==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================
ݼ飺
һΪ˹꣬Ӳҩʼ棬ҩݡҩصͬӲݰǿ
桢ᵤԪӤһҩһϸｨۼԪޱߡ


һ س
½ʷǷ˵սʷҲߵķԴʷڳ桢սУѧΪߡѧһڵߡ سǣһΪСǡ


1 

꣬ƽش󺵣
Ҷعڵϣ˫ץһƬ֪һùݻƵþȫţڳԡǳõڣȴĥġ
յ̫ģĴۡϡɵĿ֦ǿסա
һҶЩƣ롣Ѿһûκζмɿʣһ˫Сּûȥ
һϻһȥũ꣬ͬСɴţһͷһ㷢һ鲼ţк˵һЩ߽
Ҷؿ˳ɴţһۣһ¸ѵ촽ҧȥ
ɽϹСһԻСı֡˻˰ѾҰѹôʼĴ󺵣ׯڵؼգɽ˿ȥ
˶˵СˡΪϴ󣬽ʮһݱ˵ѰʳϵĿѹüССܹ㹻ĿȥĹأһݱңζҶҵӴ˲塣
Ҷ㲻ҵҲǶһˡ
ңͬһѰʳĻ˵ʮСҶص󣬾࣬С
꣬سǸصҰˣΪû㹻ʳԼҰҰǵϮ·ѾĸֻʣҶغͳɴţš
ţҪСһꡣ
賿ڻҰϵһ˯˯ʱﱻһķҰ˽ѴţСȸҧˣҪҶؼʱѹʯͷľҰݺܣţ㶪СΣʹţˣһ˸ϻ
Ҷ˫ֵʹţšѾһȴûٳԳԵ
Ѿݻƣĸܲܳԣ˭Ҳ֪ܵһԣҲԳԵĲݸƤĴ󺵣еĲɹˡ
һϸڳˣʣʪ
Ҷؾϲö͵ĴϸðڳеһСأҧһСʪƤɴţԱߣѳɴţҡιԡ
ɴţƤʪã۾ȻӰ˹ǿһƤȴûȥ
ҶæƤˣȥ
ԣҪ
ɴţ˵Ƥڴָһ㾫Щ
һҶغͳɴţֶ˴졣
ȻƤθЩʹܱȶáϢ˰죬̫䣬ٶʱҶزһȳһյĴţš
ҪˣĽҰķŵҰͲǣȫȥס˵ĵط
ҶشŴţȥסڶµԱߡ
˺ƥҪˮһҴӸľƼңר;Ŀ˲ˮ;⡣
Ϊ˱Ƽÿ϶뿪ˣÿס棬ҰǡһԴӵϼһ˶ʣ˷
СҶ϶ס
ճϼʱ
ҶطŴţһ࣬ԱһҲݴԵЪϢһЩӴɵһª񷿣ſ¶ʮεʡ
ľƼ˻û뿪ƼͷһСæµкʮһɫ۵ᵶӡһȺ˻£룬ڵĺȾƳ⣬ַǷ
ҶǰƮľζζҪֻһۣ㾪Ͻͷٶ࿴¡ЩɵĺӶŹٲ·سǵĹٲ
մ³Ѱʳʱ򣬻Щ۹ٷĹٲɺˡسǺͺüֹö¶ˣЩ˼Ϊη塣
ǵ˻ЩûǮƣҲɱ˺Щٲɱȵ˺ݶˣҪǿ˭˳ۣ򣬴˸ͷɵͷ­ȥس칦
Ҷֻһ鲼ҲԸٲ
ɴţķԺˣûЩǹٲ磬ȥЩԵġ
ҶһϽһѰ˻סţĸ첲ţʹ˵ʲôҶػæһסͣƴʹɫȥ
ţͱСˣһûѣûˣֻԺϢ
ԱߵδһţЩٲκע⡣
Ҷؿһɫ̫ҲɽˣȺٲԱ㣬ŲĽҰôȺٲߺҵ©Ķ
а̾һӣҲ֪ʲôʱǸͷ
£ֵЦ
ںΧм䣬һòݿݻƵٲϣȻڹٲͷĿ
ٲ๾һھƣȥľˮĻһǿҲܣسʮӵĹطֵܲˡֵǶһЩ⣬ϻҪڸ·ץסȺǿ
ҶزһҲУŵڹٲʮಽǵĻһֲĶĶ
ڹٲǷ׷ֺٲ
ЩүԳְȺǿܵĲӰˡһЩҪǲǻǿˣүһ׷ѡ
ֻҪץסǻǿ˵Դȥ칦үٲÿԵõһʺֵ͡ҲմЩô
үسǵͷŲͷÿγ־աҲүĸ


2 ҩ
òݿݻƵٲץһţǣҧһ⡣
ǵȻүس﷢Ƿ׵ʱ򣬱ˡղȥɢ֪ʲôسҩáպ׷ҩֻۣҪɢôһ㡭
ĹٲСָͷȻһ£еɫļ˵֮ڣǷӵүҶܰⶫǵòģҪҸҩõݣҲŪ
үͲҩõݣ
ڹٲǷ׷¶ݣһСֵľ
ȻʹٲĿУԶֹٴε飬Ҫθˡ֪ǵͷӾͺҫϵԴδζ¶һݺ;̾ٲĻϲ
˵ҩسҲǺġҵҩӵǧ㣬ʮ䣬ſѧͽǧˣҴҵصһǿ󻧡
˵ҩõˣǽ֮ͽؾʢϴϰٴɱɱˣƽݾںպҩҩĲҩõΪҩ﹩Ӧҩģڽϲһ˵ĳƺţڸǳسǵ׸ǿƼأسǵ̫үҲƽ۽
֪˵ϸسǰգڱһ˲Ƥ¹ͷĴˡسǾǶˣչ֬س̫үûһô
ڹٲǶ֪Щɲ˵ڣֻû˵ʱ߶һ¡
ҩسǵĺǿλЩۻץǿٲܱȵġҪ˵ˣһ߼һʦЩٲǰָʹ
һĹٲٲľѾˣæϴ̳ƣϣպıԵһ㲻һ㲻٣ƵĹԵޱȡ
ֺõү˵һ飬ҩ⼸Ҫس﹫һʮµĲҩͯӣܲܰæ˵һҼֶӽȥѧգСһүĶ顣
ĹٲҲ׷ͣеľ룬Ϣ˭ûиӣֶʲô˰ҪԼֶسǵһǿ󻧲ҩıƣҲиͷ̹ӡ
һӰҶأǹٲ˵سǲҩҪʮµĲҩͯӣһҲȻľһᡣ
Ҷ̲ΣգҲ̽ͷϸЩٲ˵ô¡
ٲҧţͷ⻰͵Ҳʱͣ¶ɫôҩҪղҩͯӣô¡ҩͯӣɾʲôò°
˵뵽ʲôֲ˵ˡ
ٲһϲڹٲǰ˵ݹϵһᵽҩõ飬ȴտڲ˵֣ƺ˼ɡ
ڹٲǿɼˣڹϣôͲ˵ءƽʱ˵ҲͰˣڲҩҪļͯѧͽֺҲܼ
Ƿ׷Ȱƣַֺõү˵ݣϤҩˡ͸ֵ˵˵ҩõ飬ôܽȥ
һһľٲס˵Ȱ
ҲգֵһүҽͽһԣպԿүûһ¡ҩ÷ãááרѵһҩˣȥɽ֡շ塢ϪնĵطȥժҰĲҩøҩҩɹҩҩҩ̣ҩƷʲôģƽʱسǡ
Ҫ·ǮƣиϵãǿˬˣǮЩۻѪĹٲ֪˶ٱ
Ҫǽÿڣ澿ôҲ˵˵үûѴңɽҩĻʮܻһ㲻ˣЩٲĻҡ
ҩƽݾڵ󽭺ᡪҩһÿڣܵܶĻϢ׶͸¶ֵǼҪֶҩõģ·ȥãҪȥáҪǲ֪ϸóȻӽȥ
ڹٲǰϲֻҪ֪еĵϸðˡ
·ǰһʣµľӵˡٲ·ҲҪʹӵġⷽЩ֣Щײȹٲƽʱ̵ˮࡣЩǮĹٲᶯԽûǮĹٲɴԼֶҩõ뷨


3 ҹ
ٲ˵֮󣬰еţͷֳ꣬һ֣׼ˡ
ҶشĿǿţͷڰջһߣǰ֮ݴСĶǿͷҶֻҪȺٲߣǾǰ¶
ֻҪʮһ˳ۣһţСκδһţʹ޷ָͷ죬ʹţҪΪûʳĽҰ⡣
Ĵˣףַվð
ɴţûҶصѹţЩִӲһ˳ԴˣһȺٲţ֪ҶֻƴǾζ
ٲԱ㣬Ҳ˵ģڳԱĹٲ·ˮǮٲģмĹٲھ϶Щӡ
ڹٲǺţᵶѰ·׷ѰЩǿټȥ
ƼͷϵӲǿҲܱѣηҶԣֻаһȻʰꡣСæŰʣľˮеϵͷĭռ׼ȥιͷ󺵣ϡȱһ㶼˷ѲãСˡ
ɴţֻûˮ
ҶŴţûȥС£֪ǾƼͷССһҲʩᡣڹȥֻǾƼͷһͨɨߡ
СֻûȥҲݴԡֵǮļҵȫһţƼͷСţڵĳԶˡ
ҶƼţԶڣɿĳҲݶȥοҲݴԣѰǿ鱻ٲţͷ
ܿ죬ҶҵһСֱ۴ֵţͷճһЩûпţĭ˿ɢ˵ζͷճŵ˿
ɴţҲ˹һͣͰ͵ĶҶϵǿͷ
Ҷõߵͷԥסˡ֪ԼţҪͷţ֮󣬱ʮܣǼԲ¶ʮ⣬Ǹ˵ƱǰɽԵԻˣⲹ塣
ͬĻֻʣʹţǾôţġ
ţ챻ҰҧˣòӡȥϻûԵġ
Ҷذͷ˳ɴţ˵꣬ڣŻûȫڣϸĵϸѰżһ
ɴţŹͷۿ΢죬һᡣ
ظ
÷ڵ鲼һ·ıӣţͷĬĬҧⲻǵһˡѰʳ꣬ظչšظչ˲ջ˺ü
ţҲ֪˶ٻءܶʱ׸ŸɴˡҪˣֻʣظˣظһô죿ظҲֻܾԼ׸ԼƿЩʳ
ҹ߹ҡ
Ҷڼªÿݲڱ̵һ㡣񷿽ϵһСƶҲһʯͷ֦ζϡҰǴСƶģѴţҧ˵ġţţͷϾöˡΨһˮҵСʣˮţһЩѾڲݵ˯˹ȥ
Ҷڿݲ棬һ˫СͷĬĬȺٲ˵Ļ
سǵĲҩãҪļһʮµĲҩͯӣ
سǣǰʹţȥ˺ü죬ֻûܴס˳
Ϊسһﱾصؤռеַˮĵطؤǳӣǡ
ҲͰˣֻҪߵڿһЩҵڷԣȻĽҰǿˡ
Ҷܲ˵ǣﻹһЩåȻȥԸŵĲƻȻͻСҲ֪ҪǱץסٲҪ֣ߵݺݵıһ١Σ˸ŴţҴسǣʮҰѰʳ
ҶҲسľ˵ҩ֣֪سôһҺǿ󻧣ûȥ
ҩĴŴ󻧣زūͽߣĴ˵Сؤκιϸ𡣾ҪļһЩҩͯӣֻҲֲˡ
ǣҶЩġ
ȻӹٲĿ飬ȥһԣôȫû£ûϣҲǰһ˶ѡһҪǱˣԺҲٲҰ˰ҪǲȥһϵĻᶼûС
ҹﻹż޷ߵշת
ţţ
洫Ұ޴Ϣ
겻ɢĸҰˣצʯͷŭĵͺֽУҧ֦ڵҹĻŻţֱܵ
˴ҹֱʱ֣ҰŲĵȥ
Ҷȥسǵͷǿҡ


4 س
ɫո
Ҷر㺰Ժ˯еĴţ峿ͷʱ򣬴Ҵ·سǵķϡţͷЩˮԺ࣬ѾԼ·
·ϣҶظţ˵Ҫȥسǣܱܲҩãţʮּһͬȥسǡ
ȻǻĽҰ⣬·ֱͨأżܼЩһ·ϲߡ
ɹҵطϢһ£˵Ƥݸ
΢Щ˼·
հ֮ǰӰسǵĶ⡣
سǣƽݾڰ˸سƫƧһسǣסʮ˿ڡسǷԲǧ֮ڣʮС󲿷ֵطɽϹշ룬ӽϪ
طʳߣɽȴдϡҰҩģصĲҩƽݾڶسȻҲҩҰҩԴص֮һһҩãҩ
Ĵ󺵣ûмسǵ˿ڣһţбĽˣбˣˣ֮ˣũԷ򣬺ò֡
ǲҩҪļһҩͯӵ飬Ѿڲ֪ڸһЩϴˣЩ˼ұԼҵСӦܲڲҩûڷԡ
ҶؿϦҫ£سǳ˲ٵĵͰǽƾɵĳţſڵǼǳǶмطֻˡ
ݣÿ۾Ķ
һͷ׳ë¿ŵ¿ƵСųűһʮ𣬴ΪĲӣһţβӣĳ·Ҷض˺ǳ⡣
¿ܵķɿ죬Ҷض˸ײˡ
ҶظϽţԱ߶ܡ
һֺʮСͻȻ̽ͷһӵܵͻ࣬۹µתһ£ƼҶضˣ̡ޡģһˮҶضϣȻֹֿЦˣˣƼûƤˣҲûҶضˣֻǶСӿ佱һ
С¿ڳſڸͣǶҲûм飬ǡ
ҶغݺݵĶСһۣȻɿĵͷŭԣҧ촽ˡ£ǷǳǿƵģռõɽ֣ūеĵ軧ԻǲܳһڷͳɴţԻ軧ðЩ
ֻҶɽǣЩҰҳСӵһۡɴţȴɶҵɣһֱͷ¿˳ǣŸҲȥϵĿˮ
ֵù飬ҶҲûٿųŵľɫ
켣ȺҶغʹţ͵͵˳ǡ
죬ǶֻЩİ·Ľʼ䣬ȴû˼ȥܼ͵͵ǵС
ظûû뵽سǻӣƯ
ţ˷ܵĽе
ɵֵسǣŵ̶Ǵ˼ҵļҲвٻǲҩõġ¥¥ջݡԺլ԰һһ
ãһЩˡסǲҩãԼһЩǿСÿڡʣ¶ϡҪƽصͨ
ʮˬ񶼴Ӽг֣Ҳʼʮ㣬ĽҰӰ
ڽ֮ǰҶҲţһм
ǽ˳ǺҶؿû˷ܣԽСĽǰһƦå˭֪Щåﻹǲǵ
ҶشŴţСĵıܿЩȥåģˣҲֵĽֵͷ첽ȥһЩصؤͣҲͣæСܹȥⱻ
·ŵòᣬɿܵЩŲ׷ǡ
Ҫٺܶ࣬ƽ֡
󲿷ֶһЩŽ絶ֽý뺷Ľˡǿǵģ֪ǳǣһ
Ϊʿ࣬ؤ֡
ڣЩɫҴңƺæŸʲô£åһϲʱ˷۸ؤϣǶؤûκȤһ۶࿴
Ҷ˲ҩõÿǰһ޴լռ꣬濴֪澿дǰǧصʯʨӣպաһͭء
ſһŹ棬дЩʲôҶضһҲʶ


5 
ҩſڣվŵŻ꿴ŵ֣˫ֽأһ߰ĿŽֵĽˡΪҩһָĺǿ󻧣ΪҩƽݾڵλЩˣϵİȱСῴ˸߷֡
ЩҰеùٲЩǰƨŲ졣ͨĽˣҲڲҩõĵҰ
ҶؼƱˣﻹҹȥѯļҩͯӵ顣ŴţԶԶڽֵһϣСŴ󿪲ҩȥ뿴ǲļҩͯӡ
ȻҩõĲŴͣһϤ¿
Сֶӣҩõһܹģ˵¿óһǮ˹ȥһɫŴܹܣС飬ͰˣһСС˼ɾ⡣
ʱﻹóаµİ֮ɫ
ŴܹƳһ۴һ¶ɫ󣬵һǮģƲһöҶɽҶҲһöҶѡһöҶܻһöͭ塣
Ŵܹ¶ʧ̲˵˵˵ϷԻʵչһʧܼܲҩãΪҩͯӣҪСӵ컯ʵǮĻӸʮֱСӽóΪõҩͯӣòˡϷܹ˵ҲǶµġ
ʮΣҲǸиĶƶ񤱡СôǮһöҶ㲻ˡҽճɲãȱǮҪʮӣ۰ͼǰ̣ҲǮӵسǺŲҩ
ûҩõúʲôǶܲܳԵòҩͯӵĿࡣǮעҪ׻ˡ
һΣŴܹҲ֪òǮ㲻͵ǮֱӴСӴӲŽ˲ҩáϲŲӼӸŴܹܽ˸棬ż¿ˡ
ʱ֮ڣʮ˾ʮСڱһЩƽͽ˲ҩáǶǴŽҩõģĶһ߲š
ҶŸҿ϶ҩõȷˣеĲ١˼ôѯСֱӷǽȥˡڴˣͳͳڸ棬ȥ
ҶؿɫЩڣٲȥЩˡ
׳׳ӣŴţηηĥ䵽ˣ̧ͷֻ˵⡫ǲǡвҩͯӣ
ŵִЦСؤȻҲҪҩͯӣҩؤѰ
Զ㣬˲ҩǫ̃ף˹ŪԼ֣Ը⶯ǡ
ǻûЦ꣬һʮºӴ滺˳ɨǰ
ŵЦȻֹæʩ
ҩʦôˣ
СĿžˣ֪ʲôԸ
ҩʦ˫֣һ
ǲ֪ҲҩõĹҲҩļҩͯӣ۳ֻҪ˱СڸʲôǰӦͯϣ
ŵֶʱ亹ܱұ⣬ֻһġ
ڲҩãλȼɭϡ
ҩʦĵλߣҩҲʮ˶ѡɲŵֵġ
ҩʦҲǣСһȥ׼ҩ
ǣǣ
ŵֵ˷ԸҲ˲СؤϵϽһһֱץҶغʹţĲӣҩߡ
ҶشˣҲ֪ʲô顣ҩʦҪǣҲûţŵòҶŲߡ
һ£
ҩʦͻȻʲôֹǡ
ŵͣ½Ų֪룬֪ҩʦΪʲôֽͣ
ҩʦţǰĮȻĿ˴ţСϵһۡ
СȽӦǱҰҧˣ߲㣬ԺҲǸûõķˣʣµǸȥ
ŵҩʦһ˸ϽС˵СؤⶪһҶߡ
Ҷȫû뵽ͻȻʣʹţȻֿʱ󼱣кʲôҲ˲ã͵ýǿŵ֣Ҫѿ
ǿŵ֮˿֣ӥץСƵһ˲ҩõĴţԺȥ
ҶؼĴ󺰣ţߣң
ظ
ɴţ׳ҩõĴ⣬޺ǿŵע£ȴ˿šլǻϣ֪ҲҶأһȳһյ뿪֪ȥͬĻ飬ɢһڲҩڣһڲҩ⡣
Ҷּ䣬ǿŵͱţҲ֪ܵҩõʲôطһСԺȻ²ܣСԺٴϡ
СԺŴҲеֿš
ҶһµӵҪ취ߣһСԺΣȴȻ
СԺڣȻѾʮĺͯŮֳʮֱΧһ𡣴ӴĺͯһЩ¸سƽҰС
һֵĿҶءǵҩõĿŵѾǷǳݵλˡʲôҪԱŽ
Ҷشûкôİĺͯദһӣܵһȥĺͯע
ȻȺһСɴ۾ţָҶؾִУ㲻ǽСôģô㣡קȭͷҪҶء


6 
ҶҲСӣǸڳſ¿ˮСӣ̰ȱܣ˶ĵطꡣ飬֪Լɲӣֻ˵
ԺӺСС֣֣׷ҶصС壬׷һķ׷ϣֻǲͣĴƺҶؾȻҲһ˲ҩãͬһԺ
ںͯǶϲµˣҶòûȤЩͯҾһЩĴŴֲ£ҾһҲܴϸɾ£Ҷһƶĵټ
Ҷ͵͵СԺӣѰһȫĵطԶԶıܿСӡСӣҶȴǺ͸ˡ¿ˮȲ˵ԼûȻҲ׷ԼˣһҪСһ٣ǲĶӡ
ϵʱ򣬲ҩõ˸СԺʮͰϡʮͷЦԸڴԺҩҪûˣһǲܳԷģ
ںͯˣһɢ˸⡣
Ҷںͯмƫģ飬ЩСĺͯĶ֡˺ǰһϡһͷЩϡͷζļȡ
ҶػǵһγԵ
һ뵽ڴԺĴţҶޱȵıߡţһسôţҪˡһѰʳĻ飬ֻʣһˡ
СԺȻм䷿ݣǰòôĺͯסʮ
ںͯʶһ죬ȴѾʼɣʮСͬŻ
Ҷϸ۲һ£ЩŻҲġ
ȻЩӶۼһ𣬶ƽ־ۼһµСۼһ
ӿ·ϿԿسǱصģͬһģĳģμԲһ𡣶ؤһģûһûСؤҩӦҩͯӡȻҲûԸһ
ںͯмļССڣ٣̬ȴԵǿӲֱӰСԺõһ䷿ݸռˡ
سǱصļƽСŻҲȥЩСռʣµļ䷿ӡ
ľ󲿷ֵĴĺͯԵʮҿֱֻСԺ˯¶˯ȻЩ˶࣬ůˡ
ҶСԺһǣ˯˹ȥһΣȴҩʦѾߴţġ׺ԪסμҪǴţ⣬˻Ҫҩʦͷϡ
գ峿
ҩôԺһƽءѾʱһ̨ʮСľݡƽشվʮ꺢ͯһûгԶ㱻ոϵŽҩ
ҩôһԷмû˲ֻԼãա
ƽصΧվʮʮ꣬Į߰ŮһɫĻѣֳľάֳ˭Ҫܣٲñǳϼ¡
ںͯǳʹѧˣߡЩôԹô
ںͯǷ׷ײ²ЩϴŮݣЩ˺ܿ缸ļĲҩͯӣõĵӡɰĽҩùȻֻҪϼ꣬ԼҲЩŮһϻ·ѧļֿҫˡ
µάֺƽϵ֮һ׸̨̨ϵһλУ̬ˣֵŴܹܣһѾźˣҩԿʼˣ
ȻڳŴܹܣǽжЩмõĺĵӣһڵĸ¡ܹܣǹܹܶѣû书вֵһᡣֻǰݣòһܹܡ
Ŵܹû⣬ܵĵͷŶվڸ̨ϣģĳͥԺںͯŻ
źöӣźöӣҼϷķԸ˷ֳʮ飬ľҩܲܳΪҲҩõĲҩͯӣӣͿܹܲҩһˡ
ҩĹģ
ÿľﶼһֲͬĲҩ
ʮǶݣظͬ߳ȫ΢΢ĳ˻ڰʱ
ʮ޶ҩʹ
жʮƶݣƶݵˡ
˾£жģֱӸϳҩã¼á
ԹʮģԳΪüҩͯӣ۲ꡣ
ԹʮϵģԳΪʽҩͯӡ
ԹʮϵģԳΪҩͯӡԵԽ࣬ڵĴԽߡ
˭Թʮ굽ʮģֱӰ븱£Ϊҩõĺĵӡ
ҩ֮ǰڱܹǩһע˷ҩԸ˱ȣ⣬Գе޹ˡӡ֮󣬷ܽȥҩ˭


7 ֲҩ
ҶںͯȺм䣬ĬĬĿ̨ŴܹܡЩ죬ϸһڲҩøլſǸǮŴܹ𣿣
ҶԶԶһСӣа֪ŴܹܻôչСӡ
ҶҲǳϣܹΪҩͯӣʳǵӣҲɵðͷȥǩҪҩôһ¡
ͯҲЩɣ׹ȥԡ
СӴ󵨵ĺܣȻһܹȥһҩϵŴܹǮҩ
ܿ죬⼸СҲ˳Ҫһҩͯ
ŴܹܼӦ𣬻ȱһ롣ҲЦ˵Ƚȥľҩģֱ֮ӽһֻĴȡ
ջһʱʮͯȥҩЩƶĺӣһջȥðˡ
ŴܹܵеˣǺǼĺһȰȻǽСľȥҩ
Сľǰհ뿪ÿСľ滹һ˼ලҩ
ʮͯСľݣЩ˵ļල£Խʲô
ͯԶԶĿţܿһֻǿĲ̫ѡǶ쳤˲ӣϢĵȴš
ҩĹЩ
İӣʮСľûκηӦ˰
ֱ֮ͻȻһСľдһǼСĺͯ˳ŰĭȫǣкţȾҡ
ǣŮǱĮûһжȥ˵Ĵ㡣
ͯ𾪵ķ׷̨ϵŴܹܣ־ˡ
ŴܹЦе̨ϣһ˴̶ҩԸ޹أжߣڱŲҩͯӣ㱻ˣ˾ȡԹϣΪŵĲҩͯӣеľȡ
ǿ°ĭĺͯ˵Ƥ£ͨһ˵ϡûȥһĳ鴤
ϵͯǴ󵨵СкҲëЩСŮһɫҰףŵÿѾףҩ˵ģĺֲܿ
ڲһʱ֮ڣļҩСľĺͯ˳ڳϡеĶͬеıϿʲôֻȫޱȣץĲõеĳ춹ŧƴԡһСŮҡҡλεĴСľ˳һ仰Ҳû˵һںѪϢȫڵϡ
ҶãȻľĿȥϵͯһŵúޣһС뵨СŵƨʣµʮĺͯҲһãȻ֪롣мͯҪߣΧӵĽץסڶһ٣Ŀ޵
磬ʮҩĺͯȫˡ
һƶӷ綾Ŵֱ̧ܹȥسʮĻҰҷظˡĸ˶ûϳȥܹʱҵΣ˵ܹҲ΢Ȼûʲô󰭣Ҳɥʧ˼ҩõʸ񣬶˳ȥ
ǸСӣߣŵõӣĿͣͺҽкֻŵɵҲԶˡ
Ҷע⵽ŴܹȴͻȻ֣СһСҩ裬ȻС뿪һҶٻһЩЧ
ҶЩգ֮ǰԺôݺݵԼĭСһأû뵽ôͱˡ
Щϳѡͯɫ˷Ҷҩҩ飬ôǻֱȥݷáȫңǼϵɫЩϳȥĺͯҲӦֻǵͷ֤κҩҩ顣
ʮˣֻһءһʮƽкʮҩǿŹҩأʽҩòҩͯӵУһֻȡصкɫף˫ȷڲ˶ǾŹȡ
磬ҩҲûһͯˣ˭֪˵һֻȣһֻʼҲС׷׿ţҪ뿪
ŴܹЦҩõţףȥɾˡ
ʹһɫ
Щᣬ̷˽뺢ͯȺУݵֱץʮͯѺ̨ǰץǵ֣ǿʺӡͽҩСľȥ
ҶسǸ˴꣬ᵽնѧ˲ԹɫһֱڶŴƹܺЩɫһԣˣͯм䣬ʱıܿЩץ˵ꡣ
ɫס۵ӣĵͯм䣬˵ǽϴһСЩ书Ľ꣬Ҳֻɵ۵ķݣֻ취ںͯȺԼץס


8 ҩ
ʮÿʮˣѾͯץСľҩ
ֻǹصĺͯ޼ʮһأ㲻ˡûصģҪôҪôжЩصĺͯűڲҩڡ
ֻʣµʮûҩĺͯСԺС
ЩͯÿʱһϡͷҶҲУɹʮ죬һֱϵҲûȥҩϡͷѾǸ֪ζÿ춼ĥţôʱ䣬취ҩء
ʣµĺͯǳ飬ı²Ҷء
죬ҶرһسǵƽͯˣƵڵϣһץСൽ˸̨ŴܹǰӡȻӽһСľݡ
Сľﲢֻһӣӣһ۵꺺ӡһľӣ治಻٣ڷһ겻ͬĲҩϻһ¯ȼ㳾
Ǹ꺺ڵϣĿ
СӣҩĹӦҲ֪ҾͲ˵ˡһ԰ɡһ꣬һʱ֮ٳԵڶ꣬һֱԵϡжҪҩʦ־㣬㽫ֱӸϳûжǲҩõˡ
ҶһϳºӣȻڲҩôŴҩʦɴһû뵽ԼලҩзߺޣЩη壬СƨմڵϣͷЩҩ
Ѿҳһ顣
һҩʮжռһ롣ͨ޶ҩʮꡣƶҩʮꡣ
һһĿǶҩ
ܹϳЩҩǶݣЩǶݡ
ЩϡŹֵĲҩϵã
ֻҪСĳһöݣʬҰΪжϳҲǮȥسҽݡҩ̽ҽΡ
Ҷصһͱ
ţûܽҩãΪˣҩʦɨسţس
ڽ˲ҩãȴأҲԶˡ
֮£Ҷؽ˿־壬ľеĲҩ
ڲҩҶزȫ֪
ͨԻŰ˾ʱ򣬱ϵɽԣ֡˵Ҳһʮɽ֣ÿλɽϳʮ죬һ¡ɽ˶Ұ˳ԡСƤˣҲŪֹѪĲҩϡ
ϵԺҲԻѧڵգԽ̻һЩҩҪǽ󺵣ɽϡ٣»СԻ
Ҷصɴ۾ϰζҩϸķֱ档ϵ̸ϹĲҩмָĲҩͬģʱþãһֲҩˡ
Ҷؽʾ֭ŹȥĲҩмζȻԹƶҩζԼԹƶҩ˳ڿԼߡ
ҩʦһ㣬ϵ¯ϣȼˣȻۿҶصľٶҲߴ١
ҶذѳԹĲҩʣµļȫʶˡԥһ£ʼʣµĲҩࡣϵЩҩеľ󲿷֣֪һ㳣ʶ
ֲɫĲҩǳ޵Ĳҩȳ̼ζĲҩжĲҩЩǶݵĿԺܴ󡣻УĢ죬ʶľԡ
ҶذɫʡζĶʮҩĢжûСĵĲŪԶԼĵطա
ʣµʮҩҲұ֤ʣµľûжΪЩҩ޳ɫҲо綾ƴԼĲҩԼЩӡͨ޶ҩ
ҩʦЩ졣
ʮѾලʮͯҩຢͯǱ۾һ꣬ȫͯʶһЩҩҲֻԣûĲȥ
ǰСϸ棬жݡƶҩͨ޶ҩűֿǲкܴһֲҩִˣԭСӲʶЩҩǷķˡԼ֮Уһ㺢ͯɱȡ
ҩʦ⡣
ҩõġҩԣϲԵǷʶҩԵȴǵʶǡ侲޴ǻǣʳݡжͷǷܱͷ侲ѡ
ΪҩˣҪһ˶ΣյľأȥɼĲҩ־һĹ¶֮أûб˿԰ǡʶҩȻҪǡ侲ȱʶҩҪ侲ܱʶҩھ֮ңҲ·һ
μҩĺֻͯҪڵʶǡ侲ռκһʵûгԹʮҩҲᱻƸ¼ȡ
ЩҩģԼģҺصģһݾģֱ̭Щͯ˲ҩҲǸ
һҶشһҩеƶҩͨҩ꣬кܴİգӦòж
ǣȱܴ꣬չꡣ
ҶضͷϿʼð
ҩֻҪһо綾Ҳ㹻С
һʱ쵽ˣ̳һ꣡
ҩʦͻȻָ¯
ҶȻ̧ͷ¯ȥԭʱõģ֪У¯һѾ꣬Ϩ
ֻһѾϳͨҩдһ˿壬ԼŪж
Ҷسһҩҩʦȡڶ㣬¯ϡ
ƣÿһ㣬Ҷر㱻ųһҩ
ʱһһĹȥ
תۣ¯Ѿȼ㣬ҶҲͨҩһƲҩﻹʣƲҩԽķΪûܴʣһѲҩУѡаտԳԵ޶ҩ
ҶĻš
ô죿
ʱҶغȻסƶҩ
һ飬ǵŴܹ˵Թʮ굽ʮҩֱӰڸ¡
ǣŴܹ˵ʮ궾ݣжġôôܳԹʮҩ
ҶͻȻһĪǶʵҲܳԣĶʮƶҩƶʮ궾ݵĶʮ꣡ԣһġ򲻿˳Թʮҩ
ĿƵԶԶĶС
ҶϵеĶƶݣȻϵӦĶݡݺζݣһԵģϵöݣſ֢ܶҩƶݡ
ʶƶݣʲôã
Ҷ֣궾ȡ˹궾ʵҰѰĶݣԲҡżԲݵʱˣж˳ͬҲж
ҩʦ΢΢ݣĿҶء
಻٣պþꡣ
ƶȥݵĶǱġ
ٳһﵽʮ꣬ﵽ˽ҩãΪҩͯӵޡ
һ꣬ж޶ѾҪҩöҽΡ
֮ÿһ꣬ڲҩõĴܸһ֡
ҩУҶһʮһҩڵʮһʱ˶ûǶƶҵӦĽⶾҩҩʦֹҩ˶
ҩʦĮòǲҩõļҩͯӣҲǱҩʦĵӡͯӵҩ֮صͯӸҽѵ
ǣ
ҶСĵڲҩʦķߺޣǳʵӦͷ˳Сľݡ
˵ףҲǸʮԻСոնɹŹؽҩãΪһҩͯӡҩʦλ磬Щŵ֡ǶҩʦĹ̬ȣܿܶҩʦκһв
Ҫ¶ߺ޵ɫҲѣ޷Ϊţֻκι
߳СľݵʱҶֻеԼǱˮһʪ͸ˣ鸡ûκϲֻһط˯һ⼸ʱĵ
һĽŮȥһͥԺϢ
һȴҩĺͯץסҽбͽҩʦڵСľȥҩ


9 ͬŻ
йصĺͯ͵ҩһСԺСԺʮʯݣרҩͯӾס
Ҷرȥϴһ裬鲼һ²ҩͯӵĴֲ£󱻰ŵСԺеһʯݡͷ˯˯һ硣ʱŷζž
Ҷŷ֣ʯﻹͯӣֱͯŮͯһ߳Ŵ׷һЦǺǡǶŴֲ£ҶһϴҲʲô
ʯڵϣһͰˡ帱ꡣһšҶ֪Լܹ꣬ȥҪǳˣֻеķ˶Թ⡣Ͼһʮ죬еĺͯѧԡ
ҶҲһŷζܴ̼İѴﾪѹ
һĸߴʵͷԵͯҶżģָЦСżġķ㹻ٳԷӲͷ͵ζϡڳԲ׷ˣҹܹʲôݰǲҩõʽӣԺٲ˷ɻڴΪһ㷹𣿡
ǣСҭš
ԱһС͸һ˿ͯҲ˵Ůͯŷ룬ЦǺǵĿҶأҶؿļҪطȥ
ҶȻϹҲס¿һû˷һûԶͶˣû˸ҲҪԱӡ
ͯر˵һһ䣬һֱ˵ͣ
ܿ죬Ҷرǵ֪ǵ֡
Ǹߴʵͯһɣʮ꣬سǱصСһʵļ⡣
ǻɵͯзСʮһ꣬سǸһҵ軧ŮͯʮһĽǮ㣬ʮĽӨҲسˣ÷֯ġ
Ҷؾȵķ֣˶سںسܱʮ֮ڵƽ˼ңȻûһµġ
ֻƧɽϹġҶصʶУһɰԱƧ˵سסѾǼҾ൱ˡ
ʵϣزҩõļҩͯӻҲسΧʮﷶΧ֮ڶѣûеƫԶԶȥˡҶҪվﴦżȻӹٲϢҲسǡ
ιͷСӣʲô֣꣬˰
һɴֵʵ
Ҷأʮһ꣬˼ҡ
ҶǶţҲȻءֻǣԸ֪ԼôƫԶɽģ⵽ǵӣԹ⺬˵һ䡣ʮ㸽Ҳ㸽ɣطΧڣҲѡ
һɲûϸҶؾǴЦҶأ֣⡮ءʲô˼ҵֺһɣһγɹϵ̫вˣȡôõ֣Ȼһξ˽ҩá
Сεһ±ӣС֣ȴǰ˼ûСֻΪڼϴ϶СպֵһС֡
Ǯ㡢Ө֣ȴǴԺ֡
ҶĽ͵Ҳ֪ʲô˼Ҷʮ֮ǰһţһֵ飬ҼҵĹȵĹ̨šҵһ֣֡
һɡСǮ㡢Ө˶ʱ۾
ҶϾȻйţȻʮǰҲ˲ðǵλݵЩϺüٱӶƽ˽ȻͬǶʱҶعĿ࿴СҶذ֣˵ǫࡣҽСӳСӶˡ
ҶزɰЦǳһţǶǲ֪ʲôʱˣҲɽһԻ˼Ҷѡ
һǼ˵ҩʱ̸ҩжô¡ţǺܿ췢֣ʯסŵ˾ȻǴҩʦͨĲԣҩʦĵӣԺ󶼸ҩʦѵԲűһʯݡ
һɴ֡
˵ǿͬһʦ̳ͬͬʦֵܰԺҾǵĴʦˡ϶СģӨ壬ôˣԺʦֵƣ
СЩ
Ȱش󼸸£ô
Ҫиţ϶͹㣡
һɵһۣС޻˵
Ǯ㡢ӨûǱСһЩ
СĹ˽磬ҲûİС֮һɵ˻ڼ˵˲ͣ˵˲ҩõ飬˵سһЩ顣ǼسǱˣ֪رࡣͻС˵û˿Ĺ˼ɡڳ˲ҩõĲҩͯӣԾԺǰ;ǳ˺޲ϴչһֽţˡ
ҶغٴسطǸİˣֻĬĬšҲûʲô뷨ֻڲҩûһڷԶѡ
ŸĻǴţҲ֪ţԺ˿գһҪȥѰţ
ţ˯˹ȥ


10 ҩ
컹ûСԺĲҩͯǱ㱻һԺϣмҩõʽ
һʮɫֲµòҩͯӣԼɫµҩͯӣںͯƽųţǳš
ҶҲ⣬΢΢
ִԺվŶҩõĴ
һ˸ӲߣǷ֣ȫһ̬ģ˫֣Цͯӡһɫ۵ʮݴ󺺣˫֣ĮĿ磬һ˸Һӡ
ŴܹܣԼҩʦڵʮҩʦҩʦǰǳнҶԡ
ŴܹͯӽǸ̬ģĺӣõҩڶѽסݴ󺺣õļҩѽΡ
˵еĲҩˣδʽϡ
ŴܹҲڸ߼¼𣬲ܵģȫһЩڵѡںܶ񣬶
ʣµʮҩʦҩʦרŸͽܣҩ˺ҩˡ
ŴܹܰڳĴ꣬Ȼʼʽ
еĲҩͯǰǰѪѪһҩ£нѪģԼҩѲҩãǩԼһΪҩЧ
ֵѪʽͯ˷ܲѣҲǵһθоԼ˽ˡ
˲ûоôʽ֮󣬶ҩʦһ뿪Ŵܹƨߵߵĸλĺ뿪һҩʦҲ뿪
ڣֻʣʮҩʦҩʦʽͯǲҩõļܡ
ÿҩʦĵҩͯӡ
ҩʦÿֻһɫֲµҩͯӡ
ҶءһɡСǮ㡢ӨͯȻҩʦҶءһЩ֣ʱĳЩɫµͯӿȥȥЩһﲻһȴ˵
ҩʦ֣
ö࿴ˣõҩͯӣպҪôΪҩʦҪôһֱڵ̸ɻҪҩġõĲҩͯӣҪҩģ򵥡ĵӣԺЩõĵӣ£ǳ鷳ġ
Ҷæͷѵ
ҩʦʼǽһϸĲҩͯӣҪѵݣԼһЩҪעĶ
ҩͯҪѧļܾȻĶࣺʶ֡ҩҩҰ桢Ұơ涷ޡҰαװ⹦ڹʮࡣ
֮࣬˳Ծ
Ҫ֪ͨҰҩˣҩҩһЩΣյĻĽҰҩ㹻ˡ
ǲҩòͬҩµһÿڡ
ҩƽݾڵ󽭺ᣬʵۺƽݵ׸سǶзáһĵӣһЩ֮УڵӲ书ȫܡԾͼŲҩͯӣҲҪѧ⹦ڹ
ҪΣյɽϿȾ֮أɼʮꡢϰҩҩģҪѧļȻرࡣ
ʶ֡ҩҩ׶ּأʶ޷ǧҩġ
ҩҪϸߴǧֲͬĶҩġҩġϡҩġǶҩģǷǶҩģҪɼҩġľҩġҩġҩġʯҩģǵҰϵƤëͷҩġʶ֪ҩĵơࡢҩԡҪʶһЩδ֪ҩĵƷҩԣǷвɼļֵֻҪǮʲôҩĶɡоĲҩˣܹںԶĵطһܹмֵĲҩ
ҩΪ˱֤ҩҩʧҩҪרŵĲҩҩʽᵼ²ҩʧܡһЩͼĲҩѧͽΪ鲻ڲɼһЩ߼ҩʱʧҩ
Ұ桢Ұơ涷ޡ⼸Ͳö˵ˣɽҩͨʱ䣬ǿ϶ҪѧҰⳤ桢ֹϡˣ⼸Ǳز١
Ұαװ⹦ڹķ⼸ѧսܣȫҩϵ̫ҪΪ˱İȫԸҰҰޣǽˡ⣬ĳЩҩģţɱޣ޷ɼ壬αװǳʵáɼҩģܿ·;⵽˿ܵĴ١ƽݾڵ˼࣬භҲٲ˵ġҩͽͨ򲻹ǱЦˡ
ҶصڶЩʲô֪Ҳһ㶼ҪѧĶࡣ
ͯѵڣ¡
ڼڣҩòͯӷκǮƣֻṩӦʳв׷ˣֺûʳͯӱ⣬ܻܿ⵽ˡ
µġѵڡ֮󣬲ſʼΪġڡҩͯǻҩɽҩҩ̻ҰôʹЩѧļܡʱֵĺõĻܵõǮƽ
ҩͯӸҩҩڽܽΪҩѧͽʱҪҩȥҩԶҩǮɵҩԽֵǮõĽԽߡ
֮߰󣬱ĲҩѧͽܹΪҩԴµĲҩͯɽҩ
ʮ󣬲ҩԲҩû㹻ĹףΪҩʦΪҩʦҪҲǲܡҪ֪һҩʦĵλڲҩǼߵģǮȨеλһЩ⣬Ҳÿ˵ɫسǣҲǺˡ
ҩʦЩҶءһɡС˼޲¶ȵĿ⣬ȭͷõǰ㹻ƴˡ
ҩʦСһļһЦҩʦλȷߣǰǵһ졣ҩ˾һɲ˵ġҩǧͽҲʮҩʦѡ
Щǲ˵ڵġ


11 ѡ
֮ĵڶ죬ʮĽ꣬еʮͯ˲ҩøլһ¥󡱡
һ¥ڶĲҩҩġҩƷ鼮ڵӿԽġ¥ʮһһĸ¥ңﴢŸߴǧֵסס⹦ڹķϸ
ҩƽݾڵĽһİᣬѾ֮áһԾӣ뽭ӽһʼûԼ书ķھֻһҩİᡣ
ΪҩҵǲҩҩҩҡһЩҩȥͽСύķھӶ
ھҩķھ֮䣬ЩСᱻóҩȻеĴ󲿷Ŷǵͼף󡣵ö֮ҩ书ķھҲܹѻһСɽ˿ȱ书ķھ
زҩõңҩͯѡűߴ֮࣬м߼书Ҳ֣Щˡ
Ҫ֪Сᣬʮ౾žͲˡƽݾڽϵĴᣬҲᳬٱŵҩһŶס
ҩźܶ࣬ǿ
ƽݾڵĴССǧҩﳤλеᣬûнǰԭܼ򵥣ҩӵе̫ˣҵʦ֪ͽʲôͽ֪ʦʲôʦ޷ָͽܵ书ͽܴ뿿ޡ
ҩʦһ֡ӥצ⹦ѧϹ˵áҶȴҪڶѡһҩʦѧͬһ书ѡ⹦ҩʦ΢ָһ¾ϡѡڹҩʦ޷Ľ̵
ڣҩǲҩҩƽݵľ󲿷ֽᶼ㷺ڡѧһ㣬ΪƽݾڴĵλƽݵĽϣҩĹԷӶƣİȫ޷ԤҩӶЩʲôҲǡ
ҩòĶ¥
꣬ںͯǽ¥˶¥
ȴĶ¥յģɷԲڣֻʮһ棬ÿϥһ꣬ڱĿڹǵǰһǽǵ
ŴȺͯ¥Ǿˡ
꣬ĽηĿʮһӡЩӴԼʮʮ֮䣬һ̬ǲҩõźʦ֣Ǻĵӣ֮״ӣչǱޣλԶЩͨӿȵġǵΪ׵һˣǲҩ״ӣѧʼߡ
ҶغĶſյĶ¥ʮһʲôˣȻη塣ֻɱգ˵
һ꣬ǰΪ׵깰ֵлƴʦ֣ŵʮҩͯӡҩͯӣѾԸҵȴлƴʦΪѡţѧ˵֮¡
룬һΪ׵޳꣬۾ǽ˵ͷȻվɨͯһۣĮ˵ҽлƣԺҴʦ־ˡҲҩõĹأҩͯÿֻ׼ѡһͼѧţңɶѡҩͯӣѡŵͼšֻͯԼţҪǱ˵ţܵͷ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣õҩͯӣôõĲҩͯӲǶѡһŹⲻǳһĿ
ͯӣɵŭͯӡͯ˿£߰İͷ۾ǱǶѧһŹܣ˭˭
ҪЩڣֻ˫Ҫ
һɡСҲƲ죬˼䣬ʮֲһЩµĲҩͯӰţʲôʱЩ߰ļһһ٣ͷ֮ޡ
Ϊ׵֮󣬴¥ҵĴš
ҶѾĵļǰ棬һλãһͯż˽ȥ
ͯǣҲ˲ִæų˽ȥϾõ£ͯӰѺŶ˲źá
¥ʮִŵܣڡϣȫ飬ٵ϶˻ҳһţǵͼšڶţмšţǸ߼šѧŲֵطб档
ҶڵһзɿѰţһõšõһͼŵʱֱɵˡΪʲôһĨڣô֪ǺǻԼԺҪʲô
Ҷһͷͯӵ
󲿷ͯӸ࣬һͼţɵţǴũû飬Ҳ֡
ͯӣĶϵ֡ҪôмҾ·ģܽãȻ֣Ȼ࣬ҲԿдʲô
ѾԤϵ棬ػ֮⣬Ŀ֮һҲΪЩʲôͯӣѡš
˽ָܣĮͯӣʲôš
еŶࡣססǹססеࡢṦࡢ⹦ࡢڹࡢࡣϾ󲿷ţﶼһӦȫҪѧʲôĹֻҪ˵һҿƼҾ幦
˵ĺϸƺľ󲿷Ŷָơ


12 
˰ʱ䣬󲿷ֵͯӶҵԼҪĹţ뿪
Ҷ棬ʱ䣬ϸԼӦѡʲô书
Сû书سΧ˰꣬ҲǼһЩɫҴҵĽ󺺶ѣûмչ¶ʲô书֪书ʲôʲô;
ɽ˵˵Уе书ǳ߱ڣ˺ǣܣӦʲôܹɡ
Ҷ˺һŰԼе书Щŵ˵˳
λʦ֣û֣ҵ㣬ûԵʱҪܰסʱܰ󺵵ʱúˮ书
ӲǱҶصĿҪסˡû뵽ҶػҪ֡֡ĹͯӶҪܴͣƴģܵرġôȴҪ͡ססˮĹ
겻ü
ͣܰٺˮӦڹķһ࣬⹦Ǹ޷Щġ
һ£Żڹķϣһ˼صڹķų
Ծķھܰʮ²ԷҲУҪȺܶƣСҲûǮȥƣ
ԪھڹķҪ
ǿǣӦܹ͡ͶͶͿʡ
ܻҳȡ
פʮ꣬ĹŵݣЩӡ󡣵ֵͼڹţĲҩúĵǸȥģҩõĺĵֻҩõ߼ڹķ
ڹҲ֪ǴĸСŪţĹȫԴﵽҪҪûȥúڹɣҪڲҩлʮҲǲҩãΪҩҩʦʲôġ
ȡַ֮һļ飬ĳ
Ŷ˵ṦһĴұ˻ȥȰó˻Ǯл˵ǿǣ֮Чߣ֮ܶɡ
ɫ䵭һŵãֶҶءаҲ֪ʲôĽС壬ȻһͼڹţǴ֮
֪ǣȷһ壬ֻǲ򵥶ѡ
ǧǰ˵ƽݾڳһضǿļ塣һţü峤ǿǲţƽһ粻һ
ֽǡ
˲ûһֱڣǧ֮䣬䣬˥ȥ
ݸüĵ˵ҪˣⱾšÿʮǧвſܳôһʣˡüһ󣬸꣬һӵʵĺٴνڵĹɣٴλԻ֮꣬͡ҲûĹջ˥ȥ
صļ壬ҲƽݾڵĴ˵
ˣһжǵϽҪĵزʮöҵĵ۸ƽݵһеʵĽᡪ
нǧڣƽݾڵĺΪǵţֶ֯ⱾϸоҳеİءǷоÿһֽÿһ֡ÿһв㣬ͼҳǷʲôرͼ߰šʾʲôġ
źǣķ˳ʮѪо㾡Ҳûдлκη֡
ǻԱʮѧɫĺͯȥһľǿϧûһͯκЧЩ֮ͯͨĽ˶硣
εţֻʵ˲ſţͨǸûеġʣ֪ΪǸĳԱ֪ʲôʡ
Ϊһѧɫĺͯ˳ʮʱȥᡰ˵еšѵѧʱ䣬ڸֺˣܿ˥ȥˡ
˲Сĺ䶯ʱ˶Ϸǲǡ˵еķšһǧ˵еȰᣬԷ书˴
ĩеųǮǿ֧ŶաȺںüСתһöҵļ۸շתҩ
ʱҩŸոƽӵǧڣеʵСᡣ
ҩĸ߲Ҳ˵ǰ˾Űǰƽݾڵһϵļµڹţ㽫£뿴ʲôʹҩеҩˮ͸ǷεּûзǱκĶ
ʱҩĸ߲㷴оⱾݣðΪ˵еķšЩԩⱾʵӦûһЧģ˵ǿǡٵȵȡ
ȻǿǡٵЧǽ˵׷󡣽ֻԾ书ǿĹͷȤ
ϸһۣܹʮ꣬Ӧûзǳǿǡ֮ЧǲκγڹӵеĹ֮ȥѧ
ȡĲʹѵҩĸ߲㲢ûжԱڵĺͯȥⱾ˵еġš
ҩˮ͸ʱŵľǱҩˮŪˣһµǷȥ
µķϣҩİְⱾΪһǡ֣Ϊ͵εĻڹķУ֮߸ʱһãҲȴˡ
ϰ䣬ҩﲻ׳ţسⱾҲһĵͼ⹦ڹķţһ͵سǵĲҩòңڴʮ֮ãմ˳ûж֪ʲô
żȻҲ֪ϸ֪Ǵ˵еķšֻǰһĳСĵͼڹķѣҶءҩõĵͼڹ̫࣬Ҷߵһֻٱеһѣûʲô˵顣
Ҷæ˹мĵͷлȻ뿪ҡ
ǵĮûб顣Ҷߺ⼸ͬ˹żɻɫΪ׵
ʦ֣ôѡˣһҩͯӣÿɽ¹ȵģѧûʲôڹķֻԶ
Ϊ׵߳¥ң˵ȻҪͶͶͺֵڹǹôʲôҲҩÿɲǴáˣҲҵģ޹ء۲ҩôˣҲһض¥ȥ죬һҪУǵ书չ
ǣʦ֣
Ҷԣæض¥


13 
µʱҴҹȥˡ
ҩã
Ҷ˫ϥڲݵ棬ĿɾĬĬתеġ񡱹дѭ
Ҷط֣ŵķȻдŵǡȴǰ֮Ϊ
ﹲΪƪԤƪ񡱣һ㹦
ƪоҡһ㹦ʣСƪȱ
ҶԤƪ񡱣º޷ӦڿԸоһ˿΢ůڵľһ˿Ȼ΢ޱȣȴʮ㡣
Ҷذ뵽ӦǴ˵еڼˣȻĺܡ
Ҷתһ죬
ԡҲһ˽⡣
˵͡Էˮȸ죬ʵ׼ȷ
ǵҪԷҪԺܶࡣ
ҶصθڴÿĴʳ֫Ŀ⽥һ̶֮󣬾֮󣬲ſղԷˮܿס
ʳ㣬ķٶȺܿ죬θڼãӰҲǰ鸡ýʵһٽϼҲۡ
ֻǣÿ뵽ԼѡֵڹЩա
ҶЩĽĿϵͯ
֪书ʲôģ㰴ʱҪѧԿҪһ͡ʵķ֪֮书ʱʱѾˡ
䳡ϣǵ⡢ӰޱȵĻХƾҪһɣһɶߵṦʮҩͯӣ඼ѧʮ书ޱȡ
Ҷصĸʦֵܽ˵
һɣѧһҹ򡶻ȭʱһѡûʲôƼһŹĴ󣬶ͱһͯҪߴһЩʺ͵Ĺ򣬱Ƽȭһʦ˵ʺԼϲ֮£ˡ
ȻԶ˺ѻĵزשͷ͵ĴһȭҲܰשѳɺüƬһɿϲȭ
Ҷڹֻǿǣûͨڹӵеķҽȭͷ
СݣѡһṦšݡСĽЩس߱ڵĽˣܹлѧ书ѡıһṦŹȻܴˣǱҲѾܽżմأһɣɵȥһɵȭͣȴմıߡÿʱ򣬷СȥŪһɣһıס
Ǯ㣬ѡϽСɹ÷֡
Өѡһס齣ʺŮϰĽ
вһ޵ġҪǿϺܶࡣܹҶǿ׳ʢ֮⣬ʲôҲҶҪȭͷȥשͷ϶ȭͷףשͷ˿ɱҲͱѰܵÿһЩ
ҩĹأõĲҩͯͯӶڣڼֻѡһŹѧģޡֹ໥šֻõҩͯӣš
󣬲ҩͯӽΪҩѧͽſȥһš
һɡСˣΪû
һ뵽ҶزЩźΪֵϣ޷ʵˡ
Ѿ㡣
⼸£ÿ綼ѧּܣʶʶҩơվ׮ǿȻԼһһڼҹ
ҩҪҩͯӣڼסһǧƷֵͨҩģҩζܡΡòҩ̬ݡЩδ֪ҩģҲҲϳֵƽһҪסʮζҩġ
ʶҩģҪӡõִӽִ
ҲҶ֪ҩõĽŮǸʲôˣЩȫִӣרѧĸ֣ѧĶǸ߼ڹķҹ书ԶЩרְҩ˵Ҫǿࡣ
ҶûʲôڲҩõѵȻ࣬ٱҰҪǿϺܶࡣ
ʱ䣬ҲһЩʦǵĿУϤ˲ҩõһЩ顣ҩãƽݽҩһÿڣáá
ãƹܣҩҩҩƷҩƷȼɹҩҩҩȵȣִĵӣŻԺҩģ̣ꡢһвҩõŴܹܸ𣩡
ãƹܣҩҩҩ
ҩƽ׸򰲸ҵҩġҩҩΪҪΪҩҩϵͳسǵĲҩãԲҩΪأҩ
ҩڵĵȼɭϣϸĽƶȡ
ҩϵͳҩͯӡҩѧͽҩҩʦҩʦҩʦ
ҩϵͳҩͯӡҩѧͽҩҩʦҩʦҩʦ
ʦҩáسǵķãֻдʦҩʦҴʦ϶һġֱҩʦͲҩʦˣؽ֣ȻҩҩȴǸҩİ׼ҹϵ
Ҷصʦҩʦڲҩǽڴʦһнʮҩʦˡ
ҩʦһѾٻԳȥҩˣǸڵӣһһĺϸҩͯӣòҩŲҩͯȥҩ
ҩûʸʦͽֻܴͯӳȥɽΣյĵطҩ
ҩͯӣҩɽҩ꣬ɽֺÿԴӲҩлüٵĽɶʦнʽΪҩѧͽҩѧͽſɵҩԻߺҩѧͽɽϲҩѲɼҩĽҩʦղҩһ롣߰󣬳ɼõĽΪҩҩĴǽϸߵˣԺͲҩֱӷֳɣߡ
ҩãᰴҩĳɼԲҩ˵ĵȼ
ҶżҲڵ˵𣬲ҩ궼ܶࡣˣԽԽ󣬵λߣҲȥΣոӵĵطɼҩġ
ִڲҩͯв˺ܴĿֻš
ҩõļڲҩͯǳŵֻҪҩݵˣΪҩ֮󣬿ѡȥҩҲѡȥسǵĴҩصҩӴԺ帣ðҩˡ΢˲ҩͯǵģһͷ
Ҷ˼Ǿʦ۳ɼΪһҩ
ڵȫûʶΪһҩжѡ


14 Ұѵ
س⣬ʮĳɽ¡ҩʦɽ£һһϸͽܣʵɽ¡
һ̧ͷһǰߴʮɸߵĶ£һ¿ˮĿɿڴ
ҵѽôôߣһˤˣ
Сһ£Ц
㣬ʦ֣Ǵʦ֣Ȼ¶ҪͷУʦأҪٲҪˡ
Ǯ㡢ӨˣһСЪϢ͵͵Ŀˡ
ҶȴڲԶһݵϢָĬĬһµҰѵµѵ֮ǱҪʽҩɽҩ
Ұѵĵһ죬ʦ͸һسǵĽҰʮȦѹͷܶˡ˶ũԻ֯ƽӵܳСԿ೤󣬶֮ǰѾµĻվ׮ѵҲסǿѵ
ʮȦҶ⣬ȫſˣṦõķСҲ⡣Ҷڼķ񡱣һʾڲͬѾȫһɡСǮ㡢Өˡ
ÿд׷мϸ⣬ֻϢһǱָ
죬һһء
ڻɽҰ뱼ܣºӹӾˮɽ֣ŪñˡֻһЩˣֹѪҩȥҲûʲôķ
죬ֱȥͱѡѣ๵׽ɱ󨣬Ыӡ򼣬Ұӣ׽ɽԶߣŪȫǺޱȡ壬ɱҰޡССС޸һŰݡ
˽죬ҩʦسʮȦ֮Ȼʶ͵ɽ£ɽҪǲСһʧҲǸˡҩʦû
Ҷز¿࣬Ҳۡ
경֮̿ʼѰһݵشָ
һɱСһʼɽ
Ϊ˱գ˩һϸһЩȻŴʼ
ᣬ״򻬡
ʹ˳̵ľ㲢ãҲһʮɸߣȻڰɽϲҲ²ȥûһˡƽܣĵ棬ָͷĶˡ
ҹ򡶻ȭͣǳ־㡣֮ǰûʮȦڻܶɽ
ʦȥҲˣ
һɴޡ
ҩʦɽϣֻĮĿţûа㷴Ӧ
ʱ
һڰɽ㱻ʱһᣬͣһᣬЪϢˣȻּҪǲǾֻܵڰɽϡ
̫ɹʱһɲɽ̱ɽʯϡ
ҩʦĺһ
ѵ£ɽȻðʱ䣡
ҶءСǼֻŲӣĿһɱʱзǱڰɽҪָǵʦǡ
ʦ֣ˣ
СηҶһ¡
Ҷԥһ£ӻͳһͷ˺һˣſʼϳ˷ѾǽûԶҪǲȳԵ㶫ûˡ
СɼҶеͷС
ۣʦ֣ϾȻ͵͵ͷԤϵûԡȻթ㣬ʦͶأ˵ţװģİһ¡
ҶغЦֺûͷɲ֪ûԣɵһϰߣҪӴϵԵģŰġ
ϸεİ䣬ȻʼŲæʶһɳԵĿͷʮֽÿһ˿
ӣϰɡ
ҶѾоЩ΢΢ֽ֧ŷ飬彥أɰһ
ɽⶫԽϣĵӡ
ͣ£ʼתܿ죬һ˿ȵľ֫𽥻ָ泩ĸоʧ
ҶطһôôֻۣҪйܿ컺ƣ͡
Ҷؿʼÿַĸоֵʱͣתһ˺棬ÿʮɣҪתһ
ӵʱ䣬Ҷɽһʱǰ˿ӡӣʱ
ҩʦüͷ΢΢һ£ûԤϵҶôˣһɿ߰˱̲ġšһ˵һԡ
ҶҲ֪ҩʦ⻹ǲ⣬ʵʵһԣƳһڵһû״̬һ£һɼ˼ɫлʣµİͷһɡ
һɸмĽӹͷҩʦ̻ʵİѰͷԹ⣬ɶˡ
ǷС
СġݡʺɽṦһԾɸɣǰİķǳ죬ҶѸٵĶࡣ
˰֮ٶȴ󽵵СѾ֧ˡԽԽṦҲתֻֽŲá
ԼʱңСɽ£˲òͷ󺹣ϽҩʦԣһݣЦ˵ʦӱֵôû˼ҵɣ
ߣṦĻôҶػʱǲûҵ
ҩʦһ䡣
СͷҶ˵ʲôʦǸ̥Ȼ书ȻУõı̬ɲұȡ
̫ѾɽҲˡ
ҩʦѵû˶
Ǯ㡢ӨŮͯǵʵʵɽѶȱȰǼѡһֱҹ˲ɽ
ҩʦɽ˵ԹĲݸͳޣȻɽɽɽѵ˳¡
һµҰʵѵڽ˼ɹڣҰɽˮѵʸҩɽĲҩͯӡ


15 ŭ
µĲҩͯѵڽ
ϣҩʦҶÿ˷һöͭңϢһ죬سúһ棬Եõ֮ࡣǸҩɽ֮Ҫ²ܻһΣԺлس֡
Ҷطǳ˷ܣǵһôͭңǮسѰ˼ʮĻʳҪسľ¥͹ݣܵһСľƲĳһ١
һɸǴޣʦĺݣǮȴǣ
Сȷ׷׵ͷ
سǺسǸˣѵһݼ٣Ǯ֮󣬶Żؼҡͼ˵һ£ԺҪɽҩȥˣѵûһˡ
Ҷصϼ֮⣬ȴûȥ
˲ҩãﶵͭǮһسڶֵšֵԣ¥ӯţ̣ٸҹСˣЩũǹϹ߲ˣؽֽ
سǣҶѾϤˡΪҩõͯӣѾоԼݵĸı䣬һЩسͨƽ񣬿ŲҩõƵ·̬ЩηǸֻʮһͯӣǵ˿
Щڽֵؤǲҿ
뵱ǰҲһֻҵͷ·˾ҪܿСؤͷڽֵϣûرܱˡЩЯĽˣҲƶһۡ
ҶЩȸԾЩᡣţҲ֪ûУڲسԺ˼磬ôţǵĵ轻
ţҲ֪ߵʲôطǰСﴦߴ˻
һʮåͷӣߺĸСƤߴһֳСؤ£СӣµǮأسַСүǮ˰СүݺݵĴ򡣡
ЩƤ𣬲Сؤʹл
Ҷӭ濴ˣ΢΢һȺеӡ˵سǵʱ򣬱һЩå۸ֻѾǵòǿǵ׺ݣȴһûв
жʱһĻ𡣵ҪЩå۸ʹţҲسֿڷԣӵĽҰȥѰʳڴţҰҧˡ۸ˣǸ
ڿɲЩå
Ҷ͵ĳ˹ȥ˵̧ű㳯Ǹåͷӵ߹ȥʮһ꣬ڹϴĸǿѵҲмһû书ˣδܱȵ
ѽ
åûв⵽ͻȻһţʱһıߵڵϣ͵ϵͿ˹ʺһǸʮСкʱŭ
үүģСүү
ƤҲСؤתͷҶ˹ȥһӵϣΧҶ
Ҷһ˵Ҳ˿塣˼ȭ֮⼸åĽ¸飬ȭŸûмģߴҲȲһɵһһɻӳȭͷҲܿסһ¡
ޣҲүү
Ҷظɴ಻ˣһ˵åͷӣåͷӵϣȭͷʮȭȥɲǼ䣬åͷϿ˻ôãѪĽ޵ѽʹˣүүӣˣ
ļҶطݲҪĿåͷӣĲסˡʮಽ֮ȿ񱼶ȥͷҲһأȱȥˡ
ҶûΪåͷĶ֣ͣǰå˰ĸйеŭͣ֡
СؤΪ⵽åߴһֱͷӡЩåˣҽɵС̽һںڵ˹ȥȻ㶵Ҷء
ءظ
СؤڷЩҿ϶
Ҷ󾪣ССؤ
ţ㣡
Ұظ
СؤҶأ
ҶؼæܹȥͬСͷʹҶԭΪҩſһֻ֮ҲѼˡû뵽¸֮󣬾Ȼϡ
֮󣬴ţᣬ˵
ԭɴţΪûбҩϳȥֲҶطֿ̫ԶһֱڲҩøתƣϣܹšǺܿ챻سһåᷢˣѵһСȥԡֻûѵɹΪˣ̫ܵǸå᲻ò˰ѵСͷ
ţһֱسַֻسؤ۸ЩåҲҪǮ
Ҷˣдޣåͷߣݺݵ˼š
СӵͷϣȻܳһʮŴ´ĸƤĴ£ǱΪ׵һøͷŲµĿ󺺣лֽУðСӣ۸ҰͷˣүүĹͷ
ϴСӾǰ棬ûأ˼ҷƤˡ
ǼƤ˷ܵĴУǰ档
Ҷسͷȥʱһû뵽ǼƤȻôͽһȺİˡĸ޴ƤԡһʮŴͷĴ󺺣ɲܶԸ˵ġôߣ
ɿɨһβ׼ţܡ
鲢ûҶзչ
󺺿ҶصĴŵ·磬ؿĿĲҩõҶǡͻȻסˣǼ˶Ыһ¶һ˿塣
Ϊسåɵ˰ҰСܸˣôǲҩõˣ
ҩسǿͷŲĺǿ󻧣ͽǧĺҪǮҪҪǲСһͽ֪ôġ
سʮµСᣬ˼һָͷҲƣôҩõˣ
ǰֻһʮĲҩͯӣ˭֪ûд裬Ҫ΢ҰӴҲͳΪسǵһʷˡ
ŰˣʱͷǼƤӣ˶û۾ûǲҩõĴ𣿣ͷǸ
ǼƤ󺺼͸ȵĻͷת˵ڵϣ͵سҶءɴţ˼ͷޡ
磬үǴˣ
˼ǧ֣
Ҷؾĺ˺üһȻ
ţЩηСҶغ濴Ұˣ۾ԲˣͶŴĺϲ£ظúˡ


16 ɽ
ҶشŴţسҵһɼҵ̡
Ҫ취úôţ
ôţس֣裬ǾԲеġòײҵţôţˡǣĵλݣҲû취ôţҩãҩͯӡ
سн˲ֻ࣬ʦԼλʦֵ׽һЩСسĵ軧Ǯ㡢Өǲ÷̫֯ʺϡ
ȥҲһɼҵ̺ʡسסҿѧһִգԺܿԼ˫ԡ
һߵʱ˵سʲôطԲҡ
ҶغܿسǶϵƽҵ̡һСƾɴ̣ſڲһ죬һ¯ӺһЩͷһЩͷʲôũߡ
һڰ
ҶصŰݷãһԵ÷ǳˣæܣͬʦֵܣǳϵʵӣҶأֻǺЦЦŵͷϰҲԲ
Ҷذ֣ôʵˣôһ˵вסļһ⻰ҲֹţһҪˡ
ҶذѺŵĴţ˹һɽһֵͬܳɴţ飬ôţҸɡ
Сһ׮
һûгɣظӦȻϵ˵Ѵţ
ϵȴųüֻҡͷ
Ͷһ̶ֵ֣ܵһæͰﲻɣԺôˣ
һɼˣҶʦҲûٹչҪΪһСʧӣ˸飬Ժôʦ֡
ϵǺϰ죬űһ仰˵Ĳ岻
Ҷˣµ˼̫С嵭ˡ
ҶؾΪ˶ߵģȻС̵Ѵһ˲ף˱еġûлɣһ˷Ϊۡ
̴ӻͳһöͭϵ
ϵǮ࣬ÿ컨ͭҸţ򼸸ͷͳɣӦһ¡ԺڲҩǮ͹ΪţĻʳ
һһ죬Ҳӻһöͭңϵ
˸㣬ʦǷ˵ǮЩǮʱҲòϣɴչµĻʳˡǽһɽһӦܻһΣʱ϶Ǯôţۼ̡
ϵﶵŶöͭңȻû뵽óµĻʳסˣڵͷ
һɴϲҶصļƼû˵Сһ׮ʦܣλͬԺʹˣ
ҶذжʦƽʱȻһ֣ż۸ˣڹؼʱҲ塣
ﰲúôţҶŷĵ뿪
ա
ҩõʮҩͯӣʽڡǷֳʮ飬ʮҩĴ£뿪سǣֱǰ˷ǧ֮ڵɽ֣ѰҲҩ
Ҷˣһлҩ
лǼͽܣڴԼʮ߰꣬һϮͨĴֲ£ݳﲻ࣬ǺᡣȥһͨĲҩˣϸһ˫޳ӥצһ֣ȴܷʮӥצĹŵϣһĽɫ
֪ΪʲôҶܸеҩõˣǣܶ඼һ䡢Į֮ѱ˷Ⲣǹԭ򣬶Ǽ󲿷ֵ˶
Ҷرһĳشҩ¨ʢϡˮָĲƤӵȵȣһһǳģĬĬĸл岽֮ڡ
˵ĸأȫһϡ
л˽Ĺ֮󣬱˷ֹ
ˣһֹȷĲҩϡлҩΪģǰɢҶؽĺ棬Ҳȫ
һһ˫ҹͣ濪ɱӨ棬һ֧ԮǮѧɵ÷֣ң׽ޡһЩмֵĳޣҩ
СṦʱòϣʹṦ˵ΧٲΧƮƮȥԻ顱ҫĳɷָһЩżҲܱ񵽼ͼֵСҩǸջ񣬰ѷСϲ鲻Խ
ҶȱͷǿȥҩҪж˼ϵѹûиãȻܹߵĸԶ
ҶضԴû˿Թԣ֪Լı£Ԥƪ񡱵úܹ죬ʢڶ̶̵Զĸʦֵܡǣ۴򶷣ȴֻ±ȲĸʦֵеκһҲӲͨڹӦеĹЧ˵һֻǿǣٶѡ
Ÿظ·Ҷһ·϶ڱ߱ǹ΢һ˿ϢھÿתһС죬Ի֫ϵƣ룬ʱָĵ
ϧǣǹϢƺ׳ֻô޵һ˿
ÿתһȦָҲһ޶ȡĹģҲָ
лߵĲ죬һ·ϷĴɽѰȥ֮ɽ֮ٶȸͣͣɽ£۲һǷֵһβɵĲҩż±ߡӹȱ߰˿òݣ˸Ҷʲôġ
⼸·֮䣬Ѿɼĸ顢ҶӡӡʵҩģѺüʮСӡƤӶװˡ
Ҷһֱл岽֮ڣԿɵİлʦֵ۹֮ûע⵽ĲҩʦԶԶһ۾Ϳˡ


17 ҩ
һº
ҩãСԺʯݡ
ҲôΣһ½һɽûʲôɾ˶ٶöͭҵĽĲҩͯӶںܿȥҲܻ²ٵͭǮǳ˲ҩѧͽĿ϶ָ࣬ƯСϱû⣡
СһεСǮҶǰϲ̵˵š
ΪСڲҩ;ĴƮżҲɵһЩͼĲҩõĽǮмһһɡǮ㡢ӨһЩҲһʮöҶرŲҩ¨һòҩҲûвɵֻ˴ԼһٶöͭҵǮ
صس֮лĹף˽
ҶЦЦЩɬ
˭ǳԿ͹ءڲҩͯӶڣмٵһԺΪҩѧͽֻ½Ҳһԭܼ򵥣ڹ̫ʺϲҩСṦʺϵһ
顱һһɴƿľŽˣɫѿĿʧһԲĴڴϱǣҲ˵
ףʦ֣ô£ôôĻ
СֵĽе
ҶؿһۣҲ֡ʶһôãûƢŴոջأһöͭңôϳȥһˣôԵ޹ʱõ⡣
Ǯ㡢ӨʱҲŴ˽
ҶغͷСɿ
Ǯ촽Щס
ˣ
С󾪣ʲô
ļȥҩСѾˣҩͯӡһʦʶǺСĻ顣
Ǯۿᡣ
سǾôسĺܶС໥ʶȻûʲô飬ǶҲ
Сˣðλز
ҶҲסˡһ£ڽ֮ʮҩͯӣܻ¶٣
ҶزɵĸеƺЩ䣬ʯĿ˼֡
ҩͯӾһⲻҥ
Ҷزûбجĸס侲ѯʡ
ҩͯôģ
Ǯҡҡͷ
֪ЩСӵĲҩͯӻ֮ɫȴʦֻɥȴʲô˵ǵƺǲʲôҩĵʱˤġ
ҶҡҡͷҲ֪ǲҩˤġ˴书Ĳҩͯӣһ书ǿĲҩţô
Ҫ֪Ǿôģ취ٳΣաʦáʦãسˣϤȥʶĲҩͯһʣôһ̡
һͻȻ۾м˿ɺѪ˿
ȥʣ֪ôģ
ҶؾȵĿ
һɺ޺޵˵ҸӵͯӶʶһ˵һĹȵͱϷһϰڲݡＸյĶͣɽҷǳ絶ӺǳױǸҩԼԸðգһṦĲҩͯӣһʧֱĹȵģһӣںӹȷһϡеҩģҲΪҩԸðգǸṦֵȥʧ֣һգ۱㱻ˮˡЩҩһǺöЩͯӵȥǵİȫ
ҶءǮ㡢Ө⻰ɵĳԾͷʯߵķС
мṦֻзСôһ죬ǸлҩʦҲҪȥðղҩĻһֻ±ǷС
СѾɫҰףɵˣͷȥôⲻǺúõ𣬺úõΪʲôҪˣǰ˶öͭҵ飬ѾȫûˡҪǶҪǮʲôã
ҶĬȻ
뵽һԶ⡣СҪˣһ˭棿ǮӨмĳһǵݡȻһɺֻˡÿһΣһݡ
Σ뱣סСֻзСұ㶼ȫ
Ҷؽ뷨Ǯ㡢Өһ˵ˣҲͬԸ⾡סС
سϢ졣
лҪɽҩȻҲҪٴγɽҩһҲûа£˼أʱ͵͵ֵһлƺǸ˵Ķһ
رǷС鼫䣬û˼ʩչṦȥȡʲôҩ޲ԼṦĿ졣
һɡǮ㡢ӨҲûʲô˼ȥ׽Ұޡ
ȻǶֻʮһ꣬ƶ඼ǳԿͷĳЩѾΪ졣Щжˣʮ־衣
лѾǵĹ飬֪еԭ򣬵ǸûᣬţֻżЦһаôҪõǵʱȻõܷɣ
ֻҶأŲҩ¨л岽֮ʼյ͵
ȥһһꡣ
ҩͯӵĶڣܿȥ
꣬еʱһ»üҩͯӣеʱ򼸸ҲδһҩͯӡȫǷҩģҩĵصǷΣգԼϳĲҩͯǷʧ֡ûг㣬ǲ˵ġ
һ꣬ҩͯӾ鲻࣬߸꣬Կʼ٣һô
Ҷһ΢һЩ
лֻ÷СΡ
ССһɵĹĶ£֪ԼѲ˶֮󣬱֮±ĿṦӲǰݸ˵ľ硣ϲֵӣ㾳Ҳס
ټҶءһɡǮ㡢Ө˵ȫŹͯӶڡ


18 ֵ
ڹлĶʮҩͯӣҩüڲҩʦǵ£ɱ񣬽нʽʽΪҩõĲҩѧͽ
ҶشҩʦӹһԵĲҩССĵղغáСҲζѾʦʸ߽ҩˡ
󣬼˲ҩѧͽصĹأΪҩѧͽ֮󣬲ɻҩģϽɸҩãȻɼʦҩĵļֵᰴղҩǮİٷ֮壬н
ÿͲҩ޶öҶӷҩġ
ָǲҩѧͽҩ󣬿ɻýǮָҩıļֵҩĵļֵԶԶĵļ㣬رָĻͨҲָǽǮһöͭҿԻһöҶӣһöҶԻһöҶ
´ﲻ޶ͷٽȣôá
ÿɽɼҩĺܶĻҩý߽Ȱٷ֮ٷ֮ʮһЩҩƵļҩƷڹؼʱԱȳٷ֮ʮԽΪҩǸʱýߣٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮﵽٷ֮ʮʱʸΪҩʦ
ڲҩѧͽʮϲ
ǰҩȥҩÿֻܵõһöͭҵཱԺԼȥҩǮǰղɼĲҩֵģõ϶ܹԶǰöͭңöҶ
̼ոսΪҩѧͽ꣬׷ļȥҩ
һɡҶءСǮ㡢ӨʦֵܣҲԼȥҩ·Ϻ໥չˡ
Ҷ뿪֮ǰȥһ̣ͳɴţ𡣳ɴţϵѾ൱ʵҲ񵱳ǸСˣÿܹһǮܹԼˡ
ҶοԼڣţҲܹúúõģҲܷĵĽɽҩ
뿪سǣǰɽвҩ
ɰǰģʽҶһ˱Ųҩ¨˵ĸأм䡣һǰ濪·ӨڲӦǮҶһϡСΧٲƮȡһЩͼֵĲҩ
ûǸлҩٵĻᱻȥðҩһ·Ե÷ǳ⣬̸ЦȥΣյշϿðա
Ҷ˵ѾһɵĻġԤƪ񡱣ڵһ˿Ϣ׳˺ü֣ÿλָҲһķ˳ĽҲ൱㡣
ʮǾɽˮһЩɢ
ҶЩǡ
ÿ϶һ²ҩ¨ҩļֵҩĵļֵǲҩ˵֮һ
Ϊ˲ҩΪֹɼҩĲࡣϸһ£ƽҲÿһöҶҩģöҶ޶ԶʱϣȴѾһµ֮һ
Ҷذһ˵һɡС˶ʱǮӨҲ¶ݡ
ɲС¡
Ҫǵһ¾ûô¸¾Σˡҩõ̷ЦġۼڵѪܵƤιǵѪˣΪĳЩù⵽ͷͽеûɣе˽Խɼҩķ˱ˣеѰﱻץġ
ɢ̼ʧǽļ죬òҴҵȥһЩЩϿȾڵȣΣգǿҩĵĵطðգܵĶɼһЩҩ
ЩΣյĵطһϳĻǷСΪṦãΪݣֲժϵҩаա
СΪıԹһҪȥܲȥ
һҶرŵĲҩ¨ҩģҲʼࡣʱһµʱǲò뿪ɽسǻظϡ˳ڻ·ϻĽҰ˵ͼֵĲҩ
쵽سǵʱ˰Ѳҩ¨еҩĶֳѣϸһ飬ҩ¨ԼǶʮһöҶ΢һҩġ˹ƼǮҲǶʮöҶٻöҶĲҩ

Ҳ˵ֻһ˿ɲҩ񣬶ʣµ϶겻µĲҩ
˭öҶĲҩ˭öҶҩ
ҪöҶġмֵĲҩһȥɻģ
СһڱҪöҶĲҩ
ĬȻ
СðҪöҶûġ
ʣµģ˭һ㣿
һɡǮ㡢Ө˶һ˵Լһ·ǻɽ·Ҫһ㡣Ǯ˵·׽ҩģҩкܶҵģҪһ㡣Ө˵ɱҰҲ٣ΪʲôҪٷ֣
ϵµĲҩܷɣȴ˭Ҳ׵ò
ҶֻһԣĬȻĿšΪûвɹҩһҩ¨Ҳ̸ǶġסҲΪǵҩִ
˳ȥͻȻһ˿ȻȻʦֵܽãΪ˱һ£пǰȴҲִ
˽һȥҩȻ㣬ȴΪ˷ҩǷƽ˸顣
ǸÿǶһȥҩˡ
뷨ģֻһˡ
صسǲҩ֮еҩıȥõļҩҩĵļֵҶءһɡǮ㡢ӨҩֻﵽöҶΪǵһ£ᷢ䣬ÿֻ⵽ʮӵ𷣣һöҶֻöҶ
СһΪҩ㹻⴦öҶĽ
˻صסʯݡ
СһԾԼһȥҩȫԲɼĲҩñۡ
һŷСһֻѧṦҪŲǣҿôԱ
С⣺ɵҴ򲻹ѵҲܰƾҵṦʲô׷ң
һûٶ˵ʲôҲһȥҩƾһ˺ѻҹȥá
գȥҩʱ˸Աңֵ
ǮӨһȥҩ֮ǰǻѯһҶأǲǺһȥ˶ҲӦһ¡ǵ¶ı飬ȴͬҶءΪҶмһҪûҪṦûṦֻ㣬ߵľöѡҪҶأҲǳͬ顣
ҶؿЦҡҡͷߵĻҩʱǸסǾһߣһ
ңҶҲһɰԼ˲١
ʵϣȥлҩл岽֮󳤴꣬л۲ҩҩеһһĬѧʵüࡣ֮£롢ǮΪɢѧٺܶࡣ


19 ӥ
ݲҩҵĹ涨ҩͯڽҩѧͽ֮õڶš
Ҷ飬ڶҩ֮ǰһ˲ң뿴ܲһй书ṦǿԼİȫʵ
ҩѧͽȷߵڶţǲҩͯһѧҵ书ˣǱ뽻Ǯš
εżǮͬһöҶһͼšмҪʮöϵĽҶ߼ҪʮöҶϡ
Ƽ˲ٵţʲôơʮöҶڹĸʹ޴󡣻ʲôʮɱߣʮöҶʺϲҩѧͽѧϰ
Ҷļ۸񣬴˰Ρ
һöҶһ͵ţ
ɽһβŵöҶѣҪɽʮΣǮʮöҶҪ׸ɶʮ꣬ڡ
ΣҶֻܱϲҩ¨뿪سǣʵʵɽȥѧһŸ߼书뷨ţ꣬ռҶѧһŵͼڹṦˡ
ʮ֮ҶرŲҩ¨ͷ󺹣һɽϿȵһɽϡΪɽ壬˽ʱãɽ;в˺üҩֵüͭҵǮҲû˷ʱ䡣
ҶҲ֣Բҩȷ˽ҩܹɵĲҩ
һÿƽֻҪɵʮöͭҵĲҩһܹɲɼöҶҩ񡣵Ȼ۳·죬Լص졣мĶʮڣһʵҪɼԼʮöͭҵҩġ
һߣôÿƽɼʮöͭҵĲҩС۳죬ص죬мĶʮڸҪɼߴһٶʮöͭҵҩģǳѡ
Ϊһ·ϵҩô࣬˶ˣȻ֡
෴ߣòɼҩ
ͬʱȻҲбס
ҶɽŵʱǻǶ׷ᡣһֻ˵һҲܰǿȺ鷳ˡ
ҶȻһѿ񵶻ȥȺֻƴܣܵĲ̫죬ǷɽˮƬ̲ͣӲǰѺ׷ĲǸܶȣ˦˲ǡ
Ϊ˶ܲǣ·˷˲ٵʱ䡣
Ͽɽϵ£ҲΪ˱ɽϿȵһȺǡϾӥһȺҪöԸһЩƬкüﳤ㹻ѰҺüĲҩˡ
ҶɽѰһԶܷľʯʯ¸Ѳҩ¨ˮƤСδȵȶ¡
ɽʯݷѰһߣͷһζ߸ĳһ٣ָĵ
ϢһС֮Ҷſ񵶣ʼڷ嶥ĴѰҩġʮֲСĹ򣬱ɽҵʮҩֵøʮöͭҡ
ĹҶѾﷶΧɽѰһ飬ѾģкüҩĲҩժˡδģһҲûжҩ˵ĹأǾȥЩδĲҩĴ£ڲҩǷǳļɻ䡣ҩõļҩʦҲЩݲҩġ
ɽѰ֮ҶزòʼðգȥɼҩԴɽЩϲҩҪǲȥɼ̫ϧˡ
峿һ׼׵֮ҶذϸֱɽһôһʯϰʵֽϸϰʵˣŻɽĺɽʡ
ɽ崦зӥЩҲҩ˵вӥˣй
ҶضԴ׼컨˰ϰһЩҰݱ֯αװ£ϣƶСĵıЩӥżֲժĲҩ
յĹ˺ɽڵİɽһյɽ£ɣһ͹£վˡɽмӥӥΧƺ˼ҩ
Ҷֻһۣûϸԥһ£ҪҪȥ
ҪǱЩצˣʮ鷳Щղݵľס㣬ϵצڻڰɽжʮֲ㣬Է
ӥѾ볲ʱǰȫġܹɼҩĻĲҩɣԺúϢһ¡
Ҷس͹ȥϸıʶһǴ͹µĲҩǼҩǷֵԼȥðա
ͻȻ΢΢һ¡
ƽ̨ԵһɫСݣʮֻۣһҶӣһ峺¶飬̫âģҰͱ̫ɹήҲˣﻹ¶顣Сȴĺܣ糿ոճһ˿̫ɹӰ졣
⼸Ҷܹϵͨҩǧ֮࣬޷ϳʲôݣҲܴµıƷסСϵãǿƷףϡټСݣҲ֪ܲҩ


20 ҵ
Ҷаһ¼ֵҶһ¶СݣֵøһöҶҡֵðһˣ漸ɺܶࡣ
ҶַɿŤͷΧգмֻӥԶεûע⵽ĴڡɰϲԼֻҪ½ɣվǿ͹ʯϡ
һϸ˫ֽץƶ
СƬ̹֮䣬ҶѾһվǿʯȰѸļͨҩժˣŽСҩ¨ȻʯıԵȥ׼ֲժ¶Сݡ
ߣСݵʱ
ҶһɹĸоСƺ̺ĳص޷ֵһɾ޵ĸо
Цæ˦Դĺ˼룬оڲҩ
ժϡеСݣʮСġΪ֪ҩԣ޷֪мֵĲλҶϡϣڸ׼꣬࣬
ҶĴȰγһŵĲҩССĽСݵĸһһͣ˼ĸϵ
ϣСݸϵľҶŽСĴָСǸȴн߳ӣŰһڳ
ౡ
մһӥ
ҶһȻһɲĸоԼ̫רעҩĵʱ̫ãȻӥŸջ׿ȥƳһֻɫӰӴӰдһĿϮ
Ҷ붼û룬һҩСֱѸ͵سǻӰȥ͡ǻӰûܶ㿪Ҳ֪ĲҽһҶصĲҩСһͷ£ܲɼɽϿС
ҶҲʹĵһ˺ѿͣǻӰǰҵһģСֱ۶ļۣмצץѪۡ
ֵʹҵ顣һץסɫСݣСҩ¨׼ʵǡкüӥɲֻһֻӥ뾡뿪
ֻӥʱĲҽУѾΧĻӥ
ӥӰڵλüϮ
ҶʱѾٱκλ룬Ҳûʱȥڣ֪ԼһȺӥΧ£ɽȥԼѾأӦսӥȺ
һᣬұվ͹ʯϣô˩סԼóԼһѹںЩ۾С񵶡
Щӥ
ҶҲĬĬС񡱣Ե˿ϢСۣС۴ʹڹķֻǸǿָҲĿݣԶԶǿܶ౶
ȻûѧǿĹ书Ŀ̡ɱ쳣ĳ֪ɽϹˡ
ͷӥ
Ҷؼһ˲䣬ѾڰеĻ켣ֻɵ죬ѾʮֻһЩ
ƣ
ͷмûгɱ뷨
ֻӥ˲䣬Ҷ׼ˣеĿ񵶺ݺݵĳǰ˹ȥֻ꣬꣬ӥһ񵶸룬ɽ¡
Ҳֻӥӭײһ½ʵұϣ⵽ֻ޴ײһ㣬ǹײȴʦֵȭͷҪӲϼ֣ʺһѪӿ˳ͨһʯϣͷһƬѣҪϻӣֻҪһͷɽȥ
ʣµֻӥԼͬתۼʱסһ󱯷߲ĺХڰ⼸ֻӥӥĿѪ죬ŭͼ꣬ŭǳѨɱǻԪס
֮䣬Ҷش۾Ѫ˿Ŀ¶һɴ̹ǵɱ⣬ץſ񵶣ֻӥš
ʮ֮ǰҶظϵʮνɽԣɽһǳԵĵɽֻ׺Ұޣתܵģֻ·һǰŴţڻĽҰ˵ʱ򣬱ڰҹҪĺ̰ҰѾʮ꣬ǲ֪ǰ˶ٱֻӥ
ֻҶظղ⵽ײֱֻӥڿϮֻҪ̱ǲԾצ˺ѳƬ
ֻӥֳ׺סûץסʱͷӥҷֻӥ
ҶҲʵǣѱ¶⼸ͷӥ
ץʱ䣬͹ʯϣĬڹķ滺ֱĽǼ⣬ָƴɱ
˼ʱ̫ɽϹ˴̹ǵĺ硣ͷӥʧȥģٴηߵУƺ֪ԼвռǳѨĵˣһɫĳתͷԶɽȥ
Ҷһɿ˽ץſ񵶵֣һصȥȥǱߵĸɺԵѪٿԼȫٲ߰ӥצµѪۣѾڴԡ
пЦһ¡
ԼɲˡΪ˲ժ꺱СݣһСϣ治֪⾿ֵֵá
ҶռһƬӥеĻӥʱǰȫˡϥʯϢƬָ̣㹻׼֮ǰʵɽȥ
ᵽһӥĸζ
뵽ǼֻӥҪҶʹ֮ĶְǼӥ˳׼ٵǣһӥﾹȻһöҵ
ף⵰е֣ҲġҲãûʲôóԵأθ
öСҩ¨С


21 Ӽ
ķ磬Ŵ̹ǵĺ⡣
ҶֽץסŶ͵ұɫ֮ǰʵɽصɽһʯµʱס
ɽҹ
ҶؼһЩݲҰݣݻʯȼھʯһ𣬼Сյˮȡڻҫ£ĿԼɫĴֲѾ˺˺üӣֱۡºü˺ۣٺӲѪ衣
ˣٴοЦ¶һ˿ɬ
һ˿ƣľϮڻϢһ˿ڣӴҩ¨һͼֹѪݣˣͿĨȥʹ͡
ЩСҩ¨˽һջÿæµջҲֵʱ
Ҷҩ֮˷ܵĲûе
һͱϲժĲҩֵϰöͭңƽʱĲҩˡһ͹ұԵժĺС̲ݡðգҲðյĺô
еĲҩҩ¨С
ҶɫСݣСݱڳ󣬲ûҩһήң۵ģǵ¶鶼ڣɢŵĲҩ㣬һǿҵһȥ
ҶǿֵĿֿȴʼûϳ׼ȷֵɵЩաֻܵԼصسǵĲҩúЩḻļҩʦһˡ
СĵһƤӣСݵĸ붼װá
ࡣ
ҶƤоԼĸЩˡ
ͳСҩ¨öҵٺЦ¶һݺݵı飬аıëץң㺦СүҶСҳǵĵ
·ϸȥҵϵĳͺͿݲҶ
öҵЩ֣ƺмĺۼǻӥץĻҰ׺ۼĳصԶģۼżļµâ
ϧҶضӶˣɽīڣȥöҵʲô֮
Ҷ˹һ£ѿöϸ΢ѷ죬Ǳһ㱡ĵĤţûһ˿ַ֮ɡ
ҶذѵѣѵĵǸһ飬ͱƱĤͣһڣಣҵƣһ¶ǣһٰϸĸɸɾһ˿ҲĤҲһ¶ǡʳǾ˷Ѱ㡣
Ⱥëĵζ
δ͡
ɫѺڣҶûע⵽ǣöҵĵȻͨĵ嵰ȴɢŵĻɫâƻãޣɽһĸڣʧ
ɾĵǣֶߡ
Ҷس˻ҵСƤ㡣
ɽʯһЩݣϨ˯ͻȻоڳһɰϢͬǧɿһڷС壬һС޷Ұĳ
ô£
Ҷش󾪡
ѵԼʲôʱ˶
⼸ѧϰҩľ飬ֻг˾綾ŻͻȻ絶һʹ
ԼҲûʲôرĶ
Īöӥ
Բ
ʲôҰ޶µĵжӥжû˭˵׵顣ų˵ôΨһܵģӦõմĳ־綾ûвɾԼҲһȥ
ҶԺбܵķɿֿܡ
ʹЩܲˣҩ¨һЩⶾĲҩԡȻ֪ʲôҩ¨ƶҩࡣпŻµĲҩѳµĶŻ³ᶾ
ûȥѾʹĲڵϴֻ󺰴Уڵ˸йʹĻȥ
ܻңܻȥ޷ʱⶾĻɣ
ҶҧأƴĳʶҪĵطȥ˴ҩ¨ֽȥǿ侲־Ż
־ץסһҩѾ޷ʲôˣֻƴһǿţҽһ˹ȥ
һвûֹͣ
Ҷصļðܿ˱ɰţ¶ʹı飬ϵĹһصڿֱײѪڣһ˿˿Ѫ
ҲһУ޷磬ȴԶݲݡʯеδȼĸɲ֦δϨǻ𣬱дҶأһܷĿݲӼ
ҶܷӼ˹ȥﻹץСݡ


22 ޾ա
޾ա
ԺˡоԼġԽǱһģʲô벻֪Լ˭żҲһ£ԼǵԼʲôˡϵԺ֮䣬š
ֻһŰɫ򣬴ԼĴָСϡ̻ᣬƺһ΢ܰɢӴ˳ʧ֮䣬κκۼ
ڣƬûз硣
֪ʲôطԼһֱƯһƬ޾֮УΧһƬɵģɫеĵطΪĴڣ˰Զ㽥ˣֻܿԼ԰֮ڡ
ƯƬޱ޼ʵãȻͷͷƯͷͷƯͷ޾ĻҲûмʲôҲû˹ʼЩȤʱˣˡ
ΪʲôԼ

ʹġšͷ˼š
ʲô벻ԼΪʲôӦԼԼԭƺӦһǳȤĵطֻ˼ʲôûУֻлա
ԭӦʲôطȴˣΪǲκ顣
ÿͷԡͿҪʲôʱ򣬱ͻȻһǿҵľϮԺĳ˯˹ȥٴ΢һЩ֮֮ǰ飬Ǳ˸һɶһ㶼ǲֿʼϲƯ
Ưš
ϲķ֣ԼƺƯԶĵط
ǣǻɵһƬûκζö֮Ҳ֪ԼƯͣԭأ֮ûʲô
մʱˣҲֵڣ˳֮ĵڶֶס
Сֻһ˿ͷϸԼһ糤ҲŹ⣬ǵϹ⡣ٶȺһһҡͷβţʱķ֨֨һ˿ɫС硣
ЩǣСΧ֮ڣûлεĻԶɢɣƺڶ
ϿСɱҪС̫ˡ
ô˵ҲôҲһŹ򣬶Сһ˿糤Ĺ߶ѡ
ⶫס
ԭΪͬ࣬ʮϲƯȥѺõĴһк˵ԽʲôģһƯҲһƯڼįϾ̫¶ˣܾúܾòܷôһСȻúúʶһ¡
ǣƮ׽ɵʱͻȻܵһɼĿ־壬һввŻ¶ıܿ־塣
èӥһûеɽֻһ֡ӡ
뵽ûת֪СʲôҲ֪жΣգǱܸٲӱû
ܶԶԶȥк
˿׻ζĶʱͣҲƺǹ̬ʱʧȡ֮һޱȵơһŤȻ˹ȥתһٶ׷
ŵþðó˳̵Ŀɡ
Ӱһһϣһǰһ޾Ļ׷
ٶҪôһ㣬˾롣ֻǣ׷ᣬɣǧɣ׷ҧסʱµϢ
Ҳ֪˶ã͡
Ӷˣһ·ڶ˿ס˿ס˿סΪӵ̫죬СĴЩСأЩСˣҲ׷
֪޾УȻôСǰвһɲǣֻתķȥ
ڣƨɺ漸һǧƵ˿ЩСекü糤еֻа糤ǧ˿ף໥ײһ֮󣬽۳һס
֪˶á
ָһϸɵףΧ˿Ļջʱ򣬲ϵķ
ӣǿֲԶԶġ
ʱһѾСİ׹мһˣ׷𣬶ǲ֪ʲôʱ޾յĻ
Ļ׽γһСľ޴Уƺƴ󣬷ϯܱߵĻۣϱԽԽ̤ʵ
ײϵķɫ磬ͼ˺С
꣬䡪
һ˲䣬ױһɳɫ磬˺ƬСб˺Ϊ룬³
ҲںľԪ𽥱Ϊ׹âɢ
ԶԶĶ㿪ľĿƬյı仯㵵̧ͷϻɢȥ򽥽ʵ¶ʯ


23 ϸԪ񱮣ľ
ȵķ֣ƬޱߵĻУѾһƯĻҵ졣
Ưĵ죬ڶļӲޱȵĻɫʯɡĵɽԲһͻأʯ֡
ֻлɫʯͺͺģûκԶ뵺֮ĵطһƬļµ޾ããա
ϲ̳Ư˹ȥָоһˮ޾ĴƯ˺ܾúܾãͻȻһЪŵĺеһϲƴĳ˹ȥ
Ư˵ϣ̤죬жʱһʮ̤ʵĸоϲ⡣һһҲûĸƼƯƯȥ
һԼһɿ߹Ӳϵʯƺγ֮ʯˣȻһ塣ʯһĹȦΧţΧﵽԶһˮһ
֪Ϊʲôʯһַǳȫĸо
һƯ˹ȥ׵ıһͷȦڣʯϵĶ
ֻʯһе·Ѻۣƺǵ֣֮׾ۻ룬ƧɬֵǣȻһ۾Ͷ֣ʲô˼
£ҿȥֻʯд
ϸԪ񱮣ľ
Ҷ
򣺷Բһȱ
ԣľ
ʮľʮˮʮʮʮ
ԪʼԪʮһԪꡣѺԪʮһʮ졣ʣԪʮʮһһ졣
Ե
񣺽
ʯϵ·ͷһԺļˮһӿԺУڼ˹ȥһС
Ҷأ
Ҷô
ɽҩһöӥѨĻҵȻ޾աǹˣԼôһط
֮Ϊϸĸʲô
ô뿪
ѵԼΣҲδ̫һ㡣
ţƣˣ漴һǿҵϮ˯˹ȥ

ҶظоǳƣԼʲôһ

ʵڱﲻסˣƴþȫȭ͵سǰȥһʵıϡһ屻ȭͷһȭͷСĶ
һʵĴźĿӿ
̰Ĵںš

ҶʹѰĶƣ
ɽ嶥ϣһƬ
¹⣬΢΢ɽǿԿΧ
ΧΣȻֻ£һʮδӼɿݲݡľ񡢻ҽʯճɵģʮֹ졣
ղǽʵĿݲӼһȻ˳
ԼǱֶסˣ
ѹôƣʹ˺ôľŴ򿪡
ԼղƺһΣεԼһֵգиϡ
ҶϣմͺͿݲݣһֵĺζͷϵһЩݲݳ£ϽӴҩ¨﷭һˮͷȥϴɾϡ
ˮСӰܵһ׶ѹҲѽеҲޱȵļˡ
ǳӥ˲ĶʹȻһΣ޾այסԪ񱮣ļǵãȻӼ˳
ҶӣôǾ綾ѾڷˣӦˡǸֵΣ޷⣬ҲȥˡûҪΪһΣŪԼ
ɫڣɽϺ
Ҷ굽ʯ£˲ݣӣ˯˹ȥ
գɫ
ҶسüĿǰһѲҩ
ʱһ´ҩ¨ҩóɹһɹϡС̲ݲ
Լǵã϶ʹʱƺӲҩ¨ץһҩһʲôҩȴѾǵˡԼǰС̲ݸˣŽ˶ɡ
ɰϧ
С̲ݣֵһöҶɵֵĲҩ
Ĳҩû¡
ҶϸһЩҩļǮִԼֵĸҶҲ˵Ѿ֮֮ĵĲҩ񡣿ӦܹɲҩЩĶࡣʣµʱ䣬ҲðΣȥЩնĵطҩˡ
ϣûȥҩɽѰһƽ̹ʯҩĶ̫ɹһɹЩҩѾήɹ˲ᷢùʣױ棬ҷܶࡣ
ɹҩҩʱҶҲûš
һʯͷӰ£ӻͳڲҩͯʱӲҩõǲᱡķھζĿҶѾϰÿ쿴һھٽд


24 ҡ
׻˵ٱ飬ʦҲͨ
Ҷط⡶Ԥƪ񡱣ҲҲǧˣǱļҳֽãҲ̡
ھķûһɵġȭǿĹҲûСġݡ̬ṦЧ⼸ѾСİҲᵽķھҪ·ֻ̣Ҫ꣬Ϊǳߣָٶȼ죬֪ƣ롣·ʱˣҩʱȻˡ
Ҷ΢΢Щźǣֻһ
ǰ벿ֵһҳȻ󿴵ź벿ּµҳϣдż֣ƪоҡһ㹦
ǰҶضϰԵֱЩ֡
Ϊϣĳλҩǰдۣ˵ᡶֻԤƪ񡱿ϻڼӶﵽǿǡٵЧ
ƪоҡλǰΪϰ֮˺ôȥϲߣ⿴
Ҷز֪д۵ģҩĵһҩʢһ⽭֡
ҶҲΪԼλд۵ǰָһֱûȥǵͷר־Ԥƪ񡱣ôޱȡ
ڣͻȻЩĶ
βҩΣգҶһְĽУǿԼʵԼȥ治֪һ죬Сˡ
δһ֮ڣܳﹻңȥҹһѧţ޷ѧ书
ǰһֳɵķھҪǲȥһ£δһֱԶĸо
ҪЧҲûʲôʧҲ˷˲ҩʱһʱѣһͭҡҪʲôЧʡһʵĹŵĽңٸɺüĻֱ˵ĺ飬ɵӡ
˵ˣϿ϶˳ɹĻǰΪʲôҪأ
뵽Ҷ̲סˡ
˺ҳ
ҡڤ˼޹ˡһķһŵϢһйı顢ÿһ˿ѪתΪԪ
ףԪʲô
Ҷӣֻڹ˵Ԫʲôģ
ˣ׵ĶҲ룬ֻҪˡΪʲôͲС
ҶϥĬпھķľͼԼϢʼµĴ
ķȻЩ졣
ա񡱵һһ˿Ϣڵ΢΢ǿڼջۣڼڵ･
ǰաҡµһ˿ϢȫţʱȴͻȻʧ֪ա
һ߸졣߸죬ȴûǿһڹ
ҶЩףΪʲôλǰ˵ҪȥȻԭġƪµǿڼôϢ֪ȥˡ
һü죬ÿɰҩȻҶЩɥ
ҶزûΪѶ׷Ū˿ϢȥˡڵϢԵ޹ʵʧ٣ҳԭܹ⡣
һգҶһһʯ´д졣
ʶȫУ˿ϢƶʶѨʱͻȻһɼУɲǼ䱻˽롣
ţǰȻһ䡣
ҶͻȻԼһССĵɫƯһʯϡ
ʯһɴСĹȦţʯʯڣһҸܵգƯ޾Ļɫ
Ҷغһ
ⲻǰԼξôԼͻȻֽˣ
ңԼڿɲΣ
һ塱Ư
ƯʯȦֵķΧֻڹȦƯдֵıԪ񱮣һְȫСҪ뿪Ȧ˵ԼǷȫ
ļǵãЩеޱȵסһ˿磬¶ҪССɲܳȥҹ䣬׸
ҶڹȦƯţŻҵ졣
ûκα仯ǸǰһͺͺһƬã
Ψһı仯ǣ϶һ˿˿İɫߣͷ˿СԼЩζʱеζĶŤӣڵĴƯţĵʮ˿âֻڵĿƮƺʲôԼһ޷뿪졣
ҶسһЩʲôòҲһֲɡ


25 Ԫ
ҶظЩһ֡âϸЩâԼһʮ˿֮ࡣ
ɴ۾ʵʵĴڱԪڵĹȦڣаֻЩâҪڵĵط
ǣҵҲһ﷽ԲѣƯƯȥһ˿վƯ˱Ԫ񱮵ĸ˱Ԫ񱮵ݹȦȻͷԵһͷ˽ݹȦԹԵȥûͬڹȦڵҶС
Ҷؼһͷ˽㱻ŵĻˣֻӣԶԶ뿪Ԫ񱮵ĹȦ
ܿס
ΪԼû񵱳һܵĸеǿҿ־壬֮޷ͷ
˿âеĻ졣
˿âӦòûʲôвԡ
Ҷظˣ޾һࡣԼҲƯĿ˿â븧һ£к
û뵽˿â˿âͻȻ׹Ϊһ塣
Ҷһ˲䣬ҲеԼƺǿôһС㣬ôһС㡣Ȼļ٣ȴĸоˡһ鲹ƷһеƣͺҲɣ
Ҷһ£Ȼ˷ܵĴдЩ֪İâȻġʳøǿ
ҶûԥɿĴһ죬ûзֵ츽״ڡ
Ҷ̳ԪڵĹȦЩâƯ˹ȥ
õĹЩƯİâһһץסԡˡҲ׹΢΢һ㡣
Ҷزɵİһϧİâ̫٣ԡϼڡܹһЩĻǾ̫ˡһ֮ҶزڸϾôָϻظ뱾Ԫڵط˱Ԫ񱮵ݹȦ
ӥ壬ʯ¡
ϥҶأȻ˫ۣ˫ִؿ³ɳһĿƺ˼˿ɣԵøӾͷҲΪ˼֡
ǣɻ
⡶ƪҡʲôķھڼްȴĳĹЧ˵ֹЧʲôٶľ׳ʮаҲȫá
죬Ҷزϵظ̡
ҲһЩš
Լÿһ죬ڶһ˿΢Ϣеüʱʧͬʱһ˿糤İâ
ѵ˵Ԫ
Ҷÿ߸죬ϻ᲻಻٣պö˿âȻҲ˵΢ϢʧǶܽˡ
Ȼ븡ڳΪһ׹ٰһ˿˿İâˡϡĹ򣬽΢ʵһ㡣̷ǳĻҪµĲϵĻۣùʵ
ھҪ೤ʱĹȫʵȴǺŪ
Ҷؿ֮󣬾ֹͣ񡱣ǼоԪġҡ򣬿СܹЧ
ʱһζҶزɵöҶҩģ㷵سǵĲҩýµ
ȻسϢһ죬ҶسҲûʲôҲûжٸѣϤֻʦʦֵܽüˣдţѡϢһ죬⼸˴кٴ̤ϲҩ·̡
ȥ
Ϊҩѧͽ֮ĵһʱҴҹȥˡ
Ҷһ¼һȺӥ˺Σ֪֮Լ书㲻ȥΣյĵطҩ־塢ڡϿȡǾ̤벽
ֻڽΪȫɭ֡ԭҰɽҩҰǣҲƾżǿѡֻɹöҶֵĲҩﵽҩù涨ޣ㲻ɣʣµʱȫͷһа취ԼΪ
ҶصĲҩ̫٣ʦԵʮֲĲҩѧͽһ¶ѾܹɼʮöҶĲҩҶһֱǱöҶķ
ҩʦĸÿ²ܶɼҩôһֻǸҩѧͽɵҲܽΪҩܵΪҩ֮ôڲҩøߵĵλĽǮسӵһסȨȢҩŮͽ
ҩѧͽûġ
ҩʦ߳Ҷһ֮ͨɫԻֿͣʼĵȰҶػǱкܴģҲͬŵͽõһҶҲʮϴСǸÿԺˡŬɸ꣬ҩȢһңСУӶðһɡСɶʮƴ˾ҪΪҩǮ㣬ӨŮҲԽԽƯɱǸ˰


26 
ҩʦһģвգҲҪҶȥƴҩȻԭġҩʦΪʦȨͽܲɼĲҩлһֵķֳɡҶزɼĲҩٷ֮ǮԼٷ֮ʮǮҩʦʣµĹҩáҩʦȻϣԼͽܲɵĲҩԽԽá
ҶضԴֻ֪ǵͷĬԶԡ
һʮöҶһöҶһͼŵǮԶû㹻ôȥðգҩǱ˵ģԼġΪ˲ҩô㶼ûһɺͷСҪƴǵ顣
Ҷؿյģÿ¶ᱻҩʦ˵һ١
Լȡ
ڹȥһڷҲԼİ׹˲ʮ֮һٶĻҲ˵Ҫʮʱ䣬ùһȡ
ҡͼĵһ㾳磬ҪùһԲ깦ڶ㣬ҪǷ
һ򵥵ĴԹƣһ㾳Ҫʮ꣬ڶ㾳Ҫʮ꣬㾳Ҫʮꡣ
Ҷذѡҡͼĵһ㡢ڶ͵㾳綼ʱѾ߰ʮĴͷȻغˡ
ǰʮһѡ
ĿıԪϣÿһ죬һ졣ȻҶز֪ʯΪʲôԼһѾǿʯŲɡ
һ뵽ԼڰʮһʱȥҶбһ˿Ŀ־Сη壬˵ıܣ֪Լһֿ־иСûκιϵ
֪Լʲôʱ֮Ҷضҩʦ˵ĽҩڲҩûãȢ֮飬ѾȤȱȱ᲻Ȥ
Щ֮⣬ҶصҲһЩ仯
Ϊҡĵһ㹦ĹУҪһйġϢԱκεԪй
һйġ顱鲨
ڶйġ
ȥ龫ǣķ顣
һһо񣬼ӿЧ޷Ļɾģһ̶ϻٶȡ
Ҷڸոտʼһ㣬Ҫ顣
ǹη׻ǺǱ˵䳰ȷάһ̬ĮΪֱܹµά֣úʲô
Ҳú˵Ϊ׸ı̬
ڣҶȻھҵĲ˼Ǳȴ˿
˲еԭЩʶҶص˵пɱЩĮԽӽ
ȥڲҩͯӵڼ䣬ҶشµȻӲͱˣһȻơȲһǿʤˣȭͷ񽭺еĻ磬ҲСƽһЩ£пζ̫Ũʦֵ˵УҶദ
Ǯ㡢Өʦöϲ죬һЩȤ飬ЩĸҶƷŮǱк죬˼Ҳ࣬ѾΪǽˡ
ԴӳΪҩѧͽһֻÿ»سǵʱżܼһ棬кܶ໰ҪҶ˵ҶȴһαһθĮϲȸԾ޷Ӧİİһġ顱ȴ͸ģԹ
Ҷгһ˿ɬ
Ƿ࣬Ҳз࣬Ѿܱ¶ֳ˵Į֮ı顣
ʦˣʦһɡʦܷСĹϵȻǶ񻯡
һһҶظһȺҩõѧͽȥϺȾƣҶΪȥֵ̫ĵطԾܾˣһΪҶɨӣֵܣҶп
СΪҶ̫°һЩҶظкӲ¶ЦмǺޡʦֵ֮ԭǿϵĹϵһԽż棬ҲǴкѣлһġ
ҩʦ˿Ҷصı仯һĳҩʦУҶĮǺܺθڣһҩѧͽӦе̬ȡҪôʲôֲܵԣɺû¡
ΨһҶοģǳɴţ
ҶÿλسǶȥ̿ţţѾѧͽڽʵʮСܹĴЩũߣʳûġţǸǰһΪ鵭Į϶ֻǣʹţ֮ҲǰͬʹֵһĹϵţиǾη
ҶȻ־η飬سľƼͨ˶Խ˵ľηֻҪţ̹ĺãҲͰˡҲ޷ʲô
֪ȥҩû˭ܹܵǿҵĵĮˡҡʼ·ֻעҪȥ


27 ʧİâ
ҶؿãѸʱڲҩ֮ϣͼʦֵ֮ܽĹϵʱȥֻҪʱһԹ޻ǼǺޣվӰ١
Ҷҩʦϣܹɽһ㣬ٻһ˲ҩáԲɼĲҩ⽫ʱ˷ص·ϡ
ңԼ˵һ£һɺͷСʲô
ҩʦЩ졣
ҩвٵϲҩǴһһسǡ󲿷ֵҩѧͽסּįÿ¶سܣسľƹҩļįЩĲҩҲԸɽôһ±һˡ
ȻҶҪҩҩʦȻˡ
Ҷرϴҩ¨Σ뿪سǣǧԶĵطȥسϽԲǧɽϹշ룬ӽϪ
ҩõĲҩȥĵطǶﵽﷶΧһ·֮ڵĲҩ㡣ܶƫԶϹûвҩõȥ
ߵԶһЩҩʵҲһЩ˵ܹɵʮݵϵȲҩ
֮Ҷ΢΢һѸ£һվɽ塣ɽ壬һǰںɽ͹ʯһϡ¶ݣҴӥһöҵˡһȺӥצ¡
Լһеĸı䣬ԴǴðա
ڲҩõĲҩ伮Ѱ˾󲿷ֲҩʶ鼮ûҵС̲ݵļءѯһλḻϲҩʦϲҩʦҲСδţ¼ִ绹¶Ĳݡ
Ϊðղҩˡ
¸һ֮ͻȻ飬Ҷؾ￴һȻйһ꣬ôܻܿеڶ꣬ࡣڲҩ˵ϡĲҩֲȴܶбʶһǳܵ顣
Ҷɽ嶥СĹ嶥һʯ¡
ûʲô仯뿪ʱģֻ¶ǵĲߵĹͷڣֻǴʳµĻҽ괵ɢۼ̫ˡ
ҶذѴҩ¨ڲݵϣڷ嶥Ѱ˵Ұζ˳ˡƫ̫Ѿʱ֣ʱȥɽ²ҩãһھ׿羡ϢһȥҲ١
ϥڷ嶥ʯԣʼĿ˹
һȲϵд죬ڵľתΪâҲǡ˵Ԫ
Ȼʶ޾յĸΪ׹
ڸ׷Щâǿ
ҶضѾǳ죬ÿһεգӵΪޣܹһɳĻСڸڵƯţ׷һ˿˿İâ
ŶԸϤҶҲ֪޾ף׿żȻˣֻҪ뱾Ԫ񱮵ĹȦڣôҲ޷Ȧֶ׷ɱ
ϣǷǳȫġ
Ҷءԡ˿â֮ϸѰһ˿âÿ߸죬Բ಻٣ÿ춼˿â
֣˿âҲ֪ƯȥڰоȻҲ
һ˿Ҳ⣬ǰ˵ʱҶر˲ŹκһʳϰߣûŹ
ҶƯɸߵİУϸĴŸԲһɽĹͺͺʯҳ˿âټƽΪҲһЩɽʯ
ѵ˿â㵽ʯȥ
Ҫʯºңϵİ͹ʯɲ٣ѸҲҲ
ҶҲȥңڵϷȴ
£âʯ϶ȥˣҪ˶ֻγܿˡ
Ҷصãû˿âٳɰһ£³ʯȺķ϶Ưȥ뿴ô¡
ʯ϶̫࣬ܲҡ
ҶڴСʯ϶ȥ̽ͷ̽ԵĺšЩ϶еֻа磬еֻһۡҪǿСֻҲûЩͺͺĻɫʯ϶ΪʲôûУҪΪ˿âҲ
ƯţͻȻͣ
ʹᡣ
һɼ䵭ζеǲҩ㣬е峿ݴʪ¶ˮζʲôζ糿ּҩζ
Ҷһ£ɿĳܴȥûпʲôرĶ
ζƮȥ
΢ԶЩԶζ㽥ŲţǺܽš
ʯת˼ȦζԽԽŨ
һ϶ͻȻҶصǰȻʡ
۵С¶ݣÿһ궼һҶӣҶⶼһ¶飬һСƬϡǵĸճһ͡


28 ¶/Ԫת
Ҷؼˡ
Ҳ뵽ϸĻʯ䣬ֺüС¶ݡ
ƵƯ˹ȥŨζжʱһ˿áζɱһǰŵĻ㡣ζ㼫ľ
ԼС¶ݿɲһˣû뵽￴üꡣ
˼ǵõԼһöҵʹļ˹ȥʱڴҩ¨ѰҽⶾĲҩʱץסһҩԼǲǰȥˡڶȥҩ¨ʱ򣬱㷢С¶ʧˡʧС¶ݣʼͷһĲûȴС¶ݡ
ҶС¶ݵĶƯ˺һҶϣȷǲǻӰʵʵڴڡ
ɵĳ
ϸѨʶڣﲻԵ޹ʵĶּС¶⼸С¶ݣ϶±ϲժС¶йϵ
мɻ
һ㣬С¶ô
ڶ㣬һС¶ݣôС¶ݡ
㣬С¶ʲôġ
ܹ⣬еɻӦñܹԶ⿪ˡ

ɽ嶥
֮Ҷʶ΢ƾճֵС¶ݣʶٶС¶ʧˣɹЦʱ䣬ϵķĥŪ׾ô¡
ԭʶеϸڵ羹ȻͨġԼֻҪʶƶϵС¶ݱ׵ĳСҪƶظҲһʶƶ
С¶ΪʲôĸȥѾ⿪ˡһǵʱӥ֮нʹǱʶ°С¶յ˸֮ڣ˻ҷ϶֮С
ͻȻ뵽ʲôҶæץĴҩ¨װŵͨҩһԣܲҲƽȥɹĻҲٱųصĴҩ¨ֱøװҩˣԴԼ
Թ˲ҩ¦еͨҩ֮ȴûκЧЩҩȫ޷븡֮С
Ҷز΢΢ʧ
Լļƻвͨˡ
ֻС¶ݲصĹЧԱƶ븡档
ڵڶ㣬ΪʲôԭֻһС¶ݣȴ꣬ûκ
Ҷؿʼ˼⣺С¶ݾʲôʲôģصĹЧ
Ҷڲҩѧһõİ취δ֪ҩҩԡ
Ҫ֪С¶ʲôܹʲô򵥵İ취ֱӳһ㣬һ¡еĲҩ˳֮󣬲żҩġ
ҩֱʳãֻҩЧ̫áƳҩƷҩĻͨЧԵĶࡣ
ҶóеһС¶ݣŵĲҩ㣬òҩõġҩһҩԡ֮ǰΪ˰ȫ׼ʮ겻ͬ͵Ľⶾ嶾ĲҩԼһֿԵ¼ŻµĳҩԷԼж
һ׼׵ҶС¶
֮󣬺޲Ӧ
ٽС¶ݵҶƬ
֮ûвӦ
ͨ£ֽʽҩҩжĻⷢ顢ࡢʹΪյĶԷǳᣬֻһЩʹ࣬
ҶؼԣͷɸоãзһҩƣѾȷһûʲôԵСˡӦԲҩͨҩ
ҶٴҧҶӣˣһһĳȥ
ԾǣС¶ݵҶӳ¶֮ڸڻΪһ˿˿ھУײʱȻܿʧ
ϤҲ
Լÿ˹ʱ
ݣЧࡣ
һСҶذС¶ݶ¶ǣǹ÷ǳͣȫľڳײʹе˼¡ſʼʶϸ
Ҷسһ
ҶȻѾ׼Ʋסеľϲ
ֻİУѾʮ˿糤İâȥɴ۾ɿһһʮ˿Ҳ˵겻۵С¶ݣתΪʮ˿âÿһ˿âĲƷ
һС¶ݵҩЧЧԼʮġҡ
Ҷؼ̲סеĴϲڷһܹٶȵİ취ˡ
£ԼҪʮ꣬ſꡰҡĵһ㡣ʮڶ㣬ʮ㡣Ҳǵĩڡ
ڲͬˡ
ܹõС¶ݣһһĻôٶʮ౶һһ㹦ļֱǷһ
ѹֽˣϲóһЩʮϰҩڹҩǿԼڼԭôõЧ
ҶŪС¶ݵĹЧȥʣµС¶ݣҲȥЩâڸƯţΧС¶ݴȦ
꣬๻ѣһ취ŪС¶ݲС
ҶƯţ밡밡ͷˡɲΪϡСݣɽϻ᳤źܶ࣬ȥɼٱô꣬Ѿոˡ
ôٵС¶ݲԵ⡣С¶ϼ֮Ҳɻޱȣİеô


29 
ڷʱ
ϸڣҶͻȻɴ۾ֿһ˼
ֻһ˿âߣţСһС¶ݵҶꡣ˿â̱С¶ݵҶյһ˲䣬С¶ҲԷǳԵٶȳ˴һ֡
С¶Ҳᡰԡâ
ҿԿհâٵĳ󣿣
Ҷذ۲ȥڶ˿âٴαС¶ݸյ֮˰֮ʮֿ϶жϡ
С¶ݿߵĸǰҪԶ
ΪشķֶеȲѡ
ͬʱԼãشķ֣ԽС¶⡣ɽϲɼС¶ݣһϸֱ
ңҲ²⵽Լ˿âеһ˿ȥ¶ǱЩС¶ݸ⡰Եˡ
֣Ҷؿʼʹ˾ϸĹ۲С¶հâÿһ״
ҶѾʮ꣬˺üĲҩͯӡҩѧͽĶԼ˼άѾ൱ܣһССĹ۲Ѳ
⼸С¶һССֲ顣
һӸȡеһС¶ݣֱӿڷʳãתΪʮ˿â
һѾˡ
ڶøʣµС¶ȥհâ۲С¶ݵı仯
âڸĴƯĿС¶ݡżôһ˿С¶ݣҲ⡣
֪ΪʲôҶؿƶС¶ڵڵλãȴ޷ƶâ
ΪС¶ݳɹհâҶĵƯƴĹŰâߣðâС¶ݡҶڸҲһСѣҪץסâףҪðâС¶ݣȴһѶȵĶ
۲
˺ôĹС¶ݰʮ˿âˡ
Ҷط֣С¶ݳһ̶ȵʱ򣬱ֹͣɳʼѸٿӡȻӷѿһǳСС¶˰âŻ
Ĳظ顣
ҶؼʳõڶꡢС¶ݡظ֮ûʲô仯ʼնһϵС¶ΪĸݣӣС¶ȫϾ
ظ֮ҶصõһԼֱͨʳС¶ݣС¶תΪԪâѭž븡С¶ֿհâӣɳΪһµС¶ݡҳɳٶȾ˵Ŀ죬ֻҪյİâ㹻գ۵Ĺ򣬱㳤ˡ
ϵѭȥ
յĽǡС¶С¶ݣûж࣬Ҳû١
Ҷˣˡ
ķ˽ʱ䣬ȥֲ顣յóľȻһۣƵ¡ҲֲС¶ݣٱʲôϣ
ȻʵҪС¶ݣҲȫûа취
ǾҶر뽫Լÿ˿ԪԼգȫС¶ȥաĻԼʮܶ೤һС¶ˡ
ǣִܸ
ԼٶȣѾˡС¶ݣΪľԼٶȡԪԼȥգС¶ȥգǱĩá
ôС¶ݸʲôѵȥǮ
ҶҪĿɲǮҡԼС׹׳СԽ㣬ӰҲԽ
ԡʧܡֲ飬Ҷֻܿ
Ҷػһɻ
ԭֻɼһС¶ݣΪʲôһ֮󣬸ꣿ
ҶؿԿ϶ԼԪһС¶ݳˣųġ
ΪҪС¶ݣյİâǳӴ󣬶ٰʮ˿֮࣬ôʱﲻܻû˿Ĳ
ǰ죬һ˿âʧ̾׷ȥķ֣ʯͷ϶гŵС¶ݡ
Ҳ˵һС¶ݣӦĳЩԭ򣬡ԡ˱ĶųڵС¶ݡ
ǣʲôԭ
ҶĹƯڸڣٴο˼Ӧؼ⡣ֻҪ⣬ܻܿҵֲС¶ݵķ
Ŀ⣬ĴС¶Ļңʯ죬һֵñɵĶܶǺͨĻңûرĿĵطĻңӵһ𣬱ģˡ
ΪҹڼӲС¶ݵĸڻҵıϣ֧ŲһЩϸͨɳģͨĺɳ
ɳ
ҶٴɨӵС¶ݵĸʱĿͻȻ͵Ľһ¡
ڸеĶ
ǵõС¶ݵʱ벿ĴҲһڳģû뵽ЩɳȻҲС¶ݱƽ˸֮С
Ҷʶһ˳ϸصʵ֮С
һɳҲƳ˸ʵеС˿һҧˣԣˡȷǺͨɳ
ЩɳΪʲôܹĽ븡


30 ʯ
Ҷٴʶ㽫ɳƶ븡û뵽ȴʧˡЩͨɳԴӸƳֵǣȴ޷ٱƽȥ
Ŀ¶һ˿ãȻпʼٵ˼ϵĽиۡ
С¶ҪԵĳ
ǿԳԹߡ
ôӦøԳ֡
ҩǳģ̫
ҶһԴ
ѽ˰쾹Ȼû뵽һ㡣һǺúóһ
æɽ嶥ϣʯӲݴУڳüѷʺȻŰƶٴʧܡЩȥǳʺ޷븡һȥ
ô£
ҶЩͷˡ
Ⲣûѵܿ뵽һ飬С¶ںɽڵһ鿿ӥ͹ʯϲɼģС¶ݽ븡Ҳ͹ʯϲɼġǿ͹ʯϵ϶ܹƽȥġ
ɫ磬ͷŸո𲻾á
Ҷ뵽һСҩ¨һС񵶡һС¡ҩСȵȣɽڣ˳Ŵ
ɽĻӥкܴвòСĽһЩ
ʱ֮Ҷ½µ͹Ҵվˡһֶ˼ӥѨɰЦԼĳѨˣû뵽ִ
ԶжֻӥҶصټౡĽŷ˹ȴ;иȻͣסֻǽС
ҶԭѾս׼ɱӥˣǲҿɵһڡа⣬ѵ⼸ֻӥǰǼֻӥϳЩëļԵͦõġ
Ҳʡˡ
ȻǼֻӥҹҶظϽһ£͹ʯԵС¶ݵĵطھܿڳ˲ٵ
Ҷץһѣһ£ɻõǰᡣɽͨʲô𣬳˸һֺܴĸо֮⣬ƺ⡣
ʶתƵϸȥ
ף
󲿷Ȼʧˣֻɳϡ
Ҷؼסˣ޷ţԼȻȡ˳ɹһ˲䣬ӿһɿϲȷԱ롣ҲζţС¶пյˡ
̽ʶ븡ȥ鿴ϾΣյɽϣӥʱܻһͻϮǿҪļһ
˸װСҩ¨ȥɽ嶥
嶥ľʯµ¶ӪأҶŰһĲҩװŵԱߣϥ£ʶ޾ڵϸ
ոϡ
һűһǰʮ֮һĵС׹򣬿ٵƯԪ񱮵ĹȦ֣Ȼ󼱲͵ķɵС¶ݵĵط
һ븡ͱС¶ݵĸ
⸡ڣҶΪӵУĸоЩУƺĳֵȻŨָоǾԴ˵ġ
ƵС¶ݵĸ봦
ֻС¶ݵĸ֮ͻȻѸٵġꡱЩȻʼܿüٶȿӼѿһµС¶ݡ
ЩȴѸٵʧʮͨɳ
Ҷ۾ûգ£ϸĹ۲̣ƲסеĿϲƲĲֻҪ㹻ġʳС¶ݿڸڼֲ
еɻҲǰһĻ׽⿪ˡһС¶ݱΪС¶ݣȫΪЩԵʡС¶ֲ⣬ҡǲܵ顣
ļա
Ҷÿ춼ʵ£͹ʯھתƵȥС¶ݡ
ϵǿ͹ʯȻӲҲסھԵٶȿʼС͹ʯΧһЩԽԽҶȴȵķ澹ȻȫɫʯʯʵصЧƺܺãС¶ݳɳĸࡣ
ʯģҶؾȻ淢һСĴָСɫ衣
Ϊϲ븡ûֲݡ
ĹҶزŰеĿϸʯϸұɽҲҲʯ֮뿪ɽ壬ǰĵط߲ҩ
ҶؿʼصǧɽУǱ
еС¶ݡʯƵϸ룬ڱԪΧطһһɴСĲҩԣСֲ֣һϰ֮࣬ӨӨޱȻϲ
Ҷزûаеʯõ󲿷ֵʯѷԱߣպֲҩʹá
Ƭ޾գĸϣڳһСƬޱȵɫ
ҶϸϣҲԵˡ


31 س
Ǳɽֶһʱ
һ£ҶÿֻܳһС¶ݣȫ͵ʹѣܲˡҧͷһµٶȣǰʮ
ŹԼСĽľҲʼǿ
˵ڶµʱѾܹǿһ꣬ǰĶʮ
£ܹÿǿгС¶ݡ
ÿһ꣬Ϊȼ졣
³ѮʱԭҪʮġҡһ㾳磬ԲĴָСһԭһʱɢĹںˣٵˡ
ҶҲоԼٺȻ֮ƺͻȻһ㣬쳣һξȵķ֣ǰﶼɷΧ֮һжģûпģȫ֮СֿƸУǰȫûᵽġ
΢ʮಽ֮ݴǱһֻ󰣬΢Լڷɳųɹ۾ǱȪϴһ峺Ҷ֩ÿһ˿ߣɼӿᵽʮĵּŨʪζ
Ҷ΢΢һȻתͷ֮⣬һ˿ö񶾵۾һȻݴʯ죬Ҫˡ
߿ҩ
Ҷϰһöʯӣָһ䣬һƾ𣬡žһ£ߵǱСʯӸˣ̱ڵϡ
Ҷص֮󣬴һ£ȵԼޱȵ˫֡
ƺһִδйУʹһֽţȭȡɨȵȻĹȻĿݡѸ͡;׼գ֮䣬ܹʮȭӰɸߵҸߴ£磬ЧͨṦ١
Ҷ漴һԼĳȭٶȡ
֦ͷϵСˮΣӰ˲гʮθСˮΡȻжǿǷӦٶȴĿ죬𾪡
ûѧ书ҲһԱ
ҿ϶Լھһѿ񵶣ҲܸǰЩ͹ϼС
ҶؾϲһθоôûãǶĳЧѡҡ㹦֪꣬ʲôЧ
֮⣬ҶҲΧɽɼһЩͨĲҩҩõĲҩ
Ҷؿʼҡڶ㡣ڶҪ¶ݣǵһķҲ˵Ҫһ¶ݣſڶ㡣
ʮεķ֣ԼӵеʯѾʣ޼
ڹȥµʱʳõ¶ǳÿ춼Ҫһʯ¶ݡʱһȥڻϸڵһʯܿ㱻ĸɾֻʣһСʯԼһСǳ衣
ûʯӦ¶Ȼ޷Ҳͣˡ
ҶΣֻɽѰʯʯǣ¶ݡʯڷǳϡҩϡʯͷôѰң
ӥɽǿʯͱ׸ڹˡ
Ҷɽͷҵ˴£ûзκοϸ۵ĹǺϾҪʹʶϵĳŰѸֲľʯͷϸܷҵС¶ݺʯĶʶ÷ǳ񣬶һԪ
Ҷʮ־ɥҲͨĲľʯͷѰϡ뷨С¶ݺʯǿĶؾڷԲǧɽϹҪȥѰϡĶ
ԼҲн꣬ҩ¨װڶͨҩҶؾȷسǽҩȻ°ȥصշ壬Ѱʯ
ҶصĽų̷ǳ죬ʮ֮㱳Ŵҩ¨سǡ
һλسǣҶؾȵķ֣سﾹȻİĽʿվƵꡢջȺĺŮкܶ˵·϶Ÿְеı־سûмôĽسǳֹ
ô£ҶЩӿŲҩöȥڲҩһڵѧͽһæµ΢ġ
ҶȥõļҩԼɼĲҩϽˣһ˾ʮöҶĽƽÿ¾ȻﵽʮöҶ޶ࡣ
Ҷʦʦ밲ÿηزҩñ顣ҩýײɭϣΪӣҪʦԼ٣Լʦѵʾָ
ҩʦ֪ҶĲҩ֮󣬷ǳοɼڲҩúҶͬһõĶʮҩѧͽм䣬Ѿϵˮƽˮ׼ټһѾֻҪĻΪҩûʲô⡣
Ҷظҩʦ˼䣬ʦسΪʲôôĽˡ
ҩʦĿУҶ֪سǳһ顣ԭǲҩõĶҩڽ°꣬سǾٰһʢҩƷҩĽ״ᣬƽݾڵĸμӡ


32 ͬųͻ
ҩƷʢᣬƽݾһʮҲѵһҲֻҩһĴͰᣬʸٰʢᡣ
ǰҩﶼֱƽ׸ٰʢᣬǽ겻֪ʲôԭȴƽƫԶһسǡسǾٰ졣
˵ˣҩȡġһʢܹسǾٰ죬ܹزҩõĽλ
ⳡҩƷҩĽ״ᣬȻҲƽݽʿĺ䶯
šסҩƷǽر֮
ͨǶأ˻ó׿ҪʦֻܶҩƷеĴСᶼҪⶫ
ڽߣв˵Ǿ͵ÿҩ˾֮⣬һЩǿڹΪҩǽ֮͵ıҩ
سʱƽطĽˣ˿ֵ֡
ỹĸµʱ䣬Ŀǰسǵģܶ඼ǸĳﱸԱǰԤȶóס߲㣬ûеִ
˵ִ߷壬ڽ״Ὺʼ֮ǰİҳ֡
سǵĲҩãΪҩıطãѾʼڳﱸʮ꺱ʢᡣ
ҩõĺܶ߼ҩûлȱ֡ڲҩͣҩ֣سά
ҩʦҶʱҩӣǲ
Ҷ̵ͷǣ˳ҩʦס
ҩʦеֻǱϵĹûκ׽СҩʦĹϵ˵ͽܺʦ˵ǹ͹ͶҵĹϵһɻһǮѡ
Ҷڲҩô֮ãҩϲ¼֮飬ʲôǰǮۼۡɲҩǮô̷ڲҩͬһʦ̳ͽܣʶˣͨûʲôԡ
ҶزæȥɽҩϵĵʱһЩصҩþסСԺʯݡ
ҩѧͽûʸ񵥶סһ䷿ӣɺһɡСסһֻŮѧͽ֮Ѿ˿Ǯ㡢ӨѾڸڵһʯס¡Ϊ⼸˲ٲҩͯӡҩѧͽСԺʯݵǵĴ´࣬ӵ
ҶػصСԺʱипûлЩİˡ
ͻȻǰ洫
ֻǰĸˣŮվСԺڣƺʲô
һһʮ߰ˣгŭһ˫Ʋͣȭͷд˵ʲôƺߵҪ߬ȭͷˡ
һӲߣʮˣԥ
һʮŮ˪̬ȼ
һνССӣһʮŮ۾ЩףСϻ飬ί
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ǲһɡСǮ㡢Өôɣһǡ겻һɡСߴ࣬Ǯ㡢ӨСŮѾЩŮ緶
ôˣ
Ҷص˹ȥ
ӨţҶأ¶ľϲʦ֣Ƕʦֻˣ̫ˣֶһˡʦ֣һҪҰ
һɡСǮҲ
ֻǮ㳯Ҷ⡣
ʦֻôĹܴĹõЩĸ˸ˣʲôٸˣٸ׸Ӯܵʱ򣬻ܵĸһЩ
СЩмʼ硣
ô϶˵أһɵ˷СһۣȻҶش϶ܻͺãˣʱҲһ
Ҷس˵ͷתͷӨ
ʦãʲô飿
õЩ˸ӡʦúõļʦʱһЩõĵӣǾȻ˶࣬ԵϷʦáҪǵʱڣҷһȭͷ˸Ӳɡ
һӨ͵
ŶȻ飿
Ҷ¶һ˿âҲ֣ǻÿʲôҸѵһ٣ĪΪõĵӶǳسģ
һϲµˣܶʱ鷳ҲڼҵķӦͬʦֵʦó鷳ȴܲܡ
سǣҲôָĿԳƵǻˡ֮ȥʲôͻҲʦֵ֮飬Ǳ赽ͷϡԼĻ鱻۵ͷϣ޷ܵġ
ʦ֣Ҳǲ֪ЩõӵĹǴСͱѧĹ࣬ѧһţѧţѧ书ʱѾѧм书ôʦ֡ʦáʦѧ⹦ͽ˵һЩǶˣһѧṦһѧǲܴܵĹʹ򲻹ǡҪȥҲֻȥװװһѡ
СȻ£̲סȰ


33 
òŶˣܱȵõ˶𣿸ͬһģжʮǲңǶɽ꣬ɱ֪ٲǻЩһֱسļһܹȵϵġƴݾһ㹻ſǶ
һµԷСηܲ⡣
õͨӲʲôõִô죿Ǹִһƫ̻õĵӣҪǱǸץ˽´ܶŹٲһƤ
С˵ִӣһɳüͷ
ҩõĵӷ֣һͨҩӣ£ҩسտҩ̵ȵȣһЩиӵܳһǺĵִӣ£Сȫѧ䣬书һǵıǳŴ󻧡
ҩõĲҩӣ£󲿷û˿ƽ
õĵӶ໥˳ִۣȴ˭ҲȥЩִӡ
õӷʱ򣬽ִҲͨƫõİµӡܶʱõӷ裬ִӸǳ
Ҷؿһ£侲ĳ˵
鲻Ǿ취ܿõĽִӱǡس˴ˣ϶ٲ˳һЩҡǲҩòЩ˵ң϶Ҫάҹƣ书ߵִӶҪȥ档ÿҸִûյʱ䣬Щõ˴һܡõӷ裬ߵӣǿ϶Ӧս
ʦ֡ʦܣ㲻ʶĺֵܶ𣿿ȭʦáʦãǶҲһЩõŮǰȭȻҪһܣǾ͸ɴõĵӺݺݽѵһ£պ󲻳ԡ飬ɴʦְɡ
ãɡ
һɺݺݵ˵ͷһӦƽʱڲҩҲύ˲ٵľֵѣ϶õĵӣûõˡһЩõĵȭȫûġ
ڷСûһɹ㷺Ҳϵòˣȭģ˵
ǮӨͷӦʶͬŵŮӡ
ҶлһС̡
ЩŮǾӨ裬ȭֻҪЩŮԸ棬϶һĽǵеӣ˴Ҵǰʱõ˶ˣЩõ书ôֻаķݡ
ʱͶʮ֮ڰɣʱһִӳʱ䣬õĵӶһҶذȷˡ
ͬʦֵм䣬Ҷһ
һɵ嶯ȻҲЩëçײܸ˲׵ĸоС⡣ǮȻЩվŮӣһݡӨҪ
Ҷƽʱ࣬ӳ侲⣬˷ԸӡõӴܵ飬㶨ʮʱܳԣҲȥ
϶УҿĹ򳤽˶٣ܲܰס򣡵ʱɱõ˸ӸˡһɴûҶأȭͷЩˣֻƣ˳е
ʦ֣Ҳǲ֪ڹǸԹұٽʮҲû⣬ҪȭͷɳŲסȭҪȭұ˰ɣҩõеԸĶ֡ҶпЦҡͷ
ˣ֪ô˵һЩֻ֣ȭͷȴڷֱҩõȥˡ
ʦ֣СϼУΣ
СٺٹЦһȥ
Ǯ㡢ӨҲ󣬷ǳҲھܱ絽ȥйһ
Ҷһ£Ųæȥ
ȥΪġȫ¶ݵҩʵֿͨʽĹûʲôЧ
ֻȥ˵Ĺչôˡ
ڣдԼʮʮ굽ʮ֮ӣ
ЩҪôǵ书Ҫô׽ϰϰԴɣ⽣ӰȭŽڴСУΪ֡
Ҷڳ˺һȴüͷ
Ϊ֣ʮӵ书ƺʮֽӲһ۾ܲ׽ǵĳй켣ǵÿһӽȭȵϸ΢ľǸոտʼϰ书ͯһ
һȭĴһȭԴƽڵϵĵŵש
Ҷصֻ̫»ûлбˣͱܿ
СġݡѾ˵Ĳ㣬ڷɿԾȥʮֵɣӣմıߡ
ҶعȥһֱԷСṦеĽȴͻȻãСȥЩȤһֻһеɵһöʯӣҵȥСֻڵźߺ󣬱˰ɡ
Ǯһľ׮ľ׮ž죬÷ֲǰӡеô졣ԼĻԼɵץס˫ɵС֣÷ַӲκ
ӨĽƺҲ˲˺ܶ࣬Ȼ΢ĻζõĲȣҲ
ûһ˵Ĺ⣬⴦ͱ֮ô£ǵ书ȵ˲ˣ߻ԼΪˣ
Ҷڲͬʱ˼
ƺԼеĻҪࡣԼ˰ʱ䣬ԭҪʮʱĵһ㾳޵ԲѾɵĸӴ󲿷ֵͬʦֵˡ
ܹѵڶ㡢㶼ĻԼӦǺĽ˰ɡֻǿϧû㹻ʯС¶ݣȡ
Ҷزɵź
û˲ҩֻܿÿĻٶȼ仺ûһʮʱǱֻ¸޷ϡĵ㡣


34 سǼ
ڲҩϢһ죬Ҷ˵Ĵ֮󣬾̫Щƣ˲ҩõĸլسй
ŷĽֵϤİĸоҶЩп
ԴԼسǣҩ֮󣬻ûسһΣƽʱæѧҩҩæŴ˼ڽй䡣
ȥһسһҡǡǮׯԼҩµһٰʮöҶȡ˳Ǯͨ˼˵ҲһʲСĴˡһöҶԻһöͭңʮöͭҹسͨӳһıеǮһͨķǮ
ﶵǮҶѰ˼ţȥЩʲôмֵĶǿԼʵʮڵǳõӵĴ򶷣û̫ϡеģѰҵ԰ֲС¶ݵʯ
Ҷ֪һó׼й㳡רŹ˽ס⣬ﻹмҲʯ̣Ҳʯֻǲ֪ûԼҪʯ
Ҷţȳó׼ȥ
سڵʿ࣬ó׼ڽн׵ĽҲʼǰʮַ֣Ƿͣذ̯ǿּۻۡ
ҶЩʿȺм䣬Եͻأʮ࣬ǿ彡ĳĿ񣬸ЩͲûʲôܴ
⼸ʵǣҶضЩα뺷ĽͣҲû˾η֮ġ
ھҩҩƷỹ磬ĽֲûеִسǡڴҲǶĽͣûһĸ֣ûмۡ
ҶĿһһ̯ϸĴѡƷ󲿷ֵƷ⡣󵶡ǹڡסס󡢻ȡţƤѥȵȸʽףǮʮöҶһҪġ
żܹڵ̯Ϸһͼ书ţϧ۸̫һЩҪüöҶֱڲҩõҹһͼţֻҪһöҶ
˵ڶֵͼѾۡ
⣬̯ϻһЩֵԭϣǧٹ֡õĽʯڲ飬˵ڶҩģܵϬţǡϬţϻֹǵȵȡٵ̯λϣõƿװŵƷҩֹѪɢʹɢҩƷҩɢƷҩڸɢȵȣֻǽΪټ
ЩֹѪɢʹɢҩһ֪ʲôġƷҩﶼۣҼ۸ȶһһöҶƷҩɢȴҪʮöҶһݡڸɢƷҩƷ൱ϡ٣ȴûбۡ
Ҷؿи˻ĵ̯ڷһƿڸɢһǰѯʡ
ϸ磬ڸɢô
ǰ̯ģһڵ꺺ӣƼҶѯʼǮĴָޣСֵܣ۹ڸɢ߽ĺﰡҪڴ򶷵ʱֽŽ˵ıˣֻҪһ֮ڰѽϣͿڸɢôö±ȫָպ˿Ӱ졣СֵҪĻϸҴۿۣһöҶһݡ
ǰϵĽأܽ𣿡
Ҷѯʵ
ںɫһæ֣ʲôЦǰϵĽҲˡҩȵܾȵˣɾȲָȲ˵ˡСֵܺҲû˽
ȻˣһֵܵСȽܹˣǰˡȻҩûãˣҲûʲôá
Сֵܱߣﻹкöĺö߽ر֮϶õŵġҪһƿɢôԻȫľЩѪľ忪ֻҪʮöҶб޻ϴһݣԺ㲻õԼľΪ˶ˡ
ҵľõúܣôǮһòϵĻɢʲôҶҡҡͷתߣȥ̯λ
ߣСֵܣﻹкöء
ں¶һʹģһڻĲҩ
ҿĴ磬ӦسҩõĵӰɡһҩסͼʮ־ԺҩЩҩҩ䷽õš
ͼʮֺҩ
Ҷԣʱͣ½ŲɵúЦ
ѵƽݾڣ˭ܱҩĲҩõռĲҩ׸ǾһЦҩӽռĲҩҩﶼûмصĻǲ˼顣
ص˵̯ںӵнӹǡͼٵķһ¡ܹⱾҳһûмĲҩĻ㽫
Ҷһ߿һ߲ϵҡͷ
صĲҩȷһЩϡҩڲҩõĲϼͼ޼ֵ
ӷȥҳ滭ŵһϤޱȵĲҩʱͻȻϼ΢ɲĲһ£ȻɿĽͼϡ


35 
Ȿͼô
Ҷϱɣƽƺѯһ޼ֵĶ
ڵĺһֱĹ۲Ҷص̬ǿҶطͼ֮ȴʼ޶ԣûаͼһ£΢΢ЩʧȻҶѯۣƼⱾ顣
ͼķǳ治ϸͼһ䷽ڡСֵҪܹκһҩƷĻǮϧϸҲǸһеģҩϸǾġһڼۣһöҶԻСֵܾô
صȫϡҩΪصݣڲҩõĲҩȫһһҶңⲻڲôֵǮʮҶҪԸҾߣԸˡ
ҶذƾɵġͼĻҳ
ǺҲˣôֵǮǴҩƷ䷽ġһ䷽ҲֵǮ
ҶһЦصݸҲи䷽ʲôڲҩô꣬ҲûĲҩңҩ䷽渽䷽Ҳ㲻ʲô䷽Ҫǲţͼȥҩãҩõʦҩû᲻ա
Ҷ˵ҩãںһˡʵҲȥҩãŰͼ߼ҩãϧڵһλҩʦֻǷ˼ֱۣӶȫһЩͼعĲҩ䷽ûʲôֵ߼ҩãŶûС
ںӱһֱѰһûʲôĲҩõӣȥҶءֻû뵽Ҷؾϵ۾ĺܣͲϵ
˺ܶϡҩһЩ䷽飬ֵʮöҶѰõûãΪǸñҩҩרҩ˵ҲǸߣصĲҩ̫һʮ궼һ꣬ʮûٳֹ˵ʲôҩˡ䷽ȴûҩʲôãҰȥҲǴſѡ
ʮöҶ
ʮö
ʮöˣٵҲ
ںʹҧ˵
Ҷһ£λ֮ڣ˶ʮöҶǺӵﻻᡶͼסҶؼڼ̯λϹһ䣬뿴ûʯұгûʲôرķ֡
ʯһԣжϳǷʶϸ֮Сǣڽ׼ִ֮ͥ£ǲȥԵģֻĿ͸о쿴̯λϵЩʯͷǷʯϧĿ⼸ûʲôЧΪ򵥵Ŀ޷ʯͨʯͷ֮
Ҷûرķ֣Ψһġͼ뿪С
ȻûҵʯõͼҲǲСջͼҳȻһ¶ݵͼƬһСݣҶ⴦һ¶顣
ʱڻ̯ϵһۿ¶ݵͼƬʱ¶֮ɫѾˡҡĵһ㹦ѾܹȫԼ飬ֻҪ¶ɫ
뿪ó׼УسǽֵϣҶȲķͼٴȷǾ¶ݡͼϣҲ쳣Сֱӵĳ֮Ϊ¶ݡǳС
滹¶ݵҩζҩЧ̬ݡ
滹һҩ䷽¶ΪҩԼʮζȻټǲҩΪҩһֱ֮Ϊ衱ƷϢҩƷרڵϢڹ߻ħ
Ҷ֪רڵϢ߻ħҩƷк֣ܶΪƷƷƷƷֱԿƲ̶ͬȵڹ߻ħ߻ħԽأԽߵεĵϢҩƷܻ⡣
еļƷĵϢҩƷܶôص߻ħ֢״ԵϢΪ¶̫ƽݾڵĽϣкüʮûгֹּƷĵϢҩƷ
еĵϢҩƷƷƷ֮䡣
ƽݾڽһ֮֡УÿΪ߻ħһƷϢҩƷ裬Ƕһơ
Ҷصϸлкüʮ¶ݱãԼƳһԱʱ֮衣һԼʱ˲ӣҲиҩƷáζҩֳɵģõһ¶ݣӰ첻
ҶذͼպãԼǮһʮöҶûл㽡سļʯȥûб̫ϣֻȥ⿴һܹҵʯٺòҲҲûа취顣
ЩרʯˣԸصʯͷ϶ҪϤ֪гʯͷΪҪ޴ĴۣҲ־ڱصá


36 
Ҷسǽֵţһ䡰̡ʯ̵֣ȻŲȥ
ʮֿٿʮˡǽڷĴŵĹ̨̨ȫǴСʯдʯҲгƷ̺õѡ
̴ӣźüѡ塣ΪǮ󣬽ﹺļس︻˼ңƶ
һ̴ӣҶӭЦݡ
λ͹٣Ҫʲôʯ۴̿سϵȵʯ̣ʲôУӲ񣬰񡢺񡢱񡢺񡢻ȵȣʵطǳӲɫ貹ʡǵ̳壬ϣıа֮Ч񻷡εȵȣǳࡣֻҪ˵ĳڣ۵̾õó
̴ӼҶصĴԲ²ܿسǵһŲҩô󻧵ĵӣҵ̴Ҳֻ֪Ҫֽӵ⣬ǳַǳ󷽣̫ƽϼǮ
Ҷ˽ܣ˵ͷÿɷ
Ѿسҵĵʯ̣ǰļʯҲǴ컨׹ֻûаǵʯ˵ϵˡǣûҵҪʯ
Ҷؿ˵Ҫһʯ񶼳һǸԶҲܹĸоõе֪ûʯ
̴һ¡
ʵеҲᱻ֮Ϊ񣬶ǳ֮ΪʯˡĺûҲǷŨ󲿷ֵʯֻмٵɲ顣ֻƷʯſĸоеȻˣʯļ۸Ҳߵףʯ֮׳ۡ
ˣҶҪɫεʯȵٴδҶص̬ȷڿЦҶصݺͲĥ׼ֻ̽ң˴̵ĵ
һʮ꣬׷ߣҲŲæ˳΢ЦҶһֵ
λС磬ĪҪҴ̵֮ɣ´̵ĶңԶɽ֪λСôƺڲҩʲôְλֻҪСܳǮϷ֮С磬ҲǲС
Ҷڲҩʲôְ˾޹ؽҪҪǹǷҪʯֻҪУһܸǮ
ҶضԴΪš
ϵ۹⣬ɱ̴ǿˣһ۱㿴Ҷ·ŵҶʶǴǰ˽ǸҩõĲҩӣǺı֣ڲҩڵݵλͨܵ͡
ҩӲûǮٲҩȥҩжǺЩǮġǲҩõĳЩ˽ĵӣǸͣ¡
ϵΪζĴҶһ£Īǰλ˽ӣĻҲóôǮƷʯ
ϵ뵽˴ͻȻЦҴسҲͷʯ̣Ϸ̵ʯƷʯС⡣ҶС磬룬˵
ҶصǳС
ϵղһۣоܲƺϵͼıζҶԼҲûʲôϵͼġ
ϵҶؽҡ
ǰڷŹ̨Ǳ꾫¸ߵࡣкܶΣ輸ϰڷ裬˽ЪϢһŮ̴ӣԱߵźš
ϵΪҶؽ⼸Ź̨ڵľƷ
ǲǼƷʯҲԶЩȵģ뿴ҶضǷ⡣
ǣҶһҲ⣬оЩʯκεйǵõӥڣڳʱ򣬱оһŨǲʯ
ϵǵΪ⣬ӸҶص̬ȣȷ뷨λҩõӣ϶˽ģӦ÷ǳǮ
ϵŮźҶأԽԱߵһңһСĹųжһľӡ
껹һƷߣҶСһ¡
ľȱСĴ򿪡һİ¶˳һֻСɫףʵشϸ塢󡣺ӵ»Ű޻Էײ
˿ҵĴ̵֮ʮֺҵʦһֱĥεٳδ֣ԻһߡСڹΪ֮Ч߻ħķա
ϵߵ;
ҶдӰḧĿһԼԸоһ˿ֵʯɢа룬Ըܵ磬Ӧһʯ˰ɡ߱ڵʯŨȲˣҲС˺ܶࡣ
ܹڡ̡ҵһҪеľϲ


37 ϵĽ
ҶظŹ⻬İߣһ¡
߶Ǯ
ߣۼʮöҶۡ
ʮöҶô󣿡
֮Ȼһ飬İ񣬿Ƿǳġ
ϵٺЦŶҶأƺ۽ǶЦ
ҶرţжʱĸоסҶзɿһ¡ʮöҶǧöҶҪﶵŵһٶöҶҲһͷѣߵһСǡǿҩǮԼ϶
֮ԸسʯʼۣȫΪԼﻹмʮ꺱¶ݣֵƣһֵòǮܹҵң¶ȥĻӦ㹻ǮֺʯˡȻð¶ݣø¶ݡ
ֻûԤϵ̵֮ȷһ鲻СʯǼ۸ȴߴʮöҶǮԻ¶ݡ
ҶزûӦҪҵҽ¶ȥؿһǷҪ۸񲻷ưߡ
ߣҿŻ⡣ԶҴڻ޷һóôǮϣϵݻЩʱգҪʯ֣ҳﹻǮȡʯ
ϵŮ˳ңȻڲ輸һԵ̴ľ£ͳһ̶ϣһڣ˵˵ֻҪҶСҾСűˡ֮һҲȥһ飬ϰҲ޷һ仰ϷҲ֪ʼٴЦеҶء
ҶûнϵĻͷԼ²⵽ϵƺʲôҪ˵ֻһֱûڶѡϵͷȴѯʡЩϵϺֻ̬ûĻͷ
ϵһСûҶشɵ΢΢Σһ£ԼƵ˵ȥʵҶСҲһҪǮʯֻҪҶСԸĻȫҩġҩƷʲôģһʯ
ҶĿоľһȻվ
û뵽ϵȻ⡣˽ºҩģڲҩãǾԵĴɡ
ҩɼҩģǲ˽Գ۵ģͳһϽɸҩõãõҩĳƷҩҩٰҩĺҩƷϽɸҩҩĵͳһ۸ƽݾڸ߼۳ۡ
ҩΪһҩĺҩƷΪҵƽݵᣬȫǿҩƷı׳ʵȻڲЩ˽½ҩġҩƷΪ
ҩʮ̷֮У˽½ҩĵ̣ڽڱѰʦŵĺ档
˽ºףһ֣ᴦԼ̡ڲҩõ̷ڣʮ֮иߴ˾ŸΪ˽·ҩҩƷƤѪĥġ
Ҷڲҩô꣬ô᲻֪ҩõأ᲻֪ҩóͷЩ˽½׵ĵֶΣжô˵
ڵһӦ뿪̣մκθϵ
ϵϾڿϣ˶еһ̶ٺЦҶС磬ͱװ˰ɣǶ֪ˡһòҩӣۻɶʮֻ꣬ҲôǮߡ˽ҩġҩƷ㻹Ǯ·ӣȻ˶ˣǺú̸ֻ֪֪֪֪Ҫ˵Ķܱ˸֡㵣ʲô
ҶĮվҵſڴڻṳ̂ȥ
Ѿŭ
ΪϵȰ˽ҩĶŭ
Ϊ˽ҩˡ
һССҩѧͽǮȥһ۸񰺹ʯڲҩʮֻҲܡ
ǣ˽ҩĵ飬ܹڶ˵
Բܡ
ԶֻԼһ֪õڶ֪ΪֻԼ㹻ϣű˲˵ȥ
ڵŭһԼĳּù飬ȴ˹컯֮װ׵ĸͱ¶֮ŭ
ҶѾڷɿŸô飬ɲǼһɱ⣬ǺܿͷϵسǾӪʯʱ䳤ãֻ²СóȻɱֻ·ǣ鷳ԽԽĿơ
Ҷزɵİ뵽ԼĽ黹ǲϵһʯ̵ϵ׵İͼơ
ϸһ룬ڵҲȷкܴĿ֮
£һʮҩӣﶥҲһöҶʣСǮһ۵Сû⣬ôֵʮöҶʯ֮
ֻҪһãܿԼںܴ⡣
ϵϳĲҩõĵӣֿ˽ҩĵͼҲԭһѵԺˣ
Ҫģôǰ顣


38 ҩǮ
׵İ취ҩȥͬʱⱩ¶Լݡ
Ҷ뵽ջؼ̤ҵĽţͷϵ˵Цˣ֪ϵкμ̣µԸһ
ϵЦ
ŶҶСҲǵһ顣Ǻú̸̸ɡͬˣϷƽݰ˺ϻسǵҵǾӪʯҩõƷҩĺƷҩƷҲһҽ˱ر֮ҲҰ˺ϻ᲻ϧؽ󹺵Ʒ
ϷҲֻҶС⣬ٲҩõĵӶ˽ҩƷϷ򡣵ȻЩ˵Ϸǲ͸¶ģܶ鷳
ҶСһƷҩңԱϽɸǲҩû㡣СŪƷҩƷôϷ֮áϷļ۸ҲԹسǽ׼ϼǮİٷ֮ʮչҩġҩƷΣ
ϵĿۣҶССĳһ
ҩѧͽҩϽҩģֻܻòҩǮİٷ֮嵽ʮĽҩһЩиٷ֮ʮʮҩʦԼаٷ֮ʮʮҡ
Լ˽ϵĻԵðٷ֮ʮǮȲҩѧͽʮȵϲҩʦˡ
еķҲͬ޴󣬱·һ
ϵسǲٲҩӵ˽⣬ֻҪһ˱֣˳ϵⴺ̣ܱܿǣԼ
ϵ˵ʲôƽݰ˺ϻˡ
Ҷһ䳰
ʲôСᣬǰû˵һСᣬƽݵҩҩ֪˺ϻڽڵ˽ҩģ˵ҩһŭ֮£Ѱ˺ϻˡЩ˺ϻ˽ĵӣҲܴĿܶᱻһˡԸ˺ϻ˽µףǳĲա
Ҷ֪ϵĵϸϵûκġаö⣬̳ƲκθϵֻҪԼûаѱϵҩһ׷鵽ϵҲ޷ΪϵһտڣǣԼϡ
ڴ̵֮ߣ۸񰺹ϵ֮Ӧ޷ȥԼ취ŪЩǮպȫ֮ߣȫŪ֡
϶ң²ᡣߣ˭˭һҩӣǮޣ𡣡˵꣬ҶҲϵȰ˵Ļᣬң첽뿪˴̡
ϵЦͣǸ̶ΪζĿҶ뿪ıӰٺЦСӣװģֻҪҪ񣬳绹ǵҩǮˣϷʲôˣ֪˷ֻࡣ
Ҷ뿪̵ʱɫѺڡسǵֵ˵֯ҹнֵ
ļȥʯֱ̣ӷ˲ҩáŵģȫŪǿߵǮҲԼٶȡ
ԭĴ㣬ֱسǵĽ¶ݣһЩҶȻȥʯ̹ʯġڿȴ㿼ǵĲס
Լ¶ݿĺأΪֵһöҶϡ
Ǵ󲿷ֵĽˣȴδϵ¶ʲô߼ܹۡϳ¶ݵģҲҩ֣¸ҩкĹϵ
Լó׼һһѯʣǷҪ¶ݵĻôҩõ˺ܿͻԼ˽µҩˡ
Ҷϸ˺һͳеǲᡶͼһĿͣҳϡ¶ݡϡһ䷽Խ¶ƳɵϢҩƷ
ڿ׵İ취Ȱ¶Ƴɡ衱ĻȥּƷϢҩǽĺö֪˶࣬ȥҲֱ¶ݸߡ
ҪⱩ¶ԼݲС
ʱҶʮöҶسǵó׼ϣڲͬĵطɢҩƷԼһЩĸҩġ
Ȼسʮһ˼ƫƧ֮أҩ
ΪҩõĲҩӣյҪǲҩҩܣʵóҩҶֻἸֺͨˡζҩƷֹѪɢ嶾ɢ㡱ȵ
С衱䷽ҲҩòһЩڲҩҩ鼮Եӹƣѧҩ¡
ҩ¶ݺʮζҩʲݡɡ㡢ţơӡȵɹɣĥɷĩһı벧УĻСʱҩֵܣˮҩӣܷ⡣ҩҩ衢ܷĵ򣬱Ƴһ裬װ뵤ƿ֮С
տʼ裬ûջ򣬻ʧΣŪŷ衣
ҩĴӣѾɹһöɫҩ裬ҩζƺһķεˬ֮ͷΪ֮һѡ
ҶشϲҩϼصĵɫζһģһһöϢ߻ħļƷϢҩˡ
һ¶ݿƳһ裬ʮ긱ҩҩĳɱߡۼۣ˵ҩѾЩͷûƳּƷϢҩˡ
Ҷ½ö׼ȥȥ۸ôۼ۲ĻٶһЩչʮöҶȻ취Ӵ̰ǿ


39 䱦
һھ£ͷңϰһƴ󿳵Ĵ󺺣سĽֵϣʱĳĽƺѰʲôˡ
öԼòؽʿسǲټ཭Ϊ˱ҵ׷ɱϲ棬Լм
λ󺺲ǱˣҶء
Ҷشһ׺ܳĺھ£һѴ󿳵ϣ󵼱ˣΪһĵ͡ϴ˺üʵ£źĴֲԼԵĿ׳˶ȥǶʮ׳ˡͿһ˱ڵĲҩԼϡ϶̼һڡڿзһöңɳƵͳ
αװǲҩõҰҩıѧ֮ԴǾޱȡ
ҶļСվջƹݵȵй˴죬һֱѰҡ˴̵֮࣬ûҩѰʺϵҡ
Ҫ㼸СһǺǮĽͣеļƷ衣ᱳĽͣҩòŲ׶̲飬˳ϣǣԼĽˣԱصĽﲻϤҲ֮뿪ֻҪԷ뿪سǣպҲԶȫĵ±¶Լݡ
سʹ࣬ǮƵĽﲢ̫ҡ
ֻҶʮֽڷѡĿꡣΪ˼Լ¶Ŀܣֻеһȹ̵˽½ף͹Ľ
سļҾ¥ջ˺üȺƽ׸򰲳ǵĽ͡Щ˼ƽݾǰʮĴͰĵӣȻҩҲȥǣ֮ķ˽ҩǣӦòױҩ׷鵽
磬ҶڽֵԵһ¶ݣЪϢʱȴһƥ׿ʻͨŽ𲭵ĺִʮľɾװ󺺵Ļ֮ʻڣڳվͣЩװ󺺰ͦأоһǵһ֡ʮվһվסпԶԺɲĹ·ߣȻѵء
ǰһ˽˿ģ˴ġ䱦֡һɫĻߣȴӺһüĿ޳İӣһĺױŮӣҲŴʮװ󺺵Ĵӵ£븽һҺջ
¶ڣͨӣˣʱ
䱦ƽݵھŴᣡߣͷŵıǣǸϼĴﰡ
Ĵôôسˣҩﲻǻкö²žٰҩƷʢ𣿡
ֵܣ֪ˡ䱦óָᣬҩ϶䱦ⳡҩƷ״ᡣи׼֡
ҶؽǵĻһֲ©ڶһ
߽ˣ֪ܲƽʮᡣ䱦һҲĽ׶Уֳ䱦һЩϡ
䱦ƽݾڵھŴᣬҩ΢һ㣬ҲĴͰᡣڵӣϲ䱦ԾӡΨһҵռرȻеʲô䱦ס߼šҩ·ֻʼǮֱչƷҩȻҲǵչ֮С
ңЩ˵ĲĻ䱦ӦӦҩǰسҩƷİᡣǸ̵ĺ̨ʲô˺ϻ֮ǿ̫ࡣ
Ҷؿţ䱦ˣӦõѡ䱦һأʱ·ģԼݷǳ
ΪˣҶ䱦ﳤ齵Ŀջ˶죬ѰһᵥӴ䱦ˡ죬سǵİУǰݷλ䱦ĳϣȴûм䱦˴ӿջ
ֱգҶزſ䱦ĳϲŵ˿ջسĴ߶ɢġ
Ҷ̸ȥ
Ǹ䱦ĳϣǸʮͷɫǹһЦ̫ѨͱȻڹΪҶΪȻҲϸоһ˿ѹֻߣ١
ͷҲΪ˼ƺѾҶڸȴŲæسǼй䣬һһ񣬻͵ּ̯ۻۺð졣
ߵһƫƧСӿڣͷͣ£˫֣ʵСӣӲСȻһֱϷһƽݺƽݾʮ꣬Ѿûеɫˡ˵ɣϷк£˵һȻСĽҪȥ
ҶصӰͣͷʮಽ֮ѹѹңкһöңǰǽˣһ󱲵ĸ٣ǰľ飬Ҳܹ²⵽һֱǰΪ¡
˵ǹɵĺšͷһ䱦̵ˣһֻ֡ҪôϷõʲôҪôϷʲôСӣ˵˵Ҫʲôʲô
ǰȻʦǰЩʱ֮߻ħͬŵʦǿѹţ輫ƷϢҩ衯һȥ֪䱦ǷⱦҩۼǶǮԸ߼۹򡣡
Ҷز֪飬ԼԿԱһӣͷ֪ۣۡȻҲµˡ


40 䱦
Ҫ裿
Ƴһüͷƺڻʲôһż˵ϷûмǴĻ䱦ҩѾʮͷûгƽݾڵĽ֮ˣ֪ƽֵһ裬ƽݵһĻưİЯš˵ת裬򲻿ҵڶ衣ǲתøˡ
̳ϣۼǶ٣
䱦ûй̶ۼֻۡһôȻϸϰöҶҲѰʮϰôҲǶʮöҶļ۸񡣡
ƳϴЦҶصеȤ
Ҷضм۴ˣҲͷЦͳһСƿﵹһġ衯֪ԸǮ
ƳϴЦʱȻֹһĴ㵣Сӣ裿
Ҷһ֣ΪǸȷһ裬һҳֻ֡ΪǮԲóȻ̽һ£ǰ¡
ŶѹŶҲĿʾˣԭ䱦Ϸ쵹ǿˡڲһ䵹޷Ϸ򻹱еĻС
ƳҶصĽͣδŭ¶ϲʱʮܹ꣬ٴο䱦˵һ൱顣
Ҷ˦һףСƿڰлһߣ䵽ͷ
䱦䱦⣬ȫƽݽһһȻ䱦䱦˵ҲһֵʮöϰöҶĻѡ䱦ĳϣΪһϰöҶҩ裬Ի
ƳϽӹƿ򿪣浹һɫҩҩɫȻָϸζʮĵͷ
ҩζ൱ĴŨҩ豥㣬ȷһ裬ڼƷϢҩλСֵܣҩôһ
Ƴ˻ѵƿҶءѾҶصһҿˣƺˡ
²䱦أ볤ϴͽ̡
ƾҩ裬СֵѾ䱦ˡϷСֵܽһ䱦Ľ׷ʽɡ䱦ֽ׷ʽ
һίҰѱĴ䱦ȻϽй䱦ֻгȡһСֵӶ𡣱ǮߵͣȫϾ֮䱦Ǯ֧ҡʽҪʱȽϳһЩϾ춼ᣬϷƻÿʮسǾٰһС䱦ᡣСֵʱԣǮĻίķʽѴҩϷ򡣡
أ
һֱӳۣҼŰѻֵĻֱӰѱ䱦Ļ䱦ﵱֱӸǮǮ塣Ǯ϶ҪԶԶļ۸һ䱦ҿ䱦ĳԼı䱦ıȻˣüֵߵıֵ͵ıϾ䱦ɲǴãṩѵƽ۽СֵܣѡίֱӳۣǴҩ轻䱦
Ҷ˼һ£˾
Ժֻλ䱦õĻƳϽ˽µĽף޶ȵԼسǵĲҩãǾԲȥ׷䱦ĳϼġ
ҩҲʦڣһĬĬĵ׷鵽ס
ֻҪ鲻䱦ĳ鲻Լϡ
ڴ̵ǿߣѾȻĻԼҲǮá
һַʽίĺʱ̫ûйȥʮ¡ڶַʽֱӳۣҪĲǮơַʽ䱦õѡ
ΪȱģӵʯڡڶС̣ôһΪ֮䱦ĴᣬӦʯǡ
Ҷö⣺䱦ɡƳϣҩ㻻һʯֻʯǷǳû㹻ǲҪġ
Ƴϳһ£ǳʯ䱦ʯв٣ǲ֪ǷСֵܵҪˡСֵܸȥһ˿ջϷسǣ˲䱦СֵҪƷ
Ҷص˵ͷ
һǰһ뿪С˻Ƴס޵ĺջΪ˱ӣҶϰٲԶȻƳѾ˿ջŽȥ
ջ棬Ѿһ䱦󺺵ţ¶ҵҶأ˶¥һݻͷҶһͷ̸окüĿ⣬Աߵķھע
Ҷ΢΢һ£ܿ䱦ﳤϵס໤ڱţҲǺȻ飬δǳġ
ƳѾڷˡ
һŴ̴ϣڷʮС䱦һѪذס˿ڼס߼šһЩ䷽һЩƿޣԼһЩҶز֪õƷ
Ƴϴмʯ塢ЦϷʱЯļСʯˡСֵܿɡǿУҲԴС䱦ѡһ
ҶĿɨЩʯһеһɫ


41 
ҶǿƴС壬һ
öιӣɫ࣬飬ӦЩݵˡ
ȻҪҪǣܹоöɫ壬̺Ϥʯһ
˿Ǵƽ׸һǽ˵йģ䱦Ĺأǲ·ġЩأˮУˮгһЩӰйԡϷһˮҶСۿ塣
ƳϼҶö壬һ壬Ȼ֡վһλ´󺺣ܿ찴շԸһˮ
ƳЦСֵܽˮУ
ҶԽľ֮УĸȤĿšһСˮеˮѾȫƽˮйȻӳһӰӣӰƺڲϵĻζ
ҶصĵҲɾĿһ
ƳΪԵõĽ֮ͣˮ֮иӰӰζŴ̺кԣǿ󣬱㲻ǷƷй֮ۡö壬һʮöҶȫֵõġ
ҶһòÿҪʯݡһ壬£Ҿ裬ɡ֪ƳǷ塣
ƳҡҡͷصʯһҲǺﻹѰĳڶ
Ҷز΢΢һ˿ʧܿͻָϾҵһʯҲˡԼȥɽҰѰʯֻһҲδܹѰҵһʯ
ƳһԼǮҪҲֻӦõõǮۼǮ嶥ֵʮöҶңԶԶȲһϰöҶļǮ
һʮҶ壬һֵϰöҶ裬۸ߴʮĴƽ𻢻ƽʱһǮ
ƳֵСֵܼȻ壬ϷΪʮöҶСֵˡ裬ϷʮöҶ¡ʮöҶСֵһС䱦߻ֱǮ
Ҷض䱦ûпУװĵƿƳϣȻ󲻿ӻƳϽӹװʮöҶСǮ
Ƴг죬ʽʮöҶʽ׾ô࣬ǲѰ
ƳϾ벻ǣҶеϲԶ֮ϡԱ˵ǿ鼫йͼֵ壬֮ûʲôرôǶ˵ȴõĶ
Ҷعţֳܹʮ꽵¶ݣʹʮ¡ж˺üġҡڶڿ¿ʼˡ
ҶؽУѹһ¶ңƳϣֳʯʲô࣬һպ󻹻óϳԿ
Ƴϳһʲôл裿
Ҷص˵ҿɴû˵ֻһ衣
Ƴжʱп಻ֻһ裬ϰöҶǲ⣬ּĻǮʹµˡ
ϾֻǡϢ߻ħࡱƷҩǡڹࡱļƷʥҩ
ֻĴͰŻһá
СͰᣬʹҩƳƷƷĵϢҩͨͣ඼ʹƷϢҩˣ̫ߵļǮ
Ϊºһ裬ǲˡû뵽ﲢһֻ»в١
ֵ֪ж裿ϷԸһؽ£ƳϿЦմ㣬Ҳбĵ۵ʱĻǰλغе趼£ܿ۸
ôɣҼΪãóЩƷҪĲǮʯƳϵһֻҪʯұ轻
ҶزûƳ֪ԼݣһĪе
壿Ƴƺ뵽ʲô΢΢һɵĿҶءˣƽʲôĵӣ
ðɣ䱦ʯӦûҵֵҪʯϷһЩһö䱦ֻ䱦ǳĿ˲ܳСպֵֻҪϷУʾ䱦κһӣǶܴϷ򡣡
Ƴ뵽ʲôЩͳһöָСӲӵĻƽСƣɫ֮Ѿûǰ˵İ
Ҷؽ䱦뿪ʱ򣬲һ䣺Ƴϣʯ֮⣬ݣ䷽ĻҲһЩʱգһ
Ҷߺ󲻾ãֻһһŮŮ꣬ĿͷƳϵĿͷ
İ꣬ʮֲ˵ʦô䱦ĺˣ䱦ҰҲʮö˵Ĺ򣬿ȥƺʮͨ鸡ҲǸĽͶѡ
ƳɫѾָһĽͣڣ˵Ľ̫ˡ˸ϢΪʦΪ֣ҿǳȻ۵Ϊ䱦һеʲôʮ֣ƽݺΪûĸֻأ
ṦѵܱҵġṦѧڵİʦǺ˸ߵۣȻЩޣ̴󲽳˿ͷҶȥˡ
֣
Ƴɫһ䣬ֹڡ
ﺰסգ۹ڱ˿ջܵĲӰ
ǺŮҲЩ֣ʦǺʦֿһ֡سֲʲô˵ĵطиʦᲢ۵Ķ⽭֣
سӦûУƽݿɾͶˡƽʮȻƣǻûеƽݵĵزǸϢΪʦоŵϢӦ൱ĹֻʵʵΪʦ١Ϊʦ׽䱦ɱѧʦçײһԴ
Ƴϵǵҡͷ
ȥĿ죬Ҳ졣һٷ֮ںڳ˿ջı֪׷Ȼһûռˡ
Ƴʱȴûڣϸѯ׷ٵĹ̺ϸڣеÿһζá˵ֻǺ˵سһƬС֣㲻Ǻ˵Ӱô˦ģʼûŪס
Ƴɫأ˳᷿Ѻ˸ˣԤ֮С
ڷⲽ˳˼֮С
ӵƷ裬ԳĳˣҿڱҪʯݡټءһУϤһη˳ʮ䡣
Ǹʱ䱦Ĵϣֻǰһܳӵʱ浱ʱ䱦ȥݼƽһصļ塭


42 ɫ
سǣϵһ֡
Ҷվһôĺ棬üһӳ˿ջһֱڸİꡣǰСֺת˺þãʼûҵڣйƵһôһƣ뿪ԶسǶȥ
ҶŴ߳
˵ʵṦ൱ĳɫ
ƬСڣпεṦǲġҶصĶ׵ĲڵϿ֦Ҷ΢𶯣һ˿΢紵ҲסٸоҪ˵˵Ĳ̤
ǰÿһ
ƬȻ󣬵Ҳ꣬ǰֻûͷӬһϹתơ
ҶزûʩչʲôṦֻڰ귢֮ǰƮȻһתƵһı󣬰
ҷɱ˺һоҶغȫʧһҲκټֻܰյķȻ뿪
ҶǿñһƵĴǰ
ü
ǿôϣһĽӡɢŵսƤζ˵ĳҸڼҹȻѾ൱ĵز
ṦڹԶǰĶ֡
Ψһƾ̵ģǳٶȺĸй١ڰ֮ǰжϳһȳ֡棬ռ˱ˡ
Դ˭ʤ˭˵˲֪
Ҷزɰ⣬ԼȱֶΣΪǵһЩĸȱ㹻ʵԱ뾡ѡȥС
ˡҡĵһ㣬ڶѾԸЩνһˡֻҪ˵ڶ㣬㣬㹻İգĽ֣Ҳ˿塣㾳磬ƽȥã
뵽ǰäͷӬһתޱй뿪ΣеЦʱһ֤൱
Ҷش䲼ͳ壬еĿһۣȻתɿ쳯ԶĻ뱼ȥһЩߵĻҰߣҪһ徲˵ĵط⼸ͣ
ҶشʱûвǣнյʱһЩ죬ƺйɼ䵭ӰڲϵײҪڳ
ҶطسʮһƬʯ֣һʯʯѨڣϥ¡
ʯ¶ڼС˴ʯ·Ҳ޷ˣǰЩջ˴ʱžѡǱ֮ء
Ҳûж룬Ĭʶе壬Ѩϸ֮Сʶһ˲Ϣʧ

޾գϸ
һöڸƾճ֣ǹҵĳײͼ
һ±ѿΪƬһĴָСĻɫ𡣰ĳģһɼԹ޺ͱϢ
Ϸڴʮˣʮ꣬Ϸһӵĵͽߣ첻Ҳ
ɫд£žٶһ󴮵䣬ɫܣֳһЩƹӲӵطţƺʩչʲô
Ĺʮ꣬޷ԪϵɢȲҪһˡڴһȲʩչ׼ǡ
ǣԼڵĵطʱͻȻסˡ
һԲǻɫʯĹͺͺĵ졣֮УԶޱ޼ʶĻɫͷ
⣬ʲôط
ǸӵĺСأȥ
ɫڰд˺һ
˶ˣ˭ʩչ󷨣
תһӣſ˸һʯʯԱ߻һԣ˼ʮɫСݡԱ߼СɫʯһСɫʯ
˿̵ĿȫûзԺʯϣǼǿʯΪǴʯԶƯһСİɫ
ɫɴϲ
ͬĴָСɫԱ˺üѾһ൱Ļɫɫ򲻹ǸոγɲöѣǳϡΣӦǸոսڵڶԪ񣬱ĲϵԪɲ̫Զˡ
ɫ̳ǴʯȥҪǰɫ򡣾ûǺСǷһСԪҲٿһСԪһԪ
ԪϣҶش͵Ŀղ屬ըĹ쳡棬ſһĴָСɷĻɫһȻڰצĴУ˵ʲô֮Ķ
Ҷصðһ˿⡣
ͻȻʶﾹȻһһĹ򡣻Ӧ˵Լͬ࣬ȴǷǳ׺ͬ࣬ҿȥҪǿϺü
ǿͬǰܵĸеη塣
ǻɫһǿҵɱڵĳڵĵطˡ
ҶĿⶸȻ


43 

֨
ɫ͵سҶسײ˹
ҶزûҪܡֻǣܵͷûʱѾ򿿵̫ˣʮɶѣһգ۵ת˲ͱɫ͵ײϡ
ɫѿͣ͵سҶصԪ˺ҧҪ̵Ҷء
ҶرҧһڣʹѷΣҽһ׺ҲҧңҾͲҧôҰҧ㲻ɡ
Ҷزʾ˺ҧƹҧһɫԪ̽ȥѻɫʹҧ֨֨лһѱһᡣ
ͬĴָСֻǻƹһЩ׹һЩѡǵȻҲͬĴһֻܿҧԷͬСһСԪ񣬴ԼԪĶʮ֮һҡ
ȶԣҶػռ˱ˡƹҧһڣµһ鵭ԪҧƹһڣµȴһŨԪ
ҧҧȥȻԪʹ˺ѷΣҶصĹâʼǣڶĿ㡣ƹ򷴶һ֣Ĳ㼱㣬½ʵ
ҧ¶ԷԪһģȥĻյĽԪһģһС˭Ҳ̲˭
ƹС׹׺̶ȣȻ˿ֱȵӸͷ۵ĸоȻҲ̵סһƿޱȡ
Ĳ㣬⸡Ĳ㡣⻹
ˡ
ƹ͵ҶһţҶظ߿ŭĴ
Сӣ蹷һҧҸʲôϷΪϷԪ
Ƿ蹷ҧҵġ

ƹһǿϷҧ㣬Ϸ㡭Ϊһ塣ˣ˵Ҳ˵סԹԵվű𶯣Ϸ㡣
Ҷػǵһǿʶǿ߼ȻҪԹվűҧʱŭôվҧҿ㲻ȥһͷײˣһЩ
ɫԶʱŭޣ˭ǻϷԣƽϼ֮ǴϵԪȻǴɫһǸ򣬾ȻľˮһȱһոڶССߣҲҳԼϷ򣬸Ϸԣ
ΪҧϷûκ𣿸¸¡Ҳ̫СϷƽݺʮ꣬δһ֡ϷһСޣʲôĲĸ֡Ȼ㾴ƲԳԷƣԸԪϷϷ𡣡
ɫЦƮʮԶȻʼһֿ
Լ֮䣬һöССĻеĳ˻ɫԱԶ治ϵԾȺˡ
ɫΪöȻ˲ٵԪȻһЩǼ۳ɹɫǳ˷ܣЦ
Сӣ֪ʲô𣿴˻޼᲻ﲻգմһҪոɾԼվϷ£ϷԶͬڣ߻Ϸһʹ죿
ҶرƹŴͣһǿҲĸо
֪öôģȴʮĸоöССɢȵĻ£̺ŵĿЩһĿֲմһֻ¶ܲˡ
Ҷؼæ򸽽ıԪȥһͷ˹ڡľ飬ĵط籾ԪĹڰȫ٣żڸܱ֣߳ȴûнʯĹ֮ڡ㱡ĹȦ֣ܲܵסöûκεİա
ɫҶͻȻ˴ʯĹڶ΢΢һ¡翴ʯˣȴ֪ʯʲôġ
ûмͷŻ򣬱ϾҪѰ׹ˣòһ˿Ԫ׽ס׹򣬻׽סΪáƮϣһš־һĽŸĵ
ƹʱɻ󣺡Ƿ֣ȥģġ
͵ĳײĹ֡ͨɫצѽһʯĹֵɣڰձ˼ͷ߻أҡҡλεƯڰС
ɫˣŭ͵ֳ˹ȥÿһεĳײݺݵĵ˿ԽͣԽĳײǹָûдκӰ졣
ҶضڹȦڵģ׺Ļɫ˹Ȧ֣ʱ򷴶һһңⱾԪ񱮵Ĺ֣ܱ׽ͬҲǲ֪ܲܵסǹĻˡ
ʲôСӣӹΪⶫܹסСԼӸһʹ죬ñһˣ
Ҷڹ޶ԣҲԼˡҪһŹֻŻŶûС
ɫɭɭĺһٶ˵ϻ̽öڰеĻǴʯĹ֣ҪѱĹָը
Ȼ֡
ӴֵɲǼ䣬ըѿ䡪
ͻ
⵽֮ҵı۵ҹâ
ԭɴСĹ֣ΪɴСըѿĻ涼ų⵽Զ

ɫ򿿹ֺܽ⧲͵Ĺָײϣһ͵ر˸޾֮УΪһâʧˡңңİСӡţϷԻģ
ҶشĿǰľ䡣
ǻɫ򣬱ָҷˣ
Ƿɵ޾ȥˣҲ֪ᱻԶĵطȥ
Ĺ˹ֵԶûԤϵĽ
ҶԭԻɫĿֲĴ澪ɡ
Żɫ򱻵޾УҲͬ
ñеף˵ǵĲΪĸ֣ܶ࣬Ҳġ׿ɱĻ̫ˣ˱Թҡ


44 겻ɢ
û˻ɫвҶڰ¶ݣʼö壬ڻƹʱѾըѳʯƬɢڵϡʯƬе˿δ٣ɿ¶ݡ
ҶʰһЩƬǶ֮С
Щңʮ¶ͷŻʱ˳֮꣬кüմ˻ѿĻ棬ճ˻ҽ
ҶΪ⼸޹¶ݣаϧǿ㹻һõĲҩװ˷ˡ
ƬϣԵ¶ݿʼеۿɼѸٿʮ¶ݣڼ̵ʱڿһֱЩƬȫչ⣬ֹͣʮ¶ݣҲת۱˰˾ʮ֮ࡣ
ҶʶеһƳϸʵ֮УֱʳãĿ¶ݵԴԴϵתΪԪȻԪ̷
޾ա
Ҳ֪˶ãһɫĹâңԶʣٶȳӶ
ֻ
һХ
Ǽգ۵Ĺ򣬻ɫڸϿա
ڸʰȡâҶضʱһ
ҶԭδȥطĻɫвըˡôû޾ʧˡҪľԼ޷ĵ
ǻɫ򱻵һΣѾǰҪ࣬ްģƺ˲ٵԪҶصİ׹âò˶١
ɭЦţƮڸϿգû̫ҶءҲЩηСӵķ񾢣ҪǱҧϣǸ鷳ǱһΪá
ȻҪɵҶأΨá֮ķС
ֻǣҪһʱ䣬Լʱ䡣һʱ䣬㹻Ҷطɽ֮ڣлҲ޿κΡҪͳõάֻǺԪġ
Сӣ⻤ͦİȻϷĻ˿壬ϷײˣϧˣϷ򿴳ˣվҲֻһѣûа㹥ϷǰвҲûСϷϰ֮⣬ϷҲգ۾ͻСӣϷ˵˵ʯʲôñϷݺƽʮ꣬ǵһμֵĶĪһ
ɫʯڹȦϣ۾ơʯһЩ׾ּȴһҲϵãơԽеϡ棬ʯѰı
ǿĹֶҲ⻤֣ǰγԣѧ˹ԣҲǹȦ֣⵽ֵķ
Ļ๥Ҳ޷ֻķûҪǿʩչĻĵȫԪһѾɥʧԪ񣬵òκεԪ䣬ÿʩչһηԪԪĽߵʱԪҲɢˡ
Ȼ֣Ҳװ˷ԼԪֻҪ⻤ҲᴥκηſڹȦϣơ
ҶҲûȥڴҶ㣬һҧҧȥʹҪ˭Ҳռʲôˡɲȥһء
κβҶأҶʧȥ£ʼ´ɻĿŸգʮ˿Ĺߡ
Щ棬ƮȥץЩߣʲôץסһ˿âʱԭĹâȻһ㣬ָһ˿Ԫ
ɵĻ𣬾Ȼš
⡫ô£ûǸ޷ԪģΪʲôϷûȻҲԪҲ̫˼ˣϷû˵ţΥʧȥԪ޷ĳ﾿ʲôط棿
ʧУȵԼһĹ壬ϲļ޷֡ϲķ֣Ҳû˼᱾ԪڵҶأǷȥ׷Щâ
ãϵİâһ⣬ҲԭްָһЩԪ
סڣЩâҵģ
ҶֱðŭĻ𻨣ֱѻ˺ˡâȻˡâǻ˰ԼٶȻ
Ҷ˿˲ʹˣ͵سƹ˹ȥ
֨
ƹҶغݺҧһڣҽһʹҪĿбһ˵âʾ͵ŴͳҶҧȥϷҧ㡣

֨

֨
Ҳ֪˶ãڵսֹͣԪڸϣʹûа˺ҧ˵ûˡ
ˣǳƽˣҲֲΪ˭˭͡
ȻʹȴûģƯȥԸеİâʵ̲סҪȥЩâζ
Ҷûֹȥʣµʮ˿âԳ˶٣ҧ˭˭
˸еʮ˿â֮ãһ¾δÿһʯ϶ÿһ䣬ѰŰâҳİâﻹһ߶ЩСأҲ̫˰ɡЩСһǴðģϷʱ򣬿û


45 ˶٣³
Ǹ˼ȥˡҸұ֤Ҳ⵺ҳһ˿âҲǳǾԲġ
Ҷؼ̰ѰҸâɳԼ
ԵĺʱҶظƻˣŭСӣǻĽиͣϷƽϼ֮ԣĲĸ֡㡣һССڶ㣬ҲСޣҲҿڳϷԣɷϷҲ
ôҹʲôĲ㣬طɲ㡣Ҷֻߣ˿ԡҪܣҪܹȥ˭κε˭
Ѱ죬ҲѰâֻܰյƮҶιСӣѿ֮ǿаâʲôطϷϷһȫʬ
ҶڲҩմȾĽҲӿЦбɱүүҪɱңģ¾Ҫɱˣӣ³үүļͷ
̣üë۾һĲ㣬Ԫ񣬾Ȼһʱ֮ǰڶĵͽԪ䳰Ц޿̡
Ϸ򣡡
ԲóɱﵡŸʩչҶصԪһ˱Ԫ񱮵Ĺڣ
ˣɢ˻ſڹϣ۾ָҶأƿڴСӣ㹻ɵģ֪ڹ治ϷҵᣬϷһҪңԪɢԶʧŲţ
ҶߣбûҲ򰡡ҪɵңⱾ´ƹ˵ûⱾ±ǺڡҿʵҲôˣʹǻ򣬾ʲô
˵ʲôˣôҲܵطģâðģ
У˵ǻʲô
ðɣϷõɼҷֵ˵ˡ
˸Ź֣ڿϽϾ
ҶȴԼ뷨
ɫһϵͬ࣬ɫ˵һЩ󷨡ڡ֮ģе澪ޱȡ
ͬʱҲܣҿԼδǰ;һǡӻɫĿڷ׳һЩǰδŵĶ
Ҫ֪Ҷǰһ˶ǱޡԼ֪Լƺ̤ĳصδ֪磬δ֪ȴһĨڣһ֪
һʮĸ֣һжеʮ棬ȻûĿж˽һЩĶ֪Լδ·ͨη

Ҷװɵ㶣ڲ˵İâǴġҲ⸡ʲôطҲǰģһֱǰâҵָӣǳǳ㲻԰âңҰ˵һģˡ
ϼ޻Ҷز֪ḻٱҶصĻҪһĴ֣ȥһǰڶĺ󱲣ǸЦֻǰâջ̫ȻЩҶصĻȴУԸޡ
СӣЩâٳ֣Ϸ˵ĶġܣߣϷ㡣
ãҿٳ㲻ȥǡЩâҵģֻܳԣ㲻ܳԡ
ãһΪϷǱˡ
ȷġ
ߣȻŲϷ򡣺ãϷǣϷӾܹ˰ɣԻζһЩâζͣſڷһ綾ޱȵԡ
Ҷ˶ģŷʶƵ硣ʼ˼졣ôϸȻһڣÿǱȥֹ
ܿ죬ڣһ˿һ˿İâٴγˡ
Ծȣϲ㳯Щâ˹ȥʲôģȫԺ
Ҷ˿â֮ʶصڵԪϣ̱Բضģ׷ɰâɫʱ࣬쳣ѿ
Ѿ˸ϸոճֵļ˿âûˣȴУôûâˣһ㣬һ㡣죬죡
Ҷغݺݵĵ͵Ұâһ᲻ú
ҶݺݵĻɵȻȻЦĳСӣѵ֪ϷǻΪϷڶʮǰѾúˣ٣ֻһԪ»ƮҪϷԪҼĴһ֮У˷ɷֻ֮Ҳˡ㾹ȻҲúЦϷˣѵϷ򻹵õɣ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ죬͵ĳ֣ݺݵĳ˹ȥŭӹǹӶ٣³һ˿٣
ֲҶظݺݵҧһڣʹĵһҲҧһһԪڸڷ˺ҧԭʼķʽϸڵİȨ
ذضɽҡֻûзɵȥѪսˡ
Ҷڿŭ֮ʣɱһǡ̫ܵԶ뿪˸һʩչֲķԼʱӻʯĹڣսʼնڸϡ


46 ߺ
ûʱϸڣҲ֪˶ٳͣͣٴܲʹʱ򣬱óŻҶءҶʵܲʹʱԪһ㣬Ϣһս١
Ҷɶ־໽УСһ
ԶҶصĺݾ¡ֻʱԹһЩ࣬峤ŹˣܾûгԹĿͷԪҧҧȥҶҪĲۣӲԵģͷ۵úܡ
Ҷغ޵ҧгݣȻܰϹҧ۵֨֨УȴʼոɲϹκǿķֻǿűϹԿѡ
ϹƱԪ񱮵Ĺ֣Ȼзȴͬ޿κΡ
ģ˷򶷣Լʹޱ֮⣬ûκκôˡ
Ҷزٷý¶â϶һϹòôϹҲٵõôԼԪȥϹɡ
춼߶ţ԰â԰âȴ޷ҶŪâļ١ȷҶصȷܹЩصİâŭּʣޱȣȴ˿ûа취
ҶرĿԣᡣ
ԼڰзȥٰȰϧүү̣˵˺û
ûκЧ
ҶҪĲǺûҪǺôҪâѻ̻˵
Ծˡ
ڸƯƯ
Ϲʮû˵ò˵ˣʵڱﲻס̲סʼ˵Ҷ˵ߵ飬˵ļϼ壬˵ƽݵİᣬԼĵļį
ҶֻĬĬţҲ
ϹĿУҶؽһЩڵʶ
磬ߺ֮
ߺߣȫ£ȻͬһƬ½̫ͨĽʡ
ߣڼ׽֮дϹ֮Ϊ׷ˡͨ齨ᣬհڣڣ׳жһɾ书Ϊ׷
ߣɼԪʼֵɢޣɢȢӵɹڼԱڲഫö֮γɼ塣
Ϊ׷꣬ᵤ𻯷ĳ֮ԣɼͨǱޣڽеٲ룬ֻҪʱ򣬲Ż׷˽ϵ
֮ˣҪСӵһܹ̤֮·ģ֮١
ǸСڸݿɼ˿٣ٵĽһˣҲʮˡǵʵȴ쳣ǿ
һڳ׵һ㵽ߣֻҪյͽ׵ķӽеľ֡ҪǳһĲ㵽н׵ߣǿɱݿߡڸ߽߲㵽Ųߣм׷֣Ǻܵ۵顣
Ȼߡɼߡ֮䲻ɱֻǧ˿Ƶϵ
ΪߵУҪľĲƸʯݡΪЩݺʯɢķֲɽ֮УǳѰҡ
ʱ䶼ӲﻹԸĴʱȥɽˮѰֻĻװᣬӴ֣֮ǧƵȥѰЩɽеϡʯ
߾ܶɺ߱ϵ
ϼ壬ƽݾڵһɼ壬ڳ߱ˣδһˡһʢɼ壬ƽĵĻƽʮᡣ
ϼҲƽݣȴδжǿ
Ϊϼ峤ӵкĵһϵٶȷǳ죬ʮ׳̤˵ľ磬Ϊϼʷʵ׳峤
̤֮Ұļͣϼ򸽽Ķţͼϼĵ̣øʯľԴ
Ƿϼĵ̣ʵϼʵࡣԾ벻Щȴͬһɸ֣Ѿľ磬ԶϼҪǿ
Աϼ峤ɱֻʣԪ˳ΪڵһµڵĲ㣬ҽӡһУűסԪɢ˹ꡣ
ϼԱӵӡ
д˶ʮ꣬ԪԪϵɢΪµٹһ꣬ԱҪڵȥ
ʱʮ֮ϼڻ治ڣԼҲŪֻ˷ҵĶ֡˵ЩµʱҲû̫Ĺ˼ɡ


47 Эͽ
ѹԸҷӾĶģĺ޹˼ɣԭϼҶ뱻ˡҶа⣬ɣ˽һˡ
˵˵ţ֪ʲôʱȴʼ
ŴʯԶһСƬ¶ݷ
⸡ôˣæ׷ҧҶأæ׷ЩâæűҶ׷ҧһСԡֱĵ˵¿ע⵽ŴѴѵӯӯС̲ݣݲͨķݡ
¶ݣһݣáôôࣿϼҩ԰Ҳʮѡ⽵¶ȻǵͼݣȴֵĺܣҪ淽ʮŻ쿪һСƬ¶ݶֻ꣬ϰܳһƬ
ԣðΣڣһͷˮ
ֿܿԱߵļСɫСʯ顢һСɫʯ裬ٴ΢΢һʯ衣ʯڽ¶ݵЧѹЩ¶ݵĳôá
ҶͻȻڣϹ¶ݣн¶ݡһᡶͼⷽļأ¶졮衯ǼƷĵϢҩרŵϢ˵߻ħ
Сӣ㲻װأֻЩ˿׷Ż֮Ϊ¶ݡʲô裬ʲôмƷϢҩǷ˲ʶݣʹöѣרݣ˷ȥ𣿸Ӳİٷ֮һЧá
߶ǽ֮Ϊ¶ݣƽ¶ֵҩڳ׵һ㵽㾳磬ǿԪƷ鵤һŸոսڵڶСޣҲϷǰŪѧʶߣȡ裡
ԵĴЦϰ죬òײյҶ˵̴
Ҷشһ£һ죬Цɷڨڨı͡ϣνɵĶȷһ֪ԶԶȲʮϹ
СӣǴôĺܣҪǹ⿿ԼֻһҲ޷Ĳ㡣ֻҪðâٳϷǿΪͽɡðİâһָϷ򡣡
ҶһͣҵΣҲҪۡ˵Ҹ㲻죬ΪʦҲѣʲôʸʦ
εĴЦ㣬ôһۣɽǰ˵ô𣿡
һвͨķӡ
ˣ㲻Ը⵱ϷͽܣϷҲǿκβϷϷҲκ㲻áֻǶطҪЩźáʦˣԪЩϷϷ㷨ǽ˰ɣ
Ҷ˼
Ϲɵһ׷ǳϤӦöòٵͷ
Լһ֣֮·һƬãȻ
ƾڵʵֶΣʵ벻ʲô취ԸɵϹǿ˺ҧǾеġϹҲһſڣҧʵۡ
ǣܹϹеĻǸֲĻһɵϹ
ҶضϹǿķʮĽ
һϹһֱϸڽֶţҶصкǿҵĽȸСֻҪһâϹҪҲҪâ

ȥվǰ취
ϹҪ󽻻Կǡ
ҶؿЩƽϹԡȰѻڸңҲܰһְâø㣬һ̸
ڰƮţЦСӣѧȻԸϷϷȰ㻹ǳİɡϷıܴڸ㣿ڹʯܲضͲضʡϷһʱɱˡ
Ϲϻ㻻ǲ
޴ĹԷСӵİâʵ̫ΣˡСӿڹﰲȫ˯ϷûطԶ㡣˵һ񣬱ҪСӸϷǽԼ޴˵ʲôϷӢ֮ôɡ
ԺɵһھܾҶصҪ
ԷϷ򲻿ܴڸ㣬ԵķǿԿǣϷüĸԷ㽻â벻Ҫ
ҶسĬԵĿۣûбʾܣҲûбʾܾ
ٴγȥ
ҶصãҲûеȵٴοڡ
дĦţԷӦԵĵˣϹǾùԷԪǸûʲô
ԼȻϹѧԷѧ͵ķҲܱʲôҪǿࡣ


48 Ŀ
ðɣ͸ԷϹ˵һ˵㶼ʲôԷ
ٺ٣СӣϷܰԼļҵȫϷֻͼҲʵõĻĿ
ԼթЦЦȻеҪðâҲԶҶػ̲סҪѧķЩ
ʲôģ
Ŀۺ෨ʩչ۾ϣĿܹ֮۲쵽Ũߵķַֻļ͵ķ෨һ֣ڷϵʩչ֮Ϊһ壬𽥼ᣬֱһٶ顣֮ͨ󣬿ĲݷһԾʮɣϰԶҲ׾ٵ顣
Ṧô
ṦܸɼҷᲢҪᣬϷĶ䡣һ㡢ʺѧĻŸոսڵڶ㣬ߵķϷ˵ˣҲδʩչѧʺϲˡ
Ҷа⣬ԼǰѰʯȫоȥӦǷǳľ룬ҲδظӦ׼ȷʮֲ㡣Ŀɹ۲ŨʵõĻ԰ϲСæ
Ȼ޷սգ۹ܹܳʮɵĻǷǳľˣӦ÷ǳ
մЭ÷ȡҶصİâ
һҲүүֲ̣һ˿ԪҶҲΪһֵİâԣԿ
ֻһٰâϣ˻ִ
ԼᷨʨӴ󿪿ڣҪһȡ㹻ڵĲԪҶϴӦǿһʾԪ
ҶعԼҡĵһ㾳磬ꡣԽߵľ磬ҪԪǱǡڵڶҪԪڵһһڵĲԪڵһıԽߣԽ
ҶȻ֣Ҳ֮ѣֿ
Ϲʮİâһķʮ졣ٶ򲻿ܡľ巽ʽǣҰѸÿһâָ㣬ʮ֮󽻻ֹҪİâķ
Բʵ⵺ÿֵİâǶ٣ѵʲôƲɣ
ҶССĽһ£Ȼƣô˰֮ãڵһ㡣ڵİâѾˣһ¾ڵһҪԪ
ʲôһ¾㹻ڵһԪ뵱Ϸһʱ򣬿㻨ʱ䣬Ϸ⻹ǵһһⱦؾȻô죿
𾪵ʧʵļҪˣɺĵҶأƺ޲һҶأȻҲһܰâ϶ܹ֮ͻнףڸ߽ס
Ȼ϶εʱһ¡
ҪҶأˣõȵ
ãϷöͽ׵ĻԸʮİâҲ㹫ƽ
ʮˬİĿķﴫڸҶأҶص̬Ҳ漴ʼҶϵ
СӣϷҲˡϷȻɱ㣬պԻȥѰϷ֮ǰȽİâһΪڵ塢֮ȻҰ취뿪طٴٺ٣ֻҪϷϷȻĺôô˵ϷҲϼ峤ʮ飬ǲǡ
ͻȻ飬Ҷмӡ
ԳպҪһ뿪
ҶطЦϹѵΪԼҵĺ԰߱ߣûŪϸʲôط
ҪϹųȥˣҵӵжƾϹĿֲʵܻ
Ϲ֮ǰǶ˲ʩչ󷨡ͨǲܶģΪͨ˸޷ǿԪ֮ԱϹ˶ʮ꣬ҲΪûҵʺϵһֱûжᡣ
ҶظϹ뿪ϸ
ϹϸڣȻһΣաٰϹƬ֮ڡϹ뿪Ϲκοƣֻ¸Σ
Ҷػû̸԰âҪ֤һǷЧУϹʵڲġ
Ը¸ЦЦŷԶˣԶԶ
Сӣ֤ɣϷ򵽸ȥ䣬ֵΧЩʲô˵Ϸãҵʲô


49 
سʮʯ֣ʯѨڡ
ҶȻ۾Ȼ³һڵչЩ࣬ЩЦˣⴿһɵġ
ϣⷢ
ҶƬʯ죬ŽⴳϸڵԪԸסϹС鷳ҲⱩһΪסֻҪϸַ졣
ʯѨЩƣҶؽԼ\װңɲҩòҩѧͽŴӾʯѨ˳ʯָһСϪԣϡͿĨαװҩϴָԭĿ
ϪˮͷΪ֮һѣ˼ҲԽ侲
ڱȥû뵽ԸϹİ취֮ǰܺϹ׷Ϲ֪ڵĸʲôطҲ֪Ѿϸˡ
ܼһҵ취ԸϹ
ҶػһϹڸĿķ
Ϲ˵ĿͼķҲյżһַõСɡؼ֮ڣһ˿΢ķΪĤȻ۾ͨ㷨Ĥ۲ΡĤ̫̫У̫ʲô̫ˣӰĿЧ
۲㷨Ĥ֮ôľ󲿷ֵﶼֻɢߵķŨ̶ȣ͸Ĥ۾
Ҷؿʼȥһ˿΢ҶصĲ£˫Ŀ
ϣҶһƬڵ״̬ʲôʱһܿ²⵽ôһ£ܿʹõķ̫ർ۾ڵס
̰ٷ˺һڿ˵֡ȻɼҷأҶصѾȫһ
ҶطȥΪĵ֮ڣ谵֣ʯأϪֻܿǵһûκɫʡ
Ҷֿ˿Լ壬ڵȴһ˿˿İɫڻȻӦþνķˡ
Ҷؼ۲ķϡֱʧؿʼһлֵָĴд䣬صƣϪ峺ãÿһݣһƬҶֺ֡ĿȷмЧԼԺѰ׺ܶࡣ
ϴϣҶزϪ߾ôسǣרƫƧ˵ĵطܣͬʱһĬķ
ѶȱĿҪ߳ࡣ
ҶĬ˷䵽£ζʱ֮ҵоƺмԼĽŵ£һֲ̤סˡ硱оָоֻ¸ƤУЩ֮ͬ
ƽʱ󲽱ܵĻһԶɷڽŵ£ɡ衱һԶһ
ʮ΢ĸоҶظеޱȣЩϰߡ
Ϊµ⼸Ʒľǳͣգ΢ûպãʧػһߡһһǳλΣ˾Ƶһ㡣
ûгڵϰֻǺպеƽġҶҲ̾ĳԣŽµļľ
ֳķơϣҲֱͬ硱ЧܹһЩ˿˼Ķ
һʱıܹȥҶؽζ˽ơ硱;һڵ£Чһƣ𵽼ٵЧһ赲ǰ棬𵽼ٵЧһ絲ڲ棬ǿиı䷽Ч
⼸֮ҶصĿӣãƮܵκһŲƶ
֮ȭȵٶٴαǣܹ˲Ϣ֮ʮơ
ļ֮£ٶȸԵЩֲܹﵽƿյЧʮȭĻȥ֮󣬲ȭͷſļ񾢷ٶȣѾ˾׵ĵز
ҶؼԿ϶Ṧ֪Ҫöٱ٣СġݡǾûЧСṦڿһԾɶԶȱ㹻ı仯ƶĹ켣ǳԣױǰ׽ĵһĹ켣ǺѲ׽ġ
ң⻹ŸտʼѣޱȣɱЧ仯ֻ»ӵĳɫԡ
ɫƻ裬ЩˣҶذ⣬ԼѾһûлسǣҲûȥ
ʶ˷ڽһ·ɱ뿪᫲ƽɽأ˿ϣ
سǵ·ΪæʱнͣŮԦƥɱһ·ҳƽسǳسˣҲԵ
ҶŰյ蹦򣬱㿴ʮǰ۾ĿڲϵųԵҶأ˿á
ϣʱĿɨЩɱĽͺƵµĲ鿴ǷЯеĻʱ䵱һ·ٵɽҲҪϧⶫĽҲδӵУҶһ·Ϲ۲ʮˣûκξϲķ֡
ͻȻҶصĶ΢΢һһһƬƫƧ֣һЩžžײ򶷺źƺдȺĽ򶷡


50 ͬе
ЩʲôڶƬڴ򶷣
Ѱɱǽٲƶᱦ
Ҷͣ½ŲЩ档
ҩãѾ֮ãҲǰˡɽҩûسԽѰȺŹеȴûмٴΣ˵ֱӲ롣
ҶصΪͨĽ˶ɶвһ˼ȥʶһǡ˵СĽе
һ㣬ݳַɱȥ
˶һƬ֣һƽݵءȺ˸վݵһߣĶš
һȺŮʮˣ֮ɫһСȺǰŮԼֻһʮˣʮ㡣
ĵصм䣬ڼҵеɱһ顣
ȺΪ˺ˣżּá
ҶؼǰһȺŶ˵ϤޱࡢɫŮ΢΢һ
Щ˲ǱˣǲҩõòҩӺҩӣҶʮ굽ʮ֮ѧͽûСͯӡ
Ҷвһɻĸоǿֵģû뾹ȻײԼڴ򶷡
õм䣬һɡ־һЩƽʱǳԾسƽΪסӨǮҲվõӵм䣬ŭĵЩõӡ
õУȴسǸ˼ҳļӣ񰲡ܻΪףǵϵس̡̣Ȼͬǵ͵ȵƽݣǮ¡ѧձõӸ࣬ҲǿһЩƽʱȻʮ㣬Ʋõĵӡ
Ҷؿݵ˫Ⱥŵ֮Ҳ˹ôһ¡ӣⳡ˽ӦΪǰЩӨŮӣõĵӵϷġ
ҩõ֮໥ӺͳͻѾãͲ顣ִֻˣõĵȺߣҲôõǰ
ڱȶꡣ
õǸʹһѴ󿳵ʽ򵥣󿪴ϣÿһ𡰺ĵ硣̸ֻȣ࣬Ȳ㡣ʽʩչĳȥȴղסڵء
ɳһݵ꣬ʹһֽ·ߣеꡣɵĽУȫԿִ󿪴ϵĵɫ֮ȴηǿʽһСˣҿ·磬ǿưĿ񵶸ѹס
ҶûѧҲǵʽʲô֮
Ψһģ˵嶯ЩӲȱ㹻ˮƽǶ֡ʵʹĵʽʵһ©һܡ
Ҷڵʵ˵ıеСûʲôֻһСʵڿʲôζʧ¡
۵գõδرȵõӡϾõϰյʱ࣬Ǯ߼书š
ʵսõӵĳҰҩȥɱ׺̶ȾõܱȵģҪõĵϧԸӲƴֻſ߳ȡʤɱ³ɡȺŹĻõӵǾԴЩõӿ޵
ԲǵȺ붼õʤҶزõӻԿҲûдⳡе
Ҷţǲڱ뿪ͷϵңͻȻһ΢硣һ̧ͷϿȥһʮϤӰ
ֻïܵĴϣСֻһһ֦ϣȵĵҶء
ʦ֣ҲŸʩչṦԾһţôͷˣ
СٸȤŴСֵ˵ʦ֣⼸ȥҵҶûҵ㡣ǰЩ컹˵ҪΪӨ𣬽Ӱûţ̫ˡ
Ҷص˵⼸سܱߵ˹䣬æЩ飬˵ʱ䡣˵õôˣһҲ࣬һҲ١ʹʦֶټô˹һӨ˳𣿶ˣⳡȶôһȷܴʤ𣿡
СҲû룬üɫ˵ⳡȶ飺ǸõйԼҪʮΪʤһҪˣһ¹ͷ֤ԺҲơϧʦûƼõѾõȺǽȶ˺üʮѾӮʮǲӮʮһӮˣʮĳˡõѾɲսֻҪӮһǱ׼ʤɡûƼЩõģڶˡ
ҶΪõӣȻվһߣȻּ¡ǺǣǵðõǼͷǴӽԺֻܼβˣҲҲ̧ͷ
˵ţгµı仯

ֻȶһҽУõǸֽݸӣԭһ⣬ĵмѿһ糤ĴѪӣ˽סѪֱŶ򣬱˳⡣
ڲҩѧͽԼһʤһ֣ʱ
־ʦ֣ĺã


51 ִӣ
ǿʹ־б൱ɫһλ֡һս֮˿Եʮƣ˽أյȭԺĳЩΪõӹ֣õӵһƬ˳õܳһŮӣæȥǹУ־ЦЦһҸ
Сɵбϣ־ܵ˻ŮӹУвˬ죬ƲƲͣç򣬾ͻˣŪѣʲô˲ң˭ܿң
Ҷ˷СĻЦ֪һˣҲ˵ʲô
ҩõڵǣɫʮѿһεսܣ߰ʮĳֻʣһˡ
õΪ׵Ĳ񰲣ʱ˵ݸŭ׺ƣô£ôһҲ㾡ʱ䣬һְһֻʣһˡ
˵ݸʹҩѵ⣬ߵķ񰲣Լﲻϣ黹ļֵǳҪǸǲƨɣ˭ԣͬõĵӣļҾȻȲϲܼңҲ˶٣Ҫ񰲵ɫ
˵
õڵǼõڧһ壬룬Ҫǲϳһ
Ҷؼⳡõıеˣ׼һ뿪
ʱҶصɫͻȻ΢䣬ͷ󷽿ȥһȺʮٲƽĺɾĶԱеõӶһأҲǶϵĺ֡
СҲɫ䣬ҪҶ̫࣬ڸ߸ߵϣƵԶͬʱȺٽӽĽֵģ
ִӣãִˣִӴӳлƴʦӣõֵǣܣǸסˣСһɤӣȻһʩչṦܡСṦڵҲ൱ˣգ۹򣬱ܳʮ֮⡣
ݵرȶϣʱסõ˲˵ִӽ춼Ҫִһ񣬲ܸűЩӣƭǣ
õڵʾ׷׾Ŷ·ӣͬɢ
ǲͨĵӡ
Ƕִӣȴ¼ˡ
ִӶǲҩõĺĵӣĳǿ󻧣Сѧıǲҩ߼书ȫΪ׷նЩӵĸҵӿȵġ
õһЩӣִӴӳлƴʦִӣҲŶɫ䣬ʧ롣
λлƴʦ֣ɲǵ
ǲҩ˵״ӣʮ꣬ҩõصأҳһʮ꣬ǱѧѧǧԸѧԼżָŵӵѧ
Ҵѧʼѣ쳣ȣҩΨһһڲչؿ޳һʮӣΪҩһе֡
Ҳسǲҩδߡ
һֱִӳְ֮λֻƽʱҾޣԳ֡ΪﱸҩƷᣬҩֽţŰӲάس˵Ľ
ǰҶءһɡСһʮҩͯӡҩͯӸոŵʱѧĹţлѡŵġ
ҩ½ɳӣܹλлƴʦֵָη֣˵ǰˡ
õĶʮӼˡ
񰲣㲻˵ʦִǰƵôлƴʦִӣ
ҡҲ֪ô°ʦ֣ʦҲ˵ˣԴģô֪ԡ
Ҳɵˣܻļʣ޷͡
ܻɵۣæˣȱô£ӰɡлƴʦֿǳķˣõʦֵܶһҪǱסٲһᣬߣ
˵꣬Ǻõĵӣ׷׾̶ӡ
ԶѾһʮִӵѾ֣뻮һڲݵϡһᣬжɾ䣬ѵء
ִӴӳлƣǰһĮɨһڵڵӣȵҩ꣬Ͻڵ˽ȻôӸҹȻΥù棬ùΪִӣץˣץȥϼӳͷһҲˣ
ǣ
ִԱȣɢЩⳡ˽ԶŹܵһڲҩõӡ
Ҷش˿̲һïܵϣϢۿһС
ûѧṦŸոѧ֣ûպãܵĲ̫죬ױ׷ϣԱɴЩܵİڵӡץ˵ִӳԱˣ뿪Ҳ١
ǣͨӵȷɢˣЩִҲ׷ȥˣλлƴʦ֣ȴ̩ɽĸվڲݵϣһҲûж뿪˼


52 ȷ
Ҷز£侲ϡ
лڲݵϱĿվһСɫĻ۾оһϵλʦܣɡȻصΣƵţҶ㱻㲻ôԵĽӡһۿĲ֮
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ʱСģӦûӡۡ
ͷһжʱ¶һ˿Ц˹ȻкüǳǳĻմݵ½ӡȴǷСȲǰ̤ʱµģлƴʦֱָӶϡ
ȻˣҲȥˣΪñסֻǣôȻ뿪ȴһ鷳顣
лƴʦֵڲҩüߣ˵ġվڹѧķƽѧѾ˼ߵľ磬ڹ⹦ͨգѾͨһֵĵΣ֮ڼûһӿ³ŹУǳ׶Ը
ֵĻܻܲлƣȻ뿪Ҷûжٵסһ£ϡ˻ĳһֲɿϣⱻֱӿݡȻż֦һ㣬ïܵҸߴԾ
лƶ˻Ĵ̷ֲҶصĲڣһһԾһôһȣԾ׷ϡ
Ҫ˵ṦҶزŸѧԶлƿ˶ʮṦٶҪ˺üգ۹򣬱㱻лƸ׷ˡ
ӣ
л׷Ҷ͵һȣͬһ֮죬־΢һЩֻһȶŲסлƲδʩչһצɲǿҶصļͼһٽҶ¡
ҶеһɾϮ
ٺһЦһ㷭ҽ繭ٳȥлơ⼸ȣҲһֳȵٶȣֻûмκڹϲһ㡣
лƻȭֵȭŲһӴоҶȷı֮һߣ̶ֳȹ˫ֽȭûΪʮȭӰӲҶصĲߡҶصĳٶȵʮָȤڲҩܹ߳ȷˣʮֺ
ءءأ
ȭŽգۼ䣬Ѿڰнʮغϡ
ڷԾʱһѾ˥ߣҲûп֧֮ڰ޷ٽ֣Ʈȥ
ֻ֮򶷡
Ȼ֮ǰδصһɲлиҲʱ
ͻ
ҶĿͻȻһȫΥƣͿסˣͬʱ˫ٴ߳ȸղŵȷ͵ıʮ౶
лõҶصٶȻֲ˱̬׼˵ȥֵǿҪֵȴм̬ܵҪľ紦֮ʮȵߡȻЩѸ͵ȣȫڷΪľҪִ֮ͨܳܵġ
лơءĵɳȥˤڲݵϣһ¿ֳŹڵϣңֻǿ֧塣
ҶƮڵأ˵صлһۣȷ޷׷Լ֮󣬲ŲıԶسǡΪɣҩ书ߵĴʦԸͷؼʱͻȻʩչЧǲġ
л촽£˵ʲôȴһеӿѪǿŸоʹɫף̧ͷҶطɱȥıӰ𺧵˼㡣
ڸղ⵽Ȼһ˲䣬ѲҩеȷѧɿĴԺһ飬Ӳûǰ˾õʲôȷġ
ֱ֮һȷߡ
Ӧó֮Ϊȷ
ΪƽÿһᣬÿһżͯӶȥѧļʽǰߡߡڡűѧĻȷʽ
ȷΪͯӵʽ֮һûκμԡ޷ȷȥֱ棬ǸˣΪƽݾֻҪ书Ľˣѧֻȷʽ
Ǹղ˵ĳȣ̫죬̫ݣ̫׼һ򵥵ĲȣĿⶼ޷׽Ӱӵٶȵ߳ĵﾭ紦һ¾ͰڼУûüʩչľѧ˳Ȳ̫أֻµҪ
л¡
ĻҲء
һγȵٶȺͨһҲûʲôΪǰֻһز¶ȷֵӣֻǼϲһͨԴδʩչѧӦԡ
ڰߣϽ䡪㽭һṦ֣ڰ˥֮ҲʣΨһ;޷־մ򶷡
û뵽ǣ˵˥ȫαװġǰһɲǣҲиʱͻȻ֮ڶճȣҺ˵ıȵһγѸʮ౶ѽδһٻˡȻأҵƽϢĻ޷ʩչ书ġ
лɫҰ׺ѪɫпɬƽĿһѵϵݡ
һ棬ųƲҩһǿĵӣȻĲ߸Ϣң޷ٳܴ֡裬ҵһμʶȺȷǹ˵ĸ֣
Ųҩòҩѧͽòƺᣬ˭ôգ
ʱкüִԱץһЩõĵӻлɫҰ׵İڵϣԶһ챼뿪
ʦ֣ôˣ
˭ģ
ǲԶǸˣ׷һҪץס
æеĳлƱ˹иеĶԱҪȥ׷ˡ
лǿѹסҵϢǿվȣ׷һĶ⽭֣ð䱾ŵǱǲĶ֡£飬سǡ


53 ¶䷽
գʮ˽еĲҩõӣִӳԱץסвõĵӣץסԩǲ˽ǱõĵӸס⵽ΧŹЩץõ飬õҲõӱȶ
ִӴӳлƸǵĽͣԲ˽ԶŹ壬Щץÿ˸ʮӵı̢ͷ̢ڲҩʵѾǱȽһֳͷƤ֮ⲻ˵ġ
ЩûбץסõӣڲԼУӹһ١ЩץĵҲҿڣͬʦֵܣǽɣ˽ԶŹء
ⳡҩӵ˽ԶŹ¼ΪִӵǿѹƽϢȥҲû˸ڽ顣
ִӴӳлʵⳡڵеʵֻС飬ͷһ¾ˡԼһظòȸܣе衣
ܻظֶˣڵĳλӡɫİŲеӣڵһЩȷȥϰȷͼҳ˿λصĸ֣һȷм裬ʹǾһ
ϧлҴ˷Ϊѹûȷš
Ҷػصس֮󣬻һõȻڲҩøլڲҩѧͽסСԺʯݣŲŲ
κлƴʦֵ⽻֣һСƿȻųĹٶȣĶݸռȻͱˡлƵϴǿĻ⵽ʱԶ֮ȲһЩˣ
Ʋ̫أҶͿĨһЩѪĲҩ˹Ϣһ֮Ͻס
ҶϴʮԣָͬҶغΣʲôԷԵڹķֻɵԪѡǿڹ͹ʽĻҲʽȥһһֽн֡
вɰ룬ѧϹԵɱķҲ÷ûʲôֶΣʩչԸ֡
ϧϹأԼϴɱǿķ
Ҷزϧ̾һڣ˴Ϲϻûͷҡĵ㹦ԼֻҪͨޱȣȻûϹҲһɵĶԸһĽ֡
ڽļʱҶطǳ͵ֻ峿Ͱȥһˣ˷˱̻һɡС˾ܣس֣ÿʯڰ
ҶЩƵǣ롶㹦֮ٶȿʼ
ÿտԷ꽵¶ݣΪڵ㾳ҪԪȵһټԵķÿһԪڵٶȷǰ
죬Ҷرס
ǵĽ¶¶ݿƳɽ¶ڳ׵һ㾳֮ڣǿΪƷ鵤
¶ԪЧӦñȷý¶ҪһЩɡ
Ҷؿһ£׿жԵʹޣϸһʣ֪֪鵤䷽
һ֮£ԹȻ˵Ȼ֪¶䷽ԵĿеֱ֪Խ¶ݣ鵤ٷãߵĲǺܴġ
Խ¶ݣҲǿԪЧܹյԪԶԶ鵤֮յĶࡣƳ鵤ܹҩЧӵޡ
һͨߵһ㣬Խ¶ݣֻҪϰ֮Сý¶ֻҪʮöԲһ㾳硣
¶ȻͼһݣҲࡣ
ϼĲҩҲֻɹʮѣרڸոտʼһĵӴá
ý¶ѵʱһͶ㡣˵ʱҪ¶ͷǳЩˡڳ׵ǰ㣬н֮Ӵ󣬻û˻ôݳ޵ȥֵͼ鵤ǿԪǷø߼鵤
ҶΪʹҪ֪ǰ˲ٵĽ¶ݡ
¶ĹЧԶԶȽ¶ݳɫԽԼĽ¶ݡһҪֲ¶ݵʯҲļˡ
ԭڷһֲĽ¶ݣֻʹʮʳãҪȥѰʯٴжϡ
Щ¶ݶƳɽ¶ǽ󻺽Ѱʯѹ
ǰϹأ䷽âһ¶䷽ʮİâ
ҶشԵл˽¶䷽ϸѯһķ뿪ϸ׼ȥ


54 ¯
ҶڴԵлý¶䷽ķֿ֮ʼ׼ٶȡ
Ϊ˽ûڲҩǳױͬŵƳߡҪǱ֪˽ҩƷܶ鷳
ȻҲûдȥҰѰҵطױײͬȫǰȥҰҩΪûǮѲܵҰȥ衣䱦ƳﻻʮöҶӣȫسһطΪ֮
ҶһϮ¶ңسǵĶϳСһƫƧĵطʮöҶӣһСﹺһСԺӣΪԼʱס֮ء
СԺһɸߵǽΧţСԺһ䵥ש߷ΪСƽʱסڳСԺڴԺӲݴЩҡ
СԺĸڶһЩƽ˼ҵķݣЩƽûʲôʶҲ
ҶضСԺΪ⣬ĶլСԺسǶϺܳԳݣСطԽԵͨƽԽ˹עϾԼպ󾭳ҪƽСԺòױ˷֡
ŵСԺ֮Ҷؿʼ׼ҪƷҩҩ¯
ƽ¶ҪһζҩʮζĸҩȻѾҩ¶ݣǻҪʱȥռҩЩҩȻݣҲڹزҩ
ҶزûΪЩҩģΪسǲҩÿĴҩ෱ĹزҩֻۡҪһʲƵҶֱҩﹺҪĸҩ㲻ȥҩõҩ̣Ҳȥó׼УҲвɢҩĳۣǽƽʱռġ
ǰĻҶؿҪΪʹҩҶһĪչڣ˹һСԺ㻹жʮöҶ࣬㹻һСεʱˡ
ҩ͸ҩ⣬鷳ĻѰһ¯
ķеҩȫͬеҩʹƬҩ裬ɢҩ衣
鵤ʹܷ¯¯
ⶫƽ˼ҲţҲҲȻЩҡ
ҶѰңسе̣һӻҵһ¯
¯Ϊףֶնյ¯¯ֻһ«СһӣԽ¯ܷ⡣¯Ŵ⣬ģʮء
Ҷؿ¯سªӣǻɣܲ
ӻ̵Ķظ֤ã˵¯سһƵ¯ӣר¯ϵˣĵͯ㽫ӻ
ҶؽŽɡ
ҿᣬȻһŨصҩʯζţҲ֪¯ǰʲôѰ¯ӣֻһá
ʮöҶҶؿ¯ص˽СԺ
еĸҩ¾㱸Ҷſʼĵһ¯
һҩģһ꽵¶ݺɸҩɣһ¶
ʱ¯Եһҩģһ鵤Ҳͬʱҩģͬʱ鵤ͼ鵤Ҫʵߣҩޱȵ֮⣬ʹõĸҩԼߣǷ
ֻҪҩĥۣϪдĴˮҩҺ󣬵¯Уϸǣ尾¯ӱˡ
ʼ׶ΣҪǿסơ
Ҷش¯ԣ֦СĶŻĴСһϰ졣
СҪϣʹ΢һЩͻ𱣳ֳʱ尾ƱȣܺС¯ҩ޷ںϡʹСһʱ
ֻᵽ֮ѡ
¯һʱҪ񡢼ңɻСһôܱһĻƣҶʮԽ
Ϊòյ㹻ȣɴѴѵľСƬһһӽûƾ־ãŽ˻Ƶ⡣
һҲؼǰպÿ¯ʱǼѵ顣
ĹУ¯ڵҩҺԶ
¯ˣҩҺҩδȫ߷鵤δȫᣬǰƷ鵤ʱĵҩֻҩֵҩҩЧز㣬˷ѡ
¯ˣ鵤¯ڽֱӳΪϵмʺͶʡַϵǲܳԵģ˵ĻΪûʲôɾ޴𺦣ֻͨʹӵ
Ҫ봿¯Ļ򣬱뾭õС
˵Ҷջ򣬾λϼ峤ϰ¯ֵҩ顰ķᡱ֣Ҳұ֤Լĳܴﵽĳϡ
Ҷļʱ䣬һʮ¯ҩҪôΪûܿƣҪôǿ¯ʱûܰס˴İƷͷϵϵһ¯һŨҵĽζðҶظǺֱＸס
ֱ֮żȻһγɹһ¯鵤¯ʱһķε鵤ҩ㣬ӣм޷԰Ρ
Ҷؿϲļ಻ס¯еһɢͨԲĻɫ鵤˳֣ȡϡ
⼸ûа׷ѣһ¶ˣҩЧΡ
ͼ鵤ķ÷ܼ򵥣̷ֱȻôԼʱڸ鵤ȫҩתΪɼԪ
Ҷ¯ǰĲݵϥ鵤ȴ֮󣬽鵤ֱ£ʼеҩ


55 ͷϵƥ
Ҷϥ¶̷£ܿо˷鵤ͷý¶ݵľ޴ͬ
ý¶ݵʱ򣬸ڵĽ¶ڼ̵ʱڱ㻯ΪǿǼһľһɾʹСÿý¶ݣһĥÿյҹķãƾ
Ȼ½¶ʱ򣬲ûļҷӦȴһůƽ͵ĸо¶ڸʮֻڻͬϸһ徭ʧ账
¶ڻյʱܳҪСܳ׵ҩȴʤƽӣԾصĳ
ʱҶŽ鵤ת꣬Ȼ󳤳ĺһ۾еϲúͼ
¶ڵһ㵽Ʒ鵤ȻǷƷ
һ£һƷĽ¶꽵¶ݵҩԼһԷ¶൱ʮʮ꽵¶ݵҩٶȴȵӡ
ҶΨһǵǳʣʮ¯вɹһ¯ʳĵ͡
ҪΪʹõͨ¯õĽֻҪʱգȴȵ֮󣬳Ӧܹ
һطͷر׹ȥһһµʱˡ
׻˵ɣϵҶѾܹǳĿ¯Ʒ¶ռɣƷ¶ռɣϵԼĳɡ
ڼУ൱ߵĳʡҲҪҶصĽ¶ݡǮƳ㣬ϵȡõЧ
˵ڵĴ󲿷ɼ壬ӦһʦĳɹʡܶСʦһҲ¯ʮ¯ĵҩѡƽϼ֮һʮҲŽϰ¯鵤Ѿʸ֮Ϊˡ
ҶһµѾԺʮȣĳôܲߡ
ҶضԵ˼ӣϲǲΰ롣
ϲϹе˽¶䷽鵤֮ٶȽ٣ΪҲˮߴǡ̶һʱ䣬ڵҪԪ֮һǰҪʱɵ̡
ǵϹٶͬ죬ϹĿ¶䷽Ϊۣﻻȡһµİâٶȸһͻ
죬Ϲ飬Ƶúܡ

ϹһµʱǲѾǰĽóķǵĽܼУֻøְֹͣâˡҶسԡ
СӣϷôôһĹһϳԡϷһ֮ռСӵı𣿡ڰ׷âͣԵΪ
ϻ˵Ϲ㻹ʲôɴ඼óɣҲʡҸ㡣
Ϸ֪ķھɾ٣ԷǾܸġڹȥһ㻹ŵķϣϷԤ֧ԷɣϷ¡
縿ɳľˮһֱǷϵϵľϵˮĴϵĻʺȫȥˣϷ㹻˼ɣ
Է·뵽ʲô飬۹ЦЦ
ҶԣϹЦʲôȫѵһһ̫ء
ҶصĻڰƯȣһͷ
ûûЦʲôȫɽҲеˣѧķϷѷڸ㣬úü¡
Ҷؼסķʶ뿪ϸ
Ҷߺԭ۹ЦĶԣͻȻָᣬڰУŴʯٴαĿҶصԪĺٺЦ
ڸҶһѵĻԷɲûаʲôġ
Ҫְ֪֣ľˮԼ磨죩ˮ죩ףˮ죩ϵҲΪ֣һһ໥Ӧ
ͷϵ֮䣬ƥ⡣
ƥ䣺ͷϵ໥ƥ䣬ں̵ܶʱڸӦϵƥ䣬ӦѶҪʮ
ȥѧϵʮ֮ڣܸӦĴڡȥѧϰϵĻȴҪ꣬ϣŻӦȥѧϰϵĻҪʮܲ΢ĸӦѡ
Ҳ˵ķֻҪԸȥѧʵպʹáǳм߼ķϰѶԽԽߣֻӵƥ߲Żȥѧӵеһߣɵȥϵϵϵķ
ϣѧϰķϵΧʵԶҶء
Խӵϵмߵ裬ϵϼޡҶӵȴϵϣ硢ױ취ϵȡһĳɾ͡
ʵȴˡ
漰һϵ⡣
ͬһϵʹõԽ࣬ԽŻԽ
һߣԪԼҶѡһҵʱôʱ;ȥɢѧϰϵأվͨһϵķҲǼ䲻ˡ
Сӣ˵ôôùأŸո̤֮ƫƫϷϷպٸһѲͬϵĻһҲһϵķϷ߰˲ϣҵ뿪طͨ˷ϼ壬Ѫƽݻϼҵ£۹
Ц꣬˱Ԫ񱮵ϿգڸÿһĻҷ϶Ѱһָо뿪طķһͲֵĸϡǾȴѾҲ벻ֻȥҡ


56 
СԺǽĵطʮ߰һľ׮ÿľ׮һɵԶСԺһȦ
峿һɫӰԼٶСԺľ׮Ȧܣżֻڸ߰Զһľ׮һ㣬֮Զٶ֮죬֮ԱȵϽκһṦ
Ӱʮ֮䣬СԺľ׮ɱһȦ
˳ʱСԺɱǧȦӰȻͣһľ׮ƮƮ˾綯ɼ쵽ֹֻһɲǵĹ
ɼҷֻҪֹܳõʹȥĲ;·ʺҲˡ
ҶذһڸоһЩ֮⣬弸ûʲôƣĸоֻҪſеķ
ϰ縿ˡ
Դڸ߸縿ɳˮľҶزЩ;ЧûҲ֪һʵãһôʵá
Ҫ֪ǵĲͬЧôҶֻһ취ǶᣬȻܱȽϳЩЧӶѡõһ
ҶҲ֪̰áȴֻԼ֪ķ̫٣һӶࡣϸڸΣУһʱ䶼ͶԪϣ뷽跨ǿʵ
Ҷľ׮Ժڵһǰ򿪣һͷغɫƤëٽʹҰһšͷҰǰЩɽץĴҰֻ¸ҵɽ˲Ÿȥɱڣ
Ұëź˫ۣǷҶһţСȣ໽д˳ԺҴڣڵԺӡһͷײСԺǽϣǽʱһѿѷ죬ײһ£ֻҪȻ
Ҷز֣縿СԺƽʼͻȻһֻаϸĵɫ磬ָߴķȥ
ȥ
һӣǵ磬쬵ĳԺʹڵĴҰȥһ²סҰǰȣ񱼵Ұͨһһͷ͵ԵڵϣڵϣײһƬҲ֮һ¡
ƾ΢ȴӵм侪˵ԡҰϵĴʼ޷ľϣĽʵʵãֻܶݺݵĵͺţҶ˻
ҶٴһСľ磬ִһסҰͣҰҲ
Ҷض縿Ч˵ͷΪסͷҰǰЩɽϰٴη縿ʩչ
縿ȻΪԵķȴյǿķֶΣҶضȻӰÿϰĴҲܶࡣ
ֻǣʩչ縿ĵķܴ󣬱ĿҪʮϰٱ֮ࡣ
ĿԼ۾ͽŵУԷ١Ƿ縿ȴǶͷŵķܹ糤ά֣ĵķȻ
Ҷڵո֮һңһҲʮη縿ѣҪľȫķҪһʱϢܽڵķĻָ
Ҷؽͷ͵ĴҰס֮ĿͶ䵽СԺӵмϡмڵӲѾγֻʣ¹ͺͺ
ɳ
ָ棬һɫķָأԴԴϵֱָۡȥ
ԭӲĻأһɳУתСȴž˵ƺҪе嶼һͷţڵϵĴҰֵҪԶе־СУɶѡ
ʱһһĹȥҶط룬سָı仯ɳеķΧʮ౶ͬľһС
ԭɫɵҶأɳеȫǱˮһٳɫѾǵͨ졣΢΢Ĳĺʡ
ʱжϡ
Ҷҧڵķһһζեɾ
Ϊ֣ÿȫľڶ취ʱڵķԵøͨ΢СķҲᱻӶһθ׵ʹЩ
Чֻʹ÷ʱáоѾͨµʱЧҲòԡ̶ͨˣպҲַʽȫÿһϸ΢ķ
ҶξһнڵķĵһɶѾԼڵĴ󲿷΢Сͨ
սԼļޡ
ǰӹȥ
Ҷؼľһ˿ҲûзַĴڣһ˷ԭָ
ͬʱɳҲ֮жϡ
ʱСԺмϣһһɷԲɳУڻתšܵɳʯϵıУͷҰ໽һɳУգ۹ɳʧ


57 ͵ĵ
ɳȻΪϵʵûСơһ㣬ܹһɳСʱѾܽɳбһɷԲ
ΪԽߣȻҲԽ
ͨ˺ҰһУѱ³
Ҷغױ㷢ϵʮּߵĵطһʩʱܳγ̫ʩɣµܵĲټһʩ֮λǹ̶ģϢʮۣһ֪Ĵڡ
ͬߴ򶷵ĻԷʩչȻɵɵɳܡȻܴɱԻȴСΪԷ谭˵жû빥Է
Ҷڴ縿ɳ֮²ĳˮľ
ˮľֱϵˮϵľϵҪʩͬȻǵȴһݣ½ءˮСľиƶ
ʩһʩһϢԭʧСˮСľУʮ֮ĵط֮£һϢֻܷ֮ɳԶˮľݾʮ౶
ȻˣΪ꿪ˮˮĵķҲԶҪߣʩչʮľ
ֻͨΣյ£ŻὫַڱȫ
һǲľϵ֮УƲԲƵķʽֵжĴС˸йϵ֮⣬֡ٱļͳ̶ֱӵĹϵʹͨĲ֣ʩչĲЧá

ҶӼÿڲҩúԼ˽СԺ֮䣬ҡԼոѧļ
ʱ䣬ҩҩҩƷʢٽسڽ
ھƹݿջ֮¼ȻҲо¥ջáһЩеĳεѪȳɱ¼
ҩΪصĶԴ˸вжΣ䲼˼ֹеǲڵȥڸƵе¼ڵӵ深ء
Ҷһǡ书͵ۡӣҲǲȥִиַصάسΰ
ǾˣسڵĴܶŹɲ޿ɽҩø鲻㹻ȥ⣬һЩֵеڵ޷֡
Ϊ˼سڵĸ˽Դƻ¼ҩõĸ߲ڳó׼еԱ߿һ䳡Թ˵Ĺ䡢д衢ҩɳһ֧ɵΰѲ߶ӣ䳡άֱ򣬰űȶд裬ҸΪЩ֮˽Ρ
ǱҲգ˽ҲãҲãֻܵ䳡ȥԣҩҲٲ֡
ҩõٶܽʿĻӭ
سڸǵѪʿ׷ǰ䳡йȶ
Щϲô򶷵ĽʿҪĽ͡еĴ󲿷˴ڽҩҩҩƷ֮ʣԼĽԲŲеġ
ҩõٶȻͶá
ΪĽƽݾڸذӷ׷̨ӷսд衣ѧʮգڸԵİڶٮٮߣߣǵҪڽ¶ǵѪ䡣
Ľ֣ԼһЩ׳ꡢĸ֣Գݣ䳡̨ȶӮЩҲʤ֮ɡ˵Ļǿۣɨأ˼ɺܴ
ҶΪҩõѧͽȻҪŴܹܵİš
ΰѲ߶ӣ䳡ִܱάΰ񣬻ǱȥһЩӻ
ÿִάҶض͵ĬһеӲǰԼǰȥҶվԶԶԹۣ˿ûǰȰ֮⡣ɻҲԹһĴӻġ
ı֣⵽һЩӣΪǵСųı֡
ҩõõǣ֪һרǿĹ򣬺󰵰ǻţֵֻ֪أ֮ûаôҪֹسеÿЩ书ǿ֮˳ֲС
ҶƽʱԹˮӣ۸ɵڿķϣҲû˻Ϊ
Ҷضе޶ԣԭġɼҷԹǵĿ֮Ҷص۽ҲȵߣʵûȤȥЩе
Ըһ߸ɻۣһĥԼѧķҲԸԼ˷ʱЩԱ˷ûµѪϡ
ڵӵ䳰ȷֱӡ


58 䳡
ʱ֣سĴ䳡ϣڽһ֮Ϊ޴սıɽ˺ǧ֮ڣ쳣Ļ֡
ޡıܼ򵥣췽ƽʮʸٰ죬ٰ߱ʮᡣμӴѡΪߺսߡ
ߣǱƽʮϿɵĸ֣ʸ̨սߣҲĳڽЩĺ֣ʸ̨
߱һֵ֮ס̨սߵַ񹥡ÿʮսߣΪһֻ֡ҪսκӦսԸ䡣
Ϊ޴ս޷ԤͲпԣһ޳ɹ֮˴ߵĽ
Ȼ޴սƣĸ׶Σʮ̨ʮһ굽ʮ̨ʮһ굽ʮ׳̨ʮһ̨ԴΪߣͬһѡǲ̨ɽִѹ֣޷ðͷľ档
ƽݽϣÿһ޴սἫĿ
ʮֹ꣬һ䶯ƽݵĳ޴սƽʮһưһĵʮʱס˶ʮһֵĳ̨ս֮ڲ߲һһʮʮµĽ֣Ϊ߶̨ǵһͻʮһִأڵʱΪƽݽһľ֣һʱ޶Ϊս˳ִƻưλ
س䳡ĳִս̨ϣ˿һԼʮ֮䣬Ŀʵİ֣䳡еַ޴սսѾʮλ֣һʱ
ã̫ˣ̫ˣ򣬼ҺݺݵĴ򣡡
ʦ֣һҪסǵʮ߸ˣٴڶˡ
˭ȥŵСӸҴ̨ڶ֣
̨·ڶսߣ̼Ŀޱȣ˷ܵĴǵ˼Ľӣ޲̨ȥսݵĮ̇Լ̨ϴչ۷硣Ǿڰ书ǿȴóȻ޲ɣˡǰţȸ˵ȥİڼȻԼȥһš뷨˶ˣ̨Ե˷١
̨ϵһСٳû˸ӦսͣȻĿɨ䳡ȵڲ䱦һͷôͨӶѣȻ˸ӦսĪƽݰѾˣ䱦ƽݽ𣿣
̨һȵʵ
Сӣſ񣬴үүسǺڻӷѵ㣡һ£ڵ꺺ӣһѴ󵥵ŭĿԲɣһ͵һԾһɸߵ̨д⣬ȥ
Ҳϻһǣ˲ںӵǰһںӵϡ
ںľ㵣ֻؿ⵽̵ػһҽһѪ̨ȥѹ̨һƬȺ
ʮˣʮ˸ˣ
к߸
̨ڿ;ȥںӵؿڽһƬȻǱƷˣ֮أļ¡⳵޴սһĿ飬սͬΣա
ߣɫҲ·ȰЩʵûⱾµģòҪҿɲպָҵı˵ǿսʤһЩɫ̨
ƣһ̨µ˵һƵĻ񣬻޵Ŀҩõִɨ˼ۣƺҸҩĵһ
ҶشʱľͰˮ䳡ڵһʮˮﵹˮҩִӺһЩáΪҩñ۵ĵͼӣʮˮ׵ˮ㹻ڵá
վ̨粻һڵĻҶذЦҡҡͷڻһŰ֪ܳżִսľͰˮˮﵹ⣬ȻſͰ뿪䳡
ڸάĲҩõִӵĶԱǣҶˮˣ˵Ĵ󺰣ľȥʢˮ
ˮˣˮˣֵǣҺˮ
лƴʦ֣Ⱥһ롣
ִȸлƴһ룬Ķ˹ȥ
л˫ֱվۿ̨ϵڣִӸˮ΢΢˵ͷʱżȻƳҶصˮæµıӰƺЩϤĸоһ¡
ǰǸظֵıӰȥ˾޴ĳ裬Ǹɱ뿪ıӰӡ̫ˡΪҳظ֣㻨һµʱ䣬Ǻ޽Ž˼ѰҵͷǿҶصĺӰͻȻһ¡
лϸ˼һ£ԱһߵıӰоǺЩơǡԳҡҡͷĸ֣ôڵһӵĵͼӣԼǲ̫ˡ


59 ȭ
뵽سĴۣлƵͻȻһʹ
Ǹظ֣;׵һţ̫ˣʱ޷ǡϧ˾һ֣ûٴγ֣Ǹ˾˭
лƶ̨ϵĳ޴ս˿ģڿ˼ڤ롣
ʹõżĻȷ
ȻǴüĿϿɼòᣬӦǲʮꡣ뿪ʱ򣬲죬ûаѲҩõִӷ
յĽеļС
һֱ˵ɾȷȷɫ֮нѰңٳûܽҳǣһ˼·˾ֻżȷֻڵһǳͨĵӣأ
лƵͷͻȻһ£뵽һĿԡ
ܹһȽԼܵĸ˵λʵѾûʲôˣΪ˸ͲںһССĵλֻ뽫Լڲҩöѡ
л뵽ͻȻһЩĪļȻȺпȥҳղǸӰоЩϤˮӣѾˮ뿪᲻ˣ
лһ˼̳ҩüȥǱõĵͼӣˮ֮Ӧû᷵زҩá
ִǿлͻȻһ仰Ҳ˵㶪ˣһɵۣ֪ô¡
ʦ֣ȥ
ʦ֣ǻҪάأ
ʦֽôˣͷһμ֡

ҩãСԺһЩæµ
ԺһꤾԣҶСľͰ뾮ڣľͰ˾ˮֻҪˮɡܻصԼ˽СԺȥоһˮ⼸
лƻСԺԺɨһۣüͷֵط󲿷ͨĵӶԸֻЩ书ۣˣŻطɻ
Ժڵǣлƣæʺ
лƲͣһ֣뿪
ǣ
ǵϽ뿪СԺ
ҶزûߣľͰˮлһСԺолƵĿⶢԼϣҲ߲ɴЩգлô鶼˽ˣѵûĽ֣
лƴꤾԱߣҶһ£Ҷɫ糣Ѿ߰˷ֿ϶Ҷؾˣʮֲüͷ
λʦܣ߳գΪʲôȴһͨĲҩӣִײӻأѵҲҩãݲһֲɣ
ĳɫգȫʸΪҲҩõĺĵӡ磬Ҿټ㵽ÿڵļ£Ϊ״ôʮ֮漾øҲпܡ
ҶЩлʲôʣ񡣷£һⵣ׼ˮ뿪ʦ֣æŸɻءʦҪ£ڻкܶȥ
ѵлƻ䡣
лƻûôģ϶ʱŭһƣǿڼҹѸײڶ֮ƣŭҶȥ
Ҷɫһ䣬ץеıⵣ˹ȥꡣⵣһУǿڹ֮£ѳľм
ҶҲһЩȡ
лѵ뱨սܵĳ
лƻ˺һھó㹻ĿյأһǿĻסȫ£쳣ҼʶһʦܵľȷȷлƵվѧɫлڲǱ޶ʮ꣬Ҳڵʤҡ
ҶҲ࣬Ŀء
Ѿлʲô
ȲʣҲѰ𣬶׷ӡ֤ߵһߣһɵ۷塣һߣһߵ룬ɱ̤߷塣
ڵΪǲһһֵ߱ģʤ֮ɡлƴʦ׷ѧ̬ȣһǲҩõӵĿģʮ־ءһߴӸն㿪ʼޣչضʮأҹꡣܹزһ仰ô򵥡
ִ̬ȣء

Ҷɫ̧һɨ
ԵĴľͰһɸߣڰлһѿ
䣡
ˮ䣬̫ѤĹâ
л͵̧ͷըѵĴľͰȥ
ֻˮʮٸȭӰ
лƺȻæƸ񵲡Ʒ洦һ©޷סȭӰлƾĿȭӰ϶ܼĻϡ
ءءء̶Ϣʱ䣬һһȭžлľѨλϰеѨλס޷˳УƵõС
Ҷ޵ٶȣܴﵽٶȡҲһ书һ׷ߣ׼ȭӽȭĲ֮
ء
лصĹˤԶ֮ĵϣȫѨԣǿһӿѪ
Ѥˮɢȥ
ҶصĮӰ³֡
ȭֱȭлʦ֣ҵȭֵһᣬƵĻһȭѨλϣһЧҵٶȱ۾죬ҵȭͷԷɱκһѨλû˿֮Улƴʦ֣֮һαȶҺæû±ңҵ޶ȵġ
Ҷػһⵣ˸ľͰʢˮһˮ뿪
ֻҩڵ͵ĹӣһͨӣǱѡ
Ⲣζ
ڵʵԼյķĲҩõ˻ʲôвҪ뾪ףһ򵥵ķ縿лڵʵʵһ졣
лҶٴȥıӰ˼ӡˣһİܵ޻˵ûκνңֿ籩Ƶȭֵܵġ
˽һӣлƲڹǿг忪ȫȭסѨλϢƽ˻ҵվȻ뿪СԺ


60 
䳡̨
߾
лƱһͬһʵĽǰ˹ȥǿڹ˫Ŀɺ죬˫ȭĴ
أأأ
ʮȭһսĺ󺺵ϡۣһմֹһȭشǴ󺺵ؿڡ
´󺺱ΣһǶߵķݣһ·ɳ̨صˤ̨ϣ㲻ҲǸˡ
գۣʤ֡
ִʮսߺ浶ë־磬սܣ
̨µǧͣˣ䳡ڣһƬšˣҩҩõֱ֣Ǵ衣
黹ôӽ˵
磬޵䱦ʮ֮һڣʮ֣ס̨սССĺ䶯ڶĽʿڴڸǿı֡
ǣھҪͻƵִصʱһĴ̨Ϲҩҩõϯִӣųһһֵлơ
˭֪ҩõĵ䳡ڸά򣬶̨д衣ƫƫʮְ˲ҩһ
ƽʱлֻЦ֮δػӦսǽڲҩСԺ˴̼һӽλܣǻûй
лƺԥصӦս̨
˾һĻˡ
ô˵Ҳ䱦ʮ֮һƽݽǱ֣ƷҲټѧ书δлƵĶ֣˵ôҲܵסлƶʮаɡ
ŭͷлƲǺģмٵƽѧȥ·ӲĽƵ̨ԵڱƵ˾أҲ˽һлƵؿڡлƾȻ˿ᣬʢŭһٶ֮죬ʯѸͣڵĿڡ־ŭǱд裬ģ̷̨ڵĳ޴սȻֹ
䳡ڶ཭֣ڱлĽ̨һʱǵ˵
̨ڶ֣׷̨սлƣǼûгŹеġ
л̨ϵĴ򶷼񣬽з꽭ֵսʹõĲóĽʲô书áڲҩòչصĽʮĵͼм߼ѧǧơ
ѧΪʦ֣ÿ춼ҪУҩڵĵӵѧչʵս쳣ḻʽһȷȭƷʮȻͬıͼĻ߼ľѧԡڹ񣬸ʵһЩ꽭ŲУҰ̨ȥ
ã̫ˣʦ֣
лƴʦ֣̫ʮ˸ҪƵˣ
̨µϰҩõִӳԱáõĵӣлٴλʤһ֮ڻ˺ͣ˷ܵķлƴлƵǵ磬лսʤĶԽ࣬ҲоԼԽӡ
䳡⣬һ¥
ھ¥¥ٴһϯλϣӸ£ŲԶ䳡ڵıȶ
һӲߣƺֵ̼ĸ̬ˣЦͽܣ޽ʮ꣬ѧͻƽӲʽԼʼںڼ֮ղųǼȭѸͿݣȭһֹھ͸壬ɱзȭӦȡԡָľԸıģɣ߷ְԵ
ˡлСӣڷܾеģеʱһЩȱٱ֪ͨĸëͻȻʼѧ书ʽѧãĺܡ
Ѯ˺Цͷ̨ϵл¶Щ
λеسǵһǿԼԼʮ꣬еȣɫ֮˿ûмթ׺֮ɫż˵ĴȺͣ˿ʱɱ֮ͽ
ѧ;ͬ顣лѾͻҪľؿڣپһһʽʼڻڼ֮ʱգһ֣ҲҩõĶ֧
Ƕ˹ģһɫ۵ʮݴ󺺣ĮĬԣǲҩõļ⼾ƳĬڵ˼䣬ƨ˿֮¡
¥СЩĸ˶˾ϲˣһϯ֮ȻԶԶĹһԸҶǵ̸
˶ͽܿڳޣЦ˼鳩ޱȡ
ҩҩҩƷ״ǰڳﱸѾˡҩٰһɵ򰲸ǰݰٱسǣӲﱸҲһյĹͻᵽ˰ɡҪλͣҪñõǰڳﱸزźá
ٰ⼸վͻ
һæⱾµȷ֮£ضὫδٰĵˮ©
䳡ܱߵʮҾ¥ڣƽʮĸҲڹۿⳡ̨Ҳڹۿ䳡ڵıȶ½Ľܡ
һҺ¥ĵڣ䱦ĻƳϣͽڣԼһŮӣƵĺȾơ
Ƴһ㴼ƣƱŭһţѵڣڣ֪ˣˣظֳִս͵Լ˲ǲǣƽʮǱصĸֶǣл֮ˡ㿴ôˣĽ̨֪ˣΪ䱦ʮӶҷء
ڼ޵Ķվ̨ϵлһۣȻʦǵܣл̫޳ˡĹҲ߲˶١ҵĳƣһһƣҲڹҵһƣ¼Ѫһ±ãҪһֻҪ̴Ŀںȥƻֻܺˣû󣬱̨
ʦ֣ûСô㵱ʱӦͦģһƲֺ̨ıܹлʦҪһŮһЦ
ڨڨŤͷǺŮӣĺһ


61 ҹ
س䳡޴սҩҩлƣĽ䱦ڣɨ䳡һ֮ʮ֣س˲Сĺ䶯
ʱسǣҩҩƷٿС£ѾƼƽݾٸСᣬƼ˽͡
ȻûʮһֵδִƼֵԲˡܹӴȺӱԲһ׵顣
Ҫһǣлûбܣҹˣվ̨ϣ½ֻʮλǿ֣˵ֵĹؿڡ
ÿһķѵʱԽԽĵڼҲԽԽࡣ
ǣлʼհռ̨
ճ޴սĹأս޵Ĵսǲ߲ݣֱսΪֹġֻҪлƻûбܣϰܣ̨ϣʱ̨µֵսҲ˵лƻкܴĿܳϵ֣ڰ֡
ϰϵʵ֣Ƕϸֲʸ̨ս
סһִֵսģڶֵķ룻֣һַ룻ʮ֣ڶ֡ʮϣʸֵСܹɹڰֵĻǱζлѾͻһֵĲΣʸ뽭ֵС
Ҫ֪ҩҩãĿǰҲֻλֶѣǶǽʮĽˡ
ҩõǶڼഫлƵս޴ҫҩöһļ
лƴʦһϵֱ֣Ǵˣ
ƽҫ۵ĽǣǲҩõлƴʦĪڲ޽ʮ꣬ǰ
лƴʦ־ǵİﲻлƴʦֵĸ߶ȣԺҲҪѧȡﵽлƴʦֵʮ֮һɾͣ
Ҷ춼Ǳ䳡ַǷĴ¼жţ˽Ĳࡣɲ֪лΪΰУһŭ֮£̨䱦ڸ̨
ÿ컨Լʱʱ䣬ȥһȵ񣬰ʣµĴ󲿷ʱ䶼سǶϵ˽СԺ鵤ϰϻصҩõСԺʯݴ
ϣƳϵʱһɡС˸ŸմСԺĴţصǾסСԺʯݡ
Ϊлƴʦ־ܹ֧Ŷִ֣
һʮֿлƣлƴʦָسǻҲ֣϶ܹ֧ŵڰ֣Ϊǲҩõλ֡
СȴͬΪȻǿδأлƴʦֻʱ䣬ڲŸոɱֶѣҿѾ۵ĹǺˣҪ֣ҪѪսһҹҪɵڰ֣϶ҪУԵ𣿡
һɡСһ߰ŷִţŽʯݣȴҶغϾıĿڹʱЦҩõĵӶΪлƴʦ϶ãһ˰Ĵڹһʴ¡
һɡСܿ꣬ϢһȻҪҶȥۿ䳡ĳ޴սɡʵ޴սسǿһҲܼôһΣҩƷ֮뿴ˡ
ҶֲǣδӦһȥ䳡лơְѸոջǮ㡢ӨǶҲϣһȥϴ֡
ʱسǵֵϣ߹һŵĴĵƹ£سյͨ
ȻѾҹǾ󲿷ֵĵ̶ţҹϣسҼһոճ֣ﲻ
洦ɼŻУҡȣŪɧĸӣϵŮǼüŪۡһЩؤڳڵתƣǵ⡣
⼸£ֵ̼͡ĴʹسԵøֺͷǰƼ˳ӵ
ҶءһɡСǮ㡢Өͬʦֵˣʱһ䳡ʱɽ˺Ϊֵʱ˷󲿷ֶΪлźλһɺͷСΪлƾܳŵڼֶ۲ݡλСһ·ϼ˳֣ߴߴ쳣˷ܡ
Ҷ΢̾ʦֵˣܾûɵĲһˣΪҩõЩĶǣҲû֮֮ͬꡣ
ֻǣԺֻֻºˡ
Ҷصͫһ˿ӵУЩ˸УЩȡϣȴһĺޱ飬һ˼ʲôһ߳䳡ڿȥ
䳡ռģһʮһ̨ΧʮǸֻ̨Ҫд裬ȥԴ򡣵һߴɵ̨ȴʲô˶ȥģǡ޴սר̨뾭췽ʸΪʸսˣȥ
лƸոջ˵ʮλսߣֱɫᣬĿ̨룬һ߻ָһߵȴһλս̨նҹıȶлȻƣȴɱһߵķɣ־֮ˡ
ҶͻȻСȻһЦֻҪᶨ֮˳Ȼֺαȥô˼뵽Ҳ²Ҳ˼֡


62 䱦׻
䳡ڣԾԾԡҪս̫࣬ȻǶͬʱȥ̨֮ǰȾ췽ҲҩҩóϵʸжΪϵ֣ڶʮ굽ʮ֮䣬սʸ
⻹ϾηҪĸֶǡΪ˱֤ƽսǶҪȥĻôȵ̨һ˭ʤˣ˭̨лƷս
ҶԶԶĿһ̨ϵлƺ󣬼һɺͷСΪлؼִɲһ䣬лƴʦֵءɫӦ÷ǲҩƵڼָҩ衮衯ĵܺ;ģȴ޷ҩֲġÿһҪĿϢһ;ƣ룬ܼȥõļϣ̨øְ취ʱ䣬иʱϢֻ½սˡ
СҶصĻƴЦʦָӢͬ˵лܴ򵽽ĵѾˣﻹ֧ŵĵĵڰ֡ҪǲҩõĻָҩ࣬һõĳⳡ޴սжһֽţֻˡǵ䳡Ҹطһϣлܹ򵽵ڼ֡
ӨԵúܲʦ֡ʦ֣һɫһṦãôأṥѧʦֻ¶򲻹̨֧Ŷãֻһغ϶Ų˼лƴʦ֣ƾʵվ̨ϳϵ֡ҿǷڼʣͲлƴʦ㱻ܣߣ
ȻЩ䳡̨С˺ܴĳϡҫλƸһеÿӲ˵ûûʸվ̨˵Ļҫ޷ΪҪ
̫࣬⿴ɡȥҹйһ䣬ûʲôöġ
Ҷظо˳мȥЩƣ˵ֳ֮䳡ȺϡٵĵطȥҲ֪ôߵģգۣӵ˳ʧټ
ʦ֣ʦ֡
ӨҶһ仰ˣһٿʱȴѾҲӰˣĶСţߣ߾ߣʲô˲ʦ㣬Ҳߣлƴʦȥ
Ǯĸ첲ӵ䳡ȥ
һɡСһۣΣҶصĶϰˡΪҶصλʦȴǻæȥλʦÿ

ҶضسǷҹнֵϣ·ߵĽ̯ǴʳССΪ˶Ʒ·ԼĻз
Ĳѧþ书ҲǿҩЩСǮʮ֮ȢӣȻҩҩðȵĶգ׷һһӡ
ӨˣҲãҲãԵܡ罫Щ޵նϣ˶кô
Ϲ߶һֻҪմɵıߣ֮׷ıǳ֮ͷԽǿҡ
֮·Ѿǰʱûмܹܵӳջܲ˳ջ󣬾ˣҲҪԪӡУ˶ʮ꣬Ѱһ֮·
ҶػԼҪʲôδĵ·ЩãҪģȴڲҩسҪĶ뿪سǣܹҵҪĶ
ֻڵһ顣
ﵽɸ֣Ϊϼ֮ƽݾǿɸֵʱ򣬶ֻķݡس֮İأһݵǡû㹻ʵ֮ǰʱ뿪سǡ
Ҷţڽֵϡ
سǵҹУֻ䳡һֵĵطسǵֵó׼УķϷ԰ĻҰ¶Ӫصȵط֡
ҶزڽֵһС֪ųسľ¥¥ǰ¥ǰһľӣдŽ¥¥һС͵䱦׻ᣬӭ·Ͳμӡ
¥ſͣʮϴŸı־󲿷ȻǳⳡС䱦ġ
ҶĿ
䱦׻᣿ѵƽʮ֮һ䱦ٰ䱦׻᣿֪ܲҵһҵӦûвСİ
ھ¥һ¥ҵһæµŸڿ˶˲赹ˮСⳡ׻
ǵСҶǲҩõĵӣҵæЦǺǵλС磬֪ɡ䱦ĻƳϣѾѱ¥¥ÿʮ죬¥ٰһ䱦ｻ׻ᣬһν״ԼüʮСĴǰμ䱦ġҰºҩҩƷ״ᣬҲ䱦ĻƳϺ͹õһ죬׼ڱ¥С
ĹͶൽˣ䱦׻ƺܿҪʼݡ»΢һ㣬ϲ¥
СЦСĵҶء


63 ƽ
Ҷֻǲҩõһͨҩѧͽݣȷûʸϸ᳤Ƽ¥¥䱦׻ᡣ
εԳһ£Ҫ˵ʱͻȻһԼһʲô䱦䱦Ƴ϶ǰ͸˵ֻҪö䱦ʱؿȥƣӦϵĽ׻ᡣ
⣬ת뿪
һ֮Ҷٴλص¥
ʱһװȫھ£ͷŶңϱһ߳ķ溮󵶣Ĩһζ嵭ҩǰǸƳϵغˣֳˡ
Ҷؾٲֵ¥ڣһ¥ͨ¥㣬Լ¥ϱ¥¥¥¥ݿڴͦص䱦ľ´󺺡
´ǿһŶҵĺǿʲôɻ
Ϊһ´󺺣סҶصȥ·ֳȵλֵܣ¥Ѿ䱦ˣھн׻ᣬֹ֮¥ֻ䱦Ĺͣܽ档ֵܳʾ˵
ҶҲû˵ֱӴӻóһöָСӲӵĻƽСƣһ¡
Ϊ׵ĴĿһ
䱦ԭҰƳϵĹͣʧʧ񣡻ƳԸֻҪ˳䱦ǰ֪ͨ룬С֪ͨƳϣй١
Ǵ֪ƽСƵҪԣҶؽ˽״Ȼ첽뿪¥һ˽˺⣬ȥһƳϡ
ڡ
Ƴһ̴ľϣСĵĲһһϡ䱦˿ڼסǲһȾ
ʮ䱦ǽ׻ͷϷ
ÿν֮ǰƳ϶ϰԵĽǴ״̬ǿ߽࣬ۼۡʱ䣬ͨǲκġ
ſڳһٵĽŲüͷ
һºſͣ£ҴƳϣһ˳䱦ǰμӽ䱦׻ᡣķԸֻҪ˳ǰκʱ򣬱
Ƴ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ̴ľϻȻվ𣬺ϸһ˿쳣ļ
Ǹ
˲ڲõ䱦󲽳˺ᣬĽ״ȥ
ǻ´æ棬ʮֲ죬Ƴڵļ̬˿һ䱦صĴϵӣԵЩçײǸ˾ʲôˣȻûƳ
Ƴϼ֮ɫԱ
ˣ£Ǹغٴγˡ
ֻԼ֪Ϊʲôļ
Գĳˣһ軻һ˵壬һУϤòһηѾõĻ䡣
˵ǻǶʮǰ顣
ʱƽݵĽƽݵĽȫͬ
ʮǰƽݾһصǿƼ壬Ļһֿƽʮᡣصļֻʮİǵļ̳֪Ĵڡ巢ÿһƽʮİִУһƻ
Ǹʱƽݽ򡢰ʵλȫؼСиڷİᣬܰģСܰ书ôǿжôܣƽݾһĴᣬðؼȨĻĸ߲㡢Ҳһҹ֮伯ʧӰ٣ʬ޴棬ʵһҹ֮䱩һǧɡ
ƽѾϰ֮áʱһƽʮ֮УҲûκһᣬҷؼͳΡ
ʮ꣬Ƴϵʱʮ꣬䱦в׳ĵӣͬʱҲ䱦һΰϣļ̳ѡ֮һ
Ϊ䱦ļ̳ѡ֮һ䱦һϰһϡʯϡصݡľϡ֮ֵܼߴҶӣ͸Ǹ峤Ϊ䱦ÿһεĹƷ
ҽӴǸһĻǸĳԱһ档ǸڳԱԼˣСŮ
ÿһ˾˵Ǿϵļ
Ȼˣû˼Ƕ䣬Ĺ綼Ѿˡ
Ǹ峤еĻ֮󣬽ֻʮʯľмСȫ峤Ϊķϰһ١
ϰҿ԰
Ǽ峤ϰһ֮ºʹһ˵꣬ٲġ鵤ҩ䱦ϰ䱦ϰ͸ʯľȥŵ鵤ȡЩʯ
ϰ鵤֮أʾˡ
ȻһεĽֻۼһΡ
֪ʲôԭؼгԱһҹ֮ʧӰ٣Ҳûгֹȥû֪ʮȻҲֹͣһεĽ
ƳʼûŪһ飬ΪʲôǴ󳵵ʯûֻʮСʯľпһʯ޷ΪʲôǸؼ˾ܿǵ
һ޽š
һζʮȥ䱦һϰλƽһͻİѡ˵Уδܵ䱦ıǳ䱦ϯϡ
ǸͳεƽʮᣬҲ֮ɰ󣬲ܵǸκԼʮᣬƽݽ֮λľҲ漤


64 ٰ
ԴӶʮǸصļʧ֮󣬱㽥ʧļһеΪֹҲ˻ƳϵһԶĻ䣬
ǶǰһصĺͻȻҵֱһ軻һ顰ʯҪṩʯݡ
ƳϵʱоԼЩϤֻһʱûܻ
º󣬻Ƴ˼ڼηʮ֮õ¡
ȻԼλغˣǸͳƽʮؼ壬ƣһʶλľûᡣ
̾Ϣ
ǸĳԱĻôζţؼ壬һεĳƽݾڡֲʵֶΣһͳƽʮᣬ׾ٵ顣
Ȼͳƽʮ֮ãֻռȤԽȴȤȥ洦
ϰ߷һλˣƽݽеλ屣ճϵ
ʮǰֵĴҩϰ
ΪϵҩﵱŴһλʮͰᣬ̻һڶһԾƽʮС
ƳеģϣԼܹΪ״ˡ
Լܹٶȸʱ򣬾ʶؼĳԱǰƽΪ˵Ļôִƽʮԣƽˡ
Ǹʱһ䱦ϯϣƽʮ֮ϵĴˣεȵ硣
Ƴÿÿһ̣һ뵽ȵĿҪڵıˡ
ǵЩʱѾԵЩ١
Ϊغ˶ǰʯ֮󣬱ʧӰ٣Ҳûг֡¶ңǽװ磬޷׷˵ȥ
һƳһֱڻںʹϧֻԼʱûغˣûниĽ̸Ȳ֪Ǻ˵ʱסҲ֪ȥϵǺˣֻȺٴţȡʯ
ǻƳϵ£ٳٶûм¶棬ȵĽ٣ҹܼ尾֮ࡣ
ով´˵һλ˳䱦˽׻᳡ûƳ϶ʱеϲ콵һӴĽɽһ
ˣصĺٴγˣ
ǻ첻ˣҿһö䱦λصĺˣ治֪سǵãã˺Уȷϳһ˲ԼҪҵؼ
Ƴ˷ܣŲɵٴμӿ֡

¥¥´󺺹Ŀ£Ҷ΢ѹһ¶ңٲ¥׻᳡֮ڡ
ĴڣڶĻƣƻͨǽչʾ̨һʦһڳʾķ̶ȡ
ĵط˴ԼϰŹϯ
׳ϴԼ˶ͣһߺȾƣһ߾䱦ֳΪ֡
Ⱥμӽ׻Ĺˡ
һǸ߲㣬Ⱥ
һĶкͣǵж
ʸμⳡ䱦ϯϻƳϣС䱦׻ģƽݸ߲㣬ϡ֮࣬һĸ߲
ÿռһӣҲ˿Եӵ
ʣµʮɢҲǽĶкͣһ࣬ߺȾƣ֣ƽݽϷµ¼
ҶŶҡ£ݣǰμӽ׻Ķкͣ
Щˣ񣬲ں֪Լӵбһֶпͣñ֪Լñ֪Լ䱦עⱣԼݣ⵽㡣
ҶسɨһۣڴƫƧĵطһط¡
ƤͻȻ͵һ¡
Ҷؿ׳ǰŵһϯλмϤˣҩõˡΪҩҩõҩеġҩҩƷ״ᡱıضȻǼءǵϯҲڰ׳Ŀĵط
ϷһĿľӣҩһϯλ
ҶɻȻҩҩسǣҩõһԳԼǲҩõˣ˵Լҩˡںܶĳϣ󲿷ʹõĶǡҩáơôһ£ҩӸˣ
ҩһϯһˡ
ҶصĿɨͬˡ
Уһü֮ԵḡưЩĻ꣬Ž̨ϵǰѱָָ㣬ϼ䡣
òϵߣɫ̫ѨͱȻǸڼҶ֡
ǿԼϵߣλ֣ȻǻɫЦݵĲʱάг̲ѡǻֱ¶׵ƨȻܡ
ҶЩơ
ǰδ˶
ҽ˵ͽлƣг޴սֵĹؼʱǲȥһлƵ״һλμӽ׻ᣬ⻪ʲôˣ
ʱڵĵһֱڴԣҩ̳Ҫɴ졣˵ҩ꣬Ҫδﱸ¹͡Īǣҩٰϣٰô˴ǰǸҩƷйϵ
Ҷͷһ
ŲһƫƧϯҩһ̫Զһ˵ʲôĶֻҪʮ֮ڣӷɹҲֺܹ


65 ƽ𻢵ʸ
Ҷڴһǣ˺һüͷҩٰ˿ûἰҩƷ飬Խ̨ϵ쳣ĸȤγ֣²ĸ䱦൱ߵļ۸²ٵǱ֮ĶȻˣⱦ֮ǲĶȴûʲôô
ƳϴʱҴҴ᷿ĳڱȥܿھ´󺺵ָ£ڴƫƧһϯλҶء
еȥͻȻ뵽ʲôȴӲסˡ˿̴ڸĸ߲㳤ϡ̫࣬Ϊ䱦ϯϣÿһϸ΢ٶǳע⡣ɲñİ߲㣬Ǹе
С䱦׻ԼһʱŽʮ䱦ɫֹȥڱͽɢ¥¥ָ徲ֻʣ䱦ʮ´󺺣¥䡣
ƳѾȵĽԴҴҹȥδ뿪Ҷأĸ¡
Ҷһ£ͬˡһε壬ʯȫ꣬һµʯֲ¶ݡλ䱦Ƴӵ䱦ʯǻʯݵ;
Ƴһ˿⣬ֻҪλصĺ˴ϳߣΪṩҪʯе⡣Ϊ˵ϣԽԽ󣬶ƽݽʮ֮ϵȨߵľҲԽԽ
ƳϷԸڴ󺺲ÿ״һ᷿ȻҶصĺ䡣ڴСһĳƤӣƳϽеһ΢СһƤӣϣȻЯѽȻͬԿף򿪡
ֻ䡢顢觡֬񡢻īĿж֮ࡣһӵʯֵֻ²ǧöҶ֮ߡ
ֵܣԴϴ˵ҪʯݣұģԸ䱦ĵӽռʯȫһ䱦ϡʯݼҩУҰĵӺռݡ
سǣ˭һƽӵиϡʯˡĿǷҪģֻҪģѡ
Ƴָһָڵʯ԰Цݡ԰ͬʱȴһ˿ԲǫԼӵµһͳƽݽǿҰġֻҪܴԸҶصĽϸɵҲޱ⡣
Ҷص˵ͷÿɷ񣬴һöһöʯȡһ
Ƴ΢΢ЩţҶصɫҶܴôһʯҲÿĳЩ󣬿ܲܡڡΪҶЧʯûһҪ治ô顣
СĹҶѾĿĶٿϡʯһ顣Ŀһϣꡣ
ߣӡ󣬺سǴ̵֮һôƳˣ
䱦⼸ŸմسѰҵġ
Ƴæһ£ҶеһߣдһһҲ˳ƺƤһЩˡ
Ҷֱӽ䱦ôŪģֵʯǾ³ġɣǮ㻻Ҳɡ
λֵܣҷĲաһССĽ飬һƽպרΪԼļ壬ƽһ֮ڣרռʯһҶ䱦ȫѰضΪѰʯҲòʯ̫١֪ҵ飬Σ
ƳСĿҶصɫĽ顣
Ҷ΢΢
Ƴ˵ʲô
Ƴϵ̫ڹ˳ɴһʹһǫ͹ѷĳֿ⡭仯Ҳδ̫˵ɡ
УΪԼΪļרռʯƳ仰ʲô˼ѵƳΪƽĳˣ
Ҷзɿ˼ƳϵĿ⣬䡣
Ƴѵǰʶʲô߲ɣϹ˵ƽݾֻһɼ塣ȻǶʮǰ飬ϼڶѾ塣ƽһɼ壬ܲ˵ѵƳʶʮǰϼˣʶʮƽݳֹ֮ˣ
ҶسĬˡ
Уһ˿ɱ֮
Ƴϣʲô˼ĲգѵΪһʯɣ
ƳԴ󼱣æֻͣҵһСС⡣Ϊʯ֪ϰߣʯġʯ
ƳڼʮɵİգǰˣʮǰǸؼˣǾԸԼΪ˵ĴûģҪ˵ˡ
Ҷһ֣ϻƳϵĻЩ޹ؽҪֻ㣬Ǵ֪ңҵļ飿֪Ķ˵򡭡ߣ֪
Ҷɫ˵һɲв֮ġ
س֮磬Ҷ˵һһ֪ƽϼû߻ţȷϼ壬ɼĴڣһв
һƳй©Ϣ¶ߵĴڣǿĲ㡢ĸˣܻ֮ܿ֡
ɽĲпᣬǿֻϱԿһߡԱϼĸǿɱˣĲ㡣ֺԼϸھ綷
һеһУҶص˼ڸ߶Ⱦ״̬СĽ¡
ƳϲܸһĴ𸴣ֻܽʱܴвҪɱƳϣڵ˵ҲǾ֮Ͷѣһ縿ֱӸ㶨


66 
Ƴϲæڶʮǰ䱦ϰʯ飬һһʮĶ˵˳
ҶʵķǳϸŶԭôһ¡֪ʲô
֪ʮİͼ̳˽֪Ĵڣǲ֪κϸڣϡסַòѧʲôЩͳͳǼ߻ܣҵȸ֪飬ֻ¶ѡҴǹÿһֱϵʮᣬϽɹƷϵ塣
ˣҩһϰ֪һЩΪڶʮǰǹ״ˣΨһϵˡǾ֪ʮҩҲʧȥ˸ϵʮƽݽᣬɢ״̬ȱҾãӦóһˡ
Ƴ̬ȹǫشҲǳϸҶ֤ĻǷʵӰ쵽ΣԲ˿ҩĹϵûдˣԶЩ顣
Ƴϵлش֮Ҷаһң֪Ҷడٻ֪ǸϹ峤ԣ˶ʮˡ
ҶضԻƳһһʮʵش𣬻ϸе⡣
㣬ʮƽݵʮᲢûɼӹܣôƽݾںܿѾûߡĴӦǱȽϰȫġ
ȻֻһССƲ⣬ܾԿ϶
Ž㲻ãκðա䱦ĻƳΪã涯䱦Լռʯע⡣Լں棬ܹ󽵵Լֱӱ¶ķա
Ҷö⣬㽫ƳշΪԼ¡
˳㲻Ľϵͷһá
ڸ㣬ϣҵļϼ塣Ҽ峤ͼֵܽڼδϼ峤¡
㲻ֵ̫ܱˣҪ̫ע⡣Ժ󣬾ƽ𻢣רƽݾռʯ飬㲻Ҫ֪ҲضʡֻҪ֪ڿʼϼֻˣƽݣϼ£ֻҪҵķԸ¾Сƽ𻢣ҲΪҼµĴˡֻҪΪϼºͣҾġ
ҡлԺǰΪֵܣ˽³ΪӽƾǲΪϼͿءȻϵɽ»𺣣Ҳǡ
ƳϴϲһʱǺҾһԱ죬ֽŶ֪ηˡ˶£ҹ尾ڵȵһˡƽʮ֮ϵϼһְ䵽ˡ
ϵɽ»𺣣ֻҪΪռ㹻ʯˡȻˣ˵鷳Ҳģ
Ҷص˵꣬ͻȻ֡

᷿СĿռڣͻȻһɹĲһƵɫķ羢ȻƾճҶֵϷƣżع죬˾η
ʲô
ƳһһָһƷ磬Ͼ졣
ͨķ磬ڼĳľ磬һ־ͻʧõĴ֮ϡǣȴǹһҶ֮ȥˡ
Ҷزûнͣǳ᷿ĳЦȥһ£ȻָһָһƷ磬쬵ľǽ̴ֻͨһһصڵϣ˵
ƳһͷԸ²ÿ᷿Ȼ͵
ƿæ󲽳ȥֻһľ´Եſڡ
Ǿ´һСͷĿһֵˮ׼ȴһƷͷס޷ԽյԽ뼡֮УֻǴյĵ۵ļ衣
´󺺼ƳϳԽ֡
˭ģ
󺺽ͣһԡ
ߣΪ˵Ϸ㲻֪𣿳䱦İ˭ܰѰڲ嵽ϷԣϰʮˣǶϷܲ𣿡
Ƴɫӵҧгݡ
Ҷػ˸ᡣ
ڸ͵кһˣٵܡƳϣôҶ˵ˡ˽ҲʣߣҪϸһ²С
֪ôұضᾡһߵˣֹڷκƵϢй©
Ƴ̹ѷĵͷ̧ŲǴ󺺵Ĳϣɫޱ飺ļһӵĺ²㱻ˡһʹ꣬´󺺵ĲѾȵķϡ´󺺲ҽһ鴤£һڴ۵Ѫ۶ˡ
Ҷۿš
һۼǰɱǲ֪ΪʲôоȻûһ˿ûʲôرĸоСʱŵľڲҩõң˱ƤȥˣҲǳԭ򣬶Ѿû̫ĸд
ǳ¡
֮Σ飬Ѿʲô
¥¥ܿԶܹ´󺺣ǾŵŻƳϺߵĺˣ֪ʲô顣
Ƴϻ֣ǰʬ̧ߡ´󺺵˻ƳϵķԸ֮󣬲Ҷԣ̧ȥĴ󺺵ʬ¥سǽҰҷظˡ
ҶغͻƳϣŻص᷿ڡ
Ҹղõɼҷ縿רġסʮͷţֻҲϡķúܡ֪Ϊʲôϼͳƽݣȴ˿Է𣿡
Ҷƽ˵һղʹõֶΡҪƳΪãԼѰʯòСڱҪʩƳϲ˿֮ġ
⾹ȻǴ˵еɼҷ
ƳϾҶأһɾκˡ
ǧ˱һֱһЩ˵УǼδۼҲһֱڲ²ʵݣһֱΪһӵкܶߵļ壬ȴû뵽վǰģȻһλˣϼ˼壬Ҳġ


67 س
ҹҶغͻƳ̸֮Ϣ뿪¥
ΪûƳܸȥռʯŵƳôһǸƳ鵤ҩ֮ʥҩ鵤ҩ˵ǿԪΪͨ˵ٲҩǣҶشӦֻƳϳΪϼƽݵĴˡΪƳеΣǳΪƽʮ֮ϵĴˣϼƽݵĽ
Ȼô̾Ͷ֡
ҶʮԼʵսʤƽݾκһ߶㹻ˡƽʮϼͳѾʮ꣬ôִڣڸǳǧЩ˵ʵСҪƽʮڶٴηӡϼ塱ĹѶȼߡ
һпʵ˵ĽڵʵûаһЩ֡
ҪļҪȥʮᣬΨһҪ飬Ƕ䱦ΪѰҵʯ
ҶطԸƳϡ
ÿֻҪôһʯ㹻ãҪһ꣬ܽ뵽ġ㣬ﵽԵʵһߣҲıǮ֮ǰһվɣçײĳ嶯
ǣһаķԸ£
ƳǫҶΪʲôһƽʮᶼ¡
ҶصҲӣֻ³ưƽݽĳ嶯ΪҶؾľѰʯֻҪáе⣬˵ı綼ģαż
ҶزûиƳѰİ취ԼƳϿ¥¥ĴϹҳһ鲻۵СľӣҶ·ƼˣԻ
Ҷ뿪¥سǹ˼Ȧȷ˸֮󣬲ŷصϳ˽СԺȫ׺¶Ҷɲҩѧͽ֮ŻصҩõСԺʯݡ
һɡСδƻڶ䳡ۿҩлƴʦֵĳ޴ս
Ҷطһ¶ԼĴϥ鵤תΪԪΨһľԼΪ˷ʱ޹صϡ

գ賿ʱ֡
ڴƣŽʯݡһɫɥǳʧСȴ˷ܣС
СƼҶһڴϱĿЦĵ٩˵
ϣһģʦֻڷڹʦҿڹʵҲûʲôҲǿһǶѡıţǿ׳ͷţֻҲ򲻹κһѧյʦֵܡ˼ѧһŹڹʦṦˣ֮سֶһú
󲿷ڹĴƣǴͬС졣ÿһֹϸ΢ĲͬԹǴӴϣҶʲôҲ֪ʵڹ
ҶѾ֪СƶĶûûҲûһɵôôͻˣлƴʦֵ̨𣿡
⻹˵˵лƴʦֽ˵ڰ֣Ȼˡлƴʦִ򵽵ʮ˸սߵʱ򣬱㱻һԻưһ̨ôಹҩ裬ǲҩõĳϰʱ䣬Ҳûܴڰ֡ǵлƴʦ֣붥ֻǲôһʵ
СлһͨлƵʧܣԵúܿġϾĲ书ϲ̨ܿҩǿҲ˱һֵʮֿĵ顣
һȴ̲סյͷлƴʦڶʮ꣬Ҫܶ꣬ȵʮʱٴ⳵̨϶ܽڰ֡ϧˡ
޴ս̨ÿ׶ε̨һֻܴһΡ
ڶʮһ굽ʮʱڣлȡսôֻܵȵʮһ֮󣬴ʮһ굽ʮ׳ʱڳ̨ˡ
޴սǽȨߵһʵֶΡ̨ȡõս׵õ˵ĹϡɥʧһһɳĻᣬպֻķʽˡ
лƴֻ֣ᱻΪһе͵Ǿ붥֣ôһߡ֮䣬֮лڲҩòǱ޶ʮ꣬ȴûܼȥڹһδ붥ֵСҪܹ꣬˵һٳɹˡ
Ҷ꣬ҲлƸеϧ
Ҳֻϧôһ¶ѣϱ㽫Ժ
лƴʦֿ˵ͽ嵽ҲǼɫսǰ;ԶעպƲҩѡȲҩõͨӲ֪϶ٱñȥٰġ
Ҷʱ䣬ܺԼ顣ֻҪڲҩڴһ죬Ҫһҩòҩѧͽı֣ÿ춨񣬲ڲҩð׻췹ԡʣµʱ䣬ѧ᲻õĻ
СҶֻ˱ĿôһɻΪлƴʦͷսܶ˸Уû˼СٸȤͷľϺ˯ֲһҹսδ˯ľ⡣

Сʱһζܿ쵽ҩСҩҩƷ״ᡱӡ
سҲԽƽʮͰᡢСͰİǸ֮ĸ߲㣬·ǿ
ҩƷ߽ر֮Ӱ쵽һķչǰ;ҩδĳͨҩƷϡҩƷ¹ش󣬼аԸȱϯⳡʢᡣ
ҪһǣΪľҶڵķǿʹ÷ĳ־ϲʹ÷ʩٶȻҲݡ
Ҷؿڼʱڣַϵʩչ縿ˮľɳȻԷо̫á
ʱڣҩҲһЩµı仯ҩһлƣΪ嵽޴սĵ֣һҹ֮ǣΪϱõ
ҶһȵģлƻὫ书쳣飬й©ȥҶزǣлƺûиκ顣
ʱ䣬ҩһ糣ڵĵɰһֻۻĵͼӣδ߿һۡҩʦҲûгǰҶطһлֻҲ֪һͨͼУлƵ𺦿ɲС
ҩϣٰлĸȤԵлеӣպسǣύĺѣϾƹҤӣ֡
˺׾ٰܿ£лƣлƳΪĸΪպҩһΰ֮λ׼ҩû㹻ǿ֧֣ΰĶӣպֻҲδصǵϰıٰȻЩ竣Сеġ


68 ϼ
ҩسҩƷ״ᣬǰҹ
һûκα־ĴݣҹɫͷæĽУ͵ִسǣʻҩõլϣٰ԰ţסͲʸסĶԷԺ
ԺΧǽ棬жʮɵҩһ֣׮׮ȷһֻӶɲȥǱԺ棬ȴûһˣϢ
λʦѾˡһѾźãеϴһӦȫߵĽߡдΣȫµĺľҾߣûմȾκηӵϢ
ϣʻԺһ¥ǰͣ£ȻǰϣʱַļǾɫȣ԰鸡ףȻΪ˷ܶһ˿
ϵҲҩİ꣬ǰλʦٲҩãӭӡλʦƽݵˣƽݾڣܳҡҪֻǽǵĻϲΪʦѧ÷صôҽпܳһλˡ
ϣ֮ǰ⼸ʦǴδۼʩչʲôصЩŽɡϵĻһǾԣɲš
ϯ򿪣һʮߴͷ׹ڣ۷£ѥֳһ߳һĹĵСƮƮмɷǵĵõģһϸȻ
ߵĮϣһֱۣ¥ȥ
ϣϵĿɨһۣͷһȻèƵģ˫ȷͨһ¡аһҵѽͷ۾ôϵϬ
ˣһİװ
һʮСӣϻЩȻȱ飬СԺĶ
һǶʮ꣬ӥǣһĳ˭ǷǮƵġĴһ±ԺܵĻƼڵϵϣϢĺһ߽¥
ϣžѹԾЩæǵĺ档¥֮󣬰ߺе˸¡
ֻϣǫվţ
ƽѯʣϷԸ飬ôˣ
ʦҪռһЩϡѾռࡣ
ϣ̽Ѿ׼ãڴڵһڴľӣİ˹򿪣ȻױƵģĽټϡһһʸ߹ۿ
ǵƿ򰲸һֻƿ칤ռ临ӣֵٽҶ
ǡϼѧڹķһöҶŴӽ׻ġ
佻˵ǰƽݺպ佻彣࡭
ϣδੲݵĽռıȴ˿ûע⵽˵ɫ
ǰѾŭ
һ䣬һǿƽڴľ͵رҷɨУƷټһȫ˳ضǡ
ĿһɨӹνıʱȻŭȣͰϷռ˭ռЩģںŪϷ򣿣
ϣŵһſڵϣɵˣô֪߻ЩĲ⣬ֻԩʦ²ҺŪʦǣЩǷǺõ䱦佻Ժװѱ˵ϣԹġ
죬Ȼ˵ǾϷ򿴿ж
һָ⡣Ǻ죬ƺڱﾢͷϲϸܵĺ顣
ϣʱɴ۾װڸʲô
һһСȻӰߵָСѸ׳һСŹĺɫ棬ָϷȵĸ£
ϣӶɵԲĹĵģʲô⡫ɻѵϵ˵ǰ˶Ǵ˵еˣĲɣ
߼ڳˣɰһ£ڶĹʩչǵõʱʩչûĻǿɼ򵥶ˣֱ÷ֽȥǡʣĻ̫ޣʡһһţڿɲȶʮǰܹӻ
߽ʩչһ䣬Ϣĺɫ棬̳ϣǰ佻ȥڱϣꡱȼգ۾ԿüٶѸۻ֭
ϣ״ȻæȼıڵϣƬ̹ǰѱŻȼ³ΪҽҺû£ŽϨ
ϣŵĴģ޷ŻȻ֮ȼա
֣߳ߣҲ֮ǷһաϷռ㾹ȻһЩӦϷҪǿҩĶӵķϣϵĴˣΪϳϷͷûõĶ
ϣɫҰףԶʱŵòɢﻹҶ˵֣ͷڵϣɡʦʵڲ֪ʲôʦʾ


69 ɱƻ
ʩչ֮Щƣ룬һ֣СӰ̫οˣѰҲһɵ顣Ҫ飬ǽҩƷᣬƽʮչϼĹϽ֮¡ˣ
ϣæɳģҵڸڵڳϡӭӸ·죬ⳡء˵ˣȫİţһЭλɳƽʮͷͷȫסһ򾡡ƽϼҵƽݡɳΪͽ¡
úȥֻҪˣϷԻῼΪͽɼѧǳ֮ѧϷĸˣȻѧƽӹɵеġȥɣﰭˡ
ǣλɳЩϢ밲
ϣͷ¶ǫı飬˳ã¶ˮʪ͸ˣһζֻ˼ȫڸղߴӦΪͽĿϲ֮УȻδ
ϣߺ󡣴ڵˣȻŵ˿еһ˿üͷַȥζһЦȷҲɣǻ֮㲻Ϊͽɣ
أҡͷϼʮȻЩʽ΢Ҳû䵽ּõĵزҪǴȥһպϻôɽ㰡СӵȷеӵʮڣҲһ㶼ˡͽΪգ£ҩȫͶֻǲȨ֮ƶѣ档ǼһϹһͷֻҲշʮᡣ
񲻱ǰˣҪǻڶʮǰܻڣǿʵƽʮᣬ˭ҿ԰֣ϧʮǰϳڿݣͷϼǳսĶܡĲĴ󲮡ĴɩˡֻʣʵոմﵽһҼʱ˻ؼ壬ֵؽʮܷ꣬ϼ׷ɱ
ϼʮ֪Ϊʲôûƽẉ̂һ˺֡ʮأǼ۵鵤ʯľûԴ֮·ӼѡȲѣֻܴð³ɽ
ʲ̫ܵԶʮˣ޵ڶ㡣кܶϵĸˣֵֻܿܶˡһʮڶ㣬һʮһ㣬ҵǿ
кȻģƾкʣֻҪ㹻鵤ʯ϶ʮ֮ڽ㡣ʮ֮ڣﵽҵĸ߶ȣͶݷϼѪҳҪ
нҲ˵ͷ˵ģֻҪøڣϼûô˥ȥһЭø磬塣
ĵ˵ͷһ£С˳ϸĴ򿪡һʮſݻɫķֽÿֻаƴСֽϻһЩŤķţӷֽݻƵɫȥƺЩˡ滹߰˿ʯơࡢȵȸ졣һɫƣһ·⻹ĸСƿĵҩᱡĹ׵Ʒ
ߴһֽгʮõģ룬־Щʹ̫ݳޣŻȥ˼š
ŷֱֽ𽻸кнܸţɫص˵ҩƷ״ϣֻ»һսƾһССҩҪסŴᣬ顣ǲܰϣҩϣ»ǵԼֲаա
ϼļҵˣǶÿһŽշһɱʱǹ룬ʮ౶һʯǶ˷ÿһ飬ʱĵķټѾյķЩ׼˽еľ֣Ҳһٻɱ
Ҫɱ𣿡кУһ˿Ѫ˷ܣݷʮֶ꣬صܹˣڿԺú÷йһ£üˡ
Ŀһݶ֮ɫţƽʮľ֣֡һﾡһϼֻҪԷ֮ˡѰʯЩͨĿϳԿĽ˾ˣЩ书ǿ˷ûκôǵĴڣϼû洦ֻˡɱǶ٣ºٸҩһЩôСΪϼĴˣҩˡ
ҩҲɱǲǸһ𣿡
нܺǳһ
ЦҩﵱȻ⡣һɱһŽշֻֽάʱķѵǻ˼ȥֱ˭ҩ˭ҩ㲮ԻڣΪ磬ǵȻ²ߣɱЩˡֻʣҵˣʵҪЩе֮ͽĸԸķӵǲΪϼѰѶȼ󡣴սһٲʮĶϸ֣պҲ޷ƽ㡣ܶЩųжϣви֮ʣһ㣬Ҫøúѧһѧ


70 ҩƷ״
գƽݸڴѾõҩҩƷҩĴᣬس¡ؾУسǽֺͷæĽʱڡεҩƷҩĴὫʮ֮࣬£ҩʮڻĴҩƷҩģԽ׵ķʽ۳ȥ
ҵĲͬҩƷҩĽ׻Ĺ͵Ҳͬ
ҩƷҩĽ׻ᣬس¥Уط䱦ƽ𻢻ƳѡĳӡǰʱƳٰС䱦׻ᣬЧ
¥Ķ׻ᣬֻƽʮİϯϵȸ߲⼶ּαʸμӣ۵ĶƷϡҩƷҩġ
΢һεҩƷҩĽ׻ᣬسó׼ϴ̨УҪͰĸ߲ٰ֮УҲڼֿĵطˣƷҩƷҩġ
ͨҩƷҩĽ׻ᣬƽݾǧټƵСͰ͸ңΪֻ̫࣬سĻҰյϻһʮĵ̨̣нף۵Ĵ󲿷ƷƷҩƷΪ
ͨĽ׻ᣬһͿʼˡ
¥ĶҩƷҩĽ׻ᣬҩ䱦һ֣ϽС
¥ڲû᳡ʮڱҲûеִֻвҩõʮִӣԼ䱦ʮ´󺺣ھ¥Ѳӡ
ʱ֣Ƴϡ
سǵĴСջ̣ҼһͥլԺſڣһյҩ﷢ŵĴسյƻͨǳŨصϲա
¥ǰʮƽʮ졣
ɷΧڵֵѾһգ˵һɲÿҩҩлΪ׵ʮִӣ¼ͦأվ¥ǰ
ҩˡΪҩﱾÿڶվſڣӭƽʮ߲αļ١
ϵܣòϢƾٰ
֣ϸڹ̫Ѿ¯ĵزҩѾ¥Ϲ֣Լλϸݹ٣¥룡
룡
ƽʮλĩľ֣ϣȳִｻ׳һк֮緢¥¥
ʱ֮ƽʮϼĸ߲½ڸ뺷󺺵Ļ£ݵִ¥
ưӰΰ䱦ƽʮеÿԼ߲ϯ¥Ľ״ڣѾۼʮƽʮǿ߲㡣࣬ÿһȴǶһţƽݽĴ
⣬ÿλٴϰһΪеĻ¥һ֮פһֵߴǧ֮ڡ
ƽݣֵһĹִĸ߲㣬ҲޣһͰһʮҲǺܶˡ
мһ֡һֵһʵ˵ʱ¥ۼǧ˵Ӵһֶ飬һҹ֮ƽκһͰᡣ

ƻʱ֡
سǶϳ˽լСԺ
һ̵ӰСԺڵʮľ׮ϼƶżľ׮һ㣬ڳԶȻһľ׮ϣһ֮䣬ӰСԺһȦ˿ƶ˳յĹߵСƼˣֻ»Ϊһ翵ĹӰƮҶء
ͻȻҶͣһľ׮ϡ̯УɫŹֵ߬ŵһɫʯ
ʯɢһ˿΢ƣֱ۾ھ硣徭ɺԵصõˮһֳĸо
µϰҶضѾȽ˿̲ϰһֵⷢ󡪡ʯȻԲʩչĵķ
һֱǰʯһַϣϸֲ¶ݣȻ¯¶ɽ¶֮תΪԪǿԼԪΪ
죬ﴧһʯϰʱȴⷢʯԶĲĵķ
ܲ졣
ʯв䷨ĹЧ
пյʱһʯĲ䷨ٶȣֲܻȴʵʵڵڲϵĽв䡣ԼһʱָܻƽʱҪʱָܻķ
ʯʩչʱزĵķֻҪʯ㹻ԼһֱʩչȥһҲû⡣
ʯ;Ҷظеľϲ


71 Ƴϵ
ߵķ˵ֻҪѧˣܷӳǵǱ뿿£ʮ겻ϵķ̶ܾͨȵķӳ
Ϊͼ߾ڴķޣʩչ΢һķɳ֮࣬װȫķľ֮󣬱ֻܿȴȻָʱһࡣһڣ޷ʹ÷ˡ
ÿһλߵķָٶҲǷǳ޵ģֻȴָȻƿԼÿһλߵķȡ
ҶÿڷܵϰԼյǰַһ֮ķĽߣ޷ϰȥ
ֻܿոһյϰǿ̶ȡ
ҶĲ²⣬ͻƿİ취Ӧñʹʯ֮ĶܵĻøʯ϶ǳа
뵽Цһ¡
䱦ĻƳ϶ܵ䱦ӵÿҲֻΪѰҵһҵʯѡֲ¶ݻӲأôʯݳ޵ȥϰ
ҲϻĸߣôĶÿķϡ
ʯӦӦΣĹͷʱĲ䷨
Ҷؽʯľ׮󲽽СԺש߷һºͶңȥ¥һˣȥ䱦ĻƳϡ
ʱ·¥ĴϹһ鲻۵СľƣСľϿžʱͻƳԼ緽ʽ
ƳҪַʽźšɫľƣʾǽ硣ֵͨ·ˣ޷¥ϵСľϿŵʱҶص˵ȴǺܼ򵥵顣
ҶؾȥһˣƳϾʲôôʱҪȻƳϸԼҪһʱԻƳϻ޷ԷģһʱȥֳҲ׼
ŵʱҶһ£ΪԼլԺſھȻһյ΢ҩǵĴҡҷƫƧС￴ȥҼһſڼôһյ
΢΢һüͷ
ҩʲôʱô󷽣ǧ򻧾ĵһʲСǮ
ʱ֣ҶһϮ¾װͷңһöƽ䱦¥һ֮ĵطĴƬѾ䱦ҩĵӸַˣڶѲСڽ䱸ֹѰ߶
Ҷ̲סһΪһ̣ЩѲߵ󣬿ٵƮûоκһͻ¥ΧĲڣ¥ԱƫƧ۵Ӱĵš
һʱ䣬ۿƽʮ߲٣¥ЩνʮĶ֣ûмֻˣĿ͵Ľаݡ
Ҷ֪ҩн׻ӣҪһ׻س¥ڽСȻⳡ׻ᣬֳ֣Щ⡣
ʮĸ߲㣬Լվھ¥ſӭĲҩλȣ¥֮Ҳ˻ƳϸҶԼõļʱ䡣
һƳϴӾ¥һĿ⻹ϬڷӰһƹâŷҶصĲ֮æ߹ȥʩ
ˣ
šҪңʲô£
ôһ¡һֱΪѰʯ͸񲻶࣬в֪ҩвٵݣһҩġҩƷжڻҩķǳࡣҹţҩ¥Ķ׻ϣ϶óһϡҩĳף˵бҪݡǰԼһֻҪеݣҳΪ¡
Ҷ׹ԭƳΪ΢΢׵ͷ֪ҩӵеϡҩȷ٣ͨǺлӴЩöġⳡ׻רŽϡҩģһĻᣬ˵ܴҵݡƳѰ﷽棬Ǻܾĵġ
ò
ҶغЦһЦһ䡣
Ƴܳв֪ôľȻΪæҶظ¥
¥䱦ﾢ´󺺣вҩõĽִӣʮƣƳϴ¥λʲôˡǣ˭⵨ӣȥ䱦Դ¥ĹʮӣҲǰȥѯʡ
޾գҶرŻƳ¥¥Ұڽ׻᳡һĿϯ


72 ҩҰ
ƳϲҩƷ׻ġΪ¥¥Ľ׻᳡Ĳãÿÿϯλãһְš
ҶصϯȻҲǻƳⰲŵġλЩƫƧ濿λãµڵһ֣Ŀȴܹ׻᳡
¥Ľ״ڣʱƻͨ˶ӣΪ֡
ǽ̨Ž̨һʮĳϯʮᣬÿһÿҡҩһ࣬ʮˣΪأۣƮݳڡ
⻹αܵʮСϯϡ
ڰƽʱȻǰЦͬݵλʮǰȴǳԻЦк
žžž
ʮ߲ע⡣
ʱҩһϣһλɫվЦݳڱͰһ֣ʾ
أͷһϯذײ£ֻһö׵ΪƷΪڽӴҩĵԵʣϴŵҩζǹŴݵЦ⣬ºţ˸е·һо֮С
ҩİ꣬ƿƽݵҩĴ죬вܣνʮҩϣסҩڽеĵλʵǰǿ١
˶ܲ죬ΪʲôܳȻϣôһ͵ķӣѧһͿ˵竣Ժζͨȥֻҩһΰֻ²ǸΪˡ
ƽݽļ̳УͨӴӣǴһбɫһӡҪĶӱֳɫȻԼ̳аλֲã̳дλϣʮã
վڽ̨˻ʾ⣬һ˿΢Цɨӹڳʮʮ߲㡣
ưӰΰЩ֣Ϥǣӽ쿪ʼҲûʸҩﲢۡ
Ϊϼ˻ˣͳƽϰ꣬ʧ˶ʮɼ壬ٶȻع顣ϼ峤ŵҩϼĴˣƽʮᡣ
ɼɲʵۼ
ȻģϼŵҩϼĴˡ
ϼ峤ӵкʡ峤ӦֻҪҩϼٶͳƽʮĹܹ³֮󣬱ĶϣΪͽܣ
ӴԺңֵһλɢߣ̤֮;ϣպʵϼ壬תΪһеɼ壬ǰ;
ҩ֮λɵǰ;ǰֵһᡣΪҳһɢߣڽҩǰ;ѹⳡʤɵĺ֮ȥˡ
뵽ЦΪңҩѹ϶ֺη
׻᳡ϣܿ찲
λҩٰĵһϡҩƷҩĽ׻ᣬʮܹ뵽ʮȫ߲μⳡ׻ᡣ֮ǰһҪһ飬ٽн׻Ҳ١
һ̬˵Ҫǣӽʼҩʽӹƽʮᡣƽݾаᣬҩ¡
¥¥Ľ״ڣɲǼšҩĸ߲֮⣬Ŵĸ߲㣬ԼЩα໥һۡ
ҩưƽݣ
һ뵱ƽݰ˰ɣѵΪƽŴᣬƽʮ֮ãǳصģ
ͻȻһ̲סЦ
ţڶһȻЦû˰ղŵĻ档
ϵܣҲ̫Ц˰ɡҩʮҲڵ壬ҲʸʶƽݰıλһĻưֵܣҲûҰġ
ϵܣҳԣЦɲҿǾŴ֣ҪһҩǾ֮ѡҩƽһسǵзãҲһҹ֮һɾ
Ŵĸ߲㣬еĴмЦΪҩﲻһЩڳĬǸҩЩ飬ҩ˵ַɻ飬ðƽݽᣬȴ˭Ҳﲻҩ
ô˵Ƕûа굱ʲô˲õвΪһ꣬һҩûʸ˸ܵв
굱ҪӹʮᣬŴĸֻ߲еʮֿЦƽʮеκһᣬưƽݵͷǶǷǳƵʱΪûһ̲ʮᡣ
ʮĸ߲سǣμ⽻׻ᣬӦԸıͻȫ׼¥Χһֻߴǧ֮УǾѵصĿֲս顣ҩ⽻׻ᶯֽţ·Ŵҩʲô¡


73 ɢ
λ԰ղŵǾ仰Цҳ˵ǰ棬ҼȻҰֻ˵ڣǾ˱ʤ֮ġʮ˭Ҫǲձˣɱûλ
Ϭ۾ִгһȣžһ򿪣Ŀ⻺ɨӴŴĸ߲ԡ
ҩĸϡʮˣվңʱ׼սǵɫҲ֪ĻǿЦһԤıľж
ڵգڴӺЦ
ưӰΰ䱦ĸ߲㣬һһȻվɫأסЯıס˽״ڡ
ڣŴԶԶҩ
鵽زҲûлأԲܡֻһʽ⡪ɱ
ڽ죬ΪԼÿһ仰𡣵ҴԲѣڳԣҪѪĴۣú˶סѵҩѺݻųˣҪŴķ
ڲμʮһǵѪɱŵϰλġηһҩв
Щ˵УΪġ
ưİν˶ƳȣıԹˣڱǶʮǰƽݵľ֡ʮ꣬׳꣬ɲ⣬ǽйϵĵһ֡
İԪ׷룬Ị̇ʮ䣬ȴɾ壬ǵǰƽݽʸϵľ֣
ΰϯԼʮ࣬ǿ׳һʮصһɵɵģ˳ơաǶΰĵ׵ܣѧ쳣ڣϧǰ׳գϰ֮һ֪ƽʱһɵɵģһǿᣬһǴƽ޵֣ȻԪҲԸս֣ƽָļ֮һ
ˣڳ书ǿˡһɱ˼žԵáƽݵһư̬ȣֱӹϵһսο
ã
˵˳ĳȣһλȻȻɢͬʮǰҲеһ˿ѹ
ûмŶ֣ʶƽݽ֮λ飬ĳҲֻѣӲҵ档ϵܸҹȻƽаսĳ֮ȻϵܸҷݻǱضˡֳɨһۣʮĺĸ߲㶼ѵƶһ˶Ϻˡ
ٺЦкβɣƳҪƿһһһھ˵ɣҩʶƽݰ֮λԭܼ򵥣ǾʹҩóһƷѵһ㶼ûиоԼѾж𣿡
ڵһСڰ߲ԣɲɫ䣬æԼ״ҩóʵҩҩҲҩֺϷ˵ҩöԸľŴɣǾԿܵġ
Ȼڴ󲿷ֵȴδ˶š
˵ƹݵľƲˣӵδմԴӽسǣҩн䱸Ҿ˳ԵĶǴ򰲸ԴʳûմسİʳҩĶ꣬㻣ҲҪóſںʲôҩĵƣǽҩڣ
֣ΪȻվЦĴԲѡ
öɱˣƽݽϺܳʮСķ¥ﰲŵľƲˡǾİ¶ļͬĺء˵˶ԸŴᣬûסˡ
겻ŲæΪԵõ˵ҵȻԤϵǻжسľƲˡ㽫سٿˮԼسʮﷶΧڵϪԴͷСǿԴʳܲˮʮ֮͹ȰɣⶾΪɢΪ֡һ֣ˮУɫζ޷һ֣Щĵζǳע⣬ԸɴƳζĺװڵڣȼڿ֮УλڡӦöˣӰʱ֣سյƵĵسÿһطһе㡣
ҩרʴڼܹϵλڵֻҩƵҩܻ˶Ҵ˶һ֮ĻʴĽԽ˶ʴֻԽ졣
ڣѾһʱҲ˵λжѾȰλһ䣬ֻҪλӦ˳ҿΪλȥ˶Ӧٺ١ǻɾͲô˵ˡ
һΣŴĸ߲Ƿɫ
ʳȷԴõˮԱڶ࣬ÿ޴󣬸޷䣬ǶǴӸϪдȡġ
Ŵĸ߲ǣĶҡԼǷж飬оԵİա
Ѹһڹĵ;ֵ;һɸʴ֮ڻǿĥڼĻ٣ڣڳȫֻµȷɢĶ
ɫ΢䣬ǺܿɢƺЩв


74 ϻع
ڹҩɢĻҩЧΪмһ䳰꣬ҩδ̫һɡһʱȥˣĥĳ˲ʮ֮һҿٹʮʱⶾҲĲҵ
һ㶡Ϊҩڲûо֣ɢʱ򣬽һɢҩЧҩһֵҩЧǺܲġڶԾֻɶӰ죬Ͳö֪ˡ
ͷһת̴һΪ˵Ǿ֣ԴҩĵǿʴĽΪǶЩһ˵ֻѾʴ˽ڼǴĻѾսҩĶ֡ʶȤģþͶ˳ҩԻҩ
̴ĻһЦã˰ɣⶾҾŴʵѡһҩɲǾŴ֮СǾŴȫɢ֮ǰԽҩﳹ꣬ҩҩģҲ֪ҩЧôߡĳƲĲӦûûɣҵѾһʱĶҲһʱ֣ɴѵƶ˵ɡҵ뿴㾿ʲôƣð֮踡
ĳȺ侲ڳڰʮλ߲壬׷װͷ˵Ĳɢ֮ȻسеĽ˶˽ȥǷĹڻһЩڶʱڽڰ¡ֶξôһ㣬Ǹұ֤ӽ֮ƽݾڽҲûҩĴڡ
Ƿ׷ҩĸ߲㣬ɫռ¥¥Ĵ¥ݵҪ֮أڷסԷҩĸ߲ѡ
֮ڣɱ⽥Ũ
˿ûκξɫЦȻȵ
ã֣ͳƽʮᣬȷһ˵⣬ϼҪҩΪϼĴˣƽаᡣұ뿿ҩһֱ֮ܲշƽʮᡣڿֻ޷ˡȻˣֻðʦ˼ִˡ
仰һ˵ڵʮİ֮УжϰԼϸߵĳϣ¶֮ɫ
ʲôϼ壿
ϲѾʧʮʲôʱˣ
ԪϰǾ㤻ҵİ֮һ
ȻǾ֣ʮ꣬ۼϼ峤Ŀµķϼ岻κ뷨ʱѾ⣬ֻҪҪ֮زز
׳ֻǾɶѣû¶ֻšϾѾȥʮˣʮϰǴ󲿷ֶѾλΰЩΰ˵ϼֻһһϰ´źԣϸ룬Υϼ壬ЩΰۼϼˣûϼҵĿºǿû̫ᡣ
ϼһͷŵЩ׳־°ǲܵġ
ʮĴ󲿷ָϡ֮࣬еϼ֮ԱǣΪǴû˵ƽϼĴڡϼĴڣһΰһΰĿС
סˣ֪ʮǰƽʮͷϣһصϼ壬˸ҷͳΡǸʱոʮ꣬ûнưľ߲㣬Զϼ弸ûʲô˽⡣λưλ֮ϼѾƽݾʧܳһʱˣϼһ˽⣬ǴһΰĿл֪ģҲû̫ϡ
ϼ岻֪ΪʲôԵʣͻȻʧݷ˶ʮ꣬ʮҲƽݰᷢչĶʮ꣬ûͷϵѹƣᶼŸԵĵ̡û뵽˵ϼֻˡ
Ҫʣʲô֤ݡ
ͻȻ䱦ϯλϣһܻŭܣϼµĴˣôҩˣٵģǼٵġСΣƭˣұ
䱦ϯϻƽ𻢣䱦߲Ӫվ˳ָıʧ̬ĴСղڵԳԼϼĴˣ˶㼱ˡ
ĻֺáϼڳΪϼĴ𣿶Ѿõˡ׿ŵֻҪδһѰҵ㹻ΪϵĴˡСôſڿӵԳϵĴˣ
ڸ߲׷ײŻƽ𻢣Ƴϣ⻰ʲô˼ô֪ϼµĴ˵ġǸ´˭
ƽ𻢼ɣæҶڵϯǣһͿտ磬ûаӰ
ƽһʱˣȥˣ
ԹҶðƵġ
Ҷһ˵ϼĸֵʱ򣬱о䲻ԾԵļѵ˻ţسǣǼ٣Ҷ̸߶ȾɫĴԭʧϢ
ҪҪҲȿƣŻ֡
ڸϼĴսܣӵӡǿȻˣ˵ϻɸֻšûŪϼĿǰж˻ţжߵΪʵ֮ǰױ¶ԼĲס


75 ʮ֮
λʦɣ
Իƽܻʧָ̬˿Ϊ⣬Ǽ٣ֻҪϼ˳һˣҪȥκν硣
Ļո䡣
ҩ߲м䣬ͻȻĿռ䲨ȫ͸ӰವĴ¥帡֣Ѹٵһһһ٣ˣһֽ޷ֱӳ¥¥ڣҩİվһ
еһߣЦղ˭д£˵Ĵˣվ
ԭΧҩľŴ߲㣬Ȼ˼ŵĶٿǧȷƾճǵǰȲṦ书ǹϴ˵Уܹص
Ŵһʱ䱻ķס˺Ȼǻƽ𻢣Ǿĵɴ۾޷ǰʵôܳˣ
ɫһҩĵˣϵĻҩǿɱﵣҪƾһͳƽʮᡣ
Χĸ߲㿴ȥֻһɫδɥʧ˺ҩϼԿġ
жٸв
ʮڵĻưȻǲͷðһߵͳҩϼļıóѣٶշƽʮᣬưƽݵһĵλʱɥʧ⵽شͷҩͳƽݵİҲ
ϼʦжǿһ֣ԴУڱ˵С
ȼգɢŵ㣬ڸֵڹڲϵĻˡûʱԥˡڴһ١Ȼϼ壬Ҫһ
Ҫϼ֮ǰȲҩ
ϼ˾ͨҲҩĴȺЭСûҩΪŰϼˣȻÿͷۣҲʲôɲˡ
ĿһһưﳤʩһɫȻ䱦ʩչṦһ¥һȴǰѾӻͳһö΢ͻֽ̻Ųһյ򣬽ȼһס
ưλ֮ϰεңϼҩͻϮ
ಡһ̻سʮбը˿ųһޱȵسǵĽˣͻȻŵ̻ˡ
ֻҪڽл˶֪ʾźš̻ɱǳֻ߰ڼΣʱŻʹãʾźš
ưҩ¶ΪƽݰᡣҩӣԿɱһȣͬƵĺףسǵҹըԶԶĴȥڹۺҲһߡ
ֱֺӰ¶ⶥñӣεĿҩͷϣ̵ʱڼȺߣﾡҩˡ
¥سǺصأΧ֮ڶʮľӣ˻ޱһʱسĴҡפھ¥ĻưϰһֻӣԥķǰѪγ˵ɱҩһֻӡ
һȣҲ˴ĸ߲ѡ
Ƿ׷׾һۣƺڿǣǸưϼԣҩϣ߻ϼ˳ư
мһķӦܻܿƽݽδ֡
ؼʱ̣䱦Ļƽ𻢻ƳͻȻһҧӻͳһö̻ȼ˳ȥͬһȣ䱦ҩﹴٸҽᡣҩӣɱ⡪
ڵ˭Ҳû뵽һص䱦ϯϻƽ𻢣Ӷ֮١ؼʱԽ޴ңֱԽ䱦䱦Ƶ˺ҩѵľءҩͷ͵ߣ˵ҩ͹ٸᣬҩ岻ݡ
ͨĽڲ֪˵Ĵڣ˵ҩ˹Ļ϶Īǽȴǳʹ޹ٸĹҩ͹ٸᣬҪ𽭺ˣǷ˽һɡɣԭѾŭаᣬٶȻϽͣȺ۷ƴΧҩˡ
¥ڣ䱦ʮ´󺺣̺ۺͲҩõʮִɱפھ¥ϰ䱦һ֣Ҳͻưһֲսɱҩڵء
ư䱦ڵһʱ֣϶ʱһѹҩ
þŴĸ߲ĴҲǿڵľơ
ϼٶȸȴδؾռϷ磬Ŵ߲и˶ǿҷϼͳΡ
Щϼ޻ҲڵһʱƽΪʲôҪɱҩĵӡȥֽţϼûֶΡ
ӰҩΪƽݽҩӣɱ⣡
ΰҩΪƽݽҩӣɱ⣡
ҩΪƽݽҩӣɱ⣡

ҩΪƽݽҩӣɱ⣡
سǵҹգŶ̻Ȼš֮ӰڻԾڣĽкɱת˲֮伸سɢײ˷
ǧƵĽڣγɱسÿһС¥ݻƴ׷ɱĶ󣬼һȫҩԼҩҩõĵӡ
ɱҩ
ҵѽжҩ飬ȻҶ¶ɱҩĹӣȻҺ͹ٸᣬ¶ƽݰᣬֵǣǣΪڹٸµֵܱѩţ


76 ¥ս
¥ǵصĺɱɫף߬ģʹѪ˴ǰسǵϰҩһ飬פ¥ֻҪһȫ군ˡ
־ŭû뵽ƽ𻢵˷Ӧ˸ңһƲԣ㴫ºֽҩγֹ
æĿ⿴ܣҩĳҲ׷ϱɫЩš
ֻϼλʦسͻȻս޶ԣ˿⡣ǸԴӻȡһŷֽĮľ۴ڰ߲㡣
Լλǿޱȵʦδ֣д󶨣һΪҩｫİҵΪҵǰ;ҩһֵáֻҪ¥ڵľŴ춼Ⱥ֮£Ŵ绹ҪҩƣҲֵһλˣΪҪġ
װһгģҡҷеȣЦ֣֣λȻǺǡʮĵѾսЩҲŰɡһƣǾŴȱҩﱻ֣㿴һһأֱȺǵ
ȴͻȻĻ꣬˵ôķϻʲôôŵȻסܣ׼սϷֽһ򾡡
ǣ峤ϾͿս
æЦͷǣȴλ峤Ҳ̫ļ˵㣬ʱʴŴָСƲ߶
Ȼ峤ļҪǾʹɣֻҪ峤֣յĽ϶һ
ڣҩʮ߲㣬׷ֳֵεĹϼλʦܡλʦİΣ¹ش󣬾˴սʤܣ˿á
ǵĶ棬ԪΪ׵ľŴʮ߲㣬ԼʮкͣҩΧס
Ŵ߲Ȼռ˾ƣӵ֣ҲٶǶ֣ȴɶϼ˼ɵ
ʵڲϼλʦʲôͨ
ҶزվڴһƬ᣺棬Ҳ˵
Դϼ˳֮һֱڣϢ񣬾۴ڵս֡Աڶ࣬սţԲϼˣʮˣûܲǱڴ֮ڡ
ҶʩչĿɨϼˣ۲ڷǿȡаƣǰڵķȥǿеֻһˮƽ߶ڶ㣬һΡߣƾʲôͳƽʮ᣿Īʲô˵ֶβɣ
ҶаԲ²⣬ϼƽϰ꣬ϹղǿԷ֮ࡣˣӦҲ᲻һ͵Ĺɡ
ҶͻȻȻĶһƲס뷨ԺӿֳϹϴκιԷԴϼҵлðֻҪ˹ԷôкһһֱϸźеԣҲ޷ǰһвİȫ
ڴʱ
ϼԱѾ˶ǸһͰ͵Ļɫķֽ沼ֵַȻʼٵĿʩչ䷨
Ŵĸ߲໥һۣ׷¶ݾĿ⡣
֣
ɱ
ڰ߲㶥Ĭ͵ķֱֳУҩʮɱȥҪҩķߣȻɱϼˡ
ʱ֣ʦʩչʲôŹǿķֻ¸ԶԸ
𣬵⽣ӰŰ
ҩʮ˸Ƕ֣֪̫٣ֳȦж⣬زŴȻڶ࣬ǲͬһᣬȱЧϣһʱ䷴ҩơ
䱦Ļƽ𻢻Ƴϳǰ棬һŭ𣬼ڹ˫ͬ̿һ˺죬ųҵƷ磬ҩꡣ
ԳƵϺ޵֮УĻǺ͡ߣҪΪϼƽݵĴˣȴᵶȥɵǾġ
ֳȣھעУһȵƳϵȥеҲ֪ʲôƳɣޱȣƳϵĸƾȺӰ졣
ԱߵǲҩˣʱʩԮֲ֣ŵֵڻƽ𻢵͹аգ֪ƽ𻢽Ƿʲô裬
֮䣬ͻȻҫ۵Ľɫâ
ϼڼ̵ʱ˷ֽһʱϽâţһĽâסͬ·ĽڰԱ𺧣Ҳ֪ʲôʲô;


77 Сͷ
״֮ڣҲֻҩ⼸ӲӵĹâʲôˣϼǰʾǷԷ֣һʩչҲ޷˼λʦֺҲöѡҪɱǰŴĸ֣Ҫķ
쳣˷ܣֻҪټƬ̣λʦʩչķŴĸ߲㡣ȣӽιˣҩ۰ƽݽڴۣ
ҩʮֵĻȦ£峤ʳָָʼȫʩչһԷ

ۿл³ͳɳƵͬģһɳİѹ籩֮ʱ쫷һ㣬
Ŵĸ߲ⷨ˵ƣ޲ȻˣյͣסǰĽŲ
֮У۵ܿʼŵɫâķС
һУСߵС
ЩޱȵСУÿһֻһСƬҶСɢŵâγһȦǵƶٶȷǳ죬ܵһ֮ڣڰзţХķУǴϿȥļµ
ΪһķУɷ󣬴ﵽȺɱЧƴĳȡڵķȵͷųߵеʱɫѾ콴ϣҡҡ׹
ŷʮ꣬һٿߵķС
ȡﵽޣٲͷųȥֻ¿Ʋסߵˡ
ȥ
۴һһָߵУһ㣬ָȺ򣬿ȥ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ߵɵСͷ󣬼һι˴ɱȺɱһѪ·ǵסȥ·ˣǶ֣Ǿ֣ᣣǱ񲻿һıֽһķии
磬Сģ
һɵɵľмĴ綫ΰģĿͻȻų˵Ĺâ
͵ı죬ȫͣĹĵģһ磬ĵǰ棬зŽشʮͬһ޴ŭһ㣬Щչȥ
꣡
ɳײУжһгΡ
һƬѪ
һİڵϣϳص
ʹǵԼʱ򣬿ѧһľʯȫȫĴ㿷һķĩʱǧƽݵĽ֣ŷɥ׳ʱڶΰںɨҰ˶ΰıƽݣûʲôҲõġ
еʹܾҵʹ
ͷؿڣĿڴ˼пڷǳƽĿӣǰ͸߹ǵѪڿӿضǡ
Щ⣬ĻֵҲܵסôѪˣôƽסô¶²סǧʯѹһأֱֱĹѪ֮Уʧȥʶ
ΰİģͬĿʧվͬʱд͸ĲˡĵܵܣβûʮһֱסĽ١
ʮڼսʮ֣ٴ⵽ߵɨеĿϮҽеأˣߺ
ߣһѪעʹҩƿȥֹѪƷֹѪҩҲ޷ֹסѪɵ˺ҩЧġ
ڴתȦһգ۵Ĺ򣬽ڵϰٺȺش͸˶飬Žʧ
ʩչСͷ󣬷ĽߣͨһڵϣɫҰףĽֶЩȵļƺʱܱɢ
æò˫ִӻͳƿȡһҩ裬ҧ£óһʯгȡеķָĵķ
ڶʵⳡ̫ǰļ󡣿ûһյĹ޷ȫָ
ʱڵƶȻ䣬ڻŵĸ߲㣬һһƬšԭռ˾Ƶʮᣬ۵һСͷɱ
ʮֱ֮ࡣգҲֵס峤۵ķиᶥ֣ϡһ룬ŵҲ֮ˡδ˵޼
ƽʮ߲ҵһɱ
ʮ߲ĸѣʦķֲ̫ˣǿ˺սսʤġ⻹һʦ֣ʣµĶʦδ֡
ߣ
кȻۿʽת˲֮伱תֱ£֪²ΪҧסϵһѪ˿ڣԵһưﳤϺһɤӣƴŽֵ
Щŵڰ߲ﻹһظ߲ľ¥׷׸ײ¥¥Ŵسǽֵϣҹɫ֮ززǵıϣ㡣


78 ׷ɱ
൱ĽԶҪǣûŪʦķж֮ǰûдɱǰ档
ԪǾϵĺ֪꣬һֱȺ棬쳣Сġ
۷ΧϮɱڰ߲ʱǶ˶ܿû⵽شƲʱ˳ȥ
ʮ֮ģʣµʮ߲׵ߣڴָ׷Уȣкнܣɱڳˣ׷ɱԪˣ
ǣ
к˷ܵӦһֳһһԾɱȺ
нЩ̣ӲͷƤŽϡ
ǶϵĽӦκʽĹԸҪηͬȺŴڵصʮ߲һͨ
Щ˵ʮĶæûͷǴ򶷡
ּת˲֮䣬ɱ˴еԱкüҪߵʮ߲㳤ϡǶԾ¥ͷ׷ɱԪƽݾֲ֣ϼľ޴뾡
ϥĮ˴һۡ
ܵѪУˣʮʬס
ߣҩꡢҩˣ䱦Ļƽˡ˵ǰ棬Ȼ׵壬ߵ͸
Ϊ÷ͻϮɱʮ߲㣬ۿû˼ȥ˼
ڵϣץһӣ۾Ŀҵδɣδôˡ
ƽ֮ǰݺݵϣƺҪ˺Ƭ
޹ģǲҩõˣʼգûŪ׷ʲô顣

һŶҵĺӰ¥¥£ϢĻֵ棬ĸк
ղĿʩչҶıסˡ
ȻΪҲȥС
ֹԷǹٶȣǹµ˼£ĿǰǿĹϹԵĻй֮޲
ͷһŹֵĽֱţǿķ
Ҷ֪֪֮Լʱǲͷ
Ҷ𺳵ͬʱиеҪϼлַ
ϼһ治֡
ȻǷֿжǾͺðˡ
˵УڶͷʵǿɱΪϵԶԸһڶʵΣΪȻͷ࣬սȴ˺ܶ࣬ҶرȽаնԸһ꣬Ϊ΢һ׶Ըɵûʲôʱؼȥ
Ҷö⣬ɱ꣬ɱ꣬ҳš󿴿ܲҵʵĻɵǸϼͷҲĻҲðӲƴ
ҶزĸкѰҳֵ
кδע⵽ڸ١׷ɱĿƽݵһưİųƽݵһߵ쳣˷ܡ
Ȼӵĺܿ죬Ǵֱ۴ϵѪΣȴ¶ݵķ򡣲кҶأĿڵѪŵɢڿеѪζ
кʩչܿ׷Ϸʵ׷ʮԶ
ưʣµһϣŰӣкӺ׷ܿҪסǣɱߵ˻һߣϷϺ󣡡
͵ķޱȵĻӵмǿڹкȴһ󵶱ָ˿ֺδ˼к
кһЦһǳϵظҽ̳Ѫ͸˵ĺϣ׷
գһСС
سڴʱƻɺǻҵĺɱеݻ˹עһСڷս
˵ƽݾڵһ֡ôҲһֻܵ߹ˣװ׿ټñүһƣʲôèı£ʹɣүҽš
кȫɢŽ⣬ձ󲽱ƽ䳰ȷϷʵ飬˿ɱƽݵһѰЩȤúõһ
ҶƮƮĸںʮԶкӵһģüͷһҪʲôãƺϼͷ˵ɱɱ
󲽼СڣȴСԽԽխȻͬ¶ȵ˾أȥˣձĿ¶˵⡣زҲսҲɴѪսһʹ졣
ãǾĳˣĹҲ֪ĳ˵ľ³ŶС
ɫٹ˼ֱϵƣ˫ֺյᵶ֮ƣĶкת˲֮䣬ȫͬһ޴ʯڷ籩֮Уȵƺ֮


79 ʮ
кЦһڿһзƣĽΪһڶߣнֻʹû֮ĹԷĻɸɵһ֡
к֪ĸߣŷãȻŵȻһ½е
кСľйء
ֻոնµʱ򣬵ʱԻţϼΪʢʱڣҲϼ粻һƽ˸ΥԸǺþԵλϼǿĳԱںͶݷϼĶԿ䡣Ϊ˶ܷϼܵ׷ɱϼʣĳԱˮӴ˶˿¶ͷһֱ˶ʮ꣬ľ˼ʯűٴγкϼǿʢ۷˥͹ȣڱг󣬳֮һֱϴС
ڵȵϼ帴֮գǱʶ֮бһǿҵĳ嶯Ҫǿӵ˵ϣҪȫ˶֪εǿ󡣶ĥųƽݵһֵһ˵ĸоܹĿС
ɫأ˫ֽŸʮѩ
ϵеıйھֱ췢һɵ֮ſʼһֹƻ趯еıԽԽ죬ת˲֮䣬ֻܿһģĵӰͱھ֮ǿХ
кֽЦĿţţʲôܴĽ֡
ҪӲĵС
Ȼһ壬𣬾Ȼߴ֮ߡڰУ߸߾ųҫ۱âıзһۻޱȵХسǵҹգбųĵâǾ֣Ǿûпʩչġ
ʮ߾
籩һ㳯ӳһ΢ɼĻεâӱӱк
кǵһμʩչľâһæӽֵеıꡱһâϡ
к־գеҩٰϣ͵ļѱ֮һųıȻסһµâˡ
ž
ڶâٴнְ֣һ£ɰȻкӲͷƤһǵâֲδƣһ
ǵâδͣЪ
쬡쬣
žâڽϣÿһâкĽָİȥкվȣֶң⼱ȥۿҪˡ
ʮֱƲ⵽׵Ӧܹʮâŵߵѣ滹ߵâԽǿĽָ
кںȻɫԴӽˣȻɵɵվԭһõâڶߣûеƽݽֵʱ
ҲûӲĵâ̱Ҫʩչܽâ
ҶһֱڲԶ侲Ŀš
ȻҲܾĵ˿˼δ棬ǶѰһɱкõʱϡкĵâĺȻɫҪܵɫĿ
ҶаЦкտʼսʱѾкĽ£ͷһɳһɳУѾкĽγɡиտʼγɵʱתԴԴϵ뷨ɳ¶ˡ
кȻнֵıֱֻܱܵ˺ɳר˿˵ķûʲôá
кȫֵʱ򣬻ûв²ԾסľҪȫʩչҪӣŷֲѾɳεءճסˣԶԶеԽԽɳڸǹ˽ףִУʲôˣ˭͵Ϯң
еɲ֪ͻıʣǽߵâȥնкĽϣһն˼ޱȵĽ֣ʹ͸ǻкڵϡ
кǻһ߿ľ޴ӣѪӿſڣĲģλŸոմӶгһѣû繻ôܾһأ
ʩչ굶ŴӰص׹ڵϣɫ԰ףֲĳűָҲԶһ¡ȻղǾʮѾľȫ
µĳкȥ
ſλϵĽѾɢȥӱɳ֮УȴáһɳУڽֹͣת
ʲô
˴ʦ
ͬʱѩλѵղǱʦ͵Ϯסˣűնھʮľ֮£Ļֻĵâδϵˣˡ
ͷһݣȻ̧ͷʮĺڰ֮վһĺӰ


80 سǴ
ˣոӦþǴ˵ĳ֡
а룬˼ָһ˿ǺӰֵлʦ־֮ʦĳպظͿأԱ֮
š
ǺӰĻһƺûʲô¸̸ཻ
ʦǣ
˭㲻ùܣֻҪ֪ҺϼжԹˡϼ壬ּɡ峤ۣոʩչһڷĽߡټĲ·¥ϧ۽ɱһʱ֮ڣ۵ķһֱ΢״ָ̬ٶȼ仺ֻҪһ죬ķ㽫ȫָʱɱҲˡǸʱϱضչ׷ɱưһͳƽʮᡣȥɡ
Ǹ۲ֻһ˼еĹؼлʦָ㣬ȥɱϣһȭİγѩŲסѪĸ첲뿪СȥѰ£׼ٻͷȥɵϼ峤
粻λʦָ㣬˵峤Ѿľ˷Ǿȥɵ峤ͷġ
ҶشӺڰ߳кԱߡ
к°رУϰڵϡ
ҶشкЯİзһ£һɫʯһŻɫķ¼һͼš龭һᡶ֡
ҶϲʰţǺܿȴü
ǷԷҪĹɷУλôôĶûУԶˡ
ؿȫᴩ⵽شȻûȫ͸ʣһһָͷʵĿҶء
㡫Ƿϼˣ
ϣ˵ݵķϼ壿ҲǷҵˡҸϼһμе˽𣬰ȥɡ
Ҷؽʰһȷк͸ˣȻɳȫУ뿪СȥѰϼһ꣬Լ¥峤ۡ
϶ϼһвٵķţǾ˭ϣȴ޷ȷ
˵Ѿľ˷ưڶһֵȥ۸Ҳʡðȥ۾ս
ҶһϮ¶ңسǽֵϣԻС
سڣǻɱŴҩĵ׷ɱڳѾӵسǡ
⣬һЩСͰС֮ͽҲûҴ٣ҿؽֵ̣լĴţƻһЩˣΪ߲ҲƴسҵһͿҼһմţ
ҲͰˣûٺƻ̫࣬ٵ̫࣬Ҷûôֻ࣬ǵĮĴԾδ֡Щ֮ͽȴô˴ҸЩ棬˹ߵĹ
ҶԶŮӵļ΢΢̾Ϣһּһʬϵ

سһƬңظڶһ죬ȴĵһƬ
̫үķҵڸϣʦүһĪչ
õģúų׷ֵͷԼֵһ۲졣ץ鳣ɫηضڽŵôŵĺ棬һ߿̫үɫһߴŷ￴ҵĽˣȴϽȥץˡ
̫үʲôʱسֹ˴ıɧߵĺض㣬ЩˣȻȻ鷸ơϷ೯͢볯͢ǸϾɱЩ˿ܲƽ
سǵǶ٣Ҳһˣ⿿سǵıǾԼסһĽǿˡƽݵıȫ򰲸ʮ֮ڣֻƽݵĴ󽫾ŵĶҪ붯󽫾˷ˣɲǼ׵顣
ͷԴСү֪ʮĺ̨˭𣿡
˭
˵ƽ򰲸ļүЩĴѵǮƶĿڴΧЩᣬǸүԡ
Ϣ
СϱҵŮõϢǽϹܣЩĺ̨үйϵء˵ƽݵһ֣үˡЩСϢСҲҾԿ϶
̫үʱˡ
ͷ״һֻҪ̫үɺͿ¾УæҡڵߺһڷۣǼţסŸͨǰ˴ү
ЩȴʹסﻹĽͷŽֵϣ¶һı顣
ͷԾæŷﳯķȥ
ֻһһƮĺˣӽֵϷӶ⺮â֮һڶŮʩ˶񺺣Ǳһһᣬ׷Ѫ¡
һ
˵ƶϢҲϢͬҲûзʲôֻǾıűƵĺѵķ³ڵѪڵϡ
һ紵֮ǰһĽֵĵϣѾϢʮʬ塣һЩ̻Ķ񺺣Ѿŵö²ƻȷɱȥ
ͷҲˣһڵҲûвֻеɭɭģǱӲϴһһ


81 ͬ
سǲҩøլţƽݾŴСǧָƣɱ˽ȥܿӰűУڻԾ׷ɱҩõĵӡ
ɱɱҩ飡
Ǹˣ죡
ҩسǵķòҩãǳ׻ˡ꣬ҩڵĸ߲㼸ȫս¥ҩسҲŴһɶ
ͷԷɣ˭Ҳ޷˵˭
ҩõҩʦǼƲ׷׾ϸߣڵӵȻҲԸڲҩڵȻǿҲûŪףΪʲôƽڴСĵҪҩͷҪġ
һɡǮ㡢ӨСλͬʦֵܣɫţӸլԺһƫƧĹ͵͵˳˸Ľֵϡ
ǷСӹ֮ŵһ˶Ĵֲȴˡ
һɼСڳİ켱ˣæȥСûˣ㻹ҪЩǮƸʲôˣҪ
Сɫ죬˦һɵ֣ʹĳŰҪӹﳶ֪ʲô涼ҳҼĲƻߣֵòǮһ뱲ˡܹǰԺҲҪǮ
լڵĺɱԽԽˡ
ҩСƤ׽ֵǿһһȺʮᵶĴ󺺣ӽֵԶǼ̾ϲĴСţǼǵĺ棬иڿ񱼡
Ǯ㣬Өɫʱɷס
Сڰıӹ˳ڱϡ
ߣ
һŭţץһѲ֪Ĵ󵶣ڻǮ㡢ӨСˣ˼ϡٵĽȥСһΪصĴṦߣ˵ǰ档
ʮԽ׷Խ˷ĹֽǮӨŵ÷Өһ̣ڵڵϣŵ
ǮӨۿҪЩץסߣһ˻ȥ
㣬Өߣ
һɴ󼱣͵ĻӵһҪץӨĶ񺺣ƴֵӿȺһⱾµֵ˶Ĵ󺺵ҵɱһ֮ΨбĿѡ
ʮԶһӰͻȻԭʧת˲֮һɡӨǮ˵Աߡ
һģĽ⣬һȺƮ
ͣ͡
֮ĽѪ䡣һɡӨʮΧ֮ڵʮ󺺣ͬһʱʹıǱѪʺڵϡ
һŶҵĺˣҲھֹԭأеĽŨѪһһεʡ
û˿ôֵģҲû˿ôɱˣֻܹصˡֲĳںʱȻֹͣסŲ
⣬ʲô
ˣоֵٶȣ
СƤøȥˣСҪ
ڴ־壬ŵŵźˡʮˣǶĻɫԻһȥ
棬Ⱥӿϰ֮ڡ
ǰ廢ϵֵܣʲô׷ɱҩ˰
һʮĴϣΪ֣ƼڣŴȺİǰ档Ȼûпֳððʧʧվǰ棬ȻĴ
ǺЦһĿкâһȻӰԭʧٴγֵʱѾһվϵıջеѪ
ϾʮһĳϣҶû˼ȥᡣ
Ǵһ¿ˮȴʲȥӣѪһѪðѪݣͨԵڵϡ
ۣ
ӣ
ʱڳϰ󺺾ִУðŵȿֺԶȥǿˣʮɵľ룬գһ۾͹ȥˣǸͲ˵ǹ֣ɣˡ
ɢȥֻʮʬ塣ֵСһ¿տֻɢѪζ
Ǯ־ϲǱǰλغȣʱû֮ˡͬЩ֪ʲôˣô
Ҷɱ֮ĬĬһʬȥѪ
֮У治ֵǮ
ҡͷɳƵĮҩѾƽаĹУ֮졣ǼѲҩõسƽĲ£ȥҸƫƧĵطһܷͷһأӦþû¡˵֮ὣȥ
Ө֪ôģͻȻʧʦ֣𣿡
Ҷ΢٣ͷҲصķȥ
˵Ů˵ĸоرеģû뵽ӨȻϳαװ⼸Ĳҩµʦֵ꣬ġֻԼպ֮·ע˺˽Ҳжٽʣ˻һسǣ뿪ʦֵܵԵݣҲսᡣ
һɵˡɱڵĺˣ϶϶ʲôʱԵɱ˲գˣ
СıİˣʦֵʵƺЩֲŶ
Ǯɫӣţ˭Ҳû˵ʲô
Ҷȥ֮һɡСǮ˺һű˵Ө뿪Ѫȵֳ˷ǽ븽һլҴһ·լڶ⵽׷ɱ


82 
ҶһڻҵسǽֵҹĻ֮С
ٲܣа֮ͽ˵ɱ¡سǽֵϣѾûĸ˸Һ棬һèһŵĶӡգ֮䣬ǰĽֵɪޱȣ˼
ʮˣǶˣ֣߶֣˵һġ
Ҷص׵ĴԽʮɵľ룬ǵĺ󷽣Ǻ޷չɱûܹΧסͬһ˼飬ֻҪԪһľֻ֣ûܹһС
ڵĵطٲΧһƬţ˼
ҶؾٲŻڵլСƺڴ̵⣬еĵѪţһɤӣﰡܵĲӰ
ҶؿЦãô
һլԺһլгɴţסļªڿͷԺ˯ĳɴţѣȻһСĽҶҶţ
ţЩسǻرңسǡ죬ϵ˵һ£´꣬ȷͷٻس˳㿴ҵ͵ǵǻŵĻǮǣչǡ⣬滹һСƿٵ鵤ҩÿһãɱ꣬ʣжģԼðɡ
ţմ˯ڷԺԵǮӣͷظ磬㲻ȥ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷҽҪȥһ飬ܲ˵ûлԻȥɡ
ǰĴ󺵣˲ˡ͵Ǿ˭ţȴö֪ǻȻĻЩҶ͵ҩӦÿǵĸһЩ
Ҷû˵ģ漴ʧ
ţŴͣ˰ΣŵһСӵĽҶӡҶӣһСƿӣԲ۾һ䣬ΣһΣΣţҲץסǮͷ˯£˿֡
ҶؽҪ飬Ѿźã޹˼ɡʩչȫ¥ȥҪɱĿ꣬峤ۺϼнܡƲ⣬ӦҪĶš
нҲ֪ȥسתСȦҲֻܻͷȥۡ
Ŀǰܻܿ¥ָкн׷ɱԪ֮󣬻ȥϡ
ҶҪȥĵط¥
ͷܹӷϼѣһʮ꣬϶һϼ޻ߡҪɱۣнϸߵΣԡòԼġ¡ȴŸȥðա
Ҷغܿ¥
ʱ¥ܣΧŸߴǧƽݸĸ֣ɽ˺ţɱΪҶΰ𡣡ɱΪ𡣡ɱΪҺڻ𡣡
ƬȺ۷ŭķ籩ģ¥ڰὭְΧˮйͨ
Ҷصָ֮£Ȼ峤ľ˷ɱ峤̾˻ưڣɱ˻
;ԪӰİյˣ֮ͬ׼ԼĲسǣƽ򰲸ȥ
æǣ峤ľһ˵ڰͳǾͷһ飬˵Ĳ峤ӦûʩչķˣΪʲôʱ׷ɱǡڰ߲ϧҲҪɵǸ峤ͳƽϰϼ壬װجΡ
ưӰЩ¥һнĸǵİɱˡļᣬǵĴϻţҲɱΪǵİ
ڰԽԽࡣ
˵ǵȻǳ۸Χסˡ
峤ۻΪԼķ㹻ȫسû˵¥¥״ĿʯеָǸϼнܣȥ׷ɱԪ֪ȥˣ񲻼Ӱ
ʮǴϲһɵĸӣϵ¥ȥõͷзڡӣ飬峤Ļֿ֡ɲôױ߸ġЩз׷ױ۵Ӱ첢
۶ЩĽָмһˣЩɫȻñʱȻŭϾҷж˷ָǿгȡڸոջָһС
ಡ
ǵڴתһȦʧϰֶգۼĹʬһأڶʱһƬ徲ˡ
¥⣬սʮͳǣгǧİڶһ峤ķѾľôȻֲܷķ
⣬ô죿ɱ𣿡
ǰĻ̫ˣȻû㡣Ҳ̫ˡ
ڰ۷׷ס


83 ΧŹô
ɨڳһۣȫǿֻ֮ɫвһ
Ҫɢˣһ̱ҪŤתƲСҪ峤ߣָеķҲ졣ͲţƾڳڰĳǧĽ֣Ĳ峤
ҪţķѾľֻǴѣʣ³Ų˶áϺѾ׷վҵȾŴļապ϶᲻ϧһдѹǾŴᣬаĸ֣˭ԸԴУ
ڳĸڽȣĶʿ
˴İͳͷ飬֪òӦĺ٣峤͹߻ǸϽܣһ˵
Χ¥ĳǧڣãȻûиֱηǰҳ¥ȥɱͷ
ڰķӦе쳣ʧƾһ֮޷˵ʿ
ϰԪƽݽ֮УԪʸİǾ֣ʢΨһԺƽƽİܵõԪӦôܹʿ
ԪСͷİСɫصĶվڰڸ߲м䲢ۡڶϼη壬ͷβһֱں棬ʮ̵͵Ⲣζϼ壬෴Ϊ֪ϼĿ£˼ԽСҲôһǿޱȵļ壬ﵽͷϡ
Ԫ˼ȥ
ƺĬͬʱԷ˶Է͸¶ϼľȻ֮ġ
Ԫһʡ͵ĵƣڰη壬ǰ壬ƽϣһת˵һڳڽѪڵľ޶ͣɱߣͷߣһöҶһߣһǧöҶ
Ԫɤͭһ̺ڹһɤӣþ¥һ֮ڵĽöн
֮±·һöҶκһ֮ͽΪ֮񣬶ʱȺоһƬ
ȥҪȥ
Ǯӵģ˭Ҳ
ǰĿÿӲ·
ʿɲʱǡ
𱬵ĳĿɿڴһȻϵ˴ֻû㹻Ǯ
ڶӸһʮĽý֣תۼ齨󲽱Ͼ¥ȥ㣬Χסۣ۵Ļ֡
¥£ӣĸӵڼ̵ʱڴˡΪΪʳҿͷһöҶǸʮӶ÷ˡûͷһ첲ҲֵһǧöҶԿһӡ
ڴ󺺱޶ͼȫΣգ˷ܵΧۣžһҿ
۸ղɱϰ֮󣬲û뿪¥ھ¥¥ָһУɱ˰ӦÿЩΧž¥ˡ
뿪Ҳѣ¥֮ڣͱȺΧţ̫ˣɱȥʮַѾɴھ¥ϣһߴָһԾ䣬÷ڰ֪Ѷˡ
ȫûԤϵЩ˲ںǮΧ
۱ɧŵʮֲͷĴۡЩϵͨƵĻַȴһ鷳άֻֽ֣Ҫ΢ˣǽ⵽ĻĵķԽǿĵķԽࡣ
ȻǰһȺֵһӵϣҪķ֣ĵķȻָķ࣬û취ָһڶߣڵķߡ֮ǰѾʩչһСͷȥ˾󲿷ֵķʱһãֻȺҲĥķ
ŭٴ۷ʩչΧΧϰֶɱ⡣Щٳ
һأôʹҲ޷ڳȡ㹻ͷųһС
ӵĴǼҪʩʱȻ׷׾ǹ˺һȴٳٲʲôɿϲӿȥ
м˻ϲĿ
ֵǿ쿳ʹˣҪ군ˣ
ʹҰ
ֳص󿳵ŽֵһָҵĿҿʼˡ¥ľƵذܲסѹݣ䡱һڣϰȫǱˤ˶¥ذϡ
һ¥ˤˡˤһӣñҲᡣڴǻͷƨ۵Ľּҡÿһ˲䶼ѱڽϣĽ𶯲ѡ
¥⣬ǧڼԼƴҲŻ
˵Ŀⶼ¥ϡ
Ҷصĳ֣ûʲô˵ע⡣켣ȺУԶԶ¥򶷴۱ϰΧŹȥѾʩչˡ
Щ죬۵ķѵĶĹˣʩչĿԶԶһ£ȫ½Ӳӣֻʣº΢İ׹
Ҷػ켣ںֵȺУʮֽûðͷϼҲϰˣӦòô峤ᱻһȺָΧŹ۾ûʲôɱﵣɲóȻȥ


84 ķ
¥ڡ
ŭ˼㣬һߣƽ峤Ȼܵ裬ֱ޿̡ѵЩΪס
Щڣʩ֮ڴ⣬¥ָкнûлʣµķҲʩչǿɱԷˣֻʹøԷ
¥ﷶΧڶɽ˺ΧţҪʲô۱ȥѶȼߡ
ۿңңѵĽ֣ɫ΢䣬˵زɾôæͷĹñӻͳһŻطĵĻɫֽٵдʣȻһ
壡
һȣһҫ۵⣬͵شų˽֮⣬ֶһֿ֡ɲǷ֣һָԷ塣
ڶʱڣʮ
ʹãҪķ֧ŵʱ䲻ڷһĽߣʧЧ
۲ҵץסһʮһСһ͵ľһشٽĴ󺺣Χ͵һɨ
Χϰһ±ɨ֮⡣
мһĻڰ߲㣬ȻʧɫһϰĴɨҲδ̫ˡ
ɨܴһ̴ۣڳ¥¥ȥʩչڽֵܼȺУеֵǿһ㣬ҿ¥Χ۵Ⱥ˳ӵĽֵس򼲱ȥֻҪӳسǣҰտĵطڰҪΧסˡ
ֵǿ׷֧ŲסˣҪˣҪ군
ͷҪˣ˭Ҳ
ǰֵܣסȥ·һҶӸˣ
ʮİϲּϲ峤ҪܣȻ֧Ųס͹ۿҪ󹦸ɣ峤ȴϵʩչµķ
Ԫ֣յĴڳǽæͷָӵǲһ֣϶֣۽Χ׷½أҪسխĽֵڣ˺ɱ
ҶػӵȺм䡣
˼ĴӻͳһɫĩŷķֽŷֽǴкϵģʹõһһģһĪǾķֽ
ֽʩչȰٶȺпٴ󣬲׷ۡ˻ûüӰӣһʧӰ١
գ۹Ҷر켣ȺУĶסۡ۾붫ŻҡһҪǾŴĸסۣò׼ðճ֣۳سǳ֮ǰʹ÷縿£ɱڳڡ
Χ۵ؼʱ̣Ŵһɵĵġ帰ӣڷǿİһ֣ʮʮ㣬ηΧס˽ֵмۣɱȥ
ۻӹֵеƣµǻˮһڱʧץסˡ
߽⣬ʧǰס
۲ɵ־ŭľһշ߽⣬ٲΧȦûнֱĻ㽻۵Сس
ϣ
ɫ԰ףüķȫɨܵȺȻֲżæӻͳһʮŷֽ
һֽÿһŶǳϼҵףҲΨһƾ̡ھʹʹҲҪЩֽɱȥ
ҶزȺм䣬Ѱ˼ʲôʱ۽ͻϮͻȻͳһɫֽĿ͵һһǿҵΣжʱ
æһʮ֮Զ˵˺档
ҶزŸʩչ˻أ۱мֻüٵķ㽫޴ķֽһһ

һ׳䣡һöܼĽȺУ汬ѿĻ渲һƬʮɡʮڣһ±˼еİڸ첲մŻǣһ첲յĲӰӡеİմһ棬մһ󶴡һЩմĶЩ˶ȼճ˻ҽ
۳ʮԶ
ĲҽкͰڶİٴζҡ
зһɫбֱһ͸ǰʮ󺺡
׶һտ׶꣬׶ʮڣʮĴ󺺱׶̴գ۹һɫϣȫѪҺסŵضС
ͻ̷һɫʯ̡

Χ۵һַֽ֣ƣɱ֮£ΧȺˣҳһţаţȿֺĳֵݡ
ˮˮȻ𣡡
Ӱ
Ŵ߲ǺȻ֣Ϊ˺սǵûܽס峤Ϸ峤Ľдɱ
ȻԪλ֣һۣҲȻɫ
ϼ壬ˣ
Ǵ˿ðΨһ뷨ȫɥʧģڳǵĻ£ȺУԶ
ҶΣʶܿ˸ղһַķֽӹһ٣ͷ϶ðϸܵ亹з飬ֱеһ¡
ղҪ΢һֻҲҪֽķΧȥ
ϼȻǺǵģɽˮĵزķ


85 һɱ
״̬Цһڱͷܵİ˦ʮųķֽɱΧĽ˷سǳ쭶ȥ
۳سǳţɱʮһƬڵĽҰͷûһ׷ȫƣѾˮ͸һʹҪϵ¶ǿҵľ⡣
ڻ˳
һĻͷسǷЦޣһȺ飬ҲסүҲүʲôˣҲȺס
лŷֽ
һ뵽ղſŭ֮׳ʮųͽ׷ֽ۶ʱʹޱȣⶫɹˣ˵һƷʯܻһšڣﻹʣ¶ųн׷Լһųн׹ֽûõÿֵʮʯϼҿɲȴǰܹӻˡ
ЩڣĻҩⳡҩƷᣬ׼ʮһˣƻʵǹðˡƽʮԺͰڣлҪѶԸ
۰ʣµŷֽۺãСķ뻳С
ֻҪ˻ţжɽһ졣Ҳ֪кнֵôˣ취ͻϲźáĿһĹâʮĶһһɱϼεƽݵ¡ȻһЩǸȫ
ţͻȻһݣоڰҰ֮ƺһ˫۾ڶһΣյϢڶʮǰͷҴսʱйһ̵Σա
˭ģ
͵תŭȣȫŵıһָϽеķֽץȥ

Ҷʩչһ·ϢǱУ۵ĸһѧˣʼձʮԶİȫ룬ɽеˣڷɿųֵİա
ϸֻҪһܿԽʮɵľ룬۵
ڵķľͷŲʲôҲɢˡû˽ֵı۵ķ˲࣬ȫһʺ
Ψһֵǵǣлż;ķֻֽü΢ķܹͷЩֽһû͸ͷŷֽĻ֪ųʲôֲķ
Ҷ˼ţǲǵϢָʱͻȻ͵Ϯ
Ҷû뵽ǣӳس⣬ʮһ֮ͨ󣬾ȻеŷֽƵķ뻳
ĺõĻٲ֣ҶԼе˼ˡ
Ҷؼиֽ뻳еһ˲䣬ʶʩչ۷۵
˲䣬Ҷسһĺâ۲ӴһȦ
ͣ
ȫֻڻУոֽķӦӴо©磬ġҭסˣһȫѪһ˵ڵء֮ǰʶУţϼ壬ҪҲգڽˡ
һһ⣬۱ɱĿĵڵϣûκη
Ҷһ̶֣ݳʮԶڰ֮С
ϲޱȣͷԻ侲ͽûȥʬ壬ѡܿ
֮˸Щͬ⵽ĴˣҲδػһкǻܶ¡۵˻Уûиʲô
˺ðΣ۵ʬûκηӦ
Ҷ㹻ʱģĵĵ˽ʱ
һͻȻ֡
ҶؾȵƼһĴָСĵɫԪ񣬴ʬСĵ˳ɵĶһ£ҡҡλΣƺ̫ӦƮȻŵƿշŶȥһһգգۼڵҰ⡣
۵Ԫ
Ҷشһ£ǿŵߡ
Ҷûȥ׷Ԫһɴݳ֮ԶԪȴգһԶƾԼٶȣǸ׷Ԫƿݵٶȡ
һڶԪû»˶áҲᣬϹһӡʲô֮ȥĻڱᱻɷ֮ʴԪԪҲ֮ɢҲ׷˽жᣬͨ׷ûܲס֮ӴԪԪԱԪҲһ군۵ԪȻˣδܹ϶졣ҲûбҪȥ׷
Ҷؼ۵ԪˣʬӦòʲôŷĵ۵ʬԱߣý۵֣Ѳһʬ塣
ܿ۵ĻԼİУѳƷ
Żɫֽһᡶ龭ɹšһġлȫţһᡶסɫʯһֵƣĸСƿĵҩ
Żɫֽһšշһš׷һš绡øɫĩͿдڷֽϣһĿȻ
ŻɫʵؼӲ֪ʲôɵģš·šƽϡ⼸֣֪Ǹʲôõġ
Ҷ֪·֣ǹ·֤֮ĶݿĸسǶҪϡسǣǶ̲ݿɵĽ֮˵·û·ýǡ
ǡ·δˡ
߿ʯ㹻ϺüˡǼƿҩ֪;Ӧʹõ鵤ҩĶ
Ҷϲģǲġлȫַһ£澹Ȼ˽ľˮԼ硢ףһ˴ϵĻ
治йԷԷԷ
Է˵аĹԷҲϸϹԵҪЮҪĶ
ҶغĽ⼸ȫ¡ϸʬףûҳĶЩϧϼôһ峤϶ûдٺöеϼࡣ


86 
ɫسǵĽսһҹٻլ¥ջٶ֮࣬ⳡ֮еҩԼҩլǱŴֹƣʣһЩСèС֮زز
ŴҲܣΧһУ˾һͨڣسǾ׷ѵĲҩòࡣ
Ŵĸ߲ǣسǶĴһĸŸ֣Ǳӻصƽ׸򰲳ǡΪ峤ҹˣһҲ֪ȥǵСϼı
һسܵŵİգ̵ıŰǣŮسǣ׼㵽ȥⳡҡ治иִ̼˼ңȮʮҶŵĻݡҲƶؤ޷ģһһϯòˡ
һЩŴɷĴ󺺣Ŵ󵶷ͷسĸſڴǵİգҳˮǵĲҩõġ
ڶϰռųǣЩȴŭԡ
سһЩҩйڵСᣬСආƦЩİڣ׷˲ҩõĲӡЩصСආԲҩõ˷ǳϤԲҩõĵӴ󲿷ֶϳ
ЩҺİȺм䣬۵Ǵƽֲ£һСë¿ŵ˫ľ峵
⳵ãҲһͷ¿һŰ塢һ˫ľӶѣȲЩ˼ҵĺ
¿峵ǰݳģһڽ׳СһȥӦþػ첲׳ֻƺЩ΢΢ȳ
峵һֲµСòͨмºȫ¸ɾء峵ϻװһЩֵǮĻҪǡ
¿ǽϻ˼ʮҶӳ˼ġﶼһЩ衢͡ΡմɹӡϵȾƵټĻʢš
С¿峵ǰλõĺ׳Снڴ󺺶ųţЩţͷڰ峵ϵĳСѹŴظڳŲˣզ죿
û£ǰ߱ˣ
ںСƽ˵żִ·߲ĲӣŪš
С¿峵˳ŵʱһ֪ĸ᲻۾Сආ峵ϵС¶ɻƺе㻳ɣֲҿ϶ˡ
¿峵ϵĳСһ˼ʳָһŪһӣŷ
ӱһƷţСආ֮ʱĳһɳĴ׳٣һ¾ͰСආ˸ٵҶӻ趯ޱȡ
ۡ

ſڴʱһƬңɵˣ컯֮ܳġҡĲǰ˱Ӷûмµ㱧ͷڣǰոǾţ˳һӵϣˮһȥ

ʱ֮
֣سһ̫ƽ£զͻȻֲأڣˣ
ɴţţ¿峵ǰ棬űӣС˷ܵ¿峵ǰسܴľ棬߶ʱ
׼ɽϼһˡһִŵĻǮôĲƻںͨЦֺǺǵĲˡ
뿪سʮ֮ϰɢ̽٣ɽ·ҲԽԽ᫡
ɴţƨɵžǿС¿ʱĻͷһۣľ峵ϵҶأµظˣ·أɱˤȥ
ţͰļݳɡҺô书峵Ҳˤҡ
Ҷɵľ峵ϣһ鼮һ߷ģɫƽЦЩĴţһ˻ȥڰôңһĲĽ˳ûپͲˡңôûлؼңҲȥһλؼˡ
;УҶطŴ۴ļ鼮
һᡶ龭һᡶлȫһסЩǴ۵лãҪЩԸڵԣв
Ҷ˼һ£ȷĵϼס
ףϸϼ漮Լϼڵÿһߵǡ顣ڷÿһش¼
Ȼˣִģϼڵߡ
ϼ⻹ߵķˣЩֻһǳ򵥵Ѫ̳йϵûκϸļ飬ϵ߳Ա̫Զ
мصһش¼ǣϼԶݣϼ֮սۡ¼
ڶⳡ¼
Ҷش˲٣Դ˶Щ˽⣬ֻûôϸ
ʮǰϼһߡϼеˣԶݣϼɱеˡԡ֮ޡ֮常䣬ֻʵ˻ȥ˺ʮ꣬۴к֮ӣʱֻ꣬ûвμǳսۣнܣ֮ӣսһֱڶز¶ͷķϼչ׷ɱ
Ҷؿʱһԭϼܹôˣһʮ꣬һн֪ܲȥ֮⣬ȫˡҲõĻðϼб
ϼ׵УҶҵһƪԵĴǡ
ļȤ
ԣϼʮ峤ƽԣһϼɫţʮľ硣ϵϵϵϵɳʯʯʯʯܡȵȣʮֻͳϵϵΪһϵ
ҶоȣһߣܹʩչϵЩ⡣ҲûмʩչϵǼͷŹλȲЩˣдûдĻôԵƺƣӦöˡֻϵͳԼһϵĻ


87 лȫ
ͨϵϵͨǷǿڻϵȻǿֻһ
ҶؿˡסжԵʵһЩա
Ҷһ¡龭һڵɹţרӵзƵģʺϷȥ
ѾѧˣȻȥһͬǵͼɹġ龭
Ҷ˷ܵһ鼮лȫҪĺö
鼮һ˰ϵ
ľˮͨϵ硢취ϵÿһϵϸļɸķھԷԷԷ
Ŀͷϸ˵˶ͷ֮Ĺϵ
ʵÿһߣϰеİϵֻϰЧкܴ
ϵߣеķֻϵʱٶ죬ֻҪ¾ܴͷųϵȥϰϵĻҪʱ䣬пͷųͬЧһϵɵɵȥϰϵĻôʮ꣬ϰ꣬ſͷųһ΢Ļϵ
óϵľóľϵˮóˮϵǱϵóϵǷϵóϵ
еĻˮȶײֱ
ɻóϵǻϵˮóϵˮϵɻˮΪһ壬óϵˮϵͻϵ
£ӵĳһֵŻȥĳһϵķֻҪ߲ɵĻ׷ʱ䣬ȥԼӦǸϵ
߼ԽˣķϵȻԽࡣȫ֮ˣ󣬿ԱƵеİϵ
ȻʵϣȴռơϾÿһߵԪʮޣϰֺʱ䣬˭Ҳܰеķϵ߼ܰһϵķ߼Ƿǳˣ̸ʲôϵ
ҶػǵһͷϵĹϵҲ׹ΪʲôԻϵͻϵ
Щջ
ȫ˵ͬʱϰϵķϰٶȿ϶
ջǣԴڸ߸ʱ˿ûи˵飬ǰľˮȺüͬϵĻԷһԵĴڸɢɱˡ֮Уһʵޱȡ
Ҷغܿʰ飬ٿЩ顣ҪԷ˸ǰľһ㡣һеĿ꣬ѧṥԷ취ôɵԡ
ĿǰֻռԵĻԼʲôвҪԸԣֻдӡлȫĹԷȥ¹С
ȰеķԷԷͳͳųֻĹԷо
лȫصĹԷ࣬ԼҲϵġˮϵˮϵϵġϵ׶ϵġ׻
Ҷش⼸ԷУѡһԸԡ
һ·ϣҶضĥ⼸еİ
ɽ·С¿峵֨֨ҡţڴɽ߰աӡС¿ϼԽҶһԽļ޷ƽ
󺵣ʹţѰƣһѾȥˡţ̵ѧͽҲ˲ҩѧͽżȻϰüЩһһöʵ
ɴţ˷ܵĻ¿ӣݣļ˿Ҷء
¿ַһɽɽϹ֮һСȣһС壬éݡʮԻũʮ˼ҡ
ڴ£ЩµĺͯˣʯӣһС¿峵ƵĽ˴壬һЩӣվڴϺĹһЩСæһܻؼңô˳
ƹӴ˳ס˦βͣС¿˷ܵл
ܿ˲ٺӴ帾ͷȥǿˡϾϡٵϹС壬ҲճİˣǼټġ
ţۼ⣬Щмٵˣ¿ϻ˷ܵĴеѽǲǶ𣬻СӡǸʯŴɩӡǴţǵð𣡡
ţ
ظˡ
ǲŵĿˣ˻ˡȻ仯ܴ󣬵ǻܿüĿǵкüҶءţСʱ飬ϡܿģò仯󣬸Ϥˡ
¿ڴĴӵ½˴壬⼸ľ
м帾Ƽ¿峵ϵ۾ģţ¿ģ⼸װĶɶֲһϺõĴֲоգöس˲ŻⶫǾ
ţ˷ܵĵзݡţظسҼһÿһݺ񡣡
ҶӣϽؼȥɣȥϵ
òƵʯϲصĵ̶Ҷ˵
Ҷһ£ӦһţϽ°峵ôţȥһ¿ĸɻԼİѭǰϡȥԼҵСԺԶԶıŵƮһŨĲҩζڲҩôô꣬ԸֲҩζޱȵϤһű˹Ĳҩ


88 Ҷ
ʲô飿
ҶͷһϽƿСԺţ첽Ժӣéſڡéݺǳ¾ɣǽѿһϸ죬ֻмʺΣǽϻԹͼžƤȴɨĺܸɾ˲ҩζ֮ûʲôζ
һϤޱȵӣźľƤӲסĿԡһǳһСҩʮС°ʹһԵľϡ
ҶرŰվſڣް߰׵˫סʱɽԣý֣ΪĽ֣Ѿ´ûˡ
ۿ΢죬촽
Ϥİĺֲһ£ŵĻͷȥҶأضض𣿣վҪҡһ£
ˣ
Ҷۿһᣬһ±ˮģˣ첽˹ȥ¡׼ķĸ첲ݵӣϸĿۼҴӻ
ҶϵڴϣҶĺɫûһ£ƽȥܻŻͺá
ҶߣϵƣǱҰҧȡ˿ڣӦкʮˣһЩҩ
֮һڣֻƤ⣬ڽϣЩҩҩ±ȫڹ尾ЩҩȻǲеģҩ̫ŵҩźá
ҶĽϵϵĲҩ鲼ˮϴɾͳһСҩƿһЩҩƵҩ˿ϣһ²á
ʮСηηĺ
ҶؿЦҵʱ򣬵ܵòżѾϲˡӰóһЩǹǺ«֮С⣬ˣ
Ҷڴߣϵ⼸ľûж˵ֻǼԵ˵һ£سһҴɻ
ҶɫЩݻƣֻʹţ˻͵Ŀ˼£Ǵɽ汲Ĺأ˳ȥļδɼҵ֮ǰǲܻġضȢף
Ҷصͷҡҡ
Ҷҵ
Ҷشͷˣ
ҶŭȻȢҵʲôϵĹزܻ㵽ȥţ
Ҷĸæضջô˵
Ҷ汲µĹأѵдɣϹɽˮˣϹô
Ҷصͷһδһ᣺ǣ֪Щһֱسѧգѧ˼ֻƣСɡЩӣҪȥƽ׸պٻҲˣصػݼڼоô
Ҷ˵֮뿪Ҷһ£վû˵ʲô
ƲҲ̸Ҷʼϵϵˣôһ¡
ҶĸæǰЩɽɽͷ׷ϣһСȡڼ岮ڣ˻ûʲô󰭡ֻҩңϲɽ˱һֱšȥлλ岮ǡ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ҶѵûҶĸ̵ҶشسǴһЩҲˣɲࡣһΧųһԲҶسûעʱ򣬰һŽ¶飬˷档¶鵤Է˸֮Ч˾ʢٿһ޲ʹƽƽ
֮ΨһһˮҲһ¶ҲԴ׵һݱˡȻ󰤼Ұţݷô岮
ǸޱȵĻϲд֪ҶسѧգԼŮ޸ҶءһЩʮСſڳҶŤŤɫߺ졣ҶȻòͨҲ㣬еĳĻµꡣ
ҶؿЦãл˸ݵ岮Щ˹ȥ
ĺľްҶڹһʾʡ˵һҲ㲻ʲô
һο˹ҶڣľװŵһԴסҶʮǰһڣ󱲵顣
մ˻ҳ಻ڴѾûмܿö
ϼһЩ򵥵飬ǿԿףʮ֮ǰҶسһƽ˼ңΪ˱ܱ֮ѣʮƽһӵƧĵطѣҶϺˣҰ֮ذס£Ǻģ밲ؼҪܶ˳Ӧ̵͵
Ҷؿ꣬飬Ŀڤ˼ã΢̾
ô
ʮ֮ǰسб֮ңʮ֮سа֮ңиͷ֮УʲôƽĵطشƧȻ࣬ûʲô˺ͽҲǿƽ֮ء
Ȼ룬ȴڿ˼ҶԼɽСȥĳ֮ơ
Ҷذãⳤ֮ƣĿɳǣǿ
ȡһСɽѰһӲʯΪһ߳ʯ飬ʯϿӬС֣ܱʼ飬ãΪ
¡оһƪ˼ãվûж֮֡;ղ֪׷˳ٱһƪϣҶϺδǸһȻɡ
ڶգôţǮȥһʶٰ֡ѼسǼĵͼ书ţøţͬĻ飬ԼȥѧȻ̸ˣǣպȻǣҲзİ취ֻҪꡢʮ꣬ľı䣬뿪Ҳܷġ


89 ȫս
ҶϼҴ˽һ£ÿ컹ûʩչԶС壬ǰԶĵطϰʩչʱֺ͵ܵһϷˣһܰݵӣżʹţȴĻǾһۣȭȷϵƷķţϵİء
ҩԼ鵤ҶϵȬļ죬̶վµ·ˡ
ţȥһ˸Сһǵ̴ʶ֡ȴ޶ʶ֮󣬰ջ书ţѧЩգ
ҴһµʱȥҶذѼ鶼źãڻǵ뿪ʱ
ҶظҶλ㣬ݱø𣬱Űɽ֮⡣һͷǰеĵãţʹӰݣεӡСţҪڴϰңسǳƽˣŻسȥɻԲûкһ뿪
߹ɽ꣬Ҷػͷǣ¶ģȻת󲽵ĳɽԶȥ֪һȥֻ´ӽԺһдʮһΪ˹磬㶼עˡ

ڱȥһΣյ顪ɱ̾ϸڵԡΪһ죬Ѿ˺ܾˣһµķսԤϣֻɱԣĸܰȥѰã֮
뿪磬֮һɽ͵ɽ¡
Ҷһ⵽ŵĶѨʱġлȫϸϸԷѾоСԼʩ׼ʱ䡢ٶȡ
һȼգԽֵճɻҽ
ҶؼԡʹùĽʹõʱȴֻļԵ㡣һʩҪĵʱϳǻȥ󣬻ƶٶҲЩ޷׷ϸƶĿꡣȻ󣬵ǻĿ꣬һжǰ׷ѡ
Ҷ˹ͷһ֮ʩչٶȺͻܣܵǰȥˡ˶׷ϣҪ˵׷һƶٶȼԪ
ˮĿٻЧˮʩٶȡƶٶȡĿЧһ㡣ٵĿ꣬С
Ҷ˼֮󣬸оˮЧǺܺã㽫ˡ
һ̴̣ĿꡣϵԿʮĿұ죬ҶûϵķȥԸ֮ѧֻ˽ϵϵ
ʩʱ̣һƶķУм׺и
Ҷؽѧ֮󣬷ּûʲôиģӲʯҲ֮еʩٶȿ죬ȥƶٶҲ죬ٱҶʩչҪϺüܲ׷Ԫٶȣ˵
׶һı׶д̡Чܱ֮סĿꡣ
ɽеĴҰ飬˦һ׶һ£ͰҰ˺ıðź˵ĺ˳ԣζ
׶ʩٶһ㣬ȥ֮ٶȣȻˮ첻˶١
׻ֱ֮Ϊףܹķһ΢Сĺ׹ĿꡣЩֲһͷĴҰֺֽĺðڵ㡣
ֻҶʩչ׵ʱ򣬷ʩҪʱܳкʱһĵķ޴󡣵Ƿȥ׻ٶȳ죬˲Ŀ꣬޴
ԷۺЧȽĹԷǷ
ʩܿ죬伫졣ΨһǣеٶȣܲܿԪٶȣҶزҿ϶ġ
׻ʩ䳬졣Կ϶ǣ׻һȥ֮󣬾ԿԻԵԪ񡣾ڷ֮ǰ׼ʱ̫ܻܿᾪԣǰߡ
ϸڣԪǵʽڣֹƶٶȷǳĿ죬˲ϢܳԶľ롣Էͷŵ̫Ļδܹ
ҶţҪԵԪֻܿٵĹԷ
ڴɽ˳Ұζ˺Ϫˮ
һ£ڽգܹΪŷͷųʩõʱҲ΢һЩ

޾գϡ
СӣϷӦϷİâأϷԼĽûнأôжϣϷâ
ŭ죬ᷢĻƸһſڴʯľ޴ϣģݺûʯĹ֣ҪѹҶغѡ
ҶʱͻȻж˰âڴʯϣûṩһ˿İâҲûиκνͣ⼸ˡ
ԶԴ˲Ȼŭո֮ϰװ׺ʱ䡣Ըһ飬Ҷظܾṩκΰâ
ҵڣϵ۾һϷһˣٶ̸㼸ŷԵģвУԼӲĲУֻܻĿధ
õҶأͻȻۣƽ˵Ϲǲиֵۣܽиӽк
ԼҶͻȻ˵ʱһ㶣һ˿ʵϷûи˵ҼЩԱһֱû뿪ô֪ǵģ
㲻Ҫ֪ҶصĮϹһҪ㣬ǰۺкš
ǻţԶʱһĵһӦϲãǾֵСӣô֪ǻŵģѵ뿪
ҵȻ֪ʯΨһ뿪ͨҿɳ롭˵̫磬Ƕǰ顣ǰЩ죬ѾˡҶصĮǵȻȡǸҶٻһЩϵҪҲֵĻǶܹܲңϼҪˡ
һԲҶذѻ˵꣬ɫ粻쳣ӣԼֵܺͶӻţȻľϲֵܶˣȻߣɫҪšˮ
Ļǻɣȵߣôɵ޳֮ˣ컯ϷڶʮǰˣʮǰʲôּŭϷϷʧȥǣҲδ̫СϷ˰ɡ
ҵȻСֻ㣬еϼ巨ţѾ䵽ҵѾûҪðâ㻻ˡҪһǣڻҵĹֻ֣Ҫµʱ䣬ұܰĹԷŪҪ֪ҿϵѧ󲿷ֵϵһϵѣɱû
ҶȻ̧ͷĿһŨɱĺ⡣
ԣʧɫ
ûҶ˵ֵܺͶӵҶȴܹЩ˵˵Ҷа취Ըϵ÷ţ÷͵ϮԲںֵܡӵԲںļĴܲںԼġ
ģԪߵΪʵѡΪ˱סǼΪԸκδۡ


90 ܺ
н겻ƮţĶŴʯİɫھ󲿷ֵ¶絥һ£ΪѧƷȴܹռơڣСҪ˷ţʱһãտϵĹԷȴֻͨһϵơ
ԽԽڴʯƮƮȥ
һģˣ뾡һа취ֳСӲˡһХ͵շƮɸߴһֱԸԪȥӲȥǿʯ֡òţø͵ķȥҿ
СӣȻˣϷֻ⻤֡
ԷɿһԪĻƹâѸȥ֮ģһһĻԾС֮ࡣ
ȥ
гһţ򣬷ҶڵıԪ񱮡
飡
Ԫ񱮵Ĺֽ⵽ĹͣһĻͱɢĺɫ棬ڹֵ棬ҶûκӰ˺
ȻԴĻʵޡһԹȴûκƻ˺ֻۣڹϽһѤ΢ɷǺÿ
ҶЦŭԣԷһСԣڸԼʩϢѡ
ڹڵĻڸ£Ҷطɿķ
ܿ죬ѳɡ
һɫϸСУĸһǵɫķգۼ䴩֣еĻɫƿռȥ
汾Ǻɫ̺ǳҵϢǵɫ̺Ϣڸڻ֮£⿿Ŀ⼫ڵһʱ
սҶлҪĲ׽һ˿Σյ֮ͷһݡܵһ
쬣
һУĴָСĹӣɿһʧãã֮С
֨
۵ĵһ
ûȫ㿪ǵУԪ񱻷βɨУ֨֨л
УСѾѧ˷
ûʱȥȥ˶ԪΪҶطǵже𾪡
ûԪ񣬶Էĵֿ΢ҪԪ񱻸ղǵȫУֻԪҪˣ㲻ֱӻɢ
СӶڴʯĹڣӵйԷʱⷢȴ޷˵Сӣ̫ƽˡ
һתɵ֮գʯԶԶģⱻУյĴУСӣڹʲô£б³ϷĴһϷôСӵƤ
Ҷط֮󣬱ŵŸգ뿴ܲۡǽЩգǵͻϮķеٶȲ죬лڸǣǱԵԪ㿪ˡ
뿪֮ԶѾķĹΧ֮ڡ
Ҫֻܳȥ
Ҷ͵شӴʯڳڸİУһҵĵطͣ¡
СԪжš
ȻͻϮѾЧǾһӲɡͬԪһһ˭Щ
ҶһתһٴγԪԱߡյΪһͷų֮󣬵ϹΪҲ֪ĸףóĲϵƤĲֵһᡣӣһ
ۿЦСӣȻõɫѧһַϵ㿪ʼĲ֪ߵغˣҸϷнϷձ̽㣬ʲôǿĹ
Ϸġ
һС΢ܣԪǰ档ɫҫ۵Ļɫâؼ̣СպñסԵԪ
Ҷ׼õķУ̼ȥڻɫϡǵֻһ£¼ĺۼѡ
Զܺ棬״ٶȴЦû˰ɣ飬ٶ죬ɱޡأٶȴ̵ķϷСӵķпƵ˵ģһƽԴǱվű𶯣ϷߣʩչԺ䡣˭Ҳ׼ݣΣ
Ÿ˵꣬漴Ԫ۳һһ糤Ļɫת۹Ѿʮ֮࣬ԵЩ
ܼ̣汸
Ϊʩչ̣ܺԭѾ۷ΪѾ½һأɫâҲࡣ¸Цò⣬ޱȵĲʮ̣һС󣬳ҶȺ˹ȥ
Ҷض̵ٶ˽⣬̲ϵķжܡЩ̷ٶȽ׷һŪʮ˷ϵĽػعǸС鷳
ҶаڶԷϵ̶ȣܹһѾǼޣͷųȥ֮ԽвٿأֻйϹܹһʮ̣һܹɵĽгƣַͨĳ̶ȣûʮĳڿֻ¸޷
š
飡
ҶԪǰͻȻײһ͵ը˿
Ҷ뵽ԾȻֲݷֲַըѵ̲ͬ⵽ǧ鳵ػʱҽһʮ֮Զ
ҶصĹâѸȥʶɱը𵴲ǿҵһ£Ļͷת죬ԱܻаϹķ̫Ȼظһ£ʶȫѹѰ˼ԲߣԼôģֻ¶᲻֪
׼ԶĿľ޴󸡵Ťͷ㳯ɹȥ
ۡС֪Ϸ˰ɣӣԼҶ⵽ϲĴУܺʣʮ̣Ҷؿ׷ȥ


91 
תۼ䣬ɫͻɫһһ˸ϡҶصʶͷۻڲִ֮䣬ûܼʱڣ˻ʯ֮С
Ҫ˵⸡ϣһ޴ƽأܶǰ͹ĻңҼխʯ켸ضǡĴָСĹ϶һ꣬ϾͲӰ
СӣȥˣϷ
ڸϿյҷɣѰҶصڣȴҲӰ۴Уյĳʯ˦һ̹ȥڼӲޱȵĻϣըѿ⸡ϵĻҲ֪ʲôۼû°㡣
ҪʯȥѰңȴԥʯ̫࣬ҷǳխ㲻ûԪӭϣ·꣬δռҶصıˡ
Ҷڻͷϰ֮ԶһʯâйڸԶԶĴд£ֻǲȥ
ϢС죬ʶŽȹ̣ȫѹһҡҪϹײըֻιȥҪŻײըֻѾҷˡ
һŲ̽䡣ҪԸϹֻʹΪǿ󣬷ٶ׻ˡ׻׼ʱЩ׾Ϲ
ҶĬĬĵţϹԶˣſʼԪ׼ʩչ׻
ʮϢ֮׻ϣһƴСףҶصĸԶ
ⶫ쳣İԵҶҲҿ̫ΪףԪâٶм׶Ρ
Ϲ
Ҷؽһɤӡ
ڸĴҴڣϲɵղҶؽкĻҵϷԼһĸ߿ա֪ҶسǹȥʮСĵĽ䱸ţ־룬ü̵ȫԼԪǰ棬ȷԵסκηʮƯܣʱ׼
˷ܵĴУСӣˣҲûãϷҪ㾾ʬΡҸϷȷ±Ͷ̥ǵñɵ
ãҳӡ
ҶشӻʯðͷٺһЦһƬף֮֡
죬ɻܺ̽ͷɴ۾ҶʩչʲôһС֮󣬶ʱһڣʧ׻
ɫ㤺ȻԪһ
׻˵ʵ࣬ԸһȻĿаħֵЧֹ»ҰԪΪηһϵҪǱⰤϱߣҲҪϰһǷУҲԸֲ⡣ϵҲзյһַͬʱӵˮױˣſѧķ
زٳܿҫԼжˣԸԭصŰʮ͵سҶһ䣬ȻԥܵתӡԪƿշɿջ֮ȥҪߡ
Ҷܹ̣׷ԣѾ׼õ׻ҲͬʱֻԴ˳ȥȣ׻
һףʯ㳯Ժȥ׷ٶȣﵽ˵ĵزǾˣڡһ±ܣԺȥ
ԸеһǿƵĿ׺Ϯ֮ڣʱðﻹ˵ϽԼԪ߶ԪʩչһΪǿĳԷһ

һ貵ĻɫâסȫһԪ۶ɵĺʵף˲Ϣ֮İסȫС洩һ׼̵Բһܲ͸硣
һ㼶ԪʩչֱӴ㣬Ȼ㡣ԪϺףǿͬʱƶٶͬʱȵ½
䣡
׷ԣը
ԱУǲ׾ǧײѿһѷ졣׵׻ľ󲿷ֵ׻˺ԵԪɱǿҵĳ𵴵ˡ
з֮Զ׸Ļججʶ塣ҵʶǱʶУƴҪ޾գǳصٶȡ
Ҷشϲû뵽׻ԪĹЧ˳ɫȻֱӰԵԪ䵽ڶ㣬۸Ļج˹ȥɿۻ򣬳˹ȥ飬ԭѾ鿪ѷ׳ױ⣬ԵԪ汩¶˳
ҶȺ۳УäͷӴܵĻɫȥ
кХ
ƽϼһԵԪɲǼ䱻г˰˿顣
ʿֻһԪԪǿиһΪôֻһܱʶԪһΪʶԪ壬ʱ˻Զ߽ɢ
ԵԪи˰˿飬ʶܹһСԪڣʹķʶѾϬĹʶ壬޷κʶΪ߸飬˺ʶĴԪ
ҶؼһС򣬳Ǹʹ෭Ԫ˹ȥȵĻסһСԪȼһԪҵ֨һһƮɢ
ҶƮڰգǼճ̵ĻǣһΪ˸ɵۣ˲֪ٵ˼Ѫ˴Ԫ
ڱɵѹҲ
ԵԪг˰˿Ƭһ飬ʣ߿ƬڿƮЩƬʼı⣬Ϊ㴿ĻɫâԶĸƮ˹ȥ
ϸ޾յĻ֮Ե÷ǳӴ󣬾һƯĵǳۡһصЩɫĹâЩâҫ貵Ļɫ
ҶشȤ׷ЩԪƬ͵â˸һЩâƮȻÿûʲôʵã綼˺á
ڸմ󣬰ѾʧȥʶԪƬ͹âͳͳճ¶ǡֲʩչĵԪм׶һ嵽Ĳʼ׶Ρ


92 
سǸ·󲿷ѾɢȥسǵҲûȫأسյࡣǳµĺۼٳ޷ȥҷظڣǧƵʬסسǽֵ¥ջȸ²ٽ˴򶷷ٻٵĺۼ
һգһƫԶСӣһͽسǣĲҩáƬĸլȫǳ֮ջ٣еĽƻ书šҩҩƷ΢ֵǮĶϴһաש߶سǵľ͵͵ȥԸ¸ݽ
ҩõĵӰڸѾɢȥҪôҪô
Ұèڷᣬʳż̧ͷ۾Ҷؼ£ûʲôвּͷ٣ڷµʬס
Ҷаζӣһ˷ǵĸо
ط꣬ʮһʱҩãʦҩʦѧĲҩֵͬ͡һлɽҩ꣬ͬʦֵֵܷԲҩһѾȥˡһҩƷᣬȴҩͲҩãҲһˡ
뿪ҩõķ棬سǵվһڶ¶ЪźȲ衣׼س죬һЩ鵤Ȼǰƽ׸򰲳ǣȥ洳档
سһЩֺе󺺣ľۼϣϼǾƣҪһ̳ӣһΣĭɸ̸ϴ죬ԵԼ֪
Ҷھһעĵط¡
£ҩѾΪʸ֮ģسǵĲҩñˣƽ׸Ͱ˴سǵÿڡÿڶһһĸɵΪһθƽʮᡣǴֱʰ
ҵĺãƽʱƲҩõǰǲ˳ˣƽʱһǿ׳첻˷Ȼǵùһ죬Ǵġ
֪֪壬ǿǿޱȡ˵ϼͳιƽʮᣬʮоŸҪ췴˫ˣɱѪɺӡ
ϧϵλɣһս㲻ӰһҪΪʦѧǾ
УƤģҲ뱻˿У±ӰɡҪȥʦǻࡣ
ϻ˻𣿡
˵һɣɴɱȥ֮󣬵ڶڳҵʬ塣λСɶûٳֹҲ֪ûС
ۿһɣϼ̸ɱˡϼڻسһҷظڡĹߣϼ˵ʬףҪҳšûҵҲȥ

ҶضЩ󺺵ĺЦ˵Ȼһ֮ˮھЪһ˼öͭǮϣ׼ȥԼسǵ˽լСԺ
ȴԱ߲Զһô£վһͰͰµʮ꣬һһӣꤣĽĿžϵڴ󺺴ںȾƳ⣬ƺܾûԹһٱˡ
Ҷһ£漴ͣס
۹ͼֻҪһˣǾǵġ꣬нôҿȥƺЩǡ
ҶɻĿɨһǰ꣬Ȼھ΢İɫڣԼһķ
һսȥˣнôسǣ
Ҷ˰н˹ȥʸ
нĿƼһİ˳ʼΪ⣬ܿԷҲǸߣɫʱһ䣬ɷס
ΪߣΪɵѹԷġҶĲ㣬ԲΪнܣӵǿҵѹ˫ԶЩһʮ֮ڣѹԽеǿҡ
н˺󼸲󱦽̵ʵ˭ʲô
Ҷزͣ½Ųƽ·ߣûʲô⡣ֻż俴Щ֣㵫ôҲǸߣôǣѵûи㹻Ǯ
·ߣ
ȻˣûұŰ·Ҵӱģ׼سǴϼߡ
ǡʶݷϵ𣿡
ʶ
Ҷҡҡͷ
нܼǰİԴһ꣬ºͿжӣƺҲݵķϼûϵԷֿһԼڵģЩĵͷҸҵļ嶪ˡ
ҶаЦ֪ʵŶô£
нЩ죬ҶҲܺƣܿ˻ϻӣǰҵȥ׷ɱһԪߣǸԪ̫ƻˣȻкüҰһٵɱˣȴĸ׷ˣҶҲһ¥ȴҵѾɱسȥˣȵڶڳҵʱ򣬷Ѿڳⱻʮ˸̵ɱˡҰҵ֮󣬱һֱسǵø硣øҲ֪ȥʲôط񲻼ӰûֵǮĶ²඼ȥ䵱ˡ춼ڳҰζԣֲô῾⣬ǿü춼ûһٺ÷
нܲͻãһͣҶظˣ߻ûǮûǮзǮ˵٣Ҳã̫ˡǽٸƶݽɣԺǮٻˡôҲŪӵĵزɣ
н˵۾һЩǮԷұȫǣЩ̵ҵӾŵöûҪҸɻУλ磬ϼѵϽȥɱ°񡣳峤Ҳñ˵Ķȥ

Ҷһʱ˵
ϼ˹Ȼءǰһ峤츳ڣҰĲЩһ峤Ϊ΢ȴĺϧʮĸ߲㣬ϼҵĵλкĲУɵȥƽݵһԽУսǰλнܣȴЩųѵ׷˵Ķ
ҶظϼҵĶԹҪΪһġԵԪѾϼҵĶԹҲһʹнܣûʲô⡣
ҶصȻ֪к͸ˣнǵȲøġ˼ͭ壬ſڴľҪһ̵ţ⣬нڴųԡ


93 ̤Ե
нܴΪлҪмˣ̻ʵţ⡣
ҶܹоسǸַʱ򣬾ڵнܺùֻǸʱԶԶȲнܡ
Ϊнʲôɵ߲ͨ壬нܵʣسǴ˶£ͷﾹȻûȥ͵ȥͷĻسǵĺŸҲҲнһȥġƷϣнܱϵø̫ࡣ
Ҷһ£ѯʵˣøֲ֪ȥˣԺʲô㣿
нɫãȻңҲ֪һֱڵø磬ǰĴС£ͨ⡣ڣҲ֪ô졣ˣλ磬ҽнܣƽϼˣʲô֣ǸģҪȥ
ҶҲûֻǿЦҶûʲô塣Ҳ֪Ҫȥ߰ɡ
ʵʵڲ֪뿪ϤسǣӦȥʲôطȥƽݵ׸һ䣬Ȼĸݿһߣûһ׼ȷĿġֻȥһЩطһʶȻҵҪȥĵطߣܹʵĵط
ԭҶɢ޳нͻȻʲô˷֪ܵһǳõĵطҶ磬һȥɡ
ʲôط
Եǣ
Ҷضʱһ
Եǣ֣ƺӦǺ֮кܴĹϵĪǾߵ磿سѾûʲôǣҵˣҪȥ棬ʶһߵ硣
ҶزĶʵԵǸʲôط
нܴҧţ⣬Ϊ˵һкܶܶ߾ۼĵطкܶɢޣϼһɼ塣üǰҵҡøȥܻʱȥһԵǣǳ˲ãֵʱɽ˺֮ˡ·̺ԶԶҪüʮҲУһĹҸ
ôңԶ
ҶһΪԵǾľأû뵽ȻҪߺüʮҲܵҲЩǣûŪеǲóȻȥġ
ԵǴжߣǵʵô
ҵ˵Եƽʱ˿ڡʢĽ죬иҸ߸ȥߣڳһ㣬ԼнĵΪٲִﵽڸ߽Ų㡣ͻڵɸ֣ǳ
нʮĽĽ͡
Ҷصĵķأص˵߶ˡĲ㣬һ㣬ֵطס
нظסһСʱ䣬ܰȫкܶɢɵû˸Ե¡ֻҪǲЩ߼ɢ޺ʹɼˣ㲻ʲô鷳ֻǳԵǣڳͲ˵ҵҵǣ˵֮߾ڳĻƴ򶷣ЩΣա
ߴ򶷣ǵôǵģ
׷˵£ͨǲȥ֮˵鷳ֻҪԵǸٽ˳ǣٳȥڳͷǳȫ
ҶϸѯԵڵһЩ
˺һžȥԵǡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊ˻㹻ʯݡ
н˵ԵߴʱʯסҲ˵ԵǣʯȻƷǺܳΪıر֮ԵǸҵ
ⲻسǣһ¶δҵõһʯ⻹䱦Ƴϣô䱦ӵİżռôһʯҶԼһ˵Ļû취ȥѰҡԵǵĻʯݺҵҲ÷ôľȥռˣٶȻʮֿݡ
ȻĶԭ
ҶһµһȥԡֻǣҵʵҲǿ˶٣һԵΣգû취㡣뿿Լ
нæҶģҲҪչˣøôöӰϼҸгһҲƽݴ̫ãֻҪȥԵǾСԵк̼ܶңǻӶĵͼ߸ɻֻͦҪԵǣҿڳҵɣһǮһ
Ҷص˵ͷнһȥԵǡϾҪн˵ԵҲ֪Եôһڶľۼء
ȻѾҪĿĵأһкð졣
нܳһٷʢţ緹ҶسǮнسǿջס¡
ҶԷسǵ˽լСԺСԺһ¯ȵڣֻȾ˻ҳʼżŲɹҪĸҩľ
а˿ʯǴӻƽ𻢡ۡкġеİɫɫʯֳĽ¶ݡȻɽ¶һʱһ¯һ¯ӿͬʱʮ۳Ϣʱ䣬ϵģһԼʮ¯СƿװȥԵǵ·;Ϸá
֮ҶغнسǵĳſվϣڳŸվƥ·뿪ңԶȥ


ڶ Ե
˵ôһ׷˺߻סĹ֮ǣԵǡһ¥ʿȥԵǡ


94 Է
һԱĹңĽٱ½еȹҡĹң½ѰΪشƽԭ侳ںӴڶ࣬ط֣˳գյҲİȡ
ĵط֮Ҳطָġ䣬Լ·Ĵ˵£ƫԶıСҲ⡣
ѰռҵĹ£硰ĳ꣬һŮ·ĳҺͬãȴаӲɢһһѲۣնɹѹأͷϡ
иĳ֮͢ϵĹ£ĳ꣬һλ½磬յ״ԪΪӣ״Ԫɿ˼ڤʮأȻһҹ֮󳹴򣬷·ףƮȻƿնȥһʱ䣬ʵĽĲ˼һǷ֮
׫дЩ˵µĶйϵЩ˵ܴһֶΪǡؾ¥˵˵Щ˵ɫĭɣԼһ㡣̨µİǸȻ޲Լ״Ԫɡ
Ϊ˹̫࣬ڴССĵĳλ˵ƣŮΪʢ͢󳼣գɼɣС벻飬Ȱ˱ʾ˵˵һһλ˵õȮĹʺ˱Լͷˡ
˵󲿷ֽǴƽԭ棬ȴһƬԶ֪ٱĸԭڡϻߣϡ٣޾ҪǣƬڣҲκһҡ
˵ܾǰǧ֮ǰɣһλ۲ŴԵĻʵۣͻȻһͷҪƬĸԭڻϽ²ĺµĴ֮ߡ
黹ûһλĲĻʵۣԼʮλµĻ״󳼣̶֮Ⱥ󱩱Уһҹ֮»ʼλ͢´Ӵɫ䣬Ҳκͷ
Դӷ֮׷ҥԭ֮֮أϽ׷̤㣬ҪǲСðˣ⵽جˡ

ѵ·쵽һСˡСشƫԶֵ룬ש̾͵ĵ棬ϾɣֵԵé߷£һǧ˿ڡ
峿СڴѾɻ
￥Ĺٵ·С򡣿϶˵òᡣһԼʮңòͨһϮֲһº͡һԼʮңϻʱĶ
һ峿ֵϻûжˣֻǶѡ
һ߲ţһ̸߽
Ҷ磬һθҵԵǣֻǵþߵС򡣵Ǻ·ôߣȴǲˡ
ǲǱˣҶغнܡ㻨˴ʱ䣬糾ͣҹ̰˰ϵĸƥŴңԶִֻǵȴһСС鷳нܼǲһ·̸ôˡ
нԺСĸڣЩ˵
Ҷס¿۳ԭȥԭһƬɵĳ֮У߼ʡԵǾϣҲ޷ۿ
ҲЩΣۿ˵ͷȴһ·˵·
Ҷصʵ벻Ļڴһʱ䡣ֿ֮Եǣ϶вٵɼ壬ܲҵһߣһԵǸôߡܱûͷڸϵѰҪЩ
нܲĵ˵ͷҲãҶ磬Ȼȥɡ̫һĻʿǿɾˡ
Źٵء
СϣһԷһɲԱ·Ҷغнܶˣȣæһɲ£һʩ񣬿ڳƼλɳ
ҶһĿ̽Է򣬷ֻһûзͨԷ򣬲ɻ˼ңô֪Ƕ֮ˣ
ԷֺǺǵæЦʱ򣬻ԵɺϽʶһλˣÿշһЩβƻ͵ɳȥѾʮˣڶࡣȻѴͷۻĿȾҲһ۱ܿλɳɣɳǵ죬ضɡ
ҶظӲ죺֮ܶˣ
ԷǺЦɲôɳкܶ෨ˣһķӣҲ١
ҶغнһۣϲŲ֪ȥԵǵĵ·û뵽һλϤԷɰǴæ
ô˵˼֪ɳأ
ҪȥɳǡҪȥɳǣԸͬС
л
ԷŲǰ棬һ·߶߶˵˲ǰ˵顣ԵһЩ֮񣬲νײ֮֮࣬˲ԸȥȻٲЩȥЩ˸ɻõĶ࣬ô١СԷ׷ˣ


95 ·
Ҷغнǣں棬Է˵档
Ҷʵ˵Եвߴ򶷣˼ķ˾֣ǺΣ𣿡
ԷЦǺǣɳ˵ЦˣɳٱȽƬ̵Ͼķӡ˴򶷣ֻܿˣûλɳһʶ
ԷȻʮ꣬ȴõúܣһ»ɣû˿ͣЪҶҪɲϱţԷܳȴ˵ʲôҲϡ
ԷĴ·֮£ڰããĸȥƺػؾ˲ٵĵط˴ԼһʱڵִԵǡ
ԶԶȥֻһǳͻأĸƬԭϣڳ֮¶һǡʯĳǳأͬͻ˯Ծһ㣬ΰƣ𺳡
Եǳſڵʱ򣬲ŷֳŴѾӵһ֮ڣ󲿷ҶءнܵһߣҴ󲿷ֶеͽһΪ֮䡣ȻҲԷһ׷ˡӵڳſڣ֪Ϊʲôԭ޷ǡ
Ҷͷһμ˶߾ۼһа˾ĲΪЩʿȺͨҲˡ߶һһŶǣкܿƽϰ߾ͺá
н˷ܵĳȺƼЩʿɵզࡣ
ʮȫףɫֱֳԵǵĳŴڶҪڵÿһ߽ϸŲ顣ͨˣܷнڡ
ĹΪǵĶ黺ƶš
ſڵһһ޴ĸʾ˼µĸʾʾΧۼ˲ߣָżøʾ۷׷ףɫ֮Ϊ塣ȴûһ׷˹ȥۿͨʾҲô⡣
ҶԶԶĿһ£Щ⡣
н²ܹȥΧۣܿ־˻Դͼøʾڳﷸɱ˵Ĵ£ԵǵͨˣԽһǽм顣
Ҷﻹ˻ɱˣ龭ᷢ𣿡
нͷҡ˹ģǰڳһ꣬󲿷ʱſڶҪ飬ӡҲǷһγǶѡ
һԵԷҲż£Ҳżôһطּøʾʾϰģڳﷸɱ˵Ĵ£⹫мãԲŻ̲ر˴򶷵һЩҲûλ˻ȥܡ
ҶزĿһԷɫԷһ㶼ԼİȫһҲǣҲãаҲգһ֮ȥһԷʲô
ֳʾۣ汻ͨߵͷ񰵰£Լ´ײҲʶ
ŵĶ黺ǰ
ߺ׷ǷֿǣߴŽ롣׷ӲСŽ룬̲Ҳûôϸ׷˽٣Ҳܿ죬ԷܿҶض˸ǣŲȥˡ
ߣ˽ʱֵҶء
ſڰڷһŰһ츺顣
𿴴˽ǸӳȴҲĸ֣Ҷػǿһʵ
ŴʮҲ㡢ĲҵߡϴͬһʽױҲ֪ʲôģŨϢؿڴӡһֵıǡСɵĽͼҶȻЩױȴҲܸоǾ׷ȡ
һ󵶣һϣҶغȵ·ó
·
Ҷɫ΢䣬һ··ﵹһ飬Ǵ峤ġһֱ֪ƵĹãԷڰڡܵнܵóֳ֪ʲô⣬û·ˡ
Ҷûó·ڷɲʵû·ĪǵһԵǵˣĿųһĽɫâƺĳַɨӲ̽Ҷء
ҶһǷֻһ̽鷨ûʲô˺ԣܿ̽
̽ϣûзҶ䷨෨Լò𰸼ϵһϸԱһҶأҶزǸʾϱͨˡ
ͨ񣬵ҲûΪҶأȻˣҲ·˵һ£һһˣ߻ɢޣﱸܽǡ
Ҷ̻شǴɢޣûм塣
ҶǴһûʲôĹɢޣʱһͣͷʵ˭ôһС
ǹЦ
˭֪أ֮аɡԵǸҲġСһֽ࣬ôһСҲϡ档


96 Ƥʿ
ĿеòĴ𰸣ֻܻͷҶأʲô֤ݿ֤Ǵģ
ҶԵ޹ʱЩһ٣ЩգȴΡ
һ£سǵʱԲҩõӵݣһݿڳͨе·Ϊ棬Ҫ׳һֱ·š׹ҵ·Ҳһ֤֤
Ӱｫһ۵Ͱ͵Ļֽ˳
˹ȥһſ׳ʹõ·ԱĹӡǲٵģû̫⡣ҪŪٵģܵңԶȥŪһ·
ҶصҶصϣӰһհ׵·ƣһСƵıϡҶϡС֣걸¼·ҶأʮöҶӵĲϷá
컹ԸסŪˣһڳ£Ҫ·ȷݡˣԽȥˡ
Ҷصף򵥣ڳſڽ˱ȷݣһԼ·ǡ
Ǹһ·ġҲû·ƽϼˡ·ҵˡнܴҶ˳޴롣
ƽϣǰ·
еġ
ŶȻǴҲһ¡
˹һĸɼϵңŪ˺һмһҳ۵ĵطҵСȷһϼ塣
ôһϣȻļ嶼ˣҲɢˣҪһ··úˣȥɡ
Ҷذнܵ渶·ҪʮöҶӵķãһԵǡ
˳֮нܵͷЦҶ磬һ·϶ĽСʮֲԵûǮ粽УСûʲôǮϽȥһɡ̺ẉ̂Ҫ߸ɻտ¯ιޡɼϣǮҶҪҪСһȥһɣҶϤһЩ
Ҷд㣬ЦȥɣһЩǮȥһɡȵĴһ䣬Ϥһ»ȻٿЩ顣
ǺãҶԼæСȸˡԵǲ̫󣬺ϣպټнܺҶرԵΪ죬ҴȥǮĻ
Ҷغнܸվڳſڴֵߣ֮꣬Ȼ̾ԵǼߣԵǵһ·е߼֪˶ٱ
ܶ඼һ㵽ĳߣĲ㵽нߣ洦ɼ߲ϵĸ߽ʿҲв٣żܿô
Ϊߴ󲿷ֶ߳ԵڵĽֵ֣׳ЩơֻǸֺΰϸ˺ܶ࣬涼ǴĹ⻬ƽ̹̾Ͷɡ
ÿÿ
ԵڿɽֵʱɼݴӽֵϼšϡѦϡùϡȸɫ죬ʮߴӵݶУպա
ֵϵĵͽǣĴɼ壬׷ԶܿҵЩϵĴߣһͷ·Եĵͽߵ񣬶ǳͲмһˡ
ҶҲڵͽ׵վ·ԣüͷĿĶЩʻݣһɽȸȻĲߣ˵ЩӴɼ壬ͨн׵ɢޣҲʵò֣þϤĻ翪ʼС
ڳſڴǻһ£ȥԵڵгԼ̵ȵطһ³ʲôݡʯۣ֮ԼϾԺҪԵõˣ˽һʲôƷԼΪãҪ顣
ȴŴһϵʿͰͻɫۣƲ룬һĿĹƤҩһľģһľڳſڶŹʿıĶǹʿ֮Աǣû˭ԸҪҲûм˴ŹƤϵʿ
ϵʿƼҶſͣһСƺڿǸǸߣĿоһϲæųصıҶСܹһʩ񣺡ƶˣλƺԵǲϤͷһԵǣ
ҶҪ뿪ſڣк΢΢һͷȥһòΪ˵ϵʿΪֻһѡ
Ҷޱʵʸǣ
ϵʿһæƶˣƶΪ΢еͣȴԵܣ֪ȴԵ˳۵ĸˡƶڰոԵǵĵѣ۵ʲô⣬ҪʲôƶΪѽṩ΢İæƶշѷǳˣֻʮöҶӣǱֻʮöҶӣ̽Ϣռֵ㣬ҪƶĻǳȫҲ԰Ƽȥȥ֮һ⣡


97 Ǳ
ϵʿ˵ꡣ
Ҷһ׹ԭλŹƤҩϵʿʿ
˶Եǵĵͷ֮࣬ԵǵĵͷسǼˣͷߴ򽻵ϵ˶֪
Ϊһϵʿϵʿ֪Ѷˣ֪֪ƽϼ塢ݷϼڵ𣿡
ƽϡݷϣһ£ƶһҡ
Ҷ벻ǣϵʿȻŲæĴı﷭һƾɵСƲָҡͷԣȡƶڡ
ŪС죬ϵʿûСҳ˵ҵƽݵϡϼˡ
ҶغЦĿϵʿ㲻˵֪ôһСͱסˣ
ϵʿ۹µһת֪Ҷڹĳ⣬ƤЦλ֪ˣƶķһѪ⡶ϵ֪ᡷ´£κ´̫࣬ЩС¾ûطˡϡϣϵʿ
Ҷһ£ӦûСҪеĻӦ֪
ǾͶˣûļɢ޳˼ɵжѣһʿûУ˵ɼ̧ǣûʸƶ⡶֪ᡷɼ壬ٵóôһϵʿԳƴɼģǸ˲ãٳôһᵤʿСλѣҪҪѯϢ
ϵʿΪ⣬ġ֪ᡷҲϡϵԭ򣬸ƵһɶŹƤҩֵ
Ҷطһ£ϼ塢ϼ壬ԭ㲻ɼ壬ֻǱɢ޵ĵλԸһЩѡ
Ҷش⹷ƤϵʿĿдʲôõĶһʱ֮Ҳû뵽ԼбҪʲôϵʿǣתߡ
ϵ˼ҶҪߣæӱóһ͸ˮУλѣǧߡƶĺöأԵǼаԼǱô֪Լʺһֹ𣿡
Ҷһ㶣ͣ½ŲʲôǱʣ
ϵʿæȻǱˣǱʲɣ
ҶظɻˣǣǱʲôʲôϵ𣿡
ϵʿԶʱһۣ֪ǰλȱĳЩɳʶãǮ˳Ļ
ϵʿæе
ʿӦ츳ΪĹͷϵ𡣶Ǳʣӳ̶ȣֱӾ˹ٶȡǱʵһ㣬һٵ㡣ƶѡߡרǱʵģһ̶ȴһǱʡǱʣ̤;ĵһȴ°ǧá֪ԼǱ֮󣬲źȥѰʺԼɹҪǲ⣬ҹǺɼءȣں߻ħΣաɵһҪ񣬵ԲԼǱΪءһֻҪʮöҶӣ̫ˡ
ϵʿޱȣҶҪǲǱʣҪһ
ҶһʱҲ㲻ûôأǱϵʿ˵ôҪʮöҶȻе󣬵ֵõġպѧϵϣӦЩ
ðɣҲһ¡
ϵʿϲæҶصڽֵԱߣȻҶصУҶذָ΢ķȥߡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʯƳɵģ͸Ϊ档
Ҷظո΢ķȥĿ̶ȣһһ΢Ľɫâһһĳ֣ǴĽ
ϵʿָͷһһϸš
һʮǱʡλѣĽǱͦܵʮ㣬ͨˮƽˣƶȥѧϵסûͣľϵǱʻǡ
û˵꣬ϵʿˣľʮǱʣۡľǱʱȽǱʸء㻹ѧľϵȽϺһЩ
⻰ողųڣ˾ַˣľɫâϼɫɫɫâ˶ʮ㡣ϵĸǸߴʮĵ㡣
ϵʿɫԽԽ
̾ﵽʮϵǱʣѾǷǳ˵츳ˡ
ֱһٵǱʡͻһٵǱʡ
ɴĿɿڴͣһߣҶء
ϵʿָеϵǱʼһ£ǱʵȻһһʮ㣬𺧵ͿһѼȥ
ܣһٵǱʾˣûǸܹܣܡ
ҶûпЩǱʲôˡ
ϸԪϣޱȵдšʮľʮˮʮʮʮϲĻǱӦǱʡֻ߲ĴƫһЩԪϵľֲһ¡
ϵʿ˹ƵģͷðϵߣһûáܣЩƫʵʿֻû֮ǰʱ򣬲Ǳ׼ˣκʧ󡣵֮ԪǣԲǱʣͨ΢ƫһЩƶƲ⣬λѵǱʣӦھʮҡϧȴ̯ˣÿ˶ʮҡҪǵǱܴﵽʮǿԵǧ꺱Ű֮Եǵһ˷ĳϧ̫ϧˡСֵܣȻܴˣǧҪ뿪һЩΪɵ°;翣кܶõȥ

ҶС


98 ͼ
ϵʿת¶ЦݵҲûϵҲͨʿʣڷһЩΪġλѵľǱʡϵǱʣƺߣѧľϵϵԼΪʺϡƶдϵšţľϵϵв١ƶǿƼѴѡһ⹦ſɲսʯУܱˣֻҪһƷʯܹһᡣƶﻹ֮ͬϵȵţ۸΢һЩҪֹ
ˣй
ҶһھܾϵʿƼûдʯȥϵ򹦷š
Ǹ׳ʩչһٸƶֶαŪõȡ֮ף֮ʯر֮ҲѰҡ
׻˵ңûϤԵǵĴ֮ǰɲķѰʯȥһͷ߹򹦷š⹷ƤϵʿڳſģﶥЩͼţʲôû
ȻйţƶͲǿˡ
ϵ˼Ҷغԥľܾţ٣ִӱͳһŰƴĻɫӾᣬҶص
λѣ°ġԵǵͼᣬǱͼģƶŸսĻֻҪ뼫ķܼһŴʮԵȫͼ˳ÿһַ˵ǾõĶⶫԵǱԼҵĻ԰һ䡣ƽƶɲǣƶرԵѵġҼ۸񲻹ֻۣҪʯˡѿͼΣ
Ҷغͼһ£÷ȻḡֳһԵǵȫͼ
ϽдšԵǵͼƷʯ/һ飬ǧ΢ͽӰЩϷһЩ֥ĽӲӵ˵ÿһ˵ֺС˵Щֲ֥¡
ͼСɷ㣬Ϊʵã̵ʱϤԵǣʡ²ٵʱ䡣һ£ðʯ˵ͼ
ϵʿϲԽĴ֣æ˰ʯִӱһЩСҶضۡ
ȴֵԶһŭ𣬡أǹƤʿʯһͼĹȻʯӴס㣬ǰƤɣһĿߴʮֱ뺷ĺ󺺷ŭĴţߴ˹
ƤҩϵʿһͷƳǱ뺷󺺣ɫٱ䣬ߴһã׷ծˡæҶ˵һ䣺λѣƶͻȻڼ´ˡһ̣ԵǵĽֵȥ
ӣվס
ǺȻ࣬ȴ˿׾н磬ֱ׷ȥ
Ҷŵͼһ£ȻʧЦ
Եǵͼڳתơ
ԵռʮӴʷԶ
вٵĹϹôɫֱɣ֪µķ紵ɹ߲½룬׳ۻ룬԰Եǵ֮˸ס
ֵܳӦǺģݻľʯΪ¥ַ̼æϾ֮˵ĳǳأԳںٻ׳˳ӵ״
Ҷ沽ԵĸķС
ķУԵֵĵط֮һپۼ˶λڵͽסн׵ߣ̯
ΪܶطʵҪõķУҶӺʯǻãһƷýҶӼƼۣصƷͨʯƼۡ
еڣһߣݸߣĿ̯ǰһӣṩͬࡢͬƷʯ֮Ķһ
Ҷһǰѯʣʯôһһ
۾Ҷһ£ҶصĴͨвӣƽͬʯһһǶʮ黻ʮſ顣Ҳ˵ҪжʮƷľʯһƷʯõĻôöʮľʯϷﻻʮſƷʯƷԻƷƷҲܻƷһ۸вͬ˵֮ü˵Ŀ˲ΪҶػóʯһ
Ҷаͬʯ֮Ķһȡʯ֮ĲۣⲻֻҪǧĲͬʯۺ񣬲⡣ʯһȴòʯԼԼơͷΪȥҲߣŪôʯ
Ҷشͷһע⵽ͷżֵϸСͼϼˣ
һսǲãϼĳݶ飬һӱʮߣҲ֪﾿жߡļ壬ۺкܶʯҲ֡
Ҷ˶һ۸񣬼û˼ӣȤĵͷ뷻Уȥطתơ
ǵС̯ڷڵϡ
Ϊеطܴÿ̯λ֮ͨһСμţʱߴЩ̯ǰѡʼۣЩóг


99 ľ
е̯Ϊ֮Ǹڼ鵤ֱһ㡢ġ㡢ߡŲʹãǳϸ
ʿӴΪĵͼ鵤ǽΡ
⻹бǸͼֽˮԼͼĹš龭ڶҪķԭϣҩġʯ޲ģ࣬Ŀۻҡ
ЩƷļ۸ҲĸߣҾ󲿷ֶʯмƼۣһƷʯԹһͼġǻͼԭϡ
Ҷؿŵ̯ϴƿСƿ鵤ıۣԾװŽ¶һƿզһ͡⽵¶ҲֻǹһʹãȴЧҪöˡһ¶ſԵֵЧԻҵʯ
̯żܼɢŸֵâĵ֮ƷҶȥһѯʣ֪ЩʿõǮҲҪһٿƷʯߵҪٿƷʯ
ʱҲòЩıȥ
ҶţԼһʲôϻƷʯԼһСƿʮĽ¶ԹĶʵǲࡣ
֪ⷻû˭⡶š
Ҷֹš
ĵһ㣬ÿԴת߸죬ϸ˿â˵ʱѾÿתʮ죬ʮ˿âҲ˵Խ߲㼶еĴԽࡣûƥֻ֮ÿֻܴתʮ죬޷Ӱâٶȡ
Ȼ˵Ҫÿý¶ԪҲͣ°Ҳ⣬һԪһ㡣
оҪɹƽ¶ҪĸƷ¯ҩ֮ࡣЩΪҪӦðЩ˵
ԭ¯̫أسǵСԺԱﹺһ¯źҵһЩ߼ݺ鵤䷽ϸϣԼֲԼǾ͸ˡ
Ҷţڷи̯λڵҹ䡣
ֵ̯к֮ܶҩģƵǣڵ̯ϳ۵ҩĶɹ˵ĲҩɲΪɹɵҩģҲϸֵĻ
ҶһСһڷһƷ̯λϡ
ֻ̯ϰڷżӣ˼ۣ/һƷʯ
Ҷвһͣ
ɹɵҩĿ϶ֲǻģӦÿְɡ
ӣһۿڲģͨѴ˶٣ǲʶʲôӡ̧ͷʵʲôģ
λ磬һľľӣʩչľϵ
̯һʮŮϡķӦڶˮ׼һĽŮĴ磬ˡ
Ҷʵľӣⶫʩչ𣿡
ŮЦȻˣľһľľ쳣ͣͨϣСϴḷ̌ľأԾʩŲƹʱܹͬʱӳơľЧʩչϵȲ֮һ𰺹ĵͽʿ˵ʹֲսǳáľʿмǳܻӭ
Ҷزɵ˵ͷ
΢Щʧ
ⲻΪݵӣԪûаҪģǿݣʩչĲ֡
˵ùͨҰٵһ㣬΢һЩֱܹӱϲ١
һֱûжӡ
˵ʩųľļͣһǿҵľعĻܷӳ൱ɱˡ
ܹԼһִĹַҲֵá
Ҷ뵽ѾЩĶֱӵֻǣӱҪһƷʯδ̫һЩ
ŮչһЦĵĽ͵Բ󰡣ľʮʮ꿪ʮ졣Ҫʮ꣬ĳ콬źпʩӡľʩŵĲֵͨĲ縿ӵиǿĹҲȹ֮ķֽ㡣һͼĻҪһƷʯءֻΪǴϿǱ߲ɼģҪķԭȥԲűȵͽ׵ķֽˡ
ҶҡҡͷⶫǺãֻڻò
ֵܿʵˣҷгкܶҩۣɹҩģǻġ֪лݳ𣿡
ݣ
Ů촽ˬʵЦλ磬İɣԵǵݣ󲿷ֶǳʿϿǱ߲ժģϿȾԵ֮ңԶ뿪Ļ֮׿ήǳױ棬治Ļ׸óΪϲݡʿǶǰǺɹٴֻиҩģûлݡҪһģȥϿȡǵطɲѰʿһȥõġ


100 ɣɾ
Ͽȣʲôط
ҶЩɻ
ԵǣûٳȥɱȲóڡԵǵʿ塢ϵΪĲˣû³ȥܡٻάԼֻҪСĽһЩ㰲ȫҪϻжĸ߽ߣ˶֪ôһ¡
ʵûֲ𣿡
Ů̯λϰڷŵļһЩǳͼСƷ·ʿǴҴɨһ۱뿪ûʲôʽҲûʲô飬ɴĵŷ۵ӣҶˣŴ۾˵
ҩĵʱܳͼҩҪ꣬Ҫʮܳɲġ΢һЩҩģҪʱһ궼СԵǴ󲿷ֶɢޣɢ˭Ըķʱȥҩģҩĳ󣿵Ȳҩֳɢ޿¶ֵҩҲֻܱ˱ˡ
ЩѪеɼ壬ڣлרſֲҩĵԡңҩҲֱ֣ҩҪǳĸߣҪǳĵطСĺõطɸռˣûǸɢܶӵĵطԵǵشߵĸ֮ϣϡֲҩͨҩĵֻ֣ǶýǮֵüǮ
ҶƣҲҩⲻǱȥǴϿ
ɢҪҩô죬ԵǸֻǸʲôϿлҩģ
Ů조͡һݸЦϿȣԵǵԼϿȾ˵ǳǳĳа泤ݡǸϿ걻֣ƽʱûж˸ȥҪȥѰһݣֱȥϿѰұˡֻǣǸطǳΣŶﲻ͵޳ûѪԵɱħͷרɱͼ߽ȡƻûĸɢ޸ҵȥΣյĵط
ҶüͷϿȻΣյޣزģûʲô˽⣬ΪѰȥΣյĵطʱڳסţԼʵȥϤĻ˵ɡŮļľӵǿ¡Ȼȥ̯λϿǷҵҩӡ
Ҷ漴鵤㻻ľӣô
Ůһ£ЦȻˣЩǮҲȥ鵤ġҪ鵤ĻÿԸһʲô鵤ͬ鵤۸ȫһġ
¶
Ҷشӻóһƿ浹һԲɫҩһƵϢ
ŮԲһ˫崿Ĵ۾ӹ¶ϸһ£ȵѽȻǽ¶鵤ʺһƷ鵤һֵֵƷʯ̫ˣҪ鵤ͻƵءλ磬ж¶Сľ㶼ȥɣֵƷʯ⣬һ̯ϻĶԭϣҪʲôֻҪеĶȥ
ҶЦЦǰڷתһȦѾ˽⵽ͼ鵤ļ۸һ¶Ʒʯļ۸ʵġ̯ϣֻľӡֻҪӣϸֱˣҪ˶Ҳûʲôá
ֻҪӣĲҪһҶƷʯˡ
ŮһһŸտأûжʯѾҪҶص鵤Ҷؿл̯ƷײʱˣɫЩˡ
һҧᴽӻóһϸСĺ«ԼĴָСС«װŵǳɣƣɰζҩĺʮζҩҩžŰʮһҩģȪ֮ˮƵĳ¾ƣԻָǳЧҪͱ˶ڷĽˣֻҪһڣڼ̵ʱڻָһЩķʿʱΪʵõһƷС«װһСɾƵķѸٻָķС«ֵʮ顭ʮһƷʯٿԻһЩĽ¶ټľӣպÿԻĵƿ¶𣿡
ŮС«Ŀ͸¶һ˿ԵĽװһ۰Ͱ͵ӣҶеĵƿҪС«Ľ¶
ҶŮĽܣЩȣָС«
Ķֱӻָ
ǵȻˣһƭ㲻ɡţζܸоɣɾƵļֵ
ŮС«ݸ
ҶؽӹС«С«滹Ů㣬ɫЩ΢졣ϱιȥƿӣһ㴼Ũ˱Ƕ˾һ
Ҫ֪´ָٶʮֻҪһָܻеķ
ҶΨһ֪߷ָٶȵķʯַָֻ΢ѡһѣͬܺʱ䡣
Ҫɣɾƹڼ̵ʱڣٻָĻڹؼʱܹĺö뵱ҪôһɾƣҲسǵ¥һȺΧôǱ
ҪǣɣɾҪܶҩʱ޷ϸֱֳģҲôɾơһС«ĳɣɾűãûл
ҶغԥİС«Ҫˣ㻹ûɾƣеĻҶҪˡ
ŮҶ󷽣ȵСͷæҡͷûˡֳɣɾƵҩǳ󣬶ҹɣƵʱ䣬Ҫ֮áԵɾÿһ̳ɣƣܿ챻·ɢ޸⡣һС«ұ͸ҵģűõġҪѾڶĶ壬뻻Ľ¶㣬Ҳ᲻ýóء
Ҷضû˵ֱӴӵƿֵ¶ܹһС«ĳɣɾƣľӡ


101 ¯
ŮҶص¶ʱȵŴСͣ۾ŵĶҶĵƿ滹жٽ¶ҶҪ
Ҷһµƿ棬ЩΪѵв٣ʮɡԼõģҪĻҲ㡣ֻ̯ûҪĶˣʲô
ʮҸﻹһö˵õţŮϲĪһ£վҶصܵʮಽԶһ̯λ
Ǹ̯̯Ǹʮ꣬òŮò񣬴ԼΪͬһɫһѺʱΣڵأĿ˼ڤ롣
Ļֻ̯һһ߻ͭģ¯
ǻͭ¯ͷ󣬴ԼһƴСǼأ¯żªĻƣΪ¹ŵ䣬һۣͭɰ¯һٶʮƷʯߵȼ۵鵤
̯ϱûĶ
ҶؿǼ۸񣬶ʱզࡣͭɰ¯ôô󣿶һͨеļˡ
żôһɢ޴̯ǰ߹һ۸񣬱ҡͷƲ죬߿
Ůԣҡ֣ڤ˼нѣ磬¯λ磬Ľ¶Ͼкܶ鵤Һܿܳˡ
Ҷȴʵͭɰ¯ʲô¯ӣ

ضˣŮȻ̧ͷ˻̯ǰվŵҶأҶᣬȴΪ߳һ㼶΢ʮֿýͨõƹֵ
λֵܣ½¯ͭɰ¯¯ʿȡͭɰַƶɵΪˣ¯ͻܼߣȫ͵סʿܴʱ䣬һ߳ƷʡɹʣʿļƷ¯¯㵽ڣҲɿá¯ֵһʮƷʯֻҺüŽǮԲŴ۳ۡλֵҪͭ¯ĻҪһٶʮʯУߵȼ۵鵤Ҳԡֵ֪ûôʯ鵤
Ҷ֪ʿҲǻĻ԰ͨĸֵճ֭ҽƽеУͿ¯ֵֵˡ
Ǿȣ΢һ£ȻҼŰ¯ȥһҪ˵һ䡣¯ͨʿʵûҪΪͨʿżôһزһεֻҪ۵׷õ¯ˡϰٿʯİ¯˷ѡֻоʿ¯ֳãŻ㡣λֵܿʿǵĻҽûͨ¯ӱˡ
ҵȷʿ
Ҷƽ˵
ⷻתƵʱ򣬱ǹԼʲôסԵڣҺʿѵݣʿˡ
ǰԵǵ·;нĵʱ˽⵽ߣ˷֮⣬ʵҲְֺܶҵʿʿƷʿԦʿƾʿȵȣǳࡣÿһɼ壬רĳһ츳ѵֱΪʿϼԣǡӡʿһü¯鵤
һ΢ʿݳԵڣ׽ԼȴΪߣҲԽԼΪʲôô鵤̫Ļɡ
ҶغƤССĺһ£ԳǺңԶһСһɼˣСרǺȥֻ֮ǰԵѰһᡣոյܶ黹Ϥ
Ҳû˻׷ףǲõĳ©ӡ
ŮüЦϲ̣ҶҪʿĻö˵¯ȥˡ
ӾȣıȭֵԭˣλֵԭǳɼˣʧʧֵȻҵ䣬ֻҪôһϺõ绹ܹ塣ԵУʿǺټҲܵӡҪͭɰ¯ضܹ°빦ˣҽܣλɣǱһΪԵɺϲ̤;ʵҲ֮ǰŸոԵǣֵһԵǵˡҾ±ȲֵܡȻԵʶһ¡
ҶҲˣλøһǽټΪҲΪֵýύȻƴǣԵǣܽʶλͬ˵ʿٺҲ
һȭЦҶأʶλҲԵͭɰ¯Ҫһ£ܾǷ¡
ܵ˵ͷ
Ҷͷųһ»ͭɰ¯ڵ¯棬ûշһͭɰ¯ճ֭ҽֻͭɰ¯ٵĺù̡
һ㣬֤¯ӾǷɱȡͲסա
Ҷĵ˵ͷϨеĻ
ƿĽ¶˳ԼʮеʮĽ¶˳ȡõͭɰ¯
У۴ƿСƿ鵤˲٣һƿڵͽʹõĽ¶˵ע⡣


102 
磬ʮ¶лᾡͻڶ㣬Ҳϣʱͻ㡣̫ˣ˵ʮ·ݣһȥϿȡ
УʱֻҪﵽ㣬ʹȥǴϿȡ
ܡö˽¶ϲ˵ţæõƿЩ¶װá
Ҫ֪ͭɰ¯ɲһԵǳɢޣͨɢ޲õ¯ɼʿͨԼ¯󹺡
ⷻпʮ죬۳ۣȴʶûмһ¡ͭɰ¯ȥˣһ鵤
ɵĵ̯϶һЩֵǳ͵ԭϣܹҲֵüƷʯ̯ܵΨһͭɰ¯Ҳȥˡ
Щ鵤öҲ̯ˣ˻̯ҶȥסĿջһ
Ҷ磬ɴһɣԺǵõϣɺ˷ܵĶҶ˵
ǰ
ҲԴҶֵܣҺã⻹жλԵǲõĻ飬ԵڵһСջдĵá㲻Ҳһ£סǼСջȥǺϻ
Ҷرǵġ߶ȡŪЩͿ
ҪԵǽʶһЩߣϤĻҲûбҪһɣ
ܼҶɣ̰еĹؼ˵˳
Եǵɢ޷ǳ࣬ոȴ١ɢ޺ӵдԭϣԶĴҲ٣ʧܼȻߡõһҩģԼȴûа鵤ôõİ취ǻһʲƵĹǮЩơ
˫кôҩĵܸߵĻõ鵤˲ܽ˻øԭϣԼܻһЩǮơ
ÿҶġɢޡһǺѻԭϵģˮƽȻỺĻҶأãкô
ܼһЩֵ֧֣ǾͲͬˡǾҶֵѰԭϣŹڼĽ׶ΣԵһ꣬кܶĽǰѰԺҶֵܵӿɾͺùˣҲմ⡣
ҶطԵԥ
Եڸ֮˽ύʶһЩͬеˣ档ֻǣĿҲǮϸֳ㹻ҩԭҪ˸ṩʲôԭϡȥʲô̫ע˷ʮֵĲסֻԼΪɽӵԱѡͱһһЩҪ鷳
϶õʢûҶضġ
Ҷƽľܾϰһ˰ޣͲȥǣǵһסΪáȻǲɼԭϣҪĻҲæ
ҪٶȰ˵
£ô̯𣿡
һĴɤţӷڲԶ
˴סͷȥֻһĿ࣬Ŵֲĺ󺺣󲽴˹ܵĻ̯ǰܵ˴к
̻¶ͭɫĽʵ⣬Եñ뺷ޱȡϸǺ󺺵ɫȴһЩ֮
Ҷ϶ʱ¶Źֵɫ󺺡ƺڳſģλȥ׷Ƥϵʿծĺ󺺡󺺸ʶ
̳ǺЦ¯λֵȥˡϺڣʯ׷ûУ
ûˡӽַǹƤʿڳſƭˣ׷˹ȥ̵ģͷǹƵģСˡ»ҴǰƤɡ
һҡͷͻȻ̯Ա߻վһˣһ£ҶأףҺ㣬ǲڶŸǸƤʿŸое죿
ҶЦҿûǵʿţһšԵǵͼᣬ˰ʯ
ԱӾ֪ǹƤʿǺöרƭ˲ƻҸ㰡ͼڳľһʯܹķݣ̧һļǮ
ҶɻͼϲżǮʯ𣿡
յҵʱҲôİ֪ͼֻּҪҶþʿܹ۸ģһļǮҲǼ򵥵顣
Ҷһ£ЦС
ܳ԰οˣҲôʯ˸ƭӣ´Сıϵˡ
ʹļǲţǻƷʯ㹻úóһʱ䣬ôܾôˣУһõȥңǼϵٻˡˣλСͭɰ¯ˣ
ǡ
һ£λϺڣٵʱԵżȻʼɣʦһ²ԵǵģҲǸö˽֮ͬһλҶֵܣǸոսʶģӺԶĹһɼʿ
æҶغϺڽܡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㵣ʦɲ򵥡ȻѾߣڲҩϻʼһҩѧͽأ롰ʦɲ˺üΡ
Ĵʦֵþýǹֵ֣
󺺼æ֣ϺûԲǽϵһףѧĹأϺھоˡϺʦûʲôҫģ˼ɼַ˼΢һıһѣͽҪǱЩרʿҪЦϺˡ
ҶЦЦ漴գδ⡣ϺĴθڣҲŪЩǡ
ϺڣҶֵܸǽأ㿴ô
ܳ˵
ҶСҶСڼˣ̫˵ĻǿɲհȥϿȵʱ򣬿ҪϺȵġ
󺺼Ҷ̫ᣬЩ⡣
ЦҶֵܵΪԲͣһأ
󺺾ȣæĿ̽һҶصΪһ̽Ҫһɴ۾ҶأŵָҶأѽʮ߰꣬ĲˣϺһСͣôģѵ̥￪ʼ𣿡
һֱɵվԱߵɣʱȴС죬ڵϺڸ磬Ҹ粻˵Ҷһʿм鵤ٶȻıͨʿˣʲôֵġ
һ۵ָͷҶĲ㣬ϺڸĲ㣬Ҹһƿ¶֮ҲͻƵĲ㣬ڿջ᷶ϸҲĲ㣬ҲˡҪټϱ࣬㡣
ͷһˡĲϡʮ·ݵʱһȥϿȵĻ͸аˡ


103 ɢޡ塢
ҶúϺǼ̸ʮ·ȥϿȵ飬˶䡣ϿȲǺΣΪʲôǻҪϻȥðգ
ЩŪ״
Ҷ磬ŻСʮˡʮ£һȥϿðհɣҲҪѰҲҩϿкܶݡ
ҶػûдӦһȥأæѯʡ
Ҷһ£ΪʲôôеȥϿðգ
һСԴѽŸԵǣܶ鶼֪ءϿȣߴɵժйϵһᡶԵǹʷԵǡϿȵԨԴ㿴ˡӻ̯ϼ۵СӣݸҶء
ҶؽӹСӣֻбʮҳʷǣݲࡣ
һ£ŪһЩ顣
ܾǰ;½ڹսߣЩֵ֮˼ٵһ׷ߣЩ֮Ϊ˽ĵ𽥴ʮٸҾۼһ𣬽
ʼǽĿĺֻܵרɹѡ
רе룬ЩоķһЩݿһЩʯƵķϿǿ̿Խѱ󷨿ɱУרɽģ𽥷ֳߴҪɡԦޡ󷨡ޡȻһЩ֧ܡȵȣΪֻ΢һ¡
ЩɽڿʼȵͻڣԪǣ̤;ڡ
ӴԺҲڵеϣָҩʯַͨʽٶΪʵ
Ȼҵǳɢǵ
Ǻķʱ䣬ҵһǳܼĵطϿȡϿǧɣʮƣݼȡ֮֮ߡھϿȽĸԭϣһΰĳǳأǾͽȡġ
ǳأʷϺպԵǡ޵߸Դ֮ء
½ĹԼкܶƵԵǣ඼ǽǳĵطϿȸԵǣ½ڶԵеһѡ
ЩԵǰϿȡԭϡ
ǧϵķֽ֦ܺɢҶγɼ壬Щɼ岻ֻϿѰǰܱڹѰռأż̡
κϿڵ࣬ҲܲסǧµĲȡ࣬ɽʼ񻯡
Ϊϡٵɽƴ
ߣȷΪ顪ɢ޴ˡˡ
ɢƵۼԵڣȫϿȵɼ˶ڣǲֻԵǣɢȥռɢ
˫Ϊõﲻ໥ȳӣÿǧҪһδս
ҵĴսԵǶ˶ݻ١
Եǣؽ˲ʮ֮ࡣ
һֱɽ
һгԶ۹⣬ʼߵߣǽ֮ԵǣɹʮϿȣִϿȵĶ桪ɽ
ɽϿӵе࣬̾ᣬա
ЩʼߵߣɽޣռõɽͶȣɽţɡ
ͨɢ޺ͼ廹ΪԵǺϿʱȴɽԴΪʼǣһռ˾Եʵλ
ڸɵǿƽ֮£ɢ޺ͼڴɺͽ⣬ͬ⻮ֵ̡
ɢԵΪݵء
ɼ˻صڸҵĵ̣ԵΪݵء
˫ҵĻƴͻ
ڣΧϿȸԵǣԵķ̸ֳڵɢˡɼ塢ɡ
ɢˣСȴΪǿԵڣʮоŸɢޣԺüٸҡɢһʿɼᵤڵɢʿԵǵĴ֡
ɼ壬ǳӴ󣬵ΪɢԵΧٸңʵɢЩиԵȹ̵ĵ̣ӸԵĵڻҪʯݣżԵסϵɼ壬ͨӵΪϵʿЩнᵤʿ
һΪǿʺʵľʿɡԽϿȣɽɽռõɸأҲϵĴɢ޺ɼ츳õߡ󲿷ֵʿᵤʿڸﵮġ
ãϺ֮ԴȥϿðգɵһйϵ
Ϊ˻ɢ޺ͼΪĳͻÿʮ֮ǰԵǷһΡѡ顱İģֻҪɰϵ񣬱ʸɡ
ҪɰϵͨȥϿȲС


104 
ѡ顱ơ顱ǸԵѡӵһķʽԵǵɢǣϰ߳һԾŵ飬Ϊժɰġ
Ҷ˹ϿȣνֱӹϵѹúϺڣȥϿðգʮС
ϺȰĴץҶصļͷ޵ҶС粻ʮ㵽Ĳ㣬һоʿ񣬼ɵϣܴ󰡡
Ҷû뵽Ϻڵ󣬸оԼļͷһֻǯ͵Ŀһ£ʹһ͡

ϺڷԼ̫ˣæɿ֡
Ҷżͷǲղһ·ǰĹͷ鲻ɡɣ嶼һЩѲѣ
ȻˣһٸʿҲδһҪʵҲҪԵ
һʱҲҶ˵ЩʲôΪÿɵѡӵı׼ͬȻҲȫһɴཨôҶȥһ˳ĵԵȥһȥ﹫ġ
ţõġ磬Ұ̯ϵЩȥɣҴҶȥԵ
ɽ̯ӽȥ
һͷˮҶأ뿪˷УԵԵ
ԵԵҲǳϵһطͬʱɢµصأ⿪ţǰվһЩɢ˵֮˸ȥ
ǲҪȥ
ΪԵĵǰһ޴տĹ㳡㳡һһ޴Ĺʯƣĵطκ˶ۿ
㳡żЩʿҴҾҶһոյִԵǲʿ֮⣬ͣ
ÿʮ·֮ǰ﹫һһȵġ顯ɰϵ񣬾ͿԼɡɰͷСɵָָŴʯϵİģҶؽܡ
Ҷص˵ͷʯϵһһŹ˵ľϸȥ
ʯϷһֻŰģֱߴʵǿɵĽԼ񡣶ʯ·ʮСһİģһЩСɵĽԼ
ɵ˵ߴɵӵãҲСɵ΢һЩѶȻҲ΢һЩӲ˴ɣСҲܱ벻Ҫǿ
ɣ죬ѶҲȻͬеҪɼʮֺݣеҪѰһּϡĿʯеҪѰĳƷȵȡ
ЩƷռص㣬󲿷Ͽȡ
ȻˣҲһЩɵǳ֣ߴ֮һĹȥ飺ʦԶΣȫޡṩ׼ȷɡ
һ˵񣬱Ǻܼ򵥵ġһɵʦǽᵤʿת˲ҪҵһᵤʿȥѶȼֱȵ컹Ҫʮ
Ȼǧٹ֣еɶг˼ͽĻҪһ.ϵʮǱʣʮ£츳ʿֱӽκһɡ.ͨǱʵʿһϵΪŰʦ֮񣬷ܰɡ.ڡƷԦޡ󷨡ֲȷнϸ츳ģһ֮ӵȼȨ.¼ȡޣȵ¼¼꼴ֹ
ҶؿӣĵϵʮǱʣҪֱӽǲܡ
²ڰϵЩ񶼹ˣ㿴Сÿʮ¼֮ǰɲŻỻһµǸʱԵǵɢޣиҵɼʿ㳲ԵǣȻȥϿԻýɵĻᡣ
Ҷغǵʱж񰡣
ҡͷ֪Ҳǰ²ŸԵǵɢ޾кü򣬼ϸӿɼԱиʮ֮ڰɡÿ걻ǽȴᳬһǧˣ϶ķǳҡҶ磬ĸɰĸɣЩ׼źá
ҶѾʯе鶼һ飬ĿͣߴУλġ൤šϡ
൤ţΪɣóڸʵ൱ۺȥǰϿȲɼʮּϡҰݣѶȱΪߵһΪеһֶѰң˵ͬʱҵеʮˡ
鲢һͻÿ궼һΣеʱü궼ͬһ˵꣬൤ŻУ¼ӡЩ鳣Ҳһ꣬ʮ꣬Ҳδмܹ
Ҷؿһ£൤ŰɣΪ֣൤ſԼҵϱСأһɵ񣿡
Ƥ˵Ҳ㣬ûе֮ǰҸ粻ȥϿðաҪҶĽ¶ˣİ֮ǰСʱ䡣֮ǰ㣬ǾͺˣʱԸһȥϿðաǸɣ˵ˡЩ̫ѣʮ֮㹻ʵˣϵɡҾ͵ϤȥϿһ䡣
ҶؿЦҲУ


105 ϹŹ
ҶȻӦõһȥϿȣǲûдͬһջͬޡ
ܾɵ˵룬ڳһ䲻۵徲Сջס¡
ɷġ顱С꣬Ҫи׼
ǵԼڻĲʵʵԵм䣬ԵʮͨЩƫ͡
ϿڵΣԤ⣬ΪԽߣȫԽбϡԼΪȥȵ
Ĳ֮ý¶ЧѾ󡣱Ͼ鵤һ㵽߲ԵЧѰ˼ţǲǻһ߼һЩ鵤áֻǣû߼鵤䷽ûݡû취ȼŽ¶ɡ
⣬ġֻһ㵽Ĳо
СĹҶڳҵһᡶƪҡš˵ǹϹţصջʱɫЩ˵ĹŹ֡

飬ôȥѰ˵Ҷڷûз˭ţڡԵǵͼ﷢Եרų۸๦ŵϲ֮£һ󣬽ȥѯʡ
ڡ

ҶҪֹţ˼һеӡӦڹż֮УҲһ¡
һĹĿ¼ڹżģһŵҵˣֿﻹʣһᡶλ̨Եȣҽȥȡ
Ըһ̴ӣȥĲֿȡ
ҶڵţɹĿ¼ơа̾ɹžȻ֮࣬ǧᡣ
һ̴ӴӻȡһֽʺϣǺµĻƤ˵
õ鷭һ£λ̨⡶ʿ൱ټҲֻʣһ±ˡ
ҶϲĽ˹ȥͬʱɻ±
ǰԵϹʱڵɹ֮һΪĴƪԤƪǹ񣬴߹ɡƪҡһŲ㹦ƪԪһŲ㹦ƪԪȱǽᵤһŲ㹦
ҶصõһϢʮǺܹɹǺ
Ц⵹ǡԵڵһ߳ΪߵʱһоһɹԵʷԶͳɹ֮һǸʱɽķǳãһۼȺо˽Ǹʱġ
ԵǺܶഫ˵еϹʿõֹɲ˵ڵͼʿҲЧһ㣬ڸ߼ʿкصЧ
ŹصûκҪڡҡҪһоԪ̣ƽȣ׳ƫҡھŲʱȴһ⡣
ҡһȻȱݣھŲʱŹĽϢԽԽء˵ھŲ㣬˼ȫҷգϾһϢϵһ֡𡯵İ״̬޷ͻƽĻô״̬һֱԪľȻ׹ϵʿԲҪðܴķա
һֺܹ۹⣬ҶءĿҶȥһ
ΪȱݣԺ֮˴˴ȫרһٶȸΪݣҲﵽڵھŲ֮ʱΪ޷ͻƶֵЩµȣȱݺԣֹϹ˱÷ǳ١
ֵ㻹ᣬֹͣ⡶һָȫĹ
ƼĹţľ龭龭ȵȣרһȡȫɿٶȺܿ졣
Ҷɫúѿû뵽ԭһȱݡ
ԥҪҪ
Щ᲻ãԼѾˣ߹ѵ·ָ̣鲻һ¾ġ
Ȼкܶ޶׹ҳɹĽߵľ磬ûͲ
Ҷҧŷϵ촽¡
ǲᡶ£䷭һ£ȴһ⡣ôֻƪġҡƪԪƪԪȱ
һ׵ģֻǰһʿеƪƪȥˣֻƪڼûʲô˻ȱݵĹԱҲûȥռ֪ɣֹŴڵᵤڵȫ汾ҡƪԪƪԪȱҪȥѰңӦÿҵ
̨ʮ߰ﵽĲ㣬츳ǲġھŲٻҪ޶ʮꡣܲܳɹ˵ͶһŴ棬ҵŵƪƪҲǺܼ򵥵顣̨Ҳؼȥ׹ƪƪƪþͳˡ
ֻһƪҡһھŲĹҲһˣڲֿҲռطҪĻɴ㣬ۼƷʯ
ҶĽͣ˵ͷ⡶ֻƪԪȱᵤھͽˣѵûˣ
ɫȻˡ˽ᵤ֮󣬱ԪӤˡ־磬ʿĹͨԴʺԼĹЩԪӤڵ漶ʿѵóԴ̨ɲҪøԶһƪڹֻҲͨʿһˡ
Ҷ׹Ϊʲô⡶ֻдߡڵᵤڵԤϡСƪԪӤ֮ҪԴС
һ£Ʒʯˡƪš
ûȥ󡣾ǵ˵ģһڹѾ㹻ˡûҪøԶȥҸ߲εĹǴֻ˷ʯ

ġƪصջ֮ҶֻпЦڵھŲ㣬С𡯵ķգ㷲
Ը
ôˣ׼ǰϿȵ顣ԼڵھŲ㻹̫ԶˣûҪôࡣ
ҶҡҡͷصԼ᷿˨ϣϥءͭɰ¯ľӡһС«ĳɣ˳ĿƷʯϸڻʮ꽵¶ݡԼŷס
ļҵ׶ˡ


106 
ҶڳһСջס¡
ͭɰ¯ȵǣͭɰ¯ϸڡϸģϸȱԴֻܵջṩȥ
ջרΪʿṩڣҶ¯ǰ¯רṩľľ̿ճɫͨľҪϺܶ࣬һƷǳȶʡΪѡ
¶ʮึҩȪ֮ˮͭɰ¯У¯ǡȻľ̿Ѿǧƽ¶ˣַʮ졣ͭɰ¯ĸͷЩСһֻ¶ֻҪ¯סżľ̿ȵʱϸס¯ʱҪرչˡ
ҶذѰһľľӵֽ˳ȡеһʶϸڡ
ϸڣڽŽ¶ݵԱߣרŻһµֲľеһɫľϵʯľӽࡣ
ֲ¶ݣѾϤֻʹɫľʯǰɫʯ¶ݡǻʯֽ¶ݵĻ¶ϾͻΪ¶Ҫϡ
ĻľϵʯӦҲľ
ȡһɫľʯһľӡľӷˣһЩʯĩȥӶ˶ܿƿӲǣѿʼ
Ҷشϲ
Ȼãľ󣬽ܿջѵľӡ
ʯĩ
ʹ˽ʯ֮ľѾһùľҿʼһʮۺ컨Ƕ䡣Ȼ󡭡һбֹͣˡ
ҶôľʯĩľҲûȥʯеûټȥȻҲûнҶҪĽ
ҶʮƣɫĹľƮţ㲻ԭ
Ȼľܿôһȱһڣ
¶ݿֱӽӣΪʲôľأ
Ҷ˰죬ҲûŪôһ¡
ʶϸ˳صҡ
Ҷִֽȡһľӡûаϸڣֱӹסľʩչ
һԣľʲôЧ
ʩϡ
ҶɨһңѰĿꡣ
ָһ
ŵľ̼ȥһǵһϡľӷѿ֦ĳܿ콫ӸסꡱһżӲӱľǿƸֱյķѡ
˺һľĲƲͣ
Ҷ߹ȥһľ
ľָ֦ϸɫƤ泤һЩ糤ɫ̣Щˣ˵ǺŨҵľءж඾ûԹ˵
ҶûнҩȥЩ̡
ľļƺ͸֧ãʩ֮󲻾ã𽥿ήɳľͲ˵ˡ
ҶСס֦ûд̵ĵطʹһ£ľ쳣ļͣ޷ϡֻʩչ塱ҲԱϡ
ЯĲҩСһ£˰յʱ䣬ǿľ֦һƤҪȫϣ˵Ҫʱ䡣֪һԣܲһ¿ϡ
ҶضľļͣǱȽġ
ľûʲô㣿
Ҷ˼һ£׶ԸľͷģӦǽ𡢻ɡĬϷܿðһСźɫĳһ򡣴˳ȥľϡСմľϣɺԵȪˮһصڵȼ̶ʮϢ֮ڣ㽫ľ֦ȼճ˻ҽ
ҶȻ
ľȻޱȣͨѶϣȴҲͲסաľȼչŨؽζ֮УҶرʣͻȻŵ¯ðһ˿˿ĵҩ㡣
ѽôҪˣ
Ͻص¯ԱߣŻƣ׼ͭɰ¯ĳʱ䣬Ҫ¯˺ü

СջڣǱޡ
תСȥ쵽ÿһȸ·ѡʱˡ
ҶСӴĵͼ¶ľ硣⽵¶Ȼǵͼ鵤ôҲܲһЩЧһ㡣
нףҪԪԪ׳Ľ׶Σľϵͻƺ͸򷴶٣̫ԡ
һգһϸСĽͻȻӴҶصķڡ
Ҷϴǵ⣬üͷһһץǵĽץס̯һһ糤Ľɫֽﴫ÷ģȥۣ֮һǰϿȵ顣
Ҷһ㶡
ôҪȥϿˡαǱޣѾһû뿪ջ벽ˡҲգѾͻ㣬Ҳóȥˡ
ԵǵĽֵϣɫҴҵԱն˺ܶࡣƽʱֻܿǧ֮ڣٸҵɢ޺ɼʿ˳ӿĸо
Ҷ뿪Լڿջڵſջ
ҿջòǺԶ
Ҷÿһʱ䣬ȥݷһܡãϺڡˡϵżŪһԭϣҲæ
СѾΪ硣
Ҷ¥㡣¥мǴڷһЩΣϷŲ輸᷿¥Ѿ¡ġ˰Ŀǰסߣһ
ֻһʹ꣬һͭɫĺ󺺣ڴţ̸ʲôһŮŮľš
¥ȣվһһɫ״أЩݰľګεֳһ֪ʲôʱϿڼ䡰֮Ҳ
Ҷϵ¥ʩ񣬵Ҷֵˣҵڵأ룡
ң롣
ҶһţԶʮֵľ
ǱˣǺáϺһΪϲֱϷΪᣬһš
˵ԳƣٵʱΪҾƶпʰһţֻǺ壬֪ԼɡʱȤҲ󣬷һȡ;ûȥҫ档ϧλѧҵ޶ֻۣһţ֮Ļ䣬˹;Եɺ֮ߣ֪ԼĲѾǡˡõߵָ㣬ǧԵǣڳʶϵˣһͬύ
Ҷصʱ˷֡е֮磬ô˴棬ᶼôİɣ
淶˴ϡϺڵ˹ЦЦ˼λõˡ


107 С
Ҷֵˣ̸ءãһ˵˵
¡Ķ˼Ҷˣϲк
Ǻܿ췢ҶϵЩˣֻи߲ʿԵͲʿŻѹǲ̽һҶصΪϸӾ
Ϻڵɴ۾ҶСѾˣϺڸ߳һ㣬ôģ
ɸ˵վĿҶʿ鵤ȻЩϺڸ磬˭Ǵء㵱Ҫȥ˵ô졣
ϺھҲǣԴ
ҶصЦͣұѾĲĶˣϸ±һ£һЩչҲΪ档֣СöλҲѾĲ㡢ô
ҶֵܵĽչԶˡ
ܿЦԱȡް꣬Ҷصʮ¶ڲ֮ǰ̤Ĳ㡣ǰ΢ҫһ£ʸҶġƽƽû뵽תҶѾ㣬ְںˡ
Ҷڴһ£ʵȥϿȵ飬Ǿô
һ£Ѿұ࣬ӦúܿͻˡұȥϿȣǻǵ˵ɡ
Ҷص˵ͷ
õ磬Եɢ˵һѲ߶СӳΪĸߣʮѾ㡣ƽҪִԺ
ñǽӵܣܹ̤;˵кܴĹϵǵһ˾ߣżȻȥݷ¼ҵʱ򣬷ɵ㴫ɷɷгɣԵǡǱչ£ö˲˳
ƽʱæջ
ҶֻżȻһΣûн̸֪ΪʲôжԵǵѲ߶ӣûʲôøУЩų⡣ǵʱԵǵ䳰ȷһͨйϵҲЩ˲ʲôϸ
òϣԵǴʮ꣬Ǹḻ֡һִȥϿȣ϶ܹȫһЩ

˵ʱϺ̲סʼԹ໹ʱ¥صĳؽŲһΰɫʿ¥ڴſڡ
˴ͷţȫװͷסѥӡ󡢻ȣؼϿŴɢ˵Сһ𣬺Ŀһ߳貵Ľ⽣Ŀҫۡ
ԵѲ߶ӵı׼ʽװȫ׵ֲһ׷ӵмߵķӵмߵĹ
ʿľʯȥȡ侫ʮգƳһס׿źܱһͷһֻѥӡһ󡢻ȣҲϰٽ֮أȫ״ٽǧ
һ׷ǿ״ϣһʿҲӭսһھŲĸ֣ܡ
ƽʿȥʹס׵ķȻֲܿΪ̫أٶȷܲ졣ֻʺԵǵسʿǴ
ҶشһףȻмĽûжġװòϡŪһ齣ǲ
ʿǱˣԵѲ߶Сӳö˵ı磬ࡣɨһۣһ˿м
һ°
ĳ֣˴Сѹǵͼʿڸ߽ʿǰԱΪԽѹԽˡ
˶û˵ࡣ
𼸸΢ĽŲܿ죬һʮ괹üĿߣҲࡣİݣ׷üмɷǣֻüͷխƺšһһ˼صģŮӣһŮӳֵѣһŮӸҲųԱߡ
ˣΪߣĲ㡣ܵ˸߶١
ҶءϺڡˣ״ɵһ㶡ģǸʲô
ܣ̲סʵ磬λ˭
ŶҵļѣһȥϿȡ
ڴһ䡣
ܵһۣ׷¶ı顣
ǱǼƻһȥϿȵġû˵һʱǸʶ˽飬ʱȥϿȣЩϤôϣ
ϿǳգЩĲ㣬һ㣬ߵҲ㣬ۺʵߡԵʿ֮У˵ЩƫˣǿﵽȥϿȵˮ׼
Ա֮ȱĬϣȫڴϿ棬ǿɲġ
ֱӰ˴ˣȻû˵ĲãֱӽܵλǱϹһǼλǶȥüδϿȵ֣ûĶ飬ҰǴˣô˾Ÿˡĸִ֣֧˶ҲǿʵȥϿˡ⼸໥ʶһ°ɣȸɵǱȥϿȡ
ǿӲİţܡϺʮΣȴֲò಻ӵĻûȥϿȵˣȥϿȣֻӵΣաַˣûʲôô
ϹһˣҶصͬơǶڴϿþ֣ҶܡϺڵӡ
Ҫλ֡ӣǻԸһɶ飬ȥϿðա
˼˵ͷкʶˡ
̬Ҳû⡣
ΪʵǿΪߣװΪû˭£޿ĳΪ֧СӵĶӳ
СָɷλϣΪһǰڣһڣмᣬһһ幦ܣַΪԱԱ֧ԮԱַֹȫԵѲ߶ӵķֹֻҪһ˱˶ܹ˹ȥҹ
ҶصΪࡣ
㡭֧ԮɣıȱͶϡ
üͷһ£Ҷظˡ
Ѷ˷ֹ֮ݺݵɨһۣǳѾá˭Ҫǳ©ӣ飬ɱĲ档Ϊö󲿷ֻ߳ϿȣҪʱ򣬷ĳԱҲϧģ
һݣϿ֮УȥΣȥð񡣻㹻Ʒɸ飬ҪǴҪġ
û˸ҵġ

ڿջ˲ٵ飬໥˽һ¸Եʵһʱ֮󣬲ɢȥ
Ҷ뿪ջڽֵϡ
Ե쳣Ļ𱬣ȶ˺üֵƹݡ¥ջǳ֣ڴļ֣齨飬׼ȥϿȡ
ʵϸߣϵʿ飬ҡʵϵͣµĶ飬ͨ΢һЩͨھˡˣҪԽԽΣʮ鷳ԽԽǿǶѰǻɱޣԵòͿݡ
Ҷز߹ƹݣͿʮļʿĹ棬ſڵǽϣļóϵϵȵ֮ʿĳ¥ĳӣ̸
ȻѰӵֻһСʿʿԼĶ顣ֵܶĶ鶼ǹ̶ģΪԭȱڣ򲻻ˡ
ҶûйעЩȴһ顣
һֺܲõĸо
ղڿջʱ򣬱Ϲ۾ʱǳĹ죬ּƤڶƺгƵģڼʲô
ҶʵǸ㲻Ÿ棬ͷ
һŮӣҲǡ
Ƿ糾Ůӳ۷ɧˮĻꡣҶֻһۣ㲻ٿҡһļû˵ʲô
ŮȻƲҶءˡ
Ҷҽ˵Լǰĳˣʿʱ򡣷һڱɫһɨ֮ɫʼʾãϣԺ
ǱϹǼޣԽء
ˣĸ͸¶ϹΪʲô
ϹѾʮʿˣΪʲް뱲ӣǿĲ㣬Ť̬зǳʿǳĳӡԽᣬԽǳӣһֺˡǰǶãҲһԡҶֵֻ֪㲻ǣηʵҲ㡣㣬Ҳᰵа㡣ֻǣԺҪҶֵֶܳæ
ҶףϹôôԾ
˵ʲô
һ쳣ţõˣκȰ档ȻϹˣñϹ뿪
Ҷҡҡͷ
һȺĶǵʿɵĶ飬ȥϿðգʵû취ġ
ࡢϹˣҪôΪǣҪôǼˡһãۿ˭֪ǻڹؼʱɳʲôҲС
áϺڡἸˣȻɿһЩʵ̫ﲻʲôæ
ǵÿԼС
Ҷеļװ˶¶ĵƿЦٲ˳ڶķȥ׼һЩԼͲţǱͷܴռʲôˡҪǱͷ治֪Ҳûɱˡ
ʱԵʿ࣬ļ۸ڱǡڣ鵤ļ۸ͬڱǣҲԿ
ڷڣһų׵Ĺġ׶ġ֡ȸ½׷ֽһʯһšмųнףʮʯһŵķֽ
ԽʮƷʯĸ߼ۣŪһн˽СҲ֪ʲôƳɵģԣڲģǳϸУױ˲ȴһСŵɱˡ

Ҷ˲ٶǻһЩԿٻָĳɣɾƣֻǸɼʱڣⶫû˳ۡ
ڷѡƷʱ
ԶֵԵ㳡ͻȻ˾
쿴ŵˣ
൤ŵ
죬ȱڵˣ
ɱԤƵķʱ䣬˼죬һ죬͵˵ԵǣԵ޴Ĺ㳡ɷ顣
ԵƵʿ׷ӿԵ㳡ڣǶľš
Ҷؼ˴Ķһҵ飬̷ĸԵ糱ʿȺԵ㳡ڴһ൤ŵͼӵУȡһ൤ŵ顣
ɿĿһۣ൤Ž飬ȥȫһǲɼʮָĺҰҩġ
Ҷȡֱ֮Ӹջ
ջڣİ˴˿Ѿ㳡ȡ顣
˶飬صջϣһû£鼤̣ԵǵųǰϿȡ


108 Ͽ
ϿȣλԵ֮
ŨŨ֮УʱɢʱۣĪ⡣ɢȥʱڻȻʡȻһֲָ˵Ͽиͽ׵޳ûвʿҲȡ
Ͽڣʯ֣ɽɫ۽ңԨѷ죬ľ洦ɼϿ࣬ϱ¸ߴǧɣֱͨ죬Ķǡ
ϿȵĶ棬Ǹ̾ɽˡ

Եǣ˳ӿƵʿȡ飬Ͽȶȥиʿ֪Ѿǰ췢ţٸҲŲæƬԭڣԵǡ
ҶڵľСӣҲŴȺͽʿ飬Եǡ
Ҳֻ˷Ͽȷ򼲱Ͽڵ˭˭áɵ飬ͬ˭¼ȡ˭¼꼴ֹȻ˵¼ȡ٣ǧȡһôҲǱôһ˿ϣǡ
˭Ҳҵ飬ʩչȷɱģɴĵģṦϵģҲ١Щõʿùת۾ͱ
Ҷ֧СҲһųʮܿ쿴ڷٶȵĸ֮֡
ٶ죬Ѿǧףһİײ仹Ǳ𽣣أӰٶȡ
ηһԽá
ʣµٶ
ܵģĿߴϺڣ󲽣ˮһɣԵñأߵṦҪܶࡣǸС˼˵վǲ˼֡
˲ò΢ٶȣϺڸϡ
Ҷؽóֵʵʩչķɱܡһ𡣲ûðͷǰ档
żӴʿȺһĽһ˳ǵ磬˵Ҳǧ֮ڡôʿϿ֮ôɼҩģѵһϣƾֶ
˴ԼһС뿪Եʮҵʱ
ӵüͷȻ뵽⡣ͻȻı䷽򣬲ǸŴӵʿϿȶȥϿȵηɱ
һͷС˺ɵҲŵͷ˴ʿȺζȥȻɻ󣬲֪ȥǸʮ֣ܲڴ·
磬ȥ
ܼ˴ʿȺɻѯʡ
ϿȳϿȵͨϰûҪôһͨҴȥһ·ԶһЩ˽ٵͨ
ڴһ䣬˵ֻǷɱ
Ҳöʣܡ
㻨˰ʱ䣬һϿȵ괦
ڴѾ֧ʿСӣռ˿Ͽȵõλã׼ȡ
ͣƺʶһСӵˣЦĸСӵӴкȻڿڵĵطռһɴСĵطΪСϢĵ̡

ҶػǵһطվڴϿϵıԵϿȾһ̾ڴصѾߣҿεͷβĲס
ȻϿȣʮ־棬±߹ۿڵ
Աߣ˷ܵҶ磬쿴ͱϣһСͨҮ
˹ƴϿȣЦǿ϶ǰʿٳĹŵС˵ֹŵСһֱͨǧ֮£ǳ´ϿȡŵСֻɼ֮ȫڴϿȵ֮СϿڸ漫࣬ǱУ˷ʤû˸ھȥ
Ҷʵʲôʱܹ¹ȥ
ҡͷҲһɡÿ＾ʮ·ңһǿĺӿϿȣͨϿȣڵɢǿһ¡һϿɼѵʱɻǿ絽֮ǰ·ѡӵ顣ɵ飬ȥǰ˼ţҲһ죬ǿͻᴵڰɡ
ϵʿĻû˸δɢ֮ǰóȻڡЩڵʿֻܵʱС
˵š
ڴʿȺ
ҶػһֲôһСĹʿСѾӵʮ֧ʮʿ
ڶʿ֮󣬷׷ڹȿռźλãŴϿ硣
Ҷ룬ûվ±߼ۿǺɡܵ˻صСڵĵ̣Ŀָ·;ĵķ׼ʱȡ
ϿȵͨȻشƫԶǶ̶̵һ֮ڣȴҲۼ˶㵽ھŲߣϰ֧С顣
ߣһȺδɵСëȻҲϿѵطÿطүˡ
һھŲߣһ֧˵СӣƮȻͣڴһͨļֻ飬ĿľСӡΪģΪ֧Сӵʵ󲿷ֶԱĲ㡣
һߣЦŲæӻóһɫСƣԼؿڰϡһ佣
ԵѲ߶ӵˣ
ɫһ䣬˺һɫ˺ü£Щѿһ£ڻǴͷҲصĵطλȥˡ
ԶŲмһھŲͺ˲𰡣ҲԼмֽб¸ɢ˵ˣ
ܡϺڵ˵ɴ۾һھŲʿͱˣ
Цϣ硣ͷҲС죬ɢ˵ŻܲϽ𡣲Ҫɼ壬ƿ¾ŻסԷ
ʼ磬ٺЦŻס˻λáɢ˵ˣĸ۾˭ҶңҪСЩǲҶңǶͨɢȴδػ˹֮з¡

Ҷۿš
ڣ֮ڣһֹա
һЩֵ
˺˶֮䣬໥ӡҲ⣬̫ۣϺȡ򲻷װǻƣŪ
ģɢ˺ɼˣڹȿԵķΪʵ໥Ŷޣá˷ƺʱܰν򡣵ֵȴûм
ԶһӵĴ󵶺ӣĿʿ˸ʮɣ
Ǵ󵶺ĭɵĴУϿɢ޵ĵ̣ʲôǺСӣָӵҲ
ڳڶɢޣ̸Ӧϡ
ޣ˭㵥Ҫһϡһ嵥㣬Ҫô㵥һ塣ѡ˵ˣ˭涨ɢ޵ĵ̣ƾʲôЩ˾ͲǸɹ涨ģԼ涨ģҪǸɶµĹأҶ˵ֱˡҪ㶨µĹأǶԲסҿɲϵĸС
ʿڳķЩԸɼʿ׷״Ȳʡ
ҶؾţЩá͸¶˲ٵϢ
˼˺þãջǰĿϿȣɢ˺ͼ˳ͻĸԴ˵׾ΪϿȵɼڸĵ̻ӲܵϿȸɢЩˣ
ҶҲɢޣȻվɢһߡ
쿴һۣҶСܵԺܲĻȴϿȡ
Ҷصʲô
ЦڸֵĽ£ɢ˺ͼƽϢ˻ҵѪսйЭ飺Եǻɢ˹ϽͬʱɼռݡϿȣƫƫȲԵǣҲһңĹûȷĹ涨˻ɼ壬ÿʱ򣬶ҪϿȣɢɢ޺ͼʿΪ˴˵
Ҷһ£Ȼ顣
ԸɵۺʵȫԾϿȵĹȴĻֻ¡ǳ鷳ĵطɢ޺ɼ嶷ȥɲٿɢ˺ɼ塣
ıķһֹɣΪʵǿͬǳ͡
Ҷ˼Ҳû˵ʲô
ɢ޺ͼʿ֮սڳ¡֮ʿѪ޵ģˣֱ﷢ҵĶɱ
ԹۣʱĻϽͣûȥȰ衣Ц˶ŽȲȡһʿһ֣˭ȥȰ裿
Ȼɱ֮Żᷢ󲿷ֶ鶼ڸԵĵ̣׼ȡɣ顣

ûз磬ϿڵĴٳδɢȥ
ʿڴţһ죬ˣ𣬿Щʳġżܼڵϣиɫ貽â磬һӶٶʧԶɽ֮С
ڡϡղʱĸɫâĽޱȡϵʿԦСЩʿֻ̧ͷˮ
ʿڵϡʿϷɡ찡ұԵŬȡصͨһѧãⱲҲˡ
һʿ˫֣쳤̾
ʿǷ׷Сһͷ޲Ħȭƣ¾ģһҪȡɣĻɹţҲԽĵӡ


109 С̷ɸ
֮ҹ
ϿȣһƬס
żϿڴһľս
Ͽȸһڡ
ϰٶ𣬷ɢ֮ڣԾ֦֨ȼš
ǧʿָӵáһģûȥΧ𣬱űУڵϣ߿ʯͷĿϢĳҹ
Ļ£Ҷó൤顣ʵҲһ߻ֽд൤ŽѡӵҵʮָĺҰҩġ滹ʮζҩĵģҩԵļ˵
ЩҩĵĽμ
ʹܡϺڵˣָɵҪ󼸺ͬСӾԱѡǲͬɣǸиĿꡣҶҪҵǺҩġˣҪôѰʯҪôɱϿڵ֮ࡣ
ҶͻȻеâڱƺһ˫۾Ķһò£֪˭ǸͷϹû˭Ե޹ʣĪĶĵ⡣
ҶغޱתͷȥĿ⣬ĵԶıϹһۡ
ϹšŰüҶأû뵽ҶػͻȻͷұܿҶĿ⡣ܿ־ãûҪҶءϹΪԼղŵĻҸеգعͷŭĵҶء
ҶعƣݺݵĶͷаһʿһ˰뱲ӲĲصͷɣҪۣұɡ
СƬ̣ϹЩη˥ߣ֧Ųסһתȥ
ҶЦͷ̬ԼȻڱͷϡ
൤ŵ뻳УҪҲ룬Ŀڤ˼
Ϩ졣

Ҳ֪˶ãʱ
ϥҶأȻ˫ĿɵգѾһ߹
ϿڴͳĺХ
ˣ
СӾϿȵĹŵСܽϿڵķ
ӳҲ˶һԾѹСӳԱϹһѡҪҶصʱȴҶѾˣһ£Ҷشһơ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ȻһԱ
ϺڷһӣԺۣԱߵҶѾſھҪ˵ʲôҶۼֿ죬һƶסϺڵĴͣϿȵķһƣҪСӣ¹ȡ
Ϻһ˹æգ۱ʾס
ҶһſϺڡ
ʿĿֻҪ΢һ㣬ᾪǡڵ˭ҵ˭ȵãڿɲǽõʱܱȱһ¹ȣռһơǳԡ֪Ҳ֪ϺƽʱֵĴֺҲգۼ׹
СӾ˶ѾĿ޲͸¶˷ܣɿĶһ¸Я޲©֮ǴڴһǰʿٳʯŵԾڡ
ŵСͱ˹ʡ֮ͣǳխв¡ʿֻԼѣɷɲҪˤǧͱڣҳһⲻ˵ġ
ѾɢȥɫСѾԿֻҪĴ⣬Ҳûʧ׹ȵΣա
ѧķϵ¹ȵ֡
óһŽշʩԼһŽ⣬ǰ̽·
СͬԼϸַԶںϡ
ҶظԼһշһŸٹзְؽнڶмƫǰλãС¹ȡ
һ
֮͵ĹտڴҪתһߵʱ
ͻ¡žһƺʲô
Ҫͷ쿴
ۡ
ͱϣһ֪ӺδĶɫҺȥ
ɫһ䣬ƮƮҶһһҲƮһɡŸոţۣۡۡɫҺȫͬķл
֪Ǳ߶ܣɫҺͬʱУǶɫҺҺнֻ壬ɫҺֻմڽϣûճϡ
Ⲣʾû¡ɫҺճڽϣ̵ɿĸʴŽ֣ʴķ
ɫҺ쳣ʧɫʱֻ¹˰ʱᱻʴһաɣȣ
˭ڰʩչֶʲô£
С˶һ׷ͣ£֪ʲôˡ
ҶЩȣŸȣôˣ
ţѾԽǰһϺڵˣԱߡ
Ҷ漴Ҳǰ棬鿴
࿴ŷճɫҺ壬һɶζһ˺󼸲ıմϣüͷô£
ɫţָǰԶǸֲ֮ڣ磬ƺʲô˶ǰ͵Ϯûп˶
˺󣡡
̰γĽ⽣һŵССǳխزһˡǰ桰֮·߹ȥ
˵һ̯Һ֮⣬ûзʲô
໳ɵĿ⳯ұϵİ͹϶ȥ϶ƺж
Ŀоһһн⽣͵Ĳͱڣ̶һ͸Ӳʯ
֨
γʱ򣬽ѾһֻƴСķɫӣһɫ׿ǳʮֻ裬ģ飬һһϣŤӣϸĹֽ
ȻС̷ɸ档
ѽֻС̷ɸ˦УһЦһ׵С棬ûʲô˵ģϿȺܳͨұϣûʲôɱĸҺһЩûκмֵĶұںܿһС̷ɸѣ·ģǡءˣ⵽
ͷСĸҺȻֱɱˣȴ֮ἫʴʿķմƤȾ񼲣˵֮㾡ѸҺŪɾĽ֡
취ϵɫҺŪֻɫҺģմڽϣŪһҲûа취
Ŀɡ
ãˮң
ΪʲôҪ㣿
һ£ãȻ֪룬ܿҪæɫҺءæ˫ʩչһˮϵˮ
һɫˮȥڷĽϣִһ¡ˮĹйԷһƽ֡ѽϵɫҺǴ´ࡣܿ죬ϵɫҺˮǷķȴѾɫҺˮ˫֮£˴룬ɫЩ԰ס
ڷϵɫҺʱ
Ҷ֮·ڣһ¹ŵСҷˣһϸ˿һСءĻʼǸžˡ죬С̷ɸ档
ƼҶеϸ˿üͷǰļСʿ˴ϿȣһС̳棬һС壬ѿߣͻŪһЩС
֣ųһС򣬲ٿԶѿɢڹŵСϣеɫҺճɻҽβеĺۼú¹ȵĶ֪й⵽ĺۼ
ŸϿȣ㱻һУλӳЩŭ
߰ɣ
Ž⽣һȣŹŵСϿȥ
ҶϺޱ飬ȴ˾޴Ĳ֧Сǰ棬֧СѾ¹ȥˣʵǿʶˡһ·ϣֻٲĵ塣
ĸ档λǰ浲ţûʲôõĵġ
һۣҶغ¹ȡأڶм䣬óһƷʯУָ


110 潻
ҶһϢƮϿȵĵϡ
ϿڣƵ紵ɢ֮Ե÷ǳտٵĵط¶Ĺ⻬Բ;ʯʯһϪӹʶ
ľɭЩɭ֮⣬ĵطʣ¾ףżܼҰ߶ȲеݱأҲôա
̽վһʯϣԶƺڿҪǱߡ
ҶϸĹ۲ΧĻ泱ʪʮҵĵӡǰСµġղڹŵСϷ֤߹ĵطδذȫܸӵա
ҶĿɿɨϿȣĿ֮ɵһƬܿԶһʯм䵭̹⣬﷢â
ЩɻʲôǱС˹ȥǾʯ·䵭̹ģǵֲӨӨһСƬʺҶϸȥʲôмֵݡĻǰǼ֧鲻ڶûжСƬ¡
Ҷ룬ҡͷ
Ͽÿ궼дʿһΣ󲿷ֵطˣôҵмֵҪôҵԵǵʿҲһˡ
ҶضԾʯµĵ¸е棬Դ˵ǵƲݣһһ׵ͼݣϿǳһζҩûʲôֵ÷˼ȥժ
ܡϺڡϹ˺ܿҲϿȣڵϡ
ҶزһСƲݣŪš

ڴϿھ֮
ϿȵĴ磬һµʱ䡣ȥɱޣ·˳ɼʯҩġ
飬Ŀˡ
һۣԳĬ
¹֮ǰȻһжǲûоȥʲô
ÿ˵˵飬ҪɵĿ꣬һҪôҩҪôʯ߲׽ʲô
Ǵŵ飬Ҫŵȥɱޣȡö
ҪȥɱޣȰȥɴŵȻȥȻ˵·˳ɼʯҩģǴֻǸѡ
ϹһˣԶʱ֡ʮѶȣϿڸֵͼȻ٣ȴǷǳÿһͷ׺
һ׵ޣʵ¸һ㵽ʿࡣ׵ޣʵԼĲ㵽ʿࡣĶޣˮƽߵʱߡ˲㡣ǳԶԸ
֧Сʵƫ㾡ȫҲδؾõһͷޡ
һ¿źܳʵǳݡŪõĻΪɱȡҪһµʱĹ⣬˵ܸûʱȥ
ܡϺڵȣҲ˼ţҪҪȰɱȡ
漰ÿһ˵档ɵÿһ̤꣬ϣãһ֡¹شûԸ׵ͷ
Ŀϸÿһ˵ף֪ǲ⣬ǿ¶һЦѾһö׵ˡδϿȣֻɱһͷĶޱСͨһܹɡΪѾʮγϿȣŵôһöֻҪٵһöʣµһöˣҲ١
鵭Įû˭ͬ˼öʲô飿ֲҲɡ
ŭáֻҪɱ޵õණǣ˰ɣһԳĬҶأҶСܣĿأ
СӣΪŵһҶصΪŵڶҶصʵ̬ȣܹؼ
Ҷп˼š˴Ͽ֮󣬲ֽҪ󣬰ҪѼϼܣ˲òӡ
Ҫǵһ淴ĻǰԼƵĶ档Ѳ⣬˭Ҳ֪ɳʲô˴Ͽ֮пɷǳĲ
൤ҪѰʮҩҩûʲô̶ص㣬̶ܴõĻ˵׼žˣõĻ·ϿҲδطĳ
Զ˵ȥʲôһ
ֻҪܷԼ棬ͬҲ޷
Ҷ侲ͬȥɱޡһССҪĶҲҪ·ҵݣ˭ҵģֻҪҪģҡȻˣҲǵݡǶ֪ʿõȼ۵Ľ¶ΪݵĲϴĽ¶࣬ҪǲĻȥ֮ơ
У
붼û룬һڴӦʵǿʿ̵ʱȡһ£潻һǶӳһǶΨһʿΪǿˣɱĶԱӰ졣
ܼҶҲͬˣεĬȻͷһɫ£ȻҲûʲôϺڡ˶ͬ⣬һۣǿͷ
һԸͬʱҶءϹȻвҲҿ
һ˷ԣ⡣ȻҶͬ⣬߰ɣȥϿɭѰޡͷϿڵַȥ
Ҷں档
ͻȻһȻķӯزҪճıϣﴫЦҶС磬û뵽Ҳͦݵģôȫˡŵ㣬ɲʡ͵ĵȡĸѲ٣˴Ͽ֮УȴƫƫбϹҺĲʿռˡɱŶ
˵꣬ЦƮˡ
Ҷض΢죬ֻоϻġ뵽Ļȴ΢ռСͼԱıˣûǣ˺γֲλֵԼ񡣷ôӳкôռɵϡڿͷ˵Ĺϵôá
ڹɢɿǰУʽѲʹĿ̽Ͽȣϣܹ޵ټ
ûҵС⵹ҵ٣ʪĹľĺͷ˿ɫĢ״ӵԴо綾ߵѲ֮ࡣ󲿷һ׶ݣһܹû˻ȥժ
ѽһݣ
ϲĴУһڹľеС˹ȥ

ڲԶıϹϽ˹ȥȴһСѾɲˣֻ߿û´Сָʲô
ɰСݸҶءСݳϸѿߣۣ빽״ŨҶ㣬һѿݣƾһζҩֵá۹µһתֵʯأ
Ҷز¡
һ¶㣡
ɵ˽¶ϲ̵ܿȥѰݡ


111 
СһоˣŴϿȵĹȵףηɿнϪߡʯ֡ϡ֣ѰޡֻҪ΢ֵǮͳͳССޡ棬ֱɱˣȡ߿ҩĲ֣ûԵȥǮ
Ҷزĸ˵ĺ档ϿҵݣȻǷİУʵȴ˲עʱϸڡ
֮⣬һŲҪȥЩͼޡ˵޲ϣһαûˣԶֵĻá
Ͽȿʮרû㼣ĵطߣԱظǰļ֧СѾĵط
ҶЩֵǣϿʵ١Ұľһ׵ľϪߡϡɵֱߣԿ
Щľĵǣôûȥɸǣľûʲô𣿡
Ҷغһ𣬳ʵ
ܼɻЦŵľòС֪ľϴӳ˿֮󣬿ǷһһͷʿᵤʿյֶΡЩʿɸûֶȥƣȻҲûȥɸϵʿɽϿȡ
˵ֻľãʩչľʮһʮһĽͱ˲ժˣֵõժҶֵҪлɵĻպһ
ҡͷԶˡ
Ҷȴֹţڱƣ⵹ǲ
ľԱ˵ò󣬵ǶҶ˵ȴǲĶ棬һŻҰľϸڣһԣҰܲܽӡ
ѽ
Ұľſһֻʳ۵ĽɫС䣬Ҷһʱûݺݵһڡһָͷ̺һ
һգһľֻС䣬һϸ̷ǰˡ
ɻĻعͷôˣղһ
û£һֻСһڡ
ҶֻһָͷȻףӦûʲôԡ
ܶʱסнֱţʲô䣬ôܴ͸ı֣
ҶҲסˡղæľһ㣬ղֻСĴֱ̣Ӵ͸Ľ֡
Ҷֵܵһ£ȥұ磬֪Ķ࣬Ӧʲô䡣
ܵǰ棬
ֻҶصСһۣΪ⣬ղǲȥҰľӦһ׽ϵ桪䣬ϲľĻۡĽСƼסЧĽ⽣еĽϵСƼסЧͨķָס⾣ûжһҲ޹ؽҪ߰ɣ𵢸ʱˣת뿪
ҶصɫЩŹ֣ѽ⽣ƼףϵȻãǿı̬ѽСֻûһ˵Ļܵס
ԾŪһƱнڷС֮ߵĴæŪ齣ܡƺڽ֮ϵ֪СûСƼסЧ

Ҷز֪ʱϸڣžҵı仯
ľԣ꿪˻ľľһֻɫС䣬ûͷûԵڸҷţֻһֻС䡣ľĻ㣬˹ȥһɵһ껨ϣһַɵһۺɫϡ
ɫС˵Ļϲĳ򣬷ɵЩæµҪôһͷʯУڳķڸ䳲ۺͻۡ
ãľĻǶܿлһſŵĽЩ֮󣬵ڸԣжʮšеľлɫС޻ɲɣŰݣʯ϶еķ䳲ܷۡ

𣡡
Զһ֮⣬һ޵ĵͺѰ˾
ܣһ¼˷սϿȣܷһͷܣ˵һǳϢߣȥ
ŵӰղŷĵطȫȥãһƬֵıԵһﴦֿŤɽϲֵط
һͷɸߴĻܣҡֵıԵĴʳ
ͷ׵ĻܣϵޣóϵʵӦˮ׼пܻζҪɱõĻһͰŵˡʣµʱ䣬Ұȥ񡣡
Ŀ˸žϲĹâ
ôɱ
ҶĿǻܣʵ
ıӷǳһ֮ڵϢŵҽƻĺܣҪǷֵвǵĻϾͻߣһ֣ɾѴסˡ磬ǵ·磬һȦ֣
漴˷
ȥܣȦ
ϹϺڡɣͷųٻơٵȲͬ͵ķڷȦ
ࡢҶءһܡ˷һֹ
űȽϲû顣
֮
˱ܿϿȵϷ磬һС·̣Ǳеܵĺ棬ﴦϪӱߡ
ǽϿ֮ĵһսЩ
ס¶֣һҪ졢ݡ׼ȡһغ֮ڣɱ޷һٻɱ֮ݣɱˡȵʿѾ٣ֻҪƬ̣ܿᾪΧСʿǰʮ鷳
ɱ޵ľʮϵĵĲͷܣʿᡣ
˷׷׵ͷڿʯԴһԲεķȦ
Թȥա
ֱԵͻȻͣ£ʺڱӣᵽһ˿İζ̧ͷɺɫͫУӡһŮӵӰ
Ȼø˵ʵֲ㼶ȴܸоŮӵϢԵܶࡣ

һɫâת˲ȫǻףǿŤǱ׾ӣԲ˼ٶȣȻķܹȥҪɱ⡰ͷ
עæٶȷءһ˿ɲӲͷ׵Ļܡֻһȥ¾ܽҳϡࡣ
ϵʿٶ൱죬ٱϵܻҪôһ֣ȫû⡣Ծ˰ΧȦ
ǣΧģǱϹϺڡˡ
Ϲ޵ľϵץһһӣҶص־ӣһĲ֣ͬʩչ
õһ⽣ܣųų棬Լ׳ѡõģˮϵˮϵĿ֮мٵЧ
Ϻ޵ϵЩţſˮһͬǷλ˵м䣬
ϺڼѾͷһɶۿҪ嵽ǰҵŭĿԲһ˫Ƴǰĵ水ȥ¿ӿ
ǽ
ʯľҺҡΣһʵĻǽһ߸߽һɣᵲڻܵǰ档


112 
ͷܱϵޣｫϺڵСǽǵĿ¶ײеĹâʵ͵һǽϣǽ䡱ĳһƴСĶֻҪµĹܽǽĵ
Ϻʩչǽ֮һȡȥһ룬ҡεڵϣվҪȻһܽһʩ
ڣɺͱϹѾһԵȴʱˣʱܸס
ˮ
һְһһһ߳ɫˮͷ׵ĻϡˮСֻڻܵĺʵ׹Ͻһɫʹ׹һ¡
ʵ̫ˮûܷӳκˮŻܵתһȦûܵٶ΢ٻôһߣǿһЧ
ɼԼķûʲôЧһҧݣʩ׼
ϹЦᣬܳأ
ܴһɫٲ֡

źɫ٣ܵ֫εĲסص谭жȽٶȡϹĲɵˮҪࡣ
Ų˲ĸˣŭҧס٣һ˫Ƥץסͳԡһͽٸ˺ѡ
ǻı죬ɳԽԽ
Ϲɫɲʱüѿӣʩչǿļ֮һһ¾ͳˡԥţҪҪʣµļٲҲȥס
ԥǶģѾˡ
߲ŸոհٸϣࡢҶءһܡˣͬʱӲԶسɱȥ
Ҷ˦ִȥһǿķУȻлܵ۲һܵ׹Ͻһ۵ĺ⣬־һ£ָƽ
۾Ļһ£ŭŤͷҶء
Ҷذһ˴ķڵķѾ൱ٶȿ죬͡ǶȴûʲôЧϵųǿķϵųѸ͵ĹϵϵķЧȴЩ⣬ûķһԡ
ܡˣʹõĶǻԼһö򣬳˹ȥղŻܣȴܽܵ׹ָյĆ죬ٵŻܵķ
ܱӶķУЩ£һʱ䲻֪׷ҧһźá׷һǸ˱תܣ˼ӲԶԶ÷Χޱȡ
Ҷزߣ÷СȷֻŹֻҪԼʮɵĹ룬ʹ÷Ļܶûʲôв
ȻһнȥðⲫǾܵ顣ɱޣûԼȥðա
Ҷɵζܳգνսģȡս顣
СӵĹһˡ
һѾγľ½е齣Ȼһ೤ĺɫ潣ͽ׵ĻϵֻһӣڵĻ棬ڽȼա
ŻܷɱȦѰŻ׷˵Ŀյһڻܵ׹ϣ֮ս˻ܵƤë׹ִΪϧΪܲ㼶Ȼһ潣֣ȴҲ̲ȥܵС
ܵˣʱתһĹȥһеĻ潣ҷɣһв׷ҧ˹ȥ
һ˲û潣֣źˣ˳ϡ
ץסʱеĽ⽣ǿҵĽâ⽣˽һĳȡһţһӰһ¶յĺĴȥ
ܲİԵϢɱŭһ˫⽣
ͣ
⽣͸˻ؿڵ׹֣ۿҪؿڣǱܸƼס
Ľ⽣̲ȥһڱԪڽ⽣ϣٴαȣ߾⽣Ľâǣһʣһ׳ܱ۷Ѫʵʵ׹֣Ҳȫѱ⡣
ܳʹŭġ˻һϿȸ𶯡ڷǰЩǺǵġַ԰Ϫߡ
ֽŲãͷһַӣȻһֻƣǼûӰٶȡ
ɫܸղһ˻ֻҪٵʿ
סˣ
ղżҵĴ򶷣ҶؿĿϾӡ⽣ġƼסЧȻ˵ǿĴһ£϶˶óЯһľӣҪߵĻ˹ȥ
ľϵĲסֶܵΡ
ľӴڻϣһ½סľԣٲ࣬ȴһصľ̡
ܵ׹ͱƣľľĴֲڵƤϣȴ͸ľȴĶϱ۴̸˵ɫߡ
ƺľΪɵƴ˺ҧͼѿһ첲Ҫľȴ鷳ࡣľص֣
С˴ϲ׷׳˹ȥ෨ģٻģ⽣潣ַ󡣲ɵĲݡ
𣡡
ٶȱ˰Χءڱˣʵ͵һĵء
֮
Χʮ֮ڣһɳҵ𺳲ɢ
Ҷؽ˵ķΧ̸еͷĿѣҲʩչҪʱһƣֻѱ
һݣеһšݷʮɣ뿪ˡ֮𡱵ķΧֻѣĸоʧ
Ҷضٿʱ򣬻ʮ֮ڣΪѾڵϡܡһϺڵˣһҡҡλǺ˾һվȣͷת򡣶ʱڱָǵԴܹѹ
ֻ׼ҧһ鵤ûʲôӰ죬ֳֽ⽣ľסĻܿɱȥ
δľߣʹԼؿһ£ܿһţ³һһöƲӲӵĽ⽣ӭȥ
Ʋ򣬽⽣ҵĲ

Ҷؾ̾δǴ˿ȴбˡ
ơӰϵ
ÿһΣһ֡ǺȻռ˾ԵϷ硣⽣ѿϸ죬ϸԽԽʿƶɵҲסĹգ۹ػؽսʮΣۿ⽣Ҫˡ
ҲԽԽȵ½ɱܵʱ̫ȴסˣȫ޷ȥܵ
ҶʱҲûϹֱۣٶķУ˳ȥ
ͣ
Ѫ
ڸ⽣׻ܺôһԴȴѾ˰գ
һʧȥʶƵ˵ϣâҲȥһƵһöļ

ЦѾϵĽ⽣˹ȥöܵöˣֻҪһöܼţΪɵĵӡңɼ顣
Եǵɢˣһʮ꣬ɢȴĵһ᲻ø뿪ɢˣȥͶɡ


113 
ҶһʯԭؿʼָΪɱܣǰǰѾ˶ʮС˽ҵķϿΣյĵطǾΪ׵
ûȥǻܵⶫڷڴԼһٿƷʯ൤ҪƷ˵ûʲôôʯý¶ܻãпޡһնɱ˻֮ʣµĽһǱרȥѰҩˡ
ҶسС˿ȥϺڡ˵ĻѣѾ΢һЩڻָܷɣñϪˮѣϪϢһȴʹĻ潣ǰһƣϳһСѿڡ
һ̴ȻûԱȴٺȥСһҵʵ
ҶذţͻȻһݣ͵תͷԶľʯȥ
쬣
տ׶ΧȥϲҪʰȡ׶Ϯסȡ·һæһΣܿðź׶̧ͷǼ׶ķȥ
ģŮʿ֪ʲôʱѾʮһʯ˳վǾʯϡһƤŴ󵶵ӣĶһĺޣļ˰̵ŮӣԱߡһ°ӷ׵ߣվһԡǶΪ
Ƥ֣ղһսĿǾʣʡһˣǺ°ߣʿ˵˵꣬תͷ¸Ц£ҪˣǿԹˣĻɱǲ
ŮӿЦ϶棬⻰˵ģɲҪŻȺСޣ

˿Ц
Ŀ⽥ȥȴֽ⽣ͱˣһɫɵѿûǽ⽣ʵټһ롣
ǿӲɢ˵Ѳ߶ӳʶ뿪
ޣɢʲôԵǵʿɱ˲١ɢҺΣöҪˡСӹɣ
ƤӹЦ
ԵǳſڼðϵаޣƤ֡Ы϶棡
Աɫǰ˭
ԵһСԵǷ£ûץˡÿʮ·ݣǶϿڣר䵥ġС֡ǵʵߣȴóӣ͵Ϯʿ顣ͻȻ֣ȻǿɱܹʵҪˡ
СӼͻȻ֣裬£
һãûԵǣȻĴһۣоȻʲô顣࣬ô

ڷɿ㡣
ӵľСӣԵ÷ǳᡣĽ⽣ѻ٣ֻһһѻ潣ȻȴǹõĶԷΪ˲ٵķ
һ˶סԷһƤ֡ԷʣЫ϶ԼȻаˣһûоʿ֮䶷ˣǿ϶ԷһЫʣµķһϹԶһ϶档
ʤֻ֮䡣ǣҪĲʤ㣬ǾԵʤ㣬αõһ꣬ʲôʱܼš
ɫãС˴һơ׼ս
Сף̴ΧվңóԼǿֶΣš

ҶشǺͼͨϵа޶ϺţȻһСŷֽУվ˵ĺ档ѾǸսĳ硣ʿ֮Ķ˭˭ķָܹ֧ãֵͷ
÷ֽսܽԼ
ͽ׵ķֽһҲҪһƷʯ΢һн׵ķֽҪʮʯս˵˾֡ǮǮ˲Ÿ٣ûǮղ𡣸ǮģԵʵǲࡣ
ƺôҲ˲ղǮˡҪûˣǮûȥա

ͬ¶صı飬óһƤһ浶ЫһЫӼ϶һɫĺ«
Ȼ˵ģСȴʤ˶࣬δؾôüΪֵߵֻҲ׳֡
˫󣬶ž裬ҩζŨޱȣѪսһʱ
ͻȻһȻ顣
Ȼһϵĳʰתӣ䣬ѾڳϰԶһȥƣĲͷˡ
ڳʮһͻ䣬Ȼ
޳ܣ
ðͬһ뷨
˭Ҳû뵽ΪӳΪȻɳѡӵĲҪ顣˵ҶصСӳԱ㵵Ҳһû뵽ӵĻɳ顣
ǷӦʱѾӳ֮Զ
ģӻҪ϶棬ʰ⼸Сӡȥ׷ǼһƤŭһһԾ𣬴СӰͷϷɹ׷ȥ
СӰˣûһƤ֡Ѿе˶ˣǵȻûбҪٰСƤֺܿڴϿԶʧ
ʬֻʣ˫ĶԱڶšһ߰ˣʵһ߶ˣ֡ҪҪսһ⡣
ɫŹ
һĬǵĿնʬϡ׻ֵֻܲǮƤܵ⡢ƣֻҲֵٿƷʯһʲƸɲ٣Իʬ˴Ͽ֮Ҳ
ܡϺڡһۣͷȻҲʬڱ˵Сʲƻǰûʲôõġ
Ϲ̰Ķʬ˿һۣȴЩηЩУ䵥һ
ҶĮۿˡ֧СĲ룬û뵽ֱô졣ӵĴͷˣʣµˡˣ޷šһôϿԱˡ
һϹ̲סڳ֣ЫȰ壬ʬ
¸£϶ıɣ
İӷ׵϶Цĺں«һģһɹĺɫ˳ɢƺʲôޣ壬ܡϺڵ˵ͷȥ
жСģ
ɫһ䣬ʧæʩչ˦˳ȥһڵĻ֮УյļСǺ߰ɴСһС˽ȥգۼˡǺں«ųĶǴΧһСơ
ܼƲתɱӡϺڲӲţܡ
ϺܵĲ죬ת۾ͱĺ׷ϡ
ϺڣСģ
ĴУͣסŲ
ϺھȻͷĺȥۼѾߣȻæԼ˲䣬ȫûĿ
Ϻڣ
һ򣬳ȥգۣûûʲôƺڳЦĲ
ҶһֱģȻܵҲ졣ĴУɵͣסһҧеһʮŷֽҪǮһ˹ȥ
ڽϵһŸոձըһˡԲס֨֨ҽСҲСһС롣
϶沢ûпʲôУȻɫʹޱȣЩòݲıﾭڡһУɲʱأں«С
ϺʯϣһϢ׻ͲһȱеͷûˣϲٵⶼеȻҲزС
ϺڣסҴسȥõҩˡ
棬˹һѱϺڣĹŵС

Ҷشԭء
ûи¡ĵһֻ꣬ʶԲ̫ⷶϺֵܸ֮顣Щ˸УղһֵĻϺڲ䵽ز
϶˺ں«׷Ҷػԭأӷ׵ɫ¶ϲﻹһֻɵվɽ϶סˣ
ҶתͷȥɫľȻһ̧һĳͽסн׷ֽһƬƬѩ˳ȥ׶ˮ̷׻знס໡նסͽסн׷ֽΪһ򡢱׶С̡
϶һܵһĺں«ֵ
䡢䡢䡢䡭
ʮųͽ׷ֽը󣬺ʧɫʬءʮųн׷ֽ϶Ļֱֱӹƣ˴ں«һΪҽҳһӡһصƷʯԼжʮ顣һ᲻֪ס
Ҷ˵ĴһۣһʯףͷҲصķŶȥ
ԶΪʬ򶷵ķһϹЫˣѾͣ£ղһĻȻʧɫŴ͡


114 ľ
Ͽڡ
Ҷضһš¡ĵѾȣԵǡѾûжѿṩ֧ԮһڹڴǳΣգҪĴûޣҪжʿճ̶ȣ֮ǰٸѰ˼ţǲǷ񣬷Եǡ
ġ
Ͽ֮Уûжջڱ㷵Եǣôֻʿ൤ռҩҪһꡣʿҲδؾܱȽáһ£һ£൤ŵ齫ԽԽã
Ҷһģҧ
Ҫ뾡൤ţðһķգǱġһԼƷЯϰŷֽ󲿷Ѿõֻ²ʮš⻹һнΪǶʮƷʯӵеıǮС
ҶڹСߣÿʮɣͣ£ϸΧ޻ʿСϡһ̽ʮϿȣûκջ񡣲ΪҲûʲôΣա
֮ϿһƬѼָǱŵ޷׷׳ʳȰΣաûǸʿڹ޺ʿСӵĿӡ
Ҷ֮ǰϿȵͱϣнڼӲʯһСһ޴ʯһ⣬棬Ͽȵҹ
н΢â϶һס澭׵ǹһܱ˿֪ʲôƳɵģȻ͵סպҶؾǣ׼ϺȻдţߴ֮һŵĻ澭
ǰŵһڵļӣ֮󣬷ļ룬һɼ塣Ҹᡶ澭Ϊ֮żӵĺˡ
˵ߴ֮һ֮Ҳ֪ģżӵĺˣȻ;˶棬Եһаޡ
ҶزЩǣ⡶澭ϼ¼˲۽棬ָ֡δŵ棬ǵĹЧզࡣ
ܿҳǰҵһӣ϶Ǻں«ųһģһǺ֮صĳʬ¡
ȣľϵһ档˳壬ܷУ綾ʴߵķڳݷ˳СȫԽ࣬ԽƣɴСǵأϯݲˣ׹ءȻǽᵤʿҲԷâⶾȿɲ򵥣ÿ춼ҪʳʮջҪιһ١ʳܽιԴ󷢣
϶Ǹں«ųĶֻʮɴСϰֻȡʮֻȣ϶˵ѾءÿʮʳɲǼ򵥵顣
ⶾȹԺǿǳηηóΧȺҶһȺͽʿȺ߽ʿҪ⵽ҵĹױ
ҶؿаЦ϶ùƫƫͷϣʮŷֽһȫ˳ȥ൱ʮûκμĿ䷨ֻȵסҲ
滹ѱķ
ޡݺܶ࣬ЩѱûʲôָӣԲٿءĲٿطʹ«װЩ棬ں««Խ򵥵ġաšֹܡҪõʱһº«ѳӷųõʱ򣬰ѳս«ˡ
ټһЩĥĹŹֳԶǽ򵥡Сݡÿһ棬нȻͬĶسŵĵӣ֪еľϰء⡶澭棬δس
ҶػķţЩģպԼҪϣҲܱϳöļҳҶؿһֻϤĽɫӣ۾ʱһ
䣡
䣺ϵһ棬βн̣СƼס֮Ч޶ԡ
ò˵Ƽסһֱܱ̬ӵĴ͸֣Է׺ĶҲ޷һ㣬ҪȰѶֵķֵķʴſҧԷ
ǣĽ޶ԣ˼ףҲһڶѣһ֮˵һڣ˿з˺ЧѪֹ˵ʵ㲻ʲôѽ̵ķ˺Ͱ˿ڸסˡ
ۺǣãȻСƼס̬Чǽ̫Сɱ˶֡
¸֣ǸۣͨǴ˵ġ
Ҷؼ齥ƽŵӶԾۣЦҡҡͷ뿿⾣ʲôˣֻºѡ
ֻعԼһڵľ䣬͵ϸȥˣҲ֪ûС
Ҷ뵽һ
ϥĿʶϸڡ

ҶشӱԪ񱮵ĹڳƮľԵϷĿɿڴľľ£˶ʮɫĽ
ЩǶ侹Ȼлˣ˳
ȵǣһֻɫСûľԸʯ촦һСķѣæææµĸʲô
ĽȻǶľӡʮŽһջʮӡҶЩԺǰľӣϣľֻǿ˻ٳûн
ôһ죬ͻȻȫˣ
ȡһľϵʯ飬ʯۣȫеһľĸ뿴ôһ¡ܿ죬ǿľʮСڷæµĽɫС䣬Ż㣬˵ķ˹ȥڻϲɼۡۡ˻ۣۡ˲ãЩлٴνʮŽ
Ҷԡ
ССľ䣬˴궼ûܽ⣬ֱӽˡ
Ҷһܿ켫˷ЩľӣڶӴġƷⶫȻûкǿɱȴơסӵ˵ĺö
һ£ԼǿĶ֣вޣԼвԷһľȥס֡öľĲưΧ֮СھŲʿӵвҲڼ̵ʱеľͷ۵ľ֮ǰ޷׷ġ֮ĹӵӰ١
Ķ֣ԽһٻɱԷ
˽޹ӦľӣϿȵİȫõߡԼһˣҲܹΣյĵطõ⵽ǿе׷ɱ
Ҷ쳣ļ
̰ԼЯľϵʯ˳һͬĿľϵƷʯͳͳľܿջʮཬǰܹõϰľӡ


115 ̶
գ
Ҷƿң뿪˲ҶϿҰĵطСĵѰҩżһСݣȻôֵǮҶػǰǶˡ
ʱÿѰһнһľӣʱ׼ͻս߼Ʋ
⼸죬ҶٵնΪտĵطҵҩһðսϿڵĲľڣȥѰһÿµĸҶϳһ겻֪ıݣһŨɫΧȥժһͷˮͰֻ黨ж׵߱͵Ĵ˳̵ͭ׺ݵĶ
ҶŵðϽʩչľɴգ۷ɶʮɣ֮⡣ͷ磬ֵ׷ֱҶӳ֣Ųʵ˻ȥ
ҶؾһţȴҲҵյĵطȥ
⼸ޣҲһЩϿڣҵ߼ݵĵط޿šԽͼ޶ûޡԽ߼޶Խǿ͸ʿˣҲֲȥժ
ҶԭΪԼһ˿ҲѰҵҩ˼ʱֻѡҪôԼɱޣݡҪôȱʿСɱޣٳֶݡ
ѡ񣬶˵Ѷȶߵס㣬ҲûʲôرǿʲôܶһɱЩϵޣӱʿСݣûʲô
зࡣ
ûж飬ϿڼǴ粽СѹԵǵʿǣϿȣǱضСǰһû֧Ԯ̫ѻˡ
ޣһն
һָΣյģȴĳЩʿõġն塱ȥʿʬ壬ڵϣԱɢһЩֵ̫ǮĲϡʯƷú
˺棬ˣððʧʧĹȥȦǱɡΧŵʿͻȻ𣬷ͻϮɱ˽ٻ
һжΪЧоԼ߶Ҿḻò
ڴϿһ·ϣٿʮദն壬ۿżɵͽʿС⵽һʣ
Ҷ֮û壬ҲЩʯȤ̫Сˡһʿʬ֮󣬵һӦΧûʿΪϿȵʿͨж䵥жڣɲȥ
ҶǾʿʬ֮ܶڣ̽ǷʿټûüҵʲôʱһʿСӳ֣ϲȥʰǸʿƷһ±ļ߽ʿһ򾡡
Ҷؽұܿ˷飬ë񾭸߶ȵĽҲ˵ı˿Լ뷨
ȻżҲļ񵽱˵ʱ֧ƾеʿСΪޣ񶷷һѪս֮˫룬ľҶԿС죬׼ʱϳһϵƷȻ֮زز֧ʿСֻиɵ۵ķݡ
ǳǳټ

ҶŹڵһСϪţͻȻһʣԼǰڶʿĺвɵһϿڣڶʿۼһ𣬿Ǻܺ顣
һ£ȥһϪȥƬ֮󣬹ǰһϪڣһļٲٲ·һɿˮ̶ðźס
̶ΧһƬɳʯ̲Ϳ
Ⱥʿվ̲Ϳ鼤ʲô
Ҷؼ״һﾹȻۼ˶ʿ֮ڣʮСӣԵǵɢޣԸļʿ˶в٣ǳӡ
ôʿۼں̶ߣ۷׷ףûдʩչҪٲµĺˮ̶Ѱҳʲôиʿ󺺽Ҫˮˮ֮ȴ̶ˮ˴£ȥԱʿһЦ䡣
Ҷɻ̶ֺڴϿڲٵĵطҵϡ档ЩӦҺ̶Ķˡ˫֣װĳһСӵʿʿȺ֮СʿڹǺ̶Ҳû
ҶʿȺתһ£һʮ껪º꣬Ӧĳɼӣܴ׳
ߵԱߣһԣˮ̶һֵ֣ˮʲôôôΧ
ǺתͷָǺ̶˵㲻֪ʲô飿˷ں̶һͷڽڽ֪ʲôɣӾǲ֪ҿ֪ޣֻ֣ϿϪвС
ҶһͷޣĶʱһ룬ΪȻһͷޣҲôˣ
Ǻ꼱ˣզͲءڽͷϵĹֽǣǹŽ귢ļеһֻҪǽŪ֣ͿֱƾˡҪɱɾ׵顣֮ޣͷڽҲǸĽףܸߣҽƻĺܣ˶̶࣬²
Ľޣ
ҶذʿʵڴϿڵκһʿСӣֻ¶ɲʮ߽ʿ֣пܡ
ֻҪڽȡúڽǣܽţջ̫ˡţɽߴţʵһɴɡֱӵõһ
ҲɵĶġ
ǿһΧʿð־ڱصãҶذЦʿһϵģھŲĶ֮࣬ռ˼ǲܵ顣
ãûķݡŪãһȺɱǺڽ֮ڸ߽ʿΪڽǶƴǳײͽʿ
Ǻ껹Ҷ˵Ҷûĥ䣬ͷ뿪̶׳Ƿǵĵطʱ䣬簲ȥݡ
ҶػعͻȻһ£ɫɷס
ӭ治ԶˣһƤıӣ޵ķӯŮӣ˼䣬ƺʲôм仹һ׺ͷͷšüͷֿסһùȴ޿κεģͷɥǰ档
Ƥ֡ЫϹ
Ҷͷð֣һ֮һ϶ˡҪ˵Ͽ˭𣬼ͿɱĻƤֺЫĪ
һ£ޱתһµӣ˫֣һȥʿȺȥǼûע⵽ԼϽˡ
Ϲɥǰ档
Ĳ֪ǸСʲôˡˣҸҲʶһѣ֪ƽʱסʲôطץҲûðȥԵ࣬϶֪Сƽʱס
Ы͵ߣһģҪ˭ҪǶԼܵÿ죬һץˡɢѲ߶ӵģȥԵɣ㲻Сӵĵ׽㡣
ƤƺʲôһԲ϶ϵġ澭ļ֮һʳѰ
Ϲ޻˵ΧʿãȻĹˡۼʿȻ࣬ȴûһཻѣȻû˭־
Ϲİ۾ͻȻһȺһϤĺӰĴϲУǸҶСǰ棡죬Ⱥ棬ˣҪĶϡ
Ƥ͵̧ͷĿâһȵĿĹˣܿʿȺҵһڼټ뿪Ӱ͵ϹӰ׷ȥ
ЫͬǴΪϲ׷ȥ


116 
ߴХķĺ磬һ̣ҶصϣʹϿڣϪ֣ʯٵɡ
ҶѾԼӵٶȣΪһӵӰӣϿڸƶⲻҪ죬Լÿһ˿ǱܣѹեС
ƤֺЫֵʵʵԶԿġ˲ͨ·ʿ׷ϣ׷ɱѪ𣬺ϣֻǲݡ
Ҷֻӣƴӣÿһȶþȫʩչȫ˰ѡΪ˽ԼѻҲɵһĺԼϣ˿˿Ѫ
ƤֵűϹЫ׷
ǵΪҶͬʿǶǿʮ֣ϵ̶ȣԶҶأٶȱҶ֡
ƤȻŲ°ٽصıϹԽ׷Խ
СӣӲģүҽǿ㲻ɣ
ƤЦһ׷ɱˣеΪʹ顣Ϊȴû㹻Ķ飬ֵĵӡ䵽ϣ
ЫҶصĺ׷ϡ
ƤָһߺȣһߣͼԽҶأȻЫͬʱҶؽалסҶصȥ·
Ҷطɿ쳯ƳһۣƤֺЫԽ׷Խֻʣʮɱ㽫ԽˣаҪǱ׷ϣҪϿ
Ҷ͵س׷ҪԽƤ֣һľӡòƤסЫ˵
һâ
Ƥ¸¹ЦеıϹһľôڱϹϣ̰ѱϹס糤ľ̺ݺݵϹС
Ϲʹ۴УſңͱƤֺЫס޷ʹ÷ûл֣ľУ綾ߡ
ͷץסСӣٷҲ١ҲǸһģóͬ͸Ķζ
ƤֵűϹĲӣϷʵĴЦ
ҶزͷһۣľûƤЧѱϹһɰһɡ
ƤѾҶز磬һ߾͵ĽϹ˦˳ȥҲҶء
ҶزȥľıͷһƮܿ
Ƥֳûӳ˻浶͵һҶغ˹ЫֳЫӼӺ󷽳
Ҷ⵽лһһ෭͵һ¿ܿл˫ָһľӣͬʱ˼ȥ
ƤЦ浶˳һתһڳľϡľӻڵĵ·ٻΪҽҲû¡Ļ棬Ҷظղͣĵϣϵʯһĵӣðɳʯڻļ
ЫﲢδľӵĲ
еЫӼҲ֪ʲô꿦꣬ϵļޱȵľ㱻Ĵѣ˳ղǲûӳһʱ䡣ƾҲסҲЫӼľϵĿǣŪʮҲһˡ
Ҷ¶ݣľȻԶ𲻵κЧȻһнǽ̫̣Ի浶ЫӼûгֵĻᡣ
浶ЫӼֹ
æһݷܵʮһù֮꣬ϣ˿赲סƤֺЫķ񹥻
ʯ֮䡣
ҶѾǰƤ֡Ы˼лΣĹȵˡ˦ӣáУҲ浶ЫӼûܶԶκв
Ҷرȵ˴ϿڵͱڴѾ·ӡԶһڲ¡ʯ
ƤֺЫ˼Цţʮ⻺˹
Сӣǲᡶ澭Թշǵɱ㣬϶죡
ҶûתͷǸĶڿȥ
ĶѨϿȵʯѨв٣󲿷޳ûֺ֮ǳΣաҶ˵ѾûʲôµˣҪ޵Ŀ£ҪƤֺЫʲô
ҶѸ˼һ¿ԡõĻ˵һյĶѨޱȣƤֺЫϣһݻĻᡣ
ԴС
ҶһҧһŽֵĻԼһͷ붴Ѩ
Ƥһᵶ׷ڣᡣ
ûĶѨ
־ŭ
ⶴѨŨζҺʣױܶ϶˴һ׵ĵͼޣÿһͷһңʵǳСһѨ֪澿˶ٵǧͷҪǳȥƬ̣һѰ׹ǡ
ĶѨɲȥ
Сӣҿ㻹ǹԹԳɣүһȫʬֻͷûˡ
ƤֱףĿҶܽȥˣȴ׵ĳȥȴֻڶڣƿڽ洫ġ澭ҶءҶҪˣ⡶澭Ҳ棬ԶҲõˡ

Ҷһͷڲ¡ĶѨ֮ڣ̳ѨȥƤֺЫ׷ɱڡֻн붴ź÷
žž
ų붴ɣϣͻȻǵصķһȺӰ͵ײĻϣĴ˺ҧ
Ҷضʱɾ޴Ĵѹڵϣڵϡ
͵̧ͷϸһȻɫ
ǲͷĺɫÿһֻƴݼ˵飬͵ǵĳצӡݣײĻ֡
ֲϵǿ𶯣ڵķҲҵĴײѸġȥò˰ʱ䣬ָܰơ
ҶһһСৡৡৣâһͷſͷϵ𣬱ѣѪҺĽ
Χ̽ͷȥ˺ҧˡ
ҶٴλнЩʱȺȴڷ𣬼ݵ˿ڶѨİзһȦϵ˴Ļ֡
ҶشһʱæѨʯϿȥڶѨұϣԾ࣬⵽𹥻
ϵĻнҶյǣЩˣֻɱ˼ֻѾȥ
ҶЩˣѾ˽һķзĴʧȥ֧ţҲʱˡ
ҪԼŵĸһЩֻһ취ҵһխĵطҶԼĲλ
ⶴѨȻʯѷܶࡣ
ҶطɿѨţŽַĹâܿ췢ֶһѿ죬һˡһзڡ
йȻֻʮͷܴĻ֣󻺽ĵΣзڣܹϴʱ
Ҳȡ˸ʱ䣬취ôȺѪ


117 죬澣
ڿԲһ˵ʯ죬ͬʱ⵽Ĵ˺ҧҶʱ˻ַĹ죬ܹѵΣϴʱû⡣
Ҷڳһ
Щ𣬶˵ǿɶ񡭡ҪЩ𣬿ƤֺЫᵶɱˣѲ
ݺݵ棬˵ҲǧͷƤĿ̽һ£Щ𣬶ǲ࣬ǿһʿʵЩܷ棬ԶһʿģҲԴǣֻ̾Ϊ֮ܿâ
ڣЩֻĴ˺ҧСֶζѣǻһᷨҪȻһֻͬʱһͽ׷øɱģֱˡ
ҶؿЦһ¡
ʱûΣգҲζܻ߳𶴡ϥʯָ񽥽Ѱ˼Բߡ
鿴һԼƷʲôԸЩáŹ͵ͼֽŷֽûʡŵˡ
ĿڹĶľˡ
ľȥɱһӴһֻ𣬶ɱϰֻѣʣ»ǧơ𶴡
ץһľӣĥš
Ժһ
ҶͻȻ뵽һŹֵ⡣
ʮľڼзڴǴƳһƬܵľȫסԼܹЩľסĴ򹥻
һȻԼɱЩ𣬵ҲʱɱԼô
ֻҪܹȡʱ䣬Լ֧ŵĸһЩȫֵóһ¡֧ϸ죬ҵת𹥻ԼǻɢȥҲ
Ҷϸ˼һ£ÿУö⡣
ץһһʮľӣɿĵʯʸʯ֯һƬͷ·ס
ȻЧ
ܿ㱻ľ޷ֱӹֻľϣĴ˺ҧЩľ
ľɲҶϵĽôá۸ǺĴ˺ҧģ浽о綾ľ̡͵ȥľûʲô£𷴶ȱʮľ̸ˡ
ʱʮͷΧҶص𣬱Щľ̸̵ıˣľأһͷԵءЩ˵ϱ˺ҧʳһա
Ѫζ̼Щԡ
𣬲Ҫĳʯ촦ĴƬľϵǷݣȥ˺ҧȥĴǷݣֻһСĹ򣬽ľľɸҧϡ
ʮľӣҲСƬ̶ѡʮͷҧЩľ֮Ҳ漴жȥʳٶȷӿʯ촦ΧҶصĻ֡
ҶؿײеһĻȻɫ
ȫûԤϵľȻԣǱøӸйԣĴǰҵļ֡ȥԼķ֣ʱŲס
ǣûʱȥǸֻܴ࣬æʣӣٸʯ첼һܼľϧ۾ʱ䡣
ҶشæԼЯʯ飬ʶϸڣƷʯķĩľֳľӣȼ
ʯۣľľɫСҴҷһæµջһĽ׷׵ʮýʮӰɡ
Ҷذϲõľӵٶȣɱҧľٶȣˡðһ뷨֪Լľӣܲܰе𶼸ɵ
ûչʵ
ֱٴȡʯ飬ʯۣջһĽȶռĽȡӲ١
ٴΣظղŵĹ̡
̣
µʯ֮ľͻȻǱһյİ뽹ۿԳɻʮŽð̣յĽ
Ҷشסˡ
ĽֱԴкѣ׹ߡ
ðһͷղšæгһϵʯľϵʯȥˡʮŽľʯĻյȫ˽֮̿һ
еʯʺݡ
۵־飬ʯݵԣͬϵСľʯľϵݡʯĻǳ׳⡣ΪżȻȤֶϵʯǵ֣ݡľʯԵľϵսǺ顣
⵹ҲͰˡ
ﻹʮľӣֻҪľʯԼ֡
⣬޵ľʯѾľֳľҲ˵ľԴȫϾˡղһʯȥʧϰľӡ
ֻʣ½еʮӣ
Ҷؿɥײǽ˼ˡ
û⹦ײǽǷϣ滹ûбսĽȳϣӻûбս
ÿһ֧ܶôһСҲһתĻᡣ

ǧƵʯ棬ľϣҧ
Ҷضʯ棬ľȻİ
ʮŽմȾ̫Ļʯۣճ˽̿һһǰҲǽ̿ÿһľһ֣Ҳζܹ֧ŵʱһ֡
ֻʣļŽˣ̾һлӵĿԣڡ
Ծ°ɡ
ҶؽʣµļŽȻһɫǱյڵӡûһǻġֽڵϡ
Ҷİ취ͻΧȥʱͻȻһ£Ŀ⣬ɻٴЩսһۡƺڡ
ɿĿɨЩӣһһ¡
ף
ӵǼսˣ棬ȴƺм΢Ļ
ϵӣ
Ҷصһ
̫˼ˡ
ľϵľӣڻʯлһ΢Ļ
Եǵķвݳۡ󲿷ֵľľϵϵľҲУǷǳġͨǱ֣Щ֣ԭĻϣһס
Ҷشûڷﹺ򵽻ıľ
СΣ¶ϲֻܽĻӵбģ߽׵ľˡ
æӣϸ
ϣϼĻʯĩƿǶ˳ȻһûɫľС硣Ȼһģƺʱܵ£ȴǿĻš
ҶСӴĻʯĩﻹ߿ʯ㹻ˡ
С翪ʼڻʯеĻɣҶꡣ滹ԵɫЩɫҶܿ䣬ҶȡȫʺĻһɫ
ɳ׳ùľԣÿһ֦ÿһƬҶ꣬ÿһ̣˾̾һŻȼգ쳣ʢ
һľ
澣
ҶؾϲֵĿ쾣ľҲ֪ľʲôɴֱӸһ
꾣ľϵǻϵǶף֮ǰһľӴ׳͡


118 澣֮
澣
ľϵľùľľһԻȼƵġǱƽĸоɢһ˿˿˵Ļ
ҶȡʯٺЦһ¡ľʯȻûˣʯȴв١

𶴡
ʯ죬һһŵġ桱ұϣγһ˷Ҷصǰ
Դ󷢣˿ЩðųϢľľη棬Ĵ˺ҧ
ܿ죬һͷ̸ˣϸĻ𶾣͵ڣѪҺУԭ۾ʱû̿һɺ졣
Ҷžȵķ֡
̵Чľ̵Чȫͬľ̵ľֱжߣ
̵Ļأȴָı֡
˻𶾵ƢͻȻ쳣Ŀ꣬ǣҴڣ˺ҧԵͬ۵⵽Ϯҧܿʮֻͱû
ǣֻҪڻ澣֯͵Ĺľϣ̸УֻҪһǾͻɱĺҡ۾࣬صȺһ־õս
ҽڣɣȻǶҶصĹȵļˡ
Ҷشʯڣ۾ľ㶵Ŀⳡսⱬ澣𷢿ãȫûԤϵġ֮໥˴ˣʡ˴Ļ澣ӡ

ʱ֮սͣϢ
Ҷнȥһ
Сни澣֦
нǽϵΪһԶݷ㻨˽һʱŽǰʮ׳Ļɫжϡ
ԶԶ˵Լʯ졣
ĳ棬Ҷصһ
һص𺡹ʬ⣬ǧͷڶѨһ㣬СŨش̱ǵѪζǳšʣ¼ͷˣδ𣬲֪
ҶСһնڵء΢üͷȥǰζһԾ𣬽ʬ˼£ԽԶʬ٣΢ɾһЩĵط
޵Ƥëݣҩ
ҶؼЩΪԵӦ˻ֲϡҪЩڳǵʵ̫ģܡ
ҶشͷƤ⣬ڳĴ㡣˵ҲЩҲֻǮѡ
Ͷһۡ
ƤֺЫܻܿڶ⡣Ҫǳȥֻ»ǣʮ鷳
ڶڣ˵ǧͷˣӦûʲôΣˡⶴѨϼ˵ɡ
ҶСŶڣĶѨСĵȥȻΣղǺܽ⡣
Ųڵϣڴ󲿷ֵĵ棬ġҶغĸһ££ɫġȻһ࣬Ҳ֪ڶѻ˶ꡣ
࣡
Ҷص
Ŀȥ֮ܣҩüֵߣöѻҩüֵߡղҩõҩʦ;ռ࣬ҩĿ衣Щ㣬ֲҩֳĲҩֵͨĲҩҩЧҪϺü֡
οķ㣬ЧӦñͨķࡣ
Ҷ˷
һ࣬ԭϵļǮͶ١Щʵķ࣬ܵ뵽Щϸڣߡ
ʧǣЩȻǷ޷ϸڡʱЯİʢװĻҲôһСҲò߶١
Ҷزòʹְ඼ߵͷ
ţʯڣѨȥյ蹦֮δټһͷϲ֮࣬Щƣⶴѵȫˣ
ⶴڵûκιߣָּ
ҶȫĶ䣬ԼôΣյһ˿ұߡżʩչĿ̽һ¶Ƿ
ÿʩչĿʱ۾ĶѨڣŰɫʯһ͵ĹߡںڰĶڣ壬ǳ׳Ϊ޵ĹĿꡣ
ҶֻżʹĿ̽Ѩжϣ˫Ŀָĺͫ
ʯ߹հ䣬ƺ٣Ҷ˺һûߵͷЩģԼ᲻ŹֵѨ·
Ҷغܿһ룬ֻҪ·ȥ϶ܳȥŷǰȥҲֹ֪˼䣬ǰȻʣһʯߣ滹͵İɫâ
Ҷһ£صʯߣĹâĪǱʯӫʯ֮Ķ׹·æӿ첽ʯ߶ڣСС
Ҷ̧ͷʯߴһ¡
ǰһĻ˲͡
ڲ󣬴ԼҲʮɴСһͷ޴󣬻ѩɫľ޴ʯ߶ϡа˸ߣĿͷѪ¶档޴ѩ˫壬ɢŵͰ׹⡣Ʋˣһ̾ľ¸о˲Ĵѩմɡ
ޣ
ҶĿ̽һ֮󣬵һ
üһӦ൱㵽ʿ֮ʵֻ±ȵǾСǰʱɱĻˡûҾһʵϣͬ㼶Ϊ£Ҫʿࡣкܶص츳죬пµķⲻʿԱġ
һʵûʲôգͷ
Ҷס׼˳ߡ
ʱͻȻסˡͷ·ϣһһӨ͸ɰÿһԲϲˡ
ҹɰ
Ҷ˺һðһƷ
һ
ǱݲҩõĳЩҩ鼮أУһ֣ҹɰϵ𣬲ſֱӡҹɰѻüãᾧҹɰ
Ǽ亱ıɰ󡣲ҩҲôһɱš
ͷѩ׵·һСɰ˵Ҳǧ֮ɡһԲϲļƷɫҩЧѡ
ҶصԺͬʱʼҵĶײ
ֶɰ߻뿪
ɰȻ൤ҪƷӡУһŵУƺҪⶫ
ô˵㹻ɣЩҹɰȡߡ
ǣһʮֵļ֡϶ͨࡣµģݡѪϳ֮
Ҷгԥ
ϸһʯߵ⣬ܷȻΣסлȡЩҹɰʯںܿʮˣ㹻ʩչǶ߿խĵضΣȴֻһɶߡ
Ȼһһ󵨵뷨ð˳


119 
ҶûоǵڶϵĵĴӶ߿ڴ˳ȥھ󶴿ʮɶѨڣϥʯĿϢʱ֮ȫָǰʱĵз
ʱ䣬˼һԼĶԲߡ
ڿտĵطǾȥͷ׵ķޡûһСӵʿϣ޷նɱͷ
ѨкܶΣһ˳ͨȴ˻ᡣöѨεƣٽ澣ķһˣҲɱͷ
Ҷؿˣֿܷ
ھ붴Լʮɵһĵطɢ˶ʮ澣ӣһܼĻ澣ķ澣ϰ׳ĴС֦ɣ㹻Ľʵͼ͡
ݣҿ϶ݾٷ˫ĴٴҲڶʱڽ˺ѡ
Ҷһͷ굽ߴʩչһɫķУѩ׵ȥ
̫ûб˴˯ķǳ
ķУǾ
Ȼ˫ۣѩ׵˫͵һš
ۣ
ѩ׵ӰӣӶ߶ʧ
ٳֵʱѾڶߵİա޴˫ȫչÿһɳצȻ࣬ȻһͷȻ
ĶͷƤëȴ˺һСӣ˵ѪȻûܶղŵǵٵķСƤë쳣ļͣղǵУҲֻһСӶѡ
ſѪڣ˻˻ֽУһŰɫԵ÷ͷŭû˭սϡ

˫һģƱˣ߿ڴҶ˹ȥٶȣѾ˾ĵز
ҶȫʩչһԾʮɶѣһ֮䣬ܷɳʮԶȴǡƿУһգ۳ʮԶ֮⡣
ͬǷϵȴмĲ
Ҫʱ䣬һطɵһطƿҪʱ䣬ܹ˲Ƶķ
һֻǵͼϵֻҪߣ˶ᡣһǸ߼ϵֻнϵߵĽ׶Σſѧᡣ
߸֣֮˿ɼ
Ҷز֪ȻᡰƿѾԤϵٶȼ죬׼һֱһݷ
ʩչֽ̬ĸ߽׷ϵһеݷӰһΣʧܿڶʮ֮Ļ澣ĺ֡
³ץҶվĶ߿ڴȴһգץһʯɻתԴ߶ѨȥҶһȥˡ
ܿƼԶĶѨͨеĻâдĶŭһͷʯͨ˴ȥ͹ӴֻһɸߵĶѨͨڷɲ
ܿһƬ澣ĸǰƬ澣ȫסͨǸ͵Ϯˣں档
ҶؼȻŶѨ׷ˣʱϲ۳һһķУķ϶ͷ˹ȥ
СͨڣĵطûУһ±иͷϡҶطķרͷҪ۾ӡ
Ƥѵĵ˺ۣʱŭ͵ҪſʩչƿǰȥѨͨСĳֻչһ롣

ƿǿʩչ˳
ȴ澣סǰȥ·һͷײɶʮû澣ƵĽʵޱȵϡ
ҶؾõĻ澣ǰ衣
ٸ̣׺ݵ˫ϣǿޱȵĻ𶾣ٸλѸ͵ĹѪҺѪҺڣ͵ĳͷ
˻
һнҺҪһ˫۾ɺȣһɥʧ״̬Ѿûκ˼˺ҧĴ򣬷ײ澣ʩչзҪһжݻ١
ʵޱȵĻײҡҡ׹
ҶغȻɫ֮Ȼɥʧǣǹȴдȵһҧóһѣ˳ȥŴʮû澣ľ
ͷųõķУԴ
ʹ˻˻ҽУѪ͵һţһС쫷磬ĺĳ澣Ҷسȥ澣δס޿ײ쫷硣
ҶظûüӦоǱһξ˸У䡱һˤԶײұϣһŨѪĻҲࡣ
Ҷعڵϣ˲ʹ裬̧ͷȥжʱһݡ
ǻ澣ڸղŵС쫷бѶ˺üʮ¶һƶͷ˺ҧƿգҪԼ˶ӣǿмǵߡ
Ҷؼæʮɣִټ䲼õڶĽ·
ûüɡ
Ѿ˵һ֮͵ĳ
Ҷۼ޿ɱܣѾƵ˺ⲫĵز
Ŀ¶ݾ֮ɫһн֣͵سǰһ˦ͬʱһ㣬Լ󵹷ɳȥⱻײϡ
ͣ
ڿ֮£ܣԴбн룬̵Խȫӿͨ
ģ꣬ҲĲˡ
ҶƮڵϣһ
һҡѾȫɥʧǣҶѨͨխޱȣһֻ̣¸̲Դ˵ɱ
㱻ڡˡȻְ취ɱЩ޳ܵζֻҪþС
ָ
Ҷ̷Խʬ壬Ĵ󶴿ڡ
һѡҹɰȻڶߵмѷš
֮أٳޡ
Ҷذĵ߹ȥҹɰɰȫͨȵġ˳ĽһСǧӨҹɰȫϸڡ
Ҷɰϸһ󶴿ߣûĶȺͿϲǣⶴߣżɫݡ
Ҷӣ΢ţģ̫ۡ
ҹݣ
Ҷһ±㽫˳һ൤ŵУһζݣͶݶꡣݣҹɰһĿ֮Ч
ɵһЦôĹһͷǧͷ𣬲ҵһ൤ҪƷ
൤ŵҲδ̫һЩ
Եǣܰ쵽飿ȻһСӵھŲĸ߽ʿ𶴣ֻҲ³
ҶزҹݣûҵĶ뿪˶ߡѨͨʬԣѾȫˡŹζԽУн˳
һ£ָһԾ޴ϸڡ׼ԵȥܲϻõԭϣԵǿɲ


120 նɱ
Ҷϸڷһ£δҵ΢ơѾһ졣ţƤֺЫȲܿ뿪Ķڡ
ҶûóȻ߳ȥڶڵӰèţ̽Լɴһ߷ʬ塣Ҷһ㶣ǱϹѾϹڵƷȴδȡߣĿ¶˼ʯ
ն壡
Ҷڿʬ壬ɫء
һ˼
ƤֺЫҪѾ뿪˵ĻֿʿΪˣܲȡ߱ϹĲȻǶ塣
Ȼһն壬ûôǵ˹ƻڸʱ׼ɱˡ
Ҷ侲Ǳڶڵİϸ̽鶴ҰΧڣÿһ棬ɵĵطδƤֺЫĲڡ˷鼫ߣûôױ֡

ȡ
һֱȵƤֺЫԼΪֹͲţԼԾͻ˵͡

ҶصƲⲢδ
˿̣Ƥһڿ˵ľʯ£§ЫֲϵǷӯϺݺݵţһߵ
²ο϶ҲͰˣСӰ϶ġ澭Ҳˣûˡ澭Ǽôȥ
ƨ£Ҫȥ׷ģôһˡû϶ȴСӸһºɱˣһƵ£θȥ׷ɱʬڶ棬б½ȥã
ЫŵۣƤֵĴµףдߣŤӭϣʱš
Ƥְա
Ҷؽ𶴲֮Ҳðճǽȥʮɣ㱻ǧͷ˴׳۳ŵɫɷףʮͷ׷Ĵ򣬻Ų˳Ҳҽȥ
ûûء澭ֲ뿪
Σֻాʲô취ܰҶصʬӶŪûпǣҶػŵĿԡھŲĸ֣Ҳһʱ
֮£ɴѱϹʬն塱ܲ׵·ʿ

һչȥ
żСӵʿ𶴸ǶԱϹʬףƶûһۣԱϹ¶ļƷʯǲмһˡʯͷǹȥδ̫С˰ɡ
ֱգڳһ֧ͽʿɵСӣ˱ϹʬסƷʯȻ٣Ҳ⡣˵һƷʯҲҪѲСĹ󲿷ֶʿɵСӣĲ̽һΧδ쳣һʿȥʯ

Ƥ־Ż浶ʯڵ棬һ̰˵ʿ
ʿȻʧɫΨбĿ
ļʿǾĲȾܡЫȴѾЦǵĺ󷽣ǸΧסˡнʿɱʿֱƵġ
ʱһӴ𶴵ӰƤֵ
Ƥͷһݣһ浶תʿӡǱסʮ鷳
ӲûеĳҸ¸ٻ٣ӭŻ桰Ŀһľ֦˿η𣬽浶סֲ졣
Ƥ־ʲôȻ»ۼѾҪˣæ˻浶ˡ
쬡쬡쬣
ɫӣƷͣٶȼƤֱ޿ɱܣһ±еһ澣סȻзֻȴҲľյ͸
һӰ𶴿һݣ˵ǰɵʿȵŸʲôɱ
ͽʿʱѹ֪һ·ǿԮæʩչ;Ыһ
ЫûҶڴ˽죬Ȼš
Ҷؿɲ岻壬нƤȥȥ
ϵƤ֣ҶزƽʹҪϲסľǱϣɾУ⾣ӳȥ
ЫȣʿľȴѲ
ͣ
Ƥֲһн͸ķֱ֣ʺתһȦƤûȵԮһԴɥ
ҶҲƣ̼ΧЫս
ЫﲻҶغڵͽʿΧŹֻݡûüߣһɫľӸУڵϡ֮ЫӼ֦ϡҶغʿķѾͷĳ˹ȥûܳŲסƬ̣Ƥһͬ䡣
Ҷؿһʬ壬ĮĽƤֵ浶ЯʮʯȲƻͳͳͽʿȥָŵϵЫӼղǼҲ˲ǵġ
Ƕӵͽ׵ŮʿĽĿҶذѴ󲿷ֵĲƻˣû˸ȥҶص׺ݣ۾ûգһ£̼Ѷʿˣﲻɷë
ǼҶزҪǰЫӼϲİЫǰЫӼֵϰٿƷʯƽÿֵܷʮʯ
л
λ磬ǵĶӳɣЩȱһλִӣ
ǣλ磬ȥɱޣ϶衣
ǼĻû˵ꡣ
ҶѾתһԾߣɵ㣬ʧԶ
ǸСӵ˲ɥһ·ϵΪǴӣȴûԸ⡣ξܾĸףҶظûǡ

һʿСӣϿҶûκȤȥᡣԼҶ벻ǻʲô
Ͽʱǳޣֻܳһ£ʮ¹ֻơѾȥ죬ҵһ൤Ҫݣ൤ŵҪ̫Զˡ˿ҵе˼ѰϡϿѾûмɱУҲܸĵĵȥ̽
֮
ҶһƬٲ
㵵Ŀ԰ټƵʿΧٲµĺ̶ŷӶԸͷǰͷ֣񲻼Ӱĺڽ
˶ʿΧһͷֶλǷǳǿġ
̶ٲϪѾʿضϣһˮطȥˡ̶ڵˮǳıʿҲ
ʿʩչϵᷨˮɱ飬ϣһһİߡ
̶̵ļʱھ޴ĺ̶ڵˮѾȡߣʮɵȡȥ⺮̶бյһ졣ͷ̶׵ĺڽҲҪʿǸ
Ҳֲʿ˵ĳԷ񣬶ϾֻҪõͷͷϺڽǣǻһŵãɵǶһϣڽǾᱻ˭ߡȰ˵ɡ
Ҷضٲڣۿʿæµá
̶ΧæµʿǣͻȻȺһݣһɫӰһץס̶ϵһɫСݣȻɿҪߡ
̶ΧȺһºȻڶʿóǵǻӰΧ׷½ء
ҶĿһݣȻվ
ݣڼˮ൤ҪƷ֮һ


121 ̶ս
̶ıϷһĺݣɧ

ǵӰɫСߣ㱻ʮѴ˷鵶齣УַɳҽһΪҽ漴ʣµ˼ƴɱݡ
Ȼ̶ʿȻ֮ڣ꺮ݵȴֻǼˡֻдͶ൤ŵ˲ŻԺݸȤ֣ҲһݶѣԶԶƾ˼൤šֵģҲôʮλ˼еʿѡ
ʿֻǱԹۣһϷģ
Щڰ˲㡢Ųĸ߽ʿûжԺݶһۡǵĿͷڽֻڽǣȵĳΪŵŵӡ
ⳡΪݴĻңĿ죬ʧҲ졣һݵϵʿһһץݣ뿪Զȥ㡢ʿϰݣ׷ܿǱһʧ̶Χһָֻƺʲôûзһ
Ҷ侲ĿŸղŷһĻȻΪĶѰ˼ԼδܹǼͬʿжᵽݣվûжȥ׷
һԾٲʪݵϣʿڶĺ̶ߡ
̶Ѿڡʮð˿˿˵ĺ̶ˮ⣬иı飬ߡ⺮̶ԲĶף϶ֹһ꺮ݣŽڡȥҳٵĺ
н浶ʹĻ澣֣սȫԲУҲбʵһսڻҡ
ڽѾʮĸ߽ʿϣ϶ûķݡǺ̶ڵܹ֮࣬˳ĵõһꡣ
㣬Ҷظɴ⺮̶¸Ѱһᡣ
ʮյʱ䣬̶ٶȱڿ˽ʮ֮ʱô꺮ݣϡݱ֣ʿȥ
ʮڽҲżͻȻð˺ҧһʿȻѸ̶¶šڵԽֵԽƵұꡣ⺮̶ˮ㸶ʮʿ
쵽ˣڰڵϳ㣡
һʿڵ̶׵࣬ʿͻȻ˷
ǻ˷ܡ

һսĵķŭ˻𣬻صڴϿ֮䡣һͷȫźɫۼ׵͵ش̶ڴ˳βͿ˦ʿɨϡϵķ֣Ϭ絶ƬβۼǰûκáѪˮ˲Ⱦ̶
һΣڽûٲˮУǷ׷ҧ̶ڵʿ
ڽѽӣ
ңÿ
ڵͽʿҽо˷ܲĴӺ̶ӡҪ˵ס׵ޣǵл˻ƴһ¡ĽޣѾʿˮ׼ǵʿԶԿġ
ȻһȺʿϵĻҲòͷ׺ޡǷɿ̤ں̶ڣϷɴڣԾϵ档
ʮڰ˲㡢ŲʿΪܣǸԵԼСӣʩչ̶ַ»ˣ㳯̶µĺڽȥ
ͷڽۼ׷ǿһööĻˮ棬ӡû¡ɿץں̶ʯϣ쬵ļ±
ʿǻæɢɱԼΪڽĹĿꡣ
ڽͷһͣͷϵĺڽǣ͵һɼĺܵʿЩӵĵͽʿͱסαֱβһɨΪѪɫ
ʿȻɵվڱ⣬ֻ뺮ķΧ
ڽ֮ڣʱûվκһʿ̧ͷԶԶվڵʿһۣ˶ƺ˦˦βͣĽŲŲæĳϪȥ
ʿǾδһ̫ˣûнʿ
ɱ
߽ʿзֺĿ⡣ΪΪʳΪ˶ºڽǣͶţ̤;ƴˣǼ׷źڽٶȿ˹ȥ
߽ʿ׷źڽйͼɱ
Ҷسֻ浶վԶ뺮̶ɵĵطĿЩ߽ʿ׷ڽû׷ȥҲܴЩ߽ʿڽǣɱ飬Ȼȥ֡
ҶתͷĿ⣬Ķ˺̶ϡ⺮̶Ŀ꣬Ҳʮԭ
Ҷһ뷨ģһнĲ㵽ʿͽ׵ʿǶûдȥ׷ɱǺڽǰĿں̶ϡ
̶ûѾȫǳûڿ̶Ѱݵʱвʮʿ棬ϵĲƻɾ١
нסͽʿǣ໥ԵʿɫŹ֡ͻȻǺϬһԼͬ͵ĳ̶̶׵Ʒ
ҶԼϼӳһֻ֣浶УСΧʿˮ㡣
ˡ
ʿɢޣмʿ临ӣ˭ҲԷǷж飬жˣʵжǿȻҲ֪ǹһˣûж֧Ԯر˲Ե޹ʵ׹ûз֮ǰû˻׿ɱġ
Լһ˻ʿȺзһơΧ˶ľ֣ûжֵ֣ʱûκιǡ
ǳǣԥĸڶʿ̶ȥһԾ뺮̶
ɵĺ̶£ܿ㷢˲ٵ
ģıʯôһ飡ѽղ˭͵ϮӣվҪƤװڹˣղ˭ûըƨɣ
һĴ׳󺺣ϷŻɫ׻֣̤һʯϣһֳֵ۰ǿ޴ıʯһȴƨɣŭĳʿŭ
ʮʿһװɵ㶣ƲͷûҲû˭ָղŷŻ˭Ǵŭ۾ͬʱʮʿսֻ
ʯʯʯֺʯټԵǵʿҶδҵõ⺮̶£ȻвƷʯʿǵĺ
̶ԽԽ𱬣ʿһߺһ߳ͷŷ͵ϮһҵĻƴҸʯȥɡ
ҶؾԼ͵ע⣬ۼֿ죬üСıʯС̶׵ĻңĴҷɵķʱҵϣѻҵ𶯲ѣ޷Ѱݡ
ҶнһͻȻһɡа񡱵ͷ
Ķ̶׵һʯ䣬ϸڵһøոս˹ʵĻ澣ľԵ˺̶ϡȻһʮԶ
澣ģһױľıһӣֵúüٿʯҷֵģ
ҶָŽϻ澣¶һϲ̬ţ͵سǹľȥ
ΧںݡʯʮʿǶһ㶣תͷָķȥ̶̿ϳһֲľȴһҫ۶Ŀ˲ٵĹӡľĹӣֵͬһ㡣
ҵʱûмйȥϸ룬Ϊʲô˱ĺ̶£һϵľʿǵĵһӦʲô˵𱻱˸ȡˡʱʮӰ澣˹ȥ
Ҷذ֣һ룬͵۷˻ȥûʰȡΧ


122 ջ
ʯ
ݣ
ˮ

ҶÿһƷĬǵ֣ɿֲժÿݲһ͹ˡ۾ĴȥѰź̶ĴǷ൤ŵҪĲҩ
ͬʱһȺʮʿҶعų˵Ļ澣ȥ໥֮仹͵һ򣬷ˮ
ѽ
һ̵״󺺣ðͬʱ⵽ΣգŻ澣ӡ֪ǲΪĻֱҵĹڱһʹһ£ʹһ֮䣬˫Ŀɺ죬٣Ϣޱȡ
߾
״󺺿Хһе齣裬ܵļʿҪȥǼʿŭȻǷĵ̴նɱսʬ
̶ʿĻսԽԽҡ
ɱֵǣǸɵﱻǣ
ȷֵģ
ӵķ飡
ȣܣ
ҶؿŻҴսľСľΧñ˶ϡϵķܣӸĻ򣬷С˶͵ϮҲֻһ澣ӾסԷȻѸԶԶıܿͶԷӲս
̶ʿڶ࣬ʱ⵽ʿϮû˭׷š
οҶشĻ澣ûôױѡٱ澣סʿܿʿûһӵϣն⽴ҷ
̶ʿԽԽ࣬ʮ֮ڡ
ҶĿ⣬ķЩʿϡϵһһĵΣɶЩͨԵǷ򵽵ģͲˡЩĸ߽ڷǮҲδܹõ
ɿ֣ʿϵƷһûʱȥֱǵļֵ˵
ҶҪʰȡһƷͻȻһݣоһϢӲ
飡
־ҵ𶯣Ҷܣ⵽ҵػɵɣվȣҲ˼֡
£ˣ
һɫĴ׳ӣһЦųҶһ죬ʰǼһĶ˵ƺ⣬뻳С
Ҷɫһ
ɿļһԼķ뺮̶֮󣬽ʩչ⵽ַĺϮԼڵķֻʣ²֮һѾ˱ٺĽߵΣչͷٺ̶ڴȥˡһ⵽üǿķϮľ߸һ׷Ҳûʲô㰤һ͵ñ
Ǹºӵʵ࣬ȻǷҶʣķˣԼķҶض࣬ҶزҺӲƴŶȻᡣ
ҶغݺݵĶǸϣǸСƺһܺһҧӻͳһС«͵ĽС«ĳɣһƣ븹С
һĳɣƣɢļ죬˳žɢѸڸľѾɺԵķʼ֡
һСں«ľҲʮƷʯָķ࣬㹻ʩչβܹһöֵԶԶڴˡ
ҶС«͹һڣӲǸӸһ£㵣лָɾƣ
ȥɣ
ҶЦ˫һӳСѸٰǣָһ

쬣
澣ӣ˳ȥ
ǻӴ󾪣æŴлɫ׹ֻֻ֣صٶȣٶȳ澣Ӵһϣ˲˶澣֦סĽʵʵ
Ҷ˹ȥн֣ʹ̣ǻ󺺵ϡ
һ
ޱȵнֱӵ˿
Ҷһ¡СƼסЧô̲͸⻤֣
ǱڵϵĻӣ״ЦȻýӵ֣ûţʲô׶ƣΨƲ˷ǿסСӾסӣҲɱҡӵļѹС·һҿ㻹ǸϽɡЦĶˡ
ҶĿ¶âĴɻ
Ʋף
ǵһھԪڽ⽣ϣǿд͸ܵף˵ֻҪǿһƵסн䷨͵ȥ
ӵ׾̴֮ǺӲɵĺȻɫ䣬ȡȻ̶ڻһƬըĺмü
꣡
ǱϸСнոմ̴ӵףˡ
ҶضнӻӵĻѳһСں̶ڶûл֮󣬱˲ϰĻӣæ̤ں̶ڣϣ̶ڴϿԶ֮زز
ķѾ֮һסٸĺϮҪڱ˶ϣʮա

ԶԶķ˻ޱȵĺ̶ҶϿͱڸεĵطϲ̵ѵƷ
һջ
ټ
˵еĴ
ҶطŪв۵Сֲӣ֡浹һСʮƷʯм鵶齣֮ĵͽ׵Ʒ
Ǻǻģԭ˭û֪
ǰʿ˵ƷûмֻʢƷ޷ս۸ǳҪٿʯһн׵
Եͨɢޣͼ𣬸Ҫ˵ӵרʢƷѲ߶Сӳ࣬Ҳ᲻ûǮⶫԵֵĽ⽣
ĳʿŻӵⶫ
Ҷذ뵽
Ϊʵã¡
ֿ˿Ʒ
ң
һַǳϡңɢ㣬˼룬Ȼɾ
Ҷֻһ΢֮Уͷ͵ľϿΣ쳣ɾκ͵һҧ촽ѪԻȻѣҡͷԻ㣬ЩԵ
ɺ
úɺƳɣǳɰġаõСò
һŮõĶ
ȣ
ǺǣӦǷϵÿһƬȹǶ̾£ȥΪԵ˷ޱȡ
ҶغٺЦ
ӹ֮
ϧԼһڽҡһҡӣҲôһ¡
Լں̶Ʒһ¡
ݶ꣺ݡˮݣǼ൤ġ
ʯƷʯԼʮ飬ʮֺʯࡣʯʮ顣
Ҫ鵶齣ȣͽסн׵УΣһ㹻װһСӵʿˡ
鼮֮ɡ
Ȼ٣Լȴûмнǿá
ΨһõϣһɵĿռ䣬ʶȡƷһЩ޷ϸƷûҪϸڵͨԷⴢװš
Ҷһ£ݺͱʯϸڣеƷ봢У뻳СϢָӲ֮̽ͷһ£ûˣһ㣬Ͽĵط


123 𱬵ķ
̶һս֮ʮѾȥһ롣
ϿڣԽաʱѾЩʿڴϿͨðաɱ޵ȷʽʿǲٻȥ̾Σ֮ðգڴӱʿϽȡ

һգϿһƬڣ޹⡣ԶϪ֣ʱ޵ããĴϿڻصĻꡣ
һɫӰӣͻȻһ鲻۵̦ʯ˳ʯһ㣬ݣƬ֮һŵС¡
ŵСֱ֮ͣͨǧɵһֱͱ֮ϡ
˲ǱˣҶء⼸ľʮգɱ˽ٻʿԽԽ࣬ǵûҵһݣ⵽ϮƵǱӡո⵽һ׷ɱʮ澣ӣŰѶֵ׷һطԼϿ˲ϵĶ֮⣬ɲʲôǰԵǣȫһЩ
Ϊˣҹ뿪Ͽȡ
˿̴ϿȵϿգ쫷磬ХѾǰʱԼһ֣Ų໹죬ɷ᳹ͣ¡һͣϿڱŨŨĴҲûʿڹڻһڹڣʧ򣬱ɡ
ҶҪ𲽣ȴͻȻͣס
̧ͷͱڣüƺ뵽ʲô
СխĶˣõطֻҪһСĻʿַͻϮóȻȥֻҪôɱҪô׹ȵض
ֿԷǳЩĺʿܲ뵽գ
ŵСȥôֻܴͱطֱȥϾûܹڰﳤϿȵеĵطֻҸƫƧͱھˡ
Ҷͷ취ǷС
ϸһ룬취ȻԱ⵽ʿķȴһΣաС̷ɸ档ЩСӣרʯϴѣɫҺǿҵʴáǾС´Ͽȵʱ򣬱ֳӡ
һС̷ɸϮֻǧͱڻûʵȥ㷨Ľߣ뼫Σյľء
ϿȵİգвҹʳķޣĿ⼫񣬺ױϣǵͻϮΣա
Ҷڤ˼ã취ƺҪðСķգ׵
ɫãһȫ취ԭʧڹŵСȻ벻ʲô취ܰȫȥô϶ЩϿȵ֣֪ô졣ֻҪ￴žС
գȻ½ЩʿСŵСõķļ򵥣ü֧׼뿪ϿȵСӼʮʿڰʱһӹŵСͱȥû˭ȥϮһȺʿռκαˡ
Ҷؿ취С죬ûжĺ˵Σյ£Щжʿ˵ȴܼ򵥡
ļ죬һȺ㡢ĲΪĵͽʿ飬ӹŵСȥʱ
ҶβţαװһСӵĳԱ֧м䣬¡֧СΪҶ֧Сӵˣ֧СΪҶ֧Сӵˣû˻֡
ҶǰǸСӵֺСɻĻͷһۡҶĮߡʿҶΪ﷢ëҶԣҴҼӿ첽
Ƭ֮һСȺͼʿ˹ȶδ⵽뿪Ͽ֮ԵǸԭ̲ϣԽĵط١
ҶظһСȺʿһ·ۣԵǶȥ
Ȼȫ뿪Ͽȡ
ҶȴЩ䡣
ðΣմϿȣֻҵ൤ָҩҪʮ겻ͬັݵĿ̫Զˡ
Ҫ꣬ʮĹðΣնγϿȣſЩݡƵģɥϿ֮ڵĿԼ
ѶôߣԵмɢһξͰЩҵ⼸ʿȥһԸȥģ
ҶЩգΡȻɣԼһҲУɢƵ£ûʲôǰ;ԡ
ܼ򵥣һˣϿС֧Ԯɱ֧ţڹںߣҲûǸɢ޺ͼӸ׶֡һܼ򵥵𣬽ȴȻͬƵͼʿðҲҪɡ

ҶطԵǵʱ򣬳Ѿвǰصʿˡǣ˿ԵڻޱȡǧʿԵǵķС֡㳡к໥ڴϿѰҵ
ˣֻǼ൤ŵıƷ֮һҲǮֻʯǵŵƷ˭Сʯҽ
һݵʿһһѤĻȺ˷ܵĴкһƴֵʿȥ뻨һʯ⻨
ݵʿһʿͷĸˣһȥ˭ҪʯǿԼɵĶֻաʯɣʯ֪ǿٱ
˭Ҫ顮ʯһꡣֻҪһ顮ľҾͰѺʯԶһ±뺺кȻޱȣȴûʿȺм䡣
Եǣ洦Ľк
Ҳѹ֣ʮʿϿ֮ڣ϶ܹҵҵЩδؾԼҪ֣ȻҪó˽нС
ҶԵǵķУＸҵ൤еʮݣ̲סͷĿϲ˶ʿｻһ취ԿٵĳＯȫ൤Ҫʮ겻ͬݡ
Ҷûе飬ϻصĿջš
ϸԼڴϿڵõݡʯ࣬Կٵʮ꣬뿪ջڸʿн
ֵܣˮľΣ
ˮȻҪҵģľˣ
ҶظˣʿͬϲæľҶؽˮ
ҶصһСľͷЦſ첽һ±뺺ǰ
λ̨ľӦҪİɣ
±뺺۾һľͷɿͷգ֮ˣҶػûзӦ뺺ϲ̵ܵĲӰ
ҶǷɱıӰҡҡͷбҪô˷˺ʯһ캰ɤӵʿǰҲû˵ֻһеǿɫʯͷ
ݵʿϲæеʯ
ҶغٺһЦˡ
ڷС֡㳡ƣô൤ҪŪ֡
̶һʱڣͨһЩеĴ۸ӵؽ൤Ҫʮݡ
ҶվԵǽͷæתʿǣһ泩ޱȣһֱϵĸо
ڣѾ̤൤ŵżϡ֮൤ŵĵǰԵǽյˣֻҪʮ͹ȥС
ʣµʱ䣬ҶҲûš
ȣо̫֣ɴ˷һЩרŵʿˣȡ˲ٵʯڷڸѰǷв


124 
Ҷڷڹ˺ü飬ֵͽסнܶ࣬ȴһЩֻɫûһĳ嶯ɵЩʧͰա
һ£ͻȻԳⷻʿó̯ģ϶Ǳ˲ҪĶǺö˭ԸóżôһƷֻҲͱۼʿˡֵõģ
һ㡣
Ҷûڷɴ뿪˷Уȥڵļһ
ﻹϸĲϣ̡֪ǵáܲʿƳ

ԵдСССټңڵʿΪҲ֮࣬ڵʿеʮʿʿ
ԵһŵĻƣ֮ѷɫ
żϵͣʿһЩͼ鵤
żȴҪ߳һأֻʿ𣬲Ƴᵤʿ𣬲ƳΪǿķ
Ȼʿȱ㹻ĳ¶ȣ޷Ƴ
ЩСʿҲõġ˵ǿ𣬽ǧʯһ飬ȥеĴϿʯңһ龫ȻٰЩڵʿٿ龫еĲϵʯĴַһ̵Ľϵ
˵ˣЩСǼªϼӹЩɻСǮûмǮģЩӵʿĴ
Щƴ֣඼Եڵӵһʺ¥ǰǵ棬ӴˡԺ䣬һȺͽʿɻ
⼸죬ٵʿŴϿڻõľնɱ޻õĲϣԵ֮󣬶ǮʦæƳ

ԵһæĵضΣƺΰ¥ռĵط¥ҲԱߵ¥Ը߳һء
¥һϰɳĴһЩºŮ̴ææдŴʿЩ̴Ӵ඼һҵˮ׼Ϊ̫ͣȥϿɱޣֻڳɻǮ
Щ̴Ӽ¥ĸ߽ʿǱϹϾ˿ҵ
Ҷ¥ſڣһ´˶ʿھŲʿԥһ¡
ջǾٲ߽ȥ
֮ǰѾȥļҴͬæµ١䷵ȥɴˡ
ҶؽڣȺУȥ
һ¥ڷų̴ľ̨һһ׵ĵʽʣΣµĸŮʯСΣסڼס磬ͷ˿µѥӣһӦȫ
ټ׵һɢŸϵ˵һ桢ʵءâ治¶𺳺̾
Ҷزɰ̾ⱦֻǰһЩӵͽ׵߽׵Щոµϵ覴ãǰһЩȷϵͬҪ϶ɵϡ
ϱһʮŮ̳Ҷӭ˹Цλ͹٣ҪǹСŮӿ԰һ¡
Ҷظ֣˵õеĲ϶𣿡
ŮЦԵɢ˵ĲҵʮʿڴǱƲֻҲΪˡշҲΪġ֪Ĳʲôʲô
Ҷؿ˿ܣδش
ĲδǶ󣬵Ҳ·߽̯ϿҳġȻڶޣʵѾ޲ࡣû֮ͥóʿ͡
Ů˹æ˶ӣ϶¥ĵ̸ǱרŵļʦΪṩַ
Ҷص˵ͷŮ˶¥
¥ĸʮ֮࣬еĸ䶼һı֣ȫܷסҶһ룬²⵽ӦǸ֮ķԷ˵˽ܱй©
ŮҶ¥һʵλ͹٣ĲǸģǿʯࡢľࡢȡϵĲϣ͵ļʦУΪϵƷʡȻרҵļƼǡƷ֮ͬٽơ
ࡣ
Ҷ붼û룬ֱ˵
Ů̾ȡ
ϵĲϣǴϿɱáɱȿʯľѶˡҶؿȥǳᣬСϼ꣬ΪȴѾߵ˿ɱ޵ĳ̶ˡ
Ľ˵ͷһ䣬Ǳо޲ϼʦЩ֣ĲĻһõķóһֵƣڹһֱɢһ󶴡δȥֻƿţҶؽȥ
ҶصЦֿ϶棬ֺܿԶ£ָ
Ϊúܼ򵥣һΣŸɾİײһۣͷͷһ޵Ĺͷ۾оʲô
ҶĿɿ̽һ£ͷԼĲ㣬Ϊߡ
ͷ¡
ͷΪߣǼЩưĮȻ̧ͷҶأҶصΪ㣬ҿȥҲǮƵʿüͷ
ͷûиҶؿһС޹ͷһԣֱʵʲôϣϷ򿴿ɡ
ҶشӴУóϡһһѩ϶ܴǶѩչ֮󳤴ɣһ°Ӹеĵط
⡫Ӧɱˣ
һ㶣̾ϲɨӹѩȴɻסˣϷ֪¶ǺɫѪɫġ˫ȴôǰɫ
ȷϸģΪʲôǰɫģҿɾͲ֪ˡһ
Ҷƽ͵
߾ɵĿҶأ̬Ѿı䣬ư֮ɫһɨաҶôɱͷģ֤һ㡪ʵûʵ޷棬Ҫ˵ɱ
ĳǼ𣬲۶֮û⵽ƻȻĤб΢ƵĺۼӰҲûѺۺͰˣƷϼѡ
˫ɢĽɫâϸɨӹÿһط֮̾ʣ޲½ϵޣֱӷߣɱôģ
ҶسĬδش⡣
߼Ҷز˵Ҳʣ˷ܵļƷ֮ϲĸרҵ
޲ϣֱڷϵϡϵϣ
ͨƳɹ̡ǿѪ֮Чһезں̵ܶʱɵзеѪҺڴȻͨӰԵ׺ݡ
Ƴɺķ
Ҫ֪ʿӵзķ򼸺޷С󲿷ֵҲ޷ʿֻ⣺һӵӵܹݣʿУڿнйݼĺķѾ޴ͨʿҲ㣬Я


125 ߰Ʒ

Ҷػǵһ֪ڡоȣϢϸŰͷ˵ֲϵ;
ͷϲ˵һͨϵ;֮δͼӴ׵ƣ򲻹֣ôֱһɣֵĹΧȥȥЩͨʿֻڵϸɵۣţ޿κΡ
ȻֻʿʿУܹеĿꡣȥǣҲԵ޹׷ɱ㡣
Ҷ΢΢ͷԵڼټʿżҲֻԶԶƳһۣ˵ȥˡз֣ʿٱıǮˡ
ͷҶضˣӵ˵ϷһҪ㽲ƶɵȿʯࡢľƵһԡḽޱķ޻ĳַôҲʩչӦķÿͷ޻츳ͬЩʲô˵
Ҷ͵һȡĲϣƳɵܸôʩչһǿķϵ߽׷ǲҲʩչ
Ѱ˼š
ֻͨзãͨҲֻѪ֮ЧɫȡĲϣͨȫһˡ׾ģϷǵһμ޷϶ˣɱͷʱ򣬿ʹóʲôķ
ͷĿ⾼ҶغޱƺЩڴ
Ҷۿͷ
ûʲô顣
ͷ׷ȴǷС
ֻҪԼƳУǮǣбҪôô޹ص飿ģҲֲǱġ
û
Ҷغޱ˵ش
ͷԶʱΪʧͷͲðˡûиǮȫһѰļǮ
ҶضŰͷʵ˵ɣܹҪʯ㣬̫ˣȥ
ͷϸ׵ָż룬ҶصĴŴ磬ѸٵŸôۡСȻᣬֻ¶װһ־ĲϣһôװʢţĳĳһʿɢޣǮ
ֻƵĲԽߵӶͲ˳¿Խߡ
ͷĥţλȡôʵͬ׵ޡȡõĲϣƳڸ߽߽ڷڵļ۸ٿƷʯŰٿƷʯ֮䣬ƳɵöأϡӦڸ߽׶˵ҲֵþŰٿʯ̣߽׵ͼ΢ЩٿƷʯܹһǧٿ顣
ԭԼҷֻƣչֻȡʮ֮ļǮΪƵӶܹİʮƷʯ
ͷۣһŨ裬ٶ۾ĶҶءЩˡܹɽܹõеһɺôԼʮƷʯһǮưæüҲδõ
Ҷس˼ԼĿǡ֮ǰϿʰȡĵ֮֮󣬲Ҳкüٿʯһֻһȥڷʿô𱬣ӦܴչǮͷǮ˵̫ףöȻкõļ۸ǿԽܵġ
ҶģǾԼõ֣ʲôҪ
ʲôʱƳҵʱ䲻ࡣ
ͷҶͬ۸񣬴ϲ
ʮʿǽľˮϵֻϵϣ˻ǷϵϣƵѶȼ󣬱ǷϵʦܹƳֺĳϵʿ١Եǣûκһзϵʿ
Ҷһ£ʱ¶ɫ˵ôãûܹƲϣ˵ļǮʲôһ˫һҪ뿪
ͷæ£С߰⻰û˵أұȻ˿ƣҷһտ׵ʦŵļӺ磬дŵʿΪơ¶ƫóƸϣ϶зϵʿǳֵĻƳɹĿԴһ¿״ʦԵһ£
Ҷ漴ͣ£ɫ΢õ㣬ͷû̧ű뿪
ͷɿĴӻóһŽɫʮﴫֽ˵˼仰Ȼ󳯰һסʮһ貵Ľ⣬һɶš
һ
һʿ϶¥ֽҶغͰͷڵĸ䡣ʿǰͷ˵տ׵ʿտ׵ʿ꣬޳Ƥɿ࣬ľȻɨҶغͰͷһۡ
ҶĿȻһһտ׵ʿδԼϢɲǼ䣬һӴѹѹǵһκһʿվôʩչĿȥ̽ʿΪֻǿ֧Լѹѹſ¡
𾪡һʿʿѹͽѹĴҪ˵ֶԿˡ
ͷտ׵ʿ̱ñϹϾ״ʦϹһ񣬼ȥȻͷҲһʦͷΣλʿǰƨҷš
ʿһ̲ĵղŴŹ˵Ĳϡʲôϣֵȥŵĵѳ֣
ͷæϵһ˵һ¡
ʿɨһϵѩ¶һ˿оһδ˵Ҳûκαʾֱӱֳ˸䡣
ͷҲæţҲ˸䡣
Ҷڸڣǹѹʧɳһ΢΢֪ԵϽɱˣɢĲҵʿܹȻΥЩеʿղһƾ⣬δӹ۾λʿƺ⸱ϣĸȤ

ʿ˸䣬ȣ·ڶſһ޹ؽҪһʹͷĶʲô
ͷȻڸԼ˵æЦʦСʹˣС˵ᷨСӸˣҿİʮʯûлۣдͷǴʦдŵǱһ¾İʮƷʯǱߵǮǮ
ͷᷨ
ʿšüͷһչһͷӦǱʧܣɥʧ츳ҲԣĽзķޣôܻᱻһȺʿɱ
ͷɵˣĽޣ
ʿЦޣǱ޻Ҫһף൱ڡĽסǷѪûʲôôǶᣬʿ˵ҲǺˡ಻ͬѰĸ߽׶ļǮǿˣֱӷŰٿƷʯ
ŰٿƷʯ
ͷٴαסૣûдлع
ʿľϵʿЩϵĲûʲôȤ԰ͷһ֮󲻼뿪˱ĴԺ
ͷͷصڣԸոմӾ޴ѹ»ָҶأЦ״ʦ˵ˣŵʿû⡣ֻҪһҲǾŰٿƷʯС֪С֧ܲǮ
Ҷϱտ׵ʿһˣתۼǮͷһǼҲûǰķãѾһ߽׼Ʒˡ
ͷҶƺ˵˼ŲæЦ˱а취֮⣬û˿ˡ˵ҵ·Ǯ϶ҲұһھŰ١״ʦԸ߽Ϊ֪ļۣǾԴ˵ġ
ôҪãƺ
ҶѾָ侲ʱߣûκá
ͷЦܿ졣ҷһͷݡֺ񣬿ֱϷȥţһһֻҪСʱ䡣ƵĹҲֻҪԼ졣ڣضԽ
Ҷûٶ˵ʲôһԼ֧һٿƷʯ깤֧ʣİ˰ٿƷʯ
ʧܣϱٻ˻⳥һǻˣҪ⳥Űٿʯһ̻ˣҪ⳥ٿʯһǧٿƷʯ
ҶϿκα飬պԼͷҲص뿪˱


126 ȡ
ԵţһС¥
ü᷿ڳһ뵽ϺڴϿܵˣ㲻ɵĳ̾һ֮ˣֻҪȻЩ˲УҲ㲻ʲôǶĶʮ裬޷Ϻڵ޷תΪ½ơֻ¹ϼ£ϺĲΪ
ҪȥҲ򵥣ʮʯȥƷ嶾鵤ˡǣϺڶ޷ĵʿԵҲûмϤĵѣȥʯ嶾鵤
뵽ʯˡǸȥЩɲУֻ޳ʯɲסţͷ¥ȥתһתҪӶ֡
ͻȻһ㶣һʿ¥ʱϲӭȥ
Ҷֵܣˣ
Ҷ̧ͷŷЦţջǵ״Щ̫ģԹ֣Ϻڵôˣ
ЦҡҡͷϺڡаɣǵˣˣҪЩࡣ
ҶʵöˣҲ𣿡
˵ͷȻˡö˾֮;̫飬ѾʰȥˡھҺϺڻסֵѾջµǻסһСʱ䡣Щ죬Ƕ˿ҲֻлĽȥ⼸죬ҿܲܰϺЩƶ鵤
Ҷס޷ǵλԵദȥ뿪ΡҲãĽܱԵҪȫܶ࣬ٲõ⵽ôߵĽɱ
Ҷһʱ޻˵᷿һ»ڴϻŵϺڡϺƣʱˣ»²
Ĭã΢̾ϿȣÿҲ֪˶ʿϺȻˣзƴ˻ЩʬϿȵʿ˵˵ġ
֮;쳣գһ³ǣ̤֮;ֻһص׽ȥӹӹµµɹʣµʮˡĽֺαزԶԵء
Ҷس˼Ŀ⽥
ֻһСܿ뿪˿ջ
΢΢ЩʧҶǼм΢еǮҪҶؿϳְæĻܰϺھⶾҶ˿£ҲԿڡ
ΣǵȥҸƲСͻȻһϲ֪ʲôʱСƿ鵤æȥǴ򿪣嶾ӹ࣬¶
ס뵽ղҶͻȻȥ۽ǲһʪ

صջžޡ
֮Ҷٴȥһ˱̴ӵĴ£¥Ķ¥ϴμǸͷڵĸ䡣
ͷҶˣЦеһ̴ӣһӣȥĿȡһ̴߲Ļ£ȡӣ¥ڡ
ʦҪĻ
̴ӽ͵ͷУ˳ȥڸ档ʱΪ˱⣬ڱڣҲǳܡ
Ҷغİͷ¡ϣһǶ߳ĽУʢųõġһɳĴУʢŴƷ
ͷָУЦλС磬ˡŵʿ֣˿ûгС翴һ»ɡͷȽСЩĽУ򿪣Ҷعۿ
ͬʽĴ׳̣仡ΣУԼһ磬ɢŵ̵ıϣһЩĽɫţȻʿȥ֪ʲôõġ
֮С˼֣ףһ־޵ĸо
һԴ̣ԵʹһѣҲ˫һͬʹáϣһոµİɫֽǷ
ͷź룬޵ƳѪɫģŨѪϢ׸Ⱦʹ֮˵־ʹñ壬Ծ󲿷ʿ̳֮Ϊааޣ˻ȥʹаƳȴǴɫѪϢŨ˲⡣˵á
Ҷƽĵ˵ͷδ˵ȡʱ򣬱ûиоѪϢҲԵĲ
ͷ漴ֽǴд򿪡
һ֮Ѿһ𣬳һα仯ֻǱԭĲ΢СһЩͬһŰɫֽӡš
ϵǳأϿǹĤѾȥеѪʣͨޱȣϼѵķϵǼܡڹ䷨ķʹá
£ķٶǶһʱңٶȲ졣ص㲻ٶȣ١߲Էպ෴ڸ١ͲԷͳǷ֧
ΪҶǸ˸߼۵ĽͷʽлõɷǳߣʮֵľҶ˵֮
СáʱʹáᡯĶ֣ҪͶԷƴٶȡȲԷֻܱƴԡ
ҶĬĬףμ¡亱ͬʹʿԲ󡣲һϣҲʿʹ÷УҪ
ڿʹ˰ɣ
ͷȴæֹ̧ûпأãָָİɫֽƼŷӡƳɹ֮󣬶ȥ
ҶزŷǸʲôġ
ͷ͵ʿʹù֮󣬻ԼϤķϢϢԼԽǺϵĻʹԽ˳֡һܶʿùķϢòӻңо̫˳֡
й棬Ƶ֮ڣȥʹ÷ӡӡմȾϲӵķϢ
ŷӡǴףûһ˿ɫ˵ûմȾκ˵ķϢƳɹ֮ûʹù
ͷ˵꣬ЦֵأҪȸʣµİ˰ٿƷʯҲźΪ⿪ϵķӡ㸶ãֻýԭⲻǵĹ̨ȥֳˡ
Ҷ֪лֶصĹء涨ҲΥһ£ӴУʣİ˰ٿƷʯ
ͷϲʯҶصӻȡſ뷨ϡ
ϵƣͷŪ٣Ҳ˼١ӡǴŵʿȥģӡ滹˴ʿĶرǡ
ɫâϵķӡ
⿪ӡ֮
Ҷشӽȡ̡ɫ̣ǳ
ͷЦݣҶ̣ǷһЩ۵һޣԹУҪҪȥһ̵Уǻм޴ңǳտҲһ
ء
ҶؾͷĽ顣
ȻѾƳɣҸǮ˻ЧΣͱĽѾˡαԣ
ңͷ̫ˣ衣
Ҷؽֱ߽װ˴У˶¥䣬¥뿪һСһӰҲų˱ţ̽ͷԣȺԾԶԶҶصĺ档


127 ׼
ͷԶԶĸ٣ҶأͲָٿ˵Ĺ
ôҲǸݵλļʦֻҪԵıﰲȵĸĻƣÿ¶м鵽ʮ鲻Ƶʯˣ㹻ƽʱ֮ãŸֹ
صǣһ˷ڸ٣ͱ˳ȥȫˡܻԵǵĶɢ˵һ죬¼ϣɲɳƻй顣
ǣǳĲ⣬ȴò
״ʦǱеʮλʿ֮һΪ͵λǿ̫ࡣǰ״ʦʾһҪŪǼ߽Ƿ񸽴ʲô״ʦȻûа˼˵ܷĴǿҵİʾ
Ҳ𣿿״ʦӣڱڻ첻ȥԵҲվסš
״ʦһȻΥĹ涨д˵Ļ⡣״ʦüδ֪˵ϺõķϧǿŪ֡ȻֻǸͨ״ʦûйˡ
һʼѰ˼ţСڷڵʹһҲ״ʦ
Сƫƫɣֱˣܷѡ״ʦҪû⵨ǶϬ۾עѡ
ͷҶ뿪˱һģų¥ԶԶĸҶغ档

Ҷڴϣü˱֮󣬱ʮСǷ˸٣ܿͷһβ͡Ǹļʦ
ͷȻǸȴ൱Ĳģ׾ͱ֡ͷҪһֱںٸǸ鷳
ҶؿɲͷסĿջȥ취С
ڲ֣ܶҪǲС
Ѱ˼һԼͷʵͷȥ

ͷҶس˱ţʩչĸ̲
ͷп࣬ں׷ϡԵǳظʿв١̫Զ׸̫ױʮֿա
ͷɴԼһſطϢϢⱻϢЧƺǳǰСӾȻһҲûͷΪ⣬¼ӽ˼֡

뿪ԵǴԼʮһܲ˼ĸ̲ҶضȻͣƿտ˵ܣ⣬һĺõط
ҶشӴȡһġ
ı󣬳һԾ޴ѩĸڱϡ
ҶĽԼķԼı뵽Ǽܣ͵ǼܣٵÿһСλĹϣ޴˫Ҳ֮չһɣĶŷĹ룬ĸоԼʶƺҲ쵽ѩУΪһ塣

Ҷһ·ߴʮɡտʼɣλҡڲȶסڿеΣС׹䣬òײſסƽ⡣
˳Ľеķûκųͷشﲻĵط
аϲ
һûմȾκʿϢȻܹԼϢõںϡĹǼܣھԼϵĹһܹĿơ
ҶĬĬζշеĸоڵͿŸֻ趯򵥵ķжǰ·УȻǸһ裬ȻǸӸӵķжԲת䡢˲ͣٱ任ͬķٶȡı仯й켣
֣ڹ䷨Ķ٣˫ĴͷȣֱӾٶȺԡʹеı̫ķ
֪֮󣬼ٶǶߣ
Ҷ뵽߶Լķӿ˫֮Уֱӯÿһλͣ¡⼸ȫĶʮ֮һҡ
ţ˫һչ͵һġ
ۣ
գۼ䣬Ҷشԭʧţ˲Ƶʮ֮⡣
ڣΪ֮һա
Ҷһ𣬲㵱ˤµأʱڹ˷ƽסԼΡĿ¶֮ɫ⡭ʩչһϵԴϸȻܹʩչ
ҶشһӴȡ̡
ס̣Բ棬ʱȡʹáŵʿͦΪ롣

ƿ
ͷԶԶĶڰ̲һʯ£ʧϽסԼͣҷһþԶҶء
ȫסˣĿȫ𺳡
ϵ߽׵ſʩչƿֱƿ˲ƵǿľЩʵֻءľУҪʱ䣬˲ơ
Ȼи߽׷⻹ķϵѾ˸߽׶ĴڣȫԳ֮Ϊ׼ڸ߽͵ͽ׷֮䡣ҪǹȻԵǷϣֻʿķʿҲᡣ
ͷо̾ȵİûڡһмСҪ˵״ʦᶯģҲ֮ġûӶ֡СӵΪʵ͸߹ڻһ׼֣ǾԴ򲻹ġ
ǵ״ʦԳֲУʿԸһʿֵԼ״ʦһƷ֮¿϶ָһЩôˣʮƷʯٲ˵ġ
˷ܵóһŽɫʮﴫע뷨˵˼仰ҪѴȥȴͻȻסд͵̧ͷϿ

գһ޴Ӱӣͷϡ
ǸղôһСҶؾѾƿֱӳͷϿա
Ҷر۾ͷĽɫֽͷôãҪһֱϢţó⴫ȴ¶Ϣ
һţ͵سͷ˹ȥ
ͷ󾪣һ֮С
ҶһգַĶΧʮɵĵ档Ȼ£ֻʮԶѣڵ²زá
ȻһͷһͷӴʮԶ˳
Ǳˣɢ˵죡ҪǸҶңɢһ׷ɱ㵽סСԵǻȥͱɢ˵ˡ
ͷɫУʩչԵǿ񱼡еĽɫҲѾʱֶԵǼķŶȥ
ҶؿǵԵǷŶȥæʩչƿ˹ȥȴû׷ϡʱһܿͷͻԮɫʱһ䣬תͷͷ
һûԵǴȥ
һ˫˲ͷ澣ӣΪâ͵سͷȥ
ͷæԼһŻһƹ⣬һɫĻֽסγһ⵶һһɡûܵסӣȫϣһ½ƵĽʵʵڵϡ
ɱң˵ʲô˵Ҹ˭ʹɵģɱң
ͷסġҪȡʱ䣬ֻҪôһС򣬿״ʦյ֮ͻִСӣ
ˣ˭ʹ޹ؽҪ㲻һֱ֪ĹЧ𣿷⸽ҲҲޣһ̡Ҳ֪̣ʲôá
Ҷûгֳ̣һ˫׹ڵأе̣ͷĻϡ
һ˲䣬ͷĻϣĳϿӿڵķٵ̵ֱִϵ̵ķŴٵɢڿС
Ҷŷֱ֣ϵЩɢá
̶̵ļ֮䣬ͷȫѾһաûз֧ţԶ⡣ͷ澣һ飬ҽаİˣûܵסֻ𶾹ԵĲʹ
Ҷ漴̣侲Ŀ̣ɫ̣ѪȻѹǲǺɫ
һ˿
ԼҪʹһѻ澣Ƴһž޴ӴĻԼֻҪҧһڣֻ·Ҫһա
ͷϲŵʯƷѹ⡣
Ҷػһ˫ɵͿգһųԵǷŶȥֻʣһβ͵ĽɫԵǡҪô򱦷Ԯ߱տ׵ʿˡ
˵ز˾

ƿ
淽ҶѾʧ


128 
ѽʲôޣôˣһֵĴڵ޿ԻΪ𣿡
ףȥˣղŻڣһ¾Ͳˡ
ԵǸ㡢ĲʿżȻƼ˴ӵͿһʧӰĿ⾪Ŵָͣմ󺰴СǴûмֵġޡ
Էɵģɱ˷ޣǵƳɵġʶʿΪȻҡҡͷʿĹªţе޿κΡѧŵ㣬ɲֻеô򵥣ϡŹֵء
Ȼ˵ţĵȴͬĽĽܷͨʿеǽеļʿҲܹҪɱޣûô򵥡

ŹһС
һɫâԵǳʮ·ֻ̣СƬ֮һӶһ̲ϿաһɫĮɫݻƵİˣƮڵϣɳɫ޽СΪһɫСľϡ
˲ǱˣǱտ׵ʿ
ʿɨһܣδҶصӰɫˣͷĴ˵ǼķǷϵ߽׷ƿ
ƿȻǸƿĸ߽
һ뵽ʿֱţͨһ׵ĵͼ޲Ƴ฽еͽ׷͵ĿԸн׷߽׷Ǻеĺ
ʵϣ󲿷ֵʿҲֻн׷ѡǱʼɫ߽׷
Ǽƿ൱һ׼
ӵ߽ľϵĻϣֵһϵĸ߽ױȻֻһʿʹõֵȴͬһ㡣
ʿݺݵĶ˵ͷһۡ
ͷδֻҵĻ𶾣𶾳ԣѾǰ֮ˣ˶£ҲǸججķûйͷⶾ
ף
ʿͻȻͷϣһػ澣ľϵʿľϵֲʮС
ױ쾣ǻϵֱľֻڻĵطвſǳ
ƳɸĻͨĸҪǿϺܶࡣͷϵһ쾣֦̫٣һ£ܵõСƾ˿ѣá
ǸСʿϣȻвٺö
ʿŭһնڵϣͷֱɻҽѿһϰɵĽۼԲ֮漸Ϊ֮һ
еĴ糤С͵ķǣΪһ޴ɫɽһԾնУǰΧؽ磬ѰҶصټ
ȻԵΧæʱĵͽʿڶ࣬ȥѰһѾʧããȺʿ

Ǻáɾǣ̫ķˡ
ҶԵڵĽֵϣЦ
ŸղʩչοȴʹࡣԼΪһƷȷǷͬһǿһȱ㣬Ǿķٶ̫ˣ쵽Գܵĵز
һʿнʿָ߽ʩչƿ߽׷ŷоԼķǱϪˮһٱɡ
Ȼ֣Ҳֻƿ˲ԶѣԷӳ㹻ǿıá
ҶذҡͷԼΪ̫ˡ
ǰԵڳһâٵķ򱱷̲ϾɶݣǽԼһСĵĻһѵͽ׵ʿȺУŽԵڡ
˳ڣŰʿı޻ôҵԼңһɵʿͻԵͽҲҪ뿪Եǣ±ʿ鷳

ҶڽֵţͻȻоһӴѹԶһ̧ͷȥֻʮɫɽϿȷ򣬳ԵǷŶ
ʮ⣬Ե֮󣬲ŻԶԵ㳡ʮµʿϵģҲģɫվ֮ɢһƬɵĿط˸ҿ
ڹ㳡һʱ¼ֻҪɹʿǱš
ֻмҴҸԵɢ˻ӵʿ죬Ÿҹȥкɢ˵ʿʮʿǰ̬ʮǫ
Ե㳡һƬšǺܿ죬㳡
ţǹŵĳˡǰͽˣֵǿȥ
֪˭ˣռȫ˹ŵΪӡ
ǧʿ˷ӿԵ㳡ȥͽĳ档Ȼм󲿷֣ûκϣɡܿһۣһ񫣬Ҳв˿룬ԼһҪɡ
ҶͬΪܣϸʿҴҸ㳡Ⱥм䣬ԶԶĹۿͽɽλеһĴɣƼʢŵʿ֪
ÿֻʮŵӣԳƵǼ١
㳡ΧǧʿֻܸɵۣĽĿʮ˳˹ʿͶŵ¡
ҶصĿ겢ǹţ൤š

̶һ֮ڣɽߴɣʮСɣ׷׽Եǡ¼ӹ̣һʱ䣬Ϊֹδʱһֱˡ
൤ŵʮʿԵ֮󡣽ŹšţһϵľƳɵľΣ൤ŵ¼൤ߴλеǿûɸҸλá൤յĵӸһʮ
ֻһʿǰΪǰĵӵǼᡣ棬ʮ꣬ʿ̸
Ҷزδ̹ȥǵһ
̫籨ģע⣬ڹ㳡ΧǧʿĿע´ţʮֲܡ
ѾĵӶˣٹȥҲڳΪĿΨһĽ㡣
ֱʱ֮൤Ѿ¼˶ʮӣǰһݻĽʿ֮
ҶͻȻȺм˳ȥһ¼ӻȡһ׼ʮ൤ָҪϡݽȥ
ʱͻȻԶһȻǰ棬Ҷظóһһѵݵϣ֣ЦǸǼǵʿλ磬¼ģСǺġ
ҶرԱߣһ£û˵ʲôǴ󺺵ĺ档ǰһߺһ˵һ
ӣȴʱǴ󺺺ȳסڣ˭磿һΪģʦ塣ͬһΪĶʦֵܡ
ǣʦ壡
Ǵ󺺶ʱɵۣԴҲҶһ¡˵Ҳʮ꣬俴ȥʿҪЩΪΰʦ庰Ҳԩ
Ҷƽվں棬ϹһĨЦ
ǸǼʿǴ󺺵Ǽֵ֮ҶأҶذʮݶȥһһʮĽԼ
ⷽɲѺԼɶŵӵ϶˲鼫Ҫպ󱻲Ǳģûùӳԡ
˵װףû˿˵ĵطûҪࡣ
Ҷأƽɢޣɼ屳ʮ꣬Ϊ硭
ʿ̧ͷһҶأĲ죬֪жôĹŹ֡
Ҷ΢΢ЩϣӦûʲôⰡ൤Ҫ飬Ҳ鲻κ
ʿһ£ʿһΪҶصǼᣬҶعأΪڶʮ൤ŵĵӡ


129 ൤
СĹ൤Ѿ¼˰ҶڵĶʮŵӣʣļûʮʿֻܼԵ㳡ţûʿ
ʱʮոŵĵӣ緢ۼһ໥ݻк̸㳡ΧǳǧֻܵĽʿ˵㹻ɽ
Ҷص͵Ļм䣬ܿ췢һЩȵ顣
ʮ൤ŵУֱӷΪȦӡ
һȺʮϴмͼƱǵļʿ
ҶزʶЩͼƱǾ˶ǿƵɼ壬ư̬磬һӵģͷСǵĴŴ磬¡齣鵶һﶼǳ
ʮʿձ鶼ǳᣬʮ߰굽ʮ֮䣬ΪԼ㵽ڰ˲ҡЩʿۺļ֧ţ츳ҲʸΪɼģʮҵߣѡɵģ츳϶ȥ
һȺһɫڰ˲;Ųĸ߽ʿǵ·СıǣȻԵǵɢˡǵձϴ͵Ҳʮ꣬ߵʮ꣬һᣬֻ໥к˶ԼʿǲᡣȻЩʿҲǡ
СкʮģǱʶʮ㣬ֱӼ൤šҲɼСΪѾߴ߲㣬ŵӲмһˡƾǵʣһĿԳɹ
ҶضԱһԼЩʿĲ࣬ԽԵóĬ͵
㣬Ȼм͵һҸЩ˸롣Ǽʿ벻ЩʿȦӡҲɢ˵ˣ벻Ǽ߽ɢ޵Ȧӡ
һʿ񣬾Ǹ󺺣Ҳǹһɢޡ
ǴððʧʧĹȥЩʿкЩʿһͨ䳰ȷ
ѽλǻ콭ʦ𣿽Ͻ䡢ű֣ɽ磬ֻΪű֡λСʦܣҪǺˣ𷸻ҽд磡Źɲ˵Сʦܣģ֮ʦʦ㣬û˸۸㡣
һʮĽʿǴ󺺵ļЦ٩
ڼʿȻЦ
󺺲࣬ΨΨŵŵĴЩʿȦ˳ҲȥǼɢ˵ĸ߽ʿûȤ
ƼҶعһվţæ˹ЦݵѽֵܡʦܣղűʱԲסҼ൤ûʲôˣΪϱͽˣλáû뵽кüû¼һᡣǴӽԺͬʦֵܣûʲôġС¾ɢ˺ˡѽʦܺᰡѾΪˡ
Ҷؿһۣû
ǴĴȴ˿û⣬ʮ˷ܣò״һ˵ϻģвס˵һͨ
ԭ򱦣ԼɢޣʱϡͿʼɣ츳Ҳ㲻϶ãȴ֪ôĲ֪УʮѾ߲㣬㵽Եǡû壬ҲûмӹɢˡԵʱ䣬νϿðգ˲ٺöһֱšҲûԼܼɵģһԼȴⷢԼȻѾ൤Ҫʮݣϲ֮£ҴҸԵ㳡ñʱˡ
򱦳ֱ̾Լ˵ãͽ˹ʺˣʲô˳˳ˮɣʿƴɱˣȴ˳˳ġ⡱롣
ҶУЩԼ˵ģ֪ʲô·
ûλߺ˵ʦֵܴ򽻵λʦһ𣬺˶ĿŵĸߡˣǵԼùˡ

ܿ죬½˸൤ŵʮŵӣѾȫ롣൤ǰӭŵӵʿеӵǼϡ
Ǽʿʮʿ˵
λʦ֣¼ŵӣʮ൤ŵ뿪ʦ֮ڸĴУаɲ飬ûʲô⡣ʮ˳ɢˣҲԲ鵽ס
ֻ΢Щɡһ򱦣ʮ꣬޸ɢޣĴƮˣ׷ȥĸסһΪɵҶأ޸ɢޣҽʮ꣬㣬ռȫʮ꺱ݡ治֪ôġλʦ֣СܻɣҶǲɣǼԵף
ʮʿһߡЩȻʿְߵģȴǰߣһ
¼ӣһָ
ǰߣߣһ³ףЦʦܣˡ˭һԵףСӵΪҵǱֻĻʮã޷޷ӴɵκκĻܡСȻɣҲǸӵģء˭൤Եף˭ҪŰԵףҲѡһʺЩġ
ԵʿǰߣǵϣҶǡԵɺϵʿҲûСֻǣСʻ괬֣ʦ֣㿴ǲǽͨţŶ᣿һպ˲ʦҸǼᣬίʵ𡣡
֣߶ʱЩãɽɣĹأֻҪϵ񣬾¼ڡСӵһ㣬Ȼ񣬱Ǹ൤лԵûƵɡС˵͵Ϊ൤űǿûһҲаǧ൤ŷ첻ɡǲģ֮˶ϼӿܱǡʦܣҶؾͽȪ尲źˡ
֣߰鶨ˡ
ʿʱһûڣҪƵ֣ȴ˿ᡣʿ໥һۣĿ˸û˵ʲôЩֻ
ʣµĵӣҳǩɣ

Ƭ֮൤ʮʿÿ˸Ԧһɽ϶ŵ൤ӣڳǧʿľУڿն뿪ԵǣٷɹϿȵϿգããɽ
ɽԲԭʼ֣ɽ룬ֺϿȣһƬĵûκ׹ҴڣҲûзִܹ
Ҳ׷˴˵е˾ס֮أҪִĵطʵֻһƬ쳣Ũĵط޺Уֻطռ˶ѡ
ߴɣʮСɽţƬɽ㡣
һʮ죬ɽ;ϢΣɱ˼ͷС޹ŵִ൤ŵĸ൤ɽ
Ҷڴڼ䣬ҲЩڡʦǡĿУ˽˲ٵ
൤ʷƾõͳ֮һɴꡣԵΪ֮֮׵ɡ
൤ɽһ塰൤塱塰塢ɽ塭Ȫ塣
壬Ҫʿľס֮ء
ܱдСɽ֮࣬Ϊʿ;ס֮أռԼǧ֮㡣Ȼǧɽ˵ʵԵ΢֮Զռһ̣ȻżгͻǴϾˮˮ
ʮâ൤ɽ֮󣬸Էɢ
ԵʿԦŷɽɫĿԵγˮҶء򱦵ŵĵӣٷȪ塣
Ǹµ֣һڰҶظȪ¡߷ǩѡĵӣֳ鵽򱦵ǱʽϲĵӡȪѡӣûѡһǱʺЩģ⼸һΡ
Ҷء򱦵Ȼоʲô飬ǶһԲʱλͷϵʦ塣


130 ʯΣ
ʦҶء򱦵ǰȪʱ൤ŷһС顣ӰԶҶصȸŵĵӣԴȴһ֪
൤ɽ壬ϽǰʮһɫֳַڵӣɫҴǰһſӵվȡ
ǰһһھ޴Ĺͭӡͭׯ£ŵϹ֣߲ͭ½룬ȻԶ
һϵʿײľˡˡˣ졣ͳ̶ȴ೤ԶԶĴȻǧ֮ңҲš
Ρɽ֮䣬ڵ㵵̧ͷ׷ʲôˡͭӣֻʱ򣬻Ƿµʱ򣬲Ż졣
죬ټ߷šǰȥ¡
ܿ죬ճָɫâ嶼ʿԦƮϽǰǵķδвͬߣ꣬ŮӣǶ£Ųͬıʶ
൤ţ۵ӣΪͨӣһӻǳеںĵӣͨǰĳλʦ£ΪҵӡǱ޵ӣƽʱžޣֻкɷͻʱŻڹߣճȼɭϣǷϱһĿȻ
Щǰʿķ൤һţ塣ķʵҲ൤ŵĸ
λڵǰ໥к֪Ϊټǣɫƣ̤Ͻ֮ڡվڴǰڵӣ׷ʩӭ
ڡ
൤Ѿɫµűϣüͷƺڳ˼ʲôλ֮ڣֻ׵ͷδ˿ʾ
һʿվԱߣλʩ
λ¶Ŀ⣬ʦһȫִܹһɴɣƽڸϵ֮Ĺϵ֮λȻй֮
Ǻټࡣɫƺ˽˵鷳
漴ڵั֮ϣͷ¡
ӣվڵţδǲ̤൤Ͻ
ڣء
ãվ̧ͷŸʵĴ̾һɨһλټλʦʦǰһҪ£Ҫʦʦ֪һ¡
ǰЩ˱ŽʯĿֱӪɽ󶴵ʯ˽һɶࡣҪ֪Ӫɽ󶴵ʯƷʺͲһȶ·ǳΡСʦȥһ¡
ָָԱվŵλʿŵʦܽ뱱Ӫɽʯȫ泹飬ֿ󶴼ڿգʯʣ޶ࡣʦܳԹһ£ʣֻˣÿ궼ֱĽΪֹ
ʲôڿһ󶴣Ӫɽ󶴵ʯڿˣⱱӪɽ󶴴һͿôôͱڿգʦܣĲ̽ǧȷʱ¹شɾ⡣һã൤Ĵҡ
ڸǷ׷¶֮ɫ
Ҳܹǻ˾
Ӫɽ󶴾൤ԼжǧԶ൤Ŀǰڿɵʯ֮һѾ֮áɵڳλš궼
֮ǰ൤ҲвٵС󶴱ڿգȴٿǹӪɽ󶴻Ϳ󶴣Ҳбڿյ顣ȻţҲΪʯͻȻӪɽ󶴼飬æһڵǰ̽
ǽʿ࣬ģ̽鵽û˿ĲڱӪɽڴʮգϸÿһʯŨ̶ȣ׼ȷĹ⡣
Ű˰֣˰ҡͷЦ
൤ʿ٣ڵӰǧÿƷʯһǧ飬ƷʯǸߴʮ顣ӪɽֻһͿ󶴣Ѿ֮ãʵڵڣҲൽ˱ٺĽߵʱˡǰЩԼעĻӦþͷʦܵ̽飬ֻӡ֤ʵ¶ѡΪشҲλǰӦ֮ߡλʦʦãǶԴкθ߼
ֻƷʯƷʯȴ˿ûƷʯڸǶԴ֪Ҳ˿ᡣƷʯ൤żᵤʸõƷ˭涯˼
ϱһߣ൤Ŀǰ󶴣Ӫɽ༸СͿ󶴡Ӫɽ󶴵ʯڿˣ̱һĳ㡣δ֮ڣɵʯӦšҪ²С
λ˵һҪȴ˿ûἰӦ֮ߣʲôû˵
ڸǣ׷׵ͷʾͬڻõС󶴿ã㱱Ӫɽ󶴿ˣ֮ҲʯáǱ뾡ѰҶԲ߲Сʮ־ȡ
ȻǵҲóġ
취ôкܶࡣǲ֪һʺϡŵӵļȥˣĵʯȻҲ١
ɫһ̵УѾÿֻ¼ʮӵˮƽҪȥֻ꣬൤Ҳˡ
޷ĻôֻܼÿλӵʯӦÿÿ¼ôһ飬ȱֲϡҲӦ֮ߣȥŵΣ󡣡
ڸһۣаͷȴ˿ûбʾ취ǿУǿ϶ڵӵļҿ顣˭ȥ飿
ȲˣҲʯӦôѵİ취ȥѰµĿԴµĿ󶴣ά൤ŵӵʯӦԲǧ֮ڣʯʮ֮ɽ㼯жƷʸߡʮ֮һϿȣϿǰѾڿաʮ֮ɢֲɽΧټƵĹңƷʲԼпáɽĿԴΪḻҪɵӣȥѰǡ
̱кüҡͷ
ҪɽҵµʯԴ̸ףɽЩ׿ɵʯ󶴣϶ѾҳˣɸϷһաеĿأܴһֶѾڿա
һλһ£СĵǻмأһҪȲѵĻ
ŶȻУسشΣֻǧ֮󣬱Ҫ֮ûλʦͬ⣬˭Ҳܶⴢء˭ȥλʦ˵ôأ
Ǹһһͷûٿ
൤ŻоλᵤʿڸչǱޣٳءش飬ǲ׾⼸λʦ塣ôص飬ϵ൤ŵĸʦ϶ͬ⣬޹ա
ȻڸԸַ顣
Σʲô취ϵ൤ŵδûʸʦɣʸʦݳһιأڻδϢ״̬ڣ˼һ¡
ֻʦˡ
ڸ໥һۣͷͬ⡣
ŴͷϽĺ棬һϡ
棬һشĳڽţ¡¡Ŀ
ǴϽڵ룬ϴţͨǧ֮£൤ĸһܵչҡ
ȡһŴڱչұչصĻʸʦ壬š
ֻܽȴ
˲ãһâӱչǰһɳϵ𣺡󶴲ɶá
ڸʸʦһ仰Ͱ»ˡ
˵⣬ԼС
żʸʦȻûȴȥȴѾеס˼һ£ɫµĳλʸʦȻѾҵҲֻѭڣŰ䲼ڵӵʯάֲ䡣۵ӵһɵɵʯигɹںĵʹá
⣬Ӫɽ󶴵飬ϼӱܣκй©֪еıӪɽʯ󶴺Ľߣضû̧ļ۸񣬸ǳش
˵֮øִС
οʯԴڸ˵һ⡣Ҳܹһ׽ġ취


131 Ȫ
ϽźλΪӪɽʯ󶴼ݽһ£ѵʱͨڵæµԼ飬˥Ĵ£ǲҪȥĵġ
Ȫ壬൤ɽ֮һ
ɽߴǧɣǰѩɽٳһƬƽأ˽ȺĹ¥ɽطҲ¥ڶ࣬ɽ¥̨֮䣬νӣʱɼʿڵͿշС⣬ȪĺɽһϪٲɽ£ɽƺİƣˡ
ԵʿҶصӣȪĴǰһƬ㳡˷Ҳ˵ʲôȥ
˴æϡ
Ҷ棬
ϸʱ򣬻Ƭ¥жô󡣵ƬĹ¥ǰ֮˸оһֻһãȻ޷ֱ淽
Ҷ𾪡ȪĹȺĹģͱԵǴ౶Ҫ˵൤ˡȪǸ̲ϵԵǸ౶
ʦ壡
㳡ƽʱ˲࣬µӺţǼˣæӭʿʩ
ʦһ⼸ģǴĴתתȻҶء򱦵ոŵĵӣ½ӣԹԵĽ˴
Ǽ½Ӱզ࣬໥ʵʦƢһͦõģôôô󣿡
һ˭·ۿԶҶһ
½ӴҶء򱦵˵Ϊһ£ʱʧҡͷ
ûеõһ츳ɫģȥ껹˼֣ѹʦƢô
½Ҳÿ˴һŵӣͷȥϤȪĻ
һ߸ݵʦָ֣һҶأ㣬ɣҴȥתһתҽʦ־ˡ
ҽҶأʦֶָ̣
Ҷһ£̸λʦ֡
ʦһţʮ̸ָֽ൤ɽ壬൤ţδرǿҪ˵طȴռıˡ൤ɽɽŨһط֮УƮɢŵֱأʺֲݡ൤һȺʦִͣƬ֮￪ԣֲݣΪ൤ɽԴ˵Ϊһһմɣ֮á
൤ɽ߷壬ÿ嶼вͬص㡣Ȫ壬ĺôɽһٲȪȪˮ̺ЩݣʺϲˡҲвٵĺôպͻ˽⡣ɽɣûһܱȵ൤Ÿʺֲݡ
ҶƲסϲ
ΪŨΪȪϣ洦Լֲҩԣ¥֮Ŀеϣ˳˴һЩδҩ
Ȫ壬ֱһҩԷ洦ɼҩ
ʦ֣ҶزסϲĴܣΪΪⱦضϲʱЦҶصļ
ҶʦܣȪͱˣȫλʦʦǾסֲݵĵطмºĵҲֲҩڵӣûʲôɽģڸİɽЩطҪܶࡣ
УеĲҩԶ󷨻ţɱȥݣһͻᴥơҪץס˶Ȳ㡣ɣȥơ
ʦ̤ʯ̨ף˹
ҶЦЦҲδ˵ʲô
ǰ޴ʯмͷ͸ߴıӱ˨İϢ͵سҶȥ˻˼
Ҷһæ⼸ͷ鱪˵ҲףȵھŲʿɰһצ
⼸ͷ鱪˶ɫ˩ţѣ޷Ҷءǵצӣȴһצۡ
ǰ棬һǼͷӣǻɽĻ鱪ɽŵģҪǡϤϢ´ξͲҽˡ
ҶСĵıܿǡһ˿ĽѱޣǰԵżôͷޣ˵ҳ϶ȼߣһѱѣԵʱֺηɡɼ壬ѱޣΪŻɽ֮áҪޣķѾ޴󣬿ɲס
Ҷأ˴̨סȪȪͨҪĵطֻʿʸȥµʿǲܽȥġ
ƹǰ
ഫϺʦָ֣ĵáûµʱ򣬻ʦдһ·ҪôʦֳʱרָĻҪʯ
ȫ鼮ǰʦ׫д鼮༫ࡣռҲ١鼮Ҫʯ
Ǹ䷽Ǳʦ塢ʦƵģۡ
иָ鵤еҩƵ䷽ָȵȡҪʯ򡣡
޵ȫѵޡ޻⡣ڵӻУݣڸ֮ߡü۸ǳ
ﴦ񡣡
ȪĲܶ࣬вְͬܺáִµӣ𿴹ܡҶأһһݼִ£ʦ塢ʦԼһЩڲȵʦ֡
ŵгЩæۻһڶĹ֮תһȦԵ˵˸á
ˣҶػǿණ
дĹššš鼮вٵۣ䷽ĸߣдõԭϡ
¥ϹʲôƣѾָãܷŵĵϤ
Ҷؿ䷽Щȣ൤ţҲ
⵱Ȼˡеɣֻ֮ǲزͬѡ൤Ҳв֣൤ҪľͻľϵϵΪ͵ټˡ
Цŵ
ѹӦʯҶʦҪмĲĻֱʯ鵤ڵ鵤ƷʸߣҽΪˡҪûĻֻͨΪɸۣʯˡ
ҿҶʦܣƺҲǳˣҪܹôȥûΪɸۣÿ¶ٵʯ
ʵǴʿҲӻҪʯ鵤ϧ۵ġѡһڵʿȻǴɼҲƲ֮ǵÿԼŬСҶʦܻᣬŬһѣ˵Ļᡣ
ҶصЦλʦֻ֣Ҳһͨɢ޳֮䲻ԾĶЩʮֻӻļʿƲ
൤Ҫõĸӣڵ鵤䷽Լ⼸ȱġĽ¶ֻʺһ㣬ڵΪ˵Ѿǹʱˡ
һʿ൤żǵ׵ΪҲ͵ʿӣע»䷽ݵӣΪȥǵ֮
Ҷûڲȵط࿴ֻǽЩ鵤䷽λã
а۵ִ¡
ָ˲ԶһͻȻѹȡҲŵȻʦƹܣƽʱδػڣԶһЩʦڸʦһƷʯʦȻ㰲Ǯһɵĺòʦֵ֪֮Уùµʦ֡
лʦѣ
ҶЦЦ
ЦţֱҶصľߣСǮܻǮҶش˲ٵƵġŵء󣬲ŴҶ


132 ݣ
˰ճ֮⣬һҪãǾǰŵӵס
סȻĵط൤ŵӵסֲԵĵطͨͬһطȪΧĴССɽŨ̶ԵĲ죬ֱӽǣЩɽͷֵЧȫһ
ҶؽʮִµӡֱӴҵһֵʦ֣Ҷذסĵط
λʦ֣ʦûʲôǮֻóƷʯǿŰɣ΢һ¾С
Ҷء¶һЦӻó˶ƷʯѾʾһͨҪԼŨɽͷϾסһʲƵʯСûдóʯ˵ڲûжʯУҲñ֪ԼǮƣñʱ̸šһʿɽ˵ĵǡóʯȲλʦ֣ҲñǸϡ
ʦ֣ҶֻТ˶ʯʱЩʧ
ȪΧŨɽ𣬶ҪҪһ΢ϵεľס֮أ˵øʮʯСҪõģĴҪߡƷʯﹻ
ֺʦ֣ҡҡͷһʿûʲôͷΣҲû뵽λҶʦ׷СĿࡣ
ҶؼȻ˶ʯǮҲǮ
λʦֽһȪɽͼע뷨һСõȪɽγҶصǰõͼʮֵı棬Ȫɽ
һطɣкɫĶռˣɫĵطû˾סĵط⸱ĵطȫϡľס֮ءҶظ˶ʯΨһõĺôǣԴЩطѡһס
Ҷؿ˵ͼһС֣мɽϣ鼸ȫǺ㡣еɽȴ㡣ɽ𣬼ȫǰɫ
طɣ
ָһȫǰɫСɽ˵
ʦɿڵͼһ㣬ϾסߵǸ㷽Բһ֮ڣڿʼҶؾסˡ
ҶϤźס֮󣬴ҴȥæԼˡҶʦܣæ׼֮СȣͲʦˡҲϤʣµԼȥɡ
лʦ㡣
Ҷʮָлλʦ㻨Сʱ䣬˸Ĵ޾ϸģǺܸм
ɫһ죬ֵҲΪÿ궼һΣһʯأǸСȱʲô⣬ҡֻް֮ڡ˰£ҾûʱˣҪȫ׼׵Сˡ
ҾͲʦˡ
Ҷع֣ɻˣСʲô
ʦֺٺЦСȡȣ൤¡صʢᡣ൤ÿһСȣƴֲǧӶʸμӡ
ÿһδȣڵӲʸμӡ
СȵǰһݽĶۺ죬Щڵӵǰ;ȫСˡʦҲμӵֲıԣʱҪʦ
ʱûμСˡ׾Сȣһµʱ䣬׼Ҳ֮ǡǴȣʿʸμӡ֮󣬲ŻٶȽСȡҲã֮ҲֳٵʸμСȡ
ʦֽһ£ܿȥ

ҶȪ޵һͷ˳ѱ˫ͷӥɵ˾ȪһСɽûСɽɽʮɸߣ߰﷽Բɽϳ˳Ƭɫ֣ÿһöֱô׳˲֪ǧ꣬͡
Ҷشӥ£Լɻ޵ȥ
һװŸͷͷȹߣɽİɽѰһ΢ƽ̹ĵط׼￳֣һݡ
ȴƬֳļӲͷȻһͷȥһײĻ
ҶشһһƷ齣óĽ齣䷨һȥҲֻǿЩӲӵ֮һѡ
˺üĹ򣬲ſٸӣ֦ҶЩӴһªݡǰֵĵطһСƬԣֲݡ
Ҷ۵ľƣ˺ü¸ǺõСݣ˳ɾ͸С
ѡɽסΪûκͬŵɽϾס֮û൤ŵĵӾסȻΪɽϡֲݺܲ
ûȥλʦֵǸ㵵ɫ
ŨĺõطͱͬʦռϷˡʣµĵطͨŨಢ̫󡣺ͱ˵ͬŹһɽ𣬷ڡɴҸĵط˲
ҶԳЦЦԼռɽû˸ţԾǱޡƬʲʺֲݣ˵ʲôϵ
ѡط֮ȥȪСУһʯ˸ͷͷߵߣֻһСһЩҩӡжʮӣܱˣŻʯ
Сڴ㳡ȪĵԼģƷ
ҪƷ֮
ҶرȪ޵һͷݣֱӷɵɽСɽͷ˼칤һСݡҿʼԣֲݡ
ʦֵ˵൤ÿ֮󣬶һءԺ൤ŵĵӷ˾ס֮Ժʮ꣬ҪͿһĶֵˡ
ʯȫֳݡ
һЩӣ˴ƬƬĲҩԣƽʱרչЩԣԼֲȻԼֲĸȥȡʯ鵤ƷִƬҩɲ׵飬ÿȪˮݣ۵ĹǺ
һЩӲֲͨרŶԼ鵤ȥݡ
ȻмֲЩ츳ʲɴȲֲҲǵһЩֲݵĵչ۵ݣĵӡ
Ͼڵǧܶ˶ֲϣϻ˼ɴཻЩ˵ȥ
֡͡ӣȻżҲͨЩǮɵǰ;ȴǿǡûֲȷһ֮Ǻ;Զġ
Ҷǰԣ˼ӣϴȪɽȪ֮ˮ
ԵĽǣһ۵С죬޵ı󷨣ñ޳ӡ⼸СϢǳֻСáڣ൤ɽǧ֮ڣͱǰʿɾ޳ûҲõݻᱻ޳Ե
ȹ꣬ʮ꣬ݽ֮󣬲Ҫ޳û
󲿷ֵݣҪһ꣬꣬ʮ꣬ЩҪꡢǧܳ졣ԽߣҩЧԽǿȻԽֵǮ
൤ţԽʿζԽвЩһʿǴһžͿʼֲݣдѵϰҩҩǳֵǮ
ŵʿݵ֮Ҫĵȴǳ죬ాʮгͷĻᡣ
ҶȻҪֲҩڼȻѾ൤ţһͨӦ飬ҪУñ޶ɡ
һɽϿ֣ѳüĶصԣӡȪࡣЩӷѿɳ֮˦ֲˡ
еʱȥһ۵ݵֲ鼮
Ϊͨµӣָʦƽʱޣɲֻгɫ߲ŻᱻĳЩڵʦʦΪͽܣΪµӣܵӣרŵ
Ҷһ˵͵Ǳ޵ĵӣǺѽĳλʦʦķۡ

ʦ֣żϵ֮һգҶæɽϿֵءͻȻһɫĴ
ҶʦܣʦɵȥԵǵ⡣ôҲʲô⡣ҶʦܣǲʲôطðʦˣλʦǴʿЩɢƲʦֵһʦҲܿ㱻ʦץסѱ㾡ЩŪʦץκΰѱУ൤ɽͷϵ临ӣϵ֮䶷ǧκϽȥʦɽϴʮ꣬ҲûŪŵЩû˳ɢޣҪŲУҪᶨ˶ǿ־ͺáʦ⼸ºæͲˣһԼСġ
ҶصõƣЩΡ
ʲôطʦ塭ǸŵʱƿǸɢޣҪʮϡݸˣЩ·
ʦüʱĻ֪ʦڲԼĵϸСĽһЩǡ
Ҷ˼һ¡
ϻдԵǴʮƷʯ㹻ϸֲüˡĲ㵽ר鵤䷽鵤ҪζݡһҶݡ֥ݡƲݡӣҲȪĵСϹ򵽡
Ȫ帽СɽɽԽڱչأͭɰ¯е鵤ԼãһҲȥϾһʿݣƳ鵤ȥЩз硣ȷͷ취ŪЩʯҲ١


133 ȡ
ɽڡ
ϣҶرĿȫתʮȦչһڵ˫Ŀ
Сʱɽյġ
Ҷչվ߳ݡ⣬ƺԵĸоеһ˿˿Ѿ䵽⣬ʱԿּԾ˸оˬϲ
൤ţת֮ѾСʱȥˣδκδ飬ʮƽжɹ
Сµʱ䣬ǰϤ֮£ʮѾʼѿҪȵǳʹã֪Ҫ϶ꡣ
ڵͨӣȻѾԵɢҪ࣬ŨıؿֲҩʦŵӦͱԷĺʦʦֵܽд衣ҪгɣͬҪڷСɣ֪жʿĵȴͷ
ҶؿЦҡҡͷаĸ۵ģһʳȻصڣʼյ
õĻĳͭɰ¯¯Ϻܳһεʱ䡣¯׼֡һճɵ̼
Լʩչ
̿ЧȼȲҪһʱһ¯鵤Ļһʱ¯鵤Լ൱ʱ䡣
ʱ򣬱뼯ʶΪ¯ṩȶĻ档Զƻϵ̶ȡֶƵķ൤ŵĵʮС򴫹ʦ̹ѧϰοС
Ψһȱǣܿͻѷľʱ䲢ÿһ֮ճ̼鵤

ͭɰ¯úá
Ҷشϸڣһ֥ȡΪҩһЩСݸҩ˫ķһ꣬ĥϸȵķĩ֭ҺͶͭɰ¯У峺Ȫˮ
ҶͷųһöĴָСĻ򣬿ţʹƮͭɰ¯֮Ѹٽͭɰ¯պ졣ʶĸŻ¶ȣ
ͷףҪõĿͬСȴǼѵ顣
ҶػͷԼķע֮С
һʱ֮
ۡ
ͭɰ¯ڵͻȻ¯صһŨҵĽζ
ʧܡ
Ҷڸе¶ȣһ£üͷ΢壬һӣһɴƽض𣬽ڵĽζȫߡ
¯ڵķϵϴɾ
ٴδϸȡһݲҩΪĩһȪˮͶ¯ڡ
һ֮
ۡ
һŨð˳ٴʧܡ

ֵ̫Ķ𣬴£ɫȥʱ
ڡ
Ҷ¯ŽƳɹЩζ
һ˶ʮ¯ɹĽֻж¯ʮ֮һҡʣҪȽ¶ʮ֮ҵĳʵ˺ܶࡣ
ҲϾ¶ˣ۾ƳŸտʼѣϤҩԣʿ϶Ƚһ롣ټƷҪȽ¶һףѶȱһ鵤
ʿƺͷõһ鵤ֱʺڳסнסڸ߽ʹá
ǵƷʵ㲻ܺãֻ˵ͨ
ҶǰʹõĽ¶ͬһ鵤һȴԵֵҩЧ
ǣ鵤ݣʺϴģֲֻҪ΢Щǲ¶ô󡱣΢
൤ŵȻ෱ĸݣҲиֶŵ䷽ڵ鵤鵤鵤ӡ䷽Ȫ弯ϵĵֻ̯ҪһʯܹŪ֡
ȻǹӺ䷽Լ
ǣһǣϸֲ֥ݣĵƷʯǳ졣һƷʯֲֻʮ֥ݣʮ¯
ĳʣֻʮ֮һҡҲ˵һƷʯܳһʱڣҲֻߵʮ֮ңˡ
ÿԷͨ鵤ҩȫΪԼΪʵ
ʯĺķٶȣ൱ľˡһƷʯСѾȥʮʯľʯùˡ
ҶؿЦһ£ԭƫƧɽȵĴһʱ䡣ЩĵԼˣԼźóȥ
ڿò취ôȥŪһЩʯҪ٣ÿ飬һҪʮƷʯ
Ҷϸĥһ¡ĵģ޷Ȫʦ塣򱦡ȼ΢һˡͬŵӣȻǼҲδػϼۡ
鵤ʯǮһ취ֻǣ鵤飬һεҲˣҪ˲²ⷴǹ¡
ʯİ취кܶ࣬ҲһҪ鵤С
ƺвٵԸɡ񣬻԰ʱŪһʯá

գ峿
Ҷ뿪ɽȪɱȥ
һʱ֮Ȫ
Ȫ壬Ҳε顣Ȫķݣֻܴ嵥򽫵͵Χĸطȥȴܷ͡ɽȪҲһʱ͵͵ϰˡ
һ·ϣ·ٵɽͷ൤ڵӺųưǧ֮ڣǧڵӷɢǧ﷽ԲСɽͷϣÿһɽͷϵĵʵҲࡣŨСɽͷҲǽӹϷˡɽͷٵҲһʮˡû˵ɽͷҲв١
ɽͷطѳԣϸɫϵݣ඼δġżܿһЩڷܵµӣѾˮɽͷϽˡ
ҶҲ࿴˽ȥڵһ䡰񡱵ִʦֹ֣Ҫȡ
ļλִʦ֣һۣλִ°Ľ
ִʦɫ࣬Ҷһ£¶ֲĿ⡣Ͼʿ൤ڻǺټе񲾲ᣬĮλСʦܣڶࡣҿŰ㰲һɣ˵ţ۾ȴҶء
λʦ֣ҿһ񣬸ʯ
ҶЦЦֵһʯŴִ£˹ȥ
ʦͽﲻܴʦСʦ֣ĻЦģûһʯ飬ТТǾ͵αЩʦָӰɡ
ִʦֲɫһǽһʯյĲˣŰ¶һ˿Ц⡣
۵İţͬھס֮صİš
ŵӵľס֮ذһΣͲٱ䶯ˣǳΪʿŻǨȥԡТЩʮƷʯܰһ΢һλã顣
۾䶯߼¾ܰһΡТһʯϷǳˣȫһõۡ
ִʦзǳ⣬˵ࡣ
λСʦһ֮ԼѡһʺϵҲǿԵġ˾Ժ񣬾͵ɣҰ㰲šǮǮʦֱˡҪȡһ񣿡
Ǯʦ֡ҸŲãЩ̫Ϥʦֶͽ̡ʦȡܶһЩʯԽԽá
Ҷع˵
Ǯʦһ£ʯճ۵ȷв٣õһǰʦտԡвٵʦ嶼ǱޣûʱȥտݣҪ˴ΪϡܸߣտĺõĻܵõôһݽ͡ЩʦԿˣͬȥչˣſȡۡʦܣҰܸλʦ壬㿴ôɺˣ˵ܵõʦʶ
ҶæҡͷЩʦʦһ۽𾦣ԼΪһ۾ܿǣܿأԸǽӽ˵ЩʦʦȻȽĸߣȴ󲿷ֶڵ鵤ڵʹõġֻܸɿһѸ߽׵ݣԼȴòϡδҲĥˡ
ҪھŲΪڲԶĻЩڵʦʦտҩ԰ӣһ÷ʲ¡ֵǮʡˡ
Ҷذ룬ЦҸʦǲ죬ǻһ۰ɡ
ʦЩʦʦɣʦҵҲûٵĹҪϤͻ֪ʵЩʦ󶼳չأٳֻҪǵչ˺ˣǾΪ㡣
ǮʦּҶؼֲȥҲǿѣ
ðɡôҲв٣ҪǴӡǰȪȪˮǰɽһ͵ĳĳȥԼͥ󷹡ˮ֮ࡣЩҽʦܲȥǡǮ٣أСֻЩʵڻ첻ȥʿŻȥִֻ
ҶЦֻҪҪʯģǮʦְϸҡ
ǮʦЩ죬һ£
ҿһɡѲɽۣÿǰ˴൤ɽǧ֮ڵޡŷݵɣܣһвԡ뻹ߵģɱ޹Լ
Ŷ»мǮۣˡ
൤кü󶴣ÿ󶴶ȱʮڿĿ󹤡ˣ볣ɿһֱпȱвˡܸߣÿһʯߵһ


134 Ӫɽ
൤ŵĿڿÿһʯ۵ĽȻôߡҶؾ棬ѯʵǮʦ֣Щ󶴶һЩʲô󣿡
ôֺܶ࣬൤ŲܶĿʯ
ſ󶴣Ʒ׵ɰƷõĲϡ
̺󶴣һˮʯˮʯɰȼֲϣҪˮϵҪˮϵʿȥײɿ󡣡
ǧ󶴣ҫңһϵϡ
¿󶴣ڵͱ֮ϣڽϵĲϡ
ɳ󶴣ɰ󡢳ͭϵĲϡ
Щǿɰʯϣġ
Ǯʦַ۲ᣬһһܵЩССĿ󶴣廨ţҪһһܷʱ䡣ֻһС˵
⣬бӪɽ󶴣רڿʯ൤ĿǰʯԴҪǱӪɽ󶴣ԼСʯڳⱱӪɽ󶴣ڶǧ֮⣬ЩԶ
Ҷ˺ðΣͻȻһƲסЦ嶯ͨĿû⣬ʯ󶴡ôҲû뵽Ȼʯۡ
ٲΪÿĿƷʯĿĶ
ңⱱӪɽ󶴣൤еԶյĿϸ꣬൤Ҳûмǵ˭ˣֱΪۡͲ˭һڿ󶴵صµС󹤡
Ҷسһ£ָǮʦֵ۲ᣬЦǮʦ֣ͰҰڿ۰ɡʯţմЩ洦ҾȥӪɽʯˡ
Ǯʦֲ죬ѵʦܣľȥڿɲһ۰ڿţʮҲδػһˡһ׵У뱾ЩԶ޷ԼŵҩǰҲһЩŵʦܿʯۣȥ֮˼˦ֲˡԱڿ۵ȱһֱܴ΢ЩµʦֵܶԸȥԸԼľס֮Ѹԣֲҩʵʦʮ߰㿴Ҳ̫ȻԶȲЩʼߵʿǱЩ޶۵ʿǿϺܶࡣֲݣʮҲСɡ
Ҷ¶һࡱЦڿԱ˻ᵢ飬Ƕ˵ȴǾԲ顣ʵ벻൤ڻĸطʯ󶴣Ϊĸ졣
ǮʦֵĿȰҡҡͷ˵Ǯʦ֣ʦֲ츳ܲֳݶǰģҩЧ͡ҲЩڿóͣȥ鵤ԼȥҪһЩ൤ڣʦǺгͷ֮գֻҪڿʯЩЩҲɡ
Ǯʦ΢΢Щȡ
ãʦ־СܳԵ˿࣬ҲȰˣǾͰȥӪɽ󶴰ɡʵסұǣ´ʦٰ㻻һõĲ¡
ǮʦְҶصǼ꣬һЩҪע顣
ҶشλǮʦֵУһ鱱Ӫɽ󶴵ͭơƣſȥӪɽ󶴱ˣҪơ
Ҷ뿪׼һǰӪɽ󶴣ҪЯƷȥ˱Ӫɽ֮󣬲ܾ൤
ͭɰ鵤¯Щ϶Ҫȥġ⣬ҪһЩʺнס߽ʿõ鵤ӣص䷽ȵȡ
׼һЩû
ɽǰǼĶԣСµĲҩӡɣϣʱѾЩݵҩˡ

ʱ൤ɽ壬Ϊн׵СȣֻһңһȵСȣ൤źʢᣬ˰ǧڵӵļ顣ڶǱ޵ڸ߽׵ӣ׷׳أʼ׼Сȡ൤Ÿ壬Ҳʿ
ֲ൤Сȵݡ
ûʲôƣֻҪڵӶԲμӡֻҪǰһӮýܹӡ
ҪúõΣȴסֲ˵һ˵ԼֲСҪóԼֲɸ峤һͬ
óݵƷԽߡƷԽáԽ࣬ۺЩԽǰȻЩԽõġʸʿռơ
Ϊ˱ֳѹ֣൤һ涨ɹǰһĵӣóȫչС
һЩʸʿ´Ҫٴνֻ¿ʼֲˣ޷ѹƺ֡
൱ЩʿҵȥȡСȡֲĿĽˣμֲСȵʿ֮͡Ǻ޲ðԼݶͳҲҪǰһǼƷ
ֲııԣӼҺͻ𱬡
ֲıԣҪµĻۡ
ıԣǷⷽ츳츳ߵʿ̶̼꣬ܳԽЩͨʿָ߽׵鵤ԣڳϵĵල֮£Ƴ޷١
ıԣھŲʿᡣ
ߵھŲ֮󣬱һƿôޣΪиʿ֮󣬶ᱻƿס
ΪͬǾŲ£ҪȡúõΣһӵежǿ˵ˣƴ൤Ųۺʿ쳣ҡ
Сȹȡǰһ轱
ݽԵǵɢۺΪǡͻƿǿ鵤鵤һɵĻᣬܹɹͻƣԾԪӴ̤ɴ

ⳡСȻ¡ʢȴûҶʲô顣Ųõʿֻпֵķݡ뿪֮ǰҶؽӵһʦСȵʱȥ׳ƣҽһЩͬɢ޳ĸ߽ʦָʶ
Ҷؿһ£ڸոҵһǰ;ڿĻⳡСȵֲҲաһֱչмӵʦ֣һǰȥڿʦٸʦֵء
׼ȫҶأȪ޵һͷݣڿն𣬷ǧ֮ıӪɽ
Ѿȥѯʹʦ֣ⱱӪɽЩ˽⡣
Ӫɽ൤ɽԽǧ﷽Բɽ˵ʵԶҲСľ롣
ʿԼʮھŲʿճѲߡɳʯÿնһڵʦʦ൤ɽڱӪɽڻ
ʯͨÿһ˵֮أص㡣
൤ڱӪɽﲿʵߣҪǷ޴ڣԼֵܳСɵ˶ѡ
ûĸ͵ϮⱱӪɽ
ϾⱱӪɽ൤ɽĸ֮ڱдȺʿɱȻ˭ͻϮʯ󶴣Ҳ߶ʯɧһնգ൤𲻵κãֻᱩ¶൤ŵĵ⡣


135 󶴼๤
ɽ൤ɽԶǧﴦһɽɽ¡
ౡ
ӥһУһգɽµһ׵С档ҶشӴıһǰ徲С塣
ǱӪɽǰһӣ
ʲôˣ
ĺӴ¥̨һɫӰһԾ£գۼѾҶصǰվ
һɫʿȫ׽ɫףһ߽齣ھŲ㣬ӥǣһ˫Ϭ۾εĶҶϣڴϸһ
Ҷضʱеһľ޴ѹ΢΢һΣ˻ذ벽ɫĻѹıϢǰʿɱܴƽʱֻûɱӲƣֻҪܵˡ
Ҷ֪ӪɽʮھŲǰλ߽ʿˣҲšƽֵλʦ֣ڿۣǰӪɽڿƣʦֹĿͬʱŲæĴӻȡһͭơ
ʿһУƷС
Ҷɫԭأš
ʿǿͭƣ֮ɫ΢õ㣬ԭĿ󹤣ߣ˻ǵи󶴡ɣⱱӪӳԺҪӪ壬ǰͨһҪǱˣɱûѡ
Сڴһ㱡׹ĽƣСšʿڹһģԶɢ
Ҷظں棬̦С·С塣
С岢
ڴǶɸߵĲt¥̨
ھŲֳֽǹµվ棬Ŵܡ
ԼʮĶи߰ľݽٶ֮࣬סŲٵʿҶżܼôһʿڴ߶Ӻܰƶ¿ȥ˰ɡ
ʿҶһľӣʮּªӹˡƽʱڿ󶴣Ҳòϡ㲻󶴵ʱϢ߻൤ɽҲС⣬ڲ׼κ˽ƷʲôƷԼĴ
Ҷصͷ¡
ʿִӴһľ¥ȡ˼׿󹤴·֪ʲôƳɵļӲ䡢ʯ䡢¡һ¨ӫʯƷҶءЩڿҪϵĶ
ӳҶشСһ޴Ķǰ
ⶴһ󸹱꺺ӣһŴľϣΪģʱ޾ɴŹǷ꺺ӴԼʮֻ꣬㣬Ʋӣбۣ˵жôͻǰһӣһϼ¼һЩʲô
Ҷشڿĵط֮Ҳ꺺ӣ㾶ֱĮ뿪
꺺ӿӳҶأһбۣȣһҶصΪ֮ɫЩ죬СӣΪҲ̫⡣ɽʲôˣ䵽ⱱӪɽڿ󣿡
Ҷһüͷ֣λʦ֡
꺺һҶضƺʱʮֲ֣һִȶϵͣʦ֣һڿҲôӪɽĿ󶴼๤󶴶ҹܣп󹤶ҪӹýҼ๤๤֪ôһ㶼أ
Ҷͷʱһŭð˳൤ŵӣʲôһڿģҲ㣬ҸôһѣȻԡ
عٲֹܣسǾסԺԼҪڿٲ˺λ๤򽻵
Ҷ룬ǿаеŭƽ๤ԼҪģǷģҲûеκˡֻʯⶼ𣿡
๤ȣӳһָʹŶԼҪǾ͹ˣû˺úõ൤ɽţƫƫҪԿͷġСǰ˳ɿ϶ǿд⣬һ͵ЩǰɡҼһûдʲôԲʯĶûд㣬๤Ҳ͵͵һʯ󶴡
ҶЦ˹ȥǺ֪λ๤ˡʲôܼǷж
๤ûԼּ飬ͳһ޲ӡ򿪴ڣ˼£ͨһֻ˶Ľëϡ
رִ񣬳Ÿ๤һƲ룬ֽ֨֨˼תͷƼҶأ͵سҶϴ
Ҷغһһ죬һסëĲӣԼϡȻֻһ󣬵Լϲûл֣ҧһڣɲġ
๤ļ°ĭʱ鱩ǱβһļУ𣬱ˣҧ˵ģ̽ģ
Ҷؿ˿е󣬶ϡ
°ĭ̾ӵһɴڻ޴У๤ôкҲϳȥѲҶء
๤־ŭбĿҶأ㣬ҵ޸ʲôҸ㣬ⱱӪɽ󶴹ĹܡҪҽԲ˶ߡҿк̨ģûùӳԣ
㲻˵һΪͷҰޡɣҺ¿󶴡
ҶĮĿ๤ޱ顣
๤Ϊһ㣬ȴƺЩСڲ硣
ɲ¸๤ⱱӪɽڿˣȥС󶴣һԵõʯ൤Ҳֻôһʯ󶴣λ๤ܰ쵽еĿ󶴲ɣ๤ĺ̨ϵʦֵǡ
๤ŭ壬һʱȴ֪Ҷô졣
ûֻԶּ飬б۾ż仳ɵ̬ȣϸѲҶһ顣ܿϧһڿõĿ䡢ʯ䡢¡¨ӫʯ֮ģûܲ鵽κƷ
סÿʮ¨ʯˣһƷʯĳ͡Ҫûڹûʯġ๤ȻҶϲ˶бãҲֻܲͷĻ֣ˣȥɡ
ҶһмЦӫʯŴ¨һͷڵĿ󶴡ӫʯĵâǺ㹻·ˡ󶴺өʯֱɣһֱ·졣
ǰһڣͨͬͨÿһڵĳڿӦ൤ŵӣڿ
ҶصһЦﲻ죬ѡһˣȥһǰ棬ͬ£Ƿʯҳ൤ŵӣӭͷһصıҪߡмһοݵͷһʮСһʮ׳
ҶؼתԱ߱ܿó·
ǼĮҶأҲû̧ͷһ¨ʯֱȥ
Ҷ򳯿ȥͻȻһ£뵽ʲô㵵Ļͷ൤ŵӿȥĿɿɨһ¡ڶ㡢һ㡢ڶ㡣


136 Ǳ
ҶؼɫľȻһ㡢ڶĿѾǰĲ߹һתͷȥ൤ŵĿô˵ΪʿʵЩ㲻ס൤ŰЩڿ󣬶ԭ޹أ¡
ű¨˿󶴵룬ԽԽ࣬᫣Ŀ󹤺ŪЩͨʲô㡣ֻѡһ˺һһ󶴿ߴ洫һͷ˽ȥ
ⶴѾкüʿڿ󣬶ǸǰһЩʿһǵͽʿ
ҶߣвٵʯɢǶʯУĹԡ
ֿ˿Щ󹤣ôڿġһ־ſ䣬ʯ䣬Ĵô򶴱ڣЩʯӶ
Ҷѧſ䳯ȥһȥֻǰʯҳһСӵķ֣ʯļӲ
һ£еǱ֪ʲôƳɵĿעȻ͵һұϣ䡱һʯӶкüʯ
ڵļ󹤣죬㵵תͷŷڶһˡ
ҶؿɲǾ㵣ڵϣϲõĴʯаʯڳ
˭ڿģأǲǣ
һݵĺӴҴҴӶɱڶһˣܻҲûпҶ˭һŭһӻеıӣҶشȥ
Ҷضʱһܣͬʱǻӱ޵ݺӿȥһʿ
ž
Ǳӳʯϣһ֮ĺӡǱӺȻһ
Ҷسǵ޺ۿȥʲôˣȻѵ൤ŵڿȻ⵽ײɣ
Ȼ̧ͷݺӿȥĿһɱ⡣
ӫʯһ
ݺӻûʲôʱǧ֮Уҽһ͵ĵɳȥײڿұϣڵϣعѾ˺ü
ͣ
һâʯ䣬ݺӳֱ޵֣ʯϣ֮
ݺѪֱʹ۲ҽС
ڣͽʿһ󾪺׷׻æıܿ˿ҿⳡͻĴ򶷡ǵĿʮ֣η壬ųһ˿ֻ
Ҷػ˹ȥ½޼ʹѾãЩ𣬶Ҳֵôʮʯ۳ڵļͽʿȥǼͽʿ̻źˣҶؽϡ
ҶйɲԾĸоط֮͸¶һ˿졣ȫһЩͽ׵Ĳڵͽ׵ʿڿ󣬸࣬ûһ൤ŵӡɴ൤֮ڣǴһĵطˡ
ֹĸоǳĲ
棬һ󼱴ٵĽŲܿ죬һ׶󺺣嵽߿ڴΪ׵һλһѻ浶𣬡ģ˭ӵĵ£
ͷң
ڵϵݺӣĲҽУȡ
Ҷس񺺿ȥ඼㣬ǿһҲĲѣͨڿĿ󹤵ΪࡣǲһЩ
ֵ񺺣㿴ƣ۾㡭൤ŵӣδҶأЩɵ
ҶĮ񺺿ȥֵλʦܣҸ̫Ĺءʲôأֱ˵޷Ҳỵ˹ء˭ҪλһкͺҶ֣Ҳ͹ֲˡ
ƽʱڿˣԶʱգ˭ʦܣ󶴵ʱ㻹ûءһʵһĴ㣬һʿҲǴƽֶѡһ޻䵽Сˡ
๤ڶڣͨĿǲܴģСӦþһˡ
һתȵ󶴵ȷйأÿ϶й̶֣ڣµĵļһЩҲ̫˵ɡѱӻϼʯˡ
Ҷеޣǰ⼸ΧŵĶ񺺣ЦϷ뿴ʲôϷֶڿһĵϡͬʱ澣ӣС
󺺶ʱ¶ϲһһŻ˹ȥȡޡ
󺺺񺺣ԼһŻͬʱᵶҶط˹ȥ

񺺳嵽ߵһ࣬ŸռޣϲУͷˣȴֶھĵģͷٿʱϲȻֹĿֻʣ¾
󺺣񺺣Ѿ澣Ĳڵϣã
ҶĶ񺺡
Ķһ¿ˮæ±ӣĵˣұڴ
ʵţ
Ҷһ澣ӣǶҲסƮȻ뿪󶴡
Χ۵ĵͽ׿󹤣͡ҸǼ񺺽⿪

Ҷڿ󶴵תתⱱӪɽʮִ󣬹ʮҲ߲ꡣƷȫľˮϵʯв
ֻʮĿ󶴶п󹤣ټƿǷϿ󣬸ûڡ
ķ󶴣ѾڿգʣµڲٿʯֻɵĶżܿôʮʯǶڶϣԿ˵ûھļֵ
Ҷһû˵ƫƧϿ󶴣˽ȥ˵ÿҲôĿʯһϿ㹻ʹúܳһʱˡ
Զ൤ţԶ˿󹤣ĿڰʼڿϸֲݣȻͭɰ¯鵤
ʼǱ
ʿٹȣÿһʳС
Ҷ¡
ϸڿ־ɽ˼ͷҰһ£ľ澣Ľǿֱʳã˳һž㹻ˣҪȥѰʳ
Ǳޣոһգ򵥣ζ
ҶسҲòͬʯݵ뷨
ûʯֲһľ˶׻澣澣»գʵǳ
ܹʯı죬Чʯȡ֮㹻ʱʯȥ顣
Ҷؾⲻ˷ܵĿʼ顣
ݾͲˣԼõĵҩɲ
ҪǹԵľӡһľӣýʯʯˮʯľʯʯŸľϡ
ʯǱһӲ֮
ľʯľľϵĻľˡ
ˮʯӣˮֱɹ֮ˮֻЩûʲôر
ʯѾˣʼ͡
ʯǱɻɫѿޱ졣


137 һ
Ҷһءˮ֦˼š
ͨˮʯ࣬ĶˮûľľҲûл澣Ļ𶾣ֻһֺֺڷķǳԶѸͣκһ߶ȫгʱȥסӣҰѺ֮Ƴ⡣÷ȵˮȻҲǱ죬ȴʧܵı졣
ôǿźأ
ҶصĿ⣬ͻȻͣϸڵһСѱʯϡЩʯӺ̶ʰȡģԼʮ飬ʯټһֱţûá
һ¡ȡľӣһʯ飬ϣЩӡ
꣡
ľӣں̵ܶʱڣһǿҵıס˱ӡ˵죬ѿĶԶûС
ҶؽľӶȡһһ鿴յķ֣Ƕ˱
ˮʯȻԴʹľӱ죬ûʯܡ
һҧԣ
Σøͺˮ顣ϰˮӣ̺˽ΪǿҵĺҲߡ
ϱʯ
һΣϰɱסЩӲûȫôһ翹ס˶ƿǶű
ҶؾϲĿţɳ
˺һһ԰ѩɫ͸ģĶױϵɳľÿһƬҶӣÿһؾ˱˪ˡ֦ͷϣһѩɫ
һ澣ϣһľȫ෴
˪
Ҷвһɾ޵ĸоðһʮǡ֡
ҷеһæµľѴüֻɫСŻ㣬˷ܵ˵ĳ˪Ϸ˹ȥŷɵ˪棬꣡ǿҵıǵĽ˱ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽأǵķٶȴĻÿȶһ³򶼼ڵģܲסѹɴ˱˪ϡ³ɱֱӱ֦ϣһֻһֻķǧٹ֣ĳģŵģ۾ʲôģСֻмС˻ۣɿ뿪˷䳲
ҶĿɿڴ֮Ҳ̫Եˣ
ɫСԴϸڰ֮󣬾Ϳʼֳ࣬Ѿʮֻ֮ࡣ
ÿξһǾͷ۲ɻۡ
澣ɢȣвСӰ죬һλۣᱻ޹ıò޾ɣҪڷϢһ£Щ۲ָܻ
˪ãɴǸסˣӶӲߡ
ҶؿɲǶˣûǰæۣ⾣Ҳ᲻Щ䡱ȡֱǣǻȥΪʱ䲻Ǵ඼ûбֻǱ˳
ľ˼ϵʯڶֱ쾣˪

൤ɽġɽֿҰļ仯ţһ긴һȥ
ӪɽĿ֮УûļҲûаҹ֣֮ʱֹͣһÿһ죬ÿһʱûκڿڿոһյظš
⣬û
ҶżľǱ죬ǣʯԹ֮ظĳԣվҲġ
ΨһЩǣһѽɫС䣬Ȼˡ
һڻ澣ԣ
һѣȴתƵ˱˪ԡӪկ
ҶؿЦõǣĲѵС䣬ø澣˪ӴȻҲ˱仯һֻҵʱ򣬾Ȼ˼ٵôһֻս䡣
澣䣬ױ䣬ͷִβͬʱӵн𡢻ϵԡƼף𶾡
˪䣬ױ䣬ͷִβͬʱӵн𡢱ϵԡƼף˪
⼸ֻǿЩĿɿڴս䣬ƽʱۣǸѨһֶԷѵĽɫСԽ磬̷ɹȥϡ
żѵսҲɱһ
ٲҶԶ֣

ҶڷĿϥĿң鵭ĮһϢ״̬
һ㣬ڤ˼ҪһŵϢ̬ÿһ˿תΪԪܹЧļġĬԣĮ䡣
㣬޹ˡĿɡǣͬľľګΪѣٷӦ׶Σֻڶ
Ų㣬ΣҲˣоֿհף屾ܣתһоǿͻһؿڣͻƿ̤ɵ
׹ΨһĿģǷйԪԪģӶеľ񶼻ڣϵǿԼԪ
ԵǵһߣǵʱȻó鵤޷ĿԪΪ̤;Ǵ׽߼ˣȱݺܴɹɹȡͻƵģֻǼ츳ߵĹʿܶʿ׹ϡʿмڴˣ඼ɹڵĺڣ޷Լ
Ҷ׹ҲǴǳżȻسǵĲҩڵõɹ
Ҫ顢ǣÿһ־תΪԪԪ
ȻʵҲǿԣֻǻʧԪ
һ㣬ÿ˿İâйϢԶйһ˿Ԫ࣬ӶЧ
ΪܹǿΪҶصʱòǿסһеıԼĬĮʦֵʦõ⡣Ϊģÿôһ˿İâԼøǿˡ
ӥµðգһϸԪķʽӡıΪ¶Ϊչ١ôĽֻͣ΢ĸá
ûȥǿѹԼС
һֱڵ㣬׹Ӱ컹
ⲻյĿǱޣûκˣκ¸ţһ˾ޣƽƽȻҲҪȥԼ飬Ҳ˿ķϣӵЧȫھŲ̡
ΪĿ׹Ѿʼ¶ȥҲԶľŵϢľȥЩľ
ԶЧѾͨʿʩչġϢӸͬʵʿۿѲйһ˿޵Ϣ
Ҷͫļ֮һƹâȴ

ꡣ
ҶѾǶʮʿ
һգϥĿͻȻ֪ôһȻ˫Ŀһƴ÷Ϊ֮һȥú޹ʣҲ»ָڰ
һ⣬йһ˿Ԫ
Ҷزûй
ǰһƵļªɳ©ȥ޴ɳ©棬ʢ㹻ϸɳʱɳ©棬ϸɳ⣬ֻʣһɳˡ
Ҳ˵ԼһȻѾ졣
ʵǰڰ˲Ķ׶ΣֻյġѣȫûҪ֮á⡶ԴԴϵת֮£ľȻͣԾĳ˹ȥҲ֪УһٽڵھŲ㡣
Ҷзǵϲһ˿ľ塣
ھŲ㣬Ѿ൱Σյ׶Σһ׷˼׺ܲܳں֮ƿȫ
ͻһԼһ˯ûѹĻ֮ڣֻ¶һΪʿ
⡶Ѿȥ취ԼаͻƿɹС
Ҷص侲һ
ڸո̤ھŲ㣬ûе޷صĵزֻҪͲ˯ǵھŲ۷壬ֻԱ㿹Զ֮
ְ취һǿĿޣ˵ַϣãһַǽԼһɵİա
ڵھŲʿѾԷǿͻƿ
Ǹÿǻ൤ţʱˡ
Ҷվ΢΢һϵһ㳾̱𿪣һŻ潬뿪󶴡˼룬󶴸ôȥֻܵתѰҳ·
ڣһЩһ㡢ͽ׵Ŀ󹤣Щռ㡢ĲĶ񺺣ֻǰӰһһ߽ʿǰɹ
Ǿ㵵Ŵͣһ߽ʿʲôǲҶԸ߽ʿΪ˵ʲôͷڿ
С֮Ҷҵ˳ڣ˶߿ڴһ۶ڴ๤ĮȻ߹
Ǵ󸹱๤ĵĴϣ۾һһİʿվ˿󶴳ڡĿ̽һ£๤̴סһʱ侪㵣ûҳ
쳣ɻԼÿնҲ벻ܽȥûмǰλʦ֣󶴡
λʦ֣ʲôʱģ
ͻȻ๤ɫ䣬ҶԶȥıӰţǡǰǸļһڿ꣬ԲȣȻûѾھŲˣôģ


138 Σյ
Ҷ뿪Ӫɽֱɻ൤ɽ֮һȪ塣
ȪϽǿڱӪɽڿͭơԭλ۵ǮʦѾ뿪һλµ߲յӡ
ʦȻЩҶĸ߽ʿΪʲôȥڿ󣬵ʦҪʲôʦܵҲҶʡ൤ɴɣײɭϣͽʿǲҹʸ߽ʿ顣
Ҷؽ뿪
ʱȻһȪĹ֮һʦ壬ؽûκηӦûж࿴һۡ
ҶȻһȴڳ׷ʦæֻôһ˴ڡʦλǰȻɵˣˣ˸ôһ˿ûĵӸȤ
ò仯Ϣ仯ҲЩϵ
֮䣬ѾһЩȥʿصʿΪڿڴţƤҲһЩŵϢü΢Բ׽Ӧʦǵǰȴϲڵ顣
ҶĬţ߳
ڱӪɽڿ꣬Ҳûкô
൤ھŲĵӣѾǺټˣڰǧУֻвǧ˶ѡҪڰ˲߲ӡ
ΪھŲĵӣڵʦʦûмͽ׵ĵӸͬ׵ʿλͬҲûʸ顣
Լص൤ɽĿΪ˴ʦŻֻʦŶƵļϣһʱ᲻н
Ҷһ£ٲȪĵǰ㳡һ¥¥ȥڿ󶴱չ꣬൤Ŀǰһ֪ȥ˽һ˵
¥רŹ󱲵ӳԺֵ¥һЩļʿпеʱϲϴȺͬʦֵܣֺУ˻죬˵ء
⣬Ϊƽʱ˶࣬ܶڵӶｻƷףһССЩʿ¥һ£ԼҪó۱СӿеĻֱӹȥ̸ˣǳ㡣
һרž̵˵ӣרŴȻԸⱻЩ˵ȡмѣҲԼ
Ҷǰﹺͽ鵤Ӻ䷽ط΢ЩϤ
˿һҶسһۣӵĴ˵Ҳжڵӡ
һ࣬һ˵ӣ˼ССƣСƣɫͬŵӵĽ̸Ȼ󲿷ֶһЩĻõĶ
ǰһСȣڵֲͨʿȻСѾͬŵֵ顣ֻҪһ˵⣬̲ס
֪ǰݹӵԬʦ֡Ԭʦ壬ϸ¸ոɹǱŽλɹʿʸμ׵Ӵȡ
һϣһ΢ֵڰ˲ʿ˴ꡣ
ͬʿ׷׾̾ʦ֣Ҳ̫ˡһλݹӵʦţԺ˭鷳Щʦֵܣĺ̨Ӳ
ʦ֣ԺЩֵܣȫӦˣ
Ҳҡ²˵С°ϡ
΢ֵʿЦ
һЩͬʦֵܵĲĿ䳰൤ʿǣһݰӵ½ʿʲô
ҶسһۣĬĬžơ
ÿԼô߰λͬʦֵܳɹ̤һԾΪ൤ŵǰ;ʿʲߣҲˡ
š
ʱ䣬һЩҵĴӣĿдۺ֧ţøΪ鵤ΪһǧһɹֻǼʵǣǼ޴档Ĵӣ൤ڲÿһǷʦŵأĳΪͽܣΪڵӵĽ۵Ľ㡣
Ⱥ˴Щġʦǡ󣬳ġӡֿ֮ʼЦЩʧܵʿˡ
ͨ£ھŲʿƿʧܵĻǱھŲˮ׼
ǻһֺǾھŲʿһͻ˵ھŲ㣬Ծڵʮ㡣ͻͻˣûܽΪǵڸߵĲΡ
Ѫȴε顣
൤ڣһʵȺĴʦ֣ʮμСȡɹȡáͻơһٴﵽ˴˵еʮ㾳磬ڰǧڵУ˼޵еĴڡ
ǣе޵дڣڵӣӡ
λ˵еĽ޵еʦ֣˷֮󣬱ֹٲμСȡͬʦֵܵ䳰ȷͰ֮£ûʦŴȥ뿪ʦţǰң壬֦ɢҶ
ֽʵǲò˸еꡣ
꣬ǡһȵĴȡֻڵʿʸμӡȵĽСȸϡƷԪԪԪһꡢʮԪ൤浤֮һֻʿʸ鵤
Ҷεӡ
ɵʱ̫áǰСȴˡδȣִﲻûʸμӡҪ֮󣬲СȣСȲ
Լȵ
ҶһʱȻ
޷ͻƿôֻҪһʱΪֹͣϵĻ˯ȥ˯ΪѾֹͣһдҲֹͣãΪȥ
ͻȻҶضһ
ԶԶӵȺڽΪһϯھŲŮʿɫصһ𣬵̸һʦ顣⼸µһǺĵӣʽʦ̵֡
һüĿ㣬۵ӣüʦŵʯ̫ţе۸ʯĽѾ½ҡȥӰǵķСϢ˵ɵļʯ󶴿Ҫݽߡǲģ
Աһưʿžյߣ˭֪ء꣬ʦŶѾֹͣµĵȥʯڿûڿƣû˽˿󶴣ȥ̽ҹţӦûʯˣûٰۡСϢӦôˣȻͷһֱŴң˵﾿жʯʦѾȺʮڵӣɽΣյĵطѰʯΪ˽ͬʦֵܡȴֻһСͿʯ๻ʦʮҶѡ˵൤ǲҪ·ˣɵĵλܱס𣿡
ɽʯԽԽ٣ǺԵ顣൤ȱʯôܶǰʱ䣬ǸţҲͻȻʯ󶴺ĽߵϢϢȻû֤ʵǰ˾ŲʮٲȥҾͲţЩšţܱǺõ
һʿȴɫƽΪȻ
ʿԱһŮʿƺ˫ް£Цʦ⻰൤źôҲɴˣǻ۳Ⱥʿ֪٣϶Դı㣬ܻô˥ȥ
üĿӣ룬ˣλʦ֣ʦ˵ź͸λƺ׼һδжҪһ֣ȥִһΣյ񡣹ҲС֮ڵ飬ʦʦǵĴͬʱСʲôʦ˵Ҵ̽ʦǰ׼˵ǡȥȥҪȥĻǿԽ
˵ļֵʱͻȻΪʮֽĶ⼸ʿ
ͬưʿ򸾣˵ĸͬʱ¶ݣһۣ¶ϲ֮ɫʦܵʦ֣ϢӦôˡȻˣҲúú׼һ¡ĺûᣬɲܴ


139 
һΣյ񡭡С¡
Ҷ˼һСƣĥŸղǼµӵĻ
¥мֵҲûͷһ鱨֪ΣյȥʲôΨһ֪ǣźڸţС顣
Ҹղ˶µӣǴʦ𴦵õһЩصϢǸüĿʿһؼĲָ˸С
ĺĵӶΣյ˸Ȥ׼ȥμӡֻ²ܹõ޴ĺô
ʲôô
Ҷ޷϶
ƷƷ鵤ʲôпܡ
С֮ڣӦû񹫲зӲ롣
ڣҪ飬취
Ҷ¥ִС죬ĶһЩʦĴСС飬֮ͬûʲôرҪ飬Ҳûٴȥ

֮Ҷһʮɿɵʯ̨ϡֱ̨ͨ൤һɫΪߣǧľΪ¥̨൤
֮ǰѾȥȪĲ󣬵̫СҲ䷽ֻһЩͼ鵤䷽鵤䷽
ɻ֮£Ȫһصʦܴ֪൤鵤֮һ䷽ûбȪϡɴҪһЩ鼮顢䷽֮࣬൤ɽĲ൤ŵص֮һ
൤ɽһ͵Ļɽƴ󣬵൤⻹һĻ¥󷨣ÿһеĽ󷨡˵ܣھŲʮˣλʦ塢ʦҹÿһ֮ڡ
һλᵤڵʦ棬൤ĵұչءһ飬ֱƹض㱣֮£൤Ѿǧûйκʧһ֣Ƿǧ֮ǰյĻٲ᱾ʦ׫дĹ±ԭţǸƱ൤ʹļϰ꣬ɴ¥ϲˮ󷨣Է֡
Ҷ̨ף¥߹ҵҡ൤󡱣Ų˹ȥ
࣬վһھŲȫɫ߽ңҪҸ߽׽⽣࣬ÿһ൤ŵӡΪҶظͬһΣ˵װԼͨȷ档
Ҷʣ޷Щʮ귨൤ȡ
ʾƣ
һᣬסҶصȥ·Į
Ҷ漴Լó飬ÿλŵĵӶһ顣ͬݵĵӣģһ۵ӣֻһɫľɵͨľơľ൤زɷƲˡ
֮󣬡ˣȥɡƽҶء
Ҷؽӹƣûֱӽšƣǰմһ£һĹڷ֡Զɢһžٲһ㡣
൤һǳ󣬿տһһɵ鼮ϣʮƵ飬йסƤֽ鼮򡣡˿֡൤ڣֻҪϵʿʸ൤ϵĵԼϲԼŵдҲߣҪ֮УԼܡЩڵصĲҲǧٹ֡ö֮ڵĸ鼮ıСɽࡣȻˣԭŶֿ֮з棬¥﹫ڳʵǸƷ󱲵Ӳġһ鼮ֻ൤ɽһǶѡ
¥ϣһſ˶Բıٳ飬մϻҳ
ʱһڷǳûжˡ
Ҷؿ˶鼮ʱ˷һЩͼ鼮Ǳŵڵӿ⸴ʹõġֻҪʯ
ҴҰϵıǩȥǲſôһСͷתʵǡ̫ˡ
һ򵥵ĻȻжʦ岮÷ˡϸ¡оµԵһ˸ߵ鼮
ӻ;ƻоı÷ĿƺͱƷоһλϲʦ壬о˻ƫ÷ʳղ˵ζȲղ˵ζҪ϶١
ÿһʦжļ⣬еļȫ෴˼⡣ҪŪЩʦΪʲôóȫ෴Ľۣɲһ򵥵飬˵ҲʩչоС
һˮҶظˡ
һܰŪͷΡһͷ鼮˵￴ǧֻ꣬ҲꡣŶͷˣʱҲδǺ顣
࿴棬ȥ䷽Ҫ
ҶطɿɨܵıǩڷֱԹѰ鼮תһ֮ǰͻȻһʿ룬ЩŰ塣
ҶһʿǱڵĵӣҵʩ񣺡ʦ壡
ǰʿ˫֣ܣҶؿһۣĵ˵ͷͻȻסתͷĿⶢҶأʮ־Ĭһ£ǡ
ҶرʿĿⶢţЩܡھŲΪѾǿܹʿĿ±侲ڱ׵ıƵõˡ
ǡ
ѹ֣ϢȻ֮΢ע⣬ûвʿһ£ֹѾˡھŲ㣬ӦѾǱͷˡôûȥأܣ
Ҷغգû뵽λʦ׺ĹȻʮ
ԼѰҵ鵤䷽Ŀ˵˸ڵȱ˳ֵ뿴ûõ鼮䷽⣬˳ٿûĺö
ʿһ£ͻȻһУԶһܵһöɫҶص
ǡַУ˲ٵ̣ӦʺáһҪƷʯ⣬е䷽䷽һ¥ڶ¥רŴ䷽ĵطָһָһ䣬Ĵȥȥңҵ䷽ҴſڴִµӸƣʯС
ҶһʱЦãƷûҵһǱӲ
ƫƫã޷ƴǡ
Ҷ΢Լпõһֱ٣ȷʵ£Ҳҵġ̲ѹ׵ĸ߽ƽʱóãñ֪װĵӡƽõһֱҲֵġ
ԺԼϺõϣȥƣЩ㡣ֻ򱦷һĿӺ鷳ɴԼơ
Ҳ׻ʯ
лʦָ㣬ǣ
Ҷ䣬ҵһ΢͵Ĵ
дҪʯ
һ¥͵¥ĳ̾봫ֻͣСƷʯˡһƷʯúüΡ
Ϊʲô൤Ҫô󣬶¥ȥȴľһϲͨˣ׵ġ
ҶطʯǶڴϣ
һҫ۵İɫâѾ˶¥
Ҷضܿȥȴһ
ֻǰ棬ڷһӣһ׷ͷ鼤˫ַҵĻ棬ȫעĴǰһȭͷСĽɫҺ壬ŽɫҺڻ¾ҵķڣðݣʣЩݲϵڵɫҺԽԽС
׷ͷҶسڴ󴦣δ࿴һۣͷɿСӣҪʲôԼȥңҡУǧ𿿽ʮ֮ڣ˵ͷûѡ


140 ䷽䷽
ŴӴҶ̸оӭһɸжʱһæԼʩһջ֡
һԶλ봫Զİ׷ͷ
ǰ׷ͷ˫ַɿıƣϴһŵĻ棬ǽɫҺȥоҶصעӣ¸Ц
СӣôС֣Զһû£Ϸҵַĺܣ˲Уе䷽ʯһݡһЩհԼȥƱˡ
Ҷ۾ԶԶĵһʿ𣬿ɱԵմһ㣬ֻ½Ҳδسܵסͷֻһʱֻ½ˣλʦԶܴȥ
¥ĲҪٺܶ࣬Ҵо鼮ĺ٣ҪǸʵõĶ䷽䷽䷽䷽鼮ȵȣһŵܡ
Ҷϸһ۾һ
ٹȵ䷽ٹȵͽ׵߻޷ڲʳչʱһɵСµʳϣΡߡΡŶ䷽һҪصĻϡ
Ԫ䷽һɷãΪϣ
Ԫ䷽ĲɷãΪ
Ԫ䷽߲ŲɷãΪ
Ҷڶ¥ɿѰպõϵ䷽ֻҪǿö˵С䷽ʵ̫࣬
ߵһܵ棬һľװһɫ
ʶ̽
൤浤䷽䷽Ԫ䷽Ǳʵ䷽
Ҷؿڿƪдһ֣һϿϲ
ڱҵˡ
൤СȵĽƷԪǱμڵӵĴȣſܻõĽƷǱʵǵһο֡
ҶطɿĿһ䷽Ľܣ
ڵھŲʿͻƾ磬ڵıر֮ɽϡ֮
ԪҩҩԪΪꡢʮԪкĿӳʮԪʿڼͻƣڻ߽֮ǰȴԪľôô˵ֱԪڹؼһȡͻơԪҪĴҩġƵĳɱߣ쳣ϡ١Ȼ൤ţҲֻÿڴϳѡ⣬Ԫǿ޷֮鵤ÿһҩЧμ롣֮ٷñ㼸Ч޷Ԫ
ǱʵֱǱһ㣬츳֮鵤Ҫҩ亱ǱʵһɽȻǽᵤʿҲȻᡣ൤ȻӵǱʵ䷽ϧҩ󣬾һγǱʵѾ֮ǰˡ
Ҷؿ浤Ľܣ𾪡
ԪǱʵǱʡһ鵤˷񡣲ǣ鵤ҪݶĽϵİҩģ˵Ҳҩ
Ȱ⼸䷽˵
ҶؼϿȥеǣȻкܶϡŹֵ䷽ơ⿡֯ȵȵ䷽
ɣ䷽ժɣƳɳɣ𣬿ɿٻָ
䷽ժһ黨Ƴɾơܲժ黨ɰٻ𣬿ɿٻָ
䷽ժƳɾƣɿٻָ
Ҷϸֹɫ黨ƵƣӵпٻָЧǺöԵǹһС«ĳɣƣһСڣ㻨ʮʯ
򶼺ĵ
䷽¡
⣬ϻ䷽׵⽣浶ȵȣҪĿʯ䷽һӦȫൽõ˫ַ顣
ֻһСĹҶѾʮ䷽ϲüҡ
ҶطɿĴȡһ֪ͻȻסɫòһɰɫĬһ¡
ҵһ䷽˷ܶʧ
ھŲȱݣһһʱʱ̿̽ĲʱƣյԽǿո״̬
ԼûŹѵ٣ϢĽ״ֱ̬һ䷽ǴȥԼƷ
ٶ࣬ҲҪȥòСҪûܹȥ֮زūһò˵ƷҲֻͬʦֵܿЦЦѡ
ҶسĬ侲ԭȵ˷ܣѾһɨա
Щ䷽һŻԭ
޷ôЩԪԪԪЩʿõ鵤ԼʲôǷЩ䷽Լʱ䣬˼ȥ
ڣԼΨһĿǻȫĳͻһ١ֻҪǶûκΰĶ׸ѣֻɢ˼
ҶĶҲˡ
ֻʣ¡䷽͡䷽
䷽ġ
⡶䷽ϸвٵĻ潬˪ҲǷšķʽܼ򵥣ֻҪŪϣͱˣʱ䣬Ҳ¡
䷽ԼȡҲ٣൤϶͹šûĻ޸Щˡ
Ҷصһ˿ĮĹâࡣ
һհ׵򣬽䷽ơ

СĹ򣬰׷ͷѾϣļ֮һ˹䣬ԲĽӲӵĽɫСڰС
Ҷͷǰֹĵʦȡ˶䷽ʯ
׷ͷһѾץסеʶɨһۣЦ
䷽䷽СӣͷҼٺ︴ƹЩһⶼһͷǾǶ뿴ԼܲƳͷһûĸɹҪϰָ߼ҩģ˼ȫɵ⣬޷ơһҲŪЩҩġ˼ɾƣʱͷһ̳Σ
Ҷ΢죬Ψŵƣֻûȥһԡ
ˣҪ͸ȥɣ䷽һƷʯ
ͷҶʯȴߣ𼱣ոմȱһڵĵһأһԣ
Ҷԥһ£ʦװɡƺõմȾ˵ķϢǮ
׷ͷʱյʲôף飬˺ü깦Ƴûÿܲ
Ҷذп࣬ͷǿѣͲÿݡ
Ҫ˵һͷ
Сʿøַɡʹʱƣעɼ˺
Сᵤʿøַɡʹʱʶƣע뷨ɷУɱСԶɽͨĪ⣬޴
׷ͷʿС϶һҶеĻ԰нʩչСʹÿȴǼѷӳ
Ϊ赼ԲãҪĴķĴʶܿ
ʲô߽׵ķżĻƷʶƶķʶʩչᾫƣ롣һ׷պרõġ
׷ͷɲҶԸԸ⣬Ŵ۾ǿҪÿɫСҶزӦֻҪˡ
ҶƴǲˣĬһ£ðæҲʲôܴ飬ʹķһڽɫСϣǱС
ǣϽɫСֻ΢ҡһ£ڷĿ֮£ķҶصĲݲ̫ɵĺ
Ҷشһɿ˫ڿпٷɶСƬֻ֮һɫĹӰڰзɿĴ
ž
ɫСɵ̫죬һͷײ˲ڵһ͸ϣڹϼһ󡰶ˣʧ˵ϡ
Ҷ˷˲ٵķƣ룬ɫ΢΢סȴѾǼ𾪣ȻĲٿأٵķɶһˡ
αɣϷڽ˺üϵС󷨣ɵô졣
׷ͷϲֽ̣ϵĽɫСһյϣ˫͵ץһץǽɫСʱŴ˼˫һѹСꡱСϳڶϸܵѺۣȻ޷ɾ޴֮
Ҷؾ̳ɡһȻһ¾ͳѺۣ׷ͷֻϵʵԶһЩΪñѵСˡ
αŴСЩࡣ
׷ͷյӺףͷĻһֹ֣ĥţ취ŴСУŲƭˡѽԽֲϵԻ´εûһ䷽һԡ
Ҷһ¡
ɫСαѹô졣
׷ͷѾ˳˼öʡ뿪¥ܿ൤


141 ִͬ
Ҷس൤гأǰ޵׼һͷݷȪɽȻʱ䣬оȥռҪݡ
ղŴԵĿһ䷽Ҫݡ
һȻȻҪߴҩġ
ڻԼܴܲЩҩԼڵܲܽҪһһȰҵݶҵ֣׼һ
ԽҩģͨƷԽߣֻڵʦʦ˽ҩ԰ſС⣬൤ŵҩ԰Ҳв٣Ŵҩġ൤Ĵҩ԰࣬൤ɽΪŨ֮ء
ҪݵġΣҪ߰ݡҶӣҪݡ䷽ϵĽҩģߵҪ󡣳˴ɣû˭ܹյһݡ
ЩɼҲһǻЩȱٴģֲݵ鱦ءҾôϣҲֻѣһʧܵķաǸ߼鵤߼鵤ʧ֮ߣɽϵ顣
൤ſڱŵߴģֲЩҩģ˼ĵزҲ鱦ز󡣶ñΪʦÿҲƳôѾǼ޲ܸˡ
ȥʦʦտ˽ҩ԰ӣȻ˳ڳϸڶּꡭ
ҶҡҡͷϷ뷨
Щʦʦ취̫鷳һ㣬ʱ
뵽򵥵ķֱӹҩӡ
Щİҩҩļʿóǻǵȴ׶ˡǵӿɲҪôòܵõ
ʵҲӵĻٿȥչԵۡ
൤ɽ壬ÿСУܶӶӣϸһңӦܴյеĴ󲿷֡
Ҷ뵽һ٣ɴתֱ൤СжȥȰ൤ɽСйһ˵൤ɽһڵϲۼ¥
ͻȻȻֻһ¥ڣڶɢΧһȦ˷ܣĮĹעŴļˡ
һ¥м䣬߰ӣֳΧһڴʲô
λʦƵ̳ٻҪˡһСӣһݺƵģƤЦмһһɫͨŮ˵
Ůӵǰڷһ̳δơȻͨľƣǻָƣҲôӵĹעˡ
ߣƾʲô˵ҪҪ̳ȿеģ棬һüĿµӣߵĺ
ƾʲôƾӷǿôһǬѾСſ£겻ٰſһΣϻرȶҪҵţҷǰİ²˴
ݺƵСӣĽе
üĿӶʱǺ죬ĻԱһưˣȴסļЦǬ۸ʲô£ҲҸҽһ£
ݺ꣬ưͷüͷһ壬ߣģ㱾м֣ˣڿҵ¸¡СҽԲ˶š
ưô̳ƣҪˣҪǲǾһĶ˭ܰߣ
ߣüĿˣưᣬһ򸾣ھŲʿ
һߣµӣھŲ㣬ʵͬС
ݺƽʱҪǳںĶôˣ˻ҩƵģҪɡĪ̳ʲôãһɣԸóȥˡ

Ҷؽ˿ȥüͷɵһĸµӣǰȪ˵һʲôΣյû뵽Ű첻൤
ЩɻǣǴԶ൤ɽʲô
ٻҶ֪һٻ𡱣ɼ黨ʮҪժ黨ףϾ黨ɲ⿪㿪˻һҲӣơ
൤ŵĵӣ඼ѧٵӻѡȥѧϾƶΪûʲô洦һ̳ٻ൤ҲƷ
ΧһЩΧ۵У˵ۣڿ֣ҵӣǸݸʲôˣҸ̳ƣ
Աһߵ͹ª˰ɡ֣ҵӶأ˵Ҳкʮϼڸŵģǵ൤ϵ׶Ǭλɲ˿١
ЩµӣǱ񣬲ǳϵĶӣǸĵӣƽʱӳ죬˭Ʋ˭Щӣɼ̧
˵λ̨˵ĳͨɼʿƽʱȻҲĺܡǸ൤Щ߲ӵܱû취ȣֻܸĽķݡ
ԸĵӲ٣󲿷ֶڿ֣壬Ωֲҡ
Щɢ޳ʿûʸμֻż䳰һ䡣
ǵģǿ֣
ǳԱ˳ţһ̳ҲȥûСȣ𣿡

ʹ˭˭
䣡
һŴ򣬺һײ汬ը
ڸֵӣ׷׸Լϻ֣Ŷǿû뵽µ˵ʹ򣬸˼¥󣬸кܶӡ
ôһµѾ׽ԴóһͷŷһԴ򡣻򣬷Уˮҷɡ
ھŲĸ߽ʿ֣ɲһ͡
ҶҲæԼϻ֣ӣ¥ȥͷٿʱЩĿɿڴЩµҲ̫ˣһεذһͿͲ¥ȻֻͨľĽ¥ҲûҪ̣ɡ
Ҷذÿ죬һ֣ﹺӵĴˣֻȥ忴һˡ
µӣԾ¥ƽأƴɱܿ죬ݺǱ߾ͳŲסڻϣˡǱϾһˣ˺ܴĿ
޵ģǱ̫ĸʲô£ֵ
ݺ۴С
ǿҪŲסʱԶĽâͻȻƿնһӢͦΣмϵӣȴһɽ棬жͬŮӡ
Ҷؾȣ⼸ڵõľȻǷǳǽᵤʦƳģ൤ڳʿ֮⣬ڵзļ亱
Ӳɵľ
ʦˣ
ŵĶӣһܿ´ˡ൤Ÿ߲ӵ֮У˭ܱȵ֮ӣ
ϵӣ˻ҵĴ򶷳棬ʱŭȵס֣ʲôͳĻȻһĺá
ݺߵˣڡ죬Ƕ򸾵ˣӵŭæֹͣ򶷣ʩ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣ҪΪʦֹ
ݺ꣬ʱϲæ״ʦҿһ̳ƣҪǼȴƫƫһӣҪҵơ
ڲıӶˣʦ֣Ƕȸ״ȿеģ


142 룬
ϵͦ꣬ɨ˫һۣΪһ̳ƶִʱһ̳бҪȥ𣿷һ̳ƶҲòˣǰ˲ͳˣùƽ֣ΪɵĴʦ֣һԹԾӣνǰ
ƵŮӣž̳֪룬æƳȥ
£ղŻڴ򶷵µӲִȥһƺ«׼̳ƽֵ

λʦһͬǰǼм䣬ͻȻһЦݵվ˳ֹϵ꣬˼䣬ʦ֣šС¡
ϵ֮ɫʱһ䣬תͷʵ鵱棿
мһŮӣЯʦ⼸첻ʦţѲӣԲƣȴǷֲġ
ϵɫ˼䣬粻
Ц˵һ飬òؿǡ
ǰСȣȻһȴûɹڵӵĴȣСԶȡûɷš֮ŻٶСȡ
мһĻᣬϺٷҲδؾһγɹһϣǷǳԪ飬ÿһλĻᶼܴ
ȻЩ˶൤ĸ߲ĵӣɹɭϣķɱŽʦԾȻšҲ
ܴСʤŵĶӣҲ޷õ
Ȼһ취ԵõǾȥȡѰʯۣһ֣޴ĹףԻһööΪ
һֱڣ˭ȥȡ
֮ǰۣһͬʦһ¡ϧɽȻ󣬵ʯûôңǵתһȦɱ˲ޣȴʯëûзֻ֣εĻ
źڸ֣һǧǰһڵӽȥޣΪΪԼҲһСڹϡ٣ȴϴóԷֲá
ϵ˼ЦǺĻϽƵݺǬڵˣգԭƣΪ׼ֻڹԩͷҪǷֳȥǵƽװѶȡĻøӡ
ɫһ䣬ߣ˽ƻ¥󣬷Ǳ˼죬̳ơʦܱšЦУߣ
겻ˣóһСȥ
ЦٺһЦ̳ӽУӴͳһСʯƵŮӣͼ֮ͬˣһ뿪̳ϵȵİٻƣȻǼ˷ˡ
ʦ֣⡭ƣ
ݺǬڵ߰ˣɵ۾ź͸֮ӡ֮Ů˰̳ߣ˰죬ȴá
Χ۵ӣ׷״˿ڣһ֮ûֿɿ׷ɢȥһɽһɽߣ⼸ĵӣϵĶӣ˸Եĸ߲ӣһֻгԱķݡ

ҶؿղһĻֻҡͷ
⼸ڱӪɽǱޣ֪ĺ١ŷ֣¸߲¾ȻԵ޼ɵ
Щ߲ӵΪͻȻҪƣѾ²⵽˼֡
ΪȥǸʲôЩµӺ׻øĻѾʼǰ׼ƣ϶вСİȻƷ֮һ
ڶͨӣǸûʸᡣ
ⳡ¹ʣٵʱ䡣
Ҷس˼һ£û൤ɽ޵˷ݣǰ壬ȥŵӾۼĵطȡͬʦֵܵӡ
칦ռٵӡ˳㻹˼ҪϸڵһСѻ潬˪ȡӣȻϡ
൤ʯȱٵӳ۵ݡ鵤Ӷʼۡ
ҶȻڱӪɽķڴ꣬ϵʯȴࡣ
󶴵ʯڣһҲڳһʮֲݺȥ˴ʯֲ쾣ֺȥٵʯڿ֮ҪҲûôʱȥЩӲʯ
۵ƷʯҲǽǧѡЩʯҩתɼֵߵҩƳ鵤
Ҷɽļתƣ鵤ȥӣҪİ˾ʮӡ
ֻּӣ֥ݡǧͨڵӸû⼸ζҩĵӣֻʦŵĴҩ԰ֵĻҪӴӿܵĴҩ԰ŪѶȲС
ҶѰ˼һ£뵽һ⣬СȥЩڸСнʶ˲רž̵ĵӣЩ̵ĵ·㡣

ɽ壬嶥һĴҩ԰
һڰ˲ũĵӣһ߲˴ĵӣһƬµ˽
ǸũҩɻǮӣҪ֥ʲô
Ǯӵܣֱ˵鵤ſʮ꽻飬㲻Сæɡ
ũԥÿ춼ʦҩ԰ӡֻ²̫ð졣
ңһ֪ôʦݵĿֲӡûҩֻӶѡһһûôױ֡㷢ˣ˵СıӳˣΪһô˼С¶ѣ
ҪĽӣʦûô׺ŪȥðķջǺܴ󡭡һӣҲɡ
湻ݵģУھҪϽȥɣ
һ֮Ǯ˵ӣӳũһӣ뻳У˷ܵķɿ뿪ҩ԰ӡãǮɽһ¥ĸᣬȴֵ¶һ˿֮ɫ⣬˵൱ͷģðҲֵˡ
֮
Ҷغ˴ĵɽһ¥˽˸档
һֽǮһֽ
˵ӵһװһСʮƷʯĴӣһƿװĵƿϲֺõλʦֹȻʹ죬´ʲôģǮɽ壬Ұ첻顣
Ҷز鿴һ֥ӣҩ鼮мصһģһƽ˵ɡϣκ顣
Ǯʦܣظ֤ʦַģǮʮ⣬һؿƿû֪ǴģҲû֪ȥҿʦƺҲɽĵӣõɽĳΪһӣܵȥ׷顣
ҶصĮĵ˵ͷ뿪˸ᡣ
ʱǾᶯ鵤ʯȥĽסǸʱ൤żǵ׵Ϊûʲôλһϲͬʦ֣ܰһ
ڲͬΪһھŲĵӣѾڵΪȻôһʯʮ߽鵤Ҳʲôû˸״⡣λ߲Ǯʦܣǰҿһǻǰֻ»֪ᷢʲô顣
Ҷص֥ӣ뿪ɽ壬ȥͬķֱ߰ҩŪ֡һһķֿռ˸֪ѼЩӾʲô
еӶŪ֮󣬲ŻصȪľס֮ϸֲҩġ

ҶѼҩӵʱ൤Ѿõһ飬˵ɽɣѾõһ飬ڹˡ
൤ڣߴɡʮСɣͬһʱ䣬һ񡪡룬
һڸڵмҵ𶯡
룬شɽ޺Уӡû˻ȥעֵط
ǧ֮ǰһСɡšĵӣһżȻĻ룬ɽϷһСƬ¶ʯ˷ܵһ·ھȥȻ֣һ͵ʯ㹻֧һǧ֮á
ŵĵ̽鱨ͻɣû뵽ͽ鱨ͶȥˡһСǾһɵġ
ż鱨ߣڷŭ֮£Ϣ˳ǸɶռɽɣȺõ鱨ڵӡڵӣɱ롣
˴͵󣬹ϵһɵ˥ȴ˭Ҳá
ΪĹȨȵִļɴ֣˲ءǣʮСɵӷӵǷ֣κһɶ޷һӴʯ
գڸɽᵤ£֮䲻òЭƽϢֶھʯ
鲢δȻֿɣÿӦ÷ֵĿĶѣȴط硣еŰʵֿеȴŰ󵽵Ĵֿ
˭Ҳ޷˵˭
̸£ɴеɶһϣԼĵĴڶھ룬˭ڵʯ͹ǸСڵ٣ƾ¡
һ֮ĿⱻͨΪʯ˫Ŀٲںڰĵ¿ڱһѪȶ񶷡ɵĸ߲Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣܺڰĵ¿ڵ
ֺ޳Ļҿɣ֮á
ڷھʯʱȴûע⵽޲Ǻǵġ
ڶĿ飬ԽԽͨ̾ɽĵصסȺ޵ϳ
һҹ֮䣬ϳĳȺ޿ŭŰеĿ󶴣ԿڵĵͼڵչĹʮСɣ˵ĵӳ֮ڣǸɵִ֮ҵһʧһУǱŵСɱ㲻ҡ
֮һֱڹĶǣģͻȻ⵽޴Ϯ޷ֵֻ˱Լʵָɲޡ
̶̰֮䣬뱻ռݡ
ɵʿ˳˿󶴣ʧأ޶־ʹ롣оʯĿѾǧ֮á


143 ʯת
ǧʱһζǳ޿񳱣ѪȵĴɱѾǵĲࡣǧǰΪµĶԹµţɢ֪Ǹȥˡ
ڣЩҵʯܴһֶѾڿաɶΪʯսѷͷۣ£ǧǰΪ޿񳱶ȹرյĴʯҲ߲䡣
ֻҪͿ¿˵ҲܽʯΣɡԺ飬ǺҪǵ顣
൤ŵĸ߲żȻðͷ֮˼
飬൤һˣһ൤һĸȥʹŵĸ߲㣬ѯʴǷԸһж缸Ҳ˿󶴺ĽߵϢΪʯͷöء˫֮һļϣɵĸ߲㣬һͬط룬˿ڵޣ¿󶴡
൤šһߴеյŷǵʯ󶴹ҲãҲãʯ飬ûĸԸ󡣾ʮСɣҲż˽ҪǲǼ룬ǾͲ̨ƻ
ߴҲóԶʳֻЩСҲ˽̶̵һʱ䣬ɽ֮ڣССʮżɣѾͨһؿʯ󶴡
ǧǸ⣬Ҳûܽʯôֵ⡣
Ǹ⣬뵱꣬Ϊ⵼Ļңֵʮɷֱ޿Լܶˣɥ֮±˳롣
ʮżʯ󶴣ȻҪȡһεĽѵһֵķֱСòʯǴ
ɵĸ߲㣬Ϊ˴ʯηֵ⣬ʱһ֮áÿһɣԼķʽʯ㷭
ڣš൤šŵɵĽᵤʿֱӳ棬绯⡣ȷһʯ䷽ڰֵòɿ
ɽʮżɣͬʱԡ롪ķʽ˳

ҶЩ൤ŵӾۼСϣռӵʱ򣬱ѾһЩͷռļӵʱ
붴Ѿ൤Ϲ˳Ϊ൤ŵŵĻ⡣ⷽ
Ҫ˵̾ڵޡ
Ҫ˵еޣǼΣաΧһһס׵Ѱڣ϶вٵ׵ޡѾ൱ڸ߽߲㵽Ųˮ׼
ڵص޵ϳУжǿޣ˭ҲϾǧ֮ǰˡԿ϶˼ǿ϶Ҫ顣
ҶزûжɽĶ̫ģ˵Ҫġռ꡶䷽е֮صɽϵڱţϸֲݣ׼ֳ㹻ݣ
һ׵ѩݣһݲܳ졭Ҫ߿Ʒľʯ
һĽ׵ĳó׹ݲܳ졭ҪĶʮƷʯ
һ׵֥ݲܳ졭ҪʮĿƷľʯ

Ҷݣóʯ֮󣬷ɿָһ㣬ɫʱ䡣ֲĵķ˼ΣóĽȴһɫѾ԰ףãȻĴ֡
ݵƷԽߣյԽ࣬ĵʯȻҲԽ࣬ȫԤ֮СôҲûԤϵȻൽز
䷽ܹнҩģ׵Լʮ꣬Ľ׵Լʮ꣬׵ԼаꡣЩҩĺһ£͹ҲҪһǧƷʯһƵĻԼһǧٿƷʯ
ƷʯԼʮ鵽ʮƷʯңֲһ
ǣܹҲôһǧƷʯѣǿһҪҩܻһЩչһԭϣʯȫһ⡣
ңĿǰ㲻øûκξ£ҪƳɹļʾԲᳬʮ֮һֻܽжʮ֮һ⣬һɹļʣҲʮ֮һ
һϣɹļʲٷ֮һ
Ҷسסˣá˵ڵ֮ѣ죬ԼԭȻҲɱѵҪ˵ͨڵӡ
ⲢӵռϣҲǳϣǳʯϣʯĻԼı£Ҳٷ֮һĽɹʯ㹻ĻʮβУٴΣ޷ͻ
ҪԼɹô˵ҲҪߵҶ붼ĵزӴʯֲ̫ˣ޷ŵĵӽ׵õҪڱڿ鵤ռʯȫɶ֪Լķٶ
ʯ󶴣
ֻȥʯ󶴣ܱע⣬ҵ㹻ʯ
ҶضʱѹһԾ뿪ɽɱȪ塣зɿţִȪ壬˹㳡ֱһ۵˵ԼҪȡʯۡ
Ƿ۵ĵӷһۣûλʦ֣ѵ㲻֪ǰѾֹͣˣ˭Ҳȥʯ󶴡
ҶȻô֮ǰȥ
һʯǰ۵ĵӣϸѯеԵɣ֪ǰڿۣȥ˱Ӫɽ󶴲֮ʦű֪ͨȡţڿԱ
һȥʯ󶴵ĵӡ
ûڿƣ޷ͨɽʯġӪɽҶؿۼھŲʿʮλ֮࣬פرӪɽλڵʦûʸǿдӪɽûкùӳԡ
۵ҶһʯɫŹ֣ѹٺЦλʦ֣㲻ȥʯ͵ʯɣʱʯȱвٵʦֵܶͷû˸ȥҪ뷨ȥĶ߲μӶǿǴʯѾкܶڸ߽׵ӣμֻҪ˶ʲôɣǻˮ㣬ܴӶºüʮʯҪʦ˲μӵΪ߲㡢˲㡢ŲʸμӣҶȥˡһĵӣﶥ۵ķȱȫΪЩ߽׵Ӷ׼μȥˡ
Ҷسһ£ûԥ̵ɽĶôһ£
۵Ӵ۱ϣ˳ҶԼ
Ҷطɿɨһ¡
൤Ź붴ֻļ򵥡
ƣ൤߲Ųӣμӱ
ɱԽࡢƷԽǿõĽԽࡣɱǰһ൤ŵӣÿһΪһ֮󣬽߽ʯ


144 ˿
ҶطɿĽ붴ꡣӣܸȤԱ½½߶һЩݡ
Ķһ͵ʮɵĵӲμӡΪΣԼߣ൤ҪμӶڵӣҪҪӡԸȻȥ
Ѿвڸ߽׵µӡµ׼ȥˡ
Ҷ۵Ӵһ±žжڵĸֲ룬жʱȪ壬ľһٶȪھŽǿʿμ
⣬šλšڳϵŮڣֻҪûģμпӵкķֻнᵤʿƳ󣬸ȫͬһЩʦʦȻЩڵӵġ
Ȼڵĵӣ޷ȫӳֻͷųһɹЧһ֣ҲͨʹʿԵֵġ
ҶزǻЩʦ֡ʦǡԼϾҲ൤ŵĵӣǳԭ򣬲Ϊͬʦֵܡ
൤ŵĵӼȻзôζŹššЩͨĴɣɳڵӣӵзľ
֮ͬ䣬ΪʯɱǼѰ顣ɵĵӣɲ˼ʲô֮ͬ顣ⳡжôգᷢһЩʲô飬ֻ˭ҲԤϡ
ҶŪЩ֮һޱȵĳء֮ôһЩƣЩɸ߲ӣʲôܵõķƾձͨһءɢ޳ƶʿȴʮ꣬ôһǮ
ͼˣسǲҩ˾ռߣǮƳĺͯڵĴͺáҲֻǸеƶѣܸıʲô
ʲôʱʼ
Ҷһ£ʵ
Żĸµʱɡ
Ц
ôã
Ȼˡֻɵͨѣʼжûô졣ģʮһжǵӽȵ׼ҪϺö¡⻹Ҫϸ·ʱ䡣Զһɣʮ֮⣬ϵ룬·ϱҪϼ¡ʮɽĸ֮顣ɽɲһĴ󣬳˵ɽĿʯޣķѵʱֻ¸ûһĹֻ¸˲ꡣʦ֣ڱ
Ҷҡҡͷ뿪Զأʱȡؼڱĸ½׼㹻ʱȥǣҪҪⳡ

ҶػţȪĻֺ깬¥󣬻ڶææµµʿӰɫĮ¶һ˿ãȻ
Ҫڶڻ㹻ʯֲݣΨһİ취ֻȥɽֻʮɣĲ֮ھŽ׵ĸƣӵи߽ͽ׷ʿԼķҲǰӣѣֻеƽӹʿһСģȥʯķݡ
ȥˣɲȥĻԼѾ롶ĵھŲ㣬Ҳϲ˶ãʱң״̬ͷҲǸ
ȴĻᶼУǱƵԼȥðա
ҶزϲȥѰ̼ûȥðյˡװȫķʽɹԸϸʱȥȴʵҲԸμûаյ
ԼƺƣΪһƧԻ֮ӣǴֻͣеȶѡʵȲЩɼ壬ɵĸ߲ӵܡͯʱϵɽɵϰߣԵ˿࣬ʱ̱ŽС΢ȫԼ̵ȴֵʱ
Ѿǧû˽ȥˣ˭Ҳ澿һμⶴҪǱģֻܼ¡ԼڱӪɽķڴ꣬ҲϤһЩ¶ߵЩûн󶴵ĵӣҪһЩ
Ҷس˼ţн
ⶴòȥ
Ҫȫֵ׼
ԼȱٵǷԵȻҲṩǺױ߽ƵһĴķķǿ
ҶĥתȪġȥ
Զɶѡ򵥵˵ĵطȻˣﶼָ̻ôõļƷǺ˻óڻġ
ڣʮľ̨ƳȦڷʮֹԵԵĵԵĽľԵȺͱޡԵȡԵĹʹͽסнΪǸ߽
⣬Сľ̨ڣڷŷԵ˿ססѥӡסƵȵȡԱȹٺܶ࣬Ҽ۸Ҳͬ׵ĹҪ߳ܶࡣ
⣬һľ̨ڷһЩ¯ͷƺ«㡢֮Ӱ˵Ķ;죬ЩҲв١
۵ĶǴδʹùŰɫķӡ
Ůӣվڹ̨ǰ
ƺЩ嵭ֻ൤ŵĵڹۿ
Ҷŷľ̨ǰһǼǮֱƿԡͽ׵ķҪһٿʯн׵ķ۸ǶҪٿƷʯڸ߽׵ģһûУǱˡ
ľ̨ǰܿһλòŮЦ˹Ҷڴһͽ˿ףЦ˵λʦ֣ǵͽ׷ѩ˿סҪҪһ£
ʲôƳɵģЧΣ
Ҷص˵
ŮӽǼ˿ȡ˳Цһѩϣ³˿ʮĴ֮ƶɣɵĵͽзӲסüн׵ķ𻵡㹺һףѩ˿סѩ˿ѥѩϻѩϻȡĻԱһЩֻܹٿʯȪ˿֣ѩʦƳġ
Ҷüͷһ죬ѩʦ㣿ܱΪʦģ϶ڵˡ
ڵĵӣôƳ
λʦ֣㲻֪ô
ŮȻʧЦ͵Ȫѩɽ嶥һںȪȪۻðһֺˮԱȵʿˮԽ⺮ˮϴӲ˿ڵӣҲƳֻ˿ķҪƹĻɽĵصףһڵػȪĵػ𣬽ӽڵ𣬿ƻ浶⽣֮ȹȻڵѶȺܸߣھŲΪĻҲǿ
ڵӦúܶˣƺࡣ
Ҷɻ
ŮҡͷˣǲϺѵõѩϣȪ嶥ѩɽҰģ׽ѡҪֳʮ꣬ŻῪʼ²˿ÿ³˿ռ³Ĳ˿ﵽٽķƳһ˿סѩʦһЩʦһڷ嶥ѩɽϿһ͵ѩɣ԰ӣ˺öѩϣÿҲƳֲ˿ڼ
Ҷһһȥ
Լڷ˿ףÿһֶȫͬĲƶɵġ
ѩ˿ףһѩϣѩ֮˿ɡʺ˿ףԸߣԵ͡
˿ףһҰľ˿ɡʺڼףԲߣǼ͡ڵͽ˿Уϸߵһ֡


145 ش
֮Ȫ壬ߴǧɣ͵ķ嶥ֱѩ
һٵɫӰȪ᫵ʯݣڻѩһ㣬һ΢ӡۣԾ˶ʮԶѩɽۿٵƶ
Խӽ嶥Խ䡣
ҶرĺĶôһ£æԼӳһϵĻ֣ȫѩ硣ѩɽİ;ϣٱΧ԰ӣѩɣѩ֮ľҩģ²⣬԰Ӿѩõİɡ
ѩɽ֮۷ɱҶ嶥һߴɵ¶ʯ¡ʯ·ĺȪʯ϶ӿ˳
为ȪӿʱֻȭͷСŷ嶥Ϫһ·ʣڻ;ıѩȪɽȥγһֱµľ޴ٲճΪȪպȪֲݵϺˮ
ҶؿںȪٺЦЦԼ˿׵ʱڡʱ˿ףĿһûй˿ףֱˡ
ΪλӴŮӣݺݵһıӰƺڱģûǮ죬װ˷ղǸЦ
ҶظоŮӱȵӻֵĿ⣬ίʵƲѡеʯҲһǲǡһľɵľ˿ףֻǳ׵̫͡
׼˼֮Ҷر㶯Ȫķ嶥ԼԶһ˿סʹõĲϣȻϸڵĻ澣ڱӪɽ󶴣֮࣬þ˺ܶı飬ֳ˴ѵĻ澣Ų֪ôء
嶥ҵһ࣬ʮʯݡÿһʯݣиļƽɿɳߺɫʯǳɡ
ȪΪһ֣һɽȥһСЩʯ֮С
Ҷһ£Щʯ˹ȥ
Щʯݲ˿أʯݵţȻƲһгһʯȴֻʯһǳǳķӡ۶ѣҶسһ治֪ҪܽӲʯƽи
оһ£ʯһ࣬һŤصʯšġƿ
ʯڴԼʮɿмһɳĺˮءʯжСˮһСһղ֪
ӦþŮ˵ĺأϴӲ˿ĵطˡ
Ҷؽʯ棬̶ʱеһɺˮɢű˵ĺֱӺȥˡ⺮ˮԶʤʿˮˮϵʿˮ
ʯڣĻؽʯȫա
һĴ򿪡

һĶ׻澣ȫ˳뺮֮ڣݣ⺮ˮ֮ڽʡ澣ǻԣҡһ뺮ˮУ֮ˮˮطġžʯҡ
ҶҲֱϥʯڣӴȡһʶȡصġƪӲ鼮ûȫ˷ѡ
иೣĴ˿ΪķȻҲС
Ҷغܿڷ֮Уѧд֮
ˮڣԴԴӿĺˮû˻澣ͷųĻϢžҲƽϢȥ

ʮ֮󣬻澣ʣˮڻʴȥһѡ澣ƤҶ̣Ѿȥֻʣ¾ǡ

ʯڵ֮ԽʿѪҺҶʵڴסʱ򣬴ϸȡոƳĻƣһСڡһɹ̵תȫһůȥּĺ
⺮ҲкôǱڱѵ״̬֮С
žŰʮһ֮󣬻澣ľǱȥֻʣһ˿һ˿˿˿ЩĻɫӨ͸ÿһ˿ֻͷϸȴǻ澣Ϊ͵Ĳ֡
ԭˮص꾣ľѾֻʣ˿ʱϳ졣
Ҷ˫ָһɫ⣬뺮档һ˿̴ӺˮڷԾ𣬱סһ˿һ˿˿Ծˮء
Ҷ˫ַɿй˿ڰطɿĴ󣬱֯˿סķÿһ˿˿úӳȡҪ֯˿ףҪȡ˿
ҶԵĸоڵķڿٵġ
˿ײű֯˽֮һѾҪĽߡ;ͣ£˿׻ԵĶϺۣʧܡҶ֪ǣ൤ŵڵͨһǼ;ϡ
һˣֻǿš
ʵڳŲסˣԵһС«һڹƣٻָĵķ
ʱһɫӨ͸Ļ澣˿ףڰСֱ˿ױɣҶزһˮУںˮڽݣղܳ͡
ʼ澣ѥ

֮󣬾ļӹһ澣˿ס澣˿󡢾ȡ澣˿ѥѾɡ
澣Ϣԭǳұ꣬ǾµĺˮĽ˿ϵϢѾº͡
ҶؽϣůһʯڵĺҲ˼֡ڼף·棬濴ķ˿ףɢŵĺ⣬ԶγһĹַ
ƴ󹦸ɡ
Ҷ˷֮£üͽ׵ķ򡱡С̡˹ȥӡ۶ûн¡ٵֵͽ׷ûġн׷ڻûѧᣬʩչùн׷ֽ֪н׷Ҳ˿סĻǿ
ڷ˵ûȫʩչ
Ҷعһʱ䣬ԼʯѾ˽£ʱȥˡ˿ף಼ʯҵĻ䡢䣡ʯҡ
ҶССһǣȪŮӣΧһòŮӣվڲԶһʯſڣż½׷ѩ˿ףߴߴ˷ܵʲô
ѩʦ㣬Ƴɵѩ˿Ưﻹб֯һѩϵͼԼŰɣÿһÿϡ
ǰ
ͻȻʯɵתͷȵĳҶؿȥƺû뵽ͬŵСλʦ˭ôû
òŮӣ֬ݣȻһأȴ£һѷζһ˫Ҷء
Ҷǲ˿ڼһۣһƵѩ˿׽йգߡﶼŪˡԼƵľ˿ףֲڣϸ̶ԶԶ磬ÿԣȴǲ˺ܶࡣ
⼸λͬʦ΢΢ͷɫ糣漴ѩɽ·ȥ
òŮӳͬʦã߰ɣ󲿷ֵͬʦֵܶѾˡнһʱ䣬ǸոƳѩ˿ףڸϹȥûüμ
ŮЦŵͷʴƮƮһͬɽ


146 
Ҷѩɽȡһ鶴ơ
ЩԾǣ൤Ų붴Ĵ飬Ѿʮʦ塢ʦĴ£ʮǰǰɽɽлϡ
൤ͷݣȫȡһաʣһЩμӶǻû׼׵ĵӣҪȥɽĻֻԼȥ
൤ŵɽ˷ݷȥԼҪ£ȥԼҪһ¡Сɽͼۣ˴൤ǰɽ·ߣ·û
ϢҶһԼѩɽʯڴʱ̫˺ʹһͬʱһݵͼᣬϽ޵ûʣ·ݡ
Ÿս޵ȴ޵һƬ
Ҷ߹ȥһŷ֡ڸ߽׵ӱһߵĴƽʱڵķô࣬ΪʲôҪʱȴһͷݶûˡ
޵۵ӿƴͣƽϢ⼸λµӵŭ
ѱǸصĸ൤Ҳͷѣڵƽʱĳáƽʱ÷ݵĵӺ٣һ㹻ˡڵӴģĳȻˡλʦ¡
ҶϷһ˿ЦȻûзݣֻ·ȥˡ·ɲһĺ߰·;ңԶ˵ޡ
ôźá
⣬һֻ֮ŮӣɫҴҵĽѩĵˣҲոոҶ󣬴ѩɽŻصɽţ޵ȥ롣
ǽʧ޵Ѿûзݿ衣
еӿ⼸Ůӣ໥һۣʱ¶ϲ֮ɫڼ꣬ЦЩ˶ûиʱ򣬲һ·ɣ໥ҲиӦλʦÿôˣģˡڰ˲㡢Ų㣬·㹻Աˡ
֪⻹⣬ǵĻУֱӰѸղŽڵҶظųȥˣȫûпһ
ѩһ´Ҷضһƺ׼뿪޵˵ﻹһλʦ֣ƺҲǴȥμһ·ɣһˣҲӦ
ҶҪ뿪޵Բɶһ٣ͣû˵ʲôȴĬͬһ
ųͼλͬʦֵһ·ϾɽҲϤ༸λͬиӦ
Щǣ֧ΨһԵˡ˶ͬġеƺò͵Ĭĵӡ
ӲʶҶأĬͬ룬ЩáǼŮӶͬټһˣȴ˵ʲôϵĲȴʮԡ

⣬һЦ
һݺģ꣬緢Ĵͬ߽޵
Ҷվ޵ſڣһÿɫܿµӡǬҶضһӡ൤ڼŰĵӡ
ǬҲ֪ΪʲôԭЦĿƵģһµӣҡڵĽ޵ڣһڱҪ޵۵Ӹǰżͷݡ
޵۵ӼǬɥʦ֣ûˣ
Ǭһ㶣ʱȻŭ͵һĹָ̨۵ӵıӣôûˣҰǰѾͷϵȵ㵱ӵĻǶ߷簡Ӻò׼ıûзˣŲӽ㳢ʲôΪɶ졣
޵۵һæֵʦ֣ɹֲңĻСҼǵһ׼ͷݡҪǼͷݣǰ챻ʦֿˣҪǿȡߣס
ʦ֣ĸģϼλɣģϵǶϣﵽӲˣǬʲôɫһ䣬˼䣬漴ʵͨķأͷ
ûˣʦȡˡ
۵޶ңʹԴҿǬɫ
Ǭŭ۾۵ӣðΣŴӿĳһ仰ģ˸ô֪ȪԤȶ˼ͷݣҵĺ£ǹҪҺÿ
ͬµӣ׷ҡͷȥɽҪ£Ļ۸·Ҫޣõʱ䡣ܼܲʱϵɽǸ⡣ǵ˵ʱֻ¶Ϳʼˡ
ûзݣǷҲûС
Ǭӻû޵˿һһȦͻȻѩĵˣ۾һ¶һЦѽⲻȪѩʦ𣿶ˣʦǰʱ˵Ǽѩ˿ף֪ƳûУʦȱһأһҰɣ
ûУ
ѩ˵һ䣬ͼŮ뿪޵ӣ漴뿪ҶسĬ棬޵
㡫
ǬѩĸӶᣬ൤֮ӣҪ÷Ҫꡣƫƫаţʲô鶼˳ġһ̳Ʊʦּ˸ˣȪ͵͵ԤõļͷݣСӸˡŮӣҲɫ
⻹ϵĶոմĺ飬һ͸ˡԱһµӣ۹µһתһʦ֣Ҫǡ·
Ǭ⣬һ£ҧ߳޵
ߣһɫƣ˻ΪԵǺǵģ

ɽռĵ̣ʵǧ֮һ󲿷ֵط֮ɽ֣ڶ̾ᡣ
Եϵ޾Ӷ࣬еϡ١
ԭܼ򵥣ϵʿɽİգȥЩǣ뱻ЩʿɱȻ١ޣɭֶѨɱʤɱʿ벢ᡣ
ҶؿǹԼ·ǰ롣ȻͬУѡͬһȫ΢һЩ
һаˣȫʩչУ뿪൤ǧﷶΧ֮ڣšɽͼϵָʾɽʱ·ҰɽҵطסӪ⡣
ȫû뵽ǣŸո뿪൤ɽʦѲ߷ΧǱ㱻һ˽סˣ˲ǱˣһֱβǺǬµӡ
ɰּˣͬʦֵܣлҾͲ೶ˡλʦãǵѩ˿׶ʦҴ˴ƽ֮ǰĶ̬ȡУǼСӣֵгɣ
Ǭվһʯϣ֣ǰȻŬװһٷģϧǸݺƻ󣬺һͷվʯͷƵġ
µӣվھʯ£ʵҶ磬˫ֱأϷ
һ׷Ե֮ࡣ
һͷǰһŭԵģȻͬţ㲻൤Ź洦𣿡
ǬһۣޣķҹʲôأŹ棬ҽռ¶ѡʶôƾЩˣûʸμʲôΪǵķЦڰõʦҲμΪʿ֮ٲ͸һЩô˵ʦһˣǵĿɽǴӴʦǡ
Щµӷ׷׸Ŵ̰ɣϻҪ·ȥأ
ͷһۣ׳𵨣ߵƾʲôҪ㡣ΪµӣǾͻ㣡ǣ߿аأ
ƾʲôƾҼͷӸҵ
ǬٺЦһĴ̷ɳһö糤ɫСͨʣˡöС֮󣬻һƯĻƯǬָ࣬硣

Գϵĳ
С˾
ǼһۣԺȻ˺˼֮Уûж־ѾȫȻ֮⡣ѩĵŮӣҲͬɫ䡣֮£еֵܵġ


147 ɽ
ҶصһѹǬ˸ţ뿪൤ɽɽӵѲ߷Χסǵȥ·Ǭ̣ˡ
Ҫ֪ͨ£µӶͬΪµӣʤġµЯļǸֱ߽µ䵽·硣ǬķһƾⷨµӺʤ㡣
ҶطɿĳͬźǼλʦʦÿȥѾȻɫɥʧ־Ŀ¶ù֮⡣£Ҫ˵ӮǬˣԱ¶⡣
£ҶȻܳȥǰ档ɿɨһۣѰ·ⱻסܿ㷢еӣʦãڰĳ̽飬ֻͬŻߵĴ㣬һϾȻĬ
ǵôˣλʦԼѩ˿׽ʦҶ֡ⱦɲŵģĺܣȥҲƲסһСˣϸ첲ȱȵģɱʦûѰ
ǬֲǱСɽĽеļʦܣһõˡ󷽣Ͼɱ顣
µӶʦϲĿҫ໥һۣЩΡ
ߣ
ͻȻ֪˭һ̻Ϊ˵ٵӰӣɢ൤ɽȥ൤ŵɽѲ߶ӣлӹһ١
ģһȺСȻܣ
ǬҫԼķһ£ƿڴ̷Ծ¾ʯµӷͷ׷Ǹѩģȥ׷Ǽȥ׷ǼŮĺеģ˭˭áɴ֮˭ָǡ
ϣʦ֡
µӼ˷ܣÿһĻⳡɸаա
Ҷһ㣬Ϸɱȥܿ췢ԣԼû׷ͷһ׹ǬҪѩ˿ףλʦǵĽػĿꡣеһֱվǰ棬¶ĿЩµӰǸˡԼа˸µӣǬǱֻ߸µӡְ˸ܣպǱµǸʣµˣǬ׷һˣ׷ϵļǿ϶ܡܲߣҪˡ
ҶػͷһۣƼѩĺǬ⼲ݡ

СƬ֮Ѿɢӡ
һƬɽʯС
ѩɫŵʯмٵĴ󣬶һ糤ɫâ׷𡣶ڵ˵ΪԵͿɺ޵ĵطǿԶ
е齣޷ǬǬȴɵ÷ɽ
Ǭ׷ںԶƴ׷ţһٿǵɫâĶסѩġٶȻ޷һ¾׷ѩģɽȴѸޱȣҧסѩġ
Ƕûע⵽ǡ
ͿգһѩӰӣϢŵ΢
ҶԶŵϢЧϢҪǿϼ֡˲ͷ鿴Ļ޷ʿſķԡ
Ҷزĸں棬Ȼƾ̡ǶԾ޴ѩıǮƷܹ֮Ϊ׼Ȼж֮
ȻɱǬֻҪϸߴɣ빥ΧǬҲֻܸɵۣ޿κΡǬͬзԲǬҪⶫֻó׷ɱǼˡ
ǳǣҶزŸҸڶ˺档ǬҪἸԱڶиаգֺγ뷨
Ϊʯⶴڿ϶Ѫޱȣ֮ɱٲˡ
ڽ붴֮ǰǬԷôⶴУ㲻С˸ɵӵзĸ߲ӵܣԱ֮Ϊһĵʯ
ԸǬӵɸ߲ӵܣȶԸЩǿƸ߲ӵҪ׺ܶࡣ
ҶضԷɽɵʮ֮İȫ룬й۲졣ҪҪֻ֣ܼ£ɽǷ˵
ѩܹǬ֧Ŷãһ㲢Ŀ֮Сⲻ顣Ͼ൤ͬڵӰǧ˭ҲΪһռͬŴԼᡣͬţ߽ʿ׷ɱûаյĻҲͬóȻȡ
ѩʦã֪õһѩ˿׿϶ܾܿʹϡҿɲʦúһ𱻷ɽ̳һˡ
Ǭһ߲ٿŷɽһ˷ܵĴţл˸һЩ಻Ŀ⡣
ҶЩơһʼڣǬֻǴ󺰴Уŷǽвǹ˵ȴûֹ
ҶزΪǬ޷ֻⷨװǻơϾǬҪȥμӶҪûмˢӣҲȥǬһһĳвʼղɽֻɽܵ޵ĵط
Σѩ˿ףҷʮѪռõĲ˿ű֯ɡɱңҲõѩһ߳ˮ˿δֹͣͷ޺޶Ǭһɫˮ˹ȥ
Ǭл֣ˮӲˮˮƲ˻֣ȴǬٶһ³ٻ
ǿɱҶɱˡǡ
һǬɫһȫɫâ͵һ£̶糤ӭΪһһĶ̽ͷѩһն˹ȥɽĲٿ£ŷ룬ɳɶ̣磬ɡ
ǬΪھŲ㣬޷ɽ㹻ǵһѣԼӳʮ֮һѾ൱ĳ
һ߷ɽѾ㹻ǿᡣ
Զʮ֮ҶأҲܹоһơ
ѩ̸оһɴ̹ǵĽɫȻ˲ٱֶΣеһݷಣԭʧܹһն
䣡ɽѩĵӰײʯڵһɸߵľʯһ½ʯķ飬ѿ
ǬһУջСΪķɽʱ¶֮ɫܿȥҪ̽ѩĶݵȥˡ
ÿһιķھŲΪҲԸʩչĺĽԼķûаѶָɵȰԼķľˡ
֮䣬ѩĴʮԶʯ˳Զȥ
ߣƲԳԷƣҵҪѩʦ㾿жݷãǬЦһ壬׷ٱзɽٶȻΪһɫ磬ѩĻȥ
ȥ
ɽٶ̫죬̫
ѩĽŲֱֱܲ󣬽ݲұ䣬æˮǰͬʱˮǽ𣡡һȣһ޴ɫˮĻͷɽ֮䡣
ۣһɽ͵һͷˮĻˮĻĴȴ˿סɽƣһ¸͸

գ֮䣬ѩĻǰƷˮϵˮɽܼĻڽ齣ͷҵײâ˸齣̼ѣΪʮˮƬ
ɽˮδˣѩϣأʱΪҽ¶ѩ׽۵ļ֮ڴŵһ¾ѩ˿ס
ѩ⵽ɽһԶһѪڵϡѩ˿ף⵽ɽһԵѺۼմȾ޵Ѫѩ˿׻ס˷ɽƹֻҪɽأֱ䡣
ѩѾͷô׷ѹӿѪǿشһԾ𣬳൤ɽȥֻٶټһ룬Ѿ֮ǰ
ѩʦãʦɽûô׵ֵġǬڵϣһУջطɽĴЦ
ҶϢķʮԶŸղһĻĹԾ


148 
ǬеķɽлҪǿϼ֣һ֮£һˮϵǽһ½׹һ
ѹǬаգҳ
ҶҲӸղŵĹУɽ㡣Ǭÿһι֮󣬶Ҫݵͣһ£޷ҿǬģιѾķȥ˲١ɽķٶȣֻ±ߣò˶ٴΡ
ҶزսԼ϶ûκʤ㡣ԼֻҪһǬͻᱻɽĽʳƬǬķɽĹĻǬҲΪ塣
βܰǬķĹ⣬ǹؼ
ҶĿ⽥˫ѩ̡뵽һԸǬİ취취ʧܣûɱǬĻΨһİ취ӣжԶܶԶ
ǬҪ׷ѩģͻȻоԣƺһ˿ɱһ٣͵ĻͷֻʮԶĵͿգһʿһԾ޴ѩĶţϢ
Ǭһܿع

ַȻһ۾ϳŪ֣൤û˻ƷֻЩרɶơѪʱȥɱɽɱޣŪһ档ͷӸѵһ٣֮УǿʮٱҪ⻨Ūķʲôãûɱɷޣ֮
Ǭɫ΢䣬ʿһֱǣȻڲŷ֡ϸһƺеӡ󡭡ղţǼмСӣֻһֱû̫ע⡣
Ǭеһ˿˿ѹſڴֵĽкСӣȻзңһ
Ҷһ˫ֵ̣ĮĿǬбԼã
Ǭŭô£еµӶˣоԼϱһǶһֱܴ衣϶ʱŤŭΪϣҾɱ㣿Լɹֲĳĺ
һӣһɫâǣеҶء
Ҷ侲ĿǵĽâɵһʱ򣬲͵һ˫
ӰѾӰʧ
ǵɫâڿжӰһɱȴһա
ҶٳֵʱѾ˲Ƶʮ֮һλ
ƿ
ǬǼ˼һʧһڵʿôʩչ߽׷ϵƿܣ˵ʿʿҲʩչɵĿ⿴ҶǶԾ޴Щҡѩ
ţǬ뵽һܣ¶ľϲ
ǷϵһʩչƿļƷеĵͽ׷١Ҫټеⶴжٸܸ棿һ϶ܹ֡
ӻ˭
Ǭϲ֮£˿ʹɽҶ͵ɱȥҪ֡ߵѩģѾȫԺ󣬲ǵˡ
Ҷһ˿ЦǬϵʩչƿңǰر仯ŷλܷɽĹɽķٶȣҪʩչƿķٶȡ
ƴģܰǬĵ
Ҷûּ򵥰취ǬķǬַĹ죬϶֣һֱȥ
Ҷشõģе̣ѰʱǬзǬһҲӲ
ǬҶأѪļ֮£ȫɽԽ׷ԽΪһٵɫ硣
ɽȻٶȼ죬գʮԶϧȴӵСƿļƷΪķټķԵ˲˼ĳ̶ȣ˫һıȫ˲Ƶһλӣûκιɿѭ
ɽɵٿ죬ҲҪת䣬ҲҪʱ䡣ɽͽ޹ڰ׷
ҶڰʮɷΧ֮ڣɽˣת
СƬ֮ҶصķɿţѾĹ롣ǬӲ֮һֻ¶ûˡǬԥǲǼ׷ɱȥ߻˵ʱ
ҶѾɫâһ߳ٻϣĲǬһɲǵԥ
˫ת۵㣬תת۵㡣
ҶڳˣһƿͻȻǬ͵˹ȥǬʣ಻ķ
Ǭ֪ʲôԼĻϡҲʩչֵҶصĹ˫ּ⣬͵سǰץȥһץס̡ץס̣ȴζӹһ١Ǭķ֣ķӿƣ̸ߣǳٶȣϵʩչҪ졣
Ǭɫ
ʲôȻСϡŹֵԭȵķľϲһɨգȡ֮𾪺ʹĵðһ˿־塣
Щˡ
Ĵֻ̣ҪڹһС򣬾ܰԭѾʣ಻ķĵβʤʱҪ˵ֻӵһӵʮټҲûκηʩչֻ׸
в֮£Ǭ˫ֵס̣ʶݰɫâ͵˻أҶصı
ӵķûôףȥɣ
Ǭ˻ߵĿʶ֮£ɫâߣһǰİɱ˻ҪҶظɱ
ǬʶٿطɽۻأоԼƺһ飬һʱȴû
ҶظоǹɼٱƽǿҽȻͷԽ侲ϵɿ֣̣͵һģٶ˲ʧ
ǬͫУӭһƬҫޱȵɫâԽԽ
ˣĴȥͼóʲôֵȴлһƬհףܵĽ̻ӵȥ
꣡
ѩ׵ײϷɽѡɽɿϮ˺ǬĻ֡

ǬХ
͡͸ѪɽǬ˱ķɽʳĩнŵһҲ⣬Ƭ
Ǭһ飬ڵΪȻǿԷɽȴղסơһ֣ǸסɽĹԼϣԪûܴӳԵķʵһɶ
һɫâû˿գֻǣ˴Ŀѡɫâʧȥʶƣҡһ£ָСڵϡ
ҶطڰУĿѪȵһĻڵϣһɫЩ԰ףݽߣղǶ̶̵һսȥ˾󲿷֡Ӵȡһ«һСڻƣָ
ҶЪһǬĵط߹ȥϧĿһȫѵַ̣ǸöҪҵⶫɲô׵ˡѩûôҡ
Ҷûκʹϧ̻ǬһֵõġһǬķɽҶƲסľϲһУǱԾС
öСԣɫ䣬ղסС
ҶʶɨӣǬ΢Ϣû˵ķϢЩ֡˵ԳϵĳԳϵķϢȫûС
Īʲô취ԳϵķϢˣпܰɡǬôŵõֻ֮ǰ취ԳϵϢǬԷʹ
Ҷزõʲô취ǿнѹס봢С
Ҷػ˼һ¸ղŵսЩȻ
ǬȻǱԼķɽɱҶس⡣һʼֻŰǬķĥǬ޷ãӶǬѡ
ϸһ룬Ǭ˼С
Ȼӵзɽȴŵֻŷ׷ɱɽŵ̫Զû̫עطĻᡣⷨɽȻٶҲ죬ȥҲҪʱ䡣
ɽһֱǬԵĻ޷˵ȥǬķˡ
Ǭڽַ֮һĴڷߵʱ򣬾֮÷ɽֱӵͷɱ˻ɽʧأԼɱˡǬǡɱȫԱֻ»ûôɱ
ǬˣĴ˺ѣһЩƷľ󲿷ֶʯ鵤ƿֽ֮Ķɽ׵ĻΪĩɢѪС
ǻжڵϣδɽ顣һн浶һ½ܣ΢Щˣʹá
ҶزĽ봢С
ʩչ˼򡢷УڵϣеѪ򶷺ۼյպ൤ŵĳҵطҲŪ﾿ʲô
Ҷش֮󡣳൤ɽһۣѩѾԶƬʯַʲôûе˿޶֤˭Ҳ֪Ǭȥˡ
Щ֮Ҷһ·뱼ȥϸһ˿Σͼͬһ·ȫһЩģΣյޣû뵽ͷһǰȥ롣


149 Ӫկ
ɽԲΪʮżɹ֮ɽɵ°˾֮ڡ棬ʢҩģأԼɽϿȵޣΪ߽ߵð֮ء
ɽĵΪأɽڷߴǧɵĹ·洦ɼϪȺڶࡣЩϪ֮ڣŵϿƣϿ֮⣬ͬʱ԰ټƵĹҽҲЩСҵͽĿеʥءܴԽϿȣɽ߲ͨ
ɽôûģû֪޻ûȻɵĵӣͨҲֻԼɵĹ̶̷Χ֮ڻǳȺж
֮ΪԴݵ㣬ûٻƴÿͨиԹ̶ľݵ㡣µԴضᡣ
ʱ֣˼ɽ֮С
һϿȣһѩ׵ӰͻȻһԾ𣬼ٶȴϿϿһɶڶϿұϡȻѸᣬʯ϶УһнһɫС
ౡ
Х
ŹһСͷ˶ĺӰ⼸ͷԴͺգļɫ۾ͷ޵ĺ𣬾һϬצа೤ɵᡣ
⼸ͷͺһ޳һȣһ쫷ƾն𣬺Хȥ
Ҷһʯ϶ڣ֮ûһ
Ϊ˾ϵ룬ѡĵ·ɿϿȣͨʿȥģ·߲СϿȰշɹʡ˴·ʱ䡣
鷳ҲСһЩޣϲϿȱϴѨ
Ҷظղʱ򣬱㷢Ͽȱкüʮͺ޳Ѩ
ʱͺ޴ɹ
۲ʱץסһ϶ĻᣬչɹϿȡ
Ҷڵʵɱͷס׵ͺޣǾԲǴȺͺ޵Ķ֡һͺճѨֻ
࣬Ƿٶȿ첻Щͺգֻܶⱻ֡
ҶؿһеǱⲻסܿƵСЩա
СѾõüˣȴʼ޷ͨĿơ
ǬʹúµķϢķϢųⷴӦָ磬ӰʹЧ
˿ɫѾҶطɿ뿪һɽϣһСѨϥԼķȫעɫС֮ڡ
ɫСʱǣһ࣬ѤɫâʱţڰС
ҶƺһٶȿעȥɫСͣһһķŴ
ΪǬϢҶһʮֱ׾İ취ԼķһһȫĹעɽ֮ڣϴɽÿһϸ΢ԼķϢǬϢ׸ǳϴ
ҶÿȫעһηǬϢᱻһݣÿָɽҲΪһݡѧֻǲ
Сʱ֮
ҶɽĿϢйţҪʮ죬ܻǬϢ˵Ѿǳֵˡ
ϾǬⷨãҲʹ˼ζѡԳķϢֻĹҲ޷
ڼҿ϶ԳϽǬ֮ǰ϶ʲô
ʮҶɽɿĴУϴɽϵޣɵաϵޣ̻ص棬ɽδ󡣰·޶ͳͳ

֮Ҷذšɽͼϵָʾִ롣һɽ룬ɽʯҺ֣֪ΪιͺͺģֻһЩϡɵĲľӿк׷ط
븽УޡȥĸʿҲ
ڵִʮɣѾΧѰһƬɽƽأӪկӪկ˷˸ֽ󷨣ɵ졢죬һоսζ
ʵҲ⣬ԴоսʿС໥սãо˸廨ŵŴ󡣷͵Ľ󷨣һּ򵥵;ѡ
ʮӪկڸһ壬ÿ֮ڵע뷨ǸɴʯϣƴӪկ㱻һ֮УȻһƣж֡
Ҷ֮;żɵĵӡ
ڱϣɵ֮ǺܿЦǺǴкֵͬһ㡣ʵʲôȴ˭Ҳ˵ֻǵĶӲ֪
һСŵ˵ѲСӣҶ˵໥֮üĿţҪ֡
Ҷ׼ɫаСȻܹеļŽɫ¶һں⵽Χ̬൤źʦ룬Ǵ൤ź͹ŵĴսҲ֮ǰ⼸͹ȥ൤ŵԵ޹ڹʦʲôӦҿɲұ֤
СӵĶӳҶץסüŴ⴫ٶȼ죬زס൤нᵤʦɫ΢䣬̹Цᣬᣡź͹ֵɣô͹ͻءλʦԱ㡣ǶӳɫӲһ֣ѲСȥطѲˡ
ҶذСɵĵһ£ɿ뿪
ٸɵĵ棬鷳СıܿѲСӣСʱ䣬Ѱҵ൤Ŵһ޴Ӫء
൤ӪկΧҲвٵѲСӡ
൤ŵӪſڣʮӣҶضӪ⣬ЩȡӪկѾʮ죬ʱ½½һЩӴڸѲߵӵҲΪ棬ֻǵǰȴʵټ
λʦܣһɽ߿ǷǳΣյİûкͬһ
аֻǰ·鷳ͬʧɢˣֻԼһ˸ˡλͬŻɡҶʵĽ͡
ǼӼҶصƺƣȷ൤Ȫĵӣδʣ൤Ӫկ
ӪկڣһӪһڵķ죬סӪʱڵʦʦģ϶вڵִ֡ûнᵤڵʦҶˣ֮ǰŵ˵ǷȫϹŻ˵ġ
Χ⻹һЩСӪʣǲμӶڵӾס֮أ㹻ɽǧ֮ڡ
ڶµӡµæµ췹Ϣ׼ǵװЩӴڰ˲㡢ŲϣԳƵǱڵеľԾ
ҶؽӪկʱ򣬲ͬŵֵĿһֻۡҶصò̫ͨΪȥҲܸߣû˭ʶ˼۱û˹ġ
Ҷһ˵ĿӪʣָ·ĵķ൤ŵӪկܹġ
ļ죬ƽ¡Ϊʮߴɵ˻ûе룬м·ԶС·ϣ޷̿ʼֻȵšֻżɵȥӪկΧޣ޳ײӪ


150 ټ
ʮ죬ʮߴ½ִ롣ɵĸ߲֮ҹ֮󣬾ʼ֣붴ڵޡ
൤Ӫկ޴ڡֱվʮ൤Ű¡¡ɫεʿ࣬Ϣ
ڴϣȻ൤ŵţɫ£Ͽκα顣࣬Լ³ϣЩ˻߱Ŀ裬Ц
վ׵ģʮɫµӡЩµӣΪձ鲻ߣм߲㣬ЯҲЩƷΪģȥ඼ЩǣûʲôǮơ
ԼЩºĵӡ
µӣ൤Ųμζڵеľ񣬺еĺġŵƣĶ壬ϴϵŮ桭κһóס൤ͨӳĽɫ
ЩˣǴӳͿʼǻûд̥Ѿʼҩֻ̥ҪһǱǳƨ֪ʱ򣬱ѾнӽһΪˡҩ鵤Ϊĳһ鵤աǵһ㣬ȱ˸ߵȥĽչ֮٣ȴ˼侪˵ĵزʮõھŲ㣬ɵ顣ЩĻʮܵھŲ㣬µʱ򣬰ֻṳ̋ڵżϡ
ϧ۵ĵҩļ࣬һеɼҵ
Ƕ൤ššʵȨĴЩ߲˵ҩھŲʿȴϡƽ顣൤ɽɽ֮ڵҩԾҩЩÿ˶һϵȵҩԣðײãϹʮ꣬ǴѵҩԼʣһЩЩãʣ´ࡣ
Ҷվʮµӵм俿λãüͷ΢΢ͷ˼š
ʵЩƺͲ⣬ЩһֱӪկڣûʲôǽ첻֪ΪʲôһִµͻȻ˵ŵҪټҪʲôȫ֪ôִµӶ
ͻȻټһֵ顣
Ҷصľ
ڱμⳡ֮ǰҶؾһЩģԱ뷨
൤ŲμӶڸ߽׵Լ֮߰ڡԼ൤Ųμ֮߰УֻҪСðͷֵ͵Ļô˵ҲǰȫжСĻᲢ󡣶·ϴǬжһؼʱܹķҶظǿԱġ
ҶӪկ֮󣬿ȺµӡµӶڽĵȴŽжʱ򣬸ǰġôˣֻҪˮ㣬ԼɵĻ˭ҲϡֻҪŽ붴ߣѰһʯС
ŽͻȻټҶش⡣˵ĬĬ۵µӣ߰μµӵУнڵĻᡣ
ֵ飬ƫƫͷˡ
յõϢʱҶľţǲɱǬʱ©֪ͨˣ߻ǰʦԼ޶˻ɣûдЩԶΪЩ飬ֱһʦһµټô򵥡
ǳЩҶʵ벻ߴ֮һ൤ټԼ
Ҷشӵɻ󣬽˴ʡ
ֻʮµӱһټʱ΢һЩټôˣ϶һˣΪʲô飬ʲôж
ҶϸЩµһģҪΪûΪҪûǲμӶʵһӡЩӣԿԿ඼ɢ޳ڻĺܼѣûʲôң֮ٶȻҲ졣
Ҷɫһѿʱ˰أоЩͻȻټһСʵĵӣʲôʵһֻмֿ;ڻңնǸһЩصõ÷ͨãҲá
ǣҶƲ⻹ûеó׼ȷĽܿ㷢ָλţţԼϵŮ߲ºĵҲ˴ڣƺҪЩµһж
⼸λºĵӣȻȥڻҡնҪɳһźʸɲɼµӾԲ
Ҷһˣ²ⲻźʦ˵ͼʲôһСȺȥʲô
ɨ˴µһۣµӶǸ߲ӵܣɷǳҳϣѵõľ񣬶µȻЩȴϢ룬
΢΢ͷ٣ִȫóġ
ųλţԼϿһۣҲ׷׳׵ͷʾģƻС
żʦֵܶͬ⣬һ£λǶ൤൱ɫľӣΪ˱δĻҵμĶⶴΣգǲԶġ
ҶذԸ̣ⲻ۾ϹôȺʲôʱ൤ŵľˣŹмκһ˶û
ҷģϸŵÿһ仰ĥǱص˼
ŰչĆһͨ׻ؽⳡ֮ԶŽ⣬
Ŀ󶴣ǧ֮ǰģռǧ֮áеɣһ֪ǲӽ֮ǰСӵ̽ӣ붴֮
ЩˣǾλһͬ飬ѡľǵȽ붴ߣ̽޵ķֲѨڵȻĵǣѰҵͼᡣǧǰʮʯÿɶרŻƿͼԷڿ󣬶ֵͼͨЯڸפڿĿͷϡǻὫڳÿһһһʮĻڵͼϣյͼſ󹤽ڿΪ޿̫ͻȻԤףЩͷⶼ˶֮ڡЩͼļֵǳܹҵǣŪǧ꾿һЩʲô顣
ֵͼᣬԼʮݡ
ߺСһΰвĵӶǲȥֻǲЩһӣð붴֮ڲ̽Ȼʦ㱨
ȻȲϧðⶴߣǾǵģΪرȻ൱ֻҪжÿ˽ʮڸ߽õ鵤ֻҪ˶ڵÿ˽һ½
˵Щʮƽ
ֻҪҵһͼֽᣬһǾٲ˵ġ
ʮԭʹԴΪԼѡ̽ӣеޱȾɥµӣһ̧ͷĿޱȵļμⶴΪֻҪôʮ֮һٷ֮һĻһԾΪɵĺĵӣһɨʮңõ֮ǰ붼ĴǾҲˡ
ºĵӣŵĻȴޱʾһۣٺЦ


151 Ů
ŵཱԼΪؽµǾϲջԾʼ˽Żµղ˵ǷЦҲֹۡ
µӼšϵ˲ܣе
Ҷػм䣬ͷŽţ˼жжķա
ͻȻһµһļͷʵλʦܣô飿λµ˴֮ھ棬Ҷһֱûò
ҶػͷһϤĺһλվͬŵӣʶȻǰһͬŵĴ򱦡򱦻λá
򱦼Ҷأͬһ£оҶؼ죬üͷһ£ͻȻޱȾȣ㡫һͬŵλҶʦܣɰҲμⶴҪ߲ʸ񰡡
Ŀ̽һҶصΪĿɿڴھŲ㣿ŵʱǼǵҶصΪҪһЩҲû̫ע⡣Ŷ̶꣬ڷѾһΪ
Ҷض򱦵ɫϹһ˿Цǰʦܣ֮ڴ߲㵽˲㣬Ҳͦġͨʿûʮ꣬ɸһ㡣֪ʦ⼸ǲʲô
һ£գգۣת¶һźЦѽҶʦʦɽ꣬Сĵ˵ô΢һЩҶʦǲԶˡˣ˵ǸЩµһжɶ˼զͿأͷ¶һʮֲɫ
ҶһЦһﾫƵģб꣬ײżءҲûƣֻǵ˭֪ءжʱȻˡ
򱦻װ̾Щ޿˾ǿͬŵʦֵܣպǻ໥ӦǡҶʦʲôôʦҰ
Ҷû򱦣˼УѾ΢ŵλ߲ͼ
˵ĺһЩǸ󣬸߷ж档õĻڶʰȡͼᣬõһҲпܵġ˵һЩЩµӶΪһ붴ߵڻң˲ģܻ¼˳֪
µǣǰ񿴳һ޴ĻᣬǰԼڻңȫ˵뷨ˡ
󲿷µ϶žϲܣֻ¶ǰ񿴳һᡣ
ʵΪһ붴ߵڻңôҲܶġ
ڵҵǧǰڿĵͽʿźЩźϿ϶вٵƷ֮ࡣȻδʲôöǶҲֵЩǮڻǰЩװԼĿڴû˻ָڼŵĸ鵤ȵȣõĺô϶ҪȺ붴ߵʿࡣ
Ȼɵнº󷢷ţڶ⽱ɾͲˡ
ҶĿеµһۡ
ڵʮµӣмŶʮ꣬ƤЩۣ󲿷ֶʮϣСģЩ˴󲿷ֶǳɢޣЩһ˥ģҪΪûΪҪûƴ׺ޱȡ
Щµնڣûм᲻Σաֻջ̫̤ϵԵΨһ;֪ΣգȴҲԸ˳ж
Ҷز̫Ϊһ붴ߵӡšźͳϵ̬Ѿˣֻ˳Ҳûôס
żµ໥˺һȴû˳⣬ͰЦˣȻλ飬Ǿɡһһǲ֧СӽĶڣÿˡӵĶӳλµˡԼˣȻú׼һ°ɡ磬ʮߴͬʱǲ̽붴ߡ
µӷ׷¶ϲɫ˰죬ΪѡԱŵĶƣŵĶȵȣЩеλĸ߲ӣµǰѡһжĶԱ
߲Ÿտʼˡ
ʵϯƿһŮδκֱͨ˽
ڶʱһ׷׳ſȥ
ŮŰɴ񣬿ݡǱɴ֮£ױˣӦǶޢ䣬ֻ²ʮꡣӯĳ
ơ塢ŮӶһ㶣æ˵һ࣬ЩнʮĹּʦ㣡
µֱɵˡ
ʦ㣬൤Żһλʦ㣬ô֪ôһ£
ŮȻᣬµȴֻǵĵ˵ͷδйʾ룬ŵ΢΢һ񣬵λʦʦ
ţλţмλϲæźǺЦʦֶŮڱչؾôͻȻ룿
Ů˵Ϊȱǰμ
ŸЦһ£ǳΣգʦֶŮð붴²סиʧǼλ岮ɶ𰡡ʵʦֶŮҪĻֻҪһ仰
ŮضŵĻͷ֮ǰѾҵ˴ǩ״Ըλ岮ͨһɨ˴һۣʦƺڰһжܲμ𣿡
ŵ
ǰӲϹɲǲӦ
ŶͷϿʼðȻʦ嶼ûǣðɣʦֶŮѡλµӣ磬һ붴
Ůһµӣһ£أҶԽȥС
뿪˴ʡ
ź༸λһۣ޿κΡ
µɫĿŮȥ뿪֮ԵһȻλʦǵѹʵС
µӶоȴʶȤû˸ҿųΪʦˣ϶Ǳŵĳһλʦ棬ɲСʸʵġ
򵥶ˣԴӿʦ֮µѾѡԱģʮµӵʵˮƽС
Ҷء򱦣µӣϴ֮ŮȥˡŶڵӶһ֮ڵӳ˴ʣΪ˶׼
Цĺ棬ֺõܸʦ㣬ʦҵҡʦ㣬ղλʦ˭ô֮ǰû
Щµǰ̬ʮָ߰ټòޣ׷߼࣬ͨеһûʲôɫ
죬Щ㲻Ҫ֪
͵һԴٶʡһ˵ﲻסʦ㣬ǰ붴ߣЩôŰ
һ붴
ʲôΪʲôң
򱦴ʧɫ
һЦ컬࣬ˣ˭ϣѵλʵʦ𣿿λʦܣʵ仰Ҳ˵ʡ
ҶػһֱĬųµӣЦ졣̫죬һСײʦȥˡԶʧ⻰治ͷˣ򱦱޸ɵ֮ǰٲ̫ԼİΣ


152 
Ҷء򱦣µӵˣ൤ӪկڵһСӪʣ׼䲢󣬴Լʮ˾ģҶػҪСһңһɸ߲ӳĸ߰ĸµӡ
ȴ˿൱ֱ˰װ͸ЯƷóһ飬໥֮Ҳöÿ˵ʵ̽鶴ĳɰܣϵĹӰܴ󣬲
涢򱦡
Դӱͷ֮󣬱ɥһûɡʦ㣬ҵȫҵһƷ鵶һƷʯһСֽûˡԼĶóһȻѸ˻ȥ
沢δ⣬תͷµӡ
µӴͷβ൱ĳĬԼһ¡
һ˽ԣڰ˲㣬Լʮꡣ֮ʮֿΪ¶â
һտףھŲ㣬ǸʮĿͷͷҰףû˵Լʲôһ仰ΨΨŵŵĴϰ䣬ˮ˺ܲˬ
˼䣬ûᡣ
򵥵ļʣ˻ͷΪʲôҪμⳡѪȲпĶ
൤ŵĵͨһֱʦڣʮ֮ǰûϣûڵʲôְִλĻôͨᱻߣ뿪ʦš
ͷѾʮ˾ˣڴʮ꣬һֱûʲôλڿ϶ҪɨŵĶ붴˵һλᡣ
ʵ޷ĻôֻǰһΪ൤ſ֦ɢҶѪȥִ൤ųȥĵӣõһ൤ŵ洫ҪٶȼʦҲס
λ׼Ķȫÿ˶ļͽסнһСķֽʮʯǱر֮˺ܾõĸ߽ʿмнûзǹ¡
ҶһóƷˡ
һ£óһн浶һн׷ֶܡȻǴǬģǽ̯̻õ˺ܶ࣬û˻ǵ·⻹ʮŵͽ׷ֽ߰˿Ʒʯ
ҶعţƷ붴֮϶óãûҪĿǰʵҲǺϡ
ڻ澣ӡ˪ӡͽ׷߽ƣЩƷҶûóѹ׵ɱﵣԷ⡣
ڶﱣסҪЩ
ңҶظҿ϶򱦡ԡͷǼ϶Ҳ˽Լɱóࡣ
棬ûдԼĶóλµӿǶӳԼˣڻҵµûҪ֪ôࡣ
ܿ죬ʱȥСӳԱ໥˽һ£׼ϡ
ʱ֣ŵȼλڵʦ塢ʦŴӪկڳټ˵һǰ붴֧СӣԼɴŮʮӡ
״ŵԴ졣
һĴɳһֻаƴСķһСӣƮڰС
ǡ
ָСȣңңһӣһȡ
ǱƴСӣ쬵ĳշȥӭǡת˲֮䣬ǴʮɴСԲգһƬӰһ硣
ǾҲ֪ʲôƳɣ񣬹Բá֮ϣ˲ٵͼƷ䣬ЩͻȻûΪɽˮգۼֻûΪݣڵޣ໥˺ҧ񶷣γһУʧһеıãעĿ⣬·ɾһ㣬̲סһ
ΧڸµӣĿɿڴʶñµӣȣ߽׷ǿһ
ɣȥ룡
֪ʲôʱѾӭͦھȵļͷƮƮ˵İȻ׳ڵĺȵһ𾪵µӸѡ
ڲμĵӣ׷׷ԾϷȡ
ҶĿ⽥ǷȵУͻȻʶĺݺݵҧһԼ촽ҧѪȻ˹ȴѾһ亹
̫󣬳ιۿ֮£Ȼ֪б
Ҷزٿа룬Լʩչȫ䷨֮£ҲֻǴһ࣬߶ѡŵĹ˲֪ٱ
£ĴСһԽĵĲԽ࣬ʹʱҪĵķҲԽ࣬ӳȻҲԽĿֲ
һʮɳľȷһ£ƾܰھŲʿĳ⽴
Ҷ֮࣬һθеʿĿ¡
ЩףΪʲôԵôߣһϧȥϿȣҲҪ취ɡΪĲԪΪǿ˾ηʵһʿԵǣ˾ηޱȵʿ
Ҷɲ֮䣬˿˼
ԴӼ൤֮ǱֻԼԪĸãϣֻʮˡμⶴžͻƿԼĵھŲ㣬һƿϡͿˡ
ķ棬ƸȨơŮˣûȥǹ
һֱСҲܼ򵥡š
ΪСĲСŴƧΪһڷ˵سǣҩĲҩáΪ˻ĳãִԵǡִԵǣ൤š
֪УԼѾھŲʿΪԵǺ͸ҵĻѾ㹻ƵǶˡ൤ţɽһֻϡһĻᶼûС
ɾһССҲʱɸ߲ҪڻңͲòӲͷƤڻҡʲôƸȨơŮˣԵùݳޡ
ţκлٿԼ
ҶĿ΢죬Ѫ˿ĶŰǱʮɵľȣаġ֪Ҫһ㣬ǳѣǳѡɽ磬ֻи߽׵ʿʸԼԼ׵ͽʿ֮ˣµµ֮ڸ߽ʿӰ֮¶ѡ
ǣѣҲȥϾֻôһСҲܰϧСɲñڡΪССҪǿʵ
ҶظµӣԾ˾ȡ
ĵӼĿⷺ죬ֻǹ˷ܣ˿û뷨
ʮ¡µӣȷ൤ŴӪկ
󣬼ϣ׷Լķ򷨵򷨽ǷȣΪɾͷʣʮ¡µӷ롣
൤ŵӪկ·̲ԶԼаʮΪ˱ǧ֮ǰһͻȻ޿񳱣൤ŵӪկӪկűôһΰȫ룬Էһ


153 ʯӡ
շٶȼ졣
СƬ֮൤붴߽ʮ¡µӣŵ˵£ɵɽ¡
ķΧԼϰ﷽ԲƬطҺֲľϡ١˾ǣɽϷֲʮߴʮɵľʯ滹ŸصķģȻġ
൤֮⣬Ѿ߰˸ɵĵеִɲۼһ𣬶ǷֱһʯĸȻɵִ
൤ŵĵӵִ֮һʯĸ
ڵӣΧʮҲΧ£ľʯ
ӦþǷӡɣǧǰʮһھʯ޿񳱣òߡЩʯӦþӡĸߣֹɵ붴֮ڡ
еȥ鵶ȥһǾʯּӲޱȣһ죬㱻
Ҷֻһʯɽʯϥ£ʯָղŵķٶȼ죬ڰγɵ缫ǿңòֵֵ磬ЩķڼҪѷ״̬С
ҲܿӾ˹׷׸ϥ£ȴʼ
൤߲ŵִܿһЩɵĹ¸߲㣬ǰݻŵˣЯڶ֮¡
Ҫ֪ɽʮ߼ɣ׽ԶбгҲ١Ǵ໥ݻϣܿһЩߡ⺮ѵҲ٣ĻֻЩ߲ͨǺѿ
൤ŵԵСɶи߲һĶవʾʾԸЯ֡ŵʮֿ߲ܣһһʾͬ
ҶرĿ˷һЩЩ߲ʿ֮Ľ̸аЦⴿڷܡЩ൤ŵڳ֮ǰɴûŸָʾ˵Ҫĸ֡һ붴ߣ棬ɱùܶԷǸɵġ
ϣֹ˼ɣԸִһ׵Ŀ֮ڣɱ޼ɵֻ±ɱ֮Ҳδ֪ԼǱ˭ɱ
ԼСʱĹʮ߼ɵĵӣȺִ롣Ȼɶһξ룬ҲķɵĵӣѾ໥Եʵ
ߴɣɳĵ࣬Ҳ
ţɣ޽ϵҪԹΪԼʮŮʿ˾ǣǾȻ£߽齣鵶ɫᡣĻֻеĹԷ
ţɣϵҪԷΪԼʮŮʿЩӶŽɫɫļԼ䡣һͷǽ򶼴á
൤ţɣľϵ࣬ʮӡװϣҪһء൤ŵӵΪձϸߣ󲿷ֶھŲ㡣ź͵ŵӵΪԵһЩܶڰ˲㣬ھŲĽ١Ͼ൤ŵóΪ
⻹Уš칂šȱšĴɡ
ţͬɣֻŵź͵ŶͬƫƸߣųơ֮ɡԣҲź͵ŵĵӼЦΪ
칂ţַͨ󷨵ضᡣ
ȱţڵӴŮʿǧģòеĿϾӣǷǡͬҲɣˮϵƵ˿Ϊͨ档
ţԦɣẒ̇ЯŲٵ޴ŷݣǰμ硣ڶЧòãȴ˵ˡ
ߴɣɽ֮мƾõɣУ𽥻ʵ
ߴ붴̽ĵӣǲ˶ʮʮڸ߽ʿʮСɣһЩҲ嵽ʮʿ
֮൤ų뷢һХ붴ʽʼХԶԶĴϰ
൤źʹţζϵټߡ
ųλͳϵ˵ͷλʿһͬƮ𣬷ڰС
ķȳһף״ֳ̬һʻһʮɫķ绡ÿһн֮Ѿγɡ
ȥ
֣ʯָȥ
ʮ绡նЯž޴ƣܼʯ
쬡쬡
һʯɢȥʯϵ̦¶ԭòȥһСǶѣ
൤ŵµվԶԶԶĿţŴͣΪַʮн׷绡ն𾪣ʮ绡նֻҪǵС
ǸΪʯǿʯҲ̫Ӳ˰ɣʮ绡նȻն
Ҷذ̾ҪԼн澣˿ʯͣμⶴҲһʧˡϧ˿ֻ°ϼ޴ķ绡նҪȫѣ޷ȡͻȻӿһе뷨ʯ˼Ӳ˵Ƽ
ȴƺԤϣɫƽžʯʯǵᵤʿµķӡԶڡǧ꣬Ӧû¶λʦܣҺʯ
ǣʦ֣
ڸͳϣӦǸԴ䡢зɳĵ貵Ľ͵ȡƳȳȵ߲ͭʵ˿һ㡣
ʩ
ʿÿһڸ߽׵ˮ׼ǵķͬнס߽׵ķڰУ
ʿͬʱȫʩһʱ䣬ַڰйʶĿҫˣɫ䡣µӷ׷׺ˣҿ
һȣ߼һͬ͵ʯȥ
䡪
ھʯϣâĽʯ
ÿĴһ£ķУĺХųʯȥ
ǽ𽣷ֱײھʯϡÿײһ£ʯ϶һϸ΢ѷ죬ѷѸӿ
ľȣǻûΪһھʯϡ
ɽҡ룬طͬĺ¡
ɣͬʱڻӡʯ
Ƭ֮ͣϢ
ʯڸַ֮£ڻûܳסмѣȻѸٺȻ
󣬾ʯΧʮ֮ڣɫʱһ䡣
ڶڵĿߣɽ֮¶ڡЩ߶ǧǰڿµģʯӡ֮󣬸ڣΧɽʯһģһҲȥ
ʯһ٣ĶҲ漴¶ԭò
൤Ѿ׼ĺõ֧̽СӣŷԸһǰɴŮ򵥶һһǰ
Ҷڽ֮ǰʯ֮µһʯһ󣬱ˣֻͨʯѣɾʯ˼ӲʯļӲֻŵķӡԵˡ
濴Ҷں棬ߴ٣Ҷʦܣڸʲôأ
Ŷˡ
ҶظϽеʯڵĶǰ


154 ʯҾݵ
Ҷ߿ڴʱ桢ԡͷλͷĵӣѾڶ߿ˡ
鵶վڶ߿ڴź׵Ķ߿Ҳ֪һЩʲôյޣзëһʱԥš
ȵŸʲôȥȥҿҪȥ˻еһС򱦽
ϣϾͽ
򱦾ηǱСӦţĥĥ߱ԵŲȴڹԶ൤СӡȻ֧СӵĴͷ󡣿СȽȥĻҲ׳׳ӡ
һСѾļ֧СӴӸ߿ڽȥˣ΢һ㡣еһ鵶Լһϵķ֮׼
ͻȻԶһһҽСȽ붴ߵ൤µӣɫ̵ֻĴӶ˳ޣи߽ޣ
൤Ųμڵܣ
򱦶ʱһӲɫŵ÷ס
ҽȥ
潿һһŷ򱦵ƨϣ򱦸һ˽ȥ򱦲ҽһڷ붴֮С
ȻϢһƬš
桢ҶءԡͷˣڶţŵĿʲôҪûʲô£ٽȥ٣Ҫ򱦳¡ҲÿǿǶԲǲǡ
һС洫򱦵ĵ֡ޣһǧĵùܵˣûӳȥǸϲżʯͷ
򱦱붴ڣƺſڵϺһҶӦ˶ڵĺڰûʲôΣյ֮ӵŵߡûޣɣ
˻һۣ漴һһ붴֮С
ͷڶȥŵҶصģ
Ͽò˵Ҷػռһ˵ġ
ȻҶڻңҲб
ǻļһͷ
Ȼֻ֪ΨΨŵŵĿͷܲͷ˵ڶ
ٺԣ̫ǫѷһף˵
ʣһҶأȻͨǱλôûʲôطģȻ˵ġ
ҪʲôΣգҶؿ϶Ҳģʱ㹻ˡ
ˣҶʮֽСĵĴŶڵĻʯڶǿڳģӪɽĿࡣһɵ޴̱ζ
޹⣬϶ӳ˻ֳ֣ٴһЩĹâ㹻ڵĵ·ˡ
ҶЩƣߣôûһͷ޵ټĪÿߵһ
ͻȻһͣһͷһһ߱ű¨Ŀʬ泯Ŷ߷
һֱӡţֻǧµʬˡ
Ҷذ£еĻ浶һʬȴʬϺͱ¨ʲôû¡
΢΢һüͷʬӦöе㶫ǱȽ򱦸ȥѹ򱦽֮󣬹С֮ųʬˡ
Ҷز΢ʧȻɽͷðߵķգȵȵõĺô϶򱦸ռȥˡҶҲûСϸȥֻҪƽƽȵҵʯˡ
˽˶߿ʮԶȴδޡ
򱦾һ龪֮󣬿ʼǴ˵̤֮;ʼ˵ɲһĺãڸĴƯ죬쵽߲㣬¶൤ţ൤ڻ꣬Ҳûȥֵ֪˰˲㡣
ⶴҲûʲôΣٹģ˵ӻ쵽
˵ĵ⡣
ûϹ֮˴󲿷ֶģϡͿġ򱦵˵ȥƺȷЩǿⶴɣȻûзκ޵ټ
ǲǰߣڵһ·ͨߣȷ
ţȻԿ˵ɴѡ·ˡ
򱦴ֳмĿһָ˱㳯еĿȥ˴ԼϰɣǰһΪʯңʮˡ
ӦǿʱϢĵطʯʱڿա
̽ͷ̽ԵĳʯһۣûʲôΣգ˽ȥ
ͻȻ
ۣ
һ״ʯ߱¡
Ŀкâһһ㣬һٶȼɡ
һŽɿ֩򱦸ղվ֮ţ֨֨Ĺֻֽë׵֩룬ɿ˳趯צӣɫ۾µתţ׺ޱȡһֻ;޴а˴СһֻҪСܶ࣬ԼһԴС
ޣѨ룡
򱦵ͺһֶŻķֽһ˦ͷСҳͬʱֵ鵶͵سͷͷ̳
ͷ΢СĶѨ룬öըĽɡ
һͷĶѨ룬ס鵶һͱĶ˶ϡ
һ๦ȴ붼ûж룬鵶ҲҪˣתʩչƨŻһ
ܳԶ
ͷڶϵĶѨ룬޴ĸһһĵļ˺üͻȻأըһĴָСС룬֮ڵǣ飬ͷƤ飬ˮĳӿȥ
򱦴ӿͷһɶ
ͷĸ򱦵ĺ棬ȻƵһܵȥˣüͷľګĻϸһĨЦ
ŲæĴӴóһű˿˦һ׶ڸס
ȻǼϸܡ͡ЩͷС겻˶棬֨֨У˺ҧ˿ϵһЩСҺ塣
żһͷıԵ϶˹ҲͷִС
ͷĶ漴ͣסͷЩСסˣƮ˻ȥɴ۾˿ͷɲһѰŪģ
ͷɱΨΨһЦֶС޷ǳ࣬Ϸ׼мϵƵġ˿ٽٷ㲻ˡŲ˵ɱ޶࣬ܵõôϷд׼
桢ҶصˣѾ
Ҷؿ˿˿в죬˿ľ֮ͬֵطʹãȴʺҲˡͷʵǲ
Щм˪ţǰ޶˸ɾ
ͷ򱦶
ͷ˿һȺֻСסһճһŻҽʣһЩ©С룬򱦡Ը
ʯڻһͷ׵СѨ뻹ûԣᱬһӵСޣҲ൱ʿʵѡ
ھŲ㡢˲ʿͬʱ֣һͷ׵ԶѨ룬ֵֻҪСı𱻶Ѩ֩סУҪԼǿ֩鷳
򱦽鵶Ҳ˻ͷڶϵ룬ڳ鶯йն⽴
ʯ֮󣬴һĿռ䣬е⡣
Ӵȡʮ沼õС죬һӣʯͨڲ࣬ǲáȻСϵİװһƷʯ
Ĺڣʯǰͨڴ֡
Ƿڣñŵƿֱͨڡµ޷׹ơޣҲҪʮ¹Сǵһʱݵ㣬ɹ˿ءһΣգص˴ֵ
źӵִ֮󣬽ｨһȹ̵󷨵̣Ϊŵáױɺ͵Ϯ߰ɣȥѰһʺϵľص㡣
һ£ǲ֪ڵ;
Ҷء򱦡ͷԵ˶໥һۡ൤Ÿ߲㣬޵İŴʩ൱ܣЩµӵлҪϽɣֶο϶Ҳ򵥡ռʯ㣬ֻѶȲС


155 ʧ
뿪ʯ֮ǰͷõϸİͷѨ³֩˿ĴǡĿƿĸĶڣδѣȻüСƿԼƤӣֱװã봢С
򱦼״űӣЦͷ˵ôĵĶҲܵˣȥռ
ͷ̰һ˵Щ˿ǣѣǿĲϣٵʯϷһͷҪǲϸ㣬ԺӻôЩ˲ûٳɶ࣬ԺҪԿ
ʮֲмСǮʲôͷҪǮǡ
Ϊͷһ˿Եʣÿͷ򱦲˿ǰ濪·
Ҷأη档
ͷѨ롣Ȼû˵ʲôԴ¶һ˿̵пԿȵë׵ĶѨ뻹ǺЩġŮӵԣŷߴھŲ㣬Ҳ޷ִĵðľ塣
ǰʱܶѨ֮ޡ
Ҷر棬ԷͻȻðޡ
ҶضŲ޲ֻСĵĸ棬ʱעԼĶϢ΢еûһʱĻͷһۣҶػڣŰġ
ðһ˿ɣҶϢһʿԵ׷ˣĿܲʵΪʲô칦
ֻǣÿһߵ飬Ҳöʡ
Ҷں棬ȴ˼
򱦺ͿͷλȻһϲԼãһϲװϿʵԲǰ棬Ӧûʲô⡣
ûʲô֣˭ϹϾģҲЩ͸
濴ȥһСƢʮ㣬ڳһϳɵĶӳģֻмȱʵսһˡʵӦͦǿϾ൤߲ĺµӣҪйҪзҪзԿӦǿһ
֧ƴڻҶ飬ʵеġ
ҶذԿЦҡͷʵ֧СҲֻеȡ൤ŵĵһ붴ʮУʵģֻǱȱȽǡʮżɳĵһӣҲȥ
һڵصϣһѪȵɱֻԱ⡣
һļѡ
ⶴлģ϶һСʿ
Ҷһţһʯʱ̲令ֺĵķʩչ档ѵ״̬ʱ׼֣Ҫұʵ
Ҷڵ֧СӣСڿһ죬򱦺ͿͷʮͷޡȽײߣʰɡŽ룬ֿޣʼöĻ޾
һ㡭·ˡ
ʯھʮֻң鵽ǲеĴеСһתһҹաÿûж޷жǸߡ
Ȼ˸ְ취ڿһϸ΢ķǺţڵһСӣĨһҩζ֮࣬Լ߹·
İ취˵㹻λڰ˾ŵʿסԼ߹Ŀ··
ǣµЩǺţȴ֪˭ȥˣķ򣬲µļǺšǶʱ߶ȵľ˿Ҵ⡣
ɵģ·ĵӡ
һĿвٵĿظ˺üΣұǱɵĵɾģûа취ջǰǸԺʧ˵·
ڣϴЯˮʳʡŵãԼö£·Ҳû̫ķ

ʬ壬£ʱһͻȻһͣʬ壬Ǽʬ壬˾
Χȥ
Ҷ漴һǰ⼸ʬǰɨһۡ
ӷϿСɵĵӡ
ɽŵˡ
һ߻󺺣ɽĵӣʬױһ⽣ڶɸߵĿϣͷԲ۾㵺ͲšӴĲλϿȻǱ˴ӵ͵ͻϮɱġ⽣мǿƼЧһٴ͸Ļ֣ڶϡ
ߣȴ˺ŤһһɽĻӣһŵĻµӡʬ嶼Щ飬Ĩ⵽ʮĺǱС֮෨ǿڵ
ƶϣֻǶ˺Ťһ֮ߵԱͬʱҵļл˶Ǳġ
ӦǷһ̴ܶٵս˫һսˣʬ壬ʬûüȡߡ
ɵӲ֪ȥ򣬲֪ηȴˣΪ໥׷ɱûʰȡЩ
ҶĬĬţΪ֧Сַ׺ݣеĺ
ȻʬϵڣҴȻҲڣȻ̽ȡƷֱӹϷˡ
Сÿˣһŷֽͼʯ
Ҷصõһ½齣
ͣŪõһĿ˸
ǳΪ˷жǲÿһ֧СͨᳬˡѾˣ֧飬ɽӦûŻĸһɱĿ϶ܾңʱָһ˵ֵϰʯҪȥһңܲܽǴסƵĻɲ࣬ɱȿͷһ㲻ֵǮòǿˡ
ͷ򱦵ļɫһ죬ʮֲһ૵˵Щʲôֵһ򱦵飬ȴûзԡ˵飬ɲҲ
Խĳɫһϸһ룬յ˵ͷʾͬʦ鲻ܵõҲðһҶʦ֣㿴أ
תͷҶȥ
а
Ҷس˵
޷ֱ淽ֲ֪֧Сӵȥ򣬸޷Ѱҡ˵ȥ׷٣Ҳֻڿתѡ֧аһɽʿСӣԼ͡˵ߴɵĸ֡Ҫˣٲһҵɱ
СӣƺܲǸûʾ˾
Ϻ˪һԳȥ
ӼʬķǸɽʿСǴ⵽ģֻʣˣܴĿǴԭ·˻ȥ
ԼߣǵĿԺܴ
ͷߣȻĬ֧ͬɽʿСӵ׷ɱֻ൤ź޵λڻҵӣû֮ͬ£Ȼ׷ɱشĸˣȻûһ˹Ĵڡ
򱦣ͷһۣһĨЦ⣬ĸĺ档


156 
ͷ򱦡ͷԵ˾УҶص˿ٵȥɽµʬ壬Ѿǰʱ֮ǰ飬ɵĵѾ뿪׷ϵĿԲ
ҶػĸǣʶԼĶԷ׷
׷ɱСɵĵӣСĵⶴҵʯƵǣѾ붴߽һ죬ϣȴûܷκʯټҲ֪Ҫⶴ߶ҵʯ
ҶضԴѾ׼൤ŵıӪɽ߸ʮ첻׶뷽ԲȱӪɽҪ̫࣬ڵϼ£ҲѰ顣
Ҫһʮ߸ɵӲĿУϼ£ɲǼ򵥵顣һСģСȫһʣ
Ҷزòʮ־СĽ¡
ţͷͻȻֹͣͣǰŶϸһСһ䣬ϸ˿СӴ
ǰкüͷ޵Ĺµ޳Ѩ
СӳԱԶǾȻһ
޲£ܳһͷޣҲָɵһ޳ѨĻǾЩֲˡȺһӿϣխĿʩչֽţֻתܡܣûʲô
С˼ͬʱԼķϢҲҷţ󳷡˽ɣǳѨеԶˣ΢һ
ʵʲô޵ĳѨжͷ
һ£˵һСѣͷ޵ĺµƺǴɽޡͨɽ޶Ƕޣһףɽס
ͷϲۼ׿ǺöɱˣۼƳɻҲǸ߽׷ҴֻףʩչԽʡķ
üͷϵޣۼ׼Ѱķƿǵۼסצ쳣ķ⼸ˣҪʰǣֻҪЩۡ
ЦһСѴɽޣһͷ̣ͷͨɽޣֻһͷ׵ĴɽǻЩġ
ҶرһڵתڴԶԶۿǡҪ˵ǰǸ޳ѨĻ϶Ҫ棬Է͵Ϯ
Ȼܼȥ
ҶͻȻһݣһΣӿͷ͵Ļͷ󷽵Ŀȥ
һӰӣӿ治Զһ£̱˻ȥ
ҶصǻȻһԾӸղſŵĵط뿪ڿһλö£һһ糤ѾУԾԾ
ֿеĶ̴ͻ֣˭Ҳ֪ǿֻǿĹ֣һ־Ҫľɱݲ˿ı
ҶͻȻָߣһ亹
ǸӰʧ֧֮ٵСӲûϳ֡
ҶһѰ˼ܿ׹ǸӰӸղĵʱֻҲûзⶴתڴȿˣȻ֣ΪϾ˻ȥ
Ҷап֧࣬൤ŵСӣסˡǰһ޳ѨȴһСӡ
壡ѹɽŵĵӶˣǺܿ
Ҷۿź󷽵ͨǸûйֻ»ԥ侲˼һ£һ㣬Ʈȥһƣָָ
桢򱦵ڵ˵޳ѨҶشƺˣʱ㵡
侲һۣ̽Լȡ˵սǴǶЩţϾǽڣ״κμӶСӣߵϡ㲻ã⻹Ϊ붴ĵһѪս
ѯʣǸɵģ
ҶҡҡͷûпˣֻһĹӰһ¡ҹӦǶԷǰ̽ӣղⷢҵϢ˻ȥҲĸɣǿʵƻԥҪҪ
ڿտڣ˽ʱ˿ûж
ǻ᲻Ѿˣ
Щͣȥһ
ȥ
Ҷһס
üͷɻĶʲô
ҶصĮܿһ塣ԷʬꡣȻӺסڡֻҪ棬ߡһֻ·ߣһðմӺȥµǼǰߣðȥһСѵޣֻҪ̱ԴӺɱ˹·˵Ǳɡ
澪ȻҶء
һŵô죿
Ҷûлش
ȴٺЦ£ܸɶͿ˭Ȱ಻סŶˡ𼱣ڶСܲܽǸһѡ
ƮߵĹսǴڵϰһһСĲܹе˸ס¶˵Ĺ֮£Ǳɡ
ͷ壬Ҳʾó˿ڿϷʱԴϷ£붴סһס
⼸ֲü򵥣ֻҪöԷԭͣգ۵Ĺ򣬾ܱǸָɵ˵򵥶׺ݡ
Ҷؼ״ͷ
⴦߾أȻܿɵµһ壬˵ҲδؾȫǻֻҪǼĵĵȥżģ֧Сӡ
ϾͨܶɵĵӶܴ澭ֻ֧СӻﾭɵĵҲ·ôܻܿȴⷴǿɳ֮
Ҷؽ澣УĬס˭ֻ²˵ֻҪܽȴ붴һʿסԿ϶еǱɽ㹻һٽԷ͸ģ淴
һ£ҶڵļӲʯϣýһСΡڵʯǳļӲйעڵĶÿֻܲҡΪ˱ⷢڵļòһͣЪƬָ̣
༸˼״Ҳ׷׸
岼ú֮һʱ޻ڽȫš˼΢ĺϸϸ֮⣬ҲûĶ
ʱ䣬ھ򶴱ڵĹлĵȴ֮˵ܡ˵ȴǳе飬һչؾ
ֱʱ桢򱦵˶Сǲ뿪ˣһӰתڴһˣɲ֮ƺһ£ûҽҲǵ
˶ʱڳС֮ڡ
ǸСӹȻû뿪һֱǱ档ֻǣ֧СƺҲûԤϵ֧СӾȻԲٶ̽
ǸһİӰһ£ûпκӰ˻ȥ
һ
洫һЩ΢Ʈ˾ŸӰڿת䴦


157 ŵ
ҶؽĿʱ䣬ڳĿڵĲڡ
۾Ƴת䴦ֵĲػζĺӰӣа˾Ÿ֮࣬ܿǾˣʱֽűð亹һʱ侹Ȼ벻ô졣
ϳˣǴŵĵӣֻǲŴִڵΣŵ֧СӣȻڿڻϵһ𣬶Ҳƫɵĸպð˸ĶһСεľ·ϡ
ҶԸоŵ桢򱦵˵ͺڼӾ磬ֻͬ˲Ծп־塣
Ҫ֪ɲμӶĵӣԼڰ˲㡢Ų㣬Ϊϲ࣬ʿ൤ʿ˽һͬһ
壬ҸɵŵһӣԷҲǶˡϵĲ̫޵ĳѨЩŵĵӣھӶûطӡ

ŵİ˾ӣѾ˿ת䴦ʮֽת䴦ͣδ档
ĸɵģһ΢ɳƵӵת䴦ƺǸ죬ʻ֮䣬Щϡ
һӼ乧κʦ֣ˣʦܷһСӵ˽ȥˣǼˡ̶̵죬ǸܺϢ֮ɱһޣĿߡʱǸɵģǽ֮󣬱һֱûʲô
ǸɵĶ֪һԼô죿ɳƵƺЩ߳ǵһ٣վתڴ溰
ǸɵֵܣǴźĵӣκһλ˵ҴŵĵӣֱӳǡɣЩģҴҲΪѣˡǺҴ޹ϸɣһǳȥڵжɣٺ٣ǾͲ˼ˡһ֮ڳʱĻֻܵǵжɵĵӽйˡ
൤СˣȻĶ
൤źʹ֮䣬ûʲô̫ĶԹɵĸ߲֮Щ顣εĶ൤źʹŸ߲֮һǣͷеģɼһߡ
Ǹκôһ˵ҲûԵɡ
Ҫ˵Ҷ˿ĶǾǼٵġŵĵӸɵǺûӵľֳȥͶ֮䣬ǿ϶ѡͶ
Ҫǣκ˵㲻κ˵㻰ת۷ˡǳȥǲͶȥװˡԼСȥκ˵㲻ǿɲԸ޴顣
ԥһ£κڴŵĵλƺλܸߣƾź൤ŵĽ飬ͬߵĻཻһ˵ô죿ҪҪȥ
һЦκĻ˵ǳȥһȥ֪ôġԸȥ޳ѨûлҲ߳ȥ
ͷͬأţ׵ĵ¿ɱʿƵģ֪Żὲʲôɽ顣ҪǰǸɱˣ൤˭֪ɱײɱҪǸκģ϶֡
Ǽԥıܾ뷨ʱ
ô֪λŵκʦһСˣҪŷأǰװ״뿪ĻᡣҶʦܡʦܣ˳ȥ
ҶسĬ
֪Ǹκ˵㲻Ψһ֪ǣԼҪκƾκһ仰ǾԲɡ˵ģԸȥ޳ѨһûлҲԸ߳ȥˡ
쳣ᶨҡҡͷ
ǲȥԼȥ
ʵޱȡڶʱ൤ӻǰϹϾ˿ҵԴӽ˶֮ȴʼĴεš
ǵ˭ͬĿ˵ϸһ룬ҪҪȥĸȻûһͬĿ䲻
⣬κϲĵ൤ŵʦǴκκʦ֡ܲǵˣǰʦݷù൤ţżʦһ棬һʱΪˣĽѾã񻹼ǵʦõݡ±Լˣˡ
Ǿ仰ȴŵ˵ġ
ǣκʦ֡
ڴŵĵӷ׷׻ӦOO@@ĽԵıʣƺ൤ŵĵӿս
Ҷؾȣ濴ȥ
κģʶ
򱦵ͬ׷׿棬ɫЩŹ֡
ϸɻ֮ɫȻǵκʲôˣϸһͻȻȵˣǰдŵһݻᣬ˵ʲôŵԣף˫ʲôġʱһȻ붼ûͻؾκʦ֡λκʦ֣òǴŸ׵λɣ
棬ɳƵϲЦ£Ǵκ֮ӣŵԣԲ֮¡û뵽ôãʦûǵ£µҡȻʦһܾ£´ûзʦõĽ֮ġ֪ʦÿɷƼݣҴŵ£ضӭ
룬̧űȥ
Ҷɫһȵȥ
ܲţ
һȥȻǴŵĸ֮ӣĸ߲ӵܣʶˣɴΪأаնԷ˺ԼĻĽ׷ߣȻܶôˡ⼸µӣײ˵ҲҲ£죬ͷǱš
Ҷ¶ŭɫ֧СмʵǿһһߣСӵʵ̴ȵҪ˵ЩŵӶԿֻ޳Ѩȥ
һֱȥ޳Ѩ޳ѨǱߣԭġ
Ϊͻ֮֡ûг·ΪֹˣߡǿԴȥͨ˴ڵǻΪһ޳Ѩ棬Ǹ޷̽
ǻǼϻ֣ٶȳȥϧޣӲ޵Ĺлߡͷ׷ƨɿ죬ܱȱŵĵ׷ɱҪһЩ
Ǹûг·ֻ鷳ʹˣĳΪ֮û֮·һޣе޶ԼѨġˡĹǷǳģǲò⼸ͷ޶ݡ
⼸ͷ޶֮ϻҪعͷŵĵӴһǸʱǵķģŵӣǱϻס
޳ѨߣĻռһ롣ӴžŵĵطӲƴȥĻἫ󣬴Լа˳ɵųɵĿԻȫ
Ǳ߲źã
ҶĶ񻱳ӰĽŲоŲҪˡ
ɿ˼š
ʱ䲻֮࣬߳ǰðһķգֱӸŵӴһ߻Ƕһ޳Ѩߣǻܲߡ
ԽΣ˼ԽĳĿ⣬һֱδ򱦡šɨȥ붴֮ǰҶ˵ʵûаգǾܹŶáͷӦû˸


158 ·
߳䴦Ҫŵ˵ͻȻðһɺסĻ־Ȼûκ赲áմСȣ֣һСѸ졣
㡫
ʧɫҪеһɽȥǷɽŸշȴѾȫɥʧĿƣڵϣɽҲС֮һڵϡ
С˻ԼܳҵĺоΣ겻ķӯˣʦҿ˼꣬ԸԳˡ
һݵĺϲһǰһѽĽסʱȻ̰ŮɫȴҲ֪ڲʱĳŵһ֡
ɱʣµһ
ڴŵŵ໥һۣȴûһ˶ηĿźźԼɴСȫס˿Ǹû취ȥ
κһ㶣ʶ⣬æһĺ«ŹĺѸ
ⶫҲĺܣǴŵһŮʦ͸ģһαһЩƽʱ᲻óáҪΪ׵շСˣ᲻áղŶԸ棬ԵѾȥ˽֮һҡȥĲ֣ȻڣķʱĿס

ҶĿ⣬һֱĽŲзɿ㡣޳Ѩߣûг·ɵĻԻӲ壬Ÿĸһ
ҶҧҧѡܹԼܻķ
߲Ÿոһ̤תڡ
Ҷر͵شŵĳ޳Ѩ򣬼ٳȥѾƵ˽ѵأֻܶһˡ
򱦼״һ㶣֪ҶǴ޳ѨǱߣ̷ϡ
ĬȻ򱦵ĺ档
ͷ棬ת䴦һۣߵת䴦ͻȻһɺסϵȥһһţɿĸ򱦣Զˣȥ
ЩɢޣǴɽײ㣬һһƴɱģͷһɺ֮ϧһдۣȡ·Ѿǵıܡ
˽ԶҪӽ޳Ѩʱ
Ҷȫ֣ϵĽɫâ̴šţ̱㿴ϵһɰʯľ޴ѨͷĴɽſڳѨϢ
˴޳Ѩ޿ɱľһСѵĴɽޡжͷͽС̣һСޣͷ׵ɫۼ׵ĴɽޣԼһͷͭɫۼ׵׵Ĵɽ
Ҷɨһۣ࿴ٴμ٣ӳѨȥ
򱦡š׵ȸȫ񱼡
˻
ɽȷֳѨߣѨֳצӣĳץȥ
ɽޣϵޣצӵĹۼ׵ķǿΪϵޣǵǿȥѸ͡
һʱ侫ȥ׼ĻûŵĻһСѵĴɽ޻Ǹûʱ䡣
СƬ֮ҶصѾ˴ɽޣ
Ҷסˡ
ǰʯڣ߸ûг·һڲֻǱŵĵӸͷ޸סˡ
һӰ֣򱦸Ҷصͣ£ʯڣһʱɵˣƿڴģȻӵѵĹˣ
ںԴҴұǸ𣬡ͷɽ׷ˣͷںʱ䣬ֹ˶ʱ䡣ô죿ǲȰ⼸ͷɽ޸ɵֱɱȥŵƴˣ
ҶĿһ裬ɱ⼸ͷޣҪɱͷĴɽޣ϶ǵԪôŵ˸ʰǡߣͷĴɽȥңһѾ֮֮󣬴ҸԱɣߣ
ãô죡
򱦵ˣͬ취ѾΨһİ취ĵӰӣٴηɿٶڿڴ󡣲һǲǰǵȥ
ͷĴɽһֱ˻׷ǵĺ棬Ѿӭͷ׷ɱ

һĹͭɫצ͵ӭ
ɽ
Ҷؼæȫ⣬ȴƳɽıſŵһͷС̡Ȼһ͵ĽͷС̸סӣӴɽӲ
飡
ɽצһץҶصĻϣצһ´͸˻֡Ҷ⵽ػײұϣ³һѪˤ£һŵأһԾ𣬳Ŀȥδܶˡ
򱦸ں棬ĿһĻۡҶʦ֣һǣҲܿסɽצӣɲȸ߽١
Ҷ¼ӳһ֣ؿڣʹצ˺һ飬Ļ澣˿Ѻۣã˿ûȫѣҲֻЩײѡ
Ҷصͷһץסһͷɽ̡ٺ٣ΪСһϸղһֵˡ׼ݷ°ѻŵȥңǼ¡
򱦾ĺܣҶΪʲôϧһػҲҪץС̡һͷ׳괩ɽޣһѽһͷſͷ׳괩ɽϵ̸ץ̧Žǳ߷ɡ
ԺͿͷͷ޵ļл֮£ӵʮǱ
˼Ҵҵɱ
ǵͷĴɽޣΪ̱ߣȫŭҽУһе׷ǡ˻𶯡
ǰ棬ŵӷɱǼҲ
׼أ
Ҷصͺһֺݺݵĳһͷ̷ҽ˻׷ͷɽ޸̼۾ɺûð档
Ž̳ǰ汼ļӰ˹ȥһݷֱӶ治ˡ
򱦵˸һ˦һ¡
ӭͷļŵӣһģĶǷһ˻ʱ
ʲô
죬סǿ
Ѿ׼õķ˳ȥ޴Ļ򣬷У׷׳ŻɫСȥһ״ɽ̵ۼ׻ûܳӲ￸ס˶ķʱ֨֨ҽУյƤѪģһϢ
ǼǰĴŵӣеЩԾ
ͷɽǰʹ˻Уʱ˻𣬾֮£ﻹ˵϶µҶصˣĳڴļŵȥҪѶͷ̸ȳЩɽ޵ЩŵӸҶصûʲô𣬶ǳѨĵˣ˭ǵ̣Ǿ͸˭ƴ

ҽ˷
ãǴɽޣͷˣ
൤ŵ˰Ѵɽ׸ˡ
һƬŻҡ


159 ת
ͷɽ޵ˣųǰĶӶʱæеҳеʩչȫֵе򾪻ųˡ
Ȼŵˣȴ޷γɺϾҲһңԼʿʩչ˾Եʮӵˡ
ͷͻȻм䣬η̸Ǵвͷͭɫۼ׵Ĵɽ˿ͽ׷״̬£һצȥ˺һھŲʿĻ֡һųǰĵӴֲĵĵɶɣأ߹ǶץѪܡ

ɽצ̫ûз׵ʦܣӲ˵֧Ԯ˷׵ĵӣϣǰĵӼӳϵ֣ʹϵǵֵס
ʦܣõͽ׷ǵۼףۼ׷ǿͽ׷ûκЧ̿ǵͷסˡ
κУָš֮Уʱ𾪺ҽЩ˵ĵӣò档

Ҷʩչֻ֮ڵ´һʱ䣬ͷɽ޴ͷ֮ϱԭ˳ĵʯ̫Ӳ޷ڵص´̫Զ޷굽ŵӵĺȥɴԭأŻѰһᡣ
ͷĴɽޣѾŵȺ֮УŵӴһֲ˼Ļҡмһ꣬ڴָӵֵ
ҶһЦҪͷɽ޸ɵûôף൤ŵӲ
ͷһ򱦡ԺͿͷˣѾȺӵ˳̵ÿԷƴŵӵжǳٶۡٻ죡
Ҷûнԭ
Ҳûʣʱûʱȥôࡣ
̳ĸ䷨֮͵سŵм˦˹ȥһһವķ˳ȥ˴ŵӵȺҲ֪ǽǵһ˸סˡ֮޷ʶƣֿԶ̲ٿصķҪܶࡣڣ⸿ļͳ̶ԶһססĿ꣬ѱ⿪סŵеһˣöԷһսĳԱ
ͷ˿˳ȥŵͷȥȻδܽǸסǿ϶ŵӴС鷳ǴɽȺеķʱ
ʩչ꣬һ˵棬ճطʩչ
Բûרзɿһտɫı׶֣һŵӴȥ
һͽ׵ı׶̲ƴŵӵĻ֡Ǳ׶ȴжݵıٻЧڴŵӵĻ֮ôŵӱһտɫı˪סֱƶٶȷǳԵĴȼ뽫˪ȫȥָܻԭٶȡ
ǰĴŵӣҶص˳֣¶Ϳֻš̫죬Ȼܿͷɽ޵ĳȴò൤ŵӡĴһѾԼ̫ˡӲתҪƴĳȥͬʦֵڻ
ϧ˪סôŵ̫ܵѾ̫ˡ
ҶзһС糤Сһ߳ɫâһǰȥ
ͣ
ŵӻֱһĽâĳһ޴Ѫҽжûü㳹׵ڵϣ޷

һеıʣڼ֮䡣ݵĿ࣬սֵļתȫ˴ŵӵ֮⡣
գ֮䣬ǰŵӣһӣֲ֮£ɽצķɣʧȥս
һ൤ŵӸֻɱ
ŵֱӼ˶Ա
ĴŵӶͷɽ˷֮󣬶Ķ㣬ֵĵֵȫʩչ֮£Ȼżˣǲûٳ˵
ĺ꣬ɳƵŭ𣺡ģ൤ŵ˸Ĺʦܣߵ¶ԸɽޣĸˣȥԸǼ൤ŵļһ
ŵһСӳȴκʦ֣аֲһʦܱס֣ڰֻһ˻սͷɽ޶ڿ񱩣ǾˣֻҲ޷סǣҪ˵һˡ
ٶһˣζҪͷ޸ҿסǻš൤ŵ⼸޳ܵļһˣǶ
κŭֱһˣӳĽп졣
ԼСӵӣͷ޵ĽսҪ൤ŵӾһս൤ŵµӶѣûʲô˲ġĶģɱ˼൤ŵӡ൤ŻЩ˽ģֻºĵӣսǿͨµӣսɵСͨڻɣ㱣Ȼ֧൤СӵѾڵˣͨӸΪ塣
ЦţӴڼһ߽

ҶؼԦһһŵӻɱ֮Ǳɽڿתһ뻡˻صҶصСڵӵʶͷǿɽһҵĹ֮󣬱ջ֮ʩ֮󣬲ٶȷ

ˮϵɽ
򱦡ԡͷˣС֮󣬶һͺ¶𺧡ĽͷĿг˼Ľһ˿̰
ܴһֵĶǳԽᵤʿ֣֮һСҲǳڸ߽ʿ֣֮İ취Ƴ̵ķʽɣͨԵֵġ
һ޴ķ֣ڵУǼɱ񣬼ɱһ£󲿷ڵӶʹʱмڵӣȴʹ÷ƾеǿ
Ǹڣ߲ڵӣ򶼺л÷ͬΪ֮£ӵзʿǽսʤģǶҲӵз
Ҳֲ𾪣е˼顣
ͷеһ˿Ҳ̰һʧϾڴеͷǿΪһںʱһΪ˷ں壬С̽ķѡ
ǼԻȥģӵһҲ̫ѡ
ķٶȼ죬ˮ죬һľҲһѡûжѵ֧Ԯڻȡʱָֻŵ
ң붴Ϊ̽鶴ڵѰҡͼᡣ
ȻˣҲˡܹҵᣬһΪʿǿԶһͽ׷Ҫǿ̫ࡣʿûз
ͷȻĽҪôһ˿ȴҲЩ˵ĴҪڻȥ뾡ͬͻ
ǻ𾪵ʱ
ŵӣѾκ£ŭųɱ˹
ǼղæҵĶܴɽ޵ϮȻ֪иŵӱ൤ŵ˸ɱˣȴûע⵽ôģȻǺη塣


160 «
ݵĺ꼲ٳǰ棬Ѿļµӣʱ¶ЦзһԲɫͲӣಡಡö糤Ĵִڶӡ
൤ŵСආǣȥɣ
ԼͲмţⶤо¾궤Ժ֮ʮۻ֮Ѫգƶɣƻ֡ϣһƤֱԪ񣬼ԪԪڵʿֻҪڶӴУ·һ˵ĸ߽а
аԳɵɵӣȥơźųơ֮аſ϶в٣ѱһЩĵӲȥһЩа
κΪŸ֮ӣһаҲ֡û⼸൤ŵߣҪԪ޷ߡ
Ҷؼһĺâʱһʩŷɽмæһͽܣǰ档ǺâϿԿЩѣƾܵĿԲΪ˱ȫ˻֣һн׻浶Ҳǰ׼ֵЩâ

ڶھϣܼĶײ
ϵľѾһ°Ŀӣϳ־޴ѺۡϵһصĺĶӣϸЩӣԿѪɵĺڹŨѪۻ֮ϣڶ֮涼մȾһЩ
Ҷɫһ䣬֪ڶʲôĸоЩڶϵۻ֮æѾϵ½һ
л浶öڶҲڵϡ
ڶÿ죬ʧҲ졣
浶ϳȱڣͬҲ޿ɱմȾ˺
Ҷذһæ浶ˣһףʶȫСע
Сǽ߳ųҫ۵⡣Ҫٶȸɵǰ⼸ŵĵӣʹ÷ɽû취ֻǿƵĹŤתս֡
ݵĺղŴľ¾궤ȴҶصܺ鵶ȫסˣûЧգæһĴٴȡһ߽
ɾʱκͻȻоһǿĽƴӶ֮Ȼ̧ͷ濴ȥһڰеĽâɫһ䣬ʧ
ɽ
൤ŵͨµӣôܻз
ݵĺΪֻø߽ܽЩ൤ŵµӶʰû뵽һͨµоȻзɽ
ǵâٶȼ죬ϰ̳֮ŵȥ߿һ࣬ҪĿڣȫܿķɽǲܵ顣
ֻͬķܽɽֵס
ǰݵĺжʧŵĽһ߽׵ڹ⽣ҪѾˡĿ¶׹⣬һԱһŵϣǰһơ
κʦ㡫
ŵӼһɫɽԭѾҪôҲû뵽κͻȻƣ󾪺С
ۣ
ɫâ˿ǽڿһţһ͸ŵӵĻ֣ؿڴһ޴ѪɫâԼݺȥ
κû취תӱܣֻӲͷƤ͵ĽԼеڹ⽣ɫâ
꣡
ͽâ
κеĸ߽ڹ⽣һѣĳˣĿŷɽؿĻ־ֽһѸ˺ѡ
κʱŵûɢǿŤתܷɽĿڡ
ͣɽڹ⽣֮˺κĻ֣һնκһ첲ںľֹסȥƣҶһУ˻ȥ
κﻹٴȥɫҰףŶȥһ۵ĸ첲æӡĶŵӣͿʼˡ
򱦡ԡͷ˼ųѾһʣµҲӡǴϲﻹᵢʱ䣬͵ɱ˹ȥҶȡٴηɽʱ䡣
൤ŵ׷סŵˣһĽס
ۣ
֮䣬һɫâһŵӶܲѪ֮С

һʱѪɱ֮󣬿ڣŵӺʬ塣κڣûߣ˷ɽ֮¡
˵ҲκùлߵģǴŵһͨаͬŵȥƣһ£ͻȻһţκ棬ҴҸ򱦸ľסûӲߣҶصķɽ֮¡
ֻдڿŵӽˣںʹɽԡѪ˺ȴһСӵĴŵӴܶ飬൤ŵĵ׷ɱ˲أʱе֮¶ͬŵʬ֮زز
ͷĴɽޣѾڴŵӵΧ£ͷһͷֻǿĴɽֻǱ˼ۼסĵһͷ˵̣£ˡ
Ҷ˷ɽĮɨһۿĴŵĴŵʬ壬Ȼݺߣȡκϵд
һ࣬ϥָ
򱦡ԡͷˣĬĵҶȡκϵĴ֮ǲŸһŵʬϵĴֵǮƷ
һսҶǾѡսƷӹɵġ
ڴЩʲôƾõĻܵõеͽõĴҲͼʯ֮ʲôġ
Կ϶ǣκϵǸװŵĶ϶õġ
Ҷؽ򿪣һźɫâС«ƮڰСʱһһץסɫС«С«ʮ㣬ﲻסƺȥ

򱦡š׵ʰȡʬϵĴĺ⣬ĿɿڴĿ˹ȥ˷ʲôԼС«ĻҶѾˡ
Ҷشһ£æԼķɫС«ǿԿסߡС«κµķϢڰκķϢ֮ǰȫʶٿסС«ԶԼԶˣ˵ԼɵĲ֪ȥ
ĻõģǬµķϢѾĲ࣬΢ɲ顣ֻҪʶһԼɻ
ҶС«ĥһС«ʲôƳɵģǳӲҸһԱôС«⣬ӦһԵĵͽ׷ֱӦװһЩʲô֮ࡣ
ʲôҶز
ҶҲȥԣĴ«һһȺĻһľܳ˿ķƲסǵжǿ͸ˡ
ֻţȥ«ϴŵκµķϢ㲻«֮࣬һ«ѾǷǳǿķ˲
򱦡š׵ֻԾ۵ĿšҶصȴǵκһҪҶ«ҪᣬҲ̫ѣչֻһ˵У˭øˣĸƤ˭֪ôġ
ҶеȵĿ⣬һЦС«ֱӹ䣬ʱ֣һԷһʱơķڿɲκˡ


161 
൤ӣOO@@Ľŵвƻ΢ֵǮƷһ⡣ͷǼͷ״ɽ޵ʬ׶ûŹһѽ⽣С죬ǵۼ׸ζȥ֮ҸõʦЩۼƳɼ˵Ҳн׷
Ҷ֮ǰʹŵӴ򶷵ĵطڵϼһɫͲüͷаЩаţۻ֮Ũңֱܴӻһͽ׾ܺһн׻浶մȾۻѾʹãֻܶˡ
ҶСĵúͲϵľö¾궤װŽСϲаŷԱʱ֮裬Ǵˡ
ƻ֮Ҳ֪˶ãƺϻһ൤ŵʦ㡣ڵһս֮ȻȻҲһ¡
򱦿ڵһۣɫ죬Цʦϵļ޵ĺɫ˶ֲͨҷĪĳҺǰʱ򣬼ĵȽԽߣҺԽ鷭ߡֻ塢ϵĶβ˲͸֣һھŲʿ鷭ڵϡ׵ǿ൱ڸ߽ʿʵڸ߽ʿ֣Ҳδؾ׽סʦⶾ֪Ҫòѹǿô
ͷһɾʯط£Űۼףĺߺһ䣬ûģڻҲá
ԵûʲôλʦŰɡ
Ҷء
Ҷؿڶڵϣ룬Ҫò
ҡͷҪҺմ϶ٺҺ˺ĳҺ죬£Ѳ
ҶسĬһ£ǵɣ᲻Լָ¿Ҫ£һˣһʵ
ʿĬһط£ߴָ߲

ڣƮһ«ʱͷŴ󣬷ޱҫ۵ĺɫâܿ죬«ֿСɫâʧһ«ٴα󣬷ҫ۵Ĺâͣķ
Ҷؿź«һһĽԼķǺ«ȥȻú«ķԶɢ
Ҫ죬ȫΪ˵ѹҪĻǳ⼸죬ŵķϢԼ«Ϣͨ磬ܷӳ㹻
Ļһֻ֣ٷ֮һʩչ
֮޷ѹֻܷˡΣķûȥչһԲѵʿµӣµӣһֵطˣɥʧսһ³
򱦡ԡͷ˲ʱĳ«ȥԿƣǴûõȱݣȻҶһķǺ«ʲô
ǼЩϢʱϤһ¸ոմӴŵеõļ
⼸ʱҲС
ĳСɵСʿⴳڵĿµľҴ򶷺ۼʱޱȾϲΪʿ򶷹󣬺ȥͨǳǼ˵ĺʱ
ǣǺܿ㽩ӲסƮڰеһӲӵĺ«ŷֵߴŵӵʬ壬൤ŵӣһ׺Ŀ⣬ڿһǣʱһһ֧зģɱһ֧ŵӵǿСӣܶԿġ
£ߴطˣ
λ൤ŵʦϢеСǸǣ
ǸСɵСӣɫףŵûŲߡ
ҶƳһۣȥ׷ϡһ̫ʵ׸Լˡ¿ڣǱҪܱʵ㱣ʵϾֻҵʯȥ׷ɱɵĵӡʱ䣬ȥԼĺ«
Ҷû˼򱦵ȻҲûȥ׷
СܿȥҲûСӴڵĵط·ƽ˾Ĺա
ƤͻȻ˶һýɨһۣһţһ˫ĶҶڿŵĺ«
ڶ̶̵ŵκֱӵĹϵκú֮û̫̱࣬ú«ĺ˻ȥ
ԵڵʿϣҲеûʲôãֻʧȥĿƶѣʶѡ
Ϊմĺ̫٣ڶ̶̵֮ڱ㻯ڵк촽ݺݶź«ⶫ˵㡭Ŀɨˣ˼ӵĿҶء
ҶؼôѹЩ⡣漴ƮڰУѾȥϢĺ«Уվ߰ɣʦܡʦܡʦǰ濪ʦ㡭󡣡
򱦵ѾȵЩͷ״׷Ⱥȥ
ʱĵԲ۾ƾʲô
Ҷضֱӣת˵ĺ档
ڣѧˣǰʵµ¿ûκελֻܵͷһԵĸں棬Ƣ˰ֱ£һڻá
ȥ
Ķ߿ĴƣڣԽԽ
Ҫ붴ߣƵصĵطߡҪĻǾƸߵĿߡȻܶ࣬ǳ·ܵ˵ֻҪֱƵĸߵͣǿߵҪȥĵط
һ·ϣżɵСӣһü֧СӡɱģȴࡣСʿʵ˼ɣһƴԼСӴԱĻǽ뼫˲ơɵӷԳûˡ
еʿСӣϣС֮ԼȥˡĸСԽ࣬˼Խ࣬Խ״
ĳһɵͬʱۼ֧Сӣռ˾ԵƣΧһƵСӣŻᶯֽͻϮСΧߡȻҵĿڣ˭Ҳ֪Χжͬʿ
ſߣɵͷĻῪʼƵ
Ҷڵ֧Сӣͬ൤ŵСӣü֧൤ŵСӽ£һ𣬱źܽľ룬ȫԴͬʱǻõһϢɵ飬Ѿʼ½붴ÿ֧СֻҪڶڴ£ûȡսԷصȥϢ
еɵӣϢûʲôоǲμⶴΪ˻Ľ˭û»صȥϢװ׵ʱ䣿ЩˣɥʧĵĵӣŻصȥ
һ붴̽ĵӣѾִ˵ȴһʯûз֣ôĻȥ
Ķ߿ֱڻûзʯɻ󣬲൤ŵӵԺУɵͬʮơ


162 ߶㣬ʬ
붴ߣ
һʮɿʯڣۼ˶߰ʮʿǵķϿɫɫۡɫ廨ţٷֱڸʮɣСɵĵӶУ͵Ҳ߲ˮ׼
ǸռʯߵһǣС˵ʲô߱ĿϢȲɵӷͻҲԸ뿪ʯң֡
˸Ŀ⣬ȴʱĶʯҵм䡣
ʯҵм䣬һªСʹ
ҶɨһۣȻĿϡ൤ĴֻҪڴİ۴һʯʹá⴫ǳСһֻԴһˡ
ʯڣʮʿ֮Уûһ˸
Щ붴ߵһʿѾʮˡЩ˼Ѵ󲿷ֵĿѱˣȴûҵʯҲʯôڿڵƴɱú塣ҶԸ˵ɵĸ߲ϣҪʯȴûʯҲһصĴ
ûзʯΨ⴦ʯңǷСʹ󡣼ɵĵ֮󣬶ܲ졣Ǹ㲻ף¿ڰһСʹʲô
ЩϣȻǧǰµģӦȷ;ʯĿֱӵĹϵ
ҪóȻȥŴȴˣ˭Ҳ֪һͣᱻ͵ȥ͵ʯɵĵطǻ˵һҪǱ͵˵ص޵ϳǿǻֱ
ɵʿһԣ
൤ŵҶء򱦵ȻҲ
ҶаȰɣ˭סȥ⴫ɵʿڶ֮࣬£϶˻סȥʹ⴫󡣵ȷ⴫ûΣգٽҲ١
С֮һСӵĻɫʿʯ
ǿʯҾۼʮʿʱһЩʿԸɣ΢ġɵʿڶ࣬ı˼ˣ״
λʦ֡ʦܣˣ
ǸСӵΪ׵һƤƤʿһ߳ʯЦһ֣һߺɣ֪ôʿʮɿʯʲô
Ŀɨʯм䣬һͣסˣ
칂ŵļλʦá칂ŵͨ󷨣һǴȥ
ʯڣһĽӣЦ˵ǹŵĵӣһ£һ߽齣ŻģֻǹŵĺĵӲȡ
ʯھ󲿷ֵʿʯڵļŵĵӷǳɻ䡣ΪɽһɣڵǹͷӵзɽĵӲ
Ǽո칂ŵӣû˿Թŵһ֣ȻٲʯмĴ󴦣в鿴
ǼŴĥ˺һ໥һɫ
ӵʿųɵǧĹŴ󣬸ڵĴûʲô𣬺ܺñϡСʹӦǶ;Ĵ󣬴;벻ᳬ𣬿ʹá͵ʲôطȥȴ˵ˡⶴûҵڶֻܴ´֮󣬲١
ʯڵʮʿʱѾ⼸칂ŵӵϡʿԶһۣϻ⻹˵Ҫⶴҵڶ֪͵ʲôطȥˣҲˡ
ٴʵʵ⴫֮󣬻жΣգ
칂ʿ¶ɫô˵ҪܴǷȫܴ󸽽ûޣҲûʿӦðȫڵ޲٣ûȫ׼֮£ֻ²óȻ͡Ǽ칂ŵȽȥ洫氲ȫĻٻλʦͨһ
˵꣬ż칂ŵĵӣ㽫һƷʯ嵽İۣվȥ
У
ԶʯͻȻһȻı
һŵʿ칂ŵӣЦ˵㵱Щɵǰɣǵ˴һֻͨһʿȥֻ֮ҪĴһΧһֱӰѺ˲ɱ˭Ҵ͹ȥֻܹȥһȻɵӸŽȥ
칂ʿǻʿ޶˻ģɫѿʱߵĴµ칂ŵȽȥðΣգһ͹ȥ֮ǱȺޣô죿칂ŵӶţ칂˹ȥܱ֤Ա
ǻ᲻ޣҿɲܡһֻܹȥһŽȥ˭ҲȥʿĮ˵ִһ齣ϡļƣ˭ҪóȻдͣ϶Ҫѡ
ʯڣܿһЩɵʿ׷׳Իʿ˵ʾֺ֧ͬ
վʯڵģû˭ɵӣ᲻еİ
һ͹ȥ϶Ҫð޵ľ޴աǣͬо޴ĺôǾǿռԺ߽ϮͬʿԽ࣬ϮԽǿ
칂ʿ̴ĲϧɵҲǳԸɷģͰеϵƵһ
ֻһŴ͹ȥ໥ǣţŲȷɵӹȥ֮ȷȫ칂Ҫһδ͹ȥˣʿܴӦġ
칂ŵӴ󲿷ֶͨ󷨣Ѿ⴫⴫Ӧûʲô⡣
ڣ⻹һɵĵȴ͹ȥ
Ͼȴ͹ȥʿޣ⵽ðķ󡣶ȥʿҪࡣϵ£˭ҲԸðͷ
ɨʿһۣɵҪʵҲסѾʮɵĵӣ˭Ը⶯ֻһֱȥҲûҳǩǼȳ鵽˭һӽȥƾҲ޻˵
ʯڣڳµʿǳڿǹŵ顣
˲ã൱һͬ취˳ǩ֮⣬һʱҲûİ취Խ˭Ƚ˭ĸɵӲ⣬Ҳòְ취ǵģ⵽ɵһżⶴʯң⵽󲿷ʿżζҲԶ
ŵӼɵӶּ֮ͬһɫСӶһӲʯʮ̲һʯ꣬ʯһʯͲʯ궼װڣȫסⱻʿʶ̽顣
λʦʦܣǩɣճ̴򣬽д̵ͣȴ͡µһʯ꣬ҹţӻ˵
¶һ֣ɵĵУʮֲζ
һЩСɵͨӣн١ӵãһɽȥʯֵǮƵġȻҲֻҫʾĳɷ־Ӷ࣬ɲСŵʵ
û̫£½ǩ
൤ȥǩȻ򱦣˭ԿԼء
򱦳ǩ֮Ҷءͷ˶һĹŹ֡ʯĳȣ൤ڵʮɴ͹ȥǰʮɵʿţҲû̫⡣õģҲԲ⡣
ùһɽŵСɣǩڵһȥǸСӵʿһɥö˭Ƚȥðղźá
ǩϣûʲô˵ģʯĳ̴򣬴Ͱɡ
ɵʿվϡ
һһĹâ֮ǷɿĴӴʧ
Ҷȫ˻֣аź«ʱȻվ˴ϡһ貵ĹâԼѾվһ޴Ķ֮У֮ڡ
ұϣһһʯɢŽȸɫĹԣߡ֮ǰѾִʮʿȴûȥעⶴЩʯŶڱصʬ


163 ÿ
ҶشСʹ̱ǰⶴĳסΧɵĶڣضǿ󹤵ĺǣپ֮࣬ǧǰġЩʬʱЩڵصĿȿֺӵߵĴ󴦣ôȥȴΪ̫࣬ͳȥⶴڡ
޴Ķߵ棬һʯص졣Щʯڣͬдʬ
ҶضЩʬ˼ۣ΢
ܿƽϮĿͶʯϡϸɫʯĵԣҫĿ
Ҷжʱϲʯĵ¿ҵʯˡֻҪⶴڴϼ£õ㹻ʯֲݣôɹĻὫߡ
ҶסеļΧʮʿȥ
ʿݵ֮ѾѹǷɿĳЩʬ˹ȥЩʬϷڼеķʲôҪƷȻҲ˳ȡЩʬЯʯ
ҶȻ֪ǼҪҵĶ϶ǡͼᡣ
ЩȽӣ󲿷ֶᱻԵʦŽѰҵͼᡣֻҵͼᣬٵʯķֲԼ󶴵ĸӶʯռơ
ֵͼᣬͨЯڸɵĿͷϣھʱ·ֵĸʯ㡢ڵĿԼĿ
еɵѰʬϵľʱ򣬶ʮֽĺͬһ𣬲ɵʿ־룬⵽͵Ϯ
Ҷؿʿľٶ֮ҲʼʬнѰҾᡣڷɿĬţһжôֱ뿪Сӣǰʯȡʯ߻һֱ൤ŵͬŴһ
Ѿʯڣж˵׺ͷ㡣
룬ʮڹʯ϶Ӵ󣬶ҸӡֻûκһŪ¿жֻҪҸСطʯ̫⡣ڰȫϣԱȵκһɵĺĵӣԱ֮еġ
Ȳ
ҵͼɣܵõͼᣬ׼ȷ֪ʯϸֲ˵ľʯʯֲҩĵʯҪٺܶࡣͼᣬڵ¿ڵĵķ㣬ΣգҪҲף굽ȥ
ҶĬĬš
Ŀ⣬ڶپʬϷɿɨЩŵı¨ſĿʬҲ࿴һۡ
ڱӪɽڴ꣬ʮͨ󹤺Ϳͷ֮
ͷڿ󣬶֮ҫڿĴ߶жҿͷڶĿ󹤴֣һȺ˳ưԿѹסͨĿ󹤡λߵĿͷΪߣЯõס棬ֹ¡ǧǰǧĽ죬ȻžԶһֻ²˶١
Ҷɨⶴھ󲿷ֵʬ֮󣬰ЩʧＸǱű¨ſͨ󹤣Ƕͷڿֿ󹤣еͼᡣ
ڣֻҶعվţüͷɿپʬδȥѡ
ڳʮʿȻûڿ󹤺Ϳͷ֮ʮеڷÿһʬұʬеĵطҳͼ
ҶѾȷʬϸûЯͼʱʿŷ˲ʬѡ
󲻶ϵӿֳµĹâµʿ󶴣ҲʬѰ
൤ŵУͷһͽҶǵڶ桢򱦡ڶһ㣬ûн붴߶
ꡭ
ʿʬϷҵľʱȴһֵĹĥһ㶣תͷȥ
޴Ķڣֻһʯһ߿ʬֹͻȻ˶Ȼڵϣ֧һüܣԭվлץſ䣬նۿãȻĹˡ
ʬ䣿
һʿȷֲԾæˡ
ʮʿ׷׳ʬȥĵ׼ͬʱʱðһɺ˲ȥȥѰʬæˣԶǾͻȻʬ
Ҷ緢վʿ֮һһٶȷվ˴ıԵͷǾʬʱ׼վϴͳȥ
ǹʿ
ʬ
߻ÿܣ
Ҷصðһ޴ɻ൤ôЩ꣬ѾʲôʿȻ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڱչżͬʿĿܶණһЩĳʶġ
ɿһԼԹʿյ
Ҫ֪֮Ԫ񻹿Դѳȥһͬ𡣵ԪԪƣֻҪԪһԪҲɻ߽⣬ɢеʿͨһҵԪҶԼԪǰʮһ꣬ΪʿɱĻܻʮһ꣬Ԫľ
Ԫ񱻻ٵֻ֮һְ취ӳԪǾǹޣ̤
һͨߣڵڣڵڣӽڵԪӤڣҪͻƿҶɽ١ÿɹһ٣߲εΪܴȵԪ
ͬҪƵ׶Σɽ٣ԪǳˡԪԪˣһҪҪ
飬Ԫż
飬Ԫ˽
ߣǹʿ߻ݡ֮ࡣͻͻΪʿܲתֻأ˵ж޷ȷ֮£㲻ûκθݵתϣһƴһУԼԪ죬⼸ÿһߵĶ
ֻǣ;֮ѣ;ɸΪѡ
ϾԼ䷽ɹҷ鵤ԼԪԪӶɿԼԪǿ
ǹʿɥʧ޷û취鵤ԪԪֱʯʯ̫ǿұ꣬ȱ壬ԪԱͬʿҲ޷ڰɷ֮أἫԪԪ
ֻмʼߣٵԪ񣬴˲Ҳ׳Ԫİ취ֹֻ޹ʿ֮٣ɹ̤ʿ
Ѿʮʯӡǧ֮ãڼ䲻ʿ
ѵǧǰڿɥʮɵǧڿĿ󹤵м䣬ʿ޳˹ޣһֱڣ
ҶãȻϳˮȴ˼㡣
ԪĻʿ˹ޣǻ˳ǧĹޡΪһԪӤڵʿǴһ㹻ЩڵӣĻҷԪӤʿʵֻԺɨɽɡ
ĵͽ׵ֵܵġ
ֻҶرɫڣɵĵӣƲ⵽ܣɫɷףѿƲ棬ôһȺڵӣװڻҡ
˹ʿ֮⣬ܣǾǽʬÿܡ
ʬҪȹʿԶˣͨΪʿľӵǡ
ʿֻ֮ʣԪ񣬻ʮֲ㣬ǳ⵽Ĵʿϲ󲻾õʿʬ壬ƳɽʬԪľ棬ԶԪṩ̶ȵı
ʿͽʬȫͬĶ
ʿԼԪʶ
ʬûУֻһǶѡûʶֻм͵ıܷӦûйʿĻܽл
ʿԪΪʬûԪҲ޷ܻǱøǿ
ʿԶԽʬϵĽдýʬԽԽѡʬ֮ΪһֹǳǡһԪӤڵĹʿһǧĽʬǣʵֲ
ÿܣֻͲεߡֻǱʿ򵥵Ĵ֮ݵĹ߶ѡû˲ݵĻÿܲԼ
ֻǹʿܲÿܡ
ͨߣơÿܵķܹͬơÿܡÿܸǰΪֱӵĹϵǰΪԽߣҲԽǿ
ǾվʬĿһۿԿ沢ûԪڹǼڡ϶ڲŻлڳʮʿΪġһССò£µںܿлǧĹʿ
ʬԴ֨֨Ӳתһ£һͷʿϣ䣬㣬֨֨˹ȥͷ˹ȥ
ǹͷз飬ڸʿĿ֮£Ҳܱ⸱Сøŵˣ׳ӣŭһֳһ浶͵سʬ˹ȥ
ǾʬŸով䣬㱻ȵĻ浶һͷţΪأһȫɢܡ
ޣӻΪʲôʿأԭһÿܡһܣֻ»һʵһ
ǹͷɵÿܣ˿ĭЦ˼Ŀʼǡ
ʮʿŵӡŵӡ൤ŵӡȴ˿Цֳסˣһɫء
ⶴڣһһߵʬҡεվнǰΧơ


164 ʬ
ЩʬԵ޹ʵĶҪôǱʿסˣҪôʿڰеǲŻᶯ
ҶȻ𾪣ͷȴɱ㹻侲ɿѰ˼ŸֿС
ϸһ룬ЩʬʿƵĿ̫͡
ҪһǧĹʿڣֻʮʯҲӡסͳ˹ʿĴӪЩڵСʿⶴ
ԣɵʿеĿԣһЩ
ҶطɿɨΧʮɵʿһۣЩһģֽŵĿԲ󡣵˭Ҳұ֤Щڽ֮ǰûɵĵӣһͽװŪŻˣѸɵĵӶߡ
޴ĶߣٵʿѾ˵˴󸽽۾飬÷ܵ׼һԾ̴ߡ
һֻܴһˣߣҲָȺ󣬸޷һ¶뿪ЩΧڴԱߣ۵Сۣһʱ䷴֪ô졣
ʮм䣬ʿǿơ
һǹŵĽӣھŲ㣬ֳַɽʿɵһǵŵ۴󺺣ھŲ㣬Ȼûаѷɫ˿ǽӡ
Զǹź͵ŵĺĵӣз¼ǿᡣ
ɵĵӣ󲿷ֶͨӣȻҲмĵӣȴҺ棬Ҫǵɫ
ҶɨŶһһվãߣʿȴڴǰţͷһﶼûпӰֻЩҪΪ˰ռȻƴһ
аһȴòĵĿžƵı仯
ŵǸӣǵŵĻʿãȥҲǰ취ĿĶǻʿ˵
ʦ֣ⶴҪһǧĹʿǾ໥ƴɱһֻҲһӲߡģȰЩøɵȻҳ˭ڰвݣ˵ֻԼŻԼѣûʲôʿʦΪأ
ŵӵ飬̵õʿͬҪΪ˭ȴͶƴɱûʣ¼Щʬɵҳ˭ڲٿǡ
ʿ˶ͬҲ÷ԣֻĮ˵ʦ⻰Ĺأ̾йʿӣһְɡʦ룡
սӶû˵̼ɫɽһɫâڶڷתһȦʮÿܣǻķ顣
ɱ
ʮʿ̷ɱ˳ȥⶴߵģûмĺ֮ɱ
Щÿܶڵͽʿź׷˵ܿ£Щڰ˲㡢ŲʿУ͵ÿĹ֮£ЩûƬĵ£Ҳûվ
ޣô𿳣
Щÿܺܿ챻ɨһ⣬ʿܣҲûзһվʬɫʱ
ҪⶴһԪӤڵĹʿݵÿܣԲһֻڹװŪ
Ҳ֪Ǹɵĵӣ˴󵨣Ȼɵӣǵþɡ
޴󶴿ڣʯͨصסдһʯڣһĺӰζһ¡Ӱж쳣ݣƺڷɿƶ
ʲôװŪ
һۼĺʿǸӰ鵶ʯڴ棬ȣǸɵģҪǲݹӲ顣
иʿ˷׷׸ų嵽˿ڴ׼ǸӰǸӰ붴϶ѹЩʬֻϻкö˵еͼᡣǸӰ޶˲ÿܹʿŭɣײ
ͷȥ
ȴҶסҡҡͷ˵ھƻʣðաǻԱʵΪ
ͷһüͷԥһ£ͣס˽ŲȥռˣҶزȥĻһˣʿмҲռ˶ıˡ
ƺǸоʿɱ
ǸӰ͵Ĵ˳Ȼʯھ޴Ķڡ
ʬ
ʿʱһ
һͷɫĽʬͷʬϵĹⲢδͺͻŵʱֻ࣬ȫɫӲģɫ쳣ݣ˫Ŀıɫһֻǰ߳ķצӣһץһӣģ˵
ǰĺʿһͷʬ̾鵶һڽʬĲϡ
أʿĿ⽩ʬƤȻļͣ鵶ֱӵ˿ûܿ뵽ʬļڡ
ںʿĺʿѾ׼˷һʱ䣬򡢷С׶һԶʬ˹ȥһͨͷʬȻյĺһ飬һ飬ȴûжˡ
ʬԽ벻̫飬űᣬŵڶŭôĵ̣һſڣһɫ
ʿΪ鵶֮䣬һɫӭУĻ̣ŲҽһɫûһͷԵڵϡ
ãһ߶ʬ
ˣǶʬֵס
ʿˡ
ͨʬƤצӷݡʬǽʬеһ֣ˡʵ֮⣬ͷųʬԼҡɽɵʿлӴʬҪ˵ʬˡտʱֻΪͨĽʬȵ׹һ߶ʬʬаۻ֮඼ֱƵʿĻ֣һʱæҽжܣҿ
һ߽ʬûеڳĶʮʿסĵزʿԶԶվţ۶ͷʯڳĶʬ
Ҷ˫ĿһͬĴǶʬһ
ⶾʬŴ磬һͷ߶ʬӦǧǰµʬղЩãͷʬйϵ
ҶضⶾʬƲ⡣
Ʋ˾Ųʮ
ⶾʬǧǰһСšСɵĵӣһĿͷͻȻ޿񳱣ߣӵԪͼǰһط󷨡̤ޡɴཫԼƳһ߶ʬԪľڶʬڡ
ϧʮһζ̤޵ĵӣԪδ̤߲㼶Ԫľֱ֮ӱ⣬ɢ
߶ʬȴǧꡣϵſʯɢʼ˽ʬͼܣܹڿĴ߻
Ϊһнסϵⶾʬ˶ڴ𽥱ǿ󣬳Ϊڸ߽סϵһЩԣſԿÿܡ
ڵʵԶԶͨھŲʿ
ĵֻ̫ͣһʿɵġʯǱĬĻǧҲġ޷ﵽʵˮƽ
ⶾʬԵ¶߶ʯΪѨѾⶴڴǧꡣдȺʿͻȻ˽ȻĲܵЩʿ𹥻
ͷʬʵͨһھŽ׵ʿǵסġҪ߰ھŲʿͬʱȫ֣пܽ
ʿڶ࣬ɵͷʬ´ࡣֻΪ˱淨׷ױܿͷʬͬʱŵĽӣϣǽֽܹͷʬʰ
Ӽͷʬܿ綾ʬҷˣɫʱ΢аϲ̫֣ܽͷʬڵʿɵٺҲˡ
ǣƳӵĻʿЦһ˼ջǾ֡Ҫǲֻ֣ӵĻֲͷʬӵĽʿм˼ߵжɲ
뵽һӣһҫ۵Ľɫâзɳ
ͣͷڶڷ׷𹥻ʿĶʬؿڳһСĵŨҺ
ʬһ٣ãȻĿһؿڣǧûһɱܵĿ־壬תӡһͷתʯڡ
ջĽɫɽδ׷ɱȥɫȴ䡣
ֻɫСĽϣһ߲̺ۣǱʬҺճĺۼ˵ϳһſŵĴ̶ӣ˼ȵܡϵзΪӲһ֡ȴʬ΢ˣ˭ҲʹĲѡ
ͷʬҲûеֵĵزʦѾ¶һλʦܣ׷ɱȥͷʬ˭Ҳð
ŵĻʿǽӵķ΢¶һ˿ЦóһƴԲСͷʬ׷˹ȥ
һкһСȺʮʿ׷ɱͷʬǶʬƤұ˺ѣ϶һƶҪɱ׶ˡͨҲܹͱȥ
ʹʹʿһȺʿ׷ȥˣһţٸȥķɽ΢ܴⶾʬϵõôƿǰ״ȥˡ
󲿷ֵʿ˶ߡ
ͷҶһۣҶʦ֣㿴ǡһΨҶհĵ̬
Ҷص˵һߣȻҪȥܲҵͼᣬָͷɿͷɵĶʬء桢򱦡ˣʱѾ½ǲûпղŵǳ֣ⲻǸһͬȥ׷ɱͷʬ


165 
׷϶ʬˣöʬ굽ˣλʦֵܣòסѽղ˭ӵӣӸסˣɽ⿪
һƤĴ󺺣齣ʹͷʬ˷ܴ֪˭һӣһ²סԭضá
ǴߵۿУòԼס١ʮʿɿĴԷӶûһ˦˺档
꣡
䡪
߶Ŀڶʿ׷ͷʬʱĳǽʬڶĻ򡢱׶ı
һЩʿ£֡
˭ӷͷ϶һ׼˶ʬӡһǰӣöҷɵĻУ𶯣һģյĻͷȴҲ˭ӵġ
κһڶ߶ʯȥʿҪҲ̫խˣͬʱɶʿͨ
ҪԸͷ׺ĶʬûھŲʿͬʱ֣ѹƲס׷̫ٵĻһʿҪʬͷץһצӡ׷̫࣬ȴӵҵһͿķû˵ʬȰǰʿըˡ
ȻųһЩʿڰжҪʿˣҴ
׷ⶾʬжʮʿЩʿ׷̫ⶾʬͷĶʬˣǻ֮бʿķˣ˳׷
ʼ׷ͷʬʿɶʮ֮ڡ
ƺ϶ˣô˶׷ɱͷʬͷʬһкöΪʲôɵĵô˶׷ɱͷʬأ׷Ҳ׷ñ˸˺ô
ҶϢȣɿܴķԼˣĸڻʿͽӺ档
Ƕ˵ʵǼǿҪɱʬ˿϶ٲ˷֡ԼǼɱⶾʬܹⶾʬϵõͼãòͼᣬ˵ҲǴ󰭡㹻ʯȥھ
ʿڿ׷ʱͷʬһͷһھʯĴ󶴿߿ڣڴ󶴿ڱȥˡ
ϳҲʱĵطһΣգܵӻӵ֮·ӣΪһߣû·ӵĵط
ʮʿ׷С죬ֵӿ󶴿ڣٵĽͷʬΧסϵĴٵĺⶾʬͬʱСĵıⱻⶾʬĶʬˡ
Щ˵У˵ŵĻʿŵĽ֮⡣иɵĵӡԼҶءͷ൤ŵӡͷһֱҶصĺ棬ûðͬŵһⶴߣʮҲǺˡ
ⶾʬڿǧʵҲǷǳǿĶϵκһʿҪꡣϧǿҲ޷סһʮڰ˲㡢Ųʿַϵķ䡣򡢱׶С׻ϵĸϵ˹ȥըƤҲùûƫƫһЩÿȥһȺɵӡһЩ˵ܶһʱ䡣
ʬһ·ϲʬʮڣѾʮ׷ʿѾ粻κζʬֻǿ񱩵ţ趯צץʿͬʱʮʿķƺеĿ־壬η˴󶴿һϡ
߾
ʿͷʬѾڶķըһϢȴʼû£Щͣ׼ʱһȣ˦һС͵ԲܷԲܵڰһתΪһʵصĴԲܣ͵سʬԴѹ˹ȥ
žһ£ʬļޱȵԴԲܷұһ롣
ţһɫâʬʣµİԴȫڵϡ
ǽٴγˡ
ǶʬûԴʯϣٶʱ˲ſʬڽʱﻹһʯСӡʬһСҲ漴ڵϡ
ΧⶾʬʮʿǣĿʱ
СвҲܷʮʯҡʬԵ޹ʵıһСвţ϶ǲŶⶾʬʮҪƷȻˣ˶ʬıܻǻǰҪƷ
ʮʿ໥һۡ
ǼԲͬɣȻҪС֣˭Ҳ׳ȥֻΪʿĻӣ⵽ҵĹ
˷ɽɨ˴󶴿ڵʿһۣͻȻǻʿʦ֣˵ʵǰⶾʬµƷ࣬Ƕƽ˰ɣ㿴Σ
ǻʿ֮⣬ڵʮԸɵʿԴŭתͷǽӡΧⶾʬҲ˲ٵƾʲôСûз֣
ǻʿɨ˴󶴿ڵʮʿһۣһ£ÿУЦаʦⲻ
ʿͬǸⲻ¹ͷĺݽɫ
һСӣװһЩʲôۼʮԸɵʿǲ֡ͽһ֣ѹסʮͨʿռӦûʲô⡣
Ȼͽ໥˳ۣСϣǲ֡Ȱʮʿȸߣٿ澿װЩʲô
ҪƷĻٺ٣ٲûҪλʦܺúýһǡ
ĳã뿪ɱ䣬ĻλԼ뿪ɡӹҺʦˣûκλᡣʿΪŵŪĶƷ
Ƕ˵õ쵱ȵĳʮͨʿ
ʮʿߵ˵
ƱǿʮʿǿԸĵӿ⡣ǣǸͬһɣ޷ģ˭ҲԸǰȥôܸӵзĹź͵źĵӶ
ҶͬƣָĵӴءû뵽תǾͽˡĵӲ֣໥ĻЩͨӻлûСӣƫƫˣͨӻᡣͬзҲ׳
ʿĵ˼䣬׼뿪
һСɳʿ֮ǰģ͵˦һУСӴȥСǴ飬澿װЩʲô

Сбиѣʮƴľᣬڵϡ
ڳʮͨʿȥˣ۾ɵķֱ
ǻʿӶˣҲͬĿɿڴ޷š
Сľᣬʮ֮ࡣ
󶴿ڣһޱȣֻ˿ˮ
ͼ;ľᣬֿ׳գҲܹóЩǿ󶴵ͼᡣͷʬȻʮͼᣬռССѹЩʿһֱҲͼӰ
ʵ޻˵桭̬

Ӱһ죬ͻȻ͵سЩ˶ȥ
൤ŵĳŵκһСֻҪûһݾȥɣСӵÿһԱܵõһĽõľᣬõĽҲԽࡣ൤ŵĽ֮أɵĽҲԲ͵ȥ
̵ģ˭ĹʲôĵӲĵӣѵͼ֣ӾлΪʿ
ۣۡϴƺʮۺ쵽˼ʿȭɣ˸ϵľᡣ󶴿ڣʱҡ˭Ҳ˲ʲôˣͼ˵
ҶطӦ죬һˣһݵͼᣬС


166 
ϵһݹŻɫ֮Ҷûʱȥϸֱ봢С
ڣʬ޴Ķ߳ѨڣֻʮԸɵʿЩʮ־Ļÿ˴ԼԷֵݵͼҡ
ʿЩᣬ϶ǲܵġɣܸСһƽʯһɽ翿ʵ˵Щʿÿܹõپᣬֻܸƾʵֶᡣ
ʮʿΪ˺СбĵͼᣬѾ׵ķ񣬲ϧκδۡ
ֵĵͼԽ࣬ɸĽԽĽǾٲ˵ġ
һֻһɻɹӵжŸգǾ͸ˡһһݳɹϣ
뷨ǰļʿۼֿ죬ѵľУûȥɻȡںʿǴ󼱣һеĳֹǰʿȡᡣ
Ҷôױõһݾᣬ϶мľϲ
һݾᣬҶʮ侲ûȥľᣬ׼ˡ
Ҫ֪ᶼǧĸģʯ󡣶Ҷһ˵κһµĿͼᣬ㹻ˡһͼѾ㹻ˣ˵Ҳûʲô塣
û㿿ᣬȥɻȡĽ
һݵͼᵽ֣Ҷϵѹһ࣬ɿĳܿȥ׼Żˣⱻʿϡ
󶴿ҳһƬǰļʿÿʿһݾᡣʿû񵽾ᣬϰݣ׷סǲţҷɣеʿΪᣬ໥
ЩУ׺Ļǻʿͽʿ֣ＸûмǵĶ֡Ƕ̫û̵ᣬִֻܳʿᡣգۼ䣬˺üݾᣬ׼ߵʿǵķ֮¡
Ҷذͷ飬սɥ˭Ҳ֪˭ͻȻԼ֪ôġܻʿ֮٣˵ز˾
ҪߣĿȴһǵϣһ򣬲һ¡˵һѾᣬ򣬲֪ʲôõģǶʬӦЩϵ
Ҷسһ£һȥ㽫öʰߣȻ뿪Ƿǻ֮ء
ͻȻҶͷһӰŤһ£һɡУ׵ղվλãڵϵʯϣЩʯ
һʿ鵶վöǰ׺ݵĵЦҪˣղǼУġ
Ҷزɰһ䡣ЩͼˣҲ˸ʿһۣʿھŲ㣬Ϊ࣬һ߽齣ĳСɵĺĵӣЩš
÷ĻҪɵʿǿģֻǷʱ䡣һ÷ȴЩʿǰ¶Լɱﵡɱﵣʹá
ҶһҧãóȥҪʿֻ¾Ҫ߲ˡȥ֪ʲôʡõһݿͼᣬ˵ѾջöǶ֮пޡ
ʿҶô׵ı˼ʾãɵЩ⡣ҶصϸûЯֻһ
ʿɰϲҲˣȻϵҶ൤ŵӵķΡС൤ŵͨʿĿɹԣپˣŲòķãб˲ռײռ
ţʱϵľҲһΪûƼղСӳǰ棬жݡķݵľᣬĴ򿪣үٿǷһ·
ҶذգĿĺâһѾóֱˡʿȻ֪ôȻ⣬ҪǱʿסսپǡ
ҪҵĴʲôҾ㿴
ҶЦһĴɳһɫССڰлİԲڰУ硣
ɽ
ʿһ㶣ɫ䣬㡫൤ŵĸ߲ĵӣ
ʿ֮£Ҳ˲ȥʰȡˣæˡи߽齣ǰ׼ƴԱҲСɵһĵӶѣǱ߲ĵӣóһ߽ѾʵޣҸЩŷļһ￹⡣
ʿڵĳӶˣ޵ĶûУȻ൤ŵĺĵӡһ൤ŵµӣΪʲôҪαװһͨµӰûϳ
ҶûиƴԱĻᡣ
ɫâɿΧʿת
ʿ֣˵ǰ˲ֻܵͷɱӴܡɱУȻԼĻ֣â˺ѣŸеĿһʹ͡һģĿԵڵϡ
͸
Χʿ˺ȴ˲Ҷغʿߡע⵽ڡࡱһֳַʿ
ҶɨΧʿһۣɿĴӵϼȡöʬС

ҶʮԶ
ͬ൤ųĿͷںһ߸ݵʿ˺һݾᡣǸݵʿҲͨʿʮ־ȣһнͷ˶һ
ͷԭһֱҶʱһԲûüᡣòѿȵĿʿϡʮˣֻݵʿȥѾһݾᣬȻҪС
Ѿύ
ͷں͸ʿ˺УռЩƣ˷ܵĴȻͬʵʿȴҪݵʿ࣬Ϊۺ񣬸ַֽҲĶࡣ
ǸݵʿͷסѲãƿڴкĵޡҪģҵʲô£Ҫᣬбȥ˵İǣ
Ҿģôˣ
ͷһҧһֵʮʯн׻ϵֽ͵˦˳ȥһֻӿĻƾճʿ˹ȥ
Ǹݵʿһûܶ㿪һֻ񡰺䡱һ£ը˰ɣˤڵϣִȵȥҵһȥ˸ʿķ
ͷ̷ˣһƷϵ齣ʹ̡ʿǱĻ֣Ѿȫס齣âͣʿҽһ˵ϡ
ͷܣæڸʿѰ
ǴȻûҵʱƼʿһݾİȥˣһСͷͻȻʿЩĹĵģʿͣͳһݾᡣ
ͷھҵĲ
ץޱȵĻɫͼᣬæע뷨ܿ죬һ΢͵ĿӰ֣ԿʯԼʯķֲһСɵĿͼûȥԿԻ
ҵһͼᣬ
ͷǷݾᣬᶼˡʮˣʱ൤ţλ£ֻ൤Ŵۣһδʮ꣬˴ĴͣȴʼûܵõԽԽãҪʦɨسţ뿪൤ɽ
ϧðռⶴûб̫ϣĵõġԸҪעΪʿɹ֮ƾһԪʮ꣬ĺܡ

ͷͷһ̲ס㵸Ц
ͣ
һɫâӿͷؿڴ
ͷȻؿڳֵĴЦݽӲһͷԵڵϡ
һɫ޳ӰķڿͷԣſͷЦĽӲĵ䳰һ൤ŵ飬ʲôأ


167 
վڿͷԣһŽͷԵʬ˹泯ϡҲͷŽӲЦףͷָ߬ӽյȭͷȡһݾᣬ˴С
ַһ¿ͷĴһƿƿ޹޺ƤװŵԭϡʯһСֽ
ӶЩõĶҲûһ£ֻҵͼᡣϧ˴ͷҲֻҵһݾᣬЩա
ͷҲ̫ˣĶûС
´ҪѰһֵĿ꣬ᡣʱͻȻĸеһ˫Ŀ⣬ڱ
͵תͷһʮ֮⣬վһŸͷһɫεʿġ
ӶʱһЦ
ڲŷ֣ԭⶾʬڳͷ⣬һ൤ŵʿʿǿԼɱͬţųŭĿ˹ȥ
ôʿǵۣͺεԼ

Ҷػɱʿ֮󣬳ɹС֮ȴʮ⴫һϤƺʱŤͷȥÿͷؿڣһѪɫɽ͸Ķ
ҶصͻȻһ˵ĸоؿڶһʯͷһ
ͷͬţʶʮ죬̸񡣵ǲô˵Ƕ൤ųʦֵܡⶴУһͬĻ顣
һߣĽеöĿĶǽһۡ
侲ƲĿ⣬ޱ飬׼뿪ߡ
ͷˣȥ
ڵʵȻӡҪɱӣȴûʲôܡӵķʧȥǵǿȥɱֻͽͶѣܻԼΣ

ӱҶظݺݵĶһۣΪ⣬ᡣ
в֪ôģǸֳǸʿղı񣬻ڡǶͫ׵ûзųκιâɣŵļ¡
˦˦Դʼ޷Ŀаѳɰջ𡣷Ѿɱһ൤ŵӣʣµһҲһɵһ
ЦԼɹֲˡϵļɫСٵĹ䷨ԽɫС֮µĸʿѾ֪ж١
Ҷ̲Ŀ⣬޵ĳɨһķɽ϶ǳġ
ҶصĶ˿ֶָ𣬷ǰһ֮գŷĿӿǴһߴСҫ۵ɫâ
ˮϵ
Ӽ״ʱһ㶣
ûԤϵⶾʬڣȻеʿӵз
ҿʿݷӣӦǺʹⷨʱ䲻ˡһţ𽣷䷨𽣷ĹâԽԽۡ
ķ٣ֱӵĹϵԽ࣬ͨͷųҲԽ
ƽʱʹõʱ򣬶ǿֵǿ䷨ֻķ㹻ɱЩûзʿˡͬӵзʿҵȫԸʱ䣬ȻҲһЩ
ʬѨڣڰнӳ
һɽ貣ɵֵ
һɽɫâɢϢ
ڶߵİУʾųҫ貵âҪѶԷĹâѹȥֻǣ˶ھŲ㣬ѶԷѹסȴǺѡ
Ҷһȫ䷨ӵƣѣһ϶սҶһҧޱĹâǣ硣ƵΧʿȻˣҿ
ʱ򣬽ѾӼȵУ侲֮󣬲ٿŽ𽣣ʼԥ
ԥҪҪɱҶء
ɱҶ֮ļᶨɲԺԼεʱÿ춼Ǳ˱
ԥôܲñ˼ˡ
Ͼⶴڳ֮⣬ǸʿҪΪ˸ɵ൤ʿĹֻ󷴶ᱻǻʿ˱ˡ
᲻൤ʿܾˣûпǹоԵţ൤ʿǰǻʿ֡
ʬѨڣһЩڷ˺ɱʿҫ۽âѹסתͷȥŵĽӺ൤ŵһʿͻȻ
ɫɱùŹ֣ⶴڲֻӵзĺĵӣһ൤ŵʿһֱڰϻġ
ʿͬʱ֣ЩͨӸɵ´ࡣ
ЩԸɵʿڷƲֹͣ˺ɱǹ˲ȥᣬǿʼԱСĹ۲ž档ܲлⶾʬߡ
ǻʿҲɵͣûȥ׷ɱһͨʿĳҶغͽӵɽȥȻԼܷĥһЩ
зȨףŸô죬ܰǰ൤ŵʿɵֲӵвԼİȫ
֮ǰ֡
ʿվڲԶһʿʦֽ֣СӲϵƷʦУʦҾ㿴ô
˵֮󣬽ڿһĿҶأǹЦֻҪʿ֣ͬʿɵ´ࡣ
ʿŪеĶܷû̴Ӧǳһ£ĿɨҶءڿҪҪͽ֡
ҶطɿĳʿȥʿĿеһ˿⣬ʱһڲӸϣʿҲֶܳԸ
ܴܺ
ŵĽӣŵĻʿڲǰݵҪˣҪʮʿ˶ⶾʬѨСС
ֻΪһСɵʿͻȻаСӴˣѵĵͼᣬڳʿĺ˼ĻңƻǶ˵֣Ƕ޷ռСƷ
ڽӣٴʿ֣Ҷ˵ǴĲ
ҶнĿȴԽı䣬ͷԺգۼ
ƵǶ˵Ľ˲У
ӺͻʿˣһǹŸ߲ĵӣһǵŸ֣ʵûа¶Է໥֮ɵǶƾУ״
֮ǰ֮Ը֣Ϊԭ
ڣӵзʿֱ֣ӴǶ˴ƾСǶ˱ͺܵӣּʵˣֻʱѣܳ־á
ֻҪ׼˶֮Ľٽйǵ̼߽⡣
ͷԺһ
ҶĿʼǿЦһͬʿʦ֣м䣬λŵʦֵʵǿҶ֣ɵλʦ֣ôⶾʬڵȫᣬԸʦ֣һݲȡ
ҶͻȻ֡ʿеʮ⣬ȻʧЦԽŪ˰죬Թߣ˶ʬռ˵ˡҲãͷۣ˭ĸߣ˭
Ŀ⣬ʼҶתƣĿӡʵɵӵ뷨ǿһЩ˭ǰһ˲ĳء


168 
ȫٿŷɽ׼ֶԸҶأͬʱŻʿĴ𸴡ֻлʿ֣ͬô̷ɽȡҶصʱȴҶ£ʿһʿƺģĿⶢϡ
ɫʱ䣬һ⡣
һ൤µӣһŵĸ֣еκһĶ֡Ҫһ֣ûùӳԣɥΣա
ʦ֣ҪСӴһ൤ͨӵЩм䣬˭֪ʲô˼թƻޱȣֶգǧļơҶ֣¡ϵƷʦ֡
Ҷؼӿʼеķ֪Լղŵһ˵ǻ˽ӵߡӺͻʿˡ
һ𣬱㽫׼õһ˵ǺгЦʦּʲôʦϡʿ֪ɽ֮УԹʵһʵڶ൤Ȼλеսȴһǿֻʤ鵤棬Ϊ΢һ㡣ʵĵĴţսҲǿ൤ŵӡҵֶκʵԶλŸ߲ĵӵʦ֡
תͷʿֵʦ֣Ǵʦɱ൤ŵӣºٻͷǿʦƴһ߻Ǻ֣ȸɵλǿʦ֣ºʣľᶼ㣿·ʦ֣϶ѡΪһ
ҶضԻʿ˵ⷬҪʿͽӵĹϵֻҪ֮Ľ˸ˣͰȫˡܹĶʿ֣ɱӣǾ͸ò
һ򶨳ȵϣڳЩš˭ͬʱǿУҲƽٿŽ𽣣ܻʦ֣˵һ仰ֻҪ֣ͬⶴеƷ㣬һȡ
ʿҶغͽӣ£ϳĳͻȻһݣһԵĵ˶ʬߵĳڴǸܣҲѾҶأǽӣ˭ҪⶾʬߣҪȹءռס˳ڣѾ˶ʬߵĳ档
иСɰʿҪ˽ֵʱʬ֮ززȴʿռס˳ڣһæͣס˻ɣɲ
ʿûǰʿĿ⣬ʼҶغͽ֮ƶ
գĿ⻹Ķ˽ϡ
ΪģΪŽӵʵǿвȻҪвġ൤ŵǸʿвҪࡣȸɵ˽ӣٻͷʰ൤ʿҲ١
ҶذһڣϵʪһƬȻװںﻹǼȽţĻʿͽ֡Ҫ֣ɾҪϧһдˡ
ڣŵĻʿԤϵվ˹ŽӵĶ棬ɱӡԣΪľ档ѽӸɵºʿٷҲ㹻Ա֮
ӼԼʿҶأֱӶʬ߿ڴͶʬߵһ࣬Χס
ĲѪ
ǧ㣬㵽ͻʿֶԸʿҲ㵽ͻʿʱܷΪСƫƫû㵽ðһӵзʿͻʿ֣һԸΣ
ӵϣļҪγˮʿɫĴȵãĳ˽ˡӵģ·ÿҰѾ£뿪еľᶼǡҪǻϰݣƣͬھ
ߣߣûôסɱһģӵȡܾˣֻܹþ
ʿһЦܣ˰Сŷʼҫ۵Ļɫâһɷǹ϶
Ӽʿ׼֣Ҳ˲ò˽ˣһĴɳһ͹ӳȵͭӷǰ
һţһھޱȵľԪ档ͭӵһתǴ󣬱ɽ߸ߴӣ˵
ͭӷڰգӿڳʿ
ӣӣ
ʿƼǷģĿ͵һʧӷԷ깥ԻԷŴסˣм汸Ķܷй֮޲
ӲϧԼԪ̵ʱ׼˷̵ʱȥԸİ취ǿԼԪðŽΪΣգҲҪѸٽʿ
ɫ԰ףЦָͭңңһ
ˣ
ɫͭӷһƵ𶯣ڵĿռһĲһĲˣڶ߿ڴĻʿ
ʿæܷǰԼ
䡪
಻Ĳˣϡ
ܾ𺳣ɫâٵήȥʼСܵסӾ󲿷ֵĹһСƹܣ˻ʿϡ
ʿȫ÷סԼĶ䣬ⱻס񡣿޿ײ룬оԼԺУ񱻾κ˺һĻجج㵱˹ȥ
جج֮䣬͵һҧ⣬һ˺ѷεʹ̼ѹ
ʿһӣѾǸ൤ʿսһ
Ϊ𾪵ͬʱһ˿¾壬Ҫû൤ʿӾסֻѾ촦
ɵΪԼϵĺҶ֣еҡҪֻһˣֻ¸޷ͽභ³
ӳʿʱ
Ҷû˿Ѿƴ̻Ϊһɫâʿȥʿߣһӣɫɽӭ浲˹ȥɽɫɽΪâڰоһ𣬱һ󼲷ײ
һֽɽľ˷Ϣġ
ҶһУջֻɫϣ飬֥ȱڡͬǵͽ׷ˮϵɽ϶ϵɽӲΪƵĲȫͬӲӲײˮϵɽҪԺܴĿ
Ҷʹޱȣõķﻹûأͳ΢ˡٺͽײʮΣֻ¾Ҫˡ
ʿͷŷƴʬʣʿ۾Ŀɿڴ𺧲ѡ
ЩʿΪᣬһҵĻƴѾ޼ڽʣͨʿѡǼԸɣĲϡ
ʬߵĳڣҶءʿͽʿסǸ޷ֲҼսţֻڶһǣȫԱñⳡƴ
Ҷ߲ŸͣЪʿּ˷ɶܣͽɱƬЪϢʱ䡣
Ҷؼ״Ҳ˲ʹٶ׼ͻʿֹӡ
˶ʹ÷һȫʩչ󡣵ͬʱķŵٶֻ±ȳˮ졣ֻھŲ㣬ʿ޷־õʹ÷


169 ջ
ҶʮȻӲסͻʿлǽӵķļ죬ǵϡһĽߣӾӵķҲԶˡ
᲻֪һ㡣һʼֻóһɫСǲԼķĹ졣ҪǻʿҲ֣óӷͬʱʩ㹻ǿˣȴķԸӾ˵ٶġ
ڽӹ˲Щˣв¡˫Ŀͨ죬ͬʱӺͽɫСע뷨͹ʿҪͨߵĳڣⶾʬѨӳȥס
ʿҧԼ״̬ͬʱĵǰס߳ڴǿгסӵһһ깥
ÿһε깥ɲǼĻججʧȥʶҪһСѹ
ڣҶʱץķǳ׼ÿʱǷǳʱͷųƵýӲòֵýӸ鲻϶ȥûʿ
ͬʱƬ֮ڷĽߡȻмһܹٻָϵȵƣֲٶȣ޷ơ
붴֮ǰ˳׼׼ڱصá뵽Լ䵽³ɵıߵһŭ
Ǹһɣ
Ҳ֪ʩչʲô󷨣ʼԭӢͦ޳ģһʮֺˡӵʹһ
ʿոմӵ֮Уعȴӵ䣬ʱȻɫҶش󼱺Ա죬ɱˣʩǶҪˡ
ҶȻʲôҲԼʶЩ̿ƻûƵȥŷɹȥȴǱɫСס޷ӡ֮Ҫ½ӣܡ
ֻٵƬֻ̣½ӵʩҪˡ
ҶؼæʲôԹܿ죬ͳһɫԲͲӴŵеĸ߽а¾궤ܹƿ֣ʮִһɣԲͲ׼˽ӣע뷨
ۡۡ
ö糤ƵĴִڶӣԲͲڼΪŵɫâӵķɽڵסҶصȴҲûȥֵ¾궤
öڵĶӴϣһ´˽ӵĻ֣ѾĹĵһĽӣ˾ŸСԪʹХһֹͣͣʼڡ
ء
ѣΪںѪ⣬ɷԲĵϣʯصյĳɫĿը߶ϵһЩʯ飬
ҶؼæɣñۻѪմϡ
ӵԱŸոʩչûɣըֻǰһƬʯˡ
ʿ֪ҶػаֻܵǰδˣմȾۻһЩںĨҲЩڡʱޱȣ䷨Щۻ֮ܣ˼䡣
صĳ
ãδܳ

ҶɫȲ԰ףΪСصУڵķ˴롣һߣʬ壬ɵĿЦΪЩͼᣬһѪս֮ⶴѾʮʿ
ֻʣʿڶ߸ϾĿɿڴĸʿ
ãͻʿڰѽӸɵˡӣҲȫˣֻʣһʿٵĻᱻɵ
﷢ôĶ϶ʿ˵ز˾
֮ǰҪɨһս
µĶǼѵõƷͨʿõһ졣
ҶصĿⱻķǣ͸ĳѰλáڳУԼԿһ㵭Ľһ⣬ǽɫСӷ΢⡣ʧȥ˽ӵʶƣҫ۵ĹâȥΪԭ֮׹ڵϡ
ҶһʮԶڵλü˹ȥ֣ҪȽɫСһЩܹݵסֵöԷѣȥɫСֻӲҪ΢һ㡣ȻҪȽ˵
ʱ۽ͻȻƳһӰͬڵλȥҪӡ
Ҷ̽Լķɽ˳ȥ
ǵӰͬʱҶأɶĳ
һ졣
Ӱĳ֮вƶλٴμҵĴһΣǲΪ˾ᣬΪᷨ
ӵѹеķɽСӶҵģ
𽣹㣬ӹң
ʲôʸҽ㲻ҵĶ֡ÿҪҲһʰˣ֮УԷɫʿɫҶصɫɽסЦЦҶزϵܣȫˮϵķɽӲһҲҸ
Ǿһԣ
ҶزΪȻĳЦ
ʿŭʹܳҶؿѹȥҪѹס
ҶͻȻ׳һɫ޵ܸסţɫâವķɵ˻ʿĲӲʿɱȥ
ʿʱһȻնܣĻǰɡϸһһ«״ķһ㶣ԭղûоȫһ֡
Ҷر˻ʿûʿɻ󣬷ɿĽϵӣץȻֽѹʯµĽɫСҲ˳
ЩǣϾȻһǽӱ֮ġⴢҲ֪ʲôɵģȻûڱըбٵֻմȾѪۻ֮ˡ֮佫򿪣ƷһɨգװԼĴС
Ҷؿٵһվ˶ʬߵĳڴתͷʿʿĮ˵ʦ֣ⶴﻹмλɵʦܣϸвٵľᣬɣ¸ǣ
ʿҶأĿҶذѽʿƷһɨ⣬ŭޱȡѹסǱһ«ȴûа취סҶء
Ҷ侲Ŀǹ뾡뿪ʬߣûʿȾΪղŵıը˾ҵ𶯣϶ʿطĸɵʿٴΰΧɲġѾҪĶûҪΪɱʿԼ
ʿüͷȥ׷ͷĿŶʣʿԥţҪҪ⼸ʿɵǵľˡ
⼸ʿ϶ʱΪסе׼ƴǳŻʿԸʿʱ򣬳û
ʿһ£ת˶ʬߡ
ԭҶһҲȥǾ뿪Ϊʿסȥ·³ȽӸá
Ǽʿ໥һۣĿУ޲͸¶һ˿ңһ
ǵĴҴҴŸľᣬ˳ȥ
ӳⶾʬףҪӳĵ¿ȴޱȡ˭֪һ·ϣ˶ٸɵʿһ·ϻеȥɱƴ


170 ͼЧ
Ҷ뿪ʬ֮󣬿ٵȥСʱ䣬Զ˷Ѫսĵطһ˵ĵصͣ
붴߶㼫󣬶ҵصƷǳӡ
Ѿ붴߶ʿӦûϰʱ֮ڣ̫ʿӿҶֻҪ߶һ꣬ѱҵ
ǣٹʮ֮󣬵ȸǧƵĵ½붴֮ⶴ߶ֻûһǰȫˡΪᶴ߶ÿһʯʿɱ϶Ѫޱȡ
Ҷ侲ЩѰ˼ŶԲߡ
ʮ֮飬ԼȰǰ鴦˵ѰһɾʯϥһڵĻƻָãڷȣָԲ
ţɫɫɫɫĵСĹâҶصзɳһ֮ڿٵĻƷתǷֱ«ӡ𽣣ļͽ׷
ʿֻӶɳ
Ҫ֪ɽʮߴɵڵ֮У󲿷ֵͨ۵ӣֻӵзɵĺĵӣɼʿҲûзֻЩɸ߲ĺĵӣſΪԵʣõôһĸ߲ӣһҲʮѡ
ӵļڵӣָֻһô
ҶؿɲЩɱ൤Ǭκɸ߲ĵӣӵļõҲס
˫Ŀɨļ˫ֿٱ÷һϸСķɫϡ
΢΢𶯣ƺҶصķ롣
ֿܲûжЧʱ֮ڲķĹ⣬֮֮ʧҶظǿע˷
Ҫڶ߶㻹û̫ʿʱ򣬰ոյֵӺ𽣶ƿס
ոյõ޷ԵСԽסǣԽȫļ֣㹻ڶ߶ͨ衣ɵӴӿ붴߶ڣҲκβ

һ֮Ҷطϴʮ飬Ѿܹ򵥵ĿסӺͽɫСǷɶ硣ȻڲϢûб׵Ѿ㹻Żˡ
Ҷ΢һڣ˼ȥտԼսƷ
õĶ٣һһЩӽӴڵƷ
ӵĴУʯֽ١ǵͼ߷֮࣬ټҶԼֵһݾᣬܹǰ˷ݣռȫʮݾķ֮һ
Ҷذ뵽ŵĻʿоᣬֻ¸Ĳ˶٣˼Ӧռһ롣һ룬ӦǱʬʣͨʿȥˡҲ֪ʿûС
˦˦ԴЩǿͼɡ
һĳСɻƵĵͼ򿪡ͼƴСǳЯļ侫¡򿪾ᣬע뷨֮󣬻ḡһ߷ԲӰ
Ӱһһİߡ
Ҷ֪Щʯ
Щʯͨ˴ееͨ·ӰϿһĿȻ⣬ϻнࡢ졢ƵȸɫС㡣µĲĻЩʯ㣬ÿһ㶼ʾŲͬʯעÿһĴʯڶá
ҶؾͬʱЩϲ
һҪѰĳһʯˡ
ͼϣֻмһСط˿ΧȫǴƬɫûκζ
Ҷһ£пĵطӦɿƵĵطɫĵطӦСûȥĵطȻ޷κζ
漴߷ݵͼᶼ򿪣ƴ뿴һͼЧ
Ҷشϲǣ߷ݵͼĿȻɹһ¿Ŀķ֮һƣЩطȥȥҲûһĨڵĸо
Լ붴ʱԼʲôطǰ·ǻ·˿ֻ֪ӲͷƤǰ塣ֱɵӸסƴѪսһɡ
ҶؿЦҲܾԼôġ
ϸ˿ͼ
ҶͻȻһݵͼϣһǳҫ۵Ĺ㣬㲻ǿ㣬һ
ʱơ
Щʲô
ҶϸֱһڵĿ̧ͷ˿ԼڵĿҵΡ
ͻȻ㣬ڵλ
Ϊӡ֤뷨Ҷڿڷƶҫ۵㣬̸ƶһͣǸͣһж֤Լڵλá
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ôܡԼڵλã
ҶһʱΪ棬ɲᣬͨ˿Կλõĵز
յ˼˺һͻȻ˼Ŀһеľᡣ㣬ӦòֳԼλãֳλáͼ
Ϊ˲뷨ǷȷҶٴΰѰ˷ݾֿڿڷֿáȻͼϳ˰˸㣬ÿݾᶼһ㡣
Щ£֮Щ϶Ϊһ
Ҷزɾ֮̾ֻҪһݵͼᣬԹһĵ¿·
ͻȻĿпһݵͼĿڣһڻƶ㡣
˭
Ҷشһ£ͻȻ뵽һܣʱ׹ߡ
ͼϼȻʾеİ˷ݾᣬͬҲܳʿеľλá
ҲζţʿͨԼľᣬܹڵλá㣬Ӧгоʿƶ
ʮݾᣬ໥ԷλãⲻҪ𣡡
Ҷɫһ䣬ƿڴ֮ȴ޿κΡͼ֮Ҳ֪ʮݲͬɵͼᣬΪʲô໥λáƫƫҰѾˡ
뵽һƷʬµæȥʶ̽Ϣ̷ֺӿԺ֮С
ŵһ
ƪ֡
һƪһտͷصһ£
ǧ꣬뱬޿񳱣ڵĿ󹤼ŵһտͷŵ󷨡̤ޣԼһ߶ʬʱľ棬ڶڡ
ʱ䣬߱¿
붴ɿͷʮݵͼᣬռһ𣬺ϲһ޴ĵ¿ͼľǸͨ
ⶴΨһûȥĵطǶ߶һеǳ¿ȵϢҿһԪҪյʹ
Ǹչʿռͼ֮뿪롣ǲ֪Ϊʲôƺʲôӡסˣȥֻܴ²ϵ֮·̫ѣɹԪԪľ
ʿڵļأ֮
淢飬ҶѾ²⵽ͷʬڶεǧ꣬һֱЩͼᡣֱЩʮߴɵʿٴδĵ¶ڣһս


171 󷨺
Ҷؿڵĵһƪ֮Ѿô¡֮ǰĳЩ²࣬յӵֻȷ֮ǰ뷨ѡ
¿ȥ
ĵڶƪ󷨡һ׷ǳĹ޹ҪĲ֣
ѿʿٻ֮󣬲еԪܴӳһܣԪûмʱѵĻᱻʬմȾԪԪʱ֮ڣδѳСѿѵİ취ͨԪԽǿԽ״ѡ
󷨡ֱŵӳ֮Ϊ޴󷨣ԲͨҲԪʧȥ֮󣬱ĵΣأصڹԪʵ⣬ͬҪɽ١
󷨡Сʿʵ֮¶壬ɡжö󷨵ʿԸᣬ̤ޡ
ֻǣдʩչ󷨣кܴơߣܶᣬû׷˽жᣬᱬҶɹ֮󣬻ȵԪֵǣΪԽߵʿԽࡣʿٶʮʿܻʮϰԪᵤʿپ͸ˡûᣬĿ졣
Ҷɨˡ󷨡һۣ󷨿ԺУûȥ࿴ǹ޹ûȻȥʵҲеġ
һùˣõƪ
ҶؿǶ󷨵ʱ򣬲ɵӣǰسǵʱöԸˡ֪ϼ壬ǧʲôϵϼ壬ҲϼӱŪţЩԨԴɡ
ڵĵƪ֣ȴһƪ
һ֡ⲻͨ
ͨԭϿʯľϵȵȣΪͷ
ƪȴרԹǡΪϣͷ
ʬƸֽʬ߽ùͷΪܵȵȣ涼Ƶİ취
Ҷüͷӡ󷨡ϿȻһаɣרо֮ѹǧ꣬űѾšŵȼ֮󣬾󲿷ֹʧ߱ߡŵƪǱȽϺˡ
Ҷض⽩ʬãûʲôĸо˵Ĺų⡣
Ǹö˹֮⣬޹Ҳơ뵽Լ΢΢һҲҲϸһЩ
֮
Ҷشĳ˼˹
ŵȻޱȡԽ޵ʬƳɿԱʶƵĿܡҲԽ޵һ֣óƳ
ȻˣĳʿǰǱӵʿԷҲһЩأڡ
ֻ̡ͨƶɵġŵʿӵвŵ
ҶغٺһЦ
Լ֮ٴϵõϵȵϣҲҪȥŵʿˡԼֱƳһҲʮַ㣬ʡΪǳ鷳
ӡԺУ봢С
Ҷվϸֳ侲Į΢ЦڣȥĴתһתҸĿЩʯٹϼգⶴ߶ʿ࣬ʯðˡ
򿪰˷ݵͼᣬЩͼѰҵʯܼĵطȻȥЩҪЩܹȥ

֮
ҶڿڷɱͻȻһڴͣ£ĳȥʮɴŮӳֽӰڿڳ׷ǵļ
ҶĿա
˵ҲùǰһʱһСӵȱŮӡСӵŮӼֻһˣʱϲ׷ɱ
˵Ҳ޿ɺǡ֮ͬɱɱȥɵʵҲ൤ţҲͬô
˭׷ɱʮֲˬ
Ҷش˿ʮֲˬҪеͼᣬ֪󲿷ֿƣǵȦֻҪСӵȱŮӸסĳڡ
ȱŵŮӴһֻ뾡ʯϸֲݣȻѡɱȱŵͨŮӣûʲôô
ֻǣŮҲδ̫׷šҪǰˣֿɲ
ҶؿһǰĲһۡڣһݵͼķΧȥĿ㣬Ҳֻһյ·ˡ
ͣ
ӣվס
漸ȱŵİŮӣסĽȣ㺹ĳֽ׷ǼҶعȻͣЩʮɴŭҶءΪ׷൤ŵʿһ·׷ĺࡣʵŪףΪʲô൤ŵĵӻô죬һô궼ǻ·ᱻǸס
Ҷǣ׷һʱҲ׷˰ɡɱˣ治ϰݣ
ǰһЩĸİŮӣһͦأֳһ߽齣ȻС̰ʹڵϣȻ־ܣһСĻֽǲˡ
ҶаЦ˵Ŷôһ
ǸŮ󣬼ӯ欵ȱŵŮӣķĿҶϣֱЦԪƼʦ㣬Сֻ¿ˣأʦȫһ¡
ΪԼһжڰ˲㡢ŲʿҶؽһˡʤȯգ϶ܸɵ൤ŵӣ˿ΪĿڵЦ
ȻˣȻ޼ɵĵЦȴ˿ûзɣѾ׼˷
Ǻ˵ʲôأ
ǸİŮӻͷһʦʦãһţĵЩգֵҶءֳ齣׼Ҷعȥɱ
ĵͬʱҶؼ
ҶۿǵľٶеһɫСϧҡҡͷ
һɫâһڰһʡļˮ׶Уͨͨɫâ飬Ҷûʣ°㡣Ҫ˵˵ˡ˶ôĵҲ˿ֲһ
ϵ
ǸŮֽҶسȥȴһɫâھɵİУʱһ¶Ŀ⡣
൤ŵĸ߲ӣᣬһᣬ֣
æУŵõײײĵˣеĸ߽齣ֵܵġ
ʱлһ˿ҡĸͬŽãֻҪ÷ǣס൤ŵĵӣ޷ĹĻᡣ
ļͬҲȷġȻٴδ˷Ϊͬȡʱ䡣
ҶЩĮĿ⿴˵ӰĿֻпն
᣿̫𣿡
һڽâϣǰеĽɫâͻȻâǣǸĵŮӼȥ
˽ľ룬İŮֻü齣ǰֵĺ˹â
꣡
ŮӾĿеĸ߽齣ѡȴ˿Ϊţɫâ˺Ļ֣ؿڴ
ҶǣȻûдضǱʲô˿ֵ֮סˡɫСľ˻ҶصС
Ů⵽شһѪˣʦʦǽסȻûȴⲻ˵ġ
Ҷ׼ٴͷŽ𽣣һľ档
ȴͻȻһ㶣ƿڴ
ֻȱŮӵٴγһСӵİŮӵӰ
ȱŵӣôôࣿ
ѵһƬȱŸסˣ
Ҷذһù붼û룬ת㳯ڴȥ
ЦԸھŲʿ÷ɽŻŻɱһǾˡǲ׷ԼʮھŲʿ˵ɡҪǱסֵˡ


172 
һСӵȱŵİŮӣʯ׷ɱҶأȴû뵽ҶطųĽɫС˶ӳԪƼ˶ʱݱɫ˵Ķӳȴ
ʱһŮӴһСӵȱŮӣǵ
ĸں˵ŮӣŮӾҵĹһŵɫʧ׷ͣϲߴߴ˵ʦ㣬ԪƼʦ㱻һ൤ŵʿķɽˡ
ŮӣƳһ˵ԪƼ൤ŵĵӣǶˣ
ǼŮ໥һۣЩѿ˵ֻһˡһɽܿ൤ŵĸ߲ӡ
ߣһ˾Ͱųӣûá
ǰŮӣüͷŭɿԽˣ׷ȥͷȴֻ˸ĸԭزɺȵǻŸʲôȥ׷
ԪƼʦô죿ˡ
ˡԭأ滹ȱŵĵڸǼ൤ʿס˵൤ŵĵѾٽ˶ߣץס˵ܿʳһЩ൤ŵ鱨
ǣʦ㣡
ȱŮӵͷӦϣ׷׸ϡԪƼʦֻһͨСӳѣԶ纭ʦĵλ
һоˣҶֱ׷ȥ

ҶһԾڴߡߣмߣߡһеĵͼᣬһ£һͷߵĿǰɱ
ڶʿ
ҶػͷһۣļɫӰüͷȱŵĵӻں׷ţ겻ɢαȸղŵ˽һʮ鷳
һţоЩΪ˶࣬Ҫǣ˿ûΪԼķη壬׷ĸĪǵ˭Ҳӵз
ƺΪ֤ʵ뷨׷ǰİŮӣ˦һҫ۵⣬
Ҷ֪Լķɱٶȣ϶첻ǵֻⷨ÷ֵס
һЦɫСһ˦˹ȥ
ײ
ɫСǵ⣬ɫâɫâڿڲ
ҶǺȻһѰߴСӣ˿ٿصĽɫɽԭȱŵĺĵˣѹָ˿ĳǰ׷ɱ
ҶЩȣǲšƾһȱŵĺŮӣò
һ൤ţҲⶴ߶Ҵ־ܣŮһ߲ס𽣣һ߳ŮӺȵ÷£
İŮӣ׼ʩչխŮռм䣬ֻ˷ÿһַҶط
򣬱׶һһҶҹȥ
˶࣬һһҪҶظǵ뷨ÿֻҪõİ˷֮һķ㹻ҶظˡܽɫС֣׷ɱֵ̫ˡ
ϧǵ뷨עҪ
ҶظҶߣֱȥѰʯȥȥͬŻϣȻ̡
ֽһɫ˳ķɵ¡Щӣײʯͷ죬׷ûܸӴκ˺
㡫ӡѹ᳤֮ɱˡ
ŮƺϳǼԭˣĺţ뵽ãʱɫһ䡣æ뻳С
Ҷüͷ
񣿾Ǹװļһһƺɵĸ߲ӶʶɱĿɲֻԼǵŵʿ
ȻϵƷǾͳӵζɣ
Ҷɫȫ䷨ָһһâϡˡһͳĿڣһεĲˣŮӴȥ
ŮӺȻɫѾӻڽͳһӨ͸ɢɡ״ķͺһɡɫСɡſǴ󣬽һ֣˱⾧Ө͸ɡס
βˣڿϯ
ɡת̶ļХǲ˹ȫֵס
ϧŮӵΪֻǿɡŴһˣ޷סλͬʦá
İȱŮӣϯ
ǵԺС䡱һһƬհףֻʣ죬˶ججʧȥ֪ʶԭءûСƬ̹ǸѲ
ֻŮӶɡ֮ڣӹһβ˹ȥɡҡε˻ȥ
һڱȥͬʦãɷףҲ֪𾪣ŭͷĵҶء빥ȴֲҹ
ûмͬŵЭһһûⱾҶء
ѹָǰⶴ߶㣬ԭһ֣ȺȥΧһôסŮɫɿţѰ˼ŶԲߡ
ҶؼŮӵĹһϧҪǸղһŮӸȥûķ߾ͺˡ
ɫɡ״ֵֹģȻ깥ˡɡֻһԵķҪɡƣһ¾ܰ쵽ġ
ǶֻǴһƽֶѡ
òŮ޷ЩŮӡ
ҶѰ˼ҡҡͷתͷɱȥǾˡﵢȥȱŵĵԽԽֻ࣬¶
ŮҶٴߣһС֪ܣҧݣԥţҪҪʦ߻ֱӼ׷ȥ
գһš
ˣ涼ȱŵĵӣ⡣
ɿĸϡ൤ʿһڴˡͲţܲס൤ŵӡ
Ҷطɱ˰ʱ䣬ͻȻͣסŲȻǰڣʮ̻ʿ

ʮŵ»µӣһʯڣڵͶϵļӲʯڳһһС
ÿߣһСȻһЩֻЩŵӲŶĲٿص棬Сڶ˽ȥʲô桢С̷ɸ桢֩밡ȵѰ棬ͨͨȥһЩϡŹֵĳӣֻԼʶ
ǰĴЩСѨڡ壬㳤ʮɡ
ϸ۲ˣǾʿͨĿ
״סú֮ڿ׼ԼϹǿɲţ˭ͨʮԶ˶塣
Ȼ˲á
һѪ쳣Ǳĵӣӵ
ʿǰ˭ˣòײӵֶ޹⡣Ӽ⴦ûˣһͳһʯУ׼ЪһЪָ
Ÿտһʯ¡
ͻȻһХ
󺺶ʱ羪֮𣬴ʧɫ׼ߣΧͻȻʮɸɫҺ壬ɫҺɫҺɫҺ̼佫һš
Ļ֣ɫҺУʴֱ߽⡣ҺҺһʱҽһ汻˱ѪⷢڣĲˡ
˵Ҳ󺺵ùķԲ˵Ļ֧ŵĸһЩܹӳȥ
һӱɵˡɣţռˡԼ֣ͰѶָɵˡ
һˣʮŵ˳һϲЦտڿڣ˿¡Ǵ󺺵Ĵͨͨȡˡ
ǵУһΪ׵׺ݵʿȵλʦܣϽʬ̧ߡУʮСȡµġ˵һֻֻ񡣡

ܲɣҶʱǰʿǾ߱ڵʬ̧ߣֳ⻹ŵʿڿĵ棬ָ塣
ɵ۾Ȼסˣ
׺ݵӣڳֵڿϵʯ׼ڸСѨڵĸһЩһӰǰȻ̧ͷ


173 ʯ
ŵˣ
ҶĿһ䣬ͣЩͷ۵ǰʮŵӡֻͷһӺ׷İŮӡ
գЩΡȱŵӣǰŵӣ߰˽ӡ
Ϊ˿ӺͽɫСŵһ칤ѣЩɵĵô졣߶ֻѾвٸɵʿˡ
ŮӷڣǰһЩŵӵӰɶ൤ŵĵӱΧסˣʱϲ⣬ŪǰżֽЦߣܵõͦ찡ôܰŶˣԭǱŸסˣѰ˰ȱʮӣҲʮӣһߴأ
Ŀɱûж֡
ҶΪӳ죬ЩŵӴϹۡ˭ʤ˭ȱŵ˵һ飬ö־ͽ˸ˡ
˵ҶصʵǺܼɵġҪȫˣҲֲôֻס൤ŵӣȺȱŵ֧ԮٽҶ¡⿿һˣûա
Ҷؽְ˴ϣڷɿţһôȻȱźŵ߰˽ӣšкüɱûóԶûеɽˮҪƴһĵز

ŵʮֻǾ˺ܶݵʱ䣬ϴЦˣһ൤ŵĵӣһȱŵĵӣǶ˵ӣƺ໥׷ɱ
ʮˣòˣ
Ǹ鵶齣Լϼӳֻ֮󣬳ҶΧ˹ȥ
ͷһò׺ݵʿٺЦƤڣųʮֻĴָСĽ߶ãˡˡЩɫ޹죬ĽɫѪ̣ʮˡ
ò׺ݵʿмֵ⣬ʮֻ߶ãʮòײı춾áǽɫѪ̣Դƻֵ֣ѪҺ⡣ÿһ
ʿȻҲûбųָĹֳϣС͵ޣߡܡ֩ȡһʱ䣬ͨ˸Сޡ
˶ޣ˵ԸˡǶԸһȺʿҲ´ࡣ
׺ݵʿЦСӣذɡǶ֣ʬסλʦáٺ٣ʦֵܺЩʱûпˣǰɣ

Ҷؿû࿴һۣŲæĴӴȡһ

һѩ׵ıϣ˫ķ
Ҷؽżһߣ˷
ŵʮʿʱȻ
СǸʲô
ǿտɽ룬Сߣˡ߲ɣȻܷɸߡĵطֱǼߣۡ
൤ŵӲǼͿˣԼʲôط˰ɡǣСӿȥ侲ĺܣҲͷԷ˰
ֻŵӴ㵣Ůͬ졣൤ŵϵⲻ١ҲûҪóûʩչĿռ䡣
Ц൤ŵӷ˴˵㡣뿴൤ŵԵ޹óЩʲô
Ҷؽó֮󣬽ֽɫС׳һɫâ޿ƥеƣֱ˹ȥ

ʮӶʱǱһƨһ󺧣׷ſ£ҪĽɫɽЩڰеĳ氡ϣ߶ðʲô棬𣬱ɫâײϣž죬ֱӻҷ𣬰ֻҲûʣ¡
Ҷ˫Ѿע˷һģ
ԭʧ
ҶٴγֵʱѾڿڴʮԶʮŵӵĺ档
ҶץסɫСɫĮĻͷǿһۣٳɣ

գ۵ĹѾɶԶڿʧ

ʮʿȴͻȻǰһգҶ˲ˡŴͣȴҶѾʮ֮
ƿʩչƿ
ŵʮӣſڿĵϡϳˣʧӶɳˡ
Щŵӣ桢ޡݴ򽻵ԡޡȻҲϤ޵С
ŵĵӴ÷޵ᣬȥΪֱҳޡԷУԸսڶһȵöˡ
ΪԷʮ˽⣬Ǵ˿зӵ𺧡
Уֻмϡٵıޣſͻᡰƿָ߽׷ϵʿޣҲҪУҪ˵ʿ
һڶһſԷʹõķɶݱ˭Ҫ
Ǻ޲̽Сڣǿ޶޲˶ɵĲˣô׷쳣ӣɼ¾ͲӰ׷ϡ
ȱŵŮץģǿˣСҲˡ
Ϊ׵ʿһԾ𣬻ں޲ѣƳȱŵŮ毺õòģڸһа𡣹ͷҲ룬Ů׷ɱҶصôױʰ

ŮӴӸղҶлعЦһɫâ͡һͷʿܣͷ­ϰա
ʮŵӶʱŭ֪ǰŮӺ͸ղ൤ŵӶǺǵʱͷŷǴ޴
ɱ

ҶĶ˫һߣķšڣϵĴըŵѾȱŵŮӴ
ЦȱŮӺŵӣûôס
ɱﵣһֱʹáܲã㾡áÿһΣᱩ¶ԼֶΡһñԼʵֶΣٴϣױҵԸԼİ취
ƿģûκ谭ƿշɶݡһ״֮Ķסˣײ棬޷ߡղŵóֻҪùˡ֮׳ɫСͨΪ˱ʩչƿʱ򱻶ס
ȱŵĵӸˣȱź顣
Ҷؾֱȥһ·ϣҲûκʿɵʿûôִղŵȺŵӣӦߵһȺʿ
һ֮Ҷذյͼϵıʶ߶һɼ㡣
һ޴ʯߣʮͬʱɾ򣬵ϻм߿ʬͿ䡣ϣȫǴʯÿһʯڶʮСʯɢŵĹâ
ҶҲ飬ɽʯȥ
ʯȻӲȴҲסϵھ
ɫСڶڣߣȦиһʣһʯڵϡٰЩʯ飬ȡǶŵСʯ
ͨڵͽһĿʿÿʯĻڵĶЩӲʯھٶȺһֵͽ׵ڿڿʮķÿһСʱ䣬Ҫָһ칤ܰһӲʯ飬ȡʮʯ㲻ˡ
Ҷݳ޵ýϵڿҪࡣСƬ̵Ĺ򣬱ܽһʯڵʮƷʯȡ
ʯһɵĿȫסαװɶڣһڿȫˡеĵͼᣬʾλãʮΡֲеİ˷ݵͼᣬЩڶڱϷʮá
ҶҡҡͷŰɣʿϻطܿˡ
߶㡣
ʿԡѪɱռʯʱ˭Ҳû뵽һ൤ڿһ㣬ͷʯ


174 ɴŮ
һʯұҶؽʯ飬ʯһһȡⷢȻһƷʯ쳣ŨһƷʯ̺ԱȵһٿƷʯƷʯҲƷʯ࣬һЩ͵֮࣬Ʒʯ
ҶϲޱȣƷʯֻϧƷʯټС죬ٿƷʯҲŷһƷʯѡ
ҶڿͬʱҲע⵽һЩ
߶ڣµʬúܶ࣬޺ټ
ҶżһЩѨӵޣѨ롢󡢴ɽޡԸЩޣ֣ɱɱɾɱ˵ܿⶴѨ׷ޣҲ
Ҷɻ󣬶ڵޣԶ֮ǰԤϵôࡣ
ǧǰ뱬޳ôһ£
ҿ϶ɵʿڶ߶ʯʱӦûʲôޡӴʯҲڲ
޳һܾõ˵ǸΪʯƴھ򣬲Сͨ޳Ѩʯ޳ѨͨˣͱѣѴȺ޸˳
Ⱥ޵ϳ϶ʯڣط
ϾʯڣһЩʯͷûûȣȺҲȥݵı֮϶˻صǵϳȥ
ЩǧĴ˵ˣǼ٣ͨӸ㲻סֻЩִֵšϣʦ
ɲμĵӴӿ붴ߣ̽Ϊ˱ʿϣҶؼÿһ죬Ҫȥ
ÿԼܲڵ㹻һʯһҪĽһǧ鵽һǧٿƷʯ
Ҷزμⶴ뷨ⶴڣһḻʯڣסʯϸֲݣʧһΣһ鵤һֱɹ뿪롣
ڿ뷨ܺãȴмԵѴ
ռһҪ˷ѶȺܴƵͼᣬȻѵͼˡûã޷ƵͼᡣЩգ֮ǰɸû뵽ڻеͼⶫûЯհ׵ľᡣ
⣬óϵʮգܳ˿ܳһ¯޷֧ʮ֮á
һѴǷʱ򣬱뾲գתΪԪȫƿ𣬲˿ķġ
Էƿʱʿ඼һǳȫĵطٹȱչأ֮ŻءҲ㹻ȫĵط׷á
ҶΪЩǣòڶ˵뷨ڹʮҪʯȻ뿪ߣ൤ɽȥͲţʮ˻
ԽȥоһȵϢ
ҶЩơ
չʿµö˵صһɷǳµĿȵϢη壬ҿ
൤ɽʱ˵ص׵еػ𣬴˻ǳȣʿ
Ī붴ߵҲеػڲɡ

Ҷؼ߶ʮ죬ʯʮһ·޾գ޶ˣٸоЩȤѾڵ㹻ʮʯʮ⡣
ǹȵϢȴԽǿҡ֮ϲĹʿ˺󣬵Ƕͨ˵û̫ķȻصףÿ˳ȥػۡ
֮䣬ʮյĽ֮󣬲ֽ
ߴΪףڶһ㡢һ졣ø󷨷ʯεĿǵ
ͬʱǲĵӣ̽

߶ļ֮һڡŵĽʿֳһͽ׷һɴŮŰΧǵɫ쳣ĽţĶð
һʿڽʿĺ档
µӣǹŵĺĵӣǵĸʿһͨڵжһţ
Щʿ˵һЩݺȣܳΧһ˵ĳ档ǵϣ˿ûκΰĿзһ˿η֮ɫ׽
Ϊģǰ൤ŵɴŮִţʵǾη˼㡣Щ˶ǹŵĸ߲ӣȻ൤ǲͬɣȴҲ֪൤ŵĺܶܡ
ɴŮ൤žλᵤλһĻʸΨһŮǵŮǵŮ
˵⻹漰һη¡
ʸǽᵤнףʸ˫ް³ʦһλᵤڵͽʿ֪ΪΣʼûһλʸԶΣʶһλڵŮӣŮһŮ
ʸҲǶٶˣôһŮȻɱ۵ĲˣĸŮ൤šǳʦȴаաͻȻܳһŮ˫ް£ܲ
֮ǱʦΪŮŮʿ򲡶
򲡶϶ɽЦһ߻ò൤ţ鵤ҩ꣬ǰ׹ǿҲܸ³⣬Ҫ˵ʹˡȻûκ֤ݣǰ׳ն֪⡰ŮΪʲôġ
൤߲ӣûһ˸飬ȫǳԾĳΪư͡ʸҲֻȻˣûһʿһᵤʿһĿȻΪɺֻˡ
ŮŮȴ
ʸȻηޣȴҲŮ޹زۣϾ׹⡣ʸĵѪŮȥأɲܶ
ʮһζλɴŮˣ൤ŵĵλҲü⣬˾Ľηҹ׽ֲԶ
λɴŮϵ൤Ŷλ档
׽ֺãʦʦݲɳӰʸ濴еŮӶ֣˭Ҷ
ɴŮʸʦûʲô൤ŽᵤΪǿĻʸ棬൤ŵǰ;Ǻ˵
׽ãҲԶáʮŮǹһˣͬһж
ŵʿǲ൤ŵˣȻûй˼ɵ̸Щû¾ϲѸɵ桢ʦʦİԹۡ൤ķ£ȻϤޱȡ
ʿɵģΪɴŮĿɽӲΪλɴŮʵǿ
ǷλɴŮڿڳ֮̾ϲ׷Ϊ˽λסǶĸСӣһµӡµӡʮµӣʮһڰˡŲʿΧ׷½ءһ·ʮˣֻʣµӣһλµӶѡ
һǿʿֳַĽʿǵûɴŮ˴ͨʿǿ˵ĵز
ҿɴŮӵʮ֮ڣֻǽŵΧסҲûɱɱɴŮֻҪסѡʸŭǿǻ൤ź͹ŵĴսǿɲġ
ӣλĸߣӵɫ࣬۾ɴŮϣʮֽ׿


175 ʱ֧Ԯ
ʸʦãۼ׼ǳһָĴɼ壬λʦμǹŵʦ֮һλȻʸ档ʣ껸ǱʸߴʮߵĵȻûĵزҲƵϲˡᵤ˵ǿ϶⡣ۼ츳һ䲻㣿ʸʦãֻҪͷҿ游Яȥ൤ɽʸס
ӣװһ˿żޱȵ̬ȴɢȥĽ
󲿷ֵĹŵӶΪμⳡ
ͬΪʦ֮ȱðս붴ߣҪΪڵصѰһϡĻϵ֮һĻϵ
ǣȻ൤ŵĻʸʦãʵżȻʱϲ⡣ϡȻλ൤ŵĻʸʦøΪҪ
Ҫǰסٳϡʸ϶ҵԹϼҲպ̳׼ҼĴλҪϾϼʮӴ󣬿ɲֻһӣҪǼȥȻб˵
Ըһ·Ѿʮӣȴûܽ¡ʣµʿܲס˿ûаգⲻܲĽ
ûдʿˣҲҪλʸʦ¡
ɴŮֳһСɨʿ䵭վԭأ˿ûӵĽ֪ϾģǸмᡣ
ӵ˺һɴŮ𸴣ͷŭȵãʸʦǲȪġҾȽסʸһϣ

Ҷѭſһ˿ѪζʱķԾӶ̤ϵ塣һսǣüͷŵϵһ߹ʿʬסЯʮδʧʬǳǰߵʱ򣬱һɽʺֱӱ
Ѿһ·ĵʮʬˡ
ʼҶػΪĳɵӹõն壬ᶯЩʬסǹŵ⵽׷ɱ
üʬף֮󣬲ŷֲԡ
ŵӶǰ⵽϶׷ɱˡ
ڽӡңһȺŵĵ׷ɱһɵĵӡ;ϵĺ׷ɱ֮˷ݵĴ򶷣ȴ⵽µʬ塣
Щʬŵӻǰ׷ϡ
ҶزǣЩʬȫǹŵĵģûһġҲ֪Щŵĵӣ׷ɱʲôˡ
ţҶصĶͻȻȫ𣬸߶ȽԼ߶ХǴ򶷺Ͳҽ
üͷһ·λ̷ǵĵطȥȻ֪ùȥ֣ȴڲסеĺ棬Ҫ֪ʲôڸŵĵɱ
Լİȫôˣ˫϶ɱļңû⹤ͷԸԼȥһۣûʲô󰭡
ڵĴʱʱ
Լ˽һʱ䣬Ҷ˷һʯڣϢڶڴʯɨһۣڵ𾪡
ŵĽʿƶĿ˵ڵѪ֮УڵϣҲȥ񡣻ʿˣֻǿţĶһɴŮеǼǿ˵ķ
ɴŮķڶڴʿɴ֮£Ȼգȴܿͬھǿǿš֮£ŷ֣΢˺ۣڵֻ¼ء
һӣϾվڶʿĺ棬ֳһӡ˲ȥһȷзޱȡٶԱʿʣµʿܲܽɴŮ£˿ûаա
ҶؿɴŮʱһ£ⲻ൤ŵĴʦ൤ŵʱӪկλ൤Ŵʦ㡣ʮλ¸߲ӵĹԼλϵ̬ȣӡ̡
ô
Ҷɻ󡣿ǿһΧļŵӣЩ׹һ·Ĺʿʬ壬ֻ¶׷ɱλ൤ŴʦĹ¡вɰŭһȺʿ׷ɱһŮӣ޳ܵġ
ʿƺȻͷһ൤ʿڶʯҵĳڴһǵҶصţȫͨʿĴ磬͡
Ϊ൤ŵԮأԭһģ
ɴŮӲƴûաɱһ൤ͨӣǻֵ
ʿһӣһɫ磬ҶȥȻһ
Ҷһ˿Σص׶ΣѵͬʿܼܲȰɡȫһҫ۵Ľâɫס
ʿΪ˶ԸɴŮѾȥķڲķ̫ķ൤ŵͨʿϣδȫһϵȻΪϧȴ޷Ҷء
ʿϵǸ൤ʿĵסɫʱѿ
ùĺĵӣȻ൤һò۵ͨʿУ񲻵καˣֱǳ衣軹ɴŮǰģιҵס
ٽһ
ʿգٱңңһָӿɫʱâǡ߳ҫ۵Ϲ⣬ϵ޿ƥеĿƣٶȳҶŭնȥ
УϵͽɫСŷ˼ܼ
꣡
⵽ϵȫ͹ĽϾȻϸܵѺۣű顣
Ҷص𽣣ǴӹĽʿеġĽʿýɱʬʱ򣬲СմȾ˴ʬҺ𽣵ĽһЩϵ͹ȴһˡ
ҶЩԾϵȻ˼Ӳ֪ʲôƳɣ𽣶顣̴ɫСӣΪһɫâһ죬ٶȽϵֵסϵ޷ƽԼ
ڵĶӶȵĳǿȥ
൤ͨʿճڶ߿ڣǲδһ¡Сɫððʧʧ˹Ҳһѣʲôá
ǣʿȫ֣Ȼûò۵ͨʿ
ɴŮ߿ڵҶؿһۣĿһ˿
൤ŵסʵǿʿԸʣʿʮİաɽеıȫķ׼Ż֡
ʿƵѪȫû뵽۵൤ʿȻϵ׳һֳһʲôͨӣԱȵһĵˡ
ռ䣬ͻȻһ㶣סҶزٿصǿɫӣоʮ졣
ղҶشɫСʱûǽɫС
𽣣ǽΪĵͽ׽ϵʿСӣȴʿ֮ڵУҲйŵ᳤֮һӵжѡкֵܽ飬ȻӷǳϤ
ʲôˣôӣʿһٻϵĿг˻֮ɫĶҶأɳʡ
⻹ʣȻɱˡôϰøˡ
ҶؽɫС˻ȥĮ˵͵ŵʿһɱѾˣкüɵʿ޷ɴ󷽷ĳϡ
ⶴͨʿԼĵͬҲв١ɱǸɵĵӣǸɱɵĵӡҪʺͿɲס


176 ȫ
ʿɫʱӥӺһɢһ˵ɷмջǰʿǵӣɱŵһ׽ֵܣΣܷŹʿ
Ҷر¶һΪӣȴšǰˣ൤ŵɴŮʿʿûһǺǵƽʱ⼮ͨʿֻһ涼ѣҪ˵֮ΪˡҲֻⶴ֮أҵɱϣŻϡ
Ҷһ߲ٿѹסϵһַڴϣʱ׼Ӧ䡣
ܴܲǰаλͬɴŮ£ûаգֻܾΪܾȣȲ˵Ļֻö·ˣϾΪʦԼȥ
ҶڿǶԲ֮䡣
ʿѾ಻סĿ׹ʢһ䴢ַɳͽ׷һɫһɫСӿͬʱҶؿ˹ȥ
ҵҪƣ㿿ʲô°µģ
Ȼһϵʿֻпȡʤʿ׺ݣͬʱҶع˹ȥ
Ҷز˵ĿӴڷųӲӵĺ«ɫͷӭɫСȫעвٿء
ŵʿޱԼʣóˡ
˵ʵҪʿٷųһʿҲϺԥתӡðոƾеĶսǾɵԼʵʿȥƴ
ҶذһǣʿƺҲֻʿҲʼղδǸעɴŮϣδҶغʿ࿴ֻʿУɴŮвҪԶԶҶ·ʿ
ɲ֮䣬ӡ«ϵɫСΪɫâڶʯڵİвɱ˺ݡ
ޱȾ˵ķϢʯҡ
ɴŮͶʿɾĳ߿ȥ
ʿҶؾȻͬ˿ƣɫһ䣬ʱп಻Щû뵽ͨ˼ʿϣЯķȻ֮ࡣ
ÿһȻǴǷģ϶ҲҪŷȵӡؼǣö٣ö٣żơ
ʿ֮һƴʤֱӵؾһʶ
һǷ
Ľײ㡢ͬҪ
Ľײ㣬Ϊͽסнס߽סĸΡԽߵķȻԽǿ
ʿֻǿϵĵͽ׷޷ʹнϵķɽĸ߽׷ʿȫգҲˡҲǷ
⣬Ҳ˵á󲿷ֵķϣӵԣбԡֻм֮У
Ķѣͬʤܡ
һʿͨǱһʿռˡ
ڶǷ
ʿע뷨Ķ٣ֱӾ˷СʿڵķԽ࣬ȻԸõʹ÷
ҶеҲʿеɫС˵ɽĶǵͽ׷ࡣҶغʿ˭ڹķ࣬һ
ʶ
ʶǿƷĹؼָӷĹϸ΢ĲٿءʶǿֱӾ˲ٿǿϸ΢ĿԽǿӳȻԽ£ͬһ㼶ʿʶھŲʿҪڰ˲ҪһЩ
ÿһʿʶǿ͸֧ͬġͬʱݶἫȵƣ룬Ԫ񡣲ʶͨһЩ⹦չ
ʿʶͨͬʱʹļĻѾ
ʿջԭ
۷ײ㲢ҶĸߣҲ൱۷ķѾ׷ɴŮ·Ĵ룬ȵ൤ʿֻʶǿһЩҲûǿ̫ࡣ
ٶȽ˿ûռκαˡһĸڹźĵ˵һѱźɵͨڵӷ
ɴŮؼʱ˿ʧȴðһ൤ŵӰѹסˡƵѪȫ߶ϵųâƴӴҪӸ顣ɫСΪܷɿߣѰʱҪҶظס
ҶԸ
տʼʱЩæңܿоʿȻӿȴЩǿиɵĸоҷסˣܱ˼֡
ҶغʿʮԶǵм໥ɱ
ҶؽһᣬɴѹȥǿѹסϵԶ۷ֵӺϵٵײϵȻޱȣȴ޷ԲһӸ顣
סɫС«סԼͬʱѹȥԽмߣһһߵıʿ
ʿȻһЩƷСɵַҶ֮£ȴ޷ʩչƷסһɿͬʱϡ
ֻƬ̹ʿ㷨漱ɫϣҪŲס
֧Ҫķ̫̫࣬졣
ѹʿ֮ڣʿɫԽԽ̣˾ĵز鷨Ҫס𣬲ӶǴˣٵĴ
ǾʿĽʿĿʿƵ˾ȴнп࣬˿ҳ־ԮһҪɴŮ˫ĶǶˣһ¶λ൤Ŵʦ
䡪
һ졣
׿ݽߵʿҲסҶص͵ʿؿڣʿǻȥ˼Ӳʯϡ
ʿԼؿڣĵڵϡ
ʿʿʦ֡ˣ˺Ȼһ˿Ҳʧڴ˵أзͬʱɴŮȥżĬתʯӡ㶪˷Ҳ籣סҪպŪһҲ١
ɴŮķһâ
ţâһΪʿû˿ƵķâֱӻɡǷͷһתʿ׷ȥ
ͣ
һʿҽһ䴩˺ġһʿҽӾ̣ͷҲأ˾ĳʯȥ
ˡ
ɴŮɱһʿ֮󣬻ʮĵ
ҶջһɴŮһʩչƿǽʿ׷ȥ⼸ŵĵȫɵ󻼣鷳
˰ʱ֮ǽʿĴٶȷ˶ʯҡʯѾţֻʬ塣к߼ͽ׷ڵᡣ
ɴŮбڶڴΣ֮󣬹ʶҲ֧Ųȥȫ˹ȥ


177 
Ҷطضʯңĳʯڴһֶۣ߸뿪ʱûŷʯڣɴŮԡ
ɴŮбڶϣһȻǻ˹ȥһɫľŮӵĽİ͹Գ˵زȫֻ񾱴¶ЩӨѩϧɴڵӣ޷ݡ
ɴŮԼʮģ
ҶذԲ²ţԣ޼ɵĿһǹһĨЦѹʿ˶ĹŵӣȴʼҲûº֣Ҳûԭʿķ׺ľܻ׽ϧ˻ûץԼɥ
ҶѾʮ꣬س¶Ů֮¶ҲһЩ
޹˼ɵĴⲢζܺɫκӣ˿̣޷һۡ
Щ棬λ൤ŵĴʦ㾿ʲôģҪɴҿһۡǸ֣ȴסɫ˺һ

λɴŮ൤ŵݣǸܿʵżȻѡ뿪뷵൤֮ɻһ൤ײͨӡΪΪΪƴΪ
ȻԼһ뿪ĵ¶ߣɹֻ൤Ŷ֮һѣλ൤Ŵʦ㻹֪жԶɴŮ˱ŵĽᵤ֮⣬˭Ҹɫ
ʵ͵λλɴŮκιϵ
ҶؿɬĬȻ˺һһ˿ḡһɨգ侲·ҪߡɴŮòΣʲôϵ
ʥˣĵ飬ҲûȥҪǿͬŵķϣһðճȡ֮뿪
Ҷ뵽ʶһɴŮ塣
ȫȫݽߣһ˿ʣ΢÷̫ãʶŻʹȥˡϲûԵ˺ۣӦûʲô󰭡
Ҷֹ˵˼䡣ʶģû취ʩȡֻܵԼѹָʶСЩɻλ൤Ŵʦôʮŵĵɱġ
һתͷɻĿ⣬Եһıϡ
ѱԼһߣΣûнӨ͸ź⣬Ϊһ顣ļˣһζѪӣ˸оһ˿ɱ
¾ɱ˹һʮӡ
ҶغĴһУϵץҪϸһʲôʱһɴ̹ǵıд־ֱ۶Ѫ͡
Ҷæ÷סƣͱ˿ż˱֮֡һСĹ򣬰Ѻų⡣
Ҷһղ̫ˣԭΪѾû˿ƣ̫û뵽㱻ֱۡǿҵı֮ͨͽ׷еġ
Сĵ÷סϼӲʯһ
ǣһıһʯ㡰ꡱһɢ˿ѳһСһС飬ɢضǡ
Ҷضʱһôô׾ˣ
ףԣһױϵҶؾȻ֣һ߳ıѳһһ糤̵С飬ʮ֮࣬ÿһһģһ
ҶؽһСڵһӲʯϣһĻۡڣֱꡣ
Ҷزɾ̾
ý
ÿһСϵȱϵƶɵıϵСʮɽͬʱݵĻ֮һļƷϵɽǲϱ㼫ѰңҲǳѹ൤ڣֻҲֻλʦſܵõһױϵɽ
Ҫһʮɽɵķûмǿʶ
൤ŵĴʦ㣬ӦרŽ͹ܲǡ
ҶĿͶĴϣ漴Ĵ򿪡ںܼ࣬û̫ĶɴŮ˽ƷҲûж࿴һӴڷһᱡŽ

Ҷϸһ£Ǻ׵Ľ
ϸļοһʼÿһһأԵҲԺ϶ΪһϲһٿַĸӣʶҪǼӴ
ϧ滹дˣǱϵʿſܷӳϵʿҪܶࡣ
Ҷزϧûбѧ⽣ҲӲ
ңǿѧˣҲûϵȵıϵɽáɱλɴŮС飬²֡
һ򲽽㹻Ѫ飬ҲûⱾȥ൤Žʢŭû൤ŵıӻⶴɱ˲ٵɵʿӣӿɲù
ױǷɽעûԵݡ
Ҷɫ粻Ժüͷջϧİѽ׷ŻŮĴڡ
󳯶һۣŨصѪζбڶڵɴŮʯѰһûѪĸɾطƽ̹¡
λʦӺᣬѰ˼ңŮϧɽУҲòΪ̤ɵƴɱ
ҶʮСĥ˺ûĹ򣬰ǸԭƴһŻɴŮԡ
ֻǰһСϲʯڣкü߹ŵӵʬ壬кöͼȻȲױǽҲԲˡ
ɿİʿϵɫСֽ߽ʿʬ嶼һ飬ҵļͽ׷ɽһѷɴһ⻷
ʿʿĴˣջķᡣƷʯٿ飬⻹һֽɲڵʹõŹ֮ࡪЩ
Ҷزɴ⡣
еĵͽ׷ԭеģʮ֮ࡣͽ׷㹻ĿǰˣһҲһʮɵڵ֮УҲҲӵʮͽ׷ƴ֡ĵˡ
ҶزĽЩϸʿӵĴܲҳʲôö
һĴʿĴȡһż
żС͹ӵţġ
ż棬һĴָС΢ͼ
Ҷʶ̽ϼȴһ޾Թʶոȥȴһˮ뺣һ˿ʣ
Ҷɫʱ󺧣ǿнʶжϣԼȫݽȥһ亹
ôһ£󲿷ֵ򣬶ʶ̽ļصϢżĪǲʶ̽ǲʶ̽ʲô̽
Ҷؾ֮࣬ΪԼ޷̽ż򣬶ޱȡ
ϸĹĦöżͼðι򣬲ŷһ΢С͵Ļ󣬻ΣԲ
ҶɫŹ֣ϻСͼǲ˼飬ϲˡͨ󷨣Ҫʯʿܷ
󷨣ֻҪעЩ΢ķ㹻ˡ
һ£żͼע뷨
ͼʼãֻ˱âҫķɽ֮ݺᣬնɱħɽƱɫһʱ䣬Щƻֹͣ
һл񶼾ֹ֮ͣżͼųҫ۱˵ɫâʾһĿޱȵͼıǡͼıǵ룬Ȼ໥ķɽͼΧС泯
Ҷؿͼƣͷһ
ɽ棬Եɢ˵ıǡԵǵÿһؿڶһǡ̤Եǵʱ򣬱ӡ̣񻹼ǵ
Сʻ״ţˣǹŵĶű־ΪǷɽͽǶɽɽ磬κһɿԱ⡣
źԵǵĻ£ͬʱżϡ
öż򣬸źԵǣӦöкԨԴ˵ɽУɣǴϿȵԵġͼıǣòǸʱİɣǿʱˡ
ҶĿɿڴż֣̲סһ¡


178 ص
ҶؽöСżоС죬ϵ÷ʶСȥ̽βܽż򿪣ӶùżصϢ
Ƿ֮̽շ֣Լʶ¹żھһԹʶ͸ȥ̽ڵʶֻ͸ԹΧ޷̽鵽Թ
¹һ£Ҫʮڵʶſ̽ԹĺĲλֻʿſߵʶżһš
ҶƲѣʱǲ֪ż澿ʲôˡȰż봢ڣ֮˵ɡ
ҶذѼ߹ŵʬЯĲﶼһգ󵯳ЩʬճɻҽͷһɴŮԲѣţҪһܴ޴ѹ
ҲеţɴⶴʯˣʯԶӶࡣʩչɽļ죬һΣһСƣܸٶȡ
ƣҶȡʯٶȷǳ졣
һգڵϵɴŮͻȻֳۣӣȻȥֱ࣬Լϲ΢ġ
һ¶ʯңɴŮ峺˫͸ɴڶȡʯһʿϡ
൤һĵӣ
ɴŮЩ۵Ȼ嵭ȴһ˵ϵĸоǴʦˣһһһһУ֪лη
ҶشӵϼոļƷʯͷ˹˷ɴŮһ֣˵Ȫ壬Ҷأʦ㣡
Ȼģеڣǲ˵ġ൤Žײɭϣ֮ͬ¾Ȼб
ɴŮϰԵס
󣬶ڳһʱ˶֪˵ʲôλʦ㣬ҶЩнԸ˵ֲѯð¶ʲôֻܳĬ
ջʸһʸʦˡˣô
ɴŮգգ۾Ҷеľƺ«ͻȻ˵
Ҷ΢΢һ㵣еľƺ«һۣ˵һЩǻϵƣܺȣ
ɴŮ˵ͷ
Ҷ̽еľƺ«͸
ɴŮӽӹƺ«һл򿪣Сɵıں«šĻþƣƺǾζϵƺټ
϶ʱһϲһɴ«ľƣһСڡϥ֮ٻָÿһСһСڡʱ֮ҡҡյĺ«ѾûơķŸոջָһ롣
ѽûˣ
һҡź«۾ȴµµĶҶأֻǲÿơֻýžһҶصע⣬ܲٶҪһơѾҪһ«ծ಻
ҶʧЦλʸʦƤۡ
û£ﻹһ«ơȰѷȫָ
ٸһ㡣Ҵڽ붴ߵʱùˡ൤֮Ҽӱ㡣ɴŮЦ֪ԼСʶˣϺˡ
ҶشӴóһͺ««װŵǱ˪ơ
ƶҶ˵֮ߡֻҪʯϸֳһѻ潬ͱ˪Щһʱգ
ϸڣڿþƳֲͬĹƣֱľϵľƣϵĻƣһǱϵı˪ơ
Ʋǿʲô߶ܺȡ
ҶƽʱҲֻȻƣٺȱ˪ơ
ɻϵƶɣֻлܹܵסƵĳͬ˪ɱϵĽƶɣֻб߲ŸҴá
ߺһڵĻֻҪ
ȻˣżһСڣƷʣҲ޴󰭡ĺˡ
ֵϵ֮⣬лϵơ
ɣƱĻƣɶֲͬϵҩƣ߶Ժȣǳܻӭ
ҶѾ²²λ൤ŵĴʦԡʹñܺȻƣӦͬʱӵбͻߡ
ɴŮӷһͺ«ﶼǱϵƣʱ¶ϲ֮ɫϵĹƷǳټ൤ڲǳָ͡ʱ֮󣬳׻ָеķ
ָ˷֮ŶǴӴȡһ鵤֮󣬼һײ֪Ĺ񣬻ָصʶʱʮСǽԶʻ״֮ڣлһֻӴʱֻҲ޷֡
ҶΣֻǿվһԿšɴŮɲھŲ֮󣬾ĹҲԶҲһһأΪڻԶ
ģԼۣ᲻ѲˣﻹҼȥ
ɴŮ˿뿪ⶴߡҶȴЩʯѾһʱ䣬ֻ¸ɵӣӽһȺɵʿӿһս
ʱĴ򿪵ͼ鿴ǷɵĵЯᣬӽڵĵط
ڣɴŮûе̫ãֻ˶ʱչɻԱ֮ǰɫ࣬Ȼûȫָٻָһ롣
Ҷʦܣһڶ̫Σˣ߰ɣ
ɴŮƽʱڶ̫ںͬŽʡ˵⻰ʱֻϰԵһĴʦ˵˵⻰˿ûиоס
֮ҪҶظһжȻĿǡ²⣬λͬʿ֮ԻΪСӵͬʧɢֻڿں߶
һߣǷǳΣյġǿʵ⵽ȺŵӵΧҲʧֱܡҪ˵һʿˡ
λͬŵⴳһȻһڶ߿ðաҶʲôΪʲôкüġ
Ϊ൤ŵݣѾϰ߶൤ڣʶڵӡǸ߲ĺĵӣҲֻϵʮλѣ硣
Ҷ⻰ӣЦá
һⶴڲǺúõôô̫ΣգһʵǿĴʦշţڶڵǿԼٺܶѹǿ϶ġ
Ͼʵλ൤ŵĴʦ㣬вСĲࡣһܿסһʮʿĹ
ɴŮ뿪ʯңݶȥɴŮȥĲǱĵطǵصҲصĵط
ȻҲҶȥʶһµĵطȻһߡ
ΪһĹϵʱڵĿѾԿɵĵӡżȻɵСӵӣȴɴŮķɽˡ
ɴŮԴֻ΢üͷ׷ϡ
֮
Ƕ߶ڣһݵĴƶһȵ磬ݵƶХĹ붴߶ʯ
ɴŮȫ֣ס磬ֱֳСǰ棬ݵĴƶȥ
Ҷس׵ĴƶɨһۣаĻƶ¾ǧǰڿʱ򣬲СĸͨģӦͨص޵ĳѨ
ƽĸں棬ӡǰңһб䣬ʱԽзͬʱһְڴϡЩΣգ̫ġ£ҲܿߣڰС


179 㣬ص׻ܶ
ҶظɴŮĺ棬ݶڴ֣ǿ磬صȥǰִƬĺ⡣ǶʮԶ˵ϡ
ܴһۣǰһУһǵܶܶԶԶ󣬳ӴеͰɽ͡ݡʯ֡ѷ죬º̶ȵںһڡܶںɵһƬʹԶȥҲ߼ʡ
صܶڶľ޴ʯ֧šÿһʯɸߣʮҲΧ£ģب£ţۻ׳ۡ
Щܶڵľʯܰص֧ųһƬ磬ܵĺֹǧ֮ء⣬ܶĶϣļľʯľһʯֻ¶ʮɳ
Ҷػͷ·ȥžȻķ֣Լǲһбľ޴ʯġʯߣԷĶ߶ƶ
ֻܶʮӦ붴ߵĵˡ
Ҷذ
Ȼγɵľ͵صܶڳ߶ĿɱȡڵĻֻɽɣڸǧ꣬Ҳڲޱ޼ʵĵܶ
ܶңԶһҫ۵ĺɫҽʡҽӣܶӳճ˺ɫ˹һ򣬱Ҷغ䤱
ɴŮȻбҲⲻ죬ʪ֬ϼļϣ͹µԼɼҶȻĶҶ࿴æƲͷ
ܶڳŨҵĻֲͨҰ޸޷档ǻϵֲͻϵޣǵܻļáĻݺڴľضǡҶһŻһҡҷĻͲݣպ˵֦ĳԼʺѪѪЩͨĻ¼ֻܳڻĵ֮
Ҷؽɳɳֱ죬ִӵϼһʯͷһϵʯֳʯ֮󣬿ϵǷ
Ҷزɵһ¿ˮ۷Ź⡣
һСʯͷǻϵʯ¿϶о͵ĻϵشڡӴĿزƸ֮󣬲ƴǹ¡ûǸܵһӴܶǵֹϷ֡
ɴŮʱҲһϵʯ飬ſʯڵĻϵϢϲĵ˵ĹȻܶڹȻضǻϵʯ϶ҵʺϴϵɽļƷϵʯ
Ŀܶ˷ȥ
Ұ̫ã̫أɵһƬҪǸʮɱֻܿһҪǸԶֻܿǳӰӡ
ص۵ĻŵľʯԼңԶɫҽҽӾǹиʮԶĺܶڼҫۣܹ
ɴŮٳɣǺҽӷɱȥ·Եĸɫϵʯǵͽ׻Ǹ߽ףм࿴һۡĵͼʯûá
Ҷޱȡ񻹲λʸʦʲôɴŮ飬ƺ˽⣬ǿҵĿģҪʲô
ֲÿѯʡ
ΨһǣĿĿ϶ǳġ൤ŵڵӣаǧ֮ڣûʸλ൤ŴʦС
ܸλ൤Ŵʦһж뻹λʦ㿴һķϣŰϡ
ҶţһԥȥϾһߣ϶һҪЩΣգԷֵôҲմһ⡣ܲܰصһ˰ɡ
·żص׵ޣ׵ǴǲԶĹľкХ߶ƺ׷ͷӥǵͷǶ˸סֻڲľʯ֮ǰ
ص׵ޣǿĿɿڴＸһס׵Сޡ󲿷ֶޣĽޡ൱ڸ߽׵ʿĽѾڵͽʿſȡ
Ҳ˵ܶڣһͷޣͨڵͽ׺н׵ʿǱӣֻڸ߽׵ʿǿֵסĽޣֱɣûһȺʿΧƤë
ѹǧǰЩڿĿ󹤣ɴ࣬ûӳȥҪ֪ڿܵڿڿĿ󹤣Ϊ̫ͨߣڵͽףнףΪʯβŻȥڿ
ҶЩڸҲ֪ص̫ȣΪһͷͷǿܶܵԵʡ
ҶغɴŮ˵Ľ޶ǵвҲ
ǶھŲʿ
ɴŮӵһ׹ǿķʵԶͨʿһˣҲɱκһͷޣǿֵסһͷĽޡ
ҶûмƷóüǴ´ġȻʵûеλʦ̬ĵزҲͨʿԱȵϡ
סĽޣɱҲ㹻Ա֮
ӦܶһСʿڴʿ֮ܶǰѰܶѻᡣصܶڵĺöɾȵȵãû˻

Ƕ˴ڴ뿪֮󣬴Լһʱ̷εӣڰ˲;Ųʿݴ֡϶մԵĺɫѪƣ˺ۡҪô׷ɱˣҪô׷ɱ
ʿƶһûΣ֮žʯ뵽ܶڡǱۻĵصܶĴ˺ðΡ
Щŵһ·ܹ߿㣬ص׵ܶǳ˾ʿϵľϲδ̫áΪ׵һɫĺӣʿȻһƣϴ˺֮Уھʯ
Ź˰ʱĳСɵʿɫҴҵĳڶ߶ݴܿ죬žʯܶڡ
Ǳܶ𾪵ʱ򣬾иһɲǡ
һâͻ֣ǰʿȥǻʿɫһ䣬æŤȴûüȫܿǵâзһҽСһ첲һ鵶ˣͷѡ
ǻҲӲʣ⵽ˣʹ𣬼ѸҧϣȴȻޱȣȣ͵Ϯɱ鵶Ϯŵӿȥ
¸£Ǽ׷ɱǰˣڸóӵˡȥɣ
һɫºӣӲ֮һ˳Ǽʿвٿһɵɵıһɫ˿ߣǿɫ˿߽вٿء
ŵӷų޴еͷޣͬʱɵŮʿ̻սɱһ

źһСɵʿ˲ƣ룬ܶĽڴɱʱ
ҶغɴŮҲǽ֮ܶΣǽ֮ܶһ·СǱУܿ;޺޳ѨɲСĴһͷ޵ĵ̣ͷ޶ˡ
һɫӰӣϢɿ˫ᣬڵͿշУ벻ͻȻҶص
Ҷܸ߶ȷױУһݣһ㣬Ĵԭʧ֮⣬ܿǵȷĺӰ
ͬʱѾ׼ӣָһˡһռһȴƼǿĲˣǺӰϯ˹ȥǺӰûмʶĹʱĻͷתһͷԵڵϡ
վ֮ҶеĳǺӰȥ
Ȼһͷһɸߣģ˫˫ߣӦߡͨߣϸܵۼסججڵϹһ£һԾ˫վţĶ˫ͷһһµһЩɫɺŭҶأƺողűҶػڵϡ
Ҷһͷ߾Ȼֻգ۹򣬱ѹֻ²öԸ


180 
ɴŮǰ̽·ʮԶȻһͳķ޵˻֪ͬʦܺ޴Ǹˣ漴վסͷȥҶӰһͷģĺ߸һ¡
ͷ߿ǿڵ˱ԾݺݵĶҶأٶȷ˹ȥ
Ҷһ׳ӵסߵĹһֲٿٶȳնȥͷ׺߻ϸܵۼףǷҲδܹ˺Ψͷۼڣ׹÷ͷȫһǽش
Ҷؿ׼֮ٿɽͷ̹ȥ
׵ĺߣ˫ж쳣ѸͣôױɽУĶ˫ܿ͵سҶײȴӸȫס
ιûܴͷۼϣƬۼ׻飬˺һĿӣɺѪҺӿ
߶ʱʹֲ᲻صӵĿ񱩣ͷ˻˻ֽţϬצǰ裬ҪӸײҶظ˺ѳƬ
ҶһЦ֪ΪԼгɵĿ죬ûǲǣ
ָһһ׹ϣˣһƵĺ߹ȥ
ı£Ҳ㲻ΧĲ˺ԴʱǱһ׸ըһɲǼج˹ȥޱȵʱһʧȥƣӰһͷ׹
ҶĻٸһָһâɫâ̳ͷ˹ȥ
͡
ߵͷɫâ䴩һ̲̰׺Խߵͷʬ׹ڵϣžһˤںɰʯϣҲû˿Ķ
Ҷ˻ȥ⡣ڶڲݷԽԽĵˡӺͷɽ
ߵӸݵĻΣһɽȥڡٶѹҪͷûôˡ
ɴŮԭ֧ԮһĻջı
Щȣ˶̵ʱ佫һͷ޽ɲס⣬Լ֣Ҳδɾ䡣һ룬ܿȻǹŵʿɥλͬʦܵɱһͷޣ¡
ɴŮվһɰϣܵĻһۣǰǵƽ̹ĺɰʯشǵͰĺɫľͺɫɰʯ
ǱһѨܿߵĳѨǷȺӣǻǾ뿪ΪѪζܿޡ
Ŀͣ±һѺɫɰʯ˵һɿĶѨڻһСڳɰʯӦǺߵĶѨ
߰ɣ
Ҷص˵ͷ޳Ѩܾô
ʱ֮˺ɰʯشǰĵ·ȴԽļ
ﲢֹһߵĳѨ鵽ǣ𾪡ÿһ߶ѨһͷͷȡЩ߶иԵĵ̣һյĳȺɱֻ¶㶼ûܡ
Ҫȥҽӣ޿ɱҪЩѨأǲѡ
ɴŮǰ̽·һڵʱͻȻɫһ䡣ǽɳǰֻǰһͺߵĳѨأͷĺڽѨצæµɰʯһͷĻͷɴŮϡ
Сģͷ
ɴŮæ󳷣ںʮԶҶʾͷߣȫҲס̼ٺ󳷡ߴ߳˵ҶصĺС
Ҷزδӣӷȫ߶ڹ䷨ɴŮ嵽棬ͷ߷ϰգ׷ʱ͵ĽӴһһεĲˣͷߺȥ
ͷ׷ĺߣ˺ɨʱһԡ
ɴŮ̶סΣһǽ˳ȥڰ;֮УǽͻȻɢѿһΪ壬âͷʣ׹ĺ߼
žУѿȻѪգ۹Ƭɰʯشֶͷ޵ʬ塣
Ƕ˷ҽǱȥ

һ֮󣬶Ѿ½֧ɵСӡ
ĳСɵһСӵʿƬɰʯصʱ
ǰ̽·ʿ⿴ͷ޺ʬĲ״ɾ
λʦ֣ͷ˵ޣ
ںʮ֮ڣСĽ䱸ܵʿ̷׷׳ǰ⼸ͷߵԡϸһǵ򣬲ɵ˺Ȼ
۲Զһôģ
ͷ˺⣬û˺ۡ
Ҫ˺ֻ±Ƕ÷ɽУҪ׼ĳ档ɿûĸ֡ʦ֣ҿǻǻһ·߰ɡҪǰϡһϣ³ͷ޺϶١
̽·ʿΪ׵Ķӳľ˵
Ե༸ˣ׷׵ͷ
Ϊ׵ʿӳͬмɵͷͬ⡣
Ӧǰߣߡ
֮ǰҲߣʶߵܷɣٶȼ죬ҪǵԴѶȼߡȴʿܹЩֱһ˿û˺ۣⲻܲ𾪾嵽˼㡣

ȻһٻɱͷĺߣɴŮϵĵ֮ɫȴδ١ǧǰһλ൤ʦܶһЩϢ˵붴мƷϵʯڣλǰʦδἰ֮ǰЩ͹޵ʵ
ԥ˺һ¶ģͷһֱĬҶءλͬʦܣ˵ĵһӡʮֵͨòۡ⼸ȴ֣λʦܵʵǿѧļ죬ڰģĲݷַ͵ĳ棬Һ̣͵סį
λȹһεͬʦܣȥΣյĵطðա
ɴŮ۾ҶأЩ۵˵ǰҽӣԼʮ·ֻ̣»Σյĸ߽ޣǳΣաǺһȥ㲻ȥĻҡȹգҴҽӻһ뿪붴ߡ
ҶЩ죬ˣôȥȥ
һ£ʵҽӸʲô
ɴŮûҪ󷽵˵һּƷϵ󾧣ƻϵļƷϡּƷϵ󾧣ֻڵصҽӱ߲С㵽ڸ߽ףֻϵƳĻϵҲǿķ룬ʵѰҵص׵ֻϵһ׻ϵɽ
ҶسĬһ¡
ĿģҪΪʯݣʯѾ㹻ֳʮҪݣİպܴȫֱ뿪붴ߣصȥ൤ɽչ
Ӷ㷵ص·̷ǳԶҪ߶㡢һ㣬Ҫһʮʱ䡣һ·ϣɵʿٲԡѪɱſ뿪붴ߡ
Էص棬ֻ»ʱⶴȫ
˵Ѿⶴ㣬ܰһˣص׵˳ûи߼ֵĶԽ֮ܶһ·ϣҵĶͦġһЩĲ֪ĻϵľǵĹʵ˳ժȡ£ڴڴһ·ϣɼʮ֮Ļϵľӣ˵׼պϡ
ƼƷϵɽĲϣڵǼҵЩϵȵĻϵʯȥȻ顣
ߵˣа;ϵĵ
ҶҡҡͷЦȻлϵ󾧣һȥ˵ܲһЩպƻϵ
ɴŮһδ֣ðɣ޷Ӧĸ߽ޣߡص׶Ա֮ùҡ
ԽСǰ


181 ػͻϵ
صܶڣһ᫵ĵص״ѷ죬ʮԼһɡص״ѷ·ǻʺҫ۵һҽ
ػ𲻶ϵĴӴѷӿػʮɸߴҽðڶݡҽӳͨ죬죬ܶӦѪɫҽӱߣ֮ˣͨĵͽ׻ϵޣҲͲסǿҵģҽӱ߸û
ʱһӰһŮӰվѷıԵҶغɴŮˣһ·Сĵıܿ;ޣɱʮͷޣҽӡǵ½ȻǶǵҽӡ
ҶѾɫˮϵֵ֣̫֮֮ǿңΪάֻ֣벻ϵĻķ֧ס
ɴŮڴѷıԵͣ½Ų·ҽӣбҪҶؽһ£ϡͿ
ź촽۵˵ѷ죬ˡǧǰҽڵĵػ緢ܶڵޣǴӶ߶ݴųӣĳʯɵĿػƽϢ֮Щ½ص
Ҷʸʦô֪
ɴŮЦǧǰɵʦ˴еػӿ׷ǰ̽һܶҽӱȡ˴Ļϵ󾧡൤ŵһλʦҲҸŵĺһЩϢ򵥵
ʯ֮ԱӡΪΪĵҽӲȣʱ緢űȷʯʦԷӡ붴ߡĻɾ˸Ŀ󹤣ֻҲ뿪
ĵصҽӣɽ֮в١ҽӱ߶꣬ǧꡢĻϵ󾧡ҽӵĻϵ󾧣һ֣ܿ챻߽׵߲ߡ൤ɽĵصףҲһ΢Сĵػÿɼһλϵʯϵ
ɴŮһ٣ĵػҽӿ֮󣬲ƽϢȥɽûҪ¿룬㳹׷ˡĵػֻСģӿû̫ķֻҪص׵޳ˣ˼󹤱ˡ
Ҷزɵ뱻ӡǧ꣬϶²ٵǧݵĻϵ󾧡ȸɵʿ֮ܶеޣ϶ģĿɻϵʯ
ɴŮҪȡһСĻϵ󾧡ȸɵʿˣкܶ鷳
ҶĬĬͷ
ʸʦⷬڶɻʱ⿪
ҽ·ȥĻϵ󾧣ѷұ·ܵػǧոһյգͨĻϵʯΪޱȵĿ󾧡
ұнɣҪȥҵϵ󾧣
ڵػ緢ıԵ
ɴŮԥһ˵ԴҲ̫൤ǧǰλ棬ֻἰĵҽлϵ󾧣δ˵󾧾ʲôλá
վڴѷıԵѷҽұڴһұһһĺɫľ壬ͻȻ¶ϲ֮ɫҶʦܣϵ󾧾棬Լҽʮҵĸߴ
Ҷ۾ϸȥҽҫۺֵĴѷұϣȻһЩ΢΢ĺɫ󾧡
ǿ֮
һ
ҽڵĵػڣʱıһɹ̵ҽɽʮɸߡ
㿪˻֣Ҳػ֧֮СƬ̵Ĺ
СƬ̹Ҫѻϵڳܡ߶ʯڵĶҪ˵ⶴҽӱߵĻϵ󾧡
ҪǱػУǱһǿн׻УἫĻֵķһڵķĽߣҪĻϵȡ֣һ׵顣
Ҷؾɵʮɣҽ̫ˡػȫ緢ʮɸߣʱܻᱻػСһµû̫⣬Ʋ˻֣Ƕతϼ£˭Ҳסôڣ
ɴŮȴɫصҡͷûȥֵػͨĺ׵ػ𣬴Լȵʿ𡣶һǧƺ׵ػ֮УֺһƸΪԵ׵ػȫȵʿһǧ׵ػ֮Уһ״ڣƽʿһһ׵ػ𣬱ԽָΪҽԪӲԾû֣÷ȥֵ
˵ɴŮЦЦҶʦܣҼǵǼŵϵķûˣӦöǱȥ˰ɣǲǽʦһá
ɴŮ᲻Լıǽұڳ󾧣һıǽɻһЦҶϣ֪Ҷϵ١
Ҷشһ£ڴС죬ɴŮĿŲţεóһͽ׷ɽһͽ⻷ŵ߼ȫһʱҲòϣڴڣû뵽ȴó
ɴŮӹСɵķϵȻȴΪЦЦҶʦܹȻɣɽڿʯһػ緢ֿԿһ⻷ȥֵʺϲˡ
߰ɣʦ
ŵص״ѷԵһҽƽػӿҵĵط۲һʱûʲô쳣ŴӴѷһұϣȥ쳣գʩչ
ҶҲСĲұϰ͹ʯȥȴ¶һ˿ɬĵЦ
ɵ߰ǰڲҩʱΣͬҪðżΣգȥɽͱϲɼҩֻǸʱһʮĲҩѧͽʮ֮⣬޳ҰɽҰֻƴҪ̤;ֻ˿̻سǣΪһĲҩɽ䱼ߡ
ھŲʿ߰ǮѾ֪϶ٱɽ磬ײʿûʲôλҪⶴ֮У˻Ʋ
Ҷһţһץʯ
ⷢұвٵѷ죬ºüˡǵص״ѷѿʱЩСѷҲѿγɵġ
һֱ߰ʮңҽ棬Լжʮҡ֮ҲסƤʹ߶ȵұϣѾвٵĵɫͺɫĻϵ󾧡
Ҷһۣʸʦ㻹һҧĺ«һСڵı˪ƣʱˬޱȣָܻɢȥȡ
ֱ뼫вĵػҽʮɣǶ˲ͣˡ
λѣػӿʱĻϵʯǧ겻ϵľŵػĴѾľ
ڣѡһεҽ棬ƺƽδػǿԴݵȡϵ󾧡ߣҽ棬̫ΣաϣػĻƲҲ
ĻϵʯѾǵɫɫɫԽ󾧵ԽΪá
ҶؾϲĿڹ̵ұϣһСһСɫ壬󲿷ǵɫһȴɫġͻȻɻĿڿϵһۣеϵǺܵɫɫ󾧣ϵһɫѵɫ󾧴ɵģ
ɴŮһۣȴЦǱϵֻϾѣһϾǾ׵ػķŵγɡϾֻ½ʿҲ˲˷ֺ


182 ҽʯ
Ҷڵص״ѷұȹסٿϵϵע뷨ϵѸǴΪһߣҫ۵ɫâ͵ĿһɫĿϡ
һĽϵֱӵϾû˿ۡ
Ҷزɵһ㶣һϾļӲ̶ȣǳԵĽϾҲ̫Ӳ˰ɡ
û취ֱӰϾֻɫΧɫʯȥ÷ڣһҲֻȥһڵʯɳѡֻûĹ򣬸ұôһСɫ󾧡
Ҫ֪ھŲʿһ÷󾧡ɵͽ׵ʿſ䣬ֻ¿ãҲһʯĩڲ
Ҷزզࡣ
ǼƷϵ󾧣ȡ˵ļѡպƳɻϵӦ൱
Ҳٶ룬ڰɣļƷϵϲҡȸɵʿصҽ֮˵ԺҪŪĻϵ󾧣Ҳˡ

ܶڣʮﳤĵصҽӵĳұϣڿ
֮
ҶؾϲץһСɫ󾧡Ͼ糤Ĵָ֣ȴĳ̺żŨҵĻ뵵ϹǷƷļƷϵ󾧣ȻûзĴֱϸ
һɫ֮󣬼ұѰֿ󾧡Ŀ󾧴󲿷ֶǵɫģɫļټұƶϰԶһĹһұҵڶɫ󾧡
׼ʼɫ󾧡
ͻȻ·ʮɴҽڳһɲʼҽݡ
ҶŤͷһۣδ̫⡣ҽÿһʱңðһЩݣ⼸Ѿ˾ռߡҽżһЩ΢ĺ׵ػҲ£ûиʲôв
Ҫͷרڿв֪ģͻȻһ˿ŹֵľﲻԾٶȻͷӵ׵ҽȥɲΧʮɣҪҪĶࡣ
ܿһɽϴĵػҪĵػҽݣ϶Ҫ֮ǰǿࡣ
Ҷ뵽ܣٳɣұһ㣬γұϷɴڶȥ׼ұϷĸߴܿɼ緢ӿػ
Ȼһҽ䡣
䣡
һɾ޴ҽЮޱȵƣ𣬲ƫʮɸߵұϵҶײ
Ҷطԣ̸ı䷽һΣǿһƮɣҪܿǵĹҽǹҽһҲתһ䣬׷Ҷء
ҽӵ׸
Ҷز״ʱһҪƿڴز㲻۾Ҳ֪ǵػ緢Ǳҽӵ£ͼǳҽô֪䡣
ҶȻתһ˦˷ϵΪһâҽ׷ҽӭͷһΪ롣
ǹҽһ±Ϊ룬ʧȥƣ׹ҽУĺ޵ҽ˻
ҶұϣĿĶҽ棬Ҫҳڵλãʲôҽӵ˷ˡʱȴµҽѾָƽ޶
֮ĺ棬һҽˣɴŮһͷӵ޼Һԭ޲ûаҪĿ꣬ǶɴŮ
Ҷһ£ԭϢʮأŵϢ΢һʿ˶١Ǻӵ׵ȻСĶַֻǡ͡һҽתϢǿɴŮ
һҽɵһһʿûκ⡣ҪɵҶأȫûпܡ
ҶϸͷںɴŮĺӵ޿ȥ
һͷߴʮɣԲĹĵľ޴ҽ򣬱һһĺɫʯƴɵʯ򣬻ðźɫ棬ޱȣʯͷţͷʲôޡ
ΪҽʯӦòࡣ
ͷҽʯޣŭķĵͺվһʮɸߵҽˣĻҽݺݵĳұϵɴŮײȥҪǱײУֻҪ̼ǡ
Ҷڰ֮⣬һаһ
ҽʯ޵ĿͷҲ̫ˡͷߴʮɵҽʯޱֱСվھǰҲͷ
ҽӵĵػʮܹҽ棬ͷҽʯ޾ͨͽ޿ɱȡҲĽ׻׵Ļϵޣʵڵͽʿܸߡ
뵽Ҷضͷϵ亹ʱð˳аû뵽ȻʱӺӵðһͷϵޡ
ûóȻȥѡ˹ս޵ĵȽ̫ߣʵóȻȥֻǰװѡûϡͿȥңʵҲ֪λʸʦʵ
ҽʯЮҽ棬ӿɴŮѹȥ
ɴŮɫأղ⻷޾һ̴ٵĽ֣Ѿ΢̽ͷҽʯ޵ʵӦͷ׵Ļϵޣ൱н׵ʵ

֣൤ŵ鼮дδҽĻϵ޵ļء֪ǺޣֻҪѰҵˣðʯͷһȴδκμأĪܶڶеޣ
ɴŮ£ұϷɿƶ˿ҵǽ׷ҽʯ޻ȥԼײϡ
䣡
һ⣬ײҽʯ޵ϡ
ϧ޴ıǽҲֻͷҽ޵һĻ۶ѡͷߴʮɵҽʯ޻ʯţ˵ɱҪ˶ܡ
Ļۣ˶㡣
ǣͷҽʯ޵ƺСǽһ֮ıˣͳĺһˣҲϿɴŮ
ˣζҪɴŮ
෴Ȼŭ֮£Ϊңϵʯѿһ϶һţ¡¡¡
³һűĪĺɫ档ЩӿڰֱӻûΪһɴСȼյޣݣɴŮ͹ȥ
н׻ϵһͷͨϵ޷ҽʯޣ
ҶشʧʧұˤȥʱӦһĴ̳һѩ׵ľķ˿õĻ׹ҽڡ
дͷҽʯҲ̫޳ˣǰȥǽȴŪһѵ޽йҪӴޱȵķɴŮ޵ķʩչн׷СһھŲʿû취ƴ
ɴŮԼʮ֮ڣʮͷޣΧ˹ʱʧɫһ߳һָǽΪâĻͷһնͷΪ룬ʧ
٣Ҫӻ޵İΧ֮УϷͻΧȥ
ҽʯ޴һ£ŭ壬ϵʯͷٴѿһӣ¡¡¡³Сŵĺɫ棬Щԭػûɸ޵ģ
ߣɰǣ˫ͷգ汩ܣβ˷ϵ£ɴŮΧסΧȥ
Щޣܶڵ޵״һģһΨһǣǽһŻû״棬ҽʯ޵Ŀƣǻ
ɴŮȻϱ˪ȫʩųеıС
Ƕ󡪡
һǽɳһΪΪģĻΪˣ˻Ϊʮʮһ߳ıǺâһ޴ıǺ⽣ܺн׻ޣһնѽ顣
Ҷػڰ֮⣬ɲǼ䣬ǱǽĺâεۻңĿϾӣĶǡ
ʮǽڵм䣬ɱħɱħֻûмܵס˱һĹֻʵ΢ѷɫһʿˣҲǽ֮°ˣȥӲӡ
ǿЩסڵӣɴŮ׽˭˭ϧޣͷ޳ܵޡ
ҽʯ޺ɴŮ֮ս̫ң岻֡
Ҷز֪ǣɴŮȻܹʩչ˰ԵĽȴһڷȥųɣٴʩչΪȱݣʹá
˿ֻܽʣķȫұϷȥҽӡֻҪ뿪ҽӣҽʯδػ׷һֱš
ҽʯͬʮǽɵĽһ˿ɡûУȴ֮ߣޣͷŶٳһţ¡¡¡
ҶĿһĻ
޳ܡǵȷܹõ
˿Ҷص⣬йȻֻûһȺޣͷǵصĳɴŮΧȥ
ɴŮֻ嵽ұʮɴұڶϻһ·̣Ҳ޷ǰʮͷн׻޸Χס˾֮Сһн׷ȻδǾԡ
ɴŮֻܱĿǽǰŻ޵ĺ䡢䣡ӲͷޣķĽߣҲ֧Ųסҽ׹ȥ
Ҷؾˣǿҽʯ޵Ķ֣ɴŮһϣҲǰ״λʸʦҲ˵ҪӦ˵ĸ߽ޣߣԱİ취
˵Ӧ뿪˵ء
Ҷػͷһۣҽ׹ɴŮȴ΢΢̾һԱ취òǴ˵翵תɣǿɲʲô⡣

ѩһģҶشԭʧٳֵʱѾҽֻɣɴŮڻ˫ķš
ЦĳʹȥɴŮһ̧ۡͷĮĿ⣬Ʈڰеĸߴޱȵҽʯ޿ȥ


183 
޴ҽʯޣƵʮֻޣߡ˫ͷաҽӵϷҶϷոס롣
ҽʯΪɴŮҽӶе˷ܣУΧ䣬ȴһӰɴŮסʱȻŭָŴȺޣҶǵصѹ
Ҷ̧ͷȥ棬üͷ
Ӳƴ϶ǲС
ӣҪӵ㹻С
ĶʩչƿðűػеΣգԼͿյ̬ҽڷСҪڴȺްΧ£֮ǰҽʯ޵ĹΧ

һɫӰҽ棬˲ơ
ǲŸոʩչһƿҶصɫϴ䣬ޱȡ
ƿһοƿ˲ƽʮԶһ˵֮˲ƾȻȵһ룬Ķһ˫˲ƶʮѾǼޡ
ľʵѾǷǳ̡Ҫ֪ܶһͷ˫ͷգչһɣܷɸʮԶɻûɵĻ˫ͷգٶȸ޼һ졣
ٶϣ˿ռơ
ңƿǿ޼ϵʩչΪÿʩչһΣҪڹ뷨ٴĶ˫Сǹ䷨Ķ˫ⶼҪʱ䡣
ҶضƿʩչѾ죬һգ۹ʩչһƿȴǿ첻˫ͷյķٶȡҶذе˶£ȫʩչƿ뿪Ҫ˫ͷտϼ֡
⻹˫ͷյٶȡ
ֲͷҽʯޡ׵ҽʯ޵ٶȸΪֲһ㳬ʮɡ͵һ壬Զٶȣ˵ǲκáʼնҶصͷϣҶ»ĹΧ
Ҷطһ֮󣬶ʱͷޱȡȻһˣȵٶȡˣͬҲܲҽʯޡ
ͷҽʯƺҶҪܵͼϵ³һŵ棬ûΪٶ죬ѸޱȵĻ˫ͷգҶصǰ棬Χ׷½ء
ҶػԶ㷢ǰѾ߰ͷ˫ͷյסȥ·ͷʮͷ汩ܣһȺĻߡ
ʮͷһӿ
ҶضʱżûǿĽֵЩޣҪǱʮͷһϣʬǶҲ
֮䣬ҶسҿȥǵصҽӵĺɫұڡЩұϣһСѷ졣Щѷխֻ߿ʮɿ
ҶƳҽӵұһɿպÿͨ˵ѷ죬˲ô࣬һҧ˫һģѷڡ
СѷȻɿȴɡСѷʯ͹ƽвٵĵطţСѷ»ҽżҲ΢ĵػ˳Сѷ
Сѷ֮֮ҶشɴŮɿСѷȥⱻͷҽʯ޸
ҽʯ޽׷Сѷǰȴȥˡ
ʮɵ̫Ӵ󣬸޷ұڵСѷ֮ڡҽʯޱŭŭײڵʯ΢΢ϧȴҲ޷Щǧػʯ
ŭſڳ϶棬ЩûЩɴСޣΪӴҲСѷ棬޷ȥ
ҶСѷڿٴУ˽ɣСѷһɿƽ̹ĵطɴŮ¡֧ϱ޺Żʹȥһ£һڱ˪ĿУڻָ
Ҷ̧ͷСѷڵĻֻͷһҽʯޣ΢һطʱû⣬鷳Сѷĳڱͷֲҽʯ޸סˣô뿪
ǹɴŮȫĵطԼһ˶Էɳˣҽʯ޸ߡͷ㱻ֱӷûɴŮķٶɻ̫޷ҽʯ޵ѡҪҽӵұڣдССѷ죬ֻҲںӵˡ
Ҷ˺һûӦԵİ취ֻܿ̾ҡҡͷڵϣָ
ɴŮһڱ˪ƣ֮󣬽ѹɻĳԿһ£ǵԼƺ׹ҽӣôڷ϶У
ܿ죬ҶڲԶָһЩʱΣƺҪ׹еʱһӰԣʵֱۣס룬㳹ʧȥʶ
խұѷУ滹ҽʯ޵ķŭһ룬׹ҽʯ޵ٶȣҶʦҲܱ졣ҶʦǴΨһȫұѷ֮Уݱܷâ
ɴŮδҶػָ˵վСѷڴ̽һ£ܿ죬ʧĻصСѷ
ڶȺĻ޸סûа취ȥ
ɴŮǣЯʳˮֻһʹáҪͷҽʯһֱĻȱ㹻ʳˮû취ȥ
Ҷʦܣûдͬʦֵǰ֧Ԯ
ҶҡҡͷǱųڻģЩĵӵѣΣգҲֻܿԼ˭ҪΣյĵطɿµʿĵͽʿڶǣһаǧɸΪһͽ۵ӷ˵ⶴԸǩˣܻǱ£⣬˭ôࡣ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ʸʦ㣬ûô
ɴŮҡҡͷһȻûСҴˣҲȡҵ飬ڵû˸Ҳ֡յˣҲֻᵱû¹ϵҵͳʦ塣Ҷʦܣ㲻֪ô
ҶãȻҡҡͷκһ֪Ͳ˽״
ɴŮԥһ£ƺһ˵һ¡ͳʦ˫ޣʦ֮ĶԹЩ飬൤ʿֻû˸ҹۡ
˵֮ĶҶصɫҶصķӦ
ҶصķӦҲ֡
һ£һ飿£ȴһֹ֪һ䣬ʦҲ̫ĺˣС۵Ůˡ˵վǱ˼ҵ飬̫ϡ⣬պһҪܿʦ鷳
ɴŮҶûʲôӦǳʦ治ΪȻ΢һֻҪҶʦܲʦͷˡ
û취ԮֻܿԼ
ɴŮʱĵСѷڴ̽ͷҽʯߣҪ̵С޸ճɻҽſϰݡ
ʿٹȲʳĵزͷҽʯһأ㲻ɱǣͻǡ
ɴŮΪǵġ
Ҷزһ㣬ϸڶڻ˴ʯֲݣЩʯֲһһӣʮҲ˿û⡣ģһȫĵطչճΪʿ
֮ҽʯ޻û뿪ɴŮԥã֣ص˵һ취ǰȫ뿪ǣ취̫ΣգûаաһΣգҪҶʦһ֮С
Ҷؾȣʲô취
ҲһֱطֻҪǿеİ취ֵȥһԡ
ɴŮȴҪͬ⣬Ҳ˵
Ҷضʱˣ취ͬô
İȫô
˵Σգһڵʵֻܷӳһѡһ취ɹĻʵܷӳҶʦ˵취Ӧò̫Σգֻ쳣ʹࡣңʹܻܾ࣬ܿãܾá
ɴŮĵ˵峺˫


184 赣ϣ
ҶغǺ棬Ȼа취ûʸʦʵüӳǽĽʲô
˺һڵͷӦ
Ҳϸʸʦõİ취ǷԼ
տʼλʸʦ㣬ǿͬŵķϣųȡ
λʸʦദЩ죬мΡĵ¶ڣǰٴûа൤ڵڻʿûȥðգٿԿûаԼıλ൤ͨ۵ӵҪ
ע⵽һ΢۵ϸڡڲǰʸʦҽʯɱʱҲδȣԶλõķɱҽʯ޵ĹҪĹͷеķӦǱܷӦ˿ƭԿʸʦ˿ûдΪͷ
϶ȳȵԭ
ƶдȡһûк֮ĵŮû취صҽС
Ļ˫ˣжԶԶˣйȥˣΪһʱҽӱߵұѷڣҲ֪ʲôʱ뿪
ڻʸʦ˵а취ҪţԼܵСΣա
ɴŮҶشӦ¶ϲáȻҶشӦЩǿδ⡣ôᱧԹ
ŴĴڣȡһŮĽңеһӲӵ鵤΢̾Ѿнˣһֱҷá
ʿıλԵʱҶʦ㹻ĻȡΪʲôֱȡأĻҲǷݻծˣ̹Ȼһȥ
Ҷص۾е鵤˵䷽ģȻϵá
ʸʦĴǴŮõƷֱӺԣǲᡶѡûңȻ֪һ
㿴ˣҲᶯġ
ʯѾ㹻һʮ¯ԼƣûҪȥ˵⡣ȻͨʿһС
ҶɻǣʸʦȻΪʲôãȫ֮ⶴ㣬ȡɫ󾧲١ĻͲΣա
ɴŮƺ²⵽Ҷصɻ󲻽⣬Ӵ͵ʮﵽھŲ㣬ʱգһֱδҷãȻԭġǡľ⺱˫ϵͬ޹Ҵ˹ֻʺͬʱӵбʿ
˹൤ڵĶɹǧǰһλŮʦ˹ޱͻٶȼ죬Ҫ̫ķ鵤޶ȵΪʮﵽھŲ㣬һĹΪסľɹ
ǣ׹ȴҪͻǱʣȫһСƽʱȻûʲô⣬һҪͻƿߵĽײʱڵıͻȴΪͬʧ⣬ʧأʧΪˣСϵõѾ꣬һֱûҷ
ɴŮеΪ˽ʧ⣬Ѿ׼ʱ䡣ҪñϵıǾͻϵϾڵʧıҵҲɼˣֻȱϵϾżǸ˵زϾΪպƻϵΪ׼
ҶĬĬĵͷЩ׹
ġҲһ޷ȱݣֻȱݻһоֱ׷ϢȫƿҪͻƲƿĻǵɡϢȱݣľʧȱݣвͬȴ
ɴ˿ɽĺܶƫšɹܶ඼ʮȫʮٶȱݡ
ЩԵǵĽ̯Ļ̯ţûô⡣ֻ̯Ȼͨͼȴǧûʲôȱݣǵʿࡣ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ɴŮȻһЦҵıǱʮŵ㣬Ǳʮ˵㡣ֻһ㣬ȴΣաľмأֻҪǱһĲ죬ǳ׵ʧܡһʧܣ
ҶʦܣԸʦһ֮
ɴŮ峺˫Ҷء
ҶƣСٴεͷŪҪԼȥʲô
ɴŮϸС֣סҶЩֲڵĴ֣Сұڹ£ءˡߵס
ΪýһʸԸҶأͬģ˫ޣ
ɫ£ޱȵ˵࣬ޱȵϣӳ΢΢ĵػɢŵĺιԡصҽǧĹԣ۽ϡ
ҶкȻһ£˱ʸĻסˣתͷµĿɴŮʸ˫ޣ
ʸݣβָҧƣһѪҺ
ţ˫ִһ췱ķһǵѪӷҶصüģޱȡѪ۳һѪһͼʺɫĹâҶصüȥʧ
ҶٶȺȻоԼ϶һʶѱȫȴҲǶʲôط
ӣ
ʸҶһֱɺһڣ۵˵ˣ
Ҷرʧǣﻹصù
ֻýҶصβָҧƣԼüĴͬһѪɫͼʧ
Ҷϳʹ˵˼仰ȻѹãȻķ֣ѾɣһʽѾسɽϹ˵ǡȢ׳ɼˣ
ǣҶôоôŹ֣Ծء
͵͵ɫɴŮһۣȢ֮󣬽ǲҪƸͷ붴
ǣһû׼أ
ҶӺ˼룬ֹš
ǰʮСʱҲżԼ׵ʱʲôģسЩ𸻻һһլԺһװŸͷţһȺ̧Ŵ컨ֺӭȢڵãұѷڣһ߿ػһ߰׳ˡⲻίô
γףȴû˿
ϧɴŮ˿еĺ˼룬ϥڵϣ¡ȫע鵤ڵʼƿİ취ֻҪɹǺܼ򵥵顣
ʱ֮󣬾˵ϣʼһߺı˪ѩ飬Ľ΢΢ɫ԰ס˪ڵıŶɵġ
֮󣬱˪ڻ˻ΪһܵĻ档
˪ͻ棬Ľ棬ֱɹֹͣ
ɴŮ΢ʹһһıľ븶ĴۡʧܣʧأҪôΪӲı񣬱ԶҪôΪҽԪԶʧ
ıǽϾҲʼáÿ漫ʢʱ򣬱ǽ㿪ʼɢԼơÿ˪ʢʱϾ㿪ʼðһڻǣɲֻ΢ͱ˪ѣ˿޷ڵĻͱҪ˪Ψ˫ޡ
ҶشЩ֪룬֪ΰ
Ȼ䣬ƺһĽӰԼỬĽһԼĻУĲסһɵСֿ࣬ͣĿڡȫ½ľճһ
䣡
һǿޱȵĻһڡҶʹоһһһȣƺҪը
Ƕ̶̵һ֮һȥҶػһ㱻һɱ˪ǣо׹֮Уݡõá
е˶Ҳͬɪɪ
ҶػŽ΢΢̾һ˭ءס۵ĺ촽͵ؽ֮УԼǱﶳһʹࡣʸʶԣ峺˫ȴʼεĶĸġ
ÿһգͱ˪ڣԽӦ
죬죬Ҷĥȥȥ


185 赣£
һգҲ֪ʲôʱһƽϢ˪ͻ棬ʧҶҲڴӲпĥУѳ飬ͻʸĿԡ
һԺ˫޵ߣ¶顣ұСѷСطȴҲ㹻˷ȥʩչبŲˡ
һҵĶ˴ս
ҶػָһĵȻĮеһһ𽥽ȥƺʲôӵŻʸĽζů˰ֵĸо̲ס˵غͷӯΣỬϸĸоѡˣӽ˫ްˡ
ʸղŵļнƽģ΢΢̧ͷָҶصգеǣΪʲôѵʱˣ
ҶؿĵǣҡҡͷĿһ˿ᣬƽĹϳһЩ⣬ûʲô󰭣һЩʱգͻָҵĵĻǳʦȻѾʦΪǲ̫ԶˡҪ㲻ֻº롣ʸʦֹô
ţ
ʸҶ۵һĨ飬ڷ˵ͷ˵ɢ޳һԼСҵ൤ţʦ岻ñָʾʿ¶ҵŭ֮£ͳʦ巭ǣվǲ֮ʦǽʿ൤ŵ֧Ρ
ҶصţʵʱҲûбԹʦ壬ϾʦҵԭĽᷢ˫޷ˡֻԹԼûڳʦ֮ǰҵѡﻹңպҪ˫ޣԭСЦЦҶʦܣڴΪýѪΪ֤Ҽԭ˫޷ˣɵֲо仰˵ΪǿꡣĽѵҿġ
ҶԣǱǿȵġˣҲûκ·ߣֻӲͷƤˡ
ʸܿɫȻҵͳʦйԼʦ岻Զҳ֣ҵҲܳҡҵıǽǳʱ͸ҵġص൤ţҲûٰʲôҲԼСϻõġʦ岻ҳ֣ȴŹκһҹϵеˡص൤֮󣬲֪Һ˫֮£졣
ҶسĬһȻɵȥսһʿȨڽʿûʲô𡣳ʵʿûʸڽʿǰ˵һ仰
˿֮ģޱȼ㣬Σɱ
Ҷ侲뿪ҹߣñʿײ
ʸ˵ͷΪ˰ȫֻˣվ뿪
ǿҶؼ͵Įӣȴ̲ס΢΢һ¡뿪ֻ֮൤ɽ꣬Ҳֻǿװİ·֮ˡ
½ƹϣӲʣһվȡ
Ҷһѽ뻳еķӯĽסţŻʸεĺ촽һ˫ֲڵĴϷӯ֮ߡ
кܿٴðڵ𣬷ȥı̢µĽ
ʸ棬˫룬촽ܻӭĻӦҶÿһεߵšĶҲԽԽȴ̲סధ
Ҷô࣬ݺᡣ
ĻٴұڵСѷһյķΣ÷Ϩ˽˫ĿҶصؿڴĵ̾һ

ҽʯұСѷڴãͲʮյأѾҽС³Ҳ޷־ãɢȥ׷߽⡣
ɴŮƮƮӭ˹磬վұѷıԵҶؿһۣҧź촽гǸ⡣
ҶʦȹΣɹֻѡʦ֪Ҷʦ졣ʦ岻Զ֣൤ɱԼ
ǶǴãȻ
˦һСΪɳıǽâһԾ̤ڷɽϣҽӵϷ
䣡
Ǳҽӵ׵ҽʯޣƺ˻ʸ˵ϢϵͺţԦźӵ׵ҽ˶زٹʼ³һŵ棬ûΪޣɴŮȥ
ɴŮϱ˪ңңһָ
Ϲһ
ʮɳıǷɽΪһǾ޽ޣͷͷ׵ҽʯȥٶȼ죬ҽʯܡ
꣡
ҽʯޱǾ޽һʯͷʱŵþУӵȥžˣһҽӵףӰﻹаŵģ
ٸҳң㼸Ŀǣ㾿ͷʲôޡ
ɴŮ֮Ѿܹ׵ʩչһЩǿĽõķĽߡ
˿ӵףͷŵҽʯ޲ðżԦɽת˲֮ҽӣ֮Ķڷȥ
ȥŪһҶʦ֪һҪСԽǣȥŪЩֻһһˡ

ɴŮߺ󲻾áһӰѷڻɫĮʯѷԵ̧ͷһۺ쵤ܶգȻϥҽӡ
ݵĮ˫ĿնѣӴֻ´˿Ҳ޷ɫ˿Ķݡ
̺ΪӴ󣬲ɴŮһٳƿɹͬҲġڵھŲ۷״̬
ƪҡ
ڤ˼޹ˡΣ
һ㹦ڤ˼һŵϢһŵı̬ÿһ˿תΪԪĬĮ
㹦޹ˡĿɡǣͬľ޷Ӧ
Ų㹦ΣһзйڣϵĿٻÿһ˿ԪԳƿ
׹Խ۷壬Խޱȵġ
۷ʱ򣬻һֽڵĸоģòŻᶯһΣڳͣˡĳͣٵʱҲ񳹵׷յʱ򣬾ǧˣҲ޷ѡ
ĲʱҲǽһƬհף޷κ˼
ڣǰΣյĹؿڡ
ҶĶҪʧ
ҽӱôһҹ
һɵػҵ緢ʮɵĸߴһ׹˺ӵס
Ҷؿն۵ӳһĨĺɫ
һɲǣĿٶһ£ȻվĿ־壬ӳȻѹָ˼
ٿȥڲԶ뾡õȫƿ
ԼĵػҲʺҽӱ߲ȫҪ˵ޣһʿҽӱ߲ɼϵ󾧣ϵĻĴἫȵķǳ
Ƿ൤ɽұչأȫ
Ҷ뵽ķԾҽӵұ֮ϣһ·֮󣬼ٳƿڴȥ
ɴŮҽӱ˫ʮյڼ䣬ʱ붴㣬Ѿ䡣ʮߴɵ½ƶ֮ѾһʿڣҿʼΧܶڵ޳Ѩ׼ٿ󳡣ھϵʯ
ܶ޳Ѩܼ޵ʵϸߣͨͨסвյĵطĽסޡɵҪ˹ޣסûһصĹֻɱꡣ
ΪڵӵϵʿǲֵġɱĿ飬ɹҲǿһӵķѣؼʱ򾭲ѪսĿ顣Ȼڵж˲أȴԴѾϰΪɵʿ֮ǰٲμӹп


186 ع
ҶҽӱߣҰһ¡ػҽӳܶӱߺͨͨһƬҹӿҽ黩ľ죬ҲûҰտˡȻʿط
ѡһȫ·ߣڴɱȥ·ߵ޳Ѩͻʸ˹һ飬ӦòȺޡ
Ȼż·޷ݣⲻ˵ġ
ҶƵǣкüͷٱߵĳɰȻȴмһˡ
Ҫ֪ͨǿϢ˵ǿҶųκϢʿǵйƸʯͷľûʲôȻᡣ
ҶضԴֻпЦʩչֱӴҡڵߡ
ͬԾǣϰ֮󣬽ӽڽֻʮʱȻвٹššŵɵӣ߰˳ɻʮ˳Ⱥ;޳ѨСе˳Ѩڵޡ
ЩɵʿҶعһ˳ܶڣȻ죬ȴ˿ûǰֵͼ
ҶЩơ
Щʿʲôʱô˵ˣֶһĵ¶У䵥ʿ⵽ʿķΧȻԭڱɱ㱻һҲֻϵùпҲ޴硣
Ҷغܿ׹Ϊʲôɵʿ֡˲һȺʮ൤ŵӡ
ֳֻ𵶽𽣣Χһɸߵľʯ£̧ͷܶĶʲôʯϷһɴ˫ͷ𯳲֦ɰʯɣüֻ˫ͷ𯳲ϬĿĶŵʿ˻УǵĳѨ
Ҷһ׹ԭдȺ൤ŵڸѹɵʿȻĿŵĶ֡
Ⱥ൤ŵʿУΪ׵ºĵӣʮ߰ӡµУһòϵʿָʿϾʯȥ˫ͷĳѨˡ
ʿ⿴ԶҶأִλʦܣæ
Ҷһ£̳Ⱥ൤ŵȥ붴ڣһȺͬʦֵһ𣬿϶Ҫһ»ҰһƮҪȫ
ңҪ뿪¶㡢㡢һ㣬ûǸЩͬʦֵһ뿪
Ҷ벻ǣ߽˲ŷ֣Ⱥ൤ʿУд󲿷ֶ档Щ˶һ붴̽ºĵӺڻҵӣ֮ơڸ֮ӽϳ֮Ů棬򱦡ԵȵһȺˡ
̧ͷܶϵ޳Ѩβܰ˻е˫ͷʦֳԶһ൤ʿкͷҶعһ˳֣ɾŴС죬Ҷʦܣ㡫㲻ôô
СȺ൤ŵУʶҶصĲࡣǿҶһۣһûͬţ㲻мתͷרע޳Ѩϡ
ģҲֻ򱦡Ҷһ붴Ļѡ򱦡ԶҲҶأĲסˡ
򱦵ɴ۾Ǽһɿ˹ϲҶصļ򣬡Ҷʦ֣㻹ûһֱûڶڼ㣬Ϊأ
ҶƽȻûҪˣǻܿң
ʱͿͷȽ붴߶㣬һȺɵʿһ׷ɱǶʬ桢򱦺ԵŽ붴߶㣬δ׷ϣ˺档
򱦷ɿ˵һ˵顣
ڶ߶˺ð죬ҵ˶ʬĳѨһ·Ϸ˴Ⱥʿʬ壬ڶʬѨڣּĿͷ˶ʿѲһ𣬺ΪĳּҪƷµĺۼ޿ɱҡ
ǲûҵҶصʬ壬ΪҶرʿյĻҷˡǼСڶٵʦ֡ӽʦֵˣԼһЩɢͬʦֵܣɴǺϲһߣ˶ߵ㡣
Ҷ׹ɿЦ
ָΧ˳ѨͷҶء򱦵һĵ֣üͷȵˣվһԷѻ⴦޳Ѩ˸ɾȥѰһĳѨ
桢򱦡Ե̱죬ԹԵĻȥ޳Ѩʦֵϣǿɲð
ҶȻҲͷ߹ȥʱЩͬʦֵһȻôܰȫ뿪룬൤
ϸһ¾ʯϵǸ޴ĳѨͷ𯳲סڻһͷ̣żͷлһͷ𯶼ޣڳĶʮ൤ʿĶ֣ǵëңմѪвٵĻĶ𣬾ֵ˻Уǳ˲ٵĿͷǾвϵʿڰУϵʿ빥Ҳ
ҪԸܶ˫ͷ𣚣û̫õİ취
ϵʿ޷з˫ͷ𣚣ֻܰ⶯ǵĳѨϡĵطͬߣܶɸߵĶϣ׹
Ψһİ취ֻžʯɵĸߴȻȥ޳ѨǣֻһȥЩ˫ͷ̷˹𣬼ģצ˺ҧƾŸ߿յƣͼƻǳѨʿȥ
൤ʿѾһ죬ŴǿлкüʿצˣȴδܿѨѳѨãǰ⼸ֻ˫ͷ
֮£ֻûһ취൤ʿֳСӣϾʯȥϵĶԳѨɧţЩ˫ͷƣòϢǵ
ҶȻǼ桢򱦵˵СӡһСӴʯ⼸̲ȥ鵶ʯܶʣɧЩ˫ͷ娛Ǽ˰ʱ˼ɱϣδ˵Ǽֻ˫ͷ𣚣Ĵ룬Сȥ
Ҷزδ÷ûбֳߵʵֻǸ򱦺ԱֵĲࡣ
Ҷʩչ֪ҶһˮϵɽһǴӴʿеĺ«Ҷڱʵ
֮ǼһƫƧĺʯԴϢ
򱦳ҶʹһɫѹҶʦ֣һ˴Ӷɱ㣬˰£ûʲôջ񣿡˼üͷʦֵһͬţһͬðƴɱͬкôȻͬҶʦ֣ɱ˽
ҶɫƽĿɨ򱦣һǶһΪڴԣҶصʵҪǿࡣҶسǰ棬ҲֻҶزлⶴڵõô
Ҷһ£ҡͷҹһˣĹˡԱˡˣ֪൤жٵӽ˶ߣ
򱦸šͷҶʦֳǰ棬ͷˣҶʦֻţûһΣյܶʲô
Ҳף˶ӣһ˱ֿɾˣҶؾкôҲ˵
ЦⶴѾн൤ŵʿһֻ¶١ңʦָŷ˴˵﷢˴ĻϵŵյʦֵĴ󣬻˵Ҫ̽ʯĴǵٶȣڲܵⶴˡ
Ҷһ
Ҫܶ
һ顣ķţԷģ׿˵ͼԻĻֱȥţõͼỻȡĽ
Ҫ֪ʯ֮󽫻ᱻʮߴɰռٳʯ󳡡ȿռ֮ÿר˿ءѵͼϣҲ˿ûôȹһʱ䣬ȫˡ羡컻㣬ҲǷˡܴõǺô
ȻԼ
ǣҪһΡ
Ϊߣܹû£ԼʵǿͻƿġǧУſܳһʼߵšŲԼкܴİͻƽڵƿʿһ֣ضɸܱΪɵġԤĽʿ
Ҷؿɲ뱻ɸ㱣
ѵͼύȥɽպɹҲΪǷɹ뵽棬̽鵽ܡ
һ㣬ҶѾùܶΡ
⣬˷ݵͼᣬԻȡҲʡȥҪĴʯûûҹҪȥʯ
ɻһ⡣
̫˷ˡһʿҪǱʹͰĻֻһ춼ȥ֪ôġӻɹʱɾݣ㹻˶ֽš
Ҷеһ£Ŀɨ桢򱦡ԡ
ͻȻЦٺ٣иͬ⻰ûһƴƴΪǳɵҲˡǼڶһʱҲ˼̡
ͬ
Ҫŷ֮ʲôʣҲ˵Ŀⶼһ˵ϣǲǣμʿţܲˡ͵±ǰ
ߣȥţ
Ҷص˵ָ˷֮ͻȻֱӳĳڴȥ
桢򱦡Եһۣʱ¶ϲ֮ɫҶϹȻкöҲȥˡҶʦֹҲϡʲôǵĺôٲ˵ġǼһ죬Ҳûоͬŵӣߡ
ڵλúƫƧˣҲױ˷

ʦãˡʦãףأǰһֻ֮ҪȥͷȴֲӰһ㶡
ԵһЦʿ̲˵ʦ֣úˣкû򣬱ɫҴҳ߳ڴˡʦԴӸǻ֮󣬱Щ겻ᣬ治֪ڸʲôáʦƺЩŹ֣һʦñһֱϣλʦҲ뿪ѵûʲôô
üͷӽ˵ʲôʦֲ֪԰ô
ӽᣬһε˵ʦмǳɣһʲôôſʦõһԶˣʦ֣ҪҪҸȥһʲôôߵ˴æ붴ڣ˵ĺôʵǲࡣǵͼᣬʲôܲȥԵ޹ʣɫæȥͶ̥ɣ
Ƴɵʦܣǣֻ²װɡ
ӽЦʦ֣ɴ߲СڡһСϹԻȡѵҪǵõ֮ҶʦõΪʦ岻ɣ
ƶʱĬˡ
ӽƵ鼫˽⣬ĬĬĿ鲻Գͷӽٳɣ̷Ҷص˵ķȥ


187 
Ҷطɱ붴ĳڴĵطȴͻȻͣ£Ŀ⳯ǰȥ
Ѿȫ
ԭտޱȵɰʯشССʱӪկ԰ټƵĸɵӣھ͵ȡģܶڵʯɰʯľĴļʯݣ÷󷨡ЩӪկſڣɵģɵӪկһνԶľ룬μ
Ҷ򱦣ȴϲ쿴ǰ൤ŵӪկﻹʲôûأﵽǡӦѾˡ
߰ɣȥ
˷ȥ
ǰʱӪկйšš൤ŵȡ⣬СɵӪկҲмǻкܶû
Ҫ붴ȡϵʯ϶ҪһЩʱספԱͿ󹤾סЩռõĿ㣬Էڿ

㣬൤ŵʱӪկڣһȺϰ൤ڵӣڿ˽ʱӪկʯݡ
źڸšϴϡԳϵȵȣӪΧѲһȦӪկڵλȻ⣬Цݡ磬ӪկλøպռһǳĻϵص㡣ȿ󹤵ӵֱִ֮ӿԾͽɾ
ǵŶʮڰʿ
һȺʿĵصʵҪΪһֻҲôʿ붴
һǳİʿţƣǶ߿ʯ㹻ʮ߸ɲꡣⶴĻϵʯ㹻Ǹһɾꡣÿɾֵܷö٣Ҫϳʱȷ
΢΢ͷţ˷ʯأҲʱȥ൤ŵһĲŵô
ʿ˴ζ˲١أȽ붴̽һʮӣԱ룬ء½ĵϰ࣬Ҫṇ̀̿ԱҪٺܶ࣬һɡĿǰԼнռ˲μӴ˴Ľ˷֮һȻЩˣҲȫֵõġ
ҡҡͷ˸еȻ⣬չŵӣܱʬľʬм˵ľֲһǵļˡľȶ֮ҪʮоʦפأʡڸϳϣԳк
ڸϳ̸ЦƼڵʿפ롣
Գȴɫ˫֣һԲĸں档
֪ԳϻΪǬ޹ʧٵЦԳϣǬȻ˵ص;кͱͬŵɢʵǿӦòڳʲô⣬˵Ѿ붴ڲμֻǻûҵѡ
ڸϳϣȴǬʧ֮²ġ
˵ʵֺͷʧٰԲҺʵ˻ʬԪĻȫ֮Ҳҳ˵Գֲֻôһãһǻ˿Լ̳мҵô
ԳϿһţҿ£Ҷӵ䡣
ŵһ£ԼӰҲãѵԳӧԳʱɣҲѰǬ䡣
šڸŵ൤ŵȨߣ֮䣬פѡ
ԶһµʱҴҹţ˵ҪΪ׵ϳ֮Ůʦ㡣
Ŷǹ
˵
ǵѲӪկһ֮󣬷ӪկĴʡڵΡ磬Ǻɫʯֱгɡ
桢Ҷء򱦡Եڣݼššλϼʦ塣
ŴЦֶŮʲô´Ҵʦ
ʦֶŮҪλҶʦҪЦ˵ϴ֮Ů磬˵֮Ҳû̫Ĺ˼ɡԵҶһ¼˵
Ŷ˵ɣʲô飿
Ц⣬ԴϵĿ⣬Ҷϡ
Ҷ̧ͷſȥĿͬʱɨŵϳϺԳϡԳϵʱȴͻȻһ£һһá
ԳϺǬǸĺ񣬶һݺģǰ
ҶֻǷɿɨԳһۣԼ²λԳϺǬ֮ĹϵټλݺһĳףȻ֮
·ϣŴٵǬˣߡ˿̿Գ׵ʯϣЩ顣
Ҷ΢΢һ£ƽû֪ǬѾˣ㵱ʱ˺µӺµӣҲһǬȥԳϲ׻ɵϡ
Ψһĵǣ򱦡ԡͷʩչɱһźʿͷˣõġ浱ʱţδ
򱦡Զ˶Ǹһ൤ͲʿȴϵԳϵķֻĽһˮϵķĻǶ˲ܺ޽ٵĸ
ʱӦûʲôΣա
Щ뷨һ˲䡣
Ҷһţڽ붴߶ʱ򣬷һЩҪľƷŹĿ
Ҷؽڵİ˷ݵͼ˳ϳʸš
һ᣿ԴһڸֳһĹϸһʱϲ۽磬ϲʲôȻĶ߶ʯĵͼᰡ
󾪿ϲϳϡԳ϶סˣ׷ȡ˲鿴Һ˶һЩͼᣬ¶ϲ֮ɫ
붴ڣɵӶһĨڡ˭ҲԼռݵĿǸƶ󣬱еǸƶֻ
ЩͼᣬôʯķֲһĿȻͼһʮݡҶذ˷ݾϣΪ൤ʯȻ´һ
ãð
Ʋסϲɫеĵͼᣬһĸʿȥܣȥϸоһ˷ֵͼʯ㣬Ȼȥ鿴һ˿ͼڵĿĸɵУϸıһ£ѰмֵĿ֡ζ֣Գϸ֡μڵӣ
ǣ
ԳϺͰʿͬʱ̵
ֻŴᣬ˿ûάĺôʱˣźϳʦĶأ
ţڸšϴϡϵ˶ʱ׾Ҷأһͬ桢򱦡Եӡ
ſҶأɫҲʼЦˣҶǰɣúá֪ôõ˷ݵͼģ
Ҷزûµİѽ붴߶֮ڶʬѨڵ΢˵һ¡û˵֣˵һȺʿƴ˱ˣһɺĵӵĴڴڷЩᡣ
⵽ɵӵ׷ɱӵ˶㣬Ǳ˽£ͬʦֵܣŸͬʦֵһҶص˵Ǿŷһּ٣ѱα
Ųס׵ͷҶеıָе⡣
˵ҶؿԵõĽ
ͨʿһɹʴԼʮ֮һǸߴ˳ɵİգֻһھŲʿܿЩɹҶЩޱȵǿ϶ܹΪ൤ŵҪӡ
Ҫ˵ڵĽѣšڸšϳϵˣҲĽҶصĺˡ뵱ʱҲԡѪƴɱŵõôһÿһޱȡ
ųһ£֮ǰһͼᣬ㽱һ˷ݾᣬһǰ
ڣ˵Ķһ¶ҪôѵҪҶأ߻Ƿˣֱӹϵʿǰ;
ϳϣҪ̲סվΪŮ˵仰Ҳýһø档


188 ֣ϣ
˵ηֵʱ򣬳һ£һʿϳϵϡ漰ϳ֮Ů棬бҪ˼ϳϵ뷨
ϳĿУһͣȴջѡûȴŷ佱
ķţ൤ʵһ״ܹءҪôСлãҪôΪ㹻ĹͣܽĻκ˶ûʸõģǻʸ֮ŮʸҲ⡣
ϴȻУȴҲóȻΥأֻܽһֹ͹鵽ŮϣҲʸõһˡ
żϳĿУвɿЦҡͷҲΪѰ
Ϊߴ൤ŵţ۶ϣԳвС鴫ȥ൤½ŷ
ҪΪ²°ǧڵӵģպ˭ΪЧ
ҪǣҲûȨƻأҸɸ˭˭ÿһȥʸʦλʦ
ŲɰҡͷֶŮʱǺλҶʦֶһЩģҲ˵һ仰һֹϡǣЩͼװ׶Ҷʦֶһ֣˵Ϲ
ڣۿŵʿʮλ˭Ҫڻʸʦ˵˽δ´֮ˣֻҲɵͷˡ൤ȡλõ˻أֻԱλڸţ˼ˡɲΪʲôѱ
ֻܸҶʦֶȻΪչϴϵӣԸȵһЩ߽ʯ֮Ľ
뵽һ£׼ľ
û뵽ǣûüҶر˵һ
ţ˷ݵͼȻǵӶģʦ㡢ʦܡʦܡʦ֮ǰֻҲ˶߶㡣⣬ڶѣҵʦͶλʦܵһ·ͣŰȫ˵ؼšǵĹ͸һ޶ʦ˷ݾӦʣƽ֡
ҶصĻһ䣬ڣֱӴ㵡ڸšϴϡϵˣԹ۵൤ʿ޲ݡ
ЩҲɵ۾ж䣬Ȼֵࡣ
Ҷشӽ˶߶֮󣬱˷ֿ˷ݵͼᣬû˵Ĺ͡ҶصĶѣֶҶйһЩǶҲֻֿͣԵֲöĹ͡
Ҷǰѵֵİ˳ᣬɷָˡҶطöɹѶøˣȡҶػûɹأȴøˣԼֻ¶ɵĻãֻڳκһҲ
ЩʿܵΪ͵λһŲģ
ԭҶЩɫӣΪ̫ˣȫǽҼһѡҶһ㽫ó֮࣬ǵ̬΢ĸı䣬¶ɫ˿ӵĿȥҶءСӣݣԱ˺ݣԼҲݣȻסջģպֻ±س
ϰСӵĵԲǳȻ顣ϳֻӲȥˣСöϳϵ֮£ϳ벻ҲаСҲǰ׼ⴢģϣܵõϴıӻСӰʣ޹ؽҪʿʲôǶʲôֵȥͽģ˼룬û򱦺ʲô֮
澪ȵŴСͣδ뵽Ҷһó˷ݵͼû뵽Ҷػƽ֡ʵһˡ
ֱɵۣϵ˾ڱˣҲû뵽ӵ
ɫŹ֣һֱֹš
飬ǷĿɲһĴ
ҶʿľĿעӣȴһĵĮ˿Ӱ졣
ãҶʦֶȻȣܺͬʦֵͬʹ࣬ѣΪ൤µӵıʰǰ;ʦ֣ҿͰҶʦֶ˼´°ɡ
ϴЦ͵ĴҶһԽԽƶòͨµеɫŸɣ˵պ󻹵úúýһǡʣֱӰҶصĻ˵ñʿв˵Ļᡣ
ŵ˵ͷ
Ҷǫãϳ֮١λҶʦֶĲСҪһϴϡԸ飬Ȼò֡
Ҳٶ˵ʲôӴȡĸƿÿƿжֲǰĵӡ
ҶصһƿȻö˵
桢򱦡ˣֱ˶Ľ׷¶ɫҶصĿ⣬Ҳȫͬ

ÿ˶
ӽȻ˳һиЧĹȦڣ棬Ϲһ˿ζ
ʲʲô˶Գ룬ֻʿ߱ټʿܽȥڸ֮ӵݣȴҪͨԺ޹˼ɵĽʡղŴһĻȻһ
ӽҲϲͬʦֵֵˣҪ˵ЩĶǿտϹʦϵ֣µӡͲˡ
ӽһҧ֮ļµӡ⼸µƽʱϤⰲš
»µӡǼǵݣЩֶǵĶһ뿪Ӫկұš
һʿ⣬ʦʵǿʦܸȥĳڴţֹһб뿪ܶбµҪ뿪ܶĻ취¡ҺܿϹȥ
ʦɻʦ֣˽ӪկȱأԵ޹ʵôȥλʦܸʲôһԳϹ
ӽ϶ʱһȵôʲôԳǱн
ʿ༸µηĵͷ
ӽһ֮ͨ⼸µӵļ򣬻һЦ¹ػܣйŵʦܣҲǡ˷Ǽɵʿܣʲôɸ˵˽ܣŽȥʻ˽ƻĺܣʲʲôû֤Ҳǡ˳֮ǰǸסˣ˿ﶯ֣ҵİţ뿪֮ٶ֡Ǻúøɣ˵һôٲ˵ġ
µһʱ㵣ǽɫ¶ϲͷӦǣʦ֣ҵһ¡Ǽ˷ͷжȥһЩµӡ


189 ֣£
šڸšϴϵ൤Ÿ߲㲢δô붴ڿ񽻸ϴ֮Ǳͷŷɽ뿪صܶ
˶ðȥȻҲϴһͬ뿪֮ǰкҶؿȥҪ˵лĻǵ岮ʿ棬ȴ˵ڣһţˡ
Ҷء򱦡Թŵλ߲뿪֮һ˶ʿǰһȺʯѹһ⶯һָͷ
ܿ죬Ҷؾ͸оâڴ̣Լ൤ӪկڲٵϬĿסˡ
Ҷһݡ
֮ڣʹסͬʦֵܣֻû뵽ôͱˡ൤˶߲࣬ӵݬ룬˼ľ١Ϊһ㹻ƴˣο򱦡ϻ֮ࡣ
Ҷɫ̹ȻóһʼûҪ飬ֻǵĲԼΪĿΨһİӶѡϳ϶мӣ͵ζҲû̫⡣һλϴϳպô١ûпɽҲһҪ
ҶػһۣЩĿƿһ䳰ӪկڻһλԳϣԼʮڵʦפأû˭ӹȻӪկڴӪկڰȫӦûʲô⡣
ֻҶزطеĶĳɹֻдԼɶѣʲҪһʺĵطаһͻƿ
ӪկڹСȻʺ϶ᱻ˷쳣
ԳϻȻԳϲûлʲôȴҶĵЩ飬ɱ˼ҵĶӣҰĵȥôԳҪǷʲô˿ҪɱƸϲֻ࣬¶ƬҲӪկ
򱦺Էֱõ˶ǺͬʡҲáࡱֵѹΣղǣǶɲǰ͸ǵġ
ҶҲΡ˭˶ûк̨ͨʿءһֱӸϳ൤ţȴǰΣնûСϧֻͨʿѣһɢ޳屳ûУҲû˻ġ
һܹпܴӰǧӱΪ൤ŵĺĵӣɵֺôûгɹ֮ǰǾǲݽ棬Ҳɻǲݽ档
򱦺Զ˶˲㣬Ҳ޷̷ýǱ൤ǱޣھŲ㣬Ϊ㹻ˣܷ
ȻҶػûпڣ򱦺Զ˱㼱ҴҵҶ˵ϣܺҶһ뿪붴ߣ൤ȥչǱޣ֮ٳ
ҶȻӦҪ൤ţһ·ΣĸߣӦҲһЩ漴൤ŵӪկ򶴿ĳڴȥ
൤Ӫկŵһʿ޵Ŀ˱ӰһۣϷһɫӽ൤ŵӪկڣʮºʿ
֮
ڸ٣ʮӦǳġ
򱦻ͷɿһۣЦɫȫе˵
Իͷһۣмǣ˶ôֻҪǽ˶߶ĿٶҲʩչɫÿҶصķġ
Ҷһδ
һ·Уɿĳڴ
ǻͨĳڣȴ쬡ķɳʮ൤ŵʿڴȫסΪ׵һµһѾ޴Ļ浶Ҷȵվס൤ŵӣֻܽܳ
Ϊʲôܳȥ
һǸɹᣬ൤Ų
˵ʲôʱɹ᣿ŭ
ŶǼʲôȥúõΪʲôҪ뿪ҿǷĻ죬Ķ·ηǱӣ
Ҫȥǵ飬·ÿ
ߣҿǻǹԹԵĴʦȥ˵ɡеĵ𲻴Ӧ뿪
µŻ浶һЦǳŵڶĳǰңжڰˡŲʿҶص˵֮ࡣ
ҶһüͷͷȥʮʿɱǸϵǾǶʮΧˡ
ɰһ䣬ʮΧֱʿ湻ġûһɱʮı£һסȺʿΧ֮Уѡ
ɢߣԱɣ
Ҷس򱦺˵̻Ϊһתɱ
򱦺һۣ֪һҧŤͬķȥ
صܶΧʯľθӣ޳Ѩڶֻ࣬Ҫܿ׷֮УҪһ֮ز̫ѵ顣ھ㼯ɵ֣Ҳ޷Ѳܶ
ҶؽܶڸӵĵΣټ
ӽ˸ϵʱҶصѾ̺ȵ˰סڣӳʮ˵ȷΪСӸȥ׷ؽܡ
ǣ
ʿΪĶӣһأӷͷ׷
Ҷܶڼ֮󣬷һʿżµʼ׷ţջ𣬻һ˦һâ
䡱һ죬ϵڵϣһƬĳɫɰʯ
ʿȻͣ£Ⱥɫɢȥ׷Ѿʧ֪ȥӽǰϵһ޴ĵۣеڼڻɰʯ壬á
ˣСӾȻйŵĻϵϵⷨǹźĵӲſӵС
ӽнһͷðһ˿ղҪҪ׷ǰֻ֣Ѿâ촦ֻҪ࣬ôôӡ׷ȥһµӣץǵĻҲˡ
ͷ׷

ӽ޷޵Ĵ뿪֮ҶŴһͰĹľĿ⿴ǵıӰ
˸ղڸĶӽԭһڸѹֿ׵ôͬΧŹǡ൤ڣڵм䣬ӽҲǽƵĶ߲ĵˣһŰ衣
ҶЩƣ֪ӽڶְҲܶӽ첲ֲȣڸִһ壬ʵȨǿ̫ࡣһԳѾͷƤ飬СĽӦԡٺڸŽ˵ֻгѳ൤ţ֮ززԱˡҲ֪ɽǸԸ
ĳڱӽ˶סǳȥˡ
Ǿ͸ɴܶڣһطȥˡ
һȵ׼Ѿ׵ֻһؿˡɹӽǿᣬҲʵʵͷʦ塣
Ҷһ£һѩı󣬺˼£ܶҰʧӰ


190 Ǳģϣ
ʮɽâջ൤ɽһУţڸţϳϣԼʮλе൤ʿ
վϳϵķɽϣڸ߿գϵĻͷͺͺ룬ҡϳϵĸ첲ΪʲôҶʦҲϣѾˣû൤ɽȥչ붴ڣΣյġ
Ȼƽؽ󿴵ʿҲû̫ľ顣˿֪ͨһʿϣ붴֮УһΣյ顣Ҳ룬ֱӹԹԸ൤űչȥ
Ҷһ˿øУټԵʣԭҶغһŵ˻൤ţǲ֪ôȴϳϸֹˣ˿ڡ
ϳϵȻ˵ûҪ룬൤ţһ
Ϊʲô
ɻ󲻽ѯʡ
ϳʱȴտڲԣԦɽ͡治ˣʼһҪ֪ԭ򣬷û취Ļ൤š
ϳϱʵĲУֻε᲻֪Ҳ̽ϢСӼûκŵϢ˫Ŀն޹⣬еԪڲйһֺܹϵɹĽѣ룬ҪĹϹʱڣ׹֮µʿɹ߲ٷ֮һ޼ȻҲǰ;ǰŹС
ʲôɹ
Եǹʿһ׹ϵĹûҪʺѾûʲôʿȥҲ֪СŪĹϡͿͿʼɢ޳ʿûо顣ǸܰһѡѾڵھŲ۷״̬˵ҲﲻȫԼ־
̫Σգ൤ŸȫһЩҵġ
ǣʲôõĵġСܴʮʿжð˷ݵͼᣬҳɹѣܶڶڴϰ£ˣҲס˷ݾᶼܱס±ס
붴ߣ޻ʿСӶΣԶ󡣲룬൤űչأŲһҪСʵһÿ˶ԼĻԵ컯ȥ档ֻҪܶɹ˽٣ᾡպڰһò£Ҳʡ˵Ϸ̱顣
ϳɫȻ
ϴҶػȥĵ̾һͷ뿴ȥ

Ҷعվҽӱߣɫˮϵȫֵҽˣ·ĺɫҽε¶һ˿Ц
һǰŴط뿪뿪õͼ㷵൤ȥչûַһЩıʣ˰죬ֻصطˡ
ĪԼҽԵ
֮ǰΨһͬǣ˶ɽɹҲ˻ΪʲôͻȻΪʿ뵽档ȻɣɲĶ޹ˡ
ҽǵصܶҲȵĵطҪִ봩;ڶ޵ĳѨС֮ڣ˻ط
Ҷʮﳤĵصҽ࣬ãһ䴦ɸߵұϣҵһպÿһ˵ķǳεѷ졣ϸĻ˸Ҳѷ졣
һԾɵѷ档
Ҷѷ̽һкüСһĺ׵ػ𣬴нɸߺףСɵҲ棬ӵѷұ˵ͨ죬Ϊȶȫʹá
Լȫʱõıɵʿҵ
δԺҪľȫ
ֻҪɹôܹвΣʿ٣ҲõԼһԳϣӽȸɵ
ʿһַǳǿǾС򲻹ʿҲ죬ȶڵٶҪǿࡣ
ҶѷѰһƽ̹֮أϥһԼĴ
ĽϡҩӣѾ룬ϸڡ
ڸƷʯǴ㡣
ȻˣҪҪҩĶֲҪһ˼ЩҩĲǶͬһϵҩľϵҩģҪʹľʯ֣ϵҩģֻûʯ֣˿ܻ
ʶ̽Բҩıϵ
Ҷؽʶϸڡ
޾գããĻޱ޼ʣֻƯŵһԲһĸڡ
ʱĸһ΢͵Сׯһ
мƽ̹ϣļسģĹСľݡЩСľȫϸڵľɣżϲľ˵ԭ֭ԭζζʮ㡣
һרơŴĻ潬ͱ˪ƣһһڵľͰСҪȵʱֱȡá
һľݣɼֲӡϾҩ̫Ҳֻ̫һ﷽ԲĸɲеҩģʺϲˡһľݣӡҶѾռ˴ԼٶҩĵӣպҪʲô鵤ĻֱӦӡ
һʯľݣѷŸʯϡʯɫϵҲ
һǳľݣʱֻѣԲۡ
СľݵΧȫǴСԣֲ
һŻ澣˪ȹľЩľȫ¶ǱǵĹʵƣӿʩչľ˿֧ž˿ס
⣬һƬŵԡҪݣ֡
һоȻ
ҶضĻʮ⡣һ֮£űģġԭͺͺģһ˻ĵŷζɴʶٿطɽ˼ӲĽ̴ľ⼸Сľݡ
Ҷشһ¸Ļ֮󣬴ľȡҪҩģһһڽ֡׼ȷļÿҪķѵʯ
һȥ㻨˶µʱ䣬Žʮҩ׼áϸڴ󲿷ֵƷʯһ⡣
ʮϵֻܶ࣬ԭ϶ѣǳƷ۳ʧܵĻʵܳɵģᳬʮ

ҶҽӱǱֲҩģ׼ʱ䣬붴ҲԽ붴ӽࡣ
ʮߴɣ˴붴ռ߶ʯ㡣
д󲿷ɲûռ̫ıˣռ˵ģЩӵͼɡ
еͼɣſ׼ȷ鱨Щֵó֣ЩֵԷһȻܹϷƶ󣬼ȥռݸ
ȻˣʮݾᶼЩɵû֪
ӵеͼɾҲųȥ˵Լеͼ
ʵǣ൤ӵж˷ݵͼᣬռȫķ֮һôԹġδڣ൤ܵĺô
˶߶ʯ⣬ĻϵʯҲǸɵĿꡣĵһϵ쳣ķḻʮߴɽпɣΪĻϵʯƴ
⣬Գ֮Ǭʧһ£ԳȻ˲ٵȥѰ䣬ʼպµ߰ӣµӣµӣһͷڹ꣬ԣڲκἰǺǬ֮顪ǼǬһ·µӣҲҶԼǬһ뿪൤ɽ˭Ҫǿ˭ɵӣܲմ߾մߣԳϵŭˣԼҵùһ֮Ҳʽ򣬵ȥ
ʵԳϻƵģȻһ۰СӣǻӿԼ̳мҵڿְ֮ˮ㹻ࡣҲ⡣


191 Ǳģ£
Ƶģ»ӽ
׷ɱҶضûܳɹͷִȥ׷ɱ򱦺ԡ
򱦺λҲǷǴӶǴɽײɢޣڸʱ֪ٴѣɱǴ򲻹˵Σյµ飬ӽҲϲǶˣôױץסټӽץҶѾ˴ʱ䣬ͷҪץǣϼѡ
򱦺Ժܿ׷ɱǵ൤ŵӣǶҲ﷽ԲĶڶӽɵۣȴ׽ˡ
ƽʱ൤ڽ㣬ύľֵܲ٣ЩֵԮвٺϵеµӿȥһɳӽȥķܿ촫˳ȥ
ӽԵȥ׷Ҷء򱦵ˣͼȡڵײµм˿൤š
൤ִŹ淨͵ϴȥ飬Ҷء򱦡˹Ȼʧ٣ӽȥ׷ɱˣʱȻ󲨡ͬУ⻹˵á
мλɳ״浽൤λҪԽӲϣ֮Ҫڸְ֮ʾͽ䡣
ڸżһ֪ĸ߲㣬ĲӶˡôҲû뵽ӾȻ޴ϡҶص˸ոΪһ󹦣ӽСӾȻ˼ϽڶǵⲻǸͱ¦
̽ӽٻ൤ţ൤Ͻڣšڸšϵ棬ͷĽӽ߳һ٣ŭҪףӽɡ
ӽʱװһί޵ģ˵һλʦܣ˵Ƿ˸ɵӽܣȥץˣǵʵû뵽˼ȫˡΪȥץˣǱԩġ
ڸŭ˺ܶ࣬һ䣬ʼӽαɱεӽȻǰϸ֦ĩڶһ
ڸš顱֮ӽչʧ̤꣬չҰ벽ʾͽ䡣⣬׷ɱҶص˵ĶʮµӺµӣȻҲΪɱζȥΧҶصˣһ𷣡Ǽԩ޴ĳλʦܣʶʡˣֱӱʦţԶٻ൤ɽš
šڸźͳǣۿԸϽϳ˫ɡ൤ӣϵ࣬Ͳڸŵù˶ǡ
ڸҪӣʳӸɡ
ʲôƵģɵ˭ǵĳЩ˵Ŀ겻ҪӽҪڸšڸֻµλѱЧҲʹﵽ
ڸŹϵĵڴ˴˵֮󣬸ϽλԸԷнʮ꣬
ʸûнڸŸְ̬䵭ࡣ
ڸԭǸ൤߷֮һճһЩʵȨܿ챻һһᣬʣ˼ȥˡ˰һλϣȴΣڸŵĲʵȨ
ڸ⵽ش൤ŵķһҹ֮ƺ˼аһɨգ͵СӰǸ߲ʿ֮棬ſڱտڴ̸ͬʰôģ˭Ҳ
򱦺Զ˽֮磬ܶð˳Ҵһص൤ɽչھŲ㣬ź÷
൤Ÿ߲ĿǰעҶصȥ򣬸û֪
Ҷʼղδ֡
δ൱һʱڣҲδ֣ںܶ˶ӽˡΪ飬ڸ侮ʯ֮ˣﲻ
ùڸţڻΪûҵΪ൤һ󹦵Ҷص䣬ڶ󣬱׸˸ŵְ񣬽ְһͨϡͬڸһϵʿҲ⵽شɥʧȨơ
ڸɥʧȨ֮ҶصġáʧȻҲûἰˡ

µʱ䣬ܶݡ
صܶҽӱߵһεСѷڡҶؽҩ׼֮ȫ鲻Ųʣ˿֪顣
Ҷ൤ŵıӪɽ󶴱չ꣬˴ĵͽ鵤ڵ൤ŰǧڵмҲǶˣȫʸΪʦ
ĹؼڻĿƺͳʱա
䷽ԡԭɷ֡Ϻͳȫ̡һЩҪرעϸڣ෽棬зǳ꾡
ҶֻҪ䷽ȥС
ܳ
ʦʿҲһ¶õֵĵܹȫգڸµĸ߽׵Ǳذɡ뾭һʱӦ֮󣬲ܽ鵤ĳʡ
൤źųɽɣܶԵǵʿΪ൤ŵĵӻƸָϡŹֵ鵤
ʵȻ
൤ŵʿ󲿷ʵֻͨƶֵĵҩѣҺܶ඼ͨ鵤Ϊͨ鵤ԭ׻ãƵԽ࣬Խߣܻ
ЩϡŹֵ鵤̫٣ѰңʼͣûжʿԸȥơƣʯ
ʿԼֵ鵤֮Լ鵤ȥʯǸͬʦֵܵ鵤н
൤ʿȥϵ鵤
кôҲб״
ô鵤Խ٣鵤ȻԽ߸ߡ»鵤ĳɹȻԽԽߣջҲԽһרһ鵤ʿǮ
ͬмı״޷뿪ͬʦֵܡһͬţܵԼ񡰱ٹȵ鵤ֻڵӱٹȣ֮ʳûáͨƱٹȵʿֻܰѱٹȵˣȫԼԡ
ԽٵʿԱ˵ҲԽһЩרϡֵʿ޷뿪൤ţ뿪¾ҪͶ·
൤ڴ󲿷ʿ֪̫ٵı״ǲС
̫Ǯˣҩļ䰺ͨһ¯鵤㶯顢ʮƷʯ߽鵤ҪٿƷʯ޷ǮʿҲѰɸΪ֮ϵһ¯Ƹ
൤ڣͨ鵤Ϊޣ಻ᳬ
ҶزЩпֵصϸֻҪ㹻ʯҩı㹻áʲôΪ׶Σʲôͼһ׽¶׵ľרԼΪ鵤ơ
ҪҲԼ
൤ÿһСȣ츳ߵĵӣᱻѡγרŰƸָ߽׵鵤ԼõĹԪԪԪȵȡ⣬ǲҩͨİ취ȷٵҩģõĸ߽鵤Դﵽɵĳʡ
Ҷؿûֱ£տʼֻһɳա
ֻͨ¯ҩ߳ʣõһ¯ҪķѵʯԼһǧ鵽һǧٿƷʯҲ˵ԼһƷʯܵõһƷ
ҶǮģ˵Ͼ޽ˡ
Ǵɼ壬շҲյĲݽߣҰܶ
൤ܹɽУ겻ؼܹ൤ɽɽֲҩŨֲҩģԼ鵤ԼݣԼķѵĳɱȻĽ͡ΨһҪģֲֻҪʱѡ
൤ɽȫԳƵǸأʺֲݡ
Ҷصϸ൤ɽøպ෴ֲҩķѵʱ伫٣ȱֻʯȷҩ㹻ٳɳ
ҶؽʮҩĶ׼֮󣬴Ӵڽͭɰ¯ȡ˳¯һɽĵػϣȻȪˮ˫ֽҩһ죬Ϊĩ¯Уʼ
صܶڣٵĵطеºȪˮȡһˮ㹻úþá


192 
׵ػԴԴϵĴӵѷͭɰ¯ϡػ֮ߣͨ±ȽȶҪҶȥ¯
Ӻҩ֮󣬽¯Ǹʵ
Ҷϥ¯Ǯͭɰ¯ϣͭɰ¯ڵػϷתƾȵ¯ÿһطʼΨһҪģǼصػ
һ¯Ҫʮʱ䣬ʹĻľͷŲס˳ʱ䡣ʹõػȴҪʡˡ
ͭɰ¯¯͵סػաƵͽ鵤ȫʺϣĻ΢һ㡣Ҳû취飬Ҷػû취Ū߽׵ķ¯
֮ͭɰ¯Ʈһķεҩ㣬ϲޱȡ
ǰҩ׶Σú׵ػ΢һЩҩҺ׻ӷӵտʼ𽥽뵽ҩҺ۳鵤Ľ׶ΣҪСޱȲУƿʼ𲽼
ľˣҶز֪У˼ͻȻȻоص΢΢һ£ŵػͻȻƳ˱仯
Ҷһ֪б䣬æػϴһˮϵϣѹƼ׵ػ緢
ϧĶһߣ׵ػ緢ٶȱлҪ죬һɵػĴӵӿ˳ߴߣԭҪһ
Ҷضʱɫ䣬
ۡ
ͭɰ¯ͻȻ⵽ͻգƽϢҩҺʱһڣž
ҶؿЦҡҡͷ칤׷ˣͨͭɰ¯ƿȻðһŨصĽζ鵤ûܿʼΣѾ˷ҺķҺʶأǾʹõģ˼Ԫ
εĽ¯ڵķҩҺֱӵػУΪҽ
ػƽʱȻǳȶһʱôһС緢ûκףֲػһ緢ƻơ
ҶضԴЩͷۣͭɰ¯ɾ׼һ¯鵤ơ
֪൤Ҳеػ𣬲֪൤ŵػǲĲȶҲʱ缸£ֻ൤ŵʿջ
ûнػȶ֮ǰҶز
Ҷؿ˼˺һ
ػ̫ͻȻҪ֪ػ緢綯ֵĻܹסػ
ؼʱ̫̣ػӾ緢ѾѹƵػֻҪǰԤ֪һգ۹ĹôǰˮϵȥӶѹ緢ĵػȷƽȡ
Ҷغܿ뵽һ⣬ԼʶǱصһص΢𶯣ػ쳣ôҲǰԤ֪ػ緢䶯Ӱ쵽
ҪʶǱصףһЩðյ顣
صȫҽͺ棬ʿ˶١ʶǱصףԼݻ֮С
һʱƬ̻ûʲôʱ䳤ˣʶȴԳܡ
ҶؽԼʶ¼Ӳޱȵĺʯ̽㵽˵ػҽķΧޱȵĸоػĿȣԼһһΪȡԤʱ䣬ǿнʶɣֱӽ֮ڡ
Ҷ̸оԼʶԼٶȱģʩչءС֮ʶһգҲоޱȵȺʹ࣬ƣ벻Ҳ޷̽ȥջʶ
Ϣ˴죬ʶŽָ˹Ҷؾȵķ֣Լʶƺ׳ôһ㣬ʶ̽鵽ԶΧ֮ڵ顣
ʶȻַõǿҲԴ취ɣ
ҶؿЦ
ַ̫ʹˣŪÿܻԼŪˡϼΣҪˡɽ϶İ취ǿʶӦòŰķʽʶ
Ҷؽͭɰ¯ٴηڵػϣʼǰҩڣҵĵػƣڣػӰ졣
ͭɰ¯һ
һĸ¡
ĸ֮Ҷеꡣ˵Ҳͷ˶ʮݣȻûܳɹһΣΪԼ⡣
ƺʮݵʱľͻ򶼲ˣȻת¯ɹΪ⣬Ҳô⡣
Ҷ飬˷һѵҩĻأԵ⡣ֻ൤ŵʦǼˣҪѪɣ׷ɱﲻɡ
ʮУϵʮݣֻݳɹҶԤƵʮ֮һ˶Ȼʱͬһ鵤Ч
ټϴõһаԼа˳ɵİҲ㹻ˡ
ҶؿİӲӵи̾޷ʵ벻ԼҪС
ڣûʱȥŪʯɲ˷ʱ䣬ұۣһ۱޷
Ҷá
˵ʵԷЩЩǺη塣ЩΪߣﵽھŲĴԲ״̬ƿ
ǵһҲҲû˿ˡ
ھŲ۷壬ǿбѣԼͣסһھŲĴԲ״̬ڵռ״̬᳹׷Ϣʶ
ǣƿĻֻӼѣѲ⡣иİա
ҶãʮΡ·һĻһ
ΣһεϢϢõ״̬һӲӵһȥ
븹ڵ
Ҷ漴˹ʼڵ鵤ͷųշʱҩδͷţû̫Եı仯
һʱ֮ʼȫڻųҩһǿһȼһӿĳҶصĵĺˮһСзڡ
Ҷɫ΢䣬û뵽ǿơҵھٵе
ǣӴûתΪԪǿʼϴϵÿһϸ΢ľ΢ľҲûзŹչľһɾҵʹ
ϴٽϴӹ裬ÿһֹǶϴ飬оĥȥ
֮ҩڵʣҩˡʱų⣬ԶɢȥҶػоһ˵泩̥һʵõһȫ
ɻھŲ۷壬ԪΪδ˿ֻϴһʶѡڻһЩº͵ҩЩҩ̫޷ƿ
Ȼʧˡ


193 ѪĻӡ
ҶصĸȤĶʣ֪ȫ֮󣬻ʲôЧǰϴΣԪΪ
ҶϢ˰գ״̬ٴηµڶ˹ա
һʱ֮ҩʼظһ顪Ҷȫϴ˾衣
һΣҶʸƵĲࡣϾҶصҲ̫⣬һѾ๻ˡ
ڶģֻһСֵʵĸƣδ̫࣬󲿷ӿѨϸ֮ڣΪİâҶصԪա
ҶصԪΪڿʼǡ
ڵԪֻĴָСɫŨ̬С򣬹âΪǿҺҫۣԶǵسôСˡʿԪʼնĴָôԪŨ̶ȡ
תİâ֮ҶصԪʼѸٵŨŨ̬СʼתΪŨҺСת졣
֮ҶؿĸоԼԪȫ̬תΪҺ̬СѾھŲĴԲ״̬
Ҳһͷ
֪ʲôʱն˫Ŀ֮УһҲϨǧں£˹ȥ
лûü¡
⵹Щȫһη£ȫ˹յĻֻҪǿҩճɻҽʶĶѾ׷գҲˡ
ʶ׷գĲ
һУʱҶѾ޹ء
ڻķҩǴ󲿷ֵĴ֮ڳ׳ȥֻʣڵġڱܵĻԶתҲǡΨһĺôʼûְÿһ˿ԪҶ
ҽӱߣεСѷڣ޾ĳšͭɰ¯ڵػƵתţյĺͨͨģػһǧһҹ緢š

֮
ɽһâš
ʸ뿪֮󣬻һʱ䣬ȥѡһеʵɼ壬βܴɼŪ
ɽʮߴɣȥͶжᵤʿֻиɼ壬󲿷ֲûнᵤʿ򣬶༸ʿѡЩɼ壬мٵ
ĴɼҲûȥǣʿڶࡣֻһеʵɼ壬ֻжʿļͨа취ܵõ
⻹аܹԸļ塣Уеȼ岻ֵһᣬ鷳ҲС鷳ѣСҲûһʸ鷳
һʱ䣬ڻҵһᣬ֡ľ˵ҲЦû뵽취ȡȴɼ
еɼǸʿͨǱ˸軵ˣƽؼ߰ϳһȣʸʱΪˡȻҲʸʲôˣĴƮɢޣ̰Ľɫ֮˫ޣѼΨһһó
֪ΪʲôʸЩоƺʲôʣҲǼֱӸҰ裬ȡȻɽ롣
ʸصܶȴδҽӱߵԭǴСѷзҶصټɰżȫоҶصϢ
Ҷʦ뿪룬൤ɽȥˣ
ʸԥһ£ɿʩչһһȣѪĻӡüĴȣֳһμѪۡ
ѪۣҶؽΪ˫ްʱѪΪýµԪӡʲôطҵԷ䡣
Ѫۣĺɫâҽӵ
ʸһϲҶʦܹȻ̸ָķȥƬ֮ҽӱ߼֮ҵҶصڡ
Ҷص״ȴûʸһ
ҶѾûκϢϥԭأɫĮһ񡣲νĺûκηӦ
Ϊʲô
ʸʼΪҶˣ̥Ϣӿָ
ʶ̽Ҷص壬ֳ˾ڻת֮⣬ûҵκļûкκεطҲûˡҶڽһֺ״̬̥ϢƺǼ
ǳĲ
ʸδ̫ãҶнյͷʱһ¡Ҷʦôɻ벻ס
ڣҲΨһҪ׵ҶΪʲô̥Ϣ״̬
ʸҶĴҪҳܿ죬ҵһᱡĹšҡ
ṦźƾɣȻǱ飬Ż
һʱ֮󣬻ʸͷβĳ׳ȥˡ
⡶ʲô꡶Ѿ׹ɹҪϢԽϢԽء˵ھŲ㹦Ķֹͣȫһо񣬳ƿ
ǣһֹͣȥƹأô㽫Զţݡ
ҶǰΣȫһ
ʸһˡ
㶵ĶҶصĮӡ
촽ţ̶ĬѾϰڴˡѾ߹ȥϰ˫ҧݡҶصЩݣͣмʿе
ҶʦܲĮ
ĵĮҲǱƳ
¶һ˿ᣬ
ҶʦܣΪʲô˵٣֮ǰһܺһ𡣡
Ŀ⣬֪ʲôʱҶеϣټеһܹ
ʸȻһܹǣҶʦܳƿϲȡһҶط¡Ҷ˫գǿд򿪣ֻ»Ūˡһ£СкһӴҶصı˫ϣСɻһ֣Ҷص˫򿪣Ŀжһ漴Ҷصĸڡ
ţ˫ƴҶصؿڣԴԴϵ뷨ͼǿд߻ҩʱȥȴûʲôӦδ⿪
ʸһֽһҶظ¡
ǽ£ҶصڻţδҶصڽֻʣ±ܣûϢֻʣ¡Ĺһһתţڸڵ鵤ҩ
ȱҶص˹ɣ޷ٵաֻҩ仺ٶ͸֮УȻšܵתǿš
ҶҪǲҩȫ߻ĻٻΪҽֻܿҶԼﲻκæ
ʸ¶һ˿ͣ
ҶʦһߣѾ֮ǰҲѲǣҪ꣬꣬ʮꡢʮꣿһꣿ
ԵȣҶʦܵ޷ôõʱ䡣ʿ壬޷ܳʱڵıٹȡȷҶʦܵУ֮ǰҪȥ
ʸ˺һԦɽ뿪붴ߣֱ൤ɽŶȥ


194 ҽӼ
֮൤ɽ
൤壬ɽ帹ıչҡ൤Ҫһչңʸıչ֮ءչңǴӷ嶥ϽȥɽĸһЩ߲ʿ֮⣬൤ͨʿҲȥ
һ⣬ʸչ⡣
ҪһƷ
ʲôƷһɳ͵ӱչ
ͨ񡣡
Ҫʲô
ɱ겻𲻻Ҫһˡ
չڣĬȥʸ֪ʦԼܳңԻȡҳ֡ǣձҪõ
ɳƵͻȻһ޹ص⣺ùѪĻӡ
ǡ
ʸ
ɳƵŭÿʩչһΣԪô˺Ϳ
ʸͷ
ɳƵĬ˺һŵ㣬ԼʦȻҽɱ㣬Ҳ޻˵
Ȼڳʦ彣£ҲޱԹ
չڣá
ˣȥɡҪ飬֮󣬸һͬչأ뿪չҰ벽򣬵Ҳ㡣
ǣ
ʸϲӹӱչڷɳһת뿪൤塣

൤ɽıչضңļ򵥣ζʯģʲôһյƶûСǱչȴǳʯϣǶŵģȻȫʯȻڶ֮ϣ
ʸĿʯϡȻѾ꣬ǿȥɺᣬԼҲʮģѣڷ룬üĿϣż͡
չҲһˡ
Իһòʮòٸٸţʷͬһ㡣ܽչڵģ˳ʦҲûˡ
ʸ֪ʦڱչңҪһ
òٸüʸô϶ҲԱ֣
ʸȻ൤˵һ棬ٸǰҲ޿κΣֻܿЦҪһʸãˡ˵һֱܾöһ֡
ߣ֪˵û
òٸ䵭ΪһˣϧԼԼˣҲҪ񣬵Ǹĸ׺񡭡֪ʲôˣֵ㿴ҵҪȥƣüĿʸȥģҲ㱦ŮôġǻûŮɾҪܷҵˡ
ʸΡ

֮һâҽӱߣһյŮҶԡ
ҶԴá
һ񣬽Ҷصؿڡ
ҶʦܣɱҪȥˣʣµģֻܿԼˣ
Ӵȡ죬ִҶһСͻ󷨡ҽӱߵѷڴСͻ
˿ûѷ죬һǳұڡʿϸҲκ⡣
죬нʯΪάֽҶʦܰ޷Ҳˡ
Ů뿪֮
Ƭ֮һòٸұϣһӣұϵԶɢ޷赲ֺ
ٸҶԣʶ˱ĿҶһۣΪȻһ
һ۵ӣòͨһ㡣ǡȻǷȻĹôῴķǴȥⲻǸʸ嶪ô
һУƾճһڵľ޴򣬳ѷڡ
ǣٸЩԣһ£ʶϸɨҶһ飬мȻ
ʮܵھŲԲ״̬ô֮죿ˣԪȥˣΪʲôڣѵѿȥط
ٸ˼˺һϨ𡣾ûҵԪĻҲɻšֻǻһֻѣ˹ʿѡ
ңѪĻӡֱͨʿԪӡԪΪʩĴۣ󣬻жҶغͻʸ֮ϵҪǻʸһʿ˫ޣǻʸûطɷˡ
ٸ˻ٵҶ뷨
һСȺ󷢳ɫâҶصϡС̽ʿʵģԵͽʿǳЧ׼ȷԼߡǶԸ߽ʿⲻ׼ˡ
ɻҶһ۵ӣ֮졣ʮľʮʮ
ٸʼҶصǱʻЩмÿһɫһ¡ϵ֮һ𾪡
ܣô֮ߣ
ϵľѾ޷
ɽ磬޵ϵĹ࣬޵ĺô࣬Ҳе޵ĻҲ˫Է˫ЧģЧ
ϵɽûͬʱϵĹ
ûҪʲôʺϡǻ仰˵ʵҲΨһһ֣ͬʱϵɹ
ǱʵҪԣڣʵ̫ء
ʮǱʣʮһǱʣ˵ʮʵǺСġ
ǣ˽ᵤڡԪӤ֮꣬ǧĳڻۣÿһǱʵնĲࡣÿһǱʵĲ𣬶ʼɳ
ʿɽ磬Ѿܾúܾûгֹˣϵƽʿȥ֡
൤ڣŴᵤʿУǱߵģߴʮһĻʸʿʵߵģҲǻʸ˽ڵľ磬ʿ֮Ĳ࣬ǹ⿿ŬޱС
鵤ޣʿΪĴ
൤ŲۺޱȡŴʿôӻôӻ
鵤ҩ൤ɽȡ֮Ŵʿÿղϵʹø߽ҩͨʿͷλ鵤ǶЩ˵⡣
ŴʿʹõĶ൤߽׵ɹ
ޡ൤žŴʿûһ˿иչ顣
ǣŴʿĲ࣬ȴһıԭܼ򵥣ǱʵĲһ£ÿһǱʵĲ𣬶һ˿˿Ĳࡣ»ۣʮ꣬ˡ׷׷ϡ
ٸĬãĿ⸴ӵĶҶء
֪ĽǼʣĽҶڼʻʸһʿ˫ޡ
ԥãջǳ̾һƮȻȥ
Ǻ뽫ǰӸٵԼ񲻶޽ӡСӵԪ񲢲֪ȥ˹ʿ󣬶ɽ罫һѡ
ңСվ൤ŵʿû֡Լ컯ɣ޷ͻƿҲ·һ֡

룬صܶҽӱߣָ˳š
طûʱԡ
ҽոһյӿţػӿұڣͨͨĻϵʯϡޱȵĿ󾧡
ҶڵҲڼ仺Ļ⣬һ˿һ˿͸ššԶѨڡ

һΣʱȥ
ʱ䣬붴ڵ仯ܴ󡣶ڵޣϱ˸ɾǷ׷뿪붴ߣɽȥˡ
ģȻֻʣ¸ɵһЩΪĿ󹤣ԼΪפʿ

һգ߽׵Ļ¿󹤣ҽӱߡ
ǿҽӵұлϵ󾧣ұڣڼɫĻʯ
ϧſð죬ǵûڶ󾧣ѿˣޣʲô⣬ȻôӲڣǼ󹤻˼䣬׼ˡ
һĿȴ̤һţϸһ¾Ȼһѷ졣֪ʲô˸˻Сĵ˽ȥѷıĿҶء
ˣ
ǰĿ̴ܿ죬Ҳ˽ǾȵĿһüĿʿϥ鵭Į
Ҫǣ˺ϢȻһ󷨣ȴ֪Ϊʲôû˿á
󹤶ʱ˹ȥ
൤ŵʿô
˭֪أӺˡһˡ
ģ˶зݣ
󹤺ܿߣǶǴڵĴе⡣ףɴͰʿ˰ɣС浹ùȻչˡ
һ󺺿󹤣ʿ忸ҽӱߣȥҽ֮У㲻ˡҽʿ˸û
ǼʿأѴڵĲϸһ飬Ҫ뿪ʱȴͻȻĿɿڴ
ֻҽϣ֪ʲôʱһ΢磬粻ϵĴҽ͵ػΧʿϵİᡣ
ֻƬ̹򣬱γһһɳҽӼƮҽ棬ϵĳ棬ڻӼΧΣ˵жô죬жô졣
վѷıԵ˺Ȼȷɫףһʱ䲻֪øʲôǸŪǰ䣬ô¡


195 
ﰡħ˰ɣ
ղǸʿ᲻ǻεޣǱޣ
СܡӰɣ
󹤱ǰ龰סݴ˵һЩаħճʱ򣬶ױɫ״ǸʿҽڣΪҽӼ滷ƣֽľôҲ߸е龰
Ǽ֪Ծﲻܴĵط̵Ҫ뿪ŵȷ飬Ӷѡ
ڵλҶرչ֮أҽұһѷڣн˾ʮɸߡػӿˣΪ΢һڵͽʿôһһұȥУʩչױҵ˸ҽС
п಻֮ʣʱͻȻ֮һ죬ֻҽڣһӿҽӺڳ
ҽУһͷߴʮɵҽʯޣЮҽ棬ں˷ˣͺ
ѽ
ŵĿУֽŲãұϷղֵĻӼȻĻޱȣվûпʲôΣԡǰͷޣϵĸ߽ɣҪɱǲգ۹ѣﻹƬ̵ԥ
ҽʯ޲мĳǼ󹤿һۣȤתͷҽгĻӼȥЩɻʲô⣬δ
ȻɲηһŹֵĻӼֱӳҽӼ˹ȥ

޾գڣš
ҶĴָСİɫԪ񣬱ĿߣΣڱԪԱߣһĹȦšھŲʱԪ̬ΪҺ̬ҶصԪѾȫΪɫŨҺ壬ȴʼ޷̤һ
һƬȻмƮŰâҫĹâ財ڵľľÿһʱ䣬ῪջһΣ޳ľľ䶼æµˡ
ȫǡĹЧ
ȻҶѾ߹ȥڵġɱܵתţһ˿һ˿ԪϸڣתΪâҲڹȥ䣬Իٶ͸˾ڣһͬϸڣתΪ˴İâƮ˰â
ϧǣֻмİâڣҶسߵԪա
󲿷֣ƮڰС⣬൱һ򱻸ҩ͹ľյЩݹľĹӣüضǡ
ҶشʱţֻҪʹļףΪЩâװ˷Ѷϧ
ֻǣûκηӦոһյĴš
ãã޾ʱƺס
ҶĴָŨҺ̬ԪΪżõâĲ䣬Լ仺ٶǿʵ𽥱ñͣȴͻȻȴʼڽš
˲֪á
һգһ˿âȦڣҶصԪʱҶصԪڴﵽٽ㣬䣡ұ׳˿ĴָСһΪСҴҺ̬ԪٴתΪ̬Ԫ
ȻֻԪСĸı䣬ȴζҶڴ̤ڡԪζſ¸ΪӴۺԪ
ɲǼ䡪
ҶشӳȻѣ˫ۡһԵζӿͷ
ϲ꣬䡪һס
֪ʲôʱ޾ڵһ˿һ˿ףȻۣ֮γһҫޱȣ޴
޾յĻҲγʮﷶΧľ޴Уڻк춯صľ졣
һĻҶشһ
ԶƵɵӴĻھƾˡ
Ҷ𾪵Ŀţسǵӥϣһʱ򣬱ⷬΡʱ׺ͻ󣬱γڵľϸ
²ⲻĻǰЩ׺ͻ֮󣬺ܻܿγһµϸ
ҶͷƲסľϲһľϸѾ֪࣬µϸʲô
ҶͻȻһЩž
ҶɻĳΧһȻɫ
Ȼ󲿷׶֮⣬Զڵĸ˿ƮڵϸĴεҡ
жʮ˿ףĸεڸһȦʲôƷľݡڵݺ͹ľֻҪϣֱӱճɻҽ
ҶضԴû˿ʹϧЩľ֮յա㸡еݶչˣպҲŪ
ļºͿֻŵǣȻ˿ƮڵĹָƺԹֺܸȤڹָҡڵȥ
Ҷ޿Ƶðһֿ־壬Ԫһֱܵη壬Һ׿ѾΪҲ˿޷ıһ㡣
æʩչһУʯľڵһɫ󾧣ԣ׼ֵס
൤ѧĿɵĿϸȻ׳⣬ⲻܿƵġ
ڣΪӲɫϵˣ䵱ϵ˺ü칤򣬲źòײŴҽӱھġһСɫ󾧣Ƹ߽׷ͨķ˼ֺϵ󾧻ֵסףʵ벻ʲôԵסס
ҶصԪηڱԪ񱮵Ĺڣдһ˿ͽңڴ˿ײҪ֡
עҪա
ͻȻ䣬˿ͣ£ƺʲô͵Ťͷһգڵλó˹
ҶغȻʶһɫϵӭ泯һ˿׵˹ȥ
꣡
һСϵ󾧱һ˿׸˷ĩ
һ˿ױ󾧸һ£࣬ƺ˲ٵҡҡλεڹָһվûڣƵˡ
ҶؾĿɿڴͷƤ顣
ڵףʲôǧػգɵɫϵ󾧶סһ
䣡
һ졣
Ҷһæͷȥֻһ˿ײСײ˸ĻϣһһڣƺԸĻûʲô˺һ˿ڻۼû°㡣
ͬҶզࡣ
֮ڵһƽϢ⣬Ϊ˿ɢȥʧ˻ãã޾֮С֮⣬ƮһոµĸʵţС
ϣҲ׸ҵһͿ
Ҷؾһ龪ֱһ˿ҲʧҰڣİɫԪŷĵĴӹƮ˳ȥµϸʲôģ
ԪһС֮䣬ոµĸϷ
ִͬССĻʯ鹹ɣԼһСҶؾǣȻԲΣͨڲǿĵġ
м䣬ͬһԼһɿ߹ϵʯڸγ֮ʯ㵮Ȼһ壬ʯһĹȦΧš
ʯϸܵѺ·
ҶĶʯϸܵѺۣ˽ʱŵԪ񱮣𸮡ʼԪʮһ꣬Ԫһ꣬ϼһٰʮһ꣡
һϸܵѺʾһߣ˯˴Լʱ䡣
ҶسĬá
Ȼ֪⸡ԼзǳеĹϵʼջŪףΪʲôԼӥϳһҵ֮ھͶƬա
Ƭֵգ˶׺ͻɻģ׺ͻ˺һ֮󣬾Ȼᵮһһĸ
ͬǸ𸮺ľ֮ʲôҲ̫ס
ԼϳʯϵѺ۵˼Ҷط֡
ڿɲɽˣ൤Ŵ⼸꣬Ҳ֪м߶ĳЩ칂ŵʿ֮ûճƣͨԵԪѵȵ֮ࡣֻͨʩ߱ˣܿ׹ϵ˼
ⱾԪʯϵƣϵƲֻ࣬б˲ϳǿ
ҶضʱҲ벻ͷϸİأŪ׵ġ
һ£ʶ뿪ϸصϡ


196 һ
ҽϣһȫܷĺһҽӼڣһʿƽ棬˫ϵĵĮȥº͡
ѾӳĳֻյӼζȵķ۶ѡӥ¶壬ݲӼչֱҽӼס˿Ϊ⡣
ͻȻоҽӼһΣյϢڿ
۾ȻͫһâڷȻ
顪ҽϣǸһҽγɵĻӼըѿɢΪƬ
ҽʯڻӼԱߣѻӼȥϡĿӼʲôģʱⱬըһĿһɫӰըѵĻӼڷɳա
ҶشѵĻӼг˳һԾϰɵĸ߿գһ˦绺ƮҽӰߡҽڵҽʯޡ
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц
ɣȻһ
ŲæȥȡһһС
֮ǰɲߴ׵ļһڣʵ򲻹һӣӵӮġΪʿѾܹС
ҶţȴһĴȻˡ

Ǽ󹤣ľϺӰұڣһ̧ͷһվںӰҶء
ǼʱɵۣⲻǱеǸɻӼʿʣǼһֵۣһŵðݵڵϣдС
ǰðˡﰡ
˼ҶºӣⲻǰⰡȫ⻵Сӳ⣡˼Ҫˣͳˡ
ԣ⻵Сӷ˼ġ
ڿ󹤶ָеһĿ󹤡ǰɫһºˣ۵ĴԩǴһһɵģôһ˵Ĵ
ҶƳһۣ˿ŵͷѶ£뿪˵֮Ŀɶźӵ׵ҽʯޣδǡ
⼸󹤳ߵʱ򣬾ȻĴȡˣЩջ𡣲û⼸ĿôڿģǸɻ첻ȥʿΪǡң֮ϢȫޣûʲôɽУ˵Ķ
ǣǣлǰ
ϲ⣬һﻹ󣬻æѴϵƷ£ߡǼ߲еͽʿҶǿѹǰûеӸҶˣ
ҶһУеƷװ봢ڡ
ϸһ£ֶδһżӡϵ⼸ǳ߼ֵƷڣһ
ڶˣǼ䡢¨ˡ
ҡͷЦƷָҽС
ɻǣڶһ壬һǳ񣬲Ǽͽ׿ӵеġ棬šͨĸ֡巭ķ棬Ȼǡʸ֡
Ҷһʱס
ʸʦʲôʱ飿
񣬳Ĭá

ҽʯںӵ׵ͺţδ̽ϳҶˡ
̶̵꣬ûǰʿǰλ
ʿһֵŮʿñӲĶһ٣һʯףŵж˺þãֱǰŸðͷ
ǰʿһͬΣոо
޵ıܣ׶һǿĶֳ֡
ҶصȻĿ⿴ҽʯޣȻҽʯ޴ںӵûȻҲӵҽʯ޵ĵֻ̣Ҫһתܳҽӵȥҽʯ޴ἱŶ֡
Ҷظɴվҽӱߣеͽ׷ϵӣ·ҽʯޡ
һΪʵ
֮һԵЧǾʶȵļǿھŲֻ̽鵽Χʮɾѣ֮ʶһɨܺ׷ΧһﷶΧĶ
۹жϣͷҽʯӦҵʵ׵ޣнףҲĲΪˮƽ
ΪˮƽֻԶͷҽʯޡ
ҶظеЦǣͷҽʯ޵ĵƺСĶ֣̺ĳȥǿĶ֣ȴҪԥϸ졣
˭
Ҷһ£ϹһĨЦת뿪ҽӣܶԶȻôСǾԼһЩ

Ҷػһɫ·òڵҰԼϢѹͣҽӱ߶ŪҽʯޡȻҽʯ޲ϵþαװҶأ̲סϷŪĴҽг˳
ҶһСˮһԶܡͷҽʯ޵ԴȻδŪҶصͼʱ֮󣬲֪УҶظ˾ҽӰʮĵط
ҶŰԼļαװ˺ȥȫ֣ҽʯ޽͹

Ҷطһƿֱӳҽʯ޵ͷϡ
ҽʯ޻ɻȥˡûӦӡˡһͳϯҽʯ޶ʱݵĻѣһͷȥ
лҶǰԲˬҲԡ
ϵ
һһɳɫâ䲻ݷҽʯ޵ͷϡ䡪ҽʯ޵ļӲʯףϵֱӸһ顣
ҽʯ޵ĻѣҲֻһɲǵĹѡ˹¡£³һŵ棬ûΪޣΧҶء
ȻûֵĴܣҽӷȥ
ӣûţ
ҶغٺЦһЩޣ׷ݴ
쬣
һ޴ĺˮϵɽҵĻҽʯ޵ϡ
䣡
ҽʯϳһɫıˮ㣬ٶһ¼
СƬ̹

ҽʯ޲ҽһҽȥΧһĻʯףáҽʯһʯǣֱСһȦʮɸߴ󣬱ֻɴС
ɢϢʵֱӴףĽסǣΧʯͷǱˣ滹һʯͷǡû¶ı塣
Ҷظе졣ⲻޣ

СƬ̹֮
ҽʯޡغһıٴαһĻʯǣֻдСһɡҲĽף׵ʵ
ףѾڵˮƽѡлʯװšԽĻʯףԽ
ҶеɻԽԽû֡ҽʯ޵ıˡʰһͷ׵ޣѾҪѶľ
һâȥ
䣡
ҽʯغҲûֱӱʯǣһȫըѿΪһѵðŻʯ飬û档
ҶطŪЩðʯ飬ɻޱȡޣѵʯͷԼɣ޿ԳɻûʯͷҲԳĹŹֵ顣
ҶصĿ⣬ͻȻһʯͷм䡣һС㣬һŲһŲĻУֲиĳԶҽŲ
һץ
ҶصץһȫͨͨӨ͸СӣģϣСһ£ʹġ֨죬һ΢ĺС硣
С˿ֱӵĵزҲһСѡ
Ҷֱˣҽʯޣ˺ü֮󡭡ֻСӣСҲ̫ǿ˰ɡ֪˶ٰʱ䣬ŰԼ˺ĻʯǿýҽʯޣýһŶԡ
ȵȣ
һᡶ澭ԵǵϿȣа϶ģһֱûôùҵ
ȡ澭׷һ顣
ʱ֮ҶصɫޱȹŹ֡
ֻСӣûڡ澭ҵĴڣûзֺƵĳӡ⡶澭ŵף˶Ϊ棬˵Ӧüصĺȫ棬©Ŷ԰
Ҷ˺һ뵽ԡ
澭ֻǼ¼һЩΪĵͽ档Ӧûи߼ġ澭غĸ߽档൤ţͨݺͺݣǷֿصġ
һŸûӵļء
붴㣬ǧǰݵĴ򿪹һΣ㼫ҽӱߡСֻصҽӶеģŵʿûа¼ȥҲ൤ţҲͬÿһеݶռȫ
ԣҶ˵ɶǺϢСӦúܺŶԡ
һƿӽһҽмһҽȥţ׼ȥúоһô޵ġ


197 ɽ
ҶҽӱߴһСʱ䣬֮뿪󶴡ʱ䣬붴Ѿȫ㣬˲ٵĻϵʯɼʮɵĵͼ󹤶ȵܶڲڿʯ
߶ʯѾɸϷռݣ˴Ľ󷨣Ǳɵ޷ֻܴͨ൤ſƵĿ
൤ŵĿҲдĽ󷨣ɲٿͷš
ž
߶һʯڣһ൤׳ͷһӣű¨ﻹһʯŭĳǰͼŭ𣬡Щ飬һ첻Ǳ㲻ǲǣһôһʯǼʲôԵģ
ǼĿ󹤣ʮ߰꣬еʮͷΪǼͣſ䣬ηſͷһȻһӣȴҿҵı
ʱһӰڿڣߡ
׳ͷ֣һʿ˫ִĿ߳ʱŭȻһɻģ⻹˵ãʱһӳ˹ȥ
һȴһգǸʿӰ΢΢һ£ܿӣϢվԭһüͷ׳ͷ
׳ȻڿûܶӵĿ󹤣ϽĿһ̽ȴָǰʿΪĸߵ͡
ͬһڵʿ໥̽ΪĸߵͣԲ̽ھŲΪǸ߳һ֮ǳˡʿ޷̽ԶΪʿĲΡ
ʿ
׳ͷֻһ£ͷðһܣʱŵĻ⣬ֵĽһѽæ±ߵͷл
ʦʦ£СĿˣС
׳Ųԣ˵źݺݵԼ˼ƣֻϣǰʿҪʿСԵġλʦˣҲûа˻Ϊλʦʲôʱ󶴵ģ顣
ҶصĿɨǼηһԵĻͷĿ󹤣ֿŹڵĵĿͷԿͷûκκøУһ˿䵭ˣǱŵӡղʲô
׳̧ͷ˳򣬷ǰλʦƺȽϺ˵ֶŭ֮ˣæС˸ղڽѵǣÿϽһ¨ʯǼ̫ˣûڹ¨ʯֻ겻ɽ񡣡
ҶĶЦñѵͬţ˭Զ˽̵ģ
׳оһʿӴѹѹڵϣ޷ŵͷ󺹣ధʦ壬Щʵ㲻൤ŵĵӡ㲻˽̡ʦ壬찡
൤ŵĵӣ
ҶزɫĽѹȥüͷʲôˣ
׳ʱоһɣǧѹɣҲɵĺܣ˲Ĵ󺹣æСЦϿ֪൤µӰǧвٽ˫ޣŮȻҲ١ǱʲȻֱӳΪ൤ŵʽӡǣ˶ûķ˻ֱӱʦţ͵˼ȥ
⻹һ֣ȴǱʼϲµİʿʮҲڵͽΪѣû൤ʽӵļ档
һŮ˵൤ŵʽţʲôͷǣ˼֮󣬾͸൤ž͸ûжԨԴˡң֮ǰ൤ŵʽӣүЩ󱲱ûչˣѲﵱͷǮϱΪСġʵֻ൤ţɶһ۵ĻЩʿ
׳Խ˵Խ죬Ҷûм˼һȫ˵˳ֻϣҶرΪղŵǨŭ
Ĳʽӣ൤жˣ
СҲôҲǧ֮ɣ⻹ֻġЩûǱֱʦţûڡ
ҶسĬһ£Ϊʲô뿪൤ţȥطı
뿪൤ţ汲൤ţ뿪ȥ
׳ãȻˣ˵൤ŵ֮˲ô˵ߵĶֱ൤ţҪ뿪ˣɾûôˡ
ҶԽĬˣ˺һվǿյҡҡͷȻЩ󹤵ľЩۣôֻҪн˫޵ʿŮŮ϶ͻûǱʼ͵ˣȫ޷ơС档
ܲܽʿŮɣ
֮Ľϣĺ׵Ķࡣ׷м䷴׳֮ˡʵϣɶµĵ˫֦ɢҶ
޷žųҲˣֵġ
ҶҲٶͷָ𡣿ͷͿ󹤶࣬൤û˿ĵλͷҲֻڶŸĿˣˣѣǿˡ
ɫٲȥ
׳ҶشҪ뿪æֺõλʦ壬ҪҪʲôæСıĲУڻмá
Գϻڲ룿˵
ڣԳ˼һֱ൤Ӫկǰ˵ѰСӵ䣬국겢δ˵Գʲô顣ҪҪСȥ֪Գϣ
ˣֱӻɽš
ҶؿɲûȥԳϴ򽻵ȻԳʼûʲôҲûҪ̫Գϻ鷳
ǣ
׳ޱȵĸҶأֱҶسĶߣʮֲķ˿ڡܹһλʦ˵ϻҲպͬ鴵ʱˣ֪λʦʲ˭Ϊʲôڡ
ͷһ·ĿͷҶЩԽ͵͵ЩʯߣҲ㶯֡ʯҲУƽҪʯ࣬ʣʯʱ㹻ˡ

ҶشӿڳһеĻȵԼտҰһ³ĸоȻǱ֮Ľ죬ڳˡ
Ҷؽһɽ׳ΪɽâһԾ𣬲ڷɽϡԦŷɽϸٷУǰ൤ɽһеĿС
ǿĸ߽׷ԭͨǿʶͷٿ塣֮ʶͷ˿վ棬׵
Ȼˣֻ򵥵ѡҪƷɽ򶷣ûҪϰרŵĽĻӲɽ̫
ʮ֮Ҷһ·£൤ɽϿա
൤ɽԲǧ󲿷ֵĵطУߴн󷨣ֻдǰʯ㳡Խ䣬ĵطֹС
Ҷؽ൤ɽ֮󣬰;֮˺üСӵɽѲߵĵӣЩֻǹļһƣδѯʡ
Ҷ൤Ĺ㳡ɽǰϽμš
ڻ൤ŵ·ϣһֱڷ顣һӽһһ׷ɱӽˣûô׾͹ȥ
ӽϵڸšҶغͷۣҪһѩǰûôסǾôȥҲ׵˭֪Ǹӽպʲô
һǻʸ顣гλʦڣҲֻܳĬ¶κ쳣
Գ֮Ǭһ£Ϊ򵥡ԳһֱĻԶ൤ţҲʲôˡԳ൤ŵĵλλλ̫ߡҲʿûʲôþġ
Ҷؾȥμš
ǵ÷൤ŵӣΪʿ֮󣬶ʸڵõΪŨüֲҩĵʹáȻòԣǶϼҲûʲôװװӻǱġ
ϽǰվھŲµӣҶأһ۾ͲڵΪȻȴҵæʩ񣺡λʦ壬֪λʦкιɣ
ҶЩϰڵӵĹĻһ񣬵𣿡
ںͼλϴһҪڼŵĻֻʱ鲻ʱӼʦ壡һͷµ¶ɫ˵֪ǲǺҪҪͨһ
ҶصЦҸոһ¡ҲʲôҪ飬æĻҲпɡ
µЦŶԭˣѹֵӸоʦĺܣϲʦɹ򵥣ʦֻҪƫõǼһ±УӿΪźסޣʦ൤ĸ¥ס¡ҽʦţŹпգٺʦ̸ԡס顣
ҶصЦͷͬ
ͷµ·
ҶظţƫµǼᣬ൤ڵݸΪʿʽΪʿеһԱһһ൤ŵơ
ǰʿסĸ¥ʱס¡
൤ĽȺǳӴʸסʿ࣬൤ʵҲסʮʿѡ
ÿһʿӵһСԺһĸ¥һԺ䡣
ҡͷ鷿ҡҡչҵȵȣһӦȫպ˫ް£ãҲ㹻ĵطס
¥ǳɾȻǾɨŴ̨ͤǰ̴ϵľƳɣϸݻ¶һɴɵɡ
Ҷزɵͷ˸ߵĴԶԶڵӿԱġ
ֻס΢һ㡣ʦסߣ½һ¥ѡλܹɽһȫµ¥󡣴⣬ʦҪۡŮӵĻ浽ΪʦЧ͡
µӹ˵
Ҷһ¡Ȼµ˵ĺޣףŮӣǼ򵥵ĸЩӻѡڣͨʿλ£һЩͨӶڵͽʿʵûʲôλԡͶŵĸ߽ʿǳΪŮҲδһ·
Ĭһ£˻֡
µ̹ǫĴ¥˳ȥ


198 ż򡪡
Ҷڿ徲ԺڹһϤĻ֮ԼԺϴϴԡһص¥ڵңúõ˯һ졣
ܾûζɴϵζȻص׳꣬أʱ̽񾭣ƬҲҷɡ
൤ŵĴӪ൤壬оλߴ壬дСĽ󷨻ɽţڶĵҹɽΧѲߣҲҲͷϣܵûκθ˯ߡ
˯һֱڶ̫ɹͷʱ⼸æĳ鲻ÿԴһԼ顣
ҶؽԼƷһ飬ڵƷ֮⣬а˼ӡϵ«ɫС𽣡ɴ⣬鼮һöżһװһСƿӣԼһСϵ󾧡
Сϵ󾧣뿪֮ܶǰȡġֲϿϵɽȻҪһ
Ҷرжϼϵ󾧱áҲ֪жϵĸ߽ʿҽӱߣɫ󾧶ˣƷʲһЩĺɫ󾧶ʣࡣ
һС飬СѷòײѰҵġ
⣬ҶﻹʣһЩƷʯʱ򣬲ûȫ꣬Լٿ֮ࡣʱ鵤ˣʯ󲢲ࡣ
Ҷڵݣ൤Űǧڵǲģֻϵʿſܶв൤ڣ󲿷ֵʿڱչûº
ȻҲǰûʱһСĶܣ鵤ó±ͬʦֵܸϡ鵤ȥڵӻȡʯҲû˸˵л
ȻˣҶصĿԼΪʵȥѵʯԼΪ󸻵ʿ
سǴ꣬ԵǺ൤Ŵ˽꣬Ҳǿڽɽ켣һЩͷһǳԵĵǶõġжʵʸӵжĲƸĻĲƸֻʣǻ֪ôġ
ھ˰ѵĲƸҲԲҪⱻš
ֻչ¶һʿĲٿƷʯ㹻ʹúܳһʱ䡣ȵΪȥõ鵤ȥʯҲ޷
ҶɨϵƷһۣװһСƿӴ򿪡
Ѿʮûһ棬֪ûСƿ沢ûһ棬ֻһŰƴСʯҽѾȴӲޱȣҲģ˿
ҶЦЦʯһһ΢ĻϢӦһɡ
꣡
ʯһѣһֻɫӨС档
ƺ˯оѣڵϻŵ˼£ŷҶϷŪɷŭ̧ͷз£ʾƵģɰ糤С硣
Ҷһһѹɢ
һƺҲܸܵʿӴѹ̱ѹõͷŵʯƬȥС磬ʯƬۻΪҽ࣬Ȼһ
ҽһϡ
Ȼҽдᡣ
˺üʱ֮»𼸺˸۵ήҲ°һϸܵʯףࡣʯ֮ĻԴ˼֡ĵҲһЩ͵͵ĵҶһۡ
ҶؿһĻʮ־
ٴνʯ׸飬ֱͷų𣬰ʯۻ
һĻζŬڷڵҽдȴʱ´һʯס
ϸĻܷʯ༫ϸܵСףȷ˿ϸһĻ磬ǴЩСðģȻ
Ҷ˼
ҽֻͨĻϵʯڻɵҽûʲô֮
ؼʯЩϸܵСס
³Ļ粢ûʲôͻĻͨϵʯ׵С׵ʱȴϵʯһʯ׺ﵽʮɵĻһССĻн׷Ϊ޵ĵز
ֻһ׵һ棬صʯףԼصı£ˡֻ¸߽׵ޣҲвϺ׵һ档
һʯ׵ٶ̫ˣĹ򣬲ŰϱһСʯ׶ѣָһѡ
ûʮĹ򣬲ϵҽд޷´һɺľʯסʮɺʯףµϰĹ򡣡
ҶŪһôһ£ΣҡͷһƿװЩϵʯڻΪҽһЩʹȥ¯ǳҲʡȥԼٵ鷳
Ҫѱֻûôסŵĵӣһһ֪
Ҷһ棬ϵһöż鿴صģöżǴӹŵһʿõƷʱŲ̽żȴΪʶ޷֪еİءȻʿܴ򿪵Ʒ
żʲôҶһ֪
Ѿʶȵǿ㹻ʱ侲̽öżİء
Ҷ᷿ڵϥĿżǰϢ˰ʱ֮ʶָѵ״̬ʶʼżڡ
żһӴԹ
Ҷصʶոȥ˺һɽȥɫ΢΢һ䣬Ѿδţʶ͸
żڵԹڷΪҪĲɢŽ̡졢ƵȲͬĹâÿһСڣÿһҪʶ̽顣
Ҷһ˼ʲôһ˵һʶѡðźһȫӿ˽ȥڵصܶ꣬ڶԺɫеΪϤС
һʱ֮
Ҷصʶոպǿִ˺յ㣬ʶͬʱĽߣ漴ż˳ղŴյһɲǼ䣬ѾõصϢ
һΪϽĽ
濪ƪм飬ϽΪɽǰһϽԪӤʿĽ
׽һΪƪƪϽƪ㣬ŽʿϽƪΪ㣬Žᵤʿ
λϽҲ֪ʲôͷ·ơϽƪһ꣬ڻ޵С꣬ᵤڻ޵С
ҶؿʱȻǾΪ֮һ
ԪӤʿµĶ϶Ǻö൤ŴôãҲû˵ԪӤʿ顣Ҳ֪Ϊʲô൤ŸûԪӤʿһ
ǣ൤Ĵɣʿ˵ҲˣôûеԪӤʿأ
ɻҶʱŪס
żڵġϽȤòײŷһԪӤʿµƷôҲúúоһ²С
Ҷ¿ȥȴЩԡ
׽Ҫ󣬾Ȼߡÿһ㽣ҪӦԵķɽУ޷
ƪ㽣ֱǽ𽣡ľˮ𽣡ƪ㽣ֱǷ罣׽
ÿһ㶼ǵ𽣡ľˮ𽣡ûи֮֡Դӽ𽣿ʼҲԴӻ𽣿ʼÿһĽɵʹá
ÿһĻЧһۻ
𽣡ľˮ𽣡ɽտһΪн󡱵Ľ󡣶罣׽ɽһΪ潣󡱵Ľ
𾪵ǣн󡱡С潣󡱿ԷֿʹãҲԽһ𣬳Ϊ󡱡׽󣬽ڸ߽ʿʩչԺԪӤڵͽ׸࿹ģһԪӤʿҲâ˱ᡣ
ϽֱӸɽƷйϵ
ɽԽ߽ףӳȻԽ
ֻʹͨĵͽ׷ɽҪߵĻǾͱˡԪӤʿһָͷֱӰѷɽˣ˵ʲôˡ
ԡϽÿһƪĺ棬⸽һ䷽ϣԼӦռԭϣƷķɽ
ЩǵϽľѪܽռѷɽ䷽ҲΪķɽ
ҶؿЩֱ֮
ѹϽҿԼġϽڡ޵С˱ɽԭϣϡզͷĵز
мռȫЩϣ˱ɽ㲻һơ
ŲƳɷɽ֮ÿһɽ϶ǼĶ׷ûСϽǿЩɽҲǿı̬ͨʿԵֵġ
Ͻ뻹ɽûжķ׽Ҳδؾж
Ҷؿ֮ЩЩм
ڶԪӤʿ𾴺ͳİѵֵĻ𽣾һ顣
ҶظղŽ˵Ǻȡֵƪнеġ𽣾
ʵϣżҲֻɫâֱӦַɽȻֻǼ¼˴нĽûмС潣Ľ
𽣾ûʲô֮󣬲е
ҶؿϽڻ𽣾渽һɽԭϡ
𽣣ԭΪػǧĻϵ󾧣ɫΪѣ֮ԪԶžŰʮһշɡ
𽣣ϽΪʺɴнļƷϵɽ
ҶԽɫԽ죬ϲַ
ʹͨϵĻϵɽĻӳȻҲͨʹϽصġ𽣡ʩչĻȻòˡ
ϵ󾧣һС飬ݾãɫ
ȥѰǽʿʩչĻ棬ڶͷųʿѡ൤ŵľλʦû⹤
Щ˵֪ϵ󾧡ʲô
ЦõǣԪⶫû˵ȥŪ
Ҷεҡҡͷ
ͻȻ뿴öżڵ⡢̹⡢⡢ƹֱʲôƷɽҪЩηԭϡ
ڵʶһգҪϢһָֻܻʱ˵뷨


199 Լ
ļʱҶؽżʣɫâһһ̽ϡѡϽСнҪƷɽҪԭϵȵȣһ顣
Խ棬Խ
ҫ˿һˮɫ𾧡Ƴɰ࣬ͶǧݵƷҪԪֶȫַͬơ
Ҷؿ֮󣬼׷ȫסϽ뷨
Щɽԭ䷽ݳ޵˼¡
ɫ˵ͨĻϵʯػǧɣҪڶʱ붴ֻӰӶ
мˣⱾ°صԭȫռȫ
ҵеһϣѾǽˡ
ҶذϽ˼ʱ£൤ʿסıԺ¥סգ൤ʿʸ񴩵İ£ȥһ䣬ѰҡƪڹƪڹԱպ
ʵ̫ˣ൤ɴɣҲûʲôȥ
ڲӵµӣҶ˵Ҫҡ˺ðĹ򣬲ſҳӲҳһݴ˺ܾҲû򣬹ĽҶصС
ҶʮƷʯƪƪһݣֱӴߡ
Ȼˣʲô׷ȫн׷ȫСೣʹáˡʿ䷽ȵ鼮ҲһЩ׼һȫһ³ʶ
˵ҲȻѾʿˣҶںܶͽ׷棬ȴòࡣĳʶյҲ١
˵ҲûϺüʱ䣬ܰЩʶȥ

գҶشӲصԺȴһµվڱԺſڡ
µӣǰҶϽſڼλԱ߻վһŮŮЩίվһԣһʮֲӡ
µӽڱԺſڵţҶػһϲæǰһ񣬵Ҷʦ壬ԪˡͬҶȥᣬ֪Ҷصϡ
Ҷһۣʲô𣿡
µæЦûʲôҪ顣ֻǵӼʦЩûʲô֮ˣʦԾסв㣬һֱǹšҾţʦҪһλỤ̊ҲһЩλ귽ʮߣƷжɣ֮ǰδ̹ʦ塣֪ʦǷ񿴵ۣ
Ҷ϶ʱ৵һ
һ䣬²⵽ôһ£Ԫӡһ
ԪδҲ̫׸˰ɣǰŸոռת۹Ȼ͹Ϊֺոʦ壿бҪͽ
ҶɨԪһۡ
ǣԪıȻЩη壬ȴû˿Ĵ㣬¶һӱ΢Цݣƺøͳȥݡ
ҶضԪһɨһԱߵ̾һ
ɽʵпᡣʿĵλʵǵ͵ÿµӣûкıҲòǧټƵֺø߽ʿ
ϸһ룬ԪҲδؾȫΪֺֻ¸һ·˼
Լʮ˾꣬ĲΪüĿ㣬һɫ͹£ҲмɫЩɬ̧ͷ
Ĳͽ׵ΪԻĺܺá
൤ţû˻һۡ൤ŵײм䣬ûڸ߽ΪĻһ˵Բ졣
ܳΪʦŮ֮࣬һԾ֦ͷݺ͵λõߡ
ҶȻЩͬ飬ȴԼ޹ʶһŮһɣԾܾĺܣûǮ̴ӣǻȥɡ
ԪȴеҶʦ壬ÿλʿÿ¶й̶нٺŮʹ֮ĻڻᷢŶĲԲôǮ
Ҷضʱһ£ʿŮʹӣܲ⵹ʮ⡣
һպԼıԺ¥֮ⶼҪ˴ЩҲͨ൤ŵȥһõˣбҪġ
°ɣƽһ±ԺͺãľͲˡ
Ԫϲлʦ壡
Ͻãߵл
æһ
֮ǰǲǵ͸һλʮʦ壬ȥӷ׳ªǰʿǼҶ֮ŻȻѹȫһ
λʦ˳ԾȻòЩͨҲϱߣƢҲҪº͡Ȼȥ䵭ǱҪýӴܷһλʦ壬ĸȻٿܡ
Ҷνĵ˵ͷһЩҪ֮󣬾ٲԺڣֱϸ¥ոմӲһ鼮
ȻǮ˳һغˣҲûʲôס˿û檵˼

ü֮ԳҶסıԺˬʵҶʦôЩæŴһЩͷ۵飬ûܼʱ㣬¡£
ҶضЩ⣬ԭΪп֮û뵽ȴԵţҵ̳˸¥ӭӣʩţ
ЩˣҶʦĻҽʿպʦֵƱˡ൤£ÿҲųʿѣƽʦֵܣɲడ
ǣʦ֣
ҶؿЦֻøĿڳʦ֣ȴλȫǰ࣬ŶԴ֮ͬ䣬̬Ȳ໹Ǻܴġ
⣬Ҷصļ򣬶һͬ¥
Ҷ֪൤ʿж֮ڣܵõ㿴Եŵģʵǲࡣ
һΪҶص䣬ܶʿʱʮ꣬ҶڽǶʮԪء
ɽ磬ľãһ־ơȱΪΡˣûڼĺôԼࡣʿᱻɸ߲Ŀ
ȴΪǰǼ顣
ǰЩõµӵ֪һҶصıʿճɹ֮ܿҶص˰˷ݵͼᣬΪһ󹦣һѶø棬ϴһ顣
ҶسɹصʦţϳҪ飬ٲûỨһ˼һλҶʦҲ൤ϳһϵˣڱ˿ɽǹ¼ҹһ
Ѱ˼ȻϧԽݣ֮󣬾ԵŰݷãͬŸ顣൤֮λȻй֮
ǵˣչˣȡһȪľͼҶţ൤߷֮һȪ壬һıԺ˽ȫµ¥Ҷؾס
ڱԺͽϵȵĲҩԣ鵽Ҷص¡ЩֲҩЧѡнٺ֮࣬һһ˿١
ҶضЩô¶ǳı顣ȴЦһľϸ㹻ҩˡ൤ŵԣֻǼ߶ѡܲ۰Ͱ͵ĵʮ꣬ȥջҩɡ
Űһѵĺôȥ֮ЦݣɫصҶʦܣȻѾɵĺĵӡЩ飬ʦҲҪ˵һˣպ鷳
Ҷؼɫأ֪鲻С̵ʦ뽲
൤꣬ڵĹв٣ԼӵΪеŹҲһҪǾԼ
ű˫֣ݲȵ֮ǰʦɽɽɣԱģһԼ
һԼǻ̡ԵǡϿȣԵɢ˹ϽɽܱɼϽҸɣֻϽɽǰɢ޳֪Ƿһ㣿
ҶصͷǳɢޣԵǴһʱ䣬Դ֪һ
Цãסһ㣬ɷպȥԵǡܱȵأڱ˵ĵϲ¶ˡڶԼǵ˺ԼɽɽɡԵǡɼ壬ͬԴ
Ҷһ£ơ
һԼӺ˵붴Уɵ֮໥ɱѰ顣ɵĸ߲㲻Ĭ
ƺҶصɻЦ֮ǰµԼҸɵʦԴԵǣԲԼȻͻСв𣬵ɻͬشԼ
Ϊ˱֤ɵӵѪԣĳϣ˵֮أɵ֮ʵĴ򶷣ġպɽĻҪһССֿԣǾɽɡԵ֮ĳͻС鷳ʦſΪͷϴ鷳֮䣬ǺԵ֮ĻʦҲ޷Ϊͷ
Ҷص˵ͷô࣬ȼ˵ͻȻ뵽һ⣬ʦ֣ӶҪɽ
Це֮󣬶Ҫϣ˽һ½ȻŻɽűչǱޡ˺ÿһʮ꣬ҲһΡǸɵĹֻ൤ŵĵҪ
鲻ȹһأٳλ½ʿ֮һҲȫһЩ
ʦְţ
Ҷض޲ɡɣǲϰףܴôãȻԭ
ŵԼǹͬԼ½ԵʿɽʿбҪ໥֧Ԯ
ҶȻԵǣ
ɫصȻЩɽһʿͨΪʿ½󣬿ɲֻʿɽģºԵǡԭԵǵȵȣЩԵͬǳϣӴ
˵ɽҲʷҲԶطԵǣݺ͵򣬳ǵв١ʱ򣬵ʱȻͻԴˡ
Ҷжʱ𾪡
ɽԲҲðϡɽΧɼĵ̣Χ½ʿжԶ
صԼȷʿĸڣҲ൤ĸ൤źĵӣһҪмǣԼΪֻҪƻԼĹأǺ˵
Ҷͬлʦָ㣬ұضģ


200 Ԫϣ
ҶؽһҪŹ֮Ҷصµнٺһ˽Ժ¥ҪǮƣ뿪
ãȪ忪ʼľ
൤ɽÿһ壬ǳӴʮ﷽Բһ֮ڣС壬Ҫɵʯϣ໥ͨͨճͨС
ҶȪɽѡһҰƽ̹ľڶ֮أ룬˽Ժ
ڶڵ۵ӱӶǰɽɽпǧϡľģ൤ڵȹĶƽ죬˽һԺ¥
ҶزûڱԺϷʲô˼ԾסҪܼ򵥣ס˱ˡ˽Ժ£ȫյŮȥ
СѾͷǱ̫ͣΪҲһ㣬ģ㰲ؼһнʿҶشӣǸŮϡõҶصķԸ֮󣬸²ָڹҪһ൤˽˱Ժ
ԺԱߵһϵҩ԰ڹҶӵСҶԶȥҩģȫӶ۵ȥ֡ϡ
ҶظûдȥԡûʮĹ޷ҩ԰õ߼ֵҩġ
൤ŵʿһ㳣ʶҩģԽãԽСЩ漶ʿóһݵĸߵҩģȵһͨʿȫļҵ
Ȫ忪ʼľʱ൤ŵͨǶˣԵü˷ܡ
ÿᵤŶԼֻӳɹΪ̫ϡ٣ÿһɹʿע˻ΪͨĽĶҲŵĻ⡣
̶̵ʱҶʦ塱൤ŵľ󲿷־ϲðԵڵӸھˡ
ϧҶصľʵǲ԰׵ĺܣƿɳ¡
ǰ൤ţڼû˭˵ʲô¼òкµӣ۱ϣҶһӪɽڿŻ
ҲҶΨһۡ
ЩϲԵĵĿɿڴϧӪɽɿѾڶǰرգҲ֪Ҷô꣬Щʲô
λҶʦΨһ㣬붴ʱ򣬲֪ôͻȻһõ˰˷ݵͼᣬŴõøͬʦֵܡ˺;ַһЩ飬ڸ֮ӽ˶Ҷز֪ʧ꣬ЩȻҲ𡣡Щ飬ǰ൤ֵ÷зܶµӶǵá
µӶԴ˲мЦҶʦⴿѡ
Ǵ󲿷ֵӵܣȴͦҶأΪʵ֤ݣҶʦ幻ĺôҲͬţ˾մֱʦŵıʡ
ӽһ޳ܣҽڶͬŵ͵ɷʴһף۵ϵڸҲ̨˸һְеĳϡ
ҺҶʦڻŻˣӽлŶԡ
µ̸ʱ򣬶ҵӽ
ϾҶµӳʿ൤ʵҲ󲿷ֵʿºĵӳиĻ
ֻµӣŬĴ۲ɹ
Ҷ͵µӳ൤Ŵ󲿷µĽͳ羴ĶȻ˵û٣ʿǴҶ￴һӣļʿ
ȻˣڵͻȻ̸ҶأԭԶֹڴˡ
൤ÿһʿŵĵͽʿĺô
˽һµıԺ¥ҪʯľϣɽʯľļӲھŲĵӳ֣ҲھͿҪӶϰڵӣʱһ£깤
⣬ҪӶһЩ۵ȥҩ԰ԣϤڵҩġҩ԰ԣ൤ܵӭĻЩӿԴʿлһʷǳȶΪ롣
ҶպʲôͨԶ֣ʯ۵ȥɾˡ
ЩֱӹϵµӵôȻµӵرעڴҶصϲá
ΪԭԪëԼҶعҩ԰ԡ
Ҷ͵˦ƹ񣬲Щ¡СѾͷҶ˿⣬Ӵһİ壬ͲףӶ統ҩ԰ܹܣҩ԰öһԺһҩ԰ӡ
ҶضԴҲһֻ۱һֻۡʯǴ൤ŷŵнٺпۣûʲôӰ졣öܰЩ¶ͼ徲С

ڵæµһ֮ҶصıԺڽɣʯǽΪߣԺǰּԺ䣬С¥ڶ࣬רŵҺͱչҡ
ԺͥԺ񣬷ܶݡͥζǺľ̴ϡľģׯصţӶζ
Ժˮ鿡ɽһɫǲɽϪϵʯΪϣ׷лֵƣ˵ֵǧ𡣵ߵУûʯҲǲ̤֮öѡ
Ժ֮ȣͨ˲÷աʽֻǰĺűԺƳġֻǣǸţҲԶû㻪ɡһԺԿЩշͬѰ
Ժ֮Ȫ帽סһЩͬʦֵܣ׷ǰأ˰£ŽƽϢ
ҶؿЦõǣıԺһԺסһλϰİ׷ͷһʿû¾ϲﴮţÿǳɤŴУҶʦڲڣͷ䷹ˡ
Ҷػòĳһʦ֣ܱ
׷ͷǱˣ൤¥ĿأϡҶڸս൤ŵʱ򣬱ʱλʦ塱ڲһ
Ҷص൤ź󣬾ȥ飬ȻλʦЩϤ
ҶظеЩǣλʦֵıԺסԶҲѡһȥ硣ͷЩûûСʱѾͷķˣͷҶﴮš
ʿ㲻ԲҲûκ⡣ɸͷƫƫͺڣ첻һٴܡ
ҶصҲų⣬һЩʦ̡λʦ֡൤ʿ࣬ʦһ˼ʿټ
Ҷͷıһ٣һʱ


201 Ԫ£
ʲô취Ƴ
ͷζŸղŵռζһҡͷѰֻҪʿˡƷǽʦơǽʦ嶼չ׳ΪڵΪǵ׽֮ƷſԳ֡
ҶȻ֪һԸûʦѰ˼Ҫ֪ǽİ취ʵӣҪʹ÷ʲô취
ͷ൤ŵĵػҲΪ׺֡׵ػңԴʮ䡣׵ػңֻжѣٵĿšڸšڳϣҪŶӲʹãʹõʱޣһξͲˡͨʿֲϡ
ͷ˵Ĳѵ̾һʿһֱҲһЩѣûлƷֻԼ켸αһ档
ӴͳһСĽɫСʦⱲԸķƣʲôвٿŽɫСɵıôС
Ҷһµ𽣷
ͷмֽҶأ͸ɡⶫ𽣷ȥһģһڽ˺ü󷨡ҪǺ淨ϣһ군
Ҷؽα̸оСķ̫һ㣬ȻʵزĽ𽣷ͬСҪʮαȥȻ˵ˣʵҲһС齣αװĶѡ
Ŷ׵ػңһ൤ÿܲ
ҶƵúܣûȥ൤ŵĵػڡȫû뵽߽׵׵ػţŶҪŶʹáһɫϵ󾧣һ𽣡൤ŵĵػңûʲôָˡ
ͷٺЦȻٵĿˣػÿܲѾ൤ŲȫԼɵʹõܴһֶ鵤ɻġߴɣɶвͬĲ൤ŵ鵤ķɽڵļУŵȱ˿ף칂ŵķ󷨣ݣǺպСҲһЩĺö֪ҶʦҪʲôҿ԰οο
ɽ
ɽȻǹŵƷѣŵķɽܹ󡣵ͽסн׵ķɽСУ߽׵ķɽҹšö׼һЩʿʹõĹԪ֮鵤֡ҶʦҪǸεķɽ
׵ģԼʲôǮ
Ҷسһ£˵û㽫𽣵飬λʦ֡Լ֪ˡ
ף
ͷʮ־ȣܿ첦˹һҡͷȲ˵׷ļǮ𣬹Ҳ׵ķɽΪ˱֤ƣ׳۵ġ
൤ţҲֻһЩͨƷ׵鵤ٻԪ֮ĸ߽鵤ۣҲǴӶԷﻻһЩƷ
Ҷ꣬ʧĻɫϵ󾧲ϣҸһǮŵʿҲδؾͿϰƶ׷ɽ
ͷҶʧ̬ȫЦеҶʦƺܸȤҪѧôʵҪ˼ˣַࡣȥ鵤һΪպһܽᵤƷɽ͸ˡ൤ҪǳһרĽ𵤳ϣǿӵ顣
ҶҡҡͷᵤôװЦʦ־֪ͨʦֿ֪Ԫʲô
ͷȻԪʲô
Ҷص䷽ʱżⶫоЩ֡
ͷΪҶ൤ڵĲڿ䷽Ҳûж룬ԪԪ񾫻ᵤʿԪ⣬ԪԪãܳһʱ䶼ûֱ֪֣ⷢڲԪдĻԽڡܹԪסԪĴԪĴ֮󣬷ܹԭĻɵҵԼԪķֱ֮ΪԪɽеԪʵ̫٣ᵤʿ֮µԪᱻܹõ
Ҷɫһĵ˵ͷнȥԪˣϣȴԽãᵤʿ֮ȥŪԪ
ͷ˵ֲһ䣬˵õˣҲδؾͻȥơ
ҶֵΪʲôԪķҪ࣬ӦкܶȥƲŶ԰
ͷһۣ⻹򵥣ԪȻ˷÷Ԫ϶ԪΪֱӽס
ȻԪҪͨࡣԪһԪҪˡɵ飬˭ϸɣⲻǵԼΪôȻЩԪĽߣҪʿ⡣ÿĻΪ֮ǰԪڣԪȥһڿʿ˵ΪߵͶҲûʲôáԪã𵽲Сá
Ҷɵˣ˺һѹ
ԪĴԪ
ίʵղѣż򣬿ɰƭˡϽԼġϽ֮ᵤ޵Уԭôһ¡
˱ɼƷԭƶɶ׷ɽɽⱾѾ̬ˡټԪԪĴÿһϡ
һ£мʿܴĹӵа˱Ԫı̬ʿ
λϽȻǿȻó׶׷ɽԪԭ䷽ϽԪӤʿԪĺܣ㹻ʱȥռЩԭϡʿ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ûôʱȥռЩԭϡ
ͷһĹĶҶظѧҶαȤʿ
Ҷؿһ֮󣬴Ӧ綼ҪѧͷĽȻܾ
Ĵ꣬ҶؿʼԼҵıԺǱޣһһѧ
ǡƪڹԪ硣̥ǣ֡
ǵϹʿڴ졶ҡʱ򣬲õķʽƫʿֻ̫࣬мʿɹЩʿȻǱˣҼùðķʽȥ
ƪڹʮǿعȻѭ򽥽Ϣ滺УǿԼϢ羭һ֮ˣ»еϢ
ͬʱϸҩƳһЩڵĹԪÿշãҲǱزٵġϾҶ˵ֻ鵤Ϊķʽ
ʱⲼ죬κ˶޷ҡ
Ϊ˱ɣҩĵ·⻹ŵʿɹ˲ٵҩġ
ҩģ鵤鵤ʯ
һȻûгҩģҲҩĵ·ֻΪٵʯʯȥҩġ
⣬ҶżпգŸͷϤ֮
ҵʱ൤Ⱥ˼λµĳɹʿһ൤ÿһʱҪַǷЩʿ󲿷ּµӣһλ൤ų֮ӡ
ҶرŲ֮ȻҲڵڵӵ


 ½
½Ų׳ʷԵǣ½ڶԵ֮һ


202 ɽ
Ȫ壬ĳɽ¡ɫո¶һƹߣҶرѾϥڱԺһµʯϡ굱յĹ֮ȡһᡶУһҳһҳӽζĶ
ȪţֻвľɳɳҶ
Ƭ̣Ҷؽһҳ꣬Ŀ˼Ρ
һУһƴСĻͭǰİСͭǻͭʯĴɣҪǧĻͭʯȥңƳƴСĻͭ
ƻϵһͭϡͭȻҶԼƵģǴڵġ
ҶϷðһĴָСĻ磬쳣ȵĸ£ΧʮɵĲľ֮ڼ̼䶼ԶڵΪҽɽһ֪ȥ
һֲٿǿͭͶȥ
ͭһӴ磬㽥ڻΪһŽҺ壬תƬ֮Ͳס棬𽥷ȼƴСĻͭ󲿷ٴαȥֻʣ¼Ļͭ
һģֻаԭеҾܵƷʸߡ
ֱҲ޷ӻͭκҵʱҶزȡڶͭͶ֮СͶʮͭȫתΪߴȵĻͭ
Ҷؼ๻ˣзɿЩҺ̬ĻͭһƮڰУ˼ܳɹ̶״
һСĳͣвţ𽥳Ρ
ʱһһĹȥҶϳϸܵĺ飬˿ҷɡ̽ɣԶءڶֻһ̽Ĵ߶ѡ
㹤֮󣬶̽ϳͣŽɫͭ⡣
ʱĶ̽Ѿһͭ齣ȥҲֵòʯ
Ҷزδͣ¡
һָһ΢ɽָ˳ԼٶȣڻͭĽ࣬Կ¼һ΢͵󷨡
ֽ󷨣ֻͨá簲һϵ󷨣ὣǻϵ󷨣ʹ齣ʱ򣬿Զͷųֵͽ׻ϵˣȵȡϣһۣ԰ʯ󷨵á
һʱ֮
һƿͼ򵥵ĵͽ׻ͭ齣ɡ
Ҷز˲һѺİеͭʦѧ˴ͨѾˡ
ͭһֲϡ֮֮պִ𽣣ɹİҲߡ
Ÿһͭ齣ڰ֮䡣
ֻһ΢Ľ⣬쬡ңԶɽ봦ֱ
ҶĿһֽ΢ĽץסһŽɫİﴫȻϣ¶һ˿ůЦ⣬Ǳġ
˵⴫òѪĻӡеǿһӡ˫ް֮ĸӦἫǿҡԪ֮ĸӦûκζ赲
һص൤ţܸоԪϢ
ȻҲܸоϢñ㴫Ĵȥεε鶼һ顣һֱܻŻ൤ɽչңʸ
Ҷزûдȥʸڵıչҡǳʦ壬߻ǻʸʦ壬΢ʵûκʸվǵǰ
ҶŽɫĬã¶ԵĿЦ
ɽ֮Уλײ㼫ɭϡ
߽ʿ͵ͽʿ֮䣬ͽ׵ʿԶֻӸ߽ʿɼСɼ֮䣬Сɼֺֻӭɼɢ֮䣬ɢֻã
ͬλݵʿ֮䣬һ㼫ǿӲĸĤ
ɼ壬ͨʿǷǳͨǲͨʿģҪ˵ͨ
൤ĹϴɣǽΪʵݺ͵λҶڲʿĻֻȪռһʯͷܡ
ʸ൤ŵһ壬λͱ֮Ľϣ˽ܶ⹫Ļʸֻ»һɱûʸɽ⵽Ц
ҶѾѪڵͷСӣȥçײĳײɽɭϵ
յİﴫ֪Ѿġ
û㹻ʵϻʸݵλ֮ǰֻѡ̣ĬĻҪ꣬ǣ
ԻʸıѩȻҲһ㡣൤Ȫ壬ȻǸɽҲֻǿĳ嶯൤ıչǱֻżԴһСģҶرΣա

˭
ҶŻʸĽɫ˼ŵʱͻȻͷһݣȵδͷԸоиϤϢڿ
ʦ壬ң
ķҶʮ֮ŹϵģһľҶʦʮ꣬Ѿʿȴڷܣÿմ絽ûôϢļڷܣҲ
ҶصҲǷԸҪ𣿡
һµǰ˵ʦȥһϽµ˵ƺҪʦɽ顣
ҶŶһ˵ͷǰ˵ÿӳɹ֮󣬶Ҫɽһʱ䡣
ֻΪڵĵӻ̫٣ûǲȥǰЩ˵һλĵѾ½ӣҲʱɽˡ
Ҷлȥ˦ֽһɽ׳ΪһɺâԦɽ൤弲ٷȥƬ֮Ѿɵ൤Ĺ㳡ϣ䣬ٲϽǰ
ϽȺƺΰ׳ȫǽ൤ɽ֮ߵɳǹһӴĽȺչۼԶ׷˿Ҷÿⲻ˱ӲһΡ
Ͻǰվŵļµӣȥ
Ҷµӵǰ£ٲޱȣյϽڡҶزǣϽڣ⣬ϴϵȺü߲ʿʲô
⣬һŮʿɷ緢һǣȻһˡ档
Ҷ׹λ֮ʿҪλһȥ
Ҷֻ΢ɨһۡˣһǶʮĸʿЩһʮʿװ֣Щ
Ҷؼǵò㿴źϳϵˣʩ
źǺЦҶʦܣˣλ쳤ʦܡԪʦܣʦáмλ൤Ž°ɹĵӡȥһֱûɽ˴λһͬȥɡ
Ҷص˵ͷЦŸλͬеʦֵһһʾ⡣
ʦֵ鲻һ쳤ƽԪǹǫЦݣһһɫŹֵģˣƤĳҶؼüŪۣҶһ죬ЦֲЦ
ϽҶֻû
໥ʶ֮ЦݣɫӦ֪ŵ֮󣬶뿪ʦ½ꡣ൤ŵĿĵÿζɽܱѰʯϡҩġصȵȣͬʱ½һνΪȫ˽⡣
˴˴ĿĵǱɼ壬ı߾һһСʯǽű߾Ĵܹɼ壬ȴʯҲзݡɼ˾ҵĳͻ˲ʿ
ǰȥ룬Ҫ˽ʯ׼ȷжߵļֵԼϼϼ֮ķϼǷҪ֧ԮȿֱӽﴫʦšʦŻɳ֧Ԯ
Ҷ΢΢ȻжʱɻǱʹܵɼ֮ĳͻ൤ʲôϵ
ҶԱվŵλװֵԪɻﴫҶʦܣϴϸϳϵϾɼģҲ൤ŵӡ
ҶسԪƳһۣжʱ׹ɼǧ˿Ƶϵɼ⣬Ȼ֡
ٺ˼룬ϸŽ
ⲻɼ֮漰֮ϼ൤ںͬк̨ţЩ֡
ڣʿֻȥ˽̽ûȥ
Ž˵ʱɼһЩ˵֮󣬲ŵǼȥȥ׼һ°ɣɽȥ
ǣ
Ⱥ뿪Ͻ
ϳȴǺҶء桢Ԫһͬ뿪Ͻ
ϳϱ˫֣ЦҶصҶʦܣȥһŵġϺԼ˵ĵϣҪҲһЩ͹ˣպҲΪڰһЩʵȱ
⣬ȥ룬ԿǺϼȻɢ޳Ѿ൤ŵĺĵӣҲÿǽԼļˡм֧֧вŮӦʺϣˣҰ˵ýȻҪǿУԽһ壬Ҳġ
ҶʼձŲĵЦ΢΢ͷлϳ㣬һؿǵģ֪ϳ׼ǰ顣ýԼĴ㡣ˡ
ϳ϶ҶصĲ̬Ⱥ⣬ȣɢ޳Ҳвǰ;ֵࡣ˵ͷͷֳԪԪȥ֮󣬼ǵô峤ʺһ
ԪϳЩη壬һͷǣø


203 Ե
Ҷغϳϵ˸ǣɻصԼȪɽıԺ֮ʰ˼൤ӵѣд൤鼮򡣲ֻ鼮һЩߵ֮ģ봢ڡ
Ѱ˼ҲûҪ
ʱһֱΪԶ׼ѾǰƺʮƿƿÿһƿװڵͽʿҪĹԪ·;ҲܷһҲ˿ĵ顣
Ҷ˺һ൤չصĻʸһһȥҲϣʲôʱܻ޷ȷ
֮󣬲յʸĴ沢δ˵ʲôֻһ仰ҽչ꣬ȫսᵤ
ҶسĬ
ᵤ˽ᵤû·ߡԻʸıѩӱȻеİ취ֻһѵĳ·ΪᵤʿܰԼ
˴ͬܵΪĽչ
ԪöˣԺҩ԰Խö˴ÿ·ʿнٺҲȥ죬֧Ժҩ԰ĹӶ۵ӷá
öʮֲᣬȻҶƽʱֻǵĮǴûǵĺôԴҲûе˿ʿ˵Ѿ൱ˡ
Ԫظ֤Ҷ֮ҩ԰϶ѾƬϲ˵ҩҶظǮһõĻر
Щ֮ҶػǳȥԴڸ¥ڱĿڤ˼
֮峿
桢쳤ơԪҶʿԴ뿪൤ɽţһͬɽȥ
м䣬ϡ졢˶µӣɼ
Уĵλߣϴ֮Ů
졢Ρ
쳤൤֮ӣòӢмԸεζ
ԪºĵӣֵЦ̼֣һź
Ҷµӣɢ޳ûʲôλԣǳԾĹĩ˾ʦ㡢ʦ֡ڶʿһʿΪһȻֻܰλų֡
֪ΪʲôҶǴ쳤ƵĿвһ˿޵ĵͲмʮơ⣬ԼżλʦּѣӦûʲôطλʦֲǡ
ڣ桢Ԫˣм⡣Ҷ붴Ǵһ˶ΪԳɹкøԪı֣һˣȻҲҶʲô⡣
Ҷܿ쳤ƣûֻԪһġ
ҹ̸·һʮգ·żɽЪϢָһգڷɳɽִϿȵϿգԶԶĿԿԶĸ̲ϵһӴʯǳءԵǡиߵĳǳΰ׳ޱȡ
쳤Ʒǰ棬Զ̲ϵԵǣʱ¶ϲɫͷЦǺǣʦãڵˣɽŲҪˣԵЪʮգȥ㿴ô
ͷҶغԪһۣЩ·Ҳͷͬ⡣
ҶغԪĲɺ档ΪףֻҪͬ⣬Ƕͬ񶼲ҪԪǲȥΥ˼
ҶȻѡĬʮʱ졢ϵ⣬żԪĵĽΪǢѡ
Ԫ쳤һ£ֱӾԵס£Щֱӵϵ쳤ƴûϡҸҿ϶˱֮ᾡʲôУҶʦܣСǰӽߵĺܽЩ飬㲻˳ҲҲõģӽ֪꣬ܲأСӲΪڵĶôҲûʲôôͷ
ҶزĿԪû뵽ʦֵͦϸĵģȻע⵽쳤ƵɫΪԭҲ˳ۣ
ԪһۣûȻ٣е⣬ֻ¸Ϊұáұ൤ڵĽ߿ɾ٣еһұöкøУϹӶܿɽ֮ءСұãȻἵ㡣Сұý˫ޣȴǳ˵Ρϼϼûʲô飬ҲҪǼ
ҶؼĬԪĻ漰ڼ֮ľǳֻܱ죬
Ԫ˳ĬԵҶһۣ˵õ˫ްµ飬Ҳûжκɫаͷø˵ĲλҶʦܹȻ쳣侲꣬ȱ㿰˲š
˴ǰʵһϳϵǹ۲ҶصľٶҶʲôǷ֮룬ͼϼûҪٶз֣պҲܵá
ڿҶʦƺ˿ûд׽ʸϼ˼
Ԫһ㣬ԿλҶʦ֪֮ʲôǸõõģʲôǲõõġ侲ͷԣ֪ˣɢ޳ҲȫֵࡣѾ⣬Ȱ峤λҶʦɽϼ塣
ЦҶʦܣʵͦĽɢޣûг棬ʲô͸ʲôЩʿɼӼİšӻ˵һЩЩ֮Ȩڵӣ˵ʸûˣôűҪôȥȥ˱֮ϼвڵŮӣ绨㿴Ǹֻܸʦ˵ҪҾͿİ塣
ԪüŪ۵Ц
Ҷװɵ㶣һ⣬Ϊʲôǲץʱ·ʦ㡢㡢Ծг̣ûҪԵǵʱ䣬ʦֻҲֻ˳ӡ
Ԫ֣Ҷأζĸһ˶Ц⣬Ҷʦܣ֪㼱ȥ롣Ҳ⼸칤֪ԵǵжԶ𣿡
Ҷ̫ûеͼᡣԶ𣿡
ԪǵȻУһȥһҲǽһʱ䡣ԵǴϼҲг̣ңԵɵӵļɢ֮أвٵĺöϴʱ򣬻Ǳȥһ䣬ȥһ˵ҵЩõĶ߰ɣˣ
ԪٺЦ·ɽһգ·ȥ
Ҷһ£ͻȻо·һɾ޴֮ķɽ
ԭţѾϿȵϿգԵǣԵн󷨣޷СֻܽԵ⣬Ȼнڡ
ſڴʮ鿴ƶûУ൤ŷεʿһִ̵ͷС׼ǵڵӣɢ޻ǼʿǳԾó·
Ҷڳڵʯֵϣи̾Եǣǰ֣ڶʿæµÿһεϿ
ڳһĿջʱס¡ļ죬ǸԵ
쳤ƴҴ˸ǣֱüɫȥǣ˵ǻѡ
ԪֻǺٺЦһĲмƺ֪쳤Ҫȥʲô൤и߲Եǿû˻ܣʲôʲô
ԪȥݷԵǵһλϳҶͬȥҶظǣʮ֮ջؾۣȥ
Ͻȥˣ˵ҪһЩŮʿõҡٵƷ
ҶؿƵķ֣ջֻʣһˡû;ԵǴʮ죬ȻһʱҲ֪ȥʲô
һ£ɴȥ·йһ䡣
·У϶ǳڹǴУĶֻһЩڵӵƷ
ԪԵһصĵ·УרŹɵڵ֮佻ףʿõϵİƷ
·ɢ˵Ĳҵߣ͸¶˫ɽʿϲסԵǵĵ·óףɽܼĵط
Ҷ׹ԵǲǽһڵӾۼĳǳأҪеĻҪҪһЩ룬ǸʿĽġ
ԵȻôһУԪߵ̫æҲûи˵ⷻоʲôطֻ˵ܶʿ·ˡ
Ҷջһƣѯʵ·еڣȴҲһ֪ƲŸԵ֪꣬едڡ
ҶЩգһûκαǵͨʿ뿪ջԵǵĽͷĴ䡣Ȼ·ֻȥԵǵȵؿһ˵ҵԼõϵƷ
ҶڽͷţͻȻĿһһһλŹƤҩϵʿڽżǵʿ⣬ȴǼһĿˮƭӡ
ǹƤҩϵʿл
ҶصЦ뵽ʲôһ㣬һƶƤʿԣٺЦƤʿɺã
ǹƤϵʿɥĵͷ޾֮±˿һ۾ҶءΪ̫ˣһ㣬ȻҶصΪԶȴ޷̽߶٣֮Ϊ׷ծģæŶͷĸҩڷϣλүϴˣ˾ԲҡƶűݣƶûǷʯ
ҶЦţʸ·ѡҸǮ
·ƶС
ƤʿһܵǮ⣬ʱЦеλү뽲Ҫȥʲôطƶ֪޲޲շҪȥ
Եǵĵ·ôߣǸطкܶʿ㲻֪ĵͷ߶֪飬ǿɾˡ
·У
Ƥʿ죬һƶ֪ƶ֪һطиʿ롣ƶΪ΢ûȥ档
Ŷ
ǸطҪһƷʯƶ˵
ƤʿЦ
Ҷؽһʯ
ƤʿһѽӹʯϲЦԵԵǵģ
ҶɻԵﲻɢ˵ص𣬽ֹ˳롣ΪʲôΪ·У
Ƥʿȴ˵ˣֻЦһһꡣһһʯ
ҶüͷͳһƷʯ˹ȥ
ƤʿסʯЦƶΪʲô·лҲ֪ƶԵǻ켣ʮأԵһطûȥΨԵʿأȥֻʿܽȥԵе·УԵĪˡ
ԵźٿЩʿǴԵĲŽȥλүˬ죬ƶٸһСܡԵ޴ķ󷨣һǽڳǳصǽϡһĴȴǽԵǳرƣԵǻˣֻҪԵԵҲ½Ҫ󷨷ɲס뵱꣬ԵٹΡ
Ҷû⹤ƤʿԵǵʷ˵ЩֻҲ˵꣬ĻȥԵǴţ·Ǯ
ƤʿҶҪ󣬶ʱɵˣҪȥѵʿ
Ҷ۶ô
ƤʿһͻȻһ飬ѹϽͷԹǰ·ȴһѽˣ׾ܲСõʿϣλү˵ûһʶ򻹲֪³


204 Ԫ
ԵǳĵһӴʯܹռʮ̨꣬ױٽףɢ˵Ľƽʱʮ嵭ûԵΧһЩ¥ջ
СĹ򣬹ƤʿҶԵĲ棬ָָһƽСţǫЦλүˡʿ룬СĴûнȥҲ֪ǲҪҵĵ·ССˡ
ҶһסƤʿĺ죬ƽȴطԣƷʯҪջصġ
ƤʿʱʵʵĵȺһԡаǵ·Уò׵õƷʯҪˡ
ҶزûóȻС߹ȥɢ˵ĵ̣ôȥĽصĻҪùġ
ԵΧĻһҰľ¥ռٴһϯλһһ߹۲ţǷʿСŽ
ʱɫʱ½ʼһЩŶҡ׵ʿԵСǰţڵСŴ򿪣Щʿܿȥ
Ҷھ¥ϸţôһС򣬱Լʮ˽ȥˣڵʿҶݣҲκԾ
Եǵʿ١
ӦþԪ˵ģԵǵĵ·УרŹʿ֮нס
Ҷ֮󣬻ùƤʿ뿪һ뿪¥СŵʱѾһӽ̯ߣԼһͨѣҲϳ
С¡
СŸ֨򿪣һɫĹڣסеĹߡ
Ҷԥһ£Ʈȥ
һĹڣǰȻʡ
һ£һөʯƵļСݣһӣ֮ǰСݵʿ֪ȥ
һھŲ㣬ɢεĴŶȣҶؽ˫Ŀɫ˸һ£̽ҶصΪЦн׻ỹаʱͿʼˣλǰ֪ǵһҪǵһĻҰ˵һĹء߻ֱȥУ
Ҷصʲôأ
ЦŶǵһṩ̯λҵչȼ۽һʯίиֲͬĽ׷ʽʲôﶼС
Ҷһ£ȥп
ðɡ
ûٶ˵ʲôҡ˼ϵСڵǽϣһʯǽš
Ҷػ˽ȥ
ϱоΪʶɨƿЩû̫⣬ֵطϵ
һԵĲװμݻƣѩ׵Ƥ̺â˸ʯһ¶ĸ
Ҫǣ쳣֣ߵʿһ֮ڣڸָĹ̨̯λʮ֮࣬ʿھӪ
вٸսʿڹ̨ǰּۻۡ
ĿȥȻȫʿûһڵġмλ߽װ˾ŲʿᵤҲԶˡ
Ҷؽһѣڵ׵ΪѹȻ൤ҲٵʿϾͬʦֵܣû˭Ϊѹ
ֵ·У󲿷ʿȫͬɣӣȫʵͲ˵
Ҷȥۿһµʱ
һδߵʿ˹ҶعЦºԵɢ˵ʿΪʿӦǵһⷻаɣ
ҶشλʿһۣΪͽʿҲϸߵΪˡ˵ͷǣҶ
ЦҶֵܣ⿴Ķǿʵа
ҶسȺ˹ȥЩ̨۵Ʒզࡣ
Ƹ߽ͽ׷ҪԭϣϡĿʯн׷ֽм鵤ҪмҩģޡݵĿӦоС
һԽܵЩ̨Ǵɢ˵ģеĹ̨Сͽ󷨣ʹʮַ㡣԰Ʒķڹ̨ڣۼۣȻȥطֻҪԸ⹺򣬿ֱͨӳɽȻһʱǮˡ
ҶؼǸ棬ԼĴˣң˷ʱ𣿡
ЦҲ̯λֻʽ򡣷£͸Ĵ䡣ˣ·Уʼʿ֮ɽ׵ʱ䡣һĻᣬһЩǳߵƷ
Ҷڴڹ˰СʱͺһĻ㿪ʼ
˾ʱѾ˶ʵ⣬θʿ⼸һӵҶؾ̾
ҶЩ죬ЦŽ͵ʵƽʱûôˣÿ춥ʮ˾ͲˡֻǽЩ⣬Żۼôʿ
˵ѾʼҲ漴졣
Ҷһ½ʲô⣬ھҲÿڡ
ʿͣۿ
ľ̨ϣɢ˵ʿѾ֮˳ʼۣһƷͽ׷ɽļΪһǧƷʯغܼ򵥣˭˭áʯҲһȼ۵ƷסһһȼƷбǮ涨ļ۸㡣ˣ˭Ҫϵĵͽ׷ɽȫδķԹš
ʿþľнһ糤ŷӡֽķɽװţС
зļ۸񣬶һǧƷʯǽΪļ۸񡣳ķſܵǮ
ܿ죬̨±кüʿ˼Ǯ
ΪƷĵνϵͣڵľղ֣ҲǼͽ׵ʿ˼ǮѡǱϵɽܿһǧһٿƷʯļǮˡ
еľĻһϷںͷƷ˼н׷һ߽׷ϵܡ۸ȻҲǽڽ߽׷ļѾǧƷʯҾԶգ۹ܿǧʯ
ҶضԸ߽׷Щģа˼ĵͽ׷㹻պãʱûҪȥһǮ߽׵ķ룬Ƿͷ·УҪ뿴ǷҵʺԼƷ
Ʒڵ¯ͽ׷ʺʿʹãһ֪ɽ¯ټ¯칤շǳĸӣôʵǲ࣬ʹô¯Դӳʡͽ׷ļΪǧƷʯ
ʿóĵƷк
¯ֻȭͷСͨںڣŴڵ
Ҷжʱһõͭɰ¯ǵͽʸߵķԽʡ´ҩġҷԱ仯Сһ͡һԳʮ鵤ʡʱ䡣
ֻ൤ʿɣɼ壬ʿΪӳʣһϺõ¯
ʦĻŸ£ҶڿǶߵļλʺϵʱ򣬴ʿ
Ҫˣǧٿʯһߵӵ
УһҪҳǧٿƷʯ
ǧߣ
ǧ
Ҷؿ˻𱬵ĳ棬գ۹ǧ̾һǮʿǺܶ࣬ǧƷʯѾԤڼλˡҪ֪ͭɰ¯ҲһٶʮģΪһɵĳʣʵЩֵá
Ҷصпֵáڱʿȴǳֵã߳һɳʣһʾ޴Ŀ
ҶƳԱߵĺһۣһڣ˿Ȥɢ˳ԱݣӦöϤɵ֣㲻㾺һЩʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷЦҶֵܣóĶͨɫûʲôͷѹĺöûء£ŻʶⳡĻ𱬡ˣҶֵͷЩǮĻһҪٳ֡һϵʿǳǶġ
ҶؿЦѹĶͨĻɫǮѾߵĲ˼ˡҪѹ֮𡣡
⵹һһѹ֮ʵһƷֻޣֻʮݶѣÿֻеһݣֻҪʱǡлġ˵꣬صЦЦƷÿҲôһζѣ֡вٵĸ߽ʿǴӸɣ߼ս֡
Ҷ¶֮ɫÿʮݣǻʲô
û벻ʲô漴֮Ժ󣬼ᡣȻ˵ѹĺöҲûȥȥƷʿĶԲȥ
ʯ࣬ٿѡ
ʮƿԪÿƿʮ·Ϸáʿõ鵤Ǯߣղ⿴һۣг۶ڽʮʯ/һһƿƷӦûʲô⡣
չĺܿ죬һʱĹʮĵƷ˳ܿ㵽ҶسԾǣڶȻǡ
ԪԪľᵤʿ֮ƷֻһΣһΣ㹻һԪļۣһٿƷʯһƷʯ
ʿһСӨ͸ҫ貽ɫâƿӣĴУԵǷڣΨһֵһԪ亱ץˣ˽ûˡ
ĳڣʱȻңڶʿһռȵĿⶢʿеǸСƿӡ


205 Թ
Ԫ
ϵڶֵƷҶʮֵ⡣ǡϽϵĴɽ䷽УֹҪһԭϡ
ǣΪǽʿ֮̫ѻãѾȥѰҡȫû뵽ϾȻһԪҽļۣѾﵽһٿƷʯ
Ҷ൤ŵнٺÿҲһƷʯѡ⿿нٺĻҪԼʮ꣬ҲŸոպóһԪļۡ
ϣϵĻ𱬡
һƷʯ
һһʮ飡
һһʮ߿飡

һʮƷʯ˭ҪϷ᣿
һɫ·ͳѹȫڳʿȻͷֻһھŲʿĳϣʱѻȸ
ЩΪ͵ʿֹͨͨͣ˱ۡ⾺ĳϣɲǱƴǱƴΪΪߵģ԰Ϊ͵ѹĴҪ˵ھˡ
μĲֹһھŲʿ֮ࡣ
һʮʯ
һɫ۵߽ŮʿΪļۡ

һԪ۸ͣҶصɫŹ֡
̹൤óĸʦ֣ʦ˵ԪʵЩߡΪԪƳɹ֮ҪԪȥ
Ȼȵ߷ͬʱҲԪΪҲܴ
˵ӦòôʿȥŶԡ
Ҷһ£һԵĺ̡
ֵĿҶһۣͨʿȻԸԪȥԪھŲʿΪѾ˶壬¾ȥҲ޷ͻƽᵤƿ
һЩԪȥһԪԼʵܺ㡣Ҫͻƽƿʱ򣬻ҪһС١ԪÿֵС١ҪΪ̫ˣھŲ㻹̫ԶҶ빺ԪһԪ
Ҷһ£ԪԭֵڵС٣Щªˣлѣ
ǺǣǿͣΪˣӦõġ
Ե÷ǳǫѷ
ĴʱҶطǳεķ֣ԪѾȫڳھŲĸ߽ʿĿ֮£ʿͲ岻Ͽڣ˵ȫҲڡ
ڳĶٶʿȫֻĿŲʿԪ
ҶûⱾȥսŲʿȨֻпֵķݡ
ģżͺļ䣬λҲɢ޳ԵǵɢʮˣҲĵ
һСƿԪջǱһŮʿȥǮߴʮƷʯƸߵס

Ԫ۳ȥ֮ڵ˱ĵѹϷ
ϵľ󲿷ʿ̧ͷž̨ϡ
ʿһ֡
һʿһḷ̌һķֽ
ʿǱƷڳмμӹѻ֪Եĵ£һԹԵϹʿ潨Ӵֹ󷨣һǳĶÿһεԵԹڽ򿪽硣ǽԹҪĽһʮݣļΪٿƷʯһݡǳޣϹأҾ߼߷ܽ롣
ʮݽһȫķ졣
ҶЩɻٿƷʯʿ˵Ҳһ൱ƵĿ֧һݽȥԹʺ㲻㣿
Ҫǣ֪Թôһ£Ȼϲ㡣
ѾɿĶ֣ģͬʱͷЦҶֵܣԹһ¿һΣҿ׼˴ʱ䣬չǮȥһˡȥȥÿԴ顣
Թ澿ʲô
࣬һЩԵǵϹʿµһЩȤƷ˵ĻܹõЩϹʿģŪһЩԹͻŪЩ󱲣ԻΪֻҪԵǳʿԽȥȥȥȥĻһҪһݽУȥ
϶ʱ䣿
˵һ죬˶ɣȫʵˡߵļ¼˶졣Ϊܴһҡ
Ҷؿһ£̶ġ
ҪԵǴʮ죬ȥȥ֮󣬿¶ҲˡԵԹϹʿµƷȥҲá
ٿƷʯҲ൱ڰļǮ
òʲôƷʶҲɽ꣬ҲǺҪһĿģɴɽǱ޵ˡ
ģʵסڳжٶʿֻʮݡ
ڣҲ˶ȥ۸̫ߵĻһʿ˳
Ҷ˶ʮԪĴۣһݽԪǺͨõһȼƷ۸ǳȶг׼ۼһʮʯǮ߰ٿƷʯŽһݽ֡
ʵҲһݻע뷨֮γһĹȦԽס
СʱʮԹһա


206 
Ľ֮Ե·нɢȥֻʣʮԹʿԵڵȴԹھԵĲһʯ̨׽ȥ
ԵµԹڹ̶ʱ俪
ʿУвԹ֪ڵ̨ڵΧ˸ط£ƽ͵Ŀʼ׼ȴԹ
ҶһԹģҲʮλһԵЩ˷ܣԱߵѯԹڵջǺܺõģ󲿷˶ݣ໥֮䲢ûֱӵͻܴܲԹҵö̶ܴǿȻ̫ļɻ䡣
ҶѰһ۵Ľ䣬¡֮䣬ҲʿĿ˲Ϣ
ԵԹǴ˳ǵһϹʿһ󷨣һа˲㣬Ϊ𹬡ľع𹬡ˮ׹ԹڻԶϵ޴ĻޣһһΣա
ڵĻʵ΢ϵʿܹͨȥľعҪн׺͸߽ײС𹬡ˮǽʿаͨԪӤʿȥ
عԿϹʿʵ
ϹԹʷԶɽϵɻԭԺʿĵط׶⿪šǺϹʿԼ׷뿪֮Թ˴ϡƷҲ÷ǳĿ
ԹȻԵǵɢ˰ѳţǸɵʿʸȥֻҪ֧һʲƵʯС
ΪнԭԹȻʮգȴûеΣյĵǡȻҲʿϲð֮ء
һЩǮļʿÿϼ±һܲܵõϹʿ֮
Ҷֵƺɢ޳֪ǷԸɢˣҿ԰˳ҶãҶصЦ
ȻֻʶС죬˻֮䵹ҲĵоΪͶԵ£֮ġ
ҶصЦֱǸˣɢ޳Ѿˡ
ԶʱЩϧŶҲǿˡҶպ뿪ɵĻԿǼɢˡ
ҶЦɣЩ׵ʦδػˡ
ٺЦʵҲûʲôʿڸоʮֲ㣬ɣָ֮ɢˣвǴӸɳġЩɢģڶٶһЩµĸоɢ˸ңڡҶֵպĻңɢ˵ĳϸ˵˵顣
ҶҡҡͷͻȻʵ֣ԹھܵõһЩʲôƷ
˵ܵõһĵͽ׷ҲһõһҪҪõĻܵõһЩ벻ƷԹڵĶܶ඼ϹʿֶȥģǺǻԤϡ
Ҷ룬ɻÿ¶һʿȥ̽ԹڵƷԽԽ٣
ѹٺٵ浱ȻȫϹʿµƷﹻôȥѰҡ滹кܴһƷŽȥġЩóƷһ־ͱŽԹȥˡԵǵĽǰҲһЩԹڡЩΪԹӡȻˣÿ껹һЩҵϹʿıĻҲôðա
ҶȻ˵пԹҵԼĹԪ

Եĵص£΢ĺòͣϢ
һ߲ɢ˵Ļĵʿ̴Ӵ֮վ̨⼣߰ߵդ򿪣ͷȥĿɨһۣ
ǵһͷһƶһ¡öѽˣԹϹʿµĽԶޣΣգһ飬ֻԱ˲䴫ͳ
˭ǰԹڳֻҪˡûã棬ԹñˡֻҪû⣬Թˡ
ԹڣһССĹȵִԹͨͷһλһݳֵƷܿ˾ϲƷȻҲܿһ
⣬ЩˣֻΪҵӶѣɲΪһԲҪԹִɢϿɲ˵ڸƶȥɣ
۵ʿ˲ĵ̨ס
ʿ֮ɫĮ룬˵̨ס̨ʮխ඼ʯʮ֮
Ҷߵ̨׵ײȴһѾС͵˴󡪡һֻܽȥһˡһ£⴫ӦþǴͽԹͨ
һߴٵǰĿЩ𵢸ʱֻһ죬ʱȥ
Ҷüͷ첽վ˴ϡһҫ۵Ĺâȫסʧԭء
۾ʱѾȫڵͨڡ
һֱͨǰ죬һƬǳ壬κֻһˡһСûзʿ׹ͨһ˵ȥӦǱ͵˲ͬͨȥˡ
Ҷ漴ͭСӡС
Ȼ˵Ա֤ΣգܹܲȥҪʵС
ȵִԹ˵ǻ𹬡
ҶؽԼʶȫӳȥһԹпԽʶ󷨣ܹȵѹʶֻ̽ΧʮɷΧ֮ڵĶҲ޷ʶ쵽Զĵطȥ
ҶزһЦ޷̽Զֻһһˡ߶Զ˵
ٳɣͨǰ
ԹһǣȵԹͨͷģܵõһݳֵƷ
ԼǰһͨǰһƬâ
Ҷشϲӽ˹ȥʲô
𣡡
ͷͨǰ߶żצڵϹһܵĻ棬žȼա
ޣ
ҶسһھްԶͣɿĿ̽һ¡⼸ͷޣЩǺɫıӣͽϴð棬ѩ׵һ
ⲢĻϵޣԹûĻ޶ѡ
Ŀ̽ʵӦסףҲڸ߽ʿˮƽ̫ǿڵʵɱǽΪɵġ
ͨխֻɿߡ£Ҫ⼸ͷޣֱӳȥǲܡ
Ҷز⼸ͷ˷ʱ䣬ȡ˳ֱƿӰշɹȥҪĶ˫ĿͻȻһһɢŻСϻӣͷ޵Ľ¡ϵڣûע⵽ϻӵĴڡ
Թ̽յʿԹڵõһЩƷѵǴЩϻڣ
Ҷ
зһ£Ǵ󣬻Ϊһɳľ޽޵ͷն˹ȥ
䣡
еһͷޣصĻɵԶڵϡޣֻҪ˵أ޷վͷûֻǱ˶ѣһԾ
ͷ޷֣ѪһХĳҶ˹
ҶػĶ˫󵹷ɣе򲻶ϵĳȥ
Ƭ̵Ĺ
ҶؼûûմϱߣɵĽͷ޸Ϊأͷʧԭء
漴ðŻıϻ򿪡
һʯ
ҶȡĳɫʯͷȻĺܡ
Ҳûһ¾ҵʲôмֵƷ𹬼󣬴ԼҪ߰ʱܵͷʱĻǾͽҪһĹһ·ϻĻޣҪ
ͨȥ


207 Ϩ֮
յĹҶس˻𹬵ľͷ
𹬵ľͷһĴмһ󣬶Աߣһͷ޴ĻޣǰĻҪߴһ࣬Ľ׻ޡ
£ͬһðŻıϻϻǻʵʯƳɣ໨ƣΪ£Ա֮ǰϻӸࡣ
ϻǻ𹬾ͷĳֵƷ
ͷ޲δɵϻҲδ򿪣ҶغȻȵִʿ
Ҫ֪ʮǰԹ̽յʿУвм˾ŲʿʿҲڶࡣҪ֪൤ŵšϳϵˣҲ߲ѡɸ߲㣬ͨΪᵤȫҪھӪɺͼΪ̫ߡᵤʿ󲿷ֶڱչǱޣٲճ¡
ҶصΪһ㣬ʿм׵ˮƽҶ͵Ϊȴȵִ𹬵ľͷֱǲ˼顣˭ֻ¶ᾪ鶼ɳ
ҶԼҲеʮֵ⣬ȴ̲ס¶һ˿Цݡ
ִ𹬵ľͷ֮Ҳ飬ֱӽӡϵͬʱͷų͵سͷ޻޹˹ȥ콫ͷĽ׵ľ޻޸ɵȡϻеƷ
ͬʱҲԼһ·ľ
ڵĵδġдͬͨͬʱ𹬵죬ÿʿռеһЩͨڣвٵĲߴ򣬴Ӷ˷ʱ䡣
˭ȵִ𹬾ͷģҶ龰
ͨʿ˵ڸӵĲǸܴ鷳ΪΪѰͨ𹬾ͷĵ·Ҫٵʱ䡣
Թʶǿѹƣ޷ʶΧ̽·ھŲʿԹ֮ڣҲʵʵԲ̽߹ͨǰ·ǷͨС
ڲҶ˵Сһ۾̵ʱߵͷ˵ҲЩˣΪҶеöżа΢͵ԹȫԵԹС棬еͨһģһ
ҶȻ޷ʶȥ̽ԵԹĵ·żԹȴһ
żİȻߴ·
ټİֻ˺̵ܶʱ䣬ͨ˻𹬵ͨ
һ·ϵĲٻ޶ɵٿʮСϻӡϻ漸ʲôƷУһͨʯһͽ鵤һһ䷽ͼֽЩֵһЩǮȥҲܻزٵʯȻЩƷĶʿ˵ֵ
Ҷһִ˻𹬵ľͷԼҲûԤϵ
ڵĻޣ󲿷ֶףʿ׾ܽһһʰ𹬾ͷͷĽ׵Ļޣһסһ׵Ĳ࣬ȴں֮ĲͬǷҲѸɶ˺
ҶѾ֣ԹڽĻûκԣֻ֪ٽʽʼһҪɵ϶ܹ
Ҷغܿ㷢֣ԼѽͷĽ׵Ļ޸ɵΪû㹻ʱ䡣
ҪɵͷĽ׵ĻޣҪķѰʱʱܱܿʿϵʱⱦϻɾδˡ
Ҷ̸ı뷨ͷ޻뿪ϻʮԶһƿӾ޻޵ǰʧڱϻԱߡ
ͷ޻ޣŤͷѰҶصȥʱҶѾµĻϻꡱһ򿪣쿴װʲôƷ
ʮʧĿϻڿյģȻʲôûСԣУֻһŷǳ΢С𡣽ֻһ춹ӴСϢ΢ϸĻ׾ͺԹȥ
Ҷɻȥ
ķ֣Լһգ΢С𣬾Ȼƴ͸ȥоһ΢ĻԼĴƫƫʲôû̵
ʲô棿Ӧòǻ󣬷Ļоȵ
ϸһ»ϻֻϻϷһλ
Ҷطɿɨһۣд
˻Ϲʿǰ֮ʱĳصĵصԨֵһСűԴ֮𣬲Ϩ𣬹ʶֳƲϨ֮𡣹Ʋ⣬˻ǵػĸԴǣһŻԴոյã΢ûصĹ޷ɳ׳󡣹˽Եǽо󱻷ڵصԹ֮ڣԵ֮ˡ˻ʣİ취޷ȡߡ
Ϩ֮𣡡
Ҷصһ
Ҫ֪ϲʲô棬һʱˣԶ𡣾ʿʿĻ棬û֧֮Ҳὥɢڿ֮С
һСŻԴȴʼյȼգҲδ̫ˡ
Ҷ뵽ٺЦЦȻϹʿµĶȻҪȡߣѧλ˵еĹˣŻооˡоʲôҲôˡ
ƣһСŻòԶʹ͸ȥ
ҶؿѾͷĽ׵ľ޻޳˹еǣԶһʿٵĳ˹ҪֹȡⱦϻڵƷ
Ҷһҧóһ취һӣʶŻסϸ
СŻ˲ӱϻʧ
¶ϲɫڻ𹬴Ĵϡ
գۼ䣬Ҷʧ˻𹬣ԵԹڵһľ
һӰͬʱҶʧĵط
ڣֻʣʿͷ޻ޡ
޻ʧȥҶصټȻʿ˹ȥ޻ԳԹڵʿԶɲֱʲôˡ
ǻʿΪҶһŭɶ޻ɧţʢŭðһף䣡ͷ޹ľ޻ֱӱըɵʮ֮⡣
ʣô˱һȵһ
ʿһϻǰ򿪻ϻյʲôûУʱޱȡǱˣ˽Թɢ˵Ļʿ߲ʿ
Ȼɢ˵ĳԱɢ˿ԹκƷֻҪԹ޷ֱȡֻȥԹԹڵıϻڽƷȡ
ңбϻڵƷ֡
ҳĳϹʿƷҲδҵĵϹʿԹµĹ򣬸޷ġɢ˵ĽʿҲ޷ġ
󲿷ֵͨϻﶼͨƷֻԹÿһľͷŻһöʲôҲֵġ
ʿĿ⣬ɨϻϷһ֡һ£һݺݵһȭڱϻϣȻŭ
Ϩ𣬱ȡߵľȻԵǰ˴ɢ֮һĹµĲϨ𣡻ˣӴ˲ʮλ𹬣ôÿζǳһûһϹʿķ
ʿŭĴ𣬺ɵһ𹬾ͷĴϣʧľ׷Ҷȥˡ
ԹڵĶǵ˴ÿ˻ᱻ͵ľڵĲͬĵطȥ
ʿľͨ࣬ҲҲҶصڡľľͷͬһʹҲͨΨһ;
ҪȥľĴҶס


208 ľ
ԵԹĵڶͨľ
Ҷڱʿ׷ϵͷ䲻ݷ֮ʣʱӴľ
ҪߵƿڴΪڴͷһۣ׷һɢ˵߲ʿ˸Ϊʿ·һԹ
ҶԵȴԹ֮ǰԼʿΤɢڵλϸߵʿ֮һÿԹһ˽ԹԶԹڵϤ
ҶزòλΤ
ԹڵƷ˭ҵ˭ãɢƶµĹءλΤȻΥأͼҵƷǸɴͱ𿪷Թɢ˵Լˣû˻
Ҷ֪ǣʵԹ⿪ţҲɢ˵֮١ʵԵĻͲ⿪š
ԵϹԹҪӴ֧ŵġԹڵĹŽԶûϵĻޣҪʯ
һҪߴ϶ƷʯܽԹǿĴʯĻκ˶޷ԹڣҪ˵ȡƷ
ɢĲ޷֧ŵӴġ
⿪ԵԹÿξĳʮݽÿݵļǮƷʯһǧƷʯ֮䡣ʳ۽룬ֱӾͻ˶ǧƷʯ
۳ʯһʯչԵɢ˵Ĳƿ⡣Թÿ¶ٴһƷʯ룬ҪԴ֮һ
ڸɺͼͨʿ˵ðʥأԷľϲɢ˵ȴҪĲԴɢȻ᲻ýرա
ɢԼǮԼ˽ȥֻºܿΪʯĹ޶ɢҲԹֹͣ⿪ţֻڲʿԹֻǵõһЩòƷʮɢ˵Ĳأڵнٺòò¿Թ
Ҿ㿪ԹÿνȥҲδؾҵϹʿĺöɢˣʿԹȫ㴳һٴԵԹҪǵùĻҲһƷ֣ĳλϹɢ˶Ȥ֮ͷԵǵĺʿڵĹǺ
ɢԭȻʮֲԹڵϹʿƷ䵽˵Уȴֲò⿪ԹԴɴʲάԹ˵
λΤ˿˵ԹʮϣʼûһϹʿƷκòһûȴһʿһյļײǽ˵ùʱ򣬺ˮǺţ⻰١
ҶضǻʿһͨҲΪԹɢ˵á
ѾĿ⣬ľһۡ
ľͨ΢һЩɿߣֱͨǰĲԽԽ࣬θ𹬵Ĳ࣬ΨһǣľڳֵӦľϵޡ
ҶϥһС«ƣָеķ֮󣬼Яĵͽ׷ľȥͻȻһÿήĹɼִʮ֦ι״Ťţĸͨһռݡ֮ܳΪӦ˵
֣
Ҷʧһͷ
ޡݡ桢֣ɽĴ࡭˵顣ǵܵ飬Ϸ飬ܷġָľʯ飬ľΪʯΪ֡
ǰɽʵΪӵԺԡǾּ亱ֻľϵϵԣ֮ͨ٣ҶػûмֵĴڣҲֻ൤ŵһЩŴֶڶѡ
Ҷؾ̾ĴŹľеĲһԭΪľֵľϵԵޣû뵽ȻǾ֡ңһɵľ֣֮Ϊ
ҶزɴпϧֻûƷ޷ϸڡнľߵĳ嶯
ųʹŷɽһľ˹ȥϡֻһ죬ǽһƤ
Ƥ϶һһȱڡǣֹûܶԾִӰ죬ľƤڣȸӲĿ֦裬ıӣҶس˹
Ҷؼ󵹷ɣܲ͸˳
ľķǿƶʮֱ׾һŲһŲĴӺ׷Ҷء
һϵϵԸͷľ֣Ϊһɳ޴ն˹ȥϵԴ࣬ȥ㽫ľӲޱȵ֦һһϡ
Ҷطǣʮ֦ˣľִӵð˳
ɣ
ûĶûʲôֵġ
Ҷؽľ󣬴ӵϼһľ«ûв鿴ֱӶڡľڲޱϻǺ«
һʱ䣬еɵͷľ֣ȥ˰ʱԶԶȻڵ׻ޣѵʱҪࡣɵһͷޣҲһѡɰ
ľڿɲֻһͷľʮͷ֮ࡣĻҪľɵֻҪһϵʱ䡣Թڵÿһʱһ죬ʱһԹͨԶرգʿҲ֮Զ뿪ܶʵʿڰ;е̫ã̭
һ·ľĻûа취ʱִľľͷ
ҶϷ˽ͨľһһ˵뷨뾡һа취ľľͷȥľʲôöĻ϶ľľͷ
⣬ȥľһȥʶһĻжǿȻľͱ̭ȥ
һʱ䣬ҶеȺ«ƣǿд߶ͨϵľָȫʩչƿѾֵľڸϵľͷһȻЩǱ㼰ʱ
ʱľرգʱѡ
ľڣһͷ͵ľ
ܣѾվʮθʿͷ׵ľסͨȥ·ͷľϣһӲӵĺ«
ʱִܹľͷģҪôʵǿ߽ʿҪôǶνԹ֣Ǵ˿̶Ķǽɫ«СΧʿֻЩʵǿˣܼʱĸϵľľͷʿѾ˰·ϣ޷ʱĸϵľ
Ҷسɨһֻۣü̵ʱ䣬һơ
ֻһ߽ʿڳĻһĹ򣬾ʰͷľڵ׾֣ȡǽɫ«
ɵǣȵִӦòֻһʿǶࡣ
˭ȥͷֵ֣עĻֻºʿûᾫϵĺ«Ĵ󲿷ʿݣ໥֮䲢ʶΪѵûԸûȶ֡
Ҷ۲̽˴ڵƣڴһ۵ĵط
߽׵ʿ߰˸֮ڣǽ«϶ûķݣ־ͺá߰ٿƷʯõϹʿһŲϨ֮ѾˣһûԼܵõࡣȻٽһȥһԹ֮Ҳ
ҶһʿܼʱľͷⱾѾڳĲʿе졣˵עڽɫ«ϣû⹤Ҷôڶ̶̵һʱִľͷġ


209 ۱«
ףҶֵܣôҲˣһЩϤĵ΢ʿľϣȵ
ҶͻȻ˽ɳĽ俴˹ȥԭľһȻһʿ㣬ҶصʵһЩ
ڣҲҶغʹͽΪʮŮʿн׺͸߽׵ʵЩʿռľм䡣
֣Ҳ
Ҷؿʿݣɵһ£е졣ԭҲľڽ϶أֻλ̫ΣղŽʱ򼸺ûз
ЦЩüΣᳵ·ÿҲܵľѡһȴǾԴȥˡĵͽʿܵľͷѾǽˡ߽ʿҲܴľͷȥ
˵ͻȻŹֵĶҶأҶֵƺǵһԹôҲľ
ҶؿЦûʲô뿿
ɣǲδ˵ʲôɲʲôվģûʵǲܵ顣
Ҷشһ۴ڵǿľʵ֪ǾϵĽɫ«ʲô
ľ֣Ľ̫ȥҲһ˵׼ǸõĶõǺ«Թ֮еıǮͻˡⶫ϶ûǵķݡƾҵľ鿴Щ߽ʿ϶ΪǺ«⵽ĵͽʿСһΪ
ҶزɰͷռײױЩ߽ʿҲɫضڽϣԼؿڴŵĽһĻ֣˶סʵ֣ѣ˻ᱻŲƴ͵ȥ
ʧЦҶֵܣ㵣ûãԵԹרõŲƴͷֻҪȦһƣѣ˲ͱͳȥԵ֮ڣκεطпܡû֪
ϣԹھ԰ȫԹɾͲ˵ˡֻ֪䣬Թڻûߡ
ҶغʵֽΣ֪ڵ𣿡
̸ܽЦҲͽһΣءҵΪ̫ˣȵнףлᴳȥ
һûһŻ⡣
İʱһһĹȥľܿ콫Զرաʵľͷʿ϶Ѿ룬һʮˡ
ԭڵȴȳʿסˡ
ڵͷľ֣̾ᡱڴϡܼʱѾľɵ߽ͨĻʱһ˶ᱻŲƳԹ
Ҷڽϣĵţڳʿм˭Ȱ಻ס֡ͲţЩʿ᲻֡
ĹͷΤջʿɫҴҽľ߲ΪٵִľľͷνæΪܹľľͷסҶأ̫ļϵľ;ϷһȺľΧס˴ʱ䣬˺ôľЩľͷϵľľͷ
ʿ൱ľɥ
ȡ߲Ϩ֮СӣҪôľľɵҪôѾִľľͷȥˣµĻᲢ
ʿľȻȻдȺʿĵĳʮʿɨ˹ȥҶһϣĿжʱһľϲСӾȻһŵϲɫϾʧȡ֮ĲɫĮ
ʿڳʿҶﴫλСֵܣǴô
ҶѾʿĳ˿ȥǻʿвЦﲻԵԹԹڲϹŽͽĻ˵ûʵİѻ𽻳ȥǻô
Ҷһ£ɫĴȥʲô
Żĵͽʿûʲôá罫ǻϷϷǧƷʯ߼չĵͽ׷ô
֪ʲô
ʿҶصƺأɱϹһĨ׺ЦݣϿʵûʲôãҲֽԹڡ뿴γɵġ
ҶЦƭ˭أϹʿˣǿԪӤʿ𶼺ܸȤûʲôã
˲ٵʱ俴ߵĴǡϽˣϽ˵ȵȣԵʷϺպİ˴ɢ֮һҲ֪һЩǵ¼
⼸λϹʿⲻϨ𿴲ۣɲʿҲ𿴲ۡ
𣬾ͺܸȤġ
Ҷ۾գһ£ֱӻؾû⣬
ʿԣͷ϶ʱ𣬲̲ס˹ȥҶظа˿ŸġһһʿȻԵǸӣ޿̡
ףԵԹ֮ڣҶ޿κΣҶصҪЮֻҪҶϵĽγɵĹȦƣҶز˲䱻ԹŲƳȥ
Գּۻۣ֮н֮⣬û취С෴ںҶ̸׽֮ǰλȲϣҶ뿪Թ
һҶ뿪֪ȥѰҶص䡣Եɺɼ֮أڶ࣬޿ɲ顣ϵʿ޷׷䡣
ʿľҪرգʿЩˣٶȴСӣҪƲԳԷơĶûʲôãϴ˷ѣҪۣ鿼ǣ
ڣм߽ʿɵĳʿȥ
ﴫķױһЩʶǿʿľҲôһѣʿҶصﴫ̸ȻܱĳЩ߽ʿ
ʿ߲ΪʵܸͬߣǶԼеĳһִʣ޷ʿҶؾ̸ʲôݡ
Ҷ䳰ĶûʲôãһԿǳ۸㡣㲻˵;Ǿ̸ˣһʦ֮Ȼ̽á
ʿˣҶػʦţʮҲȥ׷飬һҧðɡ˻ɾۼγСΧŨܻشʿƾ˻𣬿Լӿٶȡ˻ԵϵãûʲôãҲǰá㿪ۣ̽нסϵһ߽׷н׷㣬˰ɡ
ʿĻ䣬ľͻȻ˱ʡ
䣡
ľҵһ£ͨڵĹâľرյǰףһرգ˽ԶŲƳԹȥ
һɫӰ಻סٳľ˹ȥҪɫ«
ɱ
ȳ֣ľڶʱһƬҡʮǿķͬʱ𣬸н׷˹ȥâҫۣǿڴڷŰʿҪֹǽɫ«
һ˲ĺʿܿľĹһѽɫ«֣Ʒ֮󣬲ʧʿߣͬʱʮУ١֮ǰĵıһҵľ۱«ʧ
ȻˣǱԹڵϹŽ󣬸Ųƴ뿪Թ
ùǣǾ۱«δߣǱһиɣ˵ϡ
ڳʮнס߽ʿһ˲ʿһ˽ɫ«ǿɲЦ޵ݡ
۱«
ڵʮʿǺʿ֮ǰĵĿĿⲻɿĶŵϵǸɫ«
֪ԵϹŰ˴ɢ޵Ļôһ۱˵Ĵ۱һǮƣռϲʯǰ˴ɢǮһλ
۱«Ǿ۱˻˼ĹƵһĶ׷
۱«ʵֻһãһ鷲ʯ«ڣ˺«Զۼں«ڵķʯ֮УÿɵһƷʯƷʯȡĻ֮ΪһƷʯ֮ΪһƷʯ
Ƕ׷ȷһĶ׷Ҳֻо۱ʯõ˼ˣŻһרھ۲ƵĶ
ʵϸ룬Щߡ
һһƷʯһҲʮ飬ʿ˵һʲƵĲƸǶڽʿ˵Ҳһ㻨ǮѡԪӤϵʿͿһǮƣԳ֮ΪҲΪ
۱˻ʮĴۣԶԭʢ߽׺«ĵطժһõĽٺ«һ۱«ǳɱͺķѲ֪޴󡣵Ǿ۱۱«⣬оζ
۱«Ҳͽֻôһ۱˸ԵԹڡ
Ȼˣ۱«ʿ˵Щõġ߱Զƣʿ˵ҲһСջ
ľڣ޿ɱҪһѪս
䣡
ľٴ£ͨѾѸٵʧȥʡ
ѾĹͷҲûĸʿ֣ȫڷĳǾ۱«ͼľر֮ǰɫ«֡һֱڽҶءˣҲ̲ס˳ȥ뿴Ƿʺ񵽱ˡ


210 
ľڣʿ۱«˽Ȼĳ̶ȣ׷׳«˹ȥǣ˭Ҫ«˭϶ǵһ⵽ʿֹĶ
żգ۵Ĺ򣬱кЩǰ߽סн׵ʿʿ֡ɵֱӻΪâʧŲƳԹȥˡ
ڵʿȵһࡣ
Ȼڳʿ֮֡ݣһȫ֣׿ǵߡΪߴɺɼʿһЩŵֶΣǷǹ׹۲
һٶݵս֮ľڵʱֻʣʿҴľ֮ڡǾ۱«ڵϣδ˭
ҶءΪһֱڽ䣬ֻͷ̲סˣδʱĽղɫ«ľս֮УǶ˻ڴڡ
ʣ߽ʿ
һߣһηһӾʮĺɫ绡ҵĹ֡ԿģһλǵŵĻ׳˶󺺣һϵף˫ֲٿһƹӲӵĴ󷨵˫أΡȻĿĶŸߡλŲĸ֣Աһ
һλĳŮʿڰ˲㣬ֳһ߽ˮϵһλɢ˵ΤһļǹҶеĲϨ֮𣬶Ǿ۱«̫⡣۱«ȻƣǾԲ粻Ϩ֮ļֵߵֱӵİ
ΤȻҲ۱«սţŮʿȴǲδһ˼ҶصϣҶߴҶͬⲻϨֻ֮Ҷضûᡣ
߽ʿ۱«һΧɱһҶءֻΧż岻ȥǵΪֻҪκһ߽ʿȫһеĻϵĽ̻ᱻƣԹ
ҶǾ۱«ҲǲܡԹ֮ˣûĸʿȻ뾡һеİ취ȥ۱«
ҶػһơǾʵ˼㣬ڳʿΪ͵һλ׽Դ򶷣ڳκһʿֻ¶аʤʿԹ˲Ͼ۱«Ľڹϣ͵ΪʿȴĿ꣬û˭ȥչҶءΨһϧǣơҶ۱«
ǹƿ˲Ƶ˵мȥ۱«ľ̫խֻжʮɷΧ߽ʿųʮ͸ɫн׷γɵĴΧҪƿĻܴĿܶײеһǷϣӶƿʧܡ
ʧܣҲǱŲƳԹȥѣܱһԸż֣ʲôҪá
ҶԳһĴı̳һԾ޴ѩ
ʩչƿ֮ǰҶػһԷ顣
׳ӷΪһڽɳľͭӣͬʱмڳʿһȥǸոʶõĺѣҲںΧ֮ڡҶضԴҲֻܰǸˣ۱«˭˭ûÿɽ
ˡ
һεĴŻѣ֮ĴΧˣӿ׼ʿȥĵոһҶأרĻķ
һɲǼ䣬Ҷ߽ʿкλֽȥĵͽʿͬʱһ£ʶٿغͷͣ١ҲζǵٿصķҲ˲ʧȥָӣ˼ݵͣ١
ҶҪһɲǼĹ򣬻߽ʿӺλͽʿǼǲܵġҶغǵΪͷ̫󣬻ѣЧǿ߽ʿѣʱ̫ݣǵķ׶
ڣҶصĿҲǸλ߽ʿս«һɲǣҶ˵Ѿ㹻ʩչһƿǱ۾һ˫
ಣ
ҶؾϲķԼʿսĿ϶ʿм䣬۱«ֱߡûʲôÿģˡ
Ҷصⷬ޼ɵĶûڳڼ߽ʿѪǻûü«֣һһʿĳû֣ǵм˱ˡĽȫûԤϵġ
۾ԲҶƺҪࡣҲ˹Ҷܹƾһʵľǿʲôˡ
ӡʩչƿƷǳĺ
ӷͨΪʹãֵ˺ͱлѣ֮Ч
ӷм÷ķ𵴲ӵĻ꣬ѣ֮Чӷ֮ΪӡӲǷͷǿͷٿس棬ʿѣסû취κӦԡ׼Ļֵܵһ¡Ҫ͵ϮǸ߽ʿҲ⵽㡣
ķֻϲƫŷĴŵĶʦʵʿС
ˣһȻʩչһϵĸ߽׷ⱾѾǲ˼顣ʿҲֻн׷ѣʩչ߽׷ϵ߽׷ǿ˲ƵƿȻþ󲿷ֵʿеۺޱȡ
ƷļֵߣǼһͬʱֵĻǼֱ˼ʵĵز
ӣҶôУʲôˣݵĿĶҶеɫͭӣǲһ£¶ϲͿŭ֮ɫ
߶ޱȵϤⱾʹõһ߽׷һ£ĨȥķۼҴΪͽ׷ǰ͸ʱھŲĶӣȥμ붴û뵽һȥ˶֮ڡ
뱨Ҳû취Ϊ临ӣҲ˭ɱӡѾȥãͷ׷飬û뵽Ȼ⿴ӡüʮĶȻһϳ
Ҷ˺«ΪƲƲ֪ͣǵڿɱλʿϵҲֻ䳰ѡ˵Ȼˣ֮иΪսĪǻ뱨𲻳ɣ
䡪
ľʼݡȵľȫ֮лľʿΪ׹ԹŲʧ
Ҷسʿ֮ʣһƿľڴϣʧòһԹҪһʶһЩźá
༸ʿ״д׷׸ų˹ȥľ֮ǰȽ

һлָҲûκδ򶷵
ҶشΧһۣɵһЦȻԹڣӦˡԵԹһа˹𹬡ľ𹬡Ļޣһһʵʿ𹬻ףľѾˡ˵ֻм߽ʿһ֮ڼʱĴȥ
ҶغǺ棬ڵĻ޾жǿ
żȥ̽»ָһ·˳㿴еľ۱«˵Ӳӵľ۱«ƺЩŹ֣ľʯǳأҲ֪ʲôƳɡ˲ǣ«ƺһ쳣ԾڣʯӦеͨʯɢǺȶ
ҶһʱҲûôһ¡
Թ֮ڲȥо飬ҽ۱«
ķָ֮ȥ˲ǣ˺óһ·Ȼûпͨл޴ڡ
ҶƲѡ
˵ǳΣգֻЩͽ
ͷŸոͻȻһɫĹâӵϳѣһ½˸ڡ
Ҷش󾪣˫һģǰƿɹȥɫâ֡ǡһһͷײһĻɫϣײ߻أӰһͷƿ޷סĹڡ
ҶˤڵϣȻķ֣ǰ£ΧеطɫڸסµƹâȣϡѾһĻƹ⣬˫ǧ粽ơ

ظ
Ҷؾʧ˭ͬʱ⵽ϵ׷ͻϮ¶һĺɫϵн׷֮һרŽáظǰסƶѡ
һͷɸߵ׾͵ػһͳӵ˳ɫצһצҶ˹ȥҶû㹻ʱȥǵػģꡱǳɴ䣬ҶϵĽֽһצ˺ѣצҪҶصϡ
ҶѾظĴ˸޷ƶ̸϶ܡæȥķסػצֻĿŵػצ¡
һ˲䣬ΪԼҪһצ
ڣԹڲһɼǿ֮һ½˲ŲƣʧҶص֮УŸոտʼһ㹤򣬱Ѿ
ʵʵܴľѾǼޡ׵ػڵΪʵܶԸ˵ġ


211 
Եﴦĳ̵ĸ̲
һߣͨѵߣƾճڸ̲ϡãȻĴһΧĻƺûŪԼʲôط
ɫ峿ʱ֣̲ŵıԶ㿴ֻԶһ͵ĳǳأԼһǡ
ŲƵԵˡⳡãõĻᱻϡ
Ҷһ£žϲͻȻһͷ׵ػĹҡͷЦͷػ̫ܵɴˡ
һʵԿҲͷ׵ػĶ֡ҺԹֻϹʿ󱲵ӵĵطĻֻ׶༪١
ܵ˸ɴԭ򣬻ڵϡ
Թڵͨɿߣػʩչн׷͵ظֱӰȫԭأضûУ㷨ȫҲסͷ׵ػ
ǻԵΧĸ̲ĿտƵĵطֻҪ߿һɣ׵ĵػҲֻиɵ۵ķݡǾֵĴʩչͷػ
ҶضԴҲʮΣԵԹɵߣҲֻһԵǷһ£ҪԵǱȥȴԥסˣͷȥ
طȥһԵǡ
Ե߳Ǹ߾סĺõطֻҶصģɢ˵λΤᷭǳԼǲϨ֮𣬻Ǿ۱«ϹʿƷλΤ뾡һа취׷ԼһΤʲôͨҵ䣬ǿɷǳ
һȥĵطǾԵЩԶ
һ׹ңǳ඼ǷˡȻˣɼҲһЩֻԶԶûԵôࡣ
Ҷֻ΢һ£תɱȥ
ͬʱӴȡһŰﴫʦ㷢һﴫԼѾ뿪Եǣһͬˣֱ֮ڴټ
һߺ͵·ҲûʲôԼһȥ㡣
Ϊ˰ȫҪԶԵǣԱⱻɢ˵ʿϡɢԵǾӪ̫ãٹ̣Եɶɢ˵ˡ
Ǽʿĵ̣ɢ˵͸ȥͲţɢ˵ܵȥ

Ҷ뿪֮󲻾ãԵΧֶ˼ɫâΤݵʿŵ׳һڸ߽ʿֻǵЩɥ
շУŽڸ̲ϵѲһ飬뿴ܲҶءϧããʲôҲֻܰյĳԵǷȥ
Τ뿪Թ֮ڸ̲ûҵҶص䣬ʮֲģس֮̽Թϱɢ˵߲㡣
ԵԹһγԵϹʿķһһ֪˸ȡˣԵҲǺ飬ʱС𶯡ɢ˵һڱչصĽ档ʿãԸȥܵĽ׷Էͷ̫󣬾ʯҲҪȡ
ɢ˺ܿһڸ֣ԳڵڵͽʿһŲ飬׷䡣
һ㡢ʿͬʱ߿϶ࡣӾ¥ջ֣϶ҳһЩ˿ȻΪ룬һֻڰнС
ҶصĽŲƳԹ֮Զֱɢ˵ͼգװ˷˾޴뿪Եǣɢ˸ûʵȥ׷飬һֻ֮֮ܲ

֮İʱ֣Ҷһ·δͣЪ糾͵ڵ׸
Ϳշɱźҹӳǽϵֱӷǽ˳ڡڵΪֱҲûʲô⡣ֻ̫ҡ̫ע⡣
ߵϤһɼ壬ֻҪǳʲô粨ɴʹЩֶΣ䵱һؽͣǽǡ
ɽ֪һʿȻ÷ǽСֶν׳ǳأֻҪΪЦҶشЩֶβҪֻҪ˵þͺá
ݣط֣ϽİǸĴݿݳǵİ˿Ȼڶ࣬ҹм˳ӵССŮӣӣڷҹй䣬Ϲ¾¥
Ҷڳǳй˺һѵõһ׳еСڳļʯ̹һȦһϵȵĿջһĶլСԺʱЪ¡
Ƶǣݳڲ֪ľȻĽͣڵĺջ඼ס˿ͣкܴһֶǽˡҶرǽȻЩʮϤ
ΪЩ͵ԵʣҲլСԺ
λ͹٣ݳĿ˼࣬ϵ᷿ʣ䡣һլСԺѾʱ˰ˡҪҪһϵ᷿
ջСӣҶ¶ʽЦݡ
ûоˣҵջ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ뿪Ѿҵĵ߼ҿջûҵסĵطֻǵסһĻ᷿ҲԴպϣֻϻҪһЩ飬Ϊ˾⾪ˣԱǶլСԺŷ㡣
ô£ջƹһн£Ŵ¥ƿСûаѿ£̰С˹ȥ
ƹ񣬸ղλ͹˵ҪһլСԺǿջһСԺղŶѾȥˡСæЦ˵ЩΡҲܵЩǮǿջլԺҲû취
ƹҶһۣϵĿⶸȻһǰλȻòŶһ㣬ǻ¶һ˵֪֮ôĽ
Ҫ֪ٹʵķأеۡʢŷ·ͽࡣЩ۸ؼ廨ţһʮͽȥȻЩƵĶָжٱġܿؼðʮ̣ʮӵĸˡ
ջĴƹȻҲ⣬ǸʮɵͽޱȣݳڵĴСÿ궼ҪַһŰġڶν˵ĵʿͺУǴûһλһ棬ܴĵ׸о֮
ƹʶ㣬۹⻹Ǻܶġ
Դ⣬ǰλȣĺüλɼҷ緶һλĵõĵѣҪлλѡд轻һɵɾҲˡȻд轻ɵĵãҲһЩ̸۵ѣԸɳϰĹϵ
ƹҲû뵽ĿջһλƵߣЩڵۡЩڶṳ̂νĵˣᲢ۵ġ
첽׷Ҫ뿪ջҶأڼСĿɿڴ֮У쳣Ĺ֣Ľǫѷλ͹⣬һСԺոհȥȥ취ܲøղǼλ͹ͨһ£СԺó
ƹǴ⣬ＸλˣҲҪλ£Ҳýһɵĵá
Ҳá
Ҷز֪λƹΪʲôҪ۰Ͱ͵ĸϹԼͣ½Ųͬ⡣λƹ˿ճСԺȻãҲʡǵѰŵĿջʱַѿࡣ
ƹ漴ԴҶǰջСԺ
ջݳڣҲǰʮĺջǶլСԺʮධ֮࣬ǷǳºլԺǸ֮ˣסҶصŶǺһĲϣڽֵϸͨûʲô𡣴ƹ˼ɵϣȴǲδҶܸܲǮ⡣


212 ɵ
ҶظƹջһլСԺ⡣ոסλŮشҴҸͶ޵ġƹСԺڣ⼸λһ˵ϣóСԺʱ⼸λļ
ƹҵѾԺӰˣͻȻ˵ĵĪұʮͷ̫СƹķۣʹŮԺг
һ¸Ůӣƹ񣬻ƹҶأ˵Իһλȵӣ˫֣δ˵⣬Ƕмλ´󺺣ȥӦͨڡ
ʮ
ƹȻһ£ͷǱʮĽú֮ǰ֪飬֪ĻǾóȻġ
ҲһݣࡣݵıسжʮͰᣬԭɢһţǰͻȻð˼ݱĶʮһ𣬳ݾڰʢİ֮һ
ƹݳھӪټһҿջҲϢ֮ͨⱱʮţݳǻЩúɲ˿
λĿ͹ҲҪ²źãɵĵãǹϵеĴ¡
ƹʮΪѣͷһ鵭ĮҶأӣĻֻҪˡһҧǿǺǵĳǼλλ͹٣ʵǱǸǿܻܲһ¡С껹ϵȿͷͨͷλ͹ٲĻ뼸λݡ
ŮüһҪŭ
ͻȻֹ̧˵ãǳ߽иҲڼ㣬ͻɣסͷҲһ˵꣬Ҷع˹֣ЦȻλ̨СԺ̨޷£̨£öˡ
Ҷһ£ܿ쵭Ц˵ͷûǿѵ˼Ҫ⼸˲Ը⻻ҲֻˡȻǼλͬ⣬Ȼòˡ
ƹϲⱱʮ˻Ǻܺ˵æջļƣСԺɨһ£ѾСԺڷ̣Ҷסȥ
ӡŮӵˣ򻻵ջϵ᷿
Ů磬ƾʲôһ仰ͽԺøǸСӣĪСӱǱʮͷ󣿡
ӳ㲻ã˸ô
񣿴֮ˣһˡŮ˵˴һһ˵淢мǵȻȣ˿ûнЩͷСͨˣȡ
Ǵ˴ǰݳǣǴǰڣݳǣΪϼ°ҵǷ֮ˣȻݳڣ׵磬ɴ

һС֮ҶջСԺʱס¡
еЦǣƹСԺⰲź֮󣬾ȻЦĿɵĵãǽò˵
ƹһͨҲ׷ˣôҲɵĪٹ¶
Ҷӵľ
ѯƹһ֮ʲôɵҶ׹ƹеġɵôһ£Ĳһ
˵ǵ֮ʵͨԪӶԪͨ죬ΪԽ׷˵ˡ
Щû츳ͨˣ޷ؼȻҲ̸ɵ
䷲Ҳ˼ҹųɰ
֮·Ͼ֮νɵĵãʵģľĲûһҪżǸ˶ġ
ɵʢ׷ô˵ûľû˵Լŷɵ֮ˡ
ƹҶмɵ˵ȣ۰ͰͲϧﱱʮˣҲҪֺҶأ̵ľ
ƹһ֮ҶǱסˡ
Եǡ൤Щľ߲ģ󲿷ֵľˡɽУ漰ľģֻа֮֡
ַͨɣΪͨݱ飬кΪΪа⵽ʿΧˡ
⣬еʱħΪϰֻǣħǳټ
⣬̸ľ
ƹҶľʵҶΪѵ˼㣬ҲûľҪƹµֻ̣Ҳʲôľ
ɽ磬ģʵҲԭġ
֮׿ԽǰʿĿأѾǳ죬ᵤԪӤÿһмѭֻҪȴȥΪԲߡ
֮ûȷ;
ѵľĶһҹ֮ܶˣ
Ҫĳʿƣֻһ룬ľһ򣬱ܳΪԪӤʿֻʿҪЦΪǸΪԪӤʿ˵ķӡľΪ˵һ㼶ˣһ㣬ǲܵ顣
ľʵ翵飬ҳеĹɡò̫ߣɽ翴أǳԭ
Ҷضľίʵ˵ˣֻڡ
ƹȴû˿ԹԽ϶ҶɵˣֻǲԸ͸¶Լĵöѡݳǵĸ̵ʱڵҲǺٻᴫʲôɵĵáƹѾҶصɵţֻҪܵõһƬĴڣҲˡ
ƹԥһ£ʵѣݳÿӽĩʱݸٰһᡣ֪ǲǰμ⶷᣿ȥĻ¿Ϊ׼
Ŷ᣿
ǰݾڵɵɣɸ˳ս¹ϵش󣬿֮쳣ңÿ궷ʤĵۣͽӯš
ƹΪ
Ҷزÿɷ֮Ķ˵Ҫȥնľ顣׷˵ɵľĶϵȥȥһ
ƹҶز˵Ҳʡ
ƹߺҶֻܿЦҡҡͷ׼䣬ҲвٵȤĶƹһССɵ⣬Ȼʿѵˣ˴뿪ʦҲ㳤ʶˡ
СԺ徲Ҷ㹻ʱ䣬ԵԹڵõĶƷһӴСĲϨ֮𣬻һ۱«
ԵĻ𹬣ʱΪλΤ׷ִ֮ûʱȥȡⲻϨֻ֮ܰҴϸڡ
ºҶͻȻеЦҪⲻϨ֮ʵļ򵥣ؼǱϻǱϻ֮صɻƳɵģϻӦÿʢŲϨ֮𡣷ĻλˣֻҲ޷ڻ֮ڡ
ݳ֮ڳļʯڹ˹䣬ҵһƴĻ񣬾˵֮ˡ
ʯһ֣Щ΢ѹа֮׷˵Ǳаϵȱ񣬵Ƕ˵ʵûʲôرãͨƳϻӣŻϵЧ
ҶؽƴĻӴȡ˳ƳһСϻӡϨ֮ϸȡСϻУȻʢţ֤ʵ뷨
ҶЦЦĥŲϨ֮ʲôá˾˵ǴĳصԨԵǣ϶ĺôҲȥˡ


213 Դͻϵ
Ҷʶ̽ջСԺһﷶΧпջ¥ӣֶһЩ֮ˣδκʿ
СԺΧŲһ֮ŷ֮ݳ̶ܴҲǱУߡ
׷ڶĵطͨʮӣأȱ׸һЩҪ鷳ͨǰȻҲ̫ע⡣
ҶʱܿߵˣųרоϨ֮;۱«˵ʺϴĵط
ҶûӽϨ֮УĿŻ棬ϸ۲ⲻϨ֮
ɽ֮Ук֣ܶ𡢹ʿ𡢻ϵľȼľʯʯ𡢵ص׼֮緢ĵػϲ֪δµԼɽ紫˵еڤɻȵȣиδŵĹ֮
Ҷؼʶǰļ֣ļ֣Ҳֻɵ鼮֮мضѣһɼѣҰǧ֮ػΪ
ÿһֻԼв죬ҲͬȣԺԸӵĸӣҪʲôࡣػ𣬶Ǽ֮Ҫƺѡ
ҶֳֵĻڵŻԴΪϨ֮ǹ˴ӵصԨȡģʵڵػֻжС΢⣬ԶΧĻ
ҶؽУǼоȸ£ҲԲ̺ĻֳֻʿȥһöС򶼲硣
һ£һ𾿾ͨĻжĲͬ
ָϷ磬̱ųһССĻ档
ͬʱڷڻһȦһ֡סķ̼£ֽСķΧ֮ڡֹͣɻڰš
һʱ֮ûҶصķ֧ţԶϨ
ڵĻԴһȼš
ߵĶԱȣǳԡ
ҲҶص֮СԴҲᱻϡϨ֮𡱵ͷ
Ҳˡ
Ҷؿ˲Ϩ֮⣬ʲôǿ
ңŻĲϨ
ϨָֻԶϨǿˮϵȥƻֻʮŲϨ֮Ҳܲסձ߽⣬ʧ
ϧֻôһŻԴԣܲܰƻ
ҶͷɻǣΪʲôԴԶϨܽҿɴ˵ܹŪΪµĽԵǡ
Ҷһ£ܿȫڻԴڲ
Դڲ״ҲЩأγһת״һ΢СķһͣתٶȺܻȴһĪ֮Իм
Ǳȥ
Ҷһһ״оЩϤƺʲôطĻ˺һæӴҳ൤ġ
ܿ죬һͼԺ֮С
ϵ󣡻Դڲϵ״ǳֻΣбͨڲ󷨶һת
ҶؾʧϸıȽһ»Դ;ģԽԽúȻ
ɽ෱࣬쳣ӡķһԪҲδؾܾͨԳרž󷨵ʿ߻ȥѧ
ҶȻûдȥѧ󷨣Ѿռܴһֵʱ䣬׼ѧѾռ֮ʱ䣬Ȼû취ȥѧ󷨡
ȻȻûרȥѧһЩͨ󷨳ʶ˽ġ
һָ󷨣ʱھԶ󷨿󷨻ؼСΧŨӶʿɺӿ
ַΪͬϵϵˮϵȵȣÿһ־ģͬɲͬ
ʶ˻Դڲ״֮ҶͻȻЩ
󣬿Ҳĳʿƾġ
֮ĳЩԭԴϹʿõ˻Դоֻ֮֮ԴڲİԽпܴϵ󡣷ĻʺʿҲûⱾƾϵ
ƲûĻֻ¸ϵľ󣬶ˮԴľԴ֮ﶼкܴĹϵ
ϵϵľ״һҲӷ֤ԴˮԴľԴȵȣӦкܴĲ
Ҷ뵽ɾһ
ѹֹ˶ⲻϨ֮Ȥ⽫ԵȥǸйϵԪӤʿͨͲȤֻҲֻؼǸȤˡ
ֻǲ֪λʹ˵ǰˣûԴƾ󷨡ȺӵĴ٣ɽ羴
Ȼһ鼤ҶŻԴȴֻҡͷЦ
Ȼ²ԴܾܿԴûʲôáûо󷨣ҪþĻֱȥ̺С
ּ׻̺졣ЩʯֱáѾ󷨣ֳ̼ɡ
׻󷨣ֻͨԭСһĺôȫ󷨵ʿҲ̣󷨡
Ҳ˵ûҪȥѾоԴڲ״ֻҪЩʯȥԵǷйС
ԴʲôãԣŻԴۼò
Ҷûġ
Դֻá

ҶסСԺվϢ
ƹѡļʮҶصѾߣԺڴɨȴָԺţԺţͱһĪ֮ƿǳԺںҲû˻Ӧ£ǿɴûΪײаˣæƹ
ƹƣСԺ첻ǺúõôզͽȥأԵҶؾסСԺ鿴һҲһ㿴˿
״ûаƹסϲˣ˲ϵĽ³УŴǵСԺϣ£Ĵɼ
ƹСŷɵѰɵʮ꣬Ҳʶ㡣ϧûһĸˣ˵ʲôɼˡ
סһλһ۾Ͷ϶Ϊɵ˵ˣɼ¶йءҵĿջ﷢һλɣҡ
˵ʵƹҲ֪⾿ʲôɼ֪Ҷؾһŵˣ޵һӵɡ
ûԹ⣬Ҳܡ
ڵ˴˵ɼѾãСǧǰ֮͢䣬һҹУݽֵġĳ״Ԫĳ˴ɵ䣬һշɡСռҳ֮£ԹŮɷ֮£
ÿ꼸ִССɼ֮ɼȰһݣߵͷ󸣣û
˵ƢҪȥݼǲġĻԵпϡҪĸԵпܽύˡ
ݳǵĴٹˣֻҲûмּˡ


214 ׺ͿԴ
ƹСԺ֮󣬾סֵߵܾ⼸ԼԵǳֻҪɻڴָտɴˡˣɻڴʲôܰţòǲ¡
Щʲôźðʦأֻ˿ϰ
ޱȣͻȻʲôֻͷǼѾȳһ٣ǼѾͷղϹʲôû档ɼڴ˵ʩ˷׷˲ɿ²ȥ˵徲ҪǺÿŸʲôɻȥ
ƹϢȥ˸ˣĶ˼ѾһǸߡ
ǣ
Ѿæͣ۾æ뿪СĿȾԷص˳ޱȡֻᣬ˾η˼ֺ档

СԺ֮ڣҶصȫڻԴϣƹǼѾߵ顣
СԺڲϽƣɲҪŻǼѾͷֻǱ;˴ţȽСԺһһ򵥵Ľơ
һߴ˽ƣͼҲϲʱӦ
Ƿ˾֮ˣû
㾪ˣҲ̫⣬ֻ·˵ضѣͷϵĻԴ;۱«ƷŪ֮󣬱뿪ǰ桢ԪͬŻϣ
֮˷СԺʲôԾݾҲֶֻһ翵ɼ˵ѣҲѰ飬ʲô¡
һʱȥ
ٴβ֮ͬҶƣϣ¶ϲ
ЩŪ˻Դá
һԶۼ֮ǰѾãԹᡣ
һãܽۼĻӶ¶ȴȵ̼仺ͨ㣬¼޷
ڶãҶڡղ䷢ֵġ
һԻԴܲ԰ϸֳһСڵľ˽ԴȥһСڵľһȼԴĻ汩ǣԵõǿ
ͨľͷӽȥĻûЧľУľվ̺֮ľҲȫʧ󲿷תΪ
ȻˣһҪûԴʵľĻľҲһתΪһϣԴûʲô𣬶ľתΪľ𡱣֮ѾܽĹɣûʲô֮
ֻǣܿɢԴɢֻһ
Դľ֮󣬾ۼ˴ĻҲһЩ
Դڻת
ʱûгʲôԵı仯
ľҲûʲô仯
ǽڻڵʱȴһҶسϵı仯
Դתٶ죬ּ
ԼһƵͽ׺׵ػ𣬾Դյ֮ձΪһн׵׵ػȻҲŨȥˡһѾСû취Сȥ
Ҷظеʮֵ⡣
ѻԴߵĻԶֹ߽ͣ׵ĵػԴ˷ǳҪá
֮£ҶؽľòϵĸľԴ֮нȥľڵľʯľ
֮󣬻ڵס
ϰƵ׵ػٴοʼԴƿʼЩˡҶڵԪҲоЩܲˣ׿
׵׵̣ӵĻҲһСֶѡΣûнµһµʱ䣬ֻ޷ȫ
ҶԵ쳣̲ס
׵ػ൱ʿ׵ػȥ϶ỹףӦǸ߽׵Ļ档ĿܣӦǻΪһ׵ػ
׵ػȽᵤʿ
ڰº󣬻ڳһ׵ػĻ⽫ζͻڵƣֱսʿյĸ߽׻档
׵ػܹڻڣɢʱȡʹá
Ļ޴ĺô
ΨһҶǵǣ׵ػʯЩ
ֱʹûʯʯڳȡҲľʯľʯֳľȻգĻľҲ޷˳תΪ
Ҷذÿһ¡
֣һƷʯԼܻΪǧƺסһƵĺףҲֻΪһס׵ػ𣬲пһ׵ػ
Ҳ˵۳Ϊһ׵ػ𣬱ҪʮƷʯ˵䰺ˡ
Ҫ֪һͽ׷ҲۼһǧƷʯѡ
Ҷزһͽ׷ҪĶסľֻԲ̫͡
ԴãҶѾŪڻڣֻŰ֮󣬿ϰƵн׵ػ𣬾ܲܳɹΪһƸ߽׵ػ
ĻպٲҪԴ
һɫϵ󾧣ټ׵ػֻǻȱԪĻѾԿʼ׼𽣡
ҶؽԴźãִӴڽһɫĺ«ȡ۱«ľϵ׷ҲϹʿƵľ۱·ǳһ˵ÿԳһƷʯ
ҲҶʮɻĵطȻ۱«ܳʯ۱ΪβһЩĻ۱˳ΪɽһҲǼ򵥵顣
ʵϣ۱˷ʮѪҲֻһĺ«۱˲δеԭҲ֪Ϊʲôֲ²ܶࡣ
Ҷؽɫ«ȡв쿴
۱«棬żС׵ľľϵȻľϵ
ɫ«ϲ󣬵ĿռȴĴһСɽ«棬мƯһľһʯЩɫЩª
ʯȻľǲͨľʯһй
Ҷط๤򣬲Яĸɽ伮ܴܲҳ﾿ʲôáһĹ򣬷ʮĵ伮֮ڡ̽ʯص䡷УҵһԴʯԴԴͷʯӣʯվûΪʯʯԴӿԴ⡣ǧ꣬γʯľϵԴɫľϵԴɫƻ
ľϵԴɫľ⼸֣ĸʯģࡣ
ҶȻ۱«ʯѵȻʯԴ
۱«ľԵķ̵ľϵװŵľϵԴԻǺܴġ
۱˷ѾѪľ۱«һЯ΢ͿĻʵû۱«ֻҪԴڵ£ոһҲԶʯ
ҶؽʯӾ۱«ȡͨʯڣһͨķʯһ𡣹һ֮һ鷲ʯʮ֮һΪľʯ
ָԴµĻԼϸһ󣬱ΪһӵʮƷʯ΢Ϳ൤Ľ˵Ĵ˵ÿҪʮƷʯ΢ͿҲǼµĶѡ
۱˷ѾѪ׷۱«ٶȣԼʮҡһҲܳһƷʯ
ԴѰңڵ¼ĵط
۱ˣֻҲҲԴֻΪԭ򣬾۱Ҳ޷۱«ȱ˿Դ۱«ҲֻǸպ«ѣ޷ʯΪʯ
ҶƣͨʿԪҲŲһ꣬һԴ֣ʯּ˭ֵȵ
һʿ˵ÿõʯıǺü飬ټĸ;ĸࡣ۱«Ҳֻ΢һ㲹öѡ


215 
ĩݳ
ΪӽأݾڰռҼһæŲɹӭ¡ݾڽΪ⡢ڰռж
˹⣬ݳ¡ص飬ݳÿһȵĶᡣݰӵмڵǰ½С
ÿ֮ǰݾڶĸȨ˼ңר̸ϸݳ˳ݷóڸۺ꼪ʱҲݳǸΪʢʱ򡣳ڵĴСջҲ͡
Ȼݳ˳ӿӣݽ˳ûռ̣ƴ֮ʱзݳǱصİᣬݳİ֮䣬Ƶݳ⣬ĵİı֮ء
ݳһݵ׸ݸرʵİᣬҲҸٸа壬ԵҲûĸҰ̵ִ󡣴󲿷ֵĽƴϢĽС
ݳںպջʱݱʮĴӪڵıʮϰڣѾǲջĸջΧס
нڴˣᾪķ֣Щ˼һߣʮߣߡ⣬ﻹбʮλʵκһᣬǾ
ЩűұĽͣջľ¥ҪǶСԺܵǽ£ſڽһǣǺĿⶼĶջһƫƧСԺһֻ󶼲ŹƺСԺѪĳһ
ٴеļƣɰΧٵİŵùǺΪǰ֮ҪƴɱŲԡ֮
ʵϣЩʮֲĽúǣСԺſ죬Ժڵ˳һֱûеȵһûǿнСԺڡ
ջСԺ͸һаš߹ȥһһ͵ֱӵЩ߲ýǿгײСԺⴥŭСԺڵˡ
ʮڳλ֮һٶԴȴûԵ̫ȡڳĻλδɽ³֮δɽĿߴƤһ˫ɰƼǿᣬǶߡ³֮һЩҲϢȣز¶
ⱱʮݾڱصĶʮͽɵˡȻˣǸỹԭİΪԣ԰жʮλ֮ࡣ
еλ
ͬǰ˵ĵλȴԵĸ֮֡ǵλߵİԭܼ򵥣ݱϼˣҲưӵֵܡ
ߣưӣڸ֮ϡڱʮڣֻҪưӵģûиҲʸưӵ˲ֻ࣬бʮİԼߣʸõ
֣ѾˣʼûʲôȥҲһ°Ժڵʼղô죿㿴ǲȸҪ
δɽżǫѷѯٵ
ʮ˴ǲһСľǸɽݳǣΪڵһþݵ㣬׼ͱصİڵĵ̡
ƻȴˡԴӷСԺ쳣֮󣬱̰ǵİڶջͰտ
δɽĵ˽õ飬Բѯʡ
³֮Ҳ٣ѯٵ
ԼĽֳԭͬΪĶδɽ³֮ǲܶ˿ġ
ʮֿ֣³֣Ѿ֪ͨưˣ⼸ưӱܵݳǡֻҪưȻưӴλֳӦСԺ֮е˷ͬѰưͷԸһһˣܵҪ£ǡȽһҪҪˡ
δɽٰưӵĻ̧ˣһϣҶ˵ۼưӣ֪ưӵִͨ˵еˣЩѱĽˣҲֻ۷ķݣ˿ҿܡ
˴αʮͼıȡݳǣҪ˵ĸ棬⹦ܴɡСԺ֮еˣҲȻ顣
СԺ֮е˲ưֻûΣֻܼȥ˿ߡЩߵİȻȺӵѰʮĻ
ǿʮһȺߺ;ڳջֻиɵ۵ķݡǵȺĸ֣Ǵȥġ
ȻǹٸˣҲһǵסҲԸ׵Щıʮ֮ͽֻҪûзʲô󰸣ٸҲֻ֮֮
һգ۵Ļڰƥڿǣʻݳڡ⼸ĵδݳǶĶǱʮȴ߶Ƚ
һڣʮߡλ߱泵͡һֱջСԺǰͣ¡ʱСԺΧѾʮһգκι·Ӱ
ѾȺʱ٣Ҵǰݼ硢㡣
Ρ³λվڲԶڵʩ񣬲δ
λм䣬Ҳֻ٣ʸư˵ϻʮλûưӵĿٻǲǰ˵ġҲԿٵĵλԱһءҲа˭ưӵֵء
ǰһڣһλ˵ٵܣڵô
֪ѯʵСԺˣæ磬ҷ״֮󣬱һֱûзʲôӦûڡ
ڵһƿһò˴˳°ۣȻϻݣҲʵ
½ˡһ崿İŮӣһȵĺڴ󺺣һˡ
μưӡưӡưӡưӣ
١δɽ³֮ȱʮİڣߺ;ߣ̵ϥڵأ˵ֿڵĳƺɫη̧ͷ࿴
λʮλưɲѰ顣ٿλưһ
˿һջСԺâһüͷһ㵭ĹڣĶССԺסӦǽơ
ͷ˵ãϺڣᣬǿʲôˣ
СԺһҡӣԵǵıؾ֮أʲô˶пֻܳ֡ǣͨʿʹĽƣ̫ʯЩ˷ѡҪһȺ·ʿҪôһλ߽ʿ·ʿͨݳǳһ죬СԺ֮еʿգʲô
ڴڹãڼޱȣֹֽԵǼǵͽ׵ķ󣬵ҪһƷʯһҪƷʯǮšƴƴʱƿ˶ʮᣬһҲܵõʮʯѡӻʯֻͷС
崿ŮԣƤͷһξҪõƷʯǮǴʿ·ɣǿǲ𰡡
˭֪أϣʿֻ·ѣݳǰĴƲǡֻǴ˴жҪ쳣ˡǻҪСĲǣƲԣҪߣȫԼΪϲߡ
ǵ˵
ŮӡĵΪȻмʵߵҲ㣬ĶĲ㣬ɲ㡣߽ʿֻķݣĸǰӲƴ
СԺܣɰڵأȺưӷԸλϰڶߡߣһԭڴưӵ֮󣬿ӦСԺеˡ
СԺȻλͨưӶһ뷸ѣ֪ʲô·


216 
ܡɡϺڡԥҪҪݷСԺ˵ʱʱһǿʶСԺɨ˹ͣһţջСԺĹͻȻһ˽Ĵ󶴡
ǿͣȻѾſˣͽһɡһ嵭СԺڴ˳ȻЩ嵭ȴûʲô⡣
˺ȻղǵͻǿʶסǣǼһϣ˼ܹ׽ʶţ̽ԶǾһʿġ
ܵа࣬СԺеֻһλڵǰʿڸ߽ʿӦοһλʿ
̫óȻû뵽˵˵Ϊ֮ߣȫǵ֮⡣
Ѿ˴˵صˣҲֻӲͷƤСԺߡ֮໥ݷһ£Ҳûʲô󰭡ϾɽУɱ֮˼٣˾ҵĳͻ׿ɱ䡣
ܵ˽СԺ漴£
СԺ֮зҪʶһСԺھλˡ
ǺܿСԺСԺһ᷿򿪣һʿӷ˳һЦĿǣԲж֮ˣǼһ
һ£оλʿ죬ֻһʱ벻ʲôʱ
ܣλǰ֪ǰǡ
ܲŸտڣɼҶأڿʧҶҶ磬Ҷ磡һŵľܡϺҲǰλʿ˭ˡ
ǰҶظոյִԵʱʮ꣬Ȼϳɣ½ǶٻЩɬʮ꣬òȻЩ仯侲ȸųҪҶΪĴһʱ֮벻𾿾˭
ܡĵ˼žѣ¶ϲɫ
ȻҶֵܣ
겻
ҶعֵЦЦֵܣֵܣֵܣСáǰЩӻżλļ˵Ҫһݷһ£û뵽ռλֵˣʡһ򡣡
Ϻھ棬ҶֵܣڵΪֻѾڰɡ

ҶЦ΢һǰϿ֮󣬼൤ɵ顣Ǳ֮꣬ɳ
ܡĵ˼ҶؼɺΪʵǣĽޱȡɺûмɣΪĲ֮ѹּ˶żɡֻϧûᡣ
飬˲񣬸̾ѡ
һнȥϿȣΪλ֮ӣȫûñܴĻ֮£Ȼ
Ҳûȥɽ紳ݵĽϴƴӡǱһϰҲûʲôӦ
󲻾ãĶҲ
õ£ĶҲһ𴳵ƽᣬôĽȥռ
ɽȻֻССϺ첻ȥڽȴȻһ뽭ˮ̶Ѿշ˶ʮͰᣬռݾĵ̡
֮£Ѿˣ֮ﵽڸ߽ףѾ㲻ˡ˵ܿЦʵ콭Ҳٲõ̫Σաʯ̫һЩչʮֻ
Ҷض˽⣬ɻ˿ڶ࣬طַǸõطô٣
ҡͷ̾Ƿ֣˿ڹûʲôϵ˶ع㣬ȴ١˿ݾأʮ֮һռʮƷʯѾˡһ֣ÿҲʮҡݶƵĻϰٿʯݳ⣬ǽ֮ء˴ǵǲһݳǣǱݸıذᣬƴ˴صءȻٻʮĹ򣬽ŵݾڶϵĵȵȥ
ҶЩ׹Ϊʲôϵ˻ݳڡ
һⲻסСƽݾҲһϼ塣Ĵ϶вٵɢʿͼ塣
ݾӦвٵʿݴţﱾʿ𣿡
ܽ͵ֵߣ඼·ʿԵǺʿʿʵ࣬ݾڣֻмͽ׵ɢޣһСɼѡұʮڵĶ֣ҪǼɢޡ
Ҷز죬ʿôǰԵ˵вٵߡôûд壿
ЩεȻ֣ˣȴûҪ̫٣ʺȻҲٴڴ˵ڣֻһɼ塪ϼ塣ҪһĻŵ͢
ֻҪЩɢ޲ȥǵΧҲѹɢޡ
һ㣬̫Եǣ׺Եǵɢ޷ͻżһЩɢû嶼Ըš
ѡڴ˵Ҳ֮١ö˱ݽɢޣϷϺҲɢޣһϼƣɴȻ֮ǺôҲһЩ׵ĸ󡣡
ܵ˵Ľ˵ҶŶԼ˽⡣
ɼΪüΣ
ɼ壬ֹԪӤʿ
ɼ壬һʿʸ֮Ϊɼ塣һʿȥ˵ĻԶΪеɼ塣Ĵɼ壬ҪĻݸùĹƾȨɸùĲֽᡣ
ɼ壬һʿ
Сɼ壬ȫʿжϡС󲿷ֶڿƽᣬڽϼȡһЩСơ
λ͵ɢޣܡĵˣҲɢޣûɼ崫еʷƲϼ塣
ʮݿֻһϴɼ壬нʿһʿʿ֮ڣʵΪӴ
Сɼʮÿ˵ʮˣҲжʿڵɢޣˡ
ʿʵٵˡ
ҪһЩ·ʿ࣬Ľ١
ڲеʵļ壬ΪеʵɼλǳΡеʵɼҪڸùһ¥øԴ϶Ҫɼ巢ս϶ܵɼǿѹơеɼ壬ͨɴܿɼ塣
С䶯ƵʮͻԶʧԴ弸вɼƲС壬СĹעСɼĴһЩ
ݾڵ⼸ҲѾ̽ˡݹһݳһ˥ܵСɼ壬ʵǳЩûгһʿ⣬ݾϲɢ޵ұʮưݵĶ֡
һ֣Ͽ˵Ҷ֣ҲɣǱʮưӣСԸó֮λҶڵʵһ֮ڿݣҲ׾ٵ顣
ϺڣڴҶءɣҲɫš
ǼλӼҶصʱ򣬱㲻Ĵ㡣Ҳ޾ϸݵҶ˵
ҶʱĬеšɺԵǣˡȥ鷳鷳ֻҲŵһ졣
òԴǡ
¡Ҫγֲ·
һպԼǰ˳ʲôıʣҲһ·Ѩοˡ׼֮أûʲô
⼸׽ϤĻ飬ݵĽᣬպʦź֮ҲһЩֱţȥԵǡ
ңһ֮˵ҲֻǾ֮͡
¡ˣкô
Ҷ뵽˾Ҵ˴ɽʦ֮ǰԶһֻ޷ôЩҪ֮ſܻ֮£Ͳˡ
˶ʱЩʧҪȰ˵һЩʲô
Ҷʱȴֲ뿪֮ǰҿ԰һСæǵ֮СֻҪڵʿⲻ󡣲ݳǴʮ졣ʮ죬ԼŰɡ
˶ʱϲһλʿǷִ󵨵ʩΪʮ죬Ǹɺܶˡ


217 
ҶشӦṩ㹻ıʱǳĶݣֻݳǴʮ졣
ܡϺ̽ʮ졣
ǵĿǽݣ뱱ʮƿ֮СĿǰֻݱǵΧݳƿһСɼС
ܵ˻˲ٵľȥ̽ĵϸ
ϼǰԻ͹˵ǧǰǸɼ壬һʿʮʿĳ
ɼ𣬺ɼ巢μҵ֮󣬽ɼ屻ɼܣɴ˳
һе׼壬ȡϵ׼壬˳µĳΪ塣
κһɼ壬ڶ϶ΪɳԱ׳Աÿһʺɣֻòܽɽ磬ֻ׽ɼãΪڵ׹ҵ壬ƿعȨɽ׽һƾõĴͳ
һɼڲɳԱžԵá߳ԱʵԽǿ׳ԱԽá׳ԱΪɳԱЧ׳Ա࣬ɳԱĿҲϴ
սܣʿһȺԱ˵ݾڣʧȥ϶ȥģƫһ硣ʵͬأٴȥ׼Ϊݵүһ֮صľȨ
ʱϼȻսܣǻӵкüʿţҲеʵɼ壬ռסһݻġ
ǣݲһõطɢ¶ˡ
ϼݾڵĴ˳һιȥʿȺȥ˶ܾûг츳ϸߵʿںˣҲûгϵʿֻʣһЩʿǿ֧ţ⵽ŵսȻסݳǣʵأջǳ˥ȥ
ϼȻҲٸʲôӣݳǵľȨҲջء
׼壬ֻһүĿտͷݣѾûеפʵȨֻǿ˱һЩѡʵ˥ѾΪСɼ壬ҲֻʿԱѣǿݳǱصĽš
ݱϵˡϲڵͽסн׵߷ֱʴšмɢٶǾӪʮ˲ٵİᡣ
ΪҶشӦʮʱ̫̣ܽݾеĶһԲϵ֮վʮʱ䣬ȽݳǵǸСɼݳǱصĽᡣݾڵ⼸ɢޣǵв̫պʰ٣ǵθҲ޷һݵĽᡣ
ѡĿ֮漴ж
ҶסջΪݵ㣬ΪʮʱӪҶΪṩһ԰ȫıԲһ֮ڣܹ档
ûҶȥȫľжȫáĵˣбʮһȺߡȥɡ
жʧܵĻҶذڻ˵ĺ·
ܵ˵ҶΨһʵṩһ˳ĻҶػϲҪֻ֡ʧ£Ҫһ֮
ҶؼʲôûĴȴԵҪΪһʿѹκڵʿһСҲһ
áĵҶṩı˿õԼİȫõĴӪ⵽͵ϮԼݳڵϼ塣
෴ûҶصıĻôǱ뻨ѼĲٴʱ䣬ݳھӪһ԰ȫľݵ㡣ŸҶϼдһδؾһܹȡʤЧֻԶҶṩı
Ҷṩʮ챣ȻܶݣǶ˶ԣѩ̿
ܽж취ţѯҶص
Ҷػ϶취ͬ⡣İţ⡣Զ֣ȥԸһСɼ塣ȻˣⳡϼжҲûжɼ˳˥䣬ǳ̬ɼһ˥䣬϶Ҫóԭ̣档
ܵҪݳǵϼ嶯֣Ѿ׼ʱ顣ļ룬ֻⳡ죬ƽȣϵ˼ռݳǵĴ۶ѡ
ܽжŽ˵꣬һɡȻ˼ֻ¶ҶصϡֿһҶأҶɫĮʲô
΢̾
֮ҶҶ׾ٵ飬ܱݿҲסҪԭһݡ˽ġѾʮ࣬ǸҸ˼ˡǰԭ㽫࣬ԲŴȥԵǣΪ˼ɾ壬㳹׶Ͼͷɻݡ⼸ݣҲûҵʺϵѡͬ߳ƷлҪֵΣ̫ҡ
ҶµĻһã̫ˡ
ǣ룬ջǷȰ˵ϾҶѾǲͬһ·ϡҶɽ紳ڽϴ֮
Ҷطɽ磬ҲǿѡҶ֮Իͬһ֮ȫǿڹȥԵǽʶĽϡĻҶΪʿôݽϵС顣
ֻǿЦҶ֣㲻ԸǱʮưӣȴְֳһæǼȴΪ
Ҷһ̧֣ЦǷһ飬˵պһҪ
Ҷպõǵģֱ˵޷
飬ֵܼˡ
ܺϺڡ໥һۣɫص˵н˵ĵ͹أɱʲôءҶصԸ񣬲Ե޹ʵĳǣ˵պõǵĵطҲǻʱ
Ϻвһ䣬ֻǷһ飬ϿˣҶֵܼʱ͵ļƿⶾҩҩֻܸˣֻΪҲҪһ㡣ҶֵȻûᣬɲǡ

ҹݾƮ˴ѩǳظװɰɫ̹ǵĺ磬һСѾûһӰһƬϰնڼбޱ
ǳۡڣƻͨҹϨ
ݳǱصʮҴСİǣʮУ˲Ϻҹڳүۡ´ϡ
ЩƽݳޱȵĽǣһҲҶഭһڣ۰Ͱ͵үϣүܷһ仰һЩġ
ǣѾ߰ʮüүڴõϣݰ˫ĿɫľȻŸۡĺҹ֪Щʲôɫѩҹ
ڰûүķҶ˵
ݱʮݳǻҪݳǣ˽Ծ֪飬ڽֵϵ̯оƦ֪顣
ЩصİУȻ
ǰգʮǲһǣѾݳڵıذᡣҲ˶űʮһһСĵţʱ׼ͱʮ˽лƴ
ǺͱʮĻƴҪүͷСǰүݾڰᷢʩĵطЩ꣬һЩسǵİṫȻ췴ĿơϰıʮŻĺ
ֻʣݳڱصİᣬΪûүʩǾᶯġ
ǲ֪ΪʲôһƢ𱩵үҪͽξȻĿűʮǰӽݳǣջҡڵס£ǲϵͷͬǺͱʮ˿ս
ҹݳǴССʮҰᣬͻȻӵ˱ʮһǿӲͨ뺣ҪݳǸͶ֮ǰ򱱶ʮͶİᣬϵĸ߲㶼⵽Ѫϴ
˱ذǵļķŭͿֻţҹۼүϣҪͱʮ˿ս
үزƺڻڼɵԥʲôǲϵͷݱڰĴǣģⳡѩҹĽҪ˾


218 ɵ
үǲǸʱˣֻĲȡվүһңүϳٳûκαʾ̲סǰһѡ
Сͱү࣬ΪѾЧʮ֮ãүĴܼңԳƵүΪεˡ
˵ݣûӵķԸǾӦڡپ޴ΣҲòԽһȺĽˣҹϺڣүķԸҲһ¶ЩصİᣬһֱүɲЩ˺ġүδںǲģ˵ģȴΪ롣
ңҪиİ취ֱӺͱʮ￪ս߻ǰ·ҪС
ҵһ仰ƺүӳ˼о˹
үȻ̧ͷʵǴ϶ô
æүСүڸȥƹ۵·ϣųȥСյĹ򣬻ûôţҪжٷĹܻ
鷿ҡ
үڴڿ죬ľ˾Щƣ룬˵˻֣Ҳ·ڰ죬ֱӸ뿪´ãȥլ鷿Ϣ
ϣڰ֪үʲôھʮͨ뺵ޣֻж̶̶ʱˡүڻڵʲô
ٷ֮һʮ˾Ļӣһƥ׿⣬ѩժ£ҵ´Ҵۡ鷿
ү̹ڵϣүү
үֻһ˻ɫʱһʵأôûдƹۻ
ŵŵһͷϻ˵Ҫɵᣬԡƹ۾գⳡʢᡣ
û˵ϼĹͷ𣿡
ӿ˵ˣûð˵Щ£ֵģᡣϵ飬Ҳܣұȥ˵ˣռˣҲܡ˵ֻҪľɵдɣϼ»Ի͡Ȱڵۣһľɵ
үԣʱķһֱ֣Ǻ֣ݳǱصİᣬμƿصֶΡݳǵϼҲûһ̡
ŪǸᣬѾʮˣҲûʲôЧѵǸᣬμɣĹͷμҾʣʿǼΨһһнʿԼΣѲܲʣڳľɵ
˶ľɵû̫ų⣬̲ס˵үүľɵҲģľɵʵҲǡ
סڣ㶮ʲô
ү֪ģľɵΪľɵ⣬ʱȻŭ˵Ļȶϡ
θܼңغ鷿ſڣүͻȻŭ̾һ
֪үΪʲôʹľɵүǶʮʿʱźšүʱɱֽλƹľүӵĳľɵ
ݳʢľɵᣬүүӶĻƶֻҲûʢ
үͬǻ׳־Ҫľɵϼ壬˶ķԪ˻һɣȻ򣬼Ⱥ
ϧʱѾʱѵڣүڶΪΪԵʣүľɵʹޱȡΪľɵļȳԣתȵ
鷿ڣһҶ˵ʲôүүƢ꣬ŭɲүү
үٵĴ˼Ѫڣ죬̴ľͣ˺ðβƽ
϶ɽʿԴӿɵ;ޱȣ»ԪΪСɡʲôٳɵİ취ҪľɵЧΪʲôΪרעԪ뿿翵ľȥʵа·
үŭδ̫ӳɵγֲڳԼĳԣͷ̾ϣϹʿŴѪȻ䵽˽ⲽءΣ뱣סϵѪвС
϶סãˣȥܻݳͷӳţ컹
ȴæүүʮɢޣһ˶£ǵĶְ
үүԪѾǴ֮ˣϧҪܻ˵׼֧סݼҵǡүү£ƾڵĲһʱһʱɡ
ߣ߻üȹЩʱգʮݳǱصİᣬҲˡ뿪ݳ֮ҸСسǣ˰ٺãȻȥԵǣɢޣǱμҵ棬ҲǴɢ޿ʼӴļҵûʲô˵ģϼͷ
үĻУ˵ļȡҲף˥֮ͷ̸ף˵죬ϼ𴫳оͶϾˡǾҲƴȫʣǡ
үү˼ұء
ЩųǾԲظ¼ȨҪȫСɥү˼ͷתҴҳ鷿ټϼĵˣ׼ݳǣܻ

һʱ֮үźת֮£ص´ãټڰĸ߲졣ʱѾָ˺棬˿֮ǰĿήɫ
ڰĴǣʱ
ֻҪһϢڣɱݳǲ񡣡
үڰ߲ɨһۣ
ţݳⲼð̽ڿʱʮһһ
ǣүԸ
ţڳڸܶҪ֮鲼ɱ塣ñʮĪذĶǷɢ
ǣүԸ
ư󵶻ᡢѪáѪˣǼᶼݳһʵİᣬеһϸ֣׼ԱʮڳڵľݵзˣǸϳݳǣ
ǣүԸ
ɼȥݸáһ£Ҫʱ򣬿Խۺ͹ٱƻжƾ͸áĽ飬æӦû
ǣү
æͷ
ݱڰǼүָţɵǲɰһүϵ׳۷ɡֻҪڣеˡ


219 ݵ
үǿ񣬽ӦԱսĲԲȥݳǸİշԸҴ׼ͱѪսһЩݳǱصİǧˣ֮ڣҪĵ֣¡
һʱʱ䣬һζ
ɫѾ˱ͨ뺵ޡϵǣﲢδǰ˵֮ǰҪԲ򱱰ͶİᣬһѪϴ
෴ݳڣƽҹһѩ˷ڽֵϼûаżȮ֮⣬쬵徲ޱȡ
ݱذȥ̽ӣҲû鵽κ춯
ڰǷЩױʮ«ʲôҩǵļҵݳڣ񱱶ʮһءʮҪǲ˽壬ݳǴɱ䣬ֻҪʧء
Щǣһٵ̤˳ϵ
һֳֹ۴󺺣һƥүʮ֮⣬ͣ£̺ڼȵﻤ磬ư֮ݻүżһ⣬үĿ
껰֮󣬴ӼͲȡһ֧Ѿ׼õİżڴϣಡһƿݺݵĴϣ۴󺺲ȥ
ǰһ׷ϡǼŵĲͨһֶѣǱﻤĶ֡콫ϰ˳Ȼ磬˴ŵƤ
ղǴ󺺾֣ǿı
զ࣬ȡ²ڼϵż㣬Ҵұ´ڣүż㡣ղűﻤĸڶһԡ
үӹż㣬ֻ仰ѡ֮ɫԵϷЩ͹ưӵֶˣȻҪְ취ݳǡ
ڵڰ쿴ȥԴ
ưӣиµ˵Ҫս
үеż㣬һ٣취ݳǵĹ취֮һݳǰᣬ˫ʮɸ֣ݳڽһʤΪ𣬰ܷͶ취֮˫ڳڸݵ㣬໥ʧݵһһͶ취֮˫ƻսƾֶΣɱɱȵȣ伫ֱһܲסͶΪֹư취ѡһλǽˣԱư취к
ڰȻ˴ðһʤЩ֮⣬ҲаϲȻ㰴ذ£һк˵
ưİ۵ݸСͷļƣݳڰм
ǰһүսϰףư취ǷϹصġ취ѡһͼ޷ǾùĽֶΣҵݳǵİѹǾֻܾ޷ڡ
ʮȻѡȴֻǵһ͵ڶ취취һƵĻɱ˫̫أֻ²ף˲áھѡһүᡣ
λһͷӶ׷׵ͷʾͬ
үż㣬ڴϸţĿ˼ʲô
һ취϶Ҫų⡣
ʮڵλưӶ֮ˣֻҪκһ˳սȡʤ֮˳սѾǴĺ֮꣬ûȥκֽɱƵۣԸЩΪ˰ȫ뿪ݳǣܻ
ͱذɣȱų
취ƣ취ҪĴ̫ݳǸҲԸӦ취Ȼ˵֮ˣǵѪͷ­ϡǣӴļҵ֮мԸȥѪ
ʣµΨһİ취ʵֻеڶ취
Ǿ˫һݵ㣬һľݵ㱻ȡˣͶ˳СҲ̫ࡣ˭ʤ˭ܣлء
ңݳǱصİϤռŵҪסԼľݵҲΪһЩһ߻ʤĿܡ
Եڶ취ͱһ°ɡ鷳һ̽ݻᱱưӣתﱾ˼
ү˵
Ӧϼĸ֣ǰջݼưӡ
Դ֮ǰڶֱ㼸ջֹݳǱذ῿ջΪʲôһҿջΪԼڳڵľݵ㣬ʮɻ

ưӣҪȡݳǴССʮҰᡣ
ص㡣
Դʵų⣬ȡֻͷ滻һѡֻҪưɣ˽ǣʲô
żĸջʮֿڿջıڵưӣүĻ
ջı죬٣ܵܡ
ؿ۾ǰλݸСͷЦԭư㻹ûʸұʮưӡ˵ɣүʲôҪư˵ҴΪһ¾ˡ
һ£ЦүѾˣ˫һݵ㣬һ¡ݳǰΪݵ㣬ֻҪܹڣݳǰȫͶ֪ԺδΪݵ㣿
ٵ˵ͷջܵ˽ʾյ蹤ָָ֮ջư˵ˣջլԺΪݵ㡣
Ϊޣǰȳ֣ҪⱾ¹ջеԺӣұ˵ȫ˳ݳǣ̤ݳǰ벽ɱ֣ܣ˳ݳǣݳǱаҲͶ
һ£ջȥüͷ
ջȻǳָĺջȴʲôǽԺѹ֮أӿջκһɱȥҪסĵطֻ²¡
෴ǿլԺԺǽߴ󣬶Ҽ񣬼ԱС͵ıݡȻǵӣҲԶʱڹ
Ÿոսջ죬ֻҲʲô塣ƾʲôĿһסջ
֮ûܹݰҲδջָΣ
ЦЦǻö˵Ȼ˫ƽɫݳȻұռһ롣뽫ϵĵó
꣬ٶԣȥ

ջ
õĻظþݵһʤ֮ãзϺڵˣҲɸеϲԭݱصİǿѪϴǱҶ֪󣬸Ȱˡ
ǰسǵǳսҶ˺ܴӰϣݳⳡ¾̫Ѫȡü򵥵İ취ƽȹɣò
ѡһƲߣҶģҪףԲ˱ʱıȡݳսһ¡
ҶֵܲͬҲǰݳǰ뷨ļзִ硣壬취սʧ̫󣬿϶ᱻݳǰų
ᰴʵѡһ취ǵڶ취ԾʵãԸӲƴôѡڶ취ҶֵܵȦ֮ڡ벻һʿջ½󷨣μҵʿǿҲ岻ȥ벽ݵ㣬䶨ˡ
Ϻڡ˿ЦǶˣһ˰뱲һǳеʵ㲻ĽˡֻǽҳһǽʳǴӰײûԹʲôͷܶʱ򲢲ϧЩͨڵҶλʿ԰ΪֶͨηǸϽ


220 죬Ž
ʽԼվսޣ˫ݳµľݵ㡣ǰգһʱջݳǱذϮĿꡣݳǸĸ֣ƼջΧһһĹ
İջš
ҶһֱڿջСԺڣĹעػ𡣳żʶţ̽ΧǷ֮߳⣬ͨߵɧ޶ԡ
գڲϨ֮£ʮƵ׵ػڲϵԽԽȣĶѾ¶һ˿ɫâҶؾϲ
ֻҪٹϣһ¶ȼߵ׵ػҪˡ
˷յǣеĻʯľʯ̫죬ÿҪ飬Щáо۱«֣Ҳά֡
Ҷ룬òϵĵͽ׽齣鵶˳ɣȥһԵǣ⼸һЩƷʯ
ʹõĶǷЩͽϿȡ붴ߵģѾûʲôô˻ٿƷʯø
Եǵطڿɲһȥֻȥһˡ

ԼޣۿһζջȻ⵽Ĺȴʯ˿ûκαļ
үһջ鿴жսջǲ㱡Ĺڣ׷޷ġ֮ˣܿһ
ǿ֮ɫԽ
Ϊ̫޷̽ջʲôʩǲסջĴΧĹڣֻоһ˿־塣ֶΣֻ²ͨʿġ
ݳǵİˣ׷ү߿ࣺүջ̫ѹˡݳǱذһֶԿջ̽Ǳ˵ջڣջı߶ûͱ˻ǶԱ﾿ӵжǿʵ֪
ڻ㲻˶Σ׷ܹһܹʧܣǴʮֱˡ
үɲЩŭޣҪǹȥϱҪøưѪãǼܶ涼ڳϣԼŰɡ
ܼңڵүǲݸЩ۽ջ̲һ£ǵĵϸٸ棬δظ赲
үݵ۶Щͷֻ²ЩȥһҸĽ٣ջȥѲ飬һ±ĵϸ
ǣСȥһ
æͷ
ʱ֮ȫ׸ꪵʿ䣬ջΧЩʿһԲڿջɿɳɱС;ǰŵܣŸꪣֽ֣ȻѵصľľȻͨգһȴֵͨܵ
һ佫꽫٣Ÿͷջ⣬ȣջѲܣҪջڽ̲顣
򲻹ǣȻѹٱõֶΡ
ʮĸЩɵۣһٸ̡ҲҺЩٱȲ˵ܴܲӮӮҲҶ֡ǿפݾڵĹٱӪؼ׾ġȭͷӲҲҺЩٱΧû
ʮİ٣״æ½ٷУ
꽫һСӻջ
æǰЦλүǱʮİ١
꽫һִٵĻȻЦӲʲôϰǵ˶гм顣˼ٴ˵ѲܣҪûܡʵ׷ܵ飬ǹٲȥ죬óٱֻǣǮƣҪ֡һջְ̽׵ñ˵飬Ȼƴǡ
ԥסˡͨڵûʲôֻưҲǿɾ͹ˡǽеıڶ˳ܹٱ顣
꽫ټʹ죬ջڣѲأ
ٿЦջڶǱˣһصСԺưǿԽȥǣȥҪ˵ˡ
үҪǲţԼȥһºˡ
꽫ҲϻŴȺĹٱջڴѲСԺʱ򣬺ˡڡһ˿
꽫Щ
ɡˣ
ϼˣԲݳפһС١ȻϵĺˣҲϼߣȻ֪һЩ˵顣ֽ˵ıڣϼصҲУǷ󷨡
һֱͬ꽫٣λСԺǰһ˱аЦеλүСԺ۱ưס֮Ҫȥ
꽫񣬡Ǳưӣˣ
ٵЦÿɷ
꽫ٳһΪϼˣȻף֮Ƿ˿ԲֵģǳɲΪ˾ôһҪˣˡ
ᣬһᡣձձ꽫ųһ亹ļĳʿЩڿջѲʿ䶼ƣҴնӡ
ټλү㿪ϡ˫䣬ȡһĴӣУЦȷᣬ˵ʲôܡүһҲףСǮүƣӡ
ﻹ֪˳̨ߣЦǮҴҴŴӵĹٱջسľӪ
ˣջΣ
һͣҴӭȥЦ
ջһȹȥǼʹһģֵģ㺦ү˴鷳Ȼȥүȥ汳
ǼͱűȺգȻλүô˵ͷĪǮǼӵɧҴһȥܹ

ٱҲ̽鲻ջһİʱ֣ݳǱصİֻӲͷƤȫǿҹҲ޹ؽҪСԺѣ󲿷ֵĵطû¡еһСԺ޷Ҫ˵¡
սأݵ㣬ʧܡ
¸İȻˣ벻ҲС
ҹ󣬱ưѾŴȺ뿪ջȥˡǱԮ¡Ҫ£ݳǵİҲûȥˣֻͶ
ǱͼҲ˳
ĸۡڣʱѾһСͽ󷨡
ЩŹ֣֮һסһȥʧ˷ͬɳĮ嫺һ㡣֮ˣܴɳĮ嫺˳־΢ᶨ֮ˣ޷߳ɳĮľ֮£ֻڡ
ʮһֳ˽ȥֻ˳ѡ
һ󷨣߹ȥ
Գ֣һΣڣȻҲ岻ȥ֮£ֻҶǰæܲƳ
Ҷ⣬鿴ɵ󷨡һʿĿ̽͸ҲֻԼһɫ취ڷɫҫ۹â
Ҷһ
ԷΪ죬ɷͬѰ죬ɱе̣̫ࡣ
ֻǣⷨʿܷӳ㹻ϼڿ϶ûʿֻʯ󷨣ӳֻ²ԭʮ֮һ
ʮ֮һҲ԰󷨵档
Щ꣬ҶҲʶٵķ󷨡󣬵󷨣û󷨣ǲȥðճԵģΪ˴Լɲֵá
Ҷسһ£ͷܵ˵ݳǵϼٴǧ꣬һ󷨣ϡ档Ļϼֻͱ˸ˡ
ܵ˵ͷҲգμҵ߹ڲҳȲǡòⳡݵ֮ǱҲӮһĳҴֱȥշݳϳĸᡣ
ٽ̶յĹݳǳϵڴСܶ棬ܲסԱѹ׷ͶƱǿǿΪڸۡڣסǣֻתͷͶ
ưڹ˳ưӡ
Ѫˣѣڹ˳ưӡ
ᣬ쳣죬ڹ˳ưӡ
¿Ƶݱذᣬڶ̶ڴͶݳǷƴ䡣еĴССİᣬ𶯡ͷССåҲ֪ݳǱˡΨһµˣݳǿȥ롣ʱգݳǣֻҲڻ¡
ⳡݰƱɫֻǾݵĽѣݳͨӰ첻ⳡ棬ջݵϣδΧĲ֮˳٣û˼޹֮ˡݳǵݸҲδͷʡ
ѽݳԽ֡ƹۡ˫¡֡¡ݳʮʢһʱĵ־ٰɵᣬҲھУ˶ʮڳİǰۿⳡʢ֮£̵飬δע⡣


221 
ݳǵı춷ᣬڳǶֵһ˵ƹ۽СƹݾһָĵۣҲǺպǰס
𷱻ݳڣƹռضĶȺݳǸáΪӴÿǰͽˮﲻ
۵ͭϣһң顰貽ơ֣ɷ裬ƷǷһ֮±ˬƽмķȫ
˵ǰһĺպˣݷƹ֮ʱױ飬ƹ۵ɼ֮һƹ˶롣
оԣݰÿмһƹ۵ͽǴ˵檡Ůƹ֮ʢ˼Ҽһŷĵز
ȻҲ˶˵֮ԱǣݰŷĿɲƹۣɼҵֻݾĵƹ۹ҵݰƹܡ
ʱǶʢᡣƵǰʮòݣɷǵʿһſӭ·͡
һգһˣͽƹ⣬һ۵۴ϵġ貽ơ֣һЦλǰˣҲˣĸֲ޳ֻ֮Ͽһ󷨣һȥȻеˬޱȣȫ
Ҷء
ŵݳǴʮ죬áĵһ֮жݳǡʱŸոչȥգкüա
ҶرûⳡƹھеĶᡣֻ鴦꣬ǰ˹ڸۡڣӭսҶʣµļգԵ¡
ɵչ֮£Ҷջƹ߶һ׽Ķᣬôһ¡
ҶƹۣǰĵʿһŽ𱡵ƹڣڸ˺ɼľȥˡ
һأֵһöҶӲġ
Ҳ֮٣ϾƹҲɲݾޱȵİա
ⳡᣬֻǧͽֳۿҪֳƹ۵ܽƹ֮ˣǴ󸻵ĵ̼֣ȨĹټҡ
Ѱգ޷ģֻڵȴ
ȻˣҲа취֮ĶΪڻһЩţ˶ĳжһһ¼͵ڶ¥ݣȻ˵ھ¥ڣڲ͵ǰ΢΢ɵĽһ飬һͽĶ
Ҷȥʱ򣬶Ѿʼ
Ƶڣһ޴Ĺ㳡ֻʱ㳡ܣѹѹһƬϯǧͽ֮ڵȺȴѻȸίʵ档
㳡м䣬һ͸̨ɷǵʿ̸࣬ľɵиȾǹ㳡ԶϯҲһ
Ҷڹ㳡һпλϯ£˼С˺͵ƣ
⶷ᣬǵ̨ʿԽԼľɵļ⣬Ȼ໥˭ļΪֱһƿΪֹʤ
һһֱ춷ᣬΪ֮ˡ
˵ҲʮֺЦ
һڵߣȴ׵ڣһȺδɵķˣɣҪǴȥֻ»׷Ŀ࣬ЦΪֵ֮١
Ķᣬ׽ȻʢɽȴδʿֻҶزߵļɻ䣬ûҪ֮£⶷һ
ҶЩ׸˵ļ⣬δ̫⡣׵ʿΪûδɵ˵ĳЩ©ٳҲȻ̲סЦ
һ֮żʼסͣ¼оƲ˵Ŀӡ
Щ׵ʿǣܲ˴Ҳǰ׻ġ׷֮УҲ׿Ÿ߰˶ĿšȻɣȴζûвŻżһʷľǰҶظİλز
᳡һ֮㼤һƬڣкá
ҶŸ̨ϵ׵ʿ˼֮С֪ϯϵľƲҲʳ֮ζ˵˼ڸ̨׵ʿе֮ϡ
˰Ķ֮ҶԭЩСƵ̬
ʸһһȶϵ̨ģࡣݳɵĵۡԺɳһľΪߵ˲Ҳʮ֮ˣʸμӡ
ÿͬʱϳˣǶԶһľĵ硣ֻʤ֮ˣ̨ϡ
չܿ죬֮󣬱㵽һ硣
ҶЦֻԼԻСʱûܶ顣سǵĲҩãȻҲѧ˲鼮Ǵ󲿷ʱ䶼ڲҩ൤ţǳ֮С֮ɽסİ꣬Ŷ࿴һЩ
̨Щ˼ʱ򣬿бһЩƧϻʮֳ׵ģҶֻмζе⡣
һ磬һüϵʿһֺУһãһ֮䡣˷ֱڸ̨֮ϣľɵּ磬СԲԲԲ磬Ӧһ״̬ﵽԲ֮һԾ̥ǣΪ׵Ĵˡ
ϣϵʿĹ񣬿۱磬ϲмܡֺкá٣Ϊ
ǣҶȴעϡ࣬ȴûзһЩͼ󣬲δɺ׵ɵܵľﵽԲ֮һԾΪˡΪʸ֮ģ⵽˵Χˡ
ˣȻڲżѣȴһЩͼĴΪľ˴֮󣬿Գɡ
ҶȻ̨עĸһЩ
ҪǣλԲʱ֮£ѿ˵һ䣬ڤ˼޹ˣľСԲ硣
ʱҶؾһ
Ҫ֪ƪбôһ仰ΪһŲ㹦Ҫ塣
ô˵ľСԲ磿
Ҷ޷ƽ
ŪףΪʲôͻȻ˵仰
ϧ˲⣬տڲ˵ˡ
Ҷʮְա
Ҷͬһϯģжˡһ湫ӣӥǣͷ档һ΢ֵĸүһûһĵдŻ̨Ʒͷ㣬Ҷصע⡣
Ҷһ֣ЦųǶʵλ̨֪λʲôˣ
үҶشһҶһسʲôû֮ԽġЦλ̨Ŀİɡ̨λֱƹ۵˫µĳǷʦֵ޳ʦ̫ԼԺԱ
Ҷɻʵλ֮Ҳ˵һЩֿڵĻģԱ
үЦԱ֪򿡣ݳǱسţʮԪյΪ״ԪʥϿΪݲſ֮ʣ֮ţ˽ŵպ볯͢ڸԱǴߣȻ˹;صݳǵİԺǱרľɵͬ綼ϷΪԱû뵽״ε̨㴳ǰģû䵽·磬˲ð
湫ӣЦԱʲô˲ģʮǰͱһϹڵ˽ӡСӷ֮󣬾ͲЩյͬˣΪܡ
үЦ˰ɣ˽ӻʮ껹Ǹţ˼һ״ԪȻûͬˡСүһҸȹһξơֻ̫󣬿û⹤ЩС˻ˡ
湫ɫһ죬޷޵˵˼䡣
Ҷصõ˸̨֮󣬲ٸλӵг˼ھ֮󣬼ѾɢȥԺȥ
϶һƬҶӣǰԺղǸɻûף򿡵Ϊľ磬ĵ壬ơ
һʿվڵԺſڣҶҪȥæסȵ֮أ˵Ȳڣ뿪
Ҷһ£ҸղŽȥλ
ǺʿһţУҪ˱Ժǵ徲Сӵ𡣡
ҶذգʿڿϾ
ںʿͷһһ΢һȻҡڵĽԺһ֮ˣûʲôֻҪĸʱȻʧ
ʿֱӽڵĿ⺧ȻſڣһֵơԺĵʿǣֵĿźʿһŷ
Ҷؼ֮䣬Ѿ׷򿡡λ֣һ̣
ͷи·ƢͻȻ·̣û¶죬ֻһ֣λ̨뽲
Ҷʵ̨֮ʱἰڤ˼޹ˣСԲ硯֪֣ôļ⣿ͬʱĶ򿡵ɫ
򿡶ʱһ̧ͷҶأ͡
һ̨ϣ˱Ƽˣ鼱֮֮ѿ˵ġ˵֮ͺޱˡ⻰˵ġ
ڸŻԺȥʦء
򿡿һ£ȲԸ˵ѣֲԸ˵ʵ飬λ̨׷ԴĻ˾ǳһϹʱڵ֣ϣһƪƣĬԪˣ˼ڹ⡣ŭͳĵģִԲɷ̰Ǹ󣬲ξ幫áΪĬνС϶硣΢СϿڤ˼ҪΪ֮ɷ˼ŭݣΪСʧƽϣŭĻԪ;١ιģǡڤ˼޹ˡıͳˡ»һЩҪиǣ
򿡲Ը˵֮󣬴ҴתԺȥͷһۣҶûиŷģӿ˽Ų
ҶվԭأĬĿȥ
ƪڹҲȷ˵ҪĬ䵭ֹͣĶԪġɹȻǳһ׷֮飬ʮ⡣
Ȼǣ򿡵飬Ȼʲô


222 ľ
ƹۣһСԺ򿡴԰СɫҴһƧ¥ǰһòѾЦӣү鷿ڵأȥɡ
û˼࿴һֻۣǵͷҴ¥
ҶظСԺԲһ֮ڣ׷˸Ӳʶ̽顣
֪򿡣СԺҪʲôˡ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿¥
ⶰ¥ϣֻ¥һ䷿ŵȻڻ
ҶΪ棬һ£ΪһɫӰӣǱ¥ڡ˫һ㣬ɵԾ¥㣬ǵŵķǰϢ

ʦ
򿡽鷿ǰһʿһĳֵ֮ǡһ״ԪұʵΪ֮ţѲŰû뵽һƹ۵ĵʿ˹ҪǴȥֻ˾ȡ
ʿеòǱã֮ࡣǰлīīĥ֮ŷһΪɱ¼ģһֱֳʣնΣ˵һ¡
ǣʦ
ĵĵʿĥīһ꣬Ȼվʿ棬˵磬һһʮһ顣
Ҷشʱ⣬Ȼһľ壬淢鼸ͬǰһ
ǣ򿡽Ƿʦ޳ʦ̫Լķԣ˵һ顣յļ磬ȻһֲҲû˿ģµΩΩФֵܹزֻþ֮ˡ
ʿи˱ɣЩ󲿷ֶԭԭһĻֽϣ¼ֻ˵ڤ˼޹ˡʱ϶һ£ɫ΢΢һ䡣
򿡶ʱһţݵڵϣæ֪ʦ𷣣ʦڵɹõ˵
ʿĬΣҡҡͷ̾ˣҲǴ˵顣⡶Ϲʿͳɹ֮һһȥ޴󰭡Ժǣ˵ע⡣
飬ǴľɵĻʯϼѾΪ˸ʮ˵Ѫһɹ㿪ɵ֮ȻҲһݹ͡Ծκβء
ǣף˿иʦ֪ʲôʱ򣬲ɣϲޱȡɵһϯ֮أ顣
ʿͷҲ̧ҪĻ۸ˣܲ͸ҴڸġȻеõɵһ졣˵ȥɣѺʣµĶ¼
Ҷ棬̲סЦ
ʲô۸ⲻǰӵô򿡸û֮ţҲ޷ڵԪ񣬽ɡʿɵնװΪЧ
ҶطʿӵзߣѾн׵ΪʿƺҲǡ
ҶΪʿܹĿһϢ˱ʧһ㡣ʿΪ̫ͣ㣬޷ϢԾߣʿҲδҶصĴڣҶȴ׵̽鵽ʿΪ
Ȼţȴ֪ԼûɵĸԸΪʿЧܿ콫Ļﶼ˵˳ʿ¼
ʿлﶼ¼֮ʿʼ䣬Ķżѯ򿡵򿡼䲩ѧʿ¼õķϻͨͨһɾֻЩƺõ䣬¡
ʦͽˣͨﵩԽо
Ҷ鷿ãޱȣ̲סƿ鷿ţǺЦ
ʿűƿȴʱһ֮󣬸Ǵʧɫ
򿡻ͷһŭѣⲻǸ·ѯʵôô¥󡣴ȵǺˣȥ
סڣ
ʿæֹ򿡣ǰĹһݣһ֪ǰ٣ʧԶӭǰλʿʮҲﲻ
Ҷվԭأ΢΢ͷ̹Ȼһ񣬡Ҷ
ɵۣڵ֪롣ܹʦΪǰģҲˣҾǸΪˡѹæҪߵݡ
Ҷһ̧һס򿡣ߵݲȥЦʦ֮ˣ˵ĹأΪݼǰֻ׽ķˣ谴˹سɽ֮ҪԵ޹ʰңҿûʲô㡣˺һԣЩҪʦ
ҶصУһˡ򿡣ȫͬˡһߣΪɽʿȻҲɵѾ˳ɽ磬˽ˣרעڰ֮ĳ̶ֳѾǽˡһ˼ɣʼնǴ׷ˡ
ˣҶص̬ҲȫͬһߣҶȻߵĹԴǽˣҶضλǽλˣ֮˶Դ
һ죬˺
һ֪ǰʲôѯʣ
ҶضͻȻΣˣ
һһλôˣʮֽػصңʵ۲үҲˡѾ飬ЩֻƹڣǱѡ飬һֱĸڴǰΪ
ҶЦ⵹ǡҵļϵѣڰɵϺеͻС¡ϵ飬ֻսؽˣûҪ֮ĳͻҴ˴ƹۣᣬ֮١ֻ֮ͽ˵ݣɻŹһ
һ΢ֻҪ鷳Ǿͺáͽ֮ȷС£˶һλʿ
Ҷⲽǰǲġɱ¼תͷʵоľ
һȷоľ
ҶЦ˵
һæǰľѾ˽ϸ߾磬ŸոŶѣҰŪ
Ҷһ㶣ô֪ҵľΪѾܸˣ
һʱɫŹ֣ǰĲǡ𣿡

Ҳǡ⡶ȻԪΪͬʱҲľǰܽ磬ضľѾ˽ϸߵľ硣ǰȣ̫ԶҺ˵
ҶǳסˡȻǡŹ˼٣Ҳδ˵⡶бʲôЧ
ԡƺ˽⣿
֪һЩϼ棬޶һһ£֪ǰ˵
Ҷҡͷδ֡


223 Ϲż
һƺţǰˡһ䱨˳ҲϣҶܿϣҪΪ
ʲôԵǰ˴ɢ֮һĹˣϼ棿
ҶسһеĲϨ֮ǹ˲ɼġλպϹԪӤʿȻϼ档ϼԨԴҲδ̫Ƴ˰ɡ
ϼ壬һ˿֮ġô˵һϵɼ壬ֵ𾴡

һͷȴȻ
£ֻҪţвǰ˵ɽ磬ԪӤʿļ壬亱ϧϼĻԻǰˣϼǵһʿûСҪǲ˵Ҳûм֪֮˻кϡ
һһԤƪƪƪƪƪƪᵤƪڶɽʿ޶棬ˡƪᵤƪԪȱ޶ϼ壬⡶˽ģͨʿһЩ
̼ɻ󡣡
֪޲ԡ
ƪһȱݡԴ˽٣
˵Щˡ
һЩΪѣǼҶһ־ڱصõ̬Ūֻ²뿪ѲŵʵϹʱڣʿͬʱԪľǸʱµؼ඼ͬʱԼԪľ⡶ͳһ֡ΪͬʱԪľ⡶쳣ļѡ
ţһмǺٺʿΪȱݡΪľòЩʿľרעԪµ˺ʿΪеġ龭ľ龭龭ˮ龭龭ȵȡЩʿΪ˸ɫȴЩֻԪϲ漰ľ
Ҷػͷһ⣬ľкã
һǰʵֻһãľԽߣԽױֱģʧԻԻ󣡿ħ١

ʱ֮Ҷ뿪ƹۣջŲ¯Сºܿȥáġ˸𡣱Ͼֻ·֮أǱʮĶ֣ݳǳ顣
뿪֮ǰҶǰƹۣһһ֮漴뿪ڡ
һҫ۵ķɺ轣âգɶңԶı
Ҷڷɽϣ紵Ѻͷ١ȴţ֮ǰһһʽס
һ֮ǰ˵Щš
ʲôľԽԽױֱġ
򵥣λүһүȴƹǱоľһʿľٸߣʲôá
ħ٣ԪӤʿŻĽѣʿ˵Ǻ޹ϵмʿҿԼԪӤڡ
ȻҶҲδȥһ˵ʵ顣һҪĲ˵ֶȥơ
ǣֻҪ˱ȱ㣬
һȻҲ
һһкֵܼƷֻҪҵĶܹ⣬ҽһ㡣Ҷƽ仰˵ڣȻһɫ
һɫڴ䡣ɵУɼҲӵϼѾǵļ壬Ǹϡ鵤ɲ򵽵ġ
ǰһϹؼϹʿӵмߵľΪʩչΪ治ƣ˲ؼȱΪֲеĲȱͬʱҲΪľΪƹǱʮأϣ׷˵ǻۣؼȱֲϡ˲ؼȫԵֵһļ۸񡣲Ҫȥȡ
Ǻãպ˴һֽ鵤һֽ顣ⷬû֮ԣӦ֪ϼ壬˶ҷ𣬴ݳʧ
һΣ
º
Ҷ뿪УһᱡؼһһġľеⱾǳ¼ĸؼԭһС
ʽ׾ֵֵã˵
Ĳ鲢࣬ϼѣ󲿷ֲѾʧμʣµһż
ľԭѾ𻵣˵ǰ֣еһָлˡϼʮˣ˼ľ޲ⱾľҲû޲ȫ
˲ޣ׷˵Ĳǣ޲ᡶľݾڼʢĶᣬľɵĻӣʵһֱϼڱƲ
ϼ⶷ᣬĻǷͼȴҶ֪ˡֻһᡶľ
ĵط⡶ľԪΪǴ⿿ľĸߵ
ÿﵽһľ磬ܷӳǿ
仰Ҳ˵ûľʿ޷
ڣͬʱԪľϡľһҶҲʡȥľĿա
ᡶľһΪ㡣
һ㡰ơҪﵽƪľ磬֮ܽ󣬿ƣԭĻϣǿͷųķҡ
ڶ㡰ħӰ󷨡Ҫﵽƪľ磬ܹ֮ܽԷͶΪõľӣûһħӰɢһűơ
ħӰȻƾˣĻ꣬ס޷˵СΪȫӰ
㡰󷨡Ҫﵽƪľ磬ܹ֮ܽõħӰʵ˵СʵӰ޷ãȻɢ

Ҷһ·ͬŻϣ
Ϊ·̼ԶȻУҲҪ֮òִܵһ·ϣȻҲ˲ٵľȥ⡶ľ
Ҳǹᡶľ𣬱޲᲻иá
ϸ֮Ҷ֣ûиáԪһһ˲Ԫɣ߻ħ˴Ļֻ޷㹻ѡ
ҶؿǹЩ֮ŰĵĽ
Сľ֮С£һĹɡ
һʿ¿ԽɽΪһɳĽâΪԽߣɽԽ󡣷ɽԽʩչȻҲԽ
ҶشоϲǣͷųķɽһԱǰɡ
Ҫ֪ϵΪÿǰһԵ÷ǳѣҪķѳµѪȥޣдĻǿķ߽׵ĹؼܵϳµĿޡ
⡶ľĵһ㣬Ҷƾɽâʵ൱˳Ծ
ȻʩչʱҲб׶ˣ뾭ݵƣܱǿĽâƵĻ޷ġҲ˵мƱϵĻ޷ӳЧ
ڡľĵڶ㡰ħӰ󷨡ЩѶȡ
Ҷطٱ飬Ҳûҵϣ÷óһӰɣǲǹݳ޷ɹʩչ
Ҷزδ
ڶĹΪڴ
ܻûһħӰħӰԼƻҪǿһű϶ǳע⡣
ħӰԽע⣬Ȼ˺Ĵڡ
һΣյľأͷųħӰԴѵ˵׷١


224 Ѫɷ
֮һٵĺâ˱ı߾һ
Ҷӭڷɽ֮ϣŲãպͻɫĴأɫء
Դӽ뱱ڵ֮ķ֣߾һվȻŵĳѪɫһСƬǸĿաǺҹǰ׳ѪɫδʧĴһ˿Ѫζ
ⲻܲ˸еȣ˴Χɫ쳣δ
Ҷذơ
ҪŪ﾿ʲô뾡еĹȥСʿӦ֪ôһ¡
֮䣬ͻȻһŨҵɷӵϳγѪɫѪɫڰŤɨΧա
ҶܲͻıԵɨµķɽɽһʱҶصʶжϵݵʧ״̬׹ȥ
Ҷش󾪣ݷɽ漴㱻Ѫɫ֮УʱоѪڣƺԼޱɱסһ
մȾڵɷۿзһ˿⣬ðһɱƺвݷɽɱһеĿɱ֮⡣
ֻǣɱҶصıͻ
ıģֻǳỊ̆Ը޹ʴɱ䣬δ˷ɱ⡣ɷɱ⣬Լ񲻶Ծ
عԼѪɫɷӰ
ɷоôȥֻ˶ɱħ
Ҷһн׻ֽסѪɫ֮⡣зɿĬڵɷ˳ȥڵѪƽͫҲָɫ
ɷĸţæס²׹ķɽǿ÷ɽ󷽵ʮɣ侲ıܿǹɴӵѪɫ
Ҷ侲Ӧ֮࣬кȻ
ʿ֮ĶҲ޷ж϶ԷʶͷɽϵѪɫɷȻ˰Եֱķɽʧ֮С
ֶΣֻǽʿſġ
ⲻܲе𾪡
Ÿս뱱ڣ·;˿µɷҪƵѪˡңڻҿ϶ɰԵɷģǳġ
ǳģֻҪ̤;֮ǿһѪսƴȫһɻᱣ֤
Ҷزҵһ䴢һԾ޴ѩ׵׼շתŲ
ͬʱһһðܺɫ棬һɳľϵС֣׳һڱǵɫСӣյתʱ׼з
ǿ޷סֻ֣зķˡ
ҶرܿǹɳѪɫֳ΢ģ侲·ȥҪʲô˶֡
Ҷžȵķ֣һƬУļʿ˳ɱ졣
֧ǧףֳָеľӣֵıԵԡѪս໥ɱࡢɫͳ˧ֱš루ܣ֡
ղǹͻȻѪɫɷǴ֧ӵͷðģЩɷγһɾ޴˫˵ӣɱļңѪɫɷԽԽŨơ
ս
ҶشӿУϵϲɵľȻ㵡
ϸӵս˫ľ󣬴ֵϿȻǱʹܹľڴ˵ɱΪĹױڣԴܹ·һ֧ӽһ
֧ӵͷϿոðһƬѪɫɷڰоһγһӵͷϵѪɫɷƺҪΪŨһЩ
ҶؾգĿⳡ׹Ҿ֮Ĵս
Ѫսһ죬ڵʱͣս
ܵľӶ½ǧʿʬ壬ҹȻˣƺû׷Ĵ㣬սֻصѪʬ壬ĿʾһСģս
Ҷز˵صδóȻָ档֧뿪ֺŴн֮СڵѪ֮ҶɻĲ鿴ʬ壬Ƿʲô״
鿴֮ȫľʿûһ֮ˣʿϵ˺Ҳǵ֮ˡ
Щʿ׷ǳ׽ǳİ֡ĻĽסЩʿ쳣׺ּߣǶһߵˮƽȻȱ첲ȣҲǿսǿͷ­ϣŻ᳹׵¡
ҶֹЩ׾ʿԭһ龪
ɷʿ׽ʿġ
ⳡ龪Ҳеһ˿ĺʿɱ֮ʱɢѪɫɷȻŨҵʿҲòâĵز
ֻǲ֪ЩʿͷɢѪɫɷʲôԵ
Ҷڴһɫ
ѾǱı߾Ҳζܹܽɼĵ̣֮ĸļ壬൤ڳûʲôΣաǴȴɼĵֱ̣ӵĹϵǰǺԡ
ɼ壬вٵϵʿļ岻ӦԵģСĽΪȥ桢Ԫ쳤λͬʦֵܻϡ
Ҷ뿪ѪȵĵطͻȻԶڴϸ΢
ζ治ǱǧʹܵĻ֧ľǧˣɢɷƷѪɷǿᡣλʦܣؿиˣռЩƷѪɷƳѪ«ǿǸ߽׵ԵУ񲻿ɵȥҲǳֵǮ
ǣʦ֣һ淢ô죿
ޣǵһʹʲôʱǵͽˡαʹܵľǰս֪顣óûһˡ淢мƷѪɷǰռˣˣ˻Ǯ֪ƨ
ˣǱϻˣ㶯ռɷһƺܿͻᷢɷò˶þ͹ˡһĺ˵
ҶһȫϢӰּһϢƶһôӰ֮СĿŴԶĿյϣϥ߰һӰ
˶ʿ˵Ϊڰ˲㡢Ų֮䡣һɫѣһǰһһ
ϥǰԷһ««ڿųա
֣дŷзɿһЩֿڵյѪɫɷı⼸«ڡ
ֻ⼸«̫СֻװʮɷΧɷ޷ʢ̫ࡣ
˸ռһ«Ѫɷδ໥̰һۣɿĴͳ«ʩ
ҶؿʩаԭԵɷѪɷռ«Ѫɷűãǲ
ȥ
ղʿƺἰһλܿֻнΪʿʸ񱻳Ϊ档ڴ˵أǳΣա


225 
Ҷ۾ϥصĺʿǰѪɷ«һۣϷֵĴ㣬ˡҪɱڰ˲㡢ŲʿȻ̫ҲҪһʱ䡣
ɲҿ϶ôһСᷢʲôʡ
Ҫǿе棬ʮֲ
ңҶҲ͸żаʿʲôһ˵ĳǿǳ鷳ǲҿͷΪ˼߽«ԼİΣֵá
뵽Ҷ̻ΪһƮ⣬׼뿪Ƿ֮ء
ɾʱɫͻȻһ䣬ٵĳһۣȻѸһƬײïڣԼϢ
һͷĴУֳַȣŻɮ۵ɮˣԶֱԵפͣ¡
Ҷض⣬ױ⼸еΪһڳ׵ʿڸ߽ʿʵǿ
Ҷز棬¶ˣǰΪԵʣϢĹѾ˼ߵĵزһϢ˱ּһʯһľԱͬ׵ʿҲʶ̽ټ൤ŵʱ㳢Թ⹦ЧϢá
⼸ȻҲûܲҶصĴڡһϷգѪɫɷڻĳɫʱһ䣬ŭ׷׺ȵã֮ǰռɷ
дʲô˸Ҹʳòͷˣ
ȥһ
ΪĴзмʿɮ˳ڡ
ռɷʿ⼸гֱԵʱ򣬱ѾǰɢǿϢһֹ֡
ͬʱóͷųĶ赲Ǽп
лӶ磬ɢܵɮŵΧʿĻֿ񹥡ڴҵĴ򶷺ͺ
Ҷز˼䣬üͷ
ǰϴõĺʿкļŹֵĺУȻаʿΪѪɷ
ʿʿеĶ֡
Ǿȫ֧Ź֣ƿڴ𹬵ĺУʲô
ҵǺƽ̺µӣǲҪ̫Һƽ̲ǺǵġҪɱǣ𣡡
Ǽɮۺɫ΢䣬ǵû֣ͣĸϹ֣ޣϼһﲻϳɽţʲôʱ˵ظʲôռɷ
һʿæҪƽɷΣٹʱѪɷͻȫʧЩޱȵѪɷװ׵ɢǿϧ˷ѣҵһȡߡɷ㹻Ƿˡ
ߣ𹬵ˣͱ˷˵ҲһԼķƽ̵СͽʲôʸɷϹйǼСͷ˭ǵùһأȥɡ
⣬ò׺ݵĴһЦɮ˳ٳٹʿĹ֣ʮֲͣз͵һӣһһɵĻɫӷͷϱצҵײڻϡ
£֡ꡱһ±ѿ
ʿ󺧣תӡϧѾжʿҲűǵԵĻɫ׷ϴСҽС
ʿֱѶΪһ̯Ѫࡣ
ʣһʿɮ˸ΧסɫңֻԴеķݡսӣܴĹǰС
Ҷذƣƽ̡𹬣ƺΪӴɡ൤ŵʱ򣬴δɾڣɵĴڡ
ţͻȻһȻԶգһɾ޴ΣѹȸУָͷκ춯
Ҷظողʱ
һ޿ƥеǿʶԶɨƬ֡
¸£˭۸Һƽ̵ĺҺԽеӣǰĺţһЦߴţһɴСޱȵѪɫԶʼٷգۼѾֵϷ
ޱȣѪҺ͡ڵļΪĺУֳֵվסҧŲֱͨڵϡ
ֻΪĴУǿѳסûе¡û뵽ĺȻٴ˵أ˵㵽ɫ䣬Ҳû룬㼱æӣȳһףΪһС͵Ļɫײײĳȥ
ۿֻеĺʿϲ⣬ݵڵϣޣ棬ڴ˵ΪռѪɷ⼸̵ĺȴҪɷ𣬻˵Ǻƽûʲô˲𣬾ֱɱ˺ƽ̵ͽΪҵȼԩĵ
Źĺƣƺŭˡ
𹬵Сͺ¿ȻҲϷɽĺ֣
ǴƬ֮УɳһСƬĺƣΪһ׷ĴСǴд󺧣ƴʹ»ɫ
ҪӽʿѣôסƽĴһ°סź洫ޱȵĽļ˲ȥ
СƬ̹һɫǺһľȣӺеڵϵļУѾıѣ
Ҷػͬпࡣ
Ǻǽʿɱһڳʿһֻûʲôʿܷ֮ܲأû˿İա֪ˣղž㱻Ǵз֣ҲҪ뿪ط
һƬĺƿСһɫۣ췢üʿеȣòһ㣬ֻǻһǺɫӶǺɫ
ݼ棡
ʿݵڵϣֺõʮͷ̧ͷ
ߣ
沢δǺʿĸȤѪɫգһ촽¸´Ц
Ѫɷζ治þûм˴ѪɷˡҺϷļʱɾЩСװ̣ˡϧһЩÿιһιϷѪ죬ٻʮ꣬ϷҲóˡ
Ӵóһ޴Ѫɫ죬͵ĲڵϡϣƺڵѪнɢѪɷ
ʿһȡ죬ŵˣҿ֮ڡ
ֻƬ̹Ѫɷ㱻һաѪɫϣðԽŨҵɱ֮ȻѾΪǿ
δǹԶĺʿЦʹս´ԽԽˣȻĲҲǲСȥһ˴ܣðʿнȥѴܺͱս¾̽ʱϷսС«Ѫɷ͵ǽˡ֮£ٺ٣ɽ͹ȷϡ
ʿһǼ沢δ׷ǰ͵ɷ֮飬ʱϲæصǣ棡ȥܣս
˵صɷһչۣڿջΪһž޴ĺƣԶŶȥʿ̧ͷˣŸϵĺ«Ҵܹȥ

Ҷڲ֮صһʱҹҲûκζһȶվһùʲôôûеõװ׵һ
ΨһǣǺ沢δڡȻк沢δʶÿһطϸ̽ԵʡҲ˵⡶ϢЧȻͬѰ
׳һɽһԾϣ˼صȥϺʹܵϵĳͻֻ·ͬһĸӣȻвǿκ˽


226 ϡ֮
ɽͲԭΪڰմ࿿ɽغΪ뺷ǲڱĹҲֻǿϽһݳǵĸ
ڵƺЩţرƵʹܹı߽һᡣǳŵԽǳص̲飬ϸ
ʮ֮ҶڱǽͷϣĸܵڵĽա뱱֮˷˰ﴫԼڳһϵȾ¥¥档
ʱ֣ԶڵŮʿߵŽ¥һ
ŮʿƿɫĶ¶һĽݣŮ棬ƵҶЦЦҶʦܣò
Ҷ۾һ£漴ָƽ˵ͷ쳤ƲδʵôֻǶˣʦأ
ںֺԪӺð˳˵Сˣӵ˱֮󣬳˳Ժ֣ûиɹһ顣ڻʹЩϵӺȻأ˵¡
εʦϼˣϼ޹ءģֻǽѣᾡֻһ൤šֻܿˡ
ҶҲΡ
˺һ֮󣬲δ̫ķϻ
䴢ȡһݴ͵ľᣬڷһŷ̯
ҶԣһۣһֽʵĵεͼעһЩǳϸҪȻ֮õĵͼһ׵ľµͼ
ûüƵͼֻܴӱ볯͢ľȡһݵͼһ¡嵭һ£ָĵΣ˵Ǳʹֱܹϼϼĵ̡֮һƬǧĴֺɽȣֻɽСͨһЩ¹ذƬֺɽȻı߽硣
Ҷһ£ָĴ֣ĵطʹܾһСģս
ŻƵĵͼͻȻָŵͼϷһƬĿհ׵طʵһƬհ׵ĵطʲôطôûκαע
ŵͼǿհ׵ĵطɫƺЩɵԽߵĻºɽ磻ߵĻԭɽ硣Ƭհ׵شºԭɽʿĻش֮Ϊ֮ء֮ڣвʵǿʿϼҲȥ
Ҷؾô˵ɽı߽ˣ൤ţ˵ºԭǸɽ磬ŲͬԴ
˵ͷ뻹ɽĵ̣˱룬Ͳˡºԭɽʿɽ磬һǾˮˮȻɽʿżԷľڣǲڶԷľռݵ̡ɽĴս
Ҷ˼ڴȺкͺʿ𹬡ƽ̵ˣӦòɽʿǴӻ֮أºԭġ
ʦ㣬֪븽һƽ̡𹬵
ҡҡͷƽ̣С൤ţҲ̫Ϥ˵һȸ˵һ£ڵɡʹһֱల£ǰ꣬һĵͽʿѰҩ;Уֱⷢ߾ɽһС͵ʯϼ׼ȡʯǴ±ܲϣй
ҶɻҪ鱨ôй©ȥģ
εӱй©ȥġʹϼһλ̫Ϊ̫ӶԴ֪һһƼ͸¶˳鱨˱й©ȥϼʿ֪С͵ʯ֮ģ˶ڱ߾һϡΪ£̫Ѿ̫ҲͶԾ
ҶԣҪ鱨й©ȥϼҲùġ
ʵϼϼ壬жǿʵ
ϸ˵ϼӵʿʿʮϼ壬ӵʿʿʮɼ൱ͻĻ˫ռô
ҶĬĬͷжʱһɼ嶼ûнʿǾͺðˡԽʿʵпʮֵļɵ
ˣڱʮһʿϼŵĵӣǿ϶Ҳ֧Ԯ˫ߵʵࡣ
Ǵôⳡͻ
ս
սǴôϼ򣿡
ҶһüͷʵɼҪ濼ǣǷ뿪ˡɽ꣬ɲ䵱ϼĴֵġ˶ϼ壬ҲѪս֮ȥ˭˭ӮûֱӺôΪðȥƴɱ
ȻЩ֮˳֣ñʹܵľսЦҶʦܿܶԴɼϰײ˽⡣ɼ֮䣬Ǿ໥սġɼ嶼иԵĹأ໥֮䲻ַ
ɼõֶΣǲķ˾ӣȥռԷĹѵзĹռ졣һԾɼ֮Ѫ
ɼɼֱӴ˫Ҫʿ˳˵Ļ׽ôᵼ൤źɽ룬ս˭Ҳ뿴ľ档ԳǴ㽫壬ɼ֮䣬ֱӴ
˾ȥռǽͻõİ취ķ˾ӣڱ߽ϽսǧﳤɽȣԵĹΧ֮ڡһȷʽĹұ߽磬Ȼ˳ռɽ֮еʯ
ֻϼҲôɡս֮ɽһĿ֮УһУԷҲ޻˵սܳʱ䣬꣬ʮҲǳе顣
Ҷضʱסˡ
Щ׹Ϊαڳִ˱ԱǶսšԭϼ壬ҪǲЩ˾ӣȥ߾ռɽڵʯ
ҶɻȻȥռ߾ЩˣҪʲô
ȻΪ˰ϼռСʯҪģǾ̽ʯжٴΣϼ壬ǵԮõЩ׼ȷ鱨֮ʦŲźǷҪǲĵǰ֧Ԯ
Ҷص̽ʯĴ
ٴͨһʯĺȣԽ࣬̽Խ׼ȷֻϼϼ嶼ǲ˲ʿڿţֹԷʿɽڶɿǼˣڻĴģǾϼΪʦһ顣
Ҷصʲô飿
һԪ
ԪӺðͷԥ˵ҡý㡢ʦڱҶʦǱܹȥ̽ϼ
Ҷ꣬ʱüͷһ壬һȥܣʲô˼
Ԫ¶һεıҡý㶼ϼˣʶǶ˵ļ࣬϶޷ǱܹȥʦܣҲѾڱĴҡͱ¶ݣᱻܵ̽ϡֻҶʦܲŸмأδ¶ݣȫαװݣǱܹȥ̽鱨ʦҵǰȻϣܹ¹͡Ҷʦܶðܹڣ̽鱨ͷһݹͷҶʦĪ
Ҷ꣬û¶κα飬ȴ쳤ƣԪˡԼڱ֣ȴȥܹðա
ԪҶûκαɫЩ㷡֣Ҫ²λҶʦܵ⣬һʮѵ飬֪ϼļ׳ҶʦαװݣеĻȫǵ
ҶڴԪˣĬˡĽܹڣ̽鱨ʵΣաΣյģǱϼʿ֣ǿɲġ
գۿҶأƺ²⵽ĵģҶʦܣֻ֪⣬ʹܹڣ֪ݡ롢ܾ൤źԶһһرһꡣϼ˻Ҫõ֤ʵҪһϡҶʦܹܽϼֻ£׶ֻ֡Ҫܵõϼ鱨ɹһ롣
ȥһ˴ܹܲܵõϼ鱨޷֤
ҶЩƵ˵ܹǵȥһˡָȥðΣŪʲô鱨쳤Ǽһڱ֣ԪҲǰȵĴڱƾʲô޹֮ˣȥðΣա
ҪðգҲϼȥðգˡ
ͨʿƴϼȡʯԴͽϼ˼Ҷؿûκⷽ뷨
Ϊ൤µĹͣԶ൤Ÿĺôࡣϼ壬Ƿһûء
꣬ȥΧҸ徲طչǱޣʱһ൤šûκιͣѵ൤Ż˰ɡ
桢Ԫɲ֪Ҷش˿е뷨Ӧʱϲ


227 ʦ
Ҷ뿪֮󣬱ǰܹڣһ˿ڲСǣÿԪԪһǱ
ϸĿǰ鵤ĽȣڵһҪһʱ䡣ڳףһ㵽㣬Ҫҡ
ٶȣھ󲿷ʿ˵ֱһ־׵ٶȡΪ󲿷ʿû㹻н鵤á
ϣһԪʺͽʿãļ۸񣬸ߴʮƷʯ֮Ҫ㹻ʱȥ鵤ÿʿһɷԪɼ壬Ҳڼ̵ʱڱľ
һʿÿܹʮ鵤Ѿǳˡ
ǶҶ˵ֻҪʯü͵ĳɱϸֱֲҩЩһҪĹԪΪ
ƳһԪԼҪȥҵƷʯɱԶԶһʿ
ǣҶкϸ޴ƣҲΨһܷ㹻鵤ʿ
൤ڣΪʸ֮Ůʸӽɽű൤õһ൱ĲҩԣֲҩʮѾܹջõ㹻ҩн鵤ȫڣ˿ȱ鵤
൤ڣʸĺʿʵʮ֮ࡣǸֱӵѪԵϵڴɼʿЩʿǱܸͨߣɵĲĶ϶ܹʮڱﵽھŲ㣬Ǳɳʿϣڡ
ʿ˵ʮʵǺܶݡ׳ʱ̤ھ磬ӶΪպȫԪӤ»
ɽɣҲвصĺʿֱӱŽڸֶȥġ
ȻˣصĺʿһܳΪʿлҪĻԵСڵƿԼС٣һѵżǺʣЩעĺʿԱӵиĽᵤĻᡣ
ҶضԴһֽȸС
ΪϸĴڣܹڼ̵ʱֳҩһʿǸЩΪܵʿȣϵƲûôԡ˵ûʲôơ
һУֻܿƴޣƬҲиԾǰ·ϣҲûһֹͣ
ڴܹǱ˼֮ҶеʯĽߡ
еʯ֮òѰʯ
ǰ붴ڵ˴ʯǴ󲿷ֶȥˡһЩһЩƷʯǴ󲿷ҲѾõõʯٶȣǸϲĵٶȿ졣
ҶضԴҲΪΡ
ʯϵޣΪһСչ뵽ڵڶľ硣Ҫ֪֮Ϊѣһʱڱһ㣬Ѿ൱
Ѱʯ֮ǰҶӵסġľеġħӰ󷨡
ʿľǿķγһ棬ӰͶھϣȻûΪΡ
Ѿ棬һ滯ΪΡ
Ҷ˫ֲϴķĶܿһ⻬ķ档
νûΪΣȴҶסˡġľؼ˼ãҶͻȻһһΧת
ҶǰҵӰӣȫȥ汬һâʼŤ͹һΡ֮󣬹âɢȥһֵġҶءĶ档
ħӰòʣɢϢΪһģһΨһȱֻûʵѡ˾̾ǣܹʶơм򵥵ж
ɹˣ
Ҷһͣ¶ľϲٴ֮࣬㽫һûþͶħӰʱ֮ĵʱԴ̡
⻹ֻǡħӰ󷨡ĵһף˵ʱһλûħӰ˵㣬ħӰϢԴﵽ˵
˺ü£Ǹóȥ߶һˡ

ܹ߾һ򣬵ǡʮǶ߹ءӶ߹سȥ֮󣬴һƬ̵Ĵɽȣ뱱ڡ
ﱾǴܹͱϱһǳأƽݳ̶Ӽࡣսһ߹ر߾óѾϾǧ̼֣߹ĳǳ֮ڡ
Դս֮󣬴ĴܾӣڣѾڻ˽ʮʱȺſ߾ͱս
ǡ
һ͢ȻͷһԾŵĳǽϣһݹ棺ܹļʦ롣
вٵֺ̼ͰգΧȥָָ㣬ЦļʦⵤǣҲˣˣʲôʱͨذ
һӻӴȥŭͨأͨƨʽֹ룬ͨвɣɢڳͨ
ڰնʱɢ
ݹڵ֮󣬵Ӧ޼ʦ˭ʸȥģǱˣʸ񡣵ĴεټѰΣֻڴܹгǳصĳǽϣϣ·ܹ
Źֽڳͷ˺ü¡
һգһֲ£òڵũ׳ųͷͷǰڳͷһһѽļʦĹʦȥӦ
վڹ洦Ĺ͢˴һۡǱ빬͢ڵڹ͢ڼٵˡǰũ׳ôôǸմӵũɳЦũҺӣʲô£
ڴеĳЦ۵ͺ͵һ𣬻̱һ㱡Ļɫ׸ǡһȭͷڳͷһڲ˵ľʯϣǧľʯһȭһֱĴ
ڴɢȥףһۣ˵ʲô£
һаһԹ¡ũ׳ˣһȭȥҲҪүðСȥӪѾۼ˲ٵʦ
ڴʱһʱҲԶжͷ£µĹʹһһ£ܹĻʦҪʲô
òͨκγ֮ɫº͡
˽ѵòȡˣҪĻʦֻҪ˱СĻʦֺüΡÿжʮƷʯ΢һʦһҲһٿƷʯս½ţĻʦҪ
һϰٿʯ⵹ǲ
꿼һ£Ӧùһʹáңܹʿڶ࣬ӦܹǻһЩõƷЦҸһȥӪɡ
ڴ󺺣𾪵ĶꡣΪ̫ͣڶ㡣ѹ˾󲿷ֵΪ󺺸޷ӵʵΪǴҲǰλʿҪ̫߳ࡣ
Ǵܹײֱɣ֪ǰôƺ
ء
ڵũҴæԭǰ
국Ц˵ͷ


228 Ӫ
ǹ͢ڳ˺ü£һļλʦ˻ˣæ˳ĴǰӪҸҶغũʿɣ˵ڵս
Ϊ˶ȡ߾ĿȨٹ֮˱ַ롣ѾǴܹ򣬹ǳĵӪڣפʮر
ǣⵤӪڲ׾ӣвٵ֮ˡ
о̶̺ܴȿ˧ıԣ˧඼׷ˡǾߣҲסйɳߵĴɱ˧ҪˣӼذɡ
Դܹ˱ֱضһЩ֮ΪʦʿҪ𱣻еĽ˧͵ŴɱйΡ⣬һЩã̽ȵȡ
Ҷں̵ܶʱڣӹ͢ĿУ֪ܹĻʦҪʲôиеЦϼܴ̽飬ǰ̽飬Ǹôһ龰
Ȼ̫ϼϼⳡһʤܣûʲôôΪǼȥ
ֻһЩʯԼѡ
Ϊһ޸ɢ޳ʿҶŸ߶ȵԾҪģǰѸʱ;רעܵǿʵ⣬Ҳи߸Ӷš
Ӫ뵤ǲԶһ˺ܿ㵽˵ӪⵤӪʮ׳ۡ͢ӪſڵڴӪš
˴ʱԶһһֻ;޴ĺͷףӵӪڽ˹
Ҷ΢΢̧ͷֳͷ׿ȥ
ͷǶݣҲǺܳһսݡΪʨͷףƽʱΪ˳һŭͷë̵ʨüΪ
ͷױϣһŮʿɫϼļһա
֮ǰҶر㷭Я鼮в漰ŵݣÿӶѱһͷ޻ݡ
ϼԱ඼ŵĵӣȻԦ档
ͷ׹°ŵڴſտһŮӺɵվڵϣҶءɶ˿ϼԱ˵ʿǰδܵĻʦδ̫ϣ֮ǰǰͶʿһЩеͽ׵ߣò
Ҷ֮󣬶ʱһæǰһʩŮǰõȣʵǱǸСŮգӭ١ǰǡ
öء
Ҷص˵ͷڵλյŮòΪ崿ɰĿ鶯ڼŮһĸСҲò绨ŮΪ̫ͣѾΪ
ԭǰǰǰҴܹʤһڵӪѾۼ˲ʿǰΪģȴָСŮʹǰȥӪ
Ŀ֮вĶҶ¶羴֮⡣
ɲֺҶء
ʿĵλԶԶʿϼ֮Уһڴ¶Ǽʿʿֻķӡ
ҶǰľԶһأֻķݡ
ҶذЦСѾͷ͵ͦģѹܼһӭ͡
һԵɣһֱûп۾ֱ㶵òգǰײֱɡ˵һ仰ɫѾ
տһۣδѯũҴ󺺣ղδ⡣һڶʿȫ־Ϳܱʿˡϴܺͱʿ֮϶ҪΪڻҡ

ǹ͢һСӵĽǮմ򷢻صȥļʦաźͷףҶУ뵤Ӫ
ҶҲһЩƣղδϸѯɵֱӴǰӪ
ӪһƬСģӪկרŹĻʦס
һСƬӪկϷͣ£ȡһľƣע뷨һɫâӪկȥӪկϷ̼һһڡ
ڴһӡ漴˽ȥ
ӪկڣޱȵտĳϣһȺѹŹֵŮʿΧʮľǰȣȭںҾơ
мʿд趷Щ͵һĻơ
ЩŮʿУűƤŶᣬ̹س¶Ķ񺮣еӡС磬еһؤģˣƤͺͷУһɵģǸϵʿ
ֵǣһȺ޴ʿȻһѰ֡
Ҷ˷ɽڵϡӪկʱһЩôҲߣһȺԻȵ˺ЩǴܹʦ
ѽµĵˣһӵĶ񺺣ɱҶص˴лǸ缸ϼ
ʿ
ӪڣҲ֪˭ͻȻʧˡ
ɲǼ䣬Ӫկڰһضü
ֵʿȻͷҶص˿˹ȥĿһ˿¶η
ǶȻ˹һ飬ҶظոһɽķٿԲղźңͷˡ
ռӪկģҶһ㵣ЩεĳҶصǰЩǰΪȭʿеһǴӴܹݸģһЩǴɢޣƽʱЩ⣬κǰЦˡ
޷
Ҷԣҡҡͷ
ϵĶûҪ̫⡣ģﶼһЩʿûһʿϼļʦʵܲôܹǰ;
˵䲻ĻӪկڵһȺʦһ˾㹻⣬Ҳ÷Ѷپ
ңողŵǾ仰Уõһֵ鱨
ЩʦΪ
ܹСɼɢޣϼķϣǰλʦЩʿ׷ġ
һǲݵʦ
ҡ
ȻҲԵĻ֮ءԭɽ硢ºɽɢޡֻԼԼ˵Ļ˭Ҳ޷׷ǵʵ
鱨ãҶؿ׵İԼڹȥ˻ɡ
ʵЩʿܹλʦֻһĿģȡʯ
仰˵ǾһȺ۸񼫸ߵʿӶ˭Ǯǣ˭¡
ҶԼΪܻʦÿٷһٶʯġȥطˡ
ϼΪӦϼ壬ߵļ룬ļʦֻҪ֮ˣ߲ܡܹ룬ȺʿӶȥʦˡ
ǰߣмλǰʶһ¡
յĴ·£Ҷ뿪ĳأӪկһûʵĴʡ棬Ҷ΢΢һڣŶθʿ̸ʲôȺޱ߷ʿЩʿˡ


229 ɵʿ
Ҷһۼ˺ЩʿĴ֮ڡ
ʿľĿ⣬̳˹ΪǿʶҶصɨδҶκ쳣˻ȥ
Ҷڽʵͬʱ̽ʿʵ
ڵθʿм䣬һ߽ʿнʿʣ˶ʿҶڶΪЩһƫµʵ
ǰԵʿڱ߾һʿԶʵкǿģЩʿм䣬Ҳ㹻Ա֮
Ҷ뵽˴һһϸȥ
ڴһ̬ׯصİߣϵļǿȻϼʿһڸ߽ףҲΪߵһʿ
ʿֱľϯ
ҲˣǴźѵʿ̬Ϊܣ໥̸Ź֣Զãż̧ͷʿһۣɫΪ䵭
ҶȻҲܴϿԼݱǣȴЩζʲôȫ²ⲻǵȻʿȫǲͬݡ
Ҷ˼ҲǼʿϼӦеĹϵļʿܿǱĻʦϼ岢ܡ
ҶʵգѾһǰߵǰҶص⣬δܹĻʦǰߵ֪ҶشܵĻʦ¶ϲ֮ɫ˼򵥵ܣѯҶص
ϵܣϵҴܹӭ֮һ£ϼĸ峤ӡ⼸λķֱԭʲİɳʦºʿԼԻ֮ص֣ұλ͹ͬʿʦܡʦܡʩʦá֪ϵĹʿԺɣ
ɢޣ֣Լλֵܡ
Ҷسλʿһһʾ⣬Ҳŵһ¡νԶʧֻἰɢޡ֣Լݲٶ˵
½󣬶ǸСĲСĹңܹǳңԶҪҵһ׵飬ûкü깦ֻﶼŪһɢ޳Ǹû취ϸ
ңѡʿһҲнġ
ô˵ɽʿź൤ŶͬԴʿʿֶ˽ĸһЩбʣҲܼʱӦԡ
ԭºл֮صʿ൱İӵʲôͨɲ֪ϸһһʲôʣʤ
һ£Ȼ벻ʲôطڣҲδ֣þһԵŮ̴ǶϲƣЦϵҸ˵һ³δܹʦĳ͡ڳʿδܹĻʦһһٿƷʯ֪ϵΪǮǷܽܣ
Ů̴ΪҶذһľϯҶصЦŮͷһھơʱӦ÷ɫ꣬
ȻⵤӪһСʱ䣬ȻҪԼȥǰӦʦ֮ˣһ£ѯʵܺͱʿ֮һټֵǧʯǮô㣿
ڣʿͻȻЦ
ֵǵһνɣ̫й棬Ҳ
ҶԱߵһŵʿǳĽ˵ʵһٿƷʯķãֻǵϵܳλʦļǮƽʱֻҪнУڼ䲻Ҫκ顣ЩʦʵǺɡȥִҪǰҪԣǮҲǿԼǷԸ⣬ȥҲԾܾ
Цؼϵ˽⡣ϼ¾ԹʲôʯоѭģöٱǶ٣һʯ
ҶضʱգǫѷЦһ治֪顣ҹȥһֱǱޣֻСɣų·ǣļʦԲ˴
ѹ֡ϵɢ޵ݣܽڣǷǳܿɹġʿЦϵܲضǣܺͱʿ֮䣬ֱӴĿԺСʲôΣաҪΣգҲϾʯٶ࣬ҲֵǮ
ʿ˵һ
Ҷؽ׹
ܹÿ¸һٿƷʯƸȺʿδܹĻʦʵҪЩʿͷ׳ܹ
ܹ˴ļʮλʿһλʿһǧƷʯ֧Ϊ޴ҲֻϼĴ壬֧
ܹƽʱҲô໤ʦֻս·ǳŵʱ򣬲ŻʱļҵսһЩʦҲ漴ȥڴܼȥ
Ҷغʿ΢֮󣬴˻ϻӣ㽥˵Ǹʿ˵һЩʲô
̸֮䣬֣ͻȻһ飬ӵϸ磬֪ܺͱ룬ΪͻȻ˱
ɫ΢䣬Ц֣ϵܣ⻰˵ͳ¹Ϻϼ˽˶Թ˵¡
ɻ󣬵û׷ȥȻ˵Ϻϵ˽˶ԹҲѯʡ
Ҷȴһ
Ȼеԭ򡣴ܺͱ߾һ·ֵСʯ˶˱߾ĿȨϢȥƺûдȥֻϺ飬Բ֣ôʡ
ţ֣ʿʵ֪ܹʲôʱս
ӳţսѾ׼˴꣬ӦڱµףὫһҵĴսǿ򡣽ʱвٻʦǰ˵أ֤ǵİȫʱвٵ߾ۼһΪѵáڿս֮ǰҴټҽһƷϣܹμӣ
ʿ׷׵ͷʾμӡ
ɽϰףʿۼһĻٰͨĽ׻ᣬ໥ƷԼòϵĶóȡеƷȡ裬˶кô
ҶȻҲμӡⵤӪʿԭºصʿ˵ֲܷƷ

ǰʿڴС˶ʱ̸֮󣬱һЩȤţ̸㾡֮󣬷Ÿɢȥ
ʿȥӵɫͻȻ߲ƣ߲һ֮ˡܕFˣʲô
棬תһʿ꿡ʵӣˡͷŵϢڸ£Ϣصļãδ
ЦŵʿԷġ֣ǻ֮аʿĺΪǮƶʶֻʲôõķʲİɳ㣬ǶأĬԣҲΪͻȻǴܹ
ʵصʿأ
ӵ˲ŶʮꡣȻԳɢޣɽ绹ûжʮɢޣӶĳɵĺʿʿϲ򡣿ɴƫƫڸԼݣ֪Ϊɣֻû֤ݣⵤӪʲô
Ҳ˵һҲΣ
ЦˣŵʿΡȻʿֵΣҪҴܣԴ׳ǵͷȥ˱˱Ļʦǿɴһһǰʿܺͱʿ̫󣬴սҪˡ
ӿЦ
ǰɣҪʯװǼ˺ü£ҲȷȥҪáֻҪսǱ߾ܹڣѱ߾ɽڵСʯᵽϼСôһսкķѶûϼ彫꣬ҲԲΪʯˡսʧ


230 ʯͿس
ҶʽδܹĻʦڵӪסס֮ҲѾźãһڡǰ㿴ڵĲΣմŮΪɣҶȫһϮûκ֮֪ϲأҲûзöװƷ
Ҷĵ˵ͷڿѩƤ̵أһŵͰİһͭ¯ð쵭̣ж֮Чסںܼ򵥣徻ʺ
ǰЪϢʲôԸĻֱӺңҾڲԶ峤ԸˣʱֻҪǰķԸıˡ˵꣬Цˡ
һ£
ҶؽסҪ뿪գӻȡ˶Сƿӵĵͽ鵤ЦҪһЩʯƿʿʹõĵͽ鵤ǰʹõģѾҪˡȥʹӪڵʿȡʯһ鵤Ϊĳл
¶ϲɫһ鵤ֵúüʯһС飬ܵõһ鵤ֵ̫ˡδȥӵƿֵʵǰֱȥǣ
ҶЦЦֱȥǵĻǿ϶ʮ־нҰ鵤ۼۿĺܸߣǲҸּۻֻۡǣδЩˡȥҽЩ鵤ʯļ۸ȥ
ðɡ
ͷ¶˼֮ɫܿҶص⣬Сƿĵͽ鵤뿪˴ʡ
Ҷشߺ£Ѱ˼µµףǳܹʿ֮ľۻᣬԼŸһЩʲôʿס
ö϶óԼҪáԼòϣŻóȥסǵ̫ͼƷҲУʿ۹ⶼ൱ĸߣû˻ҪһƷ
Ҷز鿴ԼŵƷ
ڣһϿȾ͵õĶĹͷϵӡɫСɫССӡԼԵľ۱«ϧ֮𡣻һơ𽣡Ҫɫ󾧲ϣǻȱԪ޷ơ
⣬ڻкЩҪĹؼһֱġɻŵġ󷨡йʿרõĹżڵġϽǳǿĹҪ̫ߡġľľϸߵʿʺѧȵȣ⣬һЩͨƷͽн׷ֽʯȵȡ
ЩǷϸڵƷˡľϣִһ׵׵ݡľ𸮸ϣԭϰƵ׵ػѾתһƸΪ׵ػ
ϸ쳣ǿҲҶһһǿʵƾڡǣϸǿЧҲֻһʹá
Ҷزκ֪ôһõϸڡʸܵĽ֮ᷢޣҲ˿ôһϸϸڣܹҩĿٳɳ
żеʱ룬ϸ鵤ȥôں̵ܶʱڱܳΪеߡ
ϧͷֻԺһЦҡͷԥĽ뷨
뷨ȻãڳΪе֮ǰͻ군ԭܼ򵥣ûʵԼûʵԼĲƲ
سɽҰһˣȫҵһƾɵƤһԹﴧʮͭ壬ǺҲû˻һۡͻȻɽҵһٽصĻƽ𣬶һɵȥĻǱ׼ھˣǱӵɱǱٱߡƾеһССԹǵסЩǿȡ֮˵ġҵƽĲˣһλȨصĹԱǽȻҿʲƸ
ʿЩҩʮֿɣ϶׷飬ĳҩĿٳɳġ챦ǸʱֻκһҪó֮ˣʧȥҪ׽ס챦Ϊֲݡ
ƫƫûжʵԼ
Ҷʮһ㡣
һʼԼԱԭһͷһǿʵǿʵͬʱκ˶ɡжǿʵչֶٲñʿǡ
ʿʵ˵ǼС൤ڼǵ׵ΪԸѾȥѰʯҲԸֱóѵ鵤ȥ˻ҩĵһֱ̣ͬŵʿдҩĺ鵤
ʱȥгЧ൤Ҳ֪㹻ҩĺ鵤Ҫ˵Щҩĵ·ˡ
ѾһԾΪʿʵЩڵʿûܹвڵʿҲԵ޹ʸΪѡ
ڣĿǰʵӵһЩ߽׵鵤Ҳû˻лɣΪŷʿݡһֵǮƷûУ˻ôΪʿġ
ʵǿ֮ĺô
ΪˣҶСƿͽ׵鵤գȥӵӪڵڶʿлٿʯ
Ҷ½Ƕ֮ˡ
µײμӴܹʿ֮Ľ׻ᡣóȥģҷʿݣֻƷһĽϵҩԭϣʿõн鵤
Ҷؿһ£ü׵ҩԭȥס׵ҩģʿ˵ҲֻһֵǮģ÷ʵ

֮˳ҶصڣһӵʯһƿҶأΪ˵˵ǰܹ˴ԼʮƷʯ⻹ʣʮ鵤ûȥ
ҶЩ졣ƿ鵤ֵöǮȻƿĵͽ鵤ԵǷϵۼֻۣٿƷʯܹ鵤ۼƺҪܶࡣ鵤̫ٵԵʡ
ôʣµʮ鵤ûҪ𣿡
ս͵ȻҪֻѾûǮ鵤ѡʿƽʱǮǳĿ죬㶵ʯҲܿ컨Ѿˣͷϲûʲôʯµ׵Ļʦٺ»֮лвʯǸʱĸһЩ
Ҷʯʣ鵤ЩʯѾʮ⡣ܹĵӪһˣٶʯ㹻úöˡ£ʱΪѰʯ
ȴǰ֪ܲܽʣ鵤ҡûʯҿõȼ۵ƷһЩϡ
ˣʯĶûʲôá
ҶʧЦ뵽յݣһŶˣŵӣӦöüԦ֮ɣܲʹһС棿ĻҿԽʮͽ鵤㣬Ϊꡣ
æԦŵӴСѧ֮ȻˡǰҪʹʲôС棿
ҶشӴȡһСӣ򿪣һȭͷСĺɫʯŴ۾ⲻһʯ棿
ûпѯʡ
ҶرѾʯѿһֻͨɫӨС棬ʯ΢Ż𣬺˯ȻʯѾѿ
ֱҶԴһŵĳҶصָһڵĻ棬Ȼѵʯȥ
ֻ붴ҽڵӣһֱţȴôҶΪͷۡʹ֮뽫ˣȴ᲻á
ղʱֻ档ŵӣӦÿѵ
ʲô棿
Сɵüͷ˼
ŵӣʶ㣬һʱҲ벻ʲô档
ֱֻС潫ҽڻ
ͻȻʲôʱԲ۾ȵŴָͣСǻ볳棬ڵصǰô׽ģ
Ҷؾȣǻ볳ҽһ棬Ǵҽҵġ
ռţҽСҼǵãӼŵġƷϣλеʮ˳ڵصҽ֮С
ĸҽİϲѣ׳г֮󣬱ҽ֮УǾ󲿷׳涼ܿᱻҽػֻм׳棬ҽػлҳ
˳ѾܾûڳֹˣҲǵһμҽ֮еĻ޷󣬸Ҫ˵ɳΪ档ڳϲδд
ʹֻһ棿
ҶضЩ⣬ֻһ϶ѾˡֻֻһܱܲʹĻһֱţҲûʲôô
һ£֣صĵ˵ͷӦܣֻҪ㹻ģκһ涼ܱѱÿһ棬жصĳԶǽпơ볳漫亱ҪһЩʱ䣬˽ĿسԦԦѶˣнϸߵǻۣܹӵָӡǻۼͣʱԻֻܽһЩǳ򵥵Ŀơ˿سһְ취ֱӿǵʶǣŵĸ߽Ҳ̸㡣
ʮǸ˵ŵŹ棬ƻŹ档
Ҷһ£ƽ޷ܸҿسˡܺͱĴսһСʱ䣬ʱһŪֻһĳⵤƿʣʮͽ鵤ˡ

ʮ֮󣬴ܹľӣ߾ܹɢصĻʦ½žӵִﵤӪӪѾӱ֮ޣƼʢϿܹͱΪ߽һ̣Ѿ޷⣬սһ
ʮ죬ȻšҶһֱڵӪûκ쳣ľٶûϼ壬ݹһ鱨
ûڰмһһϼļӣҲĪλʿܵĻʦܹģλʿˡ
ϼʿҶûκ춯䱸֮ҲɽиѸעһЩʿϡ


231 ˿Ԫ
ŵĿسȻΪ棬ʮĹձѾϤһԼһЩֽܹһĳйˡֹͣжȷǳ򵥵жֻһѾõѱԺҶֻҪϵķѵˡ
Ȼ볳Ʒ棬ֻ볳Ļǳһʵ֪ǰʲôãѱ棬Ҷأѯʡ
ҶЦЦδش⡣һĳ֮󣬽ѱһװһ«ڣĿռʮɣ㹻һ淭ˡ˳ȡ˼ʯû潫ڻҽ«ڡ
ÿ춪Щʯȥ조һס
һʵһʮɺʯףʮһҲƼۡΨһźǣҪʯףҪѲٵʱ䡣
ʱúܿ죬תѾµס
ڴܹͱսǰϦϼٰһƷ׻ᣬΪʿʿεĽ׻ᡣʿĽ׻ᣬڵӪڽУͲˡ
ʿĽ׻ᣬȴҰһտ֮ؽС
ʱӪѾ˶ʮʿϼˣʿˣʮǻǮĻʦֱԭº֮ء
ⳡ׻ģ󣬵Ǿۼ˸صʿҶؿһ۽硣
˴ν׻ϼΪȻȱƷ
ϼĸ峤ӣδóĽƷ̧һһͷɳ׺ߡܼҵڵͽʿͷ͵߷ųŻŵ˿
ʿվԭδۿһĻ߷ǿЩʿУҲһѣûκв֪ʲô
ҲɵĺܣȺʿɢϢѹ£Ŷ£һŤӾʹҴԶӴܡ
ܸ峤һ޴ųһͷ޴׵
˵ͨīƷǷչ͵һģϰɸ߿գ˫ࡣһ֮ĿһۣΪһɫ磬ȥ
տ֮أߺϿԶܣֻӲͷƤڵɱ
˾ǣͷ߾ȻһŷڣĹ򣬱㱻ڵצ˺˸ۼףſǣߵڵ
ڵչɵܸ峤ǰͣ£³ڵͷ˳ķڵϣȺӵķԸ
ĸëͷȥ߳ˡ
ҶɫȻδ䣬ȴ𾪡
ʿȥʿҲž֮ɫ˸ɴĽһͷ׺ߣڵҲ൱ʿʵ
дڵߣڶһǿҷǳĵս
ܸ峤ʿΪԵõЦϷѱĴ˵ΪǲѩɽһóղɱݡӷҪʮ꣬˵֮Ҳ׵ʵܹﵽڵʵڶ֮䡣峤ɣԣ˳Գս˵м䣬ʶϳˡңǿһߵۼףһץ˺ѿһԴΧɱˡ
ϼ峤ӴóһöɫߵĵѣЦɲһöѡۼһƷʯԵȼ۵ƷΪ
ڳʿղŵһĻݣȻݣʿȻĶ
ǣڳʿȴһ˿Ҫѡ
Ȼãȴһ޴鷳ֻҪɽʿ޺ݷǳȲ˵ʯۼۡƽÿյʳһʾ޴Ŀ˵ʳݣԵͽ׵ޣԼѩɽϵһϡеΪʳƵ޵ҲС
Ҫѣӷ󵽳꣬ٵҪʮꡣ
ʿ˭ʱģȥѱǵġֻɺͼʿŻѱݡɺͼ壬Ҳ̫ࡣ
Ҳһ㣬ϼڣҲݣֻмʿʸӵСöѣ׳ȥĻ᲻óԭΪν׻㹻ķϼҲͷѣĶѣֻó޷
ҶĶʯԡ
ϼʿ½ó˲нѡͷѡ׽ǹѡϼչʾԼƷʿŸԶó׵ƷұԼҪƷ
óЩƷԭϾӶࡣ
ԭϲͬƷƷֱãԽʿóԭϿɲС
ԾԭмֵԼòϣҲֻóЩҪǵʿһЩϸߵεϡʯϡľϵȵȣʿռģǡʿ׻Żóס
ºʿóһЩºɽľϵԭϡһǡ˿񡱣ľľϵȡֵƷʯ
ҶȻһ
żڵġϽУἰ˿񡱣ľϵɽ˿ϣ˿ֻǣͨ˿Ҳҡ˿ȴǧɫͬΪߵЧȫ޷ȡ
ҶغԥٿƷʯһ˿봢ڡ׼Ҹʱ䣬һ˿ܲϸлܵĻа취õ˿ˡ
Ʒ֮⣬ҶҲûƷ
ǰʿóԼƷֵ֮Ҷأó˼ҩұԼϣܹ󹺵ƷԪֻһҲС
óҩҲΪ󡣿ϧʿм䣬ʿָȻж˹ѯһ£ҶֿеƷûܽס
ҶΪΣĽҪ˫УⲢס
ܸ峤ҶԣеļҩģĿһЦʵϵܣҪԪԪǽʿ֮ɽм亱ǳĲҰ˵ҾҵԪûнʿֻ֮ҲԪ
ҶɫƽЦԪȻ־Ͳطˡ
ܸ峤Ҷг̬һĪλϵܵļ֮׽ĳǽʿԲаգ뵽Ӳ΢΢ݣκС֮ġ
ӵнʿļ壬Ƕʵɼ壬ٲϼȵġӲҶصҶֻҪһɿǿӲĺ̨ԭ׵
ҶȻ벻ӻΪһ仰룬ֻа취ԶԪѣû˭
Ӹ峤̫࣬ЦݲɵĸΪ˼֣ϵܣ⻰˵ġȻϵҴܹδܵĻʦҲҪԾ֮ꡣϵԪҵһΪ򵥵İ취Ը
ҶزŶʲô취
ӵʿ㼫٣ԪͨأóԷǳҡһƷΪѰңǾ޵ڵڵȡԪԪһԪ
ҲУ
ҶؼΪ
ӺǺǴЦвʿԪģȻС޵ڵʿԪȻ̬𣬵ǶǱԪڣ֮ͬЧѱޣڵԪ
ҶغòҵԪȻԸŹæ󹺡
ȴҡͷУϲԪͱŵʿȫˣ㡣
Ҷضʱʧ˵˰컹ûԪ
ҿԽڵԪ㣬ؼȻ϶УһʿҲҡԪϵܿԼȥԪΪ⼸ҩĵøҡ
ȴӴȡһö򣬺ЦԸҶء
Ҷؽסһ£Цá
׹
ϰԪҲԸԪȻԭġ
Ϊ󲿷ֵޣûڵ
ҳڵñȴӷһӵߣǧһѶȿ֪ϼ壬ֻҲڵԪҲ٣ȻԸ
ܼԸڵԪֻ֮Ϊԭ
ǣҶһ£ֻεĽס
ϾѰ޵ڵٱȽʿԪһЩпȥһȺӵĶߣɱһЩܴҵڵ
⼸ҩɽɼҩģҲûʲôáּȻҪȻ׸㡣
Ҷóһöհ׵򣬽ӵڵġԪĸ˹ҩĸӣʽס
ⳡ׻ҶΪ⡣һСһ߳˿͡ԪƷеϲѹ߶ϲ׻ᡣ


232 
ⳡܹʿ׻󣬶ڻڵӪıʼָ߽սܹͱı߾һƬɽȴ֣ССɽڹذЩɽǱ֮أ
УɫɫɽâҶء֣ԼһϼʿˣʿеһذڡǵִģǶʮڵʿǴܹĻʦһ˵Ǳ֤ذʿռ졣
ϼλʿóʮ󷨴죬Ҷء֣ˣֵ֣ܣ죬λڴ˴ذһͻ󷨣
Ҷغ֣˽ӹ죬ٽڹذҪ֮
Щ쳯âõĹеĹâһﵭĹ֣ذסʿҪذȹֲС
ҶЩ֮󣬲й鿴ذĵΡ
ɽվذܹڴ˴ڻʮذ֮⣬ʮӴڹذ֮ɱ
Ҷصϳ¥һ̨Źذ֮ɽȴ֣ɫĮķ˾䣬鲼ɽ֮䣬ʸ꣬ɱ죬ÿʱÿ̶дʿ
Դ̤֮;Ҷɱ٣ⳡ׷˾֮սû̫ĸд
ֻǣΪЩ˾ʿеЩֵϼϼ忪սֻȡ߾ɽһСʯ֮˵ͻΪ˱ɼʿأȴķ˾ʿȥɱЩսɳľʿҲ֪ΪʲôҪս
ղ֪ʲôҶص֮þվŹذпɱսƺЩ̡
Ҷػͷգ֪ܺͱΪʲôҪս
һ£ȻҡͷǰҲΪʲôͻȻͱ뿪սǼϲľͨûʸ롣ңҺͱгѾܾûս·ҵã޸˱ҵˣҲ֪ڵΡ
ҶĬȻ
ߵУ˾ϣάЩɼ档һϣϼϼûʲôͬ
һܹʿҴҵıϳ¥̨ŵǰǰһսս³Խǰ֣ǰǰ̹ȥ
Ҷһ˾ʿսѵҪ֮˳֣
Ŷʲôط
ʿǰһɽڡ
Ҷһ£񣬵Ҳ֪ذĺصҪزУͷտȥ̨ǴĺģҲذߵ㣬ڴ˴ͻ䣬Ÿҡ
Щŵĵͷǣǰģ
Ҷ漴׳ɽǰŵʿֱӷ˹ذǰǰɽȷŶȥ֮ĹԽʿ䣬һʮɸߵ֮ϡ
ˡ֣վ֮ϣĮǰɳǵԻ߰ʿԼڶķ˽졣ЩƺЩֲ̿
Ҷߵǵԣʵ֣֣֪λʲô飿
ָǰֵܣ㿴ʲô
Ҷسָķ򣬿˹ȥ
һǧľʿ䣬ǰһƽԡѪɱ
ľУʮǰ̻س¶Ĵ󵶾ʿһ㵭ĺ֣ǹ룬һľʿԵֵܾʮʿЩ󵶾ʿȻܼȵļʸУҲû˺ۣЩļʸ۶ϡ
ζݳ棬Ǵܵľʿܶˡ
Ҷؼ״û̫ĳԾֻüͷӦǱʩĳַֻ֮ࡣ֣û׼ֽôܵľʿҲӳϷֽˡ
ùˣЩ󵶾ʿĶ֡
ҡҡͷֵܣէս˽⣬õĲǽֺ׾ʿеһɷ֮ΪѪɷͨʿϵѪɷ٣ǳǧľʿۼһ֮ɷ൱¡ͷʹǣЩɷʿռԴȻмӳʮʿϣǲκηսʮϰٱͨķûʲôЧֵϣǧ򲻿Сֵܹǵֵպ԰ۿѪɷҲӦԡ
Ѫɷ
Ҷüͷĸˣȥʱ򣬰·ϱƽ̵аռѪɷһͷѪɷо衣֣֪ʲô취ԿѪɷ
ҡͷĴѪɷаħ֣ɼҷѿơҲ޵УϾֻǷ˵Ѫ֮ӲѪɷ̫㿴ˡ
˵֮󣬱㲻ٶ˵
֣һڵģȻҲ֡
ʿϼһ̨ŹֵľͲҶؼⶫʯڣ׹ҵĳͷ϶УԷʯسǣֻ̲Զɶѡ
̨ʯƺЩͬ£ͲĵϿһŹ󷨣ǶʯλáͲڵģǾ
Ҷơ
һʿѾһƷʯװȥϵ󷨡
䡪
һ죬Ͳһҫ۵ĺ⣬һɵ˳ȥ֮⣬ľ֮Уһ³һӣΧһƬѪ
ǱѪɷӳֵľʿҲסɵҷɺü
ͲϣǿƷʯѾȫʧ˷ʯɳ
ʿʯɾһƷʯڡľ󱻺ܹƣѸٱ㱻Ťת
Ҷص̨ʯڣЩʿæµȻԡŸոշ̨ʯڣȻһжݵʿûʲôв̣ȴİԵ
ǣ
ЦǺڣŵʦƵרսϵֻƵϡ٣ذҲôһڶѡһڣñԾͷˡ
ľ̽ûռʲôˡ
мʿ˹ͼٵʯڣɼܵʿڳ̾˻ȥðͷ
һ֮ûս˱ȥ
漴׽죬˻˹ذЩ죬󲿷ֶϼӵܣλϼ߲ʿǰҶഭһڡ

ʮգذƣս漤ҡҶԤϵʿʼûֱӽ֡÷ֽӳ־ʿúڿ䣬İ취ֻǼӽ֡
ϼ塢ϼ壬ڴսʮֿơֻҪûʿ㷲˾ʿٶ࣬˫лأΪɼսܰ൤źɾ
Χɽս˭Ҳܲ𡣡
ÿսҹҶض¥̨ȻΪ˾ʿеֵãҲòͬʵܺͱ˾ȥɽȼʯҪɼɼֱӴҪһЩ
ҶرĿ⣬ɽȡĿԶɽжʮаޣڱ鲼ʬǵɽȴڹĲɼսƷѪɷǾʿʬʲôò²
һȺͺգ
Ҷһ
һ»ʦ֮󣬱뿪ܹϼϼĳͻٽȥǶôֻҪΪɴսǶûʲô
ʦŽǲ̽СͿĴϼǷҪɵ֧Ԯ֣ϼʵ̫ǿϼӦڵľ档
ΪϼЧûдΪϼЩ죬ѾӴܹĻʦУȡ㹻úüµƷʯ
뿪ܹ֮ȥʲôطҶزδ룬кܶطȥ
ɽõšһһȥ֮أºɽԭɽ磬ȥ㷵൤űչǱޣ𵤴
Ҷؿ˿ɫѾҹˣ¥̨ڳڵסءͻȻĿһ٣һϤİӰӣܹذƮɽڼȥ
֣ҹȥɽʲô
ҶԥǲǸȥ֣Ի֮صʿвɱΪҶϲƽʱ֣ûʲô֣ΪĸߣнʿδⱾ¶Ը֣
ʱ򣬴ӳǹƮȥһʿӰԶԶĸڻӰĺ档
ˣ
ҶذԵһذеʿһҹȥǶȥ侲ĵһҲûʿ̻ΪһӰӣƮ˹ذǶˡ
ҶزҴ⣬СĵĸţʲôһֲԾ뿪֣˸٣˿϶ȫɽ뿪
֣ڵɽȴּʮһɽȵǰ棬ͣһŵͼŰ¹ۿһһ£Ӧþˣͷһ£һҧһԾɵ֮С
֮Ϣվ֣ղվ֮һۣڲףĿв¶Ũҵɱһ䣬쵰֣ͷô֪ʯ棿ȻҵˣΪܼҵİƣ㲻ãȻ·


233 ɱ
Ҷظˡ֣һɽȣɵһ£ҲԾȥѾԼҲ²⵽˼֣طܸܿСʯйϵ
Ȼ桢ԪδʯλáǼȻ߾ϣˡ֣Ҳҹ͵͵ֵطֵ֮أ˿ʯҲмֵĶ
ֻǣʼ벻ף֣ʲô֣֪һʯʯҲ᲻ߡ͵ʯʵҲڲ߶٣ҷǳױϼʿ֡
棬ٲ̶ïܵĴ֣вٷޣޡŨĵطȻ޳û
Ҷ˰ʱ˺֣ĺ棬һͷһر鲼̦޺Ȼߡ
ڣû¹⡣
Ҷóһӫʯȴֶ澹Ȼв¶ʯɢŵĹâԿڵĵ·
ҶزЦý𽣷ӼӲĶһĴָСƷʯܴˮʯĹ󣬲֮Ʒʲ
Ҷһ䡣
Ȼ£ĶϣԼһҷΧһʯ
ľʯֲΪɢڵͲʯɾѶȽϴ󡣾޴ķڣҲҪܷѾڵһʯϡϼҪⶴڿʯһ׵顣
ڣһȻĲҽС
Ҷһݣ̽ˮʯ봢ڣִӴóУҽĵطȥܿ죬㵽˶һ޴ܶӰվסСĵϢĿ⳯ܶڼĶ˿ȥ
ܶڣʿƮڰգԴ߶ս
һʿݣɫòЩϣֳַ֣һλǻѵʿ趯צɼǵ˺ۣѪˡ
Ҷغܿ콫˵
׷֣붴ߣڿȥƺȴ֣˲᲻صˡղһȻҽУȻ˷ġ
Ҷزҡͷ˵Ϊԭ֣ԸһݣһˣӰսѾѷָ¡ҪѾɲס
֣ǰһմȾѪķǧƵİ˿֣ȫΧţЩ˿ڰƮ趯ʮɣǾʱͬŮӵķ˿һģʱȴ磬룬Դ͸ʯٵİ˿ѾմȾѪɫ쳣Ĺ졣
⽣ˡ
Ȼϵ˲ٶѵİ˿Ǳ˵ķնϵġ
֣ƺŽ£󲿷ֵİ˿ֻİ˿ǣˡʮ˿Ҳæһ
֣ĿˣΪҺ棬һ᲻ⲻϷһСѣû뵽㻹ˣǵɣ
ߣ˭һأ֣Ϊ߼ǧ˿жҪɱ㣬練Ƶ顣
˲ʾŭֳһн׺צڰз趯צһХĺɫ磬סգİ˿ȫס
סǰ̵ְ֮޴ϣȣ
𣡡һͷɸߵĻɫ߲޻ܶڡצӰڵϣӡ͵һŭһһľʯӰƾճ֣֣ͷ˹ȥ
ϵн׷ʯ
ҶԶţ¶֮ɫ޻ͨǿ͵ޣҲǵצˣҷͨǳˡͷ޻צϬޱȣóԶ̵нϵڷ汸͵ޡ
Ҳŵӱʵͨϵ̶ܴͣȵ޵սСŵʿһͷ޴սһ
еʿͬʱӵͷǿޣʵֲ
֣æӳһһİ׹⳯ʯϯ˹ȥǿľʯסͬʱҪˡԵЩæˡ
֣ôһ㱾£ҲɱңʽȻ䣬һȫѹס֣Ĺƣ̲סѪľϲС
֣ʱȴ¶һЦ
Ҳ֪ʲôֳθʿܶվųϵĶˡ
ˣȫʿ
ţһʮڵĺʿҲӶ˳ڼսĶΧס
˼æЩ˿ȥеĶʿʶȻǴܹƸĻʦɳ㣬ʱʧɳʦʿǶλô
˵һ³ȥޱȡ
ЩʿҹⶴڣѵΪϼõ飿϶ǡ
˵ɫọ̈̄һȺʿӶһ߳ƺЩ׹ȵһģ֣ǰ˵أʲô
֣һ䳰ʲôȻɱ㡣ٵ㻹Ǻã֮ǰҲףǻ̵֮ĻҼҽܹĵ̣ҪһסѡЩΪʲôһʲôҲµĳɡ
ɳͻȻϵˣ֣ôϻ㻹Ҫòܽ£費Ҫǳ
أ
֣ӻͳһڵ͵ĵ˳ȥСڰըѿΪһĺȥ
δܼʱĶ㿪Ƭĺš޻֣ѸڣʱҷڵϣѪܿήҲƺԪ˼شҲû¡
ɳʿźΪɻ䣬׷ױ˿
˷һɷ򡣡֣ƿ˼䣬ŭȫټƵİ˿ӽ˹ȥ
˵ʵ֣вȻΧס־ܣǳ趯ŵצ֯һžӲͷƤֵ޿ײİ˿
Щ˿̫ˣצס˶İ˿Сʱ֮Ѿˣڶİ˿ڡ
˱˿ȫѹסɫɷףɳ˺ȵɳʲôܼҵءˣɽԭºǰ㶨սԼԭºʿǵɽأؽɽ֮սһ޴ĺƽ١ĺƽ٣ܳܵġ
ɳƽˣЦ˵ĲɽȷһսԼǣǰ飬ҽɽ硣ԼУɲ֮صΡ֮غɽ翪սĻɲԹԭºʿ̵ӵģܹҲԻ֮صռ졣
˶ʱȻ֪ԼǱɣ֣֣ΪɽʿЩ֮صаɽĵ̣һḶʹĴۣɽ磬Ὣǻ֮أΪҽ
֣Цʶ
գ۹˱ټƵİ˿͸顣ڵԪҲһͬ͸
󣬼λʿӶϳһȥʿ˺һڶڡҶǶ˵˺۽αװ໥ɱ֮һͬ
ܼҵһʿҵһʿͬʱɽڣɼ벻ⶼѡϺϻƴ֮ٽɽ൤źŵսɽ緢ڧǴ꣬ʰоҲ١Сӣô
֣˵ʬף¸Ц
ҶվڶڵһӰĬһĻ
ϳʿϼʿķΣҵһĳԱ


234 վ
Ҷð⣬ԭΪֻ֣߾ϵСʯ̰Բҹ߾ɽ֮Уȴû뵽𺳵顣
еЩɽ֮Ĵս飬þȥġһãֻͷʣ¡
ֻǣԷʿڳͨˣʶ̽ﷶΧκζҶؾ뿪ҲⱩ¶ԼκϢ
Ҫ뿪Ȼ֮󣬲뿪
ָ֣ʮ̵ĺʿܼҺҵʬαװһ֮󣬱ͬɳʿһ뿪ߡ
ߵʱ֣˵һʮϧ޷ʯߡ
ɳ״̲˵֣ϼϼѪսɼʵ̵֮ĵ̡ôɶУ㻹ôһô
Ժ飬˭֪ء
ɽĵ㹻󣬹ԭʿºʿ֮صʿϷˡԭɽ磬سŵǻ֮صʿ
ɳƽ˵
֣ĮЦΪȻԭºʿȻֻ֧֮صʿȥʿʵû֮صʿǹʹȥ̽ɽķӦ
ԭºɽʹѾãıռɽĵ̡ɽʵɽʿԳ̡֣
ȻУ֮صʿҲܵõһĺôǲٴڻ֮أȻܾԭºʿġ
һߵ˶߿ڴɳͻȻͣ½ŲŶϵһĴָСӶɫ㵡
ɳʦô𣿡
֣ͣʡ
ɳüͷָŶϵһСӣͷʵ֣ʱֻ˶ˣû˽붴ڣ
֣ɻûаϷֻ˸δֻˡɳʦʲôԾ
ɳƶɮǵһʱ֮ǰ붴ʱﻹһˮʯǶڶڣȴˡ֣˶˽ʱӦûжˮʯĻɣ
֣Ϸ˶ֱ붴϶ûжϵʯǷһʯϷ㲻ˡ
ʿȡ
Ȼ˵ʿΪɵԵʣԺ÷ǳˡ·ʲôط·ĵطһʲôСƷСϸڣͨû˻ȥǡϾÿҪȥôطǵס˵СڣҲ۸
ǣɳֻǴһΣȻǵһʯͬѰܲǾȡ
ҶڶڣŶ߿Ⱥʿ̸յĲҪײǽֻ뿴ʯƷʣŴӶһСû뵽⣬Ȼðɳ
֣ɫ΢䣬ͷһ£ͻȻϷصĹذһʿƶӹذʱֻ˸ں档ذڻһʿˣҲ᲻
ɳЩӡʿڶΪᣬ·ǳ͵ǳƶɮҲҿ϶ǲ
ذڣֻʵˣһܲƶǴ˵Ļҵжܻܿᱻй¶ȥ
֣ɫϾ
ʿɫΪ֮һ䡣
ΪϼϼɱЩ˾Ĳ߻֮ãʯܼҺҵɱȴؼʱ̣ȴ˷һǾ⿴ġ
ǣ˵Ҫ鱨ֻ֮Ѿ뿪׷Ҳûط׷
˻᲻ỹڶڣ
Բ󡣡
Ҫ̴µıˣ߰ɣ
Ⱥʿʮֵ䣬ܿ죬ǸͷųԶŶȥ

Ȼ棬ģϢ
ҶȻܶڵʱûκζһ񾭣иҲٰڴϡ
浹ù
Ҷԡ
֣ɳڻʦȻԻҡԭɽȻıôϼϼ塣һʿűĻʦƣֻǱ뱱̽
ȷȺʿѾ뿪֮һ㣬ȥ
㾡ȥһˣ֪ͨϼ壬൤ŵĸ߲㡣
ѾܡɼһСʯĹ򵥣ǣɽİΣܡҵĳͻֻСѡɽңʿ֣൤ŵӣҲûʲôùӡ
Ҷطڶ߿ڴʮɵʱȴͻȻȻͣסǵϢĶ档оһɷǳΣյϢǱ档һ߳ȥӭıض
壡ղȺʿû뿪׼з
ҶĿ¶â
ַʱ١
ûзֶκβԾĵطҲûʶȥ̽ĴǷˣȴһǿҵĲԾо
ղȺʿҿ϶ǶһȺ鼫ϵƻʿûжԶ߽κѲ飬ֱȥ˵Ƿ뿪ĻֻαװΪ뿪ѡ
ԼֻҪһСģɱ
Ҷ뵽⣬ĳ˻ȥ׼ĵĵȥ˿ȺʿɱżӦǲŶԡ

ȻȺʿޱȡ
ĴڣϢֻŶڵʿǹһʱûд
ٵĺʿЩɣⶴڸûκʿ뿪Ļóˡ
ǣɳ֣ʿȴȫΪ
ǵɫĳء
ǸҶһҲûзֶԷʲôطЩʿľ鼫ḻֻƾһЩ˿ֵֶܷĴڡ
ǵҲͨʿɱȡ
ղҶس쵽ڵʱ΢Ϣ֣̱Ƿֻ֡ǣǶ̫СˣŸոðһ˿΢Ϣûеж˻ȥٶʧҲûд
ʮֿ϶־Ȼڡ
֣еĻѶԸɳʦ㿴ô죿
ֳַ֣۾гɱĶĶߡɱɸоһɲСѹļѣ˿Щ֡
֣ɳʵ
ɳ˿ɫصǲܵȥϼϼʿÿ賿ʱ򶼻Ѳһʯ󶴣Ƿﲻס׼նɱڶڣȥĻᡣ

ҶǱڶڣ߿ڴһȺϸ΢ĽŲȻ׼붴ΧüͷǵȲҪһɱ
ȥһ߿ʶ̽ȻڵĵΡ
ȻܶԼʮ̫󣬵ҲԲСܶڵθӣЩʿҪӶסĻȺʿͳ˽ѡڶ߿װ׸ɵһʱ
Ҫʿʮʿܶҳɾ¡
Ҷ붴ڴʮ˵ʮʿϰʿһ븴ӵĶߣˮɳӣ̱ʧӰ١


235 ħӰ
ʿƶɮһضڣʯΨһһ·⣬֣ء¡Ǯʿ˷ΪĸСӣʿ붴ϸȡǰ콫ҳ
ɳͳɳƵָʿжȺʿм䣬ΪߣҵλҲƺߵһλʿİš
ĸСӣһСӲһʿ᲻̫Σգ
ߣʿ׶ѡһΪߣֻҪƬ̣Χ˱Ըϵɱûôʱ䵢飬ĸСΧܾ콫ҳ
ðɣ
ʿ飬ܶڣʼѰ
ҶϺޱ飬һ㣬ʧڶ߿ڵӰٵȻߵȥöԷҪķΧ󣬴ӶС֮ļ϶Լͬʱ⵽һȺʿΧ
ͬʱҲڿٵѰ˼ŶԲߡ
ʯϼϼ֮أΪ˱Է͵ʯ϶ᾭǰ鿴һϺϼʿǰ϶һȺʿͻôһܽ뿪
Ҷ޷ȷϺϼʿʲôʱܵһ㣬һȺʿͬϺϼʿ֮ǰʱĸϵĻСʯڣɾͷǳΣˡ
ԣ뾡취뿪Ȼ߲С
Ҷرˣܿ죬Ƶķ֣ԼѾߵ·ˡ
ùǣԼ˸š
Ҷгʮ˪ӣܶڿʼ塣ֶ׾ʿʵûʲôЧסʿȫԵġ
֮Ҷ侲һһķħӰ󷨣ܿ죬ǰһ֮γһ⻬ķⷨڣȻӰһһģһҶء
ţʼΣûΪΡ
СĹҶѾ󺹣֧ŷÿһѹϾҪһɢʿϢĻӰɲһ׵顣
òףڻûɹҶ漴չ
ʩչħӰ󷨣һɵķ
ʱȫһҶأֳһ𽣷վܶڡҶԼҲֱ治ħӰԼʲôɢϢֵķһģһġ
ǣɷӳûΩΩФħӰֻһŷԼҶʶпƲС
ңҶطħӰ̫ԶʶķΧ޷ơħӰܹάֵʱҲһľԶ
ħӰոɲõķҪסҪСԽ֪Խá


ͻȻһ
һͱ뺷ĺʿһ浶СĽǰУһ˪ӣ̱ʮ˪֦ȫסѲ
Ǳ뺷ʿĻɥǣǰ棬վһʿ⡰ʿֳһ𽣷Ц
ǺʿŻˣ˸ղŲҽһ⣬Ҷһʿʿһ
ʿ֪Ϊʲôδֻ֣վԭأЦ
ʿһģʿ¡ʿ¡һ㶣¼Ծգ۹Ѿϵֳ
¡Ͱɳص˶ԭʿΪʿеףֻһΪ
˿ԼİȫʿҲѡҿ϶ֻҪƬ̹ܶطѰʿ
ɣ
¡¸һЦеһɳŨŨĹһӣŹǰʿֱ˹
ó¡ϲǣʿվԭأȻ۾ûգһ£ʹ𽣳浲ȥ
¡üƲסĿϲ漫ͨķһմȾϹϵ̻ᱻȵҲᱻ𻵡
ǣʵЩһ̳ȥĹ棬һ͸ǽ𽣣Ŵ͸ǡʿݺݵĺڶڵĵϣһӣǸʿȻġšֻϢࡣ
¡Ȼʲô
ڳ¡ôһµʱ
ûܿʱһ䰵Ӱıһʯͷϳ֡Ӱһâ
ꡪ
¡ĿɿڴĿԼؿڣһؿڳǻһ޴Ѫ¡ĵĻͷȥһʿվɴɫĮĿ
ղǸǡӰǰˡ
ǳ¡ǰһͷҲŪףôΩΩФӰȻ޷ֱ١
Ҷؿŵϵʬ壬ЦһУɫС˻ǰĴУֽǸ˹аҲСմȾȻаҲֵòǮ
ʿʱŸոոϵѾ˵ĳ¡ҶأĿкȻ˪סĺʿʱѾɪɪ
ҶɨһۣһҽУ϶ʬ塣
Ǳ
ġħӰ󷨡˵ĺʲôľ󷨡˵ĲǸԼһӰӡ֪Ļ׾ҵӦԵİ취Чʹ󽵵͡

սֻķ˼ʱ䡣
ȻСӵʮʿҵķըϵֳʱǿĽԲ˫Ŀ㵶ĳ¡ߺʿʬ塣
ʬ壬ǵı
սֳϿ̫ɾˣȫһ˵ϵһ⣬û򶷺ۼ¡ʵǿɺôҲʿȥȻûܳŵǼʱϵ
֣£һ³¡ʬףֺܽƻӦǴӱͻϮ¡ʱ򣬻ܳԾôƭ¡ģ
Сĵ㣡
СӼɢѰһΣǲ̫ѰٶҲ

ڵʿΪ˿հյʱ
ɫӰӣԼĳ򶴿ڣҶغƵħӰ
ʹһСֶΣЩ붴ڵʿȫȥˡԷܹʿڶڵѾˡڶ߿ڴʿѾ͡
뿪ʯߵûᡣ
ħӰһ棬õ࣬ɢϢҲ½ֻڣҪҶسŴһ뷨ȻָԭҶΪϲ
ɳĿվڶ⣬ͻȻеһɱ
ŭ˫ۣһзȣһϴɫŭ𣬡ʯǰĵ棬һҵ𶯣һʯɣʮɵХų˵棬˶ǰ
ŮʿҲһԣ˫ָзɿ䣬׶һһ޴ı׶ǰͷϿգѾʮ֮ࡣһȫͷųȥ߳ڶı׶ַΧ֮ڣ⡣׶Уƻ֣Ҳȵļٶȡ


236 նɱ
ɳһֳַȣңңٿǰʮɳϷʯĶŶߣȴŶǹԽԽɱ
üͷһԵʿȥƺЩҲ׼֡
ǶʿмΪߵʿκһ˳֣ɵһʿ´ࡣһֶԸһʿδʧݡ
ɳĲ˵ɳ㲻Ҫҳ֣
ɳΪƶɮΪòһʿֻҪһԿžˡܼҺʿɽȣ£ҪǸƶɮƶɮɽ磬δʿֱӽ֣Ҹ˶һһʿʵ
һԭʥŻʵȻʿ֣ҲֱˡòҲò֡Ѿ֪ǵıѴ˸ɵǵıŲй¶ȥ
ߣ
ɳûٶ˵ʲôºɳʿżߵıϵҲԸ
˵䣬һʿ˶ߡɳڶڵǰ϶ʱһأ͵һת򶴿ߵ󷽣ͬʱеĽâɳΪɽ̤ɽҪߡ
Ȼ㣬ʿֻܼĻʦΪҪ£˵ش̽ܣ£ƶɮҲᶯ㡣ȻԼԹƶɮºˡ
ɳ۾зһӣڰʯХųҶء˹ȥӰнҶȫѹס޷
ʯʮɣӴһ˦β㽫һƬָɨɡ
Ҷءٶȼ죬ޱȣɽеͿռɡٶȺԣԶһʿȫﵽн׵ˮƽʯ˦βɨδ
ɳЩҶεüͷһŷȣ׷ȥ
ת۹Ѿɳ˰֮⡣
΢һͬǾȣ֪ˣʿֵʱ򣬱㽫ʮ޴ı׶ȥסڡ
ʩչǴΧĹȫǹӳΧ
ţҪҪ׷ȥֵʱͻȻ㵵򶴿߿ڣ߿ڴʱٴγһʿʿղǸߵȫһģһеĽ𽣷մЩѪڿ϶֮¡
ôһ£
㾪ޱȣЩףôʿѵǺ˫̥ʿ룬һ⳯̽еı׶ֱӳڴ˹ȥ
ҶаħӰֻǰһнʿɳˣʿվڶڡŮʿΪֻǱȰɳԵһѡ
뾡뿪˵زУⶴļʿ֮󣬿϶Χ֮еĻûͷȥֵЩʿķΧ
Ҷ뵽˴׳𽣷ס㣬ͬʱͭ׳ǴһɣԼȫס׶Ŀ䡣
ҶظЩʮ޴ı׶Ѿִ䡢䡢䡪ʮ׶ͭӸըѿ汻ըӣ߿ڴȫһıסͭӱѹס
ʿһѹסҶĽɫɽҶرס¶ϲɫԥһı׶ΧϵĳǿͭӼȥͭӳ׸ǲ˫̥ʿ
䡪
տı׶ͭϣͭӴҡΡÿһ׶ͭ϶ὦտϵС
Ҷǿнͭӵǰȫ䷨ͭӲǴ󣬵ŽϺı׶д˿ޱȡ׶ǳ׷ҲǱϵ򵥵һ˵׷󣬵ʩٶȴǼ졣߽׷ͨϴ󣬵ʩٶҲú
ʿӲǽһ򵥵ĳ׷˼ߵȴų׷ļʩٶȣת˲ͷųһɳı׶
ҶزòҪ̶ȣֻٵϰĹ򣬷ʹһ׷СɰҲûֵ˼ֹϵصĺ׶Ҫʵı
뵽ҶһĴɳһɫɽӭǣ˹ȥ
ʿһдһһ޴ıܣֵǰɫɽײϱܣһ½ѡʿʮܣŽɫɽֵס
Ҷ۶ûգһ£ɳһһѴΧȥıܷ
Ŀ¶һ˿ңҶؽӶĴЩӦдҴҴһıܣֵЩĹ
ҶһЦȫһϡ
ˣ
ΪһɳƵͭӿӿ͵ײ㡣֮׶ܷ׷ըѿ
ʧɫתҪԦߣϧĲҽһһţֱӱ˹ȥӰ׹
ҶһӣһâһâӰսɹ͡һʬصˤڵϡҶһٵеķԶҳһƬĴֿһۡ
ʿ֮󣬱޷ʶȥٿħӰʧȥƵħӰ޷Լж
ɳѾʯʧȥҶʶٿصħӰɵԼϵɱֻǻһӰѣյļԦȳ˹
ڣҲԼֵĺȻЩԶֻҪ̵ܶʱ䣬ڵʿܳ
ҶﻹҳɣһԾϽɫɽ߷գۼ䣬Ϊһâڵڻ谵£ȥɲһ˺ʿֻȥϼĴȺʿ˶лⱾϼ鷳ǽҵʿȥˡ
ˣܣб±ƶɮһ
ɳں棬̤һɫȿ׷˻ŭ׷ϡŭҲûãȵķٶһ㣬ɽ죬Ҷزϵ룬ӽɣɾ롣
ڶڵ֣Ǯʿصڴŵĳ˶ߣѾɵʿŭޱȡֱ׷׷һİɳ
ֻʮ̵ĺʿڱ߾ɽڣոɵۣûⱾ·
׷ˣɳ˵
ɳʦٶ˿ֻ׷ϡ֣üͷ׷ϱʾɡ
׷Ҳ׷Ҫӵֻй¶ȥҪ˴¡Ҫɱʧģ̡ڱʹ˷ˣҪǱ൤ź֮أǻкùӳԣ
ɳ˻
֣Ĭһ£ͷǮʿ˵Ǯϵܣʲô취Խס
ﻹмŷзӷٶȣ
һδԵǮʿӻͳŵɫн׷ֽ˳ȥֽ˵ķзϣ̷⣬˵ٶȶʱһأʼǺҶصľ롣
СӣϷŪƶɮƶɮɱ㣡
ɳȵѾȫȥʿݣֻҶնɱ޳ܵΧнʿ϶ʿȥһʿҲ˲á


237 Ѫս
Ҷغܿоľ޴ѹƽаɳĽкͷһֻʿȻһʱһ
ҶһڴϳһԾ޴ѩ͵һġƾճʮ֮⣬һι
ԭڵĵطһɫâһ໡նһðܻķֽһ޴ʯԼͬʱУըɫâ
Ҷػͷһۣһ亹òóľ
׷ںʿͬʱԴһȴһգ鶼ɳˣͬʱһƿ
ΪʿȻϵ׷ƿĿ¡Ȼֻ˲ʮɣѾһʿշתŲԼƶԡ
ɱҶأǾϰݣϴͷҶء
ѾΪɱڣͬʱҲΪ˱סǵ档н׺ͳʿ׷ɱһʿǵûɱԼⷽȴ˶ҪǴȥĻֻûɽȥ
Ҷнп಻ڼѴϵƷȫˡʱйһڵƣάԼķĿġΪӦ˹ĵķȻҪ˶ࡣҪдƣֻ֧ŲҪĽ߶
Ȼɳ֣֪ŴƵĻԻޱȡǿûôԲ䷨ġ
ҶشڻһõķֽΪ˱ֻܲҪǮһĳҹȥ
ϵĸֺ¡ըһĻ򡢱׶У׷ٶȡϧеĶһЩͽסн׷ֽ˴һС鷳ѣ޷ǻˡ
ҶеɱﵣηģǿڻסͭӡͭżԵĻѣһ˲佫һʿѣȥ
Ȼˣһͽ׷޷ʿѣ̫áԼһʱ䣬ʿƾתķԶѣѹΪԽߵʿԻѣĵҲԽǿ߽ʿֻѣЧѾûʲôá
׷ᣬҶͻȻӣ׷˳䲻ĺһȥеˣ׹䣬ֻİɳûлȥҲֽŷ飬
Ҷشϲץסᣬңңһӣһ̹â˽ɱȥ͡һѪɽİأ촦˴ɽֱɵĵ׹䡣
ôһСĹѾߴ߷ɣʮ·̡

˶ĵؽ磬ѾǱľӪصϷʱгǧı˾ʿڳҹŷߣŴܹľ͵Ϯ
ʿͻȻֻ谵УҫޱȵĹâϵ棬лɫɫâգЩâ໥׷һâͻȻ׹Ȼ
ˣڶ
Ӫضըڶľʿ׹ĵط˵ҵµƷǿ亱汦汦׸볯ܵ͢õһһҲòĲƻ

ҶնأҪ˲һʱ򣬰ɳѾȫָ˹һʯƾճ֣Ҷȥײɫɽϣһ°ѷɽײƫ
һ飬֣ǮܿѹԿƷҶٴչ׷ɱ
Ҷذһϧ
ɳĿ¶ǵĿȣͭӣͷֻҪõĺãǳǿΪƷҲ㹻׷ɱȥ
ǿķֻҪʹü֮Ҳᱻҵ㡣
ͭӷҲˡ
˺ܿ㷢ֻ֣ܹͭӿ׼ķʿӿڶ׼ģЧǳģᱻѣֻҪɢֳа㲻ͬʱСκһУ˼ʱҶûκλɱǵĻᡣ
ȷ԰ɳ֣˵ķḻޱȵĶ飬ױ㷢ӷڣѸޱȵӦ֮ߡ
ǣҵͭӵ㣬Ҷûޡ
෴ԽԽľһǿȵ̰һȴ̲סתͷӵͷԭܼ򵥣ΪҶزֻӵһںܻѣֵͭӣһܹʩչƿ
еһƷ㲻úһЧȴǿ
Ҷ˫һģܹһ˲ʮ֮ڵκһطͭӵĻѣ˲ɥʧսֱһɱƷϣ˸еĿֲĴڡɵУûκζ赲Ҷصķɱ⡣
һҽУεùǮʿͰɳ֣һС룬Ҷץסһ϶˲Ƴıһٽĸ
֣ðЩóȻ׷ɱ˴ǰ߾ʯߵʿ֪ѾʿĸʣµͰɳˡǶ˴ʱҪɱʿǲܵ顣
ܹʿ׷УǵԼûɵĸʵԺ˾ηҪ֪̣ҲֻӵʮʿѣԶ൤źĴɡʿһܸ֮ɵʮ֮һʵɷǲǡ
̲ҺɽĴͻԲϺϣɱ൤šŵɴ̺ô
ͬԸǰλʿһǿʵɷʿΪУֵݶûŪƽһǿУʵЩ޴
֣һˣѾǿҵ⡣Ҳûиɳкͷߡɱʿͼıʹܵ飬϶й¶ȥѾûҪȥ뾡쳷룬ȥ̽ӳСڰɳԭɽʥŵһʲôϵסʿźߡ
֣תߣɳƿڴ˼ﻹϼð׷ɱҶأҲתͷȥԼҶضɱղŵһѪսѾмΪɵʧġҪɱɷǣʥҪʮĻС

Ҷؼ֣ɳͻȻ˶׷ɱݶȥһķѾף治ֶ֪֧ǿȵĹ
ȻѾˣҲȥ׷ɱǶˣӵȫĵطָźáüʿΧ붼Щ¡
ҶػΪһɫĶݹ⣬ʧڱʡ
ͬʱҲôֱϼ棬ϼĸ峤ӣҹ˵ʿɱַŸ൤ţʿͼʿҵ
ϼϼδ߾Сʯ൤źŻӦԻ֮ءԭºʿ֣Ͳܹܵ˵ġ
׷˺֣Ѿ֮̽鵽һҪ鱨ϼһæ൤ҲѾ㹻Ľ
ʣµԼжרĵԼʵ
ҶȻδμӹսǺɽսĲпᡣ
൤ڵĸֵ伮֮УϹŴսɽ֮ɱ¾ÿһδս֮󣬶ǧʿҪǧָܻԪ
еɽ磬ѪսԶʧ
ԭºɽ֮䣬Ѿǧûзʿ֮սһβҵɽսУɽԵҲԭʿݻٹڶֱš
Ҷؿ伮ɽսмɵ
һпɽսȻȺĽʿʿսһ׵ʿֻ¼ȥҲǳǰڻҶѣһСľɶ
൤ڵʱܿսȫǿʵ


238 ɽ
ҶڱշʱԶ˱߾սڱһעƫƧɽСʱΪ֮ء
˷һͨũҶѻĲݶϥĿϢڵķϢŷתֱϵĴɫ˺Ѹʧڵĺȥ΢ɫҲָ
Ҷںʿʱ򣬱ܼı׶ֱۡ
Ϊơ
ʿı׶ٶ̫죬̫ܼһըѿִΧ޷ܡ
Ȼ˽ջ֣Ҳ뾭Ĳᣬ˷ټ̵ʱڣӻѣʿնɱֻӱ³
ҶغԼʵӵǿѣĶ֡Ͼɵ·ϲʮѣǷ񣬻ǷľͨϣܱȵЩʮ꣬ϰʿֳµ̲Ĳ̡̱࣬
ȡʤ̶ܴȿӡ
ͽ׷ӵĻѣЧʿϵıЧʵ֮ͬЧѣֱɥʧжֵжֱֱס
ʹӣٶȿ죬һ¾ͱѣסǱѣʱҲǳݡϵıҪöֱסҪࡣһסöֽϳʱڽӲ
ʿڶǰסȥ·Ҳû뵽һĻѣűһٻɱ
Ҷڶʱ΢ˣһֱɳ֣˾ס޷ڵĺֱڲпڵĺ˵ƣůӣ˳ָڿɺԵķ
Ҷشһ
ںʱżȻٰɳ̸ɳݵʿԭºɽ磬Ҳͨĵλ
ɳƺԭɽĳһҲ൱൤һеȵλʿɳϵĵλҪͺܶ࣬ʿͨȥִиʿ֪ʲôˣǵλҲûߡҲ˵һɽ֮俪սεʿױϡ
ҶؿЦܴΧӳЩȡɡǶǿУԼֶζĥ͸ˣδôˡ
зһĴʬʰȡġֵķ侫տ뿴ôҲΨһðȥʰȡһ
򿪴ʶ̽һ¡
ⴢʯǳ࣬ѵļʯһЩΪıʯⴢھȻҲв٣ǧƷʯ
Ʒ٣ֻԭϡؼҲһᱡġϵȫ˷ʱĲĵá
Ҷؿ˷ĵãΪʲôĴ˶ʯ
ʯǿٲĵķʯõԽ࣬ʩչȻҲԽ죬ʩٶȺܵõ
ʿ󲿷ֵĲʯڷ
ܹһ׵ı׶뻯ĵز̶ܴȾǿʯ
Ҷس˼ãĬȻ
ԼʵһֶΣĸֶΡ
ֶΣȻɼҹͨԪԪΪΡΪʿʿĶ֡ԪԽǿԪҲԽ
ֶΣǸֶΣȵȡ
鵤öԪԪΪΪΡ취ܡաҩġҩľǮԽãԽߣԽֵǮ鵤ʵǵǮ൤רֲҩĵĴɣǼ主еʿѳõĿ鵤Ϊ
øٵԼսʵȵҲһֺǿĸֶΡҲãҲã𻵣رս෨ôǿһ˾ûˣѰķáҶصӣƽʱʹãΪ˱⵽𻵡취ܡաʯԭϣҪ΢һЩ
⣬ǿ̶ȣҲһսʵİ취취ںܼѣҽչԿټЧֻԽԽ죬ʱƣʿԽԽ취ֱӡաǮȱʯʿҲԲְ취
һרž޷ʿɽʵв١ֻҶغ
λºʿֻһ׵ı׶ͱƵȺͽ׷һɱӡԼãȥ֮жֲ
Щѱޡʹ÷ֽ󷨵ȵȣ෱࣬ʿʵ
ߵԪͨܳʿʿꡣһĻ˺ڣɻԽԽǿɽһķֻûжʿֵס
ҶװŴʯĴ뵽˴ǲ¶һ˿Ц
൤óڷϲó
Ҳֻʵʵ鵤Ϊ
ɲʦţһվҪ൤ȥʱ⻹ǻɽɽĳͻȥΪͷʹġ
ʱ䣬ҵԼʵİ취УǿҪ
Ҷؿ֮գ˷֮뿪ɽС
һݴ桢Ԫ︴׾õͼµķλֱܷ
ͼעһɽɽڱı֮صıԵ
ɽɫӿɽҺҽڵͼϱΪɽֻ֮ȥٷܻŽ˵ޣǳΣա
ȻΣֻ׷˶ԣ˵δء
ҶҪȥҵɽѰޡ

֮Ҷشִﱱ߾ǰľס
ƬɽǳĿϵһƬɫǧﷶΧһ߼ʡɽ壬ðŨ̡رǺɫɰң͹вٵ֣֮صס
һȱ˵ĻϢ֮ĸоֲͨ޷ֻлϵֲܴ
Ҷ¶ϲ֮ɫһͷɽ˻ɽеһСɽ֮ϡлĵط϶лϵ޳ûҪġ
żмԪ𽣡ķҪǧɫϵ󾧡ʿ𡢽ʿԪԪ
ɫ󾧣Ҳ׵ػ𣬿ԴʿȱľԪҩĴӴܹϼлһԪ
˵ϵ޵΢ԪʺϼϵԪ֮С
Ԫɼҵ伮мһǿķԶͨķҪڶʱǿԼʵֶΣƳԪõİ취
ȻҶزδԪܱԵǵϹԪӤʿϽƳ磬һԪĽʿԪʿԪ϶ǵͼƷ
ֻӵһԪҲͬ׵ʿǱӡ


239 ƽ̵
ɽ˻ɽǴѷ죬Ժ˼û
ĳɽɽ£ʿɰҵϻߣȵǺ濾ĺ䤱вͣıԹš
ҸطЪЪɣӵģط̫ˣӿˮϵֶסҪٲҵطЪһ£Ҫлˡ
ӰѾɽЪɣǱ߱ЩǱϢɡ
Ƕǻ֮أƽ̵ڵӣǧ󵨡ֵѲߣɽתƣֹ֮ɵʿɽ
ǰһʿպСֲţΪǧЩݣոɱ۹µżת£мֽթ֮ɫ
һΪԼթΪԼıĻǸɴµĲϡҪǲȥһ£ǾͰ׷ıˡ
ɽĳСɢޣ׸˸ùһеȵɼ壬ΪʵҰı߻ͼı峤֮λ峤ײƣüĵ׷ɱ֮á
գǱӵ˻֮أƽŰ
ҲͰˣһеɼ壬ǧء岻峤ʧү𴦻ȥ
ƽ̾Ͳһʿɽڻʮʿǰ;֮󣬺ǧĥţô棬ԼлһչͼĻᡣ
ϧɽ̫п̫ʵһΪߵΪ׼ֽײ㣬ƽҲ⣬˿ıֻ߲ΪıĻٸߣںƽûжߵĵλԡƽ̺üˣ涼ûмҪ˵һչͼ
ǧߵǣƽи߲㼵ĲǣȻѲӻʲôˮụֻ̂нڵλ͵ʿŻᱻֻ
ͺǧһͬѲߵһλڿĴ󵨡³㣬ΪȺǧһЩλȻҲ͡
󵨻Ǵ󵨣²ô࣬ɱģʮʿʮǰΪ̰ͼʿĲƻɱĳʿû뵽ʿΪ⵽׷ɱ֮أѰӻ
ɽҲֻл֮زʺµʿ
治ףʺĵطʲôѲߵġÿγѲߣӰûȰǸȸ̧ͷһۣɽ廹бԹ˵һʿɽȵĵر·̣оЩԲ
ôϻɽǺƽ̵ĵ̣ûѲߡʿô֪ǵĵ̣ǧû˵
˰ɣɽʲôõģ͸Ľɣֻ˼ҶҪǺƽ̵ĵҲٳطҪ˵ˡҿǸɴҸطЪţֱӻؽȥˣʡĻ
һҪбĽʿأ
ڻ֮صĽɣŵɽǿ⣬˭˼ɽƽ̣ҲʣЩΪͽ׵ʿ￴š涼Ѿȥɽ磬ǻ׷ѾѲɽ
ǶʱͻȻһɫâһͣһ£ɽ嶥ϡ
ǧһ㶡
ǵâʲôϵı߻ʿòѲɽ״Ǿһ񣬼æɽϷɱȥ

ɽϣվһֿؽ𽣷ʿ
ǸոյִɽҶء
˽𽣣ŲɽȥţҪ￪ʼ޵ʱ򣬲ɽڿٿһǧ󵨶ƽ̵ӣɽ±
Сİݼǰ֪ǰҺƽ̻ɽʧԶӭ
ǧҶأдһͻӲͷƤǰʩ񣬲˿ͨʿֱӴշɹ㡣ǰλʿôͻȻɽͣ£
Ǻƽ̵ˣ
ҶؿһǶ˵ķϵıǣƽ˵ǰͼƽʿǵķһɱǡԺƽ˵϶УҲûʲôøСɽںƽ̣м⡣ҶʶɨΧֻƽ̵ʿ
СĶǺƽ̵ѲɽӣɽҺƽ̵ĵ̣Ƕ˵ֵǰӦǵһɽɣ
Ŷôģ
ֻسʿŻԴ˵ľɫе档Ǿʿ֪ǳȣǰɫҴң֪ɽ߻·˵أʱЪϢһ£ȥ֮أ
ʲô𣿡
Сǰɽ϶ĿģСĶϤԸΪǰԾౡ֮ǰȥ֮أСҲԴΪ·֪ǰǷԸȥƽ̣Ϊƽ̵ʿ
ǧ۾ǳ⣬Ҷڲǰһ򶷣ЩѶûл¡ҶģǱ׷ɱӵѡӵ֮أһıģȻҶصǸһˡ
֮ۼ˴аʿͨʿ
֮صʿԭºɽȥűӵġǧ£Ҷؼƽ̣ǹһлòٺô
ǧ˼ֺá
Ҷؼƽ̵ĵӲŸռ棬ƽ̣ЩЦһɽߣһʵ֪ƽжʵֵȥ룿
ƽнһλʿʮλʿİλ֮ڡڻ֮أҲʵĽɡǰʵʿһõá
ǧ¶ۼСƨ
İʿ͸¶ǽɵĵϸ㲻ǽ𷣣
ǣǰ˵Цˣƽг𣬼СıɱˣСҲӲȻû֣ǾǸƽ޳С˵ЩҲ޷Ҳʲôܣҽ̵ʵڻ֮غױܴǰҪǼҽ̣Ҳܳλְ֮Сң»µĻϳ⣬СĺôҲܺȿʲôġ
ǧһ߷ɿ˵ţһ߹۲ҶصɫҶص޾ϲûκηӦ˵ǰλǰʿͺƽûʲôԹõԼᵹù
Ҷƽĵ˵ͷǺƽ̳ɽǶˣ
ǧϲæ˵̳ЩԶһֱǧ뿪ɽ㵽ˡɽƽʱֻѲɽӡǰǴȥƽ̳СĿΪ·
ҶصЦɽеҪ졣ȻѲɽӣĵͷߣɽһһľӦúϤɣһСæ֪⸽ޣ
ҶҪúǧһ¡Ȼúǧɻ󲻽⣬ǾҶɽѰޣлֺһǰɲ춼ײϡ
ɽǱв٣֪ǰֵޣ
⣬ֻҪǻϵ޾С


240 ѻѨ
ǧĻɽ޴ŨҵĻϢ˻ϵޣԼϵ⣬ϵ޼޷档ߣûлĻҲԳõȥ
ĵطȻϵ쳣пᣬǶڻϵ˵ȴǸأǿʮַؼŨĻٵĳɳ
һƬɫɳҵ֮䣬ӰڵϷɿƶǰӰԵΪ׾ڵرʯϼٵԾʩչɱ
һӰԵ࣬Ų֮ԶĸŶˡ
Ҷزδ˿ɾ裬ʶɨΧĵΣ̫ƽ̵ӡҪѰޣҪǲС
Ҫòҵޣ
ǰСǰٵޣֻΪ̫ͣƽʱ΢ǿһ޶ҿǵĳѨСĺܿܰҳ
ǧɿĻشͻȻĿ⿴һʯһһŵĻ࣬ͣΣһ࣬ᣬ¶ϲǰи޷㣬⸽Ӧ޳ûǧСһϸߵɽ£һͻȻɫһ䣬Ȼ
ҶҲɽ£ɽǱ߿ȥ
ɽºһ޴ĵرѷ죬ףʮﳤѷͱϣ鼸ȫǿ֦ʯѨ
ڶëĻѷϿط裬ѽѽĽ
ѻѨ
ҶؾȣɿɨһۣĿܿĻѻѨǧ֮࣬һѨԼֻѻѷҲֻѻң˭Ҳѷ澿жٳѨ˹ƣʮֻѻҲ֡
Ѹٻһ»ѻѻǵͽ׵ĻϵݣͲſ棬̡׽磬ѻ֣ǲ֮ѻëϣɫ
ͨĻѻһ׵ݣѻʵǿܴĽס۵ʵѻǿǵͽݣҪɱһֻѻһ׵顣
ҶСĵķʯϣûóȻ֡
ǧи󵨣ŵɫɷףſڵϲҾɽǱߵĻѻȺǴҶѰޣûҵѻ
ǰǰǻǸϿ뿪ɣǻѻѨ˵Ļѻǲ𰡣ҪǾǣգ۹ǶҪΪΪҽͷʣ¡Żˡ
ѻȺݣԵһ֣óϹǳ׺ļأһһֻѻ⵽ѷеĻѻ˹ֻѻɵĻѻȺգӴѻȺʵֻԿֲݣɱǲݵġ
Ϊѻԣлѻĵطͨټ͵ݡ׵ݣҲԸͻѻȺԡ
ǧҶض֣æŻѻ֮
뿪ɣ
ҶسĬһ˵ͷʵ϶סӴĻѻȺ취С
˺ܿϢ뿪ɽ£˵εĵط
Ҷزδ뿪ڸɽͷѰʺϵսص㡣ʣĻѻ׼Ⱥѻ֣ȡ
ǰҪɱѻ
٣˵أ
Ҷƽ˵
ǧһ¿ˮŵҶءӣǸӣǻѻǻ֮صħͷҲȥǻѻԭϣ£Ҷؼƽ̣лλǰЧڿλǰò˶þͻɥڻѻĿУϣҲˡ
зȻ󵨰죬ǾεʱҲɱѻͷ
һۣе壬⡣
ǰȻҪɱѻǶҲﲻʲôæǰǣǲڸҴҿ񱼵ʮ֮⣬ҵطҶŭѻȺ֮󣬻ѻŭ𲨼ǡ
Ҷزδ뿪һͻѻȺɱûȥչˣǶҲ·һ
ǧ󵨶˲δԶ
ʿвٺöõһǿϺüˡ
ʿţû⵨̰˵ĻǾ޷ˡλǰҪѻɱƷԭءţŻѻŭƽϢ֮ȥȥ֮Ҳ÷һʺơ

֮Ҷɽ´ҵֻϷҵĻѻһɫâɱȥֻѻ̻Ϊֻ࣬һֻδѽĲҽУˤڵϡ
һҽУ˴ѷڵĻѻȺѽѽѻȺŭˡǧûκޡݸǵĳѨƣǵĵ̡һƬӴĺɫѻȺĴʮرѷڿշѰߡ
ҶԾϷɽΪһ⣬ʮһɽȥ
ѻȺߣ˹ȥǵٶȣٶһ
Ҷһ߼ɣһߴĻѻ䣬һͷɽһСĶѨƬ̹֮Ѩ棬ѾԼĻѻȺ
ѻȺӣ붴Ѩ
ɽ壬ӴĻѻȺ֣ѻ졣
ԶʮһɽͷϣǧʿѻȺǺ˵ƸĲǼģҪģûм˷Ҫġ
֮أ˼漶˭ӴĻѻȺ
ϧеʿҪڻ֮϶ܸɳһ£ҪΪЧ˵ҲܳΪһ˲ϧȴɥڻѻ֮֡治֪úõȥǻѻʲô
ǧ뵽Լǰ;ɴͷɥ
ءȹ죬ȥʬˣǻдѿҪ󵨴ֵڵ£⡣Ӳ룬Իȡ

ҶصȻȥ㻨յʱ䣬ڻѻѨʮҵһɽ壬ɽ帹һСĶѨѨֱͨɽĸǳ
СѨ㹻ѻǵصһӵϡ
ֻҪͬʱʮϰٵĻѻܹɵӦԡ
÷ɽ˺üڣд壬£ֵסѻȺҲк󱸵ĺ·
⣬Ҷػ׼ʮصľʯʱ¶ںͶѨͨ
ľϸʮڣñʯȫ˱˪ջǧƵĹʵı˪ӡʵڻָı˪ƣڻ㹻һ¡֯ɱѻľķûš
˶׼ҶضĻѻЩ˱ŰɱǱŰɱЩѻܰɽݻˣκβ
Ҷ֮ѡѷӴѻȺΪɱĿ꣬ԭġ
£󲿷ֵޣûǧֻͨм䣬ֻܽһֻܹһᵤʵԶͨޣԪĶǡ
ҶҪȡ΢Ԫ
߽׵ܹȡԪһЩ
ԼҪʮöĽ޵пܴһԪĽףҪһԪɱԽ࣬õĻԽ󣬵õԪԽࡣ
Ϊ˱֤ԪĴͬ޵ڵԪϢܷǳĴƳԪҲȻáòͬ޵ϢԵü䲵ӻңȵĽԪ
ҶؼȻƵӴѻȺȻŹֻͽ׻ѻƴԼܹʮöͽ׵
һоɱѻжſʼҲ֮ǰһĻ
ҶɽĶѨ֮󣬿ʼⶴѨСƣԭأĿɱ붴ߵĻѻʶűǵķɽâɱȥֱնʮֻѻ
̶̵Ƭ̹򣬶Ѩĵһѻʬ塣
ˣƵĻѻԽķſڳɽѨһŵĸ»棬Ѩڵʯʼڻ


241 ѻԪ
ɽĳɽɽѨ
ƵĻѻҪѨηſѽѽУҶŻ档ҶȻȫ÷ɱֵվзʱ򣬲ѵ£Ѩˣȡָʱ䡣
ɱأֵס󳷣ɱְյҲ֪˶ãҲɱ˶ٻѻĻѻȺʣ¶٣Ҷظȥô࣬ȫԱ
ɽ屳Ϊĺ·һֵסʱ˳Ѩطû뵽ӴĻѻȺȻɽ嶼סеĶѨڣѻȺϣѻԳҶص
Ҷ뿪Ѿǲܵ顣һȥ͵ĻѻȺ㹻Ψһİ취ⶴѨڣȺԼǿĻѻɱȥֱһ׵Ϊֹ
ɽھ󲿷ֵĶѨѾѻռݡڣⶴѨ㹻㹻㶴Ѩ洦ϻѻҲ㹻ʱѡ
ѨĳδһȺʮֻ׵ĻѻзѽѽĹֽУŻĳٷɹͻȻһһɳâӶѨ׵Ľɱ˹ȥ
ͣ
ʮֻѻϮʱңһŵĻ򣬹ǱɽϧûãֻǸշһУ㱻ɽնɱɾһֻҲûӳȥʮĻ򣬷׷״ڶϣըѲٵʯɳ̮һСƬѨ
Ҷ˷ɽʶɨÿһ߻ѻʬ壬һֻѻŨҵĻһдһ׹⣬ֻѻʬ塣
ڣһöӲӵĻϵ׹˳ͼɴ뿪ȴҶصķεԷţҶطȥ
ҶصһЦָסöССĻѻװһСһ´еֹһ
ö׵ѾռʮöѻùȡһԪˡ
ʱԶѨȺѻҶɫ΢΢һ䣬ֻѻղŵĲҽ˹ˡʮֻѻɶԸϰֻ㹻ͷʹˡ
һ㣬ڶѨʧټ
СƬ֮ҶһεʯңƶһصľʯѨڷס
ʯɽڳĲ֮أҳڶʯ£ڳ˻󣬻ڸζҩۡ
ѻôãֱͬʱʹöֶΣڸסе˿ſܱЩĻѻԼλá
Ҷزظһʯϥ¡
ӴȡԪȡϸжһ飬ɫ¶֮ɫʵԪѾ飬ֻ̫ܵף࣬Ϊ˱ƽ˷ѣܲκ©֮
Ҷؿһ飬ȷ֮ŴӴȡһöͽ׵ʼ
öڰУһɫâ֡
Ҷطɿʩչһʱ֮ðڵһǿķȣɱȥֱҲѹκ
ͬʱϷһǳҫ۵ĺâҺ壬΢̺ȴ˾̾
ѻԪ
ҶһУõƿһâҺռĳԳɹ֮ʣʮöѻԪ
֮Ҷؽ꣬ռһηǳĻѻԪ
һԪƺżǿҵԣ쳣ǿҵ׺ϢԪϢѻıֱӵĹϵʮֻ׻ѻľ׺֮ȻŨޱȡ
׻ѻһöǮ߰ٿʯʮöټֵƷʯʮͽͨ㹻ˡڣȫһԪˣԪֵֵ֪
ҶСƿ˼䣬εЦЦ鵽һѾû·ߣ뽫ԪƳŲ˷Ͷľ޴Ѫ
ԭϣһǧϵɫ󾧡һλϵ޵ԪѾˡ׵ػֻʮƣһЩ
Ҫڻϸ㹻׵ػ𣬲ܿʼ

Ҷɽ嶴Ѩҹɱѻȡ׼ʱԶʮ⣬ǧ󵨶λƽڵӣҶ㱻ѻɱ͵ȵýޱȡ
ʼ죬ǻ˷ޱȡʮ֮󣬺ǧȶɽ壬ɽƵĻѻֻһ޿κΡ
ⶼʮˣȺѻôûɢȥ
ѻļأѵɱǾ᳷ˡڴȺѻɽϥϵķŭļСôȻλǰʿҲûȻҲ޷ȥȥ֮ҪǷʮֲĸʡ
ת۹Ѳߵ޽ǧû취û취ֻȷغƽ̽¡
һºѲɽĲ£ٴλصɽ帽ʱ
ɽ壬ǵϣٴա
ӴĻѻȺɽϣѻδԵļ٣ƺ˸Ըˡ
ƾǶ˵ڵ΢Ϊǲҿȥ̽ġʮֻ׵Ļѻ㹻Ƕн׵ʿԲ˶ߣɽϡ
Ƕ˳üԱҲϡ档ôˣλǰķҲñѻȺĵһɶˡơʯ֮࣬Ҳùˡ
һ¹˽һꡣ
ǧǶػʮѲߵ񡣾ƽ̵ʿҲΪʲôͻȻҲԹ
ڷܡȴʼûܿѻȺ뿪ɽ壬вɵĳ׾
ǻǷһԱ仯ʱɽյƵĻѻѾȵļ٣ֻʣǧֻңշűɽ帽ȥ
ǲҶ룬ֻΪ󲿷ֻѻԼ뿪ˡϾǿƵĻѻ˭ɱǣֻҲδ¡ΪʵǺĲ

ոһյĹȥҶڻɽĳɽڣżȫ
ʱ䣬ɽʼղȥĻѻȺҲ˱롢ܡ֮ءԭºɽĶԹ
żһɲԶʮ֮൤ŵĻʸ⣬мûʣκͷֻƽ
ΪĹϵƪԪҶص̬һ磬˿ƪ߼ˡ
֪ʲôʱҶͻȻ˫һҫ۵Ĺâͫһţ±޻ΪڱչǱڼ䣬ѾԾһء
׵ػѾ㹻ˡ
Ҷһ죬һСɫ󾧣ǰһ֮
ţһ̺źɫ»棬ӻϸƾճҶصǰʯڵ¶ȶʱʼ쮸ߡҶ漴ָһ׻ƽȵķ˳ȥɫ󾧰ס
Ҷ˫ֲϵӼ׵ػĻͼɫڻ
ֻǣɫҪڻûôס
ɫ󾧣ֻҪͨϵмһС㣬Ѿ㹻һͨͽ׷õɫΪϣƳɷôһʼһ߽׷Ҫڻ϶ûôס
һ£Ҷؼľһ׵ػŽһСɫڻʱʯң¶ȼȵҽӵ¶Ȼߡ
Ҷغ䤱òֵһһ˹ȥ


242 Ԫ
ʮ֮
ʯҵм䣬һϹɽͨ屻ܵΧɫ⡣𽣡˽СԼ磬滷ƣ͹ӣɱôСѾϱͣؼһûɡ
Ҷشʱ˿иٽʢһԪСƿӴ򿪡һָƿڵһԪңңƣڽϡ
һκɫԪҺײŷɽʱΪһŻ壬˵Ĺâ
Ҷؼ״ɫ˫ɵĴżڵѹסԪŷɽ÷ĽеԪսڡ
ɫɽʯڵİеתܵȼգԪھҵĲţɽĽֳ֮ɫâˮ㵴ҵĻϢֵ࣬棬ڷɽΧɷǺÿ
ΣԪҪ߳üΡ
ʱƣеĺǿ˷ɽ֮УɽԵóԣһʯĴҷɡʱԪƻɡ
Ҷȴ֪ôͻȻһװλƣʹ֮£мһ׹⣬£ɫɽĽϣһֻչĻѻǻһ
ѻ
Ҷص۾ͷôѻѻȥˣҪװλƣҲŪһ͵Ĵ񡢷֮źá
ԥһ£ûд㽫ѻͼĨȥԪЩѻŵƳͰŰɣҲûʲôӰ졣
ĵȴ𽣵Ļȥ
ҶסһţԪΪСֱڣڵﴦԪͨͬԪΪԪĴԱڣԪȥ
һԪоǹ졣
ʶ֮󣬲ɽûʲô״㰲ԼƽʱһСԪɽԪƳҪԪԽãõԪԽ࣬ԪıԽ
ͨķܱڣֻܴڴУҲ޷÷ԽԽ
ʵϣԸԪȥʿɽ粢ࡣϾԪκһʿĸֱӾΪסս
Ԫһ̶ȵϺΪĽס
ֻͨھŲʿŻԸķѴԪȥһԪ
ΪǵΪƿס˳ͻƽڣĶԪһǿԪսһǳѡ
⣬ǽʿҲԪжӣǵԪ´࣬ȻԲϧԪ޴ԪȱԪǺܳԿġ
ҶŸո㣬ƳһԪҲǱΡ
ɽû̫ƽ޺а֮䡢֮ɱʱɼԭºʿͼɽ磬øնԤ⡣
һɽ籬ս߿϶Լֻ±½ӻҪ졣̵ʱԼǿսбʵҪΪԵøҪ
ҶףŲϧ˴ʱ;ƳԪѷ鵤ʿ˵Ԫٶȡ

ǧ󵨶˵ãɽϵĻѻȺϡ٣ͲסܿѻߣСɽ
ǣߵɽɽػѻʬ壬ŵȷ
˵аޣǵ죬ɱʿﻹʲôɽϵ龰ȴŵòᡣ
ɽϣƻѻ˶ѨʺѪҺγɵϪѾɺԣȾĳɳʯѪɫٳ޷ɢŨɱǲΪǻѻ
ʵ֮صаҲη壬ηħͷа޶ЩСɱ˶ѣħͷֱĿˣɱӯҰҶȻûɱӯҰǿһ֮˴ѷƵĻѻʵǺƽ㳲Ҫ˵ĻѻѨֻҲҪһ
ǵУҶѾгΪħͷǱ
Ƕɽ壬ҵһѨڡڣѻȺʮɵľ޴ӣɳʯڻҽ
λǰӦǲⶴѨ档ǧŵһ¿ˮֻⶴѨڶݵʯסˣû취ȥ
֣㿴λǰûУóȻȥ᲻У󵨵ĵӺܴ󣬵ǵڶѨڣűصĻѻǵʱͷ飬ڴдùģҪ뿪ط
϶ţЩѻỹֽвݣ
˵ɱôѻʲô
˭֪أ˵ѪħҪѻľѪΪýǧΪ΢ûͨ󷨣ֻƾպһЩ˵ǡ
䣡
ѨݴͻȻըѿһâĳ֮УһʿӶѨ˳ڵһЩ۵⣬һ۶ڴĺǧ󵨶ˣЦһ¡
ϲǰأ
ǧһʿæڵء
Ƕʲô
ǰҵȶѲɽǰڴ˴չһֱǹţҹ棬ǰޡǧάЦ
ˣңǺƽʲô
ǰȥһ귢˲ٵ顣Һƽ̽ѾԶȥˣҽ̶ʮλʵǿĻҲǰֻ̳ʣλԼһЩСһĵͽʿˡǧϲһһʮİ֪Ķ˵˳
Ŷ֮صʿȥ˱սӦúܼҰɣҶƽȴһ˿ײĹâ֪Щʲô
̡̡ƽ̡ǽ̵֮ؽϴĽɣ󲿷ȥɽ磬ǱиĴܹȵءԭºʿҲвȥɽ硣ڵս´ΣСľͲˡС˽⣬ɽĴսܾáɽʵɡɼʵǳӴ󣬾⵽ֹҲûô׾սܡʮϰҲǳ飬ʱڴ򲻳ʲô
ǣ֪ĵͦడ
ǰСĶЩоֻϧӣСһ涼޷ǧ֪̾ǰǷڻ֮ŻԴɣСԸҡ
ҶЩЦ̲ŶһĮźǧúõĺƽ㲻ţʲô
ǧЦľܣСںƽҲһѲɽСɫáΪףΪţǰСģСİǰ󣬶Ҳһչֽšܱںƽ̵СһҪá
ҶЦһʿûʵɡҪǿУⲻô
ǧæǰС˵꣬ɽһƬǰĴûᡣǵûΣգ
Ŷ⻰ô˵
֮صɴɽ磬Ҫȥɽĵ̣ûʮˡʤˣǿ϶ڸɽ磬ƶĻ֮ءǰˣɵʵض𣬵ҲŴȵή
ʤܣ֮ظɶʵڻ֮ǷǳʱǰڵĻᣬڻ֮㣬ֻҪʮܴһƬԼĵ̡
Ҷؿһۺǧ΢΢һ
ڻ֮ڶʿȥɽ磬ҪǷɽ磬øһҵĴս˵һսͲСˡ
֮أǵзĴ󷽣ûս£ƽһЩﻹжĴںƽ̵ʿǶ˶Ի֮ΪϤ


243 Ѩһջ
Ҷһǰ֮ӣܿɽҵͷƳһۺǧ󵨶ˣϤʿ·Ӧòʲô⡣
ǣҶ˵Ҫǰ֮صʱ򣬺ǧȴԸˣ˵Ҫɽ帽ͣһʱ䣬Ȼٷػ֮ȥ
ҶصĮĿ⣬ǧ֧֧˺ðΣŲòʵҪԵɡǰĻѻĲˣʣ²ǧֻɴǶ˹ˡ
Ҷصɱʲô
ǧСĵЦѻϲռʯͨѻѨڶвٵĺòƻϵʯϵʯȵ֮ƽʱȥǻѻѨĻѻȻǰɱ˾󲿷֣Ȼܰװ˷ˡѷǧƵĳѨÿѨҵһʯҲһʾ޶ĲƸ
ǧڲʲƸĿڴֻҪλǰЩָһЩʹͣҲһʡںƽ̸ѲߵĲ£һҲŸƷʯѣ˶Ǯ
ŶȻ飿
ҶѻϲռĻϵʯͷɫ¶һ˿졣ɽڱչڼ䣬Ѿȥ˴Ĵ󲿷ʯǰ֮أѰʯ
ȻڻѻѨҵʯȻٺòˡ
ҸոճأҪﾲһʱ䡣Ѩ飬ԼȥְɣǶָɵʣĻѻӦܹɣ
Ҷһ£ͬѯʺǧˡ
ǧ󵨶ʱ¶ɫֻʣ´ԼǧֻʵĻѻҲ㹻ǶܵġڣһѨȻλǰܽѨɱֻĻѻǶָɵǧֻӦÿɣ
ȻǰԸٳ֣Ǿҵȶɡǧ󵨶˱һԵӲͷƤȥɱʣĻѻ
ҶصһЦɽһҰĵطһ½£Ϥ𽣵ϰԡʯ飬ͽǧ󵨶ȥ
ֻҪʯκεطܲͣȥ˿ʵԲ˵ûʲôϵҲ̫⡣
Ҷϥڵķɽ˳ʹ𽣡
ܿһϲ֡
䷨ʱ򣬽ԶŷһŵĻ״ͬһֻֻ׵ѻ
ÿһֻѻн׻ϵ൱ڸ߽ʿʩչȫһըǧʯڵͽʿֱӺɱ
ԪͬʱܱŷһȺѻ֣ԵÿֲĻҶػʡȥʩչϵʱ䣬⿿ɽܷн׻ϵ
ԪĿǰܹͬʱͷųֻѻƲ⣬պԪǿѻ͵ȽҲ֮ߡ
Ҷ൱⡣ֻѻȥԼĻֻ֣¶Եֵס
ɽ磬Ϊͽסнס߽סףƷԪΪͽסнס߽סףƷԭ϶һֻǣƵʱǷԪ
ǧݻϵɫΪǼƷϻϵԪƳһƷԪʼ㳬˼Ʒɡ
ͨԪĲ֮󣬻ܹϵɳĸΪǿ
ǶڽʿҲһƷԪҪŪֲס
Ҷ֮ǰʮʵڵͽ׷ټƷԪͬ׵ʿʤ㼫
ѾӵһĻϵԪ
⣬һһ߳ݵ˿ľϸ¡ϸʯ࣬ʱգɳΪǧݵ˿Ӧò⡣ռһľϵԪĻôڶľϵԪҲƳ
żƪڣԪһ
ԪƳɡн󡱵Ļʿм䣬ֱ޵дڡƪС潣Ҳ룬ʿֻҲһ֡
ϽڹżڿºڣЩоƷϣеİ˼ԪȫѰ֡
ҶڹƳһϵԪѾսĸоϹɢϽܹԵϹɢʵλһ⻰ֻ·ԡ
дн󣬾ͨĽʿȻδشĹǱϣǺܴġ
Ҷ뵽Щ⡰н󡱣зǳڴ
ֻǣЩϣһѣҶͷʹѡ˵ǽʿ֣ҪЩֻҲ쳣ѣҪʱѪ

ҶɽĳǱʱ
ǧ󵨶ˣҲ˶ѨЧҶõİ취Ѩɱ⸽ʣǧֻѻǣʱ򣬲Ÿоеļѡ
ԭлʣһЩΪҶһʿɱƵĻѻôǶ㡢߲ʿɱʣµǧֻӦûʲô⡣
ǵǶһȺʮֻѻò׽ƴȫɱ֮󣬷Ѿȥһ롣߲Ÿɵʮֻѻʮֻѻ˹ŭŴŵ棬ǵصĳǶ˹ȥ
ǿûпٻָƿԺȣһƷʯѣʯָָٶȼǶﾭסַ񹥣תۼݽ߼ףѻȺ׷ɱߵӴܣûʱָ
ǻǽҶɽڳʯңƶʯͨ棬ӹһ١
ǧŵɫף¡ȻĿûдѻĺܲǡҶڹȥһʱƵĻѻɱǴ˿ѾǾ壬ǳױס
Ҷ֪Ƕ˴Σգûгֻ֣ۿš
ǶԸǧֻѻֻ׸ȥ֮أûҪǡܸɵЩѻô֤ǻЩʵõļֵ
ҶֻĬĬϥɽ۵ĳȱʯõʱ򣬱ȥѻѨȡ
ԶȻлѻڱУûһֻѻҿ֮ڣ̫ԣǼǵôصĵˣǸǵãһϣҲǴ˵Ķֻ֣ԶС
ѻҶأҶȻҲ⶯֣ѾõһλѻԪƳԪĿѾɡûҲԵ޹ʳȥɱʣĻѻѻëƵͽȣϧ̫ͽףۡ
תۼ䣬һȥʱ䣬ҶѾͻڶ㣬̤㾳硣ȻһԪǲûϺΪ
ǧ󵨶ˣҲڲŴӶѨڳȻڣ˺ۣе鵶齣ѾۣǶ˴ʱɱ
󵨾Ͳö˵ˣĶ࣬ԭһЩڣսնɱΧѪ󺺡ǧڼĻˣıʱҲĥȥһЩԸӣ˹ɱ֮
ǺľѪʱ꣬ڽʣ߰˰ֻѻնɱⶴѨڡֻʣѻգٿǡЩŻĻѻѾΪ塣
ǧ˫Ŀɺ죬ͨһݵҶصǰɳƵǰСףԼĻѻڶѨڣǺεȵĲңҪǿ־֧סǰܽƵĻѻɱ壬߳ʵںƽ̣˽Ϊĺ棬ûеڶ˿ƥСǰ¶붴Ҷ̥ǣͬ졣СĶԸ׷ǰǰ
Ҷڵ˫˺ǧһۡǶнס߽ʿܻ߳ѨҲ㲻ˡֻǣûǵĴ㣬ܻųԼ컯
߰ɣȥʮĴѷ죬»ѻѨʯռһ£Ȼȥ֮ءҶվ˵ɽ·Ծȥ
ǣǰ
ǧ󵨶̴ϲӦżȥ
ȻλǰûдӦҲûһڻؾʱλǰӦûʲô⡣ںôôλǰȥչλѻѨܵõĿ϶Բ١


244 ֮
Ҷغͺǧ󵨶ˣɽʮ⣬ѻۼĴѷ촦ڴѷڵĻѻѨڣʰȡʯ͸Ļʯ
ʱĴѷ죬ѾûжǰƻѻյӴ󾰹ۣʣ޼Ļѻ첻ɶв
Ҷ֮ǰüˣȡʯ
ǧ󵨶˿ɾϲˣϣְ˽ŵĴӻѻѨʰȡЩǳ۵ʯͿʯЩɶǮİǶںƽ̴˺ЩͷҲûнӴ˶ʯֻǲûдĲܿװôʯͿʯ
Ҷ뵽ԼкüÿһȥʰȡЩƷرǻʯÿѻѨҵһƷʯ
ⳲѨﻹвٵĻѻǰ㿴ǲǰЩѻҲߣǧĳѻѨһöź컨ƵĴ󵰣
ҲӳѨ˻ѻɺ۾û˵ֱӰѵǸҿŲһ̣Ѿ¶ǣ˵ǣһ䣬Ĺ񫣬ڶѨһĻѻѪһĻѻ⣬϶ݣѻζ治
㶮ѱѻ
Ҷվڴѷһ࣬һöѻǧʵ
СǰһǸŵĵӳСҲ֪һЩѱ޵İ취ѻһݣ΢Сһ㣬޷սҲߡѻԼߣѵ֮졣һѻʳιǲֺһԾˣǳԼãЩѻȥ֮صķҲֵòǮ
УЩѻҲϡ
ҶطԸǧ󵨶˽еĻѻѨϸѲһ飬Ҫ©
׳һɽ²ŷɽѷ·ɵȥȥѷĵ£ûʲôƵĻѻѷӦʲô֮ɡ
ǧ󵨶˿ҶУĽĽҲףһҲֻûлеĸоˡ
Ҷػ˽һʱڴѷתһȦЩʧǣһİļĴӣʱһЩԾ𡣴⣬ûҵĶѻȺӦΪ˷ʳɡ
̽ʱͻȻѷϷһ

ʮʿ֪ʲôʱڴѷĸΪ׵һĺںʿھŲ㣬ҲںʿΪߵһ
ӷϿһʮʿǺƽʿ
ǧ󵨣ôĵӰӻΪˣû뵽Ȼһûз̳ҪǲֵѲ飬ֻ»֪Ƕ˶˵ǶΪʲô̳ȵ
Ԭ̣ôģ
ǧ£ɫЩȡǵʿͷվŵһֻ׻ѻʱЩ׹ѻԣֻҪǶϣǵߡǵŵӵӣѵѻ֮
Ҳ̵ĴȥһȺʿΪ⡣
ôģҺƽĿ޽̹棬ٳٲ̳жΪִӣȻҪʡʿһЦͻȻסǧĴ¶һ˿̰Ŀ⣬Ǹһ̳̹ܽ洦ã߻ǾܾأӻȥǿɲҪҽǶ˾͵
ǧ֪޷ˣƽ̹̽漫ϣδڲ̳ʿҲҪѲƤ̰齣鵶˳Ŀ¶ݾ֮ɫǰֻǾΥȺǵʿڶѨںͻѻƴ˽һ꣬Ǽܵѡɱ
ǵʿʮʿǶҪ翹һ£ЦǶ췴ɣɵӣѲΪĹǣҪԼ
㹻Цɡ
ʮʿھŲ㡢˲к֮࣬Ҳ߲㡢ġʿҲԱȵϺǧ󵨡ⳡ򶷣Ǻ
ģͲںƽ̸ˣҪ췴ôбүү󵨽鵶ŭ
ɱԬʿһЦһ֣ʮʿм䣬̳ˣ˷˹ȥ
Ǿȵǣ˳ִ֣֮Ȼòºǧ󵨶ˡ
˵ǧɽ嶴Ѩھ⵽ʮֻѻķΧֲɱҳ㷹ޱȡȻǲһȺʮʿĶ֣ǵסʿƬ̹򣬻ǿġ
Ҷشзɳʱǧ󵨺ʿսһš
⾿ô£ҲûйȥŪףֻһüͷ𽣻Ϊɺâ˹ȥΧ˵ļʿܲһ㱻𽣽ɱꡱѪĽԵڵϡ
ʿ
ãӣ
ʣµİ˾ʿ䣬ȻˣõȻһʿĻĴǶʱ羪֮ɢӣӳʮɣּâٴαնɱʿ
ʣʿֵͣط죬˾᲻֪ǰƣǷǳʶȤ̶˵ڵϣģǰС飬ðǰ
Ҷ˷ɽûǣֱӳǧ˵ȥǷֿѶһ£һƽ̺ͻ֮ʲô
ǣǰСȥǣ
ǧӦŵЩ˵ڵϵʿݺݵ˼ţѺһһľʯȥΪ⣬һԼԶľͶµĿɽһŭЩʿղŻޱȣڵһװˡ
СʱǧҶ
ǰѾʳˡǰս³Խƽ̽ڶǰѽһչصʿǰֻ̳ʣ¶ʮڵء⣬֮صĸɣҲѾ˾󲿷ȥɽ硣ǰڸô죿
Щ˵Ŀڹһ
ֿģڹһ£ûʲô롣ǧʮֿ϶˵⣬ЩûôСѾǶˡ˵꣬СĵһҶصɫҶػ᲻й˽ߣɱǼʿ
ҶȻû顣
ĬһЩǡ֮صʿٽӦмְգŻѹ϶ע֪ɽսΣܲܳŵסҲ֪൤ܱ֤ܲİȫսյ൤ɽǿɲ
ֻΪ̫ͣɽʿʤ൤ھʿɺ͸ɼʿǧ֮ڡʿҲϰ
ϻ൤ţҲȥܻȥ·;ңԶǸ·Ҫ࣬˵ײϵзʿĴ󲿶ӡֻһһˡ
߰ɣȥ֮ؿ

֮ӰԽǧﷶΧޱȵĻɽ˻֮ء⼸գҶǧĽܣԻ֮صƣҲһЩ˽⡣
֮أһƬʮվɽ룬żïܵɭ֡Ĵ󣬻и׺޺УΪɽˮ֮ҲС
֮صθӣǳײɽ硢ԭɽ硢ºɽߡаޣϲö֮ۼ˴ʿǳ׶ݣóааʿӶ࣬ɴССĽɡ
ɣ̡̡ƽ̡ǽ̵ȣһʿΪʵǿʿΪ죬ӰС
֮ȻײѷûгʯҩġʯԷչ׳Ҳû׹ңԵʿֻܿʿ֧š
֮صɵĽʿȲɽ൤һɵĽʿôࡣ֮صĵ̣Զɽĵ̹
һεɽ綯ңҰĲԭɽºɽʿͼѹɽ硣֮صʿֻûȡһЩôٴڻֹ֮طдɽ磬ռ̵ĳ嶯


245 ؾ
Ҷسֻ֮ڵվɽ룬ĿƬïɭµɽ룬ǱŵڶΣաɽǳİһİյ޶ٷ⾪С˵صˣѲл˼Ҫ˵ҳƬɽڵʿ
ǧ󵨶ᳵ·ֻǲôȥѰ˼
ǰǲȥºƽ̵̳ʵĻʮͽ׵ǵʵҪǲһءǳ䲻ͻϮĻԲøĴۣܹ̳
ǧɽµĴ֣һͨɽͨŸ촽ɭɭ˵ͨȥǺƽ̵̳ڡ
Ŀ˸߷־ηּһѪȵķ
ǧɽĳСɢޣܾ衣һֱԼһܸɳһû㹻ʵںƽһСආ۶һۡ
Ҷصʵ˵ɲ⣬ֻиҶزпʵıǧһ֮󣬱صĸҶأһ˼Ҫڻ֮ظɳһ¡
һ·ϣһֱѰ˼ʲôǴ¡˼ȥĴ£ǿɣһ˴죬ڻ֮سưԡ
ǧȻͻ룬ƽ̵ϳһ˵ͷռݺƽ̵ϳλǰڵĴϣһ֮֮ϡ
ͷð֮һʰǧ·ϲϵŰ취Ҷȥռƽ̵̳ϴһȻڻ֮ؿɣ
һ֮ǰǰǧʮҲ񵽽ɱ顣
ֻǣƽֻ̳ʣ¶ʿʵ½ΪĵزֻҪҶܸɵʣµĶһЩСආֵһᡣϴٺƽ̵ϳǲܡ
˵Ҳ֡
Ҷظа޶մϱߣֻ֮Ϊ飬˳취ŪһЩʯӵûڻ֮Ĵ㡣
ǧȴ϶ҶгΪһʵȫܹɡΪȻͣıмˢӣѾԼ˹ͷʦĹĳıߡ
ҶضԺǧЦԷǡ
ϴٺƽ̵̳⵨ĺܡ
ϸһкƽ̵ͽ˵ܰѺƽ̵̳һˣϴһ
ǣźƽ̵Ĵ󲿷ȥɽռ̣ɽսҪܾáһأʮ궼޷Ծںƽ̵̳һˣҲûޡȺһǺܾ֮Ҫǵ顣
ƽ̵̳صʿȻ࣬Ǻ治ܲ·ֶΡҶ侲Ŀһ£̳ʲô󷨣
ǧһ죬εҡͷСںƽ̵λߣ̳ʲô󷨡С֪̳ڵȷһ͵ķ󷨣ֻΪ̫ʯƽʱ󷨲ͻϮĻǿ󷨿֮ǰȥ
Ҷسһ£ȥҸطѻѻѨʰȡĿʯͻѻˣЩʯͷƽ̳а֮ٶֲ١
С֪֮һصķУס
ȥУ

֮һĻ֮һС
֮صķвһﳤʯϿУģһ͵ĴկӡϿ࣬ķһʯһ꣬ʧӰ٣õı׷١ųΪܻ֮ӭķС
Ȼһ¶ķУǳ걻ŨŨ֣û·ĻԷϿڻôһʿۼķС
Ŵկ߹ȥǼªĲݺ;ʯɵСʯݡΪ˱ⱻ˶ϣʿͨʯڵнףʿ·̯߰ǳ۵ĻֵüǮʿмһˡ
ǻ֮صʿϲľۼأƽǧʿס
ҪǣկһķûˣǿŵķУ롣ǰɺʮСɵʿά򣬽ֹʿڷڴ򶷺ӡɳȥɽռֻ̣ʣһЩСɵĵͽ
еĻ֮صɽɶɽĴս֮ںܶСͽɣʵõģûʲôҰĵģпɽս
ⷻڵʿɻкֻܶ࣬Ǵ󲿷ֶǽΪͽ׵ʿżܿôһʿ֡
ҶڷڣĻ
֮زʿԵúܡǡʿ඼Яͽ׵ʹùܾá̯ҲҲĺöһǶʹùģȱں
ĻԵǷڳ۵֮˵ԵǸĳǳأһǵɽѡ
ҶؿԲڸһЩ̰ĿЩĿŸմ壬ɢĵɱ⣬˻ȥٶ࿴һۡ
ҶڻɽɱһĻѻݣѪմˣһɵĻѪɱ
ڻ֮أ߽ʿϣǲݵͽʿȥƵģͽʿҲǰû˻Ϊһʿȥһʿԡ
ҶؼڶĿ׷׾Ȼ˻ȥвЦ
Ըǧ󵨶ˣȥеĿʯͻѻˣʯǧ뿪֮ԼڷĴ䣬ûֵùĶ
Ҷسʮʯݣϸ֮£ܿ㷢˲ȵƷ
֮ԭºĽ֮أķȻһЩƾɵƷǶɽƷܶҶǰûмġ
ؼ˵ؼкܴĲ֮ͬ
ɽؼ෱࣬ǳȫ˽ľˮװϵǵ˫ӦоСţ˾󲿷ֵࡣ󷨡Ԧ޵ȵȷ棬мĽ
ԭɽ磬شԭдƬɳĮڣźХ쫷磬˵صʿطϵϵϵȼ𣬶һĳЩķ
ºɽ磬ΪشԴ󲿷ʿˮϵϵľϵ沢ɫ
ǣԭºɽĹΪ򵥣ɼм򵥵ĺôԭºʿϵϵˮϵͱϵĳɾѾ˼ߵľأԶԶɽ硣
ԭºɽʵǿƵĵ̷Χɽ绹Ҫ
Ψһȱǣɽ˿ڲࡣ
ߺܴһֶǴ׽еġ˿ڲ࣬Ҳζߵ಻ȥɽǿɽʿࡣĻɽҲסɽ֡
ҶⷻڣרЩȥϢͨĵͽʿѯʣ˲ʱ䣬㽫ԭºĴʵ
ҲһЩ
ɽʵҲԭºʿ֣Ҳδؾռɽ硣յĽܾܿˡ
ҶһſڹϬţͷСʯڣһƷһߺЩ۵һûһšҶصźΪ֪˸ǮĿˣҶƼĻ
ֻҪõĶһĻͲؿˡ
ҶɨһƼЩ֮һҲۣƽ˵ʯ֮ǰѾȥʮʯݣȻƷǶûϴŵǮޣֻһϵĶ
һ£ҧҧӻͳһõСľӣ򿪣ȡһݻɫؾĵݸҶء
λǰһؾ֪ǰвȤ
ؾļֵĸߣƽĹ˿ͣҲԸ⽫ؾóı˸װˡ
ⶫԼòϣվҪȥһֱڵȴʺϵĿˣǮ̰ͼĲƻҶΪߣ϶ЩǮƣȥֲǴ״֮ˣҪ


246 ս
ʲô
Ҷɨһеؾؾܱƽֽʵشֲڳأɷؼе֮ͼֽ
Ҷزҿ϶ʲô
ǰһͼֻҪͼֽȥڡⶫ֣ʲôܺϡáؾһС֣ѹ˵ԵΪԵáⶫѻãҪһλ̵ǰãò
ҶֻԵĿؾһۣĽܣжʱһݡ
ǵڴܹʦʱ򣬼
е׳ʯڣԶԶʯȡʯΪһںըſһƬļʿ
ڵʿȫʼ֣סֺڵһں쳣ǿһȱ㣬Ƿٶеƫٶȿʿ׶ܿ
ֺƵԭ⣬ƣǹŵʦһҲ첻ټ
ҲڴܹһС͵ĺڶѡ
ҶػڵУȻ棬Щߡһûȥоڵڵޣһɽиɱ
ҶظȤǣؾֽʡ
൤Ĳ顣ֻϹʱڣŻֿԳñؾڼһЩҪĶ˸Ϊ֮󣬶ϰʹءֱֽʵ鼮ʹʽƽֽؾ
ҶɻϵؾټܺؾǴģλ϶˵ⶫǴŪġ
һ£ҡҡͷ˻ݺڵͼ㻨ǮһòϵƷ
Ǵ۵ҶضͼֽȣҲûйؾ˼Ȼʧͼֽ̲ס˼䣬ʶǴӷĺöҪòأ
ҶһҪʲô档
飡
ʯݵľűƿһֲŨü׳ʿͷ˽ʯڵҶغ
æеؾ뻳У׳ʿŭʲôأпڵʱ򣬽ֹٽǴɡ㴳ʲô
ƵĻ֮صķУҲһЩĬعء˵ף֮ԶʯڣΪ˱ⱻ޹ص˿ÿʯݶֻɼٵˣֻн˫ʯڡſڹڽ׵֮˲ʯݵġ
׳û֪һ㴳˽Ҳѹʧ̬ŭ
Ƿͼ㵱˭ϡİɣûĶҲ鷳
׳ʿмһ˵һۣתͷҶأһ䣬λǰҼ֮صȺۣǰȻԵҷУϣܹȥҼСһ֪ǰǷпգ¿·
Ҷһððʧʧʯ׳ʿƽʵʲôˣʲô飿
׳ʿֵҼս̽ʷҼ˹ѾۻᣬݣΪֻҪϵʿԽԽãһ¡ǰʵȫʸμӡϣǰܹȥһˣ˵ط֮ǰȻʲôˡ
׳˵꣬԰ĿҺ޹˼ɵĴȻ̡ǿӲʵǰûʲôǲܴƵġ
Ҷزüͷ
֮֮Уûս̵ţȻֻһСͽɡ֮һĺƽӵһʿʮʿ֪ս̣жλʿӦôüλɡ
ս̵ͷǳһ
Ҷһʵ֪ս̵
һ£׳ûз˵˼ųҶ˵ǰ֮ʵǿɡɴٽɽ֮󣬻֮رսΪʷΪߴھŲ۷壬ڲԶˡǻ֮ϣ̤ڵʿս̣ҲǼ֮󣬹ϵĵɡ
΢һ£ٶ˵ȥԶʧһСһλǰĺ鸣ⷻпһʯݣС첲šս̵Ĵȡ
ҶɫȻȴڷɿ˼
ڶ̶̵䣬ûһиѾ㣬ΪĽչν١⣬ԼڵʵһλŲ۷ʿĶ֮֡سΪһɵģûһǼ򵥵
Ҳ̫Ϥλʷ֪ᷢʲô顣λʷǰȥμһĿĲľۻᣬ˼ȥûҪκϽȥ
Ҷ뵽׳̣ǲɵĵ޷ǰȥ͹һˡ
׳ʿȻ֮أɵʿ֮⣬һھܾʷģɷǳڣ֪ԼС󣬲ܴŭǰλʿ
Ϸɿ˵ǰȻȥμҼ˵ᣬҲǿҼѾʮɵʿμӣպϡǰ˼֮󣬾Ըμӣô뵽и¶С䣬ɼ롣
׳ʿ΢΢һݣ漴뿪ʯݡ
ҶʯڶƬ̣ڷڸתת鿴ⷻڵĻȰʱҶؼǧ󵨶˻ѾӻѻѨռĸֿʯͻѻˡ
Ƕ˵ȻһһǷʮ̵ʿ۸Ҫг۵һЩǺڸǮ죬ܹ˽ǧƷʯ
ǧЩʯҶء
Ҷؽʯ£ʮ˵İЧʡǧƷʯ㹻һꡣʱڣ÷ȥѰʯ
ǧ󵨶˵Ĺģ㣬ȻҲе˲ٵĺô
Ҷһֻ۱һֻۡҪĸԸΪ飬ô϶С̷Χ֮ڣʡԺǧĴҲ֪ʲôǸõģʲôǲõġ
Ҷǧս̵飬ǧʮĵͷߣ֪϶һЩ
ǧɫһ䣬һս̣ǰս̵ˣ
⵹ûСôսʲôף
ǰ֪ǷöСѲҪ˵ɵĽս̵ʷСԳݣ׶Եͽʿ֡λʷһ۷ʿȴһЩݣ˲ܵ顣ϲԵͽʿĥԶٹټƵĵͽʿһⶼǱĥʮգ龡˻Ǿ
Ȼ飿ˣⷽͲö˵ˡҶԣʯ˵һ£Ȼ֪λʷټʿۻᣬʲôʷʲô˽⣿
СĴδμӹɵĴ£λʷʲôǧҡͷһ£ͻȻĿһˣСǰżȻƽ̵ĵλʷѾھŲ㣬һֱ취ͻƽƿǰ֪ҪͻƽƿҪߵĻԵСͣ۷Ѿʮ֮ãٳûͻƿ
ʷһ˼ⷽ棬飬ȥӹġС֪֮ɽĴ飬ûɽڵӲμӣȻǶԴû˿Ȥ
Сһ²⣬Ȼ֪ʷټʿʲôС룬ӦøƿйϵĻûеʦڡ


247 ¶С
ǧĲ²⣬ҶغܳԾ
ս̵ʷһֱѰͻƽƿİ취
Ҷزɳ˼
δһʮֻ꣬Ҫɵȥ鵤Լаܹ˳ĴﵽھŲΪǵھŲ֮ν𵤣ȴûκΰա
ΪƿǵԪͻơҪĻԵᵤʱҪסһС١ĻûлᵤڽᵤʱסСٶ
ɽУܹΪʿģûһǱʼߣԵ֮ˡ
൤ţӵʿٶλҲֻǴѡǱߣۺǿĵӣȫɵĲ鵤ǽ̵ʱȥƿ
˵ɽ䷽촫˵еĽ𵤣ͻƽƿֻһţû֪١ԭϺ䷽ҪҵҲǼΪѵ顣
൤ɽнʿһɣҲŽӵоλʿƽԼÿʮܳһλʿ
һ֮ޣҲǿھĵಢᣬ׷ǵΪٶȡ
ǣûлΪʿĻͻʸԶûйһ졣ʸ壬ǲüϣΪڶʿϣһûʵͨʿ˫ޡ
ʿԪҲȫ޷ͽʿԪᲢۡ
ҶʹʼղĵΪ׷翵ĳϣΪܹӭȢʸΪʿ
ΪԭҶص֪ʷ֮бȻһ
λʷȻѾھŲ۷ʮ꣬϶Թڶİ취ȥͻƽƿʧܵİ취ҲǱľ飬ԱͬĴ
֪λʷټڶʿͻƽƿĻôԼбҪðЩգȥλʷһ档ͻƽƿȣðһ㲻ʲô
ʷľۻᣬһʮɵʿȥЩգҲһ𿸡
Ҷ뵽ͻȻ¶һ˿ĪЦ⡣
ʷӣȴ׵ټ˻֮ʮСɵʿ֪ЩʿǲǱŸһ뷨֪λʷôͻƽƿŲμӽȥġ
ǧ󵨼Ҷ˼ҴʵʵĴһԺţ˳ס֮ذźá
֮Ҷؿ֮󣬾ʷٰľۻᡣ
úǧ·ȥһ˷и¶С
¶СԶϿȵ˵ɽ¶ڣһλεĶڴ
ƽʱǻ֮ظͷĵطʱѾս̵ʿռݡһŵĺսʿվͨɽµ·ϣɽ紵Σȴ˿
ʱɽ¸дŸɫѵʿǳȻǸɵ¡ǵ¶СҪ£Щʿڸ
¶Сֻʿȥ伴ɣʿ˲ݡⳡۻᣬݡ
Ҷر䣬ֱ·¶СĴ
ǧ󵨣ɽš

ѽⲻϵʷĳ֮
Ǻǣʷһɺã
ϵܵĸõúţ룡
ΪʷվڴſӭӸ·ˡڲʱ˷һĳĳպа޽Ҳǰμξۻᡣ
Ҷ֮غΪߣȻܵõӡҶصĵʷֻԹһ֣к
Ҷز
ʵҲڿյĴʯңɣʮֿտڷһЩªʯʯΡ
ʱѾʮʿȺռݵһʲôǵķԿԿݺǳңȫһɡ
ҶΪ˵Ͳͣеƫ£Ⱥк֮ۡżмʿɨһۣûзκͻ֮󣬱ܿתƵط
ҶȻּԼעĿ͵ڴڲ۵ĵطԾ
ʱ֣μξۻıͣ϶ˡ
ҶغȻ֣ھȻۼ˶ʿɶѾǰɽ磬ﻹ˶ʿвɰԾ֮ʿʵС
һʿڸɡʿܶ඼ǸҶһһˣɢڵڸ֮֮أӵʿټ֮أ໥֮ӵʿ١
ս̽ʷ΢ֵʿɫ˿սթۡ
Ų۷ʵʳΪ֮ס⣬ڻмߵĽɢޣڰˡŲ㣬ʷͷʲôӡ
ʷټλֵǰ˵أʲô˶ˣҲ˵˰ɡʱ䱦󣬿ûʱһЩõķϻһŶҵĻʿ˫ֱǰɭɭ˵
Ҷغܿ췢֣ڲͽʿʿʱ򣬶ЩηʿʷͶ١
ϵܱ𼱣Ȼ·ֵܶˣҲֱˡ
ʷɨһۣЦǰЩӹǣǶǶλƣǺǴλǽʮһΡλ˭Ҳࣿ
˵꣬Цŵʿ
ʿһʱš
һֲǶطַͨʿɽǳϾûʱ䣬йѧûж洦ѧҲֻʷڸ߽ʮʿ˼ȥѧһЩӰ˵ѧ
๤򣬴һƬߴߴɣʷ־Ϊ飬ټֵǰۻ᣿ʷʲô˼û£ټΪ˵
ֻмĸ߽ʿ¶ϲ֮ɫƺʷʲô
ʷЦڵѹ£ȻĵλǶǺǣÿʮ굽ʮŻһΡÿֵʱҲζŵػϫ͵ʱҲ˵һ֮ΪյĵطĴţҵȳ
ڣʿ׹ʷʦټʿ˵أΪ¡֪֮ǲɵһ
Ҫˣ
ʷݹۻ֮أҲֻʷܲ׼Ƕı仯ֻҵҪȺ顣
ֻм֮صʿôһ顣
ҶҲһͷˮƣʲôطΪǻ֮յĵط
ҿһۣԱһͽ׵ĻʿϼȻ֪ôһ¡
Ҷֳ̹ǻʿλ̨棬ôһ£
ʿһۣҶһ˵涼ֵ֪İɣ֪ǻ֮أǧǰһƺ
ҶɻŶʲôƺ
ǻʿʥɽ磡ʥɽǰҲʵʢһӴԵǡʥʳǡϧĻɽ粻֪ôս˥ȥ⵽ԭºɽ湥һƬ֮ءʥʳǱݻ٣˵صʿ˴ߵӵӣʥɽҲǷϣö֮ͳ˻֮أۼ˴ʿ
Ҷشһ£Щز֮أҲһɽ磿
ǻʿһ촽ֵ棬ʥʳǵķ档ʥʳʵΪ֣ʥʳǣµʥꡣĻʳȫݻ٣ǵµĻ겢ûг׷ϵ˵вٵıһصͨÿػϫ½͵ʱͨ򿪣Խ»ꡣʷ¾ڴ⡣
Ҷسһͷ֣лָ̨㣡
ʿ֣˾֪飬ֵ֪Ҳ


248 
ʿȻ֪漴Ϣ֮۷׷ס
ʲôطʲôôֵҵǰȥðգ
¸£澿ʲôôϷְռ⴦泤֮áҪȥɽ磬Ҳץ϶
ʥɽַвʧɷ鱦֮
Щͱǰȥʿһˣǽȥܵõʲô
ܣһգΪλʼڷڣ˽룿ȥɽ磬û˵棬òһᣬȥ̫ϧˡ
˺һŽƽϢʷϾϢʷųģһֻλս̽ʷ
ʷʿǵľ̾۹ˣŻ˵ػϫ½̶ͨʮ굽ʮ½һΣÿλԼάֽ쵽ʱ䣬δиı䡣ֻҪ֮ڳ㰲Ȼ棬ǰһֱɵʿռ˽롣ǰѾɽȥˣϾ˼顣ЩСÿԳ룬档λֵܣҲӦֻԵһպɾδлٽȥˡ
ʿ˼ȥȥ
ҶлһĹǡ濪ǰѰϡٱĺʱǣֺӦüȱܲŶԣԽ٣ŲΪѰִʷģټǰȥδЩ
ֻǣʿҲеһ㣬ʾɡ
Ǽ֮أ˽ȥǵҲֻ»ɥΣաÿη濪ȥԽ࣬Խȫ鱦֮ãҲȥòСǰɵʿһжϷ㣬ͨӦþ֮䣬ñ˷ʱ䡣Ը汾ǰȥģǺһͬԸ⣬ҲǿһϤ㡣
ʷ֮ʮѵȥ
вٵʿ뿪
еǸ׷ã׷֮ͬá֮ڣܹΪģĸûð֮գȥ̽һ߳ĻԵðգѵĺôԼͷϣ
ڣĵʿռ˾󲿷֡໥֮гҲãжԹҲãʾ޴ĲƸǰֻҸãһеȵõ˵

¶СɳϰٵʮɫĹâԶš
Ⱥʿս̵ʷʿ壬ʮڸ߽ʿΪףʿԳƵӴ󣬼Ŀǰ֮һϵľʿ
Ҷ뿪֮ǰǧһŴ
ɽµĺǧӵɫܿ¶ɫ󵨵ǰҪȥ棬ⷻдšǷǴ֮ذʥɽսʿֹǧôͻȻҪȥ棿
ͬû뵽ɵˣǰȥ˷档Ϻô죿ȥȥϴٺƽ̵̳
ƾ˵ʵȥҲô죬£ǰܻܲ
ǧɥǷϣȫǰϣǰҪǻزֻͶɣǵСආ

ʿһ֮һƬɽƽԭش֮أɽ룬ҵһƬɽƽԭҲϺ
ʥʳǵķ棬ƬƽԭġǳطԲʮıߵĳǽʣһЩľ޴ʯ̦بƽԭϡڲٵĹַֻѾưܲɼǿƻĺۼǧЩۼûбʴ
Ƭ޴ĳǳط棬ϡܹԵǵķʢ
Խ˴ϰʿͣƬģ޴ĳǳط棬һĸо
Ҷؾȡ
ӹģϿʥԵǣ˿ԵǵĹģסߣֻ²ܸߴʮ֮ڡ
ҪܴݻһԵǳءӴɳǣȴ˥ֻܵʣʯ棬Ӳݴľء
ɽĲпᣬһߡ
ҶԭΪǵĿĵءȻǣʷʿֻפڳǳطϿ΢ͣС
ҶѯͬеʿŪһ顣
ʥʳǷ桢ʥ棬Ȼһڵ棬һڵ£ͬһطͨͱݻ٣޷ֱӴӻʳǽꡣһطµĻꡣ
ʥʳǳױݻ٣ﾭʿûκαʥֻһ֣ʩɻãвٵ֮
֮ʿڻʳǷ汱ɽշͣ£һ޴ĵط죬ֱͨصףɼʿͣʷһȣֱط롣
ʿ·С
ҶףͨӦþط졣
һԥʿط졣ȻѾˣҲûĵ˴ǰĽʿǲǳ֮һȺʿȻðȻգǻûΣյһȺʿĵز
طһƬڣʿʮɫķԿĻ
ԽطȥԽȡ
½ʮ֮ѾԿصѷðҽȵػɢű˵Ϣͣ˷ڵط఼͹ľ޴ʯϣʱϢ
ҶؾĴŵطܣûκͨô»ꣿȻɻ󣬵ǼʿϢָҲöʡ
һʯϥ¡
С֮ҶڷһЩߣص׵ҽڲϵ½̶ʱѾ½һɶࡣ
ʷ˵ҽϫÿʮ굽ʮ꣬ҽϫǺǵ潻½͡Ǹʱͨ¶ͨͨʱ
Ҷ뵽˴Ѿ׹ͨİ취ĵĵȥ
ʿǵļѣҲ֪˶ãҽ½һֱ½ɡصʯϣ¶һȻѷ졣ѷڵҽҲѾȥ
ⳡҽϫԼգյʱڻ
ʷɨһˣڲĻôͨ±ҽգʮ֮ŻٶȿɱԹҡͨѾ֣λֵܸ
ХһŷɽһԾѷ졣
ʿ״ٵ飬ȫ֣ԦȵȸʽŲʱӿҽѷڣѷڴС
ѷڷԶͻȻͣ
ԭѷǰһƬޱ޼ʵĺ׵ػ𺣣ÿһ䡣
̶ֳȵĵػ棬Ȼղʿ
Ҫ棬뿪֡ڻʱ䳤ˣļ죬һݽߣҲ·һ
û˸óȻȥ
ʷǰɫص˵
Ƭǵ磬ĴΧ磬ػԴԴϵγɣάּõʱ䣡ԭºɽ繥Ƶ»꣬ѵ»ݻ١Ϊ˱ʿ棬ν硣ֻû뵽һصѷ͵»ͨҵػĻƻ仯ӰЧҽϫ½ʱҲ½͵ĳ̶ȡƬ֮󣬱ǻˡ
ΪŹ֣ΪԽߣųԽǿϵĸ߽ʿ޷ڡΪԽʿųԽǿͨȻΪ̫ͣʿᱻֱҲȥֻʿܹ롣
֮صλȻѾãǴûԽȥÿζǲԽʿȥ̽ʮǰǺƽ̵ĵӣһλͨʱҽһΣϤԽȥ֮󣬴ҲҪóȻжܹ汾һж̶ȵڻԱ
ߣģɲֻһλƽ̵ͽ֮⣬Ⱥˣʮ۾飬ɲٶ١
ŶҵĻʿ壬˵
ϵܣ뵥жҲ⡣ڻջûǸһߡ쳣ɲǳܵʱ֮ĶԹûҪ
ʷ˿ĳɹЦݡðմ棬սλʿμӡǾԼڷεӰֻ
һδٶ˵ֻĶǰ𺣡Ȼһޣʵ㹻֮Ա˵˶ôδܻ
Ҷʹɽڻǰͣ£ĬĬĴΪ׵߽ʿüͷ
ʿ֮УΪʮССŻͬһɵʿ໥ʶʿͨһ໥֧Ԯ
һ˵ʿҲټռ֮һҡ
ʿڿһʷ˵ִһǻ֮λս̵Ľһڻ֮ʵΪֲһλʿ˶ܵ
ͷʿ࣬ǼڰˡŲĸ߽ʿЩ֮ƺвٵľɶԹͷҪȺ֮صʿģǸܵ顣
ֻܼ֮£СĽǵ֮вСЩɱɾûֵĿܡ


249 
ʱ䵢鲻ãͷ߽ʿһڽ֮󣬱һͷ͵֮УٶȴƬ磬ǰ档
Ҷؿˮϵֵ棬²ŷɽͿշС̶ֳȵ棬൱һʿĻв
ԸоһɹŹֵ֮мѹĹ֣ķٶȿġƺǵЧ޷ѵ
ҶЩǵΧʿȥ
ΧʿѾð˴󺹡Щ߽ʿɫǳأеٶҲΪԽߵʿӰԽǳܵѹĳ档
ҶԣοڵͽʿһЩ
ʿͷǰɣͬʱóָֻƷƷʯȵȣԼ֧ŸáȻпٻָƣǾ͸ˣܹΪɵĻָֻǣ̫٣ûԸʹá
ƷʯķվǱȲĸ졣˲ǣƬûб߽һһֱɲͷʱ֮ʿķĽ룬¶ԵĿꡣ
ǶԼܲڷľ֮ǰԽƬ𺣣еĲ㡣Ҫڶʱ֮޷ȥǾʿҲҪľ֮С
ʷķΧô˴󣬻Ҫòܷɹȥһʿĺ
жʱܷɹȥǳܲסˣǾͻȥûǿ档ʷͷһۣһͽʿ˵ܵѹ󣬶ЩԹٻӦ
ʿУĬ
ʱ֮
ǰһСʮнʿڴ˵磬һƬ硣ȵִģȲΪˡŲĸ߽ʿҲΪһĵͽʿǴм㵽ʮʿ
ҲҶڣʿǱ˵ܵѹСгƣࡣķҲŽһСֶѡ
Ҷسܹһ¡
ʮֿ㣬ԼʮﷶΧԾǣǵǰһΰĵ³ǣںڰ֮СڵĳǳأԿٵط̮ٻĺۼ
ǳ
⣬ǳؾǻ桫
һͬĻʿ¶ϲ֮ɫʱĻ𺣷Уڳǰ㲻Сһ뵽ǧ鱦֮ּ
ǲ̶ֻ֣ʣʱ䣬һȥһҵ鱦֮
ףоЩаţǵ˶ˣжҲ١
ͬʱִʿǷ׷׷ԣǰĳǳأһͷ޴ޱȵޣһĪصѹ
ǳ棬ƺʲôڿǣо쳣Ĺ졣
ͻȻҶһݣŤͷͷһǿȥͷƺкü׾κӰζһ£漴ʧ̫Զʲôڶ
ʲô
ʿڴǰǳأһĻʱ㷲
ѵ˽ˣ
ܰһֱڻͨڣǵһִûܱǸˡ
ҪȻʮǰڵʿ
ǣǺպ׵أ˭յĵطôã

ʮʿӰӻг˳һʿƺΪϤǳسͷӰһЦ
ʲôСֵģֻǼڵĿܶѡǲ᲻֪ʥɽʿóıܡԪ֮вٵĿܻܻ
ȳʮʿǿܣʱȻԡ
ܿ죬ʿ磬½ִ˵硣
Щʿû̿˼ԭϢϢָʿȫϢ׼ꡣ
ʷʮʮǰ˵أо߽ʿϢ֮󣬱̽ʿۼһνڡ
ǵ飬֮󣬷ǵûɣٴС
Ҷؾȣ澿ʲô֮ϰʿʰ³ͷܣҲٵĿܣ൱ı׾ⲻѶԸ
һԶںĻͷѹסɻĬĬ׼Ϊʿмеˮ׼Ҷ˽⣬׼ʿж
׼жʱ򣬲ʿԶǳأۡ
ʥ꣬ʵһ³ǳأǵʥɽʥʴۣΪԼ׼ĳ͵ĹѨס˵ĳǳءķǿиʽͿܡĴ󲿷嶼ƻֻǲ֪ΪʲôĿһֱɱ
ʥʣΪɽĴôôŹֵ֣
ʥʴԪӤڸ߽ʿϲԷ׵ҲΨһһλͳʥɽʿԭºɽʿ뿴ʥʴһҶַͻϮʥɽôױ
ԪӤʿǿǴ˵вﰡ
ʥҲùģԪӤڸ߽ˣΧˡָܳɵˣֻΪΪɣҲԪӤʿ
ڵĸɽ磬Ѿ֪ûԪӤ˳ֹˡ
ʿҡͷ̾ȻҲֻ΢̾һ¶ѡҪᵤڶ죬ԪӤζȥľ硣ҲǿԼû㹻ĻԵܹҵʥɽı
꣬Ϊ֣ǽ򡢹ǽﵽдĿܣꡣֻмܹǽǽǴӶϽߵĳǽȥ֮ڳѰǵʱ䲻࣬ûջ񣬶֮뿪棬ֻ·һ
ս̽ʷʿټһڵϻһǳشµޱ˵
ʿ߽ʿʷΪסϾʷΪǿģǿ߲ܵж졣
߰ɡұűж໥֧ԮҪǶԹϷ򡣡
ʷĵ˵ͷƮǳأĿ¶ɲĹâطʮǰٴðǰ־ڱصáܲܳɹȫðˡ
ڻͷϣѾʮҡεĺɫӰӣƺԽԽơ
ʷŽʿɽܵͣ档ǶҲǼִ֮ܵľ롣
ʱĻͷϣͻȻǵ΢â鲼ͷٸ֮࣬Ҳ֪Щâʲô
ҶػȺм䣬ʱһֱ͵Ķ߶ϵĸоƺʱ⵽ҵϮһݣǺɵضһʿĺ棬ͬʱһ𽣷Լǰ
ٵҫޱȵĹâӳͷϱŷÿһâеȭͷСľСֱӴԽľ롣ڿĽʿ
Ǻءܼʩչ磬ǰ棡ʷųһʮɳľͶƷһХ


250 ʯ˿ܺͷ
ۼͷϱŷٹâǺȺʿ̴ԵķڵĳЩâӭȥ
䡢䡢䡪
ٵҫ۵ĹâͰϰټâķײһ𣬷ҵĺ¡
Щǰʿҵҡһ²ȶɫȻЩâϣǿûſԵֵס
ǳһæˣ˻صʿɵܼȥԼ޴ĺء
ͽз÷ǰֵֻҪŹ룬ܵ϶Ͻǵĳͷһռ˳ͷ̽еʯ˿ܺͺڸݻ٣
ǰս̽ʷһ߿ٵָʿһ׳һ޶ܷԳ˽ʮâĺӲʮɣɺ޾⣬ǣʿͷȥ
Ҷزڣ˿ޱȵļԦŷֵϮĹâȻ޴󣬵ڶ߽סнʿǰ棬Ƿǳȫģòʿȥǰ档
ûʲô飬ȴκˡ
ͷϾǺأ
һߺڵЧãⶫܴ󣬿ϧٶȻһʿҲܿһߺڸɵ
ͻȻ֣پߺһ󣬽дΧǺʱ򣬿ɵķΧͬնʱʿ㶼û취ֻܿѡӲ˺˵ĺ
һȺϰʿҲֻܽԱҵ⺧˵˭ˣҲܶͺԱ
ھ껹дԼԶССľ룬ֻҪƵĴ۲ſܿȥ
룬Ѿܹ΢Ĺâͷϵ
ĳͷϣȻ鵽ǴССĺڡ
ͷϲЩڵģȻʯ˿ܣͬͷ飬塣Щʯ˿ܶ׾ٿųͷĺڣǷ
ͷϵĺڷΪС֡
һͺڣڿֻڴҲ΢С㡣
һͺڣڿľ㹻һںһʿʵǿ߽װˡŲʿûֵס߽ʿҲֻܵһڶѡ
ڣÿһǽϵͺֻ̨ѣ඼ͺڡǶԣֱһجΡ
Ҷ׹Ϊʲôս̽ʷ֪֮ͨҪټôʿһǰѰұΪˣͷĺ졣
ֻɻÿʮͻһʿǰ˵أʯ˿Ϊʲôûбɾɻ˼⣬ͷ
Ҷš
һâź꣬ʿһâֺ˹
һأʷҲȻ˻ڣһʵǿĸ߽ʿ嶥ǰ棬ʿͷϳ塣Ϊ˳ڣ˶Թ˿ûӰǵĺ
֮䣬ӲܼĺһȺʿ˻궫ϽǵĳͷϣѸٳϳͷʮʯ˿ܸ
Щʯ˿ǵͽ׿ܣʵһܴϡá
ҶظʿڳͷϣĺڡЩڱװڳͷͳǽһ壬޷ȡĺҲ֪ʲôƳɵģ÷һ£ֻǿһȱڶѡ뽫޷Ըˡ
Ȼռ˶ϳͷǴǽĹâ԰ȵĴڳͷϡǰеʯ˿ܶС
죬ڸͻȻһȺÿһֻɴСĴų򳯶ϳͷǵĳȻľʣľ죬ľצǶźɫʯͷҫźĹ⣬֮Ⱥľİͷ֮࣬ѹѹһƬ
ʷʲô
ǻɵľܰʲô
ʲôɾˡ
ʿЩ񣬾զδʿ۾
Ƿ𰣬ôôࣿһҲûм˵ķ𰡣졫ӣӲ
ʷۼȺľӳڷ˳ͻһʱĿһĻɫˢһ±ף
ţҲУһԾ³ͷڷȥս̽һŲ۷ʿһȺľ񣬾Ȼַܣֱš
ǣʱû˸ҳЦ
ͷеʿȺľǻԶͻȻһţһɫĹЩɫƯڿУȭͷС죬ٶȲ̫죬ȴˡ
ףֲ㹻Ԫըķ򡣡
ʿȻɫﻹ˼ʿ󣬲˼ʹ˳̵ľæɢݣʷɿӽڵķ֮СԴ֮ѾͽеǱˡ
˽Ҳû㹻ܵססʱֻܾܵɢҵطܷܼը
䡪
Ƭסղʿվĳͷž춯ص׻𶯣һƬɵļӲʯǽֱӱ׸˷飬ʯ飬Ǹ¶һ׵Ĵ󶴡
ղǵֵף³δܱǽö١
ͬʱҽУмͷʿ׵ನֱӺڵϣ˲᲻صˣʱûйȥǵ
ֻʯ˿ܺͺڣǶֻڵ滺ƶѣٶ׷ʿһֵסҲ
Ⱥ𰣬ٶȼ죬ֲﶼףֻ취Ա
ʵӲƴǻаոɵȺİֻ𰣬ʯ˿ܣ϶ḶʹĴۣһʿڴ˵ء
ǻѰɲܱ㾡ʿ˳ͷֱӳڵķ֮жܡ
еĿܶһ㣬ʯ˿ܣ߻ľ𰣬Ƕû㹻ûʶ˼ֻҪǵҰΧʧܰȫҽڣܿǵҰεķһ㣬ȻǱеڹȥڴ»ϣλֵรɣȥҲ
ʷһڻмӣһ߳ʿ󺰡գ۹һѾʧ˻֮С꼫󣬿ˡǰ˽㹻֮
дĹ¥󡢸լܶ඼Ѿ̮ٻϰʿɢУʩչֶΣܿͲʧҰΧĿʧ֮󣬴󲿷ʯ˿ãȻͣ»صڳͷλãֻʣʯڳѲߣڻǵİзȥ
ڣţ֮ǰսûзһ


251 ǰ
ҶɵΣϢǱڻڵķ֮Уֵܿʯ˿ܣԼڰвʱɹ֨֨ķ𰡣
ʥһ³ǳأʩڶֵ࣬¥һӦȫﲢסʿдƷλԳʥʵԪӤʿõġ
λʥΪʲôҪԼôһӴĹͲͨʿܲ²⵽ġ
ʥɽһ൱ϵɽ磬ʿóܡԪ֮ڵƷУȻдЩйصƷ˵ɽطٶǴʥɽȥġ
ʥʡԭºĴɽս걻ʿƣڵһƷߣֻƷټһصͨÿʮʿƷ඼ѹһգҪڷҵ鱦֮ﲢס
Ҷһ̮һ¥󷭶ţͼǳķѰҳһ
ûԼҵʲôñһˣܲܰɣҲҵԼõĶ
С칦¶ϲɫ˫ִǽڳһ̴ܷľӣɨȥ೾ꡱһľУʢƽֽĶ
ףϹʱڵؾ
Ҷһʵصؾڻ֮صķһţ˵Ǵӷҵģһš⼸ؾۿ
ͼ
ʯ˿ͼ
ͼ
Ҷϵ֣ͼ̣ǳӣһȴһͷˮֹ˼䣬⼸ݳؾ봢СȻԼδõϣû
¥мһֻǺƺΪֹżһЩ֪ʬź֮⣬δҵ
һƬ¥ڵС֮ûиջҶؾǵĵشǱȥս̽ʷʿϡ
ϾĿĲΪѰ鱦֮Ϊʷ
ʷһŲ۷ʿ֮ʵʿðΣ棬ΪѰһò鱦ƷΨһԭֻΪͻĽƿͻƽƿһжǴҪġ
Ȼʷûж˵ĿģǴмеʿ֪뿴ʷʲô
ҶҲ뷨Ҫ뿪
¥ʮԶͻȻ΢źߣŭųҶζʱһһɵһĺڰ֮УȫϢ
һһźµӣǰŵһзľʹһֱһŮ˹ֶ¥ϡ
ŮˣֹĺİϧҪӵ֪ڽ𵤴ǰû˻᲻ģ밵ûôס
žʹγŵзٵؿڵļ÷һѪ˿ڣ˵˼䣬㸩ѲŮӵʬ壬ҳʶ̽һ£ԭϣʱ¶Цݡ
û뵽׼Ķ治ٰӴƷ⼸ӵƷӦ㹻ȥһ𵤻ˡϷᵤɹ׹ĪģӲĺô
΢Ϣһ£һʶ²֮̽󣬿뿪¥档
ҶĬĬģۿǾ߱Ůʬ壬δǰ̽顣
ղӣһӡǻ֮һСɵĽһԣڰ˲ĸ߽ʿ̫͵Ҷػ˺һšŮӸ˹ϵУƺӵİ£Ϊͬ͡
ֻǲ֪ǶôͻȻʱһһˡ
ҶذҡҡͷϢ˳¥
˵֮صĽҲʵǲֵǮֻҪ΢еʵʿܹ£ʮʿԳĳĳɡ
Ҷػ˰ʱ䣬ԽڵĴƬĹǽ⹬ǽ֮ߣֻҪǽڹ֮С
⹬ǽ棬ϥ߽߰ʿǲŽڹλһҲУκ쳣
ﲢûʯ˿ܺͷ𰿿еķ𰶼ֻİѲӣԶƬڹƺƬڹ쳣ΣյϢ
ҶصĵЩڸ߽ʿĸ⡣ȥڹģӵмǿʵС
ʷɳҶضۣ˵
ðսʥˣϣԼܵõջƬ֮Уϸգ϶ҵٵջðսڹȻܹõõĶڹ֮УĳΣհٱСֵܵĵȻСͽ׵ΪһұԣûҪڹȥҪǸǽȥڹ棬ֻ׶༪١Ϊһ̰ģɻ
ʷ֣ҼȻˣȻڷĴڹеĿܣӦòȷɣ
Ҷһ۰ڹƽ˵
ʲôЩľĹֻȵһʿĹѡʱޣֻ÷ǾѡڹеЩܱǶֻϼθǰˡԪӤʿأôֻз͵Ŀ
ʷЦ
ʷֱŻλСֵܣڹֻмܶѡλСֵܼȻȥƣҲûʲôԡ˫ֱأڹǽ˵
˳Ĭ
ת۹ڹſڴȴʱѾһա½ڹǽģȴֻжʮʿʿûڹģӦöˡڹʿƶڻѰ鱦֮ҵ鱦֮Ҳ㲻СϾ˭ȥڹ
Ҷȴ˵ġڹļ⼸һȺ߽׵ʿ治ҽȥɲΪǼ׶ԸΣճ̶ȣ϶ȷҪϺüΡ
๻˶ԸǼɱȥɣ
ʷһˣͻȻվ
ʮһ߽ʿнʿʿһԾɸߵĹǽڹȻһСȺʵǿʿ
ҶǰģһӴޱȵĹ
ǰĶһ
ֻһ
һһȺʿһղҽ
ɢűϢһİڵϣѾʮδ¸һĳǰĵΪһ壬̦
ʮʿǽڻ빬ǰʱ
̧ͷͷ˸һ⡣
ꡱнһںڰ߲ǹվһƬȻߴʮɣǹڵǰĶΪȥҪ빬һǲС
ǵǰʮǰ֣ʿֽٹһΡûָֻԭֻǲʵʮǰǷб仯λ˭Ըһԣ
ʷ˵


252 ֲ
һһ㣬粽ǹھ޹ǰʿδǿд빬ҲΡȻδֻвʱ⣬ʿһ
ʷʿѯʣ˭Ըǰ̽ʵ
ʿڰգһʱĬ˭ҲԸա
һŻѵ߽ʿʱ˳˵ȥӦܴ󣬴纣ɣ
˵ţ޴ųһͷ׵ߡ
ͷ¶ö߳ĶżӲɫƬףˮͰࡣԼǿķƣۼ׾ķڳκһʿ˵ⶼһͷС׺ߡ
Ŀ¶׹⣬ӳǰߴ˹ȥ
ȥ֮ǰһ¡
ϾֻһͷޣоǰжвϢĶǰδ
ʿδ֣ڶߺĶҪڻ깬ǰΨһһжôǿʵ
λʿĴߴ֮£͵һԾҧסȣβһİסɣǶڸߴʮɵ˵ԵС˺ܶࡣ
Ŀкڶˡ
ĶһǹȥǸ˰߲ļǹ죬ȴ᲻ɴݣһǹͷӲۼף˶ͷ­͸ڹǰĵϡ
ߵԽѿԽĽҵ˼ʮ£βͽʯذĳһĺӡ
ֻһǹ׺ݸɴ࣬ûκζĶ
߳鴤˰ΣûϢ
Ǽ׵ļܣһǹߣ
ʿĿɿڴһȻ֮·׷׵ɣԷǰǸںڵǹ˲۵ǹ⡣
һǹߣҲζǸǹܹһǹ͸Щʿš㿪˷֣żзҲδؾܵסǸǹ
纣ʿɫףͷ˽꣬޵ʵΪսһǹͱˣնһۣʹҪѪ
Ҷ𾪣ĿܣӦǽ𵤼Ŀܡѹʷ֮ǰ˵⹬ڵļܣԶķȡĿܣһǹҪʿ
һ߸ʿˣһ侲İ䴢ϣʱ׼ȡʩչƿߡʵֲǰֻһ·κνҵĿܡҪñȥɡ
ʷʿмΨһ㹻򶨵ˣˣССһڡΪӸղһǹıֿδʮǰ١ȻʮǰܸɵôҲܡ
뵽ʷмְա
߽׵ܣɱͷȵһ𵤳ʿĹʵǿΨһһ㣬ǾٶȲ죬ٲǿ졣ȫְɣСǹҪ̫һǹͻ
ʷ˵ţһţһС˫ַתӭǣգ۹ѾɴСſ糯˹ȥ
ս̽ʷԳԪ˫֡ǷͷԲ޷档ֵм䣬һСһֵ֣ĹâԵð޹⣬ϬϬĹ
Ԫ
ڳʿ״ٳɣ׷׼ԼǿĹֶΡʮķһȫ˹ȥ
Ҷؽ𽣷ȥͬʱĳ˫ȥ⻹һμʿʹԪ˫ֵĹâƣѹڳеķ
Ŀкһǹӳ衣
ǽ飬ʿĿɿڴܼʮ죬ʮĵϸؿһԳѺַۣµġϵλûܵκ˺
ͷһؿڣⱩƺŭˡǸ߽׼ܣͷԺͽ𵤳ʿᲢ۵Ĵڣԭʿ޼ɵķ
ͻȻ΢΢һףȻ͵һԾʮɸߣнյǹ͵ĴͶȥĶٶȲ죬ǹٶҲһʿȡ
ʿƮڰУ͵ǰŽһɵİȫ롣ޱȣӦ÷ɲǿľӦǱȽϰȫġǿޱȣҲδؾܹǡ
뵽ʩչͶǹԶĹֶΣʿ״󺧣æɢݶǸľǹ
߽ʿ˵ǵٶȼ죬ӹһǹ̫ѡ
Ƕͽ׵ʿ˵һǹ̫죬ٶԵùڻ
ҶڣһʿֻĿǸںڰ߲ǹԽԽ
ǹʿȺм䣬жʱҽУӦʿǹɨУڵϡ
ͽ׵ʿǹ̴енʿǹɨУܵ˵ڵϡ
ʮʿգ˽ķ֮һ
ʣµ߽סнʿ֮·ɵĸˣٴγΪͶǹĿꡣȻҲڹ̫ԶԶĳȺ𰣬ͬǸ鷳
ҶĶѩ׵򣬷ڰУδ
ղſȥʱͷоЩͶǹʱҪĹͷɵ˫ʩչƿ˶¶Ҳϧ
ǰڹðյͽʿУֻһƾӹһ٣ͽʿѾ档
ŵʿδĿЩҶأ
ǶϹӣȻ˸ղһĻǹҪɨҶصʱҶر϶һѩ׵һģԭʧųʮ֮⣬ΪҴΨһһͽʿ
ƿ׵ķϵݷԸȵġ
ǹĿУżּʡֻһҲǼƷ֮÷ͬСɡͷڶһű
еǰҲû⹦뷨뷨ҪҶصнȥҲÿûǸ׷ϡ棬Գ顣
ʷֻҶرϵɨһۣûٿ׷ͻƽƿ̤Ͻ𵤴ʩչƿҲֻǲѣĽʿǰá
һǹŪŪмʿɫúѿɫֻ̤壬ܽǰ޴Ļ깬֮С


253 
ǸǹڰշһȦֻصСʿ˰ɵĸߴԶǹͶ䷶ΧԱ֤Լİȫ
Ȼˣľ밲ȫǰȫˣ˵ǣҲ޷ʶٿطоƵģ̫Զľٿطԡ
һʱ䣬ʿסˡ
ʷ֣Ӳĳ棬ǹֿԳԶͶ䣬ʵǵСһͨʱɳʮʿһ֣ͬʮˣŽ١ǵһ룬߽ʿʮһˣ඼нסʿʷʲô취
²һɽɫصĳʵĹ֮£ܱ侲߽ʿ֮һ
ʷ΢΢ͷȻеѡ
ǵ˵ȷ˵㡣һԵ㣬ٶȲ졣ֻҪ׼㣬ֻʮҲһܹ¡
ʷʿȥ˼Ÿô֡
ĿͣΨһһʿҶϡ
˼
ܿ죬ʷӦ֮ߣҶسǰע⣬ʿɢŻΧй
ҳǰ棿
ҶȻôҲ벻Լᱻȥָ߷յ顣
СֵһΨһܾܿʿδܹһ㡣ΨһһͽʿҪЩ߽ʿ깬֮ڣͱײУܰװ׸ŽȥĻھ뿪˵ءﲻҪûõˣԼһ°ɡ
ʷ䵭˵
ʿҶء
ҶƣΪͣȻΪʿм⵽ӵһˡҪôǰ浱ڻңҪôڱ뿪ǰûȥһۣȻ뿪
ĬһҶͬȥٶɵľ룬ע⣬Ϊʿȡʱ䡣൱İܿĹ
ʷһʿɢҶظȥ
ʿٶȳ֣廨ŵķϵ˹ȥػӣϵĺˮϵˮϵΣϵľޱ׶Ƹɫâϱըš
Щ߽ʿǼսˡͨķ޷˼Ǳýͷйס
Ͷ乥Ҷظܿ
ҶؿÿͶǹʱ򣬶һǹĶȻѸ͵Ͷȥһǹ᲻ɴݡͶ䣬һͽʿǼܣ߽ʿҲһѺǣҶ˵ΨһҪıǹͬʱĶһ˫ǹѾԭʧҲֻиɵ۵ķݣҪٴͶ䣬õǹڰһȦС
ҶضѾʮֵ죬һۻҵƿƵת
ʷ˵ٶʵЩɵܲʿһ֪ﳤֻ̣ܶһЩж߽׿ܣʮԡʿȥٿؿܣܷܲս
ڲ׷Ҷصʱ⵽ʿϵķ
ֱ۴ֵĺסһѴ˺ѿʵס͵ײǽɳľޱ׶ײϣҲ΢΢һѡ
޼᲻ݵĿֲս˵ɥҶظǲͬһطͣƬ̡
վֵסʮ߽ʿַ
ʱ֮ϸһɵɫ㣬˫㱻ʯסһһн׽ԽԽٻӲͣ
ܲסѹһڵϣʮظϵĽѹסڱס֮һھ޴ĵػӴӰѹȥ׵ڵϡ
ǰʿӡסˣɱҲáҪӷӡгҲõȽʧЧʧȥЧ֮С
ս˰ʱʿӰԵһԭϢϢָûһˣɹǰӡסǸеľϲ
ȻҶسǰ浱ڻңɹעЩϵ
ô˵Ҷʩչһۻҵƿļ֮󣬵û˸СͽʿʮɷΧ֮ڣûҶأ±һֲ˭ҲԼıͻȻƿճһʿ
ܾǿܣӵнʿʵҲ޷ʿȡֻϧûɵһѵĸ߽ʿ纣йߵĺݺڵػһšߣУڻŭѡ
ǰסǰڹĴʿ˴šһ֮Ѿʯףߡ
ܸղľһ𱬣ʮŵĴʼûκζһͷԵޣѹʿ񾭡
һž޴ĵʯһֱ͵صϷʯ
صĹͭţڸ֨бƿ
һͨ߶Ƕʮɣһֱǰ졣ʿЯķŵĹâƺڰɣֻǿǰʮɾ롣
Ҷһɴĸоʿɫ԰ףͬܣһ˷ֵĪѹ
߰ɣǵĿĵأ˵ĻܵõĻԵʷЩѹסͷļͷٲͨȥĳȣ깬ǰҲЩʧ̬
ȥ
ҶоŽ𽣷ɫâҫͨĸڡϵһ޴ĸͼδŵޣݡޡ֣ڸԭ֮໥ɱ
ҶȻЩͼϵޣ󲿷ֶûмֻмһڹżмֻʿЩͼҲĿ֪࣬Щġ
ͨһʱǰʷͻȻɫ䣬ͣǰʮ֮ں˷׷׳ǰȥɵĶһ
һɸߴĹͭɫֳͭһ˶ͭǹİͨǰ
ͭͭ
ô깬ڣм
ʿһ˲˺¶־֮ɫתӡһǰѾǳԾ˿ͷ᲻֪ͭȻС˺ܶСͨڣֻȫûҲδͭĶ֡
ǺܿͷԼ龪һͭ˫Ŀûκζδ⡣Ҳζᶯϵǵ˺ۣһֱĻ࣬һ֮ܶһƻķƷûκв
ͭʮǰݻ٣ƺûһ޸ʷͭһµ˵
ʷ֣ļж𣿡纣Ծʵ
ʥ깬ڣһֱ߽ס˽סŽ׺ͼƷŽ׿ܣһһģݹȥʮνľÿֻһᱻ޸ĶǱ״̬ӦҲ⡭ǻˣ
ʷԥһ˵


254 ̳ͽ
ڹͨһͭ龪һ֮һʮ߰˼ȥʿߵĺԽ깬ߣǹϢѹԽڽӽڵʱǼÿһҪ־УֻǹĻŵѹ֮µͷߡ
ھ޴ջ֮£ջǹͨߡֻڹҪõĶǰ޴Ŭ֮ǾĿֶġ
ͨͨ˻ڵ棬ֿһŽ׿ڵϣֻдԼɸߣͭСһ룬ؿȫȥƺݻ١
ΧʮʿĺǣԼõʿΪ˻˶ôʹĴۡ
Сĵƹڵȣ
ʮֿտмһ̳̳ʮɣŴطģ̳Ϸһտɫĺ֮ס
׵ĲʣӦرʯӲһܳõı͸տɫԼŵһɫ۵ĸߴӡ
̳棬ֱĸͻأĽĸǳĴۡ
ÿһֱ۴ֵĽɫ׺ݵĴ͸ף⸱׸ڼ̳ϣеһ͸˹ӵΪƾ˼֮
Ҷؿ׵ʱƺЩ˹
빬ܵǹصѹ⸱סŵӰӦñǵһͳʥɽԪӤ߽ʿʥʵλ˵еʥʣû˭ʸ档
Ҷزɵĸе𺳣λʥѾˣ𲻻ȴɢϢϢ˲˼顣
ֻǣҶػǻһɻ󲻽⣬ڵĶһ۾ͿԿ⣬⸱׼ֵǮ֮⣬ûκ鱦֮ʷЩ߽ʿ﾿ʲô
ѵѱ׸ȡߣ
뷨Ҳб°ѽɫϲаɲΪⱾ´ĽɫôױȡߣͱǰȡˣֲЩ֡Ȼ깬Ϊסʲô
ҶСĴŴܵ
мʮֿտһ̳һסĸĽɫ֮⣬ûĶ
ıһ̨ף̨ȥһǶŵıһֻһĸߴ𽣣ĿϵĶûκζ
Ҷ˫ͫ͵һƷŽ׿ܣ൱ڽ𵤾Ų۷ʵĿܣײʵţ΢һ£½񾭣Գ
ǲƵķƷܣᶯûʲôõĵġ
ͷֳ̳ȥֻͷһɲʼ޷ȥ
ʿվڼ̳£̧ͷż̳ǸףԼʥʵɫӡ
ԪӤʿԭº֮صɽ磬ѾܾûгˡΣҲôһ죬ԼܹΪԪӤʿǿߣֻͨһЩ伮֮С
ʵϣΨһеһССǳΪʿһССһļޣΪ۽ðգҲδؾܴɡ
һԪӤʿǰʱеĸζ֪羴ĽߺޡЩӵԺתһȦȴΪһ̾Ϣ֪Ҫߵ츳ͻԵпܳΪԪӤʿ
һʱ侲쳣İ
ˡ
һĽڹͻأĻص
ʿһȥĿڱ̨סղǸǴӴ̨ױϷġһڱϣɫͷ˶֪ʲô˫ĿϵıʯһһĹâ
ʥɽս̽Žʿʷݼʥʱ£ʷ¶ϲɫޱȵİݵڵϣߵס
ʷһ䡰ݼʥʱ¡ûаҶأλ״ʿû⡣ԪӤʿʥʣ
ʮλ߽ʿȴδ죬һѸٸʷݵڵϡ
ʥɽޣŽʿ壬ݼʥʱ¡
ʥɽԪ̣˽ʿһԣݼʥʱ¡
ʥɽʿ˽ʿ纣ݼʥʱ¡

Ҷصȼ״ʿǼ٣æߵݣϸԵšҲԭǴģɵԳǡʥɽ硱ʿԲλʥʵĻϲ
ǿΪɽ磬ʿƽʿԼܹõɽԪӤʿټϵҺĻԵϵڱûʲô
ǽʿҲԸ⸶֮κδֻۣΪõԪӤʿټֻҪܵõԪӤʿһСС㣬ʤԼʮϰĿޡ
ҶͻȻһ˺֮ܶǰɻ󲻽顣
ʷЩ߽ʿڹһֱĪ;дڹľЩʿͨʮ꿪һεͨյĵ磬ðž޴Σջ깬ΨһĿľΪ˰ݼʥʣһ߳ĻԵ
ҶԺѾͻĻңԼ侲˼飬ͼеͷ
ʥɽ类ԭºʿһͬơ»Ҳһ󲿷ִݻ٣ֻйһСֱʥʵ⸱ڡ
˵ʥˣҲڱˡ
˾ȴǣȴܹ
ʥĸ߼ܣʥʱˣָܹӵĶҲ˵ʥӦûţһ޸ЩĿܡֻλʥҲ̫һɣ
ҶԺϡͿ
һ㣬˵ĽǾԼٲˡ
ҶɫŹֵ̳ıŵλ˵еʥʣʥӦʶٿؽɡ
ʷʥʼǵһҲȻٴͨ˵ǰĿ飬ôʸʥʽһιƷһʲôƷҪ׸ʥʣ
˫Ŀһ£Ŵ·ʷ˵˵š
ʥʱ£Ľ֮ĺķʮռƷԭϣǧĸһǧ꼦ѪʯʮöıһǧݵߡԼһǧϵƷʯ
õѯʣʷæӻȡһ˫
Աʿʷ
ʷ׳ЩƷֵܼٳʮƷʯֵͬѰЩƷһʿľһֻҲ޷ռеһС֡ʷȴҪȫ׸ʥʡ
ֻҪһʷĿġͻƽƿȻ𵤴㹩ƷֲˡЩƷܽᵤֻκһɶŰ֮Ĳ͵
һУǸȡ˹ȥ򿪣ȡһĸ⿴һۣĺʷ
ôҪӱʥеõʲô
𵤣
ʷϷ⣬쳣ļóȫҲѹȫϣڡһΪûд㹻ĹƷʹʧ˵õһԵĻᡣ
ΪʿѾһʮԪٹԼʮԪľʮڻ޷õ𵤣нᵤĻôҲԶˡѾȲһλ꿪׹ƷҲ˵Ψһһλý𵤡ֻнᵤſԪȵӳꡣ


255 ׹Ʒ
ҡҡͷ
ʥûн𵤡ƽҪһζѻõҩҪһλʦС»꣬ǲЩġңһƻҲһ𵤡
ʷ˲ѪɫҰѩȫǾڹȥʮѾѪռ㹻ĲƻֻΪܹڻõһߵĻԵһϣҲˡ
ûзһ˿ϣͷĵʥʱ¸ҵζƽ𵤵ҩҲõ𵤣ܹõʥʵָ㣬ôȥ
ڱϣĬΣƺڻʲôãŻ˵һƷһ⵹ǿԡʥһΪյĵطɹҩʱ̫ˣҲǷ񻹴ҩܲܲɼҩҪĻԵ컯
ţ촽ƺ˶˵ʲô
ʷϵĵͷ
ʿʲôûɶпϧǹʥôܵķʽǸԲɵҩĵطλõʷ
ˣҪѾõˣ뿪ˡ
лʥʱָ㣬պɣضлʥʱ£ȱ
ʷõﻹ¶ϲ֮ɫ͵ߵףȻתͷɱ뿪˻깬ӣ׼̶ȥѰҡ
ʮԪҪȥѰҵζҩƳ𵤣շ鵤ᵤɹԶÿһҪ޴ļС
ʣʮʿ
λսʷߴˣȻüֵʮʯĹƷһý𵤵ԪӤʿʥ׿ṩӦǼٲˡ
ʷǻ֮صɵĽܹһóʮʯһ߳ĻԵЩˣκһȲʷӵеĲƻôֻ࣬ʷһˡ
мв˲깬ڵûдʲôĲƻʷǼֵߴʮʯĲƻǰ棬ûԼĶó
Źʣʿ
ǣкҪף
ʿ໥һۣԥ˭ȥ
ʥʱ£ҲһƻЦɡ纣ͻȻһҧǰóһСӣĵЦ

ǰЩɽʱײһһ߶񶷣һö߽µѣһֱδȥţǰⰵյĻֻʮּįһֻţܽơ纣Ʒ֮󣬶Щ֮ɫ
ʿԣɶݣѵȷ
һѩ񣬶ܳɳΪݣѾߵļޡȴɽϵϵݣ߿ԳɳΪ߽ݡ
ֻһ׵Ĳ࣬ȴ֮Ҳ߽׵ʵ߽ȴǽ𵤳׼ʵȫͬһΡ
һͷ߽׵Ȼ깬ǰ߽׵Ŀܻü֡Ͼȱ㹻ԣȴǻݡ
ѶŪ֣ܲ˵纣
ֻǣķӦЩ֣ƺöѲȤ纣
״ɣ
纣һ£ϷӦȥԥһ£˹ȥ
Ŀк˸ɨһ纣ʮǱʡʧҡҡͷһ֣ˣ
ǣѡʥʱ²ҪѣﻹһЩƷʥʱ¹Ŀ
纣֪ʥΪʲôʧЩˡʥûѣʲôҲû˵ˣⲻǰһˡݼһλԪӤʿĻԵɲʲôʱܹûκջ˵һӶڶλԪӤʿˡ

ûһۡ
纣סҶ˵ʲôȻȥ䲻ĵ뿪
ʿǲɶЩֻǶҲ²⵽ʥʲ纣öѵԭȷǺöλʥûκáιҪľʳƽûʲôÿʮֻͨ죬ʿԪӤʿʥʣҲܽöѶʥʶԣֻ²ֵһƷʯ
ʷˣ׵ĶǴԭϺʯвƿܵġЩԭϣܹ޸»ĿܣȻʥʿء
ʿһǰԼĲƻ
纣ǰ֮ȻûõĶóֵģһЩֵĸߵĺ֮ȻˣǵõĻرҲ
ʥһнԪӤʿѧʶ֮ӣյ֮࣬𾪡⣬߻ҪѧĳٶܹʥʵĿеõ𰸣
ܹõĻرȫȡʿ׵Ĳƻļֵ
ʷԾ޴Ĵ۵õڽ𵤵鱨֮⡣ʿȴûԵֻǵõһЩ֮ѡ
ת۹򣬴ѾյֻʣҶء塢һԵλʿ
Ҷޱȣ˼룬ŸʲôƷҴʥõһʲôû׼ûдʲôƻΨһŵĲϣϸڴֵҩλʥȻһλʦڱ֮Уֻܽ˵ҩҲûʲôá
ҪòʲôʥʸȤĶֻҲҪ纣һˣһˣʧĻԵ
ǼʲôƷҪף˵
ʥʱ£壬ûдƷҲ󡣡ʱվǰһ˵
Ŷʲô
βʥ뿪»꣬»صȥ
㵹ˣ
˵ʥҪ뿪»꣬Ҳ򵥣ֻҪĸӡƿˡֻĸסķӡƱƿġ
ʥʱ£ΪʲôһԣЩɽٶȳֻҼԭºɽ໥ڦʿӦʥʳ棬һͳԭºɽ磬ع̫ƽʥʣû˭ɴ£Ըʥʱδɵɽҵ
ն˫Ŀż̳ϵıףĬγ彣һ˦ǰǱù佣ô˽ϵնϡ
ಣ𽣲ڵϣû档
һ£̰Ǳɫ˽Ȼ߳񣬾ȻĳءŽʿȫʩչǿ
һԱߣҧŽɫ͵Ŀȥ

ƵײڿյĹл졣
ʱ֮ǧ£ľٿǽɫϾȻĺۼûС
ҶءһԵԹ۵ʿȻǵ֮СĸӡʲôƳɣ˵Ūϡ
ʱĮ˵ˣǱʥƵӡ㿳һǧ꣬Ҳ˲֡


256 ֮
壬ҶءһԵʿԵĴס
̳ԱߵĸصĽȻʥƵķΪʲôԼסû˭ϲԼ͸˨ϡ𻵣ڵһ־޷תӶ޿ת𺦡ʶǸոʿҲԪӤʿܲ
ƺµʲôһ
ʥʱڴ˴ȻԭġʥʵʥʡԭºĴɽ֮УΨһһλﵽԪӤھŽ׵ʿֻҪɹһ٣ͻһҲԶΪٵɵصѰһȻĵѨ׼ڴ˶ɽ١ֻ꣬Ϊ˶ĿףǱʥʳáĸҲֻǱʥٵһ׶׷
ֻڶɽٵʱ򣬳һСС⣬й¶ϢͬԪӤڵĳҵ֪ʥʴڼûԭºʿʥɽ硣ڵصױܴ٣ϵ棬ֻĿʥɽ类ʿݡűʥʸոնɹ٣Ϊʱ򣬳»ꡣɱʣȴӵñʥʵķʥʵ̳ıڣʸոȡõͻƣֵԪӤڵΪʿԷֳһʶڽϻȴñסˡ
ĸʥʵķ²ܽ
ɻʵղδնϽɫĴۣ˿û١ƺ⣬ҪʥʴŪ
˽Ϊ꣬ԪżѹƣʵӲ֮һǱʴӱڳܽǱʵΪѹƣ޷ӱڳҲκβҪ뽫ĸԪӤʿʮλʿֲС˵
Ĵɽ磬ѾԪӤʿټǰңԶɽ磬ֻҲδҵԪӤʿֻܴӽʿ¹ҵʮλʿһλԪӤʿ׵ĶࡣΧһ磬ΪԽ߷ѹԽ󣬽ʿˣֻҲ޷ͨϧҡҡͷ˵£ûʲô취ƻ硣
Թ𵤼ĿҲͬ޷ͨ硣ǵļػ֮ԴֹҪϷʿҪƻ磬ֻ±ƻѡҲûнʿ˵أֻЩڵС˽
һ죬һٶʿΪСޡû˿ѿڻ˲֪õԪӤǰСѾܸˡ

Ũһûһĺ̸βƱ׶
ҶرųĬԱۿš
ҶȻҲʥõĻԵǾϣʥʴӱڳ
֪λʥʺܿӦĴɽнһλԪӤʿȻôλԪӤʿֻҶشδǵĴڡɽӦûԪӤʿˣɽĸɣ͹˳λԪӤʿԭºԪӤʿĿҲС
ʥһԪӤھŲĿֲڣûκεͽʿԵֵǲɽľκˣһٵ߸Ĵɵɽнʿֻ֣ҲδλʥʵĶ֡
ɽߴɵ൤ţҲʥ֮£ɵʥʵһ֮䡣
Ҫ֪ɽ硢ԭºɽ磬һְʥɽˣʥʱ˸̳֮ڣʥͻƽһ߾ϣӴĿԳƵǲ졣
ʥʳȥ֮󣬻᲻ԸɽбҶزұʲô롣ĿܣһѪϴзݲμӹʥɽɣûһùӳԡ
൤ŵĵӣûиʲôףҲ޴ֿܻɴֵ֮顣ΪһС
ҶֳֻܱĬ͵ĴһߣæҪʸʥλԪӤʿһ۾ܿǹ⿿ɲΪһŽʿʥףˡ
һԲ֪ڿʲôҲһֱɫһ壬¶Ц֮⡣һֵͷ˼ʲôȥƺʥҲġ
ڣֻʣ˻ûʥʽ׹ƷͽĵŨõȥ

ʮλʿͬʱְ֮⣬һ취Ҳñʥʳȥ취һЩ֢˵
ʾֻҪʥһ߾ȫʥʣ徫һæʵ
󷨣һǣ˵
һľ˺һҪתӡ
ʥȻԴ˻ʥʵΣʥλԪӤʿİµõɽ𵤵ĻᡣԼԼȥʥ
ǽһ仰
ģСޣϷ򻹿ϡʾöֵӵֶȥռ˵Ҳһ㹻õǲС򱾻ҪᣬͶˣҲõȵ졣ѵΪʲô𣿡һ
ǱʥʿҲֻǲ֪ôźϱµ⣿סߵĳ嶯ڨڨһЦŸղŵĵӡ
ǵǱʰʮʿУоʮǾ͸ˡǱʵڰʮ޷ܱʵĶ֮ɹʵΪҲ˶½²ٵĺ󻼡˵
ʮҪҲ̫ˡ
֮Сɽʿ٣ǵߵĲʮʿĸɶҪΪͽʮģǼֱǱ񣬱ࡣ
ʮܿµĸǱʡ
ʿ֣κһɣص㱣Ϊʵʿɵ֮ţֻҪ;ز۵ĻԼ΢ڷһ㣬ɵİտԳΪʿлԪӤΪƾʵѿʿҲ޷ʥʶᡣ
ҪȻǸߣ򱾻ôᱻ֮ãȻʿڶ࣬ȴûһܴﵽʵҪǱߵһʷҲǵʮѣ뱾ʵҪ󻹲һءҲʮѡ
ڱϣĿеĺ˸šĬãͻȻֻź˵ҶءһԶ˻һԵţɳǶ˿ȥ
߲ʮߣԶ֡ʥǿҪĻֱҺõĶࡣһһæ֣ƲԼñʥʸϡ
ֻжʮ㣬ȶλֳͣҶرǵ˵ĺⶢɨæ˵˵ǴʵǶʮ㡣
һҶرǱʣ̲סͷҶ˹ȥĿг֮ͬɫ߲Ŷʮ͵Ĺ
˵ǱʳʮʿɶҪĻôǱʵڶʮʿõʿΪʿûϣʿһɳʱʿֻײ
ҶصߵպþǶʮ㣬ǼһǱʡ͵ܿԼܷˡ
ڿҶصͬʱҲЩơ˵Ҷ˵͵㵽˰˾ʮ껨׺ˣҲѣһءôΪʿҿ䣬ٶ˿
Īĳɼʿѵʯ鵤ãˮƽģİ취ʿǰ;ޣֻҲҪ۵Ѫ
ҶصĿ⣬ɸһΣҶڵļ壬ʿļ壬ֵͬ顣


257 
Ҷرһ˹ŹֵĿⶢſЩ飬пࡣ
ղ˵ľʵԡֻûаѻ˵ȫĵȷǶʮ㣬ֻϵһܺΪһٵǱʡȻÿһϵƽӹܺͻȽϸ߰ɡ
ʥҪһߵǱʳʮ뿪»ꡣ˵ӦǲῴԼ⸱ġ
Ҷں˼룬֫Ҫ佩ӲʱڱϵĽʱ򿪿ʻˡ
ǶˣҪ򱾻ʽʲôƷ߹ñʹĿ
Ԫ̽һæǰʮಽӻгȥȥ£һСС⣬ʥЦɣ
˫Ŀĺɨһһۣ̽һԵǱʡȻĴ˹ȥһƷ
һ˽ﴫѯһҪõʲôر
Ҫʲô
£ҪõԪ֮
Ŷ
˺һ˵̸ŽȻ֪һԴӽõĳ鱨ĳǿһЦݣӦöԴеջΪǡ
ʱֻʣҶػûн׹Ʒ
ڽĿ£ҶӲͷƤһװżƷҩĵĴ˳£ЩϣõһܹǿԪ
Ҷؿ˵ڿҪˣ֪һøʷǴ»
ǰñ
ڸ߸ߵı֮ϣһɽһ佩Ӳ
ǣ£
ҶһǰһƺҪ߽һЩȥͻȻһţ͵һӨӨɽ׳⼱ڶȥ
Ҷزðý̽Ǳʡ
һԶ˻˵ɣҲδؾͶǽɲͬжͷһͻ룬Լǿô죿Լ
˼룬Ҷֻһ󵨵ľ
ӣ
ӶԶҶز»ʥʵĵ̣˺ʥʶԿԼ͵ʥʵУΪϵ⡣ӣҲҪڼ£οǸˡ
һԼҶͻȻתӣԵȻ벻ףֻҶعȥƶѣúõ߸ʲô
ĪǡҶصĵʮˣ
ǣⲻܰ
ʿκһɣǺеĺĵӣص㱣Ķ󣬳ΪʿҲǿڴģΣյĵط
ԸҶǶʮǱʣҲҶܴﵽʮϡ
ȷӦǽ
һһУϵĽɫ彣ಡһΪһ޿ƥеĽɫâӵҶشȥٶ̫죬գ۹򣬾׷Ҷء
ߡ
ҶֻһϮŸдһ˺ѷεʹʹӷɽˤֻƺһҧס촽һӿľѪԦŷɽӹͨ˳ȥӳȥ·һ
Ƕ˻Ÿʲôȥ׽סû⸱ǣõš
һٻ˽ɫ彣̩ɽһڱ֮ϣղһ˼СһҶ˶ѡֻһҶشϳʧ
ǣ£
Ͱ׽
һԶĿøղһоŽ׽ܵʵܿģΥæҴ׷˹ȥ
ʿ뿪˴
Żվһһ̳ϣǰ
űס
ŵһߴĽɫӰ
Ϸڰĵص׳̫ãǸóȥ߻һյġѡˡֻҪǻ½ܲʲôطϷҲҪǺúˡ
ص彣֮ȥ

塢һԣһһ˻깬ڹ档ʶɨΧؽ磬δҶصټѪζȫ΢΢졣
Ҷص֮죬֮ǿҪһЩ
廹㹻šһ׵ʿһˣҪ߽ʿߣһܵ顣
Ͼ˶Բߡ
ϵܣѲ鱱棬Ѳ棬콫Сҳ
һȴδϷĮЦ⣬óһС취
ָӲλԪ̽üͷ
ϵܣǸʲô
֣ҵ㣬ôžʥʳȥʲô֮ءԭºĴɽ໥ɽңЩ֮صʿ̵ʱǴȡʹ죿αؽʥʾȳȥʥһȥĽ綼ҪСආҲ϶ҪϽԼﻹҿĵطһ˵
ɴεȵãƾҵ֮нᵤĻ᣿ʷ޴ĴۣѾѪȥɼƽ𵤵ҩҪƽ𵤣ֻµͷһգ޷ᵤʥʣǾȫͬˡְ°빦һݾϵܣѵ㲻̤Ͻ𵤴ɫ˵
ߣ˵ĵǺʥʱڴ˵أȻ㼸ֺõɫպȥˣΪһԪӤʿܼǵʿĺôʱֻĸжˡжĥɱ¿룬ҿɼˡ𵤴˭ﵽ硣ǰѽᵤϣʥʵϣȴδ̫뵱Ȼˡ
һЦһ֡
ͼʥϢĽʿֻֻ֪ΪĴɽĹУʥʵĽԹĵ˿ɾַǵֲʲôôϴ鷳׽Сӵ飬ԼŰɡȰһ䣬û˼У֮ءֵѾõҪĶڣˣ˵꣬һС취һΪһɫ⣬֮£ʧڳǳط֮С
㡫
ݵġһɳ嶯ɱһԣɱڣԱϢй¶ȥһ˽ʿʵʱҪɱҵģһѵ顣
;ҶͻȻðһһ֮뱻
еļͷ֮֯һѾɶݶߡ
΢΢̾һ׷ɱһԵͷ
ʷһЩµĽʿͬޣǶһܾһٶ֮ࡣʮҪһ֮ᵤ졣Դӽ꣬㱧뷨ҪԪӤʿʥʣõᵤĻԵ
˶ĽʿΪУҲϧ
ڳеѰȴʼҲҶصټƿڴ
쵰СӲȥ
Ҷܹߣ뿪»ꡣ뿪꣬봩Խĵ硣ҶˣóȻ֮УԻ𺣡һʮзִ硣Ҷأ޷룬ֲɥҶӦû֮ˣ΢֮󣬲ܶ뿪
Ĳ²ⲻ
Ҷӳ֮޷СһԼмһǵķ֮УԼһķУҵķ״̬ĶֹͣٶˣԼϢڵ״̬һؿľһʯûʲôҪҳѺѡ
չ
ѰȥѰҶص䣬Ǵ㷵ص档صѾ졣ҽϫϽҪǣصͨҽ·գʮ֮Ż¿Ҫǻûʲô
£СӲ֪ڻڵĺδط棬ǰȥѰҵǱʳʮʿպʥɥǡ
ȥɣСɱѲ飬Ӳʵġܴӵ汾һʺϵǣʱض㡣Ҫģʻ㡣һı䣬⻰ȴһЩο
ֲһ䡣⣬Ѱ鲻й¶ֻܽУ鷳
ԽӲһ£ǿĵ˵ͷ


258 鱦Ҷʯ
ðմʿ½뿪֮󣬵»¹ںڰͳšͨص׵ͨݿգҲٶȱǵҽϫգ
Ҳȫǳš
ʱֻһΪҫ۵Ľɫнһɫ佣ڻ֮вŷڵʯľĻţ˫Ŀʱķź⣬ɨпɵĵط
֮ڵʯ˿ܡ𰣬ܵĻرܣ֮ڡ
ڻת˴Ȧ֮󣬽ͻȻ
ΪҲҶصڡһƷŽ׼ڸʥʵһʶվҲֻһܡܶĴͨʥʶ޷ܵʩչ
˵Ҫʶ
ʥʩչⷨĻôԲϰûһطܹӹΧʶҲһܱҳ
ǽܣ޷ʩչĴʶķʵϣֻһսĿܣⲫǿޡ󲿷ֵķ޷ʩչ̽ʿҲںܽľܰ쵽
ҶؽԼ֮Ҳ
һֱ˵ĸоһֱǿĴڣκζƿ֮С
ڵߣҲҪڳߴվڹˣĿŭ죬һ»Х
˵Х»лصХдĳַŭϢ
ԭѾǧƵʯ˿ܺͷ𰣬ʱٶɧ
Щʯ˿ܣһһȿֺų˳ﳤȺķ𰣬ڳϵĳͷᡣ»ûлʯ˿ȴ֮ߣҲ
һ֡
İֻ𰣬ڵķһѹѹĳߣ³һֲףǽ̺һըȥеĽ泹״ݻ٣ըɷ顣
ȷȺ潨ƽ֮ǧƵʯ˿ǣʼ˫ڵʯӻ棬һһߵھ˹ȥ
Ҫڵߡ
ְ취ܺʱ䣬еʱ䡣
汻ʯ˿ܷһ׳֮ҶǱĴӵ˳ñ׸ըڵ£еϢҲ޷ӹĿըʯ˿ܶÿһصķѰţҶرȺʯ˸Χס·ӡ
ߣ»ʮĵؽ磬Сأӵȥ
һʱ֪ҵҶأĳҶʮ֮⣬дһ˿ѰټƷǧʯ˿ܷ׷ɢԷԼĵط
Ҷվԭأֻ̧ͷ˽һۣûӣг˾õʱҵסһڸ˵ǽĶ֡ڹܵһƻˣͷŷǳĿ졣
òϣ侪ˡ
һ಻٣ñƵ޷Խֻ꣬ܲڷ֮ˡԼҪһµʱ䣬ܽá
ãҲɲת΢˺һЩϸ΢ľˣٻӰ쵽Ľȡ
ʩչ̫Եˣ֣ɻǶҶص޿תˡ
Ҷ֮ǰǵ˿ܲóѰ֮ŰԼڵ£ܽ˵׷١ȴûԤϵֿޱȴЧİ취Լӵ·Ϣ֮ȫʧЧ
ҶһϢķݣķҲʩչֶΡ
Ŀеĺ⣬ԵɨҶص壬в졣ȻǶϵϡС֮ǰںʲôΪʲôϱ̽飬Ҫߣ
߽Ҷصһ֮ϸĶҶصɨһ顣
ʮľʮˮʮʮʮĴɽ缫ٳֹʿĿޱ飬ȴԽԽ졣
ٶȷ֮Ŀȫסԥ
ƽҪġʺϵɹĻҲδؾ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôָ
õһޱʿ񡢸ԵԵȼķ档ȻЩ涼翵ĶԪӤʿҲδ׼ȷڣ߽ʿͽʿ׼ȷͨȽϸߡԪӤҪһʿܹһЩ
ռǣҲ뿼ǣˡ
ʱ֮󣬽ޱ꣬Ȼ΢ĲҶؾɵ˻һǰһ񡢻Եƺһ㱡Ļɫ֣ʵһƬΪʲôǰδ
ҶƵĿŽ֪ǰ˰ĴڸʲôвõԤУԼкܴĹϵԼûкùӳԡ
˺ðΣͻȻΪԼ޶˾ɸеЦأǰҲһʿѣκε
һܣҲӰʩʥʵԳ㣬һܹ׼ȷ
ʧܵԭ򣬶ж档
ȤСЩŹ֣ʻǴȥϸУ
һѴҶأ󲽱ڹٶȼ죬գ۹Ѿڵͨڵ
ž
Ҷرڼ̳£ʹ졣ʹûйȥ⣬ԪӤʿᣬ̿֡
ڵʱ򣬱ʿԶһΣԴϸڡǸʱڶ㣬˺ôľŽĲԵԪɵһԼڵԪӤʿ̫ûеӲƴǾеġ
Сӣܹʥʿǣˡʿ׳ԼǣҲûȺͱͬڵĻԵҶضڵ֮󣬿ʼϴŵֽѰ
ֽ棬װ˴ĴЩǽڹʿǣ׸ʥʵġĶ෱࣬Ʒൽǲסĳ̶ȡ
һֽУһɫҶεķʯʯֻаƴСֽʯҶء
ʲô
ҶؽסҶεķʯɻ
Ч鱦ҶʯԼ˰ɡռ֮ǰ޲źãųܵסʵĶᡣΪʻٻԼ𣿡˵
Ҷص϶ʱȻı顣ϸ˿ȷһ鱦
ɽ֮Уһ֮ȴȫͬԵ
ǾƷķ롣øʯƵٻˣҲƣл¯޸
ı鱦Ǳķ롣ȻˣıҲԱʿмӹƣжصЧ鱦󡣷Ǳһһٻ޸
ΪģԴԴϵơȴģһһߵļֵҲͬն
ҶõƷ󲿷ֶͷ鱦ǵԹõĲϨ֮ǿԳƵһ鱦
û뵽ɫҶηʯȻҲ鱦һרƵ鱦Ҷĸ⡣


259 ʶ
鱦ΪҶʯԭɽزĺ鱦мѵЧֻʣ¹ͷҲܰ׹⡣ʱ鱦޲ԼڼȻҪռǾ͸ðɡ
ѷʯҶֽ֮мʲôƷΪǰ׼ҶŷʯһתͷĿⶢ˵
ڱʵǰûκλߣǻٵԼһ㣬ʿ̹һ㡣ǲʶʱǱ㳢ԪζϡԼ˰ɣѵбΪ˲ɣ
ҶԥһҶʯĴϣע߷
ľʥʶᣬڷɿѰ˼βӹһ٣ԼʥʵĶᡣԼκãǿ϶ģûС
ʵ̫ǿᣬκβ
ȫȻûзĻᡣ
ʥҪĻضҪԪϣڣɵԼԪȻܰռԼ⸱ǣ֮ǰʥʱҪͨüѨ޾գڡ
ΪҶصԪʹľϸм䣬Ԫ񱮵ĹȦڣܵȦıֻҪԪһֱڹȦ棬ʥʵԪ޷Ԫɵġ
ϸڣԳΪʥʾսƾϤĵз
ΨһȷǣԪӤʿûʵԪ񱮵ĹȦơʥʵʵɲʿСɫᲢۡ
ҶڽǵŶԲߣҲڿٸԭ
鱴ҶʯȻ棬һ˿˿⻪Щ⻪䣬˿ڵĹԿüٶϣ顣Ҷؾǣϸ΢ƣȻҲ޲˿Ӱ취ת൤ƵļƷ鵤Ҳû档
ֻСʱҶظƱ㳹ȬѾȫ˵ĺۼͬʱⱴҶʯŵҲ֡
רõıҶʯΣͻȫʧЧΪһƷҶذһϧֶ컯׹ǵ鱦ʹô̫ˡ
ҶصȬĵ˵ͷһѿסҶص󣬽Ѻ̳ĸǰһ֮һҶڵϣסҶڵķ
ʩչ֮ǰһ̽飬ҪŪҶصԪڵĺδɨѱҶصȫȴҶصԪ񲻼ټڣɼ졣
СӣԪ
Ź֡
ռ˵ǣֱռСռ˵ҪɶԷԪ֮ռҪǱĶԪ񶼲֪ٵĻǸô᣿
û뵽ֹŹֵ
ҵԪʥʱ²ԼôһԪӤʿѵҲһʿԪҪǴȥֻЦĴɽʿĴ
Ҷĳ
ãͷȻҸʹСֶΡʽԪѳܣʵҪʲô½ԼԪ
Ŀ⣬һ㶢Ҷأŭĺһ
ϥ£ź˫ĿҲ֮ȥȫû˶
һƵĽɫӰӽͷƮ˳ƹӰڰзһȦƺԼ״̬
ûʥһʶĿƣֹͣһеĻ
Ҷصɴ۾ĶŰĹӰ
ֻһʶʥʵԪ
ͨʿʶʵģʥʵʶȻǿ˿һĹӰĵز֪ʥʵԪ񣬻жôǿ
һʶಡķҶصڣҶھѰԪ䡣ҿ϶ҶصԪһҶڡھüѨʱһʶͻȻһӴɽ޾֮С
һ
طƺеӡ󡣻ɫããգһƮ·ⲻʩչޱʱ龰
ʱûע⵽ϣҶصԪĶ
ҶصԪԱߣһ糤ɫСԪ𽣡
ҶصԪһԪɫСϣųңңһָ

ɫСΪһ˵ĺâӸ𣬼ŵޱߵХȥڷ㶣Ū״ʶӰȫס
ʶӰӳΧͻҳ壬ɲǼ䣬㱻յĻҷ
Ҷʱֻ뷢ЦЦ̱ˡҲû뵽Ȼͷųʶððʧʧϸڣװ׸һϮĻᡣ
κβƤڵĽԪɵʶǿġϧԪԪԼΪҲҪʶն
ɶ񣬾Ȼһٱʵʶ
깬߸ߵļ̳ϣͻȻҵ
Ǿʥʵƺ쳣ķŭʹࡣ
ʮɸߵļ̳𶯣ĸɫھҵĶص׹һצϸСˣʥʵ˳ͼס
ԪӤʥʵԪӤ
Ҷؼ״ʱ󺧡
Сһ֣ҶֻоһɸɽֹİϢѹסһ˿һķ޷תϸڵԪ񣬶ڻеԪӤϢĿֲһ¶
ʥʵԪӤֵʱҶزȻʶնʥʵһʶһɶͽ͡ʿϢܹɵѹο⻹ǿֲԪӤʿʥǿޱȵΪǰ
ʱ򣬳˵ҶһƬհף벻ûκİ취
Ǿʱ򣬼̳ΧĸͻȻǿǧٱĽ⣬Щ˳ȥڵÿһҫޱȵĽɫâ֮¡
ԪӤף̱ĸɽϣûıͬöķһ㣬ԪӤʹļһ
ĸ˵ǿʥʵԪӤԵֿٲά裬ƶʮּѱأٶȾȻҪԴ㣬˿ûԪӦеԡ
׾Ҷؽһɵľ룬ԵüңңҪһЩ
С˵ڽҫ¿ٱСÿĽ¶౩¶ôһɲǣҪʴԪȵĽΪ
գ֪͸òȥ˼ݺ棬ҶطڱԱһɴӦðҶֱڱϣʡԼҪôԶ
СŽĴʹûͣ£׺ݵĳҶس˹ȥ
ֻҪҶص֮У㲻ֱ¶ڽµʹˡΪ˾ΪԪӤھŲһΪҲϧ
ĸ⣬ǿѹסʥԪӤϢҶϵѹΪᡣ
ʱҶ΢عܹӦͻȻһţ³ǿĹ𽣡ڻϵ𽣱ܵ棬ͷʥʵԪӤն˹ȥ
ԪӤȵġסһ
ղŽѾסҶأסҶڵһзȷҶظ޷ʹκηֵĶᡣ
ƺ˵Ľǣڷɽĳ֣ȫϡ


260 ʧ
С˼ǿڷɽʱľҶؼԪӤ𺳡
Ϊ֪ѲҶصʱ򣬸ûзҶӵκԪ
ʶЩðʧҶصϸڣҶۼֿһʱնûüʥʴκϢʥȻ֪ԼһʶҶظɵˣȴ֪ҶʲôֶΣɵġ
ΪҶûκηŭŶĸɽʹ࣬ҲҪҶصڣжᡣûԤϵҶӵһԪ
Ԫ񷨵ĳ֣֮ǰȫƷ
ԪЩ⣬ַ跨ֱԪԪ߶ҶرסȫҲסӰͷԪ
ԪʩչͣԪӤҲȥַ
ϾʿԪ̫ˣҪǱɽֱӿУԪӤڵԪûκα֮£еĻҲᱻɽնΪ룬ֱ군
С˿Ҷ³һڻϵԪپ
Լٶһ¶ĿԣҪͬʱĸԪɽڵƶٶȣҪ嵽ҶصжᣬѾòˡΪСʧ󣬽ϵʶ٣ڷɽĴڣѶȾƻܴɡ
̹ϵˣҪ˱ףصԼȥ
ȻѣҪ˻ȥҲͬѡ
ĸľѹ֮£ֻԴƶٶʵĹ
෴ٶȼ죬ҶزδܵѹơʥԪӤѹƵԽϵĵӷԽɡټΪ˱ϧһд۷޷˵ľȻնȥ𽣵ﵽĳ̶ȡ
СʮεĿ˻ر֮ǰǿھ޴ķɽѾͷն
ʱȻһλԪӤнףλԪӤ׺ϰĽʿҲδǷ񣬱ȴȻ䵽˱һʿһѹͷľءˣԽԽˣ
С̾Ϣɽһ
ڵ𽣣ʱǿھԪγɵƫ硣
һ𽣸С˲ݺݵһնڱϣȴδܸС˴κ˺

Ҷش˴ԪӤʿһ治һǿҪٿطɽնʱСѾŲæ˻ڡ
ֹͣ𶯣ҲûжĸʧȥѹĿ֮ҫ۵ĽҲ֮İָƽģ
Ҷشæջǿ𽣣ɿԼϵʮ֮ŽնϡȻһԾ𣬷ƮʮɣԶԶ뿪̳
ȷԼȫ֮Ҷµ̳ϵǸףм̳ΧĸԵЩδ
ĸʥԿõķûȴʥʵĳãѹʥʵʥʵԪڡڽĸ֪ջʲô
ҶԤϵľ棬Ҫࡣ뵽ľ棬ǱʥʵԪӤԼϸڡʥʵԪӤԼϸڣҪͷʹޱȣ޲ߡϾѹʥʵԪӤԷӳʵϸȴûпѹʥʵķ
Ҷӹһ٣ͷΣвδʥʱƻ˱ڣ˭֪ʲôʱֻһʥʳ϶ҵԸԼİ취
Ȼֹͣ˹ȥɲ֪᲻ᱻʥʵʶ»ѡ
Ҷ뵽һ亹ڹڶƬ̣æͷѸ뿪ֻ뿪»꣬ȷԼİȫҪͨ뿪Σޱȵĵ»ꡣ
ҶسڹСĵıܿ;еʯ˿ܺͷ𰣬Ǳ޳˳棬һȺʿ»ͨڴ
Ҷͨڣ˲סˡȻķ֣ͨѾҽȫסˡҪҽйȥǾ޿ܵ顣
Ӧڷ̫ãյޣ˳ȥʱ䡣
Ҷһյҡͷͨÿʮ꣬Ǵλҽϫ½͵ʱ򣬲ŻῪһΡѵԼҪǿֲʥʴ꣬ʮꣿ
Ȼ޷뿪»꣬ʥʼȥҶҲܿ쿴ˣΪա
ľ棬ǱʥʵԪӤ޾գϸڸҶѡҪʥⱾ´ƱԪϵĹȦҲûޡ
ڵĵģ⡣
ҶصԼ»ϴǧƷʯֻҪʯϸֳ㹻ʳʮҲû⡣
ǣҪԼΪ㹻鵤
ϸݣ鵤ҪĴʯ
ҶشǧƷʯ๻һңȫþʱûð취ȥˣڵ»ʣµʮʱ䣬ȫǿպģװ˷ѵ
㹻ʯӦĻҶزԼʲôطǺʥھҲνʮòʯĹӦ⽫ĵպ֮·ʮãȴԸ⿴ġ
Ҷյģ⡣
˼һ£ͻȻս̽ʷʥʽ׵һĹƷм䣬һǧƷʯ൱ڽʮƷʯ
ʥʱص׻겻֪꣬ڼ˴ĹƷֻвʯ
ܹЩʯȡ֣Ӧ㹻֧ʮ֮´ࡣ
Ҷضʱ̷ڹ֮УǽʥµЩƷȫеһöֽС
ʥʼĴڽϵһʶҶػٵ֮󣬽һֱϢڼ̳ûκζҶطûжЩƣ֪Ϊʲôʥûʶ»ѡ
ҲãʡҪ취ѡ
ҶطǰҪеֽȡȴֽӽĿڽָϣⲻҶƵǣ⻹һʶķ
Ҳ˵ֻʥʵʶܴ򿪣ʿ򲻿
ҶصʶǿʥʣʥʵʶֱĨȥܹöֽ򿪡ҶصΪȻһ㡣
ҶǿһԪҪǽؽָ˰ʱȥǽؽָͽ͡Ž׽ܵĽ̫Ӳ
Ҷطѵ»걻ʮ꣬һڶ๱Ʒֽӣȴòһʯã
Сޣڸʲôô뿪ȴֻˣȻڱʵߣȻʵĲƻǵӲС̳ϣͻȻһɳƵӣԴ
Ҷתͷһ۱ףȫֽͬӦʥʱ˵
£ⲻ֪ô㱻ڱڣȴ»ڡҲʮ﷽Բĵطܵȥڹ⹬棬ʲôǱּİɡҶؼ̳ûκζҲû̫⣬βܴ򿪽еöֽӡ
ʮʱζȡǣȻּ㻹úúõġ£ǾڱʵĹɡ⣬ʵֽвҩģʳó伢ҲΪҪĻЩҲԸʳáлʣ⸱ǣҲǱʵģȷ㲻Ǳʸ顣
״ɳƵ˵ȫһʤȯյĵȻ֮ǰǳʧܣƺδλʥʴٸ


261 ռ
ʥ㹻ԸԪӤʿҶز֪ǿٱԸԭǣǰһжԼС
̳һҶظˣʧ뿪ͨʱ䣬ѾעҶδʮ޷ꡣڶ֮ʱļССʧ˿Ӱ֡
ΪˣҶڹҴ÷ȥҪָֽȡԸóֽڿɹʳõƷҶزڻڶ
Ҷ÷ڲֽӣֻܷͷʱȴͻȻ¶һŹֵݣ£ǹΨһһĸ߽׿ܣԹ²ٿʹҪᣬƾ޷ǾܣǰɣҪǱûܣôѵԼԪӤϣӱܳץңǿѰ찡֮ǰ´ӱڳȴѹ˻ȥȻ޷Լɶᡣ
ʥʲδд𸴣ѡ˳ĬҶص⣬ܻش֮ǰĶʧѾСӱϿһĬ͵ģǲصļҷǳ̣һʼҲۡ
شǣǻش񣬶ҶṩһЩϢӶҶطĳЩ˿ҶṩκλᣬҳԼ
֮ǰƶϣʥֻܽΪŽ׿ǰûκηʵֻ־ܡ
ҶزʥʵĳĬԼĲ²⡣
ǣ뿪ȥһˣַ⹬ѾȥʱȴûκζûѡУǵһ飬ҽϵһʶٵ֮󣬱ĴŭҪӱڳҡ
²⣬Ŀǰ޷ٿá֪Խ߽׵ĿܣҪõʶԽࡣƷŽ׵ĽܣҪõʶǳӴӴʥʱҲ޷ڶʱڵĵزرʥڻסʵܵ˼ѹƣ͸ˡ
Ҷؿ˿ף׳Ĭľû˵һ㣬ûκϢʥɢϢ޾ϲްŭҶҲ׼ʥھЩʲô
ȻʥʲϣǺðɣССĲ²⣺һǣѾ޷ˡǣ»ҪһЩʱ䣬¿һ²ô·ǳδʮڶжᣬӦԼܹڼ¿סҡ²ӦǴġڶ²⣬¾ʥ顪ʱ䡣
ʥʳĬ˰죬òײűųһ仰
Сӆ죬ʲôеʱĥ䣬޷ٵܰ˲ɡ
ûʵٵȴñҲһ޷Ҷ̹Ȼ˵һʥһ顪ҶؽͬеֽӣֱӸӽĴС
һҲ͸һСһ㹻װ´ˡܽҶصĴϱҶڴϸһʶʥʵʶ޷еĽȡκϵ취Ҷֽʱ뵽⡣
̳ױһޱȷŭĿŭХص׹𶯡һεĿŭһй֮޲ˣȻ߱ʵĿܣʳȥؽ㳢ɻ
Ҷ׼ʥʴŭ֮ǰգ۹˹ͨӵ˴֮⡣ڹ֮⣬ܹоʥŭκʿ𺳡
Ҷصľ˺һȴǿϲΪʥԽŭô˵Խԣܾڵʥ¿ĻᡣûܣʥλԪӤʿôʵʵڱӡı
ҶطɿԶ˹˵»һƬ֮СطԶ빬ʥʵʶԴ޿κΡ棬һεĵңһһ߱չ
ֻҪ㹻ʯҶزԼʲôطʮ֮󣬵صҽͨ´򿪣ԶݡʱʲôʥʲʥʣԼܶԶԶ

ص磬գڲ֪йȥ
ʼҶػʥʻʹ벻ֶΡǳٳûмʥʵĶŰ
żпգҶػʶȥƽܲܲ
ֻÿһζʧܶա
ҶҲû̫⣬֮ССʶ޷ѣ˵߽׵Ľ𵤼ܡ
ʧ˶ΣҶضҲɥʧȤûٴ⣬רԼϾһеĸպᵤ֮󣬻лٿһǿޱȵĿܡ
һ뵽Ҷرܲѡ
Ҷĵ»꣬ûκδ£ʼıչ
ٶȿνﵽٶȣ̶һӽĲ㣬ۿʵֽҪõһССĽ൤츳ߣĵӣɵİ֮£ٶֻҲδܱҶؿ졣
Ҷ룬ô»һֱȥʵҲͦġҪΪĴɽķҲõУɶ
ϧþ
Լһ֮ҶشĴ˶滩ֻƷʯ
ҶƵƲƲ죬һΡ
۱«ʯҲȡϸҩȻΪһһ鵤գЩ鵤תΪԪ׳Ԫ
Ҷسüѽ봢ûܽԼʯõ⡣
Ÿոչȥһ꣬еʯĽߡôʣµ֮У޷һ鵤ȫֻܿɹ
Ŵһ£ס⿿ٶ̫ˡһʮ꣬ƶѡ׷룬ã
Ҫʯ
ֽбдƷʯ
ҶɫãһʯȴãҲġ
ãһҧڵƮȥҪȥʥһ棬ܲʲô취λʥס
ڵһ糣һǰ뿪ʱûʲô
ҶҲû˵̳£ʮ֮İȫ롣ţʥѾ֪ˣҶĵһȤ
ȻҶվһʱ֮ʥʲ䲻ȵĳѯʡ
СӣôܻˣĪͨˣҪ⸱뱾ʡŶ԰СӦǶ˰ɣʿ޷ıٹȣʱ䳤˱һЩСʳӦóˣñʳְ㣿
ʥʵŭڹȥһƽϢˡ
ҶϽƿʮֵơºȫԼϵں󣬱Ҷظ֡
ԼһʶӽƮҶصڲ̽ҶԪⱻҶŵԪٵһʶһʧ㣬ڶŵ˴ùܶҶظߡ
ʥȻŭǾȱǡ
ڹȥһֻ۳ǿʶֱĴͭ𵤼ĿϣӶмߵ
ͭϵʶڵ»ݵʱ򣬱㱻ˡֻнϵһʶӹһ٣šҲڻڻ
ĸڼ̳ڣԪҲ⵽ѹơ£Ҫ£۷ֻһ㹻ǿʶƽܡ
Ҷһݻٽϵʶ֮󣬾Ȼܿ쵨ޱܻȻѽװ봢иߡȥһ˴ڱĸӡļ̳ڣ޷κ顣
ķŭ֪
ŭŭ
ʧȥ˽ܣʥʱһޱȲпʵκβҶءҶذھֻڳʵСȥ޿κΡ
ʱʥлͦģڽƿ֮ҶؽͻȻ⹬ڣԼʵһССơ»ȱʳҶغܿ˶ֻֽдڴʳõƷƫƫֽܴģֻʥʡ
ʥʴʱһޱĿУСҲ󱾻ʵһ죬˱أ㵹ùһǴù
¼Ȼ²⵽⣬ʵʵ˵ɡһ»ꡣȱʳϣܽöֽ䷨ϵʶĨΪΣ¿ס֮⣬޲ʡ
Ҷɫ糣֪ˣΪҶظûкʥʷκβ顣Ҷ֪ʥʴӦ׵ĿԼССҲӲͷƤǰһԡ
Сӣ⸱ǣûκҪ֮һǰҪǣȻ㣬񣬱ʼȻѾûֶζǣ޹أԵ޹ΪʲôҪأұöֽڲ챦ôñߵġͱˣԪӤʿ˭Ĩȥڽµʶ
У»걻ĻСˡʮ֮ٴηҪܸʴһʺϵǣСӾ͵ɡӵʶϡ
ʥʵĮ˵꣬ھ
Ҷһ£Ȼ
ˣ˸߽ʿʮ֮϶ʥһ鷳Ȼ˵һʮǵĿԼСǷûоԣ˭֪ûأʥʲһҪСҲζţʥʸҪˣֻҪȥˡ


262 ɽͼ־
ҶЩգʥʵĽɣֽдʯȻҲ޷ȡʹãԼδ»ʮֻ꣬½Ҫװ׻ķϵ
Ҷزûȫ»ܴв鱦֮ڳÿ֮⣬㹻ʱȥѰЩп﷢ʯ
Ҷ뵽ȻĶ̶֡
ѰĿ꣬ǻڹĹȺ»󲿷ֵطǷ棬ֻڹȺϱãδ⵽ԵƻҴ»ʿҲٸΣյڹðʥʵϣ﷢鱦֮ĿԱȽϴһЩ
Ҷڹÿһÿһ䣬ϸôŹʯϵÿһʯ壬̽⹬Ƿвرҡʯ巢쳣˻㽫ʯ飬һ̽
Ҷ÷Ѻüʯ֮
ס֣ʥɳƵͻȻЩŭĺֹҶصľٶ
ֻһңûʲôѡҶزΪȻҡͷ
⹬ڲκαҲȡߣ˼ˣʥ䵭˵
ȻûбǱֽʲôҶطǳ֡
ʥʾѹԼͷŭ𡣡Щʯϵĸͼ̣ǼмֵƷλʯʦǵ̶ɣ㲻ҪƻŭҲκ⡣ʧȥ˽ֹҶ⹬ڸκ顣
ҶظˣЩʯѵֵǮֵЩǮʥʵǮ֮ҲûҪ⼸ʯ尡
Ҷģϸȥ۲Щͼ
Ӵ󹬵ڣÿһɴСʯϣиͼ̣ǧ֮ڡЩͼޡݡɽӡǳءϹʿȵȣ˽Ȼͬĵ
ҶһʼҲû̫ЩͼݣЩͼڵĲرйأԲ䶯һ˼ЩͼȫܷܲһЩʲô
رûз֣ʱȴȵķһǧͼƺһ͵ĵͼ־
Ҷķһ㣬ȵĵÿһͼݡ
ԽĿԽ
ףﲻԵ졢ɫķɽԵǵı־ʮͼӦöɽؽڵ
ǻɽʥԵǡʥꡣһӦʥɽĵؽ磬ҲĻ֮ء
ԭԵǣԭɽ磡
ºԵǣºɽ磡
δ֪ĸɽ硣
ЩͼƴӦ½ͼ־
Ҷؼ𺳵ĵ˼̧ͷŻ깬ʯһһĸͼޱȵľȡ
ЩͼϿĴɽ磬ֻ½һСֶѡͼϣڶԵǺɽ磬ٲٴ֮ࡣÿһԵǣһЩϸս½ӳһƬЩͼɽʲôΣյޣһһ¼
ЩͼҶг𺳣𺳡
ԭΪĴɽѾˣʿҲҪ֮ãִܵٽɽ硣û뵽½֮Ӵ󣬳ֻһҲ޷ɱеɽ硣
һԶֹЩ½֮⣬Щͼܱߵĺ
Ҷϸһ½ܱߵЩͻȻƵĵͼ־ֻ½һЩ˲ٵĵ졣漰ϺĸͼȴһƬհסôһ£
⹬ڵĸͼǱȥŵĵطڱʴδȥȻûκμءڣʥʵٴ
Ұȥ˶ɽ磬
ҶԵ˵
ѾЩʯֵڣȻȥƻǡ͵ͼ½ͼ־պҪȥЩطĻ⸱ͼ־ôˡ֮ǰһЩɽͼ־ɽСͼ־Ұ̫СԶ⸱ͼ־ļֵ
ҶطɿĴӴóһ򣬽Щͼ̶һһƼ¼
ǺǣⲻʲôҪǱʱ»꣬ǳȥޱȵϺȥһƣ﾿ʲô֮
Ŷ¿ɷ˵һ˵ЩͼЩطʲô֮ҶضЩطȤе򡣡Ȼ²ԸĻҲЩͼʯѾЩͼ̵ݶˡ
ʥʳĬһЩͼ̵ȷֻһЩʯ壬ҲľѪģƸ½ĽʦЩڻ깬֮УΪĻװ棬ҪǱҶֻٵҪƵѪ
ãЩͼ̵ļֵͬѰбҪҶССġҪЮǰǵЭˡ
ðɣ¡ʱ˵һ˵½ܱ߸˵½
½Լʮ˿ǧڡзռ˿ڵľ󲿷֣߽еļѡ
½ʷԷΪʷҲߵķԴ֮ءڳķۣɱУ˴ѧΪߡһֶߣǲĽӵоѧó֮
Ϊ׷֮ʮļһС츳ߵķˣ֮һڵɢޡڳ֮׷˽רıٹɡЩ໥γɴСɼ壬ɼݻΪɡɵ޽ˣ齨Ϊɽ硣
½ѾΪٸССɽ磬ÿɽڲڶɡɼ塢˹Һͽ
֮γһսɽÿһλ߶Ϊʵָ¡ͬʱɽȵء
ʥʶ½Ȼ˽ļ½ĵʷȷ棬ϸ˵һ¡
ҶƽţĬȻͻȻͻʸ֮ʸɼ൤źɽٹֻ̣һɢ޳ݵ΢޼屳ǳȹ̡Ϊˣʸ൤ڣ˿ἰ£ˡ
½ܱߺ
ʮ˿Ѹٵ׳󣬸ڸɵʯҩĵҲȵӡ½ȴޣѷΪɽѾ֪˶ٳѪޱȵɽսÿһսɽԪɽ
һԶĶߣ˼֮Ϊԭ򣬾뿪½ǰ½ܱպѰµ֮ء
½ܱߵĴ򲢲ƽ෴Щա
Ǳ
Ϻħħ߼׷ԣΪɱаħ
кɫ߼
֮ϳбѩ籩൱ڱϵĸ߽׷Űź档ȥʿȥ޻أһ⡣
ʮ̽У½Ƿ֣Ϻȥ޻أֻжԸȫһЩɶɣҶ;вٵСЪܶкޣĵϲٶǧݵĺҩֵͬѰ
ʴˣǳ뿪½ǰѰʺɵĵ졣


263 Զ봫
ʥʰ½ܱߺ˵ֻ꣬ͣȥеĶδȥ˽⡣ǶʵҲ˽Ĳࡣ
֪¶Զ֪٣
ҶжǶͻȻȤ½ɽΪսѷ໥ѪսϢ޹ʿҡԭºɽĻսݺʯĻ˵պǰȥǱ߿ѰɵĻԵ
ʥʻյ£һСӣɽߣǲǴûмԪӤʿֹ
Ҷص˵ͷһʥʱ֮⣬δ˵Ĵɽ֮ڻԪӤǰڡΪߵģҲǽڵʿ
ʵԭҲܼ򵥣ԪӤϵʿѾ뿪½ǰ˶ϺȵءֻʥʡԭºĴɽˣ½ϵɽҲһ
Ŷôһ£ЩԪӤʿΪʲôһ뿪½
ԪӤʿĴڣɽĸ̫ءԴӷ˶ͶһЩ֮֮Ϊ˼½ĸɵܹĸɽԪӤʿЭ飬ٶǨ
Ϊ˱еʿԸߣеʿԸߣ¸ɽʧ⡣Լ֮УһԪӤʿ뿪½ǨӶȵءҲԪӤʿΪ˱½һ档
ԪӤʿ⣬ÿԼңɽҲҪǨһڡڵĵͽʿǰߵĽĸǰѾڲϵĽУƬ½ȻѼԪӤʿڵʿټ
ʥʱƻԼҶʵ
ڴ˵أȷΥԼҲε顣ʵҲǴ㶫Ǩֻ˼ңǼڶʵӴ󣬱ǱûܶǣΥԼʥɽ硣ֻûԤϵʵǼҵõʼɽٵϢӶ˻˱ʵĴ¡飬ҲˡʥʿЦ󷽷ĳΥԼ顣飬мϡ
Ҷػͷԭôһ¡ԪӤʿӶΧʥʣԭºĴʿ빥ʥɽ磬ʥɽһˡⲻǼԪӤʿ˽˶Թ漰ɽһԼ
λʥʵĿУҶض½ܱߺһ˽⣬֪һЩɽɸ߲֪Ĵ¡
֪ЩûʲôֱӵôҪʯûʯ͵ڰװױʮꡣ
⹬ǽеĸͼ̵ʯǲȥˣطʯ֮࣬Ǳڡʥʲڹڵʯڳġ
Ҷʥʵһ̿ʼڵأڵѰҹڲŵı
Сӣ㻹ڱʵĹ֮Ѱʲô֪ģʲǶѾ𣿡ʥʵм䲻á˭걻ڣض᲻á
£ֲϽֽ򿪣ֻԼѰʳˣܲŶɡҴӦٻЩʯ壬ʯذ岻ڴ
Ҷ޹Ľ͵ںʥԼƻͼͬʱһۣԼл⹬ڣֱĲرҳΪֹ
ʥʳĬˡӦԤϵڼǰҶزưոݡҶܹԼƻЩͼѾˡָҪǲܵġ
ڣЩͼļֵߣʯذûʲôôҪƻƻɡ
ʥûа취ֹѡ˳Ĭ
ʥʿҶڹڵڣһԽԽĸоһԤУҶȥͱ鷳
ҶһڵصͬʱһĥôʥʵĿ׳
ʯЩͼеһһͷ˿һϸߡϸĻ޷ЩϸߡЩ߶һص㣬ǽһԵǸʹ½ԵǶӳһž޴ʥʳǡǡ³ǡǣЩԵǶС
£ͼϵЩϸʲôģôеԵǣߺԵҶֵʵ
ڳţûκʥʳ׳ĬȥԸشҶص⣬ҲԸҶκ
ʥʲ˵ҶطЩϸԽĸȤΪ֪ʥʵĳĬĳ̶ֳȷԽ֤Щϸߵļֵ
²˵һ¡Щֱϸߣ̲һеԵǶһӦǡ·̣Ե֮·̡ÿϸߵĳ̣Ŷ·̡
Ҷһſ˵ǽ˿˼֮С֪Щϸߴ·̵ʲô
ɽкʿȥĹ·̵ĳ̡ΪʿǸ·Զ졢¡Լ˶Զ·˶
Եǵ൤ϼڵı֮䣬дԼǰ·̣һرһꡣ˭ȥǶ·˻ȥעһ㡣
Ҷ벻ףɴ಻ˡ
ڵأʲôûʯҪȰڵ߷һ飬Ȼٰһ飬Ͳŷʯʥʵ϶˲ʯԼᡣ
䡢䡢䡭
һɳɫɽŽâڹ·ڣھĵը߰㡣
Ҷؽƫһ֮󣬽˹ʼڴʥʱ׵ļ̳ҶظԼⷬٶ᲻ʥʡùʥҲ
Ҷصķɽƽ˼̳ƺ̳⡣˵˱Ļ̳кܴĿܡ˭ʥʾء
ҶصĿ⻢ͣǰصļ̳
ʥüͷֱСʵǿɶ񣬾Ȼͷߵļ̳̳Ȼر̳ϿŴķ䣬ҪϵİΣ
ˣҶʵĻ꣬СڵĴ£޷Ʊʸסʱ⽻ס𶯱ʵĻκһשʯʸЩϸʲôġʥ̲ס˵·̵ġ
֪ǲ·̡·ʲô
Ҷͣ·ɽЦŪûôסЩϸȻȥͨǱ鼰½ҪķѼѪſܽǻƳǿ϶дôһԪӤʿбҪȥЩϸ
ϹŴ󣡡
ʥʻҲ޷סҶأ˵һҶ𾪵
ɽ磬һϹʱ޽ĴʹΪ½صľ̫ԶΪ˷㣬ЩЩֱͨɽԵǣгԶ·̵Ĵ͡Ҫķʯͬ·̣ķѵʯҲһЩϸ߷ǳؼǣܾ׼ļȥͬԵǣҪʹöٿʯûЩ׼ȷ̵Ļᵼ´ʧ󣬺Ϊء


264 
ĻʥʳǵңԶǣǿֱʹЩϹŴдͣҶػȻһʥʸղǷ뵽⡣
Ȼ
ǣֻ봫󡣴δ˵Щܹʮ֮ңԶϹŴڣ
ʲôϡ档һʿʹϹŴ󣬳Զ봫һΣԼҪʮ鵽һٿƷʯϹʱʯ棬ϹʿķһʵʯдҲʹʯѷ˭Ϻķһʵʯȥͣ񼸺ѾûʲôʹϹŴˣͨĵͽʿǽֻнϵʿżʹЩϹŴȥǳңԶĵط
Ҷطɿһ£һΣķѵʯԼʮ鵽һٿƷʯ൱ǧ鵽һƷʯҪ֪һͽ׵ķҲһǧƷʯѡҽֻܴһʿʯ̫ˣ˽𵤼ϵʿ˭Ҳòôʯݳ޻ӻ
ҶػǶϹŴġ󣬿ڼ̵ʱڵִɽԵǣԼʱ䡣˵Լպϡ
£֪ʥɽϹŴ
ʥʳǵϹŴȻڵʥʳڡܴӦһʿ԰һСæ뿪»ꡣ
뿪»ꣿͨϣô뿪Ҷص¶һ˿ϲ
Ѩ»ʱ᲻º·ڣεһС͵Ĵ󣬿ֱӴ͵ϵʥʳǡ㲻ȥңǱָ㣬ҲСʹġڣһССĽס
˵
Ҷܣסͷļƽ˵ܹƵʥףɲס⹬ڵڣСʥʵߣʥʸƵԸ뿪ҲԸҶֹͣ÷ɽƻꡣҲʥʸƼˣһɢҲֲκκô
ʸ»ڵСʹλãеϹŴλáΪرѱʵĽ£ûκô޷ʹ
ʥ˵ĽסԭΪ˵֮Ҷػͬ⡣ǽ֮⡣
УҲٻٻ⹬һһľΪ¸Ҵڣ뿪˵أǹƽĽס˿Ϲϵ
Ҷ쳣һڷסʵûʲôãʥʣҲǲСװױʥʡ
ŶſϹ黹ʵĽҪǲϽʣ뱾ʽڸ㡣
ʥסŭڵ˵޲ôӱҶظˣСӵôߣ˱˻ԣʵ̫ɶˡ
ܼ򵥣ף͵һһֽҡҪûؽֽ䣬ûֵͬƷ
ʲôֽҲҪ㣿
ǵȻˣʥûڴ粽Сֽڲбԭôܰװ׻£

ʥʳĬ
ãҪģʿԸ㡣ѪģΥף֮󣬱뽫ֽ仹ʡճѪ֮ࡣ
Ҳͬģ黹֮󣬱²׷ɱ
ã
ʥʡҶͬʱѪ䣬ģΥסѪɽǺܴ䷨ѪΪýġΥԣѪУ𺦼谭ô֮·Ǳٽˡ˵ɱܡ֮ˣ﷨ġ
˵ɣҪʲô
Ҫ»һ𵤣Ҷһڣ㽫Ŀ˽ϡ뿪»꣬Ҫõıǽᵤİ취
ʲ޽𵤣һ㱾͸ʷ˵Ҳڳ
Ǳ¸ʷȥѰƽҪݣ
ɽ磬ݣұ
ϼ壿ҶشһԵǸİϼ塣
ܾǲǣʿʱɽ·ұһСɼ塣ұĸһұû֪֮ƽҪһζҩҩͶðˡ
ǣ֪һϼ壬һ壬нʿڡ᲻ᱻҵȥˣ
ͷǱ֪ˡһȥǻǧ֮ǰ顣ǧ꼫ҷҲһҲʲôҪҵʮֵաȥ֮󣬱ôһˡѾҪ鱨㣬Ҳûˡ⣬һöֽ䣬뻻ʲô
Ҳ֪Ҫʲô²Լ۰ɡúʵĻ㽫ֽһͬ¡ҶصЦ˵
ѽóҴֽȡһõķ͸㡣
Ҷԥһ£Ĵȡ˳ʥ֮𣬼ȻģӦòΥԽѡ
ʱһĨʶӱɨ˹ʥʵһĨʶǿȣ޷ƾŽ׿ܽǴֽȴ㹻ˡ
еֽӿƮһСŰƴ
Ҷ˺ɣĿһСɫ
£ʲô
ýţϣʹùķʶϢҲѾȫĨȥ˿ӰʹáַƣֻͨнʿŻʹõĸ߽׷汸С֮ЧȻĲΪҲǿһɵǽʿĹҲȥ󲿷ֵ
ĸԸһ߽׷ƺȲֽɣ
ϻмǳĵطһϷУٶһ֡ʿУ޷ֻյĸƶѣмѵĲ֮Чһ֣½ﶼȥġȥұժ˷ǳаֽȻֵ޿ɼҲֻбʿãôСԵᵤǱпнֽӣҪǧٱ
ʥҶ뵽ˣҶһʱ䷴˵ʲôˡ
ҶͷЦЦ̫̰ģ̰Ĺͷ¡
һУϷ˹ȥһϼٶͣգۻΪһɴСĸƣƮƮ֮ϣ˿û
˵һ෨ٶȻ죬Ҫ̫ࡣ
Ҷĺƽ̵λ𵤼ĺ棬һƵѪϷգۼĹɶϰӰȥ١ҶΪ̫ͣȲϺ棬ٶȿ϶ܴȵһء


265 
Ҷغʥʵʽɣ뿪ȥѰʥʿеεСʹ׼뿪»ꡣ
ͨͨʱҶؼڵϵһ֮ͣǰΪһֱڻ꣬лһõĽԶҲûʲô뷨Ҫ뿪꣬ҽҲʥʣм
Ҷ߽˹ȥϸ˿ɸߵؿڰȥ̫أ֪ûб޸Ŀԡ뿪֮취ܰ޺á
ǾŽ׿ܣʵڽĸ߽׿ܣֻԪӤʿֵߣڸɽķ򶼲õҪܰ޺ãһ
Ҫǣͻ̫󣬼Աһǹǿװ봢дߡͭǵ̫Ӵ޷װ봢СһߣҲ޷
Ӧʥʲƻ깬½ûдӦƷԴⲢΥʥʵԼ
Ҷ뵽ٺһЦóһЯĴƷգȻװ˽ȥż뿪ȥ뿪»Сʹ

֮أĳɽεɽһǳС͵ĴڣͻȻֳɫĹâſռҲŤ˼͵ִԤס
ţһòһʿͻأĳСʹϷǸոմӵص׻ҶءȻӷյĵص׻˳ϲδκεЦ⣬ԵЩء
ʮԼڵ»걻һѾصð͵ʥλԪӤʿ
ʥΣڻƻŷ뿪ꡣɲζʥʲǳ𣬻ɵһʶһʹʮ֮һǱʳʮļƷʿôʥһᣬӵ»³ûԼĺùӳԡʥʳ֮󣬸Զֻ֣Ҫһ仰¶֮صʿʿԸӧ׷ɱ
һĺ󻼣鷳Լǡ취ֹõʺʥʶлᣬҪֱӸɵ壬󻼡
ҶѸٴһɽȻɽһЩͨɽ֩Ѩ֮ءһʿֵطʥѡֲ۵ĵطһС͵ĴΪıͨȻԤ
ҶɽסɽڵλáȻԼڸȥȥѰ壬߻Ƿɽ硣
һԦϷʥʳǷ淽ȥ
ʥʵĿʥʳһϹŴ󣬿ԽгԶ봫ֱͣӺԵֻͨҪ㹻ʯϹŴ󣬴ӻ֮طɽ磬Ҳգۼ顣
ҪȥϹŴڲڣڵĻ̵ܼʱ䷵ɽȥ
ʥʳһƬب棬ʯӲݴҶط˺üĹ򣬷ڵʯڷ룬ʯ֮ҵһ͵Ĵ
ΪΣΪӴʮɴСҶдҪüʮ˽ĲףڲƷʯ
ǣÿǷֱӦһԵǣֱԵǡԭԵǡºԵǡֱӴ͵طȥÿԵǶһͬϹŴ
ӦþϹŴˡӦԵǵʮ߸ڣҪʮ߿Ʒʯܴͣ
Ҷզ࣬൱ǧ߰ٿƷʯʣƷʯܹҲͼѣá۱«ÿֻܲһƷľʯ
Ҷؿһ£ԦϷ֮صķУҪ̵ʱڴչһʯֻл֮صķвС

֮طеĴկڣһʯУǧһλּۻĵվţ˴ȥ
һǰǶڻɽҶأ׷ҶⷻСȻҶͬʷʿǰ»ðգǶʿȥˣֻڷеҶػ
ҲҶؾʲôʱֲܻԸ뿪Ͼܹ׷һǰ;ʿǶ˵ҲǻѵáΪϧ˺ƽ̣ҲҪ׷ҶأҶгһҲԪϣ۴һء
ҶһȥأǶ˷ڣҶصٿƷʯǧһϼƣɴһⷻ˵ͼԭϵ⣬һߵҶطء
㡢ʿڷкѳԵĿȻǧЩ̵ͷԣҲ㹻ĵǶΪ΢ûκκ̨ȻҲǿƽյĿѡ
գһʿڷկڣڷʯھ̵ʿͽ׵鵤Ʒʯ
ԶԶĿʿòһ£ʧæĴʯݣúǧϿ
ô£Ҳǽ𣿡ǧںͿ󵨸ңʱ죬ʯ˳
۾̫ʹϺ쿴ǲǰûǧĲã˷ָָܵԶ
ȷǰˣҹȥӭǰǧ˹ȥʱϲޱȡ˲кˣæ󵨳Զɱ˹ȥ
ǰ
Ƕ˷ɱʿǰĹһݡ
Ƕ˻Ҷ΢һ£ǺЦ˵һŻص֮أΪǶ뿪˷ء
ǰţ˱һֱڴ˵أǰͬǰһȥǰʿͻˣֻǰٳδ顣룬ǰ࣬Ӧòʲô⣬ʼû뿪ȻǰʱһˣҶҲûа׵ȡǧͨ졣
ҶЩж˵ͷǶǳʲôⷻУ˼Ҳѵˡ
Щ֣һûл֮ķկʮ壬ϡϡļʿⷻУʿȺȻ֮鵤ûмʿǧôһ¡
ǰһûл֪ڶǰ֮صɴٽɽ磬ֱ˻֮ؽһʿȥ꣬ʷӻҴһ̴һȺĸʿɱɽȥˡ֪ΪʲôһЩǰƺʲôҲͻȻټŵɱɽȥһ֮ؾųϵʿȥɽ硣ֻʣһЩΪ΢Ϊԭʿڻ֮ءⷻУȻҲ壬ֻʣ²ʮˣһЩżﹺƷʿҺΪ˵ǰһֱǧüĽͣСԭⲻãҲֱӵĹϵ
ҶǧĻüͷ
һ깬ڣʥʵʮ߽ʿ֮࣬Щʿܶ඼ǻ֮غպĽֻʷһˣһʾ޶Ĳƻʥｻõڽ𵤵ļмֵ鱨˶û㹻Ĳƻڽ鱨
ʷһȺĸȥɽ磬϶Ϊȥġʿ֪һ㣬ǴŴβʷȥɽ磬Ȼ뿴ܲܽ֡һͻԱ⡣


266 
ǰɣʷǶȥɽ磬Ļ֮Ѿûжλϵʿǰ֮Ҫһ׷߱ڡ㿴ǲɣһҵߣҲڽһɱɽ磬ȥռһ̣ǰʵɽռһСĵ̣бӦûκ⡣ʮǰΪ澫ǰһ𵤣ɽ绽꣬Ҳδزܡ
ǧҶ˼СĵԼĽ顣
ҶƳһۺǧǧΪȻʮֵ΢ҰĲСȻĶȥɽռһ̣ǧ뷨ûдϾǻ֮صʿԲںɽĴ
Լͬɽ൤ŵĵӡҶ֪֮ԼʵͬΪͽסнʿ˵㲻ʿ
ڻ̸Щʱˣмƿͨ鵤ǶȥڷˣҾһЩƷʯûƷʯƷʯҲС
Ҷóƿҩǧ󵨶ˣǶȥ
鵤ֿΪĵͽ׵ҩɱʯϡȱǳʺʿʹáСһڷʶ˲ˣӦÿ԰ǰЩ鵤ʺϵļǮ㣡
ǧϲĽ˹ȥζʧ鵤֣Ǳʵĸߵͣܲϵȥ鵤ԳƵΪΣȥһֻ
Ҷؽ鵤񽻸˺ǧ󵨶ˡ
ǧᳵ·ֻʱ䣬ڷдկڽ⼸ƿ鵤˴˵صˡΪ֮صʿȥɽ磬еʿϡ٣ҲࡣǼѷеƷʯռ˹ҲֻõϰٿҵƷʯѡ
ڣЩҶ˵Ѿ㹻ʹˡ
еƷʯĶٶƷʯһСƿҩǧ󵨶ˡ
Ҫȥɽ磬һǶȥĻȥɽҵļѣҪǿԺǺϻﾭӪݵһ齭ĵ̡ԸȥĻ֮Сƿ鵤ʯҸǵĳл
ҶطԸ꣬뿪˷С
ǧ󵨸ҶظǵһٶƷʯһЩͽ׵鵤ЩɵˡǰŸջ죬ִҴˣӦ׷ʷȥˡ
ϺǰһĶϣֻĽɣǻȥȥʵ
ȥûǰ;ȥɽ紳һɽ϶ҳһƬǱߵĻࡣǧһҧ˾ġ

Ҷ뿪УѵƷʯѰ˼ڸȥʵҪȥ졣
һֹõʮʥʶ֮󣬴ӵ»³ڶǴʷʿƽҪһζҩ¹ͻƽƿʿƴϧһҲҪҩ
ǣ֪ȥŪ޷ƲȥȻȴû취ȥ
ڶ飬ʷȥɽȷĵص㣬Ըҵ
Ҷ뵽̼ԦϣʥʳǷ棬׼ڵϹŴֱӴͻɽȥ
ںǵ䡣
Ϊӻ֮صɽ磬еĻֻҪʱ䡣ʷӵ»һս̵ĸʿɽһǰ顣ԴʱϿʷӦѾִұ㹻ʱȥȡ
ȻˣҲǺǵġ
ͲǧǰңڵǴɼ壬һʿʿͬڶ࣬һССսȡʷҪңȡߣѶֻ²һĸߡ
ҶҲ֪ұû䵽ʷУ߻ұҶһֱΪͻƽƿȻҲ䶯ġҲһȥʥʽ鱨
Ҫ̵ʱϹȥûлʷҡһȺʿУᵽ
ʥʳǷڵϹŴ󣬿ԽԼĸ·ʱ䡣
ںǧҪ׷ʿֻԼܵɽȥˡʿУûи깤ºѵ
ҶطеʥʳǷ棬ڷ֮еϹŴϣѸϹŴĶϡǲʮƷʯ
ȥԵǡ

һҫ۵ĹâಣҶشϹŴʧâɢȥ֮󣬴еƷʯʱѾȫ˺ʯĩ

ʥʳǷϰ֮⣬ңԶԵǡ
ڣ빬ΧռĽɫʿЩɢ˵ļʿ
֮ڣһȺϰθ죬ɫµнס߽׵ʿΣڲϡ·ϵı־ȫԲͬɣҶǳϡһĸ߲Ȼɫ£ȴڼҵŸɳǵ⡣
ϣΪʲôҲҪʿʮʿԵǣ̫ƽˣ˶ֵߣŵɽţ˭һµ߼Ĵµ
ⳤϱ𼱣ߴɳֶһƽķԱߵһ»ҷߣʩʩȻ˵
λеǰҵɽʿӦòֱ˴ˣĺвСһʧݣôɽʧȥһϣ¶еǰ˿׵ԽϿȣɵɽš׵һߣϵĽȰ⡣
ɢ˵Ųʿκɽˡ
˴ɽϿԭº֣ϵټˡûʲôʵȨֻܾЭ
Ͼɢ˵ʵ̫һ㣬ȲߴеκһеǸɵʿС
ߣҪƽǾӦðոԵʵǲǣŵ٣Ӧóٵˡ൤࣬Ӧ˲ǡߵµ
ʿΪɳ֮䣬һǣͻȻһҫޱȵĹâ
˶һͣ飬æâķ˹ȥ
䱸ɭϵĴǾǱġ
âǴӵڽϵĴʹ󷢳ġ
ϹŴɽ紫͹κɽ˿һ´üͷʾǴӻ֮ش͹ġߺܿǵˣλСģ
ʿϹŴ󷢳Ĺâ
Щɵĸ߲ʿڴ˹ҪȻ֪һϹʱµĴֻ⴫ʮϰҲʹù˷Ĵڡ
ϹŴȻӴ󣬿ԽгԶ봫ͣÿδ͵ޡǵѣܸǴвһʿҲûʲôˡ
ΪڣǸɵĽʮλ֮ڣҶڳڣգ۹㵽ʿǶĲ˸ҵǹƥĴϹŴûʲô
½ɽ֮ĴսȻ˶֪ԵǶôһϹŴ󣬿ֱӵִԷԵǣǴû˻ȥͼ취͵ϮһǴ͵ĺķ̫󣬴һ˾ҪǧƷʯǾ㴫͹ȥˣΪ̫٣ᱻ̶ԷƱֱӸɵװ
ڳǷ֣˭ӻ֮ش͹
һ֮ϹŴϷռһ󲨶һҶͻأĳڴڡ
ҶؿԼһ͹֮ڣһȺϰʿԼɴ˴Ӧþˣڴ͹ֻһǾǳԵ
û뵽ߵϹŴͬڹ֮С
Ϊ˱ᣬҶæȡԼƣ˹֣൤Ҷأλʦ֣
൤ŵĵӣôӻֵ֮طκɽ˺ɣתͷһʣϣλʿ൤ŵˣ
ǰȥҶһֿ˿ƣͬɻҡҡͷ൤ŵж֮ڣϷδȫƲ١ò쳣ᣬʮ꣬ȴĲΪ츳ʿڱضպϷûеʶǰңŵӶѾжҲδǰȥ֮ءôӻ֮ع˶ٳҶʵСӣȻ൤ŵӣ֪ϷĴ
Ҷƿԣ˵൤ŵĳͬ٣δҶأҶҲûм
϶δˣǱضǻ֮عð൤ŵӵļϸץϼʣκɽ˶ʱȻȵ
һȣʿַҶ˹ȥҪסҶء
ҶؿЦúõģôͲ൤ŵĵˡԳļʿ˿Сзɳࡢɽ
ס֣൤ӣҶʦֶ
һŮ翣ԶһòĸգۼѾ˵Ŵһ޵ѹȫס
ʿһһ̵ۣͷ˸ҺǸ˶ӡ
ǼֵʿҲæͣ£Ҷء
ϣʦ壬Ȼʦϵλʦܣ϶൤ɣ൤ŵȷӦתۼҶصݣֺ֮¶ɡ
ţʿæŮʿʩ񣬿ڳƳʦ塣Ȼ൤ŵĽʿ֦ͬҲӦõġ
ҶòٸͷЩ顣һŮʿһ൤ŵĽʿ൤ŵĽʿȻоˣδԵ԰ݼеκһλȻҲʶǡ
ЩҲûʲô൤ŵĽʿôǣλŮʦôϵԼ
ҶɽɻӲͷƤ˳ȥ


267 ʦ
൤žŴʿ֮һĳԵżȻ
ڷԭɽºɽʿͼɽ֮ʱߴɱԳһʿǰԵǣЭɢɽسǡ
ǡֵʶԵڵϹŴ־ҵĿռ䲨ƺ˴ңԶɽ紫͹ȻҪһⷢ⡣
ڵʱϹŴѾһʿҴ˵ϢеϤ
һ룬ʿ൤ӣҸʸкĹϵ
ڻʸ临ӡŮǻʸҵһݵ΢Ůʿµ֡ýʿɽŴ¼ңȻȲһƶ΢ɢŮӣһ޷ϴˢĳ衣
ǼŮˣʸ˻ʸΨһļ̳ˣлʸİΧҲκβ˱ֻǨŭкͻʸϵ֮ˡ
ǰ붴ҽӱ߼Ҷһ棬Ҷغͻʸ֮˽ԵеպޣȻǨŭҶصϡ
Ҷɱġ
ֻҶصʱھŲ㣬ˡĹͷ״̬ʱΪõĳ߶Գɱֶδ³ˣպͻԪӤʱӰľħϡǵһ㣬ûг֣ɴһĵصҶԼˣò
ϧ첻ԸҶ붴ڱչ꣬漣ͻƿɹ൤ŶٶеһԱҶֳɽȥңԶıꡣ
¹꣬Ҳûмȥ
û뵽վȻˡ
ҶҲݵ΢ɢ޳ĸһܲգ
Ȼ˵߲̫سʺ츳
ûмڵĲȫ֧֣պȡöߵĳɾͣ൤žŴʿ˵һǴʿ̥֮ǰͿʼ鵤нյ컯
ɢ޳ʿһʼ˷˴ʱ䣬Ϊ΢Щɾ͵ʱ򣬶ѾȥԪľɢ֮·߶Զ
һҶصݣͻʸ֮ĹϵѾƽϢպޣִð˳Ǿݵ΢ɢʿʸ塢ϼմκԵϵ
ղײգײҵУ㲻ҲѲƤҳŮɲôõġаһߣ˵ʿҶشӵڳ
ҶʵʵĴӵڿ첽йоصʩ񣬰ݼǰλòٸʦ塣
Ҷأݼʦ壡֪ʦٻӣʲôԸ
оλʦеһ˿ŭҲҶ࿴һﶼɻ󣬲֪λʦôʶһ൤ĵͽʿ
òٸЦҶһ¡
ǵһʽλûеõϵŮһҶڼչأûϸҶص̬ǿһ
ӵòʵƽκγ֮൤ŵʿϰߴɫ˿ߵĽ£ƫƫǴ۵ӲŴ಼˿ûݵľ򡣵͵Ĭżľګ󡢾ƴֲڣҲ֪ǼҵСũС˿ûż־Ͷ֮ɢĸ߹ʡ
ЩóۡҪ˵൤żῡʿǣҲ٣ʸôѡʿΪ˫ް¡
Ҫڳ䣬ѯҶصôͻʸԵġûüڣĿͻȻ¶ã֮ɫĬסˡ
۷壬һ㵽Ĳ㣡
ͻȻͷȻһΪ磬ɲǼĴ㵡ʿΪͨȥ̫ע⡣ҶصΪ֮죬һ
ǰոġһڣһΪδ̫˼顣
˵൤ڱҶĸģô
˵൤һĺУʸҵĻʸ˫Ϊʮŵ㡢ʮ˵㣬ߴʮߡ൤ŶľʱǰѾĲˡ
ϼҵάϵﵽʮ龭ʱڱﵽĲ㡣
¼ҵŮӳɺˮﵽʮһˮҲֻǴԼﵽĲ㡣
ǣǣ൤ߣʿٶȶҶؿôһ֡
ǣǣǣı൤šһһɼȫ֧֣ķ˾鵤ɾ͡
⿿ʣǵߵ׵άλų൤ŽߵʿҲڶͻĲ㡣
Ҷȥ˱ȻڶУδõɵκɸӵһҩԲ㣬ҩҩҩʮ꣬Ч
òٸĬĴҶء
֪Ҷصϵʮ㣬һٵ㣬ɽм亱ϧδؾͱȵ൤ŵĻʸάɺ˵Ǳʳɫ
޷⣬ҶûбҲǵ£ٶôֱ׷൤⼸λ츳ǳɫļʿ
൤ٶȵʿƶĹ
Щ˼ÿһ൤Žʿĵϵ󱲣ɼĳԱ൤һоʿÿ˶Яһڵص
û뵽һζҶѾΪн׵ʿڵҶȻȲʮλļֵʿѾ󲿷ֵʿ˺档
Ҷٶȣֻ²һʮܴﵽھŲľ硣ʮңﵽʿ۷״̬ʣµһʮԪʱ䣬ȫѰҽᵤĻԵ׼С٣𵤵ļĴġ
һ𵤣Ϊ൤ŵ֧֮һôԭĵ΢ݱԵòҪϾɽУصĻʵһʿļֵԱȵκһɼ塣
ӵĿҶͣƬ̣˼ɿתһȦͷŭĵȥʿĶֱӹϵһɵǰ;ȻɵЦ
ɱһǰ;ʿǲǰ;ʿװȥɽԭº󾢵Уս¼ࡣ൤ŶһǱĵӣȻҲһʵ
Ҷʦֶôʶ㣬԰ɣҶǰһִӣȻһЦҶ⼸ؾȣδңȴͼһ档ˣ֮󣬲ȥô֪ǱһЩʲôȤ飬ôֵ֮ȥˣ
ǰͬʦ㡢ʦ֡ʦֵǰȥⱱҺʹܹܼҵĳͻֻ֮صɽ쳣ƺɽͼΪ˲࣬ʦ֮󣬱ǰ֮죬ڻֱ֮ͣ꣬ղϹŴ󷵻
Ҷ׼һɳֵ˵ǣǰȥ֮صԭץСѱڳʦĿ£Ҵһڡ֪ڸղת۹ŹתһȦҪ֪ǰλʦĳɼֻǰƬ̡
Ҷ⼸ľƺܸȤ
Ҷ̽ǰ֮صľµ˵һ顣ڴܹľҷСص׻ȵȣǹ棬ȴ򵥵Թᣬó֪ġֻҪ˵ʦµҲ²ôһ¡
ڵص׻ʥʡλǰûλòٸ֪Ҷڻ֮ؾȻһλ˵еԪӤʿɫʱ䣬ԺݵĿհס
ȻδʥʣλԪӤǰġǧǰλԪӤʿʿһִ֣ͬݻʥɽ磬ʥʸӡ˵ص׻ꡣ˵ʥ͸Ԫľȥʱ˰
ˣ²Ҫٶ˵ɽսڼʱڴţȺ´û²Ҫ뿪ǣɽѾвǱļϸڳܻΣա
ܿضҶأԦ˿ʴڿն𣬻Ϊһɶ뿪ǣɽȥˣգۼʧӰ١ӦҪ൤һˡڳҴҸϻ൤ȥʲôǾͲҶ֪ˡ
Ҷطһ㶣˿ôλʦˡ
뿪ɭϵԵ
һҪȥȥǷǳұڲڡ


268 Ѳ
ɽģɽ
ɽ棬ɽи࣬ɽ֮ҩԼߴɡʮСɵĸ֮ءߴʮСɣɽĶЩɵҲֱζɽ˥ʢ
ɽ֮⣬ɽ绹һΪҪĵطǾǡԭϣɽ֮ɽһϿȣɽķԴء
ļֵʷֵ
֮ҪΪһһСϹԪӤʿõĽ󷨡
󷨣һΧĹϣһԽǣϵ£ڹֵı֮£
ƱƵĻֻԵԵڵС󷨽
СʵԵԹ˲㣬һһһ֮ʿڵڰ˲пƣԹڿɲʿҶȥԹŵִͱͳˡֻеִڰ˲࣬ſƵǵĽ󷨣׹ǡ
󷨣ǰλϹԪӤʿļӹ̣˾춯صĵز
֮Դߣߴͨǣ֮ʱ㱻ˡ¡塣һϣɽĵһƽʱʿó֮أսʱͱ֮
ɽʿɽ磬ôǱµĿꡣ޷ĻҲ̸ȥɵɽš

Ҷشʦߺ漴뿪Եǽֵϡ
ʱǽֵϣ˳࣬æ˼¡ΧգҲǷɽշĹâҹϢ
֮طУϡϡû˵ͬն
ҶһȥһֵǧɫҴҵŮʿڣֻ²ʮ֮ڣǰϺü˿ڡӿڵʿԴԴϵࡣ
ҶȻ֪Ϊʲô
ԭº֮ʿĴ֣ɽССɼ塢ɢƵֵס׷׿ʼԭĹϳˣǡ
ֻĵط㹻ķԱ֤ǵİȫɳĵӣֱȥɵɽţȫЩͨʿֻǴš
ʿ˿ڱǣҲȻ顣
ҶȻȥǲûððʧʧĸϹȥ
ΪƵڳڵĸʾϷһ顪ɵĵӡӡɢޣʾ֮󣬶ڸɹɢ˹ȵȡƣڳڣ˵ǲʱнӸ񡣲ָжߣֱΪɽ棬ɱۡ
ҶسڳڣȻܵûĸʾ
ڳڣͱڵλ൤ϣ֪ҶҲðųΪķգжֻȥڵ൤ŵĹһơһŵ񣬱Ҫȥʿϡ
Ҷƣʱڳڣټ̶ȥ
Ͼʷһǰȥ϶ȵұһҲûáڳ׼һҪƷǿʵ
ڸ߼һͷʱ˺üƿн׹ԪԪڳڵķСֵ¥ջȵطɢȥһЩԼƷʯ͸н׷ֽ
ʿ࣬˳Ƶڸû˭ȥе鵤Ҳû˭һʿ⡣鵤ǿʿƷ̵ֻܶʱھͱһա
Ҷڿջ鵤ͬʱ˳㻹һЩʿ̸˽սЩʿĿУҶز֪ս´ĺܲ˳
ɽʵǿԭºκһɽ硣ƫƫ⵽ԭʿºʿ֮ʿֽƣһֱƣӦ״̬ûǿķʿƵĹңһϣɽʿȥˡֻΧһЩңûбݡ
˵սĽڽҲ˿Ϊֻ²һأԭºͻ֮ɽʿܱ£һս
ҶضԴԡ
ûоս·治̫ͨȻҲ˵ʲôۡôĽ棬ıȺĸˣҲȥս¡
ӣʱӦûɽƿ֮СзʿҲǸҶϸ̽˸Ķ֮ȷȥǱȽϰȫġ
һʱ䣬ȥܴұʷУзռȥȥĻʮΣˡ
Ҷ˼ƿ鵤׼һЩϵʯͷֽ˽ɽս֮൤ŵĹҵһλʦ֣Ҫȡ
Ŵ֮У˽һЩ˵ĽסֻҪǮûа첻ɵ顣Ҳһһ㣬Ҷػ൤ڵӵʱ򣬾
ҶֻʮԪΪۣλµʦ֣˽תۼޱȡҶȻҲ쵽һǳѲؽ£зϸǱ롣
쳣ɣڼҶʲô͸ʲô
ҶѲ񣬹뿪ǣ̷δȥұȥݡ
ϼ˽ļ٣֪üһ𵤼ʿԼʮʿĻ֮⣬һ֪
ȥұ֪ᷢʲô顣
ҶȥݣȥʮܡɡϺڡһ档һݻյѡϵʿҵӦ˽ĺܶ࣬ÿԴϵ˵Ŀд̽ҵҲеס
ҶؼԦһƣշС
һ·ϣҶеʿ󲿷ֶǸɼִЩʿһƺƮûʲôӦֻͨƮơ
ҶذϲϵԹȻǳֵĿҲȼС
ȥݣչ㵽ˡ
ݳǸҰҶ˷ƮڵϣȻŹٵ·̶ӣݳǡݳǵķɣǰûֻƺӶʢ
ɽ֮ĴսδӰ쵽׷˵
Ҷһͨ磬̶ӽ˳ǣڳŸ˸ջСڴ̽˱ʮ̳ڡ
ҶΪǣıʮѾ˲ݾڵһ󽭺ɣ̶ϯݶСᣬݳֵǮĵضθһռĺլΪ̳
ͭΪţھʯʨңһŶʮװɫһִ󺺣屦ſڰһվţڽͰſֵܳ顣ųƣͨҲҿ
Ҷسլſڵʱ򣬵һЦ


269 ұ
ҶۡǰſڵĴ󺺿˹ȥԳǱʮưӵľѣҪǵưӡ
վŵĶʮԺ󺺶һ֣ڹĿⶾȴ޷ֱҶصȻ峺Ŀ⣬˿ҶصĵϸưӵͨưӽύȻһʱһݣҵæ븮լȥͨ
Ҷ˲һ¸ŮӺ󺺴լԺ˳
Ҷ磬ѽŮӼҶأ¶ϲ֮ɫҴӭ˹ȥ
Сã겻ĿɺãҶһ£ϷӦ˹ЦŹֳŮһ¸ŮɡǽʶǸɻŮѾ¸װȻѾˡ
СùĺܺãҶЩƺһ㶼ûб䡣ɾϲĿͣҶصЦϣֹһȴΪĵ̾ϢҲ֪ʲô
ҶȻܹܵĿеĸӣ΢΢һ̾
ʿʿԪľ޴죬עûԵݡ޷Լĺȥ˼Լİ¡ǵѡ˳Ĭͻرܣ㺡
ɴҶؽ븮ۡڣ·̸⼸귢顣
ǰ꣬ܵ£޸ݵһҶؾȵǣүһļӣʮǰ״Ԫ򿡡ѧԨǼѣݹٻ˼ҳ򿡶֮˼Ϊ羴޶ྴҲ
߼޸ˣҲЩ¼޵ζ׵ԭҪΪʮͽ⡣ܿݳڵĵ̣ݼɢ齨ݰϽݵĴСᡣݰĽҲ۰һˡ
Ҷ΢΢ס
򿡴һ棬ƷȻһ鷲ܾɽδһ¡ܰü޸ˣֻҲǲپɽķ֮С
ҶۡıԺ
ܡϺڵڱԺڵʯʲôϳ֮ɫ
ǼɺҶشԺʱ׷״ϲæȭӭ˹ȥ
ѽҶֵˣ
Ҷ֣һֵܼ꣬ˣ
˵ôͷϵϲȵôǽиͣԭҶֵҪҶֵЩȥʲôطüûЩֵˣ
Ǻǣȥ˱һˣǰЩղŸոջԵǡ飬ݷüλֵܡǸղôüģʲô鷳
ҶغܿͷǼ˷֮Уɴŵļֳ֮ɫѯʵɽУЩ鷳ʿ˵ѣǶʿ˵㲻ʲôֻҪ̫鷳ܰæǲƴǵġ
ܿҶ֣ҲǱʲô飬ڳɽսҵ顣ڼǰɽ㿪ʼսңʿΪ̴֡
ԽԽţһԽԽѵʿĵͽʿֻݱܷâҺͷ֡Ӧ֮ߣ˼룬ȴٳò⡣Ҷãһ⡣
Ŷڴô
ҶЦʵ뵽ɽսҲ֮㣬ƫһݣ϶Ҳ޿ɱ⡣Ҫ׼źã⵽ʱִ޷Ӧԡ
ܵ⡣ΪӦ÷ݵĵֱ̣ǰǱѡΪӦӪǺò״ĵ̣Ƶı仯һ⣬ȴ˾
Ҷصô˼أ
ܵҵ˼ͬʱУʱţһȥ׼סһƶ񻯣ԭºʿɱĻǰȥǱѡҲյ·̵̣ܶʱڱִܵǡѾ׼ʱȥһǣǱ׼ס
ܺðΪʲô˵ò⣿
Ҷɻ󣬾Ҳֻ
ܿЦ⣬ҵϡ
Ҷɻôˣ
ܼŽͣϼΨһĴɼ壬Ҳֻ֮ҪڵݿһεҽǰȡݵİҵҲûΪѣĬȡϼ塣һ꿪ʼҾͱÿĩҽһҵıӻ
ͳˡڷݣȥǣͿ׵ʾ޶ĽµĲƻͶ˺ܶࡣҪĻʽ϶ⲻ˵ġս꣬ԭʿɱ˹Ϳˡ
Ҷϸϸţһ£ʵÿҪٸң
ܵÿ׸ҵĽռݰ֮롣ֱӹϵʲƻҪҪҡ
Ҷؾȵ죬ô࣬Ҳ̫һɡ
ʮΣҵ£û˸ΥҵĶµĹءҪǲҽĻǸ޷㡣һ£֪ҶֵΪ⣬һЩ
ϺڣҶأڴһ⡣
Ҷسһ
ɽĴսʮֹ졣ɽɸ߲̬ȣһȻǾԭºڷĽû֯κδģķͱ
ӣսӦǡ
ɽҪһսĻսܿǡ
ǵıԵش⸽Ǵҵĵط϶⵽ƻ
ֻҪһ굽ʱ䣬ɱһڽǰͳȥǣʡһʽҵķáҶؿ֮˵
˼֮˾ģȻҶҲų룬ǾɡЩһƻڹס󣬾תƹȥˣҶҪʲô飿
ҶЦһҪҪ죬ȥݷһұֻҶ˽ļ٣ǼλͷѯҵԽϸԽá
ұ
ܡϺڵȼ໥һۣǳȡʿҴ򽻵Ȼ֪ܶҵ顣ұɲһȥĵطÿһνǼȥұ
Ҷ˵ұ
ǧ֮ǰϼ屾ڵһСɼ壬λһƫԶݡݡҲ֪ôĽԭİϼ塣ҳһ츳ߵѣ˽ɽһɹţ˹ŵĽ棬ʵλеһ
ҶԵĵ̡ʮݣҽеļ︻ݿݿƶ񤣬ҲķѾȥСʿƹţÿֻҪҽˡ
ұҵأҲٹ̵һݿûκɼ塢ɢ㡣Ͼһӵнʿļ壬һмĹϵû˸׵ġ
ŽĲƻȥұΣϤһЩ緶ͬȥݷұ
ˣҶһȥһЩ
Ҷҡͷܾ
ȥȡʮΣգұ⣬ҵʿɱ»ǣǣסǰȥҲһЩ˼ɡ


270 
ݣұ
һȽƶݿ˿ϡ٣ߵɽꡢնĺ͸ɽϿȣԶƽԭݿһ㷱æ͸
Ȼɽ磬˿ڶδǼ顣Ȼϡ٣ݿŨһЩҲ࣬Զʤݵȸ֮ء
ĺӣԴݡﴦһѵĴϿȡұ⴦ļϿȵߴ
˱ɽˮƽذһӴıݣƺΰϿȴˮãǱ֣֣ɾ
ΪһĴļϿվＫ֮ǰܹ˵صˣΪ֮ʿʿ˵СʿҪվĴϿȣִұҪһͷ
ʿҲᱻǱ𺳡
ұĹģ൱ڰԵǵĴС¥˿ڡΪߴ֮׵Ĺţڽλһϼ壬ϼʵ֮ۺһߣɽܹ֮Ტ۵Ĵɼ壬
Ҷ뿪ݣһչ򣬼ԦϷɵұ֮⣬
ڷе;УȺ󿴵ʮȺʿеڣҲڵ·ʿݾڳұûκʿۼ֮أЩʿĿĵȻǰұ
Ҷƣ֪Щʿȥұʲôһߴʿڵ·ȥѯȥʲô
곤߼һʿһЩн;ηĻشλǰҶ֮󼴽顣ҵȶסڽݵСʿǰȥұϲǰӦҲȥұɣ
ҶѯʣŶڳﱸ磿ôǽұҪרŵϲ֮
߼æãֻҪǰȥϲıͣܽұҴ飬ǰʿƼһãֻдɺʹϲҵСʿûʲôǵòҵʽġСµϢǰȥϲ˳żȥұո֣Ǽ档
Ҷص˵ͷ
ԭԼҸɣܲɫĽұڣڲʿͬʱѰҵ䡣ȻҴ飬ȫûбҪȥʲôɻ뱤ڡ
ǼŮʿէҶزû̫ľηʮĽҶءҶز곤٣ȴѾڵǰʿȻǳĽĶ
Ҷѯ˼䣬Ҵ
ԭҶȱŵһŮʽ˫ޡ
ⳡ˲ɡʿǰع
ûĽʿҪұһϲƵĻֻҪһݺܽȥҾִϲ֮ոˡ
кܶС塢ɢޣҲȥұո֣۽磬ܲʸҡҪлܹҽԵǿ¡
Ҷ˼һлȥǼʿ۵Ŀ£գ۹Ϊеһ΢СĹ㣬ʧԶʡ

ҶصұΪ˱ðңԶԶıɽϿʯףʰ׶ϡʱұͱƼʿ쳣֮ࡣʶģʶģ໥к
ǰʮӣڱǰ񣬲Ҵͨ͵ݺšܹұǰڱ͵ǰ͵ݱͨҲһ
ɽ֮УͨΪߵָͣ¡ζɽеĵλźУŵʿζŴߣЩǷǳĶǴɺʹʿûݵɢޣݵ΢Сʿ۶һ¡
ˣض֥ꡣ
ұļӿһֺʿĺ񣬲ֶ̲ͨ͡ݵҩΪѵãڴɼҲһҩģߺһɤӣŴ˽뱤ڡ
ʱվұǰģЩҵ֮⣬һİӡĸߣòãΪͶ֮䶼һɴӵķ緶ü֮ȴ¶һݽ֮ɫƺⱤǰʲôˡ
Ƿ֮ҶҲͶһݺͺ
൤Ҷأ߶ꡢ߰ƾһꡣ
ұĵӼ⼸Ʒͷ΢һҲ˺ü֡ݳҩѾټˡȻأǱЩССʿϵƷҪ߳üΡ
λڱǰ߶ЩİӣͻȻ൤ŵӳ֣ʱϲҴҿ첽˹ץסҶصֱۡ
൤ŵ𣿡
ϲĿ˿Ҷصȴûп൤ӣ¶֮ɫʵλʦܣô൤ֻһǰҲǸ൤һɵĵһǰ𣿡
ҶһüͷѲӣҴ飬ءֻԸݰݷұǴ൤Ŷڸ൤ŵ룬ˡ²֪ôһ¡
ԭˣ൤ŵӻûǰӻȻ׹ЩʧܿͻָЦ⣬ЦȻʦ뱤УұԪ衣Ƕߴŵĵӣպлᣬ׽׽
Ȼպ󻹳ʦֶչˣ
Ҷһ֣Цһ£沽ұڡȻû൤ӵݣټһݲ̫ĺȻԹ͵˳ұڡ
ұ󣬴Լٹꡣ뱤֮ǽֵڶĲ¥¥լԺס˵ұһС͵ĳǳأҲ˿ΪֻⱤƽֻסҵˣҵʿҲдҵ׷ˡ
ҵ׷ˣұûʲôλԡȴһǻ׹ݣݼΪ֮ˡϻʵۣڸصϷǴұ߳ȥѪס
ҶؽұڣƼ˶ǧƵʿԵַǷ·ıͣۼڱļݾ¥ҵĻ£ɽս
ҶشǰұΪѰЩ͵˼ȫͬΪѰҲұֳκ¶ǵζǱھע²źð졣
ڣҪľǵһǰϲıͣеʿΪֻΪϲⳡĿġȻ취һѰұ
൤ŵҶأλʦ֣
ŵ챦
´ŵӡ
Ҷغܿڱ֮䣬ʶ˲ߴɵһЩʿ
Щʿ࣬ҪôСҪôɢޣûʲôûûϵ󲿷ֵʿʵûʲôھۻʱ໥һҲǽɽһݾ
ҶСĹڣߴɵʿʶЩ½ʶʿֲ໥ߴɲٵĵӶһɽȤ¡
ɽ֮ԽԽҵĴսִҵĻ⡣ⳡսɽÿһʿϣʿʧءµˣࡣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ұǰһ޴ɤ߿ܣ쳹Ǳ
൤ţʸʸϼάϼᰣǰϲҴ飡
ȱţϼɡϼ١
ţϼ塢
ߴɵĺĵӣɼһĵӣԼͬһյİʱִ֣ұƺƴҵ£Ҳҵ߹ӭӡ
һʱ䣬ұɲǣѾִǧʿǷһ֮Щɧ
ɽڣߴʵӴʮɼ壬һĺֻ¶μⳡҶȱһŮӵĻ硣ǼΪ顣ƫƫ⻹ɽսǰϦ


271 ļ
ߴеĺĵͬʱִұƺƴ󣬲Ϊ˵˵ϼʿ߻Ǿۼڱڵǧˣɧ
˴ĶںʿĵҶҲɳһ̸ֹͣȺΪӵıŴȥ
ʱұ棬һʿѾӭӹͣ⸽ʿǶȵʮɻҶĴ飬ôߴǿƵĴĵӣءǹҺȱŵңļ壬ŻɳߵεĺĵμӻŶ԰
Ҷͬв죬ߴɵĺĵӵ˽⣬ЩӼ縺żصչǱǲҪ飬Ϊġ
һ˸൤šȱšڵ߸ɼĺĵӣ֮ǰִľŸɼĵӣұѾʮλĺĵˣߴɶɳɫĵǰءұʲôʱز
ٺ٣λϵܣͲˡڹλеһߴ֮סЩǧ괫еϼ壬ûжټԺᲢۡɽڣұȻʢİ꣬λǰӦû⡣飬ҲЩӡ
ɣķ⣬Ҳ޺ˡ
ҶԱʮСʿĽš
һͷĺӣȴΪɷ羰䳰ŴɹȻͷϧЩпõJǹͷҪɱйϻףȵЩһ·ɱʿǽĽ˵վˡ
ΧʿĻͷһͷĺӣмΪ顣
ҶҲ˿Ǻںӣɻ󣬴ֵĸоЩ죬⸱òδһ£ûмǺˡ
ҶһԳżҲûٶ롣

Ⱥ۷׷֮ʱһȺʮ൤šȱšŴĵӣѾʰײжִұǰЩɵĺĵӣеҪôӢͦΣҪôηŮҪôò绨Ҫô˪ǴϿмĴ󲿷ˣȻǼзȵʿ
ǰļλĿޱȡ
ʸĻʸɱʮϰߣŰɳ񣬲ӯʿǰ档
൤ڵĻʸһ壬ڼΪʱλ൤֮ףҸΪƾáʸ缫¶棬ڴм䣬Ĵڼ˲ΪʸʿĸΪʿλ𵤼ʿɽ֮ĿĵĽ㡣
൤ϼάϼĳɺȻͬԺգŻߣȴֻԻʸΪסȱź͵ŵĺĵҲһڼʸ֮ǵѡ˸ں档
ʸʦãʦҿգǵȵˡ
ԪվڱǰŴȺҵӳӭڴӵĵü֮ϲ֮ɫٳٶ۵ˣҲԿǶôڴʸĵ
Ԫʦ֣Ҵʸ壬ǰԪʦֺͺʦõĴʾأǺ񡣡ʸ̬ԵƽЦ˵һ֡
Աߵһʸʿһݺ嵥˹ȥ
Ԫ˿˼ȥЩֽҵӣȻʸ뱤
ԪʦĿ˰ʦˣȴҵʦʦǶ֮Ժˡһ̲䳰ӻʸԶ
Ԫ΢΢һſʸվŵһλӢʿάһקģŭ
ά֪ģߣΪᣬһǻʸ׷֮һҪǣάʸһǳ൤ŵĴʿ塣ˮ¥̨ȵ£˵вһ֡
ԪļקҪγѪܿЦзȵĹֵԭάʦܣ겻Ϊǣȴһ˵ʦһ氡ʦҵʧˣάʦܣλʦܡʦã뱤ʦֵܽÿʮѵһۣ˷һҪúɡ
Ԫ費ɫĽά䳰ȷڵ뱤
ССĲδӰ쵽˵顣ǴɼĺĵӣȻϣȴ̨˺ЩĵӴҲΪԴ׶мҪҪҲ˶ɽߴɴĵӣһۼССұ
ʸڼӲұ·ڽֵʱ򣬲ͻȻһ£峺˫ɲǼһȡ
һѾûмǣӵˡʿЦЦȺʧϤƽޱȵЦݣʸɲǼһЩʧϻָȥ
ʦ㣬ôˣ
άʸһֵͣѯʡǳ֣˳£ûע⵽ʸ쳣ȴע⵽ϸڡ
ûʲô
ʸҡҡͷҲδκν͡һߣоϲһ˼ȫڸղ侲ЦϡҶΪλұһʱ䷴ûȥ롣
άĿ⣬ڱڱȺһ顣
һ·ϣûмʸʲôȤΪղŻʸɵһɲʲô鶼ûзϧΧȺ̫ӣȴһδκ״
άòȴһʮˣǶ䵭һǻûκλӦʯôƣպҵᡭηʸʦ塢ʦ壬άɲ¡ƾҵʣٸһʮʱ䣬ΪʿҵҪʸʲôܾҡ

ҶزδʸԼ൤ŵļ棬ֱӴȺϢ뿪Ѱʥ˵ġڴ˵һ⡣
Ŀ֮£Ǿ޿ȥʸΪ⣬Ӱ쵽Ѱ֮£¹ϵ𵤴ͬѰֻڽֵһԵȺпһ۱û˵ע£뿪
ʸʸ˵Ҵ飬϶ҪֻҲϾпպ档ұ˶ӣɲ൤һ徻֮ء˵ע⣬ֻе鶼̱üޱȣԴ
Ҷزòģͷ뿪Ϊĳֶ¶
ҶڱڱֵܿȺ߹һֵ˶䣬Ҽ徻һĲ¥ȥԼƽβұҳ
ǾոչʱͻȻԱߺ˹һ΢ֵʿվҶǰһ֮ĿҶأϴ޵ɱɱ֮
Ҷɫһ䣬̲סҪ䴢ȥų漴ƽַһЦ˵
ԭʷ֣òôұ
λۣͨͻȻֵʿǱˣԻ֮صս̽ʷλھŲĴʿҶصִ˵֮ǰұǧϲıм䣬ҲΪĸ߽ʿ
Ҷصн׵ΪȻǱʷһأη֮ɫұɱװװӡҴ֮գɻѪ֣֮û˸ڱڷʷð踣֣ҲֶȥֵֻҪƬ̹ϱдȺҵǰֹİȫûʲô⡣
ϵܣΪλұα֪ءұһ̣ע⵽ˡʮʿͱһ»ʥʣû뵽º㾹Ȼǵһ׷ϱٵˡʵ̫͹ʵ
ʷĿɲǼһɱ⣬ܿ쵭ȥֻЩ졣
ڽ֮ǰûԤϵҶػұ
ڵ»ֻ꣬õʥʸ»֮󣬱ټĸ£ɽұʮһ»ʿӻڳϱ㿪ʼʷ
һ·ϣΪ˰ʮʿ׷٣αװ壬ԼȥЩٶʿĵطΪˣһ·Ϻķ˴ʱ䡣
ȻʱҶһ꣬ȴҶ絽һ¶ѡ
֮ʷαװɽĳңԶѶʿԶɽսҵݻңΪݾҵĿʿ
Ϊʱɽ綯ңӸѵǸʿ̫࣬ʷͶұҲδ̫Ļɡ
ǣʷһѾ˼ûұҵ䡣ûʱһһ»ҶأȻ׷ٵ˵
ʷڼҶسֵʱŭ֪ɱ֮졣
벻ףһ·ϲ˴ĵαװΪξȻûܰ׷ٶʿ
Ҷس׳Ҳ֪Ҫ
ʷδ
侲֮ʷûаһҶأұʿ̫࣬¶ݵĻ롣ɱҶأұضϼ̲飬ҲұȥҪ˵ȥѰˡ
һ㣬ʷ϶Ҷ׷ԼұΪҶ֪ұھҪʲôֻʥʺ׷ٶʿǲġһ㣬ҶΪá
һ㿼֮ʷֱӳҶǰ¶棬ɱתΪЦϵܼȻˣǾʹ촰˵ǶΪޱȵδҵ֮ǰҲûҪһǲǣ


272 ֮
ǵȻһΪءʷѾǾŲ۷ʿʲôͻһƿҪʷõµĵط˵ԸЧȮ֮͡³ܹ֮һСңм
Ҷɫƽ̬ŵļ͡
ʷԼұȡһΪֵĻѶɻή࣬ٱȵжҪǿ֮ѡԵĻôѶȽἱ籶ֻµͷ˭ҲռˡֻʷõǼҲͬõ
ʷϬĿⶢҶһƺҪҶĵ׾ôġҶص侲κﲻ˵ĵطϱ¡
ʷ˵֮󣬱˫ˡҶΪϺľ޴࣬㹻ţһж֮С

ұڼ˿Ҳ࣬ǧƵıͣ޷סеĿͷʿͶǵһߵСԺͷס
ұ˴죬ֱҹʱ֣Ž徻ʷҲҶ齵СԺұı֮ʶڶ࣬໥ݷǳе飬δע⡣
ҶѾڷڵȺʱ
˼棬޷ϻֱ⡣
ʷӴȡһݴֲڵֽʵͼ̴ľָָ̯ͼϵĺüطұһݼԳǱͼһ˲ٴһҵϼūŪ֡һĵطǰѾϸѰûҵʥ˵Ǽ
ڱڻʣ崦ΪܵĵطһûȥѲȻǽֺǾҪһжҲռıˣееĶҸǱ崦ص㣬Լʱ䡣
Ҷϸ˿ͼͼϵȫĬС
ܿ΢ü
ʷ֡崦طڱڵֻ¶ұĽذɣҵĽأ
Щطֲܿҩҩԣң߱չ֮أȻǳɭϡ̽ˡЩطÿһһʿԼʮʿ׻ȥǱȷĻҪȥҲҿϵӦúܾͨⷽҲͷһ׷ϱ
ʷ֣֪ʥ˵ǼʲôƷʲôģһ·ˣҲñϡ
ҶͻȻѯʡ
ôޱȣҼȻʲôģʡʷЦպҴ飬Ƿͷȥ⼸̽顣³֮󣬷ֵﲻ۶ѣǶ˸һ룬Σ
ã
Ҷس˼֮һڴӦ
˴Э飬ʷ뿪
Ҷؿʷ뿪ӰƽݣͻȻһĨЦ⡣
Ȼ֪ͻƽƿʲôƷ
ʷ֣ȴҲ϶˵﾿ʲôƷСС̽ԿʷȻûֺĳ⡣Ƕҵ֮뿪ұٲûһƴ
׼¹˭֣ɾͲ˵ˡ
ҪǵģԼҪȥ̽Ķء

Ҷغʷ֪ģţͼıұϵʱͬʱұһ򵥱չڣҲʿһΪҪ
˵ұɭϵĽءѣչǱ֮μûٻҲ̤Ұ벽
ҵĿ֮У˵ΪȨʥĵطһоǰ;˵ָǴڴġܹڶ̶ٶڴһС׳ΪɽָĴ壬ȫǰ͡
ʱڣϵɫĮߣȻұѾİѡ
棬ʮ־нϹϾڵϵʿԪԪֵܣǶҲҵټ
˶ǰĿá
ֵܶ˲²ҹͻȻǶǰ⣬Ҳ⿪ڡ
һеһһҲȥţΪʵȨĸ֮һһ仰ֵܶ˾һ
ԪԪһۣоѹסĵ׵ϲáǶȻСָΪҵļ̳ˣǷȫһ仰жˣ׿ڳŵڼڵĵλʯ
ѻİٶ꣬ʣµԪָѾûжӿԴҵշ֮£ʢٶꡣһˣҺˣضʢ˥ǿףĿޱĿǣЩ䡣
ڣһ尲̩򲻿˵Ȳ֮
ô˵Ȳ֮ڻмԪһʱڴﵽԪӤڵļ߾磬ٻ˸ǧ꣬ҲⰡ
Ԫһæڵϣ˵ԪҲǾޱȡֵܶ˵УǼϵĵλǴӳڣҲûѻ⡣ΪкܴĿı滹硣
ˣһж೤ԪԼ᲻𣿣ֹ̧Ƕ˵ȥƽ˵ҽֵǰһҪҪǶȥ
뽲
ֵܶ˱ϹϾ
ɽܱɽ֮ĴսСսٴʮ֮࣬ÿһǧ꣬ҪһΡǳǣɽĴսԽߴɷԽʢ˿û˥ܵļ˵Ϊʲô
ԪԪǧһεɽս飬ֻڹżпǴ˵ȥʢ˥ܵ顣
ǵҲʮ꣬꣬ƽһ뵽ҲԼʵԼڼڵĵλȵȷ顣
ڸɽĴսû㹻ʿλߵʿŪеĹؼȴҪԪпܷḻ
ɫȴơҵͨʿȻȥЩҪΪܲǼʢĳ֮á
ɽ֮Ĵսԭ򼫶ࡣеΪﲻ㣬Ϊ㹻սеĳЩҰĵĸ߽ʿĻƶͼưԸɽ硣еΪ⣬Ϊ˽Ѫϴһȴʼδ䡣ÿսڶСɡСΪʵСضɽսб塣ÿδս֮ռеĵ̽ļ١ɵĵӳûս䣬ռݸĵ̡ɽߴɡ֮ԽԽǿʢΪˡһ䣬ƽ˵
ԪԪȵͣ𾪵˵޹˼ӶĻ֮ڣһʱԽܡ
Ƕ˶ӵļӣֱɵĹܻŮӣӶᱦͬŵҲ֪ɹ١
ǵУߴһԹԾӣаʿһ𡣶ɵҲɷǵǰһȺֵóݺ;ʿЩһղҪﵽĿꡣڽ뷨ӦøЩӵȫͬ
ֵܶ˲źȻ֣ѪȺ֮пᣬɽġʿֻɵǿʢ»ʯƮƮһ仰Уͱˡ
ѱĿ£ļµĵͷ
ΪߴôǿΪʢ˲¡ԲߴɽյʢǶЦϹʱ߷֣ĳõˣܵõࡣҵ֮ʿԻĳΪ׷Ҫĳã͵ȥôȥԪһ·Ϲɣħ·߼ΪУԿɱ֮Ԫ֣ɱȥľԼ
ѻ˵ȥƺ˵һƽ顣
ڣƺɭֵܶ˸о쬵ģĵðһɳǵĺ⡣һоԼĺˣǽ֪ڵѪ磬޷֮ȡ
ߴôĵӣҪ忪֦ɢҶĵ̣ǴЩݻٵСɡСеġֵܶ˿֦ɢҶպҪԽ壬ѵ㶼һ֮أ
һЦֵܶˡ
ԪԪ޻˵˼
һǳʵ⣬Щ̫Сˣһֵܶ˷ּң϶޷ͬʱɼ塣ֻȥҽ塪ǰǰǸҵɼпĵطǽ塣
ƽ޹ȥɼ壬δ̫𹫷ߺָ𡭡ⳡɽսϢȥߣŵõİ취
ûٶ˵ʱȴֵһöУȡöɫĹʵǵЩˮϵ֮Ⲣ޳֮
ڣʲô
Ԫ衢ԪֵܶĿжЩɻͺ档ܴӽ𵤼ʿóǿɲΪһĶ
Ѳδشöͬʱƺڻ飬ϲԾ¶ЩЦ⡣˺һſѯʵ
ٿʿҶһУʱֵܶ˸ߵľ֪ΪʲôƫƫֱֵָܶﱲΪҵĺĵӣСо


273 ҽ
óö¶ЩЦ
Ԫ衢ԪԸоϵѹ࣬ҲʵĻش𡣡޵ܣ֪ΪνҶ˶ΪҼ̳ˡʾ
ҵļ̳˶ֱָ˭Ҳǳʲôѡֵܶ˸Ҳ̫ãߣǻҲߣܵз̸ϡ˵ҵ竵Ҳ˿Ϊ
Щֵܶ˶Ϊϼļ̳ˡεļҲֵܶ˵ĸףֻǹɶѣûжȨλҪ
Ҫмȫ֧֣ṩ˴鵤ֵܸʮﵽнϵΪһӶʿҲ˵
ºࡣ
ԭҲ򵥣öϡ˹ΪˮƳɽ֮󣬿ˮŲʿͻƽƿɽһһ汦ԭöһöǰҷˣʣöڴˣһֱٿڣˮǱɫľǶֵˡֻҪֵܶκһͻƽ𵤣ҲǺˣɱұɽĵλǶ˶ܴﵽ𵤾磬ôңΪɽһҲδɡ
Ϊ⡣
еĻֻǶö˱ûмֵұһ֮⣬Ҳûκεڶ֪ĴڡֻҪڣÿұܳһλ𵤼ʿǲż己ٵĸԴ
ʲô
ͻƽƿ
Ԫ衢ԪŲ۵ʧȻվĽΪȻ֮
ǲΪŲԶ֮Ƴɵ飬ױˡֻǵʲɫ߽׵ԽԽ˴ϷԳӭȢȱŮӣϣ˫޴󷨣ӿٶȣٶȴﵽ߽׵۷塣һᾡһ֮ܲܶɹС٣𵤣ÿ컯ֻҪǵκһ˽ᵤʢ꣬Ҳǿڴ
ǣڣҹڵڴԪĻһ˫ĿѾͨ죬¶ޱȵĿ⣬ĶǶöˮ´֮⣬ԺлһƬ롣
ڣأ
ԪȴˣֻᵽԪĻ£ȴûἰ
ѳ˼һ£ʱûΪɫʺϵ˫ѡȵȰɣߴʺϵŮѡ˵
ԪȴڣӲðҿ൤ŵĻʸҵıʦþͺܺãֱӳ棬ʸװɣȢʸȻʮԪҲĸԸ
Ԫ谧ѡ
У
һڷԪĿ
Ϊʲô
Ԫˡ
ѳһʸѾͷͱˡ൤ŵҰļ󣬾ǧʵӵиߴʿҹŲҹÿһʿսǿߴ֮׵ĵλ͸൤Ŷȥ
൤ʱ޿̲ųԽź͵ţһٳΪһɣռݸӴĵ̡ʸΪ൤ŵһ壬ʸ϶ı㣬ϽŮ޸ŵңԪΪȡźȱŵĽˣ취ѹ൤ŵҰġ
˵ʸѾͷҼȻĸߣֻϧı˫ʿƽڵؼʱ߻ħǻʸ϶ʵˣֻزˡҵƶϣʸ϶Ӧû൤£ʵһɡ֮һɺͼΪأҪᡣ
˵ţԪȵ֪ϲСֶΡǲҪȥע⡣൤ŵĻʸϡϣǱ꣬ıҸáҵĴƣ㲻á
ǣڣ
ԪЩĵĵͷɫҵȴ˿Υ־ͼ
һ֣ȥһ¡òһ꣬ԭºʿɱǣһɽѪսɱ⡣˷ߴɴĵǰұۣΪػ磬ʵΪЭ棬ڷͻǶˣϼ壬̸Эս֮档
ڣֵܶⷽ޾飡
ԪЩġ
޷ЩһӶûʲô飬ǴڿʼҪѧȥЩ¡ɲ֮£һȥǡ⣬Ҫȥȱŵһ棬ûа취Ƴ𵤡ֻȥձأڼ䱤ڵʱֵܴһСĽǧ򲻿ɴ⡣ʲôʣﴫұɡǳȥɡ
ǣڣ
Ȳиһְأ
ֵܶеļ˳ұҡ

Ķգߴɳĺĵӣ½ִұԽ
һգڸӣڱ͵ļ֤֮£ұԪϼŮʽٰ飬ұһϲա
ҶءʷȻҲ޷μӣͬһС
ɽĻ׽ϸ裬޹ʣյͷסϲƶƣʿȶˣҲ
ϵܣղȥ֮ʱǶٷôǶ㣬ĿһԹߣҪɱ㣿Ī֮䡭
ʷžյһڣŹ֣˵٩ζ
е£Ҹλٷ˺޹ϸ𡣡
ҶεĿЦ
ҶٷǵŮӡǰ붴ʱȱŵŮӣ˺üȱŵŮӡȱŵ֮һǴŮӣ˸ΪսڶйݵĽ֡ƫƫôɣȻڴ˵ˣһҵĶٷˡǶǳ£ҶٷֻЩ޵Щˣϲ׮¡
ʷҶصļ򣬲δڴ۾ұڲסشȻ̾ǺôɣһķѲʯǧĹƾһãʿˡһӪ˽꣬ʵȴȲʮ֮һʵ˲ɢʿɽٲѰ
ҶĬȻ
⼸ұڣЩӣͬеһɾ޴ѹһεĽȸС
Ǳʣбɫģ
ͬΪʿʿɢȴŽȻͬĵλʷŲʿûм壬ұҲһĹ߲ͣȥɢʿǸ޷Ĵĵӿ⡣
ǽʿһ޷Ϊ𵤼ʿĴжڿп޵СɫĨȥҲ̫⡣
ֵʱ֣ٱͶ顣ʷҶأȴϢ뿪סСԺͷұδѲɭϵ崦أѰ䡣
Ҷڱڲ̽ͨĽأδκ쳣
Ŀ⣬ұһլԺ
ұ뱤֮ʱԼоһİϢڣұΪΣյĵطеıͣûκ˸ҿ
Բ²⣬ܿչ֮ء
óȻȥ̽飬ûʲô
ҶطǳȵǣǹϢͻȻȥȡ֮ǣ˼ұʿڸ
ǸطӦұΪصĵطҲΨһû̽ĵط
ҶЩɣҪҪðա


274 
ҶڿҪҪȥ̽ұʱһĻӰϢĳ֮⡣
ϵܣǱҵ𣿡ǻӰӿڵʵ
֮ǰ̽Ƕأز̫ϣһǿʯֿ⣬˲ٵĿʯһǾﴢңһЩûзʲôرʷ֣ǱߵΣҶؿǻӰһۣƽ˵ǻӰʷǷͷȥѲұʣµļءѲڴ˵ٴͷ
ǱҲûκη֡
Ҷ΢΢ͷʷĻûлɡҪʷ淢ôһҪ뿪ұǼ
ұֻʣһûв̽ˡʿطһˡҪƹǵļӽأֻ԰쵽ҪǾ˱ڵʿǿɾǰˡ
ҶСұЩǡֻһʿĻҪȥһЩǶ˵Ļġ
ˣϵܰҿסܣ˿
ʷұĿ䡣طͶϣıչ֮أҶһ׿ұһ£ڵȵĺûᣬ

ұһλĲʿһʿ棬Ц̸ţСơıչ֮أұ֮һǶչصʵһ沢κмֵƷмֵƷϡ
ǱԪڴ˵Ψһãǲõ֮չصңŭ𡣽Ҷ飬ְصʿҲȵСơ
ͻȻǿһʿһƺ«Сҡҡλεĳ
ʲôˣҽأ뿪˵أ
̾һʿʵû˵꣬ǸʿͨһԵڵϣл˵ЩʲôޱȡҪƺЩſſĵڵδȻڵϸɴ˯졣
һþƹ磬㿴죿
ʿǰȥһţǻʿ޶ֻܻͷʿ
ʿ˹ȥʿɫȥľüͷӦϲϺȶ˵ı̧ͣߣӵǸյլԺȥ
ʿ˵ͷǻ̧ԶһЩ
ǣƵĻʿȴ䡣һɷۺɫͻȻǻʿ͵˳ڶϡ
Ƕ˴һĹ죬ڼ̵ʱڱ͸ڣһûüֱڵϣµļ޵ĺɫ
ʿȴһԾ΢ֵѾ˿κ⣬żֵ⡣Ϊܶʿףһ°ʿסɾ¡
Ҷؼʷ˸ɴİڵأľӺڰ֮Ʈ˳޵ʷǺֶΡ֪ʲôȻһסλн׵ʿ
Ǻ׶βĳҺƳ֮ɽ缫Ϊټһ˺ôĴ۲ŵռôһС«ϧȫǶˡлҪ˵ǽȥҰɡʿ˺ֻסʱֻжʱʱѲҡ
ʷЦŶѾȫԹȥֱչصңһǣδɱǣȻ
ҶػȻҲ˽ȥ
ǼһǰʿʱӵʦҲ֢״ĶղŻָӴŵӵеһ«ڡֻûԤϵʿȻҲǿҵЧС
ʷұһڡ
ʮɴСһһ߿ļʯɣΪǿյмһݵ桢һ¯֮⣬ҲûƷıչؾ֮أļª
Ҷ΢һң㲻òϣ޷ҳκ֮Ҫ˵ˡ
ɲʲôûСұҪĻıչ֮Ϊɡ
Ҷط۲ʷʷѧǳӣء󷨵ȵȣҪʲôĻʷ֡
Ȼʷɨңϸÿһطʼڹĵ
ιͻȻʷڵʯأҵڲʯǽ֨֨˿¶һѨ
һȻĶѨЩխݶͨУðһĳʪϢ
Ϊߣ֮ȴôϲұܣʯѨˡϵܣһȥɡ
ʷٺЦЦžٲʯѨȥ
ҶЦЦ
ȴԽĹͷΣգλЦʷӻ֮߻ӵĵطʿȷ黹졣ҵɲλûܰѡϵܡߵʷ˿顣
ʯѨԼ֮һǳ徻ĵʯѨ
·ߣֻһڴʯ촦ʳĺ̶ɫ̶ˮԶԶıҶظеһ̹ǵĺ⡣û˿˪ļˮĹŹ֡
Ҷغܿ콫עȫŵһùϡ
ĺĺ̶ԱߣĳһһЩɿݵֻѾǧꡣϽöɬ
һɫˮĻšϲĻӦ󷨡
ʷ֣ʥָӦþϵɣ
ҶصЦȴվԶԶģԶʷ
δһͨ󷨣޷⿪ϵ󷨽ƣһ󷨣ܻܿᾪϼĵӣǾͲˡҲʷᣬΪҪ
ϵܣֻöְʷͷЦŽĿתҶء
öʷҵȻӦʷСҶǫõ˵
ʷЩˣΪҶҲҪõһ񶷡û뵽ҶͷϾȻǫöˡЩҶǲʲôıƣıǰ
㲻ҪҪʲô
ֻõһ֦ȥ֮֡
Ҫ֦֦ҪΪ˵ǧ깤򡣳֮Ҫϲܽǽ᲻˹ʵġȵõһǧԺˡ
޷Ȼòϣһǧǣһõˮ
㲻ɴùȡߺˣٽʡһǧĹ򡣡ʷΪȻϷЦ
ɲУȡϵһֻ֦ŭһֱ׷ȥȡùϵ˵ֻ֮궼׷鵽ףɱҲɡҵߣ¿סŭ𰡡ҶؿЦҡͷṵ̂ĵκΣյĳ̶ȡԣõһ֦͵õûжٲֺαذߣȥ̼档
ϵܵͦǰϵƺϵôã
൤ŵƷ伮ԴϸļأΪڰ˽ֱԣľˮǰһãȻеˮˮ볤ˮ֮أȱˮĵط޷ұĺӵΣ˵ѨˮΪĵطܹ档ұʢˣϡ
ˮһνͨһ죬ؼȻΪˮ֮öӻûг죬ҩ»Ҫ졣ΪˮˮֻӵˮʿͻƽƿЧʿˣҲûκá
ԭϵǳ൤ŵĵӣͲˡɵȲ˰ôãöһöãЧҲࡣ
̸֮䣬ʷѾΧԣڷɿĶƳ󷨡˵Σգɲܾĵط
һʱɫ󷨱ƽ⡣˵ҲЦ沢ͨ󷨣ֲԸֻ֣֮һСˮԵĻ󷨡ʷȴԵüΪͨ»궼״ȥһС͵Ļ󷨣Եùڼ򵥡
ɫˮĻʧöδɫҲʷڡ
ʷʱϲ֮ɫǧ࣬ڽʥ˵ҵ֡ҪǣˮȻǱʺܵͣҲСлᵤ
ҶشʷųȥҪϽһ֦ʱͻȻͷһ裬ʯѨڴһۣһ㣬ڶһʯ¡
ʷĶ˿գۼ䣬Ѿں̶һӰ£۶ŶڡҶشһжֵ֣Ļʹɱ֣Ҳϧ
΢Ķڽ


275 
ҶʯڣȴĿʿʩչ֣һɽģסһн׷ֽг
ҵʿ鷭ʿֻұѾض󡣰Ӧòҵʿô˽ˡ
һСһͷʿӰӳʯڣǴƺ֪δ̽ҲûиҶغʷκιĻᡣ
ʿЦʷ֣ϵܣǶ˾ͱˣ֪ǾⶴڡǶΪѰα˺
ʲôˣ
ʯʷɫһȥȵ
ʷϲô
ǻʿҲ֪ʩչʲôͷʵΡΣС˽һ룬һݵʿľȻ壬Ҳ
ָԭò֮ԷǰĽʯ
Ҷزɳ˾üͷѹָоôϤ
˵˭أԭϵܡһصķ仯Ȼ֮󣬱Ȼƭ˹ȥ
ʷЦ
˵ţȴŶڵλãһʯȥ߶Զ߶ԶҶû̫⣬ǶȴҵġҶزн׵ΪѣŲʿΪʵǴһʱֲʤұʿʮ鷳
ϧʷע޷Ȼܳȥ
Ĳ壬ʿ
쬣
ѨڴֳʿһӰʯڡ⼸ˣҶغʷͬǳϤ
ϵܡϵܣǵôҲڴˡ
ʷǳ֣㵣ڸеЩ֡Щ͹Щ˵׷˵Ѿ߰Ի֮صʿոյŵõֵöֻ޷Ȼߡ
纣бһֻȭͷСɫӵһ߰һߵЦ
ߣʷΪǼ±ܽҵδ̫С纣ıˣֻڣʷֲڵ°֮ҲһҳлҪ˵зݣʷҪ̵Ļθھδ̫˵㡣ǵ˺ôˣ˭Ҳ񵽺ô
һԵ͵վһԣδ˵ʲôǴ̬ϿôҪûķݣǾɵġ
ʱȴѾں̶ߵǿĸȤĴһչص֮£ԭôһڴķʱ򣬵˵һΪ˵ͻƽƿʥʶʷ˵Ӧþˡʷ֣ƺǸոձժϻµӡۣӦöϰɣɷҵȼʶһ¡
ʷɨһۣ뿪˵أ֮¡ұʿ淢Ƕûɻųȥ
УȰˡȳ˶˭֪᲻ᷴڡһ֮˭Ҫȥ纣ֱһܾʷ顣
㣡
ʷȻŭ
ڶѨһǵҶأۿһĻʱ˵ơ
ʯ̫СʿʵѾĴڣ˭Ҳû̬ȡмΨһһнʿֻܿΪ
ϻʲôȻԸ֣Ǿɱһˣɴɱҵٷһһԡ纣һİʿһĴɳһΪɫâնʷ
Ȼ֣ɱɱɣ
ͻƽƿǰûǸʿܹĵġ
һԺ纣һۣġֹʷ⻹ʿȴҶࡣȻǰŽ붴Ѩȴǲһ·ġ
ʷͬʱ⵽߽ʿΧ˿һţһҫ۵Ľɫâ˳ΪɾͽԲڰеķɿתȫססܵķͷֽΧ
ͬʱһСɫУΪһ²â˳ȥһҽУͷʷʿǻȻɫзֱӶ˿ûܵסǵâ
Ԫ߽ͨ׷ɣʷԪȴٳһ߽ʿΧȻ˿û·硣
һԺ纣ȻҶصʿҲæսȦǸ˵صʿ
ʷȻֵסʿǵķĵļ졣
ϵܡϵܣһ֮öһöΪꡣʷƶ䲻ʱҲ˲Ȱס˵Ҷ£ȥ˴ˣ䵽Ե·硣ҪҶؼһԡ纣һҪĵùˡ
Ҷظû˼κϽⳡ򶷡ʿΪ˶һȻʯѨŲɴСʿһлֲҪǿɵס
Ǽ˸ķкͻ棬Ѩգ۹򣬾Ͱݲеļ˺ѡ
䣡
һž޴Ļ򱻵ɳȥĸȵĸ£ճɻҽ
ҶҲ̲ס͵ĳ˹ȥˮϵˮһѻҽ֮УֻһСػδȫջٵˮ֦Сұӿǳˣǵñķŭɣŭɾ졣ҶЩûڣ֪ˣߵˡ
ʯٴȥʷͽȥ˭˭ⶼҪȥǵġǵǣѨڷľ춯ᾪұʿҪұʿסʯڣǶΪ֮߶ѡ
ʵϣҶϲ
ѨѨһ򣬷ľҲŵķըѾұڵʿֻһʱδŪףΪʲôӵ´
Ƿұңչ֮أʿѾڳһ޴Ȼʯ֪²˴չ֮ءұڽкһʱ
ԪܻĴָҵʿȻæȴ·
죬ʮ붴̽飡
ˣӷұʮﷶΧֹһԱ룬κεӳȥ
֪ͨڣұ֣
ʮұʿļĳʯ

ұڵıͣĵҲž궯̽ǻҪһ̽Թ֡
ұڽͷ£ɶʵѿ
Ȼұڴңʱʯڣʷһԡ纣ȴɻΪöĹִ¡ܹôöǷ֡
ҶʯѨûüһȺұʿѾʯѨͨ
һԻ֮صʿ׳ͨ赲ȺʿʯʯѨͨխһ߽ʿԽһȺеͽ׵ʿ档
ұʿһʱ岻ⶴѨͨĳѾȫұʿʿҪӶѨͨȥҲǲܵ顣
Ҷɫһ䣬뿴ľڻǳ֡
ۿ˼ڼʿһۣ˵ѾұʿסǾܻųȥ𣿶һ㷨ɣ֧ܶһʱ䡣ڴЩ򡭡


276 Ʊڶ
Ҷᵽ棬ʯڼʿǶʱ˱ɫľηһˮͷϣпȳ嶯˼֡
ұɽպĽ𵤴ʿϳǿΪĻ֮ءףǼŭ棬Ҫ뿪˵أȴûôס
ҵԪֻʣʮѣҪ޷ᵤҲԶǻνˡǵԪɱҳ࣬ѵԸҪٲס֣ǸɴһˡʷջػУԽ𻷷ֵ˹ҪͬĻȥֻ֮һöʣµô֡Σ
һԺ纣һʱòʷѨͨļҵĴ򶷣ڷȻ֣ͣջط
ʷҪǿһóᱻڴ˵أھóô뿪˵أ纣ŭĴµ
뵣ģҾͨľ֮ѧڽ֮ǰұϸоұĵΡұǽɸߵվɽϿ֮ϣɽϿԱıӡʯѨұԼҵһھĻԴͨʯڣֱӴӴϿȳȥһʯΪϷͨӵķ򡣡ʷָһ㣬г˵Ǳ̶֣ұʿڶ࣬ʯ֧Ųסá
ʿȵʷλʷѧ֮ӣǶΪԼܻܿᱻʯڣʷȻת˲֮ˡ
ְɣ
Ҷֱӿ˵Ѿһɽʯڻȥ䡱һ죬ʯɽɽʯϻһľ޴Ѿһ֦еĿѾɡһ뿪ʯһϣ
ɶʿʯڣֵסұʿ͹˶ʩչɽ֮ļɿĺʯڣɽʯѨڿٷҫ
˴ǵص˲ʹʹòûܳȥĻбڵ»Σա÷ɽھͨȫһЩ߽ʿȫھͨеٶ˿
䣡
ֻƬ̹һĺ죬һԶĶѨڱͨһϿ磬Ͽ浹ʯڡ
ɵɽڱ򴩣ɽϿӹ֮
ʯڵ˴ϲ׷׼Ԧɽһɳ˳ȥ
ʷһݣ塢һԵʿ׷ǲʷ뿪Ļδǵķˡ
ҶҲͬβһ˷С
ʵ뵥뿪ʶΧһɨ㷢ɽϿѾвٵҵʿп಻ߵĻױʿ½ס

ұ⣬Ѿ̶߳ȵĽ䱸֮С
ҴԪ裬ʮʿǿйʯʿŴȺӣұΧʮؽ磬֮ѡ»֮еĶԪԶصʿѾѰټС
ĿǰұҺҵʿжʮ֮ࡣһ൱Ӵ˾ηʵҪ֪ųʿ൤ţҲǶʿұҡҵʿѾﵽ൤ŵʮ֮һ
ȻΪҪһǣұڻһȺı͡ϵʿһˡ
ЩУҪôǸнѣҪôǴߴǰһĵӣ˵ĹϵֻҪһСԸһ֮һǿ
ԪʱѾ֪Ⱥ߽ң٣бѾЩ壬⵽ڵ𷣡˲Լ棬ߴɵ֧ԮԪе֮ȫסڽ޷Ԥγͷ
Ԫ֧Ԯߴɵĵ£Ȼ޷Թȥͬһ֮
ʷҶص˴ɽϿƱڶϱ㱻ʿ̷֡ХΪźţ֪ͨʿǰͬʱðǿжʷһ˽ж½ء
ֻҪʷסСƬ̣ܿдȺҵʿӵϵǸʱʷȻǲҲӡ
ôұߣԪХ²һɫҫĽâűڴȺ׷
ͷߣپ
ʷ˻ͷһƣȻɫüһʮʿɱ˹ҪǱһȺʿΧסȫҪնΪ⽴Ǵʱﻹ˼صʿɢݡӲߣĽձǼա
˻Ϊߵɫâͬķݶȥ
صʿһ£һʱ䲻֪ȥһâźáǵķӦҲ죬ܿ⣬ͷȥΪߵʷ塢һˡΪԽߣԽץס֮еԣԶץסһҪʿǿĶࡣ
Ҷ֮ռһСˣнףΪһʿԥķˡ
Ҷû˿ϲãɫԽ
ΪһȺʿҲֳΪ·׷ͷ׷ˡ
ҶشһɫĶңһͽ׵Ľ𽣷ͷһۣ࣬׷ʿ֮࣬ÿһΪ˿
ʵˣҪǱ׷ϣһС£ס鷳ˡ
ҶһĴ׳һŰƴСϣѸٻΪһʮɴСơ֮ڣٶȿʼһأ׷Զ롣
׷Ҷʿ¶Եľ㵡
ķڼƷķ롣ַܴͨͨ󣬱仯Ī⣬ҷٶȼ죬ֻн𵤼ʹõǰŶҵн׵ʿôַ
ʿм䣬ʿһۣɻΣֹͣ׷ͷȥ׷ļˡͨʿķɽ׷ӵʿ׷Ҳǰ׷
ʿڼ׷Ҷء
һ൤ŵĺĵ֮һά
άʼ׷Ҷأһ⣬Ҷ뽫Ҷһ£ڻʸߴɺĵǰչ¶һԼľ֡
ܵĻȤһʣҶص˾ұڸʲô飬ǵҴ˾ʧ롣
ҶϷݣ׷ϵʿ׿֮άеصƣǿʤ֮ġΪĵӣǲıʿȥġ
άûϷһ֣ͬһרڷеĸ߽׷ٶȿټӵһϼķķľѪԶʱڱٶȣķٶȲҶز١
Ҷ֮̽ʱѾܵαװݺϢάδϳҶҲ൤ŵӣǰҶصаޣ׷ɱҲ˿ûп


277 
ڶ̶̵СƬ̹ҶؼԦűϿȵη򼲷ɣұʮ֮ԶұΪһССĺڵ㡣
ٶ̫죬ҵĴȺʿͱʹ඼æ׷ɱԻ֮صʿûмʿԸȥ׷
ҶصĽų̶û˿Ļ⣬ȫԦϼɡҶĸоһʿ׷Խ׷Խֻʮɵľ롣ͷһۣɫʱά
ͬ൤ųʿЩͷۡ
άĺ磬Ҷظûκν൤˵ţɼӣǱʳʮʿų൤Ǳѵʿ֮һ൤пܴﵽΪʿ֮һ൤Ӵ൤ʵһ
ΪˣҶزԸά֣ܶԶܶԶ
Ȳ˵Ĺ򲻹һĶָסҪٱʿ׷ĻǿȻά
⣬Ҷػһģ׺ά֡ǾȻαװòάͬ൤ųΪй¶ݡҪǱά൤ŵӣ൤ֻҲû֮ء棬ұҲ޷ɽȥ
ɣҪͷԣƾǺηʿ˴󵨣ұ£
άɲ֪Ҷش˿̵뷨Ѿ׷Цţȡн׻ɫֽһĳŷֽ̻Ϊ޴ĻڵĻҶڵơ
άҶصϷһ֪ΪûͷŷҲóȻڡ÷ֽõֶ̽ΣƾжͬʱҲҶشڱƳ
ٶȿ죬ǲϣɲǼ䣬˱仯̼佫ȥŹһģǼĻɢ޻ˮһһˮڴ޻ϣû𵽶Ч
Ҷĸ⡣ʥ˵˼зз֮ЧܹȵĹ֪һ㣬ûԤϵн׷ҲȻûʲôв
άͬһ̶ȵĹȻû̽κЧаһһʮн׷ֽһĳ͵ĺ˹ȥ
Ҷذһܼӣн׷ֽǮһʱȴһƬƻΪƴСţ봢СϣҶڰһĴһ˫ѩ׵
ʥùϷȻΪ棬ҶػûȫϤõĲ˳֡ԣʿЩǿˡάǵԼϤĹֶβС
ѩ׵˫͵һģҶһϷƿʮ֮⣬άάʮĴн׷ֽȻҲ漴ա
ףôŪֵģ
άŷڰУҶأԽȤŨǰȫ¹ŵʿɵıιмʵ
ҶزȥάϮٶȣ취Ѵ˲Сұķɿһۣʱûʿ׷΢ģͷάһ
άҡһѸ߽׷ȣ²һ޴ķ֣һӵɣϡַðŻ棬ಷɿתšֻһ߽׷ϵٶȡάܹ׷ȻֶΡ
൤ŵˣΪʲôұƴ׷ɱңһµҶسĬһ£ͣڰգСĵĽ䱸ţѹɳƵʡ
άȻΪұҪǴ֮ͥ£ôݵˣάδ棿
άЦҲмֱ£еʵҲɱ㣬һȥұҵ˴㡣ұֻС飬мˣҺͽ⡣㿴Σ
˵ЦˣҵʿֻɱһٴΣҲйǵͷ֮ޡ֪߰˸Ի֮صʿұʲôҶص˵ɫάܵάעάݡ
ŶʲôάҡŻӣĸȤܰұֵļɹԪλܻĿڼĵӳ֣鲻򵥡ȻҪ֪һЩ
ҵصףһˮ̶̶߳һ൤ɫĵ֮һӦ֪ðɣ
ʲôȻ飿ȥȡұѹָ˷顭ϵó̷ߡ
άɫȻһ䣬ĿϬͻƽƿĺҩ֮һ¼ûһʿᶯġ֪ϢҲжȡķͷ
öȫ߽ʿϣôСڸϻȥĻܴһö
Ҷ˵꣬άתɶȥܲΪնάԶ׷ûʮգչҪһԲ
άҶأֻͷ˿ԶұȻЩɣԥҪҪ׷ȥҶأ߻̷ұûлǼ߽ʿϵõ
άܿͻع
ұǱߵʿڶ࣬ʹʧʱɮﻹķݣھȥˣҲûκλ׷ҶأиĿܴҶõĶ˵ҶҲãҶصϣҲһǳļƷ
٣Ļƭһȥûôס°ɡά۾һת˵ʧ̰𣬿ЦԦŷ׷ȥеĻ׳ΪһѳɵľͻȣһĻƣҶ˷ϯȥ
ҶرһŵĻΧɫһάҪˡ
ģޱȵŻƵĹ֣һŹһӴȡһĵͽа棬άع˹ȥڴܹ֮ʱСͿڣԭһͽʿ¡жġ
ȥ
Ҷصͺ
˲ŨŨĹ泤һ࣬ŹɢŻŨѪζάµķֺݺݵ˹аͨʿһմȾϹϵ̻ᱻȵҲױ𻵡
Ҷصõ˹֮ʹãǴ˿ԸάȴٺòάȷԻ֮صʿһаʿ
аޣ
άǸ˹棬Ȼɫһ䣬ŭѿڶۻޱȵаõ˵ľѪǣ޷ƳɹһͽаҲάɫæжܡ


278 VSħӰ
ǿ˵ȴۻѪȵ˹С󣬻ΪһɫĶݹ⣬ֱάȥ
άΣ˦ʣļŷֽöǰըѿһɻ˽ɲǹ򡣽һĴɳһͽ׻ϵɽӭȥŽǹֵʮ֮⡣
һڹâһâڰվǿڻϵɽһƣĹâȴѸٵİȥͽ׷ɽմȾϹۻ֮ܿ콫ɥʧù֮϶Ҫˡ
άգŸսֱǰΪһЩĺʿг˼ССƿ޷̵ġ޷̵ǣʿܹĹĹȴմʿıߡ
еԭҲ򵥣Ҷصķٶһ㣬ڰڵĽΧŲսĻռ˼ơάٿػȷ׺ݵĻ湥ҶظɵܿδЧ
άͻȻʲôŭ¶һ䳰Ȼͬ׵ʿδκε㡣ϧƫƫˡҪֻôһ㱾µĻҿ㻹ֱͶˣѿջ˻ȷУ˵
Ŷ𣿲֪ʲôֶΣңҶؼά˹ƣһ߼Զȥһ߾עάľٶάֶ˽ʵǲ࣬޷жάʲôֶνй
ߣ֪Ҿʶʶȵ
άɿ׷ȥһٶȽȷϰաһΣȳƣֱӴһĹڷע뷨
Ǵʮɣάɵķ
άɫǺ죬ٴһǼȷ顱ɢ˿ΪǧƬĻһëɫѩתۼ串ɷΧ
ÿһƬСӵ൱һͽ֮һȻҪ΢һЩǵȵ½ȴǧƬֱγһΧĹ
Ҷضʱɫ׹άҪʲô
ȻӵһƿһǳԵ㣬Ǿƿľ̫̣һνֻʮɷΧֵĹֱӸʮɷΧƿûκЧ
άȻ㣬˿ֶΡ
ȥ
ά˫ָңңһָһȣǧƬȼյĻͬӿĻһ㣬ҶغХϯȥգۼ佫ҶصӰȫû
һ˲䣬Ҷֻüһ飬Ǿ̸Լӳһ֡ƬĻһɷΧӳΧ
ಡಡಣ
ҶӲһΧܼ𹥻֮ͷһжʱһʹǶԳһɵϣѩ׵ѾʮսƶÿһȭͷСǱġ
ıѾҪĹǼܶѣҶڹעķڴĴЩƶй¶ȥҶ˫Ѿ޷ʩչƿûƿͨĵͽûκǷˡ
Ҷдʹ
ոյִԵǣܡɡϺڡһǰϿðյģ֮湦ȹҲ֪վֻһܵͼΪԽԽߣһɲóǽ⵽𻵣ȴзǳܡ
һҲάǰûҵҪôҽĹάЦ
ͬʧȥЧõģάǰѻȡһעըֻܹһΣеĻʧȥڵءάͬʱٿǧǧҪװһȣǳʱʱɲóˡ
άⷬΪڰһ͵ȵҶأŭ֮
ڶ൤ͬŵķϣҶشĵ׾ͲԸάһһĶҶҪǾ뿪ұǸάսάȴͱˣ׷ᣬƵɱġ
ͷһҶתۼѾָ侲¼ԦϷɶݣͬʱһͭӿУ׼
ʱҶͷͻȻһңԶұ˹ȥ
ֻһŮӵӰԦһͱǽڳǶ֮ɶٶȼ죬գ۹ѾǺܽˡ

ҶĬһ䣬ûκα飬ͷĿ⿴ά
ʸɵս֮ͣɫӵҶءҶѾαװòαװûЧġѪĻӡ׵ȺҳҶصڡ
δҶƺԽĵ͵ĬâȻѪĻӡµģȴ˿ĸı䣬Ԫϵӡ
ԪʦﴫӦúܿҪˣҪ֣졣
ʸûʱȥ飬촽˵һǳҪ顣
棡
Ҷʯһᶨ־ҲɲǼļºͶҡһأûκλߡʣµʱ䲻ˣҪ֣뾡졣
άȻҲʸִЦŶͻɡʦ㲻س֣ν˵¡
άѹûʸղǾ仰Ƕ˵ġ
ҶóһСӵͽ׷ЦҪһ۾ȴͻȻͭƺͨӷЩ
ӣⲻǹʦܵķ𣿡ԣʦܵˣҲʧӦǱɵӵȥˡ㾿Ǹɵеĺˣô
άʶĹ㣬͸ɵĵӶЩ飬ȻƳӵͲ֮ɫ¶һ˿ɵͲɡȻҲǵͽ׷ȴǱааţͷʹǽ෨ֱӹƵзʿж
ѾҶصݣԻ֮ء
ά֪ӵ֮˿䴢ĳһܣΪһɴСĻƣǰֵӿܷĹӵǴйֻҪס棬ŻᾡܵĵסӰ졣
Ա֮ߣҪҶأ⿿ǲеġ
󷨣
άһͺһѶʱĹεϿʼһ⣬齥ɺ죬һһɵĻƤð
һлΪҽ¶һڼס
άͷХѾʮɳ֮Уʵн׵۷״̬ǻϵһءִһҲн
󷨡ǻϵʿǱܣʱȫ汩ʵĴ󷨣ʩչ֮ƣһʱ䡣ά󷨵ĳڵ㾳磬ܹǽһʵڵʵԿһ߽ʿҲ·硣Ҫ󷨣һٽҶ¡
Ҷάʩչ󷨵ʱĿ͵һüͷܿ죬ŵ֮ڣʩչ󷨡
άʩɣҶҲѾʩչħӰ󷨡һΪһģһȫµҶأһӷϷ


279 
ʩ֮ҶؿһħӰͬʱɵˣάʮ֮ٵƶŻѰŹĻᡣ
άͣԭأһ˫ֲ֣ٿʮµȡҶءһۣһʮֲм
ʸʾм
൤ǰʮĶ״󷨣ʺϻʿڶʱڼ籩ΪʵͷٿάǵʿﵽʵЧ
ҶصħӰȻҲǳԹϵϼ壬վֻû෨һӰûκιȻҲûܸҶκʵ
ССĻ÷ѣܸҵȣ
ά˵꣬ʶɨҶءͼϳһģһǻӰܿ췢֣Ҷءûκ𡣶һΪһϢٿһķһ˿Цⶼһģһ
ʲô÷
άһüͷͷŵĻƣֵֻܵסһĹ
ֵһҶأһҶء
סҶػãҪǸһٵҶضԿϣȴҶشӱ͵ϮǺ롣ħӰĴڣصӰάжϡ
άһɽ꣬вٿصʮͬʱҶ˹ȥֻҪУӰ϶ᱻƵܹסһ϶ֱܹǸҶء
ҶͬľЩ򼸺н׷ȴάʩչһͬʱʮҪǱҲܲˡ
ǣҶظûȥЩٿħӰٷУܿͬ׷ϴ󣬷ٶȴ죬Ҫ׷ҶغħӰסҪάǷʿ÷мɵƵħӰʤҵǣάǻɡ
䡢䡢䣡ʮδܻҶغħӰڵϣըһɵĴӣʯͷڻĺ콬ðһɹɺɫŨ̡
άںգһһķĴ󷨵İ֮£ͷЩ򣬱ͷͨСɡֻҪһܹҶر㹻ˡ
ʸսԱ߹սûԹ۵˼ʮǽѾͷųһ͵İ뻡ΧסսʱԳ֡ڵȴֵʱ
ȻսϵҶغάȴûйһ㡣˵Ƕ֪ʸܻ֣ǲδ⡣
ҶءٶԽԽ죬άתѾά㹻Ĵ
άЩŭ
κβҶأǱƵóѹᷨ
Ҳ㣬ǾάԪһӢȥɡ
һţһɵĽС󣬳ڵĻеһҶءԪٶ֮죬ǻɱȣҪܿѡ
ȻǸҶءδܿһӢֱӴ͸͸˿һ㡣δʧǰ࣬ȻǼٵġ
άŭĻţȫһȴһеĿϵĸо³һѪ
Լһ޴Ĵ󣬰һһӰ󣬻ʹĴۡѾܹĸоһҶأĶı󣬷׺һ
ʦ㣬һ֮ס
άһݻȥסԱĺȫٿһӢعһ澪ֵʸ֧Ԯ˲Լĸ߰
ԮȴûеõκλӦ
άɳʸȥ
ֻʸѾͷųʮΧסսЩɽɢž˵ĺѾȫһ׼ǲ֪Ϊʲôȴͣԭأֵڵȴʲô
άһˣŪʸʲô˼Ѿ˼ΣյıԵΪʲô֣Ƕ൤ŵͬŵӣѵʸȣ
Ϊʲôʸٳٲ֡
ˣһͳ졣
άɫȻˣһڱ겨һɲǼ䣬άѣڰ֮УɥʧκζܵнʿʵѣʱȻĶݣȴˡ
ʸڳˡ
һʮǷɽͬʱ˷άȥһƬĹâͣ͡͡άĻסܸסһ˲ά³ʮǽı
ѣȥάѹŵԼ壬ŵʸȫˡ벻ͨΪʲôԼǻǸʿУǺ׵ɥͬ൤źĵӵĻʸС
˵Ҳάù
ĵص׶Ѩ㣬ҶغͻʸӺͱǽϣŻѣɱնɱ˲֪ޣַޱȡ
άȻ֮ţҲܲסҶغͻʸ˵ơҶغͻʸΧסһ̣עֻžȻһ㡣
һļϸһӲӵԪάƴɴڣҪߡάģˣԪûֻҪӻϼȥлһ졣
ҶĿһһţһӨӨ𽣷ɳһȺѻάţ̼䣬άԪһΪҽ
ʧȥƵһӢԼά׷ڵϡ
ҶһУȡάµĴ
άˣǷӰ죿
ҶسʸʵɱάδӰ쵽顣άٸеЩϧ൤һߵţһǳϣ𵤵ʿɽǱʸ߾ܻĳáɵĽʿʵеȣƫ϶ѡ
ʸʱҲ˱ǽ˫Ҷء
ǰҶأѾǰҶˡĲΪԪϡķһж˵ʵĳĿ죬Щİ
һҡͷЦ޷άʦɥڴ˵أϼֻҽ񣬿»Ӱ쵽ˣǣҡʿͨԼΪأһӣԴӰ첻󡣶ˣ㲻ڱ𡭡ôұ
˵˵ذһǳҪ顣¹ϵͻơҶЦ
ֻü˵һ仰ɫ㶸Ȼһ䣬Ȼұȥ˵֮䣬ԶϰﴦͻȻһСƬҫޱȵɫһǿޱȵʶѹұɨǹ޿ƥеѹ֮˸Ҷ
ˣ
ã
ұǱߣľͺʿǹȻǾ񣬼ӽԻ֮صʿȴȻɫȫɥʧ˶־ֻƴߡ
ʶɨֻ֮ƬɫѾұϿգȻ޼᲻ݵĹ

ۣ
ڸʿսе纣Уҽһѡһ֮صʿһԣûܷӦɨըΪΪһѪ
һһգ۹򣬻ұһ翹ڻ֮صʿˡ
Ҷﻹκγɺͣ١
ವһ·ıӶȥ
ղܵʱ򣬱һֱűӵķݣάһ·ϾͼԦϷɶݵԶĵطȥٴշɶߣֻǱӵףļĴ١


280 
ҶطӣӶߣԱⱻټˮ㾪ȻԼһӵ̫æάǼ淨ħӰڰϡ
Ǳ淨ûʲô޷ݣҪУܷܿаϵϢ
ֻҪסϢôһֻҪټܹʶ
Ҷ뵽Ϊա
ҪȥǱǾûұϿգ밶Ҳʮգ۹ܵӵϿգóȻȥûʲô

ˣ
ͣԭصĻʸͬһҶشæ֮ˮݶȥ˼εСӦ죬̼ıǷɽҶػԭصһħӰ˹ȥħӰûҶصĿƣԭزֱӱǽ𡱡
ת˲ĹұϿգٳҶغά֮
Ŀ˻ʸһۣһһƬҵսԼϻ˼ķղŴ˵ػжأȥ
ʸɫ糣˵ֶŮݼʦ塣ղŶˣһάʦܣһзʿάʦ׷ɱǺʿ;УǺʿˣԼսһֻɱάĺʿδܾάʦܡҪ൤ţʦ¡⼸ķһӢ𽣡ȡ棬ֶŮҲҪûȥʦ彻ߴֶԵ֮£ѾԪʦ֣Լλʦֵܴ׵һֻҪƻ±ɡ
ţ
ޱ顣
һϧԼάôһĴӣȥһ֪ʿսǻʸƺҲûκ˵ѵɣϾ൤ϼҵĵӣʧҲ൤ŵʵάϼҾĺĵӣϼʢŭ֮¿϶Ҫ׷¡ҲֹʸЩƷȥ
ʸȡԭص漴Ƕȥ൤ŵļʿ뿪ұ൤ȥˡ
ɵҲ½뿪
ұһ£ǲұ⳶ϲ岻ĸϵ
ʸ뿪ұŰһ⼸ҶʩķϢʱ뵽һڣû⼸һ޴
ȻҲûд⼸ԭĽϼң淨ٵάµļȥϼңҲиˡ

ʸߺ
ӴʶɨսΧʮﷶΧδκʿϢټұұűչҵƶѾʹĸо
ڣұʿһаѾסһˣɱˣ˶ˡһȺʿԻ֮صĿа֮ͽߵĶ˶Ųʿһʹ˫ֵԪһõǰԪ׷ȥһܲǵ׼ȷԪԥһ£⣬ˡ
Ԫں棬ѽʵߵˣԪ貢δҶڡΪʸ뿪ʱ򣬳Ѿ׷ʿɱˡ
һδʯѨź̶һѲľҽɫ׺ѪɫѾŭ޷ƵĵزȻһǧˣ
׷ȥߵĶҳҪǵԪƣ
ѵɭޱȡ
Ԫ躧ȻΪʲôŭ̶ȡƣǽԪһƹϺ濾Ԫ񲻻Ǳʹǧ򱶣ֱԪľΪֹ˷ָĳ̶ȣ֮ûмܿס˵ĥ
ҶԣҴ˳Ǳסʿȥˡ
סʿסҵĿ̣ڰͬﶼ˳ԭһȺ˶Ի֮صʿߵĶʿֱǽʷԼʿ塣֮صʿţҲһһ
ҵǣҶڻ֮õǻԳءסʿҲ֪ҶصʵϺ

ұһۣڼ̵ʱɽ硣߰Ի֮صļϸǱұŻ֮ұңʿǱļϸˣ˲ء鷢ұ˲𾪡
𾪵ǣȻ˶ˡ
ȺʿΪð˷Ǳұ֪ұҲ֪еԵɡ֪ϸʿżȵĳĬ
ֻܹΪΪ˴̽鱨Ϊ·ĵ죬ߴɵһĵұҪ¡
Ϊ͸ĵзϸ˿ʼӴȣΧ顣

ҶڱӵΣϢǱС£ܿұʿһһֵѲ顣Ҷ޷ȷǷѾ׷鵽ݡðճȥʱʧһʱ䡣
άĴõƷ࣬൤ŵĶؼ֮һ󷨡Ǹؼ⻹л൤ע⡷ϼҶŵĸ߽Լн׵ķһЩʯ
Ϸƽ˾֮Ҷ뿪ӣϼٷݳǡ
ݳǵãԼϺڡˣεʿҪʱ̽ұ֮۵ϸ鱨Ҫ֮С
ϵǶ෽֮̽ұӳ˶֮ʿֱʷ塣вҶαװġʿȻҶرѾɱĵ֮Сұȫ׷ɱʷ壬ɽ纱ľ޶ͣʮƷʯҪȡ˵Ԫ
ҶصõϢڰġʵݲδ¶ҪǱ¶Ļ϶Ҳᱻ׷ɱ֮УǾܷŹġ
Ȼûн׷ɱζܹ൤ŵӵݣǡ

ҶݳǴ˶֮ȷⳡ粨Ѿȥŷǡ
Ѿұǽ֦ϸϡҪΪһҪһεʱ䡣ҶزżڻĲΪͻƽƿԶʱòϡ
ͻƽƿ׼ȴѾʼ
Ҫˮʯ
ƽ𵤣ҪķʮϡҩģȻҲϡվм֮ǿؽ򵽡൤Ҳв١ѰҵѾˣʣµҩĲǴ⡣ҪֳЩҪʯ
ҶڷǣΪ˵õʯ
ɽ֮սԽԽңԭº֮صʿϱƽǡұۣ֮ȻҲ
ⳡս¼ҶûʲôĹϵΪ൤Ŷ֮һսɵİšǱȥΧһĹѲߡ
Ҷط֮һ۵СլԺס£ȫһǱһ鵤ȡʯ׼ƽ𵤡鵤ʯ㲻


281 ҩ
ķУһר鵤ھŲڵϰ̯̯ϰڷŵƷ٣ֻƿʿʹõн鵤
ǰѯʼǮʿﲻ
Ԫôһںʿ̯ߣʵ
һʮƷʯʣ߰ˣ㿴Űɡ߰۾ϥţ˵
ɶô󣬱ǰ췭һˡģǺĳں˿ԼĴӣ滹ʣ¿Ͱ͵ϰٿƷʯԥһ£ʮƷʯȡһԪֵˡ
ʿʼۣҲһģ
սձɽ磬ʿӿǱѡսң˭뾡ǿʵԱ鵤ǿΪʵõƷҪ鵤͵Ǯ
ۼʿԽ࣬鵤Խڷϵ鵤ȱ鵤ļ۸񼸺ÿ¾һΣʮƷʯڵʮ飬һǡ
ϣн鵤˲࣬߸鵤ȥ
ҶشǺںߺǻߵ̯ǰûе߿ڣֱЦ˵Ҳ鵤뽫һСƿ鵤㣬Ǯɡ˵꣬һСƿ˹ȥ
˫ۣǾµĵƿһֿۣһҶصŴ磬Ŀһ൤ŵǰʿ
߷ɿĽ˹ȥ򿪵ƿζһ£ʮ֮࣬¶ϲ֮ɫǳĻԪûκ覴áǰԸߵļ۸ǹ֪ǰû鵤ֻٷ֮ķã֤üǮ
ûȫˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ʿԽԽ࣬ңʮַ鵤ȡʯ˭Ҳȥעôһͨʿټ൤ӵݣҲû˻ǡ
ҶΪһ൤ӣǡ൱ʦڷϹЩҩƳн鵤ȻȥȡһЩʯ൤ŵʿǮ
Ǿû˻ȥעҶأҶȴɱ㹻ߵĽÿγн鵤ᳬһСƿҶûݱС̷صƷʯһõһ򴢴
ִ׳鵤ڻʯ±˲֪鵤̫ľٶǾɵġ
Ҷؼһ㣬ڵȲȥʮܹͻƽΪֵ̰ͼϷ´κοɵĵطҪ⡣
Ҷ˵û鵤ˣʮְաǺˬÿʮ˿ƷʯļǮչҶصһСƿ鵤һʽף͹ˡ
һǧŰٶʮƷʯ
ҶǮĵͷûм뿪ͻ̸㾭ڷܲܰһСæ
ǰ뽲
ҪһЩҩĵӡֻҪҵģҶ߼Կ
ûκԥȻڴӦǮⲻӶࡣڵ̷ٶϤӲ¡

ҶĬĬŵŸ׼
ػԼΪΪһʵĸ
ʱķɿ죬һһʱȥˡҶ̶̵һʱΪٴνһ㣬ﵽΪֻҪٹһ꣬ܳΪ߽ʿ
ڵܴﵽ˿ٶȣǷ̫ƽµʱ򣬿϶Ǽ൤ŵĴ£ɸ߲㾪ϲ񡣵һжɽŵս֮£ڸ˹ȥ
˵ˣҶظûʲô൤šϵȸ߲ʿżɳȥִ񣬴󲿷ֶǸɣ໥䶼ϤʿȥѲߡȻû˭ȥעҶصΪж졣
ΣǴҩĵӡ
Ҷʱ˼ӽճɫĳԽʯ֮⣬һǳҪ飬Ǿȫռҩĺǵӡ
黨ݡľһ׵ĵͼҩģ߻׵ϡҩģֻҪҩģռҩģǵӣŪ֣Եϸϡ
һֲõԤС
ɽս½ţ˭ҲԤպᷢʲô£ɽ类ݻٶпܡ
ҪڲǴպҪʱԼҲδؾҵõϾ󲿷鵤䷽ɺüʮζϰζҩɣȱһζСҵʱ򣬾һЩͨҩģѰҡڽЩҩĶϸպԼҪ鵤ֻҪϸѰұˡ
á𵤡鵤˵ҪһζΪϡٺİ˽֮⣬Ҫʮζ塢׵ϡҩΪҩƳȱҩҲͬ
ΪԭҶؽҩӣΪ֮Ҫ顣׼սʹõķء
Ϊ˴ҩģҶظս»̫ŵʱ򣬻һ൤šϾ൤ŵҩھɽ磬ǧ֮ڣ󲿷ϡŹ֡ƫŵҩС
൤ɽţȪɽǶԺ¡ɻӣԺĸɸɾһȾԪöˣһֱտլԺҩ԰ӣǼҶػ⾪ϲҶ֧ĿʸҶعĿ
ҶԼһ൤ŵнٺһĿȻʧЦȻ࣬ҲʮƷʯͽ׷ˡ
ʮƷʯ£ȻٿƷʯԪȥ൤ŷϣɹҩӡ
ͨҩģ۸䰺󣬱ϾҪʮꡢϰֳǵ࣬Ҳ֣Ҳû˻ȥ⡣
ֻҪܹŪֵҩӣҶضԸԪȥռһݡ൤ŴҩҩӣҲҶصõ١ֻµҩġ
൤ߡ˽ϵҩļϡ٣λ˽ҩǿ󷨱Ҳ޷Ӵ
ҶؿãѰ˼˺üӣϧ޷ֻ֣ܷ
һŬҶձǺ൤ţ˵ȫӶŪֻ֣Ҫܹҵͨҩģǵӣų϶Ѿϸڴһݡ
һЩͨ鵤˵ٹȵȵȣҶ˿÷ԼҲҩġ
ʱҶüѨڣ޾յϸԲһĻɫʯϣŸֿҩ黨ݡһ翵ɾƮããĻ
޾գûˣҪǱʿֻҪ澰𺳵˵һ仰
Ϊͬ黨ݣҪͬĻܴˮϵ黨ˮ֮ز棬ϵֻڻʢĵطǸ޷ͬһ´ڡ
ϸϣȴúúõġҶֻҪϵʯȥǿ

Ҷؽŵ׼֮УɽսڿʼӵǸ
ԭºʮɣ֮صɵʿѾǷǳڣͱڻսʣ׼ǡ
ߡѾзʿƵſڣ˵ʿҲٳĬ
ɽĸɣͬǴͱԭºʿжš
ʱڣߴɵĽʿ˶λټɢ˵λʿԼСʿڽʿﵽʮʿǸߴ߰˰֮ڣʿʮ򣬾ۼɽһʵ
ɽǶڻı޷ԭº֮ɽϱȡ
ԭʮ𵤼ʿºɽʮʿ֮λ𵤼Ľǽ𵤼ʿڽʿ֮ࡣɽʿҲԶǵʿ
ϹԪӤʿµĻǴǿޱȣֻɽʿʹɱˡ


282 ׷
һգһҡҡλεĽâ߷ڿǵʱ׹䡣ɳ̽ӣƴɱΧǴһ˵Ϣ
оʿٱս
Ϣ̵ʱڴǳأɲǼ䣬ƽǱͶһžʯʱҡڵײͨʿæҴڣ֪ӦԡЩʿҲãȻδɽս£һ̸δ

ڡ
һרų۷ĸ¥챦ڣƽʱֵطǳ֣дʿǰˣѾ塣¥СĵĿڹ̨˯
ԭҲ򵥣սԽԽţȺʿӿڣϧʷõϵʡڵķǵͽ׻Ǹ߽ףһ⡣ֻʣİϷǮƫƫֹף챦Ȼʽ
̵ҲࡣɽĹҶзʿռ죬õԭϼȱҪķҲܡ
Ҷؽ챦ȴ̱챦¥ҡ
ҵĴȡʮδĳ׷ҶءЩȫ£Ҷн׷׵ķڳڵķϣ߳۷̸󣬸û
Ҷزȡˡǰһѡ澣˪˿ϣί챦˿ʻ׷жͷ
һ滤סһױ˪ףÿװһ˫һ˫סһ˫˿ѥһ˫ȡһؼס⣬жͷһһ˪¹Ŀ
һ¸ɬ촽ϸҶ˵ţȴƽ
ݳޣ
ֱ̫ݳ˷ˣҪЩԭƳ߰˼ؼףǶð㹻߰ʿʹˡ
һʿռ㹻Ĳϣһ׷ͲˡλүãȻ󡢻ȡѥӡףҪɷȫ¸˼¡
һ׵˿ʻ׷ҲֵһƷʯϷȱǮ˵Ҳ÷ڷǮҲԹ򵽡
ͨʿŵӿ˿һԭϣһ
ǰλʿ൤ŵӣܹһóһʷǳԭϣҪ൤ŵĺĵӣ൤ĳλҪСøɫʦµʱ䣬ķ
ҶĽǶ£ʣĴý塣
ɽ֮УһΪ֣һ˿ԭƶɵףһǿԭƶɵӲס˿׵ķӲһЩ㡣Ӳ׵ķǿǳޱȣӰƶŲٶȡ
ҶضٶȷǳأϸֳһѾԭϣ챦˿ס
ҪʿսսϾܵӻĻᣬ׵Ļ׷һҪϵġΪӦԲֱͬ׼滤׺ͱ˪滤׿Եֿϵ˪׿Եֿϵ˪ס֮⣬лϵ˺ͱϵ˺
ʸǷҪЧͣʦڴ඼أʲô޲ܹнӡ
ҶصһʷãüЦ
Ҷ׷Ҫ뿪챦仰ͻȻһĴмٻƷһ£ʵʲô͵ķ޲
ǵȻ챦ӵɫһʦ
ؿڣҫ챦ʵ
Ҷ̽Ǹѩ׵ȡϣĿ
ϸ˿ϵʮƶͷ֮ҡҡͷĺҿ԰ƶϣ޺֮Чûǻȵ½ܴﵽԭ֮һͲˣԾ޺Ҳûʲôô޹Ƴɵֻܲƶ޷ʯƳɵˣҲɿ޲
ˡ
Ҷһ£ҡͷ˵Ͳֻƿʮɵľ룬޺֮Чûȵ½еٶȻô
һܣɫԭƳɵġ֪֪֪ԭϣܲķܣҶʵδó̫ˡ
ɫԭƳɵĿܣֻ׽Ӳɫ޷Ƴɷɻ󣬡ܷҼʶһܣܹϳ
ȻҲ֪ʲôϣǾˡ
ҶҡͷҪ뿪Ҳʣ֪֪ûʶһǾ߿ܡǾܣ֪ԽԽá
ȵȣԵƬ̣ҿ伮ûصļأ
æ˵ͳһĵ伮ɿķ
Ҷصʱ
ڵ伮ײ㣬ɫԭ˳۽ȴڲĳ鴤
ɫƷģֻһֲϡаһĹ󣬴˵еƷԭϣ˵ֻж׵ļŲֻҪһСһڼƷƷɽ
ʲôƷ
ҶͻȻ档Ǵʥģǳ֪һ𵤼ʵĿ⣬ȴһ֪
ǡ꣬伮¼˾󲿷ֿԭϡƷζһзûЧֻͨ͵Ĺ˺
Ҷ˼΢΢ͷȻһķѹزȥ¾⵽ػϵ
ûа취޸Ƶķ
˵ЦֻԪӤʿа취Ū֣ûеõһСбⶫ
Ҷصɫȫˣ¶һ˿η
棬²ҶؾλӵʱҶͷҲص뿪챦󣬼Ȼֻ֪ѣûѾûҪˡ

Ҷش챦߳ʱ̽ӴصзϮϢֻһƬңʿĻ̻̣ʿڷɿıսݵ㣬׼ս
ҶؼڻҾ棬ʱһ֪Σ̴ϸոȡֵһ滤ףȻ洩ͨ൤ӵ·Ҳ洩һ׵ķǿ˿׷
ȻҶؼæһ¥󼲱ȥ൤ǵʱפأѾۼʮ൤ŵʿ档һսȻǺ൤ŵͬһжΪȫһڣǾ൤ŵƽ
СƬ̹Ҷر㵽൤ŵʱפأ˸¥൤ǶԼķ˷ܣǣ̸ţҶصĵǵ˼ȫڼٵɽս档
ȻҶͬţƽʱҪôչǱҪôҶظмһ󲿷˶δ棬ȻҲʶ¥ڵһ˵Ľ䣬Ĭ£Լϵķ
ǽս״̬ҶЩãҡ֪ͬһսνУսδȫߴɵĽǾ


283 ʸ
ǡҶʦ֣
һһĵͽʿ൤Ӿۼĸ¥תһȦĴڨϧǣͻȻ۾һ첽ҶĽ䡣
򱦣
Ҷسʿȥһ£ϳǰòĴʿ˭ˡǰʹͬ൤ųΪʦֵܡǰֺʹһμһһСӳ൤ڣҶ֡񡱽ʿ˵Ǿ޽С
Ҷʦ֣㰡һΪϴˡ򱦶ʱϲæҶ¡
ˣ
ǰҶʦָ֣һһֱûãص֮չǱޡֱǰھŲ۷壬ŷû뵽Ȼһ¾ͳˡҸոɹͱ׼սڴ˵Ҷʦ֣ʦҵҡ
˵򱦴һҶأҶʦ֣ôżûôѾнʿˣҸղŶ㲻ϡ
ҶؿЦ⼸ľôܸ˵⣬򱦣ҼǵԵҲֵһһ𷵻൤űչڵôˣ
ҡͷ̾ϵЩùһǰͷʧܣûͻƿŲμڵСȣûа취ٵõһս½ţɳ鲻СȣһСѾʱֹͣˡϵܴλᣬٵлٴεõڻ൤ڡպûлҲԤϰùǣʿܱܿڻսܻܲ֮󻹺˵
ҶڵõʿжҲɻͽ׵ʿս
ҡͷ˵׼ɱ۵ʱһȺʿȥҲáҶʦ֣ע⵽һûУЩӲûǡʦǴӣôܵһս밡šϴϣ൤ӳսӭУǻǵĵóǰ棿ҲЩɢ޳൤ʿȱǡƵЩɢ⣬Żһļӳ֣ЩС⣬ſɴ󡣡
ŶĶ൤ڵɢ𣿡ҶΪȣ˼ڼɽսϣ¥֮ûϸڡ
¥൤ʿϸȥܿͷ֣ڳʿ󲿷ֵȷɢ޳Ϊɢ޳ԵһȱǮ˭ЯʲôõķƷΪչҲ죬ԽΪױϡ
ҶҡͷЦ
жְЩܣĵӴɢ޵λҪһأսҲһ
Ρɢ޵ҪվŸͱ㹻Ĺ͡սĹ͡
˵š
ͻȻ¥ͻȻ֮䰲ڵ۵൤ǶͣסǿϢڿȻ¥׿ڴҶغ򱦶˲״̱ͣ˹ȥ
ֻһɫۣԼѮĽʿ¥󡣴˺ڷ룬޳üĿżϺ͡һ֣¥൤Ӷʱѻȸһʱδϳ˭
ӲУ΢벽ģһȥֻʮòٸ¶Цݣ֮ɹԡ൤ǿһۣ൤Ƕʱͷ̧ͷ࿴
¥ȴǻʸɴűɴʹͷ֮󣬲šϴϵʮλƹ൤൤߲㡣Ȩأʱȴûκ֮ɫڶĺ棬ûҶһڡ
ӹӭʸʦ壬ʦ壡ʸʦ㡢ʦ֡ʦ֡
ǿòٸʱھѹ˭ˡǶʱڰԭأϢӭӶλ൤ĵ
൤֮һĻʸ൤ΪʵǿλߵĽ棬Ҳ൤ߡ൤ɽڱչؾޣ൤ڵͨʿҲۼ
ǳʦȴɽ߶൤Ӵ඼óʦ岢С벽ģ˻ʸûбˡ
൤Ӱӭ档
ʸ˵ͷδ˵ʲôֱ൤Ӹǰ߹ߵһʱĿͻȻżȻ¥൤ƳһۣȻͷʸ˵һ仰
ʸԻʸʻĬ˼һ£ŵĻһ䡣ʸ΢üͷܲ⣬һͷһ൤ӣֶȥ
Ҳ൤мһۣ۵ѹֲסľ죬ָ֮ɫ
ҶضȻоһâ佩ӲһƬհס
ʸ¥㡣
Ȼʸ桢ʦ¥ȥ֮൤Ÿ໥һۣѾ䤱ĵѹֲסľղŻʸʶͻȻɨǣ˸Ҷѹ֮£ڳ൤˭ҲûʸղŸʸ˵ʲôǹͻĴ̹Ǻ⣬ȴԲˡ
Ҷָ֪ɫƽڽ££ڴϵȴ΢΢ղŷʸʶͣһɲǣһ˵ζŭ⡢ӣ
Ҷڸ¥һǣûһߴߴĻŸղһɲ顣
ŵĴӺ͵λµɢǼģʸɱ⣬Ψһԭֻͱ֮Ĺϵ
ʸӦϳˣλ൤ŵһˣϵǰҲסʸҪֻǾ֮顣
ҶΨһȷϵ飬ʸȻɱ⣬ȴûĶҪɱ˼
ҶЩ⣬ղű˵ʲôûʸŭȴûκж
ֵĻǳʦ塣ҶؿɲΪλ൤ȨƼߵĳʦԴº֪ƺһԴ²Ųʵ̬ȡ

ʸλ൤ڴʱִǣԭġ
ֻ൤ŵ棬ߴɵĹššŵɵĽ棬Ѿһִǣڿս֮ǰڡȻǵõսϢӦø硣
λִ֮󣬱ڳڵԵӭ֮¡ǾʲôԲߣһʿԴ˺֪Ψһֵÿ϶ǣԵԵڵʮʿܿ춼ƽЩɽĹǣٻҳһˣսչľвسǵʿʿѾλȴߴ
ǵԶһźѹѹӴڻıƽʱﷶΧСűִܵǵϿա
Ǵ˵еϹŻǴڿ
䣡
һƬΰ׳۵ɫĻĳͷ𣬼һһѤҫ۵Ĺ⻪γһ͵ĻԲ֣̲ϵǽס


284 ײ
ԵڵϹŻǴ˭Ҳʲôʱġǿ𺳻Ǵһֱڷá
ǴƽʱǴһÿʱÿ̶Ӵʯάɢ˵Ĳޣ֧Ų
⣬ٻаڵʿֱǵǽĽǣһͬ󷨣ܽϹŴȫ濪ҷӳķЧ
Ҳֻɽսʱ򣬸֣⻤ǴŻῪĹĻǳȫ
ʮʿڳУ߳ͷȴŵзʿĵ
ǵʿʿɵĽǶڳͷ̸Цڴӻ̻̲аͻȻ׹лǴ˶ĽʿǲôùġǶţǻʲô
Ҷء򱦵ʮ൤ŵӣĳͷţĬĬĵȴһ̳ȥ͵зʿɱ
˰ʱңԶʷһƬѹѹʿɵţִʮϿͣ¡ϸһȴܷԷΪȺʿ
ȺܴԭºʿȺ
һȺЩСǻ֮صʿ
ɽıʿʮλʿǧ࣬ʿӴʿЩʿǽʿԦеɵǸִ֮µ档
ʿϱʵʿҡ
ǵĳͷϣߴɹŵ桢ŵ桢൤ŵĻʸ桢ŵκ桭ȵȣһɷǣƮȻųУƺδ̫еڶࡣ
ʦδҼʱëͷСӣû뵽ѾһˣΪٰ
ȵз߽ˣ۾ԶʿȺ˵
ΪߴʵһĹţλһĽ棬˿̴ɽԭºʿԻ
ɫãƢȱı꣬ϲŭѳ緢ķҲȫˡ
ݷ䴫ԣΪǰұ⵽ϸ֣ʧĳҪ鱦֮ˡھʲôҪ鱦֮Ҳû֪еĵϸܰĲҲǷ
ѿյüʦǿοǰЩʱ˵󱤶һɵ׷һ£ǻ֮صļ󵨵Ϊֻ䲻ҵǣһСǲ£Ѽ°
ԭڣͷһֳֽɫȵʦЦе˵еʦһ˫С۾ż¶һƾֱӡľݣòۡ²һͷĺڽǷȴʵǺˡͰۼ׵ɣ߰˽׵ߣֻۻ֮ҲԶˡ
ͷûģʹĵطڣѸɫϡ
ǽᣬɵġл˵ˣԭºɽ磬ѾƻǧǰµսԼɽսƻսԼ²ܵġѵ㲻⵽նԼǰʿĳͷ߻ü
Ͼһ죬ƢӲǷȥʡ
սԼǧ֮ǰ飬÷ֹˡ
ʦĬһ£նսԼǰȥ˶ΪһЩС׻ص½˵صķȻҵЩʿнͲ鷳λǰʿˡ
ڵʮʿȺԭºʿȺ˿̶һţޱȡܹѡʦȽΪǰģԪӤʿڵͽʿ˵ĸ߽ʿֱǿɼĴڣܹ֪ǵһƬﶼǷǳѵõ顣
ʦĻ֮ɫԽ
ս޿ɱ⣬ֻǾһŬȰ˵ѡȻԭ硢ºִҪ翪սǾʹɣʿҲӣ˭ʤ˭ܻ˵ء
泯桢ʸһۡ
ǵ˶΢΢ͷʾͬ⿪
ȻˣǾͿսɣ
ʦҲٷϻ
⡣
ԭʿķȺڣʿһʿԼǧʿʮĸϣһ޴Բ󷨣ʼһʩ
ڳͷϹսʿ󲿷˶ͷˮЩʿڸʲô
Ǽ󷨡ооʿȴʱȻɫʧȺ䷨
ɽķͨΪͽ׷н׷߽׷ЩǵһʿʩչʿķͷĹǿޱȵĻǴûκЧġ
Ⱥ䷨һȺʿֽʩչ
ַǳǿ󣬵һ㣬Ǿʩչ̫ǳȷʩչѾ֮ܳȥˡ
ɽʿǷƽҲʮʿСС֣òִģķֻڴģĹսУܹżʶַʿȻ١
ҲֳֻȺ䷨ܺĶǵĻǴ
ԭһȺǧʿСʱŽȺ䷨ʩչ
һһִʮɵĻɫ̣ŶĿҫ۵ĻɫâԲ󷨵Ͽաһ̣بգѹǧʿ
ڵʿǼ״޲ֺȻ֮ɫ
̣һϵ
ʿʩչҲһɶ೤ȴ˾޴ֹǿ˳ǧ򱶣ȻǽʿҲȥӲ̡
ǵǴĹֿܲܿס̵ͻ
û˳ȥֹԭʿʩ
зʿ̫ˣֻʮ֮һʿڳʩչȺ䷨ʿڹսҪǳڵʿɱȥԭºʿֻǰͲá
ûκθ֮£ԭһȺʿϾͷų̣Ȼþ̻ǡ
̻ĳײȥٶȽӿ졣
䣡
Ŀ֮£ǸײڻǴĹĻϣĻɫҫ۵ĻɫâͳĺǶҵһ¡
ڵͽʿҫ۵Ĺâб۾Ȼɫ
ײĹâɢȥɢȥڵʿŷֻǹĻȻṆ̀Ѿҵײб⡣
ʿ޲ϲ
סˣʲôȺ䷨ûʲôá
ǷҲȲǵĻǴ󡣡
ʿǲŸһСϱ͡
ΪǷԼ˵̫ˡǵһѣܿ죬Ⱥԭʿͷų˵ڶ̣ٶȳǵĹĻ˹
䣡䣡
ÿһεĺǾ𶯡
ϣֱʮ֮Щʩԭʿķȫľ޷ǽкǴĹĻҲѾ֡


285 ڻ
ԭһСȺʿþ̺ǣºʿҲһСȺʿʩչȺ䷨ͺǡ
ͷųȴǱϵı׶ηľͱ׶ڻǹĻϣѣһƬտɫı꣬ͷɢĺ⡣
ڳͷϵĹսĸɵͽʿǣĿŻǹĻȺ䷨ľ𶯣ֿʼĵ⣬ʮʿǶ۷׷
Ҷʦ֣˵ȥ⻤Ǵ᲻ᱻư̧ͷͷϵĻǹĻ죬Ӷˣޱȡ
˵
ҶϥڳͷһĢ́ͷһ۰ĻǹĻԵõǣ漴ҡҡͷĿ
൤ŵĹżأʵǵĻǹĻƹǳڵĽݻ٣ڵǾؽ
һɽսܲסս仯޷Ԥϣ˭Ҳ˵׼ҪǣǶڵλһʿֻӽ¡ػǳˣԼܾġڽǻۣ϶ܹõľ
ҶظûȥǳƲƵ⡣
ڿǵǣһԼôȫҪǱˣЩɵʿصɽ֮Уڸɵɽţֿ
һɽʮŴɵɽҲݣǽǳ׵սܣζɽ类ǽһĺƽ١
ǸʱԶӵɽ磬һ·ĻԶ޷ٷɽˡʥɽ磬Ϊ֮أΪȺаޡͽ̾ϳ³ǼΪɱġ

ǵĹ֮սĵԭ硢ºͻ֮صʿǲСȺǧʿַʩչȺ䷨ǵĻǹĻͼġǡơ
ǵĽǣֻԻǴֵżسǵľͺڻûʿսڳǷĻδ֮ǰ˫ʿûбκδģĽսڵȴʱ
Ĺսһֱ˰ңŽһЩϸ΢ı仯Χǵԭº֮صʿıˡ
仯̱ĽǷ֡

ǡ
Եڡ
˵ʮʿһãЩʿߴɡʮСɣԼɢ˵Ľʿɣ˵ǾۼʵȨһĸ߽ʿ
Ǵÿάһ죬ҪʮƷʯ£ڵʯѾȥһʮƷʯʡŵˣڵʯ֧Ų̫áĽսλʲô־ۻĹѣ˫֣ɫѯʵ
ڽǴ඼ɫҡͷһսֹۡ
ʵɽѾȫʵսߣȭͷսɶǷǳϾһɽʿɽʿĹ˭Ҳʤ
ҹƣƵʩչȺ䷨ǵĳǷһҲҪĵĶʮƷʯŹãǵĶǶҲǸصĸԭʢʯºʢʯǻǺĵǲܺƴʯıһ²ԲС
ʸǿһۣ˵֪ʮԭƵĳֹ쫷磬Ұҩ½ֳɹģִģĶȱԭʿ˴δ磬йأ޷ֲĲѡºʵǸԭ֣ǵԭһˣºҲꡣϾǵһʵǿ֣ʵͬСɣȴӲԵеϲߣֻҪǽסϸʮǱҪԼˡ
ߣϸ꣬ôףС¾ͺȥһʮƷʯʮֻɿɵʯȫáǿųǷӲȥгƵһ졣ҪǷѹʿѰսСŵ棬˵
˵Ĳǲȥѵͷʾͬԭº磬·ǳҲҪ֮ãԴӺ󷽻øֲھͽռɢɽڵĴʯءҩɼЩط϶ΪǻòĿꡣ£ɳȥ̽ӷǵķѾ˴ĵͽʿʿϲȻǱȥɼǳսĻᡣ
ǣǵôãҲöһˡ
ʮλǵЦ໥һۣĬ׵ͷһֱͣԭºʿǰ翪ʼ̵̣Ǳٳ£̵ڱս¡
ǣǵֻͣΪ˵õѡ
ڣѾòֵӶһˡ
ֻɢ˵λɫǴǲԸսھۼʮʿ󲿷ֶɢޡСʿɵҪʿڸԵɽšҪǳսɢ޵ض޴ӷԣɵԶԶɢ޵ǿ

Ĵɽ֮ĴսͻȻµı仯ԭºʿƳǵȺ䷨ϧʱκβǵϹŻǴ
Ĺĵ̫ԭº֮صʿ¼ޱȵǣʿҲһֱڳɺš
ʮλʿӹǣͬʱǲ˴ͽ׵ʿȥΧɼԲʵġսõĸ෨֮Ҫʯ޲ָʯÿ޴󡣴⻹пٲ䷨ơֱͷŷķȵȡЩսʳ񣬺̶ܴϾɽսʤܡ
ĸֿ㡢ҩɼأֹɰǧ
ʿǳӴ󣬵ֻҪһɢٵĿһС㣬ҲܰʮʿвɾѣҲˡ
ڵĽõͬʼǲڻСӳǣǰšƻзʿĸɾ򴦡ҩɼʿ޷ڱػò
ȱɳȥսģܴһֶǺɢ޺СʿΪߵͣս
ЩʿһСһСӱǲȥȫ⡣͵Ϯɹ㹻սôسǣðսùзĴ󲿶ӣôȫӸҲпܡ
ߴɵʿɱսĬĬĵȴųսʱ
Ҷ൤ŵӣͷڳͷϣδǲս֮⣬һ顣ÿձǲȥСʮ֧ܹŻȴ֮٣һ롣̶̵һͽʿ󲿷ֶʿʿŻسǵģҲ˺ۡս֮ңһߡ
ҶڳͷϿ˶£ԽĳĬ
˵ʿϣҲ˹עôʿҲһСˣʿߵȥɽս֮Уֻн𵤼ʿ㹻ʵΪʿڻңƴܻ
ǿҵĸоԼʵСһǿʵĽȸȻ


286 ǣɭ
ڵͨɢޡСʿأܹսʿս෴سǵʿȴʼմڳδһʱʮͨɢ޵Թ󣬷׷ױԹܾս
ɵҲסѹΪƽϢԹøسǵʿսسǵĸʿڱǲս
ҹҶء򱦵ʮ൤ʿͷ൤ŵϴϣ첽ͷЦ൤ʿ
ʦ֣
൤ʿ׷վֳ񡣶ͬŵʿ֮ʦֵܹϵԽֻǹѡϴ൤ڳ֮ףʵȨǳɼ壬ٹ̣λԶЩһȡ
ϴЦŵ˵ͷ
ʸʦʮ൤ӣִ̳һսǮҶء䡢ͮ򱦣ʮ˽ҹһͬǰɽڵĺɭ֡ɭͱʯ㡣ʮ˵ִﺮɭ֮Ƿºʿڲɿ͵ϮšδезʿɿǱڴ˵أȴзʿ֡Ļ϶ºʿ˵زɼʯϾ˵һͱʯ㡣
Ƚ൤ɫĵӣս֮ԻùѫնɱһԼͬΪĵˣԻس¡նɱԼͬΪĵˣԲٳսսҲܹõʯսͼأѫ׿ԽĵҲȵõõķءλʦܾľΪ൤šºպչѫ
ǣʦ֣
ϵ൤ӳУȵЩǶǺ޸ɢ޳˼֮ζҲܽ壬ܹϴȥ
൤һʮʿسǣαǲսĽֻеʮˣʣ඼ڳڼسǱսȴ
ҶʦܣҲսʸʦֱӵҪսҲû취֮һСΪϣйֻҪܱסС֮£һᾡ㰲š
ϴº͵ʿļߵҶظǰʱȴͶ˶Ҷش˼䡣ȻĿ⸴ӵҶһۣδٶ˵ʲô
Ҷ⼸Ϊ֮죬֮⣬ȫȵϱźĵӵٶȡϴϳԾģȴǻʸ̬ȡʸǼֱӹȴֱӵҶسսĥ͸ʸͼ
ϴҲҶʣջʸķԸҶս
ΪǰҶתŮ棬ɹмİϸϼ׽ʿҶػǺкøеģչ˾չˡ
Ҷﴫһ£΢΢ױʾ֪ˡ
й޹⵹Ǻ⣬Ƿܵõս÷أ̫⡣ֻҪԼܹųΪһʿպûԼĵ̣
ϴϹһ֮ʮ൤ʿϢ뿪ǣãã̲ǰȥ͵ϮзʿȻˣʮŴɶɳԼĶ顣
⣬ÿһȺԭºʿǴ֮⣬δǳȫΧסʿӻǸǴĵͽʿȴѾɢռ
½ɽĴսҪãʮꡢʮ궼ϡƽ顣Ÿոնͷսδʼж˫ʿż
ҶصҪ뿪ǲѣҹɫ˳ǡѵڳ

ǵ棬ɽԲԭʼ֣ҲʮŸɵɽ֮ء
ɭ֣ɽһ﷽ԲɭشһƬɭֵм岼ı󣬱ʢʯ˵вٱϵޣʿǰ˵ءΪϵʿ࣬ʯ١ıʯδھºʿˮϵͱϵΪɸ߲Ŷ϶ºʿ϶ھʯ

ʮ൤ʿ׼һ˳֮󣬲δУѡڵ漲ױзʿ֡
ʮ˶ɢݼ൤ţΪ൤ӣͽ׵ˣн׵ĽˡǵȴȻͬ
ϵİ׷Բԣü˥Ѿһʮ꣬ۿڹʮҪԪľȥģҶء򱦵ˣڷǳɹһû
ܳͨʿƽʱǳʮ޲һΪ൤ţֲãҲδؾܵõٺô
ǰǮһĿڣòͨʿΪʮ൤ʿΪߵһλ˳ǣԶΪ֮ףǰɽ
ҶΪߣʮ൤ʿмȴŵ˵ڶλ
֮ϿȷɱҶغܿע⵽֧ʮСӽ˾룬ֿһǰһ
ǰǮʿƺһģҴҸ·ȴǰҶء򱦵ڵʿ
Ҷһ£׹еԭ
ɲΪΪɵģΪս뷨һԼ˵ûҪȥɱºʿսɱһǧ˰٣ºʿûôɱԼԽȥ˲źáȥһ˺ɭֻ֣ҪܻŻصǾУзʿٴĹͣҲȥܲСȻŸ·²ԾһЩ˺档
һҲһƽʱһûûεģΣվǰҪ򱦻ȥºʿǼǲܡ
ǮˣȴսƺСҪԼеĵλϺõķأɽڴսһ򵥵Ľݾ
˵뷨һȻǲսȴнȻ̬ͬ
ҶԳĸ·
Ǯɱǰ棬΢ǹִϿȡֻҪɹ˴Ͽȣޱȵɽˡ
ʱͷһۣȴֻƽʱ׽൤ʿҶء򱦵ȴɣʱɫЩ䣬Ǽλô£Ҫ겻ƻºʿɼʯ⵽ϵ𷣣˭еΣ
ߣǮʦܣĵزҲףôƴʲôΪɵ㽱õôƴƽ׻ɻҪƴɱǰȥѱϡ
м̲˵һٶ꣬·ļᣬĲΪԽϷԽ
ǮɫʱѿϲĲڷô̰ͼɵĽôҪΪʲôԣ
ҶؼЩӲһȰ˵ɣʮʿһжЩֳ࣬˵СӸΪһЩС໥Լʱ֧Ԯ˺ɭ֮ȥǱߵҪǵзʵһ֡ʵ̫ǿȳζԵСλʦʦΪΣ


287 ֵ
ҶֳСӵжΪн໥֧Ԯ൤ʿĬȻܡ
Ȼҵ뷨ֿͬжһЩһЩжҲΪһͻϮֻҪ̫Զľ룬ʿ˵ҲǼգ۵Ĺ
ʿ׳ɽϿȵϷɹɽ
յİʱ֣һȺ൤ʿִɽڵһ﷽ԲءصƵͰ洦ïܵĴ֡еͱĺŨ֣ո
Сᴩɭ֣ͬģïܶĺɭһƬɫɫ֮Уʿһغѹֵա
ΪºʿǷѾִƬɭ֣Ϊ˱ݾߣ⵽ûֱɭֵ룬ѡɭֱԵȻͽɭǱС
Ǯ˵ֱӴһС൤ʿɭ֣գ۹ʧ
Ҷر뽫ǮסһСӽɭ֮໥ϵ顣Ǯߵ̫죬û֡ɰ̾һεķ㡣
ˣܲ⺮ɭﱣסԵı°ɡ
ҶҲȥЩ
ǮǲҪˣҴҽɭֱ֣Ǯ˴Ҵҽɭ֣һǮʮֲмһô£ϥָɽһ죬ȥ˲ٷһ˵
˼ʵΣաûһˣҸн׵Ϊ𣿿ɱ˸һءǿء
ļͷЦһ¡
ˣͮʩĺȣɭֱԵ֮ͣ´Ϊɢޣ˶ϱ֮ϲ֮ģԸŶ
ҶزδֿطɽھעŵɭֱԵĶΪΪߣ֮ѾΪ˵ӣȻҲ縺ŸΡ
м䣬ֻĲ㣬ǿ򡢷롢ʩͽһΪҶءһء
֧Сһͽףʵ϶ҪǮ֧һɫн׵СҪһء˼ҲԸ֣Ҳ֮е顣
⣬ֻ֮зͮŮʿһλٸķŮӡ
ʩĺĬԣСĵӣҶز࣬Ϊ̫ࡣ
ʦǰ˵أҶزδָʲôΪĳʵҪ⺮ɭϤͰȫࡣ
ûǰһλϵʦ˵أλʦ˵⺮ɭֵһЩɽд֮أ⺮ɭֱ׵̾׵֮һʿ漸ǱɡʿҲȺһжŰȫһЩЩʵһ룬ȥ󻹵СΪϡ
ҡҡͷ
ʦ֣ɭЩʲôͮ˹ƳһҶغ΢ӴֵĺЦʵ
ʱо崺磬ǺЦ
ʦãƬش·Ϊɭ򡢱ΧһƬïܵɭ֣ǱŴĴ޺;綾ֲЩֲ඼ľϵľ綾һжǳ鷳ôͨõıٶԼרſľ鵤
ɭ֮ǱŸˮϵޣͨˮϵΪѲ
˵ǱҲǲɾʯĵطǱͬвٵıϵޣɾʯʱǳСģ⾪Щϵ޵ĳѨ
Ҫȥõİ취ֱУܿɭֺشֱӴս뵽ȥǲ֪ºʿǷѾ˵أֻͽǱУɭֺ򡣡
Ŷ˵ؾȻأʦҵʶһ⺮ɭ֡ͮ˵
Ķ桢ΪλǧСģƿĸٶ֪Ǵ˹ûУҪûĻ۲Ҳͱǵķۼ۸߳ʮƷʯ
Ϊóƿٶ鵤
ҶزȻԡͷȻҲȷǮͷԣ˶ɭֵҲδ׼ٱٶֻܴϼӦ
˲ϣÿ˸ԷһٶŽïܵɭ֡
Ҷؼӳһָֻһɽһ׶ܷĲɭڡʵǿнʿǰ棬λͽںССɭȥ
ɭظõҶɢŻ֮ȥĸù֮ι״ĿſѪϲ֪ɺ춾ݣкڰ˸ƮƵ⡣
⺮ɭ֪һ˵൱İ
Ȳ˵Ƿºĵзʿɭڵнޣͷۣǳ׶ԸһСͷޣһսòҪһȺޣֻֻķݡ
ɭҲε顣Ǯ൤ѾȥˣҲȥ໥֧ԮҪһСȫһСҲûùӳԡһʮӣ൤ӵĶʮ֮һʧ
ҶؽڴУһɭڵĸ
ѪʮɷԲ֦ͷľ裬ʢǿĸʴҺһУ̵ʱھͱܻΪѪˮѪĵط޻
ڹǲݣһ׶ݡ˲ݽ糤һڹǲ֮裬԰γǴ˶Ԫͽаʹá

̶̵Ƭ̹ҶѾʮ൤鼮ϼصĶݶвжľδ׿ȥϡ
ҶȻڴռֲԲɼЩݡ
ЩݶʵǱȽӦֻҪǾˡ
ģһֱ֮ΪֲСΧһޱȵĸ֦סѲĻױЩһ㣬ηһվȥ˶
⣬ͷʹĵͽ涾ȺЩֻһ׶ףӴ谵ɭڷʤƼ֮ЧҲδصס
Ҷس˻֣ͿĨ˼֦ζɢ档ʩչǱ֮⾪ɭڵޡ
ɭַǳףϢ
ΪʿǵܹƮƮһнٶȣ㲻κ졣
ҶͻȻЩͷۣʶΧɭɨҲǮ˵λˡɲΪһ֧˵ʿСӣϢƽʧ
н̫죬Ѿ룬ʶӦķΧ֮ڡ
ҶüͷһԵȥ
֪ҶڵʲôҡҡͷȻʶҲ޷ӦǮ˵λá
ɭ﷽ԲӦûезʿޣ׶Ը㺮ɭѾºʿҲڱһʱӦòϡһ£˵
Ҷ΢΢ͷٹĵġ
СһɭǱʮһбл˳
ǾܿЩ֮̾أ޳Ѩ·ߣ·żȻͷʳ䵥Ľǡǻûü˻𣬾ͱ˸ķɽҽնɱɾ䡣


288 
ҶشСɴɭͬǮСӽɭ֮˲ٵޡҲǮʿǰ棬ɭڲ޵ע⣬Ҷءһ·δޡ
Ǯ൤ʿδϵɭ֮࣬СĴһĺڸߵĳѨڸȺŭӱɱһնɱ˲ʮ׷Ľ׵ĺڸߣһǱĳɭ򣬰Ⱥ׷
ӽƵɭӳǴһڣͷɭֵʱ򣬻¡
ѾشȻĴĵҰڿտԿ࣬ɭһƣ޴ڵɭڱΡ
ʦ֣֪ɭ֮࣬úҶһжźáʮʿһϣһʮĽߵ߳Ѩ塣ɭ֣СĲڵһϣʱлƷйеĲ졣
൤ʿʱҲͬΪ
ǱʮʿʵںɭΣգҲ㹻ʵԱƫƫǮʦȴҪֿߣһ룬Ūһ·Ǳһ͵߳ҲҪܿ
ߣǼʲôҪ̺ô͵÷ֿɡǮɭӳһ˵Ŀǰƺڿʲô
ʦ֣Īʲô㣿
Ǯƺлæʵ
Ȼ
Ǯ˵ͷҲûЦ˵Ǽһһ·ԥԥȥºʿɱΪֵͣһ𷴶׸һ𣬲ǵնȥºʿע⡣
֮ǰװһҴҸ·Ž뺮ɭ֣ΪΪһǰ档ǿ԰ĵĸںˡ
ôɵô벻ȴȻϢĸǵĺ档ΣգǶţںŻ˱ˡһ̫ǿǾͳǵ󡣡
ʦ֣ͬʦֵܣǵƲðɣ
һʿǮע֮Եʮ־ȣԥ˵
ǮɨǸʿ
ʿʱһٶ˵ʲôһﶼǺʶˣǮԸǳϤĺʲôɵĳͬʦֵܵƣֻС˼
ߣЩ˶Ǳɳսڻңһã˵⺮ɭ֡ǶҼסǳǵʲô飬赱úˡΪǵİȫҲΪ˻㹻սպҫ󣬱ô߰ɣڸҸεĵط֧Сӹȥ֮ٸǺǣ
Ǯٷϻ
ʿһۣĬǮôֶȻ˵㣬ǶһкôڶսĿǣѡĬ
ǮĴ£һ˳شҵطȥˡ

Լʱ֮󣬵ǸܵҶðŴ̱ȳݵرԵ
ҶֳַɽƮ֦£ûرԵκ˾ĺۼ֣Ǯʦߵôôô׷ôûûзǵжټѵɭ˲ͬĲ·
ҲԹҶػжʧ
ǮһǾͼҴɭָ·ҶشһӡΪǮȥɱºʿҲû룬ûȥǮһǾͿʼǡ
Ҷϰ½
Ǯôȥ߻ȥɱСС£Ը׷κ©ûаϣЩûʲôͬʿϡΣյ⣬ǵÿԼΪʵУǿסģͬҲһ
Ҷһǰ֮
Ϊԭʮ֮㿴ش͸¶һɹ죬ĴǸ֮أиˮݣżܷһ꺱ݣؿտ쳣ƺûκ޻
ҶؿɲΪûûΣա
δóȻȥڵȴСӵԱ
ܿ죬ɭھ˳Ҷصһࡣ򱦡ͮʩĺˣ½ڳ
ɭֻްǲõǰڻķʽǰǰ˵໥ڻнٶȻЩȴΪȫһܵ˿ͬʱ֧Ԯ
ûзǮʦֵµκټǺܿѾʧȥϵӦ׼һУû취ʱ໥֧Ԯ
Ҷصĳͬ˵
򱦵˲δ⣬ϵ
ҶشͻȻĿһݣǰںˮ󴦣Ưһ߲ȱáһ֦С˿
ɭֲʯľϵˮϵϵϰ˲ǰðյʿɭü
⸱ȴЩ£滹һȱĲϣûбصĸȫá
˴ʮգ滹ҧӡӦ֮ڡֳ񲼺ܺʵ⸱ºʿǵĵѾˡ
ҶشùǼȡһСдĲϣϸһȻֶڵϣƽ˵
Ҷʦ֣ⲼǺһĳ񲼰ûдأô֪ºʿ֪ºʿʲôϣ򱦽Ʋĥһ˵
ϸȣǵ·Ҫûʲô𣿡
ҶصһЦ
ԲûжʶֻҪȶһԼ·򱦵ʿŵĽ£Կ鲼ϱǵĶҪʵü
ʿһ㲻׺Ҳ̫
ºֵطڳ꺮֮أڵͽʿܲסȻҲʵһЩǵ֮󣬾㲻η䣬Ҳɻϰߵıֺµϰߡ
෴ɽºͣһʿûд·ϰߣʿ϶ƫ
ҶظղҲżȻ뵽һ㣬ƲӦºʿʿʿȻˣ²ֻ߰˷׼ȷҲпܲ²ⲻ׼ûʲôϵӦúָܷܿºʿĺۼ
ɫʱ൤ǻϰʸʿĲ㡣ҶᣬΪȴߴʿЩȻų⡣
óҶǰ;ʿȣԸûкҶСӵ˼Ҷ͸¶ĽϸģЩȺ;η
ҶʦܣƲ˵⺮ɭӦѾºʿ֡ʿɥô⸱ӦһʿʿֻһãǾǲɼʯ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬˼
ҹţºʿѾʼ⺮ɭڿ󣬶вʿֻǲ֪ǵж١Ӧò̫࣬ҲʿⱻɱӦлƻڴ˵صĲɿ
Ҷɫ˵
ǻʲô̹ȥǵ˵ܹһѡسȥü²ɱ񡣡
Сʮʿܸش
򱦡ͮʩĺʿ˷
ȻǶսУб˲ǾɵϡҪǵֻһȺʿǵɾˡ
ҶؼǼҡͷƽ˵˵̫磬ǲŸոսԵشɿԶءһǱһȺºʿ˵һս߰ɣȥǱߵ˵
ҶزŸո׼ȴͻȻɫһ䣬ȻĳǰȥƺͷɽС
ֻʮԶʵ֮У߳ĸʿӰŮ̸ЦţδʱķҶصˡǵװഩذɫɫҶڸ߽ʿ
һŮӴ߳һˮ󴦣СĵĲժһ걻ˮƵݡҵһˮʮˡƬطˮϵ࣬ǾȻûȥ񣬿ɲºʮַѾҵʦ廹˵ʲô޶࣬ΣգҲûʲôΣա
˷̧ܵͷܿȻ
ŮļºʿҲҶء򱦵ʿͺϢվǵǰ治Զһ㵡
Ǹû뵽ʿһʿеκһ¶һǼ
ǲ࣬ȷΣգԹԸϷ־ܰɡ
ôҲû뵽ȻмºĵͽʿЦֿطɽǱƽȥŮӿһºʿ⺮ɭ־жˡ
ãӣ
źȣ
ǼºʿȻɫæӡͬʱವһһ֧ɻһںĻʿųġ
쵰ң
ǾȻųźţδܼʱֹסʱŭֱʹзɽ˹ȥһɫâӶûκϧ񣬡͡Ůʿûӳʮɣ촦ء
ɱ֮󣬷ɿİǼϵ΢ֵǮĶȡ¡
Щ֤ݣʿķϢÿʿķϢͬԱϡЩƷܹ֤ɱ˶зʿɱ˶Ϊʿ
֧ɻڰѾըҫ۵ĸɫâ
ܿ죬ʮﴫһɧСд˷ڵĵط
Ҷزδ֣Ըʿһ˳Ѿˡ
֧ɻк⣬üͷﲻºʿҿҲôĶ
Ҷʦ֣Ѿˣô죿ֱɱȥȶһ¡򱦼æʵ
Ҳҳɱȱһܣ˵ɡ
Ҷطһۣû˵⼸ʬ峹׻ٵºۼĶ࣬δؾȷ˭ɵģΪްǵ˸ɱ⺮ɭ﷽Բڶ࣬ʿͻϮźҲʲôطܲˣзʿҪҵҲûôס
򱦵ͷ򣬺ͷͮ˰ǼºʿʬˣȻƬؽҡһҶصĴشС
ƬҪôɭ֣ҪôĴشȻǧºʿۼҲδؾѲ鵽ǵλá
ҶʮֻһʯɼѣʲôصأºܰѴʿڻսƫԶĵطʮϰʿɼʯѾˡڻжʿ˵ʿ͵Ϯºʿγʿ
ҶشС˲뿪ֳá
ǮʱȴСӴӲԶ֮ŭƿ˼䡣
ԭҶص˵ĺ棬Ҷص˵ǰ棬ºʿû뵽ͻȻ䣬ּºʿұװ׼ȥˡ
ɭѾңºʿ֮󣬿϶ɳĴǼʱأⷽ򶼿ܺºʿ֮ǰļƻѾвͨˡ
ѾˣΪսɣɱһȡһЩսȻǡϣ϶Էʿźá
Ǯ˼䣬Сӷɿ뿪ʧСڲºʿʵжǿ֮ǰҲⱩ¶Լʵ


289 
ҶءǮ൤ʿ뿪ƬԵش֮󣬲һȺ߰ʿ֮зɿĳ˳˸ղҶصͣĵط
Ⱥʿװ֮ǰɱļʿĴ࣬԰סɫΪɶºʿ
мΪ׵һˣһӣòΪᣬɫȴֲ̬һļȲ԰ס˫¶Ƥ޲԰׵˴ĿġҲ֪ˣΪԭ򣬸һֹĸо
⣬ʿΪʿߣҴ󲿷ڸ߽ʿ°Ľӵм䡣
ϣѾеͽʿ̤ΣյشΪθղŵӴ﷢źţ
μͣɫ⸽һδ˼һԱһʡ
¸ղѾʹˣڵϢʱ뿪Ӫأǰ⸽ɼҩ¹βϣ
æ͡
˵ҲùҩҲʲô£ֻǳΣգǱŲ׵ĿֲޣֵܵģӲͽʿֹˣǼڵӣְصĳҲѲ˸ϵ
ߣͷ׷Ĺʧ
ӱ˫ۣһƺϸĸоʲôܿһƾ⣬΢ĻϵϢǼǱڵˮϵɱȻ⵽˵зʿķʱִ٣ӦûԶλϣǸԴһСĶʿΧһѰһз̷źţΧߡ
򲻿ɣҵ˴ȥѰ٣߱û㹻ĻһΣյĻ߼æȰ衣
ұˣضԡ
ǣ
һۣεԴѰ
ֻʣӺʿͣԭءӻܵϸһ˿Ц
ãڵȵʿˡ
⺮ɭɽΪļıʯɼ֮һ鵽ºɽȪŵĹϽȪŵڹǡΪȪŵһСֵʿڴ˵ȥʯʿ
˵ذռ֮ȻͿǹ⵽ʿϮĿԡ
ﰲ˶ʮʿݵ˽£ٳûмʿ֡ΪȷʿʲôʱŻȪŲﲿʿ׵ȡʿٲ㳷һʿ
ãԥʱʿڳ֡
Ӧòֱ࣬ӹ򺮺ɭıȥˡǶ٣˾ͺáҪûе͵Ϯ⺮ɭδԵ̫ȤȥЩ
˼䣬˫ˮУرҲжĶգۼ㻬ϰԶ
߲㡢˲Ȫ׳ȫʩΪǿ׷

ҶصһƫƧСԲƬǳ󣬶Ĵ⴦ºʿҪѰҵǲס
ºʿڻҳһСʱ֮ûҵǣܿ찲ȥǼ뿪ԶͻȻֱƬǲƬ̹򣬾ֳȥ
һʱ侪㵣֪ʲô顣
ĪǷǮʦֵˣ
˵ƬڻвǱŵޣޣ˻Ҳһ
ղЩǳ̴١ǮʦǼ˵ʵô̵ʱھͱЩºʿ϶ޡ
ԵΪķ϶Ǯˡ
Ҷص˵ͷʾͬҲǮ˻ô׾ͱʰֵСʱֱڳû˶Ŷȥ
ΪɭҶͷһǰ档
һһƬݴͣεͷͷˮ֪ĸߡ
ããѾϲˡɭֱΪɽ׵֮һƬǳʧ򣬳ֱӴУںԷֱ淽
Ҷظͣ£˫ַֽ֮пȥƬһѰĸʬоʲôŹֵĶעǣɭȻĺֱ͸
ܶŵˮڻǵˮ޲ûκζĪ޲֮У
Ҷɻ֮С
ΪǱ߶ͷʹ򱦵ΪһأҲٶࡣ
ʱͻ
ݴˮͻȻ΢𶯵Ĳһɸҵġһ𣬼ŶϮݴ
ʧɫˣһɫâٿصķɽʱǣΪһɽâȥ౻ɽʱֻһͷİɫ޴гײ˷ɽ͵һҧס
ҽУ˫ƷĳǰӰĴȥ˿ûиǰӰκ˺ǰӰҧסгȥ
ڣڼðݡ
һжһ˲䣬ҶزŸոշӦûü֣ĿӰ֮СҶؾǰӰǺ޶ûп
ͷޣʵֲϵˮ׼ƽ߽ҡ߽ʲôʵǽ𵤼ʵޣ˺Ҳһͷ߽졣
Ȼףȴûﵽ߽ʵ߽׵޸ز͵Ϯǡ
ˣ
ҶطɿжϣϵΪһɫĹâʧĵط˹ȥ

ϵ֮һķ˵κһλʿҶضϵһ㣬ǷӲ
ȴǡô
ɫ޺Ѿһ֮ͬУҶظôķֶΣе̣ȴڵγɼ̣ӵصϴ̳Դÿ԰Ѱɫ޺жҲҶؽΨһ뵽ĿԲȡİ취
Ҷ˫
СӵҲɵ׹æʹʮ̴ӷԲʮܼĴ̳еͨͷɫĹޣȻײ˳ڵϡ
ͷɫ޵ҧһϢ׺ݵĿⶢҶصˡ
Ҷصʱſͷɫ޺Ȼһɳ
һͬϴ󲿷ֵطѾã׵⣬¶Ұ׵׹ǣȥһͷùǼܡһСɫâĶͷԹǴһöȭͷΧȴǺɫţޱȡ


290 ˾ʵ
Ҷؿͷ޵ģ֮󣬻бҧڿһϢɫʱ˱䣬ɵ֮ġ
ͷ¶׹ǵڸղŵͻϮһڽҧסĹ൱¡ǸΪµƵĺɫǲҪĶ
Ҫ֪ĲΪ㱻ҧסҲֻһ˿ڣ˿ɥʧսǺɫ˿֣ȴڼ̵ʱڽ׷ͷ˲ٵıٶа鵤ֻѾһغˡ
ϣΧʦ־
Ҷվԭأ׳ƺͽɫССһıϮ
ʩĺ衢ͮ棬Ʒ˹ȥһͽ׻ϵɽһ߲˿Լһ𵶣ŸɫâΧͷ͹
ƺо飬δ̫⼸βͿ˦£ļϵɽͽ𵶷㱻ɣֻβİ׹϶糤ӡۣ˿ڶɵԼʲôΨһ鷳ĻǷ߲ͮ˿뽫߲˿ķɣỬޱȵĲʴĽסͼס
߲˿ûסж¿е߲˿˺ҧ˹ȥ¹㽫ס˫ȵ߲˿˺ѳء
һͽ׷٣ͮɲʱʧɫʹޱȡ򱦺ʩĺ˶Ȼɫ÷ǿͷҶأϣҶܳ֡
ǿɲҶһǮһͽ׷ֵǧʯʿҲҪ༸µĹЩǮ
Ҷһֱûг֣ս΢üͷ
ͷ㣬ٵѰ˼ŶԲߡδСͷͷսǳϡͽ׷ɵ˺̫С˼ԺԲƵĵزֹǱȵͽ׷ǿӲ
ȻʿŰΧţͷںſڵϣ˦βͣͷĿɭȻҶصʿǲмĿ¶һ˿ͰߣҪ޷Ǹ޷ȥ
ҶĿɨʹޱȵͷɴޡ⺮ɭǰʿûжԸʿľ飬ҲɸǶš
Ҷʦ֣ʲôޣôѲ
򱦾
Ϊײеĸһ㿪ʼɱѪսԽԽءͷֻǴ˵еĸ׵۷壬ΪʬһĿޣǾͨʿ֮õΨһŴŵɱ
Ÿľʹż˵
ĸ˺ѿһӣ˿ڶʿˡǱ֣ڼٶžʴڵĽǺԪ
ȫټϷ˱ٶ鵤ǿѹסɥҪȴѾΪ
ΨһϣҶ̵ʱڽͷɱȻ
Խÿܣ
Ҷ𾪣ԣȴȻһһ߼Ʒÿܣ⵹ǲ
һᡶ󷨡伮ƫаķų⣬һֱûɽսңѾ˲ôֻ࣬Ҫǿʵʲôа
ǽ£һͷÿܵĻôԼ൱ƾһŲİ֣ʵܹһءɱͽ׷ʵڶˣ㸶ۣҲȫֵá
Ҷ뵽֡˫һףļɳӡ׶ܡ˪澣һʱ䣬ͭɫâɫâտɫââĵҫ۵Ĺâơ
򱦡ʩĺ衢ͮˣҶһ׳ļ㵵˵
Ҷʦ֡Ǯ˰
֮࣬Ψһ뷨Ƕһͽ׷᲻ãҶʦ־ʹͽ׷н׷˿ǻᱻ٣Ǯһ
ţ򱦡ʩʦܸһǿʦ㣬׼ʱˣʦֱˣҶ˫һ߶ļͬʱʹļǳķʶΪͷ˲ôˡ
򱦡ʩĺ˾ѹæٶ׳˹ȥ
ҶشļȫѹơͷġнȷͮǸͽ߲˿Ҫ࣬ǻбЧֱ򸯹ǰȺͺȣҪ˺ϣɾû˺߲˿ôס
Ӽÿÿڹؼʱ򣬰Ѹһɲǣѣ֮С򱦺ʩĺ˹ͷᡣ
Ǽ׶ܣɴ˹ȥסĴҴܡǸͽ׼׶Ȼ̫̣ǿסĻ˺ץܹġ
ͬʱ⵽ΧЩæҲҲû뵽ǰ⼸ʿ˶ķܶǸ߽׷Ҳܸ޴鷳
һĻͬ򱦵ֻۻҡ
ηˣҶظѹסԭأϵԽԽὫסڱҶصƸȫŭˡ޴һţһȳޱȵĺɫ˳ΪΧˣڵĳҶء򱦵ӭ˹
ʬ
Ҷش󾪣һ㣬ٶȴ
ֶֻнʬ֮ĲܷųмǿĸʴʿԪЧû뵽ͷȻҲͷķ֮࣬ԸʮɵķΧ
ѹⸯɽʿΪʬޣȻÿܵļƷ
ҶزϲΪ֪ǰӵĳЩôƳÿ֮ҲһܱķͷԽǿƳÿԽҶطڴÿܺЧ
Ǽһͬʬ״˵ı졣
ʩĺ軹ɵɵվûȥֵʬ򱦴һ׳գæͬͮһܡรɣѾʬڣҲںΧʬס
ӳʮɣʬķΧ˲ͣʱȴ㵵ķ֣Ҷزδ˳ʬ֮ȥ
ȻǿǴŵĺɫڣĹ䣬𸯹Ŀֲŭ˻
ԭҶҪ򱦵һܿΧʬȴͻȻоԡҪͷʱص䣬ôٽҳ
ᣬ˭֪ܲץס
ҶһģԼϼӳһϵ֣ʬ˽ȥʬһճĻϵ֣죬Ϊּ̣İȥ
ҶسһڵķӿٶûоԼķˮһߣ֮䣬ڵķԿüٶʧ
֮ǰķģڵĻģķۼȥ֮һʱѾƽĸһ˦ʮ˪ӻ˳ȥЩ˪ڸĳƣ븯ĺУÿһλڵϣ涼ΧĽᶳɼӲıءҪӲıߣܡ
ԭѾƵжĸ³ױεİסŭҧһһı˪Ҳڶʱڰһ鷳
ʱڣΧʬʱѾΪԼˣȴҶضŶ˽ȻĿҶ½ĲڵϣƮڸĸǰһſڣһɫâڸĶͷϡ
򱦡ʩĺķɽ𵶵ͽ׷̲ĸĶͷȴǺɫâֱÿһСöɫҴܣǿں콣ѹסҶһӱ㽫봢С
Ԫ
Ŀ¶ľԪǱȶ׷ǿһַҶ֮ǰļͲʲôʮҲȲһԪ
൤ĵӣҪַŪҲǳѡⲻһľ޶ԭϷѡƷѣҪһνʿԪҪĴԪȥ
ͻȻ֣ԼͲλҶʦܵʵʵ൤ŶӣҲһ


291 ս
һɱѪսҵıסҶǿƿԿȥֿ֮ŭ˻УҵϬβͿ˦ҪͳƬı˪ѳ
ҶʱȴٺһЦ֮ɣⱻβɨУٹƴȡöɫ֪֮ԼѾ֣õĸߡڵǰĻعⷵնѣľڽʣ
ȻСƬ̣˴ʬҵʹ鴤ѪһԻ׺ݵѪͫܿɢȥеĹ
Ҷһ¶Цݡ
һΪȫöϣûѹƣʵ½ֵסԼʬʬԭ˵ֶΣڷҪ֮ܿʬĸʴȥϵⶼʴһɶֻʣһޱȵĺǡ
⸱Ǳȵͽ׷̣İʬǣƳ÷ļƷǺֵǷЩרžʿֻԸ⸶ƷʯҲδܹõһ޹Ǻ
ҶؽȻ⸱õ׸ɳĹǺ봢СһӣһɴƽعιΧʬܿɢȥĻҲȹķ
̶̵һսڵķѾȥ˽һ룬˵൱աҪڼ̵ʱڣǿӲֶνסķֻ¸֧Ųͷ¡
Ƭով¾սݵأѾָƽ
򱦡ʩĺ衢ͮ൤ʿۼɢȥСĵķӵҶصԱߣƬסڵϣͷѾټɱ£ǵ۾ԲԲĵ
ͷȥˣ
֣ͷԾУ˲ɣ
Ҷȴûǵɻ󣬳ܵһۣóһС«Ļƺһڣ˵򱦣ϰʦһ¶أʬƳΣգ˾
򱦵Ȼ֪ΣգӦһӻͳһƿȡһٶ鵤ĿУȻ򱦺ܿͷ֣ʬΪԵҪⶾסΪ̫ͣʱ䣬ʬء
ֱϲʬʴ裬ԪһΪֻǴˣ˵ҲҪͽסҶһٽͷֲĸɵôӹһ٣Ѿϲ
Ϊ˾ͷ˰ɣһ߰ʮ꣬ԪҲûʣ¶ˣû׳־Щ˲Ǯ㹻ǡ൤꣬ȹ
һ̾ҶصʱĿԽĸӡҪλҶʦܳϵǿʵ϶Ӳ˽ѣ鲻û
иĸ̾ԶУȴٷɱ½Ʒ֮Щļ죬ǿҵɱǳǶġ
ºʿˣ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䡣ºʿ϶ǷߵĶȫٸϹʿ֮ࡣºʿ޼ɵıУ϶ڵʿһǿ϶һҵѪսʿǿɲһͷȵġ
Ҷس༸˿ȥ˶һľš
԰׵ɫһ±ŵɷ׺Ѫɫ
֧СһԱһ㣬ʵͲǿټѾɥʧսʵԸºʿսºʿɱõİ취Ǿߡ˿̳׸Ҫ˲϶Ҫ
ҶʦܣһȥҲֻƽƽʣµļʮ꣬ҶʦܾһպһӿȪ౨
һ˲䣬뾪־֮УΨһľǰҶأֻ֪Ҷܾˣ򱦡ʩĺ衢ͮȣҶհ
Ҷʦ֣Ǳߣٳپˣ򱦼æ˵˵⻰ʱ򣬻Ҷص䣬͵գһۣʾҪ
Ҷؿһ¶ɲǵԥ
ȻѾûսֻдǣɳϳȣܾȻһȻֻһΪҲˡ
ûºʿ׷ɱʿ϶
ڣ˵˵սŪȫӸ𣬶⺮һҶԥ
ΪСӵӣҪö˻
¶ľֺ;Ҷ޷վͬʦֵܣպ޸飬Ҳýͬ֡
ǣ򱦱ʦ֣ͮʩĺ裬Ƕ˻򱦡ҿ·ߣҶһɿ쳯ºʿ෴ķȥ
ȴ΢̾ܿȫɥʺӡ
ʦݣŽشʧһĲĳԱ˶һΪ֧Сӵʵ̫⺮ɭִȥ͵ϮºʿӪص񣬾Ǯȥɰɡǣ´ξ㱻ǲսҲˡû񣬻ȥ⵽ɳϵָҲ⺮ɭҪá
ſڣֹεı˵ڷͮʩĺĻ£׷Ҷбȥܿºʿ
һмȴԽ׷ԽѾԿӰǲһɵľ룬ڸͣ¡ʮĹЩºʿ׷ǡ
ҶػͷһۣѾ߾ȫļٶ޷ٿˡǱΪ͵ͣһӰ죬Ӳºʿ׷
Ҷذ̾һⲻ棬ʵ޷սҲԷʵСֱӼٶսս壬ʵʤ㲻ߡͷˡ
ǴһƬСָҶش򱦽£׼սʱȴͻ
СͻȻɳɱ׷ºʿʱ˷׷ɱеºʿɱ˸ֲһЦǮ൤ʿӳ˳סºʿ
˵ҲǽңǮߣͬʧ˷ѷֶҶغ͸Ķ
޷϶ǲһ壬ףԥԲСô졣ʱҶһ൤СӴԱӹºʿǴϲ֮£ԥĳˣǵռһƣɵϲŲ֡
Ϊңսһ˿ɾûˡ
Ҷû뵽Ǯ˾Ȼⲻ۵С֣ϲ֮£Сͣ£Сַ򱦡ʩĺ衢ͮ˷ɱ˻ȥս壬áһʮɫСָ裬⻪Ŀһ浹ѹºʿ
سԿͷԲģȴһСºʿ
һСӲǱˣȪŵϣ߲ĸ߽ʿһ֮ͨУĴѰ٣ò׷˵˵ټûϵʿô࣬һһֲһ֧СӸΧס


292 Ȫ
С϶үң԰ȥˣ
ǮʹһƹӲӵľ޽ϣĿЦȻΪȴų䲻ͻϮľ޽н׷һ߲ʿѹס
ֻҪƬ̹򣬱ͬʦֵܵİ½߽ʿնΪࡣֻҪɱһ߲ʿô͵ϮսҲˣȥǿ϶ܹõϴϵ͡
ʮʿսһţǶ൤ʿΧһȪʿ
ȪߵʿҲϵΪߣﵽ߲㡣ʿΪΪнʿʵ൤ʿ߶١ң൤Ŷ֮ࡣ
ΪǱսḻһ߲ŲæʶٿطȣֵסǮ͹һߴӴͳһöɻ˳ȥ
飡
ɫ̻ըԲʮɼ
ϣסˣӰɣǼȪʿ൤ʿ͹֮£ǿ֧ţѾŲסкҪˡ
˭ܳټһ£ǵ˺ܿ͸ϵֻҪһ·СӸϵܽȺʿȫڴ˵ء
ȡ֧ȪŵʿСӣ˽֮һѣʵԳҶص൤ӡϷǳҪڳˣôȺ൤ʿ϶ٶ֮УԱ֡ɿţҲҪЩ൤ʿڴ˵ء
Ҷشʱһ൤ΪͬʿΧһȪŰʿ
ǰʿɫͷףҶصѾ֧ţοһ൤ʿЭ룬ָܣȪŵŹԴ˳ͷΪ
Ҷڳֹǰʿͬʱ㹻Ͼս鿴档ھ棬൤ʿռϷ磬⣬ֻҪƬ̹ܽǰºʿȫܡ
ϷųɻȻԮʵҶسһ
з϶Ԯֻǲ֪ж١һзԮִֻʿֻҲϻᵹת²ԼɱЩºʿǱͨɱ
ҶĬ뵽϶ʱëǴʱ˿ܵ飬ɱ㼸
У¶⡣
ӣ
Ҷջһͺȣ׳һڰƴͭӣǣΪɻͻʹӣڰСָһָһˡһ죬ǰʿһ겨ȥ
ǰʿҶ׳ͭӣæջطǰɲɲ֪ͭʲôӷͨǷġ
ţ겨ĺƺһ㱻ѣ˹ȥô£Ѿˡ
ಣ
һɫɽâǰʿѣͬʱâľһӶ׾ٵĴ˻֡ʿŵŵ˺üƴıŲӣҪסѷ죬ѷԽԽ󣬡͡ѪĽһźôͷ­ǰʿȥڵϵͷ­˫ԲɣȻǼȵĲģ̫ԩˡ
һɱɾ䡣
൤ͬʿҪ򰫸ʿȴѾһնɱɴ𺳵ҶأȻſ˵λҶʦ֣̫׺ˡûеѣֶΣס
Ҷնɱһºʿ֮һԲĿɨΧСսҵһĿ̳꣬˹ȥԣɱ˭ɱνǸɱǸˡ
ˣ
ͣ
֮䣬ҶսϼһմߡЩȪŵʿԭ൤ʿĹ±ڿ֧ţﾭסҶصĻѣͻϮһѣסΧ֮£Ǳɡգ۹ȪűһĲĵùûŪôһ£㱻ѣնɱ
ȪŻʣʿ
ϽҽУæͷƳͬˣһ£ʱ̼ȫŲסˡԭ㽫Ⱥ൤ʿţȴԮȻȺ൤ʿһΧߡ
̴ĺܺãСӱ̫죬żգ۵Ĺ
൤ʿΧʣȪʿǲսһ浹ķɱΣǸ޷֧ŵԮĵҪɱһɶȻǺ£ҪԼǾԸɵġ
λʦܿߣ
ϿһھѪ߷ϡһʱɫâǣǮľ޽Ͻ˳ȥݡȪŵӣﻹҵ飬һУҴҸųܡ
൤ŵʿûܵһʱ䷴ӦǰΧסڸϼǮҶת˲նɱеĺٶȸסһ»һδܵסѡ
ǻعϵȪʿѾӳʮɣۿҪȥ
׷
Ǯ󼱣ۿķⱻˣϸġֻ൤ʿûһϰݣо֮࣬ҪǱǰˣ˵ȥǶ顣
ʿ¼䣬Ѿ׷Զ
ʱԶһХǵķХŸո𣬱һɫ԰׵ʿ沽̤մˮ棬ƮȻϵǰ
󣬶껤ҲĸϵʿԱߡʿƮƵ̫죬׷϶ס
°ݼ˾ں棬о֮ࡣ
ϼ֣ʱϲּһݡλڣʵǱûˡȪʿӵǱæʩ
ϣ»жأʧɢ𣿡ʿСֻʣˣֵ
λʦܡˡ³ս
һݵأޱȡҪشԮʦֻҲװҪ˵Ҳȫļƻûֵֻܹзʿ̫ǿǿͭӷ̫졣ºɽ磬δԽֻѣķڣȷӦѾʦܡ
ʱҶءǮȾ൤ʿͣǰͻȻֵʿʿõзʵһأСӦս
ʿΪ˶ʿ͵Ϯ˵Ӫأϣˣ׷ܣҲ̫˰ɣ
ʿһ˫֣ϵ˺׷ҶءǮȾ൤ʿоǲмʵ̫ˣ⡣
Ͽɥп˵ʵȻԲʿһ¡ɰҲһʵһĳ϶ѣȵ
Ұ⻰˵ڣֻΨΨŵŵĵͷԼǣӵʵЩҡȣһɱ
ˣҺǡ
ʿִϣƳҶءǮˣȻһЦǵװӦ൤ŵʿɣһн׵Ϊˮ׼ǺܵùȪ˻֪ǱºǸɵɱ˭ҾͲˣһɣҪ鱾ʱ䡣ǵҪ˭Ҵӱѣǵûȥ֮´ζЩֹ
Ҷԭأüͷ
Ǯ򱦵൤ʿȪôš
ˣԼˣҲʿѣ϶нңδռʲôơλôаܹһȫ£


293 ˮ
ҶĿɨưʿȪʿһ˫ʿʵ
ѾȪʿȻ൤ʿΪȾ൤ŵʿձƫһЩԵΪʵĻ˫ҲʵԱȶѣ˭ҲûռԵơ
սΣҪ˲֪
ֻҶزʲô˵ֶΣ˾ӴվԭزƺʮɵİʰЩ൤ʿ
Ҷϸλɫ׵쳣̬Ĳ԰ףѪɫһ߼ٵòֻĳĹŵµĽλԳֹˣư
뵽㣬ҶطЦʿ֮Ķɲһ˵ĹܾʤܡӵжȴսʿȱȽǡ
Ǯ˿̵뷨Ҷز࣬Ϊǰ⼸Ȫʿռơһ뷨ҶصʵǿģӵмǳǿķֻҪܿٽһ֣ô潫ܿб
ֻҪɱǰλԳȪʿȪʿǾܻɳϸˡ
λʦֵܣɱ
Ǯƣðһƴŭһһк൤ʿһͷųȪʿɱ˹ȥ
ϵȪʿӦͬ죬Ͻʿм䣬׳ɼ򵥵ԲУֵֵ൤ʿĽ
ߣǲײĲᣬǱ·
ʿϹһĨ䳰֮ɫţŲæһĴȡһӨӨˮ顣ˮֻȭͷСԲӨ͸ɫĹ
ˮ鱻ʿС
ڷԲڣɵˮ̿ʼڶ
ʿûʩչκηˮѾڴˮĸ
ǡʲô
ˮһ֣൤ʿʱоΧصˮԿʼ࣬ȣʧ
ҶؿǿˮʱĿһһ޷ľ޸СֻڵƳɹԪ𽣵ʱ򣬲޵ĸоһǷ鱦֮ֵԪ֮¡
ˮϵСģֹʩ
ǮüͷͻȻʲôʧ
ɽ磬ǡȴΪ
ֻҪпʯͨʿһһϵƳȻȴıֻܱżȻõ޷һơ
ÿһǶһ޶֮Ч
಻ͬеķЧһ㡣еķЧȴǿرɫޱȡ
Ȼ֪ȪеˮϵʲôЧ
ֻҪǷͨһķȡ
ο˾Ӵ˿Ǿ൤ʿⷨ϶
ǮĿ¶𾪣Ǹȷǿϲһ޷Ƶ̰ͷһܵõʵضһأԶ͵ϮõôҪöࡣ
жʱһɺݾĳȪʿɱ˹ȥ
Ǯһ൤ʿǶʱѹӷĳɱȥ
Ȫŵʿѹп಻ʵҲټóˮʹãÿһζҪɱ˵ʱá
ˮϵ飬ˮ飬ȪΪļˮϵ֮һΨһȱʩ΢Щʩ֮ǰֻӲͷƤֵ
ʿƺԤϵ൤ʿ𾪣Ϊ⡣
ˮ
ʿһ˫Ŀ˿ȥսˮϵн

ԲɵڵŨˮʼᣬСƬ̵ĹڻΪһһ߳ȫˮɫСˮ鲼ֱָ൤ʿ
൤ʿһ棬Ȼɫ
ϰСˮȫΧ
ˮˮϵн׷֮һˮϵϵйһࡣһö΢Ļܹһʿըˣһ֧ˮ˼Ƥë
н׼ķˮĹɲǿȴССĸáʴ֮Чٻ֮Ч
һСˮͨʿķֶ˲ˣΨһǸʴʿĻ֣ʿٶ΢һ㡣ҳٻʱǳݣʿָܻܿ
ˮϵɱʵޡʿͨ£ȥˮϵĹ
ҶسһҪֻһСˮͲ⡣ǣʿȴʩϰ֧Сˮȫͬĸ
ͷ飬ηҪǣǲϵĹĳٻЧζǵĶٶȽ½ֱһѡӻ̬ٱҲܻѣһݵ˲ѣ޷ѣ
Ȫʿ֧ţۿҪŲסʱʿۣ˫ĿһĺâȵǸýˣǡСˮΧζɣ
鲼ϰСˮ൤ʿΧסǵصĳ൤ʿ
ž
ž
Сˮ̫࣬൤ʿûа취ܡһʮСˮڻ֮ˮʿϣ൤ʿĶʱʼóٻ
Ǯڲٿؽ𵶷͵һĿªȪʿۿҪնУʱһСˮײϣζһ٣ٿصķһߡ
ʿ֮䶷һߣҲת档
ĿªȪʿϲ㻺Ͻѱ¶ķϡ
ǮòװСˮĳٻЧϲɫӽû뵽ǡžһһСˮײĶٴλĿªȪŵʿһ
ǮɫױϣĴ򶷣ҽС
λʦֵܣ컻ϻϵ֣
Ҷż
ϵܹˮ֮ⱻСˮٻסѾ˻ϵ֣СˮȻѻײҡҡ׹޷Ӱ쵽Ķ
ҶʦܣǽϵʿϵӰɣ߼㼸ûȥˣٲߣһȺȫҵ
Ǯɫࡣ
Ѿڣ֪ˣͲ̰ʿķͷ
൤ʿɫףͷųϵֵģֻвˡҪôǸûȥѧϵ֣ҪôǾûл޷ʩչϵ
Ǯ˿ûԼ뷨Ҳߡڣ벻ӵ⣬ӶӲ
ΧСˮ̫ˣϵĳٻסֱǸ̬һһĹˣʩķһҪߣΡӵ׷ٻʿܿĹδٻסȪʿûߣͻᱻȪŵʿնɱ
ҶһߺһȪʿսһ߷ɿĳΧȥʩ֮ս̼ѾȫתѾǾ൤ʿΧȪʿȫ˹ȪʿΧǱ൤ʿ
ڿ֧ŲģǾ൤ʿԼλͬӵлϵ֣ǿ໥֧ԮֻһȺ൤ʿȫˡ
Ǹÿǳˡ
ҶһСλͬʿСˮϵĳٻסʵ½һأƬ̣ȫľ棬һ֮Ҳת
ǡ
Ҷ侲Ŀ⣬ͻȻɨȪʿԼеˮ顣
ʿֳˮ飬ٿڶСˮϵľס൤ʿɫ԰׵˲ֱӣЦȴԽŨ
˵ʿʵڲɱǻţⲻϾҪȫ帲ˡ


294 +
ʿɨսֻʩչһССķֶΣɷΧСսѾĿ֮£൤ʿѾΣ紹ѣȪʿһ浹ѹסҷ𲻹ǵָ֮顣
ͻȻõüͷ
Ϊһ൤ʿڸһȪʿ֮࣬ϾĹ򣬲ʱĿƵζ˸ûܵСˮĳٻӰ죬Եࡣ
ʿжʱðһŭ޷κơͷģȻĿ⿴ֱ
Ҳ룬԰׵һӣСˮʿ˹ȥ
ʿҶء
ҶذĿͣʿϣѰ˼ŶԲߡҪɱȪʿת棬Ѿˣ֮ǰλ൤ͬſ¾Ҫ
ü̵ʱһжϣֱӻʿ޷Ťת档ߡǰλ൤ͬŵȫʿϡ
ǡʿСˮϮ
ҶظɴڽֵȪʿѴøһλ൤ͬȥȻתֱʿΪûܵٻӰ죬ȫʩչ֮£죬ΪһȰĻӰѸٱƽʿֻҪ֮䣬ܱƽʿʮ֮ڡ
СģһӷͻȻɥʧսΪԵ򲻿ÿʮ֮ڣϼ൤мʵǿʿϮʱһڷѶ
СͳԹҶǿӵĴԶҶؼΪɵһֱ¡ҪǱ˽ӽҲҿ϶Ƿܵס
ϴʱļİΣ˲ٹ൤ʿæʩ߷ȣȻΪһʮɳıߣ˻˻¶ɫĶײҶأҪҶؽء
ҶضʿѾһɱ֮ģ־ڱصáͷϣɱסƳײ˹Ŀݣһţһɵâ
𽣺ն֣Ϊһڵľ޽͵һնߵĶͷ
꣡
ҺɽǺεȵϬһ㷨ֵܵ߶ʱ˻һɿسһ߷ȣϵСϼ߷ϳһĴȱӣʱʹޱȡⷨȿǰʮн׷Ȼˡ
Ҳ˲Щˣεñ֤һʧСȪŭ𣬻ЩȪʿͳͳᡣðա
ס죡
ϼҶʿԽԽ¶֣ΧȪʿСһԾǰ棬ͬʱַɿĴһҪֹҶؼ
Ҷذŭں޲һ赲ϸնˡ
ϧղһ飬üȪʿѾӦŵ׳⵽Χ鲻ɱϡ
ǰİգŷŵ棬ЩûΪһֻֻѻΧķ档Ԫ׺ޱȣȪʿԼķȥս
ܿ죬ҶʮɷΧ֮ڣҲûСˮڡ
ҶرϮһɫ䣬λ൤ʿɴϲȪʿæԮϵѹʱΪᣬ׷׾£һ໥֧ԮܵΣʱʧٴλ
ԪҲвٺ֣ΪӵȻϵƷԪ
ʿҶؿɽĿʱһ¶һ˿ȡ
Ųһ£ͻȻӦǹŵԪ֮һ𽣣ô൤ʿСĪŵĳλмԨԴĳλĵϵϧڽֻܷ棬̫һЩͷų⺮ɭ˭ܵһϧϧڽվЩʵԺɨڳʿǽң㵹ù
ʿˮ飬Ϊ⡣ˮϵ޴ܿƻϵԪɵĲˡ
Ҷص𽣣ɫԹŹ֡
һȻҲ֪֮ⷨǰλʮֳֵ׼ɵҪָơ
λ𽣵˽Ҳ
ΪƷԪʿͽʿУȫͬʿֻܸϸ𣬶ʿܹϸΪǿ
ͬһСʿʿʿͷųҲȻͬɱ޴ΪͷųǲͬĻ𡪡
⣬һСɱʿġΪСķٶ̫ʿֻҪûбסֽţͨ׾ٶܿ
ǷĹٶȼ졣
𽣣ܸϿֲζô׾ٵĺɨڳеʿʿڣס˽
ʿŻϣҶصԪͷų⺮ɭ˭ܵһ
ҶԿЦ
ֲǽʿ
ֻҲʹãȰԼˡԵޱȣʿܹȥŪģֻнʿΪܹס
ߣǶÿԱ߿žˡҪһСӣжͣ˺üˣòһ֣һҪ˲С
ʿʱѾҶظ߿һۣҶص㹻Ķ֡ˮ̣ûаҶط
ЦһƿϣһȪʿǰ档
㣬ɣһ
ʿҶָָָʹ˵꣬ٻϰٶСˮɽŹķȣ׼֮δ̹ǵȴҶسС
ϵֳַվңԶԡλأʲô͸ʲôͷϣҲֹⴥùͷ
˺һ⣬һΣգǾԻֵġܱȪŭҪЩ
ڳ൤ʿȪʿȵǣҶز֪ôͻȻĶǿ𽣡
ʲôأ㣬ʱɣûõģеʱ㶷ʿͣߴ١
ʱҶѹȴЦЦһУһöСС򣬳Ϸ֮
һɺ˵ĻССɢʱƵΧ൤ʿ˿ɣ׷ɫףɵҶء
ҶԼҲİԵƵöͷתۼ亹£ȫס
ţҶָһö׻ɳȵ𽣵Ľϡ𽣵ĽΧԭЩ棬գۼʧһɶֻʣһöССڡ
⣬׵ػ𣿣
׵ػôܣ
ôܰԵĻϣ
ڳʮλλ൤ʿȪʿȻɫȻƿȴð˿˿ĺ
ͬʿǵжԵʿ޷һ顣
еľ󲿷˶ػ𣬵ػԷΪסס׵ȼ𣬷ֱӦ
Ϊ෨׵ػ𣬻ƶɵġҲԿ׵
һĵͽ׷ף̵ʱھͻᱻ¸յڻ
ҲֻļƷϵԪ˿ηףڽһոʮϰ죬ſԪڻ
Ҫļһһöףգۼܰһȫֵʿճɻҽ
Ҷؽ渽ڽϣʿȫˣ𺧵˼㣬սǵĵļޡ
˵ӵ𽣵ҶأǶԽֻһʵǿʿԶԸôϸ֮󣬴˽ǣ൱һʿʩչ˽ǸͲͨʿܿ⡣


295 ˮ
ҶصһػȻǴϣǴϸеĻڡ
ػϸеĻڲϵŨӺ׵ػתΪ׵ػȻ׵ػתΪ׵ػ׵ػҶҲֻڻڱƶѡ
׵ػǳԵʿֻҪմһƤϣգۼճɻҽ
ҶȻ˼ףһֱڻڡƹԪ֮⣬ƽʱȡʹáλġѡҲûһ渽𽣵ĽǿϵԪ
ϴĿҶǱϵ棬ʱɫֱͱȿѿޱȣ֣ܺл´ˣ̫Σˣֵðա
æİȰʿϣܹȰʿҪԳս
죡
ʿͻȻŭȡѾҶϸеһɾ޴ѹ񲻰֮СܾսԷսڹؼʱȴͷڹ꣬Ȫ
Ǻɫһ£˵ʲô
ºȪϣºʮɼ֮һϼ塣֪λĸ㡢ףҼȻҪ㽻֣ȻҪŪ
ϣλȪʿ˿ɣȻȴɫҶһ֣ɫصѯʵòϣҲ֣ʵ֮£Ĺ°̬Ҳò
ҶأҰ൤Ȫ£Ϊӣݵ΢ҳݡҪһͶɣҶԪһƽ˵
ҶصĵļüŪֹۣҶʦ֣һϣǴһȥһͻϮ
ҪǼ£׼ٳ֡Ҫҵɵòˡ
ҶƽĴ
ս¹൤ʿȻظʲôʿĹء
ͻϮһٽʿ£ֻǱϼ£ûܳɹӵڡΨһĻᣬǳŵûлҪ޷ɱһоֻûмܻƬ
ϣǿк֮£Ȫʿ˵һࡣλ൤ʿȻҲ˫ʿվ࣬۴ս
ɣ
ϣһȣˮ飬뷨
䣬ˮһɫâһɿнˮĻǽʻΣεĵϣǰţַһҫ⣬һʵˮϵ֣ȫȫס
ת˲֮䣬ϣѾͷųԼܵĻסҶظ뿪
ϣȻһʵ˸еֲʿǰ˿⡣ȰԼķãŸˮķĵͷųСˮнˮϵҶط
Թ۵൤ʿɾ졣
ˮϵٿأΪʿҲ԰ˡλҲǵʵûˮλķҲһ⼶𡣼ˮˮϵԼˮϵŨصĵδؾûиҶضһıǮ
Ҷر㶯ˣϣһڣһХ͵سǰԾٿŻ𽣣ϣ˹ȥ
ûʲô˵ģҪΨһһײˮĻֱɱλĸǰѸײڶ֮һɱ
ӵϬޱȵԪ𽣣ԼϵĲϵĿֲ棬Դ͸ǰһϰʿԵֵļƷԪ
ֱӵĽҶضԾõֶΡĨǣȥܿˮĻǽĻǴ˷ʱ䡣
Ȼ𽣵ĽⴥˮĻǽһɲǣ˻˻ҵ£ɲǼ佫ˮĻ˿һ󶴡һɶ
ϣ۽͵ĳ鴤ɫ䡣
̫ˣ߲ŸոհˮϵֿˮĻͱҶصķ
ϣʱҲ룬̼æżһˮ棬ˡϵˮϵ֣Ǿ޿ܵסǱ׺Ļϵɱ
̺ˣȡʱͷŷ
ϣͬʱϵֹˮʩˮ̫޷赲סҶأʩչǿˮϵС
ˮ
ϣзɿ任һˮϵ߽׷Цʿܹո߽׷ƫƫͻᡣҪԷڸ߽׷Χ
ϣĲٿ£洦ˮѸγһߴʮɵľ޴ˮУںڸ࣬Х죬Ҷطϯȥ
ǰǳս֮УһСˮĹҶؼûʲôӰ졣һСˮ̫֮СתۼͻᱻֵĻɢȻ޷Ӱ쵽ҶصĶ
͵ˮгҶض֮СˮİٱϰСˮ²൱߽ˮϵ
ˮγ֮ϣ쳣Ĳ԰סȻȥķ
߽ˮϵ
Թ۵൤ʿͷ顣󲿷ֵʿֻͨн׷ҪѪޣܽˮϵ߽ף
Ҷس̫죬ĹһǰߵΪ̵湥
ˮγ֮һͷˮײ˹ȥҶصĿһϣˮһȫתͼܿˮеĿϮ
̫̫ͣҾˮ̫ܿһɼǿת˲ڡ
ҶرˮУ֮ǰѾ˻ϵ֣ʱڶġžˮҵײҶصĻϣ׷ױѻΪˮһҶصϣȻ󱻻ϵֵɢ
ò˵ˮϵɱȷǸ߽׷ԵЩǹˮвδһ½ҶصĻϵָƣֻҶ޷ˮеľ޴ϵˮٵҶصķ
ҶصĻϵֻˮг˼ʱ䣬ѸٵȥֻҪСƬ̹ĹеˮܰҶصĻָȫơ
ϲȫʤ
ϼ״ϲԭûбκϣû뵽һ߽׷ˮУ㽫Ҷɵˡ
ڿ֮Ҳ³çȻžĻᣬǸʵֲ൤ʿ˫սĻҶصֶΣֻҪһȺȪʿͷʹޱȣص⡣
ϣҶһͷײˮȥˣͬĸ⣬Ҳû뵽һ»ĸ߽׷˳
ԼķģֻҪˮиɵʿûвġҶؿһǷԪֻҪֱƣˮǿҸʴ֮£ܿữΪһ̯Ѫˮ
ϣһиһ뵽Ҷһ˷ܣܹõҶǱֵƵĻϵԪ⼸⺮ɭ֣õջ
൤ʿߣʿɵۡ
ǮϣҶܹʿնɱһսûȥû뵽ȴ෴ҶرϣͷŵˮиɣмΪʧҲʵΪǿҶһʣİ൤ʿ˭λĶ֣
̵ܹʱڰҶشˮоȳǻһս֮
ǮҪʱͷһݣȻתͷȥֻ֮УԼʮȵʿӰڲɫ֮䣬൤ʿΧΧȦѸٵС
Ͳòһ£ںɭڣȪʿдԼʮʿϣɢĸСɳȥѰ١
СҶءǮ൤ӣСӲȫ帲ϣʿʱϵϵ˾
СӵʮʿΧһѰ١ϣҶؾʱѾϢĴҪ൤ʿһ򾡡
ǮƼЩΧӰʱ󾪣뵽Ȫʿࡣ־֮£Ҳ룬ת׳𵶷Ͻ𵶣ҪռɡҪߣӻȥͬţɡ
λ൤ʿҲӦһǮľȻһ¾ˣǷ׷ѧ׳ȥȪŵʿѾʮֻ·һ
ɱһ
ϣЦһеˮ飬ƾճʮССˮžײҪߵǮϡǮһ֮һƣжʱһߡֻ༸൤ʿҲùıСˮײϡ
ȪŵĸСʿۣĴռ˾Եƣ׷׳Ѿܵ൤ʿ׷ɱȥʱ൤ʿѾɥʧ˶־ֻ羪һ㳯Χɢӣƺûвɱ֮ġ
漴ҽУں൤ʿֱӴӰնΪࡣʣ൤ʿҽУӵĸ졣
ϣЦЦδȥ׷бֻǽʿȥִбǡнʮȪʿȥ׷ɱ൤ʿһҲӲ
⣬ԵʿҲδȥ׷ɱ൤ŵĲбǵְǱɱС
ϣԭصҶرˮиʴȥȡǱԪϵԪԶɱͨʿǿˡ
ǵһСϣ֪ôģͻȻое㲻Ծ
ףô£
ȵķ֣ˮеɫâ͸¶һ˿˿ĺ⡣ƺ⣬ʼûϨ𣬷ԽԽơ
ϣһʼΪɢĹâǺܿоԡҪҶˣ֮£ɥʧȥâŶԣôԽԽ
ϣĿ⾪ɲ


296 Ӫ
ʮɾˮУںľеˮ֮ڽɢ
е룬һȼյĺɫλ棬ʱƮɸߴâȴ᲻ɴݡ
ҶصͷԼȫ£鲻ԽһЦ
ԭĲװѾˮеˮȫʴ¶ȫ׵Ļϵ׷סȡ֡׻ϵȫסˮӹǱһ١
ϵ׵ķЧԶԶͨĻ֣ҶˮϵȻĿ֮ЧֻҪע֮󣬻ϵױɢǿҵĻ֮һȻΪɢ
ȻӵԪ𽣡ӵȫ׻ϵףҲһ㣬ǾΪнףڵķޡ
ֻҪ㹻ĲƻŴɼʿŪƷɵ顣Ƿȴ˿޷Ū٣жߵΪжķ
֮ǰļսƴУѾȥ˽ķˮڣΪ˵ˮϮķȫע׷ȥľһա
һǿޱȵķǴ߶ķȴʣ޼ˡû˷ӵٶķҲû˿á
ȫڲķܴ߶һ¹
Ҷزɿʮڵϣ¶һĨЦ⡣ϣʩչĸ߽ˮϵ̫ˣȻվˮеʮԶ֮ȡķ
ϣƮڰյһλ棬˫ĿֱȻ˵
ûȻûֱ޷󣬱߽ˮϵˮɵʿȻû˶ûУֻˮнƬ̶ѡɱʿûмѱɱʿⲻܲΪԾ
׻ϵн׷
ϣ֮󣬳ˡȪҲûռ׵ˮϵн׷ǰ൤ʿǵԪһ׻õķֱԡȻҪ֪Ҷػһױϵ׷µץǡ
˺󣡡
껤ʿΣգ󾪼Ǹ˦һտâҶؼȥͬʱҪڻ˺ҶصʵѾʶֲ쳣ԽԽΣաֻ룬ܱ֤İȫ
ʱȴҶһֿ𽣵סտͬʱŲæһ䴢ɳһССͭӷΪһɴӡ
ϣȻһˡҶϵĸǿѾηͭӣôȥ׳ԡ
ҶָһаЦڻߣûţ
ˡ
һ겨ϯ
ϣ˺ɣԺֱ죬ѣһĵ
Եʿͬ꣬ѣ겨СΧ壬˶ٶһֻҪ겨УһҪѣ
һ⼤䣬ðѾɵϣǰСӭͷնȥ
ͭӵĻѣ֮Чн׵ʿ˵ʵѾǳݡϣתۼӻѣѹһɻȻ֮¼æһܻ𽣡

ϣһʹҽУ壬ȴûжֱۡˮ֣𽣸նϣѪһԡΪȪܹص˺ʹҪڵء
Ҷ΢΢һϲֿطɽڰһתٶȳϣն˹ȥҪǳвնɱ
껤ʿϣϣնһ֮ǲŴӻѣ֮ѹΣڵϦæܲĴ߶ִҶضϣ׷ɱ
Ҷذ֮ɫһջ𽣡
ҪɱϣûһСĹֻ²ɣûзٴȥٲ߿ʩչˡһӣϵˮ˹ȥڵˮһ㣬æڶߡ
ϣʿδηҶصսһʱ侹׷ȥǿɲ֪Ҷڷʣ޼Ҷصڶ෨ɱǵеĳһ׾ٵ顣
ܿ죬ʮ׷ɱ൤ʿȪʿߵľ׷׷ء
ҵѾնɱ൤ʿǱһͽʿˡǣϵλϴҴҴ˻սڵѪͶϱۣ׷׾ɴ㵡
ϣŶ˵ĸ첲÷סӿѪŭߵ൤ʿˣȥҰˮǸղǸʿ
ڲƵѪûɱҶأˮˡû޴ˮϵʵȵˮϵ޷ʩչ
ǣµȥ׷
ϵ˶Ȼ൤ʿˮиɣȻû
ǲʢŭеʣæ
ʱȪŵĶʮʿѾܻϣ£ȫȥѰҶص䡣
ϣ׷һû׷ٵҶص䣬־ŭ
죬Ǳȥˣ
˺һͻȻԼԶһҽУ򣬶ʱáǵʱӪڣдڵɼʯ

Ҷزδֱնߣǳ֮С
ȴ޴ڵױȪŵʿ׷ϣԲˡֻһˣھԵƣһסȫİ취ǽڵԼ١
֮Сн޺Ȫʿ׷١
ͻȻҶһһɿһƬͰС֡
ֻǰε˺ܶ࣬һ﷽ԲıϽһıð˿˿ĺΧвٵĹľ֣Լϵޡ
ҶذֹһӦþǺɭıˡ
ںһƬĿյϣʮСľݡʯݣȪʿġ
ʱʮߡ˲ʿں߻һЩʿҿԾɼıʯʮʿںߴָһǼ๤ɱʯֻԿܡ
ı֮ˡЩʿΪȫʹҲûСʱܴӺײɼһƷʯ
ҶϸĴһºߵڶСݡ󲿷ֵСݶǲɿʿסû˿ءֻһ䲻Сʯݣһͽʿſڡ
Ҷһ΢΢һһƲסϲͷӿ
൤ŵıӪɽ֪һЩɿĹءʯھ֮һڲɿشȻÿգСңŻʿЩʯһλߡ
Ҳ˵ӪڣܿܶڻһЩʯǼʿصСݣмĿܾǶڻʯĵط
Ҷزδ̶֣Сֺ˼ƣٻָ֮󣬲Ϣ͵͵ǱеСʯʮɣͻȻһâ㵵ͽʿ
ͽʿæ׳һɫɽֵû뵽һɫɽ㱻âĩѣ𽣽ֻ֣üһֵĲҽУ㱻𽣸նΪ룬Ϊҽ
ӪأʱҳһƬʮʿӪ⵽ͻϮȻӡ
Ҷûȥǣһ߿ʯţСϰڷ
Ҷʶɿɨ⼸ȻǱʯɼıʯѷЩСڣһڻ˴Լ߰ǧƷʯϰٿƷʯƷʯЩʯƹһޱϵСʹá
ҶһõĻʹúܾˣڽɽ֮ǰΪҲ㹻ıʯ
ҶʮСʯݡ
ʱȴüͷ
ֻСʯ棬ʮȪŵʿҵӵţ鵶齣ĿԵþʧ룬ľİΧСݣͼҶظ£Ҫ²Ųɼıʯ
ǵҲڴˣȻΧסСʯݣȴǰһҶشСʯһǱ㺧Ȼ˼
ھ޴Ϊǰ˶ûõġǰʮʿһϣҲ˲Ҷһë
н׵ʿɢһεѹȺʿеһɼϢѹסеʮΪԷӳһ룬Ҫ˵Ҷعˡ
ҶɨǣЦǲмûЩͽʿ
ԶƳһֻۣϣϵһȺȪѾг˳˱ϣܻŭУкʮʿٳʯɱ˹
Ҷһٵ飬׳𽣣һԾȥŻ𽣣ΪһĿĺ⣬ǳտ޴ζءӶ졣
ӣΡȥɣӽһҪɱ㣡
ϣʢŭ֮ƿڴĿҶߣȪʿ׷׳Եķ׷𡣾׷ҲҪҶظնٽأйͷ֮ޡ
Ƕʮ֮ڣʵԶҶأҶصĶԱȴȫӸ𣬾óսһȺʿҲԽҶظʹ
ǵлм߽ʿٶȾҶ֮£аܹ׷Ҷء


297 ç
ʮɫɽ⣬ɽɵĸ߿գԼٶһӶǰһĿҫ۵ĺ潣âʮâ׷ᣬǺҼлǰǵâвʱıŸɫâŴľŭ
ҶؼԦ𽣷ɳۣʱĶܴķٳ޷ЩʿѣаԽҪͣȺȪŵʿǾ޿ܣûеһ˶Ⱥʮ˵Ȫʿ
ȥҲǰ취ҪɻǣҪжա;һãʧվᱻ׷ϣǿɾٲ
̫Ҷһ£һӴڷɳһŰƴƣƺܿ콫סתۼ䣬ķٶȱһأѸٵĺȪʿ롣
Ϸ
׷ȪʿʱЩɵۣҶϵĶĿϾӡַֻͨнʿУǵķɽ׷ϡۿžԽԽԶʮϰԶǵʵǿ߽ʿҲѾ޷ͨԶľ빥Ҷء
ϣһķзðΣնһ˳ǰ档ɫǵĿҪγѪˮˮϵҶظȥˣ֪׷ϣҲɱʿƴ׷
ҶػͷһۣѾ룬һЦ˿ûȺںáȪʿֻҪٹСʱܳװЩ׷Ȫʿ
عͷΧĻ
ղһʱ׷ѾѾ뿪ɭ֡ҳɽ룬Щɽƣֱͬʣƣɾһ㡣
ҶЩɽ壬ͻȻüͷ
طδ֪Լ
Ҫ֪ɽƵԲһҲδܴɽȻ൤Ŵ˺ЩͷǴδ뿪ɽѲߵİȫΧеһҲȥɽڵĵطʵ˽ļ١
Ҷһ飬Ǿɽڶ࣬вյĵط⺮ɭ֣ϵʿ򲻸׽롣
Щɽ忴ɾһ㣬˭Ҳ֪Ƿޡûޣĳɵɽڣ൤ҲܲԽȥӡƵС
ҶóЯһöͼᣬЩ鿴ʾɽĵͼҪ﾿ʲôطҪĸвܷǡ
Щǰɭֵ൤ʿִ͵Ϯ֮ǰôһ׵ĵͼᣬԷѰҵصλáȻҲһݡ
ǡç룿
ҶطĿΧɽ壬һ߶Աŵͼᡣڵͼϵġɭ֡ʮﴦҵһΪç롱طƵģǰЩɽǳơ
ҶصĿⲻһ͡
ͼڡç롱ϲɵıʶǺţȻﲻκһɡȴɽƺţֻһܣ˵غܿޣ׵ء
ҶطɿɨͼıԵȻ˵ͼԵСעç뺮ɭԼʮ˵гȺ塢̾ᣬżɼ߽ϵĽޡçɽյĵط֮һԶȺɭָΪ£ʿ֮ءʿӽط
Ҷؿ̧ͷǰɽ壬͵ɽѾɼ
΢΢һһ뿪ɭ֣ûü׷Ȫʿȴ󴳵ç׵ˡ
ౡ
һ쳹ɽɽƮУһȺһʮֻЩ˫չÿһֻгʮɣǳһƼ죬ͷƬ˫ΪΪĲɫëΨβѤޱȡͷһֻǳʮɣͫϬĺˡ
񡭡Ұ񣡡
ҶغȻɫ䡣
Ҳ룬Ϸһ٣ʯ漱׹¡Ԧϵٶȼ죬ɵٿ죬ҲҸȷٶȡ
׷ϵޣɵݡ
ݼԣ̵ʱԦʿ׽󣬴Сιѱ֮˳Գɵɽţǹšϵȸ߲ʿ
ȵݣнеĶݣװɵ棬һʵ
൤Ҳѱͷ帽裬Ҷؼ
ֻǴѱ൤񣬲˳
ҰĵǸҰһײб壬Ϊǳԣһ޸ΪѲ˵ϲȺӣʶڣǵĳѨĵ̡
ҶһȺҰɹ֪ԼѾðǵءʵĳ굤ȷٶȣǸңͷĵֻѾ׵ʵˡ
ԥɽּȥҪȺݡ

ʲôݣ
ϣ׷ᣬ֮ԶԶĿһȺгҶظ䵽ȥˣɾ档
ºɽǱߵ޺ݣɽ߲ͬϣϵöݣȻҲǰȺ֮
Ҷ׹ȥϣзϲû뵽ڹϣҶؾȻ㵽ɽȥˡʱߴʿӿٶȡ
ĺûᣬȻŹ
ЩƺЩࡣǲȱһ£
λϣĳϣȺʮͷ͵ݣɫ΢䡣
ʮͷݣͰǸŵ˲ɣϣ
ϣмĺһŶʮʿȻ˹ȥƲݵģܸʿսôжʮʿҪηʮͷݣЦˡˮҪ顣
ȺϣһȺʿ漴һΪ
жͷ׹ȥҶȥİ˾ͷͷĴ£ڰջһĵȪʿ˹ȥ
˫ԽԽ
ϣλǵ˿ȺģǻΪȺе̾գۼ䣬һȺȻײһ𣬷ҶǾ޴ޱȵͷʿȺУһצӣ㽫һʿĻֱֺӶ˺ѳƬһȹȥʿĳ֮Զ
ãǡ߽ݣ㣡
ȪʿɲǼң뾪֮Уܵʿת۹ǵȺͷ˺ѳѪĭȪʿ̵ֻͷç֮⼲ɡ
һɱʮֱԶԶķ˲çɽ壬ȺŲ׷𣬷ɽ롣
ȺȪʿھ̵ͣ
һ;ʿ˵ʿǳһ롣
¡
ȺʮʿʵһȻ˲Ұܡͷ񣬾ǽ𵤼ʵݡȫȥҲ
ң˭֪ɽ帽жľжٳѨŭɽľǿͷʣ¡
˴ɽ棬Ǳ
ɽڵ޼࣬Ȼ鴫ǻСĽǡɽڡɫСĵȰɽ룬ǴҲȥˡŶݵצ֮£ʵԩ
⸽൤ʿߡҾͲһֱ棡еˮ飬ϣĿԶƵɽ壬Ⱥż¶ٵľǹɱŭ޷ƽϢ


298 
Ҷ׹ڲɽϷڵɽʯһ㣬˲븽һƬïܴ֮СţïܵĴֿľдУղſһϪһ

ͷļХͷ޴ĳѾ޴ӰȷïֵܴϷ͵ȶ򣬹һķСת۵ĹһƬɵïܴ֣ҵķиֱӴݻ٣ɽʯѳһɳĹ֣ͺͺһƬزκˡ
ҶشʱѾУʯĽ䣬ϢǼͷĿѰһȺĵղ֮ڣѰϢټ
ãٳδҵҶصȺŷʱͷɽϷշɹѰ֮Сټ
Ҷ̧ͷɽ嶥ϵƲ㣬ơɽ棬ҰĳѨʱԿɽ֮зɽɳ
ɫçڰɽΧһƬšɽԶżͻȻһЩ˻ɽ֮ɱȻֳȥ
ҶСĵʯгϸһ²çͼᡣ
çǧ﷽ԲСɽո̾ᣬҰ񣬽һ֡뿪ç룬ҲЩݴ𲻴Ӧ
Ҷؿһβ뿪ҡҡͷ
ЩȪʿ͵սһĻȻûпЩʿĲҽȴһȻȪʿڼ̵ʱʧӰ١ȺʮȪŵʿǵʵҵ˴ùܴЩֵʲôˡ
Ψһİ취Ǳܿգӵߣ뿪ç롣ӵ뿪ҲδףçɽͬޡһС˸߽ޣͬǾ޴鷳
ҶؿɫѾҹóȻ̾ɽʮΣաɿЦεϪִһɾĲݵأϥѰ˼Լһô
ҶҲ̫ⷵǣȥˣֱǲȥִоһĿǰʵȻͬʿ˵ѾǶףֻҪ֣ɺǿʱ䡣
Ѿˣһʱ뿪׵أҲ뿪
ҶͼᣬͳöһöǼˡ󷨡ĺɫһöǼˡϽż
һԥʶء󷨡ڡ
ֻһϵԪҪƳϽеıľˮԪ̫ˡռһԪǳ˵ҲһϲһԪ
󷨡ԼһЩһùǼܣֱƳһ׵ãƳʹãǿԱ֮

ǡ
൤ִ͵Ϯ֧ʿСӣֻӻ򱦺ˡűӻˣȪŵʿ׷˸߽ʿȥˣΪʿ΢ӹһ١
ȴΪһƬСϢ˺ĶδȪŵʿ֣ǱĴӺɭ˻ڰ·ϣ˵һµʱ飬һꡣǲҶصֻΪֻǶ˳
ǱصǺ󣬶漴ǲϴϻ㱨͵Ϯս
ʦ֣ҵȽ뺮ɭ֮⵽ҵºʿķλʦĺòҰֻҺʦʮսնˣ˳δάʦܵȫʦ𷣣
ȫڣϴϺڳ൤ʿ棬һĿ޺ȴΪԼܹҡһٶ꣬ͼˣͬŵʲôʹҶûӳЩźϾҶһ
൤ʱפص¥ڣʮ൤ʿɫ̾ϢһΣֵˡ
ϴɫࡣ
ǲȥʮʿȻһ˰ȻЩʿ൤ŵĵλ£սҲһսˣҲšλ潻
˵ʲô
ѾˣκҲǰ֮ˣ˼ˡһΨΨŵŵͷҿӡָս
ϴҡҡͷżλΪͬʿΪڵʬȻ뿪˵صĻʸ桢¡ҪҪɵȥɭ֣ؿǡ
ǲδע⵽ǡ
ʸʱվ¥ĻĻ㱨һɴµգɲǼɷף΢΢
Ҷʦûлʲôˣ
Ѿˡ
СƬ֮󣬻ʸѹеķ¥ңȥʸԼʦ塣
ϴʸ桢֮˳ȥʸ߽ɫƺЩƽı䣬Щ΢΢죬δʸʦйɫҶ룬ʸ΢΢һֱ˳
ôʸڸִϵһɽĵͼº͵Ŀ⿴һۻʸʸʵ
ȥһ˺ɭִ֣Ϯ񡣡ʸ΢΢һƽ˵
Ϊʸһ£һ٣ѯʵѪĻӡȻǧ֮⣬ҲԸӦô
ûСʸҡҡͷѪĻӡֻ֪ȴ޷֪ǷҵĸӦʮ΢Ӧɽδأֻʣһˡġ
ûˡս½ţ鲻㹻ȥɭ֣ʣµĿԼ컯ɣС¶ˣʲôʸһʸҵŮȥһپԹĹ帮һΤĸ˼ҡΤǱǧǰһλǰĺֻѪڡҵĵзʿܻ鵽ǵǴ֮ȥΤҵһϵﻤͱɽȥΪΤѪ¹ϵԶΪҪԴȥҪ顣
ʸĻ
ʸ˫죬ҧ۵ĺ촽ҪγѪڵɣǱҪ
ǣȥ£
΢΢һת뿪һȴĻ

ɽç롣
С֮
һòͨʿһСƬյǰǰʮ鲻֪޵ĺǶѻɡ𡱣ȼգƮƻ档
ЩճĲ𣬶һ׻׼ȷ˵Щû˿¶ȣȥеǵ
ǲԱߣһɳľ޴Ǽܣ׹ϷڵĹԼɼЩʬ֮ơ
⸱ںϢĲçУԵ쳣졣ǱʿֻҪаʿа
Ҷؿɹܲô࣬Щ쳢Ҫ뿪ç룬ȴСû߳ȥܵޣֻСĵطáΪçоܵıסҲ


299 
һɸɫ޺Ƕѻɵ𣬽ȼ˲Ұɫ
ҶںǰϥĿʶĵһöɫУŵ
ֻͨСԪδ𡱵ĹʿҶزδΪͨߣȻ޷֮
ڣ󷨡емأ޵ĺҲȻޱΪԽǿ亡ͨԽʢԽͨҲܹǣƳ÷ʵķ϶ַƳġ
Ҷؽ飬˼Σʶڳ
һУϷƮŵһ΢紦о
Ҷ̸еһ˿쬵ֺ˱䣬΢΢ҡһ£漴һƲҰɫ˳ȥԱ߸ĹǼϣβһǽдڲҰ׵֮£ǸŨܵںڡֱ죬ֱɢȥйʬ뺡ڡ
ҶطʮʱĽɵķ𣬲ŽβһǴɡǸǣϸ˼֣ԵøΪ̽ʵ貹⻪

ôҡڵڣһʪʯѨԵΪ׾
ڶѨڣһ׺򼡣ɵȣԵùϸС
նĿһ£ûᣬǰƺѨڡ
ͷ³ϢĸЩɵʬֻҪմȾһ㣬鷳ɾ򵥵ͷЩͷֻһԴԱܵη塣
ˡĶѨĳѨڶ򼡣ڶڿسѨԷн붴У׺ˣ
Ľ˼ѨòƽͲס㱼͵Ĵ˳ȥѿ綾Һȹҧȥ
ԣ
ȻʹӲޱȵ򦵶ҧڹͷϣȻ˰ߣʹʹõǰϣһҧӡۡĶҺûκӰ졣
Ϊҧǰϣβͣȴĵɨ˹ž򼱳ϵĺڿǱ˺ѣβǸ̵ŨҺ
ʱ֨֨У鴤ܿһɺŨʬסֹ֮ͣ˶׵ľ޴࣬ⳡʵսʬ壬Ҷصǰ
ҶָնССĺɫâ漴ʬⷢȻһöССЦЦӽһרʢĴСȻʣĹǿǡڸһѺǵϣ
ӲĲϡѪʿԸһζ󲹾Ѫ֮ҩѾʬȾҶûʲôôֻܶա
ҶѾܹʶٿ߸ãһЩ򵥵սûȫƳɡ
ͷߺȡֻһ׸õĺǡ
Ȼͽ޵ĺЧ̫⣬Ҳֻܽһ¡
Ҫĵͽ޺ǣܽⸯÿһǶȫ꣬ÿһǶƳаޱȣһǿҵʬ֮Ч
ʱһһĹȥ
Ҷ֮ڣһϰĳѨ⻹˼ͷСѨһЩͽ׵ߣǵĺȡѨɰĿݹǶ
žŰʮһ죬һĸãڱƳȫµÿһǣѾа
ûꡣ
õȻѾϣǻȱһַ
󷨡УֲͬĿַ
һãֻǵƳһãʶʹпƣַΪ򵥡
ڶõĻϣһöƳΪһôʶơԶáһʧʿĿƷΧ׳Ϊù֣Ĵҡ
ҶصĴӴȡһöƴСĺö˿˸ͷ­ȡ
Ĳٿһ߸ĻҪҶķʶĻ߸öޣֻǶһаѡ
ҶѾʮȱڷһ꣬ٶҲûá
ֻнö°õõͷ­ڣҲӵΪһĻķֻҪʶסˣܿսһս𵽱֮Ч
ĵʶȿһҪ߳౶
ΪǿʵڲçܹõȥҶزòð޴ķա
ҶصϢ꣬Ŀ˼һ£ַ̻һ飬ȷ֮ŴϷ󳯸õͷ­Ȼȥ
ŷɫĹ⻪סǿ˸ĺâ֡ߵҶأҲеһǿѹϾⸯǰʵѾ׺߽֮䣬ǱѰ
֮ݰ׵˫Ŀų˿˿ɭȻĻǺɫ⣬ĶҶأƺҶЩӡڱҶ˭Ŀн˿񱩵Թ
Ҷ侲СĵšԼУЩԹҲзɿвдԹͲбɭȻĿ⽥ľնɢȥԹҶصĲٿ£ΧһȦǰſ˳ޱȡ
Ҷʩϣһȥͷĺ顣ǲн׵Ϊǿܹסʵʧء
α߸ʧأֻˡһӵ׸ϡ

׵Ҷܹٱ﷽ԲһС֮С߳ȥ뿪ç룬Ҫ顣
çΪɽΪյ׵أ޻ޣʿܹͣĵط
Ҷزݸǰ̽·ʯ֮СçɽЩȺҰڣǲö룬ֻ½·뿪
ͨ޶ʬΪУҷǳ񣬶ԸմȾѲʬᾡܿ߸ֵĵطһͽסн׵޶ܿ
Ҷظڸĺ棬ڲçϼѰ棬Ѱ뿪ĵ·
ޣҶػܹٿظһս
ֻмʱŻ󴳸߽֮̾أԼϵĸ߽ޡҪǲС߽׽𵤼ʵޣǵıŭϮֻзķݡ
ʬΧʬݡȻ߽ޣҲΧʬ֮С
Ҷصнʵһ׸ֻҪڲçСЩȥǴȺֲĸ߽ޣԱû⡣
ҶʮСĵѰҿͨеĵ·
֪У˳µʱ̽·ҶزŴӲçɽУִçıԵشҶصΪҲ뵽ڵ㾳磬Ϊ߽ʿҲԶˡ
ҶػͷһĲç룬еһ貵÷ȣģаûʲôЦ
ô˸ã׳ϷΪһɶƣٶʧããɽ֮С


300 
ҶؼԦһʮɴƣԼٶ뿪ɽԽϿȣִһƬԭڡ˸ԭ֮һ·ϿʼżǵСģʿڶƴ֮࣬ʼٶѸټպǷƮơ
ԦϷƮͨƲʺƣȴзǳЧֻҪΧдƶ䣬Ʋ¶쳣֮ɵĶܿ󲿷ʿעͨʿ޷һڻǱһʿջɹ
ҶزʱĳŸԭڣֱЩеʿݡЩΪĵͽʿǵװ硢ԭºĶУڸ̲ϸУĲֺ
ҶĥһЩ׹
ڲçǶʱ䣬Լ˵һһѰ·;뿪ç룬һʱ䲻֪бȥˡǶǵʿԣԽԽļսֻǵľѾı䣬뿪ʱˡ
Ҳ֪״ΡΧвͽʿǳӦûбзʿƲǡ
Ҷдš
ĲЩͽʿĶǷȥֱӷǣϴϸ
˾ԵǽʮʱϷ̫ʿ֪ʥеķǻһͽ׵ɫɽͿС
ҶַʮʱȴһȺʮʿǷ뿪ҴϷȥ
ҶɨһۣȺʿߴɵĵӣϤȻҲûᡣ
ȺʿҶضһڸڵͿշУ׷ײĿ¶֮ɫƺҶصһ˳ϣǳ⡣
Ҷʦܣ㣿
˫ۿҪȥȺʿУͻȻһŮͣҶأ¶ľϲʧ
ҶЩϤæͣ£Ⱥʿϸȥ
㡭ʦ㣿
Ҷϳһˣ棬ɲ졣
δλ߰ŮѾ࣬ǸûûָʹСѾͷࡣ仯̫ղžȻûһϳ
һҶؾǣȺʿЩͷƺĵţɫҴҡ
ǣ˿̱
ȥҶصʮʿǰɭִֻ˻Żصǣʿ൤ʿ֮УҶر֮С
ΪˣĹһʱ䡣
λҶʦƽʱĬĬŵģȹɹһһľദӣ֪ôı쳣ѹ
ҶͻȻŻصǣӿֳľϲ޷ơ
Ҷʦܣ㰡һǰȥִ֮ȥˣôһֱûлУôʦֺʦܶ˵ˣУʱʲôˣ
澪ϲ֮£˷ܵߴߴһѣҲҶܻܲشĹ
ɽִ񣬻֮кλʦֵʧɢˣɽеһ׵ءǰЩŸոϻˡ
Ҷر׷ʵΣ򵥵Ľһ¡
Ȼͷôһε֪ǸжΣһԭºʿ¾ͶȸһȥִɣȻһسǣȫһЩ
ҶرոŪһͷˮǽʮѵ᲻ȫ
Ҷغ̸֮䣬ͬеļʿҶغ˵̸Ϊá
ʦãаأ൤ŵʿ
һòãΪӢ䣬µĵӣҶأ˵оҶһɵĹϢǳŹ֡
ʦ֣λҶʦܵȻ൤ŵʿѵһϴ
űӣʮֲõ˵
⵹ǣôỳʦأȻ൤ŵʿǸȥִɡһнʿʤްɡֻҪСЩסӦò⡣
֪Ҷص֮ЦЦмһˡһûʲôнʿпޣ߽ʿҲûʲôв
֣һ⣡ǵľֶһλԱһüĿӢʿ䳰ȻΪҶ̫еζ
ϵܣƾŲϴݣὫ𣡡
Ӣʿļ򣬸⼸λʿЦ
ҶسǰЩʿһۣɫƽüͷЩʿУ⼸ʿȻŴʿΪߣЩš
һЩͨʿƸࡣ
ҶɫĮȻȥʲô
յĵʿʿһۣЩǵҶȥЩģЩʿвǸɸ߲ʿƽʱĸˡһҶʦ֮ºǷڽǣͻʮֲ
ȴҶر䵭ˮʲôҲû
Ǻ⣿
治֪ôģͻȻһµȥһţ߰ɣִ񣡡

ҶЩɻ󣬲һҪԷǡҲûмֶһ˻ȥϴϸǲϴ֮ŮŸûʲôùӳԡ
ں棬һûһ̸ܿŪڵľơ
ڴʯѾãǴάַǳòӸʯ;ʱзʿأʯӦʱʱǴֻżسǵѹԽ
ΣյһΣ㱻зʿڡ
ڣзʿΪҪºԭ;䣬ͬʯѷʿùǵʯ·⵽ʿķ
Ϊʯ˫ļΪҡ
ǰ죬ĺʿһ֧ʮʿСӣһʯû˵˵ĳֲ⣬ǲһʿǰɽӦԷ⡣
ҶؽĬ
ڲç뱻һ࣬ѾѾûйȥֻɵգ洦ɱ֮
ɵĴ󲿷ʿʿѹϣַ󡣾ɵĺʿ⣬Ҳսǰߡ
ͨʿǲսĴˡһʿΣʮαǲִҶִйһ֮١
ֻҪ⣬ʱضʿ֮ļս˵սҲΪʮ֮أҲ
ǵʿǣǳȺӡͨܳǣ⵽ȻǽʿҲ׵һڳ߶
ҶЩϸеһ˿쬵ĺºļ¡
һ˾ȻԦϣȫɽ죬ԽսߣûзʿҲǲСˡ


301 Ѫսԭɷ
Ӣӣʿһ·ɽķС
ҶؽĬֻ˵һЩǽ귢ս£˽һЩ״ʿ֮أ˺ŵĵز
ϿһʱͻȻǰ˼ɵӰӡ
ŵʿ
ǼʿڿɣһСȺʿϿȶ֣ʱϲ
λʦֵܿңŵķࡣ죬ҽ׷¡ǼŵӵУΪһλһͷĽ˫ͷӥʿʿĿ񺰡
ŵķʦ֣ˣ
澪
һȺʿӦźĵӷ࣬һʯǡƺ⵽ϮȻֻʣʿҴ඼ˡ
˵ľϲûȫֱ֣̣Ϊϱ俴жʮɫĹâӷ֣׷ɱʿ
һǵװ֪һȺԭʿ
ɽʿ֮Ͳ֪ٳˣѪʲô˵ģ˵
зʿˣ׼ս
ɱ
ʿʿ׷ɱŭ֮£׷׳Ϊɫ⣬Ը͵ٶȳȥȺԭʿĹâ͵ײһ
Ҷһԥ׳һͽ׷ɽżս֡
ټڵϿȵϿջ˶һʱսַޱȡ
ܵķʿڵõ˴ϢĻᡣһϢͷЩԭʿɱ˹ȥʱʿ׹Ͽȣʿ۾գ£ĿвѪȺŭҵɱȥ
滹ǿʼб
ʿĺǣȺԭʿУȻһһĿ޺ͷüĿŨڣªһİ̺ۣ౳أһɫġʩչǶ׷Ϊ˲㣬²ɵ
һı֣ھ޺ԣתɹأйķ֮⣬˿޷
⻹һɳĽշħտ裬һɨһƬͨʿĻȻסֺһ㱻ѣǿƼ֮Чϴ˷ޱȣһ֮ƥС
Ǿ޺ԭʿǰ棬Ӧսʿգ۹򣬺ʿʿ㱻Хķһҷɿͽ׷ɽѡ
ԭʮɷ֮һľϣ
ʿһϳ޺ݣ޲ɫ
ڹȥһɽѪս֮УȻɽʿҲðһʵǿʿ
ԭʿУʵΪ׺ǱΪʮɷǵʿľʮɷУպһλ߽ʿ
һܹƵʿӱʵǿԵ
ڰľеʿĿǰѾԼ˿ԭʿеָĶʿɽʿУʢһʱ
ʿȻɫ׷ɱŷģȻǰľϡѹַܵңֻķݡɷǣûмʿȡʤ
ʦ֣쵲סǰľϣ
ǵţҪ֧Ųס
ʿǶͬʱϣʿܳ
ʮʿУߴ֮һĵŵż壬Ϊﵽ˽ףӵи߽׷ʵǿƽʱҲϸߣִнӦ졣˳ָҲûа취ָܹסǰľˡ
ǣ˿ȴаûޱȣӶˡ
ΪμģΪ졣˽Ӧֻȥˣ̫ѣҲû̫һ¡
Ҫ֪ԭһɷǼʿμ
֪ȻСǸԭʮɷǱһءֲಢΪĲ࣬츳𡢷Ƚ׵ĲࡢĲࡢʶǿСĲࡢ顭һǰķս⡣
ͬ˲ʿʵȴ֮
൤ź͵˵൤ŵ鵤ΪչȵҪ졣൤ŲȱٺõķŵͬײΪ൤ʿܶĹŵӵġǲͬȻ졣
ҪˣıﶷĹľɷʿҲˣҪǵηսʮµһǳˡɵУ˭Ƶ
ľϲ
ڸʿĿ֮£ôһ˿֮ģӲͷƤȥӴ׳һɫͭСӭǣתۼ仯ΪһʯݴСĴ󶦣ıɫâľϵͷȥ
ʯ
һŭȣȫʩнϵǿͬޱȣѹҲ㹻ѹˡ
ľɱ𣬼ǰһʿҲƣٿذнӲӵĽշħХͭ޶ȥ
飡
ɫɫâҫš
޶ҵһ£ϵĹâʱȥϽšꡢꡱѳһϸܵƣЩԽԽתۼѾָô֡һ£ǿڶΪƬɢ
ǽշħȴ˿ްƤûˡ
꺧ȻˣϱķϣڶȻֻнϵϵǷǿķһ棬ʯƬշħٱʯҪ߳׵ĵϣ
е壬һɲͻȻ׹ľϵɷǰװ׵ġڰľеԼʿҲ鱨ġ
ԼȣΪҪ
ﻹٶȥǰϵʯת̤ɽֻ̼ˡн׷к߽ܶ࣬׷ҲѾԳ˰ľϵʵԼĸ߽׷Ҳֻǰװ׷ϵ˵׼ɥ
Ա⼸ʿڻ£꼫ʿ͵ĺ棬֮ǡ
ľϽǿн׷ϡãҪʿһȴû뵽˾Ȼ¶ӻʿӪУһĭ
Сɱ㣬ӻ֣ɣ
ӵĶмȥ׷ϣͷΧʿȥˡ
ʿ壬ľ֮Ƿ׷ܡƬ̵Ĺ򣬲ڰľеʿѾλ֮࣬ʵǿҲһ˰ܣһʱĶҡ΢ռЩƣȻûеܵĵزʿȫޣֻҲŲ˶á

Ҷһ߲ٿطɽҵĶһԹս֡
˫ʿ󣬶Ƕʮʿʿ΢һЩȼʿ
ǰľϵʵ̫ǿˣ֮ܵסķɨսڿԭʿбĶҡսǳ顣굨ӵİˣǼӿսܵٶȡ
ҶؽľϵĶУзɿĵһ¡ⰢľϵʵƸɭλȪϣࡣ
ϣˮĻӦܸľϽʵʵĴһ
˭ǿ˭治˵
ϣˮϵٿط漫ǿֻҪ㹻İȫ룬ȫˮϵľϡľڽսϽһϣɣһ군
ϣˮѾˣұնһۣڿ϶ǰľϵĶ֡
ҶзɿжŰľϵʵ
ܹѰľϸѹסĻսֻǿġ

˵ף˽ӦûйϵΪΣգڱİȫӲġ
սӮˣͶЩִʿĹͣͷϡսˣͷҲ굣šɲȥλŴʿݡͺͿ͡
Ҷ˿û˼ȥľһȥðеķա
Ҳ̫ԶˣʵҪܻȥܹԴʼգҶض쳣ĵ͵ֻһͽ׷ɽ붷ʱעžǷʧأŻˡ


302 Ͽȶ
ڸľϵĶһһн׷ҿλ׽ʿڻ£Ǳ˻ӪСһսɫңɥѣԼ澡ʧ
ʦֱйǰľԭָļʿɱʿߴʮλ⼶ʿ֣˭ܵסҲʲô飬ǵ֮Ǿ취뿪˵زǡ
ʩչɽڻ˻ʱսͬЩľ˵Ϊ껹磬ǰľϵľ
ʦܣʲô⣿
΢˵
ʦ֣ѾӦ˷ʦ֣ЩԭʿȥȥֻأǱ뾡糷ȥǣ
æ˵
СλʦֵѾȫԭʿսһˣҪ϶⵽ǵβ׷ɱֻ»ûлسǣǱȫӸĩӲȥ뽫˻˲ܳˡҶ˽ӻȥˣҪν
ԥһ£ҡͷܾ顣ߣҲɵҪ˦ˣԺôЩʿʦŵָ
ʦ֣˭ܵסǰľϣٲߵĻȫҪ군ȳˣʦֵܶϺٻܱסһʿǴӦʦֵģֻҪѷӻȥȱʯСʯȥҪǱסȱʯҪŭʦ֣ԴΪذ
˼ߣȰ
ֻҪʯĹ͡ġΨΪʤܴˡ
ڱѣȻ
սڻսеʿȥԭʿʱѾռϷ磬ٲߣˡ
һģ˵ԭսóˣˣʦܣɱΧǣλʦʦ֧סЩԭʿڴ˵أҵȻͷʦܻǣȱֻҪС͸ϻȫڴ˵أ
ǳļƵĲˣһһϷŵĺĵӣҲЩеʮʿǼɶȥ
òϣͷ࣬ʯسǡسǰȱܿɱ⼸ڻǺܹõġ٣İãûʵĻسȥҲõıӵڵ°ȱܲܰʿ£һˡ
ڳڵʿǣȴƿڴ޳ܡȻ֣ԼܻسȥԮԮˣȺʿûˡ
ǵд󲿷ʿԭʿסˣȫսһ𣬸޷ȻҪҲתӵĻֻϾͱԭʿնɱ
ڣеʿǾ֮ܵĵزྭʮѪսþս󣬾ḻ֪ܵͷߡһӣؽһܣֻûмܹѡ
ϣһŰ߲ܺʿȡλãָʿǿС߿ȥĸߣʿûвģʼĳˡ
໥֧ԮߴˣϿȵϿգ˵︽ĸԭϡֻ˻ǣ̫ˣʮľ룬¾ڰ;ϱɱ
沢δ뿪ɷףƴʩչķɽǰһԭʿ֮ǰǸﴫϣҲһߣûᡣܵһƤʮѣҸӻسȥ
Ҷעսֵı仯¶һΡ
λʵĸߵʿʿߵʵӲ˫ʿȻһǶԷһɷǼʿڣ֮ɨ޼ɣսѾԶʿ
⣬ȺִĶʮʿע˵ġΨһȷģܹӻؼѡܹӻ㲻ˡ
沢δ뿪
ͬ꣬յĽ顣޷ô˵ñס
Ҷһǣ˦ڽսʿĿգϵĳ׳һ
Ӵ˳
ͷðźҡͷβʿĵطȥſ޴һ磬һȶںʬӿԭʿۼĵطȥ
ʬʮɷΧΪԵһ¾ͽԭʿĹƸȫҡ
һմȾʬͨۻ࣬󽵡ʿĻմϣʬճ棬˻˻ֱ죬ڵķġҪǻƣǸǲҲ̶ãҧ൤ʿù
ͷͻȻðԭʿһ󲻴СɧҡڴƬۻʬȥҧһڣײһ£޼ɵһʿסͻϮҲմʬ׷ױá
ԭʿп಻Ψǰľϣ˴ĿԲɣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ʿȻĶ࣬ƽʱȴѵһ֡
ԭʮɷǣһʱҲʮʿ֮лȻսҲδлúõĴһ
ͷ֪ĸʿųģʵǿᣬҲһʿɱȡðľԾԾԣһսһǿҳ嶯
һͷȻҲҳ񣬳һ
ľһУޱȵĽշħһ⣬ɨʬвȥֻҪ˿϶
ҶĿһݡȻҲȥշħİʶһУ̰ͷеʬشУڡ
ʩչб¸һط򣡡
Ҷһ㣬תϿȳȥϿȱԵһԾ׹ȥ
ã
ľϴϲ׷˹ȥʲôطֻҪܸúõĴһͺáҾڣԭʿҲʱ䵽·磬뿪սжĲ
ϿŨĻǿг忪
ಡಣ
ҶغͰľ϶ӰʧŨϿڡ

ˣ
Ҷشǧ¼׹ֱ£ʮɵʱëƮƮһʯϡ
漴ųʬ
ͬʱͭӺͽ׷ɽ˳ǰң̧ͷϿϷȥڳ֮ƣԴԭʮɷ֮һ˲ʿľϡ
Ͽ굽ͷ޷ɢŨǱвٵͽޡ඼Ľҵĵͽޣʿ˵Ϊ£ĸ׿нʿ
Ҷ֮ΪطûʿţϤ˵صĻҳϿʹ߾ߣ򲻹ܷܺǱŨߣǶĺõطɲΪ˾棬ԼԽȥ
飡
ľصײڵ棬ʯһѺۣ涼һ¡޴һ΢΢һΪվΧʮ⿴ȥ
ɣҰľһʿʹٿһͷ丩ظҲǷɣ¿ţ
ľûܵõҶصκλȥֻǰһźں֣¶׹⣬ǲδҶصӰ
ѿЦҲٶ˵ϻźȻ˹ȥһӣеĽշħ裬ǰһƬںʬ˹ȥӲɨһֱȡ
ʬȻԵǶȴûκЧ
Ľշħǲ΢ԭΪؽƶɵĸ߽׷˷аħ෨ĿǣȻʬҲ޷ۻ


303 
ľͼһٻɱҲǺǵģԭǳ׵İʬޣҶ׽סƳ֮󣬾󲿷ʵɱ
ƽʱҡͷβƣƺǳ׾һ˺ӦȴΪѸͺˡңǸÿܣҶصʶڲٿţ˼·˲ʿ
ҶʮСĵϿڵ֮УֱӺͰľ϶ȥһ԰ľϵʵ˵
ͰľϲС
ʬƬĴΧʱӶľһ£ȥͰľӲӲľϵĹƷǳ׺һ·ɨ׷
ҶһüͷⰢľϵĽչʬڷϵɱԷʬǿ»ܲ˰ľϡ
زأӳɣͷ˻ʬĶᣬʵڲ񫡣ֱӸҶʹʹһ
ľɱԴ𣬳ĴѰҶزټȡ
ŶôȻ˼УǾһɡ
Ҷع۲һѾмֵףľϵĽлһǣٺһЦһţһɫСΪðĽâ붾֮У˰ľޱȵĽշħ
һâһɫâ׺ޱȵСڴϿڰ˺˭Ҳ޷ѹ˭һʱѷָ¡
ϵԪ
ľĿ¶־ȡһ۾ͿһԪ˿Ǽշħ֮¡ʿȻӵԪǷǳ顣
ַðľԽ˷ܺʹ̼˵ǰʿһʿɱȡ㲻ʿʵҲԺһսˡ
ҶߵĶ˿
ľϵΪ㣬ıͳ־϶ǿҪôͻϮֶν£Ҫôʱ䣬ľϺķ
Ҷ𽣽շħסתִӴ׳һɫСͭӡ
겨
СͭӷϰգΪһɴͭӣҶХһָһһͭ˵һһħľϡ
ľЦ̫Ӽ겨ʲôЧʲôЧ⡣Ϊӵԭ纱Ԫ֡
ϣ
ľϷɿĴһķӡžڱϡһֱԵıַͻȻһӲӵĹâסγһԲȦ
ľΪԭʮɷ֮һӵڵڰ˲ʵΪѾǳǿᡣȻ۷ھŲ㻹һ㣬һһǿķʵ˿ֲĵز
ƽʱʹñ֡
ֳ֮ܵ⣬ʩչһΪϡĻáƳ״̬ʿʩչľ󲿷ֵĸ淨ˮϵٻϵĽӲľϵĶءаĸʴȵȣЧġ
Ϊⱦ֣ɽССսϺֱײ˼ɣΪԭպʮɷʿ֮һ
һӳͬһɸߵĽշ߸ŭĿԲɣϱһɺ˵߳ӲӵĹâҫ۶ĿΧʬٵڻ⣬޷ֺ
Ҷǵ겨ڽӲӵĹȦϣȴɢˣȫû𵽻ѣ֮Ч
ԭȻĻͨл޷֮ȡ
Ҷס
Ȼǵͽ׷أͻϮѣ֪ʿԲˬǵһμʿܹɾ䣬겨סûκЧ
ľѾҶڵλãշħΪһĿĽâǣ֮Уһ³˲ϣֱȡҶڵλá
Ҷطֲд󼱡
֮ǰľϸûչ¶ʵֶѡһ֣ľȫʩչҪȡ
ҶؾȻһʱջͭӣˡͬʱʶٿϧסľϵķ
˫Ŀеĺɫ׹ţϧĵҺſ³һŨĺҺˮǿľϣٷɱİľײĵɣǿͣס
ɫҺīײڽɫâ죬ٵİľϵķȻƲ˰ľϵĻȴҲܴķ
ľƿڴȻⶾҺ⣬ҪֱӱƽҶأȴҲǳĲס
ҶؽľסĿ϶ץʱ䣬æʩչħӰ󷨡
Ĺ
ڰľϿ칥ԵʱҶصħӰʩչûΪһģһġҶء˫໥һģһһ򣬼
䣡
շħ׺ݵһҶظղϥľʯϣɼӲʯĩըѿ
ľϷҶվ֮ԶսշħҶءٶʧ֮Уɴһ
Ȼ֪϶һҶصһǻɵļ
ʶɨҶأʶҲ޷ֱһһӰһʱ䲻֪׷һҶءźáһΪ޷֤ԼܹԷɱ

ľϷֱ治Ҷء٣ûȥ׷
ҶءȴûдŹŨг˳ʹɽľϡ
ľϴϲûж룬һӣշħ͵Ĵ˹ȥһУǸŨгġҶءʱ𣬽շħڵϣľ޶ϿȺ¡ͷҴŨС
ٵģ
ľȫһȴˣŭĿԲǻŭ޴й
СƬִ̣ŨгһҶء
ľԭΪӦˣһȥȴֻǼٵġ
ŨٴγһҶصʱΪǼٵģδȫԸȴû뵽ҶصǱ׺𽣵ͷնæ÷ͱһֵŵס˵Ļüëյ
ĴΣʵʵѰľϸڵĲѪ

ҶشĺܾģҲΡ
ûа취İ취Ⱒľϡľϵıַ̫ǿԶԶǿȪŵϣ͵Ϯ޷һȡʤֻģԼķܽľϵķľ⣬
ľϴ˿оȴҶй֮޲
ڹȥһǿʵʮССѪսཨԭʮɷ֮һʵԸͨʿֵ
ʿףΪһأŸ˼սգ۵Ĺ򣬱㳢Ե˴˲ֶΣôãˣһСթıʾ֮ûռκαˡ
ټһ׵޵쳣ǿ󣬼Ϊʹй֮޲
ϿڷͬѰĴҶһֱزأôķȥԻ
ʱɱˣĺܾܿԼˡ
ľϴԽãԽ࣬ɱԽ󣬴ֲڵ΢΢ðɱҶصģԳֶҡδǰֻͬεĶʿŻĽǲȱġ
ģʲôʱһѲнʿôǰδ˵
ľղѡ
ǿߣҲûһʹͨʿšԼǲǹªšУǱдҶδðͷʿ
ʵҲܹªš
ҶԴɽսִֻйɭֵһѣôһ񣬰ɽç볤һ֮á
ҶǴУȻҲչ¶ǿʵ˴󹦡ӻسǵ򱦶ˣΪҶˡǲҪʲôҲҪʲô͵ġȻŹҶصʵ

һ㹤򣬰ľϵķҶظ߰˰ˣľ֮£ڻǳŲסϿдȥҴҼԦշħɳϿȣкԭʿǱݶȥ


304 
ڸԭϺʿʮԭʿľϼҴҵٻǳˣһˮ׷ʲôˡ
ǲǰľ׷һõʿϿȣǿӦֵ顣Ƕҵʱ򣬰ľͻȻӴϿڻŻŵĳ˳˵˾ͳˣҲӡ
ȻӵİľϳˣҲûʵǿɷǼʿڣòȺʿֲ˶ٺôȻˣɴ೷ߣԿ
ʱ̲Ϸâҫԭʿ˵һɶֻߵԭʿʬ壬̵Ĺߵһɶ
ԭֻʣһȺͷԵʿǼԭʿˣһ㵣ʿԥҪ׷ȥɱһͨȴֲҡ
˵ףǵĵͱľϸŵʣ޼ˡ
׷СǵĹơ
ŰܺʿԾԾԵĳ嶯
ΪʿӣһʿȫΪء
鷢ִ̫ˣЩԭʿһŪ׷Щʲôڶǰľʵη壬Ҳ׷ȥǰľɷǣʧءȺʿܱסѾõĽˡ
ܿ죬ϿһϿȵ˳Ҷء
ҶشϿϣϲ˺ֻۣԵЩƣ
ʿǼҶشӴϿڳͻȻһ飬ǾǰľϺܿҶصг˿Űߡ԰ľϵǿƣ϶ҪǻɱŸģ׳ˡ
ʿȻ֪ҶʲôֶΰѰľϸߵģǰľϴӴϿг˵ҴߣȻҶذȻĸų֣Ȿ˵⡣
ǿҶصĿ⣬˼ݾη
ܹԭʮɷǼʿ֣䵽·磬ֻ綥ʿܹ
ǣҶԶֹڴˡľûռҶصıˣߣƺǳ˿˵ҶصʵܿѾѹ˰ľϡ
ӵǿʵʿм䣬ָһơ
м䲻ˣη֮࣬ơ
һʼҶضһ˳ʱЩʿе
Ҷضǳ͵ĸЩʿжδʲôǿʵҲͰҶصһͨ൤нʿ
Ҫ֪൤ŵʿȻչܿ죬Ǵսһ㡣һҶؼ룬Ҳûһ¡
ֱҶطǾ׵ϿڽľϸߣǸе𺳣еԶԶ͹Ҷصʵ
ڻͷ룬ҶظҶһУֻʵˣ⵨ԡĸʿս֮ʱڳߡ
ڳŵʮ߰ʿ󲿷ֶɢ޻Сʿʵһ㣬ټʮѪսʮɽսĲпᡣ
ǵо󲿷˶ʶҶء⣬û˭֪Ҷصϡ˿ްηͼ֮ģҪҶس֣ǵһ˻
ǿߣֻоη֮ġ
ҶʦܣǸԭɷǣû˵ɣ
żĻ棬ҶصԱߣӣ¶֮⡣
޷ֻǺ˹ʶͷ
ҶɫЩ԰ףҡҡͷĿϿգ˼ڸղźͰľϵļս֮СľѾԭʿԶˣɰһڡðľľ壬룬鷳
Ȼľϵķĵ߰˰ˣٴȥߡ
ķҲͬѾʣ޼ɡ
ڣ΢һЩɵ³ʬ̫࣬Ԫ˲ٵҺҲήҲս½
һ̣Ͱľֻǿһƽ֣δֳʤ
ʿں棬Ҷصʵʱ
Ƿ򣬳ʮɫâٶȸһȺʿܿǵǰҴҺͲ˵һȺʮʿϵϿȡ
֮ǰǴšȱӻǵģȻҪžȱĳŵñָԱ
꿴ʿţһ
Ĺ֮УǸԭɷǵǿƹ£ʿӦһϣȫӸûǡǰȫ෴ֻʿ󲿷ʿš
ôһ£ڳʿֱĴڣûһԸ֪ȥ棬ôһ£ûпһۣҪ˵
á˭ã
Ҳʻڨڨ֮䣬ͻȻ̲һʱһԭʿʬ帽ʬһ˿˿ɫ
̼Ҫ
ס֣ƵĿܣ
ҶشУķƫˡ
ɽʱͷͷɱ֮󣬻᱾ʳʬöʩĵ
ΪˣҶزδֹȥʳʬϵʬ
ƺ˵⣬̧ͷ꣬ɭĺĿ׹⡣
걻Ҷ£һ£òײҶصʱ潫ҶظġһнʿͨҲ
ϹҲסյĴȣԭСӵġ㾹аޣѹҸоСЩԾȽ£
ҶжʱðһŭԼ˲˵ȻͷָҪǲֵ֣Щԭʿֻ»֪Ҫˡ
ҶػûзѾдȺʿŭ
ʦܣʿδаޡţ㾫ͨڴ֣֮ؼɢɡʿõŵؼҲΪ档ֻǺС֮񣬰ܻѡʿؼûʲôɣãкβɣҹšŲʿĪǶа޲ɣ
ŵܺüͷŭȳ⡣
⼸乫ΧʮʿһȲʡ
ģŵŵϼѪˡǴŵʿŲʲô塣ҪǸҶ֣Ӹ򡣡
Լˣָˡɣ̬
ʿ׷Ӧָı̲һƬһ浹ĳȥЩһʮʿ˽ľ֮궼һ֮ɫм֮Ϊ顣
걻Ŀ࣬㵣ô¡
ֻѵһͨ൤ʿѣôôķӦ
ЩʿߴɣȻ඼ɢޡͨСʿλ΢δػʲôӡҲҸȺʿ
ٳٶۣҲԼڷǳĲܻӭҲȡѡƽغò׻һȫˡ
뵽겻ɻں޽ӣԹʿ˸⣬˺ݺݵĵһۣ߷˼䣬Žеļʿͷȥ


305 Ƶ
걻ʿһͨŭ뿪ȻѾԭһСȺʿӦŵӣѾɡҶغ桢ܺʿҲΣյĸ̲϶һͬǡ
ǵʱҶ΢΢һǴδΰۻǣǽʯѾвٵطֱƵļƺǱ
ҶһɲĸоȻѾ˵һɽսĲпᣬǰΣһ
ڳſڴʮλʿ˳ſʮ߽ʿĿܼ飬ȷƣûκαװ֮һȺִʿŵԽڡ
ڳڣҶظӵĴĿġ
ڳڵĽֵ·Ծƹݡ¥լԺ洦ɼȺۼʿٶˣĿ巢㶣ͷԼ飬һԵıա
ڼûʲô죬ƵϢ
ֻʮߴɵʿȴɢޡСʿЩ󲿷ֶǵͽʿΪ˶ɽսҵĶڡЩʿ
Ҷؼ״ɰ̾
ЩǱѵĵͽ׵ʿɽɱεһȺʿ
⣬޴أʱضܻᱻзʿɱ
Ҫҵһû˴ţ֮أǸǳ顣ʺĵطǶ֮߱ءʺĵطҲûá
ھ󲿷ֵͨʿ˵ֻӵɽķݵбѣܱסԼ
ȻΪ˴ڣͬ븶޴ۡñ۵ĲƻȡһСС֮ڳһСݵʿǺõġЩûκβƻĵͽɢޣֻڳҸյأԡʿ洦ɼ
⻹ֹǻسǳأұǲȥִǵƴѪսսȡڳƽĴ£һ޷ڳڡ
еͽʿǣһճ־õɽս֪ҪãʮꡣԽãĿԱԽߡ
ҶֻǶݵĸдָ֮侲
ЩͽʿȣĴҲò˶١ֻȥɭִһ񣬱ЩҪγֲԼȡҪĶǣҪʯƷһֱڲç̾ĵط
ȻصǣֽսǱǲûʱȥЩͽ׵ʿ
ԭʿ䱸
ĳͷϣһʿԶճһƬâҫ۵ġơæХ
죬Ǵ󣬱ǳ
ȥͨλ棬нʿֹɱˡ
һɲǼ䣬ƵǣͻȻЩϥڿտ֮ɢޣھ¥¥ϵСʿ׷׾˳ֻŵĴߡ޺ٵӵĵͽʿ֮¼ѡ
ȻˣҲвٵʵǿʿ޶ԣԵѶмһˣ̧һ¡зʿˣǾʹ£ʲôôСֵġ
ûϷ˭ҲԿǴ󣡡
ŵѡŵɺ൤ŵĻʸȵȣλ˳һϵĺǳأڶʧĵͽʿѹ
ǶʲôϷ򰲾ϷغԼλãж
Ŀɨʿһ˸Ҷӡ
ƮȻϳͷλ档
λڣʿʱĴҵĹǡ
һڰ˲㡢Ųʿֳ鵶ǹ󲽱ϳͷŵԴڳǧʿ׷׳ɽ˳ǳصİС
ҶصȻҲ޷⡣
ʿм䣬΢΢Щš
˴ģĴս״ξ
ҶسΧȥǵϿգͬѹѹһƬʿǧķųĿҫۡ
𽣡Ѫɲꪡ껷ɻ֡⻹൱һֵϡŹֵķûмҪ˵ǵˡ
ԶԶƮĸƣʮ֮أͣ
Ӫڳš
ѡɺʸȼ棬Լԭºʦȼλ棬˫ӪмԻ
Ҳ֪ŭһЩʲôе÷Σʿûֺԭºļλ棬ɫԵΪ˵Щʲôѵʱŭ߳
սϣչ죬ԽԽš
˫ӪʿĵĵȴŽӪѹѹڰյġơСϣܹĿԭºʿȻҪһЩ
˴ʱ˫ȻͶ࣬δ۳ʲôļλ棬ŭķأֹ˺ʦĶԻ
ʣҲζŴսԱ⡣
ɱ
Ҳ֪˭ôһŭϿʿ˳ȥԭºʿҲʼӪɱ˹
ɳǧʿ۵Ӵķɽĺҵĳײһ
Ҷһȣʿȥ
ڵ̲ϣǵصԭºʿӿڳͷʿѪս
ӪĽ棬δֲ붷ڸԵӪĹ۲սֵı仯ʿ𣬾ܵĵռơ
սһһҹ֮ʿĿʼ󳷣˻ǵϿա԰ټƵнʿɱ˳ڡ
Ǵ󣡡
棬ʿ¶Ƿڴʯ̫ˣֻڹؼʱ򣬲ŻῪǴ
ĵִĹǵĽǳ𡣽һĹĻӳǽȻָǣı
ǰԭºʿĻ𣬼æ˳ȥⱻǴڳڡڳڳȥŭʿΧסǾ·һ
ǿĻǴԭʿҲ޿κΡ
ͬȱ㹻ʯͷȺ䷨ǡǴңԶ֮ʯѶȣʿй֮޲
ιʧܣǻˣ˵ľڵľݵ㡣
һսڽƽϢֻʣһЩǵĶڳ
սڶ˴˵ʿеʿæžԱȻεֶޣڸأҩѷƹصʿֻร

Ҷػص֮󣬼ÿһʮձһСսÿ±һĴսۡÿһս֮Ƕưܼ֣û˼ȥݡ
֪ǷΪϴϵĹգҶҲûбǲȥִֻǺʿһμսۡ
ս۵ģɱԭʮɷǡºʮλǿߣԼĶʮʿһСȺʿҪôӵǿķҪôͣٵ֡
У൤ŻʸĻʸϴ壬ȱϼ٣ȵʮʿ
⣬߰ɢޡСˡŲʿչ¶ʵΪۡһСʿսϲϵ¶âɱԽԽ


306 ʿ
ЩʿȣҶȻʵǿȴԵЩ
ҶϿȣ˹ԭʮɷ֮һİľϣʮʿмСΧ𶯡Ҷػ˰ľϵḶ́ûۿڴϿжʱڸ̲ϵʮλʿҲеĹ̡
ʿ˴֮󣬵һӦǸͲš
ľԴɽսеʿѾãʵ˺˵ĳ̶ȣ綥ʿ֣Ҳδռ˵ıˡ
෴Ҷ˭ڹȥһʱ
һʿͻȻð˳˰ľϣ˵ȥ˭ţԸţľΪĳЩԭͻȻȥˡ
ҺҶսҲûи۵ı֣֤ǵ뷨ҶһСС֮󣬺ܿӳʿʧ
ս²ϽУ󲿷ֵʿЩͷʢĶʿ
ҶضԴ˲δ⣬״ֻͷԼ飬ĵɽδϡ
ǾҶûȥأΪѾвʿ֪ӵд
ÿξѪս֮ȥս洦ʿʬĸ̲ϣȥȥڡʿڳһһƵ
Щ֮ķԽǿ
ֻҪһ֣ʿľ̾ʬޣзǳʺƳɵõһޣǿҶػ
ҶظеϧǣȻȡ˴޺ʿǣȴʼûͻףߵ߽ס
ײȻֻһףʵȴ֮һʵޣһȴǽ𵤼ʵޡ
ʶˡ󷨡򷭿飬ҵйúĲֻ֡˵޷ʵܹǿʵȴδҵͻƽײİ취
Ҷصʶ˳ĬһȻ
ʿҪڽڣ죬ʿԺĵرƳ𵤣Ҳ˽ܹͻż
Ҫͻƽƿޱѣοˡֻ¸ʿһƿҪͻƾ缫ѣǻԵ⼸ǲܵ顣
֮ҶضܷͻƿҲٱжϣֻÿս֮ȥսȥȡ׳󣬿ܳɳĵز
ҶؼΪͷԭʿĲĿ;ۡ
ӵһͷߴ׵ʿĲٿ֮£Էӳ൱һŲʿʵӵʵҶرʵûȥע⡣
вٵʿҶصаʿ
ͨаʿΪӴͶӰ飬ݣһ˸еǳĲΪԭߣԸаʿ̫
˵ƺͲٿһ׵ҶؾӴҲǳǣҶȴͨаʿϢ
Ҷ൤ӣżμӴս֮⣬еҩ񡣼ÿձҪ¯鵤ҩ˵ʿ
Ӵ¯Щȫ֮ҲȻûʲôӰ졣鵤ҩӴˣϻһ鵤ҩ֮ϢۺһΪ졣

ʱķɿ죬ҶػصǴԼ󡣴ССһһֵɽսҲ֪˶١ڵʯľòڶʿš
˫ʿ˳ƣѾƣǣսȴֲòȥΪ˭Ҳܲսܵĺʿ˵¹شԭºʿ˵ζⳡԶǰǰ渶ľ޴۶֮һ档
һգԭºʿٶǰǣս
ʿΪһеѪսսϣ˫ʮʿɱݱʱȴû뵽ս֮һ˭ҲûԤ뵽ı仯
ǵĶ棬ʮŸƣңԶŸԷڡơ̲ɫſȴӿŭΣ֮ϯѹǵϿգһӴޱȵѹǷԲʮȫס
⣬ڼսеʮͽʿӴѹ֮¼ʿ׷ֹͣ˶ͷϵĸȥĿоԺȻ֮ɫ
ǳ֮ܿ⣬κʿӰ
ڽʿҲ⣬Ŀ޷͸Ʋ㡣
ԪӤʿ
ɽĵͽʿ˼ȵĿֻ֮У뵽ܡԪӤϵʿܿµ̶ֳȡ
ȻǽʿҲԶԶ޷ﵽִͨ
ǴƬĸ֮ڣһŮʿƺʲô
һ֮󣬸дһۻĴɤţȵӦö硢ԭ硢ºʿɡ˭֮ˣ˵
硢ԭ硢ºļλ֮ˣѡʸɺʦȵ߰λʿûпǣ뿪˸ԵӪΪݹ⣬Ͽյĸ֮ڡ
Ǹû֮ġ
ԪӤʿλ֮ࡣÿһԪӤʿӵлصĴͨҪγֿΪ顣Ĵʿǰûõġ
ڰУλʿɫӡ
ԪӤʿӦóڴ˵ء
Ϲŵʱ½ѾϵԼеĴﵽԪӤΪʿ뿪½ǰԪӤʿ뿪֮󣬳ǳз½ġ
֪⼸λԪӤʿô硣ĪΪɽ֮ս̫ˣԪӤʿĲ
߰λλʿ۵Сۣһãģ²ԭӲͷƤ븡֮Уλʿ
ڣƮͷҰ׵ԪӤʿ
һˣỊ̇ɸߣ׷ͯգüǿ׳죬ԲΪһϮ൤ʿĻҰɫۡƯţ䵭ڽʿ
ԱһɫϵͺͷʿһŭֳַվһͷһľɫĺޡǺſһ¥ڸӿˣ֮
һŮʿ֪ʲô·ԣƮƲ֮䣬Ůһ㡣
ԪӤʿȻθͬһһģһССͼһ磬˺һƬɫĺ
ǰλʿĿһͼжʱһݡ
ˣ
еĴɣ˵ؼء
Ϲʱڣ½ĸɵĸ߽ʿ½ǰ֮ڶ齨һΪӴʿˣˣ֮е֮¡
ˣ½ɽ磬츳ɫһʿ硢ԭ硢º磬вٵʿڶɵ
ĸЩʿˣⶼ½ɵĺĻܡԪӤʿװ硢ԭºʿϰߴ硣ȻǴȥʿּߡ
ʸݼΤʦ棬ݼλʦ棡
ʸķӦ죬мĻ߰һݣԪӤʿҲһ¡
൤ǰʿл
ΪԪӤʿģ񶼵൤֮ڣŵĺʿհ
ʸЩĬģһ۱ϳǰλΤʦ棬߰˰ǰ൤һλǰĽʿû뵽ԪӤʿˣʸг˾ϲ


307 ͣ
ʸİ̵ԪӤʿϲԭġ
ԶڶԪӤʿԵ޹ǡ
»ôӶǰ˵𣬵ʱҶشӻ֮طǣʦڻ֮صһЩ飬ڵ»ʥʡ
¶Ҷ˵ʲôҪ飬ֻȥڵ»еõĺôʵϱĸʸ˵¡
ʸʱʧɫ֪ͬСɡ
ǧǰʥδϹԼ½ʥɽ磬Χɽ硢ԭ硢ºʥʽıϣ׵塣
ɣ֮£򶫺ԪӤǷȡ
Զڶ硢ԭ硢ºλԪӤнʿ֪Ϣ֮󣬲ŭԪӤʿ½ѾȻΥϹԼǾġʥͼɽ磬Ǵǵ档
漴½λʿһпޱȵĴսֽ֮ʱԪӤڸ߽׵ʥʻܣҰʥɽȫݻ١
ʥɹأ˼޷ٵľأ޷ɱǲòʥʵڵص׻ļ̳ıڣʱʥʵԪԪľȻԪӤʿԪԼһǧҡȻǧȥʥȴδֻΡ
ʸεȵǶıķеΣա
ʥʽսؼأĽʿ߰ʮλ֮ڣԶһɽսɱȡѪսʥʽսȣֻһСսѣȫʿʿڴսûʿ
ʸ֪ԪӤʿĿ£ʵȻǲȥǵص׻ڵʥʵġʥʱסˣҲð֮ǰȥ̽
ҶءʷһȺ֮صʿص׻꣬ǽгţ»û濼ǹʥжǿ󣬽ȥ˱˵
ʸ˼֮൤һ𵤼ʦܣԱչص൤ɽʧȻǰңԶĶǰԪӤʿѶԪӤǰʿ¡
ʸܣˮ©
ʱһλԪӤǰ᷵½¡Ϊˣ൤ڽǰʿĻ񣬶һһμġЩڶ˵ǰԪӤʿǾܵһЩ׼
һʱ䣬պǶңԪӤõϢ֮Ҳˡ
ʸճʮĸƣһֻԪӤʿӵеӴѹֵʱ򣬱²⵽˼֣ܿԪӤˡ
ƴѹסĵĿϲнһ۱ϳǰλΤʿݡ
ΪŮʸȥִ˴УȥһپԹĹ帮һΤĸ˼ңʱӵǣưá⻧˼Τǰ׽ĵϵ
ڻΤʿһѾ˼壬֮ءʸ뵽˴ƽص磬˿ҲͲסϲüҡ
һߵݣʿﻹʶȤѡɺʦȽʿϽ¶һ֮ɫߵλԪӤʦ档
ƶˡλԪӤʿĳ֣ȫǵԤ֮⣬Ȳκ׼λԪӤʿĳƺ˵ֻܺĿڳʦ档
ڣλԪӤʿδ⣬ǵߵݡ
Ϸǵԭºɽ֮Լšôһ£ԭºʿôˣȻл֮صԭӪ֮СĪû𣿡
ΤʿָŸƵµǣʮƻսϰСʿޱǰλʿʡ
λԭԪӤʿºŮԪӤʿ򱣳ųĬǵĿ䵽ĿǰԭʦϣȻҲ֪սԭ
ʦһڵ˹ؼʱ
ӲͷƤ
ɣλǰԼʦĻɽ֮ȷԼԼѹˡڿսԭκһԭϵĳ˹Źֵ쫷磬ҩ޵ȴЩֻĵѲ裬ִԽԽңҲסΪЩС£λǰʦ棬ʵǸ
裿ֱ˵ɡֱ˵Ҳû˻˵㡣
Ѻһ䳰ȷ
⣬ҡ
Ŀ֮£ʦһ죬˵
λʿһˡ
λԪӤʿǹˡΪɽս飬ǧ;֪٣Ĺǣ˵ϹʦҲ಻ȥ
ΤʿԺüͷɣֱӳǳźޣòϵͺͷʿ˵ϵܣɱҲɱҲˣôʿճĵ㹻ˣǲǸͣһˡĪԭͽͽγô
ΤĻСǴ֣̣Ǻ飬ǵ겻ҲôôЩģȥִ֮Լȥɣպ˶ӦǱߵĶ
ԪӤʿΪĹЦɿڿսʿԭºʿȻռϷ磬ҪǸˡ
ӣòлԼһΤʿôԸԭʿͣ¡
ˣҿͣսɡǱΪ˿ʿأȱ֡Ѿ׼½һʿȥеͽʿġʿ໥ɱװȥȥΪ˿˵ʣµɺ󱲵ԼŰɣȥʥʷ棬²ǡ
ұߵŮʿʱȴˡ
ΤʿŮʿԼȥ
൹Ҳ÷ԣһ˵
ˣȻΤˡ˶ˣɣҲͱȥˣ˻ԭȥ⣬һǱʿͽʿǰôʿһʿʣµҲ㹻ˣ⼸ӣԭЩ쫷ȥˡ
λԪӤʿ̵֮䣬㽫Ѫս˿ûλʿ˵ء
ǣʦͶλǰ߰շԸȥ˱ԭһԭʿȥЭˡ
ʦԪӤʿľ˿ķԣæǡ
ˣ뿪ɡʸ£һм仰Ҫʣ
Τʿ
ʦѡɺλºĽʿҲæݱλԪӤʿ뿪ƣԼԦڣ˫Ӫ֮Уͣս֮¡
Ψлʸڸδߡ֪ΤʦҪʲô϶ǹڻ֮صĵ»ʥʵ顣


308 
Τʿѯʵʸǰ򶫺ţ˵ʥδд£
ʸæǫ˵ʦ棬ǧȷһӣڶǰȥʥɽ磬˵ص׻꣬ۼ¹ڵʥʻšϱ֪֮¹ش󣬲ҵ򶫺ţǰø⡣
ţĲµȷЩιŹ֡˴з½ȥʥʷĵ»꣬еʥʻʣ¶Ԫʥδв㲻òģԻᴦ
ǣ
Τʿ£ޱѯʵôˣ൤ŵʵ𣿡
ʸæΤʦ棬֮սȻꡣֻһЩʿΧʿδ˼ߴɵĸ
ߴĸֻҪĸԲҡҪãָܻԭʵ
ʦ棬ֻҪԭºʿȥʿϢһ꣬ȫָԪ
һָԪʱӦôˡպҪ⣬ҺݺݵĴ򣬽ǴʹΪֹ
Τʿ鵭Į˵ţƳһߵĲࡣ
ʱЦΪΤ֣ۿǿ˵ķϣ˱ҪǾó˿ﲻʹ죬ǻٴҶҪ֡
Τʿһб£ԭ򣬱ºʿ֣ܴʲôϵܣô
ʱҭסɵһ˫ŭĿϰ죬˵ԭ絥ԭͽͽȥ
ʸλԪӤʿִֹͣСĵĲһڣʦ棬һ飬Ҫ
Ŷ£
Τϻˣ֪Ҫһ棿
Τʿزˣδ½Τϼܳʱһֱûг֮ˣӦѾ˥ˡѵΤ˴䣿ںδ
ʦ棬һλϵѪ׾ڣʿưáʦԵȣϱСŮʦһ档
ţҲá
Τʿ΢΢ͷ
ʸ漴һ⴫븡µڣڳ൤ŵʱפء
ãʸһԼʮĽ»꣬һϸơʸʸǰ̰ݼλԪӤʿ
ڻʸн£ȫ׽縻ӵģʱɫɷףȣλԪӤʿȫһãȻ̬
ʵϣ֮ˣʸپԹӵǵʱ򣬾ͱɵˡţһЩ˵صˣܽܵˣֻһ㣬˰ڲ
Τʿһۣƽĵ˵ͷֶûѯʡѾǧĺᣬѪԵ֮⣬Ѿûʲôԡ
ˡҸطúððɡĺǱʣ൤ѧҩҲΤһѪ
ʸæǡ
ڴ£Τʿδ̫⣬ټ򵥵˻ʸһ䡣
ΤĻʸΤʿ΢죬һֻʸΪټı˫ѣĻ൤ڵĶɹľ֮󣬲ɶ˰֮ġ
ʸŮǱʲͻǱƫ׳ͻȥɡСޣɳҵǰˡǱȥһλȥˣΪͽٴﵽᵤΪӦûʲô⡣
ΤʿֽУȡһɫľƣֽʸ
лʦ࣡
ʸĽľƽ
ʸ¶ϲæл
ʮҪѡɺֻǵ۾Ҫʵķ졣һССƣ²ǱȻԪӤʿЯޱȵ֮;°빦֮ЧʲôҲľ޴ôЩʿҲԪӤʿЯǡ
֮ǰѾģ൤ÿһλǰ涼ڣĲãڵõرȥ˶ܰһλԪӤʿΪʦ൤Żʸ壬лһλԪӤʿ

ԪӤʿϿնݵĶ֮󣬷֮ء
ʸͷ͡
ʮĹɫƲ㣬뿪ǵϿգ֮ؼɶȥʧӰ١
ϿյӴѹɢȥʮͽʿѹǼ޷ϢľʯҲ֮ʧ
ѡɺȼλĽ棬Իʸ쳣Ľȴڴ
ʥ飬ǾȻһûʸ湻ܵġ
ȻҲҪ֪£ҲܸˡܵõԪӤʿʶǧѷĻᣬԵã
׹Ļᣬʸ϶ȥˡ
ֻ취ֲ񶫺ȱ֣һ½ĵͽʿǰʵ˵ʵ
ҲһĻᡣ

գԭºʿʼٳˡͬʱչεͳͳߡǵʿδ׷ˡ
зʿȥ󲻾ãڳͨ棬ɽ֮ս½ͬʱвսʿսּνͣԽ󣬷ȻҲԽ
õķֱͣӷͷءڣĳһʢĵֱ̣ӻѫ׿ԽʿַأԴഫһɼѸٵķ׳
һʹͣǷ鵤ʯȵȡʹ˱ûȻغá
ʮʿ˿̶ӿǵĽͷۿͨݡ
ͷʱޱȡ
ǴʿСʿɢޣеʿ¶ϲ֮ɫǣⳡеĵͽʿ֮ޡʿУвǵѣ֮ˣ˸СϲǣڻųŹɽѡ
ս½мܶʿԼڸأȥΪսʿ̫࣬ĵ̶ճˡǿ԰սֵñǰĵ̣õ
Ҷؿͨ棬ʿȺм˳صڵĽֵϡ
ⳡɴսͻȻսᣬΪ⡣
ս᲻ʵӰ첻ֻҪʯãˡ
ЩģǺսͨһͬ䲼һͨ桪
˵巢ġ
ϵʿʿǼʿɢޣٷΧ֮ڡֻҪѡеʿܾܾбٵʿ£ǰɺִңԶĵ죬붫ӴʿˡˡӴΪЧ
Ҷֻ൤һͨӣܶɻܶȻҲ֪δŵˣʲô
ֻҸʺĵطȵͻƽ𵤾ѡ
ı⣬ǣõѡ
ķУҪʯдָԭϣﻹдʿʿڶУǱ˶Ŀ
ȶȫİĵطճ̶ȣҪ磬ĵ׾ûǰȥðյͷ


309 
ΪԵʣڵĴС¥ջڣڶʿۼһ𣬼ǰ
ԷΪɡ
һСʿǳϲã˵𶫺ζ
ΪѾʿ½½ʿԶҲ˽⣬ȫİ
½ܶǺ
ϹʿҪ뿪½ǰ⿪ɶߡ
溣򣬶·һȥ޻ء
ֻжߣȻкңȴ׷Խĺ򡣵˶֮󣬲ʿΪչ졣ʿȻ
ȥʿǵ˵½˱߽磬дĺޣȻɺһ·գǱߵ绹ġһЩ½нס߽ҩڶϱȽҵ԰ʿʿΪ
ʿҪͻƽƿõ;ҲȥǱߵĻ
ȻˣͬٵʿԶ֮гη塣
ɲ˭ȥȥ˵ġ
ͳ̶ȵûУлɹնĶִﶫĺϡ
ԣΪϵʿʸȥ
޷еʿҪɺǸΣȥ٣١
֮ʱޣΣճ̶ȾһɽսΪ¡ʮڶϵʿԼڶϴʿֻ
ǻ˵ˣȻôߣȥʿǰͺֻ̡֮һͻƽƿϣҲʿȵĳӿȥ½ûͻƽ𵤵ĻᣬȥҪõҪһЩ۵ġһ֣ΪԪľðն˵лáͽʿҲס
ЩѾﵽˡŲ㣬ȴٳҲҩͻƽƿʿǰðյͷǿȡһڶ߽ʿҪǰ
գ˵͵ÿһɺͼ塣
Ҷεķ֣Ȼ൤ٵ֮СǻʸԶģ벻ȥС൤ڣһλ棬Լʮλʿǰ
ȥ֮ǰжµʱ䣬ñŵʿ׼һӣ൤ŵĽʿһͬǰ

ɽͣսսٰ֮֮дսɽɱ¾ԵһƬԭۼǱѵʿʿ׷뿪ظԵءʼʿӰ
һգһһɽĹâ뿪ǣһӶȥ
ʮ֮
âִڵسǡ
һһŮ൤ŷεʿ̤ɽسǵա
ӣòȻͨԵõ͵ºͣм󡣵Ŀȴ侲֮ɫ
ŮɴһϮ£ƮƮȴǾˣȻűɴ彿ݣǱɴ֮£ѩ˫˲ֱӡ˿̸ں󣬲ʱһӣżʹͷ֪ʲô
ڵĸССɽˮƫƧѷδ⵽ɽսĲнʿǰ˵չ
س׵СǣͰĳǽ洦ɼݺưʧޣʮǶڳſڣЩǣӡë¿ǵũҰա
ǧɽسǵϰոһյĹƶ
ʿسǴһͷȥɴŮ͵͵ĿıӰ
ɵһЦ
ڿʲô
û
ɴŮһ죬ϣæƲĿ⣬𴦡
ʿûȡЦָ·СǣЦСسǾҵļ硣꣬Ҳʮ֮꣬󣬾һСᣬһλʦִõһɼؼʼɷָоҪǵûѡǲṦֻҲ̤;
ɴŮݣЦԵеɢʿ̤;γˣҪǻԵɺɣֻҲûϡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ˵Ц֮䣬ͻȻס
س̺լԺ
һʦֵļҡ
棬Ĵ
ţһмϤӰи΢ȳĺֱ׳¯ǰĴϡԿͯʱģ
ţ
Ҷصվڷɽ֮ϡ
һ
ţ
լԺڣһ˵ĺ
Ҷϵɶ£
ɴţæ£ܵլԺͷ񾼾˲˳Ժɹ̫һũŮˣƺǳɴţϱһæкԺڻмСޣ֪ļҵСѶλ˸ֺǺֱЦ
լԺĶͷȴһֿȭĿ׳Ժľ׮ϰգһ˫ƴĺ죬һֵľ硣˲ˣҶصڲҩõʦһɡ

Ҷλ񾼾ˣá
ߵװһݣͻȻĻ뿪سǣǰȡɵʱڷ֮ɼ鵤鵤Ȼ޷ӳ׷˵Ԫȴ֮ЧдţӦòܲʹ֮ࡣ
Ҷһתͷʸʵĸʿأ
ҪһϴϣӦЩ
ʸգ۾
һ°ɣҪ֪˭ţһɴ˫׳ʮ꣬Ҫóɼҡңÿһˣ֮ڣ׽ٻ󡣡
Ҷƽ˵
ţԴѯϳϡ
ʸ˵ͷ
ӴȡһޱȵﴫʩΪһ⣬ǷŶȥ
ҶشϣһСʮɴĸƾسǵϿƮţլԺ
֮󣬻ʸõϴϵĴ
ϼнܣĲ㣬ɽսɱˣսΪ͡ǵĻߺСûʿѡд˵ء˽Ϊнܵءнܵõͣǰİ;С
Ҷصнܣԭأһн˵㣬ǳ顣ûɵ룬û뵽ˡнܱϼһ㡣ϲӦûسǼȥĲø硣
һ£Ӵȡƿĵͽ鵤
ȻһºнܴҴҸϵسǡڳ⣬ҷظڴݲͱ硣Ȼҷظڳƿ鵤һֽ䱣سڵĳɼҡҰ긻鵤ΪлЩ鵤ڶͻƵ߲㾳硣
нȻ֪λǰʿµġһ˴ĺ񣬶سĳɼҺҵҲʮ־ģ֪ӦøĳλǰʿԨԴ˿׸󣬶ʿ˵ټҲ顣
Ҷغͻʸسһֱһ¡δнܰҶҲڡֻҪнֻҪţһɻţܰȻȹꡣ
ÿֻԶԶĿլԺ˫׺յֵܡ
޼֮ʣŷǣ׼


310 
һҶغͻʸǡ
ɱٵʿԼһЩɼɢޣǣһͬǳ
Ⱥʿǧ֮ڣƺƵ½ĶС
ڰ·ϣǻԭǰһȺ߰ʿϡ֮ǰոմսͷĳδ⣬Ͷ࣬ûһ
½νɽڶࡣɽ硢ԭ硢º磬мɽѡ½ɽ֮ս˷ÿʮϰ꼸оɵɽ縲µɽ
ʿԼһ࣬Խɽ磬һȺʿŽִ½˵һƬϣһΪĵط
ƫӴ½һ磬ԭֻһС壬ʮºĬĬš
ʿͼ뿪½ǰðգѰҺҩǷִСɺΪ㣬⴦С彥Ϊһ
˵Ȼ򣬹ģȴ˿С٣ֻΪûǽԲδԳơƼ½Ҫɺǰеʿٳ̶Ȳκһɽ硣
еʱ䶼ʺ϶ɺ
ϳ괵쫷磬񱩵쫷ȸ߽׷ϵ˺׵ĺޣЩ쫷ʿв󣬱뾡ܿǽʿ쫷磬Ҳǳͷۡ
ĺϣżҲֶݵȶƽ˾
ʱڣҲǳʱڡ
ʿ̶ͨɺⶫȴƽ˾ʱÿʱ򣬶ڶʿӿ򣬴ǰе
ʿִⶫʱ򣬶𱩷磬գ޷ɺ
ڶϣһٺĴջס¡
൤ŵʿɾŴеλ졣λ֮ͷģȻ档ȥϤϵ
ڿջڣ൤ӷԸ
ǰĪ⡣ںϿɲ½һȫ޼࣬ǲͣġںϰҲһͣС졣һУҪʱ֮ãһϣ׹
гҪԾǧḷ́ķʱ䣬ִܵǵĿĵضе
Ȼλ潫ǰҲ޷ȫеĵӡÿλӣҪܵһӦ׼֮ǰѾÿλ·ϰٿƷʯⶫڣҿϹһЩɺõķƷЩ׼ϱƽǱ
ǣ
൤ʿӦŵ
ˣ׼ȥɡ
Ȼʿ£ڶ׼

뿪˿ջҶر򱦵ȼ൤ŵͨʿڶĴ䣬㹺򼸼õķ˵ҲɺϣȻһ㣬Ҳǰ
Ǵ۽硣
ĿģںߵĲڴͣʮҾ͵Ĵ󷫴ÿһҶʮ¥ߣ;޴󣬼װǧˣƽء
ϼΪ󣬶ϵȵĽʵľľƳɣľͽľϵ齣޴ķ緫ͬԸ˿Ƴɡ֪һҴ󷫴ķ֮޴
ϻŸɷĺͼΣÿһϻƵĺ޶Ȼͬ½ʿ϶δЩޡ
ҶЩޣ΢
ڻ֮صĵ»꣬ʥʹǽϣٸޣһСֺ޸Щ緫ϵƺЩơʥʻƵĺޣӦþǶĺްɡ
ڴڶΪʿæµŴ󷫴ĴĴ󷫴׷˸޷ֻʿ֡
֣ǳӦò÷Щ󷫴ʲôʿ⴬º𣿡򱦾棬ܹȥסһ޴Ľʿѯʡ
ǰЩ󷫴ǾɵںϵһƮÿһҴ󷫴ǶպĽĳ֮ġ
ǽʿһλʿѯʣæ˵
ʲôһСɽһķɽȻ˴󷫴ȥʲô򱦴һǽʿһһ˵
Ҷؼ򱦶Щ󷫴ȤҲһЦ༸λͬʿǣڶߣǷԼõϵķ
ڣ¥뻹һרŹʿķСƽгǧʿסɺʱƼڴ˵صʿԼ
Ҫ֪ʿ½صɽ磬ÿһɽ缸زⶫȻҲǧٹ֣
Ҷڷڣ洦ɼʿڷŵĵ̯ɫԼԭϡ
Ľݾĳƶɵһķ٣ԳʱշУʹ÷ɽ㣡ֻҪٿƷʯҪĿ
ɽн׻ϵɽ΢ֻһǧ߰ٿʯ
˭ҪţǣϵȵţǣƳɴʮ֮Զˣһٶʮʯ

Ҷشӷޱȵĵ̯һ·ȥҡͷǧٹֵԭϲ٣ϧЩ͵Ĳϣò󡣸ֵͽסн׵ķҲȴⲻҪġ
ͨѾˣɫСɫСɴ⻷֮࣬ʮ֮࣬ϡ
ĴⷻȴҲ
Ҷ˼кöֻҲ̯ϵͼһ£ǰһ󡱸¥Ĵ̣˽ȥ⺣ΧЩ̸¥УһңӦûкö
Ҷؽ˸¥Ŀȥ⺣һ㣬ʮλڵͽ׵ʿڻ̨¥ڼڵỤ̊ǽЩЧá
˵Ҳ澰ⶫʿԶʿ࣬½ҲǶһ޶ĵط
һλŮ̴Ҷһ£ʮͨǮʿҲδ⣬˹ܺһĵͽ׷
ҪһЩɺƷ֪ʲôϺõˮϵûУϵȵԭҲСҶֻĿһ۽ܵĵͽ׷ûٶơ
λǰЩС߽׷ԭϣ۸ʮְ󡣡Ů̳һ£ԥҪҪҶȥ
ȥɣ̵Īǻ¿ûǮ
ҶĿ
ŮҶرĿ£ѹһССʿʸһнʿңǰ룡ԥæҶ㡢ȥ
Ķ㣬н׷͸߽׷Ͳϡ
Ҫ£Ҷһ߽׷þͿˡǰһ·Ѳ⣬һñ֮ǡ
Ĵ㣬һʺڶʹõˮϵԱʹáɲԼ˺ϣŷ׼㣬ûʺϵķãǿᡣ


311 ͡ͼ
ڵĺһ¥󡣵µ㶼һЩĵ͡С߽׷ԭϣûʲôͷҶضЩﲻ⣬ҪõĻ
Ůһλн׵Ļ߳ҶصĲ¥
Ǻƹ¥ĻﶼҺһƷʺʿʹáΪȫģҼ۸񹫵㣬ֻнܽ룬нʿһЩõϵƷˡ޷ȥˡ
ںĸߣרд㹺طĿˡҶػͨ¡ѥûһ֮ƷǮƵʿ
ҶҪߵķȴ˿֮⡣
߼ˣɽЩʿƽʱ缫ΪͨճҲڼģǹʱȴּΪˬֻҪеķǲϧ
϶Цݣд
ǺãĲ㿴ɡ
ҶصȻ˵
Ͳţⶫָ̺󣬻ҲһƷ
ϲõĴҶأ˺¥
Ϊ¥ƷڰʿࡣϾǮƸԣͨʿЩĵӣȻһǮǼ͸׼ҪķⶫֻЩͨʿŻڶʱɺáͨʿû̫฻Ǯơ
¥ĴҶؾĿȥҲʮʿѣд󲿷ֶˡŲʿǮ򶥽׷
⻹һЩʿڸ¥ڡǿʶҶɨʧ
Ҷ֪Ǻʶİȫû⡣
λϵܣⶫӦǴǰеɡڶһӣȳⷽзḻľ飬ƼɺرƷɡ
һɺرƷзһ׷ٶȣԽԽáɺʱһںΣգƾ˷վһķ͵ķз󲿷ֵʱ򣬶ʹķ͵ķзԽԼзֻãӦ󲿷ֵ
˵ţӺ̨óһССĽУСĵĴ򿪣ȡһԲͳĽɫССŨ֮һ֪Ƕ׻ɫ
Ϊһֶзƿշٶȱȶ׷ɽҪ϶ɵҡȻˣĵķҲȷɽ࣬׷ˣǶΣգʺϲˡۼһٿƷʯ֪ϵܶ׷Ƿ⣿
һ߽˵ĹЧһߴҶصɫ
ǣһ׷ûܴҶصϿκξɫƽľ񿴵ͨһ㡣
ɹˡ
һʿҪܹһ׷޲ϲ񣬵ɱһ㡣ҪǼ۸̫ھͱʿȥˡ
߲ɰüͷ
Īλ˸ûֻ⿴Բһ£
ȻһܣǾλ˵۹̫ߣ̫ޣ׷зֻǣδ̫Сһ㡣
߰˳ǸûôǮ򶥽׷ȴӲ¶һмһ˵ı顣
Щ
֪ǣҶشʱл󿴲ۡ
Ҫ˵зʥʴõġϡٶȳ󲿷ֵķз
𽣣ıͨĵͽ׷ɽáЩ㹻ɺˣûҪһٿƷʯһòϵĽ
൤ŵʱÿȡнٺҲһƷʯѡζɺ൤ɸÿλʿһٿƷʯ׼ɲΪһʯˡ
෨Ͳÿˣ֪ɺرƷʲô˵
Ҷ뵽˵
Ƣãʮֿ˵ڶɺرƷȻˮϵڶϣˮΪŨϵķһ̶ȵ½ϵ½ΪΨˮϵᱬһء֪ǷʹˮϵƼһĽǹ飬һˮϵ鱦˿ȷͣڶʹʺϲˡ
һΣߴӹ̨ȡһ鱦Ҷû̫ʯûҸҶƼ׵ķѡһ͵ε鱦
ҪʣĶɺرƷأ
Ҷؿһҡͷ
ºȪϣõˮ飬һǳˮϵ𽣡鱦ɱȷԶˡôȥһ˺ܶ鱦
һˮϵ濼һ£ʹҧ
߼Ҷҡͷһºˡ
׷зҪˮϵ鱦ҲҪⲻǴǲһ£ǿˣǰ˸ҪװѾʲôϣ
߻ŭʣµĻ˵ꡣ
ɺرƷơȥеһ·ϵ·Ƿ㣬亣ɥδ̫ҡô㹻һõƣɺʱָ
ƽдһϵƣʴ𡢽¶ʺʿʹáÿһͰʮ«ķʡŵȣɺϽһꡣ۸΢Щ۸͵һͰʴҲһٿƷʯ
һɺرƷһݶͼᡣ
⺣ͼԽϸԽãԱʧ򡣱ġͼᣬϹʿɶǰе;ֵľ󲿷ֵС档ÿʮ궼ỻһΣ¼·ֵĵ졣һݵͼᣬҪʮƷʯ̣ҲȱϸĶͼᡣ
߸ɴѺɺر֮һ˵˳ȻҶҡͷֱˡû˼źλֻʿˡ
Ŷѡͼҿ
ҶһȤƷ
ڻָƣֱϸ죬һֱ档Ѿڻ˺üľͰİٻ㹻ɺõˣ蹺
߷Щá
⡶ͼᣬ۸ȵһн׷ˡȻɱϾǷ֮սƷһֱǺٻ֮һ
һ鱦ʿỨǮȥһݵͼ
Ȼ죬Ǵӹ̨ȡһݡͼƲᣬҶءͼúĶƳɣ޷ƣ⺣ͼᱻҶظ͵͵һݴߡ
ҶûߵĲ졣
򿪣עЩϸֳͼΡ
ͼĴ½ھ룬ֻռһС֡ĺϣһЩ֥СÿһС˱ע츽ĻЩ޾ûЩΣյ׵زܿȵȡЩСڶɢţһֱ쵽Ŀĵضе
ҶԽĿԽ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ȼ൤ŵĽɺ·ĿԲ󣬵б޻һݵͼǺõġͼƵķǳ꾡϶Ҫһݴϡ
һ£ݾɡ⣬ˮϵǽϵϵ֮෨ϵʺںãֻҪǻϵľˡ
ʲʲôҪ򷨱
ֱӾʧŴͣ¼Ѽȥ


312 ҫ
壬ôˣ
һüĿĻŮӴĲ¥һ侲ң߳ŮԼʮ࣬νСӯȴŷͬһ崿µʡΪҲͣ׾硣
峺Ŀ⣬ƹҶأѯʵ
С㣬Ҫǵ󷨱
̫Ծ˵ЩȻˣΪҶһͽ׷ʿھȻҪ󷨱̫ˡ
ŶСŮᣬǺٶҡλ򷨱
ŮĿҶؼۣҽһȻԶʤһķ̣Ҳûжٷڣϡ֮ǿ̣űֻҪ˸Ǯ⺣еĻﵱȻڡ壬Ǹڻļ
תͷƹȥ
شС㣬ڵķֻˡףȡС׻ƳɵףԻ˽ʿһʿϼǱɣֻһΣ˱ûڻһöסɰޱȣǶ֮СΧĺϷ籩ʣʮϣǽʿԶƶɵķɫУ
æػ
Ů˵ͷҶص֪£еһ
ҶطɿĿһ¡
Ͽ϶ǲҪ
ɰж֮ЧͬҲϵ⼸Ҫ˷ϵʿǶҲûҪʯȥ
õӦˡҲûָ˽ʿҪǺͽʿϣ֣ͱʿɱ
ǲϧ㹻ˣȱҲֻһΡΪһΣķѴʯЩ
Ҷԥһ¡ˣζɺǰеԱסΪأЩǮҲϧҧ¡
Ҫ˵Ů
ͻȻԱ߲Զһݵʿ͵Ա˼ҵ
ʿԵ÷ǳǣãҲһĻҷҲûݹ񣬼ֱһͷϵؤһҲںԼģóһɫĿʯ£
ʯǴɽĽɽġƽϵĶʯҪҸҪʯãӾǮҪǵһ׽ϵôͲа
ǵԱҡͷмƭ˭ʯзŵɫѤޱȣ鶼ȴǾ飬Щ͸ҫۡҴδʯģֵĿʯŪ˭
Ǹݵʿˣ͵Ĺ̨ڽɽɽѾǧ࣬ŲģɽϵĿʯôͲǽʯ
˭˵ɽϵĿʯһǽʯҪǽʯҶ˵Ͻչǰǲǣɲеĵط
ǵԱҲˡ
̫ң¥Ĵǵ֡
ҶزüתͷȥĿһɨǸʿǿɫľʯϡ
ҫ
ҶضʱһԺзɿһۡ
ȷǽʯǽʯǧɹľ飬亱ԶȽʯҪˡ
żڣжԭϵļء
ҫ˿һˮɫ𾧡Ƴɰ࣬ÿһͱǧݵԭϡԭϣԪȫַͬƵԪ
һ׵Ԫһɣɴн󡣱ϹԪӤʿϽΪƷԪͬʿн޵С
Ҷ붴ĵص۽ӱߣֻõһɫ𾧣Ƴ𽣡⣬һλºʿУһ˿
Ѿԭϡ磬һֱδҵԭϡɣļԭϴ治šû뵽Ȼ⺣⿴Ҫҫ
Ҷ˿ûгɣ̴˹ȥڵλ֣ӦǽʯȱһʯƷɽأҰɡҪʯ
ǸʿҶҪĿʯʱϲϲǵԱֳҶ˵λֵʶһ۾ͿǽʯһĽʯöѽϵɽˣҲະۣһٿƷʯɡ
һٿƷʯʯۣҪȥҪˣҲһ򵽡
ҶȡһװƷʯĴӣڹ̨ϣ۾ûգһ£ĿⶢǸʿ
Щš
һٿƷʯһʯǴˡһȽʯĽҫȴǮ򵽵ģٻҪֻϵƷʯ࣬޷ó
ɽ
ʿԾĵɴ۾һӵʯһֽǿĿʯҶأȻɿһѽҶǴƷʯ˹ȥ³Ҷػᷴڡ
˵ʵڶķڣ˺Щ̯ļ̣ĥƤӣ˵ǽʯҲûԸ߽ģֵĿʯʯˣֲɡҪںҶأҲ֪ʯҪòȥ
Ǹʿ˿ʯǮҶصһǣҴȥ
ҶغЦɫĽҫ봢Сԭϵ֣˭Ҳ³õҫԪѾаƳеʣµһˮͻƳɰ࣬ԭϣҰɡⶼǿϡ֮
Ĳڣƹ񼸺޷ŵĲ˲۾Ҷһ־һٿƷʯֻΪһ;ĿʯţҶصȷǮķ
ڣвʿ¶һ֮ɫô¡
ԶλŮٶңɻĿһĻ
ǿʯȷЩ֣Ҳδ
Ůϸһ£ͻȻ˫һ
ɽɽġҫɣ
ϵʯ
鱾Ҫ䵽еķ⣬ȻˡҫҪȥʶĽʿǿܷϺüļǮ
ղŸµǿʯǽʯҪϵɽҺһĽʯȻˣеԽңɫĿʯʦһʲôʯֵ١СŮʺϵļǮ£ø³Կ㿴Σ
Ů˹ȥһƽɫ
ҶҲ˵ֻǿŮЦЦ˾ǿʯó
ŮĶţڼЦͼƭǿʯ
ͼ޷óѣķ϶ʱ¶߷ɫݺݵĵҶأߣ֪ô־ʯֻнн׶ѣҲɽ
ͲСˡȡҿ


313 ٴ
ҶҪס
ŮδΪѡȻҶһѽҫߣⵥ⻹ҪġתԸƹ񽫺Ǽȡ
ƹӦȥˣҡһһ󺺳Ǵһʿ˫һ̴ϻӡ
ϻƺװһƷɫףֽŶ΢΢Сޱȣڹ̨ϴ򿪣ٽϻһ㱡ƿ¶һöȭͷһŷƵƾɷӡԱ߻һŽɫֽ
һλԪӤʿСٵһףӡ档СھŲʿڼͻƽƿ֮ʱµ֮١ͨʿû׼֮ʱ򵲲ס׵ġŷֽһǷӡֽһǱѷɷֻҪűѷӡױԱһסµķԵס׵ֱӱƬ׷ǸõķпǿססʹʱǧСģǴɷΧ֮ĵˣԼöףۼǶٿƷʯҪҪԼŰɡ
Ů䵭Ľ˵
Ҷ΢΢ͷʶ̽һ
СٵĴ׹Ųʿڽᵤɽٵʱ򣬼һСУСٵĿֲ
öȻӡţȻɢһļµǿ׻Ϣ׻ϢʿżǿϻӹĴ󺺣ʿϻӣľ
Ҷʶһ£ȷһƷף¡ǮȻ󣬶ֻһΣһȫֵá
ǶǮԳٿƷʯסҶشӴȡһѾ׼õСƿһЩƷʯǲõֻ鵤ȡ

Ůɫ΢΢һ䡣
ͨ鵤ڷ϶мǮǸСԭϣĺҩ㼫Ϊ󡣶ƹ̼ѣͳ̶ҲʦƳÿһǳ
Ҫǣûʿڷ
κһɣʿõ֮󣬶ԼҵĵӺʿǿʵó鵤ҲûطֻиЩйϵʿŪ
ңͬڶڵӼŮ׵ܵܡһöףܻ
ŶôĻ
Ȼ㲻뻻ҵȥ̿϶ҪЩҶЦЦҲ˵Ҫˡ
ɽ
ŮԭΪһҶأǼҶɴ࣬һ˲æӦҶǷиԸͨͨ¡
ҶżȻõ׶Ļ롣
ŮΣɿļǶö֮˵ƿ
ҶҲУ뿪й䷻еĿģѾϴɡȻûˮϵٺķˣٵȥơ
ȴһΪͷԣŽ֮ʿĽ裬ʿĻ£Ҳ·ĳ˽Ĳˣͽʿ
Ҷز㱻ײϣһüͷ
ղǸʿأȥˣǵĻŽƬͷӣ̨ܵǰĳŮ¡
Ұ׶ʲôңǴ쵽ҺңҺҰĵطŮһӣʱ֮ɫȵ
ϣǸǸҿɲµģˡ
Ұ׶ƺ⣬ڴڶµղûһʿһֵĿʯﷷҿʼΪƭӣȥҵһ˵֪ǽҫȥˣÿûУ
û
Ů
˺ôûҰ׶СӶŮͻȻ뵽ʲôŴھˣһǱˡϿңҵǿʯҵҪ֪Ų϶ҪԵҪ
Ůɳһ¡
Ұ׶ǲݰһûݰϵȴǶеʮλʿ֮һʿʮˡȻҲҴҵʿ٣Ҳ׵λ
ٴ֪ʿѾˡǿʯλµֵܡٴҪʯ򡣡
ߵȻ֪ҼҲ׵ʱڣָָ뿪Ҷء
Ұ׶ҪȥҶأæ£أǿʯϽҡ
Ҷûᡣ
ಣ
Ұ׶ͽ׵Ļһ㣬Ҷظסһ󺺣ŭۼٴ˵أǿʯϣ
ڡǸǿʯѾˣÿ
ҶǰļͽʿһȦƽ˵ȴû뵽⼸ʿȻǳǿҫ
֪Сү˭𣿶ĸ֪СүĴ֪ҵ˭ô棬˰ɣʵѿʯ
Ұ׶ȻŭԲСӣıָҶشûǰȥԼжٷ֪ġһʿʿһֻۡɼҶ¡
Ҷһ
Ҳٰݵʿûġʲôٴٴϵǽô
ҫѰ˺þãòżȻõһ飬øˣ
൤ſλ棬ⶫϡ֪Ұ׶λϵû⵨ɱ൤ŵפȥȻλ൤涷
ǰʿǧ֮ڣʮλ֮ࡣ㶫ĵͷߺҲδظҸһʿ֡
ﲻòһ£طصʿʵ٣вǳڱصʿ۵Ķʮʿ󲿷ʿǴġ
ǿʵҲЩ½ɽʿЩʿԸ磬ȺӶɺǰеʵԶССĶϵʿɱȡ
ҶشӸⶫ򣬱൤Ŀ˽⵽ȻҲûʲô
Ŀ⽥䣬һְڴϣСʿȻҲǵͷϣǲ֪
Ұ׶ǼҲҶصʵֻΪλʿӦÿҶأŵΧ
ڣնʱ
Ұ׶Һ¡ҪطǣҸҰʯȥ˿񡣡ŮʱļС
ڵʿõŮķԸ׷˳׼ֹⳡͻ
ŵš
¥ݴһܼһȺʿ˺Ĳ㡣ףϵôֻȺʿм䣬һˬ¥ݿڴ
Ҷ̳¥ݿڿȥ
ֻһʮʿĲڡ
Ϊ׵һλɫ΢ֵʿȻʷΪﵽųɵĶʿʷʮʿս̵ʿҲġϵΪ
Ҷز졣
λ֮صս̵ʷˮҵطȥչͻƽƿôҲˣ


314 ٺͱ
սʮλС߽ʿһ֣Ұ׶ʿƶʱһأ˿ʷΪѾڵ۷壬˽ϵʿ֮⣬ܼڣҲû˭ܺᲢۡ
ʷ֣ôڴ˵أ
ҶصľȣֱΡ
˻˵ˡһұǴ㷵ػ֮ȥġǻ֮Ѿûжʿֲٴȥɴⶫ򣬴ȥеΪ׼ɺķѾˡ򼸼õķأûϵܡ
ʷЦ͡
Ȼ˵򵥣޷˵Ŀԡ
ʷ壬ҶصʮʿұұööеöʷС
ʷͨϡȴûʦʿ޷
ʷҲ׽޷εʿȥһֱţҲٳ޷ͻƽƿ
Ѿһʮ꣬ʣԪࡣ
ɲɹ˿̶ȥʮս̵ĸʿ׼Ӷǰ
ʧܣ½޷ᵤðգѰᵤĻᡣĶ򣬳ﱸɺ֮¡
ʷЩȴ޷Ҷ˵
Ҷ΢΢ͷƣ硢ԭ硢ºʿҪȥ֮صʿҲˣľ湻ҵġ
ϵܣ｣ţô£⼸ʲô
ʷɻʵɨҰ׶ͽʿĿ⽥ԿԿ⼸ʿҶػе⡣
ҶЦЦʲôǼλƺƷȤ
Ұ׶ҶغһȺʿʶǼԾɫ¶֮⡣Ұ׶ȴûз˼ǿӲҵǶĴҪǿʯðҽȥҵˣԲ˶ߣ
ʷͻȻЦȻתͷһըһɷУҰ׶ȥٲߣͨͨǼ
Ұ׶ͷˣ޷ﵲס񱩵ĺֱͷĿѣ˲˹ȥžӳ˺󡣡ǸҵţһȥҵʰǣԶԶҰ׶ļ
˾ȻҲܳɹ
ʷҰ׶ߺ¶һмתͷҶЦϵܣһͬΣڴ˵ϣԵĻ飬һǰҪԸҵͬУս̣ʷֵܡպҽҽᵤҲֵܡ
лʷֵ⣬ѾһͬǰͬˡҶҪȥе˵պڶеϡ
ҶЦЦܾ롣
ʷѾע⵽ҶϵһСС൤űǣҶȻ൤ŵʿ
ԥһ¡
Ҷһĸɵʿδ̫⡣
£Ҷؼս̣ʵҶذƽ𵤡ҶأмΡұҶزδͷ˵Ҷضûжʲô̰
ʷͷת۱ˡ
Ҷᣬ൤ʿҲûʦʵȻܹҶءҶȥ̫ðգὫϡ
Ҳգϵͬʿ棬ȥҲȫЩǱ㶫ٻɡ
ʷǿ

Ұ׶һ˹ȥų󣬺ðβŻعĴУָżıӴͰؿڱһŭ̫ˡһڶ޼ɣķϲΪûԹȴڼʿǰ档
λʿҿ
ҲίҪһʼ˵Щû˵ܻЩʯǿҫʯλٴʵ̫ϣˡһȺ߽ʿǰҲҿڲԡ
ϴѾ˵ˣ뽫ǿʯȥٴûаѿʯõ֣ϴû£ֵֻ𡭡ٴ㿴ô죿
ǼɲԹ硣
ģǿʯҲҰ׶ߣǶס϶ӺֱӶСףⶫ˭¡Ұ׶һݣ
ǣнʿܶĹ𣿡
һĵ
һнʿǿˣڰų𣿡Ұ׶βһ͵һƳǻ˹ȥ
ʷҪںҶرȸǣ˺ڶڵķߡ
ٴҰ׶̴β棬Ҷصм
ҶزһĵʿӰڸš
֪˭һЦ
ϻв֪ôдġںѾ̡ȴ֪һٵĴǿҫ⡣ȻԼǿԹˡ
Ҷز˳ӵĽֵţͻȻΪһӰĽ⼲ȥɱʮ⣬ڻ˼ʯڣһ˷Ϣ
׷
Ұ׶ΪҶؾ֮ҪߣʱҲû룬̴żƴ׷ϡǸϵҶʧĳطͣ¡
ףȥ
Ұ׶ʯж
ǼʱȴᵽһΣյϢ
ѰҶصټ֮ʱһӵ´˳˹ȥ
콫ҵס

Сʱ֮
ҶһʯϣáзżոĴ浹һ߰ԭϡԼõϣص֮ˡ
ʯ֮Уһʿʬ塣Ұ׶λͲ֪ӵȥˡ
˵ҲЦ
ⳡٳļ򵥡
һ㽫ƵļɹʯǱҴڡǴķɽ޷˵ֺʬǵķˡ
Ҷشʯ¶ΣóöոףҰ׶ȥ·סҪٱˣҪñٵ׼
Ҷؽ˵صĿĺܼ򵥣٣
ף
Ұ׶ٿһҪɱҶأȴҶöɫʱɷһȫˡöķϵõġҪΪϸһʯ뽫׸
Ұ׶ȴǿӲޱȣߣŻ˭أΧһըԼᱻȥһ
ҶȴЦһűѷִףҰ׶ȥ
Ұ׶תӣֻǿиǿӲѣԸԼȥͱ˻Ҫ汻׸Уһʿ֤ͷҽҲ㡣


315 
Ұ׶öһֱ׷׸ŻҪߣôܵĹҶء
ҶʯдУҰ׶Ӵܵȥ·Ľס·ӡҰ׶ҪշߣҶصɽմ󣬷סյȥ·ûаߡ
Ұ׶Ӵ˰죬ûܰҶأͷһۿöɢźϢױҪĺˣ֮£ڹڵϣʺ£ޣүɱңҲңʲô㣬ҴʯСзҪʲôҶ㡣
ҶذϷŪˣһУջöףŲ˹ȥ㻹ΪҪɱ㰡ϣһ̫˷ѡϵд£
ʹ֮䣬Ұ׶ԥѡԼСæֵǮĶ£̴ֻʯߡ
ʱǾѾ⡱ɱһ׵ĻҶɱֻǸ̫ͬڷһβͺɨˡ
ʿ״ҲæϵĴǵҰ׶ֻݡǷԼ̫͹ҶصʵǾɱʮ顣οҶûг֣ҪҶس֣²֪
ҶûɱҰ׶
ȻϧϵվЩ˼ɡҴһʿ»һЧʿҪɱӣҴ϶ҪĽб
ĽҰ⣬Ұ׶ʿڣǺвĿҰ׶ִҰ׶ˣҴ϶ỳɵϡ
൤ŵȻλ棬Ҵıǿ϶Ҷظ൤Ļ£˶ɺۡ
ֻҪҶػڶ򣬱㲻ܲǵЩֻҪûɱվлء

ҶʰҰ׶ʿ߸һʯϲ鿴ĴûʲôЩֵǮԭϣмĹԡڷҰ׶Ĵ֮ȴڴзһֵη
̷ڱһɵĹ⻬ӣɢ΢΢
Ҷһʼһ漤âеķǹעȥ̷δΣֻھ淺ֳɸƣʲôҲûС
ףʲôУҲ
ҶһɣһʶС
ʶȥ֮󣬺ܿʧӰ٣ɲ⣬ޱ޼ʡ
Ҷشһ飬̽
ǵʶֻȫȥҲ̽鲻ʲôָоϸڵ޾һҲͷ
ⷨЩ졣
ҶĿ૵˼䡣
ʰôõļͽ׷¡һЩ۵Ļɫԭ֮࣬׼õȥˣЩʯ
һϷ򣬻һС·һȦӣһȥ

Ұ׶ĸ£һ·򼲱ɥ
ҶصĽҫûȥû뵽ҫû֣Լϴһաں޵ǣ̫ţӳ֮󣬲ͻȻһΪҪķ˴ڡ
Ǽ̷Ϊ̣ǼݴΪҪķ
󷫴ڶҪããϸ޷Ψⶨ̣󷨣ܽǳ֮ȷڵ׼ȷλãԺ
ú棬͵͵ˣȥҴСҫһġ뵽ٵģ١
Ǿͨ󷨡ͨǳʦƣ֮٣ϸû
˶̣ϵжôŭ
ҼҴ󴬶Ҵ󷫴ÿҴ󷫴һ鶨̣ҼܹҲֻ鶨̶ѡҼһҴ󷫴´γʱ򣬽ûж̿áһҴ󷫴Ժ޷ضڴ󺣡

̷޹֮ЧȻҲ仯̬һһҪֻҹǿʵʱЧʹãǳӳ̵Сʱûаõġ
ҪҶ֪һ㣬ֻҪϲˡ
Ϊͼᣬ¼ǰеĺͼ̣ȷԼڵλáһʹãҵеڡ
Сͼȴûж̡
൤ŵȻУһ鶨̡Ϊˣ൤ʿȻһɺããޱߵĺʧһʿӣ޷ҵ׼ȷķ
Ҷػ֪Ҽҵһ鼫ΪҪĶ̸ˡһ߷Уһ߻ɻ̷á
ͻȻ
ҶȻ侪ͣ·ɽɫ΢䡣
־ǰ߰ԼͷĺӣϵʿڼҴĺܼҡ
طǳңʿ½޴Ӳ²˭ǰĻĽҰ⣬Ƕɱõط
Ҷؿ˿ΧĻ
붫ʮܺܿ췵ضûʲôΣգǲȥһ
һɽֱ׹·ĴСȻ󣬻ΪһȵӰӴϢǱƬ֮󣬵˶ֳԶ
ֻǰһҫ۵Ľ⣬һɫĹâڽҰв˸ܼ
ҶڴУĿԶԶɨ˹ȥһ
ﲢеģʿ
һȺʮŮʿΪϢվϣսµмյϣʿڲٿطҶ
󲿷ʿ߽ʿҲϡ
һɢŨҵɱѪսеơȫҰ׶ķȵġ

ҶٶǱУ˹ȥһ±ס
ЩʿķκĿȻԭʮλɷǡǵĶ棬ǻʸ塢١Ԫ衢ԪһȺߴʮλպʿɢޡ
ҶôҲû뵽ﶷģȻԭʮλʿ
Ҫ֪ԪӤʿ֮ԭʿѾͽͣսҶɳһʿǰˡ֮ȻΪС
˽
Ҷطɿ˼һõͷԺ˳
˽Ŀ
սУһʿսϣѪԹȻԪӤ桢ѹţԹôױȥ
ȺԭһʿɫܲƣԷ˵⡣ⶫ򣬻ǰµĶԹ⽼Ұ

ȻǲûƴɱǰĳҶزϤɽأŶÿֻʿ볡ʿԹۣһˣʿҲ֡
Ҷغܿ۾ϸ۲ǶܿһȺʿ֮Ķѵõĺûᡣ


316 
ҶزʯУϸڶԭʿȥǵɫâͻɫâڰо˴ʱɱԽԽͻȻžһƹⱬըΪһŷɫâѸײڶ֮ƣĴӻɫд
ͨһһѪһʿһڴѪҽһ׹ڵϡ
κ˽ʿ綥ʿ֮һһΪж˶ѡгϰʱҲѵˡ
ǵҲ⻪ȥΪһԭĿ󺺣˽𽣷¶Ц
սܷ䡣ǰĶԹӴһʹ
ǽκĵʿҲӲҧˣήҲɶסӿѪǿǵ˻ʿӪ
ʿɫ΢΢һ䡣
ְһ
ڴ˵شʱһʤ֮⣬Ѿ綥ʿʵԭɷʿ֮£Ǵ˿ȴЩѿ
ҶԶԶؿţҡͷ
ϸ˸ղŵ̡ʵЩǿĹ֣Ų㣬һϵԪû̫㽫κˡҲ֪ʵԭʮɷ֮ŶߣӦǺܿǰɡƺǰľ֮¡
绹˭ҪϣɣԭʮɷǶš
ʵ
ʿ໥һۡ塢ٵʿĿ⣬˻ʸϡ
ڳߴɶʿУʸڱȽʿĿǰ߲Ϊʵȴ졣
һʮǽʸƳԪ֮󣬸е֡ٳ֣ǼΣսɱһԭɷǼʿԭ硣
綥ʿУʵҲܿǰȻˣΪûбԹҲ޷ȷŵڼȺʿΪ֮ˡ
ʸʦ㣬ǰ漸ʦֵϳ·ˣȥ¶ʿЩ㿴һս˭սȽʺϣ
ŵ壬ѯʵ
ҦʦʵǿһݶԹҪԭʿ˽ᡣųְɡ
ʸɨʿһۣȻƽ˵
ʿ顣
һŵĻʿʿм˳ԭʿһ֣Ҧӡԭʮɷ֮һİͼʦֳǰһս֮ɱһλʦܣҪ㶷һս֮󣬲ʤ֮ǰжԹһʹ
ҵɱʿ̫࣬ɲ֪һʦܡ㲻طϻְɡܲʦܱ𣬵ÿжıˡ
ԭʿУһλʦװľʿվ˳
룡
Ҧһ޴ųͷޡ
һͷ׵Ļư߾ɶ࣬ҡͷβ˻𣬻Ŀݺݶŵİͼһʱɳʯһֻ׵չ˫࣬צϬХţһա
ҦԼȴɿ˻أ㵽ͷ޵ĺ棬ָͷޣСıͼ
ʿʵٿصϡ⣬ʿû̫ʵǿԱѡ
˫ʿ
ͼɫ΢΢һΪ
ͷ޵ĺϻ֮ǼΪµġǻư߾ޣ޵Ļ֮˺һĵͽ׷
ɿ򿪴һһջ˳ȥΪҫ۹âס˫ֿʼʩչһ׷ķƺųķ
ϣ
Ҧɰͼʩָͷ޹ϵȥͼǿͻưͼķ
һʱ䣬⻪䣬ʯɡ

ⳡƺƾС
ӵͷ޻ӵգͼѹס鲻ʩչķҪͼҲûôס
ͼǳĵˮ©ûκο϶ɾ޻񹥣ز
ɹۿʿе͡
˶о֮ʣͼ˺һͻȻһɫâϮеȻһŹֵɫӡ
ӶʱܣȴѾͷ⵽ɫâػϳһɫĴѪһ·ʧأ˼ͷббĳһԵʯײ˹ȥ
Ҷһʲôط䣬ƫƫڵλײ˹
ɫ΢䣬
϶Ҫ¶мҲ޷˼ôˡ
ʲôˣ
ʿǺεȵ̱ʯǵİɫӰӡ
ҶرܿһƬϡɵĴУЩκΣϣԭʮʿĶƺھҶôǸˣһֱûб֡
һ൤ŵͨӣ͵͵͵ʲô
üͷҶصЩм
ԭһȺɷʿһȺʿﶷǰĶԹȻӭһЩ޹صʿš
ȺʿЩֺŭҪֽóȻʿ¡
ʸҲ൤ʿҪ൤ŵĵӣҲÿʸķӦ
ǻڿҪҪҶߣԭʿǱߣһ౳òªľ޺ʿͻȻָҶؾȵĴȵףô㣡
ľϣʶˣ
ֵ
ȻϿִ˴ˣŵʧܡִеļܼ֮һ
ľϽǰ˵
ԭɷʿ׷¶ɫ
ǿҶصʿʹ磬ôЩܻܰľϡľϵʵǵڶĲΣ˭ڸ涷ʤ
ľϣ˹൤ʿֻǸͨʿ
ľϣ㲻һ൤ŵͨʿɣǿɶˡ
ԭɷɻ󣬵Ц
ЦľϣȻ֮ǰйԹһﳹ׷ֳһ¡պ˶еˣɾûˡ
ˣٴҲһ
ľϺĿһ飬ȴҡͷ
ơ
ĹͼнշħϬĶбԪɽ綷սϺɨ޼ɣ޼᲻ݡʮɷУʵǰλ
ǸҶضƫƫȭ޻ϣ
ΪҶظ涷ǰʬʩչħӰһΪһֱζĴ򷨶ֱĥ
ľϺҶٶһǲ˶١
ȻԸ֣Щɵ
ʿǣһȴͷˮô¡ԭɷǼ൤ŵͨʿôȡͨʿ൤ŵӣÿʸ̬ȲСʸ˭Ҳ


317 
Ҷر׹ƵôӲʯгЩԭʿ¶ɻ֮ɫвм䳰ڼսҦӺͰͼˣҲʿԡ
Ҷʯдһ£ȺʿĿ֮£Ե÷ͻأ
ЩΡ
Щʿɽ缫ʿԼǰĶԹһûʲô൤ʿȻЩ׵
Ҫ֪ɽض࣬λ𼫴
ЩͬΪڵʿͲö˵ˣʿͽʿûȡ
ͬһΪ֮УЩŴ壬ԶʿԳݣǲмڵλ΢ɢԼʿκν
൤Ŵô꣬ʶĴɼʿҲ޼ֻлʸʿһĳЩԭŽʶġ
ҶرôྼĿⶢţܣʿһ֡
С·˵أд
˵꣬漴Ƶ뿪ֳȥ뿴綥ʿʵûΪһ⣬˳ò뿪װ˷һۿʿʵõĻᡣ

һֱĬĻʸ˵ҶʦܼȻˣսɡȴ˵صĶԹ˽֮һͬ൤ŵפء
ڶʿǲĳʸȥԭʸʦϵ൤ʿʸһֱɴҲûܿ˿̵顣
ǣʸʦ㣡
ҶʸһԥпЦͣ
ΪݵλĲ죬ڹϣͻʸһ𡣾㹫һҲֻͬʦֵܽƣûκԽ
Ͼ½ɼĲ죬ĴͳһʿܿġûȥսĬеĹ
һƽ޾ϲվʿӪߡ
ȺʿĵƽϢܿ콫עŵϡ
ͼҦӵľĥ˴֮ڷֳ¡
Ҧһʱʧɫɲ˺˳ʵʱֻܿͷ޻ǿ֧šͼ͵Ϯ֣ȫҦӸƵĴҴڡ
Ȼ޴лмͷޣʵͷ׵һᣬӳ˶޶ķΧɫı䣬ɥİ
Ҫ˳㱻ͼɱҲû˻ΪԵĶԸԹñˡ
ʿְһѾĳڵһʤʿ泹׹Ҳסˡ
˵أΪ˳׽ǰĶԹǴ¹ϵһʿ棬ܵҲ̫ˡļʿڲٱʵʵǿļŲʿ׷׳սҪǿа档
Ҷ۹սЩ
³ʿÿһԭġ֮ǰȰѶԹҪԭĳɷǣɱĳλʿˣҪô෴֮֮ǰĶԹ㳹壬׷
ҶعĵȻЩԹȺʮʿʵ
ۿ֮ĶٵĶԱԼʵ֮ľ롣ԼʵжߡȺʿУӦǰ֮λ

ǱСӣǶһΣ
ָʿߣ
ҶŸղǳֲʿĿⶼŹֵĿһ㶣ŷڽԼ
ʦ֣ҸûжԹҪ˽ᣬΪʲôҪ
ҶزһЦ
ҵȻûʲôԹҪ˽ᡣҶЩʿʵǴ򲻹񫣬ֻ㻹Сֵܽܰľϸˣʵڶһ˶еδĺûˡģҲ
촽ƺⳡܸȤ
Ҷһ£ҡͷܾ
Դ˸ȤûȤ
Ⱥʿߵʿ￴ѵһĶͺáƽ޹ʣûºһʲôǶӮ䣬ûʲôôĲɡ
ȥʶ˵ѧЩֶΡ
ܸ֣ѵð
ļʿȻҶز˳ۣ䳰ȷ
Ҷɫ䣬Ǹ˵ʿȥǸղһ볡սܵʿЦδ˵ʲôĴɼʿͨʿ֮䣬һ໥ߣûʲô˵ġ
ҶزԸսԭɷʿȻЩ󲻿죬ȴҲ㹻ɱҶسսվա
ⳡ˽һʱ䡣綥ʿԭʮɷ֮ĶԹ˽ᡣ
󣬻ʸҶط˶򣬻ص൤ŵפء
·ϣҶڽֵڣҰ׶˵ļڵĵͽԭ϶ˣһЩʯȻ࣬ҲһСǮ
ļ죬ĺܲ
ҶҲûȥʵĴפأﱸɺҪʡ
һʼģҰ׶ϵ¡ֵǣһƽǱû㷴Ӧ
ʵҶ֪
Ұ׶˶̣֪»£֮²һصȥ»ȥͨмȥһ˺ԶϼңȻϼȥͷˣȴ¹ȥŭˣǲٻضȻ֣ǲ̶֪ˣвδʲôӦ
ò˵Ұ׶˿ЦãȴҶرܿһ粨
Ҷػصפأʱϸ鿴ǿ̷طĵ伮֮Ūף״ǡ̡ڶɺķ
ҶؿϲڶӦúá
ʣµʱ䣬½չһЩƷϵʯʯԽ࣬䷨ܹں֧ŵʱԽá
ڼ価¶ˡ
ֻҪ뿪ⶫȥ˶ҲٵҴڽҫͶ̡
С¡
ĺдͨĽʿ㣬δϽµʱûз籩ǶɺʱҪǴ⼸£ֽһ籩ٲÿٵһء
ۼ׼ɺʿԽԽ࣬ÿնдʿ̡
ʿҲһճ
׷ԲɫȻ棬ԼλĽ棬൤ʮλʿĺߡں߶ɿڴͣϰ޴󷫴
Ǵȥһηǳḷ́ڼ伫ŵĵ졣λʦֶмǣϷ򣬲Ҫӡʮа˾Ҫ󺣡˶е֮󣬲аȵ֮ءλֻҪƽִﶫеǱ߱ضһΪ
Ȼű̿ƽĺ棬ɫص˵ǰƬƽ꣬ǺΣճ̶ȣʿҲ塣
ʦŵһн׼׵ʦǷ̣
ʸȻ
ã߰ɣ
Ȼһ޴
һͷ߽׵ĵͷ˫չгʮɣĺˣͷ˫ΪβѤޱȡ
ͷ൤ƣΧһȺʿŵõ˿֮⡣
ȻĳȻһͷѱĽ𵤼
ͷ;޴ĵһһ֮˳Ȼǰȥ
ߣ
һЦи߽ݳ
Ҷڣ൤ӣ۵ĿЩݡҶأɽç룬ۼҰ׺һͷ߽׵ԽʮʿɱĶӡ
ǿû¼Ԧ˸߽׵ݣֻʵУλ
ͬʱڣɽʿҲ׷ڸɽ£Ӷڿշ棬貵ķΪâɳյãã
˵ɲǽֻ硢ԭɽ磬Ƕ½ľ󲿷ɽ綼Ч


ľ 
ʷʿĿʷ˵ķʷսʷսʷ


318 
뿪֮Ҷػ൤ʿм䣬Ƶ½ʿһͬС
Ѿ˵еļѣǶɺļѣɳҶص֮⡣
ããĶϣȫޱ޼ʵĺˮκ½صӰӡһɣҲǳ֮ãְͺҹҫ۵̫źǿյ¹⣬ûκεطͣЪ
еʱҶɵľԼУͣһ麣Ͽգûƶ
˶ʿһͬУƾʿ־޷֧ȥ
൤ŵʿҶظܡ
һЩͽʿȻĵķ٣õķУǺܿıġŷһգҪʯ䷨
УٵĥȺɺʿԺ;
ڣ½ΪڵʿһССѻûܶǴʲôӰ졣
һУŸոտʼѡ
ɺС£ƽ˾δʲôµĶҲûȻС֮Ǳ˴鷳
ʿȺǰһЩˣǰһССĺڵ㣬ɾ
ǸСڵںƶļ졣
ףʲô
쿴ƺܴ󣬿ӲǺޡеǡ
ǰһЩʿδãȻ֪Σաָָ㣬ߴߴСڵ㡣
൤ŵȻȥֻɺɫӺգһˮǧɸߣϯʮﷶΧǸϮ
ʱɫ䣬һãͷ൤ʿȡ
磬ɢܷܿɶԶɶԶ
ǹƼ죬˺˵ĵز֮䣬һ˶ѾʿǰΧǿҵķСХſɨлûеִΧķѾʿĶᣬڷɽ޷վȡ
һȺ½ʿѸ͵硣ԶԶŻЩСǵȵǰȴǾʿǰϻСһ𾪵Ĵľ
ʿȺӴ󣬶ٶ̫졣ܶʿûӦѾٵǰ
ĵеӴʿȺʱңַâ䣬Գ̵ٶƴݶȥҪϯΧ
⺣ϵ磬ȸ߽׷ϵȺ¡γɵУһӴЩҪߵʿһУֱӱ˺ѳĭ
ҵ磬ǽ棬Ҳâֻѡܿ
ҶطʿȺм䣬δһʱ䷢µΣաȵѾƽʿȺʿȺңŷȻѾ֮ڡ
ɫ৵һɷס
ҶҲ˲ʵſڼ𽣣˺ѾԼһУƴСеľ޴ȴǱסһ޷ƶҪܿ磬ǲˡ
ҶѲãҧȻתǱԪɽâ󱬣ӿǿĻ潣ֱ·ɴĺˮУȥ
ܴܲӺѣѾܹˡ

Сʱ֮
ǹͻ񱩵ȥԶԶȥϻָƽƺһжûзƵġ
ǧɢʿ¾£ļµĴź档°ɽɣɷж顣¾ۼһ֮ȴʿѾʧˡ
ϣûκʿʬ壬ֻгƬѪ졣Ҳ֪ʿѪ󣬻Ǻ޵Ѫ֤ղǳʵڵġ
һȺʿĹģ˽ʮ֮һҡҲ˵ǧʿɥڸղŵ硣
ʿĬһɺ
ŸտʼɺС¶ѡһ·ϻҪ֪꣬Σգִܵﶫеʿֻ²һС롣
൤ʿ¾ۼ֮󣬻ʸ¶֮ɫҶزûз൤ŵķӪ֪ȥ򡣲üĵѪӡĻӡδӦҶشؼʧ϶ҶػšҶȥѵղŷɢ֮ʱɵ̫Զںʧ˷
ʦɡʧɢӡ
ʸͳ֮ͣȻ
ţ߰ɣ
Ȼޱ˵
ʦǲٵȵȣܻʧɢĵӺܷܿش˵أ
ʸ
Ȼ¶졣ɺ֮ʱе飬ʸһأôͻȻżȥеһ·ңԶ󲿶һͬУŰȫõ顣
Ȼһж̣൤ʿɶȥ
ʸԭغã˫ĳܺҶصӰٳûг֡ۿ󲿶ʿҪʧˣżɶȥϴ󲿶ӡ

Ҳ֪˶á
һĹâһӺг˳һ˿׷ʿһڹâĻϵɽϣãȻĹˡڣǳ㣬Ѿˡ
뺣еҶء
˶ô
ҶĿ֮ҲκʿЦ
Ƭֻʣһˡ
Σչȥһɣڵķյģֵķ޷ά֣׹亣Сæ˼ƣϥڷɽϣٻָ
ղǹֻ̫ͣܲƴȥ
ˮо޴ڼ̵ʱڣ㽫Ļָ˺顣
ϻһ׾ӳ㴩Էȫ׷ԱȫֱǱ˺Űǹɿµǻѣ˹ȥںйһѹ
˿ףѾڱбãƻء
ںżܿĴ㣬Щ㶼ں׾͵Ҵܣֲܿ籩ҲûֻȤ
Ҷںϴһ΢ָ˷֮󣬴򿪡ͼᣬֲ鿴һ¶̣ȷԼڵλá
һ
üͷ
ڵλãһС졪ҲǶɺ;ŵ㣬Լʮ֮ңԶҪϽһ²ִܵԼѣ˶á
ϣܹС죬׷൤ŵĴ󲿶Ӱɡ
Ҷ뵽Ͷ̣̻Ϊһɫݹ⣬Ķȥ

ʿֻҶһ

һͷª󺺴Ӻи˳ѾľֻƯںϣȴŷֵָޣģʲôôֲûɽսϣˡ
ҪҶͣһĻᾪȵĿλԭɷʿľϡҲʮֵùı뺣ףǻֻ˲֪ٻء
ҶشӺʱڣ½ʮʿӺг˳ʿҲԭȵȡǴҲЯ˼ªĵͼᡣ
ܵĺ޷ȷڵλãɵˡ
ڣʿܿһܱ࣬ϳӲͷƤĶȥ
ܲҵŵС죬Ҳ֪


319 󷫴
ҶضһڶУȻûʲôΣգȴɵľĳ̶ȡǰЩӸʿ󲿶ӵʱͬʦֵܣż˵ơڣһˣ˵һ仰˶ûС
ǶʾСԽԽҪΪԼ⺣Ϸɲͷ
յʱ֣ҶԦںϿķţͻȻһ۾ֺңԶƺһСɽ֡ʱһЩӿٶȡ
ںϷ˿һ£ûκͣЪڼһʱ֮Сˡ
ԣ
ǡСɽʮҶͻȻѹ·ɽҲ¶Щɻ
æͼó
ڵλãС죬նľ롣ľ룬ҰΧڣ޷Ŷԡǣȴǰ˺üСɽ
ѵǶ̳ߡС죿Ҫһ죬Ӧûᱻ¼ͼвŶԡصͼʿܻ©һԵСɽ
Ҷذ˼⡣
Ǿɽȥһ
ҪһС죬϶ҪʱЪһЪ
ֻСƬ̵ĹɵǡСɽ֮ڡ
Ҷžȵķ֣ǲһСɽһɽ͵Ĵ󷫴ķ緫ϣһЩ޴ĺޡ
󷫴ĺеٶĿ죬ǳġ
Ĵ󷫴ҶڶĶɿڴ֮ࡣһ׹Ҵ󷫴ӦǴӶģ˵ڶĳλĴӡ
ҶɫŹ֡
ʵһֱɻĴ󷫴;һҴ󷫴ٶȲ죬ȻյĶϺУ治֪ôĴ󷫴ںٴ֮ˣض鼫ḻҵޱȡ
һҶĴ󷫴жʱǿҵĽģԸٷɹȥ
Ĵ󷫴϶ĳǿĺϵʿӦòʮϰҲһ
ҶغԼҪǹȥ϶Ƶ¡Ҫ⴬ϵʿ˴⣬ɾ鷳ˡһʿʵǿҲԵеĹһȺʿΧ
Ҷزðķաһ£̽ɽת򣬱ܿҴ󷫴
˵ؾСѾܽˣȫҵС֮ЪһЪҲ١

Ҷؿ˴󷫴ͬʱ󷫴ϵʿҲȻ
ʱڴ󷫴ͷϣվһߡԼһα뺷ƴֲڵ꺺ӡϻڶͽ׵ʿæµ
Ǳߣһɺʿܷһ֮ˡ㿴ǲǽ󺺣ϲ̵
ţԼɹɡ壬λǶ׼ãҪǵġˡһ֣һ¡
߳ȵ˵
ǣ
ǺӦתͷڵʿšܿ죬мڵĴ˷ܳ˳Ǳڴ׻СɣǶʿҴ󷫴
ǣǺܿʧˡ
ϵʿǾķ֣ʿǵĴǾǻʱͻȻͣ£ת򣬱ܿҴȥ
ǻδ
Ҫ֪ⶫϣɺӵʿããĴʧ˷ͻȻһԶĴ󷫴Ǽ׵һۣǺԥֱӷ˹ῼôࡣ
ʿۿҪϴˣȴͻȻͷˡ
ߵķȴˣԴϵĻߣЩʿ˵ǸСĴ
ѵܰû¶κε⡣
üͷ˼䡣
Ը԰꣬Թȥ
׳һɽΪһâӴ󷫴ֱҶؼɶȥһߴǰλʿԵƬ̣
Ҷصͷ뿪ͷһۡ
Ǵ󷫴ϵһʿԶԶ׷Ҳû̫ġ㹻ţһʿܽڴ˵ء
ҶصٶȻֿ۴СĽ䱸š
ʿɽҶſһҰ׺ĳߣԼΪΪһ㡣
Ӧǳ˪Ӳʡ
λϵܣǶҴӵʿҲҴ󷫴ĴһĻҪȥϵӦǺͬɢ˰ɣǶ½ʿ⺣ҲףϵܺβҵĴȥһϷĴ˳·ȥҲںϺҷУߴ·
߷ɵҶصĸǰݵ¶еЦݣǺЦ
⴬ȥ
Ҷһ£¶֮ɫȻͷƺЩЩԥͳɲҪҪȥ
߼ģʱϲæȰǡϵ赣ǣҵĴڶǺպںϺҲǳȫϵ֮ܵ󣬿ҵһЩͬǰеֻҪһССþˡ
ҶߵĻеĵƺ£ϲĵҵǰеʿҲáȻ˳·ҾͲˣȥˡ
Ϸӭءϵܣ
ˬʵĴЦ
룡
ҶصЦ
漴أҶҴ󷫴ȥ
ҶؼԦɽߵĺ档ͻȻĿһţ𽣼Ϊһڻ𽣣ֱȡߺġͬʱ׳ϣͭӡѾСûܽ£Щһ׳񹥡
㡫
߶оһǿҵĻϢֶɾȻͷ
ΪҶصĽģϴûֶûмϡңҲҶزҸ֣Ϊ󷫴ϻڶͬ
뵽˵ؾ󷫴ѣҲǼգ۵Ĺ
̵ľ룬ҶؾȻҲҷ֣ҷٶ֮죬ҳ׺ֱԪִ֮ﵲס

߲ŷӦҪܣѾ𽣸һѪʹŭ۾Ҫػȴһͷ׹ȥ
ƭҹȥҲõֶΡ⴬ȥ½ķȥʲôΪں·޷ֱ淽𣿡
ҶؽߵһһЦȻҲתۼ佫ɽȵȣͨͨߡ̼Ԧϣת򼲷ɶȥ
ڶϣ˼ɣԸῪɱ䡣Ұ׶赽ͷϣҲ̣һ·ǳ鷳
пĶǾκĶΪ
ʮֵطĲпԡ
⺣˼ûκιغԼʿݶ𡣱붴Ϊп顣
һභκԥǶǸ֮ʡΪ޴Ҳáκ˻Ϊ㸴
ΪϴСҵġ
󷫴ϵļ󺺣ڵȴҶϴַȴеͻ䣬ʱ۴У𣬳Ҷط׷
ߣ
ɱΪ𡣡
Ҷػͷһۣмƾͽʿ׷ɱδЦҪǵĴϻиʿɱȥһɫơ
Ҷûᡣ
Ϻܿʧںϡ
ҽУȴûһ׷ҶصϣȴֻиɵۣòͣĿҶشҰʧ


320 ᴬ
ĺϣһƲʮɸ߿շšǲϸΪǺһͨơ
ҶڣϵĴһ
ԭΪܴҵЩԭ֮ࡣǣֻһǾһľɻʲᡣ
Ĵ򿪡
ף߰ö
׶ϣһǧö
ףʮö
飬ϡ
ëףĽϣǧƬ
ͽ׺ѣʮö
زľľٸ

ū
Ҷطɿɨ˲һҳĬһ£ǵͽȻһǧöƷԼӣ˲Ӧǻõġ
صģĪǱҴ󷫴ĻҴӹȻǴֱʣһҴ˶Ļ
Ҷ鶯ݡ
Ҫ˵ĶǾǼٵġ
һĻһʾ޶Ĳƻ
˵ɣ֪ѶѪҵ˶ĵͽ
Ϊ˵õԪ𽣣ڻ֮صĻɽɱ˽ʮѻŵõ㹻ȡûѻԪһϵԪҵӴȺ޷ʣԪһҴ󷫴Ȼ
ȻˣҶҲҴ󷫴Ļںϲֵ̫Ǯϵˮϵ޶࣬õͲҲסϷռʱһڴ󺣣ͻصĺࡣֻ󷫴ȫ˻ص⴬ֵǮ
Ҷؼ̷ȥҴ󷫴ͷ
侲Ŀ嶯
󷫴ھжʿͽ׵Ĵ׷֮⣬Ƿ߽׵ʿڴϡ
˵ʵԼԹȥٴЩðˡ
⺣ϣʱΣգӦþðķղС
ҶеţôǴ󷫴źá

ʱһɫâӺԶСƼǽ⿿Сƣһɾ룬ͣ£վһλͷʿ˷תΪޱȵʧôһƣӻΪһʿأ˵꣬ǼԦʿҪȥ
ľϣ
дһ
˭˭棬
ľϱͻһȻͣ£۾ƵȥʶղɨСƣûиӦκʿϢ
Ҷڣľϳڴ˵أˡĶϣȻҲϡ
ȻˣʵǶһֱɣڰ·Ҳ
ΨһǣҶж̣֪Լ׼ȷλã֪Լĳ컹Զ
ľûжֻ̣ǿ̫ǳϷȻͷƴںһֱɶѡֻϣϹèײӣںҵһŵĵ졣
Ҷش¶һͷ
ô㣿
ľ϶ʱסһת۷ӦæַɲǼ䣬һĽ⽫ȫסׯϻ󷨣ԭɽĻȽס˵
ͬʱշħҲ˳ǰʱ׼ҶأľϲҵġСΪֶͣΰٳò
ҶȵĶСڣûжϲֻǷзһǿķľҪûôס
ľϸɵ۾û׶֡ǰҶشһƽ֣ûռκαˡҲûӮҶصĶԲߡ
ȻˣҶҲͬûж֡ľ϶Ȼľⱦֵķ֣ǿĸǧڹǼƵġľҪֻزҪƣ¡
ںϵۣš
ҶռһˣϷп죬߱ߡľϵķٶȲ죬ˡ
ҶϵܣҲ㲻ʶˡԩ޳𣬺αضһ˵ǶѾʧ⺣ϣ֪ܻأβ֣һȥ֮أҲȫһЩ
ľͻȻЦջ˽շħ⡣ֵĻֻάš֣Ҷκβ
ҲաڶǳϣȥһжԹѾһʹȻûҪٶȥ֣ôĪҲǰǳ磬˶ӣ
ҶسĬһЦ
СıиˮУӻǿַ㱻ˡҶϵܣ⸽ĺ򣬿ŵĵ죿
ûֵ졣ղǰ淢һ󷫴ӦǴĳϵǰ½ġ
Ҷ⣬֮ǰҴ
ղŻڿţôܽҴ󷫴
ľϵĳ֣һ뷨ľϵıַˣȫðľϹȥ̽һ⴬ʿʵҪǰľû£Ҵ󷫴
ϵĲƻ˺ͰľһΪһݣҲʲôòǿ
ҪǴʿڶ࣬Ҳסûޣֻ֮ززˡգҲͰľһš
Ҷ֪ľһǶҴǳȤ
Ȼľ¶ϲʲôǰзǴϵӦ֪⸽ŵĵˡںϷ˰£һӰûƼˡ
ľϴϸϷһԾĵطȻдΪҶϵܲȥߣ
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦεҡͷǺǣҵȥҲÿ˼һӭҲŹȥһʿ밵ңҵնɱˡǴӦûмʿҹЩ࣬һ˿ֻܶˡֿ֪Ը͸Ƕһ
ŶȻ飿ǶЩʲôˣǿʵ
ľϽʵҲɵɲ뱻Ҷˡ
ʿǵͽ׵ͨΪ⣬ûָʿ
Ҷƽ˵˵ģȫʵҲû١
ľϵһʵԾкܴʤ㣬ʱŭ߸ͽʿǲġķ͹ɨһƬʺȺ񹥡ңҶصʵ˿
ģ赽ֵܵͷˡߣҹȥȥƣӸһɫơ
ľߴ١
ƽʱľϻ࿼ǣҶǲǴ˿̣ںϿ˴֮ѾûġںѾˣȵ뵽ȥЪһЪҷϣڡ
ȻԸ֣Ȼû˵ߣ
Ҷصͷͬ⡣
ҶصĴ£ľϸ泯Ƿķ򼲷ɶȥΪ˱羪ҷǴӺɸߵϵͿӹһڹһĽ⣬ںϼֱĲˡ
Ǵ󷫴ϵʿǵùޱȡԭΪǼһֻںʧķû뵽Ƿ׺ݣһǵŪˡ
û׷ʿֻܷص˴󷫴ϡ˿ԦСȫû뵽ո뿪Ǹʿôַ˻һΣݽɫӵͿճǵĴ󷫴ƽ


321 
ҶֻСʱ㷢Ҵ󷫴ںϵټͰľϣΪâԼٶȱƽ󷫴
ľϼҴ󷫴ϲޱȡ
Ҷϵܣ֮ǰľҴ󷫴
ҷԶԶĿһС㣬ж󡣿ǿˣԿҴ󷫴ʮධ¥ôߣɣΦ˸ʡҴ󴬶ɵͽľ죬Ϊ̣Ͼĵ̣ƻֺ롣һҴ󷫴ƽĺԵòյһ£һ΢Сࡣ
ϻҴӵͼգˡ׼ְɣǼͽʿԸҿϻûʿ
Ҷ緫˵
ã
ľ϶Ŵ󷫴¸ֱЦڶϿķ̫ãܣлᷢйһЩ̲סˡ
󷫴ϵΪĴ󺺣ǵķӦҲǺܿо˵ѹϢٱ˹
Щ󺺷׷¶ɫæգװϣ鿴ʲô
ʱҶغͰľ϶ˣʱ봬ѣ֮䣬ִ˴󷫴ϿաϵĴǣŸոշӦһ߽ʿһнʿæ׳ɫϰնԶ˽еֵ
߾
ľϱһ貵ĹȦţͬһŭĿգȺӭеĴм䡣ܹķٿŶɳķ޼ɵĺɨȥһʿҲһȺʿҲ򡣵Խ࣬ԽңԽ۾ܽзʿҷɡ
Ҷزδ붷Ƿڴϡ
Ⱥ󺺣аľȥԸ͹ˣȥŰľϵʩչ
Ŀɨ򴬼ס
⴬ϳΪĴ֮⣬һȺʮʿ
ǲٴĴԱҲҹӶʿ
ǳϼװ壬ֳ鵶齣ĿоİΧҶأƺԾԾԵĳ嶯ȴû
Ҷһǰ׳һ˳
ĺĿ⣬̧ͷ׾ǳȺʿðƺ˵ĺһԱ˱ܣϺմȾϣҽзڵϣתۻΪһѰ׹ǡ
֣
ۣʿ
һȺʿһŵ÷׷ײ̵ֻɣҿ⵹ǵСٴ󵨵ʿôһ߸ߴ׵Ҳ־ķë
һʬԼǻΪ׹ǡ
ҶصĿ⣬ǾηܼԦһͷõʿʵɱΪ¡
ңϵЩʿںͰľ϶Ͼ˼ߣӣЩ󺺷ǳǱڰľϵҲ֧Ų˶á
ȺʿĴԱĸҲҪǰȥ赲Ҷء
ҶûȺзֻʿжʱĳȺͽԱʵǵУĸͷ
Ⱥʿ
ܿ죬һʮ͵Ļҷ˳΢һ˵壬ڴϴʮ꣬һֱι£ЩҲ˵ͷˡǰкηԸضǰķԸȥ졣
ҶһЦߵҲʶȤ˿ûǿеǴкηԸ
ȻЩ˵ͷǴȥǶڻĴտ
ҶûȥΪǣֱ˵Ȼ⴬ûпʿҪڰľϽд֮ǰҵԼҪĶ
߳һ£ʱȴдһҽУ̧ͷȥֻһ󺺱ľϴ򱬳һѪʣµĴ󺺣ҳһš
߶ʱŵûϵǣߴǰȥ
ҶزٿҡͷβǵȥĴڣʶɨա
ûرķֻ֣ǲŨҵڶѻŴԭϣҷ࣬ûǹ¡
ҶػǺܽĲٿ봬̽һ
βͣ봬С
ҶزҲŽȥŽȥ

ʱ֮󣬰ľ׷ʮ֮⣬һХһһҪͽ״󺺣ɾ˴󷫴աɱһʹ죬ص󷫴ڴϡ
ȴûҶء
ץסһɫ׵ĵͽ״Աһʡ
ǵͽʿָָյķ

Щʿôû˭߰ɣҶڷڵĻľҲӴ˴Уʵ
һȺӣҲÿû£ǵսϲ֪ɱ˶٣ľ봵һͻȻҶʿ˵ȥͲˣɸȻ졣
ľϵעܿ챻жѻŵľЩ棬ȫǸԭϡ⴬ôôƻҶϵܣ㲻֪һһ
Լɡ
ҶؽǲǻĻƱľϡ
ľϷɿķһ£ͻȻ͵ĵɴ۾Ŀͣһϣһ¿ˮͽ⴬ϾȻһǧöɱٺ޲Ūôడ
ľϳԾ֮࣬ȴɻⱾ˲ᣬҶôóҶز˲óѴϵȡˣҲ֪ɲΪҶػĵøǵͽ׵ҲܡǵĽ黹ûеǸز
ԼλԹ£ôһɡ
Ҷϧ̾˿Ρ£Ȼǲ˲øľϿġڡһ
λǰġҴ󷫴Ҫһ࣬áûκΰ취ԱʵʱһǱ㶼ὥðܻڴҲһȶǽɣΪɻȻװڳñ档Ȼˣĸɻ϶ʧɥʧ󲿷ЧáЩɻֻʣһ;ǾιޣղɳĸһЩ
СĽ˵ǻǰٵʿ
Ҷ֮ԸѼǻ˱óҲΪЩȫǸɻ
ҪԪʵܴȡ΢ԪҺ塣ںɵԪҺ嶼ˣûʲôã޷ڵ
ȻԸ󷽰˲óðľΪ˽⴬ϵʲô߷֮ġԭϣʲô߶֮࣬Ҷصòû㽫ʱϡײ鵹ǿһЩЩʲôƷľ֮࣬һɳޱȣ޷ߡ
Ҫǣ⴬͵½ȥֵǮĳϸ߼Ǯⶫϣϵԭҵûʲôֵ
ҩĲϣѾҶظֱȡˡ
ľڴ﷭䣬΢ֵǮԭϣͳͳװʮڡҶȡһĸɻľҲȡʣµһ룬պιޡ
ҶغͰľϴչһ⴬ϵĻҲʣ¼࣬޷ȫߣֻܴٲ֡
ľûҵʲô۵ĺöգ̵ģʲôֵǮĶûҵҶϵܣ㿴ôҴ⴬ҵļǺţ޷ߣеҲ̫ˣɴҳˡ
һˣһȺʿɲУͨͨºιȥʱͨݵǰֻһҺͨĻûʲôﰡıĻͣ뺣ףҼֱȡСˣϻмŮū֪λǰϲϲ


322 С
ʲôū
ľֵʵ
λǰС
ߴҴҴǶ뿪գԱסԲȥһķ䣬򿪣ӵŵūŮӡ
⼸ŮӣЩС½ŮӲࡣһýݣӯƾɵĺƤˡ
ǾӵһϣŽļʿ
⼸ūûر֮ǴԶĴǻʲôҶʶɨδͨûʲô֡½ŮӶǣбҪץЩūŮӻȥ
λǰ֪ǶϵūɾСǣءôءĴ壬ԸԼߵļǮһūλǰģΪüǮЩȫδĴŮλǰϲСı㽫Ƕλǰֻλǰҵһ·
һŹֵĺٺЦ
Ĺ֮ͯЩŮңǺξģ뻵ҹɣ
ľŭĿһɣһɨ˹ȥ
߱žһǴѪתһӵڵϡ
ǰ⡫Сʵǲ֪ǰļɻ䣬ðǰ뵽һ㣬ʱľϴŵſڵϲ
ǵʲô֮
ҶȴɻĶЩŮӣʵ
ǰ⼸ŮǶūƹ䡣ǸŮò࣬ǵȷǶ塣ȴĴʿһȵʹߣøסͨһͶϡ
߼æ͡
Ҷ¶֮ɫⶫϾȻ塣
˹ȥһŮӽյָϹȻһϼ롣ֻгʹˣϼ롣ȻʿҲҪơԷ顣
%#@*ſң&
ŮӾŭʱĳһһֵԡ
ūҲղ˵Щʲô
Ҷضʱֵߡ
ЩԭǲģֻһЩ򵥵ʿǰѾʮأ򽻵ЩҲٻһЩС˲Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ε

Ҵ󷫴ϵʮԱһЩͽ׵ʿܹӶңҹϵҶزδһ·ǼŮӣɡ
ѯķ֮ҶغͰľֱ
⵺ȻΪʵΪС
﷽ԲŨСɽïܵĹľ֣һЩͤ¥֮ĽȻʿڵϾס
СʮһƬ̲ɳأûʲôһªСֵдĸ¥̡⻹һɿڣͣҴ󷫴
쿿ĺܽͨΪǴӶǰе;ŵ֮һ
Ҷءľ϶˵ִ˵Сϡ
СϣܿٵʿʿڻΪһЩʿҶضδʲô
Ҷڵһ£ЩǷдȺʿȥ
΢ʧǣԭ֮ǰѾһȺʿﾭѾԶˣ׷׷ϵġʣµģֻһЩҶءľһ;ӣҵִʿ⣬⵺ϵʿˡ
ҶϵܣҴסһʱ䣬һֱŲΪֹ⵺£ǼǰеҪ£ǿ⵺һֵͬҲ໥ӦҪǼߣҾͲˡ
ľϲ֮࣬µ˵ԶɺѾη֮ġäͷӬһںϷеĿͷһѾܵˡҪں·ûģããĺҵЪĵ졣Ǵ⵺ϰȫһЩŨȫ
˲㣬ҲֻܴŲ㣬òðռǰеٶȥΪͣͲǰ̫ԪˡСط϶ҲԽᵤıֻжеиĻᵤ
Ҷؿһ£ͬ⵺ס
Ϊںʧ򡣴һʼûرĳ嶯ȥֻǱ൤٣òǰȥеĸʲô˵ʿˡ
ѾΪӣѾ׷ϴ󲿶ˣʱСס¡̫ҴææȥеСϣֻҪʯҲһ
ٺҲˣҶϵ൤ŵӣֻͨҪڵҵԭϣƳ鵤õ鵤ðҶϵơȻˣķãҾٸ
ľϼҶҲ⵺£ʱϲҪڵϳһҪѡŨĵطҪһƷ鵤Ҫû鵤ĽչĲٻԭܲ⵺Ū鵤ȻҶҲ⵺£÷ˡ
ҷͷСһңǷҵԭϰɡҪûԭϣʿҲ䲻鵤
Ҷص˵СĽȥ
ľ졣

СĽֵϣһдССʮ̡
һ۱ܿǶǶʿｨ̡ЩҲ򵥡ӶһЩչһЩϵĻȻ˻ضȥ
ҶСһרҩĵġҩ̡ĸ¥õԭϡ
ϸڣͶڻдҩĵӣõ鵤ȱҩġ
Ȼ⵺ԼԵһЩϻȥһоһЩ鵤ʿҲ̫Ļɡ
ҶЩǣڱҩ̵һ㣬ȻҵһЩõԭϣԼƷ鵤඼ĽףԼĽϵҩĺ鵤
Ҷʯһꣿ
ҶطҩһζĽ׵ҩʵ
ʮƷʯ
̵С
ʲôô󣿶ҲŶʮƷʯһ꣬ıࡣ
ҶسԾ
λ͹٣ɶǻңԶĶ͹ģǳʱޱȣд󷫴û۳͵ʧļǮ㲻ҪȻбҪ
Сû˵
Ҷԡ
һ£ʯ˼꣬⻹ɹһЩнҩֻҪ鵤ƳʿܿܰЩʯ
ҩ̣ҩ鵤֮⣬Ҳչֺ֮ǰںҴ󷫴ϵĻﶼǴչչĻ͵ȥ
Ҷڡҩֵ̡֮СССȥתһȦ˽ҩ̡̣ＸһӦȫֱһ΢͵Ķ


323 
һʱ֮ҶСֵţľϴӴ˹
æ˹ȥСĵЩҩǴ½ģࡣ֣Ǵϣûпʿڵҩ
ǱߵĴƺŨ˲ٵҩ԰ӡ
ȻҩǾͺðˣĲӦòȱʣµģǽס֮ءǱߣǷԾס
һ£Ǵɽ壬ʮԾסСĵλʿϵЩҲλʿǵʿռݡʿû취ڴţֻСסš
ľҡҡͷ˵ղŷɵǴʱ򣬻ѲߵʿΪˣʲôʿĵϣɲҰֻܻͷĻصСҶô졣
ֻסС죬һˡСΪϡСϵĿջв٣һջסֻҪ鵤СҲһܹ
ҶԶԶһ´죬мЦ
ľΡ
ڣΪѾ˲Ķ壬Ҫ˶ãŲҲˡСȴһʱɣʱ죬ȥеҸʺϵĵȥʱ䣬Ҳ̫һ¾͹ȥˡ

ҶСһͨջһլСԺӼ
ÿգСҩҩģЩ鵤Լ֮⣬żﰢľһ¯⣬ĳƷ鵤ȥ̻õʯʱ䣬ҪôڱԺڱչǱޣҪôǳ
˵Ѿ͵Ĳٵ͵ϵʿû̫û˻رȥע
ǣݾСһ֮ĳҶСϣȴһ롣
ԭܼ򵥣ҶصкܴĹϵ
ľڵϵһֵľ¥͵һЩ½ʶʿһȾƵʱ򣬽ž˴󷢣ҶصӦòһҶص
ϵǣľһڣһ±㽫¥ʿס
𾪵ķ֣Ҷصһ˿ɼĵز
Ҫ֪סģҲֻʿʿԼǧʿѡʿࡣ
ȺʿУһ˵ܱȵҶء
Ȼˣ϶ʿǲٵġ
ڴϣʮλǿʿн鵤ɵʴﵽҡǶλ𵤵£ǲװʿҪﵺϱʿҲҪߵļǮĶ
⣬СϻһЩͨɢޣҲƽӹƵн鵤ɵʵ£͡
Ҳ˵ʮ¯鵤ֻв¯Ƴ鵤ˣĶǷϵĳ֮ͣ˼ΪʹҲ̫˷ѡ
Ҷн鵤ɵʾȻߴ˳ңֱ˺˵ĳ̶ȡСϣûκһʿȡλµʮʿҲûһȵϡ
ɵʣֻҶԼﰢľһ¯н鵤¯ǳɹ԰ľϵȻҲ֪Ҷصĳɵʡ
ľҲɵʶʿ˵Ƕôĺšֻǣûеһ£Ϊһ顣
ɵֻҪһ㣬ʿ֮͡οζſԽʡҩʯζõ鵤չ
ľھ¥ϣ͵ŵʿ棬ίҶ飬˵˳ȥ
Ҳһ󣬵ʿĵҲࡣ鵤ϵÿһλʿĽչΪĵ֮һ
֣˵ûУһλҶ츳ߵʿɵʰ˳ɣ
Ҳոϵ˵ģ˵ˣȴҪ౶
ǰҲ֪Ǵģ
ֻɽ磬ĳλʿɡǿǱ츳ߣдҩʹãþܴ֮ﵽֺ˵ĵز
ʿ֮һʮʮ٣˺䶯
Ҷغ֪£һҹ
پסСʿҶؾ˵鵤֮󣬶ϲޱȣҴҴҩҵҶסլԺҶسְæ
Ҷشʱһˮȵľһԭ׹
Ҷ֪֮ϱлͣһƴǣκʿ
ľʮֲҶصĺ飬ΪʲôҪȴҪĻֻҪ˭ҩģҳһķã߲ܣԴһʡ
Ҷصĵ͵ƽľ⵺⼸£ֻݡ
Ҫõ鵤ǾͱʯȥҩﹺҩҩȥҶذæȻҶذȡѺ١ǹǹҩʯһʿСҪʯֻһ취ǾǳȥɱеĵͽޡϵĽǵȵȣǮ
ľһÿ춼Ҫ͵ڶʿԵΪģȡΧﻹеĵͽޣȻǻصȥ̻ҩάճá
԰ľϵɧ
ҶֻܿЦ
֪֮
ʲô˵츳ֻϸܹԼҩʲôʱ鵤ˣ֮оͱʿ߳һˡ
ҩĶʮܳɡʿôҩһʿһ¯ѾǷǳˡʿҲ¯һΡ츳ٺãҲȥ
ҶģֻڵϰѣȫԼΪ񣬷ĸţǲԸ⿴ġ

Ҷرл̬ͣƽϢ¶ˡ
ǣ鷳
ΪЩ˵İݷã޷ƴǵġ
Ҷ룬ڶ磬ƵѴ󺺡󺺣סլԺֱŴСλӣһݷá
ΧլԺΧҶذæͨʿȺѴ󺺣ʶȤ뿪λ𵤵еκһǵġ
ҶͬǲСĿԲѣܵĵطûѰҡ뿪λӣ
Ҷؿӭ͡
λ£ǴҶʦְɣҼҵǰһˡҼҵҪ̣ƴǡ
һλʿҶأϵӣ˵֮ǰѾõķԸ룬κε
ȺʿУҲ߳һλˣʾһӣСҶʦ֡
ҶüͷʱޱȵΪѡ
λ𵤵ȻһӣһʿıҲﲻ𰡡۴Ӧλ룬ɶҪһߡ


324 ϯʿ
ҶЩͷʹ֪ȥһźá
˵ĵӦøһЩλҲ޷ռŨĴ졣СֻռС
ǣСҲﲻ𰡡
ҵǣҶزΪǷա
ʿҶԥ³ԥʲôϵλС˿̶Ѿڴ壬Ÿǰȥءɣ

ҶֻһǣȥһˡʿԲᡣȻסϣϵλʿǾ׵ġ
֪λȥʲôܸܿйϵһֻӦˡ
Ѵ󺺣ͱʿĻ£Ҷ壬ɽ

ȻǶһС졣ǵϵȴĲ࣬ƺΰ̻Իͬ͡ɵһɵ㣬˾ۡ
ʱѾλʿ
һλķ֣׳˶һλ࣬Ĭԡǵò߰ʮģѹϢ޷ֱ˭Ϊߡ
⣬ڻʮѺͱʿֱվڵ࣬Ȼλĸ⣬мλ۵ߣλԱվš
Ҷأݼλ
Ҷڣɨһ۵ڵʿ֮
ҶʦֶؿϷǴԣΪԴɡλСĵΪС
ǷֵĽЦţΪ˵˵ĳ鵤ΪĴɵĵӣӦŴ֮ɣĵš
ң
ҶĿЩִ٣Ӧ
ûбԼ½ԶʮﺣλҲ޷׷顣ȻĳɼĵӣǾǼȥҲҪɣԼΪʲô
ŶǺǣϷ˵أҶʦֶҲµ˼֣ϷĿʵ򵥡ҴСмλʿһԼ԰ǵԵò̫ˡϷϵһЩʿ˵н鵤ɵʾȻߴ˳ɣԶͨʿ֪Ƿ飿
ԵҶأʵ
Ավŵλ۵ߣΪΡǼˣԵеġΪʿ
ȷд¡нĵ׵ĳ鵤ĳڰ˳ɵų֮䡣
Ҷʵ˵
һ
Ϊ½ĳЩ츳ߵʿҲܹߵĳɵʡ
ǲ֪Ƹ߽鵤߽׵鵤ɵжߣ
ԵͻȻʵ
߽׵鵤
Ҷͣһ£ƺڿǡ
ڣλ棬ʱ
ͬʿǼɫ۵ߣǳšĹؼλҶԭ
λǽʿǸͨʿһǳ鵤ϵĽչ
Ҷϸһ֮󣬲ż˵߽鵤ڸ߽ףƵѶԶԶн鵤ǰڣżҲﳤƹ߽鵤жɵĳʡ
һڣһƬ𾪣ʿҶصҲʱһһޱȵĽݡ
һҪɳǷǳѵ顣
ɽ磬ͨΪ߸Σͯӡѧͽʿʦʦʦʦ
ͯӣʦѧһЩżɡѧͽԼſ¯Ϊʿ֮󣬲нϸߵĵλ߿
ͯӡѧͽʱڣһֱҩϵľ޶벻ֱʿ֮󣬲ǿԸ㡣
ɽ磬һֱһΪĻʿ
СʿͨɢޣҪΪһʿǴҩʯɲա½ΪҪʿС壬ʤ
ЩвĴ壬Ÿȥʿ
ң⻹ֻһʿѡ
ʿ԰ʿȡһЩáǣЩǮֱԼճĵˣҲԸ㡣ǮƲࡣ
ֻеʦһΣ߳ڶʿʯʱ߿ྡ֮ʱֻҪʦ϶ȱǮ
ǣҪΪ߲εʦǱ츳СһΡ
һߣû츳ʱʿڼ䡣
һ߻ûóΪʿ֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪û츳Ϊʿ֮һߵǱܴ϶ˡû츳׷֡
Ҫǵʿ֮ȴû츳ȡøߵĳɾ͡ôζţǰڵľ޴Ͷ룬ڶǰװ˷ѵˡ
ΪԭֻвۺĴɣ㹻㹻ʦ߲ε߳
ϣ󲿷ֻʿֻѧͽһζѡЩͨѧͽû˻࿴һۡҩ˷ѡ
⵺ֻʿʿ
վλԵλɫߣʦҲˮƽߵļλȻǣ߽鵤ɵҲһɡƲ
Ҷ߽鵤ĳɵʣȴܴﵽɣ̫߳ˡ
ߣκһطޱȵܻӭȻ·ʿܶ࣬Ըģȴ̫ˡ
λһۣ¶ϲҶصĳ֣ζͬĸ߽ҩģԶһ鵤ÿһݸ߽ҩģޱ
ã
Ե͵һΣϲû뵽Ȼһλʦһĺ鰡Ҫ֪ҩһƶôһλʦ֪ԽԼٵϵȵϡҩϷʵĿĺܼ򵥡ϣΪҴЧΪҴϯʿ㵤ʿϷ
һԵˣʱˣü֣Ǻ⣿ĪռСӣСˡ
ҶʦֶֻһǵǵСǲԼѡ
Եš
СϰˣȻûֳʤȴһֱռϷ硣ҶʶȤӦ֪С˭ǿ˭ҶءѡˣǲҪֱ˱ǡǲ¸ġ
ߣѡʲôͬʱΪҶⲻ͵ˡҲҵĺ֪ԼʵѹԵҲɵ黹а취
ҲԵӦֱӳҶʵСӣҴСȱһλϯʿϯʿԸ⣿
Ҷشһ¡СϯʿλԵҪ
Ҷзɿĵס
ôͱ״Կü
λڵϵİȫ˵ǷǳбˡλǽʿʹõȻ߽ϵ鵤߽׵鵤ҪƳѡλ֪ˮƽ֮Ҳ˵Ŀϲ
ҪĴ֮һҪλƳ߽ϵĸ߽鵤һ̶ɡ


325 Ƚ
СҶͬʱδСϯʿ
Դһ£δԡõİ취ֻˣֻʿһ;ֻδ̫˺
λ棬СֻſڴƻƣᣬƵĳ߽׵鵤˭Ҳûۼֻǵ;˵ѣλ򲻿һ֮ǣΪСϯʿ
վԴԵһ㲵ۻߣʱȴæԡ
˵ǡСһʿ֪ʵô˵ڴ˵ƭƭȣǵҩ򲻿ɽֻװ̣ˡ
ʿҲææվʾǿҵķԡ
Ҷλʦĳ֣ʿ˵һϲ顣Ƕڵϼ˵ȴһǳ飬Ǿλŵʮʦ
Ϊλʿ鵤żߵҪǱҶȡ֮ܵҪ󽵡ĺôҶصȥ
ڴ˿ģ¾ǴԭȵϯʿҲλۻʿ
֪ϳһλΪʿϢ֮һҹ˯ţô²λҪҶسϯʿ˵޷ܡ
⵹Ҳǣ˵ĲϷֻ£˵ܲԼҲ˵Լǹ˵ûã鵤СҶʦֶ˵أ
Ե۾Ц˵
Ҫ֪ҵΣֻҪϼ¯鵤һȻˡֺ˵ôأ
Ҷƽ˵
ãϷʮ׵ҩģԼʮ߽׵ҩġҪôСϯʿĪҪǲ˵װ˷Ϸʮ߽ҩģϷһɱйޣ
ԵһΣ˾УżɭȻ⡣
Ȼ
Ҷ΢΢һݣ֪ԼҪ鵤λԵǾġ
ʹðʮ߽ҩģ̫ˡҲδܳɹһΣСôĳ
ϻ뽹Ȱ衣
λǶҶصǳΡһҩȴܹõ鵤ߵĻرǲϧðһԡ

壬ĳ䶥ҡ
⣬Χʮѡʿҹڵ⣬κʿ˵ءλЩʿÿʱҪһΡ
֮Ҵ󿪣һ鵤ҩ˱Ƕ
ʮѺͱʿվ⣬羴Ŵһʿ
Щλʿ˿һɫңɥʧɵ
ǰۿҶʮҩʮ߽ҩϿһʱҶó˰˸СƿסԪСƿ߽ס赤ǰʵҲ˵κηԵĻǿҶصʱκ顣
ԴСλʿҶصҲûлɣֱҶسϯʿ
ԵҪԣмССϲ徲κθţҪһƧĶΪ֮أϣκʿҪԴ롣ΣһҪһСͯΪ֣ҩĽСͯң鵤֮󣬶Сֱͯͽλ档ٴΣֻΪλ鵤ʿ鵤ˡΪһ㣬еʱҪѰҩģҪȡޣλ˸ҵжֻҪ⼸ӦԸΪλЧ
Ҷؽ⼸ƿ鵤Դ֮󣬲δ̴Ӧϯʿ˼Ҫ
⼸ǺСҪҲܺ
ԵȻ޲ʡ
ɴˣҶʽδСϯʿ
ԴԽһɽϣѡһŨĶʹ͸ҶؾסңҶֻҪÿ¸λƳһ¯߽鵤ɣҪʿ鵤

Ҷس˴Сϯʿ֮󣬼뿪ԼĶıչżȥٵʱȥҲٸʿ򽻵
ܿȥϵͨʿһλϯʿûиⶫϵĴСʲôԵı仯
ϵʱķɿ죬һΣȥ
յһ߽׵ʿӴ˹СϵĶɿڴ
ɿڣͣһҲС
мͽ׵ʿڴЪϢ
Ҷطϴ
λǰҪޣ
һھŲĺæվкɻĴһЩҶءƺδҶأûκӡ
Ǵ
Сǡ
ҵһֵ˵ĴңΧĺǳϤ֪޻ʲôʱûΣգﰲȫӶȥѰҺޡ֪Ҵڷ㡣
ʿ˵ͷ˵
㷽㣬ϱ㿪Ҽס⵺ϣСĲٴʮ꣬ÿն⵺ΧָơǮҲֻҪʮƷʯˡ֪ǰҪʲôޣ
ĺӴЦʿ﷫
ȻǺԽĵطԽãȵΧתתɡܼطһҶվڴͷΧĺ
λǰﷶΧ򣬺޳ûĵطжϰٴ֮ࡣʺϲɱĵطࡣҪںɱޣҪҵһʯΧ֮ڣʮ¶ĽңеһɴСʮʿеĽҲɴСһʿ㡣ЩңЩͺͺʯûκβľΧЩңˣʿڽϣȡΧĺޡ
Ǻĺһ߲ٴһϸĽܵ
ŶȻ飿ûнҵʿ޷Ժ𣿡
Ҷزüͷɻ
⵹ǡǰԸҵ裬Ͼ޷ôǵҲһ쵽ڽϡֻҪʯ轸ñˡ
ĺ˵
ǴΧĺࣿ
ǿ϶ǰȽ⴦СʮһٶɷԲŽȡΧûĺࡣ
˵
ǾȥȽɡ
Ҷص
ȥԴµӺ庫ʿĽʯﲶɱޡû˸Ҹǿ齸ʯ˺ʿԼãżԴҲȥɱޡʿҲС
ĺӴһΪԼˣæȰ衣Сʮ꣬ʮʿƢ˭Ҫˣûùӳԡ
޷ҹȥ
Ҷص
Ҷصļ֣ӿȰûãΣֻܲٴȽȥǺȴԹ½費ңȥطǺοš
ʱ֮ҶسСһʯ⴦ҹȻܴŽȰ㡣ڽҵĽǣһ͵졣
һʿ˿ϥĿڽʯ룬ƺȫעĬʲôһ׷ɽͣڰУɽ⡣
Ѿ˶ʱ
ͻȻʿüͷһ£󷨾˫ָһӣŽɫɽˣΪһâʯʮ֮ĺˮСˮ緭ӿ
ͣ
Ƭ̣ӿһɺѪˮȾһƬĺ
ʿ˫ָһ
һɫâӺг˳ϻһⳤĺޣžһɽģⳤޣεĶڽʯϡ
ʿδǺ㣬ĿʻС˭֪ȽĽҡԼʿ轸ҡððʧʧҲˡ
Ҷվڴͷʿһ֣ЦλӦǺְɡ̨Ľʯһã֪Ƿи㣿
˽Ҳ裬ѡɱްɡ
ʿҲ룬һھܾ
ͻȻǰʿЩϤɶ˼ۡϣһڴǰϣۼҶһ档Ϊ˵˵ϵʿλƸΪϯʿרΪλƸ߽鵤ֻǺҶصõԴһֱڶչزʿȥĶԵĵӣҲûҶأԽˡ
ԭҶϵܡʧʧ
ʿ뵽ʱ¶ݣţæӽվ𣬿첽СȥЦҶϵôп⺣ɱޣΪѾգͷˡȻҶϵҪҽʯһãȻ޲ɡΪǰЩռ˼ҩȴһֱҲʺϵʿơ֪ҶϵǷпգΪһæ
л֡æȻһȥ֮󣬰ﺫֿǼҩɡﻹһСƿ鵤ԪȽķá
ҶЦЦһСƿ鵤ںС
Ϊ־Ͳˡ
ҲûȴЦˡ
СλĴλٴĵͽʿʱĿҶغͺ塣ʿֻһ仰Դĵӣ˰Ƚʯϣδŵ顣


326 ޣ
ҶϵܣȽĺ޷ǳ׺Щ޴඼ֻжףκܵ͡ÿγûʮͷ֮ڣǡҪɱޣ䵥ĺ޳֡޵Χ߽ʿҲЩޣΪ޹
ҶصһСƿ鵤󣬽Ǳ𽣷һͷⳤĺȡֽǺ봢УҶ˵
Ҷ·ſɱһͷ֪׺ޡ
ȽʯĴһ죬ҲһҶʹáƽֻҪдţԱⱻȺ޵ķ֡
ʿ򵥵Ľһ֮С
СҲһ뿪˰Ƚ

Ҷ˵轸ңɱޣȻԭġ
ھŲʿ۷塣ʿεƿΪ޷ǿȥҪȡͻƣﵽߵľ磬Ҫ㹻ĻԵõΪʿ۷֮ʿֹͣʼȫѰ
ҶѾұڣõһˮ֦ϸڣ赣⡣
ڰλ߽鵤ʱˮʯϸˮֻ죬ˮƽ𵤣ͻƽƿ
ڰ˽鵤Ѷȼ
һλͬʱһԼ
ֻҪʮ֮Լ죬ܹһɹƳ㹻Ľ𵤡ʱһǿͻƽƿֻʱ⡣
Ҷزûн𵤡
һȽ𵤸鷳ҪǾС١
ÿһŲʿͻƽƿʱ򣬶С١Ӧ׽٣޴ɥСٵ۷ʿ
ÿһ۷ʿͻƽƿʱ򣬶֮õСٵ׼Ϊס׽ٶһҼֵ׵Ķϵķٵ鱦֮ÿһͼͻƽƿ۷ʿ˵ⶼǱرġ
ҶѾһԪ𽣣һˮϵˮ顣ǹ⿿ڱҪʼ׼Ԫ
⼸֮ڣľϵԪϵԪƳ
Ҷ߽ףŲ۷壬ǸʱµԪҲƳÿ̷½𵤣ʱɽ٣ͻƳΪʿԪ
Ȼˣڶɽٽᵤ
̫Сˣһ𵤣϶Ҫ䡣Сϵλض֪˼ɽ١λʱ᲻ǸвǷָ棬˭Ҳ֪
Ҷؿɲðա
ȵ۷壬Ҫɽٵʱ뿪ڶҸ˼ĵطС

ҶضɴСĽʯϣ鿴һ½Ľǵ죬һ򵥵Ļ󣬿ʿϢⱻе
˳һԡһʶչȽΧ֮أ뺣УѰҺеĺޡ
ȽΧĺײ̫Ѿס
뿪ɱ֮ǰѾһĺ޽ͼ¼⸽ĺ޶Ϊͽ׵ˮϵޡľϵͽϵĺޣҪľϵԪͽϵԪ벶ɱຣޣȡǵСȽûĺ࣬Ӧҵຣޡ
ǹޣ׽ϵޣΪɫǹͷһɵļǹԴҡڰȽʯʮﴦнǹ޳û
̼ޣľϵޣɫ̼޵ɴһɣٸںɫ̣ľϵԾ綾ںζٻһΣգǻᱬѣ̳˷ȥʮɷΧ޿⡣ȺĴ̼ɱˣ߽׺Ҳַϲסںɵں׻ᷢǹ⡣
ҶĬͼ¼ϵĽܣʶǱ뺣УѰֺ޵ڡ
ڰȽΧĺףȻ˴̼޵ټǳȺſںʯϣʮͷ֮ࡣֻҪһͷϻᱻ̼֡
Ҷزüͷ
ΪȻ׵ĵͽ׺ޡǱɺףںײһȺ̼ޣѶȻЩ
Ŀ⣬Ƴſڽϵĸ⡣
ʶʹ£ңĻˮУ򺣵ȥ
Ҷֳһö顪ˮ飬ǱˮС
ˮΪˮϵܼΪԦˮγһȦտˮֽסںж
ǱºжңҶظоһѹԽԽˮּƤʱ׳ǵ΢âԼʮ֮ࡣ
ӦþǴ̼ˡ
˹ȥ͵һɺγһŨīһĻǺˮӿ̼ޡʬںˮУſµɱ
Ⱥ̼ޱʬմȾʱ˼ҵķӦ
飡
ž
ǱѣǧƵĶ̳ΧĺȥΧζĺȺʱ꣬һƬ
۷壬ʵԶͽ׺ȡ
ؼǣǸ嶾ϵĶأ⸱ͷܣ㱻ʮٸ̸ͬʱУҲʹ
ܿ죬ʮͷ̼ޣ
ҶǵϽңָһӣâǵǰѰڵҵֱҴб档Щ޵ĺǣòϣҲ˷ѣֱȥʬ

һΣȥ
ҶڰȽϣոһյɱź׵Ĵ̼ޣǵУһɫĴ̼ԪԴҶ˰Ƚ֮󣬺Ҳȵѡɱޡ
ҶҡһµƿеһԪʼ˿
һس߳˿Ѿϸ¡˿ϸпٳɳ˴ľʯ֮󣬽ڹȥİµĹ򣬱㳤ΪһɫС
˿񣬲ºɽ硣
˵У˿һ紵֮ʿԪҲߵʧ֮С˿ƳķзֱӶҡ˵ԪԪһضҡ
Ȼˣ˿˿ҲкܴĹϵԽõ˿ԽǿʿѹҲԽ
ЩֻҶ˽
˿Σδ
ϸһ˿񣬺ķ˴ľʯǧݣ߽ԭϡ
Ҷ뿪Ƚң˴ĶڱչϥĿ
ʱüѨϸڡ
һâСƮڰУŭŸм˿˿Ӳޱȡʹ𽣣˿
ÿһ£˿һġһ죬ͬ⴫һ㣬ϸڵ˿Ļꡣ


327 С
Сʱһԣմ֮С
ֻͬϸڲɼ۵ĳȺľ䣬Ǻ˾һճմž׷׹ڵϡ
˴죬СŻȻѹʱŭƲ죬ٶȳ˿˹ȥǡһٶԡ㣬˴µĹ򣬿ϰٽſһЩľ䣬ȴҲûѹ
Ҷشľϸȡһ˿ִӻϸڣȡһС棬ʼĵڶԪ˿
¡
һСɵĹâڱչڿٷ衣ɶ֮ʱᷢ
ҶشΪ⡣˿֮Ч˴̼޵ԪҺⵤҺ綾ޱȣһˣԡ
һգϵĲʿҵ
ϧܿʧҲûгֹ
û֪ǴﴫģеʿǴСϯʿûλû˸ȥҶصĶ̽
һ꣬ҶصΪոմﵽڰ˲㡣

Ҷزδͣ£˿֮ϿʼһԪ
ȽңȡеĽǹޡ
ǹ޲̼һ㣬ں׼ںеζٶȼ죬գۼ䣬ܷɴڳʮԶͷĽǹ˲̴ܴӲޱȵĽҡ
Ȼǵͽ׺ޣǱȴ̼޸ѲϵʿٻȥǳȺĽǹޡ
ڣҶѾһ˿
ոƳ˿ܵͣǶԸͽ׺㹻ˡԪһ˾󲿷ֵͽ׺ޡûʲôͽ׺ֵܹס˿깥
ǹ޳֮к󣬵ȴǵģһġ

ҶİȽϣһȥ
Ҷشӽǹ޵֮УһԪ֮ٴ׵ػҫͶǹ޵ԪƳɵԪ
ԪΪϬԪƼס֮Чų޼᲻ݡȻ޼᲻ݡ󲿷ֵͨסĹ𽣺˿ҲһϬ
ˣҶѾӵżڼصԪе
ʱΪոմﵽھŲ㡣
Ǿ߸ЩҶҲ֪ʳ˶ٺʬÿһǣɵķĹ
һգҶһ㣬ڰȽһĬ롣
ѾﵽŲΪԪѾɡ
һ뿪ǰѰһ㹻ȫʺϽᵤĵطˡᵤ֮ЩѰҡұˡͼҲûоȥĸ졣
ҶĬš
ͻȻƵĺ棬ǰһ̻գʱѾȫƹŰȽҵϿʮ﷽Բ
ô˵ͱ䣬ͻȻˣ
Ҷشһ£ֹ
ĳ棬ӦŻСⶫϴ˽ʮ꣬Ȼ֪籩⽸ҵϴšҪպôӰȽҵϿϯ»ᱻȥ֪ôġøϽĶȥܱܿ硣
վóһ޴һУջشУȻⳡ硣
ҶسһǣȻûսȥ
ҶزɳһԵĸȥ
Ǿڵϣ̧ͷѱաڵۿУŵĺâͷôſ조ŭХ
ȻĿûзκȴХ״˿ҶصҲᣬֻųյƷŭСùͷУӿƺ
Ѿʧˡ
Ҷ𾪵˺һ
˿̧ͷѸӿ۵ơԺҳһţͻȻһ˼ͷС٣
ﵽٽ㣬Ҫɽˣ
Ҷص˵𾪡
ǽȴƲסĿϲ
Ȼһ߿ãԼܹɳ൱һʿȻĳɳѣϾҲڳɳһͻơ
ݡ󷨡ļأڵǿԶɽٳΪڵ
ԼȽҽʮ꣬еĺʬ˴ѾԸӵĵزڵͻһˡ
Ҷ뵽˺󡣵ȴӭ١ģҪⱻ

Ƚҵ״ܿ쾪СϵʿһʼǼҶһΪǺ磬ǴҴææܽԱܷ֮ء
ǣܿʿֲԾ
ǴƬƣڰȽҵϿգƣƥɢԽԽˣٳûжԲһƶٶȷǳ죬һط
塣
Եϸ۾ŵԶյһơģһȺɫԾʿЩ֪롣
ɫԽԽ
Ӻѹѹ֮Уᵽһ޷ڸסѹڰȽҺϿռ䣬ԽȳŨҡ
Ȼйʿɽ٣ֱ
ԴŭһԾȻ仯Ϊһ˵Ķݹ⣬Ƚ

Сϡ
쳣ࡣ뵺ʾһȺıʿһչ⣬ŵ
һСӱչصڳʿ԰꣬յƣС֮УŨأƺǽڹ޳ֶһʿֻҡУҵùȥֹɽٲСȴڴ˵أҪóȻȥ
ǣ

ȽҲʮʿ˲Ծ֮̿СŨҵйʿ֡
ǿλȺ˰Ƚҷ
ǵΪ΢ɲȥ鿴
Ҫ֪Сγɣ׻û¡ҪһСģСٽµ׸ˣĿ̫ԩˡǽʿҲСĽ

СƬ̹ԴڰȽҵϿգƻ֮ԶͣһͷſڰȽϣͷĳյơХȴŴս׽١
ôһͷ
Դ¶졣
Ϊһʿڴ˵ضɽ٣ȫû뵽Ȼһͷ
ڵĹʿ޷ģǽڵԽȻ֪ͷôȽϣɽ١
ⲢҪ
ܽͷõһͷʵ
ԴɫʱɷŭתΪϲ
ڵԶһĽ޸Ϊԭܼ򵥣ɽ̫ˣҪ˵ǽڵ
ڻֽܳӭС٣ɹɽٳΪܳ֡
ʱҲܺ⡣
СӰڰȵϿա
ˣ
Ե΢΢һ䣬ĿϷȷֵģȵȵã뿪ˡ
ߡ֮˼֮ô˵ǹˣ
һЦ粽á
Ц
ҪͷԵˣҲϼȥ
⻰Ƶĳ˶ˡѾʮûжĳ˵뿴㾿˶ٹ
Եɫ
Ǻǣ˴˱˴ˡ
Ц
λȻڷ罻񣬵һĵزȴʼûж֡
Ҫͷõɹɽ٣ΪСһɽʧܣС»ΪҽǵĶûκ塣


328 
溣һƬѹѹƣԽԽڰ԰ȽΪγһɷԲʮĺСʱɼУ׹磬衣
Ƭ֮λСҲֹͣνϢǰһĻʿС٣Ȼ֪еգһӦʧ󣬱ٲ³֮ܲܿɹһ٣ʵ˵
ȽϵĸɽڼԵԽı겻
ԽԽȵΣգƴһŨҵĺɫȫûһùеĺ˳ͷϷʮ֮γһɴСĺʵܣ಻٣պýȫڵס
λĿж¶Щ죬ʬοȥһܷôȻֶΣ
ͻȻһ׹⣬ꡱһ·İȽȥ׵ĹâɲǼ䣬˰Ƚ棬һжԵޱȲ԰ס
ǵףкɫܡǺεȵľˡ䣡һʬܺɴ糤Ƭȫըѿ¶
꣡
ţһ״¶ĸȥ
ƺ֪ڽ֮´һţ³һö˶աöѾ۷ȫһɫʹǵײһ
䣡
ǵɫȻ˵ڶס
ǵ֮ѸʧȥҲŲסˡһڽήҲ˻ȥֵյơСٻûнյ˿ûɢȥ˼
꣡
ٶȴȽϵ
Եɫ΢䡣
ɽУ޲ʿһ㣬ƷԿ١ȫƾ֮ٶԿܹƾһ֮ɹٵޣ֮١
ͷƺûֶףʣµȫ⡣
Ҫǳʩֵ٣ȻܾǣһԻ׼Ÿ鷳
ԵһʱԥǷҪ֡
֮䣬һ׽ըĺǿѣҵʯסҪٲ֣Сٸ׻٣汦ɾҪװ˷ѡ
Եٳɣһ˦һƬʮɴСϼ⣬ȽϿϯȥ
ۿţԹۡ
ɽС٣ͨήסŸոյѡԵԼķȥףͷɹС١
ȻСٵ£ƬϼϡƬϼһ󶴣޹⡣ѸСصԵУΪԭΣһԪ
Ũܵƣ֮󣬿ʼɢȥ
ʯ˳˦˦Դٶ˳շԲʮﱻ״ɢĺɫʬö󰵵Ա֮ǰ࣬ʬΪһҫ۵Ĵ򣬹Ĺ
ȻޱȵɢƣȴѾһͷ졣
ѾͻƣΪ˽
һԭźʬùͷѾɫӨ͸ԭȱһĿѵĺǣҲѸٵĸϣøӼӲ
Եջزһս˵ƶʹŤԪѾԪ˽֮ã޴󡣽Ϊ˾ٻˡ
ԵΪʹʱһֱԹ۵һȻȽֱȥҪշǸոն٣еĽ
ң
ԵŭС٣ȻҪˣĺ顣漴˹ȥ
ʶôøңʮƿ赤ΪлǲȻҶˣһڴˡ
ߣסҪУպĳ˵һϯ֮𣿡
磬һڰȽϿմ֡
Եǣ䵽·硣

Ҷͷʹޱȡ
ͷڴ˵ɽ٣Ѿе֡
Ϊ˱ܿС٣ǱȽĺУ׼𽣡Ԫڹؼʱһ֮١
ǣû뵽λȻͬʱ֡
飬Ŀɿڴ
Ե֣ԷףɹɹС٣ΪΪͷڰȽմ֣֣Ĳݡ
ҶǱںˮУϢмҶʿľе
ȻѾŲ㣬Ǻͽʿ̫ʵ޷ʿǣҲĿԼ˶ʮǸߡ

Եɣ̳ȥҪ޴СȻشúѱһ
Ҷ޿̡ոնɽ٣ޱȵڴհȽΧʬҪڱϣָԪӰ졣
һöȭͷͻȻӺмסԵȥ·
ԴȻһ٣ͣ¡ӦöеϢСٵ׵Ϣһըһס
˭ڴ˴
ԵһȣʶΧĺɨȥ
Ҷ֪ܲҲأһűѷӺг˳Ц֣Ҷأݼλ
Ҷʦֶôڴ˵ء
ԵҶأüͷ
ţҶѾŲʿɵĳһ
ҶЩ꣬ڶǱ޲ֻڵͽ׵Сͯλ鵤λҲҶصչ
̶ʮ꣬㣬Ų㣬ɽǼΪ顣ܿҶص֮ˣ֮졣
˺İȽңڴ˵زɱޣƵãڴ˵ضɽ١ҪлԵһ֮ɹɽ٣Ϊ˽
ҶЦ
ߣҶʦֶҪտƾ˵֮Ϸ㻹뿪˵أñˡ
Եɫ粻ҶķϣɱҪˣ˭ҲС
ҶسĬһ£ͻȻԶС˵Եˡţ¹һʿֹǣ
Ӻ׷
תۼôһ£Ц
ԭҶʦֶڴ˵ҲˡԵǰܶҶʦֶõģĳڴˣκβ㣡
ûκԥվҶһߡҶصΪȻЩҶܲٿ߽ʵһʿȡһˣκβԵֻҪֹԵ֣£ҶأôѹԵҲδزܡӽƽƽľ棬Ҳˡ
лִԣ
ҶصһЦͷԵ
޷ԵλʿԿǱ˻һλĻǵĸԵŸɡԸ⿴Եǿ޷ƺĵزǣƣԵĽûôס


329 ΧԵ
ҶвٿһöɫСűѷֽסԴһŵĵЦԴСʿڰȽĸݵĽסˡſڰȽϣͷ
м䣬ҶΪš
ʵ㣬ðճ赲Եȫʱ䣬ȴ߽ΧĺЩ˵ǼΪ
Ҷؾעλ𵤵ڷɿԼһж
һЩָԪʱԴ߻ֱ뿪

ԵɫĿгŭǰЩӣҶضˣȻԸڽ֮ǰûеҶһ¡ҶһӵͷȴþǱǶ˵óѣ֮λİȣ
ĿɿɨҶضˡ
Ҫڶʱڻɱѡ˽֮ãҲûκεɱҶʿȴ׶ˡ
ԵһݣɱҶزСԭȻţҶظޱȵΪƸ߽鵤ɱ֡ڣ˵ĴڣѾҪҡ֮λòɱ֮
ҶʦֶϷһᡣ뿪Ϸ㵱ʲôҲûз򡭡Ե˵
˴ȻһһâзɳǵصĽâɲǼпӿԾ˵ƳҶϯ
Ҷ̲ԵӿɱһݣҲеıѷ
䣡
ʱöƮڰеף͵ıըһɫףԵ˹ȥ
ȱ
ԵİæýâתȥֵǵɫסޱȣһС٣ܲˣֻ÷Ӳ
Եʿʵ׽ϵֵҲ׸ĵʮɡ׺ڽâϣâԳԭΣȻһ𽣷ϱըĿӿݣѾ׻ٻ
׶ʿ൱ҪǶԽʿ˵Ͳʲôˡ
ԵԥĶϵĶ׽𽣷ֻ̽ԵĹѣȻϵҶ̵ױѾʹ
ٶɵĹ⻪ȻˮϵɽΪʮɳ޽˵⣬ŭڵĹҶأСӣ
׷Ҷһ
Եʢ˵һλ˿ȥҶʦֶȥٿĽһͬʰλԵ
ڸղױըһӵĹС¸ЦһѾͬ׳׷סԵǴҪңԵлṥҶء
ԵŭȴòؽֵĹ
Ҳڱ벻һеɱҶأȻͷٶԸСҶѣٿؽԸǸӵ鷳
һ󼱴ٵĽ
ԵٿطסȴȻûʰҶأһţһɫΪһƥľ磬Ҷشȥɫ̺ķǰļ׷ֹǿʮ
У
һʧΪɱСӣԵȻҵԪԳˡԵʱҲٶԪ
ҶظǴ󺧡æԪ桢âңѤޱȵԪɽǰͬʱˣ䵽˰Ƚϡ
ѾȽΧʮھ󲿷ֵĺֻʣûոɾʱĽѾָ൱һֵʵ
ҶҲ˲Щˣʶٿؽߴ赲Եķ
гҶն˹
Ҷذһȫ䷨ԪâţӭսǱС׵壬𽣽˿
ɡ
𽣱ྷɡ
˿ɡеĹƣ֮ԪȺ󱻻ɣǵĹâѸٰǳɹĵ˻δκ١һҶֽ˻ֵ
ӲȻڲϵıƽҶأȴҲҶصԪסˡ
Ҷؿ಻ԣΪ˵Уڵķȥ˽һ롣
ڰжԴСе𾪣˿Ҷء
Ȼ֣ǰ̫ڵ͹Ҷصʵڽʿ˵õԪԭϣƳԪҲ£οһڵʿԪҶӵ֮࣬һֱڽ𡢻ľϵңҶزǽʿѲĽɫ
ҶҧԷ֧סԪֵУʶȫٿ
ûڼպ
ҶسԾķ֣Ϊ֮ʶȵǿðһĿľܾ
߽Ժлдһ˳ӵʮΪɴڡ
ɲԺг
Ҷط֮ʶȫӿ˽ȥѹǹɱѹ֮£ǹ˳ӵѸռǹɿ񱩵ڱѱ
Ҷһ
ãǰٿͷʮ߽꣬ʵ޷ס
ĿⶢԵ¶׹⣬ſһŨīȳҺаĻмȥžҺڻΧһâϡ˻˻죬еĹâѸٰȥʧֻҪСƬ̣ҺͻƹâմȾԪϡ
ʬҺ
ԵһæлػС
ۻʬҺȻԪҲܸʴԪ£ϰ֮áһսɾҪ½һء
ͬû뵽ҶغͽȻסԵղһȻסԵԵ޷ȫʩԸҶأҶֵزҲˡ
Ҷ֣лԵ
᲻ܴ뵽˴Ҳٱ
ǹһţɳһɫǹԪһƬʮɹâԵı˹ȥ
ٴŨĺҺԵȥʬҺʬŨɣ֮ҺĶˣʲôӰ졣ЩʬҺԵĻϣɿԵķ
ҶҲ˲÷أԪȫѹϣרԵı֮ĹȻ΢ҲԵķ
һΧԵ񹥲ֹɫâҫۡ
Ե־ŭзгԲǽʬҺͷʹѣȥֻҪĿշȻСһУЦɾʹˡ
ԵǷӻشټһȺʿս
ͻȻҶص˿һ⴫Եɲǵãǹ羪׺㣬һǹĻ֣ļͷȥһƬѪ⡣

Եʹһѹ͵תΪһ⣬Ӷȥ


330 ֮
ԴǹһȾ˴ƬɫҺԽӲ֮С
֮
ȻҶȥȫѹס綾򼲶ݶȥ뷵ĶҶֵķâ
ڴϵĶл󷨣ֻҪ棬ȡһʱ䣬ƳǿԵ߶Һ
Сһ´󹦵ǹȴû׷ԵڰΣĿɨԶݶȥԵɨҶصĽ
׷ɱԵ֮䣬ƺԥһ£Ӧһá
ܳûһɱԵȻٺòӴ˴СΨкôСʵӣͬž޴ĺôн֣ȥɱ˵ԵҲ˼ְա
Ҷؼȥ׷ɱԵͣԭжʱһ£
ԵŸոձǶֱߣС̰⡣ͷʬҺʿԪҲܸʴʿһ·̰Ҳ֡
ңղŻԵ໥ǣţĴ̫աԵѾߣֻλʿȽĴɱȸղŻΣա
ԵˣԸһ֮ǰԴһ¡֪Σ
Ҷسûö⣬æȰ˵
ߣϷҪĽͷȥɱԵҲ١ԼǴɱȡϷȰ㻹һ㣬ϷԿȥʮķϣһ
ĳ쿴ȥЦ
ɱң߽Ȼһ׵顣ƴһҲҪͬʹĴۣҵСһϧʧɱԵռδ̫ϧɱȵõһֵˡ
ҶɫͬһȻվڰȽӲľ޴ѹ˵һֽԪһְڴϣѾȫһ׼
ͬ׺ݵĵԾԾԡ
ĿҶأĬһ¡
Ҷسţƺ֣Īǻʲô˵ֶβɣҶ֮ǰһѾ˴֮⣬ʲôֶûʩչҲ֡
ûֶΣͷԪʱҪҶҲ¡ûƬ̹ǽҶصġ
ԵصĶֻҪƬ̹ܿ󷨣˿ڵ֮ǸʱҪɱԵɾˡ
֮䣬ɱԵΪء
Ѱ˼һ£ȡᣬһЦҲգСеʶϷ򲻶ãȥɱԵ³֮ϷСһ롣߰ɣ
˵꣬ҶصĽͷָָҶһͬȥɱԵ
СҪǲϷȥɱϷֺݶ
ƵĿ£ҶΣֻܴΪһâȥ
ɶȥ
ʱСγɵĴƬѾɢȥձա
һȺϰѺͱʿľ֮£ķȽʲô״ԵڰȽռҶȻ
ЩʿֱǴС£һΪɣ໥֮俴˳ۡλƴˣЩԹۣ
ɱ
СˣֵΪ𣡡
ֵǣҪܴʿˣɱȺ󵺵ʿ
ϣȫս֮УలµʿʼѪսɵͨʿҲҳһƬ
ļ£ҶزòȥΣȴԽ˼Բߡ
λüֵұס
һλʤܣ϶Ҫ군κһλһӵнʿڵϡңҲĿŽ뿪ģ϶Ҫ߽
һϣԴСûκ
ǰǣҶп಻ԡ

塣
ɽһܱյĶΧҫһѤĽɫ⻪ȻѾסһȺʮʿĿɺ죬ֳַڶǰһȺʮʿҿ񹥡
СƬ̹ûĹǵʿɱٱòءӣҲŲ˶ˡ
ҶĬȻעһС
˵ʿȻļңȴ⡣
ʿܵԽ죬зԽıֻ޲ܷɶԶɶԶ
ǣҶƳһԱ߲Զ
ı£Ҳ첻λŭˡҪŭ֮²һе׷ɱҪˡ
Ҷɫƽ侲ĵȴʱֻҪԵûл
ֳһɳɴǹۿսݵȻͻȻХԵɡٲЩͽͽﶼҪˣʱ¼ҹһҲû˼ڳˡ
Х䡣
䣡һŴ󿪡
΢ֵԵֳһ޴ĻУӶڴ˳ŸղڶݵϢͷ˿ѾȫϣҲûκɫҺȻѾ˱֮
ԴһһȵѹֶſڣʿǶʱһƴǡʿƣѹȥ˿
̫ˣΪǶ֣ܽĳ˸ϳϷվ㲻ϧԪҲҪǶնɱڴˡ
Դϸе۾СҶأ˸׺ݵĹâ
˭˵Һ֣
һֱĬҶأͻȻϵ
ô㲻Ǻô
Դһ㶡
ǰҺСֻ֣ΪҽѡֻҪ㲻ҵȻΪУԺʹ
Ҷص
ԴͻȻ׹ԵʳָϸһѪۣջһҶشҶʦֶϷѪģֻҪͶϷ򣬺ϷһͬɱϷΪ״ӣȫͻƽ𵤣ɹС١ӽϷʲôʲôСҲ㡣ΣѪģһΥѪɽѾǼԡԵĳ⡣
ã
ҶسһڴӦֻ뾡뿪֮ǰԴСǶУҵ뿪Ļᡣ
ңϷҪɱ㣡
ȴԴŭ
ûϵҶͻȻתͶԵûϵԵϧѪ£ҶءҪҶر£ȥԵҶ֣Ĵɾ쳣Σˡ
ʢŭ֮£ǹҶؿ̹ȥ
Ҷ̼ܣͬʱ˲˦Ԫֵɷǹ
ԵЦһӣлΪһƥĻɫâɨɷǹסҶӦ
ˬԵŭˣٶȼһΧһȺʮʿһȺʮʿҲ׷׳໥
λɡˡ²ˣ
ҶؼλѾˣ֪ʱѵã漴׳һϣҪޱȵ
ˣ
оԼˣˣյĳڱʿ
ǣ
ʮͽסнʿٿظɫҶΧ˹
ҶسΧڱʿƳȥһһӣԪ貵ĹâΧЩʿ˹ȥ
꣡

Ԫһ㷨ԵֵǺʮͽ׷ײһЩͽ׷ž׷ױıѡ
һŨīʬҺʿܲ
ʮʿһҶأ׷׵˿ʮɡѹִСλ£ˡǰλھŲʿʵЩͽʿֵܵġ
Ҷ赲ԦϣŽʧա


331 ѰҶɽ֮
Ҷ뿪ԼĺգȴͻȻ¶֮ɫ⣬ʮʿԦɫںǻš
ЩʿԶðŨ̵ɫ¶֮ɫΪ֮ˣҶϵãԭ۷ʿǰľϡ
ľϣ
ҶسǷ˹ȥ˷ɫԳΣͣȺʿǰʵ֣ô
ľʱûмҶˣͻȻҶأһ£漴ӦҶϵܣ㣡ҲӳܻҰ
Ҷʲô
ľϿЦ˵Ƕܵľ
ԭλ֮СѺͱʿɱһҡ
һȺסϵʿΪ˱ʿĳͻ⵽֮׷׷뵺죬ܻ¡Ǵ󲿷ֶʿסѣ뿪ǲλ£ȻԸⳡĳͻ֮С
ľϺƽʱһȺʿĺֻһȺʮʿ԰ľϵΪߣΪŲ㡣нףΪͽס
ľͬʱʿһҶصݣʶֵܣҲǴСϯʿ
ԭҶʿ
ҶѺã
¿׺꣬½ʿˡ
ʮʿ˰ľϵĽܣʱ¶;Ŀ⣬׷ǰ
ʮǰһʿ䶯λƸΪϯʿǶ¡û뵽λʦȻǵǰ˵ᣬѾŲ㣬ǵΪߵİľϼһ
ЩʿҶصĿ⣬ȻǷľأȫ
ҶϵܣոմӳڵϵΣλ˭ռƣľϽʶ֮󣬵ĵʵ
ԴǹˣĿǰСռơ˫Ѿɱۣ˿̻ڴǵ໥ɱֻ²һǲˡ˭ʤ˭Щ˶ܻȥˣ뿪ǡ
ҶЦЦ
Ȼ״ľϵ˻֪ڰȽС٣ⳡҡ֪λЩʲô
ҲòٻȥˡǰλƾУ໥ǣţ׶Щʿ˫һֳʤҲûй˼ɣ϶ҪЩʿ鸽Ҫϰȵסȥɾˡ֣Ҷ֣ǻǰΪ
Ⱥʿм䣬һλɫƵ߷˳ǿ׺꣬ȳҶһ֣ȻɳƵ˵
ҶزĿһλɫƵߡ
а˵۹⵹ǲһ±㿴˹ؼ֮½
Ҷתͷľϵ֣ǲסȥˣкδ㣿
ȻȥֻȥеһʱѾڵ۷壬Ҳ޷ոԪ鵤Ҳô뾡ҵͻƽƿǡ
ľһ£Сķ򣬿ŨԽԽ࣬˵ǰеһ·ϼΪңԶʧܶ˽ͬУȻٺòˡҶϵܣһ߰ɣҲиӦλʿܹںϷֱ·
¾ͨǳܱ֮ںʧ·߳ɻ԰ȻִﶫеղλƵߣæ˵
ҳ֮ǰ˵һСϣһζ֥ȥһң鵤ںϱа취õġ
Ҷؿһ£ҡͷܾ
ж̣ҲʧңҪҵطɽ٣˶˷㡣ȥеңҲֻܰﰢľͨ鵤ΪڰľҪͻƽƿҲﲻʲôæֻˮֻӵˮϵʿáľϲˮϵ
Ҷ˵꣬ʿֵ𣬶ȥ
ľȰסҲֻãҡҡͷ
лЩơ
ʮĹ򣬲Ŵڵڰ˲ڵھŲ۷塣Ҷأ̶̵ʮ꣬ȴŲ㡣Ȼ֪ҶǺܴ
ˣǸϽ߰ɡλֳʤҲ߲
һСȺʿУΪʮ⻪ããĶȥ̤µɵ֮;

½Ĵ󷫴ֻẽʮﵽΪֹټߡ
ֻһЩһҵĵͽ׺ޣʿԶԸճ̶Ȳ󡣵ǹĺ޵ʵԽǿ㶼Ľ׵ĺޣȫǴ󷫴ܳܡ
뿪֮󣬻Ҫ֮ңĺ·һ֮ãִܵﶫеһ·Сͬޱȡ
ҶؼԦϣڱĺϼٷšߵĲ졣һݡͼᣬ鿴Լĺϵÿһ졣
ЩΣãȻ
ΪͻȻ뵽һ⡣
ȻͼϵЩ춼ѾԵʿ֣ôЩϣӦʿҲеҲ˵ȥһɽ٣ܻʿ
ͷʹ
ڶҲû˵ĵ죬ʱ⵽ϣ޷ĵĶɽ٣ͻĽƿ
Ҷ룬ֳϸĿһͼ
ЩϵС죬ÿһɫЩһһǻɫģɫġ֮ǰҲû̫⣬ڣÿһ쳣֮òע⡣
Ҷæͼ·עıעǳϸÿһĵΣֻû˵ûʿפ
·еһСעϣдţɫĵ죬Ϊ졣ɫ죬Ϊ졣
Ҷϸ˼һ£Ŀ⽥
һǳؼûʿڵϣ϶йϵ
ڵͼɫġ
Сɫ
С֮ԻдʿסһΪ½Ϊʺ򣬹Сûĵ죬㱻ʿˣҲûĸʿɵڵϳפ
ȥһûɽ٣Ӧòⶫ֮󣬿϶ʿסĻߵ졣

Ҷںһ˽һ¶࣬ҰΧڣڳһ﷽ԲĴĵĵƫ˶ɺ·ߣʿӦü١
Ҷؾȵǰ졣
Ĵɽ塢֡ϪһȱȻľϪ飬ЩͨľݡҪǣһǳϡĵ졣㵺ҲһǳϸСڵʿǿĵġʿפ˵صĿԼСҪ˵ϵʿˡ
ĵ죬ϺҪ
Ҷ¶ϲɫ΢΢̼֮ͣԦϣƵһȦĵò״ѡһʺϵĵطٶ
ŷٵϿգĿȥĿһݡ
⵺ϴڣȻéݣƺһ͵Ĵ䣬ڻ˾ס


332 ĵ
ҶؼԦƮĵգȴʮơ
Ҫ֪֮߳⣬ǲ̻ġϵ䣬ȽȽĪ׷ڴ˵ؾס
ǣյĶϣôַء
ҶţͻȻ΢΢һϸɿĶϱԵȥϼգ֮䣬˵һɳ̲Ͽա
Ҷس·ȥ
ֻһȺƤۼе׳ֳ֣ǿӲںɳ̲ϣɿԾССɳ̲ԶĺˮΪǣðݣƺʲôںˮС
ЩֲϵĳǳȻ޼
һͷ˻ߵľͺںɫЫӣӺˮл˳ֻ˶ǯɳ̲ĳ׷
ֻæ󳷣ɳִ̲ȥ
ͷЫβһ˦ಣȺһҽУһ֣ļбͷЫĶ̸䴩Ĺ㻯Ϊһ̯ںȳˮ
СģͷЫסˡ
ܿĶ̣
죬ż
һɫټƵɫžǺЫӲıϣȴĵ˺۶û¡żһ۾úЫӵķ
ҶտһĻȻԡ
Ȼ֣ڲһͷĽ׵ĺЫЫ㣬ҪҲܽЫɱͷЫҲ׻ˡ
ȺֵʵȻҲֻˡ
Щֻų˵˴֣ЫҲųֵʱ򣬴̳ʮʿ鵶ǹ˷ΧͷЫ
Ϊһڸ߽׵Ŀ󺺣ߺָЩʿ뽫ЫڴСֻЫʵԵҪסס
Ҷؿ˴һȤԭȺڴɱͷЫʮʿʰͷĽ׵Ыпͷġ
Ҷػţһ߻ʤĿԸһЩ
ͻȻһȥ
ϣƮһСϵɳ̲ϡ
һԼʮ꣬ŮӷС棬һİɫףɳ̲ϣͷЫȥ
⵺ϵֲʱźˡ
ЩʮʿΧɱͷЫ׷׶֮ܽСЫѱŭڴƴ׷ЩΧŹʿֲ֮ľԱݻ١
Ǵĵǵĵ̡ʲô
ɫء
Ůδ˵ڣ뺣ЫֻʮɾʱͻȻ¼٣һԾֳһ档
ȥ
һĽȣһɫ棬꣡ĻʮɵգͷĺЫӲ׸͸Ķ˴ֵĵ¡
ǺЫڵϣãβĶݹ̿衣
Ů£⻬۵СţһŲȥòǸݵ֫ϡžЫӲĿԴ͸ʯЫβӲǱ۵СŸˡ
ղһȺ˶޷ʰЫһһŸɾʰˡ
Ĵ󺺣ʮʿΧ֣ȻһŮڿһͷֲһ㡣

һ
Ҷһһ͸һͷĽ׵ĺЫͬСɡٱȵʿʵҪǣŮϣȫûзߡ
ҶضŮüͷ˼

Ůž޴ЫʬףС
صЫС°ء
ĳɳ̲ϵһȺ˿ȥ˵ں׷ͷЫѾЩˣû뵽ܵĵˡͷЫҵģǿ
Щʿ֣ûһǰȥ
ȻǰϵȻ޻˵
󺺵Ů˵ؿڱһΪ˲ͷЫӣ˺üȴᵶˣʵǲġƱǿǲǰŮ
ܿ죬ŮС뿪˵졣
ЩʿһȺֿ֣տգͷɥĴȥ
ҶؼѾҲмϷֱӷڵ죬Ⱥֵǰ档Щһ£⵺Ƿ߽׵ʿ
ЩּҲԾ
ͷĿ׳ϴʮִҴҶصǰޱȵ˵´ĵҴĴ峤ơλǰʿʿ
Ҷƽʵ׼ǰеֻǰ;ϴ˷򣬲ϣʿ
峤̵λסһλнǰڶڱչأٳ
Ҷû뵽컹ڵʿɲŶ⵺ǳϡǶЩʲôˣô⵺ϱչ
峤ЦǸǰһںʧʿżȻ˴ĵѾû㹻ʯãԲѣֻ΢ĵססһλǰѾкüʮˡ
ҶسĬһ£ʣʿ֮⣬ϻЩʲôˣ
峤λǰ⣬ʣµȦǱסĵˡ⵺һнһǧˣΪ䣬о󲿷׷ˣʮǵͽ׵ʿЩ඼ʿĺᣬ죬޷뵺ֻ⵺쳣ס
Ŷ
Ҷص˵ͷֻͽ׵ʿûжвʣµĶڵʿһ߽Ӧ⵺ϵһо档
˵Ҵ⵺סһʱ䣬ڴ˵ɽ彨һ֪⵺Ͽʺϵĵط
峤ϲæ˵ǰڴ˵ţǴĵдң֮á⵺ɽвٵĶʱڱ㽨õģǰֱáǰѡһá
š
Ҷ˼ĳһۣŮԦСѾӺʧ

Ҷ󵺵Ĵ֮зһȦδʲô״⵺ϵʿڸԵĶڱչأٳҶȻҲûмǡ
Ҷڵɽѡһ۵Ķ峤˽ʰһ¡
ǰмλ˵ŮӣǰǴŮ峤ŴＸòΪŮӣҶصĶЦ
ҶؿһۣȻǴƾɵԻƤףλ㲻ЩŮУżɫͿ
ⶴɨһ°ɣ
Ҷص˵
֮ĸɸɾƬȾ
Ҷؿ⣬֣뿪
ЩŮһɵˣʱޱʧ¶޾İԹ֮ɫ
ǰǿʲôĵطǲ⣬СĿԻλһǰ⡣
峤˹С
ɽУʿΪԽߣĺӵĿҲԽߡ峤ĴӶ༸ߣ׳ʵҲ֮УҲ㡣Ȼͷҵˣǿɾ̫ˡ㵱ʲôˣ
ҶЦЦĶ峤


333 ᵤ
ңǰϢŭСʵǲ֪ǰļɻ䣬ðСǰ
峤һͨһݵڵϣ亹죬ҲҴղҶ˵һɲǼ䣬һεѹϣս
⼸λŮȷʵǴ˽ҵ˼ϣ⼸Ůܹõҡ
ڶ棬Ϊѣһͷޣõ塣ĵĺвٵĵͽ׺ޣżϵÿ궼вٵɥں޵ĿС
ֵҵǣ⵺Ͼ汲ʿԺļҲϴ󡣵ǧм䣬вٶ֮Ϊͽ׵ʿһʵܹɱһЩϵĵͽ׺ޣկҪȻĵӵĴͱ޸ɱ⡣
ҪôӻĳЩȻԽԽáֻҪǰٴĵ񶼻͵ϵŮȥ̣ⶼǹ
ֻǣ峤ûϵҶزס
Ǹңں̲ɱͷЫŮʲôˣסʲôطˣ⸽жˣ
ҶһЦ첽ſڴԶ˵
ҴĵˣСĲϵ
峤ɫţҡͷϡ
Ŷ㲻ʶô֪аΪʲôĵ
Ҷػͷ䵭峤
峤ʱɵۣſڣ˵֪ҶһֱɱЫ̣Щ֪һ
˵ʲôˣ
Ҷһʮֲá
ǰСĲ˵ҲпԡȻǰѾ֪ŮӣСҲһСŮӣסڸһɵ˵ĵԼ֮Զǵסһǧ塣ҴĵЩһϵûС
峤ɫ࣬æ͵
Ŷô𣿡
Ҷصɫһ³סˣһ£ʵЩˣʵǿ𣿡
û󲿷ֵ壬ͨ˶һֻмӵ츳ӵ츳壬ӵһϡٺ
Щ츳
츳ܶ࣬Сֻ츳屻ΪʿǰʿˡɵϵС䣬ǿһӵ츳壬ɵϲʮ
峤Ľ͡
Ҷص飬
УɵʹĵǰΪả޶С֪ǵ֪ǰŮǷȤҿΪǰ·
峤ͻȻ
ˣ֮ĶԹûȤ֪Ҳ֮ס
ҶƳһۣһˣ°ɡҪڴ˵رչأûҵٻκ˲Ҫ˵ʮ֮ڡΪˣɱԹûѡ
ǣǰ
峤ͷٶ˵ҴҴżŮ˳˶
ҶԶı棬˼֮УĿ쳣
ʱ򣬱ڴ󷫴ϼŮӡֻǵǵʱûпУûжᡣû뵽ĵϣȻҲ塣
⼸ûнӴĶ壬ܲӼСģ
ȻֻһС䣬ӵʮ츳ĵͽ壬вС̫ġҪȫıչأͻƽƿɹС١ֻҪΪʿⶫвʿޣ֮١

ʿ˵ͻƽƿĽ𵤣һΪѵ顣
ҶȻˮϡҩ֣ӵڶƣǶڽᵤ֮Ҳκε
˶š
ڶڲһ󷨣СκʿҪ룬ᾪ߽Ѿ߽ͼ󣬲ܺˣɱۡ
Ҷطԡڶȼ˾Ʒ࣬գѵ״̬׼ý𵤡
ҶڴѾƳ
Ϊÿһö𵤣ҪһöˮζϡҩģЩҪ޶ʯϸֳ
ϣʯࡣ
Ҷرܿλע⣬Сռʯ
ʮ䣬۳߰˳ϵķƷһҲֻƳöˮϵ𵤡öˮϵ𵤣ֻӵˮʿá
ҶصҲֻˮƽˡҲûиʱ䣬ռʯ
Щ鵤࣬Ƕͨʿ˵ӵö𵤣Ծףκʿᡣ
ҶشӴĵƿȡһӲӵĽ𵤣һ£Ŀڸ˹
𵤽ΪһɰھۣʱȥԽԽǿʢÿһϸ΢ľ֣֮䳹ķκ͹裬׹ɵصĺһ㡣
ڣһޱߵ֮СдŵĽڶۿһſڵϳȥ
ҶھŲΪҲ޷Ƶȫͷ΢ɫޱȲ԰ס
裬޷ȼȡůĳ嶯ֻǣһ˹𵤣޷ֻǿʹࡣ
ףΪֻˮʿܷˮϵ𵤡ûˮʿ޷֧סϢֱӱɺС
´Ҵš
Ҫһö𵤵ԪķѰʱ䣬ȫա
֮ĳգĴһ㱡ĺ˪ҶصҲ⡣ȻһޱȵĹâ˫һš
öеҩ֮ΪѾھŲĳڣһٵھŲ۷壬Բľ硣
ǣϸȴǰ֮ɫ
Ϊö𵤣ԪھŲ۷״̬ȴû˿ҪͻƵļڵΪҲʿ޷ͽʿᲢۡ
ȥ

ҶһģϢ֮󣬷µڶ𵤡
Ҳûмһ𵤱ͻƽƿҲѾѪ׼ˡֻǳƿĹ̫ʹ࣬ҲеԳܡ
û뵽ǣһηý𵤣ʹй֮޲
õһö𵤵ʱԪЩҩڵϢ
һΣԪѾŲĴԲ״̬Ȼȫȥս𵤵ҩȴָ޷աŽ𵤵ҩԽԽǿʢںֱײĥȥ

֮ʱ·һ㡣
ҶصʹϺѪɫϥڶмһݵϣɫƽĮڶöɵҩں޼ɣԪȴ˿ͻƵļ
µڶö𵤣ʧܸա
Ҽö𵤡ŲԲΪҲ޷˫תɵϢȽҩȥܼγԡ
ͷʹģڵҩȥ


334 ֮
Ⱥö𵤣ûͻƽƿҶʮɻ
ӵжö𵤵ʿɽѾΪټĽʿֻһ𵤾Ͳˡǽ֮ѣɽеĽʿǼ٣ʿνᵤɹģ
Ҷس˼ãԼ൤ʱͻȻһ
ǵԼǰ൤ŵĲ󣬷ɼҵ伮ʱ򣬷Щ伮мأýʱټϼΪĸᵤ֮Դȵ߽ᵤĳɹʡ
ֻ⸨ᵤ֮ͬʮֺҶǺͶ򣬶ûҵǵӰټѾö𵤣нϴİս𵤣Զ⸨ᵤƷҲû̫⣬ֱǿнᵤ
ڽö𵤣ǿгƿһʧܣòǸᵤ֮
ҶرĿ뵽һȴֻܿЦ
ĵʲôﶼûУеͽʿλȥѰ⸨ᵤ֮
ֻȰڵ̫ǿʢҩȫȻŷһö𵤡ǲУֻͣᵤǰеѰҸᵤ֮С

Ʊã׵ոһյĽţبδ䡣
һΣһȥ
ĵɽ֮ĳ۵Ķ
һգͻȻ󿪣Ҷվ죬ӳ֮Ķڻ˳ɫЩ԰ף˫֣Ŷյޱȡ
һУһΡ
ΪڵھŲĴԲ״̬ûκμʾԪͻƵĿܡûͻƽʱȻֵС
ʣγƿʧˡĵڴʱѾʧܵˮȴö𵤣ֹͣȥ
ڻʣö𵤡
û˿İտԽᵤ˷ѽ𵤣ԼѰҸᵤ֮ʹǲ١
һҶҲȫջ
Ȼûܳɹ𵤣һȴǿԪ
ڵԪѾﵽԲ״̬𵤲ҩѾ޷աЩҩܳͣڣ뻯ȥС
ɴཫϸڣתΪԪЩԪһУڵԪա
ͨķǵͽ׻Ǹ߽ףһƳ¯޷ġ
Ԫ⡣
Ԫеķ֮мΪء
ַԪʿڵﴦʿԪԪƷʣոһǿ
һոճ¯ԪһĶ׷ࡣʮ֮ԪȵԶĶ׷
Ҷ۷ʿ˭Ԫǿ˭սԽǿԣɽ֮УһϵԣԽϵ۷ʿʵսԽǿԭˡ
ֻǣһԪĴԪԳֻھŲʿŻжԪȥԪһʿΨԼΪߣ
Ҷǿнᵤȴ޷ЩҩɴཫöҩתԪȫԪ̶̵һʱԪյӴԪȵʿ
Ԫȵıǣ֮ĳЩڳʿԪҲѷɫϴСλƾԪҪҲԵֵһ
Ҷ뵽˴νǱϲӡ
ȻΪᵤʧܶƣȴΪջ񣬶˼ܡ
Ԫ൱һʿϰܲԪ֮Ѿʼֳ
𽣣һͷųɽΧγһƬɷΧĺ𺣡ƬУ᲻ϲѻܹԶɱˡʹô˽ͨʿ޷ɽͬ˿µĵز
ɽûķЧȫʩչĻĽѾܹΪʮɵľ޽ܱɽɫҫĿâͬһ޷ֱӣ˸޷ɽڡΪϵƻǵ˾˵ĵزһ̴߽׷
˵Ԫֻڷͷйô˿ֱԵзԪ񷢶ҡԷȻ֪ɽԽʿӰж󣬵֪ԼԪǵס˿һУٵ״̬ʱ޷ѹ
ȻˣԪһأҪĵķҲӡҶŲ۷ΪҪͬʱԪ޷־ãСʱҪľȫķ
ҶضЩο
ȻᵤʧܣƳĽҲû˷ѵ
ҪǵżеԪԭռȫȫƳһнжô¡
ҶԽԽܣڶ⣬ɴཫâԪͷųĲݣռ𡢺졢ɫɽԪǵֲԪĳĸо
ڶСƬ̡
ҶͻȻһһУâҫ۵ԪΪ羧ӨСһ븹ڡȻ۾ɽԶȥ
ֻԶâڼĳĶ
ĪǴĵļʿ
ҶĪ⡣
ϵ峤⣬ĵϻסں·ʿĵʱ⼸ʿ˵ڱչ˫Ҳûм档Ƕн׺͵ͽףҶӰ첻Ҳû̫⡣
Ҷڶڴվһ
ǼâܿĶǰҶ漴ǵò
Ϊ׵һߣĸݣһ׵ۣϾȻкüƲҲ֪ʲôȻĵز
ˣȴλòƵʿһƶĽƺֵܡǶֻΪΪһء
ʿڶǰҶأĿвɶ֮ɫҶᣬȴѾ۷Ϊɽ绹ǺټģֻЩɵĵӲ
ߴҶһ΢ݡɽУǿΪ˿д̹Ц´ĵ棬λǽֵܡڴǰ±Ĵ峤˵̨˴ĵֻǵǻԵɣȻͬסһϣȴһֱûлһ档¸ղŲ̨سݻᡣ֪λ̨մС϶λɷ̨ʶһ
Ҷء֡λֵܡһǰ˵أ峤˵⵺ƺλʿ֪һλ
ҶĿɨˣЦ
ŶҶ˵ϵܰһŷ˿̱չص˽ҪͷδҶҪ֮ܳذɡ
˵˴֣ЩεʵǼλǰݻҶ֣һ֮룬ҶһͬǰҶҲ֪ĵϵʿ޼Ҹ˶סֱӿҲ֮١
Ŷʲô£
Ҷһɻʵ
ʿ֮䣬䱸֮Ķأǲұʿæġ
֮زʶδ档ߣȥҲðʧ嶯ˡððʧʧʲôҪ飬ֻ²׿ڡ


335 鵤䷽
Ҷ֣֪ĵһгɵĵ졣ɵסһԼǧ˵С䣿һеЦʵ
ţ峤˵¡ôǵ飬Сй𣿡Ҷ΢΢һ㶡
˵ĵɵ죬峤⼸ľס֮ءԼǰʱ򣬲֪ǨһС䣬ռ˳ɵϵľϵ˴ĵϡڴĵѾסʮ꣬ʹ˵Ĵ񣬵ȻӲֵܶˣϵܣǶԴҲʮֲޡʱʼҵ˱һֱ취С䣬ĵĴֻһ
Ȼ˵
ֹɽôãû߻ֹ֣ᷲлֱ˵ˣûҪҽڡ˵ɣɵǸС䣬õʲôôûʲôôҲɡ
Ҷһ䳰
ĵױҶһƣƤĺϺǺǴЦȻҶʹ죬ҲҶˡĵֹȻҲһЩ˽ġʱ򣬱ŶϵĳЩŮϼ¯ʿкܴİС͵ſڣвշ֮
šȻˣǾֱȥˡһС䣬ӦǺܼ򵥵顣
Ҷɻ
ͳˡСȻСȴּΪ졭
Ρ
Ҷؾˡ
ĵʿ֮࣬ҸϵΪôʰһС䣡
ҶѰ˼һ£ʵ֪С䶥ֻʮλʿʵʿࡣǵʵòС䣿
ҵҲΪˡҳڽǰǰɵ岿̽һȴ֣См죬ʵǿƾҵˣûʮİաһǿʧܣСܵţǨǰĵ죬ҪǾˣ⼸ҵһֱûж֣ڴĵϱչΪľǻøʵ
ҡͷЦŽ͡
ܿ˷˵û뵽ҶһǰĵϣǿǴĵʵҶֵΪѾڵ۷壬ʵǴĵһָҶܹһͬǰȥС䣬ƾ˵ʵǾһʧˡ
Ҷ֣ȻԵβһͬȥ岿䣿
ɵϵŮӣֵܶ˵󡣡
ֵܽ״ˣͬǵһΪڴͭĿۣҶء
ҶؿʼЩ׹ˡ
ѹĵϣ㷢˶ڱչأԭΪԵʡ
зɿһ£ȥɵǸС䣬ҪסнʿԼûʲôô
Ϊµ飬Ȥ
⣬ֻҪ棬ǲָ档ͬΪ֮ˣҲֹȥһС䡣
Ŷԭ岿ŮӣĿǰҺã׸Ҳ֪ѾھŲ۷壬޷ǿԪֻһƿˣֻҪȫѰҽᵤ֮ͬʱΪС׼ˡڴĵչһ࣬ٶȳأ뿪ĵǰеѰһԵû뵽ոճأλֻǣ¸Һ޹ϵҪȥɵԼȥɣȻ룬Ҳλ
Ҷƽľܾǵ롣
桢ֵܵˣʱ¶ʧ֮ɫϾҶصʵְǵĻһʵǿˡ
ȻҶذ˶岻ȤҲ޿κΡ
ҶֵΪ֮ߣСֵС£ȤҲҪСУ鵤䷽Ǽˡ
ʮεͷ
鵤ʲô鵤Ҷ΢΢һѯʡΪ൤ųĵӣ鵤űܵ鵤δ˵ȻŪס
Ҷֲ֪鵤
죬æ͵鵤޵ΪϣټһЩΪԭϣƳõ鵤ҩΪ䷽Ȼͬ䷽ǳ˵Ĳ䡣Ҳ;УżȻǰʿ˵¡
ҶĿɨˣɳĬĥ˺һԭǲֻΪŮӣǳ鵤䷽ȥġûԵʣǲȥɵġ岿ֵ鵤䷽ῼǣȥɵһˡ
֣ô֪С䣬һ鵤䷽
ֻǣҶлһЩɣʵ
ԴЦ
ֻҪ岿ʿ֣Ҹҿ϶鵤䷽ΪЩʿ㿿鵤ǿʵǿʵҶ֣һȥҵĶϷԼ֪Ϊϸһ⣬֮ϵܱչسǿһͬǰɵֻҪձܽᵢҶֵʱ䡣
ҶҲ֪ⶫϣҪҵҩķǳס鵤䷽ȫҩΪϣֱеǲѰԶѰҩࡣҶպ˽ʿҲõ鵤䷽
濴ҶѾЩĶޱȵ롣
ֵĸۡҾͲȥˡֵ֮ܳأңһȥɵ
Ҷسһ£ȻЦ˵ȥеȥеѰҽҪļζᵤ֮֮ǰչȥһ˳ɵг̡

ͽֵܶˣҶظǣظԵĶ
ֻ֣Ҫ˳ֱˣαרҶʿʱ̲岿䣬չε˺ô÷ָһݣװױˡ
·ϣ״Щɧ˵
졣ᣬΪȴ۷壬ҴĻأǵˣֻǸµĶ֡ҵ֮аǿ⡭δ֡ô˵ڴĵϣҪ£ôһݡǵĺ£Ϊ
ɫء
˵ܿҪ뿪ĵΪʲô뿪ٶ֣
״ɻ
ߣ뿪ĵҪô뿪ʺĵչشһʲôҪߣֻˡҿ˵˵ѣ뽵ǵķ֮ġĵʲôûУûʲôģֻˡ
治м˵̾һϷĹطʮ꣬ʣµԪֻ²ˣٵȥò岿䡣㾡ȫһƴҲϧˡԭȻòǸС䣬λҶʿǵİմࡣôһЩҲȫֵá
һ뵽ԼսȥԪбӿһĪĿֻšѾѪھ磬ϧðôˡ
鵤
Ȼ˵鵤кǿҵĸãҲ˲ôˡҪԪľ֮ǰΪŲʿֻܼ鵤ϡڽᵤʮãȻǻãֻҪһ߻ᣬҲҪƴȥ

ȥԸǸС䡭СʿôǿôǸ֮⣬Ӧûһλʿнʿη塣
ҶһֱԶĿջء
ãַض
ɵҪȥһˣȥʶһ˵ҲáΪܽԼȥ̵öĺôΡɽУֻи߽ʿõͽʿͽʿø߽ʿ


336 ɵʯ
գͽֵܶˣÿ춼ǰҶصĶݻᣬżдĵã̸һЩڶϼʶȤš
⼸ҶͨòͽֵܵĿУ˽ǲٵ
ò˵ĿǰĴ൱ȡ
ĵϣʯҲûҩ鵤һûСʮ꣬Ϊûʲôչ
ΪѾû㹻ʯ뿪죬ǰе
ǰǸСǨ㵽˴ĵɵ岿鵤䷽ȻǴߣ޲Ū֡
ҶûгڴĵҲС䶯֡⼸һֱڱչΪԭҶصĳֻ֣Ǵϲиаնѡ
˵Ҷڲڴ˵أĵʿͳɵ壬һѪȵĳͻ
Ҷغһ㡣
ĵʿͳɵ˵ĳͻûȤȥᡣѾö⣬ڳɵõԼȤ鵤䷽֮󣬱뿪˵أʴ˵طС¡
ֹա
ͽֵܶˣһİʿǰݻҶء
Ҷ֣λǴĵλʿ֮һԪϵܡոһŷأ˵Ҷ˴ĵȲǰҶ֡
˵꣬ЦǺǻͷʿϵܣλҶ֡һԿԼǱʹˣչ٣ڿɷˣ
¼Ҷ֡
ԪҶأɫ΢΢һ䣬ЩĹʩ
ţȻѾ룬߰ɣ
ҶؿԪһۣƽΪᣬһ䣬ֻΪ̫ԶˣѡҪŲ㣬֪¡
˸׳ɽһͬΪ⣬ɵ
ȥ·ϣҶѾ̸
ɵС䣬˳֣׳֡޷ӦĵˣΣյĻҶسְƽ³֮ҵ鵤䷽Ҷһ룬ʣȥ֡
ɽǿΪҶصȻߣｯȴòܡϾҶھŲΪһ˵ʵ˻ߣҲýܡ

ɵǸСĵ죬ԲֻʮһͰɽȡ
ɽһʮɸߴʯ֮⣬ĵطɢټƵСéݡвٵڳûڵɽּ俪ֵأͺ̲С۲㡣
ʲôʵĻɵҲǶһʮͨƽС졣
һգɫ֣߳磬ִﵺɽȵϿգͣ
ʿΣ̤ڵϿա
ǲδϢһǿҵѹڵϡǿҵѹͨԳܵġ˵˵Ŀ־壬Ǹܵǿҵѹ̧ͷճֵߣеĹߣӣ֮˷
⵺ǧƵˡʿ֮Ҳûʲôʶ޷̽ʲôܽʿҳ
Ҷشһ³ɵͨСȲ֪ĻΪ˾סĵ졣
Ȼ˵Ĵʮִ󵨣μ򵥣̻ضƤŮҲֻƤҪ¶ۼ͹ĴȣҲǾɵ޹鲼·Щ
ҰΧڲδʲô쳣
ҶԵʶɨ죬ûӦͬǺջɽʯͷЩԾȴ˵о
Ҷ֣ʶҲġɽߴһʯͷ岿䳤Ͼۼ֮Ҳ岿ʥأ峤ϵп϶鵤䷽ֻҪʯͷ£ǲ鵤䷽г
ҡҡͷָŲԶɽʯ
Ҹոٻĵ㹦ȥ̽һǿϹԹ԰䷽ǾͰˡǲϣһѻǵʯͷ
Ԫ¶׹⡣
ֵܶҲϵһȥֵܽ״׷׵
ҲáλϵܡϵܣСЩʿҪɱˣǻáǷֲԾ˻ءͷͬȥʯͷ̽һ
ֵܻԪ漴Ϊ⣬ֱַڵڹڼȥ
ʱɽʯͷΧѾټֳֹľǹеˡػʯͷΧҪֹ߿ʯͷ
ЩУͨˣҲʿ޷ֱ
ֵܡԪڳ׵ΪЩֵͨܵġ˳ȵʱЩѾ޴ѹѹſһƬ
ֻʣͽʿԼʿʵǿ֧վԭأǿż֧ʸɼҲ˵Ļֱָײķ飬ûκ˺
Ҷغ棬ͣڰУս
Ҷ֣֮ǰЩ߹Щ˵ʵˡǵõĻ˶֣ܽ鵤䷽Ū֡
״Ц
Ŷ˵ɡЩ˽Ӧòֹʵ
Ҷƽ
沢δ˵ʲôٺЦ
ڶԪλʿݿҳ֮£ɽڵܵļΪѸ١ǼͽʿҲûܳסƬ̣㱻˸
֮ǰнץһЩʿֻۣЩʿѾ˸ɱ⡣
Ԫˣʯͷаɾʱ
ס֣
ֻʯͷźȻ󿪣һһɵŨü󺺣ǵ˳Χһɳصصϱ鲼߲ȱڣһ֪ս
ڵǰһվŭ˸ߴģмԵúȺ
죬Щ̫ˣ
ѣƯɺʮòڳɵ¸ֱţ
⻹ʮͽʿŴӵڳ׳վޱȵĵߡ
ЩĵˣΪҳɵİǰ峤ϺйԼĵͳɵˮˮǽҲ䣬ôһ£
Ǵһֹ֣ʿĹŭȻ󳯶죬аеҶءʿŭʡ
죬ҵȽֻ輸ƷѡֻҪԸ裬ǰȻദǺЦ

һ£Ȼ̫Ը߽֣һСĴ۽ⳡͻĻǴ㿼ǡסʵ
㲿ڵı鵤е䷽⣬ҶȱλۣڹֽڿŮʿȥĵ֪ǷԸ⣿Ц
Ҳı붼롣Ҳֵܽãܸ㵱ۣ
Դŭ
ĳ˵ۣίǲɣȻϣֻöȡˡϵܣ֣ɫʱһȡ
Ԫõָʾһȣٿػϵͽ׷ɽΪһɳĺ޽âǴ͵ӭնȥ
ĺã
ʮŭһ͵ҵһţԷη壬һԾײ˹ȥ
Ȼĸߴ࣬ȴ쳣ݡȻһԾ֮£ѾǷɽ಻ɣһӣڹһ磬׼ޱȵĿڷɽĽϡ
ǻϵɽధһȻֱ󵶸ྷʮɣâѸȥǱϵɽ˲Сˡ
صĵϣҲһȱڡ
ⲻҪҪǴµʱѾƽԪʮ֮ԶǾٵն
֣һ֮
ԪΪԼķʹɫѾ䣬˫ּæʩչĳܵĻ赲󺺵ıƽͬʱˣһԵĽֵܼԮ
һǿʿɲǺ顣Ǵ󺺱׵һĻϵҲδܵסһնѣգ۹Сӡ


337 
ƮڰйսҶغˣ¶֮ɫ໥һۡ
ɫβס𾪡
Ǵ󺺿ӦһλнʿʵҪԪҪ߳һء
߸ʿȻڽȻͬϵ֮ͽʿ൱ʿʩ˵ͽı֡нʿ൱ʿʩнı֡Ǹ߽ʿʵЩֲˡ
Ҳкܶ಻֮ͬ
ΪóĻǲͷԶĹȻߵٶҲΪѸݣлּӳ֣ǼԸ͵˽ս
ʿǡǡ෴ûκηҲݷֻ츳ˣսΪͣΪʺϴӲսƺ֮ߣ֪ƣһ㡣
ҶسĬĿʯͷǰһĻие⡣
Դӵ˶֮ҶҲȵٹţ岿ʵΪСԶԶӴǿʢг֡츳ʿʣ߼һ͵Ŀ˵˿ڽ٣̶ҲԶԶ
ɵ岿䣬Ѿ֪һŮнʿǰҲнʿһ˿ڲǧС䣬ѾλнʿʵδҲ̫ǿ˵㡣Ҫ֪ĵǧ˾м䣬Ҳʮʿѡ
ҶصĿ⣬ɽߴʯͷ
ɳɫʯݽɵʯͷޱȣɽȼȴԵʮͻأʯ󿪣ȴȻޱȣһ˵Ϣ
֣֪ɵС便ʲô
Ҷصѯʵ
ֻ֪岿ǰǨ㵽ġһǰ̽һΣʯͷڻǵĲ峤ϣʵȴ컹й֮޲Ǵģһ治
ҡҡͷ
һ֪СĶ֣㲻鷳˵ǻиǿ̨Ҳ֮뿪˵أνһֱڴĵ鷳
Ҷطһۣ˵
Ŀԣһʱ˼β̾ϷԪѾʣ࣬鷳Ҳϧˡֻϣǰõ岿鵤ֻˡ
˵֮䣬ԪֵܣѾսһ𡣽ֵܼʱ֣͹Ԫ
״ͽֵܣʩչһֺϻ֮˸Բһͽ׵Ľϵɽϵɽɽ߰㣬һһͷضԵаۡ
˵ǵʵҲ㲻ˣ˳֣ſҲпܵġ
ϡ
ͬɱ۵ɽټ磬һصͬϮĿףȥһ֮ͨ䣬۽˽ֵܶˣϿһڹն㽫ֵܵĺϻĬ䣬ǵķط
ֵһϳ㱻ǲҪİ򷨸סԸԼȥʿǲԸಫȴϧֵȻǷǳǱ׷ʯͷΧһܣȫ޷ϡ
ȻˣǽֵϰգҲ޿κΡǲԸ׳ɽܡ
ʿһнʿѹԵʵһֻʿҵƵգɾͶˡ
Ҷغڰйսֵܶ˶
ٻɽ𺣣ССҲԪǰ񣬿㣡
Ԫõֵ֧ܵԮ㻺ɫ¶ɫһ׷ӵķСķΪʩչողòɹĻϵսе˴˹ȥ
̼䣬ڻϢǣһʮɷΧĹˣЩ˵Ļ㣬ϯ򼤶еˣ֮ʯճɽҡ
ֵлֵıȻ𺣡𺣶ǵһЩѡΧĻ˶ԺޱΣӦøһЩ
ǽٴҶءʿݡ
Ǳ뺷Ȼս֪ҪǱϣܡ
ͷһɽȵļХŻսžĹ죬һһ鼡ĹѪǣƤϷֵĹͭȻ䣬ɫ⽫סһţԪٶ֮죬һӰ
ˣ籩һ㽫˸ֱӳĻ𺣣ѸײڶķһͷնԪ
ԪͷŻˣϢûеϢƽȣŴ󺺱ճɽ̿ģû뵽ô죬ȥӲһҲӣԮܴ󺺵Ŀ񵶡
꣡
һĿâӲʯȻһʮɳĵѹ֣⻬ޱȡֻǱǱϣֻһɾҲøء
Ǵ󺺵Ȼǰй֮޲
ԪӵĿ죬ܿһɱɨУϵֵĺ޹âѸȥȻһϸܵƣɰһң쬵亹
ֵܶͬ¶ɫ
Ҫϰܣǲܵġ
˼æٿظԵĽɫɫɫɽæҵĳնȥ
ı֮ƺҲޣͭɫ󰵵һЩҪıɫȴû˿ĸı䡣
ȻҲܣȻྷΪϬĽ⣬Լ˵ĺɫɽȻޱȵȥץǱΪصĻɫɽ
Ǳ̫ϬϵɽһѸץסɽɫâ²ҲȻѡɽĹâܿ찵ȥСΪһ糤ҵĻɫС
󺺼ȻһĹЦȻʹ÷ܽߵķˣ˲ս
״Ԫ𾪵˵
ǱͽϵɽȻȲķɽϬǺôҲǷȻûն󺺵ֻǸһЩѪѡ
ǿӲȻȵͽ׷
һ˽״ϵɽڳλʿԾļ˵ת۵Ĺ򣬽ֵܺԪֱǴ׷ɽܡ

Ҷ΢΢ݣо֮̾ǿһȴְҡͷ
Ȼˣ⿿һصֵܸܵ˾ôáһͽ׷ˡ˵ʵҲֹڴˡ
ֵܡԪ˵һЩҪηηβһнʿһȡõ鷳
Ŀ⣬ͣɽߴʯͷ
ʯͷڣһɺ֮Ϣ
ţʯͷڻиǿʿûг


338 峤
ǷʿȻòһнʿǶˡ治֪⼸չضڸʲô
濴ʿȻ׷ɽܣͨ죬ʵǿȥˣһͨ
ƳһҶصɫ
ҶɫĮɵƺδ̫ڵս
ȴܹҶش˿̶⼸ĵʿʵαģֻûб¶ѡ
еĲЩ޵ݣط춼ȥ˶ҲŶ˭һءǵͷء
ȥ֪Ǹʲô治ٶȥǵԼֲˡ氵ֹһ˲һֱӳɽȥ
˵ɽʿǽһЩȵģжĹأ
Сĸ߽ʿභ鱦߽׵ʿ޹׳ִѹͽʿȻˣһеǰǵͽʿȥǸ߽ʿҲá
н׵ʿһٶ꣬ϳأȻȥʵϵ͵ʿ
ԤƵİţɽֵܺԪȥʿʯͷʵΪ㹻ˡ׵ʿ޷岿䣬ǳʯͷڣƳ峤ϣǿġ
û뵽ֵܺԪȻʰ죬Ŷṳ̂벽³ʮû档
³ѾǰƤһ߲ˡ
ڣɵҲûˣҶظһģõĴȥ

һ䴢˦һڻͮͮϵܣӭǣѸٻΪһɷԲľͷܣ쵱ͷȥ
һ˵ӮһЩ治ҪӲǴˣ
ͿʵԶֵܵˣٴȥҪԴˡҲɵ׷Ľϵˣתʯͷȥһ߻ߵĴ󺰴С
ӵ죬ȴ첻ķܡ
Ƿܺģתѹͷ
Ȼصȥն޶ܣǾ޶ܷ̫ǿص˲ڷܡΣֻӲͷƤ˫ȥס
Ȼѽϵ׷ɽܣпɾʮֲÿˣʵ̫ԭǿھ޶ܷһƿ
˫ֲһ޶ܣھ޶ܳɽںˮɱصĺ޻
޶ԽԽƲ޶ܣѹס
˫־ž޶ܣǱһصĹǣ꣬󲽷ɱʮڻûܿסѹ࣬ͨϥأܲˡ
ʱԪѾӺ׷֮ҪɱǴ󺺡
ס֣
һִһУסԪ֡
ȻִӴȡһವһ½ʮȦʵˣջطܡҽУ߲
֣˲ңնѽͷֻޣ
Ԫޱȵ
αظһʶ˴δ̫ϧˡĵȱʹۿɽʯһ΢С˵׼ڳʯ¡
Ц˵
Ԫϲٶ˵ˡȻĵܹڳʯĿԼСЩʿȥʯȴٺҲ⡣
治λڵ֣ͽֵܡԪʿɽʯͷȥ
վסҰϲʥ˲ڣ
ʯͷڴһͳϵ
ֻԥһ£ȥˣõſʲô鵤䷽Ū֣Ǿ֡
ಣһڹľ磬ӵڱȥ
Ц׳ܣΪɴСԲܣסǰԼķǳġн׶ܷǿɲʲôܴ򴩡
ˡ
ǵڹͻɫײһ£貵ĹâڹⲢδܷƣǿѾһʿ޷ܡ
ӲһܣڹײĵŵŽվȡӿһ˿Ѫǿȥ
ʱſǵڹһ˳ɵľꪣȺ뻹֣ײһֵ֮˻ʯͷ
˾ꪣʹǱصҪ屶֮ࡣ
ʿܼ򵥡˽ɳǧġȷҲǷǼΪأʵáԽǿʿʹõķҲԽءͶꪵʿҪȸղǿ屶ϡ
濴ڹ⣬ĿȻһ
ǰɵ̽޳ꪸδóȻʯͷڡһҪʯͷʿƳɡ
ֵܡԪͬȻֹסŲǰʯͷڵʿеġһֻԽǵĻͬͷһ顣
һ£δʯͷЩӲĻͷԶȥЦҶ֣ҪʯͷЩǿҶسְɡû㹻İգðաҶصΪ㳬㣬ȻҶسá
ҶشʱɫȻѾʯͷ
ʯͷԽԽȤˡһɵС䣬ӵ˶ʿһһһСô򵥡ܼʶһʿֶΣ˳ɵ֮УҲûа
֣ǻһȥɣ
ҶصЦֱʾһ£˵꾶ֱʯͷȥ
ȻᵱҶһȥǻ˰벽
ǲ֪ǵñϽѵһɣ
ʯͷڣһߡ
ǵڹٴαһΣڹֱҶء
Ҷ׼ڹԡһţһ糤ââǣһգۼ㱬һޱҫ۵Ľâӭͷڹȥ
ɫ̫ҫۣѹ˳ɵͷգڳλʿ޷ֱӡ濴һЩҲֻԼҶصӰʯͷȥˮ͡
ն
Ҷһһȡ
ϣ
һޱȵĽΧɵĽɫâȥ˵ĿŻָǵâǵڹ⣬ѾӰҲ֪˭Ӯ˭ˡ
ҶشʱѾżʯͷڡ
ʯͷڣס
Ԫ
桢ֵܡԪĵʿʱֻо۵ķݡǵȻղҶʹõķһϵԪֻûǺ
ھŲʿʵȻǵͽסнʿȡ
ָԿ˿Լķɽʱúޱȡͨķ޷ԪȡĽĽǻ֪ԼķûҺҶʱȡ
ҶؽʯͷڣɿĻһȦʯͷһ̨̨ϲ֪ʲô
̨ףˡ
ˣϥġ
Ϊ׵һ׷ˣ̾ݣȴһر󼸱ꪣʹϧֻǸѾնΡȻղǽââײλҷ˳˴ɾĸһնˡ
λҷˣ΢һЩŭҶء
֮⣬һŮСһ棬СȡŮӣҶڴĵ̲һεİ
ҶٴμλŮСӿֳһɹĸоЩơ˽С٣һͷĽ׺ЫƵءȴûʵļ⣬һôġ


339 ䷽
λ峤ϻδж
ŮȻһվ˫ֳ棬ָҶأһͷСһʱɱȥŭЩĵңٹҿɲˡ
£öɳ񣡡
İ׷Ͻϳصꪷ£ֹ
ԲĹĵģǲҲȥ
˰ϲϰơǺηˣƺǴĵʿ׷ϿҶأĿĶҶأɫءǰˣꪸһնˡΪϣ̶ֳܹ治ࡣ
ʿڴĵͣŹ鵤䷽һġ֪ܷ䷽裿ҶصȻһЦ˵
ʯͷڵλ峤ϣǵΪˣǵıȷʵΪ⡣ıԸͽ׷´ࡣǰûʲôֵһˣδǷ
һ㣬λ峤Ҳֻ֪ǹһ£ûٳ֣Ҷؽʯͷڡ
鵤Ҳ岢޴Ҵطˣ
ҡͷ
û鵤
Ҷüͷͷʵ֣㲻˵ɵ岿䣬һ鵤㲻Ұһ˰ɣ
Уһ˿ŭ˵ʲôֻҽԸ岿䣬Ǿ׷Źκһˡ
ܰÿһ岿䶼鵤ʿϲȻ˶ʿض鵤
ҶضŭЩĻšʿŭɿסȻнҶ֮ʯͷ˼Ǿ鵤ѣ
漴Ϻʵƴϣ鵤޵Ϊԭƶɵ鵤˵Ĳû鵤ô
ҶתͷĿ⿴ƴϡ
Ҳû鵤ֻѪ鵤һζΪԭƳɵġѪ鵤Ҳʿ֮ûá֮кã
ƴɫ΢䣬Ҳûʵ˵
ǾͰǵѪ鵤䷽óܲãһԱ֪˵㲿Ѫ鵤Ҫҵ鵤
Դϲз⣬̴˵鵤ϵΪչڴĵѾʮ꣬κΪ鵤ȲҪŪ֡
Ҷ֣֡϶ǲײĲᣬ鵤䷽ǡǶְɣԪͬǳļڼеĴ¡
дѪ鵤ҰϲΪҪıϵˣ˵͸ĵ˵Ѫ鵤ߵȷã뼸λ뿪˵ء򣬾ǶˣƴһҪҲҪͬھ
ƴҲŭˣѾ͡Щ޷̵ģϵ˵Ѫ鵤ڶҶصľηǿһŭͼȰ˵ʿ뿪
Ȼ棬ԪֵܵʿǺ˵ˣۼܰ鵤Ƴֵĵó׼ɱ
鵤䷽
ͱˣֻô˵
ʹ򣡡
λҷ峤ϣŮվóɱڵĵߡ
ʯͷڵգһ½
λʵǿҪʥֻûôסƴ̬Ȼվ
һһ˦âֱȡǰƴϡ
ƴһΣȻһ壬һӡʮɷԲڵʯͬʱžѡα˳ȥΪһݵĻӰһ
ֵܶˣԪѾ򣬸Դȣʩչɽλϡ
ʯͷڶʱ
Ͱƴ϶ˣٵӰżɼڹ͸ɫâţһʱ֮ѷֳʤ
ֵܺԪȴλ峤ϵĶ֡һ֣˱ѾǱæӳʯͷֱշȥֻзգǲбסĻᡣ
ֻʣҶغͰδ֡
Ҷǲ붯֡
붯֣ȴǲᶯѾҶأԾԾԣͼѰҶر¶Ȼ󷢶͵Ϯһٻɱ
ҶؾôһվκһǶȶ⹥ȴðеΪܣ֡
ɱڶޣȻ֪ͽǺ۸ģ߽ǲǵġҶλǿһƴ϶û֡һʵĪˣȻӦȥǵĶ
Ҷɨʯͷһۣüͷս뿴ġֻ뽫鵤䷽õ֣Ȼ뿪˵ءڴĵʿͳɵĳͻ뿪˴˵ٴҲ١
ҶûעɰϲҪ˦湥Ҷء
Ÿ׼֡ȴһɵĹ⻪ҶԳ֣һ˿֮ȻһζճմԭأҪʲô
ֻλʿҡǿʩзΣգæ֣ͣȻҶغɹ⻪֪ʲôȻ񣬸Ŷ
λϣһͣס֡
ڵսһͣ
ʿ峤ǾҶأǾȻ֣Ҷٿصལ֮Գܡ
ϣٴߣʥһҲҪ赲ڴ˵ء
ƴдżֱԭлܹЩߡڿҶһˣԽǲûκϣЩˡֻöϴߣΪ屣һϣ
ϣһ뿪
ѹ
ߣ
ƴϼŭ
֪ҲѣһŰŶ뿪˵ء
Ŷߵ𣿡
ҶЦ׳һ޴ų
ʯͷſڣſڱ㳯һʬҺϼæӳǹֵȻһᣬֻǱǹǵʬҺײһð˻˻Ụ̃ת֮㻯Ϊһ̯ˮ
ʯͷڣٶȺȻʧɫʧ

ɫ䣬ŵҶءⲻµޣ߽׵ĽްһͷޣɨʿҲڻ¡
ɵֻһĿģ㲿Ѫ鵤䷽¼һݣ黹öΪ䷽ĳлֵҪѪ鵤䷽ҲһҪꡣϻǿһҵɣһʱ䡣Ҫ֪ɱһȡ鵤䷽У֣ӦҲûɣ
Ҷƽ˵꣬˷δǣֱת뿪ʯͷ
ҡһԴɭȻĿɨڶġ˦ſݹβͣҡڵĸ˳ȥ
ʯͷڣһš
û˵֡
һھŲʿһͷɵʿ峤ϴһҲǶ֣ҲӲ


340 Ѫ
СλϣһͷӶֹ˺һ
Ҳ֪ƴ˵ʲôλϼԣ۵ࡣƴջȰλϣͬ⡣
һʱ֮ƺĳ
ϲ⣬ҶؽǵʥѪ鵤䷽֮¡ȻʵϰҶصķȥ
Ҷصľʵ֮£ô˵ֻհ죬ûѡ뿪Ҳͷſڵɹ̫Ľͬͬ⡣ͷɭɭĽҶظˡ
Ҷصķĺܼ򵥣öΪ꣬岿鵤䷽
ȽԪʱ򣬻ĵͽЩͽĿǰòóҲ˿ۡ
ֻ桢ֵܡԪȴĵʿ֣ŪĸˡгɵλϣǶҪҪϰ鵤䷽óҶصĽûޣǹԹ԰Ҷصķ¡
ƴϴʯͷڹ̨ϣȡһصӡ棬һСʮŰƴСƬһЩģһЩ޵Ļ񡣻ʮֳªȻĳλ÷ĵӣһһʿȥ
ҰϲѪ鵤䷽Щ䷽ҲѾǧ꣡
ƴЩԸİʮƬݸҶأҶصöͽ
ҶؽЩƬУӴȡʮݿհ׵ͼֽһ׹⸲ȥЩѪ鵤䷽ֱӸƵЩհͼֽϡ
ϸЩѪ鵤䷽Ҫԭϡ
ķȫʶⲻҪΪĻ񣬶ҪĸֺޣԼԭϸֱӻˡҶʮ꣬ôҲϵЩޡ
ʮ䷽Բͬຣ޵Ƴ鵤һСϣûˡϲʵȻûа취ɱޣҪ˵ǵ鵤ˡ
ͽֵܡԪҪ䷽һðҶصҪȥһ𣬴öͽ㻻Ƭһ鵤䷽
ǿ֮鼤
Ҷ֣˵ûϲЩѪ鵤䷽鵤䷽ҵ鵤䷽ˣպٳû鵤ˣ
Щ䷽Ĵ󺰡Щ䷽ĴĵҲܹЩ鵤ȥõĻķԪܹҵ㹻ʯǰе
λ峤ϼ˷ܣ׷ҡͷֹĿŽ档
ϣѪ鵤鵤ʲô𣿡
Ҷؼλϵɫ죬һ
ƴΪҶûǿѪ鵤䷽ʱ˵ҲҶɳʵʵ˵ɣѪ鵤鵤ȷкܴԨԴ֮ǰǲǶҲһʥԲŷҲ鵤߲ͬע⵽ÿһ䷽涼һӣ
Ҷؿ˿ʮѪ鵤䷽ϣȷôһֵĹӡȻʿʶҩļ࣬ȴϲʲôӡ
ҰϲʥѪô˹ǿЧϵҲˡЩ鵤䷽ʵ鵤䷽ҲڣЩ鵤䷽һζѪǿʿԲŸĳΪѪ鵤
ƴϽ͵
Ҷسһ£Ц˵鵤䷽ҪҪĻѪһʼԸ䷽óǵǷѪ㲿ʥԲŲԸ鵤䷽һ
ƴεͷֻ֪ҪʮƬóˣѪ޷ȥҶسᷢӹӵҪԡΪÿһƬϣôһζҩ˵ҪԡҶ᲻ѯʡ
ǣΪʲôĸԸİѪ鵤䷽ó˵ǲʥȫ˵һֺ㲿ʥ
Ҷɻʵ
ҶɳҰϲ䱾Ǿסڶеһϣӵʮ˵еȲ䡣ǰǰһλˣ˵ͻϮ˲ء嶪˾סĵ죬նϵǨ㣬˽꣬ԽԽ٣ֻʣǧˣֱС죬ʱס
ƴ˵
Ҷص˵ͷ˵Ĺȥһʮ岿䣬λϡ졢ɫʿǺһǧ˵С䣬ǲӵ˶ʿ
ƴ˵˴ͻȻͨݵڵأӾȻҰƻ˶꣬δ˽Ҷɳˡϣϲ壬ܹõҶ˵ıӻҲʥѧҲҶɳܡ
ʲô
桢Ԫֵܵʿڲ鿴鵤䷽ϴ˻ȵŴ͡
ӻڶѰġ
׷ˣǶ壬ҪߵıӻȥĵϵЩ׷ˣʵڱӻ壬ҲѰ˱ӻֻҪԸӻǵĻ
һӻҲζţ岿ӴԺ󶼽ҶأԼΪرҶֻҪİȫ
еĺôȻʤõѪ˵ܵõһȺ岿ʿЩʿȻʵ΢һЩǴսʱսƽʱܸɿʮֺá
ʿԴȻЩ۲
岿ĶϡϣŴϰݵڵأųĬȻҲ£֮ǰǰƴϵѾ޷Ȱ
ǾȵģҶص̬ȡ
ҶҲһЦҲΪʵڶ洦ɼܱӻǲ䣿
ƴɫҶɳʵΪǳ顣ڵˣӻһǧС㹻ˡɳ
Ǹ޷Ӧҵʵӻǲ塣
ҶЦݣ룬侲ľܾ
һⶫѾյˣҪһ岿塣˵ֻһʿǳ˽ʿڶֽʿڶĵطʵҲһǧ˵С档
һУûк֮ǣյĶߵĸԶǲһСС岿䣬ԼΣ֮С
Ѫҽա֮һ뿪˵أʱԭΪлҿԴӦһССһϵȵıƷϸһҪʲôɡ
ҶؽѪˣƮȻ뿪ʯͷĵȥ
桢ֵܺԪʿȻҲȥûҶأǲǲλϵĶ֣漴뿪ɵ
ƴϼҶ뿪˴֮ȻվͬãȻĶϺϣ̾һ
Ѱ˱ӻⲢһʱ嶯֮١
ܹԼĲڶϰ꣬۹ȻĳԶ
ⶫϣ˵ʵǿʢͶˣ׳ǰû첿ͶΪûҵ㹻ʵˡòҵһλʵǿǱҴ¹ˣϧȴ޷ıӻպҵˣνѡ


341 ɺ
Ҷ뿪˳ɵֱشĵĶص֮ıǴӴȡص䣬򿪣ϲʥѪʲôģ
ڣȻһͰĹľ
ҶѪɫģɫġ
ɫľ֦ͷϳöĴָɬСӡľΧһŵ⻪ӻͷųЩԵޱȡ
򿪺Ʈɢһ˱Ƕ
Ҷֻһڣо΢΢һ񣬽ͣƺǣڵһ嶯Ҫ
ѪӵǿЧǰϲʿѪ鵤ʥ֪ߣ֮ܲܲ
ҶĿĿ˼˰Ρ
ʿҲӵѪͬ졣һӵߣû˷ͷҲǿսϣ߻жô¡
δȥһö
ʿԷô˹ܷܲãȫܻܿ޷ԤĺķգǲȥԵġ
ҶشӲѪȻ뿴ܲϸ֡ԼʱòϡӵЧ˵ô
һڵͰľ⻪漴ʧϸľڣһɫĹľ
Ѫľϵľʹľʯࡣ
ҶٿƷľʯɫľЩʯӽʼɫתΪɫĹӡΧı⻪Ҳɫ
ȥҪľʯȥ˽ǧƷʯľϵĹӲתΪѪɫΧͬʱѪɫ
öѪĹӳ䡣
ľ½öɫĹӣ
ҶЩʹΪöѪʣľʯȥһ롣ʣʯѾ࣬ȥ⼸öѪѾ㹻ˡ

ɵʯͷ֮ձɽ
ҰϲڶƯ꣬Ѿ˥䣬ڵʿԽԽ١Ҳɫ峤Сûг·
һҶɳ׷ȥеӴԺΪҶЧɡȻ䵭ȴǣҪڶˡˣպܹؽϲ䣬ðϲܹȥ
ƴڵڶԾ˼ãλϣа˾Ŀ˵
ϣҲǱ˸ϳǰסĵ죬ǺѪΪʲôҪͶˣҲȥΪ峤ȻӦøһ𣡡ĿڵڣŪ棬ԶʱǱβһµ
űڶǿѾ޿赲ǿʢޱȵ壬ǵǿƹ֮£Ҳֻܽڽڰˡ˺֮ļз棬ûʲôýġû˵ıӻκ岿ڶ档˵ĴУҲδὫ岿俴Уֻͻҷ𡣡
ƴشľ쳣ƣƣ룬ε˵ҶɳԸϲͶЧֻеİ취㵥׷ǻ·ҾͶ˵ͷֻҪ峤ţǲվϣͶˣٻڼзлȥ
һա
Ҷٴηٳɵʯͷ黹ϲѪʱεķ֣ƴϸһ⣬ðλϲ峤׷ȥеӴԺΪЧ
ҶؿһĹİüͷϣҽ㲿ѪգΪرҿ԰һϵȵꪣһ߽Ҫǵ峤׷棬ֻ²סҾչϾȥչǵ峤һиʧ㲿塣
ߣ˭ϡչأ
ǿҶأԶʱ
ҶɳֻôһССĳɵǰ;Ѿ̫ˣҲΪ֧ŶãǼλȥ֮󣬰ϲ䲻ɱ⽫˥ȥȻ᲻£Ƿɳǿġ׷ɳȥеɣɳʵϾ˼ڶеҲȴɵá˵ؾ붫е̫ңԶ޷ȥе
ƴϿЦ

ʱ֣һƬʮڿն𣬼뿪˳ɵããĶŶȥһɣǳ¡;ûκ֮أķУȻԵÿơ
ϣ°ͣͰ͵·ĺˮޱ޼ʵĶҪˡϷе˷ܣڵ͸
Щʲô
ʮֿɺ޵ģǸĿϥǰһ㵭Ľ⻤ŵҶӡ
ǰϿȥ̣ߵŮҲáȻһھܾضûС
󣬻ǴֻҪȥеͺáɶļһһΪʮֲԸı飬Ӧ
ѵôûŮ
ͷ˿ĽС磬͹µģǲ⡣ڲŮûǸ˵Ưġ
ɳ˵ܶϲŮĶ¯ҵĶ¯ɣ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô϶ٵĲټٵЦҶظǰĻУЦе˫Ū֮ɫһ֧֣ȴ档ֻҪ̰ɫ֮һ𣬽ˣ͸ÿ֪³
Ҷۣһâһץסû󣬵׼ңһгɰ˿飬ºι㣡⣬ĹҪŮ¯
ǱǵĿ⣬һ¡
ߣʲôҪͲҪûʲôʹϵһԣٿҶأһֹԹţ΢ʹ
һԿţŹ󣬺ּܿ
Ҷϥɡ
ⶫϣҲõĻײʲôÿϣֻҪȷһ´µķûƫˡֻҪСıá
ȻҶطǳɶ񣬿ǶҲûбˣˣ̲סĸҶ˵
ɳ
š
ҶػشǺܼ򵥡
ʿƽʱڴϣɣմصȻԶǿȻˣżҲѪ鵤ϻ˵ǰϲ츳ߵʿŲʮ꣬ѾΪнʿһΪǿĸ߽ʿҰϲ䣬ûг߽ʿ
ǿ˵һڲҪҵŮ̫ϧˣԺһڵġĸ߽ʿǴǿޱȵ̺ޣҲѱ壬ҲδظҸǱõ츳Ȼߣ
Щ
Ŷô
ҶһĵȻ˵δ
츳
¶Щ
ɽĲпᣬǰ岿ɳŮ󡣶ǲ츳ߵ͡սʲô츳ûá
൤ŵĺĵάǱʸߴʮ࣬ų൤츳õһʿǣѾұʬ޴ˡ
ӣɽʤ
ҪɽлȥƬҲи
Ҷزδ룬ĿûһʶϹżķ֮У׳Ĭȥ


342 ִﶫе
ǰе;пͣĵ졢Ҽ٣ʱ֮ΣաҪǣһ·ΪңԶҪ߰˸ңִܵﶫе
ҶضԴѾ׼
ɺʱ֮ڼȻܻķˡԼȻѾ۷ΪԪѾ޷ټǿȥмδͨķҪϹżľ൤ŵĸͽסн׷ŵġ󷨡ȵȡ
ҪġɹҲƪġԪ׶Σһֱڡ硣̥ǣ֡ͣ
Щ㹻߰˸ʱȥˡ
ҶƵǣƪҡʱޱȣһСıȣɥ
ƪƽĳ棬ûκ֮ҲûʲôԾĵطưƪ꣬ӦҲᷢʲô⡣
˺ܳʱ䣬ŽӦ
ҶذԳ
ԼǻҪԿͷǵòſտѲŸо̫˷ƪƽ棬ҲãܱƪʱĵҪá
һƣڶոһյķš
ǰ
ʿ츳ҪرĹȥں֮
ȻҲԽѪ鵤ʿĹ
ǰ̫ˣأȥ
ҶոһյǰͣʱˣҶҲ
ȻҶʮֿɺޣһľˣȴԽԽ棬һ˫鶯һգҲգһֱĶҶأҪҶؾá
ʧ
벻ͨȻ֮ܿãָûжһ¡գǧ۾ˣҲûʲôӦ
ȻִⶫûоͷĻôһֱ£ɵʯΪֹ
ЩˣҪƴ
ǵô˵ϲչأһαչظʮأ粻ŲʣѰǰλҶɳҲڡչءŲʡ
Դʮֲ⡣ˣǴĵ顣˳ϲʯͷ⣬ϲıǴԣԺޡ
ˣָӵ飬ǲ׵ġ
ĵĳޱ޼ʱĺϣҳʵĶգգ۾ƺǰʮĺϣһƬɫĶڻζﷶΧ
ͻȻܵĽ˳
ڶκζʮΣաǴ˵Ѿ˶Σռʱأκεط
ʮɵĸ߿գҲζźܰȫ
Ϸɵĺܿ죬СƬ̹򣬱ѾӽһƬĺɫϿա
㣡
ڿʲôĲ涼ղȡ
ϲ峣ںƯȻ֪ڶϣµ鲢һͷ߽߽׵ĺޣһƬȺĵͽ׺ޡ
߽׺Ȼֲ߷ɹҲδػȤһۡ
һȺ׵ĺޣȴܽԵͷ
˵ȳȺͽ׺޸µʲôǾɵĳȺͽ׺ˡǺϡնܹȻҲ޴ء
ǰζһƬ㣬ͽ׺ޣһ׵׶У˵ҲǧͷϡÿһͷһɣڲҰ׵ļϸܵɫۼף˫չҪ
һһƬѹѹδرӦ
ʧ㱻һָֻסӣС졣
ҪϢ
Ҷϸ˿Ķڡ
ѳ˾壬ɵƴͷ
Ҷ֡
Ŀϵ·д˿̳˵֮ɫ
һκ·ûκε죬һ·Ҳгݳ֡ûЩຣޣǲˮΣշ裬ȵֻںлޣΪ¡
ڶɺ;ɥʿΪʯ׹ģԼ֮ģʣµĺܴһ֣ǱЩຣ޸Ϯɥڶ
ҵǣϷ濴һơ޷ڵ
ӦòһƸȤ
Ҷؽϵķٶ㹻һƮ⾪Щ㡣ɲԼһȺס
ϵЩ㣬ʱķֽУŵɫס
ȻҶض˿Ҫ뿪ȺϿգɾʱ
Ҷز뿴飬Ƿˡ
֪ʲô̼ĺͻȻɧðݡﷶΧȺͻȻչᣬΧĴӺϷЩɵļ죬ǳܼ֮ײϡһײϣ벻㷢֣ǲܡ
Ҷɫһ䣬ʱп಻
ٶ˿һžһһʩĽַԱߵİϡͬʱһţһ糤ɫϵɽ
𽣣
Ԫ֮УΧ㣬ֲһȻһ޼᲻ݣҲû˿ħĴΧɱԣȴױȵġ
ҶطһХ˺صХȻӭ籩ǣӽӿת۱Ϊһʮɵľͻ𽣡
Χڣ֮һƬ֮У֮гһֻֻ׵ѻΧЩδӦײȥȻըͬھ
ҶشԪܹǿ˿̷ɽѾǽ𵤳ʿܲٿص
ҶΪھŲ۷ʿȫʩ֮£ҲǿнвݣʮǿķɫɲǼ԰ס
񱬷棬ֵ̫ͻȻȺӦ
Ҷңңһָڵľ޽Ϊһɫââŭοɾ룬ֱӶȺıԵһͨ
ɫâɨеͨڣϰͷĶ׵㣬ֱ֧飬Ǵ⣬ۼףֱӱԪΪҽ֮Żζ
ѾȺıԵͨ
ҶزҵԦϣ𽣴ͨͨ棬һͷǵصȺȻ󲻹ܲ˷ȥ
֮⣬Ÿһͷһۡ
Ⱥǧ㣬ȻѪȸ̼ķ֮档ǵķٶ׷Ҷصϣ֮׷׵غС
ҶذЩ㣬һڣѸ𽣡ɫ԰׵ڣһƿƣȫָղһһºȥڽ֮һķ
ǱЩΧûֻܳʩչҪⶫ֮ϡ
Ҷ¡
ȴǴͣסֱӴһȺУӲ˳˵ʵѹԴ˳֮޷֮Կ
飬ǰ޷岿ںȺ޵ĻһȺнʿҲɱΧΪصĴۣпһС֡

·֮Уŵ˶ả޼Ѱ顣
ҶΣ֮󣬱ýʶʱ޿̣ɨΧ﷽Բĺ棬ٶả޵İΧ֮С
࣬Ҷ֮ʱҲٳ¡
ԼҲûвǱĬ֮УʼģҶһ
ʿʽЩأֻǴţɣתΪǿʽǳĵһ
쿴ˣǵеˡ
ֵ߳ɫеĹâϲĽк˳


343 
Ҷϲĺߵķϼ⣬żʣοЦЦ
ھ˳߰˸µУȻ־ᶨҲеƣЯʯѾȥһ롣
ãǴԽյĶǰȫĵִﶫе
ҶַС죬ҰΧڣʼǵĴС졣ﲢǶе죬ѾڶڵϾס
΢һЩĵ棬СǳأտԿڶڳڻЩ﷽ԲСϣסʿ
ڰǿ£ҶһСгǳصĵͣʱ
֮ãŲڵʯϣ̤ʵĸоð쳣˷ܣ̲סû˵ĺ̲ˣ
ҶصЦЦδȥ
ں̲ߣЪϢСʱ֮ҶرŰΨһһСǳͽȥӺ̲ȥǳֻԸ·ҲԸٷˡ
ҶΪȵǣСǷ½׳ǳؽɣšǽһӦȫվڳŴʮһЩʿ䣬ֳͨƵǹŵ˶Ҫһ
ȻЩʿ߶ֻǰѣʮҲ֮ˡֻ׷ˣ˻⵽ʡ
ӳֵĿ絶ſڣҶͽһƯС椣ΪǷˣҪʣǻûпڣҶƳһۣǶӳʱֱĿڿһ£ſڷʿ侴ηĿ£ҶֱӴŰ˳ڡ
ڵľ¥ͬ׷˾Ӷ࣬вٵ塣
˵װǳԣҴϿԺ׿ΪûзԲʹߵķƵıЩֲܴڳأûзҲ޷봢СڽϿЯž޴ҳرеˣϿȷʿ
ȻڳĵضΣҲܺ׿רõĵ̣ޱȣ鵤̡żɼٵͽ׵ʿ롣
⵺ϵĳǳأߡ׷ˡǻһҶ档
ڶġͼᣬֻ˶ɺʱһЩûд˵ضеϸ
Ҷ룬ڳһ˵ӻڣһݡеͼᣬԼڶ˵ļµ伮
Ҷһٹȣθڼζ˶⣬ڳһ׾¥˴̴ķ⣬æ
Ҷؿ޹˼ɵĴ£ӿֳЩĪЦ⣬ԹԵĴ򿪡еᣬ鿴е
ͼкϸʶ
Щ˵ĵ죬Щ˵ĵ죬һ涼һ
Ҷϸͼµ֮˼֮СݵͼǳʵʿҲһĿȻĿǰơ
󣬿˵ޱ޼ʣûߵľͷ
ĿǰߵУֻһС֣ҪǡееƬȺɣܲʤڵͼϣﱻʶΪȫش
뿪еߵĻһΪѪɫ֮ĵطط߽׺޺УǿߣԼ徭ûǳΣա
ԽѪɫ֮ߣƵĵ̡徿ж£ֻȥѪɫ֮ʿЩ̣ڵͼϱעΪΣյĵ򣬲롣
ߺ壬ս״̬Ѿάʮ֮áϹʱڣʿִﶫеʼǿսһֱڡͣͣδֹ
ȻˣʿͶļз֮УһС壬Ǳ塣֮ˣʿΪ壬Ϊ塱
壬嶫֧ܻΪڶϸС֧½ͬԴв졣
Զʱڣ岿鲼죬岿֮໥սʮֻҡ
Ҿڶе岿䲻ʱ⵽ѪϴŰ
ʿ쳣ǿǷܼѪ岿֮飬Ƕ԰ռ岿䵺첢ȤǸʱ廹ڶеάһϵĶʢ״
ʿ֮Ѹٸı䡣ʿڶе֣Ѹڶеһڳǡ˽ȹ̵ĳǳرݷеΪӪСǿɨе졣
ȫǶ֣׷ܣҪôʿҪôǨ㵽ΪƫԶĵȥѸ˥䡣
ʵϣ岿Ҳûǿʢ
ڣΪǿʿ£ȴڶ컹ڡ
ʿѾΪеİ쳣ǿƣڶ޼ɵҲٳڶеⱻ߽ʿɱһֱǵϳ
ԶĿǰ嶦ľ档
Ҷضߺ֮ĿŴս̫ȤĿǰʵܸ巢ʲôǣ
ĵĻǶеʿ
ϾӽԺҪڶеǱܳ½ڶеȻҪ˽һЩеڶеΣյĲ壬ͬΪ֮˵ʿ
еǿˡ
Ҷ֮ԻеҲΪ˵
ɵأȵִﶫеһȺ˵еϹʿΪ˺͵ϵʿԿһΪˡ
֮Ӵʷ֮Եʵ֮ٹ̣ģ˸ĵز
½ʷϣд˵еϹʿ˵ĳŵʿˡ
˵ʿڳʮĵɱУս˵ϵޣ䳼峹˶еڶеµɽ
Ȼʢˣδܱѵˡ
Լʮǰ˵ĳ𾪶е飬֪ΪʲôһԪӤʿͻȻߣӡˡһΪħˡ
ɵ϶Դ˶ʷѵԭ򣬼ɲꡣ²⼫࣬д˵˾ͷ֮˽Թд˵Ϲʿֲ̻ͻǶû㹻֤ݡʷ̫ԶˣҲԲ֤˵ĺĸ߲֮⣬û˵еԭ
˴Ӵ֮ϣǧȷΪ˷ѣٸ߽ʿߣŻеϴӴҲС
ȻҲ˵ңҲȴٷˣͼЩսͳελ߷սʿϳе
ȻʿΣ֮ٶ֣УʿַֺϺϣսϡ
ǿޱȵûܻߣȳңԶ
תۣеڳΪȹ̵ĵ̡
ʿڵ伮˵еʷʿĿʷ˵ķʷսʷսʷ˵޴
Ҷ׹ԭеϳ֮⣬һͥħ˴ڣСҲ
Ϊ⡣
ýһЩУ֮ĳͻС


344 ڳ
СЪϢС֮󣬴ԱŲ֮Ҷػһͨн׷ɽŰٴ·еС
Ŀĵڳǡ
еЩأƬȺɣҴԲͷֲ
еȥƬȺˡ
ƬȺħˡ
ĴƬȺ뻹һƬȺҲ˺ħ˹Ϸ֡
Ƭ죬еĵ춼ˡŴǳɢĵ죬ڶСЩСν˵ļз֮ǿ档Ϊ˱ֱӷͻҲĬЩзĴڡ
еһɳǣϹʱڱ㿪ʼ죬ս𣬴˼ΪµġڳǡҲΪֲֹĳǳء
ͳǳأڶеȺһĴ͵ϡ
ʵϣޱµľӪڳѾһϵĳǳأʮͳǳɵһ߻ءӵķ໥룬໥֧ԮҪ˵ⲿڲƶܡ
ȴϮȻڳ飬ܴɡ
ڳǵĴڣΪ֮ʹ
˺ħ˵ܲȻڳǣռصһ롣˵ڲõǲͬĹƷʽ
ˣƣλΪƹ˴Ȩ˵ΪԪӤ߽ʿ
ħˣͷƣͷΪƹ˴ȨħͷͬΪԪӤ߽ʿ
ƺơǼеĶʿ֪˵·ǽȻͬ
˵ƽһͿ±һ¡һλ޷˳Ա
ħ˵ͷȴǶ˵һħ˵ĳԱֱеһλͷҲֻһλͷĺһǿʿȡλͷĵλôͷҲͶλµľͷҲ˵Աֻӵоͷͷελʿ
Ϊˣ˵ʿһԵò첻ͷϸꡣħ˵ʿȴ𣬺䡣
Ҷؿ˲򣬶˴˴ǳ˽⡣
һǣⶫеһ㶼ʿʸӵеĴ͵ģǽϵʿΪԽʵԽǿͨӵеĵҲԽá
ֻ۵ĻС죬ȨŻ䵽ʿСС죬Ҳ߽ʿʸӵСһʿǺѻõġ
ҶһУһĬЩ
Ѱ˼ţԼӦü˺ãħΪá
ߣɴ߶룬ʱߵƣ㡣Ҫ˶̫³Բ㲻ˣڳǱҲһǿʵ

ҶغͰһ·ڳǷУԼʮպǵһ͵ϿգյʿԽԽࡣĿȥķâ˵Ҳɰǧ
Ůʿͦɽ֮ϣһģǲƲʣƮȻСеĳŹݣХ棬洦ɼͷ緫
Ҫڳˡڳ֮ʲô㣿
ҶֻӦƴϰѰ͵еûΪŮ
һ˴ڳǣҲ׵ŮСڲһ𳤴һˣ֪ᷢʲô顣
ߣ㵣ġϸһֵܶʯ˿ԻԵģҿɶϻңҵɣ϶Լ
ΪĴȡһƤСȡһӣȻöɫһöɫѪɢŵ
Ҷһ⼸öѪɫɫģû죬Ҳã
ȻˣɫѪƵͽѪ鵤ʿԷáɫѪнѪ鵤нʿáѪɫѪƸ߽Ѫ鵤߽ʿܷáѪɫѪҴδֻҪõͽѪ鵤һ
˵
ҶŪ׹ѹǧƷ鵤ŵõöѪɫѪԭɫͬѪλҲȫͬ𼫴
ʿ⼸öѪ㲻ˣҰƳѪ鵤˳㿴һݻɡֻҪڳǣİȫӦû⡣
˵֮䡣
ҶѾңԶһǳءȻڳʲôģǵִڳǵʱɱǰΰĳǳظס
һԲĵ죬ƮڲӿĴϣߴʮɵҳǽƵΰĽһεضڵγһƬĽɭ֡
綨ʯһ㣬ȵѹڴϡ
޷ķâÿʱÿ̴Χʮﺣ۵ִ뿪ǰءȻҹЩâ˵ǿգѤĿ
𺳵ļڿھ
ҶһܿѹΪһâڳǷȥƵĹâ֮Уڳǵĸ漴оһɳصѹɽҡҡ׹ƺҪ׹ȥ
Ҷ̷ӦһշɽȥڳǵӦнƣ޷УззڽӽǳصʱԶ׹䡣
ĳǽɲǰ衣ҪڳǣӳŽͷиַ󷨣Էÿһﻹܿڣʮ㡣
˳ǵһɫߡÿС֮ˣнϵʿӵģҲڸ߽׵Ϊ
Ϊÿսڳǵ̫Ӵڳǲκ˽롣
ʲôݵ֮ˣаޣʿ׷ˣܹȻ⣬ʿڳǣ
鲼ڳǵʿҲֻΪ˷ʿ⣬ǻֹʿ£άֳǳ
һ൱ŵɳǡ
ڳǲͬ򣬹鲻ͬϽʿڳڵжܵҲһ
ŴӳֻĿɨһҶغͰǡ
ҶھŲʿнʿڳ˿ۣҲע⡣ֵط˵ǽڵʿŻ˹Ŀ࿴
ҶغͰڳڡ
߻ӵĵطɴ۽硣ڶɽʿŴϡˣǳĸδŵޣĿϾӡ
ҶɳӦȥųֵֵȺеһһĺͷЩɵۡ
û˷Ĵǳشڳڣգۼʧ
ҸջŰɡ洦ûʺɵĻ
ҶؿЦ
طǻߣ˵ǲҪ
ջСʱȰٺðѴ˽ᡣȻܲѰҵᵤĸ֮ȻԼһĵطͻƽƿɹС١
ڶеǿߺ֮أûнΪʵ´粽С


345 ᵤ֮
Ϊڳʿ廹׷˻֮أ˿ӶҼ࣬ԳڵĿջҲࡣ
ЩڳǣûԼĵ̵ĵͽʿû˵ʿֻסڳڿջڣһһѰŻᡣ
Ҷڳһ΢ƫƧĽֵҵһ䲻۵еȹģĿջ
ջһСվſڴͻȻİ˽ס̲סһ¿ˮŮȻ඼ܽǳǰλƯǺټġ
һںҶأһӦŮӺܴλǰŮˡ
ڸ߽ʿȻڳ㲻ʲôһСȡн׵ΪҲֻСطصķݡƯŮӵŮָĽĲ
Сæʧ̬ɫҵ
λǰҪ䣬׷׷΢һ㣬еıչҡȵȣλŮҲܷһס¡
׷
ҶزδͰĹϵһʯһ׷һ꣬ס¡ʿλ΢ûߵɽĻᱻ˴⡣
ˣڿʺʿɵĻ
Ҷʵ
СһҶԼŮ̳ȥɻҶصӡʱ½аģҶصɿŮӳʿɲұ¶ʲôæЦ
ȻУڵĸҩԶˣںܶзʿܸɣȥʣͺʺϵĻڳͷд󷫴ӳԺޣЩӳӶʿˮ֡λŮȻʿ洬ȥĺԵͽ׺ޡ
ŶҪ洬ӳô
Ҷ΢΢ü
ԺޣɲһΣգƽĺҲʱܷ⡣ң޵Ĵ඼ӣһŮӵ洬ӳҲܲ׵
ˣҲ̫ҰɡڳǻҪϺܾõʱ䡣

Ҷ׷˷ܹͷİźá

һǳʮա
Ķɺ;УЯĴ󲿷ʯľˡڳڣûʯǴ粽У빺ʲôҪʵʯ
ҶҪõһЩʯȻָ߼鵤Ϊݡ
ﲻڶ൤ţҲǡǺųƶһ޳ǵڳǣʿΪӴ޷׷顣г׳һн鵤Ҳû˻ע⡣
ھŲ۷ΪʿݣҲùڱܻ顣
ʮ֮䣬ʮƿʿõн鵤һսöѪҲƳʿרõĵͽɫѪ鵤нɫѪ鵤
⣬ö߽ѪɫѪ鵤
õöѪ鵤ʱΰľϲŵı飬˵жôĹ졣
ҶҪʱЩɣ̫⡣ΪҪѪƳѪ鵤ʧܵĿܡΪ˱װ˷뽫Ѫȥʯ
û뵽Ҷص֮ǿȻûһʧܡѪ鵤ʿżİһöнѪ鵤԰
Ҷض԰ĳԾֻǵЦΪ⡣
ԼЩƵн鵤뿪ջĳֵһЩԼƷģȻӽᵤɹʵĸᵤ֮
ڳΪӴ߾ۼĳǳأ¥ҵΪҵᵤ֮Ӧò̫ѡ
Ҷذ
Ĵֵԣֻд͵ֱ̣߻һЩʿ̯ʲôϡŹֵĶСҶȺš
ͻȻǰһС㳡ΧһȺںеͽ׵ʿӵһĽţңλ磬ҪҰɣнΪ
ҵʵǿ߲ˣҰɣ
ɽֻҪʿΧһض˵ǿҺģ²ʲô鱦֮ʲôôܿʿĹע
ҶȻǶʲôˣǰͬչȥһơȥһŷ֣ԭһž޴Ĺ棬дšˡ֡
ļǰվʿΪ׵һµ󺺣ԼһΪֳȷİӣһׯֵĺŮӣ˶߽ʿ
ҵһλĳС䷢һͷ䵥׶ǽޣҪ߽ʿһͬɱͷޡ迼һʵСֻСʱˣҹҪȥľ졣
Χ۵ȺУս𱬡ǽϼΪǿĽϵ߽ޣҪĻǽȫǱۼ׿Ƹ߽׷޵ĶǿƳɽϵ޵Ѫҩɱһͷǽޣõ漫Ϊɹ߽ۡʿһ֣Ҳǳ㡣
뺺ӼҶؼ˽ΪԱΧʿ߳ôһأɿλ̨ΪѾھŲˣϣᵤЩΣգǽ޿ɲöԸʣóһϵķóϵϵʿȽϺһЩûҪ׼߽׷
ϵ޵ģϵķһЩ߽׷ϺûСҶˣ·Ĵһ۶ѣûȥԥһ£Ц˵
ʲô
뺺ӣԾĵԲ۾޷š
ԱվӣĿһۣ趯еһ߽ȷд֡Ҫ׼ȷһЩǾǼĸ֡
ʿǲϵϵʿ϶ŻôϵޣǾ˵ҶرȻ֮ӣҲǡϵʿҲûֻϵʿչ졣һѸ߽׷ûУȥɱޣʲôЦ
ǶׯֵŮӣҶһۣҲβסľȣƲסЦӵЩȤ
ΧһȦںʿԶסȺȻЦЩʿԭȼҶΪĸߣЩ⣬Ǵ˿һɨաӵУһЩĳ
̨ŰɣΣյġ
治֪ô߽׵ġĸĵӣ鵤İɡ
߽ȥǷһ
ϵܣȥŪһѸ߽׷˵ɣϲȥġ
ֱҡͷֵܣĻǶԲסˣ㻹ǻȥɡ
Ҷر˳һͨҲûʲô˳ҡͷ΢̾ڳʿȻϣʲô˶ҶŲʿһͨ
ڣҲʿ䣬ҪǿԼʵ
ܿ뿪С㳡ΧĴתơר鵤ĵطܿ죬ҵһҴͺ鵤̡󡱡
иᵤ֮
Ҷزſѯʡ
̸̬䵭ֱóһ嵥Լ
Ҷɨһ嵥ʱơǧѰҵĸᵤ֮ûУкܶࡣ


346 
۵鵤ĺܶࡣ
ҶųһΪʿҲòһ㡣
ڳ۵鵤Ҫڡڡεʿʹõ鵤
˽𵤡Ǳʵϡȱ鵤û֮⣬󲿷ֵĸ߽鵤嵥ﶼҵ
ʮԪԪٵ鵤ȻҲȻ̫࣬ҲԼúʵܿڳһ޳ǵķ١
ᵤ֮ȻҲƷǲϡȱȻҲһɽᵤʵ࣬ɼʵĻϫ¶ɽᵤʵҺȵȡ
Щ۸Ȼףͨʿ޷ȴҶؿԽܵķΧ֮ڡ
ҶؽԼƵʮƿ߽鵤·̷ɢˣȻںӽᵤߵҺ봢Уֱ뿪ͷ½ǧٿƷʯ
ԭΪҪһ£ſѰҵᵤ֮û뵽ɣ㽫ᵤ֮õ֣ЩȻЩš
Լлʣöˮϵ𵤣ټ⼸ݸ֮ΨһҪģѰһƧĵطᵤˡͻƿ𵤣ΪʿӦⲻ
ҶصȻţķţĬĬһЩ¡
̬ԽԽƽ޾뵽ʲôȥ
ǲǰǸС㳡Ϊһ֮٣⵽һȺںʿ䣬Ҳû˿ŭڿһ㣬һЦ֮
ڣɵĹ˸ᵤ֮ȴϲ֮ҲûУֻǾ΢΢죬оϡ
ƽ̬ڵĮ
Լᵤ֮Ӧȥʲô
Ҷ΢΢һЦʲôĿ⽥
ãûмˡ
֮·ãȶɺ֮·ΪûбʦͬУһ·δڼįᵤ֮Ҳ֮š
ҶڳӵĽֵ֮첽У֪УһĿڤ״̬һ֮ƺ

ڳǡ
ĳġˮƹ
ڳڲֹ¥ջ߽ʿĹЩ˿ɷǱѰԪӤʿûʸڳӵһĹ
ˮƹˣˡΪԪӤʿĵλԶ˵֮¡УҲԶʿʱڳǺպˣ׷֮䣬٣ȴò긾ˣϲ꣬ҽ㣬ڳǼԵ
˿̣λˮƹˣϣƺڿʲô
ŵģһλݵӣڸ߽׵ΪȻòȲЩӢͦʿҲôӢֻżЦǣδԵмĸо
ĿеŹĴţƺڽĵȴʲô

ˮƹװŮӣ֣̬ܣˮƹǵУнڴģŮӣҲڵͽƤŮӡ
Ϊҫ۵ģȴеһλɴŮӡòޱȵĽݣֵľɫļѩ˫˲ֱӡ
Ӣʦ㣬ʦʲô飿
ɴŮӵѯʡ
Ϊͬһλʦ£ǵΪȻܴȴʦơ
ʲôǸġʦͻؾ֪ܵģͷˮƹҲӷ˵Ҫһ㡣
ӢĴһ˵ӣɫ֮ɫ
ɴŮӿɫֻǶݵĳĬ
ʦã˫֮ǧͿĵĿɽȻħ˵һλԪӤ棬Ǳʺܵͣûǰ;ǳմݣԶ
ǣ缸껹˵̣һλ˵ʦãֻǿӣû˳Ҳ޴ԩ
Ҳ¡龪˵ɽǱħ˵λǿѹȥʵ̫ɺޡ
һ˵ģȺʦñߴߴۿˣǼ޵Ķ
лλʦʦãзִ硣
ɴŮЦ˵
˵㣬ѾŲ۷壬ʦҲѾ͸һö𵤣ΪʲôأҪͻƿ˽ʿҵ뿴ҲӢʦĵȰ
ɴŮЦᵤĻֻһΣȻѾھŲ㣬ȴûʮİա׼ȫʮİ֮ٷý𵤲١
Ƭ֮ȺŮ˼
ӵĿʱһȣվܻĻŮмλɴŮӣҹһޱȵĶŮӴк
ʦãλʦʦãˣ֪ЩŮͰˡ
ޱջǣɴŮҲûһۣڡҪһ֪ԼֶΣһЦǲʩʩȻȻվһԡ
ʦҵкηԸ
ɴŮʩ֮峺ıϵˡ
ϰʮǰոµĵӵ̬ȡΤ˵һƼͬĻʸ͵ˮƹΪӡ
ӲǱʷǳҼΪڷܣ̶ʮͨʿһҲˮƹڵм䣬ߵһ
Ȼ൱⣬Ҳ˼ߵĺպˮƹ֮λôУҲڿ֮С
º͵ЦЦӵˣкһɣ
˵ʵġ
ҲӵǺܺãҲһ㡣ǲñӽ˫ޡ
Ψһһ㣬ħ˵һλΨһϵѪƫƫԴӼΪݣɽνӲʿ϶ҪᵤġҺܻܿȫ̳λ²ǰ;δػĵλ˵Ҳϱ
ˮƹݳӲܾ£ںħ˵λֽδЩǣ˫ֻʮѿ
ȡ̬Լ̬ȡ
Ӧֹɣȫһ׮¡
Ǳľܾ֪ѶˣҲǴ˵顣ˣµĵӻά
ǣû뵽ʸܾ֮Ļˣͷˮƹܣв֮ơ
ΪΪѡ
ʦδᵤֻȫͻƽƿϾǴ¡
ʸ˵
ЩˣæӴóһУʦãͣھŲԲѾһˣȴٳٲ𵤡ϴӦҽ˫ޣһνᵤʧܣҰҵǸ𵤸㣬һͷҼҪһΣҲᵤʦã㿼һ°ɣֻҪӦ⸱ھġ
һ˶һ𣬱ĴֱʸסԼͬһͷһ񣡡
ˣ¶֮ɫаģԸ±Ǯ𵤶ԸóҲмǡ
ΪŵӣʸѾõһ𵤣һνᵤĻᡣǻʸٳûзνᵤʧܣǾֻܿʸԼȥ취ȥýˡ
˵Ĺأ˵ԪӤ棬Ҳû̫𵤿Թӻӻ
ʸһʿʵҪ֮ٴطý𵤣ѶǼ


347 Ķ
ԽΪˮƹ𶯵ͬʱҲһЩ뷨
ˮƹڵӣǶļ񣬵ҲеԾɲ˭óóģһ𵤣ǶһݳΪʿϣ
˴ʱλϲ黨ǲݹӵĺøһࡣٱԻʸ㹻ĳ⣬˵˵
ȻʸλʦʦǶĵǵԶʸȻ츳Ѷڷܣǻȱ㹻Ŀɽδܹڳָ֮߶ԶλħһλԪӤĵϵѪ׵֧֣˺ħ˶ԨԴպ鶼׺ܶࡣ
ҳҪʿ˫޵ģļȻԸó̬δزֵÿǡ
˫ϵ˫Ǳв𣬽ᵤ֮ʱضΣաҪͻƽƿ˫Ϊ׵İ취ٹȻ˳⣬㲻濼һ¡
ʦ
ʸɵȻˮݲȵڽᵤ֮ǰῼǴ£ȥɡ
һӣĿһ±ˮĿһԹ֮ɫƵӿ˳
Ѿ֪ǵڼαؾˣÿһζ˵ؿǣǴûиһȷĴ𸴡СˣǰɣҪ֪ٹ
ȻʦڲԸ⿼ǣҸǣЩ˼¶ϣֻɫ΢΢һ£ɶЦ
뿪ˮƹһȺʮħ˵ʿȻȥ
ƲԳԷơ¼ˣҶˣҪ֪һһֻҪ뿪ˮƹ档뿪ˮƹʱͷһۣһĨЦˮƹκβ㣬뿪ҵҪʲôӹҵġ
ǣٹ

ʸ뿪ˮƹڳֵϡ
ĵľܴĸţѾˡ
Сߴ֮һ൤ָӱĳ󣬱Ǹ߲ĵӣЩŸ汲޼ɵĸ߲竵ӣ࣬ʮΪԡ
磬൤Ž֮Ůλ磬Ȼû˸зǷ֮룬Ҷʩѹ
ȻڳȻͬ˵ǿƣȨԪӤʿաˮƹλԪӤ֮⣬ûɽ൤ŵļλûʸΧ
ħ˵һλԪӤĵף֪ܵʱһֱԽᵤΪʱ䣬Ĳ߳ŭ֮£ɥʧǡ
ħλԪӤһԪӤԹʲ֣һССʿǸס
ڶе˵ħ˵
ıѩȻ֪Ӧµð취Ǳǽᵤ
ֻнᵤڵʿڲ΢˵ϻĳЩ֮Ȩ
ڽʿ˵ĸ߲Ƚں
ʿûκλȨӸ߲ķԸ
ΪһССʿ˼ûгµĿܡ棬Ҳܻܿھ޴ѹ֮ѡãħ˵λԪӤϵ
ÿһ뼫Ϊ
Щ֮ǰơ
ʸʱģȴǸħʿйأһ顣
ѾʮˣҶʦܻûе𣿡
Ϊ磬ûзҶص䣬Ҷغʹ󲿶ʧɢ
ûеĹҶǷѾ붴ߵҽϣѪĻӡϹһ̿ʼ˵һķʽһκһԪʧһضĸӦ
ʮѪĻӡûرķӦôҶʦܿ϶šȻգδػѽѵҶʦô
Ҳȥԭ
Щʱ䣬ڵѪĻӡ΢΢Щ̣ǾԽԽһֱܷӦѾоҶڿٵĽӽڳǣֻǻ֪ǽϣѪĻӡ̵ڴԵɡ
ڳǹâԻͣҹнֵϡ
ͻȻһѩ峺˫ǰķҵȺȥ
һʿڽ첽еţȻº͵Ц⣬Ϥףͷӿֳһ޷Ƶϲá
һɲǼ䣬ֵƺ
ֻһӰ
ʦ㣡
ҶͬӲڤ״̬УͻȻ˹ǰ֮Ļʸһ¡ȫû뵽λ˼ĺŮӣ˿̾ͳǰ
˾ңңãǧߡ
Ҷʦܣ
ʸҶ߹˵Щµ㣬ҶǰҶȻĶ
Ҷ˵ʲô
ʸ鶯ȴԸҪʣ߱ˡ
ҶȻ첻ѯʡ
ڳڣкܶ鲻˽ġ
뿪ڳǣ׳ɽΪâϷȥ֮еһ﷽ԲŨСϡ
С첻̫һСɽ塣
ʸ˱ǷɽСɽɽĳʯһ˫֣Ĵ˼һ׹ʯϡǰʯþʧ󷨴򿪣һĶ
һ˺ˮƹı־ʾЩ˵ݺͺ̨ͨʿǲҶĶͷġ
Ҷһ׹ǻʸĵ죬ⶴӦҲǱġĵ죬ҲʿݣܹӵһС鵺Ϊס
ҶظŻʸ붴
棬²ػþ
ⶴǻʸıչ֮أҲ֮أʮʯԡ鷿չҡңиһӦȫңۺɫء
ҶػǵһνʸĹ뷿
൤ŵʱûȥʸĹ뷿ֻ±ʸͳ˲ɡ
û
ʸҶضЩһ˫Ŀգգϲ΢졣
û
Ҷرһ۵ķɨһ٣޷ѣһһ˫֡Ҳδ˵ʲôʱ˵أ˵ʲôǶġ
ʸû뵽ҶؾȻ˺Ƥһ⣬ȴһڡ
ҶذԵռģŷֻʸѾ۷ΪˣɵѾڵھŲ㣬Ӧܽᵤˡҵ˽𵤣
ʸɴĿҶصļͷζҶؿů΢΢ͷѾһ𵤡Ҳ֪ҵıǱƫƽʱⲻ󣬿һҪͻƽƿΣȴ̫ȻѾ۷壬һֱûý𵤡
Ҷػ˵ͷȻ֪ʸͻƿʱǳζͻƿˣʹࡣʱʹֻ࣬ʤٱ
һϧ֮⣬ɽ§ڻС
ʸһĻУϣֵĺΡ


348 ΨһĻϵ
ʸҶصļͷϳҸЦ⣬֮䣬ȴһ˿ײ΢̾Ρ
֪׵ڶɺİ;ȥҶʦƽĵִ˶еᣬѾʮοһֱҲͻȻ
鷳ûҵİ취һᵤ鷳һħĵľ
ᵤ£ζž޴ķա
ͻƿҶʦֵܷһĸֻѾˡ
Ҫͻںͽ֮ƿȴڵƿΣԻҪҶʦҲ϶ͻƿһҶʦܱܿۡ
⣬Сٽףֵ
ʮ֮ǰڻʸİ£ıǷɽѾƳһԪǹƾһԪĲ㡣ķֻн׵ķѣЩס׵ĿԼ͡
ҪᵤѶȷһĴ
֮£һĴ鷳ýһЩ
ˣ뿪ˮƹˡ
е֮󣬵ԼʿǶ֮꣬һҶʦֻһʧȥˮƹ֧֣Ҳࡣ
ҲǱƵΣòȡĴʩ
ʸ뵽ͻȻһգգ۾̧ͷʮֺ棬Ҷʦܣĺÿ죬ҲѾڵھŲԲ״̬ôģ
֮ǰΪҶأһֱҶصΪ
ƽŲҶصΪ֮¡̶ʮ֮䣬ȻѾﵽڵھŲ۷״̬Ӧһʱˡ
⵱Ȼûʸеʮ־ȡ
Ҫ֪൤źĵӣڶڳǣˮƹŵӣıܹõʼѣټĿޣԶͨʿĳɾ͡
ҶʦܳɢޣûκοɽԣÿǰһΪѡ൤ŵʱҶصĴᡣҶʦܻɽбΪδﵽ̶ֳȣ
δ
ʸҲʿǳʺϣЧȵʿ
ʦҲ˵Ҷأ츳쳣
벻ͨҶô۷ġ
ҶЦЦ
ľڻԼŮӣһʱҲ⡣
⵱Ȼԭģ֪
ߣ˵ǰɣ
ʸѩ˫ݺݵİһۡ
ţҶءϣһʹ״ԭĻʸܡᡱһѡǣǵûѹסĴ⣬еĵӡⱡ˼֣һ˫֣ʼʵߡ
ʸǾޱȵĽݣ͹µĽ֮£ķ顣
Ҷزӹأ֬壬ĲԺ˵һʱѳֲסһ½Ƶڵ촲ϣصѹȥţأ֮䡣
ʸɫѾһƬͨ죬оҶһ֮߳£뽫ҶصסȴֻĻ
ȻѾ룬Ϊʽ˫ް£Ҷ֮䣬ȴ˫ްµĲࡣ
룬Ϊͻƿв֮١
һζݵദ뿪ɽ֮ǰسͣһ£ǵʱҶص˼ڵϣ˸УȻҲû˼顣
ǻδֻ򵥴Ļڴϲࡣ
һΣֻΪ˻
ܻӭҶظһɻȣǿҵղܡ
Ҷغģεĺ촽˫ߣŰȵǣҶصĴϢǹϤǿҵϢ֮С
ʸĶҶذԵַ֮£ܣҲ׷ſˣٰ裬ͱ̢ꡣ
һ籩꣬ڻʸĶڵĴչ
ǿҹϢ
ҶΪʲôڴԲнᵤ֮£ͱ֮Ժһɶ
֪˶ã񱩵ķ꽥Ϣ
ʸҶصؿڣ˫Žһ˫ֻܲʵҶأ֪עһһѷ֡
ʸǰӣ˸еĵϢɫȻһ
һԱҵءѩ׵ѵ΢΢һ죬ùȡһССĽУ򿪣һ鵤˱Ƕ⻹и
ڿУȻסҶصĿڣһ֣һ»ҶصĿС
ҶͻȻоһŨҵĻϢʺ
ǻϵ𵤣
ҶصĴܼ´棬ͻȻϣԾĶŻʸ۾
ô֪ǻϵ𵤣
ʸɫҲ΢΢һ͡ûм𵤵ʿǲ֪ʲô鵤Ҷʦô붼֪ǽ𵤡
Ѿ뿪ˮƹǵԼᵤΣԣҶȽᵤԸһЩܹɹǶмһ˳ΪᵤʿôǶպڶеĴƮ㣬Ҳࡣ
ҶصһЦһţǻϵ˳
֮ǰȻ֪ʲô鵤֮ǰùˮϵ𵤣ԶԽʮСϵ𵤸ˮϵ𵤣кֻ֮ܶ΢΢һҩ֪ԼĽ𵤣óá
ҶȻûб¶ʲô飬еĸжȴ
ھ󲿷ʿԣý𵤵Ѷȣ졣ʸѵû𵤸ԼܿҲò𵤡
ý𵤵ļѣҶΪ֮ˣ᲻֪
Ψһһöϵ𵤣㲻Ҫô
ҶӣĿ⿴
Ҷʦܣȥ𣿡
ʸҡҡͷ¶֮ɫ֮Ȳ˵ǽ𵤣ǵҶһھܾ֪Ҷ൤ŵʱҲаȻ͸ҵһ棬׽ܱ˵롣Ҳûаա
ɻû뵽Ҷһ±㿴ö鵤ˡ
ҶöĻϵ𵤣ͻȻת˻⣬ʵ൤źɣҳɫʿˣΪʲôȴֱѡңûκǡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôʱ㣬ƺڤڤУұӦøһ𡣿Ǹҵйذɡһɢޣ޵λԣҵ൤ŵĽ棬൤ʿ
ʸ峺ҶأЦʵҪģĺٺ١Сʱֻһ𡣺ˣֻƽƽڣֻһҶʦܣأҪʲô
ң
ҶسֻСسƧԻСӣڼѣֻúõĻšССԸڷҵҲδʵ֡ȥǣһֱɷɵ߶ԶҲ֪
ʸȻһЦֵʵԸˣǴ΢΢׵˫֣һЩ΢΢ţҶزϷ¡

ٹŮѾ뿪ˮƹȥˡΪ̫ߣ²һ·׷ٹȥ뿪ڳǣӦǷص춴ȥˡ
ˮƹ뿪֮ᣬȥݵıչաû뵽ճأ£һϲϢ


349 滯
Ҷؿöϵ𵤣Ĭסˡ
ԼᵤҲҪȳΪʿƬ⣬ȻסܵĻκ⣬Ըܾ
ϻжöˮϵ𵤣ϵֻһö
Ǳ˫ֻܷñϵĽ𵤣ſͻƽƿˮϵûõġҪѽеһöϵ𵤸ˣɲ֪ȥʺϱõı𵤡
Ȼˣϸһˮϵñʯˮӣл졣Ǻķѵıʯ¹ھ޴δһܳɹһж˵
ҶػűĽѰ˼һ£ԼĴȡһƿöɢ֮鵤Ҫ˵ֻó
㿴ʲô
ˮϵ𵤣
ʸһ˫ѩգһ£̧ͷҶأС졣ҶʦܲѾھŲ㣬оȻҲн𵤣⾪ϲ治١
ʮɺ;У׼ˮϵ𵤣ᵤ֮ﶼ׼ˣ˶ҵطᵤöϵ𵤣á
ҶصͷЦ
ǡ
ʸһ£ҡͷöˮϵ𵤣ʧܵĿԣδؾһܽᵤᵤ֮ǰҲ𵤡ᵤ֮ٽᵤ١
Ҷؼ˼֣Ҳ˵ʲôȻΪ˭˭ᵤûжִֻҪ׵ţ˶δһڽ𵤡
ðɣˮϵ𵤿ܲܽᵤöϵʱšһ½𵤣Ҫϲգʱڲ׶÷ʿȫ
Ұ㻤˵ˮƹͨʿڴ˵¡ʸͻȻħ˵ġڰǰɧŹ˵Ҷʦڴ˵ؽᵤδؾ԰ȫϸĿڣԷһǻһ졣
Ѿ뿪ˮƹ϶Ҫ˵ء
´һʸѣʰ׼뿪
СƬ̹򣬻ʸڵƷ봢СҶصЦŻʸʰҲšû뵽ѩıҲĸǱʡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶصɫŹһϥһģȫϸڡ
ɫϿƺƺĳŹֵ顣
ȷǳŹ֣ҲͻȻ
Ϊоڳ˱ʡ
ʶ̳˽ȥ
ľԪڵһԪ򣬼ٶȳ𸮷ȥ
˻𸮸
ԵĴһ
ֻڣһֻȼںɫɫľ޴ֻ˫չнһ೤ڻ趯޵ᡣ
ΧʮɷΧڣÿȶһ³򣬱ǧ滨ͬѩһƮ¡˵Ѥ𸮵Ĺâϡ
ɲҹȥЩ滨ֻҪմһ䣬֤Ҫɢ
õ滨𸮡
ڵϣһĳǰʯ顣
ҶһۿһƿĳǣȻ׹ô¡
һ棡
Ȼһ档
ҽ׽ֻһ棬Ƕһֱ󣬱ɴ˻УЩ꣬Ҫֻˡ
û뵽ô꣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻȻʼڻ˿Ӽ
ͻȻӼƳɵ
Ҷ𾪵ǣһֻܵͽ棬ҡһ䣬ȻΪһֻ׻
׵ʵ൱£߽ʿ
ֻڻڿ裬ͻȻʲôһͷڵһɫСҶطһ׻棬ǿԷ
Ҷسһɶ˻ⲻȡôֹ
һ˲䣬ֻ׵һ㱻һ׻ûɲǼ䣬Ļ棬ΪסƺԡɳΪ߽׵Ļϵ档
ϧȻ׵ĻϵҲ޷һ׻ȥֻǿ׻֧գǱ㿪ʼڶķǵ濪ʼȼա
ֻһӵֻ˷ǳݵʱ䡣֮ʱһҲľ
ڲտգ˾ǣһԾ޴Ļ˫ȴŵɫͬöϵѣҲ漣ı
ĲԭӦ׵Ļϵϡһ׵ȼ֮£⸱ǿѾӽ߽׻ϵϣȫƳɶ׷ǽʿҲȫá
ʸֲԾнҶģҽӱߣʧȥһŵʶϢǳٳ״
ҶֻǴŵķϢδ
Ҷشգʶϸڹ۲Ż
ڻʸޱȽ֪ʱ
۾Ŀһ𣬡һСС⣬ǿֶһ׷һһɳĵɫγǰ
ʲô
ʸ죬һ۱ϲԷǳǳѤĵγ
Ҷص˵ͷһ棬㻹ǵõҽͷһ棿Ϊġ
˺һͻȻҽӱߣȷһͷҽʯޣôɵˣ
ҶؿЦ鸴ӣһʱҲ˵⸱ҰƳһϵᶥ׷Ӧû⡣һ׷ܹһ顣
ΪĹϵѾǳ⸱ʵԼơһЩ޵ĺǣ⸱

ٹµѾˡһʿһСȺʮʿĵǰЩʿҲнΪ
ţʸǷڵϣ
Ѿ˶¹ȥ죬ʱûκζб仯ʱʿ̵
úá
ĵ˵ͷɨʿһۡЩĸֻ
ǷҪ뼸λʿһȥ
Ǹݵʿԥһµ
ˣһ߽ʿܷ˲ɡʿض֪ǹȻȥ˵ˣ˵󲻴˵ССִ˿ܻˮƹӰħ˺֮ĹϵǲӦµġԴҪһ֣³֮ˮƹ뷴ҲˣҲִ¡
¶Ц
ҲȵֶΣ뿿Լġѩ߰ŮӣʾҲġǻʸˮƹɫŮӣмһˣϴӦɨӡ
ٵȥ
ǻʸᵤɹڳǱضʮעĿʿҲ׷󡣵ʱһʿûб˹ϣ
ߣ
ĴһȺĸʿ뿪ǹڽֵϺֱײһȺħ񹬷εʿû˸Թԡħ˵ʿǷǳԵһȺʿҴ뿪ڳǺɶȥ
֮һȺʿڻʸĵϿա
ȺżʿҲв٣ȺʿڵΧסһС죬֪Ҫͻ׷ױܿԸС
Ѿִ˴ʿֳΣٹδ쳣
ʸʦãڴ˵أ
ĳȡ
ûж
ǾͶְɣ
ϹһĨЦһ֣ʿһͬʩչڻ򡢷Сȥеɶл󷨡
Ļ󱻴ƣ


350 Χ
ĺʮ񹬵ʿһСϿգ˵䵺춴Ļ󷨣ͼֱӺ俪
ٴӴ˵츽ɹʿһĻĿɿڴͣڸԶָָ㣬۷׷ס
Щ·ʿֿɿԽԽ࣬ܿʮ֮ڡǶڵʿȻǲĵħʿҲ̫ǡ
Щ˲ħ˵ʿʲôѰ£
ǵ˵ıǣƺǴ˵Ķɣ
Щħ˵ʿҲ̫˰ɣѵΪǺӣ
˭֪ءħ˺˵ʿֻһϷˡ֪Შʿ
ʿ׷ҡͷ
ҲѹЩ·ʿȣϾڳǺܽ˺ħϽܵĵط˵صһܺãƬȺһЩҡ
Ⱥħ˵ʿȻϮʿɶǻ˵á
㵨оڶе뵺Ǻټġ
һãȻ󲨣˵ĳͻ
ȻЩ񹬵ʿ񹥵ϵĻ󷨣ͿҪ󷨹Ƶʱ򣬴ʱֳµıʡֻԶҫ۵Ĺâµʿɵִ˵졣
ЩʿԲֵġǵϣȻ˵ıǡһϵǰֹĵħʿ
ס֣ģ̫ˣĪΪ𣿡Ϊ׵һӢͦӣƼһȺ񹬵ʿںСϵĻ󷨣ϳΪ֮ˣĿʱһݣȡ
ĳЩʿķƳһۣƺʶЩʿΪȻĺЦ
Ŷ˵˭أԭְ񹬺ˮƹ飬ǽ׹޹أñ֡
ǽӾס⸽һϴĵ죬˽׹ĳλԪӤĺˣλҲ̫͡Ǳһ֧ʿ˵Ͳһء񹬵ٹĿɲʲôٹ
ң¿ɱĶһ࣬ᡣ
˵ˮƹʸʦõĶΪˣô޹أٲס֣ݹҶ֡Ľ漴гһ޽ָģεķŭ
׺ݵĿĽӣη塣
µʿʱţս
ԶЩΧ۵ʿԸһƬȻ׷׹ˡ
֪ʿ¶졣
ˮƹʸĶѹʿ
ΪԴǵĻ
ʸڳһʿм䣬Щ黹ʮǰйء
ÿʮ꣬һʿˡħ˵ʿǾ󲿷ֻ֣Ϊ˵ײ㣬ûʲôλԣʱܱȥܹΪʿ˼١
˶ʿΪӣܹȥн϶ĻΪʿ
ԪӤʿֱΪ״ӵʿֱëһϡΪԪӤʿֻͨսʿΪӡƫƫôʿܹô١ЩպкܴĻΪʿ
ÿһԪӤʿΪӵʿɶڶʿעĽ
ʸʮǰڳǣΪˮƹ˵ŵӣڳһʿм䣬С𶯡
ʮеʮԪӤʿֱΪӵʿ֮һһŮӡ
ʸΪˮƹӺӼ¶棬Աɴ治¶ݡɾ˺ħУԻʸĵʿҲЩеλʿȣܾ֮㲻پƤģһֱǰˮƹģ֮١
λ׹£ҲĽ֮һ
ħ˵˾Ȼ۵ˣԻʸĽѾõʿ˵ֱǹȻơ
һƻʸϢ̴˹ܹĽŮӻĵĴõĻᣬ϶ܴ
ֻû뵽ֵ̨ӲٹҴֱࡣ
һʱоǳļ֡
Ǵ۵СۣԥҪҪִһʱ
С춴󿪡
âӶڷ˳һһŮ߽ʿ
˵ǲõһϵҶأлʸ
Ҷغޱ飬ĿɨʮʿһŭǸñϲһ£㱻Ⱥʿƻգʵǿɶ
ʸ˫ЩʿǵȺ綼Ȼ塣
Щʿ̫һЩ˫⻹ЩǣΪҶظеǡ˵ʶҶصֶΣ֮һֱ̫Ҷصʵ
ʸҶһͬӶڷɳߵʿߵĽʿʮΧ۵ʿɫһ䡣
ЩΧ۵ʿ죬һϷı顣
ɫʮѿޱȵĶŻʸҶأ˵ô£ξܾҵĺ⣬ҲмһˣԭСˡ
Ťͷǽӣģ㿴ûѾСˡ㻹ִ£赲ң
ɫףڻʸҶ֮ɨá
һԲĬջ˾޽
̬ȣѾִˡ
ļ²ˣ޺޵תҶء
ſһ£СǹΪһɳѪɫǹࡣһŨɱѪǹϺ֮
СӣҲʲôˣΪγֻѡҪôԱԪҪô¾ǹһǹһǹԼѡһɣ
ĵʿɢΧסҶغͻʸˣ˸ԵķʹõķҲ඼нס߽׷
ǲδŶ֡
ǿɲΪҶغͻʸʿܴȺʿİΧߡǶǸ߽ʿҲɡ
ħ浱ʹùԪ
¾ǹǿɱʿķպ
ȻѹţҹȻʿĶ
ЩΧ۵ʿѾϰ֮ڣǱѪɫԪһ
δϵ˭
ǸԪ񹬵棬Щʿ
ıڰ˲ʿԪ֣һʮнס߽ʿ¡
ǿҶغͻʸɳ֮ͬɫ
ǿ߽ʿҪùˡбʿӵϳ˵ķûܶĹ
ߵʿҲ˲ִ£۵ſһϷ
Ҳ׷ʸǱʸ䵭ܾˡû뵽ȴʸȴһλҲûʲôʿһ
°գϣʰСӡ
ҶؿҲûŵģƲͷƽʻʸЩʿʲôˣ
ħ񹬵ʿΪ׵ԪӤΨһϵѪסһ˽׹ʿ⣬ҲԪӤĵϵѪףӦöǵ¡
ʸ˵
ҶûЩΪʲôҪ򶴸
ʸҲû˵
Ҷ˵ⲢҪҪЩʿѾˣҶˣҪЩ˶ǸԪӤйϵʿҲҪȻǳģȻҴ⣬޷̵顣
Ҷʦܣ̫һЩǲǡ
ʸƽ
ǿҲ
ǵսҲԭºǿн֣նɱĵҲǰЩ˾ǶЩЩʿĿԼСҪ뿪˵أδûлᡣ
ҪʵҲࡣ
ҶػҡͷĿΧһȦЦ
ĻڵҶԱأû뵽ȴôһ仰
ʮΧҶغͻʸ񹬵ʿԣһ£ʱЦᶼЦٿزˡ
ҪࣿСΪ˭̫ˣ
ĪΪԼǽʿ԰Ǻɨһգ


351 
ҶظղǾ仰ֻ񹬵ʮʿƲסĿЦ
׹ºʿһȻе˼顣òӱһȺͬʿΧѾɽˮĵزˣӲ
ЩԶΧ۵ʿǷ׷¶ϧ֮ɫ
Ҷص󣬵ȴĴЩĿֵʿĶС˫ʵԱȺԣǵУҶǺʤ㡣֮ǰģǿӲҲеˡ
ҶƽĿʿķӦ
һأϲڡ
Ϯ֮ǽʿʰ·磬˵̺ͱߣӶԶԶĽԪ֧СƬ̣ûʲôʤ㡣
ϧǰʮʿǲǽʿĲ̫ࡣĵʵܿܽǿһЩ⣬ҲͨʿĶ׷ûС
Ҷһ»ʸ˫С֣õģЦǵõ룬ɱ޵ģ
ǵá
ʸһ£˵ͷǶʱʶҶصʱĿȻǵáʱҶʹӷ·ʮСǿϮϣڵΪɨ˶ĵͽޡͻϮһַɱ޵ʱرЧ
ͽ׷ԸһȺнס߽ʿЧô
Щǡ
ͽ׷ǿҲܶЩ߽ʿӰġοһȺʿͻΧԶߣһЩ
ĿҶشݵŻʸС֣鱩𣬼Ҫð̣Ҳ̲סѪɫǹһָҶأ񹬵ʿȣһϣСӵҪӵ¾㲻ࡣ
ʮʿ̷ݷҶغͻʸΧΪ񹬵ˣǵʵͨʿм䣬ҲǺǿˡ
ҶüͷһҪֵʱ
Ҷʦܣûмҳˣʦʰǰɡ
ȴʸȻһЦѾҶһڳ룬һϮѵĽȻѩ˫ɨϮʿ
磬ͬʿ͵Ķʿ֮硣ǿߺеĶҲΪǰЩͨʿж
Ҷ΢΢һ£ЦЦٳ֣ս
Ǻ⽣
ʸСһţһâ
˽ת˲֮䱩ǣΪһɳӨ͸ı͸ĽΧŴΧĺʮɷΧ¼½ļͽʿݿս
ڱǺ⽣ǰüʿȥ
Ԫ
ǴüʿʱһԼг̫ǰˣϧʱѾˣֻӲͷƤٿеһ׷Ӳ˹ȥסǱϵԪĿԼСѾӵ׼
꣡
һ
׷ϱһСȱڡ
ǰɱȴϵֱӶѣһΪ
Ǵüʿû뵽ֵĽҲûȥԭ򣬶ʱıǣϲ֮£ٿطǰ塣
رһһҳ
ٴ
üĴ֮ºη壬ٿض׷ضѵı˹ȥ

ȻĽرٶȱ߽⣬ġ
ıɽɱü΢΢㵣ʼæҡ
Ļˡ
ü󺺺Ȼʧɫ
˻ʮ
ʮɳıǷɽΧ֮£ǴüʿٿصĶ׷޿ɵĿ¶ʿ֧Ԯת۱ڰУһȺиʹһű˪Ѫ
󣡡
ʸһָ³ĸ֡
ʮСԪڽɱ˴ü֮ɻͱϵԪγһʮɷΧļٱУڻʸΧ
ǽڵĻʸѩŽ֮ĵˡΣڰɫ֮У˿ա
һƢ𱩵ʿ̫죬ͣѾڻʸı֮ڣǵıϢϢٻֽ˪Ѹٸ
ĿȥΧǵȫǱǷɽĹӰһ޿ƥеıкϮ䡱һĸ߽׷ȱѣڼתıУűΪϸС飬ΪһűѪڱϵıΪϸСĩ
ʮǺ⽣ɵĽ󣬽ɱ˶߽ʿ
Ѫ֮УɢһȻɱ
Զսʿһ
ڸһԹսҶأű˼οЦЦıսǿڿЩˡ
ʣµ߰ʿɫһ䣬˵סͣ໥һۣԼͬڱʮ֮⣬ǿȥе
Ҫ֪Ǳȸղ߽ʿʵҪһЩҲǿ
Ǽǿʶͬʱ˳Ĳ˶ǳסҪĲٿһ׸ӵĽҪʶͷǾˡ
һϣм͵ĻƵ󣬵Ǿ󲿷˿϶ڽ֮ڡ
Ҫ⽣һΪ򵥵İ취ǾñȱǺ⽣ǿԪ·ӲȥЩʿȫûʵġ
񹬵ģн׹µʿȻסڲʶʸʵǾȻѹ֮ǰֻΪòģ̫ӿλܱԪӤʿƸΪŵŮӵʵ
룬ûԶʿĳǿʵܻᱻλԪӤ濴ۡ
ġǣҲֻΪѪ׵Եʣ񹬺ͽ׹мߵĵλƾʣûпܡ
һʱ佩ס
ʸٿر󣬵ѵʿ뽣֮ڡ
ЩʿĿ⣬ȴѾη嵨
üͷһԲ
ҲɵӣҲԼһȺĸȥӲ󣬰װֻһ취ǾԳ֣¾ǹƵű
ǣʮɷΧı¾ǹ֣һ¡
òϣʸΪս֮ϡ
ǱǺ⽣ԪĵΣҲ¾ǹ١ңЩķԶʸڷܡ¾ǹǳų棬ӲҪӲûаա
üſ˵ЩʲôջǴԭأһԲ
ǣ񹬵ʿڵ̬ȣ׹ʿڿ֣һȺΧ۵ʿԶָָ۷׷ףܺޱʾ
սٹ
ɨʿĿ˻ʸĺ棬һģҶءҶڳһ˭Ҳ֪ðģһʿԶȻʸöԸˣҲܽ档
һͷѪɫǹһָҶأһٹӲŮӶӹһŮ˺棬ʲô¡
˵ûŮӳų棬ʵ˳Цҿλϵܣ㻹վֶһ㶷ˣҲȵͷڹҪá
˫ֱأ˿һϷܿųϽȥ
ٲµĴʱʲôƲҶسʸһֵͬӣͬޣҪɱֹɡ
ҶؿһŵģȻɨһһȿϷ£Ĭһ£ͻȻЦСҵٹһʵáΪʲô㲻һϣ


352 ܹ֣ɱ
Ҷƽ˵ţԴƵĿƲһۡ
СյĶϣ񹬰˾ʿ׹ʿʿڲԶΧ۵ĽʿȫĬ޷ŵĿ⿴Ҷء
쬣һƬš
һλħٹڴˣʿѾǳҶˡ
ĵĿɽ֮ǿӲͲ˵ˣҲ˲ĸ߽ʿӵ¾ǹ˳ԪʵͬѰʿме֡
û뵽ҶƫƫһĲҲˡ
ʲôˣµĿɽѷһҲԪӤ档Ųʿͬӵо񷽣һԪʵ˿ġ
ݵĳĬ֮ʿȺкıһƬֻȻǿҵɣҪͬʱӭսٹģ׹£ѵ֪ʲô𣿡
ĪͷĵϵãԶô˿壿
һֹʿȺܿ¾
ΪĺѾӸԵʿȺ˳˶ص롣ǲʸĶҶء
ʸ֪Ķ޹أֻܳ˱ջ˱Ǻ⽣˵Ҷصԣž֮ɫҶء
̫ҶĿǰӵеʵ
Ҷصľԡ
Ҷʦܼ൤ŵʱ򣬵λͣʽ֡һµ͵ĬĹ֣侲Ĺ̵֣Ĺ֡൤УܾһʱȻûмλʦֵ֪ܽĴڡ
ʱʵѾܽӽûκΪø⼸λͬţѹͷָͬţΪͬŵļޣ΢߲ͬʿע⡣
֮Ѫսĳ䣬ΨһһעģǸԭʮɷʿ֮һİľϴһ̣ƺƽճԼãʵʿҲǶ⼶ġս֮ҶûʲôԶʿǰҡ
ҶһһĬĬļСЩԺܿ϶Ҷʦܶɽû˿ȤҲٲʿ֮ĶԹֻһɣκ鷳
ĳ̶ֳϣҶʦܸʵǳơ
൤ڣУЩע޵ΨһģֻĬĬɶѡҶʦһɡ
Ψһһϴ鷳ģұǴż֪Ϊʲô飬ҶʦܴҴҴұ·άסˣ֣ҶʦϮɱάʱûڳԺܿ㲨Ĺȥ£Ҳֻ֪
Ҷʦһ͵Ĭ̵ˣͻȻϴ鷳һٹĻӲҪѽ׹ҲϣǶһϡ
ʸھ֮࣬Ҷƽ͵ӣȴǸж
ⳡͻҶʦܲϧ鷳ҲҪ֣ȫΪ
Կ
Ҷʦվվ˳Ϊͷ
оҶرһƽͫȴɱ⡣ɱ⣬ҪɱˣаɱˣŻ֡
ôĺ£һˣ߶ˣɱġ
⸽жʿΧۣȻɱٹ׹˺ħڣλԪӤŭձе
Ҷʦܣ
ʸ峺Ŀ⿴ҶأԸ⿴ҶΪԼĴ鷳
֮뿪ܿġ
Ҷתͷ΢Цһ£ơ֪ΪʲôʸһƽĵЦͻȻĺ֮ǰļƣûʧȥ侲
ҶһĶ롣
СΧϢֻкХķ
Ҷءġ£߽ʿǵУһλٹһλһλĸ߽ʿСյĶ룬ռһǡ
Сӣҿôһ
Ѿŭ
ǳ嶯֮ˡ
һԳԷ̱Ҷسսһ߹ĶɱҶءһʯ֮ߣܳҶ֮ˣܽ˼ʸĵķŭ
ɡ
ǸղţҶƮƮ䳰һ仰Ϊʲô㲻һϣһۣ㶰ıƳˡ
ܲվ
һʿӵϣսͷڹˡڳһЦ׹˹ȻӣȻҳͷ
ֱӷͷѡսһѾ㹻ʰСˣСȻݵǾ͸һ
½һֱָ񷽣һϵԪ¾ǹǸѾãС
ɵĵɫ޽ĽԵüΪȡ
ôһվΧ۵ʿһɽȵѹסš
ĵŭյı»ңɳ¾ǹңңһָǹһʺĿѪƷʵʣһɱѪɱ֮
ɷΧڵʿսһ£׷˺ǾȻٹĶ¾ǹսеյѪ˳
п
ǹְ
̫ˣΪ񹬵ٹڳһʮ꣬Щǲ֮⣬ûǸͨʿ
ԸʵʿУǶеĶ
ǻʸʩչҲ¶ֵʵСӣȻһ£ս£һϡ
Ȼ˵ʵáٹһҪ¾ǹһǹһǹ㣡С֪ʲôʵ
ŭյٹһһ٣ޱȡ
ҶؼǶʿѾͷųҲʱ䣬ſڣһɫԪ
𽣣
һХת˲֮䣬һƬӿ𺣣ְΧһӵӰһʮɳɫâڻУҫޱȡ
Χ۵ʿʱǰһ
ЩʿȻʵδضߣҲʶ
ɫԪϵȼƷɫ⼮ʿҲʵСһжȻ̫һЩһһӦû⡣
һȡ
ɵӰͬʱ뼲塣Ȼˣо޽ɽһƬѪ˽ɫӰǳ𺣵İӰȥġ
Ҷزٿ𽣣ײȥЦһţಶԪں޵Ļ𺣵ĸ£˲Ԫĳ֡
ĺ¶߽ʿ𺣣һһҼйҶءеѻǼ𲻵κ谭ãԪĹһ

˿
âȻײһ
֮УͻȻһޱҫ۵Ľ⡣һС̫㣬ҫ۶Ŀ֮ģ㶯˵ҡ㱡
ΧΧ۴սʿȫעս֣ͻȻҫ۵Ľ⣬ʱоޱȣ۾ͻɲǼҡ㱣ԼֻлȥӰӣսûŪһЩʲô
󣬽ɫâȥʧҲɢȥ
ȥˣ
ϣԺ֮УվԼʲôǰһʿؿڣϿϲĴ󺰡
ǣѹǰ״֮һ´סɲǼ׵ĺѪɫ
ȫ̳¾ǹҶǿ𽣵סǿԪҪסҲֵʮֳ
Ҷش㵵ĿˣãȻ
µľ񷽣ʱĵؿڣᴩ˹ȥ
߽ʿֵƣͣڰն롣
Щ㱣˿ǰ㵵Ҷأͷ˿˺ѿһӵؿڣתͷŵĿһ¶ϲ֮ɫ¡
ģСˣӡȻҰҡ
ĵڷ
񷽣ؽΪֲʿֿܵ
ɵ˺񱩵ľʼĵؿڴһ죬ࡢѪܡžѸɢĵ顱һ˱ѣΪһѪ
ҵţһģ
һŴѪг𣬻ΪһʧڳǵķԶԶĻޱȣԹĲҽС


353 ż
СգΧ۵ʿסˡ
ⳡе̫죬ǻƷʲôζ֮һ֣ˡ
񹬵ٹͽ׹ҪɱӵģתһٹˡٹĳԪΣ֮ѿǵԪҲ١
ʿ֮Ķٴνˡ
Ƕ֪ˡħ˸߲֮䶼ھ϶Թк޲ýԷɱ֮죬ôⳡĿܣɱٹٹ˾Ļֶѡ
׹ļʿָоɫȻдࡣҲ̫ˡⲻǶ˽ɱҲɱˣֻҪʿ֪֪˭Ҳ޷ָ𡣿ǳ빫Ķ˶ʿΧۣôȻ֡
ڣʿѵ³һ仰
׹ٹˣ
˽׹ħ񹬣ӽˡ
ߣ
Ȼ˿ˮﻹпֵ飬ͻȻܾȺһ㣬ĻΪϰٵâںɢҼɡһͻ⵽ģ϶ȺֵССϺ
ǵиûʶҶأȻҲ֪ýҶʲô̸֮ҲûгҶصšֻ֪ٹλʿ
񹬵ٹʣһѪĵԪܹҲ޷ҵĴѪˡ
˭ȥ
Ҷ΢㶵ĻʸΧ۵ʿȺУɶȥ
һ٣һȺ¼Ⱦ֣һڳǣ򣬴㳹ŭ𣬿϶ᷢйȺٹĵͽ׵ϣԽճɲǲȥ
µļʿ£ҲŸߡ
ɲǼĹСյʿӵһɶ
ĵǸѪɫ¾ǹСɽ壬һʯϣһ˸ȥԪӤϢ˭ȥ˭
ųޱȵľ񷽣ãȻΧﷶΧյı棬ɱġҵ飡
ǣ˭

ݴ񹬵ٹͽ׹ĳСսٹսܱϢڼ̵ʱڱʿ֮ڴ˳ȥϢԽԽף˺Ѿ˽׹ħ֮ıԿڳȻ󲨣ֵķзЩѾҶغͻʸ޹ء
һ֮ǧ֮⡣
Ҷ̤һͽ׽ϵɽնУǸƽı顣
űɴĻʸ峺˫Ҷأ˼ʣ޵ĺ촽ԵʮԸУĽһĨЦҶصĻС
֮ʱԹֻˡ֮񹬺ͽ׹֮䣬ưոݵĿܣҪһ粨ڣͷʱ׼ǣǻʱ֮󼪡
Ҷشżֵ٩Ц˵
š
ʸȻЩģȴ˷ܡ֮ǰǲ鷳ԲһֱġҶڶлٹҲ̲סͷˡ
ǻҪһܷͷñҸطһʱ䣬ĽᵤȹЩ꣬ƽ˾֮ٳ١ҶʦܣôͻȻĸɱ˵ģ
ʸЩ棬ҶزԵ޹ͬʱսĺ¶ˣɲΪǵ⡣
ҶغЦһſڣɳ糤ľޱȵԪ
˴Ϲʿ֮һϽɵ䣬һ󹦷żƪнľˮԪɡн󡯡żƪǱסС潣󡯡϶Ϊһɡħ󡯡Ԫֱ𽣡˿ɴне
ʸһУ糤Ԫȡˣ
Сɫ
ɫĻϵɽȻ˵ҽӲɼɫƶɵģлޱȡ
ɫĽϵɽЩҫ۴Ŀ
ɫʷɽһһĻ
ʸȻ׹ϱҫĿ⣬ͻȻԪá
ҶصЦ
ڲӵԪѾ󲿷ʿĶ֡ϽԿ䣬ԪԵн޵УС潣޵УܺԪӤʿ֣Ҳ֡
ϽԪʮֱ̬
ûĸʿܹͬʱԪԪ
Ȳ˵ЩԪļƷԭϣԪ֮Ӵ󣬼Ǯ֮һɼƲ
ЩϵˣʿҲ޷Ƴʿܡ
ƳԪȥԪ»ŲʿѪ
ʩչҪĵķֲͬ
ҶĿǰķƷԪֻ֣Ҳʩչ
ҲֻҶԼҩԼʿ㹻Ĳȥռԭϣ㹻鵤ΪԪȥǣոһյǿǵھ󲿷ʿ˵Щġ
Ҷʦܣȥ
ʸԪˣһݸҶأ
Ҷ˷óеͼᣬһ
׹֮ĳͻ»һʱ䣬¿ܻ鷳Ⱥʱܴȥ뿪˵أȥȺһᵤ
Ⱥ˵Χħ˵޷쵽ǱȥвٵʦֵܽöǱߣ൤ŵļλʦʦҲڡҪΪҼˮƹҴ˿̿ҲڱȺڹȥЩӦ
ʸ˵ͷ
Ҷ·ɽһתȺٷȥ
ףλСֵܣô
ҶҪȥʱ߽ʿԦӲԶɹͻȻм䴫һȵĴ
ҶسǿȥһλѣȥڳһģС㳡ļԱȥɱޣҲʶʿˡ
ͷ󺺣һλֳЩӣһλǶׯֵĺŮӡ˶߽ʿڵ߲㵽Ų֮䡣󺺵Ϊߡ
ˡǰЩڳǣûеʺϵʿҵֻȥΧͷ׶ǽޣȥһܡЩһֱڸĻѰңڻûҵӰֱ֪ӽֵ֣һȥɱޣڽѾˡ
ϧҡͷ
ԭͦϧġҶأδ̼λմҶؿЦáǼ˵Ǵӵĺܣڶͷ
ŶˣΤԪڶεʮˡСֵܽһΤϸˡ
˵
СŮͮҶ֡
ŮӸŵЦĿ⣬ȴǾҶԱߵĻʸҶصͨʸﶼĿҫ۵Ůӡ
ϣɼ壬ϳλʿⶫСûּҶˡҶֵļѵܸҶּһķ𣿡
ǰҡȷȻƳҶһۣҶǱͽ׷ɽΪȻĹֵҶھŲ㣬һΪһûҶؿ
⿴ҶԻվһλŮӣȴǶʱĿͣҲҡ겻ᣬͰͣ⡫λǣ


354 ᵤ
ʸư̬֮ҶһΪȻģû˼ϡ
ϱһԣǳΡ
λҶ˰ɣ
ΤԪЦǺϽΧȻһֱȴƵģʸҶسͬһɽǵվҶһԣҶصֱۣٲ²ʸݡ
š
ʸһ¸ֵ죬΢΢˵ͷͷҶһۡ
ҶֵܺøҵڴٳҲԵˡ
ΤԪԼˣɹЦ
ͬʱȷҶؿĳɼĵӡҶΪȴ֮ߣΪֵ֧ԭΪʲôҶõóֵĸ߽׷ûУûٱ£Ϊ˱ʿִ˰ɡŴ嵱ɽȢһλòķ
ϴſڣ˷ܽŵɫʱȥʮƣ֮̾ȻеЩ˷Σ磬ţȴһˣȲòļһʵǾ޴Ĵ
ͮͬԴ˸е⣬ʸһûƢûʵòӽΪ˫ް£еЩֵΪ˲˵ʲôֻȴԵı¶ĵ뷨
ҶءʸΤԪϡŮ߽ͮʿһ·ȥ
ΤԪںɱޣ޲ϺǮ޹̶֮ء˴ˬϲĴύѣҶغҲƢͶ̸ɴ˰飬һǰ
ҶضԶ֪٣֪һЩǴɵ鼮пġΤԪڶ켣Ѿã֪˵صܸ˵һ;ɱһЩͽ׵ޣĳЩϵ̸̣Щ飬Ȥ֮࣬Ҳġ
֮Ҷغͻʸ˵˹Ͻı
ǺΤԪ;Ѿֿ
ΤԪϵ;һͷ׺޵ټ˷֮ǰ׷Ȼ̫Ҷغͻʸʵ߽ʿҲһʵҶض˳
ҶغͻʸȻȥǼǰѰûʿסĻ֮׼ᵤʲô飬ҲûнᵤҪ
Ϊ˱ָʣʸҲδȥͬڱ൤ŵʦֵܽúʦʦǺҶһһߵ죬Ƚᵤ˵
ĴС춼ࡣ
ŨʺĴ鵺죬ĽʿС鵺Ҳ߽ʿռˡʣµֻĻĵ
ĵʿ޼ֵȻûʲôʿǸȤ涥סһЩ׷ˡ
ʿżڻĵɱޡ
ǻĵҲ֮ڵе죬ˡǮ޻߹򣬲ʹЩС
ϽЩģ˵һֲһϡ
ʿҶҪһСĻĵδѣֱˡ
Ļĵڱв٣ֵǮ
Ҷغͻʸ۵Сĵϡ
ֻڴ˵ؽᵤǳԵŨ̶ȲҪ
СλʮƫƧСһСҷ壬϶ǹͺͺʯ޼Ĳľ
ҪǣΧ﷽Բڣû߽׽ʿĵ졣ʿż·˵أɫ䣬Ҳ̫ע⡣
ҶЯʸĴ˵أͷųСʱ㿪ɽʯڵɽٳһӵʯĶҡչҡҡȻò죬ڶֱ˻󡢷󷨡
ʸʯҼ򵥵ĲһӴڱϷһȡһ״齡Ρ¯ᣣ֮һãԵ쳣ܰ
ҶؿЩɵۣӡû뵽Щ֮Ҳţɳ齿ȥ
ʸģκ졣
뷿֣֮ض˵
֮ǰļƻҶȽᵤʸΪ令Ҷؽᵤ֮ʸᵤΪ˰ȫҶͷȻҲųΪ
ʸսϣҶؾȥʳʿ֪һͷⲢ⡣
ǣͷڹµ˿̻Ϊһ߰ɫǵ߽׽ɱסСҲϲ£׹ΪʲôҶظûаĺ߽ʿԪĵͷ
λľ޴࣬ûսԡ
߽ʿͷϼۡ

ᵤ£Ҷشʱ˸ᵤҺнϴİս𵤣Ҳ˿ĵ˷˶ˮϵ𵤣Ҫͷƽ𵤣ʮ鷳
ԡ㣬գõ״̬֮Ҷڱչڷˮϵ𵤣ʼγƿ˹ѾԹһᳵ·
һ¹ȥչҾġ
ȥչɺ޶
ʸڸһʯŵıչ⣬һɷһĬĬغţʱ۲춴ɫǷ䣬Ȼȴû˿¶
Щġ
ͻƿʱҶΪƪȱݵԵʣֱ
Ȼ˵ƪѾܿȱݡ
֪ܻᷢʲôΣա

չڡ
𵤱ȫҶڵԪĹȣѾɲ¡
ӴԪ˳ѨϸâϸյޱȡȻЩâִϸڳھؿž
һǰԪ޶޷Ԫ
ø֮ǲˡ
ҶһϵķһҺȻʶȫϸ
Һȷ֮Чһֱ޶ԪԼӴԪҺĽӴ֮£ͻȻһ仯
Ҷ𣬼æסԪʼʵԵ
ڵԪ񣬱һŰɫ״Ĺ⻪ӴԪȫѹԪھ޴ѹ£һԪ⻪ﵽٽ㣬һμΪĵҺ
ҶɲǼޱȵϲãƺѾһ̤˽𵤴ǻϲһεҺžһѣΪһ⻪ҶصϲǸɱҡ֮С
ٶȱԪѹΪһεҺ
ϲӡ
˻ķţֱҶҲϲޱ
ոһա
ʱţ
ϸ֮¡
̣Ҳ֪˶á
һ׹ӲӵļСĽ𵤣еԪ⻪֮ҫޱȵĸϸڡʱԪѾһ⻪һöȫȫҺ
𵤴ڴͨ
˿ҶصҺĽԪ񣬱֮ǰǿ̬Ԫ񣬲֪ʵǿ˶ٱ
ϸԪϵƣʾԪҲ仯Ϊꡣ
Ҷش˿̸û˼ȥעЩ
Σδȥ
ľ⣬޾֮УһԶᣬޱ޼ʵĻ֮кЩףеĻ췭ظγС
Ѿǵξ£Ȼ֪ԼʲôʵʵĴڱԪھͺá
֪ЩγУ۳һµĸҲ˵ϸںܿ콫ֵ
ʵʵĴڱԪڣһ˿˿ףľ޼ɵιĿ¶壬˿Ķ
ԪһڱԪڣԷһ
ҶѾǳ̤ɽìͷСӣЩ֮Уʶ˸ɽڶֶ֮۽Ѿ󿪡
ǣҲûŪЩǺ
ѾӵнڵʵЩصףҲ޷ƱܵĿ־塣Ȼһ˿ףҲҷ𣬴䳹ʧ
ųȥʶһףҲ̱ıµεȳ̶ȡ
ܿ϶׵Сȡ
ƬصĿռ䣬ޱ޼ʵĻףһԣǸѽš
̷ǳ
СѾֵ췭ظ
Ҷصʶϸڣɺȴŵɡ


355 ʯӼ
СȻ֮ƴ䣬ƹڷԲʮգѹĴشƲе껮ʣ˺Ѻڰգ籩γһУСΧĺ衣
ˣ
ڣʸӦҵϢĿ¶ϲ
˵ҶʦѾͻ˽ƿ˽𵤣Ż䡣ֻҪٵסС٣ô˴νᵤ󹦸ɡ
ĽᵤʿʱѾᵤɣҪС٣ɹΣյһҶֿС١
ۿСѾҪ٣Ǳչҵʯȴûд򿪣ʸЩԾϵһƿʯš
ǣչڵҶɱĿϥı仯
ʸͻȻһ̧ͷη壬Ȼͷպѹѹȥ
ʣһƾ˵ףꡱһ£С
âƺڰ׺һ˶ͷϡ
ڶһ򵥵Ļ󡢻󷨣жϷɺʯֽһ㣬䡱ı޴ףһ˺ѿ
̮
չϥҶأȫ¶ڿ⡣
ʸСһţͷųʮǺ⽣һƬĻҶصϷ׼ӲסԪԪҲС٣˵ķ
һֱſʯҸûжĽڶۿ״ţȻŭǵ׺䵽Ļ֮ǰŴ죬ŭ³һöգһϢĺɫ⣬ӭǵ˺˶ڱĻϵס
ףͬھ
һ֮󣬽ή˼֡Ȼǵɫ⣬ȥ൱ԪʵҪסС٣Ҳˡ
Ȼ飬ԶȻʸиΪ档
Ҷʼֱ仯
޷Զһǿҵ֡
ʸ죬վȣҲòÿܿϧûϸȥע⡣ܿУż΢Ļɫâƻãޡ
Χ׽ٻʯϵİҶأȻΪһʯӼʯӼҶȫеϢ
ʯӼ̮Ķ֮Уţһʯ
ʸʯӼСڲסľȣ㶡顣
պѹѹһƬƣ˵һ֮һʱȻѰҲҶصϢڣȻ䲻ºףƾմΧļţ裬ҲͻƿڣٳδС١

䣬ҪôǺ𱩷磬Ҫôʿͻƾ硢ͻƾ硢廯Ρ챦ȵȣЩ䡣
ҶغͻʸѡС죬Χûд͵죬ҲûнʿһƫƧ֮ء
ȻǶķΧ֮ڣ˵ڶ࣬ʿΪżȻ·
С䣬Ȼǵע⡣
Ƭ̾СϿգٳٲתƻɢȥȻǱɵģҲûΡôʣµܣʿҪᵤˡ
쿴ô£
Щ˵أѰСɱ޵ʿ׷פ㣬ǷƱɫС
ӦλʿСᵤɣ
֣ǵϻߣôʿѡڴ˵ؽᵤ
ǱҪһλʿˡ
ЩʿɻҡͷȻ뿪
һĻʿСٰ֮ھͻɢȥ
¸ǹϵЩʿĽһ£ȻԼҲôһ죬жô˷ܣҲû뷨
Ͼʿǲǵġ
ƫƫ⵺ϿյʮһֱۼҲûɢȥСҲֻһʣµļδ
ò·ʿеܲ죬úܲԾһ롣
˵쳣
ﲻʿҪᵤǡܡ
һ뵽ܣЩʿбˡ
ųʿᵤ廯֮⣬ļܣܹõ޴ĺô
ڶϣææµµɱޣѰɻԵΪѰҺôô
ôܾͰǰܲġ
ɽǳģСġ
ĵرֻиðյʿܵõ
ʿٵգСȥ
һ˴ͷʿȻȿֺ˹ȥ
кôǿ˭˭ã˭ں
Щ·ʿԼһʮ֮࣬ͽסнס߽׶У½½ĽӽСʱǿ˷ǳ˳ԾһĻ
СĵϣһŮˡ
һ߽ΪɴٿʮɴŮӡһͷ˵߽׽˳ſͷŮӣӺܿǴŮӵĿܡ
Сɽ壬׺̮Ķһ޴ʯӼ
һУŹֵ˼㡣
ģɾʯӼ
ɴŮӣʱҲ㶵ĿʯӼ֪롣߽ᵤδֹ״һʯӼʿסˣСٳٳ䲻
ŮӵʵӵнȻЩʿеЩη
ʮ·ʿС֮󣬷ָ֮ǰͬôûпȿһģʯӼ
ΪʯӼܣûйϢЩʿʶ̽ϧ벻ܷʯӼڣҲ̽κ
ʯӼô˹죿
ĪǡĪǣڴ˵ػΣ˵е廯ΣŻ˵Ĺ졣֪ĸСʿ˵ôһ䡣
Ȼǵļðһɼȵľ壬ǵкɨЩʿҪɲķ
ѾܾûгڶԷǳС
ǣҲų
ԣǼҪתӡ
ڣǵҲ֮
ܣŽ޲ſܻΣΪʿԾǧһΣ;ԪӤ档ֵĵҵǰ˵ز̽ⳡС٣ֻܴԲﷶΧѣֻǽ𵤼ơɽڣӼ޲٣ȵȣӼʯӼһͷ׵ʯϵޣʯ֣ڴ˵سʯӼҪͻƽڣ١
Ϊ侲ʿ˵Ŀԡ
ȻѾγ٣ӦѾᵤˡǽʯӼ򿪣ǲһͷ߽ʯϵޣһȻˡ
ʯӼһͷ߽׽޵Ŀܳɽ֮󣬼ûշǿˡ
ĳʿ⡣
Χʮʿ׷׵ͷ
ˣȴûһʿԸǰʯӼ
һʮʿеĶһеˣеǶһˣĬ
ûŪ״֮ǰðյ飬ûжɡ㲻ã޴ʯӼϰƿʯӼʿɵˡ
󲿷ʿԸȴĻᡣ
֮䣬ͻȻеɱĿɨæתͷѰ
ҷڴ˵ؽᵤ˭ҿ˵أ顣
ʸֿرĿǡ
Щʿһۣηʸͷһʱ䶼ĬǱнʮˣҲʸв
ƭ˭ʿ˭ᵤ𣿰ɽĹأôзݡɲǹһС
ʿȺУһᲱӵʿɵĿʯӼһͷޣҲӼˡ
ͻȻһ²㲻ñ˿ĪʯӼ治ǽޣһ챦ɣ


356 ˭˭ף
ΧС̽ʯӼʿᲱʿĲ²⣬ǵ˼һ»뵽ܣƲסļҪ
ģ޽ᵤҲ챦
Сٵ챦ǵ֮
ЩͨķԪСٵ챦ǰֵһᡣһ챦֣ͬʿкߡ
ԽʯӼʶ޷̽Խоôһ¡
Ҳ֪ĸļðʧļһͻȻʯӼȥһʮʿ̡䡱һ´ң׷׷ųһȿֺʯӼȥһƴ赲ʿʯӼ
˱ȷֵģӹ
ģȥɣĳλʿޱȣֳֹ󿪴ϺɨʮɡϧûܳסƬ̣㱻ļŭʿֿĩ
ƽСˣմ㲻Ȼ͵Ϯҡ
֣Բסˣ˱С־ڱصã
ɽ磬еʱ˵ķ顣
һ챦֣ʵؽΪһ챦ײϣֵܷ˾ռߵ顣Сٵ챦˭˭ãʱ˭ȥ˼ɱˡ

ʸĿһݣʮַɳ
Сĵһʮʿһʱսһţɫҫ۵Ĺâ
ĶգСһƬҵɱ֮УѾ¶ʮʿʬסǣԶԴԴʿյͬǧﴫҴҸ˵أʯӼ
ʯӼھǺѾû˭пȥϸֱ档Ȼ˶ʿᣬΪر˵١
СĵɴŮӺͽǿʵεռʯӼλãػʯӼκͼȥʯӼʿ⵽ľѻ
Ѿܲգȴٳûн׽١
Խʿķ⵺ʯӼ֮ڣ߽ޣΪһ൱챦ߣκһʿġ
ȻСΪƫƧҲʿⱻʿעⳡɧһ⴫˳ȥӲʿĹע
ɧҵĵգһģĽߣƼС
ߣϷס֣˻ңɺͳ
һ֣һߣһڻɱʿӷ侲ʿһнʿɫң˱ܿûǸʿҵ󵽸ʿᱦ
Сֶʦ壡
ЩʿУȻϵǽʿ
š
ǰߵȻĵ˵ͷҲʿСһȦ۲ֵʯӼ
ЩʿŰʿľٶ۷׷ס
ⲻ˵ʦô⸽ʵһλнʿôˣ
򻨵϶յ
ģ֪Ǹͨ籨ˡһ϶ûǵķˡĳλʿŭ
СתһȦ֮ڵϣʯӼȥ
ʸĬֱֳǰ档
ʿһ㶣û뵽˸赲ɺȵСӣһΪףÿ
ʸһδ̬ȼΪ
һŭһ䣬һҵķУƽض
ʸ漴Աֵʮн׷УƺһɣһѪȾ˱ɴɫҲ԰ࡣյĶѾȥ̫ķһ˲ˡ
Ҳδ˵ʯӼ
ʸŵĿŰߵľٶ֪Լʵ޷ֹһнʿʯӼֻϣλʿҪʯӼ
ʯӼĸʯӼһʶδܲ̽ʯӼڵЩͺ档
¶֮ɫָʯӼΧʿһʯӼôӦʯϵڴ˵ؽᵤʲôϡġǵвٵ˵ʿȻΪ˴ɱɺͳ߽ʯϵޣҲܸϷһԺˡȺˣϷȡȥ
ȡһʯӼһУամ뽫ʯӼߡ
ף
߷һ졣
ʯӼĺܣ޶ƺڵ˸һ㣬ķֻ˵ϵļʯȻûЧ
⸽вٵʿڿʯӼ
δȡʯӼмΡ
ʯӼҲղߣЩʿǰЩ
һ£ԼʩһʱӲӣȻ˫ְʯӼϣͺһӵϰ봢дߡ
Ȼ䣬յƣһס
꣡
ף⧲İϡ
̫ͻȻȫʩչͼʯӼһʱȻûüֵֵ׽١æ֮䣬ֻüϼһ㻤֣ױѾ䵽ϡ
һ£ǲĻֱ֣ӱ׸ơ
ţ׵QȫǰߣѰ߸Ҳ磬ðǣüëȫսƤȻƺߵһʯӼԱߵ˿Ȼ³һѪǻּʱһ£ټн׵ǿķӲסֻһ׽٣ش֮Ҳᣬûʮ깤޷ԭ
һ׽٣æųܵԪס׻
һ뿪ʯӼָֻԭ״޶
ڲԶΧ۵ʿͻȻ׽٣Ȼһ
ճٳûжڳʿһ¡һʿξѣⳡСٻûйȥȥʯӼ¸ղһ׻ǻΪҽ
߰ùʲôʱףƫƫʯӼȡߵʱ򣬲¡
ݣԪͷסµ׽٣ٴ뽫ʯӼʯӼ˿ӿףյƵŨ̶ܳȴ˿
׽ʲôʱǸ갡
ͬСɣϷȥϸооƣף֮ǰˣѾеЩԲ죬һ䳡滰Ʒߡ
һȺʿǰʵ޷ڴ˵شȥ
Χ۵ʿһһɻĸоýнʿȻκβʯӼĸǱߡ
¹ļ졣
䶫ոһա
תۣȥ
ʱڣвٷŴµĽʿʯӼĴС֮ʯӼߡԼı£ǲǱ򻨵ʿǿЩ
ʵ֤ʯӼ԰ġûȥյƾǲס˭һʯӼ˭ضסʯӼƣƫƫСٵײ
ȡʯӼ׽٣δڣӲǰǺһüĶӡһͨ׽ȻǽʿҲûȥչϢ²ܻȻǽʿҲԸûȥװ
ö֮ԸԵĽʿˡ
ʿȥʯӼһСٵ㲻
ֵʯӼɹСϣʽֻһӰһͷҹСϣ뿪벽
ڱԪӤʿǲδ˭
ǴʯӼǧﷶΧĴ٣ԪӤǻȤһơһֻСٵʯӼʮޡ֮ϣСپɼǵУûвֵ̽ĶûаСС
мʿ챦ᲱӵʿԼһ˵ʿ֪СȴɲģǻСΧһҪʯӼѿ澿ǺſϷ뿪


357 
ž
֮ĳһ죬ûмʿٶʯӼȤʱʯӼʵǣͻȻζһ£ѿһСѺȱڣй˿˿Ϣͷϼ⡣
С̾˳꣬ٳδµ׽ƣڼĲ׽ҵҶϢףĺ
䣡
ʯӼӲǣһըѡ
ͬʱһʿӰѿʯӼ쬵һɳ죬ϡųҫ۹âԪǰӰơ
ǵӰ±һɽʿеİԵϢ
ףӶĴƲ¡
ǰʿзһХһָԪ˲仯ΪâֱȡסУԪ
һʱ䣬ը춯ء
ɫɽ棬ȾաɫɽǿҵĽɫâơɫɽ֮죬Χ׵һЩͽ׺޷׷׸ˮ档
Сٵף価ҶȻס׽٣ȴһ³һѪСٵ׹ȻԵȻֵס׻Ӳ֮ˡƽɢȥõС¶֮¡
ҶֽǵѪĨȥֿԪƮڰУĿо¶Сɨӹȥ
Χмеͽ׵ʿճմգԡ⼸ʿʯӼ̰ֲȥʯӼ񲻿뿪
Ǳסһʱ仹δܻعҶرĿɨǵʱǲȻһȻѹ
𵤣Ȼǽʿ
ʿʧôҲ벻ǿֵʯӼгģȻһʿ߽׽ޣʲô챦
Ҷǣһ
һӣ𽣡˿ٶȼֱȡǼʿǼʿȻ֮£ųߣžֱӻΪһŵѪԪ
ҶǿʶɨСûзǱŵʿ֡
ʶϸڣǲζ緢һк֪ϸڵ˳֮ʶѾţѸٲΧ
ֻʯӼӲЩ֡
˺ôĹ򣬲ӼӲС١ڽʿ˵ֵС˵ײף˵ҲѣҪǷƷʡӵļƷԪסСٲ̫ѵ顣
Ǽʿ
ɲܹĺ
Ӽ֮·ǳŹ֣ҲûŪΪÿͻƣӼ޽ᵤ֮ʱӼ⡣ʿᵤ֮ʱӼδЩ档
¹ϵϸܡطڡԪӤڵǿڶ࣬עĿ˭Ҳ֪ʲô鷳
ЩʿҹˣĿʯӼӼֻ·һ
ҶԪС壬ǵӰȥһӰࡣвһʹ
ʸѾ˹ɵԣ˵ĻС
ˡ
Ҷؼһӵס
ʸӵͷָԴĮӡЩݣͣѾûյ󣬸ĳȺͼᶨ촽ţ̶ĬǸĮı飬ֻǶԱˡֻ޾ᡣ
¶һ˿Ҹᣬ
ֻǺܵģ޷

Сĵָܿ
ʿ̽˵ʱȻ֣̾СճһСƲʯӼڣѿ滹׻ĺۼĿӦ׽ٶƿġǲеͷޣ֪ȥ
һʼִţʿԶСϿճѪ棬Գƻ˽ʣ˵ޱȵ
ȹ飬ڸʿмۣеϧ
Щ۲δ̫áʯӼڶֻһͷ߽׵ʯϵ޶ѣĶһЩ丽֮˵ȱ֤ݣԲš
ʿӵȽ׵ޣû˭ΪͷŹֵѰҲڡ³˹ƣվȥ˱Ȥ̸֮һ
֮
˵ңԶһСĵϡ
ҶشŻʸ˵أ¿һ򵥵Ķ
ʸڻʱһЩˣҶصļ֮£ʸ鵤˽һ£׸ԭ֮󣬲ŷ»ϵ𵤣ʼ鵤
ÿնڶķΪ˶ᱦΪ˺ôոһյĽš
ҶضԣеҲûбᵤҪ
Ҷض緢鲻Ųʣֻڱչ⡣
˫ϵɹı˫ִϸ΢ƫᵤУǳʧ⣬ΣյĿԺܴ
һΣգʩԮ
˹ȫϵ𵤣Ҫܳһʱ䣬ԼҪ£ȻȫͻƽƿĿǰ⼸½ΪȫһЩ
֮ǰҪĬĬĵȴ
Ҷش󲿷ֵʶעű״һСֵʶϸϣ۲µĸ
ھľ𸮸֮⣬ƮһոµĻҸʵţС
һӵΣֲ޾֮С
ոµĸϣͬһԼһɿ߹ϵʯڸγ֮ʱʯ㵮Ȼһ壬ʯһĹȦΧš
ʯϸܵѺ·ʾϢԪ񱮣ԪİٰʮһԪ
ҶԶԶĿǱԪϸܵѺۣ˺һ
ϣȻ
һʮֳȡ¡ѹֵĸоʲôãѾ֪ľͻ𸮵áܹȥƶ
ľܹҩݡ黨ľҪʯǳɳ
𸮣ܹ𡣿ľȥȼػ𣬻԰ѵͽ׵ĵػѹΪ߽׵ĵػ
ƶĻӦøкܴĹϵ
ҪȡЩƷʵ飬ȷϡ
Ҷ룬ϸĲϱǸݡֽľڼͽ׵Ļϵݡľϵݣֱڣʲô仯
⼸ͽ׵ݣһڣϿʼήȻȻ߽⣬֮󣬻ΪһСѵ೾һС೾УһЩɫɫâ
Ҷһһ
ʯľʯĩС
Ҷ¶ݡ
Ͷ黨ľ˼飬һ
û⼸ͽݵĻ߽ĸ죬ֻҪʱ͵õʯĩ
ϳֹ֮ɫƺ˼֮С
˵ľʯݵĻôպ÷ݳ߽⣬ͷų¹Ϊʯ
ΪжǷȷ
Ҷһʵ顣
һƷľʯľֳõͽ׵ݡȻõͽ׵ݣֳ߽⣬ͷŵɰʯΪһľƷʯ
̣һѭõľʯûӣҲû˿ļ٣Ҳδı䡣棬𵽴ٽá


358 ᵤ
ظ֮
Ҷصľ֮ɫƽ
Ϊ֣תò̫
һƷʯתݣȻתΪһƷʯδҲδ鵤ԪЩʧˡ
Ҳζţǵô磬ôʯݣ鵤Լá
߽ľ֪Ƿã
Ҷؿʼ˼һŽڷҲ֪ʲôʱʹùһٵĽϵɽһöϵĸ߽׹ԪһСྦྷʯڣǻ᲻ʲô仯
ĹЩղ߽һС֡
ҶؾϲǣǱٵķɽöϹԪڻı߽⡣̺ͷųɰʯΪʯĩ
ҶĿһĻ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ȻѾʦˮ׼һЩ߽ϵ鵤ʻǵ͵ĿŲɡߴ߳ϵҩˡ
ڵʿʹ߽ϵ鵤㹻ǿЧµ鵤ԽʿѾûãõͽ鵤˷ѡ
Щϵڱ³߽Ϊ¹ΪʯĻôϵҩģԾõء
Ҷһ뵽˴ϲɫ漴ڶڿ¯ԼΪֵĹ赤ܹضʧ
赤Сλƹַ࣬죬ߣﵽҡʮ¯ǳɹġ
ȻˣĹУǻʧһСֵɢ֮Уһҩ¯սɥʧսǲҩѾΪĽࡣ
ЩеģڣҲ޷⡣
ͨһµ顣
ҶȷԼ߽׹赤ͨһַ鵤ڲҩʴԼߵ߳ҡڷһĳʣʯġ
֮ߵҩʣþ󲿷ֵʿĪʦ֣Ҳ޷ﵽߵˮ׼
ҶزɾҩʴȵߣⱾǼơ
˷鵤Եõһֻ֮⡣
Ǽĵĵͽ׷Ҳ߽⣬ͷųҪͽ׷׳ЩѶȣʱճ־á
ǿྦྷʯûжĶֻСһȦɫһ㡣
ʯԵĿʯӦ޷߽⣬Խʵʱһãͽ׿ʯҲΪ߽׿ʯ
ҶغٺһЦľϲ治С
áһҩʴʱҲԵõʯһҪʯֻҪƷڣҲõʯڻߵĵ죬ֻҪҵҲٵûʯˡǶϵʯƷ׵á
˵ľ𸮡УչĻľ
ûпҩҩڼ̵ʱڳɳľ޷㹻鵤ԪΪչļ仺üޡ
ǻ𸮣ûлŨ׵ػ޷ƳǿԪսͬ׵ʿû𡣶ʱȻҲռ˶ıˡ
СķĿǰֻǶľ˸á
Ҷز¶Ц⡣
ļЧ֮ʶϸ˳
Ƿãպ˽Ҳ١
ΪʿڶҲһԱֻ֮ҪǵԪӤʿΣյĿԽϵ͡ʿ㶷Ҳߡ
ڵʿҲ޷ʲôвͽᵤ֮䣬һ޴ĺ蹵ʵȻͬûпɱԡ
ҪǣǺͬ׵Ľʿ֮䣬ִܷͶ
żƪصƷԪѾӵеҵԪԭϣƳɴнôҲкʿһϳ̵ıǮ
ֻǣԪԭϣʱûͷһʱҲá
ҶڸĵģǱᵤ֮ս
Ȼӵһ׷ǳıǺ⽣ʿм䣬ƶ⼶߽ʿǵ˽ʿ棬Ľʿ˵ֶԵõһЩ
ڵҲûҪæ飬㹻ʱƼķ
Ҫػͻƽƿ뿪СȥѰĲϡһ˻֮µǸ߽׳ϡһᡣȰͷϵ⸱ƳҲʿķˡ
ϣڹϣʹơ
ҶÿСвɱһЩͽ׵ĺޣȡǣȼ⸱ᷨ
Ȼ߽׵ĹǲϣͨѾΪ
ݡ󷨡أ𣬲ܶĸ߽ײϽơ
ǽ𵤼ĹʿſʩųΪԵһԼһֱ׷ŵ˲ţݡ
ɽУʿΪ𵤹ʿɽиǺеĺѰ١ڣҲص߲֪ĵط
ͨߣֻúһЩͽסн׵Ĺǲϣ߽׵Ĺǲ޷Ƴġ
Ҷ˵ⲻǴ⡣
ڻڣʿҲһܹѹΪߵε߽׵Ĺʺϲˡ
Ϊ߽׹ǲϣĵˣҲҶصһջɡ
Ҷ֮ʱԣƮƮȥ𣬻ʮּɵģʱŻϵ֣ⱻմ
ǶΪϲû±˹ȥһ
ҶλʿСϾסûκʿҿĽʿнʿķϢҲ׿˵ء
µʱ䣬һζ
Ҷһʱ
չڵĻʸҲϵȫ˹ҲͻƽƿĹؼʱڡڵı֮ԽԽԵϢƽ⣬ʸҧأƿʹļԳܡ
һգչڣϰͻȻ纮ߣ°ͻȻػ׿ߡ
չҶҲܹ֮ܵ⡣ڵڶ֮ٵʱٵȴ̳չڣιҺͼ÷Ϣڿ񱩵ı
ʸץס˾һ㣬ӵ˵һķϵСһסͣıɲǿӿҶصڡ
Ҷؼ㵱

֮󣬱ڿ񱩵Ϣ𣬲ѪҺȼաȻҶؽʿΪ˾޴ҲʹĲʡܣҲǿгš
ʸڵһεҺʼγɡ
˾֮á
ʹ֮󣬻ʸĽɣӲӵĽ𵤸ĵڣҵı糱ˮȥ
䣡
ʣƹСٽ١


359 ׸
֮׽ɢȥ
ɹС֮ĻʸδָЩҶһԡǳɹᵤɹСٵüԵϲá
Ҷȥͷϸܵĺ飬§ɿһյĵ㣬Сߴʯϡ
Ҷʦܣһֱͺˣ
ʸ׿Ҷؿؿڣͣ촽˵֮;պжʱ䣬Ҷʦ˳µİ
ʿԼԪԼԪԪӤǧԪǻʱһȹˣջΪʯӼ顭
Ҷ֮ǰ飬˵һ顣֮ǰΪӰᵤδ˵¡Ѿᵤ
ҶʦܣʯӼȷʵĺܡ֮;ľϲҲͻȻ磬ҵ˺üꡣ˵ɹʱҿɿĵĲ뿪ɽȥ㡣ˣô֪ԼǣҶء˵ֻҪհȻá
ʸתҡҡͷչһЦ
Ҷһ£Ȼ֪Ҳǿ޶λһ壬պҪеصǡ
㿴ʲô
Ҷһһ޵Ļϵ׷һͻϵ˫һչ࣬ɫ͸ıϣһƬһƬϸСɫƬ
һᣡҶʦܣ㽫Ƴˣ
ʸǰپһ¶ϲ֮ɫ
߽ԭƳɵĻϵǷһᣬ˺ôĹƳʹһ
ʸȡһĻı󣬶һԵѤޱȵĻɫᡣ
һĳɵĴӵʯϣ
һᣬȻٶ͵ᷨȴߡСΧڵգԽзǳŲ
һЩһһϸСƬǿֻϵЧֻǹЩϵ趯򣬱γɵĶϸСĻ棬ЩƬصɢΧʮɷΧ֮ڣЩϸСĻǡ
ΪʿĶ׷Ҳ㲻
ʸһЩ䵭Ȼһ㡣ڻһӳ֮£ȴԵĽޡ
ţǺ⽣Ҳͷų
ʮǺ⽣һ̴
һ𣬱Ǻ⽣ͬʱʹĻ໥ܹ໥ţֻܹıױơһܹͱںһɱ󣬽ͬʱɽȻͬĹֶΣƵѶȴ
ʸһ΢ʩչ֮˼Ƭ̣ϲ
Ǳ˫ԱԵķżǿĿһʱ򣬱룬ҪǶ׷һԪǺ⽣һɱ󣬱ضͬ졣
ҶغЦ˵ͷ
ʸڰзһСΧһͻȻ𽿻۵СӣСóŶͺͺģһûСҶʦܣڱһ鵺סô
Ҷؿʸǰ¶СŮ̬סһŻعٺһЦȻվܱҪʲôҶΪߣ鵺ȥ
ҶŻʸ֣ųϷ۵糸ĵȥ


һǰ׸Բʮ˵ĹϽصأ˵ƿءϵƽ̹ƽԭɽ
һɴǣ׸ǡȻ˳ǱȲöһǡڳǡľ޴ģӰڴ˵ؾӪ֮ãʯ深١
ۼ˴ʿڶ˵ʿڴ˵̵ȵȡ
Ҷغͻʸǣǡ׸ǡ
ڣҪĻǽС
Χеĵ춼СΪʿҪѡΪԼĶȻѡáбеϢ
ҶشһɵΪͱĶá
ʿӰһ֮ڣƺռٵְ׸ǡҶ˷ͻʸڰ׸ȥĳſڴѯŵһ߽ʿСӳ׸ڹĵط
λǰĵطǰ׸ĸɸ˸𡣡Сӳʶ̽Ҷءʸ˵Ϊǽʿ̱ϹϾ
ڰ׸ǣܹԪӤʿ֣Խʿڸ߲ĵλߵΪʲôǳ㡣ڶӴмʿȺ͵ͼڣʿ̫ࡣ
СӳҶָ˷ԥ˵ǰ㹺һ鵺Щ㡣
Ŷô㣿
Ҷֵʵ
ͨɵǲֱ˽зȥǰͨ䣬õ鵺
䣿Щ鵺˵ĸ߲з䣬ǺܲƽЩûзֵʿô죿
ܹƽ׸ÿʮٰ꣬һרŵĶᵺᣬųһʵĵ졣ֻҪ˵ʿʸᣬֻҪʵСλǰڿ˵ʿǵĻλǰʵڴһ鵺ɵ顣
еʿֻͨᵺõһ鵺λʿҪԼĵˣóۼ䰺Щ鵺ʿῼǳǮʿй鵺Ȼ󲿷ֵʿļǮ
ʮһεĶᵺ᣿һʲôʱС
Ҷĸ⣬һʵ
λǰĺɣԼһ֮󣬶ᵺˡЩųĵ춼µģٵʯԲɾ򣬲ɵһʿɾ¾ǰȥѾʹһ죬Щ㡣ٵһ¡
СӳЦŽ͵
Ҷص˵ͷлλСӳһСʯСӳΪллǰСӳˬСʯаˬ
ҶʦܣҲһҲ޷óʱ䣬ȥݷһ൤ŵļλϣλͬʦֵܣǴ඼׸ھסǻϤһ°׸ǡڻ˵أÿԼ롣
ʸҶص֣Ц
šҲþûмλϣλʦֵˣЩ
Ҷص˵ͷͻʸ׸ڡ
Ϊʿ֮ɲ˿и
Ҫһ鵺Ϊճ֮أԽŨ񣬶չԽ
Ҳһ
ÿҲֻһ鵤
Ϊ˹鵤ܺʱ䣬Ҫʱ
һʹö߽鵤Ѿǽʿÿ鵤ļޣӿھ࣬߻ħΪˣٶ
Գ˷鵤֮⣬ʱ䣬ֻʹáɹΧĻŨ̶ȣֱӵĹϵԽŨȻɵԽ졣
ΪϸĴڣΪʯҩĶȱʹ
ǣÿҲֻܷö鵤δؾͱȶЩɺţۺĽʿռиơǾûϸҲһܻǮ򵽸߽鵤
һ鵺ʮֱҪġ


360 ͬ
Ҷغͻʸ˰׸ǣڰ׸ڵһĵضΣһľС¥סΪʿĵλǲȥջ׷ס
ΪμӶᵺᣬ˵ʿ˵ʿûʸҶػȥһ˰׸ˡ
ʿˣǺ谭
ΪΪӴӵ֯˵ܿšֻߵʵʿݣҲɹʲô顣ֻҪߣðģ˶û⡣
ʿһˣҲһǾһ˺忪սκڵʿȴ֮ɱۡ
ҶԽʿˣܿ˵һڽƣҲһ˵ġ󺣡ССǡǣҲУһһˮƹıǣҶѾʮϤ
ᵺỹҪһµʱ䡣
ҶʱҪȴ
ʸڰ׸Ǹסļλ൤Ž棬ֱȥﴫ֪ǣԼһλ൤Ѿɹᵤ֮£ǰ׸һۡҲڴ˵صһЩ൤ŵʿ
λ൤ŵĽѶ֪൤һλʿ޲ϲ֡һλֹ˱չأɵְ׸ǣҶغͻʸסı¸¥ӽɽ𵤵Ĵϲ¡
ֻ֪ʸȴ֪һλᵤ൤˭
ʵϣڶ൤Ѿʵе൤ŵ󲿷ֶѾˣħˡ
λӣиԵĵͶԼСȦǳΪ֮ĳˡ
ڵͽ׵ڵӣҲ˸ֵͼ֯
Щʿɵʽڡ
Ȼⶫɣͬŵȴڣյͬʿɾǰ໥ƺ
ǵ˭гһܷĻҲ൤ŵԾӡ
׸ڱµС¥ʸҶһͬӭȻⵤԬơ밲λ൤Žʿļ١
λǣ
Ȼʸһ಻ʿһͬӭӣȴϲҶصݡ
λ൤ȪĵӣҲҵķһͬᵤ˵ǵʦµĵӣ֪ʦɼǵã
ʸ˵Ҷصݡ
Ҷأʦ壡
ҶصЦȻ΢΢һ֮ΨһһλȪ֮ʿҲһǣλʿˡ
Ҷأ
Ȼ㵣šüͷϸţǷǵӡ
ȷȪ棬ⳣչز񡣿൤ŵĵڶ࣬ҲȥһͨӣȻǵȪҶôһλɫĵӡֻڶɶʱƺôһӡ󣬺ôһλòĵһɺ
Ȼʵ벻һεЦЦ˵ҶʦܼȻѾǽʿҵʦֵƼɣҪٳʦˡҵȽԳ൤һţպڶͬЭ໥ֲǡ
պʦֶշ
ҶЦЦаԳԼλ𵤵УǺӡ󰡡Ժǵӡ󽫻ʮˡ
λʿҶءʸк¥Сۡ
ҶصɫȻЦݴ棬ȴڰҡͷ
ҡͷԭ
ֻΪҶݵ΢ɢ޳ûκα
ɽУɢ޿Լһܹ֮ᵤʿ츳ǺܲҲʮ塣
ǶҶظ츳ʵûʲôֻǶҶصкܴĿ
û㹻ĺ̨ͱվһߣصԼĽչٶȡ
ΪɢʿԼȥ̶ʮĻƻ϶ٵĿδԵЩᡣ
ɽ磬ɲ츳ߣһΪ
ԭϣƷĵʯҪõʵǮơ
ûм峤ꡢǧ괫Ǯƺ츳˵ʿҲͬΪȱ鵤չ᾽粽еĵز
츳ȴʵʿɽ粢ʼǱɼУΪŮǱĳλ⿴УΪŵӣɫ
Լһ֮ɢޣɽͻͽ𵤡ԪӤʿ֮٣ʿ֮;ȴʿ֪˶ٱ
ʸ൤Ŵĵӣ屳ʡò޲һһĳɫǰ;ȫԸͬǴʿȴһλɢ޳ʿΪ£һ˫ޣδ⡭Щϧ
ԺӣҪܿˡΪʯֻҪտ¯鵤ʯεļûлﵽԪӤڣ˵
Ȼⵤȼλ൤Žʿһۣ޻˵
ҶغͻʸڻڣΪʸֹ֣¡ҶʸѾǽʿλǱȼ磬ҲûʸԸҶغͻʸ֮顣
ǻʸڴˣ޿Ȱ衣
λʿҡͷΪʸСӳĽʿ˫ޣеϧ
Ψһֵø˵ǣҶҲ൤ŵӣͬʱλʿǶǸǳõϢ
һͬǰصģڶ൤ŵʿ൤һʮλʿȥʮڶɺ;Сʮģڰ׸ǸסĻʮλ֪Ϣ׷׸ϲ
Щʿʶʸϴ֮Ů桢򱦣ȸҶʶˣҲȻС
˵֪ʸѾɹᵤȻϲǰءЩУʸȻΪŵӣǽᵤǳ顣ֻû֮죬̶ʮᵤ
һ൤ӣҶسڴ˵أѾǽʿȴǾޱȡãȻ֮֮ʧ̬֮
м󲿷ˣҶصӡ󣬻ͣڵҶó桢򱦵ϡ⣬ʵ벻ر顣
ʮλʿ㵹龪㵣ʹ鼵ʣǷ׷ǰҶءʸλʿ񡣼ȻѾǽʿ϶Ҫֳ󱲸еı֡
Ҷ֡ʦ壡
ɫ죬ʮֲԸĳҶΪʦ壬֪жŤ
ǣͬһ൤ţڵΪҶһ㡣һҶصΪ׷ںɭðɱУҶѾʼչ¶Զʵһ·Ƕļʦֵʦܡ
ڶ˳̵ľĲΪԭΪչ٣Щ⡣û뵽ҶѾһԾΪ˽ʿȫڵĲΣٶȣֱĪҲ׷ϡ
ǣ򱦣пȥ¥ȼ
ҶаЦ֪ʲô򱦵ļͷһ൤ŵʿУϤһλͬˡΪ𵤡
ȺУҶصĿ⣬ȴǸӶˡ
Ҷء򱦵һҶڶھȹһΣνءимҶػ
ǵɼӳ˵ĽټϴϵԵʣҶأҲЩƲЩɢޡûһĿܡ
λҪֵҶʦܣǽʿλϴϸ˲֪٣Ǻ൤žŴ沢
΢΢̾һ
ҶԿĺܽλʼűɴȻ΢Ц൤ΪصĴʦʸҶһͬΪʿ˫ޡ
вһᣬ˵ĽǼʣ˸кã


361 ռҩ
ҶصĿżȻƳȺеͷЩ档൤ŵʱϴ֮Ůܿ񡣵ⶫֻһͨʿȫҪԼˡ
λʦ㣬û̫뷨ֻУ΢΢̾һ¡
ͷȴʸһ˫˫ЦЦĿ
λʦֻأǽȥɡ
Ҷ΢죬ЦЦЯű֣¥ڡ
һͬɺ˵ص൤Ž𵤡ʿǵС¥ھ˴գ˾ɢȥ

֮
׸ǡ
ҶֵĽֵţż·ʿڷŵĽ̯ԭӻʼǮֱҵһſڹš񵤸ƵĴ¥ͣ£˽ȥ
񵤸ǰ鵤ĸ¥̣һԺӡ
Ҷزδ鵤ֱͣĴԺӡԺڷŶʮ¯ͽʿæµҩ¯տ¯ԺӣȻһ
ҶزŸ̤ԺӣԺڴһСͷֵ
һСͷСԺ¯֮ѲӣͻȻż˿ҵĻζʱŭ嵽һ¯ĸǰָͭ¯¯ǰһտ¯ķʿŭ
򱦣ֱŵķͰôһ¯鵤ĵտã㲻Գĳɵʿô㵽׻᲻Ҳ֪ĸĵɳСʿС϶һûֱŵķͰ¯չͷһ¯鵤ҪˣСӡ
СԺнʮͽסнʿ̧ͷһۣЩֻȻæŸɻСͷ׵δӰ쵽ͷɻ
ӣƺϰСͷƿڴ
ʦ¯鵤һ䷽鵤ⲻǲŸո֣Ϥҩ𡣵˼¯Ȼջˡ
򱦿ԴԼ⡣
ʲô¯ջ㵱ңԼ֪һ¯鵤ֵöǮ𣿰Ҳֵۡ
Сͷ򱦵ı⣬ŭĴͷһٺȳ⡣
һ¯鵤ûأɣˮƽǳΪʿв鵤ĵ
ҶزլԺڣӿڵ
Ժʿ׷׳ԺſڿȥһʿԺɶһѷľ͸ҪĲϣʮֵңλʿôһڰ򱦡
򱦿ҶˣȴǴϲüɫ衣
λǰ˵񵤸˲롣ʦǴĸˡǽǰƺûʸָѵµʿɣ
СͷҲһ׵ʿȻҵʿȴҲмư֮
񵤸Ψһһλʦλ硣ԺʮͽסнʿʵʵķԸ£ưƢˡ
ҵȻ顣ղ˵ǸʿͬһɳûĻղſ˵Ǵĵɳʿ
Ҷָָ򱦣ȻĿⶢСͷ
С϶ʼЩΪȻҶرĿⶢϣϸоһɾ޴ѹɨԳܣԴʱѹλǽʿǴԺЩͼ۵ʿ
ûǰˣС˵Ǵɣûǰʦţ
С϶
ҶŽѹջأС϶һᣬһҶصĿ˼־η
ʦʦҪ̡¯ԼտŰɣȥȥͻء򱦼ͷ˿ӣҲ¯ӣҡڵĸҶ뿪Ժӡ
Сӡ
Сͷüɵۣȴûٶ˵ʲôһ¯¯𰵻޲æ¯
ֵߵߵĸҶسԺӣ񵤸ǰ¥һеĸڣøڵŮһڵ裬һƷġ
򱦣ϣҵ񵤸ڸһ棬Ϊ˸ڰô
ҶƷ裬Ȼ˵
Ҷ֣ʦԼ᳤̻̫ı磬һֲֺָָǣ⼸ܾҪΪʯ˦ֲˡҪⲻպô棬һ൤ŵ𡣡
򱦺ٺٵ٩ЦҶصƢЩ̫⣬ҲһûûСģû˵ʱ򣬻ǰĳƺ
ˡм飬ȥһЩϡ
ҶҲڴ϶򱦣һܷҪ졣һдҩĵ嵥ó򱦡
ŶСܿ
򱦴嵥һʱоǰһֻ嵥飬ٷҩ֮࣬ͽסнס߽׵ҩС࣬û˵ġ
ôҪôҩҲٶ߽ϵĸ߽ҩģҶ֣Ǵʲôϡ鵤ҪôĲϣУƳɰһˮǸʲôõĶ
򱦿꣬ɳһæʵΪ൤ŵĵӣȻҲ֪嵥Щ߽ҩжôѰҡ
ͱˣһЩϣҵپҶ١ҪЩϣµ÷Ѻܳһʱ䣬ҪѷѴʱȥռǡ񵤸ʿӴҩģƽעһ¸ûЩҩľˡҵģ֪ͨҡ⣬עй¶¡
Ҷص˵
УСϡ
صĵͷСĵҩĵ嵥봢УȻЩƼûһԺȺʿɫˡҲк̨ˣ˭ƲҡҶɰһæ
ҶҡͷԣǺٻɡͷԼ̧Ҳ⣬ֻ˳ְСæѡ
Ƕ񵤸ĸƷ衣һʿİſڣģλĻСͷ
񵤸ĸ֡λѣˣʿſڣҶغ򱦣Ҷһ֡
к£
ҶػһɫĮ
λѣ˵ų֪µжߵˮƽȱ߽׵ʦǸԸؽƸ
ʿĿЩеڴ
һɳʿжߵˮƽ
ͷΪȻֹ
ʿ̺˻ͷһۣʾ졣Ƹ뵽Ҷأڶһλʦһλʿһõ飬ҡ
ң
Ҷؿ˿ʿͻͷЦЦҡҡͷӦÿʦˮ׼ɡܱǸҲȱǮҲΪʿ
ǻͷȻ
Ҷ뿪񵤸
˴򱦣ǴһɽмΪϡ鵤Ǳʵ
鵤䷽൤űУͼ¼һݡֻǣ൤ڣδλǰƳ
֮Ҫ߽ҩӴζҩѵá
ɽУţǱʵڡ
ò
ԪӤʿ֪ǱʵҲΪ֮
ϾһǱʣ𵽵ЧҲĲ˼顣
ҪЩеҩʱƳ˵ѶȸǼ
Ϊ˾ܣ򱦱й¶嵥Ϊ˷ֹһй¶ȥ嵥˴ҩϣԻߣʿ²嵥ͼ
ȡڱԪӤ֮ǰƴ˵еҩһξͻƿ֮ʱʹࡣ


362 ᵺ
Ҷǰȥ񵤸ռҩĵʱҶغͻʸסС¥ڼҲһλˮƹŮӣںͻʸ̸顣
ʦãʦҪϲᵤɹˡڿˮƹСĽʿᵤҲָ֪㷢Żʦ֮ʦλʦжྪȡ
ˮƹȹεŮӣЦȻ
Ӣʦ˵ЦˣҼˮƹʮ꣬û´繦ֻʦ˲ٵ鷳һǰǼ顭񹬺ͽ׹ûˮƹ鷳ɣ
ʸǿЦɫȴǵǡ
ʦãˮƹǺǵġĺ¶˴һȺȥƻĵ춴ѾǷ˵Ĵɣˮƹδ׷ǵΣǵ鷳˵񹬺ͽ׹ڹҧλԪӤһ鷳ûнǴ˿ˮƹԿĿδˮƹ
ŮӰοʦ㣬Ƿڳȥ
ʸ룬ЩΪѵҡͷڴ㱱ס£ʱڳˮƹˡպʱ䣬ٻȥȥ̽ʦ
Ҳգ׹֮ǱһƬĿǰȥҲãڱҲƽһЩȹʮ꣬µȥ˵ɡһʦ˵
лʦ㡣
ˣʦüȻѾ˫ޡ伮Ѿãˮƹÿһλʦöõɵ䣬ʦ͸㣬õţ⣬СڣڽǵһЩ⣬°ɡʦȻȥʦˡ
ŮӴӴȡһӲӵСӣһᱡɵ伮һԶ˻ʸգգ۾ЦݣɵһҪϸŶ
Ӣʦ㣬ллʦλã
ʸЦЩƷŮ뿪
Ӣʦ뿪֮
ص¥Сӡ
СĿüֵƵƷƳɵֻΡƷһЩ֮ЩϿɲ׵֬ˮۿȣɢµȻмѵ֮Ч
ʸɻĴǲۺɫɵ䡣
Щֽ֣ʼصɵ䡣
һصɹһһͼʱ췢̣ĿͨͨæɵϡǺ֮ɵȴƺһħ֮һ㣬̲סٷһ۵ͷ󵨵ͷӵĸе
Ҷش񵤸صС¥ǻʸոշɵʱ
ʸɴ֮£ϣżƳǲƮƺϼ쵽ִٲ
һͷˮԡ

һµʱ䣬֪УŶȥ
׸ǵĶᵺᣬھС
ᵺᣬʮһΡ
ÿδᣬΪڶĹۿߡ׸һµʱ䣬ѸٵΧڣʿ̣ӱĸ죬׷׸ϵ׸ǹս
ǵֻмʿлõԼĵ졣
ʿǲܵõġ֪Լûж鵺ĿܣҲո֣ʿʵŴڼ䣬ڰ׸ҲСһʡ
μӶᵺĽʿ̫࣬Լжҡ
Ҽһɫǽ𵤳һʿ
Щʿǽʮڳɹͻ˽ƿΪʿһ鵺ʿЩΪߵĽʿ˸Եĵ춴ȻٲμĶᵺᡣκʿһڶᵺϵõһ鵺ٴβμӶᵺᣬֻͨȵİ취ȥá
̶̵ʮʱ䣬øոմﵽΪʿǣͻƵڵڶϡԲμӴĽʿǣΪϼһС
ֻмʿΪԭǰһʮʧδõԼ鵺ȻӵڣμһĶᵺᡣ
˰׸һͷųʺʿĵ죬һĵ﷽ԲСĵ﷽Բӵ鵺
ЩСǷʺʿסȵȣ˵ļλԪӤʿһȷ鵺ۺϼֵȻֱǴӸߵͱš
һ鵺췽ԲһʮͽһСش
ŵ죺췽ԲʮͻһСش
ŵ죺췽Բ

ٺŵ죺췽Բʮ΢һش
ļֵСЩŴϣһĿȻ
ᵺͬΪ򵥡
ʿԼɵĴȥѡԼеĵ졣
ʮʿĳ鵺ôʮʿ໥һʤ߽鵺ȻˣЩʿԸ⶷ĻЭõİ취鵺Ĺλʵ൱ĽʿΪ˱˺һλһЩôΪöԷ˳Щ취Ҳġ
óЩ죬Ϊ˼ڵĽʿܽʿ֮䣬Ϊ鵺ɱ
ĳλʿһ鵺ûб˸Ļô˽ʿԶ鵺
ΪȽʿһϣÿһλʿܹõһ죬ǽʿ;
Щᵺ߽ʿǣȻֻȥʿʣЩֵĵˡΪ߽ʿΪڶ࣬ʮʿƴһ鵺ʿ֮ĶᵺԶԶȽʿ֮ΪĲпᡣ
Щ򵥵Ĺ֮⡣
˰׸ǵĶᵺᣬĹ
һ˫ްµŮʿ˫ްµĻҶûڶᵺ鵺Ļһͬȥȡͬһ鵺޶˴˺Ҳֻôһ鵺ɥʧȥڶ鵺Ļᡣ
Ҷغͻʸİ׸ǣᵺַǷĴ᳡Ĺ֮ϵı鲻֪ж죬̲סҪЦ
ͱ϶ֿܷ鵺
޶һͬʵֹǷȻܹõ鵺
Ϊ޶ʿֻӵһ鵺ĳ̶ֳϣҲǶ˫ްµһֲ
Ҷغͻʸ˵İ׸һķ֤˶˵˫ްµݣȻһͬμӶᵺᡣһλԪӤʿԼð˫ްµδ
ҶغͻʸͬʱԽһʿ˫ްݣһͬڶᵺıϵʱ
ڲμӶᵺĽʿǣɫ䡣
˫ްµˣʮ֮ͬʱΪʿμͬһᵺᣬڱʿм䣬ǼΪټ顣
ʮ꣬ܹ³˶ʿЩʿɢı໥֮䲢ʶô׷ʮͬʱᵤɵ顣
ȻᵺᣬСһͬ򡣵飬ÿʮᵺᣬſܼΪżȻôһ
ЩĿⶢšһ鵺ʮ鵺ĽʿǣһˣҶغͻʸĿ⣬ҧгݡ
ԼʵˣΪԼԪǿ˿ɱȣʱǶһɼȲͷδҲ̫ù˰ɣƫƫײôһ
һ𵤳һʿȻʵǿҲȲ˼ҷλ𵤳һʿһ䰡
ǰʮŵ鵺϶ҪԷ޸Ӳռȥһ
ҪǸպԼеĵ죬ǿˡ


363 Ϲɹʿ
׸ڣʮɾʯ̳ɵĿ㳡ϣִ˴ζᵺ֮һмλԪӤʿΪᵺУѾ½ڸʵ̨Ͼ
μӶᵺĶʿǧʿ㳡ΧȴᵺῪʼ
㳡Χڣ˿ֵʿдʿɵոߴսҫŸɫâ㳡ַǷ
ЩΧ۵ʿȺμӴĽʿָָ㣬ϳһЩʿݣһ󾪺ɧ
ǱߵλŮӣƺϽܹ
ԱλŮӣӦǹ﹬ι
ǶԱߵλŽµĴӣǾ۱ʿǼһǮͷѥӣ¶ǷԼǿĽ˿Ƴ£һ׸߽׷һ˵ʮƷʯ
ֻǣкüϹɹĽʿЩϹɹֳ˲ٽʿˣ
ڲμӴĽʿм䣬Щʿһˡ
һɫѵŮӺһĻŮӣһŽ±˲֪ǮķͷĴӣվһ𣬷Ŀ
ǽµӣƺڽʿʺŪһöϵ飬һŴкζᵺᣬұضܶǰ壬ҵ뿴˭ܸҽɽ鵺
ôã㿴õڼ鵺
ŮԵһЦλĻŮЦʡŮݣһЦʱԶۿʿߵԡ
Ůӣ᳡ڶĽʿɨ˹ȥԵһζᵺᣬ˸ɹĽʿ٣ǿƣǰֻ¿¼ѡԽʵܵǰʮ鵺ɡ
ã㿴˵ڼ鵺
ŮҲٹǽӡ
ǰʮ鵺Ľʿ̫ˡҵսǿѡʮһʮ֮鵺ɣаһЩܽ㣬أҪһ鵺
Ů롣
ҿˮ鵺ֻͦЩ࣬ѾʮʿԼƺŹˮ鵺ˡҪôĺľ鵺
ŮӵЦƺš
ǣܽĴнȻǽʿмܸСÿ鵺ֻ·ǽĪ
ΧٽʿȥƺЩɵЩϹɹʿЩϹɹмԶԶɹܱͨȡ
Ͻ﹬۱λʿ˲Զ
ҶغͻʸҲѡ鵺
Ż鵺ͻСߺű鵺һͱС鵺ʺŻ鵺Ѿнʮʿˡߺű鵺ϵĽʿټֻʿᣬô˵Ҫٺܶࡣ㿴鵺е
ҶصĿʼڶŻ鵺ߺű鵺֮ǻ
Ż鵺̫̫࣬ţмֳɡ
ᵺϹԸѡһߺű鵺ȻҲΪ˱ȥѡʮµĵ졣ʮµ鵺һΣ棬ûпǵļֵ
ⲻ̫ŵߺű鵺Ǹѡ
ѡŻ鵺Ҷʦûбߺű鵺òֻжŻ鵺ͬʱʺˡٴҲҪ¡
ʸȣΪ൤Ŵʦ㡢ˮƹӵȻҪ鵺ȻҪȡõ鵺ûҪίԼ
ðɣǾͶŻ鵺
Ҷһ£˵žͶţҲ̫⡣
ִһλԪӤʿᵺἴʼҪڽʿһʱڶƺţΪڳĶʿڰʱ֮ڣ׷½ԼƺŹȥ
ҶͿȼ֮ʱеһŶֵĽƣŻ鵺λϡ
нʿƺŹ֮󣬶ᵺһῪʼ
ȶᵺģǽʿ
ʣ֮󣬲Ҫĵ죬ֵǧʿȥᡣ
ᵺĹ̷ǳܺʱʮ֮á
Զ鵺Ľʿ֮⡣ʣµĽʿҪʿͬһ졣
ǰʮŵ鵺Ϊҡ
⼸鵺ǵĴСǵҪȺŵĵҪ߳һΡ
Ҫ֪ɶڵŨ̶ȣֱӹϵʿĽչȻÿõ࣬ʮǱĬۻͻᱻ֪
ӵһϵ鵺ĽʿȻӵһͨ鵤Ľʿиİճ嵽ԪӤڡ
ĸʿԸԼһڵĿʼ׶Σͱʿ룿
ûκһλʿԸ⣡
ʿԼԪľ֮ǰȴΪôһЩΪ޷ԪӤƿֻҪں޵Ľûõ鵺
ֻҪԸмʵĽʿѺȻİĿǰʮ鵺ϡֻҪһƵĻᣬǶ߾ȫȥȡ
ǰʮ鵺ÿһ죬ʮϵĽʿԼĽƣᡣ
ǰŵ죬ֱǽ𡢻ˮľеĴšΪ⼸ձ飬ӵ⼸Ľʿࡣ
ҶؽдͻʸֵƺţڶŻ鵺ϡ
ʱٵĽʿĿⶼҶء
ҶŻ鵺ʱʮʿɫɲǼ䷢ڡϣð۾Ҷأ˲ӱķ졣
ʮʿɫԭֻһΪҲͬԼƺţ˶Żϡ
ҶѡŻ鵺ǵʤܲʧŭ
ʮʿùͬʱĽʿȴڴңһҿǰ鵺ûͬǽ𵤳׵˫ް£ˡ
ҶصȻ֪ڶܵˣ鵺ϵպͱչõĵɴĿ˿ΧЩļɱ˵Ŀ⡣

ϰ֣ǷϰǴ̨
ǰְ
㳡̨ϣ쳣֡
Ż鵺Ķ̨ϵıԣڶĽʿʿĿ⡣
̨ϣվʵǿһԽʿޡ
Ȿһû̫ĶƫƫȴΧʿǵļ˷ܡ뿴λʿǿͨǿ󵽽λʿܡ
ʸѾʮǺ⽣ͷųЩԪѤĻΪ˶öŻ鵺ʱ׼ų޴ı
ҶأȻͬվڶ̨ϣȴֻһַͽ׷ɽ⻤ǰΪ֣Ѿ˺üһĶˡΪй¶Լĵʵɴûֻ֣Եͽ׷䵱
˿̣վǶǰģһλߣòӦóһٶʮ꣬һĶˮ׼Ҫ𵤶ˡ
ֿһɫԪɽδóȻ֣˿ƼʢڱصõĻʸֿ˿һɵĲ˵Ҷأɫࡣ


364 ΧŹ
ôҲûϵԼôù
òڰٳ֮ǰҲԼʮǰ˽𵤡ֻûüμһĶᵺᣬԲӵڣμһĶᵺᡣ
Ϊȱʿ˽ʮѾﵽ𵤶ʵμӴʿӦøǿһ㣬нϴİǰʮ鵺졣
ûȴ˫޽𵤵¡
Ե£ѾһѺüһʿ̨ˡԣֵһֱֻŮӣӻЦԹۣûг֣ʵҲû¶
ֻŮӵĻȫһƴһµͷǶλʵżֹЦӡԽԽѶԸ
һԶҲ̫ˡ
ԥ
ΪⳡٲõһλԪӤʿ̨Ϻͻʸ˰ʱ䣬ԥԥЩͣûаվɣʱ
ܲߡΪμӶᵺᶼ˵ʿԲڴƴ˫ʵ̫ٲÿֱȰһȨ䡣
¸ʰ·磡
߱ԪӤʿ𱸣ٸ߲ѣ̾һԾҲûаգڻñȥŻ鵺ɡȥһ鵺ͽԼʵӰһ
̨Χڽʿʿǣſ֣ȴ䣬ɾһƬϧںֳУ˷˶̨
ȨҶϷʤ
λԪӤʿɫĮþ
ҶصһЦѾϵʿصĴߵģ⡣
ΪⳡûκģҲϢֱӭһλʿսһλսߣǾ۱λŽµĴʿҲŻ鵺
Ҷ΢΢üͷ
ԡ۱ֿкӡ󣬲֪˵ľ۱˴Ϲɢ֮һľ۱ʲôϵ
ԵԹõһ۱«۱ҲаԨԴ

׸Ǵ㳡ϡ
һλ󺺣һӺһׯŮӣ˿̨ϵЩϤʿӰɵķ㶡
ǲǱˣҶй֮ԵΤԪϡͮʿ
˶߽ʿҲ˵زμӰ׸ǶᵺġֻûڲμʿĶᵺᣬȴЩϤӰ
λҶϵܺôʿ˺ðΣЩָŸ߸ߵĶ̨ϵҶغͻʸô̶һ࣬ͶͻƳ˽ʿˣ
Ҳ֪Ҷ˵һױϵԪѾ˺üλʿҪǿʶͬʱٿʮ
ͮ۾з־֮ɫЩŻʸʵ
̨ϵҶغͻʸĿͣãи߽ȷ̾
ΤԪ֣ϵܣ㰦̾ʲô
û
һ£ȣָ̨ϵҶأƣҶӵҪʵûʵһᵺᣬÿ˳ҪòҲûòҪǮҲжǮƣ߽׷ò֡ɾˣȢһޣ̶һ㶸Ȼһ˽ʿӴԺɴͨΪ棬Ż磬Ҳ㲻֮޿ȴͣ˲Ϊ𵤴Ҳ֪жԶԶӵʲôΪβһأ
ϵܣ˸ǿ󰡣Ҷ֡ҶǰĸԵãǿֱͨ𵤴ǳܼ
ΤԪȰȰԡ

֣鷳ˡǶԷޣˮƹջʸŮӣһױϵԪһԪɱȣԼǿʶܲٿءʹнҲδ߲ʤ㡣
ҶûʲôսлŮӶֻҪŮӵһսʤĿԣСĿ
Ůӽ˻ʸԣȻûпҶȫ֣ȴҡͷܲýӡϾҶǽʿʵٲãҲȥ
ڳˮƹˣ
Ŀɨʸϵˮƹʶͫ΢΢һ¡ˮƹĽʿЩöԸ
ȻĿҶͣ˺һϵһ˵Ļ±ʶ֮⣬ûκ֤ݵĶҶصķҲǼĲĵͽ׷̯ɫκҲ˵ҶӶǸɢޣûк̨
ӵɫʱЩм
һˮƹĽʿһɢޣʲôþġûһķȻǽʿҲûжսߣʦãҿôƳ̨ȥ
װڶнס߽׷͸׷Եá
ǻ߽ԶȨ̨֮󣬽̨
̨Χսڽʿʿٶе鳳ӣΪϹɹ۱ĽʿʵȻһʿɱȡ֪ܸܲǶԽ𵤵Ӳƴһ
ӷ鵺Ĵ̨˵һö׻ϵֱ׳ȥ
Ŷ׻ϵ飬ڰеһתӿһƬɷΧ𣬳̨Ļʸȫϯ
Ҳûָһö׷飬ܹƻʸıֻö׻ϵ飬ʸסһ¡óûҶظϳ̨
ֻҪʿϳɷԲ̨Χˣٲ붷
Ҷʿϳȥ֮ٻͷٺͻʸһǷ޶˵֣ûκκ֮ǣһһ鵺ʤ
ȻһеǰᣬܹûϵѻʸסֻҪôĹͺá㹻ţ⼸֮䣬һٽҶϳ̨
׳ϵȥʸſڣһССĽԪһԪԪתǴСɽһ㣬ʮ֮ѹ֮ƣ͵سҶѹ˹ȥ
Լļƻа֡
ҶǼͽ׷ԵֵסԪһ군ҪҶز˱ܣ뿪̨Ļ϶ҪԪѹ⽴
Ҷؼûǰļʿһͼȥܻʸȳ˹Цٲ²ӵ˼
ǣӣѵΪܺô
̨ϣһХһ糤𽣴ҶؿмΪһʮɣɫ޽
ҶңңһָͷӵľɽĽԪԪһ˹ȥ

ɽĽԪ𽣸Ӳס޷ѹ°̧֣
ϡ𽣣Ͻ򹬷ôСУ
ʧ
𾪡
̨ϣʸһʮǺ⽣ѾܼĴǻϣգۼ䡰žٴײǶ׻ϵĻһƬ
ʮǺ⽣γһǵӿӵı


365 ׸
𾪣ǿ˶ߡ
Ϊ۱ϵӵϽϽķʮϤϸƣҶٿص𽣣Ͻ֮𽣣ϸ΢಻ͬ
Եһ㣬ҶصԪϣһֻѻͼơ棬ûһֻֻѻ
Ͻλ𵤸߽ʿ𽣣ȴյȸ߽ݡ
Ĳͬƽɫԭϵݳɫ϶Ҳв죬Ҳûʱȥ
Ӳ֪Ҷ𽣣ִ֮乥Ҷز£ʱпࡣ
ҲûȥöʸĶ׻ϵ顣
ԭȵıѾȫǿԪԪںҶصӲĳȥֵıǺ
Ǻ
ӲԥĹĵĴٵͳһСʮŸ߽׷һһΪ˦˳ȥ
һСʮŷǸ߽׷
еŹԸ߽׷Ϊһպ໡УʮɷΧҶؿը˹ȥŷԵķͷųƬıǽǽıǺȥϣ赲ʸƬ̡
ʮŸ߽׷ǲھõġѾƵ·ˡҪץʱ䣬סʸͬʱҶظ̨ȥ
̨Χ۵ʿ˻ӻ߽׷һʹһСĸ߽׷һŽǧƷʯȻӳȥ
Ҷɫ䣬˿û˱ܵ˼һֲٿ𽣿СɽĽԪһֲٿؼͽ׷ɽȥЩͽ׷ɽըľ𶯣һϸ΢Ѻۡ
ֱͽ׷ַɿӴڣַųһн׵İ׶ֵܷӴĸ߽׷
ƴɲǽӲУĴҲ٣һٻһˡ
ʸʮǺ⽣ڶ̶̵СƬ̹֮䣬Ѿ߽׷ʩγɵʵޱȵķǽٶȳ˹
ǹҶʼֻڷѡ
ӵһС꣬ûȡκսɫ̣ˣһ֮ǰǹ¶һһģƭϵ
ңæһĴɳһ߽׷ıǺȥ

գ۹߽׷ֱѡ
̨ٲõʿʱͻȻһ֣һӲӵĴӡһǺ⽣ͽӸķ˿ʦֶѾˣȥɡ
ӳԪӤʿʦ棬ôأҴڻһѵķͷûãһû䡣ٸСʱҿԴǣ
ʿĮЦǶ˵ʵһɱ㣬˲֪ٻˡҽڴˣҲС˷ķˣͬʱٿԪҷ㹻֧źͬ׽ʿûκʤ㡣ǮٶҲշȥɡ
Բ̨ϲԸߣȴʿһƸĳ̨
Ҷ漴𽣣а졣
λԪӤʿƺʶȻҲ棬ֱˡᵺᣬһҪʤܣٲõԪӤʿ˫ʵԲ࣬Ҳֱʤ
㹫˽飬Ҷ⡣

̨£ϽŮӺͻŮӣ˿̶¶֮ɫ
ܽ㣬ǲϽֻ֮ϽĽʿаôд˽ŮӵæŮʵ
ȷ𽣡
Ů𾪣Ρ˵ͷָܿ˵Ȼɫ˵δظϽʲôϵ

Ҷغͻʸֻ˾۱Ľʿ֮Ը϶Ż鵺̨սĽʿ֮١ǵУ˱Ƚӵʵǿһ֣ҲʵûаգܹҶءʸλʿӲǰ漸λĽʿѾ֤һ㡣
ʮƹڶŻ鵺ĽʿĬɥʿ䡣ǵĿ⣬һλʿȥ˵м仹սĻֻλʿʵɡ
ȻûϣǾɣ
ʿĻʿһۣŵͻأ
ſڷųҵĻϵԪԦ̨ͬʱһ޴˳ȥųһͷ߽׽ڵӥͷ޴Ļӥڿշ𣬷һ˫һչʮɣڣͫϬɨ̨Ҷء
׸Ľʿ
㳡ϣһƬ
׸֮һɹ
ӣȻǰ׸ӡŸոսһʿӵһͷݡһˣܹӲҶϷ򸾶ˡ
μӴ˴ζôĶʿм䣬нһɹʿǿƵһλʿֻҪλ׸ʿԴϵԪһͷݣ³һ𵤳׵ʿҺӲƴ
һʿһͷݣҶغͻʸ
̨ΧƵʿһƬȻĳ֮Ȼ൱ĿһսսֻⳡᵺᣬΪҵһ
׸ά磬λɣҿĳˣǷλٳĶ֡ʿȻһЦٿϵԪҶض˵
Ҷһӥ΢΢üͻʸһۡ
ȻŲæһ޴̨һס
ͨһͷѩ׵ĸҡͷβ̨ϡ
ͷһ֣ɢǿʱеĽӥ;ŭһ͵ĻΪһٻӰ̨ϵĽ˹ȥ
һҡͷſ͵سӥ˹ȥͷޣ͵̨˴һ
ҶЦͻʸĬͬʱͷų𽣡Ǻ⽣㵵ʿ˹ȥʿޱŵϣѾΪͻȻֳ֣š
㹤ʿ̨ӥڰղȥƤëң˺ðźë⻪ɴʧҲвٵץۣǺΪ⣬ԶûӥǱӥϳ̨ҡͷβ
ڵĹ㳡ϣɲǼ䣬ѻȸ
һֲ˼Ŀ⣬ס̨Ҷغͻʸ
һʿȥս

Ԫ
ϵ̨ϣĿͣҡŸ߽ȷҲȫͣסɫ֪һʲô顣
ΤԪͮϲ£߽͡׽޳߽׽ȴǼΪѾѰ٣˵ڵˡ
ҶϷ򸾣Уǿ˲֪ٱ

㳡̨ϣһսĵԪӤʿսͻ䣬¶һ˿ɫʿ̨ٲõʿ
󱲣е˼ҪˡϵܣСӵԪ񷨽ϽķɡôûϽıʶϽĵ𣿡
дУɺ˵ؽɹҲʿϽķӦǴĴѧġ
ŶԭˡСǡĹɵ䣬ܿϹɵɽ𵤣ҲѵˡԱŮˮƹ˵ĵӰɣ
Ůˮƹӣ츳Ϊͽǰħ񹬺˽׹ַ˵ŮЩ񹬺ͽ׹Щ˲ٵͽ׵ӡ¡
£ڲ档ħ˵ѹµɹȹЩ꣬񹬵λϵܻˣȻͣˡǣȻǰˡζᵺᣬʵûʲôͷһذ׸ʣµ㴦ɡҪΪСӣһɢܵزҲѵá
ǣ


366 ֮
׸ǵĶᵺһ£Ļ׸Ҳ˽һ¡ڶǰ˳ʿһʡ
ⳡᣬҲڶʿۣģǶǰʮ鵺Ľʿܹǰʮ鵺ģͨʿ
Ҷغͻʸʿʵ̫ǿֶᵺкʵռ˶Ż鵺֮⡣
Ͻһִнռˮ鵺
а׸λʿҲںĺڶ鵺Уٴγ˾ź鵺ǰʮļ鵺Ҳʵɹʿռݡ
ھ۱ĽӣŴڸɫи߷ڶ࣬ϧǮңӲĵʮ鵺
Ҷغͻʸ˶Ż鵺ϲ֮£ûмַӵİ׸Ǽͣڰ׸Ǵȡ鵺صͼϣʽΪ복ֱ鵺
복׸ǴԼһڽʿ˵ҲʹԼշеľ룬Ǻܽˡ복ӷԲСŨ׸ǵλõȸ˵֮ѡ
鵺̱˵
˵ԲһǳŨ壬Լη塣˵Ũ̶ȣ֮൤ŵ壬Ҳ˿
ȻǵһͻϵڵصףԵΪ󡣵ϸ滨ݣвһ׵ĵͽڵ
һСٲ֮£һȪðɹɵȪڵ뵰ڸɽ֮䣬ɾһ㡣
ʸһ۾ϲ鵺졣
˷ںǰһƬ滨ݵϡ
Ȫһԣ
ҶȪʸ뵽ںԡЦ
⣬ȥٶ
ʸ΢죬ɳһۣӢʦ͸˫ɷ۵Ķ̺Цһɿ뿪
Ҷɽڿɽʯٳһ͵ɶ
ʸɽŨ֮أ˲ҩԣһЩҩĵӣҩ൤űϰߣ˵طǳʺֲҩģȻ˷˵ط
С£ҶغͻʸæŲõͶ
Ҷȥ˼˰׸ǣķѾʹĴ͡͡С󷨣鵺嶴еҩԣֱڴСС󷨵Ļ֮С
˵ͱþס֮أȻ̫򵥣򱻱ʿһãҲ̫ûˡ
·ʱ̫ɴ˰׸ǵһλ󷨴ʦ𵺵Ķһ΢͵ĵ˴ͬʱڰ׸ڣǮһСԺ΢ʹһ˵λãСԺڡ
һֱڰ׸Ǻͻ복֮䣬Ĵ͡
ж̾΢Ǵ󣬴ͿռȶõѶȲ̫
ȻÿδͣҪĵٿƷʯһرһǧʯе㰺󡣲Ҷ˵ܽʡ·ʱ䣬ȫֵá
ңҲǾҪ⴫
ƽʱʱֻҪѶڵǴһƿԷֹʿӰ׸Ǵ͵복
Ҫõʱ򣬰ǴϱС
ڱҪʱһ鵺ȺĵΧ⴫һ׸ǵ;ڰ׸ǣ˵ĴӪ֮һû˭ڴ˵ط

ٶúû복󷨷֮
Ҷغͻʸʼڵڶ
ᵺᣬʵĽʿʮλ֮ࡣЩʿɹΪܡǱǶˡ
ĽʿûɹҲС
ҪҶغͻʸ˺һ鵺Ҫô˵Ѷȣ϶ѡ
ҶصĽȸС
ʵԶûеʿĵز
һҲ飬ȫԪΪ
ǿս
ҶؽԼѧķһ£Ϲż˳
һֱϹżеġħӰ󷨡
֮ǰΪʿֻħӰһһģһĻӰӰûսһֻյС
֮ѾܹϹżиǿһεġ󷨡
󷨣ǿķֱӻûһ
Ѿʵ壬ӵһս÷й۷壬Դﵽ֮һսǸСĸս
Ҷڱչڣ˽һµʱ䣬ŽԼһ߳˵Ϣһģһﵽѱĵزţͷһȥ˵ʿΪ˫ʿ
Ҷ֮£ʸûʸϣֱܷܲǸǼ١
ǣû뵽ǣʸֻƳһۣ붼û룬һָ˳
һʮΣҶôʸûκʧ
ҶƣѾѷٿصΩΩФɫһһʱûףصչңĥ
汿ѪӡĻӡʲôסң
ʸ֡

ʸ뿪չңԭҶǰŵŵЦݣȴɫЩǳ
ڶɺ֮ǰ൤ŴŵĻʸĴʯѾʱ䣬ڹ߽鵤ȥ˺ܴһ֣ʣµʯࡣ
֮ǰˮƹһЩ鵤ʯӦҲȥ鵤顣ǣѾԶˮƹȻٵõ鵤
ˮƹ
ǹԼǮ

Ϊ൤Żʸ֮ŮӵдԴ֮ϣ֮ҪԼȥ鵤
Ϊ൤ŵһ֮ŮΪչһǧȴάͨʿˮƽ˸е
͵ˮ׼ѾǷǳסҪǮϼѣܵ顣ûԸ鲻
İ취ʯ
磬ȥɱޣȡϵԭϣһǮ
Ϊʿɱ塢׵ޣΪס
ǣҪĸ߽鵤Ϊ󣬾ɱҲá
̫ʱ䣬ںĴƯѰ䵥޵ټǳûг·ġһ·ôԪӤڣؽ
󲿷ʳɢޣ츳ѣҲΪɢЩϣɵԵߵĸԶ
ǰܿʸ塢൤ţˮƹʦţȻǱޣȥ鵤õ⡣
ڣңԶޱȡ
Ҳ⵺죬Ҷؿٶ
Ĳ࣬ˮƹֻ鵺ϣҶһ𰲾
ҶѾûκֻܿҶʦԼˡ
ʸڱչ⣬ɣ˺һӦúҶһ£պνʯĴ£˱չңҶԡ
ҶʦܣڵֵһЩϵҩģùʮꡢϰ꣬ϺüǮʱòϡǲȥ׸򼸸ʿڵϿɻȻЩʯǿȥҩģһԼãһ߻պǵˣԿʯأ
Ŀ⣬Ҷء
ɵϵʯ
Ҷڴ󷨣ʸͻȻ˵Ҫɵʯһʱûлع
Ͼףʸʲôʯ顣ȻȻĿŻʸ


367 Ƴ
԰
ʸƥĽݣü΢΢峺зֳɣĵ˵ͷҶ˵ϸˣǻ복һͻСֻܶеСӦܿɳԼһҵƷʯ
鵤ÿһٿƷʯȡҩĵĻ㹻ʮҡ
⣬ǻڻ복Χǧﺣ򣬾ͽһЩ䵥ĺޣԭϣ롣ڵ츽ÿ컨һʱ㣬Ҳ̫ʱ䡣ƽÿҲһٶƷʯ
ʯȥ߽׵ҩģһƸ߽鵤ܵõ鵤ʡŵãʮΪʿ١
ʮ֮СĿʯľڻ복µĴҩģҲ½죬ЩͽҩĻõʯԴС
⣬ʮ֮Ƕ˵ҲﵽˮƽҲʦǿǮҲٵʯˡһʮ֮Ҳٵʯá
ʸЦǰİ˶üĿЦϸᣬ˵Լ⣬ΪҶؽžϸĴ㡣ÿһϸȻǺ档
Ҷû˵ֻǾţűѩһƽĻʸһů⣬Ŀг顣
вɰ
Ϊȥܳһʱ䣬ͱǷֿɽıϸֳҩ鵤żٶȡ൤źˮƹмʦŵĲ֧֣ͬ졣
鵺ϣٶ˫ޣҲһֱûἰ鵤顣
֮У˱鵤ԴûмʱĿǵȱʯ鵤⡣
ɵϵпܻӰ쵺ڵŨǲСԴ⵺ϵɢˣպʮֲ
ҶŻʸ裬һ˵
ʸʱ¶ǳ֪ǣ˺þãʱҲֻ뵽취еͨҪõʯ϶Ҫðһա
ʵҲõİ취
ɽУһӴɼ壬ͨȫĵײʿƴǮȻ츳ߵʿȫ
ΪߵļʿֻҪȫʵҸ𱣻档
ʸ壬ǰַʽ
ǻʸ֮ҲǼ徫Ķ֪취ܼǮİ취
ǣַʽڶʿ˵ȫвͨġ
ߣǹΪ߱Сûдľ޶֧ŵĻô˶ΣһǮգǮܱҪ
ģȥ
ҶسĬһ
ǰûײʿΪһʯľЩײʿΪʯȥᡣ
뵽ʯѾܿɹˡ
ֻǣ©һ㣬ǾӵеʵֻһСʵҲԽյ⡣
֪ڵˮƽжߣ
ҶصЦЦ
֪ҶʦܣӦʿɣɱ˵ҶŶ
ʸգһ۾Ц
ĴҶص֮ԴһʼûʡɽʵܲпᣬɢͨûʲôǮƣûǮƾ޷ҩҩĶûУϸǺȻ飬ʡ
ҲżЩɻ
ҶΪɢ޳Ϊʲôô죬൤ž󲿷ֵʿʿ죬λ൤츳еʿ˿
ҶصһЦɲ´ˡҵﵽʦˮ׼ǰѾͻʦ
ʦ
ʸ˼˫
൤ţʦʮλʦȴҲֻһλѡʿ츳˵ĸߣ൤ڼΪλ涼ӣӲش˵󡣴ܵıΪϸһλԵﶼӰ档൤ڣ漶µʿû֪ʿסʲôطΣգ̤൤ɽŰ벽
λʸ֮ŮҲ֪λʦʵ֪һλʦǶôĲס
δһֱһҶʦܣ˿Ȼܴﵽֲľ磬Ѿ൤Žеһλصʦ
ԣʯ鵤㲻Ϊʯ鷢ȥɡϸһ룬ôźá
ҶؿĵһЦ
ţðɡ
ʸȻܵصĳЩزֻɵĵ˵ͷ֪һ㣬Ȼʦôĵ⣬⡣
ҶرչڣһգȻ˳
û㹻ʯ鵤кܶ취Խ򵥵һ취ǣֱƳ߽鵤ʹáҩĺȫû⡣
ǣһð취෴õİ취
Ϊżȥ飬ѰĲϣ뿪복
ɽУʱض֮·ϮǱĳʮ޷ػ복û鵤ʯã
գڻ֮صʥʷ棬ɽç֮Ужɺ;УΪķܳһʱ䣬
ɽΣʱڡ
һǶΪʱֿأôǳء
ֱʹã֮ߡ
˼һգȫİ취ñԼӵʦ
Ͷɽ磬ʦʦԶǼΪϡȱʿκΪʿֻҪһָպ󶼲ٵԼûʯá
ӵʦκʿĲˮƹҲⶫ㹻ʯ鵤ᵢֻбʿΪæûΪȱʯȥ˰æ
ڣѵʱ΢һЩᵢǣȫֵá
ңڱʿ˵ҪڵͶʼΪ޴󣬸ⲻǼΪѵ飬һʧܵĿܡ
Ƕԣⷴһ򵥵顣
ľڣԼֵĸ߽ҩģ츳ǳƽӹʿڴĸ߽ҩĵİ£ҲͻͽЩ츳ߵʿչ졣
ʱ䣬ľĸ߽ҩģñʦˮ׼ôӴԺ󣬹鵤õʯҲܳ㡣
ܳ׽ʯȷ֮·ͨܵɨǱڵϰ


368 ͻͽ
Ҷһ㣬ö⣬߳˱չҡ
복ڵ΢ʹ
һ׹һϮɫȻҶأѾڰ׸ǵһСԺڡСԺӣһ㵭İɫâšеһƴĽɫСԺİɫһһͨ˵ֵͨϡ
Ҷزûдֱϸڵĸ߽ҩĸʸ׸ǣ׼ڳڵ̣ɹһ߽ҩĻȥ
ڵ񵤸
񵤸ڰ׸ڣеȹģ鵤̡
ڼŮ̵ޱȹӭ֮£Ҷڹĺ£Ʒʿڵܿ衣
һ˴ҴҵᣬҶأ̹ЦҶϵܹٱԣʧԶӭ
ԴϴҶԳԼʦȴ־ܾ֮λʹϧڲѣûмĳ߼ǮҶؽ£
񵤸󣬲ȱʿȱʦϼʿ
ڸкüλʦˮƽߵһλʦͷҶϧ츳ЩͣʮҲֻﵽ鵤ʦˮ׼ٳ޷ﵽߵĲΡ
һʦһʦǸ߽鵤ϣǳԡһɵĳɹʣζʯ׸ǣʦҲ٣ͱɹ˹ȥС뵽ʦεʿ
˵Ҷˣ˲ϼλҪ߽鵤Ĵ˿ͣæԹӭҶءܳɹƸ뵽Ҷس񵤸ʿûдͻ񵤸ô
ҶغҶڶᵺöŻ鵺֮£Ҳжšλ𵤵£ڣսҲͬڣֵýύ
ҶغһλʦĵλжߡڴСʦˮ׼㱻λ𵤵ֺãοڡ˿̱һλʿʾҲ
ҲϻƽҪһƷõ¯֪¯⣬ﻹһ߽ҩģԼһӡһһ߽ҩģҪʯ
Ҷһ嵥
һ嵥ʱһɿһ㣬Ȼ󾪵һ߽ҩģԼҪʮƷʯҶϵܣǴһʮƷʯ鵤
ֻҶ˵ԼʦǱϾûۼҶصԶҶˮ׼ٻһЩǡһ˵ĻֵߴʮҩģǽʿҲҪʹҪܳһʱָܻص
õģҾҪЩҩġ֮һҷһ߽鵤㡣ʱԷмǮȥͺˡ
ҶغǺһЦӹɡ
ȻȻֻҪҶϵƳ鵤Żݵĸ߼۸չԵһ£ȥֿһҩó
ΪҶкøУϧѪԸŵͷȥֿȡҩĺ¯
ˣҶϵγ߽鵤ԼмɳʣСѯʡ֪ʣܴµ֪Ҷصʵʵ
˵Ҫô
ҶƷһڵ裬Ƴһۣ˵
Ҷϵܣ˭
һ¡
ûȤҷ˶ȤҪЩҩģǸ׼ġ
ҶصȻ˵ƺ˵һ΢顣
ãͷװ˺üҩȡ͵ᡣҲٶҶλ˿
Ҷظ˴ʵʯ뿪񵤸
ڷҶ뿪񵤸󣬰˵һʼֵʮƷʯ߽ҩģȻǸһȥֱǱﰡλҶϵԳʦֻ²顣ǲƴֵʦ˭Ǯ
Ҷض񵤸¯Ϊ⡣񵤸õһǷ¯¯Ƕ¯߳кܴĸá
˸ߵ񵤸󣬻ʯɹһҩģ˾Ȼ⡣
ɹһ߽ҩ֮ҶСԺýƴСԺĹ֣ͨͻ˻복Ķ
ʸʱڴȴҶصӰ֣ӭȥ
ȥһ˰׸ǣһ߼ҩĻӽ֮⣬ʱȫȫ
Ҷص˵ڳΪʦ֮ǰ뵺벽һΪİš
ǣˣ
ʸΪҶصİԵЩԹĿУȴ˿˿ĸоİĺչˣָо;Ужᡣ
ҶؽеһְףʸΪģڱչҡҺ֮䣬Ǳż˫޵µ˫֮֡
һʿܵһεˮ׼ͨҪ츳Σж١
ò˵ʸ츳ǿ
ǿҶҲĿĳ̶ȡ
ֻʿˮƽֱ߽鵤ʧȻߡ
һٶ¯߽鵤ʧܣûгɹһΡΪԼû츳һһεʧܣҶδעʱ飬ֲȥǽҧݳţ÷ʧ÷һѪ
ø߽ҩһַǳݳ޵ΪȻļ졣
Ҷزҩĵģֻʸж졣
һµĹ֮󣬻ʸżȻƳһ¯߽׵ĻΪȸԾ
Ҷش㵲ѣǰǻ˺üŴʿﵽʦˮ׼ȻˣһµĹʮƷʯҩģʸʮܼ֡ҡ⡣Ψһջֻһ¯΢ջ񣬾ǴҲᱻ塣
ڣЩϵҩģҲûȫ˷ѡҲûҶء
ҶֱӽЩҩлüֵһ֣ŵڣʯȻָ߽ҩóûʸʹá
ļ£ʸĳʿʼͻͽʮ¯ܳԼһ¯һԾΪʦˮ׼
Ȼֻһʼֵʮҩģ𵽵ȴԶԶʮҩģ屶ϵЧԻʸ˵ǰ
ڻ복֮жɹһξǰꡣ
֮
Ҷûʸһ߽鵤ȥ׸ǣ񵤸
񵤸ڣʿ𶯡Ƕɶ߽鵤ʣȵʦˮ׼ڰ׸УҲС
֮£ʸ񵤸¹ʿҩίд鵤ʸơ
Ҷصշ֮£ʸδܾʦĴߣʮֿɣѡǷʿίʸʿݣ˵λ硣
ʸʼڰ׸СΧڴ
ҶԼϸҪԽ͵ע⣬˵Խá
ǱҪ
һʿԽߣʿŻĽôĸ߽ҩܿһָ߳ɵʯ꣬ΪһʦҲϣ
Ļ˭ϸһʿ
ҲҶ񵤸ҩģûʸȥ鵤𶯵ԭΪñڰ׸罨ϸߵĳЩֶǱġ


369 ɸ
Ҷ˴ʱ䣬ȫʱʯ鵤ĵǡԺܴﵽһĳ̶ȣҪԼŬˡʦˮƽǸḶ́޷һ͡
ҶڽľҪϡƴнϣǱʵԭϣû䡣
һգҶش޴Ļʸ׸ɢɢģ˳㹺һЩճķ㡢Ʒ
򱦼Ƕ˰׸ǣæ񵤸Ĺ˼٣ֵߵߵĸڶ˵ĺǣƺ˵
ʸʦ壬ѾʦΪʲôҪ񵤸أʿõʯһС붼Ҫ񵤸ˣЩ㰡
СĽѯʣЦ
Щλ൤Ŵʦ㡣λʸʦ㣬ߣޱȣЩ൤ͨӿɼЩ൤ͨĿеĵλߣ˵С˵һ䡣
Ŷǲ񵤸ǱҪԼȥѰҪʿЩǷҲܺʱ䡣򱦣ԥԥ˵ʲô
ʸƺлҪ˵
ʸʦ壬Ȼ㹻ˣΪβԼڰ׸ǿһһСҲ϶ʯࡣ˵ˣ൤ţмλʿʮʿʦֵܽǶɢڱءǿϼ룬ҲСйģ
æ˵
Ŷ˵ľô
ʸ΢ü
ѧֻΪ˵õʯ鵤Լþͺá
ΪЩ񣬵ӲסʸȻһӴļ壬ǴʼǮ顣
񵤸һЩʯҲûйϵٲȥģѰ˿͵飬ʿġ
ȻЩԭûҪ˵ġ
򱦼ʸ˿ģ¶һɫȰʸʦ壬൤ŵʦʦܣ߶ʮּѣֻܿάЩЩֻʯʵͲ񵤸ˣÿҪͷʵܡǿϳ棬£൤ŵʿԼԼǮ϶ܱ˸ɻáһСȻȲöɹͷ󣬵൤źôҲλʿͬʦֵǾһɻպҲ˵裡˵ǲǣ
ʸ΢΢ġ൤кĸ飬Щ൤ŵⶫҲףҲǰ취
ֻǣڶ࣬δ˶ġ
ЩԥɿҶأ㿴ô
Ҷ֪֮ģһ£ֻҪܿеĻˣһС͵Ǹ⡣Ҳ軨˼ЩϣΪһ
ת򱦵ļͷȻ򱦶ԿģȥЩˡֻҪһʯһ򾫴ϸ㣬϶˱Ǯ
򱦼ҶҲͬ⣬һȥɴΪܣæлҶʦ塢ʸʦЯϣʸʦܳ棬ȥλʦֵܽãǿ϶Ը롣ʯٵĿҲᵤĿ̫С֪²ܵھŲ㣬ɴͰŶλʦ񣬸ŻʸʦҶʦЩǮ
ðɣȻҲͬ⣬ȥλʦǣλͬԸԸ롣ǿҲһЩ
ʸһЦ
һȻҶͬǾɡ
Ҷط֣ȥ׸λ൤ͬţһ顣ƽ൤ŵеλʿλʿȴõѡ
ҪһЩϣҶʦȥʸһ仰Ȼȥ
á
ҶصһЦ
ʸߺһڽֵϡҶЦݣʵ򱦣ϣϣôˣ
Ҷ֣Ҷءܱ꣬׸еҩ̣ҵеĴԼһٶҵҩġֻЩҩ̫һ嵥ҩģļҩ涼ǵһʣµϣȥҡ
򱦶ҶؿûжԻʸηæӴڰһֽ嵥˳
Ҷ嵥һۣҡͷҵĶһЩΪͽ׵ϣҪǱʵļζϣȴһҲûС
򱦽ִӴóһСĴָڴСһԲĻɫɰʯ̫ҡ꣬ܶȣ·߽̯ұˣֻҵôһСƳɰ˵ݡ㿴ǲҪҵĻƳɰ
ҶؽɫɰʯֺܵĻɫ󡣱ֻаĴָСȴĳһͨ齣Ҫء˵ͷǻƳɰ̫̣Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ʮεû취˾ֻʣôһˡ·һɢ޵ĵ̯ģñʣĲϡôһƳɰû취ߣһϵСɵֻҲӲãһϵ뻹ࡣǣ붼ǽϵƼײƣϵԭģûʲôǮҲʮƷʯһƳɰһˮʵҲЩˣûֲϡ
Ҷ»ƳɰһʯЩʯţʣµԭҰɣһʱȥæɣڳ洦ߣ㲻øˡ
ʶ̽һ£ʱüЦǸҶʦʯĿ찡ϣȻȥæʸʦ顣Ҷȥʸʦϰɣ˵ͦŮҲرࡣ
򱦳գۣܵȥ
ҶؿЦҡͷȴΪơҪнԪûôסԪһѰ
ڳвţżóһݰ׸ǵϸͼ鿴
׸ǣԭҪЩϣΪһ飬Ϳͼֽ
߹ü֣ȥ˱ϡ
һʱ֮Ҷ׸һ
˸֣ʮɸߣʮ¥ϵдšɸӲӵĴ֡
ڶࡣ
ʱ磬ɸʿΪڶ࣬внڵʿǰ˸ίƷ


370 Ϳ
׸ǵһ֣ҶΪݡ
Ҷβʿڣһۼߣӭʿڰ׸κһ¥󶼾ǹ͡
λǰ빺ίƷɸǰ׸ǵһֻҪ˲ϣʲôΣӵͽ׵ʲôͣз淨ǷⷨȵȣܰƳ
Ҷʵпʿ
У¥룬¥רƿͷǰԵطˡڰ׸ڣĴȻܶࡣƿܵģȴʵǿĻҪɸ󣬰׸ΨһһλʦɸҪίƿܣλʦ׼û
ȻɸʵΪ⡣
Ҷظߣɸ¥
¥רܷĵط˵صʿȻࡣ
Ҷ⿴ȥҲֻʮʿѡܡܼ۸񰺹󣬲Ѷȴ𻵣ȱ㲻١ܷ˵ƫŵķ
Ҷذ뵽
һãڰڷڶĵͽ׿ܣҲֻһܷһͷ״ƿܡ
ûпߵεĽ𵤼ܡ
Ҳ֪ǸûУǲԸó
ڣֻʿһûһģҶزû˵λʦ
λʿҶλʿ˹ǰҪ򼸽׵Ŀܣиֲͬ;Ŀܣڿ󡢿һԺ򶷿ܶСĿܣҪҲԶƣֻǲԼҼ۸Ҫ΢һЩ
ûҪĿܡ
Ҷ⿴ȥǿд͸߽׿ܵͼֽԼһԡ
֪Ǳٷϣǳ˭ȥƴ͵ĸ߽׿ܣһ߿֪١
ǰ㣬߽׿ܿɲ˭ƱƳģڿЦɣ
ʿһ£ĳԾ˵
˭Ҫƿܰ
ãϯƿһе߿˼˳߽׵ʿȻɫЩãĿ⾼
λߵԱߣһ鼫ΪĮʿʶҶɨãȻǱλߵİȫġ
ʦˣ
λʿϱñϹϾλǰ˵ܡ
ߵͷҶؿһۣʵ¶˽٣ֲֶϽ˽٣⸱Į̬ȣȻҶسƲʲô⡣
Ҷزδ⣬ȻһʦλԽʿڿ
Ҷҡҡͷ̫˽⣬ҲŴ㹺һݸ߽׿ͼֽһԡ֪󣬿и߽׿ͼֽ
һ£ǶϣһǱٷԵĲϣԷмǿĵֿܴЧϡϣںҵΪѵֻͨҪ뷨֮УƳһٷԵķͨķַв֪֮
бٷ֮ЧЧôϵ棬Ȼ޷
Ҷһ£Щ
һͨһʦҲڻҪ˵Ʒˡٷƣϼټֻмʦжŵֶŵǲ⴫ġ
̸ŨЦЦԸԼȥܣ࿴ˡʿġϺͿͼֽȥҲ˷Ǯƣô
Ҷضλʦ⡣
ô˵ֻʦ֣Ƴܡǲǣ
Ҷеһ£ʮֽѯʵ
¹ϵܲء
û룬ȴҡҡͷҲɰƳһɡҪƳһߴ͵ܣĲǷʮûĹķѵޣƹвжϣҲȥҪʱ̫ҪϢһˡҪܣɡ
ҶؾˣʦҲƲˣûƳˣ
ڶʦƴ͵Ŀܷһɹʿ⣬ƫƫϲϡĶƿܡ
Ц
ŶǸɹ
Ҷص
ʥʹ
ɫĿҫĹâʥʹƺΪ
ʥʹ
ҶȻһͷһⶫҲʥʹôʥʹĹǺˣܣɾǴӻ֮λʥİ
˵ķɹʮ֡˵ƿܣȴʥʹһЩʿʥʹǼΪ硣ѧƿܣֻʥʹˡʥʹǧǰѾˣڻĺˡ֮áܲҵҲ֪
Ҷ˴Ѿ׹ʥʹǧǰѾʱ㣬Ӧþ֮صλʥʵɹˡ
һ£ʵʥʹʲôط
ǺǣʥʹȻڳˡħͷ֮׵ʥʣ𶫺˸âϧǧǰʥʺλͷַһȻ伣ͷ֮׵λãҲȡ֮Դʥʧ֮ʥʹѸܡ񶮵ƷʿҲˡ
߲ʤꡣ
ΪʿĿеʥȴ˥زҲܡ

Ҷغ̸ã˽ڳʥʹٵ뿪ɸɫϧûдλʦĿеõ㹻
Ӷܴ죬鷳ơ
֮ǰнҲ㹻ԭϣڣõҲҲİ취
ǾŽ׿ܣʥм䣬ʵλڵڶĿܣһ𵤺ʿʵ
޺ãϽ֣ôλʿʵһλ𵤺ڵʿҲв
ǰʵ΢ҲûлᣬһֱûȥҲκ֪һŽ׼Ʒ׷ɱʿԴӶŶӵ
ڶѾᵤһԱ֮Ǹһá
Ϊ˱ⱻʿ֪һŽܡֻԼ޷ͼˡ
ֻҪŽʵֱӱ
ΣҪȥһڳǵʥʹУܲҵʥʹĴУҵİ취
Ҷش⡣


371 Ͻ
Ҷ뿪ɸһβڳҵʥʹʿͻȻһ㣬˱ǶҶ֣һŮ䳺
Ҷ˺Լٸ΢㵣ͷһ
ֻһŮӣŮӽݳŻɫ˿ʳȹȴϽ
ԱߣһŮӣԼһ·ʿȻǹ﹬ι;۱ĽɽӶˡ󣬻ϹɹһȺʮʿ̴ӡ
ɹĽʿһǳȺӣдɹơ·ʿ׷ױܿ
ҶҲûʲô֮治ףΪζ
Ҷظǰŵ޵Цݣδ˵ʲô飬ϸͷŴҶһЩʧҡҡͷ
һɢޣʲôرܹ֮ǿɢ޳Ǵģÿͬѣ鵺øʵװѶŻ鵺ߣƾҵʵ붼롣Ūеһոµ鷨ΪȻƲƲ졣
磬Լˣ˶óһһû⣬һԶⱾȡʤ̨ܹᵺɣ׷Ǯơ
ȴһ촽ݸЦ
Ҷز΢üͷ̫סԼ˵ʲô
ûӵ䳰ȷɫδɻڶᵺ֪ǵ֣ǲδʶ̸Ͻ顣
ΨһǣǸΪ鵺һԹǴ¹ȥѾһʱ䣬Ҫ鷳ˣ鷳ɡ
УϽҲһϵǱڶᵺʩչ𽣡ĪԼйϵ
Ҷʵܹι֣λ£
ȻǽʿҲ׵׸ǵЩϹɹʿ鷳ڰ׸ǵӿɲô
Ҳûʲô£ʦе顣ϣҲʡȥ鵺㡣
Ӵֵ
һС㡣ӦǴʿɣѾѧҼҵϽŻԪ֪ĴнѾ˶ߵĳ̶ȣ
ʵ
ҶɫһĬ飬һʿʵƣ׵ĸ߱ˡϽʿҲСɸϽûʲôϵ
΢΢ãλȻ£¸ˣ

ҶҪߣæסЩߣЩΣеһݸҶأȻҶֲԸ˵СҲǿϽÿ궼׸ΧһЩڡԪӤʿСۣ໥֮¡ȻѧϽҲǸϽԵˡһϽԸȥμӾۻᡣ
Ҷ΢΢ȻǷݴŵɫϽ֣еĴнС潣һ˱ɽͼ
δ򿪿ȻͷҲص뿪

ߣһ𽣶ѣʲôҶظûǷһ£ɷףƵš
ܽ㣬㿴ѾжٱнԪˣ
ҶȥıӰʵ
ϽĴнԪôױܳ룿ҵһ״нǶѣҪһ״нԪҲ֪¡µ˽𵤺ڣлƳһԪҿһ𽣵ԪѾǳˣж٣
ߵ˵
ϽʿĴн඼ǽ˱׼ƵġٻᰴϽ߱׼ơ
ƴнϣ̫ѰϵݳҲԽݵĻ𾧲ϣܷӳ𽣵ļԪ֮࣬Ҳǳռ
ƵĹҲףʿܽơ
ϽʿԪҲԷӳнȫ
ԭܼ򵥣ֻӵĳһϵܷӳĳһϵ
ûһϵģȻҲܲһϵķ޷ӳǿɽʿѡԼƥķܷӳս
Ͻֻͬʱӵʿܷӳнȫ
ǣϽ˭˳ЦֻҲ޷ϵΪ
ϽϽˣԪӤʿݣǿϽʹö׽
Ͻĺ󱲣ûλǿʵѡеƳԪǵĴнҲԶԶżڼصǿ
ȻҶزмǶǱԪȴЩĽԪʿʱԽãԽ󣬿ɲһԱ⡣

Ҷزδнñͨͱ׼İ취ɣϸżڣϽ߱׼ԭġ
֪ͱ׼ҲܵõнҲδػ
˲ϱ׼ͳ⣬󡣾һöƵĴнҲ޷޵С
һֱѰ㹻ǧݵĻƳɰһˮܲƳԪ
Ҷطص복Ͻϸһ顣
ֻҲ˻ʸ
沢δ˵ۻʲô飬ֻ˵ڶĽϵʿǰȥϽ໥ĵãɵ
ʸ˵һ£ȥȥ
ʸһ£ҡͷѾ൤ŵĸ߽ɵ䣬һһЩˮƹɵ䣬Ѿ㹻ȥˮƹϽûʲô飬һˮƹӣûʦŵͬ⣬ϽټĽĵþۻᡣҶʦ㻹ӦȥϽнÿԿܴܲϽõһЩ顣
ʸ˼ݣԸȥҶҲûǿ
С֮󣬵дڣҶض׸ǣϽɹſڵ֮沽˽̻ԻƻֺϽɹΡĴ֮ڡ
ʱϽڣɢĽʿۼһֵܣɵ
ҶؽϽŷ֣ⳡʿۻĴ
⣬ǽʿѾ֮ڣθ죬ߡʿŮС׸Ͻ﹬۱ȵȣжʮɹʿ
ڴŵĵλߵԪӤʿҲλ֮ࡣ
Ҷʿм䣬ڽʿ໥кױ㷢֣ЩμӾۻɹʿϽЩԨԴҪôѣҪôʦͽ֮Ĺϵ


372 Ϲŷ
ҶذľϽܹ˶ɹĽʿټһݷͬһ㡣
Ͻ֮һȦֻӵȼλĽʿûҵʶĽʿ
ʿʲôɴڵƫƧһվſʶڽʿɵ
˼ʱȤ飬Ҷش󳤼ʶ
һߣʹʮֲͬƷֵһ׻֥ˮ֥֥ȵһ𣬻ʮ깤ĵһϡŹֵײ֥ױƵʮʿǰ˳ʿһ̾Ȼİ취ҩ졣Ȼͽ֥ûʲôãȴʤϡ溱
Ҷ΢ɴչȥĽζ
ҶزʶڵĽʿȻڣвٽʿΪμӶᵺ飬֪ţżһ䡣ǽǳ
ҶЩЦáû뵽Ľ
֪˶ãξۻῪʱڵˡ
һʿ˳ȻĿɨ˵ڽʿʾ˰һ¡ڽʿһ¶
뵽λѲμϽһһεɾۻᣬ֮
Ҷ΢΢һ£һϳˣǰμӶᵺʱԪӤʿٲáٲļΪûжκνʿƫ̻
û뵽λɽ¶ˮҲûʲôƢԪӤнʿȻϽĹ
ʿ
λѶ֪Ϲʱڣɵʿ֮䣬в໥ɵĴͳɽϹŹϹɵ䣬λϹʿı׫ɡ
ǣɽ罥֮ŴɺʹɼԽԽأ֮ʿֻڸԵڲͼԱ֮佻ɫĴͳɥʧݼ谭ɵĺϽÿٰһĵýۻᣬϣܹ̳Ϲŷ磬λ໥ĵãȡ̣ɵξۻһգǰԪӤʿмλ໥ĵáλԽһЩ
֮⣬ڽʿĿС
Ķɽ磬ֻмĵλߣʷԶϹɹڼ־ٰƼ塢ɡɹĽۻᡣ
ȻϽĽۻᣬʵҲֻԸϽһЩɹѣǸϽԨԴʿ֮䣬û޹ϵ˲μӡǣôҲһ͵Ľˡ
Ҷزܡ
ܹλԪӤǰʿ̸֮ڶʿ̸ɽţɹɻܹǰʿ̡Ļ쳣ѵá
ڣϽʼԵܹʿתԪȻɰ׸ĸˣŲơռȶͳԶ봫͡﹬ˣ֮
߰λԪӤʿϽڿһգɵİĵڽʿȻʱš
ҶաԺ֮ͻȻ˹
ȵģɵİЩԪӤʿûв˽ķʮоɵȺʿ˳
Ϲŷô
뵽ʮǰϹʿۼһĳɵԶĿͿؽԶǺʿɱȵġ
ЩϹʿĿؽЩߣη׳οܴжеⶫվȽŸ
Ҷе𶯣֪

λԪӤʿͷյĿ֮ǲμӾۻλʿ໥дɵĵá
ǰ֮ǰڶᵺᣬδϳǰݣǰ¡
ҶڵϯضżλʿۣͻȻʿ˹æݾ⣬ȴǷĶԴ˵أΪԪӤʿϽλϽòɽ¶ˮ˸оԪӤʿȴݴϹŷؽ󡣲ô˵Ҷؾ
޷
ʿɫƽЦһ£ŮЩԣһûܽ͵Ҷʦֶ޷ءգʲôʣ
Ҷһ£˵ǰȴһʣδܵõ
˵
ǡɵ䣬ֻռԤϡСƪƪΪֹɵ̸¥δҵԪӤƪĹ֪ǰǷ֪ҵԪӤƪȻΪոսڣԪӤƪ˵պõš
ʿδЦҶôԪӤ飬ϸ˼һŵ⡶֪һ˹ɵѾټжʿȥˡ֪һȺϹʿ׫һɵ伮⡶
׫ԤƪƪƪƪϡСƪȻ˽ƪ֮󣬿ʼޱԪӤƪʱϹ֮˼ķ磬ΪӦղͬķʽȥھ޴޷Э׫ȥƪֹ˺׫ͶɽУʽġԪӤƪ
ûԪӤڵĹǺô
Ҷزһ
ʿǺЦ
¼򵥣취С
һֱӷѾɹǣѾ˽ƪѾӦɹ˹̣;ɹӦδһ顣Ϲʿ׫ġƪһȱ֮⣬ಿֶǷǳɫδɵ֮ȡѾ˷ƪȱݣûҪ;Ĺ
ҵĳλϹԪӤʿڸ㡣ҵϹԪӤʿҲҪĻԵҵǵҵԪӤƪĿ̫Сˡ
취̫Сȥԡ
ǵʲô
Ҷ΢ϽȻǰôȻֻʣǵ취ˡ
ʿôԴЩϹʿԪӤ֮󣬶ǶԴÿһλϹʿϹʿĹͬѾǽʿԪɵľҲгʱȥԴ顣Ҫ֪֮󣬷ԪӤڴߣԴֻԴɹʺԼ
Դ
Ҷ𶯣Ȼʿͷǰδ
ʿͷ׼ãҪӽһھŲ㣬Ҫʱ䣬֮ɡһ飬ǷԸ⡣
ǰ뽲
Ҷص
ҶСֶһɢ޵ݣΪض־ᶨ޿֮ɽ磬ΪϽǼԨԴΪáԸϽҪ֪ⶫûɹΪܶ鶼㡣
ʿ˵
Ͻ
Ҷû뵽ʿͻȻ룬Ȼ޿ɽ޵ʿҲûбҪϽɣ
ʿĿⷺ΢âҶһЦҶСֶûӦɣɽõģΪѵ
ƫƫȴѡˡҳΪ˽ʿò˽ΪǲϽϽһ޶Ĵнʵ˷ϽѾǧûгֹĴнˡ


373 
ǰ´һ¡
Ҷ˺һ˵
ŶҪǣ
ʿ¶֮ɫĹ֮УҶһɢޣޱһûᣬӦûϴӦǡ
δ˶⣬һ£Цûп㣬³ȣ費ǱĽʿܵõϽֻ¸˻ȻҪǣҲգⳡۻỹкüգϸǰɡܹʶʿɲ
ζҶһۣ뿪
ΧڽʿŶʿҶصĽ̸ʿղԷ˺ڽʿδǽ̸ݡʱԹĿҶءϽݣһ𵤳ʿ̸Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
Ҷؿû˼ȥڽʿĲ죬ãڸղŵ֮С
δ̴Ӧ
ȻϽг⣬ԳϽû˿ˣЩų⡣
ϸ룬żƪнеԪҲʣԭϣҲֻܿԼȥŬѰңûбҪϽ
ϽΨһܸģ»żƪС潣󡱵ԭϷ棬ϽʿԼ¶װ͸һԭϣ
ֻǣС潣󣬶ҶĿǰΪ˵̫ңԶˡܰѴнĲ룬Ѿ㹻Ѻܳһʱˡ
ļϽϽ̶һ𵤳ʿʹһһܹմнĽʿ
ȴûеõʲôֱӺôֻǶһݡ
ҶذԳΪ㹻ĺôԭɣԼŶԴʿЩų⡣
λԪӤʿϽĿ֮뿪
ʿһСȺһСȺľһ𣬽ɵĵãԼ֮ʱϰ֮Ĳ졣
Ҷڽʿм䣬Щ𵤸߽ʿ֮Ȼʱ䡣ֹգɵĵ÷ֹͣջ࣬δĸо
˴ɵĵýλʿѵþۼһ𣬴ڴ˵ؽƷȡɡϽܹ³׻Ὺʼ
Ͻľۻᣬʣµһڣ໥һЩϡƷ
ԪӤʿѾȥڽʿǲٶμӹϽĽ׻ᣬԵ÷ǳ⣬Ͻн
Ϸһöı̺˭Ҫıۣ
һʿֱóһö߽ˮϵߺ˭ҪֱӳֵۣͬĽϵʯϽڣ˷һʱ緻һ֡
нʿֱڵǰ˸С̯һѵƷó
ڳĶǽʿܹõóֵƷȻǱѰҲס߽ϵԭϡԭϡƷ鵰֮ȵȡ
ЩƷ̫ͨķϣҪһЩʿδĳȥ
ۼĽʿڶ࣬Щ߽ƷĴʱ
ҶϽڲٻ̯ǰһȦϲ
ǱʵҪʮ꺱߽ס˽ҩģһֱûҵȻЩʿĵ̯˺üꡣ
δʯӴóһЩ߽鵤ȡ⼸߽ҩġʿҪĸ߽鵤Ʒʯܻӭ
ҶزǣһλʿĻ̯ϣһѻϵҩĵм䣬˼ݺǳĻƳɰ
ϵɰʯô
ҶûЩҩģǼ
λʿ̧ͷҶеɰһۣæ˼Щͽ׵ϵɰҲҩʱ򣬲СĲκϽƷڽʿϽ̯ƷĶǸ߽Ʒ˻ͽ׵ϵɰʯģֻ»˳Ц
Ҷȴ¶֮ɫҩĵطкܶĻƳɰ
ʿҶƳɰһ£Ҳ֪ǲǻƳɰҵĻʯϣвɰʯҲûʲôôϵҩģЩɰʯ֡
Ҷ¶֮ɫλ̨һЩɰҰɣ
ҶЩƳɰϵ
һЩŮҶϤüûͷ֪λϽʿ
ЩмĿ⣬ҶеĻƳɰȻֻĻƳɰƳͽ׷ѣʲôãҶһƳɰϽϽڣһЩԼǧĻƳɰҲ߽׷ϽĵƷλɰҲ٣һЩҶֺˡ
Ҷûʿ˵һλʦֶռɰôҪǳ󣬲̨ЩƳɰʦֶɡ
Сʦֶʲôط
ʿҶҪƳɰеЩ⡣ɰĵкܶ࣬ЩͽɰȻۣˣҲٵʯһ֮ơ
Ҷؽڰ׸ǵסַλʿȻֱȥʿ̯λתƣܲҵĺö
ߣʲôȻû˵ƣ
Ŀŭɣҧűݣţ޷ȥ
ϽϵˣҪ÷Ҫ꣬˭˵Ҳ֣ȻЩƢһܺáԴӵ֪ڶԴ˸⿴֮бʮֲҪΪ
ڲԶһòΪĽнӣһĻεҡҡͷ첽ҶҶֵܣ
Ҷһ٣ͷӣɻǣ
棬á
ЩǸЩߣе֮Ҷֵܼ¡
Ҷ׹ҡͷ֣ùǶʲôɼû취ﲻֻܾܿ
ҶֵҲǴ֮ˣҾͷˡ磬ȥǱߣһ𡣡
ǺһЦϽڵһ䣬ʮʿۼ֮أָһָ
Ҷһüͷ
Щʿǰ׸ϽȰ׸Ǽɹĵӣ̫ԸЩŵĽʿ򽻵ӽϽһֱڵ⣬඼ɹĵӡ
̸һЩΪҪ飬ҶֵܼȻʿҪڶĻȥһȤġ
ЦȰ
Ҷһ£һڵ֮С
ʮʿʱһ飬ûȥҶغˡ
ά֣˵˿ܻ֯һνϴж׼һԶһ֡ά֣ǰ׸ˣӦ֪һЩĻϢɣ
һɫߣеһʿʵ
漰˺ħˣȻǰ׸ӣҲ͸¶й¶ϢĲҡ
άԥ


374 Ӻ
ά֣ҵʲô顣ô꣬Щʦֵܽã¾Щʿ֪⴫ά֣˵˵׼ĸ岿䣿
ǰЩʿ֮⣬û֪ЩĻϢά֣˵˵ɡ
һλɫΪ޵ŮӣЩʵ
άһ£סʿĿȰڻ͸¶һЩмֵϢ
һֱ׼򶫲չһƬ죬ڹؼλϣΪҪǶĹؼڡ˵ħҲ׼ƬȺ֡Ѿ´Ǩó岿俹ԸǨ㡣
ڽʿϲӡ
ô˵Ҫսˣ
̸£Ļֻпս¡
ά֣Ƭ죿
ҶһԣѾЩ׹
Щʿ˶أԼйص顣
Щ֣Դţռ˾ԵϷ磬ûҹȻԵġû뵽Ȼ岿ܾ˵
ڻ岿䣬Ҹ˶Ÿɣ
Ҷɻתͷʵ
ƺ֪һЩĻЦҶֵܸãڵľơеӵмĲ壬ǳӴֻǺߵĳֺŽ˥ȥеҪ죬ЩռݡǾ㵽ڣҲ岿ûñסڶеܱƫԶһЩȺϡ
ҿ岿壬ν֮١ȻΪ˥ȥȴһЩǿĲ壬ʼպʿŸɡʮ֮һӺ壬СӺΪ׺Ĳ֮һԴ֮Ϊ˽Ӻ䣬ĽʿֹǧӺӣ˵Ĺ˵Ǩ⵽ܾⲢ֡սԱ⡣
Ҷ΢΢ͷӺ壬ֵĲ֡
һ£ӺȻ̣ҲΪһСƬ죬˵ðűΣգҲܾǨ뿪һƬ죬ֻЩŹ֡ȻϽϺĵӣǺܶĻڻ֪Ļ
涼顣
ҶȻ
Ҳ˶أ֮顣
ֻһ˺忪սܻǣʿʿҲ޷⡣ڶҲ֪Ʊ仯Ӧʧ
ĵȥ
ڵʮɹʿԵЩ˷ܡ
岿䣬һս֮󣬲²дʿ岿ĴƻҲ֪Щʿ˭ʸӣμӴ˴ζ岿֣
ЩɹʿӦܹǰȥ
ҵģħ˵Ľʿпδ˳
ͻȻҶʵҶֵǷԸȥƬϵӺ壿
Ҷһ£ңĽ𵤳ʿȥ壿λɹĹ𣿡
Цҡͷ˶岿֣ЩʿӣʿһȥִСǸսԪӤǼٻֻҪǽʿʸ롣ȥ
ҶسĬһԵ޹ʣȥ岿ʲôҲ˵ӺʵͬСɣеĽʿδغǣֻȥҲδֶٺô
ЦӺ嵱ȻǣҲԸȥǡӺһΪʥҶֵܿ˵Ҷֵǰ൤ˣʶҩӦ֪ɡ㵥Ϊ˴ҩҲʿԸ⸰ǰȥӺˡλ൤ŵӣҩģ
ݣҪҶصĳǺܼ򵥵顣
Ҷһ͡Ȼ֪
ΪǱʵҪΨһһʮ׵ҩģӡʮҩʿһҲûҩġ
˵ʲôʱ
Ҷɫƽе𾪿ϲ˿ûб¶
ҶȤЦ˵ʵѾˣֻǻûȷЩɹĽʿǰȥ֡
˺ħˣȥһƬλùؼ죬漰ش档˿»Ϊһʱ䡣ңĸɹҲһȡԼɹʿܹȥõĺôȷӵʿĻӦþһ֮ڣ֡
˵ɫ֪ҶֵܿԸϽϽ϶μζ֣ҶԸĻҿƼҶֵܴȥ岿䡣
ҶؿЦá˵˰죬λֵĿģԭϽϽĹ֮ǰոȰλָգȰ˵
Ͻһʿ࣬ΪʲôһҪҼϽ
ҶЩε
̾һֵҲû취ϵӣȴǵľֻʩչľϵԪϵķƫ
Ҷֵƫƫڳǧʿм䣬ҲҲһȻˣȻܷҶֵߡϽĴнȻﶫѾܾòʿʩչ״Ľˡ
ڿɶһҪȰҶֵܼϽڰϧʿ˲ţ֪֣ҴӡҶֵܿϼϽĻԸ֮λá
˵ϣҶҲ޷ؾ岿仹һʱ䡣Ȼȥһ£ոһ𸴡
Ҷֵܼ
һݵЦϽ֮硣

Ҷ£ڽ׻˹䣬ûзԼ֮뿪Ͻ׼ػ복
Ҷ磬Եһ£
һŮӣϽ˳
ιº£
ҶػͷһЩֻ֣ԳȴδһӰӵʿλСһιЩøеġûͱˡ
һС飬Ҷһ¡ҶǴʿ֪һ磬Ƿеϵ᣿
鶯ЦĿ⣬ϣĶҶأϣܴҶصĿеõ϶Ĵ𸴡
Ҷһ£˵ͷ˴Ϲɢ֮һ缫֪ϹһˡιϹһѾ㣬ʣµҲֻΪûʲôΪĵλҲŵȡ
Ҷ˵˴ЩԿڡΪŵϣϽкԨԴΪűǴϽĴнЩӡ
лҶ磬Сõ֮Сʱˣὥ˥䡣˴ϹɢޣҲֻϽ۱ڶڡҹ﹬ȻάϹɹʵѾԶǰϹɹһֻϽżǿʵ
ԵЩ΢΢ʧ̾һڡ
ˣʵСãϣҶɢ޳Ľʿܼ﹬ҹ﹬ȻûϽһ㶦ʢȴڶϹɵ䣬аҶ粻һ£ϽĻ﹬ɡ
չһЦ
Ҷشһ¡
ԡ
ôιҲϣ﹬ô


375 ڳ
Ҷڰ׸ڣҵ򱦣һʯȥͰ׸ǸĻʯĽ𵤵ϵʯϵĵƷ׵ĻƳɰ
򱦲֪ҶŪôĵͽ׻ƳɰʲôǮư£ҲûʣֻշԸȥȥһ˻ʯ˰յʱ䣬ôװʮĻƳɰҶء
ҶؽЩƳɰϸڣѳһʮɸߵСϲЩƳɰԼݣÿһлСǻһֱϸ˿ϸСɰࡣֻҪȴǽΪƳɰ࣬µûСµĹ
£ҶشӰ׸ǵһСԺͻ˻복
СҶһֱڻ복δ
Ͻ룬Ҳٳûиһ𸴡
ʸ൤ŵļλʿʮͬţϻڰ׸ǿһ͵Ȼ˦ֲˣе񣬶򱦵ȵͽʿȥæ
ҶÿŻʸڻ복ϣ峿ʱ֣տҩ԰ӡż¯鵤ΪƽС
һգɽһƬҩ֮С
﷽ԲĻ복죬ѾʮƬҩԷһ׵ĵͽҩ߰˽ҩС붴ΪŨĵطֵǸ߽ҩطɢһЩͽ׵ҩΪ복ĻΪŨԴ󲿷ԻϵҩΪҩġ
ɽһСأΧŴ񡣻ʸƣҩ԰Χİããһҩ԰󷨽ƣʮĶСҩ԰ҩ
ҩ԰ԣڶĹֻɳһĶһĶ롣ÿһԣҩ԰Ȼ泩ޱȡ
ûʸϲǣǰЩȥһЩҩӣѾʼ۵ѿ
ʸĿɨҩڵѿȴܿ΢üָܷ֣ҩмһСƬѿ˵ҶʦܣһСƬײݣǲֵ̫ϡˣ
ҩ԰ڵҩһǻʸеģһҶֵġ
Ҷشʱһһ̳һһö൤ŵҩʶҴҵĲײݵֲ
˵߽ҩײݣÿײݼߡӦûִ
Щ¶ˡ
ϼص̫ˣߡײݵֻҪһߣʮײҪߣײҪʮߣܵõ㹻ǵϵб仯Ҫʱ򶼻Ӱ쵽ҩĳɳ⣬ײֲʱҪСġҶʦ˸ȴ൤ŵӻҪ͡
ʸЦϴŵ̵΢ЦĽ֡
Ҷ΢죬ҷ
˵൤ŵӣȻ൤ҲһƬҩ԰ԣǴûȥֹƺһСɽͷֹһΣǺûǣҲ֪ЩСҩôˡ
ҪҩģֱӴϸڡϸڲҪʲôֻҪʯŪС
ҩ֮ʵǲҲ̶á൤κһŵӣƶҩ
ҩ԰æһЩӡ
ҩ԰æһʱҶغͻʸ壬µһȪϣںһ´éݵЪϢ
ҶбϣŻʸһ˫ֲʵڷӯĽߡʸĻ˯ܵ˫ֵȣ΢΢۽ëһŷϾ֮Ǻۡ
ҶշӯĿŻнޣѰ˼Ͻ顣
ǲϽô飬϶ûķݡӺʥǱʵʮҩȻҲûķݡ
Σõ
ҶسĿ⣬¶ᶨ֮ɫ˾ġ
Ҷʦܣʲô
ʸһֱգ۾ҶأȻע⵽Ҷɫ֮ϸ΢仯ʵ
Ҷƽĵһ֮ڣ˿ܻһжһ岿䡣ϽҼϽμ֡Ļҿܻһ֡
Ŷ壬һҪȥ𣿡
ʸһ£ͷһ˫峺
ţ
Ҷص˵ͷ϶
ʸһٹҶص飬ҲûҶΪʲôһҪȥԭ֪Ҷɢ޳κ鶼ΪСģҶʦܵĽ͵϶㹻ԭŻμ֡
Һһȥ
ʸ
ҶҡҡͷͬʸҲȥֻһζ岿С֣ûжΣգ뵣ġҸոճΪʿһΪأΪ߲ʵϽȥ޷ƴǡ
ȥ֣Ϊ˿ûлõǱʵΪʿֻҪСЩòҲкܴΣա
ҲȥĻװðգֵ
Ҫǣȥðա
ǣ
ʸһ¡
ҶؼֵĿ⿴
ʸЩǣջ¶ЦðɣСģʱҰ׼һЩ岿ʵȻǿҲһЩ߼ʿڡ

Ҷȥ岿֮ǰҪȥһڳǡҵʥʹĴУõͼֽܲ޺
Žʵһء
ȺȺ֮䣬гԶʹֱӽ׸ڳ֮ȻˣĳԶ봫ͣȻʡʱ䣬ȴʯʿԸ⻨һʯʹô
գҶΪ˽Լʱ䣬ֱӴӰ׸Ǵ͵˶һ޳ǡڳǡ
ڳǣһֺͷ١
ҶشڳĴʹ߳ѯһ·ˣѰҳڵʥʹڡʥʹɹ֮Թǧ֮ǰѾƽϢҲû˻⡣
ҶغױʥʹڳһƬķϵĹ
Щп
ʥʹѾһƬ棬ʯУӲݡֻӴǽԿԻһʱʥħ˵ĵ̡˵ǵʥʹʿ̫࣬ǧѪҲûɢȥûԸƬ¸һɹһֱķš
Ҷ䵭ĴһʥʹͷҲص뿪
ʥʵħ˵ľͷˣȴû㹻ǿʵǿ⣬ʥԪӤʿħ˵ľͷ֮ףҲסϳ
ҪģҵʥĴС
ڳڴСĴߣ֮̽ҶصõһЩڳǶһûʲôľ¥¥


376 ʥʺ
Сڵ¥νϵͣƽʱӦһЩͼλƷơ
΢ЩݵλЩǮƵнס߽ʿֵط˻졣ֻЩɿǮʿڵʿһ֮󣬲ŻֵСطϼϹһⷳơ
¥ϴ֣ƵŮھͱӭյɢá
ʱЩʿǹĵȴЩƵŮ¥¥һȺںʿֺΧһݺӣԼʮʿʿֻˮ׼
֣ʥʵ꾿ʲôͨ
ʥڵĴͨܣм֪ȻǺᣬҲ̫Ҹ˵˵ʥʵжǿֻҪôһħĴͷò룬˵ĴͷǺε˵õۼǰֻзķݡ˵ۼڵĴͨж
ʿмֵ⡣
ϵܣʹɣʥʼȻΪʲôʥʹᱻɹһˣ
Աһ׷ͷΪȻ
С϶֪ʲô
ʿһյƣһڣɫۼʥڣΪҪ׽٣ıץסûԶܺ⣬伣ЩҪļһƼҼڲˣŸʥʹ֡ǲûӡۼֻҪһȺ׼군
ڶѾȥɽǧ꣬ôûжôڣǲӦû˰ɣ
ҿʥʶǱ׽ٸɳˣЩˡ
ȾƺȾƣ
ϵܣľǮǶˡ
ΧʿڶʿǣЦһͨЦȻЩƵŮӣЦǰʿʥʵĴҲ͵Цˡ
ݵʿȻҲ֪ʿڿЦ֡
Ⱥײʿֺ壬Цʱ
һӣС¥⣬۾Ŀɨ¥͸ݵʿϡ
Ҷء
⼸ڳĴߣ˲ʯ̽ϢӳһֺרϢʿе֪һյʿ¥ڣԳʥʵĺᣬҫʥڶʥʹѸǧ꣬ڴǼ٣ǿɾ˭Ҳ
ǷϢʿϸһ´ӵò
ϲؾλʿˡ
Ҷʿһղ˽̸Ļ΢΢пҡͷʥʵĺУ治֪ʥʻ᲻Ĵӻ֮صĵصʥڱĳŭ󱲵ܡ
˾¥
Ҷ̤Ͼ¥һ
ֺ¥ϰʿɲǼ䰲ͬײʿѹ죬ڵһʱ䣬оյ䡣
ʿ
ЩںʿǷ׷תͷҶأо˾ȴη塣
ֵط߽ʿοǵλޱȵĽʿǸ޷ﵽĽײ㡣¥û˭ٺҴʴʣޱȣЩκ˵Ů
ҶطΪ⣬¥㣬ʿ߹ٴһɾϣ¡
ЩλϵʮͽʿĶ²һʿǵ֮ڣߴڵľ޴࣬˿־ѹָоܰ
ǣǸûվ뿪
Աߣǵĸ
λûз֮ǰ˭ҶһƨɡȺʿǽܾ顣ڴģǴҶؿһ֣ôǱǴ־ĵط
ϧҶظûͷ
¥¥һнʿԽʿܵѹᣬҶسھ¥ϲܹڵĲӣ衣
ǰҪʲôˣ¥ֵһ׺ֱĲȣ鱫ˣ׵ҩΪģǶ룬׺Ŀְ֮͡ڣһˡ
λϲޱȵ¥ΪҶض¥⣬νϧѪ
һλǰС¥˵ȥӣС¥Щײʿм䣬϶ܴպ⣬϶𱬡
أߡ
Ҷ΢΢ЦЦ¥뿪
ǣǰ
¥ҶԣЩʧ˿
Ҷһ裬ЦƺղţԳʥʵĺˣ֪Ǽ٣
¥㣬ڵͽʿѻȸû˭վ𻰡
ǵĿⶼмݵʿ֮ͬɫ
ԭλݹ¥СطΪʥʵλϵ˵ùҡײƭŪƺȺҲͰˣȻһʿˡ
ʿɫʱһ䣬촽һ£ͷ첻ԣͷͺ˼ҾơȻڵͽʿľ֮̾УȻܳ˾¥Ҵ˾¥ֵС֮С
ҶزʶѾʿϣʮﷶΧڸ䡣
Ʒ˼֮¼ʯˡ
Ȼ󲻼СһͰСʯݡ
һƣʯŸ֨򿪡
ʿɫ԰׵վʯڡƺ֪Լ޷һʿѣԲûдߣƫƧ˵ĵطҶء
ǰСĵȷʥʵĺᣬСĲʥһСС֧ѡʥʹͱǧ꣬ɳԹɢ˵ˣѵССﶼҪϾɱ𣿡
ҶƽŪˡֻ֪һ飬ǷʥʵĿ
ᣡʥʹٵʱЩ伮ͱɹһա
ʿɫ΢䣬쳣ᶨһڷ
Ҷضʿ
ʿļᶨ飬ƺ˵ѵģ
Ҷزѻ֮а޴ӵ֪ʿ˵Ǽ١
а취ܲԳ
Ŷǿϧˡұ룬ʥʵĺ˻ſĻö𵤸ȻûУǾû취ˡ
Ҷһ£ӴУóһöΪŨˮϵ鵤ϧ˵ôһ䣬鵤봢Уתߡ
ǽᡫ𵤣
ʿһоţʧ
ʿҪΪʿǱ֮ʥһ˥䣬ǵʿҪŪ𵤣ǲܵ顣
ʿ𵤣ܹܵ𵤵Զһ鵤ȡ
ǰ
ʿҶתҪߣ󼱣æסⱲΨһһεõ𵤵ĻˣãĽ𵤴ǰ¶һ߹â
ҶаЦ֮£Ȼʲôٶܲ
ͷʵʥʵĿ
ʿҡͷСûС֪ʥʹĿ˭
˭ɱЩ˺ħ˵ɹЩɹҿǲ𣡡
Ҷüͷ
ǣ˱Щɹߵ֮⡣һĿʥʵһϵСǰϽ𵤸ңҸϵ


377 Ͻ
ʿҶͬܵõһĿһö𵤵Ĵȫֵá
ʿ·Ҷظڳǵ֮߹հ䣬ʱǶһǰ
һСͿſڵббּʮɵСڣڷʮһ׵ĵͽ׿ܡ
ԺӵľԳõǿˣԼõĿȵȡЩܺܵͽףʹõԭҲǵ͵εĻ۸ˡ
һ̣ܵҲǸֵһЩʿżˡڵʿ̰ͼˣ򲻻С̹ܡ
ǰˣ
ʿЩ˷ܵƾɵĿǰ
Ҷɨһۣ΢üͷС̵ˣжĿڵƺã޹˿͡
ڣҶ΢΢ȵǣڣŮӡһĸòŮڵ̨̹һرϸü˿̵⡣
һΪ崿Ůһľϣ°ͷһµģ
һСԼʮ߰꣬żŮһһ׵ľܣһͽ׶ϵľϣɫż¶Ϳ֮ɫƺʲô⡣
Ůӣ崿ŮӣҶ̣ܵһʱ𾪣֪롣С̣δнڵʿ
⻹ҶؾԼϢĽǼ֪ųʲô
СŮҶغ󣬷Ϊ򶨡
еĻ첽˹۾һգգҶأλǰҪʲôܣʮֲͬ;ĵͽ׿ܡĿܵĻҲר
ʿҲҶؽĿЩƺЩλŮ档
ŮҶʿɫһ䣬ôˣ
ʿȻʿŮȴЩηηǿЦأⲻãⲻǴλǰ𣡡
תͷҶؽܵλأλŮ񣬶Ůʥһĵϵˡ
Ҳǵľ˾ˣ
Ҷɵ
ʿæСʵ󣬶׵ֳֻΪ߷㣬ԳաʥʵĿҵλŮ
ŮҲԼɫԳʿҶصĿʮɣõȷϺˣҲͻһƤëѡСһЩһ׵ĵͽ׿ܣǰǿˣ߾ǡ
ʿأλǰЩͽ׿ܵġǲǻ߽׿ôǰľǸ߽׿
Ƕø߽׿ܣֺαػС
Ůɫá
ʿЦأŪˣǰЩӻ˵ѧҵĸ߽׿
Ůһָʿıŭ˾ˣǣﲻŹģ
ʿɲԸеæ¶ɫأҲԹϾˡôܻԼŮԼأλǰ˸߽ףҪҵĿⲻǼǴ٣һ߽Ǹֲ߽Կ
˵ˣûнϵΪʵ޷ΪĿʦҲн׵Ϊèĵͽ׿ܻУ²õ߽׿ǵҲûκãüǮˡλǰǡ
Ҷһʮֲͣǵļ£Ҵ˴ǵĸ߽׵Ŀи߽׿ֱӿǮ
ҶЩɣ߽׿治ڡûеĻɲ˷ʱ䡣
ŮʮӲǸҵĿУڳǣ洦Ѳ߶ӣǰȻǽʿǿȡᣬҲδôס
ҶЩЦãǿȡ֮ôλŮţ»ǼеɫҲûûʥʺ˵ˣֻϧΪ̫һ㡣
ʱڵŮӣѾѣǿ첽˹
λǰҵɲһ˵㣬ǿɶȨҵȥ֮ǰҵĸ߽׿ͼֽһΪġֱλãʥʹĴ߽׼ͼֽͭÿһݡ
ΪҴŮ񣬵֪ҶҪͼֽ¶ϲ֮ɫ̫ƫģͼֽáͭͼֽҡͼֽ˶áͼֽСÿ˶һֿ֪ǰܷӦǼǿϴӦĻҽÿԿǽǰ
ŮҲͷͬ
ãǿ
Ҷһ˿ŮӣЦλŮӣŮ˵ܹõеͼֽͭͼֽҲ
㣬ôҴ֮
СŮĹġ
ȴЦӯӯٺãҲפաһöפյĻСŮԸݿ͸ǰ
פյ
Ҷؾȵһ£û뵽
൤ŵ䷽ܶ࣬ﵹפյ䷽
ǣ䷽ҪнҩΪӴ󣬸ߴ֮߰ࡣռҩ̫ѣֻҪǮȥˡѴϡ˵Ѷȣڽ𵤣ȴȽҪСܶ࣬ϼΪټ
鵤פյĶ֮Чڳֻм鵤̲
ҶȻפյ䷽ϸҲ䷽ӣҪ鵤Ļǳķʯ
ʱòϣûҪȥ鵤
ʿձ仯ΪֱӵĹϵΪԽߣòı仯Խ
һԪ㣬һʿڶʮԪʱôò׷˶ʮģ
ʿжԪôʮԪʱ򣬲Ż׷˶ʮģࡣʿƽдԼԪһԪʱ򣬲Ż൱ʿʮģ
ȻˣһʮԪųɹôòɻʮòøᡣ
ܵ˵ᵤԽĻôʿòܳõı״̬
ҶڶʮԪʱʮԪʱᵤǳ磬òһֱ׷˶ʮģδиı䡣µð֮òŻὥı䡣
ʸơ
ͱڵΪδ֮ڣౣ쳣òòפյȻҲ뵽ȥѶȲڽ𵤵ҩ
һöפյ
Ҷأ˫Ŀ⡣ĲȻ鵤ս˥ϵΪפգȴֻпפյЧ


378 ķݿͼֽ
ã֮һöפյͭͼֽҶЦ۾˵ͷһöפյܻͭͼֽ˵һʺܻĽס
ʲôǷҲҪһöפյ
תͷһԵЦ˵
СŮӵȴһЩ˭ȢңңҿԿǽҵͼֽǰԿһ¡
˵⻰ʱɫִ٣崿Щɬ۵ĶӶˣĿҶء֪Լݸʿ̫󣬲֮λֻܹһѾ㹻ˡ
л񰮣Ѿң֮⣬޷쵽¡
ҶԭһΪţ˻ʱޱȡ
֮⡣黹ð죬פյֻҪڣûвӦġΨ飬
ʸΪȺȢ˳ʦһȻδ˵֮Ļ֪жôС
ɫȻȥҶ
أأʲô
ʿЩæŮ˵

ܾĸɴ䣬Ȼŭʿλ㣬ǳ崫ıʮֵĲܡʿˣеǳĲڡ
ʿ̵ŮȻҲûޣֻεЦЦҶ˵ǰСȥԺӣﻹһݽĿͼֽ
Ҷص˵ͷ
λãҲСĺԺһͨʯľլӡһ긾ˣںԺæµ
ʿ첽긾ˣͼֽ顣ʿ˵Ҷ֮ɫȻ䣬磬Ҵ֮ôˣܴ
ӣҲ밡ⱲֻôһˡǴҳΪʿض񱨴㡣ЩֵĶվһ°ǻλǰպбλǰȻԸ߼üǮǺ鰡㲻Ը⣬ҲΪǿǿǣǲǣ
ʿȰ֮
ҶҲڣֻվСԺڣĵšܸʯΪۣҪĸ߽׿ͼֽߡ
ɫãɵǰλվԺڵĽʿɫڻ
ʿһһۣ̾һʥʴеһҼѾȥϼѾûжֻʣã˵׶Ͼ˴е̻
ó֮ϵ⼸شĿͼֽ绹ǻյСټȥҲûκ塣ΪŮЩױ÷ޡҲһССĿܵǿ
ðɡʮ򣡡
ҧҧڿڡ
ļǮߡʮƷʯеĽĿͼֽʮ򣬶ײĵͽʿ˵ѾһĴǮ
⼸ݿͼֽı
شΪ
Ѿ˾ȴ޿ɻڸġ
ʿ񣬴ϲֻҪ˴Ӧôˡ
Ҷͬϲɫ
ɴСһСԺסչأ¯
ķڼеĶʮƷʯֲפյҪҩģ¯
С֮
ҶϲõĴ˳УһСƿפյһʮפյ
еһ񣬻еͭͼֽ
ڳڵĴ鵤̣ÿʮۼۣʮʯ󣬽еĶʮʯˣеĽͼֽ
ʿһĥӲȰ֮£ҶŮûֶܼã뵽὿գպ޷ǳҪһפյĿͼֽ
أȴʼղϽͼֽ
ҶڳǣҪΪͼֽûõͼֽˣ
ˡλúʿļȰ˵֮£ڹԹԳͬ⽫ͼֽһöפյͶʯļǮҶء
һҶڵĶʮƷʯδ٣򡣶һʣ˶פյԼķݼͼֽ
öˮϵ𵤣´͵ʿֵʿϲΪ˱ⱻ˶ϣձ뿪ڳǣ伣֪ȥ

ҶصķݿͼֽȻҲٹʿҼλõĶ
ڳСԺڣһ֮󣬷Ϣֱ֮ӿʼչء
ķݡͼֽ˵ͼֽʵǷǳĽƬ
һСÿһŴԼаƴһںڵľƬһŻƳγεľͭƬһɫƬһŽɫؽƬͿͼֽЩƬڡ
ҶͷϲãһƬȡУƬ
ķͼֽƽ𵤼ܡ
ҶǰҲٵķȻ֪һ𵤼ĴͿߣĵʱԶһҪϾܵͰԶһ㷨౶
ˮ׼Ҫʮʱ䣬²Ƴһ߽𵤿⻹ûðѰԭϵʱϣûôĸ߽ԭƿܡ
ҲûȥƿߣΪһʱ䣬Ҫȥμ岿жȥƽ𵤼ܡ
ҶĿģֻԼǾߴʥĲ޺á
һ߽𵤿ܣҪһ߽𵤿ܣࡣ
ߴɣֻؿڴһȭͷȥڲĹؼλʹ޷ٶҪĲλؿڵһС֡
Ƭһҫ۵ɫâչڡ
ҶصʶɿС
Խʿգ£κηӦ
һΪ㣬Ǿ޷סϵľػϵܶж졣
ɳԷٿؽɳײԭϣ籩Ĵԭ϶һӷĿ֮Ч
ؽ𣬿ûκȡɵİ취ֻԪӤʿĶ
ҶطɿĲզࡣ
Ķ֮ǴɳҪԷٿסɳγһɳѶֻ·һĴ


379 
Ҷʶͼֽ飬ʱ֮󣬲Ŵ˳
ɳҪʹýɳɳһֽϵ߽ϣͨϵϸؽо޴ĲڳڣؽѣҪɳֲϻǽΪ׵ġ
Ҷȥһ˸һһӵĽɳ
ƧעСԺڣһ򵥵󷨷СԺķϢⱻʿڵССƾɣΪͽʿסҲ̫Ļи߽ʿ
⸽סļͼʿСԺ״֪֮и߽ʿڴ˵ؾסȻ֣ҲţҶ¡
ҶСԺչڴϢ˰ʱָѵ״̬ŽͼֽɳʹƣӴȡ˳ЩҪõƷ
ȡ
ߴɵ۾侲׵Ҷصǰµɫ󣬽ᣬȴΪ̣һصĿϢ
ֻһͨʿվǰеһǿҵѹȸСǽ𵤳׵ʿҲеһԵѹ
ҶؿŽĿ¶֮ɫ
ʥ껹һʿһȺ֮صʿððʧʧ洳޷ᵽŽʲô˳
ѾǽʿȻ֪߿ߵǺεȵĿ¡һ߼˵нʥʿ
뵽ðʧҶر㲻ðЩ亹ãʥʱڱ֮ڳԼͻҷˡ
Ҷض񣬲ٶ룬ĿΨһĵطؿڰݴ
һȭӡȭӡĴСӦһ˵ӡ
ҶЩţ˭һȭȻؿڴԼ֮ֱڲʯؼ۲λ⵽ƻӶŽȫ̱
ƾԪӤʿҲ򲻳˰ԵһȭߣҲٻֱʹȭͷսǿʿǿ壬ܡ
Ҷɻ󣬰棬ȴ벻ʲô˽򻵵ġ
Ҫĵطλˡ
֣һС
ǰʢŽɳĺڣһɳΪһɳɵĴֵָĽɫɳǰ𻪲á
ҶɫȻĬĬһȻ䣬ĳһӿ𣬰סɳԽɳҵա
˫֣ϵĴ
ɳ֮£ܻȻΪһŸµĽɫҺ塣չڵ¶ȼ
Ҷɳɿһָ
ɫ壬ΪһߣܵĿڲڲ
ž
ܵ˼ҵײɫҺײݵڱڡ
ȻҲκα仯
Ҷز
ϵвƼǿһϣ߽ײϣҪȥŽ׵Ѷɺܴͼֽ˵ⴵɳҪʱ䣬ܽı״
ʱҶ«һƣĵķɳʹɳҺİݴĹУһһ޸ݴ
˶ʮ֮ؿڰݴűɳҺ޸ƽ̹
ǣָ֮ǰ״
ģڲࡣ
һۣǶʯʯ۵ΧŴΪӵ΢󷨣Щһֱ쵽֫ͷʯЩ󷨣͵ĸλ
ؼλͬҲǳľܣʯжҪڣλ˲޷ͣǲᶯġ
λһһʮĲͼֽ˿޸
ҲҶ֮Ը޴ĴۣҲҪõͼֽԭûͼֽЩôһ¡
Ҷز֪ӵܵģֻҪͼֽϵ˵ȥˣûҪôࡣһ߿ͼֽһ水ͼֽҪڲṹ
ҶɫأɳҺΪϸСѾ΢¿̳
ֳɳϸСĽɳĻΪĴִָҲֻз˿ϸСڲ
ȫע޲󷨣ֹʮա
һʱ
գ
һȣһȵĽɳҺڳ˳ˮ򣬽ȴ̣ȻҶǰĺڡ
Ѿϡ
ҶһڵķѾĵ߰˰ˡƣ޷һ޲ꡣ׻ָ
ֻҪʯװڣܼˡȻˣɲǵͽʯģҲƷʯС
ҶذһƷʯ밼ڡ
Ȼʶвٿء
һ£ͻȻƳɵ˫ͫһĻâһ˶ɳǹתͷĿⶢҶϡ
ҶϲĿܶһûս漴Լӳ˽֣³Ϊɷǰڳȫ̬
쬣
΢΢һȻһ˦ǹͶ˳ȥΪһ⣬Ҷء
ž
ҶزδվԭأԽӲһǹɣųͣͨڵأؿڱһѹסڵѪڣ̲סеĿϲ
죬̫ˣǿĹֻһҲһʿòʹȫеֵ
꣡
һ֮˫ͫâѸٵȥֹͣĶ
Ҷһ㶣ʶ̽ڵ״׹ڵǿƷʯѾ˰ķʯһͺĹе
Ҷز¶ЦպҪʹ¼ΪǮ
ҵüƷʯ֧ս
Ҷ룬ԼĶʮƷʯȫڶѻΪ߽׵ļƷʯ֧ս
Ҫһʱ䡣
ҶЩƺۡ
û뵽ŽʯǱҪ²ʹʯӴģͻܲˡ
Ҷ뵽ԼĽŵޣɰбȽһǵӡ
ȻܱʿʹЧȴȻͬ
ԦʿʹޣʿʹʿʹĿܣвͬķЧ
޵ŵܶ࣬սʱȫʿķʶ޻Ỻĳɳӵͼ޻Ϊ߽ޣԪƣԪ
ĳЩķţ޽пƣսʱ޶ʿúܴ
ҲԵȱ㡣һܵˣеʱʧءǰߣ߻ŭһеĳȥо
ߵŵ㣬ǸûԼʶߣҲʧأսη󲿷ֱϡãֻҪܶʿʶĿǰ壬ٲݡ
ȱǣʯһʯûˣҲͲˡԽǸ߽׵ĿߣĵʯԽӴ־Ž׿ߣһƷʯҲһ¹
ȻˣʿʯҲ߷ԷһһԶԶԦʹѣ̫ķ
ڼ̵ʱڱľʿķʿսϵĴǳĲ
û˷ǿʿҲʵ
֮ҪʿʶпƣỺĳɳ޵ŵ㡪Ҳпߵŵ㡪ȱԼʶη
˵޺Ϳߵŵ㡣
ƣȿ߻ѣҲֻйʿƳ߽ĽȫһʿԵõ
⣬ԪһԪһԪˣ޷ͻƵĻ᳹ĸ޷ߵĽײ㣬һ
ܣԪơ޵ҲΪס
˵ޡܡиȱŵ㣬˵˭˭ȫʵ
ҶڽŽ޺á
ʹǳʯ˵ҲѾϲ¡
ӱչ˳СԺ⣬һܡ
֣ˡħ˵ɹʿһͬμ֮սҲ˼ְաȻϽ𵤸߽ʿҲһս֮ڱƵĶӡ


380 
Ҷ󷨣СԺ뿪ڳǡ
ͻȻסڳһջİҲ֪ڲڡ
Ȼ˵ѰеڳǣѾ˶԰ϲ峤ϵĳŵҪˡ
ǣ峤ڿջڲܲʣ뿪ĴæҲûкҲеⲻȥ
Ҳ֪Ůôˣϣû²źá
ҪȻ֮Ůɲı⡣
ҶһתͷżǸΣٲǰڳǵʱסǼͿջ
ǼջСվſڣ۾ЪϢͻȻҶس֣󾪣æǰڡҪ֪ƽͨĿջλܼٿջǿջҡ
ǰһŮסɻڿջ
Ҷص
ŮӣһŮڱջס˺ܳһʱ䣬׳԰׺ȣס˴Լһ꣬Ϊ⣬ˡŮɣ
ջСϸ룬ѹǵúλŮġʱλ滹һʿأİ֮ɫ֪ҲҪȰƹŮӡ
ȥʲôطˣ
Ҷ΢üͷûС
Сĵ֪һЩڸһûһЩһ˻졣СǰЩ죬·סСʵǲ
Сæ˵
Ҷת뿪ջջС˵ȥ
ڳǣһ޳ǣŻԻΰɹͷֵֵӴĳǳڣͬڴСЩСＫΪңסŴĵͽ׵ʿ˺׷ˣֻܿһЩܵײĻǮԼֵطŴ֪С֯ļΪ
ջС˵ôһط
ҶջԶ洦ɼõʯݣؽĿж˾ηĵͽʿԼͷˡĽﻹż¶һЩ̰Ŀ⣬ЩĿһҶأ㾪˻ȥҲð
üͷĸ
ҵĵطûаȫԣڳάʿѲ߶Ӷֵط֡
Ϊﲻס߽ʿҲûʲô˼ɣһ沽ţһ߷ſʶƬɨ˹ȥΧѰ䡣
һҶƺҵʲôɫ¶һĨЦһΣжŶȥ

Сˮۣ
磬С椳̫Ưˣô˵᲻λǰʿŮС
ɵҪǰŮ˵Ǿˣ˭ҵǰպúһ
һɫĺӣԶԶĸһСŮ档
ͷλֵĴ󺺣һʿϴһаЦ
棬һʿڲɫЩηη
ŮǵƯĹֵŮк̨
ڳǣʿߣһܶĳλĺˡҪǲСԪӤģŶܰ˸
һСĵˣǿ֮ء
ƯŮôûк̨
ϧǴִ󺺿ŮԣӾͲʹˣĿȰӴϿŮӺһ·β浽Ҫû˵ĵط֡
ʿΡ
ŮƺҪؼҵӣаһŮסĻӦûʲôǿӲĺ̨Ŷԡ򲻿סĵط
ʿ뵽ƼŮΣͷһȣӲҲ
Ƕβһ·̡
ŮͻȻ˸٣ɫҴҼӿ˽ŲͼǶˡǣһССŮı°ʿĸ١
ʿŮһƾɵͬȫʯݣûг·סһЩ׷ˡ
ƫƫطʮֵƫƧ㺰ƺҲû˴
С椣أ
󺺴֣С椾Ȼ˱׾ԼŻܵͬﱻǸסˡ
㡫˭ʲôҪȻҪˡŮʱȫûǸŵİγ棬ļͷŶʿ󺺣ڲ
£үú֣֮үȥۻúô㡣үǾܹܣû⡣
Ц󲽱˹ȥ
ŮӦǸʿûаŮе浱һ¡ų⸱ģղȣжߵս᲻СԼƤˣǿɲˡ
ҶشʱݳΣϢȫϢĳ棬һĻĪ⣬ջ¶ԵĿЦ̾һ
û뵽Ȼڳ顣붯ȥɱԺսʿǣǾһˡ
ûж֡
룬ı仯
ΪǴ󺺾߰ɾʱ򣬰ɫˣͻȻʧ¶ޱȵЦݣŴһĿڡ
ӦԼЩԾ

ԵʯУŴ󿪣ĳʮͽʿ鵶ǹһ½󺺸ŰΧסض˺·
ڳнշ޷Ϸɵġ
λȥˣ
Ů¶˵һЦһţ㹥Ǵִ󺺡


381 
СԵʯڳһȺֳ鵶齣ʿʿٳٶۣҲ֪ϵ壬ŮյСз
Ǵֺԭ˷̰ɫѾʧתŭʿȻһȺ⻹˵áһĴɳһɫɽ
ǣ˽룬ôüʩչ
ֺһ㣬ˣȡʱ䡣
ŮȻһԾڵ˴ֺĸǰ׺һӣһ뻡顱Ļڴֺؿڡ
ֺʱоؿڴ˺ѷεʹͷȻԼ̴ֱؿڣͷ

ֺؿڱһѪ䣬⵽شȴ׺һָǱոͷɵĵͽ׷ɽŮӭ漤˹ȥ
Ů޾ɫһܷɽ˫ƳڵϣһŤһ˫ѩ׵ȻΪɫ絶ǰɨ˹ȥ
ֺ뵽ŮȻ˹ŹֵĹδܱܿŮȻžž˶ʱ紥һ㣬Σ˳֮⣬ˤڵϣѾȫ߶ϣѪһأҲ
Ůûа֣ʿûһֶοʩչ󻼣һ߹ȥžĲ˴ֺԹϣΪһ̯ʺԽ
нʿ
ںİʿһ¶ɫ˿ֲһȣнʿܴȻʿûб֮£Ҳ޷סнʿȫػһһʿнʿĶ֡ǱСڡ
ɫ쳣ѿŮӸʿȻһĺǣҪһڽ£ء
֮תҪӣΧһȺѾ˹
ʿ֮£ٿŷЩʿɱȥҪɱһѪ·С
ǣʿ̫ˣʮôֲʿһӵϣܸŷҪĻ֡мηʿɴඪе鵶ס˫˫ţֹٿطɽǹ֮
ʰǴֺתͷںʿɱİʿĿ֮ɫ͵һ˦棬һɫâ
꣡
Χмİʿһ͸ŵѩʿֱƣʱһ͡ʿϲҵҽգ۹򽫰ʿѪࡣ
ʿûӳСϡͿͱһȺҵǹɵ
һѪս֮󣬵ͽʿ˵ҲкüֵǮҲûΪȥ˸ʲô
ʿвٴֵǮĶʿ۰Ͱ͵Щƻûȥ
ǰȥʿϵֵǮĲƻʹ˳˺˴˺ѣʯͽ׷ͲϵƷΪ⡣
Ƿ˰ɣ˵ֵܶһЩ
һʯԼʣµĲƻɢһȺʿ
л㣡
һȺͽʿϲЩƻһգϷֵһɶ
ҶΣվԶһĻ
ԭЩİڳܴܲסǿЩȴֻʣ¿ЦƺһСȺͽʿͷˣɱԽ
Լ̫ˡ
Ҳڳڻúúõġ
ңת˲ɱʿֶΣƺļ죬ʿ޷˫ػȻͻϮĳɷ֣ԼĿֲ
̶̵䣬ʵ˲١
ڳɣҲûҪȥ
Ҷ뵽ҡҡͷ뿪
ʱȴһӵʯǳ⣬С뿪ƺҪȥʲôط
ҶЩ棬Щʯȥʲô
ԶԶĸں档
ȥһڳǵһƬĳǳ֣ʿڶ࣬żԼʿѲ߶ӾȻĵط
һ鵤¥̡
ʮͽѪ鵤
ͳװʯĲڹ̨ϣ
Ѫ鵤ǰЩŸ˺üʮӿϻǮǵ̵һ鵤̴ӣɨһ۰ģٺЦ
ô鵤ҪҸҼô
һۡ
ûû͵Сɶû˵
߻æ֣ӹ̨ȡʮöͽ׵Ѫ鵤ƯŮǮ࣬϶ǳĳɹĳλʿŮ̡һСߣǸҵ
ʿõѪ鵤ڳʵ
ʿȥѪ鵤
Ϊһ޳ǣɼʿŮûǮЩŮϡҲʿ׼ͼרѪ
ѪɳΪԴ󲿷ֶǵͽѪ鵤
ȻˣгСֻһЩ鵤̣Ѫ鵤ۡ
ߣҲû⵨ӣ
Ѫ鵤Сպá鵤ֵ̣ĽֵϡԼʲôͻȻͷһʲôûз֡
ɻ󣬻ڸԼֵϿٴ󣬿ʼûз˸١
ɻ󲻽⣬һ̽һСڣʧ
Сʱ֮ڣһСԺڡ
⸽סĶǴˣСԺڻвٵĵͽʿС˲ʮСϵʮꡣ˼׷·Ȼ԰ʮ𾴡
СԺլϲһöѪ鵤ȻģĿʼϥ
㣬˶ʰһƬǿˡ
ǸɵʿϢ˳ȥ߽ǱߵļСŻʿ׼ͶˡҪҲ룬ǰᣬнһٶĵͽʿˡ
ʮСкӿլ࣬ĳݡ
ǵȻҿǰϲ峤Ŵƣ¶С˵ɽϣǼ͵˯
ʿֲһ˯Ҳһ𣡺αôĴ
ɽϵС壬ʱü
ʿ֮ôΪҪǶһȲˣ۵¶ɣȻ˵˴ȴһ£ͻȻֳһӵӰ
һֱΪԼ츳ѣڰϲ˿ɼһܳΪǿʿ
ǰӣ֪ʵǶôС
ԦڴϷһ꣬Ҫˣȴ޶ԣոһյĴ
ʵ㱻һȺΧҲܳԶԶʿȴû˿ֹͣͷ
һĶɺոһյͻȻ˹
츳ʲôǡ
ǲͣġܿѪ鵤ѸǿԼʵԶ׷ĲֻԽԽԶԶ޷
һ뵽бһĪĻ⡣


382 ǰϦ
ҶΣСԺ澲á
ڷһ˵ľȣ𶯡
ðž޴ķȥʿȻʯȫѪ鵤Ϊ
˼
״ͼиŮǺܲԸģ߶һ׸˷ʱ;ԣֻŵѰ
ڿ޶ۣ֪ҪԡȻôЩ˼ֶʯҲ˵ֻûҵȷķʽѡ


ã͵Ϯ죬ӡ
ͻȻСԶҵϽɱ¾С
СԺһ壬忪ԺţײײլɫŴ󺰣㣬ˣɱˣ
ʲôˣ
ɫһȻվ
ǹͷˣʮ滹ˣһȺˡǰǰڱǵһƻǸˣǶǣߣ
役󺰡
¶ɫʵɵסʿ
æţլг
СԺ棬ѾһƬ죬ΧʿһҲߣŹͷɫʿͷʮʿѾСڶĵͽ壬ɱСԺ⣬СԺΧס
飡
ͷһˣ߽ʿһţڳԺڡ
Ӧþǰˣڶסˣ
ʿɨһۣ¶Цʿʮʿһ֣С֮⣬ɱ⡪
ߣ
СԺڵĶʮʿŭڰǰ棬ֳֵܲǹ˹ȥЩʿսɱһɽսֻһ棬ʿ˲أһ浹ܡ
䣬棬ٺˡ޷׼ʿԿֻߡдʹ˽һİᣬ⵽ԵĴ
ʱȴһߡ
һӴѹѹСԺڵļʿʮʿͻȻ֮׹ߣɫ䣬ֲѹʿ˲ѹſ¡
棡
Ǽʿ𷴿֮⣬㿴һҫ۵ĽɫâСԺ𣬽žıը
һӰСԺһ
Žɫҫ۵Ĺâɢȥ
ʧ
ͷʮĺ죬߽ʿѾһѪ
Ǽʿʿѹȫǿ־;šǲɵ׳Ҳ׹нţǵġҲ֪˭һѽȻһȺʿĳСԺ̼ܵĲӰ
ֻʣһȺ͵ʿ鵶齣֪롣

Ƭ֮
ڳǵĴֱӳڱİ׸ǡ
ҶĪ⣬ǰ档
ݳίں棬ͷҿ͵͵һҶصıӰּ֮˵ϲáոһ鷳ɲұ¶
ɹƭ굹ѧ᲻ٶ⼸꾿ɱ˶ʿǵôʿҪɱ㣿
ҶЦ
Ҳû١ҵʯ
۴аָͷûȴҲԹң˺ûʯֻұˡ衯ˡ
ҶؿһίģҲ𱸡
ǣһᱻɱھڰ׸סɣ׸һҡ൤һλʿЩֻʯȻЩҲˡżпջ׸ǣɻʯֱӸңҰѪ鵤ʡºܶǮȥٸ
á
¶ϲɫ
Ҷؽŵ൤ȥʡǳ鷳ͻȻһˣˣӺ壬˽٣
Ӻ壿֪һЩ
˵壬¶ɫǰ״Ͼ˵飡Ӻʮ֮һʵǿǾϮĲ壬Ժܶ岿壬ǳӺ塣
ŶӺ徭٣飿
Ҷ
Ȼˡʿ֮ǰ֮ҲսӺҰϲҲкĳԹǺܾǰˡ
˵
ҶصЩ׹ɽ֮侭Ѫս岿֮ҲĳͻԹʿ壬һ
Ӻ壬ʲô֮
Ӻ壬ƺսо飬Ӻսںϡ

Ҷػص׸ǣ֮ȥһ˰׸ǵϽ
֮ڳ岿֮£ѾЩա֮ǰϽСĻɢʿ޷μ岿֮ս
Ͻ̸һʽϽΪϽʿ
ݶҶصļ룬ϲ
Ҷطػ복
нʮµʱ䡣
ڻ복Ҷغͻʸƽ׼
ȻŽѾ޺ãɱﵣҶزóʹãⱻʿϡؼʱ򣬲Żóʹá
ԣ׼һЩĹֶΣǷǳҪġ
ԭڶѻһСĻƳɰʱѾȵһСƳɰࡣһСƳɰ̵࣬꣬˵ľ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ÿճʱɱޣҪϵԪЩֱ׸ǣίһЩʿȥɱͽϵޣϵ
׼ȫ֮Ҷڵڣʼ𣬽ƳɰۻɻɫҺ塣ϵԪƳɰ֮УĵıϵԪ
ʸ֮࣬׼ȫ׵ı˿׻żǰ׸ڲɹһЩ߽׷ȻЩǣҶؼȻǰȥֻȫЭ
˶æµţΪ岿ܶ׼
´Ҵҡ
һΣʮ¹ȥ
µʱƣڸ˴󲿶ӳ岿֮ǰҶƳ˵ıԪ񳾽


383 
׸ǣϽɹ
Ҷ֮ǰϽͽռϽʿϡϽݴɵЭ飬ҶؼϽϽμӺ֮ս
Ҷֵܣ˴Ӻ壬ϽһжʮʿμӣͰˡϽִڼ䣬Ƕ˭Υնࡣ
һϮݣЦŽһ齣ƽҶء
£ڽʿӳȥִҲСֻҶظû㹻ݵϽʿҶصΥ⹬岻ʿ
ҶؽϽ⹬ֳһâ϶һϽӳССıʶҶ΢΢棬˵ͷɨϽʿһۣɻ󣬡֣жʮʿ˭Ҫȥ
ҲȥոսᵤãԸҲȥһ£һЩսľ顣
תͷһֱĬЦӣ˴γҶֵΪϽʿӳΪӳ辡Эɴ˴񣬴ϽӺ塣Ҫ˲Ҳڽ
磬֪ˡ
ЩƲֵ˵ȻûаݵĻȥ࣬治֪ô룬ȻøһˣͬǽʿѵͲܵô
ݶԸеΣЦҡҡͷҶصҶֵܶൣһҾͲԶˡλɣɹʿѾȾˡ
Ҷص˵ͷδԡӳ޻˵ϾϽʿϤиϽĽʿҲá
߰ɣ
ҲҶأֱϽʿ
Ͻһʿ¶Ϊ֮ɫ׷ҶءҶӳϻɱϽ˵һжķԸ
ȴϽϺĳԱλСɵﲻ𣬷Ժûùӳԡ
Ҷɫƽûκαʾ˭ָӡ
ϽʿҶ̬ȣ׹ҶǲλܼҴСָȨˣ漴Ͻ׸ǵĴɱȥ
Ҷزĸں档
ָʿϽʿҲķԸӳȻҲ޷ϵϽӳ֮УҶѾΪϽеˡ
˶Ӻ´ﵽɹս
ɹ׷ɳԵĽʿһȺʿս
ʵϣӴ˵ֻһСģжһСƬȺڵ岿䡣Ϊ˵ʵޣԲɹ࣬ʿҲϵ͡ҶոճΪ𵤵ʿҲʸμӡ
׸дʹ󣬿ͨıԵ졣ɹʿＯϣм崫͡
żʱٽɹʿѸٶ
׸Ͻ۱﹬ȵȣʮɹʮʿİʿȺִ׸ǵĴ󸽽Ｏᡣ
ɹĽʿǼ棬໥ѡ
ҶزʶЩʿĬĬĴЩʿʵ
ѾаţÿɹֻʿΪӳжʮʿΪԱ
Щʿм䣬һ벿ֶǽһĳס
һЩǽнס
𵤸߽һҲûп
⿴ЩʿΪҲʵս֪˭ǿ˭
Ȼɹǰζ֣ɶԽʿĳʽս顣Ļɹֱɳ𵤸߽׵ʿж϶˳һЩ
ҶɹʿȴӺʿŸɹ£Ͻʿ˹
ףãСôϽˣϽĶӳ
ӿҶأ۾Ҷ϶һϽӳıʶҶشϽʿеʮֵ𾪺Ͳ졣Ÿһû˳۵ļһѾϽˣתҲ̫˰ɡλ۱ӳƽƽˡ
ҲϽӣ
Щ˵
ҶصһЦΪ⡣
Ա߰зЩǸ⣬ȥ﹬ڸֿǲδӦǼϽ
΢΢죬ȴܿĳҶЦЦƺҶسΪϽʿûн黳
ƳҶһۣ޶ԣһţϽӡһ뿪ɹʿһ̸
Щɹһ񿡷ݵĽʿڣΧڡǵвˣ⻳ɵĳҶؿȥɻϽӳôǿŷǳİҶأ
ҶЩεԭվһΣڴ󸽽Ϣɹʿֹ֣Ҳû˻Ͻʡ
С죬ɹʿ½ִ
Щ˱ɹʿ԰׸ĽʿάΪ졣ΪȻߣȴĺˣΪ˴Ĵ죬ֱָʿж
ɹĶʮӳΪС죬ָӸɹʿ
λѣεĵ̾ڶһƬСȺӺ塣һ죬һ͵岿䡣ȺʿʵԼ岿ʵһ롣⣬ħ˵ʿһжϣҵʵ൱
Ȼ˺岿֮սδʧһʿսܵĿܡҵսܣ˻ɳһʿ岿֡
άɫص˵
ά֣岿ʵôǿ𣿡
ڲٵĽʿ¶ɫ
Ǿۼ˶ʮɹʮʿʵѾǳǿǿζ岿жûжδ̫岿䵱һ¡
άĵ˵㣬ڳ֮ǰѾҸ롣ǰɳһλн׵̽ǰõֻ̽СıԵһ㱻٣ֻԪ˻ݴ˵̽͹ƣƬСȺڵ岿ĹģСڶ߽ʿȺʿδؾܽǳ¡ԣλѲҪģ˵档Ѿˣ
˵Ľʿ໥һۣЦܵ˴˴ֵѹ
Ϲʿ֮սȱѪսսĳ̶ֳҲ˶ʿԤֵʵȻɳʿԿӶõʵս

׸ǵĴʹ󣬹âһƬ˸ɹʿ½ӴʧһȺʿٴγֵʱѾڱһΪʯĴ졣
ҲǱ˵һ͵죬һеȵĳǳڣ˴
ͱ뿿Уɺˡ
ǳʿȺʿӴڳ֣𾪣۷׷סƽȻҲнʿ֣ǼһȺͬʱִӿҪˡ
ڽʯʿһƬɫ֮УһȺʿ˳ǣ׷׳ɽΪٵɫâնɺС
Ƿ˴Լ֮·һ㣬ʮСĺ«״С
άֹͣ·ɽóһͼᣬСͷʿ˵«Ӧþڴ˵غħ˶ȺɹʿϣȻȥǸ岿ڵСȺ
ʿ׷˷С£ʱЪЪš⼸ղͣķʿû£ʿѾЩ⣬ÿϢһ¡
άͳ֮磬Ȼһʿڶ࣬«һƽʱҲܰȫȴûеġɹĶӳɹʿΧʮﷶΧ䣬ⷢ⡣
ҶڵѡһҰʯϥĬĬһȺϽʿУȻϽӳж˶ʮλС֮һȴ˵ȡŰ鶼ˡʱһãûȥעҶء
Լʱ֣и𾯽ʿѶ
ħ˵ʿˣ
ϵ˵ʿǷ׷վ
ֻһȺٵâ֣߳ԼٶȷЩâħ˵ʿȺħʿǽ𵤻˶һ
Ȼ˫ɳһ£˭Ҳûռˡ
άϵܣò
ħߣΪ׵һƲӵľ꺺ӣĿǸֹĽɫߵά磬ɹЦ˹
֣
ά¶֮ɫ
ħϾͷĵϵϺ
ǾʶΪ硣
˺ħ˵ʿ«ϡ
˺ħʿ֮ĹϵΪ΢ԨԴϣ˶һУмľʮ֮Ϊ棬ξҵĳͻʿ
ҲΪֺ֣ս
ǧ֮ĳͻ٣żжȴɱƽֳ̬塢塣
ڳǣ˺ħˣɹĺĵӶ죬ͻ򲻻֮¶ˡ
Ӻ壬˵ĸ߲һִ֮󣬾һʿ
˵˵ʿ˿̾ۼ«죬ʮ΢
Ҷسħ˵Ľʿȥ˵òĬĬ
Ҷһеȵǡ
ħʿȺУһλǳϤʿʷλ֮صʷѾǽһʿȥȴΪ͵һȺħʿмԵĬĬţȫûջ֮һĸߵ̬
ʷʱҲڴ˵ʿ˵Ҷأɶһ£һ֮ɫûʲôʶûȥк
ҶҲֻоȶѣûκα飬ɨħ˽ʿ˵Ľʿڶ࣬ʮָӣû¶Լħ˵Ľʿн飬ע⡣
ȴڰ²ʷΪλʷΪʱ򣬱۲Ŵԣڻ֮һȺ½ս̣ȻǸʾ֮ˡʷ˽ʿȫԴһȺһαؼɹʷǰμӶ岿ֻ֣ı
Ҷ磡
ҶԱߡ
ι𣿡
Ҷһƽ͵ĵ
Щɫԥһ£˵Ҷ磬СҲ鷳ġֻǣСʵһ㣬Զͽ磬岿䣬ҶæҵĻᵲסӺʿ
ιˣΪֻҪСһЩ顣ң﹬Ͻ۱ʿڶ࣬ҿ϶໥
ҶصЦЦɫƴǡ
ʵǿóȻְæ˴ǰΪ˿ܲܶᵽӺʥܷϡ
Ӻ壬ķʮҩġĻֻڽʿ֮ἫΪҡӵãɲһ˲֪
μ֮սڽʿ¶ﶼڵŴ
ɹʿðž޴ķգӺʲôΪ˿ܴܲӺҵö

˵һȺ𵤺ʿں«֮ЪϢ˰ʱȥһɱʮգһƬտĺͣ
ǵ¶֮ɫ໥һۡ
ǰ棬ǧﷶΧһƬȺ˾ǣƬɫƣǧĵȺ֣Լ¶еĵӰӡ
ƬСȺԵЩء
Ǵ棬ǿһƬȺĶ֪澿жʿ
ڶϣȺ


384 ǿͻ
˺ħ˵ʿǰһƬɵĺˮ򣬸еЩ֡
һȺʿȻиʿսľ飬ȴûڴΧڵĲľ顣طҰʿսǳ
Ҷ˫ֱأΧĺ棬ʶΧʮﺣ
ǵðᵽӺóǺսʮǿһֻӺĺսжǿûʿҲ޷ᡣСһû
ʿ۷׷ǲǸֱӳȥʱֻǰϳӰƶĲơ
󡰻ɺ˴Ӻӿ
źɫۼ׵壬ԼԦһͷޣӺˮ˶ǵ²ŵĺȻɳĽǹ㣬Ľҵĺޡ
Ϊ׵һݵ庺ӣ΢ȵĳڽǹıϣֳһǹǣһɫǹıεϵڽǹıϡ
庺ӼԦ޳˺棬ŰкѹѹһƬʿʱ¶ɫǿסӲԴ
Ӻ復ϲѲ߶СӳλɳȺҾϲסأδҲ룬˲Դ롣λɳ뿪˵ذɣ
ڰеά磬Ѳ߶ӳһۡûзǿʵѲ߶ӳͷĽΪʵӦҲ߲ȥĽʿ˵мһˡ
ҪƬ죬һǰѾ㲿Ǩ㲿뿪ƬȺ㲿ǵǨ㣬˵һˡʽ㾩ϲս峤ͶǸ̳Ƭ죬ɳԿǷһ·
άѲ߶ӳĮ˵
Ҿϲסأƾʲô˵ҪǨǨ㣿ռ˶еôĵ̣ҪҾϲһСƬ첻𣿡
庺ǣºŭʡ
һССѲ߶ӳάϵܸ˵ôʲôɱ˱ǣαظ
ħ˶ĴϺάѲ߶ӳˣеʮֲ͡˵ֲ꣬һ׷ɽΪɽɫ޽һָ⳯庺նȥ
庺Ӽ״һȽǹ㣬һ³뺣ˮ
һѲ߱ߣâնɱ
ļѲ߱׷׻æˮ
ƾǼ˵ʵһȺʿ춼
Ǽǹ뺣ʮβʧ˺һƬˮ֮С
Ϻ⼸Сආδ׷ɱΪջ˷ɽ¶ѪЦάϵܣȻԸ뿪ǾԼԹҵȲ档սδʲô
άؿһ£˵һƬȺҰ岿䲻֪жʿҵûǲΪӪӱԵĵƽһһˡеĵһߣ޲֮
ϺƳάһۣά˽СģеЦ
άϵܣ»СġⷨδҲ̫鷳ˣһƬȺټƵĵ죬һһɱȥɱʲôʱһҲδ¡Ⱥп϶һⲿҪݵ㡣ֱɱǵȥϳˣ岿ȻͶ
֣Ӻ復ϲʵ²ҵ֮¡óȻ뵺ֻʮֲסһǼȲƽİ취ϲ䡣
ά
ˣ
ϺάеЩ죬ȻǸԴӣȺıͬʱͷƬȺ˭ɱȺ롣սһƬСȺ˭ĵ̹˭
Ϻ˵꣬ҲάĴ𸴣ֱӴħ˵һȺʿȺϷȥ
ά綢ħʿıӰɫӲЩѿ
ϵ̫š֣ôǲ̿ʼɱȥ
ǲħ˵ĺ棬ħ˵׹Ժϵģʲô棡
ΧɹӵĽʿϺ̬ʮֿۣ׷׳άȰ
ùǰǵķʽȥ򡣵˸ͷ֪Ӻ䲻ôöԸˡ
άһֹ֣ڽʿ˵ȥ
άȻҲϺţԼĹǣΪϺӣıԼ
壬˸ָ߲ӳһο飬ϵպеĵλɲκβ˵ĸ߲ʧպҪӳˡ
ƽһ㣬ҲҪףսܶ顣Ҳû취Χ
άʿɵȺıټ˶ʮɹӳŲ˽֮ߡ
Ȼ˵ҪȲƽΪ˱ⱻħ˹ĵ죬̫Զά˶ʮɹʿһſİ취ͬʱȺƽ
ռĵܶһЩһʿ֣ɹʿ֮Ҳܹʱ໥֧ԮԮ
ά簲ź֮ɹʿʼж
Ҷֶս֮¿ûʲô飬С湬СôΪָˡҶΪأ
ҶԾһ£żְ˵
бҪ˵սʱӡ
ϾҶزϽӳսʱҶͻȻָӣؼʱңϽʿҿʴӣҲû취ˡ
ҶƽĿ˹ȥҪҶ׿ڳŵָӡ
Ҷս죬һжܹﰲš
Ҷӣһ£δԡ
ЩϽʿܼҵʿսʱһˣҲýָӵĻ٣ûйϵ
ҲָȨ
߰ɣ
Ҷ׿ڶŵָӣĵ˵ͷŶʮϽʿȻΪһɫ磬֮С
ҶصһЦʩԼӳһˮϵ֮󣬴߶׷ȥ
˵ʮλںİλʿɱƬ
ƬŨǽʿ˫ĿעȥҰҲֻܿʮɷΧʿܿҰ͸Сˣʮɡ
ЩŹ֣ʶ̽ķΧ΢ԶһЩҲֻܴﵽ֮ڣܵ˺ܴơңʶҲ޷ֱʿͨˡ
СƬ̹ϽʿѾʮ
Ƿ˵һСС
СϣһЩͰʯݣɿڣĴֻԼ桢֮ɢڴֻ
Сͨ˾סȻѾˣߵĺܴæ
̫Сûмصļֵ
Ҷؿһ˵С΢΢üͷѾЩʿ֣ѾӦ֮ߣ򲻻᳷ôɾ
ڵû壬ü΢һͨʯӣŽȥֹⷢڵĲȵģӦǳ벻̫á
ߣ
漴׳ɽϽʿٳǰС
Ҷβʿ棬ʶԶɨȥ¶֮ɫƺҪϽʿɵļ죬ľ۱͹﹬ʿ˺档
ǱߵĹ﹬ʿƺƽЩҲӴӵľ۱ʿȻҲɵĺܿ죬ȴû㼱塣
ߣƽģ¾ϽĶˡ
ҶЩָˣȴÿ˵ʲô֮ǰѾ˵һжóȻԡ

ϽʿСƬֻ̹ҽʮɳĴ󴬣ҰΧڵϡ
⼸ҴǧƵˣ϶վŴ壬Щ忴ճһȺˣʱҴڣԴкϵˮƴĻǰС

ֻΧĺףʮľϲĺʿŸĽ׺ޣڴֻΧٻУֳǹŭյˡ
ӣֹ˿ֻ
ֻںζȻˣǳǹͶ䷶ΧޣʮɵĽв޷ոߴˡ
֣ʿȫɱˣ
¶ϲһСȺӺ庣ʿ
һ£ʮϽʿǷ׷׳ɽǼҴΧĺʿ˹ȥʿķĲݷΧҲ޵ʮɶѣ̫Զʶ޷Чٿأȥɱ
쬡쬡
ʿһǳȫͶеĳǹʮɫâɢҵǹ֣𣬺ϽʿķսһƬܼķǹĽ
δ֡
ҶҲֻڰۿš
ΪӵĽʿŸЩнʿ
ſһС㰵ҡͷ
ʮн׺ʿʵ̫ˣͶһǹ֮󣬸ոճڶǹȴѾͶסϽʿ͹ȫתۼ䱻նɱʿȾһƬɫҲ̶á
һƺʿһ֮ʣںʿ׷׾żԦ޳뺣ػĴֻƴɢӡ
Ǳ뺣׵ĺʿ׷
Ͻʿֱնӡ
սնɱн׺ʿϽĶУֻһнʿֱǹƣ˹ˣûд󰭡
Ӻʿ˵ҿʵ˴γӦһ˳
ϽʿɴʤһЩ⣬һԵҶ洺纬Ц˵ѵõûٶҶ¶ɫ
ָܹз
Ҷ˵ȴǿЦ
ʿս壬ʤӦõ顣ҶЩн壬⾩ϲûгءҪ߽ʿûôס
ʦ壬⼸ϵͨô
һһŮʿ˹Ůս֮ѯʴֻô
ù⼸ƴǮ־졢ãȥڵټǰƽ
ǼƴûȤ
ǣʦ壬⾩ϲȻɳʮʿ⼸ֻ´ڲֻһЩͨ壬ܿһЩֵǮĲƻҪҪϴѲһ£©
һĶţɫ˵ĽԵüΪϽһĽĶ󡣲𵤺ڵλľ޴࣬˿Խ
Ŷ⼸ҴʲôֵǮĲƻÿҴһʿȥһ¡
֣һ£ϴѲ顣
ܹ⼸Ҵϵ̫ˡһʿڼľڣʿδнʿĶ֡
ҶⷬüͷһɳȰϽʿΪСװ
Ҷʦˣڵмвٴ˷ֻҪСһЩûʲô⡣ӶҶص˵ΪȻ˵
ȥɣСĽ䱸
һ£ǾϴȥѲ顣
ЩʿȺľϲ䣬ܵõôĻȻŹĺô϶ᱻʿռȥʿֻܰĿһЩСϣôԷֵһǮڰһˡ
ȻϽܼҴС㣬Ҳ֪ЩأЩʿǳԿ
Ҷؼ֣Ҳٶ˵ʲô
ǣʦ壡
Ǯ־ϲȥ
ǼѾͣ£Ʈںϡ
ϵڶͨ壬Ŀøղŵһս˿̶ŵɫףſڴϣҶŭЩͻȻɱˡ
ӶʮϽʿм䣬ɳʿӳ˻֣ͷųֻɡ֮ĻȻֱЩ󴬣봬ڽм顣
ʿ棬ַעŴֻͨĶ
СƬ̡

ͻȻһҴֻĲڣһصƻǲҽСļϣҲ˾ҵĺ봬Ѳļʿͬʱ⵽Ϯ
Ȼ̼䣬Щʧ
ϽʿɫʱȻ䡣
ӦڴպıײÿҴ϶ʮнʿϼװ塣
⼸ڣȻһٶнʿЩϽʿڶнʿӲӲҲ·硣
ǣҶزδϿȥͷȻһʶɿĳܺɨӡ
ֻΧĺ˷ٵƣѸٵĳֻڵķΧ£ޣžϲĺʿһԾ˳档
УȻһͷʮɳľ޴ޡ
һ߽ʿΡȻվھ޵ͷһ˶ɫꪣĿ˸ź˵⡣


385 ܴ
Ӻ復ϲ죬ڴˣ
ͭ޼ףվھͷ޺֮УʮϽʿȻһɱ˭Ҿϲ䣿ȻǽˣҲɱ˭һս
һŭȣͬ
޺˶ľޱһӣǱԶϢİ߲ɫꪣңңһָһǿҵɫɷӹꪼͷӿγһɫ
ǹǿޱȵɫɷһ㣬
ϽʿֱеһɿֲϢ˹Ѫڣ֣̿ȻɰԵɫɷĶᣬ׷׾ˣԶɫɷ
޺ϽʿųһϰɣɹЦò⡣ͷ߽׵ޣۣͭβźˣһʮ˻ˮһƬǡ
ΧЩںޱϵľʿǣ֮佫һȺ˸˰ɣһ޼ɵĸſЦ˵һЩԡ
ֻΧϽʿ˻һЩ岻ɷס
Ҷؿǿ޺ϰʿ֮ɫָ侲
һĸ߽ʿв
㹻Ͼȥһж
⼸ҴȻһնЩۼڴ˴Ⱥ庣ʿѾΧΧĺ棬׼Χ
һ
λϽһʿ֣Ҳֻǿ޺ԿϽʮʿ޷ͶٶнʿԿ
սսܵĿԼǿпսĻֻϽʧء
ҶûԼȥΪͳ֡
ϲϳûҵϲϳ֮󣬺ս»ءң岿䣬Ϸսʱ򣬿ڽʿ֮仹һִ
ս˭ҲãͿԼıˡ
Ϊܴ˺ħ˵ʮʿм˳ϲʥʮҩҪһпܣԼʵ
ڽʿ˵ϲ䣬û̫
Ʋϲ䡣
ϲʵǿѾǰʿǰĵˣĵˣͨöԸ
ʮʿЩǰеľ֣ڻ֪ЩʿᡰҲпָܳᡣ
⹤ȺƴԼʵ
Ҷضʤһ򲻿أҲʲô˵顣һԶţǲ̳ˣȺͺľ۱﹬ʿϣʵȻٻͷȺ庣ʿһ
ǣҶȻ͹Ͻʿսľġ
ŴǸͻΧȽʱȻ֣ϽʿȺѾˡ
Ͻʿн󣬸ɱЩʲô£ҿڳԣ
˫Ҫ棬ҧгݣָźϵĺʿȵ
Ͻʿм䣬̷ɳʮʿһֳСȦ׳һ߽׷ɽֱǽ𽣡ľˮ𽣡պнǳϵ庣ʿɱ˹ȥ
ʣǮ־ʿ޷ֻڰչս
ҶؿһĻвɾ
һֱΪнֻһʿʩչȴ֪ϽĴн󣬾ȻɶһÿʿٿһɽٿؽѶԽࡣ
Ҷغܿ뵽һ⡣
ʿˣĲٿһ⣬ҪһܾãͨԶһʿٿشнʹۡ
һʱâҫϽʿɵ󣬺ͺϵһȺٶʿ
Ҳûţһ䴢ɳɫâ²ССת˲ǣΪʮɾ޽âĻ
ڰУŷȻźϵ޺
ɽĻ֮£˿̵ԵüΪͲм
ȻΣ
Ϊʿ׷ɽɵĴнɱǿʿһɱһҲһǿйơ
˿߽ʿ
վھͷĿ޺ĿȻһ¶֮ɫֱ𣬽ɫսꪣȫעĶɽûȥΧս
ʿķɽûô׶ԸһСıᱻնȥ׼
Ҷؼ˫ѾˣֻεĹս
н󡪡
һ߳˫ɿĴһɫķڽϵɽĽϡ
̺ǿĽϵ׷ɽʱâţһ۴ֵĽɫ⻪ˮϵ׷ɽȥˮϵɽһ۴ֵɫ⻪ľϵɽȥľϵɽһɫ⻪ϵɽȥϵɽһɫ⻪ϵɽȥϵɽһɫ⻪ϵɽȥ
⻪ѭһܣѳɡ
⻪ͬߣڷɽΪһͽ󣬹һ壬ݺᡣ
󣿡
ǿ޺ɫ䡣þսͲ߽֣Ȼǹª֮Ȼмּʶɽ䣬ʱ
ʩϣһָ彣ΪԳ磬޺
һͬʱٿɽĽһʿһɫꪼԦ߽׺޵߽ʿ˿ʼںһѪս
нķΧܹ㣬ʮɷԲֱӽ޺ͷ޸˽ȥ˴һڴн֮ڡ
⽣󣡡
޺¶Цһ壬쬣һԾɫһ㣬һɽȥ
ʿóǿƵСǽʿֻһɽԺ⡣ǷɢɽϣֻҪһ⽣ͷˡ
Ҫǿ⽣

һ졣
ɫꪼ⣬ĵһϵɽĽϡǱϵɽ⵽һػʱ⵽ɰҲâѸȥǣϵɽһɫ⻪䵽ϵɽϣϵɽϹ⻪ҫĿɫꪸ
޺ֱ΢顣
ʱʲô֮󣬶޺ղȹꪣͷʹ
ɽĹ⻪Ϊһ壬һɽıɽĹ⻪ϽȥͬʱɽԿ
޺ͷޱڴн֮Уҳͻȴٳ޷н
ҲҶأǮ־졢öʿڹս
Ҷǰʦһ֮ɡõΪޣֻͿ޺ļңȴ˿˭ռƣУЩĳҶ˵
ãλʦռϷ硣Ҫǳ֣Ҫˡ
ҶصȻ˵
ԴнڶʿĶᵺһٶõʵǺǿġȻԣⲢζɵûʵţҴϽʿֱײûһִн󣬿ѧ﹬һ㣬ڵĴ³ǰƽʿɱķ
üҶزԸ֣ǿϾǽ֮ɫǮ־ɫŹֵҶأаЩӣλҶǰȻǽʿ±ʦĴн˺ܴһأѣԸ֣ó׳
СƬ֮ս˱仯
޺ʽܼ򵥣һֱùȥɽǿ
ȫʹɫꪣһɫɽĽϡ
ɫɽҲһ£â˼֡Ȼˮϵɽһɫ⻪עĽڣ
ǣͳ
ɫɽĹ⻪ȻɣĽϣ͹ʱȴһһΪϸܵơ
һϸ΢Ѻۣ޺ۼ֣ⷢʱϲ
ɫɽƷʣɫꪣֻҪ͹ȥȫֱӰɫɽ١
ɫʱһ䣬пࡣɫҲ֪ʲôƳɵģȻ˼ӲĶľϵѺۡ
ܹҪҳ𣿡
ҶϿһĻüͷ⾩ҵİ취ˡ֪߰ĺܣ̫İԳ֮ǰһʣ޹Թޡ
ãһ߽ʿܸɵ
ҧɫѾЩ԰ףĳɿĲٿɽ֧šٽľøΪӲĽ𽣷ȥ޺ɫꪡ
ǣ޺ѸͺСĿռرۣܿ𽣺ǱɫꪸǼΪ꣬ÿζװֱǱľϵɽȥ
ʮľϵ׷ɽѺԽԽ󣬴нĹ⻪ҲõĲȡ޺ϲĹı֮ͼһ
н󣬿סˡ
Ҷ粻ƺڿʲôĿ¶һ˿ЦͻȻһſ³һɫ𽣣ӭ绯Ϊһʮɾ޽ХսȦ
ڴнϷӭͷӽڳĿ޺ȥ
޺ϲҪӴнڳ˳ǰͻȻ֮һڻ𽣣Ȼæӹꪵֵ
飡
޺һɾĻ˽ڣֱнΧסûܳ
Ҷذѿ޺һȥˣȴͣˣջ𽣣Թۡǿ޺
ӣҶس֣ҶԼ֣ϲһҶΪʱ̡
㵹Ǹɴһ㣬Ҫͱ֣ܳҪֱնȥնɱĻؽʲô˼뿴Һȥ
ֲ÷Ĳٿɽٳܼ¹ľϵ׷ɽֻ¾Ҫˡ
ҶؿŻŲٿشнϲ¶Ϸ֮ɫ
˵ߣ޺˿ֱ̼ƵҪѪ
ʿ޷ֱʿʵһʿҲ޷ֱʿʵоʿܴʿơȵȷ棬ϿһЩߣֱʿĵλߵ͡
һ۾Ϳʿݡ
ƫƫҶһͨͨĴ磬Ҳߣ˿ǽʿҶһʼһķҲûзųֱϰҶعΪʿ
޺һֱΪֻһʿûϵȻһλʿ
ҶͻȻųһ𽣣һģĵĲ˲ڴнڣ޷
Ǿ޺һڱޱȵǱؿڷ
ҶʿڣѪҲ򲻹ˡ
ãҲ
Զһҫ۵ĽԶԶı㴫ӼҴҵĻļԦɽɱ˹ԭϽС죬۱ĽӣڴһȺɱˡ
⣬һȺ﹬ʿҲԶ
޺ԹŭҶһۣԦͨ뺣ˮȥ
޺һȥںʿʱ׷ߡ
ЩϽʿʿǹͶΧ֮£ֻм֮û׷ϡ
ŭϽʿ׷ɱǿ޺ȴȺϲĺʿȫû뺣Уɢݲ
û׷ϣͷŭҶء
ǵһηСۺͿɺޣ֮ǰֻ֮ǹѣȻûӣֶգѿľϵҲˡ
ҶصûҲȫ֣ǿ޺ܣûͿ޺Ӳƴ


386 ʯ
ãһʲôˣ
ӼƺҶأɻֿ˿Ҷءܻɣ֮ǰʲô
£߰ɣ
ŭߡ
ЩĪŵͷȻͻȻݺݵĵҶһۣƺھʲôԼ
Žӷɿ쳯׷ȥ
ĿЩӵĴҶغһۣȻŹ﹬ʿϡ
Ҷȴһʲô鶼ûзһϵȻɡ
Լ޺ɸûʲôϵ
ֻ΢һ¶ѣȷһͿ޺˼ȱȫôнȥشǿ޺ÿ޺ɫȥĴнһʵúôн
ֻҪһСܴĿģȻֵɡ
ϧӴˣǿ޺ŶݺˣĿĶһ㡣
ҶضԴҲû̫ϡǼ£ûɶҲûʲôͿ˳ۣڲǱá˳۶ѡ
ϽʿһС·̣ΧʱȴͻȻ֣ȻƬȺʧ˷֮ǰ׷ɱʿʱûעⷽ׷ɱһͨҲ֪˿ˡ
ʲôط
ͻȻʶԼһܵͼʧϲɽӲۺĶ̡ʧͲһʿ÷Ĵ󡭡ҶǰľٶͿˡ
֮ǰֻЩ̰ðȱɹһЩѡڣϽ۱͹﹬ʿʮɹʿʧȥϵ¾֮С
ãҲ֪֮Ⱥ֮ڱˡȺҲǧѣɷɣ϶ҵط
ӻΪ̳һһƬããͷЩϡͿ˵Ȼһϲ⡣
Ҷ磬ע⵽ʲôط
¶һֽ֮ɫͻȻ뵽һֱ侲ҶأɳҶѯʵ
˵ӦȺжʲôطҲŪƬȺȻֻǧﷶΧƺһƬȻƣȺڲѱ淽򡣡
Ҷҡͷ
׷ɱܵʿʱעһµΣ̫Ũʮȫ޷ֱ淽򣬸֪
˭ͨ󷨣һƬȺʲôƣ
Ҷسʿʵ
ʿǣ໥һۣȴվû˭о󷨡
ҾͲţҲɹʿ
ɴ಻ôˡ
ɹʮʿƿգȺڼɡ
ֻý˵ı취׼һһֱȥɵͷΪֹҪôײɹʿҪôֱӳȺ
һȺʿС죬ȻûпκӰټҲû뿪Ⱥ١
ҶظоЩԾˮƺ˳һƮơ
ǳǰУоƺǱֱɡʵȴƮƵӰ죬ŻηУһȺʿȺȦӡ
Ҷһ£ﴫһ
ĳգգ۾ȻɵԱߣ˵˼䡣
ϸһ£ʿɡ
䣡
Ƭ̹ڣǰ
Ȼںս
ʿʱϲӿٶȷɹȥֻ߳һСȺĳɹʿںͺϵһȺӺʿϰټƵǹշ䣬Щʿɹʿڽڰˣûл֮
ɱ
ǰһȺʿ˿һ޷йȣ̷ųɽʿһѷĳȥ
ǵ㹻ѹЩʿ
ȺʿԶԶһȺʿƲʱǱӡûüݵʿ֮⣬ںʿʧ
лʦóģ
һӢĽʿϲķ˹ĳлȴ࣬⵽ʿͻϮʿ˼һ룬ʣʮʿҲδԺսǳ
ʦּˣˣӦõġɲĳЩˣѿ
һЦȻĿбӣ̬ӯĴҶǰɹһ󵭵ܰ㡣ͽӵˣС
ҶӣżֿЦʲôʱ򶼲ڿһ¡
رͻЦݸһ£һŻعҴҸϡ
һȺʿƺƵļǰ
һ·ɹȥ⣬ǾȻ»˵ɹʿγһǿʿȺһзȥ
֪˶ãһ޴ĺֻɫ죬ʿǰ
Ҷؼ˵вһ̾
ֻһɽ壬ɽİһʮӴʯǣɽƼΪءʯΧһʵʯͻأĴգĹǵա
ɽĶϣһﷶΧİɫڶǧĺ
ŷ֣ȺɢĹŹȻǴɽðġ
Щ˼顣
ȻˣʿǸĻ˵ʯǡϾɽΪʲôðŹֵһ顣
޽ĳǳأ
ĳǳز֮˵Ĳʯ̫һ㣬Щ죬оһͷȫĴһ
ӦþӺ壬ϲϳˡ⾩ϲ䣬ƺС
ʿ۷׷ס
м󲿷ʿ״ο˺ΰǳءǵĹģֻ»˲ͷ˽ɡ˶Žǣ˵ʿǳطǳ졣һһӴʯͷҲǿܵġ
ҶۿӴǳأ﾿ж塣ǵĹģ²ʮ֮ޡĸ߽ʿֻ²
οûóȻȥѡԶԶĹ۲졣
⿴ǵĹģ֪ɹʿµġûǵ˶ʮɹħ˶ʮɹʿ룬ʿٹǣһЩ
˴֮ħ˵Ϻ˵άȵȣɹʿ½½ִ졣
ɹĽʿǾһ𣬿ʼôǡ

ǵĳǽϣʯϣվһŵĺɫ¼ʿǴɫ䣬һ޺ƳɵĹսϱųĹңװʮ֧ðϢĹǼ
ǳǽߴվһθʿһɫ⻪ľԹǹĿһϬĹâ
ǵĹǹʿΪĹǡ
ڣĳվһСȺ죬һɫ߽ʿڴԶ۵ʿֳɫꪵĿ޺У֮ǰʧδޡ
˵ػûƽ꣬һսʦ˶ˣĪѾڴ˵صĶǰֹ
еһ޳̬ȵŮӣݴżʥ࣬üԶյĳȺˣ¶֮ɫ
ʥŮҿδءЩһЩ˶ѣӦֻǵռƬ죬ݵ㣬δִ˵صܡ淢˴˵صܣ¾ԪӤǰˡ
Ůӵԣվһֳźɫľȵ۲ϳߣĮ˼£ǿһĿԶˡ
Ϊ˰ȫ뽫ȫһ
۳۾³һΧλ߽ȻĻ
ʦɱ˶ˣֻ»˵ķ񱨸壬סǵı
ŮȻһ
ˣ˷ִ˵صܡΪһλʥʿȫڴһ١ֻҪټһ꣬ɹ֮ҵȾͿԳ˵ءһ֮ڣϢ©ǣ
ᶨޱȣкɫľȣָָԶһȺˡ
ŮӳĬԡ
ڸ߽죬ɫȴǺ죬ձޱȵ˷ܺϲ

˺ħ˵һȺʿû뵽ʯڻʿԲѵҪȫʿ۲ǺͳϵЩǹ֮¶ɻ֮ɫ
ϣôôĳֹǹĹ֣Щ˿Ӻʿ
Ҷɻ
Ҷ磬ҲµĲĻӦǹǹʿ
Ц˵
˵ʮ֮һĹǹ壿ﲻӺȺһôйǹʿ֣
Ҷ΢
żȻʮ֮飬ʱֻעںΪ׺Ӻ壬ȴû̫ΪصĹǹ塣
û룬Ȼ˹ǹ塣
ɾͲˡӺǹǹģӦһܴ
֪ࡣ
Ҷغһûһ̸ʱ
Ϻά磬ټʮӳۼһһ֮ǿйǵľ


387 ǹ
Ϻάλħˡ֮£˶ʮɹʿħ˶ʮɹʿ߰˰ʿΪ׷׳ٳʯǳɱ˹ȥ
ǵĿĺܼ򵥣ǾǻٵʯʯһɱǽϴĹǹʿһٹռʿʯǡ
ʲôˣ
мʿۼ⣬ǽߴվһĹǹ֡ǹһЩŵɫ͹ǹڳǽ֮ϣƺ֮Ψ
ʿǴɹʿ۸ڶƽʱʮ㣬ǹַǿǹ°ʱȻ
˸ţλѣһͬȥն
Ҳ֪˭һ䣬ͷʱһƬӦһȺʮʿʯĳͷǹվ֮Ȼ˹ȥ
վڳǽߴֳ־ɫǹʿɨ˳һȺʿһۣЦӱϽʮ֧ļҳһ֧ɳɫǼ
ֻǼμӣҲ֪ǴԵĸλȡƶɵģƺǼ߹ǣðԶ˿˿
ǹվȻͺһ˫ǿԹǹɫ޹ǿ֮£ſޱȵԽԲ
վ֮ûܳȥǡɣ
ʿ۾ɢһޱȿƣ˵
䣬쬡
֧ɳĺԹǼʸҼ˳ȥǱһӭʿ
֧ʸƾնɻΪһɳĺԣŵͳ˺֮ǲŷһ룬ԹʸͻȻʱѣΪһʮɷΧѵĺƬһȺʿС
ʱЩԹǼʸƬײеʿǵĸϵ֣Ȼһ¾ͱž򴩣ϣһƬʹĲҽУڣһȥ
ԹǼʸ֮أֱӻĶʮʿ˺ҵĹʱʿ޲ɫĺ
ʯǳǽϵĹǹǣŷ׷˹Ǽ
һǧ֧ǼܼѹѹһƬո֡
ɹʿͷŷŹǼ壬ڳǽʯǹֽйɱǣʿڽ룬ҲǺǵġ
ʿûڳǽ֧Ŷãֱܿ˷ĲҽܼĹǼ䣬ǵĹƸòǱĵ˻ʯǹǹֵ̡
ʿ˹ǼϿʼðƺƶ
ڹսĽʿɫ΢䡣
ʯ̫࣬ǹֵǣǧϡ
ЩǼɹǶҺ߶ҺȵȣרʿĻ֡һǼУմȾ϶Һֵķġһľʿʿһ浹ɱҳȥ
˻ĴȺʿܻϺά
һн׹ǹʿ̣֮ԶѾʿɵĹΧܼļʸҪȥЩ鷳֪ǵļʸʲôƳɵģȥȡ֧
Ϻδ̫ʿ̣۾һ£ȻԱһʿ˵
ʿðսıԵѴӵʰȡ֧Ǽ˹
ϺӹȥһЩǼͶϺ޵ĺǲƳɣ塢׺޵ĺǲϡ
ڶĺ޺ǺܳҪȥɱޣֻҪѰ޵ĺǣܵõ㹻ĹǼϡҵ߽Ϻ޵ĺǣҲǲܡ
Һ޵ΪӴһͷޱƳǳӴĹǼЩǹӦòȱĹǼڹǹνƳɹǼȴö֪ˡ
άϵܣɹĽ𵤸ӳһϡ
Ϻתͷά˵
ά翴˸ղŵսһ£˵ͷ
һ£һʱ֮ٽ
⿿˵ʿκβʯڵʿ
ʱҲֻýΪĸӳɱˡ
ӳʯʮһȫ֮أս
Ͻĸӳ
ˮĴ۾۰Ͱ͵ҶأϣҶȥǡϾ۱Ľӡ﹬ȵȶӳóʯǡ
֮Уʿһء
ϧҶصû
ĺһΣֻôϽʿʯͷǳ塣
һΣɹʮλΪĸӳ£ټʿӵҡ

ʯڣϡɫǵʥŮɫĻߣֳɫꪵӺʿȵһȺʮ߽ʿڹս
Ҫˣ٣̴ϲи߽׹ǹ֣ȥ֧ԮһԶȺ˳ɫʱһ䣬ɿ쳯һ깭ֺȵ
峤֮ǰ˵ˣһųŴˡ˲ܹȥ
깭ֳһ¡
ȥһ˶ס˶Ľˡ㲻峤Ļȥ
źľȣȡ
깭׹أҵʮ߽׹ǹԾʯٶȳ˳Ŵĸʳǽռλýз
˭ģ
ڶԶʿжֶͷڸ߽׹ǹһۣɫһ䡣
峤Ǵʦµ˵̫࣬ǹЭسš
ǹӲͷƤ
ϼһΪԼײһλʥŮ͸޼ɵĲֱĲھȻϲˡһ죬ҽ֪ҹǹʵԶʤײ
һԶһʯߣһĿһɱʥŮĿ⣬ȴ˼־غɫ
վûʮ߽׹ȥ
սڼȫԸϮǡ

ڳͷϣٶɫ޹ӭսˡ
Χʮǹĸ߽׹ǹ֣ΪģѸЩɢȴγһȦɵļһǶϣûѵĿܡ
ʮ֧Ǽ׼ķ򣬻۳һɼΪŨҵɱ
ЩӳĽʿʶ쳣޷еΣա
߽׹ǹֵĹǼ߽ԭϡʮ֧߽׹ǲƳɵĹǼ䣬ʿҲܲסĹǼָķ򣬽ʿҵɱȻɫ׷ױܿ
ңǹ̼ԶԱȷĹΧԶһءʿ޷ȷԼڱʸ֮ǰǹ֡
𵤸ӳֻҪʯ̶ʮ߽׹ǹԼ׼ǵĹǼ壬תرܡ
ĳλʿԸðճǰ棬ʮ߽׹ǹֵļʸʿᡣĻƳʮ߽׹ǹв
ǣɹλʿԸΣյ飿
һʱ䣬ʿĳͻδʿһ嵽ʯϷټϴΧĹǼʸһս


388 ײ
Ѿսʮλ𵤸ӳ֮⣬ʮλӳڵϾʯʮ֮ڰգڵϢս󣬹ʯǵ
ҶɫƽĿżɨڽʿĬĬĹЩʿʵΪʯ֮ʯ岿ʥ׼
Ȼǰս²˳󲿷ֽӳǶܳż̸ţδΪһʱս²¶֮ɫ
岿ĹлѣⱾǵ֮СΪһָǿȵʵսһЩʿҲ⡣ֻѴС˶ٶѡ
ʯڵ岿俴ʵǿӺʿйǹʿʯвٵĺö
Ǻǣǡֵ֪Ӻ͹ǹʥʱҾܿúִ
ϵʲôʯǣҸƾ±ǣǫã
һߺһ꺺ӣɵĵ٩š
ħ˵ĽнʿǴ˴ħ˲μֵʿΪߵʿֱǽͽĲ㡣Ƕ˿ûнʯǷҲûаʿУȻݵ̸ϷʥˡƺʥǶʸᡣ
ʵǲ̸¡ĽʿͬΪλΪ衣Ͼ˵ش󲿷ֶǽڳʿн׻Ǻټġ
ҶسǶ˿һۣ۹۲ʯǵķ
ʯǽڵİɽϣȻһ壬гǽĸʯ
Ȼû˵Ļ󷨣ǴĹǹڳڸʵʯϣǼĿ¹ͼԶ̣ʯӵмǿķ
۴ӵĸ򹥹ȥǧ֧Ǽǡ
ҶصĿɽϡ
Ҫ˵ʸڵǵĻֻɽϣҲƬɽ֮ءɽڵĵλúܸߣʯ޼Ǽϡ衣
ʯڹǹʿļʸ䵽˴ѽ
ռɽڣȻɽ¹ռʯӦýΪסڴ˵ؽã϶Ҳ뵽⣬ֻӦĶԲߡ
Ҷؿٵ˼š
Ҷ磬㿴һֹʯܴ𣿡
֪ʲôʱҶԣЩǵʵ
ҶȻûеι죬ǲμӹǵĴսԶս˽һЩҪһ㹥һͳǳأѡ
ҡҡͷϡλֻ̽岿ʵûȫʱѾ̽Ӻһֵʵǹʮ߽ʿҲƳˡȶʯǵ̽ĲˣϡλȫоսӦаʯǡ
һССʯǣжı£赲סʮλʿ˵ҪһɱȥֻѾʯˣαѹ̽
ɽӶҶصĻΪȻ
ڽ𵤸ӳǻʿУʮλ߼ǹʿѹʯǷһǿƵĹһݻ˳ǳΧʮʯ
ǣΪ;̫ãȥ˴ķסʯʸĿ䣬ʿʮʿˣһˣܿٶȱ˻
֣ҵֻʯǵΧδܳڡʯǵĳŴʮλ߽׹ǹ֣жʮӺ߼ʿ֮⣬ʱûзֳ߽ʿ
λ𵤸ӳ漴Ϻάʯǵ
֪ʮ֮лԹǺˡ忪ս֮໥סһôһʯǣȻͬʱӺ͹ǹĴһռţ˵ֻʲôֵ֮طֻʮ߽ʿŶԡ
ϺʿĻ㱨Զʯǣһ£˼
֣˼ǣЩ˻ʵʵʲô
ά羪ȡ
Ͳˣֻܹʯ֪֮ԭ򡣡

ʯ룬һʵʯϡ
ʦְȥˡһսǹڣҪˡ岿ѾкܾûģսϻܹˣϢҪǴȥ϶Ҳġ
ʥŮ¶ϲ֮ɫЩ˷ܵ˵
ܣǿɲֻҪǡ
üͷ
ͷʮλӺ͹ǹĸ߽쵭ҪСȺɱЩˣκһѡײӺ壬ΧΧĺʿһˮػɱǹ壬سǳأ˳ڡ⣬֪ͨУĲʱ׼֣׷ɱݵˡ
վΧһȺ죬һʮ֮УսǿĲ١˾ηģȴײײһ֣սضսףûлء
ǣʦ
λɫԷԸȥ
ʥŮ׼ְɡ
˵
ʥŮ΢΢ͷ
ʮ۵ײʦʯ֣һʥŮı

ųϣһ翿ͳƺһɹħȻʮ֮⣬Ҳһڶߡ
ڽʿƲųڸ߽ʿɳڿôʯǡʱȴͻȻԶʯ翴һʱ໥ӣһɻʯڵôͻȻʿȻʩʱҲǸŹŹֵȻͬ
Ϊ죬ʿԷζ䣬ȴܹ֮
ܿ죬Χĺˮʼ궯ˮںγһơŶ̶̼ĹЩѸʼγ߸ߵӿˡ
ԣײǳΧ֮ԸʮԶķΧ
Ϻϵ䣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôɫ䡣ǰʿ壬ʶʦֵΪ¡
ײ
֣˵Ǿͨײ
ڽʿһƬ
ڳľ󲿷ֵĽʿһδײʦ֡ǣǵд󲿷ʿײĴΨһһڷܹ߿岿塣
άҲ𾪡
ײʮٵһ䡣
ʦûС츳һġ츳Χ˿ʿķ
ʿսĵ伮Уײйϸļء
ÿһʿײ֣ʿء
ֻײ˿ڼ٣ӵ츳ʦǺߺս֮УײʦѾ˲أѾԽԽڶ֡
ûʯڣȻײʦҿӻһСȺ


389 ﲿ
ײĳ֣˺ħ˵ڽʿΪ𾪣ȥʿеĵǣ֪̬ԡ
ȫǣɱʦƵǵҵֻҪɥ
ά羪ŭ
µĵطĹǹΧֻҪΧڣ⵽Ĺ
ʿķȻͬһʿķҲֻɵķΧѣġСΧ޷ʦʮϰĴΧȡ
Щʿ˿ȫΧ֮ڡ
ΧҪô̷ռ˵أСȺҪôϹʯǣɱʦƵɲ޿ײĹпܽȫ帲ûڴ˵졣
Щ忴Ƕˣ
֣ά֣ԥʲô϶ֹʯȥҪʩչˡ
ڽʿ¶֮ɫʿܻ
ɽߴǷĵطɽڴʯʯڡʿ
ϺȻǱǼˣĿ¶׹⣬Ϊһƹ⣬ȳɽɽڳȥ֮ǰĹսѾʯǷصڡ
Ⱥʿϸɽڷȥ
άϺ˵ʿҲһָӣ΢΢Щãû˵ʲô
Ѿû˼ȥǹռʯǺʥˣȺʯǵʿ˵
ɹʿǰǷˣȫѹϣɽڣʯ巢Ϊ͵һܹ
ʦΧʮĺѾʼɸߵľˡ

ɽڴʯˣ
߼ʿжǲȥʯǷΪܵĳǽ򣬷ֱӳɽ嶥ɽڶȥɫһ䣬ʡ
ʦɽڵŨͽʿ޷̫ûü㹻ķʯֻʮдԼʮн׹ǹʿ
æ˵
ˣ޷סǣǿɽڣ弫ΪҪܽй©ȥʮѪ֮һ죬ȫֹǣУѾˣи߽ʿϷɽȥֵס
ߴ󼱣źľԾʵʯΪһýӰɽ弲ȥ
ڲĸ߽ʿͬɫ䣬ҵʯȫٱɽ壬ȥֹʿɽڡϵˣʧ

Ϻάڽʿ嵽ɽɽڣţնɱн׹ǹ֣ɽڵʮʯʱ
ߵĽ£һȺϰ߽ʿѾϵɽڣʯڸʿӿĹʸǹʿķڰսı
ɱ
ɽڴңСĵڣȴӵǧƵʿͰгȺʿս֮С
߾
Ϸɳɫâһų׷ɴн󣬽ɽһӺ߽ʿסͼ˸߽ʿնɱڡ
֮֮䣬֮¡
ಣ
ҵսϣһ֧ĹǼƽʱɱܵ£ڲɽס߽ʿͷ
ۿöǼҪĻϡ
ͻȻһȼɫ޽ð˳һ죬֧Ǽɷ顣
Ȼףȿһֱ޺гݵӳˡȫ֮⣬Ҷһֱϣûʹӱˣ
ҶصɫƽԳʩԮΪ⡣
ջ𽣣ǰ˵ӣҪʩչȫ㻹׼ɡҪǻزȥҿɲ
Ŷô
촽ɫӣȴ˿ûֹ߽ͣʿɱһ
ҶسΧȥ
ɽڴսѾս֮Сʿ߰ʮ߰˰ڡϰټƵ߽ʿԼǧнʿս˫ΪɣռݵͰգԷ
Ҷزû̫İΣʿҪߣܹġֻҪܻŻȥϽͨʿˣ̫Ҫ
Ҷ𽣾סһ߽ʿԵ࣬һ߳սΧ
ЩɻĿһɽڡ
⴦ɽСŴŨɰնסӿ
Щ죬ʿлֱţӰ첻󡣵ʿƺӿȴΪɻ䡣
ҶջĿ⡣
ɽڵȻ֣ڲǿЩʱ
ֳʯȥ
ɽ嶥˵ɽڴӸ£ʱѾܹ׵ĸɽʯǣ̽鵽ٵԿʯһʯϣʮʦ壬Ǵʯġ
ҶȻһԥţҪҪͷıԪðնĹǼʯڣɱʮʩչʦҪͻȻ֣ĳɵİգԻɱЩʦ
ֻҪƵЩʦôʯǵİҲࡣ
ǲԸ⿴ʧܵģϾֻйʯǣпӺĲҵǹʧܣ϶붼롣
һֶξͱ¶һ룬ʿľ衣ʯ֮󣬱ڽʿţֻ¶ڱĽʿеĻͰ׷ѹˡ
Ҷڿٵĵţûа취ƳǣܾⱩ¶ʵ
ౡ
ϷĴƬͻȻƿһƬˣŴһ
ҶشһȻոߴȥ
ֻдƶһȺݣİͷ֮ڣ󲿷Ľ׵׷ݣǰʮͷ߽ݡǵıϣȻվףֳǹʿ
ʦǰϣ
һ׼ʿֱɫꪣĮվһͷʮɵĽڵıϣɽڴ˵һ䡣ȻʿյʿѸ͵ĳ
ڰеĳȺʿǣܣʱȺԦݵƵСսϸӵĻ
ڳٵʿһɲǼ䣬һֻĸоƺںһȺԦʿսǺС塣
ڲֵͿУܿʿӰ߽ʿѾ׳˽ʿнʿԶʿ
졫ﲿ壡
ϺָʿսȴճһȺԦŷݵʿ׽ʿţʧһɼսܵľ
ʮ壬Ψһóģսģֻﲿ塣ֻﲿ壬óѱ֮׳ݡ˵޷ܹеʿԿǸ⡣
壬ȻСȺ
СССȺԲҲǧѣڶһֱôۡΪĵλãŵĵ·ϣλΪҪ˺ħҲδȤȥռ
Ͼĵڶ࣬ߵ壬ǷǵúȥǿԵĻ̣ܲҲ
Ϻħ˸߲㴦ȡִȺ񣬲δ嵱һ¡
ôҲû뵽Ȼ˶岿壬ʮеӺ塢ǹ塢ײﲿ壬Ѿ½Ĵĸ߽ʿ֣ҪȺʿϾɱ
ǼΪ顣
ûش飬ЩʮǸܻ۵һǧСȺ


390 ʷƲ
ʦǺʩչΧﷶΧ֮ڣˮγʮɸߵӿΣɽХڣϵ߰˰ߺǧƵʿΧһ
ʱûʿͣںϻǵԵۼɽ嶥ʿչսߵɽڡСȺŨأʿ˵죬ҪܳǧﷶΧСȺҲ¡
죬ߣߵļ䵥ɱ
٣㲿ĸ߽׹ǹֵסʯ
ʿȺУһ۵ԾסĴŹֵХָʿӽʿ
ʿȫǿɽڣͼʯݻ١
ʿռݽϴơ
˺ħ˵ĽʿʿһƬ֮С
ʱʿʿǹǼ˻֣׹ɽ֮Сżнʿںü߽ʿĺл䡣
ȻˣʿԼʯڵĴȺʿϰܲĳɽӿΪ˻ɱˣںϧԶнʿȥɱһʿ
ҶشʱҲҴ⣬⿿һѾסҼͺֱײﲿ塣ֽͷųͽ׻ܷ֮ڣǿķԷﲿ͵Ϯ
һٿ𽣳һ߽ʿնȥһ۴սʿѾΣֻ²һʱ˰ʿҪȫ帲ûӻضʿȥǸδ֪
Ӻ塢ǹ塢ﲿ塢ײĴ壬ϰٸ߽ʿǧнʿļл֮£սʿνʮֵĲء
ЩʿʮֲܣѾʿ
ȻսļѣǽʿĴ󲿷ڣûеױĵزϺάħ˺˵ָӵõδؾûзΪʤĿܡ
ҶϵܣʲôʱΪ˵ĽʿôҲִ˵ص岿䣿
һͳżɳƵͻȻҶصĶС
ҶȻһʮȥӵʱвһݡ
ʷ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱʷڸʿһ߶ﴫʱʿʿսңҲûʿȥעǵľٶ
ʷֲҲħ˵Ľʿ𣡡ҶزʷΪʲôʱϵʲôһ£ƽ
Ǻǣ⻹öҶϵܵҵõˮЩ˵ҲᡣҶϵܣ㿴սô
ʷЦ˵ʩչһ貵˫Ԫɵĵֵŵĸ߽ʿĹĹǼ
ƣֻ¶Ҫսˡ
Ҷǿѹס߽ʿһ˵ʷ֣ʥʲô뷨ûа취ҵʯڵʥ
Ҷش˿жЩƣӪѾְ󣬱ʿռϷ磬ɲһʿܹŤתľ档ҲΪһ֮֮¡źǣòĻҪˡ
ʥ˵Ӻ塢ǹ塢ﲿ塢ײĴʥʥûãû̫עⷽ档˵أҲΪʥ
ʷһ£촫
ͻȻһӣһâֱʮڿٿһʿһâнʿͬһͬնΪأΪһƬѪꡣ
Ŷʷðˣ岿Ϊʲô
ҶصȻһЦ׼׶ܷסӵҼӴ׳һɫСΪһ磬һͼ͵Ϯн׹ǹָնɱ
һǰҹ󣬷СȺһ֡ҷݣȴʼûʲôҲûʱҹţܿ챦ʲô֪ҶϵܷҺһ֮
ʷʱЩء߰ʮλʿУεʵ֮١ҶǽеһλΪϤЩ飬ҽΪŵĽʿ
һλܹεĽʿڹؼʱǳҪ

Ҷһ֪ʷѧѧ࣬ͨǵõðȥһ̽ʥʵعʷʿͨ˵صһ𶴣Ǳ˵ع֮С
Ҫ˵ʷСȺ˵ʲôϡ챦֮Ķ⵹Ҳ֡
ȻΪ˲ͬĶҲûҪ̫б˴˶
Уʷʲô뷨˵ܰϵģҾ
Ҷ뵽˴˵ͷ
á˵֮󣬱һֱѰ˿ǻûҵ㹻ҷһǳҪСȺȻһֱ岿ĵ̣ﳤûдģĳǳء
ʯǺʯʯ϶£ȻġĴͻȻģʯǣرפش˵أһֻ¶ݳйϵ岿ֻҲǰﶯʯǡ
ʷ˵˴ԶɽڿȥϣҪ˵ֵĵط¾ɽˡҴʯǻưΧɽƶϣĿӦҲɽڡ
Ҷɻһɽڡ
ɽںܹ죬˭֪ǣ죬֮⣬Ҳû˭ܷʲôĶҪʷһ϶ɽ⡣ҲδؾͻΪɽ⡣
ʥʵع꣬ұֺ֪֪׵ˣŵĹʿ֪Ҷ֮ĹϵҲǡҵ챦Ƕ˺˺ôƽ֡
ʷδӴҶصΪ͵λһȻƽ֡
ƽֿԣǷʥȵá챦ʷȵáǸȡ衣
Ҷطɿ˵
У
ʷһ£漴ͬʥ䣬Ƕ˶
ʿ˼ɽڵϣսȻδȫǱʵ
ʵֻǣڽʿƲ̫ҲûȫԸٶ˼ʵʱ׼ˣ뿪СȺ
ʿʤû̫⡣
һΰˣһǡĻỹкܶ࣬ûҪΪ˴Լ
Ǹܷõô
λɥʿΪĳЩ⣬⵽߽ʿļлͻϮӳʿʩԮֲ
Ϻά죬ȴǲսܣɽսϱæȫԸսϵħ˺˵ǰ;λʤ´ܼͳʣ˸߲ɾûʲôɫˡ
ʷ㣬Ǽλȥɱϼһ
ϺԦŷʷҶصȼħ˺˵Ľʿ󺰡
Ϻԭ뿿ӲӲʯڵʿչʾʵ
Ѿ׹Բ󡣶ʿмʦʿָӡʦڿž棬ʿʿԿӲĴʿѹסʿҪĲ𣬱ɱʦС
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣׹ϺڽʷȥɱǲһȺʿʦ


391 ɱʦ
ɽһսϣÿһλʿͬʱһ߽ʿսļΪңǧƵʿʿսɱһ
Ϻ۴ʦͼɱԴʿĲ
Ǵ˿ܹսϳʦǿϮĽʿ١
սϳʿħ˽ĻĲĺλħ˲μжΪߵĽʿ
ʷʷƽϲýʣύʿڶ࣬ϺȻ죬ǶҲЩ顣
ԼһѩŮӣ֪ɹĽʿϺܳ㽫ϡ
ʿħ˵Ľʿ
һλ˵Ҷء
ϺҶؽϣΪҶؾͷͣʷĸһɽԸ߽ʿһɣʱϺȱ֣һʱ˲ôֱ࣬ӽҶغϡ
Ҷ˵ĽʿֻάǲϺλħĵȡʱʿʿѪսҲûбҪȥ˺ħˣȻ˵
ҶһԲ˷ɽ߽ʿϡ
ûٺʷ̸ȥ
Ϻк£ʿ׷ʹӷޱȵսһͬʿȺе۴ʦɱ˹ȥ
ҶʱҲ۴ʦģ
۴ʦɫĮ˼£һֱڴȺʿĺ棬ָʿ֮Ĵսк߽߰׹ǹֺӺ߽ʿŽб
ʦۼ⣬עɽսһϺʿɱ˹ʱɫ΢΢һ䣬ȴԵûţϾԵλ߽ʿҲǺǵġ
ķˣҲ嵺죿ʦǵûгˣɫֳֺľȵĳбƽλʿʡ
ħϺʿĸʦϺھʦһǧ֮漴ͣʡ
ٿȥ߽ʿľˡ
ŶԭɳħˮϾͷĵϵϷײϲ䣬ʦƣʦһ£ϲ²Ϻ΢΢𶯡
ħͷ֮һϾͷڶʿ֮Ժգ岿˵ͬԶ˼Ϊη̸֮ɫԪӤ֮һ
Ȼ岿ĴʦǶħ˵Ͼͷɳ˾η
ϺȻܵ죬ӦϾͷĵϵ
ԥһ£ɱڽʿ־Щҡ
ϺɱˣϾͷŭ֮£¶岿Ӳùˣ϶һΧȷѪꡣ
ǣЩȫɱĻֻ´˵صй¶ȥ˵ĿӣԪӤҲʥʿľļƻҲˡ
ޱȵìܣɫȴĮʲô仯
ʦ֡ʦ׼ŻɱʦʷѩʦãʦΧ߽ʿ
Ϻɲ֪ƴ˿̵Ĺ˼ɣƶ˵˺Ҷһۡһ˵λʦܣͷǼΪλʦֵᣡ
˵֮Ϻһ֣ڽʿԴʦΧɱ
ϺǲʱƴʦʼȻˣΧ߽߰ʿǰĳꪺ͹ǹ
ҶȻϺͷĲҪΪն߽׹ǹֵעϺʺĽʿ
Ҷزδ˵ʲôһԾɳƣ׳𽣣ΪһɫâռٷУΧŵһȺ߽ʿѰҷĻᡣ
ʿҲųԵķ׼߽ʿɱȥ

վһӢͦߴǹ֣˵Ķһ˵Ĺâͺһ˲ſеԹǹԽңǼĺļâֱָյˡ
߽׹ǹ֣Ҳͬʱ޴Ĺǹָˡһĸͼе֧Ǽضԥıȥ
Ӣͦĸ߽׹ǹ֣ȻԭվʯǳǽϵĹǹ峤ʱѾɽڴ䵱۴ʦʱ
⻹еӺĸ߽ʿֳǹꪣƴʦǰ棬ڽλ˵Ϯ
Ҷֻ΢Ľ˶ɣ̱еԹǹϣʱһɷǳܵĽ֮дĵͬЫһ㡣ٿ¾͵⵽ˡ
һȻȻθߣ߽׹ǹǿ̷Χ
߽׹ǹֵĹǼͬʱϣֶͨΣ²ҲѲƤҪ뵲ס߽׹ǹֵĹʸٵóһʵС
û˿ϺĴ㡣
ǰҶһˣļʸ漴ָλٿĽʿλʿ֪ʱź󳷣ɵߴһۣ¶ɵ֮⡣
ʿҪǿгȥǿ϶û⡣
߽׹ǹָǵȫһ䣬һǧɷΧ֮ڣΪֲʿķҲδܵסĹʸľ룬ʸ˲ϢʿҪܿǼѡ
𵤾磬պڶɽǰ;ʿĸϧοΪԼˣֻˣҲ
ͷһǲԾԶ࣬˵һǧɵԶ
Ϻλʿԥǰ
գɨ˼λʿһۣȴûޡ
Щʿħ˵ĸɹȻǴ˴ħϵ죬ҲֻǸȶѣͷħʹ
ΪԶ֮ϣƽʱߣ
ʷΪһЩǴ˲˵ָʹȥðա
ʿٺ󳷣ŮȻҲǰ
Ҷ˵ĽʿæԣȻҶȥͷ󣬵Ҷֻ̽һ£ΣԹߣ̺󳷡ϺԴҲֻиɵ۵ķݡҶؾ㲻ǲҲû취
Ϻλʿһۣ⼸λʿûһλܵöģʮΡ˭ħ˵죬Ҳͱ磬ʵҲֻһʱλ죬ڽʿΪҲϵͶ١
룬ҲֻԲٿطգɱƴʦĻᡣ
Ļָ⼸ʿǰ档
Ϻ뵽˴һ䴢̴ɳɫС죬һӣΪյɫ죬ɫ˹һƬɷȻǷǷĶ
λʦֵҸ赲Ǽȥɱƴʦ
Ϻȵͷ³˹ȥȴ涥취סλ߽׹ǹֵĹǼӶλ𵤴ɱƴʦĻᡣ
ʷѩ㡢ҶصλʿϺѾͷ߽׹ǹֵĹʸ֮ΣձϺȥˡ
ǵķС࣬ȻԹۣѡ̸ųȥ
нʿǰʷѩм䡣
Ҷ档
ȰźõġΪϺҶԭȴͷλãҶشʱλʿĺ󱸣֡
˲Ϣ֮䣬ڽʿ˶ɣ˸߽׹ǹǿǧ̷Χڡ


392 ֮
ħ˺˽ʿԦԷɱ峤̸ӦеǿϢ漴еԹǹָǰĽʿϺ
ʸ⣬ðһεĺɷһϢոĽʿ
Ϻųǧ֮ڣʱеһĺɷ͸ȻѪҺȻһΪĺɷǿе𺳡
ҧأΡȻ壬תĺһֲٿɫ취·ƴʦ֮سȥֻǿϮɱƴʦŤתʿľ档
һǧɡŰɡ˰ɡ
߾ԹâֱָϺе۾ԽԽ䣬ȴʼûзż
ٺ߽׹ǹҲȻ
ϺʱܵѹԽԽ󣬸е쳣ܡԽ棬ҲζܹŲĿռԽԽСܵĹǼҲԽ͡
ת˲֮䣬ϺѾ߰ɵľ롣
ȥĻҲû˿գƾٿصɫ춥׷ܵס߽׹ǹֵĹǼˡ
Թʸˡ˽Թʸ
ϺϣڿԹϵ֧ɵɫʸɲʱ󺧣ĵðһǿҵĻ⣬ա
Ƕײпµĺ֮һ˽ԣ൱ڽ㣬ֲƳɵĹʸΪ£Զһʸɱȡ
治֪幭ôԵĲкŪ֣ƳɹǼġֵεĹʸҲֻвĹǹֲӵС
ǣϺվֳֺľȣɫĮյƴʦҪɱ֮Ĵʦڵſôȥ
Ϻɫ࣬ɫ취٣ҲҪס֧ʸЭλʿлɱƴʦɴ˴
۾űƽϺλڿٱƽĽʿ
ͻȻתͷһȡ
䣡
ಡ
֧͹ǼɲǼ仯Ϊҫ۵İâҶռ˳ȥ
ȻǹĿǳǰϺȽʿλʿ󷽵Ҷء
ҶشǺ֧Ԯ˿βʷѩʿĺ׼ŻжһתͷбȻһɲԤС
Ҳ룬ſһƳγεԪ
񳾽
ǱɫСӭǣΪһʮɵĻƳ޽ΡȻҶصǰ޷âؾɽ
˽һɷΧ֮ڻããһƬƺһεϢѹסյļҲֹͣǿԪѾͷų
Ҷز̫ΪʲôǰϺϮԼһЦȻˣҲûҪٱˡٿػ񳾽ָңңһָ񳾽Թʸնȥ
ͬʱҶصһԪ𽣣ҲѾͷųΪ棬Ϯ֧߽׹ʸȥ
ԹʸϮɵһ룬ۡһ죬ΪĹƬЩƬϼһϸСޱȵĺ棬γһʮɵ溮ԣҶء
Ҷ֮ǰֱײ񳾽ϡ
Ҷؿʸı죬ɫ䣬ٿػ񳾽ӭͷն˹ȥһͬʱϵ׳𽣣ƥİâʸס
䣡
䡢䣡
񳾽ǵ˺ҧÿ˺ҧһ£ҵ𶯣СһȦʮɾ޽ܿСΪɴСվĺԣֻһԺɵһ֧ʸԶһͷĺԿɱȡͷ֮ҲΪİɫĩ
ϵǿԪɽסԹʸĿâȥСΪСɻҶصСҪǰвһƬͺƬҪΪʲôҲδ
ҶջԪһϸܵѺۣʹͬʱһҡ
ɲ֪ԹǼǼʱͷų񳾽Ԫŵסǵ˽׹ʸϴһ˿׷ȫס֧ԹʸĹ
еλʿһĻȻ
һۣһʱ벻ףųǰΣϺȥȴ֧ԮҶȥ˿ⲻǰװ˷ѹǼ𣿣
ʷв죬ҶӵԪڵսֻ²֮¡
ϺգҶصʵȫԵǰ棬ȴƫƫ䵽ȥԼͷ
ûʱôࡣ
һǧɾǳ̣ǶԽʿ˵ҲǺ֮顣
߽׹ǹݵʱֻܼʱһʿѸޱȵУת˲Ѿƽɽ룬ͷŷĸ߽ʿ˹ȥ
ûĹǼвȫɱƴʦʯ岿졣

˳һֽ֮ԹǹĻ́ͷŰеҶأ𾪡
ףȻסˣ
֧޴ԹʸȻ˵סˡ߽׹ǹ١ҲֻǸҶһЩ鷳ûܸҶش㹻в
ʱ洫һ
ڸʲôΪʲôɱˣƴʦݺݵĶһ˫Ŀβסŭʡ
ʦʲôɱ˭ɱ˭ɲѾ赲ʿסʲô顣
Цӱгʸ˼ת¼ѾɱˣЩ߽׹ǹȻҪתأһȫλ
ƴʦ֪ΣҼͣԭأתӣһȺнʿСӺ߽ʿˣܲĳʿɱ˹ȥֹ׷ɱʦ
Ϻɫһһ߼ʿսʷѩ׷׼սȦλ߽ʿսҲֱһ߼ʿס
Ҷظոǿеȸ߽׹ǹֵ£˴ķһʱ仹ûȥѾ˼ãս벻붼νˡ
ߣûôס
ۼƴʦҪӣ޴һġһʮɳ߽ߴ˳İƣ̵ͭ˫ðɫ׹⣬һţһȳĶȻǰһ߽ʿ˹ȥ
߽ʿ½âɣ׷ɱܵƴʦ
ƴʦƽսֻ̼ӣзɿŹŹֵ
𾪵ǣʦ֮Χнʿһɺ죬Ƿһ㣬۴еĳͶǹĳǹ籩꣬Ļֱִ죬Ȼƽʱǿ֡
ںЩǹԼǼڴĹǼ֮Уżһ֧߽׹ǹֵǿǼȴڷɽΪǱ
ɽɽһƬС
ٿʱƴʦѾһȺнʿȺʧ֪굽ȥɴŭֿطɽнʿնȥ
ϧ
ѾԶˣʱͷһۣȴƴʦҲѾӲɸеϧ
١ŷӦղŵЩΪ
峤ΪղŲˣȴԶǸˡΪʲôʦҪǻ
Щľʵ
ҹǹʿʲôʱʼͷˣߣʥŮȥͷҪʥŮ˲
һۣ߳ʯǷɱȥ
١ǹֲٶԣʹͷɿĸ档
ȻϺӵʿͻϮûһٽɱƴʦǱƵĶӣɽϵʿʧȥȣΪս״̬
άɽսָʿʿʼסš


393 ɽͨ
Ҷ𽣺ͻ񳾽Ԫڰһɽڡȼλʿںλ߽ʿһȺнʿɱδȥĴѰƴʦ䡣
ʦҶز⣬ȴΪ졣ʿȫͬȴ֮Ч
ͻȻҶһΣУȻɽȥĵһĻ
¡¡﷽ԲĵȻҵ𶯣ɽѣɽʯڰɽʯǳǽʯƬĺȻҽеȥ
һ춯صľ죬ɽһŰʮĹģӿγһСɫӿ߿գʶȾɫҲӳճɫ
ںʿսеڽʿʿȻͷɽڣͻľס
Щڰеʿڶʿɽ緢˳вȣ׷׵ڵɽϡʿ̫ɽڣ񱩵һţգ۹֪ϯʲôطȥλʿƣҲ׿ɽڡ
ˣˣǰؾĺͨٶȿˣ꣬ٴεϣһΣ۸ĴۣҲҪһλʥߡ
ȺвӰƴʦʱȴٶðͷֳֺľȣ˾ɽڷǳһطϲžɽڣһ㽩ϣ¶쳣ɫ
ʦ㲻˵Ҫ²ŻῪΪʲôͨǰˣ
ʥŮľž緢ɽڣΪ޴𺳡ƴʦһԣ⻹кüײʦηɽڡ
ǲʧɣͨʱѲ׼ȷô࣬ȻͨѾˣǱ̽ȥִͨؾռȻܱĲʿȶ˹ʵ
ƺܿӿϲлָ侲תͷʥŮ࣬ϵʥŮֻǸ߽ʦಿ䶼㡣ֻǰؾΪʥʦܳΪʥŮöе岿䣬㡣
Ĵǧнʿô죿ǵʵ޷ͨͨЩˣҪҪȽǻܣٽͨ
ʥŮ
ˣȽͨܿҪڴ˵ص˶ᱻû

ɽڴ緢֮󣬺ܿ
ƴʥŮ࣬ΣգȻɽ֮С
ڶнʿ׷ӿɽڣɡ
ǹ峤ٶȳ嵽ɽڣɽ¿ȥѾƴʦʥŮӰ
ɫŭ
ͷȻƭ˵ͨٻҪŻῪͨͨؾϲи߽׹ǹ֣ܱײʦˣ
ͷڹǹȵžԹǹһԾɽȥǹʮ߽׹ǹ֣ɿĸǵ峤ȥ
ﲿĶʮ߽ʿе죬ݣХ壬ƿɽڡ
Ӻʮλ߽ʿ˸ϵԥķȥ
գ۹лŵϰ߽ʿԾ׵ɽ֮СнʿδȥͨΣԼ󣬲нʿġ

ľڳĵ죬ھУʼ̮ûʯǣлΪƬķ棬ˮû
õǣǰʦʩչĺѾΧʮɵľˣߵڶ޴Ҳµ˻ҳ뺣ס
ǾҪ죬Ҳޱȼѡ˵ĴսѾֹͣенʿȿֺ취ûĵ졣
ǱͻľŪˣһʱҲûȥЩɢӵʿ
λʿ߽ʿɽ֮ŷӦŷɵɽڴѾࡣ·׵ɽڣ
Щ߽ʿɽȥʲô
ɽףͨʲôطɣ
ʿ۷׷ףȴûһȥղһȺ߽ʿȥ϶ԭ򡣿ЩʿԴ˺֪飬ķ⣬Ȼȥ
֣㿴ôһ£
άϺһۡ
һڴ˵ǣŵ죬ͼıͼ֮ɽˡȻЩʿȥΪʲôҲȥѵڽʿЩ߽ʿɣ
Ϻ˼һ˵

Щ߽ʿȻȥǿ϶аգװȥΣգΣҲǶ
λʿϺĿ׷׵ͷ

۷׷׵ڽʿУʿӰĬĿ׵ɽڣ˼
ҶسʷƳһۣʷ֣Ĵڴ˵ʯǣȷʵΪɽڡʲôܵĻɽڡ㿴ɽжΣգ
ҵ㣬СȺһ֡ټЩ߽ʿΪȷضɽ֮ڡҶľɽӦд͵ȻѨͨ򺣵γһͨŶԡܻޣΣԲȥص׻ߡֵðһԡ
ʷɿƲŸֿԡ
Ҷص˵ͷʷλѧΪӣͨ㡢󷨡ء෽档ʷʵεġ
Ϻɫ커ΪɽڡάóһɫߣΪƹ⣬ɽ֮λʿͶɽ֮С
ҶҲȡһˮϵˮ飬УͬʱԦ񳾽һƿŨصɽڡ

ããЩԾûҪȥ뿪ɣ
źڶɽڣЩ顣
СȺ岿ʵ֮ǿ֮⡣۱ʿ˲أҲսˡȻ˵Ѿû岿ѾɣûҪȥðա
ãҲȥ
ۿҶزٿԪȥˣаգȴӵȰ˵˵һ䣬Ȼɳһҫ۵ɫˮϵɽɽڳȥ
˽һۣһΪı飬û˵ʲôȥˡ
ӵ۾ΡˣһΪʲôҲŸʲô˼䣬Ҳֻŷȥ
ڽʿΪ˵õôûеõô֮ǰȻ᲻뿪Ǽɽڡ
˺ħ˵ʿ˲أʣµһȺʿڵϿշһֲҽΣյɽڣãȻȻ뵺죬ضеȥˡ
ʱ֮󣬵콥û


394 
ҶؼԦ񳾽ɽɽڣ֮һͷһ޴ɫ֮СֵС̺Ӵգۼ佫Ҷأ½ɫеĽʿûк֪ʲôط
޴ѹҶصˮϵּѹļΣٵķ⻹ǽʿܵѹǻͨʿֻҪ̱ɾ޴ѹ顣
Ҳ֪˶ãҶЩڣԼʳɽڵʱͻȻоѹһᣬѾɫб˳
ٳܿʱ򣬷Լһص׺Ѩ
׶ѨڰĺˮѨϳһЩɺͺ壬ŵʹâһЩֵİСȥϵĺҲ΢Ө⣬˿ǿ
Ҷسܴһܿ侲
߲ã֪ص׺ѨжδָʲôΣյĺޣ赣Σա
֮һŵɫĹâƺǷĹâ
ҶһֲٿŻ񳾽һˮ飬ССĽ䱸˹ȥ⺣ףӵһǳˮϵӵиսƣҪطһϵս
Ҷس⿿ȥŷɫâһ˵Ľʿ
Ҷѣ㣡
ʿҲֳһལСĵĽ䱸ţҶس֣Ϊϲ
˵ѣҲоˣ
Ҷһ£ϼλʿĽʿأ֮ǰ˳־ȹһΣûҶʲôӡ
ǰղǵйŹ֣֪εءҶ֣Ҳңܱһ˳⺣׺Щⶫյĺ޿ɾ١
ؿЦ
Ҷû˵ʲô
ȫİĺףܻܲһ뿿ʵһеʱҲҪ̫Ҳûãֻܱ߱ƣ¡
Ƕ⺣ѨһȦ
½½ʮλʿ⺣ѨɽҶغϤĽʿ⺣Ѩڡ
λʿֵĵطһͷˮֻȾһȻĴѰҳ·
⺣Ѩʮִ󣬹ʮﷶΧҡ
һ֮󣬷ֻһСĳڣ뿪ص׺Ѩһ·ͨ
ʮʿۼ⺣Ѩĳڴδ̳ȥ
⺣ѨΪȫδֺ޴ڡǳ⺣ѨȴܷĽ׵ĵͽ׺ιȻǵͽ׺ޣҲ֤ˣ溣򲢲ȫһȥʱȺĺޣǸ߽׵ĺ޳û
׾гȺ޳ûۼһʿˣǳס֮ʿһ𣬷ɢжȫһЩжҲ㡣λΪΣ
һλ۵ߣ˵ް׷ɣȻǺϲŽ𵤡
Ѽʶ㣬ڶѪɫ֮Ȼӽѵİš
ʿЦ
ڳȥ֮ǰڽʿӦЩޡ
ҶشڽʿһаеĽʿӦöɫиˡ⣬ʿӦҲ⺣Ѩ
ҶֵǣδϺά硢ʷʿҲûзκһʿ
Щ߽ʿȵִص׺ѨӦѾ뿪
ϺάʿУҲѾǰ⺣Ѩ׷Щ߽ʿȥˡ
Ҷطɽ΢һЩֻʣʮʿ
Ҷš
ͻȻּ޶Ŀ⣬żеˮϣĽ֮⡣
֮ǰ˭ҲûϵԼ׷ɱʿ⺣ףԺܶʿҲûȥ׼ˮϵӵжˮϵģֻһЩʿ
Ҷеˮ飬ǷǳˮϵˣΪСɵ֮ˮϵע⣬Ҳ
ҶزɫĳǼĿƳ˹ȥħ˵ļʿ˸Ŀ⣬жˮͷֻģȴû⵨ۼ˴ʿĵط֡
ҶЦ
ûбֳκɫתͷǽ̸
⽯ǽĲʿڽʿħ˽ʿ΢һЩ
Ǵ˿򣬻ϺάȽʿڣȻΪڽʿеͷ֮ˡ
֣ʶ㣬֪﾿ʲôطȥ֮ͨҵܲ⺣׺߶ɣ
׷Щʿ⺣ʲô
ʿǵʵ
һ£ƺڿʲôðβ˵мֲ²⣬ֻǲ֪׼׼ȷλѣǿĹϴ˵
Ĵ˵ʲô
ڳһĽʿ¶һͷˮ࣬ʵȫѹסЩʿ䶼ȥ˽⣬Ȼʷ˵֪Ĳࡣ
һ˵Ӧؾ˵֣˵Ĳؾɣ
нʿͻȻ뵽ʲôͷ۷Źâ
֮ǰһ̫϶ǲ̽Ļ֮һͨؾһͨϹʱڣ֮ԴʢΪӴΪؾĴڡλѹҲ֪䣬гݲʥϰߡֻ֪ʥȫǴؾлõġССĲ䣬ÿһʥؾйҵؾΪѣΪؾ̶ֻͨײĴʦİ취ҵؾ֮ͨأؾʲôʱʲôط
˵ͷڶɽ磬м֪ؾĴڣʿ֮䴳ɽһֱⷽļء
ڽʿ¶֮ɫ
ҶҲɳһ֪йŹ֣һֱʲôû뵽ȻͨؾȻˣҶ֮ǰδؾĴڣȻҲ̸ʲôϲܡη֮ġ
ģʥͨؾĻôҵʥǿԿ϶ˡ
˵һؾؾؾؾ֪ͨһؾ
֪Ľʿѯʡ
ӣֻ꿪һεؾؾ֮УСһؾؾҲǽΪȫһؾؾؾֻһ룬ûʿܻ߳ȥȫ
Ц
ڽʿԣ׷¶ϲ֮ɫ
ظ˵̫磬ؾȻСһؾͬޱȡϹΪ˽ؾȡʥ֪˶ʿ⵽ɽʿѹƣս˥䣬ܹؾȡʥʿҲԽԽ١ؾڵޣȻҲԽա
һĿɬԴԵúֹۡ


395 
̸֮жؾЩηͱۣδӰ쵽ص׺Ѩڵʮλʿ
ܹμӴ˴岿֮ս˺ħ˸ɹһȺ𵤳ʿȺᵤõʿĸ緢ʱǰССѷ
ؾ
岿䴫˵еؾ֮һ
ڽʿܿϢıصļֵ˼ɿĻ
ȻڽʿƲ壬ôǶȺ鲼ĶΪʿѹƶ˥ȥʮӴɲС
ؾʥأڴ˵ʥһЩʿ˵ҲǶȻĶ
ؾϢȥԪӤʿҪҴҸ˵ؽᡣЩʿɺ֮£ؾͨʱĽؾǼĻԵ
Ҷվڵص׺ѨСĳڸĺȥʶ̽һ£̽鷶ΧΪޣֻﺣΧ֮ڣͽ׺޳û
ʿʶں̽ȻܴܵƣҪڵϣʶһ̽鵽ϰﷶΧ
΢΢üͷ˼ʲô
ҶתͷΧվŵڽʿȥ
ЩŸʿվһٵʲôεϲеĴʿɫвʿɫ䣬Ĭԣһɲģ
ҶǽһʿȺʿУǲۣʿע⡣ӵһˮǳʺϺжˮϵһ񳾽ķǿԪսʵڽʿҲֻеʵӵзԪĽʿټ
ҶҪĽչʾʵ̫ļɵʵ̫ױʿɿ֮еʵʿע٣Ҳױ˺ԡ
֣ؾ棬ʲô
ʿʵ
̫СؾĹоأҪͨһƬĺִͨܵؾһ·ϻٵĺޣؾڵĺ޸ǿؾľžȱȫ޼ءЩϧҪžģҶ֪һЩҲա
ҡͷ̾һ
ҿҲضˣȻǶѾ⺣ףһ·뿪ܣֻðȥؾԣĵʿΪһСӣؾ
нʿ͵Ĺ
߰ɣ
˭һߵģǬԪʿ֣ɻԣļλԸ뱾ͬͨ
֣֣Сһȥ
ڽʿҲٶۣ׷׽Сӣ½Сڣͨȥ
оʿ֪ȺĿ¡Ϊ˱ͺӴĺȺһȺʿ϶ܶһЩ㣬ױȺ֣ɱܿȺ
λѣƺǶһˡǼȱһˣÿԴճˡ֪ѿԸҵһͬ⺣ͨһֳַϵƮȻҶԱߣЦ
⻹ʿϵһ
һλ欵ŮӣŮħ˵ʿһ˫޷Ŀ޼ɵĴҶأ촽ЦЦƺҶĸȤ
һݺʮ־ɣɫ
һͯģʿǽʿòȴʮСŷۺɫĶǶʮֹ졣Ŀȴ˲
ˣǽһ㵽ʿҶħ˵ʿ
ء
ҶĮȻĿǼһֱۣӾܾ֮ǰˮ飬⼸ħ˵ʿСӣǲ⡣Ѿǿˣʲôɫ
λѣĪƲҵˣ
ϵȻûԤϵܾ˸ɴ಻ɫλʿɫҲʱÿЩѿ
ҶƳһ£ǵ˼ûУҲûں⼸λħ˽ʿ
ϵҶظǵ룬ɷȻȥλʿ뿪Ҳȥʿ飬ֱӳСڣ뿪˵ص׺Ѩ
ڽʿ½ɶӳȥ
ԶЦ̸ʲôżƳҶһۣŵǱ񳾽ϣҧ촽ȻµƿĿ⡣
ȴܲζ
ΪϽʿȻһ۾ϳɽǰ𽣣ټ񳾽ѾҶóĵڶԪˡ
ֻоͬһεϵɽΪһףɴнͨϵɽϵɽԪϵɽɽ
ɽƷʵԽߣнȻԽǺʵġҪߵεķɽѶҲʮٱӡ
ԪɵĴнΪǿϽʿҪһ׷ȴ˭ܳġȱһ޷ɴнԪȻӲܻһ׶״зɽ
˼ĴۣҲű׷ɽɴнѡδڣûܹõһԪĴн
ƺûȥǹ⣬ѾƳԪˡôģһܹԪ
ߣҵ뿴һֱղһԪĴнô죡

㣬˵ʲôղ룿
ںɽ̸βܴͨȫִؾȴˣ֡
ûʲô˵̫ˣҪλܴһСӡ
ɫ΢죬ܿ糣˵
ǡ⺣ʮΣգʿҲȫһЩӺķɿ˵ͷãҪȥλʶĵһ·
ҿҶ绹Ƕһˣֻһλ͹ˡ
˵
һϲδһ𡣡
Щһ
δԡ
ƮȻҶԣһͬС·ͨͨ
Ҷһ£ͷͬ⡣
⺣Ī⣬кޣҸ߽ʿڶѲĽʿ
ڽʿģһΪĳЩʱ򣬾˵ףȺʿǳŴ˵صġʿ֮䣬Ϊ˶򶷣ܳ
һ⺣ðգԮ֮ء
һλ֧ģȴλĽʿ˵ЩԣڽʿвϤ֮ˣҲ͸Ҷءһ㽻飬˸ɴҲϡ
Ҷءɽص˵ʿֿط˵ص׺Ѩĳڣ֮ȥ
⺣޷еġˮƶģǶˮӵˮͨˮϵʿֵطռ˺ܴıˡ


396 Ѫ¹ɺ
˵ص׺Ѩ֮ҶءСһʿĺǰС
⾲ĺףһЩŵϻĺǡ֮⣬һʿԵĿӳϵĻ֣ĵĸɫԲιâзĹâһƬںԵøҫۡ
޿ɱ飬Ҫǲӳֻ֣ͷŷǵδܵסͽ׺޵ͻϮЩâȫס
ҶɫĮֿˮͻ񳾽ǰ棬һ̽ŵ·ͷ
Ȼǰؾĵ·֮ǰһȺ߽ʿڽʿСӾƬЩ˶·ĺۼֻҪЩۼ߱ˣõʧ·
⺣ף޵ٶȷǳ죬ʱΣԡǰںûʲôǰ淴ȷΣգʱ
ɲЩ嶯ǰ棬Ѿͷ߰࣬侲㡣༸ʵҲԼǰ̽·Ϊ׵
⣬Ҷز̫ԼİȫǰЩ߼ʿڶʿСӴ߹ǼΣպ޵ĿԲ̫ߣֻҪСĽһЩˡ
ǵĲǺޣʿʿµ鷳ʤ
ĸҶصĺ治ԶСɽһϮӳյĹʶĿԴ̬֮
ķһ籣ֵм䣬΢ͷ¡
ɽһɫ«ҡڵں棬ȴ˾裬ϸе۾ʱĶкͻȻΧϮ
һԼ档
һʿĬ޻ںǰС
ЩԺ֧СӳԱ֮΢
֣ղλʦ˵ؾڵＫ࣬ʰǡؾõЩʲôؿСӵЩƣ˺һһƳĬ
ߣҸûؾıٶ࣬Ҿ۱ıô񣬾͸ֱӻȥˡܵطҲ֪ôܻȥ
ɽЩš
ĲȻܴһֶǳȥġҪ¶Ѿڷر·ˡ˿ȴòĵֵĺС̽աһиʧˡ
۱Ĳƴ֣Ʒֿϴ˵ص䱦ҲõóֵķûССҪؾڵõϡıҲûаһˡ
εЦЦ
ɽ㲻ͱûҪ㲻ȱǮƱ˿ȱҺÿûǮƷؾſıأ󡣡
ͷ˽ɽһۡ
ɽĿ⣬ͷʲô
ҶػͷǼһۣЩԡ
˵أ뿴ܲҵŽΪѵԭ򣬱ǰɽǱ̨ҲȱʯƻûҪֵطðΣա
Ҷزôࡣ
СӽʿһƬﳤĺ
ǰһƬɺγɵɭ֣Щɺɫ죬ɫɫɫߴʮɣ鲼ǰ
Щɺ֮дļ϶ͨ
Ӻ׵ϴĺۼϿʿʿСӶǴȥġ
һ߽ʿʬ壬ɺǰɳʯϣͷһȭͷСѪȫѪɫһ˫ŭĿԲƺĿԻһѵС
Ҷ漴ͣ΢۾Ǿʿʬ壬ǰɺɭ֣һţ˼ʲô
Ȼ֪ͨΪգŸոսͨû·̣㷢һ߽ʿʬ壬Σճ̶Ȼǳ֮⡣
Ҫ֪һ߽ʿĿ£ʿ˼ȴɥ
ЫЫǱһͷЫģܰһ߽ʿɱϵĺЫ￪ʼѾָ߽ˣƬɺɭӦһͷ𵤼Ы
ɽӺƮ˹鿴һʬ˿ڣɫ¶һ˿ɵ
صȽʿ໥һۣ¶ɫһͷЫΪ壬ǱƬͨխɺɭڣȴ˷ʤ
Ҷ֣㿴ɺɭûн𵤼ޣ
سԾҶص
СЩ߰ɣ
Ҷسһ£
߽ʿȻӦ׼ǣŽ뺣ͨɥһͷ𵤺޵УҲԵʿ̫ˡ
ʿһĿܡ
ʱ˵֮󣬽ʿϸ߽ͨʿܿϺ󣬴ɺɭַ׷ǵĽʿɽʿɱͷЫĳλʿѱޣδɺɭֵĺޡ
Сʿƿʿʬ壬ɺɭ֡
Ӵɺɭ֣ǳ࣬Ҫװ
˵صȺĶࡣ
Ϊ˵ɺ֮ķ϶ʮ͵ĺ޸޷żԼͷͽ׵СͺιҪôֱӱǾߣܿʧҪô۾ĵͼۺ޳Ϯǣڽʿնɱ
ɺɭʮҶͻȻһԶɺпȥɫȻ
ֻ֮⣬һ͵ĻҰɫɺϣһС߳ѪɫɺѪżֹ鶯Ϣ
мֵһѪɫɺѾ¹ģڴСɢŵĺ޹ΧѪɫɺȻûִ󣬵ҲС磬ۺɫˡ
⾲İƵĺףһСѪɺǳŨѤĿĳ̶ȡΧһڣһ۷ҫ۵ĺɫâ
Ѫɺ·вٺ޵ĺǡ
Сʿ¶쳣֮ɫ
⺣׹Ȼ䱦ôһС·̣㷢һ䱦ǿǵֵ֪ơ
Ѫ¹ɺ
ɽϲʧ
λʿУɽǼʶ㣬䱦˽ࡣһ۾ϳɺ
Ѫ¹ɺʲôģ
һգգǼѪɺȴϲǵѤĿ֮ɫ
ɺޡڵޣɻʴӣܴǿǣǿѪزۡιޣҲԴ޵Ԫʱ䣬ͻƽᵤƿñĽޣ
ɽɫЩֵһ꣬ǧˣļҲжٵ߰ݡѪ¹ɺͨں׼֮԰׸ǷǳѼԼòϣȥҲǮһݵѪ¹ɺ˵ǧʯһǧѪɺмСȡ⼸Ѫ¹ǣҲûа˵һˡ
ɽǰȻ˵⺣׵䱦ںһѪɺȴ༸˻
۱ʿһǿҵȺãǾղ䱦һ䱦һֱܵеĳ嶯ѪɺзŹĵ
鱦ͨޱѪɺ޴洦Ϊʲôû޽ʳ
ɡ
Χһɺвٺ޿ݹǣһЩںĶѨȻǺѨ֮ء


397 顱
˽ɽⷬԻС༸ʿĿ⣬Ķ͵ĻҰɫɺǼֵƵѪ¹ɺϣзɿԼʵܴܲӺ޵ػ֮жȡ⼸Ѫ¹ɺʧ٣㡣
ҶҲ̲סǶӴһ
ǿɺһѿݹǣҶͷһ顣
ͨԸֺƷʼΪ˽⣬һ۱ܿͻҰɺһι״ĺ޿ݹǲкϵĺ޺ǣ߽׺ǡ
ԼãҪʳ⼸Ѫ¹ɺнϺǺܶģ˽𵤼ĺޡ
ȻڵõѪ¹ɺ֮ǰɥػ޵ĿС
Ҳ֪ĺػ⼸Ѫɺ⼸Ѫɺڳǧʱ԰ȻûмǿʵĺޣǾزס⼸꺱Ѫɺġ
ңɺ·ЩĶѨ棬ܿѨһȺޣһͷЩӦһֱڴ˵أֹĺ޿⼸ĵر
Ҷһ뵽ԣָ̻侲ȥȡ⼸Ѫ¹ɺ㡣
ӵܣһǽ𵤳ʵһǽ𵤸߽ʵܡ
ԳɳֻʬΪʵʳʵ
ֻļƷʯ޷ǿʵҲʳ
Ѫ¹ɺ޵Ʒüѡ
Ҳ˵պޣѪɺûʲôôȥ׸ǷЩʯѡֲȱǮƣżȫ㹻ĿΪ⼸Ѫ¹ɺ֮ͨһȺʵǿĺȺ˵Բ㡣
Ҷز֣ζλʿõ⼸Ѫɺ
ǿҵģǽɽ
ɽɴ۾УðǿҵƷǰûκεֿڰ׸ǵŮʿʱҲû嶯
ˣûкػ⼸ѪɺҶҪȡߣããϵܣһæһȥȡ⼸Ѫɺºƽ⼸Σ
ɽ޷ѹƽѪɺƷеĳ嶯ݺ˵˵꣬漴ͷųŵĻ«׼ȡ
«һϵ׷
ںˮ֮أϵ֮бһңȻˮϵá£ʿԼķȻĵסѡӦǲƵķ
ɽɽǽϵͻϵ˫ʿЯĶϷȫԻϵͽϵΪˮϵҲҲҵˮϵҲʹٳ
ε飬˭ǻʿҲǽɽĵײԸ⺣ͨðյԭ֮һҶǼˮ鷨ĽĽ
ģҴн󻤷ǽ𵤺Ҳһס㾡ȡˡ
ȡѪɺȻûޣҲȥǮȴϲѪ¹ɺɫƳδţضǳҫĿ
Ӧһһӣɽʱ⻪䡣
֣Ϊ㻤
˷ܵȥ׳˽ԼΪһʮɽâһ԰ǰζâ£֮
ãأҪǲֵĻѪɺɾûķˡǰЩӲ˵׼պѱһͷѪɺѱ޵ĳɹܴӣҲͨ޺Ϻܶࡣ
ɽʵ
ðɣ
˶֣һԥ˵ͷɳһʵĻ籣˷׼
Ůӷ׷׷ɳ׼ȡ䱦
ʿȡ
ΨҶûб̬ʼֻǸһˮƽĿš
ɽ¶ϲɫʿѾˡɲţʿò⼸Ѫ¹ɺػޡҶسֶһͲһʿ֣ٷֳһѪɺȥ
Ҷ磬㲻ҪѪɺڰ׸ǷпǺ򵽵Ʒ
һֲٿɽЦӯӯĻͷҶʵ
Ҷؿһۣ֪Ǿ£ȡѪɺɡԼʵȻҲûҪȰ衣
Ҫ־;ɣøСӵʿ̫ԶҪ촩ͨؾﻹиƷδرѪɺ
һ£˵
ˣҶػǼˮ飬ɴˮΪԷһһ˾ɺµĶѨޣܻܿ޵Ĺ
޿ɲҶǲȡ϶
ڱҪ£ΪСһԱҶػǻֵġ
Сλʿ׼֮
漴ȥȡѪɺ绤ҺøסѨĺޡҶ硭һԹսáЩѨе죬޿϶棬ʶ̽ȴûʲô֡
˵֮ʿɢɽͷڻӦ͵ĻҰɫɺ
̶ʮɵľ룬ǵƶȴ쳣Сĺͻ
ڽ֮£޵ĹǼ׺ġ
Ҷظԭδ鵭ĿȴĶЩ׶Ѩϡ
ɽҰɫɺԣЩѨɺ޶
λʿһ
ЩѨҪôǿյģҪôЩѨڵĺ޿ѰʳȥˣδܱͺһսǼ顣
ɽִ䴢ȡһСĽн׷һţкݺݵĴڻҰɺϣͼϵǼѪɺ
ֻǻɫɺǳӲȫһ̣Ȼֻһļۼ
סⲻɺɣ
ɽ¶ղ֮ɫ
ע⵽겻̫۵ĻҰɫɺҲЩõԭϣƳɸ߽ˮϵֻǣԭϵЩͼҺڶ࣬ʿ̫ͨȥǡ
磬⼸Ѫɺ𣿡
״ɵĵ
û£ֻҪСĹСΧ޹
ɽһ˫ʺƽսУھ򣬲Ϊ˵
ҶسɽķһۣȻͷЩѨĳڡͻȻƤһһѨڴĺˮһ΢ˮƣƺʲôˮлۼ
ϸٿʱȴʲôҲûп
Ҷһݣղǵˮƾǻþ
Ҵ⣬ǿʶѸɨΧɷԲɺ֣ϸ̽ÿһÿһ纣ˮüͷǣδܷκ쳣
λСģѨƺж
Ȼûκ쳣֣ҶػǾСλʿ˾档
صʿ̳ܴȥȻǼȻҲûзκ쳣ĶɺɵҶһۣҶǲǿˡ
ҶزԳֻǺˮγɵĲƣǺƯĺۼ
ɺ𶣶ܼɽڷɿýھѪɺͼ콫Ѫɺ
ͻȻΧˮĲƣϢͬʱλʿʮ֮ڸ֡
ûκϢûκף⼸Ƽƾճ֡
ģʮӰεɳˮâλʿ˹ȥ
Сģ
ҶǼƳֵһɲǣͷѾȻȡͻâתѾߡˮɲǼâţٿɳˮĳǵâ˹ȥ


398 Ƴԭ
Ϯ˽ľڷȾȻûκԤסҶվΧȲ״Сڽʿ⵽ʹͻϮ
ڽʿˮâϮɺȻɫæٿطӦԡ
顢顢飡
ǵҶնˮâһնɳˮӭն˹һ֮ڣǿޱȵıɱ˵
Ҷسһ޵ĹȻ˹
ˮʩͷųˮȥֵǵâٿĻ񳾽Ҳ
ȻһţΪһӰһ༲ǵޱȵĵâͬʱֿʹ񳾽ǵˮâ
ǣ⺣ˮȴԶ½һ谭
ҶصٶȱԤ֮Ҫһ֣ǵˮٶȸܿɣâѾնݺݵɫĻϡ
âһҶصˮϵַһ꿦Ĵ̶죬ɫâٰȥۿҪ˺ѡɼ޷ֵײɣ˸һɺϡ
ˮâ׷
ҶڳæԻ񳾽˹ȥ
ž
ǵˮâײڷǿϵԪϣδܸҶشκ˺ʧ
ҶŻųѵˮϵȹס
˿и˫Ŀϸһ㱡ķâʩչĿܰɺɨӹȥǿʶͬʱΧɨûκη֡
Ҷðһ˿ŵľ¡
̤֮·ʮðδյĴ
Ŀʶ޷׽ٵλá
֪һͷʲôϮ
Ψһȷǣڹ֮ǰһɲǣֲס׳ֵ̫٣һ֣񱩵ϮѾ֮ڣѼʱӦ
ܿ죬һٴǰʮ֮֡
Ҷð⣬Ҳ룬һ񳾽ּƴնȥǣȴնһգͷӰĺѾתλãһԵޱȵˮâҶؿն
Ҷзࡣ
ղųܵһػѾӦһͷ𵤳ʵˮϵͷŵˮϵԿܽʰ
ȴҲڵλãֶΣҲʩչ
ȵϣҶҲֻȫܵķݡһ߲ϵˮٻһˮȥֵˮâͬʱû񳾽ԼңԷһ
һϵԪɽҶػ΢һ㣬Сӵλʿ˿̱ù
⵽ˮϮѾûȥǼѪ¹ɺ
ʲôޣ
Ĵŭ𣬼«׷
ֻ«ͷϷһҡΣһŵĺɫ棬ûΪһֻֻĻӥΧտ֮ȥЩӥںгʮɣϨΧĺˮ֮¹̷ڡûյͷϮӰεĺޣȫ֪
«ų汻ˮ򻷾ס޷ӳ㹻ɱ
ӸɴӴͳһʮŸɫ߽׷˳ȥ̵ģˣһѪɺļǮֵһ߽׷ýʹޱȡ
Ƭľޱ컡УΧһƬҡ
ϧѪĳΧ׳ʮŸ߽׷Ч΢еĻҹ˿մδ˵ޡΧһͨҴΨһôǣ޷׿Ϯ
ĻɣǰʿƬɺ֣أö֮ΪĻꡣֻĻŻӰΣϢ壬ҲټǿĻԱܿʶ̽顣
ɽһͨҴ֮ɫףʼûܷʲôϮһĺ뵽һµĿԣɽקĹĵĴ
ܣĻôͷˮϵˮն϶Ǿ֮ͨˮϵ֣취ҳǵ壬콫նɱǺܿŲסԶ̲ס˵˫һӣ׷ɽΧֹ޿
Ǹû취ڵλã޷ɽ󼱣Ż«ɺҴڱӣһֻΧˮûϵϮ޷ͣ
ôҳǵλã
ɫף촽λʿʵ
˿ͬһؿľںˮ֮УҡҷûκϢ׵ɺɰʯûʲô
﹬ʿյ취ֶκܶࡣ
ľһ֣ڽ¿Զ޵Ĳ̽Ϊͨľַʮޣ˿̻ûΪһؿľֻʱܿ޵Ϯ޷ɱС
ΪǱλʿˣЩ޳һ㿪ʼƴûнһԻӻûĴнǿҲû취Աֻӣⱻ޶ϡ
˵
ѾųнͼޡĴнɱǿҲ޵ڣǿĹҲûκ֮ء
нֻʣ·ĹЧһɫâ⻪ԼŻסҲСбȫɵһλʿ
еޱȵࡣ
С༸λʿҶ֮⣬ɽصʿǱ٣˵ʵǼǿġ
Ҷֿˮ鷨ͻ񳾽ԪһɺȻ㹻Ա֮Ҳһ㣬κޣֻиɵ۵ķݣ޷
ɽɿѰĴҪʮƵĸ෨֮УҵԶԸӰ޵İ취
ͻȻɽһͽ׷һЦҵҪ䵽ʲôطȥ
һĴһʮɴСڵ˳ȥһ¸ΧϰɷΧĺͷϮκޣҲ㲻ˡ
Ȼһˮƣ̳ھڡ
ͷκѾסڷ
ɽ׽һͷκޣ˷ܴС
ҶءʿƼǾһֱɱκ
λʿûüˣֻꡱһ£㱻һޱȵҫ۵â˺ѿһ
һͽ׷סκһ
ǵˮһ´˳ȥںˮʧ
ɫٱ䣬ٴ⵽ͷκͷųˮâϮҽæ·ӡһ߼æҳʲôԸͷ׷ɱκޡ
Ҷ۹۲ãһɺһ࣬ˮʩųһˮԼΧзɿѰ˼ŶԲߡ
أ޷֧ȥ
ǵķò˶ãͻᱻǼͷ׺κ޸Ĺ⣬ʱСʿҪɥڴˡ
С
ˮͻ񳾽Уýźáǹڲͬκ壬ܲҲȫ˰ɣ
Ҷذ
ҿ϶ܲܶԸκޣֵһԡ
뵽˴׳һ޴ų
ҡͷβ֣Ҷصʶٿ֮£ΧᣬͻȻ˫ĿڹһһţҶ෽һʬҺ
ž
һŸŨޱȵĺɫʬҺʮɷΧˮȫȾһƬŨīˮ
ʬҺʴɱΪ¡
ʱһ̶һʬҺȼɵӰĺޣҶؿŭȥ


399 Ϻ
Ȼˣ
ҶؿһŨīĺˮУһӰɰϲ
ֵĺмɫ֮һմȾϽʬҺ֮ٳɫҲ޷ȥ
ʬҺǿҵĸЧڸԪԱ
𵤼ʿմȾһʬҺҪ÷ʬҺױƳ⣬ҲҪüʱʱ䣬οޡ
ͷ޿ŭУһƵĺɫʬȻѾʬҺȾϣڿθûչͷ޸޷ϵĺɫʬɾʱڼ䣬Ҳ޷Ρ
ֻƺ֣֮޷ͷʲôޡ
ҶĿһ˫ĿâǵӰƶ
ûж룬ˮ鷨ţ˲ʩͷųɳˮǵӰй˹ȥҪôġ
ǵӰٶȳĿ죬㲻ܣȻһǰˮײһ
ͷͻһ£һɳˮâںˮһš
һܼУˮһնϡ
ҶؿһĻԵһ
Ҳ̫Ե˰ɡ
ˮˮϵ˲ʩųˮнˮϵǾȻһ涼סôͷ˲ˮӦñȵϸ߽׷
˲߽ˮϵһͷͨˮϵĽ𵤼ޣսԱͬ׵ˮϵʿ¡ĺòҪȥӲ
Ҷ֮࣬תҪȴ޿ˡ
һҰɫľɼɺҲǽһϵԪǰͷޡҪܿѾ
Ҷһҧһָ񳾽һɫâǵӰ
ʱǵӰˮ赲ͷٴͻһ£һˮųҶ͵ֱײȻܵײ˻񳾽ϡ
ž
ǵˮâݺݵն˻񳾽ϣһɫâѸ˼֡ϵԪΪǿһˮС˼֣ȴΡȻĻҶǰ
ҶزҵӰຣ˳ȥҪͷ֮ľ룬ȻʹԪԶ뽫ͷնɱ
һͷٶȼˮϵ𵤺޾̫Ϊաֻ룬ȷİȫɲԼʮأȴСһͷ׽𵤺ϡ
ǣǵϲƺĵӰ΢΢һһ˲Ϣʮɣٴζ½Ҷصǰ棬һ˫ɫС飬ŭ֮дһ˿֣ĶҶء
Ҷ˲ͣͣǰɵĵӰ¶һŵľɫ
ѾɹƳͷ޵ԭΣ޷ȥҪնɱҲһΪѵ顣
ٶ̫ˣ׾ٵˮ˲䵯ʮɣټĹΪɱҲΪ
Ҫմ˺ɫʬͷ޷ƾɫ֮ɱ֮С
ҶסΣֿطǰ侲ĺͷϺţѰ˼Բߡ
˫֮Ҷڿͷ޵״
һͷԼɳޣͨ͸ӣͷһߵļĴ̳ݣŭĵɫС飬һ˫״ǣ֧ϸǯӣһεβͣģȻһͷϺ
ˮâǴͷ̳ͷųġ
ҶؿͷʲôˣȻͼԼɱڴ˵أлӵԶֻҶصĻ񳾽޿κΣǿ£Ѱ
ҶؽӲĸԭأз
ٶȣ½ϻߵĿܣ⺣ˮ޷УǾӲѵġͷϺںбٶȿһ
ͷϺѸޱȣսˣһϸߵǣթͨҴһһֱΣСӵʿʵʩ͵ϮͿԿһ㡣
ҶȻͷϺĿսȴƽû˿⡣
Ҫ˵ͷϺս£ôսҲС
˵սɵͷϺ´ࡣ
ҶµںӰ٣û͵Ϯ
ǰ֮ͷϺϮ֮²ϵĳԱ񣬺޻֮ΪΡ͵Ϯһ£һˮʧ
û취з
ȻѾʬҺƵԳԭΣǾͲǲսʤˡ
Ҫ˵ҶԼǽҲܸɵͷϺ
ҶЦ
ӲԶ˹ںζԵʮֱ׾
ϺһԵɫӹµתһ£ȥеľ֮ɫŨҡʬҺǹʬܵĸеη塣
һιòҶغͽ֡ǸʱҪҵҶطصܡ
Ϻٵȥһ͵سҶص˹ȥΪһĵӰͷĴ̳ݣֱӳҶͻһˮâ
Ҷ׼ˮâһһʵɫˮĻǰϺһͷ̴ɫˮĻ֮󣬵ģһ᲻ɴݵĻ񳾽
ûܳϵԪ赲
ҶѾʩչ󷨣һΪһһ޶ʩչбҵķĹ⣬ʧͬ׽ʿҲֳͷĲϺĽϵǣȻ޷ֳҶص١
Ϻͻҳ壬ʱһ£Ӻڷ㶣ôͻȻһҶ֭ޣЩתǲ㣬ҲĶڱ
ʱ򣬽Ѿ˹ٶȶȻ͵ŵʬҺΧһƬʮˮȾī֭ɫȻſ޿ڣ׺ݵĳϺȥ˺ҧ
𿴽ҧȴΪˡһҧУ߱ͷβɨУн׷Ҳ׾ٵ˺ѡ
ϺȻѸҲȥͽϺ˿ɣȻͷ̳ݣȻĸײȥ
ľ飬һ̴Ϊĸ⵽ش֮£Ԫ᲻ϿʧɡȻζʰǿĶ֡
ϧĶֲͨĺޣһͷδĹľ飬𲻵κЧѡ
꣡
ǰһǣʱޱȵĴ̳ݸ̶ϡ
ںǰĹ̶ֳȵ˺޸оٸǣһͷ˿Ӱսֻӷ
ҪɱĹĶĺǣ𲻵˿ãֻлǻŵöСǶѿԻ޸Ѳܳɱ
ŭȻһ˦Դͷһ˺ҧϺһĴ롣
Ϻûнʹʹ֮£зһˮ޴ڵʬҺ˿ڣѸּ֡Ϣĸʹ಻
ļ˳ȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ΧɷΧ͵ϮСλʿϺֹͣ˹ˮоӰεĲƣȫĳҶڵλó˹
ҶسɺΧˮȥɫٱ䣬һ
֮ࡣ
Ҳ˵ͷϺΧһ
ҶؿһĻɷࡣ
뵽һϺȻôࡣһͷϺı㶼Χ˹༸λʿϺ˹


400 ǿ
ҶصĿЦһţһٵľ棬ܿɫ
ںͽɱͷϺ֮⣬ͷϺ泯ٰΧȻǵʵײ㣬Ƿн𵤼ʵǹ⿴ǵҲ֪ǳöԸ
Ҷرݵͷתһ룬ȴųӵĴ㡣ͨˮ֮ƬˮĶˮٶȣԿ첻ЩͨˮϵϺݵ³ֻ·һջᱻ׷Ϯ
ֻɱͷϺȻӦսͷϺУɱһͷһѹ
Ҷޱ飬ðɱ
ͷͽĽϺ˴룬Ѿ˲᲻صˣʬ壬жѾԳٻࡣ
Ҷ֪Ҫĵҵһ䴢׳һһɫɽͽ׷Ϊâ˳ȥ
ûг֡
ֵ
ɿĲٿͽ׷սȦͽһ֣ͷĽϺչΧ
ҫ⽣
˿
Ҷصſڼһ糤Ľɫ⻪һɫ⻪תڵһ㣬μ䣬һͷϺӭȥ
ͷϺԭεģһմȾʬҺĺɫˮΧ֮ʧմȾʬֳ˵ĺɫۼ
ҶҪڱͷϺΧγɺϻ֮ǰȸɵеһͷΧ
һԪټѾͷųϵԪνԪȫ˲ʺˮ򶷷֮⣬ѾʩչǿķֶΡ
ҶΣҲ˲ôˡ
ͷϺ
Ҷʶһɨ̽ǰͷϺµĽλʵ
һɫڱ˿ϣҶǰͷϺŭӶʱĴһ£ͻԻ
ٶȿΣһ˲Ի㹻Ҫ
ҶһЦһӣһâ
͡ҫ⽣͸壬ͷϺؿڳһ޴ѪʱͷϺδΧϻȦҲδγɣѾơ
ҶһУٶתӭս༸ͷϺ

ҶڵһƬɺɫˮ֮⡣
С༸ʿûлعս仯̫ˡȻˮڶĲƳ֣ҲҶغĽںЩصĺ޼սûŪսı仯
Щ޶ûУǲǰȫˣ
ɽŵĲٿĻ«ԭش˰ΣעΧˮĶٳٷûк׷Ϯɾʡ
ʶ̽鲻кöͷ޶Ҷȥˣ磬ܽ㣬ҪҪȥæ
촽
˵֮䣬һؿľںˮûŪǷǱصĺ֮ǰҳȥαװǿµĺ޵Ϯʵʮǿ
ԭأЩԺֻԶһƬī֭ڵĺ洫ͺ޼ҵĴ֮ҶںͶͷ޼սսΣ˭ռϷ磬ȫ
ˣɳ༸λʿȥ
λʿһʱ䶼Ǿ첻
ǴʱȫԹߡ
ȥ֧ԮҶأȴֲ׳źɫĺȥһڵСˮȫǱŨʬҺǡǿҵʬҺɲ˭ҳȥ
ĿҲ޷͸Ƭī֭ˮ
óȻȥ»ûɱޣԼһˡ
ңǵڣҲûŪʲôϮǡ
Ƭɫˮвʱðĸɫâļ˺ҧսƺǳҡ޵Ӧòͷ֮ࡣ
ҪҪȥæôຣޣٲ֣ҶҪֵס
תͷ˿ȥʵ
Ҷǣ϶ẰǳߴƬɫˮûǳ֣Ҳûд
ԥһ£Щҳźˮȥ
λʿΧƬںˮתһȦֳȥΣ̫ջûгȥ
ҶһһޣƬɫˮ֮Уͷޣɫˮ򷭹ڡ
λʿûе̫á
һĹҶغޱ飬Ƭɫˮг˳ҲûˣֱһɾˮϥһƣٻָĴķ
ųǽȫٶʮǣǾȴ˷ܡһƬɫˮΪˣſ޿ĸڡ
֮ǰȥĴʬҺ˸УƬĺɫˮҲָܿ峺ֻµĸζ
һСƬΧˮȫƽ
λʿʱڿƬˮе״ȴ¶֮ɫ
Ƭˮеɺ鲼ĵۺͷײĺۼвɺս֮Һͻ𱬡
ϣɵģͷϺ
ͷȻ߽׽𵤼Ϻ鲼˺ۡһͷǱҧģһͷڷɽ֮¡
ͷϺ
һͷϺնΪء
ûˮϵζǶ¶͸ĵɫ󡣶ͷ߽׽Ϻȫ͸϶մȾ˺ɫʬҺ
սſЩϺʬϣʳɢʬܡ͡ѵĺǣҲɫ⻪סĸԭ
⣬ϺǶˮѲһˮϵ֮һͨˮϵζѹӰ١
ɽƼЩȥľϺʲôӶͻ˳ŵڴҶء
ҶؾȻƾһ֮һٻɱͷ𵤼ϺͷʵԲһϺ
ʵԲǽһʿӵС¾ǽĲϵнʿҲһ㡣𵤸߽ʿ㹻İɸɵǡ
ɽ뵽˴ɼѵһ¿ˮ
ʵҶĿǰΪôɵͷϺġ
ͬʱаңԼǰҲֻǲƵѣ˫ûнʲô޷ĶԹĻλСʵǿʿԹ³ɾ
һ˫ĿɨǼͷϺҶأɫ쳣ĸӡ
ҶʶôãڿһЩߡҶһֱʵ޷ͻȻϺϮһֱΪԼʵҪҶǿһߡ
ȫôһ¡
ͷϺΧԱΪѣΨһ³սҶһѪսһ㹤ɱͷϺɺǰ
ɱͷϺʱ򣬾ó˶ʵ
ղҶڶʱƬˮŨҵʬҺڱΣĿ޷͸ӽȥʶҲ̽鲻ʲôֻڶķâ˸
һξã̫͹λϽӳʵˡϽӳȴֻϺĵӵӳûԭġ


401 սƷ
ҶϥڵأϢ֮󣬳һ
۾ɨΧһȦ̿ɽصλʿڲԶĵվţʲôżɺɭΧˮſܳûĺޡ
ҶƳһۣɫĮ𲻾ǰļսһļ¡
ǳѪսȻݣȴա
ڵķʶĴ
ڿս֮ΪһһȥɵķټԪһˮϵˮһڳߡ
ʶͬʱٿԼķͽȥͷϺ
һʵҲֻ֧һĹڷĽߣʶҲѾ˸ɿݵľءýǣסһͷϺʱĸɵһͷϺӭսʣļͷʵԲһصϺ°ľˡ
ҶشϢ֮Чһʱȫָ˷ĵʶҲָһС롣
СӼλʿҶصϢ֮ĮĿ⿴ǣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôźã׷¶֮ɫֹ
ԭʿǼѪ¹ɺɱػޣûһȺӵζ֮ʵֲϺϮ
վݱҶضԻɱһػޣǼ˷ûгʲôҶصʵԤϵǿ̫࣬Ǵ˴νù㲻ҲԱ
ʧɵģ֮£ǵȻһ仰Ҳ˵
ճΡ
ǧݵѪ¹ɺңļݵǷ֡λ
ҶɨʿһۣĬһƽ˵
Ҫ˵ûһŭǲܵġҪǼȡѪɺ챦Ҳ뱻ͷϺΧһߵվ
ƫƫַá
ڶ½أҶͷҲصˣԼٱǼۡ⺣ͨǺ
ҶкԼʵǿҲ޷ƾһ֮ͨյĺִͨʥ֮һؾСӱܴƬյĺͨ
ղţķʶһѪս֮ľһգȫɥʧսҪСʿһԣһͷ׵ĵͽ׺ιҪ
Ҷ޷ǣΨһģҲֻвİһƷõѪɺռΪУΪԼղһðյĲ
ɱ⼸ͷػ޵Ҷ磬ǧѪɺҶӦãû
һֱͷҶĮĿ⣬˿Ҷطʣæ˵ͷ༸ʵҲûɣ
û
ɽɥҡҡͷ˵ǧѪɺȻֵǮ챦ǺΪûķݡ
ʱѾȥ˿ľαװɿĵͷͬ⡣
Ҳûзԡ
ǶҪҶسֻ֣԰ǼͷϺľҪ˵õ⼸Ѫɺˡ
ҶһǧѪ¹ɺ
ļ꣬λʿ֡
ڷѪɺʱҶãȻٷݡɽҶصĿɫ֮У˼ֹ桢ɻ󣬲ŶٸӵζֻԼ
Ҷ벻ǣһѪսȴһĽǾ֮УȷԼ֧Сеͷλ
˱˸ɹӳĽʿ֧СӱûͷģҪʲô鶼Ű죬˾ûҲ˭ӵжϾ֮ȨսƷҲǴƽ֡
ڣѪɺҶص˵ȥ죬Ȿζ༸ʿĬҶСеͷλ
ܺ⣬ǿΪڶ˾ռߵ顣
λʿʵ˭Ҳ˭ȻҲûͷ
һʿʵԱʿǿһأױĬΪͷ졣
ҶܾҲܡ˭ʵԱǿһء
ʿѪɺ֮˳һǼͷȥϺ
ǼͷϺô
ʵ
ͷϺմȾ̫ʬѾʼΧãѾϵˡɽȥ鿴һ£ʿҡͷЩϧ
סԣͷĴ̳ݣûбʬá
ɽͻȻ¶ϲɫһضѵɺǵĴ̳ݣɼͣ˸žӨĹ
ǵĴ̳ݿԸȻ÷ʬ֮󣬿ƳнˮϵƷȻ½־΢ЧķǿļǮϵܣæ
æĽԼȥæ
СƬ̹Ǹͷ𵤼ϺͷĴ̳ݡ
Щֻ̳Ʒ֮Ч챦Ѫɺϡ˽Ƿˡ
߰ɣǾ촩Ƭɺɭ֣СӵʿǿѾҪԶˡ
˵
һ¡
뿪֮ǰҶһɺĻǶѨһһ£˹ȥһѨڡ
Ѩ̫
еĶѨ໥ͨģԴһѨɽѨѨһ޳ѨȻǼͷϺĳѨ
ʯͷɵļªѨʮöСĵ쵰ѡ
Ϻѣ
Ҷ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ղҪ뿪ʱ뵽ϺĳѨںܿе֮Ķû뵽ȻҵЩѡ
ҵЩϺѣôرĻ복ȥѱ
ϺӰΣϢ޷Ŀʶ̽սǿļƷ߽׺ޡ
ͻʸסĻ복ȱһЩػ鵺ޡ
ʸ顣
ֻʱҲʺϵĸ߽ѣ׸ǵķϳ۵ϡٸ߽ۼ۹ߣԲա
ѱЩϺص죬ض𵽳ϵЧ
ҶһӣʮöϺ˴С
ҶشӶѨڳ
ʿ
ƺû޳Ѩϰߡ
߰ɡ
Ҷصһۣû˵ʲôֳˮ飬ɺɭȥ
Сһʿһ·¡
ʱ֮ѭĺۼƽɺɭ֡
ɽûǳǷǣżȻɺɭеϡ֮ҲûٶʲôͷȥǰȺϺ̫ļɵ
Ҷǰ棬ͻȻͣ
Ѿ뿪ɺɭ֡
ҶسǰȥһƬͺͺĺɳĮ
ɫɳɫĺˮɳĮһ޼ʣûκ֮ǧɳĮ֮ûгκκݣɺ֮࣬һ麣׾ʯûУȫϸܵĻɳ
š
һƬš
㱴
Ҷزɲ졣
⺣Ȼֵĵط
ʲôط
༸λʿŴɺɭֳɫЩѿѭʿµĺۼҪǰؾ϶ҪͨƬŵĺɳĮ
ƬɳĮ˵Ŀտɲʲô顣ζţһںɳĮȺĺ޳ûǽûж֮ɺɭһ㣬ɺɭбܿȺĺޡ


402 
Ҷڲ죬ƬɳĮֵŵʱС༸Ѿ۷׷ס
ƬɳĮʮֹ죬ƺûлڡ³ҪȻмΪײе޾סƬɳĮ֮УƬɳ֮ôܰȫȥ
ǰĺɳĮɵĳҶصѯʵ
ò£ڣʲôҲʰǾŽ׵Ľ𵤸߽׼ޣʮϵԪӤޣƾʿʵӾͲŻɱˡ
ɽֵظ˵
ˣȴûðʧĳƬɳĮȥǵɴ۾ǰޱŵĻɳһ¿ˮеĻ«Ҳץĸʱһ㡣
ɽתͷҶؼۡ
ҶڣɽҰԳԼı¡ϴִֵģ˼ȴϸ塣ǰ棬ûǰϺİ죬ȴһҶǰ̽·
ð˷̽·ȴò㹻ô飬ɲɡ
̽·ֿҲֻҶʵǿ͵ҲصĶӳȥˡ
ɽҲûĥףҶʩչʲôͨɵһСȺ߽׵Ϻģ˶ʵΨһ׵ǣҶû֮ǰòҪ³δϴôˡ
ƬɳĮûڱ֮һģĺȺƾܣĻҲкôҰԶ⵽޵͵ϮдģĺȺ֣ҲǰǵټʱܿҶ磬ôأ
һЦҶ˵
ֻӦ䡣ҪƬɳĮȺûĺȺˮζٶȿ϶ǿ죬ǿֻʩչɳ֮¡ֻǲ֪еĺޣΣ᲻ᷢɳ¡
ҶƽһЩԽʱҲ벻ʲôð취ôܰȫͨƬΧǧĺ״ɳĮĿǰֻһһ
Ҳÿ
ⶫҪһͷʮԪӤʵĺޣǶ군ʵĿֲޣǶɳҲס
ϰ߽ʿڶĽʿСӣѾƬɳĮйȥˡ
ǲôùΣա
СλʿûʲôõĶԲߣ໥һۡҶɳĮȥ༸λʿֻӲͷƤŽ˺ɳĮ
һСƬ̡
һУ滹зµĺۼϢӦǶʱġǰҶͣһ£ĿһһУŴɳϷɳһɳ˴صУС
Ҷϸ߲һǰƺܷ飬˵Щ߽ʿӦôƬɳĮԽȥǰؾʿϺͼʿݵĽ֡ûѪζӦòʤϲĻǰӦûֲܷսµĺۼ

Ҷ֧Сʿ뿪ɺɭ֣뺣״ɳĮ
ãһ֧ħ˵ʿСӣʿɺɭг
һֳַϵһķ۶ͯӣһλݺͷ欵ŮӣЩǱȻҲ⵽ɺɭں޵Ϯ
ϵ˵ˣȫְǼͷϺȡǼϡѪɺƫƫҪѪɺʲôնȥʿСӵʵڿɺãǧѪɺ˵Ƕʿװ׵ȥˡ춵˾Űٶ߽׽𵤳ѩǳǧѪɺʮ꣬ͻƻΪ˽׽мѩָտɴȫûˣʲôң
м䣬ŷۺɫǶİСͯӣݺݵĶϵ۵ϳܻԹŭ
ͯƶ죬ԹЩϺ֮ǿĲ˼飬ױܿʶѲ飬ƶ޷ҳǣô׶ԸƶҲҪǼѪɺȥιޣϺ͵ϮȺϺƶŸ߽ˮݷֱȫ֮⣬ʱܿȺϺϮֻҪԴ
ϵɫ䣬ҶصɳĮнԶȥıӰƶȻֻѪɺնϺȥСʿʵɱϺɹȡѪɺɲƶ飬Һʲô
ˣλˡ⼸˵ĽһʿȻǼͷϺˣֻǰ˼ǿʵ˶ǽڶʿȴһʿʵ硣Ѫɺն֮ƣǰ׷һ˼
ŮȰ
ǵδأϺ֧С˭ӵרſϺ֮ͨĻǶǽһʿҲʰǼͷϺ˵ʿͨƫĲɲ֤Ǳǿ
ϵҡͷ
ôϻϵѪɺѾǵˣֻô죿
۶ͯź״ɳĮнʧļӰ¶ݶĿ⡣
ǰؾĺͨޱȣǰ϶иΪΣյĺޡϵų׶ݣȡʤҪĺܼ򵥣Ҳضֻ֣ԶԶĸǱǣʩֶθ鷳ǱɱֱӼˣܽϵ챦׷ҵУҲ˿ĺ󻼡
ϵֳַյЦЦ
ɱɱαѶϡںɳĮһϮ̳֣ǸɵѪɺˮȡ֡ǧѪɺ־ڱصá
۶ͯһ䳰Ŀо֮ɫ
ߣƶѶϣ̫˰ɣʿôɱҪûܴɾһ϶Ҫº󻼣˺ħ˵ĸɹ֮˺ɱǿɲá
ϵԷ۶ͯӵ䳰ȷʮֲ
Ǿͽնɱ󻼣͵ˡֲûɹ飬װʲôߡĪǱϵ㺦¸ɹ鷳⵽𷣣Ҳѹ֣ǿ˽ɹò˲ŽһɽʿȻСҸɹ鷳ɱ˵ʿհǰ˺ǡ
۶ͯǲм
ϵԸⱻἰ˰̣÷۶ͯһ½˳ʱɫ࣬ƺ뵽ʲôӲ
һԵݺŮһۣϵͷ۶ͯ˼ҵִЩΡ
ϵеͷ졣
ֻΪϵḻԵʣһΪͷ
ҪΪս۶ͯӾڱϵ֮¡
ݺŮӣʵҲȱϵͷ
飬ϵһͨǵж˶ͬ⣬һ
ͯΣһֱͯģ춵ŵͯɹأʮֹ챩壬ֱֱȥϵϲˣļıӽȻͬΪһЩĪԭִ
Ǽ˵ӣǺѴһġ
ħУǼλǡʿܲã͸ħɹԹĶࡣִħɵʱ򣬼ûʲôʿԸһǼòһж
ϵܣӣǶλʲô̬ȣǸ˺ˣһֱӳɱǣ
ϵ˵˷۶ͯӣֻתȥ˵ݺͷŮӡ


403 ɳ
ҿͦεģɱδϧСҵ󷨲㾳磬ܵǶˡͻƵ㾳ָտɴסãǧɱˡ
ŮӿһЦʱǧģһ˵ĴⰻȻζ
ϵŲ˵ĵȻĶа㾳ħѾ˰ѳֲסͻ㾳ǻ˵áǿѹĹ
ϵûаĻ̫һ¡
Ҷ֧˵ĽʿСֻʿɽ϶Ե˵ĿκָȻҶغضʿˡ
ɱЩ˵ĽʿѾǼѵ顣ܣЦ
ϵΪȻƲƲ죬תͷݺϵôأ
⣬ҪɱɱҪұĳ˿ɲںＸ˵ĽʿǵŮǻá
ݺɫΪһ¸촽˵
һԵķ۶ͯԣɫݺŮһۣ˵ıģȻתͷ𴦡ͯɹǼɻŮ֮£ǰ¡
ϵΪѵĵ˵ͷŸں֮⣬˶ֱӶɱˡסֻͬ⡣
Ǻðɡȸȥ׼ʱٳ֡͵ϮĻ͵ϮϾһʿڶʿδز١ǶһʿƣֲΪϵĲ㡣֧СӻսʤͷϺսͨСҪǿг֣ҵδˡʤˣֻҲǲʤòʧλΪΣ
ϵ˼һδóȻ£˵ԼļƲߡ
ˣǾһ͵ϮɡϣԶˡ
۶ͯӲͣٺϵǰĺɳĮʿ״׷׳ɳĮ

Ҷءһ˵Ľʿ֪һ֧Сӵħʿڴǵ⡣ѾɳĮһﺣ·һ·ɷƽ˾δ쳣֮
ҶΪơ
Ƭŵĺ״ɳĮȥûôΣաޱ޼ʵɳǺˮ޵ӰӶ
˵ܹһ顣
ϣһֱɳĮʲô鷳
ҶһƬɳɳʱͻȻһ
ֻǰɳϣʮССɳС
ЩɳУ©һģɢǰһƬʮɳĮϡСʮɣɷΧ
ҶزһݣЩɳУһֵĸоǰ߹ɳĮȻһƬţһлЩͻأֵɳУһֺܲĸо
棬ɽصʿҶԵɳϡЩɳУͬ˵ľ档
ôôɳУ

Щɳзǳۣ᲻ǰﾭʿµļǺţú˸ߴ·ɽɳϣͬһ㶣ϲ²
ƬɳĮǰСӵʿδؾǴȥġ˵Ҷæ׷ʿ˭йɳĮŪССɳУ
ûĳɽһۡ
ܽ㣬㿴ЩɳУ᲻ǺˮдﾭȻγɵģ
ϸһ£ֲ˵ȻҲɳĮ֮еĺޣŪɳСЩɳпǵѨӷΧһܻ޵ϮҪҪܿЩɳУ
ƬɳĮܴûĻֱ߱·ߣƫ򣬺ʿĺޣòҪƵ
Ҷس˵һ䣬һۣ㲻˵
Ĵϻۣ׹Ҷص˼
ЩɳɢɢķֲʮﷶΧҪƵܿǵĻҪһСȦӡȻƬûзеĺ״ɳĮƫ
ҶĿǣȻѾĬΪСӵĶӳȻҪ׸ĵһСʿɳĮ·ǿֳЦˡ
ЩɳǲǺŪģȥֻҪȥ̽һ֪ˡ㰲ȫĻֱӴǰԽȥҲ·
磬˴磬˭ȥ̽һ
һ£תɽЦʡ
ȥȥ
һҪȥɿ£붼ֱҡͷȥ챦Ժ⡣ûκκôðգɵӲŸɡ˭Ҳ֪ЩɳʲôޣĺޣҪù
ȻֲԸȥǻȥ̽ɡһֱλúôȴҲûΪʲô顣˷ΣҲΪλЩ顣
سһ£ĽԼӧȥ̽顣
ҶΪ⡣
λʿʵ˵ʵôǿ֧ʿСӵУʵڵڶǿһЩعȥ̽ĻҪðСķա
ҴֱûʲôǸ֮ģʱ۰Ͱ͵ĸɽ˵ĺ棬һЩ˶Ըɵ顣
ҶضҲû̫⡣ûκƴǣȥð̽飬ֱЩ
ҵȥɡ
Ҷһ£ջûȥðգǷų޴еĽȥ̽·ͷҧˣֻҪ𣬻ָܻҪǱ޸ˣɾͻָСеκһˣ֧СӺܲ
һҶطųͣס˻нȥ̽·Ȼٴӣȥð̽ЩɳС
ɽصλʿҶزٿŽȥ̽ɳУһĽ
˶ǽһʿֻҶزһͷޣ˶ûС
ԭġ
Ϊ˱ģӰ쵽ͨʿڽᵤ֮ǰͨȥޡޣʿûʲôôרԦ޵ʿ⡣
Ϊʿ֮ӵ˸ΪԪʱŻ㹻ϾȥѰҸ߽޵ѣޣоĵѵԼս
޵ĳɳҪܳʱ䡣
һʿͨ˽ڡڣпܻӵԼĽ𵤼ޡ
ҰֱӲ׽𵤼ޣǼǲܵ顣ҰĽ𵤼ޣʵǿҲ׽׽סҲҰѱ
Ȼˣһ򵥵õ޵İ취Ǿȥй
ԦʿѱޣеʱȥʿҲܵ͸սʿ֮ȱ㹻ܣⲻͨԷӳ㹻սļƷޣڷǾ򲻵ġ
ֻԼѡޣã޳֮󼸺ʿһ壬ܹӳս
Ҷһ㣬ӵһͷ𵤼޵ʿɽ缫ټ
ҶصͷޣһͷİĸϡеϡƷ޿ҪĻԵܵõɲ
ͷֱҶؽһʵԵĻͬ׵Ľʿ޷Ҷشʲô鷳ġ
ɽˣҲֻĽķݡ
Ҷصʶٿ֮£һʮɴСɳУڵ˹ȥɳеıԵᣬƺʲô̧ͷҶһۡ


404 ɳм׳
ᵽ
Сɳкޣ
ҶءСλʿɳи쳣Ϣնʱһ½׷׳ɽ«籡Լȷ׼ӭС
ǵĿʶͨ±Ƚǿܷܶ࣬޵мֱʶ̽Ҳҳ޵м߽䣬ѱ֣ʶ̽żҲʧЧʱ
ͷǰĹԻǳУҳһЩмĺ޳֮ǰɺɭӰεϺǽǸƳġʿԽѰ޵ΪΡ
ҡŰ׹ɭɭĴԴɳԱһϢ
ɳûʲô
Ҷйɳܲкޣ״һݣɴݽ©ɳУǿɳڡ
Ҫɳвк޵Ļ϶ᱻҳ
붯תۼڿʮĻɳ
С༸λʿ˿̲ɶɴ۾ϸעŽһһͺƬɳеĶ
ڽڻɳԽԽ˷ܣҪͷĺڳʱɳͻȻˡ
һƬǳҫۡصĻɫâ˲串סΧһɵķΧ
ţԭֹɳУͻȻתһɴСΧɳתɳУǵɫâεɳ֮УϵɳȥҪǿɡ
ɳ
Զڽʿɳһʧ
ԭǻϵĺɳ֣
ҶغһԵɽصʿٵ໥һۣβסľȡ
ϵͽ׷ϵʿͽ׷ûʲôɱȴϵʿõֶ֮һ
ȻֹʿܶҲ᱾ܵĻͷųһЩͷųص׻Ϭˮͷɳĺͷų֡
ɳ𾪵һССĵͽ׷ȻǿҲ԰ѵĵز
ɳ֮Уȷͼɳѳǻɫâ֮£ΧĴƬɳס
ҲǺöԸģ֫ǵĴ󣬻Ĵɳ֮˳
ಣ
һɫӰɳһžһºݺݵڽĺȹϣȻ󽫽ƴϡ
Ҷһһ޲ɫ̵βޣֱ۰ִжɳһҪʿʵˣµùεƤ⡣
ǶڻǺǣͷӲޱȵĽ˵һβӼûκá
о˿ʹԼĺȱһ޵β޸סڶвð׺Ĺâͷҧסβޣͷɳеĺƴ
ͷ޵Ȼûнôֲӻɳĸ˳¶Ρ
ɳм׳棡ҼһЩʿ鼮п޵Ļͼ˵ֻɺ½ɳĮгϵͽޣɳĮ̶ӵƥˡû뵽ⶫĺɳĮ֮УȻҲܼɳм׳棬ұ½ɳĮϵҪһࡣ½ɳм׳ı֡
ȵ
ǺȻһͷɫɳм׳档
ͷɫ׳еЫӣϱһɫ׿ǣɳϸСͷӺڼ˳һ˫ϸСӾĵŽ¶һŲݵһһϵĳ˻šϸβͣĴҧסѲ
ţͷɳм׳棬ɳϷ˺ҧ
ɫâ˷һɳͷ˳
ּܿӿɹɺɫĺˮʬҺ
ûͷɳм׳浱һ£ſ޴ڳҧȥֱ죬Ȼûнĺڼ׿һҧѣǺ޵ĺڼ׿ǼΪӲ
ɳм׳Խ׺ʮη壬ֲϸԴڼ׿֮У¶
Ҷؿͷɳм׳ʵܿ
ͷ׵ϵ׳棬˼׿Ƿǿϵ֮⣬ûʲôر֮һ뿪˲ɳϵҲû֮أǽĶ֡
ֻһͷڻɳеɳм׳ѣʲô˵ġǶ֣ͷɳм׳ɵɽ֪ͷ֮ͨ󣬶ʱ󷢣׳«һɳм׳ȥ
λʿŲɺЦֺ
ɽղϳ֣ڿûΣգȴʼ
ýɽεǣɳм׳ںڼ׿вһʱҲղӲǣҪÿ⸱ڼ׿Щ鷳
ٵСƬ̹򣬲ҧӲǣˡ
Ҷز˷ʱ䣬ؿһۡ
̸ӦҶصĿ⣬֣漴˵ͷһָһɫ⻪Լͷ޵ϷǱԼΪһĽɫ⻪ֱĻвеɳм׳档
׼׳ļ׿ǣǵֵסʿĸ߽׽ϵġڼ׿⵽Լȫһ꣡ѣӿһѪҺ
ͷɳм׳У˼£еĻƹȥɳм׳汻Լ̴˸أѾ͸
ҧѵĺڼ׿ǣĴϳһͷȥĺɫļ׳棬ʬ
ι˽Щɳм׳档ʲôԣһ˵вж󣿡
ҶûܽתͷʶΪ㲩ʵ
ʿĴǼأɳм׳һֻĮɳ֮£·ɳ֮УȻɳϢɳСǲɳԡұǶǳȺĳ֣ȴֻᵥһɳһ⺣ɳĮɳм׳ԣӦø½Įһɡ
һ£ɿ˵
ҶԼеЩɳм׳ЩΣգ벻һ˵ȻֱӴɳеϷȥǡǰʮɳĮɳм׳棬ȫЩ̫ʱ䣬ûҪǡ
Ƴһɳм׳棬ͷ׳ĺڼ׿ǲֻѾٻûļֵֵܣû߰ɡ
صͷַһͷɳм׳ʬ壬δЩʧû
һʿܿӻɳϷˮмɳĮǰнȻȥǲɳµɳм׳棬Щɳм׳ҲɳϮǡ
Ҷǰ棬˲ãɫͻȻһ䣬ʶɨΧˮ̷ڶǱŵĺޡ
ԣкޣ
ҶغɽصʿӦҲ
ǷɿʶɨΧ
ڵ֮УʶѹƣΧޣֻҡǷΧˮǱΣдȺͷޣĸΧˮ֮УһĶǡв𵤼ޣҲ׵ĺޡ
λʿһʱ侪ɫ৷ס
֪ǣںʮ֮⣬һ֧ħ˵ĽʿСӣǾ·ߣٱƽ


405 Ϯ
ڵĺˮҰãʶҲ̽鵽ԶҶ֧СʿΧǺ޵ʱЩǱڴ˵ذȴʳĺޣڵλѾֻ롣
ô£ΪʲôۼôĺޣɽΧȺȥһʧ༸λʿʵ
Ҷ뵽ʲôһֳЩȣ¡
ԭΪֻҪȥɳµļ׳棬ƬɳĮͲʲô鷳û뵽ԼҲп۵ʱ
壡ƬɳĮΪɳˮɳµص֡ɳˮǺʳĵ̣ɳµصɳм׳ʳ̡ЩˮвɱЩɳм׳ڵɳУȴ׷ﾪʧɳ档ֻҪǵʳأͻ⵽ǵϮ
Ҷ¶ЩεĿɬ
Сʿһ£ֻ˺̵ܶʱ׹⵽ˣµ塣
ʳ壬ʵɽ粢
½ɽĳЩΣɽҲһȺյݿգһȺ½ص޿ŵ棬ʮĬֲɱǵھ
Ҷаһ䣬벻һʱ죬֧СʿȻ⺣ͨɳĮһȺɳм׳滹һȺޣƵС˵ȥЩ
ˮл⵽޵Ϯݶɳ»⵽ɳм׳Ϯˮлɳ£⵽Щ޵ϮģЩҲ̫ƻˣȻˡ
ɽƿڴ
ȺѾγ˺ΧϵĳСʿƽҲûȥѿЩ޵Ľթþ취Ӧвǡ
Ҷزδתܡ
ɽصȼʿΧĺֿطҲûкˡ
󲿷ֵ޶һǣܹڶֲпĵطηǿ֮ǻܿǿУרСӵ׷ɱ
ʿȺɻһǲһеתܡ
ʿһɢǿϢúҲη壬ͨȺܹ׻ɱġ
Ǳ뱣򶨣ŻϲߣȺɵҪǷܣȺ޼ɵںϮǡ
С˶ǽʿ޵Ĳɱ鲻٣Ȼһ㡣
ΪҶصʿʮֵͣԭأδתܣԺȺҲδ̷ĹΧߣߣƽһ֨ҧҶصʿѹתܣ¶
Ҷ磬ô죿Щ޺Щ࣬ӭսǱߣԹĺޣ۵С΢΢԰ףС֮ɫΪ򶨵Ҷء
Ҷ֣ãﻹмŸ߽ˮݷ˿ˮתƵ֮ȥҪ뿪˵ɡɽĴڻһЩæ˵
Ҷûˣתͷʵι֪Щʲôޣ
ҿͼ¼伮ЩӦ衣ζٶѸͣײѪһֺޣóȺûʳޡǧ̺Ӳǣܱǵ˺ҧѡǵǳﷶΧڵζųϮٶȼ죬ǺںȺ衣
˵жԺ˽һλΧƽĺȺϸһ¿ĵ伮ɫܲá
ȺԼжͷʵ׵߽֮䡣߽׽𵤼ͷ׵Ľ׵ԼʮͷʣµĶҵ衭ʿ֣ȫӲɱĻаոɵһȺ衣
Ҷ΢΢ͷ׹ĿȺɨһȦٹȺǰΧĺ޵ʵ˻ֹ۵Ĺơ
Ҷֻ֣̫ðˣɱȺ裬ǵķҲҪĴ˭֪ΧûȺɱȺ֮һٳȺǽȫҪڴ˵ءɽ˵ﻹһС߽ˮݷ˵
ߣҵȻߣܿޡ˵гҺܹ˶ͨˮϵ⿿Ÿ߽ˮݷܳԶ߲Ƭ񿴲ͷĴɳĮͷᱻȺ׷ϡˮݷȲѵʱðɡ
ҶضԽɽĽüͷ
Ҷ磬磬ˣȺѾΧˣֻһҵľ롣ȺҪСξҲֻǼգ۵ĹѡҶ磬Ǵߣ¾ϡ

Сʿ˿̼еĿⶼҶأȻҶرĬΪӣؼʱ⡣֧СӾҪҳһš
ɱɣ
Ҷһ˼ĿһɱȻѸٷС˵񣬡ܹ㲼нԭһؽ󡣽ЭιӦϵܣٽɱɳµص׵ɳм׳棬ɱɳµɳм׳档׼ݷһǵסȺֱӶɳȺϮȺˮϵ裬ˮζٶȻ죬Ǿ޷ɳ
ҶصȻ֪Ҫðķա
ǣƬ״ɳĮϤȲ˵ܴܲȺ׷ϮߣǳɹȺ裬Ҳ״Ⱥĵ̣δػá
⺣״ɳĮĴҴշ
ʿ֣߳ɰܹɵȺ裬ǷСİ취
Ҷ磬أ
Ҷذ˷ãȴûҶԼλãɾ
ңȺͷ𵤼ΪףҪȺɱͷ𵤼衣ûͷĽ𵤼裬Ⱥ費Ϊ
ҶصЦ
һſͷųâһɫâСһɫâСһɫâСһɫСıɽգۼ仯Ϊıʮɵľʹ󽣣ɫâţҶصΧˮ
ţҶıԪɽŽȻ˳ȥˮлΪһ˵ĲˣڱƽȺ˹ȥֱȡһͷͳʮɵĽ𵤼衣
¸£
ͷ𵤼ȻҲĺܣоҶسɱһɣݷĿȻ˦Χڵͽ裬㳯Ҷس˹ȥΪȺͷ֮һǲƵġ費ȺɱҲǺ֡ȻҵƣôҲ
裬ͷ𵤼£ȽʿΧȥ
ġıԪ
¶ɫڿҶһӵıԪֱǽľżƪмصԪֻȱһˮϵԪɽϽǧδн
һԵޱȵĴнҶһЩΪĻ𵤼ʿ֮Ѱ֡ܰƪС潣Ҳ룬ڶԪӤʿҲһϯ֮أλͨʿܱȡ
ſڣȰҶضȥɱ𵤼裬ȴ˵Ļ˻ȥ
Ҷس뺣ȺɱðյľٶʮΣաӵıԪ𵤼µĺ޸޷ʮ֮ڡټϽΪȺδɱ
ɳѸٲ½󣬺ͽɽʿЭ
أʱ׳ĽԼΪʮɳĿԣɳȥѰɳµɳм׳档
Ҷػɱ𵤼жʧܣסȺ裬ôǻһȴЧĺ·ɳٱû⡣
ȻˣҶصƣû²á
벻һħ˵ʿСβǵĺ棬ⷬȫûá


406 Χ
Լصķٿ֮ɳ֮£ɳӿһֻɫһϲҵһͷɳ׳档͡ɳʮµһͷĽɳм׳棬ԼնΪأɵѪҺɳ˳
ɳм׳潦ѪҺȾΧˮŨصѪζӱ̼쳣ͷɵȺԽһеĳɳϵʿ
СӼʿľȺ޽λ̫ߣȴʤڶ࣬ǷǼʿֻʮǱܵס
ߣ
˫ּ׷ɽȫʩչΪһʵĹţɽʿڽڡ
ĵͽ裬һ̻ᱻתĽɱһƬɽѪĩ
нԵޱȣͷͷĽ𵤼һʱҲ岻ֻڽߣŭĿõͽȥ
ɣұЩ󣡡
ɽĴнסȺʱС
ͰԪԪ˳ȥʶȥ衣
ʮɵСɽĹٶȲ죬ڵȺкֱײȻײ޲鵨ѡϺѹȥͷֱܲΪ
Сɽɨ֮Ⱥѵ׷׶Եķ򹥻
ɽϿȴޱȣٿԪĵķǷǳ˵ġСʱķҪľ
ʩչнķٶȱ죬Ⱥķ񹥻֮³Ų˶á
ֻҶܸɵͷͷĽ𵤼裬ȺȺ״ңܶһ١

ԶಡಡಡಣĵɷħʿӰһɳϡ
ǼʿһȺ޲ˣɱȥǧѪɺҡķǿɡ˵еһۺɫǶͯӣҶصʿһȺΧһƬɳ𴦣ɺ˵
ϵܱļڳȥǸǽΧǱЩķľߣʵʱҵٹȥʰǲ١
ϵĿ˸¶յЦݣ
Ⱥ࣬δסʿڲ֣ǽЩɵԶݶȥ붯ֶҪɱͳڣߣ
ͯɨһսȣΪһ⡣
ͯĵǲ޵
ħ˽ʿн¶ݹ⣬սеҶصڵĵط˹ȥ

ͣ
һɽн𵤼ıâӸŰɫۼϻڽ𵤼ʵޱȵۼƤϻһһ߳һɵ˺ۣ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
Ҷسһͷۼ׾Ȼ˼ӲȫһҲֻһ˿ڡһͷʮɵľ˵ֻһ˿ڡ
ͷ𵤼ʹɺ¶Ѫŭ֮ɫβһ˦Ȼſ޿ڣҶҧҪǱҧУһӲޱȵĶ׷Ҳܸһ¸ҧء
ҶؿɲԼȥһԽ𵤼Ϊһ⣬ٺˡ𵤼ž޿ԽԽҶĿȻһһָһͽ𽣣СȻವһĴС
ţҶٶһӡ
꣡
ǵڽ𵤼ĸʣգۼ佫ʳϡãȻĸƿһ󶴣˳صҶصС
𵤼費ٶ³Ĳ
ͷݺ޼ɵĽ𵤼裬ûʶʿֶΣҶһӣųУͱҶصĽ븹ڣ౻ʸϡãնɱ
Ҷһһͷ𵤼ɱ΢һȺ蹲ͷ𵤼裬ɱһͷʣͷ𵤼衣ֻҪʣµͷҲɵȺȺףضңΪ塣
׼ͷ֧Ԯˡ
ͻȻоĹǿķϢԼٶȱƽҶвһݣæԶȥ
һ֮£ҶزƵѪ
ĺȻħ˵ĽʿǲǱˣҶڸս뺣׵Ѩʱĸ۵ħ˽ʿ
⼸ħ˵ĽʿĿдŷǳԵĶ⣬Ҷ֧Сӳ
Ȼǣ겻ɢǼˣǸ鷳
Ҷذһ䣬ȴ˼Բߡ
ħʿ֮ɳϣͣǿҶֿıԪɱһͷ𵤼裬Щȡ
ӵжıԪڸոս𵤳һʿ˵ǳֻͨн𵤺ڵʿʱͲռ㹻ĸ߽ԭϣƳԪ
ڽһӴĲƳıԪǳǿʿ
⼸ڶ㡢ʿޱȵļʣֱӻҶʲôĺ̨
ɽ˽ʿһڣһȺͷΧסһʱ޷
ֻҶһڽ棬ǣֿطǳ衣
λħʿɵһۣûҶ̫һ¡
һģҶصսǿҲ˵Ķ֡
Ψһ˼ɣûֵԭҶصͷ
Ǽɱٽʿ
ǸڶеЩʿǾԲȥǵġ
Ʃ˵ħͷĵϵ
һǲСĺˣǿǴͷ֮ǸԵɹ̨ҲᱣǣȲİǽȥûǵ֮ء
λСֵܣּˡļλƺΣգҪҵȳǼλѳУϵɹǣӦϽĽʿɡ֪λѪ׹ϵ
ϵֳһڳ嶯ͯһתͻȻ¶º͵Ц⣬÷׳ҶǷʲôĺ̨
ԭħ˵ĵѣλѻȸȥؾڴ˵صʮͷ裬ʿԻᴦͼλ֡
Ҷ֪죬ɫ˵
ħ˽ʿСΣյĳ֣δɺϡڵСӺܲ⼸ħ˵Ľʿƽ׶ǿС
Сֵﻰ鷳ҵӣһǱȺɱˣΡϵܣϵܣӣ˵ǲǣ
ϵҶ̬ȲǿӲҲԸ͸¶дţҶǿӲ̨ĿԲҪ֪ͷĺˣϺλϾͷĺᣬάλĺˣǸݺ裬İᵽ˼㣬ͨĽʿмһˡ
ִڵİᣬͨʿװҶϿκΰģôͷĺˡ
ϵ˼Ϊթʿº͵Ц⣬֮䲻ٶ
ǣȻԵϣɲˣܵµʲôɡļһңΪǵı꣬ɺã
ݺϵһۣȻҶЦ
ôϻСҪĺˣ͸άһˡСӣǴɺеǼѪɺҸһȫʬʬ𡣡
ͯȵûϵô˼ֱ˵Ҷس˹ȥ
һ
λħ˽ʿҲԥ϶֡
ħ˽ʿֿطΪĵĹâ֮Ҷ˹ȥ


407 ʤ
Ҷؿħ˽ʿһͬԼϮڵͫ׶ʱȻһһɱ
ɳһ㣬ٳˡݣǼԦԪˮȺȫټɣⱻɱڵħ˽ʿΧסǿɻ֪ôġ
ϲħ˽ʿҪüСȺΣɱԼһֲǼ˸⺣ͨȻ֣ǴԼС֮ġ
֮¶Ȼ޷ˣҪôӣҪôսܣҪ׵β˦ǡ⺣״ɳĮĵ̫ޱ޼ʵĻɳûпԲĵطңԼС˵ݵٶֻδܿĹСʿԼˮͨˮϵнϸ֮߰⣬ɽص˿¶Ƭ״ɳĮȻӣֻսˡƴһսûпɱʿ뿪Ƭ״ɳĮ
ʯ֮䣬Ҷ˼תڶҵͷԺѸ˽еߵ˼·
ͯϷˮϷӴܡϵܡӣǴסĲӺס
ĵɱķâһɫдϵ
аϵؿı¡׷ɻ֮Զ˿Ǻ֡һۺɫУͯʮຢͯеļЦ
ǧâȥ
ϵһ𣬰һ⣬ֳϸâǰҶϯȥ
ҶظҲɵľ롣
ڽʿ˵ǳ֮
âٶ̫ˣҶԷƿˮȫɻ졣գ۹ǰʮϸâϯҶԡ
СӸƶ°ɣ
ϵЦһӷҪʮâҶסҶ޷ߡ
ʿ״ϲҪ̲סЦֻҪסҶһɲǵĹʿ׷ȡ
ҶȴҲû࿴һۣ˫ָһӣԵĽԾʮâնȥ
ৡ
һɺնʮâѣΪһ˿Ʈ亣ס
ħ˽ʿĿЦȻֹĿɿڴ
ϵ߽ľϵ˿ԭƳɵĶ׷ǼԭϽƣͨ׷ӵļ쳣ˡ
û뱻Ҷظһնʮ˿С
ϵСǱǽϵԪϬޱȡϵĶ׷ҲǶְǱϵķͯһҲۣĵĹЦ
׷Сӣ
һ٣ɳĮϵܻļХưոݡϵǱȴ˻ȥһϵɽ
Ҷػͷ˽ʿһۣĿ֪ǲִ֮׷Լڿʤ㡣
˽һʿСӣ֧ħ˽𵤶ʿСӣƴһսĻжٳʤ㣿ʤȡ֧СӵΪײ㡢Ʒף⼸Ҫķ档
Ҷؼûж࿼ǣĴ㡣
ⲻĵжƣǲԼ⺣ԮľءҪʥ֮һؾȡҪ챦ʮ
֧СӳԱΪϤĽʿҶܷĸһжǰؾʿΪ飬Ҫʱ޿̵ԵĽʿǷĻ⣬жΪ
һڶʿҪһһʿҪҪʱϵĹ򹦷ΪһΪ࣬ʵಢԡһʿķƷ׺õĻܻܽ𵤶ʿ
нǿаյֵסԷһʿʱ֮ڲΣաɽսԴΣǲƻۺЯĸֹ࣬ǵеһʿСʱû⡣ʣصսߣָֻܾܵʱ䣬ס𵤶ʿҪסһĹ򡣡
ȻСӵΪձ鶼ȶԷ֧СӵΪһ㡣ԼСӱȱϵСӶһʿ
ɽ˿ǿӭսзˣȻƣ̼ܡһԼСӻһʿ
ʿȫֲ֧СӳԱΪϵĲ࣬ӯࡣз˶Ѿᵤʮڵʿḻְֲȥˡ
ͳ˫ʵνƾУ˭˭Ԥϡ˭Ⱦܵ취ɱԷһԱ˫ʵ࣬Ӷʤ
Ҷһ߶Χһ㣬תۼ˼ʤʣԼ¡ʤ㲻ߣҲȵҪǿܶࡣ
ϵͯʿ鼫࣬ȻҲǵʵռšͷβǶûдҶСʿ涷û١
Ǹǹ˲ܣʿʵһΧҶһˡ
ֻҪٶɱҶأʤ̵ħСߣôʣ˽һʿȫħ˽𵤶ʿĶ֡
Ҷزٿطħ˽ʿΧ׷½أ񹥻
ħ˽ʿĹ񡣳ܣ鲻ı£Ҳ޷ͬʱΪԼߵĽʿ
Ҷر׷ЩǱһɳϿһۣʮΡ
ɽСʿѾ½Ⱥסѡ
Ⱥɽʿɱʮͷ֮࣬ȫŭҲḽҶغͱϵʿֻǹŷΧˡ
˿ֻҶһ棬Сʿ޷ӭսħʿ
ǴӾȺŪԼ޷ԼȺУȺ⼸ħʿ׷ϮΧ
ҶԺͻȻͷ
뵽зɿĴһϵûһŻƹ⡣
СҪϵѵǽס˵ΧɣϵɱޱŨңЦ޲һҶظɱһѩǰܡ
ףԣߣ죬ֹ
ûüϵ㿴Ҷʩŵķ
ҶغٺЦϵѾɡһ貵Ļɫâȫס˲£ʧԭء
¡¡
ħ˽ʿһͬҶظղվĻɳϣ춯أһϰɷԲĴɳƬɳΪĩ
һ˲䣬ҶشԶɳжݳѾнһԡ
漴нһӣҶؽ뽣ڣȻѸº£󣬵סͼϮҶصĳȺ衣
Ҷ磬⼸ħʿʲôˣôͻȻϮ㣿־ŭ졣ҪǶͷĽΧסͳɱȥˡ


408 ɱ
СӸˣɶ񣡡
ϵĿҶͷһԭʧڲԶɽʿڵɳϣµĽڣɫࡣ
ֻɱȺ裬ܹ̫鷳ˡϵļƶ࣬ôȺߡ
ͯ˷
У輫ѪӶɺѪ˿Ѿɱ裬ѶϵĿɱǾ뿪ġСѾһҪɱǸѡֻȺǵĴ󲿷ַǰɱ⣬ٶ֡
ϵޱȡ
Ǿ͵ȰɣǽǱɣһһᶼһ޷
ݺ
ħ˵ĽʿһЦ˫ֱأƮȺΧԶûгȥϷ
ʱҶس䡣
ȺĶĽ󣬷񹥻ûħ˵Ľʿ

ɽصʿ˿ĵ׷
ȺͷѾǶԸʮֳڿٵǵķȥһϵķпܽɱ⡣
ɱȺ֮󣬻Ҫݴ͵ħ˽ʿǸ޷뿪ƬɳĮ
Ҷɫ侲ѾһԲߡвеͨҪСû㹻ľһսս⡣ҪӵĻȫ
ǼħʿǶЯĲƻΣٲơЯĲƻֻ࣬ȿǵĿꡣǧҪСģ䵥
Ҷ˵ţ˽ɽһ֪ۡС֮ûս־ıǽɽð̼С
ʲôǾȻҴӲƻ⣬Ҿ۱ʿǰɣӾǺùӳԣǳӵ
ȻҶ˵꣬ɽӱβͣĴҧгݡ
Ҷص˵ͷЧʮ⡣ӶԲƻĻأƻ⣬Ҫأƴѡ
Ҷ磬ô죿ٶͷѾΧסǾȫɱЩ裬ֻҲľ󲿷ַǵķʱɱǣֻ±һͷһס
Ҫάִн󣬷Ѿȥˡ
ֵܣ˵ɳ滹ûɳм׳棿
Ҷسһ£侲Ŀʵ
ΧɷΧ֮ڹͷ׵ɳм׳棬ѾСɱˡʮͷɳм׳棬ڸԶĵطɳм׳涼й̶Ե̣һ㲻Խ磬ߡ
ؼæ˵
áǼħʿȻΣ٣Ǿ͸ǵɫơҪɱ裬˶ݷصףЩȥǵ鷳
Ҷص˵ͷһЦдһ
СʿֻҶؾͨͽ׺нϵҪʹ÷ʩչ
ˣÿֳһݷ

ҫ۵Ļɫâ˸Сʿһԭɳʧ˻ɳصʮԺɳ㣬ܿ衣
Ƿ񹥻ȺʱʧȥϮĿꡣ
ˮϵޣɲϵޣ겻ɳصʮȥ
ҵĿꡣ
Ⱥ̵ת֮ħ˽ʿȥ
Щ˵ħʿʿûκ𣬶ǲɱĿꡣҶص˼ȻʧˣǾȥɱϵһ
ģСӽթȻƶ֣죬ʩչܿȺ
ϵȺתɫʱ䡣
ȻɵȥȺӲƴ
ҪɵȺͷ裬ǸĴ۾٣Ĵ޿ɱ顣ʱ򷴶Ҷص˽ʿˡ
ϵķӦ
ȻҶʩչܿȺôҲܸʩչϵʹϵɳȥҶСʿ񵽱ˡ
ͯݺŮӣħ˽ʿ˲Ϣȫɳصף֮յıܿٳȺ
ǣǾû뵽һƬɳĮ塣Ǹողŵ˵أ㹥Ҷأûʱȥ̽һƬɳĮ
ãɳ»кޣ
ϵȶɳصףգ۹Уִӻɳ³˳ɫѾѣϱȥһѪܵ⣬ɼǡ
һĺӰһͷɳűϵ졣Ȼһͷ׵ɳм׳棬β޴˻֣˱ϵ

ϵܻһзɽΪʮɾ޽ɳͷɳм׳նȥ
Ǵʱ߮ΧȺѾĳ˹ͷͷ𵤼裬һ¸±졣
ϵɫȻ䣬˵÷ɽȥնɱͷɳм׳棬׳׷âסϮ
ͷҧĵͽ裬âֱӴˢӡ

ɳʲôޣ
ͯݺŮӵȽʿ׷׾ʧĴɳ³˳
ܵùǶƬɳ𣬲ͷɳм׳棬ҵȽ׶͡һɳ£㾪ЩĲߣ˫ˡ
ɳ£Щͨϵϵ޿ɲǺǵġһͽɳҲǿýʿ
ʿԱ
뿪ɳ㣬ǵˮгȺ衣
Ƭ״ɳĮе壬ûҶСӴ̫鷳ȴħʿˡ
һʱ䣬ħʿСŴңͬʱ˶ٶɳм׳Χ֮С
âѪĽ
գ۹ʮͷ豻նɱħ˵ʿҲŴңǿάֲܡ
ಣ
ԶһʿӰɳг
֣
Ҷɫȣת˲Ϊһź˵Ľɫâϵȥ
ڵʱˡħʿ˵أûʱȥ̽һСƬɳĮ֮Уִ֮䵼»ҡ
ֵʱ
ʱת˲ţ⼸ħʿס֮ǰץסᡣ
ɽأСʿŴӻɳ֮³𣬻ΪĵâˮһţΣħʿɱ˹ȥ
Ҫʿ֮ɱǺ
ϵɫ䡣
Ⱥɳм׳ĿϮޱȵǱǻҶصȫ֣ҪĹ
ϵԭ˿ͣתˮߡ
ûģһ֮ȥӵıԪҶض
ǽʿиƷ׷٣õķҲֻһϵ׷
ûһǿԪܺҶ̬Ľʿ
֣ͯаѹסҶء
ǣʱͯѾĴнѽѷ֣ܺͱϵ֡ݺŮӱɽ˸ˡ
ϵûԮ֣ûޣֻƴӡָֻԼΪߡǿݵٶȸ죬־ãҶ׷ϡ
ӰһǰһɣˮзУƿˮˡ
ϵеɱԽԽȻͷһֻۣҶһöˮϵˮ飬ˮٶȱ֣ĿжʱǾ
СӣңƶħϾͷɹʿɱңز㡣
ϵ־սɫȡ
䡣
꣡
һɫâ˺˱ϵһŻ⣬ֱӶġɽһƣϵĩѪĭĲϵԪδѣͬһ
ߣɱ㣬Σ
ҶǴѪĭһۣ˷˳ֽϵµĴˡȻٷս׷ɱħ˽ʿ


409 նɱ
Ҷشɽɱͼߵıϵ̳սءں̶ͯȫĵһ¶һ˿ɫ
ϵɹ׸ŮĿ湻ңֻһϵĶ׷ų棬Ҳûñ㣬һ㹤û֧ס㶪Լȴӡ
ͯޱȡ
ϵղѾɳм׳ˣ༸׷һԪҲһסҶص׷ɱ
ҶؽľıԪһһˮϵϵȫԳƵһǿ𵤳ʿû취
ǽʿпܶƽ֡ǽ𵤺ʿǿķѹƻҶء
СǸĽɫһǿиɵıϵȥˣ֮ǰôûСأ
ͯ˿ѽѷ֣ΧȺʱĳ˺ҧ÷ȥעҶǱߵսСıռϷ磬ľ
СѾͷƬҲǣһʱҲʰ£СҲ
ͯɥʧ־׺ݵСʮ־ɥ
ħ˽ʿҶСΣɱ˶ᱦû뵽գۼ䣬﷭壬ȫˡ
ͯҲ˲ñݺŮӶͬһ£ת㼱ݶȥ
С٪壬ܣ
һȣ׷ɽȥ
ʲôѾͷ˭٪壿һͯģ٪壡ҪݵͯıӶˡɫһ࣬۵ͯԵùޱȡ
ͯûȥСȻͣĹһһˮٶȶȻӿ죬ΪһӰ˲ϢϰԶ
ںܴﵽٶȣΪˡ
ʲô
ɫһһ£һҧݣ׷ȥ
ҶѾս
սֻнɽ˽ʿںͱݺŮλħ˽ʿҶټϳȺѪ裬вʱ̽ͷɳм׳棬ҳһš
ݺųһ亹֪ߣȴɽض˽סŮǱĻ籣ľס޷
Ҷˮһӡ
ľıԪΪĵƥĺâݺŮ˹ȥ
꣡
ѡ
꣡
꣡
ҽУݺŮıǿԪɽɱһ¶
Ҷɫ糣ıԪɽ
ɽŴ˿ڣ˵ʲôȴ֪ôڣҶصĿУ¶һ˿⡣þ۱ʿۺ񣬿ڽᵤ֮ǰҲֻƳһԪ߰˼׷һֵǮķʯ֮ࡣ
ҶеԪûȡ
һ̣ǳ˸Ҷʱʵ˼
һάŵЦݣ΢ᣬҶܼ﹬սһĹ﹬һԱսǿĽʿϧǿʵȴͶϽȥˣϽҪ£ѶȷͬСɡ
Ҷ֣ǺֶΣ
Ŀࡣ
ҶؿһۣԶߵͯ׷ϵ˵ĸħʿɱܷһ©Ϣħ˵ɹ
Ҷǡ
ɿͷ
ɽضˣ׷ϡ
ںٶȣҪܶ࣬ʮϡȻǽʿٶȣҲ졣֮䣬շʮĻں׶һ
ȻΪɱݺŮӣһ򣬵ͯδԶ
ҶصˮϵΪ죬һˮϵˮжٶԱɽλʿһء
õĹͯɱ˵ķϢͷһۣʱȻ
׷֮⣬ҶѾ׷
ģСӵٶ̫ˡȥѲˣ²Ƭ̹򣬱ᱻСӸ׷ϡͯп࣬䱻һ·׷ɱɴƴһһ
ͯһݣ˲ͣ£һżСķۺɫӡ
춵պĶ֮һʺ編еġϼ顱ɾʺеķɫϼ⣬ɣ
ֻ춵ʿӵУɱﵣóʹá
ҪǣöӵޣһΣһΡڵķۺϼľӱˡ
һóǵΣͷಫ֮ʱ
ҪǱҶ׷ļͯ᲻ðⷨó
öۺӵһתһۺϼ⣬Ҷشȥ
ķۺϼ⼫졣
Ҷز֪ϼʲô׼һӣĻ񳾽Ѿǰסϼ⡣ϵԪɽۺɫϼУʱۺϼⶨס޷ҲҶصָӡ
ʲôܰѷס
ҶȻһδֵķ
ҶСģǾϼ⣡һסʿһҲ޷ֻԪӤʿֵܵǧжס
Ӻ׷ɫϼ⣬ɫʱ䣬ŵɷס
ಡಡಣ
գۼ䣬ۺϼ
Ҷػعæ׳ֿصķȥۺϼ⡣
һ棬ҶǿıԪ㱻ϼ֣ʧȥ˿ơĴڻвٵͽסн׵ķ
ҶһĴٶȷɳн׷׼ֵǷۺӴϼ⡣
ʱڵķۺɫѾȥһ롣
ͯʹüΣӱҪˡ
СӣûԪͬӶȥɣͯЦУԸ˷ϼȥҶصн׷
һɽֱȡҶء
Ҷн׷ɳסͯķɽӲƴˡ
һգ۵ĹѾϵâսȦнΧͯ
ͯѪתӡ
˫ȭѵ֡
ڳҶ֮ǰ⵽ħ˽ʿΧʱΣʵǿᣬҲû򡣿ңʵԶûҶһǿᡣ
ɽصʿͬʱϵ׷״з
ͯһȺâΧʧ֮ٶȼϼ飬ҪΧķȫסѾˣʮΧ֮£ס䣡ͯһƬѪ
ͯһɫϼܿʧ
ħ˽ʿնɱ⺣ɳĮ֮С
ҶıסԪ
ͯĴȡС⻹бϵݺŮӣĲٷʯȲƻ׷߽סнסͽ׷ʮ֮ࡣ
ЩΪսƷҪСһˡ
ô֣ÿҶӵ˵
Ҷطһ²ƻͯĴڣȡһöʵķ顣
öȻһϼʣ޼ƻöΡֻҪöϼ飬ķʯ˷˰ɡ
Ҷ˷飬ʣµȥ֡
ûʲôƽ
ҶصļƷѾ٣ҪһķֻСϼ顱öһЩá
ɽصʿĽĽȴû顣
սƷУֻôһûȥҶ׷֮ĲƻֵܼҲСֻöεķϼ١


410 Ϲź
߰ɣսƷҶشСڽʿᴩ״ɳĮһ·СģҴҸؾСӵʿϡ
ɱħ˵ʿ飬ʮĬ𣬵ûħʿ
鲼գ߽ںĴûʿ֮ɱҲټʿԵ޹ʧǺܳ顣ö֮γɹɹʿִʧ٣ͨȥ׷顣
ֻҪǲ˵ϵͯǼħ˽ʿôʧ˭Ҳ֪ħ˵ɹû֤ݣҲ׷飬̸ϱ
һ͵ҶأֳԶһ𵤳ʿʵΪɽصĵ֪ûа취顣
Ҫǲó㹻ʵС˿޷߳ǰؾĺͨ
ҶЩĹı¶Լʵʵй¶ȥӰ챦жϸһ룬ЩǶġ
ѾϽĽʿȻ鸴ӣ۲룬ϺĵӣϽʵ顣ϽڶһλʵǿĽ𵤳ʿôԶںϽﻹִ硣
˼ɣ£֮ģҲһֱûģȻ
ɽû̫Ǹ£żɧһЩޱĵСӣҸ˶Ÿɡ
ӽСǱԵһֱŶ˵̬׵СеκһʿҪ˵ǵСӵˡ
Ҷظദһʱ䣬̬ЩգȻ¶һʵֻҪ˱ֳĬԺжӰҲ̫
֮ҶСһʿܿ·ȺӴĺޣڴԽ˺״ɳĮҶصʿȵǣƬɳĮıԵһףǧɵĴ󺣹
ǰһ֧Сӵʿ߹ӦǴȥѾûκκۼʶϸŸϵ˿ͷ˵
ˮͨΪƽٻǺǸ⡣ͨǱкװΪӿһСľͱĲ֪ȥ򡣲׿
Ҷüͷ
δ⺣ǿٶʿ׫дĵ伮֪һ㳣ʶ⺣Ϣ޺ȴʮҪ
Ҷ뵽һӣһɳڰΪһɴɳȻ򺣹ֻһŻɳǼҶصķͳ̶ȱǿ

żŷɳӹһУգ۹֮⣬ܿ˺ѳɷ飬ȻʧӰ١
ʿǳһ
ǽʿ밵֮УҲգ۹򱻳Ĳ֪ȥϡ
ƥ֮¶һ˿η塣
ˣ𿿽ҷɢڸһ£û·ԹȥȻʿܹȥǿ϶Ҳҵ·
Ҷε
ʿɢźѰҡ
һ·
ԶԶɽĴ
ʿæϹȥֻһۻĲ£״ǧɣͻأĺبڴ󺣹Ϸƫɵγһ·Ȼûа⴦¸ߣȻǰȫͨ
˼״ɵľϲ
ףôһĹһǣ
ȷšǽɽµķ֣
ŵͷһκǣһɫۣǰ׹ǣȴɲŭԱ߻һɶߵľʯʯ̦ż߰ߣʷΪԶ
Ҷͬ죬ĹϵּϹ֣Щɬ
ƷˣԴͨ̾˵صһͷʮޡԣ岿ͨǰؾ֮·ڴˡʿڴˡ
ɨ˹űһۣ
Ʒ˭û˵ţ֪λǰʿź
˿ʯ׷ҡͷûɽ磬ԡˡΪƺģһλԪӤʿ
ǣʿǰԪӤʿʤ˭ܼǵô˵š
⺡ǻһۣ۲ۣǿɾͨɫ⿴ɫҲǶ׷ǸǿķΪûбȡߣ
ɽ벻ͨûмƻȡϰߡ漴֣ҪȡߺϵǼ¡
ȴű˲䱬һĻǸȫ֣ɽǿеɣ޷Ǹǡ
˶һ
ɽýʿĻһ¸ɣĻѰķĻ
ǽ󷨣
ɽһɫ䡣
ԪӤʿ˵أΪλǰͬʱһ󷨡ˣȥ⸱źһǿҵķӦ³Բ˶ߡ
Ҷ漴˵
ɽ֪󷨾жȻȥ
ƺʲôӴȡһ顶סʶɿĲģܿ¶ɫѽҵˣƷˣʮ֮һ⼸λ뿪ˣħˣΪħ˾ͷ
ħ˵Ĵʼ֮һӦǺԪӤʿˣ˵Ҳʮǰ顣ͷĺô
ɽͷ㷡
ϡǣǸʱɽսƵʿͶ֮ӦûǾҼսĽ׶ΡƷô岿ǰؾͨ
ȴɻ
⵱Ȼ޽֮⣬˾Զʷ˭ҲǸʱʲô
˵˵Ѱ챦ģҲûҪŪô
Ҷءɽȼλʿ֮࣬г˶ԻƷλϹʿľ⡣
ϹʿЩʿԣһֱǴ˵вŻֵκӰҲҲκżΪĿߣϹʿֽʿĿеĵλǼߵġ
û뵽ǰؾͨܿһλϹʿźֻһźҲ㹻𺳡
ԴǼ൤ţɽѾʮ꣬ƽֻϹʿĴǣȴδϹʿֻ֮⸱ϹʿźҲûа
ҶǰĲţͻȻ
λϹʿͨͬСɡ
ںϵͻأţλϹʿĽҪȻ⺣Ϸôܳ˳һؿɹȫͨеĲ
΢һ飬һ֧СӵĽʿŸ˫˵Ľʿ޶⣬Էһк˲š
ҶҲٵ飬ʿӰѸͨţ˴Լһʱǰһ׾ɽ壬ɽѾһЩִʿСӣʮʿ֮ࡣ
һʼǵʱʿںͨΪԭȥĽʿмδϵģеĽʿˡ
ҶѾеԪע⡣һ£Ϻάλ죬ʷʿۼڴ˴


411 ʿ
׾ɽ߲ɼ
ڽʿۼɽһտ֮أҪôϥҪôȺۼһʲôɫǡ
ҶƣȺʿΪʲôͣǰߡԸ£ͣ¾ͣ°ɣҲͣ£صСʿɽһյأָһ·ϵķġ
ɽвסʿȺУĴһŴʸͣôҶͣǰߣУЩʿȥǲ˵Ҫȥؾ𣬸ﶼͣˣ
ϵܣƼǰͨûУһ߽ʿ·ȥͨȥܽؾɽʶʿ٣ʶ˺ܶ࣬ܿʿ
ôʿۼĸ߽ʿܶµס
ɽһ
ǰɽ壬ɽһֱϷ죬⺣ױ㼫ɺˮǣӺ׸壬ɽ²֮ߡ
ɽµұϣѿһöͨСѷ죬ͬһ㣬ֱͨɽ֮Уǧ֮
ʿһۣҪؾֻһСѷͨԽ룬ûĵƣͨǱߣһӺʿ
ڽɽЩʿԻ֮ʣҶؽǵĶԻڶУѷͨȥ
ͨһߵһȫȫɫеʿֳһɳľǹһͷ繭ɫޣһǣľš
Ľʿͨһߣ޷ȥ
Ҷ΢΢졣
ʿ⸱װ磬½ҵһһͷ亱ĺޣõĸһ˼Ƶľǹڳʿ˿ӡ
һ˺ǹڽʿɲ˭ɡ
¶ɫǾþӶе֪ԶҶضĶ࣬һ¾Ϳʿ
ʲôޣͷûȵ֣
ҶضԺ˽⼫٣ʵ
ǺͷӦǾŽ׽𵤸߼ĺ㾫ͨ󲿷ֵˮϵк޵Уʿѱɹһָ߽׺ޣսƢ˳ʹָǾᱳˣ档
۵
Ȼĺޣ
Ҷؾȡ
Ҫ֪Ա壬㱻ʿѱҲֱѣ߷֮رһЩͽʿɥԼѱ޵ĿС
еʱսˣߡ
ֲ˵ޣԴʿӭڰ׸ǣôĺڷϳۣ
ҶظӾˡ
򵥣кܲȫ󲿷ʿϲ½޺Ϊʹú޴ֺϡޱȣѳɻֻӺܹѱڷϵȻ
˵
Ҷ΢΢ͷһµʿʲôͷ
ʿȴӺȺĸ߽ʿܳεĺʿֺʿʿ岿ϹŴսֹ٣սأƽʱٳ֣ڼ伣
Щź
һʿٿԱȵһ𵤺ʿʵʵ֮ǿɱڳκһ𵤳ʿһ֮赲ڽʿĿ񹥣Ҳֻ⺣ʿõʿ
Ҷ׹
ֻһʿ˵صĽʿȴʮ֮ڣԷʵǿҲóȻֻͨĶ棬ýʿȥʿܹȡʱ䣬ؾ챦ñʿˡ

ѾʱˣЩʿѾؾ档ٵȥ챦ȫһգǰһˡϺŭ壬սΪ
֣Ҳû취飬Ѿ˳ʮΣҲûܰ⺣ʿߣʿ¼áάȰ
壬ӾͲţһܵסַʮʿǿ
Ϻĵ£ܿ죬ħ˵Ľʿ֮ͨУųɽʿͼƷ¡
ǺһӣһˮҺͨʱ׹ߣķΡֺǱɭɭĺ
ʿһǲᷨˮϵ߽ޣͨˮϵ
ʿ֮ͨУܿɫҰ彩Ӳٶ轵ԭʮ֮һжü仺ڵķٻޱȡ
ǺȻӣ˶Էеľɫһҧǰ壬ٿطʿ˹ȥ
һʿҲ׳Ҿɱ˵ʱǻûʿĿ䣬ȻǹǰһΣûǹɽϡ
һӿ͸ǹйȵǹ⣬ɽĽϡ
žž졣
ɲʱһѣɽըķƬ
ʿȻɫ䣬оС
߽׷һ´ݻ٣ʲô⺣ʿ
ϣҲ岻ȥ
СΪܴ
ʿ飬ӣҲҿʮ֮ڣûʩŶٸСƬ̹ٵİ
ԹܣһԸ𵤺ʿĺʿ˲ǿɳܵ顣

ֻϺͣŭ𣬲ϧѪʿǿ
죬ȥ˭ܰ⺣£ͣƷʯ򣬸߽׷ҼΧĹѫ֮ڡ

ҶصСԶԶĿͨڶĳ棬֪÷ѲٵĹͨɴԭЪţŹȥ
ɽʿȺתһȦ̽˲Ϣ˳Ļ
Ҷ֣взϼֻҪóһϼȥǺʿҲõסãȻýԪĹȥ˵ܵʮʯĽͣΪ´һɴȥɵÿ˿ԷһĽͺ͹ѫ
ɽ˷ܵĵ
ҶޱƳ˽ɽһۣû˵޶ԵĴģȻǶԽɽûκȤ
ɽЩˣһĲֵģôҲػ
Űɣ¡
û˵Ҳô˺ħɹĽʿ챦ΪĻûκεǸʿֻǲԸóѹ׵ʵָű˳ְˡ˵Ʒʯ߽׷˭ϡҪг⣬ɴƷʯͶ˵ʿϼҪϵóһԪ߷ͣͨ͹ȥˣĥ䵽ڣԼû⣬ָˡ
˵ĲϺάЩͷĺˣĸ챦ȴһֱûǵɱﵣ϶˽ġ
Ҷķϼڵϼʣ޼ֻöˣŵȽؾðɡؾ棬Ϊ챦»ļңϴó˶Ǽʲô
ɽ꣬ʱҶظԭ򡣡ŶǾȰɣҪȵʲôʱܽؾһĴˡ
Сԭشɵš
ʱʵҲû˷ѡ
ҶسʱĹ۲λʿʹõķֶΣйÿһλʿóķʵһؾҪڳʿ챦ʱȻҪ⾺֡


412 ˺
˺ħ˵ʮʿϺάλָ£ַǿɽΨһһؾͨ
ҶҲάȥһΡ
ȻˣûóκһԪ߷ֻǲٿн׷ȥʿͷн׷һ٣ɵĳˣ˳ư
ʿ˵ĽʿѾռһ룬Ҷذһʮû˭ȥ⡣ȺʿУҶʵ΢ĽʿΨһñǿʿ˥ߡ
ҶʱƼԶʷʹһɫ
֮ǰʷԼжһ£ʿȺһȻʷĸ
Ҷֵܣ㿴ǻҪòܴͨͨؾʷЦЦ
ʷⲻ֪ôҿĸ
ҶɫƽΧʿһ˵ʿԸóʵʱ䡣ʮʿÿַȥһΣûоȫֻҪóһСʵҲ԰ѺʿϿ塣ղҸǺʿ֣ҸоǺʿľǹЩ飬û㹻ĺ󾢡ֻǵƴǿȥҹǺʿ˶ãǿܳŰʱҡʷֽҹΪ°ɣ
Ȼǡ
ʷ˵ͷЦݣ˵һϰˣͨؾǵȻؾҪ챦ֲСѾλʵʿԼãȽؾ֮һж
λ
Ҷʵ
һλǽ齯֡
ʷ
飿
Ҷ֪۵һ˿ȡǽĲʿΪѾԶڳһʿ
˵ǰѪɫ֮Ѫɫ֮Ǽ֮أĵ̽ӽ˭ȥĵط˭ܻ߳ĵطܻųʵ֤
ȴѪɫ֮ȴȫˣΪȺʿָļλʵʿ԰ڳʿ϶ʿ£ֺõĶʷ֣ô˵һжģס𣿡
Ҷؾ֮࣬һЩɻ
ɲ⻳ʷĻ١Ͼʷһʵڣûرı֣ûеѡһжλʿʷλħʿ֣š
ֻ֪ʵǿȴ֪
ʷЦһٶǰ½ʿȻ˵ɹǺܶʱǶڶһһȺʮʿУҲֻǣԼһʿǴɺ඼ǶسɳʿǶ½ģǰұʶȻ顣ȻҪĻһԭ򡣽Ҫؾһ챦ƫƫϺάҲȡǼ챦鲻ܸʵǿʿֻŵĹ˺ʿڶ࣬ŵĹûмᱦŵĹ֣򱳺º֣˭ҲܲˡҺͽһļϣһж
ԭ
Ҷ׹
Ҳûʽ龿ʲô챦ʵǻһ˭
֣ɻ֣֣֪
ʷ
֣ɻԡ
Ҷһ£ǵôһλʿ˽ʿʵӦòҲģ
Ҹ֣ɻû飬ɲ£ģǽġ֣ɻһݡؾͼ¼оҲ֪Ǵġ˵ͼ¼оؾһָ߽ľλãҪֶᱦӦ֣Ҳ˽
ʷ˵ɹᱦʤҶֵܣʱһжĺô
ҶػͷԶһۣҲ޷ֻǣڻмͬ
˵Щɹʿ
ʷҶعǸһۣüͷؾᱦʱ˵ϺάˣܻܿᷭЩɹʿϺάǶ֣
Ҷһ£ҡͷҹǲҡǶǸɹʿҴҵҪ˼ɵĵطܶࡣǻϺһɹʿͻǾϺάЩͷĺˣǣ壬¡
һؼʱǿסÿԼǼ˶ǴȻһûۣⶫǣ޹ҡʷȻħɹɹҲһڶħˣȥ˵ĵ̣ˣȥħ˵ĵ̡Ҫ˶ˣɴȥѪɫ֮֮󣬵첻ûĵطô
ʷЦֵܣһǱ˺ħˣǼɴһһ˴죬һʿռһƬˡ
˵ɡ
ҶغٺЦЦǴӦ顣ĸϺά˳ͻ˵ãҪͻʸӵѪɫ֮ȥ
Ҷ뵽һ⣬ƽʵʷ֣Ϻά磬нҪļ챦Ҳ׼ôͻ
ΪҲ㣬ǿеǱʮ֮һӺ壬Ϊʥһ
ʷ˵֣λˣҲ˴Ľʿ¶ŴҳģϺλϾͷĺһάλĺһټϽλʵǿĽʿһ˶ԥҪǽҪ֣ҿҲҴϡ

Ҷüͷ΢΢һЩ
֮Բϧð˵أΪ˴û뵽ľ֮࣬һܲǡ
˵ˣȻѣҲҪ
ΪñΪǱʵƫ³ΣգպܹȻͻԪӤƿ־ڱصãϧϺά磬ð˺ħ˵ķա
Ҷֵܣ֪֮
ʷЦʵ
ȻÿǧԵ޽һľˮɫӣǸΪϡıķӡӿƳ鵤ǱʵÿһǱʣٶȴ洦
Ҷص˵ÿʿ֪飬ûʲôġΪʿһĽʿЧá
Ҳˣ൤ӣ϶ҸȻ֪鵤á˵Ϊ˴ǷֵúϺά緭
ʷҶ˵˳ڣЦ
٣ǵȻһǱʵԪӤʿΪ֮οЩССĽʿͷѪ顣˵ûһҪȥǣңɱҲ˼ɣ鷳һܹ֮һͷû˻ǵˡ
ҶصЦ


413 һ屦
ҶصԳ˵Ȼ²ŻᷢܵĻʷǽ飬Ը׵Ϻάʿ
ȻҶֵѾ˾ĳ֣Ǳֶ
ʷ˵˴ɫأĿ⾼ĿҶصһ飬ҵȷһ¡ֺü֣ӡȵȡӿƳǱʵƳɻƳɸмİ⼸ЧøвͬÿһǱʶǳҪҪӡҪ֣ɻҪ˽ҳɹ֣ҶֵҪĸ֣˵ȳﻮãõʱִ
ʷ֣ôҪӣ
Ҷûֱӻش𣬷ɫֵʵ
ҲҪҪûáֵ㻹ǵұĶ֮󣬱һֱʦ뽫ɽ𵤣ľȫĲƻһλħ˵ʦƳɽ𵤣Ȼɹ˽𵤣ǴʯҲʣ޼ˡҪƳһǱʵ֮ھӣҲû㹻ƻȥʦƳǱʵҶǱʵʲôָֻҪõһͺá
ʷЦҡҡͷ˵Ҫӣϸ֣
ҪʲôѵҪĳֻ
Ҷظˡ
Ҫôͱˡֻ˵Ҫ
ʷɫ˵
ֻҪһźˣȥ
Ҷһ˵
Ҫźźʲô
ʷЩ⣬û뵽ҶػҪ۵һ֡
Ǻǣʷ˵ȫǱźȻҲǺܲҩкʿ鵤оһµ䷽ҪźʦԼһ䷽
ҶصЦ
ȻҪźҾûгͻˣȫԺ
ʷ˵ͷ
ȻҶҪĶǲһҲ̫⡣
ͻȻʷĿҶء
ȵȣղ˵ʲôѾʦ
ʷһڷ
֪Ҷ൤ųǲ֪ҶصˮƽֻΪһʦȫû뵽ҶصȻ֮ߡ
Ϊȥʥʷ桢ұһξΪҶظߣһֱҶǿƣȻİҶصֿɵСһ
ڣʷ̬ȫˡ
ڶʦĵλԶͨʿҪࡣǸɹ̻ᡢ˵£Ķ󡣿ҶصΪͣҶڶɽĵλҪǿǿϲֹһ
˵ˣڸûбǮʸȥҶĽʿ
ʷ뵽˴ɺķգΪǰһЩʵĻڡƽʱҲһɫҲ졣
֪Ҷسƽ𵤣սķϣҲٸãʡһƻҲȡ
ʷа˵
ܿ콫·£һѹҶֵܣѾʦǷǳ˲õˮ׼ڳҲûжλʦȻ˸ǵ¿ǳﻮˡ
ţɫصʵ֣ʦûаɫǱʵжߵİճɣһɳʣ
һ¯Էһ¯κʦһ
Ҷ붼û룬ֱҡͷ
Ϊʲôʦʮ׵ԭϺ鵤ʦ˵ʮӦò̫߰ɡ
ʷʵ
Ҷҡͷʷ֣ʼգ㶼Ūһ㡣ʵΪ֣ӡźУźǰ˽ǾŽʮʮһʮңӺǲͬʱڵġлȥ֮ӲŻ졣
ɽϰϳΪʮʵۺӡź֣űΪʮӣʮסǱʵҲʮ׵鵤ʦڿƳ˽ԭϵ鵤Žһɵĳʡʮ׵ԭϣڼΪ£ſܽһ¯ʮ׵鵤ʧܣûκνҿԡʦĿǰҲǱʵ
ʲôӡȻʮ׵ԭϣ
ʷĿɿڴޱȡ
Ҷ΢΢̾һʮסܶʿΪʮֱӰǱʵҲʮ׵鵤ΪʦҲʵġҲһ㣬ϸ൤ŵġǱʵ䷽ʮȷĿǰ鵤
һʿҪߵ
ʷæʵ
ʦֻгΪʦʮ׵鵤
Ҷغܿ϶˵
Ҷֵܣܴ֮ﵽʦˮ׼
ʷʵ
˵ʦ֮ǰֻҪ²ϵ飬ͻơҪﵽʦľ磬ȴҪߵ츳ǿͻƵġƶʮ֮ڣֻܴﵽʦ۷壬߰˽סŽ鵤ĳʣûϣͻƴﵽʦľ硣
Ҷٶҡͷ
Ǳʵ飬żͻʸŸո̤һ㣬ԪӤھ磬ءֻҪڻʸԪӤƿ֮ǰǱʵıˡ
Ҫҵϸ֮Уպʱ죬ʱȡ
ǱʵȻ֮ѣӣҲδлǱʵˡ
ʷһΪϧ
ҶǱʵԿǳӡϾӵãҪ߳һءϧҶʱҲá

Ҷغʷ̸ؾ֮ʣɽͨڵսҲʼ˱仯
Ǻʿʵʵֲֻڴ˵أ赲ʿؾʱ䡣һˣͨڽʿĸʱ֮á
ڣʵֲȽ𵤺ʿĺʿҲֻһ
ͷǸ߽ˮϵޣŽףľǿˮѾûжٵʿߣǹΡΡѾ޷ʿĸ߽׷
ͨͲ͵Ľʿ¶ϲɫʼӽ񹥣ͼƷ¡
죬ǿѾĸʱЩʿ°ؾȫ޹ˣٲ룬Ҳ֡
Ϻŭɶ
һԹսά磬Ϻ꣬ȴԵúܲΪȻȻ缸ʱؾҲδؾڣͬޣЩЩޣôʰģ
ۿʿҪסˣϺɴԳͨڣͷ߽׷ɽ˹ȥһʱ䷨âǣɱˡ
Ǻʿֵķһ֪֮ٵȥˣŭһͷߡˮеٶȺ˼ţһ˲Ϣ򣬱ӵĲ֪ȥ
ͨˣȥ
ʮʿһʿˣʱϲĵģĿģ׷׼Ծ𣬳ͨٳ˹ȥʱȫаӺи


414 ؾ
Ϻά£ڽʿ׷׻ΪӰȻΨһһͨǧɵͨǰȻʣһƬҰտɽȣؾ
岿ؾ֮һؾǺɽڵһƬޱȾ޴ĶǷȥƬռֹ﷽Բɽһޱ޼ʣͬһƬСһ׳
Ƭռ䣬ʮɫĺȻĺռ䣬㺣ޣƬСгû
¶ΪŨСɵҲؾһˡＸضݡïʢһͽСݣ糤ĸӯ
ڽʿؾ
Ҷسǰ棬ɽȻľɫɰԾ̾ܳΪؾĵطȻͬ졣
ʿؾڿٶڴ˵أЧ»ǳ
ȻҲֻѡ
ؾڲݶ࣬ǱޣʮϵԪӤ޳ûʿٶ֮٣Ҳֻһ£û˭ʵﳤôȥԪӤʿҲԸؾôȥ
ЩʿȫӰ֪ؾеʲôط
ά緢ɽһƬžеǣɽϺ˵֣ħ˺˵Ľʿһжɱޣ޴ؾڵһʿҲܷǵͻϮ֪Σ
άϵ̫ˡؾֻʱ俪֮·աЩʿ˼ǿȥǵʥˡҪ֪ʮ֮໥һ˼볬壬Ϊʥ֮쳣ҡй
Ϻά鲢ͬ˵ؾֹϡÿһϡضػšɱػޣҪʮʿһ֣ʱҲ÷䡣Щ˻ǷСӵжƾʵܶҵҲܸ࣬һˡ
˵꣬ϺҲٸά˵תԱһλް׷ɣߣЦ˵֣ͬУȥҶ˵ʵټϼλֵܣֻҪԪӤޣܶǿĽ𵤼ޣȫ¡
ϺδдԽΪȺʿжʵȫϺһ佯֡
ƶȥֵܻԱɡ
ȴ鵭ȻûаϺ뵱һ£׳ɽΪһâɽڼɶȥΪ˵Ľнʿ֮ϺҲûʲô˵ġ
ϼһ治ʶô
Ϻɫ࣬ƫƫá߲ȱ֣ܿһ֧ԸΪЧħ˽ʿСӣɽȷȥ
â˸ʮʿؾ֮ɡ
ؾϾ̫ˣʮʿҲˮ֮Уܿʧ

ĵɫâһؾɣһװ׷ߣһ׳һ΢ӣһʿǽ顢֣ɻԡʷҶʿ
ʷϵܣ˭ôҲˣ
鵭Į˺ҶһۣȻҶصʵ˻ɣʷʵɹֲӡʿм䣬Ϊ۵ľҶˡ
λҶҶֵܣҲ½ģġ
ʷ˵
ŶۺʵҵȵȾӵһСؾͼ¼оʱҵʷϵ㾫ͨغ󷨡Сʲô£ʸǼ˴
֣ɻʵʷһ۵ĽʿҲΪһˣʱ򣬿ɾҪֳһȥ
ıҲ
ʷЦҶֵܳǽʿ֮⣬ʦҶֵʦָպǰ;󲻿ԡƾһ㣬Ժҵȴ
ʦ
顢֣ɻԶʿɫȻһ䣬׷𾪵Ҷء
ááãʷϵܴ˾ǴƶʧˣЩʿмǿʵİȻɱ޶ȡҶϵܳһݡ
Űϱ£¶⾪ϲЦ⡣֮䣬˵УȫûаĮ
Ҷ鲻䣬ֻЦЦƲҲãֺҲãδϡɽ磬б²ܹõʿľأǺܳ顣ΪǱ£Ҳһ˲õı¡
ʷ˿Ҷغͽɫ֪ӣҪǱʵҲʿУԲȡҶء
ʷһ£ʦʵǱʵ׵鵤ǳĳЩ뷨ȴûпڣ˳Ĭ
Ҫǽ֪Ǳʵ֮ѣҪʦֲһİգ̷ȡӵ⡣Ҫ֪ʦ˺ħʿҲָͷҶЧڸ;ͷɲְһͨĽʿǱʵƳˣҲ̱;ͷȥ
ʷԳһ䡣
ʷе֪Ҷصʦ֮󣬽֣ɻԶλʿɫ滺࣬ȻҲûΪҶء
ƽռԭϣҪƳ鵤˵ÿҪҶذæһɫʦ飬һʳͶʡ
һʿؾƿշʮԶԶĺʿֵ֮󣬽ͻȻͣ
ؾڵ챦࣬Ҫ޹ĵرǲܵġ˽ؾһյʱ֮⣬ڻտȥȡĵرڱ뿪һֵطʿҲһѿݹǡȥҪһҲӺʥ
ͷ֣ɻ˵ʮҪʿ֮ǰ֣֡ϵܣڿԽǸؾͼ¼оó˰ɡ
֣ɻԵ˵ͷصĴӴȡһƵľɻɫᡣ󲿷ѾʧˣֻʣаƴСһƲɢŵĻɫ
˼ߣȷ˿΢ɼϸС֡ǶǽʿܺĿּ
ͼ¼о֮һеġҲ֪ͼֽʲôõģΪĳλʿĶɵأһ˼ĴۣŪףǴ˵Уؾ֮һؾͼ¼
֣ɻЩź˵ͼ¼ǧһλؾԪӤʿƵģ¼ؾҪλã׼󱲣úÿؾȡһϧ̫ܣʿûгͼ¼Ҳͷˣٱء̫ϧҵõʱͼ¼ֻʣһСƬƲƲԭʮ֮һһֱţûξȻó
ŶЩҪ𣿡
Ҷʵ
еĴңǡļءױ⻹һЩ֮ڿԺúõķһʺƣ
֣ɻЩ
ĻֺԼġдͼ֣ҪؾҵĶ࣬ǲҪʱϺά֮ǰҵͻ֣ϵܣ·ʷϵܣҶСֵܣߣ


415 ʯ
֪Ҷʦ֮󣬽֣ɻԶλʿȻҲûҶسΪСеһԱ
ƽڶĴռٵԭϣ鵤պ˵ҶλʦæʱȻ
ؾͨԼÿͨһΣص׻ɽ緢ͨڣܽص׻ɽЩܿͻϨһʱ䣬ں֮󣬽ʿҲһѿݹˡ뾡ץʱ䣬˵صĵر
һʿ֪ʱ䱦Ҳ飬ΪĵâޱؾڼٷУѰڡ
Ȼ֣ɻһݡؾͼ¼оҪҵ׼ȷλãһѶȡ
ϾǴδ˵أҲûĵͼҵͼһĵΣҵ
ͼ¼ϣһΪʯĶѨʯڣ湲оŵͨصʯ
һ߷У֣ɻһϸ鿴ؾͼ¼
ؾֹһССʯȥң
ԣüͷ֣ϵܣʯǷʲôĵΣ԰ҵʯ
С滹עǾʯؾĵطѨԲʮﷶΧڣͨ޷棬нµ޿ĻֱӶԾʯΧʯ֣ټ
֣ɻ˵
ţͺð졣ʮﷶΧʯ֣ɱһѨҪҡ
ŵͷԼʶΧ˳ȥȫѰϢһ֮أɹȥ̽
ؾڲȫǾڰУҲеùʱ
ٷУͻȻһȻͣ·ɽ
ﺣؾ棬ôлеıë
Զָȥ¶ɫ
Ҷءʷ˷׷׳ǰȥȻһȺʮͷںڱƽľͷޣÿһͷʮɣһβޣڰĴ졣
ؾں׾޷ɽ֮ڣصʯͷնҲʯмϰɸߵĿռ䡣
ǷɲߣЩҲɲߡ
ǿɲ׹ȥ
Ǻֻкޣ˵ַܳݡ
֣ɻԾ㵵
ͬʱȺںڱƽķҲǵĳ֣еʿ˹
ܿ쿴ǵģͻȻһ飬Ѫɫֿ֮Է뺣ĺޡ
ǻɵĺޡ㣬β޴̣һ뺣죬ǿ˫һģɽʯҲѣҲǡͬ׺޵Уǵ˽µĳ̶ȡպףûǲȥĵط
ʧת򣬼ɶȥһͷ㣬ܶԸһȺʮͷʿǶ֡
鶼η˸Ҷŷߡ
ЩȻֲޱȣл׷ǵٶȣܿǱ㽫Щ˦
˼ʱؾĴѰҾʯ
һУһƬʮͺͺʯϿա
ҶطɿĴһһĵΡ
ؾŨݣΨطǣݣ㡢Ϻ֮࣬ҲͳͳֻдƬͺͺʯԵüžޱȡ
ƬʮﷶΧʯ룬һʮɸߵľʯΪĵط
ʯð֮ͬѰЩʿеһǣ͸벻ͣ÷ɢ֮
ˣ
֣ɻԶԱһ¡ؾͼ¼ĵΣĵμһģһҪǣʯϷĳλǰʿ÷̳ˡʯ֡
鿴ʯϷּ֪Ҷ˵ط¶ϲɫһӣ·ɽɫâȥµ첽ʯ⡣
һȲϵϣԵЩȲ
Ҳֲý˽ʣʮĲ㣬ʵЩԪľ֮ǰﵽھŲ㣬ôһãϣԪӤƿ
ܵõǱʵǱʣĺôòԪӤıߣմϰ֣붼ȥ롣
Ҷ£ɫƽʯ
˶ףǱϺάȽʿҵʯ֮ǰȻ뿪ܾ鷳򣬱ϣк󻼡
ɭĶڣʶһ̽飬δΣգͷ̹ǵľʯڣǰ濪һһҷֱһɫľϵɽһɫˮϵɽԪϢŨңտտˡ
֣ɻԽķǻɫظţġ˹ĲǹͷȴǸΪĸħ
ɫȵʷ˫ԪѾͷųһһСӲӵĹ⻪汸
ҶȻ档
Щڵ͵ͷβûбֳʲôʵ顢֣ɻԶҲû̫սʷΪʿսߡ
ʯΪȻоŵ䣬졣
붴ʮ֮ĿⶸȻһ
ֻһͷɫ׿ǵľзƶǣڶڣװ׵ԽضǣұȡӲޱȵǯӡ
ʯڵұڣҲԵĲɱۼ
ܹʯĺޣһͷ𵤼з
Ѿ֮ǰʯ
ɫࡣ
˵ûзϢֱ˺ѵģȻ߽ʿ֣Щ˺üʱؾǱҵΪ档
֣ɻýżһз˹ȴͷзȫǹѪûо˵޷Լ׿ǼӲޱȵз˺
ʿһۣ¶֮ɫʿȡߣǿҪһˡҵʯڳȥ
ܿ죬ǹ
ʯڣ½½ֲٺ޵ʬ壬Ϻзߡһʮͷ֮࣬Ҷ߽׵Ľ𵤳ޣȫɱ
ޱȵľʯۼ˼ŨˮϢɱͽ׺ޣǶڽ𵤼ϵˮϵޣȴıأԾۼھʯڵĽ𵤼޲١
ǳ嵽˵ʱ˼ڵϵӺ߽ʿʬ壬ȴǱɱҪôо綾Ҫô˺ѡ
ҶذľΪ˴ͨʯʿ˲СĴۡԽӽײ㣬ԽգѾа˽׵ĽмޡҪʿǰ濪֧ʿҲԽʯ㡣
ߵʱʿ϶¶ϲɫ
ΪѾԼ˾ҵļʿı޾춯ص˻ʯһȺʿȫʯĺ޼ս
ãʯڵػӦûûбɱӦҲûбȡߡߣǵڶ࣬ɱػޡɱػޣûǵķˡ
ͷʯڰ˵ڴʱȻɫƣ߽ʿֳǹꪡ޵У⴦ڡ
⼸ˣһɫӺĸ߽ʿǶٶһЩˣ˴ʯƻǶȡĵرж
ʿͻȻϢĳ֣һ¡
ɱ
붼û룬һ
һһǰǿޱȵɱϱ
˫һָ޽Ϊâһ棬ǰ߽ʿڹΧ֮ڡ
ͻȻУλȳѪɫ֮Ľнʿٶ֮죬Ȼ䱬Ũɱ⣬Զλʿ


416 Сظţ
ƽʱһΡΡͷģһ֣ȴ׺Ѹ͡ķɽֱȡ߽ʿ
ǣʯڰ˵ڵӺ߽ʿӦҲǶս鼫ḻĸ߽ʿȻͻȻϮһֲȴûš
ǰ߽ʿɽ级˵ɱ֣Ҫ벱ӣɴ󾪣ִ֮أʯҵȻһţ㼲ٺˣҪһ
߽ʿȴǹУΪ磬ʮĽ˹ȥж߽ʿס̺޾ɱķɽ߽ʿȴɱ鱾ˡ
һĹ߽ʿӽͻϮ˳ȥδ߽ʿס˷ɽʣµ߽Ѿ鷴˹
Ӻĸ߽ʿȻǿֲ֮ûϷĲΪһͻϮҲռ˿ˡ
ͻϮδɰҪǱ߽ʿΣա
Σգδ⡣
һʿǰ˵ء
ų˹֣ɻԺʷ˲ɱͬḻȻȽһģҲû٣ͬʱȫ֡
ʷȫˣ貽ţһâһ޴ҫޱȣΡΡ쳣ԵһС͵Ե΢Źɱ֮ͷסɱĸ߽ʿ
ʷһ֣߽߽ʿһ
ȻûܳŤתľ棬߽ʿҪһȡսȴˡ˫ҪɱԷֻ¶һѪս
߽ʿɰпࡣ
֮ǰΪ˴ͨʯɱ̾һȺʮͷ߽ס˽ޣѾȥ˴սԲסʯδһʯս
Ӻ죬߽ʿھʯػ޵
ˣҲǿϽǿܵס⼸ʿһ˫ȥǵ޷֧Űʱ䡣
֣ɻ˫ֵɲǼ䣬ڳ֣׳ƤġƤķʯգ鳡ĵΧǾŸɫţͷţͷɭȻ
ǡСظţģ
ãزסˣߣ˵ھʯȥ
ʿһ֣ɻǼķ¶ȻǾɫȿŽ޻¡
ֻˣһ졣
׹һã𵴳һȦȦĻɫƣڰ𵴣˼սееʿʿ
߽ʿһжʱһѪӿǣȫѪǣ˫Ŀ죬Ϣɫͬһأ˶ɵ
ĹǱܡͬʱҲʧȥһ侲гӯѪ֮£һеķ񳯽顢ʷɱȥ
ʷ˲ϲȻ߽ʿһأţʧȥϣ׶Ը
߷Ԫɽâ´ţΪı߽ܿʿǹ׼߽ͣʿɽնΪء
ʷǰԵ˫ֽϵӲǡ꣡նʿе
ʿ֣ɲʱ߽ʿɵͻ˹롣
һжһգ۵Ĺ
Ҷڰ˵ûü֣Ƶķ֣ûֵıҪսѾβĽ׶Ρ
ܿ죬ĸ߽ʿʷնɱ
ʵû֣ɻԵĹķҲܿΪĽ߶ֻǰĸһЩѡ
Ҷ˹Ѫӿæתʩչľѹ¼ҪڵѪԾķ
ķܼѪӰ쵽ǵķӣ˿֮ͬ
֣ϵܣģϹŴ˵еظţģʲôϵ
˷ɽѹסӿѪת֣ɻԲʵһʼΪһͨսķû뵽Ȼ˰Ե
˵ϹʱڣսҶʿһӵдͨظţķӭս壬ɱʿ𶫺ֻǺĲ֪١֪ظţģģʲôظţĵĲƤƳɵģ
˵ЦˣظţġϹŷȴͨķ
֣ɻɫһæ˵桮СظţġöɽСظţƤƳɵսķȥȻظţġ㡮ظţġİһֻһ͸߽׷ѡ
Ȼ֣ɻ˵ظţСظţ
顢Ҷص˺ܿ׹
ظţСظţֻһ֮ȴֽȻͬޡ
ǰʱڵϹޣףɽѪ纣ѾͶɽ
ֻһͨĸ߽ޣ˵ʮ΢ظţѪСظţ֮ơڶɽܹҵָ߽ޡ
ߵλȻͬһǳһҫۣһһͨ
Сظţ࣬ɽʿȡƤƳСظţķ߼۳֣ۡɻҲżȻ·ɽ֪һַ߽׹һСظţġ
ŶɽȻظţѪСظţ龪ȣѹˡϷģûСظţġϹŷǿϢǼϹŷӵдͨĽʿܹʩչ˵ظţģҪԪӤʿֲ죬ɴһ죬ﷶΧڵĵͼֱѪʿҲѪӿ񱩻֮Уλɢ
˿֣ɻԵƤģģʮͨ˵ͷСظţģҲӰ쵽һɷΧɣ޷ظţȡԸʿԣԸ϶С
Ҷһţֵ֣֣ȻظţԸģСظţôʿҲЧ
ظţķʵߡ塢ʿ޶һЧܹѪɱǡ֮ͨרһķʱ߻ħⷨѪܵӰ죬ڹб侲ǡ塢ʿȴķظţģϹʿרſĴͨ
֣ɻЦʿһʼϹʿͶ岿޽ˣһԸ壬ϹʿûظţȥԸʿظţսֹֻ֮Σʧˡʿ岿˹ϵʿСظţĶԸʿ岿䣬⸱СظţģûȻЧ
ԭˡ
Ҷⷬɫʧ
СظţķԵ㣬ֻҪзŵʿûôֻԸʿޡ
һ߽׷顢Ҷءʷ˵ȤĲ󣬱ûȥ
Ŀһ۵ϵʿʬ壬˵ھʯڱˣ滹вٵӺ߽ʿΧػޡŪĶʿȴ֧Ԯһ£ǵҲáҵȽ棬һսҪλǧСģֲ࣬һʧһλҪǰʲô֮࣬óҪˡ
˵꣬Ҳһ޴ϣһͷīɫ߽װצųͷ޴㣬ʮ֮󣬼ռ˴ʯ


417 ػ
ַģ
ƴʱȻҪȫ֡
֣ɻԡʷˣ֣صĵ˵ͷԴ޴ڷųԼԪޡ
֣ɻԵһͷ߽׵Ľ𵤳룬˶󣬱׺ذ帲һëһԱɫӷɭ˵̹⣬ͷһһϣһһεĲɫҺ
ʷһͷ׵ĻЫӣͨ죬΢СһЩǳЫβ߸𣬶˸źâ
ҶҲԼԪ˳ҫ⽣񳾽һһлһöˮ飬ټͷ𵤼
˵ҶصһԪޣڽһʿѾڶΡиոսڵʿӵǿʵ
ЩҶطųķȻûϵҶôԪͷ
Ԫһˮϵһͷ߽׽˿֣ɻԡʷǿһЩԼոսᵤʱҲûǿʵ
пٹһҶغ֣ɻԡʷһȽϡ
۲һʿʵֱӺͼ򵥵ķ㡣һʿΪʿӵеķĵΡ
ʿΪ׿
βУȻǽ𵤺ʿҲ򲻹һ𵤳ʿ
˵ֻǾȵĻô֣ɻԺʷˡ
һۣ¶֮ɫ鸴ĽҶصĲۺ
Ҫ֪һԪҪϡԪĸ߽ϡɽвķĽʿһԪûС
ͬҪõһԼԵɺϵõĻҪؽӷйһͼ۵ķͨʿġ
һͷޣһ߽ףǹ裬ķѵĲƻԲơ
ͬǴʷľеĲƻͻƽһ㣬ҲֻǽĻЫ׶ѣûͻ߽׽𵤼ˮ׼
ЩޣһҪ޶ĲƻûгĲƻ֧ţЩ붼ȥ롣
һʿҪĲ㣬ʮϰĹ򣬲ܴԪһһͷ߽׵ĽޣԼս
˵ɽ磬һʿʵܴһòƻѻġ
֣ɻԡʷڲһϣԲҶء
ҲǿһЩʯΪ⼸ԪޣҼľЩʯ
Ҷ֪ʲôЦ˵
ûаԪԼϼó򣬽ԼҲҪ硣
ҶСֵܣһָⶫﶼȥģպԲΪʯɲǼλҪȥɱޣðѰĵرһЩѪǮ
ƽĵ˵ͷͬЩĽȴûбֳ
ҶΪʦӵо޶ʯԪ÷ʵҲʦûǮƣǲ֡
ѾҶصʵһΣ˽֣ɻԵǰ档
黹ǲΪҶܱȵԼ
һµĲ࣬ǿʯֲ
˵Ԫ
ԪɽҶó˽ԪɽͬԪǵƷȴи֮֡
ԪƳǳԪ
Ǳʿ븹ڣڵԪµĲϵԪ
ԽãԪԽ¡
ոƳɵĳԪ޷ʮԪȣ޷Ԫ⡣
ԪɽҶصԪɽɱȡ
ϾʮԪҲѾһٶ֮á
Ҷزʮ䣬һԪƳҲʮѡԪʱ̫ȻҲв࣬Ϊ´Ĳ࣬û취ֲ
ɲΪҶԪܳ
ʷϵܣͷЫӻֻףûͻƽ𵤣ʿ˶áһͷϵޣھʯˮʮĵطܳԿҿսˡ
ʱֿʷͷЫӣҡҡͷ̫⡣
Ҿͷ׵ĻЫǴһɽץģҺܾˣһ㣬ٳûͻƽ𵤵ļҶûʲôָˡҲһֱװȴսɡӶս١һȥһͷһЩ
ʷͷЫΡ
ȻʷĻЫӻսȻҲö˵ʲôĬȥ
ܿ죬ʿһ׼׵ǵע˾ʯһڣϸ洫ļҴ
Ӻʿػ޵ļսһֱû˿ͣٹ
ٳûг֣ȴѵĳʱ
ֻӺʿػ޼սؼʱɱȥǳܵѹСиİһٻʤ
ߣ
ĿͻȻȵȻʯھȥ
˽

ʯ
һһɴܶܶ˼£һʮɴСĺɫ̶
̶ˮڲףؾڼ֮أӵصðݡںڵĽ̶η
Ȼ̶֮Уȴŵ̶ͤͤˮ档
Ҷһ
һѾǶ䣬Ϊɫ꣬Žࡢ졢ɫֻаƴСĻǶ䣬ȴѤõĹ󣬻ӳܶ
ڣ֮Уһɵ㡣
߰Ӻ߽ʿӰڼ̶ֳߵĿյشһͷɴСĺɫ꼤
ǹУ籩ͻڹϣȻɫĽڽڵˣȴֻڹµӡۣûܸ˺
ͷ꣬ȻǾŽޡ
ܹھʯڶĽ𵤼֮У԰ռⶴѨŶڵⱾѾ֤ʵ֮ǿᡣ
Žޣֻͻһƿɹ׽֮󣬱ԻγΪʮ׵壬ΪǿʿеһԱ
߰Ӻĸ߽ʿΧͷս˽һʱҪߣȴûܽͷ׿ӲЩֲɱ
߰ʿм䣬Ϊ׵һͭ޼ףֳһ߲ɫꪵĿ׳ɫԵʮֽ
ЩԾղ洫һضʯڹȴͣˡļ֣ûκϢѾɱˡǳģ꣬㻹Ҫòָܻ
׳ɫꪣһǿޱȵɫɷһ㣬ĹϡÿһʹķɾҲûͷܵش
ӺʥƳһ־޽е鵤ܱ˵ȥˣʮ壬СӺǰ;ȫϡղܸٴĴۣҲҪõټһ£Һָܻܿ
ڣһźɫеʿĿϥڶһǣĿ䣬ޱ顣һ˾ǹǰδͶⳡս
Ҷءضᾪ죬ͨ赲ʮλʿؾʱ֮õĺʿꡣ
ǿʿ֮һΪ赲ڽʿؾľʯһֱϢָΧ֮սѾϢ˼ʱҲָ
ʿĿ¶ǵâ


418 Ѫ
ȰЩʯɱˡǣǶ˴ץʱͷˮɵӡʥУƾ˵ʵ
վǹվĮĳӺڸ߽ʿ˵
˵꣬ڵһ㣬һԾɣȵԱߵһͷŽ׵Ľ𵤼ıϣһǹһźϵʹǣĿܶڡ
ʵӺǿ߽ʿʵȫֵĻȫԶ¿ͷŽˮꡣ
ֻǣ֮ǰײػͨ赲ڽʿؾ̫أҲĴ˼ʱϢҲŻָ˶ɵʵѡ
ʵûлָʿѾҵʯȥԸͷŽˮֻ꣬ö쾩쾩ǣӺ߽ʿȥˮɱ
쬡쬡쬡쬣
顢ҶصĵʿӰͬʱʯھܶڴļͷޡ
ǣʿҪȥȴȻһǹĸ߽ʿһͷѾס˵ȥ·
ʿ
ҶͫȻһһ˲Ϣ֮ͣ뺣ʿʮɾ롣
ʿڽؾͨһȺʮʿüʱ
ȻнͨխԭʿÿֻӦʿͬʱʮʿĿ񹥣ܹڽʿַ֧֮ʱ֮ãҲԼ⺣ʿʵ˶ôֲĵز
ڶ岿֮Уʿǿĸ߽ʿ֮һڵкһ𵤺ʿԿ
ҶûжٰܺһʿԿ
ʯײʿ׶༪١νؾκһʿ⺣ʿĶֻ֡ǲ֪ʿ֣ܲܵеù⺣ʿ
Ҷľɿĳʿȥ
⺣ʿôʯڣ
⣬ˣʿӺˣӺʥҪжȡ²¡
顢֣ɻԡʷˣͬɫ৵ɷףͣ
ҲûԤϵʯλʿ
λͷĽĲʿһʱ侪סڶܾûгֹǿĺʿηû̳ԭء
Ŀ⳯Ľʿɨӹȥ֮ɫЩм
ߣ𵤳ڵˣȻҲʯʯӺʥ֮ء󴳽صķϣԼ뿪ҿԷǻʯǵ֮ء
˵꣬һеľǹָʿͷĽ顣
ʿɵıǹͬһڼս񣬲ŭɢһɻȻƣɳɽǹ⣬ǹӿʵʵɷ
ֻҪκض⵽ʿȫһһǹƣ԰һڵʿĻֻƣ̸͸
һ˫ЩǵĻźʿĶͷðһһζĺ顣ͷϵĺѾ͸üëȴȥãʿȫһûʮİֵܵסһǹ
ȴѪɫ֮ȺʿǿĵҲȻᱻѹž޴ѹɱ㹻ѡ
ûᶯĿȴ˸ʿԶƳȥ
޴ܶڣһں̶ԱߣӺĸ߽ʿڷΧһͷŽ׵ˮꡣȻӺʿռƣˮȫڹڣ̫ӲΧѽѷ֡
̶룬ƯżѤޱȵɡʯΧʮﷶΧݲͺͺͬһƬƫƫ˼ĺ̶Ȼܳɣֱŵ漣

龪ϲӣʧ
Ҷء֣ɻԡʷʿȫ䱸ûеõλСӳĺȻҲû
һʿһʿʵ̫ǿһһλʿʣµļ¶Ҫȫɥʯ˵Ҫˡ
ͻȻһʵµĺʿǽˣȫڽһ֮䡣
ܿӺĻлعζ
ʿ۷ʱԼֻҲǶ֮֡ǰؾͨȥ˴»ûָܻ
ʿаսԼɱԼ˶˵ϻʿûаܶԸԼˣԲŹʱ䣬ʿܻɱͷꡣٻͷһֶԸԼˡ
ЩͷһԺʿη壬ܿȥ˼֡ļȿռϷ硣
ʿûȰ뿪϶ǲ뱩¶ʵʵ
ɫǿһЦݣԵڶɽ磬ĵرһǼзݣǹءҵɱͷ꣬Ȼʯ˫ƽ֡㿴
ߣؾڵĵرʤǴȥҾ֡ʯӺʥ˵ˣҲС

һȷ⺣ʿûлָɱƾʿĵλʵʿĻڶʳ
ʱԽȥʿԽ
֣
Щûһʯ̶֣һȣʱԪɽΪʮޱȵࡢɫâֱȡʿ
һ֣Ҷء֣ɻԡʷʿͬʱȫ֡
ˡ
֣ɻһӣ׹ǷҫâðеСظţķһƹܶڵĺʿλӺ߽ʿͷˮȥ
ӺʿʱѪɫ֮УҲ޷Χͷˮꡣ
׵ľ꣬еȫѪһӿԣӱɳ졣
Ӻǿĸ߽ʿһƵѪڣȴδ״ǡ
Ѫ
Ȼ߾һͣѪһɿܵѪڼһ£Ѫ˿ſë
ѪɫѸγһѪ֣˸סѪƺһȼյĻһ㣬޻쵽˼¡
ʲôѪ
龪ֺȻӶҪıɳˡ
ʿᷨȻҲᱣķֻƾǿĽǶԵС
⡰ѪȴʿеһֿѪγɵĳǿ֡ȻѪֻ˸߽۷ʿյļɡ


419 ΧŹ
λӺ죬Ȼּ߽ʿյĻ֡
УѪķȽʿзֲֻ׷˷ֺѪĻҪһķֱӻɱһ߽ʿòܡ𵤺ʿֻҲֻиɵ۵ķݣ֣ͨնɱİա
ҲǴԪķ̺ľѪɵѪʿ𺦼󡣶ѪԽãԽ
ھѪάѪȼԪûʲô𡣲ΣĹͷ߽ʿǲᶯִԪѪ

걻ƵʩչԪѪֵСظţĵĹʱȻŭǹһ˲仯Ϊһ貴Ŀâ鼤ȥ
ӭϽ鹥ࡢâ
ʿŭµȫһεȵľ޴
顢飡
죬ࡢââɣʮɺâѸٻްȥССɻؽС
âδ˿ͣЪɽ֮󣬼ƥƣֱֱ
нԪȻ⺣ʿһǹסѪ˲սôȥ
ɫһƬȻֽűޱȣĿһŵסâͷҪһ⽴
Ҫȴűֱâ̫ˣ;֮ľּâ޷
̫ܶխҷֱҶغʷǲٿСظţĵ֣ɻԡ
֣ɻԵСظţķֻи֮Чˡ֮ѪڣʧܹѹʿǣϧֱսҪʿǰ汣
ִ֮ǰ֮⣬޴âҲ²ٿԪȥâ
ɰûޱȣκһĸ߽ʿҲǱûм֮ƫƫ˱ǿ̫ĺʿ֪ʿͷǰ浱ڻҡ
ʱҶغʷȻԹ۽鱻һǹɱ
ʷһԭԼԪ̼仯ΪһʮɴСתĽ֣ⷨͬʱʿâȥλʿǰ
֣ǴķԪ
ֻǵ۷ֵķԱȽ˫ǿɽǹԪʺϹʺϷֵ
޴ֱַӵֵâסǹޱȵĹ
ʷҧһķסϵػ
ȻֱĽڽڵˣվǽʿȫ̳һǹƥƼâǿֵסˣΪ²ٿԪȡʱ䡣
ҶĿһâ˼˫ָǰһӣĽҫ⽣ͻ񳾽ԪɽΪŽƹâ
ûԪȥֵâֱӹʿ
ҫ⽣ΪһŴĿĽâȫնʿѪһ׺ݵĳʿͷնȥ
ϣ𣬽ʿѪִľ죬ޱȵĽ𽣷Ѫִİȥһ磬ȴӲ޷ǱѪָ
ˣʵ˶ѣ
겻мһѪֵķˣûȥֻվǹͻִļҡҡ׹
ûü䣬ֻһصĻɫִӰȻ䡱һ죬صĻѪϣѪֲס
ѪȻûƣȴӲϡ˼֣޵Ѫɫȥ
ʷ֣Ѫ֣Ȼִ֮Ѫ֣ѪֵֻҪȫȥ϶ܻѪ֡
ҶĿһϲɫ
ʷԣû˿ȻһԪ
ĹԪֻһߴС֣ںʿѪɫϼиͼһ㱡Ѫָѿ
ҲѾջ˱ɵԪɽ»Ϊâ
֣ԪĹâΧźʿѪ֣ն͹
꿴ѪٵıðȥֻòƬ̱Ƶɳһҧ⣬߾ıһһѪ̽ǱϡѪ¹ͺʵ
³һھѪɫò԰˼֣еҲһ֡
ѪֹȻһǿһѪȫԭˡ
Ҷصʿпࡣ
֣ɻҲСظţķ׷ɽ˶ԾΧ֮С
˷Χȥİ˼оǹûâϵɡ
Χ֮£ͬ޷ԸκһʿÿؼʱǱʿס
꾪ŭӡ
Ҫȫʢ֮£ʿ
ǺģҲܰʿĹⷨ
ڣոջָҵѣܿľձģδʿͬпԼ
ǣһСƬ̹ʿҲſ˽
һͷ߽׽𵤼һͷ;޴߽׽𵤼צһֻɭɭë׵߽׽𵤼룬һֻ׻ЫӣΧסµŽ׺
һɹɵʬҺצİĴֿ裬һճ޴˿ЫӵĶЫβԾԾԣʱ׼
Ҳ⺣ùȻǾŽ׺ޣ֮ǰͨʱʣ޼̶̵ļʱϢûָܻ
ǾŽ׺ޣûҲڲٻˮϵ츳ͷųһĻˮǽǺ֮Ĺ㱻צİžҸ顣
ŸһʬҺ㳯
ҪʬҺ壬ԾҪ㿪ԸʴʬҺȴһŴľ޴˿סԼǿ˿
ЫӸ߸ĶЫں˿סһ˲䣬ʱӰȥһ̣ȻԶԶ㿪
ͷŽ׺ޣʮֱıצ롢ЫͷΧ
ʿĲٿ£Ĭϣ޳ΧŹһСṤѺıˡ
ԼʹޱȣŭҪɱ⼸ͷж鷳ޣǱ顢Ҷصʿסѵÿ

ڽ顢ҶصʿΧʿʱ򡣴ܶڣӺ߽ʿͷŽˮ֮ļսҲ˼ؼʱ
߽ʿܵСظţĵĹӰ죬ѪӿʱСһءʧȴ˹·ֻ֪Ĺûϡ
ԭҪ߽ʿĺѹסˮ꣬һˡ
ͷˮͬСظţĹĴ̼Խķʮɾ޴ĹڣＱת㳯Ӻĸ߽ʿֱײ
顢飡
Žˮһײֹ֮֮أǧɾҲһײɷ顣
ܿ죬߽ʿˮ׺ݵײϡǿûѪıһǿĽǿɵסˮӲǡʿҽжûüʱײһѪཬ
ʣµ߽ʿҲסˮķ
ʯڵľƳױˣԭȲʤȯҪɱӺʿʿǿϮ·硣


420 ᱦ
߽ʿĵʱþϲĶ쾩Ѫӿ侲
죬ǿֲ֧סˣͷˮʵ̫ǿ̫ӲǴĹףҲסػ꣬ǿ쳷ɣҪȻνؾȫˣ
ĿгˣʱǼ䲻ɾ󺰡
ҵסεðʥ֡塮츳ʥıƷһӵ츳ʥԿʿ츳ʵʮٱӺܲܳΪʮǿĲ壬ȫʥˡ
ŭоǹ񹥻ΧʿͼǻɱΧгȥԮˡֻһԸ뷨ҪʱΧгȥܡ
Υ
Ҵ˳ˣֻһҧͷΧˮꡣнɫꪣһһԾȻһ꪿ȥ
ɫꪻΪһԵޱȵâ

ɫһꪺݺݵĻڹϣ޴ʯ½֮һɫɷɫӿ
ӲޱȵĹףȻһʮ緶Χơ
ɫɷЩϸܵѷ죬޿ײ͸ȥͣɫɷƺ˵˹ڵˮ꣬ˮʱһ໽С
Ž׽𵤼ڵ꣬׵ķѾ˼产˵ĳ̶ȣһĹܹġ
ܹһꪽŽĹ׸Ѻۣһꪵֲ֮
ֻ˿ڣɲˮꡣ
ˮ걻ŭͷȻӹ˳һšͣһöɫ
þûˮջɫꪣö貵һػϣûܱܿ

һҽУ׳ѾشŰȥظѣһƬѪģ
ǸɫꪣҲϵڵϣʧȥˡ
һʣµδӺʿӲˮĶ֡
ͷعף׼תӺ߽ʿһһŭˮײ
ɱһӺ߽ʿ֮Ǹ޴ֹͣתٶȴӹһСͷ
Сӣڼսеľͽ顢ҶصʿͺʿȥȻǣҡڵġܶǿں̶ˮ֮С
ͷŽ꣬ѾгԽܵĵͼǻۡ
δں̶кӺ߽ʿ򶷣ѡڰߣΪ˱̶е
ʿͺʿ֮ļսûȤᣬ̶ֻڵļѾ̶ڵﵱԼĽ֮κޣ˿ں̶
ڽʿʿ֮ļսѡԹۣ뺮̶лָ

˫ʵת顢֣ɻԵȽʿҲû뵽ЩӺʿܵô졣ǵûɱػޣͷɱһ⡣
λֵܼӰѾֻʣ⺣ʿˡɱˣǱܼɱػޣ˳õ
龪ϲӡ
ִ꣬аɣˮ˸ɱˣѾȫԮľء⺣ʿʵǿޱȣܿסʿΧҲ֧Ų˶ãձڣ
֣ɻԲЦܹ˳ȺʿöСظţķҪȻһ񶷡
Ƚʿľϲ˿һƬȻ׵ʧ
ʿͷΧסֻĿŰǵڵӺ߽ʿˮɱľ⡣
νʯǰǵûܵõνؾӺ復ϲʮ߽ʿԽȥʧ޴
ʣ޼Ҫһ֮Ѿüܣ⡣Χݶȥ
Ÿͷͻ
쬡쬣
½ʿӰܶڡ
ͷһݵʿܶڵļսĳ棬еϵʿʬ壬ɷ
˵ʯôôĽ޵ʬ壬ԭǽּ֣֡λˡףУʿ߽ʿĿ治١
ʿĿ⣬ܶмǿں̶Ǽϡ
̶ɡ
ɻûеݣûпҶϹһ㱡ĺ˪һոտɫҫĿϺʿĿ⡣
һѾ죬һ
Ǻʿϲӡ
Ϻ
ôҲˣ
顢֣ɻԡʷʿɫͬʱ䡣
ľȻϺһ֧ʿСӣʿǽһҵʵʿ࣬ҲȵϽСӵʵ
˶ʱ֪
ϺСʿ֣ƾնһʿ
ܹõ϶Ҫһ룬һòʿҪ²֡
Ǿ⿴
ΨҶصɫδ䡣
Ŀ겻ӡЩ۵Ĳֻ֡Ҫõһѽźɹ
ϺʿǳӶźûȤĿꡣܹź
ȻȣжϺĳȴû̫ĲҾƵķչ
Ϻڼսеʿͺʿ粻Ŀ˸ƺڿʲôֱȥȥɱǺʿ
ֵܣɱ⺣ʿºһⶴڵ
нȴұֳǰѾʿΧסûɱѪıִ֮ɱֹϺҲ鲻
֣ǣǶȥֱȥϺԱߵһֵĽʿϺƺԥæȰ
ϺȻְװ׷źôȥʿ
һɵ˲Ϣ㿼ԼΪö֮۾µһתЦ
ҵǰҵʯĿ簡绹ǲɡҪ׸ںذ˰ٴ٣ֻȰȡˣջͷл̶ֶ֡
˵꣬ϺɵĳСʿ
һʿ̶̳ȥ
Ϻ̫֣һɢƶòҲõ
ϺҪȥժȻŭĻҰ׺Ҷ
ߣֻλʿɡˡ
ϺὯķŭСʿܶڣȥɺ̶ڵΪ֡
ܶڽСʿʱŭˡ
飬֣ɻԣʷʿĿǴѪսĳɹȴ䵽Ϻһħ˽ʿС
֣Ҫ˵飬ɲɱʿҲҪԸǡ
֣ɻԳķŭˡ
ɱɣ޷ˣϺɱˡұɱˣʷĿ¶׹⣬֮ɡ
Ҷֵܣأ
ҶؿȥҶصʵҪֵĻҶҲԸֲС
Ҷûгɣ˵ͷ
Ѿﻢ£벻ϺΪҲˡ


421 Χ
Ϻħͷ֮һϾͷĵϵѪף̨ǿӲޱȣͨʿ˿ĵҪ˵ɱϺ֮ˡ
ʮΪԭƳɵǱʵԪӤʿᡣ
ϡޱȵĵرǰ˶Ϻ޾η֮ģ˼Ǿ콫֡
顢Ҷء֣ɻԡʷʿǴ½ǧгһܹɾԵ
ܸ˴޴ĺô
Ҫõʮȥ鵤ԼǱʡ
ʷҪõʮһ˵ܹĻҶ֪ʷҪĳ޴ɷ
֣ɻҪõʮƳֿԸķܴƽɷٶȡ
ҶҪõһΰ˽źϸֳɡźĵõ㹻ӣȳΪʦ֮Ǳʵ
Ҫκһ˷ϧɱ˶ᱦ
ɱ˵ĺֻҪǽϺСʿһڣ˭֪ɱģ
ϾͷԪӤʿҲûδ֪ı¡
Ҫһǣ˵ĳЩơ
ڶûжǣңֻһλãûɹɼҪΪӴļ˼ɣ
ɱ˵ջǱ¶Ҳ֮زز
ޱȣʮĿأкܶδֵ鵺졣Ҹ˼С鵺չǱ޸ʮ겻ֻ˭Ҳû취ҵǡ
˾ȻΪΪһжֵˡ
áѾˣ׼ԸϺ
ǱʵĿԶԶѹ˶Ϻ̨η塣Ϊӵһģ˾꣬ȫͷԸϺ
һɽóһ
顢Ҷء֣ɻԡʷʿצ롢ЫͷޣԾγɵĲ㹥ΧȦһȱڡ
ʲô˼
˿̵ȴǾ꣬⣬ȴֳܶʿɢ
ԭʿѾΧ֧ţ֮ġֳʿǿʵҲ޷Ӿʿֹѡ
ֻΪԼҪ군ˣû뵽һתۣȺʿȻ
꣬һʱɱ㣬ҲǵĶ֣Լ߰ɡҸı⣬ʱҲ߲ˡ
ֿطɽȵ
ߣҪҵ֮ǰػͨʱȥ̫࣬ĸҵĶ֣
ŭݡ
ŭŭ߻ǱߡѾĵİ˰˾žţʣ޼Ѿûʵⳡ֮ս
Ҫ£񵽱˵ĿԼСսĿԼ
һذΧĻᣬҲɣű˵ĺӴ򿪵ȱڴ˳ȥѸ뿪˾ܶ
顢ҶصҲ׷꣬¶סܶΨһڡ
ȻǺϾڣۿϺʿܶȥ
˷ǵûȥֹ¶ЦſһϷ
֮ԸɱϺľģСʿʵԶϺʿΪܶĺ̶ڻǱһͷŽ׵ˮꡣ
κҪժҪȹˮһزСûɱˮ֮ǰ˭Ҳ
ϺҪɱˮ꣬סӺĸ߽ʿˮɱһ⡣ʿҪʰˮ꣬ûסǺˮ궷һڹؼʱһαɡ
ϺΪܳǺ;ɱʱˡȴ֪˵ģӦǲŶԡǺˮ궷ܾˣǷܺĲժ
Գ
֣ɻһۣһ뵽װ׵һ޴ôҪЦ
ˮܹ꣬Ϻʿĳ롣
Ҷس˽һۣɫƽϼڵƣԭشָĵķ
ԽؼʱԽĽǰʧСֻҪûɴںܴıս˭ҲԤϡ

ȻʿϣϺСӵļʿٳ嵽ܶĺ̶ߣͼȥժ̶ʱͻ

һͷ;޴꣬Ӻ̶гĺڵˮ档
ǹͷһԱ̵ĵϺʿһۣȻͷĽȻһڡں̶ˮϼתƺպգ̶ߵϺһСʿײȥ
ʲôػ޻ûбɱ
ϺһͷӺ̶ͻȻײ˹ɴһ
ԭΪ顢֣ɻԵ˺ͺʿҼڵػӦѾɱˡÿԼһˣ˫սϾ˼ߡ
̶ˮŹ֣ʶ޷̽ˮµκϢҲ֪ˮǷޡ
ԤϣͷŽˮͻȻںڵĺ̶ڸֱײ˹ʱɱһֲ
ãһͷŽ꣬

ǰһֽʿһײϣӲӵĻ֡ꡱײѣ֮ĹΪһ̯ࡣ
Žһײ֮εͣ˵߽ʿˣҪ˵һ𵤳ʿ
ˮϵ꣬׵ķ̫ˡܽԶһЩ÷סֱײ
ϺС
漴λʿ׷ִһĽơâ
ϵ߽׷ο
ˮϵ߽׷ˮĻ

ˮ걻εضߴʮɺߵĺʵǽˮǽΧ
顢飡
죬ѵΡˮθײ촷ۡ
̫ˣ÷
Ƭ̵ӣڽʿѾͷų˸ַɫӷΧ
ò˵ʿܹʩչĸֶֽΣԶԶҪӺ߽ʿҪࡣ
ʿĹֻ̫ܿˮӲӲһӲˮģֻбɱķݡ
ʿȴͬҪӲӲֻҪܰˮסǿ÷Զ񹥣õĻ˼ֶαʿˡ
ˮĺֱײȻ׺ޱȣȴױֲֶθסԽӽڽʿ
һһʮɵĴӸ߽׷תֱײס޷
һĽʿϲ˫ּһȫʩѹסꡣ
顢飡ڵˮ׺ײǴġꡱӷϳһԿɼѺۣѺ۲ȻһӷѳƬ
ŭˮ꣬ǳײȥ
ͷ̫ˣ߽׷ȻҲ±׾ٵײ١ȥķȫˣҲδܽסͷꡣҪɱͷ꣬¾¡
ϺȻɫ֪һ鷳
ʿɫͬѿղһСһͬʿ֮ҲδѹסͷӲľ˵ˮꡣ


422 ˮ
ˮײ˽ӷӽг˳ٶȳϺħ˽ʿײȥ
ʿȻ֪һײǿޱȣǵĻֺͷסɼæܷܶɢ˲˱ܿɡ
ܶԼɴСڽʿ˵ЩխʩչҲûа취ϸ߿նܡЩխĵΣˮΪ
ˮ꽫Ͽ֮׷һû׷ϣ㡰ءһں̶ź̶̶ڵʾһ㰺ͷϺʿһ
ĿϺʿϲҷ˭ҪǸҿ̶ͼժ϶ΪĿꡣ
ȻһЩǣӺ̶סŽĹ̫ӲҪɱס鷳
Ϻڰɸ߿գͷʾˮ꣬ϲ֪ˮϵޡϵܣûϵɽһԣηη𡣡
ǣ
һʿһĴɳһӨӨĸ߽׷ɽڰлʮɵ棬ˮնȥ
ˮ갺ͷ𽣣ΪмȷɽһͷȻſھ޿һҧסϵɽĽԡһɽѡ
ڵ棬û˵ֺ

ҶۿϺħ˵ĽʿСΧˮꡣ
֪ϺʿʵûóԶֹ濴ЩǵԪûÿһͷųֻóһЩ߽׷
ϺˮһռϷ磬˵
Ťͷڿȥ
顢ʷˣܶڣڲһЩʲô
ⳡѪսģǽʷˡҶزûоȫֻΪСӵһԱṩ϶ѡ
Ϊʿҵӣû˻ź
ҶػЩǣϺӵеķ²򵥡һʿ¹˭ֻ֪
Ҷһ£صĴӴȡˮͷϼӦ׼ıͽԪӦùˡ
ңмɱﵡȵĴĴڡŽ׵ܣҲԽɱⶴκһʿ
ϺɱͷŽ꣬ҲҪʹĴۣʵÿԳֶᱦҵĻʿʿٽʯΪǵжʿ꣬Ȼˣδظģʱܷظǵжʷϵܣ㾫ͨ󷨣ûʲô취ֹʿ
ĶŶڣʷ˵
ڶڲһԻ󷨡һ󷨣ֹ˽붴ڡ߲󷨣ͻµ󷨡Ҫͨ󷨵ʿҪҲҪʱܽ롣壬϶󷨵İ롣
ʷһ£˵
ãô졣

ʷȡʮɫâ죬ұϣڶò󷨣Աʿʿܶ
ܿ죬ϣһƬɫâܶڵסܶһյĶߡ
ϺȻ顢ʷȽʿΪȥֹ
һͷŭľŽ꣬ѾƵһʿȫԸ˿ġĽһʿҲǳ֣ǵ³ἫΪɱ
Ϻ֪ԼʿѺɱͷ꣬ܣҲø޴Ĵۡ϶ᱻ˷һ
Ҳо֮ˣϷ棬֣ͣһ֮һͷꡣƽʯΣ
ǣϵʲôȻѾҪ͸ϼںش٣һССʿôҺᵶᰮͷ껹ԼȥʰɣҾ
ɱϸЦȴݺһʮֲм
Ѿö⣬Ϻˮ궷ܾˣٳϺһƿˮѹסȥǰ
ϺɫףһؿڣǷ
Ϊʲôɴ뿪ʯҲ÷ȥɱꡣһŶڣ·ǶɱģҸȫȥ궷𣿡
ϺҪƿڴǻߣڶû˵
鱾˺ͺʿɱûˣȥ
ȻʿˣˮͻȻӺ̶ڳ˳ƶȻת˵ķ˽ˡϳְ
֪޲ԼʱʯȽѾɱˮ꣬ٳ֡
Ϻڿ಻ԡ
ڼȲȫʩΪȥɱˮ꣬ҲҺͽ鷭ɱˮ꣬ضϮɱ飬ֵˮϮ
һСģ͵ɥ
Ϻ˼룬ʧݣϲ¶ɥ֮ɫ̾һ
֣ǰеﱾӦȵȵãС뿪ʯڵ㡣뽯ÿһ죬ҵȳȥ
󣬽黹Ƿˣ鹰˵
֣սļ˶˳ڣԲ⡣ɱսļͷɱˮꡣһֱҪõ֮͸棬ضãܷ
ϺһʿˣϺȰ衣
ұ죡ħ˺˴˴ΪΧ岿ΪһͻҪħ˺˵Ĵս˭Ҳе𡣾֪ˣҲңֻҹȫ֡
ϺʿȳһͨǸ֣ħ˾ͷ֮ǰ;ʿǲΪ档
Ҷزһ¡
ϺƢ꣬Ϊĵرǿȡϡƽ飬ʲôʱȫˣ޴ò
Ϻ뿪ɱˮꡣȻɱǹᱦ
ҶϺԵʣɰЦ̴ĵǾϧϵûôס
ⷬƭˣҪ˵ɽһʮʿ
üͷ֣ɻֹһ䡣
֣ɻ۾һ˵ͷһĴɳһоŸţͷĴģСظţġ
ˡ
ѪڵĹʱܶɵĿռ伤
ʿ˶ãʿķܹѪǿѹȥǣ̼ˮ꣬䷢
Ȼˮܵƹ̼Ѫӿ̵ӿѪɫһʱ侹Ȼó졣췢ͳܶ𶯣˾졣
ȻŴȻһ
׵ĺ̶ˮȻ𣬻ΪͷʮɴСצˮꡱֱڵĳϺʿȥ
ͷˮġˮꡱ֮ʯȻ翪ѣϾâȥ߻谵ȥ
ͨȻܻˮΪΣǸ߽׷סԣˮʲôˮôǿҵļϢ
ϺͻȻĳطԾһֱˣƤ麧Ȼ


423 һˮ
ҶشӴ֮лȻվ򶴿ڵͷˮġˮꡱĿһż־ȵâ
Ҫ˵ϺʿԶԶڶ߿ڵҲܷǳĸоͷˮꡱɢΡΡȻϢ˲
߶ɿֲļϢţڳİʿһֱѹԴĸо
צֲ̿ŤųɵĴ׳󣬷žĹϵˣҪܿͬΪˮϵޣԶˮʵǺˮΪη
֩ŭסķ˻˻ĹֽУȴҳȥ
ʷͷ׻ЫΪΪûнڣǹɼĿֲϢŵſڵ֫Ƕڷ
ʲôˮϢѾ
ҶصǺˮͻȻһžһ˵ͷԺ޷Ƶӿ˳
ˮ᲻ǡһˮ
żУһˮԭϵ̬һֺɫˮƳɴнеһԪɽһˮ˽ޱȣǽ𵤺ʿӵһˮϵɽҲɽ硣
ǣżֻ˵һˮˮϵɽļƷԭϣȴû˵һˮԵûἰϢ
ҲһǣϽλԪӤʿûоˮϢʲôֻԭϡҲŽһΪȻԶԶȲϽȻˮϢʮֲֿ
ֻǲ²ѡˮǲһˮȡһЩżڵļϸһС˵ˮ
Ҷ뵽˴ûκγɣʶýһԾԼǰ档ҲûʵĴͷΪ
ˮ̫죬ҶػŪ
Ǽͷˮꡱ߳Ļ϶̵ýȥ͡ˮꡱ
ͬʱҶݷһԾڴͻ׼
һиʧֱתӡ˿ץɲԼȥðˮ
ֻ顢ʷ֣ɻˣ׷׳ǼͷˮꡱȥĿ¶ɲ¼֮ɫһ˵˶ߵڴ
ǹƶ뵽һȥˣһƲ˵
λֵܣˮôŹ֣˭֪
ʷ
ҶĬȻԡ
Ȼˮ²⣬ȴ˵һˮ϶Ҫõ֡
ƴнѾ˽ľıΨȱһζˮϵԭϣһˮнһɣɹ汸Ľʵȱ
ڽΪڣΪʵһʿ
ͨˮҪôǸʴ֮ˮа֮ˮۻ֮ˮΪںɫɫҪôޱȵĴˮΪɫ󡢱ɫ
ϢĺˮȴδϾҶͷĸʬҺΪơʬҺа֮Ըˮа֮ˮͬ
ҡͷһ£˵
ᣬҲ֪ʲôˮϾɽＫ࣬˭ҲǵòôƧ
᲻ǡ˵еڤ֮ˮϹŴ˵֮Уص׼֮ΪڤأڤһڤӣڤеˮһϾûκڤӸֻйڤˮл
ؾںʯؾڼ֮ء˵ܲͨص׵ڤأ̶ӿģǵصڤ֮ˮ
֣ɻ¶־֮ɫ
ڤأֻ翵ϹŴ˵Ϊţûһʿȥڤءڤȴ˭Ҳ֪
Ȼ˵ɫȴѾЩס
ȻҲҾԿ϶⺮̶Ƿͨ˵еڤء
ܺʹ˵еڤͨɽ綼һȻ١Щڤ紫˵еڤǶɽͨʿֵܵġ
ҾҲܡˮ֮УΪɽ缫ΪϡĶ⣬ˮҲ̶ǱͷޣҲǹ˵̶ڵĺˮԲǴ˵еڤˮˮֻǲѡ
ʷɿ˵
ˮȻڤˮǾʲôˮ
֣ɻɻ
ʷˣ˵һȻ
Ҷһţ粻зɿѰ˼ʲô

顢֣ɻԵȼʿڲ²ˮʲôʱ򣬶Ѿ䡣
ˮĲٿ֮£ͷɺˮġˮꡱһƬɵİ⻪ͷϺʿħ˽ʿ
λСģһǵҳ𷨵
Ϻ
Хһſ³һɫԪڰһӣʮâˮꡱͷնȥ
ǣ
ʿҲҵ׷״ϵɽϵɽȸɫˮꡱȥ
Ȼ飬Ŀɿڴļ˵
ʿ߽ס׷Ϊɫâֱնˡˮꡱ
ͷˮꡱȻſڣЩȫ̰סꡱʴЩЩԣҪӺˮѳ
ϺҪٿķȴȻ֣ԼʶѾƲסԪˡ
һ˲䣬λʿǷ֮ӵʶһ±ˮȫɥʧ˲ٿֻ֮Ŀŷû
ܿ죬ͷˮꡱֽЩ˳
ЩٳֵʱЩԾȻȫޣ޻ķƷϲƣॵڵϣˤɷ顣

ϺԲ۾ʧѪķѼƳɵĳ𷨵ԪȻûȡκսһ·ˡ
ˮɲǵľͷˮꡱڵĳϺɱȥҪ˸Ͼɱ
ϺĸͣԭȥӲæڶڷɶݣͷˮꡱϮ
մˮԪ̼˷ƷǵҪմϣ²һҪ
ߵĳѾʿȫˡ
ֻխĶӴܣ

ǺˮĿ£Թ۵Ľ顢Ҷءʷ֣ɻԵʿΪ֮ɫ䣬
ѹͷŽˮܹ꣬ؾ߽׽ʤĵطʯµʵѾСµģȴˮ
Ҷüͷľ
Ǻˮİʶ޷͸ֺ÷ȫޡֿµãѹ͸
Ҫ˵ϺʿⶴڵİʿȫϣҲδؾͷˮꡱĶ֡
ǡֱȥɱǾŽˮꡣ
ͷˮġˮꡱǱˮٿأֻҪɱͷޣˮȻغ̶ڡ


424 
˵顢ҶصȽʿǡˮꡱֻ¶֮ɫ˺˶ڣһƲʱ׼ߵĻôϺʿѾͷˮꡱƵĻüëֱ顢Ҷص˷³ڣѾͶ·ĵز
ⶴ߲ٶɴСݲʿͷˮꡱСĿռڶս
ˮꡱУϵĺˮȥЩˮһʿ̽ϵĻ֡͡ʴһ󶴡
ʱĿħ˵ĽʿȻɺ磬ڶӴܡ
飬òÿߵĳڣѾӦø㣬ѲɵΪҪҵɣҪǸҶ֣ϼڣض׷ɱкǣʿɱ⡣
ϺһѪɫӣһߵס߿ڵĽ飬ɫޱȵԹޡ
ϵܣ˵ģȡƶֻ뿴ζԸˮѣĳ𽣻ˣ㲻ֻһԪɣʲôʹɣɱͷŽ꣬ģƶ֡
Ц
㣡
ϺϷࡣ
ɽֱӳ鹥ȥ
ͷˮꡱ׷ĽӦﻹҸ鶯ֻ֣б׷Ŀӵķݣнп಻
ʵȻзֶΡдޣɰ
ִΧ岿֮ǰʱ͸һСͨűǹűóɱ˽Ҳ׾ٵ顣
ֻǣڴ͸ԼСͨűΪ˺ά֮ʱ·磬ԼħϾͷϵᣬάϵǰʧ档
˹ű׶áԼãҲҪۡͨűֻԪӤʿõģʿ£Բٿ޴Ĺűڷӡİ˳ԼҲǿ
ڱǽƵΣ˲ô࣬Сͨűܻ
ϺһְڴҪСűʩųˮͿɶĽ飬һնɱˡ
ͷȴԥˣݲ
Ž𵤳ڣʹСͨҪʵ̫ԶҪǿʹСͨűҪۡԼڵľ޶ԪʩչСͨű
ʮ깦򣬲ȥոսڶ㡣һĽڵľ޶ԪʩչСͨűҪؽһΪȥ
ʹԪʧνС
Լķ٣˵ҵƷԿסˮꡣҪСͨű
ϺʶɿĲ鿴䴢ܲҳʲôƷԸˮꡣ
һķһˮ㼫ɥʧԣ϶С
ͻȻϺԼײһ׵ӡһ뵽Ʒɫһϲ
Ʒ࣬ôˣҵɹɽ𵤵ʱڴ͸ҵƷϡޱȵı
Ϻ̴ӴȡǸµУһö뷨һСָ״Сİɫ
ڣֻСࡣ
಻̫ۣȴɢһŨҵĹŹζ
ϺպҲȥпٴһһСȫס
ŷһ꣬ǿ໯Ϊһʮɵİɫ㡣
Ϻ̶ߵˮ꼲ϯ˹ȥ
ˮк⣬֪ϺٿصŰʲô˺һŹ׼Ӳа֣ûж
ʮɵİĽˮȫס
ˮʱצĴŰɢ
ŰȴճצϣѸٴ¶ڡ
ǰޱȣеڡܿ죬ˮֹͣӼƽȻ˯˹ȥ
ͷˮġˮꡱûˮĲݣµأ»붴ݵĺ̶֮С
ȻЧˣ
Ϻϲ
ǱӴܵħ˽ʿûǼͷˮꡱвʱһ¾ۼϺԡ
Ƿŭڶ߿ڵĽ顢Ҷء֣ɻԺʷʿ

ǡƷࣿ
֣ɻһ۱ֱϳϺȥŰɫɴ۾ʧɿ쳯һԵĽ鿴ȥ
ϾͷĵϵϡеļƷ࣬ҲŪ֡˾ͷĵϵᣬ¶ûʿõƷˡ
УҲ֮ɫ
̫࣬Ϥˡ
ҲУմϡֻǵ಻ǡƷǡƷࡣ
ΪˣǼϺóԸˮ꣬׾ٵİѲ˼ľŽˮԵĻ˯ȥʱ򣬶һȳ֮⣬֮С
ҶؿУȴе˼顣
֪ϺֻǴȡһСŰɫ࣬ʲôƷ
Ҫ֪ͷˮ겻ǰɱӺ߽ʿ÷Ϻʿ׷ɱĲȥ
һת۵ĹͷŽ꣬㱻ϺŪĳ˯ȥˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ʲôôͷŽһ»˯˹ȥ
Ҷһͷˮʮɻ
ҶֵܣӦһʱˣ㻹֪ʲôƷ
֣ɻԶˣǳֵĿҶأڿһʿڿ׷ˡΪڶֻͨ߷ˣŻ᲻֪ʲôġ
ȷʵ֪ûҲûܳ𣿡
ҶؿЦʷ
ȻˣǶһԻ㣬ר׽õġֻҪǳɱ޵ʿƷÿγϼһƷ׵Ʒ׵౸á㲻ûɣ
ʷɿĵͷʾⶫǳƽ
֪ʿǮҪǮҲҪȥ׽ǮȻҲûùࡣ
ҶЩΡ
顢֣ɻԺʷˣѹ֣һɱǮʿ֪ʲôҲ˵Ĺȥ
ǼҶһãȻ֪̬飬֪Ҷȷʵֻý
һ޵ĺޣڲ޵ʱԻŵζܿ˯ԻֻܶԱǵһϵ𵽻˯Чͬ׺͸߼Ч
ʿɱ֮󣬴ǵҺһְɫĸ࣬࣬׽ޡ
ޣоʿһЩáϡޣǵ̣Ҫ׽ġܷܻ࣬׽ǣõĻ˼ǵЩܵϡޣܹڸɳǵķ߼ۡ
һ鵤ҩࡣȻˣ󲿷ֵĶͨɫһƷ׵ƷףеһƷ׵ƷףƷࡣƷ׵ƷףƷࡣƷ׵ƷףƷࡣʮƷϣǼƷࡣ
Ʒײͬ࣬ԶԸһײʵޡƷԽߣǮԽ󡣳Ʒ׵࣬ǳˣϼҵɱ߽׽𵤼ޣܵõҺƳࡣ
ﵽʮƷ׵࣬еġƷϸû


425 ׹ž
Һ֣ϵܣԺޣЯࡣһƷ߽࣬ף⻹ǻƷʯŹ򵽵ģԻ˯׵ڼޡ
ɫȻ˵Ϻղʹõһ飬ȻʮƷ׵ļƷ࣬Ž׽𵤺ڼˮ˯ȥ
˵ֵ
ǣ⻹Ĺؼ
ؼǣֻɱʮԪӤޣܵõʮƷ׵ࡣʮ׵ޣѾԻΣΪʿ
廯֮ӵ츳Ǵ󿪣ʵֻԪӤʿ֮⡣
ע⣬ֻǡ⡯ѡҪɱ壬ԶʿʵС
ͨԪӤʿܿ⡢߻ʿȴԡɱ
ԪӤʿоԵİաɱʿѡ
ֻСɱһԪӤڼʿܵõ⼫ƷʮƷ޸ࡣʮƷϡ̶ȣ֪ϾͷӦɱʿϺвŻʮƷࡣ
˵ɫ̫ÿ
Ѫɫ֮һʿԪӤʿǳ澪춯أ﷽Բ췭ظĺҿֻԶսŻŴѪɫ֮뿪ʿʵȻ֪
ѹϺһСʮƷ࣬һͷߴŽ׵ˮ˯ȥ
Ҷ׹˶ϺǰϤɫ˵Ĺ졣

ڵСƬ̹֮ˮ˴죬֮У׻˯˹ȥ
ڣڽʿ״һ֪ʯвȥ
鲢δֹϺ
ʵϣҲͷߴŽˮ޿κΡ
ͷĹ׷ǿ̫֣ͨˮϵܼԦ⺮̶ڵغˮҪжȡһ㼬ޱȣ֪ôȥɱ
ȻϺʮƷ׵ཫˮ˯ȥɴѡ˾ۣûȥֹ
ȻڵİʿУû˭޴ȥ׽ͷ˯ȥľŽˮꡣ
࣬˯ʱƵģԼʱҡһȥ׽ѹǶ׷Ҳסͷ𵤺ڼ꣬ᱻײơûмɰտסͷˮꡣ
ʯĿͷˮꡣ
ֻҪûˮӣǲժɵ顣
ҪģǽԷСʿ
ϺĿڶ߿ڴĽȼʿͷŭ죬ɱԽȡ
飬Һˮ궷ܾˣȻɣŶûУҵʵǼ̹ȥжԶԶҲ档
Ϻûˮвû⵽лΣաҲҪίȫ±Űֱ
֣ǸղŶ˶ڣǼҪʮƷ׵˯ˮ֪꣬ôճܷߣɴɱǣȳݺǣ֪ˣҲ˵ʲô
ʿһַɽָ飬ŭµ
ɴǼɱˣͷ֮ޡ
ħ˽ʿͬð𣬰ѸǿԪ˳׼ս
޳ܣȳ֮ΣǼֵҪȻôǶ֡
֣ɻϼĻӦ
ܶڣʿţţޱȽ
ʿΪ֮ǰĶԹѾˮݵĳСΪѪɱǱȻ顣
ϺĬһ¡
йǣû̳֣ȵ飬ΪǽʿΪԼǿҡҵĶ֣ҲҵġʶȤԼ뿪˵أҶɱ㣡
ߣⶴڵȿСǼ˺һᣬѾȻӲҪᣬƶʿҲһƣϾͷĺᣬʲô˲õͨɱʿ
ɫҲࡢԪһ˵ѤâӳյĹ⻪Ŀ
Ҷء֣ɻԡʷԣ֪׼ϺһӲսĬȻԣֻǼԦŸԵķޣͽ鲢ɫϺˡ
Ϻ˺ˮʱǵķѾ»ָ
ѾֳΪ޵ʵСʿҪʤϺСʿһ
ǰʿٶûһЩóķ鱦ѹ׵ɱﵣ׼ؼʱͻȻʹԵзʹɱ֡ԣҲ˵һһʤ
Ϻޱɹʿħͷĺᡣ϶ѹ׵ɱﵡ
Ϻһɨ˽顢Ҷء֣ɻԡʷ˵ķͷһۡ
ߣôһʵҲҲ֪ĸҶҾͳȫǣ
˵꣬һĴһɫķڶڵİա
һžһ㳾޻ۡؿżС֣׹ž
ڰգȴ֮ȻС͡׹⣬ھһš˿˿ΡȻϢӾйʿѹȶȥ
Ǽ˿һʰӣ
ϺڰУһֲٿžȻİͷ­ŵ潯ˣڿһ㡣
Ϻһļħ˽ʿɿ˵Ϻ󣬶ǿڷ˾;η֪ϺЯ޴ķֻϺһֱȱܣǲ֪ʲôڣڿĿ
׹ž
Сͨ
ϹԪӤʿʹõķ
֣ɻԶˣкϺһʿžʱѿڶȻûмžȴ֪ĴڡϵС֣᲻֪
ҶЩţѾоžйϢһּΣյϢ
Сͨж
ǣϺǿƺͲмһ˵ԿϹԪӤʿʹõ׹žСͨǶôķͬСɡ
תͷ顢֣ɻԶˣǾȻǻ̿ѪɫԶȼˮٿغˮΪ־塣
ҶޱȾ裬һ׹žһȻ䴢ϡ
ôܣСͨǶɹҲ֮ó뿪ɹСͨԪӤʿܼԦʿû㹻ķԦϾͷôһСͨ͸һ𵤳ڵʿ
麧ȻʧĶڰյžȫ޷š
֮ǰĹƣϺȻɼԪϡ溱ķ֮ࡣ
ϺսضһѪսϺʤܹɡ
ֻҪɵʤ㣬㹻ĵˡ
ڣϺóľȻһСͨȡϣ𡣻ϺĿԣֱӱһɶûС


426 Сͨ
һСͨħͷɹ֮һ˵㲻ʲôѾӡСͨĴ󲿷ʿȻҲáұСͨһάһµġƫƫ֪Ҫұȫǣͨͨ𣡡
ϺЦ
ȻһڵĽ𵤣һҫޱȵĹâһžޱȵԪȫ׹žСͨϡ
ϺǽڶʿķľеķҲ޷ʹһСͨ
ãֻԪʩչˡ
޹޻ĹžһžԪ˱仯
һ׹⣬ڹžڼҫ˾ηϵϢӾɢߡϹŷʼ¶յ
ɫ䣬˵Ȼһ㣬㼲ˣӶȥ
ûѡϺ
Ϊʩչܿ죬ֻҪ֮Ĺܷ
֪ı£޷һʱڣһɱϺ
ϺֻҪת۹򣬱׹ž׹žСͨǾԵס
Ϻ˵û׹ž֣һʰҶء֣ɻԡʷʿ
йʿʵԪȫֵ׹žĹԼôɵİգܵס׹žһ
ɹİ̫СŪʿȫһ֮군ž׹Ϊҽ
ѡܵĻԼɵļʣʱ׹žĹ
ðķգȱȫԼ
Ѫɫ֮֮УҪҪʱͬ
Ҷء֣ɻԡʷȽʿʱӶᱦĻѣɹܲôࡣԼһ£ԼļʸһЩ
һˣһķӦ
֣ɻԡʷˣҲɵӣ᲻֪СͨĿ£ͬʱųˡҶص󣬼ٳ⡣
˶ңҶƺû׹һֱĶ׹ž˶ѾˣžȻعҴҼˡ
Ҷϵܵ棬һĻᡣ

Ϻûڵһʱ䷢Сͨ
ڸղһžԪʹ֮£׹žֻһأȻڰΡȻƺڵϺԪȥ߶
ЩԪѾӡ˾ųɵԪȻ޷ѵҪȥʮԪУҿҪµؽһȥˡ
ϺԾ
ңɱ˽ʿ㲻붯СͨҲˡȻһҧӸٴһžԪ
ۣۡۡ
Ԫ
ÿһڣϺɫ԰һ֡
һԪȥ֮Ϻֻڡһ𵤹âѾӽ𵤶Ϊ½Ϊһ㡣
ʱ׹ž㹻Ԫڷ׹ھӿâɣ֮ƺˡ
ͨͨȥɣҪˣͨͨͷ֮ޡ
Ϻٿ׹ž׼ڡɫ԰ήҲ񣬵ȴ¶񿺷쳣֮ɫмޱȵԹߡ
ýڵĴԪСͨ㱩һ׵Ϊ
ΪһΪԪķʮĹһڰװ׺ȥԼʮԪ˲ʹĴۣβǻԹޡ
ΪΪֵڵĻģΪĵλܹƴˡ
͡
һִɣɫ׹ɲǼ׹ž֮б˲Ϣɣɨ顢Ҷصʿվ֮
׹ٶ֮죬Ҫ˵ʿԪӤʿҲ޴Ӷ
顢֣ɻԵʿ
ˣӣ
Ҫˡ
ǲż˲ɣ㺧Ȼһƺ˵׹⣬ƿռ
䣡
ڵļӲʯޱȵ׹ɨ֮ȻĴ󶴣ϰɷΧʯ̮
ʯʯڶصϴΪӲޱȡ׷ȫһҲֻʯ߶ĿӶѡ
ûȴ׹£ķ飬ΧƬʯ
ͨʿȻҲҸҶ·һ
ϺЦ
顢Ҷء֣ɻԡʷʿͷޣһȫ׹žǵɫ׹ɨûӳȥ
ǶΪҽˣ
׹žȻСͨʿûУ𡣡
һģһͬ׶ָɵս۶Ҳûмʿսֱ֮ضɽ硣
ħ˵ʿ¶η֮ɫϷɵϺԣ׷¶ģֺá
ˡǼȥЩʯῪûʲô¡ȥժˡ
ϺԵãһΪĿ˵˵꣬Ҫջ׹žȥ̶ժ
ǣ
ʿҪʩῪһƬ档
ĳɢȥڴ¶һƬ̮ķʯ顣ڽʿ˵ʲô
ͻȻʯһּ⣬Ǿס
һֻӲӵľƣһɵĴʯƿȻһߴɵӲӵĿܣȻʯվһ˾ǹĿɨϺ
Ŀǰ׹˵ڣǰ߰ߵĿӡ
ǣչûб׹٣ûܵشֻǰѱһɫǸ˵ļѿѡһɸߴĿ˵ֻˡ
ʲô
ʿȻһĵˣ˿
ǲɵһ׹ž׹֮½ܵ΢˵Ŀܣ˵ҲǾŽϽ𵤺ڼܣʮԪӤܡʲôˣܾ𵤳ʿܶԸġ
⡭ʲôܣôûб׹ž׹٣
ϺܣһŴˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôͫһ
ɫǡ
һȫƵĿܡٷԵĲϣԷмǿĵֿܴЧСʿУȻӵһܡô
Ϻһ˵ͷ֮£ǻһѪӿ̲ס˳
׹žȻӡ˰˾ųǵ׹Ǽķͨķ޷ֵ
ûκһ𵤳ڡʿܹסһ
©һ⣬ǾֱٷϣڶΪ߼еķֲ̫ټûǰʿС
ûһɸߴܣҲòôԭֿܡ
׹һװ׺ķʮԪӽڶ˽һ㣬һܸסˣôܲѪ
ϺûѪ顣
Ѿ޴ΣһɼΣյϢҲ룬мһɫԪɽǰ
ͬʱ֮һĴɳ׷ȫΪԼ
⻹׹žҲͷųŵԪ
ǹΣյϢϺսѾ˲ôࡣԼӽһھŲΪҲҪȫס
ǸǱŵĶӵһٷǿܣĿס׹žʵȫ֮ϣȴһֱȫҪͷһ

һӰг
ĵ𡢺졢ࡢԪɽâʶٿأҫһöɫˮ飬һöۺɫϼ飬һϿʹâ
ĿһâϺ׹ž
Ҷء
Ҷرǲ㾡ȫԼɱﵶϺ׹žƵòòȫ֣ɱﵾŽҲ˳
۲ϼ⡪
ҶХһöۺɫϰա
Ȼһۺɫϼ⣬ϺǱɫɽϡǽɫԪɽʱϼ֮ͣͲ
ҫ⽣𽣡˿񳾽
Ҷһӡ
ĵâȫϺΧȥžסϺʩų׾ٵȫѹס
ʱҲˡ
˫ڵһţȻһԾоǹΪһâಣǹһţӰڶ෨ļ϶һ
ͣ
Ϻƴؿڱնĵͷֻһ޴Ѫǻڸȫ鶴
㣡Źģ
顱Ϻһ˫ۣĿĴʮɸ߿׹ڵϡ
Ҷޱ飬һУһ׹ϯ滹׹žס׹žѾûˣֻ˼£С
һĹѾɱ˶ᱦĹ̡
ȻҶתͷĿ䣬ĮȻĿɿڴħ˽ʿ
иոմӷ֮лͷδû׷ʲôĽ顢֣ɻԡʷʿ


427 ߡ
ҶͻȻʯгٿתɱϺСͨ׹ž
ħλʿûܴӾзӦϺ䣬һֻֽŷеҶ
ȲҶıԪжǿֻɢſֲϢıܣǴ𺳺ѹ׹ž֮¡
Ͼ׹žҪһιĴۼϺֻһαȥʮԪһײΪ
׹Ǻ
ܣȴⷢжΪѸͣ缲һǹֱҪϺλʿ
ҶزٿһһСͨ׹žʿ嵨ѣɥ
顢֣ɻԡʷˣʱѾʯлͷѾϺҶغӲӵɾ㵵˵
ǱΪԼҪɥڵҪ׹֮£û뵽ȴӹһ٣ҶѾϺ׹žˣ׹Ҷһֱʵ˵УʵǿȴΪʿ
ҶֵǺֶΡһŽ׿ܣȴû˿¶̹򣬽𵤺ʿҲȣʱգһΪ
ɫĪ⣬ֻǻΪһ̾Ϣ
ҲһĴķûó׼ƴʱϡǷϺ׹žҶصȣȴֵһᡣ
ɽǿΪ𣬴ΪϡҲСֵƣǸС֣Զȥ
֣ɻĽɫȴһֱ۱׹ıԵɨУѾ˻ҽͷ߽׽𵤼룬Ҳ׹군ʵٽĳϡҪһͷޣ֪ѹ
ɫΪֵģȴʷ
⡭ʥʵĿܣ
ʷһδۣȻ󲻿˼Ŀ⿴Ҷأʹţ˵ʲôȴû˵
˻֪ȴĺܡҶһ棬ޱȵļǵãʥʷ湬ڱһ״Сһģһʥʱ׵Ƥ£ûǸʿȥ
ô䵽ҶصУһˣͲˡʷ֪ҶغʥйͻܴʥߵģҪ
ҶرĿɨħ˽ʿȻ󳯽顢֣ɻԡʷ˿ȥ
˶ʱһ
ҶıԪö黤Ժʿ⡣ʶٿһŽԺʿ⡣ֳһ׹žһɵʿ
ʵѾʿҲҶض֡
Ҫ˭˸޷ֵ֪Ҷػ
ǻʲôϺ˽Ǵˣ㶯ְɣɱ⼸ħʿȻˣ뿪
ҶЦĶǣޱ˵꣬ҲǵķӦֻ߳ʯ̮֮ݵϥֳ׹žš
쬡ĻΪһӰҶصԣֳһǹ˫Ŀ˸ɨڽʿ
顢֣ɻԡʷ໥һۣɰһҶػǵͬ￴ڽѾûʸˣǿ˼ҶرĬΪСӵӣҲֻаҶ˵ȥ졣
˷׷״ħʿɱȥҪɱڣ󻼡ϺСӵУϢ©ȥС˶֣֮˭Ҳû
ҶزɫĿŽ˺ħʿɱͬȴð亹еһ˿¡ղǸǿƵ̬αװġ
ֻԼ֪Լʵ
ǿƷʯģղŵ׹׺һöƷʯеѾĴ
ǣһ鼫ƷʯʮƷʯɡ
ܹôһ鼫ƷʯҲҲڶ顣ֻάָƶͽѣ޷ͽʿάְϵɱ
ʵֻʿʿԸ
ڣⶴʿһħСһ֪û㹻ʯȥѾ˵ûпҶصʮ֮ڡ˫ǳӣҲûֵĿܡ
ҶؼѾɱŰġֳһʶž̽β׹ž
СͨľеʯҲ塢ѹסڵڽʿ

ҶԴڶߵĳڣʿɫȻһۣ֪ձɣûĿܣɷ׷¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Ҫһ
ʿХ׳һɽûɱˣȴ̶ˮ깥ȥҪ˯֮еľŽˮ̼ѣĻҡ
ĵã⣡
ЦſâסʿķɽʿκĻᡣ
顢֣ɻԡʷˣħ˽ʿսɱ
˵ʵҪʤħʿһҶػûг֡ⳡûκ
ҽУħʿȺ䡣
ܸµ𣬽Ϻͼħ˽ʿʬףӺʿʬףһΪҽеĺۼ
׹ұµĺۼǸȫ
߼žֻʣҶءˡͷ˯δѵˮꡣԼ̶귢Ÿɫʵ
顢֣ɻԡʷҶʮԶδҿ⾪Ҷ֪ôġ
һҶصʶ׹žг룬˿ȥ
ҶֵܣеĺۼѾɾ㿴̶ڵη֣
Ҷѯʣдż־ηϰ괳ľ飬Ȼ֪ʲôʱõͷ⵽֮֡
Ҷһʣ֪ܵԼڣԭ齯ӸȡߡҪӣҲûԡ
ҶغޱĶˣ粻һԲ
˲֪Ҷʲôн֣̿ӵͷȴѹס˿ӵı¶˵ҶŶ߿ڣɱǱв˻ףҲûӡ
ҶضǺһȷʵйڵͷͷһʧչ鲻ĺΪ˱ͬﶼֵʿ
ǰ˵õķ֡ȡһӣʷȡһ֣ȡһҵһźСʣµĶŰɣɽĹأĵرܾȡϾǧ֮ǰǰʿʯδȫȡߣҲҪΪʿһЩźá
Ҷƽ˵
Ҷֵǡ
˶ʱһѾʪ͸ӹŹһȦҶصľηһ֡
ҶֵܹȻǸ֮ˣѹʷֻҶֵܣҪһպԵлҶֵһȥѪɫ֮
Ҷһۡ
˴Ӻ̶ڣȡһ
⣬һЩϺȽʿϵսƷڶķʯҲҪ䡣Ҷֵܣ㿴δ
ʵѾװԼСͨһԱ¶Ҷصš
׹žңϺʣµǿʮƷҲңľͲҪˡʣµƷֺ֣ʷķˡûɣ
ҶֱӴϺĴȡһУʣµһС
˼̵ͷͬ⡣
׹žʹҶУ˶ҿȡСͨʮƷ׵࣬ҶҲʲô⡣
һӣû˿Ĳƽ⡣
Ͼʮ׵ӣڶɽ֮٣󣬼ֵ׹ž֮¡ԪӤʿڳ϶ȳӣȥ׹ž
ϾСͨڶɽĸɹвٵġӣȴǿ֮
һӣʮ֮࣬ΪľˮɫֻҪҵһλʦʼͣҲһöǱʵҲʦȥڳҲĺۡڽ˵Ѿռ˺ܴıˡ
Ҷغͽ飬׹žӣֵߵƷߡ
ʷһʮһ
֣ɻȡʮ
ȻҲǷͬѰƷǱ׹žֵԲࡣ
ûϵħ˽ʿЯĴڣڶ෨ʯֵ֮࣬ƣ֣ɻԺʷķȥ
Ƕÿ˵һԪʮͨڶ࣬ҲֲˡһǰʯõıĻҪࡣ
Ҷַ䣬ڶƷ˳Ϸһգȡ裬Ҳûзִ


428 ʥ
սƷ֮󣬽뿪뿪֮ǰһ飬ΪǣҶ֣ʷ׵ǾαɱϺ鱻¶ȥ⡣
Χ֮Ϻûܰʱʿ϶֪⡣ϼҵĺĵض׷ȥ
ȻһʱᣬӦòỳɵϡǷϺϵķպʹãȥܻܿ¶˿ʿϡ
磬ɫ˵Σ뿪˵֮󣬶Ӧһܣⱻ׷鵽ʲôħʿֶηǳ˵ֻҪһ˱סԪӤʿʩչѻ϶ܰͬﶼҳǼʿɿסı
ȷʵӦñһܡִ֪ȥ
Ҷصĵ˵ͷ
ҴȥһѪɫ֮Ѫɫ֮ս֮أǲ׷鵽ҵ䡣λʲôȥûʺȥĻһͬǰѪɫ֮ȻգֻҪܻܵõٺô
˵꣬ĿҶˣȻϣܸͬУȥѪɫ֮
Ѫɫ֮׵ҾͲȥˣڴսʵ𣬴ȥչؾһʱ䡣֮һıϼϾͷгԹϼһ໥ӡϾͷǿҲڱϼ׷顣ȥϼڵݱܷͷһǱޣʮ֮󣬵ȴƽٳ
֣ɻԶһۣȻ˵
Ҷֵܣأ
Һֲ֣ࡣһƧ˵С죬ǱҲŽһ㣬ԪӤ绹ңңڣһΪء
Ҷص
һϺ׹žͷǲóҪͷҲν¶
Ǻǣҵ˵УҶֵϣ̤ԪӤ硣ɱĲĲʿǿ̫ࡣȻҶҪҾͲǿˡʷϵأȥ
Ц
ȥԶֲ̣صҵİΣ
ʷٺЦ
˸ȥҲûȰȥѪɫ֮漴ҴҸǣ뿪˾ʯ
֣ɻҲȥ
ʷû뿪ҶصۣƺʲôҶ˵
ʷ֣ʲôֱ˵ɡֲˣαؼ⡣
ҶؿһֹģЦ
ʵǴ½ȥһҵҶֵܣⶫûʲôǣҵĻɴһ½ȥԶⶫ˻ǰ;ҶֵΪأ
ʷЦ
ɽѷԶⶫḻʷ֣ôͻȻͷҪһҵҲȫڶ
ҶشΪ֡
ʷɫ֪ôͻȻ΢䣬ֹȻԭġҲգȻҶֵûлȥĴ㣬Ҳǿһʮ꣬һضպֵپ治١ջû˵ԭֻǷɿҶظ𣬱뿪ߡ
ҶЩͷԣʷ
ʷߺҶȴüͷ˼
½ɽʯﶼ̫٣ԽϵʿܲɽһֱϸƽʿѶĽʿ
ʷļ󣬿϶ϣгһܳΪԪӤʿΪһôӦڶŶԡ
ʷĳӣԼȻ˶ֻȥʲô
ҶʵЩ벻ͨʲôʷͻȻȥ
ԣ
ͻȻһ𣬾ѹ
󷨡ʷʯΪʮһΪԼŷʥ
Ҷһ뵽һ
˵ص׻еλʥ֮⣬ûɿʷʹӶңԶ½ȥʥʣ˭ʷĸԸȥΪ֮Ч
ǵãʷڽؾ֮ǰ֮ƻһϹͨ󷨡
ͨΪ˵ʿԽΪһɾɵٶȣƷֱӵĹϵߴʮһ׵ԪӤʿҲõһּƷڶɽܽǰס
ΪʷԼʷ˵Ҫ½һҶؾѹԼȫ´ˡ
ҶһɲǼ䣬ʱ͸
ʥʵһȺعʿôʷֻǸʱѾͶЧʥʣѹôĽؾðķգֶԸϺһ½ʥʴӵص׷֮´󹦡ʥǿޱȵĴɽȻϾͷҲ˿塣
Ҫ֪ʥʿǧǰΪԪӤʿڻûľԪȫɽһϲĹ̥ڵ;ͷûʥʱȡ˵ʥԪľˣ˭Ҳ֪ôڵġ
Ҷзࡣ
ʷһ̫û͸¶һֱΪʷڶǵûѾͶЧʥʡ
ʷԼԼҲͶЧʥʣſԼһͬ
Լû㷵ȥʷ̾²⵽ԼûͶЧʥʵģϲٶ˵Ҵ뿪
֪ʷͶʥʣԼʷ
ڵص׻ʱ򣬺ʥйһγͻʥʵʥʳ˲Сʥδʵȥ
ʥ֮˶ɽضһ籩ꡣ
Ȼ˵ʥδػΪ˵ڵ»һС£ʦ׷ɱ鷳ҲС
Ҫʥʼǳֻ׶༪١һԪӤʿҪһ𵤳ʿȥһֻϻס
ðաʥҪ붼Ҫͷʹ
ҶڶڴһɫףƺϣݺһţһҧȻ˳ȥ
ʷҪǲϣɴɱʥĿܡƽ׶ʥԪӤĴС
Ҷٶȼ죬֮䣬ΪһӰ˾ʯ
ǣʯ֣ȴûʷӰѾԶݶȥ
ҶطϰգûܷʷټȻɥ
ʷ뿪ؾڶͣض̷½ͬǽһʿʷԼ٣ʷͨҪ׷ޱȼѡ
ʥʾҲҵΪеļλħ˾ͷ顣ǧǰʥʹֹͻԪӤھ磬֮ڶɽһˣһѪսԱġԼʥ֮Сͻ֮˵΢һʱᣬʥӦû˼ԼһСʿ鷳
Ҷתһ룬Լһɡ
뿪ؾȥ֮뾡һǱޣ͵һЩⱻʥʼԼһСʿĴڡԼΪԪӤ֮ǰðͷֻгΪԪӤʿܱⱻʥ׾ٵɱ


429 ˮ
Ҷ֪׷ʷټԳأٶȷؾʯ
ʥʾҲһʮ֮飬ڲҪ̫ǣǰѴ˵ʣ鶼׵˵
Ǻ̶еĺˮ취ôȡߡ
صʯڣĿꡣ
顢֣ɻԡʷ˶Ŀ죬Լ󣬿ܿ׹ĺû¡
޼ȫ帲ûצ롢Ыǰ棬ûü׹ֱӺɨ
צʣСʹۣԶ֪ɣҲûٷѹȥ룬ֻ¼޵֫㡣ҵЫֱ׹֫û¡
˵ʿΪ˶˲СĴۡ
Ҷʶʯɨ
ף
¶֮ɫ
Ϣʮֵ΢ǻû⡣
ҶæʩչŲƷʯŲ
ڶĿҶһۣ޹⡣Ȼ˴ĹǺͷ­ڵöȴֻΪ˵׹ȥԪ̫࣬Ѿӳصʯ
ͨˣѪͱɣǿоȻҲɥʧսûҪȥȡ
ĽֻͬҪһİ׹ǣ޲庡ǵˡ
Ҷشϲҵ̳嵽ʯʯڱӺʿɱʮͷ𵤼޵ʬ壬ͨͨ˹ýЩʬϣЩʬʬָ
Щ𵤼ޣܹýָԪҪָõս»Ҫʱȥ޲ǡ
ʱ޲һͷ߽׽𵤼ĺǣȫֵáңҶػָгһܳΪŽ׽𵤺ڼأǿǷǳǿս
ҶЩܶǿں̶뿴βȡ̶ڵĺˮ
ͷŽˮ꣬ں̶߳˯
ҶûȥֻǴӴȡöż򡷣ʶһˮԪɽԭϡ
һˮڼ֮أԼΪɫĺڣ߽롣
Ƭ֮Ҷ˼ģ۾ź̶ĺˮ
ˮһļϢ֮ǰħϺʿķһˮ㼫ɥʧԣΪƷ
а˾ųɰգһˮ
Ҫȡں̶ڵĺˮΪ֡
鷳ǣ벻ʲôװʢˮôߡ
Ҷô«֮ķȥպˮһһˮܿ㻯ΪƷɥʧԣװˮ
ͨķ޷װʢˮ顢֣ɻԵҲΪԭ֪ˮǼˮϵϣȴûˮȡߡ
Ҷں̶ߣü˼һĪչ
ƴнһԪɽԭϣܷ

ҶͻȻƳһ뵽һӡ
ǱٷƳɵĿߣûԵʯڸпղۣװˮҺһˮֻκβ
뵽ɣҶؾܡ
ˮϵٿطһİ̶档
ɷһˮ㡰͡ˮʯһ㣬Լٶ߽⣬롣
Ҷϸȥǵˮ߽ΪһһΪ΢Сİ׹㣬ȻЩ׹ʧ˿֮С
ˮֻǵ֮΢΢һָΪˮ޷ݡ
ףˮ߽ڣ
ҶסССĳһ
ǣˮͷܹ÷ˮΪ塣˵ֻҪˮϵ㹻ǿܶˮáˮˮϵޣ׷ǿޱȣ츳ͨˮϵ߽׷ٿغˮںˮ֮С
ҵˮϵݷ̫ˮһԣǿЧ
ҶͬʱϵƽʱרעΪˮϵԵ˽ڣҲֻʩչͨˮϵн׷
ˮˮϵĻȴǿʩչˮϵ߽׷
ֳˮ飬ٶȴһˮˮ֮С
ǵɱڣһΣǿ࣬ûбһ߽롣ͼһźˮǲߣһźˮ֡һȥ
ա
Ҷسȵ
Ȼһ޷÷ĺˮȥһСɺˮ
ಣ
һСĴָСĺˮӺ̶Ծˮһ㱻һȥװ븹ڿղ֮С
ˮȻûʲôӰ졣
Ҫ֪׹ž͵׹Ҳֻ˺һǶѡˮԶ׹žԵ
ҶΪ⣬ȡˮ
ķʱǧβݣڵķÿʮΣò´ƻָˮڸ̶еĺˮʮ֮һҡ
Ҷ֡
Щˮ㹻һˮϵԪɽˡֻȻص복֮󣬱ȫԼԪ
ԪɵĴнһɣʵһءڽ𵤳ڡʿиûж֡綯׹žĻ𵤺ʿж֡Ȼͷĺ⡣ɹУʵߵı̬ʿеġҶǵĿԲ
ҶһУΪһ⣬ĴУҪ뿪ʯ
ɨһܶǷ©
ɨܶ棬ϻмӺʿʹùıСǹ֮ࡣһ߲ɫꪣۡҲղǣɴ඼
Ҷһ
ǲǾı𣿼ǵǿĴн󶼱ˡ˵ҲһǳϹűˡ
һץǱɫꪼӽС
ⶫǷ
ʿ÷ֱɫꪶ˵ô
ʿãϹűڣһξɳ̫װ˷ѡ֪֮Ƿʿȡߡɴȥ

Сʱ֮һƼٷؾİУؾĳͨȥǼԦϵҶء
Ҷֻؾдһ죬ؾ·գжĹ򣬵ȥˡ
õһźϸľ֮УѾȫСȥ֮ռʯϸڰֳС
ԼΪʦܿ¯ơǱʵñıƽ⡣ԪӤƿɴٵʱ򣬲Ϊڵıʧǿҵĳͻ䡣
ҶضԼ岿֮УѾˡ
οõһСͨ׹žԼһˮǶӵľϲ
ĻԵʮͻȻ
˵ûĻԵҲɣɽʿֻҲ޷ɡ
ףײĴʦʥŮǹǸ峤ﲿĴ죬Ӻľ꣬ôۼ
ǧеͻȻ׵ļͣ


430 
ؾĳأһСУҶصֹ
ֻԶɽһƬ̵ĺ֮УĴʮ߽ʿһƺڼҵʲô
ҪǵɤźܴϣҶؼûע⵽ǡ
Ҷ֪ʥﲻһԲûؾһжǵȥɱޣȡʥӺ壬ʥꡢһȺӺĸ߽ʿؾ֮ں󣬱ȥ˾ʯײǹﲿҲȥ
ڣĴ¾ۼһҶظе졣
⺣ؾʱǳޣֻ첻ͻգǲûȥؾɱޣȡĵرۼһɽϸʲô
ĪǣʲôǿޣػżΪҪҪĴʮʿһֲУ
ҶаԲ²⡣
ϸһ룬Ʒ뷨
ŽµĽ𵤼ޣֻҪǵһ߽ʿֱУҪôʿۼһжʮԪӤޣʿһϣҲǰװȥûɾۼһ𡣡
Ҷ˼룬ûͷ
ڰлƮУϢԶԶȻԶ̫죬Ƕڽʿ˵Ѿ㹻ͦˡ
Ҷû¡
Ǻʿʵһ𵤺ʿʵ൱οһԹǹĹǹˣԼŽڵﲿ죬ԼĪĴʦʥŮǺǵġ
һˣЩĴǵĶ֡
Щۼıȥʲô֣ǻ
ҶԦϣϢ뿪۽ȴͻȻһ·һϤĽʿӰ
һƬǳεɽ괦ïܵĺ¶ͷŵһַۣɿ˻ȥ
ڰУҰ޷Ǵɽꡣ
ҶϸһӸɣصʿȻҲУ÷Σαװ˺
ĸˣһȺ߽ʿ֪
Ҷذһ䡣
ԭ׼뿪ģȴͣ
ܷȥ
ôϽӳӳҪִˣ϶ҪشΡϽĹɫ
ָܹϽõż򡷵ƪС潣Ū֣ɲܸϽ

ϵĸ߽ʿ࣬Ϊ׵ȴֱֻײƴʦʥŮӺľ죬ǹ峤ﲿ峤
˾ۼʿм䡣
꣬أôֻһǻϣУӺʥʥ
ƴʦֳַȣĮĶž꣬ʡ
ʦҵԡѪսȫʥӱɵȥ޿ɷ档
ɫͬ䣬˵꣬Ȼտڲԡ
ΪӺĴ죬ĵλǺʹʦһģҪʦɫҲڵơ
ʲôûвժӣô˴©ƳʥһζԭϡûʥǶôʥʿ
Ƶɫһ
ߣʥײѧѾ꣬Ҳûɹһνʥװ˷˴ԭϡЩϣĵҩٻܶһЩ߽ʿ
겻ΪȻ
㣡
˪쳣ѿ
ˣʦȻʥ˶ˣִҲûá취ôʥӶɣлʥӶ
ͻȻڵ
ؾһȺϻСôȥҶ˵ʥӣ˴ΰװ˶ĸ߽ʿȴûܵõΪҪʥӡ֮ڣʥ޷Ƴ
ĺݺһ巨ȣҧгݡ
ʦӺײһ˶ûҶû˵ʲôʲôñԹġѾۣһȥʥ顣

˵Уֻơꡢڼ
ʥŮⳡִν̬ȡְŪ˿ϵŵһɫǺݣһĵ̬ƺѰʲôȤ顣
λǹ峤ɴ˫ֱأ̧ͷһ˫Ϭ۾İգû˵
㿴ʲôأ
Сʵ
ûʲô
ŰգͷҲأ
̧ͷһЩƲƯڿУƮ
ʲôÿģ
಻ɺЦ
ȴɫĮûн͡
Լãʲôտǡ֪Ƽαװʮ
ؾ﷽ԲѾγһƬСеĵط䣬еĵطȴȣ羭֡ҪڶƲҳԾģһѵ顣
ˡ
ƺ;ָ޹գջǾȥʥ
߰ɣȥʥ
ҡҡͷ
ĴһȺʿ뿪ںԾҴ

뿪žֹƣȻ֮仯Ϊһڹ⣬׹ֱ£ڵ档ȥҶص¶
ɽҪ壬ͻȻһʿƽ֮ڣɶһ
Ҷ磬ʲôʱģ֮ǰߵ̫죬Ҷ֪ȥˡ
ͷһҶأľϲ
ҶصȻˣԼͽȥ˾ʯΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳Ǹںˡ
ǺڸʲôһЩ߽ʿ֣
Ҷۿʵ
Ҷ磬ǱȥѰɱޡ䷢ʦ˾ۼһ𡣽˵Щһ𣬿϶дҪǱһ·˹
˵
Ҷص˵ͷüͷĿɽҲ˵
ɽҶضţĵЩţæҶ֣ЩؾǳϤ֪õĵرʲôǾۼһ𣬿϶Ҫȡĺôռײռ˵ǲǣ
Ҷ֪ɽλ۱ʿӣбǲϷֵġɽ壬Ⲣ֡
ǲôһˣʿͷȥҲΪʲôһЩʿҲԿ
Ҷʵ
Ҷ֪мŴ֪ͨά硣˵ʿټǺܿ
ɽ
Ŷάܿ˸ϹѾ֪ͨ˶ˣ
ҶؽüͷɿֻҪȥҲںǿ
ѾһʱˣƺܸܿҶ磬ȻˣǾӣһжɡ
˫֮УڴǼʿУҶصʵǿҶڣСӲٵʵȫԴ
Ҷؿһ£Ӧ
Ҫ뿪ؾͨͨɺɭֵȵأȫǺͺɽصһ뿪һ뿪ף׳£̫ȫ
ȻάܿټһȺʿôҲжߵΣա
ԶԶȺʿȥҪʲôάûд֮ǰ


431 عŵ
ʥŮһӡѾõųǡ
ʥŮŵ
ϹʱڣʿʥʿĽᾧбأܡ
̺ŵʥ
ϹԪӤʿƷˣһλϹʥŮͬ졣
ƷˣǽţλʿΪĽһλʥŮʥŮͨؾͨŵΪ岿ؾһԪ
Ҷؾȡ
˿˳룬ŵ֮С
ʿҪȥȴΪѡ

ƴʦĴ֮£Ĵʮʿںһ·նɱ;ĵͽޣʱ֮ؾһƬǰͣ¡
ƬԼʮķΧˮϢĺǡвٺޣǱں
ʥˣҲѾû˴οʥؽдջ񡣡
ƴʦֳַȣ˷ָܵŴ
ꡢеȴȥûпɽɻȴ֪ʥѵںף
ʥܣһֱײʦУɴʦڿഫʥĿ֮ҲֻײĴʦ֪ˣǸ֪ġ
ʦǼһ·ˣôҲʥ֪ҪҪҴȥɱǣȻٿʥ
ĻͷԶһۣĿһâ
һʼֻһֱӵĸо̫ȷǷڸǡ
һ·ȴЩԾֵӰں֣ЩӲϬ۾ҿ϶ضں档
أ
ʦһۣżĪЦ֪˸ں棬һǲءǣǸţǽʥȽʥҽ֪ʥ֮ء
꣬е˶¶֮ɫʥô
ƴʦ˵꣬ǵĲ죬ʥŮʥŮҿʼħϣҲʥ
ƴʦʼͳ
ǣʦ
˵ͷɫǺݽ촽ݷڿУĴ
⻹ʮʦŽ
ͳ翵жؼơ
ʮĺӰ£ʼ粨ЩԽԽ磬ߣɡãʮɸߵľκˣӿ纣з籩һ㡣
𶯣׵ڶ޲֪ʲô£ӴܣӺԾΧĺȥ
֮һƬУҶءɽصʿ֮ɫ
ˡ
ĺȺʯǵʱ򣬱ʦù
ҶذȽһ
ʩǳ죬ķΪ֮ʩĹ
Ҫһһһͽ׵ķʦɱʮأʦ¶ûʩų£ʦߡ
ͦӰ췶ΧҲܹ㡣ʩɵĻȴǿ౶
Ҷţ˾ޱ䡣
¡¡

ں֮УһޱȻԻ͵ĹŵȺӺȽȽΣȵںС
ŵнʮ֮ߣȫǼΪӲɣҵޣӴɽ꣬
˾ǣһϹ߽ĹЩڻޣйͣһϹʿķڳǡ׸ǵسǣܿģĹŵŵĽܴ
֪ôȴ岿ʥ
ƴʦ߾ٷȣмһЩŹֿڵķ
꣡
ŵİ߲ͭţʮɿʮɺɣֵķšͭţ˸ҫĿͭâ򿪡
һϰɱɭȻϢӹŵϢ
̺䣬ʥߣٽʥ
ƴʦȣʥȥڲʿҵæԦԵĺޡޣʿʦʥȥ
ҪҪŽȥǹŵ϶رҪȻЩС
ɽһЩ嶼ŵ֮УɽµʥŸرգչرɲ֪ôʥ
üǰѹŵŸرˣǳ绹ҪǻлõһȥҲάôûе
Ҷɫƽ
ˣ쿴
ָԶʣϲ
̫ѾԶǧ֮ԶҲ׼ȷλõĽʿȷĿĵء
һȺâӲͬķ򣬳Ｒٳ
ಡಣ
һȺʿȺںıԵάһȺ˽ʿ֧Сӣʮʿ
ϴһЩѪӦɱޣѶ֮󣬴ҴҸ
Щʿ桢Χά總άΪģհ
ǵĵһʵ
Ҷء֧СӵĽʿʱҲΣӺ˳ߺǻϣк
Ƿźţ˵Ĵۼһдж
ά˷ɽҶһ֮û̫ϣʵ
ţǺеĹŵӦþĴĿꡣһ֪
ҶָƬŵȺ
άע⵽˺Ͼ޵а𾪡
˵ͷЦؾ֮УȻһӴŵ벻ܵõıˣÿ˿Զһ
άһ۱㿴ŵļֵ
ŵӴ󣬳Ϲʿ˭ҲȻϹʿһŵûڹŵмֵı
ά˵꣬ͻȻʿȥ
ֻԶâʮʿ
Щȴħ˵Ľʿ
˵һȺʿ¼жؾڵħ˵ʿҲˡյ֮໥ϢϽ
ֻǣħ˵Ϻ֪Ļûг֡һȺħ˽ʿȺףҺά֮λ
˽ʿߣԷֳɣǺйŵ
ڽʿǲǣЩʿĹŵ֮󣬺ܿʧǹŵͭţδϣһֱš
Щڸʲôãʲôıɣ
άơ
ŵĴųţЩ߷ǳ׵ֱӳȥҲ̫ˣǲʲô壿
ά֣Ҳȥŵɡ
ʲôĵرҲó֡Ϻ֪ʲôסڻûиһϺҲһȺħ˵ʿͲðˡ
ϱһЩ˵ĽʿһȺʿʵѾʤһͲı

άһ¾ѹٵʱˡϺˣϺİԵӣóõı
ƾЩʿֶΣҲˣʲôҪ̫ࡣ
ߣһͬŵ
ά粻ٳɣ׳ɽ˵ĽʿйŵȥϺ֮ǰչιŵڵر
Ⱥħ˽ʿԥһ£ܿŵȥϺûҲܸɵţٽȥ˵
ŵЩŹ֣͸ŨޱȵɱάһȺʮʿǰ棬ǲµġܲڴһȫɣ
ҶԳ˼䡣
ʮʿˣصĴɽصˣĹŵ


432 Ժظţ
ƴʦۿҪִʥˣ¶ϲȵվһͷ޵ͷնˣĹŵȺǰ
ƴʦӾͷһԾ£ɴķɱŵͭš
Ĵڸ߽ʿȴеһɱ˵ɱӹŵӿҪǸеϢʵļ߽ʿȷվȣʿİǿ֧ס
ʥھʲôôɷ֮Ũң
꺧Ȼʧɫ
Ž׽𵤼ֲ̿Ŀڱȵŵеη壬ǰ
ʥԭֻײʦģ嶼ڡؾһȺҲʦǽŵһɱ֮Сڵʲôǽȥһ֪ˡ
ƴʦٶ˵ʲôһͷŵڡ
ꡢλ죬һۣΣֻܴŸԵĲʿӲͷƤŽŵ֮ڡ
ŵڼΪͷһȭͷС飬⡢⡢ȸɫ⻪ŵӳյĻԻ͡
ŵ۵ģȻߴʮɵʯ
ֱһһŮһɷǣò棬ƾ޴󣬳׵ϹˡһȴƮƮŮӡ
Ʒˣ
ʥŮ
ƴʦǵĽڣ·ȣ̬ޱȵİݵڵϣʯߵݡʥŮ࣬ʮλʦæŰݵڵء
Ůӵײһλ棬ֻײ˲ߵݡĹǹ塢Ӻ塢ﲿλʿֻǹʾ⣬δߵ֮
λƷˣǽؾǴţǸʿ𣿡ײ͸֮ϵа
棬۹⣬ƴʦʥŮˡ
ߣʲô˼ûаȫ֮أˣ壬ʱܹǲֻ֮֡ؾԱҶԪ⵽ҪʥŮ£˻Ʒλ˵ϹҶĴֻӼѡ
ʥʥŮ͹ɻƷˣͬɡƷ˲ʥŮͨؾͨؾΪҲؾܵʥΪҪĻأΪҶ屣±Ԫʥֻײʦ˳롣ˡҪȴΪѣء
ƴʦдȻ֪ʲôߵϣֳַվ˵
ʦؽţҴûлɹײԶҳϡΪʮ֮һײ϶ԶΪء
λǹ峤һЦԵЩ⡣
ʮ岿֮䣬ìܣϵãּȴ˾ռߡ
ƴʦݺݵһۣҪп֮
ˣʦһǸЩѾۼ˺ߣܿͻƽʥʥ֮ӭУ
г
عǣǽʥǣ󷨣Զסʥˡֻǰȥʥ˴󸱵ЩطƷҪȡߡ
ƴʦȻɿ쳯ȥ˵
һȺʿǰʥ
һڣʿȻһ
ֻһ˶ޱȵԺǣبڵڣһɣǶɭȻɫͷɫںǱγһɫϣԹڵĶԶɢ
⡫ǡһԵĺǣ˾޴Ӧʮϰɣ
꾪ƴʦ
⸱ԺȻѾȴ˺ˡ֪Ǻεȵǿᡣ
ʮԵĺǡҪ֮ûκνҩŽ׽޶ɱһ붾֮ɡ
ƴʦ˵ͷϹ˻Ʒؾɱһʮ׶ʿ൱ԪӤڼ塣Ƕʿ֮¶ԭκǣ⸱ǾͱƷ˷ѾԶ⺡ȴǿҵĶ
ꡢеʿһ
ʮ׵嶾ʿǿ嵱ҲڶĴڣȻ˸ɱˡƷ˵ʵίʵ
ǿ󣡡
бȵĹâвɰֻгΪʥʿܸԪӤ˺忹⡣߽ʿԪӤ˺Ķ֡ΣҪΪʥʿõܹԪӤ˿ǿʵ
ԼʲôԾĵط
ʲô
ͻȻͫһָһƷ
ʿĿɾ޴Ժ𶯣һʱû⵽ڵһƷһʮɵĹġ
ȴһע⵽ˡ
һػɫĹսģսΧһоŸ޴ţͷػɫţƤѾˣ롣
һע⵽սģŷ֣Ũҵɱ񱩡ѪƣȫǹǸԺǣֳӯŵ
ԭΪɱǸʮ׵Եĺǣȴܿ췢ֲǣսġ
ꡢеˣŷԾʥڸûжԺǵϢȫսĵϢǹɱ𺳣Ѫӿ
ⲻǡսĴ˵еظţİɣ
ô
ڲʿսģʧɫһַĿ־壬Ƿ׷׾ˡȻһ𾪾ƴʦ
˵ĴͨӦóĶ
ƴʦ֪սĵĴڣֻɫЩ԰ףȴûо֮ɫ
˵ĴͨظţġϹսʱڣΪ壬רϹŴͨսĸսɱʿȾѪ⸱սıʿΪʹޣȴƫƫ޿κΡɱһͷʮ׶Եĺڵġ
ǣظţ˵ĹһֱСҪôؾʥڣ
о
Ѫɫ֮սսѣ˺֮ս½һʱ˿ٻսġȻսʧȻ˵Ҳ֪ǱײĴߵġ
ƴʦ͵ײظţսŪ֣ԵΪ⡣
ײ˾治ȫɴ⺣׼ؾܵʥڡ˻壬Ѫɫ֮սûܰҳ
ƴʦ¶޵ĿȣͨѾ˵УΪҶͷʥһǿô˹в塣
Ѿˣôв壿
ظţ֮ΪȻǵӣɣʣǷˣ졣
ߣ⻹򵥡ʿظţļΪη壬ֻҪ˵ظţǵУǾͰѹĽˣظţĶԸǡ
˵廹Ҷ𣿵˴ģΪȫؾʥڣΪгһսģҪЮ壬Ҷ塣
ƴʦߵ
ǣΪʲôԼ޺ãǿظţսģҶʵض岻ȻҪࡣ
˼һ£ʵ
ظţ޲õġ
ƴʦҡͷ
ô޲ã
ʿ֡
ûظţƤôȥ޲ƵظţģظţϹʮޣѾԽԪӤ塣
ݹ˵ļأظţޡϹʱڣһͷظţܳѪɫֹ֮ӵдͨĹΧɱˣƳͨظţģΪԸ
ظţģҪԪӤһ֣졣һ˸òˡ
ظţڶδֹҵڶͷ˵ǲʿʦò˲ʹõķ޺Ҳһûãֻܰװױˡ
ƴʦЩƵ


433 ײ֮
ظţǴϹޣ
ʮϹޡģ˵ֲʿҲʮ׶ѣѾʿеĴ졣ʮ׵ޣδŰ
УظţǼȻ磬ôǴû˵
ڲ߽ʿƴʦսĵ˵׷׵𾪺ãȻ֮ɫ
磬˵һǳİĵ
Ⱥ߽ʿУкüǲ졣֪˾סĶ֪ܱߵһЩסص죬Ҳ֪һֱһƬѪɫ֮
ŹѪɫ֮һȺʿۼĴӪѪǡ˳ǵĹģ֮Ӵ󣬱˵ڳǣ˿
磬ȴδš
ʦǴ֪һڣ
ʡ
Ĵ˵ǳ˵ļءײ˵Ĵǣ֪ЩһЩϵ¼˵ʵû˭֪ڣҲ֪
ˣʥܱظţĺ⸱źϧƷǲʿûʲôãض࿴
λȥʥİ˴󸱵ײؾػءкܶҲõϵĶ
˵ЩࡢСꡢڲʿ뿪ŵȥ
˴󸱵ػأײﶼʲô
һƺ棬ɫʵ
˴󸱵ֱ޵дʿʹõıҩЩײ˼ѪʹۣŻġ
ƴʦȻҪȥۿȻҲδ
ЩΪʲô˵ķԦ޵ƣ
üͷ
ȻҶѧ˺塣Ҷˡ忹⣬ѧǵԦ޵ȵڶ෨š
˵ķǲѧˡҲ󲿷ѧԸΪ
ҲԦ֮󲿷ѧˡֻ˵ķʹõıȻͬ˵ķҪԣܹ÷ʹҲƿرҪΪܹͣ۶ϡ
Ҫ鵤ҪĵҩҲȫͬѪ鵤ײƳġ
ʹõУǵޣĵҩһײƳģ
˺ĶܶĵطҪԼͨײ֮ؾڽʥΪЩ
ƴʦɫأײÿ궼ǲһʦؾʥǱоЩ뿪һΣҺʮʦȡ߰˴󸱵Ʒ֮뿪ʥҲһ뿪
ڲʿһ𣬲ɶɫʦȻһɾ⡣
֮أƺʮλʦʣµƱҩؾŻ¿ҲζǶݵһҲ޷뿪ؾֻⶫ׼֮
𶯡
Ƕ֪ʹõıҩ󲿷ֶײоģȻڸ塣ǽ֪ײƻأԭ־֮ء
Ĭ˺һײ͹ͣǶŴ嶼μġ˭ͳ˶壬Ϊǵײڶ֮УҲԶֶĵλ
ƴʦƳһۣĿһâ֪һͳҰģû˵ʲô
ƴڲʿܿŵ˴󸱵֮һ
ָŵڵڷŵĹ̨̨һų̲һľı
ıһײǰ˴󸱵ƳģǶǴ߰ɣЩȫԺʿķ
⣬Ǵؾɱ޲ժʥƵҩ֮˽ؾȡߵҩ
ʿ׷װѴؾеõʥ˳ơ
ײʦ֮⣬ÿ嶼¼߽ʿЭʦƵҩǶǲҳϵʿӴʦİš
һ£˵
ţҲá
ĵ˵ͷ

쬡쬡
ʮâɹĺ棬ڹŵͭǰΪ׵һˣȻάλ˽ʿ
άŵǰԸܵŵƣɰľ
ŵɱŨңֻйŹ֡λѣС¡
һȺ˵Ľʿܿŵǰ
ŵͻȻ⻪ţһɫ⻪һˮԵĹĻסͭţʿڵ⡣
ˮϵˮĻܵһ𵤺ʿĹҪһȺʮʿ棬ȴ롣λѣһ
άûǹĻһȻ׳һ׷ɽĻ
ơ
ʮɽһ𳯹Ļȥ¡¡ɫĻﵲס˷ĹѸȥ󡰻ѡ
άǿнĻƣ޴ڷųһͷͽ׵ССһţ˹ŵǰûΣ֮ά˽ʿѸٳŵ֮С
߰ɣǽȥ
ҶؼڽʿѾȥˣ˵ŵɽص˽
ڵħ˵һȺʿԥ໥һۣ׷׽ŵô˵˲٣˵ʿڵıҲԿ

ʦȺѾ󷨣ˣǵ˱Ǹ࣬ô죿һ߽ʿʿŵɫæƴʦ
ڸɱԲɫһߵʲôֻһССķ󷨣ֹؾ޴ŵڡĴڴڣǵƷ˲µĽƴǬ󡯣ǸҪֲ
ƴʦɫȳ˼䣬תͷʥŮ࣬ùһЩʥŮȥһ£˶ڴڡ
ʦҲܲ˵󷨣
֡
ʥڵ󷨱Ʒ˺ʥŮָĶʦҲͨݡʥڵ󷨣רΪʦƵġ
Ƶ
ðɣ
ԥһ£Ȼȥ
ʥŮһ𣿡
Щǡ
û⣬Ǭ󡯵ǽƵģԪӤҲ档ʥǰҲв˴ǶƴڣδӳȥġʥŮһ˲ݴ㹻ˣ̫ɱˣҲǸմһմѪˡ
ƴʦʥǳģޱλȥһҩﻹһЩǰʦƳĵҩ˵Щ߽׵ҩȡ˸ƷЩѾʥ֮ˡ


434 ظţĵ
ڽʿŵǰϱ㿴һһŮ޴Ĺʯ񣬵»Ů˵䡣
ƷˣŵȻģ
Ҷؿ䣬΢΢ȡ
ǵڽؾǰһŴǸԪӤʿǣӦλƷˡؾλϹԪӤʿϵȻǳС
ΰĹŵ˴ֱʣλϹʿƷˣ˭ͨʿڵĶ⺣׼ʯ
òŮ˭
һŮӣۣڡӦǶʮ֮һײϣλϹǰȻǷΰȻֺ׾֮أһ޴ĹŵŮӵĵ񡣡
ڽʿž޴ʯ۷׷ףɫޱȡ
֮м֮Ľ֮
λ£ǺٻŮӷеĹϵЩūŮ̶ѡƷŮӵʿʵϡ档
ǵвΪмǺķӦ
ŮӵȷʵòףʷǷһ֮𺳣ŮʿҲȡ
ƷˣҲǶһλˣȻһŮӾ壬ߡѹڴ˵أԵԵ
άЦһжԻƷ˲޾⡣Ĵһǰ˿տıڵڶ޵ĸͼ֮⣬ûзر֮
߰ɣȥһƣ
άֿâĶ׷ɽң
⵹գΣա
ȻղһȺʿŵڶû£ӦҲʲô鷳ŵлء󷨵ĻҲӦȱЩʿ
ңά˿ҪϺΪʿ֮׵ԳǰȺʿ
Ҫǲǰ棬ЩߵĽʿûм
ڽʿά
Ҷز죬ĬĬĻʿȺм䣬עİŵΧĶ
ŵԼ棬߷ǱģҲûŵڵõʲôöԼİΣΪҪҪһȺʿаȵıԼǳΪвۣעĿһⱻá
ҶһۿںبŵһԺǡ
⸱һԺǣͷɭȻΧһŨŨɫڣһּǿҵѹȸС
ǣҶصĿ⸱ԺͣһɲǣһɲǣĿıԺǺһսס
սģҪԺСܶࡣ
Ժǣȴ޷սȡ
Ÿ޴ĹţͷսΧһǿҵɱȫѹסԺǵϢŵţƺʲô⻪ӿ
Ī鱦Ĺ⻪
Ҷһ֮£о죬֪ţʲôӿ
ʩչĿϸȥţ۵ţУȻһޱɺѪɫ⻪
һֻţѪܵҶĿϢǣƺһ΢ĵѪţм䣡һǹֻ˿ϸСѪֱҶڣԺ֮С

Ҷ˫ĿʹæϣһƬޱ޼ʵķѪ⣬𣬵˫ĿѾɺŭѪڣ޾ɱ⼸ƲסԺӿ
ã߻ħף
Ҷؽҧ촽ȫԺеһ˿ǣȫˣɷ䣬ѹƷڵѪ
Ƭ֮ԷѹǹѪ⣬۵ʱ۽Ѫ˿
ֻǿţصѪ⣬߻ħսġ̫ǿˣʿҿԪӤʿֻҲδܼԦݵŵڣôǿĴͨ
ҶزǾŸţõţۣ𾪵˼㡣
ʿȥֻʿע⵽ţۣھ֮ʩչţ۵Ѫ⣬ʹ˷ڵشѾһƬǱù
ʵýʿͨڵϣŤ·Ѫħ
Ҷذһⲻʵõ⣬ʵսĵϢ̫ǿˡ
ãЩǽΪʿΪͷǿ
ȻһʱսӰǣǻûеʧصĵزʿֱӷɥʧǣΪֻɱ¾ʬ⡣
¶
άһ߻ħı鱦ȻҲţѪ⣬תۼָȻûбӰ쵽ǡ
άһȣʩһƬ˿˿¶ڽʿһ֡
౻ѪӰ쵽ĽʿƬ¶֮ѻָࡣ
ٵڵϵĽʿмά硣
һѪ⶯ҡǣӰպ̣ɽٸӼѣֱӲħ̬ŤΪˣɴд
ٳսȥʱѾȾη֪սĵǿ
ڣֻҪʩչĿ֮ķȥţŵѪɫ׹⣬ǵҲûܵѪӰ졣
ʲôǿ󣿡
սоŸţͷѪɫɱֱ֮ʵǿ¡˵Ϲսʱڣһ𶫺ظţģǻظţģָʿսɱʿ洫˵еظţģսһоŸţͷѵǴͨظţģ
ظţѾӶɽʧѾûгֹˡ
ظţĵĻôؾĹŵ֮У֮á
ڽʿ𺧣˼⡣
Ҷس˿ȥǶҡͷʾ֪
ڽʿȻ֪ײɴսʱͶ˴սҽҪʱ͵͵˵ս͵ߵ顣֪ԭսʧģǿҪƵѪˡ
սģôѵģôģЩҪ
Ҫǣڹ˭
ڳЩڽʿ𺳺Ϳϲ֮⣬ŷ̰
Ƕ˺ħ˸ɹִĽʿܶǸɹĺĵӣ֪ɽĻ֪ĵڣӵͨظţĵɹζʲô
ؾһ𣬰ʮԺǣҲظţһ˵Ĵͨ
ظţϹŴͨ궫ɽӵеķҵˣ˭Ҳ˽ռΪСѾ𣬵ֻȨҪȥ˭ҪǸҺ˵ĹУ
ά糯ڽʿɨһۣȻһЦʲãһڱҪظţĹΪСһ仰ǳв
ʮţΪڽʿ졣ϺּȻڣû˱λߣûʸսġ
У
ά磬뽫һλ𣿡
άϹ˵Ĺɲ˽֮ܵ
ǻϹʱڵѾΪڵ˺ħˣħ˵ľͷͬʸ̳ά磬ôֻУ
ߣά֣˲˵ڵĶλħλͷƽƽ˭Ҳѹ˭ظţģǿҵ壬ζż̳Ϲ˵ɵͳԡ˭ӵͨӵ޿ɵͳλƽ޴ȱͷ֮и߳һصλ
ά磬Ϊֻ׸Ҳ룡
ڣʱʮ˺ħ˵Ľʿվֹڶ࣬ȴҪֹάȡظţġ


435 ŵ
άһȻû뵽ȻôʿȻֹõظţġתʿȥ
ʮֹĽʿ׽ˣǸλħͷйĽʿ
ЩʿһŭĿţһֿŷһְŴάԳԼݣǿȡ⸱ظţģ˵þҪˡ
άĿһ޲˵ŭ飬ȴš
ҲͽһΪʵԶûдﵽڽʿ֮ˮƽֻǿųΪʿʱ졣ȻͷмķһȺʿҲռ̫ıˡ
ڻʮʿۿͻִظţģ׷˽
άҲ̫Լһˡ
ظţĴڳȥ湦һǽս׸ħ˵ͷ˵Եõ޷ĹѫλͷȫԼΪԪӤʿƾʲôҪ޴ĺôװøά磡
Ҫ֪ӽ𵤵ԪӤһ޴ԽżʿĿޣڶðգѰ︨޷ͻż
һӴṩ鵤ɸأϡȱɵԴΪԪӤʿϣܹӣԶԼҪǿ̫ࡣ
ڶʿʤ㲻ʲôԪӤʿȴλʸԿɽһɹΪС
ǵȻϻȻһսҲ̳ᣬȥ׸ͷκһλͷĳлС
ǣǵά磬պֻദ
ޣάʲôбҪɵʵһ㿿̨ʵ΢ǳԪӤʿÿɫ£
Ҫ˵ά磬٣ظţǰʲôħͷеһλѡͷŵڣЩԪӤʿҲΪսĶ֣ϧ۶ȡԼУӶ̳Ϲ˵ͳԣΪĶɽס
λѣǶ֣
ʿ໥ţðԽԽǿҡ
̣һħʿӰͲסâ˲䱩ǣظţֱ˹ȥ
ûеȴά֣ѾΪǿظţġ
죬סǣҪǿظţģ
ɲǼ䣬ںһ´ңһϵģԼʮʿ׷׳֣Եķȫظţȥһ߹ͼȡظţĵĽʿΪԼظţĴҲܶԷ˻ħ˵ʿ˭ɱ˭
ס֣ס֣Ϲ˵Ĺ˭Ҳᣡ˽ظţģɱ
άʿҳһƬʱ󼱡
ǣû˰άĻһ¡
ڽʿҲɵӣظţĵļֵƽʱάľأǿ϶ѡ˿̴ͨظţľǰ˭άС
ͣ
ͣ
мǰĽʿҽбնΪһѪĭ⽴ս֮ң޷ֱ˭µ֡

нʿնڵأײǸʮ׶źɫһƣ̼仯ΪһѰ׹ǡ
Щ˿޷ڽʿķᡣ
Ҷڽʿм䣬֮£æпٴԼϽϵ֡ű顢顱һ죬ķɽնĻϣִҡҡѡ
Ҷزҵֿػ񳾾޽һӣΧڶķɽһţæΧȥ⵽սĲ
һѵĹͲãôս̫ˣΪɲ
Ҷط˱ܵһ࣬¶ɫ
ηʲôˡһȺʮΪ˶ôͨѾȫɥʧǵĽʿò壬ѡߡ
ҶǴɺԶʿ˼뷨̫
ΪʲôһҪƴȥظţģȻȥ׸λͷȡɹľ޶鵤ԭϡ
˵ʵԶɹһ̫⣬ҲԸ׽Ը⿿Լʵȥðգõ
ȻˣҶӵϸֱӵĹϵ
ȫܹԸ㣬ûҪȥظţȥͶκɹȡ鵤ԭϣ
Ծ֪ظţȥɹþ޴ĺôǶǿսãҲȤ
Ҷ磡
ҶػͷһɽλʿȻԱߣĿȵɵʲô
ôǲҲظţİɣ
Ҷؾ
ţҶ磬ʵǿһظţİɡܽظţĴϽȥڻκҪĶ
̵ͷһ˫峺ķгҶصʵԶʤûҶصĻǼ˵ʵԵʮƽӹѷɫûϣظţġ
Ͻ
Ҷһ£ˣι֣ҲͬظţģϽ
Сûҹ﹬ʵظţҲûʲôáϽʵѾԪӤΪʵסظţģ˵лպλսУһԾΪ֮һ

Ҳͬ⣬ܹ۱Ͻ۱﹬һϽΪףһپ٣һϽܳΪ۱Ҳкô
ɽ¶֮ɫһ¿ˮݵƴһƱԺ궼óˡͨظţģ湦Ǽ˽Ҫ鵤õģϽ϶ò鵤ͷʡ´Ѱʱ䣬ʱôô˵һ֮ڣһԪӤھ磬ǿɾͷˡ
Ҷһ㶣аɹĹϵȻܣѹɹĵһжӰ롣
ɽĳظţġȻҲûʲô湦ҲմЩô
ⲻζҶҲ֡
Ҷػͷһۣʮʿڷս赲ʿظţġȫûг
֪֮Լʵǿͬ׽ʿҲδĶ֡ʮλʿ֮ڣһȺʿжʤ㡣
Сظţʸ֮ģ˭˭ꡣҪ֣Լ֡
ҶѾĽʿһۣȻɽ˵ĿȰʧ֮ɫһţٳ֮⣬뿪ؾ
飡
Ҷصμ죬ʲôס
һ㵵ķ֣ǰһ͸ԵıĻ
ҶʩչĿȥһ֪ʲôʱ񷶥öࡢ졢飬һƬÿһö鶼һߣ֯Ĺס
ڽʿæظţģûз֡
ãŵƵأЩ飬ÿһöһͽ׷ȫʩͷų󵽲˼顣
Ҷؿ˶飬ɵһղֻע⵽ظţģûĵ񷶥Щ顣
аҲ룬бһڽɫС
ȥ
ҫ⽣ӭ籩ǣ̻ΪһϬһʮɾ޽ȻһնǰĻϡԽҫ⽣ǿȻֻ˺ѿһ糤СӣȻĻ˲Ϣ£ָֻҶظ˺ѵĿӡ
˺Сӵһ˲䣬ҶԼԼĻ洫
Ļ棬һŮһֵ˵ŵڽʿ
͸¶Ըȴò
񷶥ЩԽԽҫۣԽԽܼĹâգǱٱǧޱҫ۵Ĺâйɫ֮С
еĽʿһ⣬ʧƬʮɫ֮УϹʿƷ˲µǬ֮С


436 ֮
񷶥鱬쳣۵ɫâڽʿۡ
ֹâֻһɲǵĹ򣬵ȹâʧҶػָӾ֮󣬳ΧһԼһƬޱ޼ʵȴɳĮ֮С
һ޼ʵɳ𣬵ĻƷɳϷХϻȵ̫ɹ£ɳ쳣
ʲôط
Ҷش󾪡
ԣһ󷨣
Ҷֻһ£Ȼѹ
ոջڹŵڣһת۵ɲȴͻȻһƬޱ޼ʵɳĮ֮СԼ϶˻֮УһжܻĻ
ԼĴҶز¶һ˿Ц
ޱȣûʮǱרУѧƤëʷͨ󷨡ʿɽ缫Ϊʿֻר
ƽʱʱ䶼ӲãﻹжĹȥѧ󷨣ȻҲ֪Ӧ
Ҷڲ֪Լĸ򣬲뿪
ԥ֮䣬ҶرȻһëȻΣոоֱ
Ҷش󾪣Ȼһ·ɽߣ༲ӲƳʮ֮⡣ͬʱһӣҫ⽣⻪ǣȻնȥ͡Ƥë˺ƺնʲô
żתȥ

һɫȷ磬ղĵطһ˹ͨɳϡȻһͷ˶󣬽ȫëǡ
ŨܽëޱȵצзŶſѪڣҶ˻ŭš
ǵĲһ߳˺ۣɼǡΨһ֮ǣǵ˿Կüٶϡ
ëɳǡ˽׽𵤼ޡÿ˿ٶȣղһ˺ʮޡķҲһѡ
ҶĶͷëɳǣĿͬһ㡣
һſڣĵ⻪ҫ⽣񳾽𽣡˿ıԪɽâţһͬ
Ҷйâһˮ飬ϼ飬鱦ҲֱС
ʿޣûʲôýģֻɱ
໣
ëɳһУٶȷҶ˹ǣûܿҶʮ֮ڣ㱻ıǿԪɽס
ëɳǿҳͻͼɱ
ĵҫ۵Ĺ⻪ɣɱпռ䣬ȫɱ֮£ͷëɳǽ𵤼ޣҲں֮Ĺ򣬱㰧һĵٹâնΪһࡣ
ţЩ໯ΪʧɳĮ֮Уûκκۼ
Ҷ۳Щ仯аȻǽɳ۳ɵޣǻ֪ڣжĻûĽޡĻӦû̫Σա鷳ǣô뿪
Ҷв²⣬֪ʱΧʮɳĮССâ
ǵĹâΧʮɳĮ֮Уһ𣬲ϻû۳ɸޡ
һͷͷޣƾջûɳĮ֮УϷɵģܵģɳģЩ޻û֮󣬷ҶڰеΣųҶس˹
񣬽ëɳǣβЫȫǹԾ˵Ľϵޣһɫ߽ס˽׽𵤼ϵޡȻȽײ̫ߣҲܲסڶడ
ҶطĿȥһ
ͣԭء
һûȺİΧ֮УԼֻ·һ
̤ϣɣΪһɫâ
Ҷرܿɳ޵ľҲн𵤼ޣ١
ҶɫɭûκαӿıԪɽƣͬΧгΧĽݣͨͨնɱ
ҫ⽣һϬ貽ֱ͸â֮񲻿ɵ
˿𵴳޻㱳ԡ
𽣣ѻ裬𺣣ҶɷԲӳյɳĮһƬѪɫϼ졣ɷԲ֮ڣκ޶Ҫޱȸµķա
񳾽ɽεĺᵲҶغͽ֮䡣Ȼǽ𵤸߽ޣΡȻһĹȥҲܽɨķԶ
Ҷط֮ڽѪɽë裬ɳȾһƬѪɫ»Ϊ
ǣ󷨴ɳĮеɱʤɱ
ҶһһɱʮͷеĽݣȴиɳĮ֮лû
Уʵ̫ܼˡȥҪľҪˣ
Ҷؽ
Һ͵޾ɱ˰еʮͷ񣬽ӥݣҰΧڵݱһɨ֮󣬱Ԧϣȫһ򼲷ɶȥ
󷨣֪Ǳ߼ʣôߣ
ҶȴԽĽ
ϸڻдƣ䷨ܹǿ֧һνϳʱ䡣ǣֻҪû뿪󣬳ùʱ
ף
Ҷڷ֮УʶȫΧ̽ͻȻʲô
ֻһ΢Ľ⣬򼲷ɶգ۱㵽ǰ
Ҷһѽǵץһһǧﴫ򿪣Ȼ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ɵڰжȻת򣬳˹ȥ

ԶһŮӵӰһŮӰͷݡ޵ķΧ׷½֮С
׷ɽһСͽˣһɫϼĲʴȫǼͷ޵ľ
ŮΧ֮оʧɫ쳣Ǳ
ͷʮɴСĽ𵤴вɱ޷ͷǣڵԿн
ǶŮʿǱˣ
㣬Ѿͷ׷ǣô죿
ļ
ģѾϽĽҶ緢źţ󷨵ҲܴͣӦúܿǻϡҵĴܽЩ޵סʱãڻܳŵס𣿡
˵꣬촽
û⡣ҶӦϷԼ֮ڡӦǽλãԼİ֮ڡ㣬ǺҶ֮ȥҽش硣
˵
ţҶʵǿڣһĻֻϣ֧סźá
ɿ˵
ϣ˰ɣ
ЩǡѾ˼ѣɽصĴжôΣա
Ƕһ˵ţȫ޵ľϷƶ
ʱȴһϢ߷
쬡쬡
ı޴Ԫɽž޴ƣްΧȦɱȥ
ҫ⽣һһͷһ߳ȫնϡͷ𵤴ʱʧȥƽ⣬ص˦ڵϡ
ʮɵĻ񳾽һɨһͷҷɰɿ⡣£ڽ𵤴ؿڣΪҽ
˿ΧһͷѾԺĴһתԴɡ
֮䣬ϵͷ𵤴񣬱ıԪɽһɱҲûݵɱ
״ϲ׳ɽһ𣬴ӵ޵İΧ֮˳
Ҷ磬ˣлҶҺÿӲһıԪɽ֣֪Ҷسˣ鼤һƬ˷ܵĵ졣
ͬϲ⣬ҶصٶȱлҪ졣
ɱ⼸ͷ˵
Ҷ˵ڰУȫٿıԪʣµͷޡ
ţ
æͷ
Ҷڣʿ֣ʵѸٽǼͷնɱһա
ɱĽޣҶأϥƴָ
⸽ʮĽ޶ˣɱ֮Ƭ̹֮ڲ̳֡ҲҴҶء
ܹιôɽأʲôط
ҶЩơ
ڵ˺ħ˽ʿʮ֮࣬ƫƫȺˣҾ
룬ڽʿ˵ҲһСĹ㵽


437 µɱ
Ҷı޴ԪɽΪĽ
κһݾԶϡԭƶɣĲѾǼƷϳˡҼԪԼߣܹԪԶһ㷨ȡ
ʿ澫ԪʿڳµɵԪԽ࣬ǧҲԽԽǿûֹ
СͨͨʵԭϹʿԪֻǱʹõǧأԪ󣬲󵽲˼顣
ǣԴҲֻĽѣ֪ڵ޲ԶԶ޷ҶһȥƳһԪɽΪ𵤺ʿԪӤʿлһԪɽ
Ҷô
ջ˵֮֮ͨڣ֪ٶȺһϡ
ƲҶĴ·λһ߸Ϲֻû뵽һ·ڶĽ޾ɱ˺üͷɱʤɱûüҶϣ㱻ֻϽƵǧﴫҶȡƵĴܹϽ֮䴫ݣҲ󷨽Ƶơ
Ŷѹôҵҡ
Ҷŵ˵ͷеɻ΢⿪
ԭϲõ飬˿ȴЩȻͲңҪҶһŵҶҲ󷨵СҲ֪ôҪ⣬Ҳ֪𲮸
ˣⲻԹ㣬Լöġǻ취ôȥɣվҪˣι﾿ʲô󷨣󣿡
Ҷҡҡͷƽ˵
Ҷ֪󷨣ֱ
սȻһ㣬ԶսǿѧĲӣ֮࣬ͨһЩ
ȻЩҶѯʣһһ˼·˵
Ҷ磬ǬϹŴ򵥵һ֡󷨼ûһƬء
ƬأһΪľˮԶΪãۻûΪޡ޾㱻ɱˣҲֻΪΪޣѭ˵޾֮ߡ
ǬСһΧĻŨ̶йأû޵´ʿйأĿռ䷶Χ
ȿŨ̶Ⱥ󷨣ڶϲãΪ㣬̫ǿࡣؾڵΪ棬ȡ֮֮ߣ󷨿Դû޵ȻҪҪǿʮ
ٿĿռ䷶ΧǽʿµǬڵĿռ䷶Χǧﵽһҡûޣޡ
ԪӤʿ´󣬴ڵĿռԴﵽһﵽʮﷶΧڻûޣҲǽ𵤼ޡ
ƷΪϹ˵ԪӤ۷ΪǬڵĿռ䣬ʮ֮ңԶԳƵǼҲ˵ĳҪֱϣ뿪󡣶ڵ޵Ƚף߿ԴﵽֲľŽ׽𵤸߼ޡࡣ
һ˵ԼУļأҶغˣ̾ƾǼʿʵ¸Ʒ˲µǬŴ󡣡
ʲôҪܳȥ
ɫȻ䣬۵һƬҰףμվȣҡҡ׹ִ岿Ϊ˸һ¥ɾ⺣
Ҷͬһ𾪵Ŀɿڴ
ѹǸоƬƷɳĮޱ޼ʣƺɲͷɸҲ򵥡鲼ޣҪϡµǽ޵Ĵ֮Уɱ̸ףݵķٶȣɱȽʿ졣
Ĺƣͨ𵤳ʿ˵һߵļޡ
ǿʿܳսһʿ¶ǧҪڽ޵Χ֮С
ԼȻıԪһӡ˾ųСͨ׹žһŽܡָƣҲǿгСĿԣܹ֮ȥңǰǲŽݣֻҪͷŽݵΧ׶༪١
Ҷ磬ڸô죿
ɫţҶءľ֮أѾܽ˵ġ
룡
ҶǿԼ֮ƽһ£ʵڣױ޾ŷ·ߡʲôϷ֪Լ֮ľ룿
˵
ܼ򵥣Ǭڵ޵Ƚ׵ķֲйɵġԽΧߣԽŨûڶ࣬ȽҲԽߡԽΧߣԽϡû޵ϡ٣ȽҲϵ͡
Ǭڣûûκλû޳֡ȫġۣȻԱܿޣȴҲ޷뿪ҲڱǬڡ
ԣֻҪԽǿô˵ԼľԽԽô˵ԼԽĵλá
ֻ·һΧɱȥڶ޵ķ֮гȥǿгƴ·
һΧߣۣޣʱȫԼֻҪЯıٹȵûкľ㲻Σա
Ҷزɳ˼
ȺİΧ֮ɱȻ֪Ҫƴжôѡ
ȻˣҶҲ֪ʵκ󷨶ƣڵʿǿ󷨶סʱ򣬽ƴǿ֮±߽⡣
ԪӤʿķɽһܽǬ߽Ҫȥƽ󷨡
Լһ𵤳ʿƻƷ˲µĴ̸ף
Ҷ뵽гΡ
ȥۣ۵ϡٵȽ׵ͣ׻ȻᱻڣһʱˡȿܲҵɽˣʿۣǵʵҲܸǿһЩȻһ취ϣʿ뵽õ֮
Ҳã
ȥҽɽء
໥һۣͬ⡣
һɫâԼɽâɳĮĳ򼲷ɶȥһ·նɱеݡΪ۵ķ޵ϡ٣ҵȽҲͣǷܹ׶ԸԽԽɡ
Ҷصޱơ
Ǭڣ˵⻹ֻС¡һٹȵ£ϸƳܶǶˡ
ǣؾֻյʱ䣬ٴιرա
Ҳ˵Ҫ޷ô㳹ױⶫ׼չȥ֮󣬾֮ܽڣҲ޷뿪յؾһжˡ
Ҷһġ
ʵû취Ļֻоۼڽʿ֮ǿ֮壡ܻ㼸ɣ岿䣬ʿʧأ޿ɱ⡣


438 
ǬڵĵռȻ󣬵һλͨ󷨵ҶȴࡣõĻڴʧ
ҶؼԦϷڴɳĮ֮мɣЭ֮£ֻϷҵڴڱͷ׷ɱĽɽ
ãɽʵڽ𵤳ʿҲǺǿˣֻѷǼԪԪɻΪһʮɽӲӵĴɽޱȣܹܷȻȥҲҳͨĽԿ
οɽĴڻڶķ䷨ҲһЩȻڼͷݵΧЩǱȴǿ֧סһֱҶءܡε˳֣Ҳû¶
ҶֻԶԶһۣ֪ɽûΣա
ȥ
Ҷ˲Ϣڰͣ£󷽵ܡζ˵
Ҷز֣Ƕ֡Ƕ̴ɱȥͽɽ֣һС򣬱նɱͷݡ
ɽӳ·ּҶءλͬˣȻǾϲޱȡ
СʿϣУȥѰʣµء
ãڵĽôô࣡УһֱûӰôһ¾ҵҵģ
ɽЩ֡
ڹŵ֮УǼ˱ǾȻҲĺֻܽҪ֪ƲλҲѡ
Ц
Ҫϸģһʼס˴ڴķλӶÿڴڵľ룬ôҵ㡣
û˵
һȥѰصʱ򣬼򵥶ˡ
֮󣬲֪ԭأûҴ
ڵĵطޱϡ٣ʮڵĽ޶ɱʩϢɳĮ֮ǱУ̽Χ
ȵĽؼûʲôΣաҶطصʱΪĸ߶ա
ҶСʿһ໥ϣʵֻҪʮͷϵ߽׽ȺǸη塣ŽޣҲһ֮
Ҷ磬ȥǼΧߣʿϡǸĵΧ򣬳ȥ
Ѿָ˲ٵġ
ҶسΧʮ﷽Բһһ£˵ǵʵ̫һ㡭⸽Ѿϡ٣ֻͷ￿ѾܽˡߣȥۣܲҵʿҪȥԽԽá
Ҷ⡣
⣬һǬ۷ȥ
Ǭڵ򣬷ֱǽľˮ
ǬۣһƬԼ﷽ԲĿտĺĵشΪϡûκ޴ڡ
Ȼʿͨ󷨣Ǳܵϡٵķܽ޵Ϯ
Ҷһ˽۵ʱѾ˺ħ˵߰ʿϢңٶǴȺɱġ
аάڡ
ЩʿҪôǼΪˣۺܽҪôʵǿᣬɱڶޣŽۡ
Ҷ˸ոյִѾʮʿ֮ࡣ
ѣܼ㣬Ұ
ѽѣҲڰһΪҲˡ
ǺǣƶģǽҼһ
ŵͻȻ󣬿϶ЩʿĹ
ûзҲ֪ô󷨵ġ
һ취ô뿪ɣ
ڽʿۼһӿЦ겻ѡ
֮ǰǻΪظţĶһ޲ɱ˶Էȴһڣò취Ե÷Ρ
ά֣ʵǿ˵ô죿
ȵȵȣû˶ź󡣡
άȻŭڽʿظţģҲòƽͣѰ˼ĶԲߡ
һȺʿԭص˴ԼС졣
ʱ䣬½½һЩʿۡճ۵ģֻжʮʿŵĽʿ˴Լһ롣
Ҷɨ˹ȥ˶һЩħ˵ʿҪټ
нǣһԲÿһʿżû˻ıڡżģά硣Լȥ࿼ǣά϶ȥ뾡һа취
Ѿ˴죬ˣڻûʿҪôѾڴҪôʧ˷ڵ֮뿪󡣷չȥؾһرգȫ
άԵЩǡ
ǣά֣ôǬΧдߴŽ׵Ľޣʵǿޱȡ
ڽʿæ˵Ѿ֪ǬһЩĲ㡣
õģжԲߡ
άһĴɳһɫķɽ
һֵĻԣԼ糤ʮ㣬ڳɫɽĽϡɲǻӰǷӡڷɽеԻǡԻСȴڳڽʿеһֲֿѹһԪӤ޲ŻɢĿѹ
Խ
Сͨ
ʿĿⶼˢˢǱɽʱвٽʿȻʧƺ֪˽
ǳԽҰ׸ڣնɱһʮԪӤԣԪϳʯΪԭϣƶɵСͨԵĻǣҲӡڽڡ˽ԪӤ޿ɱ˽Ȼӡ˾ųҲԶԸ𵤼ˡС֣ͨϣ
άȻֿسལɫ֮˵š
֮ǰִ͸Сͨ岿ΪħϾͷĵϵϺҲμӣΪ˱ⱻϺѹһͷǿСͨ
ҪǬ󣬻ÿԽ
һ˵Ԫ˽ҪλһעԪ˽λΪΣ
άĿ⣬˿ȥ
ά仰Ҷ΢΢㵣üͷ룬ԭСܴͨһʹؾĳλʿǱ˱Ϊάǽһ㣬һΪҪֱӵھŲȥˡ
ʲôҪԪʹ𣿡
÷𣿡
ڽʿһеʹ
ǽڵԪġһڴľԪҪķ³һھԪڼװ˷ˡ
ޱȵԪ˽պҪԪӤƿӵļѡ
ѡڴڣԶ޷뿪ؾüԪΪۣȥصԼһɡԸĸߣԸģɡ
ά˵꣬Ҳˡڿռɽ㼲ٳԶȥҪǿг
ڽʿΣæϡ
Ͼ뿪ĻֻôһΡķѼԪҲȳҪǿࡣ
ʮλʿÿ˳ԽһھԪ
ССĳԽ˴ľԪɫâӭ籩ǣΪһɳ޽һɫԣڷɽϣͬһĻԳ졣
ʿľڳԽĺ棬ХȥǺ֮䣬ܷɶݳʮٶȵ˺˵ĵزֻ˰칤򣬱ɳ
ӽΧŽ׽ݶȻÿʮһͷ͵ľŽݡ̶ǧ·̣Ȼʮͷ֮࣬Χ˹
죬ڼԪŽ޷ǳܼԶˣܻܲųȫڴһ٣ֻҪ֧һʱС
άɫǺ죬еѹԽԽΪ˿סԽȥ˼ʶһſڣһھԪ
ԭЩĳԽʱǹâָֻ˼ְơ
ڽʿûޣ׷ԪǿԽͬʱٿظԵķݵϮزֻһ֮䣬òƴˡ
Ҷû֣ھԪ
Ϊʿ֮ЩԪѾ˳ҡҡ׹ıԵһھԪ½Ҫֱѣȥ
ֻÿһλʿѾ˼ޣ³Ԫ˳
Ŀ£
;ľŽ׽ݣһצ֮£׷˺ѳΪ⡣ûһͷݣ赲Էɽȥ·
·̣ڳԽ֮µĽݣѾԼ
ǵκһ˵ʵ޷嵽гԽСͨټ϶ʮλʿһʮԪΪۣȴһ漣
вٽʿ˷ΧľŽݵϮסСʿ飬ʱڶްΧ
ֻʣʮʿڼߵʱڿԶһƬɫâĻ
ʿ㵣ǿϲ
ǴıԵ롣ֻҪȥǱܳǬ󣡡
ϲ
ܽˣлλʣµ·һ˹ȥˡǣڰɡ
άͻȻһЦзȻһաɵĳԽͻȻһŻƱסеĽʿų档
ά磬Ǹʲô
άСˣȻƴȴȥ
ڽʿʧɫʱάˣŭȳ⡣
⸽ʮﷶΧ洦ɼŽݣûгԽıһȺ˵ֱӱ¶ھŽݵĹ֮Уʱܻᶪ
ΪһǳȥظţĲɣظţģֻάܵõ
ά缥ĳʿɨһۣڽʿָŭֱӼԦԽâһţԵȥ


439 ж
άʿ֮ͻȻСͨԽֻһˣȥ
ʣµʮΪȥ˴ԪƣߵĽʿƿڴά籰޳ܵͬʱ໥ӣȴеһĿ־塣
󣬽ֻľ룬ﷶΧڻܼ̾Ų¶ʮͷľŽ׽𵤼ݡ
ÿһͷŽ׾ٵĻɱϵĽʿûгԽСͨıͷŽݣ԰һȺʿɱıοжʮͷŽ֮࣬ǽʿ
ۿҪȥϣˣֱĿ־壬ǻս
ô죿
λѣЭһ壬ɱȥ
ɱĹŽһݰΧȫˡҿǻǷɢɣһ߻ܻųȥ
Χ߿շĶʮͷݣѾһСȺڽʿ漲ٳΧ˹ڽʿʱΪֻţΪ
Ҷ磬ǻܻųȥ𣿡
΢΢ɫ԰ףҶء
ֻɽصȼˣһȻȥκϣڵѾԣŽݵķٶԶǡǺ;ŽɱǷǶھԵƣ򲻹ҲӲߡ
άԼһҪʹĴۡ
ҶɫĿԶݶȥά磬аġάװõĽʿҲȻŭգ˫ֽշף޲׷ɱȥά縶ۡ
ǣڲǷйŭʱҪȥ
һ취ôҶųȥǸĴۼ󣡾ͿλԸԸ⸶ۣ
ҶջرĿ⣬ΧٰΧɨһ£̳СӳԱ˵
ʲô취
Ҷ磬˵ʲôֻۣҪܻųȥҶԸ⸶

ڼͿ־£ȴͻȻҶ˵Ļᣬʱȼǿ׷ʡ
ǺҶλСӶӳһ͵ȣʵ˵ϻҶгѰġ
ûģʱҲԸⳢһҶصİ취ܱԴҪǿ
Ǽ˵ʲôǱʲôκγɡԸ⣬ͱҶ˵꣬¼ԦϷһڹ⣬ڽʿĶ飬ȥ
ɽصҲæʿ飬Ҷضȥ
һȺʿʮ˵ģϷֳһ˻ͣԭӭսŽݣҶءѾɳʮ￪⡣
ʣµʿɫװʿ˵ʿҲħ˵ʿһȻҶءͻȻȥʲô
ڵЩŽҲǣɢԼжͷ׷ɱά磬ʮͷͣԭصĽʿǳȥһִԼʮͷҶء˳ȥ
ÿͷŽݣ׷ɱһ𵤳ʿ
ȻάӵǿСܹ֮ͨ⣬ʮʿ˶ݵİΧ׷֮£ҪǾǲܵ顣
죬ÿһԪСͨžϣǱסֶΡ
ҶŭĶŴǰʮ⼲ٳݣһĴһƴСİ߲½ĹžϷ
ۿݱҪΧ˹;һҶغſڱ¾ޱȵԪ
ɽȻвʣزûκ·ԣҪôҪôڵԪ
һʿһڵԪҶеĹžմԪʱΪɾ޾ڷƹ·ӿꡢꡱ⣬׵й¶⣬ƺˡ
ͬʱŴԪɥʧʿڼͬʱꡱԭҺ̬ĽԪʼ飬»Ϊ̬Ԫ񣬴ӽһʿֱӱΪھŲʿ
ɽص˾ҶеĹžΧݣήҲɫɷޱȡǻȫҶصˡ
߾ȥɣ
Ҷؼ׹žѾɴԪ㹻һȫٿʹžǰʮͷŽ׽ݺɨ˹ȥ
͡
һɴС˵ɫ׹ӹžп񱩼ɨǧԶâʢֱɨϮڶŽ׽ݡ
б׹ɨеľŽ׽ݣҪôȫ׹УȫΪҽҪôǱɨа漱׹ֱ¡Ҫ֪ݵĹϬٶȼ죬Ƿȴһ£ܲס׹񱩵Ĺ
쿴׹ž
Сͨ
ϾͷСͨžӦϺУô䵽˵У
ĪϺѾˣ׹ž䵽С
֪׹žҾ͸ߺˣ
Ȼͣԭصʿʱ˺ȻʧϳСͨʹûڲѣֻûһȥ
ǣԶٶκ˵ЩˡʮͷŽѾ˷Χ˹Ǹ·ӡ
ߣ
Ҷ׹žŽ׽ݣǿɨһƬ
ţҶһɽصŲʿȫ֮УԵӶȥ
˵ڵΪʵ󽵣еٶԶʿ졣Žݻûɱ֮ǰȥ
֮䣬ҶѾԦϳ嵽˴ԵĹĻҫ⽣âɣݺһնƣɫĻ˺ѿһɴСȱڣ䲻ݷ֮䣬˲ϢǬŴ
ɫĻº£

쬣
ҶϣʿΣ³֮С񷶥齻ţصķʽâ˸ά֣ڵʿ
֮ǰһ࣬һʿոֳԳԽά硣
ԽԽʣԪɱͷŽ֮»ΪСصάС
㣬ôģ
άͻȻֻʿԼ󣬲𾪻ͷҶصˡĿҶһƴСĹžϡ
׹žϼҵСͨȻУϺܰκˣɱˡϺɱҶѵʵͬѰ׾ȻһֱûзҶѵʵ
άɫ粻аƲҶصʵʵţҶǿʲôֶɱӵ׹žСͨϺ
ά磬СˣƣҪɱ㣬а˿ιޡ
ɽŭڣָάйв
ص˶һŭά磬ŭ޲ɱά硣Ҫάڹؼʱ˳ԽʿڣҲΪȥľԪµھŲΪȥ
ԹѾ˲ĳ̶ȡ
ߣƾǼʿǼǿд߶СͨԪʧأΪʿͲҵĶ֡
άǲмĿĶСͨžҶء
ʿڴ֮СҪȡظţģʣµΨһ֣Ҷʵز¶̵ĽµĽʿ


440 ױ
СʲôֶΣܰϺɱ׹žϺȱؾڵĸ߽ɱСϣûһˣ϶
άĿҶأʼûҶʲô˵ֶΣкɻһ߲Ÿֿܣһ߽ĵϢָڵķ
ողǰԦԽǬȫɱڷȥʮ֮˾ţûŪҶصֶ֮ǰ׳֡
ʶҶʵһʱˡ
ڰ׸ǵĶᵺϣҶغͻʸְ̨ܸõһС鵺ȻһС£ȴҲά繢ڻûΪԼвҶأֻΪʿ֣Բܻ
岿άҶز˳ֻۣǹΪĵϵ˽ʿӵݣûȥҶص鷳Ҷؽдѹ
ά翴ҶɺɢޣܳΪʿðʮ̣˰˱ӸŻµĸ£ûбҪȥӡ
̫ӣȥѹ͹ԵҶطͬѰҶʿԪӤע⡪ɲάҪĽ
ϾҶĽɢޣڶûйӲı̨׾ûڶʿȺУΪĽʿ֮һûгΪԪӤʿϣû𶫺ɽĿܡ
άĶֻ֣ϾͷĵϵϺѡ
άû뵽ǣϺ֪ʲôʱȻˣϼҵСͨ׹ž䵽ҶصС
СƾʵɱϺĻĻ˿µĵزصʵ¼ǿҪԵĽһ쳣ѵĿսСֻϺ֮׹žôֻ˵С̫ðˣΪ塣
άɫ粻ջ˹âԽŻ˴Сſ³ϵԪɽһö飬öֵ׼
ԽͣҪĴھԪǿԽСͨ
ֻҪ³һԪӽΪھŲ㣬һڱŲ㱩һ㡣û㹻ԪȥʹԽСͨ
˵ˣСͨȻǿ˲ɱʿǽʿû㹻ԪʹĻҲûʲôһͨͽ׷ʹ
Ҷغά磬ڵΪڽڱԵٽ㣬޷ԪʹСͨ
Ҷ۵ά磬άɫ粻᲻֪άʲô
ҶҲϻάѾ׼֣ſ³ڵıɽҫ⽣˿񳾽𽣣ֿıԪɽࡢ졢ɫâӳѤĿ
鵽һά֮䣬ֻһܻ߳ŵȥ
Ȳ˵άǬڽʿԪȴڼؼʱͼڽʿͳͳڴڣԼ˳ظţġ
𲻿ɲ
ңҶҲά뿪ؾʿ֪Ϻ׹žСһϢй¶Ͼͷŭѹ
뵽ҶеɱԽǿҡ
ո̤𵤵ʿͨӵһԪ㲻ȻӵļԪѹָ˿
άɫʱһ䣬мζ˵
Ȼĵϵᣬĵϵв٣ÿһλܹеõʹ͵ķȻࡣ
ƽʱ鵤з֮࣬һϻÿԼȥ취õ
άҲƳɶԪҶȴһӵıԪҪ˵άûһ˿ʣǾǼٵġ
άǱСͨԽʱģ岿֮Ҫ黹
ƾıԪҪɱңֻɣ㻹ʲôֶΣó
ά쳣裬С˵
Ҷ˵ٶһˮ顢ϼһʩ˳˫Ϸߴ
ټ֪ɱ㣡ҪάȻҪȫԸԼǿļԪͶ˳
ͬʱҶʣķӿļԪ׷Ĺâͬʱǡ
ⲻħ춵ķϼͯôУĪɱͯȻ͵ϮϺ׹ž
άһöɫ飬ʱ뵽һܣɫ䣬ƺǷϼ鼫Ϊɵ
ΪһʿΪûжٲ𣬷Ҳ޼ʱƴĻ˫ķʵ
άԼϵԪһϵڽʿѾڼǿǣҶеļԪͶ࣬ƵļҪѪ
Ҷöϼ飬ܴɫϼ⣬һɫϼסʿǷᶨԭá
ȷҶء
άжʱְ䴢ϣ˲жһ糤ľĻɫֽֽĲĳֶ׻ϵϣԶͨĸ߽׷ֽҪ߳ࡣ
ֽ滭ż临ӵķͼƣϡȥƺһױģ
ױ
άһȣлɫֽȻĳ
ŻϵǰɳʮɣڰкȻѣĻ档
ЩѵĻ棬𣬲δֱӹҶأǷ׷أڵѸٻûΪһðڻļױɣֳһ浶һֳһ޴Ļ滤ܣ죬ͫг˱Ϣ׺쳣
䣡һױڵϣƵ
ױҶСģĵͨԻɼױÿһױһϵʿʵһ壬ÿһǧɽʯѡ
վҶԶȻ֮¾Ҷظ֪ױ
ͬʱɽصʿæˡ
ҶغάλʿھŲΪѲ֡γɵĻױСմһ𻨣ǼŲʿܵˡ
ҶСӣǧ㣬Ҳ벻ⶥ׷ƾնһʵİ֡Ƕ𵤶һ𵤣·һȻɱң
άЦݻױһҶɱ˹ȥ
ҶĿкâһ
ױҵ󷨣һĻױ
Ҷسּ죬ˮâһɫˮĻǽǰΪԼȡʱ䡣
ţǰջһԲûһ淨淨ڳҶصӰգ۹һһģһġҶءڴڡ
Ҷءͬʱάͻױɱ˹ȥ
ǡ
άȻˮĻǽҶءǰǳһȻмߣƾССĻҲҶֻҪƵ֮࣬ء
ά糯һҶɱ˹ȥ
άĲٿ£ױֻ΢΢ͣһ£Ȼ̻泤һҶ˹ȥ
άǡҶءķࡣ
ױҶء
ǣάٶȳԾǣ١ҶءȻйȻͬʱܹױ
࣬ȻֻҶ֮һսȴҲסά磬άȰҶصķɵ޷̺ͻױֹҶء
Ҷеķϼâǣһۺϼ⼤ױױЩٻԶάѸͣʱԭܶ
Ҷ˫ָһӣıԪɽȫױȥꡫױԪ֧飬Ϊɢڵϡ
ͬʱϼڵзɫâʧΪһöͨ顣
άȻҶصķƣǼױͬҶ͵ĹƬĶʱȻ³ɫһ䣬ٵˣֱӳ󷽵ظţ˹ȥ
ҶضȥռκαˣбɱΣաάֻظţģѸ뿪ؾص׸ȥڲҶص飬պ˵
߾
ʱһȣĴнάס
ң
άζʱһ죬Ȼŭ
ߣѾûзڵˡȴм֡磬ã֣һɱ
ʱҳȻѾάʵȵ
ɽصȼλʿ쬡쬣άܣԲٿطάŰΧסһŭֱðŭĵά硣
ǾȻҸԣϽ۱ɹͶ¡˿ˡһΡ
άŭɫдż־֡
˵ĲڵȷûзˡΪ˳Ǭ󣬷ĴղŸҶصĶʹõǶ׻ϵֽҲֻ֧һС㲻ҳǿȥ
ά磬Ҫ㣬Ǽô˶ľԪ𵤾磡ޡ㻹Ƿ㣡Żȥӻôˣɱ
ɽҧгݣһö貵Ľɫ飬ά˹ȥ
ʿԲٿظ߽׷ΧάʿͶά޵ҧгݣֻηάʵҶ֣ά編ľеŭԹҲڲס
߰˼߽׷Χ֮£һҽУά类ΪһѪʬ޴档


441 ԽĻ
ƮƮ˴нӰշڵأ
ûɱά֮ǰŭĺ޲ýάնƬ
ɽصֻɱά֮һ뵽ܲغɫȴʼЩֽ࣬ŷ
תͷͽɽˣǼ˵ɫҲǳѿ
ɱά磬ľάһ𵤳ʿ֮һλԪӤʿӴʿ
Ҫ֪˶˱ɹӣǶɼʿάλϵϵУƽʱڶҲάΪʦ֣˿
ҪάͼǺǬڣǴӽ𵤾籩磬ǼҲںŭ֣ðŵķգֽάնɱ
ãάѾľ˷зݷ˵ҪһҪǱ˳ȥպҲûǼ˵֮ء
ɫ԰ףЩ¡
˻ã˭Ϊ˶ظţģѾ˼ǡ˺ħ˵ʦ֡ʦܺ˴ڡҪҶȫˣ׹žɱǬҲһڴڡôʿУɱҲã
ɽŭ
Ȼɱά磬Ҳйеķŭ
˶Ѫʯ鵤ͻƽƿΪһʿ
ΪⳡʣЩĿް׷ˣڰװ˷ʮԪΪԪӤʿϣ㼫ͣڱԽã
Ҷؼάһ̺Щƣϥָ
ˣҲ׷ԭش
㹦֮Ҷػָ˴ķվɽ˹ȥ˵
ά˶зݡ˭©Ϣ֪άɥУ˶Ǳɡԣ뿪֮Զŵڷ飬͵ǽؾ֮ûά硣ֻҪǲᣬؾһգжϣ޴׷顣
ţҶģ֪
Ȼȥ̱֮չǱʮꡣʮ꣬Ҳû˭¡
˵ͷ˵
Ҷ磬άЩôָά籬֮Ѫ⣬еĴԪͷ
ٵɣ
Ҷ΢һ£ϵͷŻ
һųޱȵ𣬳Ϸߡ
¶Ѹߡ
Ҷһ֣𡰺˳ȥסάʮɷΧά籬Ѫո⡣
ǴҲյıѿн׸߽׷ʯ֮ƻѸٱٻ١
άԪ飬ǻϵ޷ջٵ
Ҷ׳ҫ⽣׼ͨͨնΪƬ
ѽ𰡣
ɽӴۣ֮Ҷض˵ٵάޱȵԪʱ󼱣æȰԪ飬㶼ֵúüʮƷʯ̫ϧ
Ҷתͷɽüͷʯһ⼸ȥò˶ãҶ֮أάЯκƷϵԪһ飬СͨԽڣһ£ȫ١
Ϊʲô£ɱϺҲ׹žôάԪͳԽҪٵǳԽСͨԪӤʿӵȷ㲻ҪЩøұˣαҪٵǣװ˷ı
ɽԲ۾¡
Ϻ׹ž£άķ
Ҷ˵
ϺάʲôһϾͷĺᣬһĺᣬһﲻ׹žȴҪٵԽȻ㲻ҪԽﲻԽøң⼸Ԫ£ôҲܲҵʧ
ɽ
Ϻ鲢ءħϾͷ֪ϺȻŭûκ֤ݵ£޷˿Ƶıĵϣ޼ɵ׷֡
Ҿ׹žֻҪʹãϾͷǲ׷鵽Ϣһй¶Ͼͷ֪׹žҵУҲ޷Ŀŵǲʿ뱱ҽ׷ɱ׹žҲȫԡ
ǣάȫֻͬҪκһάƷȥױ֣Ӷ˳ϣ׷鵽Ǽ˵ϡڱƿӴҪѣûκοܣǲðա
Ҷ俴Žɽһų˵
ԭͣǽɽ˵˽ھľ޴ۣʧأԹŽôࡣ
ʱҲԽɽȰ磬ܽ㣬ң֣ȫס˱ڡ鲼ÿһ䡣ڱΧڣƿصΪӴԪӤʿڶ࣬ʿΪ֮ЧάµκƷӲ۾磬۱ʿһСıǣɹİΣЩͲû⼸ʲôϧˡ
⣬Ҳǲףǣ̫˷ˡ
ɽһʱƿԣڨڨ˼䣬Ȼͷ
˵Ĳ㲻ںԼİΣҲܲں۱ʿİΣǶɹӵΣκ֮ǰܲȿɹ档
Ҷؼɽٷԣҫ⽣άԪһö飬նΪϸСƵƬĨȥеķϢ޷ϡ
ʣһСĳԽڵϣɫâŽһ΢ͳ֣磬һֶǵľ޸о
Ҷԥһ£ҪҪޱȵСͨٵ
Ǻģٿؽҫ⽣ΪһâԽնȥ
СͨȻǿޱȣÿһʹãҪ̫ĴۡʿֻñޱȵԪʹÿһΣҪΪֻԪӤʿгķܹʹСͨ
ҶѾһ׹žҲʹáԽҲɲóˣκ
ҫ⽣ٳԽϿգһȻԽնȥ
ǣʱͻ
ԭϢĳԽڽҫ⽣ҪնʱͻȻһͷڵһһȻ˲Ϣʮ֮ߣܿ˽ҫ⽣ȫһն
ף
Ҷسһ̲ٿؽҫ⽣Խ׷ȥ
ɿռ䣬
һبʮ׶ԺǣԽҿ涾ԺǣֻӴܣԶҲûӡ
ҫ⽣׷ȥݺݵһնڳԽ罣ϡ
һԽײɣž׹ڵϡ
ûκˣԽӾҵĲҡҡλεٶȷ𣬷ƺڰġһηӵĸˣΪһâڷӴܣ϶ܽҫ⽣׷
Ҷز첻ѡ
ԽԼӱΣգףȣΪôһ£
һĵи߽׷дǻûʶԪΪעԪʹ÷ԣܺͨʹָҲûԡԽһͷеͼǵޣ
ɽˣǾĿɿڴ
ͷһ˵
ԽĲʼΪӲ޷ҫ⽣ݻ١ڣƺӡлǣЩŹ֣
Ҷջ˽ҫ⽣һĴһŽڵĽ˿ͽ׷˦˳ȥӲӣһ˽ɴСĿռ䡣
ڰռӴܵĳԽһײڽ˿ϣ˿סƴȴѡ
Сͨûʿע뷨ԪҲ޷ӳʲô
Ҷ˷һѽԽץС
˺һԽֹͣ
ͬСͨ׹žȻһֲҲûߵԡ
ҶصĽΪҪԽٵȻ
Ҷظɴ˳Խ׼ߡ
ɽû˵ʲô
ҶسȥǸʮ׶Ժǣظţģʱڴ뾲ķšǸ޴ʮ׶Ժǣһبڴڡͨظţģ΢Ļƹ⣬ɱݡ
Ϲսʱڣ𶫺ĴͨظţģӰ̫˭ҲռΪС黹ĳһλħ˵ĳһλͷҲСֻͷۺʵסظţġ
ظţģӦ͸˭
ҶЩԥ˸λħ˸λͷ˽⡣
Ҷ磬ҽ˹ĴϽȥɡʣԪֻ࣬вһ꣬޷ͻԪӤھ磬ҪλܼڣϽΪѾԪӤڣڳﱸȡĿλظţ֣Ϊϣ̴û˹ܺ͹֮λ
˵
ܹҲãҵȶɽһʿظţĽܹҲġܹܳΪ֮һĻڶҲװȫˣõɱάй¶⵽׷ɱ
Ҷسһ£ͬˣȻ˽𵤾磬ֻҪظţͻϽĹѫܹûɲǾ޴Ľ͡ȫлõ𵤣³Ϊʿ˳Ļһ½ᵤպ鵤ǲȱҪȥʯ鵤ҲһǧиϣΪԪӤʿʧȫֲ


442 Ե
ڣҶأȼʿΧڵǸʮ׶ԺǵΧһüչβȡظţġ
ҶȻѾظţĴȥϽǣҪȡظţģһ׵顣ϰǸԵĺǡ
Ժǣһɣ״ԣΧһŨµɫϡ
ظţģǸĶԺǵм䡣
ǸԺǣػһ㣬ĻɱʿĴͨظţġ
κҪظţȡߣ취ƿԺǵĶϣſܽӴظţġ
ⲻһ׵顣
кüʿĺǣǶͼȥظţģȴΪմԶɥΪɭɭ׹ǡ
ݹǼϵĸɫΣȫĹâ
ϻһЩ޹ķҲմȾԶ˺ķƷ沼ɫʴСӡ
ԶİԵ
ʮ׶ϵԶԪӤڵʿܶοʿⶾ̫Եˣʿֻմһ㣬̶УΪһѰ׹ǡԪҲ޷ƿϡǼΪΪ磬ƿնϡֻܿҶˣ
ɽŵǼʿǼܣǸԺԽη⼸ʿУжʶʿݡ
κλκԷܽӴ⺡ǣһ⵽ĸʴҶ磬㲻һֻ𣿽ȫ¶ǹǼܣʬӦò嶾ȥһԣ˵ã
ʱ뵽һӣ˵
Ҷһ£аýȥȡӦõİ취ˡеĻֻþŽȥԡбٷ֮Чȴδܱٶ߶еĻǾû취ˡһԿɡ
޴зų
Ҷصʶٿ£ڵϣǸԺȥ
ɫǼܣһӴɫͷʱͬһ㣬͡ð̣Ǽϱʴ˴ǵɫªߺۡ
Զڽʿ˵綾ޱȣ̼佫Ϊ׹ǡ
ԶԽ˺Сࡣһ׹ǼܣͷϱԶʴɫߺۣҲʹ
ٳƬɫ֮УڣȻҧסظţĵһţͷȻҴҽظţĸ
ɹˣ
˼״Ǵϲ
Ҷɫ侲һϯȥͨظţ˲һС
ʱ򣬾ȻûҶصĿ֮£һͷ붾֮С
ٴʱĵһһɶ೤ĽɫǴ̣ڴڵʳİɫ
ڵöɱĺɫԿüٶȣڱ̶̵͡һС򣬺ɫ㿪ʼɢĺ͸Ĺ
һĻҶز졣
ܵʶͱĨȥˣֻʣıܡ˵ʳʬУ޲ǵȵȡ
ûʶָӣǲжġ
Ҳ˵ǿұܣɫǴ̸˳Ǵֻ·ͬѰ
⡭ǣ
ǸǴ̣һ£ƺʲô¶֮ɫ
ʲôǣ
ΣΪʿ֮ڶһǵĴСʿǱҴδۼǣû뵽žȻġǣԽǴ֮ʳϵʬʳͷͷ𵤼޵ʬáܼɳ
ǣǽڹʿıƳɷҲõһǣ𵤹ʿΪԪӤʿϣܴɡ
ɽصҲ漴ЩĽܵõһΪ𵽾޴õı
ҶԣЩ⡣
Ҳ֪ʮԪӤڼԣʿҲĴڣҲҵƷʵǡ
ܵõһǣԵ
ϧҶʵֶζΪޣ޷⸱ʮ׶Ժȫߡ
ĻպΪԪӤʿ㹻߽ףȫܽⶾԺƳԪӤڼÿܣǽǼΪֲս
ͷҶԺתһȦʧֻѡ
ԪӤڹʿпܽ⸱ߴʮ׵ĶԺҶصʵȻ޷ġ
Ժȡ߶ܡ
ܿ죬ʳ˴ʬ׹ǼϵĴɫƿʼʧѸ޲ָʵ
ҶһУֱӽǽǣ޴Уص޴ȥʬ޲Ĺͷ
߰ɣ
Ҷش˳˴ܿüͷЩɻ
ŵ̫ˡ
Щ߽ʿԴӽ˹ŵ󣬱ûгֹ
ĪڽʿǬʱЩʿѾ뿪˹ŵ
Ҷа롣
ŨҵѪζ
ͻȻĿһݣȻһԭʧȻڰһͨڴ
ҶصǰһƤ׵߽ʿһǹţݺݵĲͨʯϣʺѪҺһһǹʣʿĴͷ­Բ۾·ǲš
ˣ漴ͨڴ״׷¶֮ɫ
ʿæظţġ˭ɱʿ
ǹɱûáӦǼԼµ֣ҪȻʿĿ
Ҷص˵Сĵŵĺȥ
ҩ
Ҷͣ½Ų𾪵ǡ
ҩޱȣкʦʿʬ壬ϵ˿ںͱУǱУԼǼɱġ
Ǽ岿ʿ϶ǽҩ֮ͻȻڧ﷢һ

ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôڧ
Ҷϸķʬ壬˵ͷ
ҩһŵҩһ첽ҩԱߡЩҩڵƿƿ޹ޣǿյģŵƿŨĵҩζ
ЩƿװҩƹҩⳡڧӦøҩйء
Ҷس˵
ǣʲôƷ׵ĵҩֵĴͻȻɱɻһۡ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ڵʲôҲֻ岿Լ֪ЩŵʿʱѾ뿪˹ŵ

ؾѾûҶҪõĶΡ˵ʿҴҴؾСҷͨʯҶţ״ɳĮɺɭ֣Ⱥһɽ˳һ޼ʵı档
Ҷضʱһѣӳĸо
ųˣ
ɽ˶ϲĪΪ֮һ
˺ħһаʮʿ˰ʿȺ岿䡣Ϊײ岿ж붫ؾ֮һؾ
ڽΪؾڵڶĵرΪظţģභųģȻ޼һʮ
Ҷһʿؾ֮С໹һЩҶҲ֪ǵ䣬ʧ١
ܵ˵ҶضԴеջǺġ
ҪǵõҪȻֻһźǹϸˡ
⣬һˮƴнһˮϵԪԭϣľϲһƳɣĹսܴһء
׹žͳԽȫе⡣
ҶسؾʹСͨ
ص֮󣬱չȫΪһΪ̫ˣһΣձӦ
Ҷа
ߣ
ҶϷΡ˵ʿһΪһڹ⣬Ӷȥ
ڶΪٶȱȽʿ̫ҶֻԼԦǷС
ϿԱôСԴˡ
һʿٷ
˴ԼСʱҡ
ͻȻǰââյǵڹ⣬;һգסҶصȥ·
âĹâȥеʿ֡
һڵĻߣǽ𵤳ڵ׳ӡ
Ҷرסȥ·ͣİŴ
׳ɽֻڵΪɲ죬ȳǼΪͣҲԶ붫ӽѪɫ֮ĵطһͷûޣǽ𵤼ģô
ɽĲѪڰ֮ǰҲýʿ׳˿ܵҪȴҶĿֹ
λǺ⣬زʶΪסҵȥ·
Ҷʿ˵
ԷȻʿҶزû˿η塣ʵȻ򲻹Ҳߡ
߷ɿɨҶءһۣĿΪߵҶϡ
΢΢һףȻЦλСѲؽšҵֻ·˵أѯһЩ顣СѴǰ⸽﷽Բ֮ڣ״֣
ҶüͷʮֲãҪ˵
ͻȻҶܴ˵Ҷ磬ˣӦǶѰʿûҪȥǡ
ѰʿרĴѰ
Ҷɻ󣬴


443 Ѱʿ
ϵı֮£ɽصȼʿĿ⾯ںͻȻֵʿСĵŶԷʱܷͻϮ
Ҷ磬ڶҪޡѰĵرȵֶΣȡʯճרѰĵرȡʯʿͨΪѰʿ޻ȡʯģͨΪʿѰʿڶеĵطûѰмֵ챦Ǵ󲿷ַǳ̰Ϊ챦ԲϧһдۡСò²⣬ǰȺ緢״ǰ˵أ̽Ƿ챦
ҶزǰʿҶ˵
Ŷ˵λѰʿƬӦѰؾλãҶԣһߡ׳ʿʿ
ȺͻȻҴ𣬴ǰؾ֮һؾͨ϶·˵ʿע⣬Ȼٴȥ
ؾǾסõġ
ǰʿȻֻѾвʿ֪Ⱥ״֪ܿؾѾĿ
ܿдȺʿӵ
ҶغҪԼһȺʮˡħ˽ʿΪȺ岿䣬Եɺϴ˸ոտؾҪȻҲ޷ڱʿ֮ǰʱĽؾȡĵرҪ뿪ˣʿŸոոϵ˵ء
Ҷ֪ߵʿݣƬĿģСĽ
ϻмرͨظţģСͨ׹žͳԽʮ׶ԵǣÿһڶɽСķˣܲ
ԭλ˵ѰҴһɱޣȴûп⸽ʲô
ҶҡҡͷǻߵЦ

ţҶϸһ£ƺʲôһ˵˵գȷʵһƬ죬ðֱûг̫ãܿ㱻ϵĿ紵ɢʧҹţǺ׻ɽ緢ж߸żӣΪ˰ȫҲûҿȥ̽
ŶС˵ĳʲôλĿоһü֮䰵ϲɫæʵЩţȻǷǳ¡
ڶĺ򣬴ԼǧңǱһƬ죬ϻסĲ䡣ðĵص㣬ƺڵϡֻҪȥ֪ˡ
Ҷɫ糣ֳƫָȥȺķλ˵˳ûбֳκ״
Ҫ뿪ˣ˭ȥȺѰؾ˵Ҫ
Ƭϣ岿䣿
Ŀʿȴûκνź;Ҷأ΢΢졣
֣ڶķзؾ֮һؾȻģؾͨÿһολö֪ͬ׼ȷλõʿ٣û뵽طҵˡؾѾʣʱ̸࣬Ϲȥ˵ܴؾ֮Уժϵҩ
׳ԣʱ¶ϲ߼æߴٵ
תžӣһɵĶ롣ܸоҶûѣܾҶƺʲô
߳Աһλʿʹһɫʿ̽һ¡
ǰʿѰʮ꣬Ĭߵɫ׻ߵͼ
κֲҪ
ʿȰڳ嶯׳ȻҶλϵܣ㲻ǿǰɣ
ʲô
˵ƬϣɣЩϵ䣬ʵС߽ʿڶࡣǼʿɾǶ֣һ岿䣬߽ʿϣº롣·ȥǵϿڵҵ챦һҲ㣬Σ
Ҹǳ䵱ڻңѾ֪ķλŲţȥȥǵ顣ˡ㣡
ҶضʱüͷɫޱУѹżŭ
˵꣬¹âһԦϷˣΪһɴСâɣٳȥ
ߡ׳ǰʿ˶һ㶣û뵽Ҷ˵߱ߣһʱȻûüסϡ
עŽԶȥڹ⣬ɻüͷ
֣ʲô⣿
״ֵʵ
һʼװɫ糣⣬ŭ壬Ȼȥܾãŭƺαװģֻҽھ뿪ҵȽӴѡضʲô
Ȼ˵ȴûʲôҡҡͷɻ֮ɫŨ
֣˵ǻ᲻ǴؾгϻбԲԸǽӴ
ʿһ£²
ϵܣɡ˵Уֻһǽ𵤳ڵΪ˶ھŲСҪǽؾ֮أ֪ôģеӽؾȥѰ
׳һ㶣Ծ
ҪȻǴҴ뿪ʲôֲбҪô˵߸ʲô
ʿ
׳ͬ벻һᣬɴ⻹õŲ׷ȥ֪ˣϻرͱǽûоҲʲô򡣡
Ҳã׷ȥʣɲ´ɴɱһʿɱȥյؾ̫ˡ㡣׷
Ҳٶˣ˵׳ɽڹ׷ȥ
һʿŲʿʿ˵ûκв
âڶϼշС
Ȼ٣ҶҪʵʿһУȴ˷ٶȡ
ߣ׳ӵʿǺ󷢣ȴ׷
׷ˣضǲ⣬ֻҪƬ̹ͻᱻ׷ϡܹǼȻذ׸ǣסƬ̡
ҶزϱƽϢͷһ׷ɫаһ䣬Ȼɿ쳯˵
Ҷ磬Էʿǽ𵤶㣬нΪܶĹ𣿡
ʮֵǵ
û£ȻҶǣҲκβҡй˼ɣ޷ȫ֡߰ɣҸǶһͷǡ
Ҷص
ҲãҶǧСģ
ҵȻذ׸ǣ
ɽʿһۣɵͷ֪Ҳۡ˸ҶؽؾֻųȻ֪ҶصʵԶͨ𵤳ʿҶмǿġ
˷׷׳ɽϣΪĵɫâɶȥ
ֻҶͣԭأնĵȺѰʿĵΪ˵ѣȡ㹻ʱ䡣
ʿٶȺܿ죬һ㵽Ҷض֮⣬ͣ¡
¸£СӾȻеһ˶ȻõɫκҪǲκѣ
׳ҶؾȻ£ͼʿԿ֮£ɴ͡
Ҳûȥ׷ˣѸٽҶذΧס
ḻĽʿȻ֪ҪһʿףҪɱһʿȴ򵥡ͨҪʿΧнϴİΧɱöԷлѡ
Ҳûֱȥ׷ˡ
Ҷؿ˰ڳһ־ڱصõļƣЦʿҲΧɱδ̫Сʵˡ


444 ٺ
Сӣ־ܣôүֽ£ǻӣֻ´вٱùԹԼóֵǮүһˣ㲻
κ׳ʿƵҶذΧסʤȯգʱ̬
ҶȴᣬڽϵıˡֻƬ̣˰ȫԶˣͻΧȥرȥ
κϵܡϵܣһ֣лѣ
Ȼ벻Ҷض£«ʲôҩԹϣѼӷˡκ󺺺ʿȫ֡
֣һһСӣûҪһְɣκֳֽܣ󣬲С˱ǣ
ʿȴΪԸ˫ֱأϺκһҶض
ʿκ󺺶ˣôҲǽڶ㡢ʿֶԸһһʿδС׹ݡ
ϣϵܣһԴţСӵı£߾ľ
κ󺺴Ϊ˷ܣб춯صĴڷȫǿҷϢ¹
ûж÷ĳһɫϢ
ţڰһץɫѸٻΪһһɴɳľͳشľдľΧɫľϵ֮һմȾϣжָָ״
ľϵʿ
Ҷɫ΢䡣
󺺼˲޴ľϵ߽׷ľϵ˼Ϊĵزſ顣
˱ضרľϵʿȻûκηľϵ֮Ҳ׺ޱȣԺͬ׽ʿ
𽣣
Ҷûеſ³һ΢Ļâ΢Ļâӭǣ֮仯Ϊ棬ѻ裬һҫĿɫϵɽհȻڰһƣɫľͷ¡
꣡
ɫâһ½ľͷһߴСѷ죬Ȼžľѷ죬ľȫնΪ롣
ľ⣬桢ѻ֮£Ǳմʧ֮С
СӣϵɽŸոտʼأľ󡯣εֵ
κ󺺴ЦХ˫ֽġ
һľľľһȺʮɫľڰɾľײƺˡ
κʩЩľԵʮֳӵʮһʱ򣬱Ҳ޷ˡһӣɫľƺƴһҶؿײ˹ȥ
Щֶˣ
ҶЦЦϾ
ȻſڣļԪɽһĴɳˮ顣
Ԫɽһ鱦ӭսľ
Ҷֿˮ飬һУʮСˮڰ˲Ϣ֣סľʮľһƣЩľٶȣ̻Եû׾
ЩСˮûʲôȴǿҵĳٻЧԭЩƺ˵ľľײ̱ͬڵڹһв
ҶɫȻһָļԪɽͬʱ˹ȥɱɫľ
ľײ󣬻ûܷʮԶ㱻ԪɽɵĽɱȫ߽⡣
Ҷؾ֮κ󺺵ľľĵƳһ۱ʡһѾ߳ʧΪġ
ĶҲýˣ⼸Ѱʿʵһ㡣Ƕһһʵʤ֮䡣һЩѶȡ
Ҷذֹš
Ǹߡʿ֪Ҷشʱ뷨ҪѪ
κڵɫ𾪣һʱ޷׵Ľʮķɵľľ󷨣ȻɣͱһλĽһʿƵˡ
˵ľԸͨʿ൱ʮ߽׷ͬʱȷʵźǿ
ԸȫԪ鱦ҶأơҶصԪɻٵ߽׷Щľֵܵ
κɲǼʧĿɿڴĹ
ҶصķѾʼһâھľ֮ڰһתκؿڼȥ
ãκϵܿ㿪Σգ
κϵһ֮
ߡʿͬʱɫ䡣
ʿ˦ִ׷ɽҶؼȥͼҶعκ󺺡
ſ³һöɫСӡɿĴִӿ֮ӡƹⱬҫΪʮɳĻƳγϵӡ
Ƿӡϣƺһصķӡ󷨣ڶľʯ֣ʯ֣ҹ֣Ϊӡ޴
ӡ
߷ųӡȻһѹӡҶصͷ¡
ǱУȻһСɽҲҳɷ顣
ҶѹķӡĿ΢΢һϵӡЩв
ѰʿȻϼãǳĬ
ʿȡʱ䣬߷ų޴ԪӡҶ͹ʱκҲѾѹȻһŤͼҶطĽɫâ
ͣ

κʹһѪɽûܼʱ㿪ǽ˲նһۡ
֡ϵܣɱΪұ𣡡
κ˺ѷεʹ
߼ͬˣŭӣϧʹ߶ӡʿһ𣬳ҶطΧ
ʿͬʱΧһʿһһô򵥡
ҶıԪһ鱦ɻǵκһˣȴκβĬʿ
Ҷضһ֪ԼòˣܿͻĹ⣬ӲƴȥѾԶԼҲûҪʿɱȥǶ˷ʱ䡣⡣
󷨣
Ҷػʿһ׺Χ̳˫֣ԷûһҶء
Ҷءһ֣ͷϡٷȥ
ôһģһĽʿ
ʲô
ʶɨҶءѱ٣ɳһ
ɽķǧٹ֣Уٻѱ١κ󺺡ʿҲֻɵ۵ķݣֱ治ǸҶء
֣бضһǼٵĻǷͷ׷ɣȥ׷ɱǸҺϵȥ׷ɱǸ
κ󺺸ոΪϱֹѪܻۿҶؾҪߣŭ
Уκһ˶ѣ
ɫһ£ɿСԭзСҹƣΪԻǣܴܻĵѡ£ߣһ׷Ǹ
ͷϷ׷ȥ
κ󺺺ʿϡ
Ǵ
׷Ȼã׷Ҳֻϵù
еʱ򣬲ò
ҶȷʵϷɣһɳǧ֮⣬ͷһۣȴȻߡκ󺺡ʿ׷ԼϷûзֿȥ׷Լķ
ôģĪϹ³ģ
ҶذһȴΡһ֮ҪѰʿǿȻ޷ƭǷֿȥ׷ķֻܼ࣬һ·Ͽɡ
ǽʿٶȼ졣
ڣҶصϷٶͬɿ죬û˵ĸٶȱȸ߻һЩ
ٷ֮£˫ľ뱻һɣΪʮ
ߵʿ׷ں棬ȴ׷ϣƿáͽκΡϱ֮ȴǲ׷
üʱ֮ããϣҶؼԦٷеڹ⣬һƬȺϿա
ƬȺϣһԲСɳǳء
ڣʮݺύʮ֮ڣģĴ˳ӿߣ׷ˣʿ洦ɼ
ŽڴվŴ߽ʿڶߴԶٴ˵أǳء뿪Զȥ
Զ붫ʮƫƧôὨһǳأʲôط
Ҷز죬ϼͣ
ͷһ޴ĳҡ
ٺǣ
Ҷһ۱㿴˳ϵҫ֣Ĭ
ɳǳأͨǽֹʿڳڶġ
ѰʿҪ׷ǲܡǳѰʿô
Ҷһֱȥ


445 С
ҶһջϣڹȥٺǵĳſڸȻȺǡ
ǳжϱĴţÿһſڶһȺʮˡŲʿһʿӳĴ£̲ǳصԱͽ׵ʿˡҪǣҪһ֮Ķ֤Ǵ˳ǵľ
ҶػûǣԴ˳ӳΪ쳣Ծ
һʮ˿ڵСǣȻԽʿΪӳšҲ̫˰ɣ
ɼǵãһɳڳǣǰ׸ǣĶ޳ǣҲûýʿسšССٺǣȻýʿسš
Ҷ벻Ļں档
ʿǣȻƣȴӳʶɨӺ̲顣Ҫ֪󲿷ɳǳأǼˡħͨʿ򶼲ȥ̲ʿٺǣƺں߽ʿ
Ҷв죬Щ⣬ſһʵٺô䱸ɭϣĪڼаޣ
ǰӦǳٺǰɣ
һʿѯʣæǰ֪ٺһʹ󣬿ǰңԶѪɫ֮Ѫɫ֮һƽʱ˳ǲվǰѪɫ֮ðյǰʿ붼вơʯȻǰѪɫ֮ðգɱޣѰĵر̽ѰսżɱʿѪɫ֮øƷֻ֮صøִѪɫ֮ƷȡһЩ鵤鱦ȵȡ
һҶʿ忪սΪǰսءżαװʿֲˣֻнʿسǣֹܲʿڵҡ
͵
Ҷһ׹ٺԭһԴѪɫ֮ĳǳء
Ѫɫ֮ޱȣʿû˳ǴѪɫ֮һתվرɭϣǿ⡣
ҶȺڡ
һʿٺǣΪߡ
ڳſڡֵȵأĿȥʿܶ඼ǽϵʿҶؼûмڵʿУҲǸŽʿһ𣬺ٵֵġ
ڽֵԣвٽʿؽְŵ̯ϡŹֵԭϣзȵ֮ࡣЩԭϺܶ඼ǴѪɫ֮Դ󲿷ֶǸ߽ԭϣΪϡеƷ
Ҷش۽磬ڽֵϹ˴죬ûԼȤƷ˳˽ֻۡ
˵ػϡ󣬺ܶҶضϲʲô;㿴ˣϴʯ࣬Ҳ
ҶزһΪֵʿջʱٺס¡
׼һ£ȰĴнɡдн֣ʵٱҲΪѰʿΧҵܵ
λѣǿһϢ˵ؾ֮һؾѾˣħ˵Ͼͷ֯һʿǰȥ̽ûЩʿ𵤴κϢ׶༪١ؾųյأȻޱȰ
ϢˡǼϢŴϷԶҴҸܲҵؾڣȥһ̽
ǲηؾеգ
ʲôµģɽΣηη
ؾͨ˵ð·ʿϧֻðС죬ϨڸҲλáؾȥҲװ
ЩʿϻһȥؾؾĽڶ࣬ɱͷǷһʺƣ
ⲻǶɹҏλγƺ
ҶزŸսҿջջһڣʮʿۼջںȾƣʢŸɫƵյؾ
Ҷ΢ɽϢݹȻѸޱȣһն࣬Ѿвٽʿ֪ؾϢٸһ
ɫ糣ÿջСȥһլСԺʱס
ҲмʿҶ˹ҶһͬǰѰؾҶԻؾܡЩʿҶΪֻһ㣬ҲûҶصĻؾʿڶ࣬Ҷһ࣬ҶһҲ١

ҶؽٺǺԶܿ׷âٺǵϿա׷ɱҶش죬ϷѰʿ
СӼԦڹһʧضܽٺڶ̽ǣأҲҪҳϱ֮𣡡
κ󺺳·Сǳȥܻµ
ٺǣ
ĿȴȻһɫأȵκϵܣҪٺǣǿµĵط
֣ƺ
ʿʵ
һΡǰѪɫ֮һ;죬дѪɫ֮ʵǿĽʿ٣ΪӣԪӤǰ·˵أ˭ڳѲ飿һСĵһλԪӤǰǼԲ˶ߡ
η
Сǣͷ
κһ㶣һ
ˣһֱڶûдȥңԶѪɫ֮ȻҲûٺǡҪΪؾҲ
ҪԪӤʿСǣκû⵨ڳڴˡ
С̫ƻˡٺһ㣬ţ޷׷䡣֣ô죿
κ󺺺
롭
һ£ĿͻȻһݵĲУġǰ˵صʱύһλ˵һλ߽ʿǴ˵һСͷߡȻû˻ǿԵġܲæڳҳСӵټֻҪʿǺСӵĶԹҲָ档

Ҷز֪Ѱʿʱ뷽跨ѰԼ䡣
֪Ҳ̫⡣
ٺСҲǼʿ˵ĵطʱĺջסŶʮʿͷģٶȥѪɫ֮
ҲٽʿϲԼݣñ֪ԼҪҳһʿһѵ顣
ǼѰʿҵԼĴнˡǸʱҲ屻⼸Ѱʿҳ
ҶջŵĶլСԺԸţȻչңʼ
żƪнУҶֻʣһˮϵԪɽδƳһԪɽɽĻǵɽȡ
ÿһɽƵḶ́Щӡ
һһˮϼѣıԪɽ̫̫ࡣ
ļԭ֮һһˮ
ˮǼ֮ˮʴһз÷ȥٿ̵ʱڱѷҲʴһաͨܿɥʧз
ͨˮϵˮûκá
ҶؼΪͷʹòڸȥװʢˮ׵ķӣŽˮ˻
˵һˮȴƫƫɽ翰ƶܲ˵Ƿ˼顣
Ͻ˼˶Բߣڹżһˮ֮ĻҶȻһˮҲֻиɵ۵ķ֡


446 ˮ
Ҷϸˡżƪ飬ϸƴнÿһԪҪ
Ͷɽ磬
ͬ͵ԭϣҪϵƣз
ڸ֮Уǻϵˮϵϵͳ
ϵҪʯࡢɰȽϵϵΪĿʯԭϣȥʯеңƳɽϵϵϵ
ˮϵҪ˿ľ񡢻١ҺľϵˮϵΪķǿʯԭϣȥǿʯԭеңƳľϵˮϵ
ȻˣҲܾ˵ĳԭϣͬһַ
ΪϵԭϣˮľϵԭҲûֻǣͬķܽȻͬ;Ҳͬ
⣬нϵϵľϵϵʿȥо⼸
ʿóϵϵƵıУ󲿷ַǱýϵϵƣʯ໥ײǧεĴңΪΪ͵ıУɱʿķ
硢ϵǺеĺϵʿſա
ֻʿҲлϵˮϵȣֽȻַͬ鵤ˮ鵤
֮ԭϣƩ硰޵ĳǡצƤëԭϣǱƣƳĹ
ҶغǰӵеƶɡɵĽŵƶɡɽеĹ֮٣ܴԭǼʿܹٿ𣬾ͨ
⣬һЩԭϣ硰ؽ𡱵ԭϣַǺޱȣǶ
˵ɽǧٹ֣
żڣصơһˮǲõһΪˮ
ɽ粢ҲһֽΪʿȥѧƫŵַ
żмأҪϣԡī̿ҺΪϡ
Ҷض˽٣ֻ«ưաżϵļһһȥ
ȥеԭϣ϶׼ȫ
ζԭϣֱһˮˮϵԪ
һˮѾ㹻ֻȱˮϵԪ
Ҷں׵ɺɭ֮Уõһöδ𻵣õ߽ϺԪչ򣬽ڵԪ
϶ˣҶſʼȥռϡ
ٺСȴڶϡԭϡǶЩǰѪɫ֮ðյĽʿԪӤʿѪɫ֮ġԭϷ㣬ǮҪڳǡ׸ǻһЩ
ҶҲҪȥɳѰҲϣֻٺڵķУֵ̯̻¥󣬻չ򣬱ҵԼҪļζԭϣī̿ƷҺ
һˮҪһǧƷʵī̿һǧƷҺ
īɣ˵ֻڶһϵĲУʵؼӲޱȣʿԶ׷ɽղܿһȭͷֵīɡ
ȡľȼգƳī̿һСԼ糤īֵ̿ʮƷʯ
ҺǱɱ𵤼ޣ֬Լ尾ܵõҺںûĵȽԽߣҺƷԽáһƷ׵Һֵ߿Ʒʯ
ļǮҪҶզ಻ѡ
ڽʿ˵ﱸƳһԪҪĸϣΪ顣Ʒϣǿ
ҶûдʯֻȡʯȥЩĲϡ
ڣʦѾ˽׺;Ž鵤ٺǷ߽鵤ۼͬߵףʮֽΣ·ǮΪɡ
ٺǣҶعȡʯĸɫԭϣȥ˳µĹ
еԭ϶ﱸ׵ҶŽԺңչ
ٺвԪӤʿнʿɵѲάҶסıԺҲн𵤼ʿû˸ٺ£ȫϲõǡ
ҶѹͷϲãҴҽıڿյڣʯţ첼·󷨡
ȻϥͬڵһˮϺԪī̿Һ
һЩƿƿ޹ޣչصıٹȵ䷨ƣϵСƿ֮࣬ϤӴȡ˳
ǴнȱһԪġһ˽ɣɴн彣һ壬ʵϽڡżԿ䣬оĴнڽ޵СҲ֪ǲģ
Ҷ鼤
ϽǲԿ䣬нǿǺʵģ´ͬʱʿΧҲ˿η塣
ܿ񣬽עϡ
ಣ
Ҷģһڣһһˮȡ˳ǰһɴ
һһˮֻˮСĺɫƺһŵĹâɢ΢ļϢҶشķʴ
̶̵һСṤ򣬱ҶظоЩҪϴάڰСüʱڵķһա
ҶȻϤǴʱеľ
ڽһΪԦһ߽׷ɽУһ²ͣЪ;Ʋ䷨һҲ⡣
ͬʱٿ𽣡ҫ⽣˿񳾽ıԪжĻҲԼάִԼһʱҡ
ǣٿССһһˮȴֻά̶̵ֶļʱ
Ҷϸֵ֮ɫ
һˮɣ治֪Ҫôۺֲķʹ˽
ҪԼȫʹ޷һˮһɽɣԼҲòˡǱԽ׹ž࣬Ԫ
Щˣ˵ȻϽ˵нһɣںɨ޵Уôʿ϶ô˽
Ҷ˼䡣ٹô࣬ţһУϷŵһ糤ī̿
һˮī̿ߺһȴݡ
ڷǿмѹ£һһˮŽһī̿ڡ
ҶʱȡһҺָһ
һɫҺڰлһߣī̿ѸٰסţִһС𣬽Һī̿ͬʱȼ
أ
ī̿ȼһҺǻϽͣ׺֡Ҵ˻г־ԡңͬصҽ֮С
ˮ𽻼֮Уһһˮʼ
һ㹤򣬷Ϩī̿Һһմʧ
һˮڳҸ£󲿷ȫΪڿʧֻʣһ˿ȷ˿ϸˮ޷ڰУĺ䣬һҫۡ


447 Ȼ
Ҷزȼī̿Һһˮϵԭϣһȼһ㹤Ϩ֮вµһ˿һˮϲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ϊī̿Һʱԭɫ𣬼ɫҪƽյҲΪͺҡ
׷Ҳܱ˻ں̵ܶʱڷٻ١
˻֮ңȴ޷һˮȫմȥ˾󲿷ң΢ϸľҺ
ҶԷٿһ˿һˮľҺܹĸоһ˿ҺƷҪδһˮ߳ʮ
Ϊȥ˾󲿷ֵңٿһ˿һˮҺҪĵķҲҶصķٿһ˿Һ֮á
ֱʯ
յĻƷʯһ㹤ȥһī̿ҺȥһʮƷʯ֮ࡣ
ˮѣµһ˿Һֻĵһһˮܵȥң
Ҷؽһ˿һˮľҺǸӷϹƿ֮С
ԵϢһ·ִ֮ȡڶһˮԼһСī̿һҺظ֮ǰˮѣ
ٺǱԺıչڣҶطһˮ
һǼ򵥶Ҫġ
ʱոһյš
֮
Ҷؽװʢȫһˮȫ꣬ҺոװһȭͷСƿӣ㹻һһˮ
ˮΣ
һǳؼǽˮϵΪ̬ĺĹؼϸաżϵĲƣܳ˿
ҶϢһգָѵ״̬׼ýʿܺȵƷơ齬ʱ׼ĵľſʼнеһԪһˮ
Ҷɫأ˫һصӡɷӡɵһ⻪С
˸һ䷨â䷨Ĺ⻪ԽԽٱ̬ΪһĽ͡
𣡡
ҶؽСƿڵһһˮȫȡ
ţȻĳһŹ⻪ҫĿĹ⻪ȫһˮҺס仯Ϊˮ
һ⻪һһˮҺѩһ㿪ʼšһС򣬱ʧ
ãֻ½ͻδɣҪ⻪ľ
Ҷâһͺһڳ齬ڷӯ˫ƽĳ񲹳һŹ⻪ָâ
Ҳ֪˶ãһˮҺĲٿ֮£۳һСɽ
೤沼ϸܵ䷨֮˽ɫ󣬸ĺޱȣͬǿգһй󣬼ϡ
ˮΣһԪ
Ҷؽŷɽһ׼õϺԪһСƿȡϺԪСĵˮϵ֮С
ԭĺĽԪ֮ɫʼ͸еϺԪˮΪһ壬ʱĽڰ֣еϢ
ϺԪȻɽϢ
Ҷؿϲʧ
żУδָĳԪֻҪˮϵԪСҶʹϺԪΪ㡣
û뵽ԪȻܹһˮϢȫһľϲ
ҶСǣһˮ
ȴ֪ѾΪؾĿȻ󲨡
δȫ֤ʵСϢ˶ʿڿĽ㡣
һȻǴԼÿſһεؾͨѾڶĳϳ֡ͨԽؾͨʱԼᳬա
һΪĵϢǣѾһ˺ħǲȥİʮʿɵĴӣȥĳС岿䣬Եɺϴؾȴ⵽˼ȫ帲³ֻʮʿų
СϢɽ磬˾Ȼͷŭ
ɽ磬Ϊûս£һΪƽ
Ȼÿ춼нʿΪѰðա˽˶Թ䣬ҲֻżȻô
ɽѾкܾûһʮʿ˴ģĲʧνޱȡ
οЩʿо󲿷ֶɹǲȥĺĵӣɹδҪ޹صɢ޽𵤡
һУû趫ʿȥѰؾӵķӿҪؾر֮ǰҵͨڡ
ΪʿһǳԵĵɽðյķպ෴ġð踶ʧҲζջԽܹʮʿ䣬ؾڱر
ĽʿɵѰؾڡֻЩ̫ңԶʿ޷ϵŻͽκΣȥѰؾ
ٺΪڶˣһʱӿĽʿΪԪӤʿвٳٺǣͼȥؾѰǱʵ


ɽص˷رİ׸ǣԻɹ
ɵϽΪܿ챻Ͻµ֪Ͻ´Ϊ𶯣ϽĺĽʿ˾磬ܵشɹ˵Ǵ¡
ãôˣ˭㣬Ԫһʿ֪ϢҴҴɹڼ˳¶𾪡ŭ֮ɫ
ɫЩ԰ףɿҡҡͷ磬ȥڣҪ
ʿĳݡ
ޣԸҪȥȥȻҪ˵ȥڰɣݴǰɹչңȥϽ
˺ܿıչ⣬֮ͨϢȴ
ȥֶ岿ˣΪһ磬ô£
չڣܿ촫Ͻŵϵ
ĵܹüͷж
ڣҪ
ϸ˵
Ͻţϸ˵Ⱥ岿ľ
һȺʮʿʶӹȺ
ؾͨͨɱؾ
ٵؾŵڣԼǬС
ڣ˴Ľʿ
ҶءˣϧԪһΪСͨ׹ž֮ŴӹŵǬл˳
Ҷءɽأʿɱά֮⣬˵ģ˵Ķˡ
ֻֻɱά飬̫˵ڡЩекܶ࣬ҲֻӲͷƤȥ
ҶأΪϽӳȥˣң
չڣϽĬƬ̣˵ŭΪӳҶҪϺܴϵ
ڻİ;һĻϲѰʿҶΪ˱ҵ˰ȫرںϺ󡣲Ѿ˴нıԪȻʿҲܻӻ


448 һˮɣ
ö˾һչ⡣Ⱥ岿Ḷ́󲿷ֶһһʮϽšҶغܿɱϺСͨ׹ž顣
δۿҶػɱϺֻв²⣬ֻ˵ҶؿɱϺûоԿ϶
ҶСڲŽһ㣬ѾɴнеıԪˣɱϺСͨôģ
չڣܹͳϵԵ΢ȡ
ܹ϶֪׹žħϾͷӵеһСͨһϵڶɽΪ
Ҷӵ׹ž϶ΡǽҼɱ˶ᱦ
ܹδ¡
ħͷڶƽ£ռһ붫̣˭Ҳ޷쵽Էȥ
ΪϽ˱֮λľߣǲϾͷġ
ϽԪɵĴнͬ׽ʿе֡ƥ䣬ܷӳнȫʿȴ١ܰϽС潣ҲһɣպΪԪӤʿкܴΪһСȺԪӤʿϽҲһս˵ԪӤʿ
ɱϺ׹ž飬ܹƺҶرʵ
ϽڣûҶһȫܹӳнȫʿȻҲһ׶׷ɵĴн󣬵Ƿӳʵ
ڣһǳҪ飬Ҫ
˵
ؾĹŵڣһĴͨظţġ
ѹסͷļƽ˵
ʲôظţģ
չڴʧʯźȻ򿪣һʿӱչ˳һϮۣ޻ƺһǳͨʿ
˫Ŀţȴҹеǳһҫ۶Ŀǡ
Ŀ˵ǿңֻԪӤʿе
ʿǰһտޱȵķϢδȫԵʡܿ죬ĿеâȥָΪ֮ɫݡöˡ
ݼڣ
ݡöˣһϽأæߵݡ
ɡؾģϹսظţģ
˹ĵĽʿ϶˹ظţģ
æ˵
ظţںδ
Ÿ꣬ϷʵĲףֲһ䣬˹Ƿؾ
ʵļУظţĻؾĻҪ̸ؾ˹ıԪӤʿߡ
˹ѾؾҶشؾʹϡ
ҡͷ
ҶУ
ܹ¶֮ɫǴϲܺãҶǽظţİȫϽ湦һκ󣬱ȻҲͬйͣҪʲô;ܿڡ
лڣ
Уظţĵ飬ҶضˣЩ֪£
ʱظţĵʿкܶ࣬ʮʿЩ˼ǬڡֻңҶ磬о۱ӽɽ﹬أӳǬ⻹ά磬ͼظţģһͬظţ˹ǵʱһСж
һ߲ԹɫһС˵
ά磬½Ҳǣ𣿡
ܹ΢΢üͷ
ǣά̫ͼ̣ҵءά
ȥҲֻܳڸ˵ʱ¡
Ŷĺܺá
ܹޱĵ˵ͷʶûȤʣɱάġڴͨظţǰһжǸС£Ҳûãɱǵɱǵ
Ϣһö𵤣Ȼȥչػؽھ磡ཱͣ³Ϊʿȡ
ܹȡһöӲӵ鵤ָһ׸
лڣ
ϲֽסöĽ𵤣С˳ϽչңɹԼס׼½ᵤ
ܹԭأ˼һ
ݲҴ
ڵĵ֮ǽظţĴϽұأܾض⵽
ܹһһԵ˵ݶȥ顣
ڷԸ
̴ʿȥҵҶأظţһͬȫػͻϽΪҪ¹ش󣬲˿ʣµԪһţ׸Ȼ˥䡣˱֮λǳ飡ظţҵУԶȡ֮λΪ
ǣڷģһظţİȫشء
һ㰲˷ųϢ˵ϺάˣؾڣΪͨظţģִ໥ɱ
˭ɱ˭ظţ˭УûҪϸ˵Ͼͷ໥ȥɡΪ½񣬶Ͻкô
ܹ˫֣
һݣ֪˵ԭ򡢹ʲôҪҪǵõһϽҪģϽΪĽ
ڣΪʲôظţȥģظţĵϢһĿӺ
סġ۱﹬Ӷ֪£ţĳϢܿᴫȥϢй¶ڱͷŸϢɡպ˵˹ҶصУҲδš
ǣڣ
˹
ظţǴ֮սʧٶȳ֣ƽõĶҪһѪս籩
ܹߺ»صչңȴ֪һΣɱҶʿɱϳȥ

׸ǼΪңԶٺڣһԺУһʿϥ
ĸˣҶԪɽѾβĽ׶Ρ

нһˮϵԪɽһˮɣ֪˽Σ
Ҷزһͷĺ¶ϲɫ
ȫ͸ֵ೤ˮϵɽڰСܹɢǿҼϢķɽΪϺԪеϢҶͨ
Ҷ˫ָһָ
ɽವļҵʯڡ
ڣһ󷨣һʵĻԵֵʿ׷ػνǿ
ˮϵɽйĻġ͡ĵ΢šϢ֮䣬㽫󷨹Ļ˺ѿһ೤Ŀӣ˺ѱֽһɴ䡣
⽣Щֱֲɱε
Ҷһ¿ˮ𾪴ס
ûж÷ɽĹǿһˮܣ㽫һ󷨵ĹĻ˺ѡ


449 
ҶԷٿոɵһˮСһֱеĻΪǿɫоε𺳡
ɣҪʶӡźã
ҶüѨ΢һʶһˮµ䷨УԼеʶӡ
һˮ漴ҶصʶеʶϵȻǧ֮Ҳϵϡ
ǱǿԪӤʿǿʮʶȫĨȥ䷨еʶӡϢһˮǲᱻʿߵġ
Ϣ
Ҷʶָвٿء
ǱڰУ֣͸С̶ӰڣʧȥһټϢ޵ĿС
һˮϺԪøеϺһв˼
Ҷ¶ƵĿϲ
ʹĿʶɨӵֶΣϸѲÿһռ䣬Ҳ޷ҳˮڵλá
Ҷص΢ĸӦɽĴڣɾڵİУȴҶصʶһٿָ
ΪҶصʶѾڷɽһʶӡɽżΪ΢ĸӦϵ
Ҷؿ³һۣȥһǿķָӿ޵ĿС
ţ˫ָһӡ
˲䣬ռ䲨һ£ƺĳ֮˺˿ռ䣬ռĶ
һ˲䣬ڵĺıĻϣһѺۡ
ûκξ춯صľ죬Ҳûκκ˵ơø߽첼µıĻϢ֮䣬ȫ˺ѳ룬ױ߽⡣
һһ࣬ɢżϢ͸ˮĳڡ
ǴнƵһɽ
һˮûнҫ⽣ҫĿâƥûл񳾽غͼʯû˿鶯û𽣵ıҺ档ȴļ֮˲ɱ֮СΪ֮࣬ðΣգȫֵˣ
ҶؽǷһˮһСΪһɳΣıСࡣ
ˮǿҲһԵġȱݡ
Ǿǵһˮж̶ֻܳһ㹤ڷݽߡϴڵľƷ׳ƿٲ䷨Ҳܳʱ
ԪɽȫʹʱǶޱȣֻʹðĹ
Ҷط֮󣬵ó׼ȷʹʱƣеΪź
һӭУսپڰ㹤֮ڽսСľȻ׺Ҳȫһ衣
ԼһΪ̫ͣڷΪޣ޷ʹһˮжھŲ㣬ʱ䶨ܴӡ
ȻҶҲ֪鼱áÿ찴Ͱ࣬鵤ȥΪ
Ѿ֣ȥ복֮ȫԼΪ磬ȡһճԪӤƿΪԪӤʿ
Ҷذ¾ģſ糤ˮ븹ڵУ΢Ԫ
ĵڣľˮԪɽһССн󣬸ɫâ໥ӳŵڵԪ϶ԪƷʽԪƷʡ
ɽ֮УԪΪסнס߽סĸȽסֳסнס߽סĴȽ׵ı׼ȴյԪΪ׼ġ
Ԫ㹻Ԫ»ۣͻƶ֮󣬿ԳΪСͨ
Ҳ˵ҶصԪɽÿһɽ㹻ʱлΪ񡰳Խ׹žһ͵Сͨ˲ɱʿ

Ҷ߳˱չسĸµıլСԺϲáнԪɽѾȫɡٺĴй䣬ûвԭϡ
ΪٺǰѪɫ֮Ĵ󣬾ۼ˴ѰʿԵʣĸ߽ԭϡԭϼ۸ձҪȰ׸ǵһɣͼ۹һЩϣذ׸ǣպõϡ
Ҷڳڽֵ̯йȵǣٺڵĽʿԪӤʿƺЩ쳣Žŵա
Ҷһ£Ժ¥󣬴¥ٺҲΪƽۼڶĽʿύѣϢ
ǰҪЩʲô
ջСӭЦʡ
¥СڵʿЩСǮ
һþƣС˱У
ҶصЦٲ¥Ķ㣬һߵλãһ½󣬰Ȼ¡
ϣ
ջСҴҰһϺõƶϣ⻹м¾СˡЩǴӶϸƳζȣʿ̲Ԫ洦
ҶһƷζȣһϸ
Ǹɽ磬¥֮ĵطǸɽ紫ţݵݵĵطڶʿۼھ¥ڣյһЩɽĴ¡
ȻϢһЩϢȴѸٱ˿
Ԭѣ֪ħ˵Ͼͷ˫⼸ѾмʮೡĽڵӲʮˣ˵ĵͼ۵ӸԼ
ѣ¶ԴҲжš˵ҵĵϵӣؾһ񶷣ɹĳɱʲôȻɹ᣿
ʲôȻ𶫺ظţˣ
ʲôȻͨô£
˵ϾͷĵϵϺؾڷһͨϺȴ䣬Ȿ¸ɵϺֻĵϵά硣ʱһʿؾġϼһҧҵµ֡һڷϣά类ϺˡʺͿˣ˭Ҳ㲻
Ҷһôһ¡
չĸ£ؾͨķ粨ŸոƽϢظţĵĳϢȴĸķ籩ϾͷָԷɱԼĵӣظţġһķ籩ԽԽңӿơ
ˣ˸ħ˸ͷԼڶӴɹǲʿѰϺά˵䣬ͼȡظţģĴͨ
һʱ䣬ɽ綼ΪظţĳϢ𶯣˶֮С
Ҫ֪ظţսĹ֮һ˹Զɽ˵֮£ͬʱҲսѣ⡣
ɽдԣÿ꣬һսҪôֶҪô˽
һʱ䣬һο׵սѾǰ顣ߺʿսʿҲָԪ˫ʿڴ࣬ǿ
ǡظţٶӡ֤սήٵ˵
ʿȻĶһִսڼĽȸȻ
սҲ˵ᷢ
δʮ꣬꣬ʿҲδܴϾս漰̫̫ʿ˭׷ܷġ
ԣʿڸøʲôǸʲôץʱǿʵ


450 С
ҶЩϢ֮࣬ȴɻ󲻽⡣
ظţġɱά飬ֻɽص֪顣ʿǲ֪ġ
Ȼ˷϶ܡΡ˵˭й¶ȥϢ֪ظţĳˡ
ɻǣŸʵ̫ˡ
ѾڸסݱϺά֮ĶɱϾͷµħ˺µ罻
ҶضԶɽ˽٣Ȼ֪˭ڰвݾƣ˲ˡ

Ҷѹסͷ𾪣ͷϸϸƷƣ˼֮С
ظţޱȵĴͨһʹеĶռڡʵǸܳռظţĵġ
;ͷڶɹʿǲĽʿѰظţĵ䡣ԪӤ棬Ҳͼȡظţġ
һ֪ظţУ֪ôġ
ҵĶƣ˵ʮΣա
þϽظţĽϽŲźáȻ鷳ҲϽȥš
һ˾¥棬СۿˣҪҵҡ
¥棬ʹӴӣһ¥⡣ǽʿƺݡ
⣬ʿһߣϱ׳Լһӣں󣬳¥ٳ
ҶظеʶɨԼʱһݣĿ⳯ȥ
СӣȻˣٺ˺ü£ڰˡ
ϱ۵׳Ҷŭɶŭ𣬡ӹҪһѪǰ㣡
лϵܣֵҵҡϵܳҵһ֮ºгл
߳Ǻ˵
ҸֻСһ׮֣ǻȰѳˣͷǺȾƣһվꡭӦʰҾͲس˰ɡ
æȻ¥ȥֻ˵ĳңֻһ𵤳ʿʱĸвΪȻΪʤȯա
겻ɢ⼸ѰʿȻƣǰһڲˡ
ҶͷһŭЦ
ɱңû£
ҶһΣ¥ʧų־¥ɸߵĿУĮĸ·Ѱʿӡ
ϣ
ߣϱ۵κ׳ӣɫɷףȻŭ׳׷Ԫһ𳯰еҶɱ˹ȥ
ٺطЩ⣬ʿ֮࣬ءԳѲ߶ӡ˽˶Թ
ֻҪʿ¥󣬱ǵʿͺáԵĽʿҲ˽֮Ķ֡
¥ڣи¥󣬽ֵڶĲӣټơǧƵʿʿ֣ȻкΨֲҡ
һЩԪӤʿҲ¥ڣµĿ֡
𵤳ʿΧһ𵤳ʿⳡû̫Ψһֵǣ⵽ΧĽ𵤳ʿƺη塣ΧʿڽţµİΧȥ
սپûǼ
ҶĿſһ¡
ľˮСἤΪ޽⣬âĹ⣬â棬ӳҫĿ쳣
н󣬽󣡡
Ҷһȣָһһ
Ȼ˿֮죬﷽Բ㱡
˿һɫ⻪𽣡𽣣âǣڣ﷽ԲĿһƬ𺣡
𽣼һɫ⻪л񳾽񳾽âǣΪһʮɵΡ޽ʯ
񳾽һɫ⻪нҫ⽣ҫ⽣âǣͬһСһ㣬ɽĿ޷ֱӡ
ҫ⽣һɫ⻪һˮһˮĹⱩǣһɿµļϢ﷽ԲɿµϢʿѹĲ̧ͷ
һˮٶȼһ⻪˿
нԪɽӳһ壬γһյѭһɷɽ֮伲ϢԴԴϡ
ҶԼе˼飬ٿÿһԪɴн֮󣬽ѭĵķȻͣٿǳɡ
ϵԪɽ
ֵϣʱʿľ
ܵнѹڽʿҲȻ𺳡
ģܲٿϵͬԪӳǿʿӵԣȻ˽ھ磡
𾪣𾪡
¥ڣвԪӤʿʶ󣬷졣
ȻϽĴнˣȱĴн󣡡
ųƽ޵еĴнѾкüǧûгֹû뵽Ȼڴ˵ؼӽ𵤺ڣڽҲûĶ֡
ô
Ȼ󲿷ֽ󣬶ȡ֮һĲϣƶɡľ󡭡ȵȡܹƽ󡣽ܹľ˵ıȻ
ǣȫĽܹеĽĹܹнķΨһ󣬶ҲƵĽ
Ҫ뷢ӳнȫʿʿչɽӸʿһ򲻱ã֮·ΪѡһսԵޱȣǰ;޿
û뵽ӾȻΪʿϽĴн󡣴ϽʿĵϽĵӡһ֮󣬴ԪӤʿٵõС潣󣬿Ͻʢ⡣
ϽԵǳȻǱӣһ
ⳡӱʤ
ڸ¥ڣԪӤʿֵۣڶʿʿ𺳵ʱ
ľ󣡡
ӡ
âɽ
ߣ׳һٿϵľϵˮϵĶ׷ԪգʩչҶһ¡
ҶһӣнѾѰʿѹ
ľ׵壬ŽӴһ⣬ʮɵľľʱ⡣
âɽһâһģĲ֪ȥ
ӡâѹסá
ţҽУߣϱ׳ʿ档⵽شˡ
ŸոտʼҲǼĹ򡣹ȻǺ
⡫
ڽֵϹսӣɫѿҶصֶΣлҪǿȻ䣬ƨ˻һ㣬쬵Χ۵ʿȺżʧ
ٺǳ䶯һʱһ𵤳ڶ𵤳ڡʿһսʤսνԵ˼㡣
Ҷɨ˲ѰʿֻͨѰʿѣʵ΢ǻҲû
Ҷɨ˽ֵ𾪵ʿʿһۣΪһ⣬ǣȥ


451 Ͻ
֮ҶؼԦϷɵֶǣ׸ǡ׸Ϊǣ˳ǹģ󷱻ӵڶպɹۼʿڣԶٺǡ
ǾҶز׸ǵͬʱѾϽʿֳ֡յϢСƬ֮󣬱ҴҴһȺϽӡʿӭҶء
Ҷֵܣ⼸ȥʲôط˴ǰִֻӻȴӰʮֵģҴűĴѰҡȴһֱҲ䣬ǼΪˣͺãͺð
ݴҶصǰץҶصұۣͫѪ˿Ʋסļ
λһĶŵϽϵӣ⼸ѰﺣҲҶص䣬겻ɹԸ񣬱ܼ尾˿Ե÷㲡
ڼҶأ˷ܵĹ˲ƽʱˡ˵ҵҶأΪϽɹ´һ
֣һ·ʿľٺǣⵢ˼µʱ䡭ùֵˡ
Ҷ΢΢һдżֵǸ⡣
Ҷֵܲö˵ȥ˵ɡɹ㣡æ֣ŸոջسǵҶأҴҸϽ
ϽʿݡҶضˣڽֵϺƺƵڵϽɹȺɹʿУڰ׸˾ռߵ飬Ϊ档
ݺҶضˣ붫ϽɹСʮ̻ԻͣϹʡһҪʱڴ˵ʿ
ڶϽʿڶ棬ŹķԸ
ݼڣ

ݺҶضֱܹ
ö񡣡
ܹһϮ˿ۣ˫֣ڴ֮ϣƫƫԵȻֺ롣
ҶؼϽĴ࣬λܸһֵصĸоȣʥʵĳȻͬ
ݶҲ˺ü£ȥЪϢɡһ飬ҪҶ̸̸
ǣڣ
΢΢㵡û뵽»ҪرܡݲҶ룬漴˳
Ʒɴˣ
ܹߺҶأɫȻ㳲ŭƺһнƿ֮Уɲζ
ˣ
ҶصȻ֪˵ʲôֻҪصϽɹһбضָơһ䴢ڣųһ޴ϵսģһڴм䡣
ظţļʮɳСռˡ
˹һ֣һǿɱ֮Ͻɹ
ϽȺʿ׷׺Ȼʧɫ֪ɿֲɱӺζ
ڣܹ漴һӡڵϢȫס
ţܹĿⶢظţģ˺һɫءԪӤڵΪʵҲȥظţΧŸţͷۡ
ͻȻִ̧ܹ֣һɴִǿᷨظţģͼԦŹġ
ۻķڹϣϵظţķֳɫâɱϢʤ֮ǰʮ
ҶڵڣѹѹĴ
ϧԲܹķţ뺣δԹʲôá
ȷǶɽʧµĴͨظţġ⸱ظţģһԪӤʿ޷ġȻԪӤʿҲҪʮʿģ졣һ죬ԲǧﷶΧڣᱻ֣ԻӰ졣
ܹϲȵ¶Цݡ
Ҷԣʱզࡣ
ȻǧﷶΧҲֲ̫˵ɣ
ҶȻ֪ظţļΪ£ǴûȻ˵Ŀֲ
ȻǽʿҪɳǧﷶΧҲҪóĹظţĵĹһ죬ԪӤʿҲѹӰķΧ˹ܹͷųΧ
ȻظţģϹսʱڣΪպĴ֮ͨһɥеʿ߽ޡߡʿʤظţĵľŸţͷУޱߵѪâѹɥڴ˹еԹʮظţۣ޷ѹס˵Թ
ܹ˵
ҶȻ֪Щ
ֻϧ˹ĵĹѾ𻵣ûеڶظţƤԶԴ˹Ľ޲ͨѾ޷죬ֻʣţ۵ѹԹ֮Ч
ЦݺܿصҶأΪϽ𵤶ӳ֮󣬱Ӧ̷ɹϽΪγٳĸ֮󣬲ŷɹǶԱ
Ҷ΢΢һ⻰ʵķǳͻȻ
һݣܿĿ⣬ؾظţ֮;ΪѰʿľò˷ֵȥٺǡٺȥĸ¡һɣ̸ϻذ׸ǡ
ЩֻдǶѣ
꣬ޱ飬˵Ȼ˦Ѱʿٺǣô˳ص׸ǣҲһ򵥵顣ص׸ǣһһҪٺ
ǣȴƫƫѡٺţһ㳤ĸ¡Ϊ˱ܿѰʿΪֻһӡٺǴ֮ãԭֻһǾ㻹޷Ͻ
кǳɣ𶫺ĴͨظţģԲԣ᲻̫ˣ
ĿҶأҶ΢΢̾Ȼˣ֮ԳɣҲȫ㡣˹ĵĹ⣬㣬ɽ磬ⶼһС¡һλɹԪӤʿظţģǣΪ˱Ļؽ֮һıԺʮ֮һʿλνޱȵ٣ȨޱȵӴǽظţģ׸δ˱ޱĹѫΪ̨ȻõԼڶվסŸ
⣬㻹ڵģ׳˴˹ûΰסظţģ᲻ᱻǿԪӤʿߣҪǹıʿˣױľٶɾ͵ڰ׷ѹ򡣻ʵǿԪӤʿױҲٻܵһ顣ԣһֱȷǷѴ˹ĽպΪ˵ı
ˣһۣٺǴ˳ĸ£һһĥе˳㿴ϽʲôӦٺǾĸ£ǵĲˣҲˣŷذ׸ǣ׼׳
ͷ֮ǰԥЩʲôȻظţģΪϽѫ㡣
ܹ٩٩̸˿˵һԼ޹ϵ飬Ҷٺפĸ²ŷذ׸ǵԭһ
ֻñЩǣʲôԭ¶˾ķذ׸ǣ˹Ľ
Ҷ޷ŵܹ𾪵ȫ˵ȫûϵλܹȻһ¾͵ٺͣĸµ⡣
ܹ˵ЩеС㼸һ
Ҷز¶ЦԭΪԼĵˮ©û뵽Ͻ֮һ
˵ĲҵȷΪЩԭٺǴĸ£ŷذ׸ǡ֮ԻΪУҪõһȥ˹֮⣬ûܹҡ
Ҷسһ£Գܹ˵ЩɱλıޱȵϽѶȷһĸߡ
˵ֻϽĿʿϽΪԭݲ˱ǡɽ磬еǵط
ŶʲôƷǵõɣ



452 Ͻ
ż򡷵ƪС潣
Ҷ˵
ż򡷣
ܹһ£¶ɫȻû뵽ҶػҪϽġżƪС潣
Ͻɵ䣬ϽϺĵӣôڴ˹żȻΪҲȨΥ˽Խɵ䴫ڸϵʿϽĳϻᣬضᲵءѧ˱ɵ䣬ձ׷ɱףžɵ⴫
ǣѾСż򡷵ƪн󣬹Ǻ֪𣿵ǹûἰΥ֮¡
Ҷ΢΢һܿɻʵ
ⲻͬ
ܹҡҡͷϽУһ½ɽ磬״Ӽ̳УЩӶΪʿһڶɽϽɹĵϵѪ׵Ӽ̳Уϵӡ
ѧġż򡷣Ǵ½ɽãԲΥϽɹĽϽɹ֮ԻϽҲΪѧһĴУϽɹԵϽ׽ʿɹҪż򡷵ƪҲڸ㣬ȴΥ
ûбͨ𣿡
ҶزɵЩ޷ϽõżѵҪ½ȥҡϽż򡷵ƪɣãã󺣣ʿҲҪһأһ̫꣬ķʱ䡣
ͨñ룡
ܹڴⲽ˼һͻȻʲôҶصɹһ棬ǱĳϣȨеɵ䣬⡶ż򡷡ңɹϲϵӣϽڵʿҲܳΡ
õżƪΨһ֪벻Ͻĳϣ
ϣҶؾ㵣Ͻĳϣ
Ҿ˵ɹϻᣬͬΪϡ˵ףϽһ״ӣһǵϵᣬϽĴС½һӺݣΪϵĻżƪ飬һ˳ˡ
ңܷΪɹϣ̶ܴʿΪɹµĹѫΪġΪϽȡظţģµѫй֮޲ȫʸγϡ
Ҷԥһ£ɻʵ֪ϽĳϣƽʱЩ˾ְ
Ͻɹʱ̡ܶҲŸռϽɹʶִ岿ȥˣϽ񣬼һ֪
Ҷؿɲ뵱ϳ֮Ϊɹ۱
Ͻĳϣλڹ֮£Ȼ磬ƽʱְֻƹɹϻᡣϽĳϻᣬȨƼȫ峤һͬ£Բعκ⣬Ҳóֱн𵤡ʿȥִ
ϽĳϣͨԪӤʿΡϽɹĿǰһλϣԪӤʿΪɹ¹ͬ͡ĻܳΪλϣҲϽΨһһλڳϡ
ܹΪĵĸҶؽ͵
Ͻλ϶ԪӤʿ
ҶССĳһ¶ɫҽһΪȻΪϣҲָӲϽ𵤸߽ʿԷڰ
ΪҪպǡ˵ĴнӦÿ˰ɣֻҪ˽𵤾Ų㣬Դн󣬱Ͻнʿķڷ㿼һ°ɣֻҪͬ⣬ȥ֪ͨϽϻᣬΪϽ峤ϡλϣҲᷴ
ܹЦ
Ҷؿ˺һڶ˵ƱûпɽϽ⣬ֻպڱΣѣڹԮľء
ΪϽĳϣϽɹǿӲĺ̨ʱܵϽĽʿպڱҲûǸʿ
аɡϽϣҲķѾȥϽ񣬴չΪճԪӤƿ
ҶԥһڵͷӦ
ģϽλϣҲǳչأרޡϽشΣϼٻ
ܹҶشӦɴá
˫ĺ顣ҶسϽ峤һְûлκαǮ£һλǱǰ;ĽʿҶ˴нպܴΪһԱսǿĳϡ
һ£λһ¡
ܹڴϣȡĵһָָɿдһЩּϽɹҡ
һϽɹڣɻĵ
Ѿλˣλϲδ顣ѾϽ峤ϡһöƵġżƪ⣬滹бһЩĵãһɡ
ܹĵ֮¶Ц⣬гһö򣬻Ϊһӫ⣬Ҷء
ҶһӣöץУȻʶ̽ȥ
һҶص¶ϲɫȷʵǡż򡷣öһֱ޷õϽڵˡ
л
ҶĽС
нѾǧûɣС潣һɣֻܷ֮ȾϽġнС潣󡯵޵ܾúܾûڶֹϣУܹԶ
ܹ΢΢̾һ£ŵ
ЩظţĵҪԱȫһΡһݡż򡷣ԽµĹѫñ룬ٸһЩʲôɣɹӦƷ׵Ʒ׵鵤ÿʮöԼƷʯÿʮ飬ֱ𵤾Ų۷ΪֹЩ⣿
Ҷص˵ͷЩ̫⡣Ϊʦȱ鵤ʯá߽鵤ƷʯЩȫڰ׸ǵķеõ
ȻܹҪҲӶࡣ
ܹƺûЩǷҶأҶʦֶ㻹ҪƷܸڡͻԪӤƿ֮ʱһֱ֮࣬ӽҶسƺΪ׽ֶ
лʱҲȱʲôպҪҪɣ
ҶصȻ˵
ܹ˵ҪͻԪӤƿҲֻ˵˵ѣҶزδ档
ʿҪͻԪӤƿôģԪӤʿԸɹİҲ΢΢
ĻɽԪӤʿҲϡ١
ϽλϣǼΪ֮¡ȷԸȥ⼸׼һ£ټϽԪӤʿʿʿһʢ䡣
ܹ˵ͷ˵

գϽţõϵټȫϽʿɹﱸ䡣
֮ϽǧƵʿյټ׷״ӶظϻƼϽɹһʱ䣬ַǷ
Ͻټ´£ԪӤϵʿ˱صʿ⣬󲿷ֶϽ
ԪӤʿλԼĴϡʿһʮλʿǧʿδټԲơ
Ͻʿ֮⣬ڵķԸ⻹˶ɹ֤¡ɹ׷ǰ׽ɹɵϵ̳ˡϣǰɹҲɹҪԱǰ


453 Ͻʵ
ݰź֮£ɹܹһһϸ
š
ܹ֮˵ͷɫȣޱⳡϵϽ棬ܳӴɹͣҪСأʱǰϽҶؾϽ峤һ¡
ǣ
Ҫˣȴһ£˵Լеɻ
ڣҶسϽ峤ϣǷ׵ȻǱߣҲΪϽѫվŽһΪ̫һЩһ֪պܲܳΪԪӤʿ޷ΪԪӤʿȴλϽһְɹڶ
ҹδʽҶسϽ֮¡ҶĽһλԪӤʿϽ峤ϣǿɹʵ
ԪӤʿҪôɹʿҪôڶΪһɢۣôױɹ
ܹҡҡͷ
Ԫʣ޼ӱĴλ£Ҳʮ֮ڵ顣
ڱʸʶ˱λɹָ࣬ͷĹڻı¡
꣬ϽĵλӰڱϡ֮һɹѾ򰵣Ͻˣʾֱ֧α
ʣһҵɹھ岻ûȷ֧ѡЩɹڹ˭лôλⳡ䣬ҲܿЩɹǷб䶯
Ͻʮڣһǿʵ׼ȡλ
Ҷɹṩ鵤ʯ̵ܹʱڳΪھŲʿ֪СżƪصıԪɽò˶ܹ꣬Ĵн
ھŲ㣬ټϴнʵȻ޷ΪԪӤʿҲڽںɨ޵УȫֵϰԪӤʿá
ڲ£ΪϽĸؽպ۷壬£ҲδЧţ㲻ضԡ
ǣڣ
ݼѾ΢΢һ̾Ҳûٶ˵ʲô˳ϽɹΰϽ
ʱѾϽʮɹһټƵĽʿǧʿֱƼڴϽ⣬۷׷ףɻ󣬲²ϽټǰϽͼȻҲһЩĵʿûĵãȵȡ
ЩʿУϳɣΪߣӢ䲻ʿףò绨ŮʿӽھŲ۷ʿһʿС
ϽڣһǣһСȺʮʿŮۼһ
ݻϡɳʷϵıʶϽϺˣһǽʿڹڵĵλߡ
ݸ磡
֣
ֶ
СȺʿһݵΧȥ׷к곤ףݶһ̬
ݵ츳ߣˮ˫ϵʿһ꣬ȴѾǽΪأдɹӵȷ緶ҲأϺĵӣϽɹһϵ̳ˡһΪԪӤʿδϽȻ
ݸ磬Ǻ£ڽǻعһѾ˽Ҫͷ̫ܵõʱ䡣
һòԼʮӢӣɻ󲻽ʵ
СҲںɱһͷ߽׺ޡͻȻӵɹĽټȴʲôû˵СҲò;˵ޣ̸˻ʧٿƷʯ
ʮϵӣ׷׳ԣݣϣܴݵĿеõһЩʲô
˴ģټɹʿֻڼΪ¡ص²ŷΪ١ɹĳλʿΪԪӤʿ¹εȵȡپϽͷŻټȫʿɹ
ǣʱϽڲ飬ҶɽҲƽ˾Ҳûʲô·ϵʮɻ
Ͻɹܿ콫е峤ϡ
ĵ˵
˭
ĪбɹͻԪӤƿԶ֮λ
Ǵϲ°λң
ǣôû˵λּͻƾ簡
ϵ𾪣ŷ׷״ϲ׷ʡ
β˳ΪϡҲüһڳȻ˭ǱȥӴһ¸ɹĹһ£æ
ҡҡͷҶΪϽ֮£Ҳ̫⣬ȻѾ˾ֻӡ
ݲϵӵľȲ⣬ڴѰˡҶءյҶأȱɲС˵ҶϽˣȴûпӰ
ʱ򣬿һͨʿһصŮӣǳϽſڡ
ǱˣҶغͻʸˡ
ҶصպŹ̸֮󣬱Ӱ׸ǵĴֱӷ˻복ͻʸֱã޶Ȼö˵
ҶֵܣҶˣǿˣ
ĿһϿ첽ӭȥǺЦڶᵺϼҶغͻʸһ֣ͬȻϳ˻ʸ
֣˵仹мչұȻһ鵺һЩ˽־úˡ
ҶعЦ
֣
ʸֻվҶ࣬΢΢ףδԡ
޷ԭҶֵǻɵȥˣѹ⼸նҶֵܵӰλܿͳˡ
Ц
Ҷصĵ˵ͷͻʸһֵͬϽ
ϽڣϽɹɹƼĽʿڶ࣬ӭҶغͻʸ𵤳ʿɸе죬׷׵²ԭ
ҶĿɨʿͬ𺳡
ֱ⼸գϽɹۺʵڱӵжôӴӰΪʲôŹģʶ֮һıλ
ϽɹӵжλԪӤʿʮλʿǧʿʿơ
ۺʵҶ𶯡
Ҫ֪½ɽ磬Ҷس൤ţҲŰλ档Ѿɽ˴󶥼ɴ֮һ
ϽɹǽʿаʮλһϽɹĽʿɽ˴ɼҪࡣ
οϽɹӵλԪӤʿ
ڶɽ磬ÿһλԪӤ棬ʸԽɹ£һ׷ĽʿռһƬȺΪһǿʿ
һϽɹĴڣλǿ档
ʵɹڶԲ
˵ϽɹڶϵɹʵŹ츳ΪڣԪﵽԪӤΪǾ˱֮λԪӤʿ֮һ
Ҷ⼸Ҳ˽˸Ķ
ϽɹĽʿϵϵӡϵʿԼͶϽɹʿȺʿɡ
ݡȵȣϽϵϵеٮٮߣǱʼã츳ߣԪᣬٶ죬ϽĶϽ𵤵ӣռϽɹ߳ɰ롣
ݡϽϵϵʿģϽսʿռĶɡ
ҶʿûкͶϽʿռĲɡڼɡ
ϽĹֻϵϵӳΡϽûκƣϵϵӡʿʿֻҪΪϽµĹѫ󣬱ܹΡ߳ΪԪӤʿֱӽϡ
ҶȻûгüµĴ㡣ĿǰһΪϽɹһɽʯڶɽվȽŸкܴĺô


454 ִơս
Ҷػ˴ڽʿһȦѹе𾪡ڵϽʿȻ࣬ϵüûн顣
ڣڳϽĽʿ֮⣬һЩɹ͡
Ҷغܿ㷢֣ɽصȼλʿҲڴڡھŲʿǽʿɹĺĵӣʸڴڡ
ҶرŻʸһȥк
Ҷ磬ǻˣ
Ҷ֣²СܿǵޱȰ
СüҶ硢Ҷˣ
˼Ҷس֣׷¶ϲ֮ɫǰ
һ˫Ķڻʸϡ
ϽɹĵӣɫŮ츳ΪڣƽռΪڻʸǰȴûа
ɫ̬ʸһϮذѣɫݣһݳΪʸΪչ٣Ѿ˽ڶ㡣
촽аζ
ʸƺĿеֻЩֵһۣΪӵĿ⿴Լ
Ҷûע⵽ʸ״˻ΪɫЩȻϴȥؾСλΪΪֻԼһ˶ȻⲻԵɵģδܱȫ˵ΪȴмΡ
Ҷ粻õ˵Ϊϴ壬Ǽ˶˴󹦣ɹ˽𵤣˴ĲòһأҵȱطΪøõ鵤պԪӤƿ
ͨ⣬ҶɫȻ˸У԰ο
Ǿͺãֻλܹһؽ𵤡鵤ãҡΪʦûУ鵤㹻࣬͵ԭǡǽ𵤣ֻҪԭϣҲ԰
Ҷص˵ͷοЦЦ
Ǽ𵤡ʿ
Ҷŵ֪Ͻɹ﹬۱ѾǼ˽ڣֹἰؾڵκ飬ֹй¶Ϣ
﹬۱ϽĴͳѣһϽϵУ֧Ͻȡ˱λ
ܹǰЩȥһ̸ɹҲ˵Э顣Ǽɹĵӣڶѡ
ڴͨظţĵֻЩˣмɹ߲ԪӤʿ֪Ļ顣
ĸҥɣʲô˵Уܹ׷鵽ࡣ

˴ԼʱֵϽͻȻһ¶ڽʿƺʲôԼͬһͨĿ⹧ɫùޱȡ
ֻһϮϵϽɹţӴ˳ǰеģ뷢԰׵ߣԼһλ
ܹߣׯصϽɹɵıŰ˱ֱķɽصĽ󡣿ߵϵɹǣȻϽλϡ
ԪӤʿһʿʱеһϢӴѹ⣬ǲ˿
Ϊ߽ʿǿпסѹ
ЩЩΪ͵ʿȴѾֽŲͷľ塣ԪӤʿ֮ɢѹ˵̫ˡ
ҶӲͷƤǿѹĿȴɿĴϽϡ
ϽĴϵΪȻޱȡΪ͵ԪӤڣΪߵһϣȹΪһЩӦԪӤߡ˲㡭òƶϣֻʣµԪƺˣԪӤھŲ㡣
Ҷа
ܹ˵ڽʿһۣȺеҶ֮󣬳Ҷص˵ͷʾһ¡
Ҷף̿첽˴̨ס
ܹһӣһһѤĹȦڣ⴫
ָָܹҶأ༸λЦӾҶˣϽһϵؾڶظţģ´󹦡
Ĵ϶ǳμҶأĿ˿̶ͣҶصϡ
Ҷأλϣ
ҶæĴʩ
λϷ׷׵ͷЦ⡣
ǺǣȻϽĴУǱԼҵֶˡҶСֶϷһ£Ϸ̫ϳܺ裬һϽڵϽϻƳϻᡣ
ơȵȡ
飬ơɵ伮ڡȵȡ
ĳأơ̷͡ȵȡ
ӽ֮Ͻ峤ϡէϽϣһ򵥵˾ְϷ룬ִơսˡ
ĴϵΪ׵̫ϳܺ裬ɫüĿͳҶЦʲô֮
ֻǲ֪⡮սָЩ棿
Ҷɻʵ
ڡµӣбĳսʶӵĳսֹҲ˵ϽССս£㷢ս㲻սκ˲ó㷢սΥ
Ҷضʱ׹ΪҲǳΪϽӳϽƣʶǰֶ岿䡣
ϸεľȡ
ϽȨλأڹĵλЩƣɹ֮С񶼱ϸ˾ְˣϽ˾ְʲô
ڣ̫ϳܺƺҶصƣű⿪Ҷеɻ
Ȼ˾ְǳչ಻Թ£ǴѡҪĵӴ˾ְЩӴ˾ְƽҲóɹþĴСǳϾõӴ²ףʱѡƹսҲָڵӴ˾ְ
ֱƹɹеֻǸ˾ְĵѡȴɸλָģǹָġ
˵˴̫ϳܺͻȻҶأЦ
пǾãһϵǾĻӰɹĴС񣬴ֱ˹Ȩƣ
Ҷغʵĵ˵ͷ
Ǻǣʮϰףɹڲȡþ⣬ùκһȨǿ޷ƺ⡣ɹûκƺ⣬ħˣһжɹͷһ˶Ǭ
˺ħ˵飬Щ˽⣬ϷȲ˵ˡ
̫ϳܺɫЦϽɹڶ꣬ǳ˵Ͻ֮⣬Ҳδһλ˱
ҶСֶظţĴϽɹΪϽɹһصĴͨ˼ͨϽɹٳҶСֶС˴ƸΪϽ峤ϣǽΪϽɹµĹѫ
꣬ͻȻʵϽҪɵ䣬ƹܡ˵ҶСֶҪż򡷵ƪС潣󡯵ô˵ƪнӦÿҪ˰ɣ
нԪѾɣҪʱ
Ҷزδ
λϽԪӤϣԡż򡷵˽˳ңûʲôպÿθõн
ʲôѾɣ
ĴϣǳһҶزŽһΪѼѵġżƪصԪˣҲ̫˰ɣѶȿɷһĸߣͨĽһʿһԪѾܲ


455 ս־
ҶСֶ˵ϵ֪ÿһϵǱʸǶ٣
̫ϳܺɫȣʵ
ϷоһǱʱʶȴ鿴һ£
ʩ˫ͫһɫ⻪Ҷɨ
ҶضʱоԼƺۿһ㡣
Ŀй⻪ܿȥɷ̾ȷϵÿһϵʮϣаʮϡϵҵһδʲôɾ͡ϽϽȴǼޱȵԣܹӳн
ÿϵߴʮϣ˾⣿
ܹλԣʱ¶ɫ
ǵȻϷоԽʿȻĲ̫׼Ҳ˾ŲʮҶСֶǶ٣
λϵľɫɣɹЦǿĶϵϽɹɽϽǱʣҲ˶ѣ
ҶŹλϵۣͷƤ飬оԼǳͯһȺðĸ߽ʿ˵ܱŤ
һʿֻ߲ܲľ׼ұ֮ڽв˺֮ڴĸţ߶ⲻ׼
Ҷÿһλʿ˵ԼǱʣⶼǻܡ
ΪÿһĲ࣬ζһ㾳ĺʱͬϵķԣѡؼԼչٶȣ׶ԡ
Ǳе֪ԼǱʣܹеĽչԼС١ٵ׼ȷʱ䡣
һץסʱڶɴСʱ⵽ϮǼΪΣգ顣
ҶõԼȻһĿһȻĿĲ׼ȷƫ˶ʮǱʡ
ҲҶͷƤ飬е
ǺϵȷʵÿϵʮҡΪʿʱ¶Ǳֻ̫֪һǶ١
ҶӲͷƤɫĹά
ȻʮϰɣоǱʱʶм׼ͷġ
ΪԼҶصǱʣԵõĹЦ
ˣɹıͲൽ룬̫ϳǲҲҶСֶϽ³һˣ
ܹЦ

ϽĴϺҶ̸ʱ򣬴ڽʿĿһҶأɧһƬ
Ͻγϵѡѵһʿ
С˭ôδ˵
ʵˣҲ׷¶ɫֻ֪ϽɹҪᷢȴ֪ҶؼϽλϡ
ܹĴϺҶ̸꣬ڵǰվڽʿž
⣬ɹλԪӤʿΪҲϽڣ֤¡
λϷϽϻݣʽҶسΪϽ峤ϣΪϽϻԱִơս˾ְսһӣÿ
̫ϳܺ轫һĹϽƣ͸Ҷء
Ҷɫ֣ص˫ֽӹƣٹͷʾڣʽΪϽλĳϡɫȣʿȥ
ɣ
֮ǰĲ²⣬õӡ֤ڽʿʱȻ
ϽɹĽʿڹɹԪӤʿס
չϰףɹԪӤʿΪϣ⡣Ȼмٵ⣬ҲǽھŲ۷ʿԪӤھһ֮ң
ϾΪɹĳϣȨλأʵĸ߽ʿ޷ڡ
Ͻεĵ峤ϣȻһλССĽ𵤳ʿֱǰδ֮¡
Ͻʿкܴ󲿷ֽʿδҶصţڽ֮ǰδҶء
С˭̫ϳôһڳʿϽ峤ϣִơսҪ˾ְ
ɹĳϣһֻԪӤڲʸ񵣵Ρʲô£Ȼλӳ֮λԪӤڲУ
УСӲŽһΪҲ̫̫ˣҶͣɹڵľ󲿷ֽʿ͡Ӳ
̫ϳϣ򲻿ɰϽδдý𵤳ʿγϣ
ڵĽʿǣ֮
ʿӦΪң׷վ˳Էԡ
ɲǿЦȨأܳͷЩϽ𵤵ӡ
ЩϽʿôܸһʿһһʿΪϣվЩϵĽСʿͷϣΪʩ
ǾԲġ
Ͻսʿ׷װϲδ֡ҶسΪϣҲմ⡣
̫ϳϣ򲻿ɰϣ뼫ΪأôýһʿγϣҪǴȥ⵽ɹЦ
ջس
ܹۼϽϽ𵤵Ƿ׷վԣ΢üͷϵڻʿԣû뵽Եô
ҶؽظţĴϽǾ֮£ֻɹ߲֪󲿵Ľʿ֪Ҷشظţĵ飬ȻΪʲôͻȻҶΪϽɹ峤ϵľ
֮ǰɹλΪҶعѫԳΪ峤ϡֻĹѫܹڣɹظţĵĿӣʮ鷳ֻĽڣҶسΪϽϡ
ྲҶϽһĵӣΪһϽĳϣһӴ˲ֱ˴ˡϵȻбϵĵ
̫ϳܺͳȵŭ
ڣɲʱѻȸɧʧ
û˸Ҵ̫ϳϵùͷ̫ϳϵȨǲɵġֻ̫ϳȨϣ޷ԣҪ˵ͨʿˡ
ڣɹͳйڵӲԶԳϽսҪսҶСӣķպȥϽɹ
Ͻ𵤵ӵУһЩɵ꺺ӣ޾ɫͦվ˳
̫ϳܺ費üͷꡣ
Ҳεҡҡͷ
ǿڳԵĽ𵤵ӣĵϵܴ䣬Ͻɹڳͷ࣬츳ߣЩɵ㶣ççײײ̫ϳҲҶײ
̫ϳܺȻܸܴͷһƽϣƳҶһۣȻ֪Ҷ˴нҶصʵ˵ʮ㡣
̫ϳܺ跴յӲȻԶԳսչսֻͬʿս߳Ϊʿ֡˭бսʤҶСֶսǣս
Ź༸λǲɰһϵһ仰ڽ𵤵ӵսҵĲ
ڣڵʮϽʿʱɵۡ
ΪҶΪЩͣŽڳһ㡣
Ǿ󲿷ֶڡڣҶصΪԲֻܳ֡ͬǽһʿս
ǣĽʿֻ˶ѡ
ЩϽʿԼΪߣ۸һҶأû뵽ȫ졣
ҶСֶǷս
̫ϳܺ裬תͷҶʵ
Ȼҽܵκһλ𵤳ʿս
Ҷص˵һģ
ͬʿսӦˣôϽĳϡȻͳ϶սĳЩϵǺܱҪġ
Ҷһ㣬ƾպʮɣ롣
ҫ⽣˿һˮ𽣡񳾽н󣬼
ſ³Сתۼɫâ䣬Ϊݵľ޽յΧһһĴн
˭ս·㡣
Ҷֿشн쳣侲ŵֵĽʿ
нֻһСʵôнϽԼ
ڣڽʿסžһɲǣٶ֮С
ģϵԪн󣡣ϵҲûһɵģôˣ
ϽļҪսϽ𵤳ڵһɫˡ¶η壬ûһǰ
ΪϽϵӣϲϽĿұ¡
нҪΪ̣һɣǿޱȵĽ󡣡
ȻϽϵӣҲȥн󡣱Ͼɲ˭ϵʺнĸģǵϵ󣬱ˮϵϵ󡢽ϵľϵ󡢻ϵȵȡûϵȴǿнԷӳʮ֮һ
κһϵ󣬶޷ʹнп⡣ноȫǿҵЧӦԿƽľˮеϵ󡣶ϵûЧӦˮϵֻܿԿƻϵȴֱϵƣ޷󡣡
СӡҶСɴн󣬱ضϵʿϽǧĴн󣬿Ҫˡѹֹͳϻ£
ǰڿҪսֵĲɿϽ𵤳ڵӣ᲻֪нųͬ޵Уһ¶ηȴ
ϵĽ𵤺ڵӣȻʵǿᣬȴսĵȽƣ޷ս
ҶػϽ𵤳ڵӣûһٳսв䳰ЩϵҲǼʹĽɫֻһֶǿ鼫ӲʯͷԼȴȥˡ


456 ս
ɹϵΪԼλһȣƲЩɹϵʿҪ˵Ǵɽɢʿˡ
ϽϵϵӣȻҲ⣬¶͸¶Ȼ
̫ţȻܼҵϽԸܼҵӣȻУҲҪһмֱ£
ܴŭ죬ֺĲһᣬһųһϵԪͼ߽׻ϵɽҪȥҶض
ܴ仹ûü߶ʹɽԱһֻ֣һѱ㽫ܴļͷסȵס֣һԪϼ߽׻ϵɽսû磬͸ҸҶֵ֣ܽȥҲǶۣˣ¡
ܴתͷһסľȻλϯ𵤵ӣɼµݸ磬ϽŰ裬ҽѵһʲôɣ㲻ֽѵôˣ
ݵܴһۣûżǸҶصҶֵܼȻγһְǴӴ˱Լֵܣֱ˴ˡƢçײгײҶֵܲҪ⣬ԾͲˡպֵܻһΪϽʢ
ֿˣҼȻϽϣԵΪϽ
Ҷɫ糣˵꣬һ֣ջԪɽ
Ͻ𵤵ȻһٸһǧܹͼλԪӤҶسΪϵ£ҲҶ޿κΡ
ҶСĿǰΪʵȻһ㣬ǹһ꣬𵤺ڣűٸ˵⻰ˡ
̫ϳܺ裬̬УڵϽ𵤵Ӷڷԣű˫ЦȻûսҶСֶʽϽ峤һְˣ
ڴʿΪ伴˳еʱͻȻһ𱬺ҵԶԶĴӵ⴫
ܺϵܣϽɹ½һλϣôǰذ̫˼˰ɣ
ǻ𣬱һƬڵĳƣһȼգķ֮ת˲
Ͻɹл󷨹ĻƣƶƬʮɳɫƼûκЧһֻȰͻȻӳĻһ˺ѿһӣӰгɹڡ
ڵڽʿ󾪣ˮһ˿ȻǳƾڣռһƬټĵط
ҶҲ˺ʮɣԾĿƬơϽɹһλԪӤʿͬʱڴˣʲô˷
ֻһλԲһ㰫ߣӳֳΡ
λֳۣһ˺˿ͷڣһŷʺǱ֮ЩЩײģ
ڽʿһ£˱߻ģļЦǱĿһɣϽࡣ
ţʮϴѣӢ䲻òŮʿڰϵ˳Ͻڡ
ǺΪߣûߡЩϴѵĽʿûô֪Ͻɹĵ̣û̫վڰߵ
ɹĴϣĦ棬պԪӤʿôˣȻֱϽţ
ڶϽɹʶ˱֮λ⣬мʵۺɹϽɹҲһֱڿλɹ֮һĹȻҪ֮λᵽ֡ĦʱϽֻˣҪϽһ
ڵڹϽʿıͣɫǴ䣬һƬȻǳɵλߡ
Ħ˼٣ϡͰϽ½һλϣһЩɹСۣȴǲҷݡ˼ȻˣǾϽɹĹϯ񣡡
վڴ֮ϵܹ΢üͷǺ۰߳Ͻ˷֮٣δŭ
ϵܣÿ֪Ͻ½εĳϣλϵܣ
ûаܹڵС죬СĿվǰʮҶأ¶֮ɫ
СӰɣ

ҶЩΣֹ
һöϽƣɱϽ½ĵ峤ϣ⻹ö
ֻǺߴһûŻ˰죬ŷǰ治ʮ֮
һĳϣȻԪӤڳϣϽȻǣȻƶɹĹһһʿɹϣҲǿ֮١ȴ֪Сʲô£ȻΪϽϣλҵɹ룿ѵϽû˲ɣ
߲ĲֽУȻûϵϽγϣΪ֮͡
ܹͷŭϽ£ʲôʱֵָֻˡ
ĦҡڵϽƣС£ͼǳ
λĿǰ֡ͳİ׸ɹǱǿĳһɹԺɹ
ǣԪʣ޼϶Ҫ֮ǰλ׸ɹˣҲ޷ٳñֳһɹĵλֻάʮʱ䡣
Ͻɹɹɹūɹȵȣһɹʶλʵ
⼸һɹ֮䣬ļΪ˭Ҳá
Ҳ꣬ϽģɹĴϡĦ档óѣϽɹ棬˹ʿʿ
ܹͷŭ˭ϽϣϽ飬ƺ޹ذɣôϽˣ
ȷʵͱ޹ءöɹϣȻԪӤʿǶɹûڶ㣬ȥǿʿұһγϵʵڿǲˡҲ۸Сӣҵļλͽһ¹˳ϵʵɣ
߸
ϵܡλϣӦûɣɲҪ˵һɹϣȻҵļͽͽﶼǿЦˡ
ŹһۺĦڽ𵤵ӣ˺Ħһۣ֪б״򷢣Ͻɹ䣬ʺ϶ҪõӱԶһӣٿᣬɹ𵤵һдǸʹ죡
һ£պպ˵˾뿴λγϵı¡ղײգڱһɣ
ߴ˵꣬ԹԵĳŮʿʵ˭ȥλϽСϡһ£Ϊ̫ߣڵľͲҪȥˣϽ˵ɹ۸ˣ
ڣɣ
һӢڶĺҶһ£ҶİδЦ֮ģҸ߳һΪȻЩǽǰʿУֻµΪͣû취ֻΪѳˣ
ϵܣΪͣλСϾͽˣ
ҵȿλСϵʵɱö̫ˡ
ʮʿԣ׷׹Ц
պʿʮϡʮʮһᵤ䲻ʮ꣬ѾǽڶʿϣΪԪӤʿ
ǺĦĵϵʿŽǰλĵϵʿڽ𵤳ʿУǶ⼶ʵʵȰ׸ά磬Ҳ¡ϽʿҲлʤĿܡ
ڽʿʿʱӵľȻ󣬾ȻһЩʿɧ
ŹɫЩࡣ
̫ϳܺһۡ
̫ϳܺ裬ҡҡͷʾ޷ȻҪԣǾͱȰɣҶĵģҪʹɡңҶΪΪҶµѫΪΪҲÿԽ˿Ҷصս
ãⳡ㵽ΪֹɱλСϣϽ棬ϽĽ顣
ĦЦ
ǣڣִ֪磡
΢ЦҡΪһ磬쬵ƾڴʧڰ֮⣬Ͻ⡣Ȼתһ䴢ɳʮɫСɽ
ЩɽҲ֪ʲôʣֽӲޱȣҽԼ͸һ㣬Ŷٷ޷ֹͣ΢΢׷׷׾ٵĸſ
Ͻǧʿ׷ױÿһƬĿյأʿҲ׷ӿ˳׼ս
ʮ׷ڷϵ֮ڣС֮Сٶ֮죬˼顣
ҶصĴн󣬿Կڵ󡣲ǽľˮ󣬶ܹѹƣȴƲ˷ϵ
ӣ˵˭ռϷ硣
Ź̫ϳܺ裬Լꡢصȳϣ໥һ¡
ֿʮ߽׷ɽȵڶ㣬޷ϵͽ󣬶׷ݽһϽСϡɷ
Ҷشӵڻ߳ɫƽ˴ϸʲô


457 ˲
֣ģѹѧݽʩչСӿЩɹʿɲʲôèܱȵġ
ϽǰĹ㳡ϣɹֵĽʿʿ׷״£Ϊľ
ϾķϵŽʿɹʿжţҶĬĬŵ֣ʿðģ֪ʲôһΪϽɹĳϡ
Ȼ󲿷ֵʿΪö
ȻԪӤʿЩǧԪ棬Ҳö
ֻмʿҶصʵ
ʸ֧Ҷأ˿ΪҶʤ˶
⣬һļԹ۵ھŲʿԶĲΪȻͷӶ
ʲôϵĵϵᣬ𵤶ʿųƷϵʿʵҲΪôһ㣬΢߳һѡܸάλϵôάʲô³ߺߡԼмʵڰ׸м㲻ȥսҶ֣ǲ֪
ɽмĵߣ뵱ҲǾ۱ͷĽʿûҶַȥ˺ϣǹԹԷϸСܡȶҶֶһ֮󣬾֪ˡ
ǣ㡢ҶˣܡλʦãڸԵɹĽʿǶ٣ҵҲкҶһµͷҶ͵ֵ֮٣ȻǽʿҲδĶ֡ҶֻܶӦòʲô⡣ǣҪһ㣬ʱ䡣
ҡһȷΪ˵
һ㹻ˡ
ɽҲ룬ֱ˵
лֹһ䣬ҶضԸĻһ㶼ãԸķһ㹤Ѿܸˡ
ⷬԻΧһЩʿĲĿͰۡ
ǼɽҲʿѣֻǵЦѣû˵档ܿûڶӵС
ǰ㳡ϵĳ£˿ûӰ쵽ˡ
㳡ϿճɷΧĿտش
֣ɣ
ҶѾ㳡ϣҲû˵ʲôֻſ³Сһɫϵ֣Ȼƽ͵ĿŶĶ
Ħ״ƤȻһ£΢΢ɫаһԪľˮȫĪСѧϽ򹬽н󡯣ˣǴн²ǴӵĶ֣
ʵϣϽнΪ̫̣Ѿǧûκʿɣڴн޵ڶΪһ˵
ͽʿ֪ϽôһŽ޵еĽҲֻһЩһʿ汲ʿĿУԴн˽ĸһЩ
ĦϵϽνһ㳤ϣȻȫԪܾܿǴеĴнҪˣû˽ֵʵɵϵóȻս
ǣڶϾͿʼɹʿڿţšܺԪӤһƺЦ⣬ƺڵʿ󣬺ĦڵĻ˵óڰ
Ҷضⳡ̬Ϊ⣬ͷŭ֪ôĻȻҶԽһƽ͵ģԽŭ
⣬Ƕλϵʿӡ
ԪȻмʵ
ȻŭȴͬԼһϵ֣շ
Ͻɹн󷨣Ҳɲߣֻɡ
Ȼִһɹǿķ߶ʮɽʮ׷ϵХٷӭǣΪһʮɳķϵ޽
ϵɽٶ֮죬彣ֻɫдӿлԶΪģγһɷΧﵽɵĿ񱩵ĵɫ
Χ۵ǧƵʿվȶᣬҪУ޲ȻʧɫãڶĽʿսѸٴ⻪ܣΧʿڡ
ҪǱ񱩵ķɽУɲǶֵסҪɱĩʣ¡
Ͻ֮ǰĦԸǺϽӾսܡϽǰʧ棬Ǻصġ
Զһ֣ǿĹֶΡ
绡ն籩ȥ
һһӡ
ʮ׷ɽγɵһɵǿҷ籩
ڣȻǧһ߳ķ绡նγһɫҶء
н󣡡
ҶͬһȣֲٿԪΪɺ磬˲ϢԼ֮ڣһܵĴн
Էķ̫࣬Ҵ˷ǵأ޿ײĹδȫķΧС
нԻ񳾽ΪǿΪľˮĽΪȫأСĳ̶ȣʮɫɹ⻪
ಡಡ
ǧ绡նɵķ籩ХһȫҶغĴнû

ΪܼĽգ֮䣬ٴǧιҫ۶ĿĹâ̶ޱȡ
Щ绡նÿһ൱ڷϵн׷Ĺǧڷϵʿͬʱ绡ն̫ӴΪֲˣҧޡοǧ绡ն
ʿ⵽Ĺɣûκνѡ
ͨĽʿһķ籩²ҲҪѪ׷ҲҪ⵽˹ء
ӷ籩棬ѹҶغκӰӡͺˮһһգ۲֪ѿȥˣӰӶҲ
ķϵȻͬ졣
ҶСϣǱǧ绡նɱ˰ɣ
ɥϾһʿҪҲ̫סﻹвʮλɹԪӤʿҪɥΣգ϶־¡
ǰϵʩչĹԶҶСϵн󡣽ѾעˣλŽʿʤѶû
㳡Χ۵ʿǣ޲𾪣
ҶһɫԪҪʤʮ׷ûôܶʤ
ڿҶϵʤ㣬ҪһЩ
ʿǵ۹ⶾʿǿ̫ࡣ
Ȼݽȥǧ񱩷УĿ죬ȥҲ죬ѸɢڿС
籩ɵĴнٶ¶нĹ⻪΢˼֣ãȻ绡ն籩δܹƽ
ʿǵһ
ٿöĽʿǣҲе˼顣
ôǧ绡նڽϣȻûܶԪκˣ
ԵĴ㵣޷ţݽȥǿķ绡նȻҶصĽ󣬶
ǿֶΣ
ҶشӴн¶ΣȻˣǿԽⳡˣ
˵꣬Ҳһָ
һˮ
Ԫɽ֮УɢĺɫһˮͻȻԽԽƾĿ֮ʧ
ǱˮȥˣôҲκϢ
ĿʶȫɨˮʧĵطûзκˮϢټɫʱһ䣬㤣ë
ԣǱˮʧ϶ҪϮԼ
ŸշӦҪʩչϵܡ
ͣ
һˮٶȳ֣Խ˰ɾ룬Ϣһķϵ
ꡱһ죬ķϵ߽⡣һ˼Ϣˮϵɽڶϲ֮Ӳ˿
ˣ
Ҷһֲٿһˮ˵
ⳡʤ֮У˵Ҳ޾ϲ
ȻϽĳϣ΢һʵ˳ϽӦõġҪȻɹ⻹ûмʿ
ͣˮɢ˿˿Ϣͷ亹졣
ҶɱĻߵһնȥԪӤҲδܼʱ־ԣҶ顣ҲҪˡ
ϣ
Ҷ˷ɽ
ԣ䣬˻ʿȺС
ϽǰǧʿһƬ
սʿϽϵӣͣޱȾ㵡
˭Ҳûϵ
ȻšܺϽԪӤʿҲ¶֮ɫͬûŪһˮôͻȻʧٶȳֵġ
ΪҶصһˮϺԪɽϢЧϽһˮõĿɲ޵ԪǽʿԪЧȻе
ҶΪиûнʿԪѣŸĶˡż򡷵䷽ԪЧȴǱɫ
ϽļλԪӤ棬һۣҲ̫ôһ£ֻЩ졣
ĽʿһĿɿڴ˵һ仰
һת˲֮䣬Ѿܱмܻ֮ûСȻһˮ̫أܹ䣬ûܷס͵ϮԵʡǣ˾ǰˣֶܹԪ̫ǽʿ󣬿ҲܱǹĽ𵤺ʿڶԪãܻҶء
ǣý𵤺ʿϽһһʿôʤˣҲˡɽ綼֪һ𵤺ʿŴӮϽһ𵤳ʿܰ
ϽĴнͬʿܵУȻԣ˿ۣСλСˣԣ
ĦСݺݶҶһۣסİʿס˵꣬һۣ𱬵Ƣŭ𣬡عȥ˼չؿޣʮ֮ڣۡ
ĦȻ֣ݳƶȥ
ԭ˳һɨϽӣϽ³϶ȴû뵽ϵʿĶܵô죬ϷҲסϽȥ
ʮʿһͷɥѾʧȥƨһѸٸźĦȥ͵ʴףǶˣȥôֲɡ


458 ƴȨ
ˣ
ɹڣǼ츳Ľʿôܵô죡
ţ
СнʿӸղһݶУѹʧ
㳡Χ۶ǧʿͽʿϽϵϵӣϽʿǸɹıͣʱҶصȫˡ
ܶλ𵤳ڷϵʿζҶصսҪͬʿҪ߳һأſȡʤ֮졣
ڶɽ磬ʿǿߣǾηͳ羴
ܹĴϣ飬ǿзҶСϳΪϽϣԶͳϵ۹⣬ɱǿ̫ˡ
ܹϽнʿǧҲѳһλ˽ųͬʿ޵УڶҲѾáһھŲ㣬ôԪӤʿ֮£ڽ޵еĴڣͬڰԪӤʿ
ڶÿһԪӤʿΪǿͱʸһɹļӴʿȺǰԪӤʿսλҲߡ
ҪǣͨʿҪΪԪӤʿҪɹޱȵĴ٣ɹɽٵʿټ١ҶСϴӽһھŲ㣬ȴҪͻκؿڣֻҪ޿鵤ڼ̵ʱӵнھŲʵ
ϽۺĲȱ鵤𣿲ϧ鵤ȫҶСϣǸӹţ꣬ҲܵھŲ㣬൱ڰԪӤʿս
ҶСܲͻƳΪԪӤʿӵаԪӤʿսԺɨͬ׽ʿϽλԪӤʿټҶСϣ൱ӵԪӤʿ
ңҶСϵõĴ˾˺ͷ֣ͻԪӤƿĻᣬҪʿ̫߳ࡣǸʱΪϽϣɾǻʵûκ˸ˡ
ɹʿ۷׷ףĽǼʡ
ֻҪʿܹҶƾǿʵйĴϵķ֣λǿƱǲɱģνһ죬ҡֱϡ
˵֮ǰڽʿжҶسϽϵĻôҶԴн׾ٵĻ֮Ѿûκ֮ġ
⳽ҶϡҶϽ֮һٻʿϽ磬ǴİɳһССʿȻҲսʤҶϣǳ롣ǸһѵҲ֪Ͻɹ߱
УҶϡʦǣҶϵʵȻһλʿҲֻаܱķݡȹʮ꣬κһλʿҶϵĶ֡
¸ƽҶ֮
һȺϽĽʿμҶԣΧһȦ컨׹Ĵӹά
ܿ죬ҶΧʮϽʿ
ЩʿһɫϽʿ긻׳ΪԵ͵Ľ𵤳ʿҲ⻨׵ʿﵽڰ˲㡣
ڻڶϽʿȦҲҺλʿֻ쳤ӣΧһȦ۰Ͱ͵ţϣܹõγϿһۡ
ҶЩЦãЩսʿһһʾ⣬Щʿš
ףЩʿΪʲôҪԼ˹άͽᡣ
Ͻһɹʿڶ࣬ʿĵ⣬رϽЩʿ
ϽķˮģЩϵϵʿǳùĴЩ߲Σɹ˾ְִ£ϽɹȨ
ЩˮĲ£ܹõʯ鵤ϵϵӸռˡ
ʿȻϽɹǼûĸ߲ϵʵҲϽ߲ӣֻкϡķݣʱϡҲδеĺȡ
ЩսʿۼϽòһλϵĸ߲ճ֣Ҷ˲ϢܶΪϽѾǰ϶飬ȻҪϽͽᣬϣܳΪҶصĸ˻ȡô
ҪպҶΧΧһȦʿȻҲδпλ
ҶȻϰ߱άҲų⡣
ΪϽɹ֮󣬲±عףճ񣬱ȥȱһЩ֣ЭԼ˾ְ
ʶϽɹսʿ洦
ʱϽ̨ϣսŹ̫ϳܺ裬Լ顢صλϽ߲㣬ۼҶ˲ϢܶĦɫ౻ߣһϲĻŭţüЦ
ĽλԪӤ֮⡣
ԭֻΪҶϹսʱڣ𶫺ġͨظţġݹ̫û㹻ĽͿԸҶأƸһҶسΪϽ峤ϣλ硣
ûпҶصսΪ
ǣڿҶصǱ󣬻ʸγϵġϽظţģһλǱĽʿ̫ˡ
λҶСһΣͰϽɹľ֮һɹϺĦ棬ʧ棬˳ͷߡ
βЩϽ߲㣬һ˵üЦ˵⾪ϲ
ζ棬ȥƿ϶ҪᱱλΪϽҶСϣν˲ʢϲѶߣȥҶС̸̸
̫ϳܺ棬ã㳡ȥ
̫ϳǣҶСϣᣬȴΪ˵ã
ԪӤЦͥŲһ㣬ƮȻߡ
ΧҶصڶʿʿλˣÿһ
λϣ
Ҷæ֡
ҶСӽϽ֮һλϵλ硣ƹܵġս˾ְһڶպƶڶ񡣲ΪϣҲÿմڶ̫ȥЩ¡
̫ϳܺüĿ͵ĴҶأЦ⡣
ĿɨҶΧŵڽʿЦϽÿһλϣʮɹִ£ЩִרΪȰ˭ͿŰɡÿһλϣȨִ°²ҲֱӸְ
̫ϳܺ轫ʮöִƣҶأˣĻϷͲˣպͻϤϽɹĸ档
ǣ
Ҷؽӹƣһۣ˵ͷ
ŹλϣҲҶؽһźɹļλԪӤʿһͬЦȥϽʿγϴ䡣
ЩԪӤ治ߵĻλʿǧʿҲҶഭһڣ̸ء
ϽŹĴϵԪӤʿߺϽ㳡ϲ
ҶλγϣǳʿУΪλȨصϽɹ߲㡣ڹڵĵλڹĴϣڽʿ֮ϡ
ȻȻĿĽ㣬ѸΧһȺϽĽʿʿϵϵʿȻŰͽҶأҲԸ׷ǰعϲ
⳽УƽλҶִ£ơķźջأÿһÿһ㱨һΣóκβء
Ҷֻһ˽ڽʿָΪߵλζִ¡
λִ£Ͻʿ𵤺ڣҲҶرʾ£ʿ
⳽߲㣬ϽʿеĽ𵤺ʿϽһŮϳأԪѸߴİʮ꣬ѾԪӤƿгԣʱȥһЩΪĺЩǮ
к͸ƽҲǽ𵤺ڣȻ΢ЩͬǺ⳽ҲơǰΪִ£ǽΪʺϵġ
лҶʶ
ҶϷģҵȱؽ߾ԸҶհΪҶϴܺöս˾ְʢϽɹ
ҵÿĩѮضʱݷҶϡ
⳽Уƽλ𵤺ʿϲ׷״ҶصнӹһöɫִƣǿұʾһҶΪס
Ҷ˵Ǿ
ҲֲԽݣԽ𵤺ʿʵȴֺý𵤳ΪҶء
Ҫ֪սķţǸȨӰϽʿдСս֮¡
硰岿񡱣ִĳս񡱣ͬսܹòͬսƷ漰ľ޶档
˭ӳʶӳȻӵսƷķȨ
Ҷغ֮ǰϽʿֶϵһ岿䣬Ҷλӳ˵㡣õսƷ϶ҲȹĿõģʣµĲֵȻԱѡʣ´ͨɫų乫ϽĹ⡣
սƷһ㣬ڽʿޱȵۺͼʡ
Ͻɹķʲ٣ƵķţʵĲ֮һʲôʲܱ󣿣
⳽У𳿳˶ִ£սţȡôֶζǡȻˣչһݺôɵϹҶλϣִµλôס
⣬ɹֹзʲĳ񣬻һЩ߶Σյսķմ󣬵ǻսƷȴ١
ĳ˱ܶԸȥӡ
ҪǵҶϣΣǾҪԴͷ
Ź̫ϳܺ裬ϽϽȨҶأҲ˵ϽҶص£֮ġ
ϽһȺвϵϵʿۼ޷ֹҶسΪϽ峤֮ҲѸٱ̬ȣ׷׹ϲأҶص鷳


459 ʮݷ
Ͻһλ𵤳ʿɹϣܿ챻ղμϽǧʿɫ￪
̵ʱ䣬㴫ֵķзʿϲãۺ죬мһˡ
׸ǵĸ¥ɸ󡢽У֮ڴ¡׸ɸ̸ڣۼʮʿ
ϽɹǻƣԭֻԪӤʿʸεɹϴλȻһ𵤳ʿԾӣֱ׹Ͻͷ
ڵѣ㼵ʲôϽɹ߲ǣЩλεĽʿҲܺԪӤʿ֮ˡ
λǣⶫɽ磬ǽʿȺĵλһΪΡҪʿʿ߳һأƽտԵͽʿָʹйԼһ㡣ǣǵĵλԪӤҪ̫࣬һԪӤ棬̱ӻɡ
ǰȻڶɽв㣬λȴϲ£һҪڵͽʿǰװ棬һҪԪӤǰװӣȥ಻ԡЩͽʿɴһֱװӾˡ
ˣ˵ģ¡
ԭǱϽʵһɹڰ׸ɹϽɹλԪӤʿ׸ɹҲֻλԪӤʿѡ
ԪӤھŲ֮⣬λһλԪӤڡһλֻԪӤڣ׸νˡ
ҪΪ˵ı°׸ɹȲϽʵһԪľţ׸ʵ϶Ҫ˥䣬Ͻ硣
ɸڣ԰ټƵʿʿֻ۰Ͱ͵Щһʮʯһһ߸̸۵ĽʿĽѡ
ʿαԭԺյϽȴΪǣһҹ֮ʿ֪ϽĴ˽Ͻʵ
ϽνôþôͨظţģõһλǱĽʿɹһϦǡ
ĻһУĲϽţ̫ϳܺ裬ϽڣЩջܹϽ档
ǣʱһãһ¼ȥʿ̸еÿշĸش档
Ҷغͻʸص˻복
Ҷسÿ½ӼһλϽִ£ȡ˳ȡһʡʯ֮⣬ϽҲһֱûʲô£Ҫĸ߲㳤ϳ
Ҳֵڵڱչأ¡

֮
복һİƣŨĺ
ʮöϺѣڷˡЩϺΪصޣû꣬޷ꡣЩѪ¹ɺӦǳɳЩʸΪɫ
ʸӣ¶ϲһСѪɫ¹״ɺСһ꣬ΪС
ʮͷȭͷСϺ쬴ӺһѨгˣȿֺʳѪɺĩ
ŸշãǱӵвʿٶȺʵͷܹͽˮзӲʯ
ʸιϺ֡ͻȻͷȥԶһɽߴһϤޱȵʿӰ
Уһʱ価⡣
һ뵽ҹ˫ޣˮƹ˫޹ǿΪͷһɲǼ両ֽߺϼôһ뵽һţ׳Ƿɽ˲ʧƵĺɾ֮䡣
ɽ֮ϣҶؽ˵աӱչ˳ˬɽߴһ͹ʯϣϯϥһУӴȡһöż򡷣ʶ̽У
ģǽ
ҲʯһԲԶһݵſţնۿ͸İɭȻĹ󣬼ӲǻǼڣһöɫɢŵĹ⡣
ĵһĽɫͷȫעͷϣĴӹʳ˿˿ʬ
н𵤹ʿǣҪʵķ
ʮԪӤǣܹýڹʿϻᣬԪӤƿ˿̾ȻһͷռΪУֱǱ
ɽУʿǼټ١ԪӤڵĹʿǸǺޱȣǿ󵽽ı̬ڣɽʷҲ޼ҪΪԪӤڹʿĽʿΪԪӤʿҪʮϰٱ
ҶضЩʽĺˡ
ֻ֮ʳʬҪûǣ֪Ҫնٸ߽ʬʬܻΪ
ʿҲԪԪơ£Ԫľ⣬Ҳδ㹻ʬȥԪӤھ硣
ڣ󲹵Ķǣÿÿҹ޲ɵʳʬɳٶҶػö౶
̶̵깤Ѿƽ㡣
ʮ꣬½ɳڵľŲ۷塣ֲٶȣҶءʸȵġ
ˣסϧҲǹޣʮƷʵĶҲûʲôãǱ
Ҷ̾˿ҡҡͷ˼ջأڡżϡ
⼸꣬ÿնϸон󡱣ԼС潣󡱣׼ΪӵĽ
ĴнԪѾɣֻҪڣԪµսǿ
ΪˣԪԽߡΪԽߵʿԪҲԽǿսҲԽǿ
żϲᣬн󡣽ľˮԪɽɽˣϢԷΪӵв˼ķ
ż򡷵²ᣬС潣󡣷ֱǱ硢ףԪɽˡС潣ԹΪɱޱȡ
ˮ䣬Ϊ
䣬Ϊ
ˮͬʱһΪ
ɽУûͬʱӵб硢
ҪԦС潣еİȴȫڴнСԴнƣӶԦС潣󡣡
ҶЩϽġż򡷣̽Խ룬ŷ֣ԼѡϽǺεȵҡ
Ͻ򹬽ϽԪɴн󡣱ϵʿңԽ⣬Խ󡣡
ȱĳһϵϵԺܲ⣬Ӱ쵽н󷢻ӵ
ľˮϵǸߴʮ㣬ĳһϵΪһ㣬ǻôнֲʧ⣬ңȵ
ܹӳнʿϵǱʣʮСԽߣԽ⣬ŻԽǿʿѰңȴϵ
ҶнܹӳȫΪǱʣͽø߶ƥ䡣ҶػĽ¸Ӳ˶
ɽ£ǹر졣
꣬꣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ת˲š
ҶغͻʸʦϽıͲ֧֣ȱƷʵĸ߽鵤ټϺ˫޵Ķ⹦Чչ٣Ⱥڵ㣬Ϊʿ
ڽʿУΪҲˡ
Ǹߴ߲㣬˺ھ硣ԽڣʱԽ
Щˮɵ顣
ҶϲܵǣʮǰʶϸµһźúĽľˮƷʯľ֮£Ѿһһɫ


460 ൤
ҶصʶϸڣǶոţѤޱȵɫϸá
ķѲ֪ƷʯһɫֻҪٹʮ꣬ܵ޽ɫӣ׼Ǳʵˡ
Ҷصʶϸ˳Цݡ
ıϵϵƫʧ⣬ĵǣ⣬ñԪӤķմ
Ѿжɰգܹ⡣ʣµ߳ģҪԼܹиߵͻƣʦΪʦҪ൱£
Ҷشӱչվ沽߳˷䡣
պͻʸ˵ˣҪȥ൤һˡ
ʮǶ˾󲿷ʱ䶼ڻ복չֻżȥһ˰׸ǣʸƵ鵤ȥ൤λͬŵӹĵ̫ˡ
ʮȥΪֹһɺ˵ص൤ʮλڵӣɹ𵤵ģ޼ֻ㡢Ҷ˶ѡ
ÿ˵£ǲö൤ͬŵչ˲ܣδܾһͬųΡ
Ҷ˱żԹȻҲ޶ԣ·ϣΰλͬһѡ
߳չңڣֻʸѾױգڳЦ
߰ɣ
ҶЦЦͻʸһңվһ΢ʹϣҫĿҫĿ˲ʧǶڰ׸ڵһסլС
˳סլһСһš൤ƵĴԺʮĶСĴԺ棬ڶ԰С԰ӣʮСС¯䡣
ǻʸλ൤ͬʿһ𿪰൤
ڶĵһǰ׸ǣֵؼ۸߰ɳǣһʮĶСѾ൱ס
ʸóԼĴŴӳһ˼йʮĶԺӣΪͬŽڰ׸
Ҷءʸһɺ˵ص൤ͬʿȻⵤԬơ밲൤ŵĽ棬򱦡ʮʿһ󲿷ֶ൤ڣʯöȡϾǳڶûʲǫֻ̂бһ𣬲⾺пĶ
൤ʮڰ׸ڵ֮ҲѾС
ǻʸλʦƳ߼鵤ܲļǮ൤룬Ҫһڻʸ
ҶأǺҲ
֪һĳ뻯ľء磬̫Ļ˷ӵһ鷳
൤ڣʮͬʿУɹ𵤵ģĿǰȴֻҶءʸˡ
ʮ䣬൤ŵʮʿȻҲչ٣ǵһѾ߽ϣλﵽھŽףƿ
ǵٶȣ޷Ҷءʸۺ鵤֮ߵʿȡ
ϾǿûҶ̬ʦͿʯָ߽ҩϸÿǮǮֻԼÿշһöн鵤ѡ
һʿճһʾ޶Ļѡ
ͻƿĽ𵤣һķá
һھŽʿҵҲδܹһö𵤡
ðɣҵһö𵤣ǽᵤʵ͡ҪƽƿɹС٣̸ף
ܲܳɹᵤȫһδ֪
һʿԣᵤѶ̫ˣνޱȡ
ΪԭҶغͻʸѾ˽ƿΪҡֱϣ˽סͬʮ꣬ʮλͬţŸոںڣҹҹܳھ硣
츳ǰʵѾﵽھŽ׵۷塣ֻΪûн𵤣ٳ޷ͻƣһֱͣھŽ۷硣
ָ߽鵤ɽ磬򲻵ġ
ڶɽ磬һЩ̸ṫǳޣ۸ΪһԣޱȵھŽʿҵծۡ
ʮȻܴһֶƽʱõˣﲻ𵤵Ǯ
ΪŽʿļ꣬ðճȥɱһЩ׵нޣϣܶЩʯ
ǣɱнǮ
ֵǮĸ߽ޣڵΪʵҲɱˡ
ںϱæ˼꣬ɬԶԶ𵤵ķáȥڵİװޱȵԪ޷ʵͻƽƿϣԽԽã
ѣû취£Ŵʸ
൤ڣҶ֮⣬ǮƵǻʸλΪҶغ鵤ȥȻ֪жǮơʸ߽鵤Ķࡣͬʿ֪ʣʸǮơ
ԥãſʸһʯȥ𵤣պǮ黹ɹᵤΪʿĻ黹ʯͱˡ
ʸԴ£ӲܣҶ൤飬ܲܰλͬһѡ
ǴС
Ҷغٹ൤ڵ뵽ͬʿѣвɰ൤γѡ
ƽ𵤵ķã˵ҲһʲСĿ֧ᵢ濪ˣҲܲܡ൤ͬŵУ飬Ҳ桢򱦶ˣ֮سҪһѡ༸ڵͬʦֵܣҲһ£ڶܹ໥֡
˽൤ڡ
Ҷʦ壬磡
ʸʦ壬磡
൤æµ¯ջʿ׷׳ҶغͻʸкȻǺܿͷԼ顣ʮ¯ҪֿһҪտ¯̿ϣ¯൱æµ
Ҷ΢΢׵ͷͻʸһ˵ͽҩĵС԰ӡ
һλ׷ߣͷĻ̳ü԰һСڣ˳൤ڳֵҶغͻʸһ¡
ףҶʦܡʸʦãʲôʱˣ
ǱˣȻʿǰ൤Ž֮һ൤ĸ֮һЩ֮꣬⣬ڣĵ¯
ʦ֣Һͱչ£пУڿʦ֣ͷ̳ô£
ҶؿȻ⸱ǱģͷüëҲ֪ʲôˣȻʵ
һ߽鵤䷽û뵽ը¯ˣǼӴҩҵȥϸооζҩ⡣ǶλԼҾͲˡ
ȻԼͷ¯ңʾްЦ
Ҷ׹ȻЦ
ʦ֣ģأ
ʸ൤һ·û棬ʵ
ѾͷڵǮءǰЩӣմƷʯλʦʦȥǮˣЩһӦ໨٣ͷӦûһЩƷʯҿôġûʮ깤𵤵ʯﲻ˷̫ԪպᵤɹɾҲΪޡ
ȻҡͷӣΪеϧܰϵҲΪޡЩΪо䷽ȥ˴ѵʯ
Ǽ˵ţڵһ԰һһŮִɤԽԽߵ
򱦣ҶǮ
ʦ㣬㿴ʦһٿʯҲõóҪʦﻹмٿʯʦȥӦӵźֿ˥֪ˣΪһǵʿ
򱦣ûʯ㿴ϴģһ׻ĵͽ׷£˵ֵʯ൤㴩ݳˣɴȰ׷ң
һŮߵࡣ
𰡣ȫΨһһױķ£һҪķ£ʱɱһ㾪
Ҷءʸһ£ǺܿʧЦ
ȻʯǼһǮޱȣһСϳԣô׽赽
Ҷ漴С԰ס԰ӣ㿴򱦺ڶš
ʸҲ˹ȥ
˫ֱǰ԰ӵĴţߣȫ´ŵһ׻£ŤͷƲƲ죬òǮ
Ҷʦ壬ôпңʦ̫ˣ֪ûʯȻҪҽ衣
һҶˣʱϲһ㣬û˹ȥȡ
Ҷطһֹۣͬһ䣬ûʯ
û򱦣濴ȥ
ΪﵽھŽ׵۷壬ҲӲκԪ
Ҷʦ塢ʸʦ壡
Ҷغͻʸ֣æÿ϶ʱһ졣
棬ȥ𵤣
ҶصЦ
Ҵȥῴһ׸һᣬ˵ʮöҪλʦһʯȥһԣûлһö𵤡


461 Ը
ԽʯȻЩΪ飬Ť֪ʸʦ塢Ҷʦ壬ܲȽһʯңûнᵤҶʯϡ
ǼΪϡĸ߽鵤ᵤ֮н𵤣׸ЩɹĵϵʿҲ϶ȥЩʿвƣļǮۣĹǡ
Ҷسһ£Թ𵤲ֹۡ
֪򵽡ǣҪȥһԡ֮һϣûˡ
ɫȻ
ʸۿҪˣ̾һҶصڵŽ鵤ܲܰһ¯
ǾŽ鵤ʦаһʦɹʵͣʦнϸߵİա
൤ڣҶصߡͻʦѾʮĸ߽鵤顣Ž鵤Ҳڻ¡
ʸΣǰͻʦɴ߽鵤ԽѶȼߵ鵤ûκΰա
ȻȻλʿʦ㼶ġֻкܵ͵İ߽鵤鵤

Ҷص˵ͷ
Ӧнϸ߰ɡ𵤸ͨ鵤ͬʱҪһ¯𵤣Ҫʱüµʱ䡣̫һ㡣
ҶسЩǡ
ʸȻףҶصĹʲô
Щ׷ԪӤʿ˵ÿһ춼ŵĺܽţ˷˿ʱȥ޹ص飬ԼޱȵԪһԪӤʧۣ֮ºڶ
⻨ʱ䣬ȥһ¯𵤣϶ᵢҶչ
ɣȥῴ
Ҷ˺һܺʵļ۸𵤣ֱ취ȥＯƽ𵤵ԭϣԿ¯ҲʡȥһѣԼ²ٵʯ
𣡡
촽Ʋס
Щ꣬ðճɱޣٽծΪлõ𵤣ڿϣ
Щͳ࣬һ¶ӿ˳ϲ
Σһ취õ𵤡
ҶվûӲܾһССĳŵᵤŵϴϣҲ棬ҲһͬμĻ顣Ծܾ
ʦ壬Ҳ˳һ𵤡ڰ˽ףòʮܴﵽŽףÿϡ
滹ûüʾϲ򱦱˷ܵĴ
ʱ˵ɡҿ¯һ¯ܳʮ𵤣ҲһݡϵĻԼְֻ
ҶغǺЦ
ʦֻҪϰ𵤾ͺãԼȥﱸ
򱦸ϽڴӦ
Ҷؿϳǿƽ붼顣Ҳֻ൤ʿ΢˽Ҷߵһĵز
ϣ𵤵ļ۸ΪʲôߵĺˣΪ׸Ǵʦƽ𵤣ʮ¯ԭ֮Уо¯ˣֻһ¯ԭɹ۸Ȼߵס
Ҷس𵤣ȴ¯֮Уܳɹһ¯ƽ𵤵Ļѣֻвʦ֮һȻʣһʵĳɱ
Ѿƽ˵еʦˡ
˺ħΪӴʦȴûһλʦڡ
ʦʦѾǹ⿿ͻˣһ̤ʮ꣬꣬˭Ҳ֪
Щ֣ӦͦǮģΪʲô൤ʿȴƺʯ
Ҷɻ
ʦ壬ǵ൤Ǻܴһ󣬱ȥˡ
߿
˭Īǻ˭ѹ൤
ҶüͷһͲţ׸ǣ˹Ȼ۵൤ͷϡôϽĳϣѹͷϣǵǵϽ
⵹ǡ
ԴҪĻҪȴҩֲ԰ҩģЩҩĵĽ۶Ǽǽҩ鵤֮͵̻ۣҪһǮ߰˳ɵ󶼱ҩֲ԰ʹ̻ˣǵֻĶɵá
еҩֲ԰̻ᣬɹڳ
ҩֲ԰١ǧ鵺ƬƬֲҩ̻ᣬ¢е鵤ͱ鵤ȥ
Щҩֲ԰̻ᣬǸɹµĲƲЩɹǧۺޱȡɹ˵Ҳ١ǧ鵺Լ¥
ʵֻ̫ܾӪһСЩֲ԰̻̰
ҶسĬˡ
ɹƵֲ԰̻ᣬֶΣĶС̰ҲΪ
ϽϣҲ밴ոҵĹ¡ôôΪϽͬЩҵԴʯ
ڶ鵺ޡҪΪһ鵺֮ǽʿҪ鵺ǾͱۼټƵĽʿ
ڻ복ֵҩֻһöѣ൤ʹá϶޷Щ١ǧ鵺Ĵҩֲ԰⡣
ûɹΪ̨ûԪӤʿڶҿ̻ᣬ򱻵ҵʿƣҿֻʵۺɹʵͬʱҩ̸ֲ󣬽е󶼹ԼõĻᱻʿšеĴҩֲ԰̸̡󣬶ɹġʵֻܿһСһЩǮ
˵һѣ޿κε̾˿
ʸȻ൤ǴڴС񣬺Щҩӡ̻򽻵ȴ򱦣Щˡ
൤ţҪܳһλԪӤͺˡ
ʸ˺һͻȻһǿԽһɹ൤һʿд鵺ֲҩ̸鵤պ൤ŵӶɺǰҲֱͶ൤ټ£ȥͶɹ
ʦλʿҲǼѡʮֻһΪǽڡºлΪԪӤʿ
ʸһ˼ҶصǶ˶кܴԪӤƿֻҪһ˳ɹͻԪӤԽɹܹܶʯͬš൤ŵڶҲܹĸãߵľ硣
Ҷͬʸȥŵʣм㡣
΢΢𶯣ǰԼΪ΢ʵ΢һ˼׷Ȼȼλ൤Ž𵤳ϣͬʿĴ
ڱΪѾȻȽ𵤳ϣ̫ͬ࣬ҪչͬţһѡҲգȻϣˣٰܰɡԼˡ൤֮ͬ໥иΣһʲôΣգҲܼʱɵһ;֮ΪѡԲÿô࣬ϸҲѹҡǱͬЩ൤ͬ໥֣ҪһЩһԼڣ൤ͬʿʵԽǿֿܹסΣա
ҶϸеףнպΪԪӤʿ൤ɣδһ⡣
Ǽ˵ţһòŮӣһɳݵɫꪣ쬡һѸޱȳ൤ڣٶ֮죬ȻϽʿٶȡȻһλ߽ŮʿʵȽʿ
ٶٿ죬ҲӲҶʶ

ҶͷҲûͷ֪ǰ
Ҷ磡
һҶطˣʱһʵʵͣ£ͷҶǰ
ŵǱɫꪣҶʮǰؾһӺ߽ʿжļƷűΪȼƷ
ֳȥʿˣ
ҶЩãࡣ
ûأ
һͷ㵽ʸ󵱵ƣգգ۾Ц㣬շûʲô飬Ҿͳȥһڰ׸ǣһĲʿҸ򡭡۷ˣһĲʿϴ󡣳ﻹϰҪٽЩĲʿͨͨ۷ñϴϴ󡣡
׸ǶϸĹΣֻݵʿܾסʿΪʿĿūͣŮʿΪʿŮ檡
ڰ׸ǣǻʸŮƽʱ൤ڸЩӻû¾ڳڵܣЩʿд򶷡ʵɫűܴȴǼ١
ʸҪ˷̣ȴǸòࡣҰ죬൤Ҷءʸ޶ˣԼȻλʿ¾λ߽ʿʵǿʿҪ߳һأʿ
ʸȤЩֺЦֺˣ㣬棬ȥᣬܲ򵽽𵤡ǰЩһ׻ϵԪɽ㽫Ǻ⽣ͻϵΪһ壬ֻȱһ׽Ҳȥῴܲ򵽲ı˫ϵ󡣡


462 
ڶ̻඼ٰʽרᣬ鵤ϵȵȣ߽ʿμӣ̻Ӱ
׸ǣΪĵһ޳ǣΧıһسǣھסƵߣڶɹԪӤʿӴʿмײ㡪ʿȺԼ޷ʿʿ
׸Χ鵺ͳǳأΧﺣɢţγһǿȦ
׸ǵĵλ֮Ҫʹڶ̻ܲƼ޳ڡЩ̻ÿսĻԺơ
ڶ̻֮Уһ̻ᣬǡ̻ᡱ
̻ᣬֱˣµĺĲҵ֮һħµġħ̻ᡱΪް̻ᡣ
Ƶڣ̻λʯκ̻ᶼ޷ġ
ʸȥᣬ̻ڰ׸һ̸ٰһᡣҲһһȣ׸ڼӰᣬ񡰽𵤡ƽʱɹϸƿأó鵤ﶼвó
Ҷ൤һ죬˽ͬʿչ
չʮ䣬Ȼλʿһ׾֮⣬ʮλͬŴ֮࣬һϴﵽڣλͬŽھŽסٶȣҪɽԿࡣ
ʵϣһȺ൤ʿܹڶ൤бѡǰǱʶ
ǵǱһλڶԪľ֮ǰҲԶܹﵽھŽףлƿܲܵõ𵤡ܲͻƽƿɹС٣Ǿһˡ
ʮλͬţϣᵤҪĽһСĿٵü¯𵤣ŹáԼȵ渶һʯȥɹᵤϡ
ҶЩͷۡ
ͬŻծ
һΪʿծ̫ѵ顣
ֻǵЩ൤ͬţھ磬˵Ļɡ
ʦʵһҲϽϣҲһҵӦú١
ңôܴÿһλͬųΪʿ֮󣬶ʸ˵Ķᵺ϶ȡһ鵺ܹӵʮ鵺ֲҩӦ㹻൤СˡҲñպ൤ʱиĽʿ㹻ʵ
Ҷס
ڶգҶغͻʸԼ棬ȥֵ򱦣һǰ׸Ľμ̻ᡣ
صڶ¥֮УһʮɸռذĶʯ¥󣬾޴顰޴ĲӲӽ֡
̻ڱܲ
ڶԡֽģǶһµĲҵκʿ֣³ǼΪɱġ
¥Ϊһ͵Ļ󷨣ɫĻ֣ɽһľ޸ټ¥֮ϣ¥֮ⱦţƺƷⶰ޴¥֮ڡһʹԺţӵֱͨš
Ҷص˼ĻֺɣҲ𾪣̾Ϊֹ
ΪԵʣ¥տ㳡֮ѾͣڶݡͷһɫīԴʮͷëѩ׵ɺ׳˫ͷķΡ
ͷѵصޣſڹ㳡ϣżһͳ˻С
ϲиɹı־һۿԿЩĸɹʿĳЩҲǸɹҫ֮
˿̸̣Ľʿʿﲻ
Ҷءʸһʿ¥ſڡ
ɸſڣվλòׯŮߣһɫʿΪɸߣһĿǰɸЩŮǲȥӭӵġ
һλģΪӣſ̸ʿȺ֮УҶءʸΪŽףʱΪ⣬һҶϽ־Լɹϱգʱһ
ɫ΢䣬ͺһϽ𵤳ϣĪҶϣæһ̸󣬳Ҷӭ˹ȥ
ȻδҶأȴһ²³Ҷصݡڰ׸ǣԽ𵤳׵ΪλһɹϵģҲֻϽôһλʿʿΪСϡ
Ҷϴݹ٣ʧԶӭսҽ±УΪŰᣬԼƺšҶظǰһ֣̬飬һǰ·Ҷһ˽ɸһߺЦѯʣ֪Ҷϴ˴̸򣬻ƷΪҶϰ
Ϊ¸ҶضǽΪ
۵λ̸£ֵ¹ʮλŮߣԶԶȲҶһɹĳϣܹȺĽʿ
¶ԽӴޱȣ飬ȴ˿Եǫ
Ҳǳ֪أͽ°ţ
Ҷر˫֣ɫȻЦ
һаҵϣҶϣλ
ºǺЦ
ƿĻɸһڣҶؼ˽¥һ
¥һϰĶʮɸߣ߼󣬿֮ڣרд͵ᡣм̨һϯ
ʱѾ˽֮һʿǽʿʿ
һ¥İմкᣬ󷨹Ļ棬޷ǴӰ棬ȴܶһš
ĺᣬרԪӤʿǣԼλԺյɹʹáͨĽʿʿֻڴλһ¥֮УǼԪӤʿġҶϣȥźźᡣ
ЦŽ͵
ǰμԪӤܶҪԪӤǳ־ģЩʿǾЩ档
ҶЦʵ
ҡҡͷ٣ⳡᣬҪԽʿʿֻаλԪӤμεᣬҲΪǵĵϵѡһЩƷھźźᡣ
ҶػȻ˵ͷ
˽˰ᡣ
ݳ޵˼£ǽɫ쵤ɫľ̺߽׽𵤼Ƥǰ˽׶βĺƤ˳⻬
һкмòüĿģŮᣬӯӯϲ衣
һλŮ輸ϣһֻϬǱȪˮƳð΢Ļ棬ϬǱܿ챭ڣƬɫҶƣûΪɫޣƺһԾȴǶƷ衣
һ裬ֵʯ
զࡣ
ɽ裬ǼƷŽ裬СרԪӤƷ衣ֻһСָܻһ𵤺ʿȫҲֻ̻ܹŪ֡дɹϵȹͨ͡ĽʿǺƷ衣
ɫż԰ȻˣҶǽʿĹأɹϣΪĹʸ衣ҶϣƷһ衣
Ҷؿһ°ˣֻһ򱦣ټϽ£ȴˣö
һ֣ϬǱ裬ȷڲ輸ֻڡ
ÿһС٣㹻Ʒ


463 ͼѩܣ
ʢƷͣ˵Ȼȴ֮
ҶضϬǱһСڣһǿ˲Ϣ֫ٺܿ죬΢΢ȣڵķԴԴϵӿ˳쳣档
Ҷز̾һȻǺò裡裬Ʒζ˵Ȼ裬ָٶȼ죬ӿȣڼƷŽ衣ƵľŽơϼ齬Ҳ˿
ʸһַһɴһڣĿȻĿζ⡣
һ鳯ҶغͻʸתĿ¶ɻȻһ¶ǣƣҶûɶо
˵ȼƷŽ裬ûʲô
СĶһֻ񱭣ȸ⣬򣬰զһ£δи̾θҶʦᣬȻܴˣȻܳרԪӤȵļƷŽ裡ʿУҲͷһݣûܸ۱ȣƷĲǲ裬Ƿޱȵܡ
ת񱭣ʱ𵤵飬ƷȴǺ˼ˣҲ֪ζ
ҲˣҲ̸ˡ
ҶطϬǱЦ£һ«ľŽ鵤Ҫ鷳鵤ʦһ鵤Ʒʳɫλ
УһöĴָĻƳγεľŽ鵤
ҶûʯҪֻаʮΪƵһָ߽鵤ˣЩʯźòμӾġ
Ž鵤
¾ȣӹöĴ鵤
Ž鵤ǽ𵤺ʿܷõ鵤ǽڣֻð˽鵤ûзù־Ž鵤
¹ǿ鵤̺ܸоö鵤ƷӦòֻʵʦȷ鵤ƷʣԼʺϵλ
ҶԺö鵤ȥڵʦһ£
³˺ᣬȥڵʦ鵤Ʒ

һȺʮѻĽŮʿһӵһλɫŮӽڡ
ǿȺʿһɫʿ֪ǶɹĽʿӢ䣬ŮӿȻĹˣʮ㡣
ֻмλɫŮӣʿķΣȻͬūɹʿ
ʿһӣԶԶʿ˺ᣬּܿ´Ӻڳ
ɻ̺ס£ʵ£ʿҲܰº𣿸Ҳһ䡣
˺ԼͣһԭһȺĽʿϵӣǰס
ŶԭǶȻѣ겻Ϊ־ٰϲɺأ¿ΪλڴλͺƣǶŵҪºᣬ²УΥ̸Ĺ涨
ĿɿɨһȺʮʿмλɫŮӣ΢΢𾪣ò֮ʮǸҡҡͷ
ΪʲôУǰǼʿǽôѵһȺ˽󲻳ɣ
ǽжȻӣһ飬ʮֲ
˵ǼʿͷϽҶϡ
ҲŭĺǺһЦ˵ŵҲ֪мϸĹأԪӤʸ롣ҶȻԪӤ棬Ϊһɹĳϣ԰ԪӤĹ񣬽нӴҶܰһᡣǼȷԪӤʿҲ޹ϵȵλʿܰºᡣ
ϽҶϣ
Ȼ
ǰǸйԹ𣿡
ôɣȻײҶСӣ
ȺĽʿɫ죬¶ŭ֮ɫ
ȺʿУһӢͦ񿥵ӣʱɫ࣬ʮѿȭͷˣʿĿ֮²ҰҶµĶ
̶ʮ꣬Ѿӽڶף˽ĽסٶȣҲǳɫˣʿв
ҶϣʸġϣĳλԪӤ٣°Īλû飬£ȸˡ
Цǡ
ŹʮǰĦͽϽҶسϣ۵顣ɲϽʿĶԹȥæȥΪҶȥöŽ鵤Ʒʡ
ʣһȺĽʿԣһ̣ǻŭ޷й
кʮλԲ˵¼εļǵʮǰǳ澡ʧ޵ݡ
ûԹܣȴԹҶ˺ݣһܣûи档ֱӵʮʿֻҪϽʿ̧ͷ
ҶСʮչعһֱҲᣬʤһΣ档κòϣǲܾˣһѶ˵һ
ڽֹƶô
ҶļȻμᣬǾ͸Ȳѹȥóᣬͥڴ֮棡ʿҲ֪ʿҲӡ˭ǣҪÿ
ǡϽĳϣִϽսһʲѾʮꡣʮ²·ͬһ㡣ǶĹ𣿡ʿԥ
ʲôϽϣ̲ƣܱһȺʮʿĲǿʮʿʮĲƻ㹻ѹ
ô졣ҶھźźᣬõǾźơ£ֻҪʲôǾͳߵļݺɨ棬ڶ
ЩĽŮʿܿһԲߡʿȥϾϴ⵽شģǶ㿴Σ
ɫãȭͷ˼ãȭͷ˿侲ҡҡͷ
ˡҲһʱλֵܵ⣬ˡΪһЩƷ׼ȥյѪɫ֮ǲﶷźķѾʣҶƴܾˡҪѪɫ֮飬ڿҪ𷣡СܵС۴´󡣱֮£պ˵ɡ
ʿһ뵽Ħ𷣣һ˰ء˵Ѫɫ֮쳣ûмõóֵķֵط档
뵽ˣһ³Ĭټ֡
ȺʿмūɹľɫŮӣһЦΪ˴֣̣СŮ˲ֵ֪Ịٰ̇ȴΪһȺʿϽһλ𵤳ϡ¼䲻
ʿԣޱȡٺãɹʿ䳰ȷѿҲܲˡ
ѽⲻǶϵҸղź񿴵ҶСϽȥˡôϵܴǰĶԹһʹϴսҰܣĦͷʮ꣬òײŷųҲСˡ
ڣһòţϴһĨаЦӣҡһӷ˵ţһȺʿʿ˹
޹ٹΰ
Ľʿʱһ
޹ȺٽʿϣĿ⼸ײ𻨣˻ҩζΧʿ׷ױܿҪĳӣ֮䷢һЩҳͻҲ˵
ⲻ飡Ի˸ˡ

޹ϵɲôã˵Ҳòſ
ϵܹȻԼĳ˾ȻҲ̵סҪңɾ͵ѳˡҪⳡᣬҶСһѿ޹ʿ
ΤЦķգžĺ£ӣǶϵʯһԽһʣһ֮ô˵Ҷͷ̫ʢȻѹǱĴɹĵϵʿǸôѹѹӣūɹɫ츳˫ĽʿūٹԣǲҲһʯϵһѣ
ͻȻʿмǾɫŮӣΪζʵ
Ȼڱһǰ׸Ͻޡū⼸ɹĵϵʿɧʲôʱֵһɢ޳ʿվͷ磡Ҳһʯһ֮λҶСϡףⱱɹϵӵĵ̣ûǰؼβͲźã
鵭һЦ
ȻˣǾͶл֡ˣ
зһ£Ӧ粻
֪ΰϽҶ϶ѳԹĸȴòȥ
ޡūɹһٶʿһóһʯȥһϽĽ𵤳ϵаա
ʧһʯҲ޹ūĽʿ̯һ֡Ϊ棬ĦӦûϲ𷣡
ҪǴᣬһΣ֪ʲôʱϱѩ޵Ļᣬ˵ʮ֮꣬Ҫʮꡢϰĳ裬ܡ
ãϵܹȻʹ졣ӣ¸ǡһʰλҶСϡȤȤ
Τ鹰һЦӣһȺ޹ĽʿҡڵĽ᳡֮С


464 ޶
ĶȻǣ¥һűµĵ档ûнȥſվţߵѯʡ
ʦ鵤Ҫһ¡
Ϸ˵û²ҪšǼλͽУʲô鵤Ǽˣ
ڣһߵԵʮֲá
ʦһλҪһ«ľŽ鵤ĸ߼鵤µλʦƷˣֻƷƷʣȷʺϼλ

ʮλʦķ
ڰ׸ǵܲʦ٣ֻʦһλʦ
ֻҪλʦ鵤ܼ챻һաҼǮһ˵һӲۡ
ԪӤ棬Ҫʦ鵤ҲÿͿ˵ûʦһʹ죬ޱȵҩˣʧɾʹˡ
ܲĸ£Ҳ룬̴ٻ
ɴ˿ɼʦĵλǷͬСɡ
һʿ̸ڵĵλߣȻΣСĽš
ŶŽ鵤Ϸ򿴿
һŸ֨򿪣һɫưΪĽ߳Ϊá
æöƲӲӵ鵤ϡ
鵤ʺ϶ʿõ鵤ˮϵϵľϵϵĽ𵤺ʿԷá˻ϵʿ֮⣬ϵʿ鵤һζݡҩ壬л𶾡䷽ӵ鵤ǿһʿ鵤ۼҪͨŽ鵤߳֡
һӹ鵤ڱ˵öŽ׵鵤ƺ;
һɫ΢΢һ㶣鵤ζ
õõƷʼ΢΢Ϸ飬ټ˴鵤̸ĶҪ֣ⵤȥ𵤺ʿԸ߼鵤
˵ѾʦǷ켫ĵزǳһλʦ鵤Ϸ֪׸ǵʦû˭硣Ī˵صʦ
ʦ˷Уɻ
ϽҶϵ鵤˵Ƶ鵤
æ
ҶϣһλҶϣ
ʦ㵣ͻȻѽʮǰϽλһʱĽһ׳ϰɣ˾˵Ͻ˵еĴнˣͬʿ޵УŽϽĳϴλܿ伣˽ʮꡣȻ˸
Ǵˡǽף̶ʮʱ䣬Ľ׵Ϊڶǳһٶȣǿٶȣ˵ڰ֮ڴﵽ𵤾Ž۷塣зǳԣԪȥ׼ԪӤ硣
˵
⿿ǾٶȡۺĲѵĸ߽ҩÿöõ鵤ʮ֮졣
ϽµıǮСͼΪԪӤڳϡʦպΪԪӤڵʦڶɽǰ;
ʦɿļһ£аˣжҩҪۣ
˵һ«鵤ĵλݣӦжǧöɣҲˡ
ҡͷ
ǧöгһöŽ׵鵤ֵٿƷʯһ«ӦýǼֵƷʯҿһһ鵤Ʒʼá£ٴȥλҶϣ
ʦв²⡣ϽϵݣڰƷʯҲò֡

ֳһöƣھźźĻĻϡ
Ļ̴һ˸ߵĴ󶴡
²δȽȥãʦ룡
ںλɫżְʦ븻ûʵľźźᡣһŽᡣ
ڣҶءʸ桢򱦵ڽζĹۿŴڵ᳡
ʵѾʼ˳ڶ࣬˽һλá
᳡ڷʮÿһ̨רһЩͬƷ߽׷鵤ȵȣʿ
ڻֻ̨һЩ͵ΡĻССֶѡ
߳Ǵ̨
ȸ̨ġֵĲˣſʼ̨ľģȫѹرҲǲμᣬۺĽʿص㡣ڵԪӤʿſܻ־ġ
Ҷز˽תͷ᷿ſһһλߣ΢Щ㲣˫Ŀ񣬱˫֣Ե䵭°
ҶϣλҸʦʼΪŽ鵤
¾нܵ
Ҷϣ
ʦڣֱӽĿͣҶϣЦ
ʦ
ҶЦ
ҵҶϽҵѱС
ʦûҰڼӡ
öŽ鵤ҶƵģԼʦȻҲǸҶǰҲμ穣һأûκεطֵס
Ҷ鵤
ʦöƲӲӵľŽ鵤е㻳ɵĿ⿴ҶأҶؿȥ̫ᡣ
ɲǹ츳Сǳ£ķѪܻÿһλʦܴﵽһָ߶ȡ
һʦϰϡҶʦ̫
ǣ
ҶصЦƽϾ֮ƵľŽ鵤ЩʯƷһ£һļλ
Ѿʦ۷壡Ұ׸ǵ磬һָ˿ɼ
ʦûǮΪ̾
ΪʦҲֻͬеĶſƳ̬򣬾ԪӤʿҲ˸̾塣
鵤ھŽ鵤еƷʼ٣ЧҪͨ鵤֣ļۿɶΪİٿƷʯҵƷǵİʮƷʯһöӦò⡣֪Ҷж鵤ҿ԰һ£ø̨ųλãȥ
ҶشӴгһĽɫ«
࣬һľŽ鵤ʮö
Ҷص
ڣѻȸ
ʸǣһֱڹעᣬʱҲ̲ס㵵Ļͷ
ʲʲôôࡣ
ʦ˴ſ¿ˮ𾪵Ĳ֪˵ʲô
ܼǧƷʯ鵤ȵϰ׸оŽ鵤ܿʮ֮һ
㹻һ𵤸߽ʿÿöһ꣬ꡣ
һǧ𵤸߽ʿÿöһ²ꡣ
ֱľŽ鵤ȵһʿĴһĸ߽鵤
ֻҶһ꣬Ͼڼ鵤Ҫ֪ҶչǱʮ갡ָ˶鵤
ʦ̲ס˫ַԼⱲɵľŽ鵤ȫҲǿﵽ«鵤ѣûȣûȰ
ˣҲѵײһصľ޶
ȴüëһ̣ϲɫסһʴٲɡֻðٷ֮ҲǽƷʯɡ


465 
ô࣡ôģ
ʦҶر«鵤΢΢𺳵˼㡣
ֱǲܵ顣
ԭΪԼΪʦͬҲƳ鵤ֻƷʻҶصĲһЩѣҲ˶١
ڿȫôһ°
ⲻ鵤Ʒʵ⣬ǳʵ⡣
鵤䷽ҩΨȱ˻ϵҩѶȸߣҩƽ⣬ը¯ǼľŽ鵤֮һǳһʿ磬ʿ鵤һλʦʵ
Ȼʦʦ鵤鵤Ҳᳬٷ֮塣鵤̫ʧ̫ߣҼǮδرȱľŽ鵤߶٣ƽʱǲȥƵġ
ǣҶһʮö鵤
ôԼһ£һԼöҪô̵ʱ˴鵤ôҶϵĳʣܹٷ֮ʮʮܸߡ
ζţ˵ͬһˮ׼
ʦĳˮƽҶʦ۷ˮƽͬʦ಻һĴ
ʦģİһ±ݻ١ʿǰǸ߸ϵʦûԸҶǰֵһᡣ
¸ûע⵽ʦʧ̬ϲã˵Ҷϣһ«ʮöŽ鵤̫࣬᳡ûô𵤸߽ʿһŽ鵤ִ֮϶ȥ
һγ̫󣬿϶ᵼ¾Ž鵤۸񱩵ʮֲ㡣¹ţҪһµʱ䣬ܽЩ鵤ʺϵļǮȥ
ҶϣʯĻֱӽ«鵤ȫİöĸ߼۸ȫչܳԵģҲֻˡ
ҶصһЦ
鵤Ȼ֪Ϲ׸ʮҴ̻ᣬܹһڳǧƷʯĻһչ
±ǮҲ̻ͣδܳߵļǮϾ̻϶ҲҪǮŻ
ֱİٿļǮ̨̣İʮҵļǮյĽ̫ΪҪʿίĻгɣȡʮ֮һίӶ
Ž鵤ֻΪԼȴԼáĿǰڵΪʺϵ鵤İ˽鵤ܷ־Ž鵤
аɣһν꣬ҲʡҶһ¡иܹǧƷʯǧƷϵʯҡ
Ҷؿһ£Ц
һƷʯһƷʯƷʯƷʯȴСڷϣһƷʯܶһһһǧƷʯ
ͨҲԪӤʿŻʹƷʯۺһóǧƷʯʲô⡣
룬һҧӦˡʦƷʼۼ۹ǧƷʯ̻ỹҵͷĸ߽鵤ɽֻ٣ӶࡣҪǱ̻ˣʮֲס
ܿ죬±ĸʴ
Ǯ塣
򱦾͸˵ˡ൤Ƶ鵤ȫҲûҶһ«鵤ֵǮ

һ¥᳡ԽԽ֣ʿ
Լʱ᳡ڸ̨ġ͵ꡣ
ʸһö˫ϵĽ򡰱
ڸ߽׽󷨾
ɽΪɹУǮ͵ĿöۻƷʯ
ʸûҶسǮԼֱһʯˡ
ֵ̨ľġ
̨һʼģһƷ𵤡
µ𵤣ʮöϵУļۣһöʮƷʯޡĵһöϵ𵤣ڳλѳۡÿμӼ۲õһƷʯ
ʦ쳹ʿһ
ڣһºȻ
ϡȱƽš
ɰǧŽʿǳģ׷׾ƣųۡ
ʮ򣬸ң
׳գʮҪ𵤣Σҳʮ򣡡
öˣʮ򣬶
ʮ򣡡
ʿҵʱ򣬸вٵĽʿҲ׷׾˺ơȻԼţԼĵϵʿá
һּ۸̧𵤼۸ڽʮνмۻת۷һ࣬Ѿƽһء
ƣɵ顣
ļ۾ҪʮƷʯת۾ͱƽôô󣿣
ɫɲʱףпɬޱȡ
ǰʮ꣬ΪҪ鵤治ʯ꣬Ŭʯ˴ԼƷʯֶŲ裬òײͬʦʦֵܳʮƷʯǮ𵤵ı߶š
ڲųףһޱ̨ͨʿûһܹ꣬ʾ޶ʯֱ쿪顣
ǽծҲǼѡ
һöϵ𵤣񣬳ϰءϰ֮󣬿ǵͷڽֹʮֳۣձһʿһʮļǮߡ
Щʿһ˾ٸߵļǮ𵤣ͲˡϾֻһö𵤣ܽᵤˣһܵ͵Ľᵤʣδؾܽᵤ
Ҷؿһۡ
Ѿڵ۷壬ȥԪڰװ˷ѣһҲˡ
һ«ľŽ鵤ǧƷʯļǮҪһö𵤣ɵ顣
𵤵Ѷȣ鵤ҪһЩǣƽ𵤣뼯µʱ䣬ܸɱ飬Ӱ쵽
Ҷؿɲ뻨µʱ䣬רȥǽ𵤡Ȼһö𵤵ĳɱᳬʮ
ҲҪһö𵤣˵ҪʮܵھŽףĺܣüһʱ
Լһʱö𵤣ѾֱһʮһپʮƷʯ֮ļλ˳ȥ
ֻʣһö𵤣ûȥ
óˣһʮ򣡡
Ҷؾһеľźơ
źţһʮ򣡡
̨ϣʦеľźźһ£̼ӴĴ˳̨æ˰죬ڿԪӤˡ
᳡ϣԭĳ棬ͻȻһ¼žȻûһ˸ٱۡ
һŵʮ֮ڣǺרõƺšһ仰ҲԪӤʿרŵƺšڳĽʿʿһźƳۣ֪ԪӤʿ֣̲ٳᡣ
û˸ҸԪӤʿһö𵤣вҲҡҪŭԪӤ棬ɳԲ˶ߡ
žͻȻһͻأ𣬡۶򣡺ǺǣҶϣϣʯ㹻á
᳡ʱһƬľۡ
ĽʿôȥһλԪӤʿ
źź棬ɲԪӤʿϽҶϣҸղſۿһλҶϣʿȥġ
ǶҶϺݺɨλ𣡡
ѹ֣ѹ֣ϽĶԹкϷˡ


466 䡷ϣ
ҶһͻأͻȻһö𵤣΢΢졣Ŀһ·᳡ڣһȺĽʿ̧ͷžźŰῴ
м䣬ղŵļӼ۾ġ
Ҷزüͷ
ûʿԹǺĦһȺʿϽƣΪԼϵţѲöλųŷϵʿȡ裬Թ˭
һڣֱӼʮͻⳡ𵤵߼λ϶ʯĴء
գҪԼȥ
ڣŵҶأָסǽϵһö𵤡ҪĲʱھûƿ
ʮ򣡡
Ҷɫκ̬ۡ
򣡡
ʮ򣡡
İ򣡡
˵ıۣһһ۸֮죬ڳĳǧĽʿʿĿࡣⲻһö𵤣ʿϽϵ֮˭ڲѹĹ˭
Ʒʯбͼ
ҶЦ
ǵǶ
뻨ʱȥ𵤵ĻͱҪõö𵤡Ʒʯǳġ
ĽʿȻƣ˾ҪãҪõ𵤣ҲҪʿ֪ƴҲûʸԼơ
أһɲǣӶǺˡҪһóƷʯ˵ҲһɵСĿ
ڽʿΪҶ˼ĳۣе𾪡
һС־ģʼҡֹҪøҶİɡ̫ˣԶλʮæ꣬ҲδǮ
УͣڶֻҪźŰҪʲôǾǮ¡һҶѵһȺʿҪѹ˻ΪĽʿϽĳϡ
ٶȼ죬Ĵʯ鵤ӵеʯֻң̫ࡣūɹĽʿɳＯǧʯ㹻
иʿ̬ȼ
򣡡
һҧһ˵֡
ߣҵҪһƣϽ峤ϣжǮƣ
ҶأѵƴƴҶأ
۵ͬʱͷҲڵѪ
Ʒʯ򵽶ٺԪȫöˡҪǣⶫʵһöûСңɹõͼ۵Ľ𵤣ͲҪľ޶ʯ
Ʒʯ⻹ԼܹܵʧΧ֮ڡλżҽ𵤵ӷ̯һ£ÿҲʧʮƷʯѣʧ󡣡
аοԼ
ģǷˡΪ˳һȻǮ
˼ϽĳϣĽʿȻƴ֣ǮǮһҲеʹ
ڣಢԣĽʿЩĽʿ˵ִ֮ҲòһǮġ
źźڣʦΪǱʾľŽ鵤˰죬ֱΪҶ𵤶֣Żع
һö𵤺̧˸ߵļλʦҲЩɵˡңĽ𵤡
ҶҪö𵤣
ʦæ˵򰡣һöǰ³ɹģί̸ҪĻֱӰö𵤵ίʮļǮˡûҪԩǮĽ𵤣
ԳίУ
Ҷһ£Щ⡣
ȻֻҪûгɽίǿԳö𵤣ʦƵģȨ֮ǰ
һŵĽ£˵
ҶسĬˣƺڿǡ
ʦһʶľ޲ƣԽӽɱ鵤϶ϣܽύ飬ɲǷ
֪ҶغĶжԹڿҪҪõ⡣һתͻȻѹʦϲö𵤵ļǮµһСС⣬ҶϣݺݵĴѹǶһüһѣ
Ŷ˵
ҶأʦĸȤ
̵һѼı˵˳ҶԾԸ߼ۣ½𵤣ݺݵĴһơȻʦҶϣ˽ʮļ۸ɽױˡǶ˵飬̸ֻӶ𣬲ָ֤λܷʰǶǡ
Ҷغʦ꣬ȻŹЦ
ʦֱͬˡ
ãⰡ
Ҷһĺƣʦ֮ǰһλһǧ򣡶ҷһļۡҪǸҷһۣҲٷһ֪ûһԣ
һȶϴαһ
᳡ʿʱȻ𶯣Ȼ󲨣Щͽ׵ʿ𺳵ιȥƴ꣬Ҳһͷ
һǧһöĽ𵤣ǰδеĸ߼ۡԪӤʿּ۸𵤣ҲѪһѲС
ⲻǴϽҶϣҪϣҪʿѵʿ
λϽҶϣ̫ˡݲǱĽʿжһѹִܵϽ峤ϡ
һֱƲ׼Ϸ޹ΰʱҲˣнȣ֪ǸúϻǸô򿪡
㷭ңҡ
Ϣ٣Ӷˣץеƣͼıۡ
侲мˣҪһҶĿ϶ֲˡ
ģֵð
ΧʮĽʿҪ̼ʧȥǣһ¶ˣæһӵϣеƣֹġ
ҪļģһˣȫҪΪһöԽȥΪöôֵǮĽ𵤣ȥǧİǰҹҪѪɹͳϣҪһѪͷͨͨʮꡣ
̨ϣĿʦ̲סһ¿ˮһ²û˼ۣһǧƷʯ
Ҳǰʡ
ڳǧʿ˭֮ϣӼ۰
ɽ


467 䡷£
ãµĽʢһСƿڣһŮ͵źźᡣ
Ҷش򿪵ƿֻһĵҩֱתָ档
лҶʦ壡
漤Ľӹƿһᾡʯϡ
ֻĽķݡ
ᵤɹ˵ɡ
Ҷص˵ֽ꣬ʮƷʯʦ˵⻹öлѣҪȻҲˡ
𵤱Ͳֵ̫ǮɹڲۣҲʮʮʯ㹻ãܰѳɱ͵ʮʯ¡Ҫ𵤺ʿʮö𵤣ǲһļλ
ʦҶصʯЦտޱȵҪǳƵĻɱӦüͣպпգҶָһ
ȻҪԼ򡣵Ǹʿָ㣬Ҳ°빦ЧһʵҲܲ޴Ч档
ʦȡҶصԭ򡣶ʦʿ˵һö𵤸㲻ʲôصĶ
д轻洦պҲҪһ
ҶЦ
˵˵
Ҷأʦн˹Ц
һ𵤵ĺϷʿĲҰܶաǹƾͷҲ֪ôġ
ⳡᣬԶԶûн̨Ķر
ܿ죬Ůһ̨̣
ڣʢһƴС֪Ĺľ̵ɢŵɫΡ
ڣһľͯӣһ˫С֣һöСˮ͸⻪ʥӣׯ¡
ˮڣƵ֣ͬһ㣬Źת
ʣľȫˮڡ
䡷
˷һϹɷôϣ
ߺźͰ˺źڣλԪӤ棬ͬʱ΢ľ㵡
ᣬΨһһؼġ䡷
ʦһ񣬴󺰡
ⷨǲǰһλѰĽʿѪɫ֮õı䡣ţһλԪӤʿı䡣
ϵ䣬Ҫ󼫸ߡʹһϵԪӳЧ
ʦڴѣûһϵ׹ûκãλ֣س۾ġ
׸߽ؼʺϽ𵤺ʿԪӤʿ
ؼ޷ƣǽеһϵɹļۣһǧƷʯǶؼļλԪӤʿؼҲû˳ɫ

ߺźͰ˺ڵλԪӤʿȻ໥ʶմ
⡶䡷ǰһλʢľϵԪӤʿУϣ˵λû뵽˾Ȼˣⷨ䣬Ҳһλʿȥ
ѲⰡѪɫ֮츳ٸߵʿҲ䡣Ҳ֪ʿǷʲô⡣
ⷨ䲻ԪӤʿ˵Ҳѵõɾ
ԪӤʿΪ⶯ȴҡҡͷϧҵȶԼĹؼԼ֮ãǿԪ˭ҲûȥµĹԪ
ⷨ䣬Щ𵤺ȥɣ˵ǶɹǵݣȻܸϾ֣˵ⷨ䣬䵽˭У
˺ŰԪӤʿЦ
˵ҶСϣ𵤣һһǧʯϷ򶼳һЩɹľСﰡ

ڣ󲿷ֽʿϢ񣬵ɴ۾쳤˲ӣſ˭ۡ
һǧʯļλɷ䣬󲿷ֽʿ
ң⻹һؼѡ
ؼûκõġ
ⷨ䣬Ҫȥϵԭϣһ׼ƷϵԪһ׷ζļԪס
ķѵĲ¶ǧ֮ޡ
󲿷ֵĽ𵤺ʿԴҲֻиɵ۵ķݣ
ԪӤ棬ɹĲΪܵʿݷ䡣
ҳ־ؼģе
ⳡᣬֻܹоŸʿ
Ҳ˵Ҷ֮⣬аλԪӤʿҲڿⳡᣬǷкµƷҪġ
ʦ꡶䡷֮󣬴һŵ˺źᣬĵģûκζЩԪӤʿгֵĴ㡣

һʱ䣬Ȼû˭ۣڵȣǰ˸ᣬǷԪӤʿ֡
ЩԪӤһֵĻʣµĽʿ϶ûϷ
ڽʿҲڵȡźŰҶػ᲻ٶȳ֡
Ҷģ᲻ٳ֣
ܣһǧ˼ֵʮĽ𵤣вļһǧġ䡷
ȷ
ϽɹƿĲǮ򷨵䣬ĻҶԼǾܡ
Ҫٴѹɣȡˣ
һĽ𵤣ڽʿ򡱵ĻͷûԼӽȥһΣĽʿǽˣûҾԿ϶Ҷصĵߡ
޹ٹΰʿڵĵطôԸҶء
ɫ̣һԲľȻĴڴڵʿϡѾڶΰҶصУҶǰܵĳףܵɥ޶־

ڽʿԥǺöԶȽмֵܲ£ȴ˵
ҶҲڵȣѹһƵļ
ϸڣһŵѾˡ
һϵԪû⡣ֻǣ֪ôϵ
һϵɹ䡷̨ϣϲ⡣ƽʱңҲδҵõ
ҶԼднѾ㹻׷䡣ֻһױ𽣾ͨѾԵЩһЩ
׷䣬ø
ڣԪӤʿûгֵĴ֮󣬴ôλۺĽ𵤺ʿ̲סơһǧʼӣʮνмۣǵһǧҡ
ı۲ҡ
Ͼܳǧؼλʿټ٣ʮλ
һǧ򣡡
źźᣬһ£ֱۡ
źŰٶȳۣڽʿϡʿ𶯡ԭƣҶûвȥ
Ľʿ޹ٹΰūӣһҶصʵϸ
һǧٸһѣͲţĲһǧɷȥҲ
޹ٹΰһȴԳˡ
һǧ߰򣡡
Ҷ̬쳣һĺơ
ǲϧľԼ鵤õǧҲҪ⡶䡷
Ž鵤ʯ䡷һȴ֪ܲٵõ
һǧ˰򣡡
ΰݺݵºơ

ǧ򣡡
һźᣬһӵصϿա
ƺֻжʮ꣬Ĳ˼顣ǣ̺ż׾ٵѹ˴ʿȴǻʵԪӤ档
ɲǼѻȸ
ԪӤʿڳˣ
ͼһҶشѹȥ޹ūĽʿҲһȫˣٱۡǲҶλϽϣⲻζţǸȥһλԪӤ档
һźᣬλԪӤ棿


468 ʥʷ
䡷Ҷغ޹ٹûнչҽֵĳ̶ȣΪһźʿͻȻۣȻֹ
ֻٹҶͬҲʶȤֹۣͣûȥ
ŽΪҲ̶ʮꡣƴΪƴƴһڶɽԪӤʿԶ׼顣
ҶΪ٣лмƣһźڵԪӤ棬Ϊʲô粻֣֣ƫƫԼۺʿᣬͻȻᵶᰮ
һԪӤʿˣûʲôܸУֻЩϧǡ䡷ûԼ
λһŰ棬ˣǱԳӴġأҲ֪ɹ档
ڵĽ£ҡͷҶ٣ͷȥ̸ûĶɷ䣬Ȼδܱȵ⡶䡷Ҳ̫
ʱһλ𵤳ʿһźո̨ڵʿ֣òһ۵ȡ
ݡ䡷ҼҹҪˣλ
ʿ˵꣬⿴Զľźźᣬһ֣ЦҶ֣òһɺãҼҹ룬ҶƲСƬ̣
ʷ
źŰڣҶȻվɫ䡣
ʿϤĲϤˡʷ˭
Ҷؿ˿Цݴкʷֿ˿һźᣬɫĪ⣬ڶͷ
ʮ꣬ʷЯһʮһ½ȥʥһʱ䣬Ҳô½صˡ
ʷոһض࣬ضǿĳ̡
һŰԪӤΪӣЩֻۣ²ʥʱпʥʵһҲԪӤʿ
֪ʥʵı˿ڵص׹Ҳ˶
ʥʵ£ˡλɽĴ𣬲ǰ
Ҷʷ룬ȥһۣзࡣܲ˵ģȻԷûвȡʲôжӦò
λ棿
ʸЩ֣ҶأδύλصԪӤʿʦ¡򱦵ʿĪͷԣҶظһŰĹʲôϵ
ǰżȻһλǰܾãˡһ£ҹȥݻһλ档
ҶпЦȴɱƽ˵꣬˾źźᣬһɹʮɿռ䣬һźſڡ
Ҷ֣룡
ʷһϳɳأҶλѣΪˡΪҪҶص𵤽ײ㣬ֻҶΪֵķˡ
ʷ룡
ҶؿЦǻϰ
ʷһͬһźᡣ
һĻָ̽ȫ
һźڣȻʮʿվ
ҶһݣЩӦöʥʿʥ۵ѾС
ϣһʿΣţӢ信覴ãĿȴһ䣬Ʒֹ֮䣬֮бһɻ֮
ϻһеʥϢϢڡˡϣʮֵĹ졣
Ҷؿʿòʥ߰˷ԼһʥʵģüĴһƣɢŵɫ⻪
Ҷһȫ׹Ȼʥʵһһǿѹ֮ҶظеţӦԪӤڵʵ
ʩ񣬡Ҷأμʥǰ
ʿĿ˸ϷʵЦСӣּˣʵľŽˣ˿̿ɻϣ
ȻֻһΪʥʵһ֣ԹȥһĿҶذߵ𡱣ǵһ
ڣ㻹ǰ
ҶؿЦȻùһŽһûˡвᣬûҽѣʮָɴ࣬װĴȡ
ʥʱڵعռˡ
ʥʵķˣһûȥǡ
ˡֻǱعĽ𵤿ܣûʲôôŰɡ˵ڶȡʱ˲ٵҵԳϣҲǹ֡һҲǷֶԹһ塣
ʿһ֣ƴ֣⡣
˿˵ġҡȴָָʥʡʷҶضˣ˵мĶ顣
ڵλʿһĽҪҶǴŽʵǻҪǿһء
лǰ
ҶȴľϲҲ᲻ýŽȥŽڵʵ˵Ǹ൱ս
ȻʥҪҲͲˡ
֮䣬ոʿġ䡷ҲŮ͵һźᡣ
ʿȡľͯӣ΢΢̾˵Ϲɾ䡷ǱϲղƷ֮һʥʹ٣˷䲻֪˭ȥˡû뵽ǧ֮շתֻصʵС
ˮеķѾ͸ˣҲ˷ѡȻ֮ǰ⡶䡷ɣ
ʿֶҶء
Ҷһ½ţȴסʥ䣬ǴҪ
⡶䡷ֵǧƷʯ޹޵£˺񣡡
Ҷһ£ͯӣ˻ȥ
ôǲңǲԸʿһҶؾܾ£ʱһüɫҪ˭ƷûиҲյġ
ǲҲԸǲܡʥԸ⽫Զǧۼ¡
Ҷضѹ
ʥʵĶԹѾһ壬ɲǷ顣
ʿҶؿ˺һüͷȴͻȻչ
ҲգȻѱ걾ҪͶЧʣ㲻ϣȻ˱һѡ⡶䡷ɡ
Ҷϲͯӡ
֪ʴ˴طΪζ
֪
ʴ˴طΪ˱ʿյУҪˣҪ뿪˶ҪҲһʱ
ʥǰǡ
Ҷɻ
ʴؽʥʹⱱ׸ǣȻΪʿΪʥʹЧ
ʿָָڵʮλĽʿڳλǼǱĽʿѾͶʥʹ¡ʵǶǿԸͶЧʣʿԿǸ㼫źĴ
Ҷһѩʥ֮ҪͶʥʹ¡
ǣȴҶزĬ
ΪϽ֮ǰῼһ£ǷбҪʥʹ
ڣȻϽĳϣȻٿʥʹ
ʥʾҲһϣܸߵλ
ȻϽϵĵλҲ̫⡣
ֻϽݣ£ѡңϽϣôͨظţĻģɲǷϽκζպ뿪Ͻʱˡʥ£δɡ
ֺαϽϣƽ޹ʸͶʥʹ


 Ѫɫ֮
Ѫɫ֮Ⱦߡʿ޵Ѫʶô


469 Ͻ
ʿƺҶصĳĬľܾûͶʥʹͷ
Ǳʣչ֮𵤾Žûʲô⡣ʣ꣬㹻ʱȥ׼ɴ٣ܴϣΪԪӤʿһɹϽϽĴнС潣󡢰պ𶫺ɽ磬Ҳδزܡ
ʿһ£ڲԸͶЧʣҲǿ
Ŀ͸ң˼
ɽ磬ԶҪӣûг·ġɽ磬ϵܣĵ̫̫֪ġ֪ǧﶫˣǺεط֪֮⣬ңԶ翵ıʲôطԪӤʿͻԴ˺ܸȤˡȥ֮濼ǿǰɡɽ磬һʵΪպݺͱʺʵʾԿ
ҶضЩ֪٣ֻܳĬһ£ʵʥǰһֱиɻ󣬰˼⣡֪ܷ֪
˵
½عɽ٣ǷͻԪӤں۷壬˸ߵľ磿
ҶСĵʵʥʱʿعǺܶ飬ɻ䡣
ⲢʲôܡʴﵽԪӤ۷壬ڵعڶɾ׽٣ȷʵ̤˸ߵĻ񾳽硣ֻǣͣڼݡʴ֮󣬻ָԪ㱻˺ħ˼ɶ͵ϮֵԪӤڡ
ΪȻԪӤڣʵԪȴһߣպͱΪеͷҪô˻Ҫôʧټȴɻš
ʿŪеϬţǱյǲм԰
ڣʷʮλʿһĳ羴ʥʷܹʥЧĸԵ
ԪӤھ磬˵ѾǸ߲ʣ졣
ԪӤڻߵĻ񾳽磬ǸɽֹĴڡⶫɽ磬ڴ˵вŴڵľ磡
޷ġ
ʲǰõһϢһλħ˵λͷҲǱյУƺѪɫ֮ûټʵıѾȥѪɫ֮׷䣬ǻܲҵ֮𣬱ǲ׷Ź
ʿĿһâ
һ˲޴ѹŶڵڽʿ䤱
Ҷа󾪣ʥʱȥѪɫ֮
˵ʥʱҲع˶ʥʱǿԪӤŽ۷ΪԪӤڵ֪ٱ
Ҷزδһźôһȥ
ʥʺħ˾ͷĳԹǲȥĻһСģнʿһȺԪӤʿУҲֻڻҵ
һŰڣձƬҲصźŰᣬҶصʿۿᣬЩ鱦֮Ҫ
һϽĽʿʱȴҴźŰ⣬Ҷϣ̫ϳϡ´ţٻعһˣҪ飡
Ҷز죬Ҳûʲô顣
Ҫ£ͨĽʿǲ֪ġ
ûУʦ¶˸ǣͻʸԼ桢򱦵뿪
ʸֱȥ൤
ҶǰϽ

Ͻ
ʿһ糣ûκ
Ҷؿ첽Ͻһͨ
ȴ֣սš
ټϽ𵤺Ѿܲڿֹʿ
ҶеƣͨɸһܱյıչҡҲֻҪ£λϲŻȫĵط档
ڣź̫ϳܺ裬༸λꡢأλԪӤ棬ѾڣһϡһڹޣԱҶ硣
ϸոյҶأϽλ߲ʿȫ롣
Ҷϣˣ͵ˣ
ܹЦ
λϣ
ҶԪӤһһڱչһ£ɻʲôˣ
Ͻ߲㶼ˣֱ˵Ҫ¡ոյõҪϢλ֮һ飬̸˱⡣
ܹ˵εı͸¶ԼԪʣʮꡣҲ˵ʮޣλ
ĿǰһĴɹѾ˱λ󡣰Ͻ޹ū
ĴɹĺѡˣʵΪӽ˭Ҳ˭
λ̸֮һɹѪɫ֮ԹѫСλ˵ˣһɹʿµͷ­࣬һɹĹƱλ㲻ĴɹֻҪҲԽλ
̫ϳܺˣƺѾ֪ϢԲԵ𾪡
ҶȴǱסˣʧʮԪӤޣΪΣʸ񱻳֮ΪʿÿһʿѶԸҪɱʿҪս
λ˼ȷҪսѪɫ֮׼˱塣
ܹڵɽйءǶʿӴ󣬵̲϶ѾƽѪɫ֮ʿ̫࣬鵺ȴЩҪõ鵺붫ռѪɫ֮
սʤȻ˵ǣսʧأ
Ҷѹסͷ𺳣ʵ
ʧܣЩĴʿѪɫ֮ҲܴʯӦѹٲΪʯѷڲҡ
̫ϳܺ裬ĮĽӿ˵
Ѿֻ˵飬Ҳħ˵飬ĳһʿܹġħͷҲһͷᣬͬҲ˵˴νɽ磬巢һȫĹռѪɫ֮
ܹҡҡͷΪεһսԱġֻܷͷ߻ܣֻɹʿ֪й¶
⣬ޡūɹѾǲһʿǰѪɫ֮ϽɹҲ˵Ͻһظţģؼʱʹã벻Чת棬Ҳռ˱ˡ
һϢǹʥʡ֪һϢʥѾ뿪˵صʥʹһɽʥʵ£ѾڶŶɫ
ܹŵ
Ϣģ¶Ҫ졣һľͷ
̫ϳܺ裬̾ʥҲҺɽΪСǧǰɱһΣǧ֮ҲɱڶΡ
ˣ¡ϽʥҲûʲô𡣡
ܹЦǲһʿ壬ڴģѪɫ֮һЩݵ㡣ڿʼ֣ΪպܱսԼ˱ᣬµķʡ
ҶϣΪ˱ɡϽǲʿǽʿһжʮϽʿѪɫ֮Σ
Ҷһ£ұչǱʮ꣬Ҫȥ˴ʲô
򵥡ҪռѪɫ֮ĸ꾡鱨ϸѪɫ֮ͼϽִһѪɫ֮ĵͼ˵ͼÿһµĵͼѾܾˡɱʿ飬ֲȥ֣ȻбԼĴԳ֡
ܹȻ
һսܹ赭д֮УһССı߽ǡڴ˿Ͻʿ˵ģȴʿͷ­ϽɹĻԻ͵λ
սյĽ֣ȴ˭Ҳ޷Ԥġ̫󣬷ĳһʿܿ塣

൤
Ҷػص൤ʱѾҹ
٣ǳʲô飿
ʸȵЩһҶػѯʡ֪ûд£Ͻĸ߲ǲȫͷ֮
ħͷѾѪɫ֮ɱʿսƻᱬ̫ϳϣϣӣһѪɫ֮ңѾͬ˽񡣡
ҶزδұչǱʮ꣬ҪԪӤ뾭ǲᣬѶɴ٣ǾɲԪӤģ
ʸЩ𾪣֮󣬲ŵҪȥĻһȥ
š
Ҷؿűӣĵ˵ͷ
Ϊʵһֱ١ֻԪǿԵһЩңԪӤһ˵顣
ͬҪϵͻԪӤ
һڶİȫ򣬶Ѫɫ֮ޱȡԪӤʿҲʱܶ
±κһΣҪΣհٱûжٰաǣܲȥһֱڰȫĺǵòġ
䣬ҲҪһ𡣡

֮
һжӣʮϽĽʿʱװûоκʿֱǰٺǡ
֧ӣһɫϽڡʿ
µķУִٺǡ
ٺһСǣ쳣æʹ󣬿ֱѪɫ֮ĸأݵ㡪Щݵ㣬߳Ѫɫ֮ĸݵء
ȻˣһȺϽĽСʿ̫ĿҲռѪɫ֮ϸ鱨µͼ
ǱֿСж
ҶغͻʸһСӣϽĽʿʿһСӣֱӴѪɫ֮ĸݵ㣬ɴ˴νѪɫ֮ռ鱨ͻƺͼ
ٺǣʹ
ÿնڶĽʿԪӤʿѪɫ֮ǴѪɫ֮ءҶһȺʮϽĽʿʵҲࡣ
һҫ۵ĹâٺǵĴʹ󸲸ǡ
ϵƷʯڿġҫ۵İ׹ﵽ㣬ҶءʸԼʹڵʮʿһͬʧڴʹڡ


470 Ϲս
һ׹Ҷۡ
ͻʸһͬ͵ʮʿһ¶ĴʹСЩ˲ϽʿǶɹĽʿʶ
Ҷշʮɣɿ쿴һΧĻԵһ¡
Ϲս
һҾ͹սļװϡ
ҹսǳһ۵ĺ̲ϡ
бߴɣǧɣƵΦбһ࣬ΦϻʮںХмҪõɫ޷
ǿĴ̦޺߲⼣Կս֮Զ
ϣٸССڿڣһ̨ͭ¶
ҶؿЩ̨Ȼһ̨ڵصʥʹȻͺڣһȥһʿҲС顣
ͺ뷢ԪӤʿҲмܲס
ǶߣѪɫ֮ټƴ͵֮һġսݵ㡯ˡʸȵһսžĴ󺣣˵
Ҷص˵ͷ
˵ҹսǾͨں溽СǱСշУװͺڣԺɱʿ
һսʱڣִսԪӤݣý
ϧսѾ꣬ûˡ
вҶءʸһĽʿսˣ档
һ͵˵صĽʿм֣Ϥ˵صĻ뿪װϵĴʹֱӼٷҹսвһԽ봬յڡ
Ҷغͻʸһۣɿ˹ȥ
봬պΣҶЩϡ
ڲռ伫󣬴ҲΪƣ˿ǰưܼڶĽʿΪ֣ȵ϶ɳǵһСͷйģˡ˾ȵǣӴиǿѹŲԪӤʿ
Ѫɫ֮Ȼͬһ㣬һݵ㣬ԪӤʮңѹҪϲźý롣
ʸܵЩ˵ѹ̾
ҶЦѪ֮أ˵ʿûԪӤޡûЩԪӤϹսݵҲ类ˡ
Ҷر˵´ֻıڵļ֮ϣ硰鵤֮ңչָ߽ԭϡ
Щҵ½ǴĿһѪɫǻռǣռгѪɫŭεͼͬħ˵ıʶ
ҶغʱԶһֵĽʿЦλӣǵһѪɫ֮ĹŴݵ㣿ǮˣѪɫ˵ʿ¶ＫΪϤλɷҪ¶Դ˵ؽһֻһƷʯɡ
һһƷʯ˵ĺδҶһУյأʸҲǿģʿĿ䣬סЦ⴫Ҷص
һƷʯԽʿѲʲôĿҶȻҲģӴȡʯǮˣͷǮ֡
ǮʯЦŨλղڿѪɫռǰɣѪɫ˵ıʶǶ˺ħ֮ʿó֯鵺ֻѪɫ֮ڽó
ҹսǱó׾ݵ֮һʿЩݵ㲹ʣǳѪɫ֮ջƷεƷڱջ
мһ㣬ڱŴݵ֮ڣϽн𵤺ʿԪӤ֡һԪӤ档
˵䣬ҶڴֽʿǵķΣȻʿǱҶϽʿһѪɫ֮ϣȴǴɺϡ
ЩڼǮ̸Ҷغ󣬲һ㶣ŭ
ףⲻϽҶСôѵðѵãҶһֱ뿪Ͻ쾹ȻԳ߶ˣλʦֵܣҶϣ
ۺ죬ҶȻûажԴʿĻԹɲˡ˵ǰҶػ˵ϣݺݵʿӡ
ʱʿӶּҶءʸ䵥λѪ֮أӵĽ𵤺ʿ˿̵סԷ̣
ʿԶǹЦЦһĶҶˡģҪ֪ݵϽھҪˡ
ʸüһЩ˵ţ˵ŭδЩ಻סֻǸյ֪˵عأֲƳ֮Щơ
Ҷظܵʾο
պλ
ҶҲúЩ֮ϵӮ˵һ仰ͱһΪիĸȥ
λȵȣһûأǮ˸ߺһҲһСܵĸȥ
ιλʿǴ˾ݵϢ֮ͨˣǼһЩµѰ鱨Ҫкõ鱨˫ʯһʿ״æк
˭ǮȴǺձ˵֣ͷҲصĵޣү֣ʲôⶼǲ֮⣬ȥѪϴɾɣ
ûϵǮ˾˻ش𣬲ɫ࣬޿κΡֻҪϹսݵ㣬ʹΪֻнҲޱȣںǼʿ
ӵʿ˲õʵȻʦ֣ǺβҶĳȥݺݸѵ
ȻЦһ޴ֻǽѵĻʲô壿ԷϽǼܴӰıһɣϢ©Ͻضŭû԰սⳤǲԶ֣ɹϽʿֱɱʱ˫ʵ޹˱֮λıˡ
ǣѵôŹô׶ˣҶĿ͵úӣһչؾʮ꣬ѵѪɫ֮λѵðʦ֣
ļЩ߷߲ƽ׷׽Ե
ߣǼʲôֻ˵ԶֶѡȻѪɫ֮ǾͱٻŻȥˣѪѰɢޣ䵥ɹϣǺܸȤģ
ǶȻʦܵ
Ȼ˵ЦһҶȥķһۺתһңֻһѵѪϽͼĸȥʿҲһߴƨĸȥ

Ҷءʸ߽իΪ˺ȾƣǾƼ̽µϢ
ǰ˸оء
ΪϹսǸǳں̲ϣԴЩбϵĶǽϵʿ߼ȻްƷɾͲһˡ
ֻ⸱ǰǽ̶һ޴ĻͭͰװƷ𣬼찤Ųն
бľͰϷֱͭͨÿ롣ƿڴһµͭСޣֻһʺƼѽ
ʱмλʿȡƷһʱƷ磬ټǰΣΪ
ʱſڸղűʿס˵ǮˣҲſڱλƶûѻ˵ءһҪ鱨֪λǷȤ


471 żţϣ
ʲô鱨
Ҷصʵ
Ŀ֮һ֮⣬ǾܵռѪɫ֮鱨յأ֪̫٣֮ΪȻǮ˿еġҪ鱨ĸȤղǮ˲ŽŴĶѪɫˣ㱻ʿɨ£ûѻ˵ꡣ
λȵի£һһϸ˵
Ǯ˼Ҷ⶯кի£Ʒ´˵صѪƵ𡣴˼ȡѪɫ֮еɣָ֮Чֻеȣʤڷζأ𴦿Գ
ԷʢҶҲܡ
ӹǮʢıյԸʢһϸϸһƷζʴŵѪرһɺ
ֻƷЧԶȲҶľƷϼ齬
ҶزϰֿζһԿڸ̫֮⣬ǳֹǮġ
λѪɫ֮֮ǰ϶Դ˵صдԵ˽⡣Ѫɫ֮Ѫ֮أȾԼĶߣʿ޵ѪҵʱﺣˮȾһƬѪ죬ôмΪҲֶεаʿ壬߽޳û
Ǯ˼׵Ѫɫ֮գ촽ǣΪʲô˶ĽʿԴ˵֮ͣԪӤҲ˵أ
Ǯ˵ͻȻͣ£۾ĶҶأȻϣҶܹӿڣҲ̽̽Ҷصĵϸ
ҶصЦȴһԲܹݣθڵСϷϵ
ǮСûҶصĽӿڣֻεЦЦŵԭһǧĵر𵤼ϵϡޣ㷢һǮһȴǴ˵дϹżѪɫ֮ʮʮսЩϹսż鲼Ѫɫ֮ÿһսߡޣ֪ж٣ű׷Ԫ񷢰ǹЩʿǰ˵̽Ѱ
ԭҶ¿еҪ鱨򵥰ɣ
Ҷصʵ
ȻǣƶոոյõһϢһصϹսżйء
Ǯ˵ͻȻտڲԣƲ˵
Ǯ˵صʱȻͣ
ҶصȻǮ˵˼Ǯ˲θڣҪʯſϼ˵ȥˡ
һ£ͳʮƷʯϡ
Ǯл˵޷鱨øʯһҲ١֪ʮ飬е鱨
ҶĿ⵭ȻĶǮˡ
ɲΪԼѪɫ֮㣬ܵõʲô˵鱨Ǯ˿е鱨ǹĳͨϹż鱨
Ѫɫ֮Ϲż϶кܶʿȥͻȻðҪ鱨׵õ
ʮƷʯһͨ鱨Ѿ㹻ˡ
˹ˡ˾ͲЦˣ
ǮֺǺҶصʯλֹȻʹ졣Ǳһĵã鱨һ͡
λѪɫ֮ز֪Ѫɫ֮ðգҪһʲô
ʵܼ򵥣ȲȥѰҲȥɱޡҵḻʿɰ顣Щ֣Ѫɫ֮ĻϤ죬֪ﰲȫȥģȥġֻλѪɫ֮޾飬ڴյؿ´粽УΣն֪
½ܼλʿʶǼ𵤸߽ʿȥһϹżѰȱ֡ǶøЩȥϹżʶʶֿΣ
Ǯѣ㲻УǶ˵İɣ
ҶͻȻЦ
ʵҲŴݵһССнˣʿ֮䴫鱨һнѡҪŲˣҲԾڴˣȥˡ
ǮЩ죬ҪѾҶصʯҪͷˡ
ǮѪɫ˵ˣغѪɫ˵ȻѣŵĹ˵ɣʲôˡ
ʿѰʿΪ׵ʿڰ˽ףʵϼѣŴݵһҲΪ
ǰƶ֮Ϲַ鱨ǳ⼸Ѱʿȥ˵ǰһѪɢ¶һϹսַԼǧżڣƺйʿҳûԹ顢ʬã˺
ҳ֮ΪַѰʿһνַʱ׼㣬˼ͬû룬Ȼصһ׼һļͬҵн飬æЩʿһͬǰżľλϸ鱨Ҫ֪ܵ
ҶϸҲͷ
Ǯ˵ĲѪɫ֮գǳҪҪûоḻͬһͬǰԱ⡣
οбͬУһ¡
ΪѵáżǰһֱѪ֣ű֡ȥʿ϶٣ַıҲࡣȥԽԽѰʿҲַᱦλȤƶ԰λǣߴţȥʿʶ
Ǯ˴ʱҲ˵꣬˵ȴ
Ҷغͻʸһۡ
ʸͷȻѪɫ֮ȥ̽һַ̽
Ҷ˾ǾͷǮˣԺƬ̣ȥȥ
Ǯ˲֪Ҫȥʲôʣ˵ͷ
Ҷغͻʸ뿪ի
ȥ
ʸɻ
ղʱ򣬿һ䷨̣ж׷¡гۡ
ҶЦŽ̫ͣæ׼һ·¡һϽƽʱ²㡣ȥѡ׶ס£㱻ɽУҲֵܵ¡
ʸŵͷȻ
һذײ˿ȹǵͽ׷£Լڶƽʱûʲôڴ˵ȷʵףʱҲ㡣
ҶءʸŴһμ߷ĵ̡ķһӦȫ𵵴εķ¶гۣȻҪȰ׸Թһ㡣
һѡ˸ѡһ׶˿£һ˿סһ˿¾װһ˫˿ѥǶ׷вķֵܹ׷ĹԪҲ޷һ»ķ¡
Ҷػһ任Ƭ̲żһ֮ȴЩ㶡
ԭһϮȹƮƮɵıڻһ˿Ƴɵĵɫâķ£üĿ͸¶ЩӢףһ顣
˵ҶغͱһЩ꣬ټַĴ磬ῴôˡ
ʸҶؿЩ˼ۼոһĨ˵̺죬һɴҴϣߡ
λǺ۹⣬ɫ˿£ڷǾޱȡλôһװͬһһ㣬ɷˣ
һλĽŮʿĿ¶ȣֱʸɴңŻعά
ҶԵһЦԷûǿڱʯķϣȻʲô
һ׶˿װȻãۼҲߴһƷʯȴҲ˭ġ
ףѡͬķ£봢Ը󣬸İٿƷʯͱһصիС
Ǯѣ·
Ǯ˼Ҷض˻װ΢΢һ£Цλ汾
ڹŴ߹հ䣬׵ĴһɴСĿڡ
һŮʿͷڻ̸ཻʲô
Ǯˣ
һλʿλǣ
ƶǽ£λʿѪɫ֮н꣬ḻƶҲһ塣λףʿʿλȥǻżһˡģԼ˵һ¡
ǮЦŽܵ
Ҷسλʿȥǽ𵤺ʿ
Ϊ׵ʿǮ˽ܵһȳȣ˫вʱоתȻΪΪн𵤰˽ҡ
ףʿҶһۺ󣬱أԵͷ֪ЩʲôɫľګЩĬһľȣΪۣΪҲֻʿһߣҲн߽ס
һŮʿΪףʿ¡ȥᣬòĽһֽŮ͸˼ʡ


472 żţ£
Ѫɫ֮ʿƺԸ͸¶ϸҲãʡȥ鷳Ҷа룬һ˵λѣҶ·˻ʸʿ
˵䣬ԷҲڴҶضˡ
ʿҶؿԼ۲תȴǽЦǣǮѽģԭλڵĵܵѽżɲ˭ȥȥǣǰλͬɶǽ𵤺ڵʿʵ㣬ȥϹżѰ·
Ц䣬ʿЦϵĻɫβҡͷΣҲ֮ö
ҶĿһ΢üͷﲽҡһϵԻ֮ЧδþͶš
ʿ˵޷ǻʵûʸǴ
սݵ֮ڣչʾ
ףԪʵȥһϹż
Ҷһ˼ſ³ҫ⽣𽣡ļ״ҲǺ⽣𽣡
˵ԪѾ֤ࡣʿӵԪѾǲʵ
ҶûнԪ
ȻԷŴݵ㣬λ𵤺ڵʿ˿죬Ȼ
˵˶ӣգۣû
Ͻ𽣣λСܿϽʿ
ʿȻһֱѪɫ֮ȴƺϽһ۱˳
Ҷزÿɷĵͷ
ȻʿϳҶҲĽ͡
ʿʣȴյʿĵĮԣˡ˶ǽڣΪ㹻ˡ
ǵΪƺЩ
ϴֻǳ⣬׼㣬˸ͷֻҪСĽ߳ɰաǲУʿڻңҲЩҪˣٻһļλµĽʿǡôɡ
ʿ̬ȣҶضΪӣǵʵֻǵڻҶѡ
ʿ꣬ߵĻҲȥӶӳȻ˽ۣҲףľͷ˵ˡ
ҶؾЩʱ
һֱûжԵʿڷˣλѵʵҵȥǻżⲻ󣡲Ѳ⣬ԼСЩ
Ȼ˵ôλȥ׼һɡǡżżͬżڣԹڶ࣬ŨдΧʬΡѪȥЩԵۻ¶абٶ鵤֮࣬˵
Ҷؼ鶨ͻʸȥЩƷ
Ҷءʸ˴ԼðʱЩƷŷؿʱ
Ҷȴȵķ֣֮Уֶнʿ
ʿҲ֣ոմӶĳǳأ͵Ѫɫ֪֮ıǮʿһƣҲʿС顣
ڼ䣬ʿض࣬ϵò̽ҶءʸλĽʿϸʵʵ
ʿżһ˾
ףʿɴƲĸں棬֧Եúء
׼һʿŴСʿ뿪Ŵݵ㣬ǰż

ʿҶص׼ȥżʱĽʿȻȴڹŴڣҵһȺʿ
ŵѪϽͼĸգֻЩŵΣˣɫĬ̸
Ȼһ۱㿴䴦һΧĽʿ
ȻʿһԵţԼֻǰնţʿڹŴݵ෽˵λ־Ǵ˵أݣֶҲ󻼵Ķᱦʿ˰ɣһ׮֪λûȤ
ᱦʿͬʿѰʿȴѪɫ֮С
·ֶΣֱɱ˶ᱦЩʿаɡбԱʿ޸Ϊ¡
ȻⷢҶҲ⴦Ŵݵ㿪ʼб˽赶ɱ˵⡣
ֻۡһ仰Ļᣬ⡭Ϊ׵һԱʿ̧ͷ۶ȻǸһĨЦɭȻ
ȻֻȻɱ֣ȻͬʵʵɱҪѪɱòγɣ
ȻҶ룬æΪ֮ˣϽڳϣֻͬ˵أ㹻񣿡
Ŷڵɹϣ˵ȥ
ᱦʿɫȥĻУǶԴȤ˽´༸ᱦʿҲ׷̧ͷ
ԽʿһɹϣҲȤԿ϶ǣԪִɹʮ꣬Ҳƻ
ǰãڰ׸һϣ˸ǳһǧƷʯʹһŽ𵤡ѵȸѪɱһЩͨʿøΪ𣿡
һǧһö𵤣ǲʯ̫ˣ
һ£ᱦʿҲסˡɫһת侲Ц㵽ḷ́ܳΪϽһĳϣͷ²СŵѿǰЩᱦʿɵˣĳ޴Ѫɫ֮ûҶʣһˣһãĳɾԽȥˡǳϣʲôϵ
ִܵԲӣ󣬵ǲƻҲΪ񣬷湲棬Ķǲĵ
ȻεȾԷɫƺҪһھܾӡǴ˿УȻΪ𶯣ֻǲЩ򡣵
ϣ˸Щ˽Թݣ㶯֡ܵѪɫ֮ͶȥԶϽǿôԶ𣿿Ѫ֮Ҫһˣ롣ֻҪɵĸɾ䣬ֻܵʲôģ
ʿû̽ӻ˫ü壬ѰʿഫƬ̺չ
˵һ㣬Ϣٸˡɱףᱦѣй¶ϢкҲ𡣡
ܵԷвȻȴǺ⣬ȻֻһˣϵĲƻ֮⣬»ٶһݼֵƷʯĺ񡣡
˵ȻһâòԶһֱעߵʿˣǰľ
˵Ҳĳе
ȻĿĴɣͲʿӶЦЦޱ⡣


473 а޽ɱϣ
ʿҶصһʿ뿪Ŵݵ㣬ɣǰżѪɫ֮򼫹㣬ȻǽʿͣЪķ꣬ҲԷɱ
ȻŴݵǴϹżϽȫٷУȥȻ·;ңԶܵġ
ҶؼԦƷзͻʸͬˣٶɼ죬ȵĸǰʿڣĿ
Ҷȴһ·Ĺ۲Ѫɫ֮״
Ѫɫ֮ˮƽղѪɫ෴ޱȵտһȥĿ޴ϹսǳСɳ̲ҽϣϦҫһֽبŵ֮
˵صĽʿû˼ȥġ
ƽĺ֮£׺Σǽ𵤺ʿû֮̽ǰҲ뺣ס
ȻзУҲһȫʱо޴ݴһӶ
һͷ߽ݲ¡
µģǳȺеͽݣںΧʳ
һ֧ʿһͷ߽ݣһƴɱǵĿܡǽеͽݵϳȺнݣȴ޴棬Ҫ̸ɱˡ
ʿԹŴΧΪϤϵѡĶԶϳ·;ܿ˲ٷա
ֻһңԶ·;Եø
ʿҶص뿪Ŵݵ㣬СĽĸ·뿪ãһ֧ʿС뿪˹Ŵݵ㣬ԶԶĸǺ档
֮ˣȻȻѰĲֵΪ׵ᱦʿ
ֵֵܣ󺺵òŴ缸һģһΪͬĸߴ𵤾ŽסԷֱ棬˭ϴ˭϶ҲֻԼ
ϴҶģȻʿߵһǿɶҪɱ鷳
һʿ
СʿϸݣӵĶ飬ǰֻ֡ǽ𵤺ڡʿǽڵֵ֣һᡣ͵Ҳн𵤰˽ףֱȥɱɾ˲ƻ
϶ʲôʱܸӣӵȻΪԵͣϵ޷죬һʱǲ¡ǸϽϣΪȻֻнڣɹ֮λֶβ򵥡
ܴʿԲü϶ҧȸţһٶ֡һУݾߡҵᣬɾûôˡ
˵ǣȸŰɣ
Сʿ˽ѵֳּ˵ҲͲԡ
һ˺ȻһۣĿ¶׺ݣϴм˸Ǻ棬ӦʿҪҪ
˵˸еĶޱȣ˿δѶȻ˵
ʿЦնŵ赶ɱˣȴ֪òõѵȥɱϽĳϣǺüˡ벶ǻʸ񵱻ȸ
°ɡǼȻſǾȽһϽɱãҲҪɵº󻼡ߣǺͶ̥ϣǻΪѪɫ֮Ķᱦʿǳصģ

ղܵģ˳ɵϽҶϣǿ´󹦣֮衣ȥ֪ɹλ棬ν
ֻǣƷʯδЩ
Ȼһļʿϲ֮УЩϧ
򣿿ʲôЦӻһʯѪɫ֮һȺõаޣʲô
ȻȴҲͬĻϲ⣬ЦʵսֻܾˡҶһٸɵղܵġ˭Ҳỳɵҵϣƾ׵ЩϵĲƻ

ʦ֣ȻǺüı

еһ·ϣҶżҲ¼Ľʿ̸һ䡣
¼Ľʿ˶һߣһ꣬òΪҺ
ݳĳСɼֶˣһż壬λʿҲǸˡѪɫ֮ڴ˵ѰЩʯּڵʿ
ǵװǴ˺ܾõĵͽ׷£ڼˣвĽʿ
ҶѣҵȽͬѪɫ֮պദʱЯߣֶӣֶҶּպҪҶĵá
Ҷ֣պָ̣
ΪιҶͱСһأΪҲȴƫƫҪҶΪ֣ǰһء
˴˱˴ˣ
Ҷض鴿ӵֶˣøС
ûֶ̫ˡ
Щ⡣
ʿΪʲôҪļʵΪͨĽʿһȥϹż
˵ʿҪѰϻ˵ĻҲӦʵǿĽ𵤸߽ʿŸаգϹżڣջ
Ҷкܿһ²⣬ڻң
ԭҲĽ͡
֧Сӣӡף𵤸߽ʿǾ֮⣬˶ǽڣ·ʱʿû̫ǵʵ
ҲܺܺõĽͣΪʲôʿףʿһ·ϸôǼˣֻʿż˵Щעڻҵʿ˵ܿһιż֮оˣҲûʲô̸ġ
ڻң
ҶЦ֪˭ڻأҪûмְգҺͽ𵤸߽ʿһȥϹż
˵нѾɣһͷѾ߽׵Լһ𵤾Ž׵ֻһ˵ʵܺ𵤾Ž׶·硣
ټԼСͨ׹žԼЯСͨԽ
СͨͷϧԾԪʹԱΪΪۣһٻɱ𵤸߽ʿ
Ҳ˵ͱһΪΪۣͬʱ˲ɱ𵤸߽ʿ
˵ʵȫʿ֮ϡ
ҲСͨ
ǣСͨͨԪӤһȽʿӵеĴɱ˷ż͸Щĵϵʿʲô˶ӵУ
òҪ޴Ĵ㣬򡭡֪˭ڻҡ
ҶЦĬĬš
ļ֮Ҷûж̸¡
ֶʿСӵճƣ˵ϻҲֻͷ·
ͣ£
ʿȻüͷһĲһ˿ΣϢڿ˲Ϣͣ˸٣ǳأ䷨ֶμߡߣңȴҲδ̫Сĳˡ
ʿҶصˣһͣ£æܺȥʶɨΧϰﷶΧĺףĵ
ǵҰΧڣ١ʶҲûҳκεˡ
ǣʿжϡ
ʿεȾϵСΪߵʿ˵˸٣ǻǴ˵ġ
ףһ·ûз֣ʲôڸǣ
ʿɫ
ˣǲֵһᱦаޣ
ףʿľګһֱǹԣʱȴͻȻܿ϶˵һ뿪Ŵݵ㣬ұ㷢ֲԾǳʱʶɨŴݵ㣬ݵڵʱİʮʿԼʮλԪӤ档ҪԸǣøֶΡЩʿ˽ʿﶼʿᶢǡ˵УᶯͷģֻвֵʵԵĶᱦаˡ
ҶؾȵףʿŴݵڳĽʿȻ̵͵Ŀ¡


474 а޽ɱ£
ֵܣȻһˡ
ʿüͷƺ˼Ϊɵ
ʿͬɫһǾݵʿָơ
ֵܣʲôˣ
ҶسѪɫ֮ȴҲδЩˡ
Ŵݵ㣬аޡ˶˽𵤾ŽΪרŽɱᱦΪ̰ײУǡŴݵ㣬Ľ𵤸߽ʿ
ʿɫأ˵һ䡣
ǣڹŴݵ㣬ǸһˮˮȻйͻҲǺܾǰ顣ΣôͻȻˣ
ʿüʵȫʢʱǲҴǵ⡣Īǰȥż֣Ǽʵûǵע⣿
ᡣֵһ⣬û㹻ĺջǲ׳ֵġʿͻȻҶط򸾡ֶ˿ȥǵУ˭ղܵģ
δˡ
Ҷغͻʸһۣҡҡͷ
ֵܣ
ֶʿʼҲһãȻ
ֶڹŴݵ㣬Сĵ𣿡
壬ûӡ󰡣һǮˣȻͺӵ֡Ҷּλϣֱˡ
ʿĿɫѡ
ԼҲ̫ţŸѪɫ֮Ľʿǲֵܶˡ
Ҳգ档ǻ㲻ҪǲֵܶϣܰȻӹһٵġλ׼
һˣǽڰ˽סŽ׵Ķʿǽ֣һסеһ˼ɡ
ʣµģ˶Ը
Ǿǳ֣
ʿʲףʿѸٽԴ
һΪտûκڣҪôҪôӺ׽ӽֵܾ͵ϮҲûпܡ
ʸҲֹͣ˴Ҷվһ𣬾ĵȴ˵
ֶˣмֽšƺδͽ𵤸߽ʿ֡
Ƭ̺ϢʿһпĲʿˣҲټѾй¶
ʿһԥ󣬸ɴҲڲء

𵤸߽ʿʮĺУ棬ȥϢһ㵭ɫ⻪Ȼһʿһˡ
գ۹򣬾͵ǰ
ܴʿһϧͲʮܷͻϮȴӵĸǰ֪֡ӵļΪûô׺Ū
ʿһЦԼʿҲΣЦҵ˭ڴ˵صңԭӵ֡þòɺã
ܵѣˮϵǱԽˣ
ʿһһסҶʵ֮͵Ϯ¿´ˡ߶ģֲκαˣ
ӵѣǰΣʵ֪֪ס
ܴʿҲٿףһâǰѰ֣ѾǵĶ֡ҽУҪһϵ޹ء£ǿˡ
˵꣬һָҶغͻʸ
Ҷɫ糣ޱĿŲܴʿ
Ц֮࣬ȴ׹ô¡
Ѫɫ֮ʲôңֻвǰʿȻڽǳͻ
ʿУҲֻпǶȻԸԼˡ
ԷʵǿΪߣȴǲࡣ
ʿˣҶȴǲǣǸ£Ȼмְա
Ȼʿ಻סڼֺܵôĿڱҪˣǶΣСҲͳ˹¼ҹˣһȥɱɼ򵥣Σ
ֻܴʿȻһЦ³һá֡
һԲϣ֮䡣
ħ鳣Ҳĳˣĳȥɣ
δ䣬һſڣɫ⻪է֣һīС˲󣬻һʮɵľǣɽƺˣǿޱȵĿˣ׵ʿ
ѪǷʮѪ
һԵĲСʿҲ֮ſһɫâǵâ˲仯һʮɳѪɫһޱѪ˷ΧﷶΧա󣬶ɲǼΪѪɫ
ѪǵѪķΪֲ
ǱѪɫ鲼ƣļХУʶʹ£ȫĬԵףʿ
ֵܶʿһ֣ɱʿǿʿ
һʿҲһһֺ֮һʹԪɽʿһ˻һҶءʸֶˡ
ʿ˶ԲʿֶϤ֮
ܴʿȻʿ˿е⣬ſڴһԪ
߱ɡ
ɡһ̻ʮɴСתһɫ⣬ޱȣʿʵʵ
ħ鳣ͣ䣡ľ춯һ߱ɡޱȰԵȴ߲жȥ
ɿ񱩵ػδܸ߱ɡ˺Χ
Χﺣ򣬡䣡ɾˡõϺϺ档
һʱᣬܡӶ˿˭Ҳκβá
ǱߵףʿӦҲǼ죬һתĺɷȱ㼤һȻΪһǺۿſӭǱѪ˵Ѫǵ
Сʿ״ɫ΢䣬֪ûӲӡһѪǵƾֹסѪɫѪˣֱףʿͶǺۿ
ɾڴʱۿһźź·һ㣬סѪ˵
ǺʴŷܱߵѪ֨֨ĹѪɫۿɼٶȣȥ
ɶ񣡡
СʿΪͷʹ
ǹɺȻѪǷѪס
ʿһ𵤰˽ʿϡ
ҶطɿĴһӡףʿˣʱȥǾƣʵȴֻǽֶѣûܵķա
רĶԸԼߵλ𵤰˽ʿ
ҶغͻʸȴǸԪӭеС
֣
ֶˣûȶԷɱæ׳׷ɽӭսС
ɫĽ𵤰˽ʿ׳һŻɷԲǵأ
֮УЩǲЩʮ߽׻ϵɽгײ󣬽ɱ֮С
Ȼֻһ׷ʮ߽׻ϵɽȴһ޵ɽ󡱡
һԪҪֲࡣҪǿʶܲٿ෨Ĵ
һʿУڻСΧڣ޿ӣͬʱʮ߽׷ɽΧɱʤ
ֶˣٿ߰˱׷ɽЩæңֵеʮɽͼס
ʵͨĽġʿһԪȻûУҪסһ𵤰˽ʿȴǼѡ
ĻϵһĿ֮ЧԷԷ㣬ȴֵܵػ
ҶЦָһһҫ۽ƿն
ҫ⽣ն


475 
ءһ¸ɷΧͬʱҶءʸֶʿ뽫һ򾡡
·ĺף޴ӡ
뱻Ƶ뺣Ǳֻ
Ҷؽ˫ĿһָٿԪҫ⽣ۼ仯ΪһŰɵҫĿ⣬ʮ߽׷ɽɵĴС
һܼķ졣ţֻͣһһԵƥĽ⣬棬ֱ
ԭǴƬյϬޱȵĽ⣬˺ѿһɴƶ
գ
ҶضԴ˺⣬һӣٻسĽҫ⽣
ϵɽƼ׷ɽ
ԪԲǿӵͽ׷нס߽סףֱͻԪ𣬳ΪСͨһķ
ҫ⽣ڵڣ˺Ԫʮ꣬ѾĵͽԪϴʣﵽнԪƷʡ
ʮԱȵϱͨʿԪ
ͨԣһͨĽʿֻἯԪһԪ׵ֻм츳ߣۺĽʿŻȥϵԪ
ΪҶҪͬʱԪԪԪÿշƷʼõĶ鵤ɺܳԿ
ҶصΪͳףܹﵽףЩ
Ϊ£ֻǾ硢ȷ
Ԫȴֱһʿսǿ
ܻ֣ܲܶǿΪߵͣǿսǿΪߣһҪ䡣
ҶһΪĿԼս
ֻһ׷ѣȻʮ߽׷ɽһ޵𽣴󣬵´ͨԪɱ
޷ıֻǶ׷ƷʡƷʣסҫ⽣ƷԪһ֮
޵ҫ⽣ƿһѾ޷зʿãЧǰϵķ
ߣ󣡡
ҶһͻʸƾһݣȺΪ⣬ಡĴƶ⣬
ֶˣ״ϲæҲųͣҶصԡ
лҶǺֶΣĳϵԪ¼ֵưɣ
ĽѣȫȻںԼһͣȻҶΪ֡
ֹˡˣΪûһԪϾְлۣӦ˾ȡңһԪѪɫ֮ҲȫЩ
ҶЩɻʵֶ˶ѾǽʿȴûһԪų棬ǲ⡣
ϷԭҲһһӣüʮʿҪҪʯԪ̫ȴûûʯϷҲֻü׷ɽպˡ˴Ѫɫֻ֮Ѱһɱͷ𵤼ޣҲֲöȡû뵽ųȺ·ٵĶᱦʿնҶֵĸֶΣһ㹤Ҳ֧Ųס
ЩȵĽ͵ȻҶڣǽ𵤸߽ʿκβҵȡȫܹŵӵּˣȺᱦʿˡ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷȻһЦҲû˵ʲôתͷʿ
ûٳֵĴ㡣
ֶˣѾԻ𵤰˽׵ʿ
ֻԡ
Ȼһĳ޵潣󣡻ˣүȡ
ʿջѾ٣ʹѣô
ƽӰһ׶׷ͨʿһʹһĶ׷Ǹ߽µķá
û뵽ȴһʿýϵԪɽһƻ
ɶǣҶؾȻߣƷ飬ûаŭˣֱ̧ҪҶعȥ
̫̰ˣŽ𵤰˽ΪȻһҵʿһ򾡣Ҳδ̫Сˣȹأ
ʸһӣһһ𽣣
󣡡
ɽͬʮɵıԣʿ˹ȥһǱ춳ط˪裬һƮ㡣ɽȻ෴Ϣ໥ƣȻû໥ţ
˫ϵнԪɽе㱾¡ܱȵϵүҵĸ߽Ԫ𣿣
ʿһߡ
˫ɽڣʿҲдſһâȻһڷܣɽعȥ
𷨶ܣǸ߽ԪΪһ޶ܣԵŴݣǹ汸Ԫ
𷨶ܻΪһתľ޴󷨶ܣӭս˫
ͬʱʿһȴ׳ʮһ߽׻ϵɽÿһ𽣶ʮɳǵأͷƤ飬һɱʸ
˶ķɽȻֻǸ߽׷Ʒʺһ㡣ֵסһܹƾɱʿ
ҶţԱʵаգûٳ֡
ֶûףֹսæԲٿı׷ɽȥǶˣôҲܵסʿʮɽʸѹ
үһˣɱǡεֵһ׸߽׻ϵɽȥɣ
ʿһ֣Ц
㹻ıǮʿмʶǿͬʱٿʮһ߽׷ɽ
ͨһʿʶǵһġרʶĹȻҲͬʱٿЧá
ͨʿͬʱʶٿѾˡһң໥ţӰԵС
ҪݴȴרǿʶĹʶѵޱʹּ࣬ɡ
ͬʶЧвͬһȴǹͬģǾҪʶĲٿظķ
ʶÿһΣݷһܵʹһʶѵʹ࣬ܽһʿƷ衣
һʶѵĹʶΣ˼ʹܹ࣬ͬʱʮ
ֵܣʿδʶܲٿصķҲûܲٿصķࡣ
䣡
ɽͬʱڳ𷨶ϡ
𷨶ܣǿޱȡȻͬʱ⵽ԪɽҲû˿ˣֻһ¶ѡ
𷨶ܿʡ
ɽ⵽ص٣Ȼȫѡ
ԪɽȻˣɽƷҲ̫
ʿЦͬʱٿʮһɽʸɱȥȴ֪ͻȻһͫã


ʸһȣǺ⽣𽣣һġĻˡ˻ʮתۼ䣬ѵĽΪʮСɽʮСɽ
ʮнԪСɽΪͬʱʿʮһ߽׻ϵɽ


476 ش
ˣ˵ʶȻҲѵ˵Σ
ͷŴʿԺзܼķɽܼࡣžʮһ߽׻ϵɽձѣƬ
һƷԪһǸ߽׷Ʒ̫ʯײвײٵĵ
һĹʮһ߽׷һ
ԣʮʮһһСɽ
ʿΪʧһ߼գ뵽ʲôɫٶȴ䡣
ʶȻһ˲ʮɾ롣
ͣ
һߺâ༲ӹ
ʿæٻس𷨶ܻסǰؿڣһۣ߳˺ĸ߽׼з¡滹ð˿˿˵ĺ
ʱð亹乡
ҪѪɫ֮궷ɱıܣʶĶ㿪һ
ʱһʬ塣
򽣹һ
ʸһֻʮСɽɱԪ
΢΢Щʧɴµ˷ܣС죬ϧ㿪΢һ֣ˡ㿴Ҹղų
ڣܰѽ𵤸߽ʿƵǱѾܺˡǿҪˡ
ҶؼĽɵĿЦ
ƽʱ֮⣬Ѿܾû֡
Ҷ֪ʦǳԵ
һϵԪҲǷѳʮСɻ
ղһУȴǱϱԼǱϹãѧյĸ߽׽󷨾Դġϻ֮С
Ҷвɵĸ̾ϵ츳ȴǱԼߵࡣ
һԵֶʿѿĿɿڴ
ȻͬΪڣʵȴ֮ǸְæȴʩչĻᶼûУʸѾѶʿ˻ȥ
Ҷءʸֶˣͽ𵤰˽׵ʿǧɣңңԡ
ʿȴû侲ݺݵĶҶءʸˡ
֣ԼһˣԸԷκһףȴͬʱԸʿҶغͻʸˣ˶˵ǳⲻ
һ֣ѶԸ
ңĸ߽׷ɽ٣ֻһ߽Ԫ𷨶ܡ֣ԼڵһҵȽ׷ӦʿΧ
ҶȻҲûмŶ֡
ȥϹżһ·ңԶû·ϣΪɱаޱ¶Լʵ
ǰ⼸ᱦʿ֪ѶˣѾ㹻ˡ

һߣܴʿʿںϴüңâ䣬ʮﷶΧ򼸺˷ڣԿ
ܴʿռƣŶĿ϶ʿսȥʱա
˶˵
СʿһѪǷףʿĶǺۿѷѽ⡣
һպĶᱦʿһ뷨ʿɱһš
ԼĸСսռơ
ΨʿԸʿη岻ǰǳһ
ܴʿһ֪ʿʵսĶᱦʿҲ޷սʤޡ
ڵˣȴܰʿƵηĵزš
ĽʿȥǵȻƶûаʿ
ʿɫɼΪѿⳡɱᱦʤϣѾ͡ȻǲϧۻʤҲǲʤ
ô£
һ߸ʿһʡ
ϴ⼸̫֣ǻˡ
ʿҶءʸʿ֪ô͡Խ𵤰˽ףʿ˷ЩǶ飬ǶᱦʿУǼĳ衣
⻹öʣһ޵潣󶼷ˣڵ˶ʰˡ
СʿʿȥݺݵҶصһۣ塣ɱ𣬾ͱͣбƵԸӡ
ϴˣֲֵãպһᣡǼʿһֱں棬żǵıˡܸǻᣡ
Ǻնᱦʿ˵
ܴʿɿһ룬ϵͺһã׼ˣ
ߣҲգһС
СʿɫȻѿҲ޿κΣûз⡣
ʿ漴Ԧ𷨶ܣֵܷȥᱦʿһ𣬱ߴߣ׼롣
ʿֵһгߵͼҲûأһѣǳߡⳡȥûаôֻװ֡
ȻֵߣȻԸǿ
ʿףʿʿˣҲɿ֣ͣۼһԷһͻϮ
ܴʿЦӵѣˣպĳлֽ̣
֣ܵڿˣǣƲ֮󼪣
ʿ̲סԷ̡
ѣ˵档Ѫ֮պġûҵȵİգǡ
ܴʿһ
䣬ʡ
СʿͻȻ۾һתƳиֶˣЦȻһһϸСޱȵĺɫڹ⣬
ʿףˣʶԷ
ֶСģ
ȴȻһʿǰ档
ڣ
ɫâһ´͸ߵĻ
ɫұ䣬ؿڣ˲䷢ڣֱͦͦĴӷɽȥ
壡
Ŀھѣһһѽסߵ
ʿۼ⣬ѾϳǺɫ֮æֹ麣Ы룬綾θתۼܹ커סؿڣ
ʿԣæȫסߵĿڣͣԭأ
ҪߣҲҪһҲֵ֣ܽȫˣǳ롣
СʿЦˣȻɫ䡣
Ȼת֪ܲںδΣգȴҽһһϢֵ͸ɽӱ͸ضͣһѪʮԶ
͸ķɽڿһۣն
϶
ܴʿѾӦɫ󺧣һӣס˲СʿΪһâԶݡ
ߣ
˿ɣգ۳ʮ⣬ʧںʡ
ֻһŭܵԶԶصںϣһϽϣ˳𣬱ر´֮ʱ
һˮಡһɻҶС
Ҷɫһδ֮ززĲһᱦʿ
Щͬʿ
ֶˣ⧲˲ҡ
ҪղܵͻȻ͵ϮֶҲŭ֡ڲ֮ǰŭԣûϡ´ټ˭˭
ˣ˻ʸ⣬ӡףλ𵤺ʿڣĿɿڴĿҶء
ȻûףôзɽЧ
ʿ𾪵Ҷء
Ҷһ˶Էһ𵤰˽ʵΪֲЩ𵤸߽ʿ˷ȥżѰ˼룬մǴ˵ʵȴʿɵ
ӣȻʵˣ
͵Ϯ˲ɫ£
ʿʿľ
ǰ˵ڻҵĴ㣬ıһˡһúɷȻסĬľګףʿʱҲ̲ס֮ɫ࿴Ҷ˼ۣʿ˵


477 
ӡףʿڿտĺϡ
Ȼǽһ䷨͵Ϯһһ𵤰˽ʿһ㣬ѾͨʿܼʵίʵЩ£ҵ˵ʵʵĻָıãڻżڵðڻ֮ˡ
һǳҪƺδȫԸǽ𵤰˽׵ʿʱࡣҶʿղʹʲô˲СʿҶδ塣
ǲ˵ϽһϣԭšڿȴӦġ
ϧղϷûԤϵᷢͻ䡣֪Сʿ⵽شұӦüֽǲܴʿ˵лᣬʧһ𵤰˽ʿʱһٽǲһᱦʿɱɾûץסת˲ŵĻᣬ´Ҫɱϣˡ
ʿɸ̾
ҲûԤϵܴʿӦ죬˵ĲСʿϯɶߣټ˵ʲôˡ
˴ȥżöۣŵܴʿıҶϣʵѲ⣬׵ڻҵѡֶֻˡǶʵȴÿá
ʿףʿʿ𵤺ʿɿӣɫӣſ
λѣ취Ⱦ壡ọ̈ѾѪ֮УС
ʿʹֻؿһɭɫѸӣһգϢԽ
ʿԷסߵ֣ɿĴӴȡһƿƿĸɫٶ鵤ߵιȥ뽫ɢȴû˿Чȡ

ʿƳһֶۣǰ˺ؿڵķ£һ˿ڡһ˿·磬ۺķͽһöŵ̵糤ں˳һŨīĶѪ
Ȼ麣Ы룬ȣӦǰ˽Ыβ룡
ʿԷסƣһץסöɫ룬ɫԵҡҡͷö룬ˮľϵأ취ɣƻԵޱȣɱ𵤺ʿܾȻĻᣬʮã
Ҷջһˮ֮һΣֶ˸ǰһŨĺί٣Ҫ
ӵ֣Ыô𣿡
Ҷɫأɳѯʡ
˵ЫжȱⶾҩҪ֪Ѫɫ֮ǱԼĺޡ涾ƣÿһֶвͬҪרӦ鵤ܿơǣǲЯÿһ涾鵤ϣҲֻǴʮֱٶ鵤ѣûп麣Ы鵤
˵⣬ʿɫΪѵҡҡͷȻҲͬʱڶ涾ϡ鵤ǣÿһö۸񰺹ޱȣôŪ֡
ˮľϵصЫ룡
ʸü΢塣
ڶҵ˶鵤˼Ѫɫ֮ȴǺް취
Ŵݵ㣬ʮǰһ鵤ۡҼǵǡ׽𵤡ֻ𡢽Ե鵤ܹ麣Ы֮
ĬףʿʱͻȻһڡļǿʮǰڹŴݵżȻһĻҲǵޱȡ
׽𵤣Ŵݵڻû鵤ϻȥһ
ʿϲߣŴݵȥ
ûõģҪ˵ʿ̫٣û˹򣬴˵۲ѣҲûƴ˵ˡ鵤ˣ꼻һ֣ҲûֹعŴݵ㣬Ҳǰ׷ѹ򡣡
ףʿֹʿĮҡҡͷޱ飬ֱӹܹ򶾵ϡ鵤鵤ûʮʯͷҪᶯʯô
ȻһʡʯķӣǾǷضһλʦ֣רơ׽𵤡鵤ǰ˽ףԭϱˣۼҲֻһǧʯһ໹ܳһգܳŵ׽ôܶż죬һҵʦƴҩ
ʿԣ꣬ҡ
ֶǽʿͷ׾ݣеʯͷһ塣ͨԪûǮƣôʯȥРϡ鵤
һʱ޲ߣ˫Ŀʧ񣬷·˻һ㡣
취࣬ȴûһеͨ
һ꣬ͬӣһ·ĥУ·ǰֻʣһˣ˸ɾ
ڳλʿȻֶϵǳҲд˿̶һԣĬĬԡ
ʮʯõóġ
ǣΪʲôҪʯ
ɽÿʿɲÿһǶĹġֶˣֻڶ൹ùʿ֮һѡһһԼɴ
ʿɫҲЩãȻֶֻڻңɰ;ˣҲЩϧ
Ҷףʿ˵׽𵤣ȴһףѣ֪鵤䷽ʲô
˵ζǡ߻Ʋݡ˲˫ҶƣͬСһŤԼ˿ֲݡ˲ݸΪɫϼëʮζҩ
ףʿޱ飬ڽ䷽˵˳
ЩֵĿҶأ䷽һŴݵ㼸λ֮ʱ˵𣬼µġҪ䷽ʲô
ûʲôʶѡ
Ҷҡҡͷһ£ʿӵ֣ҸʱЪһ£ԷԾ°ɣ
ðɣ֪ǰһ죬ȫΣȥЪϢһܾܲȻѣ㡣û鵤ֻԷǿˣҲЧİ취֮һ˵Ч
ʿΪСӣɫ죬ĸ·Ҳֻˡ
ףʿ˸ղŶң˲ٷҪѰһطָȻͬ
һнʿʿ£ɶȥ

ϡ
ϧ
Ȼȼʿһ·ٲһֱǺʿһ￪սҲԶԶĹս
һͻȻˣʱޱȡ
ǷôͰˣȻ˵ǹŴݵһָĶᱦʿ
ȻɫѿҶսΣѼʶ˲⡣ֻû뵽˫޵£Ҳȫһ𵤺ʿ
Ȼʦ֣㿴ǸղܵģֱӸϽҶϣһ͵Ϯ
һ˼󣬶Ȼкˣߣղܵġ˫ʵ𲻴ܴ˴ܣװݡǻлᣡ
ǣ

ǧǰһСĵ졣ʿ˸˷ȥѰһɽ֮أݷɽһ͵ʯңʱЪϢ
ףʿĬĬСܲһ󷨽ƣԷǱ뵺͵Ϯ
ӡʿˣʯڴָĵķ
ʿȴƴȫԷϵĶǣΪķҲֻӻɫӶѡ
ʿ֪գ߳綾

ҶҲûж˵ʲôһʯҡ
ʸҲʱ
ʱ֮ҶزŴʯڳЦ⣬һСƿһ΢ҩƮ
ѣö鵤㣡
ҶһУһöɫ鵤зɳ
ǡ
ʿۣҶеö鵤ɾȡ
鵤
ҶصһЧɡ
ʿҲûж룬ȵϵܣ£һԡٳЩҩҲûá
ʿʱѾ̧ͷĿвȼһ˿ϣؿ麣ЫѾüʱǿɥ
Ҷָһ׽߿С
鵤һߵĿУ̻Ϊһתȫ
ֻƺһƬ֮۵³һںѪϺɫ˼֣Ȼҩ˹Ч
ʿȻ³ѪϲлҶ鵤ȣܾȻ壬պضҶ֡
֡ȴǽеʵޱȡҶ֮ǰش͵ϮĲСʿýⶾҩ壬ֶĶ飬Իر
ɡȻ鵤ǿٻҪϣȫأſܱסѵһΪ
ҶصȻİ˰֡
ö׽𵤣ոġ
ϸеľ֮ڣдҩĵӡЩҩӣ򱦣ʮӰ׸ռģ֮ࡣ
˵ϸڵҩģѾѰ׸ܼľ󲿷ҩӣռȫԱá
ֻҪʯԴԴϵֳҩ
ơ׽𵤡Ļ߻Ʋݡ˿ֲλҩԼʮζҩȻǰ˽ҩʲôϡҩġ෴ҩ԰ֲҩڸ̸
ϸǡЩҩӡ
鵤֮ǰҶҲóȻʲôŵ
ʯڣʱֱ鵤һС¯鵤˳
ҶٶȻһֶͬ˵ԭ򣬵ȴΪб޻
һö߷ãЧ
ʣµľöԼűá
Ҷһǿҵĸоֵ׺ԣСʿն˰ᱦʿװ֡
ǴȥżкܴĿֵܻһ˵ÿԷ麣Ы͵Ϯ
һΪԽ࣬ʵԽǿʤԽߡ
ʱһС¯˽׻׽𵤳ȫֵá
֮ȻװһʱᣬҲѲˣ뾲Сǿи·²ס⵺ЪգѳɾЫأٸ·ȥż١ӵΪΣ
Ҷسʿ˵
У
ʿƳһҶأʮָɴͬ⡣
ͬҲС
ֶˣǲ뿪˵Ҷط򸾶ˣû뿪ͷǲҪֶڻңֻȵȼա
ףʿЩľګĿ⣬ŷʯҵҶأ˼ɵ֮ɫȴǸ˼֡
׽𵤵ģԸҿ϶һǻ׽𵤡
ȻֻʱͰѡ׽𵤡óˡ
֡
һֿܣǴȥ麣ЫʿԷжŻ۲ҶʿȻǵһμ麣Ы룬οŴݵ㸽Ҳû麣ЫûԻų
֣Ƕɽ缫Ϊʦֻʦſ̵ʱڣ˽鵤
ǣɹ㾡ȫʦôĪѪɫ֮գ
ףʿ벻ͨҡҡͷϽϣ䷨ʦˣ֪ʲô
ҶʯڱĿ޻ʸ£ӴȡǱʥϣתõģ䡷
ȥżҲһʱʱȫҲʱ䡣
䡷һϹţһģؼȫƪݣöֵˮڡ
׶䣬Ҫ󼫸ߡȱҪߣнΪΣһϵԪܷӳȫ
Ҷϸ֮Уһǡÿһ׼ƷԪ
ѼнԪѾ㹻ֻǿС潣󣬶սʵԵǲװ˷ѱԪȥ䡷
ס䡷רΪáֻǱĿǰΪﲻҪܣΪ׼


478 
ҶһɢϹľ̵ͯӡڵģ۵ͯӣŵһöСˮӣúһ㣬ڼɷ
ҶһʶˮڣϸϸԷ鿴
ȫƪݺü
䡷Ŀƪ˷ǰҪҪ׼һϵԪ˷䡣
䡷УһɽаЩɽϵԪ˹
ڵһģΪ˱ʮףֻһƪϹ¼ľгֹ˵汱һɽƮһλϹãΪʱɵһͨ꼻һ֣Ҳδֹ
ڵڶģΪҵ˻ʮףڵص׼֮ҽ֮УػȻԪӤʿҲԴӵصףҵ

ڵھŵģȴǡʮףں֮أڼˮ֮УضԣʲôԵ᳤һϵӡ
Ƴ׵ԪȻˣͬƳĳԪҲи֣֮ƷԽõĲϣƵԪԽǿ
䣬ߵҪֻҪͷСһ£ЧۿۣȲͨɹ
Ҷ𾪣ΪʿֳҩҲǺϤˡǣǰʮλδ
ֻλھŵС
⡶䡷ռΪȫ
ǰʮļΪ֮⡣ʣ£Ǵһȵ׵Ž׶С׵ģδ¼ڡϾƷ̫͵ɵķƷҲòȥ
ҶؽķɿĬʮ飬а˶˼ְա
䣬ʶϸС
ʵ޾֮УǷֲϸ
֮ϣѻŴʯڳ
𸮸ϣ׵ػȼգ֪ʲôʱŻתΪ߽׵ĵػ
絮ľݣ黨ľԷӺΪĵСľݣֱƷסԡûֿ
鵤⣬ҩֲֻһãԱʱֻ衣
Ŀļӱ𾣼ҶõľЩƷ̫ͣѾ𲻵ãҶҲһֱûнǲֻҪʯ㲻ڼ
ľ䣬µæĴ䣬ҲԵΪĿ
һ˵ľǵһԵġľ˫ԣԡңЩ仯ഫ
Ϊ⡣
ĵطȴǸʱյӦӡ
ҶϸֵΪϸڵĴԪȻȻһ
ҶջʶֻܿЦ
Ǳ˫ϵֱΪʮˡʮţٵһϵǱʡ
רֳһ˫ϵΪƳǱʵԼһ
ڻ޷ǱʵҲһʱ

ҶصһȺʿڻĵĵա
߷Ҷרſ麣ЫĻ׽֮ڼʿȫڽس׸ɾûº󻼡
ѹֶӿе֪һк󣬲廹ҶǰҶعһݡ
Ҷִĳûպвǲһ£ƾԸ
ֲֻǾ֮͡
ҶЦЦһ
ʿ˵ָ֪Ӹʯҳ⼸죬ҲûţҪôҪô򹦷յѪɫ֮һʵһִĻᣬ˭Ҳⷽ˿и
ѾȻָҲóˡ
ʿ˵
֣ȻѾȡЫǣҪһ£ܳ׻ָԪҪȻعŴݵȥһʱ䡣ȥϹżˡ
Ҷʱȴ
޷˶أЫ˿ֻһС˶ѣֻҪձá
ֶ֣̫߰٣Ϸ򲻴İңһҲһʵϹżֻҪҵһıܷһʣҲð˵ˡ
Ȼ߼֣ҲȰ
һȺѰʿٶȳ뿪ĵǰż
ʿȻû˵ʲôȴЩ
ǻżڶʮ֮á
˴ȥ;УΪߵƣա
ǴżشƫƧǵôʱ䣬ֹżѰʿҲٲ˵ġ
ᱦʿԽ࣬ϹżеıҲԽѵ֡
ò׷Ϲַɲܾ׷ˡ
ʿЩ·ҲһЩ
ЩΣղĺɴʿֱ˹ȥ
ֻһΪ͵ֶˣȴǳࡣߴ˳ڵʵӲ߳˵ٶȡ
ڣڽʿʵۺ񣬲⵽޵Ϯ
һա
հһСȺѪɫ֮ѪͺգǰʿͻȻʲôͣںʿ̶ͣ¡
˻ʣѾǰʮһʮɴСâɫҫ۹⻪شݺύ
氵ƽߵ죬ֲĽǣƹʯ
м仹һװƣһХ̶ŭƼ侪ˡʮ⣬ʿҶصͣĺ棬ܵ
һȺʿɱ߽ޣ
ʿѾǰɫһ
ྦβꣿԡ
ʿԣϸһϲʧ
ģһͷ޹ޡ¶ĹģƺѪɫ֮Ϊϡġྦβꡯ
̶ģھ޹ഩ֡ͷɫƵǣԿ϶ͬġԡ
ϡޣβͬ̿ϸףܷǵԪβ١ϵĳྦףɷ߼УҲŲķЧ
ϣӰġְľŽϡޣ
ףʿҲ졣
⡰ྦβꡱ͡ԡȫǱһֻѪɫ֮ûƽʱΪ֪Ļ
ҲͬףƽͬƳɽϵԪ򶥼зƼ֮ЧһۣҲɱףн·˿֮
䱦ޣһͷʿΪ֮һȺСڵʿΧɱͷŽ۷ޡ
ʿɫһ±üΪŹ֡
һԵߣһֲ©˽ȥЩ԰׵˷ìܡ
ʿȴǴϲǰȥɱͷޣ֣ܲ
סڣ
һۣʿֶѪɫ֮ʱһйʿĹء˵зֲֵޣǲܰ;ģʿνںġ֪ǲأ


479 Ѫϣ
˵ڶɽ磬һУȷʵءϽʿڲɱޣ˫𡣴ȥ⵽ʿĵӡȻǻޱȵѪɫ֮ҲҪīأܻ
ʿƳһߣƽȻܰ;ᣬǲζûлֵúôһʿɱͷ߽ޣǳǾûκˡ

ڨڨһЦȥЩôֻǣʿ˵ͷͬ
Ҷһ˽̸һעǽս֮
ǰ㡣òͷޣǳֵ֣ܷٺô
ʿ顣
˵ؾΧ֮أʮԶȻܹǼͷӴޣһȺԵĽʿȴǿ
ã
ʿ׷ȥ
һȺʿܿɽΧ޵ĵ죬ſ
һͷ߰ʮСɽСľ޴꣬ں̲ϱŭ˻ſһ޴ˮΧĽʿȥΪˡ
˹βͬ̿һڣֻ˦֮䣬ᷢȻ޴ˮϵס
⡰ྦ֮ȴΪ۾ǳɫãΪɫĹǱԵ룬޵ĳɫһֻ޴ĳͫһ㡣
һȺʿʹȴֻӲޱȵĹһǳǳĺۼ
һҲʮɳڳྦβ࣬ɳྦβľ޴ʿĹʱԾ棬һʿ
һɫԣͷ֧ƽǣǽҫĿ
ͷŽ׵ĺޣ൱ʿڽ𵤺ڵˮƽֻɹ٣ܻΣΪʿ
Ȼˣ޵սҪͬ׵ǿࡣ
Ϊǿܹʿܳܵػͨ츳ߵķǿ󡣶ڵǿޱȣȫʩչ֮£ֶܹʮ֮ãĹ⡣
ֻͷŽޣȴҲô׶Ըġ
һȺкʿȻʮˣȴδаգΧɱͷŽޡ
Ѫɫ֮Уޱռ˵ߣܹ֮֮⣬׷Χɱ
ǰȴʿҶصˣһ
ֻǰһԲʮʯ죬Ľǣ޴ɫ졣죬һ
ͷޣڵϣƴֱײȴӲ첼µķΧ
죬־ݵĽǣΪǽ߽׵ʿԷӳ֡ÿСƬ̣ͬʱƹⱬһ޴ʯ׺ݵǳྦβ걳ϡ
ÿһξʯྦβҵİСĹ׷ǿҪסЩ޴ʯȴҲɡ
صȴǣЩʯ֮󣬱ɢ룬ֻĵطһƬ͵̶ϸǺĻתжԽԵóٻ
ԣٶȼޣ˿ҲΪһĻһϡ
죬ɫڣкü𵤰˽סŽʿڽȫΧͷޡ
⣬ʿڵΧʱ׼滻ڷʿ
ȺʿļΪȻһʱκβͷޣҲѡ

󣡣
ʿһɫ죬ʱɫһ䡣
ȻܽͷŽסʲô
߾̾
ƺǸܵҶص˵ɻʿ֣ص󣬹沼죬ȡ֮ķ֮⣬󷨵ʿԽǿԽǿңϵ󷨣ܼĿˮϵޣÿһ涼Ԫ
ȺʿУһʿʵǿԪѹǣͷŽ۷֣°;ߡ
ô˵ûлˣ
ʿôһ˵ֶˣ¶ʧɫ
ףλʿҲĺǿϧܳɱͷŽ޵ĻԷ

ȺڵϵʿͷҶһˣЩҾš
ܿ죬ǵ̱ʿڿշ𣬳ʿҶص˵ķԷʿһˣͻȻޣǵĺ¡
Ȼһ޵ĹأҪ֪Ѫɫ֮ޱȣٺ޼ɵĶᱦаޣǲôģòŵ㡣
ףҶֵܣô㣡
ȻһԦɫɽ޲ԲԵʿԵʮ⣬ĺһһʿ磬ֱӳҶط
ʿҪǰӭȴʶҶأɵһ㶣ҶؿȥкɻҶôʶѪɫ֮ʿ
飬֣ɻԣ
Ҷеľȣڶʿ
ҲѾ϶˭ˡ
˵ʿۣɣǽ顣һһ΢ֵӣһһֻпտյžƮ֣ɻԡ
û뵽ؾһʮ֮Ȼϡ
뿪ؾʱҶѪɫ֮ʱҶصΪŽһ㣬̫ͣûӦػ복չǱȥˡ
֣ɻԣϺСͨ׹žĹâɨУһۣȥǬԪǱޣݱܷͷ
֣֣֡þò֣㲻ڱϼǱôôҲ˴˵أ
Ҷغ⣬Ѫɫ֮λѣҲЩϲá
ǼǴ½ʿһɱͷĵϵֹϺġߡùּƷýΪεɵˡ
Ҷֵܣû뵽ҲѪɫ֮ãǼ˺þδ۹㡭Ѿǽˣô֮죿
ɵҶظǰҶصΪѾǳӽľ磬ɾ㵡
֣֣֡
Ҷһ֣ǺЦѾǽף֣Ҳףչٰ
֣ɻһۣȴ𺳡
ؾľڣҶػǽһסʱҶسֹħϾͷĵϵϺҲɱȥСͨ׹žټҶлһƵĿܣǿۼ𵤾Ž׵ܵס׹žһʱҶΪܵͣʵȴԶǶˣǸ֮ġ
ʮȥѪɫ֮ƴɱΪӽĽס֣ɻԣҲסҲˡ
ҶأȴӽһֱףӭͷǶ˵ΪҶص˽㣬ʵ¸ɲ⣬Ѿܴˡ
ãҶǾѣڱ
֣ɻԶˣжһҡǸûģȥҶΪС
ˣҼǵֻ֣ǬԪȥˣôҲѪɫ֮
Ҷؿ֣ɻԡ


480 ѪУ
һʮǰ˽ڡȥ֮;ٲѪɫ֮ҵ˽֣һͬСû뵽ּҶ֣ʵԵ֣
֣ɻԶȥһֱۺ󣬲δԽӳȣ˿̼ҶأҲ̲ס쳣ˡ
Ҷѣ⼸λǡ
ʿһԵ˺һûϻ̲סôҲӣȴ˵һ仰ɫδЩѿ
λǽѣµľѡλӵѣŴݵʶġ
ҶЦЦ˫һ¡
Ƚ֮󣬽һ׹
ʿһС𵤸߽ʿҪȥһϹżѰ;Ҷصļ·˵أһȺʿΧ˸߽ޣŹһƣ費Ҫûʲô⡣
ýеЩֵǣҶǿʵȻȺʿӣȴս𵤰˽ʿӳ
ǰҲʶҶصĵ͵̣ٳͷҲûȥ롣ֻжʿĲΪȻΪߣɲʵҲһܸߡ
ˣ֣ڴͷϡŽޣƺǡ費Ҫ˳֣
Ҷسսһۣʵ
ͷޣЩ鷳һСӵʿѾΧɱͷŽޣһ֮ãڻûнǵĹ⡣ķģòֻΧ
Ҷ£ҡͷЦͷһһȺʿΧͷޣսȻ֣΢ġ
ͷϡޣྦβԣһԳ־ս
ʿ̵ңޣһһĬʵǾŽסȻǲ󣬿ԿǵʵֹݡҪͷޣҲûôסһȺʿҲ룬һ֮
ô
ԥһ£ϵս䣬û״ӦϷҲȥһǷͬǳ֡
Уڴ˹򡣡
ʿ˵ͷ
ɻص죬͵ڣ󷨵һ𵤺ʿһ
˺һַ˻ЦѾͬˣλһֽɱޡѾΧôãͷԣȫС³ٰ֮˫٣ֳྦβϵı֪ӵΣ
ʿףʿʿһ£ܿͬ⡣
ͷŽѾΧãһڼ룬պС˵ȫһʶ֮ƣðײá
Ҷغͻʸһ£ȴûгֵĴ㣬ֻһԹսʿζԸͷŽޣӶԸ޵ľ顣
ѾʺϵԪȻͷϡϵıֵƣǲûҪĶΨһϵģҲֻöŽڵԪҲӵĽʿȥֲǡ
ǼȻãȻûгֵĴ㡣
ֶˣȴΪϲܡֻҪ֣϶ֵܷһݱ̫ˡ
ʿˡֶˣŽȣٵϿգս֡
ҶغͻʸҲڵԵϿչս
ϣСӵʿȫԸΧͷޡ˿̼Ⱥʿ֪ǴӦ˳׷׵ͷʾ⡣
ϵıȻ󣬵ҲҪõõ֡ʿ˺ҲȲѵѡ
Ľ𵤺ʿѾãʿ𵤺ʿ룬ʱһһۣ׷˳֮⣬ͳƷʯƺ£ȫָ

߱ɡ㣡
ɷȣȥ
뽣
ʿףʿʿ𵤺ʿԪȫΧ
߱ɡΪһͱɡ⻪ɣռתһȵķȫѹȥѹɡɷΧ֮ڣѡ
ɷȣкХΪһʮɳǺۿྦβź֮һƬ
뽣Ѫնྦβͷ­ÿһնһɵĺâնϣನںʯϣնһĽۡ
𣡡
ͷޣΧǵֶһЩƺƴײ
ྦβƺãɴ಻ɫˮԴ֫˻ȥڵس嵴ͼײһͻƿڡ
ֶҲϣ߰˱׷ɽΧͷޡȻò󣬵Ҳܺȥͷ޵
Ҷغͻʸûг֣Իҫ⽣𽣣һעб仯Էⷢ
Ҷؿһҡҡͷֹۡ
Ȼʿ˵Ԫ޴󣬵ͷŽ̫ܿˣƤڣۼסǣӲ
Ԫô䣬κǲá
Ҫǲһ󣬽Χڵϣ뺣У֪ټ
һս²һʱܽġûһյĹ򣬳׺ȥɱǡ
֣Ѫɫ֮Ƚʵޣ
ҶؿãԽ𾪣һԵĽʵ
ҪѪɫ֮ޣǿǶߣôܶĹЩޡҪ˵ǿʿˡ
ͷŽ׽ޣγΪʿĻʵֲз
ܰ޴ǱںٳںϡƽɱޣҪȥϸѰңżϡҷֵģ඼һЩͨĽ𵤺ޡ
ҡͷѪɫ֮ʮ꣬Ҳḻһܲɱôһͷ𵤼ĺޣܲˡϡľŽޣһͷһģҲͷһϡ
Ŷôͷ޵ģ
һʼһСʿȥĳСɱޣɵ·ϣⷢͷ޳ںϣ̫٣Ͳ֡ңܿһСӵʿʮʿŸҶֻ֡û뵽ֻһЩֻǿסѣɱǡ
ǣͷ޼ȻںлôģͨĽޣ˲͵ǣϵ뵺ϲµĴ֮СҪ˵Ž۷ˡ
Ҷɻ
ǺǣɾͶ֣ϵܵһˡ
ЦҲ֪Һ֣ϵܣסףʵܵ͡Щ𵤸߽ʿ֮ԿһΧͷŽޣܴԭ򣬾֣ϵܵ
֣ɻʱĴڣȡһƤģĲ󣬹ΧžŸɫţͷá
Сظţģ
ҶضԴӡ̣һ۾˳ɫŹ֡
ԭ
еɻ󣬶ʱһ¶⿪
ΪĸԷֻöɽСظţƤƶɡֻͬڸ߽׷ΧҲС㹻ŭǼߵʿҪ˵Ǹ͵ˡ
´Сظţȥͷ޼ŭһĵķɥʧǣ񹥻ҽ˵ôס
֣ɻԲٿСظţģЦŽ͵ڴ˵Χɱͷޣ;ǸˣҽǸŭ˻
ģȴǲȻȽײߣѪɫ֮ɱޣȴǼ׶ˡ
Ҷزɴޡ


481 Ѫ£
Сظţĸ߽׷ȻԶԶȲϹŴͨظţĵԿǧﷶΧʿҲ񡣵ǣСظţģӰ쵽Ž׽𵤼޵ǡֱʿһ
СظţķҲбסȻܹɥʧǣһ֮սȴἱѶԸƽʱҲ
֣ɻԸ̾һ䣬룬ͻȻҶֵλʿ룬һȺʿѾʮ֮ڣʵѾ㹻ѹǡɴùͷʧȥǣ񣬱¶ǵ
һԣ
Ҳæ
֣ɻ󷨵𵤺ʿԼڵʿˣһȻԷ߶һǴ͵ĻСظţϡ
ˣ
һ죬ţͷкһȦȦɫ˿ͷϮȥ
СΧڽʿһʱоһѪȫѪзڣֱԼʣֻҪһĬԵķָ̱ܻ侲
ҶҲæʩչķѹѪ侲һ
ڣͷŽޣȴ߲ͨŶķһʱ޷סѪѪҺķڣ˾޴仯
໣
ྦβƵĹͷβ֫ӹ˳˫ͨ죬ȫֹ֫ǱǣѪţ׵ͺ
ˡ
䣡
һͷܴײ˹ȥ񱩵˶֮࣬ײϵ󷨵ĹĻϡ𵤺ʿһھѪ
ԵУƬƬۼѪⱩǣʮɵľβһ˦Ȼ߱ɡĳʿ˹ȥ
ʿȫΧͷԡ
ն
дʿһĿĺâգͬѸһ㣬ۼ׷϶֮У
ͣ
һޱȵѪգɡ
⻹Եһֱܵӵ˺
˶ʿ˵ˡǶһͷʮɵľ˵ԵúСԽŭ໽һΧʿȥ
ֻƬ̣ͷɥʧǾŽޣָ˿ڲ࣬Ѫ˿ڵϡ
Ȼȴ޷ȥʤֿʼƫʿʿȻӵĳȴʼϲ
ӣֻҪټʱԽͷŽ޸¡
Щʿһ۾ˡ
ѪǿޱԭϣưˡŽ׵Ѫǿʿʣ洦
ҶĿһ
֮ǰȻ㲻֣Ǵ˿̼ѪѪΪһʿҲ̲סһԾԾԵıܳ嶯
ϵԭϣɲҩģܹϸֳҪôӷȥҪôֱɱȡ
ŽѪѪɲǴӷܹ׹򵽵ġ
ҶҪ֣սԱռһЩѪѪ
ףˣ
ڴĻʸʱȴͻȻҶصֱһ£ָָԶաһֱŲһıԶΧ۲ĸϸ
Ҷ̻ͷһʱɫһ䡣
ʿˡ
ʮɫ磬ʣԶٷ
ʮڵ㣬󣬿ԿΡǷٶȣȫԸ
СģҪޣ
׼ֵ
С죬ʱڶʿŭȡϵڽʿҲѾ䣬ǵһӦȺʿҪޡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
΢ЩϳһȺʿֽΪС
Ҷصһʿеɻġ
Щʿÿ˶ɫţһͷģ
ҶһڵΧɱͷϡľŽޣЩȴǸһֱۣԹԵȫǰȥ˵ˡ
ͷеޣƺҲоʲôǱŭĺȻһ䣬Ƿ˿־ıĴ
ô£
ǲ޵ģ
ʿĪȴ˲ԤС
ЩʿԦɣʱͬʱһʺߡ
ߣԽԽߣ䣬Ѿ߶˷죬ʿоѹһʯһ
ãѪӣӣ
ʿ˰еĸߴߵѪɫ˳϶ʱޱȾ֣·Ǽµ龰һ㡣
ŭ𣬸˲ˣֱӼԦɽΪһ⣬෴ķȥ
ֶûŪ⡣
ɫͬʱޱ䣬Ҳ룬׷׳ɽݡ
ͷƴ֮£᧿ΣɲǼ
Ѫ
죬ôˣɣ
Ľ𵤺ʿǲһе죬ڷ£ͬʱһѪãѾԦԷǰȥڻָʿҲͬȥ
ͷʧȥ˴Ȼתͷȥ
ᱦеֶˣ쵽ֵıҪɣʱɥ
Ѫ
Ҷһ˲䣬һ㶣˲Ҳûô࣬æзϣŻʸߡ
ֶּȥ׷ɱͷޣüͷһ÷ˣŭҪˣߣ
ֶۣͷȥʱ
ֻƬǰֻʮɸߵġߡ˿Ѿһߣǵӿ
ԶԶȥǷڵĺƣֺѪɫ޳ϯء
ˣ
죬ǲڶ˿ؼ·ֻʣһ
ֶ˼˿ֲΣĻ˵ʲôɽҶص׷ȥ
ҶءʸԦʿˡ
顢֣ɻԵˣȴһ𣬳ǰɣǰδеء
ȫ߶УѪȴȻڽ
ҶصȻٶȼ죬ŻʸҲ첻˶١
һ׵Ѫ棬򣬷ٶȾͺͽʿ¡׵Ѫ棬ϵϽкڡģѪǰ棬Щ档أ֮ˣ
˵ΪߣʶҲʿ˵
ǺѪѾǧ֮ߣգγɵľ޴Ӱѹ˼
˴˿̣ҲѾЩѪģֻһֻֻȭͷСͨѪļ׳棬ȶųСѪɫڣһԺСɱľ򦣬ҧϺѪɫӴ֮£֮
ǼأַõʿɵЩۿžҪѪ׷ϣķܣɾһ׼ƴ


482 
ҶԦϣűȫɣĸӡףʿȾḻʿ棬Ѫ
ѵĺɾȻͷȥ
ԭǼ޽ʿ֪ˣȥ࣬ʱѾƣߣٶȴ󽵣ѾѪ׷ϣ޷ǵأϯѪ֮ѡ
ǲòһͼѪ֮
еһΪߵĽʿԷһ͵ıϵԪǹʿڱԪȥ
ǱϵԪǹһİɣ޴ɺˮ׷Ϊһı裬ɲǼǧɭıһѪȻȥ
ʿ֮һԺľԪƴһǹͺƣھŽ۷ʿҲƥС
ǵɳıǹޱ޼ʵĿֲѪɲǼ䣬ǧѪŴɷı꣬£Ѫ֮Ҳ̳һɵĴ󶴡
ǼˣˣͼƾıǹѪХûȻѪ汻ǹɱճļ϶գ۾ͱ
ţһ̶ġꡱҧ޴ǹûڿֲѪɫ޳֮УƬ̺ʧӰ٣·δڹһ
ȥѪʬ壬˼ɶʳɾһ㲻
ǼʿƴķҲֻ׷Ѫ΢һ˿ı䲻˲пʵ
Ѫһ˲䣬⼸ʿȫǡ

ѪڣʿļХɫǿĻǵûбɡ棬ڷĿǵĻ
ϷȻһҲҪͬھ
Ա
䡪
ѪڣʱγһǧɷΧľ޴ţΧѪһû
Ǽ˵ĽʿԸΪѪʳķͨͨȥȻԱ𵤣һĿĹâѪͬھ
ⱬըɱѪƣǶǵضѪû˿Ӱ졣
ת˲䣬Ѫٶȱ㽫Ÿû
֮߰⡣
ҶɣҵһĻȫ麧Ȼ˼㡣ڽʿһļ£Խ֣ȫ߶зҪѪ
Ѫ
Ҷش˿ᵽΪʲôʿһȺ𵤺ʿѪϮ֮󣬻˵ľ֣һ
ܽʿǿƬǧﷶΧѪǰҲһҶƼһ㣬ת˲ûûκνҡ
Ҫ˵ǣʹԪӤ棬һѪΧ֮УҲŲ˶á
ҲֻѪʿ֪ƬѪǶôĿֲ
ǼʿƴԱֻƴڽʿ˼δȡʲôʱ䡣
ʿʲôҲҶ룬ֻôƴӳһƬѪķΧ
ѪǣȺûϯǧﷶΧޱ޼ʣӴļ˾
Ѫǰ棬дŨѪɫ˳ÿһŶԼǧɷΧѪٶ졢ȽߵһȺѪ棬ƬǧѪȷ档
һŨѪǼ˵Ľʿû
ʿӦ죬ҲӵĽ𵤺ʿ
Ҷءʸףʿʿֶʿ֮ʣУʿĺ档
顢֣ɻԵһʮڵ޽ʿͬǷеһ
ϾһСȺʿڵһɱ߽ޣҲȻȻĵһ
ڽʿԷɽһ͵ķơ
ƣһϵķнȴŷнЧһصơͨһȺʿ;УŻʹá
ǰʿٷУҷ⼸𵤾Žס˽ʿ棬ڽʿһһں档
ķƣȻ絥ʿ
ǳ;Уȴȵһʿ;УܽʡٶҲ˿Ϊֶˣܽƣܿ߿յҷǿ϶顣
ΪʲôѪٶ֮죿Щǵͽ𣿾ȻЩʿˣ֪ˣͲɱͷˡ
̤һ׷ɽͷԽԽѪɫ̡
Ѫɫ֮ٶһ棬ҪȻҲɾͲǵˣ֮ǰһ˵Ҫɱޣǲ㵹ùѪ
ʿͷһۣŭ
ˣѪǰеٶ̫죬ٶȥҪһʱ䣬Ѫȷ棬׷ǣ
ʿȵ
һѪ֮Уûģ
λѣʲô취ֶΣԳҪһѪҲʣ°㡣
⺣ףʱ𣿡
ȻգѪȷʵҪࡣգַҲû
Ѫ棬ܷɣ뺣ǧɣֻҪѪ⣬ɡȻ뺣УҲһᱻû
ûЩ׵ޣҲѪƵķԾ棬Ӵ𣿣
Ƿɢ
һˣĸ죡ӲѪķΧֻ˺ѳȥ
ҪһתҲӣܿѪķ򣿡
ûãѪڵ棬ѪϢǰĸӣֻҪǵϢǾͻһֱ׷һת򣬻ٶȣѪ׷ϡ
һ⣬֪Ƭһ͵ϣݵĳѨ̾Ŵݣͷ֮ڣƽʱʿҿڣȥݵĳѨЩݣΪһЩʱ䣬ѪƽٶȣȡĻᡣ
ʿͻȻ뵽һ⣬̴ȵϾֻǰһѪ飬һˣǾͲȫ׷ǡѪ⣬ӴѪ˵ʵ΢
ã
һԣ
ʿ꣬ⲻ
ˣܽҲһҪλѣȥŴݵһ
ͽһʿΪ׵𵤾ŽʿȻЦ˿ûнյ
ϣĽʿʱ
ʱзЩʿѪû
һȺʿѾʮСʿҲһʵĶ顣
ãһѪȷ棬вǧɣϾҪ׷ˣݵĳѨжԶܲüϵ
΢ںĽʿͷһִ󺰡
ǵٶȣѪ޼ǣѪȷ棬ȴǿһߣȥǿ³ŲɵݵĳѨ
ҶػͷһȴֻѪǰһǧɵѪ׷ǣͬһž޴Ѫڣ϶ǡ̡˹ͼһڸ£
һʱỹˣ
ʿҲͷһۣ֪Σλѣҵһ֣ɱһ׷Ѫȷ棡ǾǵٶȡֻҪѪûǾлѣ
ã
ȫͻΧȥһ
ˣһѡ
ΪҵȳԮ
һȺʿʱҲ˲˭ͷ졣
ʿǰһȴԪ߱ɡȫ߶£ɡǵʮɴСת߲ѤöĿķ˼¡
ʿ䣬ҲѾų߱͡ɡΪ⣬ңγһԲ׶ƣ໥֮ķ໥ײ
мǣܱѪȷ棬ס˶飬ٲ
ɱ
ڴͬʱһѪȷ棬Ѿ׷Ⱥʿ
һŵѪ棬͵һͷҲĽ档ʵ൱ʿֻ֮࣬һƬǧɷԲѪˣͬһӣ֨֨Уʿ˵
ʿ˵ȼ𵤰˽סŽʿһļͷηһԦԪֱɱһѪȷĺġ
ڽʿ󣬷ųɱѪ档
飡
޴߱ɡȻײǰһƬѪ档ɡ޴Ѫ棬Ѫ
һȺʮʿһʩչ׷׷ǵһĽҵѪɱȥ
һȺʿ𵤺ڱռһϣʣµҲǽʿһֲ֣ͬ
һѪȷ棬ȻߴֻҴﵽĽףȻҲǵĶ֡
Ƭ̵ĹѪȷ棬ͱǸնɱһա

ǣʿһɱһѪȷ棬ȴûκ¶ҵı顣ӵľ֣һ޷ƵĿ־壬Ѹӡ
ǸղڳɱһѪȷʱ򣬷ٶᱻۣ½ѪҲ׷ĸһЩ
οѪȷ棬ɲֹһšʮţ֮࣬ɱһţһţ׷ɱ˹
ѾѪȷ棬Խǣɵǰȥ׷ɱʿȥˡ
⻹ֻһ档
Ǹе־ǣǱʣķһɱնɱƵѪ棬Ѿ׷׸һľս֮½ǽʿҲ췦ɱЩѪ档
Ŀգ
ô죿
üʿ϶¶ɫԦȡ
֮ǰںϣΪɱͷŽ׽ޣѾһգȥ˼࣬ûܼʱָ
һޱȼҵɱѾǷ޵ıԵ
ʿͬ¶ƣ룬۵һ˿ǰ棬סӴѪײҲ
һʧΪôķٶȣǽһ֣֮
ʵϣһȺʿֻҪμԾŽ޵ģʣķûжˡ
ʿƣǲִ֮䣬ָܻٷ
ܿ죬һѪȷ棬ֻн棬ɱ˹
ã
ʿʧɫ
ֻҪѪȷ棬Ƭ̣ôѪܿ׷ǳû
֮أ
ʿɫ䣬ڵķ޷ӦһƬѪȷ档
ͻȻ뵽ʲôϲ󺰣ҶѣûвΧޣӦû㹻ķܹȫС죬죬ϣ
ҶԭǸڶмλá
ڶĽ𵤺ʿڣֲȥͷ
ã
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣δ룬ֱӻһɽת۳嵽˶ǰ档ʸҲûں棬̸ȥ
ʿͻΧʱͬҶض棬˵룬ݺݵĹ˿ƣԽԽѪɫٱ䡣
λѣǴݳѨ˵أֻһǧҵȵʵֻҪһ£ܿ͸ܣѪȷ棬ֻҪɱ⡣Ѫȴǧ׷ϣҵȶҪ֮أ
λѣǵޡԷóϺ󡣷Ѫ׷˭ҲѲˣ
ƴģƴ˰ɣ
еԷͨͨó
λޣǸΪʱ򣡡
ʿһҧȽ⿪޴׳һֻݡ
һչʮɿӥֳ󼸸ö飬ʮ
ֻ׵ӥʿٸͷ̹˿ΣͷʿΪ˻ҲòʹͷޡǼö׵ķ顱ʮŸ߽׷ֱֵһᡣ
ӥǽޣѾԣ˿Ҳ֪Ѿͷѹ˱ܵĿ־塣ӥһ䣬չᳯֲѪӭȥͬʱȳ޴УѪ˹ȥ


483 ִﵺ
󷽵ѪѾ׷Ҷءʿ˵һȺʿ
ʿ֮ΪͣղźޱԼòײռļö飬ԼŸ߽׷һĳѪ˳ȥ
䣡
ˮϵ鱬ըγһ׵˲˺ɿռ䣬ΧڵѪ棬ɽʬ
Ÿ߽׷ͷųķΧĸϵ׷Ѫ棬ըǧֻǻ˼֡
ֻ΢һ٣Ӵ󣬲ֻѪ棬һӵϣȥʬ˲ҧ£Ϻӥϯȥ
ӥһӥΪһ޴ҷУѪ֮УƬѪ棬Ѫĭ
գ֮䣬Ѫ㽫ӥȫɡëȾӲӥգ۹򣬱Ѫɸɾ
λѣ֣ȺѪɵӹһǺܷܿɵݳѨ֮Ѫ
ʿʿŭ֪ѾΣĵزһأҪٲѪ֮С
ڽʿҵѾƽݽߣֻܽЯĸķи߽׷ĳ׷Ѫ
ޣҲ׷״޴з˳ڷж࣬赲ѪķϮ
һСȺʮʿѱĽ𵤼ޣ߰ͷ֮ࡣ
ÿһͷ𵤼ޣѵĴۣԶһԪ
˿̣Ƿ׷׷ųѪɱȻޣȥеı߽׷ҲҪסԼ
ʿߵСӣڽʿ໹һЩٿظԵķԴֵסɿƽѪ档
һʿ֮ǰȥ̫ķڷѾƽݽߡ
һУҲûжٷֻ֮ƴƻָĿĽʿѪ֡
ʿĿ⣬Ͷ˷ǰͷҶءʸˡ
Ҫ˵ڻž󲿷ַܹȫԸҲֻҶءʸˡ˴ʼգûûвɱͷŽޣȻҲûĶٷ
ܲѪΧ׷½أҪҶ˵ʵܲɱΧжٶȷɵݳѨ
ǶҶصĲߡ
Ҫ֪ҶҲŽ׶ѣȻķܶ࣬Ϊ϶ˡʿȽڰˡŽ׵ʿҪϺܶࡣ
顢֣ɻˣҶؾ֣ȴǾǶҶزս֪Ҷش󲿷ʵȻΪҶرʿҪ
ʿӵˣԼڶ󷽵ֶҲҶغͻʸа޲ֵܽɱʱı֣ͬҶġ
ҪȻʿҲΣͷһʱ뵽Ҷضǰ
һŵѪ棬ٶɱ
ˣ
Ҷذһ
ҷΪǿңȫ߶ǿҷٷС
ǧ򲻿뿪ϣľԪʹϣҲܱѪһߡ
ţ
ʸ˵ͷԴ
ɴ¾ӣʮ侲ûΪѪƽı䡣Ѿ𽣺ͱǺ⽣ٿأǳʮɳı˫ңʱ׼֡
Ҷſ³СӭǣɲʱΪʮɾ޽
޼᲻ݵĽҫ⽣ǰΧȼ𽣣ԼǿޱȵĻ񳾽ࡣ
ԪӦִɱս
һˮɱֲ޷Χ˶á
˿ܹԴΧѹ棬ǲִ֮ʹһȺʿҲҪꡣڷľ֮ҲѾɥʧ
Ҷزδɽٻ
ҪĹͷҶҲûʩչнȻнˣĵķҪʩչԪɽ࣬Գ־üȥ
Ԫټϱı˫Լʿʣսͷ𵤼ޣɵһֻѪ棬ɱΧ㹻ˣ
ҶظոͷһѪѾԽԽǿҵбƽǧɾת˲ͬһߴǧɵ磬֧ʿ飬ȫ˽ȥ
ɱ
ʣһЩʿ̳ѪܼĵطԵķɽɫҫ۹⻪Ѫȷм俪һѪ·


ͬʱʸһȣ𽣺ͱǺ⽣˲ɢʮηɽÿһɴС桢˪תųѪȷɱ˹ȥ
ЩɽеѪ޲ǣɻҡͬʱЩɢıɽһ޴ı
еϺ棬յѪ桰ֽ֨֨Уҷ𡣶Ǻ⽣˪֮ЩѪóٻתۺ㶳ѳ¡
еĲٽʿĿࡣ
ŮʹĹƣһĿ꣬һЩ˾Ž׵Ľ𵤺ʿ˵Щ㡣
Щеͽ׵ˣȴǷͬʱʮСɽ¡
ʿϲɫޱȡ
ΪһѪ棬ȻʵȷɵһҪһЩȴй֮޲
ǲپ۳һţΧĸܣ
ʿմм䴩ɱѪ·ѪѸٵĴ࣬ǰ
ʿ飬ԽǰѪ棬ǸһۣǰʿΧ׷½ȥƸӲ
Сģ
űɱĻʸǵĿԷᵽ۷Ҷء
Ҷسһͷ
ҫ⽣𽣣ɱ
ҶһȣһӣͣǰԪͬʱ
űҫ⽣ų⣬߰ʮɴСĽɫ޽ֱǰѪ档
ڣ
Ʋһ˺ֲܼѪǰ棬һܵâȺ׵Ѫ棬ڽҫ⽣ʮɽâ£ľͷҪ
𽣣ֻǵʮңڡ
Χ档
Щ棬ת۾ͱ仯һֻֻѻһΧѪϯ˹ȥÿһͷѻܽʮֻΪҽ
ǰѪǰ棬Ҷغͻʸ£ټһЩʿĸۿɼٶѸ
׷ʿѪ棬ȴߣҪڶļʿû
ˣˣ
ں󷽵ʿֶˣ֣ɻԡȽʿ־;ݷ
ǣЩľĽʿάַɽͻԦ档
һĽʿѪ漤սѱôüԮ֡
ҶѾýҫ⽣𽣣һƬѪ֮Уɱ˳ȥΣһ񳾽ȥ
񳾽
񳾽ѷǿԪһʮɵľ޽ɵʿ档׷һȺѪ棬׷ײʮɻ񳾽޴Ľϡ
ž
ͬɰʯײʯϣ˻ȥ
ɽһᣬΧѪ棬ضһ롣ϵɽٷֵ˶һѹ
лҶ
ֶˣϲ̷׷׼л
תʿϵľɥһɨա
ָֻһ㷨ʿͶɱ֮УΪǰҶص˷ֵһЩѹ
Ҷһ߲ŷȴѹ
ߵĻʸҲһɫѡ
ٸߵսҲı䲻ֻн׵ʵҪɱ˶ѪȷѾףҪֳ񣬷ȥסһʿѹ
Ҷûзֶ飬ԼľĽʿѡȻʩȡ
ԭܼ򵥣ԸԼҲҪͬ
ǣѾԶһ޴졣
ȻԶڽʿޱȵķٶ˵ȴת˲ȵ
ͬȻá
ǲлָͬʿֵѹҶ̾ҪƵóȫʵӦսѪ档
ҶغͻʸҲֻ֧Ŷʱ䣬һǲϵĺȾƷϼ齬¡
һʿٶȴһֻѪ֮УɱʣµѪ棬ͺո˽޵ѪѾ޷ǹв
ǰһԲ߰Ĵ죬СڽʿҰΧڡ
޴ĵϣʮƵɽ塣
ÿһɽ嶥ϣݡ
ڵݣɽڿն𣬷ĽԽԽ
Ҷصһʿ״һ
͵죬Ҳ֪жٳѨ
ݣڵգȻڼ̵ʱڣ۳һŶﷶΧŨŨȼյĻƣա
ϵݣȻѾ֣һӴǧѪڷѸٵĳǵĵƽ
ݣǾԼĳѨ
Ѿ׼ӭսѪ
ӴѪҲȻһ¿ʼѾǰһϿգۼӴĻƣ֮ɢŨޱȵϢ
ѪıܣǶȻ
ˣ⵺ϵݣƽվרʳ桢ޣѪ֮һԶԶȲѪ棬ǵʵȴҪǿ౶
ʿϲ
ݣ˴ģݳѨƽʱÿʿ¶֮˿ȴ·˾һ㣬ÿ˼վڷɽ
ʵϣһӴޡȺ֮չսǸȥ·Ľʿ
ʿĻᡣ
Ѫˣ⵺ϵݣ²֮ڡǴѪˣ
漣
ûù͸ϷĽް
ʿϣϲ֡
ҶȴûȥˣѪĻǰ΢һָһ񳾽Ϊһ߳ĻɫСͣԼߡ
ҶֺͻʸһջǰıԪ
ɫ԰ףȻղһսȥ˲ٵķ
Ҷѣˣɣ
𵤾Žʿˣ𵤺ʿҶ˷æǰ滻ˡ
ҶҲǿͱ΢΢һͷ˵жм䣬ڴָ
顢֣ɻԣæΧ˹Ϊ˻
ֶ塣
ʿɫ֮
󷽵ӴѪڼ͵ٶȿʼɿļᡣǧﷶΧѪߵ棬Ѹٵм俿£
λѣǰǷȥź棬ܿݺҪײϣ
˴ѹͷɽȥ
˽ϣʱ˶飬ǾЩԩˡ
ЩݴеǰҲ˲Щʿ
գڶݾŽס˽ͷĿһݣ׷ųѪȥĻ⣬ͬٲһ㣬׳ۡ
ڽʿĸҿæˮУת򣬼Ӷȥ
ʿƿ͵죬ǰȥ̲סͷһ
ֻЩﷶΧĻݣɱӴѪݿһźɫ棬Ѫ棬ǵļ๡צĴĻ棬Ѫ˴ɱˡ
ѪƽײӴĻ֮ٶΪ֮һ裬Ѫ߷ɾ۹չƴɱ
Ѫɳ棬Ͷս
һʱ䣬ΧﷶΧȺУݺѪ漤սɱڶ
ΣʿˡҶ֧ÿһλʿ˿һ㡣


484 Ϲսż
ѪͻݴսԶԶ뿪˴͵죬֮ڽʿɸеһļºͺ¡
ⳡͻѪ֮ա
ҪǼʱѪƽҪʿḻҪǼʱִ̾͵죬һȺʿǧСڣȫҪѪ֮УΪѪĸʳ
Σգλʿ˿
ܹʱѪ֮Ľʿࡣ
һ·ϣʮʿһʿɥѪ֮Сһʱѵģֻѡ
£ĬԶĴ͵졣
Χ򣬱ڼƵѪƵĻݣȾһƬǧﷶΧѪɫ
ɲϦµĵ죬ѪȾ˵ΧһƬǧﷶΧ򡣵Χÿһգݵս
ûһչ򣬿ⳡݵĴս
Ѫɫ֮ѹ֣ôһ֡
Ҷ𾪵Զĵ졣
ģѪսѪȾǧҲֻз½ɽս֮ȡ
Щݣ㣬δЩѪ棬ֻһʱ䡣ֻȺѪʳ֮󣬻صϳѪŻɢȥƵܿѪϯķ򣬲ס
ڽʿԦԶ
γޣòͷϡľŽޡսһһҹۿҪֲ֣ޱȵѪ
˸пǵûջ񣬷ʧһֻ߽׵ޣмʧء
εʧҪܾòֲ
Եļλ𵤺ʿҲͬ̾
ʿһʧ
ǷųȥĽݣȫɥ˿ֲѪ֮Уûһֻӻ
Ϊ͵ֶˣʧ٣ֻȥһЩн׷Ʒơ˱ĺܣԪûУȦޣûʲô
Ҷءʸȥ˴ľŽƣʧҲֶ˸
ΨһֵҵǣһʮʿȻûһˡҲһСС漣ˡ
Ҳˣӹһ٣λѣʲô㣿
ʧһͷޣЩգָܿ˵ûʲôĻǷعŴݵ㣬һơȵȣģһͬȥɱޡ֣ڣɱͨӦһЩʧֲ
֣ŴݵԶһһأҪʮʱ䡣ǼȥżȥˡѾ˺ЩʱգɱǴϹַѰʿˡȥԽñﶼʿˡ
˵ҪعŴݵ㣬ȴæ˵һʯһĿɲѱʱ䶼˷ڸ·ϡ
żʲôط
һ㶡
Ѫɫ֮Ϲַкܶ࣬ѰʿȥĵطڹŴݵһҲʮ֮ã֪⸽󲿷ֵϹַҲȥеĲٹż
ûżַ
֪ʲôط
ֻͷһʿ
ʿҡͷûż
ʿȴɫ΢΢һ䣬жߴա
֮ڹŴݵ㣬ļҶط򸾡ֶʿһȥżĿȴΪ˶༸ڻңڹؼʱ򣬺ڻұȫ
ңҲ̫Щʵڻһᱦ
ǣ˵һʮʿҲһȥĻǾĴơ
һкü𵤾Žס˽׵ʿ
Щ𵤺ʿǾܵڻҡ
ЩʿһڻżڣֵּƵϹűܻᡣ
ֻҪһ࣬ףʿʿ𵤰˽ס߽ʿûκˣǾԵơ
ʿôҲû뵽󣬾ȻְһеĿ꣬˵˳
ߵͣҲ
ȻûȥǴһȥһ˶ЩҲżҵıÿָһҲܷһˡ
ȴǸûʿɫһ㣬Խ˵
Ŀɨߣʿ˼ƽϣЦӵѣҿɴδϹַǻżʲôطŷֵַ
Ҳһַͨѣδҵʲô
ʿɫΪѿ
ǺεȾһ۱㿴ʿһҲһȥ
ȥͨϹżûбҪڡ
Уá
ӵѣͲ˼ˡ֮ǰΧͷŽޣǰ;Ҫ룬ҿǰ仰ҲûзԣǼȥһ·ֵַȴϣҵҲһȥ˵ȥ
ȴǴЦȻҵҲ飬ɴҾͽһжӣһȥ̽ϹżϹַ򼫴󣬱ӦòֻҪʵ㹻ûɷ֡ӵѣ㿴Σ
ʮʿʱҲĶ
õϹսַдűڣÿѪɫ֮ĽʿԸһʿʵǿȡñĻҲ˷׷׳ͬ
˵Ѿģ˦ǣһȥɡַҪƽСǹżҲȷʵܴ󣬷ǳգǼܹ̽ѰġЩʿҲаսż
ףʿɫľګ΢΢ҡҡͷʿȥһΣơȷֱ֮취֡
ðɣλһȥ˵ǰͷɱӣ˵ط֮λҪж
ʿɫףʿĽ飬ǿͬ⡣
У
̴Ӧ
һʿȻٷУԶԶĶ㿪Ѫнʿ·֮£ڽʿΪʮɫâǴżڵķ򼲷ɶȥ

߰պʿˡҶصһнʿڵִһϹսַΧ
ϹַУ⴦ϹսַĹģǳҶغͻʸԤϡ
ϹսַȻһ͵죬ΧڶǵС죬ΧΪӴ
ȻǽʿҪ⴦ϹսַɹҲҪһνϳʱ䡣
Ѫɫ֮ĵ֮Ҷڴ˿̵̲ᡣ
һϹַռĵ
ʿҲԷԽѪɫ֮ҥԡҪдʹڣݵ֮УҪϺܳʱ䡣
Ҷط˹ȥ
ľ͵죬кܴһ֣һƬããѪɫ֮СЩǳѪɫѪѪɫ󣬼Ϊơ
ѪĳѨ
ʿһƬѪʱһûеתӡ
֮ǰѪǰǸŲˣ˼Ѫɫĳ̶ȡ
ֱʿ֤ûѪ档
ʿţǰ͵졣
֮ŷ֣ЩѪɫ룬ŲٵĺɫԽɫԽŨңŨīһӿ
ϿգѪɫһ𣬳һְɫУ˸еһɭµĸо
ҶؿǰϹսַЩҡҡͷ

ǳŨҵ
ҶϢǳϤһ۱㿴ˣϹսַڲ϶ſµĹ
ȻϹַйǿ϶ѪˡһлŵСЩŨīܹɱѪ档ѪĳѨǲ͹ĳѨһͬһϡ
ϣֻһС֣¶Ѫɫ档
вٵҾʯƺǱǷɽиһΰĹųǡųѾưܣŷĲԫϱڡ
ƺһϹʿоӪأҲ֪һϹս޽ġ
˿ϣЩ¶Ĳԫϱڣɾ
ߺ壬ѾѪսʮ֮ãÿ궼Ѫɫ֮ս˴Ϲż
ȷ֤ݣ׷Щż
ڽʿŵУһ߹۲쵺ڵΡ
ưĳǳأɢʬǣʿԼһЩ޵ľ޴󺡹ǣһʱԷֱ档
ĺ磬ϹսַХһƬء죬Ϲսַİɫȴû˿ɢļ
˵ؾǡż
˴һǰϹַ֮üҡͷȻ˶ѪһѪĳѨӣƺڱĹռˣҲ˵ŨңӵѣĽȥ
һɣʿ̻ɵĿʿ
ȻʿӣҲֻϵӶѡ
ֻףλʿŻ¡ʿֶˣ˹ؼʱ򣬶İš
˽𵤾Ž׵ΪӵļԪʮͬ飬ȴǶ졣Ļȱʿöˡ
ѣѵΪƭ㲻ɣ
ʿüЩá
ǰЩ죬һʿ⴦Ϲսż档ٵԹ顢ʬã;ţߣɭɭȴûпʿûǽ𵤺ڵʵаսȥһԣѰұġ治ҽȥȥĻǾ档
ӵѣҲǲɣֻضѡֱӵѱġ
˺ǺǴЦ
ֵ˵ӵѼȻҽȥ϶аաֻǣ⴦ϹżʵǿĹʿ档ôöԸġ
ΧѪ֮Ũ϶һѪĳѨӣѾûѪڴ˵ˡƬĺƣƺЩʿֶΡԻ󡯣ǿ쳣գ
Ȼ⴦ϹַȤȴ׽ȥ
ʿ̬Ц
⼸ദҲ˽⡣
˾Բ̸Уǰֱˬ෴ϸ緢Դ⣬֮
ʿ˼Ϊɵ˶ҶصļɵϾ˽ھŽΪһʿͷ죬Ϊʵǿ
һȺʿ飬ʱģ˼ӡѪʱ򣬶ٻĻһѡϹַȴǲˡ
ҶءʸصʵУʿܹġ
˵ġԻ󡱣ʿȴûʲô˽⡣
ʿҲڵۣ
ʮﷶΧơһľ͵죬Ѷȿɾͷͬһˡ
濴̫գˣܳˡѵһȺСʿȥܲ𣿡
һ𵤺ʿΪȻ˵
ǵʵڶɽѾǺܸˡߣǾԪӤھʿ
ҲȥϹż̽Ѱľ顣⴦ϹżڶϹַ֮һûʲô˵ġ
οһжӶʮСʿͬУʲôԣôʿڣĻᶼûС
Ի󣿡
Ҷһ
ʿʿһִĿĵأͿʼ໥ƣ׼ᱦ˼ûκȤ
˵Ĳ²⣬ȴҶЩ
Ի󡱣ȥƺ͹ʿЩϵ
ҶɽĿ֮УǸӵܱɵĹͷʬõһöšһƪΪ󷨡Ĺ޹
ƪ󷨡ƪУἰһΪԻ󡱵󷨡


485 Ⱥ޻
Ի֮أԹɡ
ڣԹ顢õȸĹΪѲ
ֻнϵĹʿʵִ󡣵Ȼʿѧ󷨣ҲֻܲΪ̡
Ҷؼǵã󷨡ƪأŵɽŽأǲµ֡Ի󡱵󷨡
ƪϣἰ󷨵ûϸ󷨵ĲԭҶز󷨣ҲԴƪȤһֱûȥϸ
ƲġԻ󡱣֪ŵĹԻʲô𡣻ͬһִҲֻͬѡ
Ҷдš
δ˵ֻʸһ£а
Ѫɫ֮ϹսżڣһԻ󡱣±½һɽصĻ󣬸ǿ
λѶû˵󷨰֪ҲϸֻһκżȻĻᣬһλƵĴΡʱλɫ壬ӡ̡ҲգȻҶѾˣȥ̽һδ˵ȥ
˿ʿһۣǳէϤðսȥ޵Χתһת̽һʵ⴦ϹַȽϰȫһЩһеΣգ˳ҲһЩλΪΣ
ҲãȿΧƣٽȥ٣
ֽҵȱֵ˼ɣ
ʿ׷׵ͷͬ顣
ҶءʸԼֶˣҲδԡ
ҶҲҴææԻðա
˼ʿͬ⣬ֱʿ͵ıԵشϿշУ۲쵺ԼܵΡ
ʿɫһ䣬¶ŭ֮ɫ
֮ǰѾ˵ã֧ӣϹַһжİţ˵ôжôж
һ˵أ˱̱û֮ǰ˵ĻдӲ̽
ʿŭ͡
ףλʿʱȴæҡͷʹɫȰ裬Ȼǲַ
ʮʿ˸ܿ⡣
Ȼ޷⣬ֻʱͷֻĬ˳Ϊӡ
ʿףˣջڶĺ棬δȻȥ
˻ͷƳһۣʿҲţһЦδ˵ʲô
ڶɽ磬˭ʵǿ˭ͷ򵥣ûеɽҪǲֱ˾ǣûš
ŵ˴ԼһĹ򣬺ܿ죬֧ʿɫһ䡣
⴦ϹżѾʿ֣Ϊ٣
ǺȻ֣͵ΧǵС졢ϣѾһЩʿ飬פʱЪϢ
ʿв
ʲôֵġһΣӷ⴦Ϲַʱ⵺ϵŸոһЩɢ¶һǣ˵ػûĽʿ֡Ѿһǰˣһ£϶вںѰ޵Ľʿִ˵ء
ʿһ˵
Ǳкü֧Ѱʿ顣ߣȥǣһʱ䣬Ƿʲôµıʡ
˰գٶ˵ͷԶһ޽ȥ
һСȺʿƺڹ졣
͵컹һξ룬ͣ£Է⡣
˶ǰ
Ǵ޽ϣü𵤺ʿ𣬾ǡڼûȫ΢һЩ
λѣӦõִ˴һʱˡ֪λѶͣΧȴȥôһ£
˺ǺЦֵѸ֪һƷʯΪл
˵Ҳ˴ӦȡһöϵƷʯԷ˹ȥ
һƷʯһƷʯ£Ծܾ
Ҫ֪ɹĽʿΪĲͬÿҲܴɹȡɿƷʯѡãԼȥ
öвʿ
ֶˣСɼ壬˽ڼǿޱȡ
Ϊ׵ĽʿһԥǿƷʯʯ
ðײð
ȻʿɫŻͬҲһ֣λѿˡ˵صҲʲôܣȻλ֪¾͸λˡ
һˣҲڰ֮ǰ˵ءʱڵĳΧӡм𵤺ڵʿΪ̽Ǽ˽ЩѪû㣬·ʧһ㣬Ҳûǵˣ׷գҲʹΧȿԲ˵
λѣȥİɣΪ֮
˵꣬ʿɻҡҡͷ˻صҺ档
꣬üͷȴ
˵Ĳ١
֪ģ⴦Ϲżϸȴ˵˵û˵
ʿˣҲ˵ʲôȴڰЦ
ϴ⴦Ϲַ棬һڡϧûüȡ֣Ϯ˶ͬǲò˳
ȻڹŴݵ㣬ļֶڻңҶءʸʵ֪ǳʿȥŻȡ
ֻϧƫƫһʱ̰ɱͷŽޣֺһʿһ
ֶԭǿڻҵʿԸһж
ʮֵı鷳

⡭
һʱҲò⣬ȥҲǣ뿪Ҳǡ
⴦ϹսżȻδʿģ̽Ѱ϶мǰʿµϹű
ܿ죬ͻԽԽʿǰ
ڲȥԺĻűʿˡ
ǣȴĪ⣬Եϸһ֪
˭֪Ϲսż棬һЩʲôжա
Ѫɫ֮֮ؼ࣬ԪӤʿһСģΣգҪ˵Щʿˡ
ʿȻȥǽ벻𵤺ʿ˳֤˵صա
˻ûʧԥ

͵˵ʿΪѵʱ
ɽâڵߡ
ԶԶʿҶص֮󣬶Ȼ٣ɽھ͵츽һСϡ
ǸϽϣӵģڣ
һʿݺݵԶһȺʿһ˫۾Թ˵
ʱߣֻкʿʿˣҲһߺ޵ĿԶҶصˡ
ܴʿһͬе׵ܵܣȴǲӰ
·ϲ㱻ѪˣӵĿ죡
ϴʿǻˣԽԽ࣬ھȻжʮСʿ˽סŽ׵ĶԷ˶ڣ϶С
ʿܴʿæȰ
Ͻϣһ϶ѣϣ𵤺ΪһΪһˣҲûͻԪӤϣ𣬲ܲ
ܴʿһ˴ǰҶҪȡζ
˵⣬ܴʿֲԹɭ
һԵĺʿʿˣ̹ܵǺ⣬̲ס˸
ϴôΪ϶𣿡
ǼˣڲǵĶ֣ʿ
ܴʿѾԼʵǿĽ𵤶ᱦʿ룬ǶѾͬ⣬ڸ˵ءʱǺ˶
ʿͷʾͬ
Ȼʿüëһ󷽿ȥЩףǻʿǲСȻڻǡϴҪҪȽǣǵʱְţ
ŶҲˣ
ܴʿҲȥ˫ͫһ֮ɫЦĺáһʿȻΪЩҲ٣ʿһҲϼáڣȡʱ򣬵˵
ߣȥһᡣ
˵ܴʿΪ˷ֹҶص˷֣ѹˮ泯Զǻʿȥ
ʿʿһۣһȥ
ʿһ˶ڣҲ뾡ܶһЩֲС

ʮ⣬Ȼһʿһ
Ȼʦ֣ղܵһᱦʿһڸǣˡҪҪܿǣ
һʿ
ã
Ȼ£¶Щ⣬ǲ϶Ѿ˷ˣֻˣǿ١ʵѾ㹻Աκβǡ
ǡ
ʿʡ
ȿǹʲô
Ȼһֹ֣ʿ˵¡
ܴʿѾɶâգȻǰͣ¡
ܴʿЦеģΪ֮ǰˣŵѣһ·ϸ˲ٹɣǵҲȥԸҶģ
ȻЦ϶ѣܵл˵
ϽҶһڵǱߡѾһЩͬһ㶯֣ʱˣһ֣ζҪ֮ء
ܴʿĿ
Ȼԭܴʿ˵Ҷؾǰ棬һϲ
ǲܴʿҪҲսɫʱˣҸһԸҶģǿ˵ˣǶɱҶģϵĲƻ㡣³֮ٸһʯɴû˵ԼҲ֡
Ȼ۾
֮ʿһֶԸҶأΪ˱ӡ
ֻҪʿɱҶأΪһǿУ´󹦣ضãʹ͡ĵλҲܴߡ
ǣһеǰᣬԼǣȥκ֤ݣ֤Ҷصй
һ¶Ͻ֪һʿȻɱϽɹϡϽĸ߲㣬ض𼫴𶯣ŭ֮²ȡҵıʩ
ִˣᾪ˵ĸ߲㡣˸߲㣬Ǿɹϱɱ鷢и
ϽŹ
Ҳ֮
Ǹʱĸ߲㣬Ϊ˴֣Ϊ˱ϽֱӶԿҲضôһССĽʿ
Ȼ᲻һ㡣
һʼҵһһʾ޶ʯЩаȥɱˡţ³֮һὫһҲɵһ˰ˣʱ˭Ҳû˵¸йˡ
Ȼʦ֣򲻿ɴӦҪǴȥǸѪɫ֮аһΪ飬
һʿ˵ȻǵȴδԲһ˱ܻ䡣
Ȼôܸа֣
Ȼ漴Цܾ˲ܴʿ顣
ãõúܣ
ܴʿ˫ĿͫȻһһâǲмЩаΪˣλΪ֮Ѫɫ֮ǺյġǧСһЩ
˵ܴ꣬ʿһݻͬȻʿʿһԾ𣬻ΪâŶȥ
ƣ
ȻĿŲһԶ
ߣҲȥ͵ΧתһתѪɫ֮ϹżҿѾãȴǵһ
ȻҲżʿŶȥ

˵һнʿãûҪҪ̽⴦Ϲż
λѣһʱҲò⡣
һеķӣȻǶѾˣҲؼ뿪Ǹλûʲô£ͣգȿ˵صʿǷȥ
ЩѰʿ˵Ѿʮ֮ãû뿪˵ڵȴʲôᣬ취󡣡
λûڵһЪϢȥʿһʣûԸһϹżġԽ࣬ԽȫЩ
˷׷׳ͬ
ʿˣţ˲ðգȥ£ֶҶصˡҲ£ɫ΢΢һ䣬аޣҲ޿κΡ
˼û˷ԣһȺ˼ʿ䣬ʿѡңͷЪϢ
Ҷءʸн顢֣ɻԼһ໥ҲӦ


486 
ˡʿҶصһȺʮʿѪľ͵츽һƬСȺʱ
˽°ź֮󣬱ʿĽңͼȥʿ飬һż̽Ѱ
ʿԹۣףʿʿһƺʲô
ʿЪϢ
һϡ
ʸҪ붨ȴһֱ޷ģһԵҶأǵܸоʲôҪûָо
Ҷԣ˿ʸɫ˲Զľ͵һۣһ£ҡͷ˵￿ϹַַѪŨңɷ϶Ӱ쵽񡣲СţӦòʲô⡣⸽ѾƼʮλʿ䣬ҲӦĹ
ʸҲûʲô׵ĵط֪Լǹڵˣ˵ͷȡöšʶ˫󷨵İ
Ҷؼ״Ҳȡһö뿴󷨡ƪУǷڹԻļء
󷨶˽һ֣Ϲսż֮Ҳܶһְա
Ȼ˵󷨺ڵ󷨣δͬһ󷨡ǣǹʿµĴ󣬶ٻЩ֮
Լʱ֮
ҶغȻɫһ䣬Ȼ̧ͷȥ
ʸʲôȻͣ
ڳڽʿԶϢѰʿȫɫ죬¶ɫ
ֻգʮɫ磬ٳ߷
ʮâǰһǧɵɫ磬ӨӨķ⣬쳣ҫ۶Ŀȫѹ˺ʮСâдʿļµӴѹ
ԪӤʿ
ڽʿ˵һҺ
һԪӤʿʮʿ
ҶһȻվ漴ɵϷգɫ첻
֮ǰΪֹϹսżĸǽʿ
Բ̫Լİȫ
һԪӤʿ֣ζȻͬԪӤʿʵҪȽʿǿ̫࣬ʿ޷ȡ
ʸҲԣĿ¶ɫ
żУѵʲôƷϹűɣȻԪӤ棬ҲˣͬһҵĽ֣ɻԶʿһȺɵҶظɫЩš
Ҷ֣߲ƣ
Ѫɫ֮ԪӤѰʿԪӤڵʵѪɫܹ֮ΣյǵĲࡣͨҲͶԪӤʿںߡ
һһȺʮʿΪټ֪ЩˣǲΪϹżġ
пܡ
Ҷɫأǵ¼¡
Ǽ˵䣬ʮִ͵ʮԶʱ򣬺Ȼһͣ
ǰģһλۣһ麧˵ɫߵԪӤ档
λԣһʿƮݣӺݻ󣬵ĿȴΪԼΪ
ڴ˶˺ģȴʮʿһɫ𵤺Ϊʵ쳣ǿ
һȺʿɵֵʮУû˶
ֻ棬ڴǰľ͵죬ɫá
͵ΧʱвѰʿƼȺʿִǷ׷׾ķڽϷգ㵣ɻ۷׷ס
ô£Īĸ𵤶֧ԮƿѪ󣿡
⴦żıﶼһ֪ôԪӤŷ
ôʿһͬʲôʰ
ǿܻǿн⴦ϹַǸȥĴʱλ֣׼

ʦ𣬾ˣ
ʿǰԪӤͻȻͣҲͣ£һĵ
ŵģʮ𵤺ʿҲһԵͣ£ĬĬȴľ
˵ǴűϹսżǴ˵أߣⲻ֣ǲ٣ֻ棬ʿ١
ԪӤ棬ɨ͵ϵһ
ʿһߣɾ亹ð˳Ҳ֪һߣ⣬ǲ⡣
˵ؾ뼫Զһ·ɱתһʹҪ⴦Ϲַ⣬³Բ˶ߡ
ͷһʿæ͵ʦϢŭѪɫ֮żܼʿǴҲǽڹޡȻһȺ𵤹ޣ˵Ҳϡƽѡ
ԣȴǸţ͵żּɵʿмѣսȴͨʿҪ౶Ҫһڴ˵ԪӤڹޣǿɾͲöԸˣ
ڹޣҪɹٳΪԪӤޣ̸ףһȽʿɽٳΪԪӤʿϲ֪ٱĻˣԪӤڹޣ
ʿæ
Ĭƺԥʲô
ʿѾЩ⶯æֵʦ룬ַеĹʿҪԪӤ棬ֱ籮ǿռ˴˵أ˭ðŨȴ±ʿ֪϶һЩ𵤹ޣۼڴ˵أ´ֹʿȥѰ
ʦԪӤڵʵִ𵤺ʿۼһȺ𵤹ޣҲֻбķݣ
˵꣬ʿɨʮ𵤺ʿɫΪư
ȻֻнΪǱʼߣĺΪ״ӡ
ʹЩĽ𵤺аޣҲÿɫ¡
ν绽ꡣ˼λ֮⣬λƵϼߣȻưıǮ
ô
һʿ˵һȷʵ
ڶɽ磬ʿΪ
ֻʿ٣Ԫϣδܶᣬ֪޹޿κ֮£ŻռáʬǣȳΪʿ
ʿϴʬӰʿԺΪͳɽɡ
˵ʿһΪʿսȴüǿǵǣΪǿޱȣͨ˺
ʿնֽˣսΪҪ˺˵ȴˣ̫⣬ֻҪº޲С
ȻʿҲ㡣
ʿΪͳɽݣҲΪݣգסͽ׹һգΪ᲻ϴ߽׹ףһ׺ǣΪ촷ۣԪҲ޷ѡ
ʿֻڻ֮أһ˵أܿպף
ԣɽܼĹʿǳĺ
𵤹ޣ
ԪӤޣǺ
ͬ׽٣ʿ˵Զͨʿ٣Ҫʮֹҹʿһס׽٣㳹׻ҷ֮䲻κκۼ
ؼƺڣɵʿתһƬսǿĹޣưɽˡ
棬Ҳ̫Ϊ˵ػԪӤڹʿ
ʿĬȻƺĶ
һϲ˵ͽ֪⴦ϹַϢǴӹŴݵ㣬һλ鱨ʿؽ򵽵ġ˴Ϲַµģ֮ǰδһӦò鱨ҡ
üëһƺã鱨Ū鱨ģɱˣ
ʱͽڹŴݵ㣬Ҷ֣
ߣӣŴݵٶϢңʿ⴦Ϲżʲôôռ
治ãʿͷ֮һæͷǡ
ϲŭ޳ʹߵ״ӣҲϰߡ


487 峡
ʿȻ壬ȴҶ룬æشͽʱ֪Ϣϲ쳣һֻŴæϻȥʦ¡ûüôڣڸϢ
ʦģʱͽؽϢ˵ڶҡҲֻ֤ҡӦûسŵ
꣬ɫԺת˵ͷţȻûڣҲˡպο㣬ٳӣ
ǣʦ𣡡
һ赭дĿޣʿаϲ֪εĹܲˡ
˵鱨˵żǰսһҪоӪأںʿĽսĽڡԪӤʿ֪ж٣ķƬϹűҲ
ֻǣ˵֪ģһȺӴѪĳѨһֱûʿ̽ķꡣڿ˵ڵѪѾʧַ˹ʿϳֻҪ˵صĹʿܵõ˵صű
ʦһͷŽ׻ÿʳ˵صʬͻԪӤΪԪӤĻ
ʿԽ˵Խ˴ϹżڵϹűһ򾡣ʵضܴΪѪɫ֮ǰʮаưһʦҲһٳΪǿ档
⻰
ĿĶ·Ѫľ͵죬һǿҵİռѹԵڹʿĵǡ
⴦ϹżڵıʵΪðһðգҲֵˡ
¶˾ģðղһء
ţָָ͵죬Цż
ĿЦһԪӤʿѹԶԶĴ˿ΧѰʿ˫ֱ죬ɫȻ
ЦȻ¶һ˫˫Ŀ
ʿʱ˺벽ٶ˵仰֪⸱飬Ҫɱ˵ס
峡ЩѰʿ̫ˣͳͳɱˣƻ
Ŀɨ͵ΧڶྪɲѰʿһĶʮʿϵĲƻ˭˭ȥ
ȴþ͵ǧﷶΧڣÿһѰʿ
棬
ֵǣɱ
滰䣬ʮ𵤺ڵʿϲһȺӣʮâѰʿɱ˹ȥ

аޣ
汨֮ǰۼżΧѰʿûʲôϳȺʿ
һ汨ʱЩа޵Ѱʿ󺧡
ãаޣ
ӣ
ǹŴݵһݵＫԶ
а޵ŻǾۼһȺ׺аɵλ棬ԪӤʿ˵Ľа޸ˣ֮ޡ
Ѫɫ֮а֮УʵȻŲǰʮҲʮ֮ǰˡ
аޣһᣬ޼ɵɱ˶ᱦɡ
а޵ݵʿжš
ۼڵΧ׼żѰڽʿû뵽ȻŴݵϹַȻһȺ𵤺аޡ
𺧵ǣȻ˵ֱ¶Դ˵صѰʿһɱ
Ҫڶɽ磬ǺţɽĴ¡
ǣڻޱȵѪɫ֮ɱһȺʿȴδ֪
ΧڽʿҪаޣҪԴ˵峡Ѱʿͳͳɱ⣬󺧣׷״ӾɹоѹΪʮâƴɢ
͵츽ĿǰۼѰʿʮСʿ֮ࡣ
ʵҪһȺĽ𵤺а޲ࡣ
ǣԷһԪӤ
кںԪӤڣʵ֮𣬼ʹЩʿȫҲδܶ㹻в
治֣ЩСΪѰʿҲ˼ѹЩĽа޶ȾҪһء
ߡ
ѰʿȻ֮£Ԧҵĳ롣˿Ҳ˲ʲôѰˣȱסҪ
аޣôߵĻᡣ
ӣ׷
ʮ£𵤺ڵаޣЦ׷ɱƴѰʿ
ɱ
һֻ֧мڵѰ飬ڵа׷ϣɫ䣬æֵ
ǣЩаޣһɫ𵤺Ϊʵ쳣ǿᡣֻüֿ£㱻ʮɳࡢɫâһնɱ
ʵϣֻһСѰʿʱԶһѰʿа޸׷ϣסڰжɱ
һЩʵǿѰʿ𵤰ˡŽ׵ģıʿΧˣ׷׾һ𣬽ƣа޵ֿͼȥ
һʱ䣬͵գϸɫâɽХȣ˺ѷεáҳһƬ
Ѱʿаޣϰʿ׷𣬼Ԧ֡
ߣӱƤߣЦ
ոߴ温սһЩһЩѰʿȻԶ¶ĹЦ
ȥ
ֻһţһɷâС
Сӭǣ˲ϢΪɾ޽գ񱩵ķϢӽΧʮɵɫɷɷγɹɹɷĲˡ
ΧʮգһɲǼ䣬ɽŵɫâӳɲɫнʿķâԵȻʧɫ
ѾԪСͨ
Ʒ׵ķԪӤУܷӳֲ
棬ֿطɽһӡ
СͨľϵɽΪһǧ̺âޱȵƿ߿շ
ͣ
âƺ˲նգʮ֮⣬ǼƴѰʿ
ã
⼸ԶѰʿΪԼѶң㷢һɷ˺׷ͷһʱ
ԪӤԳ֣֮ٶ֮죬ձɫȽʿпϲ֪ٱȴӵ˵ġ
λѣס
ͷһѰʿסһͬļˣȫֿһ
ã磬ֵܼƴˣ
ಣ
ɫɽѾ׷ϣһǽɱȥ
ǼѰʿҲľնɱ׳ʮɫΪʮɷӵ£ȫǱɫ޽ȥ
䣡
ƷԲһЩĶ׷һ̺âֻһ䣬ʱ飬ΪƬ
ԪȻûеѣȴҲƵĹâꡱѳһƣâϵѹǡ

ǼѰʿкŭͫѪ˿ȴ֧ŸãԪҲű飬ҽ㱻ɫâûͻһͬΪ촷ۡ
ߣ
ЦһٽǼӵԶĽʿն촷ۣһգǱɫ޽ٷɻأһ߳Сࡣ
βĿƴֿѰʿһȺһ㡣
սϣа̼ܵ˷ܵĴС
ڼսеѰʿԪӤԳ֣ң׶ҡߵġ


488 ս
Ѱʿ֮С
һԪӤջĸʿܹעѣ
Ҫ֪͵ΧһƬãã󺣣ûκ֮ں׷ܴԪӤӶԶ
ɢսҲ֮תֱ¡
תۼ䣬мʵѰʿаնɱսѰʿԽԽ
˵ֵסһа޹ķһڻҵսϼӴܣĿɨܷâսɫΪѿ
ȥЩа޵Ķ֣ӶӲ
ƬǰѰʿ飬ţһȥ̽⴦ϹżȺаͻһֲ
ɱ˶ᱦʱ˲Żعϣ뿪ѰʿЪϢĽңٵĸϻԼĶ顣
Ȼ˸ղҪһȥ̽żһѰʿʵҲа޶ĽʿʵĻᱻӣڻҡ
ʿ飬жʮʿⳡУƴһ̡
ǻʿ飬ΣͷҲ̳ȺӳǱ߸ȥ
Ͼʿʵߣڶ࣬ͳǿܱһɢɳĺа޶ҪһЩա
ֻʿ˲δȥڵΧսζ
Ҷءʸ򸾣н顢֣ɻԶˣûиȥǴߡ
һʿѸٻϺɳѰʿʵǿӴһ֧飬ڶаǰΧ
ڽʿƴһһʱ֮䣬ЩаҲִٹǲ¡
һаޣڼѰʿķϻ֮£÷ɽնΡ
ҲֻǻعⷵնѣŲ˶á
˶Դ֪֪ԷһԪӤڣǺ޻˵ϣǷλѣȻӲˣ͸ЩаƴˣҪǵҲҪۣ
˵⣬˷ŭ𣬷ᵽޣХԲҵȾһ𣬺ƴˣҪҲҪ汳ģ
λѣҼ̲´λһ֮סĽ죡
˵꣬ȻԼԪ족ĳķΧǧɷΧٲһ
һչƹⱬ䣬̻Ƴһʯڵеʿڡ
ϵ󷨣й֮Ч
˴أȴֻаޣӰ쵽Ѱʿ
Щڵһʮаޣʱоͣƺ˳ǧףԿٷƶ󽵣ҪȴڵѰʿһ֡
ʿ֮䶷գ۱ɥʧһٶȵĲǷǳԵģǳΪѰʿٿصķĻӡ
а޵ֵסٶȱķնɱһѪ
ڵʿȻ׷׳䣬ͼӰ췶Χ
да޼״󾪣˶֣ȥҪն죬Ԯڵаޡ
ǣѰʿ⣬׷׳죬סĽ죬ڹ뷨аչɱ
ֻɱѰʿ飬ͻȻתϲ׷׻⣬ٶȳ˵ڵķȥס졣
ֻ죬֧ŸһЩ
ն棬ⷬٶѰʿ£Ĵ㣬ȴһЦȻûгǾۼһ
۾͵죬ʮּɵΧĹ
졭һȺϣסһС뵺ȥһ

ΧСϣȻʿɱʱҺǺЩаޣ̫Ҵܣע⣬̶ֻֻܲΧˮ
ǱصȻΣЩаǷ
ǸΪḻʶɨԲķΧ̾˷ǵټ
аޣ磬߰
ãˣӣ
Ȼ״ɫһ䣬͵𣬺ʿҪܡ
һ˿ңںˮױܹһ٣ЩаޣǷܰҶжһˡû뵽һôͱ֣вɰпࡣ
Щ˹ĽھŽ׵аޣһգ۾ͽסܵȥ·¸¹Цڵ֣ȻҲߣ
ɱǣӻ鷳
Ȼ֪ҲĺܣҸǼаӲƴæתسʿƴ죬һڵĵطȥӵǱȥܻĸһ㡣
Ǽаûȥ׷ȻˣǼЦ
ɣ
ǻʲôأ
Ϊӹһ𣿡

ܴʿʿʿӰӺ׳˳ƵǱֳΣ
ˣԪӤǰҴߣǰǱһɱļѰʿǻӡ
Ż֮ʣæ뺣ףȻΪڻͼˮ㣬ӺˮݶȥǱЩĿϬа޸ˡ
棡ҵ˶ǹŴݵаޣһĽԸͶΪЧ
ܴʿɴҲˣæԶġ
ǼаޣҪ֣Գаޣģһ׷棬뿴ҪҪǡ
Ƴһۣһм˵ߣģ̰ķкãɱˣ
Ǽаޣٿطܴʿɱȥ

ҵսһࡣ
Ҷǰסȥ·һʿɫ쳣ѿ΢΢鴤һ£ȫ䱸סʸˡ
ɱʱҶرɫ䣬һϣ̵ͬĻʸԦϻΪһڹ⣬Ҫٶȣ͵죬ϹżѰĴ㡣
ǣǾһ֮ɱӵԶļʿҶ̷˴ܵĴ㣬ת˻ȥ˵˻ϣ㡣
ҪǼԶضΪжΪһһɱĿꡣ
Ͼӵٿ죬Ҳûķɽ졣
Ҷȴû뵽һֱʿȻֱҽסȥ·
顢֣ɻԶɫ԰ףҶ໥һۣŸԵķ
ǶˣˡʿȽ𵤺ʿŲҶأԲһֱҶأΣգ
οͬʿѾͬʱǱ߸ȥ
ʿףʿʿˣҲͻȻӶȥ
ҲֻиҶأⱻơ
λʿˣԼ
顢֣ɻԶľ಻ԣоǰʮֲ


489 ݹǽ
Ҷͬ벻ԭ
λʿʸվа֮еλȻǼߣ档
ΪʲôڳʮѰʿ˭׷ƫƫ׷⼸Ϊϵͣ۵Ľʿ
ʿһסҶصȥ·
ĿûпҶصˣȴҶԦϣĿһϲ쳣
аҲϵʿҡ
ϣзȴǺϧûаԪһٶȡ
ʿϣƳҶһۡ
ҶزΪûҶط񣬳мһˡ
ҪҶµĿ⣬ÿһۡ
ȻʿҲǽʿʲôݣ
Ψһ״ӣܺʮ𵤺ʿ츳ߣպؽΪ߲֮һһʿܱȵģ
ϣϵзϷз֮Уٶ죬ҲƵһ֡ȷϵзй֮޲ļƷϵطԪԪСͨĻ۵糸˲ϢԪӤҲδ׷ϡ
ʿԾʤȯգŶ֣Ҷص˺ٺЦǿϧ
ҶһԲɫȴࡣ
ϣʥʵΪʱʹùķзòˣʥһֱֽУֵɼһߡ
ʥŪϣһֱͨСٶȣҲҪԪɽһЩ
Ҷز֪νϵط֪νƳԪ
Ҷزûлʿⷬ١
ϵطԽԪҶز֪ѡ
ʥ϶ϵط
ֻʱҶغʥʵĹϵͬˮʥʰֺзǲôط
֮ǰؾʷȡʮһƷӵİʥһӶʥʴӵصʥյĶԹڣʥʵĽµĶԹҲⲻˡ
ҲֱڣҶز֪ԪսΪСͨǿ
ϧھ֪ҲûãӹһٲС
Ҷ˫üаһɫСĿʿʲô
ϧƷ̫һЩ˵лѡ
ҶӻʿЦһΪļ˵ϣֱǷӲ˶áռȻϣҲؼյʱ򣬻ͷʦһΪԪȴһСӣ
ʿжϴֶͣҶ̣ϣԵüΪ
ȵʿ˵󣬻һ䣬Ŀһ׺ݵâַɳһɫâҶء
Ҷн䱸һӣһâ˳ȥ
âռս
Ҷʹǽҫ⽣âɣˡ
ǵɫâȻһŹֵķɽʿȥأͬһڽڿݹǣٷдءƹ޵Хһŵ
һŵһƽҫ⽣ҫ⽣Ľâһ°Ȼѹס
ڽҫ⽣ĽâͬΪԵǿų⿪ɫڱɫմȾϡ
ʲôɽ
ҶɫһǱɫɽϴǳϤʬƺһ𣬲ɳһ
䱦λʮߵĿݹƳľϵɽܹƾ󲿷ֵķ𽣣ԪȴҲδݹǽĶ֡
Ц
ҶĽ飬ȴ˵ݹ񣬲һǿݹɵķɽֹ񣬳ںǱҰʬϣ֮أʬɳɢϣͬʱľʬѰʿĻԵֿһմȾһʱھͻᱻɿݹǡʹһЩǿĸ߽ޣҲ׽ݹС֪ݹĶԿֲֵز
Ҷضʱһݡ
ԭˡ
ʬܹۻеķ·Ʒױѹһѹ˽ҫ⽣
һʹаĶ֣ûпƣֻܱİͨķɽаӴ
ȻϵеķɽмּʶұҪƣɲǹ򵥿ƷжɽֻǶ׷ҲܿסǵԪ
Ц˵Ŀš
ҶĽΪʿ֪ɱ١ݹǽԸʵ࣬߸ģûп֮Ķֱ֣һ浹ɱ
˵꣬һ䴢ٶȼһɫâ׿ݹǽһɱҶء
Ҷ΢΢һɿһöʬ鵤Ȼſڣ³һϵɽޱ飬ֵסݹǽĲƹ
𽣣棬ΪѻŻɵĳ򣬳ǵɫâȥ
Щѻһɫ̻Ϊ̣ʧͬʱЩɫҲһΪ̡
ҶаЦ
һ᲻֪ʬİԵ֮
֪ʬ㡣
ʬȻԵֻҪøˣ÷մȾϣҲûд󰭡
ҶǧɷΧ֮䣬ȫѻǡ
ݹǽɫѻѸٿס
ݹǽҶصĽҫ⽣Ԫס޷ٽ粽
Ҷ֪һҪɱȴ˼ɣֻزûȫֶԸΪɵǲĹע
Ҷаջɱ
֪
ǻܣɱ״ӣضŭԼĶ֣һŭǼֱ
Ҷֻܲȡƣʱ䣬ȴת
սڣΨһת˲µ󣬾ۼʮʿ֪һܲܽ󣬻һȺаޣӶעȫȥԳֹ
Ҳÿ׼ΨһĻᣬԦ˵졣ϾûͷۣһʱҲɱеѰʿŻӵ
תûг֣ôΨһ취Ǵ͵ڣϹսż֮еĹԻ󣬺桢а
Ҷض⴦Ϲżһ֪еĶ˽⣬ʿżĿ
û˸˵ԼһܴԻ֮л
µѡҶزðա
Ҷһߺսһ߰ŶԲߡ
ȻлϵԪɽ


490 һնɱ
һʼſǺܿͲż
ݹǽڶȴһĶ׷ʮҲֻѡ
Ҵ˽Ȼ쳣ǲƳԪΪֲʴʬԪ뵤ڣʿɼ˺
ݹǽƷҪȽҫ⽣𽣣һΡһսݹǽܵˣɷƷ
ƫƫһʱỹòҶء
ǻŸʲôϣ
ЩˣͻȻŭ
Զ𱣻ȫĽ𵤺аޣŭȣæٿط
ȴޱȡ
ǰÿһθʿҫǲ֡ս²ȴվһԹۡ
Χ޳ܣ
ʸͲס߳һ׳Ǻ⽣𽣣㳯аһӭȥ
֣ɻԶˣһۣз࣬ȴòҧٿظԷŻʸȥа޽ս
ҶҪмܲסǶͬ·һûнҿԡƴһϣ
ʸ顢֣ɻˣͷסһаޣ˫ɱһ顣
ǣа޵Ķ֡
а޶ǽ𵤺ھŽ׵ʿʵǿᣬֶ׺ݣű氲Ÿ
һӴʸ̸еѹɽٿزס
սͬ׽ʿȲ·磬Ƕһ𵤺ʿȴԵüǿ
һ֣ȻҶСа޵Χ֮Уȴ뼫Σ
֧Ų˰ʱ䣬ҪҰ䡣
ߣǼʿȻҲʿ⣬Ц
תͷһʿȫѹŶԷʿսȫߣвɴ󶨣һЦ
ֻҪɵԷʿôǰСӱΧɱҲֻ·һ

Ҷذһȣֺ˪ɱ
ֻزŸʱ䣬ȴǱߵת֡
ȴĻҲɱ˹
˾٣ʱ⻵Ҷص̡
ǱΣȥ״ӣҲҪɱȹһ˵
˭أͷҿڴԣ
һҶȣʱȻŭ߶ݹǽڰмתһŵɫǿд˷Ҷɱ˹ȥ
ҶҲ룬ſɽ˿񳾽һˮɽԭȵĽҫ⽣𽣣Χһн
ף󣿡зɽɵĽ󣿡
һ
֪ϽҲ֪Ͻ˵еĴн
ҶԪɽľˮ̫ˡȻȫȻнˡ
Ѫɫ֮ôãǵһͬʱٿֽȻͬԪʿ
ȻǸϵķϲģԪɽԸңҲãôȤȻԪڶ࣬Ǿһ͸Ұɣ
Ȼһȴܿ޼ɵĴЦ
ôҲû뵽ԼĶ֣ȻһϵɷϲġϵĽʿôȵľϵɫޱȵĽʿ
Ƭ̣ɵ֣һɱɱҶزǷ֮顣
ɱ㣬òŴн󣡡
Ҷһȣһ
ɽ֮УһâɫɽȻʧϢȫޣƺؼʧһ㡣
ʲô
΢΢һ㶣ʮֲ⡣
һɱܵΣУæٻݹǽԼԣʶɢŵΧɷΧա
ͻȻһϸ΢Ŀռ䲨֮
ã
ϸ΢Ĳռ䣬Ȼ䱬ը
һ͸ɢŵĹˮϵɽЯ޿ƥеϢһմ˺ֽƬһ˺ɫи߽˿׷

һ˲䣬оâ뱳ëɲʱ͸־嵽˼㡣
ǣҲܿһ͵Ϯ
ͣ
һƬѪ
Ȼһ༲ȴе磬ǱֲɽĽâȥһ󳹹ǵľʹȻ֣Լİ뿪
һʦҪ
һöâӲԪ񣬾УƴҪӱͷ­üļ䣬
Ȼɴնɱ
Ҷɫһӡ
һˮһʣͬԪһ𱬳һѪԪΪƬѪ֮С
ҶغߣͻͻȻ
ˣ
ڼսаޣһеĹƲɻ˼֣תͷȥһͣš
ȴǿ־塣
Ψһ״ӣֵ滶ģǼһΪ滨˴Ѫ⻹ǲ𵤺ʿΪ
ȻԷնɱ
ˣҪʢŭ£
ʵû뵽ȫ洦Ϸľƣ𵤺ںһڣڣһߵʵһת۱̣ͱԷʿ˲ɱԪûߡ
֮£аҲ˲ٸʸ˶׷׳Ǳ߿ȥ
Զգ˲Ӧ״ӳֱʣɭĿ⣬ȻҶ߿˹
һ֮£״ӣȻ򱬳һѪдžͫȻһʱɫ䣬ŭӿ֣˼㡣
ҡ
һŭ˼ľ챩ȣͬ㣬һȺѰʿа޵Ķը죬ֱǵĶ˷ѲٽʿѪڣԿԼڵķ
ԪӤΪѹ֣ﷶΧڵ顣
սϵѰʿɣһıȾסֹͣ麧Ȼ棬֪Ϊʲôŭ
۹ͣͣԵâСһһǵХ
һâСͨգۼͱǳɵɫâҶط򣬿ļ޷ĿⲶ׽˺ѵصƣضΪ֮ɫֱʮҶضȥ
ߣһϣ󣡡
Ҷɫ󺧣Ȼʸ󺰡
н󣬽󣡡
Ҷ˵࣬˫缲磬ϽȻĳ
ȫޱк
Ԫɽ˲䱩Ϊʮɵľ޽ͬɫ⣬ââ棬âɫ⻪ӳ໥һսһ޴Ĵн󣬳ǵɫӭȥ
ɱ֮ǰҶر֪˾ٱضŭ
֮ĻԪɽΪ˶ԸȴΪǿķֶΣʢŭһ


491 ʵ
ٿСͨɫɽҶطʢŭһֲ֮սϵĽʿѰʿаޣΪ֮ɫ䡣
漴ǿҶشԪͼӲʢŭһ
ǣԪӤںͽʿʵ֮Ĳж󣡣
ϵÿһѰʿʿжԴһһɽʸԽɹưһĶʿһɽ洦ɼвʿûȡʿսԪӤʿǾ
ҶȻҲΪϵȻ֮
ӵеսͬʿ֣һٻܽ𵤺ʿͬʱʿΧʱҲԱ֮
ʹԪӤΪʢŭ֮£ʵҲԲָ̫࣬ܺ濹⡣
Ҷ֪֮ҲûָԼĴнܹ濹⡣
׳ԪȫԼ֮һķк彣սһǿĴн㾡ȫֵ
ⷬƴΨһͼϣܵסһӶԼȡʱ䣬׷ɱ
ɱ̽ⷬƴһäĿԼȥ
ǽļ֮¡
Ҷ֮ǰɽնɱԶݶӵĽʿ龰ǱСͨ̽˴µƶϡ
̽ɱǼͼԶܵĽʿʱǱ̽һ׷ɽڼ֮䣬סн׵ԪɽȻһնɱǼͼĽʿ
ɫɽɷâ΢˼֣ջء
Ҷ֮࣬Ҽʱмתһս̽ͷųɿһơ
ԼнԪɽȥӲɫɽԼܺȥ̽һҵԪѳԪƬ
ԼнԪͬ޵еġн󡯣ܺȥ̽ġҵԪָ֮ѳڶƣ⵽شָ֮䣬ױݻ٣ѳԪƬ
Ԫ֧Ųס֮ǰ׳Сͨ׹žڵһԪΪۣɫɽ
н󡯡׹žʹܺȥ̽ųҵôԼ׳Ž߽׵Ǻȥɫɽһ
һ̽ľ޷
Ҳ˵ƾԼĿǰӵеʵ޴ۣȫܹ̽һ
ֻҪסһɫɽľ治ò̽ջأע뷨ٶȴСͨ̽ɱԼ
Ҫʱ䡣
ڶɱ֮ǰȡ̶̵ļʱ䣬Ѿ㹻Լá
Լķֻ
һķǾԼԶ˲µѾۼʮСѰʿڽ󣬺аƴɱԪӤ棬ҪɱһȺ۳ŵĽСʿҲô׵顭СʱڣڰСʱ֮󣬻ǽ󣬻ת֮֡һһ̣ϧ·
һķȴǲ˵ȻϣֱԼֻԶϹżĪĹ֮У㿪׷ɱ͵죬򳬹ΪӴȻԪӤ棬ҲҳһʿϹżڱޱȣ²Ҫ涯֣ԼҲɥȫǶҲ˵ˣƵǣȴٳٲ׽ԭ򡣡
⣬κӣ·һ޽ҿԡʵѾ֤ȫƬޱȵĺ׷Ҫɱκһʿ
ں涷ͷҶش˿̲ٿشн󣬷쳣侲ӵ㣬Ժз֯Ƿ©
㣬նɱ±ŭ棬Σȴһڵɥ
ŭǵɷޱȵɫâٶ̫̫죬֮ʮﳤգҶء
ɫâȻԳɵĽХҶصͷն¡

ҶԴС
ѾƴĴн⻪Ȼ䣬ͬʱɫȥ
䡪
ɷâһ˲ݺݵֱڴнϡ
һޱȵɷн
ҫĿɫâԼŸɫ貹⻪ʱձΪ֮һ䣬ռҵ𵴣಻ı죬һĹˣΧǧպͺ
ҶԪǺļƷɣ쳣ǿᡣ
ںǵâսһɲǼ䣬нԪɽĽս⻪ֽȻͬ
Ҷȫٿشн󣬶ʱоһԪӤʿӵеǿޱ͸н󣬺ؿڣĸ߽׷ȫá
Ҷض̽Ȼ㣬ȴû뵽һ˾޴Դнȫֵֻȥ̽ҵҲס
н󼴽߽⣬Сͨ̽һֱ͸н󣬺
ƺһҶһѪ
ˣ͹汩ŭ֮£̽н󡯡׹žŽ߽Ҳδܵסһ
Ҷؾ֮£Ԫ֮ǰ˲ջأŴн̽ľ޴һţ·ĺȥ
̽ʹнӲӲһǿϷδܼʱ׷ϣ·ٷɶݵҶء
Բߣ취ѡ
ˮ
Ҷض뺣ס
ڴͬʱе̽˴н󣬹âҲѸ
˷ӵĻʸ顢֣ɻԵˣɾȻͷ

̽뺣еҶأʸʹʧ
ߣԱ֮
Ҷڶ뺣Уһ쳣
ʸ촽ҧѪڴ˵طǵ޷֧ԮҶأҶطģȫԸԵСһţԦ±ȥ磬һȺѰʿķȥ
顢֣ɻˣһ׹·ҶأӾֵĳǱ߷ȥҲָֻ˵ܷһˡ
аޣʱҲӾлع໥һۣٿطɱ򺣵ף׷ɱ˵Ҷأ
ǣԳΪ״ӱݵǼආв֡

аͷոԶԶһɭޱȵŭȡ
ǲɻһ˿ҶģæҶأתڼӵĻʸ֣׷˹ȥȻҪֻɱҶأǾȥ׷ɱˣҲ㹦͡
ʱɫɽһתֱ֮бȥ
һʿˮ֮ٸԪӤʶ̽鷶Χѡ


492 
н󣿡ϲĻӦþϽɹ˵ͬʿ޵еĽ벻⽣ѹС
߰˰꣬۵ļʶޱȣԼ˴˵жϽн
ܣҲûĴнȴ˵
ĴнΪ츳̡̫̫ѣѾǧûڶɽֹ
Ҳû뵽վȻܻ͵һнĽʿҴӻ֣һٻɱΨһ״ӡ
нΣҪн𵤾Ž۷Ϊ⽣󣬻˵лӹһϧס
治ŭЦĿâɱҵӣҪͽᣡ
ңңһӣʶٿǱСͨɷȻ棬ԾƣǧɷΧ
䣡
һƬκˣˮſˮƴӴܵҶأ¶˳
͵Χĺףڶ࣬ˮǳ

󷨣
Ҷؼ׹򺣵׵ͬʱһȣ˫ּ磬ɿдһķнɷӲȡһգ۱ʱ䣬޽һ淨
ᷨ
Ҷز԰׵ϣһĨϲɫĴнȻûԤУ̽ȴȡʩչ󷨵ʱ䡣
һȣʱһҫĿĹâҶصȫӡ˽ȥ
âȥ
ɫӰںס
ɷĽξˣҶ޷Ρ
ӰڴͬʱȴȻ໥һģԼͬķɶݶȥ
ԶڳҶ߹ѰʿаޣۼҶʩչн涷Ȼûеɥ΢΢һ㵡
ʱڽʿּҶء֣ɴ㵡
ӰǡҶء
˱ܹѪĻӡ֮⡣ڳڽʿһֱܷҶءα
Ҷءһ֣Ȼͬķ
һҶء͵ڵĹ󡣶һҶءȴǳ⣬˲µ

ĿоһЦߣϷݺᶫɽ꣬ʲôûСΪӹһ٣
ǻ
󲿷ֻֻŪһƵӰѣû̺ûзûʲôֻܺŪһµͽʿ
֣ܳһʿʩչ󷨣ûһǿĻ
ʶɲǼɨҶأȴüͷ
ȻûֱܷҶءαʶ֮̽£Ȼ֣Ҷء̺һʿԼ֮һķ
Ӱ̺ķȻҲһʲôȻûҲӵǿķӰһһȴ֪һģ
ȻͬݵġҶءĿһ
֪ǣҶ󷨣ʵһܹͬʱÿһҪȥҶ֮һķͬʱҲӵҶ֮һʵ
Ҷֻͨ󷨻ûһ
һڷȫľָĻ롣һʿҲڴʱҪ
ҶزϧԴнֿ̽Ѿȥ֮һ
ʩչ󷨣ûһֺȥ֮ķ
Ҷصֻʣ֮һķãѾ˼ΣյıԵܹʩչֶμޡһľֻд׵ķݣԦ
ʶһɨ̽鵽һġҶءͷϹַڵĹԼǱߵ
һСӵ
һ˲䣬ĿȥҲɵĳˡ
֮ǰ̫СӣΪһԻɱʿû뵽ȴСӴԵѡ
СӾ̫Сͨɷֻü׷ɱһӰ
Ͼʿķٶͬ쳣ˣ֮䣬ӳԶ󣬻ڡ
̽նɱһӰһӰؽڡӰһܳɹѡ
Сӣֶβ٣ĻѰʿɱȡȻֵֶΣɱαжϡ
Ŀɭŭ⡣
ƭϷȴ룡
СԶȻԶ
Զ˵ۼһȺѰʿҲǿֵʿһӶѣסķɽͼֿȴǱذɡ
һƣСӳ绹Ҫ󡣡
Բ֮ڣΨһϹżĹ֮ڡСĻ֪ڣض뾡һа취󣡡
ӵ߳ɵĿܣֱɵĿܣ󣬼ȥ
һ˲䣬תҶصͼжϵļ
ȻˣնɱġӰնɱġӰСֶͨΣܴӱѣ
˲˾ϡ
ʯ֮䣬Ҳ޷ǸáӰ͹ڣɹ׷ɱˮһա
Сӻӽ󣬱⽫ɱ򣬴ȥ棬ɱһʿʲôѪɫ֮ͼһʿ
ĿһСͨɷٳġҶء˹ȥ
ͬʱ棬תͷֿһӰһߣߣһٵķҲ󡣡
ȥ
Уһ޴׳
һīСߴ޴˳ȥһһںǣһڵۼףɢŨҵȳ˫Ŀﷺɭɭ̹⣬һԶŨīɫҺ
Ž׽𵤺ڵĻһ˾ʮɣŹġҶء׷˹ȥ
һգۼ䣬ɷ׷ġҶءȻ߳âɷâ㣬Ҷءȥ
ɫɷâ׷ϹġҶء͸Ҷءһ˲ͱɷ顣
ɫһϲ漴תͷǱߵġҶءȥڵɫȴһѿ˼㡣
Ž׻ڳġҶء׷ȥ
ġ
ղɱʧȥʶƣػƾɢ
ǸҶزδʧʵѾˣղɱҶصһ
ɶģǼٵġӰСӵ
һȫһȴִڿϣ˿Ѫĸо


493 
УҶػΪһâɶ˵һȺѰʿµͬʱоһŨҵʬ죬ɿٳƳһۡ
Ҷػͷһһϲһҡ
棬ٿǱֲСͨɷȥ׷ɱȴһŽ׻׷ɱԼѵĺûᣡ
Ҷһ˲䣬׹ΪԼ󷨡һΪһþһжʧɷ׷ɱ˶
ŭ֮ȴδжϳһ
ȻˣҶ֪ͬٿСͨɷȥ׷ɱһ
Ҳ˵ǱֲɷϣδϵĻᣬռɡ
һɷϣԼʹۣ׳׹žһΪ׹ͬʱŽ߽׸ܴɷ
δɷϣǽԼԼȥӲֲɷöٴۣѡ
һþȥһֵ̫ˣ
ҶһƵĿϲ
ʵһʼǴ㡮ֱӳڵġԡþһ֮Уͼȥһ
ҶʮԼɱں˲ݵĴ𣬱Ȼ⵽׷ɱϹżĹУܹΨһڡ
⣬Ѫɫ֮κη򣬶·һ˵Ҳֵסʢŭ񹥣Ҫ군
Ҷɡ󷨡ʩ֮һȴı⡣
ͻȻ뵽˱
͵ڣϹżޱȡʿʱ
Լ㹻ģϹַĹ󡣼ȻӡȽ𵤺ʿܹŽϹַʵͬлŽϹַ
ǣվûйһˣֱӴĪϹַ
ԼȻ壬ǱȴڡԱʵֻһ˽ϹַڣǳΣա
ûкͱ֮ǰҶزԽ⴦Ϲַ֮С
ı㣬ض׼Լһ뾡һа취ϹַԲǿɷϹżġþȴû㵽бȥɡ
𵤾Ų㻯ԵޱȵʬʴԶŽһŽܶͷŽޡһλԪӤСͨɽǾͲ̫ˣ
ͨʿ𵤾Ų㻯Ķ֡ϧңȴ㹻ֶΣԸ
߲㸯ס
ҶһۼĻڵĳԼɱȴΡȻ塣
Ҷطһ׳һ޴
һŨҵĺӴ˳ϰɷΧĺɢȥһͷҡͷԿƱ׾ĸлҧһɳĽɫͷճ֡
һ֣նۿУѪһţ޴βһڣŹĺɫʬȻ׷ɱҶصĻ׺ݵҧȥ
Ҷͣ˵һȺѰʿڵ󣬷ɶݶȥ
ͷȻֻ߽ףףڽ𵤼ûȻ֮Ĳࡣ
ʮԵǴʬԶʤͨȽϱȻѷɫһʱᣬ˿⡣
ʲô
ʮ棬ҶؾȻųһͷ߲ĸԸĽ𵤾ŲĻһڵ쳣ѿ
СӣֻнΪȴֶΰٳŲѣôշһͷ߲ĸ
š
뵱ΪԪӤʿķѪɫ֮һв𵤼ĻߣȻƳ
УɱĽʿ
ûޱȡ
ʱֽɱҶأȴˡ
ʣµĶ̶̶ľ룬ڽʿ˵һɶݶ

һȺаޣںڵһȺѰʿɱ˫ĲɿƣѰʿѹסаޣƵȫԱ
ʿսңʱԹҲϾȥֹҶس
ļٵĻʸн顢֣ɻԣֶȼˣæƿʿķӦҶء
һһҶش취дǧɷΧ
ڣˡʿܴʿڵһȺشĽʿȴû˿ϲ˱ɫ
Сɱ״ӣŭ棬ʹԳֶԸҲ˴󣬿»ŭ
ڣܴʿĿݣеϳȥСӣǻˮԿһ֣´ֲס
ǣڵѰʿʿʿȼ֮⣬ȴûиӦ
ǿɶٿСͨɷ춯صһ
Ҷڶ̶̵ļʱڣԴн󷨡߲һֶΣȻСĴۣ˼Ĵɷѣ֮С
ԽʿԪӤ׷ɱУȫˣֻЩˡʵڳľ󲿷Ѱʿ
ǽ𵤺ʿԸҲ
Ҷչ¶ʵֶΣڽʿ𾪣˼졣𺳣ɻ󣬾η壬ڡ
˶ܴʿһҶԹޱȣ޲Ҷرһնɱ
ⱻһȺа޸ΧʿϾ
ЩѰʿһʮʿŽ󡣶Կʮ𵤺аޣѾо
ղһֱûжǳ֣άס
ҶУµĵ˸˹
Ѱʿз߷ߣȴҲ޿κΡ
綼ԡ
ΪҶͷŹǡ
ҶٸͬһߣѷǵС
ܴʿĻߺޣҶϳȴӦ
˼涼壬һܴʿʿܴʿĴ´УЦ
λִĺʿȻѹɫȴͬҲûܴʿ˽ԹҶؿȥȻӵЩǱǻŲСʵսǿᡣ
ңʸԼ顢֣ɻԣֶʿǸҶһġ
˭ҪǸҶسδƣ̾ͽһѡ֣а޵ΧҪ군
λѣҪңɹǰѹأ


494 ս
Ҷس֮Уһ亹

ʸæ˹ȥ
Ҷҡҡͷʾް
ʸǴѪɵǣʱòܴʿԶд£ѰʿżҶأɷŭתͷȥղܵģҪɱУ
սţȱ
ҶؿԶܴʿһۣһâӦҪӹһҪպҵᣬʰ
Ҷ֣Σ
ֶˣɵҶصĸǰһС
ǰҶؾȹһһֱĻмҶصʮֹС
ˣҲɿ⣬һ˹ʵҶѣܲܶ
ûʲô󰭣ֻǷһЩֻҪץʱָˡ
Ҷƽ
ȻϹЩѪǣʿв˵ģǳ顣
ǺãڴҶǴһϵƣЭл˼⣬²֣һˡܴʿǱߣȥᣬڣ̻죬ʧ
ɫҶκεĲףҶص˽һ
֣ҲֹۡϹַĹΨһ·ڡʢŭ֮£ϻڣƶ󿿽
ҶȰ
δػȶԪӤҪɡ򲻵ѣ˭׽ȥЩѰʿֺο󿹺⣬ֱԻȥʵڿסٽȥɣ
ȴҡҡͷַ˻ش룬ĵȣָʿаޡ
顢֣ɻԶˣ໥һۣĿȴĴǡ
ǿ֪ҶػֶΡŽ׹žûԳʹ׷ɱѡҶشʱУʽһȫ׷ɱʧܸա
ļսȴû˶ֹͣԽļҡ
ʸ顢֣ɻԣֶʿ漴츽սţ죬ΧͼһȺʮʿ
Ҷزδһȥ
Ÿնĵһɱѣĸ棬ͻϡ
ͷɽ纱֮ĶʿĿⶼ˹ȥ
Ѱİ֮ɽƵǷǳټֻĳЩʬҰأżܼ
ֻͨܿʬףɳļΪûʬĻ޷ʵ
ĴۣԶͨ޵ս
һͷҪͬ׵ͨ߻Ҫǿࡣ
ʬͺηΪս
ϵѾʮֺͷ𵤼ڳľ󲿷ʿ¶һμ
󲿷Ѱʿʿ϶ڳϼۣ۸
棬ջɷϳŭ𣬿򼤶еͷСѾǾȰĸɵߣɵ
μ˾ʮɡ
ֻʮɳԵñ׾ӷࡣ
ͷһ˺ɷΧڣ̱һƬĺ֡ȻˣʬԶԷЧġ
ֻЧ
֫Ŀݺɫצץ򻯹ߣ뱿׾ȫϵݡ
ſҧ򸯹ʺ޳Ǿ򸯹ͼ
߼ӲڵĹڴ˿̲¶߶֮£ڹʹ𵤾Ž׵Ҳᱻ
ȻǿһСĲࡣ߲ס󣬸һı죬˻
һĹ򣬻סռϷ硣
УʱĹ˻Ӵ˺ҧƾˡ
Ҷһսȴüͷ
ֻ֫ץߣ죬ؼʱ򣬾ȻĽס
ʮ׶Եǣļһʱ򻹲ɿڣӵ
Ҷһ
øȥӭսߵʱ룬Ҳһͬ׳ȥˡ
ɿڣ
Ҷһȡ
Ȼûᡣ
Ҷһŭһǿʶ˹ȥӿ븯Ժ֮Уǿɿڡ
ûǣҶظģֻʣıܣȫҶصĲٿأ˼£ڻɿڣҧڿгʮǸ˳
׹ȥ
漴նĿУɫ׹ţȻſڣһҧסĸȻ˺һۼ׺ǡ
޴ĹѾĲסֻҪȥܽɵ
ǣһǣɭɭĿȴһȻϣоһ˿ηĶϢ
ǸģȴɢŨʬջ
ʱ¸Ǹɳ˹ȥһҧסȻ̻һ㣬ڿȥǲִ֮䣬ȴʲ¡
ȻͼǸǣʱŭҧȥ
ͷƴ
߲㣬ʵϱȻ𵤾Ų㣬СΪҲϲ٣ǳ
˻˻
ҧڿУâȫռϷ硣
޵ĺڹ⣬ƺҲҪۿǡֽУƴ˺ҧߵĺ
սϣѰʿаޣͿĴˡ
ȫͷԣ͸ôͻȻƴǸֵĺǡ
ֹⷬŹֵתһε߸ǵ֪
Ȼ
Ҷؼ״Ҳͷʹ
ǿұܣٶѹҶضĿơ
ǿǱ˺ѣҲûʲô󰭡ֶǽ𵤼£ɱԷ
ʲô
˸ȥһǣսת¡
ѿɫ
۾ǸǣЩɻ
ߣôǸǡʲôǣֵǷ᣿ĪǣǸʲô
һͻȻһʿ
ʮ֮󣬻Ϊʿ᳤һеǣȫľڡǱδǡĪǣǲɣ
ĿһԽԽãԷǳ
ӿһϲ
ɿϲһʱѹɱҶ֮ġ
ʳʮϵǣܹиļʣͻԪӤƿΪԪӤƷԽߣͻԪӤϣԽ󡣡
һǸǿ϶ʮϵǡܸΪһͨǣ
һͻԪӤʵͨԪӤҪǿѪɫ֮󣬱滹˭

ߣ


495 ʧ
ҧڿУ˸˺ҧˣǿǡ
ȫһӲڵƬʬ߹ҲͨһȥڡĶ߿ڿԿճй
ͬȫֻʣһùǼܣȥҲֻܽҧڿСҧסǵʱ޷ÿڽйġ
ǣ֪ܵǣʵҪ˸˺ҧҲҪǸȥ
ֱ˲ӣ̽һʣ߾𣬹һ£Ǹǡ
һڽ븹УԶԶȣٻȥ
˴ˣԸ͸ս̾ӻߡ
࡫
һ߰Ǹȥˣʱ׼ŭڹţϻߡ
צϣסߵ޴ſߵĸݺݵҧȥһŤͷ
˺
˺ҧһƬۼʬ
˻
߶ʱУֻƬǣӲ˺ȥһʬ⣬¶ߺǡĸڣͶ¶һ⡣
ϲһڳǵҧȥ
ߴʱŸոհǸȥҪӻȥϵ֮£ȴѾ˺ҧĸƶǣǸ˻ȥ
ǣȻӲޱȣͨҲˡȴסһڣȫ˺ѿ
ƴ˻ȥǣǱӴܡ
ɫһϲæٻ߻һգ۹򣬸˺˻ߵĸְǸ˻ȥ

治ɵɫһ䣬ڲԼԪӤʿݣȫٳͷսĵط
һСͨɷĽһһɷâ磬򸯹ͷССĽ

ҶؼǸ˻ϲ
ȴɫ䣬Ҫƿڴ治ҪԪӤ棬Ȼһͷͷ
ԪӤСͨľһ㸯ĹټӲҲͬ裬һգۼͻɷ顣

Ҷؼæʶкȫٿظ
Ҫǽ߲ĸʵҪʧ
ޱȣӻ˺ѵĸһҧһɫǣ涯ֶԸͬʱһŤͷβһڣѸٳӡ
ͷ˺ĵط󣬲һľ롣룬Ǳߣȴʮ֮Զ
ΪһʮɵŨҺХĳаͼٿطɽȥ赲Ƿɽһʬ͡ð̣⵽ʴնڸϣҲʹһ㡣
ʱСͨɷһâಡĳڻߺ͸֮ǰ˺ҧĵطɽһնһա
Уſ³һƬĺɫʬ⣬ֻһӲӵǣڷ⡣
źϣǣǡ죬ҡͷβƺ⡣
ҶؿЦá
ȻԻ߿ƶǣӲǸ
ڣѰʿ򸯹¶֮ɫǴԹ޲˽⣬Ҳ׸Уҧŵʲô
ֻвܴʿʿĿɨǣ۽ӣȴֲұ¶
ͷ߲ĸսȲٽ𵤺ʿҪ׺ðʬԼʿޣһв
ҶЦ׳޴˻ȥ
ȴָƿһ󶴣ֶǣɼʧŭĳڡ˻Уĺʬȥ
ͬʧģ档
ѾɵϿգֿɷڵҶأڵɫĿγˮ
ǺεԪӤΪ֮һƽʱֻ˾ηķݣݺѪɫ֮꣬۰һվȻôһϰСʿУܴ졣ɱ˱Ψһ״ӣȻӱӹһ
һͷ߲ĸҲܶ𵤾ŲĻ¶ǣҲ˻ȥ
ⷬ˼裬ɱҪܡ
ãܺã
ɫ
Ƭ̼侲һȲĵĻߣջ޴СߵأǶ˵ֻҪ±Ȭûʲô󰭡
Ϊܴӱѣñռ˿ˣСӻͷһţ
ϿգɭǧɷΧȻٽʿ̲ס˸
Ҷȴһƽ档˿ڴ֮ڣƾǿʱǰȫˡҪɱ󣬲ܡҪһɱܵ顣
ڵѰʿԼΧŴаޣû˸ҽĻ
Ѱʿ֪ΣͷѾ񾭣ȴŭ١
ʿ֪ŭգȥǡ
һеΪֹ
Ŀ⣬һƽҶأߣգǣǶһڿˣ
˵꣬治ѰʿӦȵķӿХŭԪӤʿӴѹƱɢ·󺣾캧ˡ
ͳͳȥɣһ
ɷӭǣ֮ޣΪһɫ磬·ݺݵ˹ȥҫĿâɲǼգǧ
ԪӤʿʵȥ֮һǿ˼µʱȥκ
죡죡ˣȫעԼķһƣ˶Ҫ군ס
ˣ˼㣬
ΣͷʮѰʿӦҲ׷ҧ죬עȥ
󣬻âɲǼš
֣
˿˫ּ
죬һһɫâڴϿգ˲һǧɷԲľϵ֣ۻ뵽˼㡣
ʮСʿͬʱ֣ȫԸ۳ϵ֣ͬСɡ
Сͨâбֱ£Ͽյɫ֣ѾɾǿѹȵĲ϶ƺʱѿ
â磬磬ֱڴϵֵ롣
ߣԪ֮⣬ҲҵСͨɽ棬ơ
Թޱȵ䡣
飡
һ춯ؾҵķײ𺳾͵Χأڸ


496 
һʱ䣬ââ󱬣ǿҵϵ֡
֮ģһֲ𵴲ֵҵķײըΧаҲȻɫӲɿ˱ܶ㿪
󣬼˽ʮСʿ֮ǰںа޶ѾѰʿʣµļ˴ڡ
ȫ죬עϵַѾǿ˼㡣
ǣ˵죬нϵԪƷʲҶصԪǿ㼯ѰʿķҲ޷ıƷʡ
Сͨɽɷεȵǿ
ɷ춯һ֮£ϷһƬɫ֣ȻʼΧĹѡ
ڵѰʿâֵͬʱÿһʿ̯⾪һؿһƣƺ⵽ǧػ
ٱ˵Ľʿ³һڿڵѪƼӾ硣
ڣˡʿܴʿȵȣһѰʿɫ׽ӣ޲Ȼ
ǿʮСڣ֮ȥһſǿ¡
ղǿҶԽΪ׷ɱѣδܶˣЩСӣλԪӤ治˶ѡ
һӴʱ򣬲źȻ֣ʵжֲǺĲ࣬жôľˡ
ȻûƣǾٽӱһ
ޱ飬Цһ
˵ţһӣľ˷â֮ٱջأһǿķĳ˻ɷһն¡
䣡
һΣԭѾѵĻ֣һ죬飬߽⡣
û˻ֵĵֵɷ赲Ϊһɫ磬漴ɱ֮УֱڵʿȺеҶضȥ
ãֱƣλѸɣ
Ҫٹˡ
ҵˣֳӣһ˲ҪͣٻϣЩаսף
ͷϵַƣڵѰʿ޲ʧɫʲô˲ˣȥԶľ͵죬Ϲż֮С
Ψһֵɷľǻ֡
һɽɱڣʿҲ޷ƾеֵֻܿԵķȥɷп⡣
ǵķ￸ס
һȺѰʿҪپһɷһȥնɱһѣ

ҽ˷
ɷǱֱҶؼ׷ɱȥģ;ϲܣײ˭ɱ˭
һɲǵĹ򣬱ѾùޱȵĽʿɥɷޱȵСͨɽ֮¡
沼죬ûʮʿķ֧ţƹ̼
˷ɿջ죬Ѿ΢𣬶ʱеһʹȴ˿ĵϹżȥ
ɱ⣬һ
ٿɷҶ׷ɱȥͬʱɭһȺȡ
һ£ΧһȺʿ̲ٿطƻĳѰʿɱ˹ȥ

ҶػΪһڹ⣬Ѱʿм䴩壬ɿ쳯͵ȥ
֪ɱԼľ֮Ѿ˲ϧۡ
ԭ棬ֻΨһͽֵܱ֪ԼֹʿļƷĿϷŹ
ҶҲû뵽Ȼ˶̵ʱ
ڣ׼߽һɲǣͺԥļԦϣԶľ͵죬Ի˹ȥ
Լ͵죬ʮ룡֮䣬ʮ룬л󡣡
ҶظоһɷĽԼֱ֪ɷɫ԰ޱȡ
ãǽڰ;ʿƴ΢ͣһ¡ת۹򣬾׷
аڶܹ࣬ǵľ
ͬʱҪܿ̽Բٸ棬ҹԼĻᡣԼʣ֮һķٵ̽һҲشޱȵĹԻУҲԱ֮ͬ·һ
ҶɲǼ䣬һ±˼תڹмٶȸǿĲ˼顣
ʱԽǻңҲԽ졣
ҶԽ侲ȡ
սϡ
󱻹ƣʮѰʿȻ͵Ĺ󣬶һʮа޵׷ɱﷶΧ֮ڣȻۼ˶߰ʮʿ漫Ϊҡ
ɷҪܼҵʿȺ֮У׷ɱסһննʿ
ҶصϣٶҪͨʿԪһߣҲζܡʿȥɷ
ҶһͷʿȺ֮Уܼ㡣
ЩŹȥѰʿʹ׷ɱаޣһ͵죬һߵֿսһš
Ӹƴˣ
ͷѰʿﻹ˿ıƽʱײõĸַȫʹ˳ֻӹһ
Щʿɻ꣬Щѹ׵ĶղŻأ࿹ûȫʩչ
ѵٲҴž·һ
ЩʿսƽʱҪǿϼ֣һа޵ƶѹȥ
ֻսԳ־ãѽѰʿȴԽǿҲ
ɱ
ӣ
һʱ䣬ǧɷΧڣɫķɽޡݺύƾˡ
ɷ׷ɱĿֻ꣬ҶһϣѰʿȴҲΪڻҡ

壬Ųסˣ
ֶˣٿ׷̵ֻʿļ϶УܣǰУпࡣ
Ƕ˵ΪڵеѰʿУڵһ
ܻڣʵǽ֮
аЩ𵤺ʿæŶԸЩʵǿѰʿǵʵۣ׷ɱɱ
ȥǵʵңҪж
Ҳ֪ΨһĻᡣҪǲϿӽȥİȥĻᶼûˡ
ٸҶأ꼰֮£ĸ졣
壬ӵҪǶ⣬ҿɾˡӣյĶһӿмɶԪŵ亹乡
ֶɡƴһҲҪһ١
ȫԦŷɽݣ٣󺰣治̰ͼ˵صı˴٣֪ٵѡ
߻˵ȴ̲סһһ֮£ŵɫֲͬԵӣǰɡ
ֻжʮ֮
ܴʿʿʿˣڲٿطɽͼ׷ɱǵа޽֣һ߷͵ȥ
ӣҪûˣ
߾ִУӣûĿӡ


497 еĴս
ܴʿ˦һа޵׷ɱɿɨһս
ǰʮɴֶ˷Լֲֻһʮ֮ǰǿС
ΣܴʿҲûȥɱֵһСʿ
ʱܴʿǰһâĿⶸȻһһŭ
ҶСӣֵܣӺв֮𡣿ϧûɹİϳȥҪȥɱ
ܴʿſڴ
ϴ󱻹ƣʿڷӴܡҲϽӰɣһӣɱǵҲס
ʿš
ˣ
ܴʿ΢һԥӼݺһҧġʿǼҲʱҶģСڹƵɱһⷶΧĹҵȥˣסǼа׷ɱȥҲΪ϶𣡡
ϴ󡭡ǰϺסǼаޣ
ʿʿ˻Ȱ裬ȴָסϴѾɱȥֻȫܴʿϺ
ܴʿɱǿңԸŹҶأɽһգһǵǰɵڹⱬȥ

ҶȻȥ棬ǲ֪ؿҶûͷۣܲ˵еĴнȥս棡
ҲղܵǼɱһʿȻҲɱϵڣҶİŭˣǵ˴ù
ļʿȻһУʿȺ֮УƴӴܡ
Ȼ˿Ǳޱȣɫ԰ף֡
֮ǰа޶УѾ˶ˡڱ湥󣬲ò
ȻˣȻǶҶغ޵߻ʿһ
ȱҪ͵ڵĹ󣬻ͷҶ鷳
ʦ֣ǸȺҪȫϼ֡Ƚ˹ԻżѰϹűֲʧ
ⲻ

죬ΪһâѰʿһ͵졣ͻȻƳܴʿ׷Ҷضȥɫʱһ䡣
֮ǰֶܴʿҶг𡣲ܴʿ֮ǰҶ뿪
׳գΣʱȻڶǴ
ҲãҪĿ⣬Ҳиӹһ١
һܿҶغͲܴʿʿӣ淨ȻһȻΪһ⣬ٴһ͵Ĺȥ
˵ļʿͬͬϡ

ܴʿ׳գȻȥɱҶءҶϽϣʵͬѰҲûɱܴʿȻ𵤾Žףû׵֡
һȴǴĺãÿעǱǣֱӳϹַȥϴεִĵط취ȡű
ʿһߣľϲ
˿̴⣬һȴҶغͲܴʿȥڻңлȫѡ
ףʿʿ˾ϵ޼䣬а޵Χ׷ɱлҲ¡
֣˴ż𵤾Žʿ뿪ʿӣҪҪȥףʿͻȻ˵춯ɷɿʵ
أ
ʿɿ쿴ȥҧгݣ˵İûڣϹżѰԴӰ;ʿһû¡Ѫ档ЩֻҪʿˣȫܱܿ
ǷļҶϷ򸾣ֶˣȻҲˡû׷ɱǽϹŹżУֵʲôô
֪ԼһֱӽϹżѰûջҲ׷ɱ
ǵģǵģ
ʿͲԸٸ˴ף֣ɱ˿˵һ϶١

ҶؼԦϣƿ磬Ѱʿܼĵطȥȫɷ׷ɱ
֮䣬ɶݳ֮Զ͵ĹԽԽ
Ҷ߰ɴԶǱɷĽâ;Ѱʿ赲ֱҶɱ
ֻҪҶһ飬ɷһ֮׷Ҷء
â֮;ķɽ׷״󱬣ЩӱܲĽʿûʣһ㣬
ֲΣЩаޣҶؾĵ·ͣ׷롣
ķɽɲϳʿѰʿ
ǣҶصٶȼ죬ȵϾ󲿷ֵĽ𵤾ŽʿٶȡЩսе˫ʿ󲿷ֱҶػ롣
Ҷɶݹ֮ܵĻᶼûУ͵ñȵֿ׷ɷ
սϵĽʿ˶࣬裬ʱзȷɷ̫ͣҪɱҶأضͬʱҪҶΧЩʿ
Щ⵽ɷѰʿаޣҶɷ׷״ȴòȫɷ꼰㡣
ɷܵȫ赲׷Ҷء
ͻȻҶɫ䣬һĴɳһöӲӵˮϵ

Ҷ˫һˮϵ
öˮϵΧ˲Ϣ֮߰һʮɳˮ۳ɵԡ
߰ԣצһҶص෽˹ȥ
Ȼнˮϵȴʤڶܹ࣬ˮϵ߽׷ȡ
ҶصʶڸղɲǼ䣬̽鵽һֱ׷ɱɷ֮⣬ͻȻնһɱһֱ
Ҷˮʩչ귨֮Уæתͷһ࿴ȥ
ܴʿȻ͵Ϯң
Ҷһ֮£ŭӡ
͵Ϯ㣬ΣҪɱ㣬Ϊֵܱ㻹ӣ͵ɣܴʿ׷ҶصЦٿһ͵ħ鳷Ҷ˹
Ҷʩų߰ԣһȥȴħ鳸ס͵Ϯδܵóѡ
ˮϵȻȴгٻ֮Ч
ħԪޱȣٶȴ졣߰ͷ԰סѸٶȽ׷Ҷصٶȡ
ҵսУһգ۵ʱ䵢飬³òȥ
Ҷ֪
ȫɷйȥܴʿû˼ȥˮ飬˲ϢԹܴʿȴӡ
ܴʿһħ׷ҶأȴϰݡһſڣһɾԪӿħԪϡ
ħ鳶ʱâǣѲƵ߰ͷԸըɷ飬ٶҲһءΪһɵںھ鳣âպգֱҶȥ
ͬʱܴʿɫȴ԰ή࣬ޱȡ
ߣӣûţȥɣ
Ԫȥ߶Ԫ˲Ԫһɵ߿һ롣Ԫȥ߶СͨƣֻСͨƷҪԪǿ̫࣬Ԫȵġ
ȻҲΪأʮԪһ档ʿַȥԺľԪ
ã
Ҷɫ䣬¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫԥеˮ飬ʣķȻĳˮĳ
ˮ飬羧ӨڰеһתΪһʮ貵⣬ħֱײȥ

Ҷһȡ
䣡
ˮöˮϵ̺ˮֱӺȻը̺ˮȫը˳˷ԲɷΧҪǿҳٱ
öɽ磬ɭֵҶʮ֮õˮϵһ˲ըΪķƬħȫס
෶Χ֮ڣһħ鳷˲䱻ȵˮ£ٶǿұٻס


498 
ˮԱ˲ͷŵˮԺˮϵ׷ȡ
ʹǲܴʿλ𵤾ŲʿϧԪʹħ鳣ҲûܳԱľ޴
һǿˮ˲佫ɵԪħ鳡ٻסħ鳵Ĺٶȴ
СӵıֶΣȻûþ
ܴʿʧ
ǰѾһƬɵɫˮˮƬ֣һͷȥҲǱˮٻķݡ
ܴʿ·ɽȻһתҲ༱תܿǰˮĴԱһƵУ޷׷Ҷˡ
ܴʿĿ޷׷ҶأĲš
֮ǰĹ۲֮УҶ֮ǰѾʩչѹ׵ֶΣѣиıֶΡ
ȫ߶Ԫɡн󡱣Ӳɷȥ֮һķ
ʩչصġ󷨡ҶءͷҲжʧ׷ɱֺȥ֮һķ
ҶصĽ߲㸯Ҳ𵤾ŲĻһܾˣǱˣʵ
ܴʿҲòϣЩֶηκһ𵤺ʿϣǼǿĶֶΣڶɽ
ҶһʿʵѾ˼¡
ܴʿҶѾûʲôǿֶοʩչ
ҪǣҶصķģ޷ָѾƵ˾ĵزֻһ㳹군
ܴʿŷݣϧʮľԪ͵ϮҶأҪҶһΪֵܲСʿ
̣ⷬļá
ܴʿȴû뵽ҶͷȻԱһöˮϵٶӹһ١
ܴʿܿƬƬŨˮϰ׷ѾˡҶصľٶ𾪵ͬʱɵĴޡ
ɶֱСӸˣѹҲס
ֻһ˲䷢顣
ܴʿģջħ鳣ٶȳҶ׷ȥ
ͬʿʿˣ׷ɱǵаޣҲѸٷɶݹ

Ҷȴû˼ȥЩûȥͲܴʿ
Ҷȡ䴢ڵһ«Ʒϼ齬͹һڣָķȫٿϣɣҲҷġ
ϣڸղŵ˲Ϣ֮䣬ַ˳һԶ
ҶطɿĿһǰ͵ĹֻʣԶˡ
Ȼղն˲ܴʿ͵ϮϵķٶȴȻһ
΢΢һֱ׷ɱɷѾ߰ɱƽİɡ
ɷ磬취赲ֱҶضҶصıеһɴ̹ǵĺ⡣
ֻҪ󣬾иİգ׷ɱаޣͷٸˣ
ҶвɶԲܴʿһ䡣
ķʣңղŴǿķˮ鷨ǿԱ׵סܴʿ͵Ϯʣ޼ķٶȼһɡ

ʦ֣쿴ܴʿҶĶˣһĽʿһ಻ԶܴʿͻȻϮҶأ̲ס
ܴʿȻץᣡȻʱ֡ȻתͷһƳϲͻȻȴΪգѽҶıһܴʿû͵Ϯ֣
ȻһڸûʲôһǿʱҶػ죬ֻûѣͳ
ʦ֣ҲָɵҶġⳡޱȣæĸע˭ɱ˭ɱҶϣҲû˻עʿɵģ
ĻѵãҪǱҶߣ´ɱĺûᣬɾˡһĽʿҲæ˵ɵҶģ滹һ
ãһ֣ɵҶģ
ȻɿɨΧѰʿһۣû˭йȥעǡ
һݣϣʿХһȫ߶󷽳ڵҶش˹ȥ

Ҷ֣Сģ
顢֣ɻԶˣʱȴҶغһɹһʼܴʿ͵ϮҶصʱ򣬶ʱʧɫȻԪͼֹܴʿ
ȻΣޱȣеʿƴǺҶвĽ飬ȻϣҶʱ䣬ý͵֮Ƶ¡
ǣǻûüܴʿ
ܴʿһ͵ϮѾҶصķԱȫ⡣
ʱ֣ˣȻʿһҶɱ˹Ǽ޽ӵ飬ǸҶг
֣֪ȻһʲôˣҪϮɱҶأȴϮɱû
ʲôˣΪ͵ϮҶ֣ͣ£
ʱһ֣ɻԣȥԪȻһתȻɱȥ
ǺˣҴ£
ȻҶغͲܴʿʱº֣ȴͻȻɽȻǽɱ˹ɴŭ
ȥɣ
Ȼһʿʱͽ֣ˣһ͵죬һɱ
֣ɻԴһѶȻһ£Ҷһ
Ҷػûüϲãʱľɿ쳯һƳʿʿˣȻҲɽȫ׷ɱ˹
ʿаޣģҪ׷ɱԼˡ㱩һΪҲҪɱǣԾ󻼣
Ҷرϣ¶һ˿Ȼһְڴϣ׼Сͨ׹ž׳


ʱУһȡ
ԪΪ໥ӳĺâͷʿʿȥ
̶̵һ˲䣬âըΪâһʮ㽣âǵأʿʿȫ֡
Ҷ׼׳׹žͣ£֪ǻʸˡ
ʿʿ˷Ӧ˿֮£ͬʱҶأһٿطɽâȥ
ϮɱҶȣԼҪ

ҶȴǿЦ
Ȼͼ͵ϮĲܴʿ֣˽˶ȻһȫʿʿջطɽԷ
ǣСͨɷƲɵڵķɱ˹סҲû˭ȥֵ⾪һ
Ҷգâɵɫɷâ֡
ҶΧѰʿаޣ׷׺Ȼӡ
ȻɷĿ겻ǣ޴ޱȿֲɱҲǸڹΧ֮ڡ
ã
ֵɷ
ĳҶ׷ɱĲܴʿ˶Ľ顢֣ɻԣͶȻһˡ
ɷͷҶؼʮʿ޲ʲôҲ˲ˣ׷кȫٿظֵķɷȥ
ҪôɷնɱҪôסɷ
ûеѡ
Ҫǲȫֵɷһ֮ԽȫնɱӶߡ
Ҷֻü˲ϢŸ߽׷ɷͬʱȫԼס⵽Ĺ
һ˲䣬ʮʿĸɫâϮɷϡ
䣡
ɫâ󱬣̵̲סۡ
ʮɷһ֮£׷ըΪƬ
ɷ֮ǰѾһ·Ϯɱʮʿڶķͱȥ߰˳ָࡣ
һڽĶ׺ľΪһСȻأڷɶݳС
Ѿӵ͵ԵĽʿ޴ķѪѪϹż֮Уʧټ
ģݾҶأƺһ·𱻾޴Уߵķһ㣬׹͵ѪС
쬣
һȺа޳ȥ֮ǰ
һӰԱ˫ͬʱʱһץס׹Ҷأһ˫һģޱȵڿһۣһʧ˾͵ΧããѪ֮С


499 
һɫӰ˵ѹȻھ͵գͣڵѪϿա
дֱСӸˣ
Ŀž͵졣ŨѪҶصϢѾƬѪ֮ʧʶ޷׷١
Ѫѹŵһɵʶ롣
ĹΪΧŨѪΣԲδԵùɭˡ
ǣʲôݡ
ῴɹһ͵Ĵס
ҪûĿƣ̼ƿΧѪֱΧʮﺣ򣬱ɹ
ûóȻȥĴ㡣
ݺѪɫ֮ľ飬Ǿ᷸µͼ󣬳嶯֮£ȫδ֪֮ء
Ҫȥͳ̶ȣҲҪŪʲôá
泯Ƴһۡ
ˡҶصѾ͵죬ǻѰʿ翹а޵Χݡ
ߣ
һߣٻСͨɷҲֱӼ˳ȥ
һȻԱΪҶѣͷŭҪйһ¡
ͣ
ѣҽ
ھ͵֮⣬ʣļѰʿа޸סδü͵ڣ̱ķɽɱһɾ
аޣ굺Ѱʿ֮󣬷׷׷󣬼ɫѿһľҶ˵䡣
ղһսѰʿɱ˳һ룬ʮǻжʮѰʿ˾͵ڡ
ʿ֣ռƵ£ʮ֮ࡣ
˵һսδռ̫ˡ
Ҫǣûͳͳɱ
Ϣŭ°²𷣣
а޶ӳӲͷƤǰսսĵ
һȺʮôѰʿӽϹżڣ
ĿһɨâӹЩаޡ
а޲ҺĿӣ׷׵ͷнпࡣ
ղ㾡ȫЩѰʿƴ
ǣһȺСѰʿҲǺսʿѪɫ֮ģмǷ
ңͲھ͵ıԵʮﴦڽʿ˵ξ뼫̣Ѱʿ׾͵ڡ
ʱô̴٣̫ңҪ˼ɽĺֱײɱԷʮѰʿѾǼΪס
ͷȼ£Ȼصٽгͽ䣡ڣ׷ɱЩڵѰʿҪ
µаսսӦѹŭ˵˵ͬСɣżڿ϶̾вٵĹޡ̽һܲȥֵ󷨣
ǣ
аȡ
һʿǰĹ粻
͵ΧѪĹȴͬûа촫ȥղȺѰʿѪ棬գۼ䳹ʧϢȫޣûһ˿ʮֵĹ졣
գɵϿգ΢һ£ָһ·͵һָ
ɷ˲䱩ɣΪһɷâնȻ·죬һǰǧɷΧѪ¶Ѫľ
Ѫ棬һ㱡Ĺ֣š
ɷ֣Ҫƿ󣬶żһ̽ʱ
֣Ȼ䱻˲۳һֻڵľ͹צ֮޴һѽɴСɷץס
צһɷɫɷâʱ˷ɽâð͵縯ʴɷķ
ɷʱһնצ
Ĺ̼䷭һͷ˯ľһ㣬ΪĹצſھ޿ڿĹͷɷͼɵ
ɷƵȴЩצͷĶ֡
ã
ʧɫ
ûϵһ󣬾Ȼ⵽ķɡ
СͨɷһЩצͷ˺ҧס޷ѡ
ۿӿĹצͷҪɷû
Ͼ룬ȫʩչٿɷݺնץסĹצնϹצѿΪһ̹⣬˲Ѫ
ӿĹȥƽ·ʲô¶ûһ㡣
ջɷϣԽԵѿ
ڵĹ󣬾ԪӤʿµġڹʿܲĴ󡣡
һԪӤڹʿµĴ󣡡ųиࡣ
󣬸ǷԲ˸е˼顣ҪֱƵǲˡ
ЩѰʿȥûķɡֻҪͼǿ󣬲ķɣ
һʮֿɡĶֵ⴦żйʿĻΪʲôûκηӦЩ֡
Īǣһȴûйʿ
ҲǴڵġ˵ǧǰĳλͨĹʿ󣬵ȴٺľ𡣡
Ͻüͷ
ԪӤĹʿǣҲǿС
һ£ûͷ
׺ݵâ㸶ۣҲҪнСӸɱˡ棬ҪΪѪɫ֮һЦܾԪӤʿ䳰䡣
뵽̳аǣֳˣһ̽ʵ
һаޣղһĻ𺳡塣
ʱɺȻ
֪Υ֮ͬһ֡
ܻǾ˴󹦡
ʿԦ޵Ѫ
˼ѪʱͻȻӡƣžžžӡǵĺϡ
ҪѪаޣʱһ㵣ͣ£֪룬֪ʲô
赣ģϸһ׷ٷӡһΣգ̽ȥԮǣ

л棡
а޷׷¶һмɫȻԼԦɽһͷѪУܿʧУȴǸȥǡ
治ٿѪǱߣȡһߴڽɫ۹ۿ
ڽɫСͨ취
׷ټΪ΢ķϢֻҪһʿһӡȻ֮⣬ͨ취Ҳܹ֪̽ȥ
׷ٷʶ׷٣
淨ϣԣɿ⣬ӦŸղŽѪаޡ
һĳһϨʧҲζŶӦаޣѾɡ
ĿĶţһʱ䣬;ͣ˼£һֱδϨѾԽѪ˹ڡ
ȻֻҪͼǿйƹ;ȥ⵽ķɡȻʿڣܹڹڣȥҲ¡
˼ڷ
һСӣͱһͬϹż֮СЩѰʿһɱ⣡
׽ĽʿģͣɱѰʿȣҲֹ׷
⣬ϹűĵرΣޣڸԵĵͼϼ£͡
滰¡
ǣ
а޲ٵ£˷׷ӦŵһӣԦɽ͵ΧѪ֮С
濴㵽мͣϹżڣӳģ
аȫ룬Цһݺһƣһɫ⣬죬գۼʧѪС


500 Ѫԭ
͵졣
Ѫ
ʸԱԪɽƻбŻʹȥҶأããѪ֮Уٷӡ

һһģһĺ⣬ɹɾ롣ϵرŷ򣬱ⱻ׷١
ʸŵ˻еҶһۣӣǽ֮ɫ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôɿӴȡһŽַҶصؿڣҶϼӳһϵ֡
ҶϽ貣ų⿪ΧѪ
ѪѪ³һѪɫнΪǿҵʴʴ
ѪʴԵͽʿصвԽʿ˵ⲻ
Ҷڻʣȴֵû岻Ѫʴ
Ҷؿһʱ˲ˡ
ĵڶٶȳȻѰʿֵڹĵҶأɳɷ޴ĳɽ֮£˻ʹȥ
֪Ρ
ʸеޱȡ
ͣ̽Ҷصƣһֱ͵ļɶȥа׷ϣһ֮Կ
һС򣬻ʸѾѪ˿ûͣĴ㡣
ͻȻһӴѹȻӳڻʸϣ͵ش
⴦Ϲżнմ󣡣
ʸɫ䣬ڵΪȻ֮ûС
̷Ӧ
϶ԪӤʿµĽմ
ʸӲӴѹһһᷨѸ·׹䣬ڵһƬС͵Ӫط档
һأ̲ס³һѪɫ԰ס
ǾһɱʮʿڣҲܵɷĲ
ֻɷΧԶûйĵҶأء
ʸ׹ڷϣδԼˣһ˫ַɿҶؿڣһķڵĸѸ޲ܵشľ
ҶܵĴ̼ȴȻԣȳһѪ˫Ŀ˹
ˣ
ʸҶʱϲŵĿ
šǡѪ
Ҷطɿĳܴ
Ŀ֮һƬѪֵӪط棬ֻܿӪطΧҷΧ龰
޵Ϲսż˵ǶʿʱפӪأ˽ľȻ˴ǽ
Զһ޼ʵĻԭ
ٲķַֻ֣ԼԭϣʯľŨѪ֣ȥһƬѪɫ
Ӫط⣬ɢŸĲк
ԶĲкѾɷĩһѡ
ЩкΧɢһЩƷɽƬȵȣѾɥʧ޹⣬Щкһ޼ֵ
Ӫط⣬кʯ֮䣬ǵĳһЩɫĲľЩľǻҡɫ󡣻м޵ĲľɢѪΣһ֮±㾴η
ƬӪطǽϣĴȭͷСĳ涴ף⣬ɺԵİɫճҺ塣
ʯǽϵĶףӦþѪĳѨڳѨȫˣҪȻǸ鷳
Ҷ΢΢һҲû˼Щ
ʸͬҲٴһΧĻ
ľǣʶƬѪ֮УҲֻ̽鵽ΧɷΧԶ㳹Ч
һӾ͵ֻ֮޵ڵѪ֮еĶʮѰʿѪ֮ʧټ֪ȥ
ʸҰΧڣѾκʿʶͬҲ̽鲻ǵȥ
Ѿ뵺죬ԼϰѪСѰʿҲ֪ȥżڵʲôطżķȫ
ʸ˵ʵˣʱ޸ƣϹż֮Уʮա
ϸ
Ҷϥʶڲһ飬ۣʸŵɫҡҡͷʮߴξһʮֻǿһС΢ķʱɥʧ˶֮ãȻѣ޲ֻҪʱ䡣
š
ʸ˵ͷµģڷ
ƣͨʿ˵ˡҪһ֮ãϵȵ鵤ҩơ
ҾȬҲܴº֢һ𣬻Ӱ쵽պչٶȣԼʩٶȡ
ǣҶأȴǴ⡣
ΪҶأǶɽеʦƽΪԪ鵤֮⣬ģõ鵤ˡ
ҶأѾƳŽ鵤
ɽ磬ԪӤʿˣҲǴ඼ʹֵȽ׵鵤޸ˡ
Ҷؼ֮ûе飬Ӵȡһɫ«浹һѴСŨɫ鵤ֱУ¸ȥ
Ƶ鵤޲ܴ˵ľЧѡ
öҪղ޲ܴľԡƪ׽״̬һԴ޲ʱ䡣
Ҷһ£侲
Ҫ߶ã޲þѹ
ʸæʵ
ƣҪһգ޲еľ
Ҷص
һգû⣡
ʸĿᶨ
áѪԭϣһСƬӪط棬ԲҰһգȡʱ޸ʿƬӪط棬ѷˣϹżڣաڣҲ֪⴦Ϲżڣʲôޡ޳ûЩ׼
ҶҲѶ֮
ϹżڣȷĪ
һߣܱܿڳɥҲ޷
ǣʱڣ޲ѵľһΣϮͬΪصƣɥ
ңɽܱգҪ밲ݣԵİȫǱɡᵤӤ٣һС١٣ʿҷ
û㹻ĥ־ϵޱȵĶֶΣѵֲ١
ҶƬСӪطڣһεķ䣬ΪԼĲ֮ȡһ޴˳ȥ
߲ĸͷԵĴ޴˳˫ĿնһҶء
ҶֱʶԼػ
ſڵϣȴŤͷѪͳĺ˼ƺѪмΣյĶ
ҶصĴлһ
һſвٿءǴʥʵĵϵᣬļͼֽе
ҶؽĿڸ˻ʸ
ʸÿҲܿ
ܣΪļƷʯͷ׶á
ҶӪڵһ䣬ϥĿСǿԼ֮Уڹ赤İ֮£̶޲ܴľھ޲֮ǰ
̶̵Ƭ֮Ҷر˯ȥ
ʸĿ񣬾ӪطһǣҶصԣȫעѪԭϵĶ
һʱʱʱϢĹȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãžѪɫԭӪط֮⣬Ȼһ΢ġꡱƺʲô̤ӪĿݲϡ


501 
һ˫㣬ڻ谵Ѫԭ֣
Ѫ
һʵѪҺ̼Ѫζ
Ӫط⣬һʯǽŸᣬʱ˷õĴеųѣȫ¶СĲ̤ڲƷ洦ȥڵצڵţͼһѪҺĳԴ
ʵϣǻʸҶͣĵطµһѪҺ
ȻһǿҵΣձƽ̧ͷӪؿȥ
쬣
һɫâӪط
ʱǰ΢΢һףȻԼԾͼǵâϮ
ǣǵâٶ̫죬̫Ϭ
ͣ
Ծ𣬱㱻ǵɳıâֱأ촦
ڽİɫճѪҺ⣬ǵâɢı֮ױ޴ıȻӰˤϣҳһѵ찵ɫꡣ
һϮӰӪطһ֣ջǵâƮȻ߱ʬɿ⡣
ͷצǣӦףޡô
ʸɿ⣬ʬ忴һ΢΢üַȥŵĸζ
ͷǣǺưܴźɫѣܲ
һͷޡ
ʸԸ޲İ
ΪҶصĸһͷޣҶһͷȻԸ˽ⲻ١
ޣڼΪӵĻ֮أ֫Ѫ⽥󲿷޶ֻмܻ
Ļǻ컯ʺ֮棬޳Ϊޡ
޲ǹѾʬ
Ƴáޣܹʿϲ
޺ЩƣηˣӲѴݡǽǵͷ­ƻʹҲֹͣ
ָޣͬ׵޸ǿ¡
צǣɽܳһнޣǺٻתΪޡ
ʸЩɻ󲻽⡣
ͷΧ谵ѪԭһͻȻѪ϶Ѫצǵصĸʴ˸ޡ֮л֣ԵֵѪѪʴޣûл֣ѪǵƤëѪոһʴҪôܲסĥҪôסĥɸޡ
²⣬ŸոҰȥ
ֻӪΧѪԭϣ½½һ˫˫˸㣬ڻԭϣӪط洦żһͳڻԭϻص
Щ㣬ʮ֮ࡣ
ȺΪʲôôĸޣ
ʸһ׵ϣ΢΢ɫ
Щ㣬ɢڻԭϣ֮УѾΧ⴦ӪءЩǣӦò͡
ʸһɵǵĻͷӪһƬǽδҶء
ҶϥɫݣѾ׳ߣͷӪΪһ壬һľʯϢйķȫ޲ľ
ټϾŽ鵤赤ĸٶȣͨʿʮ౶
ֻҪһգ޲þѹָ󲿷ֵʵӣ硭ѾȥĸʱȥˡҪذҡ
ʸһ˫У侲ĹâѸٳˣصĽ䴦Ҷصǰ
ЩޣĴѪԭУӪأڶ֮ͣ¡
ʸʱѾܿǵģʵ
Ϊ׵һͷǣĸ޴˽ʵͫĹƺǰЩɵ
ǣ߽׵Ĳͷ֮࣬嵽׵Ҳжʮͷ
һֱſڵϵĸʱҲڸܵ˸ȺвİͫףΧƽĸȺϵͺ𣬻ӿһŨĺɫЩǡ
ʸЩǵʵӣҲʼףһ
帯ǣЩǵ̫ˣ඼ǽ𵤼ޡ
ңֻǽΪȸǿ١
ȺΧѹ
ǾŽʵ֮ǰ뻯ߵĴսУ˲ˣҲĲСֵ֪ܲܵסȺΧ
ͷԶһСϣŸȺ̰ײеĿŷӪأʸ͸۲ǰʵڿľʯһҶأǷδر⡣
ĽλҪһЩ
޵ǵĵͽޣǲ߽Ƶġ
á
̫٣ȺǵĶ̰֡ɱıܣѹ˶Խλıη塣
ͷĹ㣬һһԾ𣬳£ϮĸӦ˷Żʸ˹ȥ
ʸһһӣȻԪ

Ԫɽ˲⣬ʮɳСɽ촩ıСɽ֯ϸܵĽסΧɷΧ
ͬʱʮɽΪʶϮĸڶ࣬Ԫ޷ֵסѲС
ʸٿʮɽӭ˱Ϯһʮͷǡ
ͷٶ죬ǰ棬һ嵽Χ
̣
һС𽣣ɱĸͷͷ­Ȼһ˵졣
ͷͷֻ˼ԶͷһĽۡ
ɽһŻ棬ͷ츯õƤë
ͷŭ̧һֻצһģǱСķɣ˦˦ͷͬʱðһɺƤëϵĻ棬Ÿӷĳ
ⸯͷͷ­˼ӲȻԪСɽҲ̲ȥ
ʸһ
˽׸ͷ죬Ƥëķǿ̶ֳȡ
ȻˣҲһԪɽʮСɽÿһɱԭ򣬵´̲ư˽׵ĸͷƤë
ڣΣ
ЩޣȥȻܲªѿжȴ쳣ѸͣηˡֻצѾɱ˻ʸµĽ⣬˱Ƕ
ʸ˲𾪣ʮСɽ󣬳Χһʮͷȫɱ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬һʮͷǣȫʸı
顢顭

꣡
ϵСɽһиǣǵڣȼǵĺǶճɻҽϵСɽһиǣ̽⣬ٶȼٻ
ǣֻ˲ɱʮͷµǡ߽ϵĽ𵤼ǣͷ֮࣬ȴˣٻ޷ɱ
ͷ˽׸ͷ죬˶
Щ𵤼ǣ뽣ڣӲСɽĽɱʸ
ʸɫɷףȴ˺һҲ
󣬾ǳߵҶء
ٳûжĸһΪһӰڵĸȻȥ޴ǰһȣһͷ𵤸ֱķʮɡ޴죬˺ҧͷ졣
ͷͬʾϬ˺ҧ򸯹
Ž׵ĸͰ˽׵ĸͷ죬˺ҧɱһ


502 ɵ
ʲôطȻôĸޣ
ɫӰããѪԭĿķɱ
Ϊ׵һʿһߺһʿں
ոհһȺޣǱӵΪǱнշУֻڵϷɱһ̫ܵ죬ϻԭϵĸȺ
ʦ֣޵̫ˣԲϼҲܲꡣѪԭ涼ת˴죬ûְϹűĺۼյĸޣҪǷӦĿ죬²֪˶ٻأǼˣ뱲ӻûмʲôطۼĸޡҲ֪ҵϹű
ʿš
ߡղűһȺ׷ɱʧ˷ڲҪ˵ѰϹű뿪޵֪ĸߡѾѪʧʱһ뿪ͷû
ѪʴԻ࿹ȥЯơʯķǳ죬һʧҪʳ
֪޵ڻʧǾͲý㱻ɱˣҲɥڸ޵ĸǿ
˵ϽҶϡҪΪ׷ɱҲֹطҲ֪Ща뿪ûУϣǡ
ߺʿ֣໥Թ
ʦ֣ȺѾ˦ˣЪϢһ£ָɣȻָ˷ǻǾ취뿪˵ء
һ߻ͷһѪԭûзκθ޵ټ̲ס˵
ʦ˵Ĳ
ʿҲʦ֣ղΪ˰ȺޣȥٷһޡаޣѰʿײϣ˲дķ룡
ơʯһþûиޣǵķҲᱻѪģȻѪһʴʹֲҲ˵ҿɲĥΪ˲˹ĸʬǻ֮ǰʹ죡
ʿ˵ţͻȻһһ
һʿĺǣѪʴ绯֮£Ѿѡ
ʿ̲סһԽĺ޷뿪޵ֻգò˶ãҲͻΪһѰ׹ǣ޵ϡ
ˣǶұ죡ɹѪɫ֮պ
Ȼͣʿ˵ķңɰ߳ȣȻգܲ㡣С˻л˵ءżҵмֵıɹһݹͣڰϹżһˡ
ʦ˵ǣ
ʿһ٣ȴҷ
ޱŸ¡ޣѵϣ棬Ǿˡ
ʰ飬˵ƣԭشָ
һʱָ˷֮󣬶ȻŶٶѪԭȥ
ããѪԭ޷Уʶ̽鷶ΧҲֻһ
ڵһʧ򣬺ѳȥ
Ȼ˵һֱǰ߳˵
ǣ洦ޣܣ޷һֱǰСȥ֪ʲôʱܴ⵺Ƴȥ
˲֪ãȴǰѪԭԶԼһƬӪء
ϲϲ΢
Ӫأ
ֵطҰϰڶ࣬ǱոԷ֣СĲǡ
ȻĻ䣬Լ˺ҧǴд
ޣ
˵ɫͬʱ䡣
ߣ˿ҳɣһɨһƬʯɨִ̽أһĻɫâأ˫ۡ

ϵͽ׷ͨأΧһ졣
ֵͽϵֻʱżϡЩʿƽʱззʶֶ̽Σòֵͼϵ
ؽƵľ޵ϣ⡰벻ãԶĿӹ۲졢ʶ̽ҪЧĶࡣ
ǰƬӪڣͷޣΧһʿһͷޣܿѰʿա
ߺܿ̽ǰӪصɿ쳯Ȼ˵ʦ֣㿴ǲǱܿǰķ棿
ֻ֮̽ǰ죬ʶ̽̽ʿϢ
ͷޡǽ𵤼ĸޣʮ׺δǵĶ֣һ²һ¡
һʿǵ
Ȼһת룬ͻȻٺЦӦ䵥ѰʿȺˣȻԷһܵסôĸޣûǾ˵Щ޲Ŀȥ䡣Ѱʿϣ϶ơʯûջ񣬻ȡЩҲжһʱ䡣
ʦǣȥһҲá
ԥһ£˵ͷ
ߣ
Ȼϵ˾ٴѪԭӹϢĿǴӪء
һѾ˷ӪءȻһһҰĸߴͷ𵤼ĸǣΧһŮʿ
Ůʿɫ԰ף㺹죬ҡҡ׹ȴڿűɽȫƾһִ֧š
ϣǸǵʬ塣Ǳѳɿ飬ճһڹǲкҲһ֣Ǳ˺ҧΪüġ
ʦֿ쿴ǷӪһǣϽҶСϡϥϢȫޡ᲻Ѿˣ
ߣιһССĽ㣬вĵˣҪҷǵĳ˵ֶΣҲ֪ʿ
ʱʿҲȻ߷£ųҶأϲĪ
ΣҶ֮ܵǰشӶѾˡûҲֻʣһ˺ͷ𵤼Ҳǿ֮ĩ־Ϳ֮Ҳ
ȻȻѹȴ˿ѹֲеϲáôҲû뵽ͷ𵤼ΧɱģϣܹҶط򸾣
Ůһ˾Ȼɱͷ𵤼ʮͷǡȺצǣѾѪսʱѾҪ;ƿݣ޷սȥˡ
ͷ׺ͷͷ죬˺ҧĲҿ
Ȼʦ˾ˣŵѻᣡһأǲ֪ģĴУΪ¾޴Ĺ͡ҶϷϵķԼͷսʣ޼ĽҪҵȡ
˲ۺЯ鵤ҩƷʯƿ¾ȫ㹻ľ޵ټϴ϶ķȲƻһʾ޶ơǻصɹƾιͺջ񣬿϶ܵϵķͺӣиǳͨ裬ƽƣмϣԪӤƿ
ߺʿеҶءʸ·ֿɵõıһǰ;ͨɵ
ڶѪɫ֮Ǿڹ컯֮Ҷ֣©ϽѪ
ڣյϹżѪԭϡǸʲôб֪ջκνʿ޷ֵ
ƾʲôҶһɢ޳ȴòĽޣƻ֮𶫺ɽĴн󣬻ϽĳϣλԪӤ֮¡һɳ죬ԪӤϵӣλȴʮ֮һ硣ûҽնҪңͷ֮ޣ
Ȼһ˲䣬ͷм޽ӣӵ
֣


503 
ȻʿӷӪظߴһԾ𣬻â·սǡ
̶һľ룬ڽʿıٶ˵֮伴ܳ嵽
𷨽ɣ
Ȼٶ죬ȻִһԪ񷨽
˲仯ʮɳ貵⣬ͷͷ졣
˷ǶȻԪĳ׽ϵԪ
֮ʱϡٵġɰɰмѵа֮Чǿƹаȵĸ߽ɰԸͬмɱ
˷ƽʱҲһĽϵԪظ޵ľ͵죬ȴЧ
ǿŴ˽ȻŵԴѪԭȺ޵Χѡ
ȻһͻȻ𣬶ͷͷ죬־ڱصá
ͷѾ͸ʱѪģ¶ɭ׺ǣľ
ͻȻַӪظߴһ⣬һηɰϢ
ľ£ͷ׷ʲôֻһöСήҰϵ⡣
öƵм䣬ƺ˿
ڷ졣
䣡
ǵ⣬ϣһҫĿĹâ
âϵѹд
ͷһʵ̱ץס˿յ͵һҧס˸ͷľ޴ͷ쾱һ鸯˺ҧŵѪ
ͷ⵽شҲٿزס
𷨽ͬʱһѹסٿջһն˸ͷͷ­
һҧסö׹ƷɫսƷѸ˻ػʸ࣬ʳеƺصʬ
ʱȻͬʿͷںͻʸĽ𵤼ǡ
ͷ𵤼ѾƣͷɥƲ໽һתѪԭбӡ
ʿϷŹǣԲԪᦡҷͷͼĸǽס
һʮɣһͷİڣͻѲã棬ͷյƤһС򣬱㽫׷ճһѻҽ
ҷһңһͷǵҳ⽴
ͷ߽׸ǵʵҲôɥǸʸʱݽߣˣΪǶȻȷʢʿĶ֡
һУֻһգ۵ʱ䡣
Ȼʰͷ𵤼ǣЦӷӪصΧסʸ͸
ʸʿӷӪնɱͷǣΪ⣬ʿòɫ΢䡣
ʿ
ʸջرɽŶȻˡ
ʮԼķڳϽ֮ʱɨ棬ʿ¶ԹȻһ𣬵Ҳͬˮ𣬹ϵӡ
ڹŴݵ㣬Ľʿһ䳰ȷ㵱Ҫ˵Ȼ˻ĳȣǾš
˿ЩǲѾʱأǿ֧ŵڡ
ȻĻϲİΧΧǼɡ
лλѳֻǲ֪λѣǺ⣿
ʸ΢üͷֿر˫ϵԪɽ˵ġ
Ȼʸ侲򶨣κεĲףɴ⡣
ԭΪһռݾƣҶظǷˣʸݽߣضǵĳ֣¶Ⱦɫ
ڣʸ˵侲⸱̬Ȼûн˷ûκλš֮ɫɫ΢Щ԰֮⣬Ĺ֮⣬ƺ֣ûںȻ˵İΧ
Ȼжʱɻ
Ị̄
ȻӪؽҶأҶϥĿϢȫޣƺѾˡ
˵ʸ̵ĻȻ϶һҶء
ҶӦˣ򲻻޶⵽һȺ𵤸޵ΧΣ
ԣҶҪˣʬӦûὥ϶ʬ֮ǣҶȴͬľʯһ㣬ϢӦеϢǿԵʣ϶ûʩչĳͬһ㣬ʶ̽飬ȴض˿̽鲻
ҶľŪʲô飿Īʹթ
Ҷʵǿᣬֶβ涼ûɱҪû£Լ˼Ҳδ֡
Ȼһ뵽ֿܣľԲ²⡣
ȻһСĽ׳ͷϲָʹȥðգҲһֱڡ
ⷽռ˶Ҳҵġ
ҲֻҳҶ˱ŸҳͷҪҶػȻĻţܻ򲻸ҹðռ˵ġ
Ҷ˶ˣͬΣѣвȵĵҵʿϽҶϵʶҶѵľֶΣ۲ѡȻڴ֮ϣҲȻ֪Ҷϣʩչʲô󷨣Ϊû˿
Ȼ˫ĿһתָָҶЦ
ҵҲʶһҶϵؼ˵˵Σ
ʿʱҲǰƺ֪Ȼ뷨ŶȻһЦͼƳҶصʵ
λѴ˷ҺͷȥŰлҼҷ˿ھޣϣܵţ뼸λ뿪
ʸ˪
Ŷ𣿡
ȻɵҶأδʸȳ⡣
̽ҶȴȻû˿Ϣûб仯ʱڳ׷Ҷǻ˿Ӧö޷ֲǡ
ǹŪ飬ʱ䡣
Ȼһ㣬һתתͷʸʸұɴ£ŭľգǽΣɫĶ
޼ɵĹЦ
ҶƱ磬ҸڲˡҶػ֮£ǽ֮ˣⸯޱصľ޵ǻȥģԹʣΪᡣ
²ţԸͷ˽Ϊ˫޵¡ϵϵӵܵݣҲûˡң˱֮λʤաʱ޶֮ͻԪӤϣķϣҿԸҶһȫʬΣ
Ȼ˵ĺȴвҪǲӣҪҶشңʬǲ
޳Сˣ
ʸ÷˫ĿȻ֣Ԫ˲ɱʮСɽǵؼĿаĶȻ
ߣƲԳԷƣǾͱҶĳ˲ķ׺ľ
Ȼ״ɫʱæ𷨽ֵɽ
ʿæٿظԪᦡҷԼڸɫ߽׷׷æҵĽ»ʸȺСɽĹơ
ÿһСɽԶеԪ
һ©һСɽȴҪǲܡ
ʸ̳ˡ
ͬʱ׳һܴ
ⱩַӪء
һɸߣȫ׵ľ޴ܣֳһɫǹսУصϢƣâΧѪ糱ˮ˿


504 ֮
̧ͷ˫Ŀ˫ɫʯ˫ĿѪɫ⣬޸ıɨʿ
ʸУͳһĿŶȻʿ
һֱֲɱﵣһֱûʹ
һŽ׵ܡ
һСͨԽ
ŽܣҶشʥеģִҺеõһͼֽͼֽڻܵĲٿһڸ
ʹΪļƷʯ
ʸ׶á
޵ϣûмƷʯһһ飬ʡʡһЯļƷʯľҲһͭûʲô
СͨԽԱһΪΪۣľԪʩչܲãá
ʸûͳԽȥԸЩǣΪʵϸǿֵסǵĹܡ
ֻҪϹһյʱȷӳ󹦸ɡ
ûбƵȻ뽫ͳԽ˷⼸ͷϡ
ʸȻʿ֣ȻɣǴһʼûаѶȻʿ
ųܣٿؿܷˣڽ䴦ҶصǰŽ۷弶ʵܣʿ
Ҳ˺󣬻Ҷء
ܣʲôȽ׵ļܣ
ȻĿȻһɲͣٱƽ
ܣƣϢֲĽʿҲеһѹļ¡ǾŽ׼ܣ˵ơ
𾪵ǣܷ貵ɫâ
Сԭ֮Уûɫԭϡ׽İ⣬ֻɽֺıٷϣɫġ
âĪƵĿܣ
ȻĿֱⷢѵһ¿ˮ
ʱֻҪһСβָСƳһбٷԵĶ׷ڷϵۼҪͨ׷߳һءǰһɸߣҪƳ
һŽ׼ܣѾֲԺͽ𵤺۷ʿȡñٷƳɵģ͸󡣶ԪӤʿûмۺĲרƳһļ
ĽʿǼʿǹª֮
ߣʿͬһ۾ͿŽܣʵֱʷǷڶɽ磬Ǿףʿ̰Ŀ⡣
ԪӤʿܷǳȤ
ʦ֣Ž׼ܣܲ˴˺ҲĶ֡ңҶˣһƬ񡭡
ʿ¶ɫٱƽʸ
߾ḻޱȣ֪ԼܵĶ֣ǲɫĺˡ
һ𵤼ܣʲô˵ҲһŪ˵Ŀܡ㲻ҲһǽʿѪɫ֮ͲҪգ̸ϣҺʦ֣󣬱һʧҪǸҺˣӵ
Ȼûǰȴʿ
ʿʱп಻
ĵȽףǳɭϣʿǲҲӳģͬѹΪˡħݡ
ʸɲ˭˭أһٿط
ͣһ٣͵ڵһţһԾֳ־ǹΪһɫ磬ǰʿ
ʿҺˣΣ̷кԼԪᦡڡһչȼɳҵ棬ϯȥ
ֻܼô

ܣһͷᦵİ֮С
ʿ۾
棬ޱȣԽ𵤼ճɻҽ˵Ҳֵܽڻˡ
ǣעҪʧˡ
˻
ðᦣͬƲһ㣬â͸
һɫӰе
ͣ
ǹʿؿڣһ޴Ѫ
ʿҽУΪҽ
ᦷȻһ
ãȻһľŽϽҶϣôֲľŽ׿ܡλĵϵãҲûֲĿܣ
Ȼ󺧡
ϵӣֻϵ֧ѣϵöƲϡȶ֮ϵϵã硣
иûǿıֶΣﻹ˿ͣһ㣬ӪѪԭ֮Уȥᱨˣ㲻ˡ
߼ͬһ²᲻֪ŽĿ£ȻҵȻӡ
վǹٶȳȻ׷ɱȥ
ٶȣ߸һһ׷΢ߣһǹ̹ȥ
߾һɺ˵ƣ޿赲ɱޱȣƴԪҷɽ̴ֲֻ߽׷ϵ߽׷ĸ߽ϵ׷״˳ȥͼֵľǹ
Ȼ޵ס
Ž׼ܣǽ𵤺ڵ۷ʵ߳ǽʿһء
ŽܣκηӰ죬ǿֲ
Ǽʿ֮Ԫֿͬ˵ȡһ߻ᣬڡͷСӳȻȻˡ
뵽⣬ԹޱȵӵĸĶȻ
˵ʵҲֲöȻ
Ȼб߻ʿ֣ԵסŽĿǱ˻лʸڳȻʸܲٿرҲǡ
Ǹûаʤ㡣
ȻֻһͷһԸϽӡڻףиϣѡ
䣡
һ촫߻һʱҡ
ֻҷɽң˲ϡ
ϵһĻҺɫң˲串Χһɣƺˡ
ϵâҫ£ЩľңûͿʼҫѩһڻɢΣ¶еҷɽ
ҷɽͷųľңȻû˿ӻͻٶȡ
һ죬ǹнҷɽһƵĳ֣˲䱻ɡ
кâһоǹ߽֮׷߽ϵߡ
߾ĻɢֻüӳԶһɫ͸ض
ۣ
ǰһڣŵǰ˺ĵȥ
ǻгȾѪľǹץСޱ飬Ŀбĺ⣬ӴܳİԶۿҪӪأѪɫԭ֮еĶȻ


505 Сջ
ȻΪһӰƴѪɫԭ֮ȥ
˲ɱ˲ɱ
ӾŽ֣ɱʿֻ˲Ĺ
ϽҶϣȻµĺУŽܣͨԪӤʿӵУǴģ
ȻпС
µɥ
ֻгѪɫԭããѪΪڻֲܰľŽܵ׷ɱ
Ȼʿڻңȫӣգۼ嵽ӪصıԵ
˾֮⣬вһݽұǸģȴǼʵҪ衣
ƾʲôҶģĶԪһǿԺɨʿľŽܡ
ԭΪҶ⵽شֶκľֻԴеķݣžԶϮɱҶط򸾡
ۿŴ󹦸ɣҶеķȲƻ֣ȴûϵҶϷ޶оȻǿľŽ׿ܣͬﶼ
˵ͬŻĻᡣ
Σķľ޵ϹսżڣһˣȱٲҪȥôΪѡ
Ȼ뵽ٿ֮࣬ҶظԹޱȡ

Žܵǿͬٿ֮˻ʸ֮⡣
ܻ˶ȻʿʮˡǣݵʱڣʿĻᶼûУֵһͱ˲ɱ
дһŭǣȻͬ䵱ڻңѪɫԭ
ʸȻգȴҲٿѪɫԭУȥ׷ɱȻ
һԶٳʲôΣյǿɾˡ
˻ʱ
ȴͻȻˣվǹһȻǹһͶѾӵӪرԵۿžҪѪԭеĶȻȥ
ǹΪһɫ羪磬˺ѿռ䡣ٶ֮죬ԶһԪɽҪ˵ʿļٶˡ
ã
Ȼë¶Ȼ٣о֣һ۶ңȫѪԭ
ɾ룬âɲǼ伴
飡
ȻԺвͷԼһǿľײϣֱֽһ㱻׷Ҳûܵסһǹ˷ҰһƬѪɫľʹٺ˲ӿԺ
ţʶ㱻һƬ޾ĺڰû
˱һѪɫǹĶ˷ӪѪɫԭϡ
һ֮վԭһҰΧʧȥ˵٣ĿѪɫ⽥ȥ
ʸȻղŲδٿй
ӪصһǣϥеҶأʱ˫ۣĿһƽĹâ
Ѿ˹
ˣ˻ָˣʸϲӣŻعԭҶʶɱ˶ȻһҶصĻС
ţˡ
ҶЦ鵤޲ЧԤĻҪЩѾ޲еľֻҪգмҶûд󰭡
Żʸ͸֧Եò԰׵ӣ΢΢ҵķޣҶ̲סۣ˷㷢ˡ
ʵҶط鵤ʩչߣֻ˴գʹ޸
߰գ޲ϸ峹׸ԭ
Ǳ˵ɱǰѹ
Ҷ֮̾ò
ųζű͸ǶԷĵ֣ǱΣ
ʶɨɨս˳ֻǸո޲ûᶯڵķԶ֡
ʸٿܣһٻɱʿŰ
ֱȻѪԭ֮Уʸ뽫ٻصʱҶڳ֣ԷǹһٽȻɱ
öȻѣȻ˵˶һˣѾв󣬵վһ󻼡
ʸգգۣҶѾָȻս֮ƣȴһ
Ҷؼ˿̵飬ܲ˼ижûٶ˵ʲô
ղһսСȺ˵ز˾ȴָȥʰȡƷǱ뿪˵أ
Ҷؿ˿Ӫ֮Ļԭ˵
ţ
ʸɵͷׯãȡһ«ϼ齬һСڣָ
ҲſһԲԶרĵʳŸͷ̺Ĵʬֲʬʧ
Ҷջ;ǹȻʿķһͬС
ȻĶӵܣԲĺĵϵᡣȶ֮šʿλһء
ȻҪ˵ά硢Ϻ֮ħ˾ͷϵˡӵеĶԵЩס
ȻֻһԪ𷨽а֮ЧƷʲⴢкüƻ٣ֻûжƷ
ߵԪҷɽ΢𣬵ǻá
ʿѾ׻ٻΪƷ
Ҷҡҡͷ
˵УɫƻƷʯ߽׷ķᣬҲֵЩǮơ
ҶۺӵԪСͨʿ˵ЩƻȴεЩֻһСƣջ
˿ҶҲûʱȥϸļͨͨպá
ţҶشһŻ򣬽Ȼ˵ʬ׷˸ɾûκκۼ
ˣûаҪɱʿҪбɱľ
ҶͻȻһһʸǰ
вϸڿǸȺ˵ؿѪ֮Ѹˣͣˣ
Ҷһ֣޴УٶԻʸ˵
ţ߰ɣ
ʸ΢ָһЩӦһ
Ҷһ𣬻ΪɫӰѪԭĸȥ
˽⴦ϹżŹ˲һա
Ҷظҿ϶һȺаҪռ⴦Ϲżڿ϶û뿪Ѱǵ䣬Ͼɱ
ڲ뿪޵ģֱͶ
ֻߣⱻа޷֡ʱˣаи֮󣬲취뿪졣
Ѫԭž
ޱߵĻԭϣָ޺Уǣܣߵȵȡ
Ҷءʸ˵ٶȲ죬ײϸȺӸ޻Χļ϶
ż䵥ĸޣҶҲսپһսߣ⾪ޣҪѪսġ
Ѫս޷κջ
ЩޣƤëצȲԭϣѾöҲմȾʬ졣
ͨߣ޷øϵԭϡ
ֻйʿ޶ȵЩޣƸĹϵáȡ
ҶȻͨҲרźķѾȥоЩ
⵺ĸޣ⵺ϵĹʿ֪ʲôϵҪйʿԶȸѲĶࡣ
Ҷɻ
ҡҡͷͷԺȴǻ֮ȥ
Ѫԭһ·ϣ˸֮⡣ҶҲּٵѪɫݣɺ죬߶綾ޱȣ˾η
Ҷȴ⾪ϲ
ѪЩݵ²ȸ޲ڻӵݣо綾ĹЧ
ȲժպоƱٶͶ
ʱ֮ҶغͻʸɵѪԭУԼԼǰһƬʵΡɽ


506 ɽ
ԽӽɽԽ
ҶغͻʸԤϵǣΡɽϣѪϡŨңκθɽû
ޣҲܲŨҵĹǳƬʬγɵʴҪѪǿʮ
ڹУǾͲǸޣˡ
ʿҲȫתͷάֻ֣ǿֵʴ
ɽôມǣ
ҶĿɨɽһ
ɽɽɽţɽҰĿ֮Ȼһɵĺǡ
ҶؾǣΡɽϣȻϡϡε
Щãͣ͡Ŀĵε꿦ꡱ죬²ǣзĹ⡣
ҶҰڵЩãһЩͼ޺ǣγɵĵͽסнãֻ൱ںʿʵ
ɽĹŨӦǵĽˡɽϵĺǣ²֪϶ޣܶѻɡ
ʸ̧ͷɽȥ֮٣ɾ̾棬ɽϵãΪʲôǻԼ߶ûԪǼҵĸǲͬڰ
󷨡мأһķϵܷ
ɽáһγɵãӵбܡһ֣ǹƳɵá
ãܹĿεűжܹʬ仺Ʒס
ʿùǣƳÿܣսõĹ̫󣬵ÿܺķѵĳɱͣѱ޻áЩƳòʶɲٿ߽вݡٿ߲вݵĻһǲԼġ
ҪһǣΪһֹϵܡûʶҲԪ˵ܹһֱڣֱǸࡣ
Ҷһ£Ц˵
й޵ԪڵռõܳΪʿ޵ԪռõǾͳ
ʱȻͬǲǷʿԪܹλɳ졣ԪľԪڵԪ⣬һҪ
ЩɽߵģӦáôγɵģȴ֪
Ҷ˵ţҡҡͷ
Ȼо󷨡Ƕõ˽⣬ҲΪޡ
ɽܿ
Ϊɽϴ඼Щͽλãɢ£Ҷءʸʿ˵ûжΣա
˻ΪӰ˼ɣֱɽȥ
·ͼãᡱҶءʸ˵Ϣĳ˹
쬣
Ҷǰ濪·Ҳƣ˦ͨɽЩö
Щĵͽãʱɽžһǣľڵһ飬ҲļУһ˲䱻ɽͷŵ棬Ϊ̳õڵϣû˶
ף
ҶڷɿнȻͣ¡
ǰɽ崦֮УԼмҵĴէէֵķɽ⻪
ʿڴ򶷣֪ǵѣ
Ҷüͷһ塣
޵һȺʮʿУн顢֣ɻԡֶȵнĵѣҲвܴʿȻа޵ĵˡ
ߣǰȿнĵѣԳһ֮ǵˣȻҪ֣ûɱ󻼣
Ҷص˾
յľ޵ڣÿһͬѣÿһˣͶһֻȥ򵥵ĵ᲻ף
ȻˣʶʿȻˡ
ţ
ʸ漴ͣ£̵ͷ֣⣬ҶС
˵ϣѸٳǴĵطȥ
һСҶءʸվһεʯϣӸ·򶷴
˲һۡ
ȻʶʿڹŴݵύͬһżѰҹűΪֻнڵֶˡ
ֶˣ⵽ȺõΧ
Ⱥãİپ֮࣬ͷƤ顣
ãǴ඼塢׵ãʵǿ
Ǵ󲿷ֶãֳֹǵǽǹǼǹֶ˰ΧһʮСɽǴ
ÿһãкòϿλֶӳȥĻᡣ
ЩãԲɢ£ǳȺӣ׵ľһ㣬·һһĹûм϶
ǵʵʿķɽһ
ǳȺӣγһ壬ȴɲʱ쳣º׺
ṇ̀뿳䣬飬һһĹֶ˸ƺ޷֮ȫֿ
޷УֶӳذΧȦ
Щסףֻʵãô
ʸ״𾪡
Ҳδо԰գܴȺõΧɱ
Щã϶йڲٿЩã򲻿·Ҷ΢΢ɫĿɿɨȺһȺҳǲٿõĹʿ
ҶصĿɨսϣһֳһô󵶣ź۵Ŀãʱһݡ
սΨһһۣҲΨһڹսá
ʱƺҲʲôȻ̧ͷԶҶվʯһӲӣۿһĺڵĹâ

˵ʸҲûо԰ճɱĻ
ôֶ˱ʵֵȺõΧԵʮǿ
˿̵ֶȺõķ£Ѿ¶
Ƕˣٿ׷ɽסǵسɱֵĹǼͼñΧͻΧȥ
ЩʿĹ򵥡
ǵ뿳
ṇ̀
Ǽ䣡
򵥵ĹһϰٵĻȴԵ쳣¡
ֶ˲ٿ׷ɽļƴһʮñ߱һֹǼæˣҲΪ̣˻ԭء
Щñɽñ϶
Ǻһֳô󵶣һֻӳʮɫ
Щɢڵصĺǣ̱Ǻɫľ£»ָһ߾ߵãվֶɱȥ
ɱñʼûд٣ֶȴϵġ
Ƕ˵ңʱðϮ
ֶҪӦΧĹ͹ǼҪӦ޴ڵͻϮǱ
ֶп಻ɥʧͻΧģʱۼߣȻ⿴˳ڲԶһʯϵҶط򸾡
߿֪Ҷءʸ򸾶˵ʵԶֶ˲֪ٱ
Ҷ֣Ҷˣ̫ˣֶ
Ҷ֣
ֶˣޱȣϲ֮£ȡ
žž
һĹǼвٴ׷ɽĵֵֶĻϣǵĻһ𶯣ŵæʮ־Ӧԣٷ
ҪԮͷȴּ䣬Ǿ̫ԩˡ
𵤳ڹʿ⴦ϹżȻйʿ̾ᣡ
ҶصעʱѾȫֶϣĿĶǺá


507 
ǺĿվڸߴҶغͻʸܵвĺͻȻ롱һҵʬں
ֻǽ𵤳ڵùޣٿİپÿܣֶܰʿȫѹסѾļˡ
ʵϣûȥԸҶغͻʸʿʿȻһʵǼǿͨʿҲǿûߡ
һҶءʸ֣һ𵤳ڹޣͬʱԿʿΨһѡֻѸߣܱס
һ㣬ֻףҶҲһۿˡ
ֶˣҲ֪Լоȣϲ֣С
ʲôˣ⵺ĹʿһδɱʿҪϣҲţ
ҶĿεĶסǺãûмڳ֣Ц
ߣ󡣴˵˵ĵ̣Щʿôһ޼ɵɱҹĸѾû뵽ǾȻҷԽɽ򣬸·һ
ǺõĹһô󵶣ƺ˿ҶأĹĥɰ
ϵĸģ˭
Ҷпһ£۾
޵˽⣬ʿ˵˵ǻżвٹ̾ᣬϹűڣһŲ֪
ڼùޣҲ֤ʿĻ١
ùܲٿپΧ϶ˣʵɼһߡ
˵ˣ⵺˻Ľ𵤼ūͣ˵ʵʮֲֿ
˵Ǽʿ֪ò˳֣ҳܰɱǵ꣬ռ尾
÷
Ҷؼײ鱨ҲڳԵĺٷϻȥ
ſڣһҫ۽âҫ⽣Žâ˲ǳʮɴСƿعá
һâ֪ҵһ֣ڹŨʬ˲ӿΪһʮɾ޴ùͷſҧǼĽҫ⽣
Ϊһ̣ɽһȥ
Ҷߡ
ӣôô
ҫ⽣׺ޱȵĴùͷĴ֮С
ùͷһҧס𽣣𽣸ʴ
ǽ𽣱ɽâԵޱȣԶһɽɱȣһѸ١ڡڹͷʬΪ̣ùͷҽбΣΪһɢȥ
âһٻùͷ׷
أ
üâ׷޷ܣֽһϺڹⱩֽץô󵶣һŨīʬҫ⽣˹ȥ
䣡
ɿֲľײһ
꣡
ô󵶣ѡ
ô󾪣׹󵶣ķʮѪƳɵġȻʿķɽһ˲١
ҫ⽣ҲһļµУɳȥ
ù˲ϧǱڽҫ⽣ɵͬʱȫɽԶȥ
Ҷزٿؽҫ⽣ڿһۣٶ׷Ѿ˺õӰҪڹҵùޣ׵顣
Ҷջؽҫ⽣źݵķĬȻ
ʱǰո޲ܹʹ÷ʱֻʹһԪùޣܴѡ
ҶصĿǰֶ£ǺùޣɱɱҪ
ʧȥ˺õָӿƣİپ໥ӵʱ£໥ţս½
ʸʱѾٿرԪɽ˹ȥɱپС
սϣ桢˪ݺᣬǼҷɣ֮
ʸʮСɽɵıǴΧɱˣԸȺĵͽ׵ˣЧ
Ǻ⽣ıϢ˲Ϣⲻã䲻ҲǶ޷ж״ű͡
ӿ棬ÿУǵĺǳ׷ٻ٣ɼ˺
̶̵һ棬ñ󣬾ͱɱһȱڡ
ЩʵñİپߣҪɾȴҲǼ׵¡
һĹֶ˲ŴΧгɱ˳йƵؽȺÿܣɱ˸ɾŰݡ

лҶ֣Ҷ˳ȣҪλֶ˽տҪɥˡǲʵãζҶֳȣǷĶ飬µʵȴǲ֪γպҶвǲһ£౨
һѪս֮˷ɽҶظǰĲ
ֶˣ뱨飬Ҳ֪ô𡣱ϾҶصʵǸòǱ
޷պ˵
ҶصȻҲûָǶ˱ֻҡҡͷƽʵˣǶˣôɽǶӦÿóɽŨң쳣Ƕ˵ʵ²׹ȥΪʲôҪɽ
ŶҶ֣ô£æ͵ֶ˸Ѫʱ򣬱ӵѵϡӵֶ˽һȥѰҵڵϹűһ룬Ǳ˵ѰһȻˡֶˣ˴Ѫԭغǵɽֶ˵ʵҲԵִ˵ء
˵ʿǴҲڴ˵أôǵӰ
Ҷسɽȥûмκ춯֡
Ҳû뵽ֶǺʿһ
ӵѴӣ㷭Խɽû𵤼Ĺޣתۼ㱻ӿȺɢˡ
ߴʱȴǿЦҡͷһĽ𵤳ڹޣΧɱֶˡ⻹ڹޣΧʿˣȺʵԶֶߡӵ˲ԴУһʱ֮ǰѾɱ˳ȥ𵤹Ҳ׷ɱ˹ȥֶʵ̫ȴһֱǽ𵤹޸޷ֱҶֳ֣Ƕ˾¡
Ҷľһ£ֵɿĸɱȥģ
ɫЩΪѵӵ֮ǰҿһֻƵĵͼᣬ·Ŀĵأʮ˵ΣյĻҸԷͷɱȥصϡ֪Ǹߵġֻǣ֪ΣûбڵĹɱҶ֣㿴ô죿ҪҪȥǣ
ߴʱѾԼʵҪҵһʾ޶ƻǸոգֵΣգ
мìܡ
ȨҶϡ
϶˵øҶأлĻᣬҲ˵Ҷ
Ҷԣɳ
ʿûʲô⣬ҲûжٺøС
˵ףʿڹŴݵļʿֻ༸ڻҶѣԱȡϹű
Ǹ߽ʿñֶΡ
ҶصĹƣʿûдֶһͻΧȥҲ϶ʵ̫ڻҵľٶ
޵Σķ༸𵤺ڵͬѰԱҪȫࡣӵ˶ǽ𵤰˽ס߽ʿʵǿڴ˵Ա֣Լٲ
ʸʱͻȻѵ
ţȰҵ˵ɡңӵеͼᣬᳵ·ܾҵ˵ϹűλáܱäĿȥңҪࡣ
ҶؼҲ֣ڵͷ
Ͼϣ˲֪ȥĽ顢֣ɻ⣬Ҳֻкʿ˻Ժһѡ
ͬʱҶҲЦ
ѰϹű϶Ҫڻҡ
˭ڻң˵׼
ҶصľȻеǣӲͷƤҶصɽȥϣҵһʱǰͻΧȥʿһ


508 òٿ
߿ʿƵĵͼ֪ʿ˵߷·ѰĿģкܴĻ·ҵʿˡ
ҶءʸֶʿںɽĹм˴Լʱܿ;ĴεãСĽԽɽ
ͻȻԶŨŨ֮УҵĶը͸ɫâ͸ԶӰӣΧʲôˡ
ãһȺù
ͷ·߼ԶĴȺӰӣζʱͣˣҿȥ
֪ȺĿ֮
ÿһãǿ󣬺ױܻǹʿ֮䣬ʩչôݹǻΪһ߾ߵãӵվ
ڹ޵Ĳٿ֮£ЩóȺӣɱʤɱȺ¡
߼æҶؿȥҶ֣ǰӦӵ⵽ΧҲֻǻ·߹Σڴ˵أȺΧΧס޷һڵĹʿ֡ô죿
ҶĿ侲Զսһ˼
ǹȥܾȣϹż𵤺ڵͬʿ༸ԱʵǼʵ̫ǿʵھȲ˵Ļ㡣
֪ǰսңҲɣԼĻּӳ˷ֿطɽΪһӰըķ򼲱
ʸ漴ϡ
ֶˣһۣθϡ
˲䣬ҶغͻʸֶȽʿս
ʱսϵΣҶþսʿҲ𾪡
ǰһƽϵ͵ĺǵ𣬺ѹѹһƬɽҰáͽʬá֮࣬һǧ֮ڡ
Щ󲿷۷Ŀܣ൱ŲʿʵΧֶ˵ʵǿ
ϱɿǻĺǡʬڼӲÿһ߶ɢź
Уʮ߽öӳ𵤳ʵԱôһֳ־͹Ƕܣž޴Ĺǽÿնһʬ˵ĺâΧȦڵʿ
˴֮⣬ΪٵĽʬ
ЩʬҲʿںڸɿݵƤڹϣëĳצѪɫĻͫɭ׵ֲ֮
ЩëʬҲ۷ģǱȴ󲿷øѸ͡ǿץס̹С̹ǲ棬еɴͽֻΪצץΧȦڵʿ
⣬жپߵ͵ãá֩뽩ʬõȵȡ󲿷׵ģҲ߽ס
һƬǧáʬʿΧ˸ˮйͨ
Ҷһ۱ϳʿȻʿˡ
ЩܣӰˣʲô඼С
ǣǵĹȴ˿ҲңɭȻжȣÿһ߶λʿ˷һһ͹
һ߽𵤼֩뽩ʬۡһź˿γһž˿ǵسʿֹȥ
֮漴˺
һһԾס֩뽩ʬµȱڡ
˲䱻ʿķɽ顣
תۣһͷ߽ãѾŭ˹ȥһصĻƺɫף˵ǿ
׵ܱɽ飬֩Ѿһź˿ٶȼǰȥһ˳ȥú˿ʿסǵĻΧ
Χǧߵù֡ǹ֣Ǽǹ˷ѹסʿˣӦ
ʿףʿʿˣΪʵǿĽ𵤺ʿӵԪȻʮ߽סһǧ׿ܵǿϹѹ£޷ѳȥ
ҶؿһĻɫȴԾ
ӴĹȺɱûйʿľٿأǾ޿ϵزҪ˾׼ĲٿһǧáʬÿһõĶʶ뼫ΪǿС
ͨʿͬʱٿʮɽйѾǲס
ٿʮɽʿΪ
ܲٿϰٿڷɽʶǾˡ
ͬʱǧڷɽйǾǾף𶯶ɽ磬׵ʿ
ҶĿɨսһ۱㿴
ãԼһ۽ʬǹʿվɽҰȺڣĲȺáʬʿ˷Χ
ʿܲٿһǧپýʬÿҲٲٿپ֮ࡣ̶ֳȣҶظе𾪡
֮ǰǸʿʶǿ󣬿˵ޣʶҲǿʿʶձǿĪʿ䣬Ϊ֮󣬽Ԫʶ᲻ǿ
Ҷһһͷ
Ȼֵ뷨ֻһעܿ챻սϼҵɱ

֣취Сڷʣ࣬Ųסˣ֪Ͳ̫϶ˡڣҲֵܷһѹ
ʿ֧ţѪɫޱȡ
ٿصĺ뷨޴󣬻ΪһٵĺâĹΧãһһߵá
֮䣬뷨ʮá
ʮãڶһǧپӴȺ˵΢һСѡ
ɺ޵ǣЩĺǣתۼֱԶʿһתΪãΧˡ
ƲȺΧ£ȥɱԶǼʿȴ롣
ʿвӿֳһУƺɱȥֹһЯ˴ơʯҲ֧ŷĿġ
һ뵽ҪɥȺõУ֮ҲܳΪɽϵһãļҪ
߾
ʿɫǺ죬ǿбһԼԪһԪԭѾâ߱ɡٶȹ⻪ǣ磬ȫסס˷ĹǼǹ
߱ɡһҫĿâѲϱƽȺƳʮ֮⡣
ʱڣЩǲܹ߱ɡ
糢ԹȥɱǼʿôҲͽ͡ǳԶǼʿ˶ԶһƬȺãҲ֮Ǽ޵ı߶մ
ʿѹԼһдޣŭЩ飬Ҳֻһ֡Ҫ⵺ûн󷨣ӷɹȥٶãҲһٱɱǣݵ񣡡
Ǽ̫ƻˡʱ֮ǰͼǣܿ챻ˣһΪǷ˹û뵽ǾȻʩٳãΧǡ
ףʿٿźɷȣɺ۾˺ҧһͷ𵤼ÿܶӳ
ľګϣԵܻ
Ĳǣ򵥵ֱܴ衣
ɱǣȴ룡ϷǼ޻Ͽ塣Ƕֻнڵʵܱǽ𵤺ʿۺ񣡿ңǻƿֲģǿûУ
ˣףʿҲûеס
һ˵̽ѰɽʱֻһЩɢ£ûǿĽ𵤹ޡ
˭֪᲻иĹʿ֡


509 
ҶغͻʸڰδóȻ֡
սϵľ棬Σգʵ˫һֱڽ֡
ʿḻѰʿ֪⴦Ϲżй֮ǰгֵ׼Яƹ֡Ѫεķ鵤ԼʯɢʬΣǵв
ֻЩãʬۻ෨ĽʬȺκδϢĻᣬÿһǿͻΧѹ˻
ȻˣȺҪ𵤺ʿԪɵǿҲǼѡ
˫ֲֻܽ£޴ķģʿ˴гԲ
ǼʿʼûսҲʼԵýǡ
ٿýʬսĹʿʿˣ໥սûҶؼ˵ĵ
Ҷع۲սһС󣬳һԵĻʸֶˣ侲ĳ𵤳ڵĹʿʮ߽𵤿ܣһǧپ۷úͽʬ
һҲСʿʵҲϵİȡʤ
úͽʬ̫࣬ɱʤɱӲӲĻҪСĴۡҪӵˣֱɱʿС
ţ
ʸͷͬ˵ֱӶʿ֣ɱǣȺҲˡֻǣǶڳȺáʬУҪɱҲסʲô취ɱǣ
Ҷ΢˼Ƭ̣תͷ˵ѣҪǶλһС
ߺʿӣ¶ЩηɫȺʵ֮ǰΧǵĻǿܲ塣
ԥһº󣬿Ц
ҪӵλḻʵۺʿǼҪڴ˵ѰҲϼѡֻҪܾӵˣֶ˾ƴǡ
ҶҲ֪֮ǰǳѪսֶŻָ˲֮һķƴһսҲ˶СµҶֵı
Ҷ֪ʵðգȴҡҡͷολɷġǲغЩáʬֻ̫Ҫλս࣬Ǽʿע⣬չʿٿȺȥ׷ɱǣɢپþˡ
ȥϮɱʿܳɲɹܱٻپýԱһΧӵѵȺضһǧߴΪپߡ
ȺӵӦϣһپͻΧͻΧ֮Χʿ
Ҷһ߶Իʸ˵
ıӦܳɣǾ³⡭
ֶЩԥ
ʸʱȴǶ˵ΧգٶȾܿЩáʬֻҪСĲȺΧʲôΣաһӰΧȦоȳӵˣʤֱ㶨ǼʿҲη塣
ðɣǾͰҶְ죡
֪ҶѶҲѣӦֶӣǱȺĺȻȥ
ҲСģ
ҶЩģʸ
İɣ
ʸһЦһΣ֮С
Ҷ漴Ϣս
СƬֶ̣ͻȻӹ֮г׷ɽ˲ɱʮãȻһߣΪâ֮Уȥá
Ϯáʬʱ΢ɧҡ
۹ʿҲ̲סֶȥ
סǣ֮ǰûɱǣǾȻ뺡ɽ
еһݺ۹ʿһֶʱ˳
ʿʵѵ֮ǰǰǵУǿ涪
һ΢һЩĺ۹ʿЦ
ұɱˣǵȥ߽𵤿ܡͻȻʿһ֮ôܵеĹˣʱˣһʶ뵽㲻ۣȻûбˣɽ
ڴһãȥɵ
ҲãȥɱǣҺͳˡ
ǿĺùʿһ£ͬˡ
̷ֳãȥ׷ɱ϶ˡ
ʱ䣬ҵúͽʬ»ָ򣬸ս
𵤹ʿٿΧʿˡ
ҵȷ֮ѲӺɽǣһƽ֪ΪΣǰͻȻѵΧѪɢһ֣¶˹ʿĿӡʮ죬ڹϵĶʿҲɭ˵ΪʲôɴЩĶʿɱˣǽ뵺ڣһȴֽҵѲӺɽֹǿǣǶһ٣ҹޣ㳲жʿ벽
һ۽ʬʿ԰׵ݽӲɱ񣬳ĺ촽ŻǵѪͫɨΧĹ
סڣͨͨ쳹أӴĻ־ҵȲԲ²⡣ҵȶŵԴֻ±ǡ
ɭɫһȣȻ˳ôʿܿҲ֡Сǵ͵Ϯ
ߣʿҳ赹뿴жʵ
۽ʬޣΪȻ

϶Ϊʲôʱ֮ǰǱȺΧǶ˵ʵô
˲ôˣɱȥ˵
ʿΧ֮У޷Ȼֶ˳֣ʱϲ
һƲ϶˵ʵȴ˾ݡ
⺡ɽ϶ʿʵҲܸǾ޴İһС򣬾پù֡ǹ֣ǳܵĹѹ

ҶڹΣǱУ侲ĵȴŻᡣ
ҲϢſڵϣڵ۶˸ź˵âڴѵĺ֮УҲõע⡣
ֱپãǰȥ׷϶ˣԶԶ뿪޷̻Ԯʣ޵ʱ
ˣ
Ҷؿ׼ʱͻȻ֣ǱεĹǶУ
ҫ⽣ȫ߶֮£˲䱩ǣһޱȵĽâ˲˺ɵĹԲ֮ڣһƬҫĿâ֣ڽâ֮Ѹڡ
һ˺ѿռġâúͽʬȺ֮Уֱɱùޡ
䣡
Χʮãһ֮䱻𽣴򱬣Ƭĵ¡
ߴŽʵĸҲ˹ȥ޿ҧβͿ˦գۼʮ׵øĺɳȥ
ãˣȻܻܳҳƣж
۽ʬĿкâһͻȻӺɿīڵ֣һֻʮɵľ޴֣̺ɫ棬ץâȻޱȡ
𣡡
ֻ֣ʬ죬һץâȻѽâץס
ֻ֣Ҳ֪ʲôɵģ͵˼㡣
нԪޱȵĽ𽣣ĽâȻҲնֻ֡
ֵֻƷףѾǸ߽Ԫ
ͷų̺ɫʬ棬ѸŽ𽣷ĽâֱƷɽһʬմȾϷɽԪ⵽ۻ࣬Ʒ״޿ɱ⡣
µԪ˶ѣҵҲκβˡ
۽ʬɿЦ
һӣȺáʬҶ˹ȥ
ҶƵ˵
ҪոȬ붯ôн󣬹Ⱥ÷ݵ⽩ʬ󷢲
ҶؼȺ˹üͷһ壬ˣĳһʮн׻ϵϵϵΪסʯ绡նáʬܣըĳƬ¡


510 Ϲű
Ҷѣ
죬ȥϣ
ʿһҶسֶ֣Ϊܳʱϲף˴
ֶ˵ʵûκģûָܾɱÿܵΧ
Ҷصʵȴżġ
ԪӤʿΣɱĴڣս֮ǿ֪𵤺ʿʵҪǿϼ֡
ʿ֮£ףˣҲԥĹȫҶڵķɱȥ
ʱҶس֮󣬻ʸҲӹ֮мٿر˫ΪӴı棬ƬĴݻÿܣʿ
ãҪǳˣ
Ϊ׵ù޳ɭʸȺıɫһ䡣
żپãȥ׷ɱֶ
ʬ޳裬ںҶȫ޷Ĳٿá
ֻʣǿٿؽǧÿܣΧʿ𵤺ʿ
ǣһڹ֮ȴǸ޷ʶٿӴáʬȺ
ʶֻܲٿһã֮ÿһηѣԲٿصܷһ
ʶѣԽԽʹࡣ
ʶֻѹŴΣֻܾ׼Ĳٿٶ߿ܡ
ӴáʬȺʧأʱң޷оϣ
ʿ𵤺ʿ֮£ȫٿԪͻΧлʸйƲɵĹʱϡȺݻ˶پߵãǿкһͨ
ڹޣȻҲҰң֪ĳ˵
ʿáʬȺİΧ֮ŭ֮£߱ɡһգΪһ߲ϼ⣬ֱɱٿȺĹ޳ɭ
ףʿʿХһͬٿطɽɷȣ޳ɭ
ԶΪʤˣҸľ棬˵ĵ̡ôð˵ϣ·һ
ɭɫãսѾ޷أڰյһΪһɺ̣ವصĺǶУʧ
ʵûдȺõǣưΧ𵤺ʿĶ֡ҪȺʩʼסʿȴҲ롣
䣡
߱ɡԲɵĺǺãƬȴ޳ɭӰ
ߣӵĵ죡
ʿһֿ߱ɡڳɭʧĵطʶɨ̽ΧûзκϢ
ɭ֮ǰĻɷȻߣս֮УȻҿڳԣдѪɫ֮Ҷʿս֮أʲôʱֵس컯֮½ˣ
֣Щʿ͵̣УҲͰˣǶʿҲûȥǡ
ףʿ֮ʿһ࣬ɫЦ
Ǵ˵صĹ񣬽ŪĹ죬ʬҰҪҶʿŭ֡ȡ·Ҳ趯ŭֻѰͺá

սһߡ
Ҷغ͸ȴںһʬ޳趷
ò˵սҪһĶʿǿ̫ࡣ˵ǿʶòٿĽʬҲǧĹͨĹ˺
Ҷֻһҫ⽣һЩн׷ȫء
ľŽ׸ǿ󣬷ѹסĹƳ衣
Ҷصɫɣһ㶼Ҳûдǿתôн
ƵƵǿץ̺ɫȼգһ鶼мв¡
ϧ¡
ͷŽ
ʬκβҶأӿһС
ɶ񣡻ͷһһɱ㣡
ƳԶɭѾߣȻ֣˫Ŀâպ޵ҶһۡһꡱһΧ֮Уɶݶȥ
ٲߣʿΧɱҲˣɣ״ؼʧ
ҶĿΪ˾ʿˣҲûȤ׷ɱǹޣ˷ɽԭأսս
ʿѾߣЩ𵤼ĿܶѾ֮ɢӣԭʣپ˲ٿصúͽʬֵһᡣ
֮䣬㱻ʸʿˡֶ١
ʿ
лҶѳҪҶѼʱϵĳ˿ҪԴĳ˲ϲǷ飬պһ𣡡
ʿո죬ɱóһڶȻ
Ҷزûⱨ顣
֪ʿȻ˵ⷬȻûٰͽ׵ڻʿͬʵʿǰ˼־ء
Ҫʿ𵤺ڣѪɫ֮ϰѰʿأɲ׵顣
ӵ֣ϵĹޣʲô·㳣Ѫɫ֮Ӧöǵĵϸһ㶼֪ɣ⵺ϵĹޣжǿ
Ҷ˼ܣĻɣͻȻʵ
ɲԶԿǿ
Ѫɫ֮ɱһңвٽʿ֮󣬲׹ֻأתΪ޼СҶԹŴݵ㷶ΧڵĹҲе˽⡣⴦޳ѨȴҲǲǰŸշ֣ûʲô˽⡣
ʿҡҡͷδʲôһ£ֵǵڶ˵Ĺ޶ǽ𵤼ࡣ˵صĹӦòǿǡ
ӵ֣֪޵Уͣ˺ħһѹ޻һֹޣˣ顣ΪĹޣǳȺӣƺη壿
߲ɻ
ÿѪɫ֮ĽʿмСֳΪޡ˺ħ˵ĸ߲㣬æŸʿѪɫ֮пȥЩɱ֮ĹʿĬѪɫ֮Ͼɱ
ʿȴǴЦ
⵺ϵĹʿʵǿԶԸǻҪҪɽȥѰұ
̾һĲҶغʿָø⡣
ȥΪβȥΪѰѾλʮ꽻ͬܰ;ϣ
ʿ쳣ᶨ
ЩʿҲƬɽòٿ֮ܲ񡣹ƬɽһƬƽԭûʲôǣ޷ʱ۳һ߾ߵáûдȺãЩ޵ʵҲûʲô˵ģ
ҵ·Խɽƽԭյִǳء
ʿȡһͼᣬע뷨󣬵ͼϷһõľ
ָһָͼмһǳء
ǡ
Ҷؼ״ɫ֣صĴ⸱ͼ
ϹʿĳǳأƲꡣڽлǣһΣǳصıԵֳбй
ʿ
ӵѣ϶бڵĹʿ֣
Ҷزδţɵ
Ŵݵ㣬ĳҲѰʿҸ˿϶Ȼԭһϰʱ䣬ռ˴һϹսĴǡɵء
ʿΪ԰ȡһöɫ׸ҶعĿ
ĳЩɽļأһϹɴսʱڣ˺ħ˵ʿѪɫ֮ĳصľ޵޽һ⣬Ϊأ˴ʯ鵤սʣ塣⣬дϡ͹ѫ׿Խʿ
ϧڵʻδã⵽ʿĴϮһѪս˫ȫûںһֱ֪ȥ˵λҲȷһɣλãܾܿϡ


511 ԪӤ
Ҷһѽʿһ˿ɻʶѸɨ
һ㹤
ڣǧĴǡ伮Ѹһɨ
Щǡ伮УἰһսʱڣѪɫ֮ĳϽһ˴鵤ԭϡʯı⡣
ּϹű⣬ȷʵڡֻǳս֮ʿͼҳȴһֱҲ
Ҫ֪Ѫɫ֮
ȻԪӤʿҲɶɣĹô󣬽ԶĴ͡
սĵչൺ϶´ս֮ĺۼ
ҪããѪɫ֮緱ǵĵ֮Уҵôһ죬ҵ޽ı⣬Ǽѵ顣
ڵĴǡ伮иݣҪôǴɼдҪôǶʿ׫Ǽٵġ
Ϊ棬ҶطԽɡ
ʿҲܻľȥαڶĴ͡伮
ǣʿΪʲôҪ鱨֪Ѵ˴ѰĿ꣬ˣ
ɲһḻѰʿ顣
ѰʿǾϽ鱦ʿӺᡣ
Ҷؽ򣬽ʸԼֶ˹Ŀ
ãʸֶ˿꣬Ҳɻ󣬼Ŀʿ
Ҷѣ϶ǻɣΪʲôҪϹű͸¶ǣǷʲôɸ˵Ŀģ
ʿǵɫƺ˵˼ͲɣЦλˡѪɫ֮Ϲżֻеһѡ
ңϹűĴڣʲôܣֻĳ˲֪ܡ
Ѫɫ֮кܶѰʿ֪ϹűĴڣǧټƵѰϹű䣬ͼһʺơ
ĳ˽Ѫɫ֮Ҳϰ֮ãѼ˴Ĵ͵伮ϧûͷ治ڣ
ֱǰЩӣżȻ޵ϵѪϡðս˵ͻȻ׹˵еϹű⣬ܾܿϡ
˵Դϴս֮Ѫ쳣ŨңӴѪڵûʿҵǵ
ֱǰЩʱѪ治֪ʲôԭ뵺ȥѪϡ⸽ѰżȻ䷢״Ÿҵϵ̽ϵ
ʿһ˵ԼƲ⣬һ£޴ı⣬ʿֻ̣֮ҪܴӱڣõϹű鵤ǶԭϣѾ㡣ռ֡ҵ֣ܵõıࡣ
Ҷؿûбʿڲˣüͷӵϴ˵Ѱʧ𵤺ʵͬɼ˵ޱȡֻΪ˵õű鵤ϣǲţӵѵҲƻزҲȱ⼸ű鵤Ҳ㹻֮áϹűڣʲôƷǵ־ڱص֮
ʿҶ⻰ϵЦ⣬Ĭ
û㹻桢ر˭ȥðһΣգ
𵤺ΪڶɽԪӤʿ֮⣬߲㼶ʿˡʲôҲڶɹɼԸ⹩ţṩѵʯ鵤
гߵĵλ֮ū͹ʹðκηգĹֻӻ
ǣЩ𵤺ʿΪʲôѪɫ֮ϧһ̽Ѱյأ
Ϊ̫꣬ˣ
Ҫǧ꣬ȥһУ
ԪӤ
ûҶص˵̫ãʿ˵һ֮ɫĴ𰸡
ףʿʿصĵ˵ͷȻ֪
ԪӤ
𰸣Ҷغͻʸʧ
˵һֱȣԪò𣬸ûΪԪӤʿˡǴûлõԪӤ
Ƕʱ˵Ϣ̼Ļ΢΢ơ
ԪӤԪӤɲʲôǧʯڷ򵽵鵤ÿһöԪӤʿѪ
ԪӤ
ʿһһٵ˵쳣ĸӡ
˵ý𵤺ʿͻƽΪԪӤֵ㹻öĽʿΪ֮ಫ
ڲٴǵ伮֮Уⷽļءǰɽ˺ħ˵ĸ߲㣬Ϊ˼ʿս׿ԽĽʿص׼ԪӤֽƷϹű֮Уδüá
ʿҶأЦҶѣа޲ʿ˵ǶϽĳϡǣݣҪϽõһöԪӤҲøۣ͹ײС˵Ӧòɡ
ʿ˵ֶ꣬Щӡ
ֶλ޸޵׵ͨʿ£ҪõԪӤ붼Ҫ롭ǣһҵϹű⣬ôõԪӤͲǽǰ顣
ҶصȻ֪õԪӤѶȡ
ͨظţģϽŻϽŵһŵҪΪԪӤʿϽӣҲֻܸһöԪӤƸޱȵԪӤ
һöԪӤɹʲߣ޷֤һԪӤܲܳɣ⻹Ҫʵˡ˲ѣʮööԪӤҲһûָ
οбҪǡ
ûлԪӤЩ뿼ǽȥ
Ҷѹͷ𾪣֮ǰϹűⲻΪ飬Ŀʿбαһ߷ɿ㡣
ԼͱΪǽ㡣չȥʮ꣬𵤾Ų۷壬ƿ޷ǿʵ
ʮĹ˵ݼšʣµʱ䣬ȫѰԪӤԼ׼ɴķԭϡ
ԪľҲԪӤͻԪӤƿǾֻš
ԣ뾡׼ԪӤ͸ֶɽٷʱŲִټ޷ͻƣɽʧܣɣ
ٵΪѰһöԪӤУ
Ҷа
ʸɴµı˫ҲҶһ£촽ҧűݣ֪ڿʲô
ߵʿȻ˵𾪷ӦһЦ󣬽˵ȻѾ˵ˣҶѼλҲеˡ
ҵԼȥѰЩϡޱȵʮҩģٸСۣʦԪӤ̸ףܴӱУȡֳɵԪӤʡİ취ⱦڵԪӤսбֳɫĽʿãӦò٣㹻ÿ˷ֵһöࡣ
λ˵ΪԪӤֵֵȥðգ
ʿ䡣
æŴȡһöԪӤֶԪӤʯҲ㹻ϼ壬ʢˣ
ĿܴԪӤȷʵֵðգ
ҶҲ侲˵
ӵѵıͷḻѰ飬ҪǶѰϹűû൱İգҲ˹աȻӵѾⱦ˵ϸٳɲδҲ˵ȥ


512 
ʿһ£ɫڻΪǷ硣
ʿջصͼ򣬵ȻλģȥѰϹűԪӤǾ·ɡ⺡ɽ˾ʿ
ǰȥҪ뵺вĹγһӴĹԻ󣬱⺡ɽռ֡
˵ԻʿҲ
ڹԻڣҪȫת֣ĴһʿĹӰ죬ҵʿʵҪһɡͬʱڴȴˮʵһɡ˳֮£Щͬ׵Ľ𵤹ޣʵӾˣ
ƬĹڣûиޡãȴͬµꡢ顣Щ飬ȥ٣һԻ󡢹ʿ־ᶨʿһڹʧԮ׶༪٣³ңǱԪռԽ֮һ·ңҪԵжⲻ⡣
ʿֶⷬ˲ӣɫ԰ף˸
һ룬ǺôҲǽʿȻʵǿҲڱֻҪʿҶصˣ̫Σա
ӵѷģ
ֶҲûԥͷǡ
ʿ˵Ķ˵ˣô򾯸ֶһתͷҶأ֪Ҷʲô˵
Ҷʼպޱ飬ɫ侲һɲģ
ʿ֪ҶصʵҪǿ࣬ҲȻö˵ʲôǰ·СǰС
ڵɽеĹޣʿҶһʿȻСĽٶ˿ҷΪߵٵӰںɽ֮С
ڣһ·ϳε֮⣬δޡ
ʱʿڷԽ˺ɽķΧһƬŨµƽԭ
˹Ի󣿣
Ҷаû֣ļӾ֮Ҫ͸֣ķΣת͡
΢ͣӵսҪһɡ
֮ǰʿѾѹҶز⡣
еΣȴҶЩ졣
Щƺӿ
̵Ĺڹ˸Եøӹ졣
ͻȻмĹХȻҡ
ΧڣʮƵĺ֮ð棬צƶ
Ƕ飬Сģ÷Ҫֱ˼Ԫ񣡡
ʿһȣ׼һģһн״Լϡ
ʱһһĽɫ䣬ЩһҫĿĹâסʮɷΧ
ЩͼΧĶ飬ɫâҫʱҽУڡȼûбƽʮɣ㻯Ϊ̻ҽɢȥ
ڽʿһȻЩ飬Ҳҵģ׷׽ڹŴݵĸԵаȵȣϡ
һʱ䣬ֽ𡢺졢âţ֡顢޷ֺڵĹХ֮Ҳ޷ٶҡǵ
ʿҶصһСʿһʵǷͬСɡټ׼Я˴רſЩ꣬ĶҲκǲˡ
Ϊҽ֪֮ұƽֻԶĹֵĸţȡ
һ·δ߽飬Ѫƽԭñ㱻һƬŵĺˮסȥ·
ۻ࣬ƯŲٺǡٵͽ׵Ļ꣬ŹںĿĵƮ
ôۼôͽĻꣿ
ҶϣƮ͸Ļ꣬ü
Щͼ۵Ļ꣬󲿷Ǻޡ㡢ߵ̬󲿷ֱȵͽʿԪ񣬻һĹâҫ㳹׻̶û¡
˵Ļ׹ֻأת꣬ȴ棬Ϊβ׹ֻأ
̲סͷƤЩ飬˵
˺߽׹ʿڱĻһֶΡ˺ĻʹƮĻ꽥̣ɢңӵд˺ԱĻ겻ɢ
ʿƳһۣЩߵĹªš
ҵҲԽĻ겻ɢ׹ֻأ
߳Ծ
ߣΪÿճȡĻ꣬ƸĹΪǺģꣿ
ʿ˵꣬Ĭһ£ƺʲô˵ңĻҲʱģĻԪһ绹Ҫɢ״ؼʧɽ磬ûκԵֵֻ֮ǽڤӣ
ڤӣ˵еڤʲôϵ
߾
Ϲɵ䣬мءصڤ½صףһ޴Ѳ֪ﳤڤӣƮڤ֮ϣȴתֻأֻڤӣܹĻ겻𡣡
ʿҡҡͷЦ
ȻֻɽϹŴ˵˭Ҳ֪١ʮɽ磬ǿмܴﵽ
øڤӵƣǱڤС̫̫࣬ЧҲ϶Զ紫˵еڤ֮һܹʱĻ꣬Ѿǲ˵Χ޵Ļ꣬Ǳŷ׷׾ۼ
Щ޵Ļ꣬ĿģһĹ羵Ʈȥ
мĶ飬Զ׷Ļ꣬岻ʵ͡
󲿷ֵĻ꣬顢һ㣬
ҶػͷҲٵЩ飬ĺ棬ɵ˵нմ޷ӿԽ档֪ӵʲô׼ɹ
ƽʱĵһɼ⡣ڲͬˣ÷ֻмʿЯ֮ķɹޱߵĺҶϲûбĶɺ
ˮۻޱȣҲմȾϡ
صģҵϴһӣú촬ɹ
ʿа취ǺһЦףʿһۡ
һֱĬףʿʱų֣÷£޺ǣúں𣬽ЩΪһ㹻ʿĴªǴ
˴ʱǴк΢΢һȻȶ
ʱƴյĹ̸ƷʶãҲ㹻ɺ֮á

Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ףʿһۡ
ףʿҲ֮ͨҲܴʲôڶɽ磬ֹʿټ
ɺѾˡ
У޷Уƽظա
ʿҶһнʿʮ־ֳַɽСܹܳû顣
ֶˣȫƶǴǰС
İĹУһ޼ʵԵøš
Ĵ߶£Ǵƿ㲨ˣкƯĸʬĺ洩С
ԽģԽˡ


513 
֮ʿں֮䶳
ЩСʿ˵ֻǸе˵ĺ䣬תû̫ķ
Ѫԭѱ֮ĸޡǧﳤĺɽɽҰáʬǱڶꡢ顣Ǿۼ֮Ļ顣˵ĹޣİѪɫ֮ľ޵һںĹ򣡣
Ҷ޵֮¶ǵǣ֪Ĺޣ
ҶԲĴֱʣ޵Ϊ򣬾ǽڹҲԪӤϵĹޣ
ʿСˮµҶⷬɫ֮ǰҵǼޣԳһλ¡޵ϵһв𣬶λıģǹٻ꣬ʱ䣬ѪԭɽһУùѹסǺʵѳҵķ롭ȥǣ׶༪٣ҪϹűܴܾ⵺ϵĹڣҲԸأϴλͬβ֪ܲȫˡ
׶༪٣⵹δأ
ףʿľȻϣһתͻȻ˵
Ŷ˻˵
ʿ
˵һλԪӤڵĹ档ڵΪ磬˵½£˭ҲԽ˵ڣǿʵĹޡûͬ⣬أ
ǣλδռݴ˵йע⡣
һҵȽ뵺̽ѰĽʿ뿪ģͬҲ١
ڴ˵ɥʿҲɥڸޡáȵ֣֮ǱλɱЩʿҪԹҲֻԹʵ̫
֤λûԽ뵺ڵĽʿϾɱ򣬹ʿ̽˵ֻ跢ϵĹԻҵȽʿһҲӳȥ
ҵʿڴ˵̽ѰΪΣ
ʿ
ʲôȴ²Ǻ˼ҵѰʿԴȣ
ףʿҡҡͷ
ôֻ࣬Ҫֹ̽ѰǾǵıλ˽Ѿ˶ɽĴɣ˺ħ˵ĸ߲㲻Ӳ֡òȥģ
ʿ벻Ȼɴ಻ȥ롣
ԪӤޣǸ㼶ܽӴͿġ˺ħ˵ͷ߲㣬ɹԪӤʿȥͷۡ
ңԪӤڹޣʿԳֶԸǵĿԼС𵤹޳ֵĻҲδκεǡ
пգʵҲδĻᶪ
ҶĬȻ
ǰȥ
ƬǾ޵ںΧСγԲ²½ǧ
˲֪ãǴϵʿ˶԰
һΡľ޴ǳأڵ֮ϡ
ӴĳǳںɫԼ¶
ԶԶȥЩǵľʯÿһ鶼ƺǴСɽиʹԶľ룬Ҳܸܵǳصİơ
ǣ
ʿĿĶԶĳǳأ˵ķȻ
һεֵ˳ǣϹ޽ĳǳأڳգͬ˻صŴݵ㡣μۣ˵أľȻ֮
ҶصȻûⷬп
룬ǴѾƿعͣߡ
Ҷһˣ׷봬Ծϰ
ҹǴΪ˱ⱻ˷֣ҲƫƧ֮ȷ뵺ʱá
֮ϣѾصĹֻǵĿݺľͺɫݡڴ˵Щǹľݡ
ʿҶһϰĺߣǻв̵ľ롣
Ƕȥδ߶Զ㿴ǰڻ谵Ĺмҫۡ
ڳ⶷ȻʿǸȵǣĪѰʿˣҪҪȥһ֮
ʿȵ
Ѫɫ֮вپḻѰʿǻǼȻҵǻҲϡ档
ףʿȴЦǶ˫Ƿɽ֮෨²ޣѰʿ֮ڶҲ֪ʲôȻſڴ
ѰʿڶǻƵѰ鷳
ȻԸ¶ˣæ
Ҷѣ㿴Σ
ʿȴûߣƳһҶء
Ƿⳡף⡣ȻҪ£ҶأȡϹűڵԪӤȻҪ࿼Ҷص
ȥɣ˵ʶĵѡһλʶĵѣѡ֣ѣڶͱˣ
ҶŶķɫȻ
ﻹһ䣬иĽʿܴʿһǸҪ֣󻼡
Ȼǰ¡
ʿ΢ǣ漴ͷ˵ǻַĸأ༸нĵѣ֮ҲаաϾϹűڱҲҪȡߡս¸ҵ޹أʱܿҲü
ã
༸ʿ䣬׷ͬһСʿʵҲ൱ǿԱ֮
̼֮ȥ
Ũʶǿҵ谭΢ԶЩʶ޷̽顣
ʿҶһ˱ƽǳظսҲ±˫֣˫̽鷶Χֹ֮סһƬʯιս
Ҷشʱ޳ǵĳͷƺһ֧֣Ծд֣顣
ҶЩǣ֣ûĹ죬ҲɱϢԵ飬ޡ
˵ɭΣγǿҵķ
ܹдּľﵽߵľ磬ܡ
ͷֻҶԺһʱҲûȥϸǣĶ
аޣ
Ҷһս˫ʿʱɫһ䡣
ϵһȻһ֧Сӵаޡ
һȴ߰Ѱʿ
ʮʿսһ
֧Сӵаޣֻʿȴǽ𵤺ڡ߰ʵβѰʿȻռϷ硣
ߣǴӵӵ˵أôԶڲˣ˵һѰʿۼڴ˵ʲôĿģҪ̽ʲô
а޵ӣ𵤾Ų۷ʿһݵĺӣֿһ߽Ԫ淨ԼһȫѹסǼѰʿЦ˵˵һ
߰ѰʿȻѹŴ򣬵ҲʾԸƣΪ׵һʿȣҪɱǣ»Ϊʱ磬ʲô
ͷǆʲôԸˣһȫɱɾÿɱһ˶һݹ͡ȰǸɵȻȥطң˵ǻҪɱʿɱʿһʾͣ㹻ǻꡣ
аһʿ̲סµ
죡ɱ⼸ʿҲˣжٹͿԽͣһ·ѰٹɲֻΪɱ˼ʿ˵Ҫʿֶûɱʿ˵˭군


514 ֮
ɱǼѰʿͻôһ㡣翴ûʲôϹűԵõһʺƣ
ǾݺӿЦ
༸аޣҲʱȻλа޵СӳûķԸ£æѰʿɱ⡣
ЩѰʿһ·շתǣ;˶ˣҲûзǴ˵㹻ǰıֺαð˵أ
һΪϹű
ʿ
ΪѪɫ֮аޣɱ˶ᱦԽǼҳ㷹ǵ̰ǾŹκοܵõĺô
治ڴ˵أҲûԼǣȻ޼ɵһȡôΪȡ
״ԣ˵ҵһδ̽ѰϹżˣŴҵ˵Ҫռ죬Ѱ˵صϹűĿĿɲΪɱЩѰʿҪռ˵֮ǰһЩôСϹűȫˣǺķݶûУ
ǾݺӣЦǰսľѰʿ˵
Ǹù̫磬⵺֪Ĳϸ֪⴦ϹַЩʲôЩѰʿ϶Ƿʲô˿Ѱ⵺ǧ࣬뵺ڣѰǣ֪һЩأ
˵ݺӣҲмϲɫҲֻ̰ҪܵõһʮϹű㣡ǼȵһȻٽ˵ϹżҪ鱨棬˵֮£ҵȻлΪ״ӡرλǣԺҵǰ;ޣ
ӳֶθ
ϲߣɱѰʿˣ
а޷׷ͬݺӵֶΡ
Ѱʿȴˡаޣö֮ϷֻûҵϹűûǷ
ƾЩаޣҲռ⴦ϹżΣ
ҹŴݵѰʿô
ڹŴݵ㣬ʮλԪӤһ⴦ϹżضɱЩаޣһҲߣ
ǣһѰʿ󣬲ٿʮɽԪƴֵԱ֮ȴаûޣֻܴйߡ
Ǿݺӣͬ˵еϵǰЩѰʿĽҲ⡣
λѡҵֵܣҲ¶ѣλûʲôѪλǧ˵ѰҲףҪΪһʱͷԷȣҪƴɥڴ˵أɲֵ֪ıͨͨ˵Τ𺣣ǰȻ뿪ǻԺһѣһѰҴ˵Ϲű
ݺΪ˱ʾ⣬޴淨˻ֺСа˺ʮɣڳһͣսԺ͵̬
һ֪ĺαǣҲ㹻ЩѰʿֹͣ׷˺󣬸ջظɫ̹âţ
ܺǺҵѰʿѰĵرΪķ࣬ռƻЩаޣȴǿӶᡢɱҵѰʿΪѪɫ֮ҵѰʿаޣһУɱѪսٻͬ·Ҫ˵һ֣뻢ıƤܸ֣
ǣҪڲǺϾҪ߰Ѱʿǻ꣬꣬ز˭ںЩа޵Ķ䣡ܱΣգǺ⼸аʱЭҲǿԽܵģ
ЩѰʿǸ·󣬲һ¡
ӼЩѰʿҲ⣬Ѱʿֻȴһֱûн
ȵʮֲͣоâôҪôҪô֪鱨˵ǺһѡҪôֻ·һ·ѡɣٲ𸴣ݹ飡
ЩѰʿڻûǿӲϾƱǿƾʵƴǽ𵤺ڰ˲㡢ŲΪаޡ
ͷһʿڱų̬ЩɥĹֵҲգǺǡ⴦Ϲż鱨ҵҲֻǴŵĲ²⣬㲻ʲôܡϹűӰӶû֪ЩʲôաҵȻɣڣܿһδϹű⡭
ߣаޣʲôʱӶᡢɱӣȻҵѰʿѰ
ǵϽǣع֮УͻȻһмߣǻʿĻϣҪǴȥǲ𷣣ǻöѰʿ棡
䣬мŵӰһСʿ
Ϊ׵ģȻѰʿʵˡ
ɨа޺Ѱʿ
滹ŵİʿͬԼ顢֣ɻԶˣܴʿʿʿˣȻҲ档
һֿطɽʰΧаΧ˹
һѰʿĳ֣ʱŤת˳ϵľ档
Ѱʿһ±ʮ֮࣬Զа޵ﵽ֮ࡣ
ѰʿΧһаޣа޸ǽ𵤺ڰ˲㡢ŲΪҲֻкްķݡ
ȻֻǼ򵥵ĶԱȡʿɱĶϣ˫ʵͷ㡣ʿǷ룬ȽǷ㹻ҲҪǽȥ

аСӳΤ𺣣ϽǳѰʿȻһɫѿ
Ѿ򣬲űƵǰǰѰʿֿ¶˵Ѱûü֪ϹżڱʵɱһɶѰʿ
ѾʮѰʿΤ𺣿ɲΪЩǺ֮ǵѰʿռ˾Ϸ󣬻ѡ
ˣ𵤾Ų۷壬ʵǿᣬˣΤ֮¡ϲǶ֡
ͬΪıߣ
ΤۼȥΣգҲҶ̳ͣ༸а޺һ䣬Ȼ򼲳ȥ
аޣɱ鼫Ϊḻһ׷״Էɽæ
ˣɱ
ڵѰʿ޲ðЩа޵ƤңϷŹǡ
֮ǰаޣѾѪսͬѣɥǵСռƣﻹߡ
һѰʿΧɱ˹ȵһѰʿҲ̷Ӧٿطɽֳаɱ˹ȥ
λѣαļ뿪ȻѾ˴˵أ°ɣ
˹Цٿ淺費ƹ죬Ȼ˳ȥΪĵâŹʯаޡ
СģҪڣ
ӵΤ𺣴󾪡
Ǽ˵һȫʩչʮѰʿһͬڹעš
𵤺ڵаޣȫҪڡ
Τ𺣲ٿ淨Ҳ룬Ȼ׷ն˳ȥ
ͣ
淨˲ڰлһУճ˵նȥһƬɵӿ𺣣ǽ׷ʿϯȥ
Τȴ˿ͣ·ӿһӰȥ
ǻǣ桢һʮʿ׷ɱֻж淽¾޴ȱڣʺ
ʵҲ˲뽫ȱҲΧϣֻһﱾɢѰʿȻа޵֮Ĳ롣
ɢ֣ѶȱڷһСа޸Ƶ֮ЩѰʿҪʧأϼҲһβ׷ɱʤ㡣
ߣ׷㲻ɱǣҲҪشӳͬ
ȵ죬ɻƹ⣬һʯ£ǵɰԵĵк飬һƬҲѹȥ
ҪΤһȴˡ
Ѱʿ׷ɱΤһѰʿʱڶ࣬ʮˣɱаޡ
ˣǻ
Τһ˵죬һ߼ޱȡ
֪Ͳ÷ϻһѰʿɱˡôҲĲƻ
ʱһаޣпջһۣ޷޲ƽıԹ
죡˵ˣ׷ȥϣɱҵ棬Ҫѿ
Τ𺣺мȲʡ
˵꣬Ȼǰİɹ֮УԼ¶߸ʿӰٿطһϷʵǡ
Τһ۱㿴˾һɫʿ
ǵٶȼ죬Ҳһգ۶ѡ
ΤѾ壬еһʿһĨЦλҲûɱĽʿ
ƫɣҶһˣѶȱڸˣһΧһΧȦһа޸Χȥ
ãôҲСӣ˻Ҫֲ֡
Τ𺣶ʱʧһ˿־塣
תۼ䣬жҶصһ˿֣תΪı֮˫ģΪӰк淨
߽ԪһѾﵽԪĶ塣
淨˲Ϣ֮䣬õ䣬ǵ˾ʮ֮ޣޱȳҵâ磬Ӱأ֮֮Եͷ
ֵǣƴˣҪɱȥȫҪɥڴ˵أ
Τ𺣷
𵤾Ų۷Ϊһ޴ĸ߽ԪȫʩչͲţҶػ᲻ÿ·


515 Ա
Ҷɫƽ˫΢΢ۼΤ𺣼Լɱȴ˿û˱ܵ˼
аСӳ𵤾Ų۷Ϊϵ߽Ԫʵǽʿܿ⣬ͬ𵤺ڵʿ֮һսԼҲн󣬲ֵܵԵĹ
Ҷ缲硣
һ·Ӻɽ£ľ¸ԭѾȫʩʩչн
ȻѾʩչнȴһҪáԼӵеʵɲһΪʵн߲ʵĸԵаСӳ߰˷ս
ҶЦ׳޴ų˽
޴Ѿƣָ˴󲿷ֵʬʱƾճҶǰ޴ڰһŤȻغȻȻһš
ۣ
һŨīȳʬҺΪһɫΤɷ淨
ʬҺǸǿĹֶ֮һȡʬʣķҺ壬ۻޱȣͨմһΣҪ̳ΪƷ
ƽЩʬҺȫÿһĿǻڡ
һھĵڻʮ֮һʬҺ
ŨڵʬҺ淨ҵâһӴˮ໥ͻ͡죬ʬҺΪƬɫ
ǵʬҺԿɼٶѸʧ淨ļ졣
գۼ䣬淨â㱻ʬҺĴ淨âѾûʲôԡ
ʱǵʬҺҲױٻ١
ҶشʱѾſһɫâԪɽ񳾽ȥӭս淨һĻЩɡ
ʬҺôԤϵĻҪǿϺü֣
Ҫ֪߲ĸǽ𵤾Ųа޶ӳࡣ
ĵ缱תһУʿܵ󷨵Ӱ죬ڷתѹƣʵһɣа޶ӳֻܷӳ𵤰˲ʵ
ǽ𵤸ܣȴ˼ĺôʵǽһɣܷͬӳ𵤰˲ʵ
һһǣʵѾа޶ӳǳӽ
ȫʩһȻûЧ˹
Τɫ䣬дࡣ
ѾϳͷǸͷŽ׻ʤͷ
ͷɲöԸ
߽Ԫ淨â֮С˻ȥ
ô죬һͷѾѲĺܡʿû֣涼ûܽһѰʿ׷
뵽⣬λа޵СӳиӰպڡ
̰һ·β׷ɱǼѰʿҲΧȦС
һУڵʯ֮䡣
ףѣǣҪаˣʿӦҲ˿𣬼Ԫ߱ɡȫһаޡ
ףλʿӭսһаޡ
ʸֶˣҲɱһаޡ
һʵȻѷһ٣Ҫ⼸ֻӵаޣȴɲ
ʵԭʿһʼҲûдȫ֣һ֣ѰʿѾռ˾ԵϷ磬ʹˮĻѵá
Ҷֿػ񳾽ңָǰԭء
ŹɫʬŴڣΤҧ
Τ𺣱͹޷ѣ޵ҧгݡ
ҪԸ͹ѾǳҪһʵҶصͻϮǱâպյĻ񳾽ȫƣȴвİȫ
ֻһתۼ䣬˱һȺʮѰʿӺΧɱ˹СаչΧˡ
ʮ׷Ԫǵأɫ⣬ƺ˵ķ˹

ֻҽУһգۣʵаǱµķȱҲ̱Ѱʿɿȥ
Τ𺣳׾;ȻɫŭȻһҲŹǣԱ
Ļ£һֵԼͷ­ͬʱ߶Աķ
ͣѪɽ
һҫĿѤâӶѵͷ­г˳ΤԪԪѿֶΣѾʩչֻ֮ѡ
Źâһȼмݶȥ
ٶȿĲ˼飬һ˲䣬ݳ֮Զ
䣡
ʱΤ𺣵߽𵤾Ųʿűըѣſֲܣը˿ѪɫĩϯΧɷԲ
ЩѪĭУ̺˼һǺ׽٣شͬʿ
аޣɫȻ֪ѰʿΧ֮޷ѣͬű⣬Ա
ãɢ
һᷨƻѰʿʱУתɿȥӵѰʿѪĭУͻ֮ƣػѪ
磬ΧϵĺɫݣʯľӿѪĭ£ըһ޴Ŀӡ
Ա󣬵ǲδ˼ѰʿϾʿɱ㹻شʱ䡣
ʿܼ޷ԱͬھЧ
ܽҶأһҲɽæˣ޴󰭡ֻǸĻð̣Ҳ̶á
ΤԱʿͬھֻԱƿΧʿԪĻѡ
ʿ䶷ľһɲ
ǵԪ񣡱ˣ
ͼԪ񣬷Ӧˣ̲ٿ죬һа޵Ԫϯ˹ȥ
ŸոаԪ񣬸ܿͱԪס춼δѾΪҽԪ
ͬʱһԪҲһŰɾ޴ķס֨֨ѽѽͻӣɽһʣ֮Ϊҷ
Τ𺣵Ԫӵ̫죬һ˲䣬Ѿ˹С
Ԫɶٶȼ죬йΪڱΡ
ʿɽҪ׷ɱҲֻĿΤ𺣵Ԫ֮УѸʧ
ʿ׷ƿڴȴ޿κΡ

֮УΤ𺣵һԪٴС
ȻΪṩڱڻŨҵĹҲԪصĸʴԪȥʴ
ֻСʱʹӽ𵤾Ų㱩𵤰˲㡣ʣµԪ֧ܲŵ棬˵
ٴеΤ𺣵Ԫ⵽ļ縯ʴʹ಻޺ԹڹҽС
֮ҶҪٱ棬һӲˡ

˵ѰʿһۣɫѿҲ޿κΡ
һа޵ԪʼǸҪڹ֮в˵棬Ǹ鷳
طĪ⣬Σķһ棬Ҳծ಻ˡԪӤ棬ڣɱǣȴҲף
õϢҪ˵أҲ輸ʱáҵȻǲҪʱ䣬̽Ѱ˵رҪ
а޶ѾЯĴҲڱըʧֻ¼ԪۼֿѰʿȥ
ɨһλ׷µѰʿ΢΢üȻһɫҶءʿһﹰ֣ˬЦ
ҶѡӵѣλѰȻ£ĳΪοⷬ̽ͨʤҲҪ˼ɣ


516 
ҶƼЦݵ˵ϼ䣬ͻȻ۽ƳԶһ󺺡ɫĿݵ
ҶĿʱĶϣͷһŭ޷ƣȻ
ϣû뵽ȻҲ
󺺲Ǳˣǲܴаޣ
һǰҶΪ˰ɷ׷ɱʱ򣬲ܴа޵͵ϮɥҪǱּۿ죬Ҫ˶鵤ѪԭҲ֡
Ѫô
ҶŨҵɱһĿޱȡ
δᶯȺȥ漴˲ܴʿʿͺʿֻҪһܴʿ֣˿϶Ҫ֡
ǽ𵤾ŲΪĶᱦаޡʿǽ𵤰˲㣬ʵǿᡣҪɱϣһɱˣͬʱɱ𵤺ʿѶȼԼͱ֣ʩչͱ󣬻ǴԼɰաҪɱǣ˰ߣȴ͡
Ҷԭأһ±˼ת
ʸ֪˼վ࣬ĺ˲ܴʿһϡһֱҪҶز֣ȫԸ
ͷһҶصɱ⣬һá
ҶûгԹȻΪҶػͻȻɱ⡣
ӽ顢֣ɻʿĿУҶغͲܴʿ֮ĳԹۼʿҶأƤɱһ
ɱ⣬ǳŲʿȥˡ
⣡ôˣһ棬϶ǳ˼ۺ죬ɱˣ˭˭Լ顣ǣһɱ϶˲٣ֻҪѰĴ¡
˰һʱȴδλͻ
ߣɱңɱô
ܴʿͿҶأʱҶɱĿ⣬ʱһ
ɱҶ֮ģ±Ҷɱ֮ģǿҡ
ֻǣǰҶ⵽ɷ׷ɱʱõʱͻȻ͵ϮûܳɹɱҶء
ҶҪɱҶأȴ졣
ˣҶҲһֱûóȻ֡
ҵɱҶصĻᣬ򲻻׶֡
˿̼Ҷضɱ⣬ȴҲʾӦȴûֵĴ㡣
ҶϣȻǶϽɹĳϣʵͬѰҲ̫ΪҴΪΪ
ǵΪڣҲ𵤺ڰ˲㡢Ųʿ
ʿͺʿҲǰһͲܴʿɫ
˵ʵλ̹ҶغͻʸʵԹƿҲûףЩ塣ⳡ滰ȴ˿ʾһԷ飬Ҫ㡣
Եɱ⣬Ķţϵգʱ
ʿ׷׹Թۡ
ڶɽ硢Ѫɫ֪֮ãῴ˫Ũҵɱ⣬ʱһ
м󲿷ˣҶءܴʿûʲô飬Ȼǲֽȥġû˻޹ȥֱ˵ĶԹ
Ҷ֣ҪɱⲣҶһ֮
ҶҪɱǣ֮顣Ҷ
Ⱥ֮УͻȻȣ֣ɻԶˣһɳҶصһࡣ
һ֡
Ҷ漴֣ɻԶˣοĵ˵ͷ
ף顢֣ɻԶʱվȻվߣð˲Сķապٲһѡ
ֶԼ飡ʵ飬ٶ࣬ҲĳΣ
ܴʿ֣һˣ΢΢鴤һ£ŭЦ
ɱʿ֪٣ںɱҶ֮ĳѾ޷⣬ȻΪԷ˶࣬
ʿʿһۣͬһΪ⣬еĵȴ˼֡ҶϷ򸾱ѶԸֶʿ͸鷳ˡ
ټֶˣҶֶֶо֮Ϸȥˣ˭ҶΪУϷƴ
һޱȵ̬
ߺֶӣվҶصһԡ
ԼվҶ߻ŸԶʿӵ֣һ˴ӹŴݵѰһᱦʿ·ҵȽнɱ˻û㣡ãɱˣ⼸Ѫɫ֮Ļ

ʿһ㶣߲ɰգаҶĺղ֮ܵʲô顣˭˭˵òʲôʵںôֺοֺãһŽȥ
ʿȻ룬ǿǵ֮ǰںɽʱҶس־Ԯ鲻ܲټϸոպҶشЭ飬ѰҲת۾ͷˡ
ڿڣҪӶҶº϶գٺֺʿףƵ£Ǽѵõõ鱦õҲδܱס
˵ڵΣҶⷽʤԱȲߴ
ҶأҲ˳ֶΪʲô
ʿǿһЦʿҵȽΪѣҶ֮УȻҲĳ֮С˭ҪǸҶѶ֣ĳ˾ӡ
ⷬӦζ
ǣҲױһֶɱͬףʿʿվҶߡ
һ£ܴʿɫڱˣһΧʿ֪лжվҶһġ
ڲܷȡʤܷסˡ
ڳʮʿ⼱תֱµľ棬Ҳɾ㵡
ҲвһаޣڹŴݵһ½ӱжֻǱֻδˡ뵽һ
Ѱʿ̤֮أѰ鱦ȻѰ֮䣬żҲΪΪϡ鱦ƴҲеߡЩᱦʿרſӱɱԽáҲã
ϵĻѰʿ˲СķӦԹ۵ʿ۷׷ףûһòʿ
ҶСʿһӵѹԵơ޴ƣԽΧɱòʿѡ
ΪʿˣɫҲڱˡ
ڳĽʿܹŶʮѡ
Ҷˣֶ֣ǿϺһ𲢼ѪսʿˣҲվߡʿռĽһ롣
ԼߣҲֻͬԸѡ
ڶʿ·ֻΪ˵ʵǿԸжɲζŻΪ
ζţ˹ؼʱϵ죬ûʲôʵ
²һˣǣڹؼʱǣãҶ϶󡣷֧ĺѰжбķȨܵҶңǿɲʱͷ֮ˣʲô
ҶصϵǿмΪѹƵͷ
λҵȶϹżѰα󶯸ɸ꣬һǰǣϹսʱ޽ҺͼλƶϣܿϹһս⡣һ⣬ǰȴЭһͬ̽ѰҪڳ⶷һδ̫ǡ
οĪ⣬˭Ҳ֪ʿʲôʱûа޶ӳԪѣ˵ʱ֮ڣŴаޣڴ˳¡໥ɱںģ˵ѰҵϹűԱΪѡ
ҵһѰҵһк˵ȴҵñ֮뿪˴˵ɱԹҶѣΪΣ
ͻȻЦһг̬վڳм䣬ǽҶһȺʿͲһ˫лֱӳͻ
κһ֣ᲨҲڱΪС
ֻҪ˫˼̬׶֣лᣬܵĽŶŵգǿеȥ
˵֮ǰҵȱаΧ׷ɱһƴѹأͬ۹õʿڼȻ£ҲԵ֡˽˶ԹպٽҲ١
ҪΪ˽˶Թ޴ˣѰ´ҶԸ⿴
һȰ˵ʮֳ֣ܵòԹ۽ʿĸ͡
ҲδԸ⿴Ҷһɱ˲ˣʵԽƺ⡣
ҶĿɨܴʿˣһЦǿгͷǲԸ⿴ɱϡ
֣ҪɱϣҪǿ
Ҷؿˣ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ÿѰʿں棬ûз˵ҶصĴ㡣
Ѱ֮¹شҶѣ˼뵺֮Ҿ档
һ֣µ˵ţһȴ˽³ҶؿȰ˵ҶѣҸ޽飬ҪɱϣҾƺһ㣬˶ա֪ڣճ̶ԶΣòΪڻңȫ֣˾ǱɣҶΪΣ
ã
ҶسĬ˺һϿκα飬Ҳ֪ת˶ٸͷֻһֳ
ȻϱҲûΪСҪҲǿһҵսڳûмʿܻ
ټа޵ΧˣѰϹűҲûָˡ
ҶҲʿһתͱнֶ֣ڻѡһطָһѯʿνڡ
˺Ҷصȴ֪
ܴʿһݺݵĶҶأûиҿڳݻͬʱҲ΢΢һ
ҶʱŹûж֣ȴЩ⡣˿ȥҶؿ»ԥĶֻ֡ѰһΪܱ
ܴʿһԲʿʿˣһЪ
ǿгͷѾǸӡ
Ҫǲ֪ôٳƣˣҲԹ˱ˡ
һۿҪɱһǿѹȥѰʿעѸתƵǰĻǡ


517 ԪӤ
⣬Ҷء˵һȺʮѰʿڳ£ôĪϹųǳء
ʱǧ֮⣬ɽıԵ
һϮ۵棬ɽ£ޱǰһƬããɽĿһ˿ɾ塣
ԽѪԭԽƬɽȥ޾ĹҲΪɵĹڡ
Ĵڹ޵Ļ⣬Ӧþڹˡ
ΪֹҲδ֪޵ڵĹޣжǿʵֻн𵤹ޣǴڸǿԪӤޡ
֮⣬жʮ𵤺аޣȫһɫվ
ƵϷߣһڽɫͨ취
ͨ취ϣʱֻ¶ʮ׷ٵĵ⣬ȫɷΧ֮ڡ
ߣһǲ֧Сӽ˵һǰĹڹ֮ʧĶӶѪԭһղŷأһ񡣡
淭ͨ취һĿɨڽаޣޱȵһȺȻһѰʿҲûҵҪкã
ⷬȻΪŭ̱ȴЩайߡ
аޣռһϵ
״ѾаҲʮˡʣµģҪȥ£ռϹŵ죬ϹżƵ졣
аޣһȥùͷĻƢûһкùӳԡ
ǣҲʲô˵
棬޵ѪΧ޷УƾǵҪҵЩ޵Ѱʿ䣬Ѷ̫ߡµΧѪԭΧѰ˽һգҲδҵЩѰʿΪӦòѪԭ
һаӣӲͷƤվ
Ŷ˼˵粻ѪԭǰĹ
һüͷ
ǻվڹʲôȥѰңĪǻڵȱ濪ȥɣ
ȣɱӿ
ң

а޴󺧣ΪʮӰϺɽ
ߣŲɽȥڹڿգԱѪԭĸ
ȻΪ޵֮йвԼǳڽҲԸǰ档
ЩаޣȻΪǰڻҡ
棬Ԫ񣡿쿴Ԫ񣡡
һаޣͻȻ
ֻһٽ⣬ӹһɣٶ֮죬Ƚʿķɽй֮޲
Ԫ񣿣
Ŀһһץһǿƥķֱӽżٴнɫâץ˹֮С
棬Τ𺣣һ
еԪʹ಻ޱȡ
ŽԪǽԱһȺѰʿΧ֮УӳΤ𺣵ԪӳԪڹ֮ûκεֿ֮ԪԪġ
ѣͺɽץʱԪԪѾڣʧΪ
пܣ뿪޵֮ǰԪ㱻Ĺ⡣
Ԫ֮ǰҵ档ֻ棬а취ܱסʣµԪ»һ
ʱ棬˵ܹʴʹ֮࣬ϲޱȡ
Сʿֻһ˵ԪӳѰʿǴ˵Ĺޣ˵
ץΤ𺣵Ԫһæʵ
ѰʿһʮǴ˿̶ۼǰڵһ£
Τ𺣵Ԫ񣬷ĺ
ʮˣѾ޵еĴ󲿷ѰʿˡǶۼһ£ʲôĪǵ죿
Ĺ
棬£
Ԫ޳־ͷɰ
濴нӲӵԪһۣȻ˵·ΣӦ֪˲ҰܣȫӸ𣬻δгͽ䣬־㣿
еı䣬Ԫ񶼸ܵһɺ;֡
ǰΪһʿСӳҲΪ֮һ
˿̣ȴֻʣһŲֻڵԪҪ𷣡ҪıһУҪصϢܲˡ
ҳɣæ棬´˴βҰܣȫѰʿСӸ𡣲ҲһҪ鱨һĻᡣ
ʲô鱨˵
üëһ
Ȥæ˵һ飬һȺѰʿִǵĳ¡ǣпܴڴϹűһΪӴĲƻ
Ŷ𣿡
Ŀ˸ɫŹƺ˼Τ𺣻еʵԡ
ɣһ¾ʵаЩѰʿǾ鼫ḻѰʿܴκ˿֮ҵǼȻۻ£ǶԴ˳ǵĿس̶ȣǳػֺƴƣضйŹ֣ңһֱɱģʿҲУ±ƵԱ
ŶСӾȻҲڣ
Įɫʱһ¶ȻûãáΪܴӱУι֮»Ψһһ
ѿޱȣмܻ
ʵݣɱһʿȻûɱӰ쵽ȥѪɫ֮ɨء
ȻζûɱҾͲɱץаƤǣȡԪգԸãã
ͻȻʵĿЦ
뵽ʲôЦȻֹסΤ𺣵Ԫʵ㣬;Ǹпʿ
ӣһʵ¶֮ǰɽУͷ¶βĽ𵤹ʿǶ˿ȥûк֮󣬽ڵҲûмޡ
˵Щʱˣ̽õ鱨濪ѰһΪЧ
ܺãģҲʵס²Ҫס˭ҪսҲ³
һץݵ֣еŽ⣬̱һɷ󱬣Ļ˻ӣϸһɱЦ⡣
ʮаޣ׷һʱһӽֱӿͷ
ߣ浹ҪУʲôıЩѰʿۼ£Сӣ濴Ӷã
ɨһаޣһ
аޣ¶֡
ԸҲҶ룬ҷ׷ӲͷƤɽȥ
䣡
ͻȻǰʢ
һãߴʮɣһʮɿİ׹ǿо޽һ׺صĹףӹг˳
Ʊ׾ȴһϰĺ棬һ͹ǽĮĶϡ
ԪӤڣùޣ
üͷһ壬âһ˺ɡǰã̲סһ
߾޴ÿֲãȻһԪӤڵùޡ


518 
βסľȣưһɷɫء
ǰԪӤùޣҪȴ˵ͨþ޴Ͻʮ͹Ǽף޹ǽͣһһǰɱơ
ţǾԪӤùֳʮСùޣǽΪŹɹɺһаš
а޲ɾɣ׷׽׼Щ޿⡣
ɨڹޣĶԪӤϡԪӤùޣ̫ߴͣһȺڹ޵УǺȺΪĿв
һȺͰôùޣ֮ǰȻҲûз֣
аްһ䣬ͬʱȴ˿
ʿʵҪͬʿ֮ࡣԪӤùޣ˵صĹʤͬʿ
ϾԪӤΪԪӤù޸߳һλʹ˴˵صĲһʤ㡣ֻҪϸһۣϧԪʩչԼɱﵣаܶԸԪӤùޣ
ºˣĪǱǴ˵ĵΪߵĹʿ
Уа˸ѾڷɿţΰǰԪӤ޸ɵȻռ޵顣һ뵽ϹַԼУδĹűԼбӿһǿҵĿС
ý˺ɽǱأ̹ɽһҪǵôǣ˵Ĵ£ݹֱʬΣ
ԪӤ޵ۿһĺâĥɰһ̶ԪӤ޿зɱо޹ؽһ壬һ죬ݹҷɣµɽ嶼΢΢
ޣһԪӤڹʿȻ˿ѵ滹㲻ɣҪȫ㣡
һȻŭ׼һâ
ɷ
ʱ֮䣬Сͨɽһ貵ɫâΪһɵɫɷýɱȥһԽһɽնɡ
ԪӤ֮Ѫɫ֮ݺ꣬绽꣬û˭в
޵󣬴ԱһʿûʰͻһаŭǰԪӤڹޣȻڳвĻ̵סеŭ㶯֣ҪնɱԪӤޡ
úã
ýҲͲסо͹ǽһӣ˲Ϣնһɾ޴ĺâɷ
䣡
һ죬СͨɷȻֱӴɡ
ýҲػͣ¡
ջɷԲ۾ýеľ޹ǽȻ˶ûС
ǽȻӲӦСͨĹԣȫһСͨҪɱôף
ʱŭһҪǲɱﵣҪʰýѶȼ
ʱһͳļӹг¸£˵ýȻԸ뿪ǾͰ㱾ʬɣʬͷȥˣҲһԪӤڵĽʬ
һȫںеӰȰĴӹ
ҪýС̫࣬һԳ߳ں¶ƤɿݣһЩβëƤɫ󣬳ªޱȣȻһʬԪӤޡ
ԳơʬĽʬԪӤޣʮ۵ĽʬޣӹһѽѽҽУЩùһ𣬽еĶʮа޶š
Ща˳ѾƲһап࣬ȴ롣˵ĳͽ֮ǲһҲδؾܴԪӤ޵ߡ
ʬ⺡ɽǱصĵ̣˭ӽʬ룬ԽҺɽģ
ýתͷʬŭ
¸£ýƾʵɱԪӤʿ㶥ܺƽֶѡ˵ҲԽ磬֮ɱַֻԪӤʿȻһò£ʬ֣Ҳ޿ɺǡ
ʬΪȻ
ʬ⵺ϲֻһԪӤޣϣбԪӤڹǿĹޣʬеġˡѵѵԪӤڹ޲ɣûԪӤڵʵԪӤڵĹ޳
ʬ֣Ȼ¶һ˿塣
ʬޣȻҲһԪӤڹޡ
ýʬԪӤڹޣʵѾȳɱ˵йޣһ֮ռϹַѾûκοܡ
̾˵ĹޣʵǿᣬѾһУȥλԪӤ棬ȡ˵ͼı˵صıһЩô棬ҲȶðҪǿҪǺԪӤӲƴ·ˡ
־ŭƲʱ⡣
ͷһ浱ϣӡ
ɷ
һţѾûܹвȴҲ˿
ֻʹľϵɫɷȻǣһâ磬ɽ⣬˲Ϣ֮⡣˵Žսƣʹľϵٶȴ١
ӣ
Ƕʮаޣ涼Ѿӣ˿˲ǡЩаҲľô׷׿ţӡ
ɱ
Щáʬޣ͵Ŵɱ䣬ĳɱ˹ȥʱսһš
ͬʱýʬҲҲһ߻սĽаޣݵķ׷˹ȥ
ýž޹ǽһ󲽣ɵľ룬ף׷ֱ£¡¡Բʮɽ𶯡
ʬȵӰȻһԭƾʧ˲Ϣ֮⡣˸Ѿ׷
Ȼ׷ˣ
ʩչľϵɺ׷ɴһ䡣ݺѪɫ֮ȻԵвҲǲ֪ͨ
λ޵ѣҵԩ޳𣬺ο׷ɱҪǰѱƼˣƴսܾˣ˭Ҳúô
¼Ȼˣôҹƴܾˣ¸»ûǸ£
ʬ¸ЦǼ
ٶȷǵ˿ûзӿ
ýٶ˼֣ž޹ǽȴƴ׷ϡ
ԪӤޣȻҲɱѪԪӤʿѪʿΪУֻҪɱ˱棬ƴ뿪˵أضҪѪͶɽ綼֪˵ع޵ڹ컯֮˽ͼı죬Ѫɫ֮ɹʱҶʿɱǽɾȹٶʮҲӲ˻ҷ³
Чŭ֮£ݿЦɫɷٶȸ졣
Ŷҵ£ɱ𣿣ҿɱ㣡
һɭϵӹմ
ƵĮãƺûκθ顣һԲҲûκý󲽼ĺʬ¸Цɽ޺а޵Ķʱʧƺδֹ
Ȼֻôһʣȴͬףͺɽʿͷը
ķתϢһɲǣһεѹѹȵļһ֡ɶݵٶȣҲƵû
˭
󺧣Ȼ̧ͷȥ
ǿۻѹֻڼԪӤʿʱ


519 ڤ
գʮŨŨȻͬˮ㣬ɽĳɢ
һͷչжɵ˫ͷ˫ͷĿͶһɱ˵ĺɫâչƿعս¡
˫ͷ˫ͷ㣬ĺϢͳɣںǡһԾ͹һģŨŨĺ˲Ϣʮľ롣
һűֵĹӰĮվ˫ͷյͷϣ·ɽȺɱʿ
Ȼڹĺ֮УòӰɢĿֲϣȴԲ֮ڣֻϵĴڡ
ݼ
ԪӤڹޣýʬ˫ͷգͣ׷ɱ棬ݵڵءֳݺ͹ûκγɡ
ӭ
ڶáʬЩ𵤹ޣҲ׷ɱаޣٻظԵĹսݵߵס
Ща޴ѹ֮£һס֣һʱ侪ʧ룬֪ǸӴܣǸװݵ
Բľ޵ͳŴ˵еĽ𵤹޺ԪӤ޵ˣ
ɫҰףֱðоݡ
Ľսƣ˫ͷպǹӰȻáԭֻһӰƿߣܹĲٿ
ʱȴԸԼûгϡռ˵˼ͱ׳⡣
ڣڵĶˡ
ǹĳһͷʮһԪӤڵ˫ͷ
˫ͷѾܹΡͬ׵ʵͬԶʤʿƾͷԪӤڵ˫ͷգѾ㹻ɱ޷ѡ
ͷʮһգֻλĳѡ
Ҫ˵ֲĴڡ
˰ֲѹֻѪһ֮ԪӤ۷ʿϸܹԪӤ۷ʿܹħͷᲢۣʸڵǿʿ
ҾǻԭΪ֪ѶˣûȻ޴˵أҲԣһһͨԪӤʿʲô
ӰЦĺ֮УͻȻһֻںڵĹƣϷƮһƵĺڻ棬ûΪһɫڵļΧеĹߡ
ӰָһǶɫΪһâ档
ڤף
ڵŵýʬһƹжɷȻ¶һηģ
˺ԥһھԪɫɷâǣΪһɫݹ⣬ɽȥ
ִ߶ɷͬʱִ߽׷Ԫ۷ܡСƷײףľŽ׻һ˳
ԪӤڵýʬһս֮ġ
λԪӤ۷ʵͳ鵺й޵Ĺ;ͷȴƴһսľĶ
ԪӤںԪӤ۷壬Ȼֻһλȴ޴
ͷһԪӤʿӵرԶһԪӤʿɱȣһʮ֮һʵ磬ɡ
֮ļУǵ̹ٶѾ˼¡
Ƕɫٶȸ죬ļתʣ̹׷ʮɫĺâգ۹Ѿƽ
治֪ǶɫʲôýʬΪȻη壬ĸ
̲ס֣ɷһҫ۵ɫâöն˹ȥ
꣡
һɲǣɷɽâնǶɫ
棬ƮɷСͨϡ
ڡڡ
һ˲䣬ɫͽâҫ۵ɷɣɷʧȥƣں׵ķ²ģҲҡҡλ׹ںɽϡ
ɫ谭۷ܡϡ۷ܡԪֿһ¶޷Ҳûɷˣգۼɥʧ󣬳ΪƷ
ʲôôһ·ҵСͨСͨķԪӤ޵Ĺ𣬸ǻڵĹޣƿصĹܰ쵽
ʱҽУĳһۻͼǽϵĺɢûκã׽ӴκƷȼա
ѸȼѺĹ趼Ϣȼ
ѵǴ˵еڤףĴ½ڤеڤףܷһ顢ڤףôܣ˻ôܳѪ治ģѪôڤ𣡡
˻Ϊһȼյĺ棬ĲҽУ͸¶ŵľ;֡
ţһƬĺڵĹ潫ȫΧӹ赽ֹǡ֫ٺͷ­׷Ϊҽ
ԪӴܳȴ׼Ʒա
ԪӤڵԪں׵ķ£Ԫģâ簵ԪӤԪ񱩵𵤡ԪΪһƺԪĴꡣ
޵ǣãȻĹˣ֪롣
ɽϣһƬţֻǶ֮󽥽ʧĺףԵ÷ĿĻꡣ
棬ˣ
Щаޣ˭Ҳû뵽һƹ𣬾ͽλԪӤΪݺһǿʿ˲ɱֵĻᶼûУ
һеаޣļڤף˲佫ûһֵֽű䣬ҡǿʿһռܻ
ȻϳڤףҲмʶڱϣҲ컯
꣬˵
ˣЩʿǷһɱˣ
ʬ䣬ںڵ촽æѯʵ
أЩʿȥǣ
һ۱ĿаޣɭһϹűҪ֣֮ȡ˽ʿ֮⣬ܷκԪӤʿǣֻҪԪӤʿһɱɱһϹűʵǿԪӤʿУػıĴ£
ǣ´ȥѲӺɽѪԭʬһԪӤʿڣ
¶Щʿʵʵȥǣ
ýʬɹߵ
˫ͷһŹգʧʹ֮С
ڽڹ޷׷ɢȥ֮Уɢȥˡ
аֱʿʧԼȻĻҲɵӣĻѾװףȥǡ
һʬţҪǲȥǺ³á
ȥ˻ǻʲôԺˡ
ǲͣΪʮâԽɽǶȥ

ǧ֮⣬ǡ
ʮѰʿ´Ϣָ˷׼ǡ
ǣ󲿷ֶѾ̮ķ棬Ȼսʱ⵽ԵĴʿǴչڵģԳŷã
ǽҲΪԶѾѪʴİ߲Ĺ֮Уǳһϲɣưܵľ
ǣڳûһѰʿҵģСǡ
Ҷ侲Źųǣĥʲô
˳ЩŹ֣ǻСЩ
ʸ
ţҶ֮δʲôáѰʿУоͨ󷨵ĵѣӦܿųǵ֮Ǹǽȥǡ
Ҷص˵ͷʵѰʿҲ㼫ǿǲóȻжȥϳ˵֮ɫɽС֡
λѣΤ𺣵Ԫѣа޺ܿʱڣ׷ٵ˵ءٵʱ䣬Ǳ뾡ڣҳ˵صϹű
ɫ˵һλѣԸͷųǣ
֣ɽĳǳأͨ˸ָޱȡ޴ĻǴǳءǳӦҲ⣬зֹʿȺͻȻϮĻǴֻǴΪֲʮϵʿҲһٺɱҪ˵һȺʿˣ
˳Ȼѳɷ棬ǳһЩЩ󣬻ܷӳ󷨵ĹЧӵмǿ󣬲ȱһ֣󷨣鷳
һλͨ󷨵ʿҡͷ˵˵Ҳв󡣸޷֮ƽ⣬ֻǿдݻ٣
Ҷԣȥ
ǵĳϣȻŰĹӹâɫâ֮УϹŷ
Ǿǿа俪ɣ
Ѱ˼һ£Ҳûİ취
Ѱʿʮɽǿкųǳţ׼ǰĹųǡ
ʱǧ֮ĺɽͻȻԼƵ
ţ΢Ĺâ
Ѱʿһ
ʲô
ҶؾͣеĽҫ⽣ңԶĺɽȥ
ʸȻҡͷ֪
ƺʲô˵˵ôôԶѵԪӤʿڶҲֻԪӤʿܷ޴졣
ϸüͷ
ܣ˵ԪӤʿҲŷҪõϹżڵıںɽˣ
Ѱʿ۷׷ףЩ̻̲
â͸عǧ֮⴫δЩˡ
ǣ̫ԶǸ﾿ʲô
Ҫô࣬ץʱ䣬Ƚ˵ʲô֣һѾߡѪ·Ѱʿۣûǵķˣ
˴ٿŵ죬ʯš
䣡
ʮԪַ£ǵĴţ̮һɸߵĴ󶴡


520 
ŴƣһѰʿЩɴμڡ
λѣųеĽ󷨣ǵϹԪӤʿã󲿷Ѿʿƴݻ٣в¡Щʣ󡣲һ󣬶ҵȽʿ˵ʮ鷳ǧСģ
Ƚڵһʿ̽һڵ˵
Ǻǣҳͨ󷨣Ϳǰ·Ѱųǣ
Ц
˵
ʿҲûѣǰ棬ڷ䲻Ծܿڿܴڵ󷨽Ƶĵط
֮ڶȥųɷ׷׾̾
﷽ԲĻųǣȻһƬưܷ棬Ҳϡܿյۻ׳۵ľ
оӪأһžȻ򣬷ڳȥ߼ʡЩɾʯɵӪأ󲿷սб٣һЩá
Ҷعųڵ״˼ȴںĲܴʿһϡ
ʶ̽ĸоܴʿĿ⣬һֱѰһζͻϮĻᡣ
һˣΪǻл֣һֱϷ뿪ǶʱڵõϹű֮Ǽ
ҶЦΪǲ֪еЦ
ǣҲӵСͨע˵ġҪӵСͨܣҪеĻܴʿʩչˡ
쿴Ǳߣʲô
ʸɲ֪ҶʲôҶעΧΣͻȻһָԶʮ־ȵ
Ҷ˳ָķȥ
ֻǰһʴɣɫľͼڳгķΧɢŨϵϸ΢׵ҫ
׵ǹĿǣΧĹܿ
֪Χۼд¸ϵйء
Ҷؾ
ͬʿע⡣
Ǿϵ߽سڶټͨϵ󷨣ף֮СΪֲʮ׵ԪӤޣҲһٺɱɷɻң
ʿһ۾ϳɫоһԾسÿһϵ󷨣Ҫһٿ鼫ƷʯҴķģҲأϵѾƻ
ô༫Ʒʯ
֪ڣû¼Ʒʯ
ѰʿԾ
һ鼫Ʒʯ൱һٿƷʯһƷʯһƷʯ
ڶɽУܼƷʯ
𵤣̻ۼҲ൱һ鼫Ʒʯ
ԪӤʿƽҲʹƷʯѡȻõƷʯҲӦá
ڽʿ˵һ̽գܻü鼫ƷʯҲķᣬˡ
ҲֻҶأԴ޶ԡ
ϸԽƷʯתΪƷʯ
ʿȴҶܵõƷʯ
ӦǱʿݻ١ʿͬҪӼƷʯȡתΪ϶°鼫ƷʯУƺв˭ȥһ
ʿҡͷ˵
Ѱʿ˭ҲԸȥ׷ϧòͷ
Ҷȴ𾪣ʥƵľŽܣֻһ鼫Ʒʯܻɱͽ׵ĽʿȻҪϰٿ鼫ƷʯֲܷܺɱʿӦǲ١
ӵǣҲϧ˳ܲеϹűʯֻϾţһëǻѰϹűҪ
˿һ˵ϧ
Ѱʿ
ҶضϣϹűڵԪӤȴǷǵòɡ˴λᣬ֪ʲôʱܵõԪӤ
˽עۼЦһ£ɨһˣɫ
λѰʿռƶϣϹű⣬ܾܿڴ˳ڡֻǾȴǸԷɢԴ˳ǴΧһ顣
;ʲôΣֻҪźţΧͬ̱ȻʲôСջ񣬹鷢֮СֻϹűڣúʹ
˭Ҳ֪Щаޣʲôʱ֮֡ѰϹű⣬飬ץжɣҶѣȥϳѰӵѣϼˣȥܵѣȥ֣һɣѰҡ
Ϊϵӣ˷ȣ
顣
˰ʿǲֽ˺ֶǰϳ̲סü
ҶҲû˵ʲôͻʸ⼸ϤѰʿϳȥ
ӣвɣ˰Ѻ˷ֿ۳һռһ򡣷ʲôҪҲ
ʸѩܲ˵˽㣬
šǲǶ¼ɡȻΪӣҲö˵ʲôۡҵϹű⣬˵
Ҷͷ
š
˵꣬˲˵һ߸·һĹ۲
Ѱʿڶ˺档
һ˿ʶɨӷ档
У洦ɼƵĽĳЩƵĽУϹŲҶغͻʸԽһԲȥ̽Ϲŵ󷨽ɽʲôͬ
洦дķƬЩƬҲѾ˷ƷûκϧˣʸЩϧ֣ܿսĽ𵤡ԪӤʿڲһ߶ʿʬи߽׵ʿкҲͬʧ٣
Ǳʿȡȥˡɽ϶ѻôʬǣ¶Ǳ޸ȥģ
Ҷһ£Ƹ߽õѶȿ¼ߡԪӤʿĺǣͽ׽𵤹޸޷ơԪӤڹޣ˵мְա
һ·һ񣬻ʸЩ֣ͬʱֵЩʿȻѳʬ˸ɾôɴռǣһǣ
֪Ǵ˵صĹ̫٣洦ɼĳڰɡǰ˯ҹε˵˲󣬿ɲġ
ҶҲż⣬ûκͷЦ
Ҳ˯ô
ʸһЦȻûʲôջ񣬵ѵ˵ЦȴǺࡣ
ҶؼʸЦٻĿԼЩů
ԪӤ˼ֳ飬һ·Ҳ˲ʱ䣬ǵץʱ䣬ѰϹű⡣˵ֳ꣬һ·ѰʿѣλҲɢɣͷѰңѰٶȸЩ
Ҳã
ͰҶ£
һλշʿѰʿһۣӦɢ˿ڶϳΧ̿Ѱ
ʸ˼ҶһͬڷзɿѰ
һʱͻȻһƿ

ҶصĻ£ǵڰһ٣˵Ҷѣٸ˴һŴ󣬺ܿϹűڣ
ҵһˣ
Ҷغͻʸһۣټ˶ϳķʿѰʿٳȥ


521 ſ
ãҶءʸˣһĴ棬ӵˣʿȼλѰʿ
ĲһɵС͹Ŵ
̮ӵ׹ľʯŴһһǡ
ʱ·ʮѰʿҲӸڴھۼ
ӦǻǵϹʿСʹڴ˵أȻΪҪпܾϹűڣ
ָϹŴ󣬳˵Щ׵ѣΪأ
˵ǡС͹Ŵǽ봫͡͵ķΧľ޵ϹűڣûбҪڴ˵Сʹ󡣡
֣صĵ˵ͷͬԣŴ󣬸ɽʹõĴЩ£޸ѶȺܴ󡣲ҵǣŴֻнһС⵽ɽĻٻ΢ˡֻҪⲿĵطϣӦܹٶʹáҶһ޲ЩѶȡλѾͨ󷨵ģһͬ޸Ŵ󣿡
ԣ鹬ԹרУɣ
Ҳһ
ͨŴʿֻ࣬վ˳һ޲Ŵ
ʿڷԹš
ãĳ̼λ޲ŴˣҵϹű⣬ǼλԴжһݺô
һӿ䣬һɾƾն𣬽ѹסŴļ׹ľʯȻῪһ󳾰
ʯῪѹŵһ߰ɭɭĺǣҲ¶˳һռķɽѾɷƷ
ףôһʬ
ڳеʿ̶¶Ŀ⡣
Ǳ˵صĹԽǺǲδʿ޵ʬʬǿĵһߡҪǲʯῪǿ¶δ֡
ʬ˵ıǣӦ˵ʿ⺡ϣм޴צɵĿӦ֮֡ѾȻԶǴʬñѥԼҵƷƷӦһλϹԪӤʿҵλ͡ڴ˵أĳλҪҲ˵
ʬһȻҡҡͷ
ϵı־˵ͳϣλˣҲֻʮλѣλߡ
Ҷص˵
תͷһڽʿҶزٶȽ͵ϽĹܹ˵һЩ˵ĹأУб仯
Ѫɫ֮ѰʿȻ
ҶϽĳϣλԪӤʿȣЩҲΪˡڳѪɫ֮ðյѰʿȥעЩ
޲Ŵ飬ܵ顣λǰȵһȥɣ
һ֣ʬƿ
һ۵Ĵӣʬһ׹ڵϡ

һס
һ˲䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ڵҪ
֮ǰΪ޸Ŵôټʿ飬޸ŴҪ֪ʯѹһʬʬϻһҲᷢʿҲ
ԪӤʿĸ߽״
֪ʲô
ڣʱ˷ľ
ʿ˼Ŀ˸һţһΧĽʿȥǴּɻΪ˵Ŀ꣬˭Ҳȶȥ
ڵĿʱ̣ҪϢ
һϹԪӤʿĴÿһʿ֪жô棬Сͨʮϵ鵤ԭϣԪӤڵؼǼֵƣýʿһҹʵ
˵ףʮѰʿð˵أΪ˵õ޴ĺô
ڴ֮ǰزʶѰʿ̸ʲô顣
һ߽״ʿȻԸá
ҿ˰ɣ
ҶؿɫףһڵҪ飬Ц⣬һ˵
ҶؿڣǼзġ
ǿʵ֮⣬ڣʸ֣ˡֶǺͬġʿһˣҲԸ֡
ʿǶɻû˭ʵ
ҲãѰʿĹأзݣѴ򿪣ɴҷˣϹűڵĲƻԱⴢҺαż
ɫ󣬿һڴʿò˵
ʿۺ֮£Ҫ̣ǲܡһڣսʤڽʿֻзֱһ;
ʶѾϸԪӤʿʧԺױ㱻˸򿪣Ʒȫڵϡ
ѹâ貵Ʒ˳
ϣһѵƷƷʯ߽׷ԭϡؼʮԪװʢƷСӣԼϡŹֵĶܣԹһ£ĲƻǧƷʯ
ϧˣ沢ûСͨܿսʱٵˡЩƻȥܶ࣬һ£ÿһλѰʿܵõԼƷʯĲƻʵҲֻ̫࣬СһʡǱ򣬹ѰϹʿĴ㹻Ǵ󷢺ˣЩĹޣˣȴ˴ҵϹű֮ڳڵһң˵ҵ©ʬ
ʹɿɨЩƻȻһΪҡͷ
Ҷѣɣÿһ
ȻûرĺöҲֵװ󷽡ҪôҪôҶأܹǶλʵǿʿֵʿңҲ֪ҶҪʲô
л֣
ҶصһЦҲûѣЩƻһ£кĶ򿪡
Ŀͣһ̴ľ
Ӱڷɫƣ󰵵ۡдţһ塱⻹дһЩķġ
ĳֹ˸߲´ơ
ҶĿһ֣һɫĽƣץС
ˡʿܴʿ˶ӣɻ󲻽⡣
⼸ƣۣܲҲ֪ãȻԹļֵˡֻǵƣһǰϣǲֵһǮκһԪֵǮ
Ҷѣǣ
˼Ҷʲôȴһɫƣɲʵ
֪İɡǰģټ
Ҷҡҡͷɫƽ˶ٽЦ֣Ҳѡһ飿
ĿĶҶصϣʲôҲҶģʲôа˼䣬ԥ˺һҲȡһƣˣҪúôһáҪԿһԿˣҶһ˭òȥҲȥ
ʿǰȥ
ʿܴʿɫŹֵѡһƣĥ;˵ҲԩĺܣǶ֪ⶫǸʲôõģΪҶغ˶Ⱥһ飬ǲŸá
ʿҲһơ
ʿΪûԼõĶϧҲʿһ߽׵ԪܴЦ
ҶؿѡɫƣĵȴѾڣѹϲá
˲֪⼸ɫʵǸʲôõģ֪
ÿһɹдʯɵĹ⡣Ĵϵһɹ˥ÿһɹھԵĻܡЩ⣬ñĽ󷨣Էֻ֡һͨƣֱӰȻͨ󷨣빬ڡ
ͨƣϽļλҲУרϽĹáÿһͨƣڸϵϣֻгϼϵʿ֪Ƶʹ
ͨĽ𵤵ӣǸܽӴⷽκԷ⵽й¶
⣬̷ϵ⼸ƣܱܿϹűͨơÿƣֻһʹáϹű⣬Ȼڴ˵أ
Ҷоһ񣬰˵ɫȴκ쳣
Ψһȷǣ顰塱ƣͨ򴢴ʲôƷĹſ⣿
½һѲƻѡȻڣĬ
޸ŴҪһЩʱ䡣
ʿֻܸɵš
Ȼ޲ŴҪʱ䲢ԭظɵȣȵЩ
޺ˣ
Լʱڵ
ӳһ֣շŴʧڹŴϡ
ʿʿĴͲδʲô⣬׷վڴϣ͡һĹʿα˽ȥϼ١

ǵգǧɸ߿ա
˫ͷգĮĿ·ĻǡʧڷŴһڽʿ
ˣЩѰʿǣ޸ŴڹŴѾ޺ãΪʲôɱǣȴǽȥһǵõϹűڵǼϹű²
˫ͷͻȻ˵
ʮһµĵͽ˵ԣ絽ʮһףܹΪΣȴܿԡ
ߣһȺʿѣϰֻҪԪӤʿԱû˿в
˽ǧ꣬һֶΣԪӤ۷壬ֻһ٣뻯ھ硣ʣԪ࣬һα봳ȥһǧԪ
ķѪڴ˵ڶɽ١Ϲű⣬룬λüΪҪһѹĹűԹв
ֻҪǼűڤʮڤڤΪ࣬תܱڴ˵٣ֶϵİգ
һұȥĴ½Ϊһ֮ߵľ磡ңĴ½ڤ磬תĻᡣȻһ޷ڤһҲҪΪˣ
ĿһͻȻһ˫ͷգ壬ϹŴ
Ҳһ꣬ǽȥһƣǺ¡ǡ
һڹ⣬ֱȥ
ѰʿѾͨ˹Ŵ󣬻ʣһվڹŴѰʿոͻȻһڹͷֱ¡
˵ĿʱһͣĿⱻɭ֣
Դ˽ΪҪһԪӤŲ۷ʿĶǣǲܡ
һգۼ䣬ĿкȥָһĨЦʧڹŴϡ


522 뱦
Ҷظʿֻͨǰ׹ҫĿһۣܣԼһЩѰʿѾһعĴС
Ҷɨ˴һۣɾһ
عɾʯɣΣɴСһλڴĴ󴦡
ܵʯǽϣϹսʱʿֵķʶԼرͼ񷶥ıڣǶŹâ貵飬ʹ硣
⣬ΧɸߵĵҲ֪ʲôʯŵ⻪ס
ҶطɿĲ鿴һ˵صκĿĿĵϡ
еһһʿƺĳλϹʿĵ̬ķɽ޵񣬿עŴеˣ·ʱ
ĵԣһʿáЩãҲΪĩȻѾȥ˲֪ꡣ
ҶüͷǼǣ¶ɫ
ʿڴǼҲ˵ʲô
⼸ӦǴ˱Ľ󷨵ı־
ʶ̽ɫ΢΢һ䣬ͨ˵ͽƷҪĴļƷʯʮάȥǣӵĹ⻪Ľ󷨣Ӧòǿʯάֵģǿʽȡת
ô˵ڵ󷨣ã
󷨽ƺû󷨽Ƶı⣬Σճ̶ȿ֮һã´ҶҪɥڴ˱⣡
Ѱʿ඼Ǽо飬Զ
ǿɾʹĲˡϹʿ޽սش⣬󷨽ƣԪӤʿͷʿͨǵʵֵúȥڵ죡ҵȷѾǧ࣬ôͬ˵ءΣҲãһԡ
˳
ԲȻѾأֶܿ飿󲻷󣬲ô֪Ѱʿʲôûⱦ󣡡
˻£ʱ˸˵
ѰʿѾ˼˹룬ŵϹű⣬˭Ҳ;ϡ
λѿЩãǵĺϲκ˺ۣڴ˵ذȻȻսģô
һССƶϡĴ󣬱̮ľʯһ٣ǵʱڱڣڴ˵أҲȥԪľ
Ӧˣ
ô˵Ϲű⣬Ӧûû˽ĴضáԪӤսϹѫĽʿƷҲڣ
ʿ׷׼
˵˵ʿȴվԭأδ뿪
û˸ȥԣⱦ
عУзġתصĿֲδ֪˶ľ
ϹűĽɲǺġ˵ֻǶʮʿʹԪӤʿ˵أҲôⱦĽǱû󵽣ڽ£ǿɾԩˡ
ҶزɫţĿо΢ƺںʲô
һɫơ
֪ƣܹ⡣
֮ǰΪ˱Ϊ˵Ŀ̫꣬ע⡣ֻȡһ飬ʣ໹öɫƣֱˡʿܴʿͿ
ӡһ塱ÿһöƣܿܿԿһĿⷿ
֪ЩƵľʹơ
ǣ˭ҲӶࡣ
бҪ֡ǲܴʿеһ顣
죿
ʸҶ˼飬
Żƣ
Ҷؿŵµļߺǣɫɿ˵һ䣬ܣ
ţ
ʸԣ΢΢˵ͷ
Ҷ˵ĺܼ򵥣Ѿ㹻ˡһҵᣬܴʿеǿơƵãʣʮҪ
ᣬװģǼϹʿĺǡ

վʿһ࣬ԶҶص˵Ĳܴʿһ顰ɫƣ۲ãʼտʲô;
ȴһֱעҶءʸ
ʱҶءʸĿɨǼʬܴʿʱһĪ⼸ʬʲôЦһǼʬ˹ȥ
ղܵģʲô
ʿֲܴʿĶȵ
ʲôﾡ˵ЩϻȷʬϵƷҲ˵Ҳ١Ҳĳ˿ɲ㡮ƴ֡Ѳƻ
ܴʿŤͷЦ
˵꣬һ뿪ȫش£һǼʬ⼸Ϲʿʬϣȡ߰˸
˵ע̱ܴʿľٶ

̺ȵ˵ƷҵȲ鿴УܵѻǱΪã
ܴʿҪ⼸ȴֹɫɲʱɫ
ڰǶᱦаޣҪţ˵صƷ
ȻˣԼ򿪰ɣ
ܴʿŭ߷߽ڵϡѾҶؽ򲻸ٺ˷³֮ǰǼа޺ö١
ϵܴʿҷԣԲܴʿķȻҲΪ⡣
ѾϹű⣬ⱦڵÿһΪҪܹܿϵϹűĻܣκ˲˽Զռ빫ΪҾͲˡ
˵Цһ£ٿų棬ɨһʿֶϣСѣ⼸鿴Ʒɣ⣬˵Ʒ鿴ڡ
ң
ʿһ£ָָԼ֪ߣҶأʿˡȻЩ¶֪ΪʲôʱͻȻ
ɣ
˵ͷֶȻվҶߵʿǶ˵ΪŽĲ㣬ڳʮѰʿҲΪų֮
ֶûŪκλУڳκһ˶֮ܽء
Ѱʿ˽һҲû˳ԡΪʿԴҷġǲܴʿĽ𵤾Ųʿ˭ġ
ʿЦһ£϶ˣѡڻңڵãʿڻҡΣҲãҲãȥԡϳеô˹
Ȼָ㿴Ϳɡ
Ҷһüͷһ£ȥǼҲġ
ʿҶغ˶ͷѣæ첽߹ȥʰȡ
⼸ʬǽʿװΣƴҲûʲôöҪȻʿͶֹϷֲƻˡ
еһȴյģֻһöͨ
һ£ޱȡ
¼ʲô
Ŀһݣɿ


523 
˷Ըʶ鿴ö򣬴ҵ˾Ϊͳ״ӣֵرҪ񡭡գͻȻٹǣǷƺسʿɱʿչҴսսҵʵֻнڣڻҶЩǿʦҵܣóȥӭս¹ȥˣ֪淢һЩʲô¹ʣûκϢ뱦ڡˣʦֲ²⣬Ĵ󣬺ܿѾˡʿǲ֪б⣬Ҳûа취δⱦڡ
ʿĬţһֲ©
ʵҲͦ򵥡
ʬͳϵĽ𵤵ӡҲǴ⣬λڴеԪӤʿĵӡ
ս˷ִ޷ʹã뾡һа취Ҳ޷ȥ˴ʵϹűǻɣĴ⵽ƻ
Щ¼ļأԼ˵⣬УҪľᵽǵְԼϹűʹ
Ϊպ뱦ڵʿϸļ˱Ĵϡ
εıعһͨһŵֱͨͨľˮ⣬Լ࣬ϡʯ͵伮ȴı
еʣսսʿ
ƣͨЩͨ
ƷΪ֣Сơڿơ
ʿССȡ͡ʯ鵤ɽ伮֮ģ͵ӣڱУȡ͸ЩϹŽʿ
ԪӤʿǽʿشѫŹʸ̷ʹڿƣڿȡΪ͡ϾڿĲرǶƷΪϡ
Ϊ˱ԵȡԴϸĽơ
͵ӣһöͨС⡣ÿȡҪصĴöӦķƵʹô޶ҽм¼󣬲ܼȡ
Ҳ˵Ǳ󷨽ֹͣתҪƣȡӦı
÷ɿ죬һ㹤򣬾ͰҪꡣ
ҶüͷȥЩΡƵãԭһ֪ȴ֪Ҫɵõƣ޷
ʿ꣬ɫȫˣ졢𾪡Ľ
˵صѰʿûһɵӡǰһϵѲ²⵽ԪӤͳϷֵöɫƣǱڿơ͵ϣӦûһöСƣ
ҶѣȻüʶĳ֪֪ƵãĪ
̲סҶһۣϺǺЦеļɵȴ˼֡
Ҷһ˵أһöҪڿƣȻ֪ƵãⱦʶԶ֮ϡҺãʱšҪúôһúôҪԿһԿҲһöơҪȻɾͳԴˡ
֣֪ƣ޹ؽҪһҪ飬ŵִжʮλѰʿѾӵдƣʮ˶ûơʣµСƣִ֪ηǣ
Ҷؿ˵ԲԣȴΪƽ˵
ôؿǡ
һɳԷʣµöСƸе쳣֡
ʮ
ȺѰʿʱһѰûжεĸ
õ˶ܵõôĻһл˵
һΪ䲻ʿĲת۱ǷѡԽΪսؽһѪսյľԤϡʵδֵĵá
֣ӣôЩƣ
Ƿֲ۲Ӧ
ЩûƵʿ׷׹ɫӵĿ⡣
һεõƣһΧѰʿ׼̸£Ͷֵ׼ϵնȻ
֮ǰʿ֪ƵãҶء˸һöƣҲûʲôҵķӦ֪ˣȴá
Ҷؿ˽֣ɻһۣ촽΢΢һ¡
顢֣ɻҶشһ㶣һۣȴĬȻͷ
Ҷش֮Ҳ˵
ڳУ˱֮⣬ֻнλнʿҪһ¡ʿûаϵ
ֶˣʵȷʵ̫ڻҵܻܲȫԼ컯ˡҶؾΣÿζΣͷɾȻǵ
ȣ
˿һ£ùʿͣȴ˵ĴЩʲôСѣѴ򿪣
ʾһ¡
ʿ÷еĴ򿪣ȻһһѸɫķʯƷʱɢڵϡ඼ǽСʿʹõƷûʲôرɫķ
йȻöĺɫơ
öƣҶء˵ǰƵģͬɫʣССһС塱ֻСࡣ
ʿĿ⣬ȴԼͬһöɫСϣû˼ȥƷ
öС
ˣ֪η䡣۽ƽ˭һ鷳ĸԶûһԾŶĵزһִѹȥ

Ȼʿһ֣Ȼ˵λѣҺ֣Ϊе֪ͣʵ㣬Ը˳ƵľᡣֻȡϹʿλΪΣ
ֶˣҲԸˡ
һԵҲæ˵
Ҳɵôʿ۾ַơֶ˵ķݣ
ϹűıǶѾңɼǰ⼸ѷʯʵڡȻûʲôر֮кüԪȴõĶ
Ȼˣλ㡣˭ҪƵģҲ˳Щƻ߼Ʒ
˵ȻЦ⡣
֣ɻԡ϶˳һͷȻٺòˣʡ鷳
ʿ⼸ѽʿƷǺܸȤҽȨΪЩƷҲǺ֮٣Ҳûʲô顣
л
˵лָԴһƷУмֵƷ봢УûȥɫСȻĬĬߵһվ⣬ٲκʿƵˡ
ֶˣҲԾܣʮƷԪһǽ顢֣ɻԵԣȲļ
ֵǣ𵤰˲ΪķʿȫʸƣȴҲЦŹ˹֣ȡ˼ֵķһЩƻ󣬱˵һ߱Ŀ
Ҷ΢΢ƣⷮʿӡ󲻶࣬Ҳöʡ
ȻЩ֣һҲǻ£˷ʿۺ󣬽עתصʣµöɫС
Ȩ˳ʣµʮСʿ˵öСȻԶԶ䡣
ЩʣµģȻȻǼϷƵʿˡ


524 ͨ
ʮʿöСƣ˶֪޷䡣
ĳˣи飬ǲƣֱֻ֮ǰڿƵѣȡ˱ڵı֮󣬶óҾ֡˶зݣƽ
ȺУһֱ󺰵
ҶؾŤͷ˹ȥȴһشۣڵ󺺣ȺΨֲҵĴ¹šԼǵôƺһСŻʿͷмְȻ˵ơ
ðһķ˵ѰôȻҲҪ֣ƣǽϹűڵõıó֣
ˣ
һ˴ͷ̱üʿӦ
ˡʿܴʿˣԷ׷ױɫ
ʿӲСȻϣҪǰѾֵڿƣ³
Ȳ˵ڿƣܹȡʲô
ڿııֱǸԪӤʿͽʿĹѫƷԿԿֱƷף϶мĲ˭ϰѶָˣ
ޣģʲôõ
ܴʿɫ㣬Ǻʿŭȡ
Ǻɫһ䣬뷢ȴϲܴʿ׹һ
һСƣȻҪִݡʲôÆģ˭б˭ֱ˭ġ֣ƣ
ܴʿһȣȻħ鳻һԭʧʮϵļöСƳȥ
ܴʿͬʿʿ͵һˣ˷ܴһ˳ȥԴеķɽȷڻܴʿСơ
ˣϣȻƣ
ȥɣ
ɱүɱǣ
Ѱʿͱ񾭣̸£Ͷֵ׼ܴʿͻȻ֣ʱһԽнңһˮ˹̵͹Уһ±ը
ʮѰʿͬʱΧʿһ߷öСƣһֹʿõơ
˭˭͵Ϯҡ
ƣ
ϣң
һܴʿֶʱŭִ죬ҪܴʿȥǣΧķ̫࣬вٷ岻ȥ
εعĿռ䣬ҲɴСʮкʿһ붯ִɱǾ͸޷ʩչޱȵĳ棬ܵĿռ䶼
Ҳ֪ĸùѰʿڻ֮⵽Ԫҹһɽؿڴ͡Ѫҽһ˵һɥߡ
ǣһȺѰʿѾۺ췢ȣѰ鶼ԺֻʣɫС
ܴʿ죬ʮɾԣһɲǶѣֻһӣҲƣץϵıšСС塱öСƣһѽСƽץС
ûɥĲ񵽰СȫץеĵزСһץĻֻʿķɱǱɡ
ңץСС塱ĿĵġС壬ҶصСԣҪͬʱСԼֵܡ
ϣȻҪСƣΣ
ҶһֱԹž棬ڵȴѵĳɫʱ
˿һڳң֪ʧһſڣɫâķɽ̼ɴнˮϵһˮȥмϢ취дɵıܹڶ෨ܴʿƽ
Ҳͬʱ˳ȥϵƳȥСơ
ʸ˱˫ϵԪȴǸҶغİȫҶһƣͬҪ⵽ʿ͵Ϯᡣ
ҵĳ棬ֻء򣬿ɲǼҪ
ʸٿرɽɱټҶصıԪɽ˽סʿȻǿһʱҲƲ㽣
ܴʿŴʿңȵСϲʩ봢УȴͻȻһΣյļϢƽ͸
Ŀռ䣬һȴһ˿Ϊ΢Ŀռ䲨
ܴʿ󺧣û˿ԥȻʮɡ
һ͸ˮӲռ䴦֡
͡Ѫ䡣
ܴʿ۾ʹƺһĿȥۣѾӲǱˮϵɽжϡǱˮȻҶشĹŹַɽش׵ܲСʿ
ܴʿĿв޲òٿħ鳣˹ȥҶƴ
ǣסˡ
Ҷ⵽׷ɱʱ͵ϮûɱҶءӲƴûκʤ㡣
ңһҪҪȥ
Ҷģȡľı֮صʱ򣡹ԪӤʹľĿⷿڡͻԪӤ磬ҵĶ֣
ܴʿǿ۵ľʹЦͣһХߣλ𵤰˲ʿȫ£֮ɱһѪ·գ۹򣬳˱Ķͨ
ܴʿССƣȻͨȥ
ˮȻȥˣ
ҶؼܴʿӦ֮죬ûһٻɱüͷһˮԼǿѱ֡ǷͻϮһɲǣ΢Ŀռ䲨סһӦԵľ飬Ҫһٻɱˡ
ûɱϣСϽľ⣬ȴ´
Ҷ¶ɫ
ˮ漴֣˻
ܴʿȥֱۣͬöС塱ƣҲѾһҧס˻ȥҡͷβҶؽűߵ⡣
ߣȥͨ
ҶؽС彻ʸ̳αһͨȥ
ţ
ʸɿͷ
ͨڴдһ޴ġ֡ǽľˮͨУλ塣ĵͨڣδд֣ϹűĺĿ⡣
ҶС塱ƣСС塱ơ
ƣͨȡýʿԪӤʿҪı
ʣСƣ˭ȥҶص飬Ҳûȥôࡣ
ܴʿҶأȺöСеö
ʣµСȻĸӼҡ
־棬̸£ؼʱʵסֻʵǿѰʿܽᵽ֡
Ѱʿɱƣϧ
ⳡƽϢѾƲסɱ۵ĳ棬ƿڴ˼䣬ҡҡͷҲܲôˣ죬תһֿͨ⡣
Ƭ֮䣬Ʊһա
Ƶʿ׷׳ͨڡ
ЩͨϹʿµĽûƾͳȥ
ֻеǳٶֶᱦˣ
룬ӸղŲпɱлµѰʿδõͨƣңմȾѪĲʣ޺޵Σȴȥôͨ
ϻżʬ壬ЩڸղŴսѰʿ
Զ룬ƫƧһǵʿıܿⳡֻ
ҪǸղҲУڶҲΪһ߱ʬ壬ʬ޴档
˳磡֣ɻԣ໥һۣһµɫ
ֶˣȴѾˣһ亹仰Ҳ˵


525 ʯ
ҶػΪһӰʿսı嵽ͨҲͨڴͨڣһɵĹţź⡣
ʸҶƹǰ
ͨǰҶԥһɲǣЩ
޷Ԥϣڣʲô
ͨⷿĿıƷޱȣĹſҲʲôûУһϾǰսʱµϹű⣬꣬˭Ҳ֪ʵ
Ҷϲûаյ顣
ǣڵȴðա
Ҷر񾭣еһɫơ
öſƣܹӱȡüԪӤʿıǸΪֵƷ뿪ɱĴЩûᵽƵĽʿ϶Ŀⶢϣ鷳
Ҷ֮ͨǰͷһʿɱĴܴʿ˵ȼˣ˴ⷿͨ
㵣ͨͳϵǼ˵ˣСƣܴӿȡȻǽΪܽȥҲܣ
ʸҶǰɣɿʵ
˳ȥӦòʲô⡣ҵǵǲϣжŴƣɽľ⡣ľ洢˴鵤ϺܴܿľеõϡޱԪӤ˵õԤϣһ£ͻԪӤ磬ǿ׶༪١
Ҷ¶֮ɫ
֮ǰķֻ֪Щɫܿ⣬ǲ֪ÿһܹһⷿԲѡŴơ֪ÿƵõĻ϶߶Ŵƣ˵ʲôҲòлõԪӤ
ղһˮͻϮϸһͬѾľ⣬ҪɱҲѡߣǽ⣬ȴȡ취ɱ
Ҷҡҡͷٶ룬ͻʸɫ֮С
һҫ۵ĻɫĻҶضپʶһ㱡ٴʱȴͻʸѾһ谵Ϲͨڡ
ͨɴļӲޱȵʯɣΰɭϡ
ͨʯϣյյӫʯơ
꣬ЩӫʯɷŰĻιԡ
Ҷһ˵أоŨϵǿʮϡ
ͨ
Ҷͨǰ
տͨ׵Ľ¡
κΣգ
ֱͨû˿ΣգʿͨС
ʸһеСɫ⻪֡ҶҲˡЩֵ˵ĪƣûдͨڵĽƣϽı⣿Ͻı⣬Ƿǰһ
ûнϽı⣬ֻ˵
Ҷشͨҡͷÿһã籦󷨡֮࣬ͬʲôƣҲҪ
˵⣬ֲʵϣҲżȻʹùʵĺɫơҲ֪뱦⡣
൤ҲдõĿⷿǸȫͬɱػʲô󷨣ǿֱӽȥȡƷ
ʸü΢
ֻһһͨӦͨĿⷿȻûʲô쳣ûСЩ
Ҷ룬Ȼɻ󣬵Ҳûʲôͷ
˵꣬ԪɽȫſɴнѤâպյֳСͨ׹žֳִơ
Ž۷ʵŽ׺ʵĸһ˳
˵ûʿڣΪ˾ܰȫҶҲʵ
ʸ˵ͷԱ˫ɱ
⣬׻ϵһҲͷ˳
ȶű޴ĵųԹŽСƣߣӯķ
ֻǣڵ̫Ũٿص쳣صĸоһƺǧؼףԶһ롣
˵ʵھŲʿҲһսֻ֮ҪԪӤʿԱûʲô⡣
߰ɣ
Ҷĵͷ˵ͣͻʸһ𣬴ͨǰȥ
ͨһ·ֱУǻȡÿǧɣһת䣬ͨڣͨȻǻͣȴԹ
ҶСĵ˺һͻȻμ٣ĿȻ
ǰɴһͷʮɸߵʯ֡˫ȭأһĹԭأƺڳߡ𾪵ǣԵҪŨǧٱһɫΡ
ŨһּΪǿҵĳ͸Уƶ
ǡʯ֣ɵϵʯ֣˵ʯ֣Ԫ𣬾ԽԽǿһ顣
ʸҲշ˫¶֮ɫ
Ҷ΢΢һһۿʯֵʵǰʯ̶֣ȣѾаˡŽףǽкʵʯ֡
ʯִӳоѹһչꡢꡱȻվжʮɸߡ
ţͷԵҶغͻʸһҲûӦδʿ̤ĵ̣Ծ÷ǳİ
˽ĵ̣ǲ̵ġͻȻ˷ӦŭķͳĺУ¡Ĵ󲽣󲽱嵽ҶؽǰȻӳСɽ޴ʯȭ
һȭʵˣȻ߽׷׵ʿҲܴɷ⽴
Ҷ΢΢һûϵʯ˱ֱ꣬ӳ˹
Ųæһ̧֣ɽ̽һ޴Ĵн󣬳ʯֹ˹ȥ
飡
ʯȭӲнһȭднһɽϣнһҵ𵴣⻪˼֡
ŵĴƣ˿ҲŷǿҵĹâ϶һֵĻ֡
Ҷԭ΢΢ŵɫ
ͷʯ֣ȷʵֻн𵤺ڵʵƲ˴нķʵͱĶ֡ûɫƣҲܴȥ
ȥ
ʸͬʱٿر˫Ϊâʯȥ
ɽʯ֣һܼġ죬һЩʯ
סʯֵķǿĿ£ȵϵԪ
ʸȣԪȻ޷ͷʯֵʯס
˫Ȼûܸɶ˺Ǳĺȴʯһ˱˪ףĲͻȭӵĽӲٻһˣʯϺִܿϸܵѺۡ
˫Ŀ⣬һţֳǹͷʯִ˹ȥЧһǹȥֻǴһȭͷȱڡҶҲûʲôΪһ߱ٷƵĿֻܼǾмǿıٷԣǹɫʯʯ׷ǿ飬ʲôɫı֡
ͬʱſһʬҺʯϣʴʯס
ʯֱףҶءʸٿطɽΧŹ
;ҶغͻʸʯԼĻ֡
ȴ֣ʯһϻɫ֣㱻Ʒһ
Сȷб֮Ч
СĹҶնʯʮ£ʯֱ㡰һΪӲʯ飬ɢڵϡڼŨҲƮɢڿС
Ҷʰͷʯ֣˷ɽҡҡͷϧͷʯ֣ٴǧܴ꣬ﵽԪӤʵѱر⡢ȴǼǿ飬ԪĽ¡
ʯֿض
ʸ˫һȻĶܿҡͷ֪ѱʯ顣ңһʿҲ꣬ԪӤʿҲǧԪѣȴԪͽɸ߽飬ͳһѰ׹ˡǣֱץԪӤʯ֣ضѶ̫ͬߡ
䡢䡭
ͨŭֽӸͨڴ
ԣͨڡкܶʯ֣
ҶغͻʸһۣɫЩס
¡ĽŲ²ʮ֮ڡƣҲҺ˶ʯַͻ


526 ڤ
խͨڣɫӰŲԾգۼɡ
һȺʯΧˣŭĻȭǵصȭӰÿһȭɽѵƣÿһζţͨľ𺳡
ޱȵɫӰǵٶԵùڻʮȭоȭڿմеһȭУȴĻɫΣȵ
ҶزҺǾ
ͬµģǵյнס߽ϵ
ʯ
̼䣬ɷΧľ޴ʯǣִΧ޴ɶ㣬ֻӲ
֮ŭ
Բ֮ڣҵضɽҡת粽СһٻΧ֮С
ɳУ
ƾճɳУΧһкʿҲԳѡ
Ҷغͻʸƣܷϵ֣󲿷ʬ޴档
ˣȺʯֽӶķƵޱǱȫͨӣȺʯֵľ
Ƭ̹˴ʮͨȣֻͨǰͷһţ⻪תĿɫϲ쬵ĳ˽ȥʯֶ˹档
ҶٿΧѾһǧɾ͵ĿⷿڣԼԡ
һⷿҶ̸оЩƺһǿҵΣմڡ
̧ͷϿȥֻⷿϵʯڣ䣬ƹתһЩĿѣԡ֮Уһſŵɫ飬ÿֻȭͷСɫ׵硰ꡢꡱ˸һļµĿֲϢ
飿
ǿⷿؿ󷨣
Ҷغͻʸͬʱϳ飬һۣɫ𺳡
ɵ飬ܺԪڱ󷨴߶£һöһԪӤʿͬԪ⵽شҷֲ
ⷿĽƷ֮С
ֻҪƣҲ鵣Ļ
Ҷɫƽջߣط
ⷿУһ߸ߵĽʯʯͬķй⻪ȻҲĽƣⴥ
ÿһʯϣٵĴһĽƹ֡
Щ֣ȻǱƲܴ򿪡
Ĵֹ֮ڡ洢Ŵʯ鼮ᡢͼֽͼǹż༫䷱ӡ
ⷿĺ棬һ޴ϵʯ񣬾ȴľʯ񱳺󣬻һͨͨϷвԾٵ֣ڿ⣡
ﻹֻ⣡
Ҷ΢΢̾
Ͻ峤ϣִơսϽĹر⣬仹ʸ룬ҲһЩ˽ص
ϽĿعģûǰⷿˡ
ڶ޵󷽣ڿ⣬ǲ˵ˡ
ŴݵһϹʿӪصĿأ˹ģ治֪Ϲ˴ٳĳжǿ󡣡
ʸҲЩ̾
ϧһöƣһֻȡ
ҶؿĿŵ伮ɵϧڱ֮Уȴ޷ȡ
ɣ
˵ţĿɨУʶɿӹʯϵÿһ
Щ϶һμ̵Ϣ¼ŴƷĴ
ʸ֪ʱ䱦Ҳ飬ʶٲ鿴
ջ澭ڶ׻ϵ̫ϵϳˡ
ܾƵ伮ɽ磬ƺѾʧѾá
˫Ʒ𵤽
ʶ鿴ٶȻҲ˽һ㹤򣬲Ŵ¿ЩװʯĴֱԹЩʯӦսʱãϹʿֻΪЩʯ
ҪѡڵĹؼ
Щ伮ǰƷһֱɹĺܶѾʧżϹַзһУĳۡһЩ伮Ȼֻǽ𵤼𣬵Ǽֵơ׹ԪӤҲʹá
һҶ̲ס
ʸͬѡ㻹ڿУѡԪӤĵ伮ʱȣǾȥ䡣
ãȥ
ҶӦһڿĴƣ޵񱳺ͨȥ
ڿͨйİҶУȫͨıڵľֳֻƣСĽǰȥ
ֻʮಽҶظеһƺǴĳֽƣǰһѵһྰ󣬵СĿⷿڡ
ڿ÷Ŵʯֻٸ
ڿıڶһɴʯڿĽƣʯΪģɢ
ļµǣʯԴΪӣɫ׹ҫۣһϢĻϢ
ԪӤڵʿͼǿƳڿĽƣȡ߿أҲᱻЩֱӺ
ҶؿһۣⴥڿĽƣרĲ鿴ЩʯϵԪӤ
ڿУȫתϹŹƣһСģҪûΪɻң³
ڿеĴ˲٣ÿһڶװżмֵƷԪӤʿõϵĶ
ҶػСƬ̹򣬷ɿĲ鿴ţϲáǶ̻ᡰ󡱣һҲҳ˶ԪӤʿɵؼ
ÿһƷ䱦½ǶܹΪ֮Ʒƾ˴һˡ
ǿҶȴҲ̲סü
ЩϹԪӤĵ伮УôûСԪӤƪ
ҶȻϲãȴҲĹ̲סЩʧ
ΪչԪӤԽԽҵԪӤƪü޵顣
ĻһԪӤں󣬱ûãϺĽչ
ǣԴ
ǣҪԴԪӤڹɲô׵顣
źϹʿ֮ţǧۣܴһ׶컯Դ򵥡
İɣһЩ伮Ҳǳ
Ҷεҡͷ룬ͻ˼ŵϹŵ伮
Щżƣ඼ʮİ
ЩϹԪӤ伮һС룬ڶɽһ룬Ϊ̡̫ıԭ򣬿ʧҵ
Ҷʶɨһļ飬΢΢һ
ڤ󷨡ϵһλϹŴܹޣħ½Ĵ½֮˴󷨰󣬺ԪӤڡھ֣֮һ㡣ǡ˵Ŀⷿڣôй޵Ĺֹʿȥ𣿡
Ҷơ
Ī˵ͳϣһԪӤؼһԶȫģ
ں˻ڵĹϵ
ڼ֣Ҷذһ
ⲻԪӤڹӦڸһεĻڹˡ
⡶ڤ󷨡伮£ǲ÷ڿеģӦˡħ˵ܲڣͷʸȥʹõƷ


527 Ƭ
⻯ڵĹ޹»ǡޡǵĻ
ҶذԲ²⣬ҡͷⲿڤ󷨡˵Уһֱûλͷ⻯ڵĹ޹ȤԲŷУΪ
ҪҪƴ򿪽ƣȡ
Ҷһ뵽⣬Щԥ
еöƣֻʹΣȡԪӤʿܹʹõƷ
ÿһΣһȡƷĻᡣ
Ҫһǣϵûаôôһ䣬תɹޣòϡ
˵õĻĸʹãȥ
˵һͻԪӤھ磬֮󣬾һܹʹ⡶ڤ󷨡
Ҫ֪Ȼڹʿǲ𼫴
ҶҲҿ϶ܲ伮
ˣðɣְ˹޻ڹĵ伮ڶɽ磬ٶʯҲûȥ򡭡һԪӤ伮ֻҪ㹻ʯܹ򵽵ġλᣬδлõĹ伮ˡ
Ҷس˼˺һɫã¶Ĳٳɡ
еĴƣʯϵĽƹһġ
ʯĽƣһƹâɫѣΪâʧڿУ֮
Ҷؼ˽ƣһѽʯװšڤ󷨡ĴȡС
ǣ򿪴ʶһ̽Ҷɫȴʱһ䣬Щѿ
ֻһƴСѵļ׹ǣҲ֪ʲô޵ĺǼƬƳɵġ
׹ӦüԶϸС乂ֱӿڼƬϣĿӲ鿴
ɽ磬ĶǼڣʶ鿴
ȱļ׹ǣǴһļ׹˺ƬķͬǲȱȫĹ伮
ġڤ󷨡ֻһöȱƬѹųƺлڹĵ伮ᱻط䵱ȱȫĵ伮׳¾ǹҲƬͷˣ׹ƬȤȱȱ
ҶɫƴС͸ɭȻɫ׹ƬȡС
һ֣پһ˿˿Ϣ壬ĻֶסϢֱӴ͸֣Ǳ׹ء
ʲô׹ǣȻԵʥأؾʮ״ͨظţģҲˡ˼׹Ƭ¿±ظţĻ
Ҷһæһ״˿׹ƬסϢɢڵϢŸеһЩ
ȻⱦڣԪӤʿҪЩðɣݣӦöԵݽ
Ҷü˿ƽ鿴ƬϵϸС
Щϵķģ»ɬЩ⡣в֣ͨãҲܴ¿˼룬ܿϳˣһ
Ҷؿɫӣ֪ϲǸþɥ
׹Ƭмصݣȷǲڤ󷨡һС֣ڹϵݡңǹϵеһС֣Լʮָ߽׹
ԪӤʮ׵ʮ׵Ĺʮֵ
񼶹ʮ׹һֵ
Լϣ˵ԪӤڵĹϵ֮ҲǿƵϡϾõҩҲķ֮һ˭Ҳ˵Ϲ˵
Ҷȴơ
ΪһʦõʿԪӤ񼶵϶ޱȻϲ
ǣƫƫǹϵ
˵ҩ˭ã
ãĸ죿
ҶزɿЦӡ
ⸯˣɱԼϼ֡ǰһʮ׵ļƷǣˣٶȱԼ졣
Ҫƹһ鷳Ҫ
ɽʿȡ𣬶鵤油Ϊƽ׵ӵЧáڤƬмصĹ϶Ը߽ƣ
߽𣬼Ϊѵãֲױ档𣬵Ǵֻ̫ͣ𵤼Ĺ޷ԪӤĹҪ˵Ĺˣ
ҶһѰ˼ţ׹Ƭ봢ڣպá
ʱȣ뿪֮ϸô
Ҳûʱȥʲô˼ʣµѡϡ
ƣѡ

սСͨԪӤʿʹã
Ƭ֮Ҷؿһϵļ飬һ
ҶزԼոѪɫ֮ʱ򣬳ڹŴݵĴϡ
Ǵ󣬾ӴۻϹսļװ塣
΢һ
ϹսھСͨ־ͷգԼԭϣ临ӡֻмǿʵԪӤʿۺĲʵȥһսԪӤʿݡ
սһźеڿڣÿһͺڣܽһǿʿĩǿ󻤼׷ʿҲԹơ
սܹϸ߿գηɸ߿յҷͨʿڼ߿գ޷̫ҵҷСսԡ
Ҳں溽УǱ뺣Уη޵Ϯ
һϹսΪ̫Ӵ󣬲̫ʺʿ֮ĵֻʺսϳ֡
ڴģսУ־ս͡
ǿĻ㹻ǿķ֮Ϊһʱ;ݵ㡣
սУϹսֱһƶıݣսϵм
ŴݵѾΪƷսΪһС;ݵ㣬ԪӤʿʿʹá
Ҫ˵Ʒõսжˡ
ľսҲֻ˺ħˣɹϵԪӤʿõַھɸӣʿԴ˾Լ䱣ܣڶܹƴʿټ١
ҶҲû뵽ϹűУҵһСͨս
˺ħˣгѪɫ֮ŵ̵Ĵ㡣ʿȻԴǿҵķӦֹʿռѪɫ֮ⶫʿʵ͡
µսѾ֮ڣ¾ͻѪɫ֮
һ꣬Լнϸߵİգڴս֮ǰԪӤھ磡
һսȫܹߡϵСʹ󣬿ʱдͣǼشԮΪõΧɥ
෴ûսһʿΧ䣬޿ɱ⡣
һսԶʤһСͨԪӤ伮
ȻˣͬСͨս־ͷСͨ˵ĵĲԭϣѶȣҪ߳ٱ֮ޡҪѶȷͬѰ
Ҷص˼ɿתѸټס
սϵʤܣ;ͷȥǵ飬Ҫȥǡ
ԼԣȷȫΪҪ
һϹսԼбİգҪϼࡣսϳľ棬ʿȫܣҲսϵĴ󣬻ӻضеʿĴӪȥ
ʿ޷Ѫɫ֮ɱеȥ
ʱǼʹԪӤڣֹģսУҲֻΪڻҵķݡ
Ҷؿǵ˾
ֱƣʯϵĽƹ֣ȡ֡
һ
ҶɨһȦѡһԪӤĽ
ǱȴΪȡģǿΨһһʺϱʹõԪӤ
ѡƷҶȥ̽ʱȴ˿
ҶؿڿĿĴֿ˿񷶥飬ȴֻ̾˿ٻͷ뿪ڿ⣬ͨص⡣

һҶسȵЩ͵ĵĻʸӭ
Ҷؽװб𽣾Ĵ򵥵Ľһڿеȡ
ʸҶ뱦أȻǹҸѡһƷůӿĬĬպֻ
ԼѡĽڵ伮Ҷء
ʸѡƷһ滻±ǡĶ׽𵤼ĽǬ𽣾
һǼϹ񣬼˴ġ־졷ⱾؼﺱôǼΪǳټ
һᣬǡ󷨽Ҫ
ʸ֪Ҷض󷨵˽٣Ѫɫ֮޴ڵϹ󷨡ƣ䵥ͬûо֮ͨˣ޲ߡⱾ伮ȻǽβȴǷ˸󷨽ƣ󷨵⣬Ҳ棬ʸǵĲνܵ
Ҷضʱױ⣬պá󷨽ҪȻ»һۣҡͷ̾ڶ࣬ȡȴΪޣЩϧˣ⻹ֻ⣬ļصģƷڶֵ࣬ͬơҪľ⡣
Ҷزâһ߰ɣȻջСҲ˲̵ʱ䡣ܴʿǱߣмĿܻԪӤһܲ˵ĽԪӤ磬һɹֻ˭ҲκáǼ취콫
ʸҲͷţаޣֻжöͨͨͨ»бʡӦûϵüߣ


528 ջ
Ҷغͻʸ䣬ⷿڶͣ
˳ͨƣһ·ĻͨʯȺصϹű
һУҶر顢֣ɻԣֶˣзʿڴĽ䣬ԷųסĿϥоµõķ
⻹֮ǰƵսУҴѰʿңѪ߰ߣŴļʯϢ
ǻڱڣû뿪Ȼǲģ뿪ⱦ⡣
ڵŵļʬ壬ҲȥᡣѪɫ֮Ѱʿˣ뱩ʬҰ绯Ϊǡֿѣ򲻻ȥᡣ
˼ҶءʸȴгĿⲻ˹ȴȻͬ
ǷʿĿԵЩ죬ƺûϵҶˣȴ˿г
Ѱʿɫ粻֪Ҷ˿϶ȡƷʡĽ֮ɫԱȴóȻᣬǵʵκβҶط򸾡
ңֶ֣Ҷؽãһġ
ҶһʵѾԸɵˣø̫ۡ
Ҷѣջ²Сɣߣһʿƴƴȴû뵽ȴҶƽ׵ĺô
ȻҶ֣һӣȴ̲סԼ
Ҷ֪һͷǳޣ䳰ȷ
ĳǲϣȴǰ⼸ѰʿûҪǽƽôࡣ뿪Ϲű⣬ȥ󣬶ԸаޣʿҲǲڻҰӡ
λˣҲ֪ڵĿضʯֵ伮棬ȡ˼𵤼ԪӤѡȻֵƣڿеصУƷˡأҪõĶࡣ
Ҷ˵꣬ȡöż֤ԼԷ顣
ҲܱǣտҪá
ǼѰʿҶص֮һۣ˼֮ɫȴԼȥ
öԪӤʿʹõ򣬲֪ʲôݡȻ󣬵ڶĴ̻Ҳܻ߼Ƚ׵ƷûеΪɱȥĵز
ǶǾΪϵѰʿǽ𵤺ڵʿ˵ʵڻΪ⼸öȥƴֵ
ҶصջҲãȻҲΪȥʡ
ƽһЩ
ϲҶ֣
Ҷֵ˼Ĺ򣬳ȥ󣬿ҪҶ˵Ŵݵ㣬һϯǣ
顢֣ɻˣǼҶ˴ȻЩĽȴûʲô֮ģЦףص
˵öؾڵõʮӣǱʵ
֣ɻԵõʮǸõĶƽʱ洦
ɽڣ»Ҳܸȡ
֮ܵõЩҶкܴĹϵ
۽ˣǶһƷҲ
֮ԸҶغ񽻣ϣҶλǱǿʿùϵպлõĺôȴǶڣͼôһô
ֶˣһ·϶Ҷְģȥ֮һҪҶֲǣϯˡ
ߣæǰ͡
˵
ҶЦų϶˰ڰּ֣ѰʿɫԻͨ޶
λѵԹܹ¡
Ҷһ˵ҡ֡ѡӵѵˣҲЩ£ŵ˴˵صıƽ޹ʣõôǲˣǱаޣǸһ·ˣ˵ظûκιסƫƫȴȡľƣпܴľȡÿԪӤ˵⣬Цǲ޼鵤ڶɽѪɫ֮޴򣬶ٵ伮Ҳƾʲô鵤͸ñǵȥ
Щʿ඼ѾСڣָгһܵõԪӤͻԪӤЩʿ˵ʲô飬ܱͻԪӤھҵõļö򣬻ϵõԪӤľţһë֪Ǽλο£
Ҷص¶⡣
Ѱʿɫ̱ˡ
Ƕǽ߲㡢˲ʿֻҪٹʮ֮꣬ھܴﵽڵ۷壬ԪӤʵ̫Զˡ׼ԪӤĸ񣬲ܵȵ˽۷ȥ硣ǺͿʼıԪӤ֮¡
һ£Ҷص֮⡣
ҶصìͷǳŲȥġ
ϣǲõõƵģûʸõԪӤҪ˶෬ӣϿͱҶظɱˣֲľ⡣
ȻûʸȥӵУôˣȻзˣ˭лõ֡
Ѱʿʱ鼤
еöԪӤô֣Ҳֵǵõôһö˰ɣϾҶء˵ˣѾӱȡһݱˡ
Ҷ˵Ĳаʲôв֪Ⱦ˶ѰʿѪҲһֱ
ǽ𵤺ʿ˵ֻ֣֮һԪľȻͨҲֻܿ̾ΨͻΪ磬ӳԪӤΪҪ֮
еԪӤȫݹҵȲ
ͬ
ǼѰʿһ쳣
ҶظгǶ֪
ҶⷬʾҪòϿԪӤǾͬҶصһ㼵ʣҲ֮ʧˡ
ʿȺߵʱ򣬽ͨ˸˺һýͨСѰʿӹ˳
λѣʲôأ
˳߹ȥǺЦʵһȵһز¶ȡ
㣬ǵʲôñ
ҶЦʵ
ҵԪӤĹż򡢲ƬɫƲ⣬أ϶Ҳмõ鱦Ʒ˳нƣȡ鱦ٲãҲСͨһεġ
֪ʡ
Ȼ˼Ҷջ񣬲̲ЦҲûʲôǼڡԪӤʹõķѡѣҲ˼ǳԪ
Ҳס˸ɴˣֻǲδ˵ʲô
ӽڣȡõļСͨʱִ٣ҲֻܲݲһټСͨʹƣ붯ʵҲѡ
ϲ֡ѡ
ҶصһЦ̫ڵӣҲ˾ЩʲôСͨ
Ҷջ񣡡
˲Ը͸¶ԼĵףȻҲȥ̽Ҷصջ
ˬʵЦŹ֣ȴЩǣҶϣ֪ԼСͨȴȻ治ɫѲɣҲС֮ͨɱϽĳϣЩǿֶΣȴҲ֡е򡢵伮Ҳ㲻ʲôҪıȷһţظΪСıҪ
˲ɫ˼š
Ȼ赭дֻ˼ԪӤʿõķ
ڳʿʿֶǲ⣬Щۺ졣
Ѫɫ֮ðյĽʿмԪͷǳˡСͨǲȥġ
ֻԪӤʿſӵСͨ
ĳɹʿԪӤʿŻСͨʹ͸Ҫĵϵʿ
˵ⷬջ񣬾Ǽ󡣶赭дһ㣬һڹȥ
ǼѰʿ֪˵ļʣҪȶҶصļʻǿҡ˵ʵԼҶص̬ȣҲǿгᡣ
λղ£
ƳǵɫΪ⣬ʵ
Ŷ˵ܴа֮¡ϵľƣ²ĲȡöԪӤ
Ҷغ˿˼䣬ص˵˶٣۽ɨʿ飬Ц˵֣㲻áöԪӤȫòϵˣ̫𣿡
ҪɱϣԪӤ
һ͸ĿҶءޱ飬˼
Ϊβɣѵֵ˴ʱֹ
Ҷͬ
ⱦڣϵһѰʿȫ˺ҶءǵȻ죬ȴ͸һǿҵ־ɱϡ
Ҷغʿһγһ£˸ֹͬͬ⣬һβǱ
Ҳֹ
պ޼˲ܴаޣ֮ǰǣҶصǿгͷֹҶضֵͼ˲һһ·
ûϵϹű⣬ͨ
ϾȻĺȶɱ˶ᱦȥ˼ΪҪľͨơһңѰʿɱ˲أЩ¡
һöĴƣʱҲҪִɱˡ
ⷬΪӣûǣҶصã޴鷳
ڣҲ˼Сͨͷʵǣ˵صκһѰʿҪȥǣҶء
Ѿɥʧüֵ
ңԪӤѾڲϵɱɱ˭
ұһĹĻᣬѰ·ɱȻ޲ɣڡҶѣҪɱ
˿Ҷһɫƽ˵ţ쾭һ֮ǰ෬ֹҶɱϵ顣
˺Ҷ˵䣬ʿˣҲ̴ӻ⡢ˮֳͨ
һüЦƲסϲãȻԼջΪ⡣


529 ɴ
֮ǰ뱦ͨѰʿ˿̼ˡ
ֻвһľ⣬ٳδ֡
ĽʿҪôڱУҪô˸ͨ
ʿʿк˸ȴֻڲᣬҲ˵ջ񡣲˵Ҳ֪Ļ⣬д׷ԼԱΪԵ
ˮ⣬ȴ֮õļƷϡЩʲôֻ˲ˡ
ĸصıջޱȣԿܡ
ǣȲľԪӤ
ͻԪӤ磬кʿ׷ĸ
֮ǰΪƶɱĲɿѰʿ˿̶Χһ˿֮ǰ໥ɱ顣
˽ϵ⣬˵˳
ϣɱ
ʿֻ꣬˵ĸ֡
ȻϹűı޷ȡҵҲûʲôҪҪ뿪˵ءң˵滹аޡɱ˲ϣٳȥҲ١
Ҳԡ
Ȼû˷ԣҲͳ׶
ɱ֮ηԪӤǼ鷳һ֮ʿջǶ˭ɱϣܹõһöԪӤöɳĵȥ
ɱһ£ܲɱһ¡
ʿ˵ţһҶأζȻ˵ЩͨλҲѾ֪ûľͨƻ봳ľ⣬ɱϣɥԼ֪ѣҶѣôɱܣ
⻰ʿһüȴҲ֪⻰١
ϣľǿнӤǿô죿ҪǽӤɹΪԪӤʿȫҪꡣ
Ƭ̣ʵ
ң
âһǸһĨɱЦӤᣬҪ£ıչءǲһ˼ľڽӤҳֻǿгľ⣬ɱϣľдľϵ֣δصסǣӤ֮ǰҪ
˷˺ݻȴҲûе棬ֻʿ
ʿ˿̶֪ⱦͨڣγɵľּ࣬ϰ֮ڣҶǽ𵤺ʵһʮʿȥֻķݡ
٣Ҫһ󲿷֣ſܽľڡ
ҪɱȥҲٵʲôˡ
һֱ͵ƲķʿͻȻϾϹűڽӤ
ΪΣ
˲֣æѯԭ
ԭʵҲ򵥣ʿͻƾ磬޽ԪӤػؼΧ٣סǣϹűλص׼ֻҲ޷˺ز㡣ң˱⻹иֱ׽ٸⱦڣû׵ġ
ʿƽ˵
ǲϲԽľܿ٣иսӤ
ֵ˵꣬ƺЩĻҪǲϳΪԪӤʿĻᣬˡǿе㼬ˣ
Σ׵ƺľڵ飡
ʿƳ˿һۣĮȻҪľڶɴ٣䲻ףȴһľڴľϵĺЩȴٵ׻£ԪӤʿҲ·һֵסҪǸڿڽӤԣҪӤһѡط
գȴûǵһ㡣
ˣǲΪһֱľڣȲӤҲô죿ѵҵһȺʿôɺȥҲǰ취һǵýľ֮Уȥɱ
ʿüͷʱλѣ˭Ҹһȥľͨڣľľ֣ɾɹȥ
˷׷ײĿ²Ǵĵģͨľͨ
ʿٳԣȻ㹻ֶΡ
˵ڻڣʲôķȥ
ʿһʱ⶯
жǿдľͨǿԿǽȥġ
˲֪ʿʲôֶΣڴʲộСͨҲԡľͨȻգδҪ
ҶصȻҲľͨĹֶΣˡʿ١
ɱľȥΣռȥǵֶΣ
˳һϵֶ򣬶ֻǵĲ²ѡϺܻܿòɱȥҵաǲٿɱȥ
տ
Ҷش˴һۣɻزסˣʿʶһɨܷ֡㾫֮ͨĵطҲزˡ
Ҷѵ𼱣
һЦӴȡһһһɳɰɫεƮɴ˳
ɴʣҴӽڵõһСͨʩչܸɷΧ߽ʿͬʱȫм˹ķͬǿˮ׵ȸϵ߽׷ԪӤʿ޷м
СͨɣֱӽڳʮʿֽȥҪķ߶˲ʹáҪͬʱ˵ĻҲ첻ԸԪȥ߶
Сͨ
Ŀ⾪̾ۼһСͨȫһ¡
Ѻ۹⣬ֶΣд֣ľڣҲܽ磬Щֺ֣αأպѰѿﶼȥģջȻޱˡ
ʿɴʣȴЩޡ
ӻڵõķȻ󣬵ȴһƷСܹͨʹãԪӤҲȥ
˷һССȱ㣬ƶһͻй¶Ϣ޷ˡ
˲ʿļޣоâһȴȻǺЦаһʱп֣ܳλѻ̽ľڣɲ˴٣ǳֻ̽ҪǵɴڣǷֲˣ϶Ŵ󣬴ͳȥֻҪ뿪ľͨڴ֮У֮ʱ
˽ɴʡһţ϶£ʿУȥΡ
һᣬͻȻʲôֶֶͷʿڿһˣ»ϵĻɣҳλѺͷʿɴ֮⡣һǿɳԣǵŴ󴦡
һ̾ôУֶ˲ΪȫǶ֡ǲаһĺֻ»־ͿɱǶˣǳȥǲô
λʵ϶Ӧò̫˵ϼѵѡҵôʿڴˣҲǼλȫ³֮ұкͣ
˲˵
ѿǵܵ³ȥ
ʿ˵һ䣬߳ɫĻ
ֶ״һԥôʿҲᷢʲô⣬Ҳֻø˳ȥԶԶѡһ£Щ֡
˱Ϣ񣬰Ŀⶼľͨڡ
һʱУֻʣϡʿ˵Ϣ


530 
ܴʿֳСƿľڿͨд߳Ũüһ緢ĿϲһɨǰҶնһ۵Ļް֮
֣ڿԪӤѾȡˣ
ľⷿУʿʿںţܴʿæӭȥɽŵʵ
һٿƣȴȻ̲סĿܴʿֻɢӨ׹İСƿȻδ۷Ϊ뵽õһö𵤺ʿԪӤʱ͡
öԪӤڻвԪӤϧƴ򲻿Ľƣ޷ٽԪӤȡ
ܴʿһеƿּʿһѵ̬һЦֻֽƿ䴢УϵܣҲҪļҲĳӦһöȻŵֻΪ𵤺۷廹ЩԶԪӤؼŸ㣬㱣ܡôãȻ㣬ҳƽڣɾԪӤ棬ٲĺô
˵ʵˣвٽڿõ鵤ϵܿҵʲô鵤
СѰ˼ţǵΪѾ̫Ҫõ鵤Сȡƿ鵤ϽԪһƿ鵤ˣ鵤
ʿæƿ鵤ϡ
ˣһƿʣµš
ܴʿͷһƿ鵤ζƿһ崿㣬һ鵤һϽݵҩƶɣΪΪϡ٣Чǿڶɽ缫
һ£ȴδãһֱ봢С
Ȼ˵ʿδظ鵤жֽţѾʿйֵ鵤ǲȥõġá
ʿȻ֪϶̫ģҶ˵ʲôɨ۲ܴʿĴЩȻֵΪѾ𵤾Ų㣬ͻƿֻһǷ׼һľڶɽٽӤһӤڱڣûһǲֵĶ֣ɱҶϡϵˣҲǷ֮ѡ
ܴʿԣΪ⶯
ɵĿľдĽƷģֲľϵ󣬶ʱ⣬ҡͷ˵ضɽ٣ȷʵϼ֮أܴ׵ⱦڵĽ̫࣬дľϵ顣𵤺ʿɴٵƻ̫һãľڵĽƣҵʱʹԪӤҲֻñľ׺ɷɻҵ³
֮ǰ׼Ѿ׼һɽٵĵ졣ȡöԪӤӤĻֻܴ辡ȥ뿪ȥɽ֮أ׼ɴ٣ԪӤ´Ҷģ֮ʱ
ܴʿΪ˵˵һ䣬ܣԹô粻Ϊ㱨ڵõԪӤӤ´һֻƺ˵ȽӤ֮ѰѪɫ֮ҲҪΪ㱨𡣡
ʿƣǰɴ֪ܴʿѾѡ˶ɽٵĵ졣飬ϴ˵
ֹȻŲߣ
ʿܴʿѾ˾æά
ߣ
ܴʿ˿ⷿľͨȥ
ʿЩĿһǴľⷿŲܴʿľͨ
϶ˣƾͨƣһ·ͨеĹȡ
ͨİ;У˺ʿŵıʬ塣
ܴʿʬ忴Ҳûһۣδֱӳ˹ȥ
֮ǰʿʿ˽ľͨ
ǣľֻͨöֻܽľ֮С
ϡ
ʿʿΪһöľСƣľͨڴ֡ʿڴѾܵˣʿƣԺһľ֮С
ʿȻͨڡ
ܴʿʼգҲûȥʿͺʿ֮ᡣ
Ѫɫ֮пᡣȻֵܣҪʱҲοа֮û̸ֵܡʵˣ˭ҲԹ޲á
ܴʿҲûΪһͬ˿ʹϧ
ԪӤֻȡöӦÿ˶һݡһˣжһöԪӤȻгɹӤİգ˲ܴʿһʼԹۣδ֡

Ƭֳ֮ƣȻ˴ľϵֵľͨ
֮ǰܴʿͻȻվԥס
ҵĳ̫ࡣҶһо֮ڡһҶһײϣ鷳󣬲ԪӤסҲѱûҶϣʿҲʮ⡣ЩѰʿҿûʲôøУ֮ǰҪǸҺɱˡߣҪ֪ԪӤŹ֡
ܴʿɫ粻
ľ棬ȫĵˡ
һвҪϹű֮УǰŬȫΪӰ
ܴʿתͷʿЯԪӤײܳȥðա棬Ҳ֪ǸʲôЩѰʿͨУѾ뿪ϵгȥ̽һҡֻҪСһЩκβá
ãСܱȳȥ̽һ̽
ʿȻ֪ΣգЩԸһľͨĳڿԣ˻ؾǣжΣա
޴ƴǣֻôӦ
ȼӳֺû֣һ߽׷ų׷Ŷŵӣ߳ľͨ
ʿ˹ţǰһ»صϹűС
һ֮£ɵıУ˼ʬһЩķƬ⣬ֻΪ͵ֶ˺ͷʿһ䣬ĿŸյõķ
ϵ˲˴ľų̳ľⷽ˹
ֶԵЩڣΪ
ʿȴֻüһʿ
ôֻļڣһЩѰʿȥˣѵͨ
ʿľĹǰվЩǣĿɨÿһطȴʼûκ㲻״϶˺ȵλѣô£˵ôֻʣˣ
Ҷʿ򸾡ʿ˵ˣڸûأʿòǳֲҽͨðգѾӴȥˣȥڷĴң˵ܷϹʿı
æ֮ǰ˵õĶԲߣʵ
ŶλΪڴ˵أһȥѰ
ʿһתɵ
һæЦ˵ЦˣֶʲôΪȺȥģ˴˵أϹޣʿ׶༪١Ǵֻȵʿ˳ͬһ뿪;ҲиӦλʿҲô˼ֶ޳ԹҲûʲôҪֲָ̧ҪֶΪѡ
һϻ̳Ͽֵģ١
ʿһ£Ҳ˼֣ŤͷǷʿ飬Ҳûʲô
赣ģҲΪǡ
ʿһ䣬תţصľͨУеϸܴʿ֣һҿǻǾ뿪˵ΪáҶϡϵ˻ͨڣʱܻȥһ䣬ֻǾ߲ˡ
ģ
ܴʿȴʱͫһĿȻЦֻڴڡһưҳȥֻģҶģֻѾ׼ˡһ˾ĵıҪеöԪӤûõҵԪӤưոݡ
⣬ôܣСҽڰ˲Ϊɴκ쳣Ƕ㲻ҵ۾֣᲻Ūˣ
ʿһ
޷⣬ô޸ɵͻȻΪҶءһѾڲ
ˣȻûڴУǾڸͨڣ϶壡ҲĳѪɫ֮ݺ꣬嶼ơ
ܴʿԭسⲽƬ̺󣬷Ȩžľڣȵţųȥ뿪߲١
ǣȾ˿ңڱڸͨԴҲ޷ʱգ޷ͬʱ֣ɱǡֻҪǶ죬һ̳ͨ嵽ϣӴ뿪⡣ҲǺ֮Ĺ׷Ҳ׷ˣƾ϶ˡʿ赲ǣ
ʿȰ
ܴʿȴ϶ʿĽᡣ
һգաһС¹ȥ
ʿżðһͷ֮̽⣬ܴʿ
ܴʿͻĪΣУһΣա
ȴ顢ҶһȺʮѰʿȲˡ֪ҪȶãܰѲϸͨڵȳ
һֱȥ
ľȥľϵɱǾͺͲϱһİɣ
Ҫľȥҷǳȥɱɣ
ҧгݡ
ɴʣѰʿȵļӣΡ
ڣЩ֮ʿ͵סˡ
Ŀһΰ£Ҳܰȥ
Ҷعʿɫȴ˿Žڣһһߵȣꡢʮ꣬Ҳ
𵤾Ų۷ʿ²żҪȡеԪӤ׼ɽ֮¡ǵһ죬һԪ

϶ˣзʿڴڣѾҶϡϵˣһӴ뿪ˣ
һգʿľţ̽һ۴֮Ȼȥܴʿ˿ܴʿɫֵʣⱦڣҪɵȥ
Ѿϰٴνˡ
ԲСĲΪȻСĹͷǾͳɵСˡ
ô
ܴʿüͷľڣ˴£쳣ЩҡپԿ϶һ
ҲȲ
ΪѪûʲôɢʿܹ𵤾Ų㣬ʣµԪ࣬˵ٵĿֻʮѡ
ɽ١ӤǹԪӤ򵥣ΪӽӤɹļʣдǰ׼Ҫȥ
Ӥ֮ɽõĸߣزٵġ
Щ׼Ҫĺܶʱ䡣
һνӤɹôҪ׼ڶΣҪĴʱ䡣ԵѣζûܽӤȥѰҸԪӤ
ϣȻãֱܲӷ
ⱦڣʲôˣֻƽ׵ĺԪΪﵽ𵤾Ų۷壬޷ٽȥ
ԣûǮɺȥжǡ
ߣ
ܴʿͻȻٳɣһ䣬ľĹš
ʿһϲųͨڡ
ܴʿϵԼߣľͨĹſվλãʱ˻ľ֮С
ɵĿű
谵žͿˣֶзʿӰ֪ȥ
ܴʿʶɨ˼飬ִ޴УųһֻǣСëޣֻ꣬ڵʵ
ֻһëޣ
Ȼûй쳣ȴκ΢춯ŵ΢ʹǽʿƤǰزټ
ԪӤʿܡ
ϡޣר׷Щϵƽʱһ㡣
ڴʱ𵽼ãΪ̽
ģǶ˼ºȻڴһȦҡҡСԴչڲܴʿϣ¶˰޵ĶƤ֨֨ûʲô
ߣ
ܴʿͷΣʿٴȷһͷֱӿٳĹŴȥ


531 ͨ౦
ĴҲɡһľĹţмĹŴ󣬲˲ϢĹ
֣
аޣɣȾ˲֪ѰʿѪܾˣվڣ
סţд󣬱òаˣ
Ѱʿ˽һ£ʮֲ͡ϳɲǣһСͨɴʣȡʱʮӰƾֳ
ѰʿΪһɱϣȡԪӤв
Ҷض˵ֱӳľĹţռҪ
ͻʸнֶ֣һʿжϺ·Ѹײڶ֮ƣסľͨĹţܴʿʿ˻ľ֮еͨľ翹ס
ˡʿһʿȴֱӳڵĹŴȫֹܡ˽Ŵ󣬴ӶⱦԶݶȥ
ѰʿֱɱܴʿʿͼǶΧɱ
ܴʿеļܵţȻԾϼӴܡ
ʱҲû˭˵ȥ
ãѰʿôڴڣصϢ
ܴʿ⧲£̱ΧסɫȻ䣬һãȻԪħ鳣ͬʿһ𣬲ٿطֵΧĿѰʿ
ʩչʲôֶΣȻֲˣһȺʮʿڴУ
ŭɫѿļҪγˮûϵСĽ֮£
аޣɣѵˣֽ˽֮С֮ΪٵСͨһԸ㣬С˼ѣ̫ΣֻԪӤȴѱ˲һˡ
ߣаޣѾ·ˡĺ·ҶѵѶȥܳҶѵɱ˻صľͨȥֺӵֵ˵Ϸ֮£Ҳ޷Ŵ˱⣡
ƴһϧԪ˲䱩һʵҲӲġľ⣬򣬶гǶǵʵţҪ˵ˣһ˵汳Ҳ
аޣִаɣ֣ûκλ̣ᷭ
λǧСģҪа޸ȥͬھˣۿҪᵽԪӤͷҪˣԩˣ
λѣ˵Цˣа𣡣
ѰʿЦ伥ЩѰʿǾޱȷḻĽʿͰѲܴʿַ֮Ҳƺˡ
ռޣڶʿһ֡ҳһţ໥ţ׷⡣
ֻпʿ֣Χ϶ˡ
ټϲܴʿѾ·ʿҲֻǶסͨѡ
ܴʿȫֿ֮࣬Ŀ˲ɿɨڵĳӶˡѰʿΪ˶ԪӤƺҪ˵Ҳκʧֱֱǹݣ
ޣӺòײŵöԪӤһӤɽٳɹΪɽϵԪӤ档һȺ飬ȻҲӣӸƴˣҲҪͬھ
ܴʿŭ𣬴еľԪħϣħ鳱ǣӵǿĳ̶ȣһ״ҪѰʿƴ
ȼѰʿʤȯգϷˣȴ˼
£ϸƴ
Ҫ˵ƴˣܵˣҲԸ⡣ΪζɥʧõԪӤĻᡪʿöԪӤһܵ˵ʿǲʸõԪӤġ
ܴʿԽԵ÷񣬵˿ԺͷҲת÷ɿ죬Ҫıȡһ
ʯһ˲Ŀɨ˱ͨ
ڣľⱻҶص˸ס֮⣬ͨû˭ءϾѰʿ֣ͨȥصĳ̶ȡһֹȷɢ˵ôһ˿ᣬϸˣǱʱ֮ȥ汳ⶼʮֵĲ㡣
ңѰʿҲûбҪȥͨ
ΪûĸⷿͨƣʿСϽȥɱ·һʡǵ£԰װ׼ԪӤ
ǰͨҪƣܰȻͨǻеͨͨ˭ûͨƣ˭֪澿ʲô
ܴʿһҧȻһۣαĵͨ
ܴʿӴܣħɨɨΧʿкûУ쬡һ¼˵ͨɢŰ˪⻪Ĺ֮С
ԭͲȫʿȴʱ¶˱ĴƬʱҽһ׷ɽಣɱء
ʿϲϧʿͨڣ׷װͣ£ջطɫ졣
ϹȻͨȥˡǵļ֮£ֱӻԪӤղűֱӶΧɱˣ
ƺԴԤϣϻѡͨЦһЦ
ϺòײŵõöԪӤһ߻̤ԪӤ磬ûԪӤֻҪôһ˿ᣬһ˿ϣ;ٵԪӤͨһ˿ϣ
ʿ
ڲа޳ͨȥˣλͳϵļ𵤵ӣµ֮Уֻ˵⣬ûἰͨڵͨͨƣûУҲһûСô죿
˺ʿʵ
ߣʲôа޳ǰ棬ΣգҲһϣ
ʿΪ⡣һʿĴȴûҵԪӤɫһ䣬ŭûԪӤöԪӤڲϣܲôˣλһɱȥ
˵꣬ͷͨĹų˹ȥ
Ѱʿһ˴ͷԪӤ׷״ͨĹţ׷ɱܴаޡ
Ҷ˫ֱأԹųϵı仯ƺڿʲôδ̶
ֳԪҪٲȥȴƳһδҶأҶѣôȥô
룬󣡡
ҶصһЦ
Ҳδ˵ЦŽȥ
ôˣʲôԣ
ʸҶһۣ֪һǷʲôѯʵ
ˡʿǹŲϽͨ˽ģ½ͨҪˣ
Ҷص
ʸһʱ֮û׹ʲô˽ģ
ԪӤֻöﹻ˷ְڽУõСͨʿڻ⣬ҲٵõͨԳʵۺ񣬵ʮ㣬ĽͨİȫˣͨڿɾΣˣǵлõԪӤܶ
Ҷҡҡͷ΢΢Ц˷ԪӤܱһȺʿҪࡣΪˣǲһյѲϷ˱ͨͨѪоͰѰʿһ˽ȥһлõԪӤģǶˡǶˣÿ˶ܹõһööʿҲָǡ
ŶǺƣǲǵʵеöԪӤȴҲδء
ʸɫ
߰ɣ£
Ҷ˵꣬ͨ
ʸɫĵ˵ͷҶһȥ
߼ʿæԪӤȥʿµĴͷȴǴϲæȡʿķ鿴Ʒ
ܿ죬ʿ˵ͨ
ʿҶϿ˺һֿһ۵ͨİɫţ԰׵һĮȻһ˹֮СϹűⷿϣҪñʧǣ

ܴʿǰ׹һһ뱦ĵͨĹţղھԪĽԪήҲࡣ
ܴʿ롣
ǰһããıͨ
ͨͨûʲô
ֻǣǼŨı
ǿҵܵı
ʱܴʿп̹ǵĺϯȻѾ׷ΪȴҲѵɭǺ֮䣬ͷüëƤһ˪
ɭ֮⣬òܴʿҲ·𱻶ᣬתʼ͡
ͨͨ
ܴʿɫ䣬һ䴢̷ųһöϵ飬סȵĻö鱦ӿǣҲֻǿֵס˪ϢϮ
ܴʿ΢ůҶҪԪӤ־ɱˣ˭Ҳõ
˵ܴʿܲ˵ģźɿͨȥգ۹ʧͨڡ

أ
ʿȴڶѰʿͨĹţǵͨʱѾ˲ܴʿӰ
ͨڴĻеı˪ϵǳӡۣ˵ܴʿղͣѾ֮ززͨ
̫ͨͨаããһƬ̣Լʮɸ߿⻪һ¸ۡ
ֻüһۣ㱻һɱϢ˸ţ㶳һѱ
ΪһЩĽʿȫת֣ȴǵֵס
ѰʿȻ
Ҫ֪ǿǽСʿ
ܰǶı̫Ũˡ
ȻЩ׼ȴû뵽ͨ


532 ƾֶ
ɽ֮Унľˮˡ
ˮΪԾΪȶײ졣
ˮΪ
ڣΪ
ˮײ֮£ּ׺ϳɱΪһµԪ
ɽУ˴лԪ֮⣬ֶСԪر硢ҲΪСԪأˮֲȶԪرСҲ̫ȶУΪƻǿ
ڶɽ磬ԪΪСĻᲢ
ⱦڵĵͨڣŨ֮ߣһȺ˵صѰʿ졣
ı̫Ͽˣʿû֣ҲסСʱ죬ûϵһԣ֮
ˣ׻ϵҲܲסǻᱻϢֻ֣ܶʱ
ǻϵԪܳױϢʴ
вѰʿԼĻϵ˶ãҽ
ûûϵԪ޷ڱڣôȥ
ڳľѰʿǽСʿܹڵģжôһԪֶˣ˼Ԫ
ǣӵеģȴδضǻϵԪ
ǻϵԪԵ˱Ͽı֮ûʲôôҪڣ׷ɱܴʿеöԪӤ
ʿʿǰѣȴЦһóһߴɫӣϵСͨԷһ̴ŷзɳðģγһ֣ס
λѣа޲ӰǴµϢۼԿԿ˱ͨһˣλѶ׼ɡ
ʿҲˣֱӼȥ
ʮϵķֳСֻͨͨԪӤʿУ󣬸һСͨЧòࡣ
һ޴ŵ㣬ĵֻǷ̺ľʿķһʿʿҲֱʹСͨ踶Ĵۡ
ȻˣȱҲǳԣһʹõƷ͵Сͨ´άһյЧá¡˵⵽ҵĹʹʱ仹̡
͵ķֻʹһ¡
ⶫȻùһΣͲá
СͨС֮ͨҲԱȽһָɫڽʿ˵СͨȻСͨ𵽸áǶԪӤʿ˵СͨԱСͨá
СͨĻ֣ʿķʮ
һ֮ڣʿķǿ˿ԺһԪӤʿĳ̶ȡʮʿʹһԪֻҲԹķ
ڱڵıСһʿв
ȻˣʿĿǰֻǷǿȴδжߡ
ѰʿʿʹһŻϵСͨ׷ɱȥˣΪ֮ᡣ
ģһСͨļֵԸһСͨȡڹŴݵ㣬Ի֪鵤ӵģȻҲãֱݳ˷ѵ˼㣡
ߣӽ˻ⷿӦСֻͨһŶѣǮȥݳһѡ˵һСͨʲôԪӤҪܽӤСͨҲûá
Ϊʲô֮ǰûõĴأ
ЩѰʿ
˶ʿ־һŻϵСͨЩ⣬üͷɫҲԵ࣬в֪ڿʲôѾܵʿΣա
˽ɴһӣһƬɹ⻪ס
ɴʣǷ͵Сͨˮײ֡ûעκηɴʱҲһķȻƶʱûЧСͨķͷ֣ȴǴ´ࡣ
ٶҲ˿ĸȥ
һΣȻûȤκѰʿͨСԪӤȻȥԽԽáڴʿԪӤ
ʸɿҶһۣа˵û˹ȻƣƲӽⱦĵͨȻͨ󲿷ֵѰʿżȥǶ˺÷ȥռԪӤⷬƣЧͼӰ
ӡѾȥˣ߰ɣ
ҶĿ侲ߣûö˵ʲôֱӽϵнԪ𽣡𽣣ʱɫ棬ƿΧ֮
ȥ
ʸƷͬĻϵԪ𽣣ס󣬱Ҷ࣬׷ȥ
ϵԪ㹻ڻˡ
ʣһȺʮѰʿӡҶط򸾵˽֪ô졣
һ£ӴСȡһɫë
һ೤ĻɫᣬȻҫ߲ʰ쵵Ļ棬յıͨйת·ɾΪǿĻϢ̱˿һɷԲļ˪
δƣȴǴ⿿ĻѱϢˡ
ȸᣡ
ƺϹֻȸβӦʮһ׵ĻϵԭϡΪӯƻϵԪȫһȸСͨȣ
ʹ̫̣ˣò˶ãڵĻҪȫľΪƷϣֵһǮˡ
ΪԪӤֵˡֿǺܵõĻϵԶϣǿʲôûУ
Ѱʿͺȣ۲ѡ
λѣһˣ
Щɫ滺࣬ڵĺҲԵñˣǺһЦֳſȸ𣬳ͨӶȥ
ޱķʿͻȻһһڵĻȦҪеĻ𣬱ܿ
ѣʲô
ɫһ䣬ȣҪ֡ɲԼĻᣬװñʿռˡ
ߣ
ʿĮȵһۣס󡣲֪ʩչʲôֶΣһ֮£ɣͫ׻ɢȻѡ
˼ʧ˱֮ͨС
ʿӦҲ֪ղŷʿͿʲôȻŷʿȥˡ
λѣֻʣˣô죿
֣óеĻϵһȥ
ûлϵԪĽʿмȲʣԪӤ˵˸ˡ׷óڶĻϵҲܸ߽׻ǵͽףȫǿг
ǣڵıʵ̫
ԽߣһϺϢԽԳܡ
Ʒʽϵ͵Щϵڱʴ£һѣɥʧϢĺ˪ҪǸΪ
һʮѰʿŽɣ˱ڼϢΣ½½˳˱ߡȻ˵ı֮Уʿ˵ɱ˲ϣ


534 
Ҷȫ߶𽣣ͨ
ҵĶнͨھ𶯡ɼ֮ңѾಫĵز
Ҷǲϵһֻǲ֪ں˭ɱ˻ʿ
ͻʸ໥һۣڲ˱̵ıڣټ
תͨҶ̿ʿˣڸֹʱЦǰָָ㣬һ˵ʲôޱȡ
ƳҶغͻʸ֣ɵЦҶѡҶˣλҲˣ
Ҷصĳ֣Ҳ˵֮⡣ҶԪ֪һȺѰʿУмǿʵģҲ˶ѡ
֡ӵ֡
Ҷͣ£˵˵ͷǰȥ
ȴǰԶܴʿںͷ飬ɱ
⼸ͷ飬ǾŽ飬𵤺ʵߴʮɣıףޱȡǵȭͷ£ǼΪӲı̡ӳȭͷɱȱϵԪ
˻ǲܴʿġ
н𵤾ŽΪʿֶ֣þֻͨܿ챻ͷƵħԪ裬ڱϣȻҲ˲ǡ
ˡʿˣǰֻԶԶЦһĻŲϱɱ
Ĺ򣬷ʿͿˣಳڱͨڡ
Ҷػͷһۣ졣
ôͷʿ֣һ
ϺͱңҶֵͷԺս
ܴʿ֧ţͷĿ֮£ֻм֮޷ߵ
ʱ˵ȼѰʿҲѾ
Ҫ˳ߣҲ޿ܡ
ܴʿѾ׾ڱڣлͨһڣȴǳ׵֣һ˿תĻᶼûС
ݺѪɫ֮ʮ꣬а֣ɱ֪ѰʿվȻѰʿ
ɺްѾõöԪӤ𵤺ʿΪ֮ԪӤۿҪ뿪ⱦ⣬ֻĽӤɽ٣ܳΪѪһԪӤˣҲš
ҶģҶܣӻû㱨𣡡
ܴʿͫɺ죬ѾңԹԷй
ǲӻҲҪǵ汳
ܴʿĿѣХħɨǼͷΧۺѪ¸¡Ц˵˷ȥ
ȣһɷķתѪۼٶȣŤգ۴һ
ͼʬԱȥ˵ˡ
һ˵⵽شںɱͷµı飬һҪ˵
ˣҲ⼸Ѱʿһ
Ҳǲܴʿܹǿı
ǣֻһԸѡ
ߵڵˡʿҶصȼˣһ˾
ǴʼնŲܴʿ֮ǰܵķ֮٣ᱻܴʿԱšмκһˣܱˮ
ʿһĨ䳰˲м
ߣͷȻ˵汳
СͨγɵĻΪǿӽʿԱвҲܣֱӼԪ߱ɡȥ
˲ɱܵʿɿ죬ϯȥ
ҶغͻʸԴнͱΪ˫㻤ҲûжܵĴ㡣
ʿȴɫ΢΢һ䣬ʵȱ㹻ǿķֶΣҲӲϣ󷽼ˣܿԱ𵤾Žʿʬ˶̵ľ£Ǻֲܿġ
꣡
ͷƺܵвͬʱĿһȻĵأɲǼ䣬ʮɵı̣ӶߺıȻ
͡͡
ڲܴʿͣԱ֮ǰЩֱ̣ӽܴʿٿմ̴ϵĻַʱ飬ͬʱ͸롣
Ϲ͵ʱйľһ㣬ѪҺ
ܴʿԱҲûܳɹԲ۾ǲģѪ⣬ʮ̴ڶϡ
ţʬգۼ㱻ڼı˪֮ȫĴһ𱻱档ѪȾһı̣ڱ֮з޴Ŀ
ϡˣ
ǣΪʱٷһأ
ڳļʿԲ졣
ܴаھŲ۷壬ԪӤֻһҲΪסѪŴݵĽʿУҲǸΪĽɫˣƫƫȥô˼ͷУΪֵ
ͷ⼸˵ԺһʧӰ٣Ҳ˻ȥ̾䡣
˴һȺѰʿа޽һϣϲ֮һѡ
˵Ŀ⣬һȫ˲Ĵϡ
Ҷɨһ۴һСĵʿˡ
öԪӤӦþڴڡ
ϼȻˣʣµľǹϷöԪӤˡ
ֵ⣬ɱܻ鷳һЩ
Ϊ˽˱ʮֲ÷֡
ǿͷʿͬʱ֣ЩҶ⡣
ͬҲ˺ʿ⡣
ˡʿԭĴ¹ƣӦֻҶط򸾣ܹöԪӤһöֵܷ
ͷʿĳ֣鷳
ǽ״˶Ͼȥ鷳
ͷ飬ĳһرɱͼԱĲܴʿһǷŭĿ̱꣬ˡʿҶصˡ
ꡢ꣡
ͷ飬󲽳˵˱Ľµıҫҫ۵İ׹⣬ͨУ̵ֱ
λѣԪӤ֮£ȷһߡȺϲȥ⼸ͷ˵
˷ɿĺ˵꣬˫һУ־ĽǣųƬɵĹ⻪ǼͷֽڡƬʯ⼸ͷ顣
ʩչһĻɫףٶ̻˼֡
ã
ʿȣֱӼ߱ɡȥ
⼸ͷֻһС򣬱ѽ𵤾Ų۷ĲϸɱˣսʮֲҪӦõ˵﷭³
ܴʿʬʹסҲˣȻһʱ
˿̵ǿͷ𵤼Ĺ㱻ΧҲûʲô󰭡ֻĹǿԪ߱ɡطǿ˵⼸ͷ׷ı顣
Ǽͷ˻һ󣬻űȭǰʿҹȥ
ͨʿһˣ԰ͷȫɱЩ飬ǱҲ뺳˫һ൱
ʿǰ棬˲ܰĲٿ죬ͷȫֽȥʯ䡣ɱ߱ɡǿࡣԵò㣬Чǲ󣬶ɱˡ
Ƕ֣ȻʵǿԻͷ顣һ뽩־սʿĻĹ⣬ǻսܵľ档
ǷḻĶ飬Ȼ뵽Ӧ֮ߡ
ҶѣĴнķɽɱ飡ʿűһһȭ־𶯣ϵɴ
ҶصȻӣǰһָ
ʸδֹԱҶأԷ⡣
ҶصԪɽΪ磬쬡쬣ȥһͷ飬նɱɽĹ֮ǿԶ߱ɡɱȵġ
꣡
ɽÿһնͷϵһӲıסʮɸߵı飬ܿͱɽĿȫǡ
ʿ˿ҵģȫϹ⼸ͷ顣
ǼͷҲ
ȭϺӲʿĻֱ֡ȭʿЧ֮ĳƣƬ⾧̣ʿȥ
ǣǵĴı˲ЩѰʿ
ʿȻ˵ӵԪӤʿеǿ⼸ͷǰߡ
Ҷлʸı󱣻˼
ʿˣҲһʮ׵ĿȸᣬԶԶںٿŸԵԪͷ顣Ȼ󣬵Ҳӿ˽ɱٶȡ
ʼĲ֮ʿѸռϷ硣
СʱĲ⼸ͷ߽ѰʿķӲһѵı
ɱͷ飬Ǽȴ̴һߺƻָصķһԪӤ
ֻöԪӤˡѰϵܡҶϵܣ˵ⵤηַ
ɨһۣ˵һΪѵ顣
Ѱʿ֮Ϊӣܹջͨ׺ͬʿȫ̸£Żøֶνᡣ
ȺѰʿӣȻԸԼҪõԪӤҲ̫ѿ
ҲѰʿɱԵĶᱦа޵Ĳͬ
˵Ŀ⣬ʿҶϡ
ʵҲʸԪӤʵҲˡ
ֻҪõʿҶصĵͷҸɱ԰ԪӤˣֱӿͷʿˡ
֣Լ˭ɱ˲ϣֱӵһöᵤʿԷöǲǱɱģ˶зݡöԪӤһҪƽ
ֻӡҶˣƺûһԪӤ˼̼
˵Ҳͦ
֮ǰͨʿռ˱ˣĿȸ˱ߣһ·¶ججԪ˲СӰ졣ֱǰɱʱѹ
Ҳ˿ҲûףʿΰסġȻʿסһΣȻҲסڶΡ
ʿһصֶ֮ǿʮֿ־壬ҶһֱһɷΧڵķʿбֻװʲô֪ȥ
ֱּ


535 ͨͨ
аȷʵǱ⼸ͷɱôɱ⼸ͷ飬ˣȻʸõöԪӤҸһСͨĴۣõһöԪӤȻ
ʿ˿һۣһ̲֮£ϵܸղɱ֮ʱԶԶģûгҲֵܷһöԪӤǲǲ

һ±ƿԣ֪õԪӤϣɫ
ղɱǼͷ飬ʿҶءˡʵ棬ǳ棬˶ʸֵԪӤˡ
ҶɫȻ˵ʲô˺ʿˣ֮ѾѸԪӤˣͷʿᡣķ䣬ҲȻ˵ʲô
ϵܣɫЩްƺɫѰԪʲôˣ
ͻȻʲô˿һЩֵ֮ǰһֱæŶԸϺͱ飬Ͼȥͷʿ⡣ƽԼһЩԾĵط
Ѷˣ׵ѵĿȸЩʣЩ֮޴󰭣
ʿһֱĬʱȴͻȻڵ
ǣ
ԷʿЩη壬ֹֻǵͷӦ͡
Ŷ𣿡
˻ɵĿڿͷʿ֮ɨӣɻ֮ɫ
ԭȰҶصɶ֣һ˼ѹҶصʿӽеöСͨʵǿԤ⣬òʿȴû뵽ͷʿɵĶ࣬ƺҲһС
ѣֻöԪӤζ֡µһССĽ飬лõԪӤ֪ǷԸ⿼ǣ
ʿɫĮ˻ɵĿ⣬δ⣬ֱ˵Ŀǡ
Ŷ˵
˾΢΢һ
Ǽȥ˵µ֮Уͨͨ౦⣬ŦڣҲǿƱн󷨵ڡ
ǼˣΪβ౦棬Ϲűнƶͣ¡һƱͣ£ôбĿؽֱӴ򿪣Ҷⷿȡٱȡ٣ľ֮У϶ֹöԪӤҵҲȫûҪΪöԪӤִˣǲǣ
ʿ
˵رձеĽƣ
ĿȻΪޱȵ뷨еȣܿƽǵ̫ͣҡͷ뷨ã˵ףȴδ򵥣ⱦ⣬ϹԪӤʿõĽƼΪǼʿôܹرյĽƣ
ҵˣҪ౦رսƣһȱɱͨڵб顣ľ㣬ͨڣҲԼһͷ֮䡣ѣƾ˵ʵɱͨڵı飿
ʿ̵
ҵȲʿ޿ܶԸͷ𵤼ı飡
һɱˣÿֻɱмͷأһֱ֮УδӴ޶ߵǣǵĶ֣
룡
һ㶣ƺʿ˵˺һᣬתͷʿʵϵܣС֣ͨάֶã
Żάʮһʱɣ֮ǰѾȥ˰ʱ
ʿ
˵ȷʵеƣֻҪʮһʱһö޴Сͨ㳹ûˡеСͨһ㣬üá
ʮһʱÿʱԼҪɱʮͷ飬ѶȼߡһԡʧˣҲ˳߱ǣҲûʲôʧ
һɹرձĽ󷨣ǻõĺô޷󡣷һʱƣպԲѪɫ֮ðգֱӳԪӤ磡
˷ɿһ£˼Խǿ
ңлСͨһֱδóؼʱóĿǰӵеʵ䡣
ʿҲΪĶ
ȻҶԣôҵȫ֣ٶɱڵı飬ɱ౦֮СϵܣҶϵܣǶλΣ
Ŀɨˣʵ
Уܳɹ񣬲ϵԪӤҶҪһö鵤߲Ҳգֱ뿪
ʿ
Ǻǣûϵǰֵ飬߾޿ɱȥȡһöϵһöҶϵһöˣŰɡϵܣϵܣǶλûɣ
˴Ц
ûֵ˼ɣ
룬Ҳټ֡ʵ̫ûɱﵣӡҶˡл౦⣬ⱦڵĽƣвСĻõԪӤֻܵͷӦ
ʿһֱûҪԪӤȻû⡣
˺֣ʿԪӤƺȤȱȱԽΪ⡣ȻʿԼҪõԪӤҲöȥʡ
ʿֱ֮ʬĵطȻıҿ
һ֣ȡ²Ĵ򿪻һ½Ʒȫ˳
ϵĴڲƻ࣬ԭϡ鵤ʯ֮һѣɫĹ⻪ҫܶ඼ǲϱʹõķʿϢ
Ȼ󲿷Ӧǲɱ˲ѰʿĲƻ
ʿһ£СƿһװŵԪӤδԪӤʵȴͼֽϵԪӤϵóƿԪӤŨҲٲˡ
ʿȵϣΪݸ˺ҶظһƿֱӷԪӤ
ƻȻΪֵǮǲʿУݲݷ£ƽôࡣ
ѰʿҲ飬ɱͨ
ʿǿֵķǰ棬ÿһͷ飬ڱƫƧ֮Χɱ
죬ϵ󷨣ס顣
Ҷءʸٿ߱Ԫɽȫֺɱ
ʿٿظԷȫΧͬʱͨڵı֡
кʿνǿɱνֲǵսѾӽһʵԪӤʿս
ɻ˳ʮʱԤƵʱ΢ЩŽıͨڵĽͷ𵤼ı飬ȫɱꡣ
һˣڳڱͨľͷһɸߣϿ˪ϢĹš
ͨľͷͨʼ˵ı֮ǿ˲佫ûлϵĽʿֱӱĳ̶ȡ
ҶغͻʸȫתнԪ𽣡𽣡ҲеܺôںžŽ׵Ļڵĺ
׼Ļϵƹ࣬㹻ʹãöʼձϼѵ״̬һھŽȥٿƷʯûˡʮʱҶءʸ˵ķ˰ٶʯ
ʿ׼Ʋ٣ֻƵƷײҶط򸾶ߣɪɪֻĽķݡ
ȥӦþ౦ˣ
ʿ״һۣ˿
ʮʱĸǿɱǵķʶǼġȻ;ʹ˴ƣԷлָʶȴԶʱڻָ
һԵüΪƣ롣
ʿС֣ͨҲѾ⻪âɥʧǳŲ˶ˡ
Ž౦⣬ܹлĽ󣬿Ҳͨͨ
ڹǰͣ¡
ҵܳɹرձڵ󷨽ƣºƽⱦջ񡣿ϵܣһ·СΪ˹ƽǷҲ˿ϵܾʱɣ
һתЦ֪ű󣬻ʲôʲôΣմڡ飬ȻҪڻǰ̽װռˡ


536 ԪӤ
˿ÿȽȥɫʱޱѿ
˭֪Ϲűڣضյĵط
ԪӤʿڽȥ֮ǰúúõܷա
οʵ֮һʹдˮⷿȡõԪӤԭϣЩԭδƣӲԶӶ˴ӿڵõСͨСͨ޷ֱʵ
ڻʹ
˼һԸȥģɫɷ׷
ϵܣҶ˲СҲֵˡ㲻ȥȥѲ뻻Ƚȥ
ʿĮ˼¡
ɭȻ΢΢һͷȴ󰵺ޡʿͬҲûȴƫƫðաǷʿֶĪ⣬һڡ
һСͨˣҲûüͷôһС£㲻ˣϵҪǲԸ⣬ôڴȥǡºֱڵĲƻҲûķݣ
ʿһЦ
֣ǸȽȥ
ҶƽĿʵʿڻǰ̽ΣգǶɽγɵĹɲǹҪۿҪǲԸȥҲУ˳ͨǣʿȥ
Ƶý֪ӣɱ˼¶ˡҲƲˣҪôȥҪôϳͨʿʵռˡ
ȥȥΪĳ˲ɣ
ӳֺû֣ٿطһҧ˰˪ıС
ʿڹ⣬˼ʱ䣬ܿһ˪Ĵӹзأ෢˵氲ȫԽ롣˵ִ꣬ͷ˻ȥ
£˲Ųԥ̲֮С
׹
˳һ޴ıڣһѾŵԽ౦⣬׷׾̾
⣬Σһ޴ıǽᾧɷԲЩſģЩ޴ıתϹŷģʮɫͷ׹⻪Ծ䣬һ֮±𶯲ѡ
ڣûкһֲ顣
𾪵ģǱ롣
ֻ봦һʮɴСرǰɵ̨̨֮ϣһöɢıӣԵ÷ҫĿ財ʯ̨У뵣⻪תϢŪ˼¡
˸̨ɣȴ̨ܵһϢѹ
һۣ޲Ȼ
ɿµϢѾĵսһǿҵתӵͷҪƴѹסɾ壬һҲڱڴȥ
ʯ̨Ƭչɴꡣ
껹ϸСĽ󷨷ģķΪɫֱǽ⡢ɫտ졢λơ
ÿܼöɢıע·֮УһƬ̵ķı΢΢תΪɫ貹⻪˳Ǹȥֱ̨ĸӦʯڡ
ǿϹű⣬н󷨵࣡ڵĽ󷨣ά֡
ͨ󷨣һ۾Ϳ˶ߣɿЩƷĲ⵽ƻԤϡ˵ΪϹű󷨵࣬ƸޱȣһҶ·һ
ʿçײ֮ˣ౦һ֪ȻֻǷɿĴ౦ȫűڵı֮
ڣ̨⣬ƺûر֮鶼ûУ⻹Ҫ򵥣˵صĽ󷨣ιرգ
˲Щֵ
˴࣬һйرյİ취ȴҿ󣬾ιر

ʿͨ󷨣ֻͣԭء
Ȼ䣬Ǹʯ̨ĸһȦȦı˪⻷ƺʲô
ʲô
˴һ
Ҷؾ֮ʱűĵ棬ðһ͹һ޴ıһɵı̣Ƭı걬ҫĿ
꣡
һг䶨ɢʱһͷжʮɸߴľ飬ڱ̨ǰ
ͷɱı飬ͨ徧Ө͸йתſΡȻ
һ˫Ѫɫͫ͸ŭĶŽڵʿĵ̣ãûм˵ء
ͷĳ֣ʹ౦еıϢȻ
ɢѹ΢΢ѹʿĻַΧСһȦǲٿصĻϵԪҲ΢΢ȫֿѹ
ãԪӤı飡
ܹΪͣ϶꣬ܵģԲŻΪ̬ͫѪɫģΪմȾѪɵѪɫ
ʿ󺧡
ͷȻֵԪӤ飬ȫǵ֮⡣ͷ󸣬𱦿ڵĽԡϾֻҪȥƻͲɡͷ󸣬ȴû˵ˡ
һͷԪӤı飬һȺ𵤼ı飬ȫ¡
þֶΣɱһȺ𵤼ı顣ͷԪӤıǰȴ·һҶûС
˵Ѿܷر󷨵ˣܷ뿪⡣
죬뿪
˼㣬Ϊһ磬ȫټˣѾڵ˷ʿĽ飬ڡ
䣬ȴͷѪͫһȻˡ
ͷԭΡȻȻһž޴죬һ̼࣬Ѹײڶ֮˳ȥһɱǵ磬Ŀ
ͣ
һ˲䣬ٵ˵Ŀ֣ͬʱ顣
ı˸Դеʹ˲ϢӱĿֲ麮һ߱沿־壬һš
һ˦ʬ廯ɵı˳ȥײڹڴıʯڴҳһѱꡣ
ţͫ๾һתƺѰһĿꡣ
˲ɱ
Ѱʿһ˲伸ȫˡ
һ̹ǵĺ⣬ǵĽŵֱš
ڻҡ
ڻңղŻ˵Ż˲ͱͷԪӤıɱôܲǸеǼٵ³±ڻδܺõȥ
˿־嵽Ըӵĳ̶ȣš
Ҫ
󸣬㣡ֻṥƶĿ꣬ɫϢ
һ
ʿĮɫͻȻһ䣬
ϵ˵ĲλѶ𶯣
˱Ͼ곤ΪߣĶ飬ͬҲǷǳһʿһ̼ϰǰԼĳյأһͷıޣҲ㡣
ô죬¾Ϊӵ̫졣
ѹס޴Ŀ־壬Ҳ̷Ӧһߴʿѡ
ⲻжġ
ʱһʿǶһݺĻᣬã༸Ҳܶһʱ䡣ɲϣˣ
ҶءʸʿԭǴȫٳţһʿ˶ԭز˿ĶϢ͡


537 Ϭӡο
ͷ飬ƺʿ˶˵Уһ㡣һ˫͹Ѫɫͫ˸ĺ⣬ɨ⣬ȴδʣʿϡ
һƬ޵ɺѪɫܿʲôһѪһƬ
ʿųڣֻж̶ʮԶȴû˭Ҷһ¡
С̣ͨ˽ľ룬ٶȿֲЩʿٶȣһ󸷢Ǹӳ֮⡣
ʿ
ǾһҲֻʱܱ֤
ϢޱϿıڣʱ޿̶ڷɿڵķǵķܿᱻĴʱ·һҵıϢ߱ʬ
Ҷļ٣ڿǣҪҪСͨ׹žһΪԪΪۣͷԪӤı顣
ҿ϶׹žܹͷж˺
ϾԪӤı飬ý𵤼ȥķ
һɱ޷شѱĿתƵԼϣľԼˡͷı๥ٶ֮죬ĴнҲδüֵֵܵס
ϵܡҶϵܣзϵܣʲôӦֶΣòͷ󸣬ҵȽգȫҪɥˣϵܣ㻹СͨأóԸͷ󸡣
ԭزʶ
֣ڻڣֻȡһŷ͵СͨŶǷ͵ķ;ɱͷ󸡣ϵĻֵסͷһҵԸһԣӲסͷ󸡣֣ҲӽȡСͨǼɴ֮⣬ӦܹԸͷĹΪβóã
ʿп
ϵܣΪҲ밡ֻԪӤʿʹСͨʿǿʹãҪĴľԪһΪҵԪ࣬Ǵӽ𵤾Ų𵤰˲㣬ôԪӤˡ
ָһΪѣԸ׶СͨתҶصҶϵܣʲôֶζԸͷ󸣿
ҶԭŶá׹ž֪лȴʶҡҡͷλҲ֪ڣֻõöԪӤؼؼԱûáмȻСͨóһã
ҶҲû취ڵķתԽԽԵǿҺһҧ˵ҲգҵСͨɣһʹöλ֣һԪһشͷ飡
ãҵһ֣ȫעԪ
ʿͬ⡣
Ҷءʸʿȣһԥ漴Ӧ
޵ԪܱҪǿࡣ
ңʿһֵĻСͨĵľԪҲ˾ֵ̯ñһڵΪ˸ĴۣȻҲ󽵵ࡣ
ۣǻǿԳܵġ
Ϭӡ
ʶٿأ䴢ڷһöƳγεĹӡ
һöϵСͨ˵ʺϡ
öƴССͨӡʮ㣬һֻǵϹޣ˫ŭ״
죬עԪ
˱ȡ
öӡһʿдޱȵľԪϬӡ
˿Σû˸֡
ϬӡԪ̷ǣӡصĻɫ󣬶ʱӡϵޣǻ֣ƹҫ·Ҫһ㣬һ޵ĿҰ˻
飿СͨһͷϬɵ飿
Ҷ³ԪһĻȴȡ
׹žڣȴǲ顣
ĳԽҲһ飬ͷ顣
ҶؼʹС֪ͨࡣ

ǿд߶СͨϬӡָһھԪڹӡϣעԼԪٿŵĹӡ
ӡϸֻ޵ĹӰϱǣ˲ҫ۵Ļƹӳ⡣תۼ䣬ӴѾ⣬ڡ
һ˫Ѫɫͫȫöӡϡöӡľ޴вϾȥ˼ʿ
Ϭ̤
ƹҵ㣬ͷ޵ĹӰŭһ໣Ȼ㣬Ͳ¡öϬӡϬ㣬һɫ⣬̤ȥ˹ȥ
䣡
֮ɽѣһ̤֮䣬һǧɵĸɽΪ顣
ɣ
ͫڣӳһǵϬӡΪϬ㣬ͳ
Ȼ壬Ȼſһ£༲һ㵯˳ȥӡ
¡¡ꡭ
һľ죬ϬӡĻƹıײ춯صıը𵴿ʿ˳ȥڱ⾧ϣѪ
¡Уⶼ
ʿ⻹ֻܵԪӤϬӡײĲֱӻУҪֱӻΪ촷ۡ
Ϭ㣬ű飬¡
󸱻Ϭ飬׺ޱȵĿȣڵأƬı꣬ҽУϵıϳ˲СƣȻܵ˴ˡ
ˣҪ
Ѫɫ˫ͫࡰ쬡쬡ܼ꣬Ϭӡϡ
ϬӡֻͲ̤£ڵԪѸٵģɫâʼС
ãϬӡȻѹסôСͨѵԺ⣿
˲ٿعӡž޴ѹɫҰס
ת۹ϬӡԪҪĴ
һʧȥԪöСͨӡҪ򱬡
ֻԪӤʿܷСͨȫԪҲֻܷӡһСѣӡڣԪ߾
ʿһſڣٶʮھԪһϬӡĻɫâǿάס档
ȻΪۣԪʵֱӱһ㣬ӽ𵤰˲㼱߲㣬ɫһ쳱
ʿ𾪵Ŀʿ
𵤺ڣǼΪϡԼԪƴҲҪϸ㣬˷˿ԪʿԪûԪһ¡
ʲôһ֣󸣡һֹⱦĽƣʲôʧܲˣڴѵ鵤ҪҪ٣ǻʧԪ
ʿʿ
ϵܵǿ͸ܹõڵĿأҲϧСͨˣ
ʿɫһ䡣ϻСͨһֱţΪɱﵡһһɫСͨȻ˳ȥ
ο
СͨȻ緢Ũҵ
ŷֱӴͷںϬӡսԪӤϡ
ŷƹӲӣΪһ޴ʯȫУĽס
ΣޱȣӲ쳣ԪӤʿҲһ½ס޷ѡʿԪ䣬²ֺܶ
顢顢顭
ڶԸϬӡ벻һ±ο֮С
ԱҵײΣͼζ
ɹˣ
ʿϵСͨһ½סˣɿϲС
ǣϲȴȻ֣ÿ׺Ӳײαѳڶϸܵѷ졣Щѷ죬ۼٶȣԽԽ
顢顢顭
οȻǽסƣֻάСʱ䣡Сʱ䣬취ŽֹͣеıⷿڵĽƷϳ
ػˡҶصʿɺȻˣľ


538 
ǡ
ոߴعƲ֮С
һֻ޴˫ͷͷϣĿֳһ꣬űڷʿж
һöӣȻԴΪ֮ǳҵ֮⣡
ڹֵӣȻɭ͸Ĺâǹž޲У¶һ˿Ĳ
ˣſڵǱ
µͷʮһ˫ͷ档
ŹʮǰһϹŴʿӱƯһɽϣһʮ׵ıԴƳһױϵͨ˷λжɽһĴͨͨγս֮Уʿ֮ҲǼ
ҲֻбӣǿıϢֹ˼£ɽֶ֮˲ٴĴͨⶫһͨλͲֻ˵ڱϵͨУǿġڶɽд֮ͨУǰʮ֮Уһϯ֮أױȡ
˵
һ˵ͨϹŴʿȥħ½ѾӶɽʧû뵽һöӣϹűСöӣױͨΪҪһ
˵ţĿĬ
˫ͷռ˼ҳ
ܽöӣԹϵһתΪһڤмתһͨΪת࣬٣ɹİ֮
һ˼ţһȻ뷨Ϊ⶯
Ϊ˶ɹڵĴ٣Ѿ˴ľ׼⴦ǿ󣬵ǻȱһشĴͨܰѱȡضܴ࣬ڴ٣ȻҲаա
һɹɽ٣ΪѪɫ֮ǿĹޡ
Ȼⶫǲٴȥˡ
ǰĴ½ڤףһͨڤ֣ʵĴ½õһϯ֮ءĴ½ٶȣõ
м鷳˼ɡ
ӣǱϵͨڵڤףмơڤı֮Ϊ£ȻǸ߽׹Ҳܱס
⣬ڵĸϵ飬ԹʿҲмв
Щһޣ㲻ƣҲֱӺ
˵в̫󣬵Ҳˡ
׼Ȼ֮ǰĹؼʱʵʮֲֵ
ΪЩǴڣһֱԽϹű
ЩѪɫ֮ĽʿϹű⣬жԳ֣Ϊ㡣
ѰʿȻûʧ
ȻСʵͨ˱ڵıͨڣ̽һڵöӣҲѾǰ
ֻͷ󸣬΢鷳һЩ
ĿǰΣ⼸ʿƺ޷Ըͷ󸣬˳ȡ֡
˿ٿŷʿԪǿϬӡ⼸ѰʿʵڲǱĶ֣Խ뱦棬ȡ
¡
ڴʱȻ޵Χ޴죬ǧﷶΧ
ٶۣĿͶâ
ˣƺʿڹ󶯾ƺƲС
µ˫ͷһԾ޴ĹԵ÷ŭޱȡ
ţЩĴѰѪʿ
Ŀ⳯Զȥһٷɽǵĺɫâˮһ
ǵڹ⣬֮ԾǧɣһСڻ¡
ˣ
ڹ֮У¶һϮ۵ʬߵݵ
ʬ棬£
Į
ʬݼ󣬼æˣЩۼһȺѰʿΧ˺Щʱաղ֪ģͻȻʼ򱾵ͼýѾһ¹ǰȥֹЩѰʿڵӣֹֻ
沿Ĺ˵ǶԪӤޣϰٽ𵤹ޣѪѵЩѰʿ
ʬƺŭ⣬ľͷˣһȺѰʿУ߰ԪӤʿʵ̫ǿг˶ԪӤڣĶԪӤʿʵѾԶʤºýȫ£»µӰ˴£ǰ
Ŷô
һɭȻ˵Ȼ߰ԪӤʿߣǴĹŴݵǻ϶ûȤȥ鷳Ǿҷ
ЩԪӤʿΪм
ЩԪӤʿƽʱеʱǣٶһҲֻ¼ķݡ
ղͬϹűеȡжеؼʱ̡
ЩԪӤʿʱ֣鵺пܻĴ¡
ˣ㻨ѼѪãɻٵĸڡһȱ֧ԮЩԪӤʿǿйƹʧδ̫ýҲɥЩԪӤʿСǰȥǡ£ټýʬˣ󣬶Ը߰ԪӤʿҲסһЩʱ䡣
˫ͷɿ
У֣ȥסЩϵԪӤʿû⡣ǹؼʱ̣ˣ˵һЩ뱾Ŀ֮⣡ȡǼȥЩԪӤʿ
һ˵
뵽Ϲű֮Уȡñӹ಻ʱ̡ԪӤڹ޵ʵ֧żʱ˵Ǵ´ˡ
ö⣬Ҫ˫ͷʬжȴһɫšءĺХƿշ䣬Ź߷
ʬһɫ
ǻﴫֻԪӤвУͨǲʹõģСǵǣ̬ýѾ
ǵѾɵ˫ͷǰ
һУǵ飬̱һźɫˣԪӤʿѾŴȺѰʿˣµֵסڹأ
ɶ񣡡
ϺƣһΣСɷ֮𣬻ϷĹ
ߣȥһЩԪӤʿǼȫǣ
һȣΪһɵӴĹڤף޵ıԵýԪӤʿս֮ء
ϹűǼѰʿǼűзʿУӲģһʱЩԪӤʿѾѪµĹ
˫ͷΪ˷ܣ˫һģչƲкХӡٶȼ죬ȴ׷Ϲʢŭ֮µٶȡ
ʬҵ飬Ϊһâڵһǧɣ׷Ϲ˫ͷ


539 ɱ
ҶءˡʿһȺʮѰʿ鵺죬ڻ鵺ϹűڣرһµʱѪɫ֮ĹŴݵ㣬Ҳشı仯
Ѫɫ֮κιڱϢǺء
ѰʿԱ׷ѰŵѪζޣӵֻҪһǼܰѪҳڡ
Ѫɫ֮κοܴϹű鱦ĵطյ㼣
޵ϵѪɢȥһ͵Ϲַ¶ڹ컯֮£Ȼ޿أ̱￪
żϢڶ̶̵ʮڣ˵Ѱʿ˹Ŵݵ㡣
Ƕż˳һϹսַ˳ѪĳѨ˳һδأ˳ǹ̾Ĺߣɹ֮ء
żϢһ˹Ŵݵ㣬ǽȫκܿԣѸٴӹŴݵΧ̶̰ѾӴѰʿ֪Ŵݵ㷶Χڣ𶯡
̾ڹŴݵԪӤǣȻҲϢ
һϹűĵرǵע⡣һȫµϹַͬСɣܴܿڴűλԪӤʿҲסӡ
ʿҶء˵һ緢ֹżĽʿɱſ֮Уڹſڲʱ򡣾޵ңԶĹŴݵ㣬ԪӤҲʼ˷Ŀ⣬޵
ȻˣѰʿСԣ޷״Щ漶ʿ
һϢֳЦɻᶪЩ档ֻɳ£ȥ̽׼ȷϢ
ǣŸĹżϢѰʿأ鱻֤ʵȷ֮䡣ЩһȷϢʵ̷֮׷׳޵ƬҲ飬ϹַеıԪӤʿ
ڹŴݵ㣬ŷĽѰʿĻϲˮĶᱦаޣƽʱѼټĶɢޣżȻ;˵ײϴ˵ʿѪɫ֮ðյʿ׷ӿ޵
ԪӤǵݡٶȼ죬һʿ̸޵
һϵϹַľ޵Χ߰ԪӤ棬׷޵ΧңפΪӪռĵơ
ѪڲѵĹԻǶЩ졣
ЩԪӤ½ִ޵ڸͷ鿴һ֮󣬲δһ⣬ִ֮Ҫȥûס˵ѾвٵԪӤƼǰ棬δؾһõĺô
ЩԪӤ˼죬У۵һιϷִ˵ڿܴڵı
Ϲ֣Ҳˣ᯹ĵ˵شʲô֣
һʿ۾ȻһԪӤʿ
λʿһˮɫ£½ǴŵһѪɫ˵ĿաŶɫΡ塢ָԵøӺݻ׿
ƺǰֵԪӤʿЩԹһ̲ס༥
ߣϹһɢޣҰףȥĶڡ೤ϣΪѪɫ˷־ݵĳϣھݵ⣬Щɢޣ˵ǿȡᣬδ˵ȥɣ
ǰʿźɫ߸ĶͷֻżƽƷ˿¶ԲƤţһΪɢԵģûɫķؾ
Ϲ֣˵˭ǿȡ᣿
ʿԣʱɫѿ
Ѫɫ˵ĳϣϹ֮䣬ʵûʲôޡ
ֻǰйһκѰ;ֳСӴ໥ĶԷ
Ϲֵ᯹ĵڹŴݵ㸽Ũв鱦˵Ϲָǿռţ೤ͼᣬδԸΪԭϹһֱռ᯹ĵ
λԪӤʿڹŴݵһٲ棬һ̲סҪϼ䡣ȻˣöΪ˶
üԪӤ棬Ƕ֮ҲΪ磬֪˵Ĺڣ˿Ϊ⣬໥к
ˣĳ񹦣Խ鰡֮ǰϷڰ;УǰһɫϼɺԽԽԶϷ׷ϣڲ²˭Ȼ٣һȻǳ˰
һߣһյĸЦ
Цˣ񹦣ֻ·ˣɱȲͨ
Աһλͷ쳤ϵʿЦ
λѣҳڹŴݵ򽻵αףҵȻǸϽ޵ڵַηǡǵȥڴ˵صԪӤʿԽԽֻ࣬ҲҪԽԽˡǶȻ̫˴εջ񣬵ҲԸôƽױȥ
һλɨ棬Ȼ
ǺǣȸԲҪͲҪЩ޹ؽҪ֮ˣڻ˴ǲʮкڵӣɲܰһˣ
һΪʿЦָŲԶľ޵˵⵺ϵΣ˵ΧѪѪ̾ᡣȴȻй̾ڡλѣΪ͵λ򵥣۹ǿ⵺ڹޣжǿʵҵȣǷа£
ǰգ˵һɿϢ˵һݵԪӤڵһȺ½ʿУûܻų
೤ϳ˵ңҲμ档λʵºֻڲ֮䣡
Ŷ̾ĹޣԪӤˣ

ܹ޵һԪӤڹܹӦԪӤڣԪӤڹޡпܣ棬޷
೤ϵͷ
Ĺ޿湻գȻѪ֮Ƥ£ص֮ôáڴ˵ܾۼǿҵĹʵǾϲ⣡
ʿɷȻ
ߣһȺ¶ͷȹ޶ѣҵλԪӤǰһֵһᡣҵһɱȥ²һգܽڹɱ⡣
ϹֵĿʮӹޡ
ⲢҪ顣ѾһЩӣ뵺ڲ̽²ٵʱӪأӦϹʱġض˲ٵϹűܱռݣ
೤˵˵껹΢΢ҡͷüͷˣֻ¾Щ鷳ˣΪܶű˺ħˣġˣԵӦԼµĶС
Ҷԣһ˺ħյϢܻ֣ܿɳʿӹܴ˴һЩѪСռסż
ߣѪɫ֮ҵʿĵ̡Զ붫ˡħˣָֻŵĵطæžӪепѪ֥¡
ϹЦ
೤ϵϢһͨΣҵȻǾϷִ˵صı˺ħ˲ֽǹϷűǾˣҲ޼¡
յİЩ˵
ѪɫˣᾡϢ˺ħ֪˵ص⴦ַѪɫһҪռ֮һϾѪɫˣð˵˺ħ˵ķա
೤˵
ߣɲѪɫ˵ĵ̣һݣƾʲôҪãڻǶЩĵѣѵ͸ã
ϹֲɹֽС
ҿǾΪ׵
ܾ֣
߰λԪӤ棬ִࡣ
؆ˣ˵ر˭ֱ˭ʲôģϹִּ£ŭ·᯹ĵĽʿУǣ涯֣
ϹҲԪӤϹȥΪһɺҵĿ磬ֱһʿ޵ɱȥ
λԪӤ״׷סڡ
û̸ˡ
ɣ
Ƕ˴ѰڵϹűҲδؾͻԿ
ԪӤ棬׷׺¶֣ǿɱ޵·ıʿҲųɱ˽ȥ
޵ڣýɽĹڣп಻
˶ԪӤ棬ҳȥ
߰ԪӤһΧҽնܽһѲǡ
ֻǲϰ𵤼ĹޣͳɽãʬǧƽʬꡢԹ飬ѪԭϵĸȺǰȥԼЩѰʿ
ɱ
ű˭˭
ټƵĽѰʿ˷ܴ𣬳鵺ϯȥӴĵͽ׹ޡýʬԹ飬ɽڽʬ롢Ѫԭϴս
Ϊռż죬Ѱʿɱ񣬹ͬ
ֻСʱ޵ѾսѪ֮С
λԪӤ£ޱɱ˲ء

ս޵ȼգǲδӵ¡
ʬѾս
ʢŭ֮£ǰӭսִѰʿѾɱɽ¡Ѿһ뱻Ѱʿռݡý赲˶Ѱʿ
ɶ񣬻죬
ԦһŹƮУ·սɱʿŭ޷ơ
ĺǻڵһȭͷīڤףȼ
ڵڤף
ǣ˻𲢷ԪӤڵĹףǻڹ޵ڤףܹһȼ
ֻҪڤȡһСƬڤ׻𻨣һԪӤʿΪҽ
ڤףƳĹ𣬶һյΪ˵ܹԪӤڣΪΪڤס
ҲΪĹڤ׻ԽԽ١
ԭ׼ɻ٣Żᶯá
ʱҲܲЩˡЩѪʿһЩѵǻΪԼҵĶɱɱ
ɭЦ£һצ֮Уն߶״ڤס


540 

ɫĪ⣬գĳ߶״ڤ׼䣬ಡʣ뵺ڵԪӤʿȥ

鵺ϵĹԻУдͽսơ
ŲѪ͹һʿͼշУ⵽ȫɡΪҪƻϳǶʱ
ԪӤʿʿ뵺ڣҲδǿȥݻ󣬶ѡӵĵɱ뵺ڡ
ԪӤʿͽͽԼΪѰᱦʿڹдٳɱԸ;Щͽ׵áʬޡ꣬ǲмڳֵģõµĽʿȥɨһ⡣
⵺ϣдϹӪصķżȷʵһϹսֻǲ߽ʬϹķĪǶѾ޸ȡߣ
ˡϧˣ֪ʣ¶ϹűԱҵҵҵЩЩʿˣֱӴĸɴЩ
桢ԪӤʿһнѪԭϣһߴЩϹżָ½ʿɱʿһ˵
ЩϹűδ֪֮ҿ೤ϣƺǿռ˵˼ǶɢޣѪɫΪۺ̨ԪӤʿɱȲˡһ˵ѪɫռݣҲûʲôˡ
泯Ƴȥ΢΢̾ЦѪɫǧԽԵӴѪഫ;ݵ㣬Ϊתͽ֮Ѫɫ˲ԪӤ룬ѾγһΪӴСΣƺгΪѪһͼ
ǾǿܺˡħʮĶɴ˿ôѪɫˣҲֻѪվסţڶеĻҲ˵졣
˲ΪȻңѪ󨣬ǹŴݵһСЩǶڻǣѪɫ˶ռ˵
ͻȻͣ½Ųʶһǿ֮ĹѹعƲ֮Уڿٱƽһ
ףʲôڹ֮зУ
Ҳ̧̾ͷչ
ֻһƬԶһ쳣ɭ׻Ʋȼգնӳī档
ԪӤޣ޷˾˵ơĪǵϵԪӤˣ
һ·ϣһֱûмԪӤޡڿƳˣѹǿƺֹԪӤڰ
ͳ˽һɫ΢΢죬ɫ¶ɡ
жԪӤ뵺ڣʵǿᵽ˼㣬˿嵺һԪӤĹ޳֡ȻҲҪǽսߵĿԡ
յѡԵѣ
󷽣ӰӶ
ǶջڻǿʿʱҲԶյλԪӤʿ̷
շ裬ܲٿ󣬿ڣƺ˿ҵȣ
ǷҪ֪һϹ֣೤ϵˣǹϣ
ʿҲоЩ
ɼ䣬ȴսߵŵĺɫ棬ʣշͷ
ԪӤ״ɴŭ
˹޾Ȼһߣ
ԪӤڹޣҲҵȣ
ǶѪɫ֮۾һһӦԪӤ棬ǵʿκһ㹻ʵԪӤ޵һ
ߵףһǹˡһˣʹԺյԪӤʿҲд
ӣЩԪӤ棬βŭ
Ȼһߣ֪ҵȵ
ԪӤʿŭȡ
λѣһ֣
Ϲֶ죬һ£һɢɻƹСģ˲ʮɴСءŭһĳ۷ȻһƣȻһġ
䣡
ȻСͨĻɫϣƺƵĻƹҲ֮һͷɴСǵĻӰΧʮ﷽Բľʯ׷׷γﳤĹʯˣϯϡ
Ϲһֱ㼫ȫȻɱԪӤһ
ǹɱ
ˮԣ
ԪӤҲ˿׷״ԵСͨ
ɴСĳԹӰ
ɳıˮ
ǿķ߶£Ÿɫҫ۹âƾ춯صԶʵĺɱȥȫ߶׵Ĺâ
һɲǣ޵طڣʿ۶Ǻ֮ķӰ
ϵĹʿ޽սڽʿǣ޲麧ȻĿѣԣ׷׶ԪӤǽս֮ءֻҪһǱҪǡ
һ˲䣬߶ףСͨϡ
ȼˣ
ֻ߶ףסЩС֮ͨϣŷԾѣԼٶɣȼտ
״ԭʮԪӤǣľֽ
ڤףȻǴ˵Ĵ½ڤеڤף
೤ϣɫɲǼһƬҰס
𲢲ϡ档ֲֿĹδţڶɽ硢Ѫɫ֮δֹ
ĳЩɵأ֮УֻڤײµСͨҲջ١
೤ɵ伮
ʱѾΪʱǼССĺڤףٶСͨȴһ˲䣬ԪӤ
ãߣ
˻ã
ԪӤ֪гƽʱϧСͨ˲ã䣬˲Ϣǧɣ⡣
ֻԪӤ棬ٶ̫죬ٵڤ׷ϣմǵϡ
ҡ
˻
ڤһմԪӤ棬ͬһɲһ㣬ȼտһĹ򣬾ͽԪӤĻ֣ȼٽűǣڵԪ
ԪӤʹ˻ȣҽĶǣֱ׷յֻʣѻҽ
ûһλԪӤᣬȥʩԮ֡
ԪӤ濴ԪӤ³˲ʹ׷״ӴȡԪҪǮ׷ĺڤȥͼ赲ЩڤףԸٶȥ
䣬棬ͬԪһΪҽ
ɹѵԪӤ棬Ѿݣ־;ҲҲоҪ֪ԪӤʿǼģսˣҲ䡣
ʼգЩԪӤʿзڤ׹ʿΣδ壬ȫܣܵףֻܷ
ãλˣӣ

ټƵĽʿĿԪӤԪӤҲĶӣƼת¡ﻹȥɱޣʱȻУ뵺ϵĹʿսķ׷·ӡ
޵У
ɱɱ
޵ѪԭϣɽϣʬϣеĹʿһ̣ʿ˲ɱԪӤʿǵĿУѾеǲٿŴáޡ꣬ŭХɽȫ淴
ˣˣ
ʱղУɴС˫ͷ׷˹
˫ͷոеɥǣŸʱսѶЩɱ뵺ڵԪӤʿѾȫ
Ұʲô
ʱʬڰ·ϼ׷Ϲ˫ͷգϵս
˫ͷպĴƲг棬ХһŨīʬӿգۼɢȥΪһɸߵ˫ͷں䡱˵档
˫ͷں˫ͷζɡ
ֻǣɿݺݣ˫ֱһĺ𸲸ǣδȥָצ
ªͷ­ȻĿˣȴӥǡ죬ͫҲǺֺɫĿɭ֮˫ͷĿ֮£һ۱õͽ׵Ľʿ
εԪӤ
¸£ȥɣ
˫ͷΪ֮Ťһ²ӣ۾Цһ˫һչȽջӲĺɨΧʮﷶΧ
һĺȼյתۻǵصĳǰĽʿȥ
ɱɣ
ýѱѰʿѹƵļΪ˿̹֣ƶת̲Ĵ½ʬõȣſ׷ɱݵĽʿ
ʿԭʵȻռƣʧȥԪӤ֧֣ǸҺԪӤ޽֣ȫܣ޺
ⳡܣ̫ܵ죬̫ˡûκһʿ֮ǰܹԤϵ
ɨǼԪӤʿȥ׷ɱǼݵԪӤʱͻȻͣͷǵķ
ţô£
ǧ֮ϹűڣȻʡ
һƸŵĿܷʿȻʿָɵˡ
һ£
Ȼŭղڤ׶ԸǼԪӤ档һɸƵĿܷʿѾ
û߿ܣ˿ڵʧȥϹűһա
ҪͷԸߵ飬̫鷳ˡ
ԭɭѿ
ЩԪӤ棬˼ϢѼסɱ٣ϹűǱߣöӣԲʧ
ԪӤݵķһ΢һ˼˾
աʬýڲԪӤʿʿϾɱһȥſ⣬ȡ˱ʰǡ
Ϸ׷ɱԪӤʿХһһɫ磬ЮŹǷȥ


541 ɱʿ
鵺ϣ޺ԪӤʿս״
ʱϹűڣҲ˼Σʱ̡
顢顢顭
ڣԪӤ飬׺ײŽסο
λɫϣһ֣
ÿһײζҶء˵ʣµʱ䣬һɲǣʱѾԵüΪȡȱεĽûӳ⣬ֻȫҪ
Ҫμ̵ʱܹرϹű󷨽Ƶתô֮ǰʿľ޴ۣ塣
ǣҪǾת뿪ȴġ
ϾǻлᣬرձڵĽ󷨵ġ
ʿһ󾪾Ƭ̲ҵ飬̰ȫעŵĮ̇
ͨ󷨵ĿѾ䣬Ҷص˾ĵģʲôʣʱѾȥ࿼ǡ
ʿһĮȻֱӳ̨ȥ̨ʮ֮
һۣΣգҲ׷׿̨
ýˣ˴̨ϸܵıѹǿϵһĴ̨ӿ˵ѪУ̨̾ϵıӱǿҡ
̨ϵĽƷģɫ貹âȻתϢûܵ˿Ӱ졣
̨иıӣҲûκα仯
ʿһɨ̷̨˲ͬѰĵطλѿ쿴̵̨ƬϣһƵİӡƺͨͨƲС
֮ǰܴʿϵľͨƣѾʿ
Ҷء˵Ҳע⵽һ㣬׷óԵͨƽбȶԣȻСһ
ǫ̈ӣ̨ϵ̵Ľ󷨣άϹűתҪرս󣬾ͱȶϾ֮ϵ
Աһºʿɫϲ
˵⣬ʿо϶崦ӡǣöӦöڿͨдƣһСпͬʱöưУֹڽת
ʿⷬ²֮˷׷׵ͷ
Ǹһƣͬʱ밼ӡڣ
һ˼漴ͬ
ϻһƣÿԽȡ
Ҷ˵
ʸ˵ͷ̷֮ıУѸٷѰĴڵһơ
ע⵽ĴУˮȡõԪӤԭϡ
ĿȸڷʿС
֮æŶԸ󸣬һʱҲ˲ȥѳԭϡȻˣԭϣǵⶫԶԪӤһҪҲû˼ȥȡ
ԭϣ˵õϣ
ʸڵԭϣһ΢һٺ󣬷ȡһƣһĬĬպÿĴ·ذ̨
ƣڴ˴
ÿ˸һƣվڶӦɫλã׼ã

ʿվãһۺһȣͬʱͨƣӡȥ
ֻöڵͨдƣ̵̨Ļ˵ӡǣǺһһ˿ķ϶û¡
ɲǼ䣬̨Ϲâ
ɫĹӰͬʱ𣬷Ծ
ͬʱöͨϣҲֱһָϸɫ⣬Ͷϣӳγһ貵ĹĻ
˶ʱⷬ澰𾪵ȥ֪ᷢʲô
ӿɫĻҲ죬ȥҲ졣ΪһȦɫ⻪ͬʱʼɢȥ̵̨ķҲͬʱܿʧȥ˹
̨ϣûκνƹâڡ
Ҳûκ͸Ƭ꣬ĸ͹ȥ
ֻһöɢϢıӣ̨롣˲֪£ƺʱѿΪһ
͡ɹˣ
˺һɣϣЩšϹűĽƣȻʿֹͣˡȻ˵һֱϣܹɹһˣЩš
һ֮Ѿ뿪⣬ǰȥⷿȡκοرûнƣֹǡ
ɹˣϹűĽѾֹͣתˣ
ʿɫһĮĿȴ¶һ˿Ķ̨رӲšöӣֻж̶̵ʮɣȡ֡
ǣûȥȡ
֪ѹûжȥȡͷ
ˡʿҶصˣȻҲ׾
ɵӣҲܲµöΪ֮ԴƷŶôߵļֵ
ΪϹűĽתģöӲǱκһƷȵġ
ⷿĿڣдʮ׵ʮԪӤʿʹõƷСͨСͨԪӤԭϡԪӤؼȵȡ
öرӣԲеκһҪ̫ࡣ
˺ʿ˵ĺЩ˫ǿռеĹâҪ̨Ӹֱ˹ȥһԱ鲻ײε죬ǶšΪöӣеĿر
ûҶȥȡȴΪ֪
ӣ
Ҷм𺳣ˡ䡷Աöеļأ̫ˡ
УͨظţģöӵظţģӦҲһͨƷ
˺ʿûмͨƷûⷽ롣ǣ֪һҪСͨмֵǰֿɵã
ӣֻôһö˭ܵõ
׵˭Ҫɲÿ˶ܻõ֡
ҶѸٺͻʸһۣȻǼϣܵõ֣ȴҡҡͷͷѹȥ
˽𵤾Ų㣬Сͨ
ʿ𵤰˲㣬лһöСͨδʹá
ڷʿ߲㣬оΪ죬޷Ԥ⣬֪ʲôֶΡһη֮ɫֻаԵɱﵡ
˶սûһǡ
ʹǷ֣ռҲΪޡ
һƴ£ѸԵɱΪΣգܾ˶ѾõĽ
ҶûָԼܺ𣬰˶ɵ
ұײνܿͻвδ֮ǰʿ֮໥ڶʵ˭öӣ³Ҳõȥ
Ҷڵʯ֮䣬Ѿеʸ°ɣȡȡȡ˱ͷȥľ⣬ȡöԪӤ
á
ʸ΢΢ͷ
Ҷй˼ɡ
УͬĹ˼ɣҶءʿɵһЩ޼ɵʿûһǵģöرӵĹֲ
ãȴֵ˵ķӦ
ѣȡֱȡˡҷ
ʿ
ϵܲҪӣ
һֳ˵Ǽλأλȡöӣʱȣˣݲö룡ûҪұȡˡ
Ȼǫã˶óǼҪöӡ
öӣƷ̫ߣµԪӤڲϡǷΪԪӤڻԶܳһʱﶼ޷ʹͲˡǲ˭ȡöӣڵĿأҷ򸾶ˣݡ
Ҷ˵
ʿԥһ¡
СֻͨʣһҪᣬܴܲЧ˵ˣһԻҶط򸾣ȱƺ⣬ֻҲᷭᡣ
ʱʧȥСͨΪ̣϶ҶϷ򸾣װѡ
һҲȻҶط򸾵ʵѡҲһ
ȳȥִеȺףʿһᣬСͨ͵ϮɱˣȡӺСͨ
˴ʿҲǿһЦĳҲˣøֱǡǱбһݡʱ䲻࣬Ҫȡȡɣ
Ƿ׷׷ȻȻûԸҪöӡ
˵ҪĳȡöӣҵǷݱֳݣֻȡһСݣΪλѵĲ
˴ϲ
ɣ
ʿмŴߴ٣ȴЦſһϷ
˲ԥ
ǳڽδԶ֣ȴһ䴢ųһͷ𵤳ڵĽԳ
ͷԳɫëɶƺη̨ϵıӡ˵Ĵߴ֮£סԾĺм̨ϵöȥһ̡
Գֱ۽Ӵӵһ˲䡣

ֻӣһ
꣡
Գɱȡƣ޴˫ĿԲޱȣѾһɫ⻪ǣסıͷĽͷʮɸߴĽԳ⡣
ʿɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽˻һͷԳָʹԳȥȡӡ
˸ǺȻɫ־塣
ö̫ԵղŶֵ±ģˡһ⣬꣬㳹׽ϡһ㣬³
ͷŭĿ⣬ȻɨʿҶءʿˡ
ǣɱ˵Ŀ⣬ڷʿϡղȹĶȥȡöӵģǷʿҶغʿŸ͡
շģĶȥȡӣ뺦ң
⡣
Һ£Լȥȡģ
ʿм֪֮ȷʵĿ˵ѰʿǶɥڴ˵ءֻһ˵ʵѵ֣ȻܳԼͼǡ
ҽƱ磡ӽⱦڣұʮֿɣ˵غʲôҪԪӤҲãͼıʲôȺ˿׵ѣ뺦ңɶ㣬ȥɣ
ŭգһأﻹ̵סе죬ΪĵâȻʿһߴ£ϵܣҶϵܣãٳ֣
շĺͿһƺշļɵұô˿ˣֻû֤ݣһֱɶѡ
ʿͬ˷ʿֿ֮ɫһִ߱ɡȻʿȥշģʲô·ʲôȥɣ
𵤺ʿͬʱ֣ǷʿɵС


542 ӵ֣
ģԼȡӣȻԴΪڣɱң
ʿ˺ʿһ͹Įڲɱɫæֵˡ
ȫ̵ļƻ
ⱱڤӣɱˡ
ȻҶط򸾺ʿɱӡ
ȵѰʿ໥ɱļƻҲˡֻҪȹ뱦ڣȡ߱ӱ󹦸ɡ
û뵽˽СģʹһͷԳȥȡӡԬ⣬ӹһ١˴ŭ֮£ֱָץסɵ㣬ĶʿҶصˣʹɱ֡
Ӻɣ⵽Χ
ʿʵֻ̫н߲ΪһķûСȻһǸ壬ҲֻʩչһЩֶͨΣֻ²ԶԿ𵤺ʿ
ʿͷתķɿ죬ٿһԪɽȫֵ˺ʿĹ
ȼѪ󷨣
ʿһۼ޷УȻʩչһȼѪԪϹǿбʵ
ʱ͸Ѫ⼱ת㣬ȻðѪɫ棬Ѫ׵Ļ棬ȫ֣γƬѪ溣
ʿȻδȼգȴҲתѪŪĿѣʹ˻
ϵѹʼڽڱǣȻҲ֮䣬𵤾Ž۷״̬
ȼѪ󷨣Σ
Ϊһ߿ܣǲǷٻ
Ҫ
ʿѪ˫۱ȳͬʱȻƣֿһԪɽɽ˺ʿȥ
ʱ˺ʿĹҲͬʱϵ
䡢䣡
Ԫڰн໥
ʿȻڽڰˣϾ˺ʿǿɴ˿ɼʿʱ𵤾Ž׵ʵǿᵽ˼㣬ڼ˵ʱܿͬ׽ʿ
ҶоȣⷮʿȻʩչ˵ȼѪ󷨣Ȼڵʵֻϵ³
Ҷѣϡǽɱңöռ⣬ºǱضҪɱǶˣ֣ɱСˡֻҪܳǶˣϹűڵбȫǷ򸾣
ʿʩչȼѪ󷨣ǿеֵ˺ʿ͹
ܿԲסŲȥæҶȡ
ѣֻɱҾ֣
ҶĿһۻѪȼյķʿ˿û˼˺ʿ񹥷ʿ
ⷮʿ·Ϊ̫죬ʵƮ뱦;ֵļ󣬷ǳֵûɡʿǾΪã˭Ҳ޷Ԥһʲô
֮£˺ʿѰʿµĵϸʵ֪Ҫʲô
ҶضԸ˺ʿûʲôõĵġ
ҶؿûΪһʿˡʿΪСڣͷܿͻοҪɱһʱսö޷ȡãҲԱȫ
ãҶϵܣɱշģºٷֱ⣡
˺ʿԭЩҶػҶһ˵̷ȫӽɱʿ
ˣҲŹǣ
ʿʱ޵ҧгݣȴòȫӦ˺ʿΧɱ
ñǺ⽣ȥȡӣһԣ˵ȡ
ʸ˰̨öһۣΪĶҶ˵
ʱԽȣײΪңӡʿȫɱڳĽʿУֻǱԣܲٿرϵԪɽܹǿҵı֮
ȡӵѡû˱ʡ
У
ҶҡͷͬСɣԤ⣬ðաһıҲֵסӵĺǾˡ
˵꣬ɨۼսеˡʿʿˣɫ侲ޱȵ˺ʿȡ˱ӣǾһԣ
Ҷһ䴢
һɸȫ׵Ŀܣֳһ˾ɫǹ֮С
һ֣ʯ˫ĿѪɫâһ
̨Եץ㣬һѽö뵱йŵıץУӰ̨ȡ˳
ɢһɺ
Ҷشϲһ֣ٿ˻ء
ĳ֣˺ʿԼѾ֧Ųסķʿע
תͷһһҶڵķλ
յľ֮У뵵ı˪ֱѸȫһ㱡ı˪
˾ȵǣȻﲻļ˪ѾȫȻסȫϿʼһ㱡ı˪㣬Ѹٱ
ǣܶδױ⣬̨˳һڰѱڡ
ٷЧ
һȫƵļ
˺ʿӣ˲ʲôе𾪡һƵļȻѪԪӤ棬Ҳû˭ӵСҶǴŪģ
ãڤӱȡˣ
ʿʧŭгҲû뵽ſڣȻһʿȡӡȫԤ֮⣬޷
Ҷزٿɹȡ֡˪ԽԽأ˿ҳɣֱӽͬеӣջصС
̨ϵıӱҶȡߣеıϢ̿ʼ
ң
ʿ׺ۣŭƴǣȼѪ󷨣ʵʵ֮ʼ޿صı
˺ʿٿԪһʿ
죬ҫۻƹ⣬ķʿС
߱ɡ߲ͬʱǡ

ʿƴֵҲסһҽУѪʱѹɢ컯Ϊ촷ۡ
ʱһƹĺӷʿ˳һէ֣ļХһ£ڽŰɡ
ͻȴİΧڣ޷ѡ
긽壿
ʿѵǱ޸ˣ
˺ʿĪ
ȻֵĹ꣬Ƕ˾ȴκͷ
˶ʱ飬һɱ
Ȼ˼ӣ޵ĿתҶط򸾡
ҲԹ˻ἵޡ
ʧһͷԳӵı߶ûû뵽һתۣͱҶȡߡ
Ҷѣδ̫˼Ҫ˵ȡ˱ӣֱˣαˣŪֶΣʧһͷԳҪǲϷһ˵ݹҲˣӵѣɱӹңº󱦿ڵĿض㣡
ĿⶢҶװĴͨ죬ѪӿһУ˻ƹӲӵСͨϬӡ
ҶؿɲǷʿ
ҪԸҶأǶǾСȡʤսܵĿܡҪ֪Сͨɷ׷ɱҶأδɱҶء֪Ҷصʵǿᡣ
Ҫȡʤ붯Сͨİա
ʿԹžƱãδ̱̬δͬҲδԡȻˣﻹϣܹ֣شҶط򸾶ˡԽ࣬Խһ¡
ҶȴǲмһһһӵϵžСžɢŹϵķϢ˵ġϬӡ֮¡
ʸͬʱһԽԽлԵϢͬǿޱȡ
Сͨ

ڱɫ
ʿɫ䣬˺һ
Ҷصɱﵣ
ҶؾϽĳϣҲӦǿʵнСͨҶصĵƺ֮ߣԶ²͸
ֱʣĻֶκͲʹǶɹĵ׵ӣֻҲ
ɫһ½Ӳ֪롣
ҶغͻʸеСͨǶĳСͨС
ʿԭЩ⶯ܷⳡͻ֮Уռˡ
˿̼Ҷط򸾶СͨһϧƴơһƴҶط򸾲ɱˣɱ
ʿסˣæȰǧ侲һʹⷨ±һΪҶϵܼȻбȡӣȻ뱦Եֺα˼ңбͬǣȫûҪܾˣ
ϣ˰
һҶطʧȥǣƣ
Ҷϵز¶ĳˣӹ㣬汦еıҪҺӵѣĳƴҲҪͬھ
ɫ䣬Ϊʵҧ
ãֱˣ
ҶȴǵһЦϵ˲ðӲƴ
顢飡
οϾ𶯣һߴĴֳѷ졣񱩵ΣѾܹп
Ҫˣߣ뿪˵أ
Ҷɫһ䣬æͻʸͨȥ
ʿһɫ񱼡
顢顢飡
ξҵײڱ𶯣ѷѸߣ걬ѡ
Ҫȥ֮ǰͻȻ뵽ʲô˺֮ܳı飬ֽʿĴȡУȻͨȥ

ŵͬʱڵı󸣬ǿײΡ
ŵıӰɡɣѪ˫ͫŭһԾ䴩˹ţͨе׷ȥ

쬡쬣
ɫӰһһͨĹţϹűδ
˶ˣҶغͻʸ
ڣʮѰʿڽϥϢǲҽһֱ֪ڷЩʲôڴеϢһգ͵ȵĽ͡
Ҷط򸾳ǲɾϲ
Ҷ֣ɱ˲ϣ
ȡԪӤ
顢֣ɻԣֶˣæҶк
Ҷûᣬ˲ϢҲûиͣ£ִﱦ֮󣬺ͻʸ̳ϹŴ
ѾνгӺŭ׷ڵнƶʧЧȫܴӱͨڳԱڵʿɱ¾
Ψһ뿪;ǹŴ
СϹŴÿһֻܴһʿÿδͣҪĶʱ䡣ʿҪȫȥĻҪʮʱ䣬ࡣ
ٶ̫죬Ҫһʮʱ䣬еʿҪӳȥǲܵ顣
ںʿɡ
Ҷ֪ʱܽԪӤ˵ڡѰʿĴ֮£ս˭Ӳȥ
ţٽ⣡
ҶߣͻʸеƺСƣӸ֣ý֣ܣܻܲȫǵˡ
֣ɻֽöСƣ໥һۣɫ죬֪ҶؼҴҴͳȥֽöӸʲô
ʸȴ͡
ҶأӴʧ
ҶشӹŴʧʱʿӱżɫɨһֻۣҶѾվϹŴϣһԣ̳Ŵ
ӵѣڵ
ʲôˣѣأ
ڵʮʿͷԣʮ֡
ʿɫ䣬һδķڹŴԱߡҶشӹŴʧվڹŴϣ
ʿޱףʿʿλͬʮͬܻܿƬ֮ɥڴ˵ءǣļʲôҲ˵ڵЩѰʿһӦĽ
˴ӱͨڳǱޱȣɫԵüȾֻš
κҲûУȫٿŴ
ڵʮʿڸоǿҵĲԾ໥һۣɫɫ
ڣĪʲôµĶ
һˣҪȻҶϷ򸾡ʿΪ㼱뿪
ãһб䣡
˴ӹŴʧһɲǡ
飡
һͷ޴ı飬ӹųȻڱڡɢһɱ˵ĺ˲һ˫Ѫɫ˫һתɨʮʿ
ԪӤ飿
˵ڱһͷԪӤ飿ϡʿûһˡ
ڴûмʱӦʮѰʿ˫Ѫɨ޲Ȼɫ֪ΪʲôҶءʿ˾
ֶ˼һͷԪӤ֣ҽһŷŴͼӴȥ
ȥ⣡
֣ɻԶˣֵ˺һۣȻͨ
ףʿʿȴͬʱͨ
ɲǼҳһţʿ

һ䣬һùĽʿҽУһѱꡣ


543 أ
ҶغͻʸˣӹŴӳϹű⣬ڻڵķ֮С
ӳ죬һ
ͷԪӤ󸣬ӦòʹùŴ󣬲õ׷ϧˣȻͣ˱ڵĽ󷨣ͷ̫ѶԸȴûȥȡı
ҶؿЦ
ǵһöԪӤһö֪Ʒ׵ıӣڵõԪӤؼпˮȡԪӤԭϣѾȫֵô˴ƴðա鱦Ȼ޸ܣǾ˳Ȼ
ʸҲЦ
ܿ죬ʿѰʿҲ̴ӹŴ
⣬Ҳûʿˡ
һͳģۼ󸽫ڵһʿɱ꣬εĵսľִżֳɹĽ֮ɫ
ӣ޲¡
֣ôҲͳˣһΪȥͨȡԸǱ󸣡
ʿЩ죬ԭΪ߻ľƣܻȥľ⡣
ߣƻУûƣôԸ󸣿
û
Ϲű󷨽ƣʹƣֹرˡ
ǣͨڵľ֣ǸγɣΪƹرնɢȥͷĴڣõ֤ҪͨǱҪơ
ҶؽĴСӸ顢֣ɻԡ
ʿŻơ
н߻ӷʿľ
ѾСͨٽ⣬õСͨʵҲûκáϾһСͨҪһΪ
ԪʣʮѣһΪµһ㣬ҲԪӤˡԣӵһСͨǶСͨʵûΪ׶еСͨ
˱мֵĽľͨƣֱӴͨȥȡвеķ鵤ʧȥ󷨽ƣҲͬͨ裬һŭɱıɱͨڣʱ·ӣ
׷ɱļˣҲð˴գֻʲô˲ϵӳѰᡣ
Ȱ;
˶֪
ϵܣлΪβ⣬ЩСͨȥԸ󸣿ʹСֲͨСͨһ㣬ҪľԪ
ֵ
ҲһЩٳ
ʿһĲʣ㬵ǡ˭֪Ҷϵܣ᲻ĹŴˣҪǴˣұ˵ˣҵ֣áϬӡοҲɱǱ󸡣Ҿȡ˻ڵСͨδؾһá
ʿȻС֮ĶȾ֮ɣ˭ҲԹ
ϾѰʿͲһ·ʿǴҶصڻҵģһϵе飬Ҷʵ̫ǿͷա
໥ʿº֣
ҶغͻʸӣȴԡʿȻǰŸ˳ԷƻϹűڡǶˣǾܰѴˣҪ֪顢֣ɻԵ˻Ϲű档
ˣ²ᣬôǶõһöԪӤôҲ㲻ˣ
˵
ֻǱҶصУȻЩղѣαĴôǱҶط򸾵ȥöӵļֵԹȻҲƷײСͨҲû̫Ĳƽ⡣
ֻʿһˣֻջһöСͨһöԪӤЩġ
ڣҵˣǷҪ취ȥɱǱ󸣬ȡڵĿأ
ʿҶء˵ʵ
̫ˡͷڱڣûԪӤΪ˭붼·һԪӤ뱦ڣﻹЩʿķݣңҷ򸾶Ѿеıﹰ͸λˣλȡ㣡⵺ǹ޵ĵ̣ҷ򸾶˲
Ҷ˵еջѾԤϣûҪ̰ġ
鵺ǹ޵ĵֵ̣Ĺ켣󣬶ѰǶƲ֪ʱ˷ʿ꣬ǹΪܹɿһ𵤺ʿֻԪӤڹ޲
⵺ϣ֪ʲô飬ƣƺвٵʿڶҵȻǾ뿪ǣԤϣ
ҶصǵԶߣԶһƬɫŨƣ棬ԹâҫƺʲôڵڶңԶ¡뺰ɱ
Ҳգ뿪鵺պ뵽Ըİ취ȡ
ͬ硣
˲ȥһ󣬱̻Ϊĵâ⼤ȥ
ǣʮӰڻڵĳǽ
аޣ
Ѱʿ
˫ʿڻǵĳſڴֱϣɾ
Ҷء˵˵ľȣͲö˵ˡ
ʮʿͬԾ
Щʿаޡ汻ɱηϣ¡
ǣû˵ҪǸʲô
ǲ׹˵صͼȲڳҶҲ뿪һֱڻǿڴҲ֪ҪʲôʱΪֲ̿
ЩѰʿֻˣôڳ
ô࣬ɱǣ
ʮаޣľ֮󣬼Ҷء˲ʿɴϲ¶Ц̷׷״ԵԪֳѰʿΧ˹ȥ
ѰʿǻռľƣֿɱǾͲаˡ
ϵܣлһŷã
һЩаޣɫ䣬ˡʮаޣƵСͨһóɱЩаû⣬ԪӤȴûָˡ
ڣҲָֻʿܹˡ
⡭ֳΪã
ʿɫ΢䣬ΪԸ֡һõһСͨнûκξĵơˡҶأʱԼһöԪӤ
ʲôˡ
֣СͨһС֣ͨΪһŷٶ֣ҵȶҪ
Ҷ̼
÷ϷһֱδõġԪսס㣡
̷ӦҲ˲ϧԼСͨԼӽڵõһСͨʿȥ
ã֣Ҳ˽ˣ
ʿСͨɫһϲ
ʮаڷɿƽҲˣɳŭȣ߿裡һһϵСͨаܼ֮˳ȥ
̼䣬Ϊһɵߡ
ߣڰշ趯١ǧɳҫĿ磬޴ĺףǰΧĴа޶ֽȥˡ
䣡
ꡪ

񱩵ߣ˲£ڴа޵ϡܶ׺ΪҽԪǧٿףٻ
ߣԪӤʿܷϵֶΣǽʿֵܵ
ֻʣ²аޣδɨȥ뵽ǰļѰʿֶ˿£һ˲ϢȺ𵤺ʿһ룬ɾҽУĳ䡣
˴ǮʿֻʮаޣĿΪӡ
ʿһͷСͨľϲҲû˼ȥ׷ɱǼаޡ
֣֣߰ɣ
ҶذҡͷЩЦֵһСͨȥʿɱаޡ˵ǾԻ㡣ҲСͨ࣬δؿһСͨ
Ҫ뿪ǡ
ͻȻһǿҵĹϢڴ֮գٱƽ
ãǹޣԪӤޣ
ɫ䣬ӴϢǽ޵ϢԪӤڹ޵Ϣ
ŸմϹű׷ɱӳɱʮаޣתΪǿԪӤޡɲһĵù
ǹɿµĹϢ̫ˡ
ԪӤڹʿʵԶǸܡԪӤʶһɨѱϰӳʮ⣬ԪӤҲ׷ϡ
죬֣ɴ
ʿִС
˲ҵִɴʣѰʿȫֽȥȻȫԵϢй¶Ϣȥ
ܴܲԪӤ޵жһ٣ҪɴʾжЧ˵

̵ֻһСǵϿգһź𣬴
ڻڡ
ڵĸȻںػ£ȫѡ
ɢȥɭµ¶һϮۣʹ
ʶһɨﷶΧڣҪѰĿꡣ
ˣӦûڱڣ
ҪͽȥȴͻȻ뵽ʲôצһץʮڤ״ץ˳ƯڹŴΧʮڤף˭Ҳ޷⴫ɷΧ
ڤ׷ֹƻŴ󣬹ŷĵ̤ϹŴУһͽϹű⡣
ɴڵˣоɿµϢһĻڱһ㡣һСǹɿµĹϢʧ˼ûκζһƿɴʣСͨ
ԪӤ̫ˣȻҲסһҺСͨߣܾ
֣֣ǣ
Ҷ˵꣬ͻʸȥ
˺ʿӣ˶Ķɢӳ
Ȼ˼һߵķҲȫͬ

ϹűڣĿɨڣ˼״һĽʿʬ⣬һͷԪӤ飬ڱȥ
һ긽差ʿʶҶء˵˵ϢЩʬУûκһҶءʸˡʿˡ
ӴʶɨϹű⣬ͨ
ʧȥ˽Ϲű⣬˿費˹ǿʶ̽
ʶһɨ󣬹ŭ
ӵȥˣ
ˡʿȡ˱ӵҶغͻʸȻڱڣ֪ȥϹűļͨڣмʿţ⼸صСආû˿Ȥȥᡣ
ı֮ãȻʿˣ
Ѿܻ
ʿź͡ʿʧȥһСϵôһСĹ򣬾ͱʿЩѰ·ԪӤʿĴ¡
ӱᣬƳ޴ڤƷȻҲ⼸Ѱʿһ䲻


544 
һ˫ѪɫͫУһʵĹ
˹ϵĿֲĹѹܵһǿҵΣϢ˿ƣֻǵţѸٺˣͼ˻ص֮С
ǻŭ޷йһ¿󸣬˹ŭ֮
ûõʿɱˣȥɣ
Ŀ㣬һ̽ʱһ֧ʮɾ޴ĺצץ󸡣󸼱ӣȴûѣɭɭĹצץס
צϺ汩ǣս
һź潫ûֻһűͼƴϨĺ档ǱϢֵסź棬ɲҽУںڻϢ顱һצץΪһűꡣ
ͷҶء˵Ƚʿв޴ԪӤ飬ץ
󸣬һڶ
ڱҲҶ˵䣬ɫĴӹŴڻС
׼ټ˫ͷաʬýڽ𵤹ޣ޵ԷҶء˵Ѱʿűӳ鵺ȥ
ʱһĹմ
˫ͷЮŹɵֻǵϿգգۼǰ󻯳¡˫ͷյĹϣѼֻš
գô£׷ɱ뵺ڵԪӤʿΪδٻأˣ
ɫһ䣬Ϊá
˫ͷ鼫Ϊţ˵ˣ׷ɱǼԪӤʿҪ鵺һȺ˺ħɹԪӤʿٶвٹԪӤʿ¼Ʋԣ̸ϻУ˶ᣡ
ʲôˡħ˵ԪӤʿˣôͻȻٽѪɫ֮鵺ĪǰֵԪӤʿֻǵǰ䣿
һһ¼ڵĿҲԪӤ۷壬Ĺޣ˺ħ˵ԪӤʿҲɵĺܡ
ˣǷԳ֣ɱһӰ٣ǱƳ鵺
˫ͷռæʵ
죡ˡħˣΪΪӴˣٹ̣βƣɲǼѪԪӤɢô״򷢡ǣ鷳̽ʬýлûбķԸԺ˵ԪӤʿ֡
Ŀкâ
ʮڶɽ磬ûǵ˺ħӴ޷ڶеѪɫ֮޼ɵ壬ٳѪѾƵ˻صǵϳ
ĸΪʵֻܺ˵һħ˵һλͷȡֽĻֻܹͶһɹʵȣԶûҺ˽ĵز
ȵУмѰӱгˡʬˣеĽ𵤹ޣڵȽ뵺ڵѰʿۣҵ̴˵
ǣˣ
˫ͷ֣ΪɵˡʵϣǹƳԪӤ뵺Ҳδʶ˺ħ˵ʵȻڼɵʲô
ڶԹľη˫ͷһĹźȥ
Щ˺ħ˵ʿȻôܱ࣬ƻ˹󣬵취ֹǡ
ԭسһ£ͻȻĿһ䡣
ȺǿԪӤʿϢڴӲͬķƽǡÿһȺԪӤʿЩʿٶȼ죬ǣѾ̫Զ
ѹͷŭ⣬һԾ䣬Ϊһź𣬳ɽӴһȺԪӤʿȥ

ڹ뿪󲻾á
֣ɻԶˣϹűûκζСͨڣ̽ɫҰ׵Դ֮ǰǹɿµĹϢϹűʧӹһ١
ǷͷԪӤ󸣬Ѿˣ־ϲȴֻֿţ
ǹɱͷԪӤı󸣿
ûˣ߰ɣϿ뿪
˽קŸװĴ鲼ʬϹűӹŴͳȥӳǣұ¶٣һ·أڵڡ

ҶءʸˣڹӴϹű̷֮뿪ǣһӳʮӵ˻ΧԵ
ҶҵʱƫƧ֮ĹǴ׼ɺ뿪˵ءˡʿ뿪ȴֲˣýʿȻᱻѸѵ
ף˹ˣ
ҶͻȻеڣڶĲӵϢѸٿ
ֻһСӹϣһž޴Ӱƿˮ˶
ԪӤʿ٣
Ҷɫһ䣬Ц
֮Уʶ޷̫̽Զֻɡ
ǰӰмѹǿȴоϢıƽЩϢʵβ룬ûпءΪߵԪӤʿΪ͵ɲ飬ֻڵΪ
˵ҲǵùΪ˴ӱüѾȺԪӤ󸡢һȺаޡһɲԪӤޣÿһûȥײһʵǿʿ
Ķʿǹޡֻǣ֪ѰʿǶᱦаޣ
ʸҶһڹǴδӡ
˽ľ£Ҷظҿ϶ӰеļԪӤѾǡͱʱǿܣãɡǾܲ˵ģӦѹء
ҶдӦ⡣
֮䣬һɣתտ⻪ıƿϵĹ¶Ҷءʸǰ
ұǹŴݵ䱸ڵĴսֻһ޹֮ķзԷ죬Ҳں溽С
Ҷһȥײ簺Ȼһ۵ӣһӣһ۵ߡ
ԲѹʾߵΪԪӤʿһԪӤʿ
ԪӤ󣬻վʮ𵤺ʿ
Щʿͭɫ£Ůò䲻һ
Щʿм䣬һΪʮ߰꣬żŮЩ𵤺ʿУվڼװϣĴĹ쾰ɫ
ǰļԪӤסĿΣȴδҶغͻʸ
Щڼװϵʿ֮⣬вʿڱĴڣδ
һΪֵʿ˿ûнΣ֮صĽš裬⣬Щ۹鵺ľɫ
ʿΨһͬǣ½Ǵһɫʶ
ҶĿ⣬һ¶ǵĽɫʶϡ
ͳһıʶζұϵһԪӤڡʿͬһɹ
ǸʶҶȴʶĸоɹıʶڶ࣬ʤҶҲܻ⾫ȥȫ£һʱ䣬Ҳǲ￴
һתۼ䣬տѾİͣ£Ҷض档
Ҷûж룬ֹ̹λǰڲ֪Է֮ǰҶҲԱԼļһϽĵˣԩҲû˵
λǰ
ʸҲ
ŶǶϽɹʿʶӦϽԪӤϲİɣŮޣӦˮɹĵӰɣǶʵ֮ôϣҲ±ϵĹɱˣ
۵ߣЩȣĴһ۹ǴϵҶء
ֿʸע⵽˵ͬɹıʶ۾ʵߵļʶȻܹ㣬Ȼһ¾ͿҶغͻʸݡ
ɹϣ
ôôᣬΪôͣ
ϵʮʿɷ׷׶ݣۣɡ
ϽʿϽ֮˵ð̽鵺Ϲ޵
Ҷؼ߾ȻһϳˣֻӲͷƤ˵
ԪӤ棬ƺϽĵˣһ
Ҳȫġ
ԪӤʿһǵͽʿο붫֮ңѪɫ֮ĵ졣⼸ԪӤʿ˳ۣ»һ鷳
Ҷв֪Ǻ֮䣬۵ЦеˣǶˣǴǰгǳǣɽлǣ
ҶȻһͱķԲˡ
ǡ·򸾶ˣһʿǣޣʵޣò˻
ҶȻ治ɫĲĴ
ǾͲˣϷǰһƵĵ伮֮пһս˺ħˣһڴ˴ʡǳǣΪǡ˳ǼΪأ֪ʿ֮١ȡڵĿأɹ׳󣬴洦ҲȻܱϷҵ˵أ
߳Ҷ˵ֳ꣬ϵԪӤʿЦ
ǶˣɫҴңǻǳɷʲô
۵ӣȴɵĿҶء
ֳԼʿǼȥһǷʲôƷ
񣡡
ڽʿмŮͻȻ۾һӼװϴ


545 ʥʣ
󡭡أ
Ҷؿװϵױʮ߰Ůʯһ˲֪ǰһʿɫһһתͷߵĳ嶯
Ǽװ֮ϱڽʿм䣬λΪŮȻйһ֮Եͼֽ׵ʥʺᣬеСŮأ
Ҷͽֻ׹һοͼֽϽãļһɶûԤϵȻѪɫ֮һ;УλϺˡϾĪѪɫ֮Ϊ͵أϱߡ
Ȼˣر£תͷߵͷ
ǣزԵ޹
ֻһԭʥˣӦþҾ޴ıڣġ
Ҷͷëһɲ֪Ŀ־塣޹أɽ粻ηʥʵʿǼ١ԪӤʿҲͬʥη塣
ңʥʵĶԹ٣ЩԹʮָҲ˵壬ʥ档
Ҷǰ㻹ǵң
سֹʿ´ĶĽʿװǰЩϲһ䡣
ǰҵҴͺá
Ҷǿ±ߵĳ嶯˵ʥʼȻشϼ˼صĵλѾǽȻͬɲǵڳǺ޺̨СŮˡ
С㣬Сģ
۵ԪӤߣװǰɿһѵû̫ൣ֮ɫȻʵаգҶ޷ѣ޷˵ء
γ뵣ģλҶ磬أڣŲǳԨԴǰЩӣڻ˵Ҷڱ׸ǵһЩ顣
Ц
ȻҲϵãǾ޷
γ˵ҲǰʿԨԴŲٶ˵ʲô
˱ҶغͻʸҶ磬ػҪлҵİ˴ʯפյҶĶ£һһᱨ𡣡
عˡʯפյеͼֽǽףȡˣ㲻ʲô¡
ҶҡҡͷЩ˵
ǰأȻòʮ߰ŮģȴΪһöյʹפʵϣѾʮ£Ͳǵ崿Ůˡ
ҶҲȻٵСһ㿴ԺŪ
ȴҡҡͷϵҶ˵ֻһף㲻ʲôǴ˽ף˵ȴǰǿЩƻڹȥЩУȹѹءưܣֻҲ޷֧ŵڷء
ҶسĬԡ
˵⣬ֵЦڻʱἰ£û뵽ھȻ֪㡣Ҷ˵ҽҪܸҶһСǽʥʹҲˣ
ҶΣʥᣬأ
λǡ
ʸ˫ĿҶغ֮ƶҶʵ
Ҷظɿ˵һ£ǰλСĽס̫СҲһֱδ
ʥʵĺˣ
ʸȣصԭãû뵽ᣡջʸפյ
ʸ㣬ƯᣬӦҲùפյɣ
ʸصһߣ˵Ц˽ǳȴδܽһ硣
Ҷ뵽ʥⱦϣȴЩ
ȺʿϵıʶΪ죬ʥʱеһֱʶⱦ˴̣ʥѾʼؽʥʹ£˲ԪӤʿ
ʥʱ˳е̬ȣĥ
ʥʣ֪Լ̬Ƿв𣡴ʱ뿪Ҳǲܵˡ
ʱγüһƺ
صС㣬ҶϷ򸾶ˣ봬ڣ
ţõģ
Ӧһһ٣űϹ⻪תɿɫţӱкһֱӵҶؼ˽¡
Ҷ磬ʸ㣬С
̤Ϻš
Ҷ֪Ǹǻ㲻ԥ̤ȥ
ʸЦҶ˱
ʱǵҶ˵ĺţԼˣȵϣȥ
װϵһڽʿɲ죬Ľܹʥʹټɾ
Ҷؽ˱ڣʱһ
ұ濴ȥֻɣڲȴ󣬶ҲǴգһС͵ɳǳأڲĽɫ¥󣬵ȵȫ
ءҶءʸˣһûһУںŵǣ£һ̻Իͣļ侫Ĺǰ
ʱźȻһգɫû빬С
ͬʱҲһ춯ĳԴ򿪡
Ҷһȥֻ֮ȫɰ̳ɵƽ̨ͽݡʯ񣬵Ÿޣɽӡƽ̨УиɫɽȪ滨ݵ׺䣬ȥΪĿͬʱ˱Ƕȴ㱦
룬֮ϣһ̻Ի͵Ĵ׳ΰ֮ϷһϣдŽɫġйĸ֡
ҶСѣδ
һۻȻϣҶصĶ
ʥʣ
Ҷ΢΢һ٣̱ϳˡ
Ҳûʲôóˡʥʶ֮£Ǹʲô̬ȣվҪȥԡ
Ҷһءʸһ̤ϰݣ˴֮СظҶڴ֮վţ鹧
Ҷϣʥǰ
Ҷشʱһ㹧
ҶСѣԱʿɲϹϾѾ˼ŪȥɻϣߣҪŪˣȫңҲⲻ𣡡
ϵǸ
ϣ
Ҷ΢΢һɿ
ȻԾ޷³ʥĿģȴ΢΢һɡ
ʥʻڵص׹飬ǹԹû
ǣʥҪҲκηϻֱüװǼԪӤ棬ҪˬĶࡣҲԿʥȻԹδȴûô
ʱҶ̧ͷƽϿȥ
һɫۣŨüĿĿӣ䳰һĪ⣬ڴ֮ϣۿҶء
ˣʥʱˡ
ʥʲδͷųǿѹֻҶؽڵΪŲס
ԣһһ˸ߵĽܣĿĳֽĿվκ󷽣һɫ磬һɫŵģʥʹıʶ
ڣԪӤʿԼʮʿǷ׷ϢĿ𾪡ɻҶؿȥ֪ʥʸСӾʲôԹȻŭ
ҶطĶ
ʥʻ᲻ȡȥҲԵɴ಻ȥ롣
˼飬ɿɨ˴һۣδˣֻһڡ
Ҷаֹһ¡
ȻҽУСȴߣҲ֮ͨˣؼпܵõʥأȴûôˡ


546 ֮Ժ޶
ʻôӵعвȡߣҲûˣ
ʥʱɫȻ˵֪ҶڸԼ̸ʱ򣬾Ȼ˼ȥ飬֪Ҫ
ʥǰѾ׿ڴӦѴ˿ʥǰӦ֪£ΪҪջأ
ҶԲɲ죬¶һɫ
ڣȻķѾҶ磬㲻Ӧջءڿ϶ԭ򣬵ΪΥŵԣأ
ʱȴ˵ĻҶһ飬ҶҲʥʴ˾ЩףίȰ˵
ʥüͷһ壬δŭأǳ
˺һһ֣һĻҶأڡ
Ļ֮⣬ءʸλԪӤʿڽʿ˿
ʿͷ鲻ľȻ֪ʥΪҪ˵ģǼҪ飬ǻʸ
ǱǧǰոտʼϵʱѾ˼ռϣƳɵĿܡʱʵĿѣƳֻнʵպٽһΪԪӤһôϧδüڵص׵ع֮С֮Ҳ֪ʱ㲻˵ˡ
ʥɫ˵֮ʱֻ󲿷ּ䶼Ƹ˷ǻкܶϵʾ֮£;ϵشǷҲʵ̫һǿĵãѻ꣬й¶˾֮£ɼ䲻
ǰеΪȥʥʹ֣ȴûΪ˴л㣬ȻҲ͸㡣һ㣬ȴǱԤϡ
Ҷزɵ˵ͷԭûʥʵȫ䣬֪²Ž͸
ʥ֮˽ͣδǿȡѾΪѵáʥʶ˵ǿҪʮӣҲҲ
ʥ˵СƬ̡
ͼҲ֪϶ܶҶ˵
˵ȻвּʶͬϾķŵȻҲ󲿷ֱ˼˵ʥԼЩ
֮ȻһС
ıǼ£ַɡ
Щѡ
ʥһ⣬յһֵˣȻʵѾ㣬ҲûǿջصĵЩ꣬ҪһԪӤĿܡǼ飬ϴﲻɡȱҪ֮ʱݽ豾ʣº󱾻ʽһԪӤ黹㣡һȲ󱾻֮£Ҳ˺ôҲΥʷŵˡ
лʥʣʥǰպҪãһƴǣ
Ҷ̵ͷӦʣŵһ
Ȼ᲻ù黹ʥʡʥһȿھħ˾ͷ˿ôֵȻڽڶɱ򵥡
οöͨıӣĸСһʱ䣬ҶҲû취ȡ͸ܽʥʣöҲһϡ
ߣˣĻδģǵһʲϲǷ飬ʷȡһΪлǱٻһ飬ڱй֮ϣûκ㡣º󣬱ʴ㰲ȫ뿪˵˵Ѿңʿ·ᱦԪӤʿڶ࣬ŪãһС¾͵ö⵺ϡ
ʥʻ˻֣ȥĻҶ¡ϣĿޣȻԸ˵ȥˡ
Ҷֹջûоܾ
ͱʵҪȫ뿪鵺Ѷȷʵ
Ҫ;ԪӤʿǿɲʥ˵ұϣʥʱ֮⣬жԪӤʿʵǿ֮ȻҪһЩʱ䣬԰ȫݡ
лʥǰ
Ҷ漴ˡ
ʥʺڶԪӤǰһ̶Ը
Ҷغͻʸ˳֮ʱȴʥ޵ֹһ䣬治֪Сʲô£ʷʵѾͷԸΪ˵û
Ҷ΢΢һ٣Χʿɫ糣ȻֻԼʥֹɿЦҡͷ첽
Ҷ硢ʸ㣬Сⱦûʲôƣ󲿷ֵطԿ߶
شҶغͻʸ˳
лعղųԣʥǰȡͷ֪ʥǰΪʲôȻڣ鵺һȺʿݣӦòǲִİɣ
Ҷʵ
Ѫɫ֮һϣѰҵճȥȴΪؽʥʹؽʥʹʵ
Ц˵ֻǣеˡħ˺ڶС̾ᣬšֻҵѪɫ֮ļ֣ҵĲƻ
ҹγǰЩյõһϢ˵Ŵݵһ޵һϹűĿسʥʱʥʹ£׷Ѱ˹⵺ڣֵһֱ
ҶˣЩľ
ʥʴ½صɣʱӦò
ǣʥѾһʵǿʿ
ұϣʥ֮⣬ԪӤʿһȺʿ⣬ʥʵʷڶеǱߴļʿ
ʥʹʵ͵ļ졣
ٴԪӤʿϣѾϽ
Ҳ⡣
ʥǧǰħ˵ͷ֮ף𶯶ɽ磬µĵ˶ϣִżڴ˵ʥʧ˳ʱ䣬ִ½ܴԪӤʿĶֻκһɹ費˵ġ
ԸͶʥʵԪӤʿ
Ҷ磬ʸ㣬ʥʹȱ֣Сðһ䣬֪λǷԸʥʹ
գգۣЦ
ѾйʥҲ£
Ҷҡͷ
ͻʸû˼Ծܾˡ
ؼ˾ܾЩźγ˵ҶǶϽĳϣҲǲԸͶɹġСʥʹδСҲûжŵĹˡڵԪʣ࣬кܶҪȥû̫ȥʥɹ顭СΪ£֧ټʥʹ
̾漴չһЦʶҶͻʸ㣬ҲСõԵ֡ԺС󣬻Ҷ硢ʸ㲻Ҫƴǲǣ
ҶصЦҲδ˵
صݣʥʹĹǵˡɢ޳ʿܱȵġ⻰Ӧõ˵ǡ

Ϊйľ޴տԭʱͣһʱ󣬱뿪˰ڰϼŵ棬Ϳţǰʻȥ
нսƣʥҲԸȥӲ顣
ܿ㿪˻ǣĿĵء
ʥʣλԪӤʿڶĽʿ׷ǰļװϡ
ҶءʸҲУЩ档һΣⱦ֮ϣʥʹԪӤʿڳҲõİȫ⡣Ƿ£ȥɫ
Ҷ汦صǣԭŵĻǣѾַӵĳ
Ҷؾȣ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻôԪӤڡʿ
ֻǵ˷ȺӴʿ
ˡħ˵ʿУμԪӤδϳ˺Хķ֮⣬ûκڶӷҪЩɢʿĶ鷢ġ
Ҷ𾪵ǣǵϿգӰ죬ĿںеԪӤڹʿȻһͷ޴˫ͷͷ֮ϣգ䵭ĮŴ˷ʿ
ԪӤڹޡ
ǳͷϣվһŹǽͼߴãԼһ۵Ľʬɢ˵ĹѹȻǺԪӤΪ
ԪӤ޵ĺ棬ͬŽڵáʬޣǶϢɭȻŭĵΧĴȺʿ
ʱĻǣŨҡ
˫ͷպԪӤ޵Χգǹƹꡢ顣ЩóʿʶĻ꣬ʱȻϢڹӿʱܳ
ԪӤڹޣ
μ
Ҷں֪ͷеЩ¡
ͻʸһۣ˶Էеľ塣
һ·ȻûϵĹʿڶ࣬һԪӤڵĹޡֻҪһԪӤʿϣⲻ·һ
ŵģһѰʿȻܴϹűȡñܰȫʥʹıʵ޷š
ڼԪӤʿı֮£ָǳͷĹޣΪľǼϵĹʿôˡڣǡڵΪ޷ԪӤʿǳЩ֪ߵغ
ҶΪʿԪӤʿ֣ȴ֪ԪӤʿ¡
ЩӴĶʿӸִǡ
ϵĹʿھƣ޷һһֵֻܱ˵⵺ϵġǣͼסҪĹųǡ
£ʱȻѾۼ˶ѪʮԪӤ棬ʿԼ޺͸ʿţԪӤʿͷųԵϢѹռѹ֣ڶͽʿеϢ


547 ⣨ϣ
վ˫ͷյͷϣڶ˫Ŀ֮Ļ𣬶·ڶԪӤʿͽʿĬԡʿڣԶԶѹ˹ޣ˼Ӧ棬ûֵ̳Ĵ㡣
ͬΧʿԪӤʿ죬ƺҲ໥̸ţûпں͹޶ԻĴ㡣
˵Ҽˡ֮أȶʿ޹ϸΪδַҼ˵أ˳˵ҼҲ׷
ʬ²ܺ޶ɵͷŹĬԵ˼ʿŭȡ
˵Ѫɫ֮ĵ죬ûˣ
ʿʲôʱҲԳƹ
ҵʿڴˣȹ޲񣬴ʴʣ
в˵ԪӤʿΪɽͳʿԹ֮аʿǼΪУɱ֮졣
ԪӤڵʿ죬ҲԹţδֹ
ڵǹڡ˵صĹ޲٣вģǹ
ʬԪӤʿݣûаãڿڣĮ
ԹԶ֮䣬ɽ֮£ȷȶʿһ壬Ҳһ塣Դ˻鵺Ϊ磬Գһ򣬲硣
ˡħˣֹеֹȴδֹѪɫֹ֮ڴ˵Ϊȶʿ޹ңһԽδѪٷȴ̫ԵĪǣһܲɣ
һʱ䣬ɭȻɬƺƵǡΧÿһʿо·ڶһ㣬ʹ˶ʶȴȻ
ڴ˻鵺ϣǧﷶΧĹԻΪ˵֮١̫Ҳ⣬Ըǣ
ɭ˵꣬צһӡ
ʱǧգӿꡢ޺Х뺿Ϊ֮ɫйķ·Ҫѹ
ŨŨ飬һڳԪӤʿҲҪɫ
ΪһЩĽʿŹǺ֮𶯣𵴣ʱή١
ԲӣˣǶɽһˣԺΪ󣬲޺͹Ϊ֮⡣˴ǰǣȴΪһ׮ɰ
һԲɣ翵Ĵ˵ߵķλ
ǣеʿܸеһɰƥƣƣֱոߴĹ
ʿ׷׾ȥ
ֻ˵ӪУһž޴ĸƣɢӨӨ߲ʱ⣬ӹսƣ
Ÿ֮ϣһ׷ͯգòݵߡߣһưɫۣͷһɫ׹ڣüĿЦֶ
˭ҲΪüĿͶ˿ӣǿѹ쳣ֲ
ȻԪӤʿʮʿȻЩʿķ۶ͬ½ǴһͬĸƱʶ
ӽսƵ˹Ĺ
һͷڶ۳ɵľ޴ɷͷſڣצɷޱȵŸơǹɷΧɫͷɷ߱â̹ʱѩڣ޷
е׸ıʶ

Ȼܼˣ
˵ʿƽʱѼܹϵĿʿȻ࣬ƽʱϣδؾ֪֮߱һı
һʱ䣬ڶѪʿʱ׷׼
׸Ϊ˱ɹȻϹŴɹҲ߰ǧۺۡιĴ£һʱһٶ˱֮λΪĳһɹɹ
ôˣ
ԪӤ˲ʿʣԪ࣬ѾѾ˳񾳽磡˴ǰѪҪΪ׸պЩ׼һ׸˥䣬Ժӣ»Ἣ䲻ù
ѾԪӤڼʱ䣬Ϊʵɲ⣬ܹλ֮һͬ졣ֻҪһղֻ˿ɺ׸λ
λĴڶɽ磬˲֪ʹѪɫ֮Ȼ󲿷ֵʿûˣҲ֪׸Ĵ

ô
Ҷ׸ǵĶᵺϣһ棬жʱһ
ԪӤʿҲǰ׸ĶϵԪӤڳϡ
Ҷɨһۣɰ
۱Ľӡ﹬ˣɱϵά硣õһСͨԽ˿̻ڱϡȻħϾͷΪϺάؾΪɱҶЩ顣
ڴ˵أͷԽպ󶼲ڶѪɫ֮¶ˣ
Ҷ̲ɫ
ϹűڣóСͨԽˡʿˡӶѪϰѰʿɲ֪Խǰ׸֮ҲңԶı׸һϵʿ顣
ҶزӶ˻йܡ
ţ
ʸһ̻֮⣬΢ɼĵ˵ͷԽ֪ġ
ϵƺоڳĴȺԪӤʿУһǿĴڣɵĿ⣬Ƶ磬򱦴
һɿֲ֮ʶͬʱɨ
Ҷضʱ嶼תһ͡
ҶһƬհףʲôҶ룬ĸӦ
彩Ӳͨʿһ޶һ̲ѵģ
Ҷάڻҹ֮£ûų취ʲôʹоͨҲ޷֪Ҷؾǻɱά֮ˡ
Ҷضԣ̶̵һ˲䣬ѡ
ʱһɽ⣬ұУǹɿֲʶҲ֮ʧȥ
Ҷһɺ
ʵֹ̽ģȻֻΪĪʥʡʥ޼ɵʶ̽ı
˱δˡ
ʥһŰոƵ䳰
ϵʶ޷̽鱦ɲĿۡ
Ȼ쳣ӦЩ֡
ʥʳֺ̽ʶ̱衣
΢΢ȡʥ֮£ֻܿϽããһƬʱףϵǿʿΣ̽顣
üͷ΢壬ǴʱԹҲȥ̽
ڰͣ¡
ͷĺɷԽԵ÷
׸ף߾
ָͣһȣ޳İ޷⣬ׯ¡
ʱɷϷƾһŷԲʮɷӿľ޴ơ
ɷڷ񳯸ҧһɴϸĴĿףʣ䣡һйɷ
ͷ͵Ĺɷ޺Хŵ飬һ֮£ʱȫɢ
߽׷
ʱвٽʿޱȣ˳
׵ķԪӤϵʿʿƣÿһλԪӤ棬ó˷
׷ûǵԪʿ֮żв
׸ͣԪӤڲ֪õȴΪó˵һ׷ͨǳ뻯ͽʿ
˾٣ɢĹɷ໹ɽ𻢣ڹޡ
һ־棬ͬʱҲڳ


548 ⣨£
һףĻⶼչеĹǺҲ徻˲١鶼
ԩ޳𣬲˼
֮䣬˹ɷȻһɢȥϵһƬƣȻ󳯹Цס˵꣬᲻֪˵Ϲսһַ
ǣϹħһ⣬б˵Ĵսʡ
Ϊ˵ıȻȨȡϹ֮ȻˣڳħɹҲȨֵһݡҪͽսҵȡӦ֮Ȼ뿪鵺¡
Ц˵꣬վ˫ͷϵĻ
һüմʱֹͣ
˵ⷬ˽ڳĶѪԪӤʵڶࡣ
ǻ̾Ѫɫ֮ǶеҲ޷赲ЩԪӤʿĳ嶯
Ȼ˵ش󲿷ֵԪӤʿ޷⡣ǣڶ࣬ȴԶʤ׸һҡƾһԣеϹű⡣
ңĪĻȻһֱûʲôΪߵţľ
йţΪ±ԼҪ߳һ㣬ѾԪӤھŲ۷壬ϢΪǿᡣ⣬⵺ϻԪӤ͹ʿӵйĵ
ҪǲЩڳˡħ˸ɹƾİ׸ҲԲµġ
ʵϣ˴Ѫɫ־һΪˣȴΪ˰׸档
ֻҪɹܺıȹ³ϵϹű⡣
ȻϹűĿأҪ黹˺ħ˵Ŀء
Щأ֣׸Ϊ֮ˣ϶ܴзֵһݲСջջ񣬶԰׸˵Է
ԣ֮ˣ಻ͣѪɫ֮ѰϹű⣬ȻҲʸֵһݣ
䣬ֻʿȺУһλɫ۵İߡһƣڵϰ֮СȻǰд⣬ҲɼΪʵ
˺ֳһ˷ͷڣһŷʺǱ֮ЩЩײӣȴҲ׸ӡ
ҶҲһ˳ϣĦ档
ĦһһֽŴµ飬ò㾳أҲסҺĦ棬֡ľ֧ΪЩ֮ҵȶɹԣʵЩֵ
һͷʱʿӦ
ūҲӦֵһݡ
ħɹԸΪΨհ
ʿԣ׷
Щɹ׷ɳԵʿʩչֶͨڿն𣬱ϸţΨ˼ɹһݡ
Щʿ˺ħˣһɹħ˵λߵĳϡ
ȻЩʿʵΪԪӤڡڣһλڹǰ˱ڴˣʮԪӤۼȫȻЩʿ
λ˺ħ˵ĵѣ
ȻһʲʹڷҵĺУȻĴÿʿСۼһѪɫ֮ʿ临ӵ֮УѡһԷڵԪӤʿ
仰Ǵ˵
ֻһϮͨɫۣڰĳһ֧ݿȥһ
²ȵķзһ֧Сͨİ׺īʣƽһ˿âҲδʿֱֱɵԶ
ΪߴԪӤ߲㣬ʵԪӤʿ
ʿһվĶһƶɢˣ²ţΪѪɫ֮ʿѡȴҲҪΪѪʿһ˵
ǣԼеϹű⣬ǲϹˡħҲۡϹսѪɫ֮꣬ɽδ˵ȡⱦ⣬ͳ֮Ȼ֮ȻǼзݣҵѪʿҲǺúŪģֶܿ飡
ɢȻȻȴն˵
ɨһ˺ħ˵ʿΪȻϹű⣬ʵƽ֣ҵѪʿȻ綫˺ħӴ󣬵Ҳ֮ǾֹֻסǡعҲģһֿظҵȣΪ꣡
ޣ޳֮ȻǲҶʿ
ٺ٣˵Ѫɫ֮ʿβһȻ
뻢ıƤΪǲӶ𣿡
ɢ˴һˡħʿȻѡ
еڹʿ졣
ɢˣڶɢѪɫ˵ʿѰʿԼٶᱦʿ󶼲ΪȻأЦһһ޿ֵģ
ѪʿȻһɢɳڳļҲѾнʮԪӤ棬Ƕ˺ħ˵ʿ
ǲӱڱС
ͶһѾסǲʧ
˺ħǿҵѪȴ˵һ
ЩѪɫ֮ʿ󲿷ֻƻһֶΡʹѰʿﵱǰԲҪһ޵ʲô
οЩѪʿס֮أ뻻ͻ
Ѫ֮󣬵ȥá
ºһɢħҪǨŭǣֻҲҵˡ
Ϊ׵ͨЩɫһʱҲΪѿ
˵𣡣
ںµĿ飬ĮУȴѹż˵ķŭ
һ֮߱ߣҪֻˡħϹűβڵ⽻档ٷٳ¡Ī˶ڣƱͷϹűӰû˵ľ͵عϷˡЩѪɢޣּۻۡ
Цš
գӿӿ
˵ʱǧﷶΧĺƲ㣬Ѿ


549 
ƣŨīӿڹе
䳰֮䣬ѾӴĹ󣬼ȫ
鵺ϹʬҰʬأԹ޿ν񡣹˵ʬѻɺɽɴĻꡣ
ķѪžӪ˹ģ
һΣѵƴһս鵺֮⣬Ҳȥǡڴ˵Ӫ꣬¹Ի֮ǿԶԿ١һȫ߶顢ɻǣʴ塣ЩԪӤʿҲδؿסȻܻЩͽͽĽʿһ뿪˵أ
ɭЦƴ˻ڲҪԺʵҲҪһԪӤʿĪΪκβ㣡Ԫʣ࣬ȻϧϺڽ𵤵ӣʮҪ㻤ǵȫ
УȷһϹű⡣ⱦԱ˵ôøҲ޷Ƿҹ̫裡뵱űᱦ⣬ǾҪǹʵ
˵꣬ɿݹһָĹǡ
һ䣬еԪӤޡ𵤹ޣ޲ܣеĻХͬ
ԪӤʿ˶ڣԶڹޣչ飬ȴ֣ڶʵԲһЩĽʿɫ԰ף֮Уվվȡ
ⷬȻвԭɫɫҲʼ࣬ĬĬ
ȻǿӲ˫ʵ֮£Ȼû˿ȴ֮⣬ӲѪʿķ֮⡣
ʿ޵ΪѣҪļܺʿȡһгɣͬ׵Ĺսͬʿܸ߳ԪӤڹ޵ս¡
ΪﵽԪӤŲ۷壬ʵԺˡħ˵ͷȣⷬǿӲơҪǿг֣˿ɵС
зɿѰ˼ŶԲߡ
Լһְ׸׷ȻǿҵĿƹޣǹϳԹΪҪԸֻ¼ѡһǧԻȫۼڴ˵ʿֻҪء
Ҫ취ȹòǣ
˴ǰѪΪð׸õһЩôû̫˵ԪӤʿǰˣҲ
ͷ۵ǣЩѪԪӤʿ٣ҲҪϹſءǲӦǾȻҪȥɶ񣡡

˿̵ΣǺʹġ
׸ɹȻڶеĵλɼ硣ǣԪսľѾʼ˥䣬һһѹ
ڵıѾշ޵ĴһȺ׷档
ϵȨޣƹżӴȨơǣʣʮԪһαһ׸һȨƶɢ
һɹʵڵϵӡʿɹǿʱͶһϵʽ΢ɹҡɢȥɹ˥޿ɱ⡣
׸вǰ;ʿǻ˵
ƫƫ׸ˣǧȻûһ׿ԽԪӤʿֻƽӹԪӤʿ⻹ǿŰ׸ɹ鵤Դϵӽ˶˽ǿгԪӤġڶĵϵӣͣڽڡʣõĵϵʿά磬Ҳһ֮С
Щԭڰ׸ɹԪӤʿѾ򰵣׷Ͷǰ;ɹƩ˵ϽɹɹɹūɹȵȡЩ˱ɹǧһʼߵԪӤʿʵ
ԴҲǿãһֻ۱һֻۣЩԪӤʿ뿪һƻЩԪӤ뿪
׸ĵϵ˥ԪӤʿɹڣҲ޷ġһԪӤʿΪ˰׸ĺԸġ
ڴ⣬ȴǾ׸ϵϵ
֮ǰǿнϣĵϵʿԪӤΪǿԪӤڡֻмƽӹԪӤʿҲǿס׸ĵλܵ衣
˱Ĵλ׸ǲȥˡֻð׸άȥҲ㲻׷һġ
ԪӤⶫȫмУгǼġ
еֻǿܹŪԪӤǾ˺ħˡ
Ϊеʦ˺ħ˸գרŸԪӤеԪӤ˵УȻʹ͸ɹ
ʦҪô˳ˣҪôɱҪô⡣
ʦϡݣһ޴գֻħλͷ֪ʦϡݡ
˺ħˣܹʮάӴ׳һСԭҲΪԪӤ
ΪȻܵõٵԪӤ
ǰ׸ĵϵʿ̫ܡ󲿷ֵԪӤ˷ѣɹͻ޼
ڵ֪˵һϹűΪ˱̶϶ϹԪӤҴ׸еϵԪӤϣ˵أΪ˾һпܣһЩԪӤð׸ܶһԪӤʿ
˱ݣҲᳵӣٴ˵ء
˿̵ǡ
˿ֲĹ֮⣬ͬ˵ڤ˲ɱԪӤʿӼѪԪӤʿĿЩȻΪɻ䡣
Ҫǹ񣬷󣬲ϧڤֻԪӤδ֣ȴ׸ԪӤʿ˽ȥǿɾ͵ʴס
ʹ˹׸ֻҲиΣա
գð
һҪӲƴĻҲǡǡߡ

ĻĬ
ԪӤʿأȻһʱס
һȺʮԪӤʿǿɱڹޣ´˵ȫġ
ǣ񱨸֮£޴ҲġȻһЩԪӤʿԲںµӵ˭ܱ֤ԼһȻ
ʯٵľٶֻо֮ͽŻȥǻдõԵԼЦ
ʿϹűڵĿѰãڳʿֱӷ˱ǣҲع黹˺ħ˵Ŀˡһ뿪ǣϹűóº⵺ǹ㡣
һۻµɳͻȻӱֱɢչƵѹ֣òʿ䶼΢΢ĴʹС

ȷҲЭȻֱӺͻ
˵Ȼƺһбˡ
ڳеԪӤʿԪӤޣڽʿȻɵ
ɴ󱦴һɽ⣬еĿʶ̽ʿҲΪ⣬ֻΪĳλԪӤʿĳɹĴԸⱻʿ̽ѡ
ڿȫôһ¡
ߣҲûС


550 ʰʥ塱ͨ
ʱϵɽɢȥ
ֻһĸߴʿüĿӴɫۣӱշɳƵĵͳǴӿз
ʿͨ屬ɣһĹΣƺɫսףɭ谵Ļ£쳣עĿڳʿĿ⡣
ʥ˵ͬʱѾӱϴÿһڿһӲӵӰֱ֮󣬹ӰɢÿһƻȻȴ˲ϢƳ֮⡣
֮䣬ʥʱߵոߴȻվ˫ͷͷĹгԦһƬƵ
ǡʰʥ塯
ɫ΢΢һ䣬뵽ʲô˵ݱ֪ǧ֮ǰħ˾ͷʥʹһŹھɽĴͨŴͨ޼᲻ݣǿᵽ˼㡭ˣǰЩ껹дţʥŵϢ£ĪǾʥǰ
ȻͫײԾ΢ȴ¶е𾪡
Ϊ˱ȻֻһѰ˼²ǰԪӤʿʩչͨ
оǣǰʿȻΪһԪӤڣȴһʶ޷׽δԪӤʿϼģ
ʥʡǰ
ӣ㵣͸¶š
ʥʵ
ʱǶһͽʿʱ򣬲δΪޣ˵λ˵еħ˾ͷȻˣǸʱʥѾڶֻڡʥʵļͷû꣬˾޴Ĵۣųײʥʹ
ǲʥʣԪӤʿˡʰʥ塱ŴͨʵѾҴ֣
Ǳʣ
ʥ鵭ȻѾϰʿľηͨĽ⣬εƣڳԪӤʿеһǿҵѹȸУ̲ס˱ơ
ԪӤ۷ΪϢѹ˿˼ٵġ
ʥǰ
ɫ£ջǷ˱棬ݣʥʾһⲻݺʦһʿľǳڶ԰׸濼ǣܽύĴɹܵ
񣡡
ʥʵȻͷһ

ڳԪӤʿԼĽʿʥʵ׿ȷϣһºȻȫˡ
˵ʥʵȥ½Խʥɽ硣ˡħ˵Ľŭ;ͷ֣
˵ʥԪӤ۷壬ڡڶɽ̫࣬Ż½ȥɽ١ЩС˵õϢʥʶɽ֮ʱ͵Ϯ
ʥʹǧǰͱħ˾ͷô˵ʥʹʥҲѾʥôֳڴ˵أ
ʥʣǧǰԪӤʿôڻܻţڣһǧ߰˰˰ɡѵڣԣԪӤŲΪ
ǳʥ֮⣬ɽڻûеڶɡʰʥ塯ͨʥ֮ԱΪʥʣΪ⡮ʰʥ塯ͨͨʥʧʧˣҲδֹʿʥʹҲδڹҵŴͨ
ʥǰǧǰѾħͷ֮ףʵھɽ硣찡ҾȻִܼ˵еѪɫ֮У
ʥʳڴ˵أҲζʥʹ³ڶд˵ʿڣɽ硢Ѫɫ֮ҪƱɫ˰
ŹʥʵĽʿйĤݵĳ嶯ʥʺʥʹȻǧȥˣȻΪЩϹŴʿȣʥĴ˵дʿ
ʥʵĳ֣ԪӤʿ𾪡ʱҲû𾪡
ЩԪӤʿʥʣһʱʿʥʦһǸʱһʱʿ
ʹϣ˽ǧʿ̤֮·֮ǰʥҲڶɽ˲֮ԱԽֻǳݡķݡ
ȻҲʵʵʥһǰ
˿̣Ȼʥֳǰβе𾪣
ȷʥ֮󣬴ʱʿĿ⣬Ѹת򱦴֮ϡȻǰλʥʣôʥһͬɹʶʿӦñʥʹʿˡ
ʱĴͷװϣԼʥʹԪӤϣʮʿ̹߰ȻվڼװϣݣȻΪԺ
ʿгΪʥʸ
ʥʹһʿͬĬվһԵҶأĻʸҲʿע⵽ϵıʶԺʥʹͬȴɹʿ
ףⲻϽҶСôôʥʹʿһ𣿡
һŮԵüΪȣʿȺи̶
˵ӪУһȺ˵ĽʿϿ˵ıһɫŮӣȻֻнڵΪˣסΧɹʿĿ⡣
ӣϵôˣ˭
ϱʿ׷ʡūٹӣڽʿУҲǷĽ׷棬ݵʯȹµʿʤ
ѣ
ҡҡͷ

ҶСϣȻ
ʿȺһʿһòŵӣüͷ
Ҷϣֶ˵ãڳΪϽɹϣڱѾСʥʹŸѪֲãҶϾȻѾʥʹʿύٶ֮죬ҵϵܣ㲻òԩѽ
ҡһȣбۿһӢʿǷζ
ߣʸʥʹҵҪܵã
ǶʿߵɫΪѿҶأ۾еļޣҪǱˣǸҶйԹĶĦѪ
֣ҲʲôҶСϣһʿѣҲ֪ʲô˲ŻһϽɹϵλ
ͶսύãɹĽӵܣδҶ֮ĶԹ뵱ȻļЦڮٵ
ЩʿǸɹѪ˳Ṧ͵ɹ߲ӵܡƽʱгһ裬ͨʿ

û˼ȥʥ֮Ŀףٳδʼ̸УΪ͡
˹Ӵ붫ɽԵ˺ħˣѾûκ壬Ҫȥֺáη
ûаλ˱һ£Ȼʥʵĳ֣ҲζηʥʡҪ֪ͬԪӤŲ۷壬Ϊʥʲ
Ӫĸڣɻ֮ءҲȺԪӤʿӲսԪϵĴֻϣ̸УԪӤʿ˳
Ŀɨ·ʥʹҶغͻʸ˵Ӱʱһ㶣һɿϲ
˱ӵѰʿڴ˵أ
ţȥѰǼȡ߱ӵĽѰʿû뵽ȻڱϷֻ֡ҪرӣƳһڤʵһءΪˣ޴Ҳֵá
Ի󣡡
ϣףͻȻľ޴һӣϵĴ
աʬý̶֣
һ˲䣬ڻǵգѹѹǧĹƲ㣬Хȫѹȥڴ˵еԪӤʿнʿ˽ȥ
աʬýԪӤ޶ԹĹǵ£ƲУǱŵ飬нڹޣֱײ׷򶫺Ѫʿ
ǣӿīֲָҳһƬ
ڹ֮ڣԪӤʿʶҲ̽ʮ֮⣬޷໥֧ԮгɱΧ飬гûٹĹޣȫԱ
ң
Ȼʹ޺ҶʿԿϷҪɱ㣡
ɱɱ˵ޣ
ڳԪӤʿ뵽˺ȻһԪӤڹ֮ȻսʮԪӤʿ⧲֮£޺ɢΧĻ֮С
յʥʣҲûԤϵΪλͻȻ˷Ĺֱȡ
٣ƵȺʿĶ֡ڹڣʿ໥֧ԮʱڹȴܺͶʿһս
Ȼ֪һ㣬ҪõϹޡȥסЩʿΪرȡʱ䡣
Į˼㣬˫ͷͷһԾ£ΪһȺâٵ·ı

죬֣
γڹһ˲֪һХ׼Ľʿͬʱ֡𣬽âţһԲεĹ֡
γϲ֪ĿǱΣգ֣ӭ֮ߡ
䣡
Ǻ֮䣬ڱϣǿĻֵ档⻤֣Ϊ˵ԪӤʿõ󷨣ǿ
ɶơ
Ŀ׺ݵĺâӳ޴ֹצðŨҵʬȻ򻤴֡
飡


551 ڤ
־ұ޴Ĺצһһ£âצǽţϵ˸ʯȥѸٻָ˹âδצһơ
γϵʥʹԪӤʿŭ麧Ȼ
ôͻȻϮǵı
ʥʹΪвɣ
֪ʲô죬С㣬쳷ˣȥĺ󷽣
һҪŵʥʻʥһأذɣ
ǲ͹ӲԲٿСͨɫ׵أ򱦴ĺ󷽡
ڤһٻɱѪԪӤʿѪԪӤʿĿսʱڶĽʿѾڳʿ֪顣
ʥʹԪӤǣΪܱѪԪӤʿǿ١ȲǲǹĶ֣Ҫس⣬ǱҪ⵽ʥʵط
ڱϵڶŮʿ羪Ļ⣬ûԪӤʿıֻԼԼ֮УƴӴܡΪ˻ֻûʿȥ汳ˡ
⻤ôôӲ
ûһƿ˺ѱĻ֣ɽŭ
Ҫùצǿƿǿ֣²±
һʥʳرסжԪӤʿһΧֻҲٴҶرӡ
뵢ʱ䣬ֱӴȡһڤףȻ򻤴֡
ƣ
״ڤףĿֲֻᡰۡһڤմ˺Ļ֡
ڤףֱ򱦴ڵҶء

ҶĿŹ䱦ϣצ⻤֣𾪡ͻʸһ𣬻ڱڽʿȺУƴӣγһֻϣ֧ŵʥʻ
̫ˣ
ȻϧڶѪԪӤʿϧʥʣϮ
ҶزҾԿ϶Ϊʲô˷Ĺ
Լ³кܴܣΪڵöӡ
֮ǰϹűеʱ˺ʿɱǷʿһǿϢϢһģһȻΪ˱ӲŽ뱦⡣ôӦ֪ͬöӵĴڣѰöӵ䡣
Ҷʥʷػ£Ҳǲ֮١
ʥʶԴ˺֪飬˱ʶ̽Ľ⣬뿪ȥ̸ϹűϷ֮¡
ŷڱϣץסᣬǿз˹Ի󣬳ɱ˹
ʥʹԪӤǲӭսʱȫʥʹλߣʵƫƫأ򱦴󷽡
ҶΣҲֻܸӡ
Ҷۡһ죬ͷһ˹һ״Ȼڤף˱֡
ڤף뱦ڣ΢΢һ٣ֱҶء
Ҷļʿһ±Ƕڤ׼ӹֻ΢ճһڤǻ𣬱㡰ءȼգۼ䣬˻ΪǷɻҡ
ӣ
˵ĳñϵʿ־嵽˼Ҫµĳ̶ȡ
ڤף
Ҷضʱð͸彩䡣
ûκοԵֵµڤףԪУСͨ׹žҲУЩʥʹԪӤʿҲη̶ȡ

Ҷصʯһ˲䣬ܵ뵽ֶΡ
Сͨ׹žöصıӣԱס˾ǿұٷԵ벻κֶΣȥֲڤס
ֵܵڤһСᣬһ
ʿԥˡ
Ҷһҧһ䴢
쬣
һΧƵľȻ֡
ҶʶĲٿ֮£к㣬ڤ׳ȥ
أ
ԽԪӤʿճɻҽڤףϣδСͨһȼգɥʧ
һ⣬ֹڤ׵ȼա
ڤδǹǿҵıս
īڤΧֳϸ΢ıǣѸٵͼڤױסһ͸ıһĺڵڤסöڤײıסȼѸڻǲ
Ǳӡܱڤף
òٿҶأĿɿڴЩ޷šһĶѾɤ۱ߣӱǶ伤ڤף΢˿Կϲ
ţٿһſڣΣյ˼ڤףȫȥĸǿޱȣѹǶڤٺòˡ
ǷԤĺҶشʱĹܵô࣬Ҫ
Ҷջͻʸһ𣬺ԥļ󷽣λʥʹԪӤķȥ
ʱϴңԪӤǻѾӵȥˣڽʿ֣ûȥעҶڤ׵顣

Ǳģϣ˵Ŀ⡣
ʲô
ڤ״⻤ֻ֣˼ʿ漴Ҷ׳ȥȲ˵ڤûջǱǿҵıסѾ𾪡׵ǣǶڤ׾Ȼһ¶ˡ

Ǳӣһĸڣ޿ܽڤ⣡Ȼñ֮Ը
״֮£ŭ˼㣬Ҫ
һԪӤ۷ĹʿڤףȻҪɱһʿɱڤ׶ˣֱܴ衣
ʢŭ֮£Ҫڤճȱڴ뱦ڣ׷ɱҶйѩܡ
߾
ǹ뱦ڣһŭ˼ŭԲڵĹƲ㣬ȫ˿
һŭֱ·ڽʿѾ壬ԪӤʿ𶯡
Ȼӱʣ
ǣеʥһŭȣȫתʰʥ塱ͨͨɣ罣Ƶ˲ƿ
ֻ֮мҽУĻ걻⴩͸ʱҷ
ԭعֻǣѪʿʿйʿޱȵɱսһȫ¶˳
ʥðŭĿ⣬ס·Ĺ
е˫ͷ貶ĿĽ֮£ȻӲޱȵڹϣ˵ݿӡ˫ͷͬʱХХʥʣһԹǳޱȵɨͼֹʥʳֹ

ʥʿҲȻӳɫȭΪһĽɫȭʡ
飡
˫ͷһԾ͹δļʥʣǽɫȭСһɾ͵Ĺ򼸺ҵĿѣҽУʮ֮⡣
˫ͷаҵ˼㣬ԪӤǣǿܺСͨ
ԥԶĹ֮С
˫ͷԭΪһʱ䣬ڿֵǿҲֻԼܹԸˡԸΥҲԸȥʵֲƥʥʡ
ʵһƣҪʱȫ㣡
ʥһȭ˫ͷպɣʶסɱ֡
˵꣬ζȻԭʧɫһɫľâ汦Ĺ


552 
Ҫ˺ֳ뱦ڣ׷ɱҶءһϵŭһɰԵƥ˼µǿԪӤʿϢռٱƽ
ɺɨһеϢԪӤ۷ʿſӵС
ʥʣ˭
Ȼͷ˫ͷձʥһȭɳʮһĻһĻɺͫһҲɰ˫ͷոʰ
ɴΪգ֪Ѿ׷ɱҶصʥʵȻ˵һǿǣӭսСɱҶأرӣûʱ䡣
¸¡ȻˣǱսգñһʥǰĴͨڶɽ磬ɲǲ˭ʵᣬǧǰ𶫺ʥһս
Ŀ¶׹⣬Ҳ
ϻ۵ŭ𣬴ʱȫӿͷʿ͹꽨Ļֱ̫Ϊǹʿӣ
һɭȻս⣬
±Ϊһ⣬գӭսʥĽɫӰ
׹ǽ
Ǻͷ
һȣ˫һСͨͬʱǻȡһڤףΪ״ڤףʮצ
СͨЮŴӿĹ籡˲ǳɰɵĹǽͷ
Ǳ׹ǽ޴ɭ׽ϣܲĿÿһԩ޵ŤɲЩǴЩӿ
ڹȫ߶֮£ǽ𣬼̳ХʱԶʱʱʱСġءޣǡ
׹ǽСͨһʮ﷽Բ󣬶ʱɭ⡣
ʹһЩ𵤺ڵʿֲĹѾɫ־壬ľսµ͹޶ԽСڣڶԪӤʿڳ֧ų棬ڽʿ
һСͨǺͷһǵͷƶɡֻɾ޴ãɭ׵ĹŹĺڷģֻ׵ۿУԾŲɫ棬֮
أ
Ǻͷڹ߶£ʱ˹ֻϵķģ˸̵ĹâӳʮԶǺźž޴˾޿ڣʥ˺ҧȥ
Сͨһ׹ΪǺһϣ
ңϣһصڤס
ÿһڤףԽһԪӤʿΪҽ
ʥΣձһս
Ŀ׺ݣޱ飬һ֣Ĺ
һȻĴ½ʮƷڤףȷпıǮڶɽаԾһʸˣȻ˵ħ˵ľͷҲδԸ㣡ϧڱǰ㻹ûпʱڤףûбƱʵġʰʥ塯ͨ
ʥĿһһ۱ϳڤ׵
Ȼ޾壬˿ûбõ˼
Сͨڵģ˿־ĺڤףգۼɱʥʵǰ
ټƾ޴ĽӰǺͷȻҧ
ĺã
ʥʳȣɽٶȱǣ˫ֻӳɴĽɫâɵľƣžһ죬ڵСͨʥȫתĻʰʥͨɵһ˫֣ץס
׹ǽӿĹ̵Ĺƻ˱УǺͷĹǺȻֹ
·ĹɫɺȻ䣬ʥʾȻҿȥץ
黹ûСͨϵڤףմȾʥʵϡЩڤףȼʥʽӲӵĻףѵһһȥ
˻ȷʵմʵĻʰʥ壡
ʥâһΪ⾪Цͬʱֺֻݺ໥һֻꡱ죬Ӳ֮Сͨʱѷ졣
㣡
ʥʽűһӣСͨźХľ磬ݺһع
һ˫ɫƺХӳֱӽȼյļڤķɡ
׹ڤףս·ʿһƬ
Ҳ귨
ʥʴʹ죬Цſ³ĸ·ܲĽƷĸɾͽɫһָɫΪĵ⣬ݺݳ·ӭ緭Ĺȥ
ӲͷƤӭսʱȴп˵ӵɱǿģʮڤסڤףͨԪӤʿֱɱᣬüͷҲһ¡
ǣڤ׶ʥЧڤ׶ʥʣһսδ򣿣
ȫѹŴ
ȫǱѹŴ
ĸɫȻؽƶɣ֮£ǺСͨɹƬ
ʱӿһּȻĸоڸһԪӤ۷ʿڸһսʤĸ߼ʿһܵĸо

Χڶʿͱʥʺ͹Ĵս׾ˣ塣
ʥʵȻǿԵ
ʥǡʰʥ塯ͨŽϵ֮ͨԶԶͨԪӤʿļӲƤһ֣޼᲻ݣһȭ֮£Сͨ
ɽдţʥʵĵֻܷӡסȴδɱڿˡ
ֻǽʿĿɿڴڳʮԪӤʿҲһš
ԼԪӤʿȻ֪ԪӤʿʵжǿ
ʥʺ͹ĴսȴֻԹ۵ķݣֽȥҡ
Ψһһ򶨵ģ
ɫÿǶ΢΢ĳ鴤
ԪӤʿĻֲ̿൱򶨵ġϾʵҪڳԪӤʿߴһءȻ֪ȲʥʣǸȵģ̫塣
΢Իǵ۾գƺЩ
ЩףΪε˵ħĴͷʥһֱмԹȴû˸ҹʥԡǼ۰Զͷǣǵõȵʥǰ½ɻʱ򣬲ŸͻȻ֡
ǼһջȻ΢΢̾һ
Ҳûᣬȥֽ޿ƥеľ硣

䣡
䣡
䣡
գɫȭ񣬺ڹϡ
𡢺ɫâײһ⻪䣬ըƺˡһϢϯǣѹڽʿ
ߣ
Сͨǽһ±ѣʱһȭҽУӲһȭķ񹥻ȴƣԶɶݶȥ
һգۼ䣬ʩչΪһɵĺ⣬ʮ֮⣬Զĵط
գƣա
ƬǧﷶΧĹƣʼǣʬýڶĽڹޣһӣŨŨĹ֮Уꡢ飬鵺Զ
鵺Բ󣬵Ҳȱطʱܡ
ȥ
ˣʥʵֻ֧һСƬ̣㱻óǵĿȨ
һսνʧءƱģСͨʧһıδܶ״ڤ׶ʮ֮ࡣ
ٺʥʶȥ
Ӳƴȥϣܶȹ١
ͬڶѪʿҲʧС֮ǰĻս֮УʮʿԪӤʿ
ӵĵͦ죡
ʥĸɣ˫ȭգһδ׷ɱһӵĻҪ׷ɱ治̫ס׷ѪҲδɱˣ̫ʱˡⲻ˵صĿġ
Ŀϣͷ˵һԪӤʿɨһֿۣһۻŵڵŴ
ڣǸ÷ϹűĿˣк


553 뿪鵺
ʥΪħǧǰͷ֮ףҵڶʿǰңʥԳռݴ˳ǵĹ͹ʿ˵Ϲűķ䣬Ӧʥǰ֣ڲ
Σһ֮󣬱һƵ̬ǫãЦЩǿ
кʥѯʣҲʾһ¶˱ذˣɲҪ
ɽУǿΪսƷķ䣬ǿַ֮䡣˭ܿʵǿʥѾ˾棬˭Ҳȥʥơ
֮ǰԭ˱ݣⱦķȨǣʥһ°˷ȨЩҲסЦЩǿип˵
ϣǶʥʱżĹȥð
ǲǿӲûҪ
ʥ˵ҪֵϹűڵпأİŶ԰׸Ҳͬ׸˺ôҲ°ѱ֮ȻĬЭ
ڱֺʵʥǰʧȥӣҲǹֵ顣ħͷ֮УʵȻƢº͵һλ
ʥʼʶ࣬ûкᱦķȨ⡣
ԪӤʿȥ˵λ˵һսж٣ȻʸֵһֿزƻصĻ֣ԸĿǰʵ֡ʵģҲԹñˡλѣ
ѯʣȴŲɵϡ
ʥ̡
ʥʹǲܶϹű⣬С
˴鵺ΪжΪ˵õĲƻ£ʿģؽʥʹ
һٻʵչ¶ţĿѾﵽˡħ˵Ϲű⣬֮Щ£Ѫɫ֮ʿٺò
ʩҲɶʥʹؽ
ʥⷬѯʣûԣԪӤʿָ˵ʲôڽʿĶûС
˻һѪɫ֮λԪӤʿ
ѪԪӤʿΪϲ
˲ɳʥʹĻصҵѪɫ֮ʿʥǰţЩѪʿԭΪ䲻ŷȻʥ䣬Ȼٺò
ЩѪʿ˵СȶʿʵҲѷɫֻҪ֣޻˵
ǰֻ˺ħʿ棬ҵѪʿѪɫ֮ʿųڷ֮⣬ǾԲУҵԸ֧ʥʣ
ʥߵģҵûѶͷֵһݿأȻ㣡
ʥԸɣǵвԪӤɢޣ޹̶ȥԸ׷ʥң
һЩѪɢޣ˰ʥʹ˼ϾʥʵԪӤ۷ʿڶɽ֮١Ժħ˵ͷȣй֮޲
ɹԸʥǰţ
ʥ㰲ţòˡҵħɹһʥǰš
˺ħ˸ɹԪӤ棬ȻҪóһֱѪʿǰʥʵķ䣬ʵҲ̫Կ΢ԥ̸֮󣬷׷ͬ
Ȼλ飬ôǰȡϹűأȻɣ
ʥʶɨڳʿжԸʵ˵ף˵һ䣬ȻԸʥʹγϣһ£ԼһħʿһѪʿһԪӤʿ뱦⣬ء
ٰʵз䡣
ʥʱˣһ⣬˱йϡ

ӭʥʣ
ڣ
غԪӤʿʿʥػر֮ϣ׷ǰӭӣ鼤ޱȡ
ҶغͻʸҲڱȺ֮Уȴ쳣ĵ͵
ҶСѣϽϣҲҪһϹűеĿأҪĻγϰһ£һݡ
ʥɨˣĿ⣬Ҷϡ
Ҷزɳһ֪ʥʾǺ£ǶҪ̽
ҶʥʾԲ֪ĵϸЩɶѡ
ҶӲͷƤǰ¶һЦֵʥǰ˵ЦˡȻϽϣֻǽʿѣֻһڴˡǱڵĶƻôɹԪӤ棬¶ֵ֣õķݡͨĲƻҲϣòöһ
ʥǰǷ޶̽ѾһЩʱառѪ鱨ʹȥϽȻϵΣѾʿҲʥִ֣ϹűĲƻǷ޶˲߶ʥʹʥǰǣܿ뿪
ʸҲʩ񣬵Ȼ
ҪҲգǼȻ£뿪ɣ
ʥԣ΢΢üδ˵ʲô
еȷЩʡҶ˵ʲô⣿ΪǿϮйأ
ǣҶغ͹ʲôҲ֪ô˷
Ͼ˭ҲΪԪӤ۷ĹһʿʲôϵӲ֮ʿϵһԵùڻǣǿ
ʥҲֶ֮ˣδҶض뿪
лʥǰ
Ҷغͻʸٴһʥʸ˺󣬱Ԧ뿪
ô뿪˵عŴݵ㣿˵ؾŴݵ㣬ʮ·̡ЩӣѪЩҡһ;ԪӤʿԪӤ޵Ľɱֻһ١
ʸЩǣ
޷ȥˣɴһá
Ҷһ˵
ǰҶغ˵ȷֿԷͷ룬Ϊ֪˶ԪӤʿӿ鵺ڣһ·ԪӤʿ̫ˣܲȫ
ˣ˵֮һôң
ʸ졣
ҶȴǵһЦֱԶѪɫ֮ʿۼӪ
ʸɻ󣬸ŷ˹ȥ

Ѫʿ临ӡǲԱţʿ֪ȻˣѪʿ˵ðգҲȥʿ
ֻҪǶ˲ɵ㲻벻ڶѪʿУǱԼȫİ취ǿ϶ЩѪʿУװͨѰʿ
ҶشŻʸڽʿȺѰܿҵҵĿ꣬һЦ
˹ȻУʿһ
Ҷѣǣ
˼Ҷֱһ㶡
֣֡һط˵
Ҷʾ⣬ˡʿһƫƧ˵ķ档УԪӤʿҶز֣ⱻԪӤʿŷ
ôλֻѪʿУװͨѰʿѵٷһݱﲻɣǻҪʲôüСͨöԪӤΣ
Ҷؿ˶ˣͻȻЦ
Ҷ˵£˶ʱЩ߳ŭ
Ҷϵܣ㻹˼˵ԼôĺôܸʥʹʿύȻںˡǶ˲ջҲûôǿĺ̨һݺôʲôףңǶ˻ʿ֮УҲȫⱻʿɱ
Щŭ
ڿԪӤЩСͨԪӤ϶ԪӤʿϷһգ䵽ʿĽ𵤼Ǽ˵ҪҲûô
ʿȴ¶˼˵ͷҶϵܣк뷨
ˣÿ϶һöԪӤмСͨջѾ㹻ˡڴ˵أֻӱ¶ķնѣһ¶ڶʿ񣬿㲻¶Ҳܻ鷳òʧ֮뾡뿪һϷٶȼ죬ش󲿷ֵϢױлɴʣһвԣټԪӤʿҲԷ֡ǳŹսܣ̲ԪӤʿйϷֱʱ뿪˵أϲߡ׷ϳֻҪԶԶ˵㰲ȫˡ
Ҷطɿ˵
ôҲã
Ǳ뿪˵أ
˺ʿԣһۣЩ⶯
ǴջȻҶأһöԪӤһСͨѾǲƵջ񡣱𿴺ôʿɱ޶ᱦ⣬ǾܵõĺôĺôᱻԪӤʿչһգֻһЩصĲƻʿ
Ҳ˵·ϣִѪʿûУδ̫ϣ
ʥʡ˶ˡħˡѪԪӤʿڣԪӤѾû̫ϵûҪ·ա
Ҷһ뿪˺ʿԥһڴӦ
֮ҶؼԦϣͱˡʿϢ뿪ӻҵѪʿ飬ԶѪ֮УɴʻסȻвȫϢϢѾ΢δʿע⡣
뿪鵺ʧʡ
СӣӻǷȻǴϹűڵЩôż뿪ÿһöԪӤСͨǼɴʣؾȡϹű֮еСͨˣ
ʥʸ֣Įվڱйװ塣
ʶ̽鷶ΧԶѾﵽ񾳽磬Ǽʿֶο赲ղҶ˵ԻĲһֲ©˽ȥҶ֪ʥʵʶǿ󣬿Ҫһ亹
ʥֻöԪӤСͨȴȥᡣ
ʥ̽鵽һ䲻۵뿪鵺ԶԶɶݶȥ֮󣬱ջʶŵķ


554 ʥʵԼ
ˡħˡѪʿʥʹһԪӤʿϹű֮СʥҲĽһ뱦ڣأıﶼȡܣܶ˵ʥʵĶĿ
һԪӤʿڹŴ棬һߵ̸һĵĵš
ʥʡԪӤʿǲ׽ȥģɱƻŴбڵصױڵΣա໥֮ҲΣðա
ʥʣи֮롣ڵİ׸вٵϵӵܣȱӤڽӤΡ֪ʥܷ񷽱һ
ʥЦ
ҪԪӤ
ʥԲ졣
뵽֮ǰô˵ѷȨóˣ¶ΪԭˡʥʹؽҪ£һԪӤʿҪԪӤ
һЩԪӤ棬Ҳ޷
ҲãЭһָ׸ıԪӤ
ʥʿһ£΢΢˵ͷ
ڴ׸ӵܶлʥˣ
ԸмЦܶЩԪӤҲˡ
˸ɹԪӤʿħ˸ɹʿѪԪӤʿĸ۾ȿæ׷׾۵ʥԣάֺã˵ϣõƷ
λ֮䲻٣
ʥЦЦ
õصķȨΪ飬Ȼܾʿ

һߣʥѾʶٿŽŴС
ɹѡʿҲ롣
һϹűУĿɨ⡣
ҵıУĴɢʬ飬ŻҵʿϢϢϢ
֮ǰѾѰʿ⣬˲٣
ͳ
ߣһͨһȥпؼڡ
˵꣬һ⣬ͨ
뱦ԪӤʿ֪Ǵʥʽġ
ǲҵ׷׸ϣͨӦľķ顣⼸ԪӤʿ˵Щûʲôв
һǱ˲дʯ͵伮ȵС
ף
ɨвٿճʯ̨
ڵĽ󷨣Ѿֹ
ʯ̨ϵĹֻвδȫʧ
ճЩʯӦǱͬһȡߡֻʱ䲻ûмȡȥ
Щʯͽڵĵ伮֮࣬ʥʲϣҲûм롣
Щ󣬽Žڿ֮С
ǰʯƸĴʹʥʵ۹ʶҲϹű⣬ʥģҲֻЩϹ伮ˣҲһʱýС
ڿȡ˼֪ʲôƷ
ճʯҡҡͷ
ɨһȦһ˽ǹӴ̣â׾ٵ˺ʯֲ̨
ȻȡʮйصͼֽٴλΪһ⣬ǰͨ⡣

ͨУҲвǰɱĽʿڿ⣬вͬضбļ
ȥģȴϹű⡣
̨ʱʥȴ̲סЩȡڻѰʿʬ壬ᱦһߣȻм΢ĹϵĹϢ
Ϲű࣬ӦǿһϵάֵġǴͨķ
˭ȡˣ
ϵѰʿ٣ɡ
ϮΪʲôɵģҶСӣ;ϴҪ뿪鵺
˵ǹӱʣȥСڴϣŲϧ֣
СӣùԿЩ£
˫ͫѪɫâ˼ȴ֪ʲô

ϹűڵĿ㣬ұȡ˳ʥʵ£ˡħˡѪȸԪӤʿϷһա鵺ϹűڵĿرϷһա
˵ȸԪӤʿŴ½뿪鵺
ʥʹıȴ棬ڰķţƺ뿪鵺
ʥʣʥʹе˴ĲƻѾ϶еһɹص֮һˡ뿪˻鵺֮󣬽ǰȥĴϹַµѾҵ˺üϹַʥʶᣡ
γվڴͷʥʣѯʵ
ʻһ£δꡣڱϺš
ʥʵ
ǣʥʣ
γϵλʥʹԪӤʿһۣȻɻ󣬵ǲҶʡ
ʥ뿪գڿͣһ·򣬱㳯Ż鵺ϹŨҵĵطȥ
СƬ֮ɳǧ֮⡣
쬣
ʥʵζȻͣ£գǰһƬŹƵɽ塣
⼸ɽ壬Ũĺ䣬ȫ
ǿϢ䣬ûܵ˼
Ϲű֮ˣʲñ뿪鵺֮ǰһ̡ɣ
ʥʱɽֹסһǿɢţ˵
ĹɽƬ̣ͻȻӿмһɵĺâ˲ʥǰֹס¶һԪӤڹ޵Ρ
ǹѹŭ⣬Ŀʥʡ
ʵԪӤʿֳһʤסûֶΣȴǼѶһ
Ȼʥ£ȴʥ
ʥʣȻ㣬ҪͱˣҲܾˣ
ݵ
Ǻǣѣһзִ硣ǰֻ֮ΪȡϹű⣬ǳȻѾȥֺ빢ڻ
ʥȴ΢΢һЦΪ
ߣ˵ĵɣڴ˵Ӫ꣬Ӳ붫ʿͻȴȶʿƻ˱Ĵ£ٽûʱ䣬Ҳûķʥ˵ʲôϡʥذɣ
ЦһԥĳԾܾȻصɽ֮С
Ŷ𣿣
ʥɫĵЦԭΪԻڴ٣ĸȤںЩǱûҪ˵ʲôˡǣ˵꣬תȥ

ʱһæסʥʡ
ôͨˣ
ʥͣ£һЦĿ
֪ʥǰұ£л֮£ʥָ㣬βܶȹ˽٣ܶɻ٣պضʥʽ֮
ϹãƺԥգҲùࡣϾһԻΪأǰʥʵǵԹֵһᡣ
һֱıŸһ顣Ǵ£ƾһֻ֮δܳɣҪҼǿԪӤʿ֣аաϣܺͱ֣
ʥʵ
ʥΪβ˵ħ˵ͷǵʵȱǿڣⶫɽڣʲôˣ
ɻ
˵ļλħ˵ľͷʵȷʵǿǱʸоԹ£ʲħħ˲ֽ֮㣬Ҫһǣ㲻˺ħˡʵκһλͷǼʺϵĻ飡Ըȥ£ʽɻٵľ飬ڸ㣡Ƿһ£
ʥʶŹЦ


555 ˵е硭
ʵǳԪӤŲ۷Ϊʮ׵ĿֲڤףڵϲµķԲǧĹ󣡹ƾ⼸㣬ѾѪһǱʵġʰʥ塯ͨԿڤףҲ޷׻㡣ʹͷҲδκε㣡
ݱ֪޵ʽʿżĲͬеĹޣûΪƿڣм䲻Ҫ𵤡ԪӤ֮鵤ֱͨΪ硣ǣʱɻ١ҹ޶ɽٵΣԣҪͨʿ౶
ʥʿжһö򣬵˵ƽʱףڶɽ֮иࡣڶѪܹԪӤڵĹ޶ΪټܶȹԪӤڵĴ٣ҲǸ˲СĴۡ
ηǻ٣֮ǰͿʼӪ˵׼ɽ٣ɼҲǼ۹Ĺޣöڣ˱նɻٵһЩ飬İ档ͬͱȥǴ£öˣ
ɳĬ
ʥ˵Ĳӵʮڤףļ졣Դǰһʿ֮ΪޣһֱԪӤŲ۷壬Ծͷ
ǣɼη廯ڴ١
鵺ɹ򣬲һѰʿȡϿⱦеĺıƳһͨڤΪ˶ɽٶ׼
ֻû뵽öӣǼѰʿȡߡ
еŭȻ˵ǼʥʵУ֪ٶʥ֮Ҳûʲô̸ġ
ʥͻȻȻᵽ١
мìܣʥܻ֮ԶԪӤʿԪ϶˻ڣֻǺ֪Ϊֵ
ҿʥʵɫϷŪ
ö򣬳Ĭ˺һĿйâҫڵͷʥ˵һ£Ǻ£Ҫʥǰұ̸˵֮󣬱ٿǲ٣
ʹЩ꣬ȥһ磬Ѱһ
磿
һţһΣյʱͨͨ硣ڣڶĻʿȲ˵ܲͨʱͨȥˣ㡢ҵʵҲʥȥʲô
ֺγȥֻǣԪ޶࣬磬ȥѰݣ
ʥ΢΢һ̾Ρ
ʲôֵðգ
黹ݣ
ʲôݣ
ЩãȻȻδ˲ݡ
Ǻǣ˲ݹϵһδҲ˵Ĵ½ڤڤйءǻ񲻳ɣҷһȻ˵ǳɹ뻯ڣҪȥĴ½ҵ黹ݣպΣҶһ·ڲ֮ء
ʥʵ
ڤйأĪǴ˵еġ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôɫޱȡɻæʵʥô֪һ黹ݣ
ǺǣȻϹŴʿ磬ϢǧǰõһƬŴáֻǵʱ׼Ͼȥ¡
ʥʴӴȡһƬƴСڼ׹ƬȻ˵˷һλϹŴܹ£ڶɽһĶ󷨣
ġڤ󷨣
ɿöĺڵƬɳһĸоƬϹϲɣϢ
ߣûаգԼȥðգԪ࣬һλᡣ⣬뱾ͬС⣬Ҳǿ
ʥʽƬĿ㡣
ٶȳĬȥ
ȥ硭

֮
Ѫɫ֮ϡƲУһԼٶдС
ȻƷٶȡ
֣֡˵Զ鵺ҷ޶˴ջС׼س̷ض֪λкδ㣿
ĳѾΪԪӤ˲׼кͼλһȡһöԪӤͶСͨɽٰմͼλǣѪѰһط׼ɽ٣
ǾҪԤףֽӤɽٳɹΪԪӤʿĳ𵤾Ų۷壬һЩΪ׼Ҳδ׵»ҪһʱܽӤɽ١մӱгĳ鼱ΣףλѷɢҺǶ˶꽻飬ʵڷŲĳȥǡ
ȻˣҶĳλʹ˱ˡϣ´ټ֮ʱֶֺѳԪӤʿ
ǺǣҶϵʵԵɾͶԶҵȣʱҪҶϵӦǣǣ
˵꣬˺ʿˣȡԷзԶȥܿʧߡ
ҶصһЦԦϣͻʸŴݵС
һ֮󣬷һ˵Ļĵ
ҶĵΧطһȦδʿʮĻĵ
Ҷؼҫ⽣Ѹٽϵļֻ޽ɱɾڵϵɽһªʯ߶
˽붴ڡ
ǣ
ʸЩʵ
һöӣ֮ǹһڤף֮ǰһֱû鿴֪Ƿ⡣ȻصŴݵ㡢ٺǺ˶ӣԱӵѹֻǳЩ鷳ңǱڤĸڣһֱ޷޷ʹá⵺ϣ
Ҷ˵
ţѪɫ֮Уջģ¾öӡ
ʸ˵ͷ˺˿
Ҷ׳ܴų
𱻱˪Ƶһ֣һɿ̹ǵĺǿҵıϢɿĵһƬ˪Ҵ֮ơ
ҶرɭϢ˼
ɫ֣һʶ̽ĸڡ
вĿռöһ뵵ı˪ǶڤףɱǿıϢţ͸ıĺڵڤûϨ𣬷˸˸ģ·ȼһ㡣
ڤף𣬲һͱ໥ġڵΣڤױţӦòʲô⡣Կܽȡڤײ⣬öڤ󷨡ƬУؿöƹ
Ҷɫ죬һƲ⣬˵Լ뷨
ţСģ
ʸӦһȫעΪҶػ
סҶصʶһߣ߶ȾۼŽУ̱ͻԴ
ȥ
Ҷüͷһ壬ʶȫһ壬ŵ£ٱʱоһɴʹԺʶסþ
æжʶɫ԰׵ĺһ
ôˣ
ʸ
ⱱӣ̽ʶҲܱ⡣ѾǽʿܹȥڵΪʶ˵ȥƶΪѡƷ޷ȡǷˣȥʹá
ҶɫЩףҡҡͷ
ʵڲУǾˣûҲ㹻ʵ
ʸε


556 ɹս
ֻеԪӤһˣ
ҶЩģȴҲֻա
һ֣ջ˴С
˵ҲûʲôϧģϾӡڤڼʹھȡֻҲ޷ʹáֻǰװ״һŽЩϧ
Ҵӿȡõϣ㿴ûʲôôô
ʸȻһ£ȡóݵҶصǰ
һһ۴СԲ飬ɢӫӫİ׹⣬ȵˮ̳֮ʯ߶
һһ׹ĺɫ޹ǣӿĻȴ޹ϡ
Ԫ飡
׳ྦ޵ͷǣ
ϱʲôƷҲȥĲ²⣬ʲôԭϡ
ϲʮ׵ģǿͨ󷨣ʶԨ۹ⲻνߡڿͬҲǶġ˵ӦСͨ
Ҷؽӹһ±ǩЩȻ
ϵļֵԱȵؾڣͷʮϵĺǲϡȻˣϺСһֻ۴һҲֱֻ۴ɢϢԶȲͷϰɳĶԡ
ǩĽܺϸ
Ԫÿɳ꣬ϱγһƣıϣҲͬơű飬оŵƣƸƷˮϵСͨľϡһɣԺƻ꣬߶ˮ󡣡
Ҷȡǿű飬˿Ȼ漸ֵơ
ҲҪ临ӵĸϺַԱҵûͱҪȥ
Ҷعעһ˿žԪУʯڵˮԽŨʱһЩ
׳ྦδҲǺ֮ޣģ¹ȫŻۼףͷϱֻױǡһ׳ྦ޷׹һܼ
Ҷػһϡʮﶼջ˴С
ǵÿڱͨϵһϹֻȸ𡣿ȡ¾ױΪȹǣһѵĻϵСͨȡֻǸȸᣬλױǵҲ֮
ҶҡҡͷЦϧæһȴû
ʸ꣬ЩɥĿ۴ЩʧãΪá
ѾднԭϣûʲôáûȥһܲҲҪȥǮ϶Ҳߣʿ֮
Ҷůӿ־΢΢ЦסʸỬ֣Ц߰ɣǻٺȥ
ţ
ʸźùࡣ
ӦһҶ뿪ߡ
ҶؼԦϣڿն𣬻Ϊһڹ⣬뿪СŴݵ㷽ٷȥ
֮
ҶغͱִŴݵ㣬ӹŴװϵĴֱӴͻصɽٺǡ
ĴʱҶЩæµòЩʱȥһЩϽɹ£ʮϽɹʿУռѪݵҪ鱨ȻЩ鱨ݸϽĸ߲㡣
ϽҶҪٺפѪ
Ϊ˷㣬ҶٺǹһĶĸլƽպͱһڸլżȥ߶ռ鱨һЩ


Ҷϸլһ侲޵ڡ
һգҶش֮󣬴Ӵȡһöż
Ϲͨս֪ã
ҶŹżüͷһ䡣
漴㽫ʶ̽żڲ鿴
öżصͨսͼֽԼĲϣַȵȡսʥûйֻܷݻйǹŴݵ㣬ִϰװڵĴս
ս෨;޴ĵĸԭڶַ࣬Ҫ߶ӣʶۼ䰺һս۸ͬȽλϰٱ
ͷԽϵͣɽ֮ķ̫ʺСضǿĹڴͿսܷӳǿսһΪһʿת֮㣬мս塣
෨۰ڶɽ磬ֻͨԪӤΪɹĹϵȣۺʿŻȥơ
սʿķʹƷʯʹ亽С
ս෨ɶװγɵķһսͨɴ塢ڡװ塢緫׾߿ܵɡ
壬ʮľϵԭƳɣڲдǡյȡ
ڣʮϽϵԭƶɣСͨڣ
װ壬ʮϵϵԭƶɣװϿз󷨣ʯ󷨣֡ϼװ壬Ϸд󣬿Զ봫͡
緫ʮϷϵԭƶɣ緫Ͽзϵ󷨣ʹսС
׾߿ܣܹʿս
⣬սϣжķսġȷ
սϵĵȽףϸΪСͨսнСͨս߽СͨսͬȽףսͬĵƷʯҲͬȽԽߵսĺƷʯԽӴ󡣡
Ҷش¿꣬ɳ
öżڣһʮսװͼֽ
ӵͽս߽սУõĲϺ
ҪһǣȻЩСͨսĵƷʯԾǽʿҲԼԦսȻڴս֮ǰûܽԪӤҲƾսǿԼ棬
Ҫһս¡ܹƳ
Ҫʮʱ䣬һӴս
Ҫ׼Щԭϡȡս֮ǰһսҪȻһս
Ҷ룬ż
£ÿȥ̽һսĲϡ
Ҷ뵽˴˸լٺǵķжȥ
ٺǣģȻڳǡ׸һ󣬵ΪɽһɳǣģҲС
Ǵ˵ؿѪ̾ᣬӡ
סڴ˳ǵģ󲿷ֶǽСڣԪӤڵʿٺǺѪݵ֮䣬̽ѰϹżĵرɱѪ޵ȡ
ٺǵ̻Ҳڶ࣬óȻ䷢
ҶŲڷС
˵ɫʿ䣬ǧټ̸࣬ʿ֡
һʱ䣬ɽɹѪִиʿԵĶڵģҲ౶
Ҷڷڹһһ̸ҳƣвһ
Ѫɫ̸󣡡
ӦѪɫ˵Ͻ̸
ѪɫˣѪΪļ֮һڲѪݵ㶼зֲȻҲٲٺҪ֮ء
Ҷһ£̸ڡ
ΪΪŽڣٺںͨΪ̸һ¥ڵʮ̴ӣƳһۣæ̸ʿƼȴûǰк
ҶҲΪ⣬ڸ⿴
һ룬ΪưԪӤʿ¥ϣһѪɫ˵ıʶ
೤ϣߣһԸ顣
̸Ľʿں棬άֺá


557 ೤
ˣȥæɣҪ˵⣡
ʿޱĳԼļʿ˵
Ҷ߹ͻȻĿͣһ£ҶԼЩӡƺڲ֮ǰֻǣһʱȴ벻
ϷһԪӤʿôܻһδıĽʿʲôӡ󣡡
ʿҡͷûᣬ뿪¥
ͻȻʿһ㶣ʲôɻͷλСѣ
λǰǡ񲢲ʶǰ
Ҷۿ̨ķֹʿԼɲ
ϷѪɫ˵೤ϣλСѣδϷ򣬿Ϸ㰡ʮǰǻ鵺ϷƳһۣǵ㵱ʱվʥʵıϣ֪λСѣʥʹʿ
೤߽Ҷһ£Խ϶ԼǵûЩϲʵ
ʥѪǿƻܹޣϷϹű⣬Ѿڶɽ紫˺ħ˵𾪡ͬҲڶɢеϲ
Դӻ鵺һ֮Ѫɫ˵ĸ߲㣬ʥʹľٶΪġΪһĵһѪǿɹܲ취£ùϵպܵĺ
ǣʱڵϵԪӤʿڶ࣬೤ֻһԪӤʿʵ̫ûʥ˵ϻʥʹʿҲʶ
ʥʹԱΪй޹̶ɹַٲѪɫ̻һֱ޷ʥʹϵ
ܴˣʥʹ飬ѰһкĻѪɫ˵ĵλҲϲ١
û̸󣬾Ȼһλʥʹйϵʿ
೤ϼΪ⡣
˿̲ϧԪӤʿݣʥʹһʿʽ顣
ǰᣬϽĳϣʥʹ¡ֻǰʥйˡɣʥʣڱ϶һСʱ䡣
ҶزɵЦ
ˣϽĳϣ
೤Ͼ㵵ſڡ
ϢͨԪӤʿȻ֪Ŀǰ˱Ѿᵽ˼Ϊҵĳ̶ȡ
ϽʵۺѲ٣ʸʶɹ
Ͻĳϣӵλ˵ɲⳤϲ١
һϽΪ˵ıɹϵĵλǸˮǴߡ
Ҷظʥʺ޹ϵƾϽϵݣҲҪصעҪ֪һɹϣӵеȨͿԵԴǼ
ֻǣ೤ϲҿ϶ҶأǷϽĳϡɹĳϴ򽻵ȻҪ࣬ҶصƬ֮ʣŷ
ҶᣬΪڣ̫С
೤Щɣɫһʶ̽ԼЯһöжɹҪУһϽȻһڳϡ
ԽʿΪʥʹıϣ˵Ӧò١ҪȻʥͨԪӤʿҲᣬôһɹĽʿڱϡ
ԭϽĹԶ٣ѹֵСѻʥʵı֮ϣСᣬ˳ɾʵѵá
೤Ϻܿعе׺Ц֪Сѹգ
Ҷϣ빺һЩ
Ҷһֱ֣Ц
ǰôûк
೤ϼҶԲ̴дɫŭ̸³
Ǽڹ²֪£ɫʱɷףұ⡣
ЩдܣҶϼЦˣϷ
೤ɫѿתҶأȴЦ
ȻҶҪҲ˳ŰµͷתҶ¥ȥ
ʵ೤Ѫɫ̸еλһʿύֻǣ೤Ҷ£ϵϽʥʹѵõ£
ҶصҡͷһЦϸ¥
೤Ѫɫ̸ļ£һۣ˸еľȣҲҶ죬æȥ
ܿҶر೤¥ϣһ仪µĶ᷿
೤ϺҶؽ᷿ͷ£м̴ӷ裬Ȼ˳˳ȥǼ£ȴſڡ
ҶҪʲôϷÿУΪꡣ
೤Ʒһ裬ֱ˵Цʵ
֪ǷЩЩϡ
Ҷȡһдвϡ嵥ϡ
೤Ͻӹ嵥ټƷɿɨһۡ
ſ꣬΢΢һ
೤һҶأҶϺôֱʣϷЩϣӦСͨսڶɽ磬ֻиɹĹϣԼһЩΪۺɢޣŻۼ䰺Сͨս
ôѪɫ첻𣿡
Ҷüͷ΢塣
೤ϴЦҶѪɫ̸ҲҶˡսڶȻټѪɫѪһĴˣʲô첻˵ġҶϵ嵥صĲϡʮȫϷȥռϡֻһЩҪرƣҪһЩʱ䣬ȥίʿרŽжûо޶ĲƻҶϿ첻ս
˵꣬೤ϻһתһ£Ҷ˵
೤ϰһ£ҪķѶٲƻ
ðɣϷһ¡⴬ǣҪʮϵǺԭľҪʮʮƷʯһͺڣʮ߰Ʒʯһ𣬹Ҫʮ𡭡ϷⱨۣǿҶϵݣűͼλҶϣЩϡ
೤˵ţһҶصɫ
Ҷɫ顣
Ȼ֪սۼ䰺󣬵Ȼûϵĳ̶ȡ
ֻҪܹ򵽣ƳСͨսЩҲȫֵá
Ҳ˵ھҪЩϡȫսʯ취Ｏ
Ҷתһ룬Ҳ˴㣬˵ȻˣǾίѪɫˣҲɹȫЩϺڹʯһ֧Ѫɫˡ
೤ϱ۸ԭΪҶػ֪Ѷˡ
˭֪ҶسƬ̺󣬾һӦ¡
ҲãѪɫҪЩϡҲҪһЩʱ䡣ˡ
೤ϵҲûʲôɡ
ҶغܿǴϽɹһսûʲôóԾ
һʴĽף೤ԼõĺôҲСЦҲŨЦȻҶˬ죬ϷҲС֮ˡ˴κԺҶ뱾˵ĽףõŻݣ
Ǿл೤ˣ
ҶغǺЦ
೤ǩصԼҶغȻԼнѾ룬ѾҪһЩıסϣС潣
˴Ѫ֮УȻûҵϣֱӺѪɫ˹Ҳһѡ
뵽⣬ҶպԼʵ೤ϣ֪ʮϵı硢ϵϣ
ԪӤԭϣӵеʿɨ䡣һгģܿᱻȥҼ۸񲻷ơҶҪԭϣڵвֻҪСĶײϣҶϿµõ̸ٰĽ׻ϣˡ
೤ϳһ£ش
׻᣿
ҶĸȤʵ
̸Ľ׻ᣬʿн֮䡣ɹıͣѪʿ౦ﻻҲԳ۹ǳ߲յļ۸ȫԳջرȡһӶ𣬲άҶϿȤμӣһĽ׻ᣬһ֮󡣡
೤ЦŽ˵
ţҵʱһ
Ҷصͷ˽׻ٰʱգ೤Ͽ˼󣬸뿪Ѫɫ̸


558 ʮ׷
Ҷ뿪Ѫɫ̸ڳڷи˹䣬صլ
ʸϣڳ
ҶؽȥѪɫ̸飬˵һ¡
೤ϵıһСͨסսǲɹʮϵԭϣҪڿƷʯټίʦʦƵķáɣ۴ҪڡõóǮ
ʸ졣
òƾŽ׵ȥĻҪʮܴ꣬ʾ޶ʯսԭ׼ȫһҪ׼С潣ĲϣҲһʾ޴Ŀ
ҶΡ
ʮ꣬սûôܴһսڴս֮ʱҲܰȫࡣ
ʸЦЦδԡ

һ£Ҷس֮⣬ǽƾŽ鵤ϡ
һ֮ҶءʸӦٺǷڵѪɫ̸󣬲μӽ׻ᡣѪɫ̸ĴǰࡣǰͣڶݣЩŸɹıʶȻĲͨʿ
Ҷϴݹ٣ʧԶӭ
̸ſվżڹ£һأۼˣһҶصæӭӡѪɫ೤μӽ׻Ĺǲ˿
ν׻ᣬкܶʿμ𣿡
ҶؿЩݣһʵ
Ҷϣⳡ׻רŰŽʿ֮Ľף˶λʿҪѪ𵤺ѰʿԼٺǾסĸɹĵϵ𵤵ӡЩѪѰʿѪҵϡ׼ЩۺɹϵʿԪӤʿĽףרš
̸̽͵
Ŷ
Ҷ׹
ЩѪʿҪһЩϡıڷһѸ߼ȥɹϵʿۺҪһЩϡı
Щôһ飬Ѫɫ̸ר׻ˡ
ҶزɰԺЦѪɫ̸ǻ
λ
Ҷغͻʸһµк£Ѫɫ̸ϲĽ״ڡ
⽻״ɴС̻ԻͣŲ֪޵Ƥë̺ӣһ͵飬ÿһϸڶޱȣ᳡Եݻȴд̸ɡ
ڷϰΣľһЩѾʿʮǽСڵΪ̸š
׻δʼҲδ룬ǲŽף̸ֻһЩɽļ֮໰⣬鱨
ҶزĿɨЩʿ
ѪѰʿɹĵϵ𵤵ӣʵֻòϣһ۱Դֿ
ЩѪѰʿѪŶΪɾϳ˸ɫ¡֮⣬ûκ׸֮ЩѰʿҲ༸ֲɣɫһЩ
ɹĵϵ𵤵ӣȥѪϲʱһЩŨ塢ΡҵΣдżɹϵеİҲŮɫ඼Ϊ𪣬ȻⴳðաЩɹϵȱǮƣҪʲôܻʯ򵽡
ȺݡȻͬʿͨǲһġ
Ҳֻֽ׻ᣬǾۼһ
ҶüǣȻ˼ϤĽʿ
ŷϵʿūӣ޹ΰٹһЩɹϵʿǸԴһȺ£ڴһǣһ
Ҷ֪ʿҲѪ
ɽĸɹΪպսռϷ磬Щ궼ǲǰѪռ鱨սǰ׼ٺǣЩʿۼ֮ءȥѪĸݵ㣬Ƿضǳ㡣
ֻҶû뵽Ѫɫ̸Ƕμ⽻׻ᡣ
Ҷؿʿʱ
ʿҲ˹
ѽϽҶСҲˣˡ˱Ĵɹʿּˣϵܣĳˣ㲻ȥкһ£
ΰ΢΢һԴĻȣ
Ҷϣ˵ЦˣСܸҶʲôֻдһζѡСʵ磬ʰ·硣
Ҷس֣ɫףµȭͷա
Ҷص³˶νѵûռˡһڻ£ûǰơ
ϵˣ˵ķϵʿϽҶСϣȻ㡣η壬ҲǲΪ档Ȼϵ£ȥһ
ΰЦ
һ¿ͷԣæȰٹλ˸ɹĲſѪɫ̸һӣҪ⽻״£иأѪɫˣɹǰ
УѪɫ˵ϣǵĵ£ȥ֮Ͳ˵ˣٲҪҶдһ£Ϊϵһӣ
ΰһЦ
ūɹһЦԱ߼ɹŮ
ǹ¼ǲŷģ˳ȥкٵɹʿ
ⷬȴɹʿĲĿ
Ҷȴۿһ¡
̸ԪӤʿ򣬲ǽʿµĵط
ûȥᣬͻʸڴһλ¡
Լһʱ֮ǰμӽ׻ᣬĽʿ
ЩѪѰʿҲʼ½˰ԼѪϡóϣɹʿۿƷ
ЩֵϡܿΧ˲ʿ
λҿһǧݵĻƾ´ѪһĵϷ֣һͷҩĽѪս˽£Ž˻ƾȡ֡ҩȻѰҩǳ˾ɵݣھŽҩȴǼ亱ֵߡҩƸ߽鵤˺ٺòˡʮƷʯ۸ߵá֪λѣҪ
һòѰʿóһ˶ĻƹӲӵĻƾһģۺɤŴ˵
Χɹʿ
ҩ鵤áƾ棬ȥҩЧӦò
ֻǣҩĻҪȥʦƣܳ鵤
³ʮɣ
ʮһ򣡡
ҩ߽鵤ǷҪ
ʸһЩĶʵ
ҩݼãֻǲ֮ٿİɣ
Ҷҡҡͷҩģϸˣݱ㹻蹺
ʸ˵ͷ࣬Ҳòϡ

һͷʮһͷʱһͷǼƷϵԭϡҲ֪һͷʮԪӤڼʵǿᵽ˼ķϵޡޣܱɱҲǼңѪĵϣôһë۾Ű˭Ҫ
һ޳ӣ𵤺ʿ˵ţӴȡһɳɫë
ɫëŵ⣬ϣΧȻһķ
ӽһһȻѺۡ
ڽʿɺȻδƣ̶ֳȡ


559 
ʮ׵ķϵϣ
ŰƷʯۣ
ɹĵϵʿв˾Χ˹
ǶԶɹʿʮ׵ĲϣЩʿ˵Ǽ߼Ʒлõ𣬷ڶɽκһɹҲڶԭϡ
λ֣ΪβԪӤʿԪӤʿôСͨЩԪӤǲƴ֣һüǮ
ʿ
ǣ뷨ԪӤʿǿеͼ۹ϣһʿ˵ڳĶɹĽ𵤵ϵʿǮزȱһֺαȥЩǿƵԪӤ档λѣ۰ɣ˴Ҫ뿪ֻôһΣѪðն꣬ҲżһĶĲϡ
ʿҡͷ˵
ŰƷʯɲһСĿɹһȱִҪְһҲõһƷʯѡ
ʮԭϣһʱòϰ
ҪԪӤڣʹá
ڳĸɹĶٶʿĿУ۷׷ȴû̳۾ᡣ
Ҷڽ״ڣۿãһֱδ֡
ʮ׵ȴġ
⽻׻ᣬ뿴ûб硢СĲϣ׼պƳһС潣պʹнһһװ
Ҷ⽻ĵãڼһʮ׵ķϵԭϡһ´ʮ«ľŽ鵤żֵһǧҵĻˡ
ʸ֪˼˵ͷϻŶʯһЩֵǮĲƻҶﲻЩԼȥ
ͷҪˣ
ҶؽСڵľŸ«ȡϣûΧʿľ㵣˵Ÿ«ڣװֵܼŰľŽ鵤ﻻλѣЩ鵤ĲϣΣ
߽鵤ӲͨԼãȥг۶ǳףȻܻ
ӴЦӹҶصľŸ«鿴һ鵤Ʒʺĵ˵ͷЩŽ鵤ˣˣ
˵꣬㽫ƸҶء

ΰһȷѹסЦ˵۸ߵ𣬱δأڶɽҲǼΪĲϣȵĺܣ
λҪ۸ߵļǮȻС֪Ըóʯ²鱨ļǮóʯߵֵĲƻ򣬴ֻܸλȳ۵ĵˡ
ӿһҶأƳһ۰ΰЦЦԽ࣬ԽߣȻǸӵĸˡ
ûʯǾŰʮƷʯȼ۾ŰʮƷʯһ£
ΰҡŷȣһصϣһڱʮ
ȻĿдżƣЦҶأҶϣ˼һϵÿʮ׵ˡǡִʯֻúҶһˡ
Ķūӵˣʱΰһԣ뿴һϷ
ǵȻ֪ҶϽĳϺǮݺݵɨ˶ӣöʮ̧ͷһڰ׸ǵϣҶѾһǧľ޶ʯȥ𵤡
ǿǮҲúĵĲ˰ɣ
ǵƣҶصĲӦñȽϾȣдԼһǧʯĲ
ҲֵЩɹϵʿһڶüһˡ
׻᳡ϵɹĵϵʿЩѰʿһΰ׹ǡء޹ٹҪɨλҶϡӡ
ɹϵʿҶ໥ύ໥ţ֪ΰλٹͷҶʲô֪ȴࡣ
Ҷɨһΰü
Ͻ޹ūĴɹ׼ᱱĴλ֮䶼ϣϡšɵ֮䣬ûбô
ΰˣȴǻûŷ
Ҷضܲ²ԭ
ΪϽʿڶɹϵʿԱЩɹϵʿܵų⡣
ΪϽĳ֮һЩɹϵӸһַ̡ЩϵʿûгΪԪӤ֮ǰ¼֮ǰ޷Ϊɹϵġ
ҶҲδϽϵϵӵȥ
վգԶܸϽϵϵӣΪһ̸ʿɹϵҲաֻ֮ſΪɹϵںϡ
Ҷ֪һ㣬ҲûȥЩɹĵϵӽύ
һֱ۲Ϊ̬Щɹʿܱܿ⣬ʡ鷳
εƣһһεľ壬ȴջԽЩɹϵӡ
ƫƫЩɹϵӻûϲˣһЩıֶΡ
֮ǰڹŴݵʿȻͨѪĶᱦа޲ܴʿЩаԸԼȻɱԼɣɥѪԭϡ
һǧ򣡡
Ҷһ£һ«鵤ϡ
Ȼޱĳΰѣһͨʿݣ𣬻޹ٹݣ𣿡
ԽʿΣٹΣ𣿡
ΰû׻ش𣬳˼һ£ʵ
ȻͨʿݳҾͳһǧ򣬲ٱۣ޳߼ֻۣܰȥ޹ٹݣұסȻ޹ٹҶöˡ
ҶĮĶΰһһ˵
һһԣҩζŨңһõĵز
ɹĵϵʿЩѪѰʿһԲ໥˿ŵļҶغΰ
زǾҪˡ
ƽϢ´μ滹˵ĵѣͺ㵽Ϊֹ
ƽϢˣ˺´μǾǵˡ
ȻѪɫ̸󿪴򶷷ǲܡڳҰ˽ϣǵѪսɱһûκλ˵
á
ΰһһϡ
޹ٹεݣһܵʿĹάУʲôʱܹвһһһƲɢ޵вҪǲʲôɹϵʿлȥ
˫Ŀ죬˿ԵüӲѹһŭ⣬ڱ޹ݣ𣡣ĪΪϽĳϣ㲻˲ɣñտһɢ޳ʿʲô
һǧһ򣡡
ΰһۣĽ£һӵʯϡ
ҶĿû˵
ѾûдǮƣǮƶڻʸϡ
ʸȴֽһʯϣüûһ£ȻۣҶϣһǧ򣡡
һǧ򣡡
ΰüͷһ֣ʯ
ôһСĹǸӾŰǵһǧǷĳɡѾڳĲٽʿľʵһʮֵҲǾŰҡģ̧ȥġ
ɹĵϵʿӻİҲʹ
һʮ׵Ļ׳ྦͷǣ鵤ۼһǧİʯ
ʸһɫ޹Ƿϣ«鵤
ڳѰʿɹϵʿɵһ
ΰҲ޷š
һʮϵϣ
ⳡᣬѾʮ׵ϵϣǴʮϵġ
һʮ׵Ļ׳ྦͷǣȫԺһʮ׵𣬵ȼ۽׳ྦͷԭ۾Űɣʯѹ޹ٹ
ҶصѾó޹ǡ鵤Ȳƻжǧ򣬿ۣѹסΰ
˻ȥЩʯ
ΰһͷ𾪣˵ȥĸլȡʯ
Уָ˻ϱҪ뿪
һڷ
ǶģǼڰʯװԼĴУȻʧñ˶ϡ˭֪ΰҪãܰʯ밡
ΰգ˫Ŀͨ죬ҲѶǧʯĲƻϡ
Ҷطʿɾ
֮ǰû뵽ҶأҶطΪһǧѾ´࣬òꡣϣѾûʯ֮ĲƻˡһЩƻҲֵǮֵǮԪҲó
ΰתͷĶūɹӵˡĿڰʾϣ֧ܳԮһЩʯ˵лѹҶء
֣СҲûʯҪʤҶϣ˵ҲҪǧŹãܸࡣСͷͷԣһЩ
ؼʱȴҡҡͷ¶һֻɫѵ
ԴʮǰҶصǳ֮һֱΪɹϵʿЦܾ䡣
޹ٹû
ڣһͬΰĴࡣٱɹʿ˵ŷϵʿȲϽҶϵʱ򣬻ôһ䣬޹ٹͬҶء
ȻûܿҶ⵽ѹĺϷǿΰ⵽ѹĺϷⳡͬС
ΰҶϵķͷѹȥպ󻹲֪ٹ⡢š
Ըͷ
ôҶϺ֮ǰѾ˵ˣ޹ٹݣϽҶϵᾺġСõȶɹʿʵڲóȻ֣˿ࡣСýҪǳǮ˵ǿСŮӵİȡʤ˶Ц֣ɲˡ
ӵЦЩĿҶء
ҶغüΣһľĻϣһʥʵıϣһڽյѪɫ˵Ľ׻ᡣÿһΣܳ⡣
ʵˣûרҶص˼ȫǶΰҪѹҶأδֹѡֻÿһεĽ⡣
ΰʱԲ۾ЩŵĿֻĶ޹ӣʱз
ͻȻ׹ڰӽȥˣԺϽĳȥȴϹۡҶ˭ʤ˭Ƕ˶ûӰ졣
λɹĵϵʿǺ⿴޹Ͻ
ūɹӣҽڲԸ
ɹĵϵʿźϷ
֪޹ū⼸˱ɹȨƵļ̳ڹĶǣѩֱӱ죬κϽȥⲨ㣬Լװ׳Ʒ
Ȼûиߵıۣ𣬱Ҷˣ
Щɿʮ׵Ļ׳ྦͷǣͼֵ鵤
Ҷƺ֪ʮĮĿһɫǺΰתͻʸһ뿪Ѫɫ̸Ľ׻ᡣ
޹Ѿ׷
Ȼ޹ٹںôһˣֺαںһ޹ٹ
֮ǾǵˣƾֶΣûʲôԡ
ѾõҪõһҪСԭϣûҪ¡
޹ٹҲ˶ѣ
Ҷ̸󣬵µһ䵭ĳȴýڵΰɫףקȭͷѿ˼㡣


560 ʮǱ
Ǹʮ׻׳ྦ޹ǣӿϼģҲûʲôáҲֵˡΰǰһֱԣΪա޹ٹݣʧ棬زưոݣһһᱨΰȻ޹ٹҲκβϽĳϡ
ʸҶ࣬Ҷɫ˵
ҵĵĲٹ
Ҷҡҡͷɫ˼ֳأΰһ񣬴˴˾ȻԹۣٹ֮ͥ¶棬Щ⡣Ĵɹ˱λѾ˼伤ҵĳ̶ȣ˲ɹϵ֮˽˽ˡ
Ǹΰ죿
ɣ˵ףܡšɡĴ֮Ƕˣ̫

ҶغͻʸԼҸլǱ󲿷ֿʱ䶼鵤ﱸսռʯ뿪ٺǡٺ˹Ͻĵ̣Ѳɭϣڼж
ϽѪ鱨ȻڶϽʿǰȥռҶǰȥ̽顣
ʱ׾Թ϶
ʮ£һζ
ɽ磬Ϊۺ˺ħˣѪͼҲԽԽԡ
Ȼˣˣδʽսǽܹĵսǰĳﱸ򰵵ǲʿٺǣѪĸݵ㣬ռ鱨ͼͼͼȺֲͼ޵ȽͼʯԴֲͼʿûͼȵȴϸ鱨
Ҫ֪ѪĵλüҪǶ֮Ļش
ΪѪĴڣжɽδֱӳͻ
һɽѪȫţ޽ɳǣƱʿǿҷˡ
ڵΣսԱ⡣սֻʱѡ
Ȼˣһж˺ħ˸߲ƿı֮УҶĽʿȥĿա
֪֮УҶغͻʸٺǱΪѾȺ𵤺ڡ
Ȼֻн߲㣬ڽʿУҲ൱ߵΪ

һգҶϸլ
ڡ
Ҷ鵭Ȼһڵ¯Χ¼ƣȻĳ¯ס
ڵ¶ȣҲ֮ʼ
ٿ¯ײԾףҶزЩ
ͣʦ۷徳磬Ѿʮ֮ãʼδͻƣΪʦ
ʦٺãҲֻԾŽµ鵤нϴĳʡʮϵ鵤޷żȻɳɹˣҲ⣬ɸơ
һ޴ſ
ⲻǵϵͻơ
ĳ̶ֳȣҪ츳
ɽɹרְʦŴѵĺʱ乩ͻʦģȴͬ޼
˶Ľʦۺ񣬶һ鵤м֪ҪΪһʦҪٲϺͲƻжôѣҪʦԾΪʦǱȽʿΪԪӤʿټ
Ҷ˼תԳţһߴľУȡʮ׵ĳġҪľʯֳҩʦ֪Զ
ƽƵѶȽϸߵľŽ鵤
⼸꣬Ҷһֱڳʮ׵ġԪӤ
ԪӤһڸԪӤʮ鵤鵤ӤʱϴԪӤĳɹʡ˵ȻԶȲԪӤϡ󣬵гҲмС
ҶԪӤһҲ׼ͱĽӤ鵤
ϣգöԪӤ
Ҷջ˼עصǰĵ¯Ͳ
⼸ʮ鵤ĹַѾ൱ÿμʱ¯ڵĵҺܻһۿҪεҩ֮ɢķϵ
ЩʮԪӤģǮס
ϸʯĴҩģͨϵ»ճһʯĻܲ˾޶ʧͳ⵰ˡ
ϾѩΣԪݡ
Ҷָյصҩ˿ҷɡ
Щʮģÿһ궼ǧݣΪ档
¯
ۼ¯¯ױյͨ죬¯ת
Ҷһ¯Ӧ¯ӿ
¯漴ɢӯӯϹ⻨ϾϾͶ¯С
߶ſػ𷨾ʱ¯׵ǣ¯ͨ졣
ǶϾһ¯У߲ȥ
ϾҲͬʱ֨֨ӻҶķ¯ڡ
ܿģ䱻סϾ忪ʼڻĻΪһӨӨҩҺ¯
ЩҶضͷѾ΢΢ð
ʮ׵ҩҺǵһڣвͻʹҩҺ٣ƻҩԣ޷ҩҺһϡʮı㱨ˡ
ʱҶػиͶѩεģһŨԼǿҩҺ
ںϣ
ȼɢӨӨ΢⣬˱ǵҩҺ˴󲿷ʺҶ̱õű¯еĵҺ³ײ¯Ҳ¯
ʱҶز˿߶ػ𷨾¯¯Уֻ¯Ƕ׵Σʱ³һ˿ʺ
¯ڵҲԽĴŨ
ǣǽЩҩҺΪĵҺ
Ҷָһʱ䣬һ
ǳ
Ҳ飬һö鵤
¯𣬻ȶֻÿһʱ䲹һΡ
ҶҲտֻҪʱſػ𷨾ɡ
Уת˲
¯Ҳûһ˿³ʱҶȻ˫ۣͿػ𷨾һ¯ת¯Ҳ֮
Ҷȫע¯ҺͬʱʼתŵҺʼϵ
յƺĵҺѾ۵ĽʵʣϴС̺ҩȴΪ
ҩ
Ҷһͬʱ߶űϾӨӨĵҺѩ׵ĵҺ£
ʵĵҺӴʱҵҩԱ̳ͻ΢ŵġڡ졣
ʱҶҲ̽һΪҩĵҺߣɳͻƽϢ
ŸĵҺҶص¯ƶ£ںջΪһɫĵҺ
¯һϷϣɫ΢΢õĵҺʱʱѾȥһһҹ
Ҷ΢΢һЩЦҡҡͷ
ʮ׵鵤ѶȺͻѵʱ䣬ԶŽ鵤꣬Ҳǿܽʮ׵ҺϡЩľѵҲô׺ϳⵤҺҪҺ鵤Ѷȸ󣡡


561 ҩСͨʦ
ҶÿδӵҺֵüͷЩһĪչ
Щɣˣܰ
Ҷ˼ȵĿ¯һ߼
һ
Ƶ¯𣬸еÿһ˿
ոһյĹȥ¯һȭͷСϽɫҺԲεҩ棬Һȴڼתδ
˹ؼʱҶԽ
ҶعһƣȫԸ

Ҷһĳ¯Уԭƽȵӿǣ¯ס˵ɫȻҲ档
¯΢΢
¯ڱǵĳϢҲҶصĴ߶£ͬһֻεĴ֣ϽɫҺѹչȥ
˻˻
ϽɫҺ˻˻죬ҲʼٶС
ҶصĶʱʹΪڳȵҺѹ£ĺҲ¡
ã
Ҷ׼ҺɵʱɫȻһ䡣
ĵ״һγ֡
¯еĵҺڿᣬȴʼͬʱԭѾȹ̵ϽɫҺһλζƺҪΪʱᱬѡ
ҶȫעٿصԺͻȻһƬ顣
ʱоʱ·ֹͣһ㣬ԺһƬʶģֻһŲϱõϽɫҺеÿһҩԵı仯ޱȵĸС
ĸܣһ˲Ȼ֣һ˲ֺȻʧӰ١
ʱҶȴĿоâһ˶
¯ļѵĵҺƵҺĳ
¯¯ɱųҡ
ࣣ
һ죬ӵ¯д
¯ڵҺᣬһ΢죬һ۴СԲϽɫ鵤ڵ¯ڣ˱ǣɢҡ
һšԪӤˡ
ͨʿȻһŵҩַ൱ˣһ¯ͬʱʮţ࣬ԽԼʱ䡣Ҷʮ׵ÿζһ
Ҷؼ鵤ˣɴϲ
깤רһöʮ׵ԪӤ鵤
ֻǵİٷ֮һżȻɵģҲֵء
žԪӤܼĸӤӽɵĽӤʡֵȵСöԪӤˡڽӤУȻǱزȱġ
Ҷ¯𣬴¯ȴֳȥ¯ΧĽƣɿ콫¯Ǵ򿪣ͬʱȡһֻСƿ߶ȡ˾ԪӤ
պƿ󣬱¯׼ƴ˵
ף
Ҷصʶɨ¯һ
¯ڣȻһƶĹ⻪¯ڻɬĶ
¯ŨɫҩڣǰȻûз֣Щ㵡
鵤ôһֵĶ
Ҷʶҩ׽ŻƶСĹ⻪ţϸ۲Ŷ⻪żԣȻܵĶҶصʶעӣҶصʶһɨ㿪
ֻǣ¯̫Сκһ䣬ҲܲҶصʶ
Ҷ϶¯ȴʶɨҩĵ¯ڡ
ҶͻȻ΢ЩŵĿ
ǡ鵤ҩ飿
Щἰֻʮϵ鵤кܵ͵ļʻҩ顣ǵҩ¯֮С
鵤ҩ飬Ϊûа취ƣֻмСļʲŻ֡ǣΪʦʱ鵤һÿһλʦһУɵҩһΣʮΡ
ҩ鼫ΪأҷΪ֮ࡣеѪҩ飬ܼǿʿǣ֮ǿܣȡеıٶҩ飬ȴбٶ֮Чʿú򶾲֡еҩ飬ʿķٿ֮ԭֻյͽ׷ֱ߽׷Щǵϼֹҩ飬иصҩ飬δ֡
ÿһҩ飬Ҳǿ֮֡ͬıٶҩ飬ֻٰٶеȴԱǧ򶾡
ҩ飬ǵҩڷС̸ϸû󲿷ʿδΪһʦԼ̷ˣ⴫ֻǽ¼ڵڡ󲿷ʦսͨҩ飬벻Ч
ҶЩƵĿϲ
ҵƳöԪӤѾΪףôͬʱֺ֮ҩ飿ѵѾڲ֪Уͻʦľ磿
Ҷؿϲ֮࣬ȴҩ飬ಡһ´¯Ϸɳ˵¯ںֱײͼҷ϶ȥ
ӣӵȥ
ҶزЦһʮָָǧһɴķͼƶҩ飬С
ҩ鲻ƾıӱܣʵ΢һΧ޷ѿ
ҶץУη
Ҷϣܻҩ󣬿ǰصҩ⻪ţЩ档
ֻἰǶÿһҩļزϸ
Լʱ䣬εʧܣע˴Ѫҩ飬ܴʲôá
Ҷس˼һֱӽȥȻ˹ڸڻ
ҩһ׻
һĸоͬˮһ㣬Ҳֹסҵı
ֱڡ
Сͨ
򣬹ĵ໥ͨ𣬵ҺܣԶȸղųɹʮ鵤ʱΪӿӿͷ
һ죬ΪʦĽգÿһϸ΢ĶԼٶһ顣ɻ󣬲֮ȻȻ
ϰ飬õ
ҶϥľȻԺһƬ飬ȫƣҲûκ
Ҷµͬʱڵҩܡܡ¯еġ鵤ɢҩޱȵҩڡ
ҽ裬ҩĵﶥʱͬһҶȥ
ĺɫճҺ壬Ƥų
һգա
һΰ¹ȥ
ҶشĴ֮УѹתȻĿһȻͬʵʵâʧâת˲ʧֻعƽ
ʣʷ仯
ҩ㣬ɢǹ޵ĵҩ㣬ˬ
ʿҩ㣬Ҳ֪һʿҵӦò͡ʦ϶лٻҩ㣬ҩģȴࡣ
ǡҩ飿
ҶɫľȻͻȻϲܿǿЦá
ʦȫƣСͨʦͨʦ
£һոճΪʦĵʿʮ鵤ļʴԼΪʮ֮һҲ˵ʮ¯ܳһ¯鵤ֻо֮󣬳ʲŻὥõ
µҩ飬ȴֱһأʡȥʮ顣
ڵʮ׵鵤ӦɵĳʡƸߵʮһ׵鵤Ҳһҵĳʡ
ҶҲ֪øˣǸþɥ
Ϊûõٶҩ飬ҲûеõѪҩ飬ǳҩ顣
ҲãٽʡٵʱȥԪӤǱʵʮ׵鵤ԼڵЩ鵤Ҳһϣڱ𵤾Ų㣬Ӥ֮ǰǱʵƳ


562 
Ҷڣִһ£ʮöԪӤ֮󣬲Ŵڳ
ڶԼˮ׼ѾʮаգﵽСͨʦˮƽƾԪӤʮ鵤Լɵĳʡ
ʸһڸլϡ
⼸µıչأˣ
ţЩѾ˽߲۷壬ֻ߲Ϊٹһ£ڰ˲㡣ףʲôζ
ʸҶصĻУСɵıᣬŵҶһصĵҩ˵ĸоƺһ鶯ҩϢϢϵҩ㲻һҪ鶯ࡣ
ңܿ췢֣Ҷصƺ
Ҷһ𣬶ϸ΢ı仯ΪУ뵽ʲô˫һϲΪûӶ١Īͻʦˣ
ţѾͻʦľ磬ܹʮϵ鵤
ҶؼʸϵҩȤ¶һ˿Ц
֮ǰڣѾˮϵྻϴ˺ü飬ôҲϴȥǹ޵ҩ㡣ڣʿϴҩҲûʲô
ֽҩ飬ϸ˵һ¡
ֿҩ飬ûʸΪȡ
ʸ΢΢ףܹʮϵ鵤սĽչҲܼӿ첻٣ʮÿ궼ҪóһǧƷʯͶսϡĿ֧ҲСʦƵʮϵ鵤ԪӤʿ϶ʿҪʯ
Ȼ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷ
ʵ鵤ʯܴһֶڻ׼ľԼս衣
Ҫ֪սɲǹñУҪʯ
սװʮͺۣÿһڣҪ޶ʯսУҪʯս֣ͬҪʯҪûд㹻ʯսҲֻһ޴ĿտӾͷ޷ʹá

ȻͻСͨ磬ҶҶϸլڱǱޣһв޶ٸı䡣ΨһͬǣżȥУ۵鵤ʮΪ
һգٺǡ
ͻȻһȺسҶϸլڵ룬ֹһ޹ʿ롣ЩسʿѳָڣһɫᣬĿ䣬Ц
ЩسӣԪӤʿ
סʿ״ɲ죬ԡ
ô£ôͻȻ
Īץµʿ
˭֪
ԪӤʿӣִм߹񣬲ŻӣƺʲôҪˡ
ʿ۷׷ףûԸȥЩس
Ϊٺǣ˺ħ˵ĵ̡سֱ˺ħˡͨʿȥˡ
ãһɾͷʮΪĴͺݣִٺǣϵĽͣҶϸլĴ⡣
ԾͷԪӤΪݣٺ𾪡ħ˾ͷܳݡ
ˣ
ԦݵһʿԪӤΪ
ţ
һһϮصĻۣͷȫףɫĶƣüĿ͵ߣȻΪι֮䣬˵ϡԪӤʿǿѹΧڵͽʿеϢ
ӭ
ķԸѾΧ֮ڽнϣκʿ֡
ϵļԪӤسʿڽس׷װݼ
ãһ´š
ǣ

Ҷϸլ
Ҷڱչ
ͻȻüͷһӦ
լֲԪӤСʿһȺʿӴѹϢһ𣬼Ϊǿңܸܲ
ʲô˰ⷽԲˣ
Ҷصɫһ䡣
΢һ룬ܿ侲
ЩԪӤʿȺĽʿΪ˶ԸΪûҪֻҪһԪӤʿҲ㹻Ըˣʦڡ
ңٺǣ˺ħ˹Ͻĵ̣κδľٶӳ˵ߡ˭Ҫٺڣдľٶ˵ͬ⡣
ΨһĿܣ˻ħ˵ʿ
Ҷشӱչڳͬ𾪾ıҶԼӰο˼䣬򿪸լĴţȴͣŵһݣɴ㵡
˱ºЦݣſڡ
վŵģ׸ԪӤʿ
سȴԶԶվţδ
Ҷû뵽ĻЩ㵣Ǻܿ췴ӦæֵϽҶأӭ֪٣Ϊζ
𾪵ǣ̶̵ĶʮδѾһڻ鵺ʱ˥࣬ѾԵ̬ӡ
ˮƹʸϣӭ
ʸæʩ
ǺǣҶСϣҶˣλٳ뱾ڹһ˲űЩٸǱĺˡգпУúλúһǣ
ºЦ⡣
룡
Ҷ΢һæ˵
δʶֻ˵ĶᵺϼһΣѪĻһΣԶԶĿһ棬ûκνԡ
Ҳ϶ûȤһλʿġ
˱ݣͻȻЩ𾪡
Ҷа׸ԪӤʿװΪصĿ
ʸһ衣
ҶСز죬ΪλͻȻĸϡҶСᣬȴϽɹҪְǸˣѾˡ
ƷһƷ裬ЦҲδĨǣֱ˵
ֻһͨʿ벻ķۡȻΪϽϣѾʮǰˡ˵һʲôҪһ˵ĻֻǸ鵤йˣ
Ҷسһ£˵
ʵ֮Ѿٲ²⵽һЩܴǸԼͻʦйء
ͻʦ飬ֻҪ˵ȥĻǲ֪ġǣʮ鵤϶ҪóȥȻװ磬ڸݣȥ鵤ǣʮϵ鵤̫עˡֻҪ׷Ļ϶ܷһЩ˿
ӴҪһӴǼǲܵ顣ǣ뿪ɽ磬ǰѪȵأпܱܿ˵ĶĿ
ǺǣҶСϹȻǴˡҲˡһ׼ܵļÿһλʦм죬עǷΪʦϽҶأʦںܾǰѾ˼¼ڰڼĶ󡣡
գ˵һλ쳤Ϸ֣ٺڳһСʮ鵤ڱ˵ٺڵÿһλʦһΨһһչزʦˡǣܾԿ϶һλʦ죬ȷʵ㡣
˵
ҶزɿЦ˵Ȼ޿ײ롣ųΪʦһ£Ѿ˵߲ˡ
ҶСţϽĳϣ˱ϵˡڱڣ˱Ͻ£ֶһλʦĺ鰡֮ܳʢ˥ΪʦĴڡڽǰѭһʮĹÿһλ½ʦΪ˵Ŀ䳤ϣ
Ц


563 䳤Ϻͽ
ʦΪ˿䳤ϣԸ꣡
Ҷ΢΢һǺܿ侲֪˶ʦΪӣ˿䳤ϣȴǳ֮⡣֪䳤ϣʲôġ
ڽǰ㡮ˣϵ䳤ϡһְΪŵһԱλȫ峤һ£μ˵߲顣ȻˣΪ˿䳤ϣϽĳһְ
˱ϵ䳤ϣλ磬ֱϽڱ˱֮⣬ûʿԶ´λҲȨ´
Ϊ˳ŵĳԱӵмĲþȨһ㣬պ˽ġ
һ˿䳤ơ
ڣóһɫƣ֣ޱȵ˵
ӵд˿䳤һرġȨޡ
ԾܾκΣǲһԱȫΪءսʱڣӵдȨϽҪִΣ㲻ִеĻó˿䳤ֱӾܾ
Ȩ㷸κɱĳλҪԱᱻ˴ֻ̡ᰴдСˣдҲֻļ
Ȩֻ˵Ŀ䳤ϲܡʿϽĸɹĹϣȨ֪䳤ϵķжء
˵꣬ҶأЦӵп䳤ӵȨû˸㡭̽ӻ㱨ǰЩӣЩɹĵϵʿ㡣һӵдֻ㣬ٵ㡣ȻˣЩϵʿ֪أҲһʶ
δЩϣҲȥǵ鷳
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷʵӵȨҪ۰ɣ֪ʲô
ĵ˵ͷп䳤ϵȨرΨһְ𣬾ԪӤ
밴ĽλÿƳһԪӤƳÿһöԪӤϽ˵ıϽ˽κʿˡ
ԪӤϵ˵ˣҪսԴ֮һÿһԪӤᱻ¼ڰڶ˰䲼ĸشĽ
ϳ˽ԪӤƻ˵򣬺ǼصġдüһֱܲĴڣաһ㣬мǣ
⣬ʦݣҲΪ˵Ļܣ߲й¶ȥȻˣԼҲҪй¶鷳Ƶʮϵ鵤ڹƷΧڣ̸̸ۡ㱣ܣԾⱩ¶ʦݣһЩҪ鷳
ȻˣԸ汾ڻذ׸ǵĻڿ԰ţһаȫ˸𣬸ҩӦ㲻ԸܵҲǿڿ԰һЩ֣İȫͿԼ˼ˡ
ҶɫֵģˣһԪӤȥ
˿ף˶ԪӤƿʮҪõԪӤеõΪ¾޴Ĺѫ
ҲѹѪĻ鵺ϣʿϹű֮ͣӼմȥΪ˵õǲ˺ħ˹ڵԪӤ
ͬ⣬Ž䳤ƣҶصС
ҶشУؽһƴĺɫơ
ΪأӲޱȣҲ֪ʲôʡ
öƵ棬һ˺Ѵ󺣣˵ıʶƵı棬š˱ϵ䳤ϡɾϽ֡ƱأŸɫϵķġ
һԪӤʮԪӤҩģúоɣսСͨʦãҲʮ鵤ȹʮ꣬Ӵ֮󣬱ҪʼΪԪӤˡ
ʱֽһװҩĵĴó
ҶɫһϲԪӤĵҩġ
ţȥٺǵĸ̸󿴿һԪӤ䷽ڽʡٵ顣
Щ˵Ĺ£ڰѾˡ
üĿԽͣԵ÷УھԳݣһ˽£һģ
˵
Ҷһɫδ䡣
ԪѾ;ƿݵĵزȫһǿ֧ţָһ㣬ֻɻˡһȥ˱λܿ콫ɹʿ̳СһλȨأһ٣Ҳź
˵ˣȴһֻ̾ǷĲ°׸ֻ¾ʹ˥ȥڸһףպԪӤϽ˵ķݶ֮⣬ӦûĶࡣϣܽһС֣׸Ұ׸㹻ĻرȡԪӤ
⡭Υ˽Ľ𣡣
Ҷһ
һȥɹʿ̳бλ϶ٽԪӤ׸
ǺǣڵȻ֪Υڳ²ߣҲʵΡһȥ󣬰׸˥ѾǱȻõһЩԪӤôάָһЩ
ЦҲû˿Աڣڸ̸̸ҶʲôҪ󣬾ᣬֻҪģ޲ʡ⽻ףֻҵֻ֪֮Ҫõ֪֪аա
ȻҲԼһ˽ģϣԼĺãڶάָõĵλ˵պ׸ʱת˼ʿлʶλ

ҶسĬ˺һ
ڣֻλ׸ԪӤʿȷʵõĻ©ҪǣֻҪһղӵмȨ˱벻Ӧѡ
ΪҶزӦʱڿˣԸһæԸס
˵
ȵϣҲ¶ϲɫ
һͷѾ˽𵤾Ž۷壬ֱԪӤƿ޷ɹյĴ٣Ѿֹͣһ֪ܷ֣ɹ٣
𵤾ŲڶɽΪ
죬Ҫɹɹ٣Ѷȿ±ʿɽҪ߳ʮڳ֣аɹ١ѾûжʱˡҪɽ٣뾡졣
лɽ٣Ӧ֮ڣͻƾŽ۷徳磡

һʱ̸֮꽻ϸ֮ľ뿪ٺǡ
ڽĽϣҲ֮
һлָ·ʲô鶼ûз
ʿмһЩ²ٺǵͼֻ֪⡣
ɶȥľڣ׸ԪӤʿڽ̸
ʦһݣʵûҪôһ𵤺ʿ۽ڡϧݡ
졣ҶԪҲŸոհ꣬һʱ䣬ԪӤѾָտɴоŰԪǰ;νպ԰׸ΪҪֻֻҪԸһк˵֮ڣһ֮ϣպؽյĳŵ


564 ǿɴ٣
׸ʿ뿪֮ҶڸһǿΪһԼԪɽǵ
֮
ҶغԼ׸ԪӤʿͣ뿪ٺǣΪ磬Ϸȥ
֮󣬾ٺǴԼǧһĻĵϡ
˵޶ԲﶼʯҲʿڴ˵ΪٺֻдԼһ̣һЩ;еʿżڴ˴ʱЪš
Ҷز̫Զֱѡ˵Ļĵøɽ١
ֹ˴Լһ¡
ԲǧգһƬѹѹƸǣƵѹԻĵΪĵĴ󺣡أѾһƬī
ƲУƴױ׹¡ǧ֮⣬ٺڡ
գߣԾ˸꣡ɲǼڵաЩ磬δ£Ʋ֮˸
ڶԭ洦ɼĺϵޣɷȺ˿ȫȻټЩҲƺƲеΣգԶԶĶܿ߳뺣У⵽
ҶڵһɾʯϥĿһƺӰ졣
ҧһͷеĺɫʬӿѾΪŨҡ
겻ͣĳյͺšƺҲ׹мΣճ֣ܵĲһη塣
һ޽ϣ׷룬һϮصĻӭȻòѾϣ鷴ƽ̧ͷգĿ͡
ͻԪӤھĴ٣ͨԪӤʿżǶԪӤʿ˵вԼ󡣳ǻڵĴ٣ɫ
յҶصĴţԼҶǰĵ
ҲûйʣΪҶҪѡطɽ١
ĵϣѾ˽һ£ֻŸͻԪӤھ磬춯ٽٵһ̡

쿴Ƕɽ٣
ٵƣƺҪͻԪӤھˣ
ҪܶɹֶһλԪӤʿˣ
ǣȻٺǲԶɽ٣Ҳ̫˰ɣ
֪ʲôˣɽ٣Ҳ±ʿ룬˶ɽ٣Ҫɱҷˣǿ
ٺǧ쳣ܿ·Ľʿע⡣
һ⵺׼ɽٰ
ΪȻγɵƷ籩ĿȥҲ졣籩꣬һ¾ɢȥˡ
⴦Բǧһۼ˽£ȴһֱƲϵǿƵƺڵȴʲô
֪ǣһղܶɽٰ
вٵĽʿӸɹ壬ɲڸ
ĽĽȴ׿
Ľʿڶɽ٣ǿȥҪǱ׸һ£ǿְ֮ùҲ޴˵ȥҪǸˣǾ͸ǵù˼ˡ
ǿԵλʿɽ֮ǰȥֺùһʿɹɹ٣һԾΪԪӤʿ֮£زĸַʹ͡
ΪԪӤĴͣڶйġ
ʿҹȥԪӤʿȴ̫ں
һգθԪӤʿƬɹٵĽƣʮֲ죬һۣЦ
¸£ȻײˣҪҪȥ˵лԵõƻ
һ˶ɽٲɣǷģʬߣǹȥ
âƼٿ
ǵȻĺȥʬһɽٵʿɽʧüˡҪ֪ɽٵʿ϶Ͼ׼߽꣬סķԿ١
ķԪӤʿ˵ҲһʲСĲƻҪײҪ
ϧǼ˵עҪա
ˣڴˣ˵Ȳÿ

ûȿĵĵ죬׸ԪӤʿסȥ·գһֳ˴һĿǡ
ƣҪٸҿ벽ɱ⡣ðɱҲûԩ
˵ԪӤʿɫʱ䣬֪ǰʿǲһͷҲҶԣԥķԶȥ
ʲôɽٰȻ붯˱Ϊɽٻݣ
ǿô֣
и̣Ҫﻹм˵˼
ǵҲ׸ԪӤʿǹһֻ־ܰǸ
һ鷢˲ʮ
Щʿܿ춼׸ԪӤʿߡ
ĵĻĵϣʮƽ

ӣͻԪӤʱ䣬ӦþڽˣҶСѣƵĺ׼
վڵϣż󣬵
ҶѾΪ磬ֱСѣаҶص֮˼
ˡΪϵһ֧ûƿӽ𵤾Ų㵽ԪӤڣֻҪ㹻ʬʬһĳ̶ȣͻƾ硣չָƣⲻʲô
Ҷعص
ڶԹ֮˽⡣ǸӦһͷʮϵǰɣ󣬵Ҳ˲٣д˹ڣٶȡ
ЦЦɽ֮һԪӤҲܰˡٲõ㱻ФС޷֮Ľס
ģԼǺܿء
ҶЦҪĲܲͻԪӤǿܲܶɹ١޶ɽ٣ʿɽ٣ܵ׽Ҫüͬʱ޶׽ٵĵֱֿ֮ʿϡͨ£Զȹٵʮϡʿɽ٣зԴٵⸯȴֻܿĺǣһΪȥ١ɽ١Ҫû٣Ҫ
˵ĲǹƽģȻûƿȴ̵ָ١Ĺ֮֮٣󲿷ֶΪ޷ɹ֮٣лΪҽ
˵ͷ

ҹ
ĵ룬ϵʬѾͻԪӤıԵ
ͻȻ׺УſһöŨҵ
öʮɸ߿գһĺڵĹâϵĹͣ쿪ʼöʬ˳
ĻǣҲӿŨīʬɷΧ
ȫڸ֨֨һƺڷ졣
ڴӾŽףΪʮ
¡¡
˽һµƣʱͻȻӿƸӦ·仯ʼҪס
٣ˣ
ҶĿâǣȻվĸ
֪ʿͻԪӤĴ٣ήŵסÿһСͨף԰һ׼Ľ𵤾Ųʿɻҷɡ
ǣŽĴ٣ҪԶʿĴ٣ԴüһãǸ³
һʱޱȽ


565 
ڰеתɫâƴΧŨҵʬͼȫͻƽ𵤾Ų۷ĽλԪӤ
Ҳ䣬µ̬һܼĹϵСҪÿһʬҺ
ǣڻεͬʱͬܵĿ¡
ͬʱֳÿһīʬҺ˳ΪһʮɴʬҺܣסϷ׼Ӳ١
ſڣ³һȼʬҺϣγһž޴Ļܡ
ҹĵϣֻʬҺΪҫۡ
𵤾Ų۷ʵʬҺܿνǿ𵤾ŲʿٿʮԪɽͬʱ͹ʬҺܣҲᱻѸٸʴٵ޷˼ֺ
ǣؼһйĿǡ
ο⻹ԪӤ٣Сͨס
ꡪ
ڣƲ֮Уһ˶׵磬ɲǼ˺ɵգ룬ڻεĸ
ȥ֮Խǧɽ촷ۡ
ףƫУʬҺϡ
ڣ
ʮɵʬҺܣ׺׶мһ޴Ŀڡ·ϣĺϡ
Ϊ˻ʬҺܣѾȥ״󲿷ֵ
ʣµĺֻǽĻԣӾ籬ѣӿٵķ졣
ӿʬܿ׵Ӱ졣
ָֻܿʬҺʬҺܲϡǵһףѾԿסİ˲֪жôѡ

ҶԶԶĿһĻ麧Ȼ
׵ǿᣬڵʵٿشнֻҲס١̫СˣԼɽ֮ʱһ׼㹻ǿķС
⻹ֻǵһףܵ׽٣ÿԸϴǣ컯Σİ˵ףڳ֣Ϊ٣ٵ
Ųæ֣ӻдȡһӲӵĸ߽׷СЩԼ糤ĳֶϵϣͨĸ߽׷ֽҪ߳ࡣÿһŷֽ棬ż临ӵķͼƣһֳֹܡǹȵȣ׵ļױģ
ҶСѣʶһ±ڵġ󷨡ǱɽķܹȾ֮λɴ뿿һֵ
ǺЦţִһĸ߽׷
ױ

ʮɫâΪϸĻâ򸯹Χ
Щ߽׷ձѿŵĻ棬أڵѸٻûΪһȼܻļױ
Щױɶ࣬ÿвͬ
ܻױֳֳ浶;޴Ļ滤ܣ죬˱Ϣױֳ־޴ͫϬǹױֳ־ͳǹ׺쳣
ִٿط
Щױж쳣Ѹͣһգۣ㽫ΧһƶĲ󷨡
µǣǵϢΪһ壬˴ͬһľһ㡣һʮױɵľͬʱŷѹƣԪӤڣҪǿҼ֡
꣡
¼ױһ˲䣬ڶ٣ں
ʮױɵĴͬʱվеĵܡǹһɫ档ʮɵĻ޶ܣ˲佫ͷϵڱΡ
䣡
ڶףǿ򴩻޶ܣ׵ನϣûɶ˺
ױ󣬸ǰȻֻÿһױĻâһ֡Ȼǵ׵Ǿֳеˡ
𵤺ڵĻױ
ҶزɺȻĿɿڴͻȻĵϵάҲùôһżױǣȫ޷ӳԲٿʮױ
ƾЩڵļױɿһ٣Сͨ׻
ңҶزñУֻи߽׵ļױ
ĵ󷨣ܹ𶫺ɽ硣ôУ϶СͨļױܹӳԪӤʿ
ʮСͨױһԪӤļױǵĹԺһʿȡҲδؾĶ֡
ʵǹ֮¡δֺ͹ǲʥͻʥʵĶٳʵûд治˵
ҶͻȻ𺳵ĸо
ڲ׹˱ʵڶɽǳףƥС򣬰׸Ҳⱱλ
һһףպѹѹУ
ֱ߲ʱڿʼһױĹʼѡ
ȵڰ˲׺꣬ʮ𵤺ڵĻѾȫѣΪƬɢڵϡ
״ȴЦΪ⡣ļ֮Сһףˡ
ʱĸѾڻױӰ£Ѹ˻Ρ
һߴʮɣε΢΢ţվڻĵ룬Ƭ׽ϡɫ帲һܼ״ǼףһƬһƬصţȫвλסǼףǿ˫צŷâ
ıϣһӨ͸Ӳӵİɫ̹ǡǸڻ֮󣬶ǡÿһޣڻ֮󣬶һǣϿԿǱܡ
Ҳ⡣
˻ΣΪʮʵ൱ԪӤʿ
Ȼһ̣еöĺջͷ­ڡ
˫Ŀ֮Уڵĺ棬Ͷ׹⡣Ȼһſڣ췢һХ͸Ʋ㣬ǧ֮⡣ԪӤʵȾ󲿷ͬλĶʿޡޣҪǿ
꣡
ھŲףڴպһºϣһžı졣
һ±ſڵϡ
ǣһκȴδ̫ܶ˺
ѾԪӤ죬֪ǿӲ˶ٱСͨһСͨףܹˣȴɱ
ֱӲһٵСͨס
һСҡҡλεվЩĿãȻĵȥ
ѾյƲɢȥĵ¶
Ŀ⿴Ҷأһ£ƺڻʲô
һƬççɭ֣ܵҶðȳ󡭡һʿסȻҲǲκˡǸʿǰһģһ

ĿͻȻмѵķһȻһȻʮҶȥ
Ҷ΢΢һȴվԭδü
ſ£
ͻȻһȣĳһۺΪһʮɵľƣոջζɽ٣ʮĸڵϣá
ĳһͷ­ڡ
Уܿ׹ʧججعãȻ
Ҷɵֵĸǰ
ڻָ֮һЩǡΪڽڣ޷ԦǵԪӤڹѾǳ״ݻ٣㷴亦˼ˣڻЩǰȥð׸ʿȥʣµ飬Լˡ
˵
лԼ
Ҷؿһ޴󰭣㽫޴У˵
ܿȥ
Ҷ׸ԪӤʿͬ£Ȼٺǡ
ĵȻвʿǰȥ̽ȴʲôҲûз֡ⳡɽٷ粨ĿȥҲ죬ܿ㲻ע⡣


566 սﱸȫ
֮
ٺǡ
Ҷϣ϶ƵһѾ׼ȫ¹ȥȡ
գѪɫ̸һƣҴҶϸլ֪Ϣ
Ѿһˣ
ҶһɾѪɫ̸󶩻Ѿ֪˶ʮꡣʮսȫϣҲΪ档ٶʵѾˣһֱǱδߴѪɫ̸Ķȡ
ƣȥһ˳ڵѪɫ̸Ѫɫ̸Ĵڣҵһֱĳ¹¡
ҶԵȣȥֿȡܿ
¹¼ҶλˣæЦ
š
Ҷ鵭Ȼ˵ͷ̸䡣
Ѫɫ̸ʵۺһַǷǰȻʿڶࡣһյȴһ˿ͬѰ˶ʲô
Ҷ䣬ܵգ΢΢ò졣
˵һ𣿡
ʲô£
˱Ѿʮǰڰ׸ˡڱѾ𼫴𶯡Ϣٺǣʮˡ
ˣ˵ԪӤΪһ׷͵󷨣ĺһɽĶûͻƻھ磬ҲֻԪľĽǧ꣬û˼ǵˣ
֮ǱĴλҪ˭ݱ֪ļɹϽȵȣǧ꣬ʵۺѾһ£˭Ҳ˭Ҫӣ
ûأʸλļλɹĹļΪҡϢ˵һΣҪչѫλⱱλֻʱȱ
ʲôѫ
⻹˵ȻѪ̵Ĺѫˡ񶫺ɽʵѾָһֱŵѪȥ⹦ѫСȫѪΪɱޣǽɳǣĹѫ
ѹˡħѪɫ֮ƵɹԪӤʿѪ
ǣλȱţ˭Ʊϵڶɹ
˵ĳ£ȱˣʵӴĳڣҲʲôӣ
㣬кüλ˺ħ˵;ͷԪҲֻʣôһ¶Ҫµɹ̳дλεĸλͷҲҪʵ۷壬һһѪɫ֮ĿȨ鵺
ЩЩʿҲû̫ϵĵǣսһҪʿ
ǰڵΣսҪ˶þҪˡʱЩСʿˡħ˵֮Сһ̣ѲⰡ
Ҷڴڣ⿴Ź̨ڵķԾһЩʿŶľơ
ԣβһ٣ĬĬȴ΢΢һ̾ǰȥ
ϴεʱѾܸоԪѾǷԪ֮ֶ˼꣬Ѿʵס
޷ߵľ磬Ȼ˵һΪﵽԪӤڵǿʿ
вһɽȸС
޿ԼֻһʮԪܴﵽ𵤾Ų۷塣
ܹԪӤͻԪӤھϣӦǺܴ
ԪӤھ֮󣬻£Ҫȥھ硣ܲͻƻھ磬˵޷ͻƻڣôֻܻһǧ꣬Ҫһš
ҶϣһѾɣһ£Ƿ©
¹µͻȻ
ҶػȻѣ˼лعͷ¹£һЦĹ
ã
Ҷʶٲ鿴һ´ڵ
УûһʴԼһǧƷʯķá
Ҷص˵ͷȷ
лҶϣԺϽʲôֻѪɫ̸°⣡̸Żݵ˽ۿۣκ̸󶼸ߣ
¹̼üŪ۵Ц˵ţְһװʮʯĴҶصС
ҶصһЦֱ¡
֪¹Ϊܺķѽھ޶ʯսϽĻһˡ
ҶպôҲδֱͣ˵˵һУ̸ؿڷ磬¶ȥҲϣκҺ͹󲻻еڶ
һһʽ೤ϷԸģ²ҵֲٰ졣°һؿƿû֪Ͻڱ󶩹սҲκ֪ʽ׵κϸڡ
¹æ֤
Ҷ⣬뿪Ѫɫ̸ص˳еĸլ

Ҷϸլڡ
Ҷغͻʸװսļʮڿһϡ
սΪǧСʮķԽеƣʮַ㣬ʦƺеĳ
νЩǧƵװһСͨսȴһΪӵ顣ΪҪǧƵͬʱЧãǲٿһô򵥡
ЩսͼֽɡսǼΪҪսԷɹضҪܣй
ҶûнӱڵġսڸСͨսͼֽѪɫ̸еսʮͬսͼֵֽ
ҶЩ
ʣһ裬Ǿǰеսװ
װսҪԶ֡
Ϊ˸ս֮ǰսҶѡƵһСսΪսΪСͨսս׽죬͡
ҶҲ¶ĹѫֻҪԱС
ҴսٶȺͻȡʤõʮ̨ͺڣսвߡսУ㹻ķٶȣܼ֤Լ
ֻСսȲѪɫ֮Ŵݵ㣬Ѿ٣ߴɡǧɣٸڿڵؾϹս
ؾսһսķѵʯ֪١ħ˾ͷսݣսмްԵĴڡ
ҶûʵҲ̫ע⣬СŵСͨս
ǣսɣһֻһĶҶլԺ¡Ҫٺڣصװע⣬
磬ȥһڽ춴װҴս
ʸҶЩ˵

ҶĿһ
ٺΧﷶΧǧټƵĸǿ֮ΪСֻʮɣһ齸ʯֽûȥעʱĺϻĵȫͬ
ЩңûʲôȻҲû˭ȥھסֻҪһǮܴٺǵĹУʱ
ҶػһʯٺǴһԲСΪһꡣ
˵ٺǲʮڳǳΧѲ̫İȫ⡣
ҶغͻʸٺǣСϣ㽫Բĺʶ̽һȻǷƽ˾һͷܲвĺӰ֡
ҶغͻʸŷĺֱڵϸʵĽʯпһɵĶӼʮСʹУǧСʮڿտĶڡ


567 ս
ҶؿŶڣĿţѻɽǧɢŸɫϢɾ̾
ͻʸһۡ
Ȼ֪սװľͷǿ֮࣬ͷ𺳡
ЩķڲɹʮϵԭϣֽƳɷϸ󷨡װҪķһѪСѹͨʿ޷ӵսҲֻɹʿſӵս
Ҷشһ֪;ЦŸ̾ûսװͼֽӵЩҲ֪ô
һҴսװСͨսߡԪӤµʿѾǷĶ֡ʹԪӤʿ㶷ҲȫԶݶȥ
ʸЦ
ţʼװɣ
Ҷص˵ͷóսУ״սͼֽٴοһ顣
Ȼݸʸ
Ҷ֣Ȼǧץ㡣

ɵľ޴ǣڶڵİС
ʮǺԭľƵĴǣȫīӲ쳣Ҳ顣Ѿάȹ̡ǿ֮󷨡
սļװ塢Φ˷緫ȵҪҲи󷨡
漴һУڶ֮Уɳһװȥ
Сսװͼֽڣֱ̫࣬װˡ
ʸɿĿһװͼֽȻҶһװս
ҶغͻʸҪģǽЩһһװϣӺƷʯΪսṩսɲͬзɣ󷨲ͬʯҲȻͬ
սǽϵװϿϵ󷨣ʮͺǽϵԷͷ緫Ƿϵٷм׾߿ܡ
ƴḶ́ҶغͻʸˣҹԼգ˳һµʱ䣬ŽҴսװɡ
Ȼķʱ䣬ǿսÿһλ󷨵Ϥ˶ҴսĹܣνָơһսҲ̷Ĳλ
һ֮һĴսڶ֮С
ҶغͻʸŻ깤Ĵսţеļͳɾ͸Ըӡ
ƾ˵Сͨ״սߴһɣɡɫǺԭľϣܷǿӯܼսķٶȡ
һ߽ϵƴ׷ΰ׳ͬʱҲǼޱȣԳ䵱ײǣɽײѡ
սʵΦ˺ͷ緫ǷеҪСͨϵ󷨣ɴеʯΪ緫
࣬պһ˫ľɫ
Ҷؿսͼֽϵ˵սſһ˫޴ȫķ緫ʱٶȡԣȵϷϵԪӤʿȫԦͨɽС
սʹڸսУҲٶȡԶߵս
ǡսֵҲΪʲôҶزѡսҴսҪԭ
Ͼܷٶȿ죬սиĻᡣ
ڴսĴ̨࣬䴰ڣԷСͨڷھ޴ڿڣͶϢһ
սװϣһΪؼĴ󣬿ԺͶɳǵĴͬ򲻵ѵ£սͻض
սǰһСŵķ緫дšˡʹ֣Լ󺣱ʶ
Ҷǿ־Ūȥġ
һʿһ۱֪ĳλʿսҲڴսзϡڶɽ磬û˸ȥ˱ʶս
ǣûҰϽıʶŪȥ
һϽĳײ˵޹ūȵȵԪӤʿԼҪù
ڴסļװһսķԼʮ취ȣб޻
ͬʱϻż߽𵤼׾߿ܺʮܡЩڵļ׾߿ܣÿһ߶ķ˽ǧʯҪʿսһĹЩܣͨڴڲսٻս
ڴڲͨս̫ҡҡҡ᷿ʯңȵʮ䣬һ㣬ȫһСסլ
װСͨսʸȫ̲УһΡȻսƱˣڶڣȻЩԼ۾
Ҵսˣ
ҶزһԼЩƣ˫֣ǰսе㡣
ڽ߲㣬Ҳ߲۷ˣֻҪʮܴ꣬ﵽ𵤺ڵ۷塣ʱ׼һЩɴٵķսսսϵģ򲻵ѣڴ𻵡
ۿɴ٣ҵԪͱı˫ҪȻɹ٣ֻ»ԶԶҴʱףܻݻٶɽõķǵԪƲףȥӲٿҪһ׹žͳԽСͨҪԪܴ߶ͬʺϡ
ţôսʯѾ壬ʮ鵤Ҳ˲ʯǲȥٺǷеĸ̸󿴿ɹһЩɽõƷõĴԼ
ʸ˵ͷЦ
Ҷóһʹɳսװ˽ȥͻʸ뿪ʱĽ

һ֮
ٺǣУ̸
Ҷϴݹ٣ʧԶӭ֪ҶϣǺһ鵤ǹ
̨һλƷĹ£һҶؽ̸߹æķеĲյЦӭȥ
ҶΪ˳Ｏսľ޶ʯʮٺǵĸ̸󣬳˲ٵľŽ鵤ȻҲ̸ֻҶسΪʦ֮󣬷ûˡ
ǹ²ҵҶʦ̸Ծȹ̵ĲԴǷΪϱ
£
Ҷ΢΢ͷ
λǡ
΢΢Ծ
ҶζĻʸƽʱҲʶ
̸дʿɫŮҲĶˣʸʳ׵ģȴ治Ҷغͻʸ˵̬ҲЩµ˵Ĺϵ
ҶϵܵŮӣӦҶˡ˵ҲһλʦҶϲŻ˶鵤ۡ꿴ȥǳȴΪ裬ʵţ
а뵽ϵɫҲɸӹ
ҵķ˻ʸϡ²֣ҽɹһЩ𵤺ʿʹõķͷ֪õó㹻ı
ҶصЦ
ܲʺϵķ̫⡣
ħѪɫ̸ڶ͵̸̻Щ̸Ҫȥһ˵ģ϶ҵٶɴõķ
Ҷ˵ЦˣҶϳ󣬶Ա̸˽⼫ҷ̸۹ģȷʵȲ̸̻󣬵ǺõķҲҶҲʵˣ̸µһȵȣһЩϡѵõıҸ˵һУ
һ㶣Ҷ˵ҪɴϲЦ


568 أϣ
Ǿ鷳£Ҷ˼ʶһ¹Ķ׷ˣ
ҶصЦ
λ룬ǵ̸᷿
Цʾ⣬ַԸһ̴ǰȥ׼ȻŶ̸ϲȥ
Ҷغͻʸ㣬һݻĹ᷿
֣ʱ᷿ڻ֮
һصġꡱת᷿棬תһŵ߼ܡ
˵᷿˵Ƿչҡ
һľ֮⣬᷿߼ϣǸɫʢߣȵȣʢŸɫɽȨȡܵȵȷ
ÿһ磬â裬ʮɫת˿ۡ
ҶزĿһ´Щ⻪תĶһߺͻʸ̸ţѡеķ
ЩƷ׼ߣǾŽԭƶھŽ׷Ҳǽ𵤺ʿʹõǿ
ǣǲδ롰ԪֲϣԪַͨĵģҲ̫еϧ
ǿԪҪʿԪ޷ֱƳԪԪͬεķǿܶࡣһ٣ֲ
̸󲻻ֱӳԪǶԪ
ֻ͵ķһδ
ЩŽ׷ȫɱ󶥼ʦƷƶɡʺϽ𵤺ʿʹˡ
²Թɫ̴ڶ౦֮Уȡһ߳Ļɫӣһ棬ߴСɫ죬ȡϣ˵Ƽ
Ҷϣ㿴סƵ졯ɲһϵ죬еĹƶ൱Ԫķ죬ͨʯ취ķȴܽӵ¡֪ǷҶ֮⣿
һ취ʹǱһҲֻƳһףԼĶ󣬻ЪϢ֮ʱ͵ϮǳΡһ׻ǰոյ˵ҶϽɰ
ֻһ𣿡
Ҷزü
ͱΪɽٵʱҲ̫ԶҪٵĶɽõķƼϵ죬ǾŽ׷Ʒʲѷɫ̸óĻɫ
Ƶ죬ɽӦòֻһףȴ̫ˣһҲס
ĵ죬ȷʵֻһס졣ӦǱ˫ϵɣ
²ԹɫĹ¯࣬Ȼ̽ʸðҲܸܵʸɢıϢһת˵
¾ԭشһ󣬷һܻأȡɫ죬ʵҶغͻʸǰ
ȥ걾ѹһס졯Ȼܾۼʹ߱ϵܼٷģͬ˿ѷɫ
ǾҪɣ鷳£ѡʮ׷жʮšֻҪƷ㹻ƷʲС
Ҷؿ˻ʸһۣȻΪ⣬ͷӦ
׶취з֮࣬ڶɽжƷֻ㹻ãҲûָЩжɫ
æȥȡһ㽫ʮŽ׷һȡ
ЩҪʯ
ҶһװʯĴʵ
Ҷϣĳи֮룬֪Ҷܷ鵤Щ
΢һºȴûʯ˵
ô
ҶԲ졣
Ҷϣٺǵ鵤̸ר۷֮࣬ķв٣ֻ鵤ȴʼȱټսڼˡħ˵ȵȸɹʼڻʣʦ鵤ۡټ̸ľ䵽̸鵤ʵ֮١̸ĴѰ鵤ԴȻ󲻿Щ鵤׬ȡʯһ׶ϻ̸
Щε˵⣬ҶԺи߽鵤ҪۣȿǱ󣬱̸Ը۸չ֪ҶΣ
ҶԲһ
սѾǴôˣ̸ڶڻ鵤ĹӦԵס
̸ȲЩʵۺĴ̸󣬴Щ
鵤˵Ҳûʲô
ȻѾʦҲҪһЩŽµ鵤ʸа׸ǵ൤ʿƵ鵤ͬҲҪۡ
뵽һҶغͻʸһŵͷȻˣǱ鵤װɡֻҪǮʣҿԿ۸̸һ鵤
ĳʹ̸лҶϷˣ
ԣʱϲ⣬˵
뿪̸Ҷغͻʸȥٺǵ̸˿
ڣ̸ħ̸Ѫɫ̸ȵȣ̸ĸ߽׷߽鵤ʼýΣСǼۡʿڶڻʣԱʱܱս
ڣҶغͻʸѾ׼˲սƷҲõ۷ǡ
ԪӤڴ¹شҪȫ׼ɽ٣ٷҴѪɫ֮ѰһεĺΪǵĶɽ֮أȫĶɽ١
Ҷ˵֮ǰҴȻһ˰׸Ͻǲռ鱨ƽϡ֮󣬺ܳһʱ䣬ʮڣȹ֮ǰٻضˡ
ţҲã
ʸ˵ͷһ£˵Ҳһ˰׸ǵ൤һλʦֽá⼸꣬˲ٵĽ𵤣ǣ֪ǶɹûСһȥź൤
ٺǷйһˣֱӴٺǵĴ󣬴İ׸ǡ

׸ǡ
Ͻɹ
Ҷغͻʸ׸֮󣬱ֿǰϽ
ѾʮûлϽϽȴ󡣸ոսϽڣвʿʿǰ
ҶشǰϽŹ̫ܺϳϡꡢأȼλԪӤʿڴ¡
μϣλϣ
Ҷسŵšܺһ֣Ȼ˹ȥ΢ȵǣŹΪ־࣬Ŀ䣬ϢԽ͸ܴѾԪӤھ硣һ̫ϳܺ衣ϽλԪӤʿ
ǺǣҶϣЩѪˣãںλ顣
ſҶزһͬżϲɫЦΪٰ߲㣬ϽĴн󣬽޵еܿɽˡ
ҶֻεЦЦͬ׽ʿһһСͨĲܡҪܶʿΧȻднҲֻĶӵķݡ
Ҷս֮ǰӤĻϽֶһԱսֻǣսüޣò˶ñҪҶϿڴս֮ǰӤˡ
̫ϳܺҶһüĿЦ
üޣ̫ϳϣ֪ˡħˣʲôʱսʲôȷеϢ
Ҷܺ軰лɾʵսܿ㱬ҪңӤɽٵļƻ
ҶϽϣʸӴ߲ܣܺϵҲ
֮ǰ˵ͷһܴ̣һ֮˾Ѫɫ֮ʮɳǡ
̫ϳܺ˵ͷɫ˵
ÿһϵһΪҶɽѪŵĵһ
սĴ󷽰ѾȷΨһδȷģǶǵʱΪﱸսʣԱţչһ»Ҫʱս
һɳǣ̺ƴʱķѲ֪ޡһɳɣǳصĳǿҶʿʿսΪѪϽĳǳأŤתսʤܵĹؼ
ұϵҪеһɳǡ
˵˴̫ϳܺȴֻ֮̾ұϵĿǰȺסϽ޹ūλҡĴɹʤ̳бλ֮ǰκһɹٱϵȺЭԴ˴δսұϵ̫ΣءλԲߣֻһֱû취һսܵĻϵʧء
ԭô£


569 أ£
Ҷؾ㵣Щ׹ĴɹһҪᱱλһȴҪǺչսеѴ֪
İ취ȻС
ϵĴɹɸΪ񲯣֣һԸ塣
Ҷôһ仰ʶȤû˵
뵽ܹ̫ϳܺˣȻ뵽
ǸķӣǣΪλСοĴɹ֮䣬ǹ⡣һۣʲôʱ򶼿ܸɵĳ飬ڶɽ粢ټ
ȻûɹóλǾͱףǺε顣
ŶˡҶλҪ飿
ܹʵûзԸҶشѪ
λһѪҲƽռ鱨񣬻й黹ϽսѾ߲㣬Ӥɽٻʮʱ䡣ʱ䣬Ҫﱸɽ񣬲һ徻֮أȫ׼ɽ֮¡Ѫռ鱨Լս빬ƽϽλϣӰս£
Ҷ漴˵
ţҲãӤɽǴ£ġĳϣռ鱨񣬲ݴսɡҶϣʱҪһλϣɹ٣
ܹһ£ͬĵͷ
лˣ׼
ҶҡͷܣϽս
ϽһֱǻĹϵĴͨظţĸϽϽϽɹϵλԼϽƪС潣ȵȡ
ϽĸӹʿҲϽûѪԵ֮ĹϵΨһĹϵһνƽϽĺôҪϽĺô
򵥵˵˫ȡ裬˭ҲǷ˭
ҶزԸΪҪɴ٣ǷϽһ顣
ӽʿͻƳΪԪӤʿڶʿ˵Ǽ顣
һǷ£Ǻѻġ
պΪ飬Ϊѵľأס
ңҶԼ֪Լҵ顣
ڽӤɽ֮ǰ뽫ǱʵƳãֲĲ㡣
鵤ܹǱʣ˭ᶯġԪӤʿͬᶯġ
ԼΪۣȥακʿ
ԲϽԪӤʿְ
˵ˣҶһͷʮ׻иոһװɵСͨս֡
ǿԪӤʿΪԼɽṩԼʵѾ㹻ˡ
ûҪȥһλϽԪӤʿԼɽ٣ƽǷϽһ顣
ҪҲգȻѾҲö˵ʲôһöԪӤǵѴظţĽŵҪġҶκҪʱ˵
ܹЩ죬Ҷ̬ȼһ£ҲδǿȡһöԪӤҶءϾӤɽҶص飬ȻҶ˵ãҲ˵
Ҷϣˡħˣ⼸ܿͽджٴʿԪӤʿǰѪɳǡʱѪΪһ޴սǱ֮ʰ˿̴ȥְ˾Ͻһս
ģսδұҵطɽ١սұضսȸǣ
Ҷ鵭ȻӹԪӤ˳Ͻ
Ҷߺܹȴǳ˼
Ҷشʱ߲㣬Ҫƽȫ׼Ӥɽ٣ȻȰ

ʸص׸ǣ൤ڵλȥ
Ҷؽʮûлذ׸ǣеľｨѾЩ仯
ϤİУ൤ԽԽڻʸһ˿ЩĪļ
ǰЩ꣬һЩ𵤣ί൤ļλʦȥٺǸȥ൤ͬŵڵӷá
ҶʮнٵľŽ鵤üλʦִͻ൤ȡʯά൤תԼ൤ʿ
ģԼ뿪ʱ䣬൤ɴ˥
һС൤ʱʸ΢΢ȡ
ʮ˼鵤ٹ൤飬ǽλͬʦȥ
һȴʮ൤Ѿ׳˲٣ǵǸʮĶªԺӵС
ֻԭ൤ľַһʮɸߣʵȴ¥¥ҵģǡ൤ҡ
ⶰ¥ΪģԲʮĶԺ䣬൤ݽһһ͵ͥԺԺ棬ֳСһ԰ӡ
ľɽΣԼСС¯ȣµķֲš
ʿԵüΪ֣һɵľ
൤ؽˣ
ʸ൤ǰǼϵдΪԼߴ˵ط
һ·ĽýŮӣ˫ֳϥϣ°ͣڸ¥ǰʯԣķŴ૵߶ʲô
ߵשϣһɳɷݵɫꪣ˿ǷԽ¥ʿʲôӰ졣
Щ൤ʿƺΪη
㣬ʲôʱˣ
ŮӣڿȻһ̧ͷʸ߿ʱ־ϲĽг
ץɫꪣΡಡһ˲ʸǰЩӣҶ


570 ɱ

ʸһЦ
ȻŮӣϵŮһֱһ㣬δ˿̿ʮֻϲ
ʸ֣Χ൤Ĳʿн𵤳ʿ԰ƺЩηɲôˣΪ㣿
ʱ㣬ǲ֪Ҷ뿪ʮ꣬ǲڣͷʮĲʿķ󡣻ʿҲûӮң˵ڳ˸߽ʿڣϸҴ򡣡
߽ʿڣǺǣǴ򲻹㣬Ȼٴˡ
ʸȣʵλʦ֣൤ͬأλذ׸ʱ䲻һǡ
æأ˵ҪȥæǶáֻķˣ
ʸ£Ҳæ˵˵⣬΢΢ЦȻ֮䣬ƺ뵽ʲôŵһۣЩЩʧʵ㣬Ҷûһô
ȥϽƻҪһŻȽȥɣ
ʸŰ൤
ʸʦ壡ˣ
æµ൤ʿʸ֣ɾϲ׷׹
ʸʦã
൤µļλʿȻˣҲҴҴҳϲɫ
ӵŻʸ൤ĸ¥
ʸʦڴʿڴ࣬ʿֱӾʿ򹧾վں档
ʸʿȥ
൤ڵĽʿ֮ǰᵤȻⵤԬơ밲λʿһЩᵤ桢򱦵ӣѾоλ֮ࡣ
ټٲڣý𵤺󣬺ϣɽ𵤵ʿĻҲǸ߽ʿˡ
ڵ൤ʿʸҲ˼Ľη羴֮ɫ
˵֮ǰӵʸΪһԭǻʸ֮ŮǱʼߵʿڣʸڵʵѾǵ֮ķ
̶ʮ䣬˸ߴ߲ΪԪӤھ硣һΪԪӤʿǱʸԽɹΪһʿ
Ǵ󲿷˵һ߲ʵľ硣
ʦ֣ڵΣ
ʸʵ
൤Ѿټ˴󲿷֣ԭͶɹ൤ʿټϣЩ൤ͻƽƿ˷ֵС鵺鵺ֲҩģٹЩԿʼҩˡ൤൤ųʿδˡ
ǰЩǰϷרһͻƣΪʦѾ߽׵鵤⣬ʦҲѾʮλ֮ࡣ൤ڰ׸дһЩģСЩֲ԰̻ᣬѾ
ҩֲ԰̻̰ҲʲôʯֻһЩǮЩ΢һЩ򱦳ϽҶϵͷֲ԰Ҳֱ棬Ѿˡ
ʿ鵤֮⣬ǻרѪ鵤Ա˳ڲʿ൤Ѫ鵤ȻӵʯѪ鵤ʿ࣬Ѫ鵤Ҳ٣һ龺ңвٵ󡣡
õˣڵǵչҲǰࡣ
аÿնȡѪ鵤Ϊչ죬ѾǸ߽ʿ
Ȼһһʮϸ
ʸ档
൤ܾӪ̶ȣѾΪףҲ˼λʦʦһֱִ֡λܿҪ뿪׼ɽ֮¡ڵ񣬻뼸λʦʦϡ
ʸ΢΢һЦ
ʸʦ÷ģҵȶľ
ڵȻӤɽٸҪ˼ҵȴɡ
Ȼˣæ˵
ʸ˵ͷɢȥæµ

ʱ֮Ҷر൤λͬŴǱ
һûټʿۣҶֻ򱦡ȼʿ
ʦãǻ복ϣֲ˲ҩģѾʮˡ棬ҩģӦѾ졣ЩҺʦ㣬²ȥˡпյĻȥտһµϵҩԣ˳ЩҩҪȥԼáʱͬźãҪ
Ҷص˵
ǵϵͨнƣʦպã
ʸЦţ֡
лҶʦ֡ʦ㣡ǰЩʦֵĽ𵤣˳ΪʿûеĻϰ꣬պΪʿҲϣ߾磡
ۿ΢죬˵ͷơ
Ҷ򱦣һԣ˵
򱦣ǰЩԸҵҩӣѾҵˣ
ʦ֣ЩҿɴδǴ£嵥ϴ󲿷ֵͽҩӣʦҶѾˣֻǣһЩʮϵĸ߽ҩӣʦ΢ᣬʵûŪ֡Щֲ԰ҩӡ
æһһ嵥ֺ˵
Ҷҩ嵥һۣһ
ܰЩӵռ룬ҲǾˡ
ǱʵʮϵĸҩӣЩѾٺǵĸ̸ؽõټռĴͽҩӣѾˡ
УЩҩӹˣԺ൤£㻹Щ˼
ҶЦ
Ȼʦ֣׼ɽ٣Ҫòܻ
ʵ
˵ʮ꣬ʮꡣ˵ѪľʮֽţⳡսʱܴӤɽ֮󣬿Ҳδпջ
Ҷҡͷ
˵ս˻ٴʿǰȥѪҵģ᲻ᱻ١ҵʵ΢һãҪɥòײŽɽ𵤣ɲ뻹мûˡ

ǺǣǽʵŻᱻѪǰŸս𵤳ڣΪԶˣӪ൤ǡ
ҶҡͷЦ
ʱʸŰ˹˵൤ﲻ϶æһֱ£˵һȥѪ㿴
һȥѪⲻ׵ɣѪΣգһ鷳ɹ˲չ
Ҷһ㶣üͷ
ʦ㣬ʦͬˡ൤ǡҽտ¯ܰѵ¯ˡͻܰ·ȥͳ˻죬һɶ൤ĿˣҪһСûٰᣡʦܸϽˡ
ȴǴϲæ
˵ʲôأٸҶ˵С㣡
ݺݵһۣϻһίɫҶصҶ磬̫ˣҸ˴ܶѡЩʿҲȥǡҸǵʿִ򲻹ң˵Ѫк߽ܶޣҸȥɱޣǮȥɣ
ɱޣ
Ҷز㷭һۡ
Ǹ߽ʿڣսȫȵϱһ𵤺ʿңдʵڲбͻҲ̫İȫĹǡ
ʸЦ
ҶΣӦ

ա
Ҷأʸϲ˷ܵİ뿪׸ٺǣȻִٺǵĴǰѪɫ֮һݵ㡪Ѫɳݵ㡣
ҶΪϽĳϣһȺϽĽʿٺռ˶ʮ鱨Ѫɫ֮ÿһݵ㣬н˽⡣
ټƵľݵ㣬ɢѪɫ֮ĸΪεĸݵء
Ѫɳݵ㣬еһ
Ϊ⴦ݵ㣬ٷϡҲ޳ûԶѰʿʿٻȥѪɳݵ㡣зҲһʿټ
ҶҪһط׼ɽ٣ʿ˼Ѫɳݵ㣬ȴٺòˣ̫ʿע⡣

Ҷˣմٺ㳡ڶĴͨѪɳݵһʧ
ٺǣ㳡ΧԶһ¥ڡ
װ⽻̸һֱŴ޹ʿ鲻һ䡣
ģǼҶĶʮ꣬㷢ȥѪɫ֮ˡ죬װȥѪɫ֮ʿȥ͵㣬Ҷϡ̻ȥٹ
һΪ׵ʿ˵

˽ʿͷӦһҴҶʧĴȥ
ٺÿһ󣬶һһӦĴ;ݵ㡣
ҶصȻȥѪɳݵ㡣
Ƕ˸һʯ󣬺ܿʧǰѪɳݵĴУҶص˵ȥ

ٺǣΪġ¥¥̨ϸ輧޹ٹΰһֽȣһ欵Ůӷأ
ʱһ޹ĽʿɫҴҵϸ¥ΧŮӶ£ȻΰĶߣٹӵϽҶϣղѾ뿪׸ǣǰѪɫ֮Ѫɰݵ㣡еֻˣһŮԪӤʿ
ŶٺһǶʮ꣬ڿ뿪ȥѪˣҲû׷ѱʮ깦һֱ˼ȥ򣡡
ΰɵͺȣ˲䳹ָ
ԴǴѪɫ̸׻ϣҶֱӳͻһֱڵŻᣬȴҶȥѪɫ֮Ļᡣ
ǣڶɽ磬ٺǣǰ׸ǣɻ̫࣬ʩչֽš
ֻڻҵѪɫ֣֮ܶҶжд̣
˶ʮ꣬˻ᡣ
ٹǲǡ
ѶĽʿΰбɫʵ
ɱʲôƽ
ΰžһһȣǺ
ȻʿѾµΰ㣬˿ȷϣǲһͻæٹҶϣϽųƽ޵еĴнδаܼ˵˲ٺֶΣʵʵǷһĽʿκβ޹ļԪӤָҪ޷볤Զ֡ʤ㲻ߣ
ߣ޵УڱУǽֲ֮ʲôظ֮ˣɱѵǰ㣬ԼȥɣҶֶͨΣһʿĶ֣Ǳʮ𵤺ʿȥΧɱǲʲôͷۣӵù٣
ΰһ˵
ٹĵһϢй¶ȥΧɱϽϣԳܡ
ʿ˸СĽ
Ѿ˺Ƥˣ˼ɲôࡣֻҪɱˣɾƾ޾ݣϽҲ֪˭µ֡Ȼв²⣬ʲô֤ݣȥ˵˵ĳţɱģ
ΰôƣЦ˵
ң綼ҶϽĴнǱߣõϽܹʶŻһĳ֮λ
ҶϣΪȻʮֲм
ȻҪɾ㣬Ѫɫ֮£ᴫټٺûҪĵϵʿ汾ִϢай¶
ǣ
ǽʿ
ΰƶɱ֡
ߣҪǹܹϽѣ򣬱ֱɱҶأ￪öûֵĻɫӵˣ֪ǲ£ΰĵֻǣᱱλңǷ˼⣬ʱԡһ̣޹ñλ˭ҵ޹ﱾ


571 Ѫɳݵ
һ׹
ҶسһɴĹŴϡ
Ѫɳݵ㣬ǽһɽͱڣտĶС
ҶȥΧвپľɵķݣŶѪ̻ơЩȻǸ̻ᣬѪɳݵ㿪̵꣬չֲϣϡ֮
һЩʿŵ̡
ϡϡļСʿɫæԼӺϲ޲ϣʿסżҶһۣȴСľ裬ȻԳھݵڵİʿΪ䱸
СկڣԵøĻž
Ѫɳݵ㣬ٷҲƷ޳ûȻûжʿԸȹŴݵ̫ࡣѹϽʿռ鱨˵뿪⴦Ѫɳݵ㣬̺¶ѼһλʿӦò١
ҶزɰԵͷ
ʶɿɨªկӣܿüͷ
ûзκԪӤʿϢ
Ҳ̫˼ˣһݵڣȻûһλԪӤʿء
󣬻ʸҲڴϳ֣
㣬ʿĪѪɫ֮ȥҲûʲôϡ氡
ĿһΪ棬ûзָޣԭ˷ܺܿˡҴ۲ܵҶأֻһԵĻʸ˵
Щи߽޵ĺȻѰʿʿҲڶࡣȻ˴ϡ٣ôҲζŴ˵û̫Σգи߽޳ûǴУ˵ѰޣЩգȻǺõġ
ʸԣȴǵȻ´ݵ㣬Ѱʿ١ȥ
ҶԴ˴ݵ˽⣬ҲϽʿһЩ鱨Ҫ̽Сȥ򼸷ݺͼҲںѰҺ
Ҷ˵
ţ
ʸͷ
Ҷһľݵ̣һǧƷʯϸġѪɳݵ㺣ͼᡣ֮һƣֵʵΪûԪӤʿأһʿ֣εĴ;ݵ㣬̼ͻᱻٵ
طƫƧʺˡŽ׵ĸ߽޶Ҫ˵ˡһż޳ûѪɳݵôĸйһεľݵ㡣˵ˣ˾ҵطһݵ£һֲѶʯ
ǻ˫죬һûȤӣλѵӣİɣһݾķϣһ¡˺ħˣѾ䲼ɱɱһʮޣʬ͵˺ħˣԪӤһöԼƻɡҪǷʮϵޣҰɱˣǿײˣһ˾ͱȥˣһȺ𵤺ʿϻ˵л֡
ɱһʮޣһöԪӤ˰ЩҪԪӤĽ𵤺ʿǣҪŷȥɱˡǣʿܶĹʮޣ
ҶԣƤһ
ת뿪̡
ʱѰʿӣΪӴϳ֣̣һ¼Ҷء
һ㶣ɫ΢䣬ǿЦһ£ڡ
ҶЩ֣˶ԼƺЩη壬Ҳδ̫⡣ϾʿԽ𵤺ʿЩηɽҲ
ҶؼԦϣŻʸаεѪɳݵ㣬˳ոߴ
ŷ֣ݵ㽨һҺϡ
ҺΧһƬİɫѪɳ֮£ǳĴĿɺ졣
Ҷض⴦Сݵ㣬̽ȤͣԦϣԶȥҪѪɳݵ㣬ѰһΰȫĻĵΪʮǱʵԼɽٵĳ
˸٣
ҶغȻĿһ䣬ϵķٶȣɫĴʸ˶С
ʲôˣʿ
ʸһ㶣ʶɿɨȥܿ΢΢ͷ˶ǽ߲ΪʶҪȺ׷ٹĽʿǿ١ܿ㷢˸١
ѽ٣˭ҪǴ𣿡
һ˷֮ϾЩף˷ֻ̬۾Ҷغͻʸ
ѪɳݵڼһķϢһ֣ΪһұоɫԭĻϲ⣬Ÿٵ̹ġҸѪɳݵ㣬δ˵صκʿǶǴٺǣġȴ֪һɹڴҵ⣡
Ҷس˼һ£һĨЦȫ߶ϣΪһں磬Զȥ

ãҶѾָ٣˦ǣ
޹Ľʿһ
⵽ʶɨӲ̽ǷѾҶǷԥǷȥȴϺȻȫţһʱʱ
ô죿
ѾٹĿǰĵزҶϵټôٹķ˶ʮӵŬҪһաΣɾȫϣ֮أ𡣡
׷ȳȥסˡǶȻǽڣȲҶ϶˽𵤺ڵΪǶӦҲһܡٹ϶ѾõϢܿͻ޹ʿʱ򣬱һɱϽĳϣǱ޴ĺ󻼣Ϊ޹һǿС
ݹ֮󣬲ܽٹͷ֮ޣ˵õλϵͣʡʮ౼ͣ
ãô죡
һۣļ֮£Ҳ˲̫ˣŵ׷ȥ
һӣſһڷµĶ׷зڽϡԭͼʺϷеڽ󣬶ʱǣٶᵽ죬Ŷֱ׷ҶصϷз
һâһâʮԶѪɳݵڵĺ
ˣ
õĹҶؼٷɵһĵϿգ²˼ԦϺȻԿһۣͬʱһҫ⽣ĳ׷ڽɱȥ
ʸҲû˿飬Ǻ⽣ɱ˹ȥ
ҫ⽣ͱǺ⽣쬡˲߰ʮɴСҫ۵˪ɱڵļȥ
Ҷƴˣɱ
ֻҪܾСʱǱдͣ
޹ĽʿһϺȻڵɱðȻ׹⡣
һӣԪҪڽй룬Ҷض˼ȥһʿִһϵԪ͹ȥ
һ˲飡һ졣
һҫĿĽɫâݺݵĺڽײŹâ
ıԪڰм
޹ĽʿԼȻֵסҶض˵Ĺˣɴϲ֪Ҷʵйֻһʱᣬȴٹʿɱ
ҶؼһɽʰǣȴѾ͡
һӣһ߳͸ˮϵɽϢĴ˲ƿӵĻ֣ڴؿڻѪֱӷϳʿһΪ
ӣҽһʧȥֱ֮ӴӰеȥ
һٿϵɽʿ״ʱתӡ
ʸ뿪һǺ⽣ʱ󱬣ΪʮСǻʿΧ˹ȥ
һϵԪɽȻǿǱʮɽΧ޴ӵֵʿɱɴƬıꡣǱϵɽҲڽڴϣɢɽƬ￪Ƭϲһ˪
תۼ䣬ϱ䵽ǵ䵺ϵʿǰ
˵˭ģ㲻
ҶһշɽվϣĿĿŵڵϵʿʵ


572 ϵĲ࣡
ʿѾĿ¶ҶĲˮһΪϣ֮·ױϾһʿ˵³ûʲô
ޣңⲻ˶ˣһҲܲˣӾ·ϵ㣬
ʿ˫ɺ죬ɫĴЦ˵꣬һʣƺʲô̷ή˵ʱϾѻķ޷κЧ
ôˣûãҶûüأ
ɫꪣ·ʮɴĻĵϣűӵ
ҶؿʬɢŨҺɫȳüͷһ壬˵𿿽綾ܻʿڸ֮ǰľˡʿ̽ӣֻĳЩɹĵϵʿδ񣬲ı֮ġ֪һɹ̽ӣ
ڳԣӦûͬܿ׷
ʸص
ţǸ٣κáǸٹһʲô
Ҷص˵ͷɫ
µ͵ڶɽһðʿҲеˡ޹ūɹʿ㲻ֹһ鷳
⼸ɹ֮⣬;лһЩɢ޽гԹԲųʿΪԭ
ǣʲô
һ⵽㹥˭֪޴̸

Ѫɳݵ㣬ϡ
һ⻪ʮȫž޴ۣĿĽʿһһ½֣һĬԣжѸݣȻһŻʿ
ֵĳʱ˾ݵ㸽̵ʿѰʿע⡣
ˣһ˹Ĵ󣬽˺üʿ
Īʿ
Ӵ󸽽·ѰʿȺɱڵĽʿ̸ֹ䣬ȴͣ
ȺʿΪ׵һˣͷͣһһߴСĵͽ׻Һɫ档
һ˫Ѫͬʯ۾ȻһӰƮŵһ΢ɼϸСʱС
۵ĳʼڿУҷ紵δڵϡ
һɳ̫ϸС·ʿΪǳκע⡣
ʳɳк˷ܣ˻˻ĹֽһſݵСצӣָһᵽˣǸ򣬻ĳ
ߣǹȻ׷
Ϊ׵ʿһеһӣȼԦŷзָķ׷ݶȥ
治ʱĴӰʳƮĳҷɿָŷ
Ⱥʿ˳ָķ򣬷׷׼ԦԼٶȣƲߴٷС
ٹϴ˴ר׷֮õɫζĳٹ⡮ɰᡯ׷٣ҶľӵĺǣҲ·һ
еһʿЦŶΪ֮˵
һɵĻʿΰ׷ɱ޹ڽʿѾװһװαװѪѰʿ
ЩʿУ͵ҲнΪнǽ𵤺Ϊ
ߣһСϣҲҵﱾˣץȷΪٺúúǵҶˣ
ΰһ˿
ȴԱһʿǰʮһĵǿҵĶĽ𡢱ϢδֻŵʿϢ
ΰģ޹ϵϵĽӵܣҲϵٮٮߡ
˵ˣһ𵤾Ž׵ʿȻжΰ޹ĽʿȥԸϽĽʿܲΪȻ;Ȼȫעʶ̽Χһʱ䷢ǰ
ѾˣȥҶɱˣȻ֮ززѪ֮󣬱ȥ
ΰԣĿ⳯ǰȥȻһ
׷ɱҶصֶΣЯɰ̽ӡ̽һ·³ɰϲʳɰɰᣬΪ̫ͨ߳ԪӤʿһʧ
Ҫ̽ӱɱ˸ٵһоͰ׷ˡ
˿ִ̣򶷺ۼƺҶؽ֣жʱ
ΰһºԭٶȾͼ޹ʿٶٶȼӿ죬ΪʮҫĿľ磬ȫǰһĵȥ
ٻĵʬвٷƬĽս֮ء
ΰϵɰᣬʳ˵ϵɰҲᣬȴûκζȻ⸽Ѿûϲĳɰˡ
һ·ϵĸ٣ҲΪֹ
ˣѱôѪһȫˣããѪѪɳݵ֮ñȥҶģ
ΰϵһıʬ壬һ߶ʬ壬ʱı
ȴ˶ʮ꣬һգζҪըˡ
Χ޹ʿһͷĬԣͷϵΰǨŭԼ
λ޹ôҶĳˣѾڴ˵عʱһʵĮļζռߴƲд
һɵսǧɸߴƲ㣬ǿҵķ֮У
ҶغͻʸˣʻŴսһֱפǧɵĸ߿֮С
գǿҵķ
ǧɸ߿յķ൱ڸ߽׷ϵǧɸ߿յķСͨϵԽϣԽʿҲҪǿΪܳܡ
ʿͨɵһǧɵĸ߿շС
ʿڶǧɸ߿շУٸ߱ܲס˷
ԪӤʿĻǿСֵͨĻܹǧɵļ޸߿ռٷС
Уͽ׵ʿǧҲ޷Ƿɵĸ߳ǧɵĸ߽ʿ߽ʿʱӸߴһͽʿϣֻԪӤʿвԪӤʿȫ
ʵĲ࣬
Щյļ޷и߶ȡ
ͨʿУɵǧôߣװķȥֿ󲿷ֽʿϰһǧҵĸ߶ȣУһЩ
Ѿ˻ֵսǴǧɵĸ߿Ʋ֮䣬ԪӤʿеĸ߶ȣµġ
ȻȲˣǾͱҲս֮һֱδԹսһԴսս
Ҷֿطɽվڴͷ·ϵڽʿɫĮȻ
Ҷؼ޹ٹΰֵһ̣жʱɱӿΰ˸٣ʮСʿǰҪʲôѾˡ
Ҷ£޹ڽʿɶʱ̧ͷȥȫȻ
ǶڴԼǧɸ߶ȣһ·ɸ˹Ǹûȥע⣬ǧɸߵƲУǷ񻹲ʿ
УҲԪӤʿ·ǴеĿȫ޹ء
б
ãһսдڣСģɢ
쵰ҶôСͨս
޹ҲŴҶѣֻйϼԪӤ棬սƽʱֻдսŻó


573 
޹ڽʿͷ𺧣ɲǼҡ
Ǵ󲿷ʿδۼսⲻǲ֪
ΰڼǧɵĸ߿֮ϣһɳľ޴ɫսѸ֮ĵѹתۼ㽵ǧĸ߿պ󣬶ʱɫ
·ɽâʱ̳Ѫɳݵķ򣬼Ӵܶȥ
ΰΪ޹ٹȻΪ˿ޱȣҲǴӲ֮оԵĳɹգŸ޹ʮкʿǰѪɳݵ㣬ΧҶصġ
ڣһսĺճѾƿطΧ֮ڡ
ΰһ۾ϳɫ޴һСͨսСͨսǿսǲۺԪӤʿӵеķݡǽʿܹİ
ھ֮࣬ͷ
Ϊ޹ٹƽʱƴѹβƻǲŻǧʯĲѡ
ϾʿʯܶҪҪ߽鵤ڲɹƷЩҪѴʴʵʯ
Ͻһ𵤺ʿȻǳϣҲʿϽûκѪԵϵҶǴŪ޶ʯִŪһСͨս
˵СͨСսҲҪʯ֮ޡ
Ľ࣬ս
ΰûڵҪһֱҶصĶʮ꣬Ȼû̽鵽ҶսҪ鱨ͷµ̽ӣȫЩ
ɢܿս䣡
޹ʿΰѣҲСͨս֮ԥԦ˷
ȫ߶µĴսԲɫ֣ڵĻסɳľ޴ľɫ𣬴һҵ磬սϵķ緫Ҳȫӿ֮½ٶȼ졣
սźХķǧɵĸ߿մֹסһڣڻ鵺Ͽա
ͬʱսڶ׾߿ܵĲٿ£ʮСͨڣͲϵķͬʱڿУʱкۡʮ߼׾߿ܣں󷽣˫۾˸ɿĵڿڵָ
Сͨڣ۵ٶȼ죬޹ʿɢͬʱȻ䣡
䡢䡢䡭
ʮաľ죬ͬʱ
ʮСͨڣڿдʮĹɷÿһʮɴϸޱѤõĹâӻĵ޹ڽʿȥ
ЩСͨ׹žһ
СͨսԸԪӤʿʮ޵ս
ʹССͨڣһںԪӤʿҲֻܱâⱻˡʮͬʱԪӤʿϣԪӤʿûжܿĻҲҪ޶ˡ
οԸЩʵԶԪӤʿĽʿˣһھܺɷɻң
ȻˣΪʯСͨڣҲΪ£ÿһڣҪķһǧƷʯҲ൱һǧƷʯ
ʮ䣬һһƷʯսʯһڵƷʯ
սһ죬ʯˮһġ
Ҷʮ¡¡еʹ
ͱʮһƷʯ󲿷ֶڽƷʯҲŶڻʮڡ۳촬ڣԼЩѸֵķãʣʮʯ
Ҳ˵սʮ䣬ֻܴʮΡһ꣬ûʯӦĻսҲκá
ǣҶػǾ
һս֮һֱûڣȺ޹ĽʿһҴսǿպսϣԴսҲеס
޹Ⱥʿ̫ЩôսҲսپ
ʮֲĹɷɲǼ鵺Ͻ
ž
žž
ǿԵںһУʧĽʿ޴ӵֵֵԪ򱬣ɻҽѪĭû¡
Ϊ̫޹ĽʿûüĵÿһֱӺһʿмĹͬʱ˺ʿҪôͬʱҪôˡ
ʮĹһº޹һĽкʿ
ս㹻ˣԸʿҲ㹻ɱʯЩ˷ѡսֻʺϵзʮܼʱʹãܷӳ
Ҷɨս΢΢ȻȴǼĵͷ
ΰӳԶһ޹ʿһ±ô࣬ʧأʱ־ŭȻ֮ǰôԸҶصˡ
Ҷģ㾹Ȼɱ޹ôʿ㡫ˣ޹ƲɱѪҲһҪɱ㣡ΪϽĳϣ޹ͲҶ֡ɱ޹ĽʿһҪ
ΰԭмŷϣѾΪϽɫ£ҪγѪ
סٹӣ
𵤾Ž׵ʿٲԸҲ֪Ҫΰ⣬ضŭǵ𷣼ء
æߵΪϸߵʿٹҪ뿪Զսڵ֮ڡ
ģʲôŪûôףɱһҶƴˣҪɱɱ
ΰʹʧ̼ĳ׷ˣﻹҶӵСͨս
Щɶ޹ĵϵϵսʿϼӣ޹δΪԪӤʿϣЩɲϵյӡһʧˣֲġ
Ϊ˴˴жľԱܣй¶ȥټһȺʮϽʿ
һһ룬޷Ĵۡ
ٹǶ
սĻֻ֣ԪӤʿƿսķٶȣҲܼϵġɱߣӻٺ˵ȫ帲ûҲ޷Ǳ𣡡
ߣ
ǣ޹Ľʿΰȥսƴƴɡ

ƴ
Ҷزмߣ׼Ҫʶսڵļ׾߿ں׸ɵȺ޹ʿ
ɾʱͻȻüͷһȻ̧ͷոߴ
һޱǿԪӤʿϢɰԵϢѪɳݵٱƽĵһʶĵɨ
ãԪӤʿһ޹ԪӤʿˣϿ뿪˵أ
ʸͬɫһ䡣
ߣ
ҶؾȻ˲ںΰˣæü׾߿ܲսգչ޴ķ緫ս
쬣
ս˲ϢΪһɫӰһӣѪɳݵԶȥ
սٶ֮죬ĵٸԪӤʿ

쬣
һۻȵʿӰڻĵϿա
һλɫ۷ɫĻüߣ¶Ӱ


574 Ѫ
ü۵ߣһѾʧԶɫӰֿһ»ĵΧʮŵ޹ʿüͷŭϣһԷйŭ
һȺ޹ĽСʿֻΰʮ˻ҪôҷҪô˲зϡ
֪ղ﷢ʲôֻҪһĳ棬ܶٲ²
ϣôˣ
ΰЩ;壬ηĿŻüߡ
ϻܲ𣿡
üȣһõ˵һȺʿҪѪɳݵɱϽҶСϵϢ̷ͷҪ񣬼ٸ˹
ԭţһֲɾ˿Ͻõһڣ˳Ÿ޹ɱͬҿɲ޹ŵùɥʧᱱĻᣡ
û뵽ȱϸϵȻϽǳϣûɱһȺʮʿ˼Ҹɵһ룡Ǻİ
߿ΰЦǻҪըˡ
ϣҽͰҼҶ϶ʮ꣬ڵȵᣬˣѪɳݵ㡣̴ŹϽʿѪɳݵΧɱϽĺ󻼣ʮþȵ飡κϢй¶ȥ
ΰæнͣ˭Ҳ֪ȻԦһСͨս֡һһں䣬ӶһȦס
ΰ˵ͻȻ뵽ʲôĿ϶ҧгݵԣһϽµȦףҶôսսһϽģȻȻҶϼԦǰ˵أɱ޹Ľʿ˵ǴϻϽԪӤʿҪȥ˵ĳţȥǣݺͬʿ
ΰһ˵Լˣʮ޹ʿ׷׵ͷ⻰еսϣϽԪӤʿ򣬲Ÿ޼ɵĺɱ޹Ľʿ
棿㻹浽˳ȥ
üϴŭһ˦ݺݵĳΰһơ
ž
ΰһ±ˣѪݶ伸ţȴԶҿһֻǵʹͷĿ¶䲻
ʲô˵һȺʿѪɳݵ׷ɱϽҶϡ׷ɱɣ⵽ҶϵϽûԸǣ޹⵽ʿĳЦ
üƿŭҪΪ޹ٹպһܳΪҪ޹鷳޹ڣе˿ȡĵλ
ߣΪֶκˮ©һֱ֧պιλһʧʮϽʿΪ޹жϽʿʧȥ֮Լ
Ͻѵǣ
ΰƿˡ
˵ˣҶСϲһʿӵսһϽĳλԪӤϣҴϣ߻˴£ȺϹϽɱ޹Ľʿ¾ܾˣĲǣ
üɫݺݵȭͷһϽʿڱϵУҪǺƣ
ϣҪҪȥ׷˵׷սƾϵֶΣԸҳսӦܹ
ΰС
ߣ׷ʲôСͨսɵıȱϻ켸֣Ѫɳݵȥ䣿ߣȻٺȥҹ£ͷټƽϣҶˣϽܲˣһҪҪҶ㣬ҪϽ㣡
üŭ壬һ䣬תΪһɺ磬Ŷȥ
ڽʿһۣƵԣ˵ĽʿѪɳݵĴ͵ȥٶȴܶءȥ֮󣬻֪ʲôͷڵǡ

Ҷ뿪ĵʻսԶݡ
սٶȼ죬㣬ʹǼԦСͨɽԪӤʿͬʱУҲ׷ϡ
Ҷڷɳһգϵı任з֮ʼûзԪӤʿϢ׷Ҳ㳹װ
Ѫɫ֮ޱߣҪѰʿĴ룬ȫûпܡֻҪ޹ԪӤʿɵ㲻׷ţ׺
Ҷ󣬱ͻʸˣȫѰǰѪɳݵ㣬ɽٵĵ
սУҪĲٵʯ
һգһ̾ҶջشսתԦϣշС
һֱʮա
գżܼһλʿ֮⣬ȻûмʿѰޡʿ˼ĵطʿ֮䷢ϡ޵ĿԼ͡ȻˣһΣգҲָʿ·
Ҷضһ¶̺ͺͼѾѪɳݵΪĵһƬԵ
ͼϱ˴ûޣȽ׺ܵͣһĺ
鵺ͨʲôʿھסϾѪǶʿ˵ȫ
˵صЩ̶ȣȲڶĻ복ٲһЩҸѧ󷨣󷨣Ҳ㹻֮ˡ
ʸĺϣ½һЩӵС֮·΢΢ЩƣϣҲ¶ϲ
㣬ҪҵôϣҪˡڰ׸Ǵţóʿ
üϵİԶʱ˸߲޲ھҪϱȥ
ҶȴǵһЦû˵ʲô
Ȼʶ̽鷶Χڣһǧ﷽Բľ޴죬棬Ϊ
ȥ쿴ʵĻ𵤾Ų㣬׼ɽ٣
Ҷ΢΢Ԧȫ޵ȥ

Ҷطɽˣͻʸаɵľȡ
޵ϣ棬Ȼ̡
̣ΪŵϺܿڻ
ңӦòʿΪʿ¶ʳ鵤̡֮࣬Ҳ
Ŀܣ׷ڵϡ
һܣ塣
£νֲ㣬ѪҲвٲ䡣ֻǺʿĵ̣ʿϰϺǵĴڶѡ
ҶϿʱϵѾĳ
ɽ
ڰɽټ侫׳ƤڣƤס󺺣ɽĸĿɽʯ
һЩסĵͽޣЩɽʯ
ϣԵĽ
Щɽʯ壬һЩ½ͺߣɱҰޣɼʵ
ɽĶΧһžľĸڣΪۡһЩֳֹǹ壬ڸϹ
ף͵ϣסŲ壿
ϵ壬ƺɽڣ
ʸҲ̽鵽޵ϵ֣Щ壬һռѪɫֲ֮һЩ壬ҲΪ档˵ʿ޳ûټƬ޲ǿ󣬽Ϊʺڵ档ֻǲ֪⵺ϵ岿䣬жĹģ


575 Ѫ
ҶؼԦϣǧ󵺷һȦʶϸ̽һֳ￪ɽʯסɽڵ岿֮⣬ߵϢ߸߽޳û
ڵϾж壬Ͳ˵ýɽһС
˵ŨΪ棡ҵżʿ·һҲδ뵽߻סϡ磬׼ɽٰɣ
ҶЦ
ţǱչʱһ˿»ģЩ岿ʿԽơ
ʸЦ˵ͷҲͦʺϡ
лл㣡
ϲ
̽ʱҶزδϵټ
ʵ£Ҷ˹۲쵺ͬʱҲѾϸϵֻ֡Ǻ֣ǶƣΪͻȻƮƮƮƮ
ߣȥȥݷһµϾס岿䣡
ҶؼԦϣɽİɽȥ
쬡
@#%@
һʣЩľϵڷֲԾĴ˵һЩֵԣһͷż
ЩǵϮˣںϮڽԮҶ磬Ҫ䣬ռҶ֣ʿſ£
˷ܣɫꪣ˵
˵ʲôֲþڴˣֻһɽ壬סʮ뿪䣬ʲô⵺ϵ棬Ҳ㡣˶ΪΣȶռһҪ׵Ķࡣȥ֮󣬺ú˵˵յѪܹ˵Χûޣ϶в߽ʿڣ
Ҷû
ú˵ʲôã岿ֻʵǿģʵĸûᣬ¿϶ҪҽǴſˣǾͷ
ȴΪȻ
ǰڰϲ䣬ڳǡ׸ǣôɵġҪȻҲôʿųΪĸСܡҪ˵˵
Ҷ΢΢һüͷ
ˣǶ岿䲻̫˽⣬򣬾ȥһҲÿ岿ʵ
ʸʱȴЦ
Ҷһ£ջûֹ
ء
˵䣬ľкɽڴһЩɴС֪ʲôϴƵĳǹ󸫡󴸵ʿų˳
ӸгһʿһеĳìȻͶ
ಡһĳìУֱϡ
߾
õĬʱ˷ܵĽһ޴ɫꪣϷһţͬҵļһ㣬·ʮɴľľڣԾ˳ȥ
ҶغͻʸֻƽĿţδ֡Զ˵ʵԸ˵壬Щˡ
ڿеİֻɫȻһӣһɹâ׼ȷĵǱĳìļͷ

һǱìʱҷɣ˻ȥ꣡ͬûһʯСǳìûбɫֱ飬ʵȴǷǳ
ʱɵ䵽˾ľϣ޾ɫΧӿһȺֳָʽƤʿ
ʿ״Ȼһʱǰ
ǶУһʵǿŮӣһ߽ʿû뵽ġ
ôһЩнʿ壬ûи߽ʿ𣿡
ЦɫꪣĿɨʿûʲôɫ˵
ʲôˣĸʿ嵺죿
УǶˣ˵ʲô
ʿУһΪ׵ʿһָеϣ裬첻Ĵʡ
㻹ʸôңǲ峤йµĳϣң
ԣЦʱһü˵
ǿΪ߽ʿڵʵʹڶ岿УҲܵߵǰһȺСආֵһᡣ
ҶشʱҲͻʸԦϣһھľϡ
ֹס󣬵Ȼ˵תһ£壬жʿҪסһʱ䣬ҵȲ޶⣬ϣ岻Ҫͻ
ã
ͷɿתһ顣
һۣܿһ˽ɽڣͨ
˲ãּһȺʮʿΧһֳַȵĺ۳ߣɽڣ󲽳ɿҶءʸڵľľڸ
壬Ȼôĸ߽ʿ
Ҷطɿ쳯Ⱥʿɨȥ΢΢һ
һȺʮʿߴ󣬸ѪͭһǿŭĿԲɣɷʮ㣬Ȼһɫĸ߽ʿ
Ҫ֪߽ʿڵϵսԺͽʿȡ
ЩѾ١ɽڣ϶ûĸ߽ʿ
Ҷͷ֮࣬Ĺģʵ˸Ʋ⡣˵Ĳ䣬һ䣬޷˶ĸ߽ʿ
Ҷһ۾ϳЩ߽ʿмǺ۳ߣһʦ
Χʿŵ飬Լʦ̬Ȼʦڲĵλߡ
ԭλ˼٣ʧԶӭǴ˲ĳͼɳ֣˽١ҲЩѪɫ֮սʿٺʿðλɳˡ
ǺʦһҶض˵Ŵ磬֪ǴӶˣɫùЦ˿˵ģȴǶʿԡ
ͼϣǶʮ֮һ岿䣿ôѪ
Ҷ
ɳʶ㲩Ҳȷײ֧ҲΪλ˵⻹һսʱڣļ棬涫һѪս
Ҳս
Ҷɫ죬ǰû岿Ҳսеɴ伮δἰⷽ顣ֻἰʿ֮ս
ս϶˺壬ҲʿȻǲսҵȲʿһЩ֮ľȴԵΣʱҲļλ棬ǰѪǡֻǣΪĳЩԭ˻˶Ҳûü˻ȥȴɢƬҲļ棬ƬҲ޴ִ֮㽥һ䡣
ͼʦΪΣЦ
Ҷ΢΢ͷԭ
ǵʱ˳ˣ˲ȥЩɢڵϵ壬ֻܰѪλ£ʧһЩҲʲô¡
˵󲿵棬һսʱȻûйͣҲп͵ġҶʿ͹䣬ѹϵѪ;˵أ˵ŨҴɽյˣ⵺һ˵ɽ壬һסһЩ꣡
ҶصЦ
ðɡ˵Բǧвٻɽɳѡһؽ춴סЩǡ
ͼʦɫ䣬ܾȴԿڡ
˶дܣܷ뺣߱ߣǳǿƣǰλһҪڵϽ춴ҲסңҲ
ǣպҵھӣдˣ
ʸЦһ֡
ˣ̸ˡҶ磬㣬磬ǵȥͰɣǰûײʲôò׼ײһҪȥ
һתһ⣬һЦ㳯ɽȥ
վס
Ҳصأ˽룡
߽ʿʱȻɫ׷ֳֵǹ׼ҶغͻʸˣϷˣɽڳĶڡ
ǵɫҪӲĻҪƴ
ȣҲʩªλɳĿɳڵѡöԵŰݷã
ͼʦҲɫɿһæ֣ǿЦ
ҶɻĿŵĸ߽ʿǿЦͼʦ
ײɽڣʲô˼Ķ
Ⱥ߽ʿʿȽףǵıΪɫһ̽飬ⶴھȻ᫣̽߼ʣ֪ģжôӴ岿䣬ʵӦǼǿ
˵ɽٵģҲûȥ̽ײء
ߣ
Ϸɿն𣬷ǧ鵺ԶѰʺϿٶɽȥˡ


576 ϸ
ҶؼԦϣڵշһȦʸһ岿ס֮ԶΪɽ壬˱㿪ʼɽϿٶ
ҶصĲٿ֮£âĽҫ⽣ɽеһ˽ȥͬиһ㣬ʯпܿɽ帹ٳһɿռĶ
ʸ̶ֵϸڡ
е˰˾ʯץһ޴ɽʯ˵ߣȥ
˺֮£ܿɽϿٳһ
ΪһСҡ
ʸڶڲһо鷨ܵľۼ鵺ϵ
ҶغͻʸסңסңڱչˮҡľңԼΪҵĻҡ
ٻֺú󣬱ɻʸͰӴȡ׼õĸɫҾߣаáϾҪڴ˵סܳһʱ䣬ɽҰһסʲôûеҶ֮С
⣬ʸɽĶǰһ󷨡⻨ľһ糣޺ۼɲ顣ڶڣúķѴʯõ죬󷨣
ʹԪӤʿ;ִ˵أ򶴸ЩҲԵһʱ䣬Ӧʱ䡣
һɺԭŨɽ壬Խƣۼ
ҪɽʲôͬѰ֮ȴǼѡ
ٳҶغͻʸ㿪ʼ˸
ҶҪչר
ʸҲ˽߲۷壬嵽𵤰˲ıԵҪӽ
ڰ˲ġһˣһûԹң˵ϾסһӴ岿䣬ͬ壬ҲʲôΣա
Ҷءʸչأ뿪˶ǰȥ岿ˣ

Ҷ²õڣϥ
һУȡռǱʵĸҩĵӣȫϸڣʶɵϸ֮С
Ƭޱ޼ʵĻУľ𵺡ǣƮĸš
һŽ𵤵貵Ԫ񣬷ɳľϸԪ񱮵ĹַΧľСݴСݣ˴ҩӣһмʯľУֻҪʯֵܿ
СݲԶҶ⻮ֳһֲ򣬶С
һźʼҶضôʯ£Ѿ죬Ѿһڹӣֱǽľˮ
ɫҫĿӯΡ
ҶҪģеһöӡ
ǱʵƣӦԵΪҩԴĸҩơͬӣǱʵӲͬǱʵ㡣ӵԲͬѡĸҩҲƹ̼Ϊӡ
һöǱʵֻһӦ
ҶصԪƮĸ˼ӡ
ΪܹǱʵֲʧ⣬Ѿ˼ŬѪ
ڣеҩĵӶѾõֻ֣һƳ鵤ˡ
СͨʦˮƽȻûжգ
ӸߴʮסǱʵ֮컯ǿʿеѶȿ֪ҪСͨʦˮƽнϴİա
ֻȴﵽСͨʦڣнϸߵİճɹơһĻϵһգҪѼʱͲӡ
Ҷҡҡͷľϻֳһ򣬽ĵ£ֱӦʯĩġ
ȱһϵܴﵽʮŵƽ⣬ͻԪӤʱ⡣ڵ֮һöϵǱʵ
ñﵽʮ㣬ҪУʱ޷ʵ֡
ҶؿŻѿӣ˾ʶ˳ϸ
Сͨʦڡ
Сͨʦڴﵽڣ̲ûʲôѶȵƿȻҲûκνݾߡֻͨϵʮϵҩȫĳ̶ȣ
ھ󲿷ʦ˵ⲢסΪʮϵԪӤҩ٣ҪǧòǸɹֲ԰Ҳû̫ʮϵҩġ
ңҶľʯֲߵȽ׵ҩġԻշϵܵʧ
һ£ҶӼ
ľʮһʮҩģǿ߽׵Сͨ
ǲִٿɳɵ飬ҶزһʱơҴһ£ȥɢľһ
һգҶң
չسˣǰգͼǰݷã˵ϣܼһ棬̸һ̸ڱչأұ˵ЩټȻȥˡ
ʸڴڣҶسӭ
ͼϣǺǼɻ䡢ô
Ҷز죬üͷ
Ǻļǵãλͼһһ̬ԼʲôӴһûææЩŹ֡
ͼ˵ʲô飿
˵ˡ£˵йϵ£㳣ȥǸ岿䣬ʶ˲ٲˣ֪ôõײ峤ڼλϵĻġǵ峤гϣϣܹײΪеʥŮ˵ǻᾡȫ
£ֻҪԼˡ˼ûУ
Ҷسһ£
ʹ˵ǰϲ峤ûĲ䡣ͼΪ飬ϣø⡣ڶɽ磬嶼ʿȨʿͼϣͬ⣬˵Ը⸶㹻ĴۣҵʱЩֻǰھӵ֣û߳𡣡
ʸҡͷ
Ȼͬ⣬ǾûҪˡһѪɳݵ岿䣬Ҳʲô˵Ĳ䣬ȻΪʥŮҲû塣
ҶزЦ
ڶǼ岿һʥŮȻλȥ󣬵Ҳûʲô
ȻҲǸͼʱұͼϳġ
ʸЦ
ţ£㿴Űɡ

Ҷغͻʸ̸괦ײº찶ߵһ齸ʯ֮ϣٺȵĺ洵Ҷؾ΢΢һ
źգԾһƬ˫Ŀһʮһ鵤ľ͸
һ󲿷ֶʧܶաǣΪʧܣõľѵࡣ
Ҷһһһҹһؿľһʯһ㡣
գ峿ĵһͶҶʱ
Ȼ˫ۣоת˵鶯Ϣת˲š
Ҫǣ˸ĸ
ҶƮȻڵɽȥص˶ڵ׼±չء
ңƮƮҩ㡣


577 ײ֮
Ҷһչǳһ֮á;ÿżأǳݣͻʸݾһգɢģֱչǱ
סϵ鵺ϣһֱ޴£Ҳȥעɽ顣
ڼ䣬ͼҶضչزδᡣ
ֱͼϵھŴţڶȺ˽һ£ڼ˸ճҪΧɢĵҶء
ɳɳ
ͼһҶسҪϲæɱ
Ҷزͣ£俴ͷЩգȴֲú߳ȡϾ⵺ײסţҲǴ˵İˣסҲùڵ
ɳĪᣡ峤λɳǰҲ帰硣£ɳǰϾסһֱĽɳǡɣÿʮžٰһʢ硣峤Ѱ˼ɳ˵ôãһֱûдвɳǰȥ硣
ͼ׷Ҷصĸǰ
Ҷɫ
ʲôʮһεʢᣬŷӣɣø̸ײ
鱾һС£ԼŰˣԸԸⶼԼ飬Ҳûϡ
ֻǣһССײȻöȴʮջֻһŮǱһֱΪãҲûаһŮӡ
ôĵطǲӭ˽ôҵȥˡ
Ҷز䲻ȵ˵
ɳˣֻ֮ǰʩڴªңɳĿڲס֮أѾȫװһ£峤Ÿǰλɳ硣
ͼЩΣǺƤҶƺûи˼æֻǵ룬˼аԣԸ׺䣡
ԣԶʿ˵Թģٵʱϵ׺䶥ǼǱɡǶһٵ˵Ҳû˵
ҶصĿͼϣһ£ȴðɣϾסãһֱδݷò峤λϣ˴θ磬ǰȥݷһ¡
գڲס֮أλɳ٣
ͼ¶ϲɫ˵æǣʮ߽ʿĻ֮´ҴȥҶػᷴڡ
Ҷȴ˼
֮ԻӦҲᣬһײĵϸжʵպɽٵʱΪײʲô

ա
ҶؼԦϣͻʸɵ岿ڵɽ壬ھľ¡
ڵļѾ֪ǻδӡ
ʱͼϣеһЩ߽ʿҲѾȺ⣬һŵĺɰƥ¹ǣýĵͽš
ɳ룡
ͼϼҶصЦ
Ҷءʸɰƥ¹ݣʮ߽ʿǰ£ʻȥ
ˣɽɽһխͨɽ֮С
ɽ䣬Ѿٳһ޴ĶߣΪӣ飬ݺύǧͨһӴĶȺ
Ҷʶ΢̽˹ȥߣѾᴩɽӴ˾˵ĵزҲٵĵطƺڣ޷̽顣
ڣʯľÿһξ룬һھ䡣нʿΪڷϼΪɭϡ
ͨɾ޴ӹ̵ʯ֧ţıȼŵϵĻѡڵơʯ䣬ǶһЩ޴ĺ飬ȻƷһ㣬Ϊϻ⣬ҲĶڵƻͨ
ҶΪ̾ɽĸڣһΪģһģɽڳǳءʯľϹľд̣ˮһӦȫ
ߵΧͨڣ¶һЩ̽ͷ̽ԣηŮЩƤͨ塣ڲ̽ȥŽһЩʿǵľʯݣҲҪࡣ
¹һξ룬ɽߵǰϵĳ˼
⼸ƶ¶ߣͨԶ
⼸ʯΪؿڣؿ϶вٵʿǵǾѪ֮ǿӦöǸ߽ʿЩȻǼΪҪĶͨ
·ЩʱҶԸоͼϣ¹ǳеһȺ߽ʿë׽ս˸еıƺ΢΢ţȴֲֳ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ײĶڣȻһЩ弫ΪҪĶ֪
ʶ̽ȥ
һֱʮԶ⼸ɽ
һ֮̽£Ҷаȡ
⼸Ȼߣ̫ۣɽȴСײڿ֮£ڲռǴþˡ
Щ嶴евͬ
һȻǴʯͽʿڿøֲɾߣȡʯ
һȴһ͵ҩֲأ·Ϊʮ㣬ֲŸֵҩġУҶ֪ѪֲѪȽ׼ߣѾֲܾˡ
Щͽʿڳʯ͵ҩֲԣĥɷ飬֮䣬ǿҵǿԵгЩҩܹĸ졣
⣬ɽڣһþʯɵټ֮ڡд۵ʦ鵤Ƶ鵤ĻӦǰѪ鵤ڣܹǿʿ鵤
һЩҶزʶõ鵤֪;
һɽ壬һֵĺɫʯͽʿЩֵĺɫʯڳ˵һıұֱͨػһֺɫĽ洫û
ƱǸ߽ʿнʿЩɸʽ
Ҷͷ𾪣ȴĬȻ
Ѫ
ɽڵֲ֮࣬ĴƬƬѪһѪ鵤õġײܹѪ鵤ǵʿáˣײΪʲô˶ĸ߽ʿ
ټıұÿնƳٵıѹ֣ı侫ɫꪣҲδһ°ǵıٵ
Ѫɫݵ岿䣬˴ģʲô
Ҷʸȥ
ʸȻҲѾ̽鵽˲ٵ͸¶һЩɫ
ײҰģֻ£ǰ˵ģֻһѪײ塣
ʸʶ
šȿ˵ɡֻҪӰǶɽ٣Ҳع
Ҷصҡҡͷ
ײʵԲһɹֻǣƺûʥʿûԺԪӤʿʥʿײ޷κһɹ⡣
ղŴԵ̽һ岿䣬ӦôԼвʮĲڣڶʵһͨͲ䣬ģ̫
Ҫ֪ڵİϲ壬Ҳһʮ䡣Ǹûеĸ߽ʿֻһнʿѡ
ײĸ߽ʿĶ࣬нʿǶҶȥ


578 츳ʥ
Ҷʶɽߣϸ̽һ顣
ֵڱΣ޷֮̽⡣Ѷڴ󲿷ֵط̽һ飬ĬײʵҲ˸˽⡣
ЩҩֲԡұӦþ岿ˣ
Ҷа
˿ʮ岿䣬֪˶£ѪӴӵɽءܹĳ̶ȣڶκһ岿䵱УԳƵʵǿĲ䡣
ڵ棬Щصʩ
ҶһʼִʱҲֻǷֵпӵʮнʿЩͽ׵ڲԶѣûȥ롣
˵ĲײԺҰġ
ңһֱڲԼҰġ
ײͼϣԶʿΪϤӦ֪ʿʶֶ̽ΣʶԶ̽顣Һͱⶴߣ϶ᱩ¶һֱҪصĲܡ
ôֻһܡǲϧðű¶ܵķգҲҪɸĿġĿģ϶йϵ
Ҷһƽ˼
ǲҰġ
˵ײó

ˣҶɳ룡
ƥ¹ŵĺݣʻ붴һΰĴǰͣ¡
Ҷغͻʸ
ǰʮɴֵľʯֱͨڶ
ǰһֳֳǹʿ侫׳ɱ֮
Ҷذͷ⵺ϲײĵˣɱ֮Ǹ޽ɱŻġ䣬ûȥɱޡ
ȫĶһֲڣǽڶǾϸ̣ʦʿɱ޵ͼıž޴ĺб飬⻪ҫĿϣŰ˾Ž׺ƤƳɵ̺ӣƤƳ档
𶫺˵Ϊª
Ƕһϵ岿˵ݳޡ
Ĵڣܹμⳡ˲ֻ࣬岿峤ʮʦϣԼ߽ʿ
峤ڴףͬһʦòϣЩݣΪĬԣǸϲŭɫ塣
Ҷؿ峤ǳ
ͼϣֻڳеһȥλĸߡ
Ҷֻɨ˵ڵײ峤峤һۣͻʸ׵Ŀ¡
ײ峤ʦϣʿ󺺡
ǶҶءʸľ⣬ʵֻͣڶ˵ľϣûжη֮ɫ
Ҫ֪һ߽ʿһʿͬλĻʵԵȡڵĸ߽ʿϰ֮ڣʵԶҶصˡҶزԪӤʹսóġ
ֻǳڶԶ˵ľη˿֪ҶصǷǿӲĺ̨ζѡ
峤ϵĿϣΪ⣬ϲ֮ɫ
мĴ󺺣ֻǶһη֮ɫһǿļʿͰ֣ˡ岿䣬ǿΪ𣬰˾Ҫ
˫˼δ˵
ܿ죬ʮòýŮˮһϷʢʳڵϯϡֵĸȣƷƳɵļȣԼƵļƷøֱƳɵıװʢ
ⳡʢ磬ײȻǻ˺ܶ˼ȥ׼
ҶضЩûȤֻƷһƵļ𣬲źһСڣһɺҰԵĻӸҶΪԾҲŨҵĻ
λɳ֮ǰʿðˡڴȸΪ
ͼϵȾٱһΪ
ڶ̶̵һ֮䣬Ѿ˱и߽ʿҲ£ʮ塣ܵõ߽Ѫ鵤ضһǧΪ߽׵ʿҲпܣ
ͼ˵꣬һ֡
ʿܿһӳ
ʲô
Ҷƽʵ
Ҷɳǧö߽Ѫ鵤Ҳ庮ᣬҲûʲôõóֵֻЩ鵤ΪǿõóˡЩ߽Ѫ鵤öӦúܴܿﵽ߽ʿ۷塣ܹΪ߽۷ʿҲң£
ͼϿȻʮǫ飬ȴȻЩ԰
λײϣǼ߽ʿԵüΪԺ
Ǹ߽Ѫ鵤
岿䣬óǧöѪ鵤ģûм岿ҲҪԪӰ쵽Ĳ
岿䣬ÿһ߽ʿҧҧʡöܰǧöѪ鵤ʡͳȥ˼Ԫ
˵ǲƴ֣ҲΪ
һʸ߽Ѫ鵤԰κһʿ𾪿ϲķȥǶ˵Ҳһʾ޴ĲƸ˲Ѫ鵤Ҳȥл鵤
ǣעҪʧˡ
Ҷ꣬ĵȻƤҲöһ¡
ʸҲһ޶Եı飬ƺڵſûиõĶó
ҲǿӵѪ鵤ȤȱȱϵζȺͼȤһЩ
ͼϣλײĳϣסˣ֪ΪʲôҶ˶ǧö߽Ѫ鵤ûзӦ
ûеʲƻ൱ˣ䣬Ҳúķѽ²ɳ
ЩҪǽʿҪϲĵȥ
Ҷؿһǿӣֿ˿ԱŵıȴÿɷҲûж˵ʲô
ȴΪп岿ҪͼıʲôܵҪóĺöǧö߽Ѫ鵤˵䲻Ļƽʱء
ͼϣ߽Ѫ鵤ɸ߽Ѫ͸߽ƶɡƽʱпУҲżϼ¯á֮ǰѪ鵤һֱء
ʸЦԼĴڣóһƿ浹һöѪ鵤
ö鵤Ǹ߽Ѫ鵤ǿʿѪ
ͼϣĺˣֻﻹвٸ߽Ѫ鵤ãҪȻΪʲôô졣ǧ߽Ѫ鵤Ÿʿðɣҿ岿Ҳôԣ
Ҳĵͷ
߽Ѫ鵤
ͼɫһ䡣
ڳϣʸеѪ鵤ܿȻ
ǰλˣҲ֪ʲô·Ȼ߽ͨѪŪ֣һɱˣϡǵĸ߽Ѫ鵤
ײ峤ĹŰϣҲ¶ɫ˼
Ҷɳ֪Ҫʲô֮ǰԤϵЩˣȻԸ䣬ȻҲԸһˡֻҪõóֵģɳ˵޷
ײ峤˵
峤Ȼʹ졣ڶʱţһΪ츳ʥֻϧһֱţȴδۼ֪䣬Ƿдû䷽
Ҷص
츳ʥô֪
¾Ǻˣô֪ײľܣ
ڣײϣʿ󺺣ǺȻɫվˡ
һܣľܡ
ײʦһֱѰʿʵ鵤
츳ʥеһ֡һЧõһ֣ܹ츳˵ʵʮٱֻΪԭҪôȱҩģҪôȱ㹻Ƴ˵ʿ츳ʥѱƳ
鵤ĵһλʦ뷨ʼѾ꣬ȴûмɹʵ
ⲻΪ棬Ƕؾ֮һؾһ岿䣬鵤µĲȱƬϣ漰츳ʥᵽһΪֻ沢츳鵤䷽ļءҽ֪֮ǵĲ䣬ûд˵䷽
ҶؿһȺŭײϣƽ˵˵ĺϸ֤Ǻ컣ˡ
ײܣûУôܽˣ
Ҳǿϣܸ㣡
ˣһֱ嵱ɿū͡檡ʥʿ֣ܺǶԪӤƽƽԸ⿴ʥʿ֣
ˣһƻޱȣ϶ƭǵĵ
вײϣվȳ⡣
ڴֺһƬռңҪڵһȺ߽ʿ׼֡
ұ죡ҶɳҶƣɼһߡ˭ٸԣϳͣ
ײ峤͵һӣŭһ
ڳϣ߽ʿ峤壬ڱ졣
λɳܹƳ߽Ѫ鵤Ϊʿҵҩټϴ˵䷽Ҳ壬аƳ츳ʥλɳʲôײر
峤˫ϱĿ⣬ɨڳϣŽҶ˵
ܴ³ɲɣսǶ壡ҲḶκαǣҲûκŵԸ˵лһλʥʿǲԸ⣬¾͵û˵
Ҷվ˵ˣҴ䣬Ϊ˴¡æ㲻ڴ˵صˡ峤λϣǿһ°ɣ
ҪΪһֱŴ£˿æǱʵɴ٣ͷû˼һ岿򽻵
˵꣬Żʸо㷹δİ׼뿪ײ
Ҷɳ츳ʥĵڱԸ㣡һһССҪ󡣡
峤ʱҲվóǵӣȻĿ˵ʣǱޣܵ츳ʥ츳ϣΪʥʿⲻײϣҲҶвϣһСС˽ģϣϰһȻδײҲʥʿˣպЩ岿֡˲һҶɳ


579 ʽ
Ҷؽӹײ峤ݹļĹơһĿ飬һЩϴ֣ŤŤɬ
ҶУһ£֣ײ峤
һǡ츳ʥҩ䷽
ڶ飬˶壬ֻи߽ʿϰõĸ߽ؼЩ߽ؼҶ壬괫ȻˣǲͨؼԿ
飬ײϰײҪ츳Ҷ壬ӵ츳˼٣ÿһʦһҵĹ۲죬츳һֱûϰΪϧ
һ飬ҶһЩҪĴСպлᣬȥ̽һЩ
ҶˣܿĲ֡Ҷɳʲô֮ǡ
峤͵
Ҷص˵ͷĿơ
ͻʸа뿪岿Ĵͼϣʮ߽ʿĻ֮£¹ݣ뿪ɽߡ

Ҷһ뿪֮
ڣֺ
峤ΪҪײ츳ʥǶˣ
Ƕ壬Ҳ˴̡Զ˵ûٱ
峤ϣԵüΪߡ
ĿƣǸģҶɳֿ˵ܿΣ츳ʥؼֻЧѵΪ˻ѧҲɣ֮Ҳɳĸ졣ΪȡҶɳҲò£ţҪԡ
峤ɨڳϣ
ȻгΪʥʿϣҲܰѶʢϣϡǲĴ£Ҳ˿顣

ҶؼԦϣصԼĶĿе飬ֱӽ˰ֻС츳ʥƣԼðʿĻ˵ðѵ¡
󣬻ʸչҲʼǱıչأ׼רǱʵ
Ѿʹãٺ򵽵õһʮһ¯Ҳ˳
ǰ׼νó֮
ҪɹƳʮ׵ǱʵʦҪǿⲿƩ絤¯¯ȵȣκһϸ΢Ļڣá
Ҷɨ׼õƷ
һ׼Ҷϸľڣɫʹתϣȡһöӡ
Ȼʶһģÿժȡ㹻ķ󣬴ص֮С
Ǳʵĵǵ൤ŲáмΪܹʮġЩĵݣ굽ǧ궼УЩžҪ󡣡
ҶȡǱʵĵٴϸϸһ飬г
еѶ⣬ıԻãҲһöǱʵԭڡϸʯģﵽҪĶܡ
ҶҡҡͷǰӴģ΢΢Щͷۡ
ʱָɫ죬ɢŲͬϢ⻪ģҶطĿ£¯ΪģʮɼҿСҲ˼ΪȫĽƷ󣬿ЩɢϢޣϮ
ֻһλᣡûɹĻٴνһӳĻҪѺüµʱˡ
һö貵ӣҶسһ
Ҳ
ϾǰŸոսڰ˲㣬𵤾Ų۷壬ԶأҪʮʱ䡣ʮ꣬㹻ܶκܶǱʵˡ
һܲӰ첻󣬶˵û̫ѹ
Ҷ¯ΧĲʮơ
Щƣз¯ģеǸ¶ȵģе¯ġҶػȡһָ߽׷Աʱ֮衣һڵķϣ÷һ
ţ¯£ͶһѾµĺɫ̿
ɲһľ̿ʿרõľѡ̿ʮ׵ʮ׵ľɵģʱԴĵ̿ãǼ۸Ҳܹһʿò
Ҷֻǽ𵤺ʿƾԼʮһ¯¶պ졣ҪƸ߽鵤ӣƾΪĻ޷ҩҺ
Щʮϵĵ̿ǿƣʹƽԪӤʿ
ȻҶشӻ𸡵УȡƸ߶ϵף¯ס
Щ¶ȼߵףѸٵĽʮ׵̿ȼž΢졣
ںϺӵĳһ棬ʱ廢Ϊ㣬ɷΪƣΪ¯ǵ¯¯յͨ졣
¯˹תƣƾ֮
¯
Ҷָȣʱ¯Ƿһ˴ӵ¯бɢʹƸ˴󲿷Ȼʹ»
ͬʱҶָãͿػ𷨾ͬʱ߶
¯׺֯ٶȸǡ
ָһĻӣһ⣬Ͷ뵤¯֮С
¯еߣҶصĿѾγһҵ
һУ̱ȵС
಻ϵҳ£ӷ貺ԽĿ̬Ҳ˿䣬ޱļ
Ҷؼ״ŲæĽָһӣʱڷһԵɫ̬ĸ߽ģһһ¯С
ģڴ¯˵ͬʱ㱻ɫҩҺӿеӡ
ɫҩҺӷĺѹȥ
¯ޱȵȻöʮ׵޿κΡ
Ҷؼ״Ҳ΢΢ɫ
ӣʮ׵ȻԱ¯Ī¯𻹲ǿҿ˻۵ĵػס¯׵ĵ̿Ҳʮ׵̿ģ
¯Լ߷ĸҩ޷
Ҷҡҡͷٴ¯ͶһЩ̼ģάֻͬʱ
ţơࡢΪɫ̬ݡҶһʮģҶطĿ£˳Ͷ뵤¯С
֮ǰɫĲͬǣʮģȵռŵ¯ĽǡȻϳȻΡȻֻзĹâ˸
󣡡
ҶطɿĴɫ죬ڵ¯ΧһǿƵ󷨡
ĺһͷϻƶСĺ¶֪ȫעעŵ¯еı仯
˵Ҳõ
ָ󷨣ҲСͨʦ󣬲ѧġ
׵ģҪɹΪʦҪҩҺҺұӦеҩԼӦı仯ơݡĺҩӴ߷õĳ̶ȡ


580 ٣
ҵ¯Ĵ߶֮£¯ԭ޶ҩģڿʼһ˿˿ڻļ
Һ׼˴ʮ׵̿иǿ¯ĵҪȻҩĶˡ
ҶؿЦ
ҲһʿΣȻѾ㹻ߣܹͷųĻȴȣòԪӤʿǱʵҪ򵥵Ķࡣ
һ֣ʮڵҩģһͶ¯С
ЩĻΪһҩȺķӣѸٱΪɫҩҺӹסͬʱڷ£ЩҩҺҺߣʮɫڣɷ
˲֪ãͬڵģһ˿˿Ũҩ
Ҷ΢΢˿ȴ˿ҵģ½½ĽɫͶ뵤¯С
ǱʵĵأƷࡢҩԣ˿ܲƫһͻʹҩҺϡ
Ǳʵ֮컯ޱȣǿʿѶȣԶԶͬƽסٶȵõĶ鵤
һζҩû¯УͻĴ£ʮպҩĲȫɾӨʵҩҺ
ʱҩҺʹɫ໥ת֮
¯
ȫʮ죬ѾΪƣҶأ˿ܹ
¯գ˲ٵ̿¯¯ҩҺΪĵҺ
ЩҶֻҪտ¯ˣ۲¯ڵ仯ʱٷ
ǱʵõĶ֣仯临ӣԶ߽鵤Ҫࡣһ˿ҵ仯пںҩУʹ¯ڵҩҺ壬ʧܡ
Ҷһö鵤һŵҺһ
ǱʵĹ֮Уɢĸ߽ҩѾʹңŨĳϰǧѵĻᣬȻ
Ҷĵһһʱ䵤̿άֻ
ֱ֮¯ڴų鵤ɵ챦⻪
Ҷ̶µɵܵƽʱʱɵЧҲľϲ
ҲҪڵڶ߽ҩЧЧ
Ҷʶ̽¯УʱһŹ⻪ҩҺѾСһ࣬ڵ¯룬ƶת
öָĵҩศ֮£еԸѾڻ
Ҷһÿػ𷨾߶¯׻ƣһ߱õʹ¯еҩҺ
ҩ
ǣ¯ʼСҩҺҲ³ȥתٶҲԽƺͣơûɽᵤ֮ǰҪֹͣ
Ҷоֵ֣һָͬʱһӣһʮ׵ĵ̿һϸۣ̿¯С

¯׵Ļ棬˲תΪȵĻɫȼ¯Уǿд߶͵ĵҺɽᵤ
ࣣ
һ΢¯еʼ١
Ҷصĵ߶£ҩҺתٴμӿ죬⽻£ԭͣҩҺʱתȥ
ǣҶصɫԽ
ǿǿ¯ĻȻɹ߶ҩҺᣬǵ¯ڵȴʼÿꡣ
̶̼ʱ䣬Ҷضͷ䣬һ˿Ҳҷֳ
ڣ¯ٴȼ˰ʱһŹ⻪貵鵤ڵ¯ɡ
ʱһɲкȻӿҶͷ
ԺУҩ仯ӹ
䣡
ԭº貵ʹ⻪Ȼҿ⻪鵤б˳
⻪ԽԽҡ
ֻʣӿĺ˸û¯
ءһ죬ҵĺӵ¯ڱ¯бѵĺɫİ뵤Һ״鵤ɢһҩ˲ʧȥɫʹԣ¯У˳һ̡
ۡ
Ҷ޷ǿѹƱǵ鵤ʱһƣҲǿ̲סһѪȾǰĵ͵
ҶĨȥϵѪɫʮѿȴ޿κΡ
һʮ鵤Ȼʧˣ
ãֻһᵤʱûܳɹ֮ǰ裬üãûг
ҶޱĿ¯һ¯еҩ÷һϸУԻճʯ
ţվԭأ˼˺ðΣΡ
⸱ҩ̫࣬ÿһλҩĶԼԣҩУҪǵԺҩȡƽ⣬Ȼһѡһףͻƻ鵤ҩԣֱը¯
Ҷҡͷг
ҲѴ󲿷ֿܳĵطųˡϸһαƽ⡣һο˵ձɡ
ǱʵʧܣֵԹķϳҩ
Ҫһҩģֻܻȡһö֮Ǳʵ
Ҷ˼ţⲽңȥʸչôˡ
ʸ鵺Ѿסϰߣÿճһ֮⣬ǿ鼮ϰȻƽȴҲʵ
˺УҶżɢģеľ顣͸ҩģоĵҩԣΪһ׼

ٶζģ׼ȫҶٶȿǱʵ
ֻ£ǰһεľҶоյģٶζҩת˵Һ
һӤȭͷСʵҺ⣬һĨβָСĻ쵤Һתͬ
̳˳
һ죬ǽᵤ֮ա
Ҷһգָ˾ͷұ˶׵ĵ̿ȫ׼һǿҵԤУ߳ɵİܹһٽᵤ
չĻʸԼ볣͵ײʿһͬİ˿Ҳ⾲򻤷ȺѶϾ˵ϵش
ڣ¯еĵҺ棬Ҳһ˿仯ʱһֱĿҶأȻ˫ۡ

¯֮Ҷؿȣͬʱģʱö¯Χ죬һŻ⣬ס
Ǽɫ죬֣䣬һһ⣬໥֯Ͷ䵽ĵ¯¯֮С
¯״ߵ¯Ȼǣȴ仯ɺɫҵ¶ȣʹ÷ԲʮɵڵĿһƬƣ붼˾һĴۣܡ
ᵤ
¯ڵķ֮ʵҺڼĻҲת
ڣʱѵҶȫ߶ػ𷨾ͬʱ鶥׵̿ɼ⣬ȻͶ¯С
ţĴָâָһ˲䵯̺ԪѪ飬ֱ¯¯Լ¯СϧľԪǿпƵ¯ڵ
䣡
ѪûУ˲ʧ
Ȼ¯¯Ϊ֮ɫˣһ˿ϡ
ǵ¯ӿűɢ𣬽¯С
¯УȻܼλ棬ûΪޣڣƺХ֮ƾ֮
ͬʱɽ壬ǧϵĸ߿ա
һŨīƣȻ֣հ˷ԲʡЩƼٷۣڵϿγһۣһʱ鵺ΧƱɫɽХ
ǡ٣
ԭΡȻҶأܵر仯ɫɾޱ䣡


581 鵤
Ҷظо仯ʶɿ̽ң̽鵽չۼƣ𾪣
ƾۼѰĺϷ籩鵺Ͽգ۶䣬ƴƺڵȴʲô
Σʿͻƾƿٵʱ򣬼һģһ
Ǻޱȵĵ٣
൤ţٵĵڷ̸Ҳ٣ֻмϣἰٵγɵԭ
󲿷ֵ鵤ҩǲٵġ
ֻм鵤۵ڰԵԶ֮컯
鵤ʱŻǿҵ𵴣١ңԽԵԽٵҲԽ
鵤޷٣ʹǵɣҲ̱֮ٻȥ
Ҷ֮࣬ͷӿϲ
ƵڶϿվۼƴҲζţѾ˼ѪƵǱʵɹ鵤
һǱʵʱ鵤ûܴӵҺΪ鵤δٵס
Ǳʵʧ
Ҷɫ侲ޱȣ䴢һ֮̽䣬һ׶켲ȵռҵļ䣬һɻɫΣס
Ѿ˻󷨣ڼǿ˷֮
ʱҪĹͷᵤǰһʱ䣬¯ӿȵ¯
Ҷظ޷ȥ˶Ƶ״ֻȫݵͿػ𷨾ȫעĿŵ¯ڵ仯ͷһڣ£Ҳ˲ȥˡ
ۼĹ״ѾĻʸ
׽֮ƣǲƵ鵤ĵ٣
⣬ʸԵЩɫ
ΪʦͬҲ뵽˵ܡ
ϾԼҶأֻڽ𵤰ˡ߲ΪңԶԶûеͻԪӤ磬ٵĵزų׽ٵأôֻеٵĿˡ
¯ڵ鵤ϾҪˡƣӦñǵ١ڶ棬׼֣׽ٵУҪΪ׽ٶˡڡ⣬õķ죬ʹԪӤʿ򣬶ֵܵƬ̣Ӧȥ󲿷ֵٵ
Ҷԣ̷˵
ҲЩǣΪ֮ǰûԤϵеٻ֣޴УδųʱѾգȫ¯ڵϾųȥ١򣬵ֵٻаա
ãȥض
ʸһͷʿؼİԪɽƮȻ˶
ؼ˵׽٣ɼ˷ܣϡ飬ǵһϣȻ
ʸͰ˳˶ȥɳһ麧Ȼ
ⵤƵƣѾԶԶʸͻƽᵤʱСƵˡ
һƬѹѹƣѹڵϿգʱСꡱ׵˸ϵĿХһĴˡ
ʱҲܵɻϢв塣ͽȺݷɽʯ֮䣬ͽ޶ɽ䱼Ӵܣɽؿ֮ж鵺Χĺ㣬ƴǱȥ
ǰǴ˺޵ֻֿ֮Ҫ׻𲨼Ļҷ
岿Ҳ
ϵһЩɼʵĵͽ壬յ󾪶ؽɽͨڣյ󡣲ͨ壬ڵأ壬߶
ľϵʿϷĺ˾󣬱ɽ峤ͳ档

ʸѾȫɽ嶴ķ󷨡ֻ˿̶Χϣɫâ֣ӰӿҫĿˡ
¡¡
ͻȻ䣬γУٶȺȻӿ죬裬ߣֳɫ
ڣһֱ۴ϸĳâȻҶضڵɽ塣
Ź
ף
ʸѾ׳ɽɽ嶴⣬׵
ǵףʱѾɽ嶴ΧһӲӵĹ֮ϣʱֻľһζҫâ
ɢּȥѺۣѾ鼣
ʸȻɫ
һ׵Ĺָ
꣡
ʸۼĻ֧Ųס̴߶߽ԪǬ𽣾ԴϹűڵĶ滻֮ǰıǡʮ־ˡ
ıǺ⽣𽣣ֻʮԪСͬһɽٲһ㣬򶴸ϿգһӴĽ
ʱڶȻ£ǵ˫ɵķ٣ÿԪСжɴСķâ
ЩâγһӴķɽӲӭµĻס

ʮâת˲׽ӡ
ЩɽĽϣʱ׵׸ǣ˸âЩɽѸɥʧеķĵ˻
գ
ʸɫһ䣬æջʮɽУоֱ׵顣ɿ鿴ʮڷɽҵǣʮ߽ԪС̯׻ɥʧδܵˡ
һԣҲԳ׵ҪȽڵǿܶ࣬ǻûԪӤʿĹ
ָЩɽķջطɽ̳ˡ
ıԪɽǿнףܵˣֻöĻ죬ȥһ׻
㣬һף
βֹۣĶգɫꪡнŵɫϣһɵĺâ¡
ۼ֮һסꡱеɫꪣʱͬҵһɳµĻס
СģӲס̺󳷣ڻ㹻һס
ʸ˵
ţ
ǵĻףͬһһ㣬ɫϡ׻ɫϣɫһºɡһס׺ɵɫꪡ
ɫҲ֪ʲôɵģƷʳĸߣڻ׵ĺ֮²δ⵽ˡ
ϣɽӿԽԽʿҲ׷װڵأԶɽĺףиɫɽâɫâԺ׻𾪣羴ѡ
˾ˣȥӲ׻һ㲿ʿȥġ

ʱڶĻʸͰˣʩչԪűɶ󣬵ٻ׵ʱڵҶߣҲѾͷ

һҫĿĻɫԣ¯͸
ᵤ
Ҷشϲ
иľϲͷȻһоΣգȻ̧ͷҵϷȥ
䣡
һ׻𣬾𵴣ʯ
ףȻ䴩˶ֱӴ


582 
˶󷨻ֵĻףҵʯһ󶴣ڵһС󷨣赲һ£
ضɽҡ
ҶزɱɫǺܿ侲
˫ּػ𷨾Ϩȼյ¯׼ȥ¯Χĸָ󷨣ȡ¯ڵ鵤
¯֮Уһ۰СĻɫ⣬ոʵʣڼٷٶ֮죬ޱȣͬ㼤ҵĦУлɫ׹֡
ûü¯ȡ
䡫
ʱһɾ˵ϢƲ
ɻԵϢ޿ɵ
Ҷصʶ̽鵽գһɴֵĳףȻʸٿؼɽδ
׺Ȼ£֮ǰǵ׺ĿУֱӺڣɲǼ˺ڵһСͷ󡣡žƣҲ֮ѣʧȥ˹
飡
ףֱӺ¯ϡ
¯¯Ƕʱը˿һɾĳ֮˳ȥȻ¡
ǵӽԪӤʿȫһĵٻףʮһ¯һǺ׻âڱһգʧӰ١
¯Ȼӿһ춯صĻХһǿҵĻɫХų˳ұĿ
ݵŨҩ¯ɢڣѸȥ
ڣʯ
ҶطӦ죬ڻ׺ҵһɲǣ˻֣˱µʯŪûͷ
һ¯УһȭͷСĺɫ򣬴ӿҩ㣬з˳ҪƿҶӳȥ
Ҷɫ䣬˲۷취򻵣ǿ¯Ҳˣԥһε䣬źɫȥͼס
ǣٶȻһߡ
ͼɫ⣬һ´ұĿ˳ȥɳ֮⡣
öϵǱʵȻǿԣٶ죡
ҶسԾ
鵤ٶ̫ˣһ𵤺ʿٶȻ켸֡
ǣĻ⸶˼۲ƳɹǱʵߡ鿴һ¯沢ҩ飬һŴӶ𴦣˳ȥ
ҶһĿ˲ɨɽΧɫޱ䡣
ɢмʮѾٻĸ߽׷ƬһЩ߽׷ĲлңʸΪ׽ٵѴ׼ŶɽõķҲóû赲ס͵Ļ׵٣û׺˶ķ󷨡
öɫ鵤ʱΪһ⣬鵺֮⣬һӴܣһ߶ջ׵ĺ
ŨīƣʱڽɢȥǿʱѾȥЪ¼ף⼸ۼٶδܻöɫ鵤
գϵƳɢȥϵľκҲֹͣƽ˾֮ǰķƹγ˼ķ
ԭڶĻʸ鵤˳Ѿ׷ȥٶȣǿ鵤ݵٶȡҪץסĴҴܵ鵤ҪһЩ
ɫڵϿ׷ϣЩգ޷շУ׷Ҳ׷ϡ
ҶؼѾ׷ȥˣ΢ġ
ǣɨΧȴ¶ǵ顣
̮ڣɢŨ֮ҩ㣬Ѹɢ
Ǳʵһ·ӣӵŨҩɢ
֪ʱΧѾ˲ͷеͽ׺ޣ̲ˣγһСɺ޳
ɢȥ֮󣬸ͽ׺ޣӿΧڵΧУмͷڵĺޣСɺ޳֮С
Ҷһ£׳ϣڵϿ񱼵İҲϣ̳ɫ׷ȥ

ϣԶɽ壬Ӷײǣѱ֮ǰǳµĻף𾪵˵
峤ʮײϣͬи߽ʿԼͨʦ˶ߣԶԶԶɽϵǸҿ
˿̣ǱʵѾɳ֮⣬ںϼӴܡ
Ҷأʸ׷ȥ
ΧڵΧĺ޳Ҳڳɫ鵤ݷ׷
ǰش󣬼Ʈɢ㡣
ɵӣҲܿо鱦
û֮ġ
ʹûҶغͻʸڣöͬշȥľ鵤ҲжʿԿġ
鱦ڵϳ֪ǻǸ
峤΢΢̾һ䣬ĿڵĺϾۼĺޣɫܿԸȥټи߽ʿʦסжߵڣԷ޳ӿϵУˣٻ
ǣ峤
Щ˵ĵͽסн׺ޣճ鱦Ϣںϼ
ЩһȺȺӿĺޣͲͬһȺ໥֮Թ档
ʱҪ鱦һЩʵǿĺȺʱɱ䣬ɱͽ׵ĺޣͼɱһѪ·ȥ׷˵鵤
Ⱥ֮ĳͻһʱѪȾ棬ŨҵѪһĺ޷񣬾УΧɱ
һʱ䣬ȺŭѪȾ˵ΧƬ
һЩ½ߵĺޣǳ˵ĺҶضڵɽ屼ȥ
ڲҩŨңǰȥ̽
޳ӿϵ˵ϵ岿䣬ʱܷ޽ĶߡЩɱ۵ĺޣһˣǲôġ
ã޳ˣ죬סڡ
붴ڣ
һ󾪺ڶɽӴܣĸ߽ʿʦǣæߵǰ׼Ϯ޳

֮⣬һɫˮںϲķţ˺ХĺιˮϢ
Ũ˪ˮ֮УһɫӰ֡
ʱŨˮȻһȫǸӰڣ¶һߴ
ΣһɸߵһɫƤףɱ֮С
ӣЩݼⳤԲ԰׵ķɫ΢΢⡣˾ǣ࣬żӦߣ΢΢ƺںſ
ĸߴΣȻվϸ̵ıǼ鶯һϲ֮ɫ
ǿȻǧ㣬Ҳŵ
ʲô㣬ȻŨңĪʲôû뵽ӣոնɽɻΣѲӣҲ
Хһһɫ磬ˮƷƣԾ˵ٶȳ㴫ķӶȥ
ֲٶȣ˺գһ֮

ɫˮոշɹȥ㹤ǿҵ⣬Ƭ
֮УԻ
ҲʵڵΪ谮뿪ǱյѪɱ˵صѪʿ۵ҵȣҪѾ汣һиʲôˣһõǵù
ʲô⴦и߽ʿ֡ԪӤʿδһԶӻγΪƬ˵ǰȫ˵ҵȻ˭Ҷ


583 ǿУ
ʸɡ
ҶؼԦŰ׷˻ʸһǰһںȫ׷½ǵԾٶݵĻɫ⡣
鵤ٶôô죿
ʸʮֳԾҶʵöʮ鵤ٶȱһߡҪǰΧ׷½ö鵤Ƶת򣬿¾ҪԽԽԶˡ
ö鵤ոճ̺ǿĻϢ֧ݡҪĻĵһЩٶȲŻỺҴ൤õֻһ䷽û˵ᷢ٣Ҳûдӡ
ҶؿЦ
ԦϣҪǵɫһЩǲִ֮Ҳ׷ϡ
Сʱҵ൤ŵһЩϡ䷽ǴӴŵϹʿдģлһЩϣȴֻ桢ŲŻڿഫ¼֮Сֻǣҵʱûʣҵûϸ˵Щ
ʸʲôЩյ
£
Ҷһ㶣Ĭ
֪һЩɣ顣
еϲѹؼдļɬѶֻһĵϵ͸еʱؼй©ôһ䣬д־䡣
һõؼҲһͷԡ
ܶɼԴĹؼΪļ̳û⹦ؼİؼʧûȥΪԭ
൤µĵûм٣ǹҪĵһЩҪֻҪĸ߲֪Ǿпܵġ
൤ŵظڵõǱʵĵûطõ޷ӡ֤¡ҲΪ⣬ŪǱ
Ҷ磬أ˵ѾˣȵԪӤˣʮ϶׷鵤
ֵʵ
ѾܼԦУٶȾܹ׷鵤ǿҵʬҶҿʮ֮ڣⱻˡҪǳץ鵤ʬ϶ǿҸʴٵ鵤
ҶҡͷΡ
ôս׷ֻǣսӴٶ伫죬ԶʿУ˲ת򡣺ײϴӺĺȺ
Ҷؼɵͬʱüͷ塣
Ŀɫɹ֮·ӿȺĺޡ󲿷ǵͽ׵ĺ㣬ֻĽңȴΪӴЩ޲ֻںмУܶݵķԾ棬γ޳
лźüͷڵޡ
Ѫɳݵһĺ򣬴ǵͽ׺ޣʿҲټҪ鷳
鵤ٶٿҲֻһö鵤ȹƬ̣ĻȥһЩ֮󣬱㲻ܼٶȷȥҪģҪĵģǲЩ޵óѣ
Ҷءʸˣһ߼ٶܴȺĺޣżնɱͷײĺޣǵɫ׷ᡣ
գһȺݳ֣ٳǱʵΧ¹ȥ
УһЩų㣬ںд㣬ԼһЩ첻֪ĺޣʱ߸Ծ棬ҧ
ʸ״ŭ
һָ𽣷ֻʮԪСһ棬ɱЩĺޡ
ɫꪣɱЩľ޴ޡ
Сģ񳾽
Ҷ֪¹ؽʱǷĵʱһͷ񳾽һʮɿķɽɵĹ⻪סǿײǰĺޣ뺣޾׷ȥ
ǰǱʵƺҲֻʣΪ˶Щ޵˻ںäͷҴܡ
Ҳ÷Բĺޣӷ
ౡ
һͷչʮɿĽڼݣХһ𣬴ҶضճһâֱڶຣΧ׷½صǱʵ
ͷݣ𵤺Ϊ˫ˣƥһĿʮͷޡ
ȻſڳڵǱʵȥ뽫ɫס
ǣǵɫ⣬ȻһգӲһɣһġ
ۼޱ˵鵤Ҫݸ׽ȥΧĺޣݶʱ˼㣬ʹֶΣƴɱȥֹ
ͷʵǷ׺Хһ𣬶ʱ֧ɳâǵصɢ俪һЩϲĺޣʱЩâ͸˳һѪ꣬·ѪС
һЧâһ𣬻ӳ׽ǵɫ⡣
ʱԦϵҶѾȻʸһȸϵ
ʵǱʵҩԵһ£϶ҪѴʱҩԣ򣬱ᷨңĻ
ʿޣҲܷ̱֮ı
ֻЩޣݣǲδֻ֪ǲΣִ£·Ҳø³
ҶѾϵͷȥ׽鵤
н󣡡
ҶһЦɱӿ֡
ŭһٿ⻪ĿԪɽ˲仯ʮɴС
ȫ׽ɫ⣬ûܼʱ
쬡쬣ľƿУн󣬽ݺǵɫ⣬Χڽм䡣ܲܲ׽鵤޷Ӵнѳȥ
һɣһ˲䣬âҵĸ߽Ԫɽͬʱ³ҫ۵Ľâ
žֲַӦưԵĽâѾۡһ˲䱻նɱնΪһƬѪ
ţнԪɽ⣬Ÿɫâ֯ɱΧҪ鵤ĺޡݡ
ͬʱҶѾһ϶˲Ϣ֮н֮ڡ
ǵɫ⣬ڴн֮ڣֻӣȴ·ߡ
Ҷʱſ֮ڵ鵤
һöֻ۴С鵤鵤ϻҫĿĻâһĴָĻ⻪ƺţ鵤ţ鵤¿ӳײȥײĽһײϿҪ˺ѳƬ
ҩ飿
Ҷشһǰһֱƣ鵤Ϊʲôӵô죬ץסȻҩ
ܣ
ҶЦһĻٸߵĻᡣ
ֻһȻ鵤ץȥٶ֮죬磬֮䣬ץǧΡ
Ѫǣǻ⻪Ĺ죬ö鵤ɴխռڣȻǧץ
ǽ𵤺ڵΪȻץס
쬣
ʸϵԾĿһĻûȥ࿴æԦɱΧӿĺޡݡ
÷У
ҶһץûУЩգһĴɳһ߽װɫƿ
һƿϣƿڶʱһɵ⣬ռ䶼ǣѻ˸ţƿȡǻ⻪ʱ󺧣鵤Ͻȥ
ҶطȻһߣǿнƿС
ҶһϲƿϣһӡѾ²ץס鵤ҩպá
ҶػȻɫ䣬ŤͷԶȥ
쬣
һƥ⣬ǧ֮ⶸȻͣ£¶һ׵Ρͼ֮У¶һףʿ


584 VS
ҶȻǵķȥһ֮£ͫȻһ
ղרע׽鵤ʶöӴܵ鵤ϣΧȺ޺ݵĹš⧲£Ȼû֣һѸٱƽ
ֱͼ⣬ǧ֮ŷ֡ǵٶȼ죬ôһգ۹ѾƽǧɷΧͣ£¶Ρ
ĿֲٶȣǧɾҲתۼ
ǵⷢƺʮֲ죬û뵽ʿ
ޣ
Ҷһɢȥ¶ΣȻ𾪡
ģȻΣһɫ⻬Ƥף࣬΢΢ߣڽǴ¶һźڵķһڵޡ
ҶĿһ±ޱȡ
ޣѪżܼһײеĸ߽׺ޡ
󲿷ֵ޶нס߽׺ޣʮͷȺںгûɱͽ׺ΪʳеĺȺеȽڽϸߵ֣ΪײбŰѪɱ
Ѫô꣬ٵȺ
ǣڵޣȴͷһμû뵽ѡΪƫƧߵѪɳ򣬻Ļޡ
Ҷջڻɱ޵нַɿĿס޴Ķޣʱ׼׳ȥ
ʸʱһɵҶߡ
Ҷ漴һװŴսĴϡ
ϣҲҶ˻˿ޣ侪塣
޵ײУ岿Ϊ˽⡣
ϲĳϸٶʷ
ȻҲ岿䣬ֻҪѲˣ˾ͻ֣ͣϾɱҪͻȻѪϴ岿䣬ûκεɽֱɱƬײ
壬޵Ŀ־ޣԶʤˡÿζսվӪߣҲٻͶ塣
ͷޣʵǳôӦԣ
ͷ޻ζˡڵޣǿᣬ츳ͨʵǿһͬ׵ԪӤʿһɱΪաͷ޳ڴ˵أ϶Ǳ鵤ҩһҲٿػȥסսսӣ׼
Ҷɫأɿ˵
Ȼ֪ͷޣԪӤʵԪӤʵҲԪӤʵٲãҲܳסһС㹻ñлս
ţ
ʸװŴսĴ˵ͷףʱõʱ򡣸һͷ޶ȫԸ
׳һɵľսա
漴ϵİϴսȻʮ߿ܼս
սϵľͷ緫սϵĸɫ󷨣ʼ˸ââԽԽ
սҪȫ÷ֺͷҪһСʱ䡣
һСʱڣսûйƶжֻɸԭزΪ
Ҷشʱԭأֿطɽֽ޴ĿĶ޵ľٶ
ս׼֮ǰ̵ıǻ
ĵƣǻҲһֱԸóʾ˵ԭ
ޣȻǳ鵤ΪʲôֱӶ֣ͣ
Ҷתͬʱȴ΢΢Щ֡
ɲţ޵ײб壬һʿ顣
ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôһ
ʶֻ̽ʿԪΪߵͣʿЧֻķȥƲʿʵʿ޷ԪûŵʶҲ޷̽һʿΪǳ
ĪǡޣҲ֪ͬԼǳ
Ҷ뵽һɫļޣֵļʱ䣬ðѱѴսȫ
ʱƬĺޣܵϵһεĸߵѹ̿־ȥǼķӿӴ޳糱ˮˡ
߽޴ŵѹЩͽ׺޼

ޣĿҶصɨͬЩɲ΢΢Щ˷ܣȴûóȻ֡
һḻĶʿܹһ˲䣬ַͨʽжϳһ޵ʵͬһḻޣҲܹڼʱڣͨʿʹõķȵ״жϳһʿĴʵ
ֻǣҶûк޶ľ飬ǰ޵ʵǳ
ޣһ󲿷ʱ䶼ڰȫҲһûʲôʿʵս飬ûѸжϳҶصʵǳ
ڣ
ǧ֮ͣסһ˫ͫ۾ɨҶвٿʮɴķƺһЩʲôԪӤʿʹõĴ
ҲûдҶλʿϣܵΣյϢһ˿
Ҳʿһʿڸʲô
ʸ׳һȻľٶʮɻǼ͵ĶδҲκһʿõķɽ֮ķ
ûиоΣϢԼеЩԾ
ղǼĵرǱ̽Сǲ
һЦ¶зź˵˵꣬һ˫ϸצ˫ԳâһЦϷŪ飬Ҫ֣ȻûҶصʵ
壬ΧһӴ塣
ΪܳĶӣΪ԰ûκ˸Υңڻ֮ʵǣǽᣬڲ޾ʮȤܵյѪҪɱʿ
û룬﷢ĵر˼ʵȥĶʿ
С
Ҷ΢üͷޣС
ǲС˵ûʲô𣬶ޡҪ鵤붼롣
Ҷͷ
˵ЦˣǼƳһö鵤ܽӡңҵҲܾġ£¾ʹ˱ˡ
ҶؿսĻֺͷ緫Ѿд󶨣Ȼ˵
ߣƲԳԷƣǾ͸ȥɣ
һҶؾܾһ˿ҲĥɾҶػ֮ʣһ˫ͫɱ
һһɫ⣬Ҷء֮ǰҶذǼȥ
УδʿѪվǵѪСУɿУͬʱһҵĳбֱҶء
ҶĿȻɱ˲䣬ˣͬʱȻ׳е޴

һʮɾ޴ĹҶصǰɴ
һʮɵɫУһ֮С
꣡
һ걬Ź֮д
顫
֮һþƣץסǵâС
ŨҵʬѸӹȥ
ʲôﰡ
ŭХ


585 䣬䣡
Хһĵ⣬ڵӿ˫趯һɳĴ˶ͼǿнȥջ
ޱһǿ壬ʿ֮ǿ԰ɽǧɾɽơ
Уƶһǧ򻯣ɱ
ǣŹֵ֮Ĺһ˫ɫȴץסĩ˵УƷ粻趯Ҳ޷ջȥ
ŭôһ˿˿Ŀ־塣
ΪޣûҶϸеʲôΣյϢҶصʵʮֲмȴƬŨҵĹ֮Уȴܵһѹ֮еĹžʵй֮޲
ʬƵȫֵ
ȻĿ־Ҳֻôһ˿
ǹûǿ󵽿вĳ̶ȡ
ʲôˣһʿôǿĹΪĪǶλͷҪãôǿĻ
ĶҶء֮Уһϲɫ
ѪĴУɱʿ
û뵽ɱĳҪʿĵϵȴһľϲ
ԭ԰Ҷؼ˸ɵǼҶ׳ڸˡ
Ȼ˽Ѫ֪ڵļں汣ֻϲܵԼûͨжѡ
ֻҪ⼸ʿͻڴ˵ءȼ׷Ϲںһ
ʿֻ˼թóɱ
ҶüɫƳһĴս
ڲٿս׼˿ɫꪣվսĴͷ΢ţ׼ʱ޶սĹ
ʲôˣͲø²ˡ
ҶسĬһ£˵ȻϲǾ㿴ף
ʶٿ֮£ʮɵĹѸСĹߣȻһͷߴãͬԵĿ޻ζɵ
ͷɭ׵ۿð
ץͻȻѴ죬źһ¡
ղЦȻЦļΪѿǻܿƺڼЦҪ֪ͬ壬ڵȻ޵
ãѹ֮󣡡
ɫЩѿ
һһͷʬ鶼ǿҵѹƣΪͼɵȻûеηĵزһʬڣΪ鷳
ߣ½ϵ壬ҲѪϸ⺣ǱСĵ̣ȡ֮ˮʲô
ͻȻЦ˫Ȼһץ
飡飡飡
ʮɳˮûޣſѪڣƾճںϡ
һӣЩˮޣȫҧ
ʾͬſʮʬҺڶˮޡʬҺˮ˺ҧѸ໥ġ
һͼƹֱɱҶء
ǻóѡԦһŹڹһԭʧȻִһ֣סɱһ
һޣһɽɾˣԲʮ֮ڵĺ򶼱ǿҵʬˮڡеһЩͽ׺ޣ׷׾߶ܡͽ׺ޣһСıʬմȾʴΪһѰ׹ǡ
Ȼûжǣǳɱıȴû˿ҪҶ̫ʶȥٿء
ҶֿнסڲԶԹһս
߲۷Ϊ߽ԪɵĴнԵֵסͷ޵ĶನҪ֪ڣʩչֶοԪӤһڵֵ޶ನѾ´ࡣ
ܿ㷢֣ǻޣκβ˻
ȻѹסޣҲûܰô
һĻҶ΢΢һ
⻯ޣֻǳʵڻںĲ㼶
ս׼
ҶȻֵۣһӡ
нɱ
ҶȻ֣Ԫɽ
ɽΪ⻪⣬쬡ƿͻȻɱսȦ
ءХ󣬱¶ıϡ

һĽ졣
ںɱûȥֵҶصͻϮĶûȥ
ɽͻıϣ⡣
ȥ¶˺۶ѣûܹסɽǿеɣâ
ͻͫ¶׺ݣҶصķһۡ
ܹԹĿҪǲ⼸ʿɱкѪߡ
ͼȥǱס½أȴûȥԸҶء
ףǿ
ҶؼԼȫһЧɾȻջطɽԼͻγ֮䣬ŲɿԽĺ蹵ʿͻ޵ս໹̫ˣûбȶɱĿܡ
һ޵׶ƲˣҪ˵ˡ
ڣղҲֻһԶѣûȥ޶˼
սľͷ緫ɫâҫĿҲѾȫ
أߣѾ׼
Ȩϡ
Ҷûߣսһͷ侲Ŀ͸źݾ
ʸ˼˵ͷ
սϵʮڣʼ˸â
ڵͲڣʮɻԵܣڿʼ¶âԽԽҫۡ
ڴĹֱߣ׼ȼߡںҲһܶ׼
ס
ںɱڷֲԾ
ǼֵĴߣԭܲκвҲû̫һ£ͻȻȴʼһǿĻϢڲϵļǿ
ʮɻԵϢȻǿࡣ
ҶصУȻбȻµĶ쳣Ծ
ԣ
оԼƺʮԵϢϣȻһ飬¶־壬ɺٵǿĿȭ񽫻ƿһСξ롣
ԭѻҶؼˣڴ˴ļĻ׷ǣڿȥȵǳ֣ҪԴ
˲䣬Ϊһ߹â·ǧɵĺһ³ȥͼ躣ߡ
䡢䡢䡭
սȻʮԵܹڼ·ݵޡ
޴󺧣ٷ֮УǿŤת仯й켣
ǣʮԵĹâеߵȴСһƫУͷ­ҪϣһƬѪ
һ׹뺣С
ΪһŻ뺣С
Ĺ֮
һֻ׹Ǵֵһͷ­޵βͣ棬Цţս


586 ջ񣬰Ƥ
ųɵʬɽսʸսĻִ򿪣֮󣬹ٶȺ£
߳صʬ壬žһ˴սļװϡ
ڵ֮󣬱ָ壬ʱӴʬ壬սСװ嶼ռˡ
Ҷأлʸǰ۲߾޴ʬ塣
һۼ׵ʬϣССʮ˺ۣðƺɫʬǻצ£Щֻˣ
صͷ­λ⵽սСͨڵں䣬Ȼֻڹǰ­ڰ׻Խ˴룬ױ
ս㹻ԸڵĻγޣΪǿٶҲ̫죬ԱСʮŻҪʮĻҲδܻǾΪ޷սǡ
Ҷϸ۲˿ڣ΢΢Щ죬ֹ˼䡣
˵ʮϵޣһǱͷ޵޽ۼףǿƷʮԭϡһۼףһС֣Ǵ󲿷ֻãҪǸɷ϶ΪǿУ֮ǰսʬ壬öʮҷų˵ʬ֮С
ʸϲĴͷʬ壬˵
ţҽ޵ۼףиһͷ޵֪꣬ûУ
Ҷص˵ͷ˵ּ꣬ҫ⽣ɿĸȥʬϱʬʴĵطۻλȻȫиۼס
ۼ쳣ͣŵ⣬ܵеͽ׵ķʧȥ֧ţ󽵣޷ֵޱȵĽҫ⽣ܿ㱻Ҷ˳иװϴС
ʸĶҲ˿Ŵű֮ıǺ⽣ͬһƿ޽ʵѪ⡣ŴĸУڳһöȭͷСˮɫ
޵Դӿ³뿪ͷ޵ͷ­Ѿãû޷뿪Ѿɥ
ʸһȡöɢտԣͼΪǿʢˮ׸Ҷ֮󣬶һĦȭƵİ˵һ޽ҲڳЩԭҲǳֵǮڶǮ
ã
Ӧһɫ޴Ѫ⣬ʬУȡһ͸޽ӵ˼װϡ
ȻԾ΢ŵľ޿УЩޱȵɫһһγ֮ǰʩչɫɡ
ףôһɫĺǣ
ͻȻһɫ޹ǣֻһɳĹͷͬɰ޹˳ֵ
޵ǣ
Ҷغͻʸһ۱˳ϲе
ʬľ㶵ĴţǸ޹ǣһ¼Ծ˰ǰ۰Ͱ͵Ŀнɫǡ
Ҫͷ
һЦһס
ϲһץסǸͷĹⲻͣƺΪ˷ܡ
ǶǴ֮
ѾǣֱǸʮ׶ԵǣԼʮ׵ǣ֮УٶȺʵҲӦ߲١
ۼױ޽顢Ƕ˳ȴһֱûҵ
Ҷüͷ΢һ£ЦŵĿǾʬ˵ôӣزأҪô
һɫ⻪ֻʮСģͷ޼һģһʬ˳쬵һ³սȥϡ顱һ£˻
һĻ֣ѾսյĻ
Ź⻪Լ·ӣֻܻ̿ηһҶء
޵꣬ͬʿԪ
޵ǿͨڵʩչ츳޲ǡ
֮£ʿĻ֮Ԫǿǣ۳ǿԪ
޵꣬߱
һʹӳҲֻһΣԲ̫ꡣȻˣʮ޵꣬Ǳȵͽ꣬Ҫǿࡣ
λڵλ磬һֱȱ߽ƴɱʿľ顣
û뵽Ҷн𵤺ΪȴӵһͷãһСͨսʿ⧲£˸٣Ҳ޷ѵĽ
ʹߵ壬Ҳһǧ꣬ŵԻΡ
Ҳù
İ֮£һ˿ȵԹݣտ⻪£εļá
ûѾ׾ǣļܹϵٻܸĿ
ʮ޵ꣿ꣬ԳΪСͨ飬Сͨкô
ʸһۼ꣬ЩԾ
һ΢ģ˿ҡҶء뿪ǲܵ顣
գ
ҶɫĮͬʱһһֻƿУϻһָһ⣬ʱ쬡Ĵƿһƿקȥ
ĶʿҸһұ𡭡
꣬̿־ţȴ˿ӻƿ㣬û˵꣬Ѿȡ˽ȥ
ƿڸϣžһƵķӡģƿϣҶջشС
ʣЩѪҲûʲôֵռط˰ɡ
ʸսĻִ򿪣˵
ҶɨһʬûʲôмֵĲˣͷ
һţɳƵʬ߳ս⣬ѪУһƬˡ
ûʬĸغ󣬴սںķš
ҶغͻʸվڴͷĴϡ
ɱһͷޣջֵ֮񣬼ȵƺü鵤ˡѹôʿѪɱޡȽӤ֮ɱʯ졣
ʸЦһսսȻ⡣
ͷϵԭϣȥĻӦĴǮΪɱޣʮڣһƷʯҲС
Ҷص˵ͷһ£뵽ںķѵʯȴ¶Ц
󺣵ԶҪ˵ʲôͻȻĿһ
ҰΧڣ⣬Զĺϣսڵķλ
վڴͷ⣬¶â
ޣ죬ת󳷣
Ҷش󺧣ɿȵ
ʸӦ죬̲ٿսϵĿܼѸٵתսķ
սռתһ䣬쬣ԸٶȣѪɳݵķ򼲳۶ȥ
һС⣬սղڵĺλã¶޵Ρ
ǿϣƮһĿȫǣ˶ʬ壬ʱɺ죬ŭХ
Ƕӣˣ
ղսǶʿǿˣ
ɱ
޴ŭǣΪɫȫӹ棬·Ͼ˵ĺˡ
ҶͣºǼսֻԴսѪϼ
;Уսٴοڣ׷ں˹ȥʮ䣬еһڣһޣǲδɶ˺
Ȼˣ޴ڣҲƵǲҹڽƴս
׷ʱޱڻǱ㹻ʯĴսԽԽԶޣ׷սò׷ɱ
Ҷؾһ亹Żʸ޹ǵ֡
ͬɫ԰ףֱ
ʵǿޣղҪǱΧдսлҲҪɥѪ
ɱһͷޣ鵺ǲܻȥˣ׻Ķ鵤µпܱ޷֡ȥ
Ѫɳݵ㣬ͻٺǰɣ


587 ί
ҶؼԦսѪռɣΪ˱ⱻԶ׷٣ս;任
ʮ֮һ˵ִɳұԼﴦҶսξݵ㣬ֱͣӴӾݵĴ󣬷ضٺǡ
Ҷ˸մӳڴ̷ֳڵղԾ
봫󴦣ۼټƵĽСʿвٵԪӤʿ
͹㳡ΧվŴسʿͨٺǵʿм顣
зǵʿݡ
ҶغͻʸһۣЩƣǾĬĵȴż顣
ܿ죬ֵҶһС
УӡٺǱʶĽ𵤺ʿʶɨ˹
﷢ʲôˣ
Ҷɫδ䣬ĳʵ
ȥѪܾû˰ɣȥ꿪ʼѾȫǽϣκγѪߣλϣʾ֤֮𲻱Ҫᡣ
һҶɨ˼ۡ
Ҷص˵ͷû˵ʲô
Ҳ֪һЩͨޣܹȫûΪʿϢģµļһٺУǼɳ飬̽ʿʵϸ⵽ϮʧءٺǶԴ̲Ϊ
ҶóϽƣϽϣҷˣԼһŮ
Ͻɹ峤ϣ
Ҷسʾһɫƣּ΢΢ȡ
Ҷغͻʸ⼸鵺ĶͨûκʶɹƣǺѷġɹϣ󲿷ֶԪӤʿΣڶ߲ʿٳ
ҶƣּŽٲˡ
ܿעʸİЩȡ涫ʿȥѪʿ࣬ŵɫꪣɢɷӦһ߽ʿ
ԭϽϣʧй£ðˡ
һʩԵþһЩ
˽𵤺Ϊλɹ֮λзǳֶΣɹϵӣûܳΪԪӤʿ֮ǰ¼ѫܵõĵλ
а˵ǰòʿɫȻǰɹϣЩسǵĽʿ˵Ҫ̫ࡣ
޷ʲôսϢ
ҶصȻĵ˵ͷѯʵ
λħͷѾкüλٺǣս֮¡ɹϣֻҪصɹ֪ĻϢ϶Ҫࡣ
Ц˵Ҷص֮ûʲôɵ㣬ԻʸҲûʡ
üλͷˣֲٺǽ䱸ɭϡ
Ҷصһ䣬л󣬺ͻʸˣһٺȥ
ɹһʱȰѪļԭϣһ¡
ΣսķԽԽҲŸս𵤰˲Ϊ𵤰˲ҲһߡȻǽ𵤺ʿԶԪӤʿʵսϿ϶зա֪ʲô㣿
ʸü΢һĨɫ߱˵
ս˹ģ̣Ѫɽ綼ҪУֻҪʵڵģ˭Ҳ޷ʦʦݣΪǰڻҡ
˵˿䳤ϵƣȨܾ˵١ΨһҪĵǣ˻Ҫṩ鵤Թսµģ̫صĻ»Ӱ쵽չ
ⳡսһҪʮϰܽǾڴսڣͻƵԪӤڵĽ׶Ρս½չΣֻҪԼʵ㹻̫ġȳΪԪӤʿ֮ⳡսͬΪһջҲС
Ҷ΢΢һ˼ʸ˵
Դ޹ĽʿѪޣ˴ս֮Ҳиǿġͬʱ⵽γ޵Χͱȫһս֮
ʱҶѾٺǷ֮ڣбֶ֣һЩŵաʿӵæףûжй䡣
ţΪԪӤʿ֮ǿ϶ҪսɱһͷޣջɱȵϺü
ʸЦŵ˵㣬ɱһͷʮ׻ޣջɱ޵ľ޴ô
Ҷؿһ۷ڼΪ۵󣬺ͻʸǱȥ
ȡõԭϣΪܹƳʮƷʵķЩϣίиóʦõİ취
Ҷһڡ
Ҷϣûˣ룡һ̸̨æµŵ£̧ͷһۣʱĿһæķ񣬴æӭһ
Χٽʿ¶Ŀ⡣
Ƕǽ𵤺ʿҲûλô鰡
¿ûǲĿ⣬Ҷص¥ϵĺ᷿ȥ֮һҲ̸ʸӴ˿䳤ϵ£Ȼ֪Ҷصĵλ֮
ҶҲδ˵ֻǸ¥
ϴ˴Ҫһ߽鵤
¶Ҷ磬֪Ҷص·񣬽Ҷһ쵽᷿󣬱ֱ⡣
⼸һЩ鵤Ҷĳ˴ҪίйƼ֪ǷʿЩϣ
ҶЦ˵
ŶʲôԡȽ׵ԭϣ̸вٶʦƸ߽ײϡ
мֺ档
Ҷؽһƴۼ˳̨ϡ
޵ۼףӦʮϵĲϰɣҶӦòֹһСѣĶϷƷһ£
Ŀһǿϸһλ£Ҳһλ鼫ḻʦĸ߽ײϣίĻҪһʲƵĻѣȻ֮á
Ҷذһװԭϴ˳һƷ߷ϵ裬Ʒ
㿴Щģƺַ
ҶؼƷʮ֣зĲ٣ʵ
ۼףģԾƳʮ׵зţˣһзǳķ֮ʮѵáϧЩۼף̫вֻ֮з
¾ϲĴŴۼףתɫϧҡͷ˵
޽ҲƷƳɷޣҲƳɹҡƳɹңһΪһǿ
⼸öںͷ޵Ϊ飬ȫһУˮϵСͨ
Щ޵ϰö֮࣬ÿһöֻаң̫ôƺüС͵зͲ
½ڵԭϿꡣ
Ҷкһ¡
ͷ꣬ˮϵ꣬Ա̫á
һˮȻˮϵԪɽϮɱΪͷ츳Ҳϡ
ЩƳһˮϵСͨҲԼãԡ
һ»ʸȻȡһֻķӡƿµƿУӡıͷ޵꣬ʦƳһз⣬Щۼף⣬Ƴס
޽
˵⣬Ҷؿ˿ǰֻһɫꪣԶֶЩ㡣һǿǿ֮£Ҳܷӳǿá
뵽Ҷر˵޽鷳´ѡģЩϸƳһ׹׹Ǹʿʹãǲ÷ʹá
ꣿ
½ӹӡƿȴЩȡ
ԭﻹֹţΪλҶѪȥϵļϡѪҲżѵѰʿʬ塣
ڿҶϲһͷ޵Ĵϣ궼УƺλҶϰ޸ɱġ
ʿɱޣ̫ˡ


588 
¶Ҷɱ֮£Ҳֻв룬λ⣬ҲҶشõЩʮԭϡ
ҶĵĻЩԭϣ´ǡһᰲŸõʦΪҶЩƳɹھųϡίʯã䳤ϵŻݼ۸㡣
УﻹƵĺü«ʮһסʮ鵤ҲۡķãʱֱӴ۳ˡ
ҶشӴȡ⻪Ӳӵı«һ˵Щ«鵤ЩΪƵ鵤Ž𵤺ڣԼλ鵤ֻ
ʮһʮ鵤
𾪣˫ȴȥǼ«
ǵǰЩ꣬Ҷ鵤ʮס̶̼δô죬Ȼʮһʮ׵鵤ˣ߽λ鵤ҲƷƷʣʦƷС
ҶԺƬ̣ȥһλʦƷһ鵤Ʒʡ߽鵤ۼãӦЩ鵤϶üǮ
֮£æȥ˼һ鵤
Ҫ뿪᷿ʱ뵽һ飬ԥһ£ͷʵˣ֪ҶǷ޵
һöҴ˴ҪΪ⼸Ҫҩöʮڴպûᣬ١ôҪ
ҶصҲûЦ˵
һλս˿䳤ϣڱפҪչһʮ׵ҪֻʮܸߣҲ̸ܵ͡ʮùˣŵءƫƫʱʮ̫٣һֱȱҲ֪ʮ޵˵оаҶʮٺòˡ֪Ҷϣܷתô
²ɴΪϲ
ʮ׵鵤ŶԭλϼҪʮĻҿ԰ö֪λϣǷ̸ܷһ棿
Ҷ΢΢죬Ǻܿ췴Ӧһ£˵ͷ
ʵϣٵʦϲ鵤鵤
ΪĶ޼࣬鵺ֲҩԽϡ١һöü¯ĵҩΪϣҪͬ׵ҩıһЩԽʡٿ֧
ҶһֱгԣҩΪϣԳҩΪ鵤ûù
ֻҩģ
Ȼ˿䳤ϣչʮ׵ôλʦ϶ҲӦһСͨʦˡңӦûСͨʦĳڣ㲻ָչʮ׵
νĿפʦʱ̸鵤ʱߡ˵Ŀ䳤ϣٺǵ̸һʱ䣬չЩʮ׵
ԴӳΪʦ֮Ҷػûм˵ʦ
һλʶһ¡
һֱæƽʱ̸ٳҶҪĻȥͽϿֱһ¼ǮҲؾʡȥһá
¶ɫǼҶлһλϵ˼ǾһˣҴҳŶȥ
Ͼλ˵Ŀ䳤ϣͷõﰡ
ҶƷϵ裬ͻʸ˾Ƭ̡
˲̫ã±һɫۣĸߴߣ᷿ڡ߲һλʦԪӤʿĿ壬ԵùƧ߰
᷿ſڵļλŮͷԴ߼乧
Ҫʮ
λ߽˺᷿鵭ĮɨһҶصȽʿǼҶΪŽ𵤺ΪɫʱЩ죬һµ
Ȼλϲ˺ɫ»ʮְͽᣬ˿
ϣλҶϣһöʮ׵СһõϢϽ֪ͨϡ
æ˵鼫ǫ
ԪӤʿʦ˿䳤ϣеκһݣзοͬʱӵݵʿǵλ硣
ڶһԪӤʿ˲ãһʦԪӤʿȴǾصķҪֺһλʿ֮ꡣ
κζһɹĹˣҲֻеķݣҲȥʿ
һöʮҲҪϷԴһˣ£ֱӰ²ˣ
üµİֻΪһ𵤺ʿеʮֵĲ
˵һʿ»ŵһ¯鵤Ҫ
ϣλҶҲ˱ϵ䳤ϣһЩʮϵ鵤СҲԹ
æЦŽһ䣬ȻԹɫٶ˵˵һԡŽ仰֪ǰλҶϣҲ㹻λᲢ۵ġ
˿䳤ϣʮϵ鵤
ɫ΢䣬Ŀɨϵļװ鵤ĺ«
ִһ«濴һۣһ鵤ϢʱĿ¶𾪣ĶҶأЩ޷š
ʦʮʦļѡܹΪʦʿһʼߣ鵤ķԪɾ͡
ҶĽ𵤺ʿȻ
ǣЩ鵤ʮһסʮ׵鵤˿١鵤Ҳ
ҶһƽʱӴڣһö˿䳤ϵĺɫ˳
ԭλСҲ˱ϵĿϣʧˣϷԴԭǰ׸ճ֮һʮǰΪʦԽ˿䳤ϡϷѾڰ׸֪Сɹ
ϿöɫƣȷҶصݣɫƽٳ᷿һ£ѯʵ
ϽճҶأҲԽ˿䳤ϣյ֪פһˣҪ¡
Ҷع
ŶԭϽϽŹ۲ŴԣһأԺ׸˵ҪϽɽܹ۹ⲻͰϽϣٻرȴ顣
ϵЦʵҶϽΪʦжˣ
Լꡣ
꣬⡭⼸«ڵʮ鵤ô£
˵ңʮ׵ʱһöҩ飬ú˴飬ֱӴСͨʦڣǿ۷塣ֻ꣬ͻ۷壬ĩڣڲƳʮ׵鵤
ҩ飿
ԣʱĿɿڴ
ɫ˺ü£ҡͷ̾ǻԵϷڳΪʦʱҲһöҩ飬úȴһöٶҩ飬ܱǧ־綾ӴҲ嶾Ϸʮ꣬ȴչڻСͨʦĳ۷壬ٳ޷ͻơ
ҶЦЦӣԴҲ˵ʲôٶҩ飬δؾͱĵҩ
ˣЩѪٻضղŸմѪһֱٺǣϢӦͨʲôж
Ҷʵ
һ£һº˳һҪĻ飬սйأϵʮս²ٺǵ˳ųԱյ롣Ͻ޹ūĴ󱱷ɹĹϣҲμ顣մѪ뻹֪¡˻ϷҲҪȥʱǸɴһɡ


589 
˳ŵĻ飿
Ҷ΢΢Ȼ
ȻѾ˵Ŀ䳤ϣǶⳤȴ˽١еһЩ˽⣬ҲǴϽŴġֻǸ˳ȨƼûж˵ֻԼȥ˽⡣
ȻǸսйصģҪ飬϶Ҫȥġ
ⳡսĸ߲Ļ˽Խ࣬Խлİա
ֻǵʱŹ֪ʲô飿
Ҷͷһ漴ЦȻ͹ˡ
Լһ֮һȥμ˳ŵĻ飬˵һöʮǮ
ϻһ¯鵤Ҫϣû̫ʱ䣬ĵҲˣǶȥ
Ҷرͻʸ뿪̸󣬷ٺǵլԺ

ŻʸΪѸߣԪӤΪԽԽһƫıҶΪĵ顣
ڣ˴Ѫɳݵ㣬ѾɹƳһöϵǱʵҶضԣʸöϵǱʵȡƽ⣬ԽԽá
ʸҲã²˾ϡ
ļգҶغͻʸ׼÷Ǳʵڸۡв
һ׼׵ҶطԸڸУǰ
лʱҲ⣬粽롣
ҶزĻʸ鵤һ븮լտ֮ڣҩ
һյİҩ㣬ҶغͻʸˣڵŵƤϣ
öϵڷϳ֣ٺӵлԵԪӤǣ᲻ϧȥȻֻǿһǳյĲҲɹ
ʸժɴ¶ݡӴȡһӡƿ˵
ǰ
ҶЦŵͷȻ˵
ʸҶأһ˫̺Եĸж
ΪöǱʵؾǰѪǰǰΪ鵤;в֪˶ٽʿ߽ʿСҲɥֻΪһöǱʵ
֪Ϊ̫࣬ǡԽԵʡҶʮɱȴԽԵõĵȻݣĿ㡣
ɣ
Ҷ˵
ţ
ʸ˵ͷ
ƿķӡ˺ȥƿڣһŨ֮ҩųӯĻң˾
ڵһ֮£Щһ˿һҲ޷й
ƿУһö۴С貵ĳ鵤ƿڵسͻƿһ򿪣ö鵤̳˳
һĨβָָСҩ飬Ʊöɫ鵤̻̳ͻͼߡ
ϧһ㵭Ĺ֮£·ߡ
ҩ飡
ʸҩ鱧鵤Ĵҷɣȴɲȥʮֺ档
ҶؽʦʱΪ˾Ǳʵùһöҩ£ѾϸҩҲİ
˵ҩ飬ʲôҩ飿
֪
ҶؿЦҡͷеҩ飬ڷ֮ǰ޷֪ЧáҩǰҩľֻкôȽǱʵ£ϵǱʡٷöҩ飬ʲôЧ
š
ʸ˫ִʮǱʵסҩǱʵֿ
鵤
ţʼ˹
һһֵĻϢȫ֡
ʸϳϸܵ㺹ü΢
ʱ֮ǱʵѾɽҺҩ£Ѿʼá
ԭļϣֳɫ㺹մȾĽϵɴ˿£ڳһ˿˿ģҵ¶ȶ
ڻҩ㣬ͱ㡣
ҶҲʼɫҩʮְԵĵĲǶġ
ţ΢ǿҵĻӿЩһӿ߽׷¼һ˲䣬ͱƳɷɻң¶ʸ覵
ˣͬһŻ֮Сֻǣ沢δ
ǿҵĻҲֻӵлʿܳܣͱˡ
ߵҶأҲһһϺ濾ĸо
Ҷԭδ˫Ŀһ㵭ķâͶâ͸ŨҵĻĶűÿһ˿ϸ΢ɫ
ˣοǷµҩıˡ
ֻǣСһп඼ԼţٻῪڡ
һʱʱһ֮

Ҷļ䣬ʸҧӣһȻʹĻ˹ȥǣڵͼڲϵӿǲ˹˶ҪշΪҽ
Ҷһ˲ŨҵĻ֮У޹ǵĽڻУ̵ĺ촽ȥ
ҩڣǹԭŰ𱬵Ļʱҵ˳ڣҶڿ˹ȥ
䣡
һڵĻ棬һڡ
ʸڵĻϢѸټ
ҶڵĻʼǣѪţѪҺҪڡ

֪˶ãʸ֮˹ҶϤϢʱһɡоҶȵ£ʸ˫ĿȻգϸֳһĨ˵죬Ҳ
Ҷز
˫㿴ҶرǿҵĻ֣ȴǴŵЦӡ
ָҶع̵ա
ʮ˵ĻҶֻжʮ㣬Իֻһ벻˵ܵľ޴ѹʹ࣬ôǿĻҶصڣܵѹʹֻ࣬һࡣ
սڿ񱩻ļ尾
ЦȥӦҶصЦݣ۽ȴɻһξӨ顣
ǵᣬת˲ΧĻûûκκۼ
ǱΪҽ𣿡
ĵص׻Ҷߣ˵Ϊý൤ŴʦʸԸӵҶأͬġұ룬ҲûʲôҺڡգǼѾһΣʣµǸʲôúڵġˣҵĴʦ㣬ջһѪһӡҵüϣǾʲôһֱûŪס
ҶЦ
㣬ܣ
˵꣬ƤһЦıҶصĶС࣬ɵĵֿҶԱص촽أͷһ𣬲ҿʼת𹦷ԼڣҽĽҺ˹
ҶؽԼ壬ʱΪȥڹڿ񱩵Ļ֮ʱٻЩջҪصڣ˹ȥǿĻǱʡ
ǱʵͬʱʼĬ˫޹
ĲһżٴϢ
Ҷڣʸ֮ɫҵĻȻŰǶһ壬ڲѭѭ
ʮ֮
ҶؿŻУƣѾ˯ȥıĿгϧ
Ҷظܵʸڵҩȫڵı΢ı仯Ըƽ⡣Ǳܹѹƻ
볹ƽҪһЩʱ䣬Ѿûд󰭡
Ǳʵ󹦸ɡ


590 Ӷҩ鼼
Ҷؽƣ˯ıһ£ƽһѩ׵Ƥϡһҵڣһ֣һڻ͵ҩϢȫɾһյµ㡣
ңĻջ޴ڣʿؼֻصڣĿһһغŻʸѹ

С֮󣬻ʸѣһ
Ҷ漴Ӵ֮˫ۣһеоô
ûʲô˹
ʸԭشĬ˱
һʿֻиճʱ׼ȷ̽ں֮£ǿķţ޷׼ȷ̽
ǱʵӣǿԴӹϣߡΪڹ̶£ÿתһȦԪǹ̶ġǱʵһ㣬ôԪôЩ
һԪң˹ʱΪƽ⣬תҲԲת⣡
ʸת˰ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫȷԪȷʵǱһ㡣
һԪ٣õԪĵǷٶȺͷϵá
ԪջջõĺôҲһΪ˵֡
Ҫǣıʮŵ㣬תľʱҲõĻᷢƫ߻ħ
Ҷʱų׷
ȻʲôӴȡֻװҩƿﻹһöҩء£һöʲôҩ顣
ʸһƿɳһСҩ顣
ڰзȥμʮֹѲ⡣
˫ִ֯һСҩץסЩĶ˼ۡ
߽ҩĵľҩ飬ӵصԡҩ飬ĳ̶ֳ˵ӶҩΪá
ʸһСҩ龫漴˹ں䣬ССҩ飬ȻһĸоѸɢȫͬķһӿڡ
ⳡı仯Ҳ죬ȥҲ졣
ô
Ҷؿڵκ״
Щ֣ͻȻһϵһԡ
ʸЩɻ˫ִոķͻȻԭʧ
ͬһ˲䣬ҵһֳ
ƿ
Ҷؼ״ɳһ
Ƿϵƿ
ϵʿ˸߽ףһֶƿַûϰ£˲һСοռ롣
һֶ̾ŲҲǶǿܷ
ַϵ˲ƷͻϮֵ֣ܶĹżǿá
Ҷضƿ˽⣬ȫǵһͷϵġ
Ҷڶɽ񣬻ûмһλʿʩչƿλųǷϵŽʿʱҲûмʩչ˷ϵ
Ҳ֪Ƕ׾ʩչû߽׷ʩչǸʱҲսһ㲻ãûĿԼ
ʵϣΪѣķʿɽ粢ࡣ
ΪûнݾûΪĶ
뷴ϵʩչӶʩ顣
ڵķѸһգȻʹʯ߸䷨긴һģʮɣղɡ
ӵͽ׷н׷ٵ߽׷̺ʱĲƣÿ춼ҪһʯȻ̫࣬ҲԳԵ´ʿûжĲù򶥼ķ
ҪһǣЧԡһʿսһʹ÷ʿǿ
ʿΨһĺôǣΪǱطԲⷨ𺦡սʮֵȶ
עطʿһ⵽𻵣ս̴½޷ʿȡս̶ܴȣӵеķмĹϵ
ΪѣѿЧ
߽׷Ľʿܴ󲿷ַĽʿʩչƿָ߽׷ֻЩԪӤʿŰѷ˸߽ס
Ҷʿܹͬʱϵȥϵķôǿ
ʵҪǽ鵤ԼΪԸ߽ΪȥԸͽΪʿмʤ㡣ͬʱǿķԺͬʿԿ
ʸΪ˷ܣڲʩչƿ
̫Сֻʮɣûдﵽޡǳȥһƿ
ʸ˵
ã
ҶȥͷѹŵһͷвСջá
뿪ٺǡ
ҶؼԦϳʮڳǶһ˵Ŀտͣ
ʸʼȫʩչƿɲǼ䣬ƿ߰Զ
ʩչƿʮ˲ʮ⡣
ƿСͨڼģ
ҶؿһĻȫֻĿɿڴķݡ
ô˲䣬ʮ֮Զ
ţǶ˲»صҶߣԵޱȡ
߽׵ƿʮɵʮ֮˲ƾ롣Сͨ׵ƿɵ֮߰ľ롣ҵõƿƿ߰ɣСͨڼƿȻʩչ˷ҲĵļΪֻʩչôΣڷѾȥ롣ʮβͻ᳹׺Ĺз
Իʸ侲˿̵ľϲܣҲݣϧûзȻҩ鴦õһϵԼ޷ֻһֱˡ
ƿãǷУǶڹУƿ߰ɵľ룬ת˲η塣ܣķ䲻⣬ûκκۼѰɱе˸޷׽ȥ򣬾ݷɽҲ޷ʱת䷽׷ķʩչһΣҲвοʩչʮΡ
ʿƶͨ٣϶̣һмѭ޷ƿȡңͻԪӤΪ֮ƿԶС
ҶЦ
һԶǰҲ㣬㶷ڿԱһ˭ˣ
ʸһЦһ貵һɿеƮȻɣ޲ɷ
һȻֻǻϵ׳зٶһ㣬ʤڼΪ仯һһĻϵ
ʺԶУƽʱõһ׻ϵɽ
ԻʸĴϻۣڵһʱ뵽ɵһƿϣ̶ܹȵķӳ
ð
ҶЦ漴ɽܵĴн
ɽֲ崦ƣκһܲ
нһɫ漴ԱΪǿı˫ټ»ȡСͨ˲ҲСĽ˿ĵġ
ʸŵҶصΧһǧɷΧƣСĵѰ
ǧɣְȫʱܽƿͻȻϮ
ȻƿԷҶصĴнķǿҲôƵġ
Сġ
Ҷؼ潩֣һͬʱһָ̽һɫâʸͬʱн󣬳ȱڡ
ʹҶֻǴ̽ʽһ̣Ǳųһ亹
ǧĻʸҶطɽһһȣ˲ʧԭء
˲䣬һɼΣյϢҶص࣬ͬʱһϮн¶֮
ҶһҲǱȥĽ𽣣ڿǿۻأ¶Ͻȱڡ
нٴκ£ɽâǡ

ǵĺâɽ˻ȥ
Ҷٿࡣ
ʸɿʮԪСЦĿ
Ҷش˿е𾪣ݡ
һغϵĹֻ̽֡
ɾֻ˲һΣͱƵ޷ֹֻȫԱƿͻϮ֮죬޷ֵ
ڶϣһСʧ󣬾
ʵս֮УķϵСͨ˲Ϊ£ȫȵһˮͻϮ
뵽⣬ҶزЦ
ԴнӦԣԱû⣬Ҫ빥ȴǾ޿ܡ
ңĶţҪѾ˼Ҫʶ׽ƿ֮ȥԷ䲻Ĺ
ʱڣҶغͻʸںϣΡ
յĽԼǿһˮȥʸҲ֪ɽڣӶ˱ܣ޷вʸ
ֻǣҶһˮ佣֪˽̾ԶԶ߽ὣأԷˮ͵Ϯ
ҶҲóȻԷɽȥԷ¶һ˲Ʊͻķ
˶֪ԷֶεĵƣĶԽСģȴ֡
ʸΨһȱǣʩչһƿҪĴ˲ƣûܷһɹͻϮΪơ
һݵĶ»Ҷ̴нʤδЩȤ
سǰɣԳƿˡҪԳʤµúüС
ҶŴ޷֣Ц
ⷬȻûнǱܰƵأսѾǽ𵤺ʿеĶʵ


591 źԼ
Ҷغͻʸٺǣÿճ֮⣬ʮ׵鵤СͨѾ˺ڣѼȥպսҪʯΪ׼
С£һζ
˺ͽԼõһգҶԼǰٺǵ̸󣬰ݻͬΪ˱ϵ䳤ϵĽԴ
ԴЩոճɹһ¯ʮ鵤ö߽鵤Ϊ죬һ嵭ĮϣȻҲЦ⡣
뿪̸һģһٺǵķֲȥ
ϣ飬жλ˵Ŀ䳤ϻμӣ
Ҷʵֻ֪䳤ϵ٣Ǿ٣ȴһ֪
ǣϷô֪ɽ磬Ҳֻˣ֪䳤ϵҳ궼Ŀ䣬ҲĿ䡣ÿһε飬п䳤϶μӡֻһСٺǡɳǵĿŻԶɳǵĿ䳤ϿδϾμ顣
ԴЦ
˵λӦö֪䳤ϵ
Ҷʵ
ֻ֪ԼϵĿϵϵ֮䣬ϵΪӣһʱҲ˵
Դҡͷ
ⷽ˽ⲻ࣬뽪ָһ
ҶسϿҵ
ҲãϷڰ׸Чһʱ䣬֪һЩĻ飬˵˵ɡ
Դһ£˵ͷ˵
ʮǰһܼ׿Խʼ漶ʿ½ɽ綫ɵɽأˡ˴֮ʮλͳš
ֻǴԼʮǰڲһ޴ķΣλߣħˣԳΪͷӴħ˺˷롣ĿǰֻʣλĿһֱûб
˵λΪ롢ϵֱͳ춫ϽµÿһϵһϵţԼһλ
ڣϵλǳšȻλƹܺϽϵڵڶɹС񡣡
˵ԴͻȻҶʵ֪˺ħˣΪζΪˡ
ΪΣ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ΪԼ˳˵ԼʮССԼǳ˳֮֡
֪һԪӤʿ½һԼɣ
ֻԼеһ˿ǵ½ѷΪʿǵԴء½ɽ粻ڹģԶΪԼٴԼԪӤʿ˵ִʿɱԪӤʿ㽥ˡ
ȻΪ˵Լž޴磬ڧŵһŴɹʿߣԼħˡԶɽĿǰһԼΪħ˵ԼҲǴˣ󲿷ֵݶֻͬзǳҪһĲ֣˵ʿͬһԴֻҪ漰ķ磬󲿷ʱֺ
Դһ˷ѵԵɣȻ˵
Ϊ˳Լƶ޸ĵȨԳŵĵλϵġ˳ŶµԼϸɽκһλ;ͷܴ
šѡƾپʵԪӤʿΪ˾ְϡѡ෽ɾͼߵʿΪϵĿ䳤ϡ
ʿ٣˸ϵҲļϡϽɹʿֻܳΪ䳤ϡϵǲԽġ
ħأħ˵ĳҲһ
Ҷʵ
ħͬп䳤ϣֻǾͷȨҪغܶࡣ
ԴЦŽ˵
˳Ȼλ𣬳Ա⹫֪λУһĿ䳤
̸һ㣬ԴҲɫ֣˵
λ໥ֻеһڳǵ˳ܲΪݣⶪʧ
⣬˸ϵλϯϣһϯϻᣬӵмȨޣǲʸе֪ÿһλ䳤ϵ
λϯϳڳǡ׸ǵȸɳǣֻҪʱǲŻټϵĳŽ顣λϯ֮䣬ʵ棬ҪԼսǣ˵Ĵ¼ϯϲŻͷ
Դһ˵Ҷɻٽ⣬˵ĸ߲һ£ǽյ飬Ǳϵϯټ

ԴЦ˾жٿ䣬ֻϯϲҵǲ֪ġȻһЩԾĿ䳤ϣڶǳ˶֪ǻһЩչصĿ䳤ϣ˸ϯ֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ǵĴڡֻв볤ʱЩ䳤ϲŻᵽƽʱЩʿΪ֪
Ȼᵽٺǵ˷ֲֻҪУʲôš˵Ĵԣǧ꣬ǰѾˡ˷սʱ죬ִо岿ѡ
Դ
Ҷ΢΢ͷͷһβμ飬Щ˽⣬ȻǶ

ԴҶһ·ģ˵ٺǷֲ
һΰĴ̽ĹǽΪۡϣһɫңߵġˡ֣ԼٺǷֲС֡
⣬ŽʿзĿȻ
ﲢûжʿ֣ٺֵĵطԵʮֿյ塣
ĿյأѾͣһЩݣŸɫţΪ͵Ȼ̫ע⡣
Ϊ˷ֲֹʾƣڡ
ڴǰһһҶغͽԴǰӭµ˵
ҶغͽԴûж˵ԳʾһɫĿ䳤
еĺɫƣʱһ΢ɫâϷߴֵ˱ϵ䳤ϡּ
ƵĲʮ⣬ʿһʹ÷⣬סʿķϢ
ʿȻõ֣Ϣͬ޷⡣ͼǿнϢĨȥҲÿһ䳤ϵƣΨһģ޷ٱʿʹá
Ƕ˱ơ
ȷϹ󣬹һڣʱֻüʿԶϽĹţ̫ϳܺ裬ٹݵˡ
飬Ǳϵһڲ顣˱ŵĳԱϯ֮⣬Ͻ޹ūĴɹĹ
ŵ˳μ顣
̫ϳϣ
Ҷһˣɳšܺ蹰һֳЦ񣡡
Ҷ֣
æЦŻ
Ҷڽ𵤰˲Ϊ𵤾Ųһ㣬ҶԴӼϽλϣϵĵλʵҪٹ߳һأҲҾ֡
ҶϡҲڰ
ܹҶתͷּԴһ΢΢ɻ
ܹͰ׸ĹϵȻʶԴλǰ׸ճϵĿ䳤ϡֻǣ֪ҶôͽԴλ䳤ϣһٺ˵Ĵ⡣
Ǽ˸߲ʿʶƺҪ̸ʶȤ˻ȥ


592 ǰ
ҶϣǰЩ˵ȥѰҵطչǱ޳ԪӤ磬ڲŽڰ˲Ϊôôˣս֮£ȻһϽ㹻ȥһԳԪӤΪء
ЩĿҶأЦʵ
һһʮܵ۷塣ǰЩչѾ˳ʦһ䳤һǰҸջصٺǣڳﹺһЩɺͽϣԼýһμ顣û뵽ҲӰ׸ǣٺˣ
ҶЦЦһ¡
ȻˣȥѪʿƻٺ飬ͲˡҪΪԭͻʸҪͻԪӤھ磬Żصٺ
ʦ
ܹһݲȵӣ˿Ҳ¶ݡ
̫ϳܺ裬ȴǴϲ
Ҷ֡˳ŵĳԱ
дվһԵٹݣʱɫԾҶأ޷š
ܹķȣδϵһųҶءΪϽһļ̳ˣŵϵʿĽֻǴӲֶѣһҲҶع׽ıž롣ʼվãһսʿΪϽϣ̫׵ήϽۡȻ֣̫ϳϵ۹⣬Ҫ̫ࡣ
ܹʮҶصĳɽ൤ŵʦһһʦ
ɽʦϽвʮʦרΪڵĵ鵤ԼΪϽµ̸󹩻ССɹٶṩһЩʦ
ǣʦһʦȻͬ
ʦ߿ƵƷƷ֮ĵҩʦʮƷʮƷ֮鵤ܵ츳ƣʦ٣ʮƷ鵤ĲҲ͡
ʵϣ󲿷ֵԪӤʿû㹻ʮƷ鵤ԪƽʱֻܷþƷ鵤ΪԽߣЩͽ鵤ЧҲԽȻٶԽ
ԪӤ֮ʿǱʵ㡢ȵȣҲԵҪ
һʿӽ𵤳ڵ𵤺۷壬㣬ԼҪʮ굽ҵĹ
ԪӤڵԪӤ۷壬󲿷ʿľǧԪ޷ﵽֻţûгھ
Ÿ߽鵤Ĺ٣ԪӤʿΪصӰء
Ȼˣܹ֤鵤ԪӤʿٶҲ̫ܹ䣬嵽ԪӤڡʣµԪгԣʱȥ׼ھ硣
һʦҪԣ֪
ΪˣһʦһΪʦλʸΪ˳ŵĳԱЩ䳤ϣҪĳλɹɫʹ˸ϵҲǺ
Щ˳ŵĳԱͨͨɹԳһӴ
Ͻһλ˳ŵĿ䳤ϣϽɴΪ
ŵ˲Ϣͷ
ҶϣϲɺذⲻҫϽҫȴ˴֮Ǽڳҵطúþһۡ
ܹ֮࣬ЦҶصأ˼ֵϣ˼͡
ˣϣпգҲһɣԴ뿪׸֮ҿδ˽ˡ֪Щ꣬ںδãϿԺҶһ֮̽
ܹ΢Ц
ߵĽԽԴҲʶܾǰʶ
֮ǰ֪׸ɹ˥Ѿ޷⡣ɹڵճϣһùƽӹ޷ԦЩʵۺԪӤϡԺλճ뿪˰׸֮ЩԪӤϼĻҵռˡ
׸ʵˮҲֻʣԪӤڳϡһЩϵʿܱ֤׸ȣȡڣǰ׵ݻҵҲܼȥ
Щ뿪׸ԪӤϣȻҲ˱ɹĶ
Դ⣬ΪԪӤʿʦ˿䳤ϣλ𣬸ͶͨɹҴ£һһ
Դƴڶɹ룬ֻڶѰԭϣ
ٺҲ⼸飬ϽϵҶأͬʦŻһ
ܹҪ£ԴԴϽɹϽͬʱӵʦͿ䳤ϣԾᱱ֮λմ
ܹˣд顣
лܹ⣬ĳ֮Ҫȥֻ²а
ȴҡͷ
óŵ˼ڱ֮λδ֮ǰȥͶϽڹͶϽɹȵ֮ٿҲ١
һɹλ˵׼顣ʱϽκһɹ̳˱λҲһλʦ
ϽҶСһλϣҲϽĸԵҽĳȻӹ£ֻԵȤ˲ٴɫǶҶСҲΪڶ磬ҶСģɲпգҺҶС߶߶һ֮
Դ˵
磬ʿǻܵء
һ;඼ǸԿżܺ͸߼ʿĵãôȻö˵ҶߵĽܴԭǳڶҶ
λרеòˡ
ܹЦ֪£ķӦδ⡣
ڹǰ̸ʱһݻڹ󷽿յͣ£ϵɹʶ͡ޡ֣ʮۡ
һͣȣĻ޷ʿȺ߳
ԪӤкʿһ߽۵ӣԼһ׷ͯյߣһϷ緶
ȴһɫ԰׵Ľʿ£пһȣĿʹ䡣
޹ԼϣʿȻ޹ٹΰ
ܹܴϣףҲڣδñΪ
һݣĿɨǰϽʿӿЦݣ˵޹ϽΪ˱֮λѰϰˡЩܷϡ
ԭϵˣ겻Ϊٰ
ܹҲЦŻ
ҶСϣ
ɹĹ紺ĴкǱΰһҶҲĿʱһâ
ǰҶضȥѪʮ޹ĽʿǰѪɳݵͼΧɱҶأû뵽Ҷս˸䣬ʧأص޹󣬻ܵ𷣣޹ҵļڷһ겻档ֱȥ꣬ĸ飬űӱų
һֱ벻ͨ˼ҶôãҶôƵ
϶ϽµնŻ޹ĽʿʧءҶһ֮ӵһСͨսô޼ɵĺɱ޹ʿ
ΰɫ΢䣬ĶҶأͬһ㡣


593 ϯϵĲþ
Сֶôˣ
ܹΰӵĵҶأɲʵ
ߣܹöʣ
ΰһŤͷδŵѯʡ
ΰ񣡡
߳ΰһܹɫصҲֲΰ˷޺ޣǰЩѪɫ֮Ѫɳݵ㷢һͷϡޣ˹һЩʿǰȥɱ˭ϰ;⵽һսķϮ⧲֮£ʧأȻݽһĹڵսƺһϽϳܹ֡ҲһʣǰǲϽĳλϼԦսǰѪɳݵ㣿
˵ţĿȴһҶء
ȻûֱӵȻָҶء
ǰΰΧɱҶһս޹ĵϵ𵤺ʿʮ֮࣬νʧء
ΰΪ£ٹĵλϳ
޹ڳ֮ջûаΰٹϳֻǰһı߽Ϊ
ԭʵҲ򵥡
Ϊɹʵ޹Ľʿ˽¶ɹвٶΰЩõͼλϵĬݡ
ΰҪϽҶСϣΪûֻҪ޷죬й¶СΰҲȥϽĳϡ
ΰʮ𵤺ʿΧɱҶأ˵ʮþȵĽٶʤ㼫һɹ֪Ͻ֪˭ɵģҲֻץϹķݡ
ϧΰջǳУ壬⵽ش
λ޹ĳ϶ΪһʧܽȫѹΰϣϽ̫սƻ˲ΰұ޹ٹ֮λ
򡢽ʮġΨһм䣬սھЩʲôˡ
Ѫɳݵ㣿Щ꣬ϽһֱΪս׼Ͻսλ϶ҪսȥѪɳݵ㣡޹ϽͬΪɹ²½ۣ
ܹ΢΢֣üͷǽǰ£Ϊֱӳͷ鷳Ҷص¡
ڣҪҶԼ뷨
ܹҶأҶϣԴʲô˵
˵£ҵһ
Ҷ䳰ĿΰǰǰѪɫ֮Ѱһ徻ĵ׼չǱޣ;ȴһȺ²ݵĽʿϮϮҵЩʿȻнΪʵɱһЩˡΪһֱ֪ʿݣ޷׷飬뿪Ҳûн·ϡ
˵⣬ҶͣһΰĪǾֵˣɻ޹Ľʿô㲻áûдϣлһ˿䳰
ΰʱɫΣû˫۶ðŭ˵ʲôҪսɷ͵Ϯ޹ʿĶ֣
ҶϮ֮£Ȼٹйˣ
ŵɫ̳ҲļǿӲϽҶ⵽޹ʿϮ¹ϵشһ£ɳ˵飬鲻ܾˣ
ܹ޹һȺʿѪɳݵ׼ɱޣȴͻȻ⵽ҶСϷһҲҪúòһǡգɹʿ·ÿһĻǿ֤ԣҶϼԦһսȻ޹ʿЩ볤һǡ
ĿɭȻζĵѾ֮ãҰѶ޹֤׼ļ֡յ֤ݣ㹻һٰϽҶϸ¡
ԴһֱۿһĻδ˵ȴҡͷ
»֪ҶرǳŵĳԱô޴뷨
ɽ糣궼ʿ⵽Īʧҳ֤˭ɵġ
ǣܹҶһһͣȻٹд¡볤ȥ޹ٹҶС֮ĳͻⲻ
˱ϵ飬ʼλųԱλϯ
һƽ͵Ĳӹڴ˳ڵ˶
ܹһۣڡ
صأ˳ųԱԼĹ⣬ɹʿûʸȥġ
Ҷϣ߰ɣС£źܿͻᴦ׵յҪ£飬𵢸ˡ
Դƽ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ΰһſڣȴʲôҲû˵ͻȻһǿҲĸо

ٺǵ˹ڳǰڲҲǳ򵥡
ڲΣֻǷһŵĲݱѡ
ѾʮθԪӤʿڵʲôһ̫۵ߣУΣΧʿ̸Ц˲Ǳˣ˱ϵŵϯϡ
Ҷֻ֪ӣҲһλΪʿ
Ҷس˽Դ֮⣬һҲʶһ£ֻۡʿֻһλһȺԪӤǰԵüΪн
ҶؾȻ谭Ľ˼һ³
Ź߸ǰ˵˼䡣Ҷغ޹ٹ֮ĳͻ򵥵˵һ¡
ŶҶϮˣ֮ǰһλĿ䳤ϱ
߲һҶ˹
Ҷضʱһɼǿʶɨ˿
ҶϮ֮£ֱӵĹϵ
ߵĿܿתѯһ䡣
ϣģ˺ųԱ顣ΰֻ˽˶ԹҶЩͻ޹ָʹһᡣ
΢΢һɫԵýӲǧ㣬Ψû㵽ҶؾȻǳŵĳԱ֪ȥûз̵ĻᣬֻǾܰеΰһϣٴ¶޹ĳ
һ᣿ϮųԱǺصģ
߿һ
Ͻ޹ĶԹҪΪ漰һϵŵĳԱʵ¶ûС

Դ˵ĲҶغ޹ΰͻ˳ŶԣȷʵһǳС顣
ڼٵǰӴûж˼ȥС¡
Ҳûе飬辭ŵ飬ֱɴþ
ܿ죬һŵִʿг޹߳
Ѿ˾飬޹ʿΰ˽ߣϮҶϵɣץв֤ʵ
ִʿ˵
ڴǰļ̳ȥڵȴϢΰץ
ʲôΪʲô
ΰ˱ˣҷ
ΰ£˽Ϯ䣬̷ϳΰ޹ٹ֮λ޹Ӵ޹ûκǣޱ˵һ䣬ҲûпΰתشһٹƽϢȥۻǷǳġ
ڵ⣬ʮɹʿǵĿ£޹ٹֱӱѺ뿪


594 ׼
һС粨δλϵĹע
飬ܿٿ
ϯ룬ʮųԱϯΧΧ޾
Ҷص͵λãȺԪӤʿм䣬żĳλĿɨʮֲڡ󲿷ĿⶼΪ⣬ûеӵ˼
Ͻ޹ūɹĹ򹧾ڴϵĶ档ֻҪһûгΪûкʹƽƽʸֻͨݹ
Ӵϣ˵˵Ĵԡ
Ҷϸš
ʮǰ˺ħˣѾֶѪչĴԡÿһϵѪһɳǣΪѪչĸ˭ɳǣ˭Ͻ
ҪһɳǣǼ򵥵顣
Ѫɫ֮ɳǣʿǿҷˣһпѪսԱ⡣
飬λϺ͹ҪΪ鱱ϵѪɳǵϸ¡
飬ʵɱֵġֻΪ֮ʱδ㹻ɹ̳д˴λԣɱϯΪ֡
ӴϵԲϣ˵ɳ֮⣬ұϵҲҪѡһλ챱ϵսλһ°ɣóһ
λųԱܿ۷׷
ܿ죬мλ顣
ɹȻ֮λôԸһСɳǣɱޡ
Ϊꡣ
֮ĴɹĹѫ٣λ
ھǣɱޣĴɹƾ¡
ùѫɽĴͳֻεĽƷǱĴλ
ҳֻٲã档λǷͬ飿
Ӵ˵
໥һۡ
⹦ѫСȷնɱȷѫСɳǵĹģѫС
һ£ʵ
ɣһ֮ڣλûһɳǣôĹնɱ޵͵ȽףѫСһλһɳǣֱɳǵĴСģѫնɱһ㣬Ϊ˹ƽ֮ڳŲκ֧ԮȫʵλɱޣɳǣҪλۺʵֻʵһλʸʶλ
Ӵ룬Ц
˷ƽū顣
ūĹһλĿ毺õЦ˸ˣӼһģֻǶĳϡ
Ͻ޹λԳδȷԡ
λȻû飬ôڱ㰴˵ĴͳͶǩԼɫǩΪͬ⣬ɫǩΪԡɫǩɫǩôͨɫǩ˰ɫǩô顣
ӴϴʱɫȻ
ŵһִ³ϣóһӵͲһѺڰɫķǩ
ڳλųԱÿ˸һǩͲͶȥ
ҶغĿ˿ˣһ֮һǩ
ڳͶǩ
ʮǩͬǩԣ÷ǳԭʼǩʽͨԼ
ɱϵţһԼҲζŴ˽޿ɸġ

ʱ֮󣬱ϵλųԱԼλ½뿪ٺǵķֲݶȥΧڵ⣬ȺϢĸɹʿõµ鱨Ҳܿȥ
˴飬ԱϵɹӰԶǲδ̫Ĺע
Ҷϣпգһ۾۰ɣ
ɢųҶЦ
Ҳã
Ҷһ£ͲǰʶĽԴǣŹһ뿪˴ϾϽĵ峤ϣϽҲҪһ
һϽʶݣɼϽĽʿԦߣٺʻš
ڣֻŹ̫ϳܺ裬Ҷأٹˡ
ܹĴܺ衢ݶˡ
ϽԼһɳǣôһٺǲСģɳǣҪķʯû󷨣Ҫʱ깤ƾϽʵѵʵȫҵ׵ϣҲ첻һɳǡ˱ϵɹʵһ㹻ǿɳǡ
ϲɸ΢΢һܿ侲ˣһɳҲ̻Ϊʿ֮жضȫ򡣵ϽʵǵѣҲֵסȺ޵͹̫ϳϣžʲô˼
֪ƾɹ֮첻ɳǣҲס޵Ŀ񹥣ȴ⣬ҪһɳΪնɱޡɱ޵ȽףѫС
̫ϳܺȴǲ˵
޸ϵô죿
һ£ʵ
ҪµնˡɳǱ죬Ҫı棬޵עȻˣҲɳǣޣǷֻСɳǣСǰеķִ磬Ҫúðղǡ
ܺЦ
ϽԼһɹʵһСͼɳǻǿģüɳɱΧС壬ǵõѫð취
ܹҲ˵ͷתͷҶصҶкδ㣿
ʱٺ𵤾Ų۷壬׼ɴ١ƿ»Ҫһʮ޲УҲһʱʲôҪҵĵطֻ˵Ͻܵñ֮λ峤Ҳܵõٷ㡣
Ҷسһ£Ц
Ҷģٺòˡ
ܹǺЦ˴γѪҪһϽȷ֮ˣɳǣյΡ˵ͣһҶءܺ衢ˡ
εѡ֮С
ϷԪ࣬Ϲͷ֮ǰΪϽһ˴ǰѪǣϷȷɣսҲǰʮѣϽԪ
ܺûܹѡֱ˵
նڻʵûʲô𣬶Ϊ۵ĸð֮١̫ϳܺ㹻ʵ޵ս飬ҲûʿΪʺϵΡ
ܹĬĿܺ裬ճصĵ˵ͷ
ã˴̫ϳܺһ֧ȷ飬ǰѪһɳǣꡢλԪӤϣϽӣԼ˹飬·ɱʿݶسں󷽳ﱸʣԹǰ衭⣬Ҷϣһ֧飬רŸϽսʡҪϵһս;ҲҪ޵͵Ϯϲɹ͵Ϯɡ
Ŀ⣬Ҷء
Ҷ΢΢죬ϽսʣǼΪεˣܵΡܹ˾٣Ҫ֤ûа˿


595 ȡ
Ͻݣٺֿĵ·ϣʻš
ϽλҪ·ϣһЩҪ׼׵Ͻƿشֵģܹ̫ϳ϶ˣһ飬ϾͶ
ʱ֮ҶɫƽϽݣʿȺ֮УڵĽֵϡ
꣬ӵĴԪӤʿʿӿٺѪɳǣٺǳΪ˳æɳ֮һ
ٺǹģ̫Сɲ̫ʿвٵͽʿڳ⣬߸ĺפյĸɫɽâȻǰ죬ҲԵüΪҫĿ
ħ˾ͷݣĿ׳֣Ż·ڶʿǵľ̾²⣬ͨɹݣڳ洦ɼۣû̫һ¡
ֵ࣬ӻ̯
Ʒ׵Ƹ߽׽ϵɽıر߽ײϣǮһʯһֻ
öŽ׺ƤƷѥĺö
ڶӶӿʿţռϡŹֵĲϣ챦ó̯˳ڶĻһüǮ
Ҷ沽ţŽֵϷӵƽ˼
ܹŵ΢һ£ѾӦ
ΣյѾ̫ϳܺȥɡΪϽ峤ϣֻǴӺǰѺսʣǰ߳䵱ڻңҲ
ҶغԼÿһʵһڶȥĿܡΪʵ˳ųԱϽ峤ϵݣҲͬһʵ
ȻѾǳŵĳԱǻҪϽһȺʿڵԽӴԽȫ˶ɢޣڶɽǼѴġ
ϽҲǿʵԼ˳ųԱӰ
˫һ£ȡ衣
ܹøԭ
ͬҲսԭ
ڿԤڵİڣϽ֮䲻ܲ϶

Ҷ߹ֵСصԼҸլſڡʱˮƹòŮʿŮʿҶأȴҲϵãʩ񣬡Ҷʦ֣ȻЦ뿪
λʦ񣡡
Ҷؼˮƹʿ֣΢΢ЩƣæĿ뿪
ˮƹλʦã㣬ʲô飿
Ҷصߺ󣬺ͱլԺڣʵ
ԼʼϽ¸ɹˮƹϽټһСڵˮƹӣ׼ٺǣǰѪɳǡλʦýңǴĿš
ʸЦ
ҪټȥѪ
Ҷһ½ñǰΣյѪʵڲġ
ĿţǲһˮƹٺǣٺסţϤ˵صҰæٺǴһЩɹ񣬲ҪȥѪȻɹʿƵǱսѣԶûеսʱ򡣡
ҶţЦҹҲ֪ʦǲǰļȥѪģҲֲȥҰһЩ֮񡣡
ͺãԪӤ֮ǰǰѪ忪սʵǲȫϴθɱҪʹս¸˲ֺ
Ҷһڡ

С£ƼٺǵʿԽԽ࣬ʸٺǣˮƹĺڣæµ
ϽȫҲʼȫ涯ԱΪ˴γѪɫ֮׼Ͻڶ࣬Щ£ҲҶλķ
СڣҶֻٺǸլУ鵤
һգҶյ̸һ̴ӵĴѶһǰίƵļѾȫɣǰ̸ȡ
̸Ҷûоõȣܿ㱻쵽һ᷿С
̴ӷҶƷƬ̣Դ̸ⷿȡâı䣬װʢŷϳʽҶǰ
ҶϣɱʦҶϵҪơѵʯҲѾҶϴ۵鵤п۳Ҷһ·
Цŵ
ţҿ
Ҷ΢ЦףֱӴװίƷı䡣
һ䣬ۼƵз
ڵļзδ͹עֻаƴСȥʮ־
ʮ׵ۼУһ޵ۼ׾ƣ˶ԴŰʮͷšȴأʹƽʱϣҲء
ۼУҲƵۣͼϣһЩǿƷģʹɫеķӳɫ
ڶ䣬һ޽Լ̸ѡĶľϣԼöƵʸɵһ׹
Ҷһ߲鿴
ۼзԷɽԼķ֮ǳɫҲڶԵʱעʱԶȫУһɢĿ⣬вıٷЧ
ҶصĿ⣬ЦŽ˵
ָָǱ˸ߣ\ɫƹɫҵĳԼһ¨˵׹Ʒ׽׷С֮ͨ䡣õ˶׵ľΪʱ˳һ彳ʦơһƷʼߵ
ϣѪۺͿĨҺĶףӶҺһɱǿĽʿĻ֡Ȼû鷨֮ЧƼҲ侪ˡӦģ׹Ҳ֮硣

ϸһ׷ܵɢѹҶҲ̾һ
պ׷Ҷؿһ׷Сͨз
׵СͨΪѵã˵ΪԼ޵Ϊ飬Ƴɵķ
С֮ͨǿΪڡ飬ͨʮϵ޵ꡣһû飬ʮ֮
Ҷϣ׷зʹãԵ뾫ѪԿ
ָŴʱŲȭͷСʮɫСУβɵһЦ
׷ί̸ƣЧҶҲûмɻıҪ΢΢һͷָ⽣âһһξѪǿ֮ϣһӡ
ŴѶϢӿҶصԺԭǿɢ򣬷·һ㡣
ͬʱɫС鶯ԾĹһͷ״ģޡֻӰֳ飬һ֣ЮΧҶ鶯ķ
էһ仯ҶҲȻһ漴ʱĨȥǺ󣬲ŷ


596 ɱɱ
ҶضСͨİĴڣһСͨ׹žֻžڲ顣
лһСͨԽȴһͷԵĻΪ顣
СͨǿʿΪ÷Ƚ׵ķķԪԪ߶ܼ飬ӳ
Ҷصʶ޷ͬʱʮ
ֻҪٿ飬޲ЩУʶÿһС
ס޷ССͨʮУ򣬼ԭΪ飬׷ϡʶһʮСбơ
׷ľҪպ֪
Ҷض׹âҫĿзΪ֡
޷ʱòˣΪԪӤʿ֮󣬿ΪֶΡ
ԼãȥҲƵļǮ
ôʱڱ⼸׷Ƴ·ˣѷýɡ
ҶЦ
ҶԵȣϴμ۵ʮһסʮ鵤۳⼸׷ķãдӯࡣѾ㣬ڵȫƷʯҶһ¡
æЦŵͷһС
ãҶر뿪̸󣬷˳ڸլ
ۼףͱÿ˷һסһ׶࣬ǷҪʹҲ޷ʹãֻΪá
ǱƷʼѵ޹һͲ޼ʸȴˡ֮ǰѾɫꪣѧײĸ߽ʿؼսʵΪԵ޹֣ԶҲܷӳǿս绢

Ҷشȡط֮һɽϢ˺ħ˵ܲڳǴ˿Ѹٴݵĸɳǡ
˺ħˣ󶫺ΪӴʽ䲼ɱͨ档
ɱڸɳǵĳſڡ㳡ΪĿλã
ٺΪѪɳǣҲڵһʱͨ档
ҶżȻŲɹϣϲʿ䶯ԵϢһݣæǰٺǵĶŴ
ֻٺǵĶſ洦Ѿۼ˳ǧʿɽ˺¡ǽһŴĿľ޷ɱͨ棬ԶҲһš
Ҫ忪սˣ̺꣬һҪᣬɱǰһǧﶫλֵܣζʿٳѪҲȥѪŪһöԪӤˣˣ۳ԪӤ棬λֵܸ۳ĺģң
һಲӥǵĴ󺺣ţĦȭƣһԾԾԵ顣
ϴ˵ǣ
ϴԪӤʿ̺ţԳһ
ʮɷʿ󺺣Ѫڣ׷״УѾɱˣǴ󺺷ԪӤԪӤƵġ
ǴƬºҰܳʿʮʿȥɱޣĪǵѪ޶Ǻǵģ
ûѾѪ֮ڡ
ΧĽʿһĿ׷׵
ڳſڣĳȱȽǡ
ҶЩơ
ȻʮԽԽţҲ֪һƴսѾüޡɱİ䲼е𺳡
ʽ棬ζŶɽٶ忪ս
Ҷ޷ſڣԶԶȥܿͨϵּ
湫ʾɽʽսɽʿ֮Уһȷ棬ǰѪɱʿ߽ޡ
ɱһ䲼ɱʿ޵Ķʿޡ޵Ȳϣ˺ħȡȲȵĽͣҪ̸
ͬʱг˴ĽƷ
ЩУ˴ϡؼϣ޷̸֡һЩԪӤʿ϶ЩϡƷȤ
ԪӤּ۵鵤Ҳڹ֮СκʿֻҪɱޣȡԪӤ
ϣЩʵݵĺô֮⣬һЩϵĺô
ͬʱɱ񡷣Ϊʿɱ񡷺͡ԪӤʿɱ񡷣񵥡
ÿ˵ĳŻеսһСʿɱޡ޵սСȺλڶÿһɳǣĿĵط
ʿɱߵŽ޵Ȼнʿɱʮϵޣǿǰ
ԪӤʿֻɱʮս
ɱԽ࣬ȻԽǰ
˹İ񵥣¼ʿÿһʹѫʿܹڰǰ֣ʣһҹ֮䣬ﶫɽ硣
Ҫ֪ʿ֮꣬ҪǼѵ顣
˭սߣ˭ķǿ˭ķ˭ĸǺã츳ߣЩʿ˵˱顣ѪսɱһΪǲӲʵ
ɱϣǰһǰһǧǰһǰʮⶼʵʵ֡ǰһעҪΪҫĿʿǿߡǰһǧҲһ޷ڰ֮ռһϯ֮أôֻȻˣΪ֪
һɱ񣬲ʿ֪ʸضɽʷպǧꡢڣΪ˴̵ĶʿĶɽ紫
ЩڶɽʷϴĴʿһǴѪɱϳģÿ꣬һѪɱɽܣսǿʿս
Ҫ˵ͨʿˣҶֻǱʿɱ񣬾֮࣬ҲȻĶ
ҶԼʵֻϽһЩʶıɹʿУ΢ЩѡֻҪһɳǣû֪˭
ɱϣǰһǰһǧλռһϯ֮أû˭̫һ¡
Ǽһ㣬죬͵ôɱ񵥿϶ԵҪڽɱиţǾͱʩչȫսȥ񵥲У޷Ĭȥ
Ҷ˼ɿ졣
ԭ㣬ǱⳡսУΪ˺Ͻڻң˶ûԩ
ǿɱɱ񵥵ĳ֣֪Լ֮ǰ뷨Щƫ
ⳡսֻڻȥսǡǡ෴ǶɽһǿʿսˣҪݰ񵥣̶ȴ̼ʿⳡս
Ҷ뵽вɿЦ
Ȼӡɱ䲼һ𣬶ɽ翪ʼһģʵλһеĹѫ𶫺ľ޴֮ɱʷǣעֻɱǰһСʿͨʿͬƣֻǵǿ
Щǧ겻ɽϹ֡ʿƽͨƷȤǶɽʷᣬԻȻġ
ǧꡢŻһεսɲ˭ôԪܹϡ
˵ĸħ˵ĸλͷΪԼܹڶɽʷ´϶Ѫսϴ֡Ϊ;ͷ޷ԪӤɱ񵥵ǰһҲ
ֻҪ΢еҰĵʿԼȻ˵ʿĶɱ񵥡
ҶĿŸոհ䲼ʱһƬհ׵ɱ񵥣˺һת뿪׷ŵٺǶš
͵Ĭ
ⲢζţȻˡ


597 
ɱɱһ䲼ɽƱãɱ֮Ũҡ
ɱ´֮һڣ˵һȷʿ飬ɸɹԪӤϼʿӣԼһСʿ׷״ٺǵȵصĴ󣬽Ѫĸݵ㣬ʼڻҵѪɫ֮
˺ħ˵̣ڶνٹ̡ȻҲдڣûκһʿսˡ
Ѫȴһ
˶ѪʣķΡ
ѪΪڶðʿƼ֮أӡ
ǰѪѰĵرѰʿɱƵʿרŽӲƻ̰ᱦʿҶ֮ǰаޣĹ޵ȵȣֻ֮һѪƬѪ֮
ڶɱĳλɹĵϵʿǲĳңôܵѪܷͷǸѡ
ʿȺޣûɱ˵ðյߡ
ֵطʿ໥ɱûԡ
˺ħ˵ĸɹ˷ѪǿƽƬ֮ء
Ϊ˳ʿսѪһʮֱҪ
˶Ѫֱ´Ҫϴ˷սаʿͼ˺ħǲѪֱӽ
˵һѪȸѹʱѪʿ׷ΨǴӡһʱ䣬ҵѪһӱðҲûʲôʿҶȻս˵Ȩ
Щսǰס
ϵĸɹ׷׳Ѫɫ֮ϽǰѪʿ׼Ϻ󣬴ٺӳ
ٺ㳡ǰѪĴ
Ҷյܹļϴϵ㳡ϽΪ׵һȺʿɾȡ
ʮԪӤʿԼҽкʿӣΪӡ
Ͻܹ̫ϳܺ裬顢ԪӤкʿڳֻسں󷽣ﱸսʡ
ֻϽʿо۱﹬ɳһλԪӤϳ
Ҷлһλ׸ԪӤʿ
⣬ϽϵеʮСɹҲǹӣɳԪӤʿʿϽһǰѪ
ǸϽߵĽϣϽܹ̳˱֮λһЩϽɹҲմ⣬õ޴ĺô
ϽԪӤʿȻֻλǼЩϵеѺɹʵѾǿ
Ҷؾ֮࣬ȴû̫⡣
ϽڶѾԶĲۺ񣬻ͬΪۺԱһʿΪ档
ܹɹԪӤʿ̸Ҷص΢Цͷʾ⣬ȥλɹԪӤʿ棬ʶһ¡
λҶô𵤳ڱΪɹϣڶǼ亱˵ҶѧϽĴн󣡹ϷһҪúüʶһų޵еĽ󣡡
ǺǣԺѪеǻʶϽĴн󣡡
ɹԪӤʿҲλϽĽ𵤳ϸе棬ǼټҶش׷Ц̸
ҶѾЩϰԪӤʿĿ⣬ĳϣҲûоɹĹǣһһ
ֵ˰ʱӸظĳ飬Ѿ롣
λ
ܹ˶ˣһȵŵϽʿѪɫ֮ɳǣɱʿλɹͬ汾ͬѪмѪգλضҲ˵˷忪ս޿ɱġ
λͬУڴ̺ɱºպչѫɱռһϯ֮أ𶯶ɽ硣γһõĻᡣɱķͣ𶫺ɽڵλȻҲЩѣֻڶĸԸ˴γǰ;գη壬ڴս֮䣡
ܹ˫ֱɫׯأ˵
ʿԪӤ棬ǽʿȻ
ԪӤʿսУȻղСԱֻ֮ҪΧļʲ
ʿڴսУ޶ϣֱ֮ջǺܴġ
ˡħˣ˫˳ﻮ꣬䲼ٴ󲿷ԪӤкʿսҲӡ
ҶظΪϽսʣһֱѪҲҪٺǺѪ֮䡣
ܹһͣ٣ϣǣ֮;գҵʿƴԪ鵺Դ㾡һֶΣǿ󡣴ҵ̤֮;ʼҲûй徻Ͱȣ
ʿһƬ
ɹĵϵӵܣʹɹÿ¹һʯ鵤Ҳᱻżί񣬲ðзͬС
ɢޣҪÿΪʯ鵤ޡᣬзգǲ˵
չӲȵٽһ̣ͬһѣһСı㱻׺Ļҷ
֮;ûκνݾߣʱʱ̿ðա
ڳʿ֪
ǱѪɫ֮ҪȵĶ࣬Ϊһ¼ٷսһս»١ǧʿѪɫ֮ôϹսַźĸʿ
ֻ밲ðκηգɣ£
ܹ࣬ԴʮǰϹʿɺҵµÿһأÿһ죬ȾǰʿѪսµѪеÿһʯÿһÿһö鵤ÿһЩǰװ׵ģΪǰʿͶսɱڶסŸŵġ
Ϊɣÿһ鵤ÿһʯÿһɹɵĻʯǣǶմȾǰʿѪǿ֮
ʮ˺ħˣΪ˴鵺Դ˲֪ǰʿųɾͶɽĽգǵУд˵棬׿Խ֮ͨߡѵǾͲ֪ѪգͲ½ȵɣѾȥǴ˶һƬɻҵЩʿ㡣ҵȲԶɣգΪ˶սҵΪԼһɵ
ܹһԣĻÿһ䶼ϣɡ
㳡ѻȸɫ
ҶվʿȺУ侲ϣҲ΢΢ݡ
Ѿ䲼ɱཱͷ
ǲս£¹ѫߣݹѫСĽ鵺ԴֻвμսʿʸȵõҪõ鵤ʯҪõϺõķǿʵսõѡ񡣸λк
ƽʱҲѿࡣǽղͬգݲɳӣйͣй߷
ڴ˴γ֮Уܺˣκελ
Υߣɱ
սͬߣɱ

ܹ˵꣬ϽΪ׵ɹԪӤʿ㳡봫ȥ
ʿɫԪӤʿǰѪݵ㡣
˴γ̫ϳܺ裬һ֧ʿСӣѪһɳǡ
ܹʮԪӤʿʿսӣɳΪն·׼ɱǰƻɳǵʿʵϣֻϽȷս½ţ϶ҪӺ󷽳ĺʿѪǰս
Ҷش˴ҲҪǰȥǵĵص㣬ΧĻ̽вźеסϾԺ൱ʱڣҪǰ߸Ͻʿսʣ϶Ҫ


598 ɳն
Ѫɫ֮Ұݵ㡣
ϽһȺԪӤʿʿ飬ٺǴ͵ֵһݵ֮ںΪٵ⼱ٷУȥ
Ҷ֧֮УʶĽʿࡣ󲿷ֽʿȴ֪
ϽһЩսʿҶصЧʮˡɹڽʿҲŹλϽ峤ϵĴЩηĽݵλĲ࣬׽
ȻλʿߵĽ
ϽλܴС㣬۱Ľɽӣ﹬ӢأλҶСӵɹϵʿ֪Ҷصıԣûʲô˼ɡ
˶ǸɹĵϵӣȻؾľԪ߶׹žɱά磬ӽڵ䵽ڡŽڽᵤľ飬·ýͻƽڣҲһȽ׵顣
֮ǰҶرܹȥһȺϽ˹ԪӤʿʶҲǰҶشкȵܹһ˵꣬ʶӳѪ·ϣǲǰ
Ҷ֣
Ҷ磡
ˣҶ󸽽
ҶͿǣѾ˽ΪΡ˵ˣǽĲ㡣˵ΪһβСĲࡣ
ҶصͷʵǼǸǣɱޣ
ûȻɱʹ죡ҪǵĻ϶ָӺ޵ڻҡȻ۵ʵɱޣɱһЩ߽޻ȫԵġ۸湬ĳǰѪָܶȡһЩѫҲóɱǧڡ
ӿĭɣ
ǧڣѰɹֹǧ֮࣬ÿһɹ඼ʮʿп϶ôʵǿĽʿɱǰǧǸŽɱڰһǧռһϯ֮صģ¶ǽ𵤺ʵǿʿҵȼڲŽΪĹǣ
ҡͷʮֲǰ
ɲ˵磬һʼȡѫδؾͲЩʿңսڴĲң޳ֵ٣ɹڣǷȫ׼һЩˣܻ۴սľ顣ȵսСڣս´ļңǲҲ𵤺ˣСĽһЩϣɱǧڡ
Ӵ̴ʮ־Ѻôȥˡ
ǶɹϵʿɹĴôôڴɱ񣿡
ҶЩ֡
Ҷ֪ǲҲаѾɱλ·ϵʿļ̳еλպ˾ְСĵϵ𵤵Уλļ̳ˣռһҩ԰ִµλãƽҲвˮôҪסڹĵλ˾ְɱռһϯ֮أԽǰԽáǰֺܵôҪϵӸȥûЩôԺӻѹȰѹѫ㣬סڵĵλ˵ܲܳǧȫ컯ˡ
ؿЦ
װɱλ·λ˾ְĹ涨
ҶؾȵĿˡ
Ȼ
ɱɱ֮˺ħ˵ĸɹڿʼ¹涨ֻǽ𵤵ӣԪӤϵλҲҪհ񵥣λ
ҲͷȻϽ۱͹﹬ҲƵƵǲò뷽跨ɱռһõλá
ϵǾ۱ĳϣǰۺôҲиʲЩˮҪ°ɱλλãˮûˣ
ɽ޵ҧгݡ
ɹĵϵʿ඼ǿ񸣣ռ˹ڵĺλãŪѵʯһɥʧȨͨʿһȥʯǳࡣûʯҲζû鵤ûϺõķʿΪ
ҶصȻ׽ɽΪʹޡ
ҶʱæԼ飬ҲٹϽȴ֪ϽҲ̨Ĺ涨涨ûӰ죬ҲϽ׵峤ϡ
ʿȻȷ˵ԪжܹһǧꡢǧꣿɹҲװǣھΪɹЧʱˡȻķգǲɱ顣
ȴƽ˵꣬ܿʵҶ磬ʲô㣿
Ѻսʵ񣬲ڵս
Ҷҡҡͷ
Ҫ֣ǲڡ
ѺʣⲻǺ̲սҶĿǰڰ˲ʵսϻ۹ѫĻӦúܴսɱһ֮ڣǰʮҲ˵׼ڲս̫ϧˡҶڲսȹЩ˽ھŲ㣬ҲѸ
سԾ
ǰʮϵܣЦɽǰʮ϶ǽ𵤾Ų۷ʿֻǵΪܹӳʿǿʵҲڰһλãҶʵǿɱǰʮ
ɽ۾
˵ϽĴн޵нɲ˵ҶھŲ۷壬ܷӳнܺͰԪӤʿȡкڲսɱǰʮҲδزܣ
У˵ױգһϮƮƮȴӢ˲
ɹҲûи֣ͷλһЩʵۺĴɹʵǿĽʿʮһĽ𵤺ʿеģϽų޵еĴн󣬿δؾһʤǡ
ΪҶصȻִ
ҶصЦδȥ

Ѫɫ֮򼫴󣬶ʿѪ˲ټƵľݵ㡣
Ұݵ㣬ݵвٵĴ͵죬﷽ԲĵҵҴ඼Ƿֵƽԭɭ֡ɽʺϸֲ֡з˾סڵϵĻЩѾǧˡ
ĵΣʺǳء
ҶضҰݵ㣬Ϊ˽⡣
ЩѪռĺܶ鱨Ǵ͵Ͻ߲ġ
ϽҪɳǣǿ˾Ұݵĵ졣
Ȼˣ⿿ϽɹĲҪһľмǿɳǣûָġ˵һϵҪһɳǣҲһ޴Ĳ
̫ϳܺ裬һʮʿھҰݵѰ岿䡣Ѫ岿伫٣ҲһЩЩ岿ʿǣʮֻ㡣
һϣ͵ȡģɽʯϵľģĿʼһС͵ʯͷǡ
˵һɳǵĲ衣
һһʯͷǡƺóǳصĴģھʯǳ壬ľ콨ʯͷǲ󷨷һɳǵĳΡ
ڶʯͷǵĳǽϣسǵĽ󷨡һСɳҲʮϰ﷽ԲǴɳǣǧҪ˹ģĽĲĵط
ʿɳǶӡݾӣӪɳǣɳΧĸԴɳúջسɱҪǵˡ
ϽʵܹɵĽǵһ
ԪӤʿͽʿҲ
ԪӤʿһȺʿɢΧѲӣԷ޵Ŀ̽޳ǵĽչȻǣȻҪװģϼӽ䱸Ϊ棬ǰƻǡ
ܹһȺԪӤʿʿɳĵĵȴʿɳ̽ӡȷСӳ֣׼ɱ
ɳǣǿԱơÿһɳǣζŶʿȡһȹ̵ŵ㣬ǿĿΧһƬ򣬻ȡһƬĸԴ
ûɳǣ¶ʿҲ޷޿֮á
˶ţ޿϶֣޷̶ʿ̣ѪƽʿѪǣԿֻ塣
ڣʲôʱ֣жǰʲôʽƻڽɳǡ
ܹܺЩıʿʵҲ̫ҡֻŪС͵ɳǣڳһǵӣСǰ̽飬ɱҪǶ̫޵ˣҪԲ˶ߡ
ʿʿѾԶǼߵ壬թޱȣҪϵס
޿սʿʤĴ࣬ԼҲ֮ѡ
ս޵ȻȶԪӤʿҪ࣬ҲϧʹޣһǣͶʿɱ
ս֮УʿҪ񣬾ɱЩĽ𵤼ޡ
ԪӤʿԸεޡ


599 С޳Ͱ
ҶظϽĶҰݵǵ죬Ϥһ´˵ص֮󣬲δôպ㷵ٺǡ
ϽھҰݵ㶽ʯͷ֮⣬вɹݵҲʼǡ
һʱ䣬ֲѪݵʯǣʮ֮ࡣ
Ȼˣд󲿷֣ΪնļɳǣԻ޵ġҪɳǣܹı¶ػ⵽޵ȫ͹
ЩʯͷǷֲ㣬Ҫһƣ볤;棬ΪʱƵޱɢǳء
ϽĳأԼٹں׼õĸ鵤ʯսʣҶһ֧С飬ÿȥѪϽɹɳǵľ͵졣
ҶΪСӳǣܹΪӳǰսսʷǳҪҲܵõһЩĹѫԶܺս϶õķѫȡ
սʣҲòöٺô
Ҷ뷨Ҳ˵ʲô
ǰսʵȽϼ򵥣ɴһķա
ӶҰݵ㣬ǵִѪ֮󣬴Ӿݵ͵ǵĵ죬һķաޡޣҲĻϲʿ
Ҷÿ´һսʣִѪ֮󣬶Сģʱ任·ߣ鷳һЩҲⱻʿϡ
ʱ䣬ҶȻڲϵľ
ǿΪκһͼ߽λʿΪӵͷȴ¡ÿһʵпڽĴսʵס
ֻҶأѪսϵʿÿʱӽǿʵ
̫ܺϳһ岿ʿǵ£µʱ䣬һΪ׳۵ʯͷǣ޵ϡ
һʯǣܲע⡣
ڼ䣬ż̽ӵټ֣ӼԶʯͷǽп̽ΧѲӵԪӤʿ֡
һССʯͷǣСģĺ޳
̽ӣΧһ߽׺ޣ̽ʯͷǣͼʯʿʵ
СģĽ棬ʯͷǵնȻ

쬣
Ѫգӹɽâ
ҶشһС𵤺ʿЯһսʵִϽǵص㣬ǡ˺޳ǵһĻ
ǿ£еĳȺи߽ޣǧȺһӿϵ죬ва˽סŽ׵ĺޣݣΧʯͷǡ
Ҷؾ֮࣬Զۡ
Ҷ磬Ҳȥɱ
˫ԾԾԣȥɱĳ嶯ֹСӵλϽĵϵʿҲΪĶ
ȥĻȥɣҾͲȥˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵սʵĴϣôðվսȥ
һ£Ը༸£Ϊһ磬սȥ
سǵ̫ϳܺ費Ųæʮкʿسǳķɱϵƻǳصĺޡ
ʯͷûлǹַ˫ֱⲫ
ʿȻӸ£վٱˡһҲݷɿɱ
Ⱥĺ޽ʯһΧ˫ɱĵ췭ظɳʯ찵أѪɷ졣
ϽһȺԪӤʿȴɰΪ̽ӿسʵ
һ󹥳ǣڳںΧһԪӤʿɱΧˣѡ
ⳡСս۽ʤѶҶص˲ŷУսʡ
Сģ޳ս£ÿ¶ᷢôһΡ
һϽҲСջ
ǰ̽ǿйǣŵһȺԪӤʿΧ֮£ɥʯͷǸûѡȻϽһҲεС޳֮ʧ˶ʿһԪӤҲˡ
ǣ˼֮̽̽Ҳȡ˽ѵҲûпԹǣֻһЩ޹ǣ²Ÿ̽
Ҷǰߣż޹ǣȴڹսδɱޡ
ÿսҶضЯϽʿɱջĴ޲ϣۼסۡѪ֮࣬ٺǣ̸󣬻ʯһʱٴǰɱʿ
֤ɱ޵ƾ֤ʿֱӽ˺ħ˵ĳţ¼ѫȡƷ˵ɱ񵥡

ҶسѪٺ֮䣬Сģս¡
ڵս²ңֻС̽ѣʿǶΪעģԪӤʿɱ񡢽ʿɱ񵥡
ŶʿӿѪ֣ССɳǡ
ȷСӣҲѾɢѪУ̽鶫ʿǶ
ѪټƵľݵ֮У֮һľݵ㣬ǻƴ
ɱ񵥣ÿµףͳƻ۵ĹѫλһΣǰһǧڶɳǹڡ򣬼¼ʿĹѫλ۸ΪˡҪѯѫֻҪһö¼аˡ
Ҷÿǰս֮ʱϰϻ˳ֹһö·Ͽµɱ״
֮ȴĬ
Ҫʶɿɨʿа
㣬Ͻʿλһǧ˰ɱ߽׽𵤼һͷͷ
һЩơ
սĻἫ٣ż˲ɱĻᣬսٵĿ
ɽأ˵̫ԶˡսߵĽɽһ嵽˶ǧһǰһǧܽÿǰһǳѡغҲǧ֮ڡ
Ҷرȣôһ
ҶصҶûҡҶսʣȻʮҶشʼոûжȥɱޣаȻҲ֡
ɱϣѾʿռݡ
ǰʮǰһǰһǧһʵ
ЩϰĽʿΪصĺ
ڰ񵥵ǰһָļǿɢ⣬ǼͷԼһЩɹĵϵӵܣΪڽ𵤰ˡŲ֮䣬ɱһͷˡŽ׵ޡ
עĿģǰʮ
߾Ӱףڵɹ޽̫껽ϵʿڡһˣѾɱͷŽ׽ޣԼΪٵ߽ס˽׵Ľ𵤼ޡ
ͷĵϵʿǰʮ֮
Щ߾ɱǰʮǰ١ǰǧ֮еĽʿԼɹȻ˼עЩûɢʿ̳Ϊɹ£Ķ
Ҷ磬ΪʲôùȥսҪսĻڿ϶һ֮ڣ˵ܳǰʮ𶫺ɽ硣
ŰϵϽĵϵûнǰһλʮֲ
ʲôɱ䲼һء
ҶҡҡͷЦݣҲûڽ𵤾Ų㣬һֱں󷽳ＯʣһȫŲ۷塣ҹƣʱ𵤴ɣ϶֣ɱǰʮʮɡ


600 ɱ
Ҷش󲿷ʱ䶼ٺǾĬĬΪÿǰѪһΣΪϽսʡ
ȻѴ󲿷˼ϣɹעսϵľơ
һΣȥ
ʿѪɳǣԴ̼ޣ޿ʼ֯СģķˣѪľ
ȻԪӤʿɹɱ˲̽ӣЩ󲿷ֶԶ๥٣ԪӤʿΧɱһޣȡòսһԪӤʿսһͬ׵ޣֺãսܡޣҲ޷ɱ޽ݶȥ
ʿȻնҲе͹ʵʱ򣬳˴ʿսܵİ
һͻȻȺ֣ʿ׼㣬עһҵܡһĳǳرݻ٣ʮʿɱԪӤʿҲɥ֮֡
ʿײкͽթʿ𾪡
Ѫսʿ໥̽СĲ֡

һգҶغһ֧ʿСӣھҰݵ㣬ϽʯǾ޵򼲷ɶȥ
Ұݵ㣬вʿû˺üʯǡ
Ѫ޳ûҶ֧Сÿζ·ߡ
һ𵤺ʿһҶ۸߽׷зռٷš۷ٶȿ죬ͬʱʿʹʡ
ʱҶڷףʶһ۲ΧĶһĬĬŹ
꣬𵤾Ųľ硣
һ̤𵤾Ų㣬ѡֱӳԪӤƿҲѡ𵤾Ų۷壬ȥԪӤڵƿ
Ǹո̤𵤾Ų㣬߻ǽ𵤾Ų۷壬ܹԪӤھ硣
ֻ󲿷ֽʿھŲ۷ʱȥԪӤھ磬Ϊ𵤾Ų۷ԪӤ磬ԸһЩ
ȴڷһ࣬棬ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ôˣ
ҶƳһۡ
ɱ񣬾ԽԽˣѫ۵ԽࡣϽ˽ǰһǧߵһλϵֻжǰ١޹˱Ͻλߡ
һöƲС˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦȴӻһ̾ϢһԹ
֪ʲô޷ǹĶȥǰ߲սΪϽһǰλ
д㣬Ȼ׳֡
ϽĽ𵤵ʵʵǲɱǰһǧľͶڸɹ֮ΪҪ֪˺ħ˸ɹɳ𵤵ӳս£ȡߵ
ֻϧϽʵǿǱߵٹݣһֱû֣ܳûиϽһǰһǰʮλϽӵҲ㿰
Ŀǰ߾Ӱ׵ģȻ̫껽ڡ
ʵǿռ˰֮ãΪϵĶ𵤺ʿһˡ
ҶضԹ׿Ľ޶ɹ˽ⲻࡣ
ǰʯʵʱżһЩϽʿ̫껽
̫껽εɹ̫껽ϵӵܽ٣󲿷ʵ൱ɫ
˵̫껽̫ϽϽ֡
̫껽̫껽ϽϽһ¡
ǣֻǡ
ϽСͬ޵С̫껽ȴûС
ֻϧϽĴнС潣̫̣ǧ꣬ҲѳһλܹϽʿż֣Ҳʲѣδдɡ
ϽĵӣֻеһɽɾͲ
̫껽̫껽û鷳
Ͻкų޵еĽȴԶȲ̫껽ڶɽĺպ
Ͻӣһ̫껽Щġ
Ҷسһ£Ҫ˵ʲôοͻȻĿһݣǰȥ

һȺʮСʿɫǱѪɡ
ЩʿķµۣңˣֳַҲưܣȻǸովһѪսսϰ
ɶ񣬲һͳɹɱͷŽޣôͻȻ޴ŴȺ޳壬϶޲õ壬򲻻ôɵ飡
Ϊ׵һʿܻķ޺ޣôЩĲʡҪܳɹɱŽޣڽɱϵλȥһ
ϴ޺ΧһʮʿֻӳһС룬ʧʹӵԪӤ棬Ҳ޵Χ֮սˣȻصɷô򶡹
ʿ׷׵ǡ
صɷһȥһλԪӤ棬ŭ𷣣ȥֻҲǵùķݣ
Ǻɥ
ϴô죿
βûɣҲˣȥ֮󣬿϶ҪҪӵǻ治һᡣ
ʿǴӶѪٶΪᱦʿа޳ħ˵ĵɷʵǿĻϴеͷ
ǣⳡĲҰܣȴǷˡ
ɴɷͶˣ
һɽĸߣϴɱ˺üͷŽס˽׵ޣ½ɱٰʮҲСˡͶʲôһϴͶαػȥɷͶɷҲ޿κΡ
ɽʿδЩͬϡĵǰ;
ãô죡
ϴ꣬ɫӣݺݵͷ
ǵɷĵϵҲòá
뿪ɷȥɹĳҲһǰ;ڵĶɽ磬һλΪأֻҪܱסԼκĵλ
ֻ֮ǰѪսͻΧ֮Уʧ˼׷ȴǼΪʹ
Ȼ䣬ϴһ
ǰһҶۣڼٷС
¸£ǸһƱ̻һ㱾Ǯ
ϴһҶۣͻȻЦ
Ѫɫ֮ʮаޣֵ١ֻͶħ˵ɹ֮󣬲òЩءҪ뿪ôˣȽһʺ˵
ϴɱǼʿ˫а䲼ͷɹӣһ֤ɱ⣡аȫ𣿡
ɽʿȻһĿ˸
Ѫսÿ춼ôʿ˭йȥˣҲΪǱɱġøɾ㣬ϣϢҲй¶һƱȥѪݵ㣬Ͷɹǣ˵ϻߣ
ϴĿ¶׹⣬˵꣬һΪһɺâҶڵķ򼲷ɶȥ
Ҳã
þûˣŪҲ
ʿһۣȴǸ¶Цϲɫ
һʿûٸɹ֮£Ҳˡ
һʮкʿȶԷ֮ȫܹϾɱҲûʲôõǣһۣ̻ʮɫ⣬ϴ󣬳һҶۼȥ


601 ˲ɱû
ҶǰȻɫһ䣬Ȼվ
ôˣ
Ҷɫԣǰ򣬿ٵĺÿ죬ʮʿɢңǵķ·ǳģ
ʲôܴܿ䣬̲ٿطۣзˣ׼Ӧս
Ҷسȵ
ϣ
Ԧ۵ܴ䣬ԷٿطۼתȻ󷽺ȥǰǹʿϡ
ӳλϽĵϵʿҲ̾ļԵķ
֧Сӣ࣬ȴǾϽĵСӡҶλ֮⣬Ͻĺĵӡܴ곤ϵĵλҲǳԳϵĵϵ
ҶλϽϵǾԷӵġ
ҶվڷϣĿԶʮΧ׷ɽٹĹâ
ѪԽս½ţԽȫ
ò༸־ⷢ⡣
Է֧Сӵ࣬ʵҲڽкڣθ죬ݡ
ҶЩüǣΪ׵ʿŵĺâƺа๦Ĵаޡ˺忪սаҲͶսѪսϵʿӣβ롣
ǷһתʮҵʿɢİҲһ䣬Χ¹Ȼͼ϶ʲô顣򣬾ԶΧ¶׷ǡ
Ҷϣȥʯǻмʱ·̣»ûеҪ׷ϡҪҪȷؾҰݵȥѲ߶ӣԪӤǲ
ܴǻʿ׷ᣬɳԾڶҶλϷǣҶҲֻһ𵤺ʿѡԷڣԶһΧסҹѣ׶༪٣
Ƿ½أѾѷؾݵķסˡҶ磬ô죿
ֿɽŭȻΧϽʿ٣Ҫֱɱȥ
ܿ죬ʮɫ⣬ѾӸΧ׷˹
޷ǵΧ׷½ء
ȻѲˣҶظɴ롣
ʿҪλɹʿ
Ҷˮʵ࣬Ҫһ䣬ҪȻɱˣԷ˭֪ҲĪʿķΣκɹʶǶ֮ǰѾժˡ
֪˭Īǻ뱨𲻳ɣΣҲҪˣҲ޷ӻ죬Ѫպаޣӵ£Ҳǵĸˣӵţ
ǰĺ󺺻ϴ󣬻âҫۣЦ棬ɵҲ֪һʤȯգҲûʲôù˼ɵġ
졭ǺͲܴʿһѪаޣЩСطе˿
ҶһϮϣüͷ΢аɫȴƽ糣
ϴϸҶ̬Щ⣬һʮʿһΧԷ֮˾Ȼһ˿źɫȻʶˡΪҶ̫ƽԽջ
ٷϻЯķʣ־͸һȫʬָܻӳȥϴ󣬿ڽɱ񣬸ߴٶλĽ𵤺ǿߣҪʹҲˣҲʡȥһ翹ףҲʲô˵顭¸£лϴڣһȺʮкʿѵǻ߲ɣ
ʿɽʿżֵ⣬ɭЦ
ϵĽʿԣȼʿɫѿ
Ȼǽٲƶаޣɶ񣡡
ǺʿڽɱϵλȻߴٶɱǰһǧ޲ۺսĽ𵤺ʿڸɹպĴڡ
λٶǿսûʵĽʿֻ̾޷󼰣ҪڰϽǰǧѡսĽʿϽҲ˶ѡ
ô죿
ϽļʿһۣĿжǺڰ֮ɫ֪һȺаޣǻھҰݵţٰȫЩϧ˵ʲôˣҪʱܷؾݵ㡣
ɽʿһ䡣
ϻ֣
ǻϴҶƽ侲̬Ϊ˳ۣѾȫʬԶƽϢͷŭ֮кȻ쬵һȴһڡֱϵҶؼȥ
Ǽһ߱޷һīƺǳһʮɵ߱ޣҶء߱ޣޱȵȳѪȣۻ̼֮串ΧɷԲ֮߱ףΪһͷöźɫŨҺŴڳ˹
ʮʿҲӸΧ˹
ܴѾԴһֿطһн۵ĸС߽׷״̼׷״˳ȥ
죬Ű׶̺
ˣôôʱҲò𣡡
ֵǣǣЩǵˣ
ģСɫôôԸ
Щи߽׷ʱʮʿǱƿԻȴҹֱƽ
ķɷס
̫٣޷ͬʱӦʮкʿΧҲֻЯĴҪǮһ䣬Χа޸˿ҪӲȥʮн׸߽׷һͨըʿҲסԲ
ڣҶص͵һʣд׼սõķҲõĻ̱ꡣ
ۻ෨Ķаܿƾ󲿷ֵķа·˼Ѫ
ҶؼǺʿа֮࣬һЦſâһɫâԪɽɴн󣬻ۡѸٱƽ۵ۻ̱֮ǵĴнâƿ
Ԫľˮ
ǱߵĻϴһҶسּʱɫ΢䡣
ͨһʿֻȥһԪ
ΪͬʱԪԽ࣬ĵԪҲԽࡣԪһԪ屶֮࣬ϺʿΪ󲿷ֽʿΪ˱֤Ϊչȥ̫Ԫⵢ
ǣǰӲϵԪ˽𵤺ڰ˲㣬ڶɽȴǳˡԪ࣬սȻǿһݣǺʵġ
СϽʿѵɱǰʿǲԣϽûнǰٵĽʿ
ϴͿҶءϵϽʶû̫һ¡ʱеһ˿ԣеڣûŪԷʵֱӶ֡
Ҫ֪Ȼͬǽ𵤺ʿսҲһսǰλĽ𵤺ʿһǰǧλĽ𵤺ʿɵ顣ǰʮλʿǿ£ɱǰǧ𵤺ʿڻ¡
ϴͷǿԭһնɱԷԴǻûܵ߱ޱƽۣ㱻һͨը˻ȥ
ҶѾоԾ
ϴҲǼΪһоԾ̾˺аһӵϣʮʿΧСӣսپ
ʱ䶸
ڷϵҶأĿкâһһӣâȻӷϱ
ں߱ʱ򣬺Ȼɫ⻪㱬ɷԲϯȥƬۻƬ֮Уɽľ޽ǰһĿĺ
һˮ֪ںʱѾڽ֮ټΡ
ϴԻһ㱣һҧ⣬˲ѹ
ʱۡһ졣
ķºͻѾѣһâ͸ͬڵĽ𵤣һ𱻴ơ
˲˲ɱ
ϴͷȥĺš
һ˲֮䣬ɱٶ࣬Ľ𵤾Ųʿ
ʬ׹ѪΪѪĽʿ֮һ


602 ףһޣ
Ǻ̫죬ʮʿûܷӦսѾ׽
ô£
ѻϴɱˣ
ôܣϴڽɱλٶκһɹǶʿֲһ˲ѱɱҪʵ
ڽɱϣǵǰʮսڳһս
ͼ۵ʮаޣĿ¶ɫ麧Ȼ
Ҷһ֣ɽգۼ˻Χ
ҶĿɨʮʿ²һɱ⣬ƺѰһֵĿꡣ
ɽ߱ҶصĿɨ˸飬ת㼱ݶȥ
ڽʿγѰعʱɢ㻯Ϊʮ⣬ͬš׷֪׷Ǹ
Ǳ·ͬʿսϰߵĻϴһ·˵ءǱϴɷɹǡҶصˣŽһʺֲսϵʧ
ڻϴһ˲ûͷðգֻɢ
ˣһȺں֮ڣһΪǶ´ϣǲɡ
ֳַɽûüԶɱһǺɢˣɷ߷ߵ
ܴλϽʿҲȥ׷ɱЩаޣֻǽ׹Ļϴʬ˻
ͬ𺳡
⼸ǼûҶض֡żС⣬ܴǼˡ
һȺаʿűƵҶزò֡Ǽ˴˿ۼλٳֵϽҶϣսǿᵽ˺̶ֳȡ
ܴ䣬߰ɣ콫˵ʯǣٷ⡣
Ҷص˵꣬һڷϥƺʲô鶼ûз
ղȫ˲ɱԷͷ죬һȺаޡ
ֻһСʵ
ҶشʼҲû̫ʮа޵ΧڵֶΣֻҪųԽȺаɱһʣʿٶ༸Ҳδκε
ֻû㶯ͷӵеɱﵲ̫˽ʵ
ܴˣֶ֪ΣֻΪʵ
ã
ܴɿӦţ߶ۣϽľ޵ʯǷɳ۶ȥȴĽĽʮ벻ͨҶʵΪʲôμսı£սڶɽ

Ҷءһ·£ʱ֮󣬵ִһ޵
ҶؽսʽӸ̫ϳܺ裬СӳԱڳʱЪϢСգռϽʿһսϻõĸԭϣ׼ٺȥЩҪЩʱ䡣
ͻȻһһŴ˹
ҶȻӹʶһɨʱȻģԸܴ˼ԭϣԦϣȥ
ܹĴֻ˵ǰȥ̸Ҫ£ʲôҪ£沢ûἰ
Ҫ£ڳ˽ɱʿԼѡ֮⣬ҲûʲôرҪˡǸйأ
Ҷת䣬Ѿ
ʯǵΧѾ깤ڵĸֽвʿڰ˾ʯģ췿ݡֻϧûκη󷨣ֻһտǡ
ǳĳļΪׯء
Ҷصִǰſڵ׷׼Ҷ΢΢ͷţ븮ڣϵܹ⣬ٹҲڴ˵ء
Ҷ֣ˣ
ٹݼҶصæһˬʵЦ
֣㲻ϽﱸôôҲ˴˵أ
ҶЩ죬ʵ
٣سģյã·ȴûҶ֡
Ц
Ҿ·ߣ·ϴˡ
Ҷص˵ͷ
˷ԼǰҪ̣ѯǵ
ܹҶصˣЦЦһֹ顣
޷
Ҷæ˵
£ǶʵʮǰŶԹѫСѡĹء⼸ϽνѾѪþֶΡ޹ūɹҲû˿ɡĴɹ֮ĹѫڿԪӤںͽڵɱаϣĴɹλҲΪӽÿλб仯ȴʼ޷پ롣
ܹһ˵ѡޣѾʣ಻һʱ䡣Ǿȴֲ£һŲ̽䣬òǣ
ҶغݶˣĬĬš
Ǵ˴˴ζȡλĻᣬһο±֮󡣶ɽƱãϽһԪӤʿƶҪţָֻһʿˡһܲӿôԪӤʿԤϵġ˭Ҳ֪֮Ͻûʵʶ֮λ
ʱܹͣ˵ãǲسǰԪӤɱ񵥡ͬʱҲϣǶ˳֣ȥռɱ񡣡
ҶȻв²⣬Щȡ
ҲĿ˼졣
֪Ƕڽ𵤰˲㡢𵤾Ų㣬ǳԪӤΪĹؼʱֻһʮлʶԪӤ⼸һֱںͳʣҲǲϣǹĲսӰ쵽ǵĴ㣬ǵͻƵԪӤΪⷽĿǡ
ǣ޵һ꣬ÿһϸ΢ƶΪؼǽɱҲ
ĴɹԪӤɱĹѫ޼ĻôɱĲҪ˶̡
ݶ׿ԽΪǽھŲ㣬ѾΪɽ׼ϰꡣҶϣǧһλϽнĽ𵤺ʿλϽʵǿĽʿҲڽɱȡΡ
£ʣһ꣬ٻӰ쵽ǵѯһǶ˵Ըμһս£һ֮󣬲۽ΣԲٲս
ܹݺҶء
ݺҶضˡ
һϽۺǱߵĵϵ𵤾ŲʿϽһ̳ˡǵ򲻵ѣܹҲԸսðգӰ쵽Ͻպİš
һλϽ峤ϣ𵤰˲㣬޴н󣬸ʦ˳ųԱݡҶصλȻǲսϽҲûȨǲ
һڰţ
ݹֵΪٹȻϽΪءҲܹǶҪѯʣҶء
ҶȴǳĬšǴ㣬ɽٳΪԪӤʿٳ֣ԪӤʿİһλȻԪӤʿ޷ԪӤɱռߵλҲмֵ
ڽɱ񡭡ǰ˵ص·ϣһλĽ𵤺ʿ˲ɱˡҪȥ񵥵Ļ¶ʿ̫ƽϾһͷΪƲͨʿܱȵġ
ҶϣҲðװ˷һʱ䡣ɣֻҪһɱɱǰһصʯϵɽϡϣΪ㿴Σ
ܹ֪Ҷʲôһ£ɵ


603 س
ʯƷף
Ҷسһ£ʵ
һʮһƷʯɽġСϣвϸΪѵãҲܹ޵ϽҲûжĲϡԭڵĵϵɽֻʿٳ֣һֱڹδáպԴнԦС潣ȴϡ
ܹЦ
һţȴЩĽҪˡ
Һ֣βս
Ҷسһ£˵
ѡһʱ䣬սһ꣬Ӱ첻ܹܶñ֮λҲмĺôϾֻҪϽĳϣϽء
һС޶ʯǣǳٳδж̫ϳϻɣǺпܻڽڷһ̽Թ̽ʯǵʵǶҲسǣ޳سսķղҪΧ˾ŽµޣƻʯǱСһʣĻλԪӤϻ֧̽Ԯ
ܹҶѾ⶯漴Ц
Ҷܹһ㱣֤ŷڵʵ޳ޣҲһ±ϵԪӤʿ֧Ԯ
ֽܹһЩϸڣҶزŸ뿪ȥˡ
սʵҶֻʱϵʿȥɡ

Ѫĵʯǣҹʮּž
Ϸĳ¥ڡ
Ҷڳ¥ϥϽй﹬˹ĶʮСʿɢɢΧţ˼ֵҹǽ
ʿԸɹĵϵӣҲͨսʿ
Ҷصλߣʱ֧ʿĶӳ
Ѿա
󲿷ʱ䶼ս£ֻһߴһߵȺսżһģʿ˵ЩѪսϵ飬˭ɱһͷ߽ޣ˭ȡͻ֮ࡣ
˰䲼ĽɱȤĻ⡣
һȺкʿ󲿷ֶûܽǰǧǰ֮ڡųɱǰǧʿָָ㣬˵ԳĽʿ˭ʵǿἤҵһϼʱҲڻ¡
Сڲʿܴ˵ǰ˵صİ;Уɱ˻顣֮࣬ȴЩϧҶصʵҪ缸սɱǰˣ
ҶȴֻǵЦÿɷ
ޣ
ӽʱ֣ҶͻȻüͷһ
Զ΢ͳĺͺȺĺ޳ûܵ޵ԼҲ޷ְġ
޳
죡
󣡡
̣оʿʮɽâգâ˲ڵա
䣬һͷС߽׺ɵ޳ڲ֮䣬ͻȻޣݣӵ˷ӿ֣ǵصĳϮӴĺ޳ͬƵӿתۼͳϵ죬ʯǡ
ҶϰգܺȥҲ̲סݡ
ɫ硢޺ǵϯ춼
ʯȻֻյеնϽû㹻ĲǳصĽƴ󡣵Ҳһ޳Ϯ׹ơʯΧ˲ʿµļСͷһᱬΪʹá
ʱ޳ӿЩøķ󣬶ʱ
ʯ׷裬̶޳𺦣˳ײǰС޳ơ뷨ޣŭĺСײУ޳ݵģٶȳʯǳ
ɱ
Сӳ״׷
߰ʮâӳͷڶ𣬷׷׽СӣΪɫ⣬ӿϰﵺ޳ɱȥֹǿٿʯǡ

ʱɹĶʿΪڶɾųǳ棬δ
ʯϽԪӤʿһϢֻǹս֣δκᶯ
ֻҪûЩԪӤʿ׶֡
Щ޳ǽɽʿԸԪӤʿרŶԸޣѾǼȶսԭҲΪ˱ͽʿ
ԪӤʿֻлɱʮϵ޲ż㹦ѫλԪӤɱɱŽЧģԽʿá
˶ԽɱսӰ⡣
ҪΪ˱Ⱪ¶ʵǰ֪̽ԪӤʿʵ뱻
ԪӤʿ䲻Ծƶ
һðͷǣ̺ɱ˼á

ڽʿѾһ޽棬ս
ҶؼԦɽСӶʮʿڶ浺Ұ޳ɱǰ
ڣÿһսʿһöܹ¼Ӱķܹļ¼Χ飬Ӱ
ֻҪڽɱǰǧϵʿҪṩɱõҪӰ¼еɱӰ񣬲ΪսݡԴ˷ֹʿףʿйǧϵС
ڽɱǧµλΪ̫Ҫ᲻ṩӰûϵֻϽܵõѫ
ս𣬾ƲΣ
ڶຣޣӿϵǵ췽ԲҪʯǣҪһĻԭ
ʿڶޣλԭչɱս
ʿߣȻֻнѵصʿڵ£ʿһصСӣѸٽɱ޻
ˣĹ޵ģ̵ͷɻʯˣָ
ʯǵĺݶӽʿ˲ϣǰߡ
ЩʿУʵǿϽʿ顣ϽʿһӣɽԣһСн󡱣ǿҲ
۱﹬ɹҲֶΣ
ЩСɹɢޣսǿĴսоͽΪǿǴӣֻʧѣǿɱޣս
޵ʵҪǿͬλͨʿ
˰˽ΣҪ𵤺ʿܻɱ
ֻмλǰǧĽʿŸҵжɱޡ
ҶĿɨǰҰһӺгϰһһٶͷˮţޣ׵Ž׶С
ˮţޣӺˮֶ̣֫Ƥ˶ͷһɫĶǡ
ˮţȺҲǷɭϵȽ׵ģмһͷŽޣȺ졣Χʮͷ˽ס߽ޣΧ߰ʮͷ׵ĵͽޡ
Ⱥͷף޴ŵ棬ƲɵʯǷǷҶصһȺʿڰУֹ׳ŭ޷Уơǵĺڽܹһˮ̼ԶǺǡ
Ҳ֪ϵȺʿǰǡ
ҶϣǳˮţȺ
ޣóȺ档һȺ棬ǽҲֵסʮ֣
ҵô죿ǲ˵ʯǣǺȺɱ
ʮʿһǳˮţȺ΢΢ɫ
ڣǰֻһ½ޣݣΪ鷳
ɱ
ҶĿɨ·
⡫
ǣ
ʿһۣɺȻսϣӶӳǲΥģӲͷƤͬʱ·Ⱥȥ
ҶػΪһӰ·ȥ
ͽ׵ޣҶضԺ޳ֵļֵ
ĿȺмͷŽޡ
ĳˮţȺٵˮ
һ˲䣬Ҷزٿɽɫ⻪ֱӴƿˮĻˮţȺн󣬹âš
һ˲䣬Ⱥ
飡
ʿĿ֮С
Ⱥмͷ׺ľŽ׳ˮţԪ߽׷ɽ͸ȻأһƬɳʯ
ʧȥĳˮţȺʱңͳʿɱ


604 ɱλ
ҶɱͷŽ׵ĳˮţ죬ʮʿδ̫·ɫâ̫ǿңҶصĶٶҲ̫죬ƿˮȥգۼִȺг˳
ʿҲϾȥô࣬ʧȥĳˮţȺһʱȫŭ໥̤ȫû֮ǰơ
ǶѪսϴʿ֪ǴõɱȫȥȺңȫΧ˻ɱȺˮţ
ֻ㹦һȺʮʿ㽫ɳˮţȺɱܣʣʮͷˮţڻҰ±ӡʿֳһСȡޣһ׷ɱޡ
ķҲвڻ֮ˡ
ʱһȺͷޣӺӿ˳Ϊٵݼٳڵķ
ҶسԶȥüƲԣɱȥ¾Ҫʧˣ̷ХնӣʯǷ˱ȥ

Զ뵺ĺϣ̽ӵͿշںϣʮֽĹŵϵս֡
һȺޣƤûգ¡
Ѫɫ֮Ⱥڶ࣬ʹһЩȺȥǣȥ̽϶ʿʵ˵΢ȺѪȡ֮֮ߡ
˵ֻгΪʮʿοǺ͸ǣеλŽµޣ£֮ûκελԵġ׽ѪԵϵҲͨͽ޵ͬࡣ
ֲ죬ͬʿԳﵱͬ࣬һġ
ڵȺ࣬ǺǰЩޣҲͬһȺٶҲûκθ
ǹһǰһЧֻǰһЩʿˣֽӴһȺϰϵʯǡ
綫ԪӤʿֻʮ޸ȤûȥɱһЩͽޡͬҲֻɱԪӤʿȤٻȥɱʿ
ʯʿʵжԪӤʿ֮ǰǲڹ⣬Ҫޣܰʿʯ¡

Ķʮգһһ޵ĳ֮£ʯǵԽԽѡ춼սϽ˹ʿȺڻԭɱ
ԭĳս
ȺϰͷӥӥХ£ĳһķСʮɽĽʿڰɱʱӥ׹䣬ʿ˳˫ֲ¡
ͻȻӥȺĹһ˿ϾһӰץסӥȺ֮Уɫâš
ǵӰһֱ֣ӥҪ̳ɱȺ
ʿޱϤһĻ֪սִɾȫ͹ѹϡ

Ҷϳ̫׺ˣҲսôãû˭ԳȺ֮УȥɱȺ죡Ͻɹɱλߵļλ𵤰ˡŲʿ˭ң
һͷ׻ɱһȺѶԸȺ죬дȺ޻ᵥжһûɱ죬ֱ޻ΧסΧɣ
ҪǱͷ߽ȺһΧԪӤ涼־Ԯ
ҶϾͲȺ֮У𣿡
˷Ȼȡʤ̫ðաżץסɱһףǴδζˡǰЩ컹СӵĶӳҶһȺ֮ȥɱȺ죬ϧһʧ󣬱ս䣡ǸСӣ̸»ɫ䣬Ѿӣǲðյľٶ
ҲֻҶϣݵԺֶΡѹܳΪϽĳϣȴҪǱҲʵɱϽɱǰǰʮȥˡ
ս³ԽʱʿϾ̾޳ʱȴһȺʿصͷսȴ޳֮ǿľŽס˽ޣȻһɥҶصУ۷׷Ȼġ
ҶջΪͬҶصСΪսʤȺߣҲմ⣬ջٱǰϡ
вٵĽʿǰ̲ɱ޵ľϡ
ҶضЩۣÿɷȴԼ֪Լҵ¡
֮ԸĵӱӴ
ʵǡǡ෴һȥðյ顣
ΪлΪرɱﵡһȺ󣬾ʧûɱ췴ȺΧסˣ̷ųɱ޳Χû⡣
İʮɣеǿĹֶΣȻ
ûл֣йднȻ޴ϵıգҲðȥȺɱȺ졣
Ľ𵤰˾Ųʿߡ˳ɰգҲδظȥΪʮֻ֮ҪʧһΣ³ûκνҿԡ
ҶصȻԼĵϸǣԼΪθȥȺɱ졣
Ҷؾ£µĽʿսڶȡĲϣصڵľס֮ʱЪϢָսĵķ׼ӭһս
Ⲩ޳˴Լһ¡
һҶܹɱʮͷŽޡʮͷ˽ޣ˳ɱΪڶ߽ޡÿ켸ɱͷ߽ޡǸ߽޶ǳȺӻɱĿԲֹЩ
ʹҶɱ֮࣬ѾʯǾ󲿷ֽʿ̾Ϊֹ⼸ɱ޻Ҷһɱ޵һС֡
ҶϽȡӰȡӦĸ߶ʽ͹ѫ
£ɱ񾭹µһͳƺλ
Ҷأ𵤰˲㣬ϽϡλһʮɱʮͷŽޡʮͷ˽ޡʮͷ߽ޡ
ϽٹݣͬҲɱǰǧ֮Уλֱӳ嵽߰ʮûҶصλȣսҲǾˣ𶫺ɽ磬Ϊʿ֮е̳
ֻҶصλݵλ΢ԵЩȻעࡣ
ɱλһʱϽ޵ʯǣε޳Ľʿ֮У˼𶯡
Ҷزս֮ʱһãֻҶս֮ǿ֮׺Ŀ࣬ۺʵϽڶɹĽʿЩš
ɱͳһҶһٴɱ񵥣ԾɱڶһʮϸɱսڣʯǵʿʶҶչֳʵж¡
ʵϣֻҶչʾһʵɱﵣǻǴսСͨȵȣûó
ҶչʾһʵѾϽԼ˹ĽʿλϽĵ峤ϣ׷ʵ͵λЩԼʣҲʧӰ
һʿʵ̫ߣΧʿѾʱʣµҲֻ
ԪӤʿۣнҶڽ𵤾Ų۷壬ԪӤʿһսѾǼߵۣϾڽڣ𵤺ԪӤ֮һ蹵ʿɽ磬ֻҲҲλ
սѾȫӡ֤ۡ
һֱڳսλԪӤʿ඼Ϊ̾͡
ΪܵϽʿҶϽĴн󡣽ͬʿ޵С˵õ֤ԡΣҲϽҫ


605 
սڣս̫ңÿµԪӤɱ񡢽ɱ񹫲ɽΪĿ顣
ǰɽ缫ΪĳĳɹһλʾʿĳĳɹʿѣʵӰֻСΧѡɢڸɹʿƽʱ涼ѣ˭Ҳûʱ;ȥض
ɽССɹԼλʿǿߣλʿ֣һʵһֻͲ²⣬޷ֱӱȽϡ󲿷ȻǱŻɵ̬ȡ
˵ɱһʵλ£һĿȻ
񵥣Ϊȫļ¼ɽһʿõĹѫ˺ħƳİ񵥣޿ɡ
һĬĬŵʿΪڰ񵥾ڸλڶ̶֮Ѹ𶫺ɽ磬ΪԪӤʿʿ֮кպڸɳǴС¥Ƹڣһ˵ϵĳλҽ֪Ϊʵս˽һȻױȽϡ
Ȼˣֻڽڰ񵥵ǰǧ񵥺̫࣬ʵӹӹû̫˻ȥע
Ҷأ𵤰˲㣬Ͻϡ
һ·ݵĽڰ񵥶һʮλϲע񵥵ʿľʿƽ¥Ƹ󣬾ϲ̸۰ϵλ
Ϊϡ֡
ΪڰһɫĶǸɹٹϵӡͨӣɢޡֻҶôһλϣǽڵĳϣԵЩۡ
Ǻܿ죬ڽʿϸһ飬һǰҶ֣˵ɱǰһǧǰһҲûв鵽ֹ
ζţλϽʿҶأһʱڣɱ˶ľŽס˽ޣһٴӰԾӶٶλá
ϵλÿ¶ֱ䶯
ɱٶһʿ
ٶȣʿֻ𾪣֪ȥݡ
˹ͬƶİ񵥣˼ǰһǧλˣû취ɻءҪףţǸܵġ

Ѫĳʯǡ
ž
ڡһվݺݵĽм¼˽ɱλ˸顣
ǰմǰսϻһö򣬲鿴һֵĽɱ
ȵھŰʮ࣬ԭָܿԼλٳǰʮһ£ȻڶٶλҶ֣ԼҶɱĿ𾪽ŭ֮£ʧ̬ľٶ
һֱҶΪĿꡣ
ȻŷϵʿͷΪոս߲㣬ڽ𵤺ʿ֮еͣǧɱǧ֮ڣڰǿһϯ֮ء
Խ߲Ϊ𵤺ǿ߾ۼһǧ֮ڣ˵൱ɫս
ÿµĽɱйעȴʼûҶصӰ
ʱˣȻȻһɳԽϽҶصĸоȻ֪ܼ٣ԼҶصĶ֡λߵĸоͦġ
˵ÿ²鿴ɱΪڴ£Ҳĵ顣
һֱһǣҶػڽɱϣһһֳµ˿±ʹ
գһֱǵڻǳˡ
ֻһ£Ҷڶ̶һڣͺȻڰڣҸ߾ӶλԶԶĳλ֮ͣһΣôһ˿붼ϡ
еľŭ֪
֣ôˣ߲ԶһλϢʿ̬æʵ
ûûʲôϸʮλ
ǿҪϲˣǹܽǰ˰λٲҪ
ϣ˰ɡ
ɬĻһȥ
ã䣬Ȼή
ǰ𵤶㣬һаܸһҶءҶΪѾ𵤰˲㣬߲㣬ΪĲԽԽˡ
վĶ֡ɱҷɱ꣬ȻԶԶȲһµս
䣬һ˿ʹ࣬мκ;
ǰЩٻмֽҺڼϣԼһձһոԺգԶٿǸԼ֮ϡڣԷӰӶ׷

һƬ
ϽҶСϣ꣬ͻȻɱ˶ٶλԽԽ͸ˣ
㣬¸˵ͳˣ
ǺǣϽ峤ϣλͱҸߣҲûʲô˵Ҫ񵥣ҲǳǰʮȥġôСŮʲôأ
һȺòŮʿ̤Цʲô
еһɫŮӣһͷë׵Ķβ
ͷ鶯鶯ȻȥͽСʮͨ飬Ѱ貢ǣھŽ޵Ϣ˲Է˵ķۺҺ
ūٹӣɱλеڰʮ

쬡쬣
һϬԵĽɫ⣬иɫУһͷ˽͹
Ƭ֮Уޱɱ
һɫɫʿĿ·죬һͷ;޴İ˽׺ޣ彣˺ۣһʬ
һöӰƮڰУŵĹâʵļ¼ŸղһĻ
ʱ𵤾ŲʿԦɵĽ⣬Զɽʿͬһɹĵӡ
ٹµĽɱλˣڰסľλ衢˼µˣλб仯ǵĹѫδ֮޷İ֮λλǰʮȡ
ʿ
ţ
ʿ˷ɽһԴ˺⡣
ռݰѾкܳһʱ䣬Ȼ;мΪ䵽˶λǾ󲿷ʱڣǸ߾ӰסĿǰɽ磬ѾΪ𵤺ʿһˡ
ʵڽ𵤾Ų۷ʵȫԳԪӤƿδʱͣڽ𵤾Ų۷硣
Ϊ̫껹ٹҪ۴Ľʿ֪ڵĴڡ
ڽ𵤾Ų۷壬ɱһˣǻʱΪ֮󣬵λۺҪû㹻λ붼ö롣
ڵļҲռɱİײŽġ򶫺󲿷ʿҲ֪λ̫껹ٹϡ
ڴæԪӤԪӤɱ޷ȺԪӤСʿԪӤ񵥡ûкõλȻڡϾ˭ע⣬ԪӤβϻһڣ
Ҫ۰Խɱʮ꣬Ϊ޿ĶʿһˣŻῼǽӤʱȫֵõġ
ٹ°³һλλٶʿ
ʿһֹۣ
ʿһüмٶλʿʲôǰλûѵʲôʵɣ
ٹֻһʱ䣬ڶٶλڴ֮ǰκΪֹλٶһλʿвʿۣܱɱٶȻڽɱǰʮ
һʿæ
Ŷɹʿ
ʿ΢΢һʵ
ΪҶأϽ峤ϡ̽˽鱨ϽĴнӦϽһֱδĽʿ֮ǰΪûֱڲͻȻ֣ԭδƲƣܸܿϽᱱйءһֱδϽɹļΪңԪӤɱԷֳʤΪԭϽŰĿ˽ɱϡϸ£Ͻ峤Ҷءٹͬʱֱ֣嵽˽ɱһλ߰ʮλ˵ʵֶǿڽڣǰʮǰλ
ʿ˵ЩǡʵĵģǵλϽĳϻẳڵİ֮λٹڽʿ֮Ĵ¡
𣿡
оâе˼𵤰ǰʮλҪ˱ȥˡβ֪ĸù


606 Ѫսʼ
ԪӤɱͽɱϵλ仯ʱŶʿĹעҶصλٶȼ죬ֻһʱ嵽˶λվֻǶ
Ȼвʿ²⣬Ҷؿܻڽɱǰʮм͵ĻϰסֻҪһûɱǰʮûռϰףôһжֻڲ²⣬ѾΪʵ
ЩѾڽ𵤰񵥴֮õǰ١ǰʮĽʿҶϣž޴Ĳࡣ
ڽɱռǰʮλģһպգ׹ʺ硢̿Ľ𵤺ʿͷɱȥЩ𵤺ʿﶼעĿ
ɽǺʵģλԶȡ
Ҷڽ𵤰ϵλȻ죬ҲֻǶλ϶Զ޷˰ǰʿȡ
Ҫ˵һԪӤɱڡ
ԪӤǰʮǰλռһϯ֮أǶɽ۷ڣʿӡ
ʿԽ𵤰Ϊע
ԪӤʿԪӤ񣬶Խ𵤰Ĺעȼ͡
ҶزսĴ£ΧĵʯǵС޳ȥ
һ£ԵЩƽ
ȺԵļ٣ҶؾɱޣҲûɱ
ҶֻڵܱߵĺѲߵʱ򣬲ɱһЩɢɢĺޣԼСɺޣսɱٶȻ޷ͷһµɱȣɱʿࡣ
ڣҶضڵɱĿֻǽɱǰһ
ڵɱٶȣܹɱӦⲻ޹ūн𵤺ʿڽ𵤰ǰ֮ڣλߣҪǻǿġ
ڶڽǰʮҲ̫⡣ⳡսҪ򼫾ãʮ곤ϰҲˡ

ʯǡ
Ź̫ܺϳϣԼ˹ĹϣȵһȺʮԪӤʿԶ
ҰΧڣκ޵ټ
ǵʶɨ﷽Բܹĸо亣ڿ̽ʯǡ
ֻںϣ޼׽ӶݣΪ˲ݾߣδȥѰ
ܹһ£Ǽ̽ƺûʲôǲʯǣҵβϣ
˹ԪӤʿʵ
Ǽ޲ʹ޹ǣѾ̽˺ü£϶ǶǵʯǣڲϵĿ̽ǵʵƣǲ׷ܻܿ󹥴򣬲ʹȺǰֻǶݵƽһƣ»һЩ
ܹһ£
ܹԲҲĿ¶ݵƽǼ޿ΧȺ͹׼ҵٹѫ
﹬ιЦ
ιԼǣ⼸޸ɵҵм䲻˵ԪӤλܸһأǲ֪˭ãܻɱǼޡ
Ϸһûпأ˵Ҫúɱһˣ

һչȥ
ܹ˵жϲûдǰʱ伣ļ̽ӣֻˡңǻǧͷ߽׺ޣǧһƬ򼯽ᡣ
һΣ²Ǻ޹ǣп޻
Ⱥѹʯǵһʱء
Ҷظոսӵսһ֧СӽʿǰʯǵĶͷֵأҲһʿϸͷ
Ҷ֣
֣
սһӲ̣Ѿսߵ߲ΡսģԽߣȺ϶Խࡣһ̴꣬ٱһһο϶ô࣡
ǺǣֵʵȻ볬̫ҲѰ
Ҷغλӳ̸Ц
еʿȴЦ޲ĹսԽʿ˵ΣԼߡÿһӲ̣һЩʿǼΪ顣
˺һԶҴȥ
ҶشСǽʱŵĳͷϻжʮʿս
Ҷϣ
Ҷ֣
ڳͷϵĸɹĽʿǼҶس֣׷վ鹧
֮ǰвʿҶصʵڣ̶̵ۼҶصʵѾ۷ڶɽ磬ʵǿʿԶܵء
λһսܴһѪսԪӤȥԸȺʵǿ࣬Ҫġ
Ҷɨһۣ侲˵
ǣ
ʿ׷ȡҶսսȽʿջҲܱüǶⳡսΪڴ
Ͻ̫ܺϳϵȼԪӤʿһֽʿڳڡ
ԪӤʿһֽʿڳĻĵ׼ɱʯǣٽаΧˣѡ

ȴ尾֮Уʱļ仺
Ҳ˲֪á
𣡡
ԶȺ޵˻ŭС
ȺӥѪգų򳯵켱
һǧͷޣӺ˶ϵ캣
Хˡ
мޣΪĿվڴ˵ļͷȣָȺʯˣѾڳһȺȻǵģ
ҶĿȥ޳еļޣɫ΢䡣
¶棬һ޳ͣս¼Ϊ
ڳͷϵĽʿҲɱɫʮֽš
ʯַ̫ϳܺ裬ʯǵİУų޳ϵûκɫзɿʿסţسǽȴ
ܺΧм˹ԪӤʿҲͬʯǡ
Ҷ֪Ͻս֣ҲûʲôŶ鰲ڳͷϡһöӰҲߴ¼ս
ڵľ棬գʵǱȽϰȫ
ϾʮλԪӤڵΧֻҪһܰǼ̽ӺʹȺĺȫڵϣΧ˸ɾͨٶ࣬ҲԪӤʿĶ֡
ܹԪӤʿ֮ǰ̲֣֮ҲΪն֡
һȺļ죬๦˻ĵƽʯǡ
һûпʼսޱŵڶӴ޳ȫٳʯǳ
λϷӭսޣ
ܺ󣬺һһӣһƳγκޱȵĽâԦɽȳȺ֮еɱȥ˹ԪӤʿ׷׳ɽɱ˹ȥ
ǼֻҪסǼޣܹԪӤʿһΧ֮£ս
ޣ죬ܶ롣
ܺԪӤѾ֣سǵڽʿҲٵˣټƵķɽâѤõҫ𣬹޳

֣
ҶһХн󣬴Ŷŵڽʿƽʯǵͷ޳˹ȥ
ԪӤʿ֮ĶǲġΣ̫ߣһñ
ҶضԸȺսΪҰ
ľˮ߽ԪɽɴнΪһɫâֱӳȺ֮С
彣Ϊ壬ÿһɽܾķֵܵĹѹ
ڵΪԪƷףǰȡŽ׺޵ȫһκһɽϣܱɽֵ⣬ƲǿĴн
ͬʱ⵽ͷŽס˽ΧŻɽϴѹ
Ҳֻѹķѣв
ңҶҲȥͬʱսͷŽס˽׵ޡ
Ǹͽ׵ޣɫâ׺һײֱӴɴƬѪĩ
ҶڵĵطΪӲĶƣ޳ǰСȺѹס
ҶصڽʿȻûе׷׳ɽԼɫ߽׷޳ɱ˹ȥҶشһȱڣǱ˽ȥһĹ򣬱㽫ǰһСʮͷ޸ɱɾ
ҶʿһȺޣ΢һ
ǣЪƬָּ̻һȺ
ɱ
ѪսŸոտʼ


607 
ڶģʮͷʮɴСзЩзͨżӲĺɫ׿ǣһԹµתɫ͸¶Ϣǰ֧ǯס档
ǵĿһɹɵɫЩ֮أһƬ͵ɫ󣬶ľϵءκεҪǣҪɫĸʴ
зȺɫǵͨƽ
̾з
ľϵޣǿǯƻɽ
ҶȺз侲ĿųзȺ
δһָԵ彣֮һ汩ǣΪһâзȺȥ
𣬷Ļѻ̽ӿɫ
ɫɫǿҵĳͻ
зԵüΪŭž޴ǯ
ҶأǶʮʿûаȺзһ¡
зҲ˽޶ѣСȺзжǿս

Ƭ̹֮ս
ڣ
һͷ߽зļ׿Ǳɽ˺ѣնΪ룬ུɫĸҺ
Ҷɱһͷ̾зѿзģȡջɽ
Сӵڽʿ漴СȺзʬȡȡõǯ׿ǡзԭϡз֮࣬ʿָ֮ѪϵƷڷм۸񲻷ơ
Ҷɱһͷ˽зһͷ߽зʮͷзʿУջҲ㲻
ҶĿսȥ
ڵֻʯΧһСսΧ޲ࡣ
ս̫ܺϳϵԪӤǱߡ
󹥳ǣȺҲǺһʯǣѾܺԪӤʿڻҰϴսһƾ춯أʮ﷽Բڼɱķ츲ء
ҶСӾսԶҲûб
ԭڵΧʮԪӤʿжٶʿѾȫɱ˳ȫٳϵļޣǧͷ߽סнްΧ˹ȥ
֣Ϊ˰Χ޵µ塣
󹥳ǵļޣȻѾǱԪӤʿΧԵüΪ֣ܺԪӤʿɱͼѳΧӴȺҲ
ҶϣǼ޹ȻˣҪҪɱȥûɱһЩޣЩ߽ޣ󲿷ֶǼһһȺӴ޿϶ᱻ¾ɾ
ҲȥɱɣܶɱһЩޣ
ڵĲٽʿ״׷¶ϲɫԾԾԵĳ嶯
Ҷزtһ£ȴ侲ҡͷǱս̫ң޴һÿܻᱻˮߣȥΧɱЩСȺǼˣٹȥҲ١
ʮ޵Ŀ֮򲻵Ѿȥޡ
ҶʯĻҰϷȥӭսһȺޡ
ڽʿЩϧҶزǶӳսʿҶأΪʮâҰȥ

Ҷ벻
⼸̽ϬޣȷʵΪǿľˣܺԪӤʿɱȻ·磬һߵԪӤʿĹһ߻Ӵĸ߽޷͹
޳ȥǣԪӤʿʿѹ
Ԥ֮޸޳Ҳͳɹˡ
һսǿܺԪӤʿҲ֮
ǼϬްѲܺԪӤʿľּŵȴȺԪӤʿâΧɾš
ͷϬޣҴȻɨΧʿķɽţ޿һ𣬾һ档һ˲һ춯صľ޴޺ϵضɽҡɫ𵴲˴ʮ֮⡣
ΧĴȺ޶Ʒ
ͿΪԵһЩĽʿĻѣ·ԦסӰ׹ȥҵȺ̤

ŭ˻Ͽջص
ҶСӵڽʿɺȻɫԽңղûóȻȥͻȻһ£ɲܡ

ǣϵ˻δͣЪԽԽǿҡ
ԪӤʿΧŻҰϵޣɾ
ܹͣɫһʶ켫Զɨȥɫһ䡣
Ȼ֣ӴȺ˷Ⱥ֮УʮϰٸǿϢӦʮ޵Ϣ
޲ֹǰ⼸ǧﷶΧڣֳ˴޳Ҫǰ޳Ӵʮϣ
ܹƽ͵ϣҲ¶ŭɫ
ն壬ɱһСӵļ̽ӣȻСιǣһȺޣֻ̽ӡ⼸ֻ̽̽ʯʿжǿʵ
һǿޡ
֣ɱսپ⼸ޣнʿԪӤ泷ˣ
ܹһȣֽһָһƵСʱ˲ɴСǰޡ
׵ƵСͨɽٶȺˣ˲Ϣ֮䣬㳯Ϭնȥ
Ϭ޿һҴ
䣡
׽ɡ
ףҴϬȫڡڡϬ޸ĵԡ
ɵ׽ٴɱ˻ȥ
쬣쬣
ʮâնȥϬ޵ļҲס׺Ĺѡ
ܹһջϵɽ
ԪӤʿʱƴǣƸΪҡ
Χ޵ԪӤʿҲٹ˼ˣȫԸ֣Щ޶Ժս´ѹ
Ҳڽʩչͨƴ
ʮԪӤʿΧ֮£
Ƭ̼䣬޾
ڴȺޣԪӤʿȥǣӴܡ
ʱ޵ΧҰ֮ӴȺѾΧһȦĺڳӶͷģȻǴȺޣ²°֮ڡ
ԪӤʿǳԶȥɫΪѿ
ޣҲǡ
ڵΧԶ˲̽ӣǵ̽ӻûдκѶֻѾɱ
ܹ˴οһεķˣ˷Ѿ޳ްΧҵҪô޾սϧۣסʯǣҪôǶȥˣȫʵپϲǣ
﹬ιɫȻ
ΧԪӤʿҲȻŹ
ͻΧ
ܹһҧ
Ϯ޳ϵǿ󣬰ЩԪӤʿȫɱڴ˵ضпܡңҲܸӲƴڸǺ޾սʱ
Σͷκγɡ

Ĵ;ݵ㣬޴»ھݵ;ߣһʯǣݻΣա
ԭɢΧ޵Ľʿ飬Ҷأݵ˶Ѿ˻ǻϡ
Ͻ˹ԪӤʿٽʿɱȥ
ȺͻȻȻ뽫ʯڵʿȫΧߣǶʿϵǣİΧ⵽ҵĳ
̷Ӧ󲿷̳ϽʿͻΧķɱȥ
ӴȺһٽʯȫû
һʱ䣬ﺣңַâݺᣬ裬칥Ⱥ


608 Χ
ʿȺ֮УҶμһӣɽ͡һնɱԼһͷ˽ӥɽһ˻ȥ
աȥ޳Ⱥǰӿͷɷ顣
޺޳ʵҪǿҪɱͻΧȥ̸ס
һ±ˡ
ԽգͷԽ侲֮ʱǰ棬ȫɱޡĵ֮һѸ˺ʿӪ֮Уƻָ
ֳܱķⳡսл

ԪӤʿĴ֮£Ӵʿ齥ɱ
ԪӤʿǰ棬ͼͻΧѪսȫ޺޳İΧȦͻΧȥ
Ϯʿ̫ˣн֮࣬ԪӤʿĶΧټӴ޳ʵԲʿֵܵġ
޷ʱڴΧ£ôϽ˹ԪӤʿʿȫûսڴ˵أҲǲܡ
ܹȼλɹս˳
սս͵ķÿʹĵʯӴƽóʹáҶ֮ǰδսʯǸ
սڽʿҲܶսڱս
ϾսǿȴֻʺԶʺϽս
һսޡȺս׾޷̫࣬޴Ĺ޷ӳֻб˺ƻ֣ķݡ
Գ˲ٿսʿ֮⣬ԪӤʿ뻤ս࣬ȫֹ޿ս޺޳սʿˣܽսʱܡ
սд󣬵˿òֻüüһЩʿߡҪʿѣǸܵ顣ߵʿȻܻʣµʿ٣޳Χ֮·Խ졣
ʿս棬ȫͻΧ
ϽһҴսΪжɹսΪ䣬ʮ޴Ĺ޳
֮ϵͷ޺Ϊɻңʣ
ȴûǶӴ޳֮Уһսڣ˺󣬽޳սĹ
ǰԪӤʿսʿѪɱ
̫ǿڽʿҸԪӤʿ̫⵽
ԪӤʿԹ˲ϾڽʿֻнɴһǰսһƴɱϮ޳
ڣ޶ȫ׷ɱΧսԪӤʿһʱϾЩʿ޶ԽʿȤ˵ֻҪԪӤʿɵЩʿҲӲˡ
Щʿʱû̫Σգֻӿ޳ľ޷Ѹѡ
ڽ޴ķ½أ޵ĳ֮£աâһƬҡ

Ҷ֣ǳʲôԲߣ޳ͻΧȥ
ϽٹݣҶɣԵЩò𵤾Ų㣬ۿžܳԪӤ磬ҶأʿʵǿˣҪͻΧֻҶ֡
֣սʲô취
ҶؿЦ
ɿɨܵ޳
ǰʮԪӤʿʮս
ǿޡ޳δüϵγɺΧһΧγɾƣûκνҿԡ
޳ԼǧͷбԳȥ
ҶȻ
ʱҲĻᣬɿ֣֯нʿ̴󡣡
ã
ݲ֪ҶҪʲôǶҶģָڽʿ֯÷
Ҷطɿ˻صʿɵĴ룬һĴһСʹսƾճ֡
Χں޳ɱڽʿҰװ˺ڵСսĿɿڴ
սսţһСս
Ҷôս
Ҫ˵һĽʿҲһ£ס
Ҷزʿľȣ쬵ķ䵽սڣٿսڵпܣ󷨡
緫֣һҫ
ܿ죬ʮźۣâ
䡢䡢䡭
ǰһͷ޳ı֧飬һСȱڡ
սǰ棬ٴοڣϧʯ˺޳һӡ
ʿϲ᲻ץסĻᣬæɱȥһ¾ȻΧµ޳忪ȱڣ׷ӡ
ʣµ޳ƴ׷ϡ
ԭںԪӤʿսޣڽʿȻΧµǧͷ޸忪ˣЩ⣬̷ֳޣȫٳҪϾɱ
ڽʿ󺧣Ȼɢӡ
ʮǰʿ˶Ҳ˶ãֻбɱķݡɢиĻᡣ

֮
սһƬ
ҶվڴͷԵЩ
ӵֻ̫̣ʲôطҲ֪
Ҷسһ˿ڴսϣֻʮʿѡݡɽصȵȣϽɹʵĽ𵤺ʿڽɱλǧڵġ
ŭ֮£ֱӳսɱ˭࣬ҸŴս
Ȼսųɫٶȣհ޵׷Ǿ󲿷ֽʿ޺޳ɢˡ
ĿǰҲֻʮˡ
ӳʿ˭Ҳ֪
ҶضԴ˲ֹۡ
һֱʯɱ޺ޣջС˭ҲûԤϵһȺ޻ͻȻʯ͹ʧءֻⳡ֮Ͻûϣˡ
̾һ
Ȼ䡣
ҪôϽʿҪô˹ʿⳡսܣɹʧС
Ҷ֣֡ô죿ںĿĵķаɡ
ĿҶܶˣ侲ʵ
Ѫ쳣ʱܻ޺޳жʮΣգȰʧɢʿһȻȥұϼɳǣһɳǣмǿķҶΪΣ
һµ
ҶҲû⣬˵ͷУ֮ǰҲȥϡ
Ҷ̺ͺͼȻսȥ
һ·ȥ֮䣬Ȼҵ˲սʧɢϽ˹ʿԭʮ˵С飬ܿ͵ʮˣʿһο塣
ͬʱҲõһϢ
ϽɹԪӤʿɹͻΧδ⵽Χߡ
Ǵ۲С̫ܺϳϺԪӤкʿΪڻɹͻΧս
ݵɹڵϵӣԼսϢʱޣޱȡ
Ҷص֪ϢȴǳĬ
һԪӤкʿʧνʹ
ȻûʱսǾԲҡ
Ҷضܺλ̫ϳ˽ⲻࡣ
̫ܺϳԪʣ֮࣬ǰս֮ǰѾս׼ڣΪϽҵʮԪ
ܺһϽֻʣԪӤʿʵ½ԡ
ϽҪᱱλ˴ۣպҲӵļѡǼȻѡᱱѡ˺忪ս·עģ̫ܺϳϡŹо򣬲Ϊ˶ڡ
Ҫõв۵ġ
Ҷ侲˼ţвûб
ܵ˸УҲЩΡ
̤˷֮·½ɽ磬Ҳһ˴ۣǣҪȥϽҪ֮λΪɹΪע
󲻶࣬ҪģȴԼͱõĻȥ
·ûоͷ
ɱɵɱɣ
Ҷص˫֮Уһɱ⡣


609 ϼ
Լʮ֮ҶؼԦսִһƬԶԶһͺ鵺
ﷶΧڲʱѲɹΧӲɭϡ
ɽʱɼʿĸɫڵдΪ֡
սǰȥ뵽Ѳʿľ䷶Χ
ˣɳǾǰ棡
һϮѣվڴͷ¶ϲɫ
̫ˣһ·ĵ޺޳ڿ԰ֻҪִɳǣǱ㰲ȫˡֻǲ֪ܹλԪӤ棬ûеɳǣ
λӦõ˰ɣ
սϵڽʿԶԶǰ죬׷ӿսǰƣϣ¶ϲɫ
һ·ϣЪϢƬ̶ҡżϵ޳ڰ;ɱѰսʧɢĽʿ˲ʿ
˴ҵܴ޳֮ѣȫִɳǣҶȫָ֣պҶõݵĵطֻܿڣްѣ
Ѿܺ賤սı֮߳ʮֵ䣬Ҷһ֣˵
ҶĿЩȡ
ʮλٹƽʱһºǫѷӣкɴϵһֻֽͱˡǾϾ֮¡
̬ⷬȣȴʮֺ
ֹǫˣɱ޳ȫλȫɱĹͣҲɱʮͷ޶ѡ߰ɣȽǣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷûȥռⷬĹ͡
ûԴ󵽣ΪԼܹһʿĳ̶ȡûʿȺҪôսĴ󣬻ٺǣ
ʿʵһֱɻҶΪλһСս
ҶΪϽ峤ϣλȨϽԪӤͬսսʣֻͨڹͳϵСսַĴȽסʹõȵȵκһɹڸ߲ܣͨɹӿԹʵġ
ǰƲ⣬ҶһСսܿϽսҶλƹš
λٹ֪ϽսϽսϽбգҡȫһķ
Ҳȥս
ɹٹĵλҪɹϵһ㼶ٹȨ֪ɹĴ󲿷ȨҪսԴɹϣȨҪԴ
ңҶػ˳ŵĿ䳤ϣλ硣
ݹǶ࣬ȻȥѯҶս
ڳʮʿϽɹʿսⶼʶȤı죬ȲҶʣҲҺἰⷽ
ҶȻҲ˵ʲô
̫ʿҴս˴󵺣㽫սϽԼ˹һȺʿɳǼȥ

Ҷص˷ɹɽܿһҾʯɣΪֺɳǡ
½ɳǣѾйģǽҫŵ󷨹âһ޻޳ϮʱǴ
ʱԿӹһɽȷĹâԶִɳǣ뿪ɳǣǰѪɱޡ
ɳǿѾɣԾסʿ˿ڡʱΪսʱڣֻнСʿʿŻɳǡ
ɳǣԱϽûзʯҪǿ̫ࡣ
ҶضԴ˿Ҳе֡
Ϊһܵϵв¾ۼ˴ϵɹʿ̶һǿɳǺʵϽǿ̫ࡣ
ںΧѲߵӣֻʶһɨһ£δϸ̲顣
ҶءݵһȺʿһѾɳǵĶſڣȥ
ǵʿŲΪһ飬Է̽ӻУ̽ʵ
Ϸһľߵľϣ顰ϼǡߵĲԾɫ֡
ڳſһԪӤɱͽɱ񣬼ΪĿ
˿̲ǵʿڳȴ֮࣬ɱָָ㣬׷š
Ҷص˵ȴ˺һŽ˳ǣڽֵϡ
ףⲻϵпϼǣ
ǰһȺ߰ŻŮʿӳؽֵһ¥
Ҷءݵ˲ɿȥֻ˵һűɫ۵ʿ༸ӢӣԼòŮʿ˹ȺӺݻһɫǽ𵤾Ųʿżְһ֪Ǵɹĵϵӳ
ٴӽֵ·Ľʿʿ֣Ҳæ׷ױÿײ
ԭǽ֣
һ˳ЦһȻתҶص˽ܵλǽϼĽȻٹˡĳǰ뽪һòľˡ
Ȼ
ɱλеھŵĽȻ
Ͻɹʿ֣ȣĿж˼־ء
ھޱȵĽɱ񣬳ǰʮǶɽĽʿ˵Ժգ˵˽֪
˵ϵܲϽĳǳسôпմԶϼǣ
ȻЦĿʿɨ˼ۡɨϴϽϱʶҶʱһ£΢΢šüͷƺʲô
ԣЦһ֪̾ʮǰһǿͻϮϽʯǣҵȱǣɹʿɢˡڹһʱ䣬֣׼һ׶εж
Ŷ飿⼸ոձչسԺϵʵЩͻˡϼеǵطλסϵܺλѣܷڳǡʲôҪĵطϵֻ˵
ȻȻһǸ⡣
һ˵ĿЩƵϽʿëҲ١
Ȼ˵꣬ȻҶأЦݵλǣ
ңǸֽˣλϽ峤ҶأλϽ˹ʿ
һЦܵ
Ҷϣ
Ǹɱϣһ±ٶλϽϣ
˵Ĵнͬ޵УҲ֪Ǽ١
޵о˰ɣɽʲô޵У˵Ǽ۵Ĺѫϸȫóһ嵽ٶλλŶٶ࣬ǰٶûҵһλʤ
Ҷһɱǰʮ˵ɡ
Ȼɫ߰ʿȴЦ㹻Ҷһ
߰𵤾ŲʿϵɹĵϵʿдˣǽɱǰʮǰһλʿҲûеڶλνʵǿ㹻ʸ
Ҷٶλ˵ۡ
Ҷһʿڶǧ֮䣬ʿǰǧδ
ϵĽʿƲҲ顣
ݵʿ⼸ۼҶصʵҶҶؿսŵ޳ͰҶصɶ졣һǰϵʿҶسԲѷɫһ䣬ŭĿϼڣҪ
ˣ
Ȼüͷһ壬ֹסʿ
ϵܣҶϡսĳҪһˣ㵢飬Ͳˡϵڳѡסַ֪һպٺϵɣ
Ȼղã˫޶ͻҶغݸǣһ߰ʿȥˡ
֣ǣ
ɫҲãڴ˵زܵｪȻЩʿֻѹвͽȻ
ʲô⣬ǽٹ˵ЩҲˣôⱾ¡ЩɫҲҸҶֱȣޣ´ڳǵýѵһ١
ļԶȻ˵
ǣǺüĹѫҲ˼Ҷֱλ
Ҳ
߰ɣȥϽ㹦ѫϾĩҪµɱ񵥡ͷҪܹԼ˹ʿʧɢ˶һ
Ҷؼ˷߷ߣ΢ЦЦղǼϵʿķûȥֻһЩ顣
˴δܣϽλϣѾǳãǷüɱܹиһɱɱ񡣻߻ֱӱչǱޣ׼ԪӤ硣


610 
Ҷءݵһнʿڳϼǵ˷ֲλúһǰϱѫ
ɱͳƶ˵ĳŸԱ֤ԡ˺ħ˳ŵĳԱ࣬㵽ܶɳִȥɡ
ɱĹѫҲˡ
ڸɳǵ˺ħ˷ֲиͳƹѫ͵ִ£ϼȻҲ⡣
ʱĩϼפ˴ʿҶص˷ֲʯʱڶʿִ´ϽӰȡͣ¼ѫ
˳ڵĽʿȻ֮࣬ϵʵȻǿ󣡡
ݲ˳ӵ̾һ䡣
ϼǽϵľ󲿷ֽкʿٵϼسǣǱϵȫʿҲ˿ѷɫ
ɽЦ˵
ϧϵʵûܼҲ⵽˴ˡ
˵ҡҡͷȻתҶصʿҶ֣λǸϱѫͷڳһطסͷպж
ã
ʿ׷׵ͷ
Ҷ΢΢ͷһٵĶ
ڵĽʿڶ࣬˵ִҲ٣רŵʿǼǹѫŽ͡
ûãֵҶء
ҶһִµĹ̨ǰ棬һöӰһװĴڹ̨ϡ
ɱ˼ͷޣ
ִƳһ£Ҳû࿴Ҷأʵ߼ΪĽʿϵãǰλʿûκӡǼ֮Żӡ
Ҷص˵ͷʮö˳
ô࣡
ִ²һ̧ͷҶһۣ̰ڳһɫ̬ȣϸ鿴һЩ
ǵͽʮöҲûʲô
𾪵ǣʮöд붼ǾŽס˽̶һɱ֮Ľ𵤺ޣɲһĽʿ
ǰλʿʵ
ִ¼Ӱʶ̽ӰϸԱ
ִ²˿ڽɱǰǧϵλҪ˸߲˼Ϊϸ
ЩƷ֡ȽףӰ¼Ʒ֡ȽףһһԵϺţܿ϶ǰʿɱЩǴʿġ
һӰΪսģжصıǣ˼١
ִʶɿ쿴ӰԽԽľСΣһСսִ֣Ŀ⼸Щͣ޷ŵҶء
ǡ
ҶأϽϡ
ԭϽҶϣ
ִʲôһλʿڽɱٶȼ졣֪ǲǹھϲԵʮּ±¹ɱŽ޶ʮͷ˽޶ʮͷ߽ʮһͷ󲿷ޣںһ⵽𡣲ɱⲿɿԼ빦ѫֻΪû޷ȡ鵤ʯʡ
ʮöȰһƷʯɡ
Ҷصʾס
ҶؽӹһִµݹװдʯĴͷλȥ
̨Աߵļִ£ܿ˹ѫ֮ĻλϽҶһɱǰλ⣬ֻǾλߵ͡
Ҷȴû˿˷ܣװŴƷʯĴЩա
Ҫ֪սÿһڣҪһƷʯһ䣬ʮ䣬ʮƷʯ
ǰǴ޳óս޳ٺ˲䣬Ŵ޳֮мʱ˳
ȷʵɱ˲ޣս
ڰ޵ʬˣûܵõκͲϣʯȴ̫࣬ûлرʮö֮ǰ÷ɽɱޣõġ
ҪΪ˱սȥȺⱾ
ʵϣκһɹʿ¶սȥԻȡѫ̫Ǯˣ÷ɽ֮ķɱޣɱͣͷ
Ҳֻ£ʤܵĹͷƽʯɱսó
Ͻ˹ʿϱ깦ѫȡ˽󣬱뿪˷ֲڳʮ༸¥ΪʱľһʿѰҴսʧɢʿ

˼գܹڶԪӤʿڴŴսĽʿִϼǡټҶءݵɳȥѰģҲҵٽʿ
ɹͳϣټ𵤵Ӵսᡣ
ܹϽӽһ󣬵Ҷؼһ档

ҶزϽ¥󶥲һ᷿Ͻš
ܹüͷվڴǰӷ˪ƺ˲ٵҷ˿Ȼ֮ǰǳ̣˾޴Ĵ
Ҷϼǵ⼸죬йѪģ޳ϢеʵȴߣܽʵģҲֻܹ
Ҷϣɣ
ܹҶˣЩƣİһ֡
ҶºܹŻ˴ΧϮģ޳ͻȻûκԤϣʧءϽɹʯѾ٣ټԪӤʿλνʧءΨһñοǣʿԼһңҲ㱣סɹ
ҶĬȻ
ʿһҲʮ֮ࡣ
ģ޳УΣҵ£ֻʧһҽʿֵҵġ
ԪӤʿǰ棬ǣסʵǿһޣڽʿʱɱ޳İΧ롣ҵĿܣȫûҲǲܡ
棬кδ㣿
ڴս֮ǰ̫ϳϣʧܳ֡սܼѣһСܾҲ顣ȫܣڶɽҲйľ
ܹҶĬȻ̾˿󣬼˵ȻѾʧѡ˱֮ǰԷȥ
ǽô
Ҷ󣬵Ҳûκ⡣֮ǰв룬ܹԣΪһ̶ɥʧġ
ܹ˼˺һֻʣһʱ䣬ȥһʯҲѾ塣뱦ϼĽоɽ˴׼ʱϼǣԪӤʿɱʿùѫȡһ߶ñλĻᡣҶʣʱݶһ𣬼ϽڽʿɱޣܵĵõĹѫƼѣȫԸ
ã
ҶûԥֱӴӦ
ܹԼδɣȻܳˡֻʣһ꣬Ȱѻɱ޵ס
ܹҶͻΧ;еһЩ󣬲뿪¥ǰ
ҶӵһҴս£ܹо󣬵ûзϡǰҶظ޹ǰٹΰͻʱԼ֪ҶһСսҶʦݡһҳСͨսǿġ


611 Ա
ϼǣڵĽﷻԲ綫ɳһ㷱ܹ֡Ѫǰսʿǽкϵʿʵ˵ƼΪɫ
£µɱ񵥹ϼͷܶĴţ֡
ÿµɱȻڸɳǳصĳŴǰǧ֮󣬲ŻиΪϸɱ񵥵ڸ̸ۣԲǰǧ֮λϡ
Ϊ֮øʿȥעǰǧĽʿԪӤʿȥɱ
ʿͷգΪעıǰǧ
ݡɽ˶ʮֹģһҴǰȥ񡣱ҶһȥģֻҶҲϾȥݡɽһʮʿǰĶš
ʱĳſڴӵڶʿǰֵȫǽʿԪӤʿ
ɱ䶯ƵֻҪһδ޳ɱʿٵλһµʮϰλҲ
֮£ԪӤɱÿα仯ȶС޵٣ôɱһԪӤʿһڻɱһޣѾǼΪѵõ顣
ңԪӤǻͦݵģͷʹȺʿſϿҲҲסǰȻкʿλ
һ˼˳֮Уɸ̾ھ޴ĽɱϹۿѰԼ֡
ϸ»ûɱǰǧ
ɽɿɨɱ񵥵棬ûҵ֣еʧ
ڽڵʵֻܶǰǧİβһϣβûУǰ϶ûλá
ɽϣҲûʲôգֱӴӰ׿ʼ¿ܿ㿴Ҷص֣һ֮²ɳԾŴͣɱ񣬵ڡʮλһ¾Ȼôࣿ
ʲôҶʮ
Աߵһ㶣Ҷصλλٶ˲١
ǰ
Ҷɱǰλˣλʮ
ڿҶصλʱʿ޲ȡ
ǻ˵ˣ֮ǰѾԤϵҶӦаǰ֮ڡ
ǿۼҶμԦսδ޳кɱһѪ·ڴս֮µĵͼޣԼһʿҲûɱôޡ
ҶλǺʵġ
ֻһ³嵽ʮλǰкܿǰλãǳǵϡ

߰˵Ŀķɽ⣬ӵΧֱ붫ŲԶ˷ɽ¡
ԭӵڳſڴ١ǧʿһ·׷Զÿһ·ŸӵĿ⣬Ľ羴壬ǻʿΪ׵һɫ۵ʿ
߰ʿ̫ǿ֮Ŀ㡣
΢΢һʲôơĿ⿴˹ȥȴ֮ǰʱϼȻٹһʿģƺִһ
ݲһü
ȻƣΪǱϼٹΪڽɱϸ߾ӵھλĿǰϼǣǧʿУλߣʵǿһλ𵤾Ųʿ
Ķɽ磬Բ֪˭Ǳϼٹǲ֪ܲɱھλĽȻ˵Ȼľ޴ΪʵõģΪɹ
ȻʿҲɱڸλԾһ֧ʿСӡ
ϵܣǰһּˣλҲɱ񵥵ô֪λϸµնΣΣ
Ȼ䵭ĿɨʿƳݵȼҲڣͣЦϽᱱλĿǰûнǳɹˣݱǱɹٹλû϶ҪЩӡ
֡
һЦҪ˵
ȻļŮʿУһΪмЦ˵ǰЩʱգϽʯǱȺ޳ˣûסʧءӵϼǣ֤ͲˣʲôնλٵЩΣǰǧѾˡָܳ߶λ
˵ʿʵҲǼ䲻ϵһɹĵϵӻ٣ĿǰڰλʮλϼǣҲĽʿ
ɫʮְᡣ
ܹڽɱǰеʿһǿĹ֣Щʵƽ
ˣȴջ𣬸Ҫ˵ߵĻ¶ȥˡҲֻҪǰŽȻӣҪȥ
ɾ˵ˣϽֲ࣬ǳ»ɵģ
ɽûôĹ˼ɣ
㡫Ͻʿ˭ܳңҶϲٶλҲ߰ٶλѣ
Ŀݺһɣɱ񵥿ȥ
Ȼ죬һҲ񵥿ȥ
ҶأϽ峤ϡʮλ
Ȼͫһüͷ΢ɲһ¡
ǵãҶǰµڶٶλôһ³嵽ʮλҪ֪ԽλԽϳ塣˲֪Ѫų嵽ھλҪϳһλӲ޷
ٶ̫쳣ˣԲɱ޵ٶȣԼʱҲûٶȡ
ǣɱ˵ĳƶģ˼ΪǰʮǰٶгŵĶšͷ޷ݰ񵥣ûסͶȡɵĿܡ
ʮ
ٿŽɱ񵥣˰Σɫֻ࣬ŭ߷ߡ
ȻһļŮɫЩѿռΪѿ
ҶصλѾм󲿷ʿҲֻнȻǰʮλҶػžԵơǽȻĿǰƣֶܱã˵ҶһвȻλ
ɽʵʵǿЩĿˣǼΪ飬ҲֻˣĿˣǾʮֶˡ
ƫƫƲһȺʿǰ
λ˴ɹĵӣΪЧʱ򣬾ͲҪڽ֮ˡϵܣͷϵǣҪΪһС˴ҵĺ
ȻɫʲôֻЩӲ˵
ǻȴЩ⡣
һȺʿڳſڣ۰񵥵ʱ
Ϯ
ͻȻԶٵĹâһХΧѲߵӡ
ѶͻȻڽʿһﻹ˵Ͽ񵥣׷Զȥ
쿴öޡ޳ģ޳
²򣡡
޳ǣ
ȻɨΧӿĲˣһһĺɽһӿɲȻɫ𣬡죬̽ǣ׼سǣ
ԭڳڽʿ׷׾ѣӿڡ
ڵĽʿԪӤҲ׷״Ӹ¥ڳ˳ͷ
ģ޳ϼҲ
ݡɽһۣ¶֮ɫ׷˱ܽڡ
ϼǣϾϽʯɳǿĻ󷨵ġ޳ҪϼǸٵûס


612 
ϼ⣬سӵľѶ
һС¥Ҷ鵤洫д޳Ϯüͷһ壬¯·˼ʮ鵤̿¯
ڶǽкΪʿʿ壬˷֮ɫһδģ޳ϮԳڵʿ˵ҲΪѵõ飬ɱľʱ
Ҷزδʿͷơ
ܿ죬ڵԪӤʿʿϼ֯ڽĵǲ֮£һسǣһʿɱȥڵԭʿͺ޷ɱ
ʮպһͻȻĴ޳ʿǿѹȥ
ɳǵľ޴ãʱֵ쾡¡
˵ʿս֮õʿԼʱлǴ󱣻ɳݱܣõİȫһʿƻָָʱܼȥɱ
һɳǣѪϵʯһ
ϽԼ˹ʿʱֻϼǣԻùѫܹһԪӤʿֱӺͽϵԪӤʿǣǰɱȥˡ
ҶءݵˣЭǳأڵ츽ɱ߽ޣԶǳء
ˡŸʱڣѪģ޳ȫ汬˴޳󱬷ս巢ȫһηˣ鲼кݵ㡣
ֻҪгǳصĺ򣬶⵽ȵ޺޳Χ
зǿʯǣһ޳⵽ش
ϽȻܵùһ޳֮оͱʯǣʧС޹ūЩɹҲûˣͬǻ٣ʧΪء
ĳǳأʮһǿĳǳء
޳ϼǵʿԶܵʿǰϼǣгǳغʿչս
Ҷϼס󲿷ʱԼ鵤ȡƷʯÿżȥɱһˣùѫ
̶̰˾ӽɱĵʮλ˵ʮһλ
ҶԼ֪δȫ
ܹԼһڽɱǰλλѾǰλλã޹ūɹĽ𵤾Ųʿѹ档ڽɱϽĽ𵤵ѾռԵơ
ϳ壬Ǿǽɱ񵥵ǰʮͷɹĽ𵤵ͻδһ¡
ֻһڽĴɹ֮ѡһλ˴˴ռɱ񵥵

һա
ҶյسһŴ򿪿꣬΢΢üͷ
ǱϼٹȻĴ˵Ҫ̣ǰѶָһۼء
ϼϣȻλϼٹȨƿν󣬶ϼڵԽʿеָȨɳǡԪӤʿڳ£ȻȫԳƵϼǽʿ졣
Ҷس˼һ£ȥһˣȻʲôҪ̡ϾֻҪϼסһ죬Ͳܲλٹӡ
رҶϼǡ
Ҷֱ⣬󵺸һҵϿաⲻɴСĺϽңѾ𵤾ŲʿڵȴˣҸɱλߵʿ
Ȼ𵤾Ų۷壬ɱھλϵϼٹ
˼磬𵤾Ų۷壬ɱʮλϵ𹬵ϵʿ

٣𵤾Ų㣬ɱʮλϵϵʿ
Һ飬𵤾Ų۷壬ɱڶʮλϵԪϵʿ
ݣ𵤾Ų㣬ɱһٶʮλϵϽٹ
ݵλ΢˵㣬ǰ֮Сǿǵɱ޵ʱ̣ʵʵǰ֮С
ǰʿڰ񵥵ǰλ֮УսΪǿԺա
Ҷһ֮£Щȣ̳ЩʿϡϾڽɱλߣպʿҶز֪ܲЩ˵Ļ
ټҶԼ𵤰ǰλı߰λ֮ࡣ
ҶȻЩɻ󣬽ȻһȺ𵤺ʿ˵ʲô˷ɽȥ
Ҷˣ
ȻȻվڽһ࣬һɲȡҶطɵЦ
٣֪Ǻ£
Ҷڽϣһ֣ʵ
ȷҪ£ҶȵȵȰɣλҪʱһ˵
Ȼ΢΢һȴûŽ͡
Ҷؼ˶ڵţҲöʣһЪĿѯԵݣҲһͷˮҡҡͷȻ֪ȻټҪʲô
һҫĿâֱٽʯϿգ
ϼǣɱλߵĽʿ˴˵ءһжʿͬʱϼǣҪһ䶯
ʿɫȻʮɻ
ǽȻԳڵĽʿеȨһȺʵǿĽ𵤺ʿǲһġ
λѣټλǰһ˽ҪִСλϼսǿĽʿϣλ¾ͬģһɴ񡣡
Ȼ˵ˣĵ˵ͷ˵
֣ǺҪЩһȥɣ
뽪ʾ
ʿ׷׵
˻Ȳ˵·ֻ֪ͣҺʹһִдΣչͬеºҲң㹻Ļر
ȻĬһ£˵
֣ǲ˵²ȥˣ

ʿҲ׷׵ͷԹۣȻȥҪ֪ʿǼеλʿĻȥִͼ
Ȼ˵ƣĿһ
ǰһ֧Ѳ߶̽ʱ򣬷һͷĺۼ˴£׷ȥִڶһûƺˣǱˡҽټλǰȥ֮̽ûлɱ
Ȼ˼һ£ԭί˵
ɱޣ
δ̫ʮϵ޿ɲ޿ɱȣ˶ʤȺʿڽ𵤰λߣҲ޷һͷȡ
Ϊβ棬ȥֻɱޣ
˲𾪡
ɱһͷ˵ޣǴ󣬿ջҲҲδ棬ȻǴһ˽ġɱޣͿ϶ǣǿɵòٺô
ȻĿɨˣұ㽫ˣ˴Ҹ˷ջƷʯһɹɱޣƷʯǸλ˴ĳ͡
ƷʯҲƷʯھ󲿷ֽ𵤺ʿ˵ԳƵһӵȫ㽪ȻǱϼٹһó˶ʯҲǳס
Ȼ˾٣Ȼ˼ľġ
ɱĹأ˭һɱĹѫ˭ϡɱھŵλãصʮּѣһֱϳ塣һҳɹɱһٳ嵽ףڶɽþ޴ȻˣޣûҵУλСҲлʶɱĵһλҵʮ𵤺ʿǿʵɱһͷ˵ޣȫϣϣܹеġô֮󣬻ðһԣ
ȻЦ
ڳλʿһۣ˼ڻԾȻŵǱʯ꣬δҷʿĶǽɱĵһλȴջ
ҪڶɽһΪͷһ۷ڣû㹻ôСڲȳΪԪӤʿڶʵǿԪӤ棬ﻹĻᡣ
м䲻ˣǸɹٹɹϵӣ⼸һֱͣڽ𵤾Ų۷壬ٳٲϹȥͻԪӤƿϣѹСĽɱϻ㹻ô


613 ͹ſ
ҵȵʵɱһͷ˵ޣкܴİտһɹʶɱ𶫺ɽ磡
ٺܿʾ֧֡
ʿｻ̸
ڳʮʵĽ𵤺ʿһǸȻߵĽٵϵɹʿֽ֧Ȼ⡣Ϊսɹ棬ҲȻһ֮ǰȥɱޡ
һ̬ȲʣǲϵɹʿҶءݶ˱˱ϵ̫ؽȻ棬ǵֻеͷա
ֻ㹻󣬷㹻СŻῼǷȥðɱޡ
ҶѸ˼š
ʮͨĽʿҪȥɱһͷޣȫ붼ö롣
ڳʮ𵤺ʿڽɱǰλ֮Уÿһ˵ʵǼǿ
ڳʿһλɹٹλǴɹٹһλɹϣλǴɹĵϵʿǼҵ׼ΪʵĽʿ
˵ûǿķ¹š
ҶԼһͷʮ׻һСս֣һʮޣֻҪ޲ǿף㹻ܵʵ򲻹Ҳߣһͷޡ
Ȼϼٹڽɱ߾ӵھλж׼ɱﵡȥɱޣ϶Ѿ˼ɱͷ޵İա
һʿصʵȫóӦͬʱͷʮޣӲͷʮޡ
Ȼټϼʵǿʮλʿһȥ̶ܴΪ˱գԷһ;гֱʡ
Ȼˣյİ취üԪӤʿһȥֻһսԪӤʿûǵķˣҲûҪרȥɱʲôޡ
ڽʿһжԴжеס
ʧķսСɹİմһɹջǾ޴ġǶЩٹɱλõջǼģպ̳йλλа
ҶĿǰڽ𵤰λѾ㹻ˣ԰׵λòء
Ǿ
뷨ΪʵսԺ⾭ЩٹĽʿ򽻵ڶ˽ǵɱﵺʵ

Ȼ飬ɣ
Ȼû飬ȡһͼչ¶еĺͼӰ˼ۣϺ
ʿһۣ׷ϡ
ϼսǿʮʿӷѪ
֮ǰ׷ٲ̽ͷ˵޳Ѫһϣ˲Ѫϼǵʿⷢ֡ϱϼǣűȻ֪
֮һʮʿŵͼϵļ¼ɵһƬİĺ
ƬŵַΧ㡣
ɱһͷ˵ޣһ̶ȵΣԱġ
Ѫϣ޵ѪѪеľǿҡ޵ӾڽԿΪ֮ҲᵽϢ
ȻӴȡһɫСƿʿʮһƷƳɵ㣬ÿݽƷʯؽڿóҵϵϢʮһҲŲ޻Ϊ㣬ԱǰŴޡҾ㵽ʱԣƾ㣬ҷɢݣҲ׷١Լܱһ֮ãмɲҪڴ˺
ְ£Ȼʮס
Ȼд㣬˴ܶһݰա
ʿԣȴǲСľϲ׷׳ޡʵڸζĵҲҩڶǴƷ׽ϵֻͣͽ޵Ǽġ
Ȼû˿׼Ϊ֣һֱʮʮһƷ׵㣬Ҳ˱Ǯʮ׵ޣϸѰ֮£л֮бʿϢ
Ȼ΢΢һЦƿ⣬зֳʮ΢ɫֱʿ
ЩɫΧʿһƣɼһɵͨݼΪơȻޣԴҲͨע⡣
ʿȻϢƬ
˲ʱ䣬һ鵺
ɽ㣬ٲȪˮɽк£֮ȫɾҪǣϵŨԶܸоڶҲҵĵ졣鵺ֻԪӤʿʸõ
ʿͣ鵺Χ΢΢̾
˵棬ƣ˿û֮ڴ˴޽һ洦󡣿ϧˣȴѪк޺޳ûû˸ֵطס
Һ龪
µѪϣ
Ȼٶȿһ۵ͼᣬ˵Ũ޺ܾܿϣˡ;˵֧ʿ飬ڷѪ֮˾ţͣҴһϼǣûжԴ˵ϸѲ顣ºƲ޶Ƽأû׷ɱǡ
˵֮һжҪ¡ȻˣϾޣһڣҵǧҪšֻҪסҵʵ໥ϣҵйĥҲĥ
ʿɫΪȣ¶Щ˷֮ɫȻɱΪڴԽʿʵɱޣɲѰʿеȥ顣һ𵤰ǰλʿһ𣬿Ҳδظðա
ȻˣıЩʲôȴ˵
ҶĿ⵭ɨˣɫȴ侲
һʮʿУǺͽȻߵĽʿӽȻķɵǲⲿʵǽȻ൱̶ϿƵġ
ʣµʿвͬͬĺֻܵȻĹӶûаѽȻ̫һ¡;һıʣǽȻܿơ
ܹɱ޵ģʵǿĽȻ
һ㣬ҶǺġݣֻǳһҲûб̫
ʿСĽĽ֮С
ʿ뵺ϸѰ޵ټΪ˱ⱻ֣ûͽСʿʩչٶҲ
ãʿɽ£̧ͷȥ΢΢Ȼ
ǷʲôΣһ壬һСѶϣֱɽɽһ۵ĶұСſӵּûκΡ
ʵǿʿס
ʿסĻһڱζڣⱻֻʿȥΪ̫öʧЧʧȥ֮ͨӦǹŶ
ⲻǾ죬֮ǰǻţѪ鵺ӦûʿҾסûһתۿһ
ſǿ֪˭Թſ֮ĳƺԾӣ
ûӡ󣬶ԪӤʿ֮꣬˭ǵô࣬Ҫ˵ˣﻹ˼ѪʿٸޣҲûʲô˻֪
ߣȥ
޻ûټҵһʿ໥һۣ¶ɫ׷ʩչǶӶȥ
ŨĵطǹŶڵء
ڵ̾ˣҲѡ񶴸֮ܶ
һ·ɽŵһɵȲݵϢɫ߳û֮أԲɱȲݣо綾ͨߡİ֮
ȷڴ˹Ŷ̾ᡣ


614 ϼ
ڽʿڹſſʮɴϢͣ
Ҷس˹ȥ
ſʯϣһɫʯţѴ룬ʯ̮ڵϣȻ⵽ǿƻ
ҷмߵĻɫâȲݣҡҷȼɢŵȳζŻ⣬лһ˿Ѫ
ǿȲݵȳζų˿еѪҶزüͷ
Ѫ֮У̺һηǿϢֻʮ޵ľѪŻǿϢѹ鵺ϾȻûмκεͽ޴ڣޣҲͱɺ˵Ϣˡ
ſǴ򿪵ģֱӽȥ
ּ޶ⶴǱˡ
Ƚȥ϶Ҫðա
˭Ƚȥ̽·
ʿδ໥һۡ
Ҷصʹûκζ˼ǲȽȥġ
Ҳû
˼࣬㽪Ȼλĵϵִһ񣬷ðճǰ档
Ȼûģԥһ£ΪҲں棬ҵ˼硢Һ顢ࡢٵλʿʹһһǰɫ
ǼϵĽʿһɱޣƽʱĬ
֮ǰϢ羪˵صޣδʱƽҪ붴ȻڲأгԵķɽӰųӰͬʱڳ˳ȥ
ҶءݣԼǮ衢־֣λϵĽʿҲгӰ򶴸
˼ַǰʮɴĹŶ֮С
ŶΪɣмڷżªʯΡʯżűٳ飬ԣڲ޳ϻһЩ޵ıڻֻϾȥϸ
޲ڴڡ
˸ա
Ŷͨ
ÿһͨĶϣзģɢŵĹâƺнơ
ⶴڵĽ󣬻ûʧЧ
һͨڣ
һʱס


һɺ컨ƼеĻޣϥ˫ĿΪĺɣƺڳˡصĺıϢŵĳɫ档
ͻȻʲô˫΢΢һ߷϶Ͷâ
쬣
һɺ⣬ȵȷӶһͨһڴڡ
˻ΪԪӤʿ٣Ϣⶴû뵽ȻһȺʿɣ
ƺЩɺӣ˸ĴʿһȺһϷʣԽȻҶصһȺʿΪм

ʿǰһһͷ֣߳ѼķɽҪͲס
ڳ˶ǶɽĿǰһС𵤺ʿȻһͷޣҲаգҲ޾ɫĿǰΪֹһǵƲ֮ڡͷʮʵȷʵ˲ˡ
ƿᣬͷȴǲСģҵº󣬿Ϊһȫʬ
ȻĿѸٴߣ

Ƣ꣬ԴŭһХһӣһĻƾն֣쬡޻ΪһֻӰȻٳȥ
޾ޣˣҲһʿӲġ
֣
Ȼ˫âһһɽסǰˣûӲӲ϶Ҫ군
˲ХۿҪ
ڽʿ׼ͬʱԵķһʮɽâǣ߷Χ˹ȥ
ҶعԪɽ࣬
ʿҲһԪԼǿķ
һﶼǶʿȻǵһǳֹļΪͬʱ
Ҫ׷ȻţɱȻЩҲ϶ȫϣƤУҲס˲ɡѾˣһٶˣȫ͹֮£ɡ
ĿԼȥһʿֻ˽ȻǸȻһ˻ȥ裬ɲǼ仯ΪһһɫӰΧһʮֵȥ
žһ󼱴ٵı죡
ʮǵûܹƻķɡ٣׵ڽʿһֹơû˿ڶ෨ȴѻٻ١
ʿջظԷΧųߣ໥һۣɫЩסƽʱɱʱõǿֶζóˣκβͷʮ׳ޡ
ɱﵣǲɱͷߡ
Ҷ΢΢ƫͷȻȻȻɱޣ϶׼ǿֶΣȴ֪ʲôֶΡ
Ǿôһ㱾£
޹ƣеĻЦϸ졣ɺɫתţĶʿ¶̵׹⣬ȻˣǾҸڣñһ١
Ǳٹ㳢ұϼϼ
Ȼһ˿䳰жһöȭͷС飬ķתͣߵɫͬϼ⣬ڷ˸Ծ
ϼϼ飡ߵͬϼɫǾϼ顣
ȻΪɱͷޣȻϼ飡
ʿ֮д󲿷ʿʶһö飬ʱȻɫ
ϼ֮𶫺ɽ磬ʶλΪϼ֮ϼͨϼ֮
ϼΪһɫϼ⣬Ϊɫϼ⡣ÿһɫϼⶼá
ҶҲõһöۺϼ飬һɫϼ⣬ܹݵĶסһ¾ûˡ
ϼڵϼԽ࣬Խơ
ɫϼֻڴ˵ǧδ˵һöɫϼ飬óѹ͡ɫϼ⣬ÿʮ꣬żڶһ
ϼ鱾㼫Ϊټϼ飬ϼҲòöֻбϼԪӤϼҪвС
ȻΪٹҲôһö
Ҳܲá
ɱޣִɱóָʿƴ
סϼ飬Щ꣬ƺϼᵽΣյϢȥɣ߲ЩĽʿȥˣȻӳȻʿ
ɫϼ⣬
Ȼֿɫϼ飬ͺһϼͷűһɫϼ⣬ֱǸǿĻɫϼסӲڰжã鲻ȥ
ϧɫϼֻܶס֮Ʒܶסͱʿˡ
ͳȴ˿ɺһ۱ɣǵһ
ڣۺϼĶʱЧ̣һûʱڰѻ޸ˡ
ɱ
˼硢ҺλʿӦ죬״̲ٿطɽǵأʧȥĳն˹ȥ
߷ŭУոػֵķˣҲÿȥһˣܿļɽ׼󷽵ͨȥһξ룬ȻٷٶȣڽʿҪҲѡ
ʿڶٴա
Ⲣζųӹһ١
ϼ鲻ôöԸġ
ɫϼֺϡеķöԸ
ɫϼ⣬
ȻȣκλĻᡣ
һɫϼ⣬ֱ߱
ɫϼ֮ڣǳ߼˵ٶȴ½ټ߰˳ϣƴӣ趯еĻֵķҪʿٶ࣬©ķɽնϡȻûɶ˺Ҳס
ɫϼ⣬Ŀϣ
һɫϼȥ֡
߶ʱɫϼ֮κɫеʿĸ֪Χȫʧ
Ȼջ޴֪εֵ˷ķ
ֻܷ趯ޣסܵĵסΧķڷ붼롣
ɫϼ⣬Ѫȼ
ڽɫϼͬʱȻеϼ飬ٶȱһɫҫĿϼ⣬ֱߡ
һ±ɫϼס֮͡ڵѪȻԶȼϵļУ𲻵κεֵáԭ㸺ˣѾϵ˿ڣʱѣƬѪ
ʿϲܹ˵ڱ¶ˡ
ɽֱȥͣ
˿ڣ˺ѿ
ϼЧǿĿ죬ȥҲ죬ֻάգ۹
գ֮Ĺ򣬸ɫϼⶼѾʧЧȻҲʧ
ͣ£ȼյѪ⣬ҲѾֹͣȼաƣٱǰغüһõĵطôҲû뵽ǰһСȺʿȻܰң֮ҲûС
ʿҲͣ
Ҷͷȴε𺳡
Ȼƾϼ飬ȫĹࡣ˹һͣ£Ҳòͣ£ðڽȻĿ֮£һƣȫ׵ռϷ磬ѹųޡ
ϼĴλȻƽ׵ڣϼڶɽ缫ٳ֣ϼҲࡣҪȻ˭ܸϼԿ
Ҷزɸеҡ
״ƺֹۣô˵Ҫҵ븹𣿡
Ȼɵϼⷨ飬Ѿǿŵĳߣ䳰ϼⷨɫϼ⣬ɫϼ⣬ֵѾ١ϼ⹥ʤȯա


615 
߻սζʹŤš
ʿХĿ˸ź֮ɫ⸱ɫ֮£ȴǶԽȻöϼⷨη塣ѾܵϢڲ
֪öϼⷨ黹ʲôĹֶΣ԰
Ȼʱ֣ͣڽʿֻǽΧסδֹĴȻ޷Ĺڽʿǻȥмˮлġ
ҶЩĿͷ
̫ùʮ׻ޣһȺʿڹŶڣΧŹҡ
ʮֻһ֧ͨĽʿ飬Ҫô类ͷɱ⣬Ҫôͱŵ֮زز첻κв
ƫƫһ֧ɱλǰĽʿ顣
λĽʿ飬ɽҲԴճ֧
ҶֿطųޣŤͷƳһ۽ȻеöâѤõϼⷨ顣
Ȼϼ֣ȻԪӤʿҲԴӽȻֺá
Ҷصһ£ҪǺͽȻд裬Ȳ֪ϼ϶ҲᱻֲʮǱ׼лʤ
ԽֻǽȻʵôһЩתΪʤ
ƫƫﻹʵǿĽʿԵֶζû
Ҷ˿ɣ˵ֶΣȲ˽ȻҲ̫ࡣһȺʿƴƴĻͷߣҲδؼܵס
һ֧Ķʿ飬ſӶûӣֻ˵̫ù
һ뵽ҶһЩֵһǰſ
һĹŶ߻ǿƿʯɽڣӳȥġͨɽңǾסġ
ǣ˿ûͼ
ϸɫĹŷ˸ŻǿĹâǽ󷨣뻹ûʧЧӲޱȣɽڶ
ڽʿͳڶʱҲûȥЩĽơ
Ȼ˿һʤȯյ飬ɫɣǽȴû˿и
Ͼɱޣ֮УҲΣԡ
ƼأѹƲסХһεʼɫâϱ仯ܿɢȥֳһһɻðųɫֻһ·ƬЩһɺɷ֮
һʮɵ˿ڣǣ˿ڱԵۿɼٶڻָţ漴ֱ˿ڴںںѹƻȥϸ΢ĺ̡
Ʋڽʿķɵģ֮ǰѾˡ
޵ǿһɫۼ׵ķ൱С֮ͨǰˣڽʿҪԪˣҲ
Ѫ˫ͫ׹ҵʿͻȻſѪڣһųɫâһתĳɫ棬ϱǵ֮ơ

𲻵ԵޱȣҼŻ𶾡
ãˣ
ȻȻɫҲ룬ͷŶ
ǴΧĹԪӤʿûʲô𣬲շҪѹƣлսڼսмΪΣաСĹŶڣ޴ܡԪӤʿҲη壬ǿпס𡣵ǽʿ̫Ӳ
ߣ
Ȼ죬ҶءݵʿĶҲųƴһԣĿϸĳ̳֮򶴸⡣
Ļ٣մȾһɽĳ棬Ǻ䣬ֲ㱻մҪǸ˼硢Һ˼ʱȣˮϵ߽׷ȥһµҪΪˡ
֮䣬ʿӳ˹Ŷ
ҶػͷһһڵѾŶɡڵĹŷģͻȻҫɫâȻδܽϨ١
ξ޳ĳߣҲڳ棬ͳ˳֮ʯۻͷϣһö棬˻ХųУø
ʿŽΧסƷɽ׷׿񹥣ڵķҲҪǮĺ˹ȥ
˿ûкʿƴͼ뼫Ⱦ֮УӡˣΧ֮£Ҫûôס
ҶٿشнһΧߣͻȻһݣ㵵Զʡ
Զĺ棬һ©״Ĵ˶ɫ籩Ӻգͨ죬췽پ籩Բʮһ׶뵺ԽԽԽˡ
籩
Ҷתͷȥɫɴ䣬һ
ٿʿһ߽Χߣ׷׳ȥɲǼһɫ
ǽȻ籩ɫ䡣ɱ֮ǰȫûԤϵֵ֪籩ѡʱɱ
֣籩ߣϱˡǻɱɱߣ
پ
ǻ߰ɣ籩ǽʿԵġԪӤʿһҲ޷ѣֻûнʿ籩ܻų
籩߶ˣ
ٵЩң
籩֮ڣı׶סˮУÿһȸ߽׷СͨС籩ǧ籩൱Ƭ֮ɽ
ܶԿ
һϳ籩ʿԶԶܿǶɳڣԶܡ
Ȼɳǵķ籩֮µҲ
һɳǱ籩ݻ٣ڵʿ˲ء
ɳˣҪ˵Ұ⡢籩
Ҳѹ˾֣ҪߣȻǻҲֵס籩Ŀֲ
Ѿǿ֮ĩƼأҵֻҪټһѾɱ
Ȼۼ籩ϮͼѣϧԼصһöϡϼŰѳߴˣĿϷŹᣡ
ıãһٳϽɱ׵Ψһᣬǰһˣʶɱİף൱һʱڰӶɽ磬պա
ɴƣԪӤھ磬Ҳܱ㹻ཫȡλİ൱
˽վûᣬպʱٻɱ޵
籩ֲҪһܹ籩δ֮ǰλȫ߻ɱ
Ȼ˫ͨ죬һֲٿطɽֱߣһеϼⷨƴ
ʿڹϣȻȻɱۣ籩˾ȻϷ֡
֣²װɣ
˼硢١Һ˶Ǹ潪Ȼã¶ʮΪ֮ɫ
ߣüܿԶ֮籩
ȻɱҲܡǣߵĻ籩һƽʮ֮ڣɲġ
λȫ֣ʲôֶζóɱ˴˵
Ȼϼⷨ鱬һϼ⣬ߡ


616 ſ
߾ͼʿİΧȦ籩Ϯ趯βɨ֮ɽʯضɽҡ
ǣȻöϼⷨ飬ôѡ
ɫϼ˲Ϣ֣һ˲䣬Ϸ֣ɫϼҫ֮ƤۼףȻʼѸľ껯һݻƤ֮ӲԴ
ڣֻһʱ䣬ɫϼʧˡ
߱ľֻһƤۼףѪǲδľɫϼٶôƬ̣ȫľΪһ͵ľߵ޷
ڽʿ״һۣһҧ׷Ӳĳ߳ɱȥ
˼硢١Һ顢༸λʿϵɹĵӣԸ׺ͽȻϵ񻯡ѽȻԸһȻ䣬ǻȥ֮޷ȻŻȥһ⣬ǶΪȥ
֪籩٣ҲòӲͷƤȻȫɱߡ
༸ϵʿƺЩԥ
֣߲ߣ

Ǯ裬־ɽ֣ˣ໥һۣһʱɲҪǾʹȥϼǿ϶ȥˣֻȥǽȻĵ̣ȥ֮󣬿϶Ǻ޴¡
Ҷ֣㿴أ
ݿҶһۣ˶ϽɹʿȻһж
ҶԶ籩Ѹٹһ籩ִﵺĴʱ䡣ҲҪʮĹʿӰѾĻü籩֮ǰɱߡ
ɱɣ
ҶصȻ
˼ñϼٹ𵤰λھŵʿǼݵλԶˣʲôϧģҪǱ籩ȥˣ˵汳
˼״Գ˼䣬
ʮĽ𵤺ʿ֣ʮɽ񹥣ŵסնССټƵ˿ڣľۼףնĴѣѪĽ
ǻޣһѪǼΪͣͱʿķնĭˡ
߱ˣһ岻ʿΧɱۼ籩ԽԽ˻һβһ˦ɨΧɽͻȻͷſȥΧȦѾûָҲֻйſʱܿ籩㲻ʿҲᱻ籩˺Ƭ
ͻȻӻضʿЩ졣
ʱԶ籩ѾϮ뵺첻һʮڣֲϢԽǿҡѾӿľĴŵɳ̲ʯ
һǿҵĿʿԶ籩跨ȫվȡ
֣߰ɣһƽʮ֮ڣ߾ˣ
ٵķ絶
޸ҽⶴڶ籩ⶴӦǱȽϰȫˣ籩ƽϢ϶֮ززҲ޼Ѱ׷
ȻĿоâҲ˵Ӱһϼֱⷨӳſȥ
ټӣΣųſȥ
鵺ںķ꣬δ籩ݻ٣ɽʯȻΪ̡Ŷڵİɽɽڣܿ籩İջǼġ
ǳ붴ڣ֮󣬹ͨ׺յĿֲ籩ӵϺɨ

ֻ߲붴һͨŶݡ
ſͨ
˸ŵĹϷĹâЩӡƺ߽׷ķӡڼãȴȻá
ʿ׷ɱŶ׷ͨľͷ
һϵʯţסȥ·ʯϿ˷ķӡ
߻ͷһ׷ʿ޴βͣײʯš
ʯŵĺʲôʵϣӽŶڣһֱˣδ̽ŶĴڵĽƣҲЩӡڣҲ˲ôˡ
䣡
ʯŷӡ߸ǿײ飬ѿ
ߴϲ˽ȥǽȥһ֮£¶
һյʯɵĿռ䣬ⷿıڶǼӲޱȵʯʯڼӲķĹ䣬ûκĳڡ
ƺһʹңһЩܺʯӣܺҷֽ鼮Ʒ
ʿѾ˽߸Ķʯڡ
ѾǳήҲʯһǡɫ޹⣬޴鲼ڶСС˿ڣɣûһãв˼ڸǵˣǺľ
Ѿ;ĩ·ʯĽ䣬¶ĵ񡣲Ҫ˵ʮʿֻʿҲԽնɱ
Ȼϼⷨ飬ʯţһ˱ܽ߶ʯڣ޻ӳȥ
ʿ½ʯڣһ󴢲ңЩ⡣
ż
ݷɿɨһʯĿЩܡʯϡ
ּϵһż
һᴫǣùϵ֣ڽ˿ҳϼزɽʿš
ϹŴʿſˡϹŴʿʸ񡮴ܡֵģǾǶɽһǿڡŶǹſס֮أ
ݷ˷Ȼ˵
ڻʵ䡷ţǶɽڶϵɷ֮һڹŴпļأѾʧꡣô
˼Ϸһ伮һʱʧ΢΢
Ǯ裬Һ飬ٵʿһϡڷ
ǧѪӰݷħһλϹžͷѪݷѪǧ֮⣬ǲ֮أôУ
Ǯܿҳһŵ䣬ȴզ࣬ͬš
ҶضҲɨһʯӣͻȻУͫһ
һѵļ׹ǣɭȻɫ͸˿˿Ϣ
붼û룬һУ㽫ǿļ׹С
׹ƬϢ̫Ϥˣڤ󷨡ĲƬбһĲƬһ飬ˡ
ʶ׹Ƭɨһصȴǹϵ
Ҷز̫ϵƷ׵ı˵ֳܹżɨȥϧЩż֮УûпԪӤ
䴢ѾܺʯӴ󲿷ֶǿյġ
ĹżԼϰٲᣬʿܿЩҵĵ伮Уҵٳɫɷ䡣ʮԪӤϣΪϡɹżֵԼһЩǹֵ֮࣬Խϵ͡
Щż;֮ͷһϽãȰѳɱ˵
ȻųߵĶɨʯЩ伮֮˼ܿĿ˸˼£
ʯڵգһ
ǽȻڣôЩż⻹ö˵϶ڽȻС
˼硢ҺһۣĬǼ˸ȻһģȻĺôºӦûһָǣȻ׳ڷԡ
ݣǮȼλʿȴ¶ŭɫȻҪЩ伮ºʯ֮ĲҲȫ޷Щŵļֵȡ
֣²װɣ˰䲼κִ;ƷִУָƷ֮⣬ûϽĹءҴ˴ǽ˽ίеЩƷϽ֮СЩż䣬ҵʮ˾ˣÿǣ
Ǯ̵
Ǯϵܣң֧ӣֻǸִηսƷ˵˲㣡ǹأĪҪսҵ֮λ
ȻĿһ±䣬ֽϼⷨ飬ɫ
ǮʵڽɱŵڶʮλʿȻȷ֧ĶӳԱҲǿӡڶӳǾǿƵ£սƷη֣ÿ˵
Ǯ貢彪Ȼвλʿ˵λѣǿηЩ伮
־ɽ֣ˣȻǵͷֵͬЩ伮
Ҷ֣أ
ҲֵֻͬҪҶͬ⣬ô֧һ˳̬ͬȡ
Ǯ˵ЩżǴҷֵģȻǴҷˣ
ҶسĬһ£˵
ܷνȻЩֵⷢɹżˡԼòõϣЩ̸ϣ۵ϡ䡣ңҵһ顶ڤ󷨡Ƭ͸ûˡ
ȻĿɨҶأݣǮˣüͷ
ɵģҶء
ȻڽɱλǵھλҶڽɱλʮһλǶ⼶Ľ𵤺ʿܹӳսΪѷֳʤ
ǶֶΡ
Ȼϼⷨ飬ܴϼ⣬żţܹס档
˵ˣҲʿͬϵʿζռϷ硣
ȻţҶءǮսλӳš
ʯڣʿԷΪɣռ΢
ҶͻȻ׳䴢һŹһͷڹ֮֡ɭȻϢǿѹʱʯҡ
ҶֵȻЩż䣬ɱ˳ߣɴ˴񡣽ΪΣ
ôܣ
Ȼ۽΢΢һ鴤¶ŵɫ
˼硢ٵʿ֮£˺׷Ȼ


617 
ȻһҶأǻƵļҪѪ˼硢ٵ˶סָø⣬죿
ܶܣҶصпܻСͨ߷֮ɱﵡ
ȴû뵽Ҷлһ
ڶɽ磬ʿֻܹӵоŽµĽޣӵʮϻڵޡΪһƽ׽ʮ׻ھ磬ῪߵǣΪޣԪӤʿĴڡ
ʿɵޣѪӪʿӪʿǳ׽ֻ᳼ͬǿԪӤʿ᳼ԶԶĽʿ
ʿͼǿȥʹޣᷴˡ
ڶɽ磬ʿŻޣȻҡе
ֻһ⣬Ǿǿܣؿܣǿܵȵȡͽʿٿظ߽׿ܣŲõĻ⵽ɡ
ȻԴʮͷܹҶؿƣ϶ǱĨȥǣΪ˿ܡ
Ҷؽų򵥵˵һ仰㲻ٶԣֳĬǣ˿˭ҲҰĻ߷硣ƾֻ㹻ʿη
Ȼзࡣ
ǳףⱦϼٹ̲Щɹŵ䡣֧飬еʵǿ˾ηʿӳʵѹסȺʵǿѷĽʿҪǸҶרУ̻սԤϵġ
֣ǳģֺαؽ֦Ϊ⼸żִǵµòʧ
ݲֵ̫Ȱ˵
ȻĿɨʿףڳ󲿷˶ϣֵżּ֧ΪޡһԲֻ˳̨ɣÿһʣµϽˡ
ҶЦûٳԷ
䴢ڲдĹżϰٲᣬмֵԪӤϹżᳬʮᣬÿ˴ԼҲֵܷһᣬ˭õ˭
Ҷֱӽǿءڤ󷨡ļ׹ƬˣǮˡǧѪӰݷ˼ߵǡڻʵ䡷ҵǡǬ˸ѡһҲûʲô
Щͽ׵Ĺż֮࣬Ⱥ𵤺ʿ˵ûټֵòҲν⡣Ȼλӳӣǿά
˹ż˵Ŀٴʯڳϡ
ʯҽ¶־֮ɫ
ֵʱѾˡȫʢʱҲ⻯Ķ֣οء
ɱ
Ȼƣȫߡ
ʿ׷ɽΧߡ
ԸԴУſ޴Ѫ߿ڣ³һήҲĳӿ棬γһʮɴ滤ܣ赲ڶ෨Χ
͵Ļ棬Ƶʿ׷׵ˣҹڱƽ
ʱͻȻˣһΪһĺӰ꣬ǿ˺滤ܡʿ棬˿塣צģ˺ߵĸ
˻
Ӵ޴ܣӲһʹӶ˿¶Ƥⱻ˺һ飬ʬһʴ˲ںڣڸ
ŭ˻Хβ˦ƴĹ
˳ߵ滤ܣʿȫʹ͹ʮɽΧ֮£ʮΡ
쬣
Ȼ죬һöʧصĳɫСҲû˸Ͼ˶Ѿʣɱ޵ġ
Ҷعȥߵǰȡ˳޴С
ߵĺǣûô
Ҷֻƽ𵤼ã޷ԪӤáĸжͻԪӤ磬ҪȻҲӵԪӤ
ɱ˳ߣڹſĴѰһ£ڷĹŶδҵƷ
ʱûа취뿪Ŷ
籩δȥ춼΢΢
ڣ̮ҷ磬
⵺ܴǧɽ»֪ε籩
籩δȥ֮ǰֻʱڶЪš
ڽʿڶڣҵطϢָսĵķ˳ɣ籩֮⣬û鵽ʲôա
ҶءݵˣȻһиңδһϢ
ҶڶͨһɾĿյطϯض
Ҳڸ£մȾѪķɽʲôƺЩ£ͻȻ΢΢̾һ
֣ô
ҶЩ֡
ûʲô
ֹЦһ£ŵֻ룬ҿԪӤھ磬Ǽˡ
Ϊ˵ֵʣڶӦǼߵġ
Ҷơ
ݿҶһۣβŵ֪ȻΪβϧɢðҲҪȥɱߣ
𵤰İף
Ҷ˵
ףֵðա
ҡҡͷ˶٣ҪõģӦǻھ磡
Ҷû˵ֻš
ݻڶɽ磬ھ󲿷ʿ˵ԪӤڱѾǾͷˣڻھ磬Ծ󲿷ʿ˵ǸǺ̸ԪӤ֮󣬹츳ûõġҪۺĲȨƣõɫĸ߽鵤Ʒȥ١
ɽʷϣֹٻʿֻͻƾ֮󣬺ܿ뿪һ磬伣ǰµϲ࣬󲿷˲Щʿͻ˻ڡ
ˣⷽءĿǰмصĻʿϣжħ˾ͷ߳˳ųԱʣµļͬҲ졣ֻУۺĲ߽׵鵤ǿĶɽٷõ
ÿһλ˵ͷлͻƽ뻯ڡͷͨҲֻɰգҲҪ컯ͷ˳ųԱҪͻƻڣǸܡ޷õ㹻ʣġ
Ȼʮǰǽ𵤺۷壬һֱͣɱϣûȥԪӤ磬Ϊ˻պʶĴλֻгΪϣͻƻھ硣
ΪĺôǾðΣգɱޡˣһԾϽ𵤰ףպΪΪ
˵˴ȴǿЦϽľӪǧ꣬ʵҲΪܳһλʿϣܳΪ˱񡣵ңԪӤھǼˡҶǳŵĳԱӵдʿʹãкܴϣܳڡ
Ҷ꣬˺һ
һֱΪλֻǴɹ֮Ȩ
û뵽ͷ˳ŵĵλͻھеĹ
ѹָɹλᣬļҡ
ֻݵĸ̾Ҳ޷Ȱο

Ҳ֪˶ã籩ʧ
ʿĶͨȥڵļڷĹâ׺ľĶ˻һʱͨῪʯųö
ڽʿϺգĿȫǵĵ죬޵ѪҺȾɺĺ棬ĬȻΣ£ϼǵķȥ


618 ׼ͻԪӤ
֮󣬽ȻҶصһʮ𵤺ʿϼǡ
Ȼ֮󣬱ظȡ˴ʯڽʿ֧ίķãһƷʯ
Ŀƾ޶Ǳϼٹòڽʿ˵ֻʱõһʱ꣬Ҳǳ㡣󣬽ȻųߵʮҴȥϼǵķֲǼɱ޵Ĺѫ
λʿһʷʯͣȥ
ҶضԽ𵤰İף̫ġ
ɱǰʮλǿҵ壬Իպħ˾ͷʮǣǰʮֻмɹĽʿʵȥᣬͨʿǰʮǲϣġȻܲƾɱ޵ĹѫһٵϽɱİףһֱ߾Ӱ׵̫껹ڼ°ףҶҲûκӰ졣
ЩʱգҶʱ䣬ϽܹԼһ޵Ҳൽˡ
գҶϽϼɵפأһɸ
вϽĵæµҶس֣鹧һλһһҶڽ𵤰ϽڽϽĿеĵλҲߡ
ڣ
Ҷس¥һλµӣʵ
ҶϣǰЩ⼸ûسǲһЩʣ׼Ъգ˿¥ϡ
µæ
ţ
Ҷص˵ͷ¥ϲȥڶڣܹ
ܹһϮۣվ¥ԣλãĽֵ˼ʲôһȻ¶Щƣ룬ĿɳɽΪԽԵþ
Ҷϣˣ
ĶɻͷҶأЦ

Ҷعʩ񣬼ŵ飬һܹʱ䷱أ¶⸱ƣ̬
Ҷϣһڳ嵽ɱĵʮһλ֮⡣ڽ𵤰ϣȼɹĵӣ޷ˣϽ֮λΪ
ܹһ֣Ҷ£ΪټЦ
Ҷڿ£Цδ˵ʲô
Ȼ˱֮λҪǿԪӤɱ񡣽𵤰ֻһССĲ丨ѣáԪӤ񽩳֣𵤰Ч
ѡֻʣСޣܿͻŵֻҪһڽ𵤰ǰλصʯ͸㡣Ѿ˴ʯɣ
ܹһĨָϵĴָгһߴİС
зϣ򿪣һȭͷСںɫʯѣ⻪תżϸ˿׵绡ڡɢżǿҵϵϢ
ʯȡɽɽڶױ޳û쳣ΪԪӤʿ֮ɽҵһʮһƷ׵ʯΪѵáɽĿʯԪӤʿ˼ãѾҵƷ׵ϵʯˡԪӤ֮󣬱ôʯϵɽճС潣󡣡
ܹ˵
Ҷϸ˿ʯ΢΢̾ȥװڰڵʯ˿ʯȻδƣʯǿҵ绡Ծܻ˽ʿ
ĵ˵ͷ֣봢С
Ҷպкδ㣿Ǽ𵤰ʵǰʮλӦû⡣ߣд㣿
ܹҲ£Цʵ
ҽ𵤰˲㣬ȥչ׼ԪӤɽ١ڽɱ񵥣˳ŵĳԱ𵤰ǰʮλպӰ첻󡣡
Ҷ룬ҡͷ˵
ҲãųԱҪ̫ĻϡᣬºܿҪǾΪԪӤʿϽҲһλǿԪӤϣǿʵ
ܹͬĵ˵ͷڴ̸һãҶرǣ˸¥
ڸ¥һ㣬ҶҪ뿪ȴݽ
Ҷ˳Ҳݵ
ݵһڽʿȴϼǣɱޣɱ񵥡񵥶Ҷص岢ʿɶֹֻҪ֤ԼʵͳϵĵλƥСǶλϽٹ˵ҪԶ׼ģԽԽáֱΪԪӤʿ֮ǰҲѪɱޡ
ҶشϼڵĴֱӷٺǡ

ٺǡ
ҶشӳڴķֵĿȥ˳Ծࡣ㳡Χֵ߶˵̯ڷĿĻʿǴ˽
ŽƤͼеϺòϡ˭Ҫ
˴չͽ߳ٺǾһɣ٣
ҶصЦ
ٺǵգϼȫͬ
԰ȫĺɳǣսѪǰߣȻ̲ǲ̫šϼһҪʱĴͻϮҪó׼
ٺǿԿͽʿѪǿĵͽʿʿڴ˳ǾӪãʿǡ
սԽԽңٺǲǰߵĽʿԪӤʿࡣ
սʣԴԴϵĴӶɳǣ۵ȻѪǰߡʿѪɱޣõĸֲϣҲٺÿյĽǼΪˡ
Ҷشʿ˳ӵĽֵصٺǵĸլ
ͥԺڣһӰڼƶֳһȫƵľ޴ɫꪣս졣ɫÿһλӶƻȴɫɷ⡣
ã죬¼׼ʪ͸һЦݵҶػ˫ĿһϲҶ磬ʲôʱİܹȥȴȻףɫһ죬Ҵһط¡
ҶȴЦЦ
ʱһò˫Ůӣլ˳һϮذѣȴǷ绪顣ǻʸҶػɾϲլڿ첽
ˣ
ţһˣ
Ҷ˵Ŀ
ʸǪȻ˫й⻪ЦЦ
δԣȴܰ

޶һ겻Сʤ»顣޶Ȼö˵Ҷش˴λٺǣҲٲÿճʸ֮⣬ǳ֮С
ΪѾӽھŲ㡣
ʵʿ˽𵤾Ų㣬ͿԳԪӤ磬ɴ١
Ϊʿһ㶼𵤾Ų۷壬ſʼƿɴ١ھ󲿷ֽ𵤺ʿ˵ֻһλԪӤ϶ѡаյʱȥԪӤ硣
һʧܣδܳԪӤƿôͨûеڶλᡣϾͨ𵤺ʿܽҵõһöԪӤѾǼ컯иԪӤԷá
ɹԪӤƿȴûܵס޴׽٣ô׽֮£ҷ
һʮ⡣
Ҷ˵ԪӤ̫⡣
ֻ˽𵤾Ų㣬ԿʼԪӤƿûҪ໨һʮ꣬ȥ𵤾Ų۷塣ȻˣΪ˶ɴ٣Ҫܶ׼ɽõķ⵽ʱӦԲ㡣
ʸչҪҶؿһЩҶشﵽ𵤰˲ʱ򣬱Ѿǽ𵤾Ų㣬ֻΪһֱûдæȥԪӤƿ


619 ɽ
ҶػصͻʸѾ𵤾Ų㣬ﵽ˳ԪӤƿʼȫ׼
ǰЩ꣬ҶغͻʸǰѪǱʵʱѾѡ˲ٶɽõķȣΪ١ޡսһϵеıʣɽ֮ҲδܽС
˴λҶٲ׼һƵ׼
һЩᵤչĺܿ죬ͬڰ׸ǿ˼Сĵҩ̣ѵ̿ٺ̻۵ĵطˡ
һٺǣʸ൤ڵĸҪĽչΪеҶأһЩҶڳǰίռҩӹ
Ҷѯ൤״ûʲôԽ鷳
Ҷʦ֣൤ĹģȻСȴѾвС˷սӽɱһ·ʮһﶫɽ磬׸ǵʿ˲֪һʿǡ൤ʿֻҪ䣬ɹӣû˻൤鷳
һҡͷװҩֵĴɫΪ壬żĽ̶̵ļʮ깦ڶɽܹⲻһʿġ
൤ķǱҶءʸһ壬˿ⷻҶػǱûʲô൤ڵʿҶصɹˡǸϽϵɹЩ棬൤Щɹã˳
ҶȻ⣬Цһ£ӹ鿴ҩӡ
ɴԪӤڶศ鵤Ѿ׼á
ϡеӣʵ塰츳ʥһҩӡ⼸궫ܣ˲ٹȥѰЩҩ֣һЩϿҩռȫʮֲס
⼸ҶسѪɫ֮ûǰڸ߽ʿ׶ͣѾã˸߽ʿ۷塣󲿷ʱֻ޷
ܾƳ츳ʥʵΪʿνġʥʿ׶ΣҲķʱ䡣
ռЩҩ츳ʥҩѾˡ
ԪòϣɣҲⷬĽͣҶһ£ӴȡԼǰѪɫ֮նɱаּȡĶԪһ󴸷һ򱦡
ЩЩǮƣڹ鵤ϣ᲻ûǮϺõԪڻһЩ۵ĸ߽׷һ˶Ԫʡ۴ʵĿлʦ֣
򱦿ɲ˿ֽӹԪʱϲԽ
ʦЩʱҪԪӤƿΪɹİӦó߳ɡڶ൤Ҳ֪ص൤ͬλµʦֵܣ൤ˣһЩ׼ɹѡַиľɰ֮࣬׵ʱִ١
Ҷ룬˵
ʦҪԽɹˣ
ϲõ¶ɫʱʦַģһȥٰ֮¡൤һ൤ʿҲͲ޸ĸƼ˵ȴ£Ļ᲻ľʦҪ·Ըǣذ׸ˡ
ãȥɣ
ҶЦ
ȥ֮ҶŸתصլͥԺ
Ҷسоһײ츳ʥĵ䷽ЩֲڣԶȲ컯Ǳʵ
ǻ˵ʥͬΪҩĸ߽ҩҲʥҩЧ֪⸱䷽Ҫ޷ðͻʥʿҲûʲô
Ҷؾһԡ
գʸͰͥԺдս
Щѧսȱٶʵսֻܻʸϰս
ٻӰͥԺĶСռڣٷӣ˫ɫꪱٵײ
ʸսѾǽ𵤺ڼˮ׼ı˫Ŀֲƿ˲ɱΪ£ҶҲȡʤ
ѧս֮ս졣
ͥԺռСʸıɽʩչδʩչƿֻܷӳʵȫ֮£Ҳܺͻʸ൱
ҶһԵЦţδš
дʱʸľ˲ͣЪϢطȥˡ
ʸҶƺлҪ˵ҶһͥԺһСͤ¡
ƺȥˣ
Ҷʵ
ţ⼸껹ڷѪ鵤Ѿ˶ƿͣͲǰֻսϣ취ȥʸ˵ͷ˵츳ʥƳ𣿡
Сͨʦڵûжѵҵ鵤츳ʥƷףǱʵԪӤǰʣºüöӣÿϣ׼üʱ䣬Ƴ츳ʥʱñˡ
ҶЦ
Ҳã
ʸȻ֧֣Ůݸңһֱÿ
ˣʲôʱܳԪӤ
ѾɰգڿԳԪӤأ
ҲȳԪӤ硣ҲҪȳΪʥʿǳɹ֮ٳԪӤ⡣⣬ڱҪȥѡһɽ֮أһá
Ҷص˵
֮ţȻĿǡ
ɴٵķգҪȻʸΪϸĴڣܷһЩ벻顣⣬ǰͻƿʱ㷢
ԣûʸʵﵽԪӤڣټϻдս㹻ǿʵܰĶɴ١

ʱˮһΰȥ
ٺ⣬ǧԶһ﷽Բ졣
˵ɽչϪٲߴɣηҲİɣվġϡҲûʿῴд˵
ĵ죬ڶѰɼ
ǰҶرѡ˴˵вã׼Լͱɴá
ʸڵ忪һչأԪӤƿ嶴Ѿ¸޴ķɽ󡢻׼ӭ١
Ҷڸʮһη壬һʱ䣬ڽΪʸ̫˲Уᱻ׽ٵ̫ԶˣҲ㻤ʮԽ𵤺ʿ˵Ǻִ֮ܵľ롣
ڰҲڵһڣչأ츳ʥȫʥʿ
ʸһչأǽµʱ䡣
ҶҪΪǶ˻ʱܱչҲȥչЩ£ֻ徻Ķϥ鿴Լڵĸɫʱ䡣
ƴİĺƬʱ˶٣ȡ˳
顶ڤ󷨡ƬУ͸ɭ֮⡣
ҶĽ𵤾ŲΪɸе̹ǵ֮⡣
һ飬ӻϹűлãʮԪӤĹڹţܸܲ뵽кüǣҲ
һ飬ӹſҵģ¼ǹϵڤ󷨡ƪƪֻвһǧ֣ȴܴͽ׵顢꣬ڹޡ
˹޹ˣƴ˹ǹ޵һ󷨣׹ϵǳԵɽĹȻͬ
ҶȴЦԷǡ
޼٣ڹ޸ϡųƵһҲûʲô˻ȥͷ
Ҷ£ϸϵ󷨡뿴⻯ڴ󷨣Ƿʲôн֮
ʱʱüвٵɻ
޹ȷʵͶʿͳ̫
ͳɹ鵤̱Ԫѭ򽥽긴һǿԪԪ
⡶ڤ󷨡֮Ȼǿ޵ԪѸ׳ԪֹҪǳͳɵ伮ڣа޹ҪɽΧˡ
Ĺڹ壬ȴͳ
ͻȻѪϣǺоƵ顢꣬Ѫǣۼġһʼ״;ڿˡڤ󷨡ͻȻЩе
Ҷظеһɭ
ĪǣǻڵϽЩͽԪĹǷڤ󷨡ʲô
Ҷ޷֤ʵ롣
ͻȻҶزʲôüͷһ顶ڤ󷨡ƬӶͽ˳ȥ
̧ͷȥա
䣡
ƹѹѹһƬ۶ɢʱף
Χĺ棬ӿ졣
ʵϣѾۼ˽£һֱû¡ֻǽգƹԽ궯ҲʱµĿܡ
׽ӦÿˣѾ˳ԪӤĹؼʱ򣡲֪һأܹܲȥ
Ҷر˫֣վڶǰ
Ȼ߰˷ְգкüöԪӤ֣ʧܵĿܡ˵ûκεǣˡǴ˴ʧܣǱӺ꣬ٶȶɽ١
ȻǣҶиףһǱȥ
ͱֻ˫˫ΪԪӤʿӵгǧԪɽߵĸԶ



620 ԪӤʥʿ
¡¡
īգ﷽ԲĺƲѹ£Ƶĺؼ䴫壬ҫĿĽɫɫâǸֻ󷨡󣬱ǿϢʱ׼١
Ҷվ岻ԶһСɽͷӭżĺ磬ԣ̧ͷգ˫
ԣǳʵſڵϣеǣûҶ֮дǿϢܵĸеη壬ԸҶסⶫɽ磬㾪ģҲֻ׽ˣĿǡǵ˼׽٣Ѿҷ
ҶһϮɽͷ궯Ľơ
ƾۼʱû£нɢȥļ
Ҷвɽק˫֣ʲôʲôҲˣΪȫ˸޴
ֹ˺һڽƼɢȥ֮ʱͻȻٴηƹۼ
Ҷؼ״һ
ҶصȻ֪ⷬζʲô
ƣӦʿԪһнʿڵԪͻƣ춯׽١
Ԫδͻƣ׽Ȼɢʱʿͣڽ𵤡һʿԪȡͻƣ׽ٱѸٻֻҪ׽֮²ȵԪӤʿˡ
ƾۼȴɢζűһγԪӤƿδͻơƼɢ֮ʣܿٴξۼ϶ǱٴηԪӤγԪӤƿ
꣡
ͻȻһҫĿ磬˲Ϣ˺գ׵ػ׺ݵĳ嶴׳ɣһСɽ壬Ҳ˲Ϊƽء
쬡쬡
壬ɽɲǼ䱻ٵ߽׷ɽɵĽ󣬻Ϊĺâ𣬻ס
ͻԪӤˣ
Ҷص¶ϲ֮ɫ

ɽ壬һ
Ҳǿͻ
ʿĲԪԼǡǿᣬԽǿ
Ϊƶɵ츳ʥ죬ɹڣƺΪʹ࣬ǿҩϴǡһɱըԵÿһ
˺ѿᶼѪΡųѪɫѪ䡣ѪޱȰԵؼ޴ڵҲƿ޷ֺ
Ӹ߽ʿʥʿûκξѭ
Ҷ磬һΪʥʿʱʵ׷Ҷˣ
ʹļҪʹȥҧűݣнһִ
Ǻһϰһ峤һнʿ츳ѣҰҶأҶǰһ·Ҷضɺʱļ𺳡
Щ꣬ʼûһĻ
Ҷ磬һͦȥ

ٺһսæڸʿҲǰࡣ
ЩԪӤǡ𵤺ʿȥѪսսٻͣһڶΪе͵Ľ𵤳ʿʿȥѪֻٺǸæɱһЩеͽ׵ĺޣЩʯ
գƹѰƣɢˣһֱͣڵϿա˲ټԦɽ·ͽʿǵע⡣
쿴Īǽƣ
Ʋ㸲ǷԲϰӦǴٵĽƣн𵤾Ųʿڵ׼ɴ٣
нʿӤɹΪ½ԪӤ棬ǰȥأҲָͷ֮࣬˵һЩֵǮĲƻ
λ֣߹ȥƣ
Щ·ĵͽʿǵ״̸ţ׷׽飬Ⱥ˹ȥ
ǻûܿ죬ͻȻϷɳһ֧С׵Ľʿסڵͽʿȥ·
ڴ˹ɣ˵ѾΪλȥҪ֮ڣ
Ϊ׵Сӳ𽣣ʿȵ
˵ִӣ
ڵͽʿһСӵĽʿͣ£ӣ¶ԥη֮ɫ
֧Сϵıʶǳԣ˵ִӣֱ˳ŵĹϽֻҪǲμӽɱʿᾭ˳Ŵ򽻵Щִӡ
˵ĳǲܵġ
ȻЩϺٹ¶棬ǳŵȨκһλħ˾ͷ֮¡
ĳһλܵͷĵȥңõ⵽ؽ׷ǵ˳ŵˣءϳԱ֦ͬһ˵ڵšִܹ㶼޴㡣
ִڴˣ϶ĳλ򣡡
֪λϵĺᣬڴ˵ضɽ٣
ڵͽʿ˳ִڴ˵커ͣμ죬۲²šǻǲ뿪ֻǵϵʿɽٳɹܸһЩĺôң𵤺ʿɴ٣ڶѵһÿҲ١ǽ𵤳ڡڵĵͽʿۿʿɽ٣òҲǻ࣬ߡ
ִӵĶӳʿ죬Űͷ죬ͬơ
ٺǹɣǰһλ˳ʱִһ˻ڶʿ֪Ҫãɡ

ӤҪӤˣ
쿴ȥˣ
ڵ֮⺣Χ۵ʿͻȻС
֪ʱϷͻ䣬׽ӣΧƵγһӴ
꣡
һ˶ɵ磬ɲǼʮ﷽Բīգ塣ķɽӭ
䡪
裬ɽݺύϼ죬
ڵͽʿķ׷׺ˣĺޱȡЩʿվڰ֮⣬׵Ĳסˣȴ֪ɽٵʿҪжǿʵܵס
ͻԪӤڵĴ٣Ȼǿޱȡ
񱩵Ĵףоŵ֮ࡣ
ÿһСͨ׷Ҫǿ࣬ȻԪӤʿҲӲ¡ֻпɫ󡢽󣬴ĸ߽׷ȥ׵㹻͵ĳ̶ȡ
ɴٲǹ⿿ʿԼΪУǼĲ֮١ûвȥ÷٣Ǵ
κһλ𵤺ʿҪɴ٣ҵҪͬӡѡͬʦֵܽծȥöĶɽٷɹˣһԾΪԪӤ棬ծ׾ٵ顣ʧˣ³ض˵Ѫ޹鷭Ϊ
Щڹʿǿʮ

ϣŵɽصĴףĿ죬ȥҲ죬ѵƽ˴롣
ŵףһһķɽȴԽԽǿ
ɫɽǷɽһ׵ֵס
īɢȥ⡣
Ϸƽ˾ƺʲôҲû
ڣһ쳣ǿѹϢȴַԲڵΧڵͽʿη壬Զȴҹȥ
Ҷظܵǿѹһ׳ɽ嶴ȥ
ʸһϮѩɫֿѾı˫ӶȻһЩѪͳ˫ʣȴѾǰڽȻͬɢԪӤʿеǿѹ

Ҷؿ첽ǰձЩ֣Դ԰׵ɫЩʵ
޷ҸոսԪӤף׸Ƶ˼ھѪԪЩֻҪЪϢձָֻܻǣķĻٸ߽׷ȫ¡˫أЩϧ
ʸҡҡͷϧ
±ãЩƻȴ޹ؽҪ˫ͷһˡ
ҶΪο
ˣأ𣿡
ʸҶû
ڱչأûأҲ֪Ҫ೤ʱչسʥʿ⼸գÿʶ̽չصĶܱһ̺Ѫƿ޷̽鵽һ˿һѪ֮ʢȻӦû£ŬءȫҲ޴ٵȵȰɣʮڣӦܳء
Ҷҡͷ˵
ʸ¶֮ɫ
Ҷأʿγأһֻ֪Ҫźá
һ£
ʸͻȻüһ΢ʶչصɽ嶴ɨ˹ȥ̽
ʶԭ㾭رҪҶǿʱΪԪӤʿʶǣһ±Ҷǿʮࡣ
ʸһ֮̽£ΪȡʶѪ谭ѪֻһģĽСŮӰһ뵵Ѫɫ⣬쳣ѪɫⲻϿתϴͽ衣
ʸȻҲô¡
ʿ޵ԪԪǿһ̶ȣԳڣأѪ̫ǿʿ޵ѪԵüΪҪѪǿܹһ¡
ͻȻѪɫⲻߣʼڽ֮УΧɢѪҲϣѸڣѿļҲѸٺ£ۼû°֣ѩ͸żֺµ㡣
ִۣһԼûʲô仯ֻ˼࣬ԼɫꪣоƮƮļٱ˽ʮϣѽҶ绹ţ֪˶ãûУͻȻЩҴҴӶڳ
ͳˣûκνѣ
ʥʿˣ
棬ҶغͻʸվſڣȵĿųصİ


621 أӼ
Ҷ֪ӦǳɹˣЩ棬оΣڱչصĹ֮У츳ʥ֮Ƿκβ֮
Ҷ磬صʱЩգһǿҪһӲŹˡҲûʲô֮ھûòǰֹʮǰЩؼʩչڿʩչ
󣬾Ѫʢ֮ǰԽýԱǰҪǿࡣһɫꪣʮ˷ܵ
ͺãϾʱдд裬˶ʵ峤˵ʥʿʵܺԪӤʿƥУֻһֱûʥʿԵһڳһλʥʿҪʶʶж
Ҷ꣬Ц
ҪϲˣΪһʥʿ
ʸתһЦ
ʸһ̬ƣǰͬܵŻʸ֣ЦҲҪϲ㣬ڳԪӤʿʵǣɱҶ绹ˣ
˵ŻȴһɽâԶٷһ׵Ľʿ
ҶתͷһȴڵΧػִӵСӳ
Ҷϣв;˵صʿۼԶ񣬼ɽٳɹ˵ҪҶϡҶЩϲʣ²֪δ볤ʾ
ǰʩ˵
Ŷ𣡡
ҶزɳԶȥ
ʱսɢȥơԶۼȺԼһ֮ڣ඼ںͽ𵤳ڵĵͽʿֻǱִʿţܹ
ҷ˶ɽٳΪԪӤʿͷȴϲ֮¡ȻڵǰϲӦɢЩϲʣ
Ҷسһ£óһʯȫƷʯ͵ϲʣɢλĵѱˣǹˡڵÿʮ鵽ʮ飬ڵÿһ飬ɢΪֹУִλҲˣÿʮɡ
лϣȥɢϲʣ
¶ϲɫΪִӳԱǴȡٺ»ģʯִʹ͡Ҫת뿪ͻȻʲôͷʵˣҶϣȻѾɶɽ٣ҵǷնӷٺǣ
׼ڴ˵ضɽ٣Ҳһ֮ڣҪλڵ츽Ѳӣųţ
Ҷص
Ϸģµȶľ϶ɽٲܸţ
һ£öʣִҴȥ
һԶһȺͽʿʯ㻶ʿ˵ƷʯһʲƵĲƸʿܵʮƷʯͬϲ
ȻԪӤʿУЩʯѾԵ΢ɱͷˡŽ׵ޱ
ΪԪӤʿͷȴϲ֮£Ӧùѣͬʿ£ø֪ǡֻڻ޷ȥʿɢһЩϲʣЩڼˣ
ҶŻʸ֣ЩǸ˵
޷ȷҲΪԪӤʿɴٳɹ֮һذ׸ǣλʦֵҲ١Ȳ˵Щ׼ԪӤɣ
ʸҡͷЦ
Ҷص˵ͷͻʸʰ⵽׺ĵ죬׼켸ڱչضɽ١
ϣܿƽ˾
ٺǧ֮ϣнʿɴٳΪԪӤʿĹעʹ̽£½ԪӤʿ
ǣѪսݱԪӤʿæɱʿǿĿⶼ۽ǰߣԪӤɱλ˵Ϻʿɽ١
ڽʿҲҹԪӤʿ顣
ҶжʮöԪӤڶڱأԪӤƿ
ʸԼԪӤʿʿޣڵΪҶس䵱ĶɽٻݣƸţҲ
˳ŵִ֧СӣڵΧ䡣֧СӵʵǿòֻǱеͽʿ󴳵졣

ҶԼĶ⣬չºľʹ߰ɽ㿪ʼչأԪӤƿ
Ϊǽ𵤾ŲĳڣھŲ۷ΪһЩ˵ΪԼﵽ˳ԪӤƿҪ󣬵ѵĳʱ
Ҷز˷һʮʱ䣬ͣڽ𵤾Ų㣬ѡǿгء
ҶϥӴȡһƿ򿪣һ˱Ƕһ㣬ȡһöԴųʵԪӤ
һöԪӤټϼζҩɰճԪӤƿ׼ʮöԪӤôҲһԪӤ磡Ҫǳ岻ȥҲֻϵùˡ
ҶسĬһһöԪӤ븹ڣ˹ԪӤĸڵΪĿʼ
һգաʮ֮ԪӤҩ׻
ԪӤҩεǿһҩҶھ֮л۴ӣϳˢϴǣҩлõɱǿ
ӴҩѨʱһ㣬ӿϸڣΪһ˿˿ޱȵԪ

ҳ޾գϸڡ
ƵԪͬâҫһƬ
𵤣һöѴСҺ̬⻪ڸԪϣΧռĴԪһöԪӤԪ֮Һ̬⻪ñԲɢӨӨ⣬⻪ĿԽԽ
öѵĽ𵤣ȻԲƫƫȴһС顣
ʱҶӵĻᷢǽ𵤴ﵽԲɵס
ԪȱƪƪƣԪڣȱҲڽܴﵽ߾硣
ֻҶش˿ʶһƬ徻ޣȻңﻹȥܽǷԲɣǷȱѾ޾磬緢һж˳Ȼķ
֮Уجج֪˶á
ҶسԪӤƿ֮ʱ
ϸڣ޾֮Уɫ׾ۼһ𣬻Ϊǧâգꡱƺޱȣ˲֪ľɫγһǧɵӴС
ɻУɫ׽һϸһµĸ

Ҷһչرһ꣬ڼûκ״֣ЩʸϡڣͰڵϣƽżд跨սҲԵġ
һգ췽ԲĽͻȻҶرչصɽӿȥ
󵺾ضɽҡ
ʯɽѣȻ䣬һľڵɽʯڣһɡʮɴĸɫ󣬺շʯһ㳯ȥ
ãǧʯһǧɵľͽɫʯӼΡȻڵɽɽϣΪ졣
ͬʱգƹϯһʱ𣬾졣
ϵĻʸͰ𾪡
Χ˵һִ֧Сӣһ꣬Σȴȥڵ츽вɱ޵ĵͽʿʿǿ⾪˵һĻʱĿɿڴ֪롣ڶɽ磬δŵۡ


622 ҶԪӤ
ڵ캣渽ɱ޵ڶ𵤳ڡڵͽʿԼάִӵʿԶԶļɽʯѣһ͵ĽӼŵĲᡣ
ԭڴ˵ɱһЩͽ׺ޣ˳뿴𵤺ʿԪӤɴ٣ȴû뵽ῴһĻޱȵľ
˵ʿڵ׼ӤôһӼһֳɫʿɫ԰ףųΧʿʵλѣλǰ⡫⾿ôһ£
ʿӤ޻Ӽ
Զһλ𵤳ڵĻ߷ںϣŵ죬Ϸ֪ɱʱ򣬲ŻֻӼǵϵޣɱ֮ǰ˿ΪӼӼ֮ΪϴӼ˾޴󣬿ǾŽϵޣⱾ£
ŽޣһӼǱǻޣ԰ȫɱǰǺã
ʿ
ؾţǾŽڴ˵ؽӼ׼Σһʱ֮䣬ҲӼǻɫȵңϷлɻ󣬾ǵҲ³ɫӼӼΪ죬λ˭֪ʲôڻ֮ʱɫӼģ
⡭δŹ
λҪҲ²⣬˳ŵҶҪڴ˵ϽӤɴ١ϻһλԪӤʿҶϵһͷһʿΪҶϻʲô޳ڵϣҽСǵԴ
СӳĿݺݵɨںҲ²ʿȵ
ʿԴǵΪߵҲǽ𵤳ڶѣҵ˵ִӣ̲ԡ
յѹԽԽ£ʿڵ츽⵽𲨼׷Զȥ

죬ľͽӼ֮⣬ֻлʸˣſڵϵĸڡ
㣬Ӽô£
ϵĽӼޱȡ
ػңڽ֮ʱҲ״ǴʯӼӼҪСࡣ
ʸҡҡͷɱ򶨡
ʵҪ˵ҶرˣҲͲеԵɡҲûŪףΪʲôÿһΪȡͻƶữӼ

Ӽȫܷ⣬ŨĽҶطԪӤϥӼڣɫ꣬Ƴ΢ɲ飬̥Ϣ״̬ʱţȻ
ϸڣԪ񱮣һöӲӵĽ𵤣ΧƯâ
䡪
鵤Ӥ
öԲɵĽϸƮŵĴԪͻȻʼ̮ȻըѣϼţȻΣƽΪһ̬۵ӤΩΩФҶؼΪƣڱԪ϶
һɲǣǳ˯Ӥ˹ԼԪǡ
ҪǣΪĸԪܹܹ׵Ĳٿǡ
Ҷһδ̰ΧԪϸĸŲٿ
ڽڵʱԪֻܷ֮ҲڵķٿʱĵģԼķһľ޷ʩչԦɽ
˿̳ΪԪӤϲķ֣ԼɵĿΪáһܴǿʵ

ҶصԪ鵤Ӥ֮ʱϸҲ˷츲صı仯
ϸ޾ա
ϸѾ죬ֱľ𸮡˿ɫ׵ɢȥһոµĸ֡Ҷϸڣ໥ǣƮ֮С
Ҷؿ³ֵĸȻԤϣɴϲ
ԪӤһ˲ɳµĵϡ
µĸ룬ͬһԼһɿ߹ϵʯϱ鲼ϸƣķġ˱ڸγ֮ʱȻȻһ壬ʯһĹȦΧš
Ԫ񱮣𸮡ԪŰٰʮһԪ
ҶصĿԪһɨһױ֮⡣
ԪӤʿԪǧֻ꣬һԵĸ嵽ÿһλʿԪǲһġʿԼ޷֪Լ׼ȷԪ
ҶȴʯϿĺԪǧʮꡣ
ѾȥһٶԪʣ°˰ٶԪ֪ܲͻƻڣ
Ҷг
ٶȷǳ죬һٶΪԪӤʿڶٶȿԳƵϾסֻ츳޵ʿ˶̵ʱڳΪԪӤʿ
ǣⲢܴʲô츳޵ʿڶҲ٣δΪʿ
ԪӤ֮ǰһ·ǰ·ѭֻҪͰСɹ鵤䷽һжֳɵģ̸
ǣԪӤ֮һпʼü
ԪӤûУֻнƪδҵԪӤƪ
ԪӤ鵤䷽ڶͬٵĿΪȱԪӤϵ鵤󲿷ԪӤʿٶȶֻý𵤼鵤ٶԱϡ
Լʦƽ鵤Իá
Ҫǣ֪βͻƻھ磬ͷۡ

ҶصԪӤвԪָ״̬ʶϸڳһƬоʮֱơ
ͻƿľ飬֪ԼӼ档ʱҲ룬һſڣڴнԪɽ˳ȥ
ϸСɫɽâХ佣ǣĽӼϡ
䣬ꡪ
Ӽܲ͸ҿǣһѷ졣
ɫ⻪й˳ȥ
գѹѹһֱҲ㣬ٳδסʱӼѷ죬һִɵףֱֱĺ䡱𣬺ڽӼϡ
Ӽ֮ӲףŽʵޱȵĽӼըѿһѷ졣
쬣
һɫӰӽӼѷ⻪Ŀķɽ߽ԪɴнӲһǺס
ԪӤǰһԵޱȵĽףԽҶش򷭣
Ǵ˿̵ҶѾԪӤΪֻԪǿ࣬ȴֻƺһ׵ķ飬ӲѹһѪ
Ҷ˫ĿâΡȻ
ĸܵΧﷶΧһоԼƿ֮СһȷΧʩչн㷢ӳǿĹһԴԴһСͨҲ١
̧ͷտʼĽƣɵЦ
ŵףѾȥĵʣ¼ԽԽκβңϻлʸڣֵֵʣµļס
Ҷص֮ʱϣʸҶشӽӼӼϲӤɹڳˣʸԦ˫˲գҶ׽١Ϊʵ׽ٲڻ¡
һֱûжĻȻĺڵۿףͺһſ³ĺʬʬһɵĺɫ⣬µһ׺ȥӲһףʬʱЩήҲĿǣҪʬܽһ׸
һ񱩵׽ٹɢȥա


623 
Ҷص٣ڵʸ˹ȥ
ʸı۰ڻУնʱ죬Цһȴǻϲ֮ɫ
޶һһΪԪӤʿڶɽҲǲҪǣΪպ˫޷ǳ洦֮ϣͬʱھ硣
Ѿ٣ȥ
ʸסҶҶ֣Ŀ߳
Ȼذ׸ǰɣҶΪԪӤʿӦλͬʦֵ֪ͬһ⣬ѾʸԽ൤ҲҪȥһ¡
ҶЦ
Զȥɿ֡
ɢȥֻʮʿڴŵӣͼ죬Ǳִʿš
ҶԶԶִʿŷС
ȣݼ棡
ҶϽԪӤ
Щڽɱλеʮһλʵףҵ岻ѣ˳ɽٳΪԪӤ棬պضΪָĴʿ
ڵͽʿɽ֮Ц׷׹أֺðͽ֮⣬ǹϡ
Ҷص˳ݲδܵ˳ŵִӣڳʿȻ֪ݡټϣҶҲûλСӳ֪Ҷصϣʿ֪ܿҶص
ȽɢȥǱҴҸϣܼһ棬ûлԵֵ½ԪӤĻϲ
ǽܵ滶ģһʹͣõЯΪڵȵȣ˵ܼȮ죬ʡȴԼʮĿޡ
λѻԵɺϣڴ˵ؼ֤ҶɽٳΪԪӤʿҶɽϰףҪɢЩϲʾͬشϲ
ҶصЦһһƷʯӳɢλͬɣǰϴεĿַʣģǷ˰ɣ
ǣ
ӹæ
Сλʿ⼸⵺츽ȷʵǿޱȡڶ̶̵ڣȺ֤λ𵤺ʿڵ϶ɽٳΪԪӤʿľòպɽٴ洦ҵ˲ʯôҲԹԡ
л棡
ڵͽʿϲ׷׳л
ӳ⼸ˡѾ˳ɽ٣˷Ҫضȥӻٺ˴Ϊһδ⣬˹ͲС˹ǵĹѫϡ
Ҷ˵
лϣµٺǣ
ԴϲǣɢϲʣٺǷȥ
ڵͽʿһʯҶ˼źķ׷ɢȥ
߰ɣذ׸ǣ
Ҷ˸ϻڵϵİԦϣͻʸһǰ׸ǡ
쬣
ϻΪһǧڹ⣬֮䣬ʧں档
ٺǵĴ󣬻صİ׸ǡ

׸ǡ
ҶغͻʸŮڽֵϡ
΢΢̾ΪԪӤʿ֮һѾȻͬݵλҡֱϡ·ϣڽʿʿ׷֮ԶײǰǸ޷ġ
˴൤ǰ
൤ſŵ൤ʿҶغͻʸ˳ſʱԳһ
Ҷʦ壬ʸʦ壬ԪӤʿˣ
һλͷʿϳҶءʸˣʧæһʿ죬ȥ֪ͨ¡µˣԼλʦ塢ʦӭҶʦʸʦλʦݣ
ʿæ൤
ʿˣʣµʿҶءʸӭȥЦ˵ֺãλʦλʦԪӤ𶫺ɽ磡
š
ʸ׵˵ͷϵʿ
ǰһ𶫶൤ʮʿ֮һǴչֱڻΪ൤ҲĬĬŵˣŻ
ɨһˣȴֲϵİʿ
飬൤ڶǳδɹµӡ⼸ô£Ϊδ൤ŵķΣ
ʸɻʵ
ʸʦȥ汾ʦ塢ʦ൤ŶʦδüټǣԲϵã
æ
ʱҶʦʸʦֻʱҵȻǵͽʿΪΪǳ൤ŵڶ࣬λ治ǵҲʵѰ
ǶʿҲæ˵
ȥģǸλʦģҵϢ
ʸȻͷȻһȴǽ
ʱһȺ൤ʿ൤ԺڴҴӭ˳

Ⱥӵ֮еģһλڷ룬üĿϵʿٲȻһλŴɵ죬Ц߳ǰѳ൤ϰĴϻʸ
Ȼ½ɽһɣһɹʵҲȲϣϻеġ
ʿԱһλòˣʲλǻʸԭ˳
Χʮ൤ŽʿȻⵤԬơ밲һʿ򱦡Щ֮󣬽ɽ𵤵һʿ
ģڶ൤ʿ൤һӿ˳
ˣ
ʸʿϤޱȵݣһס⼸ӯ
סᣬֳ΢΢ʩ񣬡
ЦͷӦС
ʸΪ׵飬ͳЩ٣Ѿǰĳ£ʱѾȥǺޣͳҲ̸ʲô顣
Ҷ֪ЩδΣæǰһʩ񣬡ˣĸˣ
ŷҺͶһ൤ŵӸϸʸЦݣǺЦ˶ҵ൤ʦܿе֪Ƕѻ飬˽ʿϢǷǳˡֻû뵽棬ѾԪӤʿϲѶ൤ڶһ³λԪӤʿ൤ο
Ҷʦ
ػʸʦ
൤ŵĽʿڵϲüֱ羴һͿǵд󲿷˵ԪӤѾǸ߲ʾ磬൤ųλԪӤʿԴġ
ſ˵ȥɣ
ʸҶءʸˣͳȻ򱦵ڽʿԼȺʿ൤ڡ໰Ҫ˵ضᡣ
գ൤Ъҵʿȫ׼֮¡
£ͬˣʿˣ൤Ĺ˿ͣɽʿһЩ׸ǵĴɹ
ҶϽ峤ϣ֪顣
Ϊ˳ųԱϢҲ˿ǰΪʿΪԼİȫҪΣԪӤʿҲκι˼ɡ
׸ǵڶɹҲ˳ӣ첻죬׷ǰء
Ͻ׸﹬۱ȵɹ׷˳ǰͼҲٹЯǰء
֮£Ҷȥ洦ֻҪԳӴһɹЩԪӤʿС


624 Сͨ
൤̫СռؽʮĶѾ޷̫൤Žʿڵӡ
ң൤λԪӤʿխĸָԵòˡŴ֮ʱˡ򱦵൤ڰ׸ѡһʮ֮أɹɫʯľľ޽ɹ
׸ھɽڶ࣬ԸصľҲȱʽǷ൤ŵɹɡ
ɹ飬ѾҶغͻʸļƻ֮У֮ǰԸ׼һɡлʸʿڴˣðɹߣʮ硣
һʮĺΰɹֻһ±Ѹɡ
ҶغͻʸԪӤ䣬൤С
ͬʱ죬·ɵѸϼʱʸʽ൤Ϊ൤ι
൤˱ϵʱ˱ɹϽ
ϽѾҶضɽٵ⼸꣬Ϊ˱ɹŹͷϱλʱҶڳضɽ٣ԲδûԲ¡

һգҶæ൤£˿УϽٹݣ൤Ĳӭɸϡٸ̨ǰֱ£ҶشӴȡһ«Сյֱϡ
Ƶƣֳ
ҶػЦ
ҲְֳյƷһڱڵ𣬻ζһ£Ŀ¶֮ɫ޵˾ƣŨ飬ʴʺʿãӦڰٻһƷ֡СΪϽٹƷٶҵİٻ𣬵Ҷִ˾ƵİһҶƣƾôɵģ
ϵľ֮ɫԶԶе𺳡
ɽ𣬿ɲ׷ľȸġΨһ;ٻָʿĵķڸʴȵȶǸζѣûʲôʵʵá
ݶԸ˽ֻ࣬Ʒһ£˾̺жôǿ
ֻôһС𣬱ָ̼ȫķҪ֪ǽ𵤺۷ʿ̺ôµ
ʿϸƷⷨľ޷°ôһ«ƣ޼ɵķѹƻܶ֡ľ֮ʱʱ
һ뵽᲻úˡ
˼Ȱٻ࣬Ϊǧ˾Űپʮ߽׵ʮ֮ҩҶǧҩ俪֮ʣȡ仨֮꣬Ȫ֮ˮĳɡҲֻôһС«ǰոɣɣһͬ
ҶЦЦ˵ıյϡƣʵԪӤǱʵĹУɵҩ꣬ƳģĻꡣƵƷ֮ߣɽҲҲ
úķѶľŪ˶ҩĻƣҶǺ£
ݿЦ
ڣҲû׷ȥ
ҶأɲΪơ
ѪҶһδû뵽ټҶѾӽʿһԾΪԪӤʿչСĪϧҶֲ϶໨ʱڽɱϣǰλ֮Ҳϣ
Щϧ
ɱ˵ҪطҪǰʮҶҡҡͷʵ㣬Ѿǽ𵤺۷壬ڽɱҲ߾ǰʮλ֪ʲô㣬ʲôʱԪӤ磿
ʮΪϽһɫĵϵ𵤵ӣӵϽ˱ɹӴԴΪԪӤʿǰ϶飬ֻʱѡ
ֵƣδΪԼԪӤʿ
С𵤰ʮλҲȫǽҡɱǰʮ֮УһλڱչسԪӤǰ˳˰񵥣СܲŽҽǰʮΪǰʮλ⼸ķѪҲٵˣæһӣʽչسԪӤ
Գһ䡣
ΪѾǽ۷壬⼸Ҳ㹻ҲóԪӤˣ
Ҷص
ˣѾԽ൤֪Ҷкδ㡭
ݳһ£ԥſڵǵģҶػ뿪Ͻ
ȻϽ峤ϣ赣ǣҶЦҷԽ൤ҪΪ˰ٺڶڶ൤ͬʦֵܣˣҲȥɹ
ͺãϽȻѾ˱ɹǾ滹ȶвɹزҶΪ˿䳤ϣԸϽɹϣϽȶ棬Ǵ洦ġۼ˱ϵԪӤʿ֮ѪһɳǡίСܣǰȥѪЭ޽ɳǡ֪ҶֽǷ񷽱㣿
¶ϲɫѪϻ׸ǵԭ
ֻ൤æ꣬ұ㶯ȥѪЭɳǣ
Ҷؿһ£
лҶ֡С⼸ձǣѪ£
ݴϲæ˵
һʱ֮뿪
Ҷظʸ˵¡
ʸδԣֻЩ˸Уʱ̡̫൤½һʱҲ뿪ã޷ҶһǰѪ

ȻǰѪҶٲһ׼Ƿ档
൤ڡ
ҶϥſСɽԼΧ֮ڡ
Ԫ⻪Եڶɴʱ⵽һ̶ȵȻǷӳǿǱϾǵƷʻߣ޷ȫֵס׵ǿ
ڵʱҶлһСͨ׹žԼһСͨ޷Уû㹻ķҪסףδܹ
ðнԪСͨУѪ޽֣⼸ͽԪ̫;սнҪС֮ͨ⣬С潣ҲˣȫСͨ
Ҷϸ鿴һɽ̶ȣɵ
׻ľľϵ˿Ϊأʮƣ֮ճٿӣ˰ƷˣҪһˮҲˡ𽣡ҫ⽣񳾽ᣬȽ޸
ҶظеΪʹ
ȻˣҪСͨס
Ʒʱﵽʮϣ롰顱ӵССͨν飬ʮ׻޵顣ܷ֮ӳġСͨʶС֮ͨ
ϸ˵Ҷе׹žȻСͨѾû飬ܷӳͨ
֮һ仰ֻɱһޣһСͨ
ҪƴнС潣󣬱ɱޣޱֱǽľˮ硢װϵп˱ȻͬСͨɽ޵еСͨСͨһ൱ڰ޺һԳ޵֮ԪӤʿҲס˽
ҶزǰѪɱޣҪɱϵͬȴ̫ˡѪˮϵǱ硢׵ϵȴңһ뵽еѶȣЩԽ
ϽʧѾãҵ̳ˣûԭġϽڶҲ̳֮ˣҪ˵ˡ
ҶҲ֪Լʲôʱ˱СͨɽԲٶ롣
ĿɨԼʱ򣬶һ£ɰʥʵ˵Ҫȥһ飬֪ʲôʱҡǸðʮױӺڤ𣬸ȡˡҪȻʥȡڵıӺڤ𣬶Ҫߣ


625 ӡڤס
Ҷ뵽һӴȡ˳
ߴֳǹӲӵϣһı˪ףƺһñסĿսʿһɭϵĺϢѸ䲻ڣͬ׹һ㣬ȵԪӤʿͷŵı˪
ҲɣǿҵıٷԣĻͱ顣
ҶתϢƿһȻӳһȭ
䣡
ϵıƬĽ
׵һӲʵı˪ף̺һȭ顣
ţҶĿоâһʶȻȥ
ֻڣһűһöѤıɢǿı˪Ϣѹһֹĺɫڤס
ҶЩڤ׵ǿ
Ҳ֪һ𣬿ͱöʮױӵı˪ϢϨˡڤ𣬺ͱϵϢˣƷ׼ߣǿޱȣֻǱӵı˪ǿҵĶסû˿Ϩļ
Ǳѹڤףйı˪
ҶԪӤڣʶǿʮһΧı˪ʶҲҪ
ڤ׵Ϣͬеսľ
ۼʶڤ׵Ŀ£ԪӤʿڤףҲõΪҽ
ҶظоɽֲϢڶţҵ۷һϸܵķУΧиȥ
ڵıΪ̣ÿһֻи΢ĩȣǧСзии硣
ķļ죬ʮǧ𲹳䷨Žһи
ڷеİ£ű롣
Ӻڤףȡ˳
ڣȻԵޱȣϾ˲ٿ֮ֻҪǣ޴󰭡
չ÷ǿнڶһıӺڤи
ſһǵĸǶڤƺȤƺҪȥԾԾԵצҪȥץȴ¶η֮ɫûǶڤסڤ׵ĵȽ̫ߣԶʵ
Ҷؼ޷ȡǶڤףһӡ

Ӻڤһƾʧʧȥһټ
ϵĺ˪Ҳȥָԭ״
ѱӺڤ״ˣ
Ҷ깤֮󣬶ͷϸܵĺ飬͸һ
ӺڤѾ͵ϸȥˡ
˿ģʮ׵ıӺڤܽϸô
ɫ֮ϸƴڣҲϸֺ
һҶػָ귨ʶȫϸڡ
ϸľ
һöӨıӣľĵϡ
ҶȡʮƷʯɳʮʯ֮ȴûʲôᷢѿˡ
ҪʮױûгǧƵƷʯ֮£һʱɣ
Ҷؿһ£
ǶڤףĵƮڻ𸮸ϣƮƮȥ𸮸ڣЩ𣬰ɫػ棬ֻҪһڤף̱Ϩ
öʮǶڤ׿ҲʮϣһǺǵģһݻԪ
Ҷ¶֮ɫ
ڤ׵Ʒ׼ߣԪӤĹ
ҶһֱֻиһͷҪԭ޷õϵĹ޷ƳڵáǲԸǲܡ
ҸĸתɵԼɽٳΪĻҶظû취õ
ҶС󷨡ƹƪֻûʺϵȽ׵Ĺ
Ʒ׼ߵڤףôԪӤáԪӤĹࡣ
ҶΨһĵǣԪӤڵΪ޷ڤףԪӤĹȽΣա
ӺڤףȷϸڣҪʱá
ԼڵıӡڤףҶҲ֮ʥҪҲٵʲô

Ҷرչգڳ
ʱ䣬൤ĸչ
棬λԪӤʿһλʥʿһʮ𵤳ڡڡʿٶʿʵ
ڲҵ棬൤Ϊҵڼɳǿ̡ʮֲҩ鵺ֲҩ൤ʿ൤ţ;ͨҩⷽû˿⡣Թʿճá
˵൤ѾС߹ģ
ֻҪٹʮϰ꣬ʲôĻ൤ڶɽ磬ȽŸ
Ҷûлپ൤ϣæԼ飬ڰ׸ǵĿʯ̴չϵͽ׿ʯ
⼸µʱѾŪ˽𸮸á
ľԿҩһ³ֵĽ𸮸þ߽׵Ŀʯ
ֻҪɫƷʯ󡢺󡢳ͭ󡢳ȵȣѻڽ𸮸ڡЩʯһµĳᣬὥΪƷ׵Ŀʯ
Խ׵ĿʯڷԽԹ򵽡
ʮסʮһ׵ĽϵʯʮϵķԪӤʿʹáĸƷ׿ʯӲ쳣ͽ׵Ľʿʿ㷢Ʒ׵ĿʯҲڲҪԪӤʿԼȥڣԼȥյѰңԻá
ŹҶصǿʮһ׵ʯڷи̸󼸺ûֻԪӤʿԼȥѰҡھ򣬷ǳѹԪӤʿæµõ߽׵ĿʯҲãٻȥ
֮£һƷƷ׵ĿʯʯγɵݽϵͣȽϳҼǮҲ͡һЩϵĴͿ󳡣֯ȺĽʿʿɾĵƷ׿ʯȻȥ
ҶطԼĽ𸮸ܹõƷ׿ʯΪƷ׿ʯȻװ˷ĺ¡
˴顣
ԼʮһƷĿʯԳΪһƷ׵ĿʯֻҪһʱɡʮƷ׵ĿʯΪһƷ׵ĿʯʱΪʱ
ƷԽߣʱҲԽ
ҲͬƷֵĿʯʱҲͬͨһƷʱ伫ֻ̣һʱƷסϡһƷҪʱ伫ҪʮʱС
ҪǣҪһƷʵǱȽϼ򵥡Ҫҵ塢Ʒϵ󣬼ֱ죬ʯҲû
Ʒ̫͵Ŀʯʼֻ࣬ƵƷķֻиƷʵĿʯƷ׵ķ
Щʵ飬ҶضԽ𸮵˽
ɹһȽϡĿʯؽϽɳʯȵʮ֣ͷڽ𸮸ڣΪƷʿʯ
һ֮Ҷغͻʸķֱ𣬷ŶǰѪȥε˱š


626 
Ѫɫ֮
ҶشٺǴ͵Ѫһؾݵ㣬ԦϻΪһǧɵڹ⣬쬡ʧʡ
պǰһ﷽ԲĴ죬һϲٶȻ
ϣһΰɳεض
Ͻ˱ϵɹʿϣɳǡ
͵Ͻһ֮յеʯͷǲͬ˱ɹ󲿷ԴɳǣĻ󷨣ԹǿȻǳɳǣѾۼ˲ٵ
ʿϮѾѶʲôв
ɳѾ꣬˸һʿ˱ϵʿѪҪݵءɳ⣬Ѿһپÿնǧƽʿ䡣
Ҷط䵺죬֮ʱ
һλسǵĽʿӳӭȥ鹧ֵλ棬Ϊ˱ϽƹܣʵʩսʱƣʿͨϵǼڰǲͨϣСĺõǼڲᣡ
ҶؿһۣĿ裬ϽʿϽϵɹĽʿִڡ
ȻɳأҶҲûж˵ȡϽһ£Ͻ峤Ҷϣڿڳڣ
Ҷϡ
ҶϽһ뵽һΪ
ֻҪѪʿܲעɱԪӤɱ񡣶˱ϵʿܲעʿڰϵ
ʮ꣬ϽλĽʿ
һλҶλϽ峤ϣ̶һ֮ڳϽ𵤰ĵʮһλڰϵٶȺš˶²᲻Ͻ𵤰ǰ׵ʱȴ伣ٳѪ
һλϽٹݣճ˽𵤰ĵʮλǻ˺üʱ䣬ųȥġͬʱڣڰϵλҪҶصͺܶࡣ
˱ϵĿģĪϽĵ峤ҶأڵͽʿĿѾ˴档
һ𵤳ʿݣϰϽĴн󣬳ϽϡӰ죬ҲֻϽСΧδ㷺ĹעҶ˽ɱļ¼̵ʱӲֱȡõʮһľս
Ҫ˵ͨĽʿʱڽɱϸ߾Ӱ׵̫껽ٹڣԼǰʮλĽʿɵΪǼвľʱȴˣ뿪ѪĲ²⡣
ͻıϼٹȻƾɱһޣһٵϽɱסбϼڲųƣȻʱΪһҶгͻҶ˹Ϸ˱ȻȴǷãûҺҶص
ڶûѡذ׵λãѸٻضչأԪӤ硣Ѿջ˾޴ڶԣƺҲѾʧȥ
ӳȷҶصݣλΪϽ峤ϣȻԪӤʿƲסĻֺ̿ͼӭҶϣҶͻԪӤΪղͻð֮ҶϺղδǣڳӦҵϳ˳ǹƻϤΪ·
ҶضԼӰ̫ӳһ飬΢΢Щ֡
ûж룬Ӧһڶȥ
ҶΪϽ峤ϣϽĵĸ߲㣬ȨƼߣǰ޵ɳǣҲȨϽҪǣѾԪӤʿѾܺԪӤƽƽΣʵѾڼߵĲΣڶڲҪκʿɫ
ǰΪϽϣԪӤʿγϣʵȨ
ҶϣǰǳĽˣֹڴˣҶн롣
Ҷس˼䣬ǰ·ӳѾڳһƻֺĹɿͣ£˵
л
Ҷ΢΢ͷЦǰĳΰԳϽĸ֡
⣬ѹ
ȴϽڰأǴϵҶأҶ£Ҷس֣Ȼϲ֣׷ʩ񹧺ء
ҶֻǵЦͷӦһ·ͨ裬صŻС
ʱһϮ۵˵ЦһŻߴ
ίвɹһľʵ飬ͷİĳϣĳʹ˸ˡպѪɫˣЯǺ󣬿Ҷس֣¶ȻҶ΢΢֣븮ȥ
ĿͻԶȥתҶЦҶϣϴһҶѳɹͻԪӤΪϲɺذ
ҲҪ˱λ֪ѪʲôҪ֮£Ҫ
ҶعһЦֱѯʵ
˵ͷڼȱְɳǼ죬涼Ҫ֮ȥƹܵȡʱܴϮǣҲòҪһʿǳأȱģŵĹˡ˱ϵɹԪӤʿȻҲ࣬ڳ׷ģȴǲడܼʱٺòˡ
˵˶ٵҶϣǽȥ̸
Ĵڣ¡
ʲôţ޷
Ҷص
Ȳ˵ˣ񣬻ûҵȥҪھסһһҪĲƻʣȥ֮Ѫϵһɳǡһһ£ϽɳΧһ̽ӣͼ̽ϽɳǵʵɳǸոսɲãܱ̽鵽ǵĵϸ֮ǰѾкü֧СӵԪӤʿǰȥɱͼɱǶ޹δɱ̽ӣ硣ѡһ֪ҶԸѡĸ񣿡
˵
ȥɱ̽Ӱɣ
Ҷسһ£Ӧ
ʵҲҪȥɱ޵ġİҪƳΪСͨȫָŶȡ޵飬Ϊ顣
ãҶϴӳѡԪӤʿȥɱ̽ӡѺʵίȥ졣

Ҷ񣬱ֱǰϽɳǵĹ㳡Űͨ棬ļһ֧ɱ̽ӵĶԱҪԪӤΪļ
ϽɳֵĹ㳡ϣдƵļʿԱͨ档
Ͻе񣬶˱ÿһвƵĽͿɵáʿԼʵ㹻ʤεĻԳнӦ񣬴ӶõĽ͡
Ȼˣ󲿷ֵ񣬶ʿһ˶ܹɵġҪɶӵʿͨС
ɱ̽ӵ񣬲ɡҶҲΪԼһ֮ܺ׵ɱǲ֪ټ̽ӣҪļԱҼԪӤʿæɱ̽ӡ
ʱۼڹ㳡ϵĽʿ٣ԪӤʿ޼æɸԵ
ٽʿҶصļͨ棬ҡͷɱ̽ӵҪ̫ߣǿɼ


627 ǿԪӤʿС
գҶزļһλߣԼһλʿ
λʿԪӤΪǶСʿѪûʲôֻܵϽǣҶطļͨ棬һԡ
Ҷ˶ˣҲǿãٵʱ䣬ʶӳѰҳ̽ӵټ
Ҳ֪һеãǱļڵΧǧﷶΧڷѰȴδܷ̽ӵټ
Ҷصװʮգɱͷù߽ס˽׵ĺ֮⣬һûз֡ʿҵʮֲͣ;
Ҷضһ˸ѰңҲֻ޹յĻصϽɳǡ
ҶطسڣУͽ޵Ƥ
ҶϣһλԪӤ棬ʱڳǶɸСȥһ棡
ȴһλʿҴҵǰֵ
ҶתͷһλʿǳѲ߶ӵĳԱһϽʿķΣʵʲôң
λۣο࣬Ϊɲ⡣ֻ˵ʮǰԼĲδ˵ҲҶʣѰ˼ţӦúʶ
ʿ
۵棿
Ҷͷһ
лʿͽǶɸɸ̴ӣҶأ̽һİڡ棬վʮµĽʿʥʹʿıʶ
ҶһʱȻġ
ŽȥһλŨüĿۣʿ᷿λһϵƣ˲Ȼ᷿ڣֻʥһˣڳ
ʥʣ
Ҷɫ֣ɫ
ҶСѣЩڶȵ𰡣ʣҲڵʿš
ʥʹЦ
ʥˣʥǰɲ̸֣
Ҷزɺգʥȡ
ҲǸոϽǣ˵ǰЩӵϽǣǲȥˣһãǰһյأȡһϡ
ʥʶ˶٣ͻȻ뱾һȥȡ
ңҵʵȥ𣿡
ҶزȻ
ϴμ棬㻹ǽΪȥҲǰװûͬȥѾԪӤʿмԱ֮ǿȥġʥʵȻ͵ʶȱʴӵصҲлԵձʣһݻԵͿǷԸͱһȡ
֪ʥʴʲô
Ҷһ£ʵ
ʥҡҡͷԪӤʿĶ࣬жĿйܣʲ˵šֽܿŵֻܸ㣬ɽһ˵еʱҲûұκϣܹȡôǴ˷սȴһᣬñ˵õϣܵôȻкôһһ治ֻҪ߱ʣȥǲȥ
Ҷزɳ
ʥ벽̤뻯ھľʿɽҲҳܹƥ֮ˡ˱ʥʳҲʰ·磬Ը
ʥʻȤҪõĶ¾ǶɽһпͻƻڵҲڵ
ȻˣǾôеķտ϶Ҳġ
٣Ҷڸ޷Ҫȡжѡ
ʥʲѪʮ꣬Ҫȴôʱȥ׼ֱڲŴȥȡ
ʥʼȻ֣ôӦϵİգſڿӣԵ޹ȥ
Ҷؿ˺һк͵ʧ
ȥ
ҶĿ⽥㣬Ҳϻ³һ֣Ӧ
ãȻе걾ʵĺȲ֪ܸʲôҲ֪ںεأȴǸҺͱһͬȥȡðķգȷʵʮ㡣뵱걾ܹ۰Զɽ磬γǷ
ʥʹЦ
ʥ£ǳ˿ɱȡ
ҶصЦ
ھ߰ɣǻͬڳţϼһȥȡ
ϻһɱ̽񣬻δɣ²㶯ܷȼգɱȥ٣
؆ɱ̽ӣЩСº鷳汾

ʥʺҶض뿪ϽǣʮʥʹĽʿƼǧһߵĵ졣
ֻϣһӢʿֶ湫ӡòҶػҪۡ࣬ȴѾԪӤʿüģԳһ侫µɫޡ
ǧ֮⣬һƬɽϣһʮɴСĹһ֣ɽһɢϢɭޱȣΧصԨһ㡣ΪѾԪӤ۷壬ΪֲĴڡ
һɽͷϣһݵţֳһȣ¹վţĮŴ󺣣ƺһųʯΪͬԪӤ۷塣
⵺ϣһλԪӤڵṫӣһλԪӤڵĹޣһλԪӤţϢȻͬʿһϣһʮֹ죬ȴûκγͻ
ҶһŹܵǹϤĹϢп⣬ôҲѵʥ˵ͬ
ˣҲˣֻӲͷƤʥʷڵϡ
⵺ԪӤʿҶһϳʥʵԼֻţϵáǴʸʥʡһ𣬾ԪӤʿ
ʥʣȥȡô˸Сʿ
īͫףһâһں֮УȥҶһۣԵò
ʿǹˣǼˣһͬǰȥ磬
ʥʵȻ˵
Ĭ֮󣬲˵ʲô
ҶЩ֣˿ûἰӣһʶ顣˹ҪõʮױӣţŶ̶ʮ꣬᲻ϵ϶ʲô֮ùԸἰ
СӵΪǿܹԱȡʲôȻѾˣ֪ҵı֮£Ҳػȥ
λݵţĮĳҶؿһۡ
λѪɽϹ֡ںɽӦûš
ʥָָݵţ˵
λǰ
ҶسŹ֡
ӣҶЦЦҲǵʿ֮ΨһҶкøеˡ
ҶʶʥȻҲٶܡ
ʥҶҪȥܾǰƵľŽ㽫һʮԪӤҪСµĹ򡣵ʮˣŻȥȡ
ͺɽϹ֣Ѿãٵʮա
ҶҲڵȴ
ڼ䣬ֻ뵺ȥһˣƺǰʲô顣
˲ʮգһһɾ޴ʬĴ룬ڵ캣̲ϡͷʮʬˣ洦ɼĽۣǻû͸ϵŨīһīɫҺҺƺо綾ɳ̲ϡڡð̡īҺȴûκá
ͷצ䣬ǱںǧÿղŶݸ棬˲ٹҶСѣӦþ˵ģǱϽһ̽Ӱɣ
ˬЦЦ
Ҷؿ˿ͷʮֿ˿˺һ


628 
ǴޣǰЩӣԪӤʿϽΧ̽ӵ䣬ϧһټûз֡û뵽ǰ֣ɱˡó̽ӣϽҲһ鷳Ҳίе񣬿ûǣңʥǰǰɽǰһǰѰлʥǰ
Ҷ˺һŻعʥʵл
޷ɱޣֵС¶ѡ֣ЦҡͷצƤҲƳɲ令׷⣬Ƚͦߣ鵤㲻ʦÿȥ
ޣ͸
Ҷؾȵ
ܷ鵤ΪѾԪӤڵ߸òצӺҲ˷ѣ㿴ʲôõŵģֻȡ˱ǡ
Ȼ
Ҷسһ£ֳԶͺɽϹֿȥ
ʱʥʻڵһʱٵĶڣͺɽϹڵϸһԪӤڵ߸ǿʿͷʮƶûһۣȻһˡߣͼھʿǶĵرǵڡ
Ҳãȴ֮ˣ
ҶؼɽϹֶ޵ʬȤֻ£ʬ帽
ͷ˼أǻûг͸ִĴצڲϳ鴤
Ҳǵù͸ˡ
ͨϽǸļΪΣѰʿҪããаҳ졣˭֪ոոϺð˸ͷͱ˸޷ıĵϡ
ҶزٿУڡ˺͹⻬ƤȡһöľϵʮԼһľϵǡ޸ʿһʿаϵͬҲаϵͬǡ
ҶʬڼѰңצ顣
ͻȻһаֻצĹӰ쬵ĴӰצڳ˳ֻ̳⺣ȥ
ƿգ
ҶĿһ䣬׼һ䴢ųһɫӨƿ״ƿٺǵ̸׽ʮá
ƿڰһ̲һӴſ糯ƿӿȥ
ϸСĹӰֵסƿǿצ裬ѽţƿС
Ҷؼ飬ɫһϲҪĶצľϵޣ֮һľϵɽˡֻڻ֪ӵе츳ͨʲô
ҶûȥСͨķɽһʱõġ
ʬ֮ҶԴϽǣ֪̽ѾٵǡʱҪ£ȥһѪʱȥˣίת൤ʿ
ֹʮգʥڴӵ϶ڳĵЦݡ
ʿһ֪Ž׵϶ѾʮףŻʥ⡣

ʥʡɽϹ֡ҶһԪӤʿԦԷѪ򼲷ɡ
ǵĿ꣬ʿϳӪʿ̸֮ɫĵط
֮ǽ뵽ѪѾûʿľݵ㣬޷Զ봫ͣȫС
ѪգȺ߽׺޳û籩ͻ
ΪԽԽżܹʿǶʿأʿҽѪ
Ƕһʿ˵Щ㲻ʲô
ٺâոߴɡ
ҶظոսԪӤڣΪһʿм䣬һԪӤںԪӤڣ񲢲̫󡣵ǼʮϰٸڵҶؼҲ򲻹ʥʡɽϹмκһˣֻбŰķݡ
Ҷؿۼ˲ϢɱߡԪӤʿҲʥοȻûɽϹֵʵϹһ͹ģȥ
ⲻҶ̫ԪӤ۷ʿǿĹڿֲҲҲħͷǿǰҲʾ͡ҶǿǰȻԵüС
ǺɽϹֶҶسڶ֮кܲ⣬ûƹҶء
ǿʿԭΪҶصʵܻг̡
һҶȴ˸еЩ죬Ŀ࿴
Ҷصֶβ٣սٶȼ죬Ը⼸ԪӤкʿӡ
ɺ;ȺˡŽ׵ݾĴսʮ䣬ɱĵͼҲλԪӤʿٶ١ȻˣλԪӤʿûʹȫȥ˭ɱĶ˭ɱ١
Ҷصıֲˡ
ҶؼûгֹõǴڷ״̬
Ѫϳ;УʮҲԼһ죬һľ׹뺣⵽ȺķϮ
ԪӤʿۺ񣬺ͣЪȫٷһҲû⡣ǣ;죬ҲҪڵЪָУ޷һһֱȥ
Ҷزͣ
ԭܼ򵥣Ҷɽǧڻָһɱݣһ߷УҲҪͣ
ڹɽϹ֣źǶ˸һ㡣
ǹޣ޷ָĵʬڵʬһģʬֲָٶȻܻҲ޷ʹöɽķֻʹԼƵĹϵ
ɽϹֳϳɽûʲôǰ֮ǰϽɳǣΪĲɹһЩƷ𡪡ǷܹҵƷ׵ˣָ˶ٷһָܻǧ֮һ㲻ˡԶԶȲҶƵļƷǧ
ʥ׼Ϊ֣Ҳòõ𲹸ʡɽĸּƷʣõԭϡõƷ¢˺ħ˵У׼ȷ˵ǳ˳ųԱ֣֮ЩƷǼġʥͲħ˵ľͷȻҲòЩô
ܲɣҶ˳ŵĳԱʸͳгԱס
֪Ҷӵһϸľ޴ơ
Ҳû֪ϸԼĸ˱̬ĳ̶ȡΪŴԭϣȥƵơ鵤ƷʵȽ׶ƶɽļƷǷ켫ĳ̶ȡ
ǰһ·ϣ˹һĻ
ɽϹ֡ʥʵ˾÷УΪģò;ָͣʱȴҶػ棬ûϢָĴ㣬ȻȥɱһЩϡĺޡ
żҶصĿ⣬ɹ
֮ǰǿߵУڼԪӤ۷ʿΪҶؿܻг̡һ˼ҺúõģǷǲʱЪһЪԵЩΡ
ʥʣҵСӵģСӾǳ֮ٸ꣬˶κβЯδֵ黹ݶҪһݣǺͼ
ĿĵԶϲɱ޵ҶأʥʣżɭȻɵ


629 ϳ
ҶزûʲôɼҶ߹ӣرǺޡ
Ҫ֪Ϊûܵõöӣ鵺ϵĹԻȱ˺࣬ųٳٲðȥǿжɻڴ١
ܹɹɹڴٵģ̫̫ˣԶȶԪӤʿɹڴٵࡣһɽʧܣɽڳ޷ܡ
˽ǧޣܹʹĥһһ
ҪΪ˼ʥʺͺɽϹֶڣҶ֣Ҷؽöӡ
һ·ϣһֱȨ⿼ǡ
ӵеѡ񲻶ֻ࣬·ߡ
ҪôҶжرӣΪڤùǿжɻڴ٣Ϊڹޡҿ϶һᣬʥʺͺɽϹֿ϶֪ӵĴڣ֮Сûжʤ㣬Լһܹõ֡˵ˣõӣտ˱ɽٳ˻ڹޣɻǹޣ·ޱȼѡ
Ҫôʥȥȡ黹ݣ黹ݣתޣ֮ȡ鱦˾ͬҪðķաһɹǰ;һƬҲڹխаСϿˡ
·ڶɸǰ;
˼ȥֻǿ³ֵĳ嶯
ʥʣϷҲ벻ף˴ǰ磬СһԪӤʿãĪǣӿǰµӣҪʲô
ɽϹĮĿʥʣĿ¶֮ɫ
ʥƳ˶һۣҡҡͷһǰڵصСӻԵɺϣʣʱΪڱвһȥӣûһת۰ٶȥѾԪӤʿѾʸ汾ǰٵǱԤϡ
Ԫ޼ƴͻƻڣҲ޷ԪΨһĳ·ǰĴ½ڤתڴת֮ɵ
ɽϹ֣ǶλҲûԪˡһδͻƻڣһ㳹ûϣˣͬҪȥڤת
ҵ˶ԪӤʿҪתһЩһתǰȫɥʧ޶ȻޱȡΨ黹ݣҵת֮󣬱һϧļ䡣ݱޱȵļ䣬ҵиİߵľ硣
ʥʿŶˣ˵
ǣҵת֮£Скιϵ
ɽϹɻ
СһԪӦûܻ˾Ű꣬кܴϣͻƻھ磬ԪߴǧꡣֻҪΪɽڿȴܹ޵Ĵڣҵתޣ˵֮СȻܸòһ֣б޻
ʥ˵˴һ۵ԶԺ޵Ҷء
ʥıԶǣת󶼿ˣ
ɽϹ߹ЦһȻǶԴ˲ΪȻ
ʥʣ黹ݺתĴ˵мְգ
ĵ
ʥҡҡͷȥĴ½ıԵشǴ˵ع룬δ˵еڤӣһЩʿµɵ䴫֮УйڤӺתļأӦʵڤ󷨡ϸļ¼黹ݣԼλáǰʿ϶Թڼϸ
ԣĬȥҲ֪Щʲô

Ъ˴֮ʿ뿪СС
һжԪӤʿٶȼ죬ɺ;֮ȻżЪϢǲʱ䡣
ҶЩЦ
ɽϹҪӻԸ⿪ʿҪơ
Ȼϣװ˷ԼļƷ
ڹò𡣶ʥԼһЩǿá
ҶѾ;Уʥʿ½½֪һЩеĿģǰϳҵڡڣҵһΪ黹ݵҩ
ʥ͸¶ҩãҶظеΪ𺳡
ɽϹűת֮˵Ǽδ֤ʵʿΪ̸֮Īģ
Ҷֹ

ķУʥʡɽϹ֡ҶصһԪӤʿڵִһƬ谵ĺƬգԵѹ֡
ǰ֮ˣ۾ڶ岿䣡Բķʽ۾ӣһλͳȺÿһλӵлκڵʵǿ岿䲻֮ڣСʤÿһ岿䶼ռһƬأһ𡣡
ʥǰжһͼᡣħ˵ͷ֮һմܣ˽⼫࣬Ƕ˿Աȵġ
ôಿҵأһЩ岿䣬Ǹ鷳
ɽϹüͷ
ǰʶȻǰһֱڹ۲Ѫս֣սѾļΪң˲ʮϹģĴս岿ʿս࣬ˡħ˵ʿȫƴ˫ѾɵսȥˡսϵʿʿδǧĴˣܲȫԸϲط徻ֻ࣬صǲǿΪһ죬Ѫĵȴá
ʥЦ
ɽϹֲһۣһȥѪڴ˵Ҳûʲôù˼ɵˡ
Ȼˣҵȱҵڡ岿䡭˫âɭȻܲǾɱȥ
ҶزɲĿ
ɱ̫أȻ뽫;鷳һɱɾ
˵֧Сʿʵʮ޸סǣҲ鱨Ǵ岿䣬Ҳҳ˶ĻޡȥѪҪҵ˶ޣǲܡ
ͬʱʮǿޣŻǴһЩ鷳
߰ɣ
ʥɫĮƺֹ֮⡣
·
һŹ֮еĹצһһںŨʬӺзʻ״ΧڵУҺܿɢתۼ䣬㻯Ϊһںʬơ
ʬƳΣһһУʬű͵İθߣûҰУӭŸ߿յǰٷȥ

ҶؿµʮɴϣĽǧʬȣûȣɵ
ڻ鵺ʬֲηĳ̶ȡ
ڸ߿ռٷɶݣ岿أҶش·żǧĺںзɱѪ⣬ǧﺣˮΪѪɫһͷƤ顣
ν壬һ壬һȺ塣Ǵһ飬岿֮Ϊḷ́ײг̶ȣԶȺͶʿƴ֮пǲ䣬ˣһǲݡЩͽ׵û㹻ǣ£ֵĿܡֻЩǵĻޣڱʿٽƵʱ򣬲Żݵķ³ޣֺԿʿ岿֮ںɱļΪʿ޷ڶˡ
ʥƳһۣ˵
˵Ѫȡĵܹ岿䶼ǼΪǿ
λʿɨеһʱ˼죬ĬȻ


630 Ϲֵʵ
Ԧʬǰ·ʥʡɽϹ֡Ҷصʿں󣬴ǧɸߴٷɹ岿ء
ÿһ岿䶼иԵأСǧĺΧ̾Ŵޡݡ·ȥɱʤɱҵȴ˴ǰ磬;Ҫ岿䣬вҵɱҶСѣʮޣֻ֣豣ɣЩɱʡɽϹʰˡ
ʥеͼᣬƽ˵
ţ
ҶʶȤĵͷĿǰΪʵʮ޶ܶһġʥʡɽϹλԪӤڵǿʿڣûҪ׳Ҳɴֻ࣬ܺˡ
ʿڼٷС
ҶͻȻһֻǰ֮⣬һƵľɽ塣ɽߴǧֱɽϣŴƬĽƣɢ貽⡣
ⱦľ޷壬ͻأĳںϣ˾ȡ˾޷ĹģȶһɳǣֻҲѷɫ
ʿעʱĽɫɽ
ౡ
ֻƬɽĽƣͻȻΪһɫ磬ʿϯ˹
ȵƷɽˣʿźȻǽȻһȺӴĽ񣬲ǧͷ֮ڡЩŽ⣬ԶԶƬһ㡣
Ҷزɾȡ
Ƭǰ棬һͷ׺ľ޵˫һչжɣĿâ죬չֱǵķȻһͷʮһޡͷ޵Ļͷÿһͷʵֻ¶ʮϣԪӤʵ
ʣµǧͷˣδڰ֮£ֻн𵤼ʵ
ԱһƬƺˣǸвȺʿǸɲǧɵĸ߿գ޷̫ǿҵķֻڶǧɸߴǻʵǧɸ߿յģֻΪ׵ͷѡ
ͷΪ׵ĽƺΪŭᵽеһɼΪŨҵʬ
Уûʲô˵ġͻȻֵʬ޷壬вǵĳѨ
ľ룬Ϊ׵ͷ񼸸һӶֱʬơ
𾦵񣿸Ʊ֪
ɨһۼͷ޵ڤ𲻶ԾһһӣйŨʬ̻Ϊһֻɵľ޴צƣ󣬱㳯ǽͷץȥ
𾦵񲻸ʾ˫ģһɵܼâǹצȥ
꣡
ʮâʬƣգ۱ʧӰ٣ʬȫɡ
צ˲Ϣ䣬Ȼץȥ
𾦵ͷ켲һۣ˿һͷȴûôˣһ±צץ˸ţʬɣʬ޴档
𾦵ͷһͫһĽâͫнâܹƳϡ䣬ר̽зΪʵ
âֱ͸ʬƣʬڵһӰǵӰ˴󲿷ϢǱâһɨȴ¶Ϊ
âɨͬϢĺɽϹ֡ʥʵˡ
һ֮̽£Ϊ𺧡
һԪӤ۷ĹޡԪӤ۷ʿ
һޣΪԶʤС
ǽ𾦵ڴˣֻҲ޷ֺá
֮£ûڲ׳˹
𾦵ͷҲɵһԷѾܵУҡӡ
һʬƱϯ˹ȥ
֣ͷϷ򣡡
ʬƺ󷽲ԶĺɽϹ֣ͻȻһ˹ȥ
Ϲ֣Ҫã
ȻЩ֣һйʬ˻ɺɽϹֳ֡
ɽϹֲδ˵һƣһ۵Ĺƾճ֡δ֣һޱȱϢںɽϹΧǧȻ˲ѩɽһ㺮䡣
ҶزüͷԶɽϹǧ֮⣬ܵӰ졣
𾦵ͷŵòð
һԪӤ۷ʿ֣Ӳӣӿģ޷弱ɶȥ
ͷνƲҲɢֻ⼸ʿ֮ǰǻôһ˿ӵϣ
٣ʵҲϷ֮𣿡
ֻɽϹһЦδжĶһӣһããĹâ

꣡
â֮źƵƺͿ̹ǵɭվȻһɱ
գ۹򣬶ͷʵΪѷɫĻγݣʱ׷ϡһ˲䣬ı˶ͷνȫǷĴⱻסǱԽԽ񣬺ܿ㱻һ޴ıǧɵĸ߿֮Уʧȥݣ³֪
ǱϵСͨ
Ҷ¶֮ɫһԵʥʵ
ɽϹֱϵѾСͨ۷塣ٽһǴͨˡ൱£ΧԸͽ׵ĵò
ʥʻҡͷ
𾦵ͷʵǿӵ졣
ǺɽϹֱ죬һâɱƸ׸˪Ѿβ
ౡ
𾦵ͷ֪ѲˣһХ˫𣬡쬡һ£ȥҫ۵⣬ӭ׷ļ١
𾦵ͷǱߣɫâϱ
걬ɢҲڼ
һƴȻӹ˺ɽϹһ
ϧֻлڵʵҪлκڵʵƴһ˵Ϸͷۡ
ɽϹһȻȻһתڣ̫ˣ
䣬ֻȰ׹ǣЩƵıѸײڶ֮ƣ˲ͻ˽ɫâķߣ𾦵ͷ츲˹ȥ
ꡭ
ϯ಻
ǴΧı޴Ӷǧձȫס
𾦵ͷΪһ񣬱һ޴ıڡ
ɽϹƺûзŹͷ׹Ļʬ˼ֻһ鿰Сɽľ޴ı飬ȡֱֱʿ߷
˫ʵ⣬ȻһԵȵս
ɽϹֵıѾ˼ĳ̶ȣСͨڼʱͷųﵽ˲ֲĿ
ҶЩ׹ΪκɽϹʸ͹
ҶЩֵǣǹԻʬеǡ֮ȤԺɽϹֶԣ⼸ͷݼûʲôãȡͷݵıʬ֪ǺĿġ
Сӣͷ𾦵ʬ㻻«ǧΣ
ɽϹץ޴ı飬ҶأЩŤ˵
ǰҪƣ
Ҷһ㶣Ѱ˼
ͷڽ𾦵ʬֵȻơԼҪ֣ǸɱˡԪӤ۷ʿ׷׷ݣ׽ɱ
ǧƣȻֵͬƣվƵġʬõѶҪСϺܶࡣοǧĳɱҶضԲǻЩʹʯ
Сӣ㻻ǲϷһ·ϣƺռ飬Ҫǲͷ𾦵飬ϷֱĨɱˣʱɱϹûѣ
ɽϹּҶط㶣ɫʱЩÿһѵ
֮ʬҶػƣҲǲѶΪ֮
ӺɽҲʥʣϽǲɹЩƻָЧ̫С
ڲŵ滹֪Щʲô״磬ճ̶ȾɱȣҪǵʱΪãСһΣΣΣӰ쵽ļƻ
ɽϹ·ϱѰ˼ţôҶŪЩƷƹҲӦ
ȻǲС
ҩҲûʲôˡһʿƣȥǳаˣһõ֡
ɽϹǲϸֵ۵顣
ͷûõʬ壬ҶػһЩƣ⻹պϣݡ
Ȼɽǰ뻻Ȼϡĺܣǧޱȵҩ֮ƶɡǰɱͷޣֻܻһС«ƣٶɾͲУ
Ҷϸ˵
㡫թϷ򲻳ɣ
ɽϹŭĿҶأüë
ңֵôࡣǰҪǾò㣬ҲУ
ҶʮһС«ֻܺʮڶѣȫ˹ҲָܻϹ֮һķҲϹֵƺ̫ࡣ
ɽϹֶҶأҶɫ٣ڻȷʵô󡣿ǳҶأ˭Ҳ֪ƵǶٳɱ
аɣ
ɽϹѰ˼Σʬ壬ҲûʲôãһС«áɴۣİͷ޽ҶأҶлһС«ƻȥ


631 Ԩ
Ҷ˱ɽס𾦵ޣǱɽϹֵıãڣȻδѪ类ɥʧս
Ҷ޷ƿ𾦵ɱˣȡмֵǡ
޲ԪӤ鵤ɳΪСͨ飬ʬ
޵ѪǣҲмֵ˺֮޵ƤëצҲƹԭϣͨʿõҪϲ񡣵⼸Ҷ˵΢΢Ҳûر⡣
ɱ⼸γޣ𾦵Ҳ޷Ǵκв
Ⲣǽ𾦵ʵãһԪӤʿʵ̫ǿᡣ
һ𾦵ʵڶһСɳǡǲܹҳĶޣ޼Ҳ֪ⲿ䱾ȱٻޣǻȥѪϳǿ
ʿԾ˽𾦵أȥ
һ·ϣ½岿䡣
ɽϹ֡ʿַ֣ɱڣһ·ϼûĵ֡
ҶػЩǣһ·ɱȥֻ̫»鷳
赣ĻʧͼһλϹŴʿƵģΡ岿¼ΪϸĵŲ䣬仯ֻ岿䡣ҵȵĿ磬ܿЩӴ岿䣬Сߣ£
ʥȴǺ⡣

쬡쬡
գʮХƲгһȺ߰ʮޡ
Ⱥģ죬ӥ壬壬壬岿伫࣬׳ĺޣҲпϺޣˣȴǵвǳ壬ʱȴۼһ
ǵΪ׵ģһλʵǿĻκټ˸ʮǰ
ȺշںϣźƮŵ߲Ƶʬ壬ɫ쳣ѿĸо
ʿȻ޼ɵɱʿֱšǧδй飬ôܲǷŭ˼㡣
λѣӦһʱǰɱģ˿ڱˣȡ飬϶ǻﶫʿΪ
ɶһˣ
Ѿʮˡ
ﶫʿ̫ƻʵΪ¡רС֣̫٣ǵĶ֡ҵȳȺ֣̫ȴ޷׷ǵ١
ҵȲһǰѪ˷
ȥǾһʮֲ㣬ɢΧѰǵ䡣
УѸǵĶ֡ǲһץסǣ
ԵüΪŭ
ںϣ˫ĿɨΧ򣬡ﶫʿ࣬ؽ磬ɱ˲СĵѣʲôһĿ˸Źâɻ

ʥʡɽϹ֡ҶءǰѰ;У⵽;岿Χ׷½ءǾһȺޣֻҪʮҲв⵽һ浹¾
ɽϹһ·ɱޣֱӸҶػȡǧ
岿Ҫۼ޶չΧǾ޿ܵ顣岿ڶ޾룬˶֪ɵȥˡҪ׷ǣǿɲʲô׵顣
ʵҲʵǿܵȥֻҪǲȥɳǣҲһԱʿץҴʱ˫ѪսϾȥ˼һСٹĶ顣
֮һдոߴȫٴʮС䣬ڵִһžĺ
Ƭޱ޼ʵĺ򣬼žĹ֣ϢԼɼĺڰɽ壬ǧЩΡɽ嶸ͱֱߴǧɣֱ
ŰɫƺѪһ㡣
Ƭŵĺɽ壬һ˵ǿѹغսǵͽʿڴ˵أȵվֱӰݷڵء
ˣΪƬ򣬲κκ޳ûͽ׺޶ֻ
ɽϹִƬɫ졣
أȱĻǿ֪ٱǲδۼޣˣ
ɻ
˵ΪԨӽĵطĽأҲ֮ء˵ʿ󣬶ѡƬӽĺ򣬵ͽ׺Ȼҳֵط˵Ϊ档أù̾ᣡ
ʥʴһµͼʶɨǰ򣬻˵ڣƬڡ߰ɣȥڣ
ֱͷȺƬɫ
ͺɽϹһۣŽȥ
Ҷؽ˴սķ֣ų˫ָ׹ž޷Уβ˽ȥ
Խӽ磬ΣԽߡ
ʥʡϹֵԪӤ۷ǿʿ˵ֵطȻգδػǶλԪӤʿ˵ܻܿΪѹ׵ı¼ó
˽ƬԨ
ɽ̫ߣǧɸ߿գҲɽİɽѡǴɽ϶֮䣬ֱӷɹʱɼɽϵľͺǡ
ɼǧɾ͵ĺǣСɽһ㡣
һЩĶ壬塢ȵȺǣҲɿ
ɽ壬ʮҲ֪˶ޡ
Ҷز𺳡
ϧЩѪĸʴѾɥʧûƳɹļֵȡЩߴʮ׵޺ǣƳɹǼƷ
ͷ˲ٺ޺ǣּû޷Ƴÿܣֻܰն˴
Ծ˲֪ɽ壬һڷɵһľɽǰ
ɽɽѿһԼɵĴ󶴡
˶ڰ䲻ס
һʯϣĸֲڵĴ֣ʮأȫɽ֡⼸֣ż߲ƺǼԶ֮ǰȥģĸʴּܿ
Ҷشδ֣ףʥʡɽϹֵˣϲϵá
ͺɽϹֶҡͷ
Ž磡
ʥʿĸ֣˼Ƭ̣˵
˲ףɽ͵⼸ֻ֣мաΪ˽磬Щ޴ⷽĹżһЩ֡⼸֣ǡʶ
ô˵ǰˡҪĵطΪûм޿أ
ɽϹֲ
ǣֵط˭׽ȥڣʮϵĻޣʮϵҲϡ档û޿أһǱԪ޶࣬Ϊ黹ݣҲȥðա
ʥҡͷ˵һͷĹޣڣѪɫ֮ѪʿӵдͨĹʿɱˣƤƳһպĴͨԸǿǿ֪
ʥǰ˵ĿǴͨظţģ
Ҷص
ظţģ˹ڶɽ磬壬ǰʮλǿǴáʥʳصĵ˵ͷ˵Ĺޣڿ²ҵ˵ʵ֮ϣǿԸһλϹŴʿȡĹޣ޷У뾡ܿ


632 ͨ
ͨϷҲжţֻδ׼֪Ƿ紫˵档й޴ڣʲôɣ˹޴ڳ
ɽϹɻ
ڣһѷͨżΪҵĿռ籩öڤ󷨡ƬϼأԪӤʵֱܽӱ籩˺ѣʬ޴棡
ʥһ£ҡͷΪμй޴ͲԵˡԪӤʿҪͨͨҲҪðСķա
нȥλϵܣ汾ʣ
ʥʳɽϹ˵ֿ꣬Ҷأһ£˵ҶСѣΪЩҪͨûǿĻֻжɵĻܰȫͨռͨ㲻ȥڴҲСҵֻһ±ȡ黹ݣ黹ж࣬ɷһݡºδҵ˳ֻҵѾ䡣Ҳضȣֱӷض
Ȼܰ;ϣȻҪ漸λǰһͬ磬ȥҩ
Ҷƽ
ʥĿҶһۣ˵Ǻãȥ֮ԼСģһ޷ԤΣգҵȼˣδʵշ㡣
Ҷص˵ͷ֮ǰԴ׼ȻʥʴǰҩǿǰĻԵϡⲢζʥʻᱣ֤еİȫʥԼҲûʮİգοˡ
ڽͨڣˣҲ˿Թñˡ
ʥʲٶ˵ʶĺڵ̽һ£ףķ籩Ϣ΢΢üͷ
ʰʥ壡
ʥһȣͨ󷨣ɲǼ䣬۹ĹͣӲӽ֣һǿ
ͺɽϹֶˣвâɵ֮ɫ
δʩչʰʥ󷨣ȴſƬʵ״ܣ
ߣ
ʥʺһͬڣɫС
ɵǰͻȻͣ£ͷҶؿȥСӣͨһڣֻҪͨռִͨܵ磬лõϡ黹ݣǧתһݼ䡣ʵֻжɻܻͨͨӻ鵺ȡߵںδﻹͨ
ڻ鵺ȡ߲ٶ֪ǰ˵һ
Ҷһ£󻺻˵
ԣĿʱĿƳһԱߵĺɽϹ֣Ĭ˺һߵҲգñͨˣɱҶضر֮⣬ǺɽϹһԣȴʮְ¡ңҲȷҶؾͻὫǼرšȻɱҶأҲδܽǱ
ڶڤӿ֣צһǧʬƼγһīʬƻ֣ڡ
ʬƣڻķ꣬ʬƵһϵСͨﵽСͨ۷壬һ㷨ɱȡ
ɽϹҶأЩơ
һ·ҲҶ˵ʲôΪ˲ʶڿƺʶһмǣ
ɽϹֲ֪飬Ȼ²͸еԵɡ
ɽϹֿһУгһױϢı׷ڡ
ҶĿ䣬ǰڡ
ȥ磬׻ϡ
˭Ҳ֪֮󣬻Щʲô
һ·ϣԥΣҪҪð޴ķս磡
ԪӤڵΪѾﵽ
ȡ黹ݣĿǰҲ޷ȫڶɽȥһֱ˳˳ˮȻԪӤڡܲͻƻڣ򲻺˵ɽܽԪӤڵʿ٣ͻƻڵ޼
ǣ˴β磬һսպҲûлأ˵硣սɲʱϡ
δͻƻھ磬һǧԪ
Ҷʱʥʿе֪ɽľ
䷲֮Ԫ̫СΪԭ򣬱ɹ紵Ρ긯ʴԪɣ󲿷ֶʧδܽڤӣ޷ת
ʿԪԪΪǿ󣬲лصڤת
Ԫתͱ׼
ԪΪԽߣתĻԽ󣬲תҲԽáԪӤԪ񡢻Ԫ񣬴󲿷ֶܳɹתתǱҲ
£ת޷κǰļ䡣Ҳζţת֮һ㳹װ׷ѣһһԵҪ¿ʼû㹻Ե޷ѧɷ֮;޷̤ϡ
ֻ黹ݣʿתʱΪҪļ䣬ӶΪһ¼ΪҪԵܹǰĶ
Ǽޱȵ;УԵֶΡ
ҶĬĬš
գҴսڻֿʮڳܡսĻܹ󲿷СͨķҪƿ֣ҲɣֻҪսڴʯδ֧꣬źܳһʱ䡣
⣬һʮ׵޻׷Ҳͬнǿķս٣Ա֮
Ядƣֳܹ棬̶ܹȵķӳʵǽ־¹ͺɽϹ֣Ҳδܳ
ҶؼһԼеķսװѾ׼׵һսͨ
ڶҲ֪ʲô
սڰڣһ±쫷֮УǰС
һƬֻս΢â
սͻȻ͵һһܼġžϹâţ˸Ĺ㣬ʮɣСȭͷСɫķһȫڻϡ
սٶȴֹâһ¼˥һ롣
һȹĹצһǿ
ռ籩
Ҷɫһ䡣
Ӧսʯӿֵõ䣬
ܿ죬սָֻԭٶȡ
սںڰͨ쫷磬ǰС
쫷ʱʱС͵ʱ򼸺ֶŲסǿķ䴩֣ڴϡƵҶĳ޲ֵ©⻤߽⡣
ڰͨսκιƺͷ
ķ籩ΪңɫķУһһҳսսʯۼٶȣڼġ
Ҷɫأ԰ס
ս쫷ڣͬڴеһҶۣ籩ʱܽս
ά˴ʱȴһ껹
ҹͨǰڿԿâ
쬡
Ҷؿǰâͬʱһգۼ䣬սٳڵͨ
սڰУͣ
Ҷɨһ۴սڴľʯĵһ룬װ塢ΦˡٵСµķ絶ۣս⵽еȳ̶ȵ
ѹʥʳƣԪӤʿԴͨʮа˾ҪɥͨĿռ籩ڣʬ޴档дսЯʯ࣬ҶĿǰʵֻҲѵ˿񱩵Ŀռ籩
ǰȵĴͨڳˡ


633 ں;β
Ҷվսװϣ͸͸Ļ֣ս⿴ȥ
һʮ﷽ԲļžϿȣΧǸʵľɽ壬ɽٲǧɣŨɾ
ٲϪмͷˡŽ׵ڼˮҰºֻͣҪϮǵĻҲ𹥻
սͨķϿȵİС
ҶؿʥʡɽϹ֡ʿϿ·һյشЪϢҲմͨڳԿڵķ籩ļ󣬲òԭػָ
ɽƧģǿ޳ûҶŷսȥ
쬣
Ҷطʥʵ˲ԶĲݵϣȥ
žϿڣŨ±ȶɽõ鵺Ҫǿʮ౶ŨֻҪſںӿ룬ɣǱĬĻԪתΪԪ
磿
Ҷز¶֮ɫ
黨ڶ࣬ɽҩɽΡ֥ƾ׹ȵȣɽڼؿɼ
ڶɽ磬ҩͨףͻᱻɼʿƵͽ׵ơɽҰҩƷ׾Ȼ೬߽ףûá
ʮɽҰҩ㹻һɹĽڵʮá
ҶΪʦȻ֪ɽȱҩļֵ
ɽ˳棬ȶĶ츣أɽٶȺֹǿʮһʿ²꣬ҲԪӤھ磡
Ҷؾϲ֮࣬ϸһ룬ȴЩ־塣ĵطչͬ٣Ϊ׾ٵ顣ɱصǿޣ
ʥʡɽϹ֡˵ķ΢ָһЩ˿̷׷ϸɽȡ
磬磡ϷѪѰӺҵõ鵺ҲҪʮģϷڴɽޣͻƻڣݺᶫɽˣҲڵԪʱ򣬲ԪӤڣ
ɽϹ˼䣬ɽڳĿ޲ðɽڵ븹С
Ҷزɵͷ
ɽ鵺ҲԶԶ档ɽһ죬ȵڶõ鵺ʮ졣һ꣬ȵڶһǧꡣ
ϡأκζʿ񣬲ϧһд۵õ
ʿҪѶȾһĸߡ
Ž磬ڶɽһֱһ˵еĿ´ڡ
Ϲʿܹ硣
ããѪ岿䣬ֹ˶ʿ硣ͨڵĿ񱩷籩ҲԽԪӤµʿĩ
ΪûﵽԪӤھʿҪ롣
ֻмʿżȻżȻ硣⼫ʿ۷徳磬Ԫൽ˽Ҳûãñ뿪֮ء
ļأɽ磬űʿ֪
ھ󲿷ֶʿ˵˵е羿治ڣһʣҪ˵˵ˡ
Ҷܹ磬ﵽԪӤڵʥʡɽϹԪӤ۷ʿͬУսʱһ·ɨޣ˳ִ磬붼ֵط
ɽ鵺˺ħ˵СɽŨԶʤ鵺Ǵ˵زδ߽޳û
ʥüͷš
ʲôϡģɽȣֻ洦ɼռ˵ڻбɽȺʮٱأЩڵʥϡСɽڡ

𺳵ĲҶء
ʥʡɽϹ֡ԪӤ۷ʿҲ֮棬е𾪣ڴ˵ͷ
ȻֽƵͷֻԺһûжȥǡ
ЩǾȥҵ黹ݣ뿪ǣⶫŽ磬ǧꡢ֮̾أҵȶʿ˵ɲʲôƵء黹ݣһСǵط缫ΪյءɽȣҪԶĵطִܵǵ
ʥȡһڵĵͼᡣ
Ǵöڤ󷨡Ƭϸͼᣬ¼黹ݵλãԼǰȥ·ͼֻ¼Сһ֣Ҳ
Ϊ˱ڰ·ɢ˵ͼѾķݣÿжһݡ
ߣ
ʿʩϢ
ǲշУֻܴӵǱйȥڵޡ
ճ̶ȣɲȡ
ǿҲʮ۷ʥʡɽϹֵԪӤʿǿ磬ܻʮ׵ʥǻʿܿǿڡ
ظţĹޣڿɲϡ档
һʥǾһ
ʥʣҲȥʥӲƴ̤ھ磬֪еҪΪԪʣ޼Ҫҵ黹תޣҲԸյðա
ʿӰɽڸոճڴɽãã֮У߳ʮ
䣡
ֻ⣬ǧԶ춯صľҺ
ӴԪӤʿ־ѹǧ⴫ѹҶؼԴϢ
ǡʥ
ҶкȻԶ˹ȥ
ǧУһͷƵĳɫ񣬹âɣ֣ʥһ㡣һХ׳տУһŽɫ
Ź򣬹âһҫۣա
ڣȴȻ˳˴֣֣ܷ׷Ӵܡ
ʮϵĻޣȱߣӡ
ӵģһͷβʵͬһ㣬ϢѹǾ˶١
ɫն㣬ʼ׹䡣ǽɫٶȲ죬Щ׹䣬ȴԽԽ죬ͬʵǣ׹ڵأȻը֮ɲǷΪҽʯΪ۽
ûüޣȫΪҽ
ͷѸޱȵľβǽɫΪη壬ת˲ӳ׹Ľɫ
ǧ﷽ԲĴأͷֲʥΪƽء
ʲôޣ
Ҷ𾪵ĺϲ£졣
ڣ
β
ʥʺͻɽϹֵˣһۣ麧ȻǼʶ㣬ȴһϳˡ
ڣϹݡڶɽ磬ѾûڵټֻڻڡݵԸظţ֮ĹᲢۣͷڣӦʮĽ׵ʥ
ʮϵܳββһǿĴڣ
ĸǰ
ڣƺ׷ɱβ
ãߣǳɽһˣ
ʿֻü˵ϼ仰ͷֲʥѾƽǧﷶΧ


634 Ѫ
ʥ޶ɽԽԽλԪӤʿԭͣ׷ȫ롣˵Ӳ⵽ĲҲܲס
棬ڴ˵صڶࡣǧɽ֣Ѿҳһ֣࣬ʯ죬ɽڳѨڷ߽ܵǿϢѹȣ޲־壬ͻ񱼣ֻԶԶ뿪Σյĵط
żײһҲϾᣬֻ
ߣȥǵ
ʥʼգ˵꣬âȥΪһ޵ĵӰڡƺʩչһںһ
ͺɽϹֶһۣ׷Σȥμ֮Уβʥʶȥ
ҶϢ֣ʩչŹɽϹ֣ɽǰٿ񱼡
ҶزδмǿϢЧֻҪϢһʯһزľûж
ȻûУŵϢ̫΢߽޶΢ĸȥע⡣
ҶïܵĴڿ˰ʱһɽԶԶ뿪ƬΣϢĵ򡣶ں;βҲӰ֪ɱȥˡ
ɰһͬյǣ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻʥʡɽϹֵ˸ˡǵΪ΢Զһξ룬޷׷١ǵٶֿ죬ת˲ܷɱǧɡʮҲǼգ۵Ĺ
֪ʥʡɽϹڵˣ
ҶزҶʶԸǧдΧ㲻ʥǿޣҲǴ鷳
һŵͼᣬ¼ǰǵ·ߡ
Ҷؿһ۵ͼᣬֹ۲һɽһĵΣĬģŵͼϵ·ָʾɽǱУǰǵʥʡɽϹֵ˻ϡ

ݣɫݣʮףƻϵԪӤ鵤ԻϵΪЧ
㻨Ž黨࣬˺ָкô
¹ѿ˽ѿݣϸѿߣۣ¹״̲ѪļƷҩ
ҩҶش۽硣
ٵĸ߽ҩڵҩ伮ǶʿĹȲɼɣڶɽѾѰҵǳƫƧ֮أٱʿ֡û뵽ڣҩƬš
ҶïɭĴ̤ſ֦Сţܿ;޳Ѩ֮أһעſܴڵҩЩΪҩȻ׷Źϼ꣬ϸڡպҪϣʱֲ
ҶżȻ̧ͷǰȥ·һòľš
ľߴɣвٿƣɽΧǧڲľ֮Ե÷տ
ĿģǾľϳŵļöϺɫĹʵƹϹԲˣɫϺ졣ʵΧŵϷɫϢΪŨ
ǡ
Ҷͫͷ𾪣һ
鵤ҩ伮顷мɾ˹֮һеļأþľϹʵʮơ˵ɾ֮ǧһǧһǧһ죬һǧܵõʵ
˹Ʒײ꣬񼶵ȱﻹ졣
⻹ָѵã׵ЧáܹתΪԪ鵤̷ֱܹ֮ԪΪ
Ǳӡ
˵һöһʿһΪԪӤھŲ۷ΪȻˣǰʿԪܹܵס˺Ԫš
㻯ʿãԪҲһԪ
ֱǿ˼㡣
ЧɻðĴڡ
ѾǶɽڴҩˣҲֻڴ˵еıɾҵ֪ʿŲĴڣҶش˿ˣȻۼ
磬ôĪɾһ
ҶĶžľϵĿࡣ
ֻһö嵽ԪӤھŲ۷壬ʡĿޡ
ԶԶŵɢŨϢһǿҵջǰҪȥ
ԣ
ʱһһŵΣϢǿͣ¿ȥĳ嶯
ڶ࣬ͨҩûػ䱦ͨɱȡ϶ǿػͱ޳ˣ
ҶشľΧǧɣδ־ľǱյޡ
ܣ¹ѿİˡŽݣڶ࣬ûػţ˵ĹȥʥҲᴹѣûκοأ
Ҷס
Լ侲
ܾľвԾ޷⡣
󷨣
Ҷس˼һ£˫ֿٽӡӰմһķһգ۱ʱ䣬ǰ޽һɴķӡһ淨
ᷨ
Ҷصͺһ淨ʱһҫĿĹâҶصȫӡ˽ȥ
âɢȥһģһġҶءִڡòֹ̬ϢŷΣһжΩΩФ޲ֻһҶصǷķ
ʥʡɽϹڳҲԷֱһҶء
Ҷز⣬ܹɵĽԼÿһӵԼ֮һķӵԼ֮һʵӵԼɵʵ
Ҷ˺󣬵ǧ֮⣬˼ǧ𣬿ٻָɶķ
Ҷء΢΢һΣڵһ㣬ͷ࣬ǧԶľľȥժȡ
ҶڲŷжĹ۲žľΧǷǱޡ
ٶȼ죬ת˲䣬ѾľڣһԾ𣬳ң̽ȥժ
ɾʱľϲƵĿͻȻˡԭήɫûκǿҵѪ⣬գۼǿޱȡ
쬣
ٶ֮죬ӰӶһ½ס
ֱĲס
Ҷʶ֮£ץסѪɫȫǶӵԪӤʿԼɵʵʵС˫۵ҲԿɽʯǧɽΪƽء
ǣıȫûκЧѪɫסԽԽѪɫץסƺƴҪʲôǺ֮䣬ҰѣΪɢڿ֮С
ľϵѪɫһץһգƺΪա趯ţѰΧĿꡣ
ʲôԪӤʿ׵ɱ
ҶؿһĻɵ𾪡
Ȼֻһʵ׾ͱĨɱսӦԪӤ۷塣Ҫʥ޲ժĻսܸߡ


635 ȡĴ
ҶزǧԶһʯзɿŶԲߣβܲժ
ľϵѪɫʮͷۡ
ԴϴڻԸ棬ʩչ󷨡֮ҶѾûжʱûӵԪӤʿ֮һʵķǰԼ̽ȴѪɫǰ
Ҷظе𾪣һ룬ȴǿԤ顣
ֻҪһ򵥵ƶϣѪٵĿ¡ڻ񼶵Ʒʮ֮ʮ֮¡Ѫɫܹռ²ƷףӦʮϡ
ϧҶصûԳļʵͱĨɱˣܿѪɫƷʵ
ľϵѪ٣ûҵߣڰп˰̣Ѫ⽥ɢȥ²ϣΪ۵ĿήҲʧӰ٣αװɿ״
ҶԶԶĽžľϵĿ٣
ɢɫõȴժ
þľϵ׾ٵɨľΧǧɷΧ
̶ǧɵľ룬Ϊ
ҶؽԼеĹֶΣսԪӤڵĻСͨ׹žеȵȣһ飬벻ͻѪٷɵİ취
ЩֶζԪӤĹֶΣԸ񼶵Ѫ٣Ƥ˲ˡ
ϾӵԪӤ֮һΪʵķɱЩԪӤֶζҲǰ׷ѡ
ҪҶؾʹ뿪Ҳġ
ֻһöڶʱڳԪӤھŲ۷壬ʡӵиΪʱȥɻڴ١ֻҪߣûв䶯ĵġ
Ҫ֪ʿĴ󲿷ʱ䶼ԼΪΪû㹻ʱȥ׼ɽ֮źʧȥͻƵĻᡣ
ò磬Ʒ׵Ҳ˵ȥ
Ҫһ¡
ԪӤֶζԸѪ٣Ǿû񼶵ֶΣϸڵöӣǶڤףǻ񼶵ɱӦܶѪв
Ҷ뵽мᶨ˼ǧһ߿Ÿ֡
ôһСѾָĵķ
һĴ
ֽϸڵǶڤףʶϸƳ
ڤ״żǿĻԣκֱ̱ΪҽʶȥƶҲĵļΪһգ۹ʶļ롣
Ҷزҵøÿڵסڤס
ΪԪӤڵĹܲݸ߽׹ڤ׹ĵȽȻߣڻ񼶵Ĺ𣬵Ѿǿܹʹȥٿڤףʺϲˡ
ڤЩη壬ſڽס
ҶٶȻûһ׼
Ĳٿ֮£ľȥǧɷΧտ֮أͣ񡱵Ķžľϵ
ľٸов䶯ųѪɫâ
һΣѪûƺԥš
Ѫǿʳ޵ѪΪǿʵ
ǹ鲻ͬûѪеֻǸʴԼصʬ
ѪٴϣѪ෴ʬḯʴһֱܣ֪ɱòκκôֻʵ
ҲѪٲԸԭ
ҶؼѾѪٵע⣬ӲʯǱеľĺ࣬ɢΧľľ
ܲЧȫһˡ
ȥ
Ҷһͬʱ򣬳ľѪٷϮ
ͳХȻȺŨҵʬγɵС쫷磬ɳʯľ˹ȥ
ͳƣҲ
ҶԼҲͬʱľȥժ
ֻڻŵĹЧصĹֶΣڤףıӡ
ǧɾ룬ת˲
ѪɫѪɫâɲǼ䱩ǣ趯
쬡쬣
ûΪĵѪޣڰлѪɫӰֱҶغݺݵĳ˹ȥ
ѪɫĹٶȼ죬ԶʤҶغ
ϮѪҲſ޴ڣһڤס
ꡫ
Ѫ޳УʮǷ׷ױѣһ롣ѪһݺݵĻǧ֮⣬޷վ
ѪɫıβҲſǶڤ׻С
Ҷʱٶȿڤ׵ǿ
ڤһմȾѪ٣Ӵĵطȼ
⻯񼶵𣬿ȼһ飬ޱȵѪ٣ʱҲʼһڽڷΪҽ
ѪɫҲûϵڤ趯ѪɫâǣȫڤףͼƿһʱҲû˼ͬڱƽľҶء
Ѫɫʵ£Ҷظ뿿ľ֮ڡ
ǴʱѪɫ⵽ڤ׵شδܷӦҶؿ˾ľ
ҶϾϸѪɫӰһӹǧɿտ֮أһ䣬ժԼһö
öС
Ҷشϲ
쬣
һѪ޾һ㳯˹
ӣ
ҶضԴ׼Ҳ룬ϸڵıӣʶȡ˳˳ȥѪޡ
񼶵ıӱһŨҵıϢѪϡ
ǵٵѪޣɲǼ䱻ǿҵıϢ⣬ֱٶȴٰˡųɡȻɼ죬ѾҶؿԳܵķΧΪȡ˼Ϊʱ䡣
׹ž
ҶȡһöɿˣԶľͬʱһ֣һ޻Ĺž˳ȥΪɴĶƣ
ž
ٶȴѪޣݺݵĴ׹ž
СͨĹػꡱѿѺۣϡ
Ҷ˫ڵ㣬ԽѾǧ֮⣬׹žıɾһ亹ϾͷϵеõĹžȻ
һöžľѪɫԵüΪһѪɨΧǧɵ򣬴ɽʯѡ
Ҷزͣȫʩչ֮䣬ʧڴɽããС
˴ʱѪɫķͣЪ»ΪήľϡľϻкüöѪɫľȥ׷ɱҶءңҲޣû۾ûȣ׷Ҳû׷ĻΧ
ʱһϢӰֳھľǧʯ
Ҷֻˡ
ղӵĴæû˵üߣȻҪߡԪӤǿڶɽɲҡ⣬бӣҲսղŸûʱȥջء
ڴһô£һ뺡Ǳıѣ޷Ҷس֣ſڣڶۿâľЩԶҴš
ʿҪ˳ҲɲзϣûþȡǶ㲻ʲô°Ѻһ¾ǡֻҪû򻵣ⲻ
Ҷؿƣңֽջ޴Уˡ
ҶĿɨһƬǽս
öӣ˿ھľĿյϣɢŨҵıѪɫǱЩɵδȥ
Ҫȡ϶ᾪѪɫЩΣա
Ѿûڤ׺ͱǿֶΣٿľ¾Ҫ͵
õһöܹԪӤŲ۷Ǹһ仯ڤסһö񼶱ӣһԪӤž˵ĴۣЩˡ취ѱȡС
Ҷسš


636 Ů
ҶشԶľӺѪɫٵľ룬жٳɹİա
Ϊժȡľʱ򣬽ӴȥģԵʱӾ͵ھľĸѪɫǳѪɫǳϢɨ֮⡣
ӵ鲨ϢΪǿңȻ˵Ѫɫ٣Ѱ岻ҿʱ䳤ˣѱ߽ӣʱѾࡣ
ȫİ취ʩչ󷨣÷ȥȡرӣһβУԼΣܲܰѱȡҶĥš
ҶشûɨսѰѵĳַλ
ʱͻȻһĿһâ
ǰزԶһδѪ
ڤףնϵѪɫľŰԶѪٹΧıԵش
ѪɫٳǧɣڤնϵĲһɳβԡ೤βԻû꣬˴ԼڵϣҺɫûκϢҶһֱԹȥ
ⲻ֪Ϊʢ֪ܻܲ²ڱӡ
Ҷһ£ٿǰͬͳȥ
һȥȡӡ
һȥȡǽѪ
ھľϵĿٶʱ˹ѪɫӰ׺쳣ٶ֮죬ȫɱȡ
ž
ž
졣
ʱ򱬣Ϊâɢȥ
Ҷظеϲ
ȥȡӵķѪٵĹΧδɣͱ򱬡
һѾʰǽѪʮɣűѪ޸򱬣ľԶҲζţǽȡߵĻᣬֶ˼ɰա
ҶغƻָʩչóȥȡѪ
һڽѪɫĹΧ
ҶģȥĻҳ
յĻͺͺģȫоϢҲ֪ıڤ׸ˣǴڼ״̬
ҶؽУһϸľڡ
һŵڡ
ҶغģǧƷʯڡԭر˴ȻѿһСѿȻ
ˣ
Ҷزɴϲ
ʯѻΧѪȻʶϸ˳
ô˵Ȼһڤ׺һöӣǻһöһѪ٣ûпڤ׺ͱӣ൱ʱҲòϡЧȴͼӰԪӤŲ۷塣
ҶضȡرӣѾûʲôָˡӰ֮ڶ޷˵ȡ
ΪѾ˲ʱ˵ز˾Ҷ΢΢ʰ飬׼ϢǱģһƧȫ֮طȻǵʥʵ˻ϡ
С˴󵨣ȻϹѪҲȥǣ±ôһĵŮӺ
ҶɲǼ͸峹һҲҶ
ʮɴ
Ůӿľ룬ȻǰûκβŮҪȡֱϻס
Ҷһ˲䣬ɫ԰ף׹һ㣬ԺȴһͷطȻǺôġ
һûжӲתͷ
һþ֦ϣ֪ʱһŮӣ㣬ž֮ˣüһ죬һһǡڷ䣬Ǿ֮ò֮ΪˮҲ˿Ϊ
ҶòϣոеһȡǱľòŮӵȻͬ
˿ŮúĿĿҶأЦƺܲ졣
Ҷһʱ伸ת
ŮӣʿǶʿ
ʿʮףԻΪΣһ㶼Եδʾۼףβ֮࣬͡Ժܺñϡ
ǰλòŮӣûκĺۼҪڶɽ磬˭Ҳ˵塣
ҶҲҿ϶Ϊ˵ΪԽߣʻԽơʥޣữηǳףºۼ
ǰǡ
ҶЩֹ
ŮѹϢȫޣϢĳʮɵֶΣôһССԪӤʿƥеġ
ˣŮӾǻھʿԳ֮ΪǰʿȻʥʵܳڣʿͬ
ǱʥĴڡ
ΪѪ٣Ϲ٣ҲǼΪѲ֮ȻʥҲԸ׺ʵ֮ȻҲϹѪ٣ǲ֪ӦǴӶʿɣ
ŮӴҶأ٩Ц
ǣ
Ҷ֪ûҪѣʵص
㲻ؽšΪȻֻ磬ʵñʥ۽硣ǧʥǵһڼʿأֻеͽʿòЧԱʥòѪٿжʳʥͲˡ
ŮӼҶؾԭزöҲ⣬ƮƮȻһ˫ɢĿﲨתҶأǳЦ
ʥ
Ҷزɳһ漴ְһŮӵֵⷬıȽûм֮ǰժһĻҪȻͱˡ
ŮӶҶֻһ޵㣬ֱǼ
δŮкγҶصУȴôŮ̬һʱ崿һʱޣ¶ɬ֮ɫܻӭƻ𡭡֣ɡ
Ȼ
ҶضʱѪӿԺħ׷һ˺һϢ񣬡ҡĹת񣬺òײŽҪ߻ħľѹסƽ
ҶȥȻӰ죬ɫδ䣬ȴκˡ
֮УӵжȻģǺ塣ʿʥоβΪβһ˲䣬ԪӤʿƵò߻ħҲֻкʥȻˡ
ҶһŮӵ
ʱҶѾŻѵͷʥޣʥʵ˵ΪǱ֮ĿǰΪʥвһ㣬Ƽ
ŮӵȻȻɣͶ֮䣬ѾԶǡ֮ɥʧ񣬳Ϊܡ
ľϱżߵˣ¸ղһ£ͱסǡ
ףȻ屾ʥȻ
ŮӼҶ˺һҲһЩ⡣ȻģΪ֮ɱҲûҶô
Ů˵ȴһüĿһȥ
Զߣһɫһţգۼ䣬һڽθݵӣѾƾոڰ֮⣬עּŮӣŭƺһ㡣
ӲδϢһɿµϢɽʮﷶΧ


637 ҵ
Ůһ䣬˲Ϣָֻ漴Ц֣ĺÿ졣Сδ㣬α׷ᣡ
Ҷؼڽӳ֣жʱһɽпࡣڽӣӦþʥôùʥҪ˫⵽ನҲɿɨһΧѾʼ׼
ΪƻʥĿأȻԵʥҪʥʥｻʥտǲҲ֮ء
ʥɫĶźŮӣȴӲѹ˵ûҶһۣҪȡʥȣҶ֮һȲϡ
ŮЦһߵֺôĿǲΣ˵ţɫһת֣Цңʥֲڵģƾʲô㣡ҲһʥСӳѣСǿ˶١ʥ֣һ˽ռΪУȻˣСΪβԼţ
ҶѾ׼ˣ̲סͷһۣʲôʥʥƴ
ֻŮְ׽ϣһöʵ޻Ļҵḡš
öҵκۣܲϸϸܵѺۣƺĳصԶģۼżļµâͻâɫâƻãޡͨӥ
ҵ
ҶĿɿڴʧֱͷĿźŮöҵҲ޷ƿ硣
һɲǼ䣬ļ䳱ˮӿԺ
½سǵһꡣ
ʮ꣬Ϊ˲ɲҩʵӥ£ӥµӥڷһöɫ
ΪöЩĻҵʶڵϸ˺Ե̤;
ʣԵɺϵԵҲûκϣ;жĳɾ͡µҲڣŽڵǡ
һֱףöҵʲôΪλʶڻΪϸ
żҹÿ£ǰ˼⣬ͷ
һٶɽڶߣҶؽϰϸĴڣҲٶ
ڣҵٴγҰڣһ̫ͻȻˡ
ҵʥ
Ҷص
̷֪öҵʥ
ǣȻ֪һʥǲ֪ʲô
Уʥô½һƧɽӥڣ̫̫ɻ޷⿪
ҶػʧȻѹŮѾתӡ
ŮһΣΪһͷɫƤëľβɽּ伱ٷɱХ֮仯Ϊһ⣬ӳʮ֮⡣

ʥŭڿնΪһͷǧɴڣἲٳβ׷ȥ
ֻһŭ䣬˫һģŽ⣬ǧâҫ۵Ĺâڻصҽ¶ȣ·еľβǹȥ
쬣쬡
ƵĽٲһʮﷶΧ
̫𣬴˻൱ڻʿѰԪӤʿմϣ֪
ޱȵĻ꣬ɽּ䣬ʱεض𣬻ǣӿֻ˲Ϣ䣬ɽսޣһ֮·Ϊҽɽ֣ɽڻ
ʥʢŭµһʮﷶΧɲǼΪһҽ֮ء
ã
һз̫죬ҶؿʥٲʱѾܳˣƴʩչٲΧȥ
ǿľҲڽķΧ
ľϵĿήѪ٣ͻȻ趯âǣΪһʮɴѪɫ֣ľסս档
䣡
һˣľɨ˹ȥ
ҶĿɨľѪɫ֣ľɴöӣѪٹֵ档
һ󵨵ͷμ䣬ӣҲȡֱӶ·ĵصס

СΣ𽥽ɢȥ
ӹâΧ̵ҽѾⶳס
ҶǱĴӵص׶˳ͷüëȫǱ˪ɪɪʶϸڣɿӿ
ղžͶľԲɴѪɫֺͱӣܿǵӿʮﷶΧҲֻľ棬ΪѪı
ڣǰѪȫ𣬸Ͼ˼ܵСʿ
һȥѪٱյġƤ洦ɼССð̵İߵ㣬ѪɫâΪЩãȻ趯ţ֪ΪͻȻ⵽ǿĹԪû޷ָ
ʥҪѪǿ֪ܶ࣡ǶٵȽ׵ʥ
Ҷֹһ䣬ѪٻûлѾܳǧ֮⡣
֮ǰʾ֭Ҳû취ȡرӡ
ʥȴ˱ӣɸеЦԷǡ
ҶѡһϢǱбӡ
ֱ⣬Ҷزͣ˿ΧɽѡһСɽ壬ɽʯҴ÷ɽһªʯңȻαװ󷨣ʯڡ
ʯڣֲƣҶŴϸȡϸϸ
͸ҶУɢӯӯϺżΪ˵ľ㣬ţͨ泩
Ҷؾ鵤֪㣬ûиá
ֻڶɽĵ伮˵֮дڣܹʿֱԪӤŲĳǿҩ
һ˵ҩ鵤ܹӳЧ
ɽڿ»û˭֪νɵֻԡ
ҶָΪУһâֽзΪʮݣڵöӴϸڱáװһֻУԷֹʧ
ҶҲٵ飬һָ״СһƬУ⣬еԪ֮С
ڣѸٻΪҺ븹ڡ
Ҷؾķ֣һɺԪ븹ڵȻžתȻɲ¡ԪΪüѨ㻯Ϊâϸڡ
Ҷüͷһƺһæȫתձǵ
ӴԪһСƬУ·ԴԴϵһһĳĵɵļޡģҶֻͶΪܡ
Ҷش󺧣ڵԪȫѹѨڡ
ϸڣҶصԪӤƴӿԪâ
ԭȭͷСԪӤԪȻۿԿüٶ׳󣬴һСȦֻôһ㣬Ҳޣſܳɳ
Ҷɿκ˰ԪУʶ𽥿ʼģʶ֮УþѾʧȥԾĿơ
¼䣬ҶغȻһѹ֪ʲôʱѾʼתһþѹȥ
Ҷһھ󣬲δ߻ħ¾ң΢΢˿а


638 Ѫ
ȹ֮ǰ㾭ѵΣڣԪʼҶе׺󣬱ʼתȫԪ
գҶһСƬ⡣
Ҷػչ˫Ŀ΢âתΪף˺һâʧȥй
ԪӤڶڣ
ԪӤһ㵽ڣһƬ⣬ʹԼ˽һΪʮƬԪӤŲ۷塣ֻϧûɾȣصĺһԪӤڣ
Ҷزɴ
Ϊ̫죬ԪӤ˵δһ¡粻ʵ񶯵ײħ
ҶزٷȹЩʱգԪӤڶľȶС
˵ҲҪµʱ䣬ܷöҪȻֱӱԪ
ʯµĽ󷨣һ˿Ҳ޷йû춯
ҶҲڳȥһ䣬ϸ֮У鿴Ѫٵ״
Ҷ֮ǰѾһس߳Ѫ٣ľ£ҲϧɱóǧƵƷʯѿ
ѪѿѾʮɳڻڿ
ѪʢƼ죬Ѿֿ֦һ֦һöʵ
ǵѪɫģʵͬǵ죬̵Ƥֲڡ
ҶһöٹѪϷɵǰ
һУƿƤ״ĹУõʮöѪٵӡ
Ҷϸ۲һֿ˿Ѫ٣Щԡ
ֻʮ׵ƷףԪӤ
Ѫ٣ѾƷҲֻﵽʮԪӤԶûѪٵĻƷסΪʮױ㵽ˣ޷ƷףʯԳ棬ڲ֣
Ҷغơ
ѴѵʯڣѪ١
ѪٿʼϿûκμ󣬱Ʒס
ǴѪٱƤɫܿϸѪ٣Ѫٵľ޴졣
ѪɫһųѪ⣬ɷ֮ﷶΧϸڵǵɫоѪɷֱӤһ㴿ࡣ
Ҷһʱ䲻еԵʡ
ڣҪĲӡ
ľϵ֮УһֹǡһķȻͬǿȡӵƷʡ֪Ѫٵʩչж󣡡
Ҷʶϸ˳һöѪӣĬš
ǰΪʱ򣬱ùʩչΪ˳֡ΪΪߵ̫죬ӵƷ̫̫ͣһֱûҵʺϵӣԷһֶΡ
˴֮УײѪϹ֣õӣʮƷԪӤڼСͨķɽȻʰ𡮲һֶΡ
Ҷӣ뿪ʯҡ
Ҷ̧ͷȥ磬Ѿǻƻ衣һ۵ͼᣬϷ򣬳ǵǱСΪ˼գ֪ʥʡɽϹֵˣǷǵȥ黹ݡ
㾲֮ɲʲô£Ǳ̫࣬κ죬߽޵Ŀӡ

Ǳ·һ֣ҶͻȻͣ˽ŲԪӤʿıܾԣѾǳ֮ߣΣգ᱾ܵӦ
ǰΣϢ
ҶâһʩչĿɨǰԡ
ޣ
Ҷɨ֮£ͷһݡ
ǰڰ֮УһӰӣײâǱϣεļáصٺã޷ȫס
޸ʿͬͨ䷨ȫ츳ءóޣϢᱩ¶һЩ
ҶһѾжϳ޵ʵһޣʥʥԽСǱϮȫڹĺߡ
ڶ࣬һҲϡ档
ڵõѪ֮ǰҶضٻɵѡ˱ܣͻ
ڣѪ֣Ҷز΢΢¶Ц
ʮҲãʮҲãӦ֮ڡ㶷ʤˣҲߡ
ҶһһââڹһöѪɫӡ

޼Ҷطɵͳ˻һȻ˳Ϊһȷ磬Ҷ˹ȥ
Ҷؽ΢⣬Ѿ޵ģձƣö¶Ȼһޡ

Ҷسˣͬʱһӣâӭ泯˹޴ȥ
Ǳŭһֻââͼâɡ
ž
ââһ±ѿӷǣɲǼ仯ΪһɳѪ٣žƣֱۡȫסʮȦԭء
𣡲㲻塭Ƕʿ
ȻûԤϵͻ䣬סһˤڵ棬ɫŭ˫ƹעץסѪ˺ͼס˺顣žѪٱץһڽڱѡ
ǴʱѪϱѪ̣͡Ѿݺݵ뱪޵Ѫڡ
Ѫʶϵ⣬Ѫ̣Ѫٵľڡ
ѪٶʱѪǣ޲Ƶĸ
ѪԽԽǿԽԽ
޲ҽУۼٶȥѪȫסٶҽҲʧ
СΣѪɢֻʣһ̯ѵİ׹ǡ
Ѫڻ趯ţӵѪɫøΪŨһЩ˼ѪɷϢһ޵ľѪʵԸǿ࣬Լʮҡ
Ҷ˺ɿ⣬ֿһСͨ޷зԶԶĿҵһĻ¶֮ɫ
ʵһֽзĸ˹̶һطԱڹľϵͨû̫ǿĹԣֻڸս
ԭǴòסⱪޣ޷йһٻɱֻû뵽ѪٲֱӰⱪ޸Զ֡
ѪܹվѪ׳Ʒףȷʵǿ£
Ҷ΢΢̾
ҶףľѪ٣Ϊʮϵ٣ʵжô̬ͬʵΪһϣѪ֮£ȫ·һֻԶӴսʤ
ѹǺŮʥҲȥѪ١
ţȴƿɿߵı޵ƿС
Ҷ飬תֱӳǵȥ
ѪѪ٣ջء
ʩչ͸֧ӵɲ֮䣬ȫ貶һȻ󡭡ܿήϾӵҲޣ񳤣Ѿľ޵ľѪҲֲ
һöӣֻʩչһβ⡣
һϣʮѪӺһ׾ûʲô


639 ǵ͹
ҶǵȥʱеĵͼᣬϷλڣǵԼԶԪӤʿ˵ⲢǶԶľ룬еĻִܿܵ
߽޺еڣʥҲûʲô޻ʿڸ߿зУ¶Ŀ֮¡
Ҷֻܴӵȥɽ֡ϿϪǵȥ·ҪңԶĶ࣬ټҪ;ޣʱȻá
֮Ҷزŵִǵ
ǵҶؿ಻ŻȻ׹ΪεͼϻὫ˵š
ڶɽ磬ڸ߽ľ߽ͨ׵Žףǳҩڣ棬񳤵ʮϣвʮϵ޹
ɢζʧ˯ȥ
ʱƮɢۣմȾһ˯ѣֱȥ֮棬ֳû޶Ը⿿
ֲδζŨǻ
ҶظԼӳһ֣֣ζڹ֮⡣
ҶڣĿһ
ϼȻдʬ壬ǧơЩΪ߽׽𵤼ߵʮԪӤ
ЩƬ˪Уʬʴֱӱ顣
ҶزȻ
٣ڶݣƷһ㲻̫ߣʮԪӤڶɽδţҲֻڲҵȺûֲȸ߳λ޻¡
ֻ𵤳ڼûսԪӤʿ֮ɫ䣬̱á
ǰڣһ·ǰУȺʬ塣
Щʬ壬һաʥʡɽϹֵĹֶΣѾǵˣ
Ҷز鿴һЩ棬Ĭţʬ·ǰСʥʡɽϹֵˣԪӤ۷ľʿԪӤڣƥ֮ˣ˵سȺҲκβǡ
ЩʬΪ׷ʥʼˡ
С֮Ҷصִֵ
һǧɿﳤ¾ڣ·ǵڣһף·غͷХҲ֪ǵǺޡ
ǵ´缫ΪңȻԪӤʿҲסΡ
±һʯͨһϿȡ
Ҷפ侲۲һܣδ״̤ʯٱϿȡѾ˲ٵʱ䣬Ĵʥʵˣ·Щæ
һĴǧɳʯڶϿڴ

Ҷط£Ͽںʮ߰ɳʬ壬ɵһ
ʮ༸ͷᶼʮϻޣθʯһǽǰ
ǿ츳Ǳɫ䣬ƤܹΧһ޷ոմʯ⵽޵ͻϮ޿ˣҪôɥҪôգǷǳء
ڣȿڵѾʥʵ˸ʰˡ
Ҷľ֮࣬ɰҡ
һЩ˿ڣѪҺո̣ʱӦòʱ
ҶȻףʥʡɽϹֵǰҪԸǵޣ϶ܶʱ䣬ںһ·׷ٶȻἫ졣ǰߣ׷һС
Ҷ뵽Ͽڼټ

ҶվĴϿڱ½ֿʬ壬㿴ϤԪӤʿӰʥʣɽϹ֣һʲô
Ҷһ֣㾪Ǽˡ
ҶСˣ
ʥʻͷȥҶس֣Щ⡣ǰնʥ·ҶءյһɢҶԪӤڵʵ¼ѻ⼸նЩϧû뵽Ҷֳ֣Щ⡣
λǰ
Ҷطھϣ˹֡
СӲûҲãϷƼþˣϷƶûˣ
ɽϹĮĿҶһۣ֮ǰֵͨʱΪƲÿɱһȺ棬ЪϢһʱָǳʱ䡣
ɽǰ˵Ц
ҶֻܸЦںɽϹֵУȻҲȲϡ
ӰһֱһŹ֣˿̵ɫ
ʲôʱͻԪӤˣ
ʥͻȻЩԾҶصΪƺ֮ǰ࣬ɲ졣
·;ϣⷢ˼ö֪Ϊ˲˼ʱ䡣֮ͻԪӤڶ㣬ǵϹ
Ҷ˵Ȼˣؾᣬֻ˵
Ŷԭˣ
ʥ΢΢˵ͷûϸʡ
ǶԪӤڣԪ⡣ԪӤٶ࣬ǼҲ洦ңֻǴԪӤһԪӤڶ㣬ҲʲôƷܹǲŻȤҪĻǾõ黹ݣȻ뿪硣
ʥǰΪͣڴ˵أǰ
Ҷʵ
ղȥ̽һǰϿһͷϹڳ˯óȻȥܻܿᾪͷϹΪʮ۷壬൱ԪӤ۷壬ȻʥʵҲ޼ˡҵȼβܹȥɣϹˣܳһ
ʥָһǰ͵
ʲôϹޣ
Ҷز졣
һͷϹ꣬ϵޣͲбˣ֮ϵȵ塣ͨͬλʿҪ֣ķˣԶԸҵ֮ܶԸ
ʥʼ򵥵˵һ£ֵ±Գ֣ԴͨѹƴɽѣԱǣƣжѣ»ҪڤףһҶСѣһΧһԷ޿һбҲһͬɱ⣬ҶСѣƸʺͺɽһ«
ȡ黹ݣһȻӦõģ
Ҷ漴ԼƵǧ𣬷«ʥʺͺɽϹ֡ƣƹһԻָȫֳķΧɱ꼫ΪҪ
ʥʰź˵
ϷıԻɱͽλޡȻδܶɱޣǱ
ɽϹҶصһ«ƣԣصĵ˵ͷ
Ҳδİš
Ҫɱ˹ޣȫС
κһˣͷʮ۷꣬¶ȡʤаĿܡ˺мɰա
׵
ʥʷһݣΪһâϿڼȥ
ɽϹֺͻһۣ󣬻ΪâϿȥ
Ҷغ档ԪӤںڣʵԸһͷʮ۷ʵڲƣֻںս


640 ƻʥ黹
ϿȫǻߵĻɫʯûгʲôľʮֺ
ҶβʥʡɽϹ֡ʿϿڼٷǰУоһǿϵвɾȻŨҵϵŴϿȣ˵ش
쬡쬡
ʿӰһ߿ڴ
ⶴߺǳֻжΪʣ⿴һţıڶǹͺͺʯʯҫŻɫâȻϵɵľʯࡣ
һͷſһප֮гߣΪͳĺӴռߡϸһĻӨɫҲ֪ڴ˵س˯˼ǧ꣬Żһĳ
ʽʿȻͬ츳ܣؼ壬ڵµǳ֮У
Ԫܳʿ԰ʼԪǧʼԪ
ԽǸߵ壬ԪԽҲǸߵ壬ܹʥԭܹǧޣȻȽٵޣ׳ɳΪ߽ޡ
Ϊڵĸߵ֮һԪ㣬Ԫ֮졣ֻҪУֻҪؽѣôγޣʥǿԤڵ顣
һͷ꣬Զʿ˵Գ֮Ϊޡ
Сɽһ޴һ˫ͭͫɵͫӳ޳Ӱ˵âڴ˴ϿѾǧ꣬ʮ۷壬ʥֻһв۵޸ơ
ױâһʮɴСʵʵϵ׶ܡĹǵķǶټϵ׶ܡ¾ʥҲ˼ֺ

һɽѣ
Ƭʮϰɼʯ񣬴ӵ̳ʿǹȥ
ʰʥͨ
ʥʱһȫ۹ͣγһɫΣƺɫսס˫һӣĸ޴Ľ֣󲽳˹ȥÿһ̤ڵ棬Ϊأѡ
ƻȴ˲Ϣɾ룬ĵâֱꡣ
֮УҲֻʥʸӲꡣ
䣡
ʥʵķݿһһɫļ׶ܣڹĹϡɫʱҫޱȵĹâ
ӲɣĹֻĸߴСӣȶɴСĹ˵⼸СӺۣ˵Ǻ
ԶԹ۵λԪӤʿɺȻ
ǿɶʥʵʵͺɽϹ֣Ҳ޷Ӳʥʵ
걻ŭһ̧Ƴʥȥ;޴׾ٶȿĲ˼飬һâѾѹȥ
ɽѣ֣
ʥһ޷˹̳꣬ܣӲ
ں󷽰ɴɽϹּ״һзȣǰһָһİɫϢ
ɫϢһꡱУ;ĿҲᣬڹϡӴ󣬲δܿϢϳһɵı˪ȫס
ǺɽϹֻϲصױʯ񣬱ѣѾŭ𣬴صʯΧ
ʥѾջطٶȳȥ
ڲ࣬ȴųֵĻᡣ

ҶغԶţδǰǵΪʵһأȥҲ״˶ãһɥ
һüˣһʱᣬ·ֲʤߣȽȣ黹֮ѾԶˣܲܲɵ
Ҳã
ҶȻͬ⡣ʥѾסǽȵĺʱ
Ͽֻһͨ
ǹ֮Ҳûڴ˵̾ᡣ
˲ñϿ
ϿȴǾڣұڶͣѾ·ߡϿڣδ黹ݵӰӡʵϣͨݶûꡣ
ڤ󷨡Ƭϼأ黹ݾͳϿȵ棬ϼҫ֮أΪβѵ꣬˵ظϹŴʿ֮ʱѾȻͬû黹ݣ
¶ɫ
һʿðżս磬Ϊ黹ݶ
û黹ݣһж׷ˡ
ĬȻЩʧûݣ̧ͷϿͱڡϿϷƮŵʣԼϼ⡣
ڵ̫أ黹ݻ᲻ͱڵϷϼҫ֮أӦþϷпܡ
Ѱ˼һ£˵꣬Ϸȥ
Ҷ΢΢һˣȥ
Ӱ
Ͽȸߴǧɣ촥
ԽߴϷǵϼԽпܾǳ黹ݵĵط
ҶҲ˷
˷ͱڸߴڴϿȵһɽ塣
ط۽ʱ
ɽĺǴϿȣɽǰһƬĴƽԭ
ҶسȥҪҵ黹ݵټ
ɾʱҶصĿɨƽԭһΰľ
ֻƽԭΪңԶ֮һƬľ͹ȺȺƽԭϣư磬ʽڽƺһ㡣γһƬ޴Ӱͷ
ȺΧգкڵ㣬ޡ
磬ʥ޵Ȩͨĵͽޣǲշеġ
Ҷ𺳵˵
վϿɽ壬ߴǧɣѾ֮Сɽ壬Ǿ޵޷ȣϵӲ񷡣Ƭƽԭ룬ߴ²ʮɡ
˵ڣһΰʥĺصأΪƻʥ⣬ѵǻƻʥ
¶Ȼ֮ɫʥʵĵλȻ֪ôһʥû뵽Ȼܹۿ
Ҷظ𺳵Ŀɿڴ˵
ǺŮʥʥἰĻƻʥʥ
ɽΰڳǣռһ޵ΪӴ󣬵ߣ²˳ǵĲǧ֮һĹģ
Ҷ˰ΣŻعƻʥɽʵʼΪңԶҪΪںΰ׳ۣҲ𺳡
黹Ҫ
Ͽɽȥ
ϿһƬʯڣϦҫ֮һƬĹâҫĿľɫϼ⣬ҫȣââһƬԼСĶɫ鶯СݣƬϼ֮Уͱĵط֮
黹ݣԣϼ⡭ôô죡
ҶҪȥͻȻ뵽ʲôȻͣ
ϼȻʹõϼ飬ϼ⣬±ϵϼ⼫Ϊơɫϼ쳣ϼϼⷨ鼫ΪҲǴȡġ
ҶػӦϼ⣬Ѿ׳һ

һɸڵСɽϣϼֵʯڼȥ
ʥ֮Сһţ
Դӱʥʽȥһ֮Ҷػ״οԪӤʮȻʥѾ֪ȡ黹ݵѴ׼


641 ȡ
Ϊһ⣬ֱ¶Ƭɫϼ֮С
׳ٿȥժȡ黹ݡ
ҶһԽĶжɫء
ʶϼϼⷨԾɫϼЩ˽⡣
ɫϼ⣬ܹѪȼɫϼ⣬ָܴѪǡɫϼ⣬Ŀ϶ɫƤľɫϼ⣬жȻɫϼ⣬סɫϼ⣬ʴԾ綾ɫϼ⣬֮޷԰Ρ
ǵԼٶȣɫϼ⡢ɫϼһܣѪ⣬Ȼɫϼӡ
ǳɫϼڣɫһ䡣
һɲǣʶɥʧ˶ĿƣһصȫڣڲʥʵʶûĲٿأȫ¶ȥ˽ɫϼ
ɫϼûκηӦ
ǳɫϼٶһ¼绺ֻԭĲһɡ
ɫϼһ±ϼⶨסȫͣ
ҶصĶʱϼ棬ûκΰ취ȡ黹ݡ޷ȻͨƬϼ¾ʥˣƬϼ⣬Ҳ޲ߡ
¡¡
Ҷüһ
ȻڶȻΪٻǰһһŲ
СʱŴӷɫϼ֮гȥ
ųɫϼףʱ֨֨ð̣⵽Ϊҵĸʴһգ۹ۿףѾһƬʴ˽
ɫϼ綾֮ңһߡ
ٶȼ죬˵ɫϼɫϼ¶СĶ黹ݵĸֳһץץһУȻˡ
ȻǱٷƣԸϵмǿĵֿ˿Ҳ쿸סˡƬɫϼ֮»ΪһƷ
Сʱ֮ð̣ɫϼ⣬顱ڵϣ˫ͫıѾȻʧɫ
׸ʴʮأҪЩϣһˡǱûϣ޷޸ͼֽպҵϣ޲һ¡
ȡһ黹ݣһݸҶأһЩϧҡͷ
ҶΣһ黹ݣ𼸺ϵ
ǶҲɽ¶ϿڣȻʥʡɽϹֵ˺͹궷֮ء
Ͽڴҵĺ
һɫӰһɫӰӣһĹӰΧŹ񹥡
ʥʺͺɽϹ֣ɱ꣬㹥һʱ
ԪӤ۷ʿΧһͷʮ۷Ĺޣ£Ѿѹ޸ɱˡ
ϵޣ׵ķ쳣ֲۻǿ˼㡣
ʥʡɽϹ֡Ѿȥ١ʥʺͺɽϹֶˣ֮ǰҶصһ«ƣҲ֧˼ҵĶ
޷ƣֻܴʱͣЪִޡڤ׹һֱδܿ꣬ĴΧϵƵԶԶ㿪ڤ״ϣٵһܣ޷˼
ʥšʰʥͨҳǰӲƴ֮⣬ͺɽϹֶıȽԶ
ԸðտȥȻ޷˵ꡣ
һһϵδͣЪһϵܣƬʯ䣬ʯ̣κηֹͣļ
Ҷءȡ黹ݣض֮صʱ򣬹Ȼ·磬˿ûаļ
ķ̫ۺ񣬿ٶҲԻɱɽѡѣ黹Ѿ֣ҵ׼뿪˵أ
ʥʼҶغϲĸͻɣ˵
ʥʣѾŭưոݣҵ˳뿪һֱ׷ᣬϿȿ϶ޣϷıֻסһʱ䣡ҪҪסʮϵĹС
ɽϹһϵһ
Ѫ
ҶԶսԲһʶһѾöѪӣΪâ꼤
žžž
öѪӻΧܣ̷ƣǿޱȵܣȻĹٸǿ߽⡣ٽһ޴˹ȥ
Ҷذһңľϵϵǣʮ׵Ĳʮ׵ܡ
ľϵСӣĺã
ɽϹֲɴϲæȴһǱ
ѪһɲǣҲѾ˹꣬Ѫһ棬γһϵľϵصĽ
ϵĽͬʱʹֹǿ
Уð̣ͼֻơ
Ǳγɵıּ쳣ȻִѺۼȴδ飬Ľԭء
ߣ黹ݼȻѾ֣뿪磬㣡
ʥЩȣץסᣬ̳ˣȥ
ɽϹ֣ҶȻҵ
֣սȥģʵôһɵĻɱͷʮ۷ĹꡣķմջСʥʡɽϹˣòٺô
ҶȻЩϧûɱ꣬ס飬Ҳһ¡
ԪӤʿޱȫٷУٶȼ죬Ĺ򣬱ɳ˴Ͽȣǵʯֶȥ
˴Լʮʱ䣬ڵĹ꣬ʯָ̽˺ѣŭ׷ȥɫâ𡣵˿Ҫ׷ʥʵһʿѾǲܡ

ʿ֣˦꣬ϲ
ȻϿһͷӴƽԭķǿҵ𣬼Ͽȷ
ʥ
ǿҺʿǧܾĸо
ϣǳģ
ʥһ֣ˡ黹ݼȻѾ֣뿪磬㣡
ʥʼƵϣʿټǱɽ֮С
Ҷؽʥʵ󣬲ͷһ۴ƽԭƻʥв̾˿ʹʥʵĿǰʵҲԱϧ˶ĵرʵȡ
Ҷҡҡͷȫۡ
Ƭ̺ھǵϿ֮ʱͣ¶Ρ
Ϊ׵һޣɫƤףĿʿ޶
һͣ£˿ֲӴʱסǵϿȣͬʱͭĿɨ·Ͽȡ
ǵϿǹĵ̣Ǹߵ壬иȥǵġ´򶷵ϢϵľϵϵϢһЩĪǶʿʿǱ
ʥüͷʱһ壬ʱһĿ͸Ũҵɱ
ʥͬĻޣжǣδ׻ȥ
ɫҲʱһޣ̹ӳǷҪ´һޣ龳ڶ򣬲һǷǱ磿
Ϊӳʥɫ粻һº˵ءֵʥڵľβʧ٣ӳȥһҪʥʧԡʥŭؽ˶ܻأʥʿһ궼ɱһʿе֮ҵʥʥߣ
䣬ʥһһԶɶȥ


642 ѪΣ
֮
ʿһ·УоյĴçç֣ͨ뿪磬ص
һֱѹĿڵһشʯڰ˿
ڴŵѹ̫˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱʥ
صĲڣѾûпвޡڵʥٻ뿪磬ϡڡ
ʥһѰһȫεɽͣ£ԭشָ
ҶɽϹ֡ʿҲһشָļķ
һڣҶȻ¡
һ·磬ûͣЪ
Щ𶯣һ·ϣѲ߲̽޴ࡣڸʿҲǵգŵѲиĻᣬͨѡ
ҶȻ֪ңΪöƻʥʥҵҲ֪ʥ;βʥȥˡ
֮УȻð˼ķգǿνСõһöΪмõԼľϵѪ٣öصϸҵټĻƻʥ
ʱ֮ʿָĿͶʥϡ
ʥɨһۣ黹ݣλÿһꡣ˲ݾмѵȹ̻֮Чת֮ʱܹʶ
ֺ黹ݣʥʺȻһת˴֮Ѿõݣ֪λкδ㣿ҶСΪǳҪڶɽɽѣԪݼȻѾ֣֪λкǰδ
ʥûȹɽϹ˽ӻֲʱ޶࣬ǰĴ½ȥڤת
ʥ㣬һ˲е⡣
Ȼ֪ʥʵĴ㣬µͷͺɽϹȻЩɺԥһʱ
Ͼתһ˵ֻڴ˵֮УЩ翣ǿûۼǰĪĴ½ǰ;ϲ⣬ʹתؼ֮Ȼ֣Ҳ
Ҷػû뿪ɽĴ㣬Ȼ˵ĬĿ⿴ɨʥʡɽϹֺ͹ˣƺ˼ʲô
ɽѣ˼أ
ʥʿɽϹֵ
ϷԪҲûˣɻٵķҲδ׼ԶɽٸްաɽʧܣɣȥĲһתֻأɵϷʥʣͬȥĴ½ǣ
ɽϹɫԥһ£ջ˾Ц
Ĭ˰Σҡҡͷɬ𣬡Ϊ˶ɽ٣Ѿڻﱸ꣬Ըʹ˹һ񡣿ңһ£δ׵׼ȻѪĻ鵺ﱸɽ֮£һﱸٿǰĴ½ɣ
޶ɻڴ٣Ѷȱͨʿһʧܣɣûκνҿԡðնɽ٣ֱͬȥĴ½ѰתɵĻᣡɵΣҲȹǿࡣ
ʥԣȰ
һ;޷һнǧ꣬һ·𣬼ʹתֻɵͬ˱δؾһ·˳ˣ˵ת޹ˣٲһܷͻƻھ磡ǶɽʵȥĴ½١ʥʺ⣬죬ֻѾضȰ
һ˫Ŀģ仺ᶨ
Ҷüͷһ£ܿɫ糣ȴǸӳĬ
ˣѾҲǿˣ
ʥʼȰٶԣֻЩźϾʵǿһǹޣһǰĴ½תİȻ˼֡
ʼûжԡʥʵһԪʥһġʥپ֮գ֮ʱ϶ҲȥĴ½
һʿԦɽӸ߿ռ뿪ǰѪ뿪磬ҲټɵʲôУҲûסǡ
ڶĴ½Ǽ֮أ;뾭ѪǰĴ½·̣ʿȻһͬС

һ֮
һʿִѪһͣ¡
ҶؼѾѪʥʵ˸ǡ
ҶСѣڶϺᣬշǳɹתޣҲ֪¶ټ䣬ʳ࣬˵з֮
ʥʵ
ʥչ˶ʱ黹ݣȻ϶ӹապڶټʥʳض֮
ҶЦЦֵ
֮Ҷɣʧʡ
ҲʥʡɽϹֶ˸ǡ
ʥʡɽϹ֡С
ն˶٣ҶʧķһۣĿ֮¶һɫâΪһȻ䳯ҶǸȥʧ
֧Ƽᶫɽ۷ʵԪӤʿСӣȡ黹֮ڸɢȥ

ҶɫصļҪγˮѪУٶޡԸʥһȥĴ½Ѫɻڴ٣ʶΣϢ
ûʲôԡ
ܶԶܶԶ
Ҷط֮£ϣһǧɵļˡ
˴ԼƬ̣ҶԶԶĿһ֧ڵʿ飬ԼʮңɫʮǱʿԣвٻˣɫҴңƺڸ·
ս˼ҵʱڣĶɶѪĸɳսѪʿʵѰ
ҶͻȻһȻת֧ʿȥ
֧𵤶鷢һ˵ѹϢͻȻȫٱƽԳ־ɧ׷׼ӭս˺󣬺ܿ
ǷһλԪӤ棬ޣȻ̫š
λǰ֪кԸͷһºü󺺣Լ𵤰˲㣬жЩ䱸֮ɫöʿԭͣ£ɫ֣Ҷ˵
ҶʿһۣĻʵɹ£ִʲô񣿡
ǰҵ˶ԭǱǲǰɳǣǿɳǵķءû뵽·һɺޣ鱻ɢһµʿ׼Ƶǰɳǡ
ǽºüҲԲĺܣ֪ҶصϸԼڵɹǰλԪӤ棬ֻұ˵š
ŶԭԮɳǡҿǶأзͨɫӵķܸ嶷ûиõķ𣿡
Ҷسţѯʵ
ȶͨ𵤵ӣΪڽ塢߲֮䣬ֻΪԸһЩΪ𵤰˲㣬ƽʯִ࣬ȻûϺõķ֮ǰһɺޣʧ˲ٷ
ºüЩΣӡ
ڵͽʿǣ׷ɧһͷλԪӤ治ǰɣҪûкõķеķҪôҪôͽףҲĺûɫ
λҶɽ֮ɲΪӣ֮֡ˣһЩʿõĸ߽׷кüԪҲòˣڴҰɣ
ҶˬʵЦЦһ䴢̷ɳʮâķɽ֮࣬ĿҲƷڽʿȥ
ЩǰѪսɱʱģҲûʲôôһֱڴڡ
ڸͬʱɫʶͷЩ١ϴһ飬ԭ˵ϢȫĨȥԼеķϢЩʿʵĨȥµϢ


643 ׷ɱ
֧ڸո޳Ľ𵤶飬ͻȻҶеõЩ߽׷Ԫʱˣ¶ŵɫ
ڽʿÿõһҶصķУŸžȻĺԼϣǺһŻعޱȣһ󼤶˷ܵĻ
лʹͣ
ôô˼ǰմСȻţҲҪǰݶ鰡СھԸΪǰǰЧȮ֪֮ͣǰܷݣ
ЩʿǼмʿݵҪͶҶء
Ҷظǵ߽׷ԪʵҲ㼫ƷЩɶǰ͵İЩȵĽʿ˵ֱѩܹ̿Ƕɵս
λ˴ؿ㣬ƺʩܸǺô࣡
д󲿷ֽʿ鼤ʮָм
ȻмϳɵʿвҶⷬͻġ͡ĿģҶزδκβľٶҲ˵ʲô
һҪ£λѱأ
Ҷذ˰֣Ȼû˵Ĵ㣬˵꣬Ҫȥ
ɾʱͻȻ뵽ʲôҪ£ͷڽʿѽˣ˸һ飡ҴӶѪ;ޣҲ֪ǻ᲻ᳯ߹֧ʮĶ̫࣬һϣ϶⵽ϮȫӸ³ҿΪ˵СӣͷƵǰɳǣЩ⵽ϮҲȫӸ³
Ҷػ˵ֱ꣬ͣΪһâϷٶȥ
ڽʿԣɷַ׷¶֮ɫҪǻֽűɫ԰ʧѪ
ޡҪ
ļٵģλǰŻҵȰɣ
ɫҴҵӣҲ뿪ޣ⻹ܼٵˣǻʲôϽɣ
ҵһȺ߽޶Ҫ˵µĻˡһޣҲȫʿɾ
ӦòŻҵȣλѶһӷֿͬ뿪˵أ֮󵽺ɳǻϡ˴ܻܲɣ
ͷĽºü󺺣šüͷɫ쳣ѿջҧ˾
ʿ׷׵ͷΪʮСӣһˣһԦͬɢȫٲֻ
ǶʵµޣʿٵʵЩ˶áĿС˵ƲˣĶ׷ɱŹˡ

ҶؼԦɽںϷУԼųϢѹԼŵϢкڲࡣٶҲЩкʿ١
Ҷؽҧ·׵촽оһɭĹϢӼԶٱƽ̵ʹϸë
ղΪǶӽʿһС
ôһС򣬹׷ˡ
ҶزɴԽ
ԭѪɴ٣Ѿвæʥʸǣ뿪ȻǰŲߣûеƬʱ䣬űֱ׷Ҫıӡ
Щʿʵ̫ܻоϢ
ҶΪԪӤʿȴޱȵĲǹڲϵıƽ
ٶ̫ˡ
ԪӤŲ۷޵ķٶȣȻԪӤڶʿȵġ
ڣǶӽʿѾõľ棬ЯմȾϢķΪʮ֧СӲ̶ֻӡƬϣܹʮ顣ʮķϢ
ܲܽǵѹȫڴһˣ
Ҷзɿļһ顣
ٶҪ׷һӣףֻʮĹʮȫ׷һ飬ҪʱϾҪ׷Ķ飬ԽԽѣʱӺܶࡣ
ʱ䣬ֻʣʮмʱ
Ҷӣȴ¶Ц
Ļᡣ
ȫ׷һʿʲôʱ׷
ʵڵùֱ׷Ļֻʩչ󷨣
󷨼Ϊķ˲ȥ֮ķĹͷķǣһÿҪƣҲδü䷨
򲻵ѣӡ
᲻ðǴӱƯϡ鱦ɽҲδҳڶöˡϸڱʯڻֲ߽׵Ļƽ޹ʶʹ

ԶĺϣһźɫٷС
֮ǰΪȡ黹ݣ֦ʥʣҲΪ˱ɽϹֲֺ⻯ڵıӣһֱδ֡
˿̣ȥˡ
һҪöҶߵıӣɻĺĻ񼶹ɻڴ١ɱҶأйЩͷ֮ޡ
Ź֮Уĺ֣ƣͻȻһĹâأϢôͻȻôֳ࣬ʮɣѵ󷨲ɣ
ֻԥһɲǣ㳯һϢ׷ȥ
ǲǷֻҪ׷ȥһ֪
쬣
Źһţסһɽâ
ǰɱСˣ
ǵɽâվһڵʿ뵽һǿԪӤڹ޺ճֽסսŵü̱ڷɽϣɽԦסҪ׹ºȥ
ɢҶطϢģʿµһ߽׷ɽ
ɶ񣡡
һҶأĿжʱð𣬼̣ǽʿһӺۣ֮Ȼ˳һֻɰ׹ɭɭĹצһѽǽʿͬɽһץסŨŨĹ֮У꼸£ɽѣѪʬȫޣɢ
ʶŭĳ˷Χɨȥ
ϻʮҶصķϢھɢ
ΪޣΪУŶĲ̽
׵ֳͷ
ǣڽĲ̽
ԶĻʮ޷в̽
ֻܲ̽ϢҪֱһϢҶرµģһϢҶطϷģΪѡֱܷ淨Ϣǿ޷ֳҶػڷϵϢ
һϢСӣǾ׷ԶһϢСӶԶ
Ϊһâں϶ȻʧһϢ׷ȥ
ʮϢ֮׷һСʿ
ǽٶʧӵԶһֻĽʿ
ʧ
ɶȥɣ
Ź̼佫Ǽȫֽȥҽû
ŭ֮࣬ʶɨԲǧﺣ棬Ҫ׷ϢȴԥסˡСӼȲһϢҲԶǿһϢǽթı
׷Ҫ鷳ÿ׷һΣķѵʱ佫ҪӼһ


644 ԪӤĲ
ҶرŽʿٶȣںͿռɡ
Ĺ׷ʿȥˣҶһûôù׷Ҫ鷳ˡ
ںϷ˴ԼСʱһɹͻȻʼǿңķ׷һüȻ٣ԪӤʿݡ
ֻȡСʱ
ľ벢ȫԪӤ۷ʿҪ׷ԪӤʿǿġ
Ҷͷֱɡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻǰǧ⣬һƬΪұķϢ΢΢һӦ¶ϲ֮ɫɽһۣͷǴϢ֮أȥ
ܿ죬ҶرԶսĺ棬ʿȺȺһսս
ֻոߴԪӤʿͬӴ޻ƴҫĿķɽϵŷʮɫıը
ϣڶĽʿںݡ޼
棬ѾȾһƬѪ죬Ʈ֧ĸʬ
ǧĺϣʿɱսһƬսǧʿķԼΪӴޡ޵˫ɱϢΪңԱ
˹ģĴսѪ
Ҷؼ״ϲԦɽһţֱҵսڡ
ʿѪս֮УһʱҲ
Ҷػ켣ڶʿȺУսϿĴߣż߽޺ʿ̶ֳֹһСɱ˲ʮͷ߽ޣòٽʿѹ
սĴߣڶϢ֯һµϢױ㱻ڸǣ׷١
Ҷս»ҵϢĲ̽׷٣СƬ֮ϢȻս
ʿϲɳǸսԱսĵطԲ֮ڱɳǡ
Ҷڸһ޵ϣҵɳǡɳǵĻҲѾǳػС
ɳǣ
Ҷسɳ⣬ɳǳʯϵĴ֣Щ졣
ԭ˶µĺɳɳǣ֮ǰǶӽʿԮġ
ɳɳǵĳŴŵһλԪӤʿ⻹һŶʮ𵤸߽ʿ˲ÿһʿرɭϡŵʿΪڶʿڳͷϡ
һɳǣԪӤʿƼʿ֮ڡʱɳʿںƴսʿսֻһسǵʿڳڡ
⣬ֻľȱʿ˵ʿŻսϷسڣж
ʲôˣɳսڼ䣬κ˲սسǳأ޹ʷǣ۴ԪӤʿҲ⣡¿ǵ
ŵǸԪӤӣɫߴȵ
˿䳤Ҷأǰɳ˽ս
Ҷóһö˿䳤ƣ
ԭҶϣǣ
ԪӤ߳һû뵽ҶԪӤΪѾ˵Ŀ䳤ϡɫɻһ֣ʿǣС
˿䳤ϵȨƼǲκһλĵ䳤٣ΪҪսʣԪӤ֮࣬ǿ䳤ṩκһλԸԿ䳤ϿԲֱսҲû˸˵ʲô⣬䳤ϻͳսŽɱԪӤɱ񵥣սŷǳؼá
ڶسǵĽʿĿ£ҶشӳŴ򿪵ͨڡ
ҶؽɳǣΣգųװٵĹ׷ɱ
ںɳڣǷǳȫģ޴ϮҲơ
һ·׷ٹҲ׷⣬̾޷вǲɳǵġ
ҶлһֽȸС
ԪӤڶʿ̫ˡǿԪӤʿǲơ
ȥ֮۽󿪡ʥޣֱһǿ֮ɨ޵С

ҶںɳһլԺ䣬Ҳģֱӱչ
ӴȡƬ⣬ã˹գǿΪ
һƬ⣬ԪתΪԪԪֻʱ䡣Ϊ˱Ϊ̫죬߻ħ;Ϣʮ죬ٷõڶƬ⡣
չضʮգҶسԪӤ㾳硣
Լһ֮ҶشռΪӴԪͻԪӤ㣬ǿг嵽ԪӤĲ㡣
ȻҶġȶ缫кô߻ħǳ̫ͣвʱֻ󣬱ꡢŭջֲԤס
ٳˣ뻨һʱ䣬һȾ磬ٷǿгȥҪ߻ħ
ԪӤڣҶͣ
ٶȣֱţڶɽڼûڡͨԪӤʿҪãΪ磬Ҷֻ˶̶һ¡
ҶʮԼζʲô
ҪǴȥҪɽȻ󲨡
ֻҪ΢еͷԵʿ뵽Ҳֻд˵еǿЧãһԪӤʿֱϡ
һϢȥѪԤϺĶȷѪꡣʿܱͬ
ڶɽڣеԪӤʿ˭ҪħͷиС죬ûвĵġ
ֻҪһö嵽ԪӤ۷壬ܽʡ޵ʱ䣬ȥ׼Ȼ٣ͻƻȫڴġڵջ˭̵סģ
ҶҡͷЦ
ΪһѾԤϣԼԱ⽫ʸ֮ġʥʡɽϹֵ˶ԪӤ۷ʿǲζűĶԪӤʿ⡣
ԪӤʿĿ⽫Ķϣڻ
ԼֻһöѾˣҲûκáڶԪӤʿ׷ʣǴõģ
˵ǴɼġԪӤʿôǲŵġһԪӤʿôܻŽ磬ɵܻų
κνͣʿǿɣԵò԰
ԼҪӦĶ֣˹֮⣬пǶڶԪӤʿڱ֪֮ǰԼսУҪȻ룡
Ҷطɿ콫Լעսʵϡ
Ϊ嵽ԪӤŲ۷壬ֻǼʱ⡣
սѾԵĲ㣬Ϊıٶȡ
ӵеǿֶΣֻѪӡһԪӤڵһСͨ޷кһʮ׵ĴսʵԸԪӤʿʮȡʤǿʿһ·ֻб׷ɱķݣ
ͷõֶβֻ࣬СϽİ󣡽˱СͨƳʱڴս
ҶѰ˼һ
ԪӤʿ˱СͨɽԸͬλԪӤʿܹѹŶԷ򡣾һԪӤʿҲʤϣ
ðԸĻ
Ҷ룬εҡҡͷǸе
ʵɲ⣬ѰԪӤʿɱȡڤ׸ʮ׹𣬻ڵֶΡ°˱СͨɽҲκβ˹


645 ׷Ĺ
Ҷ뵽Ѿ˾
ȰѰ˱СͨɽɡϽһװ󡣾һʱ仹Ը˹ҲڶʱڴսԪӤʿ֮һϯ֮ء
һԼĴ
Щ꣬ʵҲռ˲ϡĿϣϵԭϺСϵԭϣ׼֮áֻЩǳƷױȽϵ͡
ûϵ
ĽгĹЧͽԭʮƷϵĸ߽׿㹻Сͨɽ֮á
ʮƷϵĿʯϣܹʮ׷ɽ
ʮϷɽСͨķɽʵͬƷ׵ķɽǷ޵ӡڽڣʹ֮Ϊ飬ܹʩչ츳ͨûзӡķͨӡСͨ
Ҷزϡ
Ψһĵģ顣
ҪƳһϵȵСͨɽ鼸žԵáеû츳ͨǷӡڣҲ޷ʩչͨͨʮϷɽ𲻴еͨôɽͨһֻҵӵмǿͨ飬ϵȵСͨɽ
ƿУѾٵ顣
вǺɽϹɱģץ飬ﻻһЩǧơ
ɱġ
Щ鼸ȫǽľˮϵ飬Դѡʺϵ飬Ϊзɽ顣
ǻȱ˱硢ϵԵ飬ϵ޼Ϊʵǿ
Ҷлûϵ顣
Ҫ󣬱ϵҲõУ
ҶѰ˼ţôռȫʣµ顣
취޷Ǿô֡
һֱڷϣ߼۹顣
һսսϵڶ࣬лϵޣȥɱ޶ȡ顣
⻹УѰҵʿ޵ټʵ㣬ͬʿһǰɱżȻ̫󣬵ʿϵѾӰ
飬Ȼ죬İ취
Ҷţ˱չң뿪СԺɳǵķУĴ䣬ûеͽ׿Ϻ顣
ʱɳǣֵΪ
ڽ̷ֱ̯߰ǣԼĻ
Ҷ˰̷̯֪ԭչصһ£ɳͺ޳⵽ӭͷʹѾǰˡ˳ǵսʤԡѪսʿǣ׷׷غɳǡ
ս󣬳ǧĽʿԪӤʿǼಹԼ޲ķ
սһ̷ͣ㼱æӶɳǷӵŴ鵤ơҩȵȣɳ
ͬʱʿսϻõ޲ϣҲ̷̯߰ۡԴ˿̵ĺɳڣ洦ɼɫ飬Ƥǲϵȵȣ˵õޡ
Ҷмľϲ
һľ߹ģսԪӤʿܹɱ硢ϵ飬ϳۡÿһң

ҶһͳԪӤĲ㣬Ϊư󣬶ڳѰġ
ҲһֱѰҶص䡣
Ҷеöӣϵ٣Ҫ׷ʹ뿪Ǹܵġ
ҶسսսϵĻϢ˹׷٣ùһʱ֡սѰ˼ãʼû̽Ҷصȥ
ɵĿ⣬ս֮ĺɳϡ
ҶҪ׷ɱõİ취ǽɳڣȥɳдֱܹӴ͵ȥ
صһ룬Ҳѡ밲ȫɳǡǶأߣǳ㡣
쬣
һһţŴƬ㿵Ӱӣںɳɳ
նɭĿ⣬ǰľ߹ģɳǡ
ʱɳǵĻѾδʯϮƽǲֵܿġ
ʶֱӺɨɳǣ̽鵽ڵ
ȻۼʿɳڣֱҳҶصĿԼСǳʶѰ
פڳ⣬ɭĿ⣬ʶ޼ɵĲ̽˳ʿľ
޽ƽɳǣºηޣΪڳӣ𣡣ǶʿķϣδԹ޷뿪򲻿ˣ
ŵһλԪӤʿߣɫȡ
أǹޣʲôӹ
̵ģٿӰ㿳ˣĪһԵүз
سǵڽǣ׷׷ųɽеȷ
ΪʿӹޡԪӤڵĹޣҲûжپηҪ֪ɳǣسӱԪӤʿڵԪӤʿߣ˭һް
ڽȻȥȴ㹻ĵӣڳſƿڴԪӤ޵Ļᣬɲÿʹ졣
Ŷһ
ҲδĿɨȺ֪ʿһ
ڻ̾꣬ۼڶޣԺšӵлڤףѪռƬһԪӤʿɱȡƬѪϣֻʥʵĻʰʥͨڤ׶ղ͸ԹСǺɽϹ֣мּɵ
ͨԪӤʿ
ֻǲԸ£ҲȷҶǷڳڣͣڳ⣬ʶ̽ڵҶڳڣͳȥ׷ɱˣЩɳǵĿ
УҲֻзһԪӤʿŻᰲſسšŵԪӤߣȽʿǿ١
ĪҺɳʿ
ٴȡ
Ŷԭǽкɳǣ
ƺЩȻע⵽ɳǵ֡С죬ûע⵽С顣
㡫дд
ԪӤԸо˹ӺͲмһˣʱĴŭδ˿ĹޣȻΪȻܵɳ⣬ӶԪӤʿ
ԪӤŭŭȴҲû׳ɱȥ
Ҳ޵ĹˣԪӤڵĹޣʵ൱ǿ޵ʵҪͬʿҪǿ࣬⼸ǹϵġԪӤڶѣ˺üΣȥ࣬Բ
ҲֻáΪ߹ʿĵӡǰϹǱָ
Ļҳȥʵѵ޷ι޼ɵڳ̽ɳǣĿ֮£ѣϲһƬ죬ϼΪѿ
쬡쬣
ܿ죬ʮԪӤʿӰθ죬׷ڳŴɳţԼǽԪӤʿǳԪӤʿִ˵жʶ޼ɵĲ̽ǳأŷ׷׸Ϲ
ɳǲԪӤʿϹҲϼգ۵顣
ôǹޣ
ʿüͷ
޷ˣʲôѵ֪˶Ͻɳ𣬳ʿֹǧ
ɱ
ðɣøѪĹ޷ͻѪͶ壬Ŵս
ߣôʲôȻѪĹޣǹƣѵͷڹ겻ɣǾͲܹˣߣλѣ˭ƶȥɱ
ŵԪӤߣڶ֧ͬԮʱϲ


646 
سǵԪӤʿҲǳصģĻһɳŰ衣
ԪӤӵĴ֮£߰ΪߵԪӤڡʿӳڷ˳׳ԷԸǵΪȹ˺ü㣬ΧҲˡ
вԪӤʿδ֣ҪôΪ˼˽ҪôڼݲΧ
λѣɱ˴˹ޣ
ҺɳʿɫƣҲ֪˶ĵ̣һ޿Է֮أ
ԪӤʿһΧʮԪСͨйҫĿʱƱˡ
ڳŴڽǣ԰ټƴҴҸΧ۵ʿʱ˷ܣȷԪӤʿ֮Ķ̫ң²ٽʿҪϼˡ
ûɱȣȾȻǱ
߰ԪӤʿΧŭЦ
ͻȻںڵĹצצƮŶĺڵڤ棬ȻΧԪӤʿĳڤٶȼ죬һţԪӤʿȥ
һ֣Ǳɱﵡ
ʮһҪɳǵʿǲܵġҪһסȺޣʿΪҲں˷Ѽڤˡ
ΧԪӤʿ֪ڤ׵ֻΪͨĹԻ֡ȥֵֵܵסڤһմȾϣݿӿ
ã
ܿ˻մã
ʱԪӤʿĻֱմڤմȾ˲ϢձȫޱȵĲҽУ
Ŀ֮£мԪӤʿڤ׸ɣԪһͬΪҽ
һգۼĹ߰ԪӤʿڵĹƻûü⵽߽תһļˣĲ̶ֻӣƴɳǼˣֻܻ
ɳſʿڶΧ۵ԪӤʿʿѾһƬѻȸѾû˻ڣһȻĿ⾪˵һĻĿгηͿֻš
˲ɱԪӤʿֻжΧԪӤʿһӻҪǿʵ
ԭΪһȺԪӤʿȥʰһӦû⡣û뵽һҰܣȻһôԪӤʿ
ޣǺηʿô
ѣ㿴Ǻã
ʱڳͷԪӤʿѾʮ֮ࡣ
УʵԪӤʿһ˹ҲԸͷ
޴ϷܵЩѫԪӤɱ񡣿Ǹ޴򣬳ʵ⣬ܵõʲô˿ɲô
ǣȻǲϧɱޣ˹ǹҲòð
ϴǣЩʿ²Ǵ˹޵Ķ֣
ֻ費ǱˡҪڳţŰɣ
ɳſڵʿԽԽ࣬۷׷סǸղһĻµĳʿȻһҲǰ
ڳ⣬Ƶƺղŵĳֲֵһᡣ
ʶ޼ɵĺɨɳǣÿһֵƬÿһլԺϸѰҶصټµķϢʿǧϢΪңϸпҵ
˵صԪӤʿûֻ뾡ҵҶأᵽҶشߵıӡ
нǡ
û̫ʱԵˣһ꣬꣬ޱ
ʱԽԽ٣رӣɻ񼶹ɽͻƻھ˼ҲԽС
ɱµԪӤʿɱһɱɱһȺҲɱҪȻ붫ɽǿΪУΣ

˵ûһޣȻɱ˼ԪӤʿˣŵôҴȥң
ʲô׵飿
⻹м٣һĻģ˵ٶˡ˵ǹ޵ʵ±˶Ҫ
һλǿޣɱԪӤʿϢٶȴɳɳǡ
Ϣںţš
ǹڻڳſڣǹȥ
㲻
ʲôôԪӤڡҪҲֲǼʿߣȥĹޣǿ
ڵʿɧԪӤʿ׷ǰŴ鿴дʿȥ֡
ҶڽֵĹţܲѰҵ޵飬ֵʿ˵ϢȻ
ںɳǱչһ£ôû뿪׷˺ɳǣ
Ҷ֮䣬ͻȻеһë
һǿʶɨϡ
Ҷ̾ǹʶ
ʱһɭĮ޸Ӷŷ򣬺¡¡Ĵɳǡ
ҶСӣ֪ڳڣֻɱˣ
ֻҪｻһ
ǸɭƵڳлص
Ҷεҡҡͷ겻ɢ˵ţȴЩǿᣬȻȻӺɳʿвɱɳڡ
ǲȥģܽӡֻһö׼պһڵķɻڴ١
ҶҲŹɱɳ
ڳڣֻҪȥҲκβ
Ҫڴ˳ռһ޵顣ѾԪӤʿܹڼ̵ʱڳԪӤ۷塣һԪӤ۷壬հ󣬵ʱ򣬹Ҳв
ҺɳڻкüҪǲˣֱӴȥɳǡѵҪһɳһɳ׷ɱȥǹҲǸ顣
ȻɳǴ⣬ǾŰɡ
Ҷš
ڳǿյĻ飬ҶκλӦ
ڶԪӤʿͽʿв֮׹ǿ׵Ĺԭ׷һҶʿҪĳƷ
ûеõӦڳȥ
һʿû˶ΪҪ뿪
ͻȻըһɭǣԪӤ۷ѹڽŵĹȻγһĺɫɳڡ
֮Уһ⣬֮ɨһУ޿ɵֵ
ĹֱָҶڵĽֵ
ã޳ˣ
ˣ
죬ֹǣ
ɱ˶ԪӤʿɱ˴˹ʿɱɳң
ŷʱҡ
ɳǵĻֲδԪӤʿҲΪһ޾Ͱѻִ򿪣һʱȻ޼ӴĹˡ
ôҲ벻ǹ޾Ȼһ֮ҹɳڣɱɳڵʿ
ڵԪӤʿǱ׼ŭ׷׳ŹΧȥڣǾ㲻붯֣Ҳ붯ˡɳҪط⵽ƻٵĽ˵ͷ
Χ۵Ľʿ׷ķΧǺ
֮ͽ׽ʿֱӻΪݹǣ׹ݣðź
ҶԶԶŹǣɱһƬɫɼá
ţŭ
Ȼǣ
ŭѸٳɳֵתƣܿķâʮ㹻ĵطù׷ɱʵֹǣȥҲ


647 ּ
УҶصŭ⣬ܿȴ
ҶҲûϵΪ׷ɱȡӣȻ׺̶ȣǿɱɳڡ
˶ϽµĺɳǴɱ䣬ȡ·ΪС˵һޣʥڴˣҲҺԡ
Ҷؼȼ죬ڳڼ
˼תԼһٶĿ͸¶ű⣬һ˿ɱ⡣
Ȼʵȥǿ֮ȴĶɽ޵дڡ
෴ģֻڤ׵Ĺǿķô
ҶԹʥʡɽϹ֡Χʱ򣬱㿴һֻʥʸҳǰӲƴɽϹҲżȥΨʼոҿǧ֮ڣֻԶꡣ
һսУȱ㱩¶ɣǾǣױɱȻˣֻӦ߽ʿ˵ױɱԵͽʿǿһͿ
Ҷصʵ̫û취вȻҲûɱ֮˼
ɱʿ϶ԪӤʿı˵ʵһʹǹŭˣҲ·һ
Ҷ֮ǰΪʿ޹ŭ⣬ѾΪУɱ֮ȴԽŨ
ʵ֮ʱҶر㿼ǹҪҪӴȥɳǣܿ
˼֮ѡڳڡ
͹֮䣬վҪһ˶ϣһֱݡ
׷ɱҲĶʿΪС֮˭õ˭ҲƽϹ׷ɱ֮𣬹ǶɴٻתޣٺǣϡγԹʹȥǷ
Ҫ׷ɱӣǾɣ
һԪӤڣѵǵɣ
Ĳǽֻ
Ҷɱ˹ͬΪնùɳǵӣ˶ϵɱײ󻼡
ɳǣɲǷźÿİ裬˶ϵʵɳصءҪɱףҪӳȥͿмܻˣ
ҿ˶ϵԪӤʿȡԹң
ҶĿɷ
ʥ׷ɱҲնʥʵͨʵڳɱɱҲ⡣ðգֱˣжԶܶԶ
ǹ࣬ݽˣδؾܻųȥǲһᡣ
ɳǹģĴʮ
ʵǿԪӤʿŭ϶ƵöϵһЩǿԪӤʿ֡

ںɳǶһңҶؼת֮ʱ
ڣѾвҫĿ⣬ӳڵ򶫳šаͲסԪӤʿȥع
ҶزЩʿϢ΢΢
оǿԪӤʿϢŷȥҲ֪һ·ʿ
˭ǶǣסҶضԣһ
ҶزͣԭأȴǷתǼԪӤʿܷ赲תƵط١
Ҷ㣬һ֮ͣʱȴֵֶһСȺʮԪӤʿӭЦ̸
ǹ޵ƣӦԪӤ۷ʵȻɱˣ˶ϵûһԪӤڹ޶Ըˣ
Ůӵ
֪ǰոմһģսЩʵԪӤʿæȥˡֻһЩسǵԪӤʿɳǣЩʿʵ²ǹ޵Ķ֡ǹ޹ǳᣬɱҲЩСʿǰˡ
һòӢӥǣһ˿ӣŲæĽ͵⣬ҵոѾ˹ȥǹޣ̼飡Ӽʶʶǹ޳˸ʲôģŰ裬ɼݣ
ǿ˵ˣסǹޣҿǹ޳ʲôģ
һȺԪӤʿмģһӣװľŮӣһһ֮䣬¶žǳǳһЦɲǼضţΪ֮ݡ
ľɫӣɫȺһҲڡ
ԺɳڵһΪ棬ʱѯʡ
ŮӵΧʮӢӣԪӤʿ
ɫŮһ֣֮˽ֵʿĿ⡣˵ĿⶼԼͬͶϣԪӤʿǽʿ
Ůӵһɲǣʲô߰ĶȫԺŮڣ˭ǵĶ
ֵ·ϣٽʿ㣬һ֮°ѳֲס¶ԡ֮ɫĿ俴ŮΧһȺԪӤʿʱһ亹׷׻æ˱ܿа֮ġ
һȺԪӤʿ̫ǿˡ
ΪǵΪжߣǴӹɢĽֻ֮жɹϵӣɽźʿ߾µİԶĿ콾
ֻҪһѹգɹʶ֪ǵļжôԺգ̨жôǿӲһɫԶĴɹ
ȻԪӤʿһȺˣҲԾüʶȤ˱ÿ·Ըǡ
죬ĿĽȻǡ
Ůӣһ˵ĹâΧȺɹС콾ǵĹâڸǹȥ
Щɥʧ˹âԪӤʿȴ˿Ϊ⣬ɫŮΧϣܵõлһ׷
ɫŮӱʿǹ°ΧţǵֺȻСֺãʱ¶Ц߳һȻСЩõӣʱ˼Ѫһֵĸ
ҶֻŮһۣʱ׻һ㣬ÿһ缡ⶼţԭأһ¶Եüѡ
ô뿪磬ɳǣ
Ҷһ֮ɫһǿѹ𾪣Լ
ʥȻҲη壬׼šⶫɽһʥ֮жĴڣûκ׼
ŮӲǱˣмһľβʥ
ʥλꡣ
Ҷ˵βʥʮ׻ʮĽףһġ
β͵˻ƻʥʥҵӦǴܳˡԣʥһֱ׷ɱʥѵҲ˶
ҶֻԼ˿˿ˡ
ûβʥ֮ءӳ磬ҲΪ档Ͼʥʵһˣܰȫ룬ʥҪ뿪磬Ҳ¡
ֻƫƫʥҲ˺ɳСʥҲ˵ز̫Զ
ҶһƬңʥ֣ɳڻᷢʲôѾԤϵˡǹʥֻһһ
ֻ뿪Ӵ󾡿뿪ɳǣֱӴͻصȥһ·׷ɱҲûҪ뿪ѪӦûѪȫһЩ
ǽɫŮŽֵϵÿһطһƳÿҪֵȺеҶء
ף
¶Ȼ֮ɫȻû뵽ҶأڼһΪȤĵͽСʿɿЦλӣԴϴһСŮӻδü̹ϣ
ǰӣ
ҶʥסԼϽӲнп࣬ѵֹסŲ֣ǰֻûڣعæӡʥɳڣһȺԪӤʿһ𣬿϶ǼٳƶʿŵԽڵġ
ҶؿɲҶ˵ʲôԶʧ
ʥҶͦʶȤɽһЦ˵Ķˡ
ֵʿסΪ֮ҡ
ΧʮԪӤʿȫôˣǵȴǷŭʵļҪðǰòʲô·ȻʸӼǹϣǾ̵ģ


648 н
ĸϵɹʿΪ
ҵȴδµ棬˶ϵɹʿȥһµ
Ѫսңϵʿս޹ʲ뿪ǰս㲻ԼɳǴţΪҺɳǣμĶ֮ǲֻܽȥһˡ
Ҷػûü˵ʲôʥļԪӤʿѾ׷׻ĿҶأĻʡ
ҶԪӤĲʿһȺԪӤʿ߳һأǻûҶط
ڽʿУԪӤǶǸ߸ϣλߡԪӤʿײڣҲϸĵȽ֮֡һԪӤʿɽĵλһʵҲҪԼûǿʵûǿǼ޵λԡ
ҶֻԪӤΪԪӤײл̸϶ǿʵ϶ҲԺա
Ⱥ˶ϵɹĵϵԪӤʿԼ츳ߣҼӲڶϵˣȻҶһʿ
ҶԲ΢΢üɨһЩʿ
ԪӤʿһھҧμɣҪҽ
˱ϵҶؿ϶һЩѵǰؼһЩǴ˿ڱ˵ĵͷȴմǷǡ
ңҶش˿أʥĳ֣Ѿеͷۣʵû˼ȥЩɹӵܵơ
ҶѾᵽһּΣյϢΣձЩԪӤʿƲֵһᡣ
ҶûЩԪӤʿֻǳʥ֣˵Ҷأ˱ϵϽʿڴ˵ؼݣʵ֮
Ҷؿ˵ţȴڿǣô뿪ʥڴ˵س֣ɳѾǳȫˣ
ҶءŶҲвеʿһμ棬㻹ԪӤһ㣬ѾԪӤĲ㣬ǴѪٴˡ֣˵͵Ϊôģ
ʥһҶص֣򴽵
ʥȹͶ֮˵Ķǡһ촽ΣΧֵϵʿһ۾ֱˣߵȻԪӤкʿҲ⡣
ҶصĿһɲǻһ£ǽһҧ촽һʹʱѹ
Χʿ֮޷԰Σвһ˿
ʥҪչʾĹֻʵ̫ǿ̫ǿֻҪһͽʿͲ֪бһһԵߵ仹֪
ҶܹסⲢľΪʿǿܶࡣ
ʵϣǿбΪ֮󣬺֢Ѿʼ֣Ǿľսȹ̣ƪѾѹסľвĸ񽥽ױ֡
ҵԪӤƪľȶĸţ¼ѱѹס
Ҷڻܱ侲ԭǣ֪ǰλӡǾβʥһֱ߶Ⱦ衣ûʥһ˿һҲ֪ʲôֶסġ
ʱӺһλʿ⵽ش²ŽҵһôµĻ»Ҫȸˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ѵõԵɣƵʥϡֵ˶ӣ뱻֪̫࣬Ľһ£ֱǡ
Ҷؼʥ˼ת뿪
˿̣ʥΧԪӤʿ˿ڴӳѹ
վס
ղǵĻûǱϵʿΪҺɳǣ
ҶؾȻǶǷתҪߣмʿŭ
ɳǣû˭ǵĴڡ
ȺԪӤʿ֮УӥǵʿȴҶص֮¶˼֮ɫƺʲôҶأϽ峤ϣڽɱλʮһ
ϵܣʶ
ԱһλӢ䲻ԪӤڶʿתͷɻʵ
û档ǰЩɱλʮ˸պҵǰһλȻǵϡ뿪֮½мλʿųϽ𵤰ǰʮλڰǰʮҲֻ£ͬһ뿪𵤰񵥣չسԪӤΪһǰųΪԪӤʿ
ռԽɫԽԾҺͻԪӤھ磬ǰᳬһ꣬Ϊζ̶һ겻ѾԪӤĲΪˣ
ӢʿһüǾܵ飬û˶ʱڽͻΪȻϽҶʿһǼðҶʿ֮Һɳͼ죡˵Ƚթаܷ֮ΣץѺ͵ϼӿʣ
˵㾿ʲôˣɳǸʲô
һԪӤʿƽؾһ𣬼Ĭг쬡쬣ΧסҶصȥ·
ȥǶϵļ࣬Ǽ񣡡
Ҷؿһۣһһ̧֣жһöںڵ˿䳤ƣȵҹȻΧ˿䳤ϣĪǲϵԴˣȥ˵ĴΣյĺζ
ԭͼΧҶصļԪӤʿöںڵƣʱһɺ໥һۣЩҲ֪롣
Ƽٲˣûٸ˳ŵʿӴȻ֪̺Ȩ
˳ţɽԼƶߡ
˵Լִߡ˳ŵȨץˣץĿȺˡ
ʮӣҲɳǣȻΧһλ˳ŵĳϡ
ֵôʿΧۣ²һɽ綼֪Ϣ
Ƿ׷棬ӥӣ˶ϼĵϵһλӢӣǺɳǵرӳҲǶһɹʿ
ϽҶʿϽ峤ϣҲ˵Ŀ䳤ϡȻгƣӦüٲˣҲ˿ҶϣҶϴ˴ҵⷬٶҲСĽΪ˱ϸڣʣ
ӥϳ鶯һ£ǼҲãڡӡǰҲգҲòһ£Ҷء
Ҷ֪мһƣת뿪˽ֵȺ֮С
һ뿪̷ɱڵĴ
ɳǣǴסˡ
ʥԶ֮ηǸû¶ʥ֪;β췭ظ
ʥҶص뿪κ֮⡣
ͻȻ̧ͷһ˫鶯ޱȵ˫ա
ʱֵ磬һ
غɫͫмһֻ޴Ľڣֻھм䣬㣬Ϭ˫ĿŴءɽ磬ֻҪĵطĿ㶼ܿ
нڡʥĴͨܵ˶㵽Ȼܳǧһֵ˵ټֱܴ׹Ѹ٣͵Ĺ
ֻͨΪ߽һգκ嶼޷ʩչŵͨ
Ҳ޷ĻƻʥʥĶӳһְ
ʥֶȻָƣŵԹһ䣬ġнڡôܶ㿪أⶫ´ãȥħ½½Ĵ½Ĵ½һƬ谵ֻܱ̫̫ܿ࣬δ̫½ѩأģֻܲࡣħ½Ǳߵķ̫ˡһ羹ϵ֮ء
㿪׷٣ȴ̾Ϣ
ΧԪӤʿ̾Ϣ׷ʹѣȴЩĪơ
ο̫̾Ϣ
Ƿ׷̧ͷĿʲôҲûĹâ̵˫Ŀʹ
ڸһҫĿЩͼʿܿġ


649 ٳǴ
ɳǣš
ųһƬɵĹ֣󣬹Ǻ֮ƺ꣬޼ɵɱŴڵʿ
ԪӤʿٻмԱֿ֮ڶ𵤵ͽʿգۼͱʳѪ⻯Ϊݹǣ޲ȻŻҳһƬ
ɳڣ׷ɱҶأͼʿɱ䡣
ɳдڣҶǶȥɽ֮ҪҵҶأἫã
鷳⡣ս漤ң˲ؼʱ׷ɱ˶ԸޣʵԸҪôѾɻ٣ҪôȥĴ½תˡ
ҶصϢԶ룬ΧԪӤȴɾݣΧֹʵȻڶ࣬縺سְ֮ҳˡ
ڤҲϡڤף˷ЩͼԪӤʿϡֶΣִ֮޷ڶԪӤǳ׻
ɱʢ
޼ɵɱ֮£ɳǳǶʿ˴̶꣬СƬ̡ڹеԪӤʿһʮʿѳ֮ڡ
ɱڷսʱڣڳڣνʧޱȡ
ڹԪӤ֮ʱʮҫâƿն
ʮ⻹δ¶ΣһΪ׵ʿŭס֣ηޣӲҺɳɳǣ¾˶ϵʿӴѹɭɱ⣬ʱסڳںֱײĹ
ʮǿѹ˲ƽԪӤʿ
ЩսڳǿʿڱƳˣǹǿУǿҲ
ͣͻҳĹӰͿգ䳰ĵͦ죬ӵһĪ˵ļ
䣬һ޿ֱģ
ֱԱһͷڵĺ׷ߣ̳ȳ⡣
޷
һӻֹ֣֣߳ȴǲγƺԼ
нΪλҲżȻɨųһƬ״ǰǿҲѪһĴڡ𾪹Ѹ侲˵ɣǺηʿΪ¾Һɳʿ
ѳһʿˣ

˭
ʵ
ϽҶأ

ʵϣͼԻ֮ʣҶڳһʥ̸δ뿪֪ҶػͣڳڣԲҪˡ
Ҷصţһ㶡
ϽǱɹʿɲⶫϽңҶش˵ĵϸҲ΢֪һЩ˳½ĳԱʦôܰ˳ŵ˽ޣˣ
Ҷصݣֻм߲ʿ֪
ͨʿҶصţֻãȻ
ԭΪҶ϶
ɫҶϽϣҺɳǣҺɳǵҡڲ֪ҶϺ͸кγͻҺɳǳκ⣡´ˣ
Ŷô˵һ
ĿĹȴмֲ죬ΪһԪӤʿȻϧս֪Ҷ˳ŵĳϣҲҪ˵һͨϻˡ
ɱҶϵԪӤʿҪΪڵѱ𰡣
û뿪ҺɳǶϵԪӤʿδ棡
ԭҵسԪӤʿ֣ʱĹǣ׷׾£ű
۸ǺεΪֻҪûڣ㲻Һɳҡκڣ趯֡
ȴϵҡҡͷתͷɫ۵ĺ׷ߵκλѽκԳֶԸɣ
漧ǰԪӤʿʮһλĶʿԳݣһͬΧһͬΪԪӤڵĹޡ
ֻԪӤʿſԺ޹˼ɵΧһԪӤ߽ʿ
ˣһҲɳǷϷѵѵǶʿ£ǹĵطɣ
κЩȲһһ̧ƣֻ֮Уһâ˸
꣡
ɲǼ䣬ֻǵ΢СĵâȥΪʮɴ۵׵â˲Ϣ˺ѿƬ
Ȼ¶Σһĺۣϣޱ飬ɭˡ
ޣ
һ
޷ǳԪӤڵϵʿǷëǡ
ԪӤ֮һֱڻɽ߶δԪӤ޴
ɽ֪ҪͨʿࡣǣΨǸ⣬һйĿǡͬΪ֮£һ޿԰һ޴ĲҲ̶á
ҵһӣŨŨӿΧǧɡǧ飬Ҳ˳ڹַΧԴЩѪռ޻ǣΪĹ飬𵤺ڡЩһƣԪӤʿҲס
â֣
κ߱һðһâ֣ڡϸСâԾ
ܲˣȻ֮УֱɱĹ֮ǳˮһֿ
໣
ڵʮϰͷ͡͹飬ʱצ˹ȥž죬ߵâ֡â˸ҷŭ׷֮»Ϊƻ̡
ɣ
κߵٶȼ죬Ǻ֮䣬ǿ˹ǰЦɱ׺ԪӤڹޣضܱǣڶϵֱ׷

һâһ£ŭȣ޴Ĺĳڤ
ž
޴Ĺƣʹκâϡ
޼᲻ݵڤմâϣƴڴ͸âյļȥڤҲâٷɣٻȻ
κ߱һƻɳȥɣּץƣһ¡ڷæӿ޹âָֻĿĹâκߵһȴçײĳǰȥ
ǰޣκһ޶ǿΪ񣬿ҪԴ
ɶ񣡡
ͬʹϧޱȣһڤɱһλͨԪӤʿǶκߣڤ׹ȴ˲ֺһԪӤڵޣȻһƽ֡
⡣
ԭΪֻкɳǵļԳ֣ſܺʤû뵽һޣе֡ΪһԪӤڵޣԼʵ
ңû֣˶ʵ²ɽϹ֮
ɱ
ɣҵһΧ˴˹ޣ
ʿǼκߣס˹׺ʱʿһλǿޣֻҪмλԪӤʿ֣Χ˴׺Ĺ޲ǲܡ
ȴûΧʿĻһ㡣
̧ͷľ㶵ա
գ쳣
ǣƺһƬڵĹ㣬ڴɸ߿գ׹ɸ߿գԪӤʿ޿ִܵĸ߶ȡ
ЩĿֱ꣬ɳǶ
ƬڹԽԽ󣬴΢ɼ֮С
ʲôϢԽԽǿᡭ
Ӳӳ鶯һ£еһĪѹ֣ĵĿֻšҲ֪Լڿ־ʲôΪ˶Ѿϰ꣬δֻŹѪ忪սҲη塣
ԪӤʿƣɷ׷̧ͷȥƬ׹Ľɫ㡣ͨĽʿҲܿˡƬ˸Ľڹ㣬ƺһͷ״
ʱҲ̧ͷƬѾԽԽĽڹâȻ𺧣ʧڡ
ûۼֽڹâ
ʥ緢̫ɢĹâ
ﻹ˼κߡˣһջشƬĹ͹飬ſһźɫҺ壬Ϊһĺâ⼤ȥٶ֮죬ԪӤʿض
ȥ
ڴѹֺͿֻоѹǰʧ֣һ¡
ɽڣǲڵġ
Ĺ
̶̵֮䣬һƬǧƵĽɫâѾԽԽˡÿһ㶼ΪȭͷĻ飬գ˷Բϰؽ硣
һʥסɳǡ
쿪֣
þȫȳһĴ
Ϊһݹ⣬תڡ
ԭ׷ɱʿǣʱѾֽű䣬޲¶־ֻ֮ɫ׷ɢ
䡢䡢䣡
ոͬʱöڻѾ׹ںɳڣ˲ΧɷΧڵʿʯľҺһͬΪҽ
ϵĽڻܼĺɳɳǡ
ֵĹâŸո𣬱㱻Ľڻݻ١
ԪӤʿٶȿĻ˵ܱܿڻĺӵǽʿٶ̫ӶӲ
ɳǣڴ׹ĴƬڻ֮£̼仯Ϊ𺣡
ƵԪӤʿʿӿͼӴٶɳǡû֪ΪͻȻή˲ҵĴ֣ʿ֪ɳˡ
һľ˶ϵɹĲʮ˽ɳǣһ˲⵽ԵĴ


650 ֵǰϦ
һöڻ׹ںɳɳǵʱҶվںɳΨһһɳ-ٺǡԶ봫ϡ
ѾâҫĿ
ʱںҶһģʮʿǹȥٺǰ£źҶһ͡Щʿһ龪ſ־壬֪˺£ΪͻȻ˿ֲ֡
ҶŴƬ˺ɳǵĽڻɫľȻн˫ȭ΢΢䡣Σգʱĸϵ󴦣޷˳ܴӴ뿪ΣյѪ
ˣӣ
Ҫضȥ˭Ҹ󣡡
ֻŵʿӵ崫˺ѷε˻ҵ£ʿȿֺҪ봫϶ͻжʿܽѣǳֹۡ
ҶصӰģ
˲䣬ҶشӺɳɳʧ͵һңԶɳǡٺǡĴڡ
ͬеʮʿŴˣǰĳǸҵĳɳ⵽ڻĴݻ٣ΧʿΪ˽봫ɱЩŵĳǻز
ҶûǣֱӴڷһٺ-׸ǡֻ˶̶ʮϢĹѪĺɳǣص˱ǰ׸ǡ
׸Զսڽ˳ڣûκɽ󲿷ʿ֪ʥϢ
ҶɫȻٶȸڵ൤ɹ
ʸԽ൤൤ι˱ϵϽΪҶصԵʣδսںЭϵɹĺڲ

Ҷز빬ҵƸ߽鵤Ļʸ
ˣ
ʸ¶ϲ֮ɫӵ¯ӭȥ
Ҷ޹ǵ˫֣һů
Ҷȥ֮ǰԴ֪ҪȥһѪ֮أΪ˱ڵģδϸ˵Ǻεء
ʸҶشѪƽڷġ
Ҷɫأʸ״ʵʲôˣ
Ҷػ˺̵ܶĹ򣬼򵥵˵һʥ͹ɽϹֵ˽黹ݣʥ뿪󣬺ɳǱʥݻٵľ
ȥ磬ʥ;βʥʥһͬڶ
ʸʧЩ԰ףš
ȷʵЩţʥѾѪ˺ħֻԪӤʿ˿赲ǡɳɳ̼䱻٣Ѿһߣ
ҶؿЦĵǣ岿ƴٷѪɳĴңضʧأ
ô죿
ʸæ
ѪҶɽ缫ΪҪԭϻأҶʿнɵġƤǲϡ߽߽׿ʯ߽ҩԴѪʥ֣ѪսһܣǶʿԻԭ֮ءûѪԭϣɳǵԭϴȱ֮¿϶ǡ
ڣ̰൤ʿƵĳƷ鵤ȫ۳ȥƵĸ߽鵤ͬʱǲ൤ӣչɳǵʯԭϣԼ鵤ûҪ鵤УȱǸԭϡɥʧԭϹӦ൤㡣
Ҷض˶٣һڣʥѪϢûдϢڶɽΧ֮ǰǱչڻʯԭϡΪĶѣǰӦԵ׼
ţ൤ʿɳȥ
ʸصͷ
۳Ʒ鵤ʯԭϣһɹ˵ǼΪشľ
ҶصжϣҶصĽСģа˾ųϵİգ򲻻ľġ
⣬ҪȥһѪϽɳǣ֪ͨѱϵȫʿضʿ⵽ԴѪɳǸ̫ǳֻ̫жɳǣпֵܵסʥв

ɳѾڴƬڻΪ̫Ļ𺣣ӳһƬɫҽ˷ڶ
һʿƴϣԶɳɳǡ
һӶʮԪӤʿ𺣵ĺɳгΪʮâɳȥ
⺣ϣĶ鲢ټ
ڣΪβӴ뿪˵ʥڸ⺣̫Σˡ
һӥǵʿǵ
ڵĴԶ봫ֻһֻܴͻٺǡÿʮϢʱһΣһֻܴʮˡ˿̳ʿ̫࣬Ҫ϶Ϊʱ˭ǲãѵڻɱǲɡȥɳǣɳǾ촫ͻٺȥʥѪѪѾǳȫ뾡ضɳȥ

һ͵Զ봫ΪԶ붨λԭ򣬽Ϊѣ۷ǳƽʱһԶ봫Ѿ㹻ɳʹˣһʱԴͽǧʿֻܰȫʿȫתߡ
ںɳ˵һʹѾ㹻ƽʹãࡣ
岿Ҫһ칥ɳǣǲܵ顣
ⳡʥɵĺƽ̫죬ʱ̫̣ھ󲿷ʿ޷Ӵʹ뿪
ڻܼ´Ѿ⵽̫Ļٻ
漧κҡͷ˵
ʿɽϣͷһ𺣵ĺɳɳǣ¡
лڼǹ޾ӣϧʱ̫ɢˣ֪ӳӳûСɲȥŮӡڴŭ֮£ǰմٹ˲ɡ
ʥǿᣬ˶ϵɹʿһɳǣɺޣһñ

𣿶ɽ磬˭ɱʥ
ʿԾ
ɽʮ꣬ʿҲЩһ֪ϢػǰɱⴳѪʥ
һ˵
ʿڣҿڲصĹż˵Щ޶ȥ½ħ½
ʿʿʱһ񣬴ϲ׷ʡ
Щʿȥ˱½ħ½½ΪӴճ̶Ҳȶܵõ󲻵ĵرЩĵرڶҲ˵ʿȥ½ħ˵ʿǰħ½Ϲʱ֮ԷֵҲΪȥͬìܡ
ɫ
ǣħ½ͶңԶԪӤʿҪȥ½֪Ҫ϶ꡣʥҶ֮ǰܼʱϻֹ𣿡
κǵ
ɹ϶¶ɫ
˵ˣа취ϵ½ĻʿֱӸϻ
޺˵
ʱй¶һЩ˵Ļܣøɹ׳
һԪӤʿ˶ϵɹĺҪһԪӤʿɥʧģϵһ겻
Ϊ˹ʿò˵һЩܣġ
ԼȴΪء
ǰҲһظţʥѪҡظţɽĴʿɱƳһظţĴͨΪ˵˷ǲٶʿ֪飬ʿΪɽһʤ
һ飬󲿷ִǵ伮϶δἰ
Ǿɱظţʥ֮ǰظţʥڶɽľѡ
һ٣Ƕɽʹһδ١˽̫ţؼض٣˵伮ڡǣľĻ޷ӴҪ˵ͨʿˡ


651 Ⱥʥ
ʥӶŽâ貵ľ޴˫ᣬһƬ̫𸲸ǵĺɳϿգ˫ϱڵϡ
ڴƬĽΪ棬ҽ֮УϰСʿڲҽа롣
ޱĿһУںɳԼﷶΧɨӣѰҾβ䡣
ԪӤʿ΢СĽϣһҲδܵüʥһۡ˿һȴԤϵ֮֡
ڵУʥ££һСССĺɳǣҲϾۼ֮ѡĵɳڶʿʲô֮ڡ
нڡͨﺣ򣬷־βӰڡ
˿ֺ̣ɳԼﷶΧڣȴûоβʥټ
ʥĿͻȻע⵽һٻĴ
ɲǼͻȻ׹
βǹ¶ΣԼ֣βɳڵĴߣ㵽ɳȥˡǴȴ̫ٻ٣޷׷ɱ
ɶ
ġнڡͨÿһ²ʩչһΡڽһ£޷ʩչͨӵβȥ
ʥŭӿչۻ쳹档
ӵһʱӵһô
ⶫɽ磬βӵδ
ʥ˫һչΪһɵĽڹâںʧȥѪϵɳǣҲд

˲֪ãһƬżֻʣҽҽĺɳǣ˵ûκϢ
޴ʥӰȻ֮ĿͶɳַ
Ѿܾûй֮£û뵽ʿѾѳ쵽Ѫˣٹʮ꣬ǰѳ쵽ȥռ˶岿ϳ
һͳɳƵ޸
һЩͽʿѣһʥɨǡȲЩ׷ʥҪǱ̫ٻٵ˳ףǿҵڶӳ˵أڴ˵¶μֻǶԾβ֣Ǵ˵ûЩ졭ڴ˵ضʱ䲢
һӥ
λӳǿڶӳǺϻΪ
ʥıضǾβɡڶӳȻǺıҲĻ죬ʥǺϻʥǸͼʥŭ¾ٶʥʥɱ˶
Ǿβޱȣܴӽ䱸ɭϵʥ͵ȡʥҪ׷ٵ䣬ʥɲסڶӳһֱ׷پβĴͨβӹĿ⡣ֻҪ׷ٵڶӳҵβ䣡
ӥ˵󣬳һʱ
Ƭ̺󣬵ͳٴνӵỹһǣֻ´вף
кεǣ
ڶӳ±ңӲ֪˵ɳǱ٣ħĻʿӦúܿõʥٶϢֻ»ʮֲ鷳ǣһҪǵ֪ʥʧ˶϶ֶȡǴ鷳
һСǣ˱ˣҪһʥٸʮкηЩʿѵΪ˸翪սɣʥϢܱЩʿ֪ߺߣ죬Ҵʥ뿪磬ʱضǺú㣡
Ϊ֮ƣ辡ҵڶӳ˳Ǳ٣ڶӳʧߣ
ǣӳ
̶ｻ̸ͬʥӰէȻʧںɳǵա
û֪ǵĵ

ɳɳǱһʥݻٵĺϢѾɳǵʿɢѪء
ΪʿѾ̫ûкʥ֪ϢʿǷӦʮָӣеı۾ΪɽڼеȴΪǾûᣬܿϲһЩΪǿԪӤʿȻðΧʥƴͨķͷҲ˵̫Դ󣬱Ͼɱʥġ
ҶȻڱȽϱ۵һɣۼʥ;βʥʵиûʲôҵͷۼΪʥҵ𶯣ʥʮҪĻֻ²׷Ҳ˵ڶʥ²ֹں;βʥ
Ҷһ뵽ȺʮϵʥڶǸĳֱͷƤ顣
Ҷغͻʸɻʸټ൤ʿ񣬽൤ʿȫǲȥڸɳȫ鵤ȡʯչѪеԭϡ
൤ʮֲΪιᷢΪѪսĽڽʤõĸԭԽԽ࣬ԭϵļ۸񲻶µĹ򡢶ڻ㡣
ǹǲɵģִС
ʸ򱦵һڣӸϸɳǣ൤ЩƵĳƷ鵤ɹԭϡ
ΪҶصԵʣ൤һȡˣռȻȺɳǱʥݻٵϢڸشɳǳִвѪԭۼۿʼǣһ֮һɡ
⻹ֻһʼѪľδʣԻδֻֿ
Ҷغͻʸ൤ȥչʯԭϣƽһٶ
ԴˣҶѾиĴ㡣
㿴
ҶؽڵһƬȡڻʸġ
ɽ紫˵е̺ĺƺǴԪ
ʸоɢһϢеѪ֮Уɾϲ
һںĶأںȴǴԪԪԪһģ辭ڵܱԪգ̵ܼʱڱԪȽס
ҶصЦֻһöԪܴڳ嵽ԪӤ۷塣ϧ˹޷ͻƻƿǱ˹뻯񾳽硣
ܴõһö̶һ嵽ԪӤ۷𾪶ɽˣ̰Ҫͻƻ񾳽磬õ鰡
ʸЦ
еֹһöֻҪ㹻ʯööʮöҲܵõ
ҶЦЦҡҡͷ
ֹһö
ʸɻ

ҶƽĿŻʸ峺˫дЩǸ⣬˵ͷƺڿν͡
һС˼ԼΪĶңسӥⷢӥǰ൤ţÿһͻƽ׶ữӼ˵˳
ʸֻ֪Ҷؽ൤֮Ĵ󲿷飬֮ǰľʸ֪
ҵ˵ܾǰسǣ㻹֮ʱ̷һöҵöҵβʥеöʥʥһģһ
ʸסˣֵסСڣʧ֪Ҷͻƾ绯ӼһֱƲ⣬벻ҵеĹϵ
š
Ҷص˵ͷЦ֮ǰһֱ֪ʲôΪλʶڳһƬ׸ռ䣬ʯľӶõҩģҲ֪θ˵쵽顣ֱȥ磬βʥҲ֪ҵȻҵǺһЩͷʥ֣ΪβʥöҵġöҵɳҲٳǵ³


652 Ԫ
ʸҶԣ˵ͷų׹ΪľβʥͻȻڶɽ磬ٵɳɳǡ
ҲֻҶöҵϸռ䣬ʥ˷ľٶ
֮ǰɻҲ׹
Ƭռ䣬ʿ˵ô˵ֻҪ㹻ʯܹõʮöңҵ൤ʿںܶʱڳ嵽ԪӤڡ
ʸȻϲãЩǣǷΪѸٱǣ»˵Ĳ²⡣Ϣȥܴ鷳
ʥڶɽ磬ܿ춫ҳһƬⳡֻڿƽϢǱðЩգΪʵܱȫ
ҶؿЦֻҶ֪й¶ȥ⣬Ҵ㽫ԪһҩҩЧֻʮ֮һһ֮ҲֻΪǺ鵤
Ҷ΢΢̾൤ʯչұ㿪ʼľ׼һ򱦡桢Ȼȵʮλ൤ĺĽʿ붼ǾԿ֮ˡԪ֮󣬺ʿѷšȻҲԵͽ׹ֻϣ൤ʿⳡ֮оȫʵϧ޷鵤
Ҷص˼ðй¶ķգ൤ʿ൤Դ൤ţյɵɣڵӶϤʿܷβܣֻ
š
ʸصĵ˵ͷѾ˾Ҫģǽá

Ҷػص൤󣬳żȥ̸֮⣬󲿷ʱһֱڹڱչز
е񣬶ɻʸȥš
൤صöƷʯҶֱϸڣӴʯֻɳɸߣûС
ڣ鵤൤ʿǣʼ½½˴Ʒʯ빬ڵĿء
ҶؽЩʯȫϸڣ
ͬʱҶҲڼôõ⣬һΪĿǰԪӤĲ㻹̫ͣڶɽֻͨԪӤΪ
һº
ѪңźɳǱٵ֮ѪɳǱʥݻ٣ɽΪ𾪣ޱȵĿֻ֮СˣѪɳǣʼѪģˡ
˵ɽѾҵһͿ
һиҶ޹ء
ҶǱʱѾ嵽ԪӤ㣬˷ٶΪڶɽڼֱţǶʿ֪϶ἵʵķ
ҶشʱڹڱչأԪӤʿʶҶأȻ޴ӵ֪Ҷصչ
൤ڵӶҶؼΪϤЩʿ̽Ҷλ漶ʿΪҶشԪӤڳΪԪӤʿڵֻóҶصΪսǲ֪ҶصľΪչ
һ൤ĲҲĽһգ󲿷ֳƷ鵤ʯҶصϸڡ൤ʿǹЩȣڸճ֧ʼȱƽĿ֧ûˡ
вٹڵʿʼԹɻΪιڲͻȻ˽š
Щܿ촫ҶصĶУ޷ֻͣ൤ϵʿʱ͡
һиֵá
Ҷʶ۲ϸڣϲʤһա
ڶʮöƷʯ֮£ľһѾһʮöЩѾ죬ŵϷɫΪŨֱʳá
ҶؽʮöһöʸֱӷΪ
ʸõ֮󣬼Ϊϲ񽻸ʸʽʼչأǿΪֻҪʱ䣬һö㹻嵽ԪӤ۷壬ܶһ⡣
ʮöҶԪ
ֻһЩɵ伮гֹڴ˵еļƷڶɽ磬ûλʿҵƳ鵤Ȼûֳɵ鵤䷽
ѲҶأΪʦ鼫ΪḻԼŪһ䷽ǿԡ䷽֮УʮζҩģԻĿʿ֪鵤ʵɷ֡
Ҷش㽫һöԪɢö鵤ȥһҩЧɢ̫ס
ȻһöԪ̺ԪҲΪӴýʿΪһһȫ
һգҶ൤ңʼԪ
൤ΪҵȻ࣬¯ƷҲߡ
൤ڽʿڵǵ֪ҶҪһȫµ鵤ɾϲ˷Ī׷׾ȴ
Ҫ֪Ҷ൤岻ѵġֻҶغڹչʾԼʿǶԵü
գҶЦҽյʯţ൤ʿǰ
ֻҪҶصɫ֪Ƶ鵤Ѿɹ¯
ϲҶʦ壬鵤ɣһö
൤ȺУ򱦼Ҵҵǰ棬˷ܵĽԱߵĻʸȻܶǳ򱦴ۣۣøһʶ
һС«ƵԪλɹĹ״Сֱȡܣÿȡһö⣬˭ҪĻճɱ۹ÿ޹һöÿһö۸һٿƷʯ
ҶȴǵЦЦһС«ԪʸַʸΪ൤ŵĴϣߡʸչ֮ʱںܶǻʸ
һٿƷʯһöԪ
ʸеһС«Ŀɿڴ
൤ʿ޲զ࣬мߵĽھŲʿ͵ΪʿʿһҲδһƷʯʿҪһٿƷʯҲһɵ顣
ԪӤʿõĸ߽鵤Ȼ󡣲ʿҲԽ鵤ѿá
ҶֻЦЦûиĽ͡
⻹൤ڲۣǰճɱġҪǮõԪ붼롣

൤ߵϺҶ׸ǵķУǰ̸
һ֮ǰҶίа׸̸󡪡̸󣬴ΪСͨķɽͬʱί޸ͨͨʱĴս
СͨɽҪԭϺΪĻ飬ֵΪˡͬģƵַȵȣżߵҪ
ҶԼҲЩַϾʦѾСͨɽҪ
οҪɽãҲû˶ʱ䣬ɽ
İ취ίרڴ˵ʦΪСͨķɽ
ڶ̶̵һڣҪƳСͨзɽʹԭѾ׼׵Ҳǵһʦ
ֻкųƶһ̸󣬲ʵ絽ʦΪơ
ʦ˵ĳųԱλΪ硣ҪᶯʦƷɽǿɲһ׵顣ʦ֣ǳǮ˼δԸ˺£˼˿˵
ҲֻҶʦͬ˳ųԱӣڶ̶һרŶСͨɽЩʦеģҲҶصĶ鵤
˵ף̸ֻһ׻ĳأʦʦ֮Ľ


653 ͷɽ
Ҷ׸ǷУողݻ̸󣬱㱻һһλʿ̸Ƽ
һǰҶһ棬ʱһ飬æӭ鹧Ҷϣ˵⼸ջȡԸرע⣬ȵ¥żԺƬ̣ϱ룡
һǰҶ˸Ǣ̸Ϊ֮ʱʱΪĸҲͬڳҶóĴϣԼͨʮһ飬ҪһСͨɽʱס
ΪСͨԣҪɱ޻ȡƣԲɹӵеСͨǰ󱲣УһСͨķɽܾʮԪӤʿ֮֡
ɽԪӤʿٶʹýڵԪԪӤڣӵһСͨ
飬ζʵǿʮ׻Ϊɥ
µļУһСͨĹ˿мϡһʽףʹֻǴΪн飬еҲΪơ
ʿѯʱϣЩգͷһһԪӤʿһ˿ã֪ȤȥĻ
š
Ҷزÿɷĵ˵ͷ¥ȥҴȥҴ˼ͬʱҲһ󼤶

ʱҶأ¥żУƷ߷ϵļƷ
Ҷ뵽ԼĴԪɽЩпżһ𽣲ϡѻԪռƣн룬еļҲֻԼ֪
˵Ԫɽһ·֮;У
ԪӤУ⼸Ԫһ̶ȵ𻵡ʹ޸ˣ𵤼ԪɽԪӤڵ˵ʹãѾԵú
һˮ˿ΪѵõԻЧԪӤʿڵޣѾãƷڶ֮м
սǼԼ
⼸ɽĲƷЩͣҪƷѶȴõԪɽµĲϺ飬µСͨзɽ
ˡˡˣ
ͻȻҶص˼Ҷ΢΢̧ͷ˰׸ǷָĸѾŽԷֵϣЦ档λԪӤʿΪʵǿһźСһֻС

ҶȻرԼСͨˣӭ
Ҷϣõˡһ̫ˣҵҲ
ЦǰеίƵСͨɽСͨսҲѾ޸ϣڴˣҶ
һƳСͨķɽ޸һСս׸ǿҲֻɰ쵽
ҶЦŵͷֻУһһСС
Ǹװ޸ɵĴս
⴬СʮͨսҪսϡҶԪӤΪڴ˴ıѾ󡣲񶫺ѾһƬң˴൤ӵ˻õţȻܷ
ҶȡǸʹʶһ鿴󣬼սѾ޸ͷȡ䡣
ţҶȡֻСʹȡɽ
ȻɢžѹתСǰţԡԭϵƷʶʮףǶƷʡ
мһСͨɽͨɫâ£ˣһͷӥ飬ӥչᣬ
ұ߶һ͸Х̺飬ǡһ죬ϢȳңһͷŭĻ顣
߶һ⣬һͷоĲ顣һƣأʵ޻һͷǰצĵأ׷˻
ҶֿСͨɽЩСͨɽƵʦ̬ɫһȴǼΪɫСͨ
ɽһ֣սõ˵ԪӤʿУηġ
ǾˣСͨķɽҲ΢΢ҡҷΪҶؽɽ
ɫɽʦΪâΪӥƳ䷨ϵЧáȫ߶ʱɽɽɫâ֣Сͨ䡯ӽгٵ߽ɫâÿһâ˲ɱʿ
ɫɽΪľ綾Ϊ飬綾֮ľʩչС֮ͨһľ綾
һһɽǡ溣ŭ͡׳ƽֱ̺޺ͻΪ飬пػˮ֮ЧáһСͨΪκϮƾˣˮкͺ޴һСͨΪԭƣ´Χı𡣡
һڽһͷعΪ飬ʹһΧڶֳٻصЧáСͨΪؼסɷǿףʹͨСͨɽҲ׹ơ
ɽλʦţ֪ҶϿ⣿ǲ⣬Ҳи
Ц
ˣ⼸ɡ
Ҷ̾Ȼʮ⡣
ҶȡɽѾ׼õװԪĺ«ݸһЦһ«Ԫճ֮ãÿһöǮΪٿƷʯɣԪΪίɽԼ޸սĳ͡ģֱӰλһʯҡ
Ԫɽƺ鵤ҶƵ鵤𣿡
ɻ
ǰЩѪ鵺ɵһҩƳɵ鵤
Ҷص
ȵӶˣٿƷʯһöǼߵļλ˭򰡣ֹţæӹǸ鵤«
֪ҶʦƷ鵤Ҳ⡣Ǽλ˸ߣʮֳԾճõ鵤ÿԷöжʿõ𰡣
ԪӤʿһöҲоʹ߼λ鵤ò˶Ҳ⵰
㳢һö֪Чˡ
ҶЦ
鵤ںԪͨ鵤ǿֻ̫࣬Ҫö鵤ʱԴԪӤ۷壬۸Ȼߵס
鵤ֻۣȡʯ
ȱʯҲó
δռС潣飬ίȥƵĻҲһʲƵĿ
ЩɣӺ«ȡһöԪڵżȥ鵤ҩ鵤ֵֵۣù˲֪õ鵤ʿ׷·鵤ֵٿƷʯǲյġ
ҶżڵţһСĵźš
Сʱƿżţ֣һŵĿϲҶϡϷȻͻԪӤˣʮˣϷʮأԪӤĲͣͣһֱоǱһҲ岻ȥһöԪоһǿڳȻһ³ԪӤ㾳硣ŰֵˣԪֵۡ˸λʦı꣬ԼȡӶϷᰲԪҶϳԿ
Ŀϲ飬ҶЩЦáɲҾӹֻ˵ãͣԪӤĲãԪɣһٳһλ


654 
ҶشƵСͨн޸õĴս뿪̸󣬻ڷнֵϣһ˼š
СͨСɽ޴İԶԸһԪӤʿлڤ׵ǿʿ»޷Կϧ֪ƱӣһױҲپˡ
ʱһϸĽӭ
Ҷüͷһһץȴһö˱ǵĽɫɫϸ΢ʼգʧΪһСŻҽ
˳Ҫ飿
Ҷ괫¶ص˼󲽶ȥʧڷоͷǻһ൤ͻʸһЩҪȻǰڳǡ

ڳǡ
ǷԲǶɽӴٵɳǣǳӵǿķǶʿĸҲ˺ħ֮ء
ΪɳڶĴ󷽣ԶѪسǵѲ߶ӵʵܴһʿ
һŵĳǳأֹκ˽룬岿ʿ֮⣬аޡ塢塢˶Խ룬żй޳֣Ҳֻ˲Ŀϡ
ڳڿޣʵҲ֣ӦǴɹѵޡͻ˻ھ硣޺ʿһģ岿޲ͬһӪ
˵ڳӡ
ҶڳǵĴ࣬ÿһζɳǵ𺳣һɳǵĵλ֮
ֻȥ磬ƽԭϵƬʮյĻƻʥȺ󣬲žڳȻʧɫ
ҶȻڶԾƹھҲԶʿԿʥʵûжġҪȻҲ˼ԼΪ
ҶشӰ׸Ǵ͵ڳǺֱǰڳܲμ˳顣
ãһΰĹǰ
ѾͣŴݻݣ˴رɭϣѲ߶鼸ԪӤʿѰʿ޷鿴Ҷسʾĳ֮󣬲ŷ빬
Ҷؽڣھۼ˶ǧԪӤʿɳһ
ʿķμΪӣλ˳ųԱħ˵ͷħ˳ųԱȻˡÿһϵԼһԪӤʿ
Ҷжʱг϶ټ˵أ˺ش飬ΪҪľ
ʱʿ࣬ȴЩơȺʿǾۼһ𣬵̸Ŷɽľƣ֮ɫ
Ҷȥɨڣ˱ϵϯӳϣţԼԴȵʮλϾۼһɿ첽˹ȥ
Ӵϣ񣡡
ҶسӴϡ˵Ц
ҶˣζҶϼʱغɳǸ׼ȷϢǱϵǰ׼ʧɾͲˡƻвٳϻʶǽһ£λȪųϣλǺƹٳ
ŹЦҶس֣λϽܣԵʮ׽
ҶܵЩʩ
ҶǰڱʱЩŵĳϣǸʱһʿ΢ᡣ˶һ޶ٽ
ҶϡӦ⼸ͻƵԪӤİɣ
һСȦĳǿҶأȴ¶쳣Źֵɫ
ǵΪһ۱ܿҶصΪҶΪۺ񣬹ԪӤڵˮ׼һμ棬Ÿ˶갡Ϊô˳̶ȣ
ҶȻ֪ɻʲôֳҲ޷Ϊ¶Цλ֪ʦûϲãϲĥЩѪɵʮ겻֪ĺݣһµ鵤ЧԼһЩʣµһСִ㻻Щʯ̸ۡλȤã֪鵤Ч
֪ݣҶϵã
Ŷ鵤ͷһȥЩá
ڳǾȣĿЩɣûõ˵
Ҷص˵ûʲôԵ©ʦܹɶɽƷ׵鵤ĺĵرΪʱڱǣȻټҲеġ
ɺϣԵ
ԵʿѰһˣпҵݡ
飬ҲֻĽķ֡
ȻˣĸֿܡҶҪðŵҶصķȥ֤ʵסȻҶȥǻȥʲô鵤
˵ڼϵλһʱҲϾ
˵λϯϡλԼħ˵λϯϡͷΧһʾʿڳ׼žš
λҲ֪񶫺ɽƣԴһǰʥںɳǣݻɳ֮Ѫֻ֮С󲻵գһɳϼҲ⵽ʥʧΪءΪϾǣɳǱ֮岿ʿʼٹѪɳ⵽ҵĹɳǱơѪսѾ˾ܻıԵǸˣϯϺλϯϣ顣һǾѪȫ泷룬ضɳǡ
ϵϵϯϣɫݻƣޱߡ뱱½ħ½Ļʿطʥ˾¹Ҷɽǰ;ҪڳλͬСϣλؿ飡
ϯأƺΪѵ˵ⷬ
Ҷ𾪣лһ˿ɻϯϴ뱱½ħ½Ļʿɴδ˵ʲôԽд½Ĵ͡½ûд󣬸˵½ħ½ˡɺУʮŵʹߣҲδܵ½Ȼʿ纣ϻɽѾ֪ʲô档
ڣڳǷ׷
ʥѪѾƻ߽ʿ߽ʿ֮䲻涫ԼȻӦ뻯ʿظţʥң⵽ʿΧɱӡ
ǰ½ĻʿѾû˻ˡǶɽĸΣգǲԸġظţʥڶ̫ڹ޵ķŭɱǶѪʥûػʿֻδԸ
ΣʥڶϢ봫ʿЩʿǷ
ϷãȳѪʿɳǵķҪԶѪɳǿ뻯ʿԻһ˵ʥܿ뿪һҪ뻯ʿ
ǧԪӤʿһ۵ʮּҡ
Ȼˣǲоģջǰչϵǩ
ڳһʱ֮ÿһλȡڰɫǩͶƿڣǷ֧顣
һ飬Ѫȫ泷롣鼸ȫ峤϶Ͷ˰ǩ޳ɣϾѪսѾʧĲҲ̶ãʥٲĻ̻֮£ȥޱѡ
ڶ飬뻯ʿضԿʥԼ߳ɳͶ˰ǩвʿĴǷ֧֡ô˵Ѿһ룬ͨ顣
ͨ
ΧڴʮλϯϣԿƿڰɫǩĿ׷׵ͷ


655 ռ֮
˺ħ˵ϯһԭ۵ĴУʿǶʱྲ
ǷͬŵŶɽ򣬱õִкء
𣬶ʿѪȫ泷롣
˽ɽ½ħ½뻯ʿض֡ҵȿռ֮ţλڳڣʿضҪ뿪ڳǧﷶΧ
ʮϯϣͬʮͷ׷뿪ǰȥռ֮š
飡
еλԪӤʿ׷վɻĿʹϺȥҲɢȥڳǵȴš
⡮ռ֮šм󲿷ʿδţλϯϲ˵Ļ֪дŴڡ˵ˣǲ֪ռ֮ںδ

ãڳϱƬֻһߴţֲڳڸĴγ޴ͼ
ɫڳΪģ𣬾۽֮
ڳϷգƴ²
ͻȻ֮û谵ƴ˷ӿƳǧɴС֮УâҴܶϢڻ׽٣产ˡ
ڳڣʿԪӤʿ̧ͷĿսγɵУ𺳵˵˵ѾѸٴ³ʿᾪʧģ⿴ȥƺʲô޴׽ٵڳǡ
ǡռѷ죿
Ҷس˴ոߴУһ֮УܵͨʮƵĿֲϢżҵĿռ籩ַϵ
Ҷؿ˺һͻȻ֪ʱѾԶ֮ա
ĿҶһۣЩҶ֪ռѷģռ֮ţȷʵһֿռѷ죬Ǻܲȶķѷϵʯֻάառ֮ţԶʿڳ죬ֱͨ½ħ½ɳǡռ֮ǿ˺ѿռ䣬ͨңԶ֮Ĵ½ķѵʯֻԹҲֻлʿռ֮ţĴֱʣ
һοռ֮ţҪĶٷϵʯ
ҶԾ̾
˴ʮķϵʯܿһΣ˴ս˸߲׼ǧ࣬ǳȫʢ֮ʱ㾡ȫһѪѪɳǵͶ룬ֵ޷ƣ˵ʿеˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ʥҵʿܶԸֻܼ顢ħ½ĻʿܷأܶԿʥֻҪκεطܻһϣ
ƺԻʿضֹۡ
һ
ҶȻȴءڶʥ;βʥûϵĻʿδܶԸʥ
ݱ֪ʿ뿪ɽ֮󣬼зصģѾûҪڶֻ˷Ԫֻж˵ĸҡŻᾪЩʿϾЩʿǴ˳ȥġ
˵⣬Ȼֹڳա
ԭ˽̸䣬ڳϷе޴УѾ׳͡
ƲУ侪˵Ŀռѷ죬˺ѿһ϶֣ɢűŰĿֲϢͨңԶռ䡣
ûʿҿ޴С
˵ģǿռ֮ɸ߶ȣ͸ͨʿܽӴֻԪӤʿǿִͨܵĸ߶ȡ
ʱˡħ˵λʸϵϯϣͨڸ߿մֱ𽫶öڼͶռѷ֮Сռѷ죬öڼ˲Ϣû
ΪȻ֪ҶЩɻ󣬲ɽ͵ռ֮Ŵ򿪵ʱռѷ죬ǳȶͨڴżΪֲĿռ籩ԪӤʿɥǻʿ޷ͨռ֮šҵȶʿ޷ռ֮ǰħ½λϯͶĴѶڼƣܹռ籩˺ѡռ֮ţֻάգֻܵȵȣ½Ļʿʲô̬ȡһʱᣬʿ»ˡպţǱǻʿֹ¡
Ҷصͷλϯϣ˾ٵ塣
ֶȻЦڻǵãҶʱڰ׸ǵĶᵺϡ㻹ǽ𵤳Ϊ̶̰ʮȥȴѾԪӤ㣬ܿʸͱڲǺη
ºԶ
Ҷһ˵
˰֣ЦҶͣѪõϡҩһٳԪӤڣʡޣԵ컯Ľ˵ĳϣұϵ֧֣˸Ҷֺ׷Ƚ򲻴Ϊʦ鵤֮Ϊ׾֮¡ȹ̣»μ穣޷ΪƽʱֳΣһǿУ߻ħ»Ԥϵĺ
л㣡
ⷬҶȻһʵһ
ҶϺΪ֮ʲôõڵĵطܿڣиˡ
Цŵͷ˵ƮȻԶȥ
ҶĿԶȥڹĬȻ˰Σ˼ת뿪

֮Уڳɸ߿ǵռ֮ţĶʿǰۿʿԪӤʿռڳǸ¥У˸ŸɫķâŻʿӿռ֮ų֡
ɽˣֻڴ˵У顢ħ½ʿ
Ҷû˷ʱȥȣУȥڳǸ̸󣬻ܲĲУѰҡԪӤƪ
⹦ԪΪȶԼľ硣ȱԪӤڹĸ߻ħΣԴ
Ҷʮʧǣڳǵĸ̸۸ԪӤڹǲûСԪӤֹʧûʿȥ̸Ȼۡ
ܲĲУҶؾϲĴһõĹżзһݡԪӤƪ
ҶؿЦõǣоȻʮ鼫ϵĴءʵزҲͲסǧꡢʱĴݲУ绯ȱҪּ
Ҳ˵һݹо˭ĲоȥһĹؼȱһҪ֣ҲһΣաοȱ˺ü֡
Ҷ
ҵһЩԴԪӤĵ伮Լľɵ䣬ȴǿ˸顣
ϸĥһͷ
һζ
Ҷص˼һöԴоѣͻȻռ֮ŵ޺ܿҪ
ڳռ֮ţȴȻûκǿѹӿռѷг֡лʿӿռ֮ų϶ᾪȫǡ
෴ڳյ󷨡ġѾ
ռ֮˺Ŀռѷ죬ҲԽԽСǧɳСΪʮɡ
ҶЩ
ǻʿ֣ɽ»һƬյĿֻ֮С
Ҳ򣬳ܲĲؾ󣬼Ԧɽɵڳߴһǧɹ̨ϡ
ҰΧѣǳõĹλáֻˡħ˳ŵĳԱڴ˵ͣʿֻܼԦɽڿУ߲㽨ϡ
Ѿգۿռ֮žҪر˱½ħ½ǱߣһöѶû͹顢ħ½ʿǲǲԮҶ
ΪĿǰ֧Ԯ
Ķɽʿԣûлʿִ֣Կʥֻ»һͿزʰԶʿʿشĴ
ҶطϹ̨Уڴ˵λϵɫÿ̸š
̨ϣλϯϡҲһء
ѵⳡɽѺƽ٣Ѿ޷Щȥ顢ħ½ĻʿѾɽ糹ôѵ˵֧֣ǳΪʿϷ򲻸ţ
ϵϯϣݻƵɫѾңľګѾҪ£Ŀռѷ죬̾
̨ϵϯϡһƬĬȻûܻش⡣
²ΪǾҪĴˡҵȲԴУʥҶɳǣ㸶ҵĴۣҲҪ취ɱʥ
ħ˵ϯϣ˵
ռ֮ŵѷڲСڳһƬȻڡ
Ȼ䣬ͨħ½ǵĿռѷ죬Ǳʲôǿгſһ㣬ڿռһ޲֮УɴСȻ˺ѿʮɣŵĿռ籩ѷӿ
һֻ㣬ѷ̤
ţһɸͭɫĳŴ󺺣һžްһץһѪɫľ޴«ѷ˳һɿֲѹѪϢסڳǣʿս
ŴŭĿԲɨ·ڳǣͳǧƵʿͻȻ䳰һ쳹صڳǵջصһȺ˶ˣͷڱëʰˡСӣ߱ħʥںδ񣬺ıħ˷ʱħһˣǱħħ½µر˸ûռˣħǵðƤɣ


656 
Ѫ«ĳŴ󺺴ӿռ֮ڳ֣ڳһļžţʿһֱɽХĺ
ѪħȻˣţ
ô֪λ˭
¼ἰħѪħǺɢ޳ʼߣΪ˼ΪײкݶڶѪɱ԰ټƵͬ⵽ڶҵ׷ɱΧˣڶɽȥõħ˵һλͷӻħˣŵԹҴ˭Ҳ룬ħȻڶ̶Ԫͻ˻ھ磬ǧǰȥħ½ڶ伣
˵ħ˶йѪħԹۡ
ħ˾ͷϣʶʿӭѪطɽ磡
̨ϣħ˵ڳϡҲｻ̸һƬϲ֮ɫ׷׹ӭӡ
˵ڳӣȻͬϲЩζ鸴ӡһλħ½صħ˻棬ħλʿȻʮ㡣
ȴ½ĻʿڳɫЩѿ
ħ½Ļʿʥȶɽ֮»ֶΧħ˿϶ҪռˣһҪԴ
˳֮£ⶫһ˵λãֻҪħ˸ѹΣա
Ҷڳգ˺һΪеͣ޷ֱѪħʥ֮䣬˭ΪһЩһλ棬ҪԸں;βʥп»ûס
ʿһƬϲڡ֮ʣѾʿԣʧı½һĿռ֮ţͻȻһɭɫâӼʧ£ĿռѷоޱȰɭǵâΪıɢǵصϯڳա
ڿУΪǿĽʿɿֲĽĳ֮£άֲסΣ׷״ӿеȥҳһšڶԪӤʿһɫɷףƴֿǹɭĽ
ʱڳʿɽδ£ħ½Ŀռ֮ĳŴ󺺣Ҳڿվѡ
ÿֲΪҪǿʵֲĽ
̨ϵڳϡǣ̧ͷŹ̨Ϸɢȥ¶һϮµĽޣݡ
߽壬ʵһʥɱȣƾѪħʵֻδʰڣ
½ĮɨһڳǵʿȻѪħ˵
½һ㵱ʿ󱲣˿ĳѪħʱðɣ˫˲ó죬һŵľްһߵ½޵껽һôûڱ鶳ǧǰǵĹڻû꣬㻹򣿡
򣬱ǡǧǰʰ㣬Ҳһܡ
껽ƺ⣬Į˵
ڳϿյռ֮ţУڳɢȥ
̨ϵڳϣۼǧζʿһ㽣ŵļҪ鼱ޱȣȴҳȰ
Ѫħŭ۾δ֣ȻЩ˼껽ʵ
ħû֣껽ȻҲ֡ڳǿҪΪһƬ档
̫껹ι𩣬ӭ棡
̨ϣϵ̫껹ϲѵĹݡ̨ϣԵĿ
̫껹Ļǰʿ̫껹Ƕһɹɷ˰
̫껹Ļǰ̫껹ʿڶˣ
ڳʿʱ׷Ľĵ
ħ½Ѫħɢ޳ڳЩħʿûʲôԨԴ
껽ͬλʿɹ̫껹棬ǧΪʿȥ˱½̫껹ԪӤʿ඼ᣬ϶շ
ţԪӤŲ㣬úȡͻƻھ磬ȥұ𣡡
껽ۿһ¹̨ϵ΢΢˵ͷ
ǣ棡

裬˷ѱħʱ䣬׼һǧƷʯʯħȥɱڣħ˵ħȥɱڣǱëɵٶȿ죬ܲɱɲ˵ܽΣħһҪ뿪ħ½ʯǲ˻ģ
ѪħɫĴϵ
ʲôһǧƷʯôҪôࣿ
ܱ֤ɱʥһǻŰɽ磿
̨ϣħ˵ĳϡǣԶʱһľ
һǧƷʯǶʮ˰롣ĿԲС˲֪ҪѶѪܵõ˶ʯ
ΪʥôɱħҪۣðΣգɱ뱾ħ˱ħ飡ħħ½µĻҵǻˣ˭ǿձħǷħһ飬ħ¡ѵʯ᲻ã
Ѫħһۣŭ
ħһŭ˺ħ˵ڳϡǶʱήˣٿ껽ָ˵
Ϊ׼һǧƷʯҪϵģһ
껽ƤҲû̧һ£Į
˵ĳ껽𿪿ڱѪħࡣһз࣬⼸ҪսƤܹӦʿȥɱʥ

˺ħϯǣԳＯʯΪλʿڳЪϢ˫ϯϡͷһۻᣬԲߡ
λ棬һڱҪȥǧƷʯʯǶɽʮ˰ܰ鰡ЩѪ˵ĶʿҾ죬ܹõһʲ
һλϯϸеʹ
֪ˣͼʮ꣬ܲڽʿ˵ĳϡɹ߲֮УĿǰвٸ߽ʿͣԪӤŲ㣬ֻɻ٣ͻƾ硣ܳһʿ϶ҪôߵĴۣʡʿ
Ϸ˵ˣЩȥħ½ͱ½Ļ棬Ѿסǵ˼Ƭ½ڶɽ硣ΪǰĶ飬ǲʩԮ֡ǿѪħ껽𣬶ǧȥ½ǵǰĶ顣ȥĻʿӰûʲôˡ
ڳǷ׷׿ڣԹࡣ
ˣҵм˽ͻƻ񣬿ɸոճΪʿʵҲδضǿʥĶ֡λ滯Ѿǧ꣬ʵͬСɡʤӦýϴ󡣡
̫껹Ĭ˺һ˼䣬Ե̫껽𿪿ҪôʯҲеԲ껽Լ棬ǿ˼䡣
ͻȻһԪӤʿӳɫţڡ
ô£ûҪ𣿡
һλϯϺȵ
ˡǰʮ𼱵Ľ鱨λϡͷʥڶٺǣٺǵĳǷƣرʧءдȺޡޣٺǧΧͼٺǣ
ʿæ
ʲô巴ɽˣ
ٺͷ˳һʧأ彫Ҷɽĸأ
ٺǽд󣬿ֱǰɳǣһʧأΣ
ٵʿϸٺս
ڣʿǴʧɫ׷վҲסˡ
죬Ｏصʯλϸٺǣɱʥ
˵ĸ߲ﻹ˵ü۰


657 սǰϦ
Ѫɳȫܣٺ⵽ȫͬ
Ѫڶ޺Ļ֮أ㱻ˣҲᶯҡɽĸ
ٺǲͬǶɽ˵ҪŻɳ֮䶼д󣬿ƶɽͷرܼ˵һڳǣ¾ٺˡ
سһʧأѾѪռϷʿԴٺǳֱ붫в֮¡
ʮ𼱵սĴ̼ˡħ˸߲һֱ񾭡
ʿʨӴ󿪿ڣҪĶǧƷʯͷҲҧó
ϾֻҪɽȹ̣ʯ˰궼ջҪǶսң⵽ԴǺɲǶǧƷʯԽġ
˵ħϯϣڳЪϢλʿѸٳֶԸڡɳǿصĶǧƷʯѸ֧λ档
СʯҼ£ҲħʣħȥʰͷëͷȡʯͨٺǵĴ󣬻δرհɣ
ѪħѶҲ΢΢ɫ
ô󹦷ħ½ضɽ磬ٹõʯȻ¡
ѪľƣɳǱڴݻ٣ҲɴСҪʥɽˣԸġҲס
߰ɣʥһٶɳǡٲҲȥһ䣡
껽˹ϵΪܣԣüͷ
Ϊλ·
ħ˵ϯڳеĴȥ
ѪħһѾһ⣬ȥͨٺǵĴ
껽Ҳû˵ʲôĬȻϡ
ʿڳǵˡħ˵ϯϡͷǣ΢˿
黹ûꡣ
λԳ֣ԸʥΧٺǵģԼʿ岿Ĵҵ辡ԪӤʿϸٺǲٺǵĳǷѾ⵽ƻԵĴٽ²˳٣λϡͷٻظϵϸٺǲսԽԽã
˵һλϯϣʿѾʧڴӰ˵
岿䵨ٺǣҶ˱һӭͷʹ
սڴһˣ
ߣϷȥ֡λ
ˡħ˵ĸ߲㣬׷׼
ˡħ˵ͷڳϷ׷ɢȥµʿ顣
ڳɳǣѾӵսЧʵתšԪӤʿ׷ڳǼУϸٺǡսʣҲǰ͡
ɳǵĴ󣬼ҹͣҫŴ͹â

˱ϵĴԪӤʿϯӴϵ£̶̰˼ᡣҶҲУһ֧ԪӤʿСӵӡ
ϵԪӤʿٺǴֵʱٺѾʥѪħ껽ʿӰ
ϵȸϵԪӤʿе֪֮ǰʿʥٺǸɱذս˽һʱ
ʥһԶѪħ껽Ķ֡
ƵʥȥʿѾ׷ɱȥҪڸɵ׽󻼡ʥޣɱôס
ٺǾǧľӪǷ쳣ǿ󡣶ʿʥȻֻһĳ
ٺڻµʿЩҡ
ҶؼʥֻٵɳǵĿֲƣڿٺʱ¡շ֣ǿɳǣƬиϱڡ
⻹õģԭٺǵļݵ㣬ѾױĨȥۼû¡
ҶЩҲûٶ롣
ʱ˵һԪӤʿԴԴϵĴٺδٵĴڳǽʿ
ͨ󷨺ͻصʿڼӽ޸ٺǲķͷںͷ֡
ϵһҴСƷײһսѾգٺǵķߣһããſɳǣڿڳ򶫷սϣսΧųȺԦɽԪӤʿâγһĺâ
ٺ߰ǧ֮⣬ĺ޳˷ӿչģļᡣ岿ʿڴѪظ˵أ֮ӴƱաټĺޣǿɳƵޱ޽硣
ԣɱʡ
Ҷһɽϣ˿ԼߵʿӪԶ岿Ӽᣬɫء
ԭɢѪ岿ʿΪʿӪȫ泷ˣѾʧȥ˹Ŀ꣬Ǵ˵ؼᣬ׼򶫺ɽͷرٺǡҿƣ岿ʿûɲ𣬴ʿڴѪϹ
ʿʥʱͬҹڿٺǣ⵽
˿̻ʿʥѾԶԶȥԽǰʧȥ˳Ƿٺǣʿض㾡ȫȫ湥ƣһٹδҪɳǳء
Ļᣬ˵ѷꡣһٺǣսֽŤתʿɥʧȨ
ҶزңûûʸһͬǰȻһ⣬ΪͽԪӤ㣬Ϊûȹ̣սϸȲСͨзɽⳡģѪսУȷȫ
λжӵսʱս
Ӫڵķ΢΢ҡҡͷϽĴս
ҶصһϽԪӤʿϽսϵɹĹԼһЩϣҲ׳ͨսԪӤʿǴ
սĹͷɹҲûбʵıҪЩҵǧĶɹһó߰սʮСս
ϵսĻգһӴĽȺٺǵС
ҶԼСʹսɼ൤𵤵ӼԦϽսԱߡ
ҶϽ콢Ľףս
ǰѪسǺͲսΣǰսĹģֱС׼ס
ٺգˡħ˼еԪӤʿʿһսſ˴ʹߣΪɫ⣬Ӫڴ
ƸΪ׳ۡ
ҶڴѪǱȥ֮䣬Ϻ£ѾȫǺѹѹ޳޴Ӽ
˴սģһλս
ǴӮˣɽӮ޸ٺߣһʱ䣬ܳһʱڶ֯Ľ˻ⳡճ־õսʹ˽
ˣɽŻռݣɽ󲿷ʿʵڴģɽ罫һصĴΣ
Ҷֻġءһ
սϣʿͬҲƽͨ죬ޱȡ
ͨظţģʱóˡϣظţģұϵ콢֮ף׳Ҷɽƣ
˿˫Ŀ¶⣬һ˿̷â¶ԶԶ

Ͻƹϣ̼
ʲôظţģѵϹս𶫺棿Ǿ˵Ѿʧ֮ô
Χʮʿһ޲Ȼ
ظţģǿǴͨڱ
ظţĵϢһʯǧˣʱʿȻ󲨡ϵͷԪӤʿע۷׷ס
Ҷһ
֮ǰظţĽţһֱûмʲôҪ˹ĸˡû뵽žȻսľսͷóպյظţġĶʿӪʿļңĹ
˵ظţĵĹѾ𣬳еڶظţƤ޸д£
ϯӴϼæ׷ʡ
ͷĴͨȷѾԻָϹսʱֲЩ跨ʮͷСظţƤ档ȻظţģѾ޷ӰǧﷶΧѹĴвʥҲʮﷶΧ˷Χη壬ʹ޳Ҵ˹Ļãٻһʵ׳Ҷʿƣ壡
ãϹŴظţĵĹ飬ɱЩΪʹ죡
ˣظţĶҲΪۣ»Ϊ׵Ŀꡣ´սҵٽսȫϽ콢սظţģ
Ӧˣظţʧã³ǶʿУĻأ
ظţȻɥʧ룬ʿЩʧܿ˷ܱûкáһʱ䣬˱ϵʿʿǣսǰϦĽգҲһɨգԾԾԡ
ʱʾ£Ѿظţ֣óϽ콢սףѾ׼õսλϡ
ظţĵľŸţͷţŨѪ⡣ƺһƬޱ޼ʵѪ˲ֱӡ
Ͻ콢ϣڶԪӤʿĿ⣬ʱ˹ȥһ֮ĵðһɵս׷תͷٿȻ䰲


658 ֪ƣѪս
˱ظţģڽףϵʿʿʱǡ
ϵͷǼ״Ҳʾ׷óڵĹűϹĴͨ٣ɱʥãȡԶʮϵĵر
˺ħ˸߲Ϊսѹ׵Ĺرóˡ
ȻЩͨΪʹߵΪԭ򣬲ȫķӳҲͬСɣڽĴսУΪʿĺĹ
Ӫ˼ʱ䣬ڽޡ޳ϡ֮ʱҲǿս֮ʱ
Ѫѹѹ޳ʼٺȫ߱ƽ
ʿӪ˸߲㷢ָͷʮ콢Ľ޹̨ϣĺŽǷսķ
ءأأأ
ͨսʼģٺǷԲǧؼ䣬۳һۻ磬
һֳΧķԱʿܵзƵѹƺӰ졣
Ѫսף
ʿŭ
ΨѪսйеǹ޷ֹķŭ
ΨѪսϴˢѪܵĳ衣ʿʿɳĶɽܼ׷ѰѰȴʿΪ֮ܶϢ֮·
𣡡
ƺǻӦʿߵĺƴƣѾƽﷶΧ޳У޺۳һ޺𣬰žȷ磬һͷͳǧĿԶޣһͼ赲ˡ
ˡħˣ
ʱ˿̣ٺսߵϷˡħ˱գ貹âľ޴ħ϶µʿӪ
սУӪʿǣѾž
ؼΨԽԽƽ޺Լսڻص
أжսֿ׼Ŀǰʮ
һͨУսֹ֣ܴڵڿڣʼ۸ɫҫ۹â
أʿԪӤ׼ս
ڶͨУ󲿷ʿѾ׼˸ԵķɽԼͨ
޳Ѿ嵽սǰʮﷶΧʮʮʮ
أڣ
ͨ
ս´
ٺǵĳͷдڡԼսڵĴССһƬҫ۶Ŀ貺ǵӿϮȥ
һͬʾ
պͺϣΪݡޣԪӤΪޣһ³ͬ۳һƬŰ񱩵޳ײӭսܴں
䣡
춯صľޱǰããһƬĴ۹âжʿţĿӡ
ⳡѰޱɢನսķʱ
ԪӤʿȻ֣ʮﷶΧʮƵĺޡݣԼ̫ĻޣѾⳡԺУΪ̳ؼʧ
һʹͽ޳ǰϰߡǰΪϵ͡޷ȻڶԺ·磬޳Ϊڻҡ
ǧƵĴСս䣬ǿ˿־塣˵ޡޣʮʥҲסܼĹڿ䣬ʮʥҲܸ
ȻˣʥɵȥӲɽʵս䡣սķٶȣ׷ʥķٶȣвʥ

ɱ
һֽ䣬ʮﷶΧ޳˲ءսһ£սΧѾ׼õԪӤʿʿ̿ǰɱӿ޳
λѣϷɱȥ
Ҷɽ磬ǶȾָүȫǣ
ɳǳǻѪծվЩѪ죡ɱ
޳ڵһԺУǰʧأ͵ĳƶʱһǺ޳ûֹͣ
ʿӪʿǸǣɱ졣
ԪӤʿֱĺɱС
սں͸ڣʼԵ
ʱÿһڻĶʯѾûܹ˵ˡڵĽʿ̵ֻʱ࣬ڣʵΪӪӮһơ
ҶϽ콢ףѾܿǰ޵Ŀǿеս⣬ſƳֵ
״ظţǰ༸ԪӤʿԷٿŴظţʥŹƳɵһ鳣أһ͵Ļڹϡ
ŹһۿɼѪɫ⣬ԴظţΪɢ
ͬʱʮﷶΧڵеĵͽޣ־ĺ˺󷽻޵ʹҵ󷽺ͺӴܣ޳ơ
ȻǸ߽ޣҲڴظţĵĹ¾֮ɫ
Ͻ콢ΧʮﷶΧ޳ĳƣʿɢսڵĺ£ֱһһ׼Ļӡ
λϵͬսˣɱ
ظţĴľ棬ҶĻᣬ̺ԥϽִսϣҲȻȻ˱ϵʿսϣսк֮Ȩ
սҶһ֧ԪӤʿСӣ˳ȥ
սˣɱ
ϵĸսϣսԪӤʿȣϡ

ɱ
һһҹҶڷҵսϣһ̶ûͣЪ۾Ѿɱͨ죬Ũҵɷ
ΧһһԪӤʿʿʿΪĽ߶£ҲΪˡ¡棬Ʈ˺ޡݣԼʿĸʬˮΪɺɫ
ҶսмƷƣֱܹӻָеķСͨѪսһһҹҲƣ붼ûУе֧һƬ⣬ȫòԪ
ЩҶһս£γսԪӤʿҶصɫˣţη
ֱһ֪ƣɱ񣬶ȫսУûκͣЪϽִսϣɱҳ־ã˱ϵûеڶ
ҶصСͨн󣬹һ壬һһʩչͬӵͨ޻ͨޡޣһһĶ֣ü򣬾ͱɵǿϣҲκβ

ҶصĿɺȣȴΪƽ
ƬɱսƺѾԶ롣
ĿУֻΧΧһһ壬Ⱥޡ
ģѾˡ
ٺǣսһһԪӤʿ
ƬսϣһԺУȴ
ؼһУÿһƺԺг֡

ûԥֱһƬ⣬ɿ񱩵Ԫڳڵľ硣ԪӤΪͻƵĸоɱûľңһֺ죬ԪѸٵա
ֻҪٹʱͻԪӤ߲㣬һԾΪԪӤʿ
ʿǷ²⻳ɣǷע⵽
һ̣ûȥǣѾȴˡʶ֮УЩѾҪҪսϣԼٶΪľ
䣡
Ҷһȡ
ȫʹ£âͨɫĽɴС
貶ĿĽ֮УһͷӥչӰ֣ٵ߳Ľɫγһƴ֮â֣֧߳Ľɫâ
š쬡ƿ˲䱬Χ޳֮С
ۡ
ǧڣǰĳȺ˾ŽޣִٷâͼֵЩâǵڽɫâ£ֽͬһ㱻˺
һܼĴ͸ԼѪУʮͷݺͺޣӿе߳뺣ף޻⵽˼
ǽӥ޵츳ͨҲǿĹ˿̣ӡСͨУѾΪҶصǿֶΡʩչʮޡ
ؼף
Ҷط꽣䣬ֿڽһס
Ų㵴ɫΣһСȵףҫŹâҶذһʮɴСؼ׾ˡ
ȺĹϣҲֻһɫƶѡ


659 ͻƣԪӤ߲㣡
սսʿӪСսһƬΧʿâĹ㣬顣Ӫɫ޳ڣ˳һ㳯ʿӪȥ
Ӫ͵ײһ𣬳ΪһﳤľκˡϣĿĵһƬããѪɫʱţǰĴƬ޳ۿɼٶСʿӪĹâҲʧ
սޱȵսУ޳ǰʿߣʿҷֽ޳ˡ
˱ϵϽ콢ڣҲ⵽޳ĳ
ǣʼһѪɫʿӰ綤һĶ콢ǰʮ֮أһû˺벽
Χ޳ǣͬһӪĶʿΪöסѹˣҲ˿ûг˵ļֱЩʿֳ߸ȹ̡
˱ʿĿⶼ۽ǵѪӰϣֻҪǵѪӰڣǱζսδʧʿʯ
ҶսϣɱĵͽѾԼɱʿͬ١
һһҹսŨҵѪɷʵʣʮɷΧγһɽѪɫɷѪɷγ֮ʱЩͽһҶʮɷΧڣһǿҵĿ־壬̲סתӡ
ţѪɷ
ڼ̵ʱڣɱӯҰγһʵʵѪɷ
Ѫɷʧ벻ϵɱά֡ҶѪɷάա
ΧͬһӪҶظսԪӤʿǣ֪Ѫɷľ
ǰ޳ģʬѪ
ɱڣ޳ʧ޴󣬵սȣɱһЩʿͼԪӤʿ֮⣬δƶӪսӡ
޳мĲʿ˱ϵǵǿѪɫӰ޵ҧгݡĵطûսʿΨǵѪӰһͷһǵĿϡ
ɶ񣡡
ɱ
СͨɽһζֻܶԸޣһϣɱ
ʮޣͻȻӲд޳֮У˷˳ǲһеĺɱҶء
ҶһƬ飬̲޳֮гԼʮǿ
ʹôнʵͬʱӦͨ޵ΧֶΣֹ
ҶѾûη֮ģ˿û⣬΢΢˷ܡҲ֪ԼȫֶΣҵսϣͬʱӦ϶ٻ޵ȫΧ
֮
ҶصͺһľһɨӳľϵŭХһââΪһľ綾ΧƣдǧɷΧ鶼ɡ
κ
溣ŭ·档
䣡
˳𣬻ΪһƬӴСӺֱգΧѾȾѪУͬ׵ĹѪߡ
ԭ
ҶԱ׳ƽա
ͷϣһƬķڻơ
СͨʱܴΧͨ˾Ž׵ޣһ
䡱
ٵ߽âΧâס
ؼף
ϹϺס
Сͨ츳һʩչꡣ
ҶصΧСͨķ
Ͻн󣬺ųͬ޵У˵ܹĲϵɽҲֻнܹ
ҶʶٿСͨɽԼΧ˫ֻöѪӡΧޡҪȴ˵
ǳߣҲǵڡ
Ҷڵĵطۼһ˱ϵԪӤʿҲǳصġ
ɱ
޸ֶΣţ
ЩԪӤʿʮ޳ҶȫͻϮɱޣȫɱЩޣֵҶصѹһޱЩԪӤʿ¡
ܳҶΧޣֻ߰
һԪӤʿ˵ͷƤ顣
߰޳忪綾Ĳ֮ƾŭУŴԭǿеֵסٵ䣬ѾƤ˲Ĵˡ
׼Ҷصؼ֮ʱһеΪֹˡ
СͨɽΪɾ޽ǿн¡
öѪ٣⼸ޱ䡣
žž
ѪٷǼ޲ƣѪ̺ݺݵ޵Ѫ֮УѪѪⱩǡ
ҽ׹棬ܿҽԽԽ
ѪٵĿ֮ڣֻҪһմѪ⣬ʵǣԴʮ٣Ϊʮһסʮףʮʥ٣ԽԽֱֲѵһûѪĿݹΪֹҪ˵ޣʮʥҲѪټɵޱȣԸȥǡ
޵ͨǿᣬͨɽԻˣǶѪ˵ǼֱǴ󲹵ǿҲֵסǵķա
ѪٲǶɽ֮Щûм֪ǵ
ҶزٿСͨɽһ־֮ͼߵޣնͷ­µĺ棬ֶ߰޵Ŀݹǡʬ塣ѪɷŨһ֣ʺ޵Ľϡ
̶̵ֻİ㹤߰ΧҶصޣһʣ
ΧЩɱ޵ԪӤʿм˶֣׼ͷԮ⵽ΧҶأȴҶѾ߰޸ɾĸˣһɾĿɿڴ
Ҷزٿطɽ䵭ĮĿ⳯Χʮսȥ
֪ʱѾͻ˵߲㣬̤ԪӤڡ
ԪӤʿϲ飬Ƕ˵ֻ˳Ȼ
ڶɽ磬ԪӤڣѾεʿʸȥھ硣ԪӤڣԿԼǻ˳ЦһԪӤڣֵڴ飬κҲ޷ȡ
һ˱ϵӿ޺޳ԪӤʿʿɱ£˴룬֮С
ЩͼΧҶصޣ׹һĵ׷ԻɱҶس׾ԹŭУһ޳˰ܶȥ֯һĹƣвҶء

ԶսɣƲߴ
Ѫħ껽𣬲֪ʲôʱѾأϢĹע·ٺǵսӪͶӪļ伤ңǶǻʿ˵ԵЩȤ
ǷٺǣǲûвսֵĴ㡣
һڵͽʿĴսһֲпʵսʿ֣ǻҪЩͽʿʲôԣֻҪûʥ֣ʿǲֵġ
˵ˣսִڣ޳ȻǵƱˣǶӪһֱȹ̣ռϷ硣Ҳòȥ֡
ʥܳ־֣ٺɳǵĻֳǷٺڹ
껽ĽǰٰʥЩ֣ӮǾܣһߵĹûУҵ𣿡
Ѫħѿ죬š
ѪħɨսսսһѪӰ
ӴսһԪӤʿҲʿע⣬ѪӰʩųѪ٣ȴѪħһ
ѪħɡסһСӴľϵõѪٰɣڶɽûУôŪֵġѪɷأɱĿ湻ݰʵڱħԵͷս
Ѫħָ·ǵѪӰһ껽껽СӦ˵ͽͽûȤ£ȥ飿Ҫħȥħ
껽Įĳ·ȥĿЩӣ޵ǡҴȥħһ쬵Ĵʧ


660 ͹
С޵ǡ𣿡
Ѫħס껽뿪˺һ·սȥ

Ӫޱ޼޳Ĵ󷽡
ʥӰޡҪ˵ʿΧҲδǵĴڡ
ڶӳ϶һټŻϮٺǡϧûҳڶӳѾʿˣɶ˵᲻ٺأ
βó仯ƻ뷢ټס
ҵֱɱȥ鿴һǣʿֵܵҵȲɣ
סΪûʥҪս˺ͻʿսٺֻ񣬵˭֪ûк֣Щޣǳ鷳ʥֻ²ּͻʿս¡
һʥӳҡҡͷͳɳƵ
ȻˣɣڶӳʥβӲ˶Զᱻҳҵֻڻʿʥ֮ǰɱʥʥɣ
ʥʧʥʥϵˣʧ

սһҹǰ޳ʧأʮ߰˳ɡǺ޶ս޳ɢȥ
ӪƵƣһ޳ʱȥ˵ǧ֮⣬¼ᡣ
ҶһһҹѪսûɱսĵˣֹͣһֿʶ֮Уѹս
΢΢Ц
սͻԪӤ߲㣬»ٵĲ²ɡ
ûʲôϵɽһʵ˵ĵطɺͲ²⣬ʵ伣
Ҷʰ˼ջشзɽ˱ϵս
ΧսڶԪӤʿʿ޳ȥæȡսϵĸսƷ顢Ƥ޹ǡƵķȵȡЩĺö⣬ЩʿʬҲҪȥˡ
ս˼ңϴѪɷʿʵټҶѪɷŨҵķϣȴ޼ͬסͽʿжһֿ־壬ԾıãȥѪɷâ
Ͻ콢ϵٳϡڶԪӤʿҶشк̲ס¶Ҷء
ЩݴСսʿǣһޱȣݵҶء
ϽִսҶϣ˵𵤳ھͳΪϽĳˣ̫ǿˣ
ĿȻ߻ۣȻͷҶϵʵ
ҶòᣬǶɽԪӤʿԪһɣţ㹻ʱ䣬ȥ廯ھ磡
µԪӤʿɱϣ϶Ĵ
ҶضЩֻܵûص콢һ徻ĵطЪϢ׼һѪս
ʱͻȻɸߴһâֱ£䡱һͭŴ󺺣žްѪɫ«ȵսͷļװϡ
콢ɾһ¡
ӭѪ棡
֪٣кηԸҵȶ߾ȫ
콢ʿв˵ĳϣѪͻȻ֣Щ񣬲֪ħ˵棬Ϊ˵սϡæӭλħ˵Ļ档
ö񣬲ǵģ
Ѫħֵİ˰֣һָҶأСӣħ㼸飡
Ҷһ£ʵʵ˹ȥ
ߣǵǱȥġ
ѪħΪһҫĿѪ⣬ѾžƽϢĺս
Ҷ
սϣܹԪӤʿ֪ѪҶظʲôͷֻиɵ۵ķݡ
ȻʿȴĽޱȡ
Ǻ»£ܵõټǶޱȵҫɲĸʿĴ

ѪħսգһƬսʿǶߣȻѪɫ«һס
ҶЩƣ֪Ѫħʲô
ֻѪɫ«ڸ߿գһתΪһֻǧɵѪɫ޺««ڳ·
޵Ѫ⡢ʬ壬޵ѪɫˮΪһκѪ«ȥ̶һСΧʮﺣϣǧͷƯŵʬ壬ʬɽʬȫѪ«һȥˡ
ʹ죡ζ΢һ㣬Щ߽޵Ļζ㡣СӣҪҪڣѪر𲹡һڣ㼸µС
ѪħСѪ«๾͹˼ѪƣЦѪ«Ҳ֪ʲôͨķʬ壬ֱΪѪơ
òãǰñˡ
ҶؿͷƤ飬æҡл
СӣѪӣǴŪģǴӶҵģҪϡ޷ĵرһطʺĵطֻ硣⣬ôŪֵģ
ѪħƣͻȻһ䣬ͭӣĶҶء
ǰǰλͬʿȥһ˶Ž硣䷢һѪ٣һЩʮԪӤӡûãܿ뿪ˡ
Ҷһ£û
Žͨƻʿܹ֪ҲܹȥѪٶԪӤʿ˵ǶͨĻʿʲôĶ˼ֻƲۡ
ҲûҪ
вģҽ磡ʵ̫ûʥע⣬ŽһŽȥųǻʿȥٲһ鷳
Ѫħ꣬ЩˡľϵʿѪӶҲûôֻʡҶأĿǿҶ벻ȥħ½
ԪӤڣѾħ½վסˣȥħ½죿Ǳɱⶫǿ̫ˣﻯϣɡħĻϣ϶߰˳ɡħħռһƬأȱܴɱĺҿСѪɷʮ㣬ͦģħһ죬Ѫƹȣ鵤ܹʯԿ
Ѫħ˼ѪƣҶصļ
ҶЩЦãѪħصĿǣһµῼǣ
һ󣬱ħӿռֱ֮ӷħ½ܲסռ籩ò˿ռ֮ţֻܶɺȥɺĻƵҪҡɺȥħ½ȵħ½ħȥϱħűУ˴·ȥҵءȥͶңܸģħҼӱ㣡
ѪħŵôҶȥħ½󣬱ˡ
ҶسˣûӦҪͶѪħء
һѪ棬Ҳûг׾ܾħ
ǰһѯʡ
Ҷһ£˵
ɶ£˵ħһ켣ħ½ǧ꣬ûв֪ġ
Ѫħʮָɴࡣ
֪ǰ֪ҵԪӤƪƪ˲󣬵δҵ֪ħ½ûУ
ҶʵûкĹ֪ȥѾΪһĲˡ
СӸҪġ
ѪħƤ鴤һ£ͷһ䣬ƵĹ˼Ѫơ
ô˵ˡ
ѪħЩʣ˵
ɽ磬ǹ˷ѣΪڵ˺ħˡ
׷Ѱǣ޹ңȡ;
ħһԼΪ⣬ֶΣԼ֤
˺ħˣ⼸ʮ˲ٿţ˲ɷӡǸЩٵش춫ɽĹޱ硣
ǹ˵һʵǿЩʿܶ඼ֹЩʿɨ˶ɽ磬ʥڣ̤㶫ɽ硣Ǵ˶ȥħͱ飬´Ƭ̡˵ֻһıܣѾ㲻׷󡣡
ûԸȥЩĻʿ
ʿֹ̫飬Լ˶壬Ը⽫⹦ȥ⹦ʿԽԽ١ڼϣڶˡħΰм٣ӦѾд汾
һ˵ʿȴԽ࣬ʵԽǿһ죬㡶޵ɣԼˣѪħ껽ҲСһֵֻĶ֡ˣ⹦Ҳա½캮ضǸطȤĺܣԶħ½ʹ졣ȥħ½·;ûģħһ׶ħҲȡ١˵صսҲμӣȥħ½һħ½ҵħ
Ѫħ˵ˣҶصĿЩҲ֪ǼɵǸ̾һЩԼҲ˵п
ҶؾסãҲ˵һ仰
ѪħʲôʱˣҲ֪
ԭټĶɽ磬ҲһᡶԪӤƪԭ
ĺȴ
ʵϣ֮ǰսҹĸҶɱ£֪Уƺһֿľ磬ȴһУ΢ľ硣״һһҹɱĿޣѹ
ⲻĿ׷󣬶һֱܡ
ҶԭЩɻѪħһɸеȻ
һͨȻֻѧڡڡڵĹҲ̺˺ԪӤ⡣սֹɱʹУݵĽ˸εľ硣


661 ŮС
ҶسȥѪħѾ֪ȥ
ѪȾĺֻһˡ޳ʱȥģԶٺǣʿץ޸ٺǵĳǷսߣսһʱҲ
Ҷص˼ȴսϡ
ԪӤ߲Ϊڶɽ緶ΧѾǼʿ⣬ֻڹһ£ֱԪӤŲ۷塣
񾳽磬˵Ѿǽߵ顣
ڶɽ磬лʿҪĸߵȽ
Ϊ˳񣬻ǻ֮綼Ҫǰħ½Ǳ½ѡһ⵹ҲѣץǩҲܾ
Ҷͷ۵ǣҪҪ
ΪԪӤʿ;ԼѾõľɹ¹еĴɡ
ÿһɹԼۻзʽһ¾ɹ֮䣬ܻܿҵĳͻ֮һ߻ħķռ
ǲĻңȴΪۣȥȡǿʵ
ȴһУ

ҶأԦɽϽ콢ڴס
콢ףӴϵȵȼ߲ʿ̹
ҶϣղѪһˣ˵ʵҪ˷ˣǰħ½ҸӴˣѪȶɽˮ֮УҪҲؿǣˣʱ뿪սǰħ½
˵ЩûʣĵȴЩΡʵѪħΪ˷ˣӦ˵ĶƷʯķãʷ൱ˡֻ⻰ȴ˵ڡ
ҶϣȻѪ濴ʵҪЯ㣬Ȼֹɡħ½˵ħ˵ĵ̣Ҳвٻϵ츳ʿΪʺڱ½ԭҲȥħ½Ǳ˵ˣҲ˵ĳϡ
ӴϽų
ħ½ͱ½˵ûʲô𡣴¹Щ˵ɡѪħأһһԴ⡣
Ҷһ£ʵ
Ѫħִ˵صս£˿ӦȥѰڵ˰ɡ껽Ҳ֪ҲٺǸ޷ָ㡣
ӴһۣҡҡͷѪȥҲֻǲ²⡣ǵΪʵҶѾ޷ָҶء
ˣֻպ˵ˡ
Ҷص˵ͷͶ˸ǣ뿪Ͻ콢ǰ콢Զһսս
ս˽սսʮ൤Ľ𵤵ӣˡ
徲õıʿ
Ͻ콢ϵԪӤʿ̫࣬һĵطҲ㡣
Ҷ˴սһŮǰҶʦ壬һʿ˵㣬ԳˡʱսϣΪн飬˴û뵽ڴյ᷿㲻ˣڻڲڵ᷿˵˴ȥ
Ů˵ʿ黹ЩȻм
ˣ
Ҷزɻ
ʲôˣǰʶĽ֮⣬޶ˡֶ鲻ҲӦòǡ
ҶؽսĴ֣᷿Žȥ
᷿ڣһ欵ŮʿǪǪһöޱȵĻҵЦӯӯһЦҶϣ˰һЦķ飬ԵߵԪӤʿǸΪ
ƺѾ֪Ҷػ
ǰǰô
ҶĿɿڴŴ˿ڼ˵
Ѫ껽Ѱʥټʥ׷ɱβʥ
βʥ֪ʲôȴĴսϡ
磬öɽٲסöҵ֮С
ҶһԼĴϿβˡ

βü̾һ֮ȴһŮӵ֮ء׷Ľнڴͨ߿ÿһ䡣ʿˣСŮӸպ⵽󴬣ݱһ£㿪ߣҶϲɣ
ң
Ҷͷ亹þβʥҪŮӣǶɽҲ˸Գǿˡ
֪ʲô𣿡
βҶǫѷ̬ȣöҵ˵öҵҶʱҲɻʲôңҲΪҶ֪ʲôöҵ顣
֪öѡλʥµĵѰɣ
Ҷϸ˿ҡͷ
öҵϸܵѺۣۼļµâͻââƻãޡǰӥϳԵöҵһģһ
֪ʲô
βһλʥܵ´ѣһͳˣֵĵЩʥλŽʥǸߵ峤λǧһá
ǻƻʥҪʥʥӦ֪ǺʥڻƻʥСʥǧ꣬Ѿ˼Ž硣ʥ֣ȴ֪ã޴֡
β̾һԱʥǿȫעȥҹȻ󺣣ʥľ㷴ӦûСʮϰʥ֮Ҳ޷ֺһɣʥҲ޷ŻὫڻƻʥ
ҶʶȤıųĬⲻùʵġ
ˣˡ
βƳһҶأʥֻҪһ¶棬ڶӳʩչнڴ󷨣϶ҵҵ䡣ʥ˵أĴڶӳߡ
˵ôսǰһңŻкܶʿЧͣ
ҶƣЩɵĵβʥ⴬ϣʮ־ܲڡǺܲġ
ǣڻ뿪ɽ磬ȥ½ս²ࡣԪӤŲҲһڵ飬ܿȥ½ħ½ǱʥҪġ
βƤһЦЩǿǿˣ
ǰȥħͱ½ܱܿʥ׷٣
Ҷʵ
ڶӳнڣֻܼӶ½ļԶҲȥ½
β
ðɡǰڴ᷿ϢԸ˴ȥȥˣȹЩʱգսǰȥ½
Ҷ˺һֻ뿪᷿һҲɣҪ˵֣βʥгʮ˿ιޡ
ˣʥǰ˵յŮСࡣ
βƺܷģһҲҶػ
ʵϣ׷ɱôã׷ɱҲû˼ֺҪɱôסҶصΪʵһβȥʰʿҲκβ
Ů
Ҷ᷿żʱ򣬲һӡԼɽǿƵʿ˭иʥŮģȻŮͷʵ


662 ൤
Ҷ뿪᷿ƽһ飬΢΢ü˼˼֡
βʥĴڣԣɽɽʵǿɲѡҲӲ
Ĵսڣһʥ֣пʥķ񹥻ɻ꼰㣬֮֡
ڣʥѪħ껽ʿ׷ɱԹ˲Ͼ
ֻҪ¶棬ҪããɽУҵսеڴ롣һеǰᣬܱ¶
ΪҪһţǰ½ѾڱС
ҪһЩš
ȥĸ½ҲѾҶشذ׸ǣʸ㡣
һǰңԶĴ½ֻºлصɽˡ൤񣬱봦ƣͱܰ뿪
⣬һΪҪ⣬ǾͱҪΪʵ½ȶɽ磬вٻʿڣԪӤʿǱߵĵλ²ߡû㹻ʵǺ½ġ
Ȼذ׸ǣһɣ
ҶҡҡͷڴսϷΪĴ㡣˴գԸϵ൤Сź򣬲õ᷿λյġŮڽ޸ٺǣӷæĴ󣬴˰׸ǡ
Ҷػص׸е˽˸ۡ
æ֪ͨڱչصĻʸʸ֪Ҷشսӱչҳϲӭӡ
Ƕʿʤˣ
νңⳡǧսճ̶Ȼö˵ɲձܴʤ
ʸԪӤ㣬ʵǿΪҶطչԼǿûиȥ
ȻΪҶصʵÿյĵǣңȻԸӡ
ʸȴûϵҶôʹٺǵսɼ
սûأӪѪ˴޳ǰǣһʱꡣҶº͵ЦЦսԼѪħȷϸ˵һ顣
ô˵Ҫȥ½ˣ
ʸ
ѪħߵĽβʥҲԸڶź൤ڶɽĴУǾͶʥ˵ת֮󣬻ȻҪŵ൤պһ֮
Ҷصͷ
Ҷ硢ȥģҲȥģɱ¡һڶҲˡһԵİæ˵
ǺǣҪڶһҪû˹»൤
ҶЦ
ʸŰ֣԰ֵӣҲĽڶ
Ҷûж˼Ƥͷϲ˳ţҶض˵˵Щ˽Ĳɹ׸ϲʳһЩȤ²ǰ𼱴ҴҳȥĿġǳɺĿζ£ҪûȤĶҪˡ
Ѿͷ
ʸŰıӰǳЦҡҡͷ
ȻҪ뿪൤һвܷ൤ߣôš
ҶŻʸģɳ齱£ϵ㣬
൤һֱǻʸڴҶؼٹʡ
ʸҶصĻУһ˼Ҷ˵˱ϽϣҲٲ˷ĹףѾ御ϷȥҲڴˡֻҪϽڣ൤ܵⲿѹҪ൤ʵҵ򱦡桢ȻⵤԬơ밲λĸ߲ʿ⣬ΪѾ𵤾Ų㡣ֻҪ㹻ԪӤǰͻԪӤָտɴ൤ְλԪӤʿڶվȽŸԱ֤൤һĴвҵ൤Ĺ൤СӦ顣ټԪ൤ŵӣԼ۵Ĵҵ൤ǣܳü̳ȥ
λԪӤʿ㹻൤ʯˡһԪӤԪ൤ںȻбڣһɹӦÿ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ôգҾȥ׼ǵĶɽ֮
ţ
ҶŻлʸֽʵˣڽذ͹ߣȥϸỬĴУһ緢
ʸɫ糺죬Ҷصؿڣ˫Ŀգ촽򣬷΢
Ҷһӣɫ޺ʽ¡

ա
ʸȥ˷׼൤ʿɽ֮
Ҷרȥһ˰׸ǵ
ٺսУ߽޲սȻʿڼսУϾȡͨ飬߽еļƷ飬ȴûĸʿ÷Ź
սһʱӿ˴߽׼Ʒ飬в硢Եϡ顣
ҶصİССͨҪָ߽޵顣
Ҷίȥչ飬СɽֻҪУǮѾ⡣
⣬ǰ½ҶҲҪ׼ʯҪһЩԪͨһˡ
׸ǵҶѾǵһˡĹͨίвɹС漫Ʒ飬ƳСͨķɽ
Ҷ뿪Ѿȥһ硣

ʸ򱦡桢ȻⵤԬơ밲Ȱλʿֱӷ⣬嵽˽ھŲ㡣һöԴڳ嵽ԪӤŲ۷壬ִԪԽʿĺôֱ
ȻΪֹйܣ൤ĺĸ߲еĴ൤ͨӣֻܵõЧܶԪڽ
ǰ˽ǱչأҶƵԪӤԪӤھ硣
Ҷغͻʸһ߼ԪӤΪһΪǻ
Զ׸ǣһСȺɢĵ϶ɽ١
ҶصĮվһ麣ϣƹۼƱáʱ׼֣Ϊص൤١
Ҷֻżſ϶ˣΪѾѸٴﵽԪӤ˲㡣ʱƣϵɫѪɷȥ
ſԱߣеŴѵǣƴʳ̺ŨŸոԪӤ㣬ٶѾ죬ɱҶһء
ͷĺޣ֪ǳƬѾʬںϡ
ʸڲԶѾԪӤڣֱԪӤ㡣ҶصΪҲԶˡ
䣡
һִĽ׻һС¡
ΪĻʸȿʼɴ١

ںΧԶ൤һȺϰŮʿסƬﺣ򣬲˽롣Ƕ൤ţ鼤ݡޱеܼСȺ
൤һΰλʿͬʱԪӤھ磬ڶɽֱ
Ƕ֪൤һжԴ˭
Ͻ峤ϣ˱ϵִսϣ൤ϣ൤Ψһһλʦ̶´ԪӤڳԪӤڰ˲ʿһٺսϹâҫγɫѪɷʿһʿѪֱӿвϧƷʯʿ
൤ʼˣҲ൤ʷǿʿδǧ꣬൤Ҳֵڶλǿᵽŵʿ
Ҫǣû˻ỳɣڳϻھ硣ֻʱ䳤̶ѡ


663 Ԥ·Сɽ
ԪӤ˲ΪҶءԪӤΪĻʸԼԪӤһ𻤷Լڶ൤𵤵ӻ൤ʿɴΪ˳
ͻԪӤΪɹٵǸĻʸҪҶس֣˿񱩵١
󣬳棬򱦣Ȼⵤɶɽ١
൤һλԪӤ棬ΪĹϵӤЧʳĸߡ
ֻԬơ밲˷ԪӤʧܣٶûûϵ൤ԪӤٷԪӤչسԪӤھǣֻҪЩʱ䡣
򱦳ΪԪӤʿǹӴۺķҶص亿Ĩ顣
൤һֱԪӤ簡ڻڣҲͻԪӤڣΪɽ˾ǰѾⱲӵĴ컯ˡȫǶҶʦ֣ҪȻǮ
ʸͳ򸾶ˣҶŮȴԽԽ˳ۡСӵ͵Ĭºһɺģû뵽ΪƸ𶫺൤һʢ
ͬʱðʿɽٵĴֱʣڶκһɹ¶ûҲ൤ȥҾȻˡ
Ҷض൤һĹףκһ˿ɱȡ
ʸҶЩ졣
ֻҶԼΪʲôҪ뿪֮ǰҪķ˾޴Ĵȥ൤
ԭ򣬾Ǳ൤һڶʢ
ǹϵתֻءһء
֮;쳣˭Ҳ˵Լһܻ೤áһˣҪĴ½ڤӡڤӵֻأϴȥǰһм䣬ת֮ܳΪĳµһũҲܳΪسоСҲ̤֮·תһ޹
黹ݣΨһܱסһ˿һ˿ޱȵļ䣬ת̤֮֮ܵ;תܽǰһµĻﵽߵľ硣
ʥı㣬Ѿڶʥʹϼһ׵֮ȥ黹ݣǰĴ½תֻءҶصĹƣʥתпܻɹ
ʥҶȻԴתġ
ͻʸѾ൤һЩܱ䣬תԿаѪӡԪӤǱʵȵȡ
ǾԤһ·൤ʿػסܡ൤ӵнǿʵУҶ൤ʿԭ
ҶҲϣԼõ··Էһ

൤ѾλԪӤʿʣµ鲻ҪҶءʸȥġʸλԪӤʿΪԬ˻ǶҲɹ٣ΪԪӤʿ
ɽ֮أ׸ǱȽϽ൤λ𵤾ŲʿСȺϳɹӤϢδڶͽʿСȺΧΧⳡӤɽʢ¡
һʱ׸ڶɹһƬȻʣ²֡
൤һҹ֮ƺķϣ˱ϵڣѾһɹλ
Ǽʹ鼵ʣۺۺ죬û˭⵨ӸҸ൤ȥ
Ȳ˵൤һλԪӤ棬һλڶɽ١൤ĴҶأŶɫĽɫϽ峤ϣ˿䳤ϣʦѪ׿ڷҪЯȥħ½ˣѾԪӤڣ׼Ҫ񾳽硣
Ȼ˱ϯӴϣҲֻܺҶƽ۽ֵܡ
൤һĹâţǱޡЩۺ֮Ҳֻ൤á
Ҷغͻʸ˰׸ǡ
׸һ˰׸ǵҶϸլݷҶءҶίԪȡĴʯԼСͨɽ
ҶشϲĵȻСɽ
ϵǿս
СɽʹнһɰԪӤ޵С
ҶشӴȡС淨Լ˵̲סһ̾
ķ˾޴ۻõС漫ƷΪ飬ƶɵССͨΪ˾ޡ
УΪľˮԪأѭѲ߲Ϣȶˮײ죬ˮ𻯷磬ˮ׵硣
С棬Ϊ硢Ԫأ񱩡
罣ʦȡΪɫͬ߰ΣƽУʮֻ¡Ϊһͷʮ飬Сͨռ˺ѡΪһӳһٶȵıУ֮˺ѳԼһߵĿռ䣬Լһ˲䡣һˣֲٶȿ˼޷ܡ
ΪǱ⽣κͨķɽҲͬ⽣У纮ǣΪһͷ飬СͨΪ򡱣ܱסһСƬռ䣬ԵһĿʱЧܷӵ¡
һ׽Ϊ󽣡ȴһ΢ϸгĽϣ˿˿ơΪס飬һµĺޣСͨµ硱ܴĵâҰҵ
СͨɽȣССͨȻƫԵһĶ֡һϣʤСศɣػɵġ󡱡
ϽưΪԪӤ޵СΪ
Ҷش˿оϽЩ޳ܡ
ɽڣһϵɷҵסĶ֡ľϵԪӤʿһλϵԪӤʿ϶סóԴͷϵԪӤʿսľϵԪӤʿ϶ûƢ
ͬʱܲٿذϵɽʿ޷ƣȴܿƱˡ
ǣʿڶɽҵĳ
ССͨȻ֣һãҶʱ޷Сͨ
൤ѳɣԪӤʿüһãѾͱٷġ룬ɹҲһӦȫʱ̣ǰ½ˡ
뵽뿪һ·ɽ磬պ¼лҶаζӡ
׸ǼɹӣݡɽصȵȾѣ֪Ҷؼǰ½׷ǰ൤пԪӤʿ˶ǽ𵤰ˡŲ㡣
ҶظһЩԪԳɱÿһöԪӤ
Щϡ֮ԪԶһ鵤ҲֻҶ򲻵ܹɽǾԪӤ硣
ЩԪҶصò󣬵Ҳǰװͳɽһԭ򡣶һԭΪݡɽصˣڱϵɹжǵϵλ͡ԪӤΪ϶ΪɹĹ߳ϣ߲㡣
ڳҶһ飬պҲضٲ˶൤ӦϾ൤ɳ̫죬ȣз֮£С鷳ǲٵġܺЩĴɹ߲㱣ȹ̵λ


664 ׷ɱ
պҶءʸٺǣ˴սٺǵսڳʱд޳ǣΣյʱѾȥ
ҶԭϢ뿪ԳֵĴȺǰͱʿЩȻ
ϵϽ൤﹬ʿȻö˵֮⣬ءʷٲʥʹ֮ˣԼʸˮƹŮʿ˱ϵŶǰ͡ҶزǣоȻһЩ峤
ȻȷǴĵϢҶҲѲ³ˡ
ҶزЩ⣬û뵽ڶе֮ߡ
Ҷ϶Ͻ׿Խ˴뿪ϽνʧذҶǼϽϽʦ̳֮а֮ˣձںڴֻҪҶϲΪϽĿ̫ϳϣ
ϽЦ⣬ȴʮ֣ص˵
Ҷְ֪Ϊ澫뻯񾳽಻Զ˵ǻĻᡣ
ЦŻ˻֣ȻҶϣȥ½·;ңԶϧ޷ҶһͬǰֻպԵټףԸٳһ·һ˳ͻƻΪ
ףҶһ˳ͻƻ񾳽磡
ǰеʿҲ׷
˵ĵУսԶȥۺ׳˴ٺǣҶУҲڴһڵתʧ
ʸͰˣǵ䡣ȥһ𣬵ͬʦֵܽãͬˣֻٻڡ
ҶҲܵһЩȾȻ˸УȴҲЩп
սԶٺǡ
ҶشŻʸ˷ش᷿ȥβʥϴ󣬱һֱڴδȥ
ڴ᷿ڣǾòյŮһ棬Ŀӡ
żֺĵűݵĻʸм־ȣŮӣ
ʸһգ֪ǰʥݣ˿βǾգв΢΢ѹʸǰ
Ҷؿ˵ʥеĸоνر

սããϷȥ
ĳ֪ĺϣͽ׹ڷŪһЩʬ塣
񶫺սļңࡣʿҹ޵鷳岿ҲԸ͹භĳ̶ֳϣ޴״̬붫ս
ͻȻյĴսļߴﹾ಻֪˵Щʲô
ܿ죬Ǽ޽ĳһƬٷȥ

ĳƬϣһҳǧɵľսڻš
սһͷĺΪսǣࡢװ˴߽ۼס׿ǣ쳣ս࣬һϰž޹Ƶĺڶ̨Ȼǹڡ
սŨŨĹĹڵյ
ϣдš顱֣Ų֪ٷĸ߽Թ͸߽׻ꡣ
ôװǰһŶϰԪӤ޲վš棬ǺѹѹһƬĽ𵤼ޡ
ǵɥʧֻʣĹޣΪĹޣԽʬΪĹޣ֮ΪĹʿǴ˿ȴһޱȹŴĻ
˵ѪĹһλףôɱǻĹƬããڣûκιޣսϡѾɨɢֲĹ޶Ѿͳһڡ顱¡
ɭ
һߴʮɵùޣһʮɿİ׹ǿо޽һ׺صĹףǰ˼󲽣׾׵Ĺϥߵݡ
ղϷ򣬷˴սټǴҪ֮ˡһսʿ
ýƳŵأ̧ͷĿ¶â
ʱһλȫںеӰʾĴӹߵڵءȻһʬԪӤޣªޱȣƤɫ¶һԳ߳ں
Щ궫ɽ˴ԪӤʿʿǵĹ»겻ľʹɢֻҪǳΪ޵ģѾͶǻ鵺˴ޣֲսҲ˳ʵʢԺħ˵κһλͷȡ
ʱʵĴԸˣֻҪͻƾ磬ΪǿĻ񼶹ޣɽ֪ĺպ²ϧһдۣҲҪΪʵִ˴Ը
ʬ裬ҫޱȼ˷ܡ
ֵĹӰĿ¶˵ĺɫâĮսװһĿ⼤ԪӤޡ𵤹ޡȻû¶ɫȴͬ
ݺݵĽһ¿צյĳ衣
ϴںɳɳǣͼöڵҶأ佻ӡɳɳǵһȺԪӤʿӲ˺£ɳԪӤʿ˶ȺŹ˴
ŲҵսѾᡢ£˴ԪӤͽ𵤼ޣǰʮϰٱ
Ǵ㣬ۼһӴĹƶ˽ҶءսĽȣвСĻԵ֡˲ϣǿϮɳǣҲҪҶظס
û뵽ȻҶؾȻԦսԷϺ
ڹͨʱ򣬼ҶصĴսͷԸ¹ޣҶصĶǧټһץҶءҵս϶Ź
ս׷ҪץסǺ׷ɱһһΣˡһΣս԰ټƵԪӤޣҪӹġֻҪԶ˶ЩʿҲȲ
ҧгݡ
õӣһ֮ͨգָտɴҪ˭Ҳ赲ˣ
ڹĺ֮УɢĿֲϣôڹս
ǣ
ôϣԪӤ𵤹ǣһƬѹѹȻ£һɭȻ
ԭеġ顱սʼ١Ϊһ޴ĺâڶϼٷУս֮ڿֲѹ£ɢӡ
ɱȥ

սһСսΪԵʣԽϸߡ˵ٶȣٶȴ죬ԪӤʿٶȲ࣬޷սȡ
սںϷʮգѾԶٺǣһƬտĺϿշС
ɺΪ֮⣬¿ǰħ½Ҫʱ䡣һֱĥҵ׼һѿԽ֮
һգҶڴ᷿ڴ֪ģͻȻоһǿҵս󷽿ٱƽ
ųʸҲɻĴӷڳ
Ҷغͻʸһ˼װ壬β
һҡ顱ľսڴսĺϰڿٵ׷

ô׷ˣ
Ҷغͻʸһۣɵɫ΢䡣


665 ɣ
սͻսãã׷ûκ⣬ս伫ٶȣѸٱƽսʮԶ
ҶѾĸоϢԽԽǿҶԪӤ˲ʿѾǰͼΪѹûʲôӰ졣
Ҷվڴβ󷽣սͷԽԽĹӰ
ͬڴͷŴսҶءкܲζСӣŽΪ׷ɱΣʥѣȻԪӤڵΪ޼ȴһֱͣԪӤڣΪ
Сӵһк˵ΪֹӵϰԪӤڹޣʵǿᵽ˼£ʥڴˣҲԲĶ֡һԪӤʿֵ
Сӣӵĵͦ죡϶ȥӵħ½ж鱦ضϣ
۵Ӱڹ֣ʤȯգæɭɭ˵
Ĵ׷ɱңʲô
ҶػװͿ͹һ׷һӣȻ˴˶֪Ǵû̸
ӻżеõöӽһ·ǲȻ·ǵʬǧաˣŲţ㡣
ţҶؼȻȥħ½ӦûѱӴϣǲĳĵطܱҶԼò
ʹթӸ϶֣
ʸȴȻ
Ҷ΢΢ͷԹ˽⣬ĻѲϲŭ޳֮޷š
ûвսһСʹսûԶ붫Σգֱñͻضȥս
ֻǴսλʥŮЩѰ졣¶棬ⱻʥ֣׷ɱ
ǰȺޣֻԼ취
ӾϡҵһӮˣӹ㡣ˣȥ
Ҷص
սϣڹѾͲס
αظԪӤʿϻĩɱӶɱһԪӤʿкѵģ
ý
ɱǣ
ôϣȺԪӤ޼У
뱾֣ýȥɱСӣӴ
û޷ҶأޱŭһýýԪӤΪȻҶزһЩǹޱͨʿǿ࣬ûʤ㡣
ǣ
ýϲһٶرӣΪ¹ͣǹ¹Ĺޡһ͹ǽӴһԾڿն𣬻Ϊһɵĺâս
սϣһȺԪӤ޶ʱ˷ܣԸһԪӤʿȺޣֱֵ÷ʲô
ʸͰڴս
Ҷطɳ˴ս󣬰˱Сͨɽһн󣬽󣡡
âľ溣ŭ׳ƽڽСͨɽһľˮн󡣽һɣʱ䣬ɫҶΧѭϢγ
ýѾž͹ǽһǰĳ˹Ȼײϴн
䣡
â䣡
ǽϵŨҰԵĺɫʬ˹ʴн󼱾紩͸Ǵн伫죬գ۹򣬱㽫ֲ֮ϡ
䣡
ҶһָâͷһСͨýȥٵܼĽɫâý޴ӶܣɲǼ䣬ýĹͷĿӿݣʮͷ۶ϡ
ý󺧣ҶصķۻޱȣоײһɾɽԺΣûҶصĻǼܿ±Ҫϡ
սϹսһȻǶýʮֲȵʬ
ǣ
ʬХ˷ܴս˳ȥ
Ҷص˵ǹ޿ûӦҶԪӤ˲ʿԪӤڵĹһϣҲ̫
ʬٳҶغýսȦ˹ȥ
κ
ҶûʬˮһСͨ˹ȥһӴĺг𣬽ʬ˽ȥסʱλʬ񱩴ŭצĺи˺ѣ˳
ʱһԭȣʬУյʬƤС
ýڷͼҶشнһɫƣǷ̣ʬɥʧ
ԪӤڹ޲죬ýʬһϣȻֲôӣҪԪӤʿɸʰ
ϣɱ
Ĺۣڤ׻ѹŭԪӤޣȻûãȻòһԪӤʿ涪ȻУǾһϡ
սϣ̳һȺʮԪӤкڵԪӤޡ
˵ЩԪӤޱ඼ǶʿΪ䲻ľʹȥתޣڻ¡ǵĵλҲ㼫ߣǵԼϣ׸ɡΧŹֵ۵顣Ӯ֣ȺŹԹ˵Ҳһֳ衣ǵУкöʿ֪Ҷءֻ˹;Ҳûʲôǰ֮һĨȥϴ󲿷ԪӤޣʱδɱȥ
ȥʮԪӤڹޣΪ˵õʶ˲ԼԪӤ޵ˡ
ҶŰɱýʬսϳһȺԪӤޣ׼һΧɫ΢΢һ䡣вɰһ䣬ҲһҪ
˶ĹΧŹ޷ٱ
󣡡
ҶһȣǱ⽣󽣣ࡢסɫâС潣С潣ʹнһ˶ɽͬ޵еİ
ԴнȥʹС潣
Ҷص˾ۼ֮⣬ֶ˷硢ϵ˲ӻҵڽĿ֮£Ȼںһ
ɽ磬еڶˣĿ
ס
Ҷȣ˫ͬʱĳۻķˮϵɽͻϵɽϡˮͻһͬʱһâϵɽ
󽣵ĽӿһͷɴС顣
ͷ׳һһϣ¡¡
ؼƱɫһƬʮƣƹʱѹѹһƬֲָһ׵б˺
ڳԪӤǣһʱȫסˣǼ˹Ϊη֮ơһâЩޣ̼ɢ
꣬䣡
һ׽ٵĵ·
һϣǵ˽ȥ
һһϣʮâע׽ϡ
ϵɽ΢ϸгĽϣһִĵâ˴׵磬һ׽֮ԪӤڴ֮¡
ͬҶصΧҲŨΧâ˸
µ硪
Ҷٶȡ
󽣻Ϊһɵĵ罣أɨĵâɨԪӤޡ
ûã
κεֵûãâֱӺ
꣡

߰ԪӤޣǼӲĺǣݿһ㣬׽ɷĩԪڵâлɢâɨ֮ʬʧһɶ
Ҷʩչһз֮ɫ΢΢԰ףղŵĹȥķƲ䷨ղһСͨĹȫݽߡ
ҶֿذŶսϵĹޣͫ׵ԵЩ顣ʵޱȵĹϰԪӤʿǧƵĽ𵤹ޣΣ
каη塣
ɣ
Ҷûκ⣬³֡ôڳǧɵӴսǰʮĿǡ
սԭУҪɱȥԪӤǡ𵤹ǣһƬ֮Сս緫ϣЩסеĶ׻꣬ȻҲһƮţûκη
Ǳסˡ
ҲˣҶص˼ǰƿŰϵСͨɽԪӤʿὣȻҪһ֮ԿսǧƵĹޡ


666 Ҷص
ڱˣһʼĲͷʼ
Ȼ֣ǰСѾǰ֪ǸһƿСʿСӲ֪УʵȻѾ׷Ѿսʵ˶ݵʱڣʵ٣ֱš
ɱȫϣɱ
ʬҴսӻսûҶص׽ɱδָҶأܻĳԪӤʿСղҶص׽ǳһȺ޶ȥģýǼƲӵÿ죬˿ֻѾĲʵ¡
һȺ
һһƴĹɨȥʬ⡣
ʬײڼװϣˣűõĽʬԴٿ
ڹ׼Ӧʬʱŭѹ塣
תͷĿҶء
ڶɽڣʥ⣬û˭ǺɽϹ֣ҪƴģҲδ֡սˣࡣҶһ߰ԪӤޣʵʸ񣬺
һǿĶ֣־⡣
ñжǿʵ
ûжԣ˫צֿعǺСͨƮŶڤסڴһԾ˲սΪһޱǧɵĺâֱǰԦҶء
Ϊһɭףܲǧǽÿжһ׺ꡣǺΪһɾףذ֮Ҷ˹ȥһʱʮﷶΧڣޣӿǡ
Ѫ
Ҷض֮һӣжһŨҵѪɫӣĹѪɫӻΪһѪ⣬ӭ
ǵѪâܣѪӡžĻϡ
Ѫ̿񳤣סĺ֮УͼѪ⣬ǣʲôҲûʳŨҵʬήҲڤ׹մȾѪ٣Ѫٻûü㱻ڤѸٷΪһؽؿٻҡ
ŷɫѪ٣Թûκá
ͼʶѪ٣ٲϧԸֻô˵طצһѽϵѪٸϣм
𣡡
ҶĮһָ󽣣ſ񱩵âѾͷ˹ȥ
ȥ
ɲЩ鵺ͨ޿ɱȣСͨ󽣵˹ȥ
ȻСͨģǾʮ׻񼶵ڤĳڴƷʵõ޴ٵ׵Ҳη壬˲
䣡
СͨķɽڰУӲһ
󽣱ŵâܲաǹһڤףƮƮ޵ڤףЩµâɣعںڰ
ɽڰвƼѷָ¡
ҶؽĿ⣬¶ɫ
󽣣йǿһС񼶷ɽԣרſƹޡԸͨԪӤ޼ɱǶԹȻʹ
Сӣ׽κβ˱㻹кα뱾
Х
һСͨǺſѪڣѾҶؼٳ˹
򣡡
ҶһߺˣһңңһָһСͨ˳ȥа˱Сͨɽֶζǡ
¸£꣡
Ǻڵɿռ䣬˲䱻Ӳޱȵıȫס
ᡣ
Ǻҵͻҳ壬ͼơ
ǺҲڤףڤ𣬶𡣹𲢲ڻļֻܿϵĳȥײƼҪʮ£ſܴӱ֮г
ģȻϵͨ
һ˿ҶֻԶһгһڤףȻǰһģڤֱӳҶؼȥ
ռ˺ѣ
ҶطӦ죬̲ٿǶ伱ٱƽڤȥ
쬣
һٶȵıУ籩֮֮˺ѿһԼһߵĿռѷ졣
ǵһ߳Ŀռѷ죬ƫУýǶڤɽȥȻռѷʧ
Ҷؼʮ־׼
Ƕֲڤף漴ؼʧӰ٣֪ȥ
ֻϵʩչСͨҶļѾԪӤ˲Ϊ»ûʩչͷżҪݽߡ
ռѺۣôϵͨͷų
״һƵĲС
СӵСͨһһʮֱŤûܹͬʱʩչ硢׸ֲͬϵԪӤʿĴ򷨣еǳӦΪܵǣÿһڤ׶ܱҪķѼʱڣڤ޷õģһһ䡣
ҶûĿУһһǵСͨȥ
һɫĹӰһɫӰڴսս֮գٽ
Σһʱ֮䣬Ƿֲһʤܡ
սϵڹǣͷĿѣ񶯵
սϣʸȴʮֽšҶԪӤ˲ӵаԹҲ·硣ǵǣսڶԪӤޣǲҪȺսĻ

ҪʰҶأҶصļսԪӤǲóȻ֣ŭ
ǣܾܲŰɡ
ʲô鶼ɹˣҪЩ¸䵱ÿİ裿
ţҴսˣǴϲǻͬɱˣ
ʬ޺޼ڶûء
Ҫȥħ½սˣôȥħ϶ͬ
ýͬ
ǾͶְɣ
ǶĹĶ£ԪӤʿ˭ԡ
սʼƹҶؼսպ򣬴Ӳ濿սսǧɣɳĴսͬһɽСɽһսսԺ䣬Ǻġ
սһϰŹڣеʮڿʼܡ
ڶֳһźɫâŨŨʬ
ǹڡ
ʸɫ䣬սڵսܲ˶ڣҪױݻ١
㣬ô죿
վԱߡ
ʸҡͷս֮ĶԺ䣬һ֮ܶԿ
ѾôڵĻؿܣٿشսʼнķʽٱ任ŷе·սƾķУܿһЩں䡣ǣԷںܼĻְ취ÿ²
սʮҲѾܣԸһԪӤ޴ࡣҾսʵļװºڣҲ䲻Ҿ͵ս
ʸûжԴսʮڵʲôָ
ɽ磬ôôޣĴ½ôûȥĴ½
һ΢Ůӻʸ
ǰʿڶ࣬Ҳ֮ӡΪڶ
ʸȻͷβʥ֪ʲôʱѾվ˴ͷϡ


667 ս
׷ս΢üЩΡ
ս·;⵽Ⱥආ׷ɱ֮ǰҶشǰħ½Զʥ׷٣ûԤϵġ֪Ҷ鷳»սˡ
˿ڴβò˶þͻᱻʥ֣׷ɱ
˿̲սܿͻᱻս飬һҪųһġ
ǼԦս뿪Ƭ򡭡ںܿҪˣѾȫ
̧ͷ˿գĿһ۴Ӻ׷ս
ʸɫһ䣬Ҷʥɳǵ飬Ȼ֪ʥĿ¡
˵꣬ҡһΣΪһͷɫëľβڴס
ͷβĿﲨתȻΪ޲ɷվڴսĴβһڼսеҶغ͹ֿսβҡҷš
ں岿֮Уβ͵һΪʵںӵоβڶɽ壬ֻҵββޡ
ڸ֮Եú࣬˽ۣһʮʿ岢ϲսɱϲıԼĿģʿߵĽĵ̻
ΪʿûսǾ̫Сˡ

죬׼׼ڣ
ˣ
սϣٽ𵤹ڴСУŹڵķͼ׼Ϸб仯Ĵս
սͽСϺºңûκιɡ
սĹڣҪ׽Ŀ꣬ЩѶȡֻһڣԸҴս
ʲô
Ǵһͷ
ϵԪӤڹǣԶԶĴŴսսϵļʿƺųһͷޣͼ׼ӭս
ԪӤǼ״ɹЦһͷܸʲôѵͷ꣬ҵȵսһ鴬ҲƲˡ
ǴϵʿǲǼˣս֮ĹһͷʲôãҿǴϵʿѾͶ·ܲˣˣ
ǵĹںȥһͷһͷޣһȫ군𣡡
ͻȻмۼԪӤޣоЩԾҴսû˿ĻңӦòںҳĻС
ԣǺβƺܶ࡭ߡˡ
⡫ôܣôоβͣ
һԪӤͷβͣʧִУ˲˼顣
ܿ죬һЩҲͷβһľ׹ؿߣоս󣬺ޱȡЩԭеʮֳĹޣҲеҪˡ
ԭǶʿȻ֪޵ĺ岿峤ʮ׵ϺпаβͣͨѾǳˡ
ǻޣ
ԪӤǴ˿ֻһµͷеޱȵİûڡ
սϣôһͷ
ôֵġ֮񼶺һȺԪӤǵȻܡһʥٵɳɳǣԪӤʿ˹·м䣬мɳһսɥʿڻڵĿ£еȵĿ־塣
ڴսðһͷβʥֱ
ڣ
ɱǣ
սĴڣ𵤹ǿûע⵽ЩѾ׼ʮŹڣ˷ܷĴ˹ڡ
䣡䣡䡭
սʮڡЩڣγʮܼĺɫʣ֮Ĵս
ʸһսڣæʶٿս
սһ·ߣɵת
һĹڹֱӴӴսΧսܹȥˡɳĴսں嫵ղ󡣴вס
ʣڣڴսĻϡ
սҵ˼£̺ŨʬĹڲ㽫ֻơʬ縯ʴŻֵսĹּȥ
սֻʮ֮һڣ㽫սĻּơ
սһ߽ܣһ߿ڣ󷽵սл
ʮڣֱӺսϣսĹ֣𼸸С˻ûиս˺սϵĽ𵤹ǣһ˷ܵĴСУ׼ٺϼڡ
ҴսĹ̫ǿˣ൱սӪһ콢һСʹսԿġ
ҪΪǰսһСսûҪйڶܣŹǿһ°Ѵսڻҡ
һеΪֹˡ

β̧ͷա
գǵɫâԽԽʥѾڵλãҪ׹ˡ
ͣ
쬣ΪһɫâһţӴսʧ
ֱӳսȥ
顱սȻһ£Ӹٷ֮мͣ
һͷɫľβվսĹϷצһ̧һâͣսĹֱצ˺ѿһ󶴡
սڣȥȥ
ٶȼ죬צֻԪӤޣǰһ㱻˺ѿûκһޣ΢ֹһ¡
սϣԪӤǾ׷ԶӴܣҳһš
Ǹе־ǣһɴĿֲϢѾսʥһʥϵԪӤǼˡһҲûмôʥ֡
ոߴǵڹâֱս׹ͻȻ΢΢һתͷսȥ
䣡
ʥֱսļװ壬սװǼסëɢĽɫ̫𣬷׷սϣսһƬ֮Уȼ
̫𣬽ϵĹ
׻Թ飬һ֮ҽУ׷Ӵܡ
ֲ̫𣬶Թ˵ֱ֮֡
ԪӤޣԼ𵤹ޣ׷ѾΪ𺣵սһеԶȥµĻʥ֣Ǵ˿ѾʧɥֻӵԽԶԽá
Ӳ˵ģ̰ʥｻ
ʥվڼװϣŭХ㳯װһ壬䣬Ӳޱȵļװ壬ֱӺһɵĴ󶴡սĴڳ˽ȥ׷ɱβʥ
βʥֱ굽սĴףצ˺һ󶴣˳ȥ
սĴڣڶĽ𵤹ޣǻ֪淢ʲô飬սһгɥһǳ׵Ļɢʧؼ䣬޶ˡ
ʥս򴩣׷ɱβʥǾݵġ
ӴսǿжһƬһУ·׹ȥ
쬣ٺǷһѪɫ«һ껽âԶ˵սٸ
һʥǿϢҲڼٱƽ


668 ʥս
ڷ׷ɱβսȫȼΪһڻ棬׹֮УڰмսеҶغ͹ס
ҶشӶĿ״̬֮оѹʱ֣ͣջطɽ
׹´󺣵սЩʧ㾡鵺ϰԪӤʿ֮Ӵ͹ȻˡǸʥ֣
Ҷɫ¡
ʥ֮ĶױᲨϰﷶΧԶһ꼰㣬Ĳס
˵زܴȥˣ
쬣ҶԶĴսٷȥ
ҶشҴȥһ£תһЩսӳԪӤټæ뿪Ƭʥ֮䶷ĺ

ڡʥĹâں֮伱ײ֮£﷽Բ졣
ڶӳʥ׷ɱϾҪϵˣһ˭Ҳˣڷߣպٽ١
βѾоǿϢڱƽɫ
Ļߣ̽ʥｻ
ڽɫצ͹βᣬ㽫ʥｻңȥ֮㰮ȥȥʥձҪ
ڶӳʥİҵĲ͸Ȼõʲôôۣܼҵʮһ𣡡
ߣ͸ʥ֮أɲζűʥҲ͸ʥһ츳ߵʿֻҪõʥʥؽΪǿʿò˶ãʥ磬в彫ڱʥ£һҲ⡣
ں;βһ߼սһûＤҽ档
ʥܲ˷ҪʥβƿڴҲ޿κΡ

ٺǷѪ껽ʿ׷ʥƬս֮ĵطͣٿս
Ѫħ껽ԶԶĿսϵԵЩ㵣׷ʲô顣һʱ䣬Ҳ֪ζֲźá
˵Ľ֮ͨУ˵ֻһʥ뿪磬ɽôֶһβʥ
ʥ;βʥʿͬһӪʿ໥塣ô໥ɱʮƴҪԷ򰡣
Ѫħ껽𣬶ǻ켣ɽǧϵʿḻޱȡ
ѵʲô
ᱦ
໥һۣͷԼͬһͷ
綫˵ʿ໥ЩԹҲ̸ŽԵ޹ֻһŻ᲻ͬ˵֣Ǿằر
ҪἫҪı໥õĻҪ˵ͬʿ¾ʦֵҲɱ
ʿ֮ҲһֻҪв壬ͨɱսᲿĵ̣ΪõرŻѪս
Ƕɽ磬ʥ϶̡
ôʣµΨһԣᱦˡ
ʥ;βʥǸߵ壬ʲôɱܹʥȥȥģ϶Ǻö
Ѫħɴ˵һº
ٺõ鱦ҲȥܲУ
껽һһȥüͷǱһʥһһѾܹǵġ
ôʥ֣ѵʿľʥڶ飬򵥰
ѪħЦֻЦЩǿ
ڿٱƽһʥѾ߷ˣ˵Ϣ̫׼ȷˣһȺʥڶȻֻеһ֪ˣħ½ͱ½Ļʿ϶һЩҲѿ
Ƕֻ΢һѡ
ܿ죬̶̼֮䣬ޱȰԵĹâѾӺ졣
ͬʱںսﴦȻͣ£¶ʥĿΡֻǣﲻ˴췭ظں;βʥڶĻʿЩǵϡ
ӳˣɱرʣµ汾ӳɱʿֹϢй¶
Ϊ׵һʥҡһΣΪһͷ׳˶ţͳɳƵ˵
ãͷж
һ
ɱ
ʥֱӷΪӡ
ţΪ׵ʥΪâֱսΧɱβȡʥʥҵ
һʥȴɱʿҪɱڣֹϢй¶ȥʿ֪˱Ҵ˳ȥ¼ء
ڴ˵صʥʿǣ˭ҲûԤϵҵľ档
սϾת۾䡣
ʥɱʿ
ģħⱲӻûʥβʥʥţʥôĸߵȲʥɱɱһͷʥħϺЩˣѪе㹻ħͻƻĲ㣡
Ѫħ͵һ¿ˮţͭɫһһɿֲѹѪϢ񳤡һֽվްͷʥҶȥ
Ѿ׳Ѫɫ«ͨΪɽһӭǣĿףʥ֮ԽﺣĺˮɽȥޱȥҪñ㻯Ϊһ̯Ѫˮ
껽һ֣Хһͨɽ׳âӭսʥ
ʿδˣȫɱȥ
ʥʿսһٶ֮켸ԿΣƾ춯أһռ˺Ϊ롣ʿһĻҪ𺳵֡
ĶԪӤʿԲֵġ
ţʥʱȴʥһսľβ
β˿ѾʮǱʥĶ֡ںҲ޷ӳʵʥٶƸռˣҪޣҲѡ
˿̣ţʥʥһɱ׾
ţʥĿ£ʥ֮£й֮޼ֱӲƴĻʥţʥĶ֡
һʥΧֻ·һ˿ĿҲûС
Ͷ׻ҵģǺ塣
͵˻ƻʥҪʥɽ磬ֻ·һ϶Ҫʥ
ӻƻʥӳ磬ӵɽ磬أվӲʥµ׷ɱҲû·ߡ
Ŀ͸¶ޱȵľҧҧ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
űˣƴӣľβһųĺɫâɫľһĴĿġԽԽҫۣϰﷶΧաβľβϣ̺ǧӴ
βʥǿᣬȻǱצץҲˡһԱĻҲǾ˵ġ
ãҪԱ
ţʥڳǰ壬û׷Ͼβ㶸Ȼͣʧתӡʥ׷æ
׷ɱצͣĸβ˺ۣ״ɴ󺧡ʥﻹϣԱǾ᲻ʥҲòֹͣ׷ɱչἲɡ
ҶѾص˴սڲٿսԶʥͻʿս
һĳƺƺֻһڻصҲ
ҶغȻͷȥֻһâҫĿĻɫƣӴȽȽ𣬳ɸ߿աһȵмԶĴսƷ


669
Ѫħ껽𿴵βԱɫ䣬һۣε𶯡
ʥҲãʿҲãǳϧ㼶֪Ŀ޺ͽѣܴﵽΪ̶ȣɵ;һ뻯ʥԵ
ЩʥѾɱˣޱȵҲϧԱǧ޵С֮ض󼫶࣬Ż˷ľٶ
ǶƣһЩʥǽڲɱԸǣ´²棬ûжٻˮĻᣬʱܶ
ߣ
ѪħŭһдͨްȻӳΪɽӰһʥҷɳʮ֮⣬ȻתѪ«㼲ɡ
껽ԴͨɽϺתٶȥѸ뿪Ƭ
ʥղͻȻһƴ󱬲֮±ǴһǸ˰ΧȦλʥ֮ҲռϷ磬ҪλһҪȥĻʿ׵顣
׷
ʥĿ뿪ȴסͼ׷ϵʥ
ӳǱߣ϶Ϣй¶ȥ˵ʿǰʥ
һʥæ
Ӧû֪βоǺ²ĳ
ʥɫȶųңҲɱǡȥʥҪڻʿǰ֮ǰʥ磡

ԾβΪԱһƬ﷽ԲֱĻѾһơ
ţʥʥ⵽ƣŹһ𣬳ȥƬڵĺУףѰʥ䡣
ǸβԱʥʧ
ƻʥڣΪٵʥÿһؼ亱ޱȵ鱦ʮ׵ľҲô
󣬶һ޶ʥϵˣֻôΨһһڻƻʥһƻ̳ϣֻÿǧһεʥʸȥʥİءһʥ͸һʥ
һʥʥİأʵǿţɨ岿䣬һͳҵ磬Ϊ޿֮Կħͱʿѹֱ֮ʥԪ±ڻƻ̳
һǧʥ峤һǧʥţ峤Ǿʥ棬ţ峤ŸոսΣȴּ̳ϵʥʥľβˡ
ʧȥʥ˵ֱѡ
ʥأΪҲһ˿һʥϢѵʥﱻβԱˣܣʥôᱻٵ
ţʥŭųУ￪ڣ﷽Բĺˮ
βѾը˳ĩСƬû£ϰﺣնŨҵĺϢβʥɥǰͷŵĺʥǵ΢֮С
ʥԺҺĵֿǿֻ½һɵʵȫɥʧս
ʥûˣô
ʥɺĿɨÿһ򣬺޷֣¶ޱȵʧ
ʥץס
ţʥҲʥɿʥ޷йıŭȫڶȥʥ
ţҲһʥĶӳλʥһʲôʸץʥ
ʥ
㹴β㣡ʥﲻھβϣضϣ
ţʥ
ݺʥʥ־βʥһ·׷ɱƴҪû磬ҲǱʥְڣʥƴΪʥЧ֮УʥھβϣôڱʥУ
ܻ
㻹ҽƱ磡ػƻʥڵһͨ㿴ػƻʥһͨıݰӣЯʥö֮Ĵʥӳʥһ·׷ɱͼɱڣڸʥ䡣ʥԲöץȥ
ţʥɷ˵ͷ񱼣ͷļţǣðһɫâ໽гʥȥ
ɱ
λʥ໥һۣɷ˵泯ɱ˹ȥʥǷѾ٣϶Ҫʥȥڹʥڻ˭ȥ
βˣʥӰӶûǱ뽫ʥץȥܶʥ

ôͻȻôʥ˱ս
һƬãã򣬹ӲĺлȻ˳ںɵĵͿգǧ֮ޱģЩδջںޡղǲڣ͵ӿ˺У˳ӿĺˣݵԶսļԶ
һʥҲŷɵ̫ߡ
ԹǿΪʵǱ˵Ĺˡ
ԼԪӤޣĴΧֹڣ׷׳ɹݼǵаýʬй˫ͷա
ĹޣҪôѾɥҪôط֪ȥ
ܶԪӤ鵺ãʵѹ̸϶ߵҳϡ鵺Ĺ⵽شۼʵ֮һֱʥսͷ֮ʱĻ˵׷Ȼˡ
ȥ
ýʮֿɥ
׷ҶСˣıӣУ
ҧгݣɭͺһ
ʥ񱩵ڲӿҲҶͣһӣīʬƽΧɫ̵ֻԪӤޣźУսеϷ׷ȥ
սˡ
ҶеıӣҪ

սκеһҶһҷǧԶƽں֮Ĺâȥ
ҶزٿŴսƬ̲ͣϷȥԶս
ղžޱ֮ھβѾؼʧսʥֱ㿪ʼ룬ԶȻܵҵĲޱĵҶ֮ɫ
ֲֻʥ߻ʿԱɡ
ѹʧƲʲô¡ѾԱˡ
ԾβʥʵɱƵԱȺʥʵ¸֮¡
ҶذԵ
ʵ࣬ҲͼĴζѣ̸Ļ֮ͬ١ΪһʥȴûгǿľٶҶȻ̸϶ٺøУȴҲûκ
ֻʥôˣδЩϧ
ʥⲻҶظеһֳصѹǿʵɽԶǲɻȱġʵ㣬ʥҲɥ֮֡
ʥĶҶ࿴Ҫ˵ˡ
ǰԱˣ
ʸ˿ҲϣҶɫԶʵ
Ҷ΢΢̾һ£ͷʥΪ磬Լ𡣵ʥʼ뻯񾳽磬⵽͵ϮȻûлٵǰԱҲͶ·
ʸһʱҲ鸴ӡ
Ҷ硢㣬ǿǰ᷿
ʱȻӴ̽ͷװϵĶ˽е

Ҷԣɳһ
սĴգס᷿С
ʸҲȻ


670 ҪЮ
Ҷ̤᷿ţһ۱㿴᷿ϣһö޹⻪ĻҵԼһĵݣĻš
ҵ
ҶȻ׼ʧ
öҵǾβƻʥߵʥһңѪޱ䡣
ɫݣ¶ʿʶǺʲôЧá
Ҷȴһ۱ϳ
ʥʵˣȡõ黹ݡ
ӵ黹ݲϡ棬ԭǳʥʵӦȡ֡
ѻҵڴϣʲô
Ҷ˼䡣
û̫黹ݡ
ΪصĻҵȻûдϣڴ᷿УҪ׵ģ
ʸҲ֪ϳ
βҵǰûûҹĶôҵڿʲôöҵƽƽ棬ۣЩ棬Ҫȥʲô
ȥ
Ҷɫȴһ䣬ȡ
һæ˻
ȥ
Ҷؼͬʱ׵һ̧֣һ׽˳ȥ
ͻȻֻ᷿ڵĿռ΢΢һˮ۵Ĳƣһͷҡҷžɫβ͵ľβ飬Ϣĳ֣ϻҵϷ
˺ĵĺ飬
Ѿûֻʣ黹ڡ
׽˲仮Ͼβ顣׽꣬ɱǿĿ¡ʥ꣬ûҲ޷ֵһСͨ׽
ǣͻһˡ
ף
飬ƾʧܿ׽᷿һ
ЩȵĶҶأƺ֪ʥ
Ҷɫٶ΢䣬ٻس󽣣ڻʸͰǰ׽˿˿â
֮壬ǰǻǾסͷβ߻ҵÿһ̣ضǰ֮СȻԱҵն֮£жᣡЩҲѲ룡
Ҷɫ䣬˵
ʥûκζǲľٶǸ˴Ⱥʿʥʱʥڴϣֻȡ߶ѣô˲²Ȿʥ뷨ʥôаô
ȻЩհãĵϣ¶ԩߡ
ѵ˵𣿡
Ҷᱻ⸱ί𣬻˵
ǰĵһȡҵ뿪硣
ǰĵڶǰڵ׷ɱֱɳǡԭܼ򵥣Ϊɳд󣬿㼫ʱɳ֮תƣ׾ٵİ׷ɱӺɳǣֱӴ͵ٺǣɹĶݰѹʥֻǶЧֶΣǻ᲻ϱڸ׷ɱҪѰĻᡣ
ٺǣֱʣλʿ֣ʥˡٺǸδߣӦλʿȥԸڣײ󻼡ϧûкλʿսʼջ޷ڡ
ӦǴʿ֪Ҫ뿪ɽǰħ½Ϣ˵뷨ǽҵĴ뿪ɽ磬ڡ
˳Ȼٺò˳Ѿ׼˵Ĳ
Ϯսƻ˵ĵĲӲ˳
ǰĵĲԱ״ڵҰʧȻԱ֮űҪѰһµʿжᡣ֮󣬱µݣΪһʿޡƾ߹۲ĺģڸ֪˭жᡣ취״ڵʧһݣҲõڻҵμҲõҵ䣡
߾ȫҵ磬ȴҵڴϡʵ̫ǿǻὫҵȡߣʱûȥǣԭֻһǾû뿪жҪ
Ҵϣ˱㣬֮⣬㻹ܶ˭ٺôսƫƫҵĴѾǹĲԱᣡ֪һ뿪Ҳ϶֪ҵӣҲһͬ뿪ڣʿмѵ˵ҲȫӦõģǱǱʼߣ۴κһ涼Ϊ롣ҽ᷿֮ǰѾжᡣǰ壬ĸҵģ
Ҷ˵ţޱ顣
еŭѾ졣ҵڣжϳβʥͼҰע򵽱ϣ޷̵ġ
ʸɫ΢΢԰ףһʥϣָоԲ
ֻҵǽôһĹȻ뵽ô࣡ѹ˵ʿƻȺй֮޲˵ģȷǱʥ뷨
ʧЦ
ţŵһº㣬ָָҶأİȻЦǣ뵽һУΡƾʲôֹʥأѵƾһԪӤʿҲֹʥʥûҪǵҲ練ơʥԭ룬ȡҵʥʧ˲䣬ǣԪʹʧȻ㻵˺£ͲҪֱʥ֮ʱʹˡ
ҶĿڵѪ׽Ľ
ȷԪӤڵʵ޴ֹʥʥֻʣҲһӵмǿ
ͬ׵飬Էˡһײ޴Ĳ࣬ʵ֮
ɽ˳Ĳпᡣ
ǱʥɫĶŮʿòɫȻԪӤڣűʥõ֮ò˶ñܻ񣡡
ʸ
ô
Ҷؽ촽Ŀ˫ȵϵɽ
׽ϸë˿âЩâսӣٱ鲼ȫԪӤڵΪǿһ̶ȵâûд󰭡
帲һââЩ飬ǲ̫Ӱս鲼׵ÿһܶ˺в
Ҫʥƴ
ٶȾˡ
ǰղʩչƿƿմСһСС㣬޷Խϰ鲻â⵽شҲҪţҪᣬȹأ֪ǰγС᷿
Ҷػ˵
᷿˲𣿼ľ壬赲ʥܵһѵܵסз򣿡
ԲͳЦ
ֻҪǰԸ⣬ٵҴҲ׾١Ҫ𴬣԰ֻҪһ͹ˡλʥǧ֮⡣һ㱩¶֮λʥɱһߣ
ҶЦ
ӯӯЦ⣬ɲǼס
ҶصĻߣĺѾþһ֮ǰٱ¶ʥ׷ɱֻҪһӴ˰׷٣ؼ㹻ʱȥ̽ʥİءǰǣ̲ٳء
ûʵʣʮ֮һҪɱ׽ҶأѶ൱󡣾ɹˣʥѾɱˡ
һʱĬסˡ
Ҷ᷿ſڣ׽ǰ潩ӲûвֻҪ֣Ķ֡򴬴ˣʥҪꡣ
ǰҪֻһõħ½еѵŮʿαһҪڴ˵طȥħֻѡǰԪ̶Ӧò̫ںɣ
ʸһֱվҶصͻȻ˵
ҲգҲĪҪʵֻĽѣһҪȵħ½һϼѵǣħҲȱϺõŮʿɣǳȥˣҪЪһЪ
գգ۾
ҶЩ⣬βӦ˸ɴ䡣
߰ɣ
˵
ʸͷͰһͬ뿪ˡ
뿪ҶػͷһϵĻҵ뿪᷿
ϵĻҵûзųϢһͨĻɫ֪һ֮£ҲͰͨݵѣῴҪԡʿҵڣ㷨ľҵҲȫգûа㲻Ӧ
صĻҵþβʥΪ֮ᡣ
ǸҶԼľ飬ҵЩʥûжá
ÿһͻɽλʶϸռڲŻᵮһصáβʥ˻ҵʶڶһԶԶ
ȻˣҶǾҵȥڵϸ
ĺУһ
򲻵ѵ£ֱӽϸڣ񵱳ԵԪϸһϸս
ǣ֢
ϸ海ңٵľֲҩģٵϵĿ֣ʮͷۣǺòײռ˶
ϸڣԪķʽڡ
ԪӤԪսʥ飬ûʤ㣬޷ѹס
ĽȻϸңԼ鷳
ΪĹǣҶز׽ϸڡǵ㹻ʵϸռڣܹ飬ŻῼǶֶΡ


671 ľ
Ҷس˴գʸѾڼװϵˡ
ô£
ʸʵɲΪβô׾ܹ򷢡˵ħ½ѰֻôҲ֣и̨¶ѡ
֪ʲô㡣ֻǲʥע⣬ʱЭûʲôٶ
Ҷҡҡͷʶ˵ڵİȫֻʱģȥħ½ʱ䡣˭֪;У᲻ᷴڣʡ
ǽô죿
ʱңɳ֮һԪӤڵΪ޷ʥڵԿֻܷԪҵʶڶܡΣҪԪлᷴΪʤ¶
Ҷص
ţ
ʸ˵ͷ
һԪɥʧҲ޷Ԫ޷ȥҪôΪתҪôԪľԪɢ
ҶʶڵϸռأҶõԪȽϸռ䣬Ϊһ˿˿ԪâҶصԪҲϸԪâ
ʸ⣬ԪֻܽҶصϸռ䣬ռڣҶصԪԾɥʧʸԪܹԪѸΪ
ȻˣҪҶ㹻ԪԪӤʿ

һδȥ
սããĺշţոһյķУ򵥶ζҶһݴлõǰħ½ĺ·ͼҲõĻڴʧ
Ȼʮְ֣᷿оʥûκ쳣ٶ
ҶҲɻǲķĴ㣬ȵħ½ٿѰҺʵ
Ȼû쳣ٶҶҲ¡
ԼвҪ˵ԼԴԪӤƪԴһΪѵ飬ֻܰǰľ飬гԡܲǰħ½ڣԼһ׹
Ҷ硢׷
ĵսĴϣԶͻȻ߳ٵĺâս׷ɾϲе˺Щ죬ڵȵˡ
쬣
ӰӴһڼװϣҶغͻʸ
겻ɢѾǵˣ⼸սдԪӤޣһ·׷ɱͣǰЩŰǸܣˣ
ʸżٱƽӿĺâ΢üͷ
ȥһս
Ҷȴǵ˵
˵꣬˱СͨɽսϷΪһɫâĹȥգۼ䣬ɫâͺɫââײһ𣬼ҽսɱ
쬣
ռ˺ѣ
Ҷسϵɽһ𽣳նǰ˲ϢһСȥɣ˺ѿһ΢޵Ŀռѷ졣ռѺۼϸ΢գۼ֣ʧûʲôȴܽһɽȥ
ߣ
ͷ裬һҡ࣬ܿǵֲĿռѷ졣Ҷؽսã֪ҶıУй켣ѭռѷȫԶܿ
ʱҶѾڶһһСͨ޼϶ĳնȥͷСͨԪӤʿöҲᷨľ
ҶƲ䣬ںķ
СʩչϵԽԽˣ
΢΢һ䣬һ䣬ȫܡڸҶؽ֣еЩƺߵǣҶػÿֻһСͨɽ׽罣߱Сͨɽٶá
ΧսҶûʲôãİ˱СͨɽԶԸһȺ߰޵Χ
ǰ¹ڹһͬΧԪӤڵĹޣ׽ġԴԺ󣬹ûٶΧͷ
Ҷغ͹Ľս޷ֻ֣ƴս
ǶӴͷȥ
ý֡ɱ
ʬţýһ𣬳ʸɱȥ
սϣɫĻʸԾԾԵİ׾ĸءʸٿŴϵܴڣ׷ĹԴʮһֿ֮Ǹɱһ顣
ʸΪ죬ѾԪӤŲ۷壬ûͻƻھ֮ǰΪ޷ȥ
ʸٿر˫ϵɽաƿϵСռƶĪ⣬ԶԸԪӤڹ޵֡
ʵסһԪӤڹޡ
͹˫ͷɱһ飬˺ҧķ츲ء
һսʱ
ڹ޵ʬľȴκβҶءʸˣòȥںɱ߽׺޵ʬ壬һ߷йǵŭһߴӺʬвʬȻѰһϮս
սڴϲķţָƽ
ڽУսһ·ħ½ȥٶȲ̫죬Ҳз򡣹Ҫ׷ս׾ٵ顣
Ҷسϥڼװ˼֮УĬšȻԴԪӤûоԽʧܡ
ΨһԸοǣѾܽԼ״̬ܽ״̬ƺң˳ָѵʶ
׷ս
̶ʱ䣬ͨԪӤʿԣֻһչرȥˣҲ̫⡣
ڹ˵ֱꡣ
ѾûжԪģһһ죬Ϊ˶ҶеıӣĻ˷ʱããڡ
ȻɥǣҶԪӤŲ۷ΪѾ޲𡣶ҶԽԽ죬ԽԽǿڻͨԴԴ
ʵϣҶѾռϷ磬ܹֶΣҲ޷Ҷصռˡ
ҶѣҪôңҪôҵıӣȲұӣֲҳģΪΣ
˫ͷյͷϣԶԶβڴս󷽣ʵ
һԵʬýҲһŴսϵҶءʸˡ
ҶسĬãҲ֪ħ½Ǹпĵط߽ʿڶࡣҪ㹻ʵ档ѾԪӤŲ۷壬һʱҲ޷ͻƻƿֻڽ¹ǸǳǿĶ֣ɽҲҲĶȻһ·Ҳ˭ڱӣ붼룬һҪһͨϵûдͨպħ½վȽŸ
Ҷسһ£ֵ
ҵİѾļޣ㶷ҲΪޣԪӤ۷ҲסҲɱ㣬Ҳ黹ݣȥתȥɣԪӦûüȥĴ½תδһ¡
Ҷû˵ġ
սԶȥ
ס˵仰
Ҷûɱԭֻѡ
ĿУʣµֻǾڹϿ꣬ԪӤڵ۷壬ӵпµʮڤףڶɽԺ绽ưһûãɱҶأòӡҶѾͬ޵УԪӤûж֡ʥڴˣҲͺҶشƽ֡
ûдͨҶɻ֮٣ֹڴˣһ뻯Ե
ǻ׷׷ɱ
ýֿʵ
ȥģ
ãĵ


672 ħ޺Ԫ
βӾβûΪһŮӵģϢĳսװϡ
˸ղҶù뿪һĻЩ
磬֮ΪУҪôɱԷҪôȶԷûС˶ԷȴֺķߡЩ죬⡣
⼸꣬һֱڹ۲ҶأҶһӣǾǲº֡
˵˱еײº֣ϾɱһԪӤޣʵɱȴʼûֻ֣뿪
Ǽ岿˥ǿƲ̲Ʋ䣬壬ɱһɶǿΪӹʹӲ䡣ҶԸ񣬼ֱЩҲġ
һºͲ׵ӣϺӡֱɱ¾ѹ֣ٺǰϲ岿䣬ƫƫϲʿ׽ϧʿԸˡ
΢̾
Ҷת׼ͻʸһزգϢĳ󣬲һ΢΢ǰһɫĵ˻ʸǰǰôпճˣȻβʥ⼸ûʲôûľβɼɵ
֪ħ½Ǹʲôط
ЩֵĿʵ
֪һЩ
Ҷ΢΢ͷħ½˽⣬ħ˵ĵ伮ء
Щ伮һЩܼĵϣֻħ߲ɿӲ⴫ѪԿȥħħ˵ĳҲװЩϸ˵ĳϹۿ
ħ½мƣħ֮ءɱ¾֮ء
Ҷػ˵Ǳߵޣһɫ֮󣬻ħ񻯣Ϊ壬ħ֮ɥʧۣʵǿ쳣աʿɫħҲħɥʧǣΪħޡ
ȷ֪Ĳ١ôӦ֪Ĵˣħ½ǻõġƫɱʺħ½ɱ֮档֮£½ɱ¾Ҫ࣬ʺ徲ʥ֣ǣܲǹһ㣬Ϊβȥ½
Ц
ҶسĬˡ
ѡȥħ½Ȼԭ
ǡȥħ½Ǳ½޹ؽҪһľ磬ɱɱ⣬ɱʱֹͣ⣬Ը޹ء
ħ½иǰԸգٷһЩ鷳ҲѪħԲߣ취
Ҫȥ˱½ز죬Լ׵ģϹ˭ȥ
ҶؿɲΪԼ˵ĳϣܵõ黯ʿչˡǸ껽仰ҲûЯû£֮⣬Ȼûаⷽ˼
ȥĸ½նҪʵǿС
Ҷؿ֮Ȼȥħ½ʸȥĿ½ҲûʲôҪ󣬼޷ȻҲȥħ½
Ϊ޻˵ʱҶڻǿڡ
޵ǡȥҲνˡ
Ҷɫƽ˵һ޹ؽҪ飬۵ЩȻ
ʸһԣҶصɫɽק֡
вٶԶʿļأٹʿĶǡѵҲǣѹսϣҼʱϵѪɷôŨ񣡡
ɫ΢һ£ʲôĳֻ̣ǧѣδϹʱڵսһЩ׼أҲ֪һЩ־Ķ֣ʿѹ
ĻһЦ⻰˵ȥ˭Ű
ɫҲˡ
Ļħ½Ӧûĺڣ
˵ͷʥֽʣ飬ħ½֮಻㣬ħ½вٻʿ˵ץסӡˡʥ֮ǰֻһʱĶͷǲδжҶܰһСŮӸжΪرСŮԸ̷ңֱҳʥİΪֹ
һʥίԼ¡ֻħ½ʿĵ̣岻ܶж衢̴ӵȵȲСʿ̴ӵݴڣŲʿĿӺ͹
ǰȥҺʵӦⲻ󡣡
ҶЩĲɣû˵ʲôֻҪβͷĺ˵
ʸݺҶһѣԹĿƺ˵һλβʥŮǲǺܿģ
Ҷֱ΢΢ʹЩãȻԩ
սˣ
Ҷæתƻ⡣
տϺĺͼᣬħ½Żмµг̣ѾܽˡϷһʱ䣬㵽ħ½ħǡ
ʸ
ĺˮѾɫˣ
Ҷսϣ·ȥ
ĺˮǵɫġս·ħɫⲨ쳣İ󲿷ֺ棬ĺɫһЩطðɫԵЩء
Ӧþħ½ˡ˵˴ɫ֮󣬻ħ֪ħ֮޻ô
Ҷص
սǧɸ߿գٷš
һ£ħ½ԽԽϳֵĵҲԵԿٵħޣڵ͵츽ĺħ½󲿷޶Ѿħ
Ҷءʸûмħޡ
֪٣ҲһЩ伮ļأδۼ
սɹһС죬ҶؿһͷͽħԳڻ
ȥץͷħޣħ޸ʲôͬ
Ҷһ£ս߶ȣðȥȻеͽħڵϣһӦòи߽ħ޴ڣõĻʲôΣա
Ӧһɸߵս£䡱ڵϡ
ͷ߽׽𵤼ħԳͼͣڵѰʳͻȻһ˴ɳһƺ죬ôģȻĵ̡
Ǵ˵صİΧħޣ˭Ƶģͳеʳˡ뵱굺ϻһͷħȻҸ⵺İȨݺݵĳࡣ
ħԳЩΪ򵥵뷨ų˫ȻĳɽѣҪһ
ֳɫꪣֱӴħԳһɫâɫꪱħԳı۰ϡ
ͷ߽ħԳķֱ֣۾Ȼڽڱѣ䡱ɳʮ⡣
ʥʿʵ൱ԪӤʿԸ𵤼ħ޼ֱֱ𡣰ħԳˣŷӦԼ̫أȻͷ߽ħԳֱӴƬСͷ
Ҷؼ״ЩΣͻʸսϷ
ҶشһħԳʬ壬ͷħԳȶԳҪһЩëƤʵӲʵ߽ħ֮Ӧ൱ǿͫǹɫ
ħʬ巭ŪûҵֻҵһŲɳСӰɫ塣
ȻûԪ
ҶһԪ𾪣ԷоӰɫӵгԪ⾧Ԫ̫һ֮ԪֱԪ
֮Ԫʸ
еԪֱģֻôһСǧһԪӤʿޡǻʿֻ¸С
ʸȵ
ţһԪȷò󣬵١ǧĻڶʱڳɾһԪӤʿħ½Ҫһ鵤ҪΪֱɱħ޶ˡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷκˡ
ΪŨȶǿٱ޸Ըȥ
ħ½ȴԪʿĺôѹЩʿ˴˵֮󣬱㼸ҲԸⷵضɽ硣


673 ħ̨
սٶȷţ֮Ҷڿ߳һƬĴ½ޱ޼ʵĺߡƬ½ǵɫģ᫵ɽʯ嫵ɳĮɽͣççӴг˱˻ߵҰԭҰ
ҶءʸԦսħ½ıԵ
޴ħǣħ½˺ߡ˵ҲǶʿִħ½֮ڴ˵Ƽһΰ׳۵ɳǡ
ħ½һӴɳǣʿǾסɳڡںܴһ϶ǹ޵ĺᣬڴ˵زϷܵʿֱӴӶɽʿࡣ
ٽħǵʱѾԿУд߽ʿԦҫĿķ߳ɹ
βԥãҶ˵Ҫҵ黹ݷϡ
һ飬޴ɲأšԼҲҪҶصķɽڲУħ½߶ⱻʿץȥСͨɽϵķӡֻܷӡסԪӤ飬ʥá
ǰｻͲҡ
Ҷظеʮ⣬ͷȻЩڸ֪ҵܹʲôҲʥ⡣֪Щ޷š
֮ǰҶöҵʲô뷨ϾھβʥС
û뵽öʥʥǲϧرȻɵС
ʥкãѵܷʥİأֻʱϱܣкʵ֮ȻҪûɫҲҪܺãҪŪˡ
Ϊм
ǣΪǰƷҪеգܲܺ޴۰ɣ
鷳һᾡ㡣
ðɡ
ҶڨڨӣΪѡʱҪ֮ҵ黹봢ڡ쬵ĻΪһͷСɵЯһϵСͨɽ֮С
ʸһԿţ촽ЦֲЦβʥȻҲʧʱ򣬸֪ҵ֪֪ס
˵Ҷؾ㽫öҵõʵûʲôáԪӤѾӵһƬϸռ䣬´࣬òϾβöҵ
ҵûǵͽʿȥãÿһΣϸռڵһܷӳЧ档ԪӤʿʹöҵͻƽ뻯ھҲֻܵõһѣ˺ܶࡣ
սɵֺΰħǸ
ħǼΪӴ󣬽ǳصʿڶࡣ
ڳⲻԶһһֵĵطһ˸ʰɵľᦣдšħ̨ŴССʯ̨ʮʯ̨һЩʿʯ̨϶д裬ΧۼǧƵԪӤʿʿвٵĻʿΧۡ
ҶؽսħǶȥ
ͻʸһħǵıŴǡ
ŴһɫԪӤʿȻԪӤڣҲ𾪡
ʿѳħǣԪӤʿǷÿһ߽ԪһˣҪ߽Ԫ𣿡
һɫ׵ԪӤҶءʸûԪǣɽ£ɫõ
ҪԪƷʯвУ
ҶȻ
ʯֻԪҪԪڳÿһҲҪһԪħǵĹأĪǵһħǣ֪ЩأȥԪ
ԪӤЩӣԪӤʿħ½ĵλߡǻڵģû˻⡣
Ҷزüͷħ½Ȼ֪Щħ½ԪʯãȻҲôϡʯ
ֻһ߽ħϵõԪȻ˵Ƿѡ
߰ɣȥɱͷħٻħ½֮Ӧвħޡ
ŶɴĻʸҶصֱۣ
ǴȥɱħޣħΧǧﷶΧ֮أΧڵħޣֻǲȥɱأɱҲ޴ԩ
Ȼˣħ½֮أдƬδʿռ죬ħ޿ɱ֮ǿħޣֻлʿֵطҪǾ̫Ҳȥ
ЩԲɹЦ׷׳Ц
߿ɣȥǱߵħ̨ϣǵʵǿãϼ˵Ԫʤʮ֣ԸļȥɻԽ࣬Խࡣ
ӳͷĻ֣Ҷ뿪úʿǡ
ҶЩεĴŻʸ뿪š
Ѫ˵ħ½ħ֮󣬱Ѫţ˴·ȥأ˫ĳӶɻ
Ҷشͱħסڳڸ̸󿴿ûƻ񵤵䷽ҵ뻯ھİ취ͱܹͻƻھ磬ȻҲȥѪɻ
¿϶Լһɣڡ
ʵҲͻƻھ磬ŻῼȥʱͶѪħѪûа취
ҶƵǣûԪħǵĳŶȥ
ΨһһԪǼǰںһСżȻɱһͷħԳõġ˵ħ½½ضԽɱħޣɱۡ
ĻٻʱȥԶ죬޷ɱħõԪ˵ˣЩСϣҲûжħ޿ɱħھסһҪһ߽Ԫ
ȥħ̨ɣЩ˵ʯǱ߿
Ҷ˵
ʸ˵ͷŰһħħ̨ȥ
ħ̨ڱ¶쳨̨Χ۵ʿڶࡣ̨ϲʿƴΧ۵ʿ˷ܵĴ
ѣӰѾĸɵ첻ˣķҪ֧Ųסˣ򣡡
ѽôҲûˣؼʱȻʩչɱ
ģõľȻˣһٶԪģ´ҲѺʤˣӻɣǲһס
ҶءʸЩĽȺУۿ
ҶؿСʱܿŪħ̨Ĺء
κʿ̨ΪԪѺעʿս
̨ʿͬԪԶģȻ̨ս
һ£ʿʿͬλʿ֮䶷һ𵤺ʿսһʿһԪӤʿսһԪӤʿ
Ҳһսˣͽʿս߽ʿ
ֻҪʯ̨䵽棬սܣʧȥѺעԪ
ʿһԶࡢͽս߽ףΪħ̨ϳѺԪ֮⣬һԸ̨ϵĶս˫򣬴˲óеκΡʿ֪Уǫ̂ϰܣⱻɱ
ħ̨ĹغܿɣϲΪ硢ֻҪԸֵܶսС
Χ۵ʿҲԶսֽѺעʤ
ħ̨Ϊ̼һַսѺעޣÿһ֣Ѻעʮ֣ʮ֣࣬ޡַսĺ棬ҪԪֱǺŵ֡
ֻҪ̨սܣһֱȥ


674 ʮ֣
㿴
Ҷ룬ĻʸȥħǵĻõԪȥɱħޣôħ̨һЧõԪİ취
Сĵ㣡
ʸȻҶص˼ҶصʵмǿġҾħ̨սˣҲֻһԪѣûʧ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ħ̨̨ޣֻʮÿһ̨һռš
ۼǧƵħʿÿ뿪̨̱ڶʿȥռλáҪҲô׵顣
ҪôΪսߣѺעһԪ󣬰̨
Ҫǫ̂
ҶֻһԪ̫٣޷սֻ̨ܵ
̨Ȼ¡
ԪӤŲʿѾԪӤھ۷ڣԪӤʿ֮мܸ硣
ڻʿ඼ǵλߵٻħֻ̨̨սѡһЩսɫԪӤʿΪǵ¡
Ҷħ̨̨֮תƣĿ鵽ʮ̨һд֮⣬һ뿪˲ռǧɴС̨룬ץһ˱־СģΪʮ̨
ħ̨άģͬħǵ
վ̨Եһλڼ׵ħ˹ҶسΪʮ̨ԽʿսħֱħǳϻᣬҲû˭¡
ͼΪԪӤʿǱҶһҶسֻ¡
ķϢǿǸԪӤŲʿ
ʵĸߣ˭ȥս
λ޵ĵ֣Ԫñս㣿
ҶسΪ̨һȺԪӤʿΧ̨׷״
±ţΪײ㣬ԼѺעԪħ̨ϴ֣һ»ֹս
ԪӤΪħҲҶʵ
ҶأԪӤŲ㡣
ҶشͣͳһԪѺעЩΪѵĵֻһ߽Ԫ˵㣬ӦÿԳΪɡ
ʲô²һ߽Ԫ
ħӹһԪʱɵˡ
û涨˵һ߽ԪͲܳΪҲҶȥҪǣħǻħ̨˰𣬵ıȶ뿪ʱѺעҪϽʮ֮һһ߽ԪĶʮ֮һʲôֿ鷳
ʯ̨·׷µڶԪӤʿǾһСļž֮󣬴
ʲôЦԪӤʿһ϶ҪķѲٵƣһԪƶ
ѺעһԪԪӤʿ˭Ը򰡣
һ߽Ԫɱһͷ𵤳ħ޾ܵõ춼ԪӤʿһûʮϰˡŽ׵Ԫֵóһְ
λֵܣǲǱ˭ϴˣʮԪòɴɣȥͷôкü߽ס˽׵Ԫء
ҶضЩֻûĿ񣬵ʿ̨ս
ԪӤʿǳһҶش̨ϲˣֻɢȥȥ̨һս
Ҳܹ
ҶԪӤŲ۷ʿԪӤ㼶⡣ܹﵽΪ㼶ʿ̫ࡣ
ʵǿԪӤŲʿѵΪһ߽ԪȥսһԪӤŲʿҲ̫ˡֲǽʿΪһ߽Ԫ
ԪӤʿǸԸֻ֣ʣһЩʵ΢ĽʿһЩĿϷʿ̨Χۡ
Ǵսģʿȶ׼Ҷȥ֮Ą̊́Ҳ̨ҶѺעǶ١
ħȴڰеùҪһֱûսҶصĻ̨װ˷ʱ䣬Ҳ޷ӱȶгȡ˰Ӷֻ̨Ĺء
Ҷص˺һҲûսЩΡܸܲվ̨ϣ̨µʿΧ۰ɡ̨ȺȥͻȻȺмһָ㣬սң
еģһ΢֣ɫЩ׵ʿλʿŴЩɵ̨¶֣Ҳ֪ڸʲô
ʲô
ʿãȻ񣬼Χ˶ŷӦҶȥһæ֣СĲŸոս𵤳ڲãϲ̫ԶˣһָͷҲ򲻹ȥǲǴ𣡡Ą̊́ϱˣԷǲøġ
û£Ҳ֡⣬ǿֶιֻҪܰҴ̨ȥ߽Ԫˣ
ҶЦ
ɫ׵ʿ֮󣬲ɳɣ΢΢Ķˡ
һ߽ԪԪӤʿ˵мһˣǶԽ𵤳ʿ˵Ƿǳɹ۵ģǿҪȥɱħ޻ң̨ϵԪӤ˵ˡ֡ڲ֮أӦӮɣ
λħæ֤Ҿ֡
Ҷһº͵ЦЦԼӳһ֣ϥ̨ϡ
ɣ꣬Ҳûˡ
ħֹһ䵹ù˵ͷأͽʿ߽ʿսֻҪ˫ͬ⣬ôС
ӦûиԪӤʿľɣֻҪһԪиԪӤʿľ顣պ˵սһԪӤʿܽΣҲһҫһĽʿлԪӤʿ֣
ҶعĶ˵
̨£ڶ࿴ֵĽʿҲ壬̨ȥս
ɫʿĶˡһҧҲãһ߽ԪһѣͲˣܰԪӤʿ̨ȥ
ɽ㣡ǵǰ֡
ʿбһ˿ңһʯ̨̨ȶһ߽Ԫ
˫ȭŽ⣬һ𣬳Ҷغȥ뽫Ҷش̨ȥ
䣡
ɽȭҶصĻϣɲǼоһɿ񱩵ķ֮Ϯ˳ȥʮɣǻѪڣĵʮಽ̨վȽŸ
ɽ۵޷š
Ҷûֵһ𣬾Ȼ˳ʮԶҶصĻɽ΢Ĳûгһ
ɽа˫ȭٶȾҶس˹ȥ
žžž
ɽȭһҶϣȭжأ֮жءС㹤ɽھҷ֮ɫʼҰף̲͡סһھѪ
ҶظҲͦû˼
һֿ϶סˡڶޣѺעɶԪٵĿһѺעûԪӤʿǰʽ
Ҷ΢΢̾
ɽһھѪ֮ѾᡣеԼϵƭˣʲô֡ǼٵģǷ֮ùˡһԪ̨ռˣԼѪ
λϵܣ㻹ȥɣٴ򣬿ҪԼˡ
ҶЩЦסһԪķϣȰ
ǰǿңʲôӸԪӤʿ顣ŶûʲôҲûõװ׳һԪһѪ
ʿɥķȥܶ࣬κβҶأֻȻ뿪ʯ̨
˭˵û飡ⲻ㿴ԪӤʿķ֮ҲһֱĶ飡ֵ֪ķжǿ֪ҪǿĹܻƷ
Ҷɫ˵
ɽ㶣оҶص˵Ҳԡ
벻֪ԪӤʿķޣǼʶһ°ɡһλʿһսλʿսÿһһֱǰҴ̨ΪֹվɣŲֶβޣŰɡҴ̨ȥеԪ͹ˡȻ޷ҴȥǱˡ
ҶصЦ⻰ֻǶɽ˵̨µʿ˵

ǰԸһԣ
̨ѾۼʿڹսʿսԪӤʿĶħ̨ϡĺܣһ߽Ԫǻ֧ġ
ϱʿֵԾ̨̨ϵһ߽ԪΪһϣÿֻһ
Ȼ˷ܵĥȭƣ뿴ܲܰҶش̨ϴȥ
ǿɽ첻ζҲ첻
׳ղȭͷȥӲ֣⵽
ֵܴôŲҶһһŲ̨ȥ
Ȼˣ̴ֵܵ졣Ҷǳ̵þóҲ᲻ֺ
ܿ죬ֻĲĽʿϳ

ħ̨ʮ̨ıȶڼ
ʱ̨֮ۼħ̨ǧƽʿ졢桢ԾԾԡ𺳵Ŀ⡣
ֻҪҶزħ̨ÿһѺעᷭһѺעֻôһ߽Ԫֽ֮Ѿһٶʮ
̨ϼվ˽ʿҲ޷ƵҶصĻ֡
̨Ѿ޷վ¸Ľʿ
һٶ߽ԪʵҲʲôѾ㹻ԪӤʿˡʮ̨ɧ̫ͽʿĿ⣬ΧԪӤʿе
һȺʿǰţʲô£ԬȻֻԪӤڶ㣬ҲҪµı£һĿⷢĴ󺺣һ޸һСԪħǵȻ̨
󺺲Ÿվ̨һɫ޽
飬󺺻æԾ޸ֵסصˤ̨ȥΧڽʿԪӤʿĺȻЦ
ҶջطɽҲû࿴һۡû˵ԪӤʿҲ֡
֣Ҷʤ
ڰ֣Ҷʤ
ھ֣Ҷʤ
ʮ֣Ҷʤ
̶̵һ㹤ڣλԪӤڡʿ̨ûܳŹƬ̣㱻̨⡣ЩԪӤʿ˵߽Ԫ࣬ҲԸȥһսֻǽܲǵ⡣
ʤʮǽħ̨ĵһλʮʤߡ˭Ҫսʮ̨ħǵʮĴС̨ϵѺעǣѾԽԽߣõӶҲɹۡ


675 ַս
ħ̨ʮʯ̨£ʸŰһֱڹսȻҶǰʮĶֺҶÿʤһǶ˻ǸеΪˣܡ
ҶʮֵıȶЩȡɣƭ壬һȺʿԪǺôħ½֮ĵһС롣
㣬ҶӮһǧ߽Ԫħڴܾˡڳסޣиֿ϶ҪԪҶٴӮ֣Ԫ㹻úЩʱˡ
˷ܵ
ʸЦŵͷʮֵĶʮɣٴ߰Ӧûκ⡣ɿһ㣬ֻٴϣ߽Ԫˣ϶һʱˡ

ħ̨һλʮʿѾλҶصѣ̨ħԪӤʿս
ֶ̨ħʮ֡
ħϣʱ˲СɧڶԪӤʿĿ⣬̨ɨ˹ЩѡµĻҲɳʮ̨࿴˼ۡ
עҶʮ̨ԪӤʿԿʼࡣ
ħڵǧԪӤʿ˻̨дȶ֮⣬Ѿע⵽ʮ̨
ȻԪӤʿħ̨ʮ֣֪ʮζʲôһʮ֣ζħеԪӤʿս
Ҵʮֵģһ㶼ʵǿʿ֮ǰʮ̫ȡˣѺעԪҲٵĿʮֲһǧ߽Ԫ
֪ܹܲʮ֣
ʲôʮ֣ʮ֣ħҲֻԪӤʿ
ڵʿ۷׷ף
ǣ̨·۵Ȼ࣬ͼϳԪӤʿȴ١
ħ̨һٶõĹأǰʮֵĻϵʿ̨սûʲôƣһЩͽʿȥĳҲСһȶʮ֣̤һµżԶõħ̨ʮʿĳƺš
ıȶüΪࡣ
ֻͬʮսʿǿߣʸ̨Ҷؽн
Ҳ˵Ҷشʮ֮ЩèĽʿǽֹ̨ģһԪӤʿҲѾûʸȥսˡֻħǴʮֵԪӤʿ̨սҶأиּս
ҶÿһĳƺҲԶΪħ̨ʮһ֣ʮ֡ʿ
Ҷظոħǣħ̨ϰײҲûʿʮϵġûʿ̨Щɻ󣬵ɾ̨վţԪӤʿ̨ս
һȣǽСʱ

ħڣһСȺ߰ѻ߰Ůʿۼһ
мΪ׵һˣһŮӡ
ǶԪӤкڵΪ䡢½иɽʶħǵʿ֪ǻרõʶֻĵϵŲʹͬıʶ
ϵЩʶÿһħһλպмǿʿ
ΧͨʿʶȤվԶҿȺԪӤʿ
ħֶһʮʿ»вʮʿȤкϷˣ
һȻҪһЩʿ͵ͼԪӤʿʮ֡ħǻĹӶͣ
һλϽӣﲻмЦ˭һȥŰһŰɨأ֪ħǲôûġ
֣ԪӤŲΪ࣬ӦЩʵһȥʰ
һλʿʮУЦ
ʵҲֲҪֶˡѺעԪ֮٣±ԪӤǿߵϡȻǲԸˣȥˣ
ϽӳǺŮӿһ£ԣ㳯ΧʿȺ΢΢һơȺУ¡
һģʿʮ̨˲ܴ£ħ̨ʮʿӢԪӤ˲㣬ˣһ߽ԪٻһϵСͨᵶ̼䣬һķϢλΪģӿ
λԳӢĸ࣬Ҷ֮ǰıҶءͶȡɡҲΪġʮսʵʵսʤʮͬλ֣ûаˮ֡
ҶûλսߺѣһӣһϵСͨɽâֶһľϵͨɽ溣ŭѾơ
ˮɿӢǱ𵶡
Ӣ״һæӴ׳һϵСͨ
ʿǷ༸⣬ҪϡûзϵĻֻң޷γɺΪһʿһķƵġͬʱٿصķԽ࣬䵽ÿһķҲԽ٣ÿһȻ
⣬ٿطԽ࣬ʶҪҲԽߡʿֻһʶֻܲٿһʶһʶΪΪĵĵΪ˵ѴԽߣԽѡ
ֻٿһʿͬҲսʤʿ
ҶصϽܹٿذ˱ɽһĽԶǵİ˱ɽȡ
ֻ˶һǿӢ
ֻһ֣Ķд裬Ӣ¶
ͨ˵ܹʮֵԪӤʿ϶ЩʵڽϸߵεԪӤʿǶҶ˵ơ
ڶɽʵǰλĹޣҲֻķݡ
ҶضԸӢĶ֣ģϿֱɱ
Щ̨¹սڶʿԪӤʿҲʮĿҶػûʩչʵӢѾѹס֧ż׾
Ӣɣ̨϶ˣ
һսߣɣôûã׷ѹʤϰԪˣ
̨µʿǴ
Ӣ̨ϳܵѹڶʿ䳰£̨ϰܡϾҶش̨ϲϰܣһŭ֮ɱҲ޴˵
ʮһ֣Ҷʤ
̨ħ
̨µڶʿһƬʼ
һȶȻĺܿ죬ǳڵʿڿһЩŵˡ
̨λԳҶصԪӤŲʿʵԱԤƵҪߡ˵֮ǰʮЩĻڣѾһλħ̨ʮԪӤʿܱ֤Ҷصʵ͡ħ̨ʮ֡ĳƺƥġ
ıȶӴ̼
ΪҶսʤӢ֮ѾԶΪħ̨ʮһʿ
ڣֻЩѾáħ̨ʮһʿʸȥսҶءʮʿѾʧȥսҶصʸ
ϸĴڣ̶ȱ֤ʿʵħ̨ƺ໥ƥ䣬ֵͽʿ̨սĳ֡ÿһֵ֣ĵξԸһ
ַսľ衣
ʮ֮߰㼶ԪӤʿѾüϡ١

ôͰˣ
ϽշһɫЩѿ
ǰӴʱȴ鳩죬Ц֣˵Щ°ɣ㻹ţֻһȥսװ׸ҪɴԼȥ̨
ߣһϻЩ޳ֶܵΡ
ϽɫãĿⶢ̨Ѿŭ
ǣΪһħ̨ḻʿǲֵ̨ʵ߶ûôȥҲҪȵʵֶΣаˣŻȥ̨սղӢûбƳҶصʵ
ǺǣҶСӵȷ˲ٵʵŻһ·˳˳ˮʮһ֡һģصְܱһʮһԪʮ£
ЦЦŮӵʦ㣬ص֣
ʮ֣
Ůӵ˵ʮѾһĶʿħֻʮԪӤʿסʮ֣ҼڿأҪ֡صʮ֣ұЧ
ɫҲ΢һ£ڨڨһЦ


676 ʮ֣ս
磬һλʮһֵԪӤʿ̨սҶء
ҶԽˮľСͨɽѹסֻ֣ܣ˳˳ˮûж
һεĶûܲҶصʵߡ
ڽļҶڵ̨Χ۵ʿڣȴʿȥս
ЩʵԪӤʿȥҲֻǰװ׳ɾҶȻԸֻ֡ʵϸߣǿĵԪӤʿŻῼ̨
ЩʮֵԪӤʿҲ̨ħ̨ʮַսһͬͬͬʵսЩԪӤʿҲ뿴Ҷظʵߡ
ʮ֣Ҷʤ

ʮ֣Ҷʤ
ҶؼСͨķɽʤһʮԪӤʿħ̨µһƬȻ
ţȻʹͬϵķɽӸʿôԪӤŲģɴһͷײˡ˵±ӻлõɡ
ǺȫʿһǸ߽λʿѹʤʮ֣
ħ̨ʿˣ۷׷ס
Ҷʮ֮󣬴ԵĹһԼõ߽ԪԼǧЩԪʱ㹻һʱˡԺ취ʯ
ħ̨ŪһԪһãûͷ˼صʮ֣Ԫ㹻ˣħǵҲһЩħǵʿ͡
ҾصʮְɣһԪȥˡ
ҶؿҲûԪӤʿս㳯̨ħ˵
ʲôֻʮ֣µʵӦûûʩչΪʲô֣ǴʤˣõԪǷµҲ֮ǡֻҪصʮ֣ħǵǶʢǵĴԪӤʿİ
̨ħһ㶣һæȰֱţҶؾȻʱ򣬷õĻᣬѡ뿪̨Ϊħǵ˰Ҳ뽫Ҷս
ˣһ£۳ʮ֮һ˰ʣ¶Ԫ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ûͶĳλĴ㡣
ħΣװŴԪĴӣĥĥĿʮ᲻Ҷؾ뿪̨
̨µڶʿϴӦˡ
£Ǹոעһǧ߽Ԫѹʤʮְһ֡ˣҪװԪ̨һʿУˡ
ѹʮԪʤʮ֣Ҫڸ;Ӵֵ׷ɱ㣡Ӹɵǻ棬ֵħ½û֮أ
һԪӤʿܻŭ
ΧһȺʿڴС
ʮ̨˶עĹսʿ
Ҷؿ̨·Ҫʿһ£ɫŭʿģȻҹȻв
׷ɱ
һսϰԪӤ׷ɱҲûüͷв
𣿰Ԫң
ҶؿҲ̨ڷŭʿ䳯ħ˵
ǿӲǲٱȶȥ
һ£̨µڶʿڼˡʮ̨Ѿħ̨ʿע⡣˵ҲλԪӤʿ̨ѺעǴѹҶʮ֣ࡣ
ҶͻȻҪ̨мҪѪ޹顣
ŮӣϽʿʿһˣԴҲеʮͻأǺŮӣϣҶܴʮ֣ÿǷҪҶأΪЧ
ԣȥȥ⣬Ҽλʮֵʿħ̨ʮַսսΪֹƳȫʵΪħǵħ̨ʮսǶϷ¾£
Ů
ǣ
Զһ׳ʮ̨ϣ׼Ǯ̨ҶغȵԣʮԪӤʿս£չأδ뿪̨µս
׳˵ţһԪѾһϵСͨһϵСͨǿϵܷǿĽϵʿʱżơ
̨ħ׳һԪȻһĪӿҶأչأѾ̨Ԫ㻹ûԪ뿪̨ܶԷսҪôֱϰܣһԪҲܴߡ
ҶˣʲôùأȻ̨С
һ㣬ɵǧɸ߿ա
ն
ɽΪâ֯һ𣬳̨ȥ
䣡
ǧɷԲʯ̨һ
Ҷ֮ǰıȶܿϵ㵽Ϊֹ֪УҲʶȤ̨ΪԪӤʿǶģǧɷԲ̨ܲס
ɢȥ̨԰ڵϣɫ࣬ľĶѾڣ΢΢ǿٿŷܺͳϵηѾѳʮ飬ϵҲѾѺۡȻͬСͨķķƷʣǱҶصĲࡣ
գԻû֧ס۵һӿϺͷľѪȻ̨ϡ
нȫһشھ񱩵ķƻѡһˣҲȫָ۷״̬
ʿҴ̨̧ȥ
ڡʮ֣Ҷʤ
ԪӤڵħѾŵ̨֮ܳ⣬Ŀ¶ηֱǿһͷޱ׺ħһ
ħ̨ʿҲɵһ
ħ̨ս涷Σյģʵʲôǣʮʿһ¹ͱңȴǼΪ
վԶսĺŮӣȴһûá
˭
Ҷ
Ѿ֪ԪӤʿǲ̨ȻǾͰǴų̂Ϊֹ
ΪӣҶ̨ϡûãһλԪӤʿ̨ˣʼʮֵսǼϵʿλʿܹ赲Ҷصִμϳ塣
λʿԼɥҪɥһ

ħǵԪӤʿħַ̨սʮ֡ʮϵĸ֣Ҫļڳ⣬ۿⳡ̨սʮʿ֣°ˡʮָҲ֮߰ࡣ
Щʮֵʿ֣ÿһպħǼ͵λԪӤʿǳħ̨䶯
Ǵ󲿷ˣȴǳĬʾǷ̨ս
ܼ򵥣һֱڣҶȻóСͨȴƺŸֶΣʵļ
ԪӤŲ㣬ϵɽʵٿǿдʮ֣֮󣬾˵ˡѵֶΣ
ĳλʿ
ʿԴ˶ͬ
Ȼʮֲûжֻ˲ãλսֻҶصĶιܵѹ̫ڱҶغݺʰ֮ǰҴϰ̨ܳñ
ʮ֣
һַǳؼֻҪʤˣħǹϵĶԪӤʿõлĿغ£
⣬лսʮ֡
ħҲֻʮλعʮֵʿλ֮ߣЩʮʿԪӤ۷ʿ
ʦܣҼǵƺعʮ֣ҪҪȥһԣǾûʤ㣬ˣǿˣҲ潻
ŮӳϽʿ˵
ʦ˵ﻰһԹˣʲôġҪûȥСϣ˰һٰˡ֣㿴ʦ㶼ϳܲҪϵܴͰɣ
ӹЦװģȴ̧ŵ˼ûС
ϽŤһ£ЩκջĿһǰӣ޺޵أȥʲô£
أʮԪӤŲʿ
Ͻӷգ
ʮ̨ͻˣֻڰմΪܡ
ҶشϽһۡ
ʮõɽǴʮ֣ѾħǶĶֻá
Ҷһ٣н֮⣬Զһϵɽ
ħϣһƬͻȻ
㲻ôֶһϵ
Ͻ۽΢΢鴤ɫһ䣬ǿӲ¾жСͨһȫʩչ
ȫʩչ㻹񡣡
ҶЦ


677 һʤ
Ҷ䳰˵꣬Ͻɫʱ࣬ޱȡ
ƺǿ֮ͽΪ˲ǣͼŭңǳħǣʶҲأ
Ͻӻһ׻ϵɽһתŭЦҶصʵΪɵҲ֪ϸն˹ȥĻϻ
أδʮʿѵܳ𣿣
ҶЩͷ
رҶ˵ʹʱЩߺΡħڣʮֵԪӤʿٸ֮࣬ضʮֵԪӤֻʮǲԺաԼиܳ档ԼЩʮֶʿᲢۡ
㲻֪ûϵǲ֪Ҽ棬ǿɾЦˣҼ棬ħǸ׹ȲܴħǳŵĳԱͳأԪӤʿǧ֮ڡ
عһЦȻ󻰷һתﴫܴʮ֣ҲʵǿʿҼڴˣҲ𰮲֮ġǸ´˿ԸϰܣĳȻţΪһԸ֣ڳ׹ȵλͣܳΪħӳͳϰԪӤʿȻҪ˭Ҿܾ׹ȵ⣬ҼӣֻҪҼһ仰ز㣬ħǣҲס
һ£вȣħԪӤʿ϶ʮֹáϧ˵˶
ҶܴŶû˭֪ܴĸСʿ˵һûʲôħǴ£ȥҸͶ
Ҷضħ˻Ǻ˽ġħ˾ͷǶǸưΪӭͷֱڵԲħ½֮ͱˡͲţħ½ʿܴͨһһҵĺⷬвǿ̸ѡ
ְɣ˷ʱ䣡ȳ֣ҳ֮ûˡ
ҶҲطϻֱ˵
ʲô
һ£ɫٶѿ׹ǰһӲԣȲӣҲӡ
ԭΪڴҶͳ̶Ҳƽ֡ȴû뵽ҶظɴĻؾһɱӵŭ⣬ʱѹһ˿侲
ƲԳԷƣǾòĳһı£
ʢŭ֣еһ׻ϵɽ
ƷʾѵĻϵСͨɽһһٶʮ˱СͻϵɽÿһԼ߳һӴĻϵ飬ͬһž͵Ļ
һķɽΪٲ쬡쬣Ҷع
Ҷضʱ¶һ˿أнһָٿشнѸһķ
һһٶʮ˱ʶҪѶߴΣܲٿ˶ķؿ϶ʶʶ¹Ĺ
ҶȻϽΪмҲһһĵϵᣬֱΪ׵Ĵнķƣֵ˷Сɽ
ֻϸССͨɽâͬʵʣһҫ۵Ļ⣬ȻʹתĴн
硢硢
һܼ𽻴УĻٲӲıҶصĴн֯ɵĽ
Ȼ𽣹Ϣ˶ܿκβҶطֺ
ڶڣصĸоС
ľˮԲͬСͨɽһĽ໥Ȼһ壬ϢתƺԴԴеˮϢǿƣǳ棬ȫĿס𽣵ƣʮɹƷӲ߰˳ɡ
ôʿͬʱϵ󣿡
ڸоԼڹһֻǿһо޴֡Ҷصɽֻزûκο϶ͻơ
ȻˣҲΪԼ
ĻϵҶصĴнάָܲʤ֣֮Ҷظҵһ¶ЩܸҶضܾˡ
ôպһƽֵĽ֡
òѪǣҶزֻ󣬻һ罣δһʵķϵУǺҪвǰ衣
ڲףΪʲô֮ǰ̨սԪӤʿǻܵǰףϰܡֱǿʱҪĸо̫ˡ
ʮѾȫʩչ󹥻ҶأûֶȥֵǱ罣ͻϮ
ʱѾʮֺڣ嶯̨սˡ
ȥҲѣڳôħǵԪӤʿڹսټλŮʦΨֲҵİӣӿûš
ħ̨棬ʹص׹ȣԼҲٲһ𷣡
뵽⣬ؾðգҧʳָɿԾѪΪýڿлһɬģͬʱԪȵлף
ֻԪģżΪŨģȻâ
ţԭʣƱɫƬƬƾնԵĻƣγһС
һɴСâҫĿĻ򣬴ڵâӻзеҶء
ԴڣԪ߶Сͨлףܹл׵ֻҪԪ׷ϵĻĻϵ󣬿νӵ¡
СͨķǺɵģԪӤʿҲûСͨлǻϵСͨеһ֣ٶ൱Ŀֲ˲䱬ըƴнòˡ
ڵڶԪӤʿ¶֮ɫΪؾȻϧԪģʩչлס
ħ̨ʿһƬ
Ҷۼǵһ߳ٳδڶˡ
âһ
ʯ֮䣬Ҷǰɵĸ߿Уһ쵽µıУ˺ѿһԼһߵռѷ죬â˽ȥʧ١
ЩâЮҲ˺ѵ֧飬ɥʧ
ҶСͨռ˺ѡԸСͨ׷ʵ׾١
÷罣ʩչϵСͨ
СϵѾϵˡ
ǰһĻ۷׷׵ʿһо쬵ġ
һȭ޻ϣȫļȱƣЩ³ѪķѵԪȻԪĴܸУȴơ
̨·ŮӵĿȴǸ
زԥǷüл׺ȥ
ûֶˣֵˣ
Ҷؽһָ׵ڿһۣһնһıУءϵСͨռ˺ѡһУԪӤʿռ籩֮Уǿǻɥ
ؾ֮£æջػϵɽٿлףȫռ˺ѡ
ħ̨յŲռ䣬ħ̨Ķһսɱͬǲ롣ϰܣҲ·ߡħ̨̨ϿգҲôǧɴΧĻоսҲûʲô
ֻǿӲ֧˼Ĺ򣬱ŲסһҽУֱӷµ档ûֻǱռ˺жһ첲ҪΪ¾ͲǶϵһ첲ô򵥡
ʮ֣Ҷʤذܣ
̨ħ˷ܵĴ
ħ̨ΧʿǼħֵһսʮֵԪӤʿûȥս˵Ĳء
ûҶزĻʮʿأһɵʤʮԪӤʿʮʿη
ħǣʸģֻнʮʮԪӤʿ򲻴ʤΣʵҪҶħѾļԪӤʿȻǻ棬ҲòĿ࿴


678 СħŮ
ҵ֣ȥһ
Ǻǣ֣ĽϵСͨɱʤһȥҶѱһ
ô⼸һŷ˹ؼʱ򣬿²̨о꣬ǻų̂սλҶѣٿǰɡ
ħڣ绪ԪӤʿ̸Ц˭ϳǶǶʮԪӤʿҲֻǲʸʮ̨ʿûʸġ
ȻˣԸԸϲϣҲǸ⡣ʤ˹Ȼǰ˺Ҳء
û˼սҶڿҪҪ뿪̨ʱһŮӰ̨Ҷȥ
ںŮӷ̨һ˲䣬ӵħ̨ʱžǰǼЦ̸˭̨ĶʮԪӤʿ˵ֻǿ̨
̨ħʿŮɳһæǰȰС㣬ǶʮһʿҶһ֡ո߽ײսͽ׵ĹأսֻеҶٴһ֣ս

ŮƳһʿûȤ
ħʿŮĿһɨʱ˺󣬲ٶ˵䡣
ֻҪħһʱʿ֪λСħŮĺԵҰħ˾֪һСħŮš
ħ״ϵħ̨˶ʮһʤ쳹ħǣԪӤھ缸ѷ֡ħ½ܴʮһʤҲУѾ뻯񾳽硣Ŀǰ˵ԪӤڣλŮӵּߵġ
һССħͽԪӤʿȥ
ҶزŮӵֻ֪Ƕʮһʿֹţԭȵɽ֮ǲҪټϵϵɽ
ħ½ʿʵĹʮҪȶħ˾ͷһЩʮԪӤʿ൱ͷʵʮһʿܸȡʥӦʮ֣ʮʿ
ҶصİĻɱӦû⣬ܵĻܴ򵽶ʮܷ֡սʥʣ治˵ԼֻһĻᡣ
ս㣡
Ůӵ
Ŷʲô
Ҷüͷһ
¼ȻʮʿѾλħָʮԪӤʿ֮Сȱһǿ裬Ҫҵͷ裬ΪЧҲ֪ǶʮһʿΪЧû㡣ȻˣҲ㣬ҵõõʹ͸һݡΣ
ŮȻƺҶسΪ裬һǳ顣
Ҷ΢΢һ㵡
ŵģ˵ǲءǻûмŵģ˵ǰλ֪ȫĺŮӡѪҪǰȥΪЧҲǺԺ£ûǿӲĿ˵
Ҫ̸ɢעҪõΪû覴ãҲߡ
ҶҪھܾͻȻһͻأҾϲ
Ҷزһɫ䡣
ϷӦǲڻڵľβʥֱӳ֡
ԴӲڻ֮к󣬱һֱûκζû뵽ʱͻȻҶʧɫ
У֮ͥ£мʿڡֶᣬôסǣҪǱ¶ˣ϶⵽ʿ׷ܶĹǣ
ҶæȰҪʿץˣǣҵһ鷳Ҷؾ뿴ġ
ǣȶĴûᣬҵʺϵĻжᣡҪߣѰ᣿˵Ҫ㵱ô
ҳ⣬Ȼñ⣬Ҿ취ռˣ
һɣħ½ޱȣǰ޷Ҳʿ
Ҷسˡ
ô˵ҶЭĻֻƾԼҪ˳ĶҲѡħ½Ƕɽ磬ʥΪʥ
УҶɫĪ⣬ƺԥ˺һŻָ
ϰ߶У
Ҷҡҡͷܾ˺Ůӵ
ħڶʱһƬٵԪӤʿΪʣ
ЩʮԪӤʿħǸ̨ʿܱŮ
ЩΪСħŮԪӤͽнʿħ֮ꡣϧʵСħŮϡһȻܾ
㣡֪
ŮӴŭһӣҪ֡
ɺħ̨£ñΪѰ
ʱ̨ԶͻȻһ߾һɻʿеĿֲѹʮ̨ƺԺŮ˼档ħ̨лʿڿӣƻħ̨صĹء
ˣκ˲ȥսⳡսΪֹ
Ůӷ߷ߵҶһۣǹ˼ɻʿŰ֣뿪̨
кŮµвʮֵʿȴų̂СħŮһʮ鷳顣ħǱصʿɲҶһСħŮĴڡΪһҪŭСħŮǾ͸Ըˡ
ҶصһᣬûħԪ
һ˶ʮʤһ߽Ԫۻһǧʮ߽Ԫ۳жʮ֮һ˰ʣµľʮǧ㶼ˡҪҪһɸ߽Ԫ
Цݡ
ôһ
Ҷһ㶣ʵ
ʮ߽׻һ˽ףʮ˽׻һŽףԴơʣµԪǾʮԪʮһʮһԪʮԪ
æ
ʮ򻻳ɾʮԪ߽Ԫˡ
ҶػִĻֱ˵
ҶһԪ̨ͻʸԼ˷ܵİħǡҪ߽ԪڳסÿҲҪ֧߽Ԫ
һħǵسҲûжҶһκΪѣơ
Ҷءʸ˽֮ЩħʧıӰ׷զࡣ
ûһǰЩʱħǣ߽ԪòȻħ̨ضʮ֣
ϧСħŮһ֣ûܼȥսʤʮʿʤһǱǶʮһʿСħŮͬһ㼶ˡҲѹСħŮҪ֡
ʮһ֣ǿǡ׼ʿֻҪǳ顣
ĸ

ʮֶħ̨Ŀɢȥָԭȵƽ򡣶ĶѺעѺעֻһ֣Ȼ̼
Ŷȥһۣŭе
԰һһ첲֮󣬾Ҳû˶һۡպΪܴӰ죬ʩ϶١㲻ǼɫԪӤʿʵҪ½ʮֵĸˮƽ뻯ĿԸңɼ
ɺ뿪ʱ򣬶ֱӣ·ûˡ
ֻļ»ߣǼ¾Ȼ޹˼ɵЦûͷҲ֪Цдŵıġ
ɶ񣡽յ裬һᱨơҺܿ죡ɺôǿ£Ϊ˼ǳⳡޣ˭ܻ񡭡Ҳǵóѵģ޷Ҳ룡
ҧгݵЦ


679 ǿħ
ħ̨ʮԪӤʿħʵΪĵطһҫеԪӤʿмʵķ裬û࿴
ǶҶλոյִħ½ʿ˵֪ʮַжءȻ֪˲̫⣬ǻ񣬶ԪӤڵλжߡ
Ҷغͻʸ˽˳ǣϾħ½һָӴɳǵķ顣
˵ħʵȶɽڳǸ
Ϊħڿסħڵʿࡣ
ħ½ľ󲿷ԪӤʿʿʵסڸڡÿһλӵмΪأԼ¡׷ʿ
ֻش߽ףɹһЩϡȱʣŻħǡ
ħǽǼԶųǴʵãŹϵϢ˵Զʿִ˴ڴ˵ؽħ½ΨһһӴɳǣɳǽ֮󼸺һֱԭеķ
Ｘܼ¥󡢹װҲԶûжɽڳǰ㾫·ӣֿҰۻǣԶڳǿɱȡ
ħǵһ͹ħ˵ܲҲħפأŵĹǻ񼶵ģǶɽȡ
ħеĵͽʿħ½ʿϷĺᣬԶ
ڳһЩĽʿ⣬඼ԪӤϡϾҪڳھסÿնҪһ߽ԪǽʿԳóеġʿ󲿷־סڸڣΪЧ
żҲܼһЩʿڳڣǳ߽ǣݻݡǶԼҪտħڡ
ֻЩԸͶЧԪӤʿû·Żῼʱסħǡ
ħеʿٵĶһЩ׺ɷ
⣬һЩ̻ܲҲħǡûش£ƽʱħڲӣ徻Ҳ඼ɫҴҵԪӤʿ
ҶغͻʸŽֵĽ̸š
һĶʱǣȫҶҲǵһħǡ
ʸֺֺЦ˵˰תҶص˵ز죬ڳס㣿
ţҲáӦ˽˸լ裬Ǳһٺðɡ
Ҷصͷͬ
һͽ׽ʿһ£йȻвٿõͥԺլֻҪһԪס
ǵͽʿ򵼣Ҷûٹ򣬱߽Ԫһļ۸⵽һضƧи߽󷨽ƵͥԺլԼĶȻתĵʯҪҶṩ
ͥԺҶ󷨡˺ֻгӦƣܳ⴦ͥԺ
ʸͰˣ²װɸլ⡣
ҶһҲﲻæԺͻʸкǰд̽ڡ񡱵Ϣ
ֻħǵ徻ĽͷҶ˼
ܷҵԪӤڹѾ
ΪѾԪӤŲ۷壬޷ȥʸҲ϶ɵ;УΪԪӤŲ۷ʿ˶Ѿ۷ľ磬ֻһͻƾ磬ɻ٣뻯ڡ
ħ½ǿһ⣬ԪӤŲΪʵֻԱ
ͻƻ񾳽磬ĵ֮
ҪΪʿ˱츳ֱܹͻƻ⣬ʿҪҩͻơɽ磬ûл񵤵ϣҲûҵ䷽ħ½Ҳ֪ûС
л٣û㹻СͨģǾһ
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ʱҶѾҵһӵ̸¥ǰͣ˽Ųⲽ˽ȥ
ӭٱ̸󣬲֪кҪʲô鱦Ҫ۵ģҶһţһӭڵкҶȻףԪӤŲΪҲ׵
̸󣬿л񵤳ۣǻ񵤵ĵģ
Ҷصĳ
΢΢һ㶣ϸϸĴһҶأػش¿ǳħǣ־ϡ鵤ħǵ̸󶼲ֻһЩ񵤵ĵ󵹻еġֻ
ֻʲô
Ҷ˵л񵤵ʱüͷһһĲܿƵġ顱׷ʵ
̸΢ԥЩΪѵ˵񵤵ĵۼΪϰʮԪûκ۵أһʿ𡣡
ϰʮԪ
ҶȻ׼Ҳ۸һ
ħ̨ʤʮӮõԪҲ;ʮԪͷ
񵤵ĵȷʵҲֵۡ
Ҷû㹻ԪһʱҲⵤ
ڣֻҪл񵤷ܹԪҲֻʱ⡣ҶصԪҲһٶѣ㹻ʵȥȡԪԼ׼ɽ١
¼ҶһԴ˵ʮ⡣ͨԪӤʿһӿҲѻôʮԪм̨ʿ
һȥ취Ԫպ򡣡
Ҷ¸ǣתȥ
ʵⵤļǮȻ󣬵ҲҪġؼģûģеҲûκô
¼Ҷƺ򵤷˼ɽסҶأЦҿ򵤷֮ǰȥҵ˵ɣð׷ƺԴ˵ص֪Ƿ֪һҪϢ
ŶʲôϢ
Ҷһ٣ɫת
еԪӤʿ֪Ҳʲôܡħ½Լÿʮ꣬һģԣڶԪӤʿǰħ½ĸأɱħޡһΪԨޡ߽ħϣƻ񵤵ġҪԪӤʿǰȥԨ޳ûĵطɱħޡ̸ϸĵͼᣬ¼˴ħ޿ܳû֮ءȥĻЯͼ°빦δҵޣҲڵصʧ򡣡
Ц
ͼᣬԪ
ˣֻһ߽Ԫ
ҶȻһԪ̸µȼ۵߽Ԫһݵͼᡣ
պԪĴӹ̨ȡһݵͼᣬݸҶأħޣħ½أһﳤᴩص׵ġħԨû
ħԨ
ҶصһʣЩɻ
ħԨдħޣԨʮħޣһζϡٵࡣζ࣬ƻ񵤵Ҫġÿʮ꣬ԨħɢȥдԪӤʿԨͼȡࡣʵֻҪܻȡ࣬ڵʦ֣Ϊƻ񵤣һĹ㣬һĹʦ䷽
ȻĺôϸĵͼΪʲôҪͼۣɴԼȥ
ǿʮ׵ħޣԨͼҲǿȡġÿʮһԣ󲿷ֵʱǰȥԪӤʿǿֶ顣ʮԪӤʿôһ˵õ࣬ѾǼΪҵˡԨеʿԼ
½ԭԭ˵꣬ЦⳡԴԼǼ֮ҪǸһЩֻܵһˡݵͼУעԨ޳û֮أ¿ԻȥϸϸԸ´п϶а
ҶЩأǱ£̸󣬷ԼͥԺ
ȥͻʸúһ
񵤵ϢıлɡǣûκϲãһѹĴĸоʮ׵ħޣʲôȽףȾβʥʥţʥһǿǣ⼸ʥǿ
ԪӤʿҲȥ⣬ǲ
ҶԼͥԺլ⣬Ȼɫһ䣬ɫ粻ĿԶ
ֻһŮӣվͥԺǰ俴


680 Ϳ
ɺ
ҶؼŮӣüͷһ塣ɨһ۲ԶмӣӦɺĸʿ
Ůӣǰħ̨ϣڳΪĶʮһԪӤʿŮӵʵɼǿҲߡҶض޺øУκξ
ɺôҶȴ֣ɺ׷ȥֱ׾١
Ǳʥ˵ǴŮѾأ֮ǰħ̨ûᣬû뵽ȻԼˣָʥһζĻᣡҶӣ㻹ʲôɾܾң
ҵҶͻأ
ҶԶʱɫһ䣬һ뵽βͼɺᣬеͷʹ
Ȼ򵥣ǿ϶ĺ鷳
µȷûκξܾɡ
ֻڣԻʸͰʼǸСвһֱҲĻ˵Ҫע⡣һϡõһϺõҲðġ
ɺ޹ϸ·죬ǻ޹ء
Ψһ鷳Ƕ⡣
ɺҶزԳϼϵʿͷһλڴţᣬᱻϼһλʿŭڿɳܲ
Ŀǰħ½ţ˵غܶһпصĺ
ڣҲָֻ֮а취Щ鷳ԾβĽֶΣҶƺЩˡΪʥܴƻʥ͵ûҵѿǰʥ׷ɱӦа취ЩС鷳
ôҽȥô
ɺҶؿԭأȻЩ֣Ҳû̫ࡣ
ʧˣ룡
Ҷʶ԰֮󣬵Ķɺʾ⡣
Ҷش򿪸լĻ֣ɺüȴҶլڡ
˷
ʸðһЩҶһ£ҲЩ棬λŮô
ɺȻҶػһʵͬΪԪӤŲ۷壬ͬطӰЩȡ
֪Сǰк⣿
Ҷصʵ
㲻ԸΪҵ裬ҲǿҴ˴Ϊһ£ÿʮħԨ֮Ѿٽ֪кδ㣬ǷѾ˶飿
ɺֱ˵⡣
ħԨ׼أֻҷ޶ˣ顣
Ҷزɫ˵ͷողħ̸õϢɺᵽ£Ҷһ±֪Ŀġ
ǾͺãҴ˴͸̸̸һǰħԨȡԨ޵ࡣֻҪ³ɣһݡ
ɺ
Сħǽύ㣬ΪβҴ˵صʿкܶඥʿԸСǰȥ
Ҷ
ӣȻΪӳӵдջķȨħǵĶʮʿдڱ֧ţʾ˺ڵڶʮֵģЩֻϺȡ
ɺҡҡͷ˵У˹ࡣԨħмΪΣգնһ·׺ħޣһҪħ½ԪӤʿᣬνһʮ׵Ԩ޸ԶԸֻʿǰмȡϣȻ޶飬ҽǰȥ
һɻʮħ޿ֻлʿаܹȡԪӤʿϣãΪβһʿ㣿棬ĳһŶԡԻʿʵǰħԨҲ׵Ķ࣬ƺȫûкӵıҪ
Ҷ΢һȴûֱӻشɺʵ
⣬ʳɻĵط̽ѯɺ˼
Ŷ㲻֪ȫԪӤʿʿǲȥ𣿡
ɺЩȵĿ˿ҶأЩ⣬ЦЦ˵㲻ǳħǣ»Ǹո̤ħ½ĪǴӶɽģҶ·ûʲôȤ
ħԨǸط̾Ųħ޴ʿһ룬ᾪЩǿħԨħ޵ĳģҡֻеͽ׵ԪӤʿħûжвŲǵĹӦԨޣҲħ޴ݻʿͽԪӤʿл῿ϻȡࡣһ
Ԩǳϡ٣ÿʮʿܴԨħϻȡҲݶѡֻǿļԪӤʿʸ࣬õͻƻĻᡣǰʿԲִ¡
ˣħ˳ϻֹʿڼ䣬ħԨ
Ҷ֮ԨԵһСɺû˵ԪӤʿôܶԸһͷʮħ޴
ʸһԾţ̫ʲôԡԨħԨޣδ廰̸꣬ҶȻ͡
ˣ
Ҷڳ˼ͻȻ
䴢ڣ׳ƽȻĿƣ쬡һ´ӴзɳΪһâɺ
ɺһܵΪҶسϮ
ȫ벻Ҷسֵɣֺ޶ߵ¶֣˽ľڣ⧲ĵϵҶôħϮ
ɺæܣһٻСͨȫ
Ҷε̾һ
Ѿ֣޿ˣˣ
Żּ߱Сͨһ˲䣬󣬽ȫ֡ɺı£ִټҲ޷ɽ޵нӳȥ
һͷβӰӻڳڽڵɺӭ˹
һ˲ɺڣĵ
ɺԺвᡱʱѾʧȥ˶Ŀơ
ʸҲͻ״վ
ٿɺʱɺĿͣʧȥɣһתϢסֻǴŲ飬ɺԪƺڼȨ
ҶջѾ󣬳ʸЦһ¡
ʸĬȻ
βʥѾᣬһǱڵвȻһɺ޳Թۼᣬܹ鲻ʲôֵø˵¡
Ҷӣ˿̱ʥڶں֮Уʱ޷ҪжԱʥʲôģ˿̱Ƕֵʱ
ʱĵͻȻЦ
ҶĿһ衣
˵Ļ٣ʵš
˭֪Ѿʼںϣǽɺڸûжںϣ뿴ʲôӦ
ѾʼںϣʱɱɺһɱûпʼںϵĻܴɺڳѡںϡ˿ҪǸк춯Ŀ²λʥ
ܣڡ
ʵϣҶزûгʱɱֵͷ
뵽⣬ҶزЩŭˡ
ĶɺǰҪŲ£ɹ̽᲻飬Ҫ⣬ȥֲ㡣
ɺԣϷź⣬űһϢĳĬ
˲ĹɺϵĺȻһſҲ鶯
ζţβʥĶɹˡɺСԪ񣬸λβʥĶ֡
ҶӣʵڱǸʧˡҲ֮ǰǺģŻ²ߣ̽һӴˣ޾βʥֻʿ
һ˿Ǹ
ǰɶˣ
츳ѾԪӤŲ㣬ܿͻƻ񾳽磬ӵлʵֳɵݣʥҲҲˡ
ǣǰɺˣֻ»¶լ滹мӡ
ǺǣɺԪδҽڡһҪϰݡڣ¶ʲôˣʥɫݻң
ΪϲͻȻʲôҶص
Ŷ˼̫죬һûü˵
ҶƳˡɺһۣЦᣬΪۣöҵʱСĻ̫أҲòȥħԨҡ㣬һȥΪӳջҴáҵõϵ࣬㹻ҺͱãҲŻὫҵ㡣ԣбĻ֮㣬սʤҡ
ʱŵҶءȻķ֣ڶ֮ǰҶѾˡ


681 ħԨ
ĵҶء
ѾףҶûʱ֣㣬ʥвȡࡣ
ƫƫڵҶ޿κΡ
Ȼӵʥǿ飬ֻԪӤŲǿȣ޷ӳȫʵǿʩչͨ⵽ش
ͻƳΪʿ޷вҶءǻʸʵҲ׶ԸġûжǿӲıǮ
ðɣʥȷȥħԨܵõԨ޵࣬ҵһݣ
ʮǵķ˶Կѡ˺
ܵõ˵ɣԨ޾ǶǿʵǼӹƵȵĽˣȥһ°ɡ
Ҷ뵽ʮħЩƣլĶһü˵
˵ͷլԺǼȵĽ̡
С㣬ղŷʲôˣ
Ӽɺڳ¶ϲɫæʵǲǰլڳǿҵķûɺҲӲȥ
ûʲôħ̨ûܴɣղҶдȶ˼¶ѡȻȥ׼ǰħԨ֮ﻹЩҪҪҶҪϼ졣
Щ
⡭Ը¼ʱС㣬ǲ
ôҵĻã
ǣ
ǼʿһۣΥæ뿪ɺϲŭ޳ŭû³
ȥʱ
Ҷظʸϸ˵Ԩ֮¡ƻ࣬ħԨһͷʮħ޴ϣΪϡСÿʮ꣬ħ½һδ͵ԣڶԪӤʿǰȥħԨȡϡеࡣ
ʸԭί
Ҷؾܾ黹ҵҪЭȡࡣΪӳӵдջķȨ
Ȩʮǹؼɺ֮ҪҶسΪ裬ҪΪӳܵĵõࡣҲһѵ
ʮΣգֻҶغͻʸȥʵֻ̫൱ԪӤʿȥ˿ҲΪڻҡ
Ҷؾʱħͻʸ
Ȼʮֲ⣬ҲֻħǴš

һ֮
ħ½ʮɫâʼٷ·ççɽӣޱ޼ʵĸԭɽ֡ƽԭԼϢƬħȺ
һȺʿΪ׵ģǡɺҶءʸλԪӤŲ۷ʿ
˺ģɺĶʮԪӤкӣԼʿݺʮ¡
УҶرȥģɺǰѾӦ˴ʿһȥ;ԣɡټɺݵԱҲҪǰȥʹ֧ԶΪӴ
ʵ˵ɺǶʮһʿҶ˶ʮ֣һȺʿ֮ʵǿͷߡ
ʸȻûħ̨ʵʵȶԴһЩı˫ѾСͨķһоͨϵƿҶҲΪ
ʮʿʵٴΡʣµӣʮԪӤʿһЩԪӤʿ
һȺԪӤʿһ·ħ½صħԨ
;ϣԪӤʿҲԽԽࡣ
дħǸԪӤʿ
ΪӴģȴǴħ½ضʿһӴʿħ½ĸءʮƵԪӤڡڡʿħ½صһѷ촦
ֹʮգҶءʸɺһзѷ촦ѷ±ߡ
ѷԵѾۼԪӤʿʱӪءƤ񣬻ʯסլȻˣԪӤʿֱ˸طϯ¶ޡ
ѷڣʱŨŨʿħԪӤʿڻȥ
ڵȴϫĵ
ÿʮңһδĳϫѷŨŨһζݵʱʱԪӤʿȥѷԵʱ
ԪӤʿڶ࣬ʵϣȡģֻһСԪӤ۷ʿҲǶʮԪӤʿнϴĻᡣ
ĶʿħǴԼʮˡħ½ᳬʮˡ
ЩԪӤڡʿֵģҪôģҪôԼԾ飬ԱΪպ׼
Ҷؿǰѷ죬ɸе𺳣̾Ϊֹ
һխʮʮĴѷ죬ӵ˺ѿ¶³ɫʯѷһֱ죬һֱͷ˵ѷﳤ½˺ѿ
ѷ棬ħԨһס
˵زΣҶϵܳħԨ֪ħԨħ½׵֮һصԶȵرΪաħ½ĵرԼǧſһͷʮħСħԨڣʮܻһͷħСȵرٸʮԨʮħ޴ҲֻħԨڲҵħԨڵߣ޹̶أҪҵסÿʮһԣħԨʿǧֲ֮й˽򡣡
ݷȶҶЦ̸
һ·ʵͦɺλħǺķϵĴС˵ϧɺһ·ϲ֪ģɫĪùͷֻ˵
һʼƼʸ۾ȣ֪Ҷص֮иǶҶؼʷ񡣲ֺɺȻڻʸǰŪɺǰϷҲûС
һ·ϣҲֻҶ˵ЩлⷦơȻҶλʿǰԾӣϾм̨ݵλʿһԪӤʿɱȡ
һҶصҲ֪ħԨٵ
Ŷʮϵħǿʿ࣬ЩԪӤʿֻϿ±ˣֿͷԨޣ
Ҷز̲ʵ
ȻΣͷħСǴδۼԨͷħ޴ϵ赣ģԨԪӤʿǳ࣬ħɱ¾Ҳͽʿ汳ֻҪСĵ㣬˶ĵطӿЩѵħ׷ɱһ˲ɣÿģЩĵͽʿҵĶʿֻҪԼǺġ
ҡҡͷԨûж̸ЩԲѵĵҾ࣬Ԩ֮Ҷϵұǣ԰ȫҲԨޣҲᶪ
Ҷӭվϣ·ԨɫƽÿɷȴƲƲ졣
ɺλʮһʿʮֵҲһڻҶѣõġҵԨޣʿΪɱûʲô¡


682 ʿٲ
ڽʮУѷ´½μԵԪӤʿԽԽ֮࣬±Ӫĵȴϫĵ
ڶɽ磬ԪӤʿѾǰһɳǣټȺԪӤʿۼֻսſһξۼϵԪӤʿ
ħ½ʿ죬˵ؾۼ˶ʮԪӤʿʲô³֮⣬Ҳ˼ˡ
ʹԨҲỹвʿ
ѷﳤ洦ԽµµħԨѷȣʮԪӤʿԵСⰲӪկ
ʮʿפڴѷԴͷ㡣ΪԨ޻Χ̫㣬֪ڳÿһǴԴͷʼƽ޷ҵԨޡ
ȻûάԵ򣬵ʿעѷϣҲûʲôʿڹ£˷Լʵ
ԨϫݾƲԼҲ⼸ұ֡
ҶءʸһʮԪӤʿ±߽ʮƤһʱӪأĵĵȴ
פӪ֮Щ飬ɺ׼ãҶص˷ġ
һҹԲ¸
ҶغͻʸƤд
ҶغȻһо𶯺
ܿ죬һƬУ
ֻԲĻʸۣ¶ǳǳЦص׳ϫʼˣ
ˣ
Ҷ¶ϲ֮ɫͻʸһͬ´ǰĴѷпȥ
ڴ֮ǰҶزǺνĳϫǴӺζδѷ
˿̣ǰۣʵʵڵˡ
ֻ׵¹ӳ£ŨĴѷУһ󼱴˳ӿĻʯصħ޵˻ͬһഫҡ
Сʱߵ¶ھҲϲʱɼʮɾʯ䣬׵Ԩ֮Уû
ѷصҲ֪Ĵһζĺ硣Ƭ̼䣬ɺХӵҷ籩ǧɸ߿յķŨҵϯȥ
ԪӤʿǿҵķҲվȵĸо
Ԩ֮µĵص磬ƵƣҲ֪ҪһƬغӿĳϫܹҵķﳤĴѷ죬ֻǼΪ֪ԨײĵغǷͨħ½˵ĺ򣿣
Ҷص״ĺ̾
ʸидĵ˵ͷ
ԪӤʿبɽǰҲоС
Ũҵ𽥱ϯһգѷĺ䡣ޱ޾ĵصԨһͷ֮ڣޱȣļ¡
ѷ࣬ʮƹԪӤʿѾ˷˸Ÿɫ߲ҫĿâϰ﷽ԲĴƬطǼĵȴһ̵ĵ
ߣֵɱȥ
֪λԸ³çԪӤʿͲסһͷȥ
ϣ죡Ҫӣ
һͶԨУת˲֮䣬ԦԪӤʿӰΪһƬ׳Ե⣬ȿֺĳԨУһƬԨγѤöĿĹâٲ
׳ۣһǵһο˶ԪӤʿһжء
ʸԵ̾
ûвμӶսҶɽҲûħ½˶ԪӤʿħ½ԪͽʿٶԶɽ磬һΪԪӤʿԪӤʿӴ
ҶغͻʸᡱһٶΪԪӤʿģħ½ȱȽǣϡ档
ɺԪӤŲ۷ʿҲһ꣬䶼ûУڶɽϡ棬ħ½ħ½ĺĵϵ඼ڻ֮󣬲ſǻµ⡣
ΨһźǣԪӤʿͻƻ׶αסˣÿʮֻжԪӤʿлõԨ޵࣬Ҫͻƻ񾳽粢סһͻ˻ڵƿȥΪ˳
Ҳڶô
ʸҶص
ڴʱһһԣʸ⣬ЦĿҶء
Եһ£
Ҷؿһ׵ԨԨ棬Ӧþۼ˴ԨħޡЩеԪӤʿؿ˾ۼħޣȥԽʡٵĹԨֻ²һʱᣬҵʱȥᱻԨħ޲Ѳ˷ʱ䡣ǰɺʳħԨĶ
ҿɺŵ˲Ԫ񣬲ű֪Ķ˵ԨΣжμԨޣδʿԵҳ˵⣬Թ˺ܶؼϸڣ᲻ҡϸʣҪٵʱ䡣ϧݴδԨޡֻҪ񼡢˵Ļһ£ԷĻм١
ЦٻĿҶء
Ŷ
Ҷزÿɷĵ˵ͷ
һʮԪӤʿУֻɺԼԨޣ֪ͷʵҲһ㣬ɺᣬɺ϶Դɺеõȫš
Ҷӣڳ𣿡
ˣٵƬ̡
Ҷһ˵
ʵҲõ̫ãȻ
ֻĿǡ
ѷԵӪУж֮һϵʿŲȡжڵǰʿԨڵһħޣȻŻȥռݺơ
ȻˣЩнԨԪӤʿҲ޴³ç
ԪӤʿǳԨ޵ġ
ϾںܴһֵԪӤ͡ʿ˵ȡԨĻ̫ã࣬ܵõʿ˴󱬷ʿ
ȣϤһԨڵĻΪԺ۾顣ΣһжɱһЩԨڵħޣõԪ󣬲ǿûԨޡֻʵԪӤŲʿлӷʤ
ٴħ½ʷᵽģų϶Ƕʮ϶ԪӤʿֻвһǱʮԪӤʿ֡
ǰȥ֪ͨºһ׼
ΪϵĶӳĻҶء
Ҷ
ȥټ¡
һҶءʸΪԺģԼλΪҲǺ֮һʿԼһԪӤʿΪ¸࣬һС壬·еԨɶȥ
Ҷ̤ϵСͨɽԨ·塣
ǰһƬǵҫĿâѾԨԪӤʿķâǺХķ͸죬ҵ绹ڲϵĳʿķ֡
ԼҲ˹âٲеĲ۵ʮâ
ʿŷһѾ󷽵£ֻһʿ⣬ϻԨ׹ȥ
ûã·ƮѪζŨڶʿħ޵˻Ҳԡ
һԵķɽ׷׼˳ʱ׼ս
Ҷֱӽ˱ɽ˳ѰԨ࣬ɱԲпᣬǳΪǰ˽ңҲһʵ
ԨڵħޣԶȵرܼϱвħ޵ĳѨ


683 
Ҷǰ棬Ұ뿿˲Ŀ⿴

ҶͻȻһͷħޣҰǰɴӦ죬һӣɽĿĹâȥֱӽͷħмնء
Ҷſͷħ޵ģ
һͷ𵤺ڵħӥӥʵͬС죬ֻͶĿ쳣׺ѪҺԱͬ׵ҪࡣʵҶصǰһһöԪֱҶصС
Щ۾ϷħޣʵȽвǽ𵤼ħޡ˵һԨڣܶ඼ԪӤϵħޡȻҲн𵤼ħޣǳǧĳ֣ѶԸ
ԨϾ۾ӵĴȺħݣѾ֮ǰĴԪӤʿɱȥ٣ֻʣһЩаܵɢħݶѡ
Ҷءʸ˴֧ʮʿ飬赲Ԩײȥ׷ǰʿùħǣûѾɥ
;ϣһЩԪӤͽʿȺԨħɱȻûȥѰԨ޵Ĵ㣬ֻõһЩԪ
Ҷ֧飬ֱӴЩʿļ϶ɱĴƮɢħʬѪϢԨ

ҶصһʿԨͬʱ
һ֧ʮ˵ʿ飬ҲųԨ׷ں档ֻǴ˿̽ԨԪӤʿ̫࣬Ϣңִ̽Ŀڶ࣬Ҷزδ
һԪӤʿԶԶĸҶضĺ󷽡
еһԪӤʿһɨһͷħޣŤͷһϱʿ֣һʮһʿһʮʿʮʿǵȺǶûκʤ㡣
ôˣ
ϱʿĿʿһۣ˵
˶ϱʿħ̨ϣҶնһ۵ϽӲء
һԪӤʿǲܴµԪӤʿ
صʵ㲻ߣħ̨һۣʵǴ˲ϵ棬ڲܴҲʧȥ˳裬ֵܼңӲϼг
ħ̨Ըܴ˿ûƻأ˽°˼
ؿܴһᣬħԨȡ࣬ȡĻᡣܴٻеϽڷϣŵһԪӤʿԨޡ
ľݣֻħû취ޣħԨѳˡһֱӼҶһʿĶɺһȺʿжסԼһʿħһ·ͼ
ʿлѾãټ϶ϱ֮Ը࣬еʿҲ˼ֻӲͷƤӦ
ʵϣҪǰҶص˵Ķ鲢ס
Ȳ̫ˣⱻҶطֲ̫֡Զˣ˸Ҷصٶȼ죬ԨڲѪϢּǿң˲Ԩħޣ谭Ǹ١
һҲʿѿɫǰڰֻʣµҶض飬еķ޺޺ŭ޷ƵŤ
ʵǿô֪жٶԪӤʿ׵ĺħԨ
ɺŮˣӵĵķѾֺ۶ңǶʮһʿĺܣҲͰˣӳ˻ʿʰǸСʮֶѣȻҲҸɫҶģҪңйͷ֮ޣ
ҵԨޣЩʿ϶Ǹں棬һǡ˵һ࣬ͻƻ񣡡
֡
һԪӤʿȴǳĬгġǲˣôã绯ˣõȵڣ

ŶƽԨļ
ħԨĵײһƬΪĵص磬ϷΪʯ·ΪȵĺˮƬģдɫâˮݡɺˮ飬ζֺ㣬Ƭâ˸Ѥҫۡ
ҶطĿȥԨȻȽϰɿԿﷶΧڵԶĻԿˣǸطվʿ貵Ĺâ
ʶҲԲ̽Զ
ԨڣʿԦķҫ۶Ŀġ
ͬģħҲΪǿҪôʵɱҪôȺӡԪӤħޣʮһȺɼ
ʿƽٶȣҲ
ȻˣǿԪӤħޣԪӤħȺҲ޷ЩѵءʮԪӤʿȺȡʿ֮ħȺС̼ʬѪء
ԪӤʿȻҲżǱԨڵħޣҪ̫̫ࡣҲʮѣҶǳ̫죬ħȺڣûܵõʿļʱ֧Ԯ⵽ħȺΧ
ħ޷ӴԪӤʿֻͣʮϵħ̫ǿܹԪӤʿȺвȺ
ʱ֮ҶػܣǰΧܼԪӤʿ㣬ֻʣ˲һңΪʵԪӤڡ󲿷ʿں׷ϣ߾͵ɱħޡ
ЩʿӦǳɱǰһˣռȫʿʮ֮һǳȥġҿ̫ǰһʿбǣǰʿȥɱ;ħޡҵԨޣȫ֡
Ŀ¶
ϰߣһĿĵĻ֡β棬Ȼʡȫİ취
Ŷ
Ҷصͷͬ뷨šżһ֣նɱħޡ
뷨ȻãδԸ
Щǰʿ飬ҲԸԼѵĴ֣ʿϰǸɴ಻ɱħޣֱƾٶȣٳȥƵС
ħʿ󷽵ʿһЩ鷳
ԣҶһʿڴȺʿм䣬Ҳǻ᲻ʱħޡ
Ҷضֱɣ䵥ħֱӿնˣʮͷɻԪӤħ޲Ƶܿľ
Ҷ˵ʮɵ顣
ڶڵʮԪӤʿ˵Щ鷳ԪӤʿжʮϵսֱܹնɱһͷͨԪӤħޡ
ɺݵʿ޷ɶԸԪӤħޣʱһЩС鷳Ӻȡ
˲֪ãͻȻǰʮﴦһɾҵ궯áҵĺС
ˣˣ̫ˣ
쵰ǰ濪·ô£ΣվȻҲЩʿʾвԪӤʿźˡ
ͣ£
Ҷɫʱ䣬ֺֹסڼɵʿֻǰ滹һξ룬޷̽ǰʲô״
ѵħ
ħʲôţֻǣħ޴ħС
ݵʿǼ¶֮ɫ𿴴ȺԪӤʿɨħԨ޼ɵɱħޣ漸޿赲һħܵıѩ졣Сϰʿǿħ޴ǧԪӤʿ׾ٵ顣
һʿΨһֵܱνģҲˡʵǿʥһħҲԸðաħǶ֡


684 ΧԺʢ
ǰһͷħ
ʲôħޣ
ƺʮ׵ħСǱһʯѨͻȻ˳һâɱʮԪӤʿâ̫ˣ⵽Ϯ֧ʿ飬ӶӲȫӸ𡣡
ϵħɲ
ԪӤʿڷҺ˵ͬʱҲڽµ鱨
Ҷǰڶʿҵ֪ǰ׼ȷһͷħСҲʮ׵ʵԶԶԪӤʿҪǿܶࡣ
ܲܣ
һѡǲ˵أƵǰС
Ҷش뿪ʱͻȻһֵ󣬴ԪӤʿͬʱȴһЩԪӤʿ˷ƶϣȻŻ֮ȥ
˵ǧԪӤʿͣǰͷСĵطϵĴҵĺ
ЩԪӤʿȻȥɱͷħС
ҶظеЩ𾪡
һɻ󣬱׹
ڶɽ磬һʿһʥܴɽԪӤʿ޻֮Ϊ⵽ȺԪӤʿΧһУܣͷһơȺԪӤʿٶ׷ϣûʿʥ޿κΡԪӤʿҪɱʥǸЦ
ħͬħѾħɥʧ˾󲿷ǣһɱǷսףܡ
ʮħ޵ȻʮǿһٵԪӤʿֱɱ
ǣ˭㵥
ԨԣĿǶʮƵԪӤʿ϶˻ҧޣοѵصʿһͷħСͬʱ⵽ǧʵ൱ǿԪӤʿΧħСܵĻδħСʤпܣһȺӴԪӤʿһͷħСĥȻˣΪ˸Ĵ൱ĲʹԪӤʿҲ
ңɱħСܹõͨĲϣƳͨķԶɻʮԪӤʿջ
ôôԪӤʿǰȥƴɱ
Ҷسһ¡
ʸһҶص飬̲²⵽Ҷص˼
ȥǰ濴ҵĻȥʿһɱħСûлᣬǱƵ뿪˵ء
ʸ˫˵
ţ
Ҷһ£˵ͷ
֪ǰΣա
˵սı˫󡣵˵̾Ųܹ׾ٵʩչϵСͨڼġƿ˲߰ɣҲǴԼ࣬ǿˡ
һͷСâٶǼ켫죬ԪӤʿŸոӱܣѾˡǣ׻ǱȲƿֱ˲Ƹ죬ⷽ˲ơ
ԪӤڵʵսѾ൱ǿȫԸǺĸߡ
ʸǰȥ
ҪɱħС֮ǰ˵ˣѰԨ޺Ϊ;ֶʣ
ݱҶغͻʸľٶһָҶؼ
ѣʲôĪˣ
ɺƳһۡ
⡭ôˡ
ɫ΢䣬ǿЦֻҪǶλȥֺη
ҶءɺݵȵԪӤʿʱͣԭأȴ̽ǰľ
һ򣬻ʸǰҶ˵һ¡
ǰʵԤеģЩͷħС֪Ǹħ̻ôģѾܹˣۼ˺ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ǰĴȺʿСĻҡ֮ѾعͷħСĹԤеľȻҪܶ࣬㿪ʼΧ
ǧԪӤСʿڸͷħСս
ô˵һͷʵħСѹˣϵǰϵ֮йǿһϵһͷʮħСķͻϮֻɱʮԪӤʿҲֻˣܽԭ򡭡ɱлġ
ҶĿһжʱ
һϵħޣƤмǿĿԣƳɵֿ׵Ĵͨ߷Կڵ׽٣ٺҲˡ
ʸɿ
šߣȥƣ
Ҷص˵
ɺȻͬ⣬ڵԪӤھŲ㣬ҲҪͻƻ񣬶ɻ١
һΪʮâԨǰȥ
ԽԽɫâüΪǿҡ
һ峤ǧɵľɫ⻬ޱȣд˺ۣȾ˶ͭ㷺ɫ鷴Ŀ⻺ͣ˸ڵâĽš
ɱݺݵɱ
ߵĵѣע⣬ȫұߣ
һʿҪۿ̫һ⵽׻ȫ군ɢ
ͷΧ˷ɢɢ鲼ŽǧԪӤʿ˷ܵĴź
ǧԪӤʿԼϰٸСɵģ໥֮䲢κιûͷָ֮ˣЩ¡ԪӤʿɱս඼ḻ֪ʲôʲôɱһ£ûͻΧͷħСȻΪĬ
䡢䡢䣡
ͬʱٵϵϵϵ߽׷СͨǧƵķɽ޴ͷ˺Ͽը
ҪԪӤʿǶһνǾͨޱȡжǳҪ֮ȥֻǴƤϣû¶˺
ڡ
ħСѾ׵ļŭβϵıһִâ磬ΧԪӤʿ
â֮һƬ׻ĵâ
Ľʿֱӱâ˺Ѵ򱬡ԶЩʿҲоԣԶ
̶̵һѾٵ޴âʿģͷľͷħǿķųâȻҲߡ
β֮ԪӤʿɥ׷Ӵܡ
ԪӤʿ̫࣬ǧ֮Уͷر۲ը֮£ȴͨй֮޲ˣâƴĺҳΧͷţδκԪӤʿܹʿȫϹ
ǰǰɥĵâ֮µģԼʮλԪӤкʿҽһΧ⵽ͻϮġ
ǣ˿Ӱʿķɱ
ɱͷħСԵõһöޱȵʮԪԵõһ߿ԵħƤӴҲ㹻ˡϵǣѪ⾫ƲѪǿĵҩֱǱ
ҶغͻʸһʿҲսţռһλɽħСҪ˿кʿԵ쳣˷ܺͼ
ڶԪӤʿΧɱһͷħС漣ҲֻħԨܿĵ
̶̵һʱΧ֮£ʮشѾɼǣǾƣʮּѵĲͷųһâ
䣡
ǧɵħСԨϣĿ
˵ҲùʱϴȺԪӤʿɨħԨ
һͷʮ׵ľ£ΧĽٸ飬ǧԪӤʿϲ׷ȥеķиƤƤӲţԪ޷ֺСͨϵȫҲܿѡҪĴƤ¡ǧɵԪǣҪʱѾ
һϷͷħСʢ磬֮á
ҶءʸˣһʱʮʮɴСʮƤ뿪˵أûеʱ䣬ŴȺʿħԨڶȥ


685 
Ҷһ⻬ħƤо̺ǿϵϢϲ¶΢΢ϲɫ
ʮϵϣǳ˱Ӻڤ֮⣬õĵͨԭϣƳһ߳պڴмİ
ֲ̫ˣԨħʵȻʿҪǿࡣһСıˣҪǻָһҿ±ɱˣһԪӤʿ˵
ɱħС϶ҪðաܵõһʮƤһսֵˡħƤƳʮ׵ķ߷ܹɵֵСͨϵԺרϵԪӤʿһ
Ҷءɺʸ˵ʿɣ˷ܵŸղŵһս

ħԨǧ֮һɽϡɽۣ֮籩ŰʯϷ˺ţųľһۼ
վڴ˷壬ԶħԨѷڻĴ᫵ţһͷ±ߵԪӤʿҲԼܿ
ʮʿ˿ɽϣϵĴͨҫĿ貵Ĺâ˵Ե΢
Ȼħ½ĵطʿҲÿһλǳưһʿȺʿ˿ȴۼɽϣħ½
ʮһεħԨԣ֪һΣᵮλʿ
һīӣĿ⵭ԶħԨʮ΢Ĺâ½½ķԨ֮С
ħԨڣֻһͷʮ׵ĳԨޣÿʮܵࡣ⻹мͷʮסʮĽԨδɳĿǰ޷ǵڵõࡣʮǰǴԣ˵õ࣬һҵԨ޵ĻͬʮǰķӦһεõ˫λʿħ½ʵһ֣ǧ⼸ͷԨ޳ɳΪʮ֮ڿʼࡣǸʱħ½ܹɳĻʿǼǧˡ
ԱվڵһλѸˣƺīӵķˣЦ
֣ÿһħԨԣʿǧ֮ڣħУԼ˵Скܶ඼Ǵ徫ĺĵӣǰװˣϧҵԳ֣ȥȡ࣬ҲЩ֪ΪΣ
һλϧī˵
һȺʿ֮УīʵǿλҲߡ
ߣ˵ɡݣڼԪӤӳǧ򡣵õ֮󣬸˭ãĸãЩʿҪȴֻԼƾʵȥƽ
վڻߺһ͸žĴ󺺳˵
ˣԨǹʿĹأħ˳ϻҲı䲻ˡ
īһִֹ֣ʵкζ
ǰѪϹַһȺʥڶɽ磬ƺɱĳҪ֮ѪƵҲᡣǾţӦһΪҪʥ򲻻ʥţʥʥЩ߽ǵĲƻʥģػƻʥļ岿֮һѪϹȥһ˶Žڲ̽ץһѲӵޣ̽Ѿңʥ׷飬ӦǶһΪҪʥ
˵
ʥﲻ٣ƾԲ²Ǻڻû綪ʥ
īɻ
δ̽Ѿдӵʥ뿪磬ڶɽΧѰ뿪ħ½ħˣҪӭе׼
ҡͷ
ʲôʥЩʥ˽ţȻ˹ʿʥԼ
ô˵Ҫ翪սˣ
ڻʿ˴¶ɫвɫѿ
ʿʥµԼÿǧһΡھһεԼޣѾʮŵڡһĻʥ磬ħ½ԼڱǰƻԼ
īӳĬһ£̾
֮սʿճʥڶԳ𣬲ŵħ½ͱ½ƴ岿䱻ʥħͱĻʿǺսܹ֮ռϷ磬̶ܴΪʿĴڡֻйʿʵܱʥǩԼ޷ǹʿѾ뿪˽磬ʥҲԽԽЩʿˡҵҲʥ޿κΡҪʤ㲻
ħ½һλʿֻܳʥĻܱʥǩԼȡһǧʱ䡣ֻҪٹǧ꣬ԨޱͷϣʿҲܴࡣǸʱȻûйʿҲܿˡ
Ѹ˵
˵һͻƻ񣬱һʿΪʿ̳˹˵ĵͳ֮һǧˣʵӦõ۷塣
ĿһҡҡͷҲûдĳޱȣҲ֪ûУ
ҵ˵ǰЩһλʿԣһ߱նɱħǣжµϢݴƶϣţֻٲ
īӵ
Ŷʲôħ
ʲô֣
ڻʿɶϢ
ɱһͷʮħ޴նΪ룡
īҡͷ
ڻʿһ
һʿһǺսʤһͷͬλޣΪĿʿǿ౶޿ħΪħޣսԭȸΪǿǿšʿͨҶһȥԸͬλħ
ʮħ޴֮ǿնΪ룬ʵֱš
ɱħ޴ԸʥӦаա
ǹʿ飬ԽӴ붯֣
ڻʿ۷׷ס

ʮ֮ħԨ
ѾԨܵġ
Ҷһʿոմһħڣֻ̼ٴΧʮʿϡϡķֲǰʮﷶΧʿѾ࣬ʶ̽鷶ΧڣǿħϢ΢΢˿
ħԨ򼫹㣬ħмȶĻΧ
Щħϰʥû̫кǿʶϾħޣҪӴĵԴ֧šͷħ̣򲻻ͬʱһƬ
ʮˣԨ޵ӰӶԨڲٵطѾʼۼʣµʱ䲻ˣԨٹ±ᱻ֡λᣬҪٵʮꡣ
Щա
ݵһȺԪӤʿΪǱղŴһͷ˯ħĵ̾㾪ħһиŵü˰ɱħ飬ɲɱܸɵġʿϡ٣ħĺԳеġ
Ҷû˵ʲôɫأеһݵͼ鿴
ħԨĵص׵μΪӣĵغͺ޾ĺڰգҵɹյľ巽΢Сģʧ·


686 Ԩ
һʿΪ˱ܿħһ·ɣѾ޷ֱδ
еͼħԨͼᣬѾѾ󲿷ҪĵΣԼħ޻ʶ˳
һǲħջĵ̡
ʸ̧ͷͱڸߴɹļͷħգ˵˴ͼһԨ޳ûĵطԶ
ţǼ̶ȥ̽һµͼԨ޳ûĵطһҪע;ħ޵춯Էħ˷Ѵʱ䡣
Ҷ΢΢ͷʸ˵
еԪӤʿȻ飬гһ֮⣬ҪǻɺȫټЩԪ̽Ԩľ顣ЩͨԪӤʿ˵ܲҵԨޣȡ࣬СʹҵˣҲǵķݡ
ļҶص˱оգϵķкѰжȹġ
Ϊ˱ⷨģʿֳַ֣Χħ޵Ϯ
ҶصԪӤʿ鲻ʮ֧˶ǳģ˴˼䰵ļң˵кᣬԷ⵽İ㡣
ʱƣҶһ･Щ
ħԨĵ̫㷺ˣǾȫٷУ̽ĵҲ١ΨһֵðοǣԨ޵ĳûصԹ̶ֻҪЩصȥĻ൱
ԨڵɢȥԨ½ռգֻж̶һʱ䡣ԪӤʿȵʱԨʧۣ֮˵Ԩ޵ģˡ
գҲֻ̡ԨڵԽԽֵ࣬ܵϮ
Ҷؿ˿ͼü
֮ǰΪȡսʮԪӤʿԨ޶
ڿʹʵǿܲԨҵԨ޻Ǹ⡣
֣һƬ򶼲ͽħӰƺֽһͷħʳΧˡǣ̽ħʲôط
ͻȻü˵
Уǿʶ̽鷶ΧҲ㡣Ԩʶ⵽ǿҵѹƣԪӤʿҲֻܲ̽ﷶΧɵķΧʮĶ
ħʵʮǿʮ׵ħޡЩ߽ħ޵ȻΪϡ٣ֻħĻΧڣŻ᳹ʧ
ƺ𶯣
Ҷظ˵ʲôȴɫһ䣬Ȼоڼ΢𶯡
ǵصףʯѷ켫࣬һʲôϡģ
Ϊм˵аЦҶһһէģ̫Сˡ
Ҷü
Ǻܿ죬ֲˡ
ղŵȷʵһ£ħڻӦòǴ⡣ǰзпɣ˵֡ҵʶ϶ܷħ
ȷһ
ɻУСħԨзš
ǣ涸Ȼһ£¡¡ǧ
£ʹԼЩӵԪӤʿɫ䡣
ô£ѵѷ
᲻ǵص׻ɽ緢ɽ緢ϽӵĻȫҪ֮ء

ԣͷԨޣǵ£
־ϲȴһŭҶظоһ£пܴܷԨ޵Ļᡣ
£ʲô˼ڵص
ݾС
ʿۼԨޣͷ޷ǳǳӴ󣬴޷ȫ㳬ﳤʮﳤںڰħԨƮ˯˯˱ԵͽħޣԱ˯ԪӤʿʵֻǼһ֡ʿһϲͷϷɹҲ֪
˵
˵·Ŀӿݵĵ棬Ԩ޵ıǽ¾ͷʮ׵ħ޴
Ҷָָ档
ʿͷ𾪷飬һɸ˼Ϊǿֲȴ޲ʵĹϢޱӴ
ҿԲ̽ʮﷶΧһֱҲͷħʵ棬ղں𶯣
˵
ڵԪӤʿʶ㣬𺳵ˡ
ѹֻúܹ죬ѹ֡
ѰʮһħޣɴСħҲһǧɶѡ
ͷԨޣʿʶ̽飬̽鲻
ĹƣͷԨ޵³١ǧﳤ൱һ죬˵𺳿֪
Ȼ֪Ԩ޺ܴ󣬵վıϣʱ䣬ݵԪӤʿǾĿࡣ
ԪӤʿܹԨȡ࣬ȻǺԨӲӲŭʮħޣ֮ܰһȺ˲ɱ˻ڲ
Ҷغͻʸ˵ɫҲ̫ÿʹʮʿڴˣͷԨޣҲֻķݣοһСȺԪӤʿˡ
ͷԨʮסΪӴսȼʮͷʮ׵ħ¶Ϊǿ󡣡
Ͼǿʥ
ݵԪӤʿʧģ󣬶ü΢΢һ壬˵ػţԨӴҲΪֲ󲿷ʱ䶼ڳ˯֮УֻҪûܹвĻʿħ޴֣һ㲻ᱻѡЩԪӤʿվвƤ˲ˣ⡣
˵꣬ͻȻٿһϵСͨȻȥ
һ⣬Ļڵ棬ֻһСͨɽȻֻһӡۡ桱ļӲ̶ȣѾССԪӤʿܹ˼ˡ
ʿ㶼ɵˡ
ɺ󵨣ʮħ޴˵ʹ
˯ˣҪȻŭ֮һſڱܽǸˣ
˿һ¶һݵӣȴɲ¡
ѾҵԨޣҵڵࣿ
Ҷؿ
ӣҪѹˣ
ȴܶ
˵꣬ʿȻֿ֣ʼ𶯡
ľ֪ԨҪʲôʱʮĵ棬ͻȻѿһǧɵĴѷ죬Ԩںˮ
Ҷص˻ûӦһʪȳӴǼվȣǰɡ
ĿڣڣǴԨڣѰࡣ
ȷӦѿĵȥѾ塣ڽɺԪ֪ࡣ
ҶĬĿһâ
ߣӦҵࡣ
Ҷһʸߣһסʸ֣󣬽ȥ
ʮԨħ޵ڣһΪΣյ顣ʱĴݹůȴҶһƬмΪðգҪôҪôΪʿǺͻʸͬУ۽ζη塣
ڴͬʱΧʮ֧ʿ飬𶯣Ҳ׷ױɫ
Ԩޣ죬ˣҲˣǣɱۣ
ϣȥ
вʿӦٳڷ


687 ͷ
һǿҶغͻʸΪ⣬ѷ죬ݵʮԪӤʿҲڿҵҵĸȥ
һȺʿڼԶʿҲ˹ʱ򣬼ԼͬڣһЩĴͽƷ
ЩֶκѶʵʿ𵽶ɱ˵ã谭һ¸ϹһʿҲǺõġ
ֻҪǰһʿ黺һͺĶϣɱĲɿΪǵõ࣬ȡٵʱ䡣
Ԩ֮ЩԪӤʿ֮Ѿǻ棬ǽһ
Ԩ޵࣬Ϊʿıر֮ĵرϡУһͷԨ޴Ҳݶѣ˶ԪӤʿ䡣

Ҷ˵½ĺûлͷ࿴
ѾͷԨڣԪӤʿ֮Ĵ򶷣δͷӴޱȵʮħ޴
ҶɨһܵЩ⡣
޸еΣȫ֮ǰ
Ŀǰλãһ޴տɽɽıڣǺļʯм仹׹⣬Ѫ⡣
Ҫɽȳĳн뵽ĿǰħԨһͷ޵ڡ
ͷԨޣȻܶطʯˣ
ʸһҲɾ֪̾ʲôطȥѰң
Ĵң
ҶغͻʸڶڼɣȻǰͣ
ʶһ̽ǰɽʮֱ֪ͨδ
ϢǳŨֻҪҵϢܷ
ֻһͣ٣˵һ䣬Ȼߵһȥ
ʶǳ
Ĵ·֮£ҶءʸݵһʮԪӤʿһ·ʮһɽһ˱Ƕ
ʱǵѲʿˡǸˣ߻ƴ
ȵִһ뵽ɽڡ
Ҷؼͬʱ˽ȥ
ʸ
һ붴ڣҶؼ糲ĶѨڣϷʮʯһһεĵɫӨҺ壬·İУһһ꽥ɫĸҺ
࣬ɢһ㵭Ŀ֮Ũͬۼؼ貵
࣡
Ҷؼڿһ˲䣬ҲƲĿ⣬ͷۡ
ܣδνࡣȥ磬ٻ񼶱ϵǴûһǰһǿҵջԪӤŲ۷ʿᶨޱȵģҲ̲סǿҵҪõ
ⶴڵİŵģһڵ˻һڣһ۵ġ
Ƚֱһݡ
ˣˣ
ʸٶͬ죬һѾҶȡ֡
ţ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ɺҶأһݣ
ʱݺʮԪӤʿٶһߣżҴҳ붴ڡ
Ѿ켱ˣ¡ɺҶذе඼ȡߣûķݡõĴûᣬֱߣĸʡ
׼ɺҰ඼ߣ̷
У
һм࣬ԤеҪúܶ࣬ɴϲæ۳˹ȥ׼ȡࡣ
ȴͻȻЦͻȻһһ
ͣ
ݶԡɺ޷һ͸ǻ࣬һϵСͨɽ顣ֻʮԶ̶̵ľ룬ȴǵһ޷ȥ
ΪҪɱң
ǿͷ׵ϣȫšɺһһ·ҲûгͻⶴڵҲ㹻࣬һֺη
ԪӤʿҲ¶֮ɫΪΡɺ׵ͻȻɱ֡
ɱݵˣһ
µԪӤʿȣ˵ţһɱȥ
һʮԪӤʿжʮɺӣʮݵ¡ɺһʵѹԵġ
ɱ
ɵݵ£
Ϊ𣡡
ԪӤʿǶʱŭ
ɺѾɵݣЩ»ʲô
ʲôԭɱ˵
ڣ̼ս
ɺԪӤʿǣ׷׳߽ߵĵ˳֡
ݵºȻеķ𷴻еľӡ
ⳡƴʼĿ죬ĸ졣
һգ۹µʮԪӤʿȫһҲûѡɺһԪӤʿٴˣ˶ˡ
ⳡͻϮɺԶƣһ浹ɱ
µԪӤʿٿطڶڴ
ʱڶڵģֻҶغͻʸˡֻһڣռ֮ҳڲȫ¸ˡ
ɺԪӤʿԾԾԣĿ׺ݵĶҶغͻʸˣֻȡɺһ£Ҫӵϡ
Ŀ겻ݣң
ҶĿ⣬Ѿױ
ͻȻֻɱݵʱоԡ
ֻһ̫죬Ÿ԰סԼͻʸûҵͻΧȥ
ҶӣΪҵסǵĻᣬҿǵȴ˺ܾáԺҶƽ֣нʮԪӤʿǵ֡ڣҵĻҵɣ
Ц
ԴöʥҶصУͷǳˣκβҶأֻܰѰʱڣҶرⶴⳡˮʯҪӮˡ
ڻҵĻᱻµԪӤʿǿʲôħ½ЩͽԪӤʿ֪ҵǺȡػҵͻƻ񾳽֮󣬽Щʿڱǡ
֮ǰѾӦˣ³֮󣬱ỹ㡣ɣһ뿪Ԩұ㽫ҵ㡣
Ҷ侲
һ뿪ⶴڣħ½ҪȥҪҵĶ
ҡͷ
ǣҰѻҵ㣬ô֪ڻ᲻ߣ
Ҷطʵ
ǸαطϻɴɱҳҪĻҵ
һԪӤʿ׺µ
ⶴڵİۻ࣬ȴжʮԪӤʿڴˡɺѾһݣļֶڳԪӤʿϷ֡
ʿͶҶءʸȡߵĶ࣬ɱҶضˣ˶ݣõĿԣɴһõָ࣬տɴ
ڻҵʲôδţʿĿⶼĶ࣬˭ҲȥǶ
ʱȴĬˡ
ֵǣɱ
ʿΪĬȻ˷ܴһͷҶغͻʸȥĿ֮£ȻҶǶʮʿˡ
֪
Ҷߣ˦һѪ⡣
ң
ǰʿһѪУѪ賤ƣѪʳʿУһ˲䣬ʿΪһݹǣԪ񶼱ʳ
ԪӤѪѪɢɫʢѪ⣬ҡҷһִ֦һϢ
ʲôȻʳѪ⣿
Ⲣħ½֮δ
ԪӤʿҪȥȴʿңһɫ¶־座Ȼ֮ɫ׷ֹסΧ
ڻжĶֻ࣬лŵʿлõ˭Լ̫ҵ鷳ֻϣδܰȫɵʮ˸汳ǿԺġ
Ҷػʿ䳰


688 Ԩ֮ŭ
ҶصĻһ䣬ɺԪӤʿɫһ䣬̲ס΢΢˼֡
ж࣡
ֻлŵʿлõ
ҶصĻɻǿҵ
ϻʲôܱͻƻ񾳽磬ЩԪӤʿ
һʮԪӤкʿԱҶغͻʸϵȷռ˾Եơ
һȺԪӤʿлٴһЩ˽
ŵδзݣʿûзݡԽԽϣõʣ࣬ɱǰ棬ҶʮʿɱǺѻĳãֻˡ
ʿ֮ӲҶغͻʸǰ㲻ǰȥñȥǲòʡ̫ࡣ
һȺ
вɰһ䣬ռѹԵƣȴؼʱ޷Ҷء
ȻˣԼǲɱǰġ
ͻƻھ磬ֻҪûʥҵӴ˱ܰȫħ½ǱоҵİءȻԸðոҶɱ˵ʵҶزûжʤ㡣
ҶӣѪٵȷ¡ⶴǾأжʮڴ˶סΨһĳڣǱڴ˴ҪǾܡѻҵҷǶ뿪
ٶЩʿǿȥʲôָ
Ҷسһ£ȷԼҵ֮᲻ɱڡ»ҵΪסİѱֹڴе;Ū
ɣҲûʲôáѾõ࣬뾡뿪˵أ̫ıʣ
ʸ
Ҷسһ£ڴӴóһöҵ
ҵԪӤʿʱĿţʲôáɺҶ󶥼ԪӤʿֽϧ
ʲô
ʿֹš
ǺܿʧˣҶóľȻһ۵ĻҵҲ֪ǼСӥСߵĵѣûκ쳣֮˻ᵰ·ߣǿ࿴һۡ
Ӹң
һϲ֣æ
ҶŻҵҪӹȥ
ɱ
ͣ
Ѿ˶ܱܿȡˣɱһҲŹɱһҪҵ࣡
ʱΧʱҽɺʿ
һȺʮԪӤкʿţҲ˭ٿطɱҵĹƣʱɱɺһʿһֲ
һˣɱǣס࣡
ɺµʿǲԴУ̺͹һʿɱһ
ںͨʱâ䣬
ǰ治˰¿°ﲻ㣬һûػҵ
Ҷؼ״һһЦеĻҵδӳȥ
㡫ɶ񣡡
Сף粻ĶҶءʸˡѾûκƿԣǿгֻ֣аķݡ
¡¡
ͻȻ֮䣬һҵ𶯡

֪ʲôʱ򣬰˯еԨޣһ鱦Ϣˡ
Ϣ֮ǿӴеŲе˿־塣
ħԨݺ꣬ǿħδħǿ־塣Ҳɹغ֮δһܹе־塣
Ȼ־֮£һ˿ϲħϲıǳĵر㲻˱ɣܽ鱦ռݣ쳤վõѬ֮£˵ܹͻħ޴ʮʵΪǿĴڣõʮԪ
ǧɳ˫ĿһǧҫĿĽɫâͼѰǹϢԴ
ǧâ˺˵صԨĳźͺڰſֲĿ֮ͽħޡħСֻűӡ
Ԩͷħ޴ϣͨħֵܵͨħηĶӡ
ͬʮħ޴һͷԨ޵ӴԨڼĵ֡
ԨħԨǿﳤԨѷ죬ʳطΧ޿ھ֮£ȻħҲֻܳΪ֮
໡
Ԩſ޿ڷŭĿٽǧﳤľ޴İεطԨڵʯʯΧ𶯡
ͻȻͻȻʧĵر
һڸ

ԨڣƴɱԪӤʿǣͻҵˡ
ô£
ãԨޡڶˣţͷħ޴ѹˣô죿Ӳӣ
أڣѵܽɱǲɡɱ˵
ͣ
පΧ⣬˵ҲۼһԪӤʿ֧߰ʿ飬ΧපߣҲ޷ֱңҽ֮˷
Ҳֱңֻɱǣʿܵõࡣ
ҶغͻʸѾڴ֮Уǿг˶ĳڣͨһֱͻΧ
ͼ赲Ҷصİͻʸƿֺϻ˲Ϣ֮˰ˣֻĿҶغͻʸȥ
ҪҶءʸͻΧȥҪӵĿ죬Сͽˡ
ھ𶯡
ͣ
ǰһԪӤʿǿҵĲĵĵ¡
Ҷǰ棬΢΢ѪоĮնٿѪ٣ԦŰɱ䡣ǰûֵܵһĹ
ѪٵĿֻ֮ҪѪ֮ĳɳ׳طɱңѪ⣬һճԪӤʿɳµĳ̶ȡֻҪѪΪ䣬ɱġ
ʸ󣬾עΧÿ

һ¡¡ħԨǧ´Χ̮Χʮﶼܸоޱ޼ʵ𺳡
Ԩͷħ޴ҲǹصϢһ߷ŭĿţһ߽ԨϷնȥһҪҵǹʧ鱦Ϣ
Ԩ޵ĿŭѾħԨͽԨħ뼫ȿֻţӳԨ֮⣬ħ֮࣬˵Ҳǧ֮ڡ
ԭԨĴɱħޣѰԨټʮԪӤʿʱҲͬסԭΪǵ𡢻ɽ֮࣬Ǻܿ췢ԾȻһͷħ޴ڷ񣬲ӡ
ħ޴ˣߣ
ʮԪӤʿĹâ̴ֻԨڷɳħһͬҲ˲ɱˡ
ô£
Զһʵľɽۣ֮ʮʿԹ۴˴ħԨԵģǰȻҵĳס
ţһͷǧľ޾ħ޴Ԩڳ˳УԿһͷħ޴ıƤѾʯԿһǧﳤľʯ
ǡԨޣ
ԨôˣǺޣ뿪صԨĺأ
˭̼ˣԪӤʿСʵôܰ
ЩʿҲǵһοԨ޵ȫòûʿǸеǣĿзųɽ⡣֮ħޣԪӤʿ˻˻лҷ


689 
Ԩ޷ŭɳԨһޱ޼ʵĿֲϢɢԨħȺ羮һӴѷӿħǵĴ£ǵصħ½˷񱼣ͼΣ֮ء
ʮԪӤʿæ룬ǺܴһֶӵЩֵħ޸졣ڱҵħ޿£ЩԪӤʿһ˲䱻ħ޳û
ʵԽߵԪӤʿΪصѰ࣬Խ档
ЩһԪӤʿ˿̸ǻԨ޵ĸУ
Ԩ޴Ԩѷڿնû˿ص˼ǻ߮ƺѰʲô
Զ޷ۣ֮ڻʿǷ׷ɫ䡣
ô죿
ͷʮ׵Ԩޣÿʮ궼ܵ࣬ϵħʿͻƻ񣬾ɱã
ɱǿħ޴˭ɱҵܲɱˣˡ
ĵǣԨħҲᾪʱԨħ㳲ħ½أ¾ˣ̬أҵȱ֣ͷħ޴ƻħԨڣ
īӼһһϵ޽󲽳˲Ϣ̤ɣԨ޶ȥ
Բһϣ
ʮʿһۣԼԦͨԶԨ޷ȥ
޷֮ǧľ룬Իʿ˵תۼ
ռ֮У
īӷɽԨʮﴦһ޽ӳһУ˲˺ѿһɵĿռѷ죬ֱĺԨӴϡ
䣡
ֲĿռѷ죬ƿ˴Ƭʯ㣬¶ɫħƤ˺һɵѪӡ
ռѷ죬նһʵĻʿϣֱնΪأѪɽҵĿռ䡣
ǣֲһԨӴޱȵһͷǧʮԨ˵һɵĿӣ²
һĻҲ˺ڻʿУʹڻʿɫѿ
īǵΪʵߵһԱﵽ˻ΪӽһѾȾʿȫһΪǿȴȻ޷ƤԨʵԵ˺
ʮʿ׷׳ַ֣ɽͨķһʱرɫԨ޺ȥ
ʮʿΧԨ޷ŭһȺʿΧǿвġϾһ˲ǧٵ
ԨȻ˦˫ĿϵķųɽĴɨ䣬ΧĻʿ
ĴѰϢȥ򣬻δҵͻȻ⵽һȺʿΧβŭ

ħ½أԭҰ
ޱ޼ʵģƮبŲãϢŲ֪֮ǡ
Ĺħ֮̾أֻʵǿĻʿŸԡ
һɽΪɽ֮ϡ
ɽ֮Уһͷɫħ޴ڿ񱩱ڡ䣬һó˲֪µʮ׵׼ľ¡˻Դ˦ľ׷
ͷħ޴״ţͷĸǣͭͬĿѣĿĽɫâֻ֮Ҫһۣᱻâסʧǡ
츳ħޡħɥ֮¡
ջĽ׷ǰһʿϧʿһֱĿҲ׷ôˡ
ʿһϮۣһϢĹŽϿ̡񡱶֡Ĵſȥʵ޻²һͨʿΪֻۡɵĺܿ죬Ǳͷţħ޴һЩ
ĮȻӣž޲
ʹһͷħ޴׷Ҳûаֱ顣
Ŀսͷħ޴絹ɡҲ֪ڳ˼ʲôⳡĵ׷֮пҪ˯ˡ
ף
Ȼʲôŵ˫һĵĮߴħ޴֪ںδԵʮֿն˵顣
ʿΣ˲ͣס
ͷħ޴Ϊϲڱѣסͣ
ǣʿйŽϢӭţһ
飡
ţһͷײڹŽϡ
ǹŽûбײɣڷɡţʱ־壬оһɿֲƵ֮˺ѿĽǣͷ­˺
䣡ʬȻɽϣ֪Ϊһѿݹǡ
ʿִʬȡһöȭͷʮԪδ࿴ʬһۣĮ㣬ңԶħ½вħԨѷ֮
ǸղţһϢ
ʲô鱦ˣȻԨޣ
ʿŽĿնáԭһݣ˲Ϣ֮⣬ٶȣǰħԨ

Ԩ޸ڡ

ǳȥˣ
ڸղһҵУපɽͨһʯڡͨ
ʯʵҲԨ޵Ѫ⡣
Ԩ޺ͻʿͨͨסҲŻʿڡ
ʮ׵ѪеʮƷʵСͨΪӲЩԪӤʿնԨ޵Ѫ⣬Ҫ˵ȥ
Ԩ޵ĸڣΪڶĶԪӤʿΪ࣬໥ɱ˴룬ʵʿϲᵽһҪ뿪ͻȻ֣·Ȼûˡ
ԪӤʿǲ˿ֻ֮УǱˡ
ҲͰˣ˹һصģԨ޳˯֮ͨ򿪣뿪ǡ
ȻбΪµ顣
һԭԪӤʮ׵Ѫ٣һʮԪӤкʿѪԪ֮󣬾ȻһͻԪӤΪʮ׻Ѫ١
ңڷţŵʿʬ壬ѪĿʼϣϵıǿ
ͻƻ񼶵Ѫ٣ԪӤʿѪʱ򣬾ȻԨڸѪ⣬ʼƴԨ޵Ѫ⡣Ǵ󲹵ѪⰡÿһС飬ԶԪӤʿǿ
ڣԨ޵Ѫ̫ӲѪҲѴ͸ȽСĳɳٶȿ쵽
ԪӤʿ񼶵Ĺ٣ǽȻͬĽλô
Ԩ޵ĸڣûʮѪٵĶ֡һȺԪӤʿҲСܹõԨѪĲ䣬ɱġ
ҶҲû뵽ѪپȻͻƻ񼶽λһŵ飬Ȼǰˡ
ѪѾռ˶ս룬вΧŵڶԪӤʿ
Ѿ֣ͣɱ
ڶڶԪӤʿ޴ӵľҶƿڴָųֲѪ٣Ūֻеķݡ
ҶضЩáûҪʿһʼΧͼ࣬׳Ѫ𡣿ң棬ҲԤϵġ
ô죿
ʸԾ
ͻƻ֮ѾָӲˡֻܾѪԶһ㣡ߣȥطɵԨ֮ǰ뵽취뿪
Ҷسҡͷ
Ҷغͻʸͨڲȥ
Ԩ޵ǧȻͨ·סˣڲͨġ
ѪȻڳɳǹ̶һɳӵٶȻ̫졣


690 
ҶغͻʸѸ뿪
껯Ѫڶ޼ɵţѪƴԨ޵ѪУһһŴ󲹵Ѫ⣬ΧлŵʮԪӤкʿʧȥȤ
ֻҪǲʱҲϾȥǡ
һ۷յͨк̾ͨڵѪ٣ԥĸҶضˡ֮ǰѾȡһ࣬ΪҪģɻҶϵöҵ
һѪսԪӤʿǣ򶴿мʮ׻񼶵Ѫ٣е
٣᲻ὫԨ޶̵ǶԵ
˭֪أߣȥȫĵط
Ҷؼ뿪֮ԪӤʿǷΪҲʯȥ
Ԩ޵ĸȻ֪Σܱڴ˵أֲѪҪ
ڻж˭ʣµԪӤʿ᲻ᣬǾͲö֪ˡ

Ҷڶڼü䲻
Ԩʮħ޴Ӵʵǿ˼㡣
ǣѪ٣ҲǺǵġ
ѪԨڷܶסѪѾͻ˻ʮףõԨ޴ѪֻԽԽٶȵҲԽҲ죬ɵͷԨޣΪĿֲʮ٣񼶿Ҳûж֡
뵽㣬ҶҲЩա
ѾҲûã취ΰĿǰ
ϧƿ˲޷Խϰұܴȥˡ
ʸ˻ΣЩɥ˵
˲Ƶķħ޴ȥ磬ЩӴħǿˡ
ҶؿЦҡͷԿοʸ
пţʲôܹĿǰ
ҼǵõԸʱѪûзӳڤ׸׵ķٻ١ϵܹɵĿ١񼶵ڤףӦʮѪ٣ҲܹѪԱֱڤ׷ٴڣֻûдڤ׿°첻ڤ׷գƱػԨŭԤϵĺ˵ԼҲˡ
ڤף
ʸϲ
ţ򶷵ʱ˼ڤףһֱϸڡ
˵⣬ҶҲɿЦҡҡͷûйĹ޷ֱӿڤסҪǿȥڤףҲҪΪмֿܡ
ʸһƻ񵤵Ѿֻ֣ǻȱ˻񵤷
ʵǱزȱֱʳܱԪɴԪŨеľѡ鵤ҲˣҪôȥʣҪôǵ˶ݵҩͻʵһֻǶʣɹϵ⡣Ϊʦ֪ҩԣܹ׷ֱ档
Ҷس˼һ£еѪٵٶ̫죬Ҳ鵤ˡ
ȻˣǷ࣬ǿͻƻھ磡һݲɣﻹһݣͻƲˣȥʿ࣡
˵ţʸҲ¶ᶨ֮ɫܱڴԴҪǿԨ޸ڳ񣬻ڴ٣Ԩ޵ϣǷӰȫһͻƻ񣬲ɱѪ٣ǴԨ޸ƿһ·ɺܶ࣡Ψһİ취֮Դи
š
Ҷ΢΢һͷ
ͷһۺ󷽺ĵͨ侲ôãɣ
ҶأҵĻҵѻҵң֮ǰһʹ
һݰĵĺӰ֣ԶԶվ֮⣬żŭ
Ѫж£ʥΪȻû˻ҵ͸ܰæѪԨޣֵЩСʿһ֮ءõҵȴԨ޵ĸڣҪģ
ҶزΪ
һʱü֮УҲûǿҪҵңҲǶ˵Ķ֣ıɲó
ҵϣҲʧԺеʱȥ취׼ڴ˵س񣬻֮ҵȼ˵ϣܹųȥ֮ǰϣ㲻Ҫһ񡣡
Ҷص
Уܳȥҳȥ
ŭȴ޿κΡ
ЩʱҶضԸ˽ıֻҪʵǿܱЭյء
Ԩڣ
Ҷص˾СĵĨȥۼ߹֮󣬲һСĲͷͣҵ˵صĻ᲻
˭Ҳ֪ǵĻжʱ䡣
ʸͨκͷ󷨽ơ
ԶѰ˼ԼҪҪҲ
ҶھͷĶ񣬷һࡣ
̺֮ԪǿڼһޱȵȪֱ뵤
䣡
ҶֻԺһȻ·ըһ㣬ȵԪ˲ɢ֫ٺ
ҶطԼԪӤʼȫԪͬʱë״ţŹγһԪѭ
ģҶؾȵķ֣ԪӤųɫΣ·ʱȥһ㣬ʶ֮
ҶȻһǿ񣬲ȥעı仯ȫעĳΪ
ʸһԻҶԪ籩ǣռһУֱ΢΢˿
ҶǿгѶȿ֪ҶԼ˭ҲﲻæʸȻģģҲֻô˵أΪҶػ

硣
ԨںڻʿĻȡ
ѪٱϾ̫СɳԶԨ޽ǧӴԨ޻ûвٵвԣʮʿв
ħ½ʮʿ֣ʵƾ춯ءǣȴţԨޡһͷʮԨޣԴԴϵĵ࣬ħ½ʿáͷޣʧ»ǧ֮á
ֻͼԨޱƻħԨڡ
Ԩͷֲħ޴ôܹͷ
ʮڻʿֹƼЧԨ޵ķ£˺üʿ
ʮԪӤʿԶԶĶ㿪ĿɿڴĹⳡĴս
ҪԨ̫ӴڷӦڻʿͲֹʵô򵥡
ʱţѪҲԽԽǿ󣬽ͻʮĽסʮףѪҲԽࡣ
Ԩֻź;ŭ֮С
Ԩϵһŵľ鱦ֺڻʿսһʱûעڵĶߡ
ԨȻħ޴ϾҲѪ֮Ѫֻ񼶵ֱɡ
һͨϴڸڵѪҲȫ𲻵á
Ԩ޿־循ŭ񱩵Ϯڻʿ
ƽʱ߸ϵڻʿƵǱ
ͷԨô£Ϊ쳣
Ԫƺڲϵţ
λѼӰѾϻԨȥ
֪˶úɸ߿֮ϣȻƹ׹
Ԩ޵Ϸ
Ʋмŵγһ޴Ʒ籩˶׵ƼԾš
ԨԵøӵĲͼƬơ
ɵƱ
ǻڵĽƣ
Ԩʮ׵ħ޴͹ⳡڴ١ΪʲôƣԨޣ
ڻʿ۷׷ס
īɫһ䣬ʶһɨƷΧڣԨϣţѵԨ޵ڣ񣿡


691 帮飡
ҶԨڣǿΧ
Ҷصϸڣϡ
ΧһƬ޾Ļ
֮У֮ϸ˿ףãã֮зɿĴ߮֡
ף
ҶصԪѾԪӤŲ۷塣
ǣǱܣƬռڵףеȵĿ־塣
һףʿԪżѹ
ô֪˶ãԽԽŨԽԽ࣬γһ޴УռжһƬɫĵ⡣
Ƭռ䣬졪ˮ
ҶԪӤڸڣôĹš
ԪӤڷӿϸڵԪҲڲϵ󡭡ǧƬޱ޼ʵĿռȥ
ֱҶطԼʶ㱣ģŷʶŵ̫ԶѾˡ
Уʶһ˿ѾǻʿӵΧ
䣡
ʼȱըµֲٲһ˻̮ԪӤڡ
ǰһУַ˷츲صı仯
Ҷؿϸڵĸ졣
һոµˮ죬Ѿˡ
ľ𸡵𸡵ˮ޴Ļҵһ壬
ǰ죬ԭŵģҶصԪ񣬲ô첻κζ
һ壬ȻԳһ硣
ϵڲϵѭȻϻûκλѾųˡ
ϷһСƬ֮γɵƲ㣬вʱ׹âڡꡱ֮Ʋʱ£һӨ͸ɫꡣ
Ļڻĳ
ô£
Ҷ¶֮ɫɻ
һʱ벻ףҲȥ롣
ҶСһУжһʮɴСʮƤħСƤһϵƤǿҵĿԡһ׵
ȥ
ƤһƬƲ㡣
꣡
Ʋ㣬һ΢СףǿʮɴƤϡ
䣡
Ƥ׵ĺ֮£ʱ죬Ѹڻȼǿҵ׻𡣲һƤճɻҽԣҽû£ѽϸ΢
Ƥǻʮײϣƴͨףѵǳ˻񼶣ʮף
Ҷ
Ҷ׵ǿ󣬸ҸϵʯͷжӲ٣޷˼⵺ϵĻʯ

ûзࡣ
߲޻һڳƿʱ򣬳شʣ
ֻĿҶأڻʸĻ֮£ȫ񾳽硣ԱΪʿ֮Ԩ޸ڵվ
ҶΧҵʮֳԾ
ǣ𾪵ˡ
Ҷص⣬ȻγһˮӼ֡ˮӼԽԽɴС
ʲô£
Ȼɫʮѿ
оʮϤʥϢ
һɿ¶صϢʥʿе־塢ηȴַҪõ
ڻƻʥǧ꣬ʥߣ磬һ·շת࣬ΪľҪƿʥڵΪʥ
Ҷأʲôʱʥİأ
ԭһ壬쬵ķԾɣˮӼԱߣʡ
ҶǲܻشʵȻǻʸ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱҪȷС
ʸƽЦ
ӳˮӼ֮ѾˮӼǴƵģǰĽӼӼһûܴ򿪡һֱȫ뵽ڡ
¶쳣ʹ֮ɫ֮ԿϸҶЭΪΪԼûػҵڻҵҶزˣϣա
ʥһ򣬲߱ʥˣʵǿĳ̶ȡÿһλʥʥܹһͳ壬Ϊ޿ɵʥ
ɶΪʲô
ŭɥʧǣִһ߳âʸ
㣬߳ŭɲðķɽٿ죬Ҳ첻ҵƿ
ʸЦҡһΣ˲ڰ֮⣬˫һԳֱСͨɽñ򣡡
ĺâɽڵϣֻڵһǳǳӡۣ㱻Ӳĵ浯

ʱš
ѪѾɳʮףԨϵӣֻҪѪ⣬һֱɹȥϵ
Ԩ޼ΪʹŭǧﳤӴħԨշ
ջ׽֮ƣ浽
ħ½ƬĴϣҲһƥеĵˡ£ֱ֮УԪľŻὥǽգڳһֲϡ
䣡
صĳصڴϡ
¡¡ĵ𲨣Ӵݵʮ֮⣬ħޡ
塣
ԨڻʿѾʮ֮áԨԽԽʿһʼҲоЩԣֹͣ˽
ˣ
ʿԶԶķ˿ĿһĻ
ԶʮԪӤʿļԦ෨գһɥ
ͷʮ׵Ԩ޴ҪˡҲ޷ڣõһˣ
ÿʮһεԨԣôȥ
ħԨڣмͷСԨޡǲʮĽףûгɳҪǳɳڵ̫࣬ˡ
ûֻ࣬м츳ʿͻƻ񾳽磡
ħ½ʿʧ֮أԹƵġʧǧϡ
ʿǣһ뵽µĽһֽű䡣
мܶˣʱյϢҴҴħ½ظġмһ޺һѪ«Ѫ档
һȺʿʲôҲˣлʿҲ޷ֹסͷԨ޴
ԨˣڵѪʼɱļ⣬ģ¶Ԩ޳ǧľͺǡ
ƬǧﺡڣһƬΧǧѪٴ֡
Ƭ׽֮ƣɻͣѪٴֵϷ
Ѫ٣
ⲻ֮ôħ½ѵޣЯħ½
ɶ񣬻ٵԨޣħ½ս
ڻʿ׹ԨΪλɷ׷׺Ȼʧɫŭ
Ŀ᲻֪պлʿ磬ۼǣѪֻ磬طҲû뵽Ԩ֡
ƬѪٻٵħ½ͷӭսʥ
īӺλ֮˾
쬣
һɵ⣬ħ½һϢĮնϢǿĿ£ڻʿǶоһѹɷ׷׳Ϸ˹ȥ
һ̤һͻҽ˲䣬Ԩ޸ա
ãڳˣЩٳûϢΪΪҵӦʥ֮£ܻٺò
īһ㶣Цӭȥ
ڻʿŻȻħ½Ψһһλʿʵû֪λӾʲôֻǱҽϿš񡱶֣жţûλʿԭˡ
ȥԸʥһǧ֮ԼƬһҪȡߣ
ƽ


692 ƵˮӼ
īɫʱ΢һ¡
ҲһֱԼƬѪٴʲôطԾƬʼղɢĻڽƣϢȷ
ԶԸʥΪۣҪڵһĪѪٴ֮ʲô֮
īа
Ϊֿ޷ħ½֮£ĳһ˵㣬Ҫλѵ
īһΪѳ˵
ʲô˼һڴ˵أҪ߶ҵⷬʲô
Ҷǻʿħ½ǺպĽɫҲû˸ҰףſھҪѶߡ
ħ½ŵر˭õ˭ãûĹأ
Īǹһ˵ӵͷΣͿΪҺɽݺħ½ǧ꣬Ҳû˿
յڻʿˣʿŭȡ
ʿ˽֪Ƕħ½֣ʵûжȻ˶ԹʿɵҲζŻá
ʿһħ½պһűһĶݵ±ء
֣һ˵ɡ
ֻĮһЦδʿŭ⡣
λȲҪ﾿ʲôҵҲα˺ǻȽƬǧѪٴɾҳƷ١
īӳʿ
ҸƾֶΣ˭ҵ˭ã
˭бõ֣˭Ǳ
ˣ
ڻʿɷ׷ͬ
͵ܣ㿴Σ
ʿʵ
ҲãǾ͸ƾʵ˵ǣ
վڻҽϣʿǿҷԣֻ¶һ˿䳰
ڻʿһ£ΧǧﷶΧѪٴ֣ع۲
⣬ʮԪӤʿҲ˹ΧۿԨ֮һѾܰȫˡǣûʸⳡᡣҪ˵ᣬ̫ң񼶵ĹٴԽǴһա
ԪӤʿ𺳵ĿƬѪɫδĿǧ֣֮䣬Ԩ޵ɭɭ׹ǣѪɷ֮ΪŨҡ
ܰһͷħ޴ɱƬѪֵĿֲƷײԨ޵ͣиʮ׵ǿʵ
쿴ʲô
ʿȣָŴС
ڶʿ׷׿˹ȥ
ֻǧֵļһĨҫĿˮɫâˮɫâ쳣ǿңһĨâ޷ӴͶ
ﷶΧĻƣѹѹһƬ׵ˮɫâϷƫСƹ׼Ƭʼδ˵ʮŵ״١
ΪֲĽƵĴڣڻʿҲûҴϿȥ۲졣ǻʿҲԸƽȥǽƵĿ䡣
ӦòԪӤʿڶɽ١ԪӤʿͱƬѪָʣˣﻹȥɽ٣
Īһʮ׵鱦˻ף
ɵˣһʮ鱦Ϣôǣʿв鱦϶˻ʮףٴﵽʮϣŻϢ
ʮסħ½ʮ׵鱦𣿡
ٻʿ˽鼤֮ɫħ½ʮϵĵرҲڹǾʿı
Ϸһԣ
ʿУһŻ«İֻʿһ
ڻ«ѪѪ«ȫͬһϵͨ«Χһɫϼ⣬һ֪һ൱ķ

ʿ«ڳѪ֡

«һӿӵ𣬻ΪһľպХĳѪٴ˹ȥ
䣡
Ѫ֮УըѿΧʮ﷽Բ
ھ޻𣬶ʱȼգǿҵĻ˳
ڻʿԷֵ˳ֿȥܿˡ
ʮѪսһ֦Ҷ֮⣬ɼûж˺Ƥδս
ٹȻʮ׵ģˣ
һְɣ
ʿΧǧֱԵӲͬطͬʱʼ֣ԦʹԵķɽѪٴ֡ϵͨټͨ빥֮£졣
䣡
꣡
ƬѪ⵽ݻ١
ʿٶ죬һʮ
ʿҪü²Żٵһ١
ֳֻҽѪٴֳȥƽٶ죬ҽն֣žһ׳Ѫɫ٣㱬ѳһĭеĻҽأûʿзҫۣȴǿš

ʱ֮
ǰһ٣һƬɵĿյء
ѾѪֵش
ϷһƬڳĽƣƺʱ׼
ǡʲô
ջҽĿһ
յһ͵ˮӼˮɫĹâڹĹĵš֮ǰڻʿ濴ĹâˮӼĹâˡ
ˮӼΧǿյأѪٲδռƬƺܵıܿһƬؿֲ
֮ǧ꣬δֵĶ
꣡
һռѺ۳֣һСƬɡ
ʿͼʿִͨһͨ쬡쬡ڿյǰ𾪵飬ȶö٣ǰˮӼһʱ֮侪˵
Ӽѵʲôڴ˵ضɽ٣
ޣΪʲôѪٴɣ
ֹһ½½ʮʿ֣ǻʿһ¿ˮĻڡʿڸѪپ
ʸԪӤŲʿˮӼԱߡ
ǶԨʱ򣬱Ѿֹͣ˶Ҷش˿ˮӼڣһʸй֮壬һܿˡ뵽һΪҪ飬ҶĲʥİأ㲻ʥ
ʸʿһ֣һȻվ
ڻʿڵˮӼûΪ
СԪӤʿһڻʿǰ޵λԣֱˡ
ʿ̧ͷһ۽ƣʮʿеܶˮӼ֮ˡ֪ˮӼһŵرһʿˮӼ˭򿪣
ס֣
ʸʧɫ˫ǰ档

һһɵľ޺ǰȻ̤һһһصĳƣˮӼǰĻʸֱӳ忪
޺ֳһʹŽɫεĴ󸫣˴ͷǰ壬һɫһĻߣһɾ޷Ľ𸫣ŷˮӼϡ
䣡
һĹâ޺˳ȥо޸ղס
ˮӼҵһ£һ΢𵴲
ǣˮӼûƣʿĿһ޷ֺ
κϵܣ
ʿĿһæ
ղһǸоײޱ޼ʵϺһҵǧ֮ɲ⺣ˮһɶӼԲʮ׻񼶵鱦
Ǿ޺ڵϷһ£סΣϥſڵϣվ޸ݺݵ³һѪ


693 
磬ڻʿΧˮӼʱ
ҶصԪɴϸڣ۲帮֮ı仯
ľˮɵһ壬ƮڵϵγһƬɴСӿɫƲ㣬ǿƲ֮вԾ
ž
ˮȻɱһͻȻ¡

ȻɷһɼٵķƲ
¡¡
ˮڣһƬɫɫ֮У
ɫƲ˰ɫƲ㣬˱ϵɫ󡣰ֽȻͬԪƲ֮зڣϵĺײϵݻš
Ʋ֮У˸ҫĿĹâ

һ̺ųԪΣ
ǣԪꣿ
ҶŵĿһĻԸо̺ǿԪ˼£ԪӵĴͳ档
ԪԪ񱮳ȥСĵķ˹ȥԪΡ
ԪһҶصԪ񣬱˽ȥ
ҶصԪԪԽԽ棬Ҳϵ͡
䣡
ҶظоԼƺըһ㡣
֮ǰող뻯ڡ
ҶصԪվƲ·нԪΣһΪʼѸǣֱԾϻ㡣
ϵƲҲʼСԪҲϡ١
׾ȻܽϵתΪԪϻвԭϣ罫ǶתԪ
ҶѾ֮ѹɴཫԼ帮϶ڻĴϵ߽ݣѻɽƷʯ߽ϡħԪвʮһסʮײϣֵʮڼƣȫ˳ȥ
Ʋе漴Щԭϣ׷ѽΪС
ϵİɫƲѸٱ󣬴ɻΪʮɣԪΡ
ҶصԪֱͻƻ㡣

䣡
ˮӼ˾޺һ΢һ¡
ʲôڹˮӼ
ҶˮӼȫԪо𶯣ϸڳ˫ĿһƬɫˮӼ֮У˫ͫһ⣬ϵת⻪Ŀ
ҶظоˮӼڼȻӳһȭ䣬꣡ˮӼڲʼѿһ϶
Ϣͨ
˿̡
ˮӼ棬ѾۼкʿȺ󴩹Ѫٴ֣˲ٵĴۣˮӼĸǰеùĻʿɥѪ֮С
Ӧһʮϵ鱦
ֻǲ֪Ǻ
ΧˮӼϵʿƣе޲ߡ
ʿһڻʿˮӼͻȻһϸܵѷ죬һ˺˼죬ս˶ֿս׼
ʱﻯڽҵϢꡱһ׺Ȼ£ˮӼϣűһΪܼ쳹صʮŵ׻
ף
ʿ׷׳տȥ
ʮ׺ˮӼϣѺ۵ˮӼһ
Ҷ׼˲˦ּһ׵ķߡ
һԶԶСͨķܸϰͨˡǰϾֻСͨķһ׵Ŀ±Ҫ
ҶſһżΪԪע˱ɽ֮ڡ
˱ɽʱâɲǼֱƴͨԵֵ׵Ŀ䡣
䣡
һ׺ڰ˱ɽ֮ϣ˱ɽâС
ҶſٴŵľԪ
䡢䡭
һʮֲĻ׹ȥ
ҶӲǿϸṩԴԴϵԪǿŹ١Ϊӻص㡣ϸڵԪԴԴϵǿԪ˿ûж֮ƣ󣬺ܿ»ص˻㡣
ˮӼѾȫѿ
ҶԦŰˮӼ֮⡣
ĸоеǧﷶΧ֮ÿһ˿ǲͶ֮绽ܡԪȽ׵ָоԽԡ
ĳڻʿȥѾɻ񣬵˻١һȺʿΧˮӼ϶Ϊʲô顣
ǰ棬Ը͵ԼʵǱȫԸӦԵľ档
ô£
Ϊʲôߣһǻڶ㡣
ڻʿһ¶㵡
ܶĿܣһʮĵرһʥûһߴ߳ߣʥϢڻʿ
ĵرǺ˵ֱӶǣ˭ʵǿ˭֡ޣɱ˱ǣûʲôýġ
ǳһߣô
ҶأҶֵܣô
ȺʿУһ󺺵һͭྪ
Ѫ棬ʶˣ
Χʿ׷׿˹ȥ
Ȼϵˣǰһضʥ֮飬С൱Ĳħ½ҡû뵽СӾȻԼͻˡ
ѪȺ֮УҶشˮӼڳϾ𾪡
Ҳ
ô˵ħ½еڶλĻʿˣ
ѵҲǹʿ
ʿɫһ¹ŹҶغͶϣתƣ²ʿ֮ʲôΪڼŹģ඼ǹ˵ӡ
ҪʲôĻҪǵ˵Ĵڡ
ʸҶ˹ȥĿг˹Сʱ̫Ļǲ˵ڣҲڴȺĻʿǿʶǰûʲôܿԱסġ
Ҷ֣ͷЦʾ赣ġ
ѪҸյħ½ãǡħԨԣδüǰȥݻᣡպпУٺһ𡣡
ҶسѪ湰һЦ
˵˵
ѪҲֻɵ㶵ķݣûȫ֮лع
ڲԶĬмìܣ峤ƽʱΪʥһ˭ʥΪʥ볼һһ峤ΪԭƴͼʥȻǱҶظˣѾʥΪһ塣Ϊʿ㲻ʥҪҪ
߳׷ǿߣеҲû̫Ĳʡ
ңԴʥļأһʥ֮ʥΪһǧưǺܿ顣ҶصʵҲǺɨһ磬޵еĴڡ
ѾܵҶΪһǧˡ
ôһĹҶѾӻ׽֮ȫָΪ˼Ĵӻ뻯㣬ͻƻĲף뻯ڡ
ҶĿҫԪ񲻶ǶԪ޷Ρʿѹƽڽ֤һ㡣
飬ΪҶؾôվһδʲôû
ôһĹȫʿĿޣɵΪ
ʱ󲿷ڻʿǻҶӼûлعⲢζûиܵҶʵµľ޴ѹ
Ԩ֮ǰǿҵ쳣ΪʲôŻóȻ뿪ħԨѪԨޣΨҿ֮ڣҶѸն껯٣ѾǻĲ㡭㡣Ҷѿʮ߽׵鱦ʮֺǼʲôҶѿɷչʾһ
ʿѹͷĿ𾪣üͷϵħ½δĸҵҶҪ󡣾´ﵽھŲ㣬Ҳһ˶ѡٻʿ֮ˡ


694 һ˵Ķ
ʲô鱦ҵ¡ǿҪۿĪвң
ҶʱɨīʿһȺʿһ±㿴ǰλīʿڻʿͷߣͣҲô໯ʿں档
Ԩ޲ɱħ½ĸҪۡңֻ뿴һ鱦ѣ
һʿŭ
Ԩ֮ѪٸɵģҺθɣĪλΪƬѪٴֶҵȻƬѪֲҵºָɱԨޣ
ҶһָΧٴ֣ڲϡ
⡭
ǻʿʱû׼òʲô֤
ûκ֤ݣһԴűǡ
Ҷߡ
ʶѾ̽ΧΣԨѾѪٸɱˣ֮ǰԪӤʿ޷ӳȥ¼ˡֻб˴Լߣѡ
ֻҪϣҲûһҧɵġ
֪飬Ǳ϶ǲ˵
ҲҳһѪٵͱ˳ȥôʥռɺ϶Ҫһ¶Լ϶ɡ
Ҷֻƾһ㣬Ļǣ˵
һԳĬҲǲͽ
ҶǲѡԨ֮ѹԼġ
Ⱥʿ֪ӵһ鱦һ˹ѹɣȺʿ±޼ɵǿҪ鱦Ҫɱ
Ԩ֮Ѫٴģһʱȷ׷ԨʱҶǡڴ˵ػɽ٣ҷʽ쳣ع졣޷֤Щ޹أ׵ģôֻͷˡڳлʿʸ㡣
ʿ˵ѾԵͱˣڱ뽫鱦չʾɡ
ֻҶһˡʸԪӤʿԶԹȥǵʵ̫޹ش֡
ʿ⻰˵൱㣬Ρ
ѴԲҵ룡ǣʱ䷢һ֮£Ҷѻһֻͣħ½ʿвޡ
һߣ볤
ʲô
ǻʿŪԨžָɵġ
Ȱ˵
ʮʿŭȵ
ڵգʱۿȺŹ֮Ҫɡ
ĻʿֻĿĴҶأδ˵и̡ʿύеʮʿ֮࣬ʿСŻȫΨʿհûøߺȡ
ȻˣǸҶˡʶվҶһߡ
ڳʿ֮ԵûΪҶһˣĹ˼ʿķӦһʿһᣬ̻һʧػңħ½ʿԪ
ǱƲѣԲоҪ⡣һͷԨѾʥǡʿ𲻵á
ҶĿɨЩŭĻʿĬˡ
ϸһ壬Ҫ˵òóҲĸڣʵԴлһöҵû֪ϸĴڣ򲻵ѵʱûҵתڻʿע
˶ȺŹ֣Σ
Ҷа
ʵǵڵ֮ϸڵʯԭļԪҲѾûˡô̺֮ϸڷֽΪתΪԪܼΪ
ãȻô뿴ҵ鱦Ҳֱ͸λˡ
Ҷ뵽˴һ
ڻʿɾ㵣ô׳Ǽٳʮ׵鱦Щ֮ǰŶֵĻʿҲͣҶء
Ƕ֮ڣҲָ͸˭ҵȰɽĹ£ǿӵбǵ˭Ծǿһ˺Ҷ˭ܹңұ㽫ϡ鱦㹰ã޷սʤˡҲ޷鱦á⣬ʤõ鱦֮Ҳ˼սֱǿһλʿʤ˼սΪֹ
Ҷؽ˵
˵ˣ˼ǵԵҪ鱦һ˹սһȺʿˣȺŹ
ʿɫʱ˼תСְѲľȥˡҲãԵһлСӡ鷳ĿǶ֪ʵǳǿʲô̶ȡڶֻһˣóսкܴܻ
˷У˭ʵǿ˭õ鱦ⷨӹƽܱȺһϣսá
Ҷѵıˡ
ڻʿ׷󲿷ȻĶˡ
ãȻҶ˵ˣҲҶѵĳ⣡
ʿͷ˵ʿѾĶҲ޷ֹֻ˳ˮƲ鱦Ĺ
طֻɣǿֻʿһˣ˳Ѫ֣ȴ
Ҷƽ
ߣǳȥš˭սģ¡
ʿɫ飬ת뿪
Աλָ޺ʿɻ֣᲻ˣʲôƣҪûߣ
ħ½Ļʿۼֲˣȥ汻ˣЩħʿװǧ꣬ҲûȥҪ鱦߰ɣ
ʿҡҡͷ
ʿӰһһȺʮˣ֮ǰһͨ뿪֡
½½вٻʿ뿪֣вǿߡ
ڳлʿȥǼδ¶ĳ鱦˶лᣬֱ˼սΪֹսȵսԽ٣Խɡûжٻǰս
һδĿһҶأһţ뿪Ѫ֡
ʿѪ棬ҵط߳ʮ׷ڰбĿȴŴڶ
ǿⳡƻ൱ǻʿȱĺʱ䡣

ǧѪֵģֻҶغһʿȻлʸҲֻǶҶۿս֣ʿҲǷڳ
³ˡҶѣҵʵǻ㣬Ȼǻ㵫ǲǰŸոջɽ٣ҴѷʤûһչֲʤȰ鱦óҿҿһۣк֮ô֮࣡
ǻʿΪЩªħʿ˳ƺţҲΪ⣬ɴԴΪԳơ
ֿط촽֪֮ҵʵҲ൱һ㣬ܺĶʤΣ鱦䲻ҵС滹дȺǿĻʿأҲֻȶΪ죬Ǽʲô鱦ѣʮ׻ʮ߰˽ףߡҲʡ٣Ըʿ
ŶǵõȻңʸ񿴡Ҫ˵ֱø㡣Ϳжٱ£
ҶЦٿŰ˱ɽ˫ֱأ䳰


695 һȺʿĳĬ
ֻǲķɲ㡣Ȼ붷ұ㶷һ
˵ĻˣһУĴͨ
飡ȥ
һȣһŵɫڰУҶضȻȥ
һۼʮĽ׷飬ƳһϵͨöֻȭͷСңһɽء
Բ֮ڣһƬһж֮С
ȥԴݻһɽ塣
Ҷƺδöٿذ˱ɽΧԭδû̫Ӧ
˼״ɴϲһҶصķɽ˲佫ҶصСͨɽķ顣Ʒ׵ľ޴޷ֲģսʤɡ
ҶʱͻȻһֵ˳һۣƺһͬ顣
ʲô˼ңҽ򵹣˭ͬ˭
ƼҶصɫ۽ǲ΢΢鴤һ£еаӿзȫ޷˵ĺҶء
Ҷظûð˱ɽȥֵ飬ȥɽȻֳǰһӡ鶸Ȼؼʧȫ׵ʧƺδֹһ
ô£ҵأ
˵ʶȫʧȥϵȫһڿճס֪롣ͨδʿȡ
Ҷ΢΢Ц˱ɽʱ˲佫ãȻʧĳ˸ѹڵ
öѾϸϡ
ǰֶΣϸֱȡзķⱩ¶ϸĴڡħ½ʿѾ֪һǿ鱦ҲûҪٹڡ
ϸ׵ĺ֮£ö鱬ѳɴŨ
Ĵͨ˴ʮ֮ãԱҶҲ˳֣ɴת
һԵĻʸף֪Ҷصϸá
סеİء
С࣬ȥϵĴҲˣҵ鱦ΪʤĶעҲóȫĲƻΪʤۡˡ
Ҷƽ˵
֮ǰһֱŮħ½ΪʿŮóΪԪӤڣ㰫һֵĵλ
ǰǰڱСˡ
ԹĿҶһۣСǰȡ˵Ĵ
һʿǺΣյġ
Ҷؿɲñȥðա
ҵ顭
һƬңɥʧ˴֮ͨ󣬲δЯļʹηȡ£Ҷصİ˱ɽĲϣûзıǮ
ⳡɱ㣬ʿҲ޻˵Ҳɱ㡣Ѫ䣬κ͸¶ҴսǰκϸڣһУսܺʧģұȥ
Ҷ
ҳѪģսǰκϸйΥģ𣡡
ѾҧԼָǰջһѪ䡣ܿ죬ǵѪ佥ڣʧΥԣѪķ
ʹζҶء
ͦȥɣ
Ҷʶ̽һ´ĵͷ˰˱ɽ
˴һͨ뿪Ѫ֡
ҶֱӽʹƷħԪԭϡȫתƵϸڣ׺ѽΪ
ϸڵƲ㣬ԭѾݽߡ
ڵõĲ䣬γʮɴƬƲ㣬׵£γܼԪꡣ
ҶصԪԪУųޱȵԪ
㣡
̶һҶصĻΪٶȱֱ廯ڵ߲㡣
ϸռҪﲹ䣬ԽԽãҶһʱҲ֪ȥܵõӴʡʿϵĲƻΪۺԻҵ鱦ΪۣеԵսԭ

Ѫ棬ʿڵŽʿľһ𣬵βնᵽǼص鱦˿̼˻ͷĳʿһ֪˰ҶصС
ˣôôͰˣƼСǼʲôûУ
һ´󺺳Ц
˵ĵλ൱£ԵҲãûмλʿһ¡
֪ʲô鱦Լȥư
һˡ
ûҶص鱦·Ҷظչһա
ĺüʹһͨƵСͨѻɽħԪħԭϡʯȫ䵽Ҷصϡ
ϰĻʧأĶҪѪˣ´󺺾ȻЦ
Щ鰭Ѫ䣬˲˵
ûѪ䣬Ҳ˵
ƾʲôôù
Ҫùһù˶Ҷظչһգͷ֮ޡ
˺޺޵ĵǳЦĻ´һۣĵ׻жͣбȥ鱦ȡҿҲòȥ
ҲãҽȥƣҶмɱ£ܽôܡ
Ǻ´ûгɣһ䣬㳯Ѫڳȥ
ڻʿȴ
Цһ£һطϯضſϷ
ܿ죬ֻСʱ
´󺺳һѪˡ
׻ˣʲô
ˣôܵģ
ܵݣ
мʿǰѯʡ
󺺴ʱȴƵģһԲһطĬ£һҡͷ֪ҲԡҪγˮı˼޴˵
ôˣ
ڻʿǷ׷ײ졣
׻˴ʱ飬Ѿûֺĸ߰ǰѪսҶأӦ˸һĴ̵ۡܶʱھͰˣǲδˣҲûкķѶԪܵĺ֡
ȻǰܡôܵģߺߣǽȥһȻ֪ˡ׻ˣ㻹Цó֮ǰȻЦңıҲ˶ѣ
Ц
㣡֮ǰΪʲô˵
´󺺴ŭݺݵ˵һۡ
뵽ʲôֽĻ˻ȥѪ䶾ģй¶սκӦҲһ޷˵
Ҳ׹֮ǰΪʲô߳ŭǸģκһˣܵĪұʧʮꡢϰʵĲܵĴҲܵҪ
ʿǶħ½ưһĶʿǲа
˺׻ʵϵͣҲûʲôȻսΪǿĻʿѪڣҶؽսȡ鱦
̶̵ļʱ򣬱ʮʿȺ˴ڡ
ȥʱǼһǿᣬҪôоԵİգԼܲˡ
ǳʱȴǻͷɥҲûк׳Ĭԡ
ЩսܵĻʿ֮żһۣȻĸеУһ֡ͬĸоͬսܱܶΪһʿϵķڴʲƻ˸ϴһգһֳ衣ڣǴﶼһ˲ƣ˭ҲûʸЦ˭
սܵĻʿҲЩδȥʿֻֻĿŽȥĻʿһһͬùļһ


696 Ծ
ŽѪֵĻʿ࣬սܵĻʿһһӴ
̶СĹѾʮʿ˳ȥȻͬĻʿͷĳ
һ⣬ǰܵļ죬ս֮ΪĳЩԭĬԣֻĿʿ֣Ȼһùĳ
ȥһսһаػȻʣȻôˡȥԶףḶ́ҳʹ࣬Ҳʹһ顣
ˣ˵˿Ҳô¡ȥĵ֣һ͸еڣ˻ζʮϰ꣡
ĭɣľ̸֮ĶʿҲȥ
Ȼˣ̸һ޹սϸڡ
˸໯ʿĺ棬ҪȥҶضһһ̽
ÿһʿѪ˳һǿҵĺ档
ڻʿδڣһһʿսܳн𾪣һֲ˼ͷ
֣ƺЩԾҶصʵֻºǿǿ
ҶһոնɹٵĻʿ֮ǰҵȴδŹ˿ȴĻһһڡʿ̶̰ڣѾʮʿСսҲȡã
ħ½ֶһʵǿĻʿ
ʿԺüʮʿ۵
֮ǰһֱĵǶʵҶءϾǧ꣬ʵڻʿ֮ڳףѶԸҶزոջɽٶѣǿҲǿȥҲû̫⡣ڿҶҲ򵥰һһֻǺаղŸ֪ˣ㲻ôӦ
ʿ˵
Ѿˣһһȥ϶ʤҶأȡǼ鱦ֻʿ
һ˵
һᣬ˿϶Ӳҽȥһһ۷壬սǿܲܽǼص鱦ж
ʿͷĿƺ˾ġ
ðգһˣ㳹ᵽ鱦
æȥһʤˣǳս¡ˣ˵ҶصĶ֣ǱһȥΧ
ΧһСȺͬʿͬΧȻ޳һ㣬ȥãһʮ鱦ǰα˭ָ˵Щʿʲô
Ҳã
ʿĿһתͷԶһ϶ԱĿĶ
޻飬ύѣ˵ʿһǰ̸ύΪʿǳĵĮ鵭Ҫָ㵱ͬ￴
ʿһɶݹȥºЦ͵ܣڴ
£
˫ĿִڻҽϣĮȻ
ҶڰѾʮڡʿʵ»ʿҲ޷Ϊֿһ£ԸԸ֣ܣ
ʿ˵
ʮ˶ѣܰѻʿҲһһܣٳֲ١
ޱ顣
ȺʮڡʿաҶصʵӦͦǿǻûǿ̫׵ĳ̶ȡٶ˵㹻Ļܴ˵κһʿ
Ȼ͵ôģҲգǾٵȵȰɡ
ʿüͷ
ӣҲֻĵĵȥˡ

һΣʮչȥ
Ѫ⣬ԵЩžȫûǰҵ
ڻʿڣһû뿪
ǣǵ֮ĻʿѾѪ֣ҶطᱦսǺźȥĻʿֻһʱͳ
󲿷ֻʿս֮ƻϴһյζ
ֻΪһԭ򣬿˭ܻҶء
ʣûнȥʿܶ඼ǻСʿʵǿʿǲûжٶǿģϾǵԸҲ޷һ֮սʤڶĻʿ
ϣܹҶصģʵֻл۷ˣΪڻʿ֮׵ʿԼħ½ΨһĹʿ
˲֣ʣһٶʿ̫ϣԸ֡
ѾлʿԸȥս
Ѫ֣ŻȻվճĻҽѪжȥ
ڻʿʱһ񣬷׷װ
ȫˡ
ҲУֻûܶսʤӵ鱦Ҷأ
Ǳֻʣһ취Χ

ĲĲ죬ǼԶһʮʮѪһСƬյءеĻҽһᣬڿյмҶء
㡭ھŲ۷壿
ŲϣҲ¶㵡ٶȺܿ죬ֻһڣȻΪŲ۷壬ʵħ½ԭҰûе֡
ǣǵһμʿͻ˻ֻ֮˶̶ʮձΪھŲ۷塣ΨһĿֻһҶеǼ鱦̫ǿˡ

Ҷص˵ĿڶǱҽϡ
˿е𺳣ڶ
ҽĲʣҷǳϤϸڵϵĻң׶޷Ҵݻ٣ʮϵԭϡ
һҽζţ˴ϸȡԭϣʥϸȡң˳ȥܰѻʯɽʵֲ
Ҷ𺳡
ɷñһǼ鱦
ԼоҶһϤϢһֱ֪Ǻ
µĻҽǴӺζĻʵ޷ɴ˽ɣ
Ҷزʵ
˽Ϊ֮ǹ˹ϵĴ֮˵һλǰʿáʯƶɣλǰΪĳЩԭδͻƸߵľ磬ԪǰڤתһھŲ۷壬ֻܷӳ˽Сһħ½һûܸ˽⡭֪Ǻ鱦ܷ֮⣿
һеĹŽĿˮҶأһһĳ˵
ҵʥ֮Ʒײ꣬;ꡣƺһռ鱦
Ҷóһö۵ĻҵȻѻҽ˵Ҳ̫СңöҵǴеõģԼϸᱩ¶ʵ
ԭʥԨӦǲ˴ŴħԨİɣ˵вٳʮ׵ʥӦõһȻ֪;ҵҪˣ
ĿһâԸоҵϢеĻҽм֮


697 뿪ħ
ʮգ໯ʿ˵߻ҵ仰û˭нʥ߹δʵߴ
ҶؽеĻҵ˵
Ǿһԡ
Į˵꣬鳹׵Į˫ֽջҽĽ
ɽ磬ʿֱշʿΪһʿòΣԶԶȲٿطԶ빥ߡ
ϲ̫ǿƣԵ÷Ƶ
ҶƤһĿŻҽоһɼǿҵΣա֮ǰڶ໯ʿûиоϢΣաΣգ󲿷ǱصĻҽ
΢΢һĻҽһ
Ѫֵɿռ䲢ûжŲĿռ䡣һΧᱻѪپϡ
߾
ҶĿһһӣȫֵ³һڴԪϣ
䣡
ҽڰ֮ϡ
һɲ֮䣬ҽĿֲڱƺػɫӰɽѹݹ֮޿赲ȻֻܷӴ˽һСֿµҲѾԻһлڵĶ֡
׵İ˱Сͨɽһ˲׷ױըѣݻΪһŷƬ

Ҷؼ״һ̾
˱ɽĲʣͻҽʵƷײ̫ȫ޷⡣ͬǻŲ۷ʿӵһɼӵһСͨս֮
ϧ޷ٿϸڵ׺ͻңҲܺͶһս
Ҷ֪޷Ӳҽ޿ƥеһ˰ɣͼͶ롣
սƺǿΪλô໯ʿУ
ֽ׷ɻ
Ҷпԡ
ڻھŲ㣬ǷͣСͨҲǿһ۷Ϊսߡȫϸȡڻʿеķܱƽڻʿ
ǶĻҽһֱУʶԦٿأ޷ϸȡ
ӵлҽĶ޷սʤġ
ⲻζҶػԴС
һԹۿսֵĻʸˣ
ǻʿ֮ĶǵΪ̫ȫ޷֡
󷨣
Ҷصͺȣһ˫ջ
쬣
Ҷ˲û
ڣһΪھŲ۷ġҶء
һܲĳΧ˹ȥ

һĿ΢΢һȻǻûķҲսǲᣬҲ⵽ˡ
һɨ̴ƵǸ
ߣ
ҶصֱӼһķзϻʸѪͨѪ֮ȥʥȻҲΣյѪڡ
ҶػһѪֵһͨӶȥ
ȥ׷
üҶص⡣δǸٵķһԭطɶʧ׷ȥҶ׷ȥ
ˣ
ͻȻлʿ
ڴʿ׷׳Ѫͨȥ
˭ʤ˭ܣ
Ҷˣѵˣ鱦
ٻʿڼҶصһɲǣ𾪡벻Ҷӵг鱦ȻҲˡ
ԣҲ׷ˣ׷Ҷ
Ǽ鱦˭У
֪ܻҶУԸ⽻鱦ҲڶУ鱦֮󣬻ɱڣҶƵ
ʿĿɿڴ²⡣
ԣ˱ʣΧס
ʿȡ
ʮʿ𾪣׷׼ΪֱҶغͶͬʱΧȥ
ǸĻʿڳɣδϾǵв˳ԹҶصĿͷ֪ҶǼѾáĶƺҶء
Ҷһ֡
бƽʮͨƾʧȡϸڡ
鱦ҶУ
⵽ʮΧæӽֵͬʱ
ΧĻʿʱŷӦʱɫ䡣
Ҷһ˲䣬ѾԦзʮʿĺΧ
ҶȡıҪ÷
λѣ÷
ʿʧɫ
޳׷ʩչͨҶغȥһ޴ķҶ׷ɱ˹ȥ
ҶֻܶܣЩͨȹ̵壬޷ʶϸڡ
ҶؼԦзΪһâȫһ߱ܿϮķ
׷ں档
ʿʱҲѾܻһȺļĻʿֱ׷
ԭصĻʿȴһһܲҶǵȺŹС
ڻʿ׷뿪Ѫ֮
ҶصһŴѪڳһ£ħǷɶݶȥ
ҶصֻһҲǻھŲ㣬ǰħһ·ͨ衣
ҶʶٿصķħڵһСԺҵ似İϴ˺УضȥɣﻹˡѪ鵤һЩƷ൤֮С
ҶءһнЦ˵˵꣬Ӱڱ䵭ʧ
Ҷ磬ͱҪȥ
סҶؽʧӰӡ
ģ

ϰٵʿ⣬ħԨʡǵķٶ˿ҶҪҶزԳԪǿд߷зȫټɣͱ׷ˡ
ȥ
ʸͷ׷ɱһȺʿ齹
Ⱥʿᵽ鱦ݣħ½ֻ´ȥˡɽҲܻȥѴȺʿȥʥʮѶԸ½˵ĵ̣˵Ļʿһ֪ӵг鱦ϢͬҲ᲻һе׷ɱɽ֮֮
Ҷ˵ţҲĬ
Ĵ½
ͻȻ˵
ģȥ޵ĵ̣
Ҷؿһۡ
Ĵ½Ĺޣʥħ黯ʿ޹һĴ½ԽޣȺʿ׷ɱҵʥ֮ʱȥĴ½ܻ򲻵ѣڤֻسת
˵˴ЩΡ
ò׵õʥҶصУҶѾ˻ҵİأŵֱ廯ھŲ㡣ʮҲڵҶءȻ֮ǰΪ˻ҵΪУԹǿƵҶأҲֻѡ񳼷ϰףǿ߳Ҳûʲôġ
㿴أ
Ҷʵ
ģǸȥ
ʸá
á
Ҷ¶ġ
ҶؼԦзŻʸתٷ
Ҷȥİɣ
ں׷ڻʿһҶⷬȥļƣپ
Ĵ½ǹ֮̾أĻʿ͹޵ĴսĵĹޡڤޣǣЩʿǱվٱˡ
лʿ
ǻ·Ԩһħʿ˥ǧꡣҶе鱦ܱԪΪܸıħʿˡ׷ģҲҪ鱦ᵽ֣
ʿ۵糸ŭ
ͬΪھŲ۷壬ٶ
ҶµķзǴʿжģһͨ˻ʸˣٶҲ˿١
ʿһȺٶʿ׷ں治ϰݡһ鱦Ƕ̫ǿħ½Ѿûʲôܱ鱦и
жٶʿԾᵽ鱦Ѿ׷𣬸ԷԼأָս󱻴ʵ
⣬ΧʮԪӤʿ׷Щʲôɻ󽥽ɢȥԨһǧɥʧõ࣬ħ½ԪӤһΪϾĿ飬취ȹѹأҲû˼ȥ

ձ뿪ħǣħǳһۿڹһҶ뿪ħ½˴ʯܷܺǵͽʿԺޣͨ
Ϻޱ߼ʵĺ
Һãã
żеĺ޳ûɱȺޣúá
Ҷ磬㣬أ
һȾħѪɫꪣȵվڴס
촽򶫷
ǵЩҶº͵Цݣ뿪壬ҶǰҶϴţһһ߷СǴӽҪԺϵĿ籩ˣ֮ĺݡ
бЩУԺ֮л֮ȥ
Ҷһӡ
˼ƿĸ߽Ѫ鵤֮⣬һ鶨̣ħԪ
ץһѣԪһö۵Ļҵ
ҶԼϸòöҵҶذѻҵ档öҵͻضɣֻΪһ·һ⣬öҵá
ҵ
Ȼ֪öҵʲôǾβʥȡʥʮֱҶȥѾβʥð
Ҷϣȥдض൤
ĬĬš
ڻȥ;һ߷ø߽Ѫ鵤ضԪӤھŲʵɡڶɽ磬ʵǿʿǸʱİϲҲõСܵ衣


698 ڤ
Ĵ½ޱ޼ʵççɽһƬĺĹţԵ÷޷͸عƬء
ĹԹ˵˿Ƕ˵൱Ĳ
һĴ½޴ڵĹῪʼʴĻϵʿķڡʿһ죬¾Ҫľʴܻ
˼߻Ƭ½
ȻˣԻʿǿᷨҲںһʴ൱ʱ䡣
֮أ洦ɼڶĵͽ顢ãĿĵε
Ǵ䵨СԹԣһз紵ݶ㾪ӴܶأȵһƽŻٶðͷĴƮ
ȻǧС顢֮Уżǻᵮͷ׺顢ǿͼۣռһƬء
Щǿ֮󣬱ὥΣָԭòһͷ׺ݵǻ꣬һͷЫӻ꣬һ߻ꡣ
Щ֮⣬Ĵ½ǿĻݣԼΪڶĸޡ
ɽʯһͷͽ׽𵤼ʳŪʯ鸯ݣѰҿʳĵͼ۹
һƬ﷽ԲʵҲһСĹˡ
ͻȻ̧ͷðŹ˫ͫ򶫷һɽ롣
꣡
ᣬƺᵽİϢʱ䱼ɽ롣
ǿһͷԪӤĸڿżͷ
Ƕʱס֪˲ǵĺݽɫ֫ŵô
̧ͷƹһۣһ˹ȥ
ء
ǱԶһתΪһâ֮زز
Ҳȥ׷вûꡣͷ̫ɱҲղ֮
ԱߵĲԶһʿһŮӣԼһ޸߰ŮӣɽʱЪϢ
Ҷءʸһʿ
ʸں;УȺ࣬ͻ˻ھ硣
Ҷصĳ֮£ôĴͨɹ˻١һͻƻ֮Ϊ˳ˣҶصԪǶ׾ٵĵ˻ڡ
Ĵ½ֻһСʱ䣬Ĵ½ΧĹﶼȽϵͼ
ͽ׹ˣæܿ
Ϲɵмأڤ½һ޴Ѳ֪ڤӣĻƮڤ֮ϣڤܹĻ겻ִܵڤӾͷֻسأܹתֻء
ҶЦ
תޣת֮ǻʲôطǵǰһ
ʸգһ˫
֪ˡɵ֮˵תֻػᡮ𡯣ǰļ䣬ת޴ӵ֪ʥ˵黹ܱһ˿䣬ӦиݣҲðա
ҶҡͷˣȻתͷ˵Ҳ黹ݣΪת׼İɣ
ţҼڵؼأ˵ܱסļ䡣
ͷת֮ǱҲ仯һ˵ת֮ǰΪȽԽߣתиߵļʣǱʳɫʿתԪӤʿתõǱȫͬʿɥʧתֻҪԪδԹҲܳΪɡ޶ɽ̫ѣתͶ̥á
ЪһС
ͻȻ̧ͷգͫ¶ڹ棬
ҶԶȥüħһ·׷ģᵽ鱦ǲϰˣ
ѾͨоʮɻкʿǿϢڿٱƽ
Ĵ½ʿʶ⵽ǿѹƣ޵ʶ
ﻯʿҶغΡ
Щʿ֮УһǱ֪ĶɽѾѶԸʿһȺͨ˵Ļʿһ⵽ǵΧǱɡ
һ·ϣüβ㱻ǸΧ½ɱ
Ҫʱû󷨣ɢǵΧ£Ĵ½ˡ
ǰĴ½Ҳ֮١ħ½½ɽ硢磬׷ɱᱦĻʿʥҶصʵ޷Ը˶Ļʿʥ
ߣ
Ҷ˸һ
âԾһţŶȥ
ܿ죬һȺʿԦҶصͣɽϷͣʶ²̽
ҶϢ
ʿϢ
֣˵ѾĴ½ĸءǰ»Σաǻ׷ȥ
׷ΪǼ鱦κδ۶ֵá
ʿĿĴ½
ƬŹĴ½ߵĵ̣ԽĴ½ԽԽյĹЩ̾ڴ˵ǧڤƬĴ֮

Ĺ֮УӤ
ڤ߾ݣѾ׷Сʱɱ
ŮʿӰڰУΧһڤ߿񹥡ǧɵľڤߣźɫۼףͷоף׺ݵſ޿ڣ¶ͼ˺ҧеʿ
ľѾն˰ףſԴڵϣֻʣһ׻ڹ
֮У׹
ҶӭС
ʸһƿڤߺ࣬һ˫˲ڤһͷ­ͣЪڤ߾޴Ȼڵϡ
ܿ죬ΧһЩСĻ꣬̽ͷ̽ԣΧͷ޴ڤ߷ʳһʢ翪ʼˡ
Ҷ˺˲СľŽɵ
ͷڤߣֻһͷڼڤޣѾʮѲ֪滹ʲô
Ҷɫ֮䣬¶ֵǡ
ͷڤߣ˵侪һֱֻͣ£ɱ
ɱڤߣͿշС
֪˶ãһڿһӡ
һĺɫĳӣããɽϣԶ
˸Ĺâ㣬ɽ˲ŷ֣ںƯţâյķǻࡣӵڤڻ
ڤӱԵڤޣȽѾ൱ߡ
Ǵ˵еڤӣ֪ﳤڤ֮ӣڤ֮ˮ֮ˮܽһи𣬰ꡣˮ꣬ʹСɢ
ʸ̾
ڤ˶ڤҲ֪ģ
ҶЦ
ౣ
գһ
Ҷһ̧ͷȥԼһͷģľǺ֣ëȫɫ
޷ˣ
Ҷؼѵһ¿ˮϼⶼоԶ
ڤڴڤأȫɫֻһͷڤǲֹ֮صģ
ʧ
Ҷءʸ໥һۣȫ𺳡
ֻͷ峤ɵڤѾջ䣬ڤӱߡ
ڤ֮ڤӱ֮أеĴСڤ޶ڵأڤһ㣬岻Ҷ
ȻڤޣڤҲİȻĿɨڶСڤޣһȣеȽߵһͷʮ׵ڤڵϣǰʼʳĸԪ
ͷڤĵɥƤڵһڤʳ
ڤʳ֮󣬻ڤӱߣͷˮһڳʮڤˮڤĻ꣬ʳԱ㣬չȥʧߡ
֪Ҳ֪ȥ
ֱڤʧڤӱߵڤ޲¿ʼָ֡
һĻ𺳣Ҷءʸͷɢ
û뵽ڤӣܼһͷڤͷڤʵֻ¸޷Ҳû𣡵ͽڤޣ޷֮
Ҷ̾Դͻƻ񾳽֮󣬻ǵһθоԼ˵СȻѾǻھŲ㣬ͷڤǰҲֵһᡣ


699 תֻأ֣
ͷµڤֻ⴦ڤ;Ъˮѣδûһͷ߽ڤ޿ֲֿ´
ڤӶϣСС
ڤĴ½ġ˵ȥĻֻ꣬ҪɢģڤӡڤΧĹ̫࣬ҵȽʵߣڼڤ޲ʼ
ڤ޵ĹԼǿһڤ޾ϣʮ鷳
ҶҲҷɵ̫Щʿ׷ʮֽ΢󣬱ױ׷ϡ
˷¡
ǰһ
ڤӵľͷһ
ȻǺǸޱߺ嫵ĸо
ĵĺһ㲨ԣѤõĹԣۼеĹâΪһǧɵĹ죬ġ
ľͷ
˺ĺˮ峺͸Ǻİס
˺ľɫڤӲ֪öٱǴ˺Χûڤ޻ֻسأһֻسڣ㲻ٳȥЩڤ޲ֻء
Ҷߡ
˵ִ֮ʱһȺʿѾ֮⡣
ֻسˣ
Ҷؼڼ˺ĵһۣ˳
ʸվںߣ̾Ǵ˵ֻ֮أĺҲȲֻسһְ֡
һѣǵǰ֪˶ٳĽѣ
ҶվֻسرߵһɲǣȻһٴ˵صĸо΢΢̾
ͻȻıԪ֮УΪΪ١תޱһ٣ѡԵΪ֪Σ޷֪
޷ֻҪһٶΣ
ʸЦ
˸һ黹ݡ
ҶǣŻʸֻ֣سڡ
ʸ峺˫Ҷء
ֻس֮ˮһմȾˮǿʴԪԪڵǿԪʼС꣬ȫϾ
Ҷصļ䣬ڽʧ
ƽĿűգһЦһ򭣬ӡԼĵ㡣
תֻ֮ʧϣǱһ˿䡣

Ҷصڣ쬵ķɳһɵĻϹ⣬ϸ
ŻϹڣԳһ磬ҲҶصԪһֻͬسء
ϸƷ׼ߣֻس֮¡
ֻسֻسصķ
ϸҪԽֻسأɲǼ䴥ֻسصķ
Ȼͬķ˳ͻ
䣡
ϸڲĹ򣬿ʼϵĽ䣬ҲڻûΪһöҵһùһžһͷãɸǧٹ֮
һۺ׷Ļʿ
·ӡ
ǾβʥڵݲҲ޷Լһߡ
ҧ黹֮ԾֻسڣԪϣһͷβԪҶϸĿһȥͼȥϸ
Ǻܿ죬ɫ¶֣һɾ޴ǿϸڡ
쬡쬡
ʮʿ⣬ֻسصıԵǱֻس𺳡𺳲ûάֶãܿ챻һɸİպͷŭ档
ɶǼ鱦Ҳֻس֮УһתӴ˱ؼ䳹ʧҲҲκټ
ʿŭ
ֻسأܴ鱦һͬת𣿡
ʿ
ǰľȴǲòɣǼ鱦Ҷһͬתˡ
²Ҫ˵ǣҶԼеԵɡΪԪϸѾһ壬ҲΪԭһ
ʿһȺʿǧ࣬һ·׷ɱڤӡֻسرߣȴҶصѾֻسʧˡֹףûκ޴Ѱ
ȫ׵İǵ׷ɱᡣ
һȺʿۣջûܳɹڣǱĴ½ټѵɱȥ뿪֮ءصħ½֮󣬻ҪʥԼһͷԨٵ֡
͵ܣҴжᱦʧˣٻħԷʥûϮħ½ҪԸʥ֪͵ǷԸ֣
ʿ
ʥѾãȻʥȻʿ࣬ǲǿߣʥΪǣǿŰɡǧڣδͻƻھ磬Ҳڴֻسأתޣֵ֮£
ĮĿãŻҽҲڻʿתԷŶȥȻ᲻Īĳ鱦ȺʿһҲ洦Уϣͻƾ硣
ʿһȺˣֻĿȥ
ʿ̫°ˣѵʹʥħ½
ʿһŭ
߰ɣԴԨԣħʿʧ̫󣬲һ֮ؾ档
ʿҡͷ
ϥڻҽ֮ϣƪƾ硷УݺᣬȴأΨҶУ
ֻسأһδͻƻԪľ׹תֻء
֪һǷлԵһء
֮;ҪĿһɣһСÿһֻأøǿǧأһܿɾ;

Ժɣһβ֪˶ꡣ
½СķңսݣΪݴ½ɵ˥䣬µɽ緢˾޴ı仯
ݴ½
ݡ
ĳ壬һƽũլԺ
ˮҪˣ
ڽŴд¡
ۡ
ãһӤ۴쳹
ϲǸСӣ
ܿ죬һűֵٰЦǺǳ
ӳˣ
⽹ȴŵһׯںӶʱϲæǰסӤ
һºӤ¡
ũլԺں¡ϯ
ҶͬյݣͬĽ˼ң¾ƣΨһһλ˽Ҳ˹
ϰָϲͷ
ׯںӺЦ
㣡
ͳԵɣƽ㣬Ҳм׼
һΣָһȻʲôҲ㲻
ֻԾƳԶͷˣҲΪ⡣Ҳð׳˼һپϯһӣ޵֣Ϊֲؽ¶ͽҶɣСطûϢ꣬ȥԺѧָܻͷء
ǧ֮⡣
һɽŴɡ
棬һŮͯʿ׷أסյݷ裬и߽ʿķɴɫѻɽóһСƷڵͽʿ˵Ǿ˵ı
ϲǰʦ֮Ϻ񡣾Žҩ꣬С񣬲ɾ⡣
棬ϲǧĸϰƷǧ
ӣŵӣǰ֮ˣﲻ
лλǰϲŮʵ˿֮£꣬͡õ
ŴһʿӣɫЦ
Ӣ
ʿǸλ£鹧
ŰÿպķޣЩϲðŮ˵ֵһᡣ

صϸԽֻسأ򲻶ݻûɸǧٹ֮գûΪһɸŻᣬӡһֻС
ɸŻֻسڳ𣬻ʣ֮ĳǼڡ
ɵĹ½
µĹ¿ʼ
ʮҶԺѧգõһݹŻᡶɸ̤µ֮á
ȫ꣩
==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================