲٿصɽķɽҲٶŽеķɽÿһٿصѶȶҪɱӡҶСһĿ꣬Ҫﵽʮıɽ
ҪﵽǸ磬ҶСҪĶսӦúʱ
ΪҶСһʼĹǽ磬ͣư硣ԳֱԶɽһֲʹһʼ令㱻ҶСһĹǺҲǽ׵ԪӤڰٰʮ֮ˣڽ֮оȻƾŻֵһ
Ȼǽǵסˣڷɽ֮еʶȴǻֵܹġɲʱ⣬Զɽ㷢ԼʶʼġĽƿԴ⣬ֱӹԼʶһ㡣ڽʶ÷֮ʱʶĳһ˿ʶǽ̽ȥɾһ̽һʶոճ˲䱻նƬƾɢȥҲͷһ˿ʹ
һ˲̽⣬ԶɽȴҲһЩһʶ״ݻ֮ǰһ˲ǽ֮п˳ЩɫĽӰ֮⣬оȻػһİӰɽնʶЩӰɽ
ոշ쳣㷢Լʶž޴ġԭʶ൱ڽʿ൱ǿ󣬿ȴδʲô⹦ҪֵʶպʶҲ൱ڱתȥıһĵֻһζķôֻ벻ϵıġԼԽԽ࣬Խ벻ľء
ҶС񾡹һʼͽʩչԼǿ󹥻ֶΣȴûҪԶɽһ±һƵ˾֮ϣǱ֮ʱҲ᲻һеķҶСһֱǸԶɽһ˿ռ䣬иϢĻᡣԶɽȻڱصãʱһҪȥǰ֮¡
ԶɽڶڵĻܹ֮׵ԪӤڣȻͻƵ˶ݵΪ컨塣ûҶСҲ˳˳ˮһеˡǲ֪һǲңȴҶСͬͬһʱ
ԶɽҲױҶС񲻹Ǹһ˿Ϣᡣܿץסᣬɽ֮϶֮УͻȻʢǻҲӳյúһ֡ץס˻ᣬһⷨһ֣㻯һΣԶɽĻǰһ̣Сܱ㿪ʼʼɢõƹӱʯһĹ󡣶ͼСܱԵʼɢһɫ˿߳󷽰롣ת˲֮㽫Զɽ˿֮С
ԶɽȻץסּһҶСЩԶɽȻмʵΪԶɽ˻巨ҲͿԸӷĵļԹˡ˲ע뵽֮еЩɽʱͬעµһ㣬һһøͼ֣ǽҲ֮Ӻ˱Уһڶľ֮Ʈڿ籩֮С
ԶɽҲδ뵽ҶСһʼĹͣȻܹ˲䷢ǿĽ󡣶Լһ⣬ȻδڵһʱֱԼҵһ˿϶żһۿҶСĽԽǿԶɽҲѹҲδС٣ǻ巨ۿҲҪơ
Ȼһ˼£ȴΪԶɽȡһѵûᡣֻһ˲ʱ䣬˵ҲѾ㹻ķˣ
ƻǺõģҶСҲƽ޹ʸԶɽĿռġȻԶɽټڶ֮ʱȻԼԭͲʹȻһ˲֮ȫ޷ˡԼȻѾ޷Ӧһ㡣
ԭǶֻǳãںõʱȷҪȴʿ˴Ƕȫ֮вܹӳá
Ҫ֪ԪӤʿǿܹĵԪӤʿĶҩôҡҶСһζҩǲ֪˶۲ƳҾˣⶾҩҲƵġǵʱǸԶɽһ˿϶лὫƳҲǺ׵顣ҶСŻһֱֱӽƵֲĻᡣҪľĶʹⶾҩܹӳ
ҩһԶɽһöСڵһʱ֮бʧȥ˹󡣼ͬһʱ㱻Ӱ˷һʯ֮б㱻ɵԶ֮ҳһӣ
ƵģԶɽķǻҲڵһʱ֮ںһӰҶСڽĿȻӦ֣ǽľ룬Ҳܹʱǽֹͣ
ԶɽƾҶСĽܣһɽֱӽᴩ뽣УķɽʳмڷԶɽѾ޷֮ʱҶСڵһʱֹͣ˽
纣ȺһضеĽһ֮ٶȶȻͣէһȥһֺʱͻȻֹͣ˵ĸо
֣һǶһж·գλߵԶɽҲһʱ˫Ŀ֮Уеֻ޷ŴĽӰ֪һԼĪ۵ˣԼݺһν֮ţ֮в֪˶ٸ漣ΪƾԼԽǴ쵽һµĸ߶ȣԼǰĽŲҪͣˡ
һݺһȴ׵ľҪȥԶɽһ˲û˾£еֻ޵Ĳʡ


һ շԪӤ
͵ʱȴһʱ䣬ֱҪȥסһֱǸԼ鷳ӡ
ȴδǰ㡣ȻǽӰԽԽ֪ƺѾܹܵǽѾԼĽëɽȴûٽһ֣ͣ
δ㶮ô¡ʶץȥҪһɲסԼӵֻ֡ϧֻδץס𣬱ֻԺػһ¡󣬱ǰһ˹ȥ
һػ˵Ժ󣬲ҶСնʲôʶʩչһ֮ˣȻԶɽҲǣҵıˡ
ԶɽǱ¶Ǳ˴ʹöɢȫ޷һ˿һ棬һʼʶѾڻ齣ܵ˲СĴˣֱԶĹҲѾˡ

ʿһԶɽһ뵽ڣǷ֮бһƽǷб㷢˲ԡЩӵΪλԲ֮࣬жƬ̱㱻Ʒ
ԶɽһƷ㱻Ѻɣλڽһȣգ
Ȼ֪ΣǸоѾûʲô̫ĶȻǰԶɽƷˡȻԶɽƿˡ
ֱյİʱ֣ƲŴ汻򿪡߳ȴֻһˣҶСԶɽڽƵС
λǰ˻Ҫһʱ䡣üˣᷢʲôʣȰӡ
λʩ˵ȻҶСԪƣ˶ҶС֮⣬˵Ը֮û̫仯ġȻԶɽĸ֮Ҳı䡣ʱһ飬ڳźõķչһԶɽҲԼһΪ˵£ôպԼҲͲغ͸ˡ
ѯһЩ֪һЩ˳ֻǻҪЩʱҲ

֮󣬱ֱЩѺǡ
ЩΪѺյ֮һ𣬱һΪȡ˵һղǣΪǷʲô⡣ֱ𽫼˾˳˸˵˷ɣĵԼĸһֱڽֹʦ̸ˡ
Ȼɻ󣬵֮䣬Ҳ˵ֻҪмճˡҲٷ
ΪҶС˵ܻҪ̵һʱ䣬ҲȻص֪ͨʱҪΪƳ١
һҶС㹻ʱ䣬ͬʱҲ˺֮ǡ

ڽƵС
ΪʱȻ㹻֣ҶСҲ;ȽʩչԪơԪҲ˵ҶССĺ֢ͬ׵ԪӤʿʩչҲҪҶС񼫴ʶҪ֪ʿǳʹʶѣһ׵ԪӤڣʶĲٿرһȽס
ν;ͬ顣
塢һΪﵽ㹻֮ÿһ󶼻ͬһ·ҶСַͬޣ൱˻ǰڽ죬Խ˵ƱԽ͹ֳ
ԶɽԼ־ɱķԪСһ߷һƯھһ׸ҴΧвһš
֮УǻһСһǳһǺɫķĲ֡
ʶУῴʱΧԶɽΧһ㷱ӵÿҲ嵽жٵַΧϵתš
ԪɽԪУҶСĪʶܲԪơ
ҶСͬʿʶӵоԵѹƵǿȵġһΣҶСҲһʶԪӤԼͬ׵ʿʶԼжٲࡣ
ڿȻԼӵоԵƣȴܹԿóԼʶǿѾǾԵѹˡ֮ǰһЩĶڻԺԼ򵥵ʶܹѹסͬʿûôˡͬǰ㣬ӵпԶͬףǱԼһΣͬһʿֱɱǿҲˡ
ȻڷֵĶҶСһ̫õϢΪҲڲŷӳ֮ͬʵĲСĶΪٶȵİҲʱſʼֳ
ҶСһʩֹȥ˶ʮ졣
ʵҶСһЩΪʱ㣬㲻˶̫ʶУڲý֮ʱʶҲܹ㹻ʱָ
ԪҶСȻΪ죬˴ҲĶһЩʱһЩȴҲоա
ٿ֮գҶСǰԶɽһ棬߳˽ơֻǴ˵λã㿴˵ݡ

ԶɽӽƵ֮߳էȥûʲô̫仯Ϊˡ˵ͬһ㡣
߳ƵĵҶСԶɽԼɣλ̸һ֮󡣵ڶԶɽڶӷǡֻЩ֮жһˡ
һˣȻǸıòҶС

ҶСһǣֻ֮סնڱչ֮Уκϵ
չص̶֮УǷжҲڰﻮšҲСһ֮ϣԲΪ֪ľޱ䡣
ҶСѾ˶ߴ֮еи֮׵ɡһɵĹ˳ʱ⣬ѾǸҶСȥԲֻҪԶɽȥ˵㹻

ΪһħצָҶСԾյգϸ֮ɴŴš֮ʱֻҪ֮еԡ
ۻҶСڣҶС֮ʱȴֻ˵صڲɢҩĵնһ뱻ҶСע뵽ԪӤ֮УһڽתΪʶ֮׳Ϊ
ԵʣҶСѾԴﵽ塢Ϊͬˡ
ҶСһ֮жھȫĻָŴǰΪԶɽʩչԪĵʶ
ҶСĵʶȫָ֮ʱԶɽҲҶСչ֮
ҶСƺ֪Զɽһ㣬Զɽ˻δҶСȻҵķŴ˿

ˣԸȻס⼸֮ȡ¹ȡɵ֮˱½ߴɺϲ֮ǰ͸©һЩΪ΢ԴҲ֮ͬʱȺ¹Ϊһֱ֦֮ͬǰҲʮַΨһЩ鷳ıɡ
Զɽһֱӿżɽ֮Լɵʵ㱨ҶС
ǡɣɶϣԸ˳Ⱥ¹ȴĻôҲֲĺˡЩȫȨȥǣʾֻҪʱһд֮׼ɢ޳֮ʱ֪Ҽɡ
Ⱥ¹ȵҶСȻ˽⣬ʵҲ㲻Сֻжжλ֮ˣҪԪֹԿƣȻҪһοˡҶСڵ뷨Ԫܲñ㲻ȥˡԼȻλԪӤʿʵһ˹ִ㲻ֱǿ÷ࡣ


һһ 
Զɽ֮ǰҶСһöǬ֮ѼĸϡҩΪѾԪӤڣռĶƷҲһЩȻƷҩȴҲѰ֮⣬мֵߵľǷöееƷҩˡ
ҶСѾƷҩ֣ǡܹһöƷҩƷҩļֵ֮ߣԶɽ֮ҲһöѡһöΪʱңЩ˶ҩ
ԾҶСһöƷҩҲʮֿصġ

֮ҶСС
ҶСһֱ֮УյƣƵĵһöƷҩڳ¯
֮䣬ݵµı仯
ԭȺ¹֮Ϊ֮ڶֲ࣬ͬȻռϷǲԸ鸽ڼɵϣȴҲ˶ԡԶɽɣ⳾ŬͿⰲţЩҲԸ˳֮ˣ㶼ѡˡȻû˷ⶫݵߴɱ֪֮£ڶ̶̵֮䳹
˵ϣʵʵȴǱҶС񳹵ˡȶѡĸɵڣΪҶСպм
ЩȴҲ¶˳ɢĴͷ̸֮бʧܸˡɢ޵ԪӤʿһ飬Ҳδǣ㽫֮˱һ٣˻
ڳҶСԼ⣬лλԪӤʿ
ϧǣԶɽȻԭ츳ϼѣȴϧΪԪƣպȴʲôͻˡ
ҶСڵİűԶɽ⣬Ϊдһ񡣶ذޱΪ츳ʣѹסһڲĲˡ⣬ҶСصע˿˽ԪӤҲǳ顣
ҶСȻҪչԼȴֲԸȥ׵Щˡۺ£ǽڱ滮˦ƹȥִˡҶСһֱͣУȴΪһ»Ҫȥ

һգҶСոսղƳɹƷ߽׵ҩգڵһ˲֮һأͬʱתΪʶ֮Ա֤ͬΪ
ǰҶСԹƷҩڷһöƷҩеĸܵ䲻ͬƷҩڶҶС˵һöѾǼûκθоƷҩȴǲͬһö±ܹܵıǣһ±ʡȥĿ๤
ҶСҲ֮ãЩʱ֮гȥЩʱ֮⣬㶼ר֮Сⲻʱ䣬ҶСܵԼΪѾԵƺԼڵΪٶȲδǰ𵤵ԪӤڵʱ̫ࡣˣԼյٶҲͬšȻҶС֪ĺô
һգҶСֱ߳ҡ
ΪѸܵԶɽȻ׼ѰڣֻҪٰˣⶫݵвȶر㶼˽ԼЩĹȥǡԼҲȥԼˡ
ʮȥ֪ҶԨ״ˡ
һͷҶСͬʱ䣬µĽҲһ֡

һпɰ׵ˣ
ҶСһԶɽֱʵ
ǣɢԪӤʿʱǡȻ뿪פأ˹ڰи棬鱨󡣴ʱǳֵĺʱ
Զɽص
Ҳ֮һֲţսǿǸ١֮ȴʮ־ǱΧԶɽѰĻҲ޷ٵġҶСδ⳾ȴǺϤģ˽¹ᣬϢ㶼ͨġ
˴˽⣬ҶСȻ֪ɢеԪӤʿǸʮָ֮߰ˡƺҲʮԣῼ̫·֮ࡣҪ˵ĿǺСġ
ڣҶСƻ˶յģҪʿ뿪פ֮ʱפصеͬһոʧ֮ٲ֮ʱһ
ҶСԶɽ֣ҪЩɢ޵Ļɽǻֵ
ãھȥսǿʿʦϾͳ
ǣ
ԶɽӦȻʼɫֻйڻȥټʿ֮ʱлɳ𾪡ΪԪӤ꣬Ϊѣǲʱ䣬㿴Լ˵ΪȻԵľ޷ǿ˶٣Ϊǰͬ˵ĸоȫͬġ֪ƷҩЧ֮ǿ󣬵ҲӦôﲻЧġ

ʱҶСԶɽѾߴսǿĽʿʮʦ뿪ǣֱɵķ
ΪҶСԶɽ⼸ʿٷУݹⶼࡣһֱڣڼɵľӢʿǲʶֻţδۼһԪӤʿ𾪵ǣһ˵Ľ⾹ȻԶɽĶݹ⻹ӺƵԶɽǸ˲ˣʿȴǽ˶ٶˡٶȻҪԶɽࡣ
ˣΪֱӵıֳ˵Ϊ֮߸ԶԶǿԶɽ
ҶС˼ݡڷɣƵǷɣĽ𵤺ʦĿ䳤ϣУȷҡһΪԪӤǰȻ˶ôͻȻ˸ԪӤʿҲŻɣǴʱۼȴɵǲˡ
ҶСձֵۣҲΪ֮ԭɵʿԼɱ˺ϲԶɽڶݵ£ƫƫϱֳ˸ǿʵЩ֮˲òòͷˣ
ҶС֮ƫƫڸɶ˸ְλ֮¶ΪıҪΪһ档ĸݵȴһֱӵɡ
ʱǵȻ֮ϡʵӸ˵ĸ˵˭ԼļһɵõҶСȴЩȤƵʲôţȫԼµ
з硭ͷá
ֲƵĵͲ֪˶١ҶС˵ջɳ²ֲ

ʱҶСڶʿƺƵıԭ⣬ҲֽȻЩɢȥפ֮֮ԲܳΪɣΪЩɢ޵ȻҲһϼһ𣬿ȴֻΪ򵥵ϵǲȥչ֮ġѪҺҲɢ޹ȥһյӡ㶥ǰһʱռפضѡ
˵ˣЩɢ޵Ϊ׽Щɽ֮Уʱһķ˿ǿŻЩơֻΪһʱһѣٻ̫ΪĽչǡ
ۿ͵ɢפصĻɴ⣬ԭԭɵŻǷҪڽʣ²һȥɢפء
ҶСȴֻǰ˵ǿĻɴЦһ˵أ
õ
ʵԪӤʿڣҶСԼһҲԹɢפصġմ˶ĿȴҪǵǻԭ


һ ɢ
һҶСҪڽյһս֮˽Ӹѡʿս
ڶҶСҪڽЩвСһֹ˳ʵƣĹ˳ҶСҪǿԼʵԴԴͷ
δ䣬ҶСĽ½ⶸȻһٶҲֱ֮ǰȥ
ҶСͻȻ٣ԶɽҶСͼҲһ˶٣ȥ
˽ԪӤʿЩʿѾͬһȼ˵֮䣬ҶСѾ۳һʮɵľ޽ҲʲôĶһ˽ֹǰֱӭǴһȥ
ҶСһ֮ʱԶɽҲѾϵ˱ǴҶС󡣿ķոռδʼۼҶСľ޽ն˽֮󣬱ǽƱնдȼһɫ档ǽ֮ϸɫ֣һ̫ӳճɫһ㡣һ̣ͼƶΪҶСһڴҶСһ֮ѿ顣
ڶ֮еʿ֮ȻûʲôԪӤʿȴҲһЩμӹ߽紦֮սʿǼʶԪӤʿġǾˣǼҶСһ֮ʱǱĿɿڴֻƾ˿֮һ֮㽫ƵĴ󳹵ն飬ԪӤʿҲɣǰ⿴໹ʿǵʲôΪݺʱǰʿ
ǿԪӤʿ쵼ţݺΪһЩϲ˵δؾǻ¡ȭͷռЩ֣ﻹᱻ˼ռȥ˴
Զɽȥɡסץģ
ҶСһƿ˽ץһɢȥǷɽ֮ɳĽâҶСԾԭЩԭڽֹ棬ڶһãȻ֪ɢ˵
ƿ˽Ƶͬʱ֮䣬ҶСѾƾǿʶפ֮еʿʶ̽һ顣פ֮ввĽʿѣԪӤڵɢ޹Ȼڡ˵ȵֻҪҶС֮˶ֱ׽ˣҪԶ֡οԶɽţǾ͸ûʲôΣˡ
Щפ֮еɢһʼ㱻һδӦɽͱơýƿ֮Ķݹӭͷʱ䣬ǼԼڶʿǵĹ㻮һҫĿ⣬ӭͷ£
ЩɢǶǾþս֮ˣһǲ֪ٻ֮ˡҲˣż˿ûʤս֮ʱҲơ
ʿĹѾգ۾͵ԼĪһٷĹ򣬳˸𲻿۵ķֿ˻ɱ⽴֮⣬ɢǱһʣľ
ʦݣһߴɵʿǽǻ衣
ʿսҶСҲʽȻɢռһʱפء
פ֮ҲҶСȥԸʲô˰֮ǰļƻû೤ʱ䣬һ֮ǰһģһĻɽ㱻֮󣬴κ͸²Ѿ
ˣЩʿ޸˻ɴ֮󣬻رԪӤɢƽŴһơȻǽʿʱ죬ǶԪӤʿȴҲһЩáҪסһʱõġ
⣬رӷ²ɢ֮ѡһЩģǽ档һԪӤʿ֮㲻ΪԼ˶ˡ
ûãһбѰ׵
ͬʱҶСԶɽż²ԶɽȻԪӤɢ޽ӴأǶΪȴ˽⣬ֻ֪ΪζѡҶСһοɲҪԷܶѣԪӤʿֻԼŰĽʿڶݺҲǲ֮ˡϾĶݲȵԶɽһԪӤʿģʿܹӲȡ˴ΧӦҲЩֶεġƺһЩûʲôȱ㡣˵׼ҲǸ˲š˲֮ˣҶСǲװܵǾɥԼеġ
Ҫ֪ԪӤڣɢ֮ҲǺҵ˾ʿˡɢڽʱܻᱻʲôһ׵ԪӤڣһɷ֣£ȥġ
ҶСЩԪӤɢɢ޿оǰ˽һЩʿΪصԼΪ˵ȵȡ

ԭЩɢΪսܱһͷɥģֻΪ˴òͷѡһ˵Ǹͷ족ȴǲһüɫһеĳ羴֮ԱǼҵĽ֮Уڳ˶ˣʼǻǺúõĽǵͷ죬ǵ˺ȴǷ·ͷϾҪǣҶСʶģЩǣȻǺùӳ֮࡭
ȻЩʿ˵þˣ˺ЩʧԴǡҶСȴδǣһֱȫ˵ꡣ
ǵĻﵱУҶСǸܹõ˵ΣǾ޴ĵԪӤɢ޸ӸȤ˵Ķģô˾ǲԸ齵ҶСҶСҲмԸύˡ
ȴ˵ԪӤɢƽԳΪ˵ƸŮ֣òȴҲǱȾӶҪŮӼ˶ҪòһòЩŮ˵ӣȴҪԻΪԸ˿ģǰŮǰ㣬ǸʮѪ֮ˡҲΪġˡ޵С족ȵۣЩɢһء
òӵм֮⣬ӵһͷɫĳԺ󣬸Ϊտɫġ˵տɫҶСעһ£Ϊڣһ֮ˣĻѪ֮ӡױ
ĹˮԹʵˮԹǹǿķţڱʩչ֮ȴӵԶʤŵǿơĵ⽣˺ǿ˺Ϊѵ౵ʹ˲㡣ЩʮʿǣҲֻǼʩչѣĺʹȴǴδʩչ
ֻʩչ㣬Ѿ֮аս֮оųʤˡǻһɵİܼȴҲǰܵˬ졣Щʤ֮ˣ󶼻ḶĴۡ
Щɢ޷²֮Զɽ˽⵽໥һӡ֤㷢ƺǹȻû˵ѡ
Щʿ˵ĸ£вŮʿ׷֮¡вΪһαڳ֮ʱ֪һеɵ֮ŮʶһѳֲסŮһҹȴϼ֮УŮֲԸ뿪ߣֻѡ뿪һͬΪɢޡΪŮ޵ĸ׷ɱ˰ࡣƵʵʧȥ֮ʩչ˺ĵ׷ɱ֪֮֮ǰһֱͶѣδʩչʵԸǡˣǲ֪ѶˡŮҲɢ֮УһȷǱ˳ȥ
ʵ˵Լ벻ɵĻʵ̫ˣȴ䶼֮ԱǡһڵεšһֱⶫݣҪҸ֮ءҿ˼Ҫ㳤סˡ뷨ĸԭû֪ˡ
ǸȤ֮ˡҶСѯгȥν֮ʱ֪ԭһ뿪פأ˲ļʿȥΪĲʲô¡ֻǶм羰֮δȥԱصشԼ檡ǡǰȥ۾ˡ


һ 
Ȼֻǳ棬ò˶ñҶСҲһǽƵһ߰һߵȴ
Щɢ޿е֪츳ѣȻȻԪӤΪǾݴʵ䲢󡣲ȴΪɢΪߣҲ˿óʲô𡣵ǴڵٲڵΪ˲Щ԰ȻҲȷ԰ʱġˣҲԸȴǷӲġӲָܹƾʵѹƣǽƾ辳ѹơ
ԭҶСǴ׾Ʒټ֮࣬ʹ뵽СԸԭļƻͲòıһˡ
ˣҶСŽ˶ˣմķֻ֮Լһ˵ȴĹԶɽҪҶСҲܾԶɽҲһͬȥ
һΣҶСĽһĽܡЩ⣬ǸšԼȱ֮ʣԼҪԪӤʿ֪Ҫǧܹ꣬ɹɣȷһϼ֮¡

еҶСͻȻ˫ۡ
ͨҶС֪ڻˡʶУܹõһ߸ΪڲȵŮЦЦֱҶС֮
Ϊ֮˶Щɢޣ԰˵ǲᷢʲô쳣ġֳģҲȷǷʲôģ
õǴ֮ǰʱȴֻһֹ̧ס˺λŮļ档תɫ΢䣬Цһƿ֮˽ȥ
ʮЦһֱصڴ֮Уýֱ֮ҶСһЦͣЪ
ԭҲ֪쳣ƺ֪ҶСڴ֮ˡ俴ҶСֻк棬ȴûһֵľȡ·޿Լһ㡣
ҶСϷŵĿλ֮ϡλãɾƽ֮λ
ҶСǰģһһͷ׳Ժǰһ΢ɢϸüüбϣֱ޽ǣƺҶССһЩǶʮģ֮ˡʿΪԽߣϵľԽԴòϿҲԽᣬΪԽ֮˶Ȼ츳֮ˡΪصģһ˫ȻҲտɫһˮװһĸо
ҶС񵱳ʶ֮ʱѾνװģʱ͸е˼ɻۼ뵽ڵǸͬİױǷʲôϵ֮⡣뵽ڼһˣԼ֮ʱݽӴСʦܡ
ҶСΪͺпܡͬˮϵͬ츳׿һҶСȷеĲ²⡣
ΨһҶС벻ͨģǺô
ҶС֮ǰг֮ʱǸıòġҲδıԾǰ֮˵ǺӦҲϲҶСġ
Ǻˣռҵĵ̣ҵλã
·νʵȻδͷųѹ֮࣬ɢΨҵȴ˲

ҶС񲻻شȴʵ
㵽ǺˣҲ֮챨šóҽµ꣡
ҶСֱӻشĻԸûʲôҶСѾܹܵڲϵֻΪǿԲûһ֡ȴ˿ɣֻҪһͷɱ춯صһ
ʶһкС
ҶСɲش𣬷µʵһ˵òı䣬ɢϢȴǶһ޶ıġνһҶСɢĶϢ뵱껹Ǹʮ꺢ӵĺһ޶ʻ֮ʱȻϳǺ
㣿û뵽׷һҶСĻʱһתɫ䣬֮м⼸֣֮ˮɫҫŭһɣٶԣҲٸҶС˵ĻᣬֱҶСȥ
ҶС֪Щ굽׾ЩʲôԼԭǴ٩һݡȴһ˵Լݣ˵ֱӹ˹
һ֣ҶС㿴Ľ֮омԼʹõĹ潣м֮вɲǷΪԼںǰùΣ㱻һЩ֮
һ𣬱ʹ˱˪֮һ㡣һ˲䣬֮еĸ㶼һ˪һɹɵһľ罫ЩִӲİε÷飡
Ϊᣬں֫ͱ˲串һɫļ֮¡׾ͺ֮һ㣬ԵȻƺͽǸצһĺ֡
һһֱڱϵˮɫ޽ʣһαֱҶСնȥ֮ľ޽նĹ켣֮ϱ㶼һɴ׳ĺ⿴ȥһƾճֱ֣ҶСɶȥ
һֱֺֿݣ˾ֱ֮ȡҶСʱҪҲΨǷ͵˵Ҳ޷ԼСʦܶ겻ÿдһ¡
ۿһ˪ֱԼҶСһɽҲ۳ľͷɽشִƸǿʢҶСҲ˿ȥȡɣֻƷֱ̥ӻûɽһ޶״ֱֱӭ˹ȥ
ֻǺķɽ֮۵ǼˮҶСķɽ֮۵ȴȵĻɽ֮ͬһ׾Ǳ˪ֱֱײȥ
һƲСķɽȻֻƷɽҶСЩ⡣ҿȥƺҲıɽԼǸʦҪģǲԸԼͽ̫硢̫Ľ価ƾԼΪȻԺΪҲӦӵһƷɽˡ
ȻķɽֻƷҶСıɽ˵ȫǷɽֻǸ̥ûķɽȴֻƷѡҶСȻΪɽʹܵڷɽƷ֮ϲơ
ɽ壬ʱѳһʮɴСҫĿšŲǴȻһױѿǺҶСҲòʱ˱ܿȥ
ΪҶСѾϳ˺Ҳûм𵱳Ͳú˵ĽơԸոǵһ½֣㽫Ϊƽء
ѵϢɢȥŴ䱳չı˪ͳ֮л¶һտı˪һչɶš֨֨ıĦ
ҶСҲڸոһ֮вòֻҶСȻΧһԲܷ֮¶ΣɢĹ켣֮ϻһϸСߡһԾţһһֻž졣
ҶСһʽļΪٹ֮Խơɽģֻûɽһ޶ʱ˺ǿ졣
Ϊ⽣ƣܹóԼǽҪ˲֪١ֻƾԼĹ۲ڼҶСʩչʱ㿴ȻƵȴвСࡣ
㵽Ǻˣ
һ֮󣬺δٶȹǿʵ֮Ա֮ǰһľ裬ȴ˼ֲ졣


һ 
ʱҶСҲʼɢȥԼݵһģֳ֮ıĿ
ʮݱ仯󣬿ҶСЩòȴû̫仯һ۱ϳġ
ʦ֣
ɵɴ۾Ŵ͡ϵıɻרΪ𾪣ȴ˾ϲ
ʦֵϣҶСҲδֱӻӦֻǽϲûЦվźȥ
һƬ浱У˵صĻƣֽһ
ֻзĵ׵ЦصɵϿա

Զɽ֪ڽĵȴſľսȴû뵽Ŀƺͱը֮󣬾û졣ʶһ̽ŷ˲ԡܿ죬Ҳԭ˾ʶ
ʱԶɽĴ֮£غ˵ʿҲδ½˳
ʦ֣ҵˣ
Щ˸˺Ҳ꣬˻δüɣҪˡ
λʧɢֵܣٴطꡣȥЩʿų
ҶСתͷɻԶɽ˵
Ǵˮһ˲ʶһˡ˵֮˫Ҳͱǰˡ

㲻ʦУôɢޣ˶ʤݣ
ֻ֮ҶСͱҶСҪ߳Сͷĺˡ˴ϥǶδȴ˿δ
Ҫʦˣһޱӣ˿˵ֵʵ̫ôص飬Һʦﻹܼɡʦֵ磬Ȼ˿ܾҪɵˡҺʦһֱ£Ҳ֪ʦʲôطͨ͵հޡ֮ͣ˴ԼһңڼʦҪϰĹҡֱһգ˼ͻȻ˵ԼҪ죬Ҫ뿪ʱȴ˵ˡʱʦȴ˻˵ҿʤݵĶ
ʦ˵صݣ
ãЩ֮ҶСҲˣƺʱ˳ְԼ֮º֪ƺ˻ֻǸԪӤʿԪӤڶѡɻҲڼԼǸصʦ
ҾһȲ֪ҪãôҲҪҸŵĵطȴû뵽ǡʦ֣
ԣӦҶС뿪ȺҲ˷ֱ𡣾ҲʱˡҲ˵ʮҾͿʼɢ޵ģǻòΪɢ޾Ҳ׵ԪӤڡҿЩĴԸҲԶǵǸֻ֪δµëͷСˡ
ȻЩɢ޵᲻٣ǻҶСࡣٺ뿪֮ʱѾǽΪҶС񱻶ΪҲûȻҶСʦţȴһҲδҶСҪ˵̹ҶСģӦڽ֮ǰ˵ĵɡ
ڣҶСЩ֪Ƿ̵һͷֲ˾˵Ľͽˡ

ҶСһģһһҹ
ڶգҶСɵʿԻصԼ֮СɳʿǺԼԼŮ檺µһɢֱɷȥ
ʵԤϡ
ҶСû뵽ԼڶټҲ֪ʱͻ
Ҳδ뵽ʦҪԼݵȻΪʦ
ҶСͺ׵ǣΪǰ˵ֱҪҶСͺˡ
Ѿ̫ţһСɻʵ̫΢ˡ
ڣҲ֪ԭɾҶСֵµġȻݶѾԼʦˡȻⶫݲʲôطٷչȥҲһˡԭǰϿյĴƣǱԼʦġЩһεһ߳Ŷݵķ
ⴳ˶꣬Ҳѿʮ͸֮ԲϼκһɣһҪѰʦһ͸едż˹Ķǣɢʹ졣ҪʲôֱӾҪԼģ˼Ҿܡ
籾ǿʳֻҪ̫֣̫Υһǲ˶µġһЩᣬȻ߾֮ȻЩ̫֮֮һ˳ǻܵ׷ɱġ
ԭҶС˵ҪúֱӼ뵽ڣҲһϵְλĵ׻Ը⡣ȻְλͣɢҲȥЩʲôµġֱҶС˵֮Ȼɲ֮ͬ΢Щǡ
ҶСúǲ̫Ըģ˵һãֻṩһŴˡܺùռ˼ҵҪá
ҶСָ˺һö裬ŷ˿ǵĳɷȥ
ȻҶСһЩûиҶΪãصʱĺô֮󣬾ǲҲˡһɢ˵õѵ֮

ҶС˻֮ǰѾͨ˿ˣҶСһͬԭ˿˶Ϊһε֮ҪҶСҪȵ֮ˣȴû뵽ôۡ
ڼ֮ҶС˵˾аľ֮ʱԶԶļǰмݹ⳯Ƿ˿ڵȲرӭˡ
ӭӵ˲ֻ࣬˿ױ͸ذޱ
ҶСԶһˣ˶Ǿȡױϵú˿ذޱȴϵġ
ذޱ˿ҲǹˡֻǸʮĺӣȴѾǴһɢĴɢˡˣ׼ΪпһϺ̫ذޱҲ̲ס¶˼־ȡ
˵ǺҲһַ·εĸо˭뵽ʮ꣬ڿԽǧɽˮãã߼ʵĴ֮ڲͬʱ͵ص㣬
꼸һͬѰʥ̥ʱһĻĻ񻹼¡

һصУҶСͰױ֮󣬺࿴˼۰ױױҲһ㣬ͬɫ
֮˳֮ˡڵҹȻϺ⡣±ӴԺҶСŲˡ
ѾȷЩŮȻҲǲߵġЩɢҲһȻ֮ǰǲʲôɵģڳԹҿ֮Ч㶼뿪Ҫ뵽֮ˡ
ȻǸЩʿڼ뵽ںҪҲҪɵʿһﵽضҪܹеġ
һҶСɱһ츳ԪӤʿԭڶݵߴ֮нһԪӤʿȴ֮ࡣĽʿǶ˵ͬһȻɢ޶ⴳˣҪǳӦҪһʱĥϵġ
ҶС˵ȻǳӭӵǼˡ˿ױ˵ϲöԱģذޱȻûʲôرʾҲӭӣҲҶСҲǺںġ


һ 
һʱ䣬βһҶСߣĸ첲ҶСߵ͸ʵֹ˿ͰױҲֻмٵʱŻȥһЩԼ顣ذޱҲǸƵʵʱ֣ҶСһܳĸоȻذޱеɲȻԶɽɹ˲٣͵ذޱ
ĸŮ˵ո棬ú˽̾ҶСŮԵеһˡ
ҶСȻ˿һҹ꣬Ǻȴʼδߵһ⵹ҶСʲô뷨ȴΪϣȵһԼܹ֮󣬲ȥһ֡ƺЩҲУֻҪҶСһ㹻
ڵһаٺԺҶС׼ٴγСڶȻѾͳƣ֮ͼ統ȻһȫֵһСɶѡԪӤʿҲôȷǿϱߵĳ̶ȡɻҪ൱һʱȥչ׳󣬶ҶСҪõһƷǺܾԺ顣
ԣҶС˴뿪ɣһΪѰҶԨ٣ܷȻأҲҪȥһᣬܷʲôԵ֮࣬ΪԼٶṩʲô٣ҶСϵ࣬бҪһЩһЩĵطȥЩȫɸ಻ͬҩܹƳ㹻ĵҩ
⣬ҶСҲһΪֹѾδʹùЩҶСѾٶӵһЩµֻǻδʹùˡ
ΪҶСĽ׵ԪӤڣϸܴ֮ҩѾﵽͬʱǧЧǰʱ֮綼Ѿ죬ҶСһֱֲƷҩ뿪֮ʱѾ˼ЩҩȻ׸ڣڸɵķչڵʦ٣ҩֳ㣬õһʱڶȱٵҩĸˡټҵĸãڵʿΪͻͽš
ҶСһΰۻڣԼһЩӰ죬νѪȻۻһԭ˿˲ôۻţǵΪҲġ
һΣҶС֮нͣ˼죬ٶ·Ȼ֮ʱظһεϧ
֮ʱҶСҲһЩ⡣ǲ֪ʱʼѾͰױʮˡڸ֮ʱױҲһֱվںߵģǼʱѣǿ˵̬ȴ·һ㡣
ֻǣױҶСʱǰ㲻֪̬δı䡣

ݾǻġҶСֺγһЩȻЩǲҵġڿһжڳźõķչţһͻȻһڵʿٵ˶ݣֶҶСеĻô㶼ữСû㹻ǿֻ
ЩԲȥ룬Щȴʵʵڴŵġȥ벻ȥ룬ԶСЩ˺ۣԶ޷Ȭģʱʱһ¡
ҶСͷһˡڣһѲٴڡȴһˣѾͷá
ʦϣҲͬһסϪԺСֻǲ֪ǷǱҶС޴̫֮ãΪʱ̫ܵأҶС֮ʱѾǻңһڵķӡȻĳģ㣬ֽ䰲ϪԺСҶСÿÿ·ϪԺ֮ʱÿÿ뵽Լαңһɱȵȱʼٸ֮ʱͷӿһɺ⡣
£ҶСĿ⽥Ӹո뿪֮ʱٶȱĮͼ㡣
ҪĵطǶı߽֮
ħս֮Ѿ֪Լ˭ǱǸ弫ģһΪڤ總ռ֮еǿħ塣ҶСŹħڤ֮СҶСҲǰѴ֮̽еطŴڤڡ
ҶСҪȥ֮һΪĵططԹһֱˡ˼֮ΪԭʢһֽʯĿпʯкܶôǡǡڱ߽紦˱ʱз⹴Ҳʱڵʱ뵽ÿÿ䵽һߣһƴĲɼʯɼ֮£⹴ʯڱɼȻʯɴڣѾܵͣ˵صȻһֱδͣЪѾǰࡣ
ʵֻһЩܵࡣΪҲ侳ĻֻֻͬһֱԪӤڶǰһʮֻ֣е˷Ժ󣬲Żʹȫͬľ绮֮ˡ
սǿһѾӵǽߵΪǺΪȷǱϲ֪١Ȼ嶼Ҫͷʼȴʤٶ˵죬ԲһֱռΪѵءȻҲռŲٵĽȴЩɽˮ彮ԶԶȲ˵ġҲռݵʵûʲôͼһֱŶδϧ۵ĸһġ
ʵǡǡΪΪٶȼڲŻΪһ̫ضδȬġǸͬΪʿͬصˣиʱѾȫָˡ

ʵʮǰһԹģϴħս֮Ѿ˹ڰ˼ʮ֮ڱ߽紦˱ǹ˻ȥ
˵һε塢ħսҶСжɻΪҶСֱӻӽӴһЩħĸ߲ʿԶħǿʵҲЩԼֱ۸ܡһεս֮Уȴܻһ嵽ħȴĸоȻҲзģСսȴħĸ߽ʿսĽȻȫʤ
һεս⿴ȥͺħĲɧ֮£̵òͷһ㽫ħı˲֪ļƻ׻ˡ
ҶСƺһжô򵥡ģǸоħ֮һֱʲôȻָоֻ˵һЩоΪ壬սıҲ޷սӰġҲֻϣָоֻǸ
Ȼ˵ؾ빴ľ벻ҶСȴδֻƷٶڵĶʵ̫һЩһûдƽ˿ҪȥҲһЩ
ֻжݷҶСԼҲʮյʱŵı߽֮ΪڶĽ֮ԲûڶߴɵʿҶС񵽴֮˼ڴ˵פõĽʿͳ˼öƷҩõԼҪ鱨
ҶСҵļʿʿǶڹ൱ϤġҶСǼʿֱƵĹͼ໥һգһЩϸ΢֮ûʲô죬֪Ӧòд˶ݹ⣬ֱӿԽ˱߽磬ѾĹ


һ һֶ
Ϊ帹أ侫ʵ޼ΨһĲû˶Զ룬һ޴ĿӡӸ߿ϳ¸ӣӵĵһ洯ĸоϴ˵ʱΪʿսս䱻ٻþ͸ˡ
ҶСڸ߿շţʶȴ·ļķΧҶСһ·Уһ·Ѱſͨڤͨ·ʵﴦʱս֮أͨħͨڵĿܲô̫ġҶСȴҪһ£Ȼͱ뵽徳ȥѰˡֻǹ·ѣȴǳ̫ĳͻ鷳˵·¡ԾǴʱѾ·½֣ȴδһֻ֣·ѡ
⹴Ȼ巢˲٣ҶСû̫ǿܹġһ·Ȼڽڤͨûʲô֣Ҳûʲô鷳

֪Ǻ¶ĥҶСִŸжϲԡҶС񼸺򣬵ͼпܻд֮ͨ߱飬Ҫתͷ֮ʱȻҶСһͨڤͨ
ʱҶС·һ޴ӡӸ߿£Ǿ޴ĳοӾͺǴرþ޸ֲβѺۡ
⿴ȥƺֻһ޴ӶѣҶСʶȴܵ޴Ŀ͸Ũħ
ģħпܾднڤڴ
ҶС֮Բδֱӷȥһֱ֮Уǳħ֮⣬·ʮǿϢܹܵǿϢѾǰ˼ϵĴڡΪ˼ޱѾ׵ӵӤ൱ԪӤΪӵ˳塣
֮һֱͣ棬ҶСоϢʶ·֮еĿռ䲢淢˵ؾнڤͨҲᱻǵսȥһֱΪľҪսս档ңҶСոͷŵʶûм˿ΣϢӦѾҶС
ȻҶСʶոöԷ֣Ŀ󶴵ط֮б̷ɳǿĶݹ⡣Ͼ岻ͬΪʮǿͷųⲻʲôɫģжЩԵò԰ס
ÿ˳֮ʱŷ濴ȥѾûʲôʿʿ֮Уһʿͷ¹һǣһֱ쵽˱󣬺ǱһǼһ㣻һʿ¶Ƥ϶ɫβĺڻɫë֮¡
ǻǺܲȫ֪Ӧþǰ˼޵ľ硣ǵ˾ż޵ȼǵ֮Ĳǲ֮ġʮˮƽҲǴﵽԪӤڣôӦþͿȫûκβˡΪ֮ӵмǿ츳Լʲô壬ŬĳŻεľһܹΣҲԽӽҲ˺ܶࡣ
ȻʮǿϹŻȴǻûлġ
һƺҲǹƽġǿ˺д֮һȹ׶Σȴǿˮһ㡣
һҶС񣬱㿴ʿݡ塢˫ж꣬Լ֮мʿػҪ֮ﻹݵӵ
ʵ޵뷨ԷΪͬǶһҶСӦһǱתͷܵġ
ʵȴҪʧģΪҶСǵδܣһǷ˳һ޽ǳ˹
ҶС徳ڣκӡһ뿪˿󶴣˱ɽ̤жݷֱ˼޹ȥ
ʱҶСжݷѾ˵Ĳ㣬ٶȵǵԪӤܹﵽЧµĶݹ㱣·ҶСҲ֮һ㣬ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ҶС㼸ķɽһͬ
Ʒ̥ʱǻûҶСõõ廢ϻ꽣ģŻХ֮һʮɳĳֱͷ¹ǵնȥһ˲սһš
ɽͬʱҶСԼҲѾһ޵ǰҶСжݷĶټ죬ǻëôҲδ뵽ڷɽһ޵ͬʱҶСıҲѾޱϾҲǰ˼ޣҶСĹͣȴܹӦԡ
ʿǵ˰˼ſʼܹʹǰƾȥսһҶСһȻҲƾԿвЩ죬֮ľǷĵ
ԪӤսƼ󣬻սһ󣬾֮гƺ֮⡣սɲ˺ܹ㷶Χĵ֮ϡҶСĹܿȥĿ󶴣ػȻҲӲȥԼĹ𻵿ˡ
ҶСƾ޻սһ֮󣬺Ľ¶ݹһ˺Զת˫һҶСһ˫ֱϱ߲СƣҶСڽ֮ʱǿ࣬С·Ҳ࣬øӴ׳ҶСֱۻҪ֡ҶСֱϣͷҶСȭͷ̽ʱ档
޴δҶС޻ʹɫĻ棬ĵȴδ̫ӡϾ֮еɫǶֶֹɫСһҶСɫɫЩǳӲˡ
ҶС˿ȥҲ֪ǼʲôֻԺҲȼٺɫĻ档ǻ治Χʿƣǻ֮Уܹóڻ֮кһֻצһ㡣
ҶСٶȹŲ֪ɻûĻצצĻűֱҶС˹
޼˷ǶڸոյĻսһֲֻЩͷˡҶСҲδȥͷų֮ĵֵһȻӰ֣֮ӰˣʲôӰʮĿܶѡ
֮ҶСȻδ̫ʱȥ֮ԼΪڿ֮ҲȻߡ֮ǰԶɽһսΪ˼̫࣬Զɽж֮ԴһսſνҶСԪӤ֮սǡÿֽ񾭹Щ֮ԼĿ֮ĽǷҲڽս֮Щʲôá
ҶСʶǿٲٿ߿Լսû˿Ӱ졣
ʯ˿һŻһ𡣲ոսӴ£ڻ֮кͱ֮УҶСһֻרעڷص˿סŻ档ʹʯͦìֱ޹ȥԼҲ֮
Ȼʯ˿߿ЩвδҶСǿԭĵıʯ˿ǽʹõĿǷԪӤѾ޷ֵԪӤʿĹȷǶˡƵĿܵȷͬһ㣬ڿ˿Լֵ˼޵ķû̫ġ
ҶСһΣٶʿԣʯһͬʿлȥ˼л֮£Ƭޱֲ֧סļʯĹСҶСĹ֮ж̺ķ֮ǿھ޵סҶСȴסļɡ
ëԼһֲ֧ס㼱æһͷ¹ǵʿԮ


һ аһ
ҶСıɽֽ񲻹ƷѣרעԼսֻԷɽסһƬ̶ѡԲδע̫
¹һͬҪֲ֧סȫԸԭǰֻһҲ֪ʲô۵ĺɫֵŷɽ֮һ˲ֻΪ֮ࡣ͹ҶСų׳βķɽֳһֱҶСı
һ޾Ȼ񹥻ԼҶСһֱż㷶Χ̽Ƿ߽ʶȻʵһ֣ǵķΧҲСһ֮֡ҶСʶ۳ӰɽҶСѾնӰɽһֱ¹նȥǴһֱҶСԼһѾҪֵޡ
ǶʶĲٿػʿҶСնһʩչʿȻ̱նֱɱȴҲ˸ֲǽպϵʶͺһֱһͷ޿һ㣬նİӰɽÿÿһΣǵʶܵһش
ΪնĽ룬޶ʱѹ¹ҲϾ˼ͬ飬ոշֻڹƬֻ֮ع鵽ֻһ
ԽԽĺΪȻ濴ȥǰʿԼͬףһʼֳʵҲ̫ǿԼĹϼǿʿҲڲϵšִյʮ֮ãǡǡѹԼҪ֪ʿͬʱԿ˵ġܹﵽ˾ģֻսԶԶԼʱܹﵽĳ̶ȡ
ҶСϰ߱ʵʱĴڵһʿ̨֮ϱȶ֮ʱ˵ϰߡÿÿʵ֮ĵһս֮УúõĽԼոδԹʵս֮еʵսһ顣ϾĶʵأһս֮жһ顣
һáǵ˺ͻõһһֱԷѹţ·ԼԵһ޷Ĵɽһ㡣ֻΪԼޣûпѡ
ΪһֱѹţŻһһֱ޷ʹĸоҲоƽﶼԼͨ󣬿ǴʱŷԼһֱţ޴ʩչҲ޷ʩչһ㡣
ڣʿҶС񲢷ǿȥô򵥡޷սʤģһֱȥǧĳɾͣпܻһ
˼ģһֱҶСѹƵݵŻҰëޡ
֮һ޵ĹƱ뿪ΪѾѸ˼Ѱѳȥ
ܿ죬һͷ¹ǵʿҲʼͷ
ΪԷҪǳߣҪ뽫Էסô̫׵顣ҶС徳ڣĶԶȶԷҪ죬Ҳ̫׷ϵġ˭֪᲻ỹʲô߽ޡ
ˣҶСǲԷһߵĻġһ˶ԷֳҶСĹٶһ֡
ΪĻи߽ʿҶСʶһֱɢںܹķΧԴﵽһ쳣ԼʱüӦ
ʿֱ˱ܣƹ֮ʱҶСȻʶ֮̽⵽˼ǿϢ֪ͨ籨ţĸ߽޷սֱ
˶ĸ߽һ룬ҶСҲ᲻ôô򷢡±㲻ӣһͽս˺һѾ޶־޽
ҶСʹ֮£ķǶ˾ȻԽԽˡһȻʮԸģ䵥սԶ˺һ໥ЧáһᣬǱҲĳͬһ򻺻š
ҶС񱾾Ǿ۵һ𣬿Ȼ
޸ով۵һ𣬱ΪսٻЩת֮ʱȴȻ֮ͻȻĽӰЩӰһֱ㽫Χס
ת˲֮䣬˱㱻ŽӰ׷˳·ǵܣǺ죬ʱҪɵһķɽǿֲģķɽ²ǧҲ˵Ҳ·ھһ϶ľ󶼱յġ
ҶСֱӼ˻齣޻δҵ˿ĳ·֮ʱ㽫Χ
Զɽڽмǰ֮ãסԭҶСһֱ֣ԶɽҲûɱģҲûСΪһԪԶɽͳԼֱۣҶСҪģôˡΪƣԪɽڽмõʱ䡣ȥԿ˽һ㣬ʵȴǲȻҶСǿʵĻ齣ԶѰܱ⡣֮ͬУӵоԵѹġ
Ǽһһ𣬻һɹɵĽƷŽȫ˽ȥ
ҶСջʯ˿ֻרעڲٿŽͬʱҶСһһֻƽǰָ΢֮֮ϿʼһĴʱͺָ΢΢֮䣬ֻһָ֮ϣָضĹɶЩһƵͬ˿һ㿪ʼҶС֮С
齣ʱеøӿǽ֮е޵ҲԽȥʶУǶ˵ϢҲԽԽ
޵ϢԽҶС֮еҲԽʵСҲҶСԽ޳׽ɱͬʱʩչ˵ΪΪͲһܹʱֱյѾҶСգղľֱӱ͵ϸ֮д
˼۵֮ߣЩ㹻ҶСһˡҶС񵱳ۻڣпǵԼӵĻ̫֮¡ۻԼɵô࣬ЧĵطԼרעתѾ㹻ˡ
ʱѾ뵱ȫһȫͬĲΡֻܹʶ֮ΪϡѣҲ˲ҶСǿռƬ֮ҲܹΪ׵˽ڡһ׶ΣҶСﵽܹʶܹ֮֮໥תֽ׶ΣҶСȴѾܹƾֱӽ廹ʿֱΪԼաȻӦҲǿյģֻʿҶСδ
ȻǷѰɿȻǴ治ˡҪ֪֮оһһֱıΪаɵʿǳΪԼķΪġҶСǸй֮޲ӵֱӡ
ʿȥ޷֮£֪˻ӷҶС뵽а֮мַ֮ҶСȷ
ҶСûֻΪΪȥɱһ޸ϵ֮ˣսΪԭǱɱ֮ˣǰ۶Ϊװ׷ϵĸã
ʵ֮бǿʳ˵ɣЩʿֺγһѹեЩʵǶִôʿģ񵱳ҶСֳ֮ϵĲŻ㱻ϪУֺγյǿҶСΪƵҩ


һ ʶ
ҲǰԼ̫߹󣬶֮ͬеǡʿֺγΪЩƵҩҪ޵ɱ᣿
ʲôʽΡʵ䶼ɽͬĶûƶ񣬽ʹ֮˵һ֮䡣аʩչĹȵȣֻںһѡ
˵ĵҩƣͬԾȶˣ˵þȺΪ֮ҩ˶¡ɱ˵ķɽǶ񣬵ɱ˶ˣǶ޷ȥɱ֮¡

ҶС֮ϵһֱڿٵļšȻҶС޸ָ֮Ƶ˿Ȼһ˲űڽ֮ҲΪĹԡ֮ٶȱֱһ㡣
Ƭʱ䣬ҶСĻ齣֮бûһ˿Ϣǿİ˼ޣڱҶСʼյѹ֮ȫûлᷢӳԼȫ֮±㱻ɱɾӤҲδӳױҶСɱ⣬޵׶Ѿ׽ɱҪӤӳȻδܹɹӤҲһɱɾˡ
ջ˽Ľ˲֮ɢɾ齣ɢȥ֮ǽոո֮һϻɫӳ·Щ̳ڽ֮޵ķҲһʳϸۡ
һһ̳ɢȥһۼ
ʱԶ߽ѾԽԽҶСͣ¶ݹһΣڿӵڴӵ֮ԭвٵͽδε޹սģڷ˼ĸ߽ԽĶ֮󣬱綼˿ȥֻһЩûʲôǺͼ𲻿ڿ֮С
Щͽ޶ҶСû˿Ӱ죬ҲȥٹǡһǵЩ޶ʲôδ㷢ԼԺƱһ󼲷ιոջڶڵʧˡٿԼϣ֪ʱ˺ܶǱСƬĿӣɫѪҺ

ת˲֮䣬ҶСѾ˿󶴴濴ȥ󣬵ȴķ֧Щÿһ֧Ӷر󡣲ҶСڵΪͶԼٶȷҲ˿ްġҶСʶܸǵķΧ㣬Ҫȥ̽ԹһĿ֮·
û谭֮󣬾ĵصԹ֮УҶС񲻶ϵšһ֮Ϊ֮ǰƺĶѨǽ֮ûжԶһͷųİӨ׹ԵĿʯ
ҶСĲ룬ԽĿĵأҲʼܹܵ˿˿ħ͸
ʱҶСıһһĸҵľ޴ӰĶ˵ǾӣΪڵľʮֹ⻬еӳճӰħǴ÷ھ޴ĺ澵Χһ黳С״ɫʯɢġ
ҶСȻδҲ֪ⶫħ֮ңھԱߣϻմȾźɫճʵħվڵȴʲôȴû뵽ͻȻһ崳˹±ֱҶСȥ
ʱҶСȻǾ֮һħڴǾѳڹ⻬ľϣͻȻһ͹͹֮ʼ󣬺һճĺɫ֮вţҪƿǾ߳
ħ˲ۣҶСδȴȿʼҶСһնɱΡ
Ȼ˺һ֮Ǿ߳ĶѾƿһӣ˳
ħһľٶȻָ
ħﲻǸħħһֱͷԵ̬ĴţѰͬ顣ȴ֪ǰڴ˵ضδüߵħ嶼ѾҶСɱ
ܿ죬Աߵĵ֮Ͽ֮ͬ֫ħ˹ЩħһηͬҲͬشһұۣ˻ųҶС
һҶСȴǲδֱԷɽնʶһڵķһ㣬һ֣һ߱㳯ħ˹ȥ
һֱӴ뵽ħУ֮ħ㻹δ嵽ҶСǰ·˹ȥֱ̱ڵءΪǰĳС˼ͷǡùҶСĽűߡ
ħҶСδɱŻЩô
һ̧ĳſָ΢֮һǡýħǡһŴͷҶСĵУӶ
ţͼҶСָ֮ϲкƣǡŨʶ֮֮
ҶСʩչģǳʶ֮ԭһ㶼ǷʿʹãҶСȴΪ񹦷ոյԪӤھѾܹǿʹá˵ǿʩչ֮ʱڱԼΪһʿʹãƷʿʹõôǿ
ʶǳʶ֮⡣ʶ֮ͨĪܣ鿴һ˵ļ䣬˵һ˵ļѰԼõĶҶСʩչʵܹʩչҪʶܹӵо˶Էļ䣬ҲᱻӰ쵽Լʶ˿ʿΪԪɷֻǧԷļ䱻֮ԼȥֻһԪѡȻȻıûơҶСȴǲܣļֻʱԼļ䵱УԾҪԼʶǿԷŲԼӰ졣
ħȻΪߣֻħ硣ǴѶϢȴѾ㹻ҶСʹˡƬ֮֮ǰھӺħ˿֪ҶСѾħĴһˡ
ʶиܵЩѾԽԽˣҶСɢȥ˳ʶ֮תֱָ󷽵ĶѨϷնȥʱһɳâȻ֣Ȼһ㽫ǱͲ̫ΪĶѨñ˲ʱ䣬ѨΪһӰǱҶСһ㿪ʼɢȥĶѨһķҶСͷҲʼۿоʯҪµӡҶСһӰ죬ѨȻʼ
ҶСڶѨȻҲ⡣ͷľʯҪδ֮ʣȻһֱǺ澵Ĵȥ
һ˾浱УҶСܹܵΧһճ֮úܽԸһ㡣ȻСɶҶС˵ȴʲô⣬ֻһƿ˾֮ǹһճ֮ʵʮֲˬ
󷽵ԽԽҶСθոճھ֮к󣬼ʯ½Ӷҳ˷顣ǾҲһ̲ص׺һ֮أ󶼱ʯ
Щ޶Ż˴֮ʱҶСѾӰһҲ׻ٻЩ˿ǲģۿѾûټȥ֮ʱ̫鷳ŶѨδȫ֮ʸϽ뿪ˡ

ҶСħļ䵱е֪ҪͨӦûܵʮʹ࣬·˺ÿҪһĸоʶҲҪܵСĳȴȫûʲôʵĸоҪ֪ʩչǳʶ֮֮ʱܹĸָܵĸоħʹġҶСȴ֪ΪԼ˿ûֲĸܣֻһ׽뵽Ǿ浱бǵһ޵Ŀռ֮УΧֻ޶ѣҲһӦòٶȳǰš


һ ̤ڤ
ΪûвҶСԼҲ֪ٶȵǿ컹νǰ֮УķֵһԲδš
Ҳ֪ǹ˶ãҶСڿһԲΣԶԶȥ·һһġšǰȥɢӨ׵Ĺâһ˲ŷԲεġšҲڣǰǸɫһ޶
ҶС֪ͨűħˡ㲻ٳɣֱӳг˹ȥ
ٶȾ˵еָ֮ҶСһء
ҶСǰģһƬ·ķ˵һ㡣ֻһƬ谵֮һֻܹɢҰâĲ֪̫Ķںڵģڷ·һĴ֮ϣҲһЩι״ĹһشصҰݡ
ռ֮Уɢһ˲ôζ
ҶСû̫ʱȥ飬Ϊǰǻħ͹йǵҶСҲ󲻵ģΪǰѾѰһħļ䣬ڼҲûʲôȵġ
ΪﱾͲʲôħ򡣶һӦóΪĵط
Щħδ뵽ͻȻ⴫ŵгһʿһ𾪵Ǻܿʶ˲ת˲йƮƮ׼룬ЩħҲ൱ʿΪΪǲûʵ壬Էٶȿνʮ֮ġʣµģս׼ۿҪҶС˹ȥ
δĹټˡ
ҲҶС̫ĶȻɢ콣âÿһâʱҶСͺһ֮һȻʢЩâһͣų쳤βٷ˳ȥ⽣âħһɱ˿ûеֵ
⣬ʶжڹΪЧնȻҲҶС۳Ӱɽʱոһ㣬նɱЩȻһܿĹҲҶСһ֮һ̣һСɢ˿ȥ
նɱЩħ֮ҶС֮Ҳһʶ֮ΪΨһšǸոջɱͬʱʩչ
ҶСʩչѾƵǰ㣬۵ʶ֮Զȵʵ˶ħֻôһСŵһ̣㱻ҶСֱڡ
ֻҶСһʿˣһɱħ֮ҶС¶ݹһֱ֣Զ˳ȥ
֮еΪе壬ҶСҲǱвǡոջɱôħһЩע⣬Ա뼰ʱ뿪ǡ

ҶСһħļ䵱Ȼ֪ʵνڤʵӦһĽһЩѡǸνħҪڤܹ֮ﵽ
ҶСȻԭǸ򣬵ȴѾױħշˡħļ䵱УӦǱһħĸ߽ʿͳšΪħļʵ̫һЩҲ֪ħĸ߽ʿǸΪħ֮ˣҲδһˡ
ħ൱ķڵΪ硣ĳƺ֪ƹڤӦǸħħˡ
ΪҶСʩչʶ֮ħǸոմħ˵أԶһ컹˽⡣Ҳ֪ŶѡЩҶСֻҪͨ˵صħ֮˵ȴѾ㹻ˡ٣Ѿ֪Ҫʲôǰ;֮ϻЩʲôϰ
ԭڤʵҲһĸռ䡣ǰҴһԽϴħ֮еħǷռ䣬ҴͨһڡһĹʱǶħʮִֵģ˲ٵħĽפ֮󣬹Ե̫СһЩòħ֮²ŵԴԣȻɵԱȴòħͳ֮ˡ
ʵħռڤֻǳһű뷨Ǵǽפ֮󣬾Ȼһǳ֮о֮ڴ˵һ֮ͬͨ󣬱㿪ʼ˸ֶ統бѹΪǿȻˡٽһǿʼ֮ħ壬Ҳ£һЩħ֮С
Щ֮Ѿ֪˶ٶħʿбֶǱɱģҲδֵġ
ڤһռһĿռ䣬ҶСλʯΪȪ·֮
Ȫ·ǰһΪڤǵĵطһǳڤ֮ΪӴһǳأħ֮಻֪פж١ħ㶼ʱפġ
ڤ֮󣬱ǧڤｫҶСΪ֮ͨڤ䱻ΪǺʵһԼǧֱӽڤ뿪ĴӶѡȴһԣûһܹԾùȥڤ֮еĺˮǱǦˮҪҺ壬ӵһصһƬëƮϷҲᱻ뺣ˮ֮УС
ǧڤȴ޷ͨϷ֪ʲôԭγͨǧڤһڤ֮·ǧĸڤ֮·ϣһһָħ޵ǰȵ˺ԼֻصһǷħһָסŴ˵صͳ֮ɭ޵
ɭ޵ĺ󷽣ͨħĴ֮šҶСҪħȥħΨͨĴ֮Ųܹﵽ
⻹δħ򣬱Ѿ鷳СˡȻǰ·ȥƺʮּգ˵Ϊǧ֮ʼ£Ȼ·;ңԶһܹ
·;ԶաΣ֮δⲻ̲ŶҶС˵ǴѵĻᡣ
ǼҶСҲͳɱħ塢塣ҪҶСɵǶҶС˵ֺγǴ֮ҶСֻҪܹڴ˵شȥ൱ڱؽĴ֮ûֱܹӹʹõȴҲûҶС֮еٶȸ϶١
Ȫ·ʵȴ֪м֮ңǡǡֻȪ·Ȫ·֮ϲܹĴšǾڤԽԶĵطǴͱԽ׳ɹ
ҶСһ֮󣬱Ȫ·֮νġȪõⲻ֪ǰмĿȪ·룬һԼҵһɺƻ̾ͳһͨ·Ȫ·һֱǰ߼ʡ
Ȫ·ʵָľһ֪γɵһӸ߿տȥһɫȪˮһڵʯҶСʶ̽ȥᷢȪʵֹ֮չֳôѣʼ˲֪Զ
ҶС˸ûħʱǱ뵽Ȫ֮ϸ̽һǿνȪĻ񵽵кáֶէһȥ֮䲻˵ǵɼҲ㲻Ļм񡣵ڲṹȴŲͬãǼȻǴ͵֮еĴֻȪܹãҲЩʲôرõġ
ԭҶС¼ȪʯͷպȥоȴӲޱȣķɽֱûҲ޷亳ҶСȥ˾ţ֮֮󣬻ӲŪ˼ĩ
ҶСδ뵽谵֮УŶҶСδӰ޴


 Ȫ
ҶСһڤ֮УĿĽҪѰҶԨѣȻܹȻáȴδ뵽һȴһӰ޴
ҶСõģΪ͹ٶͬҪģԻõضõһЩµ
ҶСļƻֻǾͨڤٽ뵽ħСԼļƻѣķչΣ˭޷ԤϵõġҶС˾ػ֮ʱɻڴеྭܵôֵĲʵ
ûص֮ǸҶСҲǽյҶСˣ

ҶСΣʶʮǿԺܳһ·֮ϼûʲô⡣
·ȴԽԽľΪŻȪн;֮УҶС񿴵֮ڽ֮лѾʼʹˡÿϲԶľ룬һ֮šԽǰЩһɫһĴ֮žԽܼ
ڵ֮ϵģһȺȺħǹȻ֪Ϊιûһ뵽Ǵ֮ŵУЩħﶼȥ磬ôΣˡ
һεʤҶСлɣ֮е֮и˽һδսನδƽ˷Ҫǳ飬ôзһȴ֪ħ嵱Ҳ֪ǳʲôĿģڵıܵӡ
֮⣬ҶС񻹿һһӵħ͹ԼķšߵĴ֮Ѿõ̫ܼòȥԶĵطܹµĴ
ܼĴħޡޣи߽ʿĳ֣˿˲һҶСΪζòΣ˶ٲŲڱ֡

Լ֮󣬸߽ʿʼԽԽǿҲʼԽԽĿԷеħޡȻƮƮеģΪԵ֮ʱȴǲܹɵ̫ߵġħ͸ǲħʿ޷еģڵϵнٶȿѡ
֮зŵħ޺͹һҶСûôȫˡֻҪһע⣬ᱻ˷֡ϾһԪӤڵ֮УϢǺױֵġ
νʲôʲôȻҶС֮жδٱ֮һûӹ˷ֵ
ʵҶСǰѾ˷ֹΣֻǼζǵһħ޻ǹ޶ѡ֮˲佫ɱԲδ̫˵ע⡣һΣҶСĲֻôһħ޻ǹˡͬħʿȹڣʮ֮ࡣ
νȹǱȹһĹڡһ쵱еĹȻ٣ƽʵȴҪħࡣѾħͬףﵽԪӤʿͬΪĹǲġһ֮Уȹȴ֮ࡣ
һʮ֮УȻȥħʿȹΪмȴҲиߵֵ֮ġħȹҲųС֡
ҶСȥһ֮ħʿںȹн׾ٸһǵȷҶСģǷڶеһȹ
˶ĸ߽׶٣ҶСһֱ׼жݷžٶȼȹȫʩΪ֮Ҳٶȡ
ǾҶСҪݱ֮ʱȴһȤ顣ʮħʿȹڷ֮ĵһӦȥ׷ɱҶС񣬶Ƿ׷ʶĻס˷ڶееȹǿҶСΪ֮󣬲ŷɳħʿҶСΧ
ǸղûҶС񿴵һĻҶСתͷˡôħܹùҲһʱɱɾο滹ħʿȹҲôöԸڿһΪѾﵽڵȹȴǻ룬˵ȹʮҪʲôǺҪĶ
ۿħʿԼΧҶСûɵ⽫ԼΧסġ
½һ֣ҶС㳯ź󷽷˳ȥΪδʩչжݷٶҲ졣Ҳһֱǡòħʿ̫룬ֲᱻٶȡ
ЩħʿȻͬΪȴҲΪڶľͨѰٵٶСûãħʿֱҶСΧĶλǰβ룬ٶȲͬһͶ飬ҶСĺ棬׷ҶС
һᣬǺħʿ֮ľԽԽҶСһֱֻֻżŽ⼲ɣһλͷҲй˿ȥЩħʿΪҶСˣֻƴ·һ׷׽һʿǼϡ飬˭ԸŹᡣ
ҶСһȻδͷǺħʿ׷ٵȴʶ￴һ
֮ͻȻ¶һĨЦݣҶСĽ½㶸Ȼһ䣬һƬһĶݹ⡣
ҶСʩչжݷ
жݷʩչ֮ҶСͻȻͣҲδͣһ£ֱӵתЩ׷ħʿȥ
жݷٶȺ֮죬ЩͻȻҶСطͷƴ׷ҶСĳħʿӭȥɲ֮䣬ҶСǾħʿӭ
ͻȻطһ˲䣬ҶСϵҲһ⻷ƣ̫ŨһųװҶСƤһֳǡܱҶСҲ˾ϵıʶУҶСҲ߸ħʿֻҪһʶʱʩչ
þ㹻ˣҶСıȻֳһ޽Ӱ֮Ʒ̥Ʒɽڷ˳ҶСıɽƷɽûн飬ҲӦ֮ͨƷ׵ҶСĲѪ֮⣬Ҫ侭սĥıԵѪϴ֮ƷһҲһѿֱƷ״ﵽһ̶ȺɽҲܹͨ龳硣ͨ龳ķɽ鱦һǽפô顢ֱӽͨʹʵڳһ֮ʱһء
ҶСһʼܣʵֻΪħʿ룬ʹһһƶѡҪ֪ħʿΧ֮ҪȫɱͽһһȫͬһѶȡһħʿҶСɱûʲôѶȣ࣬ټϵ֮໥ϣҪɱѶȱԽԽ
ĵһιҶС֮ơһ֮壬ͬʱʩչ
նӰɽȻ۳ħʿߣڵİӰɽ˲һ𣬻һӵмǿʶתŴһŨʶۼֱħʿʶȥ
ħʿʶʮʵȻڲٿʶȴǿǿĹ֮ǳܲסġ
ʶһ֮ħʿĹʱһͣᣬҶСıɽһ⣬ž޽ӰһħʿдžݵԲη
ħʿǹһͣнգΪ˴ħɢŹԲֱҶСķɽײһƫʱǰ
ȻҶСδħʿһˣǾһ˲ƾжݷļ٣ʯ֮ҶСѾ
Щħʿһ߶׶ߣߵмһ֮ߡҶС˵ȷǸСˡ


һ ȹ
ͼҶСħʿǰ϶˲ֻֻƣϺһȼɫ棬ֻơһ̣ҶСƺȻбǡô·бųϻħʿ沿
ҶСƻħʿ沿ͬʱ串֮ϵһ±ȼ˲㻯һŴ֣һ±㽫ħʿͷ­Ű
ǵħʿ磬ǲȫյġħʿǿԶѰԪӤʿĻҪǿ֮࣬»ɼֵĸΪ־һЩȴȫŵġ
ܵɫһħʿͷ­ǣ֮ͼɫĻӵԼһ㣬׷˳ħʿĿڡۡǡ˽ȥһ˲䣬һ𣬶ȫħʿ֮С
⿴ȥͼħʿİϴţпʼϷҫ۵ĺâʱ䣬ħʿͻȻ޷Լһ㣬ȻȻ֮Уȴͷڳ鴤šһ˲֮󣬱ôڿʼлһȼħʿƴڲ߽һ㣬һķѿǷѿĵطɫҫۻšţħʿ㳹׻ûһɫɵĻˡ
ħʿոձ˵һ˲֮еһ紵˱˲Ϩȥ֮вһۼ
һ˲֮Уħʿ㱻𳹵׷ɵòʣһ˿ҳ̡
ħʿٻͬʱҶСѾԵڶħʿչ˹һΣħʿƺʶû֮ǰһΪǿ󣬲ҶСնһ֮±յĲһ׹䵽ȥһ֪ʶҪ࣬ҶСնĵڶѾһΣֱƿħʿʶֱӵȥҶСʱҲܲҲȥ䵽ֱһħʿȥ
ҶСżٶһһĻɱ׷İħʿֱҶСһɱħʿ֮ʣµ˲ԼȻмơ˻ǰĸǿȻΪñ˴˹ܹ໥ǵܹ໥϶ͼɵøһЩľ룬ʱȴѾ
ֻҶСͻȻʯ˿ʯ˿һ֣Զһħʿ治˵ܹڶʱڻɱסȴⲻ
һ棬ҶСҲܿı㽫ħʿɱȻתͷԸʯ˿ϵħʿ
ҶСһֱãȴֻһͷƬ֮㽫ħʿ׻ɱȻǰȥʱ䣬ڻɱĹ֮аѰħʿ˾룬ɱĹȴǼ࣬ҶСʵһһϣҲ÷Ѷһôǣںú󷽲֪ȹħʿ޷ԮҶСʱҲصͻȻħʿƬ֮㱻ɱˡ
ҶСĿĲֻҪɱЩħʿֻǱĴȹѡ
δüյħʿʬһأͬϵǬһǬ֮ҶСٶֱǰʣµħʿȹȥ
ҶС֮ʱֻƾжѣǴ֮ʱȴжݷļٶȷɻء
ܿ죬㷢ǰһħʿȹԾԭصȴšҲ벻ҶС񣬶ǰħʿɡ
ҶСľٽһЩʣµħʿȹҲҶС١һûǸղǸܵʿĶޱȡЩǰ׷ȥħʿȴһûӰʣµļ˱ʶƲ
ʱȹ̻סһȹٵĿʼķٷɻءȹĶټ죬ĸȹľֻ֮ܽһĻɫݹⳤ
һħʿŭһħʱǣΪȻͬһ㣬ħƻ֪һħΪ̫ңͷӿֱǵûɵֳһг
ҶСʱħʿѾħ֮жȻһ롣ԭͽɵӴΣȴøӸߴҶСͬһһ㡣
ԪӤÿһ׶ҪķѼ֮ʱ;ҶСȻڳħʿһһʱžƣǶԼΪһ׵ħʿҪսʤҲ̫գҪսʤȴôˡ
ȹܵٶȼ죬ҶСɺħʿĲ𡣴þһ㹻֮ҶСҲǣ˲㻯һмɴСĳһ㣬ֱħʿײȥҶСȴδԼΪ̫Ũ۳˻ֱ̬ײħʿǾħʿ뵽˹Χ֮ʱڵһʱ˻齣
ʱĽͬˮһ㣬һһųβһ˲㸲˴ƬգнɶߵħʿΧס
һ棬ҶСҲδջʯ˿ǲٿǳǰӶݵȹ׷ȥ
ضħ͹֮УҶСѾð˲СķաһǰȹӶݿȥҶС᳹ױ¶ôļƻƱػ鷳ࡣȻⱻ飬ȴô硣
ʯ˿ٶһЩۿƺ׷ЩԶټȹˡ
ҶСʯ˿סȹ뷨ֻȫɱǰħʿȥ׷ɱǰȹ֮ʱȻܵϸ֮еһ궯
ҶСѾ˶ΡҲ֪ԼоֻһѣǱԼϸ֮Щַ仯Լ֩ޡ
ΪͺҶСĹϵҲôʶǿ޷ֱʶйͨҪҶСֻϸ֮ı֣ҶСע⵽ˡ
һҶС˳㻯һӰһšʧ֮󣬲ոճ֮һƬɫ֮һ﷢˱ըһ֮ŴƬɫд˳
ͬһʱ䣬ֳȹӶݷǰԶθոճ֣һͬһɫʧԭأһɲ֮ǰһ
һһ֮䣬Ѿг˼Զľ롣ʱ׷ȹԽԽԶʯ˿
ʯ˿֮ʱȻֻ֮ͻȻߣһֱʯ˿һֱ֮ϡһٶʧ֮ʱʯ˿Ҳ֮һͬʧˡ
߷ֱסʯ˿ԼٶֱӶݵеȹ׷ȥ
ҶС֪ԼصĶƺΪֹȻ޷ʱƾ֮ͣСֻ԰ͻʹ֮γɷܴ֮ﵽյȻէַƺܱ׾ҲܷģЧȴͬСɣҿʩչҲûʲôѶȵӡ
ЩҶСΪʵʵҲȲšǵܴﵽΣҶСȴǲ֪ԭδԼ޶Դս֮ʱǽȥûҪ󣬶սġҲδرעսǴﵽʲô̶ȡ
ڣԼӧҲǶڶԸЩȹżš
Щȹ׷ȥҶСҲٷȥתȫĶԸѾ齣֮еħʿ
齣ѾʮűɽɡֻʮɽĻ齣ѾԪӤʿˡ
ֽҶСĽȻɣɽٶʮűÿһɽƶԪӤʿ⽣ҲԵ͵


 
ֽħʿȻǿҲס⽣ĲϹ
齣ȴǰҶСԸԶɽ֮ʱ֪ǿ˼
ۼħʿѾûжĿܡȻߵһ·һضϵһķΧΧźɫӰ令ûһ϶ʩչŻ齣ҶСȴ֪ʱħʿѾȫƵСûʲôĵδʩչôҶСֻǳ֮¡
ȻħʿܹһȻԼĶֶΡȻδʶҶСĽгݺ֮⣬ֱʶĹڡһʱмܡǴӦһ֮ȻǴƣȴһ˿Ϣռ䡣
õһ˿Ϣռ֮ʱħʿеĶзȻ뵽С˫ֺʮһ֣һб㻯ָһǶħʿпȥƲ󣬵ʵʵȴǼֱǴ󵶣ֻΪħʿθΪ޴󣬲ԵСࡣ
ţͼħʿ˫赶ӴȴӵмݵٶȣǵһƬֻĵӰīڵĵӰħʿܳɢȥΧγһǲ϶ӰԲǵӰ뽣зɽȻԳʲôƣһʱ侹ҶСĽ󽩳ǵŻʱʱģнҶСķɽͿȥƿһͨ·˼
֮ǰҶСڶϳħʿʱһƬɲ֮伸б㽫ɱȻ֮ǰ׼֪ħʿôöԸȴҲû뵽ȻԼƾŻ齣ħʿҲܵ͵̶ȡ
Ҫ֪ҶСǻ齣Ѱ֮ҶСвЩ⣬û뵽ԼħʿĲ֮󡭡
ʵ⵹ҶСԼЩƫȻսףΪҲֻԪӤڶѣȻħʿΪħʿҲиոս׵ڵģѾĩˣۿҪͻƵħʿġȻͬħʿ磬ս֮ġ
ҶСЩ˵ᣬ⻤֮ʵȻҲǲ׵ġǱڽ֮еħʿǡǡһսǿѾۿҪͻƵħʿ֮ˡ
ҶС񲢲ܺħʿõȥۼ޷̽ҶСһ¶ݹ֣Ӱһ뵽˽֮Сͬʱ䣬˫֮Ȼȼ档
ý뵽˽֮кΧһգǡǡסһɽĽ˫סһǱɽ֮۵ļɽâȻСδٶʵ̶ȴٶࡣ佣âɢĹԾʵһ㣬ĹԳ
ҶСס˷ɽһ˲֮䣬˫ϵ·˵Сһ㣬ŷɽֱϡ
ɲ֮ҶСзɽȱ㶸Ȼһ롣ֻмǳʵâԵзȫʵɫɡ
÷ȻǰҶСҲùʱķɽ֮ȴֻǸһѡзɽȴѾȫıʣҲǼ򵥵ĲƵɽ϶ѣ뽣âȫںϣԭĽâɽǣɾϷɽС
ǿģķĳԣзȴȼɫĳһгɵͬʱҶСѽֱնħʿɢĲ㵶Ӱ֮ϡ
ܹ͸Ļ齣ģܹһֳһеС˶ҫâľнһնǰߵȻķǲ㵶Ӱ˱һ㣬ҶСһδʩչӵ˴ݹ
ħʿķһҶСƿһӣ齣ɽ̶鶴һ㣬׷׻һֱħʿķУ
齣󹥻ɲܹƿķȴҶСһƿʵҶСַ֮ͬ⣬ܣҶСʩչ𣬶ҲǼࡣ֮ǰֻܹʩչڷɽϵıһ𣬱ܵڵ֮ơֱԪӤԺ󣬵ΪӤ̺ҲʹҶСܹһ
֮һɲǵʱ֮ڣԽԽķɽƿ˷뵽ħʿķС֮ͼħʿĶеӰȻɢȥ֮ɢȥĵӰ棬չֳıֻҫųҫĿâķɽ
ĽӰһɹɵĽ໥ĦϵĽɱѾûзֻܹƾԼǿȵ齣ħʿ
˼⽣вɲǾͱɱͬһϸĩҲδ¡ħʿȴǲֵ˽ãʧȥ˷ԺȻƾ˺ðĽ󹥻
ֻúһ֮ħʿűһıɱҶСΪǿ뵽ϸС
ϸ֮УǿͨľɢյΪġĻԼȴ޷õģͨҶС뵽ϸ֮еȻʶͺǿˣѾҪҶС
ϸеľѾٶ˼ƬҶӣ˼СģɢҲӶһЩһҪҲˡҶСɲԼ裬Ǽ˵ġ

һ֮ĽӰڿʼɢ
еĽӰɢȥ֮󣬲ĴƬӰĴ¶ҶСΡϣҲǡǡһڼٵСţֱֻһ㣬󳹵ʧ
ҶСѾЩ뵽ϸС
˼ˣҶСʶһ̽ҵڡ
ǰҶСרעԼսȻ֪λãܹܵϢǿΪһֱûбֳϢͻȻҶСҲһֱûرעʯ˿ҲΪ̻꾧ڷӡʶԴﵽҶСԼУܹһʱжľ硣ҶС֮ǰǲ֪Ǳߵսġ
ˣһ̽޾һ¡ΪҶСոջɱħʿѣȴѾɱȹںʣµһȹ׷šȻܵȹں׷Ȼˡ
ҶСŶݹԽԽҲȹԽԽҶСȹ֮ʱǡǡҲ׷ȹ
ʱˣҶСԭʣµһȹȻѾϸЩˣѾʮʵ֮ϣȱһ飬Ҳֻʣ˴ȡȱٵĵطֻеĻɫϢţȹ֮гֻǱһӲǹס˶ѡ
ʵȹȻȥѾʮʵʵȴֻǹ޵һ⹦Чˣ۵ʵֻ֮ʶ֮޵ѹûΪģΪûȫ޷ԾĹ޵ȹѾǼ޾ˣ߼ȫ֮¡
ȻҲ˵޶ʮСܴﵽȾѡһͳĹ޾ҲԼĻּ𣬴ӸߵͷֱΪ˧ȹ顣Ȼд˻֣ǴҲйﵽ˸ߵľ硣ܹﵽ߾ĹޣǱʮǿʿΪһЩʧȥ֮ò޳ǿĹޡ


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Ѿʥ鵱ΪСһ塣ǰǿʿ֮ȡ˷ǳĳɾͣ丶ŬʹҲͬһ֮󡣲֪ҪӵǰҪ϶ٱ
ȹۿ׷ԼѾʮʵ徹ȻȻǿҪɢһ㣬һ²һ¡ʾ˼ȵĿֻš
ɲξſ־壬ĹѾ
ҶСǣȹĹȻʮּ򵥣ֻ׷֮һбȥһٶȼ죬ҶСȻѣܹü΢΢һ㻮һڹѡ
֮ʱȹȴҲ֪Լ޿ɶ㣬Ѿ֮ʱȻһŴͻȻ֮ſоȻڶһһƬǴҲһֱŵ˿ŵСֹ֮ͣĿӿһɺںɫֱ沿˹ȥ
ҶСԶҲ֪ΣաһҶСܵмΣյϢʶĸҲͬԵʯ˿һָҪǵһʱ˿
˾֮ҲѾ޿ɶˡҶСһɽ¶ݹȻ˱ҶСҲͻȻԭʧһ㣬һ˲Ѿ˾ܽλáɾˣҲܿǵֵסһˡ
ҶСأ֮ʣȴ˿ûаǺںɫһ㣬ûһ˿Ҫܵ˼
ȻȹһûĵĹδ֮ʣ㱻һննĺڹն롣һϣûһ
һߣȹһϾȻûκε쳣ӦЩ֮еʽһӴһײǽһȻ峯˹ȥ
ҶС񿴵ԭǹҪ֮ʱȻһǳǳĽɫԣһ
ȻȹѾɱȴδͣ¡һ½˿Ѿֳ룬ȥƺδɾȹ˹ȥ
һ˳ҶСſԭлɢŻҺɫţؾǰļȹˡû뵽ɱǣǵġʬ塱Ҳ֪Щʬ׶ҶСǴ֮
ռ䵱ͱֳڹرȴԶԶûǿЩҶСڲϽ֮УҲߡ
ֻǣҶСףǰδĹ޶Եйε֪Լֶڹ޵ǿģ
˵ҶСҲȥֻ̽ҪԼûκεĺԼˡ

˿סȹ֮ʱҶСҲѾ
ԭ뿴Ƿȹʲôر֮ģһתȴѾնɱˡ
ҶСҲɣһԼʶʯ˿һѾʩչеȹʬȫˡѾƬȹʱȻʶһ㣬Ƭ״ʬ廹ڲϳһ໥ţֻϧδӴһ𣬱ѾҶСΪʶ֮ˡǿʶ֮ҶСʱȴһղ˶ٵģȫϸС
ȹ֮󣬱ʯһľӽ˿Ŀ϶ȥȻ󣬶ֻСĴָָ״СȴɫһǺɫë״һˮɫƬ״ͬһʱ䶼ɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ҶСͻȻȹڵ˳±²⵽ȹһȺޡħΪ֮±һҪ㾧ʯ
ɾʱȴһ⡣
ţǣ
ͻȻҶСһġ
ľʾҶСֹͣҪöҫҫ۹âľʯץϸһ뷨
һ̣ѾҶСϸ֮˳һֱֳöʯһ֮̽㽫žʯյ֮С
ƽ̯ƣѷ֮еžʯʾҶСͬʱ˵֪öʯǺ
ҶСʶ̽̽ȴûзκε쳣ֻ֮ҡҡͷѡʶ̽⣬öʯһܹܵϢһܹ̺ܵųҵĻϢⲢûʲôر֮
һ解һ伫Ϊ֮ս֮ǰѾǺ֮֮ü󣬼ֵ֮⣬ʮϡ١ʱܹӵдģҲһɶѡǰŴ˵ӵа˺ڴ˵˿ڤǵǸɵ֮
ԭǰϵƺöʯôȴδʲôر֪֮кãǰΪֱֲӴöʯģ
ҶСɻڴһʷжϵںһȺ߽ħ塢֮ﵽк
解֮ֻһûоرˡĪûʲôر𣬿ɾڵֱӴҲᱻɢϢ˵Ψж֮ˣرȡ֮ſɱⱻ˼Ǵ֮ʱҲͬһƷɷضʡľʵȵ֮Сöʯȴֻʶ֮ر֮ſɴšҲΪһҪȹʹԭˡǡǡֽġɽ
Ҫ˵ȥȴȻ֮ͣɫͻȻ仯¶˼־ȵ顣ļȻתתͷȥѰʲôһ
ǰ㷢ʲô쳣
˱仯ҶСҲ̽ΪԶԶ˵׼Щʲôܹ֣Լ˿ܲġ
ȴǺûҶСĻһ㣬ֻһֱһá
һ¶һ˿ԼŵɫڶҶС˵
ǰ
ҶСҲδ̫ɺһЩ
ܹϢӦҲܹܵҵϢġ˫ĿԸڴ˵Ӧúܿˡ
㽫解ɽ֮ʹ֮ҶС񣬱صҶСϸС֮ʵֻ־ʯĥɽҶСԼҲܹ֮£Ҫرȥʦæġ
˵֮ǡǡҶСҪȥķԵҲرȥңɳǰнˡ

ת֮䣬ҶСǿռƬгѾȥʱ⡣Ҳڶݵַ֮ꡣЩԭ觺ͱһЩѶϢҲûҶСصϸ֮С
ھ觺ͱһս֮ҶС㿪ʼøӽ
ַһ֮󣬱ܵǰһǿֱʵϢ˳֮ɱɷһϢʮӴȻһ˻߽ܴﵽĳ̶ȡ
ò£ҶС֪ǰڤˡ
ȻٷûжԶ֮ҶС㷢·ĻȪȿʼ˺ȻĳŲˡ
ΰߴڤ֮в֪˶ٵħдӵĶǷУڵ֮ϼдӳг


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ڤǵӴҶСڴħļ䵱о˽⣬ŵľҲ֪Ȼ׼Լ֮ǲм־ȡ
ǰһɺɫ͵ĳǳأݺ᲻ǧȥһǳأһСҡ֮еĹ׳ֺսսħʿ
ʿħһֱԾӵĽơĺôǴ÷ս֮ʱŽԶǰͬһѶɢɳһΪǿࡣ
Ÿ޳ǣҶСҲ𺳡
Ȼ֮еƲ޳ǣڤȴӵһֶеơ
ԶԶߵһǾңԶɢŨҵɱϢĺɫǳءҶСһ
һǳصǰУҲֻǴԵԶԵˡȻһýһЩⲻеǿħ﷢֡ڤԱټɲ֮ǰȪ·ϡҶС񱻷ֵĵһʱ䣬ᱻһȺĸ߽ħӵһΧʱ򣬿ǲѷˡ
ȻҶСҲòУ޳ǣҶСĵȴȻ˼ֶʮֺĸܡȻĵʮܹȥ̽һ̽

ҶСѹסһ˿뷨ĵΣžڤңԶĿռԵ˹ȥ
ڤȻСȴΪһڤǣ㼸ڤĴȡڣҶСҪȥеλãռıԵ
ռԵռ֮Ϊȶ֮Ƿ羢ѰʿķɽҪǿ֡ĴƮζһ޴ʯľԫϱڵȵȸﶼƯڰ֮С
ԵѾֲ͵أһƬɻǡҶС񵱳ȥռƬԼ˵ȾҲûʲôֵġ
ֻ׼˷򣬶磬ðŲ֪ʱʲôطͻȻֵһţƾжݷٳǰš
ҶС񲻱ٵĻħǹڴ˵رиԽתԾҶСΪȫʩչжݷҲصĻᱻ˲õ
ռԵ֮ҶСΪͱʱֵһɹȥܹ˳ֹ޷˵ǿķһľˡ
ڤȻ󣬵ǰȴ⽨һϣȪ·ĩˡ
ȻֻдԼľ룬ҶСڿռԵ֮ļ٣Ƿ˽ʱ䡣
һԾڤǣҶСڤǱԽԽСǰһڤīںˮҶСǰǧڤˡ
ѾٿħʿӰˡΪҪͨǧڤҪͨڤ֮·ڸڤ֮·ŵķħ޵棬ֱڴ˵ߵͳߡ빵¡Щƽնǽ֮ˣ£ƽʱǲǲ뵽ս֮еġֻԳǲŻᱻħһ֮ԺСֻҪרע֮ʱɱУսǡ
֮ģ˺ȵԼֻصҶСħļ䵱֪̽ǰ˺ȵԭ˽֮ءǵֻصڰǰų֮ءԭֻǴǰʵǿҲδõĸʿ֮ذˡڰǰŽµֻص
ǰפǰǰ棬ʵںػ֮⡣ǰİ˺ȵǻΪ֮һһȽԷǳ֮ͣءʵν˺ԼȵǴһСĹ֮еĵֻڹ絽ںδѾû֪ˡ˵ػطǿ价ƣȡ֡
ֻصħļ䵱ҲδʲôѶϢ֮ˡ
ħУסŵıµĵɽǡֻʸ񱻷ΪħħޣʸסħС
һָסŴ˵صͳ֮ɭ޵ˡ
ȻЩħĴǴɭ޵󷽵Ĵһ֮Уǽ͵ڤȴֱӵĴֱӴ͹ȥġȻͨҪвħֲסˡ
ҶСȻܽ뵽ڤ֮ȥͨȥɭ޵󷽵ġģֻǾȫְ취ͨڤ֮·

ڣҶС뵽ڤ֮Уɱ˶ħޡޣҽ˱֮Ѿħĸ߲֪ħ֮Ȼɳ˴ħޡĴѰҶСˡ
ҶСʱ㰲ȫħδܲµõҶСٶȻô죬ȻѾڤǵĺ󷽡
ڵҶС񣬵뻢Ѩˡ

ҶСǰǧڤĽˡҶСҲһبڤϷĿڤ֮·
ڸڤ֮·棬˵һӵвϸϸĸߴֻ֮Ƿħˡ
ħפŵģħ֮жպķħһ塣
ҶСڴǸħļ䵱ѾԷħһ֪һЩһƺƽرʵһʿȴһΪ۵֮£öʱȻڻ֮ǵܴܵˣȴȫԻָġΨϧһ֮е٣Ȼһ֧赲֮ʦ
ҶСӰδʶѾǵ˴ħ
һ̽ȥҶСЩ⡣Ϊھ֮ǰ֪ħ֮ӦǧħʿġڿҶСʶ̽ȴֻǷ˰ٶͽħͼʮħʿˡħģһҲûС
ֻһҶСȷûʲô̫Ҫ˼ɵˡԱҲԴЩӣʶĸǷΧųȥܿ㸲ħ֮Сϸһ̽ȷԼ֮ǰ̽Ȼû
ֻʣôһħޣν㳲ˡħ֮еħ빵񲿶֮һͻȻ˴ĶҶСб㲻²⵽֮пҪ鷳ˡ˵֮°ѣǴʱ˴ҶСҲҲ˵ġ٣ڿǷҶС񡣶ңפŵħ٣֮ӦҲ¶١
ħ֮еħֻʣ˲Щ˾ǾȫҶСҲ֮ܡнȴû̫Ĺ˼ɣҶС˷ħ֮С
Ȼħ޲࣬ҶСħ֮Ρ֣ܲȻǱиӷһЩħȻ£ȴ뾪֮еħޡǰڤǵеĴҪ֪ڤǲ̫Զġ
ڷԾ˴ħ֮ҶСǰһԲֻռʮɷΧ߶ȴֱϸ
ƽڷħ֮кܶ࣬ȴΨһΪߣҲϸһ
ħ嵱֣Ὠ˶Ĵ⽨ڽԵ֮ϻһ֦һĴ׳ӣҶС֮ǰ֪̽ģħһƽʱ߶Ǿס֮ϵġħһʿʱڣΪ֮ʱǿʼʵָҪ֪Ǵ֮ʱǻͣҲǱǿһЩѡ֮ˤȥҲ׶༪ٵġ˶ȴڿħʿǱ価񱩵ȴǴкô
⽨ڷħһкЧ⽨˸߶ȣȴҲܹ治Ǹ֮¡
һߵĽҶСһ˿⣬ҶСûرȥˡֱֻӹȥǣǾһָϸĸ֮ʱȻܵһĸо·Ȼһһ㡭


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ȸоҶСǴӽ뵽ڿʼûڸܹˡ
ҶСΪͣǿ˱ֵȷʮ֡
תһҶС㷢ߵоȻһĪֵĸоָоͷеĸܣԼĸоģһЩԼļĸо
ʶڸ֮ϣŷϸָߵĸȻпռ䲢СзʲôġڲҲӦʲôռ䷨֮طʹпռ䲢濴ȥôС
ҶСҲֻܹ֪õпռ䴢Ŷѣȴ޷ʶ̽ʲôȴ޷ó
ҶСɲŻָоʲôȻ֮ʲôӰԼӰԼ
ҶСɻĿ֮ʱкȻ˺Щ˵ʣʥ֮ڴ˴
ڿеġʡȻʥ沿Ǹʥˡʥ֮ʥȫҶСȻӺڵĿе֪ʵʥ沿Ӧʥ塣һΪʵ⣬֮ŷǷִֻ֡ʥһ˵ѪѾ統츳ٶȱʮʮķӳʥҲıԼҲʼƺԼΪʥ沿䡣
˺֮ԣҶСźȻʥʧԣǵʥĲЩħ塣ǡҵ˵ʥ飬Ҳ˵ùȥ顣οһĿռ䲢ֻ̫Ҫʥ黹ڣȷױҶС񵱳ںϹӺʣҲǸʥ֮֮ԲΪڵԭ򣬻Լں֮Եʣʥ֮Ӧ˵ùȥ顣
ȻҲܵˣô벻ˡʥ鱻֮󣬾Ǳ֮ˡҶСֱǸһ֮ͬʱ뺮˵ڣܷܵʥ֮ڵľλã
һ֪жߣҶС֮ϣȻܹܵõŸ߿֮еľڴȵҡšҳ·ȥȻ·ĻƲҲкԶľ롣
˸ߵһҶСѴϵȫ̽һġο·ʼÿһαħħʿšҲԸȥݾߡ
ߣڵʮּó޷Լĸ顣Ϊػסʥ鼸ʧȥԼȻ˳ȴҲȫɥʧԼ˳ǧķΪˣҲóʵ꼸Ρ󣬽˺˵ܹܵõµʥ֮⸽

ҶСӦһ㲻ʲôɣֱ̧˫ֻצһצץ˸ǽ֮С֮৵һ±Ӳ˺һǽƤ
Ҳ֪ʲô֮ｨҶСԭΪԼһש֮ģȴǸȻһһԼÿÿ˺һǽƤ˺һƤһ
ʵҶСһȭ󶴳Ļδ̫һЩⱻħʿħǷ֡
ˣħ֮µħȻ֪иʿ˽һİǿߵһ֮ʹ͸һ壬ֲδȥݴƽԷħһ۵ħ޸Ҵ⡣Ҳֻôһħ˼һ¶ѣȴδ뵽ǡ֮ʱи֪ߵغ崳˽
ʵҶСҲǼΪ˵ġڵλãʵͽ뵽빵̽ⷶΧ֮ڡֻڣҶСո뿪Ȫ·֮ʱ빱Ѿ֪崳˽Ҳ˾ҶСֻȴһ鷳²Ͼȥ˼ҶСˡ
ҶСҲԲ֪Լĸš¡ѱ˷ֻ֣ΪԷѲʰˡ
ܹһħĺħסϾ֮£ȻҲʲôСµġ
Ƭ֮ҶСѾǸ߶˺˺ܴһȱڳûʲôҶСȥ˺ˣеֻŨŨĺӿơ
ڣΪû˸ΧǽڵҶСʶȻҲܹ˳̽뵽ȥˡ
һ̽㷢˾Լб·Զһ쳣šúѣҶС²Ӧþʥ֮ˡ
ڵĸ֪û˿ҶСĲ²Ҳû
ҶС񴩹˺صħ֮󣬱ڵĿռ䡣
濴һƬǽȴóȴ濴ȥǰģΧǽǺɫģǴûһ˿覴õİɫ䣬ûһ˳ҶС֮ǰƿһӵĵطֳ˼ְ
ڷĴʱһöһıʯ֮ʯ֮ϣĽɫġʯ֮ϵķȫһ𣬷ֻһַ
ʥ֮飿
ҶСУʥӦͬϸ֮еĸһĶȴδ뵽Ķ
ģȴӦʥһ̬ˡʥ鱻۳֮ʱġ֮ǰԼĪܽʥ۳ģܹԱ˶ȥҲû˿ġ
ڽ͵
һ̽ҶСһѽǱʯյСʥȻڿȥûʲôرģǻֵħʦڵȥ֮ӦҲʲôοⶫʥ沿䵱ҲΪһʥԴġ
ҶСԭû뵽ʥԼкôֻǾôֵ֮ߡԼãôȡȥõʥ沿֮УǽһЩ֮Ҳһ֮¡Ҫ֪ҶСֻں˻ƶСһ֮˱仯ܹи֮Ҫ췭ظı仯
ҶСΣȴոսһʯյУոһӴʯ֮ʱҶСȻоʼһķ飬ϸܺëͻȻ
ָоҶСһҪĸо
һ˲ҶСۿǸոץʥ֮ĴʼĽɫĺһŴĵƣһֱСۡ۰֪ǽɫϸܷġ
ν֮ţҲҶСɡ
ʥʥ沿֮д˲֪꣬ȴһֱûһʥĺܹ֮κα仯죬ȴΪ˿ûԼʲôõҶС˱仯
Ҳ֪ΪҶСԵͲСΪ뺮ڽԼı仯ΪʥȻ飬ܵҶСȳĸжʲôԭɵģڵĽҶСʮĴʥ֮飬Ҳʥ֮顣
һ״ҶСȻµԵɡΪܵʥ֮˱仯ֻǶӰ죬Լʶû˿ı仯֮ҶСҲĶֻǱ˫Ŀڱʶ̽Χڱ͵Ϯ֮⣬ȫԼ˿ЩɫķԼȫ
Щʵ죬ܿ㼸ҶСȫķ֮¡
ȻЩӵнɫɫȴʲôֻһİ޵ĽɫĸҶС


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ܿ죬Щɫķı㽫ҶСÿһȫһЩϸܵķĴеķ֮ûбĸǵϸ΢϶֮
ЩĵӰ죬ҶСвٿأ̺֮㾡ЩӰ죬ıҶСڻͨȻתȷʵӵмǿƣҶСܹԵøܵΪת˳ϫһ㣬ַ·˺һ㣬ڲϵĳһһ
ָоΪҶС֪Լڷʲôı䣬ԼȴĪڷű仯
һҶСϵĸڲȥֻͼǡҶС֮ȴûмĵģֱ󣬲ĺֲһ㣬ؿڿʼڼһԮһϸСϸСķֱ֧˫һֱ˶ͷٶȻϣ֮ȥ
ǻ˵ķҶСüĴֹͣʱбڳȻᷢһĶвͬ
ΪҶСһǰɫһķĶǻްġΨҶСüһȴɢŽӲӵĹ
һģǡǡҶС񵱳ں֮ü۳һɫ˿غڳغϵһ˲ҶСüĴһɫڳ׷Ĺԡ
Ҳһ˲ҶСİɫĶ׷׿ʼûȥէһȥƾһ㣬һֱԼҶСȴ֪ЩĲδţ뵽Լ嵱СңЩ֮ʱֻһάһԼѡһ뵽֮Уά״ҶСֶһѪϵֻǣѪ֮ʵȴѪҺŨ
ͬʱ֮䣬ҶСһɲ֮ʧȥԼĿƣ֮ݵһ˲֮ҶСͷҲͻȻſգ·ʧȥԼʶһ㡣ʵϣȴҶСкǶЩʲôָоҶС˵İֲİ˵ϤȫϤ
˵ϤΪָоͺҶС뺮ڵ޽ԼʿԪָֹ֮оһģһ˵İΪһεĸоκһζһΪ̺˵ϢԶÿһζҪ
ҶС񼴽ָһɲ֮УҶСĶз·ģģһƮ˵Щʲô
ǴҶСѹ֮ȴּǲ嵽ԼʲôʱԺȴһͷǾƴҲҪػʥ沿䡣ԳõİϢ
һͷҶС΢ֳ̣һĨԴЦݡ֮һһƾնͷ㱻ֱɱ֮ͷһ˲ˡ
ҶСΪһ±ֱóһƾնͷǵȻΪߣδжǿĺµôһ˽ġȻ˵˽ģʵҲǴη֮ģ
˵˽ģΪҪһֱʽģ޴ӷʽü̳ʥ֮˰¡˽֮ģԳΪ˽ġ
˵Ǵη֮ģΪһָȴδΪԼΪʥ沿һ壡
ʴһֱô꣬ĽΪԼĲ䡣һôֵ˾塣
ҶСƽޱǿȣ͵͵ʽľ͸ΪִΪԲһЩĻֱ治ͷģԼС㽫䵱Լպµһ׼ˡԣںʻô𾴶ʱһǧɡ
ȻҶСĨɱǸͷĵȴԼϾǵ˼ҵĺô˼һҲԭԣպ˵׼ʥ沿ʲô֮ࡣ
ʱҶСȻ֪νʥ鵽ʲôãҶСڲһķһ㣬ҶС֮еԸӿ٣ЧܵСַȴƺȥ֮ͨʥĸ߽ʿһĴ֮вƺͼǿ˽̶ȵġ
ֱӵģںʥ֮ҶС֮ʱ°빦ЧҲ壬ΪҶСڿԽʶ֮֮ȫ໥תԶҶС˵൱ΪĽ̡
ǵ˵ĸԼƵĸַǷҩҪĴʥںϣҶС֮ٶѾƵһ˿ֲٶȣҶСͷһɫҲŷĳ뵽ڡҶСȴܹܵõһСνӲӵ֮Уиǿ㼸ЧӦþ֮ˡ
ЧҶСʥ沿ֶ֮֮˼
ڻҶСһֱһ뷨ħһҪһˡҲĪǿҵͷӼᶨҪⱾǶֻһʿ˵뻢һ뷨Ӽᶨ
ҶСոոƬڷ˵ı仯㷢ʶѾħʿ֡ǴæΣҶС֮Ѿˡ
ټͣҶС˶ݹ⣬һαڴֱӷ˳ȥ
һɣǺһɳļƣΪٶȼ죬һɳֱ֮ʣ˿ֱͣǰȥ
ҶСǴֱӷɳħȵĶҲ˦˺׷취ͨһɳûһᣬոշ˷ħ֮󣬻δ֮ʱ㷢Լƺ͹ħ͹ж
ΪǰԶпĹﳯΧ˹ǹﵱУвٵʶ̽ǹȴӵĹرĹҶСȴҲǼ֪䵽ǺġֹǵҶСռ֮мٵģʬ
ʬǾˡֻҶСȴǲ֪Ϊڴ˽죬ԼڷʬͬʱҶСܹܵõϸ֮ԵһҲҶСͬɻ
ʶź̽ȥȴȻмʮħʿħķħʿ׷ȴûзڤ֮ʲôħ֮ĳȻҶС·ˡ
ȻˣۿǰһۿжĹҶСҲˡ
ۼ˶ĹҶСбΧ֮ƣʱҪԶѰʿĶݹѳȥҲûôˡ
֪ǺʱʼҶСıԿʼһ˿˿ĸı䡣ҶСԸΣȻгأȴ˼֮ԼÿһƣĻᡣ
ڵҶСȻЩȻڷ֮ʣȴ˿ûиܵʲôصĸоڽһսΪڴһ
ҶСҲٳǰУֻڸ߿֮еȴЩͺ󷽵ķħһͬΧ񾳿˹ȥʱ㿪˺󷽵׷ʵҲûʲôЧˡ
һϮĶھ֮к죬иɢ֮ϢŽ𺳡µĶݹƮϼһĹʱ֡ҶСһ˰֮УĪ֮ˣ
ҶСʶ֮һٶ
ʱҶСȥƽͬһˮһữˣʳ֮ܣ


 ԩ·խ
ϸ֮һ춯ҶС֪̽㽫ϸ򿪣֮ǰһӰһûɸ߾޴εҶСԡǰ˶Ĺ֮ʱ
ҶСһͬʱԵ֮ĵ֣Ҳ㡣óƺʮּһǰֻ㲻ɶš
ǰһƬѹѹĲ֪ٵĹѹ˹ҶСҲʼЩ
Ϊ֮нǹ޷ͨȥ֮УԲŻȫġֻҶСҲδ뵽ħ塢Ҳ̫ԼȻʦڵΧԼ
ҶСȻ֪ΧԼģǵвСԩ֮ˡ˱ԸһҲΪ˶ڱصãҶԷҪ׽ҶС
ǰĹѹ˹ҶСҲʼ
Źǵľ뿿ᷢЩ޵лвٵħޡֻЩħ޵߶ߣѰࡣЩħ޽ħ嵱жΪһ壬Ϊԭ࣬סħջ󣬸ðżķսתΪħ֮Ҳ˻˼Щħ֮УȻյתҲħʿ
ˣǶǰͷҶСⷢһԼʶӰǵռɣǱƷ̥ҶСܶ˾˵ħʿ
ͷһڹ޺ħʿݵӣ൱
ת֮䣬ҶСѾΧס
֮УֻҶСΪĵһǿհ׵ģ֮ħޡ⡣
Ȼ㣡ԩ·խ㺦ңû뵽һδȥѰ𣬽ͶˣҾҪ׽Ƥ˵Ҫ׸ϣϽʶ񣡡
ħʿĹ޺⼸ħһͬվǰҶСȵ˵֮ʱҲʼ͸Ũħӽ¿ʼšʾΪʮ֮Ȼ׵ħʿΪħʿȻм԰ʱġ
°ܽҲҴԲѣЦ
ħʿ˵꣬ҶСЦħʿĴԲѡҶСҲδ뵽ˣûûһֻħצߣѾҶСɱҲԶҶСԪӤΪ֮ˡ
ʱҶСıǹޣǺܴһֵʬٵģҲǶվڲҶСľЩħ˵ʿǡ
Щޡħ޶ҶСһһ֮֮ʱģҶСȴЩҲ̫ٵʬȴֳ˲ͬ״̬ΪҶСܹܵõЩʬƺδĹޡħһԼΪĿ꣬ǵĿǴԵħ޺͹ޡ
ˣҶС˼תһ뵽ıǻЩʬ£ôǻڰаԼҲ˵ȴҲǲ²ѣҲ޷ȫȷΪ䲢ֻʬġ
ս֮ǰնǱýһҡκεһ˿춯Ҷѿս˲塣
ħʿһҶС񼥷ʱҲҲסͻȻ֮ħٶȿת˲֮ʩչħ幦ת˲֮ҪҶСȥͬʱŭȵСӿǲײĲᣬվ㡭
ħʿڼħ׼ҶСһ֮ʱҶСȻħʿֻҶСͻȻµһĶݹȻһ£֮ҶСʧȥΣԼĻδ˵֮ʣҶСαֱӳǰ
ʲô±˵ɣ
ҶСжݷʩչ˼£һµĶپȻѾﵽħʿҲץķй켣ľ硣ħʿδ˵껰֮ʣҶСȻϮǰֻһ仰ʶӰɽһ빥ʿʶͬʱ֮䣬ҶС۳һƷ̥ͷųĽâ۳ɵľ޽ֱħʿնȥ
ҶСҲδ뵽Լĵһιʩչ֮졣жݷȻڸոȫʩΪ֮ҲгԼļٶȡЧȻںʥЧˡΪʥԭҶС·𱻸һ㣬֮вʶ֮ĵԶֹʩչӵӦǱʮĹҲٶһΡ
ҶСͻȻ𣬹ͬʱǱҶС񹥻ħʿһʱӦħ޺͹ҲδӦֱҶСľ޽Ѿһն£ڳ˵ǰֱӽһħʿն֮Щħޡ޲ŷӦʱħֺƴĹ׷׳ҶСȥ
κ˶δ뵽ǿȥһԪӤڵʿȻܹһ˲֮ͽһħ˵ħʿնɱնɱħʿ֮󣬾Ȼһ֮ͽħʬҲȥ
νѸ磬ҶСѸ͵һ䲻ħʿȫ֮Ѿе͵֮ܣҲ̫޷ʩչҶСܱ㲻ħΪ϶٣ʶܹһ
ȴֻǳ䲻дЧĵֶ֮ʱռһ˾Ͳôˡ
ǲΣҶСһ˱˵֮һ׮Թ⣬ɽ𻢵áһȻЧʶҶСһ֪жٴǰҶС֮ˣʵ𺳡ԭҪһ͵ģڶĵķΧٶȡ
ܹһɱħʿħʿ֮ˣڳеĴ󲿷˶ֿ
Ȼٹޡħ޶ҶСסɱħʿ֮вٵĹޡħڵһʱ䳯Χ˹ҶСҲһ֮䣬Ϊٶ̫죬һŨҵĳɫһѵĴȦһҶСΪɢȥǾĻȦ֮󣬱ĽͻȻ֮С
ҶСڵһʱ˻齣Ϊ̫࣬ҶСĽҲǸǵķΧ㡣
ո˵ҶСʱĴ򷨾ȻΪĽ󲻽ǵķΧ㣬ҶС˿ûýػԼ˼ȫԽɱеġԼǻŽâʮɵľ޽նͬʱѾûøֵ绤סԼѡ
ҶС񵱳һսǳħʿԻ齣󶼷˲ٵ鷳ҶСһʼǽԼĹĿЩΪԵͣԽ˲ɱħ޺͹ǡʶսʼ֮ǰѾԼҪĿꡣ
ҶС˴Ҳ̫Դ󣬶̽ȻԷӴ󣬵ȴûΪ̫ߴﵽħǹʿһҶСսҶСָٶȺʱʱʩչ˵Ҳ˿µġ
Ȼ޿ɶܣɱʹ죡ıˣ졣ܷɱóΧʲôʱͻȻһħʿҶСƷҲǺˡ
ҶС֮ҲĿȷƵЩǡȴҶСǰר󣬶һ³ս֮Уĸģǹĸ
սһʼҶСս֮Уħ޺͹Χ˸ذ
ʱս֮ȴַ䡣
ԭӵһΧҶСħޡǵ֮УȻս֮еʬ󵹸꣬תͷǵ


 ʬ
ЩʬڹޣȴΪӵĳ̶ֳҪǿѰ޵ġЩʬ֮еֶУее壬ҲħģһΣȴȫͬҶСδġȻһЩ̬ġǿȣ໹ҪǿЩħ޵ġ
һʬһ꣬ҶСѹʱЩԭΧҶСħޡǶʱβˣʱʳ߱Ϊ˱ߣ״̬ʮǱ
Щħ޺͹޷Ӧ֮ҶСвٴӹ޺ħ޿зĶʬɣʵҪ췴ħǵ
ʻͼһʬ֮еͷĿģʬڻɱһħ޺صҵֻħҺθɣҵɱȣǲɣ
ȻǷˣħҲֻԳħѣ˵Ҳҳ

˱ߴҲû֮ҶСҲˣƺЩʬĲ¡һǾҶС񣬶Ҳǳô˻ħ
ҶСһǵĶԻ֮̽ѶϢһ߼ɱЩħޡ֮ʱȻǸʬͷ֮˵Ĵ֪ҶСֻܻҶСҶСҪǰнһֱԽ޵ٴ˺ȵֻصԼ
ΪʬУҶСҲ֪֮δܼʱϵԭԭѾħսաԭ޵֮еʬǱħĺʵȫǷΪġ
˼ҶСҲʵ̫ϸ
ʬЭԭǽҶСĴħޡޣȴ˼ƾе֮ľսЩʬӵв֮һ㣬ٵˣľǾ֮еĻ黹Ὣǻɱôٶһʬľӽȥħ޿ǲٵģʬȻҲǶǵġ
ΪʵĳҶС⣬ҪˡʱΪڹ޵Ĺȫߵڹ֮ʱȫǴ󿪴ϣ뵽˴ȺĹ֮Уֻ޴㵱ͬһոŹǵ
ҶСԦŵĻ齣Ȼһɱħ޵ĽȻħ޻ǸΪħܹڽвᱻɱȴҲѳЩΪԵһЩħȴǼձ뵽˽б̱ɱɾ
ҶСҲȫʩΪһ֮䣬һεĽâÿһâ֮жЮϱʶ֮УӰɽҲӰҶСɱһħޡ
ҶСʯ˿ڸԻסһҶСסϾ˼ĹʱҲἫΪϵĸ豻ҶСӰɽεħһ
Ʈ֮ʣһĵֳǱ絲ס˵Ĺڵһʱڷһ绡ǹ·ֱӷȥȻ⹥˵ĶԷʩչ֮ȴҲòʱԶܡһҶС񼸺ܵĹ
ҶСȻȫʩΪĵ̱ͬĺˮһкǴʱҶСʩչպʶ֮ٶȴ졣һһǣҶСĵҲûôˡ
ҶСѡɱЩɱĵˣΪܹʱȻɱЩɱħʿϵĵ֣ôǰҲɱһԼȴ˴롣ʱԽԽ뷭Ҳ͸ˡ
ܹͬҶСģҲҪӵļǿķſԡҲ˵ͻķǿȣҶСҲԵֵס߽ʿǵùȻгǿɱǻûɱͽħޣѾЩΪԸߵħסˡ
սȥЩħޡǵٶȱڼšΨһЩģҪЩΪļʮħʿˡЩħһʩչ˿֮䲻ȫѪһ㣬˫Ŀ죬֮֮бƷӡһ޴ħһ㣬Ҳŵ˲ת˲֮䣬ͱŵԭ屶СһͬСɽͬһսһ㣬ʬҶС˹ȥ
ЩħȻʵǣȴҲܲסǵ̫СʲôתƵãڵһħʿɱ֮󣬾ڵһʱһʬռʬһ˲䣬ʬһ֮бһħʿǣʬȻҲʩչǷ֮һöãħһȫӵпʬһ塣
ҶСս֮кǸܹһ㡣һ߲ոһ˵ͬʱԼǿķֵס˴ӸĹ
ֵȼĴģսҶСǵһμȴ֪Լս֮УǴۿҲıⳡս𾪵ġΪʱս֮мÿһʿʬħ޻ǹ޶ӵ캳صܡÿһιЮŻصƺġ֮Ĺ㼯һΣ˭˶ᱻ𺳵ġ
ģҶСȻγֹԼеĳ֪֮УŷִʱĳȻôֵϤһʱ֮䣬ҶСһִƺԼ;ȳһ㡣һ룬ƺֲԼġΪĪĸо֮УԼĳԶԶ⻹Ҫ𺳡
ǲŵĴأһȻ㵹ȥΡɽͣһ·Ź̻һ׹ǳԭɫҹձҵĻյͨ졭
ûҶСȻ֮ģǵԼξ֮У޷ߵĹξȻҶСѾ֪ˣЩξľЩγеľڻȴúһ㡣
ҶСû뵽ξ֮е龹ҲӰһ˵ǡ
һâ˰εĹ档֮ǹһħ޵İȥһǴ絽Ҳϰһһ塣ɽն֮ǷɽѪħʾսĲпѪȡ
ʿΪڱնɱ֮ǰѾӰɽΣԲûκκ֮ġ
ÿһһħޣǶħ޵ҶСǬ֮Ҳôһħʬ塣ԵģҶСҲҪµĹȴӵŶǿķֻǻһЩѣȴܵʲô˺Ҫ֪ѰʿΪҪĻ⣬ҶСȷѾΪһˡӴҲҶСķ֮ǿ
սԽãҶСƺԽսġҶСںģ˵ɱ¾ĸо⺨սĿУҲֻڽĳս֮УҶСŻſĻһֱѹԼļ֮ϣѹԼͷһݷΡֻڳս֮ʱҶСŷԼΪɵġ
ֻһ߼ĸܡܹҶСȫĳᣬҲԹ̫ࡣ
ÿ˶ԼԸҲԼŵķʽ˵ķҶСƽͣΪ˴½˼ܣǲȫȥᣬһȥǽͺ֮㲻ȥһΪ֮ˣᾡԼȫȥػҲˣҶСȻ濴ȥѣʵȴ˼֮ˡǴӲ¶Լ֮£ʲôǻѹԼС
νģҲˡ


 ȵ
ÿ˶ѡԼҪߵ·ȨҶСѡһΪԼ֮ķ·ȥȴҲ޿ɺǡ
֮׷ģֻԼһ˵ĳɾͶѡҶСҪģȴǳԼú֮ܺ⣬ҪҲһáֹӰ·ȥĶݾ㶼Ҫ価γ
ҶСԽڷ·޾ս֮УӳսҲ֮ȵšһּ΢ĸо·ͬʩչһֵһȴΪǷȡɶܹ𵽲ͬá
ʵҶСʩչΪѾޡս֮ѾƾΪЧ佣Խÿÿǡò಻٣ٶҲǡǡһֲɼһ֣ÿһĳǶҲǲһֵƫ롣
ҵս֮УҶСеֻǲϵƴɱ޾Ļӽ
ģսȥħ޺͹ǵԽԽ١ʬȡϷ磬ȻһʼЩħ޺͹ӵϵľƣһֱϵս֮УʬȴǼٵģҶСǼûܵʲô˺֪УѹѹĹޡħڿʼΧ֮ƣ˱ΧˡƵĴҲɢȥ
ûãʬǱβĽ׶ΡʼնɱЩħ޺͹ǡ
Ͼħĵطڴ˵ط˴ս֮ʱ󷽵ڤ֮ڷߵı仯ʼдĳƶš
ڵ㣬һЩ׷ҵȵֵǣ
ʬɵҶСԣ˵ʱıѾһңС˶ٵĸͷˡ֮ǰҲˣѾԱҲѡһ߷ħʿʬľȥʱǿ֮δɢȥ
ǰѾûλҲһͬâݱһ¡¿ڤǵħӦҲ׷ϵġ
ҶСʶǷΧ㲩ܹ֪̽ħȻƵȴΪ̫Ӵеͽ׵ħħ̫࣬ٶȡ˵ԼжݷǴʱ˵صʬǵĶǴҲ׷ϵġȫûбҪڴ˵ƴˡ
ҶˡǱЦԶĴ˫յøԸֱ죬·Ŀ⴩شһֱڤһ㣬˵ҵ˿ɲֻҪס㣬Եֻصѡ֮⣬ҵȻһĿ꣬Ҫһٹڤǣħ֮ȡһأ
ڱĻû˵õʱҶСȻܵڤ֮бһӵ˵ӣΪħ͹֮ǿںһɵġ
ñ˵ҶСȴҲ֪ˡʬ׼ġȻڤ֮еʬҲʼжˡ
ҶС˽һЩڴ˵ص֮󣬱Ƕȥǰ޵Ѿκεֱӵǰȵˡ

ҶСһ߷һ߲ӵʲô˴˵ذʱ䣬ӵܹʹ˵صİħͥ
һ֮ʱֻǷħӵ֮ͨͶ֮СʱҲʵͶȻܡǺеǱս£ΪĹػʹսһӶ
ڤǵսһսʬ׿ǲٵġǹ͸һΪӴҲʹʵ֮б޵š
ĲţڸܵΣҲʼѹʱŷƺԼһλ²ܹѹסġһֳĿҲǽԸʹȻӵŵʱ
ֱʱħ֪ԼһĴǾһʼ㲻ýøһĻᣬΪõıΪԼѹסһУΪõúñԼΪ֡ȴ뵽ȴһУһͷһʼͱֳҰĵޣ
ҶС֮ʱѾܵǵĵǡǡɵǣħ⵱ʧ˰ָССʿҲǵȻ˶ʵ̫΢ȴغǿ⡣±׼ֱӶҶС˶ȴֱȥѰҶСײһ
ʵħҶС֪ľѾʩչ˶Ĺֻ;ָͬѡ
֮䱾һֱӵΥħ±ҲΪԭֱӶĹ
ƾʵǰ׶Ըġһ˱һսնûзֳҲΪδǰҶСһ·˳ûбйκθŵԭ
ҶСʱǳ䵱һεáĵֱӴڤ֮еֱ֮սƽϢ֮ԭħ֮еħҲħȻħģлһħһֱ˵ķͣһֱԳΪħ⵹Ǻˡħܹ޵֮˿ٵķչȻЭġܹЭħչʩȻǸһˡ

ڤ֮·ҲֻǧѣҶСƾжݷʱѾνİȵ
˵ǵҲǲΪΪȵ֮еһƬɫȻûпҶСԤ뵱еҽʣȴҲǵһشصĻ档ЩҲ֪ʲôȼţƾһŻܵȼţһʱʱƮš
ĵϻһǵһĶеֱ÷ڵ֮ϣеһڵ֮£ֻһ¶ڵϡиһЩһߴСĵΣеѾѿֻһѡ
ҶСһõĵǣǵȴѾҲͬһʵ֮ûҵʲôر֮
񵰣ҶС֮ʣȻ𣺡ÿˣ˵Ӧûˡ
ʲô
ҶСɻǴδ
ƽֱ֮ӵкǿ޻һޡ˽Ļģڶǰˡ
ĻҶСǶЩƮ֮еĻЩȤһ£ЩȻȶȲСѰʿЩӰ죬ǶӵҶСȴûһ˿áҶС񿿽Щ֮ʱЩ澹Ȼ΢΢˱ܵ˼ҶС֮Բлֱ
˿Щ浹ҲЩ֡
ʵȻλ֮𣬿ȴҲ޻һֻ֡޻̫ǿһЩ˵޻еĻһĴҲ˿ΪġЩƮɢĻ֮඼ǵµ޻ϢηҲġ
ս뵽ȵûжãҶС˼һϸ֮Ѿ˵Сٻ˳
ѾСĹһȴһĴģۿܲ˴˵صĸ¡ҶСԼΪʵеĻӲŶΧĸûʲôʵĸоȴֻв弶޵ʵΪȷǿסġ
һŴҶС޴ͷµסǹ޲Ž侲һ˫۾Ĵֲٸе̲ƽ


 
ùƽҶСȡ解ù޿˸󴫵˸֪ȵ֮гѰһ´
ҶСһֱѪιޣڵҶСȻܹ͹ȻΪԭ޷ԣȴѾܹͨԼ뷨ˡ
޵һγ֮ʱҶСҵۻҶСҲʮŵġȵķΧֻҪ˵ػ解޶Ҳܹҵõġ
һýյҶСޱ㿪ʼжֻֻ۾Ƕ觿˺һ󣬶㿪ʼķɶ
ҶСʶܹܵõڹ֮ʱһ͸Ƶϡһ˿ջ֮ҲͿʼѰһùܹʶ觵ˡ

ҶСǰĹԽ룬ҶСҲʼһЩȵ֮еĹ塣
Щ׳һȫɳͨʯɡ·ֻϰѣ׳ֱ֧ȥıߡΪĴС͵ĴСҲ֮ı䡣ȵ֮ΪЩСȴֻһߡߵҲǲѣҶСû˿вġ
ҶСһɱŸ𲻳۳һСѰ觡
С޵ٶȺеҲֱߣĴҹյнšģ޵ٶȱ
ҶСһֱС޳ǰţҶСʶҲѾ֪˹ķǰȵıԵ˺Ľ֮
ķΧ󣬹޺ҶСٶȿûñѾ˰˺ȵĽ紦
ȡ˺ԭʹһ֮еһ򣬶֮ûκεļ϶һһ磬Ҳֻһ֮ѡ
ʱҶС͹޵ǰһɱѩͳҵĻɵģΧʮɴС״ʵҶС뵽ȵ֮ʱͷر񱻹޴˴˵أӦþڴ˴ˡ
ǰһȻѾȷ˷Χʶ֮̽ȴûз觻ʲôرϢ
Ҳѹ֣Ȼ֮жΪ⣬Ҳ̫һЩǲԴ˴ͱȡˡﻹȵõҶСѰ
ǰܹ޴ҶСҲҲ֮޼ƿʩˡȴвͬΪҶСѾܹ͹ͨԹޱԽ֪ȫ߸ҶС
ڵ֪˹ݸҶСѶϢҶСΪԼ޷֪õʲô쳣ˡ
ͼҶСٻʯ˿ػԼԡԼһֱɵ˱ϷϥƯڰ֮С
󣬾ͼҶСԼһֱɢʶԭԶΧʶһֱֻʮɷԲ
ԭʯ֮еĻֻȴһ֮еһȫɢ֮СҪõ解Ҫһ֮нһްѳ觺ͱǹ֮ҲʲôطԽֶ
⣬޻֪ǱѩһҲһرϢҶСȻ֪һǱ
ҶС֪޵֮ȴҲԼĴ㡣Ҫʩչ֮Ϊһʦſӵе⻹Ѱʦʩչġˣ˷߽ʦҲδʶġ
ڣҶСʩչģǡˮ֮Ψһͬģֻǲˮ֮еһֶѣҪֻǽڱ˪֮ԼҪĶѡ

ҶСʶʩչˮ֮ʱ⽫˷ʩչ֮ʱκεҶСܹͨ͸ס
ҶС֮ҲԹΣʩչҲԵ衣ʶʩչ뵱ûκεĲ죬ȻҶСԴ˷񣬵ȴʤʶѾԶ̣Զʩչ֮еĿȴǿࡣ
ϴʩչ֮ʱһ̶ˮҶСȴǷѩռһ룬ڶָԸ뿪ıѩ档
ѩȻ濴ȥ󣬿̺ķѩȴһֱ첻֪ж
ҶСѱѩ涼֮󣬱¶·Ѿȫڻ˵ҽһıѩȴҲǼ֮࣬ǼΪտˮ
֮вǻ桢ҽǱѩˮͣͲһµġҶСܹ۳觻ǱҪĵ²ҽͳˮ
ҶСһʼȫϲĻͱѩ֮е觺ͱƺѾĲˡҶС˲ٵĹҲ۳觺ͱϸ΢һѡ
ҶСȻҪٵҽͱˮȴҪԶȱȴڲϵһ˿˿ҽͳˮע뵽֮лƵıһĴ֮С

ڣ֮һа򳡴Сľ޴֮ʱҶСҲﵽļޡ
Ҳ˵޴ı֮󣬾ҶС·ԭıҲѾһԲεӡΪеıˮҽѾԱҶС˳
ˮ֮˾֮⣬ʶҲѰܱ֮ġҶС񾡹ܲ˶ҽͱˮҪ̺觺ͱҲǼΪ顣
ʱţҽͱˮ֮нһ˿˿觺ͱšҶСҲһԣ觺ͱ۵ĺһѾ۳˳ΣЩ觺ͱƻᱻȥһ㣬ʱ;Ҫٺܶࡣ
һص㣬ҶС㽫ԼѾϸ֮е觺ͱȡ˳Ͷ뵽֮еľ޴С
觺ͱ֪Щ˶ãܹ֮ࡣ˴һͶ뵽У뿪ڱгڶһ˱ŵ̺ŵһ˿˿ϸ΢觺ͱ˱仯
ת˲֮䣬ҶСܵ觺ͱٶǰżı仯
֪Щ觺ͱ֮ʱõʲô취ӦòҶС֮ġҲ֪֮ʱǷҲҶСΪԽϴ觺ͱЩϸ΢觺ͱٶҲǼ֮ġ

ڣյеıе觺ͱѾĴָСˡ˴СѾҶСͶ뵽֮ʱ
˵֮觺ͱҶСҲ֪ˣǾɢȡѾС觺ͱʱͻȻʶ̽ȥ֮һµ뷨
ˮ֮ҪˮΪƵҩʩչ֮ҶСֻҪڱˮҽе觺ͱѡҪಽʵҶСѾʡԵˣ˵ĻѾȫûбҪٽˮڰеġ
ҶС뵽һЩ뷨
·ҽǱˮԷǷԾҶСҪǱ·ȥ觺ͱҲҪðһЩա


һ ջ
ҶС뵽һЩ뷨
·ҽǱˮԷǷԾҶСҪǱ·ȥ觺ͱҲҪðһЩա
ðһЩգܹõ㹻ĻرȴҲֵõġ
Ϊ·ҽͼˮ̺֮ŴҶСʶҲ޷֪̽Բ֪εΡ
绤סΣټ⣬ҶСһͷǱ뵽·ı֮Сμ죬ӰһѾʧ
֮ǰƯڰ֮еӴҲΪû֧֣һɢ˿ȥµ䵽˱֮СЩȵҽͼıѩǻһģǺֵȴЩͼ֮ںһȴӰ쵽ԷǺͺˮһ󣬲һзɢ
ѩԼǼıˮһȵҽֹһƬ֮ϲ㿴ȥѾûһ״֮ǰȫһΡ
ʵҶСڵһμıʱбһɻǱ־һطʮơǱ˿ذޱһͬǰȥѰʥ̥ı𵺡ҶСҲڴ˵֮
ɻҶСҲδҵǱ֮Щʲôϵ
ҶСԽǱԽ·ĿռԽԽС汾һ׶һ㡣ȵļӴҶСٵѹҲʼ
ҽķǱˮ֮еıͬѰҶС¸оõԼǱҲɶѣ㷢翪ʼбĵļǱˣһʱҶСҲǲܼʱ۳ġҶС㽫ɢʹΧһҶС
һҶСȴԼĵٶȷҲǼ֮ٶȡѰԪӤʿλƬ̱Ҫֲסˡ
Ȼٶȼ죬ҶСǿܹ֧֡ڴ˴ʼҲ۲˶觺ͱҶСٽһǱһЩٿʼ
ǾҶСոǱһҾʱĿһƳȻԼΧһƮɣ⼫ˮ֮гεӡò˵ӵȷ˿Ϊ̬ˣһ˱һס޷Ųһ֡ϸȥҶСŷӵģȻм죬һʱȴ벻
ʱһ࣬ȴֳһŮӣͬڳţȷȵҽ֮С欣ݽģŸǱ¶էһҶС㲻ɻԼ˿ꡭ
ҶС֪֮УԽ
ʱģҶСȻһҧࡣһѪһƣ
ǰתŮӱ˲仯һɢȥ
˵ʲôˡĻþѡҶСΪڱԻþ񣬲Ȼô췢֣Ҳڷֵĵһʱƿþ
ҶСһŷ־ڲԾ˻þһ֮УԼȻƵ˻⣬һҲѾĥòһЩ
˵عȻʮأӵжġû뵽Ȼлá
Ȼƿ˻þҶСǱҪʶʶաΪȻڲĥʶڡҲһΪѾ׵ҶСҲڲ֪˵Щһ
ʶģѾǿҶСҪʩչˮ֮觺ͱԱڴ˴һ뿪˵ء
ƺ觺ͱŨȼߣԶԶҶСԤ롣ҶСԲ²ЩҲ޷ԲŻ˶觺ͱɡ
ĴΧ۵觺ͱԽԽ٣ԽԽʱҶСѾɡҶС¼ĻⶼѱĥˡҶСʱѾȫƾǿڵʴҶСܹ˾õʱ䣬ҲҪ鹦һ㱡ɫ棬˾󲿷ֵ
תҶС㽫۳ֱڴС觺ͱ֮뵽ϸ֮Сϸ֮ҲǲŵģҶСǽŵġ
ʵѳҲԣҶСȴ֪һҪԼˡʱȻиʲôˡ
һ˲ҶС΢֮ƾһ̤˱㻯һ֧ɼϷȥ

Ƭ֮ҶСѾص˵֮ϡ
ҶСȴδڵһʱ㿪ʼ·Ǿԭӱ֮г֮ŷԼҲܵ˲Сˡ֮ǰǳ˿ûиܵģһص½֮ϣǱ˵ĲλѸٵĸɿȥ
Ҳ£ˮ濴ȥôЩر֮⡣ȴǴɱҲ֪γɵģȻ˶ĺ֮仹ֱӵ˺ˣȫǺһ㣬㲻֪֮бҪɵҵҶСûиΪ̰һ㣬ñգȻǰķ˶˹ȴҪһˡ
ȻһЩģǺҶСָٶǼ֮ġǰɱ˲֪ٵħޡޡʱϸ֮мòţǬ֮Ҳȥ˵ħޡ޵⣬ϵǬ֮ҶСҲûȡ¡ҲȥЩͶص֮󣬽⳾ȥˡʱֻҪмֵ֮Լ±ɣ㶼ָʿˡ

ʵǰҶСһսʶ֮ȻĲ˲٣˲Сȱաʱ־һ£ڵĸʱԵֳ˲״̬
ҶСոտʼʼϸ֮еֱӲ֮УԻָΪ֮ʱȴַһ벻顣
һֱҶСڲ²ѾƽãҶСҲ̫ನĵɢҩٶͻȻ
ҶСֻоһůɢ۵һһɹɵůڸʳЩůҲǰҶСľߣһʥµķתͬʱҶСָ̲һ棬ҶСʶ֮ҲļȻһʶ΢ƾճ֣뵽ԼʶСͺʶһСһ㣬һεʶ㣬ϻ뵽ҶСʶ֮С
⵹Ǹ⣬ΪֻǶҶСٶѾáʮǱǸٶû̫ĲһΣȴٶȶȻ࣬һʼͬʱ̲ҶСʶˡѾɢҩֻѾʼһ׶ΣΪһֱûʲôĻᣬûɢѡ
ʵҶСҲǶڵ̫˽һЩյ˵һΪö̺ҶСôһ㡣Ҳ˵˵ڷ֮ΪΣڵΪóôһҲ㹻һԪӤʿȫΪˡ
ȻȫҶСڣȴδʼɢҩɢҲһЩƤëѡ
ʵҪӦһ֮Ӧ⹦ġ⹦ҲǶ֮вҶСлѧõҪ˵ѧ֪Ҳȫ֪ôġ


 ټ
ǰɢҩٶȿʼȶʵҶСԼΪйϵΪǰʮҶСڵһֱڼѵĶ״̬ڵûйȱĻᡣ
һֱɢҩӦһ׶ΣȴΪҶС񲻶ӦĹûŵһֱȶһ²ٶȡ
һ˵ҩɢҶСټڼϸ֮еĵΪڲʱ֮лָ߰˰ˡ
ҶСʱ򣬺Ȼкƺһһʶ뵽Լʶ֮жԽָֻоҶС׽һЩѣȴûȫԼһ˿Ī򵽵ʲô

һ֮ҶС觺ͱٶ̤·̡
ڰȵ֮󣬱Ǽȱİ˺޽֮ȡİ˺֮ôСΧ֮ڵΪ˺ļ֮ȴû̫ĵطıһЩħȵͼʿЩãҶСѾﵽԪӤڵʿû̫Ӱġ
ΪҶСѾȡ˱ڰ˺֮Ҳûκεֱͣǰֻص
ҶСĶݹԽԽԶȴ֪ո뿪ı֮пʼһ𶯣Ǳ·ײ㣬ȻĴš
ʱҶСܹټǱһֵĻᷢ־Ǳ·ɢ÷ŵɽ
ǧ֮ǰһʵһŵ֮ءȻ˵Ҳ˶觺ͱˡ
ֻϧҶСȻǵõ觺ͱȴ˵صһؾʧ֮ˡ

Ƭ֮ҶСѾֻص֮СƺûʲôرĽ޻ֻ֣ŸĹԽԽҶСҲ֪˴˵ؾӦѾֻصˡ
ͬʱʶ̽ҶСܹܵõ󷽵ʬѾڤпĴս
û˻õħ磬Ľ̾Ϊһħսӳ֪꣬һսĵ統ҶС
һ뵽ֻصҶСܹܵõΧĿ֮һƣҶСܹ̽⵽ЩĹ֮еİ׹ʬǾȻл޸š
ҶСûзɳԶܵһǰӴϢ
ϢҶСĸоֳԸɽ󴨣԰󺣲ŻеСĸܡʱҶС֪ԭһ˵Ȼܹﵽ˾硣Ȼǰηʿ֣˵ȽףӴƻǵһμʶ
ò£ҶСҲ֪Ϣ֮һһɾӦħˡ
ҶСĿܹܵӴϢ໥֮ٽһЩǰܹõΪǶ˻ƴֳĸɫ
ʱҶСѾܹĸܵеһϢɢֱɱоٽҶСҲ֪ʱѾǱ֮״̬ˡ
ģϸ֮еҲԽĽҶСܹܵõֽǴʱȷǲ뿪ҶСϸΪΧΪħսʹΧĿ֮иֳ˸ǿҵлʣж佫вС𺦡

ھƷ֮УҶСҲò˻⣬֮ǰ¼绤סΡ
ҶСǰʱһߴͬɽһĺɫˣףֳһϵնš
ӽٶȼ죬ҶСҲ԰סĹ켣ֻżһ֮Уܹһ¡ÿһն֮е͸˵ն֮Ҳնһεĺɫǵ֮ԻᱻݲС
ҶСʶһ̽ŷǺɫĻεʲôǿռѺۣҶСʶո̽˹ȥҲΪʶԵǺɫĿռѺ۸˳ȥһ˿
˿ħˡΪ֮ǿҶСҲδ뵽ĵȻܹпռ䣬Ȼǵʶмǿƻ
΢΢ۣҶС񼫽Ŀ׷ħÿһΪҶСڲץħĳ켣նʲôҲȫûп
ҶСȥֻħҲ޷ٶȶնšǴɢϢȥ֪ҶС֪Ϊٶ̫죬ԼҲ޷Ρ
ҶСոյƬ֮䣬ҶСȥħڶն֮ʣȻħ˫ĿžͼħͻȻĵѺۣͺǱָץһľ޴Ѻۡ
֮ħԽĺȥ˾޴ÿ˺һôһƬ𶯡ͣ˽Ųʱ򣬲ŷ֮µѾͬӲһӲļ⾡Է
һ̣ҶС㷢֮һͻȻ֮һӰһ£һγ
ĿһһӰȻֻǿݵ֮ϣŵĺţΧŻһ㡣
Ȼֻһ˲ʱ䣬ҶСȴܵõЩħƺеġһ֪ıԴħģЩħƺѹһĸо
СˣɳƵӿдͷҲأֱ涢ħ˵ԵƬұ
Ļһ£˫۴ţ֮ɢϵħҲʼӿȫѹһ㡣
ȻЩīڵħԼǺʲôӡһѹ
Сӣˣ
ħŭ֮УȻ˵
˵Ǵֻص򡣾Ļ֮ʣҶСͻȻܵһرɫĸܡĴһԼָоȻûκεƫʱºȻ֮ûȻһƬزֽһƬɵĻɫһ˲䣬ҶСһռ֮С
ҶС֪Լֻص֮УֻΧʼ˾ѡΧĻɫǷһ׷
һ˲䣬ƻһڶֻ֮ɫɲ֮㻯һе֮
ˣҶС׹ʱ֮ĳǰЩµʬлָ֮еʶ֮ҶС޷ɵġǿӦþΪԴȪġ
ҶСȴҲ֣ɢģȴֻ·ĹֻصѡΧʣͬשʯľȵ޹֮Ҳɢ
ħƺҲ˾֮ҲΧ㳯ǰ̤һһ¡һƺҲ֮ǰÿһвͬҲ󼸷֮֡һѺ۽ֱնȥ
Ȼʩչ˷ڵʱ伫ݣȴ·˴һ㣬ܿѹϵŻһħ㱻ɫϢѹס˫צ֮ϸ۳ֻʵĴצ
ʱҶСעȴħĳǿһҲ漴ӦԺͷո֮ķ


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˷Ƽ򵥣йȴǼΪ֮ȻֻɫȴԭǴڸ֮еģ֮ǲܹģȴˡֻص֮ĴɫΪãӶ˲ԭܹյĻɫ
ʩչ֮ĳЩҶСʩչҪǿֻյֻɫȴҶСõʶ֮
һʶʩչ˷ҶС㳹ױסȫʶԼȫڸʩչ˷֮ʱľڡƺҲҶСϰҲ˿ҶСʶ̽⡣
ҶСԾɳڶոʩչ֮֮УȻʼ˷
ֻ֮кȻһɫĳߣǳڲϵţһֱһοռѺ۷׷״нضϣԾδܹǰС
գ֮䣬һѾԽеĿռѺۣΪٶֱ֮Ӷħĳ
һȻ˺ħͷ­֮ϡ
ȻǱűȳ˸ߴ˶ٵĳ̶ȣħĸɽһͬһֻսһ㣬ÿһȴ˿ÿһ£ħԳܡ
һĻ߻ħڱһ֫һ㡣Ǳն֫壬ҲԱֱӻ˻ɫȥ
ʩչģҶСʮֽӽĹֻǻɫʩչٶҲӿ˲֪ٱ
ҲҶС֮ͬյĶǻɫħ֫屻˴Ļɫ֮󣬻ʣĲƮɢȥҶСǰὫеʣʲô
֮ԶҶСķ棬ҲͬʱŲҶСķ档
ۿħѾд붼նҾԱ˻ɫ֮Ʈɢȥ۵Ĵɫڿʼɢȥ֮ȴǸΪŨĺɫһħʱʱ䣬·бøǿʢӡ
ޣҷң㾹ҲΥħ㲻к³ģ
ħʱĪΪûµ֫壬˺ȵͬʱ֮еŭԹ˿Ρ
ħɱ㣬һΪұȥΪЦȵݺ˵ݺңϲ½ҪһĿܡȴһΪ⣬δơһգһὫ޾
һ䣬ͼƾջһצ֮ͼһצһɫצ۱նֱħնȥ
һЧħһ޶ĿռѺ۹ֻʱʩչħЩˡ
㡭
ħո˵һ֣ͼΧĿռΪ֮һһˣʱдϲʱֳִȻԼľǵˡ
ȻǿռѺۼ֮ʱȻħǰһĻֵһ
֮ˣҲ㿴Ѿ˼ݺΣ㲼˽ΣצΪ̲֮
ǰҲȣŭȵ
С
Ҳ˵ֻ˵ĸ֡󣬱ĺɫħԽŨ֮ķ֮䡣˶һźƵС
ŨҵĺɫħһŨܵ޾ʹһ㡣Ȼδ߳һȴõڿпʼҷƺʮʹ࣬Ĵײһ㡣

ϵħԽŨҲ̲סһȴʵʹ̣Ϊŭ֡
ǽţȴȻֹ֮ͣҷɡħηβϵʴ֮˿
֮裬ᣬصٱ
ֻ·Ǵ֮һһֵļһ仰Ȼᶨ֮ȴЩóżʹࡣ
ֱһ֮̾Ҳδʲô·ͻȻٵʲôҲΪûа취
Ǿһ̣ħ֮ǵȻɢһֱȥֱڤᴩ˹ȥڤһΪ
Ϊ̫Զ޷ֻصһҲһĺĻڤ
ȻִԲұ㻭ΪΣƽаɣ
֮еǵٶȴԭĻĽƣ仰֮⣬ƺ޷뿪ֻصΧˡ
һ䣬ǵɢȥͬʱ֮仹ħ
ħ֮ʱǺһ֮⣬ҲδǺݺݵĿҶСһ֮ۡ£ΪҶС۵Сʿ
ܴ޵ĺ⣬ħϵҲòصħ֮

˼ƽϢҶСҲѴ֮ǰʩչ֮֮
˽֮ٶ
Ҳ֪ٶж죬ҶС֮еĸڣԼֳ߱һһ˲յǸŻһźӰʧ
ҶСһԣϵĺѾɢ޷ٴҶСϸ֮УðΧĸ;ȴ˫̧ʮָۣûκԣֻԶͷഥš
·ʱһ˲֮סˣһֱһҲһ¡
ȥһƲлֻ꣬ǾҶСϸ֮ܵľӰʵˡҲûʵ壬˾ҪӵҲ޷ġ
ˣҶСҲԽ𵱳֮ʱԼģԣ˴ʱĸоҶСҲܹġ
ܿ죬α㿪ʼ˱仯צʼȥ仯Ϊε̬
ƺҪһҶСҲߵԶһЩ˸ط֮ǰʩչ֮ǴСġ֮ǰһ˿ǸоԼҪͻơ
ĵ֮ҶСҲû˿ģʲô֮඼δã㿪ʼ
ҶСһ£㳹׳Сǰ֮ҶСڱʱչãһһϰԵȫûй˼ʱĲš

Ҳ֪˶ãҶСһֱԼһ֮С
Դһεĵɢҩٶȼ֮ɢٶȱδʹҶСǲΪҲšȻʱҶСĲԼΪֻΪ򹦷ѣΪڲϵš
һڵ֮ϣҲ֪ǺԭҶС֮Χ澹ȻЩ΢ı仯ҶСһɢϢȻӰĿռ䡣ȻҶСԼʱԴȫ֪
Ϊߣϸ֮еľҶСӰڿʼֳ
Ϊ仯ҶСĿ֮жмҪֻ֪ص֮дֻɫȴû뵽ȻиıģⶼǶһв
ʱһĹȥҶСɶı仯һֻ֪һĵȫԼ֮С


 ٽ

ҶСƺҪֹͣĺһոպһתһ
һһ֮䣬ͼҶСļȻɢİɫЩһֱɢҶСΧһҵķΧֹͣ˼졣
һ̣ҶС֮󣬱㿴õΧԭΪӰɫֱԭĻҺɫڣҺɫɫ󷴶ŨһЩ
ЩҲ֮øӰһЩʶ̽飬ᷢǰɫȫʶ֮ɡһ˲ҶС㽫Щȫ뵽ڡ
ţҶСҲֹͣ˫ۡ
˫ĿͬʱҶСȻ̧֣˫趯תַһץ˾֮̽󣬾Ȼƾץһš
һϡţҶСǲɸֳһĨЦݡһģ㽫ɢȥ
һεҶСȻ
Դֱ֮ӼȡɫΪãôҶСӦҲԡһεȻҶСܼȡСǶǰ˵ȴʵı仯ӴԺ˶֮⣬ֱܹȻ֮еһ֮ˮʯľȵȡ
ڸոյķΧޣȴΪҶС¿һȴšµķ
ֹͣҶСŷԲԶվһˡʱһȥŷ˲ǱģǵҶСһͬ޺ħ޹ʬ
ˡڵ㣬ɡ
ƺҶСãһҶС㿪˵
ҶСҲûʲô飬űȥ

֮ؾҶС֮ԶԲƬ̾Ѿ
ݵʱ֮УҶСȴѾ֪ԼһȻǹȥһµʱ䡣ѹֻǱڵȴԼڤ֮ս֮ǰѾˡ
ȻʬӵرȴǱڤ֮еħʵ̫ࡣһս֮ûйڤǷڼǰѾֻֻصѡ
ЩʬȻһֱתȴҲƣܹڶʱת̫εġ
Ȼڤ֮еĴҲʲô춯ʱƺ·γһȻϣ˺ħǰڤǲͨһֱȥôڤǱռֻǸʱѡҶħΪҪǣڴ˴ôҲжħͨ·ңħ޷κΣ֪˭ܹѹơ
ʱҶСһԵҲԣģҲ֪Ժ󶼲뿪ˡ
Сӣôˡ
һҶС񣬱ƽ˵Ȼ֮м񣬿ҶСȴҲ֪Ըܹ˵м֮ѾףͱָʲôˡѾ֮е鶼֪ԲŲδ
Щһֱǰ鷳Ǹм
ҶСҲǿ⻰ȴʵġЩûҶСҪ޷鷳
ôľ˵ˡû뵽ӹյħūеĹϵڵΪǲҪȥ뽫ˡǾӹΪң빻Ҫ˲١ΪյħūΪƵ˵ġ
ҶСеԤϵõǼˣʵ׼δлʲô̫˳֮¡ȻҶСƽδֳʲôر𣬿ҶԨ֪֮꣬Լ飬ҶԨѾһеǰȥѰˡҶСһֱϵڣѾԼܹܵޡ
ԪӤڣһԪӤڱҪȥҶԨѾԼµ
ҶСҲùľΡѾʱ֪ҶСξҶСˡǾġ
ҶСĬȻǰֱħġ㿪ϸĽ͵ҲǵħʿħѾµʱսҲȻȥǳֻصֱɭ޵빵ĵ̣һ뿪ֻصأ⵽빵ڤֻħռһСռѣħ֮еΣձҪ˲֪١˵ܷŽ뵽ħ򣬾ǽħҲԼҶԨġˣڵΪҲ޷ȳġ
֮ԳΪˣΪŸΪӵСҶСһԣȴǸиˡи¡ȥҶԨѾҶСҪԼҶԨһȻ֪û̫ϣҶСȴǷĵ׵ȥһ¡Լһ·ԪӤڣ֪˶ĥѣһδνǻΪģֻԵÿÿ˾֮ʱܹΪģ·תԣһΣҲҪȥһΣ˵׼ǲܹҶԨȻҲܹҵʲôҶԨ֮
ҶСĻȴǲֻл˵ҶԨһĻĻ깲ͬİѾԻ̸ۣӭУֱټȴ˴֮䲻ʶ
ȷǷҶԨȴΪ˵ħūԼǶӡΪһĹߣʹԼ֪侳ȴȡ
ʵʯνԼᡣ
ҶСȡ֮ԸȷҲһᶨɾ˼ᶨ֮ģȴҲôĥѾʯȴһĳ鴤š
ݺݵҧȭͷ߬ԽԽ
ԵĽ֮УռϷ硣
УڵȴҶСչҶСԼһˣȻҲߵһһʹһǿһĳɳ˿ļܹ㹻صĵӡ
һؿ֮СҶСҪԼȴһֱһؿ֮СֲأֲκˣԼȲҶԨҪֵģҲֻԼǲǿһؿ֮УҶСҪһֱȵԼҶԨȳָǣŻһ
ĺһڴһƳȥҶСͷ·ڵͺһ㣬һͷӵż־֮е޵ĵͺ

ҶСٶȻָ糣
һֱԼ˵лλǰ㣬Ȼס
ƺǾӹ档ûмӺ㣬Щôѵʶ
żֺζʵ
ʶǸӹʱ֮Ҳʮ֡
ҶСѾµνľӹӦþǵʱǸռҶԨԼ֮ˡ
ЩʲôϵҲ˵׼֪ǾӹҲһʿҲħħ֮еģ
֪
ҶСƽĻص쳣ƽΪʱֻʶĻظһ䡣ȴڷϵԼõĸϢ׷ӵһϢϵҵеĹϵӹȻħʿô˵ĿԼЩʲôϵҪԴһˡ
ɲΪͨˣΪλҶС֮ãȴ̹һ湦ˮƽ޹ʵĸԼִԼжݷɲˮһ񾭾˹֮ǸѾתˡ


 Ұ
ֶһҲʿĸ߽ħޡӹһ飬ƺʲôҶС񿴲ϵΪλǡǡѡԼϣԼŸոճȴǡǡӵеռ
һеһУ·ڤڤ֮жʲôϵҶСʱȴȱһߣܹǴ

Ͼڤ֮д꣬ħ֮УԼħʱΪϤ֮󻹶ҶС˲ٹħ֮ҶС顣
ԼѾҪôȥչȻħսҪסڤһȴûôˡǸٰʮûġħħͼʹħеħǿʼսֵ֮ȥȴƫƫҪǵļƻ
ڤǣֻҪû˺󲿲ӵ֧Ԯֻǳˡ
ռһ򵱹Īһ㡣ռݵģǡǡħΨһͨħӡжΧҲûа취飬Ȼǿļһһɱôھû˵סڤСһЩãҪħǻ˵áǽͨ·Ȼһʱǻͷټ˱һܱˡ
Ҫ֪ħܹԽʩչһЩѾˡ½Ѿʮѵ飬ҪŽƷû̫ϣ
ȻҶСܹټ뵽ħ֮УҲûټයڤ塣ڴҶСҲ˲ٵջ񣬶һһ¡Ҳȴһ׮Ը
Һ˿ԼķҲҪҶСϸ֮СҲ˵һֱҶСһ𣬰ҶС֪ٴεҪֱˡ
һΣҶСһν֮󣬾˼Ƭֱ̡Ӹ֮⼸֮ҶСһֱڼ֮û뿪ΪԶ⼸ҲʶһһȻֻǼʱ䣬ȴҶСѹõʡȻҶСʾҲ޷ġ
һգҶСڽΪԼʶͨ͸֮󣬱Ƕ˴ˡ

ǰǰеġ
ҶС֮˵˼֮󣬱ֱ⣬˵Լ⡣
һ˲ҶСദãͻȻֱ𣬵ȷЩᡣ˵ѾûʲôҪָ𣿡
ƺǰѾֱͬķǰĹѾû̫ˡʱѾûʲôˡ
Ǻðɡһ˵һóöҶС񣬲˵ʵ֪зֱһգ⼸ҽһЩֹ֮ĵһЩ֪֮ö֮С˿ڽֹ֮Բöеĵ򣬴˿ȫȻͨ͸֮պ֮û㣬Ҳӵġ֮ȻǽˣԵȴȴΪɱΣûʱ̵պҪʱĪҪԻˡȻԺҲΪһöȻû̫֮ȴҲѰѾʧ˵֮ҽɡ
öֶ֮ҶСеһִֲиȻǻ¡ִ̫ţЩƫִƫִִ֮Уձԡʶġִ顢ֱִԡձȻиɾͣɾͣҲδܹõҪ֮
˿Ͱױ˹ǶҶСȴûʲôµģΨһġʵҲ֮ʶҶСΪԵһص㡣ִҲһ˫нһҶСܹΪĿ겻иƴŬһȴҲΪʧԣΪƫִĿ֮Сԣ굱лᣬᰵһҶСܹ΢ıһЩЩִŵԸ񡣿ǴӴԺȴ㲻òȻȫ˵ҶСպԼ˼ˡ
˵ȻǼΪ׽֮ǲ˿еģҶСͣڶȴǲЩжУҶСҲֻȫܣμУպʱʱ̿Լ
μǰ̻壡
ҶС񹧾ʩһ˵δйʦ񣬿ȴһֱͬʦһ㡣
˵Ľɿǹˣ
һΣʵ
ǡǹˡлǰ⣬֮ڵȴչȥԲܹٶڴ˵ˡ
ҶСصҪչԼȻΪҪ˲šҶСţܲĶڼ֮ǰԼ룬ϣҶСܹȻҶСպչżĺôڵҶСȻǲӦġʩģԶԼȥȥõĸΪʵڡ
΢΢ۣҶС񣬶΢΢һЦ˵ãȻѾұҲǿ㡣Ҫ֪˵أӵֱ֮šҵʬ磬̤ƽֻǳ飡ССħ򣬲ұɽոħƽ֮ʱҵĴϮ֮ʱ
һԵĻϲЩ𾪡ȴȫȻ֪һ㣬ԵҰģȷ˶ԵֵġҶСദã֪츳ѣܹţǸ漣˶һʮֲֿĴڡѾһ֮·ֻҪҰģôûʲôܹġҶСҲ˵Ϊ츳Ҳȫ޷ȵġ
ȻֻǺƸ֪ҶСԼҰĶѣҶСȴ֪Ļﵱввɷ֡ȻҶС˲ܳΪԼˣǵ˵Ĵڡ겻ʱ⣬ҶСѾӽڽ׵ԪӤڣչȥȷһ֡
ҶСȴֻǵһЦƽ˵˾䣺֮еȴǰĴһˣ
˵꣬ҶСʩһ˵ǰµĹ⼸յĽ̵岻СΪֻٴΰл
ҶСĻ˵꣬һʩ
ҶС㣬ЦݣЦ֮ȴ˲ҶС˿ףȻǱԼ֮⡣ǰǲҲ˵ǲ䲻ȵĻش𣬷ڶ˵ˣյĴҲ˼ȻˣôǱպǵжӪ˼
ããã
ҶСһ󣬶ҶСֱ֮Ҳһֱվñֱ絶һĿ˿ӱܻ䡣ֻǴЦ˼ã
Ը⼸ĵĽҶСʣһ֮չ֮ĸм֮⣬ʵ£ҶС֮⡣ǰֻԼãû£ҶС˼Ǿڤ֮е֮У֪ʲôҰģҪ֮ġ
ڣҵǴ֮еĴŶΪƣħ֮е߽ͬʿ޷ٵ硣ȻǴսĻ


 Ȫ
ȻѾ˵˵زҶСҲٶ˵ֳһ񣬱תȥһţֱӼжݷԼĶݹ⳯ڤǵķȥ
ҶСٶȴӰȡ˺ཻ֮ı֮Ϸɹ֮ʱ̲ס·šȻ֪֮оʹŸ觺ͱڵʵȴ޷һˡ
ҶСɹʱ·ɽɵ÷һҶСոշɹȥʱ򣬾ǱıҲΪ֮΢΢һһȦȦ
΢״ҶСȴ˿δܲ
ǾħʱȴѾ˴ʬȻһεĹ֮սĴʱȴճδϾռ֮вȱٹǣֻҪ㹻ʬ壬㹻ʬЩʬȫҳĲ¡
ûжãҶСѾٶڤǸ
⼸Ѿٶȼ˱ﱸŶڤǷһεĽڤѾǳŽգҶСӳǱ߷ɹǶҲᵣ֮࣬뿪ǳصġ
ˣһҶСǿԴӽۿһ𺳵ĳǳˡ
ȻҶСԾڤǺܽľ˹ȥǳеħȻҶС٣ȴδʲôֻǶڤǵķ棬ҶСһһȴҶСڤⶺһ֮󣬱㻯һԶˡ
ڤǣǺųȪ·ˡ
ҶСǶȪ·ٶȪ·ϣͣ˶ݹ⣬վȪ·ϣһͷβ֮
ͬʱ֮䣬ҶСҲʶ̽ŽֵĻȪ·ǴҪȪ·ĸܹʵִͣѾ˵˴ʲôرá漰˿ռ䴫֮ģӦòʲôضĶȴ˿εķֻҪȡһ㡣ƫƫģķȴûܹΪУŲһҲܹ
΢΢˫ḧǻһĻȪ·ҶСȻִʱԼȪĸо뵱ЩͬԺ֮кȻһԼһ뵽֮еĶʥ̥ࡣʥ̥൱Ƕڿռ䴫ͷиãȪҲڴʲôáĪʲôϵҲǰ˺ȵҲǸ֮ʲô˵Ĺϵ
˼һתҶСȻ⼸Լչ
⼸ҶСѾʼܹһЩҶСԶ֮ΪɹҶСյҶСѾϲƫ֮ȻҲֻ֮һʱĹȴ޷ڡյģҲǽħޡѡҶСǲͬյΧȻ޷һʱĹ֮УȴԽյڣԼΪ
ȻȪ·˼ӲҶСķɽնҲ˶һ顣ô֪Ƿܹʲô仯
һ뵽ҶСٻʯ˿ػԼߡԼ񣬿ʼȪ·
ʱҶС񻹲֪ʱ뵽һ뷨ȴպ˾޴Ӱ졣
Ȫ·ȻǼ᲻ɴݣǷɽҲκβҶСһʩչ㷢ִҶСµĻȪʼһɫһҶСȥʱҶСµĻ㿪ʼһʧȥ˻ɫʸУΧԱߵû̫ʯȪȻãҲ˵ȪʲôĿʯ֮࣬ʵҲĳָľۺ壬ͬʯһ֮ֻγĲѡ
Щɫһ뵽ҶСڣ㿪ʼ֮еʥ֮תһ뵽ҶС֮СҶСʶ˿Ӱ졣һƺĳֽӽӰĶ
֮ҶСΧķΧ֮ڵĻȪѾױյȪ·ϣҶСΪģΧγһԲεΧһʯͻı仯ڸ߿Ҳúԡ
ôķΧѾҶСյΧˡգȻǿԻһλüġҶСԴ˵̽͸ڻǻȪ֮Ƿʲô仯Ǿڳ֮Ҳûзʲôر֮Ҳ֪ȪΪҶСյ̫٣ԿЧΪҶСûҵԵĺʷ
Ȫ·ǰ󿴲ͷβ֮ҶСôһԺԲƵģͲ֪ʲôʱˡȻһЩȪҲûкҶСҲֻ˸λÿʼ

ҶСһĻλõգ֪֮УҶСһδεĶ֮ҲʼЩ΢ҶС֮УҵµľϡԵ˺ҶСܹͬʱȪ·ķΧѾһﵽҡ
ҶСȪѾգվͷȥŷԼѾмʮĻȪ·֮ĻȪ·ųĻȪ·Ǹ̵ľˡ
ҶСܹһֱֲϵҲΪڷΪգԼЩ΢ı仯Լ֮Ѿ˻һĹֳȻı仯ҶСûȪԼЩʲôӰ졣
Լһ·˶ĻȪ·ҶСҲ֪ܹټˡȻλεķȥû˹ܵӣʵѾĵ̡Լյ̫ˣҲᷢŭġȻһʱ֮䱻ӡ޷뿪ֻصͻƳҲ顣ҶС񻹲ھŭġοԼһ˶ĻȪõʲôҲ㹻ˡ
ջʯ˿ҶСٶ̤·̡
Ȫ·ԴʱѾһħ޻ǹˣѾ˻صڤ֮СԭȪ·̵ĴҲѾֻʣϡϡĲлѾ˵ġʱսʱħޡ޳֮ʱҲǼҵġЩʣµӦþǵߵˡ
ΪҶС񲢲֪⴫ŵԭҲ֪ÿһ׻ᴫ͵֮еĺδԱ㻹ǷɵڤʱĴλá
ﱾǾڤԶλãҲʣµĸˡҶСȱǻصԼǷѾûдˡ
ҪֱӻصǲˣҵʱһĴҲҶСٵ㻹ӦҲ޷ͨˡ
֮£ҶСֻܹΧ˼šЩ಻ԶҶС뷨ӦǴͻȥҲƫʱλ̫Զġ
ħӰǳģɲԼһӴ͵ƫ̫Զĵطʲôطãֱӵ帹ô鷳Ĵˡ
Ǹո뿪ҶС̸ܵ˲㡣ڣ⴫һǱ̿ԿǴ͵ģҲµø롣
ЩҲѾáҶСΧҵļ֮˸ܹʹõģԾС


 
īھһĴţҶСٶһ޵Ŀռ֮СѾǵڶҶСҲûʲô̧֮һȻǰԶҲһš˳һŷȥ
ҶС˼һҪǴ֮ʱҶСȻԼǰһǰٶȿ֮ʱȻڸոԼԶһ֮ǰ
ͷһȻԼʱѾԶˡ
״ҶСԼҲ׵Ǻԭ
һ˼ǣҶС˼ٶǰһ֮ȴѾ֮λá
˳˼֮ҶСȻԼȻĪӵռ֮⴩еʱдΨһĸı䣬ҪԼѾں˲ٻȪԭˡ
Ȼµƺףֿռ֮ӵ⴫͵ƺҲûʲôáҶСȷµ֮󣬱Ҳٶය׼ǴŵһȥڳȥǷʲôãֻгȥˡ
һҶСǴųʱٶȼ죬濴ȥһīڵľֻ΢΢£ҶСȻзɳһ֣ҶС㷢мͷļ弶ҵ޺ͼħΧ
ã֮ʱûʲôرǿĴڡЩ޺ħҲδ뵽⴫֮лͻȻܳһ¶ɵÿ˾ʱǲͬģһͷһǸ壬˿ԥķҶС˹ȥ
ǸļǸģʱ˫צҲҲԾ֮˲Ǵ
ȻҲмʵϾֻǸļޡҶС񲻹һ֣̽ѾɳһɶľܾҶС֮̽ʣκȻʧȥ˿ƣһ±ҶСȥ
֮ޱһ㱻ҶСС
ת˲֮ҶСŷſƣǺ˳ȥ
ոǺ֮ʣҶСȻô˵صޡħ޶޷õʶ̽޻ιȥͬʱ֮зųһɾںܵҶСеһ˲ҶСȻʩչ˳ʶ֮˵صһϢȻء
޺ħҶС񲻹̧֮ʱ㽫Ǻ޽ҲҶСΪһŵֻȫ׼ʱƴȴֲ˿춯ǣǺ޵Ȼһڵ֮ϣҲ⼸ͷ޺ħǽһ
ҶСȻ֪ںδǼͷ޺ħո̧֣˼һȴֽ˻ȥһתתٷ˳ȥҶС뵽˶֮ʱһɽĶʱһǼͷ޺ħԸɽ֮СЩޡħΪ˴ΧĺǲҪģǽǸɽ֮һȴˡ
ǰҶСǼЩԼƵħ̧֮ѾȫɱˡǾڸոԼҪЩԿԼѾСĵɱ֮ʣкȻƣһԸҶС̫ɱ¾֪ΪΣ˼һתҲ˼ͷ޺ħ
һҶСʮ˵ģλǾʱĹԶһңҲû̫פءʱҶСĴѰ˷˲ٵʱ䣬Ҳ̫졣ع֮ʱȴû̫˼ɣжݷٶžʵǿһЩҲ޷׷Լġ
ȫٷ֮ʣҶСҲڿǻȪЩʲôáڴ֮еرռ֮еָоҶСȻԺ֮Уڵ֮Ҳر˼Σȴû˿áûһ˿ڴ֮еãҶСĶҲû˿á
˼֮ҶСҲֻաǻԼĸı䵽Щʲôֻպȥˡʵڱ֮˲ٵʥ̥ҲûпóЩʲôá
ҶСһ·ɵļ죬һ·֮Ҳû̫鷳żһЩ巢٣Է֮ĶҲ֪Ϊ˵ãֻæȥܹƥеȥˡǴҵǸ߽ޣҶСʧȥӰ
ǣı֮أԼĶ죬ķֲܣҶСһ˴ֵĺ˹ȥһĵֿҲδ

ҶСȥķʱǸ߽֮֮ʱǡɸ˱߽֮һͻ
ս֮ϣȻͻĹģ֮䶼ֻʮ˶ѡһȴ浶ǹʧȥ߽֮ʿǳפڴ˵أ˫ͳѾáΪս̫࣬˫ǵ־ȻҲ໥Խгˡгȴ˵Щʲôûֻ໥ˡ
ҶС巽ݹر״էһȥмǸ߽ģ
һ֣廹嶼ڵһʱ佫䵱Ǹǿޡ
һǿԮЩ޶ʱһ·ԼҲ˲䱻עʵһ㡣
˫ս֮ʱҲʤĹؼڡʱֵΪԡͬ˼Ѫƴʢ֮ʣȴȻ֮Լšһ˲ʿˣЩɥȥˣһ˲ʱ䶼⣬ս
һʢһ˥֮ʣۿЩʿҪˡ
ҶСԶԶıѾǰսʱҲ֪ԼӰ졣ǰû뵽ԼĵЧ˫ԼӰѡԼδ֣˫ս֮Ӱ졣Ӧһ֡ơ˫ս֮ʣû˫ԭСʤ㣬ҲȻܡ
ҶСĶ죬弴֮ʣҶСȻʿҲģʲô߽ޣǸʿ
һʱ䣬ոջ轵ʱʰơ
Ե֮ʣҶСҲ֮ǰǰ֡һֱӼ뵽ս֮У˼ʵǿһЩ޶
һǸСͻ˫ûʲô̫ΪʿΪҲһ˼޺һԪӤʿѡ
ҶСһ룬ʱһעǿʵ޼һҲһ˵֣ԲƬҲͽɱ˿ȥ
ս֮ЩʿҶСҲֻǸԪӤʿɵЩ⡣ʿǲս֮ˣ߽ʿ֮սҲв˼ԴҶСĶݹ˶ûֻԪӤΪѡ
ȹ龪ȣԪӤΪҲҵġοҶСֳսҲԶǸͷԪӤʿǿ˲֪ж١
ҶС񱾲යҲЩʿл֮󣬼򵥸ٶȴ·
ˡ֮еĳͻֳ֮١ô¹֮ҶСûٽ·ϣֱڵķȥҲҶС֮٣ȴ֮˵ע⡣
֮ˣҶС˵ԪӤʿ
ʿΪҲ֮һʿɹѾӵ˹ĿΪߣһ֮۴СֻҪҪ룬Կɻʿ飬֮ǰʱѾ׵ԪӤ֮ʱһ飬мǵٹ
ҶСΪЩΪټ죬һֱòû̫ĸı䡣ԪӤʿҶС֮ʱ㷢м죬ҶСʱΪѾԪӤڣһʱ֮仹ЩԼǸʵŵĲ²⡣


 
ҶСԶıӰ˵֮еҶСݣֳǱһ˶ȥܹ֮ﵽΪͬʱӵսȷǲ֮¡
ʿԼȻˣȻɳԼҲȫǵֵĵز֮⡣ͬʱ¼
ҶСҲδ뵽Լһ֮٣Ȼ⡣

֮ҶСѾٶȻصڡ
һγȥԶҶСԤҪʱ䣬ڵҲδ뵽ҶСôһ־ϲ
ҶСڽµöֱ𽻵˿ͰױУ˵Ѿҵڤ֮˸Ϊ֮ȡ
ûܹõҶСвûһҶԨͳȥһˡ˺ƣ½Ϊ룬һֱϲ;ءͻȻȥмֲᡣ֪ǻصߣҲΪˡ
ҶСֻǽԼŵľѣϸڲû̫͸¶ԼԼܾ֮ࡣȻƽҲջ񣬿ҶСĿ˵ʵʧܸա
ʵҶСҲȻѾصɣ㿪ʼٶȳΪ֮С
ҪȳҶԨΨѰµǵȵҶСܹӵʵܹħ֮ʱˡͬûʲôǿȴЦڤħ֪˵ĺħҲԣһнԴӵ㹻ΪսҶСҲӵ㹻ΪҲͲ˻Ŀһˡ
ҶС뿪񲻹µʱѣȻʱж̣ǶݵɺһȻʼֽС
ڵʿҲԽԽ࣬ԭɷ׷ɳ˸ԵľӢʿפ֮С֮䣬ҲĴСƽԵʿݵߴɶԭɽޣʼɵںϡȻֻʽںϣ˵ԭɹֻҪٹһʱ䣬ʱţЩҲȥǵҲֻһɵġ
ڵȻΪʿ̫࣬ʿȴһ츳֮ˡЩ츳ԲģҲйЩʲô̿࣬츳Ⱥʿǡ
ݵ磬ĸıšԭɣҲתΪһ˶սľӢɡ

УҶСȡϸ֮еͷڴСö觺ͱҶСԣԴҶС֮뿪ߣһɫװ
ҶСǰİУƯһѾҶСΪɽƷ̥һѾΪذ׵䡣
ҶСҲףǽޣ˵ӦüһɽΪɽġȴ֮󣬼ճ͸ǲذ׵䡣˵ҶСԭ뷨ҪһҲҪƷϵķɽŻΪɽġǶҶС˳һȴδҶСĽ飬Լ뷨
ִҪһƷвƷذΪҶСҲ޷ǿӸġֻҪذ׼Щȥ°ɡ˲֮£ҶСһ֮޷ġ
ȻȻѡҶСҲȥ֮࣬ϾԼѡ񡣵ǣҶСĽǶ˵ȴۿһƷԲһЩذסԣҶСõƷ觺ͱԼıɽ⣬ͬذ׵һͬ¼һ
ϾǵıذףҶСԼֲֻܹԼ觺ͱذУҶСЭѡ
ΪĵȻͣʵֻ´ѣʵûʲô̫Ѷȡ觺ͱͿܹնˡ
ҶСıɽΪǽ̥״̬δķɽҪ觺ͱ͸һЩ

Ҳ֪ɺɣÿһմѪûɫȻڻδЩʲôôʮġֻΪܹڵʱ̫һЩԵм
ҶСƾ֮裬ӦƵķ觺ͱ֮еһ˿˿İŵ佫Щһսذ֮С
觺ͱศ֮ǵڻûãƫƫ໥֮󣬿֮ʱﵽĳƽ⡣
ҶС觺ͱ֮еٶȿȥʵڴС觺ͱʵȴһֱûпóʲô仯
ϾҶС֮ʱСֻСĴָǰС֮ܹҶСһεõ֮Ļ治סһذףϾƷޣܹɵ觺ͱҲʮޡ
Ȼ觺ͱδʲô٣ǵȴѾ޷ټսࡣ
ҶСѾٱգҲֻþʹա
ٿȥıذ׵䣬ԭϸذʱƺøϸһЩͬʱз֮Ͽʼĵտͳɫ
һذڰ֮УСһǵڿ趯תĹ켣һɫĹǸ˼֡
ΪذײûѰɽһȷȽ׻֣ҶСҲ޷֪䵽൱ڼ׷ɽĵȼǵչֳƷȻȴǰ˲١ҲƷɽŶԡ
Ȼ˼Ʒ︨֮Ļʵ̫һЩܹɵ觺ͱޣƷҲߡҪٽƷףҲֻܹȥѼƷıˡ
ȻҶСЧ⣬ƺѾܸˡС죬±̲סŵڿлһĹ
ȻȥƷײߣҶСȴ˵ʹõ֮ʱ˻û֮һԡһ֮Ǳ֮ڵȻһ˲֮˽롣ЧѾѰɽܹӵеˡ
˿ټϵǻԣȻƷ׵һЩȴҲ֪ҲʲôƷ
ˣ˼֮󣬱㽫˻ҶСһЦС㿪ʼɽɣһԵ㡱ŵ˵һ߼š
ƵѾǵһΣһҶСֻҪǱճأ㶼һԡȵȣһԣʱ;һԣʱҲһȴᱣ֤ӲŵҶСֻǾĴһԶѡ
ˣҶСҲȥԼߡ
ʵҶСղǳ⡣ܹߵʱʵ֮٣Ҫ˵ѹʮʱ֮ڣҲĵҲոѹЩӡ
ҶСط֮ҶСĽ֮˱ҪĺˡҶСֺγֻĴɽˮ˼ʳ
ʱҶСҲ룬ǷĻһ죬ٴò֮飬ʱԼΪڵ飬ӦñԼûϧеʱ䣬úɡ
һ;̰ͼ˵µ죬պҶСĵıпܷŬһЩôҲ˵ȫⷢٿԽ䷢Ŀܽ޶ȡ


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֪ж֮ΪȴҲδĿ֣õԼҪĶ
֮·ģ޵֮£֮·Ȼûյ㡣ҶСУ۹⣬ȴҲԿͨ͸ס

ĵȻ䵽״ﵽʲô磬Ҫȵպȥˡ
ҶС㿪ʼʶʼԼıɽ
ʵҶСӵɵʵҲѾǧĸ֮жЩۣҶСҪһЩ֮ҲܹһЩȴûκһڶ֮е֮
ΪΪҲֻǽ𵤺ڶѣǵܹѼõһЩ֮ȻҲϡ֮統ȴǶĴڡҶСıɽԭƷ̥ķɽ֮ж۷ĴڡҶСԣǷɽˣҪɷɽһҪ֮еԣЩڸ֮еĶǷָ͵˱Ƿ۽ѾͬҶСȴὫ
ΪҪģǷɽ֮ҪʲôסҪٽϼˡҶС񻹲Ϊһʱ棬ӰƷ̥󽣳һյƷס
ҶСıɽǽ̥״Ȼս˲٣ôʱȴ¶˳ԷɽҪЩʲôףơҪ⽣̥֮觺ͱȴ򵥵öˡ
ֻƷ̥ܵҶСһ˿ָ˲ûΪһö裬ǽһת֮Ƿһ绡һ㣬ǵ绡ԽתԽ࣬Ľ˿Щ˿ŽתתɢµĸϸֵĽ˿һֱ󣬼֮жǱ֮˿ҪϸϼֵĽ˿
Ʒ̥ȫ飬ضĹɲһ𣬳ҵ˿ΪҲСԵʣЩ˿ҲʼɫĹԡһߵԭҶСɽ֪ҪãԼģȴ֪֮Ѿǰ쾰ˡ
ҶСֻǽƷֻ̥ѡƷ̥״̬ҶСҪ觺ͱȴҪ⽣ֻ̥ôס
ţҶС㽫觺ͱضķͶ뵽ŵĽ˿֮С
觺ͱһϵһ㣬ͬľһֱתŽ뵽˽˿ĴҶС˼һ觺ͱҲʼֻɢһ˿˿˿
ʱΪһĻ觺ͱ֮е˿һͬͬһ˿֮ϣһǽ˿ԮŽ˿һֱȥͬʱǽ˿һ졢ɫ
һ˿ȫ觺ͱ˿֮󣬱㿪ʼһ֮ظĹ̡
㿴ԭɫӨɫΪҶСӰɢâĽ˿һȾµɫĵмƵɫֻΪҶСÿһ˿ںϵ觺ͱڵ䣬ͨ͸ʵͬʱ֮䣬Ʒ̥Ľ˿ɢֻΪĵ⣬ں觺ͱ֮Щ˿㿪ʼ˺˪˿⾳
Ǳǰ쾰ڳһЩѣѾȻȻĸܵһ˿ɢֳ佣֮˿Ľ档
Ʒ̥֮ͨΪǽػؽ̥ҲͬһŰֽһһ㣬滭Щʲô˽ʲôģ䱾Ͳּ觺ͱȶ֮䲻Ʒ׻佣Ҳ֮ǷɽͬŽ̥ԽĽӽڷɽ
Ʒ̥Ҳ֪ҶСû˶ٸ˿觺ͱҪһںϡȻÿһںʱ䲻ãȴܲס̫ࡣҶСһ㲻֪Ҫöʱ䡣
ԭڴС觺ͱҶС񲻵ں֮УѾʼԽԽС
ҶСΪѾﵽʮ֮ߵľ硣ڿʼ֮ǰѾԼǿĽ˿жٸ觺ͱÿһҪ϶ٲܹǡǡȫõ
觺ͱױĸɾͬʱⲼҵĽ˿Ҳᱻȫ觺ͱֻ˿

֪˼գһԽ֮ĵԼ
ʱȻܵʲô춯ļȻ˫ۡ
һۣǡǡ觺ͱںϵһ˲ţҶСѾʼЩĽ˿Ϊ̬
˴ʱԭҶС񽫽ֻΪ˿ʱЩ֮⻹ûʲô̫֮ǴʱҵģҲǷ֮еĽ˿Ĵһŷ·ź졢ɫҫ۹âЩ˿׷׶ںǵ绡һڿк趯ţͬʱ뵽֮С
Լ򵥵ֻ֮Ҫ觺ͱֱͶ뵽֮УҶСȫۺϵһԡְֻ취ҪƷ̥觺ͱȫںҪһʱѡҶСڵȻ鷳һЩȫںϵʱȴǼ֮پųɡ
Ž˿ıջأĴĽâҲԽҫѾǽڵΪҲò۾ʱ֮жɫֲϱ任Ĺɫǡ
ɢƣ˲ûҲ֪ЩһջصĽ˿̺֮Ŷôǿ񱩵

ջؽ˿Ĺ̼ΪݣƬ̣֮бѾû觻Ǳκһ˿ʣµģֻƯҶСǰ֮еģֻȭͷСһö衣⽣ں觺ͱ֮ʱΪǵӰɢź졢ɫ󡣿ȫںϣٶȻع˽̬֮ȴѾٶȻص˵ģɢЩı⣬֮Ѿκεı仯
ڴ״觺ͱҶСƷ̥Ľȥˣȫ֮ȻֻӰһЩƶѣֳƷƺûʲô̫仯м־ȡҪ֪Ǳذ׵䲻˼Ϊϡٵһ˿觺ͱѣƷҲһҶСıɽҲƷȼѣ֮ྐྵȻҲŽǸıһƶѡ
˵ҶСҲδ뵽
Ǽûʲô仯ĽٶջصڡҶСŽı仯Լв¶˼ֿЦ
ҶСͣҲվߵҶСʵС磬ıɽôô觺ͱȻûʲô仯ǲǳʲô⣿
ҶСЦһ£˵Ҳʲô⡣û⣬觺ͱҲǳ׵ıںϵƷ̥֮ˡûʲô仯ʵҲܺ⡣룬һ֮еһīˮôӶᱻȾڡһīˮǵ뵽һڴףһСϪһ֮أ
ҶСıǳ׶᲻ҶСĻԽҲŹƷ̥˵֪ҶСıɽǸƷ̥֪䲻ȴҲû뵽侹Ȼǿ˹


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ô觺ͱѰķɽ֪ܹöٱƷɽΪƷɽҪ֪ԵƷʣֻһ˿ķѾ㹻ˡҶСƷ̥ȴǽе觺ͱ˽ȥȻҲûʲôı䡣˿ҶСıĲšǽǵһˮĻôҶСƷ̥ǰɱһ˰ɡ
˾ʵҶСıɽƷ׸Ӳһֻ֤֪Ʒ̥ΪûжԱȣҲûʲô̫ʵĸоֱڣҶСҲֱƷ̥뷲ƷɽжٵĲ졣
ҶСҲ˵ȼƷ̥һ֮գҪﵽʲô̶ȣ
Ȼ֤ҶСıɽӲȴָҶСһС鷳Ʒ̥δɷɽԼҪ϶ٷģҪʲôƷܹܹ֮˳һƷףҶСҪõһǹΪɽҲҪ۲С
һޣ䱾ɽóΪҪҪһЩһΪԵ͵ʱѾֵúܺˣȶ֮ƾһ߽׷ɽΪԶ֮ˡڵҶС񣬳ҪѰƷҩҩƵҩ֮⡣һ񣬱ͬҪҵ֮ԼƷ̥
ңҶСƷ̥ѾĵӣȻע˻ΪһһĿ֮ҶСҲṼѾ¶˾ģܹƷ̥֮еĶȻҪһ֮е
񽣡޷桱ʱעպĲ

ҶСڻص֮󣬵һ±ȽԼıɽĵ󣬱ǽ˶ټһ
ڤ֮ҶС֪ɱ˶ٵĹޡħޣЩޡħһ˹ħϣ϶ҲǬһĴ﷨ҶСڽǵʬͬʱ֮ȻҲһ˻˴ټǰҪ˿ʲôҪġ
ȻħʿܹʹãǴħĲȴҲǲ֮ֻҪҵ費ʦ죬Ƴʿ֮⣬Щħޡŵ顢ϵȵ֮֮ôҵõĶ
ǰҶСûпԼĶ涼Щʲôһһⷢ֡Щħޡ޵Ǭ֮ħĶ⣬Ȼ֮һʡȥ鷳
תһ룬ҲΪħޡ޵ϻĶҪ֪ڴǰ֮䣬֮в֪жٵررħǲ֪ʲôر𷽷ҵӶЩĶھɡ
ֻû뵽ȴǱҶС
Ƿű࣬һӵĶ۾
ҶСר޽Զﲢ̫׷ԷﾡԱԹֻ˼ҩöҩӺƿħĸƷ׵ҩѡģ㾡ѡˡ
ʵڳ֮˽ҶСΪ׽֮ˣ˿ذޱױ֮ûʲôˡȻԶɽ⳾ҲڴеġȻҶСĹڻԩ𣬿ڱҶСԪ֮ҲѾΪҶСšǵʵ֮һҶСҲ޺ġ
Щ˶áҶС뷨ӽֻר޽ѡҲ󣬶Ķû̫Ҳǿһѡ˼ȥЩصķ֮㲻ٶۻڶ౦࿴һˡ
ȻˣԼʵ֮ಢ̫ҶСȴܵģǵҩǱذ׵ƷԼѾǰͷ

˿ޣ֮֮費ҪѡˡҪ֪֮ȻսȽ˲֪ٱܴﵽȴǶֶġĸãս֮еĸãڷķķȵȸֻÿ˽Լͬ뷨ⷨ˼⣬ĸӦü޷
ˣ˿ⷨһѡһһķ֮⣬ǻҵһ졣
ֻ˿һ죬΢΢ͷĿת˼ʲôһ㡣֮󣬺Ȼ΢̣תһ򣬾ԹԵЦһЦ뵽Լܵ뷨һ㡣
ǡʱҶС˿˿ҲҶСĿԣвĿ֮дš
˿ԼЦݣżСŮ̬ҶСҲ˸ЦݡҶСƽضȻȴǼһһͲ˿˿ֲͬһСŮһյҶСƨɺ棬ż֮࣬ԼֳչءҶСƽʱ¾ҲġˣҶС˿мκǸ⡣
ֻǣٿ˿Ŀ֮峺⣬ҶСеǷʱͷǸα㶼ɢȥ
ںҶС˻Ҫ˵ΪҶСģ¾˿Īˡ
ֻһ˲֮һ񣬱㹻ҶС֪˿û˿ĹԼ
ʱҶСֻ˿Ϊ޽ֹ֮ѡһ졣һֱ֮ٶҪ뿪ɵʱ򣬲֪ʱѡһȴΪԼѡ

ذޱԦ֮ѡĽһЩԦ֮֮ѡҲЩѰĲ϶ѡ⣬˼Ԧ֮պ
ذޱѡ˼칦ҶС˿Ѿ׵ԪӤڣԭĹѾȫˡҪ֪֮ԪӤԺĹʮѰ֮û˴ڣԼҪʮֲ׵顣
ҶСʱȴҲû˵ЩʲôֻԼ¼

ױСΪе͵ʱҶСǼκεķҲΪܹһֱԼΪսͳһֱҲʹڡֱڣҲѾǽʿΪˡһ˲ʹ÷
ˣϵķҲٵġӵиķһһ˶Ķһѡ±㻨ۡ
Ǻѡ˼ʵģݡ
ںҲΪޣǰĶȴֻѡһȥħ峤ûȥĶˡ

˶Լѡ֮ҶС㽫ʣµĶԶɽ⳾֮С
ҶСԪӤڵԶɽΪ츳δ̫ܵӦȵ֮ҶСȥ㶼ȥġԶɽԪӤڵΪЩ
ôĶʵɣɵʵвС
ڣȻǱŸԵĽơʵѾʼ˴ںϣڲõĽݱ㽫֮һɡɡԭɣҲֻһЩԺѡ
ݵںѾʼһʱ䣬ɼںϵĹ֮УҶСѾܹеõЩԼӵķˡ٣ڳԼļҪƷҩﶼҪԼȥˡңӵԼȫҲҪ಻١


߾


һ ϧ
ɱһףΪɱһ˶ȥһɾͲôˡܹɱɣҲ綼顣
Ͼ֮Ǿ֮¡

֮ĺܳһʱҶСһֱ֮бչزǰԼرС
ҶСһ뿪֮ǰѾһЩӽԶɽиҶСȡһЩƷҩѰһЩƷҩϵӡ֮඼ԡھôʱԺԶɽȻҶСһЩҩ
ֻʯôƷҩļֵǶڶݵ˵ҲԸ߰һ۸񡣶ӵдҩȴδػԸ۳Ͼҩҩֶ˭õġԼҩֻǽĻͷˡͬͬȽ׵ҩҸȡѡ
ҶСصɵЩԶɽѾʼ½ĸҶСһЩƷҩƷҩӡҶСħޡõҩȻҶСչöƷҩ⣬ҶСĳħµĶҵһƿҩȻǵҩħõģȴóĵҩҶС֮ͬӦҲǿʹõġħ嵤ҩҶСҲ볢һЧġ
½ħ嵤ҩ´һ£ȥħҶСֱʹˡټöƷҩƣҶСҲ˲ٵʱ䡣
⣬ҶСҲһ֮⣬Ҳһ߽Լħޡ޵ʬΪϸ֮СһҶСպֻרˡһɱ˲֪ħޡޣвħʿȹҶСϸ֮еʶ֮ҲԽԽ
֮⣬ϸ֮лһšһĶвͬΪһ빵İָһħİָ֮ѾֵħʿۺһˡӴˣҲóħʿħ֮ʵѾȫͬһȽˡҲ˵ԪӤħ֮ʵҲ֮ͬġŵĴС֮⣬ħָ֮еҲҪĸŨࡣ

ģҶСĹɣݶʼߴɵںĸֲƽ֮СҲʼµƣ֪ɺһѾע֮¡Ѿеõ˺ôҲͶʼת˼άɵĽޣԸɵںϡ
ҶСȴҪȥǡʵҲҶСõ飬λڱ«֮еʥ沿䵱УŵĴ֮Щ֮ʥ沿䵱Ҳܹȫںϣб޷ʹãǼʲô¡
һΣҶСһʥ沿䣬ܷлὫЩʣµ֮С
Ϊ«޾ɵľԶҶСҲԵ֪ʥ沿֮еΡҪ֪һ뿪֮ʱʣΪħ֣ʱλҲòʥ沿䣬ȥĸɡ˾ȻϿȥѾֵʵǿħ˵ѵİ취Ƕʥ沿˵ȴֺγҡͷѣֻ¾ħټʥ沿Щʿȴûôˡ
ý֮е˽Դ׵֮ҶС׼ٴ̤·̡
ֵ˷ֱ֮ʣͱ֮ͬա
С硭ȥأ
ҶСд͸֪Ҳ׼˵ĸ˵Ҳ˵Եٱ֮ʷûʲôҪ˵ˣֻǼ⼸֡
ֻȥ̽һ̽ѣʲô̫Σգ̫ĵġ³ɻǲɣ
ҶСͷ˵
˵ҶСתͷذޱ˵ޱö֮мһЩԦ֮ĹһЩѾȫϣ
˵⻰ҶСóһöݸذޱ֮еĹȻҶСæȥˡֻԦ֮Ҳ˽⣬ļҲɥʧ࣬ԼǵõԦ֮Ҳ̫࣬ͬʱȱǾˣӦöذޱҲвٰˡ
ذޱǿԼ޵ĹѾûʺԪӤԺġϾɴ֮ʱû׵ԪӤڣȻôĹˡ֮ǰҶСûħޡ޵Ĺ֮еҲҵ˼ֻ֮ϧȴҲûʺĹҪ֪ħ죬޵ĹȻ졣ЩħԦ֮ɫذޱ޷ġû뵽Լ鷳δҶСѾǰ뵽
ʶһ̽Ȼм˲ٵԦֻ֮ǿϧЩԦ֮ĹҲƣǿ书֮࣬ҲҶСԴµˣҲ֪˲ٵĹ
лˣ
ذޱиж纮˪ҲһЩģһл֣Ѿô䣬ƴżִ⡣
ЩȲպҿܷȥһ
ǺҶСȥҲԴʱҲ衣
ذޱһֻǵ˵ͷûٶ˵һ˫峺Ĵգ֮䣬ʱֳһ⡣ԭºһĿ⣬Ҳһ֡
СÿζǶһΣҲж㣡ҶС˿һЦױһóѡ죬ߵҶСǰ˵һѡ죬˲ٵħһЩ𻵡Ѿ޸ãеħ㱾ѡһЩ죬ȴһֻõĵͽ졣ұ㽫һ£Чԭ׺ϲ֪ٱЧΣ㵽ʱԼһԱ֪ˡ
ҶСոսӹ죬˵ͼױҲ΢΢ͷһ˫ˮĴ۾գգ͵ҶС˵С磬Ҳм㣡
ױ˵֮ʣҶС񻹷ĺЦݡ
ðʲô
ҶСױǵǸһǸС˵ҲмֺǺСһѵõᡣ
ţǿǧļ롣˵⻰ױȡһֻۺɫĳ룬ʾˣֽ˵СûʲôǿսȴҲһֺǿԸܵںη֮˴ʱΡֻҪСԼѪ뵽һΣܹǧʱǧСûɢͬζζõĻζС鷳ƣɢ̱ǵζһȻǲܹʱСߣǼλȴʱ֪Сˡ
ǷۺɫĴָСĳ룬ҶСû뵽رĳӡҶСϰʲôһ˿ţԼʲô˳飬ҲԸԼһĵġӵãҪȥѪʵǲԸġ
ż˵Ŀ⣬ѾҶСָһ΢СͬâĽâȥֻϧҶСΪǲĽȥնҲն˵ġοһССĽâ͸ѴҶСļˡ
ðɡ
˰ױ˿Ŀ֮⣬ذޱз·Ҳ˼ϣġҶСջǴӦ
ʦԺҪÿһЩ
ҶСЩԸģһЦֻһ˵


Ķ ػʥ
ţǧ滹ǺҲģ
ױҶСӦҲܿġĻתͷȥգգֻۣعͷ˵
ѹֺһʼͺܹЦţԭΪ
ҶС˼һָ⼡ԼһѪҶСΪǿѪҺһָ֮ϣȻ̱Ǻɫʯһ
ոսһѪڷɫĹ֮ϣͼ˳뷢˱仯
ûпʲô֮ƿǳԼһöһ㣬ѿ˼С죬չˡ
һɫĳ㳹ױһɫСһ㡣ȻСòѰҪ֪ɲֲֻСѣģԵЩˡ
һչ֮ǧɢŵζ΢㻷ڼ֮䡣
СССĸͷȻҶСһѪҺֻͨѪҺľѪ̺Ҳ㹻պʹõһˡ

˵һ󻰣ҶСٹය̤·̡
һ뿪ɣҶС¹õƷΣѶҶСԼδȥעֻ֪ٶԼԽеĶ޼㹻ˡ
繺ȵѾҪԼȥΪˡ
ҶСѾʼܹᵽЩ΢ӵԼĺôȻܸܵĻ΢΢ģɵ׳ҶСԼܹõĺôҲԽԽ
ҶСҲǹʵΣֻֽҶСȻˡپͱȵ˲֪٣һεʥ沿ʱҪС΢춯˻ɡ

֮ϣһֻһ㻯һ⻮ɫ׺ǵҹա
貵ҹ·ѾһƬѩŵĴءӳǹ⣬ɫĹԡ
ҶСڽ뵽˱«޵ķΧ֮ڡٶȼ죬Ǵ翴ȥҲ֪Ƿܹʹô˵Ƚףҷӳ˶ٵһǲǷ֮ҶСһ·Ҳûʲô鷳ֻ֮࣬һ·רĸ·ѡ
̶̵֮䣬֮з飬ҶСУҲı仯
УҶСʥ沿ľҲڻš
ҶСЩģžԼ徹ȻڻıȡԽľмֲһļ֡
ҶСʥ沿ûôĸ飬ȴ֪ӦʥӰˡ
Ȼȥ˶꣬ڣȴɶԼĲ֮ĸ顣ѾȴɻӦ
Ǻʶڲ֮ҲǸ춯ˡ
ÿ˶ԼҪػĶҶСҲ㡣ֻİĲûкĹ㲩ҶСҪӻĲԼΪ׽ļ˶ѡԶûдﵽһ֮˵ĵزˣҶСҲмܹܵʵˡ
ԽһԭҶСѾܹʶпʥ沿ˡ
ҶСԼʥ沿ĸоƺҲʼĪıúԼҲڻǷԼľѾܵʥ޷Ӱ졣ȴ֪ԼѾ͵͵ǱԼʶеǸͷ׽ɱɾˡ

ҶС񿿽ʥ沿䣬δʥ沿ķΧ֮ڣȽԼԪƵۛgٻ˹ôۛg֪֮ʥ沿֮ı仯֮ҶСۛgзأԼŽ뵽ʥ沿֮С
ڼۛgʱҶСоȣΪ껹һ׳ģȴѾԲࡣȻһǿ׳̬֮ȴѾ˼ơԵı仯ۛgֻʣһֻ֣һֱ·װһ֫ȭͷ
ۛgȻҲʮҲûжΪԲŻˡֻΪƵĹϵʮȥмҲδҶСȴǱŶҶСһĹ
ۛgĿУҶСȻ֪֮ʥ沿ĲáҪӰȴħ壬Щʿġ෴ģЩħǰʥ֮ûٳֹЩΪһͬħۼĸʿǣȴȻԷֹħٶͨʥ沿ֵ«Ϊʥ沿֮вȥ
ۛgʧ˵һֻ֣굱һδʿĳͻʧȥġЩʿĸɻԼΪʿ̬ЩѾʥ沿˶¾ɾˡ
ھʥ沿ɵȴֻʣ˵ɻˡʥ沿˶ֻüֻвɵ֮ϡ

ҶСںνʥ澫Ѫ֮ʵҲʥ沿һԱˡ
ٴ٣֮ͨҲûκı˽ȥ
ҶСոսʥ沿򣬱㷢ڲȻûǰƺ֮еҲûǰǰ㸻㣬ǲ֮Ůǳ˻ǶͯΪǸǵͣһһͷʮģԶûҶСģʥ沿ھЩ֮󣬶еĵ
תһ룬һ˴һ겻ȥ֮ڵʥ沿˥ȥٴˡ
һҶСȥ֮ʱֻǽΪʱʥ沿ѾصעǱɡһλȴѾԪӤΪ֮ҲѾ൱ǵ徳磬ЩͬһȼĴˡһϢǺܿ㴫ʥ沿䡣
ûзɶԶҶСǰӭˡ
ǰһȺ֮УΪ׵Ϥһˡ̳ϡ
ǰҶСѾۛg֪̳Ѿʥ沿ĴϣԭǴϵĴȻڼǰˡ
굱ʥ沿䵱µʿ׵徳磬ʮϵλá
ʱתʮڣ˻ˡ
ټ̳ϣȻȣǴ֮ȴ֪̳Ȼǵǰľ䣬ʮ˥ϡƣ˲֪١
ϵλõ治Ǹ׵Ρ
ϣλϣ
ҶСɵǰʩ˵ܵʥ沿Դк˽ģǶġʥ沿ңҲм֮ͬġ
ȻӢ꣬Ŷ̶ʮ겻Ѿ徳磡̳ϼҶСƺʮֿģǷΪ֮󡣹С֮Դֿɤ̾Դָп˵Ȼҵͬ׵ĴڣҲ˿ˡҵȵû뵽һȥʮδһѶϢҲδݻ
̳˵ĵʵǸҶСںʥ澫ѪǵĸҶСѾӦȫȫΪʥ沿ˣҲͬһڲĹġȴû뵽ҶСһȥʮ֮ãΪѾǳʲô⡣
Ǻǣλˡⲻǻ𡣡ҶС²ЦһЦ˵

װδֿ񡢺Ʒһʯʴ֮УҶСڳ̸
֮ҶС㷢ƺʥ沿֮еڳѾ֪ʥ澫ѪԼǲûʲôӰ졣ԴһʼѾǴϵ̳ϵĻﵱбһֱ̽š
ҶСҲԸһֱίߡ֮Ҳӵ̸еʱҲͲٿףֱ˵ϣλϣһλиҪλ̡


 ̸
ҶСͻȻΪ˲Ż⵱ʥ沿֪֮ҶС֮µ˶δ뵽顣һҶС̳ϱټλͬӭӡ
ҶСѾ徳Ϊͬޣǿ֪ʵӦñЩѾ׵ڲ֪ϼһǻҪǿ˵ġҶСںʥ澫Ѫֳ״̬ںʥ澫Ѫʿ״̬̫һԵǾѾ˻ҶСĶʥ沿̬ȲûΪںʥ澫Ѫı䡣
еǿŤĹϲ𣬾ҶС츳ٺãԸΪʥ沿ǿҲûкôġǵŷȥ
ûϢͻȻʵбǺɻġڻﵱоһֱ̽ҶСлΪʲôǱͼֻҪصʥ沿֮жѡ
ίһҲδ̽ҶСжʥ沿̬ΡֻǾԶֽƺҶСʥ沿״ҲܹģֺвʲôԹһ㡣
˶֪ΪΣһεҶСȻĪһ־ηĸоָоֵʵǿѹǷĵ׵ľηҶСϴĳϢ޷ֱӣòͷ
ֱʱҶСҪ˵ԼĿģֵĴ֮вźȻҶСĻ
֪Ǻ£Ҿֱ޷
ҶСٿף̳ҲԸίߣתֱʵ
ҶСǺһЦֱ˵Ȼˣô¾ֱˡЩд˳ɾͣڵʥ澫ѪвٵĹϵԣһλΪǲ֮еһʥ澫Ѫ֪Ҫʲôܹò佫ʥ澫Ѫ¡
ʲô
̳ϵҲ¶ľȵıͣ˸һҶС֮ԣʱʳڡ
һε֮ʥ澫ѪѾʥ沿ܹʢ롣ʿƵĽӴʥ沿䣬ʥ澫ѪѾеһҪܡΪ˾з͸¶ȥƽʱʲô϶ġ뵽ҶСðʧŲʥ沿Ƭ̶ѣһſڵ˼Ҫʥ澫Ѫ
̳ϵĳǸһЩ˶̲סʼ۷׷ףȻʼָҶС֪ߵغʱ̳治ɫҶС񡣺ҪϿЩ׾ʲô仯ٶȻصʥ沿䣬Ǵĳ룬Ÿһſھ˵ĵ̡
ҶС񣬵̳ȽӴдܹںʥ澫Ѫл뵽ʥСӴ࣬Ϊ˽ҶСҲ̳ˡ֪ҶСǸðʧˣȻ˵ȻԵȵĳ롣
ҶС۷׷ףҲֹֻЦЦСڵžơһŲæģ
λһ֮󣬺Ȼ̳ϴֿЩɳƵڷ˵ѻ˵꣡
̳ϵ󣬵ȴƾһ㣬һ±˵񡣷֮еĸҲȻֹ˶ɻ̳ϣǵ뷨ʥ澫Ѫĳ룬һʥַ֮ôܹסȴ̳ѾǴϵݣȻ˱޷ȥˡ
ֻһѣλĪҪţҲҪðʧҶС¾ƱǺһЦ㿪˵ʥ沿ʱľλʥ澫Ѫһɽһ㣬ǲ֮ȴֻܹһͼһ㹩޷Ӧ⻳ĵλȥˡ
һھƣҶСֲŲæ˵ʥ沿֮ͣʱ䲻࣬Ȼ֪ʲôԭȴҲµõʥ澫Ѫе˾ܹںҲܹںϼٵһֶѡȴţʥ澫ѪǸҶĳĻжʥ澫Ѫ¶Խںգ
һתҶСҲȻͬʱû˵һ㣺Ȼ´λףҲƿ촰˵λϣںʥ澫Ѫ֮ʱѾжӰһֲʶȻܹ֣ȻͲܱӰԼ־ˣ
Ǻǣô㣬Ҫʲôȡʥ澫Ѫ
ҶСĻ֮еտʼɱ̳ϵҲԽҶС˵̳꣬ϺȻһЦתֶҶСʵ
̳ϵһЦһζԳʲôѾ֪Լˣ궼ҶС
еҲ˽⡣ȻڲռһأȴҲ֪ʱΧһֱһСҲڱʳɣ֪λܹסһصʱҶС˸ʥ沿һ֮ضѾǰԺʥ沿ʵΪһ˵½˲١ѾûôɵԼ򣬵ȷٵҪ⡣
¾ƱһܣҶС˵ܹʥ沿ṩһ㹻㲩أòܹչƣܹȥв֪λǷԿµ飿
֪ʲôأ
Ϊϡȱ֮ҶСԸȻܹʥ澫ѪԵȵļֵ
Ǻǣ˵ȻǱȲ˴˵ˡĹ㲩ȴǱʮֹڲ˿ڷչкôң»ӵһ֮ҲѡӵܽǱҪϰٱģֻϼ֮еޣҪҲƵġǰĽ״ˣټˡ
ûõҶС˴ʱֻǽڶѣȻԳԼӵһƬ֮ƺķΧʮֹ㲩
ҶСĻ΢Ĭһ֮󣬱ٶȿʼһΣȴǻӵۣһһԵַ˵Լ뷨
ҶСû뵽ЩȻҲܻ䣬Լš
֮䣬ҶСͻȻ˵ڲΣ֮ʱȡʥ澫Ѫⱻڸǳû١λͬµ飬ԸԼ֮λһͬػʥ沿䡣Իرʥ澫Ѫ֮
ҶС֮ԣЩ֮еλ½һֱвٰһʼ㷴ҶС᳤ϲֳŭվŭҶССӸҶڳԣĪʥ沿ˣƾҲҴػ壿Ҳ˵㿪ʼ˭֪Ǽ٣տڰƾ֤ſڴƻƣ˭֪֮Ǽ٣
λϢŭöԷŭ⣬ҶСҲֻǲŲæ˵ǰʥ沿֮ʱǽ𵤳ΪȻԪӤΪҲڳϣ²ǵʥ沿λ˽⵽塢ͬ޶ѣǻͬʱţᵱڴʴʣǲ꣬µΪȻ
˵ŻҶСҲվߵм䡣˾Ŀ֮˵£¶һʵͬʯһļ⡣ͬʱ˵֮ԵĿŶȣλ֮㲻лɣ
ɻĿ֮УҶСϵʼ۵ٶ̫죬ΧһȦȦҶСڵҲԽԽһֱһ磬ҶСΪתŹ˳ȥ


 ʥ潵
ۿΧαյҪΪҶСľεֱ̳϶ȻɢһΧУҶСΧγһ֣ŸЩ硣
ҶСڵϱ㿪ʼɢһϢһϢ޷ܣڳĶʥ沿ˣһϢȷܹĸܵõ
ܵõҶСϵǹĪηϢҶСһϢҲԽŨһֲ˾ηҲǵ԰Ϊ֮εϢ
ҶСҪʵֻҪһ˲ɣȴƺڻš
ֻǸܵһû֪ʲôԭҶСеһϢѾ˵ʼҡĪıҶСһΡ
û֪ʲôԵɲҪ˵ԭ򣬿ܱʥ沿֮еǳжľηɡ
ҶС֮ϿʼЩ΢ı仯ҲʼɢһɫĹâǹâͺһɫëһ㣬ҶСųȥ
ģǲ֮¾ʼЩ΢ı仯ȳֵģҶСüһɫԶŷһһɫĳϳ֮ʮһ˶Ǽʶġ
֮ȴûͣ£ҶСüķĿʼЩɫʼȥǻһڲɢȥֻЩķĶǰɫǽӲӵɫ
ʱЩɫķı㸲ҶСҶС֮ϵһ˾ηϢҲﵽ˼¡
֮˽ʥ沿֮Ϊ֮ˣҶСɢϤ־ηϢܵҲΪ̡
˴ʱ˶ѾеΪԼܵԼҲĸоԭԼĶҶСľη֮飬ΪҶСŨʥϢ
λϽʥ洫ˣӵźʥƵѪҶСʥ֮ȫЩǻܹĸܳĻ̫˵ȥˡ
ҶСһ⣬·ġһ㣬룬һʥϣ
ӭʥ壡
λ϶Լǰһв֪ʱѾˮΪĳϣҲǶҶСΪ֮ҲȫƲסĲšһ϶ʧ˻һ뿪ԼλãߵҶСǰڵأԲϵĺһ仰
ҶСû뵽Ƕʥʵĳݵ˵ز֪ԼһʼͲطϻֻʾʥ֮һжˡ
ҶСҲǲڣǴӦҶС񽻻ʥ澫ѪҶСҲὫӦǵĻرǵġԼںʥ֮ԷԼʥ沿̬ı䣬ȴȥռǵıˡ
ҶСδֹ˵ĹݣΪ֪ǹĲԼҶС񣬶еǷΪ桪ʡ
ĿȻﵽҶСɢȥһҲ֮ɢȥԼǰδ̳ϣŷ̳Ȼݺᡣһ澹ˮ
̳ˣֺ֮γǡ
ʥ֮齵٣ʥ٣峤ҵһݣ
ҶСĲ̳Ϻűִ˰ȥ
ٰݡ
һոհ£һһֱͶصĴٶȰ
ݡ
İݡ

Űݡ
һŸ֮˲ͣһȴɹڵأ
ҶСǵĹݣЩ˷ĵΪϵĸ飬ȴֹôΪ֪ݵģԼѡԼǴ˺ʽЩݶѡ
䲻֪Сζʥ֮飬ǼȻܹںϣѾʥѡ峤ѡȻǧû峤峤شعǿʢ
λϿ𣡸ոյĴ±ˡºεºܣ򲻸ҽ峤֮ģҶСռ˼ҵʥ飬ռ˼ҵĲ䡣ĵױһֵĳ֮ΣĸоҲȴҲò˵λµԸһ֮λһͬػ䣡
˵˱֣Ȼ˵֮ѾȷҶСˡ
֮⣬ҶС̳һʼƾٵ峤֮λȻܾԭȥൣһΡǸãҪԼȥȫδôľҪ֪ԼµĶҶСҲڱ͸ѣϸ֮ǽԼ֮ȥѡܵΪ֮𷴶ԼһӡҶСΪ˱㡣ûгŵգһ˳ŵᾡȫȥС
в֮Ӳʩ֮ҶСβҲܹʥ沿ĳ֮λѡңҲ˵ⳤ֮λֻΪ˻رʥ֮ΣҶСʲô¡
ȻҶСѾ˵Լֻںʥ֮ѣδõʲôʥּ⡣ʥ沿Щȴ϶ҶСǵ峤ѡҲ׷ȥ˳˵ǵʥк׷棬ҶС뵱ʥһ޶
оɺ֮ҶСԼЩǷڤڤ֮⡣Լʥ沿Щϵ
ҶСҲδӦλϵ󡣵Ҳò˿ڣӦԼֻݴ䳤ְ֮峤֮λҶСԼҲ޹£պ㡣
ҶСҲЩҲòӦ
ʵҶС峤֮λЩϼᶨ˴˲̰Ȩƣľǵ峤ѡ
Ҫ֪ЩԽǲԸŵôһ˳ŵὫ֮һ֮׷ȥеġԶЩ쿪֮˵Ŀ֮Ըǧٱ

ҶС񵽴ʥ沿ĵգʥ沿֮е˱ֻʮλҶСǷһ̸ֱҹŽ뿪֮ʱȴֻһ϶ǴѵһĻġ
ʱĳ̸֮УҶС񲻽Լεõʥ֮齲ˣҲ˵Լ氲ʥ沿Ĵ㡣ͬʱҲϸڡ
ڵڶһ磬ȫ崫ʥ沿һλ䳤ϵϢȻҶСֻǹſ䳤ϵ֣ЩУȴͰҶСԼ峤
ڶ죬λϱѾԵʥ澫Ѫλȡ˾Ѫ
죬ʥ沿һξ֮УҶСǰһֱɫĺʯСʯдֿϸǴţ㿴ʢŵһɫҺ塣
ҶСһǰʥ澫ѪƺȴǰĻҪࡣԱһԼҲʥ沿֮еȫʥ澫Ѫֱ˽죬ʥ沿䶼Լ飬ǵʥ峤Žеʥ澫Ѫ˳
е˼ҵֶ̡ҶСǰʥ澫Ѫȴип˲ǳʲôԭԳԣԼٲԸȥǸӣȴҲѾ޷ȫӱˡ

ҶС񻺻˫ۣнʥ沿֮еҪһ;ߵøȣ㲻ฺ̫ۡһɲһ;͡
ƽ˸ַֻǿԼֻҪԼŵΪ㲻ٹȥʥ沿ĸַ
ģҶСĸΪ״̬
棬ҶСҪʼںⱻΪʥ澫Ѫ֮


 
ҶСֻںһСΣѾкôô֮ҶСȫںԼҲ֪Լʲô磡
ҶСǰѾںϹ֮һҲѾȷԼܹںϴѾںʥ֮飬ں֮͸ûʲôǵġ
˼һǱʢʯее֮ܵһʹȻƺͻȻ˷ˣʹ֮ͬһһѷС
е֮𶼾ԷЩɢŽӲӹԵĽɫҺ㿪ʼֻһŨĽɫҶСС
ǰѾںϹһҶСǼ졣ƽ״̬֮󣬱Ŀʼںϡ

ͬʱҶС֮ʱʮһϽĵȴšҶСһںʥ֮ȻһֱϽ峤ְ֮ȴǿóʥ沿Щ顣ϳҲѾףѹҶСһʼͶǻЩ΢⣬ԭΪԼδ֪֮һʶԴˣҲûд£ҶСڶʥ沿ĸӦûκ覴õĲŶԡ
ȻˣǵȴҲעҶСǱܵʥѡѡһʱԸܣҲǳΪǵ峤Ҵʥ沿һǿʢһʼҶСǸǨӵ飬ҲҶСǿʢıµϣ
ʮһ˶ȴҶСں֮ЧҶСгôʥµʥ֮ʥ澫ѪҲȫҶСˡҶСһʿݣдԵ˵ȥҲû˻ˡԻعͷһڤڤ⡣
ȱٵĵʮλϣ½᳤ϡȻҶС񣬿Ǵ֪Ѿںʥ֮ҲѾͬһĵ׵ҶСΪڴ˴ȴҶСںϳɹ񣬶ΪʱѾǧ֮·;֮ϡȡ֮֮ϱ㱻ۛgȼʿһڵһʱʤݵĶݡ
ʿ֮гɳСѾһ϶һĴΪص˴˴αȥԶɽ˽棬ʥ沿תƵ¡ǰҶСѾһö֤ݵ֮ҲѾԶɽ֮ϽΪռݵóʥ沿䰲ϸҶС񶼲δᵽȴ˵Ҫƴ½ƾӹȥʥ沿䡣ԶɽҶСģڰŵʱǲʥ沿Կġϸڣպʥ沿ľӢʿŵҵ˾ƾӹȥ֮˵ˡ
ʥ沿֮УѾ˰ҶС̳ʥһ´˿ȥȻʱδ£ȴѾв֮˼ڳϼҶС֮һĻŭһ㣬ֶҶС񾴲³˼֡
δȷȥҲҶСҪɲպٵ˲ˣ˱ǵʥһȥ

ҶСһδͬʱʥ沿䵱Ѿʼ˰Ǩ֮¡ʥ沿ڴ˵פ˲֪꣬ͻȻҪ뿪Ȼ಻ᡣҪߵĶҲǲ١˶ǬһıƷǰҲҪϼ
ʵΪʿûʲô̫ණֻʥ沿䵱лֻȷǿһЩΪµˡЩ˲ܱٹȣԸͶ
Ȼ뿪綼вᣬһ뵽׷ʥ֮ѡ֮˶ȥҲİˡ

ҵҶС񻹲֪浽кα仯
֮УҶСڻЩ֮
չȥˣΧҶСһ֮ƺûжټٵӡٿҶСʱ֮Ϊʥ֮γɵ֮ȻɢŽӲӵĹԡ
էһȥƺҶСѾֹͣ˼֮ʵֻЩ統е֮ȻͣʼͨЩ͸ҶСС
ҶСںϵٶʮ֮ģҲ֪Ϊʥ֮֮ҶСٶں֮㶼ǾЩ֮󣬲Żᱻա
Ȼԭûں֮֮Ǻܿ飬ҶСҲδ뵽ԼںϵٶȻ֮ѾչȥԼֻ˲֮һɡңΪ֮еȻͣںϵٶڻš
һ棬ҶСȻżһ֮ʼں֮ٶαѾҶСĿˡ֮Ƶġ
һҶСȴЩļ֮ںϵٶɵЩǷǳʲô״ΪԼΪȻ֮࣬ںϵٶȲŻ轵
ҶСȴǲ֪Ǻں֮ʮ֮ãֻǴ¹ȥ̫ͷѾ֪ҶСȻҲ޴ţԼʲô⡣
ΪںѾҪҶСĿơҶСԼҲи˼ȥںϵٶ
ʵҲö룬Ҫ˵ʲôҶСжǿ
ҶСڵȻܹΧɷΧ֮ڵգֻǲ֪ܷ˳ص֮𡣰˵ǿĶǺΪĪӵǿ֮ӦԽеա
֮ҶС㿪ʼ֮ѾԼܹںϣĵֻҪһЩӦҲʲôա
˵еЩĵҶСʱʩչ
ʱȴҲûд⵽ֱӽе֮ķΧ֮ڡֻǿһ˿Լһ֮ʼʩչ
֮ղúķʲô񣬿ȥգҶСͲòеȥٿˡ
ʩչҶС񽥽뵽˱Ԫһľ硣ΨһƬеʶĿ档ȻҪĶֻԼһ˿ϸ΢֮𣬿ʶУԵȴһҶСôȥȻɽһ㡣һ˿ͬɽһ֮ҶСһű۰һС
ͷһΡҪô޷գҪôǿ̽ΪڣȴѾ֪ܹȴֻܹϸ΢һּ΢ɲһ㡣ñһֻССǿһɽϵһСʯһ΢
ҶСȻ뵽Ҿ磬ʱԽԽǼĵ׵һֺǿԡ
һ˿ϸ΢֮ǸɽҶС롣
Ϲű޹ɽĵʣҶСڰٰ㳢֮֮󣬱¶˾ģǵһ޹ҲҪܷһ˿֮
ҶС񲻶ϽԼʶע뵽֮УԼȫ˿֮𣬿ûκЧҶСȴǲʰݼԵʱ򡣾ҶСԪ֮УΪʱľΪű仯
ȻҶСԪļȻһ˿⡣һ˿ĳ֣ǻȵ̫մƵķ϶֮̽ͷһ㡣ܿ죬иĽһֱҶСԪǽ⼸ҶСʶ
ǽһֵʱҶСȻ֪Ҳ֪ҶС֪Ϊ


 
Ƭ⣬ҶС֮ʱػסҽҶСڵǵ⣻ҲҶС¹⳾ʶҲڶ֮ʱڿʼඥ֮ʣҶС񾭹ඥõĽ⡣
ЩǺʱεأҶСԪֻżŻ֣ѰʱҶСѰҵ޷ҵ֮Щٶȳ֣ҶС㲻׽Ź
֮ҶС񳣳޷ҲпԭԼ֮ԼȻܿƣ֪䵽ΪҲ޴ӵ֪ҶСԪӤʿǷ統ҲѾѰɼʿҶСΡƽѰѰٶȳ֣ҶС±㽫еʶ˽֮ϣĪʶܼӳǽ֮ϡ
ҶСһ̽ŷ⾹ȻҲһʶֻһʶҶСʶҪǿϲ֪ٱǧƷȫѾͬһײ㡣ҶСӲ֪ʶڽ׵һĳ̶֮󣬾Ȼܹ˽ɵĳ̶ȡ
һЩƺҲûҪ˼ҶС׽Щ֮Щ⾹ʼҶСʶΪһ壬ҶСʶҲȾ÷⡣
ͬʱҶСҲڽ뵽ʶһ˲ͻȻ˺˿һ㣬ļȻһѽ֮һ㡣ҶСıһ֮С֮䣬ҶСȻѾ׵ԪӤԺһεʧȥԼʶȥһ
ҶС֮еѾΪҶС۶⣬ҶСʶҲΪӵ˽ɫֱֲǵĹı䣬Ϊ乹Ʒڷű仯Ҳһɻ󣬱Ϊʶ֮ԭȫͬΪͬĹ

֪˶ٸҹ֮ҶСתȹ
δ˫ۣϰԵĽʶɢȥ̽ΧһɢʶŷԼʶ֪ʱ˾޴ı仯ԭֻǰɫʶںЩ֮Ҳ˽ɫ
⣬ЩԭΧҶСΧ֮ҲѾȫɢˡ̽ԼҶС㷢Լ֮ҲѾ֮ȫںϡ֮ʥ֮ϣתٶѾﵽһǰδеٶȡ
δȥ̽ʶı仯ҶС㾪Լı仯ȫͬٶȣҶСҲ˵ʥΪεΪܹﵽľˡ
֮ȻױҶС
ʶı仯ЩԪ֮ͻȻֵĽⲻ룬ҶСҲ֪Ȼǵඥ֮ʱԼʶеЩ⡣Щ⵱֪ǺԭδܹԼգһֱڲŲ֪Ϊʲô䴥ڱҶСա
ʵ֮Ȼɢֻö˶ֱΪ֮ᡣ
˵֮ʱΪ׼֪ȴҪ֪һ;ν֮;ͬ顣һַţĵһΪԽǸǽΪҲ֮ġԽ˺ڣҪܹףҲҪʿҪķͬ޲ſԵġʵҲΪҶС塢ͬĺھ֮ʱҪԶԶСʿԭ
Ϊˣ˲Żת֮ΪΪȴΪδ¡ǸΪȴĻȥվ»ĴҲпʹµȴ˱˵ˡôҲͳ˽ʬһ֮
ǰҶСȻΪΪٽͻԵɺ֮´ٷ˵ҩٶͷţֽһֱԪ֮УͨඥЩҲڱҶСա

֮ҶСȻԼࡣƺණЩ¶ĶͺʲôһԼУֻЩ̫ӣЩʲôȴҪҶСպȥ塣ҶСһ£֪Լһֱ׷ѰЩʶ֮еΪйصĶ
֮ҶСвûжʲô˵ļ֮࣬Ǳһ˵һЩ
˵ඥǽʶ֮ΪݣһǱʶΪ󲿷ּ䣬ЩһʶΪ򴫸ҶСֻǲףΪ˻ҶСΪȴδ䡣ҶСһֱڲ֮С
ʥ֮黹֮𣬽Ƕʿʵĸı䣬һʱ֮ҶСмı֮⣬˵Ϊȴδر
ʵ˵ҲһͺɽһĵӣܹܹõĺôǻãٺõĶҲ޷աֱӵĶԱȱҶСƷ̥ĵ觺ͱ֮
ҶСȻҲõ˲ٵĺôȴΪ֮֮ΪֻͣнڵΪδܴﵽظĳ̶ȡǵඥõʶ֮δͷųһֱڣҶС׵ԪӤڣ塢ڴﵽܹЩĳ̶ȣһʹҶС֮еͷųҶСںΪһ壬ա
ֺô֯һ𣬱ʹҶСڸոս׵ԪӤںһ̫ʱ֮˼Ľ

ҶСٶ֮֮ı仯Բ˵һֻںôһ仯һεĺô͸ˡҶСֻҪһֳһһһ˲òǳĸҶСڵֳ֮ġ
ʶı仯ҶСûзԼʶܹǵķΧʲôţƺмļ󡣲ɢŽɫâʶʵ̶ȴҲ֮ǰ֮ҶСʩչն֮һɽ˳ǷɽǴʶ֮İӰʶǷɽһ͵һţ㳹ҲתΪӲӵһ𽣡ԭ˾ĪİӰɽͬǣɽɢһʥ޷ֵͿܵΪصģҶСǲʶУֻʵ統Ҳܹü֮ǽڵλóһŽɫĹԡ˱֣ѾҶСʶٶȽһµĲεı֡˾磬ѾǱ֮ǰ֪˶١
ҶСʶںǽ֮õĺôȴʶ֮ĸıѡģ̺෨һȴҶСȥѰҵĶڡЩҲҶСʶУֻҪȥҪʱˡˣҪʱҲҶСƾԼȥҪʡȥ˰ٱǧʱ䡣
ȻʶҶСѾܵһֱȴԼڳ϶һģҶСȴδ뿪ң˼һ֮˫ֻƣĳץ
һץҶС֮±γһε硣ɵġţҶС֮бѾһʵҶСΧĿ֮˲һ󾢷硣⾢γɣΪҶСղһΧγա
ҶСδʩչֻ֮࣬ǾȻƾһץȻЧǰǴԵɨһ۴ʶ֮еЩڡԼã


 ٶȱչ
ⲻҶСţСԡ
һ̣ͼҶСȻϥȰڵأ˫ҲѾڵ֮ϡҶС˫ָոմ˵һ˲ֻҶСΧһ··һεɢͷ˿½󾡽ԺƮɢ
֮ҶСϱ㿪ʼɢԽǿңҶСɢľҲԽ͡ոջƧһ˲֮ͱÿХҶС񱳺һϮҲ졣
ҶСһ֮Уһ˫֮ϵΪŨⲢǵĴɢѣǺˣһһȦȦŻָ֮䡣
һֻ̣ôҶС֮϶ʼɢŨһ
ԵģҶС˫֮Ƶ͸ӵŨЩŨȻ۳ɫһ㣬ҶС˫Ͼ۶ɢ
ʱҶСڣ˫ƴľʼдӿ뵽ҶСڣԪӤ֮СڵԪӤҲΪЩķע룬ɢŲ⡣
ҶС񵱳ڤ֮˲ٵĻȪΪ˽֮һ˿ȻǻȪܹգ֪ǷҲֱաֱӴ֮Զȴʯ֮ջǴΧռ˲֪ٱ
ǣҶС㳢һԣȻЧ
֮һԴȪҶСֱܹӴ֮Ч֮ȻǲԶġ
ķӿ룬ҶСܹԵøܵΪԵĻšЧȻҶС֮ۻЧҪǿֻǲ֪ۻյõٵ
ҶС񲻹ǵһγԶѣûжֱֹ֮ͣǸð취޷յص֮еֻܹһЩѡһǺСΧ֮еġ
ܵʥ沿֮ѾԼչǰ˲Сı仯ҶС²⵽ԼӦѾչ˲̵һʱ䡣ȳȥ˽һٴü֮󣬲ȥܹ뷨һչȥ

ҶС֮߳ʱѾֻʣϻҹغѡһҶСʾ˺εľϲ
ʱڲ䵱еĳҲѾ۵һ
ʱҶС֪ԼһչأȻչһ֮ãʱѾԶԶԤ
һʱ棬ʥ沿Ѿʼ˳ŶݵİǨˡоеͽ׵ʿǶѾתƵ˶ݣҶСָ֮ϰ
ڶݵȻʥ沿ȴڲκѹʥ沿԰ĵչȥˡڶҲֻǾԭɵʵݶɳ룬޶ǵжơ϶ʤݵԶȱ«޺еĵͽЩľӢʿҲҶСµһԼĹ׻ȡʸ
һʥ沿Ȼ˹ʾӣµפȴڸ涼Ҫפء
ڵֻٲֵĸ߽ʿЩΪͣԦķٶҲܿ죬ҪתƵҲܷ㡣ԱתƣҲôװøɡȵѹٴһЩ޷ȥʱٰ롣Ȼݵפؿ˵ǱϾǧĹʾ֮أ׻˵ѲԼĹѡʵ޷ȥ˭᲻Զİأ
ʱеλϣҲǻЩתƵݵȥˡ

ҶСԼչڼ䷢֮󣬲ŷԼľչڼƺҲ˲ٸı䡣
ǰҶСʵԼϸΡ֪ʱʼԼȻ֣ΪԼεĹ˼ɣԼηηβʲô飬ֻҪԼΪǡֺ̫Ĺ˼ɡȻʥ沿Ըⲻ붫ݣҪһ׷ԼԼֺαؿܣҲͬһձǡֻҪԷζԴԼԼλǡ
һ룬ҶСҲȻپ鶼࣬Ҳࡣ
ʥ沿ҲǣҶСڱչ֮ȻǲԸ峤ְ֮ǶλϵʾҲٿܡ

ҶС˿г˵֪ʥ沿֮⣬Ҳ˽һЩݵ顣
ȻѾ뿪һ֮ãƺڶҲһж֮ϵ˳չš
ʥ沿ļ룬ʵȻҶСӵ˳ƶݵøչʱҪ֪ʥ沿֮еʮ϶徳磬Ѿ൱ʿԪӤ硣ҳ֮лλڡļ룬ҶСԼһʱֱ֮
еλϼҶС˳ں֮һȻҲʮָˡҶСں֮֮Ϊľı仯ǵ̬ҲӸı䡣ԶƵǰǧ֮ǰ㣬Ҳ⡣δ뵽ģҶС񲻹ոճأ֪ԼҪչء
Ӳ˿е֪˶һҶСҲδŻصݡǴֱӾڴ˵ؼչأһ³ʶеڡϰ͸˵
һ棬ҶСҲпǵԼнĻֱܹӴ֮·ߵĸԶĻôⱻʥ沿ǹյѵص㡣
ֱӴ֮Ƕ˽ǵ飬ȻҶСյٶ˵ʵ̫΢΢Ч˭ܱ֤ҶСд֮˻ٶȣԼǶݱͲ̫ӯҶСȻ᲻ãռݵȻҲȥ
Ǵ˵صʥ沿˱ͲİװЩԹǡôȻʲĵطˡҶСܹԽԽãȫոɾһô׷ϵʥ沿ǲŸǿġ

ҶСڵѾʥ沿֮λѣŨλá
δʼϰʶЩڡҶС
һα֮һֱڳɢҩϵĳʵҶСΪȻɢǶҲһЩٽáЩҪҶСȥвȻҶС񲻶֮ҪɢҲ޷
ʱ仯ľ塣Ϊں˽⣬Ϊʥ֮֮ں֮ϸ֮еźʶ֮ŵٶȶ
ҶСϸ֮ħޡʶ֮Ӧ㹻ҶС׵ԪӤˡûں֮ǰҶСǽȫҲҪϰٰʮꡣܹҶСһֱĻӦֻҪʮʱѾ㹻
һĪԵѵͬһʱ䱬ȻһٽҶСٶѰİٱҡЩƷҩĸЧҲԵ΢΢ˡҶСڵϸ֮жҩĴٽãѾȫΪ˶Լչĸˡ


İ 
һж˳Ҳв֮ҶСʶ뵽Ԫһ硣еʶУ̽ϰŴµĽ֮еЩڡ
֮˵ԪΪӡԪӤھӵǧǧԪһʿһչر»֮áݴΪʿһչرǰ֮õġ
ҶСΪԪӤڣչʱҲʼó֮ʱʮʱвٵʱҶСڱչ֮СҶСٶȱչҲҪһ̵ʱŻˡ
ԴҶСڱչǰѾʥ沿֮еˣʹ׼
ʱһ졢һµĹȥҶСչصƧ÷һˡʥ沿֮еı仯ҲΧĸɿСһҲ׼ʥ沿⣬һװ룬㽫ռ
Ƕʥ沿ȴֹһЩ֮ͬҲž
ЩΪԼܹռһƵʥ沿仹δ뿪֮ʱӴ˶ڲѹơһ֮ɵĦͳͻҲ͸ﵽʷһ塣
ЩɵѹԲı뺷İװ׽ǲѾȷ˰룬óһʿȴǲһ̣ҲԸԼռȥ
ЩʿĲȨҪһ
ȻδɵֿȴԵ͵ľ޴ѹ֮бЩⲿʳٶҲԽԽ
ٶȥǲ꣬ʥ沿ľûз֮ˡ
ʱʥ沿ҲһһȻ·ȻۼһɵƣҲ֪ǳԶʥ沿䡣Լµһռǳ顣

ת֮䣬ҶСֱչࡣʥ沿֮вٸ߽׵ʿ̵ػһֻǽǵȴ֮ʧȥ˽һ롣
һգʿҶСչصʿȻܵһֱھ֮е֮дһӴϢϢ˲Щʿɣʱ򣬲һʿͬʱܵһĸܡһֱԨɵĸо·Լ׵Ԩһ㣬һʧصܡָоģһȫܵĸо·֮һڶֺһһһɾԼ޷뿪ȥ
ʿӦԶʿһ˲һе𾪻δô¡һ˫΢֮һĵɳһֱӳףʱӳһɿֲϢֲֹͣ½Ų
׷׽ҡʱս׼
ЩʿػҶСڵңȻΣվߣȴδһΪ¶ӡֻ飬ǰȥ˼˸֪гϡ
ʲôǹ֮ࡣֻҶСһ˶ѡ
ֻҶСȴǵϥڵأַءɢŨһŨΧҵķΧ֮ڸһǿľת羢֮ǿҵʯʵγһѺۡ
Щʿڻͷȥʱ򣬱㷢ǵΪĵһʮҵľ֮ڶһ͸ֵС˵֣ΪĵطܹĿü֮гѾҪ۳ŨЩܵʲôǸΧ֮ڣֻǼҵķţٶȷɢȥ
Ǿıչأڽʶ򳹵ϰ͸ٶҶСչؽסк棬ʩչ·

ҶСҸոշ˱仯ʱ
޺Ⱥɽ󴨵֮УҵЩطҪôǼأҪôλɵĽ֮УҪôǿػ֮Щطȴһͬ㣬ЩطһѰ֮
ЩȴǸһ֣̱˻ȥطһӰ˳ԶԶĸޱߵɽѩҶСڵķ
Խڤħ֮еһڳ֮Уһλ欵Ůӱ֮УһĿĺڼ֮˲ԡҲʱƺҲܵҶСı仯ŮӸոеѪ콬֮Ӻ֮з˵ͳͬͺһЦ
ҪʼôһͳЦ֮Ǻڼ֮ƺǱߵĽһЩ

׽һ߽һӴɱţ죬ƺءһ˲ȻǾеһ᳤ɢѰʿɢһ˶𺳵ơţʿĴ¼ױȻըѿȥ¶ϵһƮװ
˾۱䣬ս𺳣ƴ׷ʿķ
ԭƽһҲֻü΢΢𣬴΢ƺ˾ʲôȻһһ⣬˲ʧǰֻ±˵Ӵ
ǲ֪ԭ׽ľӵеˮ¡еķǰ֮еĶڷ

ͬģڷȥؽǻɳհ֮СҲһţʮ֮ˣŸԼ߰ĺӡ
ƺҲܵҶСı仯ת׳ű«޵ķȥߵĺƺҲܵı仯еᣬһ˫۾ӡ
ʦôˣ
Ǻ۵ɻʵ
ǰˡպãȥѰʦǡ
վǺ˵
ˣҶСʦ𣬵ƲºȥԼڶˡ

̳ϻδѾܵҶСڵ֮춯Ȼȴ֪춯ȻҶС𣬲̫ġȴټеĳϣһͬҶС֮ء
֮УҶСѾȫע뵽֮Сȫʥ沿֮ѵһ
ʱҶСͺǽص׳޷˸ʹͬɽ緢һӿӿٶǲΪҶСԼǿвϵĳ
ҶСֻ볢һԼ֮ĳɹһʼȫĵͶ˽ķӿ룬޷ֹͣϷΪĴСƷŨ𣬿֮еȴʵʵģƷٲ֮еҲԶʵ˰ǧ򱶡
ҶСյĻֻƤëѣǴӴ壬㳹׳ǴδʶŨ֮С
ֻת˲֮䣬ҶСеľ֮бѾδйŨ
ҶСΧѾŨɫΧšЩȴҪյģǴ֮͸ġʱԪӤͬȫ뵽һ֮еŨûĺ֮СգЩƺҲһ֡
ʱҶСľڵʮֳӯһЩ룬֪ٱע룬Ƭ̱뵽һֱ״̬ҶСڽ׵ԪӤڣ徳֮ĵһν뵽ൽ޷յĵز


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ʱҶСȻȵΪ֮ʱڵǿڵѾԭļҲȻֵܹסһ˿ʣȴʱصĻб֮Σ
ҶСΪҲһ˲䱻̧ԪӤΪٽһҲҪĻۣҲҶС˶ĻԵȥֻԪӤڵԭ򡣵ЩĻԵ˵һҶСΪȴܹԸܵõٶȷٵš
ܿ죬̳ϵ˸ϵ֮ʡΪĵ͸Ѿɢ˰뾶ҵķΧվԶҲܹܵõ֮ɢŨ
ڣҶСܴ֮µһֱﵽ˱״̬Ķʮʱﵽ˼ޡ˳̶ȣѰʿѾΡҶСȴһֱƾھӲ
·ȴǷѾﵽ˼ޣֻҪʩչ·ɢһƾȥա
ȻѾǼ״̬޷һֵҶСȴδѾﵽ˼µֹͣǽϸ֮Ŵ󿪣Լ޷յװ뵽ϸ֮С
뵽ϸҶСȻᳵ·ֻһεʵ̫ˡ
ϸ֮УҲĴһɫһϸСԽԽŨһֱ˺Ҫʵʡ
Ũϸ֮еҲδһʱ̾Ϊֹ޺ǶŨΪ棬޻һĴڴʳƾյٶȺעٶС׼Ҳ㲻ϣȻȫǲֵһᡣ
ҶСϸԱǧ֮㣬ȴ֮ء·ȴܹ֮ͷų޵ҶС֮ȴ޷ͷŵٶȷŻһ֡
Ȼ֮أһбʱ򡣱ҲǣҪ޵Ŀռ䣬ͼȥʢĵҲǲܵ顣
ҶСϸ֮Ŵ򿪣֮еֱע뵽ϸ֮СƱҶС˺һӣӿ˳ֱע뵽ҶСϸ֮С
ϸ֮еԽԽ࣬һֱϸҲڱͣٶ
˴ʱҶС񲻽ͼ壬ǷԱǧϸҲ˵һڳԸӣҲǲˡ
ۼԼѾ޷ٸʢҶСҲòֹס̰ģ׼ֹͣ
ʴȻֱӸ޷ܵʲô仯ȷǶֱӵģʥ沿׼룬ҶСҲ˰ܻġ
ҶС˹ֹͣպúЩʱҶСϸ֮к䣡
ڵ˺غ¡һ͵һ֮˱Ȼת׳λϸĴľȥ
ǰľѾ֮ƬҶȻһӯӯɵĽ߸ߵС硣
ϸ֮еһ²һСľ
ֻԶԶģܹüľڵɽ²Ƥ֮£Ȼһߣ߳߿¡𡣴˺ѵĲƤܹ֮ü¡һҲľһʵءһ֮һֱԶ쿪ȥǵڶ𶯣֮һ¡쿪ȥ֮ǵ
ÿһ¡֣һ˺Ѿµ¡𣬽ܹܵõϸϵĲš
ľһ¡һ׳һ㡣ȥ̾ҶСϸ֮С
𶯣ʹԭƽϸ췭ظһ㡣
ǵһľ쳣׳֮ʣľСҲʼۿɼٶһգ۵Ĺ򣬱ѾɳӤϸһɸߡ
ڶ֣Ѿɳڴ֣ɶߡ
ֵʱľٶȶȻɳһ±ӵаߴϸɶߡ
Ĳϳ֣ľҲʼϵķš
ͬʱϸ֮дŨҲľĵһ֮һٱɣڶɡܿϸѾɾˣҶСϸ֮еšʶ֮ҲЩһͬľȡȥ
ϸ֮еڵȽշڿоϸ֮еı仯
ϸ֮Ѿûľܹ˵֧֡ҶСľȻѾܹͨԼʩչ򿪵;ֱӴȡ
ľѾϵͨҶС˺Ŀֱ̽뵽֮УֱӴмȡ
ϸ֮гôǲľϵȡɾٶ֮졣Խǵ˺ЩϵҲ֮ô׳ιϸ֮СٶȲҲ֪ж졣
ٶȣеҶСҲѾˡ
ڶȹľĽ׶֮ٶȱ㻺طʱ򣬲ŷھ˸ոյ֮ϸѾȫ仯òΪԵıϸĿռһ˲֮˽һ롣Զϸı߼֮ɵĿռ֮УҲܹüһĸ̽ɵĻ֮С
ϸҲֹͣ˲ľĻ׳Ҳ֮ƽšߵغϸΪʲ
ϸ֮еļܹԸܵõȻûжŨľϺµ֮ȴɢĵŨ̶Ҳľ׳š֪ΪΣʱľѾٷɢرͷųͬͬǣڴľ֮ɢʮ΢ˡ
ҶСĲľڲϵ׳ţϸռҲšЩԴҶСµһȴѾʼסҶСʼ˥ȥͷŵʼܹó˸ͺһͷЦȺ۵ľĵͷ­
ʱҶСΪϸ֮еı仯ѾûϰȻûƿҲǸˣȥϧֻŷţʵԼϸ
ֱʱҶС֪ԭľҲǿʹġľֻһߵʱܹ켸ʮҩ˵һƬڶƬҶԼٶȳѿ֮ҩǳɱѾһһ˻ϸ治֪ܹҩˣûҲҪаǧˡ
ɢʼȥҶСҲ֪ʼ˥ߣҲʼǿԼĲٿأ
ʵֻҶСһʩչʼջѾ֪ˡϸ֮Īı仯ľһٳɳҶСԼΪҲһٽ˲٣Ѿܹܵõǰ֮ʵž޴ĲǵԪӤҪһٲҶСѾʮʮ֮УжʮһƬĺôģȻҶСĻˡ
ҶСʼһֱųʱҡҶСѾֻܹµ֮΢΢֮ʱҶСֹͣ
˹Լ״̬ʶϸ֮Уϸ̽ĸֱ仯ϸѾƽκεĲľ¡ͻϵĸϵҲѾ¹ڵ֮£ʲôߡľΧҲһƬ֡ҶСǰµҩҲһƬ֮䣬ֻЩҩ۳ɳʲô̶ȵڶѾ׳죬ҿʾƷҲϼѣ


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仯ΪԵģȻľˡ
ʱľȻɳΪһϸɣһڣǺһϻһζҫΪһƬ֣ҲҶСϸ֮ΪעĿ֮ľû˵Ĵ˲Ҵĸоʾ˼ǿǿɢһϢϵϢ
ľֹͣŷϸ֮вûֻûгʱôŨ˶ѣҪ֪ոտȫľȥˡľֿʼɢȻٶȲ죬ȴҲԴԴϵڲš
ľ֮µһСɽ֮УҶСȻܵڡϸ֮Ϊغ侪֮ľɳһЩµı仯ҶС׼ġϸ֮оȻҲγҶС޷õġ˿Щ˱ľ֮ıǱ뵽֮ˡ
ӴԺҶС۵ﶼһˡΪԼϸ֮оͱŸﻹʲôɽ֮ࡣ
һƽ֮ҶСҵĴţ潹ȴ֪Ƿʲôʥ沿֮ѵһʱ֮бŵˣ˾ڳ˶Լۼġ˸ֻܵ𺳡ţȥ֮󣬽յľȴΪԺͿҫʱ

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ϳ˼ҶС뿪ңӭ֮ʣһſڲ㺰롰峤ŸĿ糣һС񡣲ʻ֮УҲܹó¹ҲشǸӹҶСǹΪ峤֮˵İΣ
λܾˣҶС΢΢һЦ֤Լ˿˵ĹͻƣһʱĶԴ˵һʱ̰ģƺһѾĿݽˡ
ڳ֮ĸΪ֮ˣҶСĻҲһСһҶСĻʱһĿɿڴʲô鹦Ϊһ˵һʱ̰ģһݽߡҲ˵ʥ沿֮ƷѵһѰϡѵܹʹݽߵô
һʱ˽ƿԣϳȷӦ˹˸Σ˵Ȼ֪СǺιܹƵĹϷȴƽδδţյҵȿ۽磬ЩСıǡȻҵ뿪֮ҲǱ˱ˣ
ҶС񣬾ʥ沿˶̳֮ȻײġҶС˵ʵ˿֮⣬ǰԵɸ֪˶ѡ
ҶС̸ã龡˽ֹʱ䣬ʥ沿Ѿڶݰ˼ҡȻҶСΪҲһѭɶµĹֻǱѡϾʥ沿ʿԹѾãʱиĦ鷳ĥϣҲѾʼ⡣Ͼͬһ֮£̫
Ȼڲ֮вδʲôΣ̶̵֮Уڶ֮ȴʱнԪӤڵʿʵѰʱҲиΪʿ·ݣ֮ȴɵʿƺѰʲôһڶ֮жáǰɸΪЩ֮̽޷֣ȻΪһϢ鱨ⶫȻҶСĸݵأ鱨ļȻиһЩ⣬̱ˡֻΪֹδЩѰʲôġ
ҶС⣬һص˶ݣ׽һڵʿ̲˹˼Щ˱ʵ׶֣ҶСԪƣȴ޴˹˼ɵġ
ڻص֮ǰҶСҪ
ʥ沿Ȼֻʣ˲ԭɵءеȴҲǲٵģҶСǰݽߵһֻеһƷѵĶѡһȻƷʲȴһСȻƷʲһЩȴķ֧֮ġ̳ԣҶСĻôЩЩ벿ԹѾõԶҶСġ

ɢȥ֮ҶС㿪ʼϸ̽ԼϸľеľҲ˵ҶСԪӤʿǺҲľΪ˽ģȻǵľ֮ˡϸ֮еֵı仯Ҳ֪ҶСġ
ԭľӴʵĪǰֻһƬҶӶѣеѾҶСոյһ֮ˡҶСȻṩôһΣľһٳɳ˾磬ҲҶСƾԼΪǸոտݽߵһƷʲܹṩġʵľҪҶС񡣶䱾ԣ֮ȡĴҶСܹģֻһӰˡΪϸҶСϸֻҶСܹʹľĳɳ
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񾭹ľϸ֧ţʹҶСϸøΪʵСȻ˲࣬ϸռǿȣѾϵĸռˡ˿ҶСһ׵˷ڣԷǧٶʱ֮ʱҶСϸռ֮ʡʱҶСϸͿΪһСͿռˣʱҶС㲻Ҫʲô֮࣬ԽԼΪҪ֮ϸ֮УΪҪҲƾӵϸ֮СˣҶСıҲԽ뵽ϸ֮дġǶԵ֮ʱֻҪԷû㹻ͻƿռ磬ֱӹϸռ䣬ôҶСԶܵԼϸ֮еġ

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ڴ֮ǰҶСȻԸʥ沿ڶ߽ʿǿиݡΪܿ죬ʣµһƬҲûκռݵļֵҲûж塣
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ȻҶСǽмȡ֮д󲿷ֶ뵽ϸ֮УʱΪҪĴΪ
ھһαչ֮ҶС񲻽ٽȻܹڵתҲѴﵽȻȻľ硣ȻյĽȴֱӷֻʶ֮ͬΪ
ҶСܹȻʱ䡣ȴҲΪҶС񲻹ոճԼΣԲȫƿءŻ֮ʱ޷ٶȵܹȫƣҶСԽڵٶȿԼǡÿյٶȡ

չȥҶСȻÿһٶȣյʱ䣬ҶСΪһһءڵҶС֮󣬱ܵ⼸վҪ׵ĸоһ·Ǻ֪кôԼҲѹŲ̫ס
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ΪۿҪףҶСں漸յ֮ʱȻٶȲδı٣䱾յȴ̫࣬Ƕ뵽ϸ֮Уڴٽľĳɳ
תۼ䣬չȥҶСڽʥ沿֮µաΪ˲ԼڴʱףҶСһԼѾȫȥһ˿ǽе뵽ϸ֮Уĳ̶ֳϣ൱λڵص׵תƵϸ֮С
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ʥ沿ΧЩɵ⣬ԵΪֹȻʥ沿֮еʿתƳȥѾ֪ȫݽһȴȻҶСƾĪʶǵ̽顣ȻһǷѾǵֵĸӾôûˣٲ鷳ġ
ҶСһһҲɵĵһʱ䣬㽫ʥ沿ڶʿټ±ȫһĸݡ
ҶСȻǳٶȴ졣ǵڶʿһͬݽߣɲΪԼԵʣһɵʿ׷йߣʲô

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ϳԱߵһϻͷѾԽԽԶۿֻʣһСҶС񣬲żֹǶϳʵϣ峤ʢУֻ峤һˣЩʿֶҶġ
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Щ׷ɵԽԽۿҪɵҶСλ֮ʱҲûм˼


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ҶСܵԷɱͿԽƣЩԷȻһ־ɱУȴҲû˿šǿͿð죬ֱӸɴʵҶС˵Ƿ˲١
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ҶСɽ𻢵ע⡣ԪӤʿҲ֣±նȫһʶδɱ֮ǰѰԪӤʿԵֵסҶСնȫһǲҲҪһʶܴȻɱΪƷʸߵȫһĽɫʶնʵȫûзʿֵܵġ
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һһδ٣㱻ҶСһУֱ˹ȥʮֱ뵽ǬСΪҶСֱһֱӳ״ݻʿԪԪӤд棬δܵ˺ҲѾǺʶûˡ
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δ䣬Ȼһͷ۾ԳͻȻ֣һ˫ۻײһ£ֱҶСȥͬʱ֮䣬ӭ缴գۼѾСЮֱ֮ҶСȥ֮⣬ȴĽҶֱҶСȥ
ֵԭֱԦ֮֮Լ֮ԭֵ޼ģȴһʱ⣬ҶС˲ɱǹǿĽޡ
ȻʱͬʱȴֻԪӤΪѡ
ۼҶСҲδ觺ͱƷδ̫仯ıɽһ⻮һ㵲סĽҶͬʱ䣬ҲѾ챬죬ŨҵĻ汬ȴͻƽ
ǽδŶ۾ԳҶСϵ˿ȡɵĻȭӲһȭֱǾԳ䵽һûʲô̫ƣǾԳͬСɽһµֱۺȻͣ˿Сһֱֳִ̣ë֮£ѿСһ˿ڡһ˲ƤⷭѪѣ֮жȻһѪꡣ


 
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þԳɳ֮Ƕ۾ԳδΪȻҶСն֮£𽣾ڸոֱӻԪ
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ʣµʿδӦҶСͻǶ˵ķһ˱ҶСնϣһͬ𽣴̴Ԫ
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˵ҶСɱԪӤȫӶܵù𽣵׷ɱ
ʶ֮УһԪӤȻһʧȥ׹ȥ
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ЩһĻ̥ҶСŭɱתһϵһɱ⡣
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ҶС֮ʩչ齣жݷ٣佣ƣЩʿδκηӦ㱻С

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ʱֱ𲻹Ǹոչ˲ʱѡһѾ֪ҶСһ˶赲׷̳֮ԺҲĵʱһɹȥ֧Ԯ
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һڵ׷һҶСһ˻ع鲿顣ֻ֮´ս֮ѡ
С֮˱ûʲô⡣
ҶСδЩ׷ֽˣȴ˲ʱˡ
ҶСֻӭУ֮ݹȻо졣ҶСδ˵ȴҲȥ׷ʡ
ΪʱѾǣҶСҲٵ̳ˡϾҶСƾٶҪһʥ沿˵нٶȿ˲֪ٵġ

·֮ҶСڽӽ˶ݵķΧ
ҶСʵո뿪ݲ̫ʱ䡣ǼѣڼҲһֱܹ֮ͨڵ֪ڵӦòʲôġǾˣҶСԽ˶ݷΧ֮ʱȴмĪĹǺͲ
ѾۿҪ׵ԪӤڣѾܹһЩν˸ӦһܵеĲҶСȻȻĽɻ˴ǰŵĶʱֵһЩݵʿаĪѾʲôǲ⣿
еģҶСֱֱʩչжݷٶֱɵķȥ
ΪҶС񼸺ȫϧٶʩչжݷȫٷУûöñѾ뵽ɵķΧ֮ڡʱһֱɢ˼㷶Χʶ֮б㷢״ʶУݹ໥׷ţǰ׷ݹǱҶСķ
ʱǡҹܿ죬ҶСҰ֮ڱһƬݹԼķС
ǰȻʶпȺ׷֮еĶݹ⣬ǰһȺʮˣйԪӤڵʿʮһ֮࣬ǽʿҿǽµĶݹҲǽ⣬ļʿʿϣս͵϶顣
һȺ˵ĺ󷽣ΪӴһȺʿǵȵ˲ǱˣҶСΪϤĶˡذޱģʥ沿䣬һЩʱݵľϡٺĴʿǹٶĽʿڵʿΨһرľԶɽȻڴ˵ء
˫֮ƺˣʿԶݹһͬٷС


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Σ䲻֪Եɣܹöݼеĺ׷ϣҶСҲ֪ʱͬСɡڽڣⶫڹȻǷʲô䡣
ݶ룬ҶСֱӼ˻齣Ľ˲ʱ˰ҹգĽֱǳҶСʿ˹ȥ
ЩʿȻԶԶҲҶС񣬿ȴû뵽˾Ȼݷ˵ı㳯ǹ˹һʱһҲִ͵
ҶСҲǡʱ򣬱˫ʵҲ⡣Щӳ˶ݵķΧôذޱҲֻˡһǰһһ£Ƿڳ֮ȴ
ҶСĹͻȻֺͣƬ֮󣬾ʿѾסһҶСȴδֱɱֻ֣ĪŽЩʿסѡ
һЩ©֮ҶСֱӼʯ˿ֽٻ˳һͷҲڲʱ֮߰˸Ӵܳȥʿ
ת˲֮䣬սֱ㷢˶󲻵ı仯ҶСʶ֮˻ã֪սɲ⣬ʲôıֶΪһȺʿпǾҶСûκθ֮ˡ棬ǾǾλʥ沿ĳҲδڶΪ峤֮˾Ȼӵʵһ֣ǻһ㡣֮ƣ˲Ϣ֮㽫ǿս˶ղŻ˵һȺƷ
ʦֻʱ򣡣ҶСȻסЩʿˬһЦֱҶС˹ȥȺʿʵ̹ġҶСһ֣ٴζҶСʦͶˡ
Щô죿
պ˵ȴ±ڽ֮еЩ˸ôҶСάֽס˶ʿҲǲСġ
ɱ˰ɣѾˡ
ذޱӺߴ
ʦǰµľɳ𡭡
һͷǱڽ֮еڶʿ˵
˰յĽȻһǺ嫵ĳ콣ҹ֮ԵΪ貹ʱڽб㱬ı֮
Ƭ֮һнƽϢҶСջ˽Ҳʿʬ֮ͬﶼ뵽ǬС
Щڽ֮еʿȻɱɾЩ˽󣬱Ϳ׽ʿʱΪҶСҪѰ
ҶСƽƽıѾɱʮʿиԪӤڵʿڤ֮о;˶Ρ񲻹ħʿħȹԪӤڡڵʿˡҶС˵ȻϰߣҲһʿȴѾΪȫ֮¡
Ҫ֪סɱһµġܹסʱԽɱҶСЩʿס˱ѾΪ档ԭһΧȥЩʿȴû뵽˼ҾͶ֮Ѿɱɾˡ֪ԭǰǻûҪôЩʿˡ
俴ҶС񣬺ذޱϰΪ̸ЦţҶС񵽵ܵġ
в֪ҶСϸ˼龰Ȼ־ϲˡҪ֪ǸһǿĿɽҶСǿȻҲǸŷ޵ġ

˼֮˱׼תɡΪ£ҶСĺ󷽵ʥ沿ʲô⣬ü䳤ϴŲʿһͬǰȥӦ
ڻתɵ·;֮ϣҶСȻ֪Զɽδڴ˵ԭȻΪˣȻڱչˡˣȻһȺ˵Ϊˡ
ԭһȺǰɵʿжٶˣԪӤڵʿʮҶСɱģѾǱ˻ɱ֮ʿˡ
ʱҶСŷֺȻҲһһֱδһ¡ȻδȥϸʣȴҲ֪䶨Ȼ˲ˡҲ֪ҲԴ꣬Щ°Ըֶǿ
⣬Ҳ˺ذޱȻǲʺѡԶɽڶ֮б٣ӻصСȻʵԶɽԷʵȻԶʤڼֽջɴ󣬲ȥӲƴ
ǺذޱԸȫ֮ͬ˼Զɽ͵ϮˣЩɽһʱ䰴಻סŭ㹥˳ȥ
׻˵ûܲסһȺǡȻʵףȴҲܲס̫ࡣȻֵֿܼҲɱ˲Уɺܿս֮СѶ֧Ԯʥ沿λǽΧгʿһٽлҶС

ҶСعɵĵڶա
һ֮УҶС˿һ̸֮¡
ЩʿȻҶСļ˶ǽڵΪҶСһĶԳʶ֮̽ǵļ䡣Ҳ֪ǵͷ
ҶСû뵽⻹һ׮ɳЩʿȻڳĴ֮һĳǹȡǹҶСȻδȥȴӴеλΪĶˡ͹Сӣ
ǹȵСҶСԼΪԼȵҶԨһ֮ͬʱҶС׽ݵǸʿĸףǹȹǵʱҶԨϵħħӹɱһƷ֮ˡ
ҶС벻ôȥûʲô飬ȴšԼ¶ԭҶС⡣ǰڤع鶫ݣڱ߾ȹһȺ巢ͻʿͷԪӤʿǳǹȵһʿҵҲڲ֮УǼҶСġʱΪڹ֮УҶСδע⵽ˡ
һһϳҶСȻ͵͵鱨ݻ˳ǹСЩʿ͹һǵĹƺ֪ΪǷڵĹȻչꡣǹ֮ʱ㽫ҶС׽أŹغ׸ġ
ȴʧˡԶԶ͹ɵʵû뵽ѾжԪӤʿǾȻһʱ֮޷ɽšδ뵽ģǻдĸ߽ʿǰ֧ԮȡһֱҶСһĶס

̸ģ޷Ǻ浱δ֮¡ҶСȻ¶ǳǹȷЩ˵ʿʧȥ磬Ȼưոݡ
ǳǹȴҲһڵĹѡʥ沿֮ɵʵսǳҶСֻҪǳǹǷڹҲʲô̫ǡ
˶ҶС񵱳ںⶫڰУԴ˲֪ȻһΣЩһƣôļûǿɴɾҪΣˡ
ԼĪնѡ֮ڱɳڶʿ嵽ǳǹΧʱʱųǹȺͳı仯ͬʱ䣬ҲȥɽŶҪ̵ʱ֮ǿԼĻɴɴʵ飬Ȼǽ⼸֮еõ洫˿ˡ
ҶСֽһʱɱȺʿ֮ﾡѹ˳һƷʲƷɽҪȥ֮⣬ʮƷɽ뵽˽֮У滻˽֮еĶӦʮƷɽʣ֮ҶСһδĶȥѡȡ
Ϊ涼Щʿ֮Զʥ沿֮еû̫ôġѾõ˲ٺôҶСħʿķΪͬ壬෨ʮ˳֡ҲװҲһΡ


 Ԥ
ҶСһϸ֮г˲ľ˴ҩӡжȻȥϸϸˡһΣҶСѾǽ֮ڵлƷǸߵҩӶȥ
㣬ľǿܹҩܹﵽˮ׼ҩҲҪǰЧΪǿҩѾܹȫ֧ߴʥ沿֮еʿˡԴԴϵҩ֧֣ݵʵȻһʱ֮ʼٶһµ̨ס
ԼôĶȥ֮ҶСҲⲻ֪ܰȻǶõʱץ
һֱԼĳǿƣѹԼȥ׵ġָоÿʱÿ̶ôܵġ

һ֮ҶС֮бչ
ı䣬ҶСڵʥ֮֮ҶСٶ֮бܵǰȥ֮ʱ䵱ȫͬĸܡҶСʱۻɢȻƱȼ䵱ǿĸоָоں֮ʥ֮󣬳ûиܹܵյĸо
ʵ仯Ĳۻ񣬶ҶСԼۻѰɢЧиܴĲ졣ǲΣǱһֲٶɢۻ߶ɢԶȥôΧôٶһ֡˲佫ߣҲͬʱ֮䲹
ЧҶСʱ仯޴󣬶ٶԶѰܱ֮ȻΪʡΪڣҶСڿԾ˵ˡ

ҶСصɵĵʮա
֮糣һֶʿǺȻܵ˴֮дһɳҺ嫵ơһɰ
Ǵ翴ȥܹõߴȻһΪɢһĨ⣬һ֮󣬱Ϳ֮ɢȥһˮ沨һɢȥ
ţıߴγһԴֳƯ֮ϡ
һ̣ЩͷɢȥͻȻ֮еʲôһջһ˲㱻˻ȥ
ҶС񾭹⼸ЩʱľޣڵΪϵĺʵҶСҲڲȥѹΪȻȻı׵ԪӤΪ
ҲǷҶСϣȻ統һʿȥԼѹԼΪġ
ҶСһɹףв˵ע⡣
˱㶼أҶСЦӭ˵ʱȴذޱδڴ˴ԸǲҲ˵ùȥǺȻҲûӰһʣ֪Ƕ˳ȥɱڳĿʿȥˡ
ҶСǲδ֣Ϊ֮ǰıΪ˲ٵ߲ڸȷǴӳǹȳʿݣôȷ㹻Է֮󣬱ֱӽԷɱ

ת֮䣬ǰʱȥԭƻʿĺذޱڻصڡ
һ侲֮ڣҶСźذޱ鱨
ʦ֣Ϣǲм١ޱһر뵽˳֮УƺɺɢڵõϢ֮Ѿ׼ˡò˼գͻдʿˡ
ϲм˷ܵ˵
Ϣ٣˶ĸ߽ʿ˵أոƽһЩĶҪˡǸǻǻ㲻ҵȾ;챦ˡֻԬ̵Ǻˣһ֮ԣ˶֮ͣ
ҶСϢƽֻЩɻϢĳһɢޡҲһ֮ԣȻ˴ľޱ䡣
ʦ־ȻûŹˣЩŵʵԬ̾ݴһλһҹеһδκιȴƾǵһдΪȻɢޣΪҲߣڸ֮ȴΪϱԭһɻ֮лʲô춯Ļ˽Իǰ֪ɢ޵Ҳһλˡ
ԭһκذޱ֮󣬻һ˶벻Ϣڳ֮дʿ׼ڽ֮и֮Сһεڶʿ֮лǳʿѣвңԶʿЩ˻ͻȻ֮䶼ԶһСطȤԭһλɢ޼򵥵һ仰Ѫڣݶ챦콵
νѪڣʵָ֮еһ澰˾ÿϼһΣÿһγ֣֮дһЩСĲԭȴ֪һΣ챦ǵص㣬Ȼⶫˡ
ǶǸʲô»ãԼʵǿ󣬾ܾʿĽУ챦ĶʵһΣǸոƽĶݾҪΪսˡ
ˮڡ䲻¾ͷڶݣҶСȴҲ֮ˡ¼Ȼ޷ǱԼǡ⣬ҶСȴҲа֣챦һ㶼Ũ֮س֣һôǡɾͳԼոͳһ˵Ķһνûһֵעĵط
⣬Ԭ̲֮ʮ֣һȴֻʮ֣֪Ϊαȥ֡
¾һεѪ֮սв¶ѡںذޱ֮󲻶գ½½ʿפ˶֮С

򣬳ǹС
һŨصֵƽС֮УͻȻһ˲֮ÿХһʱƱɫ
һ̣ͼǹȿͻȻһɢȥ֮󣬱ǹȿڴһˡ
ӭأ
ѵȺСǰʮһ˳֣̹ݵ
˹ȴֻǺӦԴֲ˵ؼʱ̣ͻȻٻΪ£
ԭʱδʱȴЩ˸ٻ˳Ȼˬˡ
Ī֣һҵȶϹΪԬڱտڲ֮ͻȻٶȿڡ
˵ţ˱㽫Ԭ֮Ժƾ˳
棿
ǧȷ⣬һСϢҪʮǰǽٳٹ֮ȻҵҲڶ֮У
ڵСʿȻţ
ƺѾ׵ԪӤڡѾѡʮԪӤںͽĽսǿʿǰȥˡʱ䣬ӦþͿˣ
ЩҶСȴ֪ɳЩʿȻ֮ǰͱҶСһˣ
ȻǹȵķڹȻأôºܿҲⱩ¶ˡҶС˵鷳ҲͲԶˡ

һգÿһ춼дʿݡһ統ֻаƴСĵطѾĴܼʿӰˡжܵڵĵͽʿҲ֡һʱ䣬ԭפڴ˵صߴ֮иΪ徲һЩ
Ȼ绹֪ⶫݱصߡȻ֦ͬںΪһˡȴ֪翴ʵСĿ߸ɾȻ֪ĵӣȻһɽŲջǿţǲһʿɽšԭиѵʿӣҪһǾɣȴľȻ򲻿ǻɴ󡭡


 ǿϮ
ҲͶˡϾһɽźҲòȥҲûʲôںġ
ֻǣһգȴһô˵Ĳ֮ͣ
ˣǱƺΪħĳǹȹ顣
Ѫ֮ջЩʱգⶫݵΪҲԪӤڶѡЩڵǻǶδġǹȵĳħһ⡣ĵҲ˵⡣
ħƺʮֱŭһһֱ⡣
˲֪Ǻԭ򣬿ҶС˿֪ΪǹȵĹν³ɺˡҶСȻΪĽٳСӣڲ֮ǰһɱ˳ǹȵʿ
֥СҲơ֣ã޶һ֮ڴɽŴ󣬽ǹħŰҶС񣡲Ȼݹֱ˼ݣˣ
ڣŷصͬͰһĻɴе˶ͬһҲҵôʱνɵʿȻħֱƿɵĻɴ󣬾ҪץҶСˡ˵ظʿ٣Ҳò˼ԼݣȻɲ󣬵ͬɣħԼǳĴ֮һ˲ɷ˵ĹһССɵɽţ˳ȥЩ˵ȥ
ˣô죿ħΪڣɳʿҲ޷õͻȻ
⳾һԼģʾ
ħ̫
˾䡣ԪӤڵʵ̫࣬Թ°ҲֻԼεһ䡣
޷̽鲻ҲҶСƽ˵˻Ȼڿοһ֪ģ⳾ġʿӰЩʿ̽õġҶС˵֮ʱĿһֱһƺһֱ˼ʲô˼һҶСĿֳ֮һּᶨţ˵ǲ̫ģȥǣ
С硭
޵ĵקסҶС˵ȴֹ
С񣡲ز⻤ɴԪӤʿ֣ǷʿҲܹһġ
˿Ҳɫ˵
˭ףҶСܹԽΪֵԪӤʿȴȵںԪӤ֮Ĳ죬ǽԪӤʿ֮Ĳܱġ
˿Ҳ˵ˣ⻤ɴ󶥶Ҳֻܹһѡһȥֵ֮ΣҶС˵꣬ݷԳһִݣֵ޿ɱ⣬ҼȻȥӭսȻ̣ǲ̫ġ
ʲộ
ȻҶС˵ȴǲģ׷ʵһ˫Ͱ͡ˮˮ۾ǰҶСץøֻС֣ڱĵĲδһ֡
ǺǣɽƣҶСЦЦָıӣ˵ʱ䲻࣬ЩҪáĪǺԺ֪ˣ
ȥ
ذޱǰһᶨ˵
ʦҪȥӭսǷʿȻҲңҲǰһᶨ˵һģһ䣬㻰ת䣬̾˿ʦ˼Ʋʦ֣Ըңȥˡ˼ڣ˴Ϊѱӭжˡ
һλҪǶˡǣʥ沿λϣҲҪǵİǡ
ҶСͷʥ沿ʮλ˵
ξʹҲЧ
֮һ¹ϣҲ˵ΣҲǴݺڶ峤дΪѣҲЧάҶСġ
ãλ飬ģ
ҶСλʩһ˵Ҳٶԣǳħһӵʱ䣬ҶСҪкβãҪһ֮ɵġ

һ֮ɵĴȻһȱڡ֮һݹҶС̤ޣһһ
Ǻǣ¹
ҶСһڣǽ¶ݹ͸СյĳħǺһЦ˵̬ƽħǹʽһ㡣
ߣС֪ٳҶֹħ度Ԫʾ˽ոһˣ
ħҶСһ׽һĻֶ˼ŭҶСƽƽ˵Ǵ˵µʿ֣ͽҶС˻ȥʾһˡ
ҶĳͷٹһҲ³򣬱ԭδ˺ٹ֮ģҲ赹ԣֺδͻڳ¹ˣҶСһȫδѶԷŭģΧڸɵʿһĸ˵ϴһֲ޵˵ڳ¹˵Ҷĳħ年һ£֪ǴӺ˵ħ年ᣬʱͲᾲڴˣų¹ˡضԴ˳¹Ҳ֪ħʵس¹δǰɣ
ҶСһ仰ڰָħ֪ҶСħ年ᣬȻҲˡ
ǳħȻк޼ҶС񣬿ȴǰӣֱӶ֣ȻѾͷҪȥǡ
ħ˵ҶСȳڣʵǰЩɱʮԪӤʿʿΧգӪǧɸЩһ֪¹֪£
ߣδᣬ㻹˵£Щӳ֮δȥһ㽫ôˣ콻
Ǻǣ¹ˣССɣĪǳ¹ΪЩ΢˽ߣҪҴɣɷ緶Ȼɣ
Сɵʵβ˵Ҳ֪СطиѵԪӤʿѾˡʮԪӤʿٶʿΧɵʱڳҲ֪ǹԭǴɵ˼ˡһʱ֮˽۷׷ס
ʵԴСֻ̫֮ǱĹǫ̀ѡ񹫿˵ǳħȻҪҲסˡ
ߣ޳С˱ԣʾҪ㣡ĪҪٹҶһˣٽҳǹȵӣұ㲻˵ȵ鷳
ħȻľȻҶСϻƺҪħҲ֪Ϊˡ
Ǻǣǹȵĵ¿ɽôĸ߽ʿɻɴЩͣͻһˡĪǹɵӹգЧͻȥ˳¹Գ¹Ҫˣ
ҶСǺһЦһصǳʱģǳħȻԺľֻ͵͵µжݷ߾磬һΪ¡󱻾紵֮ϸǿʼһĵȻҶС仯ǰȻȫ׼
ĪҪϻ㵽ϲߣ
ȻħԺľݺݵʵ
²Ը¹һأ
ҶСβģһڣҶСϵȫΪȻ˼£µ޶ݹһһ˼£ֱӳŻɴ֮ȥ
ɲˣ
ҶСĻһڣħȻٰ಻סŭֱֳ̽ҶСץֻצ̧ǾҶСԭ֮ȴƾճһֻ֣ݺ߬ȥ
ҵҶСһ׼˵Ѿƾжݷ˿ȥȻͶ㲻Ϣһ󲻴ǳħٶȹȻ˽˻ɴ֮С
ħһɣ˲С⡣Χ۵Ҳû뵽ҶСܹÿղǶ֮ʩչĶòǰһڳԪӤʿ٣ؾԪӤʿҲԼĶܹϵҶСİɡ
÷ʿһԪӤʿȻһЧħʱ߳ŭڶת˲


 
ħƺҶСһԪӤʿǶһССĻɴδԲδʲô֮࣬ڶ±Ī۵һֱɵĻɴ
ɻɴǿħԷڵΪһƵȴԾ޷ƿɵĻɴ
ҶСȻ뵽ɴ֮УȻһƲδһӴĳĴڻɴϣȴôȻ첢֮һҪֻ֪һѡ
ʱҶСص˻ɴ֮ʱ˿Ȼٶһʱơбɵһʿһ̣ɿܾҪΪսԱĻսҲҪɼˡʱ˿ҲԼıαͼǰ޵ֽ֮αͼΪܱҶСʹ֮ʱ֪ǿ˶ٱ񣬱ǻסɵһʿҶС޺֮Ǳǡ
ڻɴĺһرĿյ֮ϣȻʮͷԶΧһĵģǲԶ֮ΪǿͷҶСһһͷǰҶСΪ˽ƳƮĹһ˲С񾭹ʮĻָͻָøʤաҶСһֱħ٩Ϊʱ䣬ȡ㹻ʱ䲼ЩԶޡԶ޵ĲòδǼƹǣҪӦά֡һƶԶޣҪʥ沿ʮλϺͺذޱȼλԪӤʿһֲͬڶʱɡ
ЩԶޣΪǿһҶСܷͦһصҪ̡ҶСһвãԴΪԴͷ
ЩԶ޵ֻһͷҲ㹻һʿһˣôĲԶޱҶСһǲһ룬һʮֺˡ
ĳǺͰԼذޱڴ֮ҲδȥһҲڲԶ޸ڱҪ֮ʱΪҶСṩԮ֡
Ⲽ˲Զ޵ĿյϷҶСԱ˿αװ˿м˿˵еĹЧǿҶСδЧҶСȴڵһν䲼úõʱͼʶˡҶСţǳħǸڵʿҶСԻ֮ʱҲܹһۿ
һжѲϣʣµľͿҶСܷǳħ뵽֮УܷŲԶ޽ħˣ
ҶС취ǵһʹˣֻһεĹģԶȵԪӤʿӴͺࡣֻǣԵĵҲԶǵܱˡ
ת˲֮䣬ɻɴ֮ĳħȻΣȻһαһεĹǿǴ濴ȥƺûʲôصĻɴȻһֱơ
˳ħԾǰʧ˼ӣŭһ˲ϺȻֳһĨҹĻӰҹ֮оȻ׺ŵ㷱ǣڲϵҫš˵ǺҹĻӰΪ·ͽǺҹһ㣬Ǽ򵥵Ĵڼʲô֮ࡣ
ҹĻӰȴֻһšһ˲ڳħǰ֮ϺȻһתŵ亮⣬͹ӻľӨ
ħȻʧȥԣȻһֱĵⷨŵһ֣ǹ⣬̻һ㣬ڰ￴ȥҲɷֻϧЩǹⲢǼ򵥵̻˹ͶѡʵȴҪ֮
ǹһ֣漴ӭ缴˲㻯һŵĹıţֱɵĻɴȥ
һ˲֮䣬⻪֮ɵĻɴ֮ϲϴŲϵĹһ˲֮ɵĻɴܿ쿪ʼôоҪѵļ
ҶСʱ࣬ͳɴ󣬷ǳħʵۼǳħĹӰһ£ҶСҲžܹҪ֪ԼҪ˵õ뽫䱾֮веġ
龰ҶС˼һ֮·֮ϵûΧӴһЩ֮һͷ뵽֮Сһ̣õҶСźţ˿㽫ɵĻɴȥ
һ˲֮䣬Ļɴڵһγ׹رգ
û˻ɴػħǾŵĹʱûļź󷽹ȥ¶ڵɽ֮ϡвԭɽڣȴҲһ֮ºȻȥҺ˿˵һƾ˵ػңԶҲСδܵ
û˻ɴǳħҲ˴ΡһۣѾ֪еĴŲǰһƬڱߵİŨķָԣһ֪ġʶ̽ĸȻ֮ˡһƬ֮󣬱Ƕһʱ֮еʿˡиߵĲǽڣ͵û׵ĵͽʿ붨Ȼɵˡ
ЩͽʿħǲмȥǵġҲΪһֲмҶСȥĹǡ˿ױԼݵЩӢʱ֮ˡ
ħʶҶСԻǺεԳһֲмЦݣһ˾䣺С
Ϊ֮Ȼиʶ̽ȴ޷赲һʿʶ̽顣ֻϸһ̽Ѿ֪ҶСУһˣ̽鵽༸ԪӤʿΪʿҲСб㲻ɲ²⣬ҶСȻƾʵֵסԼЩ̫͹ʿʵˡ
ֻǴʱħȴԼȻ̽鵽Ի֮һɹɵЩϢȴ޷̽鵽ǵȷλá
ħֱӲٿžŵû˸Ӷǹ⣬һööĶĿĺҳ·ȥȻҲҶС˵ȷλãȴӰĹʹֱԾŵ޲𹥻ҲҶСֵܵġ
ҶСǵ͹˷ʿĹҲһʧ㡣ŵĹȻǿһ˲֮䣬֮ж÷·ĩһ㡣һɹɴűȻ䣬ҪһȦȦನصͬʱֿʼȼ档ڴ˵ص˶Ϊ֮ȻĲҲ޷ֵס
ܹΪؼĳ˶ѾԼȫΪڵֵ֮⣬ҶСڰ˵ֵЩֱ֮ӱ˶š
ҶС£һ֮£ɢȥ뿪ҶСļƮ֮Уϵһ㻯֮㣬еʿͲԶڶУʹǱŵֱӹ
ҶСʱȴδķ֮£Ϸ˻齣󣬽еʮűɽûʮű޴ķɽϻƣÿÿйǾ޽նȥԾжȥϵıܡȻҲ֧Ŷõġ
ɲ֮䣬ҶСȻֵ֪ʱǳħȻʵʵĹȻҲȫֵġ
ǳħ˾ŵǿĹոտʼʱھɵԶȻһݹڼĳɵķӽšҶСжݷȫʩΪȻԶԶѰԪӤʿ˵ĶȴҪʤҶСжݷȫ֮ʱ
ҶС󲻵ǿй֮ʣԼȻԮ
ֻǣȻԮǿݹȴ÷˶ҲֻԪӤڴԲ磡ʿȻ֮Ĳ࣡


 ʦԮ
Σ֮ʱԮԼģȻǸǶԼһɵͷģʱΪȶµʦʵȻ̫ʦͽ֮Եʦ𡪡ݰ
Ҳ֪ǴӺ֪ҶСʱֵΪѣʱֻϧдģȴ֪ǷдҪ֪ҲԪӤڴԲΪǷڵʿ֮о޴ʵࡣ
ǳħȻҲѷֵڵˣȻ֪Ϊ¡ħҲ֪ҶСݰĵӵġ
ݰδ鷳ǸӣĪ㻹Ҫ˻ˮ
ԶԶģħݰȵڽ׵֮ǰݰʶ֮жҲЩϵܻмġ
ϷһͽܣָСĸգҪɱӲܣ
ݰȻΪԷ֮ȴްʾ
ǿս飬Щƹ˳Ҳ̤ƽССĸԷ壡ֿԣݹֱˣ
˵⻰ħּһӲӵķһֱǷͬһԵķһⷨˮֻ̣һܻҪԶʤڼ·֮޲𹥻ľŵ
ǾˮֻһɳûҫĿĹԣâ֮ʤȻʤ֮еաֻ˱󷢺⣬չôҡ⾵ˮֻҫ۹ţת֮ͳݰײȥ
ݰ䷨Ҳʾ±ҲһǼηһһ޸ֻǾ޸һ֣һϵɱƱɢɢɫ⣬һ±㳯Ǿˮֻ¡ϾһǷһԪӤеĲ֮Ǿ޸ȻҲСȴֻǾˮ̵ֻĹһЩѣסȥƣ±㱻ɳȥ
ţˮֱֻ̱Ƕη֮ϡǿ״Ҳ֪һԳħĹȴʾԵơǸոһײۿҪơڴʱּݰ黯ڿпٵ趯ɲ֮󣬱ǰ۳һŷǷ֮ϵķȫɢŽӲӵĹԣһֹµĸܡ
߳
ݰһ漴ǷĳһŷȴҲһ·ɳɳ·֮ȴӰȻҲһʵķֱǰľˮֻײȥģܹüЩÿһŷ涼вͬӰ̾ϣЩоʮţ˵ΪڷʦҲ輫֮ˡ
ı֮Ǿˮֻ¶˱壬⻪ȫɢڴʱݰºȻֳһͷ޴ͬСɽһ㣬̵ľ޴ܡܵӴޱȣ䱳֮ϾȻһЩ״֪һȻϹˡһʲôѰܼϧƷ֡̾һ֣һţǿɵͷ˳ȥֱǾˮֻ̲ƶȥ
Ϊ󸣬֮һĴڡݴڸһƶĽӿռ֮Уȴû뵽ݰȻ併ΪԼޡ
ֻ³һͷҲûէ֮࣬ûκֱӲס˾ˮֻ̡һס֮󣬱һص˿УһȻǾˮֻ˶Ƥ
ǳħҲǵһμޣȥٻˮֻ֮ʱŷ־ȻӦˡƺ뾵ˮ̵ֻϵ׸
ħ裬ȻһԪӤ޷ٽһķ˷ʱ߳ŭŭһˮֻ̣ƿ޵ĶƤ
˵ţֱӼ䱾ֻð赴зɳӭ缴˲ûʮɴСǰΪ̫ǿ󣬶ڱϵͼʵ̵׳ɽˮһʿΪ֮ȻǷƷⷨԻɽӣݴһ룬ܵ룬˫ںһһͨ¡¶˵Ȼˡ
˱֤ųħڶˡ
ҶСδ뵽ݰͻȻижȻ˵ȴҲΪݰһţǳħʱδȥעˡһȻͲȥ뵽֮УҲԽ뵽ҶС֮ˡҲҵݰѰԪӤڴԲʿŵĴԲʿȻż·ʿĹҲֵµġ
ΪݰͻȻ룬յ֮Ҳòıˡ
ħĹ֮죬ҶСҪһݰЩҲ޷ǰڽɽһҶСȫ켣Ȼͷ˹ȥ
ΧκԵķȴҶСڶʱ˾ѽ̹ҶСҲڹԻ֮Уϳ֮ͻȻֳһҫ۵ˮɫԣ֮ͬʯһĹҶСɢ
֮⣬ֳһıҶСΧ
һƬӨɢȥ֮󣬱ҶСʱζȻɳ˼ɣߴﵽ׶ߡȻδöô࣬ͬԭһȴʮ㣬ʮּʵĸо⣬ı仯ϰѾȫһӨ׵ϸۼ֮¡ۼʵ̫ϸһЩϸĿȥ޷óҫ֮£渲һʯһ
ҶСʩչĻδ󷨡ֻڶʩչԪӤΪ͹ĿƸʤκҶСϸ֮ʮ꣬ľɢϴǰȻ۳˵һƬǳۼף֧ҶСȫʩչĻǴҲǻĲٵѣȴ統ԺԼɲСˡ
һʩչĻδ󷨣ҶСƺϢ㳹Ϊ֮ı䡣Ϊ˱ҶСҲûʲôñˡΧԶŲٵɵʿڹۿŴеսġûܹõһԪӤʿܹơΪҶС˵ĸоѾǿڲһҲҪԼͽܵĹִͷݰ
ħҲû뵽ԼΪһССĶ֮еһи֣ʵȴԼһָܸ֮еһӣԼô鷳ûԼͷɱĴھȻͷų˺嫵ơһƣĸоѾǿ˺Ĵˡ
һ˲ҶСӰٶȳֻ֡һƬ޺֮䣬ҶСȻٶԻϷͬʱ˫֮һֱΧһȦȦתķʯϢıһֱ֮ȴɫķܹһеĿֲϢǿ
ΧҶСΧģʮű޽ֻʮű޽һΣһġһһֻȥ˲û콣Ӱ֮ȻҶС齣ǧŰٱɽ֮ǰδı䡣ÿһɽȴȴǰǿ˰ٱǧԭÿһɽֻɴСȴÿһʮɵĴСǽâͬʵһʵ˿κʵɽۡ⣬⽣֮ɵķɽӰԶʤǽ֮еɽ֮һɢƾ㹻ˣǱǿڳĽ޶Ϊ֮ĲΪ⽣֮У˶ķɽƺÿһǵıɽҪ϶٣


 ˽һ
ΪҶСʩչĻδ󷨵СҶСʵ⣬ҪʵΣܹҶСһܹдƣҶСԼҲм⡣
ֻһƬ嫽Ϊһ׳ľһڱ㽫Ǹոջ޹˼Űľŵȥһ˲Ľ㳹û˾ŵĹԡóħǿкŻ֮ʣȻûκεĹԣǻһ˿ѡ
ħΪڣʱܹ˵衣첻ΪһԪӤڵϼһȻһé®С˷߳ŭĳħʱʲô桢ʲôͬŵȵȣٲȥ˼ħֻһɵͷϲûԭġ
˷ڣǿҲѾʮǿǳħһʼŻܹ۳ӰʩչǰǿĹ֮⣬ħ֮һǿ˵طɽԼ֮С˷һֱ֮ո֮ǰһαչرΪ˷
ħұۺȻԽǰ֮һ㣬ͨһ˲ͻȻɫұ֮ϡħǳҶСλƾһץҶСĻ齣֮ƾճһֻӨ񣬵ƻֺ֡һŴ֮󣬾ȻܹҶС񸲸СյĽ󶼳С
ȻһɲǣһŴֹȻͳҶСͻ齣һͬݺ߬ȥǰʩչЩ⹥ֱرʱǰץҶСһӰֱСҼһˡ
ħΪʿ乥ѸҶСһʱ֮ϰߡ齣ոƵ˾ŵⲻһת˲ĹҶС㷢ԼһȦƾճֵӨ׷ҫ۹⻪ĸ߸Χǽ֮СҶСǲԽΧǽȻǳħŴˡ
֮һ֣ҶСУܵƺ̺ʲô󣬾ܹѹһУҶСڽĿƱ㶸Ȼһֻ͡ϰһ֮󣬲佣Ȼ֮һ֡
ǣֽǽҶСѡһ˲ֱŻصһݺݵ߬ȥһʱ䣬֮ԭΪĿƶ˲ɢȥ֮ͻȻһƬһ㡣ҫۣһȥ˾ôۡڴ˵أ֮еǴֵĹҪȥ
ڳʿһ澰ʿĳ֣ѰʿҼʶģһʱ֮䣬һʿԱ𾪵ó֮ͣеۡ
ԭ齣ҶСʹ֮»ͬˮһͣȴ˺ݺݵģǴһ±һСһҶСδһ˾ȻǿơǶԷǿԼֱҪܹʵ߷塣еҶСܹеĸܵõвࡣ˭ܹõܵĽȻҲᱻһǿĹ֮С
ҶСȴҲԴСǴֺݺݵѹ֮еĿռ䣬ǽ֮еķɽǴֵڱڲײĦԾ޷ֵ䲻ϽĽ֮ʣҶСҲȫȫĵֵһС֮еĿռ䡣
ǴԾһƬϵı֮֮мսۿҶСûռ֮ʣȻͼԭͲҶСֱ֮ϵʯȻʢһ±ȥһ˲֮ҶС˫µϰĲ֮¡
Ʒ̥ıɽһ֣ⱾɽҲΪ˳ҵĻͼıϢȻⱾɽƷɽ磬δƷףɢȴѾ֮ǰԲֱͬ仯ΪǰҶСڷɽ֮ں˴觺ͱԭ
ɽһ֣ҶСδϰԼ˫۵ı涼ϣƷ̥ԵϡֽȻͬһںڵʯϢһԴԷϢƷ̥֮ϣǡǡƷ̥֮ϵıϢӦ
̥ΪʯĲƶâǣȻﵽʮɡҶСȴҲͨ帲ڱ˫ɫ֮¡ţҶСֳƷ̥һɳ죬ӽػ֮гٶ֮죬֮󣬹Ƿͷĺܹ֮ۼᷢȥҶСȻܹӰΪ伲ٵķΧ㲩Ŀռ䶼Ȼ֮ʹ忴ȥ·͸ëһáΪֵģɹ򾹻һƳֻ֡ǶԴˣǷɹаһҶСԼҲ˿֪ġ
Ȼ֮䣬ͼҶСƺѾƷ̥Ϊһ塣̥˽ǣʯֱз壬ҶСǻ˽
ǿУҶСȻȥ˼ʤѾֻȫս֮СȫܣֻΪսս
ۼǴԽ߬Խ˶ΪеҶСǿвĽҲԵֵһˡڼʶǴȻȫ߬һȭͷָϵĦΪ߬øһЩһ
ͬʱܵ˳ħݰҲҶСΣԭݰѱڼҶС˴ʱΣȴƺǱԼԵΣոӼһ£ͼݰͷųһһ֣еľݰǰһķҲһֱҶСȥڳħЩӵо춯ܵĹû˻ȥעݰЩʵʵҲʮǿ͸û˻ȥע⵽ݰֱҶСֱǴּٹȥˡ
ȻʱҲ˿üݰķҶСķһ˿οʱ򣬲ֻعԵֵȻƿ赲ںһµķֱݰİڽɽֻǣǷʿħŭ֮µһȻԼʱڵҶСϵݰٶȼ˸ַŵķֵ֮ȴֵǳħĹ
ʱݰҶСȻϵĹԡһ˲һͻȻûһɢŸͼķԣǷĴһˡ˵ˣΪΣȴˣһݰѪοܡƺݰȻ֪ԼӣԱ㽫Ϊˡƺڴϣܹ̳־ȥ
οһ֣㶸Ȼʧ֮ʱѾһŴֵԱߡݰȥʹһ㣬һֱ۱㻯˳ì״ֱǴִȥ
׶εĹ⻪˸֮ʣǴ־ȻҲ汻һ顣ȴЮϵܣʱһɷ֮˿ȥҪʩչڶι֮ʣȻͼ乥ƵһЩ΢˿ڴǴ֮ϺȻϵĲڲʲôڲϵĺһ
һ̣ı֮֮һС˿ڴȻƿһĺڶһ˲ڶ֮бɳһΣƷ̥ΪһҶС񡣶ģһɽ
ҶСٶȼ죬һֱǲһУȫټǳħնȥ


 ؾ޽
ҶСܹͻƶ˶벻ıʣǳħԼҲԼĹȻֱһԪӤڵʿ˿ȥңۿҶСɽΪһ壬Ǿ޴ķɽ֮󣬾һ޴ķɽӰ
ǷɽӰǰʵȻͬʵһ㡣Ӱȴʲôȫǿ־ۣǶڽ֮򵽴һľ֮ǿ⣡
ҶСʱͻΧڼųħȥݰǱȴû˺ùˣʵ˴ҶС̣ǸոȴѾԶԶڰҶСʵûǿƲδǴ̫˵һҶСҪȫƿ乥ҪһġͺһûκʱҪ߬ʮֲףһƿǼ΢ССҲɽ߬顣
ݰۼǰһͬһıƿȥаԼ֮·һεǾҪڴˡźǾԼһҪ辶ҵһΪǿ󣬸Ϊӽ֮·Լ޷ԸˡΪοģȴȻ֮ǰڼͬԼѪܹԷˣҶСһ֮оʧοϣ
һ˲ݰʶͻȻһûͷ̽飬ݰҲ֪һںδ
ڼԶ֮һݹ⼱ٽӽšһݹٶ֮죬ڳƽδݹˣѶڵһʱĲˡֻǿϧһ̣ǰںɽݰֻ֮ʣȻǷʿҲǱ޳Īֻ֮ʵԽִ˱ǰںɽĹ⻪ɡ
˴˿̣ҶСԭԼĹȥħĹܹݽݰ֮ҶСǵ͹˳ħԼʩչ˻ݰǺݰһֱʱõҶСϡ
ݰڳ֮ҲСǧУĪǾҪڴˣ
ˣݰҲò
ʱ˶ΪݰҪڴ֮ʱȻһһĹԴֱֱݰǰںɽ֮䡣
Ȼı֮󣬲ſȻһ޽ƾճ֣ݰǰһٿǽڵֵ˰ںɽ֮ϵĹ⻪δͻȻ俪⻪Ȼ˲佫ǳħıںɽĹҲûȥ
֮˱ֻ֮һɾ޽ʵնһ״Ľ⣬ǰںɽ
ĸɫڱ˵ߣݰ֮Ҳ޷һƾճֵľ޽ںɽĶԻ֮Ρ
ı֮սŵĴɴ̶˶֪ս֮еľ޽ǷԼ˫ò
Ȼת֮ƣǼͬʱȴȻ˳ħͻȻһػһָأزһ¡һ£ԽʿܹܵΧ֮һ
׺η˽٣Ȼˣαηηβ
ħҲΪոյһӰɳȴͬ˶ݴصÿһ䡣
ݰֵ˰ںɽ֮˻δػҶСĹȻ
ҶС֪ʱʼһ˫ͬԨҲͬԨ֮е㺮һ㣬ĺĹԡת֮䣬˫۾ԭͬʯһĵۼҲһƬƬĿʼһĶΣҳҶСδۼ֮ǿȥۼ׵Ĳ븲ǣҶС˵ƶڲϵ֮С
һȣҶСĽ䱾ںΪһ壬ĽһںҶСƷ̥ɵľ޽֮Сÿһ룬һ֡⿴ȥҶС齣󼸺ȫںΪһ壬һһ㡣ҶСƷ̥ͷļڡ
ҶС񹥻֮ʱһֱҲûһĹУɢŹѪâֱħնȥ
ҶСǿɢƶ÷ʿҲܵһ˿˿вֻǳħƺܵ˸ղŵһܴСȻһʱ֮䲢δκεķֻƾԼĻֵŹ
ҲǣѰڵĻԪӤʿܹƵġ
ҶСʱȴΪĻδ󷨵ԵʣʵȻԶԶѰԪӤ磬ѾﵽһֽڷԪӤ֮ƣ佣ͺڵʯϢϢӵ˼ʿ
ҶСٶޱȣΪܵȫ뷨ɽһ㣬ҶСٶȻҪһ֡Ҳ֪ʱݰƻйֻҶСδѪâȻϢն˳ħĻ⡣
֮ǿ󣬱ھǿʦʵûرǿ󣬵ֻҪӵеĿ㹻ܵʵȴԶʦΪơֻΪƷĲϾѾʮϡȱοƸ߽׿ȱȷӸĶȴݰñѪۣҶС͸ö̻꾧ɣΪݰƵĿ֮ڡ˵ԪӤڣǾǵ˷ڣ֮УҲҵõһǿĿˡ
ѪâǳħĻ⾹ȻȻ£ϸһƣ
һƣħ±㼱æٻذںɽֻǿϧոһ޽һնȻˡڵʿҲѾԼıʱԮ
ħǽ׷ڶʿܹһ˵ģȻͬ׵ĴڡҲ˵һ޽˶ȻǷǸΪĴڡһֱδ¶棬˲ɫĹ͸˾ÿֲ
ˣħҪֵҶСĹ֮⣬˼ȴҪǿĵˡ
ʱδ̫ڷҶСȻ׹ƣƿһ֮ҶСĽ˿ûƫĹ֮ϡʯĳķɣɽĳһǧӲƹķڵĻһƬɫ⻪֮ɢ˿ȥ
һ˲˶ţһԪӤʿȻ˷ʿķۿҶСɵĽǳħȥ
Ϊǽ֮й̫ܼҶСٿأԲδ뽣׷ħǻһѪâֱںɽնȥƺҪ䳹֮һ㡣
ħһ⻯ɾһĽɣҶСǽһͬųħ·ȥĿ꣬ǲãһֱδóͷԶСҶСţħ˿ҲܹһƤοȻܵش֮
ջعҲɲʱ䣬Ǿɲʱ֮УҶСܷԽڳħ˹ؼ
۽ǽ⣬ڲϵĵֵɽĳħϲԳһֶݺݵЦݡʱȻȥͻȻٵľ޽˵˭Ҫһʱ֮оͽҶС񳹵ɱȻҶСĽ֮ÿһɽϵıܹ˲ɱκһԪӤʿԷʿ˵ȴԲһЩ
ܹһٻƳħĻ⣬ȻҶСʱļˡ


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Ȼû˻⣬ħȴѾӸձǾ޽𺳶ҵ֮лظ˹Ҳȥʲôķֻ̧ͬʿһ㣬ĳһӡ㽫Ľֵ⡣齣֮еʶʱԷڵĳħҲ𲻵ʲôõġ
˷ڣȻɵ֮ԪӤȫɱ䣬ָļ졣ǳħÿһιϵƶҪǿһΡ
ȥҶСδħ嵱УҪ乥˽ͻƳȥ
ҶС֮ϵۼҲ֮ȻһĺϢ֮ҶСǻһ㣬һֵַĶ˽һԽŨҫ۵ʥ⡣
ǰһƿħѾҶСһʧ˴ʱдϸ֮еԴԴ͹Ǵʱֽ֧ҲѾ޷ˡ
ҶС˲£һͷҲ˽УֱǳħײȥҶСҪħδָ̫֮ʣһٽ뵽嵱С
յвɣֻǿ
ʶ֮άֽҶСһ붼ҪƾǡֻǿϧΪֹҶСһֱδϰʲôķȻһȻҲʮֿɹۡ
ۿҶСֱԼħǲϲȻָ˲ٵûͻΪ˶ָһЩѡҲȻڽУĹȴΪĸ⽣ĳ̶ֳϵҲڱҶСԼ뽣ֱǺ⡣ڳħҶС˾ٵ鷳
ҶСԽԽħҲһͽҶСʰ׼ȻȥҶСϷϢǶڳħ˵δﵽܹ̫˼ɵĳ̶ȡ
ħҫ۹⻪ֱ֮϶Ȼâʤһ֣ۿҪֱҶСȥ
ʱҶСҲѾ͸ķʿһ䳹׶֮СҶСʶǿѾܵ˳ħֱ֮ϵҲ֪Ҫǿһ
ҶСȴδ˿˱ܵ˼ɼٵĳųħײȥֻ󱳵ҲҶСȫ֮¿ʼһĵߣϲϵţžžĵ
ƺħվҪҶСһδҶСкζǳħĹѾһǰΪǿȭӰֱҶС
ҶСҲʱ˫ֺʮȭһش֮ںʯϢֱۺȭͷۼҲ׷һ±øӺؼʵһ֡ҶСҲʱԺһһһȭͷ֮۵ĽȴǰδеҫۡҶСȭͷ棬ȭͷͺҶС˫֮һ̫һֱħһȭȥ
վʵ̫࣬ҶСжصʵӳɣڸոײһ˲ܿʾ˲СҶСۿҪ֮ʣҶСȻȭͬʱ֮ؾҶС
û˵ֵħĹƲɵֱӳűػҶСȥڽ֮б㱬һɾҵıѲҶС㱻ħһֱӺôӽ֮з˳ȥǻһһֱԶ˹ȥһҶСǿֵҲܵˡ
ħһ֣жһĨϲ⡣ȴǺˣԼȻΪ˻һԪӤʿԳϲһԪӤʿĳħ˵ʵ޷֮¡
ڳħĵ֮ʣ㷢Լ಻֪ʱֳһϢҲ֪ǺʱԼԵģתͷֻʶʶһ̽㷢˾ڳħԼһӰȻ뱻ԼɳȥҶСһ޶ֻҶСȥδʩչĻδ֮ʱһģһˡ
ħ⣬δüʲôӦ֮ʱͼһҶС񡱺Ȼ̧֣ûʲôر֮Ҳδ˶ٵ֮࣬ȴƫƫͬĸһʮֲֿĸо
ҶСǸոҶСǳħע⣬Լע͹ϸ֮ͷų
ʵ죬ôֱ˳ħȻ֮䣬һǻǰΪͻȻһɴС档ҶСƽʱʹõֱ廨޽֮Ĳˡ
һ֣㽫ħСħ±㷢֣澹Ȼͬƹ֮һٵĲϷԼԼѾɵ˳ħ
꣬һֱΪȻʮǿֻ꣬Ϊ޷ľ֣Ϊ֪ʵʲôˡ
ħոձɣϵͬʱЩһֱΧĽȴδΪҶСıɶһӶǱҩһĹħ
ǳħڲϵԼϵܸͬʱڲٿһϹųħʱħȴδ֣ҶСĽ󣬻棬ѹ֮롣
ħԼǽȱڱ䷢֣ܵĹҲʱֱҶСĳڳȥҲ벻һССҶС񣬾Ȼ·޵
ҪͻƳȥҶСѾǧ࣬ƴڳ׹µĻȴǷĺܡ
ҶСڱǹһֵַĴݻƬɢֽҶСĻȥǹҶСһȭ֮ȴδȫжȥȴҶСٶ֮ǿǿֵ
תһԼȻѾһȭ÷ɳ˽֮ңڴʱǡǡ˳ħ뵽֮УʶһֱΧʱҲݰȻٿǰɽӲš
ǷԪӤڵľԲࡣǳħܵһػ֮ȴܹڵֵҶСͬʱٿѾıˡʱҶСҲݰԶһɼǿϢڣֻǹϢһֱδԵǴ˵صʿ붼޷ֵġҶСҲܵˣһϢδʲôƵӣԱҲδ̫⡣
ȻҶСҲȻ֪һݰһľ޽ȴǴʱڳκһġһɾ޽ϢҶСļ֮ǼǵǺͻġ
޶ݹһΣҶСԭʧһɻرֱӽ뵽֮С
һ뵽֮УҶСǡǡԲһΪ׵һȺԶΧš
ת˲֮䣬ħ״̬ϵһ֮֮ſ԰Զ޵Ĺ֮ǺǱ
ǲԶ֮ΪǿıǲһʱħĿһĲԶ޻ΪĹ˻ǲò˱һ£һȴ·𲢲κһǳħÿһ¹ҲһЩˣȴ˿ˣһڿڵĲ˺ҧ׹ĳħ
ԶһΪسŵȻĳЩݺݵƭһΣһμȻҶСٶȴ˽ףԻԼĳŵδ뿪֮ǰҪҶСЧȫ
ҶСһ˻ҲٶȲٿ˻齣󣬼ѹһֱҪѳȥĳħͬʱ֮Ҳ۳ͣԶ޲ϵնųħ
ۼħǱҶСȴ뵽һԸõķӣ


 
ħ֪߲֪Ǻ޾رȻܹϵĺ˺Լһ㡣ԼԪԼ˺һġΪֲǣЩ޾ûʵ壬ΨԪ񹥻ܽǻˡ֮Ӵһʱ֮˿ս֮У޷
ʱͻȻ嵱ֳ˼ԪӤʿĸ߽ʿǵĹͬѹյһһǼճħ̧̧־ܽġɫȴ侳Ӿࡣһʱ֮䣬ħҲһǳ̲ϺϷƽȮ۵ıߡ
ʱ뷨Ȼ¡ڵҶСɱһ˲Ȼע
κһ˵׶ӱЮ֣ܻǽٳ֮˶ɱҪ˵ħҲûдҪ˵ģҪɱĶҶС񣬶һǲƣϷһ˿·
ʱħԲʱľΪҶСδʩչһΪ
ҶС뵽ķӣǾͳᣬֱʿʿ۵֮࣬ЩԶ޵ʳһ¶Ҳ޶洦͵ҶСĽ
ʱħȻ壬һʱ֮ҲҶСʶ֮Ĳ֮ˡ
ҶСҲȥֻǷڸ߿֮Уֱʩչһ鱻Զ˺ҧ֮󱻷ָһ˳ħĿƣҶСֱӽգ
һʩչҶСǰĵľ޴˲䳹׻ָΪҶСĻָ佣ҲٶȻָ˳һʱ֮ħһ㡣һʱ֮侹ȻԼʲô·
ҶСյҲԽԽ࣬ħҲѸٵȥƬ̣һֱ֮еİںɽѾʧȥ֧һֱӱƣҲݰµһȥ
ĸһС͵Ľӿռ䡣ԲܹЩб˵ϵںɽҲճ֣ͬһͷ뵽֮Уݰ̤ҲŽС
ħԽȥôƬ̣һΪѾҶСͲԶǶȡȥݰҲٶȼս֮Уħѹʱһ֡
ħ뵽ԼһԪӤʿ鷳һƴСƽʱԼŶҪĵطȻ뵽ݾءЩΧ޲ϵĽԼΪһֵַĸѳȥѾԱ󼸵֮Ѿʩչ
֪ˣħ˴󲿷ֵΪҲҪԼķȥҲԱ֤ԪֻЩΪչظԿɻָԼոշֻһƷ񣬾ȻᱻɱǱ֮е𽣵ȵȸصҲƾɢȥ
ҶСʱճħ˺ΪΪʵʿõȻʶ֮СֻΪǿˡЩȴ֮лõĲһϾЩɶǷʿڿֱӵҶСԼҪҲʮַ㡣
ҶСĵֲ֮ʶ֮㶼ȫҶСΪ֮ϡһսԭҲһСĽѣҶСǷøһʱ֮ΪǡÿһɲǹȥΪڷԵĸı䡣
ķʿڵȻΪڱҶС⵹ǻԶʤڤ֮Щޡħ
ܿ죬ħΪȻֻʣ˲ʮ֮һѣħԼҲھ
ʱսȻʼ˶ʱΪ˺ս֮нСֵܹסʶ̽飬ʿǲ֪״ġ
һΣħʧˡһϼţҲǱġĶٺ֮죬Ϊֱֻ˵ؽҶСܻأضҲûжʱ䡣
ҶСֱӽħɱ֮ʣߺȻһСְͣɣʱ˵㲻ɱȻ
ҶСףʦ𡪡ˡҲ֪ںδȴ֪֮Զ
ҶСȴҲô򵥵ľͷŹħڳĲԶ޺˴ħһԪҪȫɱͬʱҶСҲڳħ˿֪֮ʸԪơֶΪԼ֮˵ĽƲ÷ѰͬҲҪõʱ֮нϵĲöβſɷӳ
ҶСʱʩչƣȻǲܹһʿֻҪһֲӶѡҪģǾպħٶȻ˽֮µʱµֻ޵ĿֲϵٶѰͷˡ
ҶС֮ǳħҲѾ˥òӡǡǡʱҶСȻʶֳǿϢֱڵλ÷
Ϣ֮ǿһ֪̽ҲǷڵľʿ
ܿϢһͬɵ˴ǰѾڴ˵صһϢ֮Ϣһֱͣӷ뵽֮С
֮ѾսʱϢȻͿеľȻٶ嵱С
ҶСҲû˼ͷ±кŲԶ޺ֻͣóħ֮Уסǡ
ݼλǰ֪λɣΪ£
ҶС䲻ȵʺһ䣬ͬʱ֮еݰغϣɵһ
ԭϼһ粻ǻʱ򡣡
ݰȻǰΣǴʱȴͬһ㣬˵Ѱûһı䡣˵֮ʱȴһµòٸӶһ㣬֮ҲδˣǲɵˡˡǺϵˣҲǳеĴ֮ɵš
̣㵹˸ͽܡ֮ܣ
еһ˲䲻ȵ˵һ䣬Ҳ֪ǰǱᡣֻǴƺݰΪ̣ȴȻʹõơ
ٺٺ٣С϶ⱲǷ˴뱲ӣɻָͽյġȻǷˣ
ݰٺһЦ˵
Ǻǣ̵̣ĸͽҶСѡҵҲίߣֱֱ˵ˡʱ̶֮Ҳ֪֮Ѿǰӿ˵Ļ˵һ룬תΪʶֻڳüѡȻǰҶСġ
˵꣬˲һȴģ
˵ҺθɣҲ޹أҲܣˡ
˵⻰̱ѾȨ˦ҶС
û˵Ŀڣʱʿ飬ҶСҲ˵Ĳʶ໹˵ġ˵ʱȫֱӽ˾ߵġǴʱóȻ֣ô²ΪˣΪһֱδ¶ˡ
Ҷĳֲ֪ɣЮ˳ǹҲвСΡ˴㽫¹λǰϣ¾ʹһʹɰ֪ɷ񣿡
ҶС񲻱˵ѰԪӤʿеӺͷʿ˵ҶСʿɱûʲôҲˡ⣬ƺ⼸ʿҲѾҶСûô򵥣Ķ乧ݰǹʽͬƽҲпԭġ
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ʱݰͻȻٶ


 
ҶСȻӦ֪кθ߼
˿ԴߣպħѰҵȿǺãǲȣʦͽЩɱ֮ʱɲҪģٶҵȲ붫ݣ
ݰżֲ˵
µѣɷ죬ҪͷѪİɣȻҵҲʵѰ졭
һ仰Ƕǳħ˵ģνѪģΨǷ֮ĸԸſԵġ
ħƬʱ䣬Ȼָࡣʱ༸ܹȣȥһǲסո˵ĻҲȻǲǿҶСݰģҪ뿪˵ҲֻзѪˡ
ҲԣħѪ˵ԣ̤סݣٶҶС̵Ѱ𣬶ǾѪܵʲôٻһƾɢ˿ȥѪҲͳˡ
ٺ٣⻹࣡ݰٺһЦ˵Ԭ̵Ԥؼλţ֪λľͷҲжȡ֮Ⱑ
챦˭ҪǷڵʿҲ˷Ѵ˴λġݰʱ£Ȼδ˵˶ˡȻ֪к塣
¾һ˴˸˵ҵҲһͲˡ챦챦ľСȥɣ֪ǿΰ
ʵݰıҪĴɶӦ챦ġҲƻֻ˵ԼԲ룬ȴδ˵Ҳ˳ˣû˷ʿĲ룬챦ҶСĻȻҲǴࡣ
¹ٻᣡ
ҶС䲻ȵĵһ䣬ԸԶ˿ȥޱĳħҲڨڨķɵλʿԡ
̣ҶСѣԵټˣ
Ƿʿһٻᣬ༸һͬ롣뿪֮ʣЩʿ̲ס࿴˼·һͷͷǶܵвĲԶޡ
ʼգ˶δ˵һ仰˽Ƿݰд˶֪ˡ
һսκ˶δ뵽ҶС̾Ȼֵ˷ʿĹЩǳǹȹʼգݰһһ޽ںδȴûҲ֪
ҲѾ֪ĴǲãԬ̵ԤԶ޼ŹĶ֮лһǿĴڡ
֮һֱǲԻƵȻټҲйơһΣҶСɵǽԬ֮ԣٶöݵࡣ
һΣҶС֪ԭڸʿһﵽһĹģ֮䱳һͬһĴڡҲ˵ʿ˭ɱܹɱģ֮Ǵ໥Լ͸Ĺϵһʿôʵ½ڶʤ֮еĵλҲܵӰ졣һӰľͲǳǹһɣǣһȫ֮¡米ﰵӿԶôƽġң֮˵ĹϵԼһвЭͬӭУԲӴϿЩʿϽ༸ʿҲҶСɱħġ

ЩԶԶ֮еʿ֮УٶȻǰƹĻɴ
ʦ𡭡
ҶСимҪݰ˵м֮࣬Ǹ˵һ룬ȴȻݰϡ
ݰڰ֣һ䣺ûʲô˵ģϹͷҲûʲôáиǿǸ˳ɡ
˲֪ʱҲȻɴ֮ڣݰ˵꣬һ㿴ԳǸĺ⣬һλʮ߰ꡣȻ䲻ͬһ꣬һͯ츳׿ǺͯѾǽ𵤳ΪҲѾǽ𵤺Ϊ˿ڵΪ
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˾Ȼʶݰһʩǫƽͣ˿ûзʿļӡ
ԭˣ
ݰм־ȣδ뵽Լ֮˾ǰʶˡ
λʦԭʶΪȵľҪҶСˣû뵽ԼλʦȻʶġ
ҶСδһսҲûܵʲôˣһ
ʱҶС֪ԭ˲ǽ֮߳ѾҲ߸ı֮ˡݰԴ˵Ҳв裬ڶ֮ǰΪʶ
գλʦ֣
ռʦ֣ʦ֣
Ϊյģ˶Ľ𵤺ꡣ겻󣬵ȴѾʮֿ࣬˿ڵҶԨġ˵Ҳм֮һׯϡ䱳һһĺ޽һׯصĸо
ʦ֣ʦ֣
Ȼǽ𵤳ڵ߰꺢ͯˡ⺢ͯȻѾǽ𵤳Ϊ˵ȴǴżһЩġ
ովһսĶǲ١ֻǴһ󣬱ȥˡ

֮ڣֻ˴⼸ͽܡ
ʦ𣬶겻֪Ͽɰã
֮䶼ɢһԼһ˴ƺҲñҶС̫ࡣʱһˣ¶ȻͰ͵Ĺϥ£żֲ˵
ǺǣλʦЦѵдġ˼λۣƺҲܿģЦݵһ䣺ʮѣǶ˵Ƕɳˣʱʦֵ滹һλʦܺλʦ
ʱ򣬼˲֪ԼȻôʦֵܡһֱ˿ȴھҪˡͽһصȽˣẔ̌졣һǳ˴֮ȴû̫衣Ƭ̱
ʦ𣬵һŶ֪꣬ʦܷӽ󣿡
ʦͽûпףҶСֱ˵Լʡ
µ²ʣҲʱ֪ˡ˵Ҫǰˡ
һ˵աˣлطδ˵ϸһѡ
УҶСȵʣӵ
һ˫ȻҲǰױһ㣬ǱΪ֮ӵĴڡ˵꼰ʱϵѱһѻ˼졣
ԭһС֮ӣСֳ˳ȺĽѡ꣬ѾСɡ꣬ȴΪ߻ħһʮھɱԭգҲ֮󣬲ԼաʾԼ
ûôӣ˴׽֮ʱ֡
ҶСҲڴ˿ΪԼɻõҵĴ𰸡
˵ҶС񣬱㲻òҶСϵˡҪ˵ˣҪǰʼ˵
֪Ƕǰͽܣֱˮ»оӹѾǷﾹȻ˵ͽ֮ʱҶСеľȻ⡣ʱļֻǰΪףֶ²˽ûʲôоˡ
˾˵ͽܣôΪѾߵʲô̶ȣ
˵ͽҲǸ߳˲ͬ·
ˮȻѾ磬ȴ֪ΪһֱϵʱʱԼļ䣬ȥһһֲͬķֳ˼̬ԵʣˮµΪȻɽ֮е֮ʲôҲһΣΪˮ»Ǵһ׽ɱ֮ԭˡ


 
Ǿӹ˵Ϊ׷Ȼ롱ħ֮Сõȴǡ롱һʣѰ˵ʿħ֮ʱõġ롱֡˿ƺ˶ӹѡҲδΪǴİɡҲԼͽķйϵ
һλҶСϵˡ֮츳ߣǶڵһת֮ˣδתʽ֮ʱѾԪӤڵΪת֮Ϊһ졣ΪΣȴδ̫˵
ˮ¡ӹȻԼ֮·Ҫߣھӹδħ֮ǰÿϰһΣԽ۵ͬϰԼ˵Ϊ绹޼Խǵ˺츳ѣתеϺô㽫ԶԶ˿ȥģԽ۵֮ʱĻ˱ԽԽסҸΪֵģƺԼʱҲ㲻Լ˵Щʲô֮гȫͬʶ˵ĻԼղǵã˵ȫ෴Ĺ۵㡣
ˣڲ֪֮Ϊ׷̫٣ԼղסԼķͬʱ·Ȼͬ˸
ˣת֮Żת֮ˡת֮ˣҶСҲͬת֮ˡ
ֻҶС·;Ȼֵͬ·߽ӽͳ·ߣԲŻᱻѡΪʽת֮ˡҶС봫ͳ档
Ҳѹ֣ҶСԽǿȻֱΪõľ硣˳̶ȣѾԶԶƫνͳȥҶСڴ˵ڲϵšټķչȥʲô̶ûܹõ
ڣҶС֪ԭԼһȻѾǰ趨˳ɳ·ߡҲ֪ǴﵽʲôľΪȻѾ꣬˵׼Լһ֮Ȼʱǻŵľ֮СҲ˵Լת֮ʱǡɳڶڣҲܼ򵥵ʲôɺ֮ࡣ
ڣǾӹΪλֳʶԼˮΪλᴫԼжݷԼ࿴ɺ֮£ҲͶ˹
ڴ£СҲ̫⡣ǰȻһЩãת֮ʱȴǴԼڵѣȴ̫Ӱ졣Ҫ˵Ӱģڡִҡ֮ѣڤڤ֮ʵȥţҲ޷ȫ˵־ȥıġǵҲ㣬˵׼ҲĿʹ
˺仰ָģ뿪֮ʱԼİšҲʧʱ
һλת֮ǡҡִ֮֮һʶ࣬ԵãԴҾ磬޵֮Сǡִҡ֮һģңҳաҼҰһֻ޵֮Щ˵£ҪΪԼһѰ֮ȴδǰ򵥡ΪСԪ֮ӣȻ˷򡭡
κһ֪ԼһѾ˶˷֮ʱжܡҶСԼͨԼһŬнճɾ֪ͣǱаšҲˣ˲˵һ
˵꣬һƬš˴ʱҶСɫ䣬Ѱ˵ĺҲ֪˵Щʲô
ֻҶСϺޱĳãֱݽչ»صѰǸΪƽ͵ҶСɡһлʦΪӽ󣡡
ҶС񾭹˶ΪѵĴĥȻͳ졣Խ֮⣬ҲƽǡɽҶСڣ˵׼ҲˡһҶСҲĶݡ
һжɣҶСǷԸܣʵˡҶСϸ֮еҲΪȣδ뵽֮оȻ˽Ҳ˽ȥķչѾԶԶ˵֮еԤ⡣ܹ֮Ԥ侳ѾǷܹﵽľˡ
ͽܶ˲֮ˣôǺεȾ磿δ˵ľ༸Ҳǲȥʡֻڼ˵ĿУ˵Ӱָߴһ֡
һ²֪ʦ֪ǵӵĽݴҶԨӹ°ȥħū֪ǾӹǳںԭǷҲΪݵԵʣ
ܹҶСģΪһıδܹҶԨȳˡӹҲһϵֲ²ˡ
ǾӹԼΪȻ֪֮꣬Ƕû̫ϵת֮ǰи֪ˮ¡ӹˣת֮˶ڵ׷Ѱ֮⣬ļ־ԻĨ𣬲Ӱ쵽һת֮ˡҵӹˮҲִӦȥӰһת֮Ҫߵ·;ǾӹὫҶԨߣҲǿ츳
ĳ̶ֳ˵ҲһֽѺĥҪԼеģ˵꣬˳Ƭּ̣˵⣬ҲϣסΪʦΪͽΪת֮֮һΪʦȡΪС񡯣ܹ紵ü֮нڣñֱ
ֱͦ۲䣬νֱ֮
ڣȴֹν֮ܽ
ֱͨȣν֮黳
л泯죬ν֮ӣ
һһ޻ڣνִ֮ţ
ʵʯɳν֮Լ᣻
ΪҶСȡΪ񡱣ɼһߡֻǲ֪˴δ˵Ҳ֪ԼǷ֪һĳôò˶೤ʱ䣬˵ر㲻ֲΪֵȡӶʽģĴڣֲû˴Ŀռ䡣
ҶС̸֮ʲδܻ༸λӣʱǰ˷ӵǰһ𾪵˵
һҶС뵽һ⣺ʦһλصݣɻҪߣ
⣬Ҳ̽˿ͻȻƲµĳҶСͺ⣬աֻǸСİûʲôо
ƯҲЩ롣ȻѾչԼұЩʱաںʱȥˡ˼λͽܵɫЦһ˵ΪʦҲԼѴϲĴƯǵ֮ԻὫԵɸ֪ǡǹ֪δǺ£ӰǵĽճҲȲѣڲδʲô鷳
Ȼ˵ѴҲͲȥ׷ʡ
ʦʦֵɿǴпΪˣ
֪ô뵽ȻԴſһЦ˵
ǺǣǻǲҪָҵĺãﲻŶѣȴȻƽضЩ࣬Ҳеļ˶ĵһã׳֮Ͼֳ˼ֵ֮˸еɡһת˵С֮ȥڵ޷պͰҾڣҲɵǸ
Ȼ˵ҶСȴ֪ԼʲôΣҲǲȵġȻܹóȷҲʲô֮ǰȻΣԼΪؼ̳֮ЭȻδ̵ҶСһ׹һεΣ֮еİʾŨʦͽ֮ˡ


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пҶСλʦҶСһ󣬱иȥҶСλʦһλһλ죬еһߵҲҪȥкġ
һҶСǱű֮ĵġҶСδõԼȰΪʦһЩʦͽ֮飬ȴδ뵽̾ὫԼñԼҪҪ
Ӱݼʦ𣡡
ҶС֮ԭΪղһսӦĲСģǴʱȴ治ɫԺȾơˣȴһͷС⨺ʱһƣȻʮģ۰Ͱ͵̺ȸ˱оƣưư졣
ݰģ֪ΪҶСͻȻһĪһ˽գȻܹȾƵ˶һ
ţһЩҪ㡣
ʦ뽲

ݰһкʾҶСĶԵС⨺ܻݰĶһձҲ䵹˾ơ
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ҶСݰŲŲæʵ
Ȼʵǳʦֻһ߿ܣǾͿЦˣ
ҶС񵹲ǴƨʡǿܵʱչֳʵȷǲҶСʩչĻδ֮ʲôֻΪԪӤ֮ı̫ߴ󣬼Ҳ޷ԽҶС˵ǷЦ¡
ֻϧԾǷ£̵֮еľżֱ룬ƺǼ˼ϣ֮ȴԼвСĲ࣬󲻵òεʵ֮һһ˫ӼҶСʼǻǵͻȻ⣬Ȼ࣬һֵʵҪģ̻꾧ɻУ
ӻһЩģ֪ʦҪ٣
Ȼ̻꾧ҶСЩ⡣ΪݰѯʹԼ˵ĹϵԼ˽鷳֮ࡣ
㻹ж٣
ݰҶСĻϺεֳһϲɫ
ԼöһεӸʦ졣ʦã㶼͸ʦ𡣡
ҶСʵ
üݰû뵽ҶС֮࣬ʱϲ⣬İѾƱһһҶСʵ̻꾧ȿ֮ҽˣտûû㣡
ǺǣҲãʦȥǡ
˵ŻҶСó˸ӣװдö̻꾧ݵݰС
ϣִ˼֣ݰһЦмֺͯһϲɫȻʲôֶҶС˵ŶˣǸɽ֮Ūֻֻʲôʹ˵ֹǣͲûˣ
ҶСȷڸԷ֮֮ʱŪɽеֻҶСǻδǣȴݰѾ˴룬ֻǵô£Ѿǲô£ʱȴ

ڡ
ҶСٶȽۻõڡǰΪ֪սʲôҶСΪԷһȻۻ뵽ϸ֮С¼ƽϢ·Żء
һսҲҶСøҲ˵˷ʿȥɺķչжĺôڳ֮áҶСһս֮նĴѾһʲƵĲƸˡ
ǳħһΪ㱻ҶСͲԶȥ˾ųɣҶСյռһ롣ֵǣϸ֮еľһȴδЩΪҲʶ֮ϸ֮еһͬһƶһƯϸڵĿռϷ
ҶСʱȻڱ׵ģΪһЩľȥôҶСջֻдϸ֮ԲŨˡŨҶС񵥴֮Чá˿ҶСҲֻǲ²ľֻܹǴϾʿȫͬġ
һϥ£ҶС㿪ʼϸ֮еĴΪáڽ׵ԪӤԺʶ֮ٶȶɱϴʱϸ֮еĴۻɢļղҶСԷſԼȫЩ
ѰʿǸʵƣܹ֮ɵҲޣҲ޷նں֮ʥ֮ҶСȴǲ֮ͬʱ˵ϸʣҶСȴѾԺųǾˡÿһڣԻҶСܵڵԵš
ҶС˽Լ֮ʱлмֲԻ󡣲ʱȴѶ֮Ժ󡣴ʱȻһߵǲҲáҲ֪ʱΪΣ˵׼ҶСڻµľ֮СҶСҪЩֻԼɳ˸ڵľ磬ܹӸӸߴ

ҶСչصͬʱݰҲڱչ֮СԭҶСҪҸݰҲƼܣǽʯ˿ǿһ¡ҶСڵʱû㲻СƷѾЩˡƽʱҲ𲻵ʲô̫ãֻżһѡ
ҶСչʱ䣬ֱҪѪյǰղֹ֮ͣҶС˴ǰʹ˵ҪݰһԦ֮Ĺ͸ذޱġڳغֱݰչ֮ǴҶСչشʱŷݰȻڱչ֮СڵļҪһЩҶѾʶ޷̽飬ҶСҲ֪ݰҪòܳءֻɹŴչеӣбһҳʱﶼ˶
ҶСϰ֪֮˵ݰҪЩ̻꾧뵽֮УӦҲҪ̫ʱ䡣ȥıչصġݰôδǳǿǿ֮⣬ǻʲôĹҪʲôݰΪһչؾ궼пܵģҶСҲˡ
һ룬ҶСֱ˵סҶСһͬס֮ʱҶСδʱصУûһıչ֮ࡣƷƷ裬ѡ֮鼫Ϊӣ֮鼮Թ㲩׽伮Ҳʱ
ЩҶС֪ģһȻҪģ
ʵԭҶСһҪˣȴشҲȻˡΪ˴ӲҶСһ׹˵ҶСԼ·Ҫߣǰһʦֵܼѵˮ¡ӹ̫ĸԤҲȥԤ긧ҶС֮ʱ̸ҶСΪ˴֮Ȼӵеκһ׹
Ӱݼʦ𣡡
£ʱҪѪ֮ʱˡ
˵Ļû˵꣬ʵǣѪնæӦҲûô밲ɣ
ǵӾֱ˵ˣӽʦһԦ֮ġ
Ҫ˵û뵽ҶСͻȻ˵ƺЩš˵ôһδδ̹һ׹Ҫѧ
ǵѧǵӵһλҲѾ׵ԪӤڣĹѾûˡԵӱ뵽ʦǷд˷ŵĹ


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ԭˡޱѾͷ󹦷İɣ˵Ҳ֮дģذޱʶģҪѧĻﵹмԦ֮Ĺȥǡ
֪ǲΪҶСһοڵԵʣ˵Ǵ󷽡ȻҲóεĲƴ֡ԪӤĹǶɢԪӤʿ֮ȴһ֣Ǽףһģӹ˹ҶСĵȴڷֹ˵ĻƺǰԼĻͿԸ㣬ԼҪǲ˼Ȼ˲ᴫԼȴҲ˵ôԡ
ҶСѹû֮󣬵ǲδֱȥ͸ذޱʱҶСȻذޱʶ˰꣬Ȼذޱ˵鲢δжٸı䣬һϸ֮ȴܹóһķŸı䡣Ҳ˵Ƿڷ˱仯ҶС̬ڷű仯ҶС֮нʮδ뿪ɽŵʱ֮У˸ʱڵ֮ͬʱչءȻй֮࣬ȴܹܵԷϢذޱʶһҶСʶͬ˻һֱ۰̱ܿǴ˺ƺҲѾϰߡҶСյ֮ʱʶ̽ɵ״ҲʱᷢذޱʶͻȻ֡ʶص֮ҲٻƵĶܿȥ
·һڲ֮ĪšΪԵıڽ׵ԪӤ֮ذޱı仯ԡֱ仯Ҳ˵ЦҲࡣʱ˿һֲ֣֪ͬ˵ЩʲôҲٱܻҶС񣬾ѰŮһҲʱЦ֮˿ذޱ֮˵ҶСȻǲȥ̽ѯʵģȻǺ˵˵ЩʲôҶСȴ֪ذޱһʵһѾֻ˿ţͬҲѾٱܻҶСˡ
ΪЩ֣ҶСĪ֮Щ뵥ذޱһ𡣻ΪذޱĲϲԴǻҶСеЩ΢ΣЩҶСԼҲ˵ԭˣҶС⹦֣ȴ֪θذޱ
ܿ죬ҶС뵽˸С˵ǻУΪԭ֮£ȴƫƫøǡǡ֪ҶСԺ˿аױˡʵȥҹֻΪҶСֱȥݰ˴˿գŵ׷ҶС
С磡
ϲģ֮ǻϲԵŴһҶС񣬱һֱסһֱۣ䡣
С񣡡
Ĵɰ˿ȴ޶˼ֽ֡г˿ڣ˵תˡ
ױҲǼҶСһӵģֻ˿໥Ҳ˵ֻǳҶСЦЦǴк΢΢ͷȥ
СοΪ󾡣
գգ۾ʵ̺һ˿ЦںҶСչغĳɹΡΪЩоѾϰߣҶСչؾһЩ֮ΪͻƣóһʱרˣдһʡʲôʱǱչرȽϾãȻԼġ
Ǻǣ´ˡҶСָ˹ıӣЦЦ˵ҲڿһŬŬ죬΢΢ӡ֮ҶС˵Ѫվ⼸죬챦ʲôҶҪȥһġοǳҶݣ͸ڱصõģ
Ŷ
ųʧ¶ɵӦһȴҶСֱ۱øˡڣҶСƽǰ̫ϰֵ̫ܡܵתͷȥһۣҶСתͷȴһ캬ЦݰøˡɴͷҲ΢΢ƫȥϡͬβܾһĵҶСࡣȫûй˼ɵԱ߻ˡ
ҶСûа취Ҳֻȥ
ʵȴһֱԼ˿˵ࡣȻҲδڴʲôһ뵽˿ȻҶСйһ꣬ͻԼ˿ЩʲôҲӦùƽԴҶСٸԼЩʲôȴ֪ԼĳЩǲûʲôڴġָԼҲҲҲ֮󣬱ҲȥЩ飬ֻһ˳Ȼˡ
˿ĸպáҸճأȥʦΪޱ⼸׹
ҶС˵ţѹ˿ϡ
ģ̫ˣ
˿ذޱԪӤԺĹҲǻϲ飬ǲҶСΪҪѹݵֻҪͿ˵ġҶСݸʶĽ˹ȥ
ޱӦҲаɡҰ⹦͸ɣ
ҶС˵Լ뷨
ǺǣǺðɣ
˿ЦЦӦֻǿҶСĿ֮д˼Ŀ⡣Ϊۿ͵ѪյʱޣʱذޱȻҲǻ뵽챦֮еġҶСȰѹԼҲǲڱչ֮еذޱġҶСԼȥ˿ȥͶʲôġҶСȴƫƫĶһ٣öԴĳЩ˼ܣŮᵽˡ
˵һ͸ȫ˿ʱͰױҲһЩһգŴ۾ЩɻʹżֽҶС
ҶС飬ȴû뵽ԼֻǼ򵥵˿Ϊתһ¹һ¹ѣȴôķӦ
ҶСҲǵЩʲô鶼캦ߵͣûһ㡣ʱɽҶСۣҶСһ˫գգģһ˫ƻ˵һ㣬ģɰһѱ䵲ŵֱ̽ı󣬱ҪӨӨһյ֮֫ϵġҲܵҶСͻȻ֮ĶܵĿһ£֫һŤȴҶСһֻδ̽䣬ǻԲСƨϡ
ȻƽҶСͶܣȴԼߵġһЩŮҵ˽λãǾԻעġʱ䣬ֻȫһ飬ϸǻȣԾȻ糺졣
һԵ˿ͰױȻױ¶ģ˿ס¾Ҫ˳ȥҶСĹϵֻ֪ǿҶСһȻ˽δϹ༸ȴǲδҶСйʲô
˿ͰױʲôէֻһĨӰ㵱ܳšһŵòᣬʶ
㣡
ױĪ˳ȥҶСһ۱Ҳ׷˳ȥڣ̫ʱô¡
ֻʣҶС˿ˣ˿⣬ֳҶСЦЦֻ̧˻еļöйҶС˵ȥޱ͹ŶҲ̧ȥ
ȻͬСһ˿ȥҶС֮лܹܵһµᵯʱеʣ˿ﻹȥֻһ֣һᾢʹ˿С
˿Ҫ̧ȥȴȻܵȴͷȥ͸ܵһᾢơҲŷйرգǱ紵뿪˵һʵ֮ȴȻ뿪ԭ֮أǲҶСĻС


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˿ת֮ڵһλ˿Ϊ͸Լ֮ˡڶΡֻͳһΪѣ˿˵ȻԽԽõģΪ˿ΪԽ͵ʱõĵΪҲԽһЩҶСѾָȡ˿ΪԼΪʮǰʣµתѾ˿õˡӴԺ˿ת֮ҲֻѰһĸˡ
ʱҶС£ﻹ˿ҲܵƽæϾȥЩ顣
˿ȻҶСЩʲôһҶСӣҲǲԾȻһֱҶСĻҶСϾʱ٣͸ܹʱˡ˼ҶС񣬻ŽҶСЩ۵ʱ⡣ȴӲȥҶСҪԼŵģֻҶСȥҪҲͺˡȻȥȡֺγ˼ҶСǿԵĻϣܹҶСһ𣬲һ
ת˲ҶС񻳱˿˿Ҳ˫˳ҶСıԮһֱ§ĲӣʶİĸһЩԾҪȡࡣ
ģԽͶ룬ҲڶԷ֮СֻԼͶԷȥڲԼͶԷ塣
İѶԷڻҲԼڻ

ߵȻң˳ȥȻʶԼķӦֱױ׷֮󣬲ŷԼոպһ֮侹ȻԶһƬհס
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ŸոԼķӦô󣬲֪ҶСô룬пգָһͷʶİŪţҧ촽˵ȴԼĪǵ˯̫࣬Դ㶺ˡôôķӦ
һµǷɳһβԶľ롣Ͱױ˵һỰȵ˿ġ˵˰Ļȴǲ˿׷
˿ôҪǻȥɣ
һ˶Щͷˡױ
Ҳã
۾һתһߵͷһų˵ϾȰױЩ꣬Ȼûôȫ棬ȴǱȰױôһЩġʱʵȻµҶСں˿ʲôܼ˵飬ȴһͷС¹һʹԼҪȥһЩʲôǷǸ飬Ǹ鵽ô¡
֮УŮ֮Ҳ֮¡Ȼ˶֪ҶС˿ѾǸޣй֮¡֮µʲôôȴûȥֱʹ˿ġиĸףŮ֮ǰ޵ĸ֪һЩģڿɿ˼δѾһ˵ŮӡһĪĺ档
ǻżֻ뷨ġŲҪײϣȻβáȴĪЩڴšȥһİױȥģû֪ˡ
ҶСڵķһƬ򲢲ʲô˶ܹ֮ءҲͽҶСΪ׽֮ܳѣԶɽ⳾ûټҲԽġҲΪһԭ򣬵ҶС˻ᱻͰױɱһǹ
֮о֮һҲ˿Ĺ;Ȼ֮Ч޷԰ˡ
ⷿĸЧȻǺõò˵ġ
תۼ䣬ͰױѾ⡣Īģ˶ͣſڣȥš
һͷС·ĸңϵײķҲ֪С¹ҪԼʲôԼĺ㼱
ױҲ֪ʲôǳĸ첲Ĳ󷽡ٲȻһΨ֮Ǵӵ˼
ױǽиθԼһжָԼ飬ҲȥƴǡţҪȥƵġ
ǿһ˸ԼһȴѾڻȥƿȽյĴš
ڵĶ˶ȻȫڶԷ֮УﻹȥǷ˾Ҫ˶ѾǵһΡڶλǵĴΣ໥֮ˮ齻һ˿޼䡣
ȻѾ¶˾ҲԥһһڴһЩԼҲ˵ĸоʶĽ۰һ˿
һŵĴ򿪣·Ϊǳ˷֮ҵ˳ڡһ˲䣬֮໥ĴŸˮʪҺѹ֮㶼ͬǺ˳ˮһֱվſڵѹ˹ȥ
ױû뵽ſôɴ࣬۾δüϣƽδһĻʱƬ֮ľһҶСʵ˿ɫ֮ϣһֻ֧壬һֻ˿֮С˿ȸ߸ߵ̧𣬽֯ŹҶСĲ桭
֪֮Уױ˺СɵŵԲҲһִԼ˳ȥ
ʱױſҲǴ죬֮ϲ֪ʱ͸ƻһ˸ͨ͸ŵҲüࡣ
շ״ױŷԼĺֺγһļ١ǳ˺⣬ϵһЩвλǱױ˿Ϊ˵˿ֻ䴩´ȫͬķԿǰ԰ˡźӼͦؿھҲ֮΢΢
ױΪѿ񣬻عı仯ʱȴѾȫ߻һˣѾȫһУмһƬհףֻǰĽ֯һĶˡÿһ߻͵ĺԺᷢεĳˬֱŻɡ
ǰҶСΪܣʱҲΪС֮ⴥһЩвλһЩĸоָоڴǰҶСһץ֮ʱﵽ˴δйĶ㡣ΪͻȻֵ֮״Żӳ֮ʲôֱȥǴʱǰ˶е֮ټϿ֮кҲƮɢĳζ岻ıùģֻͣƱʲôѹţѳҪѳҲֻоһֱţռ֮²ܹнѳɡ
ʱĸоͺѹڵ֮еޱΨеõ֮󣬲Ż֮СŻᷢǻʹ޵Ļ֮֮ɡ
֮жΪԸһЩ޶һ˫ް£֮⻹֮ࡣ֮⻹Ů֮ҲǿɲġǶŮһ֮±żʣǴĵױԽܵġҲҶСһֻרעʱ伫ٲŴδлעõµġο˿ҶСĹϵһҶСͺصĸ֪ǲʲôִġ
ȻΪֻһȥѣ֮µôһ¡Լʱĸо֮ͣкѹһŻĸоȷʵᣬȻ˽Եģ˿ĸܲŻᷢĶԱȡ
ֻǿһۣͰױȴҲǰһĻ
ڰױȴһΪֱӵ뷨Щ飬ûбҪȥѹŵġ֪ʱǺѣҶСҲ˵ڻʱҲν
ڣһνĵȴѾټȥˡ


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ҶС˿һʱ˻ʱɱֵŨ֮ʱȴײֻǷ΢΢һҶСѷ֣±ɢһԼ˿ɲƱſڵĶһֱȥ
ʱ˸⣬ҶСڼʸ֮ʱȴʤΪ˼磬һŻ±ջһ룬ȻϵĴ̼˿ȴһʱ޷԰ΡҲ֪Ƿ֪ſڵͰױߣȴҪĸǿҡҶСѾͣ˶˿ȴڲϵɶšȻҶСѾԼĶȴڲϵļӴһĸ߿Ծˣ˿δм
ԭҶСѾסеһŻ𣬿ȴΪ˿˶ٶȱȼһʼһȼȫȻȴֹסջϵ˶
ҶСûеǸŮȥĳ̶ȣ±һתǱƿĴйȥһأҲʲôȥ룬ȫ˿֮С
ºˣʹºȥˡ

һֱ˵յ峿ѾǰףҶС˿ȫһˬ۷ľ֮ͣЪ
ҶСڴʱͣЪΪԴһԼհձѪ֮ʱȻǻҪϲٵʱա
ɾһͣЪҶСʶʶһ̽ŷھȻһˡȻҶС˿ԸסĿ⣬ȷ޷ֹġǼֹ˷˵ȥ
⻹ڷ֮ˣкˣ
ҶСȻҲ⣬ǱϾǸ˵ãοдһ¡˿ߵ̧ͷ
һ㴩һȻȻ룬˿ȴɶڴϵɴ֮󣬲ϳ
ҶСҲЩ׼ô㼸ʱ䣬ԼȻҲδ֡
ԼʱЩͷȻ¶˺εЦݣͬһֱסҶСֱۣ̽ͷҶС˿Ϊɶأ
ҶСȴֻЦЦδ˵Ȼôشء
Ѿͷô⣡
ҶСģԴһ¡
ĦѧϰƤһЦųͷ˵Ҳܲͷӷʵʲô֮£ô£Ϊิӵ飡ôãô˼𣿡
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ҶС֪λشֻǸЦһ¡
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˿ֻһ
߰ɣ
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֮ҶСͷƤһЦҶСȥ
·ϣҶСƺЩΣһᶼδ˵һ仰
վѪ֮ʱҪȥټʿʱգҪȥ˲ãȥұǰɡ
̫֮Ȼ˵ƽߣҶСŶ˵ȻҲʱҲ໥д裬ΪûսκΣ֮ǲǲġûǰ飬ĵʱǲˡ
ǺðɡһξͷŹ㣡ܿ죬һ仰ҶС񳹵ʧˡ˵һ䣬һһٵ˵ȵ͸ֵ˰ɣ
˵꣬㳯˵ҶСͷƤһЦһⱼŰױס˹ȥһת۱Ұ֮ʧˡ

ҶСǰǰأǴ˽һ֮еơϾڶʿЩֵעҪ˽ġ챦Ѱ챦£Ѿʲôܹĵ
Ȼձ飬ǺԶɽͰ˴ʿȥ̽顣ⶫݱǵĴӪҪѼЩʲô鱨Ȼ練ơ
ӵԼĺôҶСɢ֮ʱǹҪ֪챦ľص㶼֪Ҫ϶ٹ򡣶񲻽챦ʱص㣬Щʵ滹ǰģѾˡ
ҶСһղ¶棬ǼԶɽذޱȻأľںͺһҶСˡ
һذޱźȻԼĹ˿ΪյһڷԼȼذޱǹ˿Ƕһˡ
ҶСյã˿Ҳڸ˹һֱذޱ˹ȥ˽˵˼仰ذޱЩ
ˣҶСҲ֪˿ǰǼ׹ذޱҶСע⵽ذޱյ˹֮ʱͷЦһЦ

νѪ֮еһȻָĳʱ̣֮ͬʱ̫ĹԻڸǵ̫λƶ̫λú󣬱᳹׽̫ڱΡʱԭҫ۹Ҳ˲ȥһƬѪ죬ͬһѪһޱߵѪɫޱߴ֮ϡ
γɣȴ֪ġ
ʱѵҶС㼯ڵԪӤʿʿԼ󲿷ֵĽսǿʿƺƵĳɡ
ЩУ˿ױǲеġǻûеԪӤǰҶСǲȥ漰Σյ֮еġȻ⼸Ҳп飬ȴ޷ıҶСע⡣ԼҶСҩֺҵŨΪٶǲԪӤȻңԶȴҲָտɴ֮¡
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³׳ҶС֪֮ĸɶԼñͷ¶档񾭹һ£ǻҪ͵Ҳǲˡ
Ȼ൱ڳʿҲҶС񵽵ôǳħ˵ģǲƾԼǽܹһģʵ֤֮ҲĴ֮зʿҶСһûڶһС֮еʿ㱾죬ܲ˾档
һʱ֮䣬ҥҲէΪʱƵģҶСʿӦѪ챦֮¡
ΪΪʳ챦ܹ˶ʿ֮п֪ҲΪҶСֳ쳣ǿʵʵ౾ͶᱦϣʿȻж롣


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ĴᱦͷģֻڼɵĴԪӤʿһЩƽͷ¶棬֪ĸˡ
ȻδȥĴҺʹſֵˡ
ҶСᰲ߹עŸȻҲ类˹עšɵɽһѾи߿ʼرǵȥˡ
Ϊ֪̽챦ĵص㣬ҶС˱ֱӱһطȻľɵľ벢̫Զ˶ݹⶼСձѵ
ҶС֮ʱʵΪʱ̡ԼвһʱѪ֮ʱˡ
ʱȻвٵʿڴ˵ءΪ챦ϸַ˶֪֮еڶʿ໹ĴѰطġܹӵвʵڶᱦм֮ˡ
챦İﷶΧ֮ڣѾ°Ե˽ޡһЩʵʵһЩΪԵ͵ɢ޾ҵطҲ޷ġҶСһ뿪ɣȻ֪Ȼֲ۵ȥصġ
Ȼ˾ΪԵ˭Ǹ˭ȭͷ͸˵Ȩĵطء
ﷶΧ֮ڽп챦֮أԸҲԼ˿طҶСһѾʶ̽ΧһɹɵԼõ鱨һһԺš
Ȼ࣬ǶҶСвĲҲʮʮвֹһԪӤʿӵ棬ʵΪǿģȻǳ֮еĴˡ棬ȴһ֧ҶСΪģһ֧ڳǹȵʿ
ħˣȻ֪˴ǰɳʿѱɱھǳħѪĲѰԼ̤㶫ݣǹĻʿʲôĶȴǲòġ
ҶСҲ֮˸ƽ̹ĵط˽šطȥƺԭһׯڣֻΪ֪˾סԫϱ֮ࡣ
ѡطҶСҲ֪ԼΪλߵطǡͣĴȥһķѾõķ֮ؾȻмϤĸо
Ѫ֮ʱ챦
Ԭ̺֮ԡΪһ仰˲Ϊ챦ڶһСط챦Ǵӵص׳Ǵ֮֮Ȼ֮͸ѰһЩ
ı߾֮ҶСȴΪǰչֳʵ
ез硣һҪ䲻ǲˡҪǷʲôڰУʱͻȻ챦
ʱţʿʼʱͷȥȴѪһ۳֡
ҶСȻҲڴھĥ֮ѱõȻ²ΪһʩչĻδ󷨵ʱ̫̣޷ʩչ˷ֻҪǴ˵ûзʿ룬ҶСû̫ļɵ
ĪģҶС֪ΪλׯķмʶĸоŵأҶСԫϱ֮жǻš
˿Ѿתˡлˣ
ذޱ
֪Ƿʺ
ҶС֪ذޱһֻһƬǽ·Ļ֮·İľعͷ˵һľҲ֪ʲôľƳɵģʵؼӲɫȻ֪ȥȴδá
ǺǣԪӤڵĹô׵õܵһ׾ǲף⼸ף㹻
ذޱЦһ˵ȻǿЦҲЦҶСѾʼɣذޱԭ鲢ǰģֻΪĻӡȻô˿һ֮ʱͻ¶ůһůЦݡЩĮƺҲķű仯
ǼҲջа취ںϵġֻҪǷԸ⸶ȥڻˡ
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ҶСЦЦ˵ذޱҲʶ꣬ҲҪȥ׵ĳ̶ȡʵڵذޱ˿ҶСһͬδ֪ʱҶСѾǵԼһֿѡ
ֻŮ֮ҪֵʵסΪһƫ̤һ·;ɲɻͷĺ˿ȻǹĺҶСһ·ذޱҶСԾɱֿѵĹϵƺȴҲڷ΢ı仯
ҶСȥ룬ذޱǸȥЩġʵ֮УҶСԸΪģ˿ȴƽԴٵذޱ
Ϊг˵һƬ֮⣬ĵشǱġֻҶСһشһٵ̫ذޱǺòεıˡ
˵ֱһЩذޱʵһЩҶСڴ֮ôһαڡ
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ذޱգգۣƺһӦһ֮΢΢¶һ˿΢ЦΪģһ˿΢ЦͣǣδһšЦ͡Цšűʵ
һ䣬ҶСذޱ㶼ͬʱ̧ͷȥ
ֻ֮ѳֵһ¾ڻı¡ͬʱֵԲҲڲϵʱѾһߵ̫
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Ѫڿʼ
է֣һĶݹƾճ֣Ȳķɵ֮СȺＱ֮ˣ붼ûһġϣᱦģǴʱܹס֮ˡ
˶챦Ȼ˭ȵõ챦⣬˭ܹ֮һֱõ⡣ҶСѾҪô֣һֱҪڱصãȻڵΪ˵صôʿΧҲҪ
ܿ죬֮еһֱ̫㳹ԲͬʱҲ̫ľԽԽģ֮ҫ۵Բ̱㿪ʼصһᣬһַҫ۹â±ȫȡ̫ڵԼ


 
һ˿̫ڵһɲǣһҫ۵ĹâĴȻһ㡣һƵˮеһѪһ˲ܽ⿪һգ۵Ĺ
֮Ҳһ˲֮䣬һƬããĹн뵽һѪɫ硣綼һֹ죬м˵ѹա
ѪɫԽŨء
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һȴϸ֮е˵δ䣬֮Ȼһһɫ⡣
⼫СǺܿԽԽֱŶݵķ
ܿ죬֮֮뵽ҶСʶ̽鷶Χ֮ڡһ̽ȥŷν챦ͷȻޱȾ޴󡣾Сɽһ㣬ٶȼ죬Ҳڼٵš
֮ٶԽԽ죬ܿѾﵽҶСƽʱɽķٶȡʱ˶ʼ֮ʱҶСȴֳһ˿ԤСΪʶ֮ǿԶѰ˸͸ĸܵõ֮ܡ
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֮βһ׹Ķʱʿһɫ⣬ӭͷȥΪֻ֮飬ԼҲòᣬֻǸԿ׼һɹȥķ׼С˭Ҳû뵽챦ֻһôֻһܹõȴֻ飬Ǽ߾зݵ˼ˡʱ䣬ԽΪ£ԭᱦϣԽС֮˷ɵԽԽߡ
һʱ䣬֮нʿԷӭµ֮ȥ
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ҶС񣬴ʱڵδģȴвˡЩһЩڴ֮еһ߽ʿһ۱㿴˴ʱԲʱᱦĺʱ
󣡣
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ʱȻдľ޴֮֮ЯȻԶԶ˵ԤϣѾ෨ˡҶСδȥԵʡҪᱦҲҪС
·ʿΪзػֻǸĽƼ̫æ򲻹ǿ̫֮˽ƣ·ʿȻҲǷˡ
нػʿһˣЩȷձȡȻʿ˵ˡһЩĻܹǿ౻ˣһЩ˲㱻֮ɫɣҲûϢһʼδʼᣬȴʧ
ת˲֮䣬챦ʿ˽һ롣
ЩɫԳβ֮֮пȥɫģǴ֮ʱȴһīɫīɫȴȼյɫɢϸĹ
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ҶСдԭѾϳʯͷʱȴδʱϸ˵ΪνļʯȻв£Ҳʽʼˡ
챦Ϳ˭ֶθǿһ֣ץˡ
ʯһֱͬһĲ£ЩʱĽڵ˵һĳ֮󣬷׷׿ʼֵơܿ죬нƱ½ĺƿ
ҲͬǼڳĴԪӤڵʦµķࡣܿҲѷ죬ÿһ鼯ʯ䣬Ǻ¡֮ͱĻ𻨶һ
ҶСһ㽫ڱ糶һһһİ˳ȥҲһ֣˲ſһɿͷֻΪŵ̫ʹɫӽ͸ֻЩĺɫĸһĽڰ
ҶСȴδͣ£հԵذޱͺһｻˣʥ沿ϴӽֹ֮ȥ
ʿҪܿļʯҶСЩΪʿȴѾƾǿʼļʯˡԼСģֻذޱԼʣµĽʿˡ
ҶСӽֹȥҲǽȴȻսҲֻϧȴûôǿûԪӤڵΪҪһ¶ҸſɾͺЩ֪ߵطǵʿһˡ
һ뿪˽ƣʿǱзֳ飬ֱռݵȥҶСԼһ˱ȥһͬʱһЩ֮еԪӤʿҲʼжҶСһע⡣Ȼû㹻ǿԪӤڵΪСĽһЩҪܿǿԵġ
ȻѾʼ⼯ʯֻܹȥѼЩ䵽ǽ棬˻ļʯЩֱµļʯû˸ȥֱѼġ
ʱ˳ƴ˭ķǿͬڱƴ˭Ķٸǿ
ҶСǡǡǲµ޶ݹ֮Ѵаǿȣ䴦ΣȴڴС
˶ģгȥἯʯĶרЩֻҲֻܶڽƵеȥᡣǺܿ죬ЩеļʯѾ㲻Щ˵ᡣһòĿתƵһЩʵ뼺൱
ȻûкʵķȥֱȡڵϺȻž޴ܵļʯȴδ谭ҶСʥ沿ڳǡΪǵ϶һŽ˿ֻװȡڵϼʯĻ˿ʲô֮ࡣ
˿ȻˡҲҪҶСȴδͬ⡣ʱǵǴ´࣬¶ĺá
ҶСһ㽫һոأڵ淭ϳһĺļʯԽ˿һҶСŴһͷСļʯȥ÷Ƭ̣Ǽʯıɢȥ֮󣬲ŽͶ뵽ǬСʵȡʯѣѵȴڼܹ֤С
ǸոտʼƬ̣Ѿ˸Եʵ˵УҶСȡļʯҲġ
Щʥ沿ĳȻΪδﵽڣȴҲЩԪӤڵʿʲô


һ ȷ
ʱѾʿͬʱһ鼯ʯһСĦͺǵһ֮ܿб㿪ʼ˴ӸѼת䵽໥֮ᡣ
ҶСѼʯͬʱһֱǿʶﷶΧ棬ΪעıڳǹȵһʿҶСȻ˷ڵĳħʵеĹؼǲԶ⣬Ϊؼıһ˵˳ħȻҶСԪӤڵʵҲдġҲ˵ڵĳħڳǹȴôʿ֮йԪӤڵľʱлɽػҶСȻԼǣɵһʿܾҪܵˡϾɵȻ֮ǰǿɵżȥģԳǹĴûֱӶԿʵġ
Ȼ֮еļʯ˵棬֮джʿǶʼжʱǳǹȵʿһἯʯͬʱвֵĸ߽ʿʼɵλͦȥЩʿǷɢģҶСʶ㹻ǿ޷صж
һҶС̴ɵĵӣ伯ͬʱʥ沿䳤ϺͺذޱԶɽһЩսǿʿɵڶʿ࣬ԵֵЩܻɲʿҶСЩʿȻսʱȻǿԸ߽ʿ豣ȴɲϷչĻʯһγҪǸ챦֮⣬ʵҲĥ˼
ЩȻΪֻڣʥ沿֮ʱٵȴһսǳƾǵ͵һû̫ġǣҶСԼδԮ
µĶݹȻ˸֮α֣գ۲ʱǳǹһʿϷʱ·ڶʿԼһ֮æռʯδ̫ע⵽Լͼı˵ͬʱԼҲ˱˵Ŀꡣ
ΧκԵķҶСѾǵһáǹ˶ݣȻҲ֪ҶСǵ֣һ̬˶⻢⣬ȴһ˭ҶҵİȻ̬ҲҶС˶ٷǳ⣬Ͽյԭǹȳ˰һֿܻɲʿ⣬ἯʯΪ
ʯÿһ䵽˵滹ǴıܣѰʿҪѼһ黹Ҫһġ֮ڻû໥֮Ȼĳ̶ȡ
ҶСȻѾ˳ǹʿϿգĻսҲҪĻˣ
أûʲôıҪοԷѾбֳ˲Ƶ˼ҶСȻɵȸԼһȭŻȥػ
Ȼ㲻ʣĪȲˡ
һΣҶСӰʯ˿󣬾ͼҶСĶݹٶһһ³˳ǹʿ֮ܶʯ˿Ҳ
ǹ˵صʿʮɵʿȻԽʿΪġҶСһ֮󣬶ʱһ󾪻šɾЩʿδӦ֮ʣͼ˺Ȼ콣衣κҲδ뵽ҶСһֱ˿顣һգ֮䣬ʿδӦѾɽնϣһ˲ΪɽЯıܼڣΪԲľֱӱмǾʬ屻ƬȴûһѪƮΪӿѪѾڵһʱ䱻â֮еɾмķɳıЩոֻδ뵽Ǭ֮еļʯ
ҶСͻȻϮ֮ʩչ˻齣ֱȡǹʿءһ˲䣬ʮʿͻĹɱнٵʿڽ֮СΪҲԪӤڣǺܿۼһͬʱĹȴǲܹ͵õġ
ûֻ֮ҪﵽԪӤԺʶ̽ⷶΧҲԴﵽ̶ˡҶСһ̱˸졣ΪȻ˶챦᲻ǰƽȴû˻뵽Ȳҵɱô磬ͻȻ棬ΪȻڳǹȵһڴɲʿˡ
ʵ֮ԳǹȻֻǷֳһֵʿﳯʿ˹ȥʿԾἯʯΪΪĳǹʿ֮ҲֲͬһǼɵǰڻɱ˳ǹʿֻ˹ŲҪ֦ʱֻ챦ΪǱҪ㲻ȥҶС񡣶һǲΪʿӣҶСһССɵСҲѹǳǹȵͷϣ뿪˻ɽĴʱػ
ڲ֪ҶСɲģǳǹȵΪԾǴʱȥʿвҲҶСȴҲûа취
ҶС񲻹ǵһѾɱʮʿ˲䣬ʿֵסȡÿһ˲ʿ˻򱻻ɱ
ҶСɱ˸ɾ䣬Щɲʿ±ʱнʿɻسԮʣµʿ֮ˣȻͬűɱȴǻԮҲҪͬʩӵϡһҲأֱӻɽ޵ȵȹֶΣкʿϡ
ɵʿȻ˲࣬ȴʤ׼һ׼õķ˲ʱ򿪣һһ˲Ѿ˷УЩԼʿʿһ߼ӳַܣһԷɽ֮еս
ҶСڽ֮Уһ֪˻ԮȴδЩʿһӽ뵽֮УΪҪսپһ֮еԪӤʿôҪɱûôˡ֪ȻɵʿǱֵܹһȴ޷̫á
ǻԮʿδϵҶС֮еʿȻȫɱɾʬѾ֮ҶС˲ΪգķɽǬЩδ뵽Ǭ֮еļʯȻҶСȥ
˲䣬ҶСɱʿ⣬ǵõļʯࡣ
ҶСɱЩʿ֮佣˲ֻһȺżʳȺɢΪɣЩڲϳԶ뿪ʿ˹ȥ
ҶСĽԪӤʿĶҲܸϵǷɽٶȡ˵ǽʿⲻת˲֮䣬ԪӤʿͼҶСԪӤںͺʿڽ֮СʿʱԪӤʿ£֮е⣬Ǹոձ֮еɽ׷ϵĵһʱѾɱˡҲѹ֣ҶСķɽͲǽʿܹ͵ģοǽ


߶ 
ȴΪЩʿɢ˿ڽ֮еֶԪӤϵʿһʱ֮䱻ɱʿ
ۿЩԮʿԽԽĸϵʱʯ˿ҲʼǵáҶСǳҪģֻʱĵֵһЩڸԮԪӤʿ
ʵҶСһֱҲû͸ȻָܹЩԪӤڵʿƾҶС̬ķټ䱾츳ȺٶȣҪסЩʿһʱӦò⡣ʯ˿ǱһɼĽɫ˿߲ϣҲܹһͬٵƶˡǵãֻǰֵһЩ©ĹѾ㹻ˡϾԪӤʿսܹ𵽵Ѿˡ
ʱҲ֪ݰʲôȻδءȻֻҪԳֻ֣ҪҶСҲԼһѹǸɾĹЩ߽׵ԪӤʿ˵ɱٶҶСӸЧƺһֶΣΪⵥһɱ׼ġ
ҶСڲٿʯ˿ͬʱȻ֮еݰ뵽Ǹɾս֮⣬һݰչغҶСǸܵһĪĸоҲ֪ΪΣǾݰһαչûôļ򵥡Ҫ˵ҶСʲôҲϸȴδʲôȴ֪ȻԼĪָоݰʲôδԼһαչأҲǿô򵥡
նʱҲʩչ𽣾ͻΧЩԪӤڵʿǿʶס˼ԪӤʿȻһֱǴڱλãǱҶСĿľֻһ¶ѡ
ܿ죬ҶСɱ˴ĳǹʿ֮ԶʿҲͬɢһɢ˳ȥɵʿһܿһɲ֮뵽˰ȻսЩɢȥʿв̫Ϊ֮ˣΪ̫ɢҪԽɱҲ鷳ҶСҲδȥ׷ֻڻɱһڽ֮еʿתͷʼìͷ׼ЩԮԪӤʿ
ʱǹȵսѾΪңֵܹҲͽڳĴɶѡ⼸ɴǰȳħѾ御ȥǹȵʵҲ⿴ġοҶСĹȻȥһ佣ѣɱȴ˿ɵģԶЩӰ˸Ŀ֮˵Ĺǿ˲֪ٱ˭Ͻ˭ȫ˵ġһһģ
䣬Щ˼Щ˵ֻһС˾ۼһ𣬿֧ŷ󣬶ϿսеһЩ߽ʿƴȫڵ͵ԪӤʿǿȻһǱȴڼšƺǰСһǿһͷϸϸ˿һǧ֮Ĵ
ٿһ棬Ǹһ֮Ҳܹһ֮뵽ǹʿ࣬ܶĸشڲֱӿʼɱǹʿ֮ˣս͵ʶǾˡһˣһССɣѾĿŵǹԭһţݶֻǲϼӴսˡ
ȻӵеʵޣʱѾ㾡֮еȫʵԳǹĲʿȴѡȴһǿʤļơҶСг֣ҲóҲֳҪǹĵ׵˼Ĵͷ˭Ը⣬˭ȥǣ
ϷתɢΪŵĽ˲ۺҶС¶ݹΣٿŽֱЩסԪӤʿ˹ȥ
ԼĶټ죬ЩԪӤʿһˡԪӤȥ׷ɱӣǶԷôɧš֮£ƾԼĶٷǳסԪӤʿնʯ˿ϣҲж㲻ĹһЩУҲܹܿҪȻܵһЩˣȴءڵ꼸ˣѾ΢΢ĳ̶ȡ
ˣЩԪӤʿͺ͸ƻ֩ޡǿǶ٣ƻĻͷһμҶСһôܹٿؿޣʶ֮еĹֲҲǲɧţ˷ʤһаգٿͬʿһɱʱʧȥϢɹ֮ʬ޴档о͸ӽˡʱһҶСǷ˹ǵҲӱܣһ׷׷׷ɱʩչǿĹֱҶСĽӭ
ǹԪӤʿжҶСɺ֮ˣȻոյĹɱ˴ʿȴԪӤµʿԽûлʿﲢδôҶСһԪӤʿģοһġ
ҶСһʯ˿㼴˳ҶСսţһʱԮɵˡΪһߵʿڵֵסԪӤʿĹ·ػڶʿķҪƣ֮пսʿҲʼ˹ضʧȥս
Ȼһһ㣬һ˫ϻӶſɿľͳ󷽻һβ֫ĹؽںֽҲûĺۼ׻צһĻܡһĽâ£ʮɳȻƣȴ˿˱ܣÿһ
ȻͣȴҲͲסԪӤʿʵࡣǱֻҲڲʱԺͱòƲˡƺǳԵʣ˫۾ʼѿһѺѪ͸ɫӳģʮۡĿ
ܹˣϵԵʡȻͱնȥˡ
ذޱкãƺֻΪ͸֧ɫֽͬһĲ԰ףûһ˿ѪɫüҲ΢΢ϵһ֮Ҳһ㰵⡣Ȼذޱȥ˵ãѩʨȴôˡ
ѩʨƽʱȥ覣һµذޱʮƣһĴѩѩʨȻѪʨԭѩ׵ĺسëԱѾɺʺ컯ϺɫѪһ縵ġΪƤëĸǣһʱҲ˶ˡΪԵģһֻǰצȻˣƺȴӼѩʨͱԡ˻֮䣬˿ηǿ˶౶ԪӤʿǿĹ
ذޱͺˣЩʿҲܡǶǿͷ϶Ǿս֮ˣҲΣҡ
ҶСżȴҲûа취øࡣԼʱѾǵֵ˾󲿷ֵĳǹȵĹȻʱԼδʲôΣգȴҲܹƲ̻ԮһûߵǣƣôЩԪӤʿĳǹʿԺ޼ɵȫΧɡ


 һ˲
ʱҶС񷴱ǣƣʿ˽ءƴģֻҶСʲôʱܹɵʿܹ͵ˡ
ʱЩڵϵļʯѾѼĲࡣѾһЩСɢڵ϶ѣҪøļʯֻдʿˡǹ֮ս֮ĦҲʼϣֻǲûǹпˡ
ٶ죬ʯ˿һص֮Уǿ֧ŵ˶پһɡոԼסԪӤʿ˵ֻԪӤڵʿ׵öˡ
ü֧һҶСҲһЩͬʱٻ𽣣뽣һţȫűڽеԪӤʿ
ԪӤʿڽ֮УǱǳһţ໥֮ϼΪĬһʱ侹ƾż˺ҲʱֵסҶСĽ󹥻
ʱȴҲڽ֮еҶС⸡֣ǽ֮УһƷֳҶСȫʩΪһ˼µı֡
һâ֣һϸзȴɢź졢ɫԵķɽҶССں觺ͱƷ̥
͵İƷ̥յøһ֣±һȦɫһڽ֮ȼԭϸĽҲΪ佣âƣÿ
ʵǧ֮ɲʱ֮£һɲǣҶСȻжݷ̤Ʈֱ｣ֱԪӤʿɵķġ
ԪӤʿȻǿ˵Χ֮ΣգԴ湥ɱ˵һҶСֵܹ˵ĹôҪʵķ˲߽Ҳͳ˿ܡ
ԪӤʿڱһʱӡǽ֮еʶü˽ǿ಻ԡȥǼҲҪֲסڣҶСȴһֱ˼м䡣ǿҶСԴб֡ԭҶСһֱȥѾǱذɣҶС˾ȴһֻҪֱӻҶСô⽣ȻǲˡܹɱóǹȺ֮ˣǻȥ֮ҲǴһ˱仯ʼϲոջǺȴϣƺ
˽Ǿбˮһս˼һҶСٵĹȻǲԶ
ҶСȻȻҲ㹻š
˻֮⣬Ҳһ뵽룬ֳַɽֱȡ֮սȴ˵ķ֧ԪӤʿʦ˿Щƣһһһû˵½ɣ
ΪҶСֻȫרעڹ֮ϣһ令Ӧơһɽֱն
һʼ˼򵥵ƿķҲԴΪ⡣ĵҪʩչɽҶС֮ˡԪӤΪǳϣɽ֮ϵȴ˿ʱƴȫֵ½ĹܹȫĵʩչɱУҶСɱڴˡ
ۼһЧʱʿڷ֮ʱҲ׷׷ֳʩչ˹ת˲֮䣬һ㶼ҶСк˹
ֻϧҶСȻһʼõ˶ݵʱҶСٶ۳һֻڻ֮۳һ㲻ǿܣȴҲһЩǷɽܵãҲӦƿ
ֻϧҶСʱܹʩչĻδ󷨣ȻҪ˲ʱ佫ɱкѣ
ѣҶСȴ治ȥκεķֻǽ˼¡Ҫķֻǿȥ͵Щˡ
ת˲֮䣬ȱһԪӤڵĽЯǿܵķɽֱӺҶСϣűֹ
ҶСʱѾϾȥ˼ЩЩʲôˡܵģֻسЩҶСȥȴƺδʲô˵ģϵò¶Ƥ֮һѪ۶ѡ
Ȼȥƺ޴󰭣ǿҶСжȴҲܵ˲СӰ졣嶼ýӲһǰ硣
ҶСƴΣգȴҲӦõĻ㱨һԼϵͬʱҶСҲƿʦķϷɽһʿ֮ʣƽйƿһ˱ֻʣ令⣬֣̽ϵ滯һ˲佫ʿ֮Уʱ⻤ҲƿâɨʿҶС˵ԵüʱնƬ
ͬʱҶСոյ͵˴ĹһĹδ֮ʣͼһӰӰһ֣һΪȼһȦɫ棬̻ŭţ˲ɶȥ
ӰȻȻҶСֻ̫ܹ࣬ҶСֵ˹֮󣬳ûʩԹ
Ȼǿ󣬵ȴҲܲס䷶Χ̫㡣ͬʱʩԪӤʿϾɲлΪδ̫ߣһԳħĲСʱȷޡʱ㱻˻ֵ˴룬ֻƹ֮ճڼϲɢ
ΣһѾҶСʱĹ
ǽɱһˣȴüͰһķؼ߽⡣
ҶСʱͬʱٽһնȥ̾һնһ˼֮ˡϻ齣ƣʱܵ
һ˲
ҲδԼαɱͻȻ֮˭浽ǺҵٶȲ죬ɾմȾ˵һȴ޷𡣶Ϊ׵ģǷۼԼĹѾʵʵڵҶСϣΪϾȻ˿ҲޣҲ˵˿ڣӰ乥ЧҲδ
ϧɻȻûлõɲ֮ҶСĽѾ׽ɡԪӤҲδһӡʬͬǵ֮ҲҶСǬС
ʱֲ٣ʱǽ͵Ϯѣˣɾ鷳öࡣһ֮ٶȻصҶСϸ֮С
Ȼ濴ȥҶСʱȴܡûиܹĽӲоٶ١Ҫ֪ƾӲĵֵסԪӤʿֱӹĹÿһѰԪӤʿϴʵˣô򵥡


 
ԪӤʿĹûܹҶСܵˣֻҶСʹýѡֻҪҶСʱ幦ɢɡһصĹҶСûһʱ޷ȫָˡԵģַǿķһɢ֮ǶٻܵһЩӰøǿ
һҶСû˿ɣһĽع鵽ʿϷ
ڴʱ˲ǼԪӤʿҲҶСߵ䡣ȻżԪӤʿԪӤڸֻʣǼʵˣɵǲš
ĽֱԼһ㶼뵽ȴôʿƬ֮䱻ɱǵ͹˶Է͵ʴףЩѾ˲ãҪԼȻǡ
ɵҲʹ򣬲ܵġɵ˼ҶСǱߴʤһ·ǳٶȣҪҲǶʱ޷ˡ󲻴ȴʩչжݷҶСڵһʱ˻
Ұɣ
ҶСһ˴ҶСʱԮһ㶼ʱȥ·ʿȥҩ򵥵Ĵ˿֮ڵһʱ俪ʼѼʯʱûǿвЩոձػŵһڽʿǱһɢ˳ȥƴƵѼżʯ
ոյսǶҶСԲ˵Ѱ˵СС֮жʿǰ;ȻûЩĴɴĺáƺ֮ҲǴһЩʿе֪֮еЩ֮νĴɲʲôȻܹһֱ棬ֻҪΪɳҲԻ㹻ʱ䡣ոЩΪʿͺذޱԼӵһγǹϮһֱδָ̫õԶɽıҲипЩʿǻҪǵ¹ҲܵصˡܹΪЩͽʿԸԼȥֵĸ߽ʿһ֮жǲġ
ЩʿпģۼʿƴȫЩĸ߽ʿҲ˿塢һԴһȫػϺЩڵʿЯս繲ѣһͬʿἯʯǿ˼ָ顣
֮顣ĥ֮УŸ׽ĸ顣
Դ⼯ʯȻҲռ˲٣ʵջҶС˵ĶЩʿĥɺһּ˴ʿЩʿȻϲ˵Ҳж뻹ǲԸʿġǾһΣ䲻˵ܹһңĸĤҲڻ١
ֵĶ֮պĻǻв١ֻҪܹһ·ȥ۶ôĸĤսš
ҶСսʿƾһȺɱ˶ԪӤʿǳǹҲɣһת۹ȴɱøһͷܡеԪӤʿ¾ɾʿҶС˳ֿɱģҲһδŹȻδϸȥ㣬һ˵صĳǹʿԻŵҲĳɡĳɻǽʿֻҶСδ˵ȥ׷ɱǡҶСʶǿȣһʼ㽫ÿֻҪûӳ̫Զľ룬굽صҲڵĳǻȻҪҶС顣
ǼʶҶС˱뺷ﻹ˸ȥȥ˵ɵĵἯʯʱҲɵʿͬʱһͬҪᣬһɵĵӶÿһȻ֮ǰЩɵΪ˲ٵʱ䣬ںĸЧ֮ҲɵʿѼٶ١
˲ܵвҶСҲżֻԻ齣סԪӤʿһЩȴǺĽǽɱͬ˲ʩչյڣղı㴢ϸ֮СҲһֱĸҶСڿսʱӲͣЩ⣬ǲû̫ġ
ԪӤʿҶСҲʶ̽ųǹȵʿȻѾûмԪӤڵʿǽʿѡЩʿȻﷶΧ֮ˣһɢԶԶɳŶȥˡ˲ַǹȣΪ˼ʯҶС㲻ȥǣҲͶ뵽˼ʯռ֮С
ڴ֮ǰҶСȴѼʯ죬ĲĸʿҲȥѼרȥЩͽʿеļʯ۴СֻҪһϵļʯᶼĪͶ뵽ڱϵĽ˿֮С
ҶСѾ˳ǹȣɶ˼ɣҲԴ󵽻ȥǵġϾûбҪǹ鷳ǲȥǵġҪ֪ȻҶСɱ˲ٳǹȵʿȥʶƵҶСȴ֪ЩʿֻǳǹڵһСʵѡһΣǳħδĴҪɲ˼ȻӦòֻôһЩʿġ
µһǹǿѾɲðˡȻ֮ҪȥʯҶСȴġֻҪ챦ãȥЩʿġ
ΪʯԶԶԤϡ챦ᵽ󼸺зݵġȻָǻˡսƽϢʱ֮Ѿʣ˲ɵʿİ˳ɳһʼʯҵ÷ǵģҪǱɱģȻǹʿбҶСɱЩʿǶһ㼯ʯǸһҲδõͱŵ뿪ȥʿǡ
˶ѾٵõЩʯϾͬɣ˴֮ҪЩӡ΢֮нսƽϢ
ñʬǿĹ֮ڵһ֣һӣҶСҲпҵ챦Ȼǲñ˹ԼͰԼˡ濴ȥһźȴǻҲ

ҶСȻķ˲ٵʱڳǹʿϡЩʿϵ֮ȴҶСȥȻҲмʯԵõļʯʵȴɵ١ܻҶСõļʯģҲֻǳˡ
챦Ѱ˭뽫ռֻϧȴûûУҶСҲǲܵġＫطʢ˥ҶСȻȥһʱƣȴҪӽ


 ˮ鴫
Ե챦㶼׷׳ȥҶСҲ˵ȶԣɵ˻ع鵽С
ҶСҪ֮ʣȻӲɵĶ鵱зɳһΪ嫵Ķݹ⡣ö࿴Ҳ֪˶ȻԪӤڵʿЦݣһ֪޶⡣ҲǣҶСɱôԪӤʿһжҲҶ
ҶСѣ·ˮ飬һ󣬿ɷϷƬʱ䣿
ԶԶģ˵
ҶСҲδֱӻشֻ˴ŶУԼʱ˳ɫȻݺͰʿ
ѣ֪Ҷĳк£
ҶСȻΪϱȶԷһףѰ˵ӦƺԷһǰġһҶСʵΪһףսҲ˿ƽҲ˵ùȥҶСִţߣȻδ⹫Ȼ˲֪ˡȻɲ󣬵ȴҲһɣҶСɣȻȥԼԼݡ
ǺǣҶС۷ʤ갡
ߴ˸һ䡣ʵ֮Ե治ǷУСɾɴҲڳȻǼҶСġҶСٶȴܳǹڶʿֶ˼࿴ôʱýˣŷֿҶС㣬˿ˣ״̬Ҳƴս֮ܲ˾档˲Żдһ̾
˵ҶСϸ֮ʣҲΪļλ֮ˡҲڲ֮еҪɫ֮ˡֻǵμӲɾɴȶʱǽΪѣ޻˴
ˣ֪Ϊ£ֱ˵޷
ҶСίߣֱʵ
Ϸֱˣֽ֪ڣ
ҪҼʦ
ҶСδֱӻش𣬷ʵ̹ϵҶСδŪͼ֮ǰǲԵġ
ʿһ˲󣬲ſڵҶС֮ͽɲ֪Ƿ֪ԪΣ
ҶСҡҡͷݰʶҲûж꣬ദĻἫ٣ִδʹ֪ҶСʿһ˵ȴǿһ¡ʱһֲԤСһŵϲŭɫҶСҲɫ֮΢䡣ֽĲٷʿ궼Ǻͬʱڵʿ̵ԪҲȻ١⣬ӦòĪµġ
ԪȻǾ䡭
ˮ鲻ٿףתҲֱԵ
ˮƽҶСȴ׺䶥ֻһհסѹԼһֱоһαչûô򵥡
ʵɵĹϵ翴ȥǰ㽩Ҳţҵ̶顣̵ƢҲ˽⣬ֻΪЩִ֣һֱϻعɡڰǰѾԪǰľɴҪջظԷ壬ʵҵҪعɵһ취ȥΪһֱδͻƣǼֲ˶ˡһΪȻ֪
ⷽˮԽ˵ҲԽ仰֮УҶС֪ݰһ֮ǰԷĴȥеޡһĸֵ伮ܡɽҩȵƷ˲СȻò˷֮ʱѾͨ˶ݸ˷Ϊһµĸо
ҶСֻпƣʹ޷ԼһΪ֮ˡԴȴԾ޷ı䡣
ʦȷڡ֮ʵ֪ɻʲô취ܹʦԪʤм
ҶСǰƽƣԳҲóмȡ
ҶСѣΪıǴ¡̼ȻȥɣǱ㲻ٻصڡһԶΪҲҵȲҪȥǿع飬һȥˡ˵꣬ˮóһöһֻƿ˵ö֮ҶСת֮ƿһöתת̣ȻЧ󣬵ǶʮԪЧӦûеġҵһ;ȴֲò˳ӦܹԪ֮Ϊ⣬ﲢ޶Чġ̳Ǵʱܹͻ֮ѱˡ
˵ţˮ㽫ݵҶСС
»תתʦ£лˣ
ҶСӹ˵
ǺãͰҶСˡ̻裬Ҳɸ֪ϷҵҲᾡΪԷĴҲɱã
Ȼ֪ݰͨɵġҲ϶ҶС֪֮

ҶСǷˮȥ׷˴ͬʱصڡ
֮Ҳɻа취
ҶСʵʶ㣬˵׼֪Щʲô취
в֮¡취ȻеģֻǰԣʱȻˡܹԪ֮ҲԪӤ֮£ǷʿҲδܹġ
˵̫࣬ȻҲݰϧȴûҶСǰ㱯ۡҶСһ֮г˵ΪҶԨ⣬黹δҶԨħΪħūȴ㻹ϣȻصġ

ҶСһλɱǹȵĸ߽ʿ˲ٵļʯáȴΪǷˮ֮һȵءȻǺ·ȴҪȥ
Щʿ𵤡ԪӤѾɱͬʱͱҶСϸͬһƬİһƯϿյС
֮ҶСҲǽƷɽ˳ıҲѰһȥѼЩʯȻѾȻᰴԵĹ׸ʹ͵ġ
ݰδгصļҶСһм򵥴֮󣬱бչȥˡֻδֹͣʶݰıչ֮ǰҶСɱԪӤʿ֮ʱֵ˴£ʵѾ˲ˡԾǼʯôҲֻܷһȥ̽ȥ޸ˡ˿ԽϣԽԻָġ
ҶСһչأһµʱ䡣
ó֮ʣȻȫָ˿Ĳʡֻʱݰıչ֮Ȼһֱ޶ڣҶСǺڲøݰһȫˡȻ֪̽ˡ
ʿչذĶУݰʱչأҶСεҲóȻȥġ

⼯ʯкã
ҶСǰżɸߵһѼʯǺڲﶪʯͷ֪ʵڿʲôر𡣸˵ƴ֮ˡ
⼯ʯǡ֮㲻˵öҲıɽǽ̥δɽͣǡôԴ


 
˵꣬ȴֲ˾䣺ֻ⼯ʯһЩܹ𵽵ҲޡڵıɽƷõĻ˵׼ǿƷ硣
ƷƷĻѾ㹻ˣ
ҶС˵˵ôļʯٵʱҶСΪֻܹƷѡƷĻѾǿ̫̫ࡣǻǽ̥Ʒɽˮ׼һ˽ͣƷ׻˵á
νѣһˡѣһɳ졣ҶСһֱٳٲý̥ɽͣΪгһɾͽ֮ʱƷܹﵽ¡ÿһ˿Ŭڳɾͽ͵ʱһȻҲ޷һֱý̥ɾͽͣŴ̥֮࣬ǻԽԽӽڳƷɽʱҶСȥۣҲԼɽ̥ɽġ
ҶСͿʼʯɽġȴȻܵʶһ󲨶ϸһ̽ŷ־ʶ
ҶСڵõ˼ʯ֮˸ҲȥһЩȻûԼĶ࣬ȴҲǺܿ͹۵ˡʱ˺Ϊ¡
ɣһյٻҶС㽫ʯֱ˴ȥ
Ӱݼʦ𣡡
һҶС㹧밲ֻǰһѵļʯҶСйˡ
ЩѰѰΪʦûʲôô֮⼯ʯȻûʲôôûȥɣ
Ѿ㹻ļʯʦ𲻱кιǵġ
ǺǣʦסˣǱɽƺЩͬɷһ
ҶСıɽУһȻϾҲмֶݡ֮иһ˿ĹâֻһţԲ׽
Ʒ̥ȻĲϡԽԹԵ˵Ƭ֮󣬲Ŷ˵Ʒ̥ɾͽͣȻмԶҵĵӣ
õЩʯҪƷ̥ɣδ֮ΪʦΪΣ
˽ĶƷ̥֮󣬲̧ͷ˵
Ȼãֻʦ𲻿¼ʯҪʦ
Ǻǣʦ˵ܹƳƷ֮Ѿˡɲÿ֮˶Ʒ̥Ļᣡ
Ǳʦˣ
ҶСлֱӽеļʯ˵ΪΪȻҲû˵ġȻٺòˡ
ҶС񽫱ɽ뼯ʯ˴ֱӻصСһֵƷɽҲ㽫Ƶ֮ȥһܿʵսӦˡ

ģھһε챦֮ƺһжָ糣ˡǳǹһԾʧأΪѪĵƣħûɵ鷳ֻǣһתѾ¹ȥˣݰչ֮ɾ˿ûгصļ
һգҶС֮СȻһֱδͣЪ̽ʶ֮кȻݰڵҴźȻ΢΢һ¡ƶһ¡
ݰչѾ£ڷŵ΢΢һ¡ҶСвһɡҲɣһʱҡ
ҶС֮ﲻ׵ľ룬Բһ˲ʱѾ
ҶСһҲڱ˿
ǣŴ򿪺ҶСȴδݰӰǴŵĺ棬һС̽ͷ̽Ե¶ͷСӣҶСΣƽʱǸݰԵһֻ
ҶСյܵɢһɵģһ̴
ʶһ̽ڣҶСһ뵽ڡֻǷУһ麮ɵ̨档ǵ̴ݰɢ
ҶСǰݰɱǰһ޶ģҶСȴڴŴ򿪵ʱѾ֪ݰȻûһ˿ڿȥǰĳ˯š
ǰкǣڵ֪˽ҶС񷴶ʮֳѰ׳֮ĿأҶСֳϼžĻԼڻ谵ĵƹ⣬ⷿڳһһľš
ҶСһʱ侹Ҳ֪ЩʲôֻվݰǰվݵȻƽһ˫Уȴǿնǻȴ֪Ʈ
֪˶ãܵȶҶСŻعתͷȥǻ쳣Сһ˫۾úҶСֻСצקҶСĿȡ
ҶСԼСһ˳ȥһ´ܵѾûݰǰǰС̨ץһö̧ͷѾδһµݰĽһݰ˿СӲŷͷö͵ҶСǰٵͷһҶС񿴵ģʱСڲʱĻͷݰȥ
һֻСӲʲôֻ֮࣬һֻѰɽֵĴɼѰС⨺ѡֻǿǳݰŻὫһֱߡݰһѱɽޣȴֻǴһֻѰС⨺ѡǻ飬С⨺ȴǲ֮£ݰֻĻڳ˯֮С
УʸҶСĪй˵ʱݰ֮֮ʱǺεģ㽫ʶУݰһµԣݰңްǰңΪȴٷǳޣΪд˻Ц̾򱯡ȴδ⡣˽棬ʿǧ߰һһ˵ԪӤߣм˴¡Դǧ;ͬ飬ʵǧһУһ;;ƽԸ֪辶һ֮ͨ·Իʿκޣĺ֮ڣӡ֮ʱɣ֮ѾСͽˣһ;Ҷȥϡҵñֵ֮һͽҶС񣬴ӱԼͣԸʤᡣһ顪СͽѾ޺ӡСͽ̻꾧ǧöۣƿһߣȡƽ֮֮֮Ѱ֮ǿܣϹżмĻڿ֮ϰã֪²ɡıˣ졣ȣæµǧ߰꣬޾СͽҶСһˡ޴һͷʹ꣬ͣһɡ丹бҲһ󸡣֮Сͽһͻزɡȥӡ
ҶСʶ֮гȴСһݰǰĺҿۿӣʮĵģʱݰһۣߴߴһ


 
֣СһССƨƨߵ˹˳ҶСֱҶСϡ
ݰһǧ꣬ȴֻôԡ
ҶСȡ˷ݰǰ޴ųݰݣ㽫
һ̣ҶСѾŶݹ˳ȥͬʱеˣ˵ף뿪ɡ
ǰǷˮ֮ԣݰԡ໥ӡ֤ݰ֮ȷ濴ȥֵжԹϵ֮мᵽɣǣҡҪҶСڵһʱһԸ
һ˼ٷڸ߿֮УûκεķľϣһѰѵСһ㡣ʱҶСһʱпǧȴץһʲôͷңҶСеĻҡǰǿȴȥ
ɢĵǸ߽ʿ֮ʱͳ̴ֵ󡣻ǧ꣬򵥵Ĺ¶ȥţΪʲô
ҶС֪𰸣Ҳû˻ŵΪʲôֻƴƴΪԼͼ׽֮˵ġšš

ûãҶСɵ˾κɶԶĵطͣݰ޴ȡ˳ųе󸡣
ݰıޣݰȻǵһʱķ֣һǱ޵صһšˣǸΪֱһЩпƱ֮ʱ˿ȥεıֳ˿ݰȻ˵ʹ꣬ǿı֣ݰӦöҲǼõġ
ȻԼȥɡ
ҶС񵭵Ķ˵ľ磬ȻΪ޵ԵʶδûΣѾȫˡ
ȥȥδ
ҶС֮Ȼ̺һֱһǰ·ãĸо˸пҲѹ֣ʵȻݰǧ꣬ݰ֮ʱǱѾһ˱ޣ޵Ĵڱ㶼ΪˣݰȻǰ·ãһͻȻʧȥȥ
ȻʦҲʦȥͬͻȻһġҲʲôʿŻѱʲôްɡݰΪˣһޣҲˡ
δȥδɡ
ҶСҡҡͷһ̣˵ΪȵıˣҶСͷҲʼóٻǲƵġ
Ҫȥδ
ۣԼںδһҶСò˵תҪȥɾǾʱٶ
ɡ̻زɡ
Ȼأ
Ȼ˵ɡ
ҶС룬˵֪ʵĲȥ˲ɺȥ˼ԺҪδ㡣ڣҶСȴúסһʲôͷȥ
һ𡣡
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򵥵ļ仰Ӵ˱ҶСߡǺڣҶСǰǿ֣ȴûͷҪҪ졣ΪҶСںţǾˡ

֮ҶСݰڶݸµĴͨһ˲Ѿ˸Է塣
һԷ壬ӽֹ߳һʿװǲ֮ˣһҶСͻȻ֣ǾȲѡ±ܳҶС
ݰ뿪֮󣬸ԷѾջˡɽеĸֲȴû˿ı仯
ҶС߳˽ƣһͷģԪӤʿǰ׼ҶСʻҶС˱ȻܵһǿϢϮÿ֪ǿϢǵˡˡҶС֪һԼֻû뵽֮
ƺѾ֪ݰϾǴżֱʹһ˫ˮһˮ䡣
ǰܼʦУ˼һزɣ
ʱȻҪʲôףҶСֱ˵һ䣬ϸ֮ȡݰ
öǼʦ£һöʦ;תδüʦҲһͻ
˵ţҶС㽫⼸ﶼϡ
ҶС˵㲻˵ԾƬ̣ҶСϵСݰȡ˳һȥֱݰȥʱЩʲôҲССԴȥĦݰӣֻСצҲݰϡ
һʶδСˣЩ֮˺ο
˾þòһҶСĪһֲµĸо⸲Է֮в֪ΪΣһֻؼһ֮ܰ⣬ȴѹ֣ѹֵ˴
ˣʦн֮С£ȥˡ
ҶС˵꣬˵ͬˮһ㣬û˿仯ԹԵĳǴͷ˹ȥ

ҶСͣ½Ųתͷ
ݱ֮أڵλòǳ֮Ը⣬ɻһϯ֮ء
ʱͻȻҶС񷢳롣ҶС֪ΪԼǱɵǱΪԼ̵Ĺϵ
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ҶСδֱ˵ܾȴҡҡͷлһ䣬˴ͷֱ̧׼󡣾ʱСȴֺȻʲôһæתͷҶСȥߵһ룬̲סͣͷݰߴߴ˼ƺԲģԲҲӦԼһ˼֮СҲ˴ͷ֮Уȴһ˫Բ۾ֱݰߴߴиͣ
ҶСڷ˷СƺҲ֪ҪȥеԽƺѾһЩЪ˹
âҶСαԭʧԷɼžֻ֮תӵ˻


ҶСһȣͬһͻȻƽէһͷžҶС֮б뷳ơݰȥҶС·ȴҪȥ
ҶСļſֻΪ߿յĿٷжץסҶСС̸Ҳǰƫˡ

˼¸ˣҶСδصɣո⣬㷢ڻɴƺзսʶϸһ̽ŷԭʲôս֮ࡣһԪӤڵʿڲϵĪĹɵĻɴѾԪӤڵľ磬ڵʿ˵ȷûܹˡһεĴսذޱ˶δȫָҲͷԼȥ׷ˡֻҪţһԪӤʿҲܹơ
÷ɵĽˣҶС㷢˵ء


߰ ̳֮
˶ǻɴĹǶֹģзɽзޡǣʱΪǿĹȷһֱӵһִɫǰһֱѵĸоһɺƺĸо
ֻǾ˫籧ţ黮һȦ۳һŴɫ֮һɳϸֱɴ˹ȥ
ȻҶСҲܹܵõǿ󣬿ɵĻɴǿ󣬾ˣҲ˿޷Ǵ󡣵˵ҲִţֻǹһˣȻÿһιûЧȴɲϷģֱϧһƴĹ
˵ĵһ棬ҶСһˡ˿н£ȷݡ
ҶС񣬳Ҫ̣
ʮֱģ֮ԽһЩĽ֮ˡ
ҶС鲻ѣϲ²⵽֮имջ𣬵Ҳ£ֱӽжݷޣʮľ룬ȴһ֮ԡһû˿ͣ٣±ֱӼ˻齣󣬽С
ŷɵýˣҲҶС׼ȴֻһ֮䣬ԼȻ
ҶСһȴɱ˵˼ֻԽסĥʵͬʱ֮䣬ʯ˿Ҳٻ˳ʯ˿ֱӷɹȥˡ
ʯ˿
˼߿ܣȻг֡ڵҶСδİɫڿٵšһ߿ܣ±˾һҪҪƿֱȥҶС
˵ʵô֣ԪӤʵӦҲսǳ֮ˡֻһˣڽ֮Ҳѡ
ȻҶСδĴɱ⣬ǼսףҲرֻ֣ǿڲ˺ɡ˲˵ĵҲȥ̫ˡ
սһ֮ڿʼԵȥ˭ҲҶСĵġҶСܹһֱάֽΪʲϸ֮дʱ̲ĵʵࡣ
ʿһʼֳ˲֧㿪ʼÿÿ¶ȱݡҶСȴδ÷ɽֱӹֻʯ˿ڹ
ʿܿ죬ҲҶСͼֱڹ֮еĸо˲ˬԼսޣȴҲֻΡ
ûжãʯһǹ״ʿķ֮󣬱㱻˿ϵĳ籸
ջؽ콣˲ʱɢʿǸӲͷ˿ȴֹסÿһ֮˿İ籱øһ֣ܿҲסڲ˵ˡ
øסˣҶСҲֻһıڿСԼǰ棬˿
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ϵҶС·ýʵʵһʿ˵
ߣԭҶС񣡼Ȼϳңɰ󣿲ô˵㵱һʦ֣˶ңʦ֮Ϊ
̳֮ҶСŹڰݰ֮ǰʹɳ̽ʿе֪˵ĴݰǸ;ȥԼ͵͵뿪ɽŵĵһͽܡҶСһʦֵҲпԭġ̳ܹ֮ݰ£Բ˵ʱֳսҲ֤һ㡣ͬʱʹַţǼ̳ݰɫ
ǣʦ棿;ʦţ˽ɽվ˵ˣѲǸԷ֮ˣ㣬ʦźιأ
˵ȥݰһֱʱֵʬδȴͻȻҶСȻӣûк
һսøԷ壬ұǸԷ֮ˡұһʦʦ֣οҵʱɽҲԣԼҪɽȥһΪʦΪ׼ʦԪǧϻأ㾹Ȼɽţҽ룡ȴֽҸǺε
ֹסǽ˵Ȼ治֮ƺҲЩ
кοԣ˵ȻһֱŰɡ
ʦ֣ζָʹҪʦ𣡣֮Իͣ
ƾʲôƾ
ҶСһ䣬˿İ籱ø˼֣̳֮ϱ˸ԸԵضϵĹͷյö˼
ããҸ㣡ǣ̳֮ûҶСǿʹһ໴֮ڷȫ̸֪ҶС񣺡ʦһ޹Ƕ辶Ҫҵһ֮ͨ·ȴںڽƿһֱͻơʵڽǧǰѾ䳣ܹõκηŵԪӤڹ˼¡Ϊȴһֱͻơȴ֪һ취δⷨȴһƣ֮Ѿ޷ȥҲ˽ɽɢȥΪͶ뵽֮ⷨ¡֮Сɣ֮ǰо⹦ͬ޵İ취ŻָΪΪɣʦͣܵɣȴʦɣּ㾹Ȼҽɽţң˵ǲ
˵ĿʵǷǺηţĪǾǰɫĹ
ңΪλҪ֪㣿
̳֮Ҳִ֣һϵݰмơ
ԭǴ巨ţ˿Եǲ١
̳֮ҶСֻǳ˶Ƭ̣ǹķšʵ֪⹦ֺǴϸ֮е֪ġ巨ųʿǱΪ֮ˡҶСոʱֻû뵽컹ҵⷨȷҲǸֽĶ࣬Ҫϼѣһ򣬱ɰշƽΪ
ף㾹Ȼʶм۽硭Ѿ֪㣬ſңҪȥʦ𣡣
̳֮û뵽ҶСȻϵ巨šԱһʱҲδֹͣʹԼÿһ䶼ڽҪҶСſ
̳֮粻ƫƫʱĪڤڤ֮⣬һģ֮ӦΪͻƣ̡ܹȴ룬δ̵ܹһ档
ʦˡ
ҶСĬĬ˵
ʲôʦ֣Ҳ㼸䣬㲻ҪɱҰɣ
̳֮ЩˣҶСĻΪҶСҪɱ
ǰһգʦȻұʦУͻصУŻʱǡ㡣
˵ŻҶС˿˰籣̳֮ɡ
ʲôҲţ
ʿһָɣҶС֮ԣʱһŭ
Ų㣬ûбҪƭ㡣
ҶС˵ǻǽѾҶСϸ˳̵ıޣ̳֮š


߾ һ
һʵ̳֮࣬̾һйһ߳жֱ̱ڵϡ
֮󣬲ſĬĬʵʦڲУ
ǡ
ղᵽʦУʦʲôֻƬûУ
УҲڲС
á
˵̳֮꣬㻺ΪˣĶҲЩٻվ󣬱ֱӼһݹԶԶ˳ȥ
ö˵ҶСҲ֪̳֮ǱŲɵķ˹ȥ
̳֮δɳԶҶСʶ֮ظ֪ԴձɵؼΡûУ⿿еĻ̳֮ĶҲҪʱġ

̳֮ߺҶСһǷ֮Уڿһķ֮УֻС⨺ڵȥʱߴߴϼǴźҶС
ǰҶСѾˣδ뿪֮ⷿǰκ˲ôš֮еĺԱ֮жѵ֪Ҳ֪ҶСʱ顣Ҫ£ȷҶС
ҶСⷿһʱ䡣С⨺ﶼΪ̫ģܽܳΡ
ڵҶС֮뿪ⷿ䣬Լѡ⣬Ϊһ˲˿ӲĴ˽ֻҪ뵽ɴ棬û˺ҶСԳ֣ûܹס
ǰոոȥ̳֮
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ʦûˣҲûеطȥҲһʦܣҾͶˡһ֧һɲףֻԪӤڶѣʦָʦȻˣԺʦ㣡
̳֮ǴԲѣżձѾ˵˭ӡ˵Ļ룬Ҫ֪Ϊڲ֮ҲܵġܿͿԽ뵽ɵĺʿСȻѡҪõöࡣҪ֪ǲ֪ڵ֮µġ
ǺðɣԸʹɡһһɽ㡣

̳֮һУûñѾ˴һƬһǴӲҪչ֮࣬ĴҴܣȻֱڿ죬ʱ˾ȣȴΪѰԪӤʿ͵ġַŶԣʱʿָ㡣ҶСƽضֻԼȥ㲦ˡ̳֮һòȱ
ҲܹҶСֹԼĸо֮Уʿһ׹ӦܹԼɡʵҶСΪ֮£ڱȴǼ֮¡
̳֮֮󣬴濴ȥҶСƺҲָԭģΨһͬģһұӡٲκ˽롣еһУԱŵģⲻͬģǻһֻСӡ

УҶСǰվһεĿܡȻǴﵽݰһ֮ĶڡǰϸȥȻԷһ߿ܡѾﵽ˴ȫкβĵزҪ˵Ĳ죬˫̫һЩк̺ܡ޷ĦһˣĻŵǲӦܹһ˫
ѾݰƣȴδݰΪܡҶСֻҪԼƣʹá
ǾҶСʶ̽뵽ڵʱȴķڵ̻꾧֮оһ˿ʶֻһʶ̫ϸ΢һЩܹ䷢֣ȴܹҶСʲôӦ
ܹڲʶģ룬Ҳ֪ݰǰʶˡ𣬰˵ԪʶҲ֮ġȴ֪Ϊݰǰʱת֮ԭ򣬻Ϊڵ̻꾧ʶıȻһ˿ʶ
˵ҶСҪʹǲܹںʲôʶ֮࣬ɾڴˮһīˮһ㣬ĲٿضӰ졣ǣһʶȴݰ£ҶСµȥ֡ˣҶСһ͡
ҶСԭǽΪáڼһʶʱҶСȴı⡣ڲȥĨɱһʶҪֻһƲл꣬ӡѪ꣬Ҳɳüʵ͸˵ȻֻһƼϸ΢֪ǲѾʶľأҶСȴҪһ¡˵׼󻹻һ
ڷһʶ֮ҶС㽫ͣԼõʶһֻЩʶһֱҶСϸУȻֻʶȴһѾʮǿ׳ǻһ仯䣬ڻļšԭв֪Ϊʲôмʶƺʶһ㣬ʼʶ׳Լȴʱ֣ЩʶֿţŷֹչȻȥ˵׼һͻһǿĹˡ
ҶСһ׽һͷʶɱϸ΢ϸмȻʶһ˿ǿ̫࣬ǰǰһ𣬾ݰµһ˿ʶʶҲܽںϵġ
һֻʶҶСʶɱñݰµʶҪϸ΢ҶСʹЩϸʶ뵽ڡ
ڣ̻꾧ͺڳ˿ʶĺ´ΪѾһʶԵʣʶ̶ĳԭеһʶȥ
ʱЩʶ㶼һۼһ𡣿Ǿۼһ֮󣬱ûʲô仯
ҶСȴҲ֪ʱܹżҪʶ໥ںȻа취ȥ٣ȴǶʶʹõİ취һʹְ취ôµһʶҲ᳹ױʶ뱻ɱû˿ĲˡˣֻܹȥǿˡһܹںôΪĽʶȻݰֻһ㼫ϸ΢ʶȴһöӣһеֶᱻΨһȥյġΨһĲ𣬾ʱˡ
ںʶ֮ʵʲô򵥳ֻҶСںϹʯ˿ԴʱʩչŻӦ֡Ʒױʯ˿ǿ˲֪ٱиǧö̻꾧ͱøӼ
ˣҶСӿʼʶĽǺķ˽µʱ䡣
Ҳǹ򲻸ˣҶСʱѾݰµһ˿ʶѾʼʶ໥ںˡ˵ںϣʵ˵ɸΪСӴ˿ȥݰһʶδΪʶлҴʶֻ̫΢ˡ


 ֮
⣬ݰǰҲȻδͬҶСȴ֪ǱͬԴ໥ӡ֤ġôҶСһӦȷݰһʶʶǿԼ
һҶС㽫ѾɳΪľ·ȻݰʶʼɣٶȻʮֻģľӰ죬ʶҲıǿ
ˣҪҪһʶɳҲ֪ҪǧŻЧҪ֪ҶСֻһֻʶѡһֻͬʳһٶȣҲҪܹ׽ɵġȻݰһʶ˺ɵٶȻҲǺ˵ġ
һжδ֪ҶСҲ֪ѾݰµĲʶܷ֮ʲôΪһޣռһꣿʲôǣҲֻһʶ
ЩҶСȴںⱾһ⡣ԸǿսҲҪʱȥһ¡һʶ󻹴̵ʶͼ䡭
̲һԪӤʿֻǴȥ˵֪пһ֮󣬱ܿûʷӵСϾȻͬʱĲ࣬ǹ֮䣬ȴҲǶ಻ʤڵĺۼһЩ˵Уܿκεطҵˡ

ת֮䣬һεѪգʮȥ
ɻһεѪ֮ʱ챦֮бֵ̫ǿˣһжչüΪ˳
ڶݵɣѾٴڡڵģֻһΪɵɡ
ҶСڽ߳Ӱ֮Ҳָ糣ĥϣԴ̳֮Ҳǵһûʲô̬ȡ̳֮Ҳɲú˳µĽΪеĴϡҶСȴֻǴһ΢λ֮ϡʮ䣬ҶС񼸺ӲᡣһЩ½ʿܶ˶δһֻǴǰǵĿе֪ˡ
˵ִõļʯȫҶСıɽСںڣҶСҲ㾡ؽһЩССɹһЩʯһСɱϾȲЩĴŴɣ⼯ʯʵ뵽һЩŴɵСϾѰʿҲû⼯ʯĻᣬܹʹ⼯ʯķǷɽ֮ࡣ
һʮ꣡Ʒ̥һٽƷ硣һЩʯٽһˣҶС׵˳ֵȷû˶ʮ꣬ҪԼȥȻƷδػǻҪꡣ
ĳ֮ԪӤʿ
нĲǱˣȴǺڴǰǼȥõҩģ׵ʱԣõҩһ¿ƵúϡɢޣҲûеҩˡԼܹŪ̫ĵҩЩͶҶСȴȫһˣʮ䣬һж죬ҶСҲл棬־ƷҩҩҲܹԴԴϵṩƷҩ֮󣬶ҶСԳƣһƷ׾͸ˡ
ΪѪ֮ҲǰѾ׵ԪӤ硣˿ҲǰһͻذޱͬΪԪӤʿ
ڣʣµֻǰױ֪ΪΣһֱզ𵤺ڣδͻơ
ҲǺ˵֮£ҪԪӤΪҪﵽҪ⣬ҪҲӦǡԵĴҪʿľϵġ
࣬ɵĽʿڵʿУҲ½мͻ׵ԪӤ徳硣ЧȻҲҶСԴԴṩȥĵҩҶĴˡ
׵ԪӤڵʿУȴһ˼Ϊرˣ飡ܹͻҶСġҲڽȴδʲô쳣ַֻԼ츳ˡûԪƵĽΪߣ
ȻͽʿΪľ͸Ӷˡ֪УѾһ׳ɵʵڲǲɣΪˡ
ȻɵʵȴܹеṩһЩɻҩԭȴҶС񲢲ȥķѴʯֳɵҩɳɵڶʿ鲼ʤݣ޵ĸСרѼϧҩӻǼ۸硣ҩҩ󣬿ӵļ۸ȴǧ֮һġԺҶСϸҩĴЧҩǧƵģɳ죬ҩЧѡõļܳĵҩҶСʮҲڿٵҩҲ졣
ǰҶСΪϸţľԴԺľһֱڻšҶС֪˵ҪԴȴԼľյյľĲϸеҲԽԽ
ɿȥΪ磬ǰܶսԪӤʿӦøǿֲŶԡɻȴǣΪȴһֱûлεļΪ͵ʱлûδСȥȴֻѡ
СЩ䵹ǽСѾǴﵽ޵ľ硣ŵҲǳưһˡƨƨߵĸƨɺ棬˿ûд޵̬
ҲʼøǿֻΪȴʼ˿˿ĸı䡣ָıֻģͷϣ֪ʱһƬϸۡˮĸоһö˱ĺװĶͷһԣʱΪԼΪҶСʶںΪһԵʣԻ۳һȴô򵥡ƺһڳԭ巢չšԭ壬ȻΪ֮ʱһҲ˵ͨΪ꣬ˡɾͣǰڵĻ۵ʱȻǼ֮ġ
Ҫ֪֮ǰĸ׸дǧꡣ֮ǰмֳȴĸ׸дʱõġңĳҲĳʱδ֮ʣǰĸ׵ĸСʱɻ䣬ȴǴδ֪ҶСġ֮ʱ棬Ҳ˸¡ᱻ˹ȥʮ֮һġʵҲϸ΢ϵ


һ 򻴫
ȻҶСδܽ׵ԪӤڣȴнΪԵģ佣Ѿʮűʮıɽ˵Ѫ֮µսǼԪӤʿʱ򣬹ԽͿԽ⣬䣬ҶСն˵ھŲ㣬۳˱ν𽣡ھŲȴնһ㣬⹦֪Ϊȴеʮ㾳磬ֻõĹ֮ҲδдʮҪֻἰѡԣʮҲǴԶѣ統Ҳδɹ
⣬䣬ҶСϸ˱øΪӽʵ֮⣬һ䡣ҶСڿԼҲˡһϸԽӽʵıֻ֡ڻֻǴڴﵽʵıԵѣҶСҲֻܹʮȶս֮ҲеġڶһչѣҶС˵û̫ʵ塣
ҪȵϸױΪһҶСԼʵռ֮ŻΪҶСĪ֮

һգһ˵ͻȻɵƽҲڱƣ
ҶСԣԶɽҲڡ˵ǰһǱк̽輫ߵʿ򻣡
ЩУԴǹ鸽ɺ󣬹ȻҶС񣬵ȴԶɽ䣬ȻʱɣһصɣҶСᰲ뵽ĵؽҵСϵĵҩһֱֻ಻٣ЩΪҲȻǽ𵤺ڵľ硣ʱ䶼̽飬Ȼиѡ
ǰҶСȥڤ֮У֪Ұġһ˽뵽ħУȴŬҲǰңסڤʺԭ֮ˡħ빣תԼȡ֮Ұĺ¶ţֳڻع缫Ƕ̫ĳޣǽΪҰģԸ綼Ϳ̿
Ϊ֪˵ЦҶСЩһֱڽܹעڤı仯֮УǾʱ䶼ŴһͬóǱеʿǱ뵽徳ڣ̽ŸϢһ徳춯ħʬĻҪ̻ر
֮䣬ҶСȻϽһ֥СĽ䡣ȴһֱעŸơ⵹ںʢ˥䣬ȴΪɵλ̫С
ݴǰ֮Իûбռԭ֮һƷԲ֮⣬ΪҪľ߾ʵ̫ΪԸߵģһձɷԲһЩҲɵλãһģս׵壬ܵλáĵطע˲ǳ֮ء
ҶСϵĴͽ֮䡣Լʬɱģǰʮǰ֮һСģĳͻʵֻħĵһѡһΣħ徹Ȼʿ뵽˱߽紦ʱڸ֮а˲֪ټϸħʿҲиɴħαװɵ塣Щ飬һҶС߳ħ֮ʱ༸λʿ֪֮һЩͨҶСԼõĸϢ໥ӡ֤ЩʿԹȻûЩУڸ֮ж̻ΪߵͲͬħϸ¶űץġ仹жδģ˵ˡһ£ҶСҲ˵껯ΪȵҶԨΪ߻ʯƽ޹ʶˡ˶Ҳħ֮ˡ
һΣ弸ħµһ޴ĵɽ֮ƵС
һΣûǰˡ徳ͻȻĴţгħΪԽ֮ߣڻڲϵ൱СиһҵδħɢŹϢȴӵһʹ÷ӡؾΪʬħˡ֮࡭ټ̽ЩϢԽԽߵʿ֡ҵҲ޷ȥˡ
ھ֮һ󣬵ȴ̶ܴȻ˲ÿһ仰ÿһ֣ҶСϸڶУСΪ鱨ɣ綼Īá
徳֮£ҶСԶɽһʱһҹֱڶհ˲ŸɢȥֻҶСһˡ
֮ͨԣҶСѾȷ֪ħϴչսʱ̾ͽڲԶ֮

ҹʱ֣ҶСɹһ˼һζʹԼľӪò׿ʼЩģܹ⶯֮еⱣȫȥ
ǺǣȻˣͽɡ
ҶС̧ͷǺһЦſڵķ˵˵֮ʱüͷҲ˲չʱȻΣԼ·֮ȻãԼߡ
δ䣬һЦ֮źֳ˼Ӱ˿ױذޱˡ
С񣬹ϢǶ֪ˡߵҶСߣ˿˵ܻٶҲûõġ
ҪиӦ֮ģȹģսݵλãƱػΪһƬ桭
ҶС̾˵
֮Ҫ뿪ݵĻֻҪһǵﶼһģ
˵һԵİױҲͷʾͬ
ǵõ鱨ǷѾ֪ͨ˳ļɣ
ذޱʵǴʱЩ󲻹ܽΣǵ׼ʱ仹֡
ĵһʱѾ˸֪ˡҶС˵꣬һ£һת˵ҵȶܹ֪̽鱨ЩѾ֪ˡֱֻڸȻûжǺ˻ɵ顣
ҶСصʵ֮УǱвٵʱʵ˼ЩɵЩʲô
治֪ǼɵĵǺ̬ȣǲʿ߾֧ԮЩҲ֧һʱ̵ġǵʵȷӦñǸ֪鱨ġ
ҶС˵˿Ҳɻ˵
ǵ̬Σʱħ֪ʱͻṥǱ뾡ϡǵȲǰȥͨʿ֮䣬ǾҪˡȹģսѾֵܵһʱˡ
ҶСǰһֱ˼ģΰšԼһǣţѾȲ˵ԼɢһˡȻԼԴϼ׽֮뿪ǣȴò˼һȫ߲֮ǡ
ȨĶԵȰɡԼѾ˶ѾЩ飬ǶԼһչҲһĪǣңܾ串ĳ˵ҲҶСѪᾧ


˶ ߾
ҲΪʿǣңҶС۵ﶼҪһȥЩʿ
ڣҶСֻ̾ԼΪ̫һЩȻһϸɣǵǲóˡʿפϸ֮У㲻᲻ⶫݵЩϡˡ
˻һԣһšȻͼҶСɫͻȻһ䡣
б䡣ҶСɫһ˵ȥȥͨŵʿôͻˣȻǷʲô⡣
˵꣬ҶС㵱ȴ˼ݹ⣬ɳ⣬ȥӦǰȥŵʿʱһһ̶ݳɣҶСҲҪڵһʱ֪鷢ʲô仯
һˣҶСŷ˾Ȼ˵ģ
δʻȸ˷һöҩͬʱΪȥָһЩ֮󣬲
׷ʲô飿ôôͻˣأ
ˡʿɳɤһڣסˡҪ֪֮ʱͬһ𣬴ʱʱ˶ûܻ֪ڶʿɱֻʦƴػ֮£˳Ϊֻͣ˳
ģʿϵıᶨҧһ˵˵˺ȴֹס˽뵽ɺ󣬻δʲôˣһΣȴ䶼һֵͬܵʿɱ
ҶСһ֮Ŀ֮˲ʱֳһ˿⡣ĿҶСѾаδֹˡԣҶСһļҲеһ⡣
лɣټ䳤ϺԪӤʿһȥ
ҶС˵꣬ݹ⣬һ⣬˲ʧԭءʮжݷȻ׵˵㾳磬ҲﵽѰԪӤóʿʮࡣҲ֪Ҳӣ̾͵ͷɡ
δʼңɵĶȻʼˣ
ԭҶСǴŵʿе֪ڸոյ붫ݵı߽紦ʱȻܵڶʿΧȻܹȫ϶ǵĸɵʿʱȴⷢڼһΧ֮϶ѾʿͶݣⳤķ߳׸뿪ˡΪؼǣЩ˾ȻֻǼǴӶݷʿ仰ҲʣֱӾҪɱ
Ѿ֤ĽҶСѾڲ֪֮У뵽˱µıСѹִǰɳ̽ռҩӵʿѾδԭǶǱ˳СǱ¶ݣ˵׼ҲѾʧ
ҶСǴȥһĶò˶þܹɵЩʿ֮ġ

ʱҶСѾʿ˵ĵطʶһ̽ȻǰʿһҿȥƺڲʲôܿѾڴһЩ֮ࡣ
ݹȻ֮½࣬ٶȴǲҶСΣ֮󣬱ѾΧһѲߵеʿ֮СЩʿΪߵҲһ𵤺ʿҶСһ֣˻δ˿ķӦѾҶСסʮʿҶСһ֮ʾͱնʶϢĴ֮׹ȥ
ҶСסҲ໰ֱӱ㽫ΣԳʶ֮õ鱨Ѿǽ𵤺ΪֻһΧľѲߣ֪鵹ǲ١
һ̽飬֪ԭ֮еĸ֪ϢҲǳ򣬾ǰȵȶʤݵĸɶѾ֪ϢʱѾʼħĵֿ׼ҶСɺԵѾų档֪ͨķҲ˳붫ݵĽ紦һʿɱⲻųصʿҪֱӾ
һֽ赶ɱˣЩҶСϢİһǽ𵤺ʿвδóҪѶݸ˭´ģҶСȴ֪ĴɶнӴһǳǹԼ´༸ɶȻҲ֪Ҳѹ֣Ĵɹ꣬ĸȵȹϵ׷ӡҶСǿ˵Ǻ޹ϸô̫ȥںΪɣȥǹȡ
Щ˵ҲʧˡҶСıǳ׸һֻ࣬ҪҶСԸ⣬Ҳδؾͻ⵽⡣ΪħĴʬܹʹʬȻˡҶСĹϵֻҪҶСԸ⣬ȻΪ֮µĵһ󽫣ڣҶСδħͶϣеЩҲδؾͻù١
ȷ֮ҶСֱȥɵĴ󴦡һ뵽ɽУ㷢һλĴѾױˡ˿ЩҪһҲܵⶫݣħ塢Ĵȫ¾ɾ
⴫󱻻٣ҶС˵˵롣ѹ֣ѹֵ֮ǰһҲδᵽŮˡ

֮ҶСѾصɡʱѾۼһҶСδ˱ѾŴʱ
ʵʱѾûʲô֣ħĴһֵܹں·ֱΨһԱȫİ취ҪôħͶϣҪôҳһ·ڻҡ
ҶС˶ſҶС̽鵽ʲô
ʦܣ̽鵽ʲô
˵Ϊߵ̳֮ȻҶСδйһʦ֣ȴǴܵĻҶСʦܡ
Ѿ꣬ǰ˵ȥȴһֱδǵӰڼǰѾ뿪ȥѰˡΪȻû˵İȴôʱָ©⡣ҶСǸõӣԺһЩ༸ӾͲ֪ˡһΣ뿪ҶСλʦܰȴǶҲѾԪӤڵΪҶСͬҶС״ҶСҲһС
ĸѾͨڻˡڸɵʿɵķôˣ˴Ŀ޿ͨߵġ
ҶСɫЩ˵Ϊ·Ͷħ壬֮⣬ҵһԳԡԴʱɫѣȴΪԼ·Ƕڳ˵նġЩ˻ǹ˼ɲԶޣǹ˼ɵֻһˣǲֱɣȴ񶾵İ취ҶСûаŹʱʱ̽飬Ҫȵħ塢ϴѹ֮գ֪ԼѾļɶ˺·ħʵʵһ׽


 ü
ҶС˵һʱ˽ԡƣȷֹ̫ˡħ塢ϴɵĻɴٽǣҲһ̾Ϳɽ̤ƽġ
ʱѾҲһݲչһԡƽ˵Цʲô鶼ôϵüҲ
λ̫żڱ㰲ʿᡣһһԣǴ˷ɣǱֻбˮһսˣ
֮ҶС˽˵ķֻҶС˵ıˮһսȴ֪˵ǵֿħ塢ıˮһսЩҪصĳһս
ԭҶС˵ķϸϸѾﵽһٽ㣬ֻҪһ֮ңеʿǽбѣһʵʵڵĿռһ㡣ȻҲпܾǴﵽһ绹мңԶľҪߡǲΣҶСڵİ취֮ˡҶС㿪ʼӶݵԭߴڵߴСһʼڣҶСҪͨݵЩٽľʵϸһĵߴȫ֮ϸ׻ܹʿеľ硣
ȻǿϧҶСʱȴҲܹϿΪǲڲ֮󶼽ǱؽħĴҲԲˡ

ҶСͬʱ֮еʿٻع鵽ڼᡣһȥҪҶСЧˡȻͬʱڶʿǰճ׼ۻ񡢻ʮͷԶޣѾҶС뵽ϸСҪߵĶҲԼЯ
֮ӭӭͷ֮ѡЩҲδֻǹŰݡһֱڵڶʿͬʱ㲻ǹΪΣһ׼׽糣õһʣǡϰҲӦҶСɵĹ׽ľһ޼ֻ˿ἰ׽ľӹĶɽ֮ҶСĶħ֮еʿӣӼᶨ뷨ԣǵʱȻһֽŵͬýĹһգȴû˿Ļңһжæµ־
ԭɷֱɡǡɣȡ¹ȡɣҲǷΪߴҶСȿʼģߴΪ
ҶСʱɵʿѾ뵽ɵıڣֻʣ¼ٲֵʿѡ
ʱȣҶСҲɣһɣ㿪ʼҶСѾδȴѾ˲ٵĳ룬ѾٿԿٶȣʹøԼΪϧǣʱ̫ȣѾһһ̵ʱˡ
ҶСϥأ˫£ʱγһڣһ˲֮䣬һڱͬһȥ˲ɢΧ
ʮҶСִгȻΪҶСŲ侳磬Ի֣ǽǰȷѾгҶСʥ沿䵱֮ʱÿһҪʱ⣬ھɵϰձԽ䳹ա
һ뵽ϸ֮Уʱӻһ㣬ʱжٶľս١ֵǣʱľԭϸ֮еԽԽʱҶС񵱳ϸдͬƶһƯڸ߿յĴҲڱľš
ı֮ľҲࡣĴӿ룬ľȴһЩҶѣһʱȥҲɣ߶ҲһӡȻľٶȲ죬ҶСȴϸһ֮ٶš
Ȼҵʱȥ֮ҶСڵȻľϸҲдţҶСȴ֪ʱϸȻδܹﵽ˽еĳ̶ȡ
ͣҶСֱӷһڿʼɺ󣬶¹ȡȡɣǡ
ЩԽԽǿҶСϸҲڷżı仯ҶСȵʱϸڿʼֹͣš෴ģȴľĸ߶ȿʼϵͻһ磬ٶһһͬʱҶСҲܵϸڿٵķű仯СͣڽﷶΧ֮ľ·ҲڿٵȻŨ̶Բ̫ǿȴڿٵıԽԽ㣬һֱҶС˷ɣ֮ǿѾɵһĳ̶ȡȳ̶ȣѾǽӽˡ
պǵҲѾҶСϸĴСȴδıֺľȴѾ˰ɸ߶ȡҲʹﵽɵĿǰĳ̶ȣСҪӹһЩҪ֪ǵɵѾѵġ֮ϸȴδȫﵽܹʿĳ̶ȡҶСȴҲֻ֪ǾһԶˡΪҶСڿϸˡѾǰһ޴ı仯ʿܷ룬ҪʣµЧˡ
ڵڶյʱ򣬶ݵʿѾڡҲЩʿոȫɵʱħҲ˶ҶСһֱδʿڱ߾ļ飬Խǵ˺ҲԽǽɾҶСδʱħѾʼ̽ԵĹ߾һͻƱ߾ķ
ʱҶСҲԭڱ߾ʿδߣǸ֪ɵ⣬гΪڻҡҲǣȴδҶСȡ˴ʱ䡣
ɣҶСڵһʱֱӷصڡһصɣҶСŷԼЩȻѾӵôµʿǾнˣҲнǧԪӤʿҲʮһλлһԪӤڡЩʿֻΪĵģǱǶ׵ʿŻʸɵı֮УʿֲģһлеġҶСƽרɵķչҲǴ²Żʣ䵽жһֱû
ҶСϸţľͬʱΪҲڿٵšգõΪѾԶʮ޵ЧҪ֪ҶСʮԴԴϵĵҩϸеĴµĴʶ֮ķ֡


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֮⣬ۻṩ൱ڼƷŨԼһ̲ͣЪĵඥɢŵҩЩ㼯һ𣬱ʹҶСٶȱѰʿʮʮ꣬ȴѾ൱ʿ߰˰ЧҪĻ̫ӦͿԽˡɾˣڼЧΪҲٶȴգΪ˼Խ׵ĳ̶ȡ
ҶСΪ̳֮ҲΪ档Ҫ֪ϸľԼҶСΪģȴĿݽߡȻϡȴѾǧ꣬ʿϢġڣȴڶ̶̼֮У㱻ҶСտݽߡ
ҶСصɵʱЩͻ˱߾ߵħҲû˿ͬһ籩һֱ룬ֱϯ
ħĿǾ뻹ǧ֮ңлɴػܹ֮ܵеʿʮֲħ
Ҫ˵ֵҵģҲҶСѾһصɡȻһЩȳһ塢ħĴҶСҪ뵽Ҳûôˡ
ħǧǴٶȻ½ҲòһʱᵽΪȵʿڶ࣬ҪͻΧѾǲܡȻҶСŲʿɱȥĸЩǱϼѣΪûлΪȻǽڵʿҲͶҪˡڣҶСԼɾȻѾƣҲ͸ӼᶨҪȫߣһ뷨
Ѿûбİ취ҶСһصɣֱӿʼȡһϸٶƷףﵽܹʿеЧ˵ҶСϸҲ֣Ĳл궼Խ룬ֻ屻ƣһֱҶСԼܹ롣֪䵽ԭ
ڹܲô࣬ҶСֻǴˣȫ׼ֵħԼȫɵܷɹڴһıˣ졣ɵȻɣҶСϸǲܹﵽҪ󣬻ʿ޷ֵħϴĹһ˷ҲͶҪǰˡʱҲֻܹȥİ취
ҶСԸǲɹʱΪħһǿתͷȥɡ˵ҶС˴γɹһ١֮еڶɣҲǶȻǺù
ת֮ǰʱȥħ塢ӽɵҲҶСңҶСϸȴδܹﵽҪ
ҶСڴ֮ǰѾʱˣֻһȫȴȥܡɵĻɴ֮ڣͷС͵ķơ˿ѾԪӤھ磬󷨵ǰ߳ʮֹҲΪ裬ȻƾڵʦҲ޷ĳ̶ȡ
ħ塢δȻһƬȻɱաʦԶýֹ֮Ϊֳ飬ֱ̳֮˿ţ׼ѳֻɴʿҲѾոԵССӣСֱ֯ɴӣԴΪλɵÿһ䣬Էֹһɴ޷֧֣ܹΪҶСȡʱ䡣
һʱħĴȻ뵽ɵϽΧ֮ڡǴӼ֮ߵĸ߿ճɱڣͺλںǰһС齹ʯһħɵľˣֱһС齹ʯɶǺȣɵʵ̫СһЩ
ֻҶС֪Щ쵽ǷҶСʱֻζԴǲΣ˲翿ҶСѾκ˵İڲ
ҶСڲԼȫǾʱ̣ħȻƼʤһɷ˵ֱɹͬʱҶСɽĽҡϸڲϱüʵȴδܹﵽҪ
ϸδܹҪĳ̶ȣҶСԼΪȴΪϵԪӤڵļޣҶСΪԲΪһʱпͻƣֱӽԪӤڡˣҶСȴҲܹʱףΪӭӾҲҪȥʱ䣬ʱǽ׳ɹɵʿǶѾ¾ɾˡ
ҵҶСÿÿҪΪ֮ʱѹƣǿѹȴҲܹ֡ͬǣΪѹƵҲԽĽ͡ҶСҪѹƵ̫ãֻҪǰϸܷ뼴ɡ
ħڣȻѾΧˮйͨͬˮͰȴҲǷֳһֱڹɶѣȴδ䵱һĵ֡
ħ֮Ҳȱپͨ󷨵ʿƺδһССɷӣһʼһ
ԵģҵĹɴʱ򣬴֮е˿̳֮ҲڴڵڶʦȫѳŻɴ˶Ĺʯ֧Ѿ޷֧ŴĳУҪоֹ֮ͨʦſԡʯĵͬʱͬˮһӿ뵽֮УΪԴԴϲĻڶʦڵ
ΪħͼıϽԵʣǲδһССɷΪɵʿ֮ΪߵҲֻǺħʿӦΪĹ޺ʬѡЩħȼĴڣڵһʱԽɣֱǰڶɲµ߹ȥˡ
˶⣬֮лطħͬʱӿ統й֮⣬ȻЩиѾԼϽڽħ塢ֱӴ͵ڵĴžԷգȴѾ͸֪ߵĸʿؼħħʿڣЩʿδ¶ΣôһڵȴΪؼʱ򣬲Żᷢһ
ʱ̣ҶСҲھԼȫʿȡĶʱܹϸﵽҪ
ҶСʮɷΧ֮ڣǰɵһƬҶСΪĵʮҵһһǲϵںһģҶСΧȴƺѾǰһ㲻Һһȥʮֹ졣
ҶСڽӵ˼£ҶСԼҲЩʹ䲻ϵ©ȥȻɢȥȴΪҶСʩչӵǿʹЩ޷뿪ҶС


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ĸ߿֮УʱվһˣҶСڵĻȻϵóǵʬԼֵħǸʬƺΪӾ࣬ѾħʿΪ
ԭƣƺѾҶСˡǴÿڳƺָйɵħ֮ʱ֪ҶСĹעȴһֱδ
ʦ֣ɣ
˿Ļһ䣬㾶ֱɵɻɴ֮ϡһĴ̳֮ʱһεͬͬ˴룬ݵϢȴδָٵ˿ȥһ̷һöƷ߽׵ҩٵĻָ
ͬʱ֮䣬˿̳֮ĸովݵϢҲδָٵʦҲ׷׻ԼӦλõʦ
˿ȻҪǿ̳֮ȴΪޡ̳֮ǰۺ񣬲ȻԼֵܹһˡ̳֮ȻΪ񣬵ȴΪڽֹ֮Ҳ̫ͨڰѳִʱļȴûá
ɵĻɴȻǿ˶ħޡ޹Ҳδ˿ᱻƵļ󣬿ΧħޡڵʿʮЩħޡ޵ΪҲ൱ڽʿߡǿʵ͹֮£ûɴ󱻹ƣĵɴڵʦݽ߶ǿԵġʱɴҲΪû֧ţˡ
˿̳֮ʦٶ֮󣬼˵ҪݽߡҶСǱȴû˿ĶˣԼҲܵΪĲϿݽߣڻָʱҲܹӵҩ֮лȡ޷ΧĿյˡ
ۼ˿̳֮ҪֲסȴֻۿŸż˿ûʲô취ȻƣǵǿȵĽƣ֣Ҳֵס
ڣ˿ĴҲ޷ΧĿ֮յһʱڵҲò˵֮ˡټեȡĻͽȡǵıԴʱ򽫻ĵΪĸպΪ
Ȼ֪ҶС񵽵˺̶ֳȣƾΧһ˿Ҳ޷ȡɵȻڿݽˡڣҶСȴţûбֳϸѾ˴ﵽҪĳ̶ȡȻѾȡ˼㹻ʱ䣬ҶС֮ǲеĻôҲǰ
ҲܵĽȣ˿̳֮һͬ뵽ڲķ֮󣬱㾡ԽеΪ˼¡ڵһʱɫҫַ޵׷ױ˳ȻǸʽķɽˣذޱȵˣʱӦս׼һսЩԪӤʿĵսЩԼһЩʿǣȻڶ࣬㼶ս֮Уȴֻܹ𵽸öѡ
Ĳ˥ҶСܹܵԼȡʼԽԽ٣Ѿȥһ䶼뵽ϸУĶһϸӼʵôһ㡣ҶСȴδ뵽һۿҪȫݽߣϸȴȻδܹľء
ϾϸȫҶСģҲҶСһ֣մǰҶСܵģϸӦѾǴﵽһٽ㡣ԲŻðգǵΣ֮ʱҲҪֶȡܹһϸٶ硣
ʵȴƺδҶСԤڣѾԽ˥ϸ֮вľϸĴСˡҶСսҲȫ䵽ϸеȥҲӦӡ֤ϸȻﵽһٽ㣬ӦΡȴƫƫ֪ȱʲôһֱδܹﵽҪ
ת֮䣬ٶδƹɻɴħϴǿ֮£Ȼѿ
Ļɴʵ̫һЩһձƣһգ֮䣬ԶԶȥͬȺһ塢ħ˲ӭͷǵڶʱķҲһƣ˿ûе͵
ڵʿȻƽضս٣Ǿƽʱ޶٣˵˶ħˡһʱ񼤶·ĩһ𺳡
ȻڶƱƣЩħȴԶĹһֱһƷҲҵˣʮͷԶҲʱóһ±ɱǰĴħ޺ޡЩħ޺һڣͻֿһʱ֮ҲЩӦͻȻܴ죬Ҳ乥Ϊ֮һ͡ҵʮͷԶޣΪɵʿӮһʱ䡣
˴ʱҶСȻȫϸͿ˼ϸ֮ȴҲѾܵ˶Ѿ뵽˾ԼԶڶʿǡΪԶ޵ʵޣɵڶʿҲۼһСĿռ֮СҶСʱĴֻھʮɷΧ֮ȴûһʿΪڸԶľ룬ҲѾܹܵԼͷųܵҶСȫʩΪӰ죬ܹ̫ġ
ҶСһֱȫʩΪٶת֮䣬һ˿ҲױˣݵߴСȫһʣĳ׿ݽߡǵڣҶСϸȻȴδܹﵽҪľ硣һʱ䣬ڴѹ˾޴עҶСҲʵȻʶļʩչҶСȴѾ޷ٴѾݽߵ֮лһ˿˿Уȴһֱڿ˼⡣ϸϾԼһ֣ȻԼԽ룬ôֻҪԼԸ⣬ôӦҲԽвŶԵġϸҪһô˶ע룬ҲûܹﵽҪġ
ⲻϸ㣡ͻȻҶС𡣴ʱҶСʣ˵Ҫ봩Խ磬ֻԶԴͣҲҪ֮ػʿſɡϸҲɾһռ䣬ȴֻǳɣҪҪڿռȫٿأǷʿҲ֮ҪΪſɡȻ޷ﵽǸ硣˿ܹԼͬйء֮Զʿ⣬һں˴ʥ̥࣬ǿԽռ䳣֮ڤںϴȪ䲻ãǶҲ봩Խռϵ


 
ҶСಿԪ񱾾һ壬ϢһȻȫҶСһͣҶСҲ֣ԭڲ֪УԼǿ֮⣬ΪںһЩӵһЩʿûе𵱳ڶսħʱҲΪԼĹ̫ǿֳڿռ˿ԼʿĲͬ
޳ϸףҪתΪĿռǰסΪϸʱ䣬乹ɵĻ֮⣬иϸ֮˶ڿռ̶ȡҲˣǷʿҲ޷ԼĿռ䡣ҶСȻֻϸתΪʵռ䣬ߵһݾȴͬҪ漰ڿռǡҪ֪ҶСڲԪӤڶѣǾҲһľ룬Ҫ˵ߵΪ硣
ˡұ㴫ʮ֮һġԣ֮޵ھͿܹʱáˡ˷ഹ֮²ǳ򡣵ұΪϰŹľ֮¹ϰǧֱ꣬ͻ䣬Ϊлꡣ˹ͬСɣвȻٲԭڶ֮ʱٴ˷ҪǰˡҲศҲĪ
½㲻ֱͣӱ㽫Լ֮ҶС
ࡢࡢƪƪǧԣƪʮǧԣƪǧԡѰԽǸ֮ȫƪԽ١֮š֮ȻᣬÿһԽ̲֮ǴÿһƪҲóÿһƪ֮ľ֮ƪǡȿռ֮ƪӵ֮塣ǵһƪкãΪﵽһ֮ʿٿһЩǿԴӵʶ֮ȴʿֻҪĳӵ֮ܡƪȻȫ֮ɾ䱾ԽʱصĴڡʱ䵽׳ɾʲôĴܣ˵֪ˡ
Ҳһƪ඼δһɡȻҲͲֻʣһƲл꣬ҷˡȻûǧϰҲһƲлҲ޷ˡ
ȻޣҶСȴҲһطǴһʼ͸һ񡪡ľϸ֮Сľ֮ȻǸͬܣľÿһϸ΢ı仯Ҳɲ֪һ㣬Ҫֻܹͨϸ֮й۲ľÿһֱ仯ҪĪĺôȻľֻ䣬ľѿϵҲµҲˣܹ۳ġ
ΪľԼϸУҲһ͸ҶСպһơƣҶС㲻ȲεĹÿ󶼻вͬĺôֱӵıǻҶС󵽵׻ӵͨҲֻܹ컯ˡ
ɼ죬࣬ĲԲĲ䣬Բ䡭
ɲʱ⣬Ȼʮ֮һƪƪǧԾҶСͬʱԼ򵽵ҲҶСֻ߷ţҪʿԼֻ޷ԴĶͬһ仰ͬһҲΪÿһ˵Ĳͬвͬ뷨Լ򵽵ģҲֻһ˿öѡ
֮ԽһƪҶСΪǵһƪ֮ÿһ͸ʿԼĪĺôҲδǴͷʼϰֻҪʿһ򣬱Ϊȥϰǧȫϰ͸Ȼͻ᳹ڻͨ
飬Ҳ˴ġʮǼ¸ַ֮ɣν;ͬ顣Ϊﵽһ֮󣬱ᷢʿķҲൽ֮ͬСܹеõ飬Ȼܹݾ֪ʵ統оѾвײİ顶ϣܹʬͼĹںµ֡ʬȻҲǶڵתطǽطǧڵȻҲѾڲϽӽšصݡ
ʮ֮ƪǧҶСзҫŻԻ͵Ĺ⻪ͷ֮вҶСҲΪݵʱڶ򵽵Ķӡ֤
ҶСȻݵʱҪϰȴҲ޷ȫҡЩħϴÿһļ֮Сֻת֮䣬Ǹո赲һħĲԶվΪ̫ϡ٣ڶԷһСֵʿ֮иħ˲ԶɵıߣֱڵһƹȥһǰҪӱܹħһѡҶСʶ֮УǡÿħʿֱΧеʿɵһʿҲѾʼ۳Ϊǿ׼ڽƱƿĵһʱ䣬ԼԻ
Ȼʱ˶֪ʱ̡ȴʵ˿ĺºͿ־壬ǾͿѵ֮һɵʿΣ׺һ档ʱ̣ҲҪקһħ汳
һ˲·ҶСжǡǡɵϿĸʽɽޡȵȣٶӦķΧһѹѹѹħĹ
ҶС֪Լܹӣ޷ٵתţƪǧһתһ̣ʱ·Ҳ޳ھֹͬʱ֮䣬ҶСҲȻ·ʱһ㣬һĿ״̬
֪УҶСȻڴʱƽٶȽ뵽˶ľ硣ϰʮġ֮ƪʱԹһ˲ʹԡĪߡҶСһֻΪΪҪţԴʱϰ֮ศ֮£༸ַҲвСĸá
ֻϧʱȻ뵽˶Сʱȴʵ̫ȣҶСд˻ᣬȴܹ̫У˱ҪʱԼǷ򣬶òҪ

ʱеʿѾܵĿݽߡҶСȴδļҲʼʵ¶ķһж϶ҶСѾԼֻܹԼȡʱһɾʱȴķ֣·ҶСڳе֮ȴٶȷ䡭


 ԪӤ
˵עѾȫֵĹ֮ʱȴֺȻ·ѾԼΧһһҲ׶յһ㲻ʣҶСȻһ𺳵˵ȴ˵һֵĸоʱҶСڵأȴһ޸ߴ֮СΪԵһЩʿĪһҪȻȻĹȥĳ羴֮СָоȻγһεĲһٵĵȥ˲ֵ˷Բǧ֮⡣
˵һָоʵǾһָоɵĲȴ֮˱仯һ֮Ȼܹÿľ괺һ㣬ǧ֮ڵвľ˲ٶȳѿ·һ˲㾭˴һ۵ѿǧľҲһ˲֮ƬҶ
Ϊ֮˶ӦΪ֮˾͸˵ЩУҶСʱı仯ӦԵȴҪ̳֮ˣȴǽΪΪ֮ԵʣΪҪȴΪ̳֮޷š޷֮ϵȻĸֲšתףҶС񣬶Ȼͷֱ̧աʱ˿̣˻޷̳֮УȴȻһɺȻҶСֱʣֱ֮ϡ˿̴˾֮ഫĴ󳹴֮֮ʱ޵Ҳ˸ߵĺȻȴǼΪټ֮£̳֮޳ԪӤ֮ʣȻҲ֮ߣȻ̾ΪˡҶСĺȻȻѾﵽֱʣ߶ȣƺȻԽ죬ֱһ㡣ʲôҶСͻȻ֮˾޴ı仯裿һδ޷֮ˣҲܹһ˲ͷųȻ֮߶ȣ
֮⣬̳֮ǡΪҶСһɺȻԵʣǾ֮ƺҲӰ죬йڷӿţڿٵʲôʱ䣬һɲԤٶȽ١
ս˲Ϣ䣬̳֮˼ת֮ʣȴҲٶȥ롣ΪʱЩħȻƿһƣһŹħħɢŸɫ﷨Ȼɵʿഥֻһ˲㱬ǿܡֻϧ֮УﵽԪӤڵͺħʿֹһˣ²ֹˣʿǶţëǿʵ֮н̳֮һԪӤʿԪӤʿڵʿҲֻʮ˶ѣ֮ʵ࣬ȻɵʿȻȫʩΪȴҲ졣ֻһ˵Ĺȴڵһµĳ֮³ױơɡ
ת˲֮䣬ħĹѹĵֿһħת˲ֱ
һĻһֱ֮еʬϲԾֳһĨЦݡҶСѴ֪Ϥ˴ʱ˿̣㹻ţƵҶСͷΪ֪ҶС飬ҲǴҪɸ뷨ЩħȻͣǴкʿϺȴһȡǵ˻߽סѡҪģֻҪЩסԴҪЮҶСˡǰʬΪһֱҶСӰڴʲô⣬Щģǵһ̣ȴţҶСд㣬ҲȻˡ
ɾΪһ˲ǰһĻȴţһʱ׵׷ʲôֻǷ·ڵͻȻ䵼սּתȴδüӦִʱ֮ž޴ԣʱǷƺûô򵥣ĵ龹һ˲ȴδֵвħĴȻ

ҶСǡǡһ˲֮һʱȻϸɣɾΪһռ䣡ڵһʱ䣬㽫ϸĿҶСΪһһεĴһεĺڶ㳯ֿȥһ˲㽫ɵСҶС̣֮ħƤ£ЩѾǴţһڶʿȴһ˲ǵķɽ޵ȵһʧˡЩ·ȴֻʣһʿ
ʬ塢ħʿ䣬ǡҶСϸ˾һĻҶСȴδ뵽ϸ֮УһܹϸѾϸռ䷢ӵ˼ޣѾʱܹ֮ޣҪս֮ʱ뵽ϸ֮ԱѴʱȴ޷ңҶСʱܹﵽ̶ֳȣȴҲȥΪЩħ֮⣬һֱ
һھ֮ϵ٣ҶСȱ˶һ٣ʱĪһ٣ȴҲϰΪˡڵΪԣȻףٵΪΣΪķšϰȷŵϰ½ţʿԽ󾳽˵ȴӰΪ޴󡣻Ҳпԭ
ʱҶС˵ȴ˿η塣ЩȻ֪˶ɹٸԪӤپʱȻԶԪӤٵƣȴҲ˿塣ϾʱԼɽ٣ۣԳ׷ſȥӭӾ׵ϴ
ذΧ֮УٵĵҶС˵ȴǰһˡǰѾﵽԪӤڼޣҶСҲѹƣ±ڷӿͬһĸעԪӤʶУΪҲʱǰ仯ҶСѹֱ֮ʣ׽ǰ̣ΪԪӤڣ
ɲʱ䣬ձȻܲƷӿо໥ײ캳ص֮һ˲Ҫ£ⱾʿĽѣҶСȴҪʵԼոΪҪΪԼԼͻΧ
ϸ֮УеʿǴǰѾҶС˵֮˿Ҳ֪ҶСϸ֮ȴδ뵽о˾ҶСϸνɽƣһƬɼҾΪҫĿģߴһͨľľȻߴɣ˲ұӡ֮⣬ϸ֮еĿоȻƮɢŨ˿ԭڵӡǰı仯һʱһһĿɿڴģ˭Ҳδõһ̣ҶСڳɹһڵʯ֮䣬㽫˾£뵽ϸС
˻δӦ֮ʣϸ֮оһ츹صı仯һʱ䣬ϸȴٶȷ䣬ڵһռδкα仯֮⣬̹֮ͬſأ׺ɣһķž޴ı仯˰ֺ뾰ǰһǲԼʱ仯ҶСΪԪӤڣϸҲ֮ٶȷ仯


˰ ϸճ
С٣λ潻±ǡ
ҶСϸ֮е˺ȻҶСͻȻմָоͺ֮׽٣ڷʩһ㡣ϾϸҶСĿռ䣬ȷһеף
˶δӦȴȻȺ֮һĺС硭
ֻ֣ȴѾǴųųĸоҶС˵ԼϸҲ練ӦȻһʱΣѽ⣬쿪ص塢ħȴԼҶСʵȴ޷ĵġֻǵĵĻڣȴֻ˵ֶѣྡȥδٺ
֮ģȴҶСһЦմصϸе֮䡣ԣһЦ֮еţ˵һУ˼ҶС᲻ʱȻ谲οҪȴǾǡϵþˣһħǷڵҶСҲˡ

жݷʱҶСĽһĨްĶݹ⡣жݷҶСΪٶȽﵽԪӤ֮޵ǿҲٶ·ƽһƬϼһҶС·
㱣֮ݹһҶСȻԭʧڶԲԵħУֻҶС֮ӰͻȻʧһȦѡ
ҶСٶȳ֮ʱѾ֮УǡڶħΪ֮ҶСһ֣Ҳʩչֹ绤סԼѡ
ħ޶ǰ˲Ϣľ𾪣ǧʿͽ׵ʿǲˣȴƾǰʧһôҲ벻סԻ֮ʣȴⷢʣµһ˾ҲͻȻһĺȻԼߡ׼һ˷֮ʣȴֺȻմһص֮ʱЩħ޲ŷ֣Լڲ֪֮УѾ뵽ΣС
ʵ̫һЩֱ˴ʱڳڶʿǲŷӦֻϧ̫Ȼ׽ٵķΧ֮СƱҪǣ
ҶСʩΪֱӷڶħ룬ҲǱ˾Ҫǣ
ҶСһЩħδüױѾ¡һ˲䣬㻯һնѵص׾޽յֱǵĿ󾹲ֹɡһ˲㽫ҶСΧħ޳ɡҸΪǿǣɿľ޴ΧһߴС򣬷ٵ֮䣬ײħΪߵͣǷˡ
Ƶ٣Ȼʿ׵ħʿԪӤҪǿǴʱ˵صʿƽδ׽֮еʿȻ޷ѣΧδǣħһʱҲɢɢٶȱӿȥʱ򣬾ǺħʿԪӤڵޣҲұǣǸոǵһףǾʮħޱֱɻǱЩΧŵɱ䲨߸
ҶСҲδ뵽پȻƣѶɽٲʱҲң٣ȫ͵Ҳȥˣת˲֮䣬һ£Щħ޾Ѿ˲䱻׻ɱֻϧЩʿʱھ֮б𣬵ҶС˷ཫΪĻᡣ֮УѾͬʿܵ͵֮ҶСּɰ󲿷־ףȻ֮ҲҪܴС
ʱȻµļ϶֮䣬ҶСǻжݷԶʿٶȷħ֮ҶСҲѾһ㣬֮ΧʮڱǺΪʿԱɱɾһƬС
һʱ䣬ħ㱻ҶСľ޴ĿӡӰ죬ԭĶҲ׻ҿеʿƴļɵķΧǶݵķΧ
˴ʱҶСȴҲܹȫȻ˵ֻƾԼɱСڣҲҪǾ֮֮ơڵľƣһҶСҪֵҲҪĲ١ΪԼħܵǣǰļһҲٽǧˡҶСѡĻΪģ˴һû׻ӣԼˡ
׽֮󣬸ոжȥ֮ҶС㽫жݷ£ȫٳŶĽ֮ȥǰѾʿҶСӶݵͼħһȥ׷һԳŷȥҲһȥ׷ҶСһͷǿҲˡ
ɱΧ֮ʣѾвħʿԽɣֱǰʱҶСҪģֻԼĵ׽ٵļ϶֮оɵøԶӽӽڱ߾֮һ˱߾һ壬ڻ֮ж벻ᱻϳҶСֻҪҪͻķӦòѡ
ǰĵµʱҶСҲ޷ɶݶңԶľ롣ڣҶСȻԪӤΪǿǰʮֹΪȥƶжݷҶСĶȻﵽһȷʿһЩĶ٣ݹÿһ֣Ѿǳ֮ң⡣ž׵ĲϼǿʱҲڱ䳤
ɲδɱģѾܿʬ顣ת
תǰҶСѾɵķΧֱ׷ǰڶħޡ֮ǰͻȻȻҲܣȴȻһ򶨵ʬҶСŷֹȻ˵Ĵ֮УȻֻмٵĸʬǣʬʿҴšػҶСѾʧʡҶСĶپˣ˵֮һ˲ʬΪѾҲҶСˡ
ҶСĶټֱ׷޺ħʿĶ٣ҶСĵǰĸ߽ħ޷ˣҲҪܵļ˱ܡɾˣҲж֮ˣǣӦɽ֮˻δ£ƽ׶ѳ֮ˡ

ҶС˶򽻽紦ʱȻսսǸ߽ʿ֮սҶСʶ̽鵱УѾңԶĸ߿֮ѾзھʿӴʼսҶСһ׵Ӱ죬Ҳòݱܡǵ˷ڣħΪҲǲұ뵽Ƶеġ
˴ʱħ壬Ѿ֪ڶɽ֮Сֻû֪ʲôˣܹڶɽ֮ʱ֮Ķ١ٵƣֻԪӤ׵ڵٻҪֻǿȴ˱ܡʹҶСһ·ǳͨ裡


˾ Ƴ
ת֮䣬Ȼǵھŵ׼¡ҶСʱҲǡսΪ֮ǰļ׽ǵķΧѾﵽʮɣΪǿһ׽٣䲨ķΧҲҪа֮ң
ҶСһ·ÿһαо£Щʿ׼Ҫս֮гݱܷâȴ벻Ƕݹһһ·߷ɱ߶ɽ֮˾ȻѾԡ
ʱҶСȻ֮ǰĶɽ֮ȫɢΪܹδ֮ʾ߾Ҳǽ߾ȫȫٷɶݣٵķȻͣ糹ɢȥҲѾܵЩ΢ˡҶСΧʿȵʱ֮лҪܼвħ塢еĸʿͬʿڰɵķΧ֮ڣѾ֮ࡣ
ҶСһЩʿ̾ҪɶݶܡȴҶС֮죬ҶСһٵһʱ콣⣬˲ΧɷΧڵաȻ䷶Χס˶ãҶСȴҲ̫ãֻסһ˲¼ɡ
ʱΣڳָ˫ĸ߽ʿҶСܶЩ嵱أҶСħ廹Ҫɶ֡ʱҪ֮ɱħ֮⣬ҲҪЩʿԳͽ䣡ԲŻ˲ħһԻ齣С
ת֮ʣھŵױ¡һ˲䣬ǾױЮŴݹ֮ƽ֮ڳУ֮ﾡɡ
һѾﵽҶСҲȫ͵ĳ̶ȡȫ£һҫ׵⵱лһŽ⣬Ƕ׳Ĵһ̶Ŀҫ۵Ľ򡣴ʱҶСΧΪʩչжȥ޷ܵľ֮γһĤҡ
ҶСҲҪȫӦܹ˿ɽҶСȫ͵˿ȥ˷ѵȫȴҲΪ̫֮ǿԶܳܶò󲿷жǿľ֮ʿԪӤڴԲʿҲѾ޴ӵֿһʱ̣㱻
ٶˡħʿɱǰȫֵ֮ȴҲδҶСٵֵһЩ֮ҶСɽٵѶȸһ֡
ѹЩʱϽڸҶСҲ˵֮ҲԵ͵
һ£µٲһ㣬һʱ䣬ɢȥɢȥ֮׵֮ȻһЩ˵ڶʿǸһëҲδ¡£Ҳ׺һ׵ԨɢζŨҵĺ̡
ΪԵ͵ʿδʲô쳣Щڵϼһȴƾ輫ǿĿʶ̽鵽һ˿ھ׿ʼɢ֮ʣǾȻһһš

֮ھʿҶС޷֪̽ǳǹȵĳħǷҲСԾھ׸ոռ֮ʣѾжݷȫٶߡ
ҶСһɶʱ֮󣬲ͣϸԼСȻǱ߾ԶԷʿҲǼʱͿôδ׷Ϊ߾ħĶ޷ҶСΪһµľҲܲСˣʱҲҪ̵ʱָһЩΪټһԶ߾ֻ֮ҪҶСԸ⣬һֱϸаˣǲͬǰһҪȥɻ˭ˡ
һϸ֮УҶСȽۻϸ롣
ҶСͻȻϸУ˾־ϲǰϸУȴ޷֪ġֻۿȥҲóҶС˲ģ
ҶСҲֻǼ˽䣬ľ±
ϸ֮еľھҶС׵ԪӤڳٶȷ仯֮󣬲ŷоȻڵľ֮ҶСǱʶУʶĽϸԼΪϤɵ״вɽ뵱޶ϵĸҲΪơǽɰᵽϸ֮һ
ҶСڳϰ֮ϸĲٿ֮Ȼ⻹ΪģɾܹﵽϸƵе
ҶСҲͰġҶСչأҲȥҲ׷׼ԹԵظΪȻ֪һռ䣬ǼϤĳҲмֹС˸ΪĵǣԶİȫöࡣ

ҶС񲢲ڴ˴Բ򵥻ָ˼ʱ֮󣬱ٶ뿪ϸ
һ棬㷢Χǰʲô״ҲͷˡɼжݷĶٻһݹֱԶȥ
ȻʱҲ㰲ȫȻǾ彻ս̫֮һЩһֲס˵رħСҶСɲԼʲôʱһϸȴħĵжʿС
ÿȥΣҶСԪӤڵΪȫٷɶ֮Ѿͬʿܼٶȡʶ̽鷶Χ㣬˷֣ѾɳԶ
һɶգҶСڳһСֱٶȸܵڣҶСͣ˶ݹ⡣һɽֽȥֱӽ뵽ϸС
⼸յĻָϸ֮еѾѴǰĵָԭǰҲδܵʲôˣֻǰ˿̳֮ڵʦ̫࣬ˡҶСһصϸٶȱչǰɽ֮ʱܵ⼸֮пһֱûжٻָ
ҶСչ֮ǰȴҲɳ˲ٵʿڸ̽Ϣ
ҶСµĵطȴѡġΪѾǳĸڣˣڲԶڣĴ֮һǹȣ
еΣյĵطȫĵطҶСѡ˵ţΪ׼ɳʿ̽飬Ҫ̽ʵԼ֮գȥһףǳǹȵĳħҲһ˶ѣʱҪ赲ħ֣ҲԱ֤Լʱʱ֮СֻҪڣҶСһ˱Կȥɡ
ԭҶСϸѾڵҶСۻóʱҶС֮ŨȱѾﵽڵǿȡ
ԪӤڣҶСԪӤȻһٳɳ䱾һߴСʱҶС֮ʱԪӤҲƯڰ֮УҶСһš
ΪԪӤѾ㹻ʵϸ֮бͱ氲ȫ֡ҶСŷԪӤնֱע뵽ԪӤУҪͨתﵽԪӤҪࡣ⵹Ҳǽ׵ԪӤ֮ʿһô


 ǹ
ȻڿԪӤѾǰǿ̫ࡣҪ֪ҪﵽԪӤڴԲ磬ԪӤĴСҪﵽ뱾ͬСſԡ˿ҶСȻǵԪӤڣҪԪӤԲ磬ȴܹǿһ·̶ѡ
ԪӤ֮һ磬쵽֮Уͼն˾ͺǴ˿ռһ̽˲֪
ʱһǱҶСŷԼȻճɢĴԼȻδɢĵͷŵҩ֮⣬ϸзһ˿һȻϡȴƫƫ޷ѹøŨʶУŷҲһƬɫģҶСǰδֹͻȻ֣ʱҲɻתһ룬ȴҲµ˵Լϸ֮е֮еֻǲ֪ʱԼͻȻϸԵʣΪ仯Ϊ
ЩѾҪΪٶ֮ҶСٶҲԪӤٶȸǶ֮ʶеʶ֮ɢŽɫ󣬶յҲһǽɫЩƺĳЩµϵ·ΧҶСһУڳͬһķչš
һҶС뵽ǣΪתµĺôȻδֽꡣҩɢٶȻǰ࣬ҲתĶȻд˵ҩֵԵֹǹĶˣҾ²⣬ҩһֱɢҶС׷ڲŻ᳹ɢ󣬺ܻܿҶСһĪĺô
ڣʿǶôңɼ֮£ҶСƺѾǱȻ֮£ֻʱѡţضɡʿԪӤڴԲ磬ҶСʵȴѾٴһ磬Ϊһﵽ磬ΪûԵֱӽھ硣ΪΪԪӤ޷
Զڰ֮УͬҶСһõתеҲͬڷٵΪӦĴٽҩɢĹΪĸǿ֮УҲѽ䵱е֮еΪȫڻͨͬ߳Լһҡ֮·ҶС֮գ˽ԻᱻԷɢȫͬһηֱ֮ʱȡ
һ˵ˣȴȫ౳۵ĵ·дǧ;֮ͬ˵ҶС֮ƽнȴȻעպ󻹻ľ

ת¹ȥ
ҶСٶ뿪ϸ֮ʱѾǴǰɽ֮ʱܵ˾Իָոս׺ΪҲ׺ʵ
뿪ϸ֮ʣҶСѾɳ̽ڶʿ֪ơȻһħ׼֣ȴû뵽߸߲ʿҲ׼ϢıѾĸ߽ʿ˱߾Ȼħڣ嵹ʱֵס乥ơ
ȴҶСȴ̫ġûǣңɢһ޹ǣˡڵ͵֣ռƷǧĴ͵ġҶСʱΪĵģȴǹڵơʱ뿪ϸΪؼıȻɳȥʿе֪ǳħȻѾǰ˱߾͵ħ
ħôҲѹ֣һħٶȳǰһֱ򣬵ʱɾֱѹǳǹȵƤˡȥֵ֮࣬˵úΪʲô֮ࡣʵȴֻ뿴һԺûʲô
ǹΪĴ֮һϽķΧȻ㡣ǹг˳ħǰȥֵ⣬ڵĴ󲿷ʿҲ˳ȥڳǹȵı֮ȻǿĻɴԳǹļ죬Ƽӹ̵ĻɴȻǿҪɵĻɴҪԶԶǿϰٱǧ
ǹȵĻɴȻǿҶСȴҲƽ֮ҪȫƲܣֻƿԼһСͿռȷûôѡֻҪҶСܹ令ɴ֮УԪӤڵΪǹȻ˵޼ɣȴҲܹסҶС񡣶˵ĳǹôǹȵƷѾ㹻ջˡҶСȻǴ֮£Ϊ֮
ֻΣ˿ҵ⻤ɴ֮ҶСɫ֮һֻǻɴ̽룬ָᴥһɲǣǴһˮһһ˲һƻȥΪҶСĶΪⲨɢķΧҲ㡣ҶСȼŻɴķƣʹܳһȱڣǡÿɹ롣
ָһ̽ȥ֮ҶСμһֱԼٶȴ˻ɴ֮С⻤ɴǿеȻҲΪǿҶСҲҪھ̵ʱڴСȷǼ꣬ɣǻɴĺȾȻɵĻɴ󵱳ͺǿֵ˶ٹȴҲĺȶѡ
һУҶСҲǹǵһʵҲ׼лʲôĸ֮ġԵһʱѾʶԼΧķΧԷһ
ǱƬ̣ҶС㷢ǰѲʿһʿΪһЩҲֻ˶ѣҳ˴ͷǸԪӤʿ⣬ĸֻǽʿʿȻ͸˵ҶСԸȻֵҲ˳ǹȵǿѲߵʿȻǿʵң⻹ڳħ˴ʿǰȥ߾ֵֵ¡
һʿΪʵѲߣԷеٶҲǼҶСΣĵĸһ֮󣬴λþѲ߶Զ֮ʱźȻʶм˰˱𽣡ͬʱ֮ԼҲȻϽ⽣âһɨ֮±Ѿʿ˿֪ʲô仯ɱͬʱʩչһ𵤱㶼˴뵽ϸС䴢ȻҲҶС𡣶ǰ˱νһҶСʹֱһԪӤڵĴͷʿȥնʵʵһն˸ʵɣҶС֣ǽʿΣδɱ
գ۵ʱҶСѾʿɱҲԪӤڵʿιȥЩʿҶСҪرȥѹһţԽιȥҶСԼɢѹ֮ںʶЩʿһΣҪϸһµġ


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һУ㽫ԪӤʿУʶ֮ʩչһ˲ʿм㶼һԵӿ뵽ҶССʿڳǹУٽǧԪӤʿǴһϣҶС֪ǹдصĶҲˣҶСŻƫƫԪӤڵʿʩչʶ֮ҽĽʿɱЩʿԶҶСʲôвҲԸȥɱ
ԼСչȥҶСĳʶֹ֮ͣϾԪӤʿԪѾʮֽʵļ̫ӣҶС⻹רǹйصļѰܹڰڽҲǾʶ֮ʿ̽飬ҶСıһƻƻռȵ֮
ҶСǹֻҪһҪصĳԭҶСһһϼ֮ࡣڣȴһԼ©˵ĵطǳǹȴ֮У֮ǿѣ֮⣬˲ҲԶԶǿѰɵġҶСҪ׳ɣҩȥûзɽȥȥ᣻ϸ֮еȻҲҶС񲻶ϵȼҲòġΨһƣΪĵġˡû츳ʿٺõķɽٶĵҩƷٺõҲáҶСȻɵİȫصǣûһ̶ɽţҪյȴΪһ¡ʱʿһ飬źȻƺѾ˽֮
ʿУҶС˵֪˳ǹȵѼںδνϢ֮⣬֪˳ǹΪħ֣䣬ѡ츳ǼѵΪȵʿǼͬһɽ֮ϣѪǿЩʿһ⿴һһб䣬ЩбʿױȫҲΪܹǵʵ˾٣ڴʱȴҶС񼫴ķ㡣ʿǹȵѼ˲žڣһҶСܹ޵ֵ֣еĻۡ
ʶ֮ţԪӤʿҲѾٻɡҶС㽫Ǭȡ֤ݵ֣֮ȥ֮󣬱ûԪӤʿһ޶ģҶСʶǿȣֻҪħٳǹУôֻһЩԱ˿
ҶСϴһ⣬·ŵʿУһʱ㽫ǵڱ̽Ȼ޷ǵڡ
һһֱƽ͵Ҳ֮Ѿɱ˵ԪӤһ޶ĸ̬߰һݹ⣬֮ҶСֱǰȥҪȥģӢʿΪɽ塣
ǹȸԭ㣬ı֮ڣҲãҶСŵ䱾ɵĸڡǹȱɵĸشżƷ׼ѵϺеһϣǡһɽ㣬ˡ
ҶСΪûΣһ·ȻѲʿȴδʲô鷳Ǵк˳ͨ
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ѣȻ˭ܹģԪӤʿûͨҲܹġʿдһʡ
ҶСȴδػ΢΢һЦ֪Уʶ֮б𽣣ն£Ԫһơһ棬ԪӤʿ㱻նȥͬʱ˫̧𣬱ǡŴ̴Ϸתָ̺һԴɰСҶСʩչ뵽ϸС
ҶСеĿĵءʱȻ׵ͬʱϸеĺ̳֮֮ϸű㽫ٻ˳
̳֮˳ҶСҲԣֻǽǶµǬｻ˺̳֮Լֱ嶥ȥ
ϸеʱҶСѾԼļƻ֪˺̳֮˱²֮ˣҲ˵뵽Ĵ֮һĳǹ֮С˱Ҳ첻µزµĽɫȻ˵أҲη壬м˷ܡһЦԻҶСɱʿ֮֮Ҳû˵ģ
͵ú̳֮滻ԪӤʿڴˣˣҶСҲǰæһˡ
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Χ֮ʮֲһɽ塣ʿʵҲóɽ֮ϣɽŴʿԪӤ⣬ฺʿΪ͵ľҲн𵤺ڣҶСʶȻϣÿȥҲ֪ЩʿҲ츳֮ˣһۿҪͻ׵ԪӤڵʿüЩĽ𵤺ʿҶС±ЩҲҪһޡԪƶҶСӰ뱻ʩߵΪأҶСڵʵֻҪǽڣδ׵ԪӤڵģ㲻̫Ӱ졣ЩֻҪһޣպ㶼Ǻܹܿõʿ
ԭҶСǴֱɽȥµľ֮󣬱㿪ʼ϶ȥ񣬵Щʶÿһʿ֮˹ȥ
岻СԼĪպҶС˽ӽɽ֮֮УҶСʮʿҲɱʮԪӤڵʿܹʮˣгڡ࣬ڲвѡԪӤʿѾĸٰʮ𵤺ʿһͬҶСԪơԭԪӤʿҶСԪҲӰ죬ǲ׶ԪӤʿʩչģԪӤʿǱʵԶѰ˶ǲһʮԪӦöǳǹصĺĵӡڣȴҶС
ٰʮˣһҶС֮󣬱ֶҶСųȥصԼӦڵλüΪҶСӸʱ䡣


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ҶСʱѾûԭ̬λɽ֮ϵĺΰҶСû̾佨ΰ棬Ƿ·𿴵ɵĲ׳ҶСԪһͷʿ츳Ӱ죬ԺܳһʱҶСΪԼԪƻֻܹǿһЩѼ鱨ʿѡǺȴ֣ȻҲԪƣΪȴɽٷǳټҶСԼʵԪҲвҲԽͨ͸²Ԫƶʿֻʹ츳½ѣȴȫΪġֻҪ㹻ǿԣΪﵽԲ֮ʱͬǿͻġЩǹȵľӢʿһǲ֪֮ǹǻ˶ٵڸѰԪƵӰ죬ӦҲԶѰʿġοҶС֮֮ĵҩѵǵ
Ӵ󵽼˸оȫ޷ƥеʶ˲ɽ֮ϡ̽飬ͬʱҲʿСҶС񻹲̫类˷ֶ¶Բֳ̫ĶҪﵽĿģʶȻѵķʽ
ҶСʶʱͬʱѾʶһ˲֮䣬һ֮ȫĳǹȾӢǶʱѡˣҶСʶļǿΪԵһµģȻںȻܵһǿ˲ǿӰͻȻУʧȥӾ˹ȥܹбѵģҲʮ𵤺ڵʿˡ
һ֮Ӵ֮еʿѾоųıһιȥʮܹбѣҲҶСܵˣְˡ
ʵҶСڵΪӵѹͷųѹѹЩʿڵأ޷վˡȴ֪ΪΣҶСһֱҲδܹѹʶǿ󣬾ûѹڶս֮Ҳʲô
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ǰκζǺصİű΢΢һ֮֨¡һ˿һҶСǰһĴ֮оŰپʮŸʯ̨ÿһʯ̨ȻȵҶСݰʱµǺʯ̨ƷҪʲôҲǳǹȵĴֱʣЩʯ̨ÿһǼֵʯϣʿת˳ͬʱҲһ߻ħĿܣкôѰʿܹһѾȻһ֮
ߺˣʲôôġ
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˵Ļȴδ˵꣬Ѿһ֮۳ֱͣԪնȥ˵֮ѾԪӤΪȻδʹˣȴҲͷһʹԪת˲ѹ֮ʱŷԵļ֮оԪӤʿԼһԱѣ˾Ī̱ȥ±֪ľ˾δסǲ֪Ժδ֮˵Ĺһ
Ǳ֮ˣֺϻöԷʻҶСȴԡֻʩչ׼õն°˱𽣱㳯ʮͬʱȥרԪӤʿ˲֮гľ˹ȥȻȺ󣬿ȴΪݣݲЩԪӤڡʿӦܹڶʱڷӦԪӤʿѵʱҲΪʱˡ
һ֮󣬱ҶСºȻһްĶݹ⣬ǶݹһҶСαѾԭʧǸոջָǵԪӤʿ֮ʣҶСȻѾ൱ƷɽʵƷ̥һ޽ϵĽâʵһ㣬мֽԭΪҶС觺˺ɫɫɫȴѾŲתΪ̫ļʯֻɢźһİԡâһۣȻС󣬽ȴͬʵһ㡣ȻǷɽڽһ֮еЧ
ͬʱ֮䣬ҶСԣȻֳָӴӰһǾ޴̬֩ΪǲļһޣʵѲһǹһۣɿ伫䲻Ӵܣǵݰıޣݰɺ󣬲ȥҶС󸡣ʵһֱ˿͸Щ֮Ҳʲô仯ȴ仯ͲͨޣʵҲ뺮ͬȴڵޡǾͨռ֮ޣˣŻڸһСͿռ䡣ΪٵģڳΪݰı֮ȴܵݰΪƣһֱ޷ԪӤڵľٶ̤һЩУûݰΪƣҶСϸ֮еĴٽЧΪȻǷ⣬ǳħıȶڿɻĸСЩȻĴ֮һɢƾƺҶСҪʤ֡ȻҲҶСʹƽزɢα˵йء
˴ռ䲻ҶСʩչ齣˵ʹ˴佣ɢӴƣҲڸסױ˷֡ǰԪӤʿǲܹڵһʱ佫ɱǵҶСȻҲԼ֪ˡˣŻһֱ˴ĳ棬ն֮£ٻ󸣬ȷһʧ
ȻϣҶСնһ֮ԪӤʿոѵһ˲䣬ҶСѾȫûͨ籨ŻʩչԼĻᡣõҶСĴȻȫʩΪؽͬܵʶ֮һɱҶСҲһ֣ƷƷ̥֣ͬʱϲ棬Ǳʿ޷ᡣ
Ź⻪ҫ֮ԪӤʿȻһҶС֮ʻǽΪѣԪӤʿҲҪСģ޲⡣ٴˣȴѾƾһֻ֮Ĵ֮ĳǹȸأһɱԪӤʿʿգĿ࿴Ҳˡ


 
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һƬ£ٶȻصϸ֮СͬʱҶСҲʮϵǬȵ֮
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תͷҶСҲ֪Լһߺľźʮ𵤺ڵʿԼһӴҵʶԱΣݻ˯֮ˡ
Щʿڳǹ֮Ϊĵ֮ˣҶСҪǼǲ֮¡յȵȻҲѵġҶСҲϻתͷ˫Ŀ֮кâһ±һȴš
Ȼһ֮ľŵ±ƬɢȥǶʮ𵤺ʿ¶ҶСǡãֻǺ˴ţȴ˼ЩˡʮȻΪߣȴ츳֮ˣӦ쳣񡣴ŸƣһѾէ֣ͬʱһɽȵȾԻһ廷ƣԼ
ˣҶСϵǲɸֳһ˿ݡЩԽֳȻԼԽĺôЩˣΪǿԼվȽŸǿʯ
ץ֮ϺһӴƣֱʮץȥʮȻǼٷɶݣȥҶСĴٶȸ죬һ֮ȻۿҪ׷ϼˡ
ʮ֮ĿҲ಻ɿһ·ץȥֱεǽҲ¼ĺۼ
⣬зͻػʮûܹܱõˡڴס˵һ˲ҶСһһʶʩչʮ˹ȥڴסЩ˵ͬʱ֮䣬ʶȻʮҲʧȥ֪ɴֽϻء
屾ǹʿǾ֮أҶС˴Ȼʮʱȴһֱδ˷֡һɽ֮ȻݣǹȵʿȴǱڹ˿֪
ʮʱʱ䣬ҶСȻҵеȫʩԪڴ֮еĺ̨ϣЩҶСʩչԪƵĳǹʿѣڻ˯֮СͬʱҶСȻ˿ٻ˳Χ·ơ֮ҶСʩչ͵ؽܹ٣ҪԼܹڴ˿ʱˡڵʱҶСмţ˵ͻ齣սжݷҲѰʿܼġ
˴ʿǽڼµʳҶСڵΪȻԪӰ죬ȴѾǼ΢СӰˡһЩۣȡôĹľӢʿҶСҲĸԸġ
ʶϣɢʿҲٻءǹȹȻ񣬼ҵײ˿÷Ƶʱ򣬲ŷϾзԶ²÷Ҫǿ˲֪ٱ

ʱһ׼ҶСµʿҲѾ˹ҶСϸŴ󿪣ʱ㽫ΰ֮еĸȻҲǾŰپʮźʯ̨ҶСǰȻѼ˲ٵķ㹻ɵʿʹáϸҲʮְȫ赣֣ʿҲֻҪǱǡеĶᵽϸУȻǶҶСҪ׳õĸ
ʿ뵽ϸ֮УЩٶ𵤺ʿҶСһϣһҲ뵽ϸС֮ˣҶСʱ뽫ǴߵġЩ˶ǳǹȵĺĵӣ㽫ֻҪӦһЩ㲻ᱻ˿ҶСˡԪƣҶСžǳħҲ̽ЩҶС㽫£ΪԼڳǹµһӡǹȵѾܹ⣬ǳħѾǷΪѪҲδûа취Լƽ⡣ҶСҲû˵ҳǹȵ鷳Щ£ΪպҶС񳹵߽ǹһʷʡ֮ҶСٽЩ֮ʱһΪӦѾֹڽ𵤺ˣ
ôߵģҶСϸ֮СЩҪµģҶСϾ£Ҳܹ̫ԡ
ҶС˿Ŀɽ֮ĵһʱ䣬㽫˿̳֮Ҳ뵽ϸСϣֻҶСһʮĽ𵤺ʿȻҶСǽٻ˳ػԼΪޣͬ壬ǿʱϸġڳҶСʱͻΧ֮ʣһЩ
ɴһ𣬳ǹ֮еȻҲᷢ״ҶСҲ֮٣ǲɽֻҪһʩչһǿϢɢҲᱻ˵һʱ

ĻɽĪ𣬳ǹȷ״ʿҲĴɻ󡣲ȴҲûأȻ˵Ϊ֮Ум˻ɽԱ⵽û뵽ԣΪҶСȡ˴ʱ䡣
Ȼͬ죬ɵһ󵵴ΣǱȵʥ沿֮еҲҪɵû˵֮еĽƣѾмҲǶϼҪ֪һ֮ҲģʤҲͽڰ֮еļ֮ôѡѵҶС֮ʱûոʩչѾͬӱӿһĻŨкϸ֮С
̲ܵҶСϸ֮жʱٶȿʼ䡣ľڻĳɳţеҲʼм粻ϵϻеʿҲܹܵԼ֮ʱܹյԽԽȻûۻ¡ڣϸУۻܹǵķΧҲ޵ģҲǽܹΪĵһСɵʹöѡ
ĻɽȻȴΪ˰ѳֻ֣ʯ֧֣ԴʯĴ֮ʣ⻤ɽҲ֮ơҶСȴҲ£ΪʱȻ˴ʱǹȵǲŷ̬ԣſʼԽԽʿеͬʱǿŻɽ


 
ҶСǵӦࡣԭǹͷһҪӲУȷڳϸ۵һ㣬ɾĴ˺ҧʳ
ҶСǰڵأ˫ĳ鰲档֮ŨŨͬͨһӿͣȱһкҶСϸСȻʱŨҶСǲҲþԼȫȥΪոսԪӤڲõҶС񣬱ոһ˲֮䣬㱻׳ʵˡ
ҶСΪĵʮɷΧ֮ڣѾԱŨһ㲻ϷѾƵľ硣ѾΪĿٷγһ˿˿ϸСżһ¡
ǴʱȻѾҶСԼҡǰЧȻˣҪ֪屾ǱɵġǰٶûиһҲǲܡڣҶСȴѾԪӤΪĲٿȻǽȣٶȻտɱȡ
ЩǹʿȻ֪ϵ׷ʲô·ɢϡܹԸܵõġܹӰ쵽ŨȣȻС¡ʶҲ޷̽鵽ϵǷʲôԵһʼǿϧǣǹ֮еľ󲿷ʿѾ˱߽紦ֵ壬еĶһЩսرǿʿǣرࡣʵˣҶСҲô׾ܹġƽʱҲֻôٵʿԪӤʿڴҲȻҲӴˡټǳǹȵҪڣϵĻɽҲѰƣȻֻʯ֧ţʯľ֮ǰǵҲԹơ˭ܹõ⻤ɽһձֵǹȵʿأ
СʱȥȻҶСĽɡˣƷȻΪҶСԵĴƷ׵ĽͣҶСٶҲʼ
һȫͬʱҶСҲʶ̽ΧΡȻٶȽǻɽƺܹһģҶСǴ㲻һֵ̾ͣġңҶСܹԸܵϸ֮еѾΪ̶ԼĪһʱƷӦѾǴﵽƷмļޣֻҪٽһһﵽƷϼ硣Ҳ൱ڵʥ沿ǿȡ
˥ȥϷЩǹȵʿѾܵɢŨڿٵ½ںܿѾΧѰǿ̫ˡ
ӶƷϼ䵽ƷмƷ¼ҶСһ˽ʱʱڵ˶Ʒ磬ΪƷϼˣѾȫ㲻ʲôϼҾڳǹҲһǳѰɼˡƵƷ֮ʣҶСϸ֮еҲһͻƾ磬Ϊ˶Ʒ¼硣ֻϧҶС˵ǱľȡˣȻϸ֮еȻ̶ֻȡҶСȴΪԪӤڵΪҪ̫ļ죬ʱȻ̶ʱɶѰʿ๦ȴҲû̫ԵЧ
ʱۼɽþòܹƣһǹȵʿҲ˺ݾǺȻܵͻȻϡʱҪ֪ɽеڶྫӢʿֻҪЩʱ;ܹҺɽ֮ʲôطܹٻǧҲԻָôһġóĴ֮һǱ˼۸˼ʱ˵˳ȥǵ滹ţóħǵƤǳħϳǣкĿȥһҲϧĹ
ҶСҲδ뵽⻤ɴǿֵʱЩʿδܹơձȻ˲߳ɣȻܹﵽƷϼľ硣ڳǹȵʿȥѾ˺ѷΰʹˣϾǱȱȽǵġǶҶСҲǲܹӵԴȪҪ֪ڶ֮ʱֻɺǵܹǿӽ̶ȶѡֻҪɴδƣҶС㲻ͣ֡

Ȼһֱ󣬳ǹȵʿҲδܹĻɽ󣬵ĽʿѾˡڻɽʯĸɾ⻤ɽ󲻹˿˵ĽʵҲҶСԨԴġħʿΪҪ΢һЩԵλҲ˵߳ôһ㡣ڣû˱Ҫ¼ķʿսɣһԭ߳ôһҲԶԶֲģҲͳĴ֮һˡǰд֮ҪġһŽҶСڶݵҲʹҪñͬȻҲҪôһεֵ֣ǳǹɳʿҲġˣաɣ濴ȥǲһĸ̬߰ȴĲһӵǿսеʿʵ̫һЩ
Ȼ˵Ķָڳǹȵ˵ʣµʿУԪӤڵҲаٶģླʿǲҶСȫܹһܹԱǲ
ҶСȫٶ˥ߣٶҲԽԽˡǴһˮĺ൱мˮȻԽ˺ԽԼˮ
ո˥ߵƷмʱļǼ֮ߵڶǹʿһ±ӵһʱɫɽޡȵȹҶС
ڻɽƵĵһʱ䣬ҶСȻ˳һ㽫ڼϵ糶գ֮㻯һСֱĹȥͬʱҶС֮󸾡䱣֮С
ϾֻҶСһۣ֮ޡ˶ĹҲǾܲסȻкϵĹԽԽʱҲһ㳹ױƿһʱͬһЯӴѵֱҶСЩЩʿȫʩΪҶСҲԿġ
ҶС֪þգԼ˴˵ջ㡣ǳǹΪļϼ֮һһԼݽߣ˶ľӢʿһѹһգԼϸʿһӶ˳ǹȵĻһ
һ˲ҶСȻжݷϣ׼һ΢֮ȫɱ˹ȥ


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ĹΣ³ĴȴǷƥСҶСδɵһȫɼϸܵĽ˿ɵһŴѾֱǰĴƬɽȵȥʱĴɲѰõ֣һҪòܹ۳һţƽʱʹùҲὫջصһ֡
ͬʱҶСƷ̥һʣ˳ƱХ֮һɽ⣬˿ǰȥǴ޲𹥻ͬǣҶСƷ̥ģֻЩ޺ڷɽȴƷ̥ǱҪȥֵ
ΪҲѾ֡ҶСڲʩչ齣Ļδ󷨵ʱҪսʤҲһ¡ҶС֣Ҳ֪ʵ֮ǿ
ھ˿Ļ壬жȥ˸ֹĴҶСķɽ˼зǷɽ֮ĹĸͷȻһ·СɽһĴС䱳ϾȻγһдеһ
Ĵһţ֮һɺֱ֮ǰĸɫɽȥĽ˿Ƶĸɫɽڱס֮ʣ̹⻪ķɽֱʧȥϵ⽫ء
ת˲֮䣬ҶСǰĸֹȥ˴롣ﾡƣҲ˻ˣɽҲнĶ뵽Ĵ֮У븹ڵռ֮С
һѾЩʿȫʩΪҶСһ䵱£ĹҲࡣ
ҶСٶ֣һǧ֮ңΪԵ֮޷׽ںδһι֮Լ֮̽бʧȥĿ꣡
ڵµһٶ죬Ȱ̤գռۣһ֮ȻһȺǹȵʿȺСҶСԶݹЮ󸣬ܿҲ
һޣһȺذΧ֮У㶼ԼķǿйǴ󿪴ϣ󾡿ͻΧһʱǰԪӤʿսһţʱɱøذ
ҶСͻƲܹ˿ĳӣΪղǽٶ죬統´빥Լ¶ܹЩʿĹâת䱡һǿͻΧǴ˵ؾսȻֻᱻʿΧʱȻҲѰࡣ
⻪ǻ齣𡣽һ㽫󸶼СʱҶСǴԽǿͻưΧԲδЩ߽ʿһȻУýһͷһֱǰȥߣԱ˲ɱ˴ʿ࣬ȴҲûһܹӲ⽣󣬶òݱâЩ뵽еʿýȥ⹥ֻԽʰ
˲䣬ȻΡĹ⻪֮£ҶСʩչŽҲڽǰΧƿһССȱڡ
ȱһ֣ҶС㶸Ȼɢջڡתϵģȫʩչжݷ
һͻ˰ΧҶСˮһ㣬˲ϢһƬ׷Ӷݹ⡣
ȻżǰҲʿ֪ʱµǿսʿȻڴǰѾȥΧҶСˡǹû˳ħָӣֲ֪ҶСΪǳȻһʱʿȥǿ壬ھû¼ҶСҶС˦˺󷽵Χ׷½֮ǰʲô谭
ʱҶСΪҪαװɳǹȵʿǱ룬ٶȻ죬ȫٱӣר뿪ǹȵĽݾȥû̫ãѾ˳ǹȵıɡ뿪ⱾɣЩԺ֮еʿֵһᡣ
ҶС˳ǹȷΧʱǺ󷽵ʿȻ֪׵˶Զ֮⡣ҶСѾ׷ҲӶݣת·ȥ˸֮뵽ϸݱܡ
ʱĴӶݣԶϸиΪȫ൱һС͵Ŀռ䣬κϢԲɢ¶ȥ

ҶСոնܵϸ֮ԼĪʱң͸֮ܵдʿٷɹò£ҶСҲ֪Щ׷ոոϵȴѾûеʱں׷ǰ֮࣬ΪʧȥҶСټҲòĴɢѰˡ
֮ѡھǹȲԶ֮ܣҶСδȥʱħԶڱ߾֮͵ħ壬˵֪ͨҪһʱ䣬֪ˣҪҲûôסϾڵս˵ܹģҶСԺǻĻɾͲôˡ
ЩʿɵԶһЩҶСȻϸ֮һϱԳһ˿Цݡǳǹȵʿ벻˻ᵨΪôǹȸ֮УҲ벻˻ڱ׷ɱ֮ٶ۷ɣ
ҶС񲻹˳ħһǳħҪҪҶС˵ġҶСʱŻ˲ģ׼˳ǹʹҶСر֮ˣ֮ʱȻзߺޣʱҲͽЩ޹ؽҪĶˡҲкһʿǵҶС֮ˣڲҲǱҶСʿͬȶԴػҶСܹ֮·ߵøԶ졣ǹԼȴѾ޷⡣ǳǹȲḲɻһ׳Ҳữȥ
ʱǹҶСǰȻһĴڡҶСҲδҪھͰ𣬿ȴҲҪԼȫ˺
ǹȽʿǶɢȥѰҶСһʱڷӿ顣ҶСʱٶ۷֮ǰ˳
ҶСȻǳǹˣȴΪ̽ԪӤʿļ䣬ǹȵĸ˽һһΣҶСȥ֮ڵһ࣬ΪڡһһͲɽɣǸߵһѣ͵һȻһЩȴҲǳǹȵһصڡΪѰʱǹҩҩǴСɽϷɳȥġȻǳǹڣصҩҩҲ㹻ǹʮճáڳǹȲ󣬿ǷҶСһʮֿɹ۵ˡ㹻֮ˡҸΪҪǣ滹ƽʱΪֵԵͶ÷еĴҩӣ

жݷ֮µ޺֣ҶСҲͬ˲һ֣ÿһε֮һζңԶһһ·ϣҶСҲһЩǹȵʿһĳ־ɫ󾪡˶࣬ҶС޷ӲֻǸѵʿײҶСȻǲɷ˵ľɱ


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ۿҪϬڣҶСҲͣɼǰСʱսʱɽ岢δɽҶСɱ˼ʿ֮󣬱˳ϵϬϡ
һҶСǹʼʩ˿˿ϬĻɽͬʱҲ̳֮һͬɱϬϲʿһʿҶСȥϬĸСŵĵҩҩ֮ѹȥˡҶСԼҲ飬±ʩչʼϬ
ҶСɱʱδΣӦóǹеǶѾ֪ɱ˻ֻҪЩ׷ҶСʿһٶȱΧҲûбҪȥزأǶĿŵġЩʿع֮ʱĻɽӦҲͱٶȿ
һʱ֮Щɢȥ׷ѰҶСӰĳǹ˲½۷һӵͨ˵ٶɱ˻
ʱһšΪǰʿɳ׷ɱҶСֻϻٲΪʿ̽ı仯ѡЩµʿڸϵϬ֮ʱȻͱɵʿ󸡢һɱ߰˰ˡ
ϬҲܹϵǿȣӵһɽӹ㲩һЩһʱҶСȻҡľЩǹȵʿҪٶƿϬ⻤ɽʱѾ㹻ҶСˡȻҶСȫʩΪȴҲż
һΣΪһεľ飬ҶСҲδ˿˻عϸǰѳֻɽ󣬱֮ǰҪǿ࣬һȡʱ䡣

һֱʱ֮󣬾ĳǹ˵Ƥӵ£ҶСӲٶȽһƷ߼ȫһƷŲȥķʱǳǹȵʿǲҪƽƵļ
ǰѳǹȱһͷͶ޵ĻôҶСһֱ㶼ǲϵһ룬ζ޷κһ뵽Ƥ֮еĸ롣ֻܹűƤʹ
ҶСϬԽݽ֮ʣҶСʶҲǹȵʿ˹һһɽ۴СԼĻɽҶСǿʵԽס˻ɽϣͺ
ϬݽߣҶС֮ʱҲ֮ۼعʿԽԽ࣬ҶСҲ˹վ
ȻԼܹһΣôڶҲӦò⣬ȴҲǰֻʵӴˡοڶʱҲˡ
ɵʿѰϬĸС鵤ҩﾡѹθɾȴҶСԡҶСһֱӴϸ֮ţЩС뵽ҶСϸ֮еı˿ڰѳַ֮ˡ棬ͬһֻѡ
ɽѾ˻ɽ׼֮ҶСǹ֮ҲʲôջһΣǸȥ֮ʱˡ
ϸ֮һأҶС㶸Ȼһŵ⣬ϵѾɽ壬Щʿᱻӳյࡣһ̣齣նɽԼ㶼ҶСʩչţϬĻɽ㱻ҶС򿪣¶ݹһӰ·һֳ̫һ㣬λûͬСɽһֱ߿֮еЩʿȥ
ʱǹȱɳ׷ҶСʿδȫع飬вٵʿع鵽ĴСɽȥѳֻɽڴ˴µʿȻࡣҶСһȴǴֱ·뷨Ǵ֮ʣһʣ
ҶС񱾾սԶͬʿ࣬ΪֱƷʿ󸸨û˷ʿĳǹемֺ޼ɵζһ棬ȴҶС䣬׽뷨ΪǿսԼΪʱƣÿÿǺԻ߳УӦӲϾоԵʵһʱȷмܲס
֮ڣҶСħ׷ɱԽ˱߾ĴʿٶǱ뵽ǹ֮УȻϬ壬ȴڻȡһֱǵһݲðأʱʱܵвҶСոΪּԪӤڵΪѱ׺ʵһ֮ҶСһֱѹŴҶСҲѾбһ
ʱһҪʩųһ֣ҶСȫʩΪһΪʩչ
һʱ䣬ҶСУڲ࣬ʱʱϣȻķɽֹһǿкϣҶСȴҼÿÿһ֡һ룬ʿ֮ȥδ¶٣㱻һһʩչ֮ʬϱһ֣ù⻪ɢ֮ʣ˵ʬȻʧˡҶСһ߻ɱһʩչЩ

żսĳҲԽԽʿʼع飬ҶСȻɱ˲ٵʿѹȴ˺ҲòʼսΪҶСǹ֮кȻĪĻʿЩʿһսǿԪӤʿЩԭҶСʶ֮̽ǲδֵģֱʱͻȻӳǹ֮еһͻȻ֡ڻţǸҶС񼫴ѹ
Ȼɻ󣬲ٶϸ֮̽󣬱ȫȻˡԭЩʿ֮ż󡣿⴫ͨǼ֮еĴˡҲѹ֣Ĵɱ֦ͬȶǳǹȵʿӣδɣڿס˲Щʿ
Ľ⻩һ±ҶСͬʱȻҲǰסһԪӤʿͬһͬ顣֮һϮīҶСĽ±㸡ֳһޡ޻ζ֮ʣҶСʧȥӰٶֳεʱѾԶʮ֮ˡ
ҶСĶ̫죬˲˲Ƶĸо
˴ֻССͽ䣡ҶСһ죬ǹȱް֮գҽ׷֮ʱǳǹȸ֮ʱ뿪򣡶ȺΪ֮
ҶСȻǶߣֻм˻ܹǿӰʶȴ˶һǵҶС˳ħǵڲ֮еı֣ǽչֳǿʵ˵ĻǼ٣òй˼ɡ
νǾӲСˡҶСȻƲСˣΪȴҲȫƲþӵġһ׷֮ˣȷʹҲֲñˣǹܷչ˹ֲ֮Ҳǲˡ


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ҶСǲ⻰ǹȵʿʶҶСֶΣպȻҲӽ̽飬ҶСлɳ˵ġЩЩո˴ʿǶȴǱһζΪҶСȻδᵽɣȴ˵Ҫ뿪֮⣬ȻǰļҲԼĵжλˡ
ǳǹȵʿǰȥɰԮ֮ǶѾҶСɵΣǰţҲ޷šһ˳ǹȣܵ˳ǹԭϼɽ֮ȻݽߣʵǰҲͶòˡոҶСٻ࣬ɱǹʿһĻҲмʶϴǰഫţһҲʼɵ
ԵȻʣһ֮·ҪҲֻܹǼɵȨ̫֮͹ҶСʵҶСɣöƷϼǼʱɱһлᣬøɻĸҡԶģȴҶСڶ̶̼ʱ֮У˰޵ĹҶСȻֻԪӤΪһ㹻ĻᣬܿɳɳĿԶҡɸĴڡΣɴǰ޷ԤϵõھȻ֪ҲȻΪʱΪֻҪҶСԸ⣬Զϸ֮гɰǧ겻ʺͻԵҪ׷Ҳֻʱԭѣ
ȻֻǼʱʱ䣬ΪȴǴﵽа֮ҶСǰ˺ֳʵҲԵǶ֮ϣȴǰ˼ɡ

һԶ˳ǹȣҶСֱķȥħ塢֣߾֮Բǳö֮ء
ɢ޺һЩСƽرûԴԴʱ֣ǵΣ֮ʣûֵġϾЩѵռݣвĶЩɡɢ޺СǱûʲô̫ʱǨƵȫ֮ġ
ˣҶСһ·Ҳ˲һǰѵɢ޺һЩСɵʿ
ո˳ķΧһ·ΪҶС㷢ĺҲһݹٵıҿģƺֱҶСңѾ뵽ҶСʶ֮̽ʱҶСȻҲܹ̽鵽ڣȴ޷
Ҳ˵˵ʹʲôǷ֮࣬ڱҶСʶ̽顣ɾĶֱܹ׷ҶСѾֳ䲻ˡҪ֪ҶСʱһ·ʩչжݷģ䲻ȫټУȴҲѰԪӤʿܹ׷ٶȡ
ЩΪʵڸ߲ɼ֮ˣҶСδܹϵԼʿ²۶ԷǺʲô˼ҶСǶ˼ֺ档
˼һҶСĽµĶݹȻһʢ佫ԭжݷĲ㾳磬ҲȻࡣҶСȴδԭеķ򣬶Ƿһתһ
ٶһϷзĸģ󷽽ԽԽĶݹȻҲŸ˷򡣴ҶС˾֮һݹƺҲżۿԽԽԶʱǶݹϺȻһǿĶݹ⣬ʹǶݹٶȶʱپһ˲֮ٶȳҶС񣬶ҳĻһְ㣬ǽľڴš
жݷҶСҲѣĲٶȱѾǼˡȴߵǵݹ졣ȻˣҶСҲ֪ӦöҲԪӤʿΪǷʿǶһ֮ˣӦҲǵٶȿġԺ˶ҲʲôĶ
ҶСҲ¡ڲϵĿ֮ʱۿҪ׷ǧɷΧ֮ڵʱҶСµ޶ݹȴһ»һһ㣬⻪˸ܲʲô̫ƣҶСĶȴһ˲䶸ȻѰʿʮٻֹˡ
һҶСٶȱԶ˺󷽵ʿƺҲҶСĶһЩͷˣҶСոʩչжݷҲֱӽپһ֮󣬺滹ڻšҲԽԽҶС񿿽
˿ٵĶݷҶСͷһμʶиǺʶк޷俴ڿ㹻Ŀ۲ľ֮£ҶСͷȥҲܹһģɫӰҲ޷俴ͨ͸߻δ棬Ѿʾ˲
ҶСٶȺܿѾ˼£Ǻ󷽵һݹٶҲҶСһ֣֣ܿԽԽۿѾɾ룬ҶСҲѾ׼ʱԷ׼ǾʱǺһݹȴͻȻʧȥ֧һٶȶȻ½˺ֱ·漱ٷȥǾҪ׹ȥһ㡭
ˣҶСĶҲһ½ࡣȻʶһ̽һݹ֮ϵʿɢȻѾΪʱҶС֣ⷢԼȻһܹʶ̽ˡֻʶУһڱɳһͷںڳͷԷԺŮޡһʵ޻ûκλƵ׺ҲɫǾһصӰҶСʶһ˫֮ʣȴȻһ־޵ĸо
ҶСδõٷǳ֮˾ȻǸŮޡΪԪӤڶѣҶСΪͬԼһԪӤڡƺҲģ
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ʶУҶСܹĸܵŮڵ֮ϡҼ䳯ԼƺҲδ˿ģ˼һֺ棬ҲٳǰɣǺͷȥҲֱŮ޷ȥ
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һץסٶȴһŮޣҶС㽫һʶ뵽Ǵ֮С

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⣬ҶС񻹶ԼʦܡʦúܸȤľؽ˵ҶСмơҶСǴǰ˻ǸʦܰȴǴһ֮аСʦݼݼ˻ƺ갶ݼݼһͬĳɣ֪ɻǶˣ˿ǵΪ츳ľ֮ӿݼݼʱݼݼͰҲǽΪѣȻǲδɱȴǽɡ֮ʣȴѾԪӤھ֮Լʮ֮Լݼݼһ߱ʮ꣬ʮ꾹ͻԪӤڣŻصɽݼݼ˳ˣһԪӤڵ֮ɱˣ˲һɡ
ϸľҲ˽⣬ҲҶС١һǳֽˣŻٶʩչĪΪٶմȾ鷳òӿռݱܡ

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һľسɳɳϷ·ڻһ㣬ȦƵֳһͷ֮ľر㵱ȽСҶСҲ
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ʦôأ֮ǰ֪ԷĴڣôͻȻǾۼһˣ
һ֮󣬺ʵ߸֮УСİ⣬һͲʮᱻ£ԼչһڶǾΪḻۣһںԷľͻȻټһȻġ
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ҶСδ˵Լϸ֮£ǺȻ˵

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ЩɵʿȥҶС񼸺ȫȥĵġҵУҶСǰһû˼ʶ壬Ȼǲȱ˵
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˶ڵƺһϲʲôҶС͸ν֮СˣɽҩûһǹҲδ¹һһû취ɲʿҶСҲΪ˴ҪϸСĳ˵ԴҶСķ֮⡣˵Ǵļֵ֮ߣȴǲɵġ˻ҶСȻ뵽ҶСЧ

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ĹһʩչɲʬϷ㸡һīɫŨҶСˡһ֮ҶСⷢԼ֮ʱ˻˴֮⣬һ˿Ҳں֮УһŽɫҺ嵱ں˼īɫ
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һҶСҲһ֮һʱҶС޷ȫյģԶĲֱҲϸЩһ𡣲ɲȴ֪ǷΪһĨеԵʣһҲȫݣԱֱ
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һ棬ҶСīɫ࣬Լı仯Ҳʼ˳ν˵ҲԽԣҶС彥ĶһָӦֶڿռĿƺͰյĸоָоֻҶСͨԶ봫֮ʱŻֵΪԡʱҶСӦȻһֱҶСãһֱûзкõʥ̥Ȫ䵱ȻѾ뵽ҶСУȴܹܵõֶֻǺһ㣬δȫ䳹ںΪһ塣īɫһ룬ʥ̥Ȫٶȱٶ֣īɫںΪһ壬ٱҶСգȫʵ
ʱţҲƥеɲҲҶСԽԽСֻʣµһҲҶСա
ʱҶСҲѾȫ񶼳Ǹոīɫϡ˵ɲӵд򿪿ռ츳ҶСܵīɫԼڿռְѿظܣѾ²µáҪרһЩ
ʱȻͽ뵽˱Ԫһ磬ҶСȫȴȻһǿҵĸоѡ֮е˱ͻȻһ㡣ҶС΢յ˫Ҳ৵һһ˲֮䣬ҶСšݵʧ֮ҶСɫŻָ糣
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ǵģʦҲӦ⵽ô£
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ҶСһ˵ԭʶ֮ʱһʶĸо˴һʣֿһ㡣˺ֵ֪ҶСԼһתϵּһ㡣˵ΪҶСҲӦΪ˲ŶԡǸոһϢҶСȴܵһֲƵĸоʾһֺǴ̽һ˵ںΪһʮֲʵĸоҶСΪŵģԼϸռ䵱УȻҲᱻʶ̽ҵôǿʲô̶ȣ
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޳ϡΪ顣ҶСǺ̬ȣҶСҲ׸⡣ҶСһϢǺԭ֮ҲͲȥڴĥʱ⣬ץʱΪʵʡԵģҶСȴȴǰһּȡ
ˣصԼҵУҶСֿʼ

ת˲䣬ҶСһɲʬʱ⡣
ҵĴһҶСһſǧĸ߿մҶСҴŴ򿪵ʱʿ֣ȴֻôһһӰ֮ҶСʧٳֵʱǧ֮⡣òǣҶСγڸ߿֮󣬲ż˶ݹ⣬Աβ׹
ҶСոʩչģԼʱ֮нɲʬīɫȫգʥ̥ȪһȫкͻȻ֮
ҶСոȻ൱ڴ˵ݶ죬ѿ˲֮ҶСͻȻռ֮ľһ㣬һŶͻȻһԳ
ҶСոյȷδʩչκζݷʹõǿԽռ֮ʵָоҶС͸ֻܹʱڴڤع鵽ĴĿռ֮СһԼϸռ䵱аˡȻҶСϸռҲ죬ǴĿռűʲһһʵҶСܹʩչ˷ôʵȻҲʩչġ
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հޱٶʤݵı߾ããɳϿաһݹʱʱ֣ÿһû֣ľ붼а֮ң
һݹ⣬ǳ֮áһֱǱϸҶС񡣴ʱ뿪ϸһʱããɳ֮ʩչԼһֱǱĶ꣬жݷһ㣬˵㾳硣ΪԼ˸ֶͻƿռ֮Ըı䡣ʹҶСжݷﵽ̶ȡڵҶСû֮ʣѾܹﵽ˲ЧڵҶС񣬵ǿԳƵ˲Ϣǧˣ
ֻ½ףҶСȫʩչжݷȻٱǷʿҲԸϵϣȴڵļ󣬲ܳʹá
ҶСеķֱǰʱķǳڵλáѡʱ뿪ϸռ䣬һΪҶСĶɣ˷ʿҶС򲻹Ҳа취һ棬ȴΪһ̲ͣЪУҶСȻϸ۵µžոɾˣҶСȴܹܵԼ׵ȻңԶһ·Ҫߡ
ҶСĽȻ亱У֮ϵҲҵܼ֮ˡԵ벻׵ǣʲôܹݵʱ֮һ˴ΪĪǡҡһ;ӵϻԵҶСҪ֮ࣿ
һֱҶСǴǰʵԼµԡȻѰٶȣҶСҲϲٶȣһᱻԽԽԶǷǳ֮ȻҲеġҪ֪ҶС֮ʱÿһʱΪϵֻ֮Ҫиϸ֮˴кôҶСΪҲڣҲֻһ취ܹлҶС׷ԶԶǰΪˡ
ת֮ȥҶС뿪֮ħ塢ֿʼ֮ʡҶСҲ֪Ƿֵܹסħ֣ѾΪħϽˡȻҶСʵ϶Գ̫ĸ飬ǱϾΪ壬ĵһֲԸܵͷ
ʱʱ䣬ǻط֮ȴֻһ£ҶСѾٶȻص˳ʶɢҵ˵Լ⸽һֱ̽Ϣʿһݹתֱʿȥ
ҶС뿪֮ʾһԼڴ˵һЩó֮ͶʿһҲȥ̽Ϣֻҵɡ

ʱ֮ҶСٶ̡ʿе֪ȻȥǴսȴƺδʲô̫ľƱ仯ħȻڣǵѾɳ˴ʿǰЭȥҲδ˶٣򲻵ݣ廹ڽսǰƽݶѾջˡƺħʿԽԽ࣬ƽٶҲʼ
Ϊ̽ϢʿҲĴ̽ϢԲ޷֪ءħʿ֮죬ħ֮еһ˲޹ϵˣǵҶСͻصߵֹ֮ͨħĴŴЧʼͣЩ꾭ĸĽЧҲʼֻǣԣħļƻ
һҪϢǹڳǹȵġһҶСǹȴ˲Сʧǳħ֪ϢȻǴΪŭƺЩҲ겻굱塢ħ塢֮ȻһֱսȴзھħʿˣϾûеľսʱ̡ǳħȴƫƫ֮һȻڱɱȴһǰˣòսصǹһȥҲָ˶١ɵԼ߽ʿԶս档
ϢҶС˵һĺϢҶС㲻ٳɣٶȼݹ⣬ֱǹȵڷȥ

ǹ⣬ҶСʶ̽һ̽ȻǿķʿϢϢȴЩ˥ģ֮⣬ǹȵеʿƺȵҶС뿪֮ʱҪ˲ٵģתһ룬Ҳǳħ˳սʿȻҪһЩ֮⣬ظֵҩ֮ҲҪǰսϵʿṩĸɡ
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һΣҶСĿֱħҶСܹڵĳħˣôǹȵʿȻҲɢҶСαҲû˸ǰʡ鷳νɽ𻢣ҶСҪɱɽ


 
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ħٶҲ죬ҶСոս뵽ǹ֮ڣԶƺƵһݹֱԼӿԶԶȥһˣͬǧʿ񱼣˿ҷ籩һϯ֮£ҶСϢֵжݷ֮ȴȫˡ
ȻҶСжݷܹӵ֮ٶȣֽݹˣЩ۽֮˵УȻҲᱻ𾪡
̤ЬٴȫѹҶС·ߣŴѰ㻹Ѱ㵹ԼţĪ㻹ΪյѪܹסң
ԶԶģħ㳯ҶСͬʱ֮䣬һӴѹҲֱҶСѹ
ħĪΪ󽵣ҲÆˣǹȣɲģվˣڽһ㣡
ҶСһЦﵱȫûаѳħ֮Եµ˼һ䣬ҶС϶ʱҵһ˲֮ҫĿһʱ䣬ҶСʮɷΧ֮ڶŨҫ۵ǣһӴţͬһųһ㡣ó֮ʣģһ¶ļѾʯһۼ֮µҶСһ棬δսҶСֱֻչĻδ󷨣
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£ħȻ⣬ûһֱҶСҲʩչʲôơȻҶС񿴵óˣȴ˿ڵɵʱ
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ħû˱ǰħԿ֮ʱͳ˴ȴ˿ҶСĽȫӦԡ
ʱҶСŷ֣ԭħʱʩչķһɫᦡͬŨһλûʮɴСĴͷųħʱҲ֮Уֽᦱ״ҲδãӣȻӦҲ԰ѳ֡ȴӰ״ҶСһ֮䣬ҶСȻԼǱеķɽϵȻ࣬Щɽʲôס޷һ㡣ԼҪƶһ£Ϊѡ
ⷨΪᦣħʱΪбΪͼʶҶСӣԲرѡһȻãȷǲɵġΪ֮
һҶСȴҲꡣԭδԼԪӤڵΪܹƾԼһ֮Ȼ׷ڶʿҶСҪģֵܹâһռƲ˳мɡħһʵϵ˺ȻԶԶҶСԤϡ
ڳħԸͷŵɻ齣ķɽ֮ʱҶСȻ뽣콣֮СҲϵڽгǳħȥͬʱҶСȻϸ֮Ŵ򿪡ҶСʩչ齣ıⲢҪ˳ħҪǿڸסζѡʩչĻδҲҪǿΪħӲƴֻҪٶΪϸиѵĲٿأ
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ħһ֮ҶС񣬿ҶСȴûйҪ˼νʱ˺ͣҶСԼΪȻǳħĵ֣ȴҪ֪ҶСϸпһλ龳ǿʿˣǿڴˣҶСǻԼȥɵɵƴŹ֡
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ͬһյ롣ҶСǽħ뵽ʮͷԶ޲µ嵱УˣΪ죬ҶСҪյ龳ʿϸУһɱ
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һγħ뵽ҶС᲼ܹ˺塣һΣͬ벻ҶСὫϡһһҶСȴǷҪزˡľӪĳǹȣҲΪҶСΪĲƷΪҶСϸŵ
ħҲܵҶСʱʩչȫΪʵţҲԸᦾԵѹƣҶСĽ⡣һ˲֮䣬齣еĽѾд뱻ͷŵɡ
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ҶСһᦵɣħѾܵڳħҶСȻֻǸԪӤʿԼȫʩΪ֮Ȼûе͵֮ܡԲŻ᲻һ㱻Լķա⸿ҶСĻ齣ҲɲƣҶСУȻҲѣᱻᦺĹʹ˾ͷ
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ҶСУ뼫ֵ뵽ҶСڡˣҶСʮֿ١Ͼӭӷʿķһ׵飬Ҳҵϸ֮лṩԴԴϵܹԴԴϵĵָ
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ҶСͻȻħҲδõġδüкζ֮ʣ׼õҶСһӰ֣ħġ
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ϸУҶСһصϸ֮еʱǡüûһŴ͵һȥ
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ת˲䣬ʮħֻԪһͷʱֻʮָ漴˳ָ׷׳ųħӶݳȥʮԪȥ
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˴ʱħ֪ǹȵԼȴҲΪһɵ顣ϾΪѾã¶ԡε̰һ˿ΪһĹеġһ仰ȴʱˣѾ֪Ǻõĳħʡ
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˵Ļ£ħٶ˳˼飬иͷᣬһʱֵǡǵȵȾӿ˳һһΪɱ֮ˣҲΪԼһǣ̫࣬˳֮Сħ⡰ħֲǰġ
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˵꣬ҶСҲͷʾӦС
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ħһҧᶨ˵һռȻȳǹȣǱϾһռ䣬պвСΪȫǹȣܹǹȵҵһõĹޣҲԼΪЧһ־
ħҲǿףڵƣǶҲѹҶСôĿԭʦˡܹһסʿ֮ˣΪǺξ磿֮͵ֻǳʤݶҳڶħʱǲϴӦʧҲһ˿ı䡣
ҶСǰһֱΪ⣬ԲʹЩͽһһۡȴû뵽ǽϵħɱҶС񶥶һˣȴûĺô֮Ҫϲٵ鷳˲Ǽ仰һб㶼ټ򵥲⣬ǹ֮ʿһ뵽ڣҶСһ죬ʱӵ˿ƥгɵʵʹһļƻҲࡣ

ҶСϸ򿪣ǳħʱҲվڱԵ׼ȥȻ˵ʹ㿪ʼǹȵʿǽϸ֮ˡ飬ȻҪɳħȥǡ
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ħһЦ˵꣬Щѿ͸ΪǹȹǱ⻹ҪĮпѹ֮Ŀ֮ġֵԼͷϣħ̸̬ҶСһ룬û˵ĻħϾǷʿܹ£ҶСھһ֮ħ·һ㣬ƺȫһˡ˵ĸоȻǰȫͬ

պ󣬳ħȻǹ֮е˽˼ħҲϹ鸽֮⣬˶Ը鸽
߾вˣ˴һԽǵٻءԺǹȵ˱㽻ϣҳħһδ˭ֻĪҪҵˣ
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֪һδ㣿
ҶСҲһ·æµųǹĸʵʿǣתųħһͷӦ󿪿ʵ
û˳ǹȣҲС˴ȥ߾֮ȥһˡ

ղгǹȵʿ½ǹȲŵӣֻϵĵӼһ𣬱ѾʮˡνǿŤĹϲҶСЩԸѡǼɣȥġʿѡ£ЩȥģҲǸһЩԪӤʿˡ
ǳģһЦˣǳǹʿȴδˡҶС񼸴δٻɱǹȵʿɱĿɶЩ߽ʿҶСԸ⻯⣬ҲδԸ仯г޵ġ
ԸɵԪӤʿжʮˣԪӤʿپʮˣԪӤʿ˰ʮˣʿǧŰˣʿˡ
ʵԭӦиʿֻϧһֵУΪħԼԭʹǹĴɵȥǰߵʿһɡҲġ
ܷҩɽǲˡ
ǹ֮ʿͻȻ룬вСӰ졣ЩҲֻܹдպʱţȥıǵ˼άˡ뵱ɸΪҲںһ塣Ȼǹȼʿڶ࣬ͬգȴͬһ
һӶôʿҶСϸռҲһֳСǽЩ˶µ㹻ˣȴҪӵ׽мһ㣬Ҫûôˡȴֻʱ⣬ΪһҶС񽫳ǹӴϸռ䲻֪ҪҲӭжˡ

򣬲ҶСԼȥЩȵȣסеĳǹȵĸ߽ʿˡǼ˳ħ˵Ĺ˳ģڼ˵һͷųеʿ֪ΪѾԶ˷ھ硣ﻹҲ


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ҶСЩҲѾ˲ó֮ˣһ棬һ̫ĵ˿ҶСĺð֡ʿ޷֮£߶ʾǶ˵˼ɹ鼸ûҪҶСȥĵġ

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غܿ죬㻹иָ鷳šҶСʱΪȣοһУֻΪ̵ܹʱȥΪ֮ĲࡣԳħߺĵգҶСѾʼ
ǹȵͬҶСϬ壬һĶƷϼʮһҶСڱ㻹ʣʮʮ֮УһΪӴ֮㲩һжʮһһǰħס֮
ҶСڵĵطһǹȵҲΪ֮ϡνȡ֮⣬ഫǹȵĵһΪ㲩չȻͬڶƷϼͬһ֮ŨҲġȴǹѣŨҲҪͬŨࡣ
һҶСĽ±Ȼһ磬֮ǾƵԽҡǡʱҶСһΪ£һɸոҲһ±ֱ
ҶСһ˫֮ϲʵճҺһΪ֮ʱҶСŻȥ˫΢գ鰴
һʼҶС㽫˼ޣԼȫΪȥ

ƷּΪ㲩ҶСƽҲҪϼʱܹȫҶСҪ֮⣬ҪʱܹиԼգԼΪиӰ졣
ȻҶСͬ뵱Ϭ硢һȫĿȴвͬʱֻܹڸݵʱɣǱյϸǱҶСԼաڣҪڶʱ֮⣬ҶСҪȫ뵽ԼڣԼΪ
ҶСѾҲ뵽ҵľ硣ԭһֱھֻʮԶҲò˰ٶɡǹȻѾɣвĹ鸽֮ˣʱҶСʼʩչ֮ǰ뿪ϸرΪ
ҶСڣԪӤѾɳ˵ҶСĸ߶ȣȥҶСҲԽҶСĲԪӤڲϵĳɳţֻҪԪӤɳҶСһ߶ȣǴҶСȻﵽԪӤڵΪҶСǽֱӷֻΪͬݣֱ塢ΪΪͬתԲصĳӵΪȡﵽҪʱ塢Ҳͬﵽͬ硣
ҶСһεûǰͶʱѹȣҲͶչʼϡٶڿʼʱԪӤһԳɳ˵ҶСĸ߶ȡʱÿÿɳһ֣ҪΪӴ֧֡
Ҳ˵ҶСʱ䣬һʱѾ൱Ѱʱ䣬ҶСԭʱٶȾԶͬʿһʱѾʿˡϣһ֪ôҶС׷ΪʵȻΪĽٻһ֣Զֹڴ˵ġ
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ڵҶСϸеʿȻܵϸ֮ɢȻһ󣬷·տˮȻ˺ǣһ˲˳һĸоеʿǱ㶼ϸǰŨȻȫͬˡҶС񾭹յڰ߳ңϸ֮еҲͻƷƷٽߣƷ磡
֮űҶС񳹵Ȼǰ߳ɣ⵽˺淴û࣬ŻղŽȫһΣҶСüΪףջ˹ʱȻױݽˡЩδ뵽ҶСϸеʿһԶԶļʶҲܵһ˿ϸ΢Ҳеʱմӱ߾һδʶҶСʿ𾪲ѣһǾ̾˰ԵĹѰֻʿʯҲҪƷֲ֧ǣаԵ˲֪˶ڼ֮ͻΪСˣųǹȵ峹ױʿҲʶ˳ǹȵ浱渲ˡ
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屻֮ʣҶСԪӤȻɳĸ߶ȡںļŴעԪӤҲڲϳĳɳš
պ塢һ塢Ʒ屻ɣҶСԪӤڳɳüߡ
պ塢嫷塢ľ屻ϣҶСԪӤٽһۿҪߡ
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ˣƷ߼ʣҶСΪҲڽӽԪӤڴԲ硣ҶСҲҪ˶д˾磬ҲѹѰԪӤʿԲʿ֮Ĳ졭


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˶ݵʱ֮ΪҶСԼҲδһӱӵܹΪҶСԼҲʼ˷ΪΪΪʵһֱԶΪƣǲ޾ܹﵽԲ磬ôʱֱӽ׵ھġ
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ʱҶСҲʼܹܵԼΪ仯ڵͺǿҪһٽһ㣬ʱᷢʱһ㡣ʵԽճľͺǿҪںϳΪʵʶһȻ壬ȴҪͬһȴԴﵽ
ڵҶСǴﵽ˾Ҫǰ״̬һͻƣֱӿԪӤڵľ磬뵽ڣ
ҶСãȻڱǿûʲôرĲͬھҶСһָҲӲĴһһ൱ѰԪӤڽ޵һâˡ
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ΪķҶСĿҲнչˣÿһԼܹȡҲԽȻǱ뵽ϸеȻͬһġҶСԼյϸе֮һΪ֮յҲȴҲֻ֮Ĳ㼶ѡΪĳɳҲѾզˡ
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ԪӤɢӰӰԪӤ֮ϵҲһ˲ҶСԪӤ֮ͻȻֶһϵȻԪӤҲȫҶСĿƣȴڲٿؿһڣҶСıԪӤȻ޷ȥ֡ҶСıԪӤһϵ֮ԪҲ˱仯ԭԪҶСı嵱УҲѾԪӤС
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ҶС׷ڵ׽ٵһ׾Ѿ£ֱҶСĽȥ

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ټȱΪ٣ǰȫ֮ͬڣҶС׽Ȼֻǵһ£һʵȴоŵɣŵΧһȦмʮɵһԲһͬ£ŵͬʱǶɽ֮˵ϡ޴ɶ㣬޴ɱܣ޴ɷˣ⻹ֻǵһ׽١ںÿһǾűűķڵڶ׽µʱǾŵףÿһ׵ƶǴǰһľ̽һһ
˷ڵĴ٣ֻᱻΪǾž١ھоŵž֮ʿŻ׵ھ硣ҶСԪӤ뱾֮һ࣬Ż᳹ױֲ
ʿܹڶɽֱ֮ӷֻԪ񣬹ǲʱʱ䣬൱պǧĿޣҪĿʹΣҲͬԵȵġ
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ҶСܹף˺ҾǾֱӺϣǿҲѰʿǿǧ򱶡
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ʯ𾪵ģҶСһޣȻɽ֮ʽеĽסԼһɽһȥֵסԼȥЩ֮
ڣʯ˼ʶҶСǿԵĶɽ֮ԼҲò𾪡ҲȻ֪δܹҶСɱԪӤڣڴﵽ˷ڣһɽٳɹԼʣµɶǺȴҲûбİ취֪ԼڡΪŰȴҲòΪ˱סԼɽ١
ʱҶСȻǷĲٿؽУȫɽ٣ʯҲֵɵľ֮һҶС񵹻׬˲١ʯ˰æֵֵҶСԼѹСˣԸĽˡҪ֪ҶС˿Խ׻Ϊãľ֮⣬ڴҶС

ʱٱѾ˵סʱľѾ֮ǰǿ˲֪ٱǵڶ׽ٱǵһľűǰʮһǵѾǵһ׵ǧ౶
ǰ׽ҶСǼȫûκѹԼеûֱֵڣ׽ٵ̫ǿҲòʯ˵ˡԵģҶСһʼԼĲľ֮뽣УʯΪԼΣ㲻òȥĵˡһʱҶСѹʯȻҲǱǣÿ಻ԡҲδ뵽ҶСȻʱҶСȻǲϷһ㽣һֱʯġо£Ҳ޷һֱȫȫͻƽһǱҶСӲİԼ˩һ𣬳һϵơ
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ͬǣҶСϸÿÿһ֮ϸᷢһη츲صı仯ҶСϸУȻľĸ߶ȲδΪɽٶ̫ı仯ϸռ֮еķΧȴڴšһ棬仯ҲľϸеҶС׽ٵϴ֮Ҳڷű仯һ֮⣬ھңԶ֮ҲʼγһֻЩǸոƷʮֵͶѡ

ʱ֮ҶСӭ˵ھŵסÿһ׶ǰľűէ֮Ҳû̫šϸϸھŵףѾǵһ;׵ǧǧ߰ٶʮһ
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ΪĻδ󷨵ĸɽٷû̫ΣյҶС񻹺áǱҶСʯȴôˡҶСȻľ֮ԼֵЩ޷ܵȴɢˡ


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ҶСΧɷΧ֮ڣѾ˵ھŵ׵֮Сÿһɲ֪Ƕٹɾ̽һɵ׶мɴϸΧһСһ໥ײըһһ졭

һ׽ٵĳ¾ףҶСʩչĻδҲڿҪ޷֧ţʹҶСϵһööۼ׿ʼ˻ȥع鵽˱Ľɫ
ʱʯ˻ȥ۲ҶСĻᷢҶСͻȻһ˿˿ĵһŵģЩһ˿˿ĵԽԽ࣬̽һԲ˿֪һ㣬ܿҶСҪλһ㱡ɫ¡ǵʱڿʼ˵ڶתһ㣬סֻǵڶתĵһ㣬ֻܹһڼ׶ѡܹΪסˣҲġȻķҲѾȣȻ˷ڣҶСٿҲ֮ǰ˼Ĳ
һ׵ڿʼɢҶСĶɽҲβۿҪʱҶСҲʼϸ֮еĴԼڡϸ֮ۻЩȻ࣬ЩϾϸ֮ϸҲҶСһ֣ΪһĿռҲı䲻ʵҶСֻҪԸ⣬ȻǿԴаһЩġֻЩףҪϸٽ䲹ȥҪø
ҶСҪģҪ׽ٽ֮ǰܵĴȫϣͬʱΪһԼڷڵѾ硣
Ϊ׽δҶСԪڽŷֻԪֻľʹҲڳСҶСȴȻЩϰߣϾʱֻܹԪĿҲˡ
ΪҶСԪ̫ǿ󣬻֮Բ㹻ǿҶСڼȫһ׽٣ԪȴֻֻѡǡԼһΪҪ׵ڣҲҶС׷˼ȻǰڵһλġȻԻɣһԪȴҶСֻȥģ۵ʲôʱֻҪҶСԸ⣬һԽջصġҲûа취ʵǻɣҲòܵҶСơ

ڣ׽ٵһ˿֮ҪɢȥʱҶСȴȻ˱ɽƷ̥ΪոѾ׽ٻɢҶСǻָΪʱҲ޷ʹýġҲʹԽȻƲıɽ
ҶСȷǲδ÷ɽշУֳֽһҵɫ档һӰԭʧʹԭٲҲͻȻת˸ӣҶСеķ˹ȥҶС˲ƵĿĵأȻͱƺ˵ʯˣ
Ѱʿڸոս֮ȻΪȴΪոս׶顣ҶСѾ̫ĲһһһϸҶС೬Ĳ֮ͬ
ڣΪҪֵҶСɽľ֮˴Ҫ˼˸ʯ˾δ뵽ڿǷҪҶСոս׷񣬾ͽסʱҶСȻͻȻԭʧˡһոѾʶԲҲ֪ҶСǳʲôĿġ
ʿٶ죬ҶСʧͬʱʯѾ˺ƵĶݹ⣬ȥĶݹǱҶСڵжݷҲҪ磬ﻹù˲ơ
ҶСһһ֣ʯ˵˲ƵλþȻǸո׼Ӷݵʯֻа벽֮ңûκεĻڶҶСֻֻצɫʯ˵ĺץȥҶСִʱϵ̽˳ȥһֻɵצΣҶСƻδ׽ʯ˵ĺģɵƱлʯˡ
ҶСֵͻȻʯ˴ǰΪȻδˣڵȴǼǱҶС˼ǧ׵˷ڣҲƾĵطôظġԾһ£α㲻һ͡
ǳʯһ֮ʣҶСٶȸһ±ʵʵĻʯ˺ġҴʱҶСצƣһ£һ½ָָץʯ˵УҪӶҲ޷ͽεĹ̶
ͬʱֽҲڴʱնұƽ̧ͨڡصƷ̥ƽ٣漴㱻ҶСֱֱ˴Ƕʯ˵ıȥ
ʯ˴ʱܣҲѾҲ벻ԼȻôͿľҶСĵһת۵Ĺ뵽ΣվءȴҲݵȥ룬˲ȼһֱһĹѾȼյʢˡ


һһ 
ҶСצҲ֪ʲôħȻһץס·ͱһŬֵҲ޷
ʿϾͬѰҶСķɽնۿҪʯ֮ʱʯ˾ȻӲĶϵ˱ĴһϾҲ˷񾳽磬򲻵֮ʵı֮Σ֮ʣȻϵ˱һ֮ºȻһɱѵ֮һɱըһĿֱҶСȥ֮ͣҶС׵˷ھ磬Ҳò˱ܡոմ˴ĳҲֻнһҴʯ˵С
ٿʯˣһɱը֮ӰӦ˲ȥ˰⡣ոһµĶ٣ȻϵҶС˲ƶˡ
һ£ʯЩѾõ˵һűʿͽ׵ʱʱõǵ˾Ը֮󷴶޷֮ļʿ⣬ʿܹʹˡҪԭȴЧòѣʵȴΪ߽׵ƵʱĲһЩҪѣʹôƣԽǸ߽׵ģʹõĴԽ١ЩҶСʹʿҲ֮١
һΣȴ֪ʯʲôȻһ˲֮䱬ǿҶС⣬˲ݳ֮ңԶ
ҶСԱɵľ룬Žһҵıը֮忪ʶУѾڰ֮ʯȻϧԼһʼԶԶķɶ˳ȥңԶ֮ǿϢȻϢһֱţҶСȴܹĸܵǵĴڡ
һҶСס˳ħʱʵѾϸʩչ˲һѾǼΪðգһҶСδ֮ʣԼոսףԱԼʵʯƷȴδ뵽˰Եķһ˲ҶСǰ
ԷѾ룬ȻҶС׷ϣϾոսףΪδʵ˾սԶǿϢòҲ֪ǲɺͶ֮ˡǱҶСҲò
ҶСȴҲֻҪΪܱؽԶͬʿ
˷ڣ統ҲѾǶĴڡҶСԼ뵽ԼչʮмΣÿһҲΪʵ˲˶١ڣڶ̶̵ļ֮Уһٿһ
ҶСԼЩţʿǾ͸ӲˡڣʶҶСƽȹǷڲпֵܵ׽٣ǹȵʿǲԸҶСͷ¡ǵǷʿҶСͬҲǷڣȻҲίˡҳǹȵʿȻ֪ϸڣǳħٱ֮Զ˵ģҪǼ뵽ڣвڳǹȵ

ҶСһɰɫ̣ϵһƤⱻһƾŵҶСֱʩչһƤ⳹ˡʯȻҲǷʿ֮ȴ̫һ뵽ҶСҲʲôá
ʯ˶ߣҶСҲȥ׷ֱӷ˳ǹʣµһƷϼķϡҶСҪΪҲҪȥչ֮ࡣһƷϼҶСΪ㹻ˡ
ҶСոսʱ򣬾ȻܵһϢһһģݹϢֻһΣΪҶС񲢷ϸУԱһλҪԡ
ҶС֪Լ׵˷ڣǷӦҶСȴĸܵһݹϢƺһҲ⴫ݹѶϢֻΪΪбرϵҶСܵ˶ѡΪһεĸܵУҶСֻ֪ΪѣȴѶϢһΣȻδףֻǷڣҶСӸոյѶϢȴĸܵһεΪԲָоǶͻȻΪͻͽһΣҶСȻŲСĲ࣬ҶСԼոȴ뼸ͬʱ֮䣬Զǧ֮ңҲн֪˶໥ƴţνڰ
ҶС񲢲֪ʵġСɵʱԶǧ֮ңܵ𺳸ԡܹǧҶСϸռ䵱ҲܹѰƾ޵Ϲ˵ܹΪҶСƳ࣬ӵѰʿ֮ҶСͬȵõĸȻҲˡΪ޹ĲͬپҶСҪࡣ
ƺڴ̼ҶСһ㣬ҶСոս׵˷ڣҲϴнͬһͬһ㡣
һһٽ׵֮ʣɢһϢ֮еĲƣҶСбֳһתҶС㽫ѹĵףȥ롣ͷʱȥ룬ӰʿĽ˶ʿľҲӰ졣ҶСֻҪ֪ԼҪھ̵ʱھΪѾ㹻
һҶСľӽ׺һ֮ƽ֮󣬱ٶʩչʼһƷϼķ壡
ķҶСʵȥΪһɽ֮ɽ屳棬һɽ˰ߣǱ˵İ¶ɽʯ㱻ɽһǧɵĵܡһɽ嵱ҶСǹ֮ҲΨһһһֱɽػŵɽ壬оҶСҲԿ̽ǵֱ˽ƣһβûзֱ˳ǹȣһķʱ򣬲ŷһ޴󵽾λ֮ϳȥֻüƺ˵ĵ
ǹɲ֪꣬Щ֮ҲֻһӴĵҶС񻹲ر⣬ΪҪǣӴݣоŷΨһǲһ֣ȴҲĿ֮ϣǵֳ֮ʺ̬˵չֳģȴǵİ˺ǲڵļ֣
һ֪ӵ֮ˣ̵ܹ
һ񣬼ϳħǰ˵ĶԻ㲻Ѳ²пܾĸף

Ȼ²⣬ҶСȴûʱȥѯʡڸոսףҪΪءҶСϸУֻϾ֮ʱȥ˵
ȻЩδѯʹԼĸ֮£ҶСȴһֱǵöʱ֮ʣκԼĸȻӲ֪Լĸĸʲôˡ


һ ڽ
ҶСΪ׵˷ڣʩչٶҲǰ˼ĲȻٶȲδ̫࣬ҶСܹյȴռ˸ı֮һôѾﵽǧ֮һĳ̶ȡһУҶСԼֱӵҲ͸ࡣ
ҶСʱϸҲڷű仯б仯ΪԵģһڻ˫ۣѹҶСͨһѹ֪ҶСȻɽٳɹԼҲڲܵϸƣպֻҪԸ⣬֮䶼ΣٱҶСˡ
ͻȻ˾Υɣȴ֪ЩԼʲôáΪЩȻϰҶСϸУһͬͬʹࡣԼ統޾£ƺҶСһ̶ľ˿̹ģĶǣң֪ԼȻɥʧϷƾڡ򣬶졢ء˵ԼǴ⣬Լ컯ؽʤ꣡
Υ˵òЩһ㣬һֱڴŵЩʵĸоһ룬ƺǰҲδʲô΢΢棬ǻʲôһٶȻعƽ֮ʱȴѾ˫ۣһ
ҶСԪոշֻʱ򣬱Ѿֻҽ˾Ҫ൱ڿӵȫԪһȫԼеĹϸеŨЩʿܲؽ°빦ġպܻҶСĳɳӿ١
Ȼ仯Сȴʲô̫ĶһߣȴǱ仯޴
ΪҶСǩԼЩһֱŬָ崴ˡʱǻָһЩҶСһΣգʩչĻδ󷨱ĺڲٵȻҶСϸָĲδ̫졣Ȼ˵˽ǣ˸ĴˣҶСָӻġҲǿྡˡΪҶСڽ׵˷ھ磬ΪѾﵽ뺮ͬһ磬ʱҶСոս׵һ̣ڱҲõĪĺô
ʱڵѾָ˱СһӴ֮ƽز뿪ϸеʿδ֪ͻȻ֣һ֪׳ʮɣ͸Ϊţһֱӷɵϸĸ߿֮УһʱϸϿգеʿһգͬ˵еһȻ̧ȥڱƬգͷβٿһۼ׶ʯһ㡣ʱ֪ΪΣɢĹԾһʥĸо
ΪģǺڲöҫտɫͬʯһԵۼףźΪǳۼסǰѾָöǳۼףںڵĲһ±öǳۼ۳εģ
һΣҶСϸоȻʼѩЩѩȴǴӺɢƺǺڴʱڷž޴ı仯ÿÿһڶǵļȻ۳ΣӳɢĽ׹ԣƮͬλõͯһ㣬ˡ
ʱҲڵ仯뿪ҳۿҫѩƮ䣬ȥһƬƬһƮɵѩֻģһ
ڷھ֮ʱֻƬǳۼףȴһƬһȫᣬЩĴҲָֻҪպٶȻָյľˡ
ЩȻˣǱϾΪǷڣΪԵ΢ҶСǩԼȻǴϳȡҶСϡڣҶСΪͬ׵ĴڣҲһδҶСֱӻ˺ô

ҶСһν֮δüΪ˷仯һֱڲϵСڣھ̵ʱڽǹȵɣֱӻع鵽ϸбչһʱ䡣ԳͻͽΪͬʱǱһԼļó֮ʱҪʽʼֳ༸ɣҶСһηʯˣҲ˺Ƥʯ˻صڣȻἯеһ͵ħ֣һҲŷӵĶԸҶС
ҶСΪԼϸռ䣬Զħʵ⡣Ǳ߾ȥʹڰʿ͵ǿܵ˺ܲġҶСҪϸУǳǹȱħռʱһһƬѰأûһ˿ħΣ

ת֮ǹȵһƷ߼ķȻҶС㿪ʼȫĵͶ뵽СǹȵĶƷ߼ֻôʮǸࡣƷмʮƷ¼һپʮƷ͸֮ࡣ
ҶСѾ׵˷ڣȻǰٶЩȫɣҲҪøһصġҶСϰ˷ڵΪ֮ٶҲʼ
׵˷֮ҶСԪӤȻȫںΪһ˵ںΪһʵҲ˵ԪӤȻɢǵԪӤҶСֱӴСҲˣڷھ磬ʿΪ޵ĹܵӰ졣ΪΪʿҪΪѾʼ塢ͬҪԽԽߡδŵĻʱ˷ڣȻܵϴӰ졣
ԪӤԪı仯⣬һҶСڽ뵽˷ԺǴ֮ġҲٽһ㡣ΪʿΪȻȻĸӽӽʱҶСҲȻȻһȻٶҲ
ʯ˲ǰձҶСˣȻֻһצץУɽ˴ȡҪ֪ҶСΪǿ濴ֻץһƬƤ⣬һצ֮뵽ʯϲƵʯڵɾ͸ΪءǷɽѾ뵽УϵıȻҲɲ͵ˡҶСʯȻ޼ԼʱڶǲҲ硣
ҪǵģҶСҲֻǻ˼ʯ˻ԼһͬԼҶСڸոսףЩ׷ϼһ̫һЩܹʯʵҲԿȻ˭ʤ˭˵ġֹԼҶС˼ɵġ


һ ɳ
Ϊ˼ɣҶСҪ֮ǰǹϡ뵽ϸ֮бչ

ҶСһҪʱǼʱղȣʱ̣˺һֻҪһʱֻҪʱһֱҶСڿͬʱϽļһʱȥͬʱ
ҶС񼸺ûûҹУʮƷмһپʮƷ¼ϸ֮Ʒÿݽ
ڣҶС׵˷ںĸʱ䣬ҶСڽǹȵɣ֪ǷҶСʯ˵㹻أʯ˾Ȼ֮öδѰǲҶСҲȥǡڶΪ㹻̣Ҳﵽ˷ھ֮ҶСȥһٽȫʰ
һգҶСڳУڵΪҲڷٵֻڵ˷ڣΪҪ͸ΪӴѾһҶСֱգΪҲֻܹܵһϸ΢ı仯ҲˣķʿŻǧ꣬ΪĲˡĴ֮ҲŻᶼǷھ硣
֮У֮ʵѾԼΪʿˡһ㣬ҲҶС˵֪ģ統УǷʿѾû̫ʿҲʣ¼ݵļ֮лôǵļλѡԼҲѾԼ֪Ψһһ龳ʿˡȻЩھԼٵĶռ֮еʿǲڴеġ

ҶС񽫳ǹȵȫ󣬱ֱӼжݷֱԶȥһֱɵ˰򣬲ͣЪϸţԼС
ҶС˳ǹȣʯˣȻδļΪУҶСӱΪУֺγ˼ļɶڴæĳ˴ʿصԼԷҶСͻȻϮ
֮ڧʵȴħ
ʿЩǰ֧ԮʿȻ͸ӲˡԾǶ̶̵ǰȡһȻȫɥҲٶȻصħˣڻѾ˾Ҫ뵽ķΧ
ʵЩʿΪԼ֮أҪȫػġ
ЩҶСȴ޷ȥܣҲûбҪȥܵġϾҪػĶѾԼػúúõģ˵ĶȻбԼȥػˡ
һصϸУҶСֱҵΪҶС˷ھ磬ϾҲѾȫϣоĹ
ѾҶСãҶСδڣѾоҶС
оǺ˷ھ硢ھԼھĹҶСõϾʱڰѷڵȫңɼľ磬ھҲﵽʱֻǷڣǽ𵤡ԪӤھҶСҲңɼġ
ڣҶСȻǱʿڷڶԴﵽĿ꣬ȴ龳Ǻ徳統ңɼĿꡣΪֻҪܹôΪڶʱڴһʱ൱Ѱͬʿޣٶȣʲôľ޷ﵽ
οҶСиһͻͽ֡Ҳ֪ʲôĹȻܹԽҶСΪڽ׷ھʱֱӿԽ˷ڣֱӴﵽ˷ھ硣統зڵʿѾ࣬ڵʿǷжѽȴѾһ硣統УĵˡҶСֻǷھ磬Ѱ֮Ĳؽٶ
ʵ߷壬յʱ򣬱˻ڵУҶСѾԹ˵ķɱֱյȥˡһУܹΪֵģҲֻˡҶСǰģֻҪҶС˴αչؽܿҲᱻҶСԽ
ڱչ֮ǰҶС㽫ԼıɽƷ̥˵С˳ǹȣڣƷ̥ŵرȻһЩҶС㽫ܹ֮ﾡȡ˰ɽԭƷ̥ѾӽƷɽľ磬پﵽƷɽľҲǰ϶顣
һ棬ҶС񻹴ӳǹеõʮƷɽЩҲѼһ뽣С
ڱչڼܹﵽʲôֱպ˵

ڱչ֮ǰҶСмҪĸ֮ҶСصϸ֮ǰ˱Ѿ֪ʡȥҶСһ鷳Ȼ֪δʲôı仯Ҳδʵθ֪ҶС񣬵ҶС֪ԼȻ֪Ѿ㹻ˡ
ҶСڱΪں飬ľ·Ŀܡ
ЩҶСһֱδʹùȻҶСһΪãսҲƽЩҶСȴδÿһʱ䣬ԼѼ˵ʶ֮дһƼΪϸ΢ĲԪ
ЩУ֮вݰһƲԪѾʶΪɵٶȻΪҲδɳĶô׳󡣲ˣǰЩ䣬ҶС˲ٵϻ꾧˲֮еݰԪɵٶȼӿһЩЩϻ꾧ǵҶС˿õϻ꾧֮ʱ˿õһ֡
ҶСڲǽ׵˷ڣϰˡϰĲֳ˶ϸռĿ֮⣬ȵҲ⡣
ڣҶСԼϰġʹݰĲԪܹʶճɳ

˴ҶС׷ڳɹ֮˳ǹȵߵƷϸķΧѾ㸲ľ·Ϊ㲩һҲѾ˶Ʒм硣Զ֮޷֮ҲѾһϸСʹϸǵŨֻЩƷԵһЩˡ
ҶСһصϸУϸ֮е˴к֮󣬱бչչصͬʱϸ֮е˲ʲôǣҲ׷æԼ顣ҶС˸Уʿȴûôˡ̳֮޹ƺ̫չأֻƾԵΪҲæɵĹ档ѾԪӤΪѾԪϣҶСϵͬѰƽٲȻһļơ


һ ͼı
ڵʿΪԽԽߣԪӤڵľв٣˵Ȼֻн𵤺ڵ⳾ԶɽҲѾʤλˡҶСȻδ˵ȴѾĬ̳֮λá
̳֮޵޹Ҳر𣬱ҪȻԼƽʱ˲Щ֣ڹɴȴû˿Ѱʿ֮ͬѰʿֻǽŶһȴͨȥ
˳ǹȣ仯δ̫һЩҪһĹҪһĹҪ

ҶСոձչûжõʱϸȴַһСС⡣⣬ǵҶСµʮͷԶ֮һҲͷҶСΪһΪߵĲԶͻ˽Ƶƣɡ
ҶСйԼһǻɣȥܵԼһԼɣͬȴȻšԵҲδԼҪȥֻͬһҶСϸҲ֪ǴĲԶ޶һһͬȥҲϲҶСϸռ䡣ϾٶҲƽҪһҡճӦҪһʮܹͻƣǰﵽϸЧ

һҶСδչ̫ãֻǰ֮ҶС뿪ң˳
֮䣬ҶСֻϰоԹԼǹڶԼΪҶС׺µĵҲڲɢҩȻֻǶ̶µʱ䣬ڷʿԪ˵һ˲һĴڡҶСΪȴ˴
ڳ׹˷Ϊҽȫ֮ҶСΪھѾڵʱӶ˵ʯˡĻᣬҶСžʯǿķҲٿܹӳԼġ
ҶС񲻽µʮƷɽ뵽˻齣֮У佣֮еķɽҲΪΪĴ𸴽һ˾ʮűķɽƷɽ
Ͼǹ֮л꣬ԲʹҶСеķɽܹһƷס
ҶСƷ̥ʱҲڱ˴ӳǹлõŵرʹƷڴﵽ˶Ʒ½׾硣ֻǽ̥ƣ治֪һΪɽǺεȾ磡
ֽҶСƾ䱾ɽ뽣ƣȻӦɵķʿΨһģԪȻ̫٣Ƿѳѡ˵ҶСΪһν׵˷ڣԪֻҲʮϣ仯ΪӰ졣ȴҶСҲ̫Ӱ죬ҪģΪҶСƾֻҪ֮еһΪؽٶȴʱ˵ҶСǱıչأΪ
Ҫ֪ҶСĿȴֻҪ׷Ϊĵ׻һֱѹһ£ڵȥ
Ǳħ嵱УҶԨɱӹšҶСѾ֪ӹħ֮ѾǷΪҲǷڻ߸ߵΪȻΪħ˵ʿΪͬħΪһǻѰķʿǿ٣ӹܹħ빱Ǻħӹսǲ빵ġҶСҪϾȳҶԨҲҪﵽڲС
ǹȵʿȻͶҶС뵽ϸУָ̳֮ʿɣҶСġδ죬ҶСҲʱɵֻչ
ҶСһʮĸʿڳǹУȻòȥ߸ǹȡҶСȴδǱ¶ֻɱأڰӰĳǹʿǣʹܹϿɣԼڵݣɵԼĹ֮ء
ҶСһ뿪ң˿˵Լļƻͣ뿪ϸŶݹֱųĴ֮һĶȥ
Ĵɵʣµɣɡڡ֮ҶСҪǻܣͬʱȡǹΪ˵˳ħԼ˳ǹȣȻôշǹȵڶˡԵʱҪշе˱Զûס
ҶСȻ뿪ϸң֮ȴһˡڵأѰʿһš⡰ˡǿȻʱ䲻࣬ҶСȴӵ˷ھ磬ʶĲٿǰʵĸı䣬϶ڡϰҲʹҶСȻݰµһƲԪܹЩʶֳͬʿһҶСƾԼĿ֮ٿϸݰһƲԪ

׵˷ڣҶСĶԪӤ֮ʱٶȴҶСѡĵһĿ궫ʯĲˡʱʯѾȫ׼׼ӭҶСĹҶСΪ˳䲻⣬ѡȹǲˣ
ɵ˴ʿǿɷ֮ʣΪ˱ʿķЩħ塢ڶ̶̵ļ֮ڣͦҲѾ˾ɵĲԶ֮
Ȼƽɵķ֮˼ʶҶСλʯˣνǹ֪ҲòӲͷƤʿԼҲع鵽Լɵػɡ

ҶСһ˶⣬˶ӴĻɴⶫȷѹСΪĻɴȻֻ˶֮һķΧʣΧ֮ЩƷǵķΧȻֻǱһܱĻɽػš
ΣϢҶСֱĻɴȥԪӤ֮ʱֻܹ뵽ǹȵĻɴ֮УȻǷھ磬ǶĻɴǿҲ޷ֵʴ
ҶСΣֻһ֮䣬˶Ļɴ⡣ҶСΪ֮·ЩƷȻػĲʿȴ˿֪
ҶСָȻֳһɫ⣬һȼҶСһһ֮ҶСҲһ²档ʹҶС˶һˡ
һҶСǻɴһĴС
ⶫȻ׼⻤ɽ֮Ӵ󣬾ֻǼ򵥵ĽѣоԻʿԼιЩѾǷΪҶСȴѾû̫ʵʵ壬ֻҶСķһЩʱѡ


һ 
ҶȻռ˳ǹȣĪǻ֪㣿ⲻ֪̰Ĳ֮
ҶСһͻ˶Ļɴ󣬽УԶԶһò£Ҳ֪˶ǲˡҶСͻƻɴ֮ʱǱˡȻδ£ǲ˵ȻԶ˲Ϣ֮䣬˾ҶСֻа֮ңԶԶĶҶСȵ˵֮䣬ȻһΪ˼¡ܹ׵ڣ֧ŶһɳΪĴ֮һһҲƽ˳߹ʱ鷳ǰȴҲܣֱӦԡ
Ǻǣˣԣ¼Ȼˣһս޷⣡ղ༸λǰҶС֮ʱӦ뵽нգ
ҶСɳƣ˲֮ԣ䲻ȵĻص
ߣոս׷񾳽һ󱲣˿Ҳ֪սʤǳħȡóǹȡĪҪҶǹȣҲĪҪҲƵǳħ
ҶСŵһȻӶΪ֮˼˲Ѳ˷Ҳɵ÷ŭһսɱ⣬ҲͲȥ˿Ŀ
ҪսսҶСҲϻ˵Ļδ䣬ҶСͻȻЦ˵½վһ²˵ֶΣ༸λڵѾĪҪˣԺԻŰݷã
ҶС˵֮ʣȻ˫ʮָ˲ɳǽÿһʮɳЩķǴڲԶɽ塣
СӸҶ
һͬʱҲ˼⣬ҪҶСĽ⡣ĽոûʱҶСĽȻҶСĹͣҲòۿҶСĽɽ塣
ҶСȻƽ޹ʵĹĳɽ壬Ѱɽ岽Ҳ˽šˣΪɽ֮ǡзֱӵ򡢲ɺڵĴͷ󡣸ովҶС֮ʱʿͨɰȱЩȱʹкֻҪһ֪ͨˣʱԮȴͨ籨ŵʿոռ˴ͷ׼뿪ȴͬʱҶС֣ǿĽ⽫ͷͬɽͷһͬݻˡ
Ҫ֪ҶСķٳɳԼ˳ǹȵѾʤݵĸɶӡ֮ˣѾǧ궼ٵĴôҪ֪ʿĸûʿҲͲܹö֮Ҳ֮ġڣҶСԼȻ֪Ѿ統еĸɵǲħ塢ǿڸɵĸ߲֮䣬ѾһĬֻҪһҶСټἯƷ
ν޺ģ⡣ڱˣҶСԳĴĴߺޣΪǹһͬıҪءЩȴڼʶҶСͻȻ֮𣬼ʶǿǱԼЩĴҲ˿ӹ˼֮һҲɵй˼ɣ֮Ψͷ󻼡
ת˲䣬ҶСǲսһš
ҶСԭǶͬʿ޵о硣Ȼ׵˷ڣֲòСƾŸոս׺оʮűɽиʮƷɽĻ齣Խͬǽ޵Ĳѹơ
˵Ҳǡɣⲽ˾Ҳһ֣ʩչ˽󡣶Ľ֮зɽ֮࣬ɽһʮҶСʮ߱ɽ佣֮ϵѾڵΪ
Ȼƣɽȴǵȡʤⲽ˵ĽһҲͬҶСһû콣⣬ÿһⶼʮɳƵһ㣬ͬһ㣬ֱҶС
δ棬ֻʶһ̽Խͬǳ񼸷ֵҶС㲻ɵԳһЦݡԵģǲ˵ȴֳһֳݡ
Ϊ˫Ľ󶼼֮ʣ˱Ѿ͸˶ԷʵȻȥ˫ûķɽΪӴ󣬲˵ҪʤһҶСĽ֮Щûķɽɶʵ彣âֻǴͽƭֵӰʵʵӵгǿƻķɽǲ˵콣⵱УҲǱеһʮʵѣеĽⶼûʲôƻӰѡ
Ľ˱ܹӦЩӰҲ˼ɵڣҶСĻ齣ЩӰﵲסҶСʵ彣âĺɱ
Ի齣벽˵ĽһӴǲ˵ĽͬεĽһ㣬âʧЩĻƣʵʵڼ±޷֧ţһƣ׷ɢ
ǵһν棬˫㶼ʩչ˲׵սܿ죬·ЩʿǱ㿴ǿԶǸ߸ϲַĸ˾Ȼ䵽·硣սһܵĽҲ˸ơ
ҶСոһʹŽҪһ֮ʱȴȻ·дԪӤ缯ᡣʶ΢һ̽㷢ЩʿǽޣΪԪӤСڲȣеʿʩչͬĹʹһ޶ķɽʿʮı
һЩʿᣬҶСµǵĿġÿҶСҲѾ֪ӦǶһֲͬɵ⹦ϻ֮󲢷ǲ֮ǰƸѾڣֻʱֻǸǿɣڲ˵б׳ѡܹڲ׳ϻ֮޹ϵڲ˻ֻн𵤾ʱ򣬱ֳ˼ǿǱǱжµϹŽϻܹ֮ôʿͷŵķɽͬһʩչศɶ໥ͻǼ֮¡Ĺףǽⱻĺϻ֮ٶȷʹöһ챦ɱħǸֱӵ֮ʣܹʹһǿˡ
ҶСŹϻ֮ԪӤʿʩչ˶ڷʿҲвСвǰرЩͨϻ֮ʿѾ˱߾֮ȴǾڶСⶫҲ׼ˡ
伯ᣬҶС񲢲Ǻϻ֮ʩչ±ݹ⣬󽫻齣еĽٵֱ·նȥ
ɾҶСĽ⻹δɵ֮ʱȴȻ·ʿһ֮ټ·ٶʿͬʱʩչǺϻ֮ʱЩɽ۵һ䱳һͷ޵ӰӰѾʮʵҪʵһ㡣һХ


һ ϻ֮
ڱХδ֮ʣĽ·ɳ׷ֱҶСնҶСЩ⾹һ֮䣬ֻǱıը죬һҫ۵ľ޴֮󣬱ˡ
ϻ֮һ֮УҶСĹٶ齣⾹֡
תۼ䣬ЩֱҶСնҶСϾԵǷʿһսΪǿĽޣҲܹ̫˼ڱĵط
ʵҶСʩչĻδȻܹٶѹ·ĺϻ֮ԼˡںڸոջָһЩΪöǳۼ׸ոγɻδȹ̣ҶС񲢲Ϊһʱսȥ̫ΪܵӰ졣
룬Щ·ĽѾҶСҲżҲٻػ齣ʹݺݵѹŲˡԼֻǼ˻⣬ʹûⷶΧſȥֵЩԼķɽ
Ǻϻ֮ĹȻҶСĻ⣬Ȼķɽϻ֮£һơܿ죬Ϊô򵥵ֵĶʿǱʧˡΪЩɽδٶȼһֵʱ򣬾ͼҶС񱳺ƮŵȻչ˿ġЩǲٿصķɽϻɵķֻǱһŵѡңһŵ֮֮ԼķɽϺȻһ󱻵ľСٿǵķɽ棬Ȼڲ֪ʲôʱ򣬲һϸСߣŷɽϵ
ЩǵıɽʱҲͬͬһ㡣
ҶСԶͬʱ۵֮Щ
·ʿʵ̫һЩҶС񼸺һ֮ڶԿԪӤھӢʿһǾ˺ϻ֮ǿڵһ֮󣬽űиķɽ繥ȥ
·ʿһʩչϻ֮ƴű練׵֮࣬ҲһĳҶС
ͬʱҶСĻ齣ȴδ˿ҶСעǿһ֡ͬʱ˼һͬɫʶҲ뵽˷ɽСʹǻ齣еÿһɽ·ӵһɫӰһ㡣ҶСĻ齣вıѸǿ֣ʶҲǿࡣ
һֱƣҲǾȫֻԼķɽ̽ѡȫʩΪ·Ķʿʩչĺϻ֮ҶС֮ʱȴȻԼܵĹͻȻҶСĽ󹥻о֪ΪλǿҵʶѾǷԪޱǿ󣬿ȴҪȥֵЩʶȻԪɾͲֹǾʹֹǻ˲ˡһȫʩΪδܹҶСʩѹֻܹǿסֵҶСĹѡ·ʿʩչϻ֮ϣȫʩΪȴһıҶСĻ齣Χ
⽣ӭлãǵֵ˴˱ܣһУ֮ɾϼˡ
ڣڲۿҪֲסҶСոս׺Ļ齣ǿۿҪڽ֮ʱҶСҲڿʼԳһ˿˿ѷ촦һĵⲻžĵ졣ڣھҪܲסʱƵˡ
·ʿһԼĹЧּԼĸƣƴֹۣһð֮ǰøӱѵ֮ɣҲƴŷɽ粻Ϻȥ
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ڽܲסɽĺһŵɢȥ籾֮һͬ۳ͣͻȻƣֻһŵ
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ǲӦģҶСһᱡ£Щɢ£֮۳¡ΪǿĻܣ֮ķҲǿ·ڶʿǲŻ᲻ɵþ
·ĺϻ֮һҶСǽ¶ݹһ֮αԭʧٶȳ֮ʣѾǰʮ⣬ȴҲֻǸһٶʧʧ֮ǰ֮ȴһӴΡҶСһֳΣٻ󸡣ǰЩѾٶ˳˯һγıֻˡ
һ֣Ǵһţ֮һֱ·ʿֶȥոЩΪڼܵɶ͵ɽ˲ʱ㱻ǿһʱȥڴ֮Ҳٻľʯɢɫڣֱ·ȥһʱ䣬Щʧ˲ٷɽԪӤʿս
ҶС֮ʣǳ·ʿĹƿ϶ʩչ˲֮˲֮˲ԡһƣŻ棬һֻѾ൱ڶƷɽƷ̥Ҳע˴â£ʮɣףһǽֱȥַɽϷбһն֮䣬佣⾹Ȼﵽɡһʱ佣޿ƥУ
ǰл齣󣬺ҶСͻȻϮ·ȻǿҶСֱӹǲɲǣȴ齣ס
齣һסҶСҲһͬ뽣Уһֳַɽһֲٿ𣬱Ž벽սһš
ԭԻ齣ʹƣڱУ֮ҶСǿɵܿԽ֧š·ڶԪӤʿʩչĺϻ֮Ҳסһʱ֮Ҳ޷ˡ
ڣҶСϽ󣬽˱ǣʩչһ֮ʣҶСҲһһֱŵնʱ˱̾һһͬŲ˵Ԫȥ
ʱͱ齣ĵʮ˥ĲԪڲ֧ͬʱҶСıɽҲ浱дһâֱնȥȻĻ֮ʱҲû˿谭ıͻ˷ۿҪ˲˵
뵽Լݺ꣬˶ݵĽ浱оͰһĺʵȴˣݻɡ
ɽת˲˵ȻܱסȴҲֻһģ˲ʱԪֻԪҪɢɳ
ҶСҲǡʱ˵ķʮŵδȫֻݳǡǡն˸š


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ͬǷھ磬ҶСΪǿ⼸ǳ㱩¶ԪȻһƣ˱̾һһͬննеķʱһն롣
һƷնУı޺ҶСҲʱʩչǲ˱ҶСȥԼնɱķ񣬱㾡ԶҶСա
ҶСϾû˵ĹȻҲѾھȫԽ֮еʶĨɱ˵ķǱӳʮ
˵ķһȥʱɢߡʱȻѱҲ˲öֻ⼫ٷɶݡ
ҶСȴҲģʱ佣֮еķɽɢɣһͬ׷ЩӶݵķ񡣶ҶСԼҲжݷϧķʩչ˲֮׷ɱЩ
뵽Լ˽ܾ꣬˿١һǧĸɽھķ紵֮ȴһ˲㸲
˭ܹõһոս׵ڵʿǿսͬǷڣѾǧ֮ڲյʱ֮оܡ
ʿķٱ䱾Ҫϲ٣ҶС׷ɱƬ̣Ӷ˳ȥлһŲ˵ǬǿϧϵһۼƬ̼ѾɳҶСʶ̽鷶ΧҶСҲȥ׷ʣ¼Ʒ񣬶ҲһӲдѣѳˡ

ˣ𣬶̽޶һ֮ڴ򿪸ɽ廤ɽơǹȻ鸽ɣľܣȥδӣԼѡԸ鸽ߣȥ˴еҷߣɱۣ
ҶС󣬵ȴûÿһʿƽȴ˲ɿܵϡҶСΪǿ󣬾⴫֮УѾںĪԪ񹥻ֻĿĲˣȰ˹鸽
ʿҲ٣ǳǹ޼༸֡ҶС̫ǿӲǵһЩ˷һɱ˵飬ǱҪҶСǲΪ֮ԱЩһ·ѡ
Щ·ʩչźϻ֮ʿǣҲҶС˲֮Խסǵķɽʩչʶ˲ȥǵĺϻ֮Ȼ˻ڻԵС

Щʿѡ񣬶ȵһ֮ȥ
֮ҶС㻯һݹ⣬ֱڡȥһеĶʿҴϸ֮ţ˿̳֮ԪӤʿ
򵥽˼֮ҶС㲻ȥˣʩչʹⶫ嶫ϿʼڣҶС̵ֻʱΪձණʿȡö֮Ȼͽ̳֮˿˴

ҶС̽ճǹȺռ˶󣬶ϢδȥҪ鷳Ͳֳܹʾ
ܿ죬ЩϹ鸽ҶСĶʿ뿪ȥʤݵĸҶСҲѸٵɢȥ
һʱʤݵ統жҶСһħһĴڡȴڵ֪ǿսԼռǹ붫󼸺ƾһֶ֮֮ɵҲ˸ֱǰ֡ټħ塢֣ЩСҲϾ˼ҶСֻεܹ֣ΣԼɰˡ
ʱһţÿһȥ󶼻ôɥʧѰɽͨɽ
ϾҶСǿֵģ鸽ʿҲɡлһЩʿװ鸽ʵȴѰḴ𡣵ҶСȴӵԪƣǵĺĵӸǲ½ƣһһˡ
ɹˣҶСȴԼȥġֻһǡ
ҶС˶º󣬶ڱҶСҶСȴֹһϸйΪ֮󣬲ٶ뿪ϸ
ҶСһ뿪ϸȥķڵڣ

ǰ󲻹ʱ䣬֮еĴɱȥʱЩĴ֮⣬СɡһʱҲھ֮Сħ塢֣ҶС࣬һʱĻ̡̻Ƕʿ뿪֮󣬵ɢ͸ҶСٶ
ոո£֮бһѶϢĴ֮һҲҶСƣ󱻹֮ʣмƷӶݣڵʯȴֱڡһսУҶС񲻽ɱʯˣ˵һڱ«֮УǰԮһʿ
˵ҶСھȻڶ̶̵ļʱ֮Уһ޷ʿɱᱻӶݼʷ񣬳ɳһֻܹɱʿľ硣ҸΪ˲ŵģǾݴҶСԼδܵһˡ
һɸֻʣһɡ˶ڿţҶСǷԸһԲ֡

ҶСΪٶҲԽԽ졣ڹںһʱ䣬ҶСٶȳڳС
֮еһϼѣСȴһСϣһӰͻȻ֡ΧЩɽʿȴڻδ֮ʱѾ֪ΪΣأ̱ȥ
һɽ壬ΪԷС塣ͻȻֵӰҲǱˣɽʦݰϰ֮ѾǷڵҶС
ҶСڸԷͣƬ֮󣬱㻯һݹ⣬ֱȥ
ҶСɵӰʵ̫һЩϾǿռ̲ɣû˶˵ġҶС׸ɴ֮ˣֱˣ̲ɣҪԲ֪ʲô칦ɡ
ڣһЩҲסˡɳʿ׼ΧҶС࣬ȴһֱ޷ҵҶС١׷פҶСһĿꡪڣãҶСϹ

ҶСڽ׷ں붫ΪȻδﵽ׷ڵĳ̶ȣҲѾԶѰʿˡһΣҶСȴһ֮еʱ򣬱֮ܵż쳣ǿϢȻڼѹƣȴ޷ΡңлһΪǿԶǿϢܹҶСܵ쳣ǿĸоѾǷھˡ
ֻǷʿͬʱмڳҶСҲ˿¡ھҪԷʿҶСҪսʤǺѡ


һ ͼı
Ҫ֪ڵÿһС֮еĲѾ̫󣬾ҶСҲ׿׻ɱ߽ʿ⣬ҶСһֱΪ̫죬ȴҪʱȥģҲδܹΪٶȡ
ԣһҶСһ̽˲ڵĵϸֻǵԷͣƬ̣ٶȥ

ҶСȥ֮ĵգһϢѸڶʤݵİڴҺܿʹ˳֮Сǰ֮еһѾһɵɡ޼ɽͻȻ˹ơ⹥޼ɽ֮ˣ֮ǰһƳĴ֮ҶС
ҶСڹ޼ɽ֮գƮȻȥڣɱ޼ɽڳϣһţӶ޼ɽ˴ʿȻǽԼµʿȴ޼ɽľӢӡɵĸȴǣ֮У˰޼ɽڵ߳ɶƷ߼
ʱ䣬޼ɽĸ㱻׶ҡڵǷڣѾĳͻȻǵ±һ겻񡣵ûû湦޼ɽһʿʱҲ޷ָˡǣʿҲͬҶСһ㣬ĴӶᡣ
һʿǵڲʿһͬ׼ҶС֮ˡȴ뵽£ȴȻŵԼ޼ɽϮ±ոϻأֻϧ֮ʱҶСѾѲ֪ա
ҶС޼ɽ뿪֮ʣֻϸգܹ޼ɽķʿ֮󣬱ٶȳŲɷȥ
޼ɽһ£ǲļʿ綼һҲƵ뿪˲ɣ׷׻Լڵɡ

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㳡֮ϣԹ㳡֮һˡˣǲˣ
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ҶСͻȻڹ㳡Ĵ⣬̤ţͬʱ˵գҲ̵һ㳡ʱҲ߸λҶСЩͷųһѹѹȵֱ
һʱһʱʱת޳ҶС˳˱˴ڵλ⣬Ѳͬ
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޼ɽϮǰԮɵʿȥ˱֪ҶСͿˡ⼸һֱڴ˵ء
һ²֪˿ɷ֪
ˣҳĴ֦ͬꡣ໥Լ໥ɽѾͬ⣬ΪңһҾ㣬ȴš֮࣬츳ѣΪ亱ͳһݣҰȻ֪ɳҲвҳĴɡݺ֮£Ҳ֮¡ҪսսҲ̰֮
ǺǺǡҶС֮ԣȻЦ˼ЦЦһ㣬ҶСֹסЦ˵⹴Ķǣ֮£һδ͸ĵزҪʵģǹڼʦ֮¡
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ѾҶСһս׼ȴû뵽ҶС񾹻Ȼ˹ݰ֮¡ʵݰһϵ˵ɺıҶСݰĻ»һҶСҲǶݰĹϵֲֻᡣ
ʣ֮ǰ֮ɻ棿

ˣȻѾȴǰƵĿһ˿Ϊ΢ĲԪȻֻһ˿ʱп˥ߵԪ񣬵ǾѪȻɳһֱȥ»ָʶδزܣֻʵ̫һЩ֪ʧǰַţȻѾùķжϢǰıδĨȥвʶģ½ԿʹΪ̸Ī
棿иܣд취š
ţҶС֮ԣĿǻɵҡͷ˵
Ǻǣǰ˿˵ܹʱ֮ڽһݽߣ
ҶС񵭵һЦ˵
áһΣҶС֮ԣһ˼ҶСѾ̫޷ŵĶ˵µĶԾɱģڲϲ˶˵ǱġǵҩҲδٹһšԺұɽ㡣
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ҶСû뵽ôȥɾȻԾıǰ֮һʱҲǸˡЩ̾븴֮գֿʱգҲࡣ
ˣزΪ˴°ɣ
ҶС¶ЦݣȴһЦҲУ̽ʵ
Ȼɵ˶ѵ֪ɺıݺɣ˲ɲ㡣ҽڴ㣬Ϊɣ֮ĹϵͬѰѡΪѾڶ徳磬ɣȻڱصã
ߣСڳԣĪҲˣĪҪң㲻ոս׷ڼգ͸ƴﵽڶ壿
ԣԹ֪
δ䣬ҶСͻȻʧŹҶСȺŵ˵Ȼ޳˶еļ¶˲֮һʧ½ʶĻ⼤ͬʱҪ
Ǵ˸ոռ˻⣬δ֮ʣҶСȻٶȳ֡ҶСֵλãǡǡ˵˵Ļ֮У
ŲҶСͬϻǯһϲŵĹɢĿֲϢвԾĿһ¡ָоֽٺʶĿ־뺦¡ȻҶС͵Ϯܹ˲ΣƷԼĲҪɱԼȻҲ׾ٵġڣ˵вһη壬һֶǿߣԼյĿ־СǰۼʶҶСЩͽ׵ʿƴָλ߶ڵλߵ֮ĵֱڣָоŶȻŤתҲɰûݰһϵҶСֱӽԼɱ
ˣˣ
ҶС񻺻ջأ˵߹Ƶǰ
㣬
һʱ侹˼ȵ𾪵УһŷӦһ죬ŷ֣Լ˵вȻ
ɹϵУǽɸгһ̸֪ˣҲԭ¡һϵϣֻҪԸ⣬ҿòȫȻǳ˲ɵ⣡


һ ˵
⣿ûʮʿΰãεԴ
ʵ
һȥ֮˱֪
˵ŻҶСѾϸŴ򿪣ĴǵС
Ǵ˵Լٵһռ䣿˵ġ
ҶСϸռ䵱ţͬʱʶʶҲ̽ŷռ侹˸һһľΪע⣬֮ң˻зվй򱾾ʮʶ֮ˡ
˴֮ʿȴѾڳɵʿˡ֮ʿҲԳ֣һ¹Ҳмܰɣ
ҶС˵֮䣬һԵԱ
ô죿ĪҲҪҲɹ鸽ɣ
ʵüʶһռ䣬㲻ɵĶˡΪһо͸ܵˣȻֻһľµһƷߣԵ˥һѾжƷм硣ȻƷ׻ֻǶƷмĵһԼֻвʮﷶΧ֮УŨȾȻѾﵽ˼Ʒĳ̶ȡ̶ֳȵڲҲǼġ
⣬Щ֮·ʿһǾӯֳӯѾΪ̶ȣϸһ̽ᷢʿһڳɢҩʿոշƷ׼ѵĵҩŻеЧβûʲôر𣬿رȴǣʿоųϣ̶ȡ֤ʿһżԹϷõĵҩĳ̶ȣڲɣǰ֮еЩҲġǣҲܹѸ൤ҩָЩĵʿѡ
Ը⣬ڼ֮Կԭ಻ĽƱ˵ĺֻҪ֮ʱٻɡϸռ֮Իռ䣬㹻òɵʿˡȻ˲ԸҲǿֻǣɵ¶ڱصã
ɫ仯ҶСҲ֪Ȼġ
ƺռ֮еĿشЩԵϡش˰ɣĪҪҲɰЩط
˳˼Ƭ̺󣬶ҶСʵãȴռȻޡھѾͣʣĿռ䲻ࡣ˲ɵĵڣѾߵϣ˷ƺռ䵱Ҳʲô¡ֵ֣Ѿݽ룬ٵֵסҲݣôʱҲᶪʧġȻڳҶСڸ֮еңǵñʿһĻ̻̣ĵҲ޹ϵ
ǺǺǣ˶ˡ˵еطеطȻʱɵĵطҲõģҲһֱԵشġЩǺ󻰣ʦֱˡ
ѾʼּۻۣҶС֪Ȼ֮ˡԲûʲô飬ȴ֪ĹϵĹϵҪ̸ɲһٱȥǰԼǳ֮࡭Щּۻ֮ҶСȴѾȥ֮еĴС̳֮ڴҲȥ̸ˡһ뵽Լϸռ䵱УԺԼԼԼʲôԿԿġ
ĵˣҶСǸòɱԭƣҲԼԪ㹻šʱֻҪҵһЩĵӼԿƣЩȥӰʿò̫ʱ䣬Ҳᱻ𽥵еʿУֻһ֡ɣ

ҶС뿪ϸռʱ˶ҶС̬Ѿ˸ʮȵĴת䡣һʱ䣬ټ˲ڵ֮ˣԼľȥȻɣģǴ˽ԼģʶĽ֮󣬱ҲûʿˡҪģǽϢȥͬʱеĲʿѾʼµļҵףֻҶСϸ֮ţȫˡ
ҶСȴòμ̸֮һѾ˲ɵ壬ʩչʼ˵ģΪѾﵽ˷ڶȴǿʣǵȷˡڣҶСţԼпɵ֮бס
ȻҶСӽ׷ڵҲûжʱ䣬Ҫ֪˾ΪĵȴʲôһˣȻѾ֮д꣬ԴһսŻָȫĴˡʣµģҲһЩĴ֮еһЩСɵƷԼļƷ¼ѡȻи뵽ϸ֮УҪ֪һ֮һѾһʲôӴοҶСܹѾǵʮֹǿ֮£ΪȻûԱ仯ǲ֡
ҶСѾ֪˶ΪĲϴҶСٶҲӿѾƷԲǶƷҶСҲѾܹͬʱˡǲ壬ǲɵ壬ǿҲǽһͼ൱ɶƷܺ͡ҶСŻᵥȥ
ٶȣҶСܹ֮лõԼΪҲԽԽǵ˺ҶСΪٶҲԽĿ
ǲŨ㲩ȴҲסҶСûжãǱΪǲĲ壬ݽ߳ΪһѰ֮󣬱һһڶ̶̵һǼʱڿݽȥ
Եı仯ǿҵǰ󷴲ڲɵʿȻһζһʱ䣬һʿвϾʿɵĳһɽʮǧġ
һĿݽߵͬʱԵȴҶСΪڱһߵľ硣ԭѾﵽ˷ڶΪдֱ֮ٶȹ̣ҶСһĳŷھƽšھÿһȻѣҶСھһ˶δܹﵽҪ󡣾ҶС֮ǰ͸ܵԼΪѾﵽ˷ڶ徳磬˲߳ɵ֮ȴûн׼ҶСΪҲٶߣЩڵ򶼳ڹҶСΪ֮á
ҶСˣȴΪھ磬ÿһС磬ǷڣҲһСԲ磡


Ķ ʥ渴
ڡڵСԲȹ֮Żһ㾳磬˷ڣСԲ֮ɻдԲ硣ЩʱֻҪûͻƵһ㾳磬ٶΪ
ҶСǴľ硣СԲʲôʿΪʿڲϵĹԼΪΪΪһ׼ͬʱڻɳ˴ʿЩ˽ڳԭĴɵʿڳ֮еĸС֮䣬˵ɡ
֮ĸ˵ǾްԳ̶ȵ⣬ĴСɡĴѾȫҶСշͬʱҲ˳˷ֵսʹó͡ǲϹ鸽ʱҲпܻḲһ˵ࡣһҶСԱѪеĳշг֮еˡ˲Ը鸽ҶСȴҲȥǿǿ飬ȴҲмȥ
ҶСڲϵΪ׼ϧǣ֮ǰѾܵԼ뵽˷ڵСԲ磬ۿŲɵѾҪȫȴδܹһӡʱҶСҲδ̫ļֻкȻܹԪӤһٿԽڵľ硣һܹڽײ֮ٶȴΪ
ȻΪҶСԵʣĴɾ˳˳ķսЩڰ½ڶʿΪ֮ϼȻݽߣҲȻû̫ػˡһʱ֮еսνȫʧءһʱѾ˽롣
ҶС񼸺δݵ֮ҲδܹͻƷСԲ硣ʱҶСϸռķΧȴһţеǷνɣѾ൱ڵĴˡʿڹ鸽лԴǺͲڣյʶﵹҲƽˡ
ҶСԭƻ˳֮󣬱ֱȥ֮СɿǴ׼ʱȴһ⣬ıƻ

һ޼ʵĲã״ϿգһȥҫĿĶݹת˲š
һݹ⣬Ѿ뵽ϸеҶСʱĿ꣬ȴǰ򣬶ոڱѩ֮µı«ޡ
ѩ㻹ǵô
ҶСĶݹͻȻϿһͣͬʱתͷһ˫ŮģΧһɫΧŮ˵
ȻǵáС磬˵ģһƬѩ֮صУͬҶСһͬ뿪һͬİѩ˵⻰ѩָԶһɽ˵ɽϣѩļҡ
Ҫȥô
ҶСʵطʵأҶС·ֿ˵ǸĿɰֿСŮ
ˣǼ·ɡѩҡҡͷ˵·һ㣬˵ɱץĸ֮ʱǸҾѾˡ
ҶС֪ѩЩɵΪ֮̿ˡܹ˵ȫĵŮһݶ׷ִģѹ˶ģ֮еһݳޡ
ǰЩҶСδܹףϸѾǽ𵤺ΪİѩȴͻȻͻ˾ԪӤھ硣ѩЩһֱΪıһԼΪɣĸף游Ϊһ׵ԪӤ磬ѩҪص«޵뷨
ѩҶС꣬ҶСҲԼһ㡣Ȼ׵ԪӤڣﶼǲӵΪǷǴɵУȴǲġҶСڵﶼһھȥ򣬲ȥ«һҲһңʥ沿ҲΪҶС٣ûʥ沿䣬ҲδػнաҶСҲʥ沿һصЩǷǵġȻҶСΪȤǱ«޵Щ

«ǱȶʤҪ㲩࣬ҶСڵĶ٣Ҳһֱգ˵ʥ沿֮ءֻڣѾûʥ沿䵱ټȡ֮ģѾĸԴһЩСϷֺԺ
֪ҶСѾصʥ沿֮أҶСϸ֪֮Ҫع鱱«ͼѵʿԾԾԣΪļս븴׼
Сȡˣʥ沿ʿԼʤΣ
ҶСԣ̳·ĿԷǵʥ沿ʵأĶҶС˵ȻѾʥ沿еսȴ˿δңھôķչʥ沿Ҳǽȡɺ󣬵֮Ƿӵ֮츳ʿҶС񶼻ȰǷ䵽ʥ沿¡ʥ沿һ˥ü壬ȻѾ뵽֮УȻҲƲ֮ôţʿȻǵ屶ֹڳ˵ʮ⣬ʮʿҶСԴԴϵĵҩ֮½׵徳硣ĳϵУ̳Ҳ׵ڣҲҲо˽׵ڡ̶̵İʱ⣬ĳɾͣѾʥ沿ǧйĸ߶ȡ
˵֮䣬ʿѾ׷ҶСϸ֮зɳ
ʵ·ĸԴһЩҲûһǱȲɴɣΪߵҲԪӤھѡͻģԼɵϿͻȻδʿɶʶ鲻׷׶׼֪ͨԼɱԼʿͬʱҲ׼żǿɽƵķ
ϿһշУǼŷ޵ʿ֮࣬ѾԶԶڴ˴פʿܹշеʿҲѾʿһȥڵʿҲʮӡѾǴ˴פʿҲԵֵˡ
ûףΪεĶӵʿǣôᷢչ˳̶ȡңβģһֱ˽棬ű֡ǵ걻ѹȣò뿪ʵصʿǣȷѾŵûһ˸뿪ɽӭǿˡ
Ǻǣ̳ϿˣҲʥ沿һԱ⸴֮ʱɲһ
һ䣬ҶС¶ݹһӰѾԭʧһȴʩչ˲֮Īжݷʹٶ̫죬ΪԵһЩʿѾ޷׽١
ҶСֹͣʱѾԭʥ沿ϽϿĴ
ҶСһָһָתָ֮䷽ҶС·


Ķһ 
ҶСָһָ֮ʻʲôر𣬲ǺһСͻȻ̹һǴ뿪ҶСָ⣬ֱ·ȥ֮ʱȴȻһ񲻿ɵֿҵĽ
ǽâӭ缴һɲʱ䣬ɲȻ˰ɣųɫͬϼһޣƵͬһ㣬ֱֱĳ·ģɷΪǿ֮ն¡
ҫ֮£źȻһͬɽͱһҶСһѾն·ơͬʱһ⻹Ĳ·һѵ֮Сͬϵ¥һݻ٣ֱӽµɽһͬ롣
һ֮£ȥ˻ɽƣɽԼϵĽǴʱͬȹϵļһͬۼһ̸Ӧ߽֮ʿҲһ͵
û˻ɽƣʧԪӤڵĸ߽ʿʱ·ɵȷѾûʲôǿӲĵֿˡ
ʵҶСʥ沿ڵҲԴݻ·ļɷԺԭԼֻǣӲӲԲСòʥ沿ŷչҶСɲʱĵοҶС񲻹Ǿ֮Ͷѡ
ҶСһǿƻ֮Ȼľսʥ沿˼𺳣ҶСоĽҪ֪ǵ˽ѾҶСǵʥ档ܹʥ沿ʿǣٶԻ͵ʥ棡
ҶСһ֮󣬱㾶ֱ¡ͣ·һնеɽ岻ߴ֮ʩչ˵·
ʥ沿ԭ֮ҲôǶƷ¼ƷˡʵҶСʥ沿֮ʱѾʳ˺ܴΧϽ򣬲һΣʥ沿ȴҪеʶˡҶС֮еʥ沿ʿҲһӵϣ׷׳·ĸɹ˹ȥʱӵоƵʥ沿ѾҪκεսֻ֮࣬ʿǵʵѹֻҹڽֹʿǡ
ԼĪպʥ沿һʧأͬǧʧضױ˻ֻЩɵʿǣҶСȴ˼ֳ츳ѵʿ⣬Ķʥ沿ʿԼȥáЩʿʥ沿ʿŲҶСԲƽϣ̳ϵȵʿǽܲ˵ġ
һպҶСڽԭʥ沿ϽҶСո׼ȥ֮ʱȴһͻȻ֣ԼһֱõķСԲ磬Լʥ沿֮ͻƵļ
̧ۣңԶһƬãã֮·ε۾ЩѩԶҶС񾹲ɵ΢΢ۡԼһֱѾԶԼԤ룬ͻƵļҶСЩ˷ܡǰң«޵ÿһ֮ľ붼ΪңԶ˴˼ҪԮʮѡҶС˵ȻΪҲΪԭҶСʿѾݻ⼸ɹȥһհ룬ûһɵԮ
ǰҶСԶҲϼҶСţԼֻҪٶһСܹﵽ׷ڵľˡ
ͣҶСٶȽʥ沿ʿϸУԼŶݹֱԶȥڴ֮ǰȻԪӤʿʩչ˳ʶ֮Զڴʱ«ԼһƬʮϤ

ԭʥ沿ڵλþλڱ«޵ıԵشʵԭڵĶڶʤ˵Ҳò̫ࡣܹԪӤΪѾǼΪѵõˡҶСһڵʿȻûκܹס
˺һ˰ռʥ沿ļڵ֮ҶСһֵܹ΢ĶԴĵ֡
һƬããɽϿգҶСһƮȻµĶݹ·İѩ¾޷ѰʿݹȻǶ̫ԵʡҶСĶݹܹﵽʧľ磬ȻǶѾﵽһµı֡ҶСжݷϵ裬ѾԽ˴˷ˮ¡
ҶСһֱֱ룬ΪԼۿžҪףһҲ˿ͣЪĹһɡҶСȴеһŹȴҲרЩռʥ沿ɡ
֪ǺηʿմޱӦûûһλʿ
ԶԶģʿҶСȵܹҶС࿴ȻҲΪΪҲǷھ硣
ҶС֪Լڴӱ«޵ıԵһֱɾۼĵطڳзʿɡȻԵģҲִʱҶСΪҪĸƷ
һҶСȻҲ˲ȴʱЩƷƷҲûгн׵ģھգΪڷСԲ硣ԼֻǸܵʱԽ׵ĳ̶ȣȴһֱδܿһ
ҶС񣬵ȷǱʿ
ҶСƽ˵
ѼȻǱʿΪβԼ֮ҪޱԵѵݣȻҲ֮ӦòûԼ֮ذɣ
ʿ˵֮ƽͿжҶСȴʮּɵΪҶС֮Կݽ֮£šҶС񵱳ڳֳ֮ôķ粨Ѵ˸صĸ߽ʿСδҶС֮ǰѾ֪ҶСͷʱ̽ʵѡ
ǺǣѴԲӡʲôݣȷǸ֮ʱⶼڵ֮С˵أΪ˳ıһ֮ء
ҶСǰʿһΪպӹ֮ˣ㺡ڱ«֮УΪ䷶Χ̫ȴδ٣ֻÿһƬ֮ľ̫ңԶԵһЩԴһЩͬ׽һ㣬ΪҲ뱱«޵׽֮ϵʮֽĹϵ
ȴ˵ҪĿġһأʵΪѰˣ
ʿһҶС֮Աɫһ䣬ҶСȴ˵˵
ס㺵һɻҶСڳ֮Уʤݵ統жѾǽ֮ˣ˵Ϊ˶ܶʤݵӱܵ«޻˵ȴͻȻ˵ҪˣδЩ֣ſʵ֪ҪҺˣڴ˵Ҳвǧ꣬˵˭˵׼¿԰һ
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ҶСһһ٣ǻԲ˵֣


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ǺǣѾǰһ£Ӹλڴδ֪ѣҶĳ֮ǰȻ֪ڿպӹ»ֱš
񲢲ڴ˵أʲôȽ£ĳ治֪ٴҲ١
ҶС֮ԣ˫΢΢¡΢仯㺵ȴѾ֪ҶСв졣ʹﲻɵѾʼڵʱ׼Ӧ⡣
νԩͷծҶСжڶԷЩȴҲѹסŭ𡣱ϾǱͻȻʲôҲ˵ԼҪһʿԼҲδػöԷ⡣
ѩ˵ˡ
ҶСĻ£ͻȻһӰһ֣ҶСԹһСϸ΢һоһƬƬѩƮ䣬֮һ˫İѩ¶
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ѩһſڣȴƺⱱ«޵ļĺ⻹ҪҪŨҡ
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ϾҶСֻһˣӵ˲ʤݣ磬̫СһЩĿǰʽûǲҪŭá
Ƕǰһ£֪ΪҪסšǷ㣬ɷ񽫵Ҫʼµԭ֪£
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ҵʱ֮ʸף߶ŵѣѼȻϽˣֻҶĳԼȥѰˡ
˵֮ʱҶС㴫Եİѩصϸ֮СϾԺԿŰѩҪ
С磬ǾͰˡ
ѩڲ֪Լ޶꣬ɲܹԼȥԼĸĸ
ѩһ뵽ϸУҶС˵ĽʶɢȥȻ֪Ǹ󵽵ʲôģȴ֪ԪӤʿһպӹУܹΪǲ̫ġ
ҶС˵̽ҲֳŭϾǿպӹĹӡͻȻΪɢ̫񱩣̽Ĵһ㣬ϱ޴ΧĿ


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ӰķΧ֮Ȼﵽɸ߶ȡԶԶȥ֮з·һŵɫһ㡣ֻǱǼӲģͬһ㡣
󣬱ŭȵҶѣĪ̫㱾ʤʿͻұ«ޣƻɣٻұʿδ׷ѾǸӣ
ҶСͻȻЦתݵҹⱱ«ȴΪʥ沿֮𡣵ʿɾڴ˵ʱȡѳ塯֮ںδܹڴ˵δֱӹպӹȻҲǸ㼫ӣĪҪ̽Ҷĳģڰ󽻳ŪԭίԻ뿪«ޣǲĪˣ
ڴˣҶСʿ֮ô᲻֪ϾЩɶʥ沿ȷȡᣬһʥ沿ţ±뵽ʥ沿ӦǰҶСˡϾҲǷʿ꣬ᱻһͬʿͻȻ˵ϼ䣬ͱŵ֮ˡܹɳڵʿһӣ
ҶСڳԡҲڷŭ˶պӹʿǰҶСˣȥպкĿ
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㺵ĹȥҲǲСҶСȴƺδ̫һ㡣ϳǿ⣬δ˸ܵжôǿ
һɢˮɫԣûӴӰı֮ۿҪҶСʱȴȻҶСͻȻһӰһ˲һӰ㱻֮ɵ
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㺵ĶѾǷͬѰʿȣٿ죬ùҶС˲֮ҶС˲֮֮󣬱׷㺣ǡǡڶ˲֮ʱ㺵ķżǡҶСĻ⣬ҶС񲻹һ̽˿ֻ̽У
·ʿ޷׷֮˵ĶټǴһ˲֮ٶ֮ʱȴķ㺾Ȼһ˲֮ĶԿгˡ
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ҶСƽͣ㺵Ķȷͬըһ𺳡ΪܵõҶСгԼļϣֻһԼ᲻ԼȴҶСγδвɻںޣԭԹȻʵʵĵطȴǿҶСʵǱʵʵ̫ԶһЩ뵽ҶСʵȻѾǿˣһ棬ѾԼܡʵ֪Ѿڱ«ҲҲˡ
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ҡ
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˵«޵շǱ޶ҪһЩֻҪԷܣԷԸͷֻҪһֱѹסԷ㲻̫ĶԷķѡΪ«޵ÿһ𣬶֮гɳģʵߵĵ塣ӵʵֱǷϵġ˵ʤݵĸ棬ȴһģɴһĹҪڱвС

ӵ㹻ǿʵ֮һжüѩ˶꣬ԼҲܱ˵ġܹҲ֪ҪǧˡڣҶСǿȴ˼򵥵ı㽫ˡ
㺳ҶСĵһʱ䣬·ʿУһԪӤʿͻȻݹէҲƵֱԶɶݶȥ
ҶСƤ£ӶݡݹһҶСѾ˽סָ̧֣һǲֻʶ֮˱㱻ǽ⴩ضɢۿҪ׹ȥȴҶСһ̣ƾ
ɣ
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㺶꣬ˣѾǾڱȴҲΪˡ
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˼֮еһ磬ֻһ򵥵ɻ˵ɡѩˣҶСҲˡҶС̲һһ֮ʱγֲ֪ĵطҲƵıأֻҶС񲢷ʥˣϵ²ҶСֻҪܹػԼߵһбѾ㹻

ҶСϸռ䵱С
ѩôأѾҶСһ⴩أѾǰ״̬ѩʵҪҪ˿æֶαȽ϶࡭
ѩദƽؾѩ̫һЩʱ׽ѩ
ˣԼа취ġҽ׵ԪӤڣҲҪٶȽɱĸ֮ˣΪҵıõĽ֮ˡ
ѩģ˵в֮ɵͷѩɰ뵽Լûϵ


Ķ 
̬ѩȴҲתһЦȻƽذѩҲʱ˵˵ЦЦһεЦ֮Уȴһͻ
һֱ˽գѩͷһֱѹĳ޲ڱ⿪ʮƣԸҲơֻǣ뷨ʵҪӼһЩֻΪܹΪԼĸĸִһֱΨһĿϧģȴԼδܹԼļ𸴳֮ҪҶС񡭡
Ȼ׿˵ȻҶС񣬽¹ڿպӹ
ȻպӹȻ鸽ҶСȻЩһ㣬뵽ϸ֮С֮е㺴ڶ߽ʿһҶСϸ֮ʱ־Բ˵
ڿպӹҶСϸռ֮ΰ֮ȥʱ̳֮˵ˣΡ˲ҶСģҶСһ˿պӹһȻͻƷСԲ硣

պӹȻڱ«ꡣȻֻһʿͻȻľݵӴܱߵһЩע⡣һɳ˸Ե̽ӣʲôˣôշ˿պӹ󣬿պӹֽηչȥ
Щ֪˾Ǵ˵֮еǸڶʤݽռ죬Ҳ֪ʲôĹԿݽ֮֮󣬱Ҳ˸ȥ͵պӹ鵱СһԻɴգͬʱϸʿʱǳӡ
պӹǹ㺵ʵҲ֪ģȻĵͷôҶСٴ㺿ʼţôؽһ˷ʤԣڲ֮ҶСڿպӹ֮ͬʱܱߵһЩȻвͨţʱķߡǷҶСһǱвк춯㶼
Щǣڿպӹһ첻ϼ٣ֱȫȻݽ֮󣬿պӹʿȴƾʧˡͬպӹԭһһҲδֹҶС񣬾͸Ϊ¶档
ΣеʿǶɵ˴ĵҶСӵԼĶռĴšֻû˸ȥţռԼٵġϾഫܹӵ˴ܵģֻϹŵΪѾǷϣ龳ʿܹ˵ȴ󷨵ġ

ҶСһֱûϢȻΪպӹʱͻƵ˷ڡʵһֱδ뿪պӹڵλãֻǾڽпպӹ֮󣬱ֱӽպӹеʿһ뵽ϸУڱչ
ڵҶС񣬾ͺһǿ׳ʿȴֻһֲڵľһ㡣ǿ׳ΪΪѾﵽ㹻ߵľ硣ֲ֮ڣΪ޵ȵȶΪ̫δѾΪӦľ硣
ҶСϸռ䵱Уͨͬһľ֮µһڡէһȥҶСΧһȦȦĽɫԲһ㣬Ǵÿˣᷢʲô𻷣ǷһĽɫӰѡϸϸһ𽣾оű֮ࡣῴȥͬһΪתеٶ̫һЩ
űɫɽתеʱʱʱΪģȴűɫɽתûĽ𻷾ԽԽŵԲȫںΪһǽɫɽɫȴҲøʵ࣬էһȥķɽû˿ͬһɽȴķɽҶСնﵽ˵ʮ㣬ڴɡ
ҶСһ㽫һֱŵʶſһͬһ˵С񣬿Ҫ鷳ˣ
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ҶС֮вһϲ£ҶС뿪ҡֱӷ͵ȺſڵϡҶСͣϸռţһͬ뿪ϸռ䡣
ҶСһͻȻĺƷһȻȻͷųηӭͷѹ
־ҶСϤʱֵ֮ģǽ׵ڵơһζɽٵģȴҶС񣬶ݰıޡ󸣡
׵ڵƲСոһ֣Ѿ˲ٱ«ޱǿʿǡһǳҶСڵķֱӼ˶ݹ⣬ֱӷҶСķ򣬿Ǻֽ׵˷ڡΪÿһʿԺܴΧڵвСӰ졣Ͼһӵһʿʿʵűʲġ
ǴеʿǴƵնµĵһ׽ٵʱ򣬱㾡Զ𾪡ΪǾ׵ɫɫʿǲ˶صɫ׽ٵģ˵ıؽǿʿײŻеľ󡣶Ѿ˵ޣǽҲǲҪ׽ٵġΪ˾һ׽ٵʱѾһͬ׽ٵĴ
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Ҫ֪ǿޣǽ׽Լޣǽɱȡϸίҩϼ֮ƽϽлҵǿޡ徳ڣʿлܹԶ٣׽Χɱ
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еʿ뵽׵޾ҶСϵ
ΪڵʿǼѾ˵ҶС˴ΪҶСһϸбչأһձʮ֮á
ʱѾȥ֮ã˻뵽ҶС񾹻ڴ˴

ҶС׷Ȼ꣬Ϊѹ̡Ȼ׷ڵ٣ǶҶСȴδʲôѹ
һΧɽ޵ķʿ˿ҿ׽ȴҶСĸ֮ɵֵҶСȻǸɽ٣ȴὫе֮ǿڲ̫ܵ˺ܹ価һ֮Ϊĳ̶ȡ֮ΪŲΪδٵĴòȹ̡
ӵϵǴʱҶСȴԼ֮ҶСڽ׵˷֮ٻͷȥŽ׷ڵʱÿһƺҶСֿƵһ㡣ǱҶС뵽ڼ֮УһҶСһ֮󣬻͵󸴦ոս׵Ϊ
Ŀ죬һͷϣ·ĶɽʿǳɹףǱ׺øҷ𣬶ȥǣת˲֮ɢ֮һƬٶȸ֡


Ķ Ե
«֮Ϊոڱѩ֮£ããѩӳģոԵøһһͨ͸ʱȴߵƵݹ⻮գ֮ʴ
ߵݹټ죬ΪĵֱҶСķˣǷļ֮еķʿǴʱǼٷһȻǵոս׶ò¶ټٶӴܵһȴҲйǺ±Էȡ
ҶС񱾾Ϊǿοͽ׵˷ڡ⼸˻׼͵Ϯ֮ʣȻ⼸˵ĴڡҲˣŻʶڱԼ󸣬Χ˲벻ĴڡȻǸܵԼǿϢ綼֪ӵﻹԼ
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ҶС֮еļٷߵݹ⣬ԼµȻ˵
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ʱȷʱҶСΪ׺Ϊܹȹ̡Ǿ֮յʮ׼ȷǡǡܳܵļ޳̶ȡٶһЩǾͻʹܵˡȻδˣȴҲΪյǡҪʱչؾޡ
Ͼ˭ҶСոնɽ֮󣬻һһ˶սġ
ҶСһϸ֮б˿󸲻ٶԣֱУľ·˸طſȥ㿪ʼһſ£ǲ֪ˣ濴ȥΪһСɽ
صҶСϸϸ֮ȴҲɳһӰһӰ֮ʱһչ֣ٶȴǵ⻹Ҫֻһֻһαһ
⼸˱Ե
ҶСԼ޵ͬʱһֱδǶдݰʶҶСǽڷȵ֮ﵱеκһʶӡ˳뵽ڡڣҶСȴȻݰʶڿʼ׳Ѿﵽ˱ԼϸгɳʶҪǿࡣĳ̶ȣǲԻָǡ»ҪСҶСὫٻȴΪҶС䷢֣ڵݰʶƺδʲôϵֻǰһѡҶСı⣬ȴҪݰʶָܹ֮ͳΪԴﵽݰĿܼ֮ɹЧȻݰָʶҲҪ·ǾҪ鷳ˡԣҶСʹݰĲھͿʼһͬսܹںΪһ
ҶС񲻸ʹĹʵǵԼ˺ݰĲ꣬ǵҶСѾǷڣԼĿ֮֮˱ȵȫһε衣ȻҲʧڡ
˵޷شҶСĻȴƺҲڻӦҶСһ㣬һ˫̶һ֮оһֻǣһţ޷׽
һ飬һߵݹ֮УһȻһеĵΪƺǿࡣԶҲǿ˲١˻кԶʱѾܹۿҶСˡ
ôˡͷΪԸʿҶСǹڵȴǵĵһʱ򣬲ɲǴȻ֣ոռ˺Ȼ֮侹ȻȫŲʱ򣬺Ȼɫ䣬īϿĿʦãСģδ䣬ʿոջԶԶ׼ʱǸոս׵޵ķɽȻɻأԼΧӹ֮ƻ˷
ˣڱ«һƬжС㺻Ҫǿࡣ˵Ȼһʿȴһʸϵ˲ϵϼһˡҲˣǲŸ˱һߵһ˻˿ʾ
ҶСѾԼֱӼжݷֱʩչ˲֮һ±ʧԭءҲͬʱ֮䣬ͻȻʧȴ˲ƣֻǶˡԶԶȥֻһ߻ʧˡҪ֪һܣ˿ڷɽ֮ġٶȣҪʿĶٿϲٵġ
꣡
һ죬ǱɽͻȻѿһ޴ѷһľ졣Ǹϸϵ졣ٿ֮УǡұۻһѪУ˺ݺն¡ΧĿȴǱıסһʹұкĲ뵽͸һÿһ֣һѿһ졣
ǱΪīϵķĿûļǿٶ̫죬Ҳ̫ͻȻѵļʱһ֮оҪ˱ն¡ڱ֮ЧĿǿķۿҪƵĳ̶ȣ㿴óˡ
ͻȻһͻȻżǿƣǷ֮ԳƵǿɽϮɽһһۣ˵еĴͷ֮ˣΪ³ˣ˳˫ʿɽܳΪ˵еĴͷ֮ˣ䱾ɽɽɽ޹ϵܹﵽڵʿһ츳׿֮⣬ǸԵǿʿĸʿûôһ³Ϊرģ빦࣬ͬɽҾɽѾǶƷϽ׷ɽۿҪһƷɽ
ϧǣʱȴҶС֮䣬һѡһ
䣡
ԺȻһ춯ص죬ٳȥұɲĿķУ³˵Ĵ˫ȴڱӴаɵӴ֮Ȼɢȥٿȴı֪ʱѪɫĹǳᣬӴĹǳһ̽㽫УסࡣǴ˫ʱŹǳᵱС˵ǲУ˵ǱиΪʱΪʱһ˫УĺѪһѪϸ˿ǽȥѪ˿֮˫ϵᶸȻ󽵡³ԼɽϵҲ΢֮УҲӿʼĻɽǿֱȥ˺ƴطɽɡ
ٿڹǳᵱеֻȭȭͷʱĿûķϡڽȭͷ·ȴֻһİݣǰݾͺǲӲһӰ֮УȥѺۡ
ʱѺڲϵȥȻǸīڲϵĸԼķĿ֮עĿΪػⲻϵ˥ȥŬҲܹѺ۵һЩȴ޷ȫֹͣ


Ķ ʮ
ǧ֮һɲǵʱ䣬һȭȥѺ۱ոһºݺݿµѷص
ꡭꡭ
˻δӦʱĿ֪ǧ궼δ˹ƹķھ˵ǰӲĺƬ
δжʱȴȻ֪ʱΪʦõݺѮҵŮ޼ͻȻɳһֻССȥƴСһɫëΨһۻƵļ졣ȥûгɵĳ
ȥ򵥣ʵȴǴͷ֮Ƿ޵нڻ޻˵ޡɣ
СûʲôرĶֻһХͻȻСһšǾһ죬ͱСļ˿ʼޱȣҴ쿪ʼҲʼûôſĴСǡñʹôһ㣬Ϊرһ
ɵһХҲʧʱȻ˿۵С̵˸С
̵һʤһԵС֮һ֮󣬱ҪǸΪʦãʵΪʿС
ɶеܹʳ˼顣֮ûܹġ֮ԼҲ֪񵽵װµĶ̵
͸ոձСĵʱ򡣺Ȼһⱬ䣬㿪ʼĴ˳򣬽һű뿪ģֱɵ˿Уһշɣһ㼫Ĵ򣬲ҲŤǱҭһģƺҪ³ʲô²ӡ
ʱͨȻ֪ΪˡܹģҲֻǼԼĴ͸ֵ丹ƻ
ʱľν⿴ոշʱһţĸץѪۡǿޣǲóֱӹȫһţδ֮֮˵˺ʮǿġ
棬˻ܹʹȻ£丹ң˵ȴֻܹĿڿʹ෭޷æ׷ʲôҲ޷Ūģֻ治עܹ֮ѹȥ
ڣҲΪºܹôΣ
õոǿȥȫһһģһֻǿ͸ΪѵˣȻһ߲Ŀܶѡ

ãӣ
һ˵УҲһ˿ΪԸһЩһ˷ʱҲ״һȻһЩţһʱ뵽ȷأٿƿߡȴһ⣬һʱ뵽ı˱ܡһ仯Ҳóʿ֮ʵм֡
ȻԶǴʱҪ뿪ҲѾΪһǰȥأȻǱҶСϡ
ҶСȻǷΪֻзڵʱҪսʤҲ⣬οڡ
һ⣬ҪӡͬʱǵǰͻȻһӰ£ÿһγֶǰһγֵλаľ롣γֵʱӰѾǵм䡣
ҶСжݷȻ˵߲㣬˲֮ľЩ˵Уǳʥˡ
ҶСﵹǼࡣ
˵Ļ䣬ҶСȻ֡ҶСͻȻҲѾܵԼ֮ʵࡣЩ˱ϾѾǷʿһ˲Ӷݵͬʱ֮䣬Ҳ׷ʩչ˸ԵĹǷ֮ȻʱΪں˵ʱ໥ϣһ״ҲǸ˾ְʩչǿĶˣǼǿķӼˣǼԼıɽҶСնȥ
ȴҲҶСεȥֵЩֻҶСϺȻһλζһ£ͻȻĵҶСһ޶ͻȻ֡ĵӰһ֣ȻһֱǰӶݵ˸׷ȥٿĵӰÿһӰֳһɫɽ
ӰҶСԪ⼸ʮУҶСҲ˼ֻԪһȻʮ֮ࡣȻķʿ˵ҶСʮ̫һЩҪ֪ħǷڣѾнˡȴҲҪ֪ҶСʮ֮оŵֻʮʱƽһٶȴѾŵļˡ
ĵԪɶĶƺҶСԼʩչжݷҪࡣֻڿĵӰʱ׷ˡ
ɫͬʱӳµֱֱնĵ⻯״ֱǰ˺նȥԪ죬ɫĽ죡ǰ˻δӦĵ½Ѿ˳ҼϢı㴩ǵķˡ

ƺߣ˵б˾ҶСһιȥ÷ʿô˹ȥ˵ȥǶ˸šʣµһȻдǣǿŶݹҪȥҶСݵԸһԪȻϳһ̣ȻұͻȻû֮ǡǡġƻȭһ½߬ġһΣһͬʧաԪͬʱع鵽ҶСڡ
ӿʼսҲǶ̶̵ǧ֮һɲʱ䡣һŶҪ֪ķʿȴܡ
ʱ֮УʣµľֻҶСһ˶ѡˣȻԪ뵽ҶСϸС
ҶСԼսתͷȥǡǡҶСԹǳᵲɽһ˲ҶСȴһֱδȥ֡Լµһγ֣ʵףǡǸԵϼ֮ѡȻ˶ѵõĸ֣ҶС񲻻ǽˣȴҲ˻ɱ
ʱڲ·ڵʱҫ۵⣬͸ǺֻƴСûýɸߡǿģĿʱšŴ֮Ǳݻٵ÷飬Ǳ뵽УҲ˵ǵԱ߸żҲòæˣǽ˻⣬ԾһԲȹ˹ء
һʱ䣬񣬱ǵ֮ذȻʿͬ׵Ĵڣ˷赽˶޷ơȻҲӰ졣
Ϊһŵת˺޲ýԼΪһЩԶҶСȴһֱǺϾߡ


Ķ 
ں˴̻꾧ʶݰʶѾԶҶСԭĿʯ˿սҪǿȫһεĳ̶ȣڲٿҲøҶСֻǸһָȫȻܣԼȻѾܹʵʵսʩչԼĹȻҶСԸ⣬ȻǿԼǿԪȥġ
ʵǿѾҶСΪԼ⻯ġֻǣΪڵһݰĲʶҶС뷨
ҶСУݰȻѾȴδȥĸҶСҲǱȻʵֵĿꡣֻһʱѡ
Ȼûа˾ʮɴС˴СǴʱڵʿټͻȻһֱвѵͻȻ֮䷢һһֻһһӰɢ
һ̣ͨ嶼ƾһ㣬˫㲻ϵֱͷ­ȴƴĺ˫Ҳǵ˼޲ϵĲš
ͻȻı֮ͻȻһѪâһâ֮ͻȻһİڴʱȴǿΪϧһЩĽѹȥһ£ڵȻɢ˴롣ʱȴҲǲòϾıޣܵˣԼҲù
һѹȥűǵڶϮۿıٶȸֳһƬѪԡһβͬǣһѪɫ֮УƺһƬŨѪ
ۡһʲôˡ󣬱ǰһХгʹ֮⣬ȴһڽ˵ĸоƺһ˲֮ʹ֮ǰ޴ŵҪˬ
һ߻Ȼƿı
˼ͬʱҲͻȻؿһʹ·ǱԼһ㡣Ҳ᲻һȻɶҲĳ·ȥʵʱ޿ʹãֻټ޵ˡ
ԵģȴԶҶСϸֳһĨЦݡݰԪӤڴԲʱƣǾȻܹӵԵֵʿȷ̫ˡңΪֹûܵһ𺦣ǱԲֹڴˡȻҶСΪ֮ߺ֮һЩֱӹϵġݰҲǹδɣǵͻ治֪˻ǿʲô̶ȡ
ܹҶС˲࣬ݰȴǡ֮һ
ȻԵģܹݰͷǣҵҶС񣬵ҲδʧгһգлۼʶҶСԼµһƬأ
䣡䣡䡭
ոĶǸ㱻³˽ϵĽâȴǱԾɲɽһ˫ǳֵǱȭ¡ڵֵЩâͬʱȴڼٵĳ³˺īϿ
ԶԶģֻһͻȻѾƿ³˵нâһֱطâģֻһѪâұľоͺʱҪĶһ㣬Ѿ׼ֻһҪ£ȡ
³ȻѾǼֵǱϾսǿ̵ɽԱ˫棬ҲֻܹĿĳԼնٶȣҪӶݣҲѾԵīϣȻѾµķΪǿĿҲܹƣĻʲôܹסĹ
ʱ³ֻܹвţǰͻȻʿʲôˣʲôôǿս˶ǻһУһɱ˵ûκˡκζܹ赲ֵܹסķâֻһ񲻿ɵѪâ
Ȼһ֮īϸոռķȻٶȱն˷һ֮£ұ۵зȻ³˵ʺҲīϵĲ
˴ʱ³˺ī϶ΪԼʱ̡лںԼΪһʱ̰һԼǲĴ鷳֮⡣ı׼ʱԪֻȻܻʧٿͷܻһλᡣ
ʱ򣬴ҪԪֻʱȴŷ֣Լ֪ʱȻһǿʶСֽʲôɣȫĪʶǿȣԼԪѹס޷塣
ʱǲˣԭԼԵǿвǰˣһ֮ǰΪβ֣ףԭ˿ԸԼҪ֡
ѹס˱Ԫֻͺñѹס˱˵ĽԱһ㡣ҪôǿʶܹдԶ
һ̧ͷſԼǰ֮⣬ֶˡһǼһ֮ˣһȴڴʱ뿴֮ˡǵ档ǻΪԼܹԼӳȥƺԼıܵˡ
ʶ֮꣬ǰ굹ʵ⡣ܹܵס꣬ʵΪ֮вࡣ

ϸ֮УĸҶС֮ҲѹһѹȻ⡣ԼεﵽʲôطʱȴȫȻռˡ
³ˣλѣ
˵ģǱˣǡͬʱ«޵ıʿ㺡㺼˼ˣеǰٸнЩ֮伴ͬˣǰĶ֡û뵽ʱˡҿԺ˻ҪΪͬŵӡҶСȻûֱɱˣҲǿ˼˵սҪΪá⣬Щദ֮У㺶ҶСΪҲ˽⡣Եһݶڱ̲ĲҲѾʱűĥ˲١ֻǣټ⼸ˣ˵Ϊʱ򡭡
ѣô
һ˼㺣ʵ
˵
֪ɻ󣬱㽫ҶСΪˣ׽Ϊ£ԼԼЩȻȻ˵ĶʵʵʱְȴɣǱҶСȰġ
ƾҶСΪˣĹ鸽ˣԻһͬʣԴʲôƫġ㺵ЩʿʿĽȵ졣ԹҲûһ˿ˡЩҶСҲ˲ٺôȻʧȥԼΪҪˣ£ǵֵһööƷ׵ĵҩȴҲʵʵڵġ


Ķ ߷
ҶСԸȥ˵ˣԼǴֱӽ뵽ڡ
Ȼδκ쳣ڿǴݰʣµһʶ˿⡣һվҲνȫǶݰĲʶںãӦҲܹһЩˡ

һպ󣬴ҶСϴЩ΢Ц߳ҵʱһûѵȺ½뵽ҶСϸ֮еʿǡ
ҵȼǰС϶۲ʶ̩ɽǰǰŪˡлǰɱ֮
³һҶСվ˳˳İݵҶСѾǷʿȻ겻֪ҶС˶ٱһǰȴҪеġǼ㺻ͬҶС뵽㺵Ͻ򣬵ҶСַ⼸ȴԼԼȥƾҶСδȥռ˵ǼܲסǲϹ鸽ҶСǵʲôԣҶС뿪ϸΪģҶСȺ
Ǻǣλض㺶Ѹ֪λҲٶԡֻʼλһ䣬λԸ鸽ҶС񣿼뵽ڣ
ҶСü˹˳֪Ȼ³ɣʱ⡣ǰڣҶСȻڵݰʶںϵԽһ֣ƺһս֮УɳǸӰ죬ȴûзֵһ㡣ԭãڼԸ鸽ȻǸ⡣
Ȼǰ˵飬ҶСһ仰ȴҲҪ׶Լŵ
ҵȣԸµӼɣӽԺһΩǰ֮Ǵӣжģ
³˵Ƚһͬ˵
ãҶСãȡһ֧ƿеݵǰ˵ŵѣƿһö鵤޴˴Ʋᣬ˵ҩȻָ̻ôȴҲСȨµһǸⲹ
鵤
ҶС֮ԣǰƿЩԼ׶ҲЩԼĸ飬ʧ˵鵤ȻͨȷԦ֮ʿ֮ܹΪʿԼõļƷҩǾ󣬺ο鵤ѾƷҩרŸ޷õĵҩң鵤滹λҩҪǧܹҩ֮Ծ͸ӼӴƵѶȡ鵤һͷҲܹöѡÿһΣڵΪмЧҪ޵ʵΪ̶ˡʵʱͻȻ׵ڣҶСƵö鵤ֱӵĹϵһöʵҶСǰر鵤ʱʣµһöѡԼϸеļޣǹ޶Ѿö鵤Ҳʣ¶ġȴڴʱó
Ȼ鵤лǰҩ
һƿƿкȻһ֮ͻȻҪܳ±֪ⵤҩûǶмô鵤飬ֻнҩ֮еġ顱ʹڵ¯۳̬鵤ˡԣ鵤Ѱһԭ򣬱ʿҪ󼫸ߡڿ˵ҩ֮󣬲Ż˼Ҫȥ
༸Ȼδʶ鵤Ҳֵ֪һЩĽ档ܵ˺øˡȻˣܹõģֻҪһЩʱնѡеҩȫԭǣ鵤ȴѰ޼۵
һǷʿǸӵԼ֮ˡƽȻ˿Ҫʲôʲôһ½䱦ǣʵԼУЩȴܹԼôȴ֮١νֻǶЩԪӤʿΪ͵ʿ˵ġ
һǸΣȻܹ֧ԴöǶܹЩô֮ȴҲ֮ˡҲΪԭ÷ʿһöҩŻ˼ʧɫ
⿴ȥһʿǹҫˣޡʵȴҲΪܹ֮ԷʿЩô̫֮ϡٶաϾ羭һսأҲڲϵĻָУδϾЩĵر˵£ͳɵġѰ֮£ļƷҩֲܹġȻȴҶС±ˡ
ǰ󲻹Ƭʱ䣬ʿȴЩһǻصԼΪ£ЩͷԼʦǬĸʹǣҶǵָ͡оȻ궼δܹˡ
˵ģһԵû˿ȴֻ¶һֿЦ˵ı֣ɲ뵱Լոչ鸽ҶСµʱһ޶֪ܿ˱ҲͬԼ㣬ʵʵҶСˡΪֻҪΪɣΪҶС£ҲΪԼ¡
Ϊܿ죬ǶῴסЩǳưԵʿȻҪ£ʧȥõģȴʵʵڵģԼĪô֮ǷȥչԼΪΪĳԼϼʿɹȥ֮⣬ĻΪܹͨµΪԼıԴȻûֻԼȴֱӻƽԵõĶ

ҶСʵʮּ򵥣˵òһЩա˵ͨһЩǴһƸһ档
ʩѹʿкȻȥ˰òͷʩԴȻֻҶСҲûʲôܹôǰԼζԵõ֮˸ԸĸҶС񡣵ʱ򣬴ǰԹҲ֮ɢ
ȻĸƤҶСҲǻ֮ˣڸ֮౻ȹ鸽ԿĴ뷨֮н𵤺¾ĺʿҶСʩչԪơһǸл춯ҶС䲻֪ܵϸܹǰܹõġ
ʿҲ鸽֮ĵգҶСֱ˴ţֱ𵽴ǸԵҶСΪнӹЩɡΪҶСҪÿһɶҪϲٵʱ䡣ˣҶСбôнɳȥ
ҶСȻշɣڵʿļѾϰΪһɵļ룬ҲѾľ顣ʱӹ߸ȻҲûгʲô⡣ȻҲҶСȥġ
½鸽ɣҶСķʿһͬҶС˳ȥǴ뿪ΪĲȥɱ֮࣬ȴȥ˵ΧЩ


Ķ 
ҶСͬʱ֮շ߸߸֮ѾһɺǿʱǳҶСȰȻҶСѪеıԻø鸽
ȻЩʿõȻЩҲзʿĴЩСһЩȻӦʵʿǰȥ˵
ҶС꣬ҲһʱȻѾ˱«ޣҶСڴ˶շһЩҶСֻҪиһصģѾΪ˵׼пڼ֮оͽ׵ڡ٣ҲҪﵽСԲ硣

νӢۡħ塢Խǿ󣬴δй˶塢ħֽսķ߼ٺˡһ棬ħֵսҲٽǶʤһ֮жѾ¶ħټ֪ڤڷ˱仯ֱͨޣħҵĴͷ
ֻ˥ڸħеħ壬ħ֮еħȻﻹеֿ
֮Уڶʤݵİߴ֮һĶڣȴһʿѸ𡣴ëͷСӣʱ⣬һٽ׵ڣֲʮ꣬Ϊ˷ھ硣һٳΪʤ統ΪΪǿĽһĴڡˣȻҶСһͬ˵ת֮ˡֻʿѾٸֱȴ˵е䣬תΪ
ĳƺǴӶ֮дΪһЩ˿е֪Ϊε˿ȥֻһһ㡣ƫƫһȥ˿ûرˣһʩչΪԴﵽΪƸΪľ硣ΪһЩķʿӴ϶֮󣬱ᷢʩչκεܣҪԷǴԼͷţȫȫյеȥɡѾΪ֮һʹٿء
νȡȻﵽһԣľ֮⣬ΪҲֻԼѡҲΪرһ㣬ΪڼʿתΪٿҲȥɡ
ڱǶʤ֮еߴ֮һĲϳɳȻҲͽһĵ춨˶ڵĵλ
֪ΪԵʣΪת䣬ĶҲʼԭһ¶ʼת䡣һֵͬ塢ħֵͬʱﾳҲʼš
ɣԪӤʿǳǧ򣬲ʿÿһҲʮиǰڡڡڶСԵһֻһɣʵѾһ۹Ĵɡ㺵Ǹ֮С׼ףûʲôɱԡ
ʵʤݵߴҶСٶнӴǵ֮Ҳʶֻʱȴ֪Щ֮Уʵǿ֮˲ЩˡΪߵģЩЩ֪мλΪָߵʲôĳǡЩƽز¶棬Ͼȥ֮еϸѡ
ΪЩ̫ӴʷҲ̫ƾãʵҲѾ֪Ȼƽʱû˼ǸֹʿǾݴ׵ڵʱڶڵȴͻȻĸ߽ʿһͬƽܹд˵λģΪҲȥ

һ֮УҶС˾ڳڴ룬ȴһʲô
ڽ׵ˡ׻ǱҿһҶСԶľأ˵Ŀʵ
дʱҲڶڣȻδֳǰȥͲŮ˵𣬵ڳͬϯĹʮˡװϯλӦͬڣίɡϳɡޱˣš̫һƮڸһˡλһվ֮ÿһɶ˲ȡ
û뵽Щƽز϶Ǿһã׵ڣЩ˵Ӱ춼СȻȫˡֻǲ֪Щ˾ۼһڳıЩʲô
ÿһ޵м·ʿҶСʵ֪ڣЩѰʿ֪ϢȻһġ
ֻҶС֮ԣͻȻĬƬ֮ҶС̧ͷʱ򣬺Ȼ˵ȥǻضʤݣ
ǣ
ҶСһ䣬мʿӦ뿪
ֻ⼸Ҫȥʱľسһ̽ʵʦ֣ڱ«Ѿ൱ӰٻصʤǷ鷳һЩңмѾڿǷҪ鸽вʱգҲʦѾǷСԲ磬βȵͬ׵ںٻضʤݣ
Ǻǣٵȡ˵ʤݽʺ㡣ĴԼȺ֮Уʤַܵѹ󣬶ڵͻȻ𣬳״ߴ֮Ĺƽ⡣Ƕɻ񣬶ʵиѹʤ⻼ڱ«ҪշһɣԶҪǿ˲ҲԸ鸽ĵ⡣ǻصʤݣ⻼֮£ȻɻῼͶһΪɿؽΪѡ񣡵ʱ򣬲ȥϿ࣬ǿԻǰͶ
ľش˴θմӶʤݴһǰȥ̽ʿԼ̸ظ֪ҶСԼڳˡҶСЩȻһֱڱ«ޣĴ޵ʽȴȫȻģģɢڸĴ̽ʿЩʿֳΣÿһʱ˻ҶСߵض򡣲Щ֮УҶСΪĵǶʤݵİԱ㽫ԼΪģͶٶΪȺľദľҲڶԼʦִΪŷ̸֮ڲ˿ĲȻҲѾԪӤʿȴͬʿһֵù˳ӡ
ڶʤݵͬʱҶСҲڱ«֮ȵ
ڣҶСڱ«֮շĴСѾڴ֮еı«ʿжʮˣа³˵Ȱλʼշķʿ֮⣬ʮ˱㶼ҶСշķʿиһʿ
ƾһҶСѾЩɲ϶ˡҪ˵ģҲֻɲ޷ʿͬʱںʱ̫̣ȻûЩǧ괫֮еεѡ


 Ե·
Ǽʱ䣬һֱܵħѹĶʤݳȻݣΪħϽ
巽Ϊսߵƽ˸ѹȸ֮⣬ʧȥȴûʲôÿϧġΪһƬѾȫûһ˿
һΣҶСҪصʤݣҪȥĵطȻѾħռ˵ĳ򡣲ǰΪʤݸأҶСʱֱӵϾߴɵļżҪֱ㣬ھҪǼɴĶȻҶСڷҲûʲôµģȴδҪߵһĳ̶ȡûбҪȥ鷳
ʵԭڰǰҶСΪԼΪѾ㹻ʱ򣬱ǰ򣬴뵽ڤȥħѰҶԨȴȰΪ˸ܵħУΪǿĵˣħڴɵľӹһʵΪǿĵ֣֡ǡǵҶСڤУʶǸӡˡҶСѾʮˣȴδ뵽˾ȻѾħ˼ǿķѾǴﵽħ˧ľ硣
ħ˧ʵѾ൱ʿھ磬ҲͬһΪҶС֪˵ǿ֪˲δ壬ƾΪʶѾǿҶСֻܹ޷ĸ߶ȡ
ħᱻһ߬ס޷ѡҶС˶ԿҲòȥΨһܹԿһµģҲԼˡ

ı߾֮塢ħʿ֮һͻеʿڸԳ˳ȥ
ʱҶСŵͻȻһ֣漴ٶʧһ˲ֵʱսиոջڲһȴͻȻƾʧһħħʿħһԪӤʿոǶذһʱѷᣬѾʼ˵ʱڲСԼûнսҶСȴս
ʵҶС񲢷׽ȡģǸʿװʿԲͬΪԵģͷһʮرñӡһñӣ֤ݡʿ
ɷ˵ҶС㽫ħʩչ˳ʶֱ֮Ӵ֪̽˹ħءǶڵʿҶСǸʩչԪ֮׿һЩڶڵ飬Ҳ˳ȥϾǶڵʿպ˵׼Щô
ҶСʱ·ѣ˳ӡ֤ǰõ鱨ƺԼǰõ鱨ʲô졣ٶ·
պҶСһųΪ֮ءΪڳԵѹҲǲСֻΪֱսұʿƴֿδݡǾδݣЩֵĸȴҲСսδȫʧأȴҲһһĸӺˡ

֮Уһħ塢Ĵģɱʼ
ԣԡ
һұѾˣѪȴһֱû˼˵ֻһɾʿֱӽ˻δüڻһöƷϽ׵ҩ̧֮ǵϯǿħһ˫вɵ÷һ˿ĿͬʱȴҲŸľ
ģħӾɱһԮϵˣλʦܣֻеȵǵʦ֣չˣ
ʿ˴ֲڵĵҩǰƷҩڽʿ˵ʵ̫΢һЩžҪݽߵֻʣʦֵܣݺ˵
ãҵȾʦħһսұʹŨߣұʹߣ
ٿӦͼˣһϾѸˡǴʱҴҪ֪ǳʱʮһǵʦšڣǵʦԪӤʿȻЩʦֵҲֻʣ⼸˶ˡ
ͬһ֮гʿˣһӶʿҲ˵òˡŨɣɳʿǶѾĲСǵɳȥԮʿȴΪħʿأҲûпһԮĵЩһʼڿԮʿǣھҪˣҲѾˡ
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䣬һϵ£Ӣ棡ʦǣɱ
ʿݺݵĺ˳˵һɱ֣Ŀ˫ĿԲɣɺѪ˿ʱ䣬һɱ֮ͷųδ䣬ӰѾһ´˳ȥһ֧֮һ㣬ӭ泯ͬ쫷һϯħ˹ȥ
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ȻʣµЩǵķħһγɱҪǿʵ̫ѻʯһ㣬ǵͷ֪һʱ򣬷ûһųȫóԼĺݾĳɱȥ
ЩʿģǵԺֻһͷɱ

ʱˡ
ۼħۿҪഥһ㱡ֿΣڵϦʱҶС仰Ȼƽȴϸռ䵱еʿС
δ䣬ҶСϸѾ򿪣ĺ֮ͻȻ˺һһڵĴӵַɳһƵǿĶݹ⡣ңЩݹһȥͬյĻƷȺһ춼ǣ֪жٴʿͻȻ١֮⣬˲ŵǣЩݹһǿ̶侹ûһݹڼʮ֮Ƶġ˵ЩʿоȻûһԪӤµʿ
Ԯˣ
һʿвɵò²⵽ʱǶѾЩݹ֮ϵĽʿǻδɵЩʿѾʼϯħԿ
ܣԮҲǿơе㳲Ҳδظϵϰɣ
ܿ죬ЩʿԼеĲ²⡣
أˣħǣɣ
һѾʿͻȻٶȿϣһΪԵϣҲֳ˷ĵĿЦ

ԣΪ²ߣΪвߣԵ·Ϊϲߡ
ҶСʱ򣬶ѹǿнշʩ԰ʵˣǶչʾԼ˵ΪʵȴҲδ˵ķ롣


һ 콵
죬ķϣصһЩʿ֮ʣȴҪʼתķʽ
ҶСֻһɵշڣȴǽĿ֮ʷϡ죬ҪЩеʿ£ԼǵľǽصԼɵУȥӰǸ΢չֳԼӵбӻǵʵǲñȥԼ˵һɱԼ
ȻҶСԭĴֻǳ濼ǣǴԶԶһʿηɱʱͬΪĵȴҲĪӿһԼҲ˵ѪȻƽ統иɨǰѩĵͨ͸ԶսֻҪ漰Լ㲢ȥ͡ǱϾҶСҲһʿԶҲı䲻˵ʵĵ״ڵһֶһľԶҲ޷ĥġ
Ҳǵһ̣ҶСŷ֣ƽԼԼԼһİˣİˣһȺɵ˵֮ʱҶСܹ侲ǴԵ֮սʱȴǻĪӿһѪͲ
ܿ죬ҶСҲԼҲΪԼĵȻһɶľһԼѪŻվɣ
ҶСӰҪҶС񲻶ϵ׷ġԼѡĵҲȫԵġҡһ;ȻԼӿһѪҶСҲ˿ĲȥΡڣҶСҪģֻǾĻԼһǻѪ
΢콣Ȼ֡һ̣ҶСȻħΧʿԡ
£˴ұǡ
˵֮ʱ齣콣ȻħΧ
Ĺ⻪ħڽ֮нɱ촷ۡҶСڡ
ħûеҪҶСʩչ齣ĵزĿ꣬ʵȴѾԼԸһӵħһħҲеħʿУΨһܶҶСв֮ˡΪħԼһ˶ѣԣһҶС񿴲Ϊʬͬʱħһڵޡ
ԭֻڸ߿֮УһϷģ޳ֵ˼ڣҶСĳ֣ȴȫ̡
ΪɵŲٵħʿһֱаͨϢħߡ֮̽һʱᶼû㹻ǿԮԭƻͻһߣһʳҡܹһ˵׼ܹиõս
ڣȴ֪ͻȻֵʿǵǺηʥν콵Ҳ˰ɣ
ħһʬһޣδü룬ͻȻԼΧͻȻĽǻ齣ת˲㽫СжݷҶСҪԽͻסͬ׵Ĵڲʲô¡οҶСȻͬףʵΪѾԶˣﵽ˷СԲ硣
ڣҶСĻ齣ķɽȻһپʮűжƷɽʮűҲƷϽס
֮ʣȻñļмܣѾܹ֧ڱɱͻƽ֮һʱǻδҵ
⼸û֮ҶСȴֻǵԽɱˡһű𽣱ʶ۳Σűɽһ֣ǽʢֱǼħޡޡʬȥ
𽣽ҫ֮ʣȻ֮űɽͬʱһý΢һЩʱ򣬲ŷ־űѾ϶Ϊһһɫ޽ֱǼ˵Ϊնȥ
նɫ޽ҶСն֮֮ǿȻﵽ֮ҲܹüɶӰ
ɫһΪһֱƾļħʬķԱޱ̲֧˲ʧȥ˷֮⼸˺֧ŵķȴҲΪһ֮еһЩ΢֧ŵȱʧһӱòƽ⣬ʱ˥ʣµ˽ԲǷܿٶֲ˲㡣޵ҲѾٹ˲ˡ
նɫ޽һЧתͷǵڶһΣҶСȴֻҪɱһˣҪֱһɲǾͽ⼸˵սʱ
ҶСһ˲֮Ȼʩչһ֮ϲɫ棬һֳԼıɽûŽâҲնɫ޽Լ齣ֱǼɱȥ

ҶСЩħǸ߽ħޡʬս֮ʣЩһԶϸͶսʿҲȫЩ塢ħսšΨȱٵģҲˡϾսΪУȻһֱӻһ𣬵ǱϾҲΪ壬򲻵ѣս
ġ顱ȴû˿ֹ˼ɡһεĳ˯ѺƺͱøСһЩվ£һ׿ǾɢڽʯһĹԭĹҲøǰֻǺ棬ȴͬһĴڡħ岫ɱʱʱᷢ˵Ĺԡ
ٶ죬ǰһ˫У󿪴ϵնϵոŵֵ
ҶСԼ֪ܶԼϵʲôأܹһֱҶС񼸺ȫһľ硣ÿÿҶСΪҲ֮˯ȥ֮ΪѾҶСˡ
ʱҶСҲǼħʬսСȻ֣ᷢǰÿÿȫն֮ʣǰ㶼ɢһֵɫһֱʩչʲôܣһźǺڹתɫͬľϵ⻹ǵһγ֡ػʲôϵ
ԲԶһͷһ꺢ӣһԼλҪϼľ޸ҵšһ֪ƺ̫óսʱÿÿΣ֮ʣһɫ֣Σ֮أǼԽ٣ĵ롣
ӣǡոս׵ԪӤڵǸСޡƾﻹмܹôġڹ޸ոսԪӤڻεһ죬ĵĲˡΪССĹ޶Ȼˡ˽컹һ֩ģڣȻԼʲôޣӦӵ˻εǵȴûʲô仯ȻҲδڵ̬ʲôãƺǱȱЩʲô
һֱ벻ͨϾԼǻޣΪɶƫƫҲûлε


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ʱսģǺյȵҶСͬʦܣԼµĶʮʿԼһʿ뵽սС
˵ЩӴԪӤʿ͹ӴķʿѾ򼯺Ҫǿ౶ˡҶСҲѾʿϴڵ֮еԮܺͻҪ϶౶
ǿͻȻʿδ룬ħҲҲ벻һʤʤսȴͻơ
ȻҶСɳʿħҪҶСµĿɶԪӤڼΪʿһɾ֮ʦ̱㻯һ֧굶ݺݵĲ뵽ħĸ뿪ɨ굶֮ħС
ܿ죬ħӴͱ㱻ָ顣û˸߽ʿȫָӣûħʿҶСڶʿɱ֮һš޷Чĵֿ
ҶСĴһħƱǾ֡ڴָС֮󣬺֧ܿͬһһһСҲĨɱɾ
һһ򣬱ʮʱ󣬲ҶСŵʿȫʤȫħս߳ǰƽǧķΧһջʧȥص

һսнļʿ֮һҲǵʱҶСһʼ˳ʿ֮һսȻӽβֻǵħҲʿһӵ֮ɱɾħսѾ꣬ĴȫʤǵһμʶŸ߸߷֮еҶСǾ;η
ʿˮһеİһ񡣰кһԵʿż˶ݹ⣬ֱ߿յҶС˹ȥʱսıʿУѾΪ֮ˡҶС콵֮Ƴ׻ħˮ֮У˴ǵ治֪θлսһ⼸˱æڵһʱҶСлϾ仹ö֪
ȻҶСΪȴۼʶĽһǼԼһλʿصħѾɱǿֶΣ֪ѾǷʿеġȻǰ֮˵ķʿԼΪûһʵȴʵʵڰ
С޽ɡ㡢ۺݽǰлǰħסϽħַҵˮ֮У
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ҶСԺ˵ҿħܴشһʱҲٶȹһ֮
ڶԷļҶСȴƽࡣƺոսսʵ̫ƽһЩǱɱ˵౾ʿҲܹ˵õǵǼħҲʮѰ֮һ
ԭҶǰէһҶС֣бȻǰ쳹ʤݵһ֣֡շС򣬲һ֪ʲôĹȻǳĸľݽߵһɫ֡û뵽֮ԼȻƺ˲޴ԵеôԵңµЩʿһΪ֮ս֮ǿҲĿõġѾǷʿҲЩԲλࡣҵѾʿ˴սԮһֱδҲһǳʲô⡭·ҵѾʿʱפأֻǼªһЩǰһͬСһ¡˴⣬ĸʿԺ󲻾ñʱҵٺúðлǰ
Ǻǡǲȥʲôʱפˣǵˡɱǵʱפٺǧٱˡ
ҶСЦһ˵֮ʱѾϸ֮ţµʿ½֮ԼҲʿ뵽С
е˴ʱҶСڶʿǺͻȻ˺˿ռ䣬ͻȻսˣźȻˣԭӵԼĶռ䡭
ӵԼٵĿռ䣬ҶСΪ׸˶٣һ뵽˿ռ֮һŨʱҪ֪ھҶС񲻶ϵľ·һΪѾﵽ˶Ʒм硣ҲƷѵһε
ҶСһżҲȥ˵ʲôԼǶȥָֻ˼ͽʿߣ̼˶ѡ
˵˴˴о仰ɽɽ졣ľǾѾ˷ھ磬ʶ˶ѰʿδɫҲ޷
ǽʱʶʿԪӤʿǷ뵽һ㷢ﾹиӲĽںΪ͵ʿϸռ⣬ʿҲǲ졣
ովһսǾϸ֮ȴʲôûзһЩողսʿҲһûʲôرıֻ֡һصϸԷæµԼ顣ĴսֻһǳѰһ
ʵҶСµʿڴս֮󻹻˵Ȼʵһֱһֱڻδȶ״йءȻΪʹɲȶռ࣬ȴҲδûкôôΪʱֱᷢ䶯ǰһʱ֮仹ǵжԹϵǼȴͻȻ˱ͬЭսͬţʹЩʿϰ˸ֲҶСϸ֮ʱΪͻȻһɣͻʹϸеʿṹΪ仯
Ե˺ҶСµʿҲͶֲϰΪˡֻҪҳϱܵνøԴЩ֮ΪĹĶǶѾû˿塣


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˽죬ɲ׳ҶСħʿƵķǡǡӦԼɫҲʽĹܹ˿ٵķչ
磬ӵԴбҲǿʿ

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һȻҶСҲֱ̫һЩ飬ǻδüлȴĺ
ҶǰҵΣ˺ҵ¡ѻջأҵתҶѣ˵ҵȸм
ҲƿһйȻһöƷҩ±㽫ƿ𣬾͵һֻнڵʿǰ˵
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Сʿ֮иǸпǧ޷ҶС񵽵ײƴֵʲô硣ȻÿһʿһӾǽöƷҩҪ֪һսȻҲвٵħ޲սɵķʿռԵƵġʵû̫ΣգɱЩǼû˺ħʿԪӤڼµ޶ѡǾһսǾȻҲܹĽ͡ĴѾǸŵĻҪź֪١ǿֱԼ֮еҪôһöƷҩҪ϶ٵ࡭
ʵǰⰲеѾСʿĿе֪˲ٹϸռ֮е𺳻δƽôһ̼Ŀɿڴһⲻɵ¶˳
ˣ֪֮һսԪӤʿĽǺ
޽ɺȻǷʿƷҩö֪ԪӤʿЩʲôɵúʵһ˵Ҳ
ǰ͵Ļ˵׼ˣҪ˵ս˵ˡ²⣬ǰָӦսвЩҩɣ
ԭⵤҩĽͣʹ͡޽аȣȴæ˵֪ԪӤʿսʲôΪʱ֮ã
Ǻǣ뼸λǰеһһöƷҩ
СʿŵĿ⣬ЩԵõЦЦ˵

һСʿ֮ԣС޽ɡ㡢ۺݽ̳Ĭ
˵ʱ˵Ǿѽ˴԰һɡҲ벻飬ôӲİǰ̼ǡ
΢תвźȻѹִǰǸǵĽСʿöƷҩΪʹ͵ʱСʿ²ЦˡЦݵζ
ҲǣСʿ֮ԿʿһǰѵҩǶԵģʿӦľƷҩСʿէһȥѰ棬ʶϸϸ̽ᷢʵ츳ѣ껹ʮ˾ӣպȻǸѰʿܹõԴˣǸոոǼöƷҩСʿóҲֻǰǼ˵ӶѡǵʱǼ˻ΪǸСʿʲôĪĶݣ֮һģѯϸռ顭
ڼ˵ǰһƽǸὫĽʿǰƺȴǰһصĸоһĸоüѾǾþµϼһǶƽ

ѣҵһҶǰ֪ɷæͨһ£
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޹֮ʿ˴֮ԱҲԵ𽥳
С޽ɡ㡢ۺݽݼţ
һ̳֮һݵһ̳֮㿴ڻֻԪӤΪܿ㷢˲ͬΪɢȣȻҲ޷ġȣôһΪ͵ʿɢġָоͺǵǰŵһߴޱȵľȻǲòͷ­ĵ˳λ߶λȻȻĸоǼҶСʱʵҲָо⻹Ҫǿңֻ֪ҶСΪԶʤҲδʲô쳣̳֮ҲˣһжɵúȻ
һᣬ̳֮λѣ
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λѵ˶ʱ֮δü԰ݷã뼸λĪҪ֣
ֿ̳֮һ䡣ΪţϵĻȻ˵ñҶСҪרҵ
˵ﻰҵҵˣֵôǵҩѾܾݣ֪θл
ǿһðд˸ЩģЦһЦ㹧˵ţˣи֮룬֪ܷӦ
뽲ĳΪ

гһ£ǲ֪˵ڡϾҲ֪Լ˴ʱЩôߵζһԷпܻԼġ


 
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üʧɫ̳֮һת˵ǵҩһµû⣬λԵƬ̣ұ͵λ
ҲǴãϷʿлˣɴ˴δұ
ѿˣЩҩѣλǰӦҲĲСץʱһ¡ڴ˿ɲ̫ͣõġ
Ҫߣ֪Ҫȥδ
һҪߣһóȻ˵˵˲ŷԼðʧ˼ȥ׸
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˼̳֮ͻȻ˵ЩǵͷӦСҶСʮǰһֵʵ̫ΪʿôûŹ
ּ̳֮˵ֻһСɣһǰλһλֻҪǶš֣ǴܻĴڡڲʮ꣬λٿ֮ƣ統УҲЩϰʮͷɿɱˡŨԴʿڶࡣܹʮд˳Чıǲϵʶ֮ʿɴ˴ٻصʤݣΪıս֮УΪսҵʿǿһ֮һεսǡ·Ҷϲļ䣬ͣѡһʿϣҪٶ·ֱȥ
̳֮Ļ˵ĲޣҲ˼ҪΪбĻҲţǴ˴ɵƺҪһЩСſԣȻҲûбҪȥǰˡһ̳֮֮ԣжһĪʵЩʱϸռ䵱Уͬ׵ʿܹӵбǺĴһȻޱȽĻᣬôԸֻǣǸԶɲһɢ޶ѡ
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ԼһţԼܹ֮ˡȻ٣ÿһ˵Ǽϡ
ǺǣɵԸ⣬ҵǻӭģֻ˺ɵѵɾͲٴڣһˡѿҪ
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⡢⡭ɵˣҵȿô졭û룬ֵܹһħ
ѣϺܿҲѲ롣պΣҪλˡѾΪɵӣպһжҪɵİţԼ޷ġ
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޽ɡۺݽ˼һͬʵ
ʱ򣬵ֵʣµ˻ƨһļˡк㶼һţԼʱġǶ˵ɵȴţǶȻȨСҲ޷˾һʱ֮伱ò֪Ǻá
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޽ɡۺݽ˻תͷ̳֮˵ţ֪ɻڴͣãţʵҵȶҲֻǴ˵ȴ¼޷Ҫصͬ顭
Ҫ֪ЩһƽضǼΪ߰ģ˭ܹġοЩͷ֮еʿҲʶƽصĴԼҲһܹȵɵİٷ֮һ
ԭڴ˴ͣһյġڿҪ뿪ˡϾݵļ룬Ҫǰȥԭ֮պŻ뿪򡣡
ֱ̳֮Ե
ǺãҵҸˣȥѰɵڣ
һ䣬޽ɡۺݽȻһʱˡԵİкһۣĿ֮оǸָӸ顣תͷȥ
ϸռƽʱҲвʿҪ˳룬ЩҶСҵ˰취üΪԪӤʿŴϸ֮ŵԿסνԿףʵעҶС·ˡԽϸ򿪣˳롣ԣ޽ɡۺݽȥǲҪȥҶСϸռĴˡ

һ⣬̳֮ոߵǰδ˵ҵĴѾ򿪣һӰ߳ˣȻҶС
ʦܣ֮Ѿɹ鸽ǸżӣʵȵǿӲҪôպõö࣡ʵ룬밡
̳֮ݻһģһ죬Ǻֻص˵ǸͷԵ̳֮λıְҶСǰ̳֮ҲȥװʲôȻ¶


 
ǺǣգɣŴѶɶӵ
ҶСȻһЦ˵
ʱ˺ɶۣ˿ɲǿҲˣ
̳֮һЦ˵ȷʽɵȷǧѷꡣٶȥò˶ãǱԱЩмʮľͷˡĻø࣬ϸռ佫᲻ţҶСΪҲһҶСΪǵʱҲøۺһγԵѭɿ޵ȥ

һպҶСŰиոҪ뿪Ѿȥ¥գݽߵ˶ɵʱ򡣺ȻԶһȺʿŶݹ⼫ٳǷɳ۹޽˵ͬţҲԼѰҶСǰͶϵġ
ְգҶСʿڽݴʵʱһǡۺݽҲ˵ͬţǰͶϡ
ˣĴ롢ݡڷ塢Ȼȫ鸽ɣһ򼸺߳ɵѾΪҶС֮½գȴвٴССǰ鸽ҶСϸֻҪգšϸ֮еÿһռ䶼⣬ԾСɼ룬ȴɵ¡
ҶСصʤݲաһħĴսȫʤͽɻ˲ʡǱѪе˼ԼջᡣٶȣҲδңɽЩһ϶ÿһʿϣ뵱ЩŽ˵أȥıǵ̬ȴǽȻͬġ
ʩֶΣС⣬ҶСڱ«ѾӪĲСƣصʤݵͼڡ
µЩʿһҶСҲǸаҶС񲻽ΪȻ츳ѰĹƵжϾҲЩþµϼһȫܱġ

ڵҶСѾӵ˼ǿƣҲ͵͵ʮһεħս׽ħԼС鸽Уȥ˿統дȥҲˣҶСԼɳ˴ʿɢ򣬽ͷø
һʱɵǳһޱޱȼ޵Ĵڡ
ҶСδ뿪򣬱ѾԴʿĽԼĽҲʶһɵƵ뷨
ҶСȻȻģΪѡȥļƻ·ԴȥӹǸǧǰͶϵԼµ
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ǡʱ򣬹ɵĴٶȴǵĶС󲻾ãɸֱǵߡۿһɼ뵽ڣʱм뵽ڵʿ£һƴֵģʱҲз
ڵȻԶͷȻӪ̬ҲͲͬǰһ㣬رų˷磬˵ɵĶռϽȻޣܹ޵ʿԺ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͽֹͣյӡֻһȫĵطԴһ֮աǸʱЩʱûüʿҪҲûˣ
ϹŴʿԼϸռ䣬ԶĴ˵ŹһңɼĴ˵е飬ڣȴȻ֣ƺǰĻᡣԼסװߡպɾǺĪˡ
вϵƣɻʵȫǿκһɵĴܿɱһֿȵܹ֡뵽ڣѾ顣

ԴҶС˻ع鵽ʤݿʼҶСһ·СӴ󣬶ҽȫض
ڲϵţҶСϸռҲڲϵšϸռţĲ࣬ҶСΪҲڼ
ҶСȻصʤ࣬Դǰʼɵһһ㶼ڱ˰עšǰһֱûʲôԵĶҶСҲδȥܡ˵Ҳ֪ЩȻڰЩɵ
ʱʤݵֶڷżı仯ֱ仯ٶȣʷ綼ٳֵġ꣬ҶСѾʤݿ߾ֱַܵв߳ɡҲ˵ڰ⣬Ѿû̫ȥֵħһԲεĶʤݣҶСһڳԵһ飬ñΧİֱһ¶˳ǡһ¶ħֵķ
ɵĲţһԶս뵽ҶСϸռ䵱Сڰ֮Ҳһɷչĸӿ١ɣԭʮӴĶڣԭڰߴɵоִţߡͻȻ𣬱ӽһĵ춨λá֮䵽ʲôϵҶС̫ҶС֪Ϣ֮ȴó½ԶΪϣһӶڵĺ˵֮ʵ࣬Ҳ֮ɶӶڵĺ
ڶʤ֮Уֻ߸ͷȻиĴСɣʵΪЩɵĸڵġԼԴʤΪ֮Ȼ̲ռ˶ʤݵɣԴȴռ߳ɣռݵԴǰ߳ɡĵߴɣռʤݵԴ
ν߶ɣһıʡϽ֮Уÿһ޶ˣռűĵطȴռ߳ҵԴΪĵԴȴֻеļͷ
ҶСŵͬʱԶΪ׵ߴҲʼԼšԭߴǲֱ̫ӵĹϽΧЩǶȥֱӹƣھҶСչԽԽʱǵĴ̽˳


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ڰߴɣɵȻ̫СϾߴɾǶʤ漯ŽĴڣȻδֱӹʵΪھǶͻֱӹȴҲûа취ϾɵʵڶʤݾеҲ޷ԿġҪȻҲ˳˳ˮҶСҪ
ҶСŲͬߴѡЩֱڵɿʼʱ䣬ҶСȻеսвɶΪСɣȴҲѾǰߴֱӿơ

һ֮УҶС̳֮ԼҶСǰɵʿڳ
ʦܣ⾻ѾһûбߴƵ棬Ҫžûôˣ
̳֮Ļ֮в֮⣬ȴû˿ǣһڴһ㡣
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˵ģǡڼǰոս׵ڵĺǰղŸոճضѡ⼸ɺƾߴڱһ㣬ֻҶСһֱǾѡȥֱԿĲԡѾߴɿƣҶС㲻ȥǸɵ⡣
ϸռ䵱Уһ켸ɱ統ʮագ񾭹ƣһȻĥҲǸóʣһԷâʱˣǰϷڱ«޸ɵԪľҸҶϣҲ࣬ϷΪȴҲͻƣ꣬Ϸʱǧ갡ǧգñһʱֻҪҶϡһ£ϷԸȷ棬ΪЧ
˵ģǡǰҶСڱ«֮ɵһʿڽ׵Ժ㺱ͻƣֱҶСϸռ֮СƽҲʱҶС񽲾۵ҶСԷǳԶ⼸Ȼʱж̣ջȴǲСжҶСȻǸһ˵˵
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ߵĻһ䣬ʿͬ˵һʱ֮䣬һʿŵﶼһĽɫȴһѪڵͽһ㡣ߺһɺսȻɢ
ҪﻵĿɲֻһʦ֣㿴Ȼ鸽һξֱˮߴɵצһϸ˰ɣ
֮ۻ룬ͺսȾ⼤ĶԸλһֱЦҶС˵
ҶСҡҡͷ󣬶Ժ˵ʱǻǲȥˮ򣡡
ⶫʤȻûһߴС
ҶС֮ԣǺҲв졣ôõĽӴ֪ҶСǵС֮ˡȻ֪ǱߴСҲδ¹ɵġҪչҪôҪߴһҪôֻܹȥĴˡ
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ʱȴҶСͻȻۣ˵Ұѻꡣڶ֮ʱԪӤΪ֮ʱѸ뵱ڵĳħΪУӵ֮һֵҵȾ£һֱȥߴԿߴɡˣ躹޶ѡνѣһˡѣһɳ죡ߴɼѱȵҵ·಻ȥܡһΣҵȲȥǾˮ򣬻κһһӬͷСһΣɵĽ棬ֱָǰֱָߴɣ

Щ䣬ʤҲħĹʧ˲ءЩʧģȴǱҶС֮ЩȻݽ˵ȻȥʤⳡսûмĹ򣬾ʧ˲ٵأʵȴûбħᵽʲôĶģȴǽħѹ˳շɵҶС
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ħ֮սΣѾҶСĹϵ󡣶ҶСìͷȻת˰򡣲ҪֱǰߴɣĿǰʵȻЩ㣬ͨΧԼһͻƵڣʱԼӵֱߴɵʵ
ȻչѸ٣һֱߴɵǰʮֵ͵ȥļκһѾߴɿƵɡҲйѾߴƣȴ뵽ɵɣҶСȴȻܾˡ֮£һҲΪԾʮּɵߴɵġ
ɾˣûһõһֱƶߴʮֹ˳ɣȴͻȻͷݺݵҧߴɡ

Ķݹϯת˲֮ķɽ¡û˻ɴķһ˲һɱѾ䡣ӷսҲƬ̶ѡ
ҶϣԴ̶շߴʿֿڻ֮УԴ̶ʿ߳ɵͽʿ齵ȷʿȻս
ҶϣͨȻ齵ߴʿʿ齵ͨʿųɹ齵ʣһΪսʼ֮ʱĵͽʿ
Ҷϣɹ齵󣬲˿ֿ򿪻ɴ齵ߴʿϲѱʿնɱ˴Ϊߴʿʬʾģ
һʿҶСǰһ˵ֻ꣬һ֮һƬ֣ɢ֮ʣʮʿʬֳ֮
һж˳˴ԽӽҲҪˡ
ҶСƺԤϵһ㣬ƽ˵Щʱδ֣ϾԼµѾǿˣȻͬʱɣÿһɱԶʤʮֹÿһһ˳ơȴģ˵ģڰ


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շ֮һʿֻһʿġÿƣԶʤڳЩ߽ҶСȻʼְ࣬ת֮ɣȽ׵ҶСѾշʮĸСһЩΪ˵̫СһЩҶԲ㡣
ΪҶСĶʵ̫һЩÿÿһɴӱ乥ƣݽҲǼʱ䡣ڶǼԽһЩһͬһ·ǴǰߴһֲҪʿȥֵϮǸؿշ֮ʣҶСڴʱͻȻֱϮһƿ˲ֱӲ˰ؿڡ
ҶСƾԼϸռֻҪԼƶɲźۼĵƶñٶȿκ˶ȲõġԾħǿ󣬰ʿҲֵܹƫƫҶСȴ޷Ľ̡
ңҶСһУǸһָ׳нʱѾȥ֮࣬еʧأҶС֪ߴӦÿȥֻΪԼ̫죬ӦˡһΣֵʱıᶼǸ֡Ҳ֪ҶСʵɵѰɫҲѾ޷ҶСˡ
λ࣬ʱȣλҪ콫Ǹɽӹܣҽʿϸռ䵱ưãɵһȫϣʱ֮еĶѾȫ뵽ϸռ֮С
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ʦܣҲиµ鷳̳֮첻޵ĵ˵̫٣ϸռȻҲ֮ţ֮Ѿʿٶȡ֮󣬱û̫ˡԺ󣬿һɣ㲻ܹʿȫգֻѡ츳ѵĲʿˡ
Ǻǣʦ᲻֪ͷȻֱصǸʱʦֵǱȻʧˡ
ҶСĪһЦ˵
̳֮һҶС֮ԣЩɻ󣬵ǳһ˲󣬱ȻһЦ˫۷ŹĶҶСʵĪǣʦҪˣ
ڽ뵽֮ǰұѾﵽСԲ磬ѾͻƵļͻƾڽաҶСͷ˵˵ֺ꣬Ȼʲôһ˵ˣǰ棬˰ɣ
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ҶСͷӦȴ˶ǰԼܷܷһֱΪƻԪĵһλҩμ״ʱĳ˵ҶСҵһϵŮٴȴǽˡ
պҶСȻѾɵ֮мÿһɵҪҪ࣬ҶСϾҪ׵ڣʱһĲ࣬ҪҲǼΪӴġԣȻҶСѾܵҪףȴƫƫǲôһͻһ

һպҶСˣȻϽ⡣ҶСǰȴǵأ߼߼ʵʿ֮ʿѾܹӵеҶСõߴɶɵһ
ȼƣѾ˿ħˡߴǲٴҶСټչȥˡ
ǰǧҶСһȴ̫ࡣҶСǧɵ󸣬ͷв֪ж೤ĺڡͲ󣬽ɸߣɢϢȴ˿ҶСҲ࣬ǡǾէһȥѾǻĿҲڱչ֮СֽڿͬѰʿһͷҶС񶼲ֻרǡ
ԵģҶСһſ߰ʮʿȻҶСһ߳ʮˣʮȴÿһɢֱϢһɹѹɢ۵һ˿ǰǧһʿɢơΪʮ˾Ƿʿ
ʶҶСһóݣȻ٣ǸһĽɫκ˿𾪲ѡһڶʿǣһҲɵõǰҶСûɵʵչֳû֪ȻѾӵǿʢ˭Ҳδ뵽ҶСշЩɵͬʱȻѾշ֮ķʿΪһЩǿɣ紫Щ߽׷ʿѡȴһǰѣǳΪҶС¡
ֻǰȥһֱɵǰɣҶСͣͬʱڶҲɳһʿҶСδֻĿһɨѾҲǷʿ
ҶС񣿡
ԶԶģ˱㿪ʵȻҶССȴ˿ɵϾҲǷʿѾ֪ꡣ֮ʣڳʿδ̥ء
ҵʿںδ
һ磬ҶС㷢˸ֵʿ󣬱ңЩʿȴδһӡʿ˵ǲܹȫѾǷڵ峤Ҳڴ˵ġ²⣬ҶȻǷʲô⡣һڣҲǲơ
ߣίɳϡɳˣСŹϷţ
Ȼʸ֮ˣɾһ֪һԷ˭뵽ҶСȻҲǷ˳ȴ˭ûһ䣬һȫģŭҶСʣԼš
˭Һθɣֻ㣬ҵʿںδΪδһˣ
ƽʱҶСʿΪ֪ҶС᲻ͰѶԷΪԼʿԶ̫񡣿ڣҶСδҵʿڳоЩĸоöԷίɣҶСо͸ǲˡƮĹУɾίɵϪʿѹҶСЩ޷
ҶС񵱳ܹȳʵһֱҲҵĶ顣ܷܷԼԼʾãȻܷܷĽ׻˵ҩʵԼȴδʧȥʲôûܷܷĽףԼҪȳҪϲ֪ٹ򡣺οȻܷܷ࣬ҶСӡҲһֱһεĽ֮Ȼѡ


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˵ܷܷԼսһ룬ҲǸֵ˽Ϊֿ֮ˡ
⻹峤¡ʵҶСҲ֪Լȥʱ¶ܷܷԼӦҲ֪ȻȴɷԼȥڵʱԼѾĿʮӴʯʹʱ˲ٵá
֣ҶСԼУδǡԼ˵أȴδһˣ᲻ŭ
ڰ˶֪ҶСǵҲСŮܷܷ״֮ˡȻѾȥ꣬ҶСҲŻص򣬿ǵʱʱΧ˾֪顣䣬ҶСԽ𵤺ΪսʤԪӤʿһսڰ򴫲˿ҶСΪĵģһΪԼĹϵߴɶ䲻ѾǷΪߴǰҲǲֵһᣡ
أСȻίɽӹܣʿںδθɣµıŮǽչ齵ұǱ˺ۡȻǸҲס㣡˵ˣǸδŵСӣҲҪίɵϱʦֶȥδӣԼѡ񣡡
Ƿɳ˻ҶС˵λȻҲǲ͵ġʵҶСѾŹš˵Ҳһ࣬޵Ĺ֮֮ν֮Ϊó¥ʿƽȹЩ츳ƽʿΪ׬ȡʯķӣ޵ĵǼΪȴһ߳Լͬĵ·ΪѾǷڣҾݴίɵߴɵĺļɽϵ¥ȵȽһĽɴˣҲɼ֮֮ߡҶСǼʶġǵȽۻ׳ۣ侫²۴С⡢ϸǳһ֣֮˵ȥ˭ţ
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Ϸɳ˵ɰڣȴδһ˾סΪһɳˣҪķסҶС񡣽ܻίɣ
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ۼҪУҶС±Ҫٶ˲뿪ʱȴͻȻԼ˲֮ȻʧЧ
˿ϷɳǿǲܹҶС˲֮ԼһΧ֮ڶ޷ʩչ˲֮ڣҶСȻǾѾΧ֮У
ʵ˵ҶСѾǷСԲ磬Ϊɳ˻ҪࡣȴһʼˣǡǡӦһһｵһʱҲҧ󣬱ǡ
ȻҶС˲֮޷ʹãжݷȴʹá±µĶݹһһ֣ҶСαֱ·ȥ
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ۼҶСסԼķɳ㹻ĵķɳȻֳһĨԵõЦ⡣漴ҪϷɳǳ׽ҶСշ
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ҶС֮Ե˴ʱȻм˼֮ơΪֻ֮Ϊ̫ⷨϣ侹ҲһʱЩֲˣ˰ԵķҶСƽͷһμʶ
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ۿϷɳȻһƬҫ֮ԽԽСۿֻСߴɵʿһнǻϲΪҶСҪܣаȻҲСȴҲ˶ѡ档
ڷɳ˵ϵЦŨʱɵڷʿһڵĵʱ򣬺Ȼֲ֪ʱԵȴͻȻʧˡ
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ܹ˼֮еľʱ˱㶼һĻֻʮɳâҶСǰȴһǧɳ콣âǰԭŭǴǧɾ޽ȴͻȻӰһһ֮󲻸ʵĻû˱״һĽ֮󣬾ꡱһϳأ
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ϾȻǷھ磬ҲǷڶѡ
ΪЩʿÿһҲͽôˣƽضص̫ҶСȻһֱעŸڵĸϢҲֻܹ֪ôһȴδʶ


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ǰҶСģǴһ˻Ҳ֪Ǻˡ֮ģҶСԭеһֹת˲šΪǶʤݵڷ֮УҶСĶԸģǡһλӵ޵Ԧʿ
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ΪҶСͬһԪһ˵ĸоҲǷʿҶСһ޶ʵЩ껹ԶԶδ硣ȻΪ޷Ϊ֣ӦҲԪӤѡڣԸȴκ˶ʺϣ
Ҳ˫֮ڸ߿֮УȴҶСתǿӰһҶСԡ
˻һŭݣǴ֮ʣȴȻܵһɴδܵĸоһɿ־ϢΪҲǸͬܡǶԵ֮ʣȴ˲ĸֻǷʹ
ȻƣȴҲԼıܡñ̫ǿ֮ʣϵʹҲ޷ãˡ
˿δɵҶСҲδƺδʼ֡ʵϣȴѾʼ˽Ͼ
ɵȴվƺڵȴóĲǰγŵĴֱӽһɾʱ򣬺Ȼ˫üһ壬֮˫Ŀ֮һɫ⡣
ţһεϢɢһϢ˻޷ܡΪвٹϵĺȴǸܵΪֱӡһϢԺڣȴҲúڵһʶȥֵ
ˣǱֱӶŵȻӦ͸ԡȻʱȫȻٽһȥͺǺʹȴֻҡͷ­Ĳڽǰһͣǰİɾ룬ԭصĲĴҡͷš
˺һҲʶ˲±㽫ȫ˫Ŀ֮˸ȻѾȫʩΪҪԪȫȻ˵Ĳ֮£ȻĲֻǺʮּһƴϢţ緢ϢҪ۳ɻһ

һһٶȺݺһĴֱٶ죬ɾ벻һգ۵ʱ䡣
ȻܵϢӰת˲ֱҧһŴڼѾ̵ճҺ͵ǰ
ɾڴʱȴȻҲһȣһ˲ֻͻȻһ̾ŵģǧɸߴӰʱвܹӰǺһǿѹȴأɢ
ٿʱں󲻶ϵʹȴȫʹﻹиո֮ʵ͡׺ƣһֻ߷ɹȥŵò˿춯Сһ˲ӣ˫۲ȥβҲ˻ԼΧ
ƽ޵ﻹյ磬һͷ˾ŵС޶ѡһʱ䣬ڳ˲֪ô£Ҳɵۣ
ٿҶСϣȴԳһĨЦݡΪһ嶥Ĵڣһ壬Ϊͽ׵һȽ׵ĴڡΪȻӵλ߶λߵĲΥַѹĴδĶ֣ȴҲɲ˿춯һߵ̬ԸλߵĽηĿĵףӡġ
СʱȻûвǸ޵мͣҲѹס̫ãҪץʱ䣡
˵
ҶС񲻻ػֻһͷαѾԭʧǡȻжݷĻʩչ˲ּ֮ΣѾǷʿ˵ǰ
ȻǷڣûзɳǰ㾫ĶҲ˲֮ҴǰþȫҪµûĿȨȻܵҶСͻȻٻһرϢǼǸӰ֮󣬱Ѿ֪ڵ״̬ûܹ˺ԱĪܽȫգԼԪȡ֮ʱԼȫ塣ȻҪٵȴԿ˷Ŀ־塣
ҶСݵ˶ʱ䣬£Ҳͬһʱ顣ת˲Ѿ˵ԡ
һֻ棬һֻŽָ֮ĳӰ֣֮һǧɳâķɽͬʱ֮䣬ǻ齣ҲҶСҲһ˹
û޵ʦû˷ɽĽ޻Ҫ˴ǰδʶҶСսȻ֪ȺȴҲδ֮졣ΪҶСĽոսס֮ʱѾٻһͷɫ޹꣬Ǿ޹һ㽫֫뵽˾޴Ĺ֮УֱҶС˹ȥ
굹ǺأȻԼΪǿĹΪȥ
ֻһǡǱǵ⻹ҪѸݵĿȻұһ󴸣һ±㳯Ǵȥ
ֻһȻδǾ޹ĹǣȴҲǾ޹һ»˳ȥֱ˵ķ˹ȥ
ƺǾ޹ķӦΪٶۣȻ˻ȥȴûʲôӦֻԼĹ˹ȥ
Ȼ죬ҲӦ֮±ֻһֻ޺ףǾ޺һһণֻ֮צһץӲĽǾ޹ĹץצСٶֺ
ҶСո˲Ƶʱһ˹ģ˶սȴҶСΪڵġ
ȻǾ޺׸ոճ֮ʣҶСĹҲֻ֮һâһֱǾ޺׳Ĳն˹ȥ


 ֶ
޺һֻ˵ֵǾ޹꣬˼ȥ˼ҶСͻĹȻѪƮһѪ꣬Ѫˮ˵Ļ棬ʱ㱻ǻɾԶԶģǺͷֱԶ˳ȥûзɳԶѾҶСĻ齣ʵ÷顣
һȻꡢײԼıޣҲѰɼʲôޣȻױ㱻˻ܡ޺׾ȻӲնͷ­ʹѣϧѣָо治ʧȥԼİͽܶ١
˻ڰϧԼޣȴδ뵽ԼҲҪ
һ˲ҶСαٶһ֮˵ԡ˵ĻȻǿҲǿķɣ
ƾɵĻɴȻסҶС񣬺οһ֮Ļ⡣ȻҶСֻצһצץ˹ȥһ˲ǻ⾹Ȼ汻ҶС˺һһ֮ϵҲǶȻһʢ
ˣȻǴʧɫδ뵽ҶСǽκԼãȻһצץԼĻ⡣ƺĻⲢδѣֻǱǻһһ±ٶ䵽֮С
ҶСݵٶȲȱڣȻֻǷ룬ȴҲ˿˼ʩչ˲֮һ±㴫令֮СҶСոս룬һȱҲͱֲˡ
ȻֻһССĿӣǶҶС˲֮˵Ȼ㹻ˡ
ո˲ƽ˵Ļ֮УδȫҶС˫ֱȻֱ˵ͷ­ȥ
ҶСΪԼҪ֣ǲ˾ȻͬǾ޹һͷ­һԼĲ֮СһĻǴΪҶСϡ˾ȻԦ֮ﵽܹ޵Ϊõľ磡ǱҶС뺮ǩԼҪġΪֻҪ㹻ľ޵Լ޵ʩչҲ޵ʲô֮ࡣ
˵ٶȿ죬ҶСٶȸ졣
һĿգҲջأ˫ֺʮգشֱ·ȥ
֪ҶС֮ȴ벻ҶС֮ǿʲôز
ҶСΪǷھ磬Ӧ徳ʵҲͬȵģǡھ磡ȻûʲôȴҲֻһȥȣȻӵпɽѵصˡ
䣡
ҶСһνֺֿݣҲ޴ܣֻ䱳һ׵Ĺֳǹ׻δȫ۳ͣҶСѾص˵ϡ
һ£Ҫͷ­Ҳûа취ˡ
˵ΪȻʮʵҶСһأȻĿһֻǼٳ·˳Ʒ˳ȥ
ҶСȴ˾ԼĹһ̽һĪǡǡҲΪǿܡ˵ֵҶСһǲܣһʱһ㣬ҡ˻˳ƷɳȥҶСĹΧȴδ뵽ҶС񾹻Լץء¾Ҫ̽ͷʩֵ
ǣ˵ͷ­δ̽ʱҶСıɽҲնɽһ˱ϵĹӰ±㱻Ƭɢ֮СҶСһ˻˫һץסļһ̱˫֮ͻȻȼɫ棬˵ļ㽫
ˣҶСȻҪκεĹֻǿɷپһе𣬱Խɱ
˵˵ҲԸԼԼ˸ǣȴ뻹δѾ˻𣬺˴ʱҲаûڣ֪ˣ绽Ǿ޺׵һ˫޳ᣬ٣ƴȫѡ
ȫǣΪ񣬴ʱҪķҲѾǲܡ
ܿ죬˱Ѿֵסʴ˳˵ֵס㲽һֱ̽ڣ˳ھ˹ȥһ˲䣬˱ͬһһԭѩ׵뷢ɫĻ粻֮Ҳ緢ɫŨһ档
Ȼעķ֮£ԪҲһ޷ӳ
ջԼԼĻ齣ʱĽ˲ɢ١
ǣ֮еһб㶼ֱ׵չǰ
˶ĿһĻֻзڵҶСϾڸ߿֮УϲʱһĨ⣬ǡǣʱȴѾˡЩɵҶСҲ޷
һߣһɫ棬֮вצҪ˻ȴˣ
˭˭ӮȻԡ
ҶС˵ûĶֻۿղһӣ統Ҳ˵÷ʿ˾ͱɫ׷ɵӲһ
ɱʿʿ˶ˡҶС񲻽սǳֶҲ쳣˼ʿ֮սʯһ˲ѾӮߵȻħ֮սͽˡ
˵УǿķʿսĶأֳ̱ʤҵҶСģһ޷£ʿΪǿıֻҪд棬㲻أʿȻûʲôرˣһڣȴûһ˳
ţǰһжչʾҶСĿֲ
ʱŵѾߴɵʿǡɵЩʿҲһжҶСһµʶգǹ̸ƽʿȻˡ
ɵãһۼʶһĻɷʿǣжţԼѡҶСͬһӪ
ʿ̱ɱڷڵʿҲɱߴɵʿȻ˶ڣǴʱȴѾûһ˸춯
ʶҶСֶΣʱʿĬҷκһ졣
ڣŻȼյڱȼյûһһ̣Ҳɢ
˴ӦòҪˡСƺҲй˳֮ģԺҲˡ
£ǰһɫѷ죬֮㻺С
ˣҶСȴǰЦһƣǺʿ˵ķɡʵϣûڵսҲԪӤѡǴ޷סСԵ
ΣһƵ̬ߴɵʿ͸ǳ˶ҶСȻΪɵ


 
ѾǷڣȻ˿ֻΪͬΪ壬Ҳǻһ壬޷ζѡθոʧǸոµҲֱӡ
ػɣԸͬһСԣ
ոֱӣҶСǰӣĵͷ­ҶС˵
ԭѣԸĻҲվһȥˡ
ҶСһͷ˵ѿǷھڴʱҶС˵ȻǴкôڲԼΪֻǷڣԼ޵ȵҲֻзڡպ󣬾Լ׵˷ڣҲԼһ
ѳһǡһͷ֮񣬶ȴ˵ջɣԭҲǣܴСʱ˳սˣ
Ǻǣ֪ӱˡ
ܴҶСῴЦЦ˵
Ϊ˱ɱŻõԼ֮ȻԪľǲͬڲŻܵǣش
ȴҲóƽؿǸ˶ԴҲֻǵһѣԲŻԭ˸ո˭ȴ˿ûӰһġֱӾͷҶСΪ
ǰҶСɱѾ˲šּ˵˱ɱ֮󲻵û˱˼Ȼһɹ˳ģݷҶСĸǰֱӷɵɵӪС˵Ҳ֪Ͷˡ
һʱ䣬һߴɵʿɵۡӪ֮һӱ±вʿҪߡڵľȻԼ˶ڣȴѾûܹѹҶС֮ˣɱԼ߲ܷ񽫶Էܣʧ
ҪôҪôѡ񣡣
ҶС̧ͷߴɵʿӪնĺȵһ֮Ȼʶ֮Ȼһֹ˼ɡ
ߴɵӪ֮ʱҶСȵ齵ߣߴʿ֮ͷʾ齵֮ģ
ԭѾ㹻ҵߴӪҶСһ仰֮ʱӻ£ʿ˶ݹ⳯ź󷽷ȥ֮ˣҶС֣ߴɵʿǼݹʱնɱ
ߴɵʿѰ֮ˣڶݵĻ֮󣬱㽥ƽϢȥЩʿǷĴģǴ⿴ȥȴһս׼ʵϣҶСĺһ仰ȴʵݶΪֻһ仰Ѿߴɵʿܹȫȫӭˡ˭ʱҲֻܹ֪ԼǷ齵¶˾ҪɾһսȴҲòԵͬ顣Լûй齵֮ģȴѱûй齵֮⡣˭˴ս֮ʣ֮ͻȻһȡ
Ȼû˹齵ҶСȴ֪ԼĿȻﵽңǵҪɱͬ飬ͬʿͷ­齵֮ˣҶСҲǵ
ҶСݵģұʿ̰֮οս˭ʤ˭Ѷ϶
ߴɵӪոհһӪ֮еԶԶĴ˳
ְɣ
ҶСһ£׼õһڷʿ˲ʱŶݹ⻯ƥҶСͷɹֱǰƹʿطԾȥ֮ķʿһ붯֣ȻǼΪ׳ۡ
ߴɵʿһʼɵʵԶԶδ뵽˶ķʿֵʿеķʿҲʮ˶ѡ˶ѾǼ˲ɵġһзڵ˴ʿмʿһͬ󣬱Ϊԡȴ뻹δսȻ¾
˴ҶСһеķʿԼڡһͬսۼԼҲӵƣĵҲɵмԵáԼϸռڵʿսǱǰߴɵӪҪ׳ۣʱҶСδõǣȴս֮аװʧ
ǰʿȻϮ룬ۿҪߴɵʿ࿹ҶСµĶݹҲһ֮ԭءҲһֵĶݹֱǰϮȥҶСһȴδʩչ˲ֻ֮жݷļٶݹԳԽǰʿЩߴɵʿһ
ҶСһ콣Ⱥͬʱˮһ㣬һ±㽫ߴɵӪҧһ顣Ƭ̣ⱻס֮ˣᱻɱһ棬Ҳһߣ۷֣ÿÿ֮Ի˱ֱնأ
ҶСս֮УǻֻԸ߽ʿø߽ʿȫɱ֮󣬱ὫЩͽʿһΣЩߴɵʿӪҳȻǲݺһ㡣ҶСҲ֣ΪպҲǿУ
ˣһսһս
ҶСȫʩΪȫɱЩߴɵʿǺڡȵҲ֣׷Щߴ֮и߽ʿսһ𡣾Ǹոչ˳ҲսȻ˲СȴƾǿЩͽʿսһ
ҶСĻ齣ͬһӴޱȵĽһ㡣Ϊߵ͵޾ɱЩߴɵʿ
ڽɱеͬʱҶСԼȴδڽ֮УЩߴʣµļʿսһ𡣲㻹ʿҶСɱʣµļʿҲʲô¡

һսһһҹŽ䵽β
Щʿɱ֮ʤѾעȻҲзʿΪһʱܵˣȴҵöҶСʶսǸʿ⣬սɶݹȥԾԮֵ¾ôӣÿһʿʧһս֮ߴɵķʿȻɱм˳սһƾԼӵǿı֮мʷӶ˳ȥѡ
ʦܣⱻʿҪδ
Щ²ʿǻǽɣǷߡߴɵʿȴЩСЩͬҪδҪʹҶС뷨
ߴƲЩʿܹ齵ȻǷŻɽ츳ѵѡľɱɡ
ҶСҲδ룬ƽ˵
ⱻʿԪӤͽڵĿɹһǧ߰ٶ˰
ΪҶС˵̫ƽ²˶˶δ̳֮ɵٶȷһ¡Ͼһ±ɱ֮ıʿǰδҲеġ
˶ҪɱǰҲѾǻᡣڲŽȻΪʱ˺ųȥߴʿƴֿߣɱ⣡
ҶСȻǲɵļᶨ˵


 
ˮһսĹʦӦ֪˲ߴɵʿһ·ȻʹΪа
ɱ̳֮֮ǡ
ǺǣڵƣҵȲȥߴֻҵȻ·
ҶСЩЦߴҲǱϵĹ󡣾ڸոҶСȻͨʶ֮һԪӤʿ֪ʿȥߴȻ֪ҶСϵȻҲСΪߵ;˰֮СȻǸǸӺõܹиõķչʵȴҪߴɵ֮£Ҿ֪⣬Ҳ޷ֿġǸ֮ԻһǡΪѺҰǨ֮ˡзʿ򣬱û˸ڵֿˡ

֮ҶСһսʤݱ㶼Ϊ𺳵ģҶСɱʿһշ˶Էޣʮʿ¾ߴɵʿ֮⣬Ϊ𺳵¾һǧ߰Ѿ־ܵߴʿң˶Ѿ֪ϢԼɢ
ڣ˶Ѿ֪ߴɵĶϵѾ׹ңȻǰҶСҲռ˲ٵɣȴδй¾²鴫һһɱһǧ߰ٶˣԪӤͽʿѾ൱ڼɺһˡҶСҲЩߴ֮ĴңΪʼֿǵֿ֮ȥ齵ı·ʿ׶롣
û֪ڵ֪˱ҶС֮ߴɵЩ߽ʿŭšʤȴ֪ߴɵʿΪһεĴսѾҶС񵱳ǱħΪֲĴڣ
Ϊһսʮ֮ߴ֮һείΪףһֱҵķˡһεȴԶûһô࣬һ֮йǷʿ֮࣡ʿҲаϣǧʿȫԪӤھʿȻߴҲѾףЩʿˣҲķݡʦڵݣЩ߽紦ֵħʿҲû
ǣߴɵһպִҵʱҶСԼѾʧȥټߴʿģֻԼΧ಻Զİ˸ɿݽߵѡ˸ɣһεĴս֮ҲʿߴɵãԵֵҶСɡ˸֮вݽߣҲûһҲ֪ĸСɿΣҲ˼ɣж»ᱻߴȥֵɡ
ټϴǰɶɣҲʮźĻرһԱȣڸʱҪһѡɻߴɡ
ȻڿȥߴɻСȴѾһöݺȻӴ󣬵ȴ㹻ͦߴɣҲ޷ҡ

ҶСϸռ֮С
һڣҶСһչ֮󣬲Ż˫ۡıչ֮Ϊһ۱˫ĿŵβͬҶСһαչطûЩڱ󡣴濴ȥͬĿ˼һھôƽƽ۶ѡ
ʵϣҶСǰҵһ˾벻Զİ˸Ϊͻ˷СԲ磬ﵽ˷ھ磡ʱ䣬ڹ̸ոս׵Ϊѡ
ҶСչؽȻΪȴƫƫûʲôرıǡǡӦˡ豹桱֣
Ȼûʲôرı֣֮иոһʿֶ֮һˣ
ʿ֮ҲûжλÿƽҲʮ˶ѣÿһˡһ˶Ƕ˥Ҫ塣
ˣҶСȻһ;ⶣҲѣȴȻ綥һĴڣٶȣ֮ҲǼΪСҶСȴ⣬Ϊ֮ǰһ֮ˡ
ҶСһץһӰץСӰƺܵԼϣ£ֻǼ֮󣬱Ϊ̫޴ò
һӰǡǱҶСնɱķɳ˲ԪҶС£Ϊ˽ǷϷɳǣ
ʱɳ˵ԪѾǣҶСڲʲôԡǣϾǷʿҶСҪʩչǳʶ֮ҪСĽ
Ϸɳһ޸ʯ죬ҶСҪ֪ıǳ˹Ϸɳǡ޸ʯϢ֮⣬Ҫ˽ǷɳĹ
ʶ֮һʩչ࣡
ʿԪ֮Ϣ࣬ҶСҪҳԼõҲʮѡʱҶС˵֪Ϸɳǡ޸ʯϢ֮⣬ǻ֪亱Ϊ֪ѶϢУΪ׵ξ硣

ֳַϷɳǣҶС뿪Լңֱ֮ȥ
ʦ𣬵ʦ֣Ӵɽ
˵ΪҶСһȻ֪ҶСҲӣֱֱ˵
Ǻǣұ֪һؾͻѰҡ˺ǺһЦ˵ҶС׷ڣȻҲʮָˡܹмַʿԼ˼ǼΪԺʵĪǣѾҪϷɳǵ޸ʯɽ֮У
ʦԡ
ҶСͷӦ
ϷɳҲľǷɳ˵ıѪôϣЩϧ
ƲɼãҵӴǰѾϷɳѾֻһ޸ʯԭ϶ˡ
ϧһЩϧ˵ΪʿϷɳֵķȻˣȴһת۾ͱҶСϵɵЩϧҪ֪ϱΪ֮ȥԭϣѾپˡȻֻһ޸ʯƵϷɳǣǼĸֲϡЩ֮п಻ɽģɽ֮ǰҪᴿ޸ʯЧҲӰ졣ҶС˾ٵȷб֮ӡˣת˵ǺãΪʦͰæ;񽣣
ҶСԼδɾͽεƷ̥ɽ赽кȡһ߳ߣͨǺɫɫȥ͸ľʯʯΧȻγһľ绷ƣʱеɫһϸơ˵ʦ޸ʯ롣ֻǵϷɳǵɶѣ߳ɵ޸ʯӻá


 ʯ
޸ʯڷɽǽ֮Ȼ㹻ˡ
޸ʯҲ״μϣ˵˵ɽǷ棬޸ʯƷ֮ȷʺƷɽ֮
Ҳ˲ٵ֮ǬСȻ޸ʯ죬вҲǾ֮һʦͷʦӽƷ̥ͳΪķɽ
ǽ̥ѾǶƷɽ磬һЩϣȷǾ㲻ȥҲҪɾͽˡҶСƷ̥һǷɽ֮⣬֮ʣһ㡣תȴּ˵С񣬴˴μȻҪɾͷɽҪһͬǣӵеɫ滹Ҫ˲ٵġ
ʦ𣬵ǡҪ߳ɵ޸ʯ֮СǰӵѾں϶޸ʯӦͻơгһգƾɻաͻƿռҲ˵׼ֻҪϻĻǿԼʩչҲȵӸӾһЩ

ҶСԣ˴Ϸɳ޸ʯ뱻ҶСֳ߱ݣɽ֮߳ҶСսСȻ޸ʯ벻ܹΪյڣҶСʥ̥Ȫľ飬һҪս嵱Ҳδɡ
ʵҶСԽе޸ʯ붼ɽ֮У˵ĻɽʩչܿҲӵնյԷɳʹϷɳǻӵ˲ƵҶСƾɽҲʩչǿ˲֮ҶСȴͬǷɳ˵ǣǹǽ޸ʯƵķӵ˲֮У˵ܹƿռ磬˲ƵʱҲʮɡ
ϾҶСԪҶС׵˷ڣԪҲ֮ӰøǿΪҲѾ˷ڵֻҶСǰǿˡӵѰķʿ˻޷κεġһ˵׼սҶСҪǿҲ˵׼Ͼ˽֮пûһܹ֮
ҶСıɽԨԴȻδ˵ҶСȴҲµóɣ˷ɽܾܿ˵ʦõķɽǴ˽֮ԨԴҶСĹϵҪ㾡ȫԳɾͷɽΪ֮ʣЧȻѡ
һҶС˵ɣֻǰһװ˸ڴɽ֮ǬˡǬһ򿪣˷ȴΪҲҪΪ֮һҫʯҫʯɫʯﵥһóȻ統ҶСõļʯֵߣɫ֮ȴƳΪɫʯԶǼʯֵҪࣻŮѪʯľ𡢺¹⾧ǧŽڹ١ᡢʬꡢѪħɡ诹׿ǡ֦ȵȣÿһ亱޼ѰɵһԵǴ֮ЩҶСԼȥѼ¾Ǹǧʱ⣬Ҳδܹյùһ롣
ôҶСȫչԼĺôʱֻСЧ̫ãֻиǧ꣬õô
ȫΪҶС´ɽɾ;񽣡ҶСԼҲǱʣµ߳޸ʯ롣
һСɽһ޸ʯһյϣҶСϥ״޸ʯϷ˫Ѿ뵱ѧ֮ܽȻͬʩչģ޸ʯϱ㿪ʼһɫɫתʱкɫĹתȥҲһͬɫһͬҶСƵָϣ㱻սڣ֮С
ҶСĲϵ޸ʯ뵽ҲʼֳҶСԼƣһµķĸֳ֮ɫҲʼ仯һķɫǶһһ΢΢һҲͬӴصĽĦһĺ
ҶСΪǷڣ塢ҲһΪӦڣڡ˴ʱҶСǲʩչΪƾΪͬʿһϸˡֻΪҶСŷûǿˡ
ҶСƽһƷ߼ҲǼʱ飬ڻ޸ʯ̫ǿ󲻷ҶСʱȴҲʹС˼ɲһ㡣
ɣǣ޸ʯҲǡ˿޸ʯƺĲ㼶ҪһЩȻҶСó֮⣬ٶȴҲӦôġ
ûҶСԼҲδ뵽ڼȻѾʼ㻹һáҶСɽĽȴҪ
ߴɵһսȫʤ֮󣬱ͬʧһ㣬ԭ綼ΪиӼҵսߴɵʿȻɳ˴ʿӣȴͻȻ伣Ӱ
ȻһսݱʧټֻҪԼӹע֮˱֪ɵÿһ䣬ٶȻع֮ʣøǿ󣬸񲻿ɵҲǡˣɵʧߴҲʮӡС˷Ȧӣһħϳ˴ĸ߽ʿ

ת֮䣬һߴɵĳͻȻȥʮꡣ
ʮڷ˵ȻǶȹ˴ѾǴ֮˵УʮʱҲת֮䡣Ȼʱת֮䣬ʮǰһֱâ¶һֱûʲôټȴû˻ӹǡߴȻѾΪֱӻӰߴɶڶʤͳελĴУȴûܹҵҶСռֻܹսոɵĻɽ󣬵ȴŶԷԼѡ
ίɵϽڡ
һǿϼ֮һңϥλյˡ
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ԭһǡǸոɵöҩ
Ʒнףٶʮöһ¯ɬȵ֮ǰҪúܶడϴǰƵģѾвǧö˰ɣ
Щҩ𣬾һмƣ˵


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ǰֻϧܹƷҩֻҶˡ˺գҲǧöѡǲڵʹð⣬ǻҪһЩɵЩҪʿá
һãҲε̾һ
˵ˣȻԪӤʿǶȴΪһЩ˵Ѿܵͽ׵ĵҩ
˵֮ʣȻƺЩ״֮һͬתͷҵһ谵ȥȴ֪ʱǽ֮оһӰ
Ͷϣ
λ߸ոշ״ʱȴôǽ֮дһ˵էһ˱㶼ʵЩϤ
㡭ҶС񣡣
λ߾ȻԼۿõ˵Ӱȴ޷ʶ̽鵽˵Ĵڡ߳ӰȴòѾδı棬Ǳ˴ȴӡΪ̵ǸҶСҶСͻȻ˽벻һ˲ʧھ
λߣǡǵҶСڲڳܷܷʱ򣬾ԵͶϡҶСѾǷʿǶȴԾֻԪӤڶѡ
ҶҶǰĪ֡һʱȣʧˣ
ϳҶСһ֮󣬱ȥսս˵ȻǿҶСΪΣȴ֪Ǵһε֪ĴŵУҶСѾǷΪһսʤ˷ΪˡȻߴһֱѹƣʹ䲢δ̫ɢȥߴ֮Уȴ֪һġ
ȻҶСͶǰֻһ󱲣Ƕֶûĺ󱲣ҶСΪȻңɼľ硣ǾҶС߳˶٣ҲòԳҪƺҶСһǰ
Ͷ϶ˣ𣡣ľ״֪һ˶Ҳܵǣ˵ҶĳԲס
˵ŻһᾢͶҶСĻﵱһŷӵڶδ룬Ѿվ
ҶҶǰ˴ˣ֪Ϊ£
̽ʵֻһſҪԵǸǿȻ츳ѣΪǵһЩҶС˵ǰʵЩϰߡ
ֱӳƺ伴ɣ˿һˣѲ˸ϵһΣίɣصΪ˴¶ҶС˸طͬʱҲʾͶһͬ£˵ٵĶռһ£ͶҲжšľ״Ȼᣬϸռ֮жȴ˵غϰٱǧֹȽڴ˵صʿСҲǶҵһ㲹ԴˣλӦò᲻ͬµ˼ɣ
ҶСöˣҲףֱԵȻֱܹ˴˵㻰ȻǴǰѾǰ˽ʮͨ͸
ҶǰϲȻǲҷԣһоҶǰġҶС֮ԣصȴԥһ˵ֻ峤ʿȻ֪ںδǴʱҶǰֻ̫¡
ȴһҶСߴɵʿһս֮ǰѾߴǿǨίڡȻҲвʿίɵǿҳһң԰õġ֮аڵĺʿȶ˳ȥίϼӹֻ֮Ͷλʿ򣬴һ񡣲ʵҲûʲôҪģΪϻһңǱǨʵǱ˶ѡҲǡΪԭҵʦҲѱίǿȥͶŲòԺЩͽ׵ҩ
صģѾ̽峤ڣ˴ʿȫ֮ԻǰȥѰ峤
ҶС˵ͶϲźȻҶСҲ֪ô˴ġڴ˴ⶼǿĻɴػѰҪ붼Ϊ鷳ҶСȴͻȻ˴˵ءҲǣҶСΪͨȻﵽĵز
ҶСˣѾҶСҪµ˼ﻹǻҲٲӡʵҶСΪǲ֮࣬Ͷֺγ˵һ֡ȻЩ棬ϼһǱҲ˵ҶСĻģҲ¡ټίȷʵҲȡᣬּϽ˼ͬһԴлᣬ׷ҶСҲǱߴ֮кѡ
ĸ߽ʿµһͬһͶ֮ˡ̸һ֮󣬱Ѿ˾ϡ
뿪ңͶϱȥеʿҶСҲָһһͬѷһĽţȴͶϷСҵʿҲ֮½С
ʣµʿһЩͽʿȻǰΪȣǴǰȻ˷ԸԵʱһֻоȶѡץʱ뵽ҶСϸռ䵱С
ǰҶСϸռ֮Ȼ޿Ŀռ䡣ҶСΪʱȴһ࣬ҵЩʿȴǻдĿռСԭҶСϸռСΪֱӹϵ׵ǰν֮Ĳ죬˴ı仯Ҳ˿ռС仯֮⣬ĵطڷű仯仯ϸ΢֮˴㲻ȥϸ˵
ۼҵʿ½뵽Լϸռ֮УҶСҲʼ˫Ŀ⿴ȥͺڳ˼һ㣬ݵƬ֮󣬾һӰڷɳҶСٶ۾ʱȥϸŷǵҶСϷɳӰģһ޶
ӰֻǸһֱ߿շȥһת㻯һĨһɢһǴʱδ뵽ҶСϸռ䵱еʿȴܵǰͬԼʶѹһ
ǡҶС˴ʱѾʶ֮ʶӡֹ̽飬ԼĶ̫类֪ҶС񲢲̫µĽֹ֮ҲֻܹĪʶǿְ취ˡʶǿ󣬾ı취ҲܹƵ˵ġ
һҶСڷֻӰǡҶСֻһԪΪҶСϱҪ뿪Ǵ˴ҵʿȻߵ黹̫籩¶ԲʹӡһԪڴˣûзʿ٣ܹ֪̽ڲı仯
Ϊ׵ںҶСΪٷɿ죬һֱδܹ̫ʱչΪʱȻֻ


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Ҫ֪˷ڣչظһ궼òǶ೤ʱ䣬ҶСÿһαչزʮʮ꣬ȷͬδչعһ㡣ҶСȻѾǷڣȴҲֻаѡΪһԪҲȵ˵ʮٵ
ҵʿϸռ֮УɵʿפںδˣҶС㲻ٲġ
ίɷָҵʿ뵽ҶСϸռҶСرϸռĴš
ҶСֻ֮У˫ÿÿһǷ㻯һַתҶСԲƮתɢȥٿ֮䣬ѾʮٵҶСҲƴСַš
ģҶСĽ¡ͷԼһԲģĽͼէһȥͬҶСΧһ㡣
ǲ֪˰λǾ֮ͨĸʩչʲôʵȴˡҶСʩչģֻں޸ʯͨ˫ķ䵱ںʥ֮飨Ҳʥ֮飩Լ֮֮ʱֵЩַЩַҶСҪֶΣԶ㷨ģ
һҶСͣЪ̧ǰȥĽ΢΢һ֮бˮһһȦȦĲƣϸȥᷢЩƵл̺ϸСѷ졣Щѷ쿴΢СʵȴʿΪɵĿռѷ졣ֻǼΪϸСˡ
ҶСһ㷢һֻžʼ֮СһȫҶСİҲѾʧ濴ȥҶСһʣ˰ӣƴбնһʱҶСһֻҲǰŸ˹ȥ
ܿ죬ҶС˶ֱʧ֮Сδһۼƴδֹһֻǰ󲻹Ǽʱʱ䣬֮ȴһΪδ¡Դ˻ȫȻ֪ҶСıȻѾȥǷȴȻڴ˴绹ûô

ҶСθոʧңԶһ֮Уȴƾյһ㲨һĲ
Īۣ֮𣬽ǸոĪĲƴɢȥɢȥбֻ֯һԲ״󡣽ţҶС֮еĲƵл˳һһӰҶСԣΪһ塣һӰǡҶСǰֻһԪȻ廹δˣȴѾԪ̽Լ֪Ϣ
˵ͨǡһҶСչ꣬ں޸ʯ˷˲֮Щ֮ҶС˲Ƶľȴֻʮϰѣǿɴǧ֮ңеô˷ҶСҪȥңԶѰֻܹͨʹȺҲʲô¡
֪ηǰˣʧԶӭ
ҶСθոճ֣ԶԶĴһ˵ͼԶһɽϷɳһݹ⣬ֱҶС죬ոտȥֻһС㣬ת˲֮Ѿģǡҵ峤£
Ǻǣǰֿɲҵ峤ò
ҶСǺһЦ㿪ڻص֮һԭʧٶȳֵʱѾµǰˡµĶݹƵҲǷǳҶСϢһֱ̫ªˡ
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ֻǣ¸˵һ֣ȴҶС˵峤ҶĳԨԴ˵ҶĳҲܹҵĶ飬Ҿƽƣ֪峤Σ
ҶСȻ޷ȣΪȴʵʵڰҶС˵̧µۣҲʾõ̬ȡ
ҶСѾίɵı֮С٣ί֮еķʿ֪ܿҲ£֮䣬ҶС㽫ԼĴʹǰͶԼʿ뵽ϸռ֮е֪¡
峤δ±Լ˾ϣ峤ĪҪ
ҪлСµĺ֮ǣ
µᱻвȴ˴ΪδԵʡߴɵ֮£ȴδҪ鸽ߴɵ̬ȣҶСϽʱδ̬ȡ˲ΪʵѾǱڿǷҪɵӪСԲŻᱻߴһȥҶСּʶҶСΪѾ˾磬Ȼǲܾɣϸռڡ
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Щε˵ǡոᵽǸˣܷܷڣʮ˱ߣҵʿָɼְãһֱǯơò
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ҶСҲϾǿҲǷʿܷܷУϾͶҪ䰲õľȳҪһЩ鷳ҶСԭļƻҲǳҪΪУֻԭȳҵʿ֮ȥһħ֮˵ڿȴҪߴɵķʿΪеʱǰȥħԺһЩ
ˣȽ˵صʿϸռ֮УܷܷһѰȡǿв֪˴ҵȶһЩҲ͸һЩ
ҶС΢˵
ȻѾ޸ʯںϵУıɽȴдδû˱ɽټϴǰΪһֱԪӤڽ׵˷ڣ˴Ŀȣȴһֱûбչ̫ʱΪԶԶӦôﵽľ硣ǻ齣ҲֻһپžŷɽѣԪӤڻ߷ڶпɣǵ˷ڣ˾ԵЩˡҶСΪóҲΪµȴֲܹԵʱսʱ̫á


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Ҳ˵ʱҶСɽ˵δܸΪ٣Բߴɵķʿǿսʱ̡
ԸʱҶСߵһȴҲòȥ
ʱȣҶСϸռ֮иһӦȫҵʿǽеʱ򼸺ֻһǬ֮ɣƷ±ɡ
һɵʿ½ЩʿһҶСҲ˼һļƻνͶܷܷҶСн飬ҶСΪȻѾر𣬵ȴһֱһɶõѡ⣬ҶԨԸΪƵҶСҲΪʶҲǡЩԼΪ΢ʱʶ֮ˣŸ׳Ϊֿ
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νӢϧӢۡʶҶСһҪļȴҲԸȴ˹ҶСΪļܹԼ뾡취ˡ
ۼʣδ뵽ϸ֮еʿԽԽ٣ҶСҲʼ׼Ըǿˡ
ǰҶСٻһͷһͷǿ綼Ժеǿޣжɵò棬ҶС񵽵ǽ޻һԦʿǿޣһͷһֱ˵ѵʱеڴﵽ˼ޡ
ԭġ
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ҶС񲻽ɱˣշһڶʤ綼мӰ졣ֻߴΪ˾ʿʿһֱϢֻкٵһŹ°ˣŹģҲŴ˵顣ֱ˽죬вҶС񲻹ٶ겻ôѾǿ˹
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ҶС½źڡԼѡķʿ˵
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Ҳã˴ֵܹסǿˣҪܷܷȻǸһЩΪһ֮׶꣬ΪѾ˾磬ͷԺһҶС˰űѾҶСĴ㡣ҶСҪģǡǵɽ֮ƣǿڵĻҪϽܷܷȻϼѣǽԼʵȫչʾٰǿٳ󷽿֮ʽܷܷ˽ȳȻҲ׵öˡ˷Ȼ򵥣Ҫǿǰʩչɹȴǲסģ˵ʵҪ㹻ǿ󣬲Ųڱһͷĸ̵ˡ
ҶС˰ſȻǸӸмȴǣٶʵֻڴ˴Ǽ㣬ǿҲỳɡĻ´˷ҲЧ
˴벻峤صģԴöԲߣ
ҶСһЦ˵֮ʱѾٻ˳һһͷ£ȥ֮󣬱ֻȻױģէһȥʶ̽õ䲢֮⣬ȻҶСһ޶ˡ󣬱ҶСֳһԪ񣬽Ҳ뵽ڡˣʶ̽飬ҲԷֱҶСĸҶСһǿˡ
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似룡룡밡Ź֮¿⻯ȴڴҼʶ
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ҶСǺһЦѾûҶСԼһ޶˵˵֮䣬Ŀ̺֮һԱĸ顣Ǵʱûõİ취ǾԲԼıڵʱӭսǷʿġ֮еݰĲʶҶС񲢲ܵ㴴ˡ
粻˳٣ȷǴ±Ѱˡʼɣ
ҶС΢ƽһ˵
ϸ֮мͷȻ죬ʱȻ⡣ڵʿȻֻǸֵһЩͬ׻ǵͽʿɣҲûʲô⡣
£һͬͷ֮׷׵Ϊ׼ʱʩչԵǿܡ
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ҶСͬʱȻʩչٶȾԿԽռ˲֮˶̾˲ƣҶСֻһתʩչʧ֮ʣҶСӰȻʧ
ҶСӰʧδ֮ʣ˱㶼ܵһǿִŵĲʶ̽ӭͷ¡˵ǡǿȻҶСղź޼ɵʶ̽飬Ҳߵ״
һ쳣˱˿ͣģһߴڸ֣һѾ̤˶ݹֱµڵλ÷һһǿ쳣ʶ֮̽бһҲӭʶ̽ȥ÷λλǿ֮ڷŭͬʱҲһֹҪ֪ͬʿ˵ޣԼ֪񵹸ȻиΪ˼ɡ֮ˣǴŵеҶСڷھܹڵ˻ɱҽշȴ˭Եлûй˼ɣ
ǡΪЩǣʵҲǴҶСмƵ̡һܷܷҵʿΪƣҶСнҵʿҲֳ֮ĹϵȻܷܷ֣һʤ㣻ǰΪӦҶС񣬸ֻ֮ͨҪԼֵܹһ󣬱ԵȵɵĸֳԮʱٽҶС£ȻͰȫࡣ
˻δս˼Ҳ⣬˭ҶСһڳƾ𺳡Ͼ˵κһίɵʿǲ֪ҶСʱǼ˵СһѻûεҶС
Ҳ˵˴ʱҶС˼ɣǵ˺ս֮УֻҪһ̲֣ǿҲҪź֣ʩչȫΪӦһҶСͻȻ֮ʩչʲôɱ֪ҶСĶѾﵽʩչ˲֮ľ硣
ҶСԪ壬ԱֳȻҶСģһ޶ԴǶԻ֮˿ûв졣һ˫ڶһ֮󣬱սһšʱֻ̽Եսѣûƴһս
Ͼ˫Ǵһ뷨ϣ

һߣҶС̤գڿ˸ո뿪֮ʣѾγո뿪֮
ͷȻҲԼСͿռ䣡
ҶСǰĴԼԼϷǴռܵϢвɸ̾ոյ֮̽Ȼδֱ̽鵽ʿ֮ȴǿȷǲίɵκεطôʣµģԼʶҲδܹ̽еСͿռˡ˴Ҳȷ˵ϼ֮ѡ
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ҶСһѾش˴ʿ֡ϧǣֻԪӤʿѣһ̬ӣʿ˵ģһҲ֪Ϊ֮ˡϧǣǴʱΪѾ˷ھҶС񣬻ճһ֣ʣµġʲôˣĸֻδڣȻȻԳֵɱм֮㱻ȥ
ʵ˿֮⣬ΧһǿĽƣ˵ҲίɵĽءڽֹҲʿ֡˭ܹ뵽ܹһԽ˽ƣֱӽ뵽棿뵽СͿռĴ׿Կ֮нƺʿػпԿ֮⣬⴫ʯ֮ҪضľѪܹ
룬ľѪȻίҪʿ֮
ǰǶһķЩáҶСǰȴʧȥá
ǴҶС޷ʹãҲȥע⡣ΪҶСڵֻԷЩԽ뵽Ǿ֮СͿռ֮С
ʱȣҶС˿ɣ˫ֻûӰ֮Уһַӡ˳һӰƮΧ
һᣬͼɣҶСΧС
ҶС̧̤һ̱Ѿʧԭأ
ǰСίɵСͿռ䡣ףԭ˴˶ίʿڣ
Խգֱ̧뵽ίСͿռ֮еҶСһ뵽б㲻ɵһȡΪίɵСͿռ䲻Ҳزˣ涫ˡȴﾹȻҲһأǧ֮Ҳͬϸռһʵ缫ΪơΪǣΪԣȻֻôһǽеһһƷȴһƷ߼ɢԳӯռ䣡
Ҫ֪ҶСϸռ֮Ҳδܹ׵һƷ磬ôСһռ䣬ȴӵ˸߽׵ҶСô᲻ȡ
Ȼ˴ϼѵвٵίʿڳҲͲΪˡҶСȴҵ˼ϤӰ
Ϫû뵽ҲУ
СͿռ֮еʿǶ֮УҶСΪĴϢĳ֣һʱ֪ġ
δȴѾһת֮̽СͿռÿһϸ΢֮
СͿռ֮оطǱίɵʿռţֻڱԵ֮һĽƿš棬ǡǱڴ˵صʿҶСֵϤסϪ˾ǡǡǸǰ档˵˶Ȼǿؽ֮ˡ
ҶСһ֮µʱ٣˵ʱѹһȴǼ¡
ҶСѾȫǲͬĴڣǿȥȻͬһߴˣֻڵΪ˰һʱԼܵѹֻ˼䵱УֻΪһԼʵԼĻڶѡνˣҶСѾûǸйȥƽϡ
ҶСγгһҪλرǵԼÿһ˺˵ԡΪλĸı䣬ĿҲ֮ǱĬĸı䡣
ҶСʱȻȥϸ㣬ǵһҶСȴҲǡҪرֻ֣һѾСͿռʶʩչǿʶȹȻֻһʩչҶСͬʿûʲôãǶֻԪӤʿȴѾģֿɱ
ҶСһת֮СͿռ֮иոջһڰȻµ֮еʿǱ㶼ʧȥ֪еĺȻأеɱ֮ǰһģȻǶͬܵ˹ȴвͬΪҶСͬһ㣬Щʿ˲ֵ츳ѵʿպΪɵķչ
ȻϪڵ飬ڵ֮ǲվˡ


һ ίɽ
ҶСһ㽫СͿռ֮еʿɱΣ̱ȥͬʱҶСҲ֮ʧֵʱѾǽҵʿ֮
һ⻯һ⣬ֱǽʿĽնȥһı֮УǱնдһһŵⲻ˸ܿ죬ƱǱնȱڴʼѿʱҲͳɢ
ȥǰеҲͻɡһʿɫȥֳεҶС
·һͬվԭǰļʮǰܷܷ룬ҶСҲֳ˾ΥЦݡǰ˶ˣҶСҲɻ˵״ʱ龳
ҶС񣿣ܷܷһһٵ˵㣿
Ǻǣһ˭
ҶСǺһЦʵܷܷһҵʱϰ˵Цġ
лҶǰ֮
ҶСһ仰ڣ˲ͻȻӦһĴ¹ʩл
ҶСһ룬˵Щʲôȴδ˵ڡܷܷܷܷͬƽضЩСƢǷڵĸҲƤˣڼҶСҲûʲô⡣Ȼһֱ֮һٮٮߣȴҲǶ֮𱰿ʮصˡȻҲѾԪӤΪҶСǲ̫࣬統ǰƽ̹Ȼˡ
˴˵֮أ滹ҪպɣλȽҵϸռ䣡
ҶСҲٶ˵ֻǴϸ֮ţ˷УͬʱһСͿռ֮бһһ㣬һǿҾЩֻʹȥίʿҲҶСϸռ֮С
˴ûжˣǶƬ̱ѾϸСΪһڣҶСҲʮˡǿҲŵսҶСȻóȻҶСʱȻ֣ȻҲż
ҶС֪˶СͿռ֮ϼѵļƷȴδһȻѾ˵أֶܿ顣
⻷ƣҶСֻίɵСͿռ֮С˫ƺȻѹȥ⳯·һȥ
ǡҶСȻʩչҪСͿռ֮еļƷ
һȻƷ׼ѣ㲩̶ȴǲҶС裬иһʱ̱ɽ䳹ܹ֣ҪսˡûбǣƵĶҶСҲԷſһսĶݷʱԳսϵġ
ҶСʱƽȳʵŨ֮⣬û쳣˺㷢ϸ΢Ĳ졣СͿռ䲻ԲǧﷶΧҶСʶȻԸǵÿһҶС㷢һԼǰδ뵽ĵطĲСͿռ侹ҲССͿռĲСеȻҲ֮СҶСӦģ֮ȴࡣյСȴҶСĻ˸ʶ֮
Ҳ˵ҶСľֻһѣСͿռ䡣⵹ҶСʱδġҶС˵ȻǺһȻЩɻ󣬲ʱȴ֮ʱҶСҪģֻǾȫǡ
ԼĪʱңԲǧﷶΧСͿռѾСֻеһɴСңԲǰң·ȻڣȴҲֻһƷˡСͿռĲϼСҲʼֳһ˿˿Ĳȶڱ߽ϣΪռļѹʼֳһľ޴Ŀռѷ
ҶСʱõĳһһƷ߼֮⣬СͿռ˾ųɣھѰһҲûжٽΪȻҲȻ˲١˿ЧҲҶССͿռֱӹϵ
ҶСʱȴûͣµĴ㣬ƿܹ͵һȻ㹻ҶССͿռʣµһֶ

ҶСĲСͿռֻ֮ʣƷڽݽߣ˺СͿռСٶҲԽĿ
ģռԽȶؿʼʧռ䶼һŻǣۿȥƺ߽Ѿֱ𲻳ʲôҶСʶ̽鵱УȴܹóʱСͿռȻֻʣ˷Բˡ
ֻСĿռ֮УȴҲΪҶСռ䶼ÿһɹɵľȾ֮ͣԪӤʿڴҲòȫʩչܹ͵
ʱ򣬺úīĽ˲һ㡣СͿռ䶼鿪һͬ鿪СͿռ䶼ͬһɲСһһ˲ġ֮¶ģȴЩڵǿҵĿռѷ졣
ˣСͿռڿʼʱҶСҲòˡ
ҶСǰ׼ãһ±̧ռݵһ˲ҶСӰҲСͿʧ
ͬʱ֮䣬ҶСѾ֮ǰСͿռǰڵλá̧ͷȥǡͷϷһ󲨶Щһ޵֮󣬱ƽϢʧ

ҶС˵ʱǿв֪ίɵСͿռȻݣҲӰ죬Ϊ֪а
ǸʲôĶͺȻԼǰͻȻһ˲һӰ֡
ǸոճֵӰȻ˲ƹҶС
ҶС֮ʣֵ˸ܵСͿռ쳣ɻ˳ѵսˣҲ׷սһš
Ƚ׵սЩѰʿȻ岻֣ȻίڲίȴΪ߽ʿҲûбһ߶Ҳûռٵơһֱûô֡ȻҲǿһʼʹӵĴ㣬δȫΧɱֻҪܹס˱ˡ
ҶСһ˲ʱܵɫ棬ͬʱ֮齣󣬶˵ı뵽ս֮Сĳ̫ί˵ϣһʱ֮Ϊ⡣
ίɽ
ƺҶСǿ˸ΪĵǸСͿռһʱ֮侹ʧڴ˳
ԭǸСͿռίɽ˿ί֮ԵҲɴ˶ˡ
ߣȻͷ˼
ҶСһͬʱ֮Ȼʩչ˲֮ȥ˫ֻצֱ˻ȥͬʱ֮䣬նҲѾʩչű޴Ҳ˲ʱ֣ǿΧסԪ񲻶ϵնȥ


 ս
ҶСΪȻܹȥʱΪ硣Ȼոս׷ûжãһʹΪڶʱڴһ塢ͬޣսԶͬʿȻսֻ塢ΪȴҲ㹻˺һˡֻҪһɻʧǰ㣬ܾܿˡ
ҶСһʱѾʩչ˻齣󣬲ǽȴڳֵһ˲ֱӳЩ󸡢µ˶ϵίʿȥڿˣҶСҪԽЩʿɱҪࡣ
ͻȻ֮ʶ¿˱һ񣬵ת˲㷢ǰĪĹϮ𾪣ÿ˵ģȻǸҶСһģһһֱŹҶСеܣٻոյս±ԼȻ⵱˶ԷļƲߡ
ҵʿȳСίɽ֮еίʿЩʱҲԻָίɽȻҲʶ̽鵱ʧ˱仯ίɵĵһһʧίɾԳܵġټ֪˼ҵĵиǻںޡ
һʱеİջǻŭ𣬵±ҪйǰΪʩչֱ߷֣һϡ֡ǵȴʲôˣһ¾ͽһ¡һʱڿϾͺͻȻըһ㣬һ³ܷԲʮӰ죬һҵľҹεľ磬ЩίɵĵͽʿǶҪǻ巨ܹ͵
һ£ǿ˵Ƿ˺ݣۿҪƴƱҪҶС͵ģ
ͻȻ֮䷢ݾҪƴĶȴҲǳصġ
ԭѾ˲ãոտͻȻսųҪ׷ɱȥҶСͻȻ֣ɱУȻǸӷŵÿȥƴɱ
ʱȴֻǸѣ˵ҶСսɱҪǿࡣҶСһֱ㳯ȥ棬ҶСҲֳһɽֱնһߣҲĴų˽ͬʱһͷſڣ漴Ҳһǽת۾Ҫǿɡ
һһ޵ĺ֮£ǸոձϱŭƵĿ̾˻һǻŭȴҲֻȥΪǰĹȻѹһʱ̧ͷֻԱϾ
һ棬ȻίɵʿռƣȴδץǰƣҶСһ㽫ûбɽʱսΪǿĻ齣󸡢ڵȶԸЩڡڵʿһҶСڿѹס˵ͬʱһҲԿٵɱķڡʿ
սϳһڡڵίʿҶСĽΧʿ󲻵òԪֻĴӴܣ˵ҲԽǰеŭҲڶԷľѹ֮½ѹȥģȻֻʣ¡ӡˡȻۿͬŵĸ߽ʿϵ䣬ȻֻǿԱҲֻܹ۰Ͱ͵Ŀšڣֻܹȴ֮еĸ߽ʿˡ
ʵߴ֮ȻңԶŸ֮䶼Ŵ󣬴һʱɵҶСȴѾ׼ڴǰѾ֪ĽίɵĴȥǡˣʹЩԮٳδ
ҶС񣡣Ϊ壬ҪԸʶ䣬ΪУ
㣬ոյѵһ֮ǿҶС𣬴æ֮гҶСôһ䡣
ǿΪʤΪĪǲô˵οҲҶĳίΪУίҶĳΪУ⣬ҶĳҪίΪУίҲ壡Ȼˣֺԣ
ڿ˴æ֮кôһ䣬ҶСЩӦ֮ȴ˵ôݲȡȻ˵֮乥ȴ˿ӻ
ҶС֮ԣ˱˵ЩʲôȴΪҶСѱȵ̫ȻϾȥӦ֮ǣҲϾڽҲֻ˵ôһ֮󣬱տڲٶ죬ֻͷ͵ҶСѵĺ
ҶС񿿵ԽԽ桢ϢҲÿÿ˲ζҪȼϡ
ģЩڡʿʣµԽԽ٣ԼҲ֧ţԽ䵽ơ
֪˾ҶСɫ浱УÿһǿҶС𹥻һɢſҵϢĻȻδ˺ȴѾֲܵѵϢȻҲʮǿ󣬵˵ȴûôֲˣٿ˾ǱжҲ˶ѣҪȥǡǿ˺ȻĴ㡣ʵ޷ܵĻôԼԸѵϢһ£ҲҪҶСǿֲ档
ȻԽǵ˺ԽСĽȴҶСΪֻǹע¶ѹҶСû˲֮
׼һᣬҶСͻȻٶ˲ƹȥһĿǿ˵ı
ƺѾҶС뷨һҲͬ¼һպûסĺģһҲҶС񹥻ȥͬʱݹһǣӰѾݳԶ
Ѿ˶ҶСѵַǿ
ʱ򣬺ȻҶСֳһĨ޵Ц⡣
ҶСȻһҶСϰ߱壬˵ϰҶСֺγû塣ҶСҲ˿˵һŴո䶨ʱȻ֮һâǧɵĽɫֳ
һֳ㻯һֱնȥ˸ոĪĶߴ˴Ȼ޷ܡһ⣬Ҳ֪ԼǻǷ޷͵ǹܹģֻǽԪ񣬾͵乥ѡ
ֳɫɫͬɽһſնȥģǡҶСնӵ˼޻һǧɽɫ޽Ϊ̫ǿ󣬶ʹʵ֮Ҳֳ˽ɫĹԡʵԿ˵Ϊ令ԼҲֵܹ²СʶҶСһǽű𽣾ںһʩչȫһ˵ķʲôΪˡ
һȥȻУ˱ϾȻǷʿԪȻǿ󣬵˲ٷ֮£ʹô󲿷ֵԪԱδ̫ܵ˺
ǣ˵һ֮жҲ֮һ͡׼õѱֱ乥ȥһϢ㳯˹ȥ


 ܿ
ۼϢͬһǽһֱԼ֮֮ǿ󣬾ǿҲܵǰһ˿һÿһεĹвҪ󣬲˱ϾΪʱȴƾʵΪ˹ȥֻӶݶ֮ʱѵϢ߻令⣬ʹڷɶ֮ʻһ󲨶ҵȴΪʱܹ˷âδơ
Ǵÿ˻δվ֮ȴȻԼһǿϢתͷҲ֪ҶСȻ֪ʱԼ࡭
ˣʶгһɹصķֱҶСȥ
ҶСǸһ㣬νһڿ˵ÿһԤ֮СǡһڿӶ֮ǰ˲ˣ漴һצ㳯ſץȥ
濴ȥֻҶС滹Ϊ̫ǿɢɫĹͬʱΧһɫĴӰҶС״һ޶Ҳſץȥץһ룬ۿҪ令ʱ򣬿˴æ֮ʼķȻ
ȷһɢɫ󣬺ֻһСİ˱εıһķǷܻʮһСɫǱһͻȻһ澵һȻзԲ״Сһ⻬羵һȴǹ⻬ľϷһļֱ̣ҶСȥЩϸСıҲһɫ⣬ҶС˹ȥ
һʵǿΪ˶ԸħЩħƵķļЩ֮ͨħ޴ս֮ʱٵáû뵽ҶСҲܹá
ҶСԲȭĻᱻЩ̴С˵ȷʿķ乥ܵ͵вǿʿһ֮³Կ
ǷǿҶСȻȻ֪Լıòݴʩҫ֮ұ۱㻯ͬɫ̫һ㣬ҫҫ۵Ĺԣ˿ӱܻıֱ·ȥ
ţǺȻ֮˵쿲ɢɫڱнҶС֮ĪɢĽɫû
䣡䣡䣡
ҶСȭͷͻ˿˵쿲裬ڲ֮ºǰȻĻ⣬ӲġʵʵڵڵĿ˵ϡ
ǷڻǷʿҶСȫһȭѾԽǵ÷飬ʹʱԵǷʿȻֻǵ磬ʶѾȻǿǲҲѾӵʮǿҶСһȥδҪǿ˵ǽֱӺó·׹ȥ
ڿ˿׹֮ʣԿҲµλȻҶСĺһȱڡһԲεȱڣгСǺںĶϻһɹɵɫ棬ͬ˷ܵСһš
˱ҶСһˣңмݵһ˲ͷ֮ȫǿհס䷴Ӧ֮ʣһʱĪܽԼѾ˵ü˿ϵλȫһЩںƤɶݹȥĿУ󶼱ȼմĵطȴ¶˷ʺ⡣
Ƕ̶һ˲֮䣬˿ȻԸķĪ֮¿ʼٵ
ҶСһٸᣬȻǳʤ׷һ˲ƣ˿˵׹·һצֵ̽λǡǿ˵ͷ­ȻԿ˵Ϊͷ­ҲƬֻҪԸҲܹٶʲôʹǴʱȻܵһشһĻҪٲֻܹѡķӶԱˣ
ҲҪ֪ǰȻʶҶСΪ÷壬ܷзӶݳȥӶݳȥܹҴ漸Ҳ˵
ҶСֻӥצ״ָ΢㳯ſ˵ͷ­ȥʱǿ˵ͷ­ȻҶС֮ɢƣܱǺһεʹͶһ뵽ҶСУβ룬Ҳ޷ѡ
ҶСƾҪУۿֻʣ˲߶ѡǿ˵ͷϵͷͷƤȻҶСзų˺û䣬򷭾ȥòˣ
ڴʱҶСкһɫ漴üͷ΢΢һ塣ϵȱִһ֣
һ̣ͼҶС֮γһϡϲ󡢲񣬵ȴǡǡҶСǰ棬ھӳ£ԿһĤֻǿȥԼĪͬһ͸ĲһĶ˵Ҳ֪ﶨȻǽһĶˣֻܹѽõ˻ֵˣ֮ҲûмǵҶСίɵ޽ֹ֮ʿҲԶԶ
ȻдͻȻֵĽƣҶСȴ糣ץȥ

ҶСһצȥǽƱӦһ죬ȻֻѶѣδȫ顣
ҶСҲδ뵽˽ƾȻǿӲٶȷǽƲšžһһ㲣һʧ
ʱǿΪһƵͻȻ֣һʱ˶ݵɣոҪӶݣȴҶСȻƿ˽ƣֳȥ
һΣҶСһצոջȴȭһȭصȥ
ͻȻʱ֮ȴþҶСȭͷ·Ȼٶһղǽһ޶ĽơҶСĹ
ߣ
һߣͼҶСһȭȸղһצȻҪһȻУ³ֵĽƱ˿ûıҶСƬ
ţҶСǲһȭӿٵĳſ˵ͷȥ
ڣǿ޴ɶ㣬ǻǽƳ֣Ҳ޷ҶСֻҶСһȭ˿ˡ
ʱȴֻóҶСģȻڿ˵Ĳһƣǽһ֣ѾͬһѷաһȽ˵ͷ­ȻۿȥֻεĽƣҶСȴóǽȻγһΣ˻Сͬʱ֮Ϊܵشٴ󽵣ǽȴſһ·ɶݳȥֻǹ⻪һʧԭء
ҶСȭͷһѽȻжϵͷ­Уһ鶹һûжȥ˵ͷ­һѿЩѿм㶼ҶСʩչ˿˿Ĵ
ٳǿȥȻԶΧһĶѻŸոַƣֻʱֵĶһһذˡ


 ɱ
ÿ˱ȳȥҶСҲȥ׷һ뵽ԼĻ齣֮У
˴ұǣҽɣ
ҶСϸ֮Ȼ򿪡
󸡢һѵȵȴǰѾʶҶС¾˿ˣҶСٻ֪иˡҲ֪ԼҲֻǸҶСͽۣҲһһ⣬뵽ҶСϸռ䵱С
ոֽƳֵϢҶС޷׽סĹ켣ڴ˵ȷҶСġҶСһǣҵĸãʱߣ
ͬʱǿ˱֪˾£񶥶ܵشѡίɵ߽ʿȴûôˣǰЩʮʿѾҶСĽ˽룬ҶСԳ֣ȻֻһɲǵʱѣʣµļȴҲһ˵Ĳˡǰ˵ļ˻ͬķӶݳȥҶСԳ֣ʣµЩʿһҶСУ㲻κӶݵĿܡ
Ƭ̼䣬ҶСĽ֮Ѿֻһίɵķʿ
ֻ֮УǷʿĻѣ˲㱻ƵĽâɡһ̣ͼͬһķ׷ӶݳӶݡɻ齣֮ȴҲʶЩȴǾոշɶݳʱѾܵشδɶݳȥѾҶСĨɱ
󣬲֪ҶСһʱ⣬ǷʿԪӶݳȥһһ뿪˽ʱֱһ߼ٷɶݳȥҪ֪ԪĶٿǱʿĶٿģ
ҶСٶȴӽ֮г֣˫ӶݳȥԪȴûжǻ齣֮еĽȴȲҪնһ󲻶ϵƮתšԶԶȥͬһͷɱҶСһ㡣
ڣӶݳȥԪӳ㹻ԶʱҶС˫۲΢΢һУ±һ𽣳ǵѾԿԪԱߣƲɵһ㳯ȥ
ڴʱȴֳһƣǡǡס𽣵һһ֮𽣾ȻıһֵܹնҶСҲǵһ
ҶСȴ⣬һ𽣳֣һնȥȴǵһһͬһһĽƽ䵲
Բݣǽĵն̳ȴ׷ױֵֽĵʱһԪҲȥӶݣΪΧѾΧƣǡΧһ彫令˵С
ڵµʱһʿӶݳȥԪԱ߲ſʼֳһģڴʱģȻֵܹҶСĹϾ˿֮ˡ
½Ҫһ·ҶѺαطҪأ
ӰĲϱʵҲһҶСΪϤէһʮְȻ˿֮ġ
ߣ
ҶСƺδԷԴһ㣬ֻһ¾ͼǸոձס𽣶Ȼâҫ֮жüӰ󣬱һһı
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󣬱Խ˵ӰдһЩȣͬʱ΢Щ
ԭҶСһ֮Ǹոձµ𽣾ͬʱͬʱ֮ƵƣǱΪȫһСԪնɱˡ
Щʱ̫ʴȣµ·ҲֻǱ˵·ֻԼԼϾ·ҶСȻҲ˳ȴ˵ѣò
ԭΪѾ֪ʲô磬λȻ˶ʤߴϯҲѹ֣ʤݵߴ֮УܹпֵҶС񹥻ģҲֻˡ
ȷȻ̫δ
ȻȫʵǵҶСʱģһѩһȾģȻʵʵȴֻһԪѣ䱾ʱδܹ
Ѿ֪ˡ
˱һˣ˴֮ڤڤ֮иӦԣȻ֪Էд롣һ仰лĻҲ֤ҶСĲ롣Ȼȫõһļ䣬еؿ±ҶС֪ĻҪࡣ˵ǸδʵָȻҶСһμ棬Ǵӵ𻯣һֻͷһת˿ʼ
ǡͷӦĿת´ҶСһ˵࣬𻯣֮ΪһֻΪһΪ㣬һΪҡ֮ȴǺִ֮ʥԣעѳɴҴʼΣܣճɰʶҲһֱɻΪΪͻԶ㣬Ǵԭ򣡡
Ǻǡ
ҶС߸һ˵̣ȴֻǵһЦҲȥκȻʧԭءٶȳ֮ʣȻڿ汻Ľ档ҶСĶͻȻ˲֮޷׽ԾҲ⣬û׼ЩƾҶС˲ƣҲͻơ
ҶСȻȫ紿һ㣬ɢĽɫԣΧɢģȴǿޣĳֱ˿·ǧĴض˲ɿȥһ˲ҶСĹѾ
ֻҶСʱָ㳯ǲ֪ٲӣǽƵһ𣬾ɺȡһΣҶСûһɫĻ棬ȫƾΪ
ҶСһǽ塢Ϊںһ塣ʱϵķɽǻڴеıɽ⣬ķɽǶԳ˴ŻᲢȥʹ÷ɽֱָնȥ
ʶ֮ǺҶСںΪһԼָĽͷųȥǡԼ˵ǡĪдͨ
һͬͻ˷ʤҶСֻһЦ˿˼һȫһʱ֮ҲֲֻܹĿҶСָնȥ
һնҲΪ֮һһ˲֮䣬綼һƬžһжֹһ㡣
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ͻȻһ֮ȻָֻҶСȻĳ˿ս֮ʣŻ֮
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һ̣ǽһһٳԭڽƵеĿˣͻȻһ⣬ǱһնһȻ˿ȥոѿһС죬һ˲֮һһɢȥ


 ۵
ΪɻģԪڴʱȻҲûӳһ治˵ĻԪȻڸոһն֮бҶСָУ
ҶСѴ˴֪ԼֵĵǽȻͬ··һãҲǡǴʹһǸ˻ѡת֮ˣִһ;ԭԴʱ֮ԣҶСȻ֪ȻܵǰӰ죬ȻڼҪ·֮бȸߵ͡ԲŻһͬ۵һҪ˵ҶС
Ҳ˵Ŀջõ֤ǡΪҶСҲ֪ΪҪԼ
ǣҶСȴҲ۵ֱܹ˵˵ʵȥ֤Լֵĵ·ԲŻһΣĻ֮»ɱػ֮ˡҶСģҪ˵ԼȻǲܣҪ֤Ļֻʵ˵
ִţþ徻汾ԣȾʶֻ֮࣬ڻӰ֮Сִܼ֮֮֮Сܼã񣡺ãִԸʥԡۣһҲ޾֮УҶСͻȻ˻ɱһ֮⣬ȴҲ˿ŭһĸ֮һ˰ݷĸܣָܣͬûʲôĬ֮һ˰ᡣȴһתͻȻ˵Խ㣬ֻϧж֮ģȴ޻֮ʧԵ㽫಻
ã񣬽ǳ֮ģˡҡ֮ִκִҪңշԣȻ࣡ǧ಻˵ƾһ֮ɷɾϴۣΪ൱֮ұۣȴδظҶ١νߣɽĳȴɸ֪㣬гһգã񣬽⣬֮֮ʣ
ҶС޵ܱ꣬ȡ
򷨽Կգһн⣬ȳɾչޡ֪յںδαԵľ㣿
ҶС֮ԣֵ
Ǻǣյδδȥһܶϣȥֺγ֪Ϊյ㣬ⲻ֪Ȼۣ
ҶСЦЦ˵ƺִҪҶСıԼִҶСȴ޶֮ģĵҵĵ߶ԶԼѡ񣬺αǿˣҲǡˣŻ޷£ҶСȴƵһ㣬ȫں
ǼΪ֮ĳһУƫԻ󣬻ΪԼΪԼ׷յܶȴ֪Ȼ;ֵĲ·ԻյԶ
ҶС˵ȥأȴ
ȺսұΨսֹս
ҶС֮ԣϴǰҶСƣƺҲѾľƽ˵Ļȴɱ֮
ҲãʡΪοߴ֮ȨģҲΨһս粻ԣҶСãҲ˵ƺֻѰһ㣬һ䣬㻰һת仰֮Ҳɱ֮񲻹һˣսֹս
£ҶСͻȻ˲Ԫָ࣬һХ֮ͻĳնȥ
ķӦǼ죬治ɫıһ¶߶㿪ֻһԪ񣬵ռ˼ֶٵơҶС˲ͻȻҲüܡͬʱ֮ҶСǰγ˼ƣҪһҶСĶ
ͻȻ֮ʣҶСͬһһֱĽҲͻȻͻԪֱ˹ȥ
ʱΪͲս͵͡ȻҶСΪԸһЩԵ֮սδҪǿҶС񡣺οʱҶСԵеҲֻһԪѡ
ҶСȻ֪ıڼٵĿţѾ뵽ʶ̽鷶Χ֮ڡһӶݵͬʱҲڲʱͷųһҶСжֱӺҶСҪ˺
ֻҶСֱ̧۲ٿؽһɲǣȻһߺĲһĽƺҶСֱۡǰĽƿΪ˾ȿֱӽͷ­նϣҶСǲǿҪһˡ
ǱϾҶСҲΪҲﵽھͬȵˮƽᱻһˡ΢΢һšžһǽƱ㳹鿪
һԽƹҶС񣬿ȴδһЧҶСƤⶼδйһ˺Ҳ֪ԼһƷ˺ҶС񼸲ܡҲͲͽֻͣǴһֱӶȥֻдܹҶСһս֮
ڵĹȻҶС˺ҶСĵȴδӹΪһ򶼻ԶȴĹ˿ûзӦ飬һңֻһƷʩչûʲôɱԵġ
ıҪ֮ǰҶСĽҲס
⻪ҫ֮󣬴ҶСٶȽٻأеķɽԼʱԭԪ֮ѾûκټӦģȴҶСһСһյ
һķԪҲ޴ӴܣҶСն±

㣬ˣ
ıڷһҶС㷢ϵϢԶԼԤҪ˥ࡣڵǴգȻǸովһսģ
ǡǰħս֮ϡﵷңҲΪڸϻܴ˴ˡ
˵ոҶСɱʱȻ֪ҶСսΣ˼ɡȻǲȴҲδ
Ǻǣħܹ֮˵ĵҲ֪࣬ĸһ
ҶС񵭵һЦ˵浭ȻҶСȴҲ졣Ϊܹ˵ֻħħѣǰĴսʼ߲㼶ħǲδġĪȻ
ʹȻվһսǱ˴ȴ֪һսڴʱԴʱûƴɱıҪҶСѾ֪ڷϣɲѹ壬Ҳ֪ڲǵյ㣬Ҫ׵龳磬ôͱֱɲ׷ɱҶСϣ龳֮ˣʱ뻹ҪԷ֮һͬ͵ɲ塣
֪ȥħ򡣡빡֣֪˵Ż׳һħ޵ʬ
ҶСһУʬ㱻ץڿСһòԼǿǡۼħ


 ʨӴſ
ѹˣǽħɱˡ
Ȼħħ֮һ磬Ҫȫˣ
ҶСʶʬ˵ʵԼжռ䣬ħϵЩĵģҲǾӹڰˡϾҶԨھӹ
һսȴڴʱΣֵΣ֮ʣҲֵħֻҲ±áĹһʬӦôǡ
˵֮ǰȫˡǰҪսֹսȴǿ͡룬ȻҶСսԶǰԤ롣ԼܴˣδüָҲò˿ڡ
ҶСЩսȴǰнȻͬı仯ȻԤϡδҶСʩչ䱾ɽҪ֪޵ĽޣȴʶսʱҶСǴսһĻǱȻҪԴġ
һħʬѣĪҪԴ˾ͨң
ҶС񵭵һЦ˵˴ĿȻﵽֵ֪ħѾдơиǼҪȥѰҶԨ֪ʱһսӹһսΪһЩ
ҵʿҶѴߣίɵĸ߽ʿȺɱЩ׷⻹֮ΣǾ֮ΪҶΪˣӦȲʵɣ
Ȼˡʵ֮˵ġͻȻҲδ뵽ҶСΪôʹﵽ˾ˡ˴Խ֣֪ԼǰҶСս˽һֱƫġû˸ոյͱơǴǰҶСһεơɱǷʿǿɱˣɱԪ񡣲ҲԪʵ̫࣬ҶСɱһȴûʲôӰġΪ޵ĹҪһԪ񲢲¡
ҾģĸƾӶ֣ҶСʵʣ׽оСʹˮѿŹ
˴ҶС񱾴þյģ֮ƺԼӱҪζԴԼһ㣬ָı⡣
֪ʲôʱҶСܹܵվڵٶȶΪֲ֮ٶȿһ˵ģûСܵĴ˳̶ȣҪȫָȴҲһʱҶСҲںʱԼôһʱ̵ʱ䡣
·ͬѰ༸ɵʿȻõϢԺҶԵƬ̸̣Σ
лڿҶСٲߣȵ༸ʿҲ߲ˡ
Ҳã㲻ͽĻҲһȡҲ֪µΪʱߵĻߴ֮жûܹסɣҶСȻóк壬ҲֱӦתͷίɵֵǰһսĲСίȻȺףǱ£¿Ҫȥˣ
ҶС˵ĲСǼ٣ҪȥίȴġȻףΪԼǿ˶ãɶûʿЩ߽ʿǶ붼ǰȥħĸ߽ʿսȥˡæϻأȴ˺棬ֻͷȸ˻Ҳɺ֮£ҶСлὫǿ˻ɱίҶСҪУȷѾˮɵ顣
Ҫʲô
ҶСҪȥģڻǲòɿڣҶС̸
ģȻòװ뵱꼸û̬ȴѾȻͬҶС뵽гһԼּۻۣʤݵİںɽ
˴θڣ
ԵҲֻ˫Ŀ֮һ˿΢죬һֵ˵ҶСʨӴ󿪿ȻԶԤڡһίʧοʤݡ
˵ȴ̸ҪڴӦҿֻҪаáҲҼ֮Σòȥ˼̫ʿȻ
ҶСĻѾ˵ףҲضԡҪ֪ӦֻҪҶСԸ⣬պ󹥻κһ˭סߴܹ֮סҶСĶݷʤ˴ɣ˭ܹ֪ҶСȥĸɣοûֵܹסҶСġҶСһսģʤ֮гҲˡ⣬Ҳ˵ҶСɱʿǱҶСΪµɶǲħ֮սġ
ҶС⹥ʤݸɵĻһҪʧٵҪҶСҪķѲٵ
ʵˣӦӦҶСǳԶ˶ʤݵ
ǴӦҶСȻʧ˲ٵǷȴСҲʱȥ˼ҶСΣ
ȻէһҶСʨӴſڣתһ룬ҶСҪȴſڿӡʤҲܲסҶСĲʳֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬˵ǰںɽٶҲ̵ȥΪ˻ɱһħѾԼ˲ˣħ廹ħǸѵ͵
Ӧҿɱ֤ħ֮ǰΪС⣬һҪȥħһˣʱҲǣһħ
ҶС֪һʱò⣬ֲ
ֻħ֮ǰôĳҶС񡣶˫Ŀһּᶨ˵ãҴӦ㣡
Ǳô˵
ӦҶСȴҲֻǵһЦƺһԤ֮һ㡣һȴռߴڲֿȱ޷ʱԮ˵ıˡȻг֮Σɣ֮мںЩû߼ʵĶںģֻܹõѡ
νûܹԤʲôʱһܷץס˹ؼ
һж̫ͻȻҶСȴδŹת˲ŵĺûᡣΪɽδɣҶС˵ĴֻǾȳҵʿѣ񲻽ίɵĸ߽ʿһٲһһıշ˶ʤݵİںɽв֮࣬
㣬еĵͼ϶ѱҪǵԼ֮ԣ
ȡһöһ˲׸ҶС
ҶСٵУʶһ̽һ޴ĶʤݵͼһС˵ͬСʵһ㣬ֻЩ϶ɫıǱ˸ҶСһȥܹףȻʤΧҶС


 
ҶССǶʤݷΧһ룬ҪࡣֻҪϸһᷢЩƷһѡ
Ҫ֪ʤ֮߳ɵռţռ˰ʤݵҶСȻȥСʵɵġ
ãôЩˣҶСӦ˸á֣㽫ЩȻȱȻҲȻĵģȴδ˵ʲôֻ·ί֮˵ȻˣҶĳȥȡ߶š
£ҶСȻʩչ˲֮һ̤̤գʧ֪ȥ˺δ
ҶСոյ̬ʱĸɴ࣬ĵȴӿһ˿ǡԼԼȻףô򵥵ذϷҲ֪ҶС񲻿ܿҶСȴһֵĿҲδ˵Ӧ²Щ֣ʹͻҶС˵ϸ֣һЩԼţҶСſ
ĵԽ룬ԽǷҶСĶ̫죬ȴȻҲټһ˿ԤУҲֻܹĵס

ٶʱҶСѾίˡ
һ߼ŶݹֱԶȥһóһöʤݵͼ΢һ㡰žһ飬촷۴ҶСָʧ
ЩǵȻμҶСУȻҪһö
⣬ҶСҲûΪ֮бʱֽȥۡҶСû۵ıҪȻԼĳŵۿۣôԼԼµŵصʲô̶ȣҲҪһۿˡ
ļ棬ҶС֪ԼʱȻȥٴڡڵһ屻֪תٴεռŵˡ
ʵҶС񣬻Ƕ֪ʵǵһ˶ѾΪǰ׼áҶСеĸеľǶڵ񱳾תεļ䣡
ܹڶʱΪҲǡЩתļ䱻ġ
ҶСɶݵͬʱҲһԪ뵽ϸС

ϸռ֮У¡ܷܷͶϵҵʿؾۣһǴΪϲ
ҶСķ˾Թ¡ʱƽҶСһЩܷܷҶС˴Ķ֮£Ҳһİȥ
λιˣ̫ˣ
ҶСһæ·˲ŷ׷
С˴Ѿ뿪ίɰɣ֪ǿ˵սˣ
ϸռ֮е޴֪ģһҶСΪĵģǸոյսôˡҶСɷˣӳġϾһսǾһЩмܵġҶСæǽϸȻǷʲôµΣաʵΪġ
Ƭ֮ҶС㽫Լ½һ˲ŷȴǶҶСһţΪǸ˺ǿȻǲ𣬲սʤһĴڡڣȻСյʱ䣬ڶʤ綥Ĵھôҷˡжһֲʵĸо
ҶС˵µҲԼѡˣҶС񽲻֮ʣҲɵô̾Ŀһܷܷ뵱ΪܷܷԵʣҶСŻġܷܷҶСʾãµǶԼŮˣҲһֿϧϧҶСܷܷ״ֻϷԼȻǵеŮӵƣܹǿѹߴһͷľͲɣˡ
һҲͻתʹˡϾǰǽȴΪҶСĸϱҪ֪ҶС֮ǰ̳֮Ѿҵİ֮ءλȷʵڼΪľλãҲѵһλáƷףȻҵʱҪˣ⣬ǻδȫһ̳֮ĵҩ˴᲻ˡҪ˵ĻҪɵĻҲҪɢˡԼ峤ӴҲҪˡ
СԺҾҪˣ
¿ڵҶСδ˵ҵĻȴܲ˵
˵£²ĴΡҵ״ᣬ±ʮֶԲס峤ҶСһܷܷĽףԾĳܷܷһۣȴҲԼֻܷܷһҶСĿ⣬˫ƺôһĨ΢졣ܷܷȴ˿ûмɻֱҶС˫ۣδԶܡҶСһۣתͷ˵˴ΰһ£Ҫǰ̲ܶ¡
ǺǣСҲΪ̫ˡȻŵĺܺãһоɼɵһͺˡ
ۣ֮ࡣҶҲԨԴʿӴԺɵʿһĴҵʿ㶼ɱƣֱ峤ĺ˰ţ֪峤Σ
棿
¼ҶСĻȷһ䡣
Ȼ棡
ãȻãһҾ͵ԱˣкҪҵʿȻҲʾҵӣһСҲɷģ
ҴеɶΪԶǶڼҲԶֻǱɡϾ֮лһѪԵĹϵڡҶСİţҲȥٵǫ飬±ȻӦһ˴һҲˡ
Ǻǣµ滹Ҫ鷳峤顭
漴ҶСԼ뷨˵˳Ͼ·һӻһȻģѾСȴһɢɳһѾҪΪһţȴһ顣̳֮һ˵ȷ޷ùҶСҪһԼŵù֮˰ԼµȻѡ
δ뵽С˿¡㲻ȻҲΨоΪҶС˵棬ɸпΪˬ죬¾Ӧ˼˵ҪӴӵҪϲٵĹ򣬿Ҫֲǣ
ãôԺұ峤һͬʦ֣ƣ
ӣЩڵʿҶСţûʲôӡʿô̳֮࣬ҲܲôϸġͱԹģ˰æȻҲΪĵġ


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ȻΪǱⱻħϮǱġݡҶСϮò²ᣬһڰ׼Ʒ׸õеʿЩϢ紫ķʿ˱ɱϢϵ㶼֪ˣһֶǰĴɵĶԿ֮䵽ơ
ǡΪֲ²⣬Сֵɲδ뿪ʵأǵȴҶС֮ʱֱͶ¡Ȼô֮ǰҪԼߴɡ
ȻֻǻɵҶС񣬵Ҫ֪Ƕʤ޵ɡȻǼΪֲġҶСҲ˲ٵΪֹҲжʤݵһɶġ
Ȼ㹻ҶСڴԲˡ
һǴʿԼһҶСҲڼΪٵĲЩ
ڶʤϣÿôһ죬һƬÿݽߡ
ǰҶСô֪Ҫöٵʱ䡣ҶСԪѾаΪǿȻͬʿ˵һЩǿ̶ȴԶʿɱȡ
ҶСһ뿪˰򣬱㽫ȫֻһʱٶҶСԪԱ˲ͬ򣬶ÿһ񻹶ͬʱһΧ࣬ҲܲסҶС˶ķͬʱ
ӦҶСҪʱδҶСԪȻҲܹѰʿԪȻҲ뱾вٲģĹûа취ʩչǰĹ㣬֮ҶƷѰҶСһһϵûиʱҲɡڿֻҪиһʱ䣬ҶСԽЩȫϡ

ʱţҶС񲻶ϵΪҲڷٵšǡΪرԵʣԽǵ˺ΪԽҶСȴѾǷ֮˺ΪĸȻҲΪԭҶСȻǾ뵽ϸ֮УȻеļȥΪѾ֪ʲô硣
תۼ䣬Ȼ¹ȥҶСΪĲ˺ɴֻԪĴ䱾ϸռ֮
ΪҶСΪȻ㹻ߣֻһֱûбչعڷһֱࡣֻǱչظգԪԪһ֣ҶС뿪ϸռ䣬Ҳ
һȻδҶСٶȴ
ǰҲǴʱ⣬ҶСѾЩǹȫݽߡΪҲһ˳˷ڴԲ硣ֻҪҶСԸ⣬ֻҪһЩʱԽ׵龳硣
ȻĻҶСҲҪܵɲʿ׷ɱ״ȴδǸʱΪȻԺˡҪ֪֮зڵʿܹôһЩܹзڴԲģȴûһ
֪ҲӦҶСҪֻҶСΪٶȷֻҪҶС鷳ҲԼȥҲڡңҶСĲ໹ڲϵļӴҪ׷ҶСҲ֪Ҫˡ

һԪع飬ҶСȻʤа
Ͽգ֮ͻȻһ󲨶һӰǲ֮д߳һһǰǰ˵̽Ԫɻء
ȻȻ˶ʤҶСˣҪȥħȥѰҶԨǸոշɻصԪҲǰɳ̽ħ֮ʽġ
ҶԨѾӹħ˾õʱ䣬ЩȻҶСδǰȥѰȴһֱҵ취̽ϢҲ֪Ȼħ򣬵ȴʲôΣաΪӹħūƺӹǴ㽫ͳԼµĵһ֣Ծħ磬Ҳδɳ
ҶСȻͨ徳ڵĴħһΣٴǰΪǰȫͬľ磬Ȼᳵ·ûκεĵ顣

ͬʱڶڡҲ֪ͨηȻܹ֪ҶСĶ
ȴֻüǵ˵ҶСȥħˡ
ȥħˣҪֻɡȴȥħ˿ǲ׷ˡ⵹ΪЩءô˵ұǺµģ
ˣһ֮ԣ˵
ǣҿδءȡɣȴʹ˰ˡΪǴħǱħ֮еħ˧δܹҶСĶˣȥħһò˱ɻط
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ϣ̫͹ҶСʵˡ˵ʦǸϸ֮СټҶСħ˧ħܵһƷ˸ħūֵܹĵ֣ҶСȡ벻׷󣬶ʹ㽫ʤɵȻȫҪֺαؼһʱȡɡ
˵Ļǿɸô졭
ǱΪϵҲֳɫüͷ˵
ˮ£һֱӡԼΪҶСʱҲʱ⿪ӡ˰ɣҲҪеļ⿪ʱˡ
ԭ֮һһֱδ˵֮ˣǡǴҶСжݷˮ¡ֻʱȴҲǵ˵ͷȴδ˵
̸֮е˼ƺ˵Ϊδȫ̳У¶˾Ҫȫ̳С
ʵҲԼı仯̳һּ䣬ΪȻȴԼıԶʵȻ֪Լˡ

ҶСһ֮У·ĴšЩ֮Удħ߳һ棬ȴޡħЩ˵ޡħޡ޵ʬصħСˣҲ֪˻ȥԳʵʬȥˡ
Ѿַ˶ݺܹһΧԵΧѾǵĸڣԲǵصޡħռš


 
ħ֮սѾ꣬βͬǣһļ롣˫ˣ󶼻ɳʵʬԴԽǵ˺棬ħԽơ䷢չȥߵҪΣˡֻǲ֪ǷѾв
һҶСһֱӷɶһ߷ɶ֮䣬ҶСҲʩչǿĶݷµķ۳ΣһҶСΧ
ЩʿδҶСټʱֻǴϵһֻǴĪĺȻը˿ȥûʲô
ҶСΪЩȻ޷ΪڵͨͺñһСС϶ڣݵһͨҶСȴҲȫҪǴŲУֻҪǴָħڱáǿԽֱӵħ֮£Լȫ
ΧеޡħҲ֪ʲôΪǴ޶˶˵ըѿʱҶСȻڤС
Ƶ֮УҶСֻ
ƽ͵ݣһ̬װէһȥƺҶСһһε˲ûʲôͬ
ʵҶСһıӻŵԻ뿪ȴѾǴҪͬħħ֮һľӹսһĴڡ⣬ҶСһֱ޷͸ΪεҶСƵĻҲһս
ͷһ·ǧ֮ңȪҶСڵΪȻǹɻȪʯЩʲôرôӵڿԽռһԪֻĹ⻪һԱ·ȪϷʼǻȪ
ҶСڴʮԪͬʱȪԼıֱԶȥҶСһˣѾҵڡ
񣬵жĽɴšȴڷħֻص֮С
ҶСʶոųȥܿһϢϢǡɢҶС֪֪Ϊ޷ʹʶϢߵ̽õĳˡ
һ·ҶС񿴼·ħʿϵĿ֮С֮ħޣ治֪ǴġҶС̽鵱Уȴڵֻصвû̫ʬڵÿһʬΪĴڡ
˵սѾ꣬ħ˶вСʬӦúܶ˲ǡһֱ뵽սʬȴһֱ̫࣬˿ʲôǿʬ
ҶСڻˣڣã
ҶСоԶЦԶԶĴ˳ƺڵȴһ
ǰĪڵȴ£
£ҶСȻ˽磬뵽ֻصСԶѡ
ҶСȻǷڴԲ磬ܹΪΡȻʲôţȴӦҲǷͬȵľŶԡ
ҴֻؾڵһˣȻв̶ܹ˳ɾͣһη뿪Ȼû
ƺʮ˷һ㡣
ԭ׹ΪֻؾҶС֮ԣа֪ͼıԼʲô֪һս޷⡣תһ룬ȴǳڵ׹ҵȷС˵»Ҫлǰǡ
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ڱ˽ߣȴɡҵҪ֮ȥ߸ħ˧ֻҪ߸ħ˧ٻ֮
ħ˧ħ֮кʱ˸ħ˧ĪǱǵղ֮ˣ
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߸ҲȲѣѽ׷ڣԽն£
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Ҳ˵ħгħ˧ҶСҪҶԨҲҪһϰ
ǺǡͻȻЦһݵֳģ˵ڵδشù߸ħ˧㻯ʬ֮ٽһͨգһҪħ˧һսʤȯգ
˵ŻͻȻһתֳɫȵҪʬȴҪ
˵֮ʣ·ζȻת䣬һͷ˿ֱŸҲ߱䳤һͷιһ㣬ߡǡȻΧɢѪĹâһ䣬ֱҶС
һϲŭ޳ӡӱ䱾ҶСоԼ̬֮ʲô˵Ķԭŵġ̸֮⣬ԭΪǻʬ˵ʬȥΪջɡĻٵҲʮֲֿ
һμԼʱı֣ҶС֪Լ˽뻹ͣһμʱӡΪ˹°񱣬Ǵ̽ҲǲмȥԣҶСսΣ䳣ȻҲһҶСƸһ֡
ֻ֮壬亱е֮壡սǿ޷ɱֻܽмɾսҪ֮ƽѹƣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶСͻȻһ벻ģȻҶС˵⻹ǵһϸ֮иҶСֻܹԼҶСѡ˿ڽΪˡ
飬ô֪ģ
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ͻȻ֪ˡոǼ٣ʲô顣ȴͻȻЩ޹ģƺһжȻġͦƤһЦ˵㣬Ҳֻ֮壡˵ôôˣֻҪ˯˯ͺˣ
ڿԷǧԴʱҶСԻҲӰս˵֮ʣҶСȻָûɽâǱڻ齣֮еսһϲܽսҶСȴҲ塢ΪսһҲ䵽ơ


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ҶС˵Ӧ֮ʣǡһնͷųֱһʮɴСѪ⡣ѪƣȴĲŰҵҶСǿ绤ӣŲܵʲôӰ졣
һնһѪ⣬ҶСսһšǰѣҶС˿ԥһֲƿ񱩵ͬһ棬֮̽ʮԶķΧһϵĽâҲǧɣ֮նѵأ佣¸Զǧ֮ңƵĴսոտʼһرѾݻٵòӡÿһնһѹȺȻ֣
ڤֻǸԴһЩСͿռ䣬ռԶǰǿҶСնʱ佣â֮ʱһڵĹĻǡ佣âѾն˿ռ磡˽ƣɱβɣ
ҶСһֱ˿飬ܿҲȫʩΪУӵܱѾﵽ˵նԸħʱսֻѪâƣɶ֮ʱ󻹻Ѫɫĳβ˫ۻնÿһ½ѪɫצâǱҶСĻãǱҶС˹ȥģ䶼䵽ԶһöȻԶԶڤǱϣȻδֱӺڤϣһ±㽫令ǽƺƣڤǵһǳ
˵ս˿˼ɣÿһ½ƴɱڤеħ֪ǱߵĴսһǣǶװ׶һ£ڤ֮е˱ἫΪء
ĮħŲܡҶСЩħޱûʲôϵˡ
֪ʱҲͨڣɢźںɫâĶꪡǶͷзУ䱾ȻСǺںɫâʹ֮ȴɱŷǧ֮ң
˫֮һնһɨ±ֻʮεĺںâնֱҶСȥ
âҶСȴȫӶһ㣬ָƽ̹ȥһէһȥҶСҪͬھ˼ָ֮ǰǻ齣֮еȴ۳Ϊһ׳һ㣬ķɽͬʱۣһͬĽХ֮ͬϵһ㣬漴ֻĽ˲ҶСָǰն˫âײ
ʱѪâĳһͬŷ춯صĺ
ý֮еĽ˫â໥ҫ۹âʱȴֻڽ֮Ľ֮Уһɫ񲻿ɵĽâֱƽ̹ȥһâȻֻʮɳâҲҫۣǴʱһýеЩɽΪ֮
֪ҶСһ˫ꪺʮһתһ˫ꪱ㻯һʮźںɫâβתһȦ˻齣гϹķɽŷâһת㼱ٵתŷ˳ȥֱҶСһײȥ
ҶСȫĽâʮֶꪻδײЯıѾʼһʱֱ֮ڤҲΪ֮ܵӰ졣
֮ϣȻúǴ͸ˮһӳճǽâӰǽâĹԣȻҲǽӳյһƬ죬ǻ¯һ㡣ҶСâһߣʮֶꪵӰͬ󷽵ҲֻһƬĺںɫһʮֲĸо
ǿܶԳ壬ഥһ̣ᱬֲĳ֪ʶ˴˾ħȴȻӴܣΪۻɼⳡķΧ֮ڣӵﶼãԱⱻǹĲ
һеĸ»δֳҶСȻʼ˵ڶιֻͻȻһӰ漴ǰָ˳ббһ
Ҳ벻ҶСսԼᴦڱȻ˫ꪲУȴҲʾָֻǽڴִ󡢱ƤɿݵúֻǼӲĹͷצӵ˫צһͬץһצץҶСһâ֮󣬾ȻѪɫצâȫҶСâ⡣漴һצϣһצץһѪɫצâֱҶСץȥ
ǣҶСȻδȥֵһצâצâҲʵʵڵҶСϡצâһҶСϣҶСα˲ʱģȥǡȻǰٶʩչ˲֮
ƺҲ֪һͻȻ˫צץȥ
˫צµʱǡҶС¶Ρ˫צҲֵֻһãϵɫ㻯һɫһҶСǰΪһǽ
ǰĽ֮ȻܵҶСɫҲ̫ðʧͻȻֹסΣֻƾץȥצâɫȥԼȴɫκεĽӴ
ͬʱҶС棬ҲδţָҲʱ򴩹𹹳ɵĻǽֱǰնȥ
ҶС񱾾Ϳڽâ佣âĻǽʱմȾ˲档±㽫ָâһȼɫľ޽ֱǰնȥ
ֻҶСָâȼܵ𣬱צâԡһν֣ȴҲҶСǰһâһ㣬û̫𺳵ࡣһȴ֮ǰ෴ҶСĽâһɵצâֱն˹ȥ
ʱһʮֶҲҶСĽâײڸ֮зɽĹ
ǹ΢ɢȥһЩʱȴǡǡҶСһնն
ʱһĻȴˣͻȻǻһûʵĺӰһҶСһնͬն˸һ壡ֻǱնеĵطһĨӰ
ҶСδս㼱æԼٶȶ˿ȥһ˿һץȻʮεʮֶץСһֶꪣͬδܵκ˺һҶС
ҶСǵһҲǵһμʶ̽ȴҲƶһʵȻܵ˲ٵ˺ȻոֱӳǸᷴҶС񣬶Ǽæ˿ˡҶСܹܵõһ֮ڵ࣡
ٶȹʱ˫֮еɫҲϷʣ˫Ѫ죬ԽĿҰƴ˻ţӺͬҰһ
ҶСȻܹһʼնһӿҲǲ塣Ҫ֪ΪֹҶСĹûСҶСõڼ׵ĻҲδһΡ


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ڣղһҶСһ仰ѰķʿҶСʵʵڵնУȻѱҶСΪ˵ԪҲҪˡȴɥʧһЩڵѡ
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һҶСǵǷ켫˲֮β֣Χ⿴ȥΧ֮ͬʱҶС񣡶ЩҶСҲͬʱ޽ҪϵҪһ
Ȼһεս񡣾ǧļ䵱УҲδʶܹ˲֮ʩչ˾ġҪ֪˲֮ʩչʱҲǺķѼһ㶼ʩչʩչܹ˲ƸǼޡҶСȻ֪һ˲֮ʩչ˼ٴ֮ࡣ
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⣬еʮֶҲʱ򳹵ױһģʮΣΧƵĺںɫâѾڱ䱾״ҶСܹܵʱƺҲڼʮֶꪣȻϵǿܱʧһ
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ҶСȻ֪ǳȴδԼĵơ
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ͻȻҶСȵֻҲʱ仯ԸʯһϸܵۼףҶСҲһӵצ͸ߴġȥڵĶħɢſֲ񱩵ϢҶСϵۼȴɢʥĴ׹ԣһֱַĸܣ
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ҶСһն£ȴֻҪȻȻȻǱ㿪һնĹ켣ϣȴһεĻɫĹ켣ϸȥǻɫڤյɫ
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ֻһһ˲ǸոջֻŶҶС񹥻ǿҶСȻӲҶСĳҲҲȥܿһŽ⡣
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һԼƣ±һԣ֪ͬһʱҲ޷ƿ±㽫ìͷתһͷǣΪǣжҲҪܵơ
ڽ˿İ»һѪâֱȥʱҶСһ˲ȻӺ׷һ̳ıģ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʱ·ͣһ㡣ոջӲŽ˿ƣŬ̽ʮֶ׼Ҫ־ôͣڵİաԼҲͻȻͣ˶
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һѪĿһѪȥԼе綼ȾʺɫɺѪڽ˿ϣȫ˻˻Ǳ˿һ


 
ǲŵĻͷԼؿڡһз̽а߶೤һտɫϲ⻬Щ͹ϵɺѪȥ¶ԭ͸Ʒɫ
⣬ܡʵѾ۵ף޷ԼȻıǳˣͻȻ̧ͷͻȻһ㣬ѹ֡ԭҲֻ֮壬һޣҲ
ڴʱĻδ˵꣬ȴͻ
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ģһ˿˿Ľ˿³Լϡ⵹ҶСεģ֯ˡ
ûõҶСһս֮ĽҶСʶ֮̽󣬷ûʲôõ״ʱӵǰģһ޶Կ״Ͳôˡ
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Ӹڤ֮·Ծǧڤٴɭ޵ҶСͨ뵽ħ֮ˡ
ɭ޵ԭħľס֮أȴҲвļΪԸһЩħפЩʿҶСһսʱѾҶС·ʱ׽һʩԳʶ֮еõ˲ٹħϢ

ħ򣬱ֳᷢɫǺɫɫɫȻ谵ɫ⣬֮޼ֻǺһ˵磬ǰѡʵҲѹ֣ϾνħҲһֻ֣սʱӰ˶ѡ
ħԶڤ˲֪٣ҶСһ˵أѾ֪ҶԨڡҶСȻ֪һ֮ħ˧ħ޴ڣҲ̫ðʧһΣֱмǵõҶԨڵλ÷ȥ
ҶС֪Լһӹ֣ⲻ˱ħ˧֪ȴҪ֮ǰԼܹȽҶԨȳʱ򲻹˻޺֮ǵ롣

ˡƼһ˰ɣ
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ҪҪҶԨŮžӹֱ̧ۣžӹʵǹѣɲһսҶԨ˵ҲͰˡǸ̥ǰˡ
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ӹüëһһЦʵ
ôᣡֻǲ뿴ܾˣռ˱˰ˣҲ˵統еˮ£µǸ߸һֱڻҪһͳħˣ
ǺǣЩ˵߸ֻǸħūȴħΪɲһΣǡǴ֣֮ȥڴ֮ǰкҪһ
ֻǣҶԨƴ
ƴĻʲô˼зִ磬㲻̫ģһԷĹսǣ
ӹ˵꣬±Ȼһݹ⣬ŮһֱͬҶСķȥ
ھӹŮֱҶСȥͬʱħһڰѨ֮Уһ֮һͷѪɱ֮СһˣǡȻΪӹħūҶԨĶ־ȻѾһͷѾзھޣ
ʱҶԨȻȫֵɱ֮УҶСĵȫȻ֪
ѪԡǿʤԭʼеʱսֻΪսĿжѣûԭ򡣶һսľӹȻǰѡսԼĵһλ
ʵҶԨĳЩӹԸʮơӹѡΪԼħūҲԭҪ֪ҶԨǹսһս֮·Ҳ߲ȥ

ҶСּˣ
ԶԶģӹδܼҶСĶݹʱ򣬱ѾԶԶĺ
ǣӹΪΣҲ˵Ҳ֪Ҵ֮֮ҽԿɲȥ׷Ȼұֻб
ҶСЦһ˵
Ȼھӹոպͣ˶ݹʱҶСҲͻȻǰԶֳӹȻѾ֪̽ҶС˲֮֮һ㿴Ѿǿķʿˡ
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ԭҶԨڲɵҲƵģ
ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢ھӹŮӡװȻ䵱еļͬòȴδ˿ı䡣ֻһۣҶСϳתһ룬˵ҶԨΪȺıʹǾӹƵˡ
ҶԨǸֳСŮƼˣ
ԭȴǽƼ˵ŻЦһǳǳ˸ʩĶ


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ҶԨ־ᶨǾսĥ³ô׾ͱռġǾӹҪռһʿΪԼħūҶԨҲԱռݡԣҶԨŻ־˸ıңҶС껯ΪȵҶԨ֮ǰȻҶС֪ıҾҲǡһδεıԱòǰᶨֻһʱԻ󣬵˺Ա˳ռӶƣ
ǾݹҵĽ飡ɱ㣬ҴħūҲȻ
ҶСƶȻͷųһΪҲʱ˼¡ͬʱ֮䣬ҶСҲϸ֮һѡڴкбҪὫͬʱٻ価콫ӹܡ˵ħ˧ʿڣҶСҲӹһսϵ̫á
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СŮи飬λһԣȴƼ˾Ҫ֮ʣͻȻϣҲδ˵ᣬֱ˵ǶҲǰ֮꣬ͬꡣɱƴֻǷָʤáҲ˺ֶԾʤֻһ֮䣬ҲֻһжʤΣ
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ӹƼǲӣֻ֪һжʤôվϲٵıˡ˵Ƽƫ̻˼
ھӹĻδ˵ʱ򣬾ҶС˵ͬ⣡ұһжӮˣ㽻ҴҶԨ
Ŷӹû뵽ҶСᵱͬáȻ˵ұҲӦ㡣ɾʹ죡ɣ
ҶСǰȻʱһս׼ʱȴֽ˫ۻһ̣һɢƵĿ֮Уɢ˼ϢָоҲĳǿȴ塢ʱĸо
ܿ죬ֻɲ䣬ͼ˴ҶСΧĿռ֮ͻȻʮѷ죬žͼзɳʮӰǡҶС񵱳ȪϷȪʮԪ
ҶСڤȻȥգȻȪδȫҲѾһ롣
ʮԪһڣҶС˫۱˲ʱһ̣Χ񱩵ͬĳֳ֮һĺɫۼáǲ֪ʲôԭֵİ߲Ӱһ
˼ҵġǬһδƹħ˧߸һҲΪɵСģҪҪϳҪ磡
ӹҶСɵѵǰĻǵҶС񣬿ǵ˺ȴֱ˼ҪҶСŭһ㣡
СǬһұնǬ
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ӹǬһȻһУԴݻһСҶСһն£ǽâǰȴҲһīĽâһâ˳ҶСնȥķ佣âǰ䳤ͷųһһķɽ·
Ĺ˾ӹǬһҪ乥ơҶСһն£ӹǬһͷųĺâȴڻδҶСâʱ򣬱ѾбҶСâǰһڽâˡ
⵹ҶСնһɫжǿܣҲ˵ǬһˡʵȴҶСһȻħ֮ԶĿռնһɫʲô⣬һռѷ죡ԣӹĹȴǱĵǴ˿ռѷ죬˳ȥ
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ȭͷ˶ȥҲ޲

⻪ɢȥֻ֮ʣˡ
ҪңԶԶǸոΪ˶˵ƴɱò˱ܵԶԶƼɫæžӹ˹ȥ
ٿҶСӹȴֻվȵĵطδƶλáҶСȴΪ佣âΪھӹǬһ֮пһȫͬԲδܵһӰ졣һߣӹĲȴһâɢȥĲѾһӣɢһƵĺϣڽɢȥͬʱ˿ҲۿɼٶȻָšһССĿȴˣֻôʱǾٵͷֱδüֱϣȴС۵м䴦жϡ£Ѿ֪ȥ˿ڴҲɢŨҵĺС۴Ҳ׼µơ
ԭڸոһ֮УҶСĽâնӹǬһӹҲǾǿȻֻ̧࣬۵ֵҪ֪ҶСǽâѾǬһƵԶʱķҪǿǽâֵܹģ


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ģֱ۱ڽâնһ˲ˢˢնϡҲҶС˾ӹȻ˿ȥܣ֣ͣȻͲֱ۱նϣǴӲʼֱһֱնϣ
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ӹƼ֣ҶС˵һ䣬תŶݹֱԶȥ
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þӹػƼ㴫˹

һߴڣͬɺ͵ĸɽϣһаҵľ޴ɽ
ҶԨ
ҶС񡢾ӹƼ˱վǶǰ档ֻӹҲ򵥣ʲôֻ֮࣬ǵĴѡһʱ䣬ɽ֮
ʵδɽʱҶСѾ֪ҶԨڴ˴ʶ̽鷶ΧѾ֪ڡ
ԼĪ˰ʱ䣬Ƕڴ˶ֻһӰ˳лһٻɫϻճճҺŲЩŻӰȻҶԨ
ӹ˵ã㲻ҵУҶԨһֲ˵һ̧ͷ֮ʣȴվھӹԶҶСһʱ֮ϾǾȺϲɫ˵Сˣ
ҶԨ㣬ֻһƤ㣬֪ʲôʵģȻáէһȥǸǵ׳׳ȴѾӵߵģһ̸̽ͬһʵļ⣬һ˿ҶԨȻһħˣ
磡ҶԨĸıҶС񲢲㾪ȣû뵽ҶԨ֮ҶԨȻܹг֣ɻ˾ӹһۣҶԨǰ˵磬ָ˼䣿
ҶԨδڻشֻصͷһ˺һöٻɫЩĵĴ˺룬һһ롣ҲֻǺһʶְһ͵ټһȴҲһµֱʳ˿ȥмֹ졣
ȼƷҩȴҪֱӷʳһɾʧЧˡҶСԼмֹҶԨ͵ɻһҵѵ㻹֪
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ҶԨ˵ĻӹͻȻ˵δ䣬ѾƼŶݹԶȥܿ㲻Ӱ
ӹþӹڴʱȥҶԨͻȻ򣬺һ䡣ŶҶС˵ĶȻ˲˼˵
ԭҶԨǴ֮壬Ըӹŭϱ;һɱ֮ҶԨ֮ʣѾӹע⵽Ȼӹע⵽ҶԨʵҲҶСҶСɣӹҲǲȥעһС֮ҶԨôһġʵǸʱ򣬾ӹѾѡҶԨħū
ԣҶԨŻһγĥ֮ʱɾһλߣֻһ׹ʱǡǾӹ֮ˣǹҲرΪҶԨһ׼򵥣ǡʺҶԨħ幦Ҳ׹һļӾҶԨϵɱ֮ҲΪ׹֪֮УҶԨҲħֻΪ⹦ǾӹرΪҶԨЩħƽضڣᱻ䷢֡
˺󣬱ң˱ͬı֮󣬱ǲ֪ʱӹѾҶԨ֪ħūӡҶԨ̫ᶨоӹˣֶΣħūӳѿռҶԨȫ
ҶԨΪӹħū֮ȴһжҶСǰ㡣ΪҶԨһصħ򣬾ӹͷǣָеļ䣬ԼµħūӡʱҶԨûһˡȷΪҶԨӹ֮仹һԼǱǣҶԨֻҪܹӹܣӹջħūӣҲԻ֮ȻҶԨǾӹħūʱ򣬾ӹǻ˵׼ʲôҪǲġǲʱ򣬾Ͷ붼ǾӹҪҶԨȥˡʱҪȥµʱ򣬾ӹı𲻱ضֻҪҶԨħūǰȥˡ
ʵҶԨȻǾӹħūʵȴΪĵм񡣶ħūӵҶԨڳʱܻᱻ֮⣬õԭҪħܹħʿȻӹڶԴҶԨãǱϾռҶԨǣʱԽһʬ⡣ҶԨĵ׶ҲʲôøоԼȻΪгһܹӹܣһΪʵǿ󣬾ӹҲӦĺô
˵ҶԨǾӹħūҪôףȻĽҲѾǼ֮죬Ȼﵽħľ磬ҪȴǼΪѡ
֮еϢҶ붼ţԭѾ˸㴫ţ˿Ǳӹ
˵ҶԨݺݵžӹԶȥķ˵ǸӹƺѾǵΪƿƽҲǱʱˣЩСϷȥ䣬ȴǼΪϲˣֹơ

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ӹǰҶСҶԨˣµʵȻѯʣǿ̬ƺ֪Ƕ˻һ
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ȴֻþӹЦЦӦֻǴӦҶԨ㣬Ѿ㡣ȴδӦҪħūӡǣ
֮һս
þӹ˽Ʊ磬ҶСҲ֪˵档ӹĻ£ҶСһȻͷųĽ似ͷųƣѾͬĽâһ㡣ӹս˿ҶСҲֻн˲С
ҶСͻȻ𣬾ӹҲ˿ʾȻǶ֮ϣȴҲɢһɰԵƣҶСԡ
ȴҶСһԵҶԨͻȻֹҶСսһ֮ʱͻȻڶҶС˵СΪҵˣʮָжԼ飬ԼǣοȻӹԼֻҪұɻɣ
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Ȼ֪ҶԨԲϲ֮˴£ҶСȴûа취Լ˵ԼȥҶԨ
ҶԨȴֻҡҡͷ˫֮Ǽᶨ
ãѡеˣ֮ͬϣҶСҴӦ㣬ȥʹҶԨˣ
ӹҶԨˣͻȻһЦ޵


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ҶСȴδӹһ䡰֮ͬꡱһ㣬˿ҶԨֳһתͷԾӹвǺãҷҴΪԭʲô⣬ұҲҪᣡ
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ӹĻ˵꣬˻δü˵ͼþӹҶСͬʱɫһ½һ˲ھӹȴֳ˼˷ҶСϣ֮Ҳֳ˼ڴ
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˵ģȻǾӹˡ˵ʵѾҪħ˧߸һսֻ֪Է߹Լ̫࣬Լʤʵ̫ãһֱδҵʻˡ
ǰ˵ҪҶСĶռ֮е˳ô߸Ͼħ˧磬˴ľ࣬Ƿ̫ðˣ
˵ⵣ֮ԵģȻǾӹԵŮӣƼɴδڴս֮ǰԾӹŹֻӹҪٵĵʵ̫ǿ󡣶ҪģҲǰĲͬ
ҶСʵȻʶ֣ħ˧Ҳһս
ӹƼ˵Իһ㣬ǿҶС̬ȡ
ڴʱȻҶС񵭵һЦ˵ӹҶĳʱ˵Ҫ֣Ȼ߸ΪҶԼӦǡһԿžͺãŮ㵣ģҲʡҶĳ
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ŶһСҲãƼұ㿴Ϸʤħ˧߸
ӹδ뵽ҶС̬ȣħ˧ҲȻıѾãȴһֱΪ֮ˡҶСų˴󻰣ҲҪҶСʲôƣסԵ˿ͷʱ򣬻ҪԼ֣Ҳ
˵գ֮еļ˱Ҳݹ⣬ֱҶСķȥ

˵Ķ׷ҶС񡣴ü뿪ɵ֮ʱҶСȻڼԶ֮һ߰ɵľ˶š
߰ɵľȻħ˧߸һ֪ħƻһ㣬ǰͷҲʮɵĺںɫ˫죬ҲǲС߸δ˫ǵβһ˦нԱߵһСɽΪƽء
ʿҲôħ򣡣ҲãҵѪ֮ȱһζ飬Լţ
߸ĿУٲȻħѾħһ֧ˡ
¹˭ֻδֻ֪ǵɣҪΪ׵ĵʯ
ҶСһЦ˵˵֮ʱȻѺͺڡԼһ˳ͷ֣ҪԸһͷ˫ͷȻ㹻
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ֻҶС˵ʹУһ۳Ρҿǳ͹޻ңڿĽ֮ȴûгĻֱ֣ӱҶСղһ룬·̽ĽٿڵĽϸйӡֿĻƣǴϸϸȥᷢЩ֮оһ΢СַضĹŲУϸȥῴЩ΢СַʲôַһΪ΢СĽƷ
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޷桱Ƿâ޿ƥ֮⣡һͨڵľ޽ҶС۳Σֳֻֽƽ٣ֱָħ˧߸£ҶСȻֳ޷ɽֱħ˧߸ȥ
ȻǺý˧һˣ
޷ɽʣ߸ƣ±֪䲻˺ּƷɫ֪ǷƷɽҲ⶯ġһڵʿֻһƷѵķɽͼԼһս֮ǲ֮£˵֮ʱ߸ȻֱҶСȥʽҲûʲôرȴͻȻһ޴ش֮ʱ¡¡졣ҶСͷѹ£һСɽһ㡣
˳ɱ֮ʣҶСͷѾһħ˧߸˫ͷɶսһţ
ҶС񱾾ѾܹƾԱĳնռѷ죬ΪԼĽâз塣ɽȻͣʣļ֮һȡɽƷ׸ѾԶѰЩһƷɽ
ȴֻҶСһӳ佣â㶸Ȼǧɡǧɽâȼʿ˵䲻ţǧɽâȴԶѰʿĽâʵ
ĸֶԾʵ൱һܰٶꡣʵ̫ȴֻɲ֮ɷֳʤ
ԶԶȥħ˧߸ҶСĵһν棬һ˻ŴӣһֻӬһ㡣
ȫ׼ҶС񲻻óȻ֡Ȼǻ׼ȴҶС˱ٳֵľӹȴۼʶ벻һĻ
ħ˧߸ʹһ޴شȥͨʵȴһڵսħ֮еһΪ죬ǰűħ˧߸ȥո޷ɽഥһ˲ȴֻ޷ɽشײûԤ֮еⱬѡֻҶСе޷ɽͬնһ鶹һ㣬ֻһ£Ľǿ롣
ûõҶСһӵơǴɽĽն˿죬ٶֳâʱ򣬱ֻ޷ɽĽâ֮Ͼʧİ߲״ӰЩӰǱģǡҶС޷ɽնһϸСռѷ졣ֻЩռѷδγһȫɿռѷɵĽѡˣâȻǼ޿ƥУ٣ħ˧߸еһشȻҶСƣ
챻һƣ޷ɽķâȴδж˥ҶСҲûͣµ˼˳̫죬⻪һâһĻȻ񣬱ֻҶС޷ɽڽն֮佣â˳նħ˧߸ϱۡˣҶС޷ɽʱֹͣħ˧߸ֱȻ뿪塣
ǰҶСӹһս֮ʱھӹҶСȻʩչȫͻȻ֣ǴǰҶСҲԴ˽ԼԵеĻĴɱ⣬ôԼһʱʧǰ㡣ôĶ֪
ϾҶС⣬û֪ҶСһɽǰһ̲ŸոմϣճɽͣɾϷɽ
޷ɽ¶âƣҲҶСһֱϵڲɾͽͣڴƷ̥㾡
ɽҶСһʱնʱѾеħ˧߸ѾûжܹܵӲĵֵ޷ɽչֳܣֵܹ˵ġҪ֣һʼͰҶСʵ󡣲ȻҶС޷ɽޱƥУħ˧߸ʵҪõģ


 
ⲻܣܣ㣬㲻ڣôܣ
ħ˧߸ŵ˻УȻ޷ɽ֮±նΣȻϵʹϣȵùҶСٶȸ죡
ܿ죬˵ƺֻһ֮䣬ħ˧߸ӴȻҶСж˿顣ֱֽΪ飬ÿһ϶֮䣬ҶСĽâ
ħ˧߸ȻΪʵȴҲֻһħūѡڵģȴħ֮һħķѡҶСһħ˧߸ˣʹٲħūҲ㳹ױɱħħķȴʱ뿪Ѿûκôħūڡ
㾹ɱҵħūҴħٶȽ֮ʣҪʶ˺ǣ
߸ڷɳһĸͷԭĸͷҪϲСֻм͸ѡȻ˵ȴҲòĿҶСħūնƬҲ֪ʲôȻЩ鶼ˡ
ǱٶȽ˵Ȼ㻹ߣһƷҲˣһΪҽ
˵ŻҶСȻʩչ˲֮ͦٶȳħħķնȥΪ޿ƥУ塢Ϊ޷ɽΪýʩչԪɼ˺
㡪
ħħķٶ˵һ֣Ȼûа취˵һ֣ȴȻҶС޷ɽ֮»һ̣ɢħħʵҲֻ֮зħ򣬱ڴ˴չ硣֮Ŀǰʲô龳ʿ֪ģУҲǲ¶档һܹ뵽磬Ƕ֡ȴħū֮ڤδȥѾҶСɱ
ħڤٵõĽѰĴͷ֮ͬΪȪԲűΪǴšִȴ봫мĲ𣬱ܹͨʿǴǰԽΪߵԽףΪ̫ߣǴű޷ܡҲΪҶС˵ʱֻŶλƾ˲֮ˡҲƣþӹһֱƣ޷ñȥġҪ֪ڴǰ棬ΪȰ취Ҳûõġ
ұѾȥħ磡
ҶСаȴδ˵ȴ֪޷ɽɣһ̨סӴˣ£ҶС޵֣龳ʿҲһս֮֮гˣﻹ龳ʿ
Ҫ֪ҶСһսֻսʤһħ˧ѡǴ֮гɲʮһ⣬޿вˣҲ˵ӴԺ֮еȡԴ֧䣡
ҶСĳ֮ʣڵΪҲڼšҪ֪߸ȻֻǸħūǱϾҲħ˧ħū֮ǼΪӴģҶСΪȻкô
ҶСʶǸҶСƽ͡Ȼƺаڼӵʱ˿Ѱޱ˵ҶСǷ񡢻ԪӤǽڣԴǵ̬ȶıڲʶУȻ֮һϲַΪЩ˶ҶСĵһӡ󣬱ҶСɱһ档
ʤݡ硢硢ħ硭֮⣬ʲô
ҶСԽһ֮ϣĬĬҶСֻҪһص磬龳ֻˮ֮¡һ谭ɲʿҶСֻҪ꣬ҪǻɱҲ¡ӴԺ󣬽ûʲôֹܹҶСһҲ˳
ʤҶС񽫻ﵽʲô磿ǲǶʤݣһֱֵȺ綼ʹΪԼãֽʲô磿
Ҫ֪֮Ȫ֮δҶСõһҶСںЩʮͷе֮õǸʱҶС˲֮ܣѾԻգ˲֮ɵȥռ䡣Щռ䣬ȻҲ硪硢ħ磡
ʦ𣬺ܿԻɣηɲ壬ֻܶҵϸ֮С
ҶС
ص磿
ҶСʵ
Ǻǣһо֮죡һпȥңңڣȴת˲֮䣬ֲ֮ѾҪ棡
֪һһֱĵףǴδڶҶС˵һԸҪʵˡ˵ԼϣܹܵҶСϸɡǴɵһ죬ȴͬһֻҶСϸ֮СУȴһԸҲ˵ȫңɼԸԼҲȫȫĲԼгһܹʵ֡Ǳǡص磬صΪʧֻһƲ֮
Ȼ֮о龳ʿĸǰʲô٣ڻ֮˵ǰʲô˭ܹ֤ҶСڽ֮󣬻ֻ龳磿Ǹʱ¾Ǻ塢ɽپҲпܣ⻹֮ԴѷһƷ֮ϵļƷɽҲֻܹѰɼһɽ磬ҶСĽʲôвǸӹգ
ţ׼ɣһΣҪʧˡ
һ뵽˻ص磬ҶС뵽ڳıôӦԼ˿ھıЩʲôǽ׵龳磬ҲֵܵסҶСˡ
ӹҶСͷͻȻԾӹҴҶԨľһҲѿҶԨк⣬㵱֪
ʮҽһսһʤʤңұջħūӡǣӹδֱӻشҶСֻ˫Ŀ֮˷ܣᶨĶҶСص
ãʱһҴ磡ҶСӦƽҶԨ˵磬ʮ㣡
ãҶԨҶСܣȻΪϲҲӦҴʱҲʮ˷ܣΪһۼʶҶСʵԸ񣬼Ȼܹ飬ôҲһҪˣǸӼü΢΢𣬳һ˲ʮꡭȻһЩȴҲҪһ£ӹҲ޷ȵʮСһսˡ
ȻҶԨֻǳԾڳļ˶ʲôΪСӣһȴҲһֲ䡢
Ǻǣã˱ʮ֮ڣҶԨҲɱ֤ʮУһΣԼУҪҶС˭ʱ㣡
ӹҶԨ֮ǣһѷڵѪȼˬ˵


 Ϧ
ҶԨݸ֮ҶСٶȻصڤ˴ȻħʿԼʬʿȵȣȻȫҶСͬһΣҶСҲȥǡЩħʿԼʬʿȵȣҶС鷳Ѿո㣬ȥǡ
ҶСҲȥΣֻǺ޹˼ɵķȪ֮ϱ㿪ʼ
ȪҶСֱӽԪһͷųٵÿûжԶһԪһѾ

Ȼһ֮أģò
˵ģΪڤľɫȵڤľɫܼһ뿪ϸ￴ǲסĸпš
ʱԣ˿ذޱѩҲڳȴҶС뵽˵ز֮ͬʽǻ˳ǰ˿˵˴ʱǱʮֺ棬ǡÿǿһ
ȪһϣЩű㶼Ҫʧȥˡ
ɨһЩһŵĴţ˿˵
˵ر֪ħһʲô󡭡
ذޱѾǸɽѩһǳԭڹ֮أȴҲܵһ˲˵ǲûָоֻʱж̣ڤȫͬľš
ףħ
ָŲԶͻȻΪȵĺԭ֪һͷδǵħ˼˾˷һŴ죬˻˻ĺֱ˹
˵֮ʣ䱾Ȼɳһɫ⣬һ㣬ֱǲԶһͷֱǱֻļ޾ħնȥ
һ֮УһͷħȻ类ĵɱ
ɱħźһʮֽһ㡣ʵͲǴ˵ôڳԼҲȻԪӤڵʿԸһļ޲һͷͷһɽɱõôţ˱
ôҾ뵱ȥһطЩּħܹһʱͷЩ˼ЦЦ͵תͷҶС˫ۣգգˮ˫ۣʵС磬㻹ǵħô
˫·˵˫ۣҶСԺ֮з·Ҳ˼֮Ҳһ˫һģһ˫ۡʱʯϣԼǰĵϣ̧֮ʣҲһ˫ֻۡǣʱϻΪ߶ʹµۡԼһ˫֣ȴСĵͬһʱˮһ۰Сš
ڵħ֮УҶСһ֪ͬɱ˶ħҲһͬһ£˯֮ʱҶС֪ٴεһлطţǣ
ҶСδشȴֻ΢΢һĨЦ⡣ҶСֻԼһ˫У޷԰Ρûشֻͷȥ˫ȻȻ͸ӣһ˵Сϡ
ĥѣݵİҲ龫ǡȻҶСѾھʱˣȴһɡڣڲȥ˼ʲôΪ֮ȻʲôֵܹҶСȥ˼ˡ
ͻȻҲһʱܿ죬ҲԼֻȻǲδܹ
š
һʱ䣬ȻںδԻʲôڳԾģȻ̷
ˣ˿ЦЦļˣ˫ͣ˿ϣ漴ֳһĨ޵Ц⣬֪ʲô塣
Ͼ˿һҶС񡰳ϡйΣ龰ȻС˼༸˼ˣһԲͬ
ذޱռҶСˣǻһ֪Щʲôͻһ̣˿ġлһʱ侹Ծ˫΢漴ЩڵתȥٿҶСߡһȴǲãһƬǰ̧Ҳ֪ڿЩʲô
࡭
һ΢ƺʲôһڿˮ󣬱ֻѩߵͨ죬תǣֻ΢΢ŲӣĵͷȥԼϵɫΧ
Ϊģ˿֮⣬ҪܷܷˡȻҲǵһμĳ˫ⲻһĨ糺죬ȴδ޴ĵز˫۸һֱҶС˿δ뿪֪Щʲô֮ȴ͸һּᶨ
ҶСΪǳǳָֻո쵽·ʱ򣬱ȻںδԱ߻ʲôˡ;סͣͣȴᡣ
Ϊıһ顱֣ûʱһŨ֮ʱǰְҲ尾һ㣬˿Ȳá
ɿһҶСֻȪϣ㽫ֽӻϸռ䡣
Ȫ֮ϣֻʣҶСɻζһǵ𡣴ʱǾǾڶߵļٴϢҲޱȾ԰Ρ
˻ȴȪʣôһܹҶСıҲ˹ȥһԪһ

ʤݣߴ֮׶ڵϿգҶСӭĶ棬վʮһˡǰľһţվǰˮ£ľǡʤݵзʿ
û뵽ôѾ
ҶС˵ǰƵģֻʱ˵ĸоӵİȻֻڸ߿֮УҲʲôݹ֮ࡣʶ̽ȥ̽鵽ﻹһˡЧǡȻΪһľ磬˲Ż޷ֱЩϢЩؿռϢ
Ҳ׼ˡ
ҶСȻһЦ˵ǲȥ̽ΪǿʣѾ֪ΪԶһҪࡣϸһ̽ᷢҲͬѾǷڴԲ硣⣬Եˮ£ҲǷڴԲ磡
ΪᶸҶС֣ϾҲѾй೬顣ˮҲзڴԲм־ȡתһ룬ˮӹΪ֪ʲô磬Ǿӹ϶ѾǺħԲǲģôˮΪҲ˵ùȥ˿ҲΪġ
һߴȻйԼħ˱֮ǰַߴɣһΪʲô
˵ģȴһĸߴߣһʦĿԼڴԲʿǾȷ
ˮ£ҲҪң
ҶСδ˵ʻһ㣬ֻǽĿתˮµϣʵ


 ɱ
ҶСˮնԾƳ֮δǣҶСһֱˮΪͶˮԼжݷֶһָм
ұɳΪѣҪڵ⣬ȴòΪСҴӦػڣ˥
ˮ¼ᶨ˵
֪ظִֻš㣬Ҳ赲ŵԣȴҲ޿ɺǡֻǣҵ治òΪУҶСǶˮ˵ֶ˵нΪˣڻͷüִԲ򣬴һ㲻κ棡ֻƾ컯
ҶСȻ˵ߴɵЩ٣ҶС񶥶Ҳ޼սѣǳЩ⣬ˮڡ˼ɵҶСὫǷֶ֮ҶСԼһڣֻʲôɵ
ٷϻ廵ݣҵȾʹ˽£Ҳպ
ͻȻڵȻǵȷǶҶСҸ˿ûȥ
桤ն
޵ҶСͬʱֻһûҶС֮˵ͷһõľ޽֮ʱͷδüӦ֮ʣȻն
žžžž
һٵͬһʱҶСնɫ޽Ȼնʿһ֮ǡΣ֮ͷųһơǾˣҶСնɫ޽ʶ룬һƣҲδնɫ޽Ĺɱ
ҶСĻ֮ʱһʿѾ̱ȥ
ϢģҶСϵȻչ˹͵ϮǲܵġҶСȴǰܹȥҪ
㡪
ˮµڼͬͻȻ̱֪ҶС͵Ϯ֮󿪿ڳһߣˮѾҶСսһţ
֪ʱҶС޷ɽȻʣһ裬һɫĽʱҶСʹõģʲôֻֻֻǱѾ޵õĹ潣ԽʽȻڽȻԶԶ潣ҲȻԼ򣬱ȫڣҲȫʺԼĶ
ɱ١
һ㣬ׯϡ¶ƽͣȴȻ̺ϵ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䡭
һ죬⿴ȥȴĪĳ޴ľӣЩ澵ȴһƴһǡǡҶСС
ͬʱˮµҲ׷׼ԷɽȵȣҲֱǵġӡȥ˾֮ǰҲֱͣӷ뾵֮СֻҶСǱУں˾֮С
Щӡ⿴ȥʲôر𣬶ֲ֮ȴֻҶСܹܣ
ҶСֻǾǰͻȻһ漴ԼѾ뵽һĿռ֮С濴ȥǡӡɵĿռ䲻ɴС棬ҶСȴǿ߽ĹеһУޡ
ǴҶСһΧľȴͻȻתҶСͻȻһ漫Ϊᱡľӣ뵽һһ㡣һжոյûκεĲͬҶСǷ֮СֻոյˮµվǰˮȴǷֱҶСΧΧסȴǵУ֪ȥ
ҶСȻ֪ԼĽơĽ֮ԶѰʿʩչҪʲô̻֮࣬ҲͬѰü˵ûʱҶС֪ЩӰпܽĽġǴʶһ̽ȴЩ˽ʵ壬һ޶
𻰣ˮȻֱҶС˹һʱַ֮ɽȶֱҶСк˹
߸ħ˧ҲǱҶСһɱȻ߸ħ˧ֻǸոս׵ħ˧磬ҲҪЩʿǸ˲֪ٱ
𡢽䣬ֻһ佣ͻҶСǰγɣ֮һ佣Ȼŭţ˵âֱߴɵİʿȥҶСԼǳֽǰȥֱˮնȥ
ʱˮ˫һҶСе޷ɽҪӴľ޽˵Ǿ޽ʵ͵սϳն
ֻǼ䱾ɽģҲ֪ˮµʽȻҲʵ޻Ǵ
˫Яնȥ޷ɽ֮£ħ˧еķҪնϣˮһɽƷȴǿҪǿֵùҶСն
ȻҶСԤϣһ֮޷ɽ˿δһģֱӽˮгһնϣ޷ɽǰһֱնˮµڴҶСͣ
˲࣬ɿ
ҶС񲢲ˮ¾ʹֳֽˮʵΣֻҪԸ⣬һȥˮ¶Ȼ
սԵ˾磡ˮһһ䣬ȴ˵ˣҲ̫Сˡսǿ˹Ҳδӵóɱٽƣ
ʱҶСĽİ˵âȻǰɱǼһ֮ԻһĨ⣬ʧ١ҶС֮ʣ佣µˮ¾ȻҲһģ֮һɫ⣬١
ҶСԽֹֻ֮ԶѣδϰԣҲδɱ١ϰֹ֮ʿҲ֪֡
νָľˮԪ֮ҶС֮ռ䣬ȫɴԪɡһУͬӳھеӰһ޷ȥڴΪֲģҪͻҪͻƿռһͻƣΪǿȴʩչ֮˻ɽҲ뵽ֹ֮УЩһУԪ۳Щ˸ԶӦ塣壬ҲͬǾлһ㡣ǻ󣬱ǲ֮
˵ˣɱ֮УͬǱһĿռ䡣Щռ֮лκεˣɱ֮ն֮ġһռ֮нɱȴֻһռ֮ɣٶȳϮ
Ȼ£ҶСԲԶˮµ˵Ȼٶɣ
ȥҵ˲㣬ҲҪ
һոճ͵ʿۼҶС񾪲Ŀ⣬ЦҶС񲢲֪˽ЧէһȻЩȡ
һǶ֮˸ոɵȻٶȱҶСնɱҲֻˮҶСֵһµĿܣ˸Ѿγж޷ĳ̶ȡҶСɱǣһ


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һΣȻˮµٶ۳ΣȴֻƬ֮ѾҶСɱ

ҶС㻹ģ
ˮµٶ۳ΡھҶСҲһ֮ᱻܣĥҶСҲҪĸɾϾҶСҪһԼܣһնĵɲǸС
䣬ҧĵ㲻ǲɣ
ˮʻԱ˰ǻ
ǺǣȻһĴô
ҶСмһЦʵ
㡪
ҶСһʣ˲ŷӦԭԼȻĵѾԼҶСһͷ߳ŭ˵
֪ҧһͷҪжٵͬʱȥҧˣҪϣҲͬʱҧǼҧϸǧ꣬Ҳδҧһͷ󣡡
ȻֻڽƵУҶСƺҲļ
ҶС񣬾ɱ㣬Դ˽ǧҲδܣ
һƴߴһ㣬ȴ˽е˶Ի˵ţȴδ˵ģɱٽĵģΪֱ֮ɶ
ǧܣΨƣȻţ㿴νɱαƣ
ֹǧǴʿӵѾﵽһĳ̶֮һлڵԳΪ˶Ķ֮ʣֱײ
޷ɽһХһ⣬ֱˮڵľ˻ȥҶСδֱָӽǻɱֻסǱá
ҶСԼ˫΢ţֻ̧ϣָ΢΢ţܵΧӴ۳ΣŨ̫󣬾γһͬɫһֱҶСתȥ
񣬼ȻǼɱҲٶ۳ΡҶСҲֻסǣɧԼáԼҲȥֱƣʩչֱɱٵе
ڣҶСҪɵֹе죬Լյĸ죡
⣿
һһʩչʱѾܵ˭ܹõԼƵеȻҲܹǱ֮աȻѰǶҶСֱ֮ˣȴδزܹңҶСԽҲøǿгһգ㲻ܹǿҲ˵׼
ҶСٶȲΧѾ۳һŰããڱߡԵģѹȴԽԽ
һߣ޷ɽǼ˲һ𣬳ˮеֵôһµ֮⣬༸˼˲ҪһΡǵĵȴҪȥ֮ѰкãҶСֹеĶȥҪϷϣҪʱҲԽĳ
ȻõҪ֮ҲҪΪġȻҲ޵ĵֻܹһְˡҶСɱٽٶȴһֱڲϵš˺ɴзֻһԪ񼸺ƿռ䣬䱾ԪһͬգһƷò˰ʱҲҪݽߣܵѹ֪ˡ
Ѿ֪Լ׶˶ٵΪҲѾܵƣɱٽֹеҶСѾܹܵԼ̶̵һʱΪѾ˼ֽչΪܸܵΪôյĲһƷôˡ

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ߴɵļ˽ԷԼո徹ȻʼģͺҪ紵ɢһǻδôµʱȻ޷ɽһն׽ǻɱΪӰµЩ⣬ҲǱһɿһ׷׻ҶСȥ
һεӰɢ֮󣬾δֹ




һǡһĲĻѿһѷ죬ۿɱٽƱҪѵӡ
ң䡭
ȻԸˣɱٽȻֻҶСĵһ½֣ѾܹʩչǿĽƣ˶ܹסĽƱܹˡ
Ļ£һĲĻڳ鿪ǻһƬЩƬ㾡һŵĸɫ⣬ȴеҶСȥ
ʱȽƵеľҲֳ
䣿Ұ˵֣δң
ҶС񻺻ջʵ
ɱ
һֻ˵һ֣ȷʵ뷨ԭıҪҶСȥֵɲᣬڿǵʱܹɲɱԼҲҶСڣ˵ҶСвѾԶԶɲᡣ
Ǻǣȴɱ㣡ɱһҪ㣡ҶСսǺһЦ˵ɱңΪû㹻ܹѹƵңҲͬҲ¸ǻᣬΪţⶫʤݡ֮Уܹң
츳ҶСʱԶҶС˲ţõõõҶСұۡڻǣˣҲҪӵʱǵı²СӵµˣҶСɣ
ȻԣˮȻҲ޻˵ڣһѾܹԤˡ
ֻһսߴɵзʿѾȫܡˮ¹齵ȻҲòԣĵͷ
һΣҶСԼȡʤݵİںɽʱԼֻõδȥΪʵΪ֪һղñ
ˣʤݱȫҶСУ

ת˲֮䣬ҶСˮһսࡣ
ҶСϸռ֮УҶСһͬվԽԼһ˿뵱еǰ档
Ѿһ̵ʱ䣬ҶСѾȷڲϵڵǴܵɢƲϽͱԵ֪
˻ˣΪԭһֱĽ˿ڻĿݽȥۿܿƿɡ
ۿɼٶȣʵʵһסĽ˿һ˿˿Ķѿ
䡪
ǽ˿֮ͻȻһ죬Ȼǵеһ½űͿҪݽߵĽ˿ѿ
һҪֱڵǽ˿빥ȥ


 
ҶСһһ
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̧۱ҪԸ첲һ⣬ǳϵģҶСĽȴ׾ٵһնֱۡҶСϷִʱʹδˣֻնһӶѡ
죬ãȻͷŵԼֱϵһ˿ڣҵΪҵΪ
ԼΪ֪Ϊ轵˵˼֮ȻԼдӰ죬ô֪״Ρ´ȡһöƴСտͬʯһСݡüСݣŵݲ滺ţСɫƣһӰǱˣǡ
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ǰҶСһ䡣и˵߸ѾɱǰӦû˲Ŷԡ
ҶСĻһŵҶСʵǰҲɲš
֮Żعһ˵ҶСѾǿʵΪʲôһַʲô
Ϊ轵ҶСܹܵõȴģֻ⡣
ǣû뵽ǰʯͷԼĽšЦһԳĽɫ˵տҲֻ֮壬ڵһμ֮ұɱ
û뵽Ҳֻ֮壬ʿΪѲһʡܹ伤֮ˣǡһ֮ˡǣֶڱ֮ӵޱȼᶨ־֪Щʲô
ҶСʣǲ֪˭ôСݵУȴһ
ҶСƣΪ轵ϿϣҶСҲȥɱȻԸǿ֮£ȴҲòҶСϸռ֮С;һԶʿС֮ϣȻƫԶϡȴѡڵĵطȻϡһЩҶСϸռ֮жȴкô⣬֮ҲǺܴȻ㹻ˡ
ɱʿûʲôøСΪ󽵣ҲûʲôܹġΪһܹƵסģҲˡС֮УȻǲʬ磬ȻҲӲҶСΪˡ
ܹһսʹܹĿꡣȻʲôûУȴδزһܺõĽ
ˣȴڳ˯֮СҶСϸ֮Уκһ˿ı仯ҶС񶼻֪ҶС֪һ֮иܴı仯֪ʲôܡԼʲôĹϵҶСȻ϶ȻһʲôϵȻǲɺϵһ·ߵġ

ҶСΪѾǷڴԲ硣һٶȽף龳硣ҲļֻΪٶȣͬʱʵһٶȵӦģĸȴž硣Ҫ׵ڣҪеıܹɲ
֮ҶСͻȻһֱڳ˯֮ٶѵļ
ǰɡǰɡ
ڽ˿治ϵʲôһҪ֪񹹳˿Ľ˿һͱִָࡣԶû˵ͣԲŻ
һϸϸѺ۳ڽ˿棬ܿѺ۱ΪһһЩѷ졣һ̣ѷ֮ͻȻ̽ĸϸ۵ͬаһָ
ڻˣ
ҶС⼸ָа֪ữγʲôģһ˵һλεʱ򣬶붼ǲȫģȻ޵ģҶСвԼһͷϰȴźüֻŵ̬֩ޡ
֪Уһ˿ЦҶСϡΣһչҶСҲΪˡԼҪ׵龳磬ѾԼһ
ϸ۵ָ֮̽󣬱˳ǸССȱһԵĽ˿ʹȱԽԽ
ڣֶֻ̽˳
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ңʱҶСԼһֱɵվţԼȥƼ롣Ҫ֪޻εʱոջγǲôǿġһȻǷ˲ٵ
Ǻǣˣ
ָһн˿ѷıԵ
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һ죬˿㳹ѿҶСķִǡãȻԼĽȥ˺
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δκ̬òҶСȿ˵ŴѣһֳҶСҲɵһ
Ϊƿ˽˿룬ǰչ¶ĲʲôźܶûȫεĹһ߹ࡢ塣
ΪոջΣû·ġֻէһ¶棬һɺƣȻһ򵥵·
ɫԵ΢΢ͷֻǸոռ磬޽ǴµƷ˿ϻһöɫһСӽһ򵥵ȹװ·ҲǼΪСֻ⵲˹ؼλѣļӯӯһյС¶档
ȥһʮŮһ㣬װı¶Ȼϵ˿ǰ㣬ȴû˿Ȼ󡣶һ桢Ȼ̬֮
ҶС΢΢̣ǳǳһ΢ЦһֻСҰèһ㡣ЩӤʵϻöСѡ
ٺ١ٺһЦһЦݣٲȻһƤģڵת˸Ȧ漴ſʵû뵽ɣ
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ҲҪˣֻͬӵֻ֮ˣϵЩôǰ˶ѡ
ôͻȻֻ֪֮飬ǲʲô
ҶСʵ
ֻǵҶСĶ·ң̧ҶС۾գ˼֮󣬺ЩʲôҶСΪ˵Щʲôʱȴֻҡҡͷ
ҶСԹɫôῴлδ˵ֻǲϸԼˡЩʲôҲһ飬Ƿ֪ҶС˵ҪȻ˵Ҳͻ΢Цʹա
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˵ţһҶСԣһסֱۡ


һ 龳
ҶСתͷЩոջΣͻȻסЩϰߡοȻΣͬܵȷЩ졣
ʲôֲſͷϻ߼ϣ굽һô
˵ҶС뵽ǰȷϲƴСſԼͷǼֻǣƺļѾǰˡ

ڶڵϿգ֮Ϊ񱩵ľ׽ٽơ
һεľǵķΧðܵӰ졣ǿ٣֮Դһεս֮󼸺δйˡ
ܹǿ׽ٵģȻΪµʿ֮ˣҶС˭
һգҶСڽ׵龳磡Ӵˣ̤һȻͬ磡
ʱʤݵҲѾҶС

֮ɢȥҶСһεĶɽҲβ
յĽƻδɢȥҶСȴԶԶıѾңԶԶмԼĪɸߴͷǣᣬһβĶֱ
ùȻ죡ȴʱ򣡡
ҶСһ֮Ҳ˵µʱӰѾʧٶȳֵĵطȴѾڼǧһˡҶСǰһ͵ĴһҶСҲֱͣУ˴
ȻҶС񻹲ðһսҪǵǰȴ¡
⻪ҶСѴӴʧ
⴫λʮأҶСͨ˲֮ȥ˴ЩɲʿҪҵ˴ȴҲôס⴫ĹģҶС⴫ͳȥľҲǿԽ˴ޡ
ҶСͨȥĵطȷǸĵطΪλһˣҶСѾ˾ţ֮ŵԴع֮Ⱥ
ոյȺҶСαһ֮ٶʧٶʱѾһΪɵϷ
˿ޱֻˣƺһжûʲôı䡣
߿֮УҶС˿ذޱһͬ¡
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ȻлɽƣǵĽܹסҶСҲȥֻĴ˹ȥһĻЩټͱ̫˼ˡ⻤ɽƵסˣһĴ˹⻤ɽƻиʲôãĪǽʧЧˣǴǳԵʱǽƷδκ쳣
֪ηǰˣʧԶӭ
ƿƽ뵺ڵʱ˱Ѿǵȴ޷֪̽һ˵Ϊ䴩һ֣˲Ҳ֪ȻΪߵǰˡҪ֪ʿԹƵġ
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ҶС
֪ǰߡһʩ񣬿Ǵһ̧ͷݵʱ򣬡մȴӲδܹ˵óڡԭ˳ʱŭݣҧۣݺݵذޱǣǺɺÿ࣬һ
꣬ҶС˱Ƕ˵Ĵʹ󣬻ص˶ʤݡıļƻһΪɿʧСټʼٸߣʱʧȥǡҲܿͷԷм֮˵Ϊ±Ѿ֡һâаɣһֱҶС˹ȥ
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ҶСü΢΢һ壬˻һâ͵һƾʧˡ

ţ˵һҽСȴҶСһʶֱӻ˵ԪδҲͷԻǣʹ̣㹻ָһˡ
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ȻȺңԶǱ˴֮ҪϢҲйͨġҶС֪ȻԼңԶȴҶСѾȻδ뵽ǸԼĴߵǸʿҶС
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˵ɿԸ˳ң
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ҶС˵ƣѾ֪ҶС־Ϳɱȴڳǲʶʱ֮ˣѳɴҶС˼򵥵޷ϣмա
ҶС˵꣬Ѿλش𣬱ѾͷųԪΪɢɳ
Ѿ׵龳磬ֻǸոսף顣ҪʱԺʵΪȻɲʿ׽˭ԸزأҪץʱ䣬캻ʵΪЩɲʿһɱ
ڣҶСһٷֻȥԪǧÿһԪǸԵһɵ֮ϱ㿪ʼЩ֮еʿǷԸɣѾԼܹˡ
֮ҶСǴϸ֮ţԼϸ֮еķʿϸһ飬ԷȺĸ֮УҶСԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ҶСҪϢ֪ɡ
ڣҶСҪĲֻǸ֪ѡԸ˳Լ뵽ڣҶСϸռ䡣ǲԸ⣬ҲҪ뿪ȥδˡ
ƣҪʩԲͬķҶСȻӵоԵơԴ˸ѹֶαΪЧ֮ЩԴǿ߾֮۴ҶСҲǲ
ҶСΪˣҲѾòͷ뷨Ϊδ׷ҶСʱҲʲô֡ҶСĲڲϵļӴҪ׷ϺסοڵĽѾ˼ٶȡ
ҶСˣȴҲԼȥʲôͷ֮ĸ߽ʿͻȻȺһҶСԼһ˿˼Ҫģ̵ֻʱѡ
СѾŸӦ֮ʱȣھȥɣ
ҶСԵذޱ˵


߶ ľ죨֣
ҶСѡȺѡɣȴΪǰˣ磬һ֮ࡣ죬˵ĿģǡǵҲͼıǸռ䡣
ʼίɵʱҶССͿռ䡣СͿռȻֻһռ䣬ܹӴֵίɵеֻܺ͡ǿϧί֮ɾͶûԼĶռˡ֮£ҶСȺ»һСͿռ䡣һֻÿ©һЩ֧ϵԭﵽƷСͿռ䣬е֪жԣ֪ҪʲôȽס
ǿʼɣޱҽ뱧Ԫһ硣
ҶСͷ˵ҪȥǶռ䣬ֻҪ֪ڱáԣǲܶذޱʲô˺ġ
ذޱͷ漴˫ۻϣѾ뵽˱Ԫһ硣

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ҶС˵
ذޱһۣѾǰľ𾪣˵֡ʵǣѵѾǸռ䣿
ԭʱҶСذޱ˿ѾһСͿռ֮СէһȥͺһȫɾӨ͸ˮ͵Ŀռ䡣ЩǴɸߴСָֻ״СˮģȴʲôˮһһļƷʯ
ռ䵹û֮еô󣬴ŽзԲѡռ֮ȴÿһ϶˼ƷʯҶСʶ̽ȥʱ򣬲ŷЩƷʯɺ񣡶Щʯ·أҲһƷ
Ŀռ䣬֪ذϼεõռ䡣
ѹһСռܹ֧˶ꡣ
ҶСȴǿɫģ˵֮ʱѾʼЩƷʯ⣬ƺûʲôЩƷʯҲɼ侫ŨɣǱҪࡣ
ʱţҶСҲڲϵţƷʯһܿٶȼȥһľ޴ʯƬ̱ữСЩƷʯ֮ҶС㿪ʼһСͿռ䡣ڽ׵龳磬ΪҪҪҲ͸ࡣʱҲܹиֱΪԼãǲļĻٿаٷ֮ıܹҶСԼá
ԼĪңһСͿռڼڱ
ܹҶСıյģȫѾ֪϶
ʲô
ҶС׼뿪ʱ򣬺Ȼ⼴Ŀռ֮ȻһöһƯڿе⡣һУһѾץС
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ҶС𡣷ľľ֮һľеأľĴ˵ľɿأľȴ֧աľ֮УҶСӣϸ֮СľǴ˵˽֮У˶֮ӻһռ֮Ҳ޿ܡ
ľеأľ졣ô˶ľҶСĶռɳΪһռ䡣ȻСв㹻ȴѾһٳΪĿռ䣬ʵһ޶
ȻҶСϸռڲϵţԽӽʵ磬ǱϾֻԼٵĿռ䡣뼰صҶСϸռȴֻһֱڽӽʵĿռ䣬ȴ޷ΪĴǧ硣ľ֮ϸռһͻޣɾĴǧ磡
ܹģֻصҶСҲӵԼ졢ԼĵءҪеǸӼ򵥣ӵ֮ˣӵص浽ǸʱҶСΪֽʲô磬˭ܹ֪˭ָԲ²⣿
дľʱĸоһģһǷľ٣
ҶС֮ȷϵ
ôҶС˿ͣ㽫ϸռ֮СֻǴӺʱܹѿЩ˵ˡҶСȴǵȵԪȻޡ
ش˵֮ϣҶСǲϵȥǧԪһͬٶҲǼΪ١ҶСʤɵ˼꣬ȺֻҪи±Խȫ
ӦģʱҶСΪҲ֮š

ȥҶСδȺȫոս׵龳ΪȴѾʮʵ
һգҶС걾֮ȴδȥһǳϵģЩɢɢԪٻ˻ͬʱ˵ϴǰ֮飬һȴñԤࡣ
ҶС˵ģȻЩɲĺᣡ
ת˲䣬ʮһӰѾҶСǰһΣҶСȴδҪȥӴܵ˼Ҳδ˳ְԼֻǴԼʵȥԸЩɲĺᡣ
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ңĪҵȻΧ㣬ҪôģҵѾδһ龳ʿôĽɱȻûˣ
һͷ˼Ȧɲʿվ˳˵
ǺǣЩǻѾʮֲͷˡЩɲʿ£ȷѾǿҪ˱̬ľءҶСĻһתͻȻ˵Ǻãҵɽȱһ飬ˣһһСģ
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ҶСһյ޷ɽĽϣαѾŲģֻҶСβһ£šܹ׽ι켣ģҲǿΣֻǿµһâѡ
ҶСʮһɲύֲƬ̣֮ΪҶСĲնѾγ̲һĿռѷ졣СһЩĲһ漴šһЩԴһЩģȴܾá
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׷֮УҶСһ֡ң˲֮Ҳ޷׽һ̻ҲͳҶСֻǹЩɲʿȻ˶ڣȴҲֻܹصľء
ڣһɲʿнʱնˣһһ±㱻ҶСնĿռѷɵһҶСš
ЩɲʿԼͬôһʲô飬ΪҶСֳз֮ɱ
һΣЩɲʿʶԼ˶ԷʵΪĵģǸڳˣ˵У嵱лһҲһ嵱㾡ȫʹħ˽磬ɱԵʡɾˣȴδܹסһĳ֡
ߣ
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ɣ
ɲļ֮ҶСնɱ
ʱţ֮е׷սɲϵĳšֻ׷սڻ齣޶Ŀռ֮аˡ
һɲһнţһ
һɲǱռѷȥǱҶС
ڣֻʣһʵǿ֮ˡʮһ֮ʵǿ֮ˣҲһɲᣡ
ҶСһһʱûϼУҲ˵ֻҶСδɱǻһΪɲ֮ҲΪǿһεĴڣΪ飬ȷѾõѡ
ɲٴսһҲǲһʱʱ䡣ڣЩ龳ʿвѾٴڡʮһڣѹ겻¶ݡڣǲʱѾɱǻ׽
ˣ֮ҶСѾ޵֣

ȺȫҶС
ʮ󣬱«ȫҶС
ֶٶʮţȫҶС
ְհȫҶС
ˣ֮˽ϽѾȫҶСȻЩҶСʵԽԽģѵʱ䲻ֻͬΪҶСΪʱչʱѡ
ȻڼҶСδӹԼʮԼ֮գȻδȴһԪǰħ֮СӹǷڴԲѣδͻƣһԪѾԽˡ󣬾ӹҲԼջҶԨϵħūӡǡѾħΪҶԨȴδҶСΪħѾҵ˸ΪڣΪδﵽҪʱв뿪
ڣ֮еȻʧҲ˵𡣲ҶСϸռ֮УȴѾһµ硣ǸԴҪȵӸԣڣ֮еʿѾûһʿȥԹҶСϸռ֮С
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˽֮жûһܹõۺ֮ˣҶСǧеΨһ
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