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ʷϵһ ߣڤʹ

ݼ飺
Խˣҳһ֮
ƺֻƺ˵㣬Ҳ˵㡭
ʦ֣ʦ˵ˣ˱ɵξͽˣΨһͬʦһˬ˵Ļ͸Ͻ֮λøҰɣ



һ 


001 
㱡ѣǰһƬڣҶڵĸооԼ֫ͺһص̱һ
֪ʲô飬ͬʱҲ벻𾿾ʲôԭԼġ
ǽؿڴľʹһ𣬽žһƮƮԼʧصĸоűײԼߴľ΢ָһЩǡ
飡
ղֺһĸоڵҶĸоµֵۣø˵ܹоԼĴˡ
ֻ״ƺôãϵʹΣ⵽ղŵһʹ΢һС֮ٴ㱵УԼܺܿͻٴλعڰС
УһװȹŮɫӵĿԼҶһ˲ˣԼǲˣһŮԼĹɣĪ뷨
ԼûüЦһԼĪ뷨ʱǰٴһڣȻһε˺ڰС
ҶĻȥ֮һͻȻǰдֱֱͱҶ˹ȥǸҶĵӵŮгǳᣬҶĵİӿ˵ϣҶĻûô¾Ļظˡ
ʦȻԣĪҪϾɱװŮӽгһᣬüơ
ǸոһƽҶĴ˳ȥҪǰȥһҲŮӵ˵ǰ
˶Ƭ̣ӲŽдһ˦ڼЦŮ˵ЦˣǱ䣬ȴģֻʤԷ֣ͷ
ʦԻԼ
԰սгջؽʵУȻߵ赹ҶԱߣһĿƬ̺ų̾һһ߼뿸뿪
ͣ硰ɽţйŸֻоͽСӸڵأļһҲܳΪһ֮𣿡˵ģоͽԼɵĵҲûдڵıҪǿϧǸŮˣû뵽СȻľɫ
ȵȻкǸӣеţʦΪʲô֮λʦ֣ȴ֪˭

еҶֻûܣҲͣΣЩֺǽͬһ˵飬ֻĺܲᣬ޷Щ߰ϵһ
ΨһܹǵñȽıһЩŶΣҲǰľйء
Ϊһʮβͳɳ֮Ҷģĳɳûʲô
԰ѧǰࡢСѧѧѧûĻʵ֮ͽʽῪʼһµ
Ψһ󲿷˲ͬҶĴСͺ䣬ñڴԺúѧϰ֪ʶΪֵҶΡ
Сʲôֵ̫ȭѧûзŹȻܶط̵ĶǻӸǼܲסСӸĳȥ˴ܶŹԼľ顣
һֽҶ⳵ȥ֮أһȲ㴳´
˵ǣС;ҿ˴ѧڴѧҲ͵ûٴʲô
ֻǣû뵽ǣڼҵʱѺɢ֮Ҳ֪ʲô飬ſ۾Ҷػش˺һ֮޷ԼĻǰϵһ
ӴӣӲĴȴûеŤ˯ûӲŻһʲôо
һĪһѣоô⡣
˿ԼԼƺͬ־ǰ˫ԼϤһֱע⵽߲Զͭŵõһ׼ȷĽۡ
˭ͭӳĲԼϤӣȻ˧ǰԼеʣȴûаˡ
ӾϷϢףԼѾǸԼϤġԼˣȫĪ±һˡ
ģѵ˴˵еĸ崩
˰ΣλĺըʱڵĴͬʱҲԼǰǶݵѡ
ԣһﱻ˴ˣһ˲ҽӹ壡
Լ˫֣޳ϸ۵˫ȴһϼ룬ǻλϵϼʮֵԡ
֮⣬˫ҲûʲôرĵطˣҪ˵˫ֵҶûȲǰԼ˫νͷȭͷ
˫һҶĵעʳָϵöָ˹ȥ
ΪֻһͨΪûκλƣҲǽ֮Ҳû̫
ֻǸղһȭͻȻоԼʲô档
ʲô
û׹ôµʱֻԼǰһͬʱһ鱡ĲƬͻȻֱߣƮƮȥ
Ҷ˺һΪԿԿ϶ԼûκεĶͬʱԼҲûжһأô鲼ƬǴðأ
ĿͣǸָ棬ΪоƬǰһ˲䣬Լʲô˹ȥԼͲǺܺõеһѡ
ĸòҵѪɣ
Ѿһģô긽崩ҪҲҶĶԼ׼ĵڶϧԶδ֪Ŀ־ԼСżĽ
ȷԼܵв£ŻǿѾ䵽˵ϵıƬ
ָժ֮Ҷϸ˸ղŴָĵطȴûзʲô쳣ҲûпԳѪ˿ڡ⣬ҲûָڲҵʲôѪ֮Ķ
û״Ҷ΢˵ģͬʱָָ˻ȥֱʱ˼ȥղͻȻðĲƬǸʲô
ҲעҶĽ쿴ǸƬʲôָϵͬʱⲻķű˿
ڶоһƳĹװ˶һҩ˽һ򿪣ҩǴ̱ǵζҶüͷ
ͬüͷĻжҩŮӣҲû뵽Լʦ־Ȼôָܻ´߶ĵزڶʦֲԼͬʱҲһ㾪ȡ
ʦ֣˻ûȫãô߶ǣอƼؿô죿
ûϵģҸоҵûʲôˡϧҶĵ̫첲ʾԼްزʹһʹͷ亹
㾰󣬹װŮֻε̾һȻҶ·ش֮ϡ
ʦ֣ؿŵһƣѾ˵อȻû֮ǣҲúõſɻָʡʲô
һ˵ţһ߽ҩݵҶĵ£ͬʱͣĽҶܵˣаʱ򣬷ԺҲһ˿ڣǱŵһƻɵʱײʲôͷʲôʣ
һűҩһԴ˼״
ԣҶĴԽһƻ߸йŴĻУǰŮӦúԼһɵģԼʦá
ֻǣӶԻܹʦƺԼѺãһԼ屻һٳˣʦ˵ȴ˿ûй˼Լĸܾܿĳ
ǰĲôҲ֪Ǹʦ᲻ҳͷ
뵽ҶľԼӦô̽һЩϢ֪һЩԼɵ
ûʲôֻǺö벻ˡʦãİǻصɵУ
⻰һڣǰŮɫúǹŹ֣ͬʱҶĵҲĲڣԼ˵ʲôĪ˵ʲô
ʦ֣ĪˣǳȶǵѾûˣ˵⻰ʱһ޷޲ƽӣ˫ܷܷȻɷǰȭͷ˵Ѿ˵顣
Ϊ˱ȶȴûˣҶĵԴһʱûת䣬Լ˺Լʲôϵ
ǡ
ҶĵʻǰŮȣղŭʧʦ֣ĪǱɵŰ
ơţ
Ҷĵɫѿղŵȷ뵽ܣֻû뵽Ȼʵ
ԼʦֵķӦαŮȷԼʦ̫أǵ֢ˡʦ֣ɻǵԼ˭
ҡҶĿ˿ǰŮӣ֪ԼһɵšλŮԼıʦ֮⣬ɶ֪ԭʲô벻
ģԽʱôͲܰļҲһˣ
һ߸ţһ߿Ц˾䣺ҡ˭
ԼʦʻŮɫĿ¸ʹࡣһ뵽ʦȴòǿ¶һЦʦ֣Һˣʦǰȥ֮ǰ֮λ㣬Щɶǵã
Ҷһʹڤ״ᶨҡҡͷ
Ůһɻǵңʦð

Ҷһ죬Щһλ˹ȥǰʦõĿЩϢ뵽һµĿܡ
ȫɾʣˣţʦã
Ҳɣ
ҶһɥĳΪԼǸɶ˵ĳš
ֵصǣʦһֵĴһ䣺ʦҶһʦɽ¼Ĺ¶СϲΪġ
Ҷģ
Ҷû뵽Լ˾ȻԼͬͬգֻԸȴ޴Լȡ֮ȴҲ֪һǲҡ
ʦȫ
ȻѾʧˣҶҲ⽫ʧеףʲôҲ֪ʲôҲû˹˼
ѩѩᵽԼֵʱƺʲô֮ʱûǰǰɴ䣬ѰŮһɬ
ҶֻǹʱŮӲú˽Լ䣬ɬȴ֪ѩСӰ㣬¸ɴʱŮӽȻͬԳڣԼֻǵԼʦְԼġλִСϲҲǰ׿ģ
ֻЩԳ˹Ҷֲ֪ϸԲûо֣ѩҲܿרĵĺԼλʦ̸ֽ
䣬ҶڸԼڵ״
иʦǰˡ
ɽɽɣԼɽšǰǱȶ˺󣬽Լƺ͵Ƥһˡ
ɾˡԼǰʦá
򵥵˵һԼƺǺѺõʦ⣬ʲôҲûС
״֮ԣѩԼʦͷ˵ϡƺֿԼǸûֲϽʦ֡
ʦСʲôȲԼ书Լʲôƫƫϲűûꡣ
ƫƫʦҲ֪ΪʲôһҪŵλӴʦ֣ΪԼŵģͬʱҲԼԽɽɷ
ϧ
ĪֻԼŮŽӣѩɵýԵ뵽ȥ
ǲѵŮ˾ͲܳΪһ֮𣿸ο񽭺֮УŮΪȻȴҲ٣ҲЩŮӽյĴɡԼССķ㸯ɣ
ֻʦΥʦȥǰָ֮λʦ֣ҲΥʦµҲֻѡʦʦ֣ʦ˵ˣ˱ŵξͽˡ
ҶһЦãΪ⻰ƺǻûʲôӦԼòɵʦþ˵һĿɿڴĻ
Ļ;콫֮λøҰɣ˵겻ҶηӦתͳ˷䡣


002 ؼ
ĿԼıʦƮȻȥҶһ˲е㲻֪롣ȻͲԼʦöԼĹ۸пܲãҲû뵽ԭԷ˼
Ҫȡ֮λ𣿡벻׵ǣΪʲôɴֱӽɱ˻ֱӷˣ
ȥֻóһʦûûΪһŵλɥĲ̶ֳȣΪۣ֮Ҳ벻ˡ
ڰǰȴҪԼıʦûĶλûҪ鷳ղЩûĻôԼʦ޼ҿɹ״̬
һеԵɾΪԼԭڱ䵱б˴ܣ˶ԼԼƲ֮⣬ǿפҲһ˶Է
һеԵɣΪǵɽɽɣ
ģɽ˭˭ˣּҲţʲôˣΪʲôô˵ս
ҶĲ֪طͽɽأԱߵɽҲɽɽɵĴʦڽɵǸͷɽʲôֵĵطɽҲ壬Առɽɡ
ĵҲΪһЩͷҲɽš
ֻĺԽĲǰս㣬ɽҲ˲ٱɻߴֶ档
˶ˬССռԾ˱ôһҲҶĽ崩Խɹ顣
Щ֪Ҳ벻ȶζ˼˼·ͬС
ƣʱһԣȹٺúԼǱʦʱƽϡ
ҪΪʲô˲õ˽øڣңҶҲûʲôòԵĵطһжİġ
İĻİˣԼǲڵ϶޷ȷϣȻܻȥǵʲô˲õˣԼʦû᲻ʲôѡ
ҪǵĽԼȥô򵥡
뵽ҪʼúõѰ˼һԼʱ
ڸղѾȷԼıʦԼµĳɽɵפԼһ֮⣬ʲôҲûˡ
һЩϸԼǮ֮ģʱӦöԼʦСʦҲ̫࣬ΪԼĻʲôĵطԼª
ȻЩҶϵУʹһֻʣСèֻôܲµɽҲûʲôʲοǱ˸ϳϼø޼ҿɹڡ
ĻԺǵ취׬ǮԼ
뵽ԼûԽĻʱҲΪҵĹⷢ㿴켣û̫ı仯ҪΪԼպ
ԭ磬ƺʺԼôԼǰҲѧٲ򣬶ҡս콭ĻҲҪԭǸСϢĶࡣոЩеЩҲñԼѧ١
һ뵽ҶĿЦѣû뵽ѾҲЩģȴ⣡Լͺֵ˵ЩҶֻܸп޳
ЦȭͷҶĲƳָϵǸָͻȻ˸ղŵϵǿ鱡
ˣ磡
𶯵ؿһۣ֨Ҷֵֹһƿô棬û뵽ȻôĪǴҵǴ˵е
뵽ҶĵͻȻԼԺڴΪôҲҲͬԼС˵Щһ߱ڸȥ
ʱɾٻȺ˵̵ı𣡡
ؿڣʹϵǿ鱡ô·Ҷľûѣֻ˳Աߵ£Ȼǿ鲼̯Լǰʲôϡ档
ôһҶֱӇˡ
ⲽҲһҳôҶһ֧ƾƬ̯浹һЩͼڳͬƣͬʱһ۾ܿŵġ
ԱߵСָùЩлʲôҪ㣬鲼ȷʵûʲôصĶϾûĶܿһ书ؼ
ҶĲο嶼һһۿؼѡֱӿһ׽ؼ
ҶķƬŴ֣ҲǱʾ书ƵĵطȻдţɽ߸֡
Ҳܶ˲֪߸ִʲô
ǶһԽߡһʱԼʱʱͺըʹԽ˵߸ʵ̫Ϥˡ
ΪС˵֮һЦһ鵱УɽɽڵɱУ׶ɽС˵ǽԿ׹Ĳˡ
οʢгڵЩһԽӹʮĲС˵ΪϷ׽Ҳںܳһʱǻɽɵıɱ
ҶģǳϲС˵ǡҲϷͬʱҲȷиǻɽɵġֻѡ˵ʱȽƧڶûùŽ
ⲢŽ˽⡣
ɽ˵ǽ˵ǽС
⽣һֻһУһʽһǳɡۣһʹ߷ˣȻǷϻ˵Ȼˣ
ֻʽһһһֿ׼ʹֺмܣ֮µıճ
ЦоԹڴսʱڵнɱ˲ڵӣɼȻȴȷЧ
ѵЦɽ
ҶĲҿ϶Ϊ⽣ȤȷϸĶндǶΣеҲ⽣ϸĲһ顣Ҳǽͬ
Լ֪Աһ£ⱡԼ֪ɽⱡܵĸ꾡;ϸֻҪ鱡ϵĽܣҶżûѧҲܽнɡֻʹͺ˵ˡ
űֲָɽȻһҶĽ׽ȫȫУⲻнҪʵʵöβԼҲסнӦʹá
ʵսѡʵĳʱǻҪ۸Ķս顣
֪ѾҹҶĽպúص˴ϼϢʱȴһ⡣
ΪʲôʦС˵е书ͻȻܵԼǰ
ΨһĽ;ԼǸŹֵָļǵԼбûжԼʱվλҲʲôųǴĿܡ
ͬʱԼԸоָԼȡʲôȻŻǸĳ֡ô˵ָĹŹ֣ôʱյʲôأ
ţҶͻȻ뵽ԼؿڵƣӶ뵽Ǵ˵е
Īָȡڵ


003 ָ
עȫеָŵָϣҶĺܿͷһҪ⣺ʹ
֪Լ徿ûϾָȡһҲƲģҲƲҲû׼
ģղΪʲôɹģ
ϸŸղôɹٻؼģҶҪƸղһ¸ղһС
ȭϸһҶļԼȭһ˲䣬ָͻȻͨԼӴĲλȡʲôȻŽؼͻȻԼǰˡ
עеԼȭϣҶĿʼȭԼ콫̵ʹ˿ǸָûʲôӦ
ֶҲûٴΡٻɹҶΪơ
ǣʼûгɹȴҶĵƢСһӾƢҶвײǽͷײǽҲͷľͷûѡǽѾָѾժûʲô״ʳָ档
ȻŸղǷ·ںԼġ޴оϾκһ߽ӶΪж޴иݴʵΪˡ
ҹĹȥԼԼȭͷҶҲڲ֪֮С
״룬˳ҶܹôľͷһǶڸոմԽԼĲģһִ˵¼ȻԼ˷ܾ
ȷԼʱǰȫģͬʱ˷ܾҲȥ֮󣬺ܿͷĳ˯˹ȥ
һֱ˯ڶſԭΪˣԵǵˮδҲΪ˳Զпֱ˯ϡ
۾ҶȿľϰŵĴ룬̽ܿŵࡣ
Ȼ̫嵭ҲûʲôȣǶڶ˵Ҷ˵಻ɽ亣ζջ϶١
ɻе㷢۵ؿڣҶ߹ȥھͽ˸⡣
΢˶Ҳо࣬ԴҲܹʼ˼ˡ
඼ˣһˣ
Ѿȷ˴ʱļڣ㲻ǸҲ컹ûԶȥ¶Ȳͣһŵ¶ȹѾһˡ
ԼǱʦõȷ̫ԼȻͲˡҲ޷ڵһʱ䷢֣
߶䣬ҶĺܿͷԼƺûбԹɣΪԼȻ˵İˣôҲǿ˼ƴԼ
ˣٸһȣ
һ룬ù˲٣ֻ˶ĵĽһ㲻ԾĲָΪȻҹոռµĶɽʱɾ
رȻʮΣĶнһᣬҶоԼһһůʼԼֱ治ͣ˶
ֺˮֱĸоее΢΢ȵĸоͷϳЩա
ۣϸֱů˶˫۲ãҶͻȻſ˫ۣȻһȵĿԼ֡
׼ȷ˵ǿԼʳָϵǸ֪ʲôƳɵָ
𣿡
߶һ䣬Ҷ½˫۱ϣȻŸղŵһУɹȷԼղǴ
ʹùһٻ޷ʹã
ٴ˫ۣȻݺݵĻһԼ֡
˹
ǡʱǸʦ˽һװлűͷĺʾλŮղӦ
ƿŵһ˲䱻һһէʦһ󻺹üͷʺһ䣺ʦˣоô
Ƴһ۷ϵĿ룬Լʦƺ񲻴ӣ˵óһжϣʦָֻĲĻǾͿԲסȥˡ
ţôҶĸʲסĻȥģ̾Ϳѩǽδֿüͷ
һͲµ϶ԼʦѾû˶ǮƼٲָҲֻӲ뿪ˡ
ЩҲͲٶΪʲôסȥ֮⣬׼ʲôʱ뿪
ϰɣѾˣ
ѩҲ֪̫˿ͷһʱ֮ҲҲʵסĻⲻҪ¶޽ͷĽҰ⡣
ڽŮ˵ʲô˵ģԼʦֻʺϷ¶ޡ
ֻǣʣµͭǮҲȷûжˣûɣҲ͵ڳû롣ȻԭɽҲûʣ¶ٲҵˣܹ黹ܳһٱЩԼʦֵǳҰһ˸ơ
˵еͭǮѾȫɼٽʡҲ˼ˡ
ǿԼʦõѴԼӦðŷֵϾһϡ
ҲҶĳէʲôæҲû˲鷳еⲻȥҲϾͰջʡһķǮһģϾҲ֪˻ָǵǮء
ǳ߰ɡҶĵķӦǺѩ⣬û뵽Լҵʦʱеˡ
ˣջĶҲˣʰʰ߰ɣȻʲôҲˣ
ȻѾˣҲûҪٶǲҶĵϰߡ֪ǰʲôԸϰߣҲûȤ֪ȻװʧˣôԸҲʲô˵ġ
򵥵ʰһ£ʵҲûʲôʰģһ·һСװɽɵһ伮ԼһЩϴһѳ
֮޶ѩҲ࣬ϴŵ·ȻɾȴҲܹǼͷľ·ˡ
ίʵĽҶԼҡͷֹɽҲȷǵˣûʲôڵıҪ
úöҶԼؿڣ˻ʹ֮⣬ﻹŽؼⶫıòСıܡ
˲͵ȥ֮⣬ҲԼȥ
ɣһٻ书ָȻֻɹһΣȷԺܷٻø书ǴӵõϢͿ֪һ¾ͿһΣһٻһùҲĸԵˡ
һСٻʲô񹦵ؼԺôôǸʱĪ˵ǹһССɽɣһͳҲûпܡ
ȻԼԲȥǴ˵еı䣬ٻҲ
ҶĲĺ˼⵱ѩѾ˱Ӻһ⣬ˮˮҶųȥ
ֱʱҶĲʶԭԼɽصĿջסšʱȥܿһΪĵضΡ
Լʦ˲飬ѩһ·ϻҶĽ˵ȥǰ治ԶиưܵԺȻңôǸڷ絲ĵضǶ˿պһҹհȥѰʵס
˵䣬ѾǰֻǲƵǽ͸©ĻԤʾţطƺѾ˱ˡ


004 ֽѧս
ưܵСһȺɫƵļһΧһյĲǺĻΧǻɢĿζ֪ܵѳһˡ
ȻڣҲ档
ѩҶĽʱ⼸̽ĿתϣиĿⶼѩϣ͸¶һЩͼеǲ
ֻڱȴûбֳʲô״Ȼ΢üͷȴûбκ˲վߵҶҲһû֡
ȼλи㣡
˵֮أֻôи󵽵˵У֪طǶԷУٻȴкĺãԱⲻҪĳͻ
ЩҶҲףֻǼȻԼʦԸͷҲֵһԲ˵ң۲ǰ⼸λԼ˵Ŀɲơ
ĪǴԽ߱뾭ŶΣֱֽѧսһ㡣
㸹̣΢ʹЩͷؿȻʹѾӰ첻ʲôͻҲ׸
ҲҶĵ뷨еԵСˣֻİĻɲСӦԣ˿Ҳȥ롣
οǰ⼸λ֣ԼʦõĿڽֱ˻죬ĳЩļһĶ
Ƶͻ飬ȻǴվе鲻еġ
οԼԽҪԼǸ绹ҵĵطʱһЩ˵ԼҲǲ˼㡪ƾԼűһΣٲҲû䣻Լȥջסϰ壬ҲûΪȥپʹſĳ
Ҷ֪һЩʷʶڱϼӹƣЩƷȱЧʱڻһЩȽϻҵ
ˣҶĴԼƶϾ͵óôһۣԶԼɽسǵǰ̫ƽ
·ϣҲòԼʦ̸۹ƣ֪ͳν׼Ȼλȹֻ̣ǸǿʲôҲǲٵģʱʱͻֳһˣλ˭˭ץסҲնɱ
ֻ£һȺ񶼲ƵļһԼǰɲҶĲСĽ
ԥǲԼʦ뿪طЪϢͼԼʦһקԼ䣬Լеһ䵱С
ѩԼĹţͲ⼸ζ״ļһʲô
ҲҶĵλʦУ⼸һﲻˣʲôͼٲýҪɱ䣬ȨΪˡ
ȻЩ뷨δҶ˵ǴΪҶľͲµ˸˾Ųʮ
ңҲҶĲµĲ˶٣ǼһﱾԼ˻ల£Ͼ˶ű·ʽԼ˵֪ˣҲ¡
ǵȵǼλֺ˵Ƴ˵֮׳˵ɫ
ȻҲпǷֵҶĴʱƺж㣬Դһֹ˼֮һȴǳֵҶĵǰݡ
СӣүˣɱˣϽɣ
һ˷ֳһѴ󵶣ǵҲʲôǵӿѾ˺ܾá
ǴҲƳ⺺ӿ²ǸöԸĽɫǵóǶ˽֣ôȴһûеվɼҪôǹӲҪôʲôΪ֪ıֶΡ
۴ĵҶĶ˵ʲôϢ
ҶĿˣѩҲĳϾѩĳɳҪҶĻҪӵĶ࣬ԭλʦ֡Ŵһֻʥ飬Щ鷴ôϤ
ѩеʦǸôıοҪǻ֢Լ˭ǲá
£˶׶༪١οʦֵĹ򱾾ϡƽˡ
ֻǶʹĪҪƺǺܱգָĿڣ㻹Ҹȫطɣ
룬ʦִӦãǲӦǸѰ죡ƫƫԼжϣλʦǲӦĿ⼸λ֡һͲõ⼸λسɷ𣬴ӴһƲΪˡ
֪Դӵ֢֮ʦַ·һһʱĻشǾȡ
ףǳͻֻܿˣùҡ֪ôԼ
Ҷѩһ飬ȴһˡʦʲôʱ˵ֱˣ
˶Ի󣬶Ǵ󺺱ੲݵ˵һЩûӪķϻ඼ʲôѾͷԺң֤ޱߣֻǡĪҪҲڣԼү죡
Ǽ˼˸ûƹԼļҲʼ壬Լʵе²
޸ûﰡ
һɤ󺺱дһ˾䣺ƲԳԷƣҽСʮ˾ſ飬ٺúʰСƤʱüֵһֺֺǣǽҶѩһԡ
Ҷĵǲ£ǾϷ֮Ը⡣ȥܶŹ飬Ůˣ⻹֪ٴˡ
뺷еŮ˻һ䣺ЩһҲڲƽ
ֻĿɲǵ磬һЩûǸʱôȽһŮҪϷ߷ߵĵͻᱩУǸǾ仰ǵȼѩըҩͰ
ûأѩеĳʶһƬ裬վһԵҶľֻǰһ׹˸ȻһƬƬĽӰͽǴ˵С
һ󶣶Ĵ죬˵ıҲ֪˲˶¡
˵һѳǾҲӲӲѩĳÿÿǻǺӴ󵶵͵һƺӲӲʵͷȴŴѧʡ
վһԵҶĿûۺˣԭȻΪ书Ҳô£ȻĶǼӦòԼѧЩ⣨ʵѧҲʲôĹ򣩡
ԭ֪УʦõĹ򼴱ԭҶǿҲǿ˶١ʦɱԼʦǿ֮λòغϡǸǶ϶һЩƬνеĶԱȴӶóĽۡ
ҶİҺûλС㣡֮ʱǴ׾ۿҪ޽¡ѩڲѷһҪŻŵĳԼֵ̫ӲֵǾ
ͼվڻѱϵļ৵ĳȻһѷĳ
ҲûʲôƫƫмǼѩ˲ˣԼȥҲûλãȻ΢һתԼˡ
İһû˵³أ
ֻαԹҲ޼£ҪԴж˳ִǽڵƶٳһʯ飬־˳ȥ
ʯͷһ֣Ѹײڶ֮ҵ˳ǰǸϡһԼûݻûü˵ͱΣڵ϶á


005 ɽ
УΧһŮӣдյĻ磬ɾǹŮǰÿδ󵶿ȥܻᱻŮеĳĵһԣȻȥƲֻǿȥĵطѾԼ뿳ĵطˡ
ַ֣Ůһʱ֮æӦԣҲû˷Ͼһͷ˽֮С
ߴ֣һ߾Եеˡ
Ҷ˳ֶһʯͷ֮Ѹֿһʯͷ۾ֱĶǰǼɷļһ
ȫԭʱµϰߣ˳ѰֵⶪȥȻŶԷҵʱǳȥһٱᣬתܡԼռȻ
һȴһԷƺûϵԼȻѡôӦ֮һһǸҵļһ
ģģ
̽̽ϢƿڴMDıСһʯͷˣֵı𣡡
Ҫ˵Ҳ㵹ùҲڵ߶ͼ˲٣ʿǲ֪١
кܶé®µëͷСҲǸ缸鷳˸ԼЩһҪôǰҪԼԵҪôֱӳԼӲƴмóɵҲȺһӣڣʾԼǹʿ
㲻ֱӾһ˦ļһһ˦˿ʯͷеͣЩӲƤ֪ҶΪһٵĴԽߣӵֱ߶ŹĴܾ飬ҶĿһпԶԼķó
Ӷ֮ǰҪһڡֲǺͺı䣬ಫĹͷûҪ롣
֪ϵ⣬̫ûҶĵķʯͷһغҲǵù˼ˡ
ˣ
ΪֻǱԼιȥѣû뵽ȻһӾͶԷȥҶҲһⲻӰϵĶҪϵʯͷһη˳ȥ
һμ׼ûλǰ㱻ֻסͷȻиָļһﶵͷҶ¡
Ҷģӳϵʯͷ֮˳ץһǶǽϲǴʯͷҲг˳һѻʯӿӲ֮£˳һһ߰ͷľƮ˹ȥ
мϸСɵ΢Щ⼸ûӦĺۣһƿڴСӣMDҵ۾TM޳ܣеүүıȻ
ޣ˲ӳ˼˵ʲô
ҶЦһ䣬һֱĳʱҲѾ˳Ⱥ˱ԼȥĳߣҲǻعὣͳȥ
MD첻ɱǣӾ͵ñɱëֲûˣ
治ͣԼгоһĴ˳ȥҲЩʶɱ˳һЩ֮֮⣬ɱҪ̺ûðѳϵá
˺ģһ̵ּֿĬǻû˵꣬гһ٣㴫һ谭͸ĸо
̵ˣ
΢е㱣ȴܿعʱԥʱ̾һֱһ飬ȻųĦһʺɫҺӿЩҶһ
Ӧ죬һҪһʲôѪȾķɡ
һ๦Ҳͣûȥʲôɱˣɱˣ֮ĶҲûа㸺С
ѵʺ
һţеĳʹһгļһĲһĨ˻ûӦô¾;òһȻһƬƬĺɫһѪһҶ˹ȥ
ʱ絹ڵϵǸģҶĳĺӾʣһƫƫһ۾оǰѳҡ
һʼҶжģ˽ҲǴӶĶŹеõľ顣
ʱȺҶɱʣµһſָһһ۾ĻԼֵܲһƬƬѪڵϣۼǲˡ
㾰ŵεѣΪʲôôһĹԼֵܾȫˣǻûԼΪֵܱ·ǸûʲôвѾųԼ˹
̽Щ߰뷨һԣľԱ˳дһ䣺СɱԼֵܵļһҳ
Ǿ仰ųڣͲò˻ȥһ֮ģʹԼ֮
һеԵɣȫΪҶȻųһȴǱ·ȥǴ󺺹ŶҶĵĳطҶĿ׼ֱһ˸ɵ򣡡
ҶһſʹԼȫʩΪ£ǡֵҲᱻ߳οǱʲô
ȻŶԷãڽֱ״̬ʱҶĺǴݵóڴ󺺾λһʹࡣ
ɱˣ˵һе⣬ֱĽ£һȫѡɱȴԥɱˣҶһ㲻ʵĸо
ô򵥡Ҿɱĸˣ
ŵŵĸʬ壬ԼĵǵĺɫҺ壬òԼȷɵľͷŵĸ󺺣Լƺ
һԼ͵ԷɲֻĸˣعͷǡÿԼǱʦýŶԷΧķ϶һƬɫ£ȻöԷæҵĹһǸɧļһ
Ȼתһļһ֮ͣҪ̵ʱɵȻоȥԸǸõļһ
ڿΧǸȳԵϷļһ˵ϡѩԻһʼʹҪɱ絹µˡҲֻǸùıȵ£˶ûȥ硣
ڴʱѩһն˶溺ӵָʹ֣żһ
ȴû뵽һӼǺӵԣȻͽסѩĳһ磡ֵǱ𣡡ȴѾΧ֪ԼֵѾ˸ɾֻԼҹõĴֵܱѩޡ
ԼסԷ÷Ȱ׺ɱˣͷõԸǸСӡΪ˱Էӣһץס˶Էֱۡ
㾰Ǵŭһһ˫ȭͷͳѩԴȥ͹⿴ȭͷƣǱҵʵˣѩԴҲò˶١ʱѩΪֱ۱ץֻĿȭͷԼ
ǡڴʱһ𣺡
ȻһⶵͷնǴ󺺣ֻ⽣Ȼ٣ȴҲԷһ˹ȥֻһȴͣԼĹƣѩתΣΪ
ѩ˿ҪγȥԼʦ֡ΪҶܹĹǺӣϵһʱѾǼˡȴû뵽ҶĽⶸȻһ䣬£ǺӱҶģؿѴȴһؽ⡣


006 
ɽȻ鴫ӺĿڴͷ߶һ䣺ûƭˣ
ˣ˸˧ֳֽˣ˸ͬʱǱʦöܶĹ˰ɣ
͵һû뵽Լʦôʱò֪ҵƲԼĳǳղҲɱ˲ˣҲѾȾѪ
ʵҶĵĳҲ࣬õֲʲôûʲôѪմ湦ܣÿ궼úúñһòξ汨ϲá
ԣѩʱ뵽ǱԼĳԼʦֵĽΪαΡ
ֻҲڰԾ棬ʦָղõʲôôǰǼƺǱɽ
ɽǸСɣ书Ҳûʲô֮ԼҲͱЩѰݽ̵΢ôһ㣬΢һЩݶûʲô˵ĵطҲɽȴʼûʲôķչԽԽ˥ԭ֮һ
Ͼѧ䣬඼Ϊ˳ɾһһҲҪѧһЩպñ֤Щһǰѧõ书
ʲôˣ󿴵书ϡƽɽɡûǰʦССȻԽûͼҶĵʦΨͽܻԼɽ¼ӤͿԵ֪һ
ˣɽȷʵûʲôνľѧشɽѾСɵʽһŵʱѧһЩȭƽ֮⣬ѩҶĶ׽
ǸղҶʹõĽУȴɽеκһһʽ
ȻЩʽƣȴԲô£οɽȻٵȴû
вΪεѩպ˳ڼϷȥԴڲͣ˼Լʦ⼸ֱ仯
ձʱҲδʹĪʱУ⼸һҲδʲô书֣
ҶĿɲ֪ԼΪóɽǵѩһɣѩһڼϷһЩֵǮĶ
ѩڸʲôԼıʦôһϷ˼ʱ򣬵¾˹
ڳԺڰ
ٵļһɵԷĲѹθɾȷǺڳԺڣονʿԳʵҲϵİɷûʲôҶĸѩΪ㶨嵹Ҳûʲô
ټ˴ʱľ״ʵй⣬ǲ쿪ʼֻܰܶĻôϽѰЩǮŵǮûɲա
ֵǣҶڵʱʱᷢһЩͭǮЩĪ벻׼˲ɱôͭǮ
ܿѩղڴͻȻһƬƳγε£ʱ̫ϸע⼸϶ûôѩӵʲô
ĪӵͭǮ
ƶϵͬʱҶĽϵͭǮһöһöռУͬʱҲԼʦѹ߼ʬĲ󣬹ȻͷڵȥʱʱһöͭǮȻϸպá
ʦãСǬһʹõǡô
Ҳ̫ѹ֣˶˵ΧȴһʬҶĺǲϰߣԿ˵˸ЦڵգͬʱҲԼǿʼܹ΢תһ㡪֪˵ٶۻǱʲôɱʱûоȵʬʱ򷴵ʼòӦˡ
Ǭһ
ѩɲ֪״˵еĹʲôֻƺǸĹ򡣡ǺɵľѧΪδ
ҶĶ˶٣ֻܺĿʼѣǬһȷžѧҲκɵĹ򣬹ʵϺܼˣκ˶ɡֻҪһ
Ŷʲôһ̸书ѩҲͲپԼʦԴǿʼ˭ɵľѧʲôĹ
ҪǮ
ǮѩʼһƣԼŵͭǮʱ˸ղŲɱ֮ʱΪסԷ˶һƬͭǮ
ʵԼڴƳԼʦǡüһƬ谭ȻûɱСһ˲ԼҪɱУ
ֱֻûкץĵطֲڴһʱͻȻӣ鼱ֽ֮ͭǮһѳȥûʲôºΪƺǺܹʣοǴԼƲʦǱ͵ѧġ
ʱҶ˵ΪҶڰɫͱˣܱʦ۵
˵ҲҶģר־ѹ˵ϼ˵ĲҶıѩôһɣеĪ˼ҲҲûȥϰߣҲͲٳרĵʰ𼸸ʬ
˸°˾ʬ壬˱ҶĨɱΪ̫ѪһСĻԼմ⣬Ǻܺôܿ˾ͽ˸ܷĶ˳
˰˸ϵﻹû⣬Ҳûʲô
ܹʮϰͭǮٰҵĹȫûиҶģֻܴѩǽתɫжϳѾǱʲСľ޿ˡ
֮⣬ڼϷһЩʾʱûôᣬǿԽŻúÿʬȻѾ˶˽ȥҲ׼ϢϢȥʬ񡪡ɱܹǷǿ顣
ֻҶķļŸʾȥ˵ⷬ鷳
׷飿ѩһ⼸ֽ̾ϳʲôϸۺЦû뵽⼸һȻһСķ˵ٸͨ
ȴ˵˸󺺣ɽΧһĶˣƽʱϲع̿ͣǮƣżҲ˸˺ǰ֣һ־ͻὫԷɵȻٶȥһֱûץٸֻ׷
ʵ˸ˣϴ书⣬˵Ҳϡƽ˸֣ųɾҪ˽֡
ֻ⼸۹ĺܣõ̫Ӳͼ֣൱һȴʼƽƽûʲô顣켸ǷԼ⵽ͣǲҪȥĵطܱܷͷűҶĶϣϲŻԼ˵׷顣
ֻû뵽ⷬȻ겻ϣ˺˾ʧȥж֮⣬ҲǶһЩ˴жŵ¼˵
Ⱦǵ͹ѩĹٴξǽҶĵЩͨͣ书õϴû뵽ҶʱʹĽȻǰûüӦ޽ˡҶĵռЩ͵Ϯıˡ
˵˺ϸɥڴˣԲŻôһ
ֻǼ˵ɥȴҶĶ˴˲ٵǮǰ˸˻⵽ٸ׷Ҷ˻ǵʬȥȡͽ
㣬ĪҪ˵ĳԴöȣҸطҲǲУ˵ͽѩ¶Цݡ
ҶģʱͻȻ֪ΪʲôԴһ㱣иڲͣҪʲôƵء


007 Ż
һҹ޻ڶոѩҶĴﲻҪߣܵسǸ˸峵ʬ塣
Ǹũ֪ʲôһصʬ֮Щŵ˿ӡѩæǹٸͨĶǶǡΪɱˣũģ˾ͻᱻũ߽ɱ˲գ۵Ĵ۴ˡ
ʱҶһֱĬѩüͷ˵Ǿ˷ΪǷ񶷣пǣҶǻûȫָˡ
Ǿòʣ͵ЪŰɣ
ϾԼСͳϦദʦ֣ȻϲҶĵԸ񣬵ǻǻ״еģѩҶʼüͷͻȻ˵ôһ仰һֱҶһûзӦ
һֱ˺һ׹ԼʦǳڹĲԼϢϢۡϾڻһ˺š
ֻҶüͷΪûָƣͻȻԴðͷ
Դѩɱ⼸ˣ֪ǹٸͨҪ֮ԴʼһڻصƮƮУʼղԼҪЩʲô
ȴڲͣĸԼһҪ飬һҪһ㣬賿һֱʼմ˼״̬Եʲô˲ˡ
һֱٸҲûʲô⡪ʵ϶ʬֱȥѲظ
һͨ͵ȻɵزͷȷֱͶΣպδ飻ֻĳ߳͢շҪ̫үԳȷϣһҪϵش󣬶ǣͽҲȽϸߣͷûôȨóôӡ
ҶЩȻ㲻СҲѾˣʦү˽㡣
Ҫ˵⵱ʦүģһǾǿ۹׼Ƴʲôܵʲô˲ܵĴˣ˶׼θ̫үıߣ
ʦүһȻᣬȴᵶ彣Щ󺺵ıģһǽŮֲǺǵ±֪˲ܵϾνĽŮиƺ֮ͽ
ǲԼ¶Ҳñ˵¡һԲϾǰε򣬴ͷȫңʦүɲ뱻˹϶֮Ȼһɱ£ɲΪԼһЦûǰ˸׳ʵĶĴ󺺶ڰ峵Ĳ𣿣
ʦүʹʹĽ㣬ȻˡԷҲͶԷ̫Ľٲ
ҲûбҪܣڱزͷλʿ׽ȫûҪκϡ
ΪͷٲЩʿ򽻵ǺܶʱҪЩѰæЩץͨûԷʽ顣
ⷬҲˣֻû뵽ԻһֱǸ167СѾͷǸ귴һֱ첻ԣŮ޵ĸࡣ
ĪλɳĵóŮӻŮɽˣ
ǲ֪ҶĴʱԴǸû˼ѩҲԼ˶Իʲô⣬˵ûϵ˲ᡣ
֪λԺźɣ
תתȥת˱ʡϣÿһЩʿʵ⼸Ǵ̽Է̨ϵıسĿҲԽ׶Էǲֵ
ֻû뵽һԼ̸ѩͻȻɫαտڲԣǰһۡ
ȻѩĶΣӵĹѾڲͷиʮ꣬ɾ
ʲô㣬λǣ
һ£߽˶Լɣһ㶼һЩпر˼ɻòҪ׷ʣȻЩ̲⣬ʾԼûбʲôرͼ
ֻǡڴʱһֱĬҶͻȻش𣺡ʦöɽɵӣССͷδ
ɽɣ
ɽ֪ɽһСɣΪռ˸жšֻ˵ɽǰѾˡ
ҶЦЦɽɽɡ

ѲѩҶ˾һֱû˵һֱ˺һѩ̲ס˿ڣʦ֣˵Ѿ˶ƣɼǱʦţҲ۸ʦ֣
Ҷ޸ʦֵǺ⣬Ѿռȥ˵ɵĽȴͻȻ˵ɽɵӣѩΪԼʦʦŵ֮ɽŵݡ
ҶȴԴ˺⣬Ҳϸ˼ľ
ʦãɽɡɽɶǣʲôǿưˣҪ˵ͳֻҪҶˣһСҪǽʦŴȥǹִôһӣ
ҪǣɽɸûʲôþҲûʲôôҶȻľͽ䶪ˡ
ͻȻҪɽɴȥΪԼԴͣԼʲôҲͷǾԺźɡ
ԭҶձʱȡĿƣԭҶʵѾֻһƻȴΪԼʦУʼڲɢȥ˳һִ
ǰЩҶ岻ѵ±Ҳûʲô֣彥ִ֮ð˳һϣȡԼԼȥҶܹԼɡ
ͷԴﻷƲɢҶĵǶ˿¸ոոûõҶľһһͻȻС
ҶԴ￪ʼϸ˼ɽ֮ͽĺתȵһЩͷǹִͽɢȥҶĲ֪ҶŵԼӦڿֻתȥˡ
ȻʱҶֻԼԭ˸ԼǿؽɽɣҲĻȥʱʱʱƫͷ۹ҶԼײǽȥѰ̼ˡ
ԣΪԼϱ˰աҶĿʼ˼βɽɣζӦȽŻҲһڵ񣬸ԼԴǸ쵰һ
Ժ
ˢ񹦲ɣʱҵĸһҵĸ³
ԼԺЩɽɵļһؽʧԼĹչ٣ȫЩ쵰ϳʧˢɽôʹ´ﵽ۷塣
򵥵Լʦ˵ԼĴ㣬ǲܺ˵˵ѩǲͬҶ൱Ż
ҶĲͷҲȥѩԽԽÿԲͬɫ˾
ţ˵㣡ҵطɽͷպĴŰǶ˵Ķ
ֻû뵽Լ˵仰ѩɫлͣǾպĽ˶ܺƢԣĬҶĵ
ǵɾͽɽɣ
ȻҶĵ˵ͷɽɽʵҲ㲻ŻָʦүΪʶֲ̫ɽô
ҶĿɽɿԶûɽţXԭ򣿵˶֪


008 פ
˵ǰҪ飬ҶѩҪľΪĿһϵе׼
ʵҪĲǴĵؽҪѰһʵĵطΪµפء
ɽˣȴûһ̶ĵطȴ˵ȥ˴к֪ӦνԼҵɡ
ҶĵӡУ˼⣬Щ־޺֪ɶԼ̶ϼңаҲһ̶ĵطΪء
ΪֻŻһЩİͥҵĵŵ;ϾʱɲҶԭסǸʱ㲻ַ¸绰ʲôҲϵĵ
ʱ̸ֻܵŰݷãοǰʦô飬Ҫʾ⣬ǺŴҵĺҪѧգҲһ
ͬʱһɵפҲ൱ɵĻΪɵĺܶණԼפԼܱߵΪԼɵĸ
뻹ҪͽԴҪפʵ֡
ӪһɣһӪԼķص๲֮ͬ޷ǶǮԼԴԴ
ԣѡһʵפضһ˵൱Ҫ顣
ֻǶؽɽ˵ǲҪȥԼӦɽͷ棬һҶĻѩ룬ΪԼֻɽɡ
һϵǳһ£ûвκεķ硣
Ψһ鷳ľǣɽϾĸط
ɽ˵СɲСȻϲɽ󴨣Ҳƣɽ齣壬ƶޱƳ
ΪɽɽƣԴɽϽɵɶԼפطɽ²ߵҲ֮һԭɽҲˣȽϿɽš
һЩΪλõԭ򣬾һЩ˵ɽŴתɽʦľͻӭȥܻӲקŪԼʦš
˵һɽѰʦѧյģһɽҪѶѰɽɣɽɵܹúþӪҲһͽܶץ
ϧ⼸ûһʶԼϼѰƫƫɽûҲԣЩŴɣ˼ɽžǱȥġԺܶ˼㿴ɣ΢ԥҲɽͶɡ
⼸꣬ɽԽԽ࣬ʦÿôԾԽң̲ԽԽʵɽɱҲйءռ˸⣬ɽǿɽŵλҲǲ١ھӡѵһԭ
ΨһȽϺõľɽҲûʲôϴΨһǿһľǶԭפصȭţһɽȥһߺԼʧ˵ʦֽɽϵ
ѩǲøҶĽЩʲôԾΪҶʧ֮⣬ԭʦҲʲôΧˣ鶼ǺͿͬʱҲùʡҲΪʦҶĽ֮λʱŻǳĲˬ
ϾǶԹϵԼȥú˽⣬ܹһɣɾֻˣ
Ҷѯɽϵֲһ֡ʦˣĸо˽Ϊϸûа©
ֻɫϰԵԵúܲͷÿ¶˵ʮϸΪγֵķҶĲ˺һ
ȭţȭ
ôϢеҶģ֪ԼԼԼǰծһֻû뵽ԷƺȻǸȭɡմԼǰƺǸʹļһǼһƷҲǲס
ΪԷҵĹƷǵû뵽ȴһȺȭģһ뵽ԼλǰϤĹûƳͱҲȷʵ̫һ㡣ѹʦܿʦ֡ʱҶǼĽԼǰ˻˽ߣȻԼҲǿôһˡ
ѩƺµҶĵ뷨ûлش⡣ǱҲĳԼʦյıֵȷеһЩ
ǵҶıϾһ֮ƺзܷͼǿŬϣɵԶٻ˵һаοʵĻȭȻȭΪյͽвǴͶʦԸҲвپͨͽӣ

ôҶĵ΢ùһ㣬ʱѾɽɽתһӡ
רƫƧС·ߣûɵЩ˵ĵӡϾҪɽʦĻߴ·ɽ
ֻתһȦҲֱȽϺõĵطһЩ΢ռˣ΢һĵطҲһЩССģ˸®һΧӾռɽͷֻ˼ҲλǿҲСèֻҪùȹ˾ǿҶš
Ҫ˵ǿһҲǲУֻҶƻûȬԼʦȻҲ֪ɽϵǸʲôˮƽ϶ָ־ˣԼżҲפضȥ
д˿֪ѩĹȻҲʲôɫԣҶĸûȥǹһطŻ
οԭļƻҵʵطŻ֮ҪҲȥ˱Ǵʲô
ҪѰʵطú书ȵ书ɣʱɻǱѩǶֵ顣Ͼôϻӣǿʵһеĸ
ûʵ۶øһһӵǿʵôЩС˻ʵʵǰϥ£߱þԵ
ҶһʲôҪľ׳ԼʵڻСʱܳȥһ鷳
һ㣬ûкѩ˵ԼʦòǴˣʲôʲô鲻ʦãԭҶʦָһ֪µĴš
ͷ㶨⣬Ҷѩɽ²ĵطת˸飬ʼûкʵĵط
Ҷ֣˾䣺ѵɽûкʵĵط𣿡
еУֻɽ̫ͣԽԽߣµǲ㣡ѩϾɽɽĻǱȽġ
شҶĴϲ鷳ʲôԺ󹦷ˣĪ˵ɽɽʵǷ嶥ҲǾͶ飡£ȨṦˣû˵꣬ͷɽȥȻɫѾˡ
Ϊͷڲͣ߶ɵȱû־ĸŴɵİפطɽ棿ĴŴĸɽɣֻŹɣԳݣɽɽ鷳Ṧ˻ڹںô鷳˵ˣһЩСԺҲòػصܣռȴӵĵӲˣ
㣬ŲںԼפǶôеĵط෴ںǻϷݺܷԳɵơ


009 µ
ΪѩĹϵҶĺܿɽҵһԼеĵطѾӽɽһƽ̨ϵĻȫǶ͵ɽڣûоṦһˡ
ͬʱƽ̨ɽҲֻһ΢õ·ֱͨɽĴС·ϲģΪΧ඼Ƕ͵ľڡΪڣܹ⵽Χ
Ҫǣط㣬ҶһС͵ĹҲµطԼɽ뷢չ׳㹻ĵطҲǱġ
ˣҶĿ֮̾µפض
᲻̫ˣѩǲΪǸõĵطȻﻷҵҪɽĵ·ֻһƫƫЩɸˡһǰʦ˿Զ޷ϵͶɽˡ
ѩУҪ׳ͽǱزٵģԼʦҲܹƾ˵ͽȭŸӶԼɱȥĶ
ȴ֪ҶĴͷ߾ԣȾȫȫĴһֵ֣ȻԼȻΪɺģԼ֡ͽҪûͽıҪ
ңǰʦҲûʲôõóֵ书˼ҡ
ȭŽͨĽյĶһЩ˭ЩЩСҪĳϰ书ĺͯЩͯĪǼʵĻῴСɣ
ɽ͸ˣҶĿҲͱŽ΢ǿôһ㣬ܺɽɵǰƾýͷ
ЩǱйɴе鼮Եķ˷֪ڶɽܱߵؽģɽɵʱҲһƬһɣҲЩ
Īʲôѧȴʧˣ
Ҷֻ˲²⣬ֻۣϾϴǸָǲԼû书ؼ
ο׼ϾȻרɽǱޱչ൱һʱ䣬еǮ׻֮ǰͲ˽Ӵ
Ԥǣδ൱һʱȥָһ¿һεƵôԼȫʱٻ㹻书ؼԼ
°Ϳ˿Χʱ̫ովɽԡ糿⣬Ҷĳĺһ
ʦּȻ˴ôǱȥѰȸ䷿Ӱɣѩһֱû˵Ҷһֱվϲ̵ĿֿվԭسĬ֪ԼԽԽ͸ʦЩʲôҪ飬Ҳûȥš
ֻǶԼʻȴûеõκλӦ΢еգеӲɫҲǺܺÿ
ʱҶĲԼʦãղʱȫѩһжԼһΪе˼
ֱʱ߻һˡ
ʦлжǮ˷ݺɹҶ˳ԴöȣϵܹõıչӣԱȸ
ѩӲĴ˾䣺ȥ˸ǷãʣµʡŵãɹҶ࣡
˼ʣµǮЩʳɽϹҲûʲôϵĻǶҶĵıչƻЩɽԼ֣ôµֻЩʳ꣡
Ҷļǵ˴ǰ˸ϰԼЩòıģټ͵еĲƲҲ50ڴʱѾǱʲСľ޿ˡ
ҶԼѩòʳ֪ͨһĳԴöҲͼӣǽʳԼԼԣôֻЩν֮ģҲһҲ1㡣
ȴ˿ɼһƱǽ൱һ⣬ֻԼӣǮȥ˺úøһ
ֻǣΪҪɽŪ棬ǷӵǮҪѲ٣ʾ޿ǸǺ˷ݣҪõһ뻹ࣨǻôߵɽϣ͹Ҫسи߳٣
ʣ20ҾѾǲˣ20ʡŵãҲ꣬Щʲôһ겻ͻỨѹ⡣
ǿ׬ǮҲһѧʣ
⻹ҶĵһЩӪϷΪ֪ͬͷ׬ǮġֲܺЩڵһȥձѣҲֲССɽȥա
ѩûв廰ΪҲ֪ν⡣ǰɽɣƾ赱µļأ˼۲ũԵĲ˶ԼֵģҪ׺һЩ
Щǲƾɽɵĵӻŵȥֻѩ֪ԼʦʱҲΪ¾֪ν⡣
ΪԼһȥҪҶĽˣ뵽Ҷûþ˼ңǼغ۲ũһ˸ɾǱҶʦ֪֪᲻Ļ
תתȥתҶϣѩҲ֪Լ֢ʦܷõӣεĵҶĵĺģû뵽ȴһѪۡ
أӻ٣ʱûʲôɵĵģʱ˵ɣ
˵꣬Ҳѩɫôѿֱɽȥһ߻һк·ԭصʦãʦãɽҼ˳۲ũԺǾ͵ɽ֮ϹˣĲ㣬Լ;ɽϽɡ

ʱķɿ죬Ҷöפأɽ֮գۼ͹ȥ˽һ¡
Щ˲ǮĹѾƬ޴ĿظһȦΧǽһţ޴дšɽɡ֣ơ
ֻͲΧǽˣһ͵֮⣬ҲûʲôȽƵĽ
տյĴԺʯ嶼ûˣһ乩ʦĺԼܹס˵Ĵֻһĳסƫ
ôǮΧǽѾѩǲˣϾúݻϵɵͶʦүľأΧǽǵôǸʲô
ȻҶĸˡȰѵطȦϣԺ󶼻õñռΧǽⶫҪǡɲ˵ͨǾЩ˷ѣȦϣԺǿȥǸΧǽ⡣
ȴ֪ҶѾطԼ˽ˣԲȾָԲȦϡϾҶĿԼ¿ʼ㡣
ѩΪǣôһݺһƫȻôǮȫҶĸô߰Ҫʲô˼Ӳ齡¯Լ鲼ݵĿܺݶƤ̴ѣ֪Щʲôõġ
ȻҶŪǼݷֳҲķ䣬ԼСס¸ˡֻĪĶЩǮʲô塣
ֻҶĸͲͣһ䣺ʱ֪ˣҲܵﲻ֪ʼĵЩʲôҲ
ѩ֪ҶĿ˺þεһ죬ԴҴææܻԼңȻԼȫ͵ʳָȥ
ȷе˵ʳָϴǸָ


010 ָĲ²
ӽһµҶĵѾȬҾԲʲô֢ʱ˵ǼලǵĹʱʱһЩԼ
ǼеĻӺůЩȫơ
ŪЩ⻹Ϊʱȡů裬Ҷ빤ʱѾȷϢ
ɽλãһ˶Ȼ㲻ر䣬Ҳѩοѡλλɽ֮ϣʱܾˬˣ˶ֻ裬ǾͲùˡ
Ҷɶ໨ǮҲҪЩĹ׼áǵȵʱ׼ǮԶʱԣʱҪù˵Ļָôˡ
ԸɴͳǮȽ϶ʱѸŪĶŪãҶĿֻҪԼסЩҪŪϣϾҲȵ˶찤䡣ȡůЧӵҲܿô
ԼƵģݵĻ棬ҶСĽĿԼڵƶȻָȥ
ЩѾԼЩļƬ֪ʦøûʲôڹһЩǳɷšЩǵţҲ˵ʦĳɽʱ򣬴ĳҵġ
ʱȻûжɵ˶ԷΪɽɴһԼһŵɷֻʦҲصˣú顣
׷һѭԼǿ壬ͲԵеĹķҶļǴСͿʼʮˣʵһЩУڵ΢ĿҶ꾭ԽĿ飬ںһֻδɢġҶšľԾȳǿָ࣬Ӳ΢
ɼˣҶҲеǳģϾǸ磬ڴ˵еĶֻ뵽ԼһԽͰ׼˱˽ӽʮ޵ĳɹʲôģ
ƺС˵㣬΢ԶԵжЩ⡣ֻҪԼָܹٻһڹؼʱʲôⶼˡ
ǲ֪ܷٻڹؼ
ƳһԼָҶļרעڲڵΪ΢òȫעܱ֤Уοߵ·ߣܶ඼ǰûùģɬС
Ҳ˻ܹĵʲô
ͻȻðôһƺ׵ͷҶĿЦ²Ϊ⣬ǼǰС
΢еλʱ˳ԽȥԽѡⶼҶڹûѧʲôھԶԵеķйأֱϵľδͨЩںܶɶǻ⣬ɴ˿ɼɽɾжôС
ֻǱؾ书˾ʹеȻٶȿʼܹ黹ûʲô⣬ǵȵԺ󣬺͸鷳ˡ
ҶĵĽָʳָҲ˵뽫͵ʳָϲܹ͵ǸָУڼмδͨľҪҶԴͨٲһġ
ȵڹ˵ָʱҶѾ۵ͷ󺹣ǵ΢Ѿһա
ǵʱ̣ǽָƺӦһǿҶĳѨɹʵʵڵҶĸо뵽˽ָ֮ΪԼʧˡ
Լгһȷȷǳɹˡ
ʼǿȡϡ
һһ˲˵꣬ҶϸϸȥֱΪԼǳһѹֵһٻʱûв
⣬Ӳû˿飬ҶŷеԼʱĵӺϳҲָЩӲƷһֻһִĹߣûʲôνС
˵ҲΪһʾãҪ׽Ŀƺʧˡ
Ϊʲô˵е﷨ڿǸ
ͻȻֵһᣬҶٴοϵĽָղǼ仰ٴ˼˽⡣
жӦǸû̵ôԼҲͲöȥоߵǸʲôħߣԼһСľͻ֮ġӦһԷʹõĵߡ
ǣǸĻôǸʲô׼ʲôؼأҶ⡣
ָȫȫ޹ؼôҶľҪһʱˡ
ôڼڶĳһ书ãܣԼ¾͵ڽʱͽ͵˷ϡϾ翣޴գҶ˱ʼٻʲôؼȻ书õĶǷëǣôյĳɾͿºѴﵽԼԤڣܶĿ꽫޷ɡ
˵ָȫĶĻҶ˵һն޷жϵƷҲ˲䱩һ¾ٻ˾书ؼ̤϶֮·Ҳ᳹Լķչʮھûһ书ؼӰӣĹʼͣڶ֮䡣ྫָҲʧȥѰؼԼĶ
ͲܽеϣˣþͽΪĹߡ
ҶһֱĵģϾָΨһĶǽٻһľϲһϽʱĳЩǡ
ǿȡȻҪǿȣôʹһ̶ı׼Ҫ趨׼Ǿ֤ⲻӳһͽ
ҶĦָϵָһۡ
ҲָؼǸʹٻʱֵΪοжϵģԽǿؼԽã
ĽҶֵĽָȫһԿƵؼٻװãƵĽݽṹĶ
ĻȫԸĿǰʵѡʵ书һһεĻᣬȫԼʵﵽһ̶ȵһʱٻȻؼѡһʺԼļʵȻƿٻܶʼֹ
Ǻñ
鲻ԽָһڣҶΪԼķָеġֻЩĲ²⣬ĽۣҪһȷϡ
ȷϵķȻٴٻΪ뷨ٻʵϲԼȫٻٻ֮ǰԼܶ˾ѨĿϣ󲿷ǰָġ·ϡָյĸʣ޼
ԼľѨѾͨôӦûõһθõؼŶԡҶѾⱾķдʲôڹĸеһƣԼΪֵһڹ
ûжⱾؼΪҪȷԼ뷨һºõٻⱾ춨ڹؼΪʵĹ


011 
˻ڹҶڿϵͳΪԼպڹһʵĻˡڹȻųƻҪҲҪָΪڹһ㶼ûʲôڹĵӣҲ֪ԼӦӺ֡
˵ҶԭһЩɷѾ˻ʡʼǶԼĲ֡
ԴһʼҶľʹʽڹʼ𡣳֮⣬ҪľǽﵽʳָڻͨһºԼò׽͵ʳָȴΪһ·ϿĿİĶʣ޼˸ûõؼ
һҶļÿÿҹڹڹͲͣĿԼԼĵָ֮صУÿһжΪԼĴ
ͻڹȻָϵЩһҲĵĲˡ
ЩûһγȥúõǸʦõĲ
ѩҶĿʼΪɿǣΪԼʦΪ˴תӣ뵽΢һȶʦƺָֻӣյĶڷҲΨһܼҲǳԷǶι⾰
ʱȰ˼󣬼Լʦƺûиı˼ѩ޺޵ҲͲٴҶģÿ춼ŬʱʱҲȥתһתûлͽʲô׳һЩɵ
û뵽ԼŬʦֵ֪󣬷׼ɽҲҪţɰѩ˸ǺԼʦֵݺݵĽʮΰ˶Σ͵Żολʦ֮顣
һճĹѩŲһȰҶģʦ֣Ҳ㰲ٲ취׳ɣҲ˶ˣ
˼ܼ򵥣Լʦ֣ССɽٲ취չ׳ôٴα̲ǱȻ顣
ռôĵطûʲôǿԼٴֻһεܵ衣
ϣǰһʱļܹԼʦٴηͼǿͼɣĪҪڷвϳԭĹˡ
ֻѩ֪ҶȻնڷУҲǹڹʱʱҲԼ͵͵һЩȭƽЩǻҲ㹻Ŀռϰ
ȻƲɽɵĹ򣬵ǶԻĺأ֪ʲô򣬶벻ЩĶǻʵԺϰϲ㹦ʱҲ°빦
ͬʱǰ֮䷢֣Լԭʱյѧ̫ȭȻĹЧ
ΪԼԭѧĲǿİʽҪǸ˼һ֮áȻ˵ʵս̫ȭҲܹѧĵ
û뵽ǿĹЧԭڲͣϤֱ۾Ͳͣڹʱеġ
ϾڹⶫǲżģûûҹĲͣյĽ²Լڹһǧ߻ħһغ
Ϊڹں̶ܴ϶˺ģº͵ڹȫʱɺǿѹǲͣʩѹôĽ֪
ԣ֮˶ԼڹʱϸĹ涨һƾͲǿΪûһϣԼΪɶ˵ٵԼδ
ҶҲһʱǳСģȷԼÿļޣ͸ԼϸļƻһеʣͻֹͣϰʱﵤﵽֵܵѹԾеʱֹϰֱĹۡ
һжΪ̫ȭǸ湦Чȫķ֣ȫǰþͣϰԼǰѧĶѪһһġϰһ飬ڴ̫ȭ֮ĵĲȻָ˲٣ͬʱвʵľȻе˲١
ȴ֪̫ȭǿ壬ͨĹЧڴȭͬʱڲԾҲÿÿʽΪĺܻԶԾûʲô˺΢ܴľͬʱΪĶڹڹΪо
֪ⷢԼٶƺٴһ̨ףѩٴ߶ʱҲûа㲻ͣЦŴ˾䣺ʦòصģ⼸书̰ͼݣ
ѩԲţΪûмԼʦг
ɽҲһɽΪɹϵҲΪɽ֮Ҳûʲôˣûʲôܹڷо书
ΨһһɷƺҲֵʲôר־ڷоͬʱҲΪҶǵʦĳЩشΪɽɵ书ûʲôܣʲôûʲôϴҶ
ԣҶĵֻⷬǶԷںƭԼ
ѩı飬ҶҲ֪Է϶ţ˼һº˾ӻͳһᣬȻݵѩϣʦʱǵķһڹķЩʦҾķܷϰѾȷڹķȷʵУǡý㣡
ڹѩҲе뷨ϾҲֻԼһˣһǺбҪġѩ˱ñٺ٣Ų
ڹķѩԾﲻѣҪ֪ͷȻɷģϰ֮˶ţëڹķһ˵ǿĶ
Լʦ־Ȼóһһ˵ԼԴġ˰ɣѩӹеһͷôһ仰
ҲϹ˵ƭҵģᷭȻǹڹķǳ׶ѩûڹ˵ҲɬԱһԼԭɿھֹȻкܶ๲ֻ֮ͨڹķҪһЩͬʱ漰ѨҲӡȻԶԡ
ϸĶһ飬ⱾڹķȻģѩǿķ滹ǼٵģҲҪһ֪ܵ
ڹķԴģԼλʦ־ȻܴڹǾе޷ţڹķҲǻʵԡ
Ȼ
Ǹˣ˵ļܿие͸вͬҪ˵Ϲı£Ǹʦ
ҶȻŴѧҵôҲϡ졯һʱ䣬ͱ࣬ⷬ˵ûаѩȻվֻһ16İѾͷκβԾ
Լʦ϶ѩȻе֣ҲûΪԼʦֻӺԼûȥǹⱾڹؼǲǻ˶֮ġ
Ҷϸ׻ڹҪעĵط˵Լʱû˻ɣȲؼܻطȥڹȥˣҶĳ׸һԡ
ҶĵǲΪ⣬ҲѩڹؼߣѾڹģ൱ˡ
οûĻٻȻڹ߼ĹˣȻǰٻܹٻڹؼ


012 ȫķ
ҶһʹָٻؼʱѾһǰ˾޴ı仯
һٻʱҶѣֻһСֱָգ⵼ָյġǿȡֻȫкٵһ֣˸ж߶ˣֻҶһڹ
˵ָݵõʹ߽һ۵ĻôҶǴײǸ׼
ָΪԼṩһҲ֧ȡһЩĹúøԼѧ֮·ʵĻȻȥѰ˼ʲô
һ㣬ҶԼҲиŵ֪뵽ԼһٻؼһҪʲôܹʹõĽеʱͲµˡ
ɽȻչֻһнѣһ׶㲻ϣΪԵʱһֱ仯ͻȻɱʹãܵȫ
ͬʱʹҲûʲôҪ󣬻彡ýĶʹáȻͬóǲͬģƺָĿǷΧڡ
ɽŻᱻָȻڹĶҶģΪʱҶͽָָڹʸ񣬸һܹЧɱ˵˵ĽѾǷǳˡ
һΣҶĲһڹ˼ʵĻΪ̫ȭĹϵڹԶһ˿Ķࡣ
ΪƲָʽ⿪ԼʳָľԱ֤ʱܹͨ裬ûκġ
ԣһιעʱȫĹȥٻʱٻһ㲻书ؼ
ȫķ𣿡
͹ӵװ飬ԼǲԾĸ֣ҶڸеĵͬʱҲڿ϶ָһЩܺҪȻԼжϵûʲô
Խ࣬õؼԽãͷĦһƺܹŵķؼҶ΢еЦָֻһ¿޵ֻżˮƽ𣿡
ûָж׼㣬¹עҶȫΪˮƽŲѧͽˮƽ
ֻѧŵӣһҶĵļ΢еΪָⱾؼҶĿȷԼﵽȫŵӵı׼
ôҲһɣܱȵõʲôɽķ֮ҪǿĶ࡭
Ҷĵ֪ȫ̺ôҲһ֪ɣɵԼڹж֮
ؼǣȫɵķƽȻȴܹߵĻޱι̣ΪԺķչ¼ʵĻ
¹ԣȻܶ湦˵ڹΪڶʱڿЩһڶ⡣
෴ȫķȻȴֺܹɲԵƿ
⣬ȫķƽ͵ķΪκθڹĻûʲôرԣԺõʲô߾ҲúԳͻ޷
ҪŪһɽķʲôĿɾˡӡеĺɽɳǽɽԱĪڼڹķûʲôĵط
֮һεٻ˵Ҷķǳ⣬ؼĵطȫķھͿҿԱ֤δܳһʱõڹķ⡣
ı׼֮ǰúȫķΡ
Ȼһʲôˮƽƾȫķܹɨɽˡǰȫķ൱ߵĳ̶ȡ
ҲΨһˬľķķʱգһʱֳЧת뵽Ǿֱ̬޼Ҳǿ꣬һɣԼҲͲˡ
ȫķϸĶҶֿʼһֵ
ֻһβͬǣڹֻһĶȻĺڣȴʹ˽̭ľ
ȫķ޷õõڹķģºܳһʱҪڹˡ
ΪԼܹƾһͽȫķɣӶٻõڹؼʵϣȫķõؼ඼ǽϱȽ֪ڹˣҶЩ񹦶ԼʵҪҲܸߣû൱ʱʲô¶ʱǱЩؼӰӡ
ȻҲÿһεٻᡣ
ȻѾȷڹķָָԼ书أϾԼһȫķһжɽ֮һѾǲеɽƫƫɽѾеУûпԵе⹦ܲõ̫ȭȭʲôĺ˲ɣ
ǵõһЩʵƽǾˡ
֮⣬ٵõʲôڹķ¾ֻܱԼһȥˡȻҲڽյ߶Լãܻҵõġ
ϾÿʲͬʵĹҲ书ΪԼԺ󲻹յʲôͽܶкʵ书ǴǶôţXһ鰡
šƺӦøԼǱʦÿǿǡˣŸտʼڹι̲ҵõʵĹ˵ɣ
£׼ոյõȫķѩϾҶĵУѩ㲻ǿȫεĻ顣
ԼԽ֮ѺĵһѩʱǷԼӡʵ̫̣һ̶ϻЩԼʦá
Ȼĳ̶ֳ˵ı֮λ˵ֽѣֻǲ֪ԴλǷֽͬ
ҶĲ֪λ΢еȻҶӦɽɵʱѾֻתȥˣΪԼԴﻹиաԼĹ״أ
֮⣬һҶľòˬɾǡǱһѾͷȵ˽£Ҳʵ̫ˣ
Ϊ˲ûԽٳƺţҶ¶ģԲܱѾͷܣǱڽ£ԼԺ󼴱˾񹦣Ϊ˳֣Ҳһ̧ͷ
һߺ˼ţһϰȫķŲ֡
ķϾҲȫֶɵڹķȫɴ£֮⣬ĪԴķΪڹԾ̶ԶǻڹܱȣҶҲҺϣŪٿʼ
Һָķǳܵ˸ȫķ⣬һЩҪϻһЩͣҶȱʦָļһﲻһͷˮӶ֪Ӧοʼ뱦ɽջصı¼
ҶģһѩҪ򵥵Ķ࣬Դӵõ˻ڹ֮󣬽Ǵһ֪ԼӦѩѾʼҶĻϸĶķҪʱѾʼĿԼЩδľˡ
ǲԵóԴЦݵϾͿԵ֪ѩǳ˳ҲΪĹͱҶľͬõĲеɹѩڵҲҪҶĶϲ١
ˣҶﻹûпʼȫķʱѩѾ˻ڹŲ֣ҪľѨһ飬Լڵľ
Ǳڹؼѩ׻ڹЧ⣬һ뵽Ҷĸƽ֮ɷƶĹȻԼʦְٰ㲻Ҳɵ̾һ䣺Ҷʦֻͣ


013 
һһȥ˺ʵؼ֮ҶļյԼڹ
ҲܵǰС˵Ӱ죬ҶʮֿڹãΪ⹦ʽԼߵУڹľ̶ȶսӰԶԶ⹦ʽ
ǽУӵǿڹΪĺô⹦ܱġοྫǿ⹦ҲҪ൱ǿȥƶбȽ֪ıңɵѧԼϵ񽣡
ҶΪԼܽΪߵһ̶ȵĻôԼٻһЩѧҲֻĿȴûʹõ
Ϊ˱ķͣĴľϸⱾȫķϣ̵ܹʱڳΪһڼҸ֡
ЩӣżѩĶԻѾ֪ڼҸǶôţXɽ漸ûһڼҸֵĴڣһƬеʿҲѧһЩƤëɹ򣬻ЩѧҶ˵ɷȥ
ֻЩϰվãڵҪʦ٣ٵоḻȻѹûû
ȴȫͬˣҶֻҪԼܹȫķžɣԳΪɽи߶˵Ĵڡ
жϣȫΪʱͣЩȫķĸ֣ԼӶһЩ¼
еıľǹȫķѾһ㲻ĺһ㡣
Ȼܶ˶˵ѧʿţʵͲһһˣܹھ̶ֳȫǸʵ֡
ҶԼҲʲôˣҴЩԼӦûʲףָ£ȫķĽʼմһٵ״̬£ÿ춼Ե
ĽٶȣҲȹҪ϶ٰɣ
οӹ԰үүѩ̫ȭ׾ȭȻܹڹ൱棬ʹϸӵĿ٣Ҷĵõȫķİ֮ķѾˡ
ھôʱ󣬱ԹԵѩҲٶҶһǮΪӱԹˡ䣬ҿʼƮѩ֮յȺĿͷԼůѩʶЩµá
ͬʱЩͬú̿ﵽȡůЧĶûлֱ׶ˡһͻ̳ǸƤ̴Ѹŵ⣬˿ԷĴ󵨵ů
ΪԭѩʱҲٶҶʱʱҲһЩЦݡ
ȻѩԽԽõĸҪԭǰԼʦֽԼǱңķԼһײʹֺǺÿŮ
ȻЩӣҶġٻؼңķԼŮ֮⣬ٻ˺ɽķԼһ廢ŵԼһ׺ųƴγʵԿطµ̫泤ȭ
⼸书УҪ˵õĿ»廢ŵȻС˵жΪ·Ĺڣ⵶׶㲻ϡ
ǺôҲ⣬Ҳе֪ȵĹ򣨿ϧǺӰΨһҶĲˬľ׹׵ƫƫԼʦûһġ
˶ڵҲû̫Ȥ⵶һԣרϰڹ̫泤ȭȻ⹦ûʲôĵطΪŵĻȭǺܺϸġ
⣬ҶھٻһһЩŵĽҲãΪԼѾɽϤĲϤˣΪɱҲýΪõĶԵй
ܲȭͷ˶Դ򣬴򵽹ؼȻͻȻνʹɽȡɣɽ⹦ƾͻȻɱУʱԼʱ䣿ƫƫԼѧɽʵڴֲڵĲ񻰡
ٻΨһǱŮһүʲôŮʵǺ˵Ȼȴûϸϰнָ־ͲһŪ
Ūһȫ潣պúҵڹķϡ
ֻϲʮа˾ţغòװٻڣҶϸϢԼ״̬ѡ
ȻһŴԷֹ˷Լؼ󻹽ŲϣŻصϽһεٻ
һ
˰ҶĵĵѾ˲ٵǰޣһϸߵıʱҶĵѾ֪˶١
ͬʱǿҲǵܱȵġʱҶȻһЩȴ֮ԵУһЩǿĹЧ
ȴѾвͬϰڼķ֮ҶѾʩչ˽ֵʱڵԼĹԼٶȱøǿ죬ֱɱ˵ˣֱӽ˴ˡ
ͬʱֱҶİǰܵ˻вͬʱҶǱԷƾ࣬ɴʱҶȫ˭һƣô˵ĿɲˣбٵĿܡȻڶԷûСǰ¡
֮ҶĴʱڹΪǰѾͬնΪҲǸʱǿ˲֪ٸΡ
ǰϰȻɿƳҶĵֻǺ˸еĽġ
ֻƺֻһˡ
ʲôϴˣذɣ
оһ״壬ӵؼҶĻǵһٻЩеĶ
ϾΣⶫ书ؼֻҪԼ߽ô֮ĶԺԡ
ֻǣʵҶĸеǲڿԼЦ
ʨôٻôӵ
еؼҶչȻϣⶫͬԲԼ֪ס򡯡
ǵǼԵĿЦĽ֮ǵҲӴɢ
ҿô
Ҷĵʵȷף书Ҳǽ٣ֳ磬ȫ֪֮ڵġ书Ϊˡ
֪ܵ֡ͳתɿԹ˵ġϸѰ˼һԼ֪£ֻȻƵĹЧҲΪĹ򣬺ȫΪ⻹кܴġ
òٻһ֪ѧȴˣ
ȥֻԼ׾ѧⲻܣ
һεٻҶȷһ£ǾǳԼҪҲʱòϵ书ؼ⣬ָпٻһЩԼò˵Ķ
ָֻǿȴӶһΪȼĶǷʹߵ֮ĸûһ׼ţ뵽ɵԼΪǿ֮пٻʿ
Ϊ£ҲָĵȤ֪ܸõؼʲô̶ȵģ


014 һ
ָļ˵ָܹٻĹʲôεģԴҶ뵽һ֮ʱʱĻðһΣΪʲôرԭ򣬵ľֻǺ档
ϾҲһҶҪϸ˽Լϵʲôֵ顣
ǽıڤ񹦻Ǹӱ̬ģµĻеǼ󱦵䣿
ҶĵĲ²統УΪ磬ûн˼·ĵطȥ롣
ֻٻʨֶ¼ָ˸ڴֻûиϸȥ롣
Ҳ̫̫࣬࣬ԺָﲻԼʱԼޱȵʧΪ˱ķܵĽұ
ǻûʲôõʨջ٣ҶĿ۴ʳָϵָ˵˾䣺ˣôʲô˵ڵʲôƺе̫һЩȵԼΪ浽ǸزʱȥЩҲ٣
ĦһָߵߣصķǳʵĴ򿪣һ󺮷ѩ˱ů͵ķ䵱У˵ĺҶĴ˸սҲ˱øЩ
һһ²䣬ҲһƬҶȴ˶ȾϷ纮
ڹСɵһôʵȻɽ΢Щȴ˲
ȻǱɺ֣ʱ͵ȫӻ仯Ӱˡ
ֻ־ڵҶ˵ңԶ룬ӳʱú͵ЩӦ޾庮䣬ܹĸܵԼı仯ֱ仯ҲĺͶδ㽡
ҹգȻʲôҲȴûйϴҲֻ뵥ķ߿һɽϵѩ
ʱһƿ֮עתͷȥֲԶĵطһģӰϰ
ϸԼ˵ĽҶ̾Ͳµںڰ˵ݡ
˵סɽϻľֻԼʦѩȻɽϻסһӹƽʱЩɨԼĹȴǰ㹦򶼲ģѩسҵһũ
ũѾ40꣬͹ͣοҲûѧ˼ǶܹҵһһڷԵĵطеġڸɻﲻǸɻοͷɾҵĵԼĹġ
ȻɽԵЩũںЩŻԸѩɽϣΪɽɵۡ
˳ΪŮˣסڳԱߵƫһ㵽ϾͻԼķһЩ첹飬߸ɴϢ
˱ɽɽϽеס˵ҶĿԺʱ򣬼ö˼֪Լʦѩ
غãҶ뿪ԼķԺӵУֱ΢һЩܹѩ
ȻڹҲ࣬ǿޣôڵĻ¿Զ
ҶģѩڹΪҪһЩһֱҶ߽ѩŲ˿ҿ˭
ҲͲµݣûͣԼĶһŮʹͣ
гջؽʵУѩȡ¶ͷϵ㺹תͷҶĴ˸кʦôû˯
ɽϵӺ࣬Ҳġʦճ˳ԷżҲȥЩҰ˻ߴЩΪǲͬʱҲܸһЩʳ
֮ûʲô飬˯Ķ硣ʱһ㶼Ѿ˯ˡ
Ϊ˯ţڹֲ֮ܲѩųһ£û뵽ʦҶҲû˯˳Լ
ҶûлشѩĻǷһ䣺ʦòҲû˯
û뵽ҶĻôʣѩһ±һ䣺˯ţһᵽŮѩԹŹֵĿҶġڶԼʦִŪôһŮʹĽңķûʲôɡ
Ҷװûѩ񣬽ĵ˵ͷûм̸ȥ˵˾䣺꽣һĪҪվﴵˣ
˵תȥȻûкѩһ˼Ǹ˶ںЩ˷纮
ѩڹΪԶҶľңķж֮⣬ҶĻһССҲʹ˵Ľ˾롣
ҶѾ㺮ʱѩѰһ޷ֵ˺ղܹվڷѩУȫΪϰ巢ȣվڷѩУ͵Ϊ纮һ
ֻ֪Ҷǹѩֹһ䣺ҪܣҵȻ֪Ȼ죬Ųȴû϶٣ҶĺصݵС
ݵʱһţȥ֮һԳԷԻҲΪϢĵطϰͽ
ſڵķһƵǽڣܹ˴Ƶ棬ȥһӡֻȴʲôŹƷڣѻ˲ú̿𣬻һ¯ӡǸṩˡ
ңһƣһΪ˯ĵطһдֿ飬аڷ鼮Ĵܡ
һתܽһ䣬˸Ͱרԡڡˮȫտ¯ϽҶĸеĵľǾݵĲһɽȪˮԴ⡣ʵҲҶĽݺͳȰλõԭ
صУҶûֱӻصԼңȥҶѩ˵Ȼ˯ž˵仰мҪ˵
ѩ𣬶ֱĵġ
ѩ㣬Ҷľͼ˵ȥǻʣ¶Ǯˣ
ѩû뵽ԼʦԼ̸ȴ˵ǮһֱżɽƷҲҶĸδʹѹֲ
ǻĶ࣬Ϊʦһֱ˵ʲôһҪ㷹ˣӳ⵰ʲôûѾʣˣ
ҶһֱǿӪ⣬˻֮ˣΪӪϵǱٶؼҲɲ˶֡
ÿɽʱ򶼻ЩԼ࣬˲Ҫ̫࣬ΪɽԼѵĵѾֳЩ㹻ʳˡ
ƫƫҶҪļǼ۸񲻷ƵĶȻѩԲ˶٣Ҳ춼ԣȴҲеǮѸٵġѩΪһൽѾĵĲˡ
ҶĽ첻ᣬѩ⼸ҲҪԼʦ̸̸飬ò˰£ֻɽʣĴȥҰˡ
⣬ؽɽȻ΢껹ǱҪģ׼ɽЩĶֻǮѾʣ޼ˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ֪ȷԼĿǰٵ⣬ûӣԺӹĿ²ֻ࣬Ӱ쵽ʵҪ
ȻˣұɽܲŪЩǮƻ


015 ɽ
ҶҪɽ˳Ҫ취ŪЩǮ֮⣬ҲȥɽΧͬʱ֪Լ书Ѿʲôز
ɽؽ磬㲻һ֣
ȻԾȰǰ˳Ľ̥ڵֻ书Բܱ쳵ɽϼΪߣҲ򲻹ԼһϽȻΪǿԵѹǵȻۡ
ʱʱԼʦýһд裬ǱϾ֮ͬѺñԣʵսࡣ
ԣҶ׼ɽߣҲǳȥһԼɼǳɹϲˣôҲ֤ѡȷģԺֻҪ·ȥͿԴԼĿꡣ
ЧѣôԼҪ˼һ֮Чĸ֮֮ԲһεΪʵ̫衣
ɽѰЩǮ֮ģҶĿǱȽϺð顣ȥǸйһ֮Եͷʲô͵ˣǵӲ̫Ӳôʱʹһͽˡ˵ԸԼŽԼɵͷȥ
ҵĺܣɽʲôĵǣܹм׼ļһﱻٸϣΪʵٲ£ƵĹٸòһЩʿķʽͨǡô࣬϶һЩ֡
ο̫֮Ҳ͢Ϊͷ۵飬㷽ʽ˺ͽɱҲܹһ̶ϻʿÿ궼вѧղļһȻܳҪˣ˿ˣ
ˣԼٲǾʿæ׷ǿʵҲǳ͢µһСԡ
˵û˿ʿҲ̵ܹԼҪǮƺǸͲ⡣ˣһ뽭ɼľǵͷѪӣֻܹѧղǹֲͷϡ
ǻ״ҶĲԼҲʵĿ꣬ο˻в׬Ǯӡ
ȻҪɽʵᣬҶѩ˵Լ׼ɽľ֮󣬾͸ԻϢ
ûۣΪɫеԴºɢˡ
ȵڶϣҶĴڹ֮󣬾ѩϸϸ̸ɽϸڡ
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οѩңķûãҪʱúʱҲʺ϶ܵġ
ҶľͲͬˣȻҲֻ˰ȫķΪʹĽĿ죬ѰһЧҪáƽȵȫķúʹ˺񴲵Ůľһ١
ڵȫһӦ²Ϊ˰ѵһϰţΪҶĵڹ˲ӣǸϸȫ鲻ɡ
⣬ҶҲ뵥ɽߣԼܹиϸ˽⣬ѩԱߣкܶ鶼Ȼõ֢ΪĽڣǵ֢ҲһӱһԸˣҪȥһʱ䣬ѩֿٻʲô޴ı仯Ҳûкʵ͡
ʲô鵼Ը䣬ҲǼʶԸӳ춼ܹ˵ĹȥܱɽϻԸһӸ˽ܡ
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ҶĵľѩտʼͬȻҶ˲ԼʦֵĿı䣬ٹ̵ӡЩŲԼʦ֡
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ǰǸԭҶģѩһȭҪҶȴѾǸˡ
Ȳ򶷾ҶıԼǰḻ࣬ڹΪҲһһ£ѩһȭַԻ
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ҶĵⷬӦ֮ѩԲ죬ΪԼʦֻѡû߸ɴԹԹʹУ뵽ҶľȻѡԼӲӲĴ򷨡
ǰѩΪҶǹ۸ŮӣټҲСѹˡ
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ڸ±ӲӲϣûҶĳԵͷʡֲƣĪСԼ
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ѩҲܱľˣûǿľȥ˫۽֮ѩȭ̱һԣҲһġ
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һ˲䣬ѩʶʲô飬ղ֮ԼԷһƵԼĹ˶ʧȥ˶ĿƣƵסͷмҲɾˡ
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ѩ䣬Ҷ΢΢ЦЦʦĪҪ⣬һֱڿڹԽԿ첢ʲôֵ飡
ֻǿѩʧıãĿоͿɵ֪ԷûôԼ˵ЩʲôԼһֱҶһʵеԽܡ
ȻһоͰ˵ֱجΣ
ҶļӣҲͲٷϻѩԼǱȥԼʦӦôһͳήҲҲֻ֤Լ߿Ѿͷ
һȥʰʰ׼ɽˣ
˵꾶ֱȥʰϸԼϴ֮ʹһͭǮԼһѳ
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ƺҶĺǲϰߣôУҶô˵ҲûãҲƺ
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ԴӼ޵ɽ֮ÿ궼ӴЩϢǽ궼ҪˣȴȫޣͦĵģᵽɽסҲѰңдŹȥ
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ЩһڹҶȻ֪ҲԼѩôȻ̬ͬȡֻЩ룬Ҳνˡ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷ֪ɽ취ŪЩǮ
˵ЩҶı𲻴İųͱɽ¶ȥѩȻûȴһֱıӰֱҲջĿ⡣


016 
ҶɽһɵĸоȻ񣬵Щ˳־ͿԽС¡
Դ磬һֱԴλȥɣ߻һԼ˳ۣϣѹԼ֮λȥʦáʵеҲ̶ãҶĺѹ֣ÿ춼Ϊ˰ƴ
ΪˣûһκúõĴԼδ綼ûȥ۲ɽƷѩȥץһпõʱʵ
ɾͺֱõ˼㡣ο˳ĽǸһֱСԼʦܣ֪ԼԺҲԼ˰ɣ
ϧ֪ԼɽʱѩʹҪڽʱˣȻǰܹǿôԺɿĿںΪԼʼûз֮λԼʦ֡ͷҶ֪ЩĻܷ񻹻ôã
ֻڲ֪ˣźһ·µɽ֮ҶȾȥɽس￴ͷһҪݷһ¡
ֻǵȵеس֮󣬷ʱѾ磬ͷʱҲٴѲǻؼϢˡ
ҶľȵջϢһһȥݷͷ
ƾŰǰļ䣬Ҷǿǿ˷ʱҵǼסĿջѡΪջȽϱˣͷ׾ݵҶ˵ûд֮ǰʡʡĺá
߽ջ棬СѾˣ˶ߵͷԷ߱ߺȾƱԵʲôʱĿջһҲӪݵӪǰöǳԷĵطҪסޣǴȥԺǿջŸͶ޿סĵط
ҶĴһɨⲻСĴƺѾû˿λõСк֪ǲӦûһҡ
͹ۣԷסꣿСֵĺ飬һ·ҪЦһ仨һ㡣
ס꣡ҲԷ
ҶɽʱûгԶϴɽȻֲеسǣһ·ȻеƣۣҲøпտ
ڴԻǻطԣСû˵ûпշҶҲûʣȻ˵СԼǲҪطˣȻпշԼס
ô࣬ΪûпշأѰ˼˵ҪҸʲôĵطպһҹˣ
ûù̶ֳȣȻ࣬շǻСвרԷģͶޡ
һۣʵ̫࣬ҶıС͵ͻȻתһ룬ջ¥ʲô̽Ϣĵطοô࣬˵׼جõϢԼֻܴ᣿
뵽˾䣺ﻹп𣿡
СҶʣƶƣ̾ʹ𣺡Ǳ߽߱Ǵպһ˸ոսʣҪλеƫΣ
Ҷ˳ŵСָǱһȻһſӣֻΪλڽ䵱Уôۣղûע⵽λöǺʵĽ
ˣСˣһһرɣ
ҪˮСֺǺǵһ䣬˵Ȼܶ㶫һЩǰλ˵Ĵ֪һˡ˵һǾȫҪһǳִ󷽡źĶԷˣ˵Ǯ
Ҷ룬ԼҪϢҪˮҲã뿴ע⡣
ţһһɨ߲϶žƺӴҲ࣬ǲࡣ
ֻʱľˮΣûҶҪȻӦòʲô߶Ȱ׾ƣ׼һ᲻ʲô߶ļ
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Ҷ쵽ԣСתȥͳȥˣʱͽҶҪ˲һԼͷ
ⷹЧʵǺܿ죬ѹôԷҶЦŵ˵ͷӻͳһЩͭǮݵ˵СϡǸղԱһ˽ʱģҲ˸ǮЩͭҾУԼΪҪĸӡ
Ǯǳܵ𣬸ؼǣղŴԱͬǽ˵̸һȤ飬ԸСǮҲ̽Ϣ
֪ɽھַ˺£
ղֻԼԼɽھƺڻǮ˰æϸȴУӵС
ЩŵСܹ֪ܶҪ֪Ϣ
ǵСͭǮ´ŵȻҶԻɨ·һԵĳЦ˵˾䣺͹٣Ҷܲ
Ŷ
͹İɣɽھֵӿ˲֪˲ˡֻѰĽ͹ûĪҪκϵĺãС˵⻰ʱûд˵ҶҲգֻǺΪʲôСô˵
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СҶĲ׷ʣɫƺ¸Ȥһ
ɽھǰһڣ
ڣҶôˣһӾ뵽ʲô⣬Ǹɽھ˴鷳ȻŪô󶯾Ľַڼ̸۸ͣʲôڣ
Сһ⣬ͻȻɫ죬˾䣺ɽھֱһ£ȥ
ҶѾ꣬Ȼܶط˽⣬֪Լڵĵطһƽݵĵؽ磬ɽƽݶһسǡǽݣƽϣֻм仹˸ݡ
Ҳ˵Ǳһ˴ƽ½ݣڼ仹ҪݡⶫԹ뺷ɽ˵ĶʤһھҪ·ڵǿˡ
ɼˣҲѰһ㣬ھֶɵֻûʲôģҶ벻ɽھΪλֳô󶯾
СƺҲµʲô̽ȥ
ˣɽھֵҲڸеͷۣ鷳ڣҪλѾָҪץɽȥƫƫ⻰ɽھֽ֮ŴϷŻ˵Ӳϵ˶ɽˣɽھôͷۣ
Ҷû뵽ڻû·类˵ˣ˼һŻҪ㣬ϷŻзѹô
ҶԤϣӦɽھֹʿͨϵ߸ɴԽڱ¡涪ڣھҪҵˡھֵľҲǼҵĺܰ
ĲˣҶ˼ԼȤģɽھֿʲô۸뽭ǰ
СǵõϢǣҪǰ֮˵Ĺ
Ҷĵ˵ͷжöǮǹƽĺܡţԼںôҲڹ̫ҪǱɽھƸȥӦ׬ЩǮ
ο˳۲һЩɽΧʿǸʲôˮƽôһõܲȥ
´⣬뵽ѾָҪµڡҶĲȤ˳ΪҪ͵˭ҵǧС㣬Ϊòǿ˿ˣҪץɽѹկˣԱ˾䣺˱˭ǧ𣿡
֪ǵСһ㶣Ȼ˾䣺ǧɽھҪǳǶҵ칫ӣ


017 Ƹ᣿
ɣ
ͣ
ȷϺ󣬵֪칫ӲǸȢһǧȻԼļһҶɾϢȤ֮
ЩͽΪҪһӣ
಻ϢըҶģ뵽ľΪӳ̫ͣӹĳЩӵȺõļһﶢϣⷬѡ
Ͼзʢвʲôֵ飬ԼԭǸ綼ǧʷˣ˼ԼԽһ磬Ҳ֡
ֻеʱʵҪӵ˸еԽܡ
͹ٲ֪ǶݵؽһĸҹŮˣǿαͽҪ칫ץɽȥģ
СͣҶĳ׵ćˡƾȥ룬Ҳ벻ôȻһŮǿͷӿǸ칫ȻµĻץɽץɽʲôѵҪץѹկ๫
Ȼͻݵǿ˿ϣҲ˼Ϊʲô˭ץƫƫҪץ
ҶĻûü͵СȷһԼƲ⣬Сžһ˵˳˵ҲѹŮ˿칫ӡϾ칫ӲòӢ䲻ҲŸ߰˶ƽĲӣ칫ʫʸ踳һ黭֪жٺǧܹңֻû뵽ȴ£
ҶҲˣҲʱżοʱ˵λĸߣ⣬ָʲôʱͻɻڴ±׼жٴҹźҪ޸
ֻǣⷬ汻ŮɽȥⱲҲͻˣҲѹүӻἱææ˱ԼҶ£ıǿɽѹկ๫
ֻɽھȴΪϢͨڽڵʱȻҲûΪֻһлΪ뵽ӵǸɽŻкĹʿȭ顣
ȻˣôҶҲͲٺС̸ǾžƳŷͬʱϸΧ˵Ľ̸ûʲôõϢ
ϧڵҶ˵õϢ࣬鶼ֻһЩţļֳһܣһ
Ҳ˭Һ˭ֽ˳ԼҪںδһֻǰ̸͸¶ݣҶĿԴϢѾعʱʱ˿Ѿֳʤˡ
֮⣬һЩν֮£ҶĳʱȤʱȤҴҽʣµķ˳Թ⣬صϢȥˡ
ڶһ磬ҶǼ򵥵һȫķԼ״̬֮󣬾ͽ˷Ǯǰɽھ֡
Ҫ鲻ǰţڵ֪ɽھֵ֮ȥɽھ׬ЩǮԼ±ȽҪοԼҪڶӳôǷȫ͵
Ϊסɽظպþ棬ɽھֵĶҪµĻôƱҪ
˵ҶȫһԽе飬Ȼѡֱȥɽھ֡
һߴһǰУʱҶľھſڡ
ŵĴž޴ңɽھĸдĵƵģСʱ֪һҵүǰæдģɽھϵѹ鷳˺ھ֡
ҶĴһھֵ棬̧žȥΪɽھֹʿǰԴųţ
һɽھֵǰͥĳصȴѾۼ˲ˣԵЩӵٿЩ˸űҶľ֪ЩԼĿĵĽʿ
ʱЩ˻ɶѣһˣΧһȦƺڿʲôҶҳ˳򣬼ûкԼҲ˹ȥڸʲô
ֻվȺƲϻһЩΪ׳˶Ĵ󺺼УҶĸʲôҲ
һôǣӵĻƾھײһ·οô࣬Щһ㱻ײһҲ޷ҵ˭ײãһֵУҶҲ鿴ʱѾ굽ǰ棬ǲǻһЩŹ¼ǾͲںˡ
һƣҶЩΧ﾿ôˡ
ԭǱ䣬Ȼô׵ķҲֱӵķˡ
Դɽھֿ߼뽭ʿǰ֮ɽΧЩСÿնЩ˵ĿȻΪɽھķ
Ȼɽھһֱû˵ʲô۸񣬵СϢڸЩǸеĶϢЩ˾ͶͰ͵ĸ˹
Уɽɵࡣ
ΪɶԾң϶ССƽʱҲûʲô̫룬׬ǮĹȻ
һЩȽСԴǰϣƾԼּ뵽α칫ӵĶ鵱С
ֻôˣɽھȻȫãҪһһԹߵͣҲʵ̫ķʱˡ
ͷҲɽھֵĴ󵱼˸飬ӦƸĶ³¶ֻ֣ҪʾĹ⣬ôȻͷͬļ롣
ͬʱ˾㹦򲻹ս㣬ôӶҪ͵˵ˡȻҲǾԵġö˹򶼺ܲҲпͬʱˣ˵һҪӮſԡ
֮⣬˾Լ߾ԼѹȺۣôȫһεĻƣֻôѶʵ̫ߡЩ֪пܣɽΧȺ֮ˡ
СȺˣ쵽Щͬûһĸ֣ҲһЩ°ʽϾɵľھУϴļʶ㣬ĸʲôˮƽǴ֪ġ
ϧǣЩҲһɫ벻˼ҵۣҲͺЩĸûʲô飬ĻҪ㿪ؽ𵽴ˣ
ɽεĿųһȭһţȻĻͷ׺һ߰¸գ·־һıʵȱġ
ԱһվŵƺƳͷĵǣİο˾䣺ͷĪҪģ˷вʲôֳ֣ܹһЩϾ˷£ͽţëⲻҪԿ
Ҳ֪ûбǰЩϡõļһﷳֱɢƸᣡ
Ǹ˼ɫԻ̽˵οͷѾ˻ɽɵˣ˵Ĺ򣬼ϹӲҲ׽ˡ
֣ɫںÿ࣬ҲǰȺˣļһﵱѡõĺˡ
ʱ򣬳иոһƽִˣʾʵͻȻָŲԶһЦ˵ô죬ⲻǽоԼɶ˵Ҷ𣿡
һָվǰҶģһ¶ЦЦһı飺ôҶҲһ׬Ǯֻǲ֪ҶŵĹǷǲòҪһЩҩˣ


018 Ҷ
ҶڵȺǰ棬ۿųд򶷣ʱʱаԼƽϣԼϳüˡſ˼Щ˵ĹȻҪȰǰԼǿһЩҲǿޡ
ԼϰȫķĿʼϰڼҹСɵڣЩ˻Ͳٱˡ
ɽΧɵӶˮƽԺǲõˣҶĹ۲Ƭ̣ͷɽɵķչҪԼԤƵĺõֻ̫࣬ҪԼֽٶȣòԼͿԺɨɽʱһͳɽҲǲܵ顣
ɽԼԼδֹ۵ڴʱ뵽иոջʤǸһƺϵԼһĻ
ػȥԷֿڼ˵ҶţôʦãĪ̫ܣȥұȥˣ
˵ЦȻҶĵĿѾ
ͬʱҲûע⵽ڲԶⷬʱҲѾüͷλʤӣȴΪⷬ۶˵Ʒ˻ɡ
ʲôͷǸʲôͻ
ֶ֮ӣû취Щ˵ݱȻ³ȶʱ˶ᱨԼɣƫƫղЩԾûмס˵ͷ
Ե˵һֱעųƣһֱվԵˣͷʻ̴֮ưĸڴ󺣣ȷӣʹһƣưڳЩ
ֻ˵ΪмôƵνưҲΪɽھɽһ൱ˣһھһųȭôˣһԸⰴɽھֵİŹԹԵıϼܿĳ
˳ͷϴģĽҲ˲٣Щɵ֪ҲҼʶһһ۽ߵĺܣƲЩسǶQȥġӡ
أⷬҲʹ˵ףܺΪʲôǸȴֻδᡣ
Ա˳£Գɵ˵Ǵڴ󺣸ղǷƲ⣬ӦǰǰȭɽҶġ
ɱˣ˵仰ʱûԳֳԾӣΪɽϵҲжţСɶţë춼ɱ̲߱鷢
Ա˵˵ͷ˶ƣһפأҪǵʱĺܲңоͱȭŵһʱɽϸɿдЦ
һͲٶҶıʲôעˣôһССһɵҲûʲôʵؼ㱻˵泰ЦҲֻ
ҶĻǲ֣Ȼɱǿ϶׾ҪǮֻΪҶĻԼҪֺ֡
ЩҶĲ֪Ϊһֱɽ˶ⱻ˵泰ЦΡ
ֻǶ㲻˵ģҶɽŵһɽϵĽͬͱ˵͡
ҶĴʱɫ쳣ѿȻ֪ԼǴôңٲûᱻ֪ȡЦǵ淢µʱ򣬼׼ɷǳĲˬ
Ҫǣ³ЦԼλԼһĴڣԼСļһﳰЦίʵǺò
ʦúõĺܣ͸µǣ
Ļһ䣬Ҷ̤볡УҵĹǷµһ
ˣҶĿûνġҧһܲҲҧһڣֵ뷨Ҫ˵ҪǱҧˣôȻǰ⹷ж˿йͷ֮ޣʲô͡͵һʶ˵˵
Ī˵ǹһֻҧˣҲ޲ýǳӴж˿ˣ
ǰλȻѾආһļһǾҪѵҪ֪ԼɲܹĽɫԼģҪóԼ׼
οô࣬úóͷҲΪԼǱͲôЩȣ˶һЩ
еڴ󺣱ΪҶļ㱻ԼЦҲȥϾӡСӵĹʵ̫ϡɣֻҪе֪֮˶ʱܳӲ
²ҶҪôտڲװɵ㶻߸ɴ߷ȥһ۲Ĳ
û뵽ҶľȻֱվУҪԼһ
˵Сϲ飬ĪǶɵˣ
ҶɵûɵϵĿ֮½ѵһ֪ôСӡ
ȻҶдˣĳԵ㣡
˵һڼƣȻ˸ƵĶ˼ܼ򵥣Ҳֱףڳ˶˲ڴ󺣵˼ȹ
Ҷļ״ЦһгҲΣֱʮɹƾڴȥ
һƱƽ棬ֱֱȥһƣûʲôҲûʲô仯ȴΪھһƱˡ
ҲĸҶһƸ㲻ʲôҲͺЩɵͨûʲô𡣿ЩسǶ첻׵ĳУǾʹһˡ
ڴֻҶƱˣƻδĵǰ͸еһִûѹûӦô²Ӧԣ;ǰһؿڴһۣ˾ߵķһܿƵɳԶ
վԶġڡǷһѣҲڴ󺣻һܶˤڵϡǼûˤҲĴˡ
ովĿ֮³ЦҶһ뵽һյĹͱһƴ˳ȥͳѪȻΧ۵λסֱˤڵϵĳ̬Ҷĺ˵һƿʹʮɵľ̤еʱͿʼ˾ƾ͵ȿʱԷһϲ
ڴ¸ûκξ裬˱Ҷһƾʹอ˺üѪ΢һ㡣
ڼ
ڴȻϡɣǺôҲ10书ûнӴڼƷôٻš
Լڱһƴɵʱ򻹲ǺȷɵȵԼеƿ˹һۣ֮̾ʶԼǱ˵еڼอˡ
ʶҶʹľȻѰʿֻ͵ڼƷ֮ʶһԼ˶ĸͷԶûһسӵĿˡҶĵķչǰͨҲֻƾһЩèĹڵҫܱġ
ͬʶҶʹڼƵĻһֱⳡԲ⡣Ȼⳡȶһ˽Թ
ɽΪ˽ԹɵಫʤҲûκθֻǶǸ˵ôڴûаøУעο϶֮⣬ҶûʲôرĿ
ֱҶվȻһƽڴ󺣴Ѫ˳ȥʶԼۣνġҶšȻһĶڹġ֣ɽڹľ͵ˡ


019 
ҶĻƣװ󣬶ΪղһƼþȫＸտҲʣһ˿ʱĵϢ
⻹һóôһУɵѹԼĻҪǿĶ࣬Լұ۾ѾϰĴݣһ²˵ˣҲԼľŪˡ
û뵽յĴұ۾ԱٻʱܹһЩĺôԺҲӦöϰһЩҲЩʲô⾪ϲ
ҶĲ֪ϺһӽȫеһУҲĹھŻôġ
ҶıȽϤĹղǶüɵķһУһҲǻڶü̥ھ񹦵һķΪͬʱҲضԼ˹ģɲǺҵľͰȫȥꡣ
Ҷ˰ڹһƽ͵ȫķȴôҵķʽʹֻ˵ûԼֱ۾ŪѾ˹ʺˡ
ҲûʦָȱݣҶĲ书ؼܹûκ߼ѧľ飬Ҳû˴ָܶೣʶԵĶͲֻ֪ܿԼȥ
⣬ҿΪڱʹ˳ȵɱʱʶ⣬ٶ༸Ҳá
ֺ֮ҲΪЧɱȻԼϰǿ֮⣬ΪһСɱ˺ôǡˡڴ󺣣Ҷ˵жɲ֡
Щ˵ɢҶĵͻɽԼΧԺҲû˸СʱٽԼɽҲһˡ
⣬ĽѵҲȻףǻĪҪʹõĺãĳʲô޶ûطȥ
վƬ̣Ҷھ˲٣ͬʱղŻݽߵĵٴһڣֻİȫķ·ţ΢ܵһЩ˵ľ
ֱʱоȥעܡ
ʱЩվһȦ׼ֵļһҶĵ۹ѾǰӣǱһּžηԼĽȵĸĿ⡣Ȼŵڴ󺣵ȼĿлη塣
ҶĴܲµһЩΪʲôǻôԼûȥЩһΪи顣
תڲԶͷȭʩһ䣺һȻ˽Թ𣬲ҲʾҶĳĹ򣬲֪ͷۣ
ǸԲѷڴ㹻ĽѵҶѾǸһ鶪һԡȻһʲôɻ֪ôԼôöԷɳ׵ʧ
ڵҶţʵϸжϣԼ³çĴ򷨣ǸڴҲܴӮԼԼİҲǶĴڣǸʲôļǿҲǿ˶٣ôҶȫΪɸûܹвԼĴڡ
СļһȻҶ˿ʲôԡοǶԷǵԼ
ֻĵԼĹǷСֻҪϹһŹԼĻᣬϾڼҹϰ֮ˣɽض൱ϡĴڡ
ɽھֵͷҲһϰҹߣóĹһ׼ҴĿɽ
Ҷ̫ǫˣĹԸĳһأĳ˻ϹҲǴˣⷬҶĸ֣ôҪףվӭȥĲ񻰣·ҶʲôǰƵءڳƺҶΪǿǵԼ˵ǾҶĵɱˣûҶƺ
û˾Ե̫򽭺һǿΪĵطҶĸղѾʾԼʵôʸܵĴ
ԼּһλҶԼжۿ˵ıԣһָָҲʲôԡ
Ҷģʲôã飬еˬ֮⣬ȷһ£ڵĹҲһĸˣʶôкңֻǲ֪һ֪ܷƵ
ȻóĵĽۣɱӦе侲ڿջԼղڳô཭ʿ̸ǶԵԼһЩʵ˽⡣
ƽ˵ʵĿǰһ˵Ϊڡ
ΪǱ̫¿ٳһݣڱǰֻǻ֮أסֱʽռ첢ҵһݡڿڴڵǨ˿ںĽֱʮ꣬ݲǷչͣЩͬĹģ
ǽƽݲǸո𲽣Ҳڶࡢޱȴƫƫ󲿷ֵʵԭ
ЩʮĴɣƽݵɴʮʮǶʷƾõֺˣɽɾ֮һֻǻ߯ǣڵ֪һ֮ҶĺԼԽôȴձСĵҲԼһʺϷչĻ
ԼطЩӵٹ̵ĳɵϼҸԼٻؼָҲܽǿɣŪһӶڡھӡӰ֮¡ģŪûЩͳϴѹֵطⶼֵĲˣ˽
ƽЩ򶼲⡣ֻҪһʵͿԽ󲿷ֵѹ£ȵԼĲʱ򣬽һǿģЩͳƿҲǲܡ
쵱УҶĶڵ˸ϸ˽⣬֪¹оݣһЩεòȻԼǰڵǸҺһҶĺǾ
ĪڼʲôϵֻĿǰǲ̽окϵġ
֮⣬֪̳£ɫǹŹһŵ
Щ֮⣬֪ƽǿһǻɽɣƽһصɣƺǸŷ̵ɡƽݳʱͽչѾɳ
ְְֻܶ沢ƽݣԽݣƽĽǵһֶڡɼֶѾƽǿ֮һˡ
ʾְĴɵǿʵ֮⣬ҲһʾƽݵĽʵǶôĴټһҲɣֻһɽܿһֶʵ൱
ҶĻ̸쵱е֪һϢϢΡйأǾͷȭ⣬д˻ɽɵǰ
˵ǻɽڵλ͵ǰǰҶĵǿԽ˽һ⻢ɽɵʵͬʱҲƲְʵ


020 
ɽھֵαһ죬Ϊͷֻʱڳ߹ۿԺûڳֹˡ
ҶģҲͬûڳ֣Ϊ뵽ھֺ湲ͬͬʱһεг̡
Ҷʲô飿Ȼн·ѾȷеһЩҲ󲿷ѾãΪֳҶĵľ⣬һ¡
ҶŲ豭һڣѾаûкȹʲôĶˣյɽϾǺˮⱭȲ軹ԽһκȵġϡˣȻǰûкȲϰߣһȲúˬ
ˮ£ҶЦŴͷҶĳμȻ׬ӶģȻͷĲǲҶԾҲô˽⣬Ͳʲôˣ
Цŵ˵ͷƺҶĵĻش⡣
˵ʵҶԳ书ʲô顣治ð졣ܻһв𡣲Ūûλ֪Ϊʲôԭ书Ѿ͵͵ĺԼ´˰ǰ飬֪ҶǰĹûôߣҺܿǰܹ֡ڰô󣬺ܿʲô
ԣõĽԼǮҶĺ£Լҹ£һ·ṩҪ֮ʲôҲκϣ۶ɽھֻǶ˵Ƕõġ
ҶΪӶٱȽϷ⣿
Ҷ⣬΢Ѱ˼һ¡Ȼ˽⣬ǶھֵҵҲ֪һڵӶǶ٣޷жϳԼҪٺʡ
ԣֻѡһ΢Ŀ۷ʽͷöٺǱٺˣͬʱҶľӦòĵˣڻѹԼӶ
ȻܿͿ˼۸񣺡ⷬ˳ұ֧100㿴۸ɺʣ
100ҶȻƽȴ͵һû뵽湻󷽣һھ˵ҪԼ100׬ӣôʱѩҪΪˡ
ֻҶƽķӦЩᣬü˾䣺ò
Ҫ֪ڵȫҲ500ǿҶǶڹ֣ǰ;ԿҪύһ򲻻Ὺ۸ġ
ο500׬Ҫóһָµ˷ֺ죬һֵģȻЩ˾Բյô߱꣬׼Щˣٳɶ֮ҲҪѲ١
ԣ100ѾóļˣҶľ̫٣ô¾Ҫˡ
ȻҲòϾϵɽھֵƣԼպܷелȥǿҲҧڰȫꡣ
Ǳ׬Ϊύһ˾ͱɿԸ⣬µҲûͬ⣬ʱǳǾ鷳ˡ
ҺõҶûĵĳ̫ãܿЦӦ100㹻ˣֻͷҿôӶĪҪԺɽھΪͷˣ
Ҷ˵ЦˣȻô˻׼ġ֪ǰ̲ɹССɽھס˰ԼǲŨܵĺӣЦ˵˾䣺⣬ĳ֮ã
ҶȤھ֣Ƕɽھ˵һϲ¡ֻʵ̫ͣҶƺЩǡ֪ûˣΪܵ׬ǮжϳҶĽѡ
ҶļȻ˼Ҳ֪סԼûϼЦһĻν˹ȥҲ˳Ʋ̸ˡ
ôһ˽Ҫ̸ף˵˳۸Լ֧ʽҲǴݲġ
Ҷǣ̸õͬʱһˣҷԸȡ20Ʊ¾͸Ҷģ20ǸĶʣµĵȵһ
Ҷĵ˵ͷֽ20Ʊ뻳У㹻˲١ȥ¥ԷʱҲСĽĹǮˡ
ҶĽƱպõʱһھеĻ˽Ȼ˵˾䣺ͷɽЯӵˣ
ģٴǰȥӭӣ
һԼǰ˵ˣվǻƸϽԼǰȥϾԼܹⷬ˳뵽Ҷ֣ûиı䡣
ϾҶȻҲǶڹĸ֣ȴѾڹʮƸˣɲΪҶܹ˻
ο˴˷Ȼ˵ǰҲвҵһԼ֮ã˼ֱϡ
ȻڸոջؽύҶģҲֱ˦ֲ˼ңЦŶҶ˵ҶһͬǰȥϾҲǰˣ
⻰˵ĺˮƽҶһͬûҶĵˣ˵ȥӭȴΪʲôֻǰӭԴǰһΪ米Ƚ֮ԵʲôɣҶ˻еϾȭģƾʲôͱţһȥſӭӣ
ԣⷬҶĹȻûʲôվӦ˾䣺Ҳãһͬǰͥȥ
ǰͥȺѾʱô࣬ɻһЩΧһȦųУͬʱҲڱԡ
Ϊ˱࣬ΧɵȦӱ㲻һģϡϡվǿһȦӡ
ҶһǰͥͿһͷлҰ׵ϵʿվµĿųеı䣬ϵʿǸˡ
վһʿһԼĪʮʿϵʿͽܡԼʦƺȤӣ˶Գеıȱȱʿãɾվϵʿ
Ǹģƺڳеıȶмһˣһֱͣҿ˵Ҷһ߽ǰͥĵʿͿˣ̵Լʦ˵ʲô
Ǹϵʿתͷһۣתкͷϵʱ·Щ£ˣͷĪ֣
ܹϾλָ˸ԼǽأЦӭȥ˿ãϼʲô
ĺ˼֮ԺȥԵѾ˷ˣڼҲʿͽܣ˷ɽһǼ棡
˵꣬ʿȳĪСʦԺ㣬ͷЯԼʦһȭ˵䲻ȴδʧȷеӵܵķ緶
̱ȭ񣬿ڵϾ˼ԼȭģԼ˼ңûʸʲôס
˽֮ǼԵδҲ֪ʲôϸ˴һ˾䣺λǡ


021 ɽ
λǡ
˶һֱԵҶĸеǺ棬Ϊ²ʲôϵ
˵ֶôӦһͻԼ˵ˣôΪʲôὫһֱߣң˼һͣλӦҲϯУԡ
λҸոҶҶҲһͬڣôһͣ˹ԭͷȭ֮ˣᣬԼСͽܻҪСϼ꣬ǲ֪ͷΪλ㿴ˡ
Ϊ߽Ȼɻ󣬵ȴ¶ɫ΢΢һЦټȥ
ʱҶǳʱ˸ʾǰ𾴣ˣֳ˵ͽкһ߽֮Լǳé®òһЩûл
ҶЦˣϾǣСһ쾭塣ԼͽȺֻСͽܻʱƺԸ
ʵԺ㱾뻹ֻǼԼʦֱȭʦܵԵñʦֻţԲŲ鲻ԸĻһ£۾ȴ֪ȥûۿҶġ
Ժ̬ҶĿ֪˰˳ԳֳƲС䣬Ҳûʦ̸ֵаͲ˵ֻվһԿѡ
߽ô꣬ӵĹ۾ԼͽܵıʵǸе޿κΣаֻⷬɽԺЩЩʣ
ʵҲλͽܵԭĪԺģҪʦֵĶ̽Լʦܡ
⣬ԼСͽĸƲϱҲ뵽ҶڲԺ㿴ԼȻԼʦͽǺܸȤʲôԭ˿Լˣ
ô˵ɽҲƽݵؽǿ֮һȻдͳɲȣҲǴһЩţѵ벻˵ۣ
һ֮УѱõľƲˣʦͽϯֶҶһ֣¡ⷬΪ˶ҶȤһЦ˾䣺֪λʦţ
ʳҶĵʦУ֪Ҷǲʲô
⻰һڣҶĻûǿһ£һã
Ϊ֪ҶɽһţǰǰȴȭŴɽţǶԷѡ䶨ʤûиϾɱôɽɿ˵ǳ׵ˡǼˣɽҲѾӵ񽭺ϳȭԸɽͷֶ棬ž˼߬ţҪõȭŴӦӦȻҪǿҲȭš
һֱΪҶĵʦ֮λеۣĪҪ໥ƺ֮ʱֻűǻ
뵽ҶĲһûþʳ⣬дкĻᶼûСֻϣҶѾ£ĪҪ˷Ϊȥ
ƽϣûʲô⣬˵Ŀǵ˵Ϊʽ
ֻ벻ҶƫƫͲһˡ˱䶪ƵѹͲɵģȻùһûԼ顣
Ȼڴǰ㵱ˡ
ͲںЩ飬ʦŵ⣬Ѿɽͷ֪𣬱㵱Լɴһˡ
ɽţССδҶڡɽҧ±
Ժǲ죬û뵽˾Ȼһ֮ȷܳϡû뵽Ҷһ֮ϵʧˣ
ɽߵҲ˽⣬֪ɶţë֪Ҫصϰ֮˶֪ɽ˶Ż
ֻҶŵȷټǣϴʶ˶Ҷ˿أ书ôɽɵʵֵúúˡ
һԵǲ죬ȻҶҧ˵֣ô˵ǰɽŻΪָֻĳˡɽɡˣ
ЩҲϸʣֻɽѾþͺã¾ƱҶԵֻҶҵǶнû뵽ɽţʧʧĳԷһ԰һ±ǵε㲻ʣ
ҶҲϽһЦŴ˾䣺ͷˣ
ֵҶŵɽҲɽ֮ϣȻȥɽתƣɣһ㶯ûСοҶĻȭй֮ɣҪٳͻ
ɽеƫڿɽ۵ĵطͷδҲ֡һ仰׾ô£ԭҶĽôߵĵطѹһֱû˲
㣬ҶһֱɽǱСɲµɽһΪѰЩǮƺգҪĿʼչԼɣ˵ûҪȭѰ𣡡
֮䣬ͽ˸ͨ˳ϾǾӪھֵģ书ҲǺܺãȴԵĹ
Ҷİ˳ǵʲôʦѰʲôڹķؼ书ŴŰѾд˳ɾͣò˶ãһ˱ȭţӶԼɽɳΪɽϽеŵɣ
ôԼǲҪڻǵʱύһأⷬ˼תͣȴû£ͣ˾ơ
ǵʿȴɻȣǾƵɣȵĲֺǰļѼʳԵĺǿġ
ǳԵ죬ȴʼձŸ˷緶˾˳߯Ҳѿ
ͽܾûˣԳĪãҲ棬ԶʱһֱעԼ
ԺͲ࣬һһЩһ³಻ÿǼûԺãҲûÿȥ
Դ˲Ϊ⣬Ҳû˵ЩʲôϾɽд඼޵ˣġȻԼɻȣܲɽµĶһ޶ʦҲǻɽƽ̾͵ýһ𷣡
Ҷģһֱ˵ֻĳŲˡԵĵǲΪԵĺã״ҪȰǰǿ˲֪١ǰľƲȻˣҲʧ̬
һʱ֮䣬˶æڳԺȣϾ̸Щ£ʱʱҶ̸ϼ䣬Ҷľ
˵һٷԵǱֻΪһ飬ⷹǰˡ
ΪǹүԼĶӣҲǸҪţҪ׼ûУʱܹ
үӺ칫Դǰȥ԰ϯϼλ˵˾䣺λһͬǰҪˣ


022 ʱ֮Լ
żһΪ˽Ƚܵı׵տүӣүԱߵṫӡ
ΪҸӽʦͽλǻɽˣλ˵ĸͽ
˼תҶϣλɽҶҶ˷֪칫֮£
⻰˵ĺƯ·Ҷʲô·ƽνĸ֮ʿһ㣬ҶԼԼǮְˣʲôȫϡֳֻϣҲ׵˵
ȭͬʱҲڴһʱԼҪˡ
һһ̾
ͱĻǾòƺˣȻҶУͳ˧ľ춯֮⣬Ҳе̫ˡ
΢ױǸľŮ
Ϲʱ·öʵ޷Ϸֱ棬ҶȾѾ֪Ǹеģ»ΪļǧаŮװİϷأ
ڴ˼ңԷҲڴֻһ࣬үӾ΢΢һüͷ׻˵ĺãë²ΣȻ˵ʲôɽţҲʵ̫һЩɣ
࣬ԼСͻҪСϼ꣬Ĺ
֪书ҲԽ󹦷ԽߡȻûĸ֣ɼУҲһЩҴɵľӢӣǰλҶţԲڴС
үӵĵǣƺҶĵݸȤ˼֮;˾䣺ɽɣҲɽ棿δ
ҶЦŴ˾䣺ССɣδҲʵ
仰ү͸ǵˣΪʲôôҲûʲô
Һûһɽɵˣλɷǵĵʿһ̤ʵĸоټҲŹɽɵţ֪ƽݵؽϺŵĴɣʵ͸ˡ
ԣͳһ˼ү̸ֹҶĸͣ
Ҷŵɽںδƺô˵֮λɺȤҲʱȥ
ҶĲԼˣܹǼ£ڿɽ۵ĵطҪȥ಻㣡
ӽɽ۰ҶŵʦŹȻͬ죬ɽ֮أ֪ʦ׳־۾Ź⣬˵ղֻȥĻôںܿڼƻŵɽȥɽɽסһˡ
ҶĿڣλ칫ӾȻֱӿʵҶŽҹɻɽڣصĻһΣ
ͶĪҪ֣͵Ļһڣүӵ¾Ͳˡ
ͱԼ׺ĵһ£ҲҶԣʵʵǰ󷴲֮󿴵ҶΪ֮㵲ѡ
λԶ칫ӲʿԼǸʱŵ
ǸѵӣӲǳŴһֻʥĴӣ丸үӵʵĽ
ģүӴΪļƻڼҪ߶·ܵݣܻ϶ˣԼ׼Ӧԣһһү˵ˡ
ҶҲһ˺һ֪ΪȥݵһԺǱĽޣȻȴĴٽϿ
ֻû뵽ڼӣһҲһ㳹׻ٵˣүһҪԼӶշǧĪҪ顣
۵ҶҲУʱүӿɹܲʲôС֮ˣ֪Լܲ˳ｭݣȫ⼸λˡ
֮֮£үӷĺˣ
˱ֻγͽܣԼֻҪչһͺã֪ϸԣЩɽ뿿Ͱ벽
ǱҪϵ˵Ҫɱ䣬ҲΪ
㱣֤үڷģԼȥֻȥ֮ǰ͵͵ĶҶ˵һ䣺ҹʱų
ȻҲҶһŹֵľԼȥ
ҸȥΪʦͽԼҶİŷ䣬ȥԼֵ۳֮ˡ
ΪԺ㿴ԼҶûʦͽѣصΪԼŵķڹ֮󣬾ͿʼѰ˼͵Ǿ仰ʲô˼
ΪҪԼȥ
Ҷİ˼֮Դ￪ʼܿƵ߰ĵطȥ롣
Ī칫ʲôȺãһ£ҡҡͷֲĲ붪⡣
칫ʵǸãһҪ˽ֽܿܶ⣬Ϊǵ͵ĺкģԲŮ
˼֮䣬ʱܿ͵ʱҶĳһջǾȥ۾ʲô飬ֻеʸиף˼ɲʲô֮
ʲôһүǣ书ѵһ޸֮


023 ߿Що˯
ʱ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿߹ڿеԼȺǣ¸̾ɿôˣ
ִеķǿհһЩҲ֪㲻һ־޴ʧһ̣ҶľôƯǿգȴô޷üȷһź
̧ͷ񣬼ͻȻһ£ҶһתͷͿЦеĿԼҶſʲô񣿡
һ˵һ̧ͷĴƺʲôܹҶĿôͶǺ档ҲҲʶʶһ
ⲻ֪ҶĴʱȴתͣôߵҶûвѵǿ̫ˣ
ֻͷ뷨ԼǿգҲδɾ裬˫һֱڹעΧĶ˿Լ˵ĹΪ߹ԼԼ˫
Լȴ˿ûв͵ĿĪһﻹǸز¶ĸ֣
ǽԼҪԼԤϵĻҪ⣬ָᷢʲôԼԤƵ顣
ţҶĲɫ͵ľ룬ȻЦӦ칫ҹԼǰ֪ʲô飿
ͷ·Ҷĵľٶ޲ЦеӣռҶʦڣΪ˼ȥͷҶһˣɽһΣ
ϡɽ
ҶͿǼԼѾһţܻԼԵͷôĹǲСҲһڼұƵĺˣܳȥ棬ֻΪĿǰ⣬³ʲôԼ
ô룬ûСӻԼɽιԼɽš
ͷ·˵ҸһǮȥֱձһСƵأȻҹİ˺ȻñԼɽǶôΪ˵飬ûҶѾһɫأ˵ԼĻʱɽɽϹһճǶôõһ°
ԭԼʱɽΪȥճҶĸоԼԴбըôҲû뵽һȻಡҪܵɽһѡ²λ칫ӣ㣬ҲҸһ÷үǰҹ˯ɽճвҪֲǱɽ
ֻⷬʵǲ˵ڣΪĳ̶ֳ˵ǰλҲԼĹԼôѾ˶ˣҲǽ˹ˡ
ǻɽһ˳ʦ͵һ룬ҶҲͲٵִɽ飬Ƕ˵˾䣺ѵ칫дˣԵ㣡
Цĺǿģɽķȥ߻Ҷ˵ҶĪҪǹӹӵĳƺˣұҶֵܣҲһֵܱˡ
Ҷۣ㵱Ը⹫ӹӵĺ𣿸ҺѾһ㣡̾Ӧ͵飬ֻûʲô˵Ͼ˸ʶڱӲקϳġ
·֮Ҳֻǵͷ·ͷǰУʱɽ¡
ҶͣȻǸô·Ȼ嵹ǲ
Ҫɽˣʱãɽ·ˡ߲˺˵һҶԴڹɾ֮ɽɽҲѲˣȻƽأҲڿĿİϲȥ۸
书Ȼ£Ȼ岻ɰҶĵĹƣ϶޷׵ϵɽ
ĵһ·ɽǰУڼδͣЪҲδۣҶĳʱû⣬һòԣΪԼѾڹ磬ֻһܸԼ
عͷֻͳƮƮӯ³մʹһżṦҶĺ棬ԵʮɣҶĻͷ΢΢Цһ¡
Ҷļ״ŵʲôƵؼæͣһı˸ᣬͬʱԼδͿҲǶԷиṦ¡
ЦԼȻΪֻԼһʱ⣬뵽ԷȻǸϻԼȻôŷ֣ԼĽ黹̫ǳԺһҪע⡣
Ȼȷ˶ԷȷôȴִɽҶľͲòԷˡϾɽҶĵͷ⣬ǶԷȥˣ˵һ˵زԺҵˣȻһʹᣬ޶ûؿȥ
ͣ½Ųתǰµۣû뵽칫ӻ㾪˵ҵûֱȥʶԷΪǱԷҲɵϣʲôͼıôܻװ׸Լ
ƺϵҶĻʣͣ½ŲֻѧЩṦȭԱɲҶֵһ㣬㲻׵
ҶĲܿףΪɽ֮ʱòƽ棬ͨ·ûʲô𡣶ôߵ·ȴɫһЩɽɻİգΨһĿܾϰ֮ˡ
˵ԼֻϰһЩṦȭȴ޷ȫšڽү֮ĶԻʱģү˵λ칫޸֮뵽һλϰ֮ˣʱٰҪտ
뵽оȻô׵ṦҶĴӸղһ۾ƳʹȫͽԼ˦ûӰӵɽˡ
칫ӿˣ칫ӵṦҪɽǷѲʲô¶ɣαػҪ⺰һ㿴ճ
ֻûɽڣҵɽҲȥɣٴǿⷬҪȥҶɽȥתתһҪڡ
Ҷⷬеͷ۷ǳתһ룺ɽҲʲôҵĵطҪʲô˼ҲסȻ˾һȥ׸ʲô
ͨЩؼҶҲͲڵϣתɽȻôǾͼ߰ɣ
ЦЦûд𻰣ǾҶǰС
һСɣһṦףҶ֪书ҲͲУ˫ȲǰС
ҲʹṦҶʼһ۵ľ룬ֻƬ̼ɽɽڡ
֮ͣҶĸеȻڣȴůȺĺǳ죬ⷬȫʩΪ󣬺Со
תͷٿͣһˡԭͳʱɣΪҶϣֻߡ֪պĻֻͷɽ׷ǳ
ȻһֱĸҶĺ棬վֻṦףΪ޷Ҷȣһ˼ɽ۵һŰƵĿҲѾͮͮһƬƹض總塣
Ҷֵܡߵôʲô
ҶļӣѾ칫ȻṦףȴƽƽԼԼҲοﻹԼʦʲô˼ʱһ޻ء
㣬ǿһֱѡڷҲ˼ͿЦˣ߿Щһ˯һҿɲɵһֱȵճʱ֣


024 Ĵ
˯ƺû뵽ҶɽΪ㵽ɽţûȥ˯
ȻҶĲȫΪԭôŬɽģǵȷһ뷨ȻѲں֮УȻɵĵ̫
ɲôʵ̫׳ˡ
Ҷһ棬֪˵ЦֻҡͷЦֹ㽫עеǰǸƵĴˡ
дɽֵңɽԵʮ㣬˵һۿͻΪһɡ
˭ܲµʵϾֻˣǵžվԼǰˡ
ҶֵܵʦŹȻǼƣ⻰˵ĺϣĿʱʱΡĸǽصɨӣΪǾ仰ע⡣
ҶȻаˬǱȴûɫû¶ϲı飬һں˵ĪҪˣҴȥ
ͬʱаϣȥ֮ĪҪŵ
ΪɽɽųȻ˲ǮɽţķҲô䣬û޽ӵľ书ؼĵطԼרĿεġҡͨͨû޽
ҶֻôǽطȦȻ޽סĵط֮ǸˡطǴƬƬĿյأһɽɵĴţôֻһоտ
ȻҶĽͿȻտԵúǾȣƺҪʲôסûʳڡ
ʣҶȻȥ𣬲ĴͷǰߣȫȻͶԵúǺ档ôӣֵǮһûм΢µҲҹӿ۵ġ
ֻرͻȻҶͷǰأͻȻͷǰһȣηӣҴɽɽţһ֪ԼǸʦѩ
ûҶĿڻػƿֱ֮ԼҶѩӳİĨҲûĿֱ棬æԼǰһƬ⣬Ҳʲô·ֻܽԼҪ˸ʵʵ
ɼȱˣм˹ֱҵԼ羮ѨԼϡǵûʲô£๻ʵҲûʲôѨǴ򵽼羮Ѩϵһ²ҪС
羮Ѩеһ˲䣬Ҷֻоһ飬ֱ۵ʱһǳɬ󣬲г֮סַɳ
亹ǣڰһѩѾ˱Լն˹
ʦãĪ֣ң
Һѩͳ֮˽ϳĿ϶Ҷĺʱ䣬һ治һʲô¹ʡ
ǻؼȴԼʦýˣҪѼˣ
ڰ߳һӰͬʱѾгҶųһҲֱӾʹ򣿡
ѩҲûʲôǴҹ˯ȴ춯ǲ۵˴˽Ȼһӻúʰһ뵽ȴԼʦ֡
͸ŵӻʲôкֱ²ˣ
Ҷ亹ֹƽʮͬѩⷬۡҪλãղǰ㱻˵ԼĻôоԲжá
´λ׼ĺáĪҪˣ
ѩ°ۣҪ㷢񾭴ҹĻɽûʵ㲻ɽȥô첻ͻˣ粻ػƫƫôʱ򣿡
Ҷʱ£̽뻳ȡ15Ʊֱӽѩϣҵһƣ׬˵㶩ϾҪ½ݣȰѶһڼȴҲˡ
ѩֽӹƱ־յʱʶԼղΪ˳Ĵæֻ˼·˳˾ֻһ£Ȼȴûϣ˵Ľ
һ죬͵͵Ľ׽˽ֻȴʲô棺ʲôнҲѵû15ҺͻȥϡֻƱûֵ˼
ҶƲѾͷӲҲûкӲתƻ˵ʦղְַ˵ĲףҴ֮²˵ˡˣղõʲôҺûмеģҽǹҵʲɡ
ղŴԼǶֻ۲ˣӦòǷ֮¡˵ɽҲûЩҶĺܺѩʲôĪʯӣ
һѩʲôƵأһѽ㲻˵ҲˣңЩɶǮ
Ǯ
Ҷһɵˣһ¾ѩǶʲôˣȥѾͷǬһ˰
ʦĨͭǮȫȻһԵ͡ҶǱһԼʦһһէĸŪˣѩѹûע⵽⻹վһˡ
ͶҲǵʱӣĲӣȻ˵˿ֻûһ֮⣬ǿʦþ÷ǳȤ
˻ҶóԼűߵļͭǮʰȻ߹ȥкﻹм
ֱʱѩšѽһ˾䣺ǺˣֻͷԼƺ˼¡
ǰԼʦֵɴŵˣȻǸֹźҶİ죬Ա߻վ˶ûע⵽ؼǣڿȻҶĵ۹ɰķǳʵĹܽ˿ȥ
ԼʦֿҲˣϾСһ𳤴ġȻе㲻˼Ҳûòܽܡˡ
һطƬ̣Ժ̸
Ҳû͵ݹǼͭǮѩŵ½һתľܻҶľͼﲢеѩǵҪ˵԰򶼵ˡ
ҶļѩźˣһƣȻ˳ֻͭǮץԼŲںǷԵòòλ칫ӦѾȱǮˡ
ЦЦ߽УȻҶķֱһ֮Ц˵˾䣺˵ʵҶֵɽţԤеġһ
ҶҲΪ⣬̹Ȼ׾ݣǮƣЩѾˣЩʲôˣǮû׬ǰλǱԼǮ
Ҷֵ̹ܵף͵˵ͷֻǽһȴҶһֻû뵽ҶֵܻΪɽڣڻû÷֮ǰѾǽãҶֵͼС
Ҷͷһ£гһȴҲһɣˣ֪㲻ʲôճǰ򵥣˵ĿҲʡϹ£
֪칫Ӻγԣ
û˵ûпҶģվߵſڣȻͣҿ
˵ҶҲߣֻ͵ģһֱƬ̺Ͳ˵˾䣺ҶֵܷĴߣ


025 ˣ
ԼﵽתҶĸоǳĹŹ֣·ǰ˲һ㡣
·ʱҶķͶΧĻǳ˽⣬һЩҶĶûע⵽ϸڡ
磬ڰҶĸƲ滷ʱͻͻȻĺһͻȻǰһ󲽣տʼ֣Ϊ͵ṦǺܿͲô¡ΪһŲȿղ˵ס
ҶĶԼҵؽ粻Ϥ֣ȻһֱסɽϣǻΧȴһֱںСһԼ˲ǮȦµĵطкܶĲ˽⡣
οЩһЩϸ΢ĵطеĵطӲ֮ڸǣϸƲƫƫͺЩϤһ㣬ÿÿƹȥֱҶҲ͸ͺ棬ôҲ
һ·Ҫߵɽ±ϣɽƶͣɽټľڣɽǻɣҶȻ޽ʲôǽοﾰɫҲȷܺãûµĻվҲһְ۷ˬС⣬վﻹԿԶɽسǣֻҪڰܿˡ
ߵȴûȥɽǱߣߵһ۵ǰڵϣĳǸߵ˼ͷȻ󾲾ĹһվһϵĳһЦŶҶ˵Ҷкܶʰɣ
ҶĲֻǿ͡ʱѾ³һЩµڼһߵͷ֮ԴǸ뷨͸ˣͬʱҲµʲôǷһͷ
ҶĿĲӣһ򲻿ܶЩϸ΢ĵطǰ⣬һ϶ɽʲôҲѰʲôؼҲп˸ˡ
ֿܣҶıȽںߣ²ͻһĸˣȻڸҵѧһͽɽϡ
ǾͲѽΪʲôڵ֪Լɽں󣬾һҪˡҶĲ²⣬Ϳ϶֪ɽɵɽҲ֪˶ٴΣֻԼǽһΧ칫ֻ̾
˵СӰҲ֪ˣѹһʱô˷ܣԭǴˣ
ʵҲҶµĲ࣬ԴӷȻһɽ֮󣬾ͺǺ棬ʱҲмֽύ֮⡣ֻԼ书Ͳݲñ¶һֱûйĵŰݷá
ͶĿҶģžȻûаżӣͬʱ͸¶һ˿Ϊһ¾ףҶѾµˣ
ҶʼȻںڰвԣֻ²£Ƿ˻Ҳ֪
͵˵ͷȻ˵ǰһһͨȻԶܾӹȤĽܻ취͵͵ĳȥЩġ
һգмҪɽۿճԾͳżҸԼ˸ˮɽֻû뵽һճ׵ĸıҵ
һˣһˣֻʱҲ֪ҲãƿڴִˣֻʱҿûƽϣһЩˮ
˱ҪĶ࣡Цһ£ƺ뵽ʲôȤ顣ҶûдɾĻ
ҸͻȻ˵˶Եرͷûʲôö̫Щǿİʽ
һ̱һ£һÿ춼Ӽ͵͵ܳȻȥ㹻ĳʳɽͻһЩʱֻһЩ򵥵ļӣ˵ÿػصô鷳ҾȽһṦˣҵṦʱʼţ
ҶҲˣû뵽͵ṦôãԭΪɡȻΪ˷ӼҺɽɽ
ƺҲôʵǲôκԼĻһµһ˼ͻȻñһԵĽҺöණͬʱҽЩȫ²ҲҪȫ
һºҲף˼ǲԼ޽ҪܵĽһЩϧʱȴĺ⣬лԹޣΪԼͳԵȴҪǵһĴˣ
ûҹˣȵʱ˵һۡ
Ϳ˿۵ʱıοֻ˵˾䣺ˣûϢʲô֪ĹҲ޷һ飡
Ҷû˵ûʲô
;ͷһͷ͹򣬱Ƿ飬ദһʱͷһҪһЩҪԼһжиһ㣬ʹͲΪͽĸоȴƫƫʱͷȥ·ʲôûзһǿҵķµӡʵ̫ǿҡҲеһλˡ
Ҿʱϰ˽ҵĹ򣬽Ķ书ҲȤϧʱѧĲ棬ֻԼ͵͵ϰûָԳ׷Ӽ͵Ṧĺ֮⣬Ʒڹ˼ҵĻڣǽһСɫˣ
Գһ£һ˳ӣôĽҲֻѧ˸Ƥë
;ԼĻ䵱Уվ￴·أ·ؼֻʣԼǰһһ
һԵҶȴԷ̬ⷬȻѾ֪ԷִҪĿΪ˼ԼġʦɽʲôͷôҲûбҪǰˡ
ҪҪлȥ˯Լġʦ
ҺãͺܿͻعЦŵҶŽЦˣ
ֻû뵽ɽϻ칫ӡˡû뵽ﻹ˵ķͷһǽȦɽɵˡԺ칫̽ˣǣɽɵĴԶǶԹӳŵģܹԼȲصȦأҶĸϽ˶Էһá
ǽƺһƵҹҲͳڻ䵱ʹɫ㱣û˵һ䣺ҲԺҲˣ
һͺҶĶ˵ʶԼ˵ʲôɫԼôôСģ
תһҶɫ֪ǻ϶Ҷ˸ҶĵĲǣѾƲ˲ٶ
ʵҶĵȷƲ˲ٶ
ʲô˼Ҳˣ˵ȥѧԺ٣ҲһμҶءؼҵʱɽ̽һ»ʱġĻֻһܣҲ׼صԼϼˣ
ƫƫҶĵ˼άǷɢʱͻȻ뵽֮ⷬҪٵѣǸŮǿԱɽ顣Īʲôһ㣬ԽԽÿɫԽ϶Լжϡ
ģС˲Ķ


026 ׳۾
ϣվû˵ʲôȻҲûһɱڣҲ֪Լ׾ɱҶģֻû£վһֱȵճ
ҶļͲ˵ҲֱӻԼϢһ£ȵڶϵʱųվԭƺԶɽسǷ
᲻Ұɣ
ҶûлȥȷԼĲ²Ƿ׼ȷ̫֮˾һͬɽȻɢ˿ԻصȥĵطϢҶȥɽھ֣Ҫ͵͵ؼ
֮һֱûҶֻǴɽھﾲޣżͷ⣬̸
һֱ죬Ǯ˲ֱҶҲһͬµĻ֮һ
ûмҶһƴڴ󺣳˻ƣԵʵǸСǺˣͷ𣿡
󲿷˶ֻΪҶֶʶһЩġֻ䳡ĺӣ͵͵ĺ˵ĪҪ˵ͷĸ֣
֣һëжߣүһƾһЩԼŵĲмǶҶԲǿ׳屧رӡ
ֻЩ˵Ļֻ˱˵ıӣ㣿ܴĹưڸ𣿡
һ㶣Ȼ⻰ʲô˼ǹԹԵĴ˾䣺ڸɽؽеŵĸ֣֮ȣ
Գ֮һ֪˵ӣһЦλֻһƾͽڸѪ˳ȥڸ˲ˣ»ڰоǵλˣĪ˵ֵûѹ㣡˵ҲȥǺӣ·˽ӴһԼҲֱһ
಻֪Ҷĵϸ֪Ϊʲôǰ촫ڴ󺣱˴˵ĴţҲΪͷǸһֱԼԼҪߡ
ڳǺӣ֪ⷬԼ˲ܵˣԽһӣȻ͵͵ǲ׳һۺզԹԣǸСӾȻô
ѵ㲻֪ʲôڹ˼ҿڹĸ֣ЩֻЩׯҰʽС㲻һεģԱһ΢еʶܲһˣҪϸ˵ɽƵǽ˵ĸûڴЩĸҲͺһˣ˲࣡
Ҳ֪λСѧڹ֪ܲҲȥѧѧ
Χ˶λ̨ʵܲˣԴ󲿷ֶֻһۣ°ģؼǰҲѧᣡҪȥѧڹڹôĶѧҪѧҲȥѧ
ŶеĽҲûϢ˶ʼʡһܽʡľڸ·
ȻҲõЩ߼ͨߵ˸ֻˡ
ͷĵ֣ҲʱһֱվԵ˹
һͯһø˻ɽɵʦͽ
ҪҶİƥģҶĲҶͬһŽҶĵĴ⡣
ֻҶĲûڳ棬ڳԱߣ˵λ÷羰һЩ;ΧĻ
ͶҶĵѡҲû˵ʲôֻ˵Ǿ˾ͽЪϢһҶЦӦˡ
ȻڴӦȴԲȥΪΪڳЩֻһ͵Ĵ˽⣬һ谭Լļƻ׼ҩʲôģȰô죿
Ϊ˱ֵù鷢ҶĻǹԹԵڴܼĵطűȽϺá˵Ҳһ̶ϡͣԼ80ӴˮƯ
칫ӰҪҳߣ鷳ԹԵĵ˽ȻܣΪǣҶֻܲͣϣǧҪڰ·ϾʧʲôġĻɽھֵڿɾ㶪ˣҪȫӶǻҪ⳥Ȼ˸˾ǮûãĻԼĳȻҲһˮƯˡ
ɲϣԼһ˽ݣȴֻ׬20ĻɽظЩɽʲôĴء
Ҳ֪ǲҶҪͷ̫ǿң߳ȥһ죬빫ͷͷӪǰͻȻһƱˣ٣ϸŵǹһ¶ʹһĽֵǮ£ϽүҽãѪ
ԱһҲź˾䣺ֻǮƣλʶȤĻǸϽϽ˵ĺã
һɫѿϳ˶·Ⱥһ⸽һʵ׵ǿǿǲɽھֱڵģֻʵڸϵش빫²ûѰڵĳھֵŶûҡ뵽Լ͵һطЩСˡ
ҲȺǿӱƽʱǼɽھֵĶ鶼ǶŵģһûŶûţ鿴ҲûʲôϤסʱǡø빫´һӪ
Ȼвһǻл֤ˮǿͲ֣Ҳ¸ǿݺǰ;ְҵˣϽؼȥˡ
һȺǿֵĽ·һ͵ȶ˺һɢ˳Լ·ѵ顣
ֻҪԷļ۸⣬ͷֱӹȥϾȵǮţҲŷǵú˴
ֻû뵽ӲӣǱΪСҲԼǰеʱѾи֪ʲôĺӴӶ˳һҪүүǮÿû£
һ仰Χڶ຺ȺӦʲôҪǮðɣܽүźˣӲ㣡֮˻˵ĻﲻȺ˳ϵŮԶһʺ˸顣
ڳϵҶָ廨ϡŹֵһ䣺ȵƦ֮ȺܻҪġһȺ߽ʿ
תһ룬ߵȺȻųǽˣ󲿷ɽضû߳ȥͺһЩ˻ڱصĵƦһôƺҲϡ档
Ա߲ԶɫѿˣȻ֪ԼƱ˹ֻһ㣬û뵽ΪҲôƷ¿Ҳ֪ԼôǶǴ
ͽܣƲȺˡ￴Ⱥ˺ͶǿҲûʲô̫ΨһʱǺԼһӪġ
Ϊ˵ʹӳ˳űͲƲĴ󺺶̾һ䣺ϰٸվ·мǺ׳۰
ҶȻԣӳһͷȥ


027 
㲻ǰȥ𣿡
Сòҳ֡
ȷһǿĪ˵Ҷĳ֣ǼʮĴҲԽǿˣοͷԱߣֻҪţ򶼲ЩǿԶͻȥˡ
Ҳӣվǰ汨ţȻԷͷ캮һ˵һЩʲôˮδϵͷĶ飬ȵûκķϻǿÿһ·Ŷȥ
ʵĽҲϣģɲԼѲ֣ڻûɽصؽʱʧοȫԱʧ
ǿ·С֮ͽһ£ûʲô飬һж
ŻҪһġҲ֪Ҳϰ֮ˣҪҲĶֻ֡صʵ̫ãɽƽݣֻҶһ֪ĵϸ
û˵̳ΪҶĻɶݵǸˣϷǸνŮͷӣп֪͵ϸġ
ֻ˾ʲôϵأ
µʱҶҲᾭȥ⣬ֻÿζ벻ȻֻܶĲ²һ˽ʲôɲĹϵ
ߺߣʲôĲӣʲôӣһӣ
һ·ϣҶľĸ̵ĥʱ䣬עͣûرľٶֻǼƺûκ쳣κ˶ֻΪĲҪһѧġ
ϣóģʾԸֵҹͰȫ˶ûƳʲôߡ
ҶĲ²׼˶ݵؽ㣬Ͼﻹƽݵؽ磬ϼҲ̫ЩҪӼҲж
ͨһ㣬ҶҲͲڼԼ񾭣ÿڳԱ߿ɫżҲ³һȨ塣ȵϢʱһڹڹ˿ҷɣΪڹˮ۲ˣǼ첻òСɵڹҲҪ˻ظոѧϰȫķǸˡ
нķ֣ԼڹΪû˲һļֻǷǳĲԡ
֣ԭȻԼ츳٣ѵ
Ʋ⣬ȫķ಻һʱ䣬ٶĿ죬˵ҲӢ۴뿪ĮĹһˮƽ
ԼڵˮƽӦòǸʱڵĹˡ⾿ΪԼڳˣΪʲôԭķԽ¶ʱǱŪˣҪȵɽȹ֮ʱȥо
ο֮ǰһҪǾǽ͵ļ飬ȸȥ
·͵Ķµıؾ֮·ɽأסسһɽҪĶĳΪ˶ҪʹطչҪɽǸûʲôرسǺࡣ
ڶͶ˿ջźס֮Ҷ˸к׼Ƿ뿪һ
Ҫ뿪鴦һЩ飬ͷûжʣֻҪҪ֮ġ
ûʲôֻǰеһˣ
Ҷش׵ȷһС£˼ҲںԼԾЦŵ˵ͷûȥʲôʱûȥʡ
ǸСͽԺֹ˾䣺ʦֵܺʦȭȴҹӶķҹ䡭Ļû˵ǱԼʦĪˡ
ⷬȻ󣬲˻мͷԼ£һԺˮЪŵͣÿ˶
Ҷľ΢Զ˵㣬ڹΪЩҲӲĶġֻͲںЩǸԺһͿԼѵָܴʲôû
ȫ;ˣ
кҶת뿪˿ջȻԼĵַһߴһ˹ȥ
ʱҶľһ֮ǰֻǰľƺԼ˵Щ롣ݣƺ޸ɽһСˣȻʲô֮ңҲΪӼһѵ
ǰ⻧˼ҡ
ʲô䣬ѹδϵ
һǸŵľ֨ѽһᵽһԣҶüͷԼЩĻľ᲻ֱһҵϡûãҲ߽ȥȻɤӱȽϺã
ҪߣԱһ·̫̫ͻȻͣ˽Ų˿ҶƺҪʵܼӵģ
ܣŶˣȷʵǼ޸һܵģǺܿ϶⻧˼ҾԼҪҵģʵŮ˿иɽصĽ㣿
̫̫Ѱ˼һ£ܼӺȷʵиɽأǴɽģ
здļ飬·ɽ˳
ŶŶôһ˵ˣܼȷʵɽصĽͨţµȷʵ˵ܼǻزඡ
Ҷüͷһ壬ҵȷʲô顣
ûʣλϴֱӾߴﹾ˵˸û꣺ˣǮ˰ֵܼԴˣǮ֮ǼҾͱඣԼͻ˾⣬ǷһƨɵծǰֵܼܼǮծִߵͶ˸ûӰֻڼ
ЩծҲˣܼҪǮǮŶƫƫܼǶʱΪɷծææƴ׬ǮǮûϣһûǮΣǰʱģزŶΪɶҪˣǮأʲôˣͷҪǮȥˣ̫̫Ҳ֪˵̫˻ҶĵĴڣһ˵һ߾ˣҶһһ㶵ģĿ̫̫ڽֽһתûӰ
Ǹôˡѹ˵þûϢյõļˣӵ·ͨҲ˼죬Ȼ˼¡
ԭǷʣ
Ȼ֪Ҷ֪վﺰҲû˻Լɴȥɣת˽ȥһԺȻӲݣѾþûˡ
Ҫ˵Ļ⣬ԺӶûɨˡңڷҲûһ¡
±Ⱥ˵һԼɣ
ֻת˲֮ͲµԵɣҶƿǰǸȴǿ˶ٵķţȻ˽ȥ
һȥͿһ£ֽĲҪҶĵĽŲҪ
Ҷֻ˵ģ̾һλӡ
û˵Ǹ˫ۿҶģԵҼʵûʲôֵǮĶˡ


028 
ǸһڣҶľ֪ԼˣԼ˵ծĶˡҳûô׺ɣ
һͼǰĸһģֱۿҪȥæַһ£ȻһԼ⣺ŵģ
ֻǻû䣬ʹһԻǳ۵ͯľǶƿնĺХ֮
ҶûлͷжϳһֱӱԼСģ𣬲һԾһ͵Ϯ
һ׶ʮᣬҶľĳԣھʹҲĵãһˮһ㣬˵ǡô
ֻҶĺԼĻʺһˣ˧ĶԾ֮ȻһͷĶջûб뷿һܽӴ
ĺ۵ͷҶĿ͵ϮԼ˵˭һԼ56ޣҲΣֻ˫鶯Ĵ۸˵ӡǳ̣ŭͽ䱸ĻҲҶĻøһ㡣
⸾˵ĺ˰ɣԭô󣿡
ʱĸˣЩƽռҵĸˣΪϵر죬Լ˵Ҷĸ벻ǵʵ便Ƕ١
ǰΪЩӵͣǱҪϼ֣￴ĳãԣȻĺӾȻôСҶĺǾȣת˲ͨؼ
ʱǸԼ۵СַԼĸףȻǲߴ彫ĸ׻󣬻ݺݵ˵׼۸
СһȻ˲󣬵ȴһ־˵ƣҶԼҪӵĸʲôĻСĳԼƴ
ɲģҲûȤһֱΪοղŻΪԭײһͷеҪ״̬
ȥ֪ᷢʲôù£
ԴԼɽûʲô鷢͵Ƿ顣
һ׬ǮûʲôƫƫԼײҪ˸ԼıųӣҪ˱һʱܵļһԲͿС˸ӰټСӵĹɲѷɫԼֵĻṦԼûκ֪
ȻԼ͸黹˼ҵĺӵծĶˣ޸ղʲô͵ϮԼȻһС۵ľһҪĽʵˣֵǸҲܡ
ҲǻˣֻǰŵģһԼݣҶĻӻнǷȡ˳
ֻǰǸСɲԼҺӵʱ˵ˣǴɽģҽ𣿡
ҶĸϽͷͬʱֽŵ˹ȥֻԼ˼ǸС޾˹һ˹ȥȻ䱸ĿԼɲ
Ǹ˴Լӹţ˻ȷŵȷԼģȻҶ˵˼䣬˽һԼһε˵޹ҽԭѾôûͽͨˣ˵ǿ˼£Ҷ˻ȳѪ˿ֻǸ͵͵һĨûԼĺӿ
ⷬҶٴüͷͬʱԼȻȴоûʲô
ٽأѾǺʱˡλӱƽݸҪԼɽȻסɽϣȴΪȿůСĺ⣬ɽΪڹСɣԲϺ
Ƕͨ˵һǿɾҪˡιһͨ˵ԶһҪͷ۵⡣
ӣҶվܸо洵ķ磬©ĻֻһǸϴҲأټزӵ˵ĻҪء
Լĸ׿Сͯû˼עҶˣתԼĸ׸º󱳣ȻԼóһȻСĴ򿪺ȡǸ΢ŵͷ˵Ե㶫ɣ˾ͻùһˣ
֪Ǹ˼ͷ̱ȵģ֪ԼʲôĪ˵ͷͷҲԼĺӲôʲô׬ǮķӣΨһĿܾ͵ġ
СͯƺҲ֪ԼĲԣĸ׺ǳֻǿ˵ѾûԶˣһɣ
ǳ⣬һֻú䱻ʲôסһϲϣ²£Ҳô˳ֻգ۵Ĺ򣬱ɫֽͱһƬں죬Ƿ˼ġǡǡ
Ҷһ֪ãȥס˺󱳣ȻȫķСĶɹȥȻͻȻۣһ³ںںĵǣ̼õһ
û°ɣôˣС֪ͯԼĸôˣֻһԿ޸ͣͬʱǸͷСͯҲĸ׺úóԵ㶫ܺˡ
ֻҶĸղŶȥ֮ʱѾ;ƿ֮࣬һͿ֮Ҳûˡ
ƽˣһǣȥˣ⸾˾ȻӲͦšתۿһԿ޵һͿĺӣҶֻεҡҡͷ
ҲΪĪ˵֮᪻ǶãҲ̫ˡֻܾ£һ˿ס˵ʲôԸûУ
ǸԴ³һڻҲѾ֪ã±ԼĺһͬһأԷԼҶ˵ʲԣҽͶɵһ֮
ɽţҶĵ˵ͷҲµ⸾Ҫ˵Щʲôˡ
˵˵ͷʵ֪ʲôɽɣֻҪ֪ǰһɵţʵ㹻ˡȻɽɵ󣬲Լ˵йĲ±Ӧûʲôġ
תָԼק˹ȻúӹڵϺȵү񣡡Ҳ֪ҶĶȹȥãǻعⷵգһİԼһǺӵǷӦܿ죬ĸҪ̾͹ؾصĳҶߵͷү
ԼӹԹߵͷһԵҶҲû˵ʲôЦˡҶԸԼˣҲܹ΢ˡ
⺢ƤĽҲʲôͷүúý̵պʲôĲãү𷣾ǣҲԼĺܰǽΪ˼ҵĵӣֻϣԼɽɵ첹ѾͷʳǾ㹻ˡ
ҶȻҲĳȻôСĺӾʲôź˵Ļ˵˾䣺ʡã֪ʱ˵̫ҲûãȰ˸˵Ҫ
ʱǺٱҲôˣ¿޵ֻǱŸ˺ﲻҪﲻҪ𣿡ʱҲ˲ʲôͷˣֶһԣԺҲ͵ˣҪң
ֻǸҲû˵ʲôҶҲԼ˿ȻĽƽԭǸСͯ˵˾䣺ˣúϢɣĪҪ


029 Լ
ҶĻǮ˰ѷˣ˸أǸĺӵһֽһֱæڶſһС
ڼ䣬ӷ·Ǻ³Լĸһ㣬ȻһֱûгֹǿҲҧ촽Ϸֱ̫ʱԼӽʲô֪
ҽѾѾ
ѾѾҶظһ飺Ů
ѾѾ˵ͷƺеô
˵ʵҶļΪԼĸױ۸ʱֵôӢ£ĸȥֵôǿһֱΪһкӡ
⣬ѾѾҲʵԿһŮӡ
ЩҶĶûʲôӰ죬ѾѾĸãҪǵľδˡ
ôȴɽ˵Ҳȷѡ񡣲ôҲӵĴ̣Ŀǰû˱ʵѡˣ
ڣҪȻصջȥȻͷ˵ҪϢ죬Ȼ󲹳һЩʳˮŻ·ܲһֱһΡ
Ժҿ𣿡
ڻؿջ֮ǰҶĴѾѾؼʰʵҲûʲôʰģֻ֮ǰƺϰߵҪһЩһЩҪĿԴߵĶϡ
ѾѾҲҲ˵ĺ統ңҲҶСӣҪԼĳĶࡣ
ʰʱѾѾԼĸ׵һЩʰԼĶûж١һ֮ҶĴȥڼ俴ǸڵϵͷѾѾǸͷȻһ鲼ϸϸİȻ˰
ҶĲô˼ûȥʣǾվһԿšֱѾѾæһУߵȥɽ𣿡
ҶûлشʵҲڿ⡣ܲһ·¶Ӱɣ
⣬ڻصջ֮ˡ
ڵ֪ѾѾ̾˿Ҳ֪˵Щʲô˿ԹԵˮСӣԼĽ飺Ҷŵù£ұиӻɽֱ͵ɣֱɽھס޲ɣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ¾˾ϣȻˣ鷳ͷˣֱ͵ɽаɣ⺢ӵݣҲһЩ
˵ͷȷʵˣ
Ҷĵһ⣬Ҳ˸ƾֱ֤ӺһԼŵù£СȻɽҪ֤͵ɽɽȥ
ʱҶĽʦôʱɽϣʱ㽫ŽǣĻҲû˵ֱӽŽǺ
ǺӵҲʹ죬±ȭҶŷģ֤УȻ׳˶ĺӴǸݸݵС޾·ֻ·ʱѾѾǷ·͸¶ֱ˵ҶĺǾһӡ
˹ο˾䣺ҲǶãܲø޸Ⱥһ·£¶޵
ƺôȥˣĻҲһЩ
֮µĶѾ׼ٴγΪһ·ܻᾭ¶Ұ⣬Զﵢ˼죬׼׵Ȼûмĵ
ƫƫǰһ˳Ա˷ֻҶһǰǲȴһϢ
ʱڽ˼ӣģҲǵصһЩ죬ĵЩǮЩƿ
ҲΪˣƺȵֶЩЩ޼ɵ˵ƽʱ˵Ķ
ƽҲûʲô£ƫƫ챻Ҷȥ
˸ղ˵ǶܵΣ
̸Ҷʲô£˵˵ţȴͻȻ˵˳Ƕһܵĺӣǻ˿ǮȻӻǮܵģֽܵıƵ·Щ
ԺȾƵҶĳʱû⣬Ƭ̾ͽЩߵѾѾһϵôôѾѾҵ顣
ǰһԣܵļһǱ˺ϻթ˼ҲƣҲסˣ¾ߵԱߣֱӾͳ
ĵģ˵߯Ǯƭ˻꣬Ƶ˼Һ·ʣ¹¶ĸҲŹ˼ȥҪծ˵ƵǼҪڼˡ
˵ҶľͿˣʱҶĲҲ֪˵ľԼ֪ǸܼңǸܼҸ˻ԼԻǮ˸µᡣ
һЦ˵߯ͻȻбͻȻһ仰۾һбһ£ǸˣĲ۵Ĺʲô´ոʲô
һͰҶһ٣Ҷĵ¾ŭգ챻ܼĸӵĲ״аڵֱͷ˦־һͣǸһѪݶ˼ţ˵˻ҪҪҽ㣿
Ҷĺ˵ԹޣֵʱھǸðǣλز
˳ʱǺȵĶˣֱԼֵܱ˴ѪŷӦô£վ˾䣺
֪ҶĿֱӻ־һƣЩȷ˳ȥˤڵϺߺҲû
ʱôˣղźȵǵҲҶ´ˡҹ⿴Ҷǵڶ£ܽһȵĲɳȥǾԲС
ȱǸʱ򻺹ֿҶų¾һ飬֪Լ˲õˡ
ЩҪۣ˵ʲôҪʺ۸˲ŻݣӲӣôҡβ֮ҵҲǱ˭졣ҶĴ£׹ǰȻȴԼܵ˺Ц˵ȵۣú֣֣
ҶҲһʶԼ䣬ʩͽҲͰˣһ䣺ղǶ̸۵ģǶܼҵ飬ٺ˵˵
ǣǣúϸ˵ǻЦҶȻ۱ſڵϻںǸֵܣԼ̫ùǱԼҶˡ
½ǶܼҺӱǻڲƭһܳȥǮȻ׽ܼҺӵͻһե֮󣬻ƭծ˵ܼҺһԼǩֻ֣պȻƵͶ·ʼղԼǩ֡
˵б£ץܼҺԼϰӡˣ
ʲôԼҶ˳˾䣬ȻǻɫúǹŹ֣˰Ҳû
ԭȻûʲô£ǲԹɫĹǲģղŽʱһֱв쿴Լôôڲƭܼ˵ʱλүϾһƬŭɫǺܼʲôϵ
˵µʱҲ֪˵˵
ٳٲڣҶҲЩͷˣһ䣺ʲôԼ
ŮԼǻ챻ôһţѿ˵˳˵ͰϣλúĪҪҵ˳Ͳ
ҶԴŭǷƺݺݵһӣžҪһֻǻûڣԶʹһŭȣֱд


030 ӡ
Ҷ͵ȣһ£̧ͷǱһ֪˲֪ΪʲôܵǰãһǡԼǻĶԻ
ֻûʲô˼ȥ˺ѣתͷǵƦ˵ץǸܵˣôأ
ǵƦһŵĻûعаôֳһϵ뻹ûӦǰǸ;ôһֵ⣬˳ھʹӼȻõԼȥҪ˰ɣ
ǰ󿴿ҶĻϵɫÿʱƦҲȥֱӽԼ֪Ķ˵˳ʵ֪һʼǵܼҵŮԲڲƭܵĶǮֱ˼ҲֺƭһԼŮծ
ҶĺϵֻǿԼƦ֪ڵȴģӵ˵ʲôרƭǮթȻ˼ŮͷﻻǮ
ܼϱҼûʲôɫΪô˶ʲô˼Ҳ¶ҪܼޣȻ߼ۣС޷ҪֵǮһЩ
⻰˵ҶѾȥˣҲûбҪȥˡײˣ빴йϵԾƭЩŮȥЩǮǶܼҵŮѾѾԲװܼҼҲƭ⣬Ȼ󻹲ϰݣڲƭܼ˽ǮĲ
ѹܵˣ˻ծ
ʱĽ˽һﲻˡҲ˵ʲôԹźıȥҲ˾ü˳
ǽѰҲɱ˳˾£ܺ˵Ůȥ⵽˵ĵִָ˱˴аӵȥˡ
ȻЩ˶һЩƦå㲻ĽˣһЩ׼ҲǰŽϵı׼ģĳ˱㱻޳ܰ࣬ĸ·ĸţɱҲǡΪû˻˵ֳƿ졣
ӾˣɽسҲеҲмСܡƽʱ۸һЩƽͷӹĵҲ
۹ⲻ֪ʲô˲ܵô˹Ҳûʲôڼ֮ʿ׷ɱ
ֻܹùһ죬ôҲ벻Լ¾ȻͬسǵĲåͱҶĵĶ
ƽʱҶһˣûʲôҲп˳ȥΪҲǸ˳Ϊ֮顣
ȴһˣӸƵǡԼеϵˡȻǰ˸ӴŵĵعٹϵܹҲǡԼˣ
ҪǣӱܵǩǸԼڽѾѾӣڲˣԺ˼ԼȻ壬ٲһ鷳£쵶ն飬鳹׽㡣
վҶһץסåļֱͷۣЩڵϣǾһʡˣȻ΢˵㾢˵˾䣺ȥסǴעɽ˯ˣҲҪ¸ˡ
֪ԼҪåţͻȻڣҶŴ˷ǰȥΪϵӲϵҶͬȥ
˵ҲҶĴӦӦֱԱԼһŭȾܳ鿴ͽܽ칫ӣҶȥȥ
ԳĵĪϽӦǣСԺȴˣֱӵ˵СõʦԳ֣Ӵͱǣ
ֻûдӦֻǺ˾䣺ʲô¾£˵תȥṦ׷ǰȥҶĶˡ
ԺʦԼеίԼʦֱԹʦ߯Ҳģ˳ʲҶŴȥʲô⣬ȥģ
ԭֻԼʦΪ˱ҶĲŸȥģϾҶģʦ鲻²ǸͷԼʦҶĶչˡ
ʦԼʦô˵ֻεҡҡͷԼʦҲе޿κΡʦʲôãе۸ڶһ֡СӢۡ˼
£ֻԼʦܵļȻŸղҶ˵ָָʦܣ
ԺһĪʦּȻ˵ˣܲܲȥơתͷһֻӲľϣȻһӡӡ棬Ժ߹ȥȻһ£ͬʱӵӲȡ˵⿪ջݵģĲܣӿɱùʵò˼ͻ˭Ҳⷹ꣡
ȱȻ˰죬ԺһӡĪǸʲôҶŪİɣ
Īûлشֻ̾˾䣺ԺĪҪСƱˣҶŵʦȻԣΪȴǲġһɢھҶȴǾԱȲϵģ⻰ҲǸԼʦܣ˼ҶĿɲҪԼʦȥ湦ġ
Ժզզ죬ƺͬԼʦԣֻ²̨˵˾䣺ߣѧɵĻȻʲҶˣ
Լʦô˵ĪҡҡͷתصȥˣаôɵڹȻ㲻ʲô񹦣ҲȲ̸ΣŵҪúܶȴˣ
ĪԼʦӽ20ˣҲǸոҪﵽı׼Լʦ£Ҳɽ֮ܿʼϰˡСʦܣȻ츳鶼ǲףֻҪϰڹҪá
ֻûԼʦǱȱȻƺԼǷܷҲӡһӡ
֣ھһƣӡǴˣҲɢˡھɢֻӡȴġ
Ҳ֪ǸʲôҶôģȻôڹ
ʵǶ֪ҪڹʵҶĲǿֻȫķƽͣƽȣҲǵӦ֡
ڹˣ˵ͲܿƵ֣϶Ͼ߻ħĿܡ
ԶЩ˵ھɢڹҶ˵ֻ
ڻɽɵɾѧȻҲǵķȴڸңû㹻Ϊڹ൱磬շ硣һ㣬Ҳ͸˴жϣʵϾҲƵĴ
δϵҶŵڹ˵Ĳף
å·Ҷһ·ǰУͻȻôһ䣬Ҷһ㵡
ԼղһģǱϵ˸ˣ
ֻЦЦû˵ҲΪҶĲϰԵǫһ䣬Բûȥ
ǰ·Ǹåһ󱯿ࣺҿô찡ǱӼҵӣԺûкӹˣôţ²Ծľ˼֣Ҳһ
ǰ·åĲԽԽСԽԽأҶֻ˼һתһʲôϾǰҲڵϻЩһһЩ뷨¾͵ģҼӣǼһԺҲҲ鷳


031 
Ҳ鷳ˣ
åǱ͵͵ҶеĳͬʱǸϵҲʲôȱΪĽɫλúǴ˴ɱͷġ
λúåһ뵽Ҫ߶µ˾䣺ҿɲԴǵطȻ뿪
ɲϣԼʲôϹϵٸʰЩȴйǿĽʿʰȺƦ졣ǹٲⰸû˽ᣬԼץȥȻ۵ԼϽ᰸Ҳǲܵġ
ԣյİ취ѹͱñ˿Լйǣ
ԣȥرܱܷͷ
ԼåһһѱһҶܷŹԼ
ֻҪҵˣҶҲΪֻҪԼҵȻҲûåʲôˡǴɱҲҪһ֣ȻԷ뿪
ллúллú
˵سǱԵһڵϹûʲôΧķҲƾɲҪҶݣǾǱ׼ƶߡ
ҵĵӣ߱һҶľ;ΧĻƺҲ̫˵㣬Ӿס
åҶôһʣλү˻ɣæ͵ƽʱȻסֻץܼˣôԼҡƽʱûʲôסֶҵӣʲôҲ˵ԡ
Ͳ˵ˣҶĵ˵ͷ˾䣺ˣ·ֹס⡣
Աߵϵһ·δ仰һֱĿҶġʱҶ˵£Ǹé®ĳȻۣȷʵһЩ顣ֻһˣ书ףֲƫƫͲ˹ˣ
Ƶʱǰ·åͻȻֹס˽ŲҶ˵˾䣺ˣ㿴ǰǸлԺӾķᣬǴʱںȾȡ֣úҪҪ˯ٶ֣
ҶһЦһ£ô鷳ҿ׼ڲ棬ڵĻһͿˣ
åƺû뵽λúôʹ죬̾һϲλåµյǽȻ͵͵ſǽͷһٺҶĵ˵ͷֵܺȾأ
ˣˣҶĻ˻ȻҲǸåֱԺӵĴȥåҶˣȻֿ磬ϵʿҲûԼһۣҲԥת˸Ӱ
ȥʰϸȥضһǸɴԶҲǾͲö֪ˡ
ҶߣǰŵľͷţֻҪһƾܴ򿪵ƫƫȻ̧ҽźݺݵһȥ
Ͳʵľ̷˳ȥǡҵԺֵĳùϡ
ںȾƵĺһԣȻһ˶ſڴһ䣺ĸ۵ľȻҴ
ֻ˻û˵;ǰһȻͷһͷԵҲûվ˵ͷһֻ⺺ӶͷһϺڣԱ߾һ鲻ʯ飬ֱӽ⺺ڵصġ
ʯ˵ĹҶʹÿ൱ˣСɵ׼ͷǰͬն
Ī˵һѰӣǵҲǲܡֻǸղҶĳֵʱ⣬⺺ӲŽӵһ
ӼԼͬźһݻͱֶʯͷŵȻԷһžܽ߷ôԶſԼһֵܣҲ֪Ӳӣһٷźݻ
һ಻ĺӢĺӱȭʵ֪λúϵģΪʲô»µ
⺺˵ļ仰ǲԲƣϳ಻·һѰ˶Ϊһú
ҶĴۣʵģл
Ǻüͷ¾ӣ֪λֵº£
Ҷ⻰һ㶣´˼ۣԴ˾䣺ӣΪӶһգӵһ뵽ȻôһӢΰĺӡ
ʵ֮ľ޴󷴲˺һӴһ䣺Ҿǣع
Է̹ȻϣҶҲܶԷƤԼԤеĲˣ߽Ժ˾䣺Ƕܼҵģ
һҲԲ׼Ҷ仰ʵĵʲôֻǼҸͷˣֻǺٺһЦ˾䣺ܼҵծҺǷծ쾭顭
û˵꣬ҶľһЦڴĻǿ硣㣬ܼ˵ļҲƿǱʹڲƭȥġ
⻰һӾ֪ԷΪˣ鵹ĵȷȷģҲɴֱӾͳٺ٣»ľУǺִⲻˣǮҲǷôǮ
£ҲľƭǮȻ˲ܣȷҲһеҲա
ߺߣ˵ĽƻҶٴδӵĻǲǲ˵ˣ
һҶ⻰֪Ҫ⣬̼ˣҪҶĵĹֻҶĵĲʵ̫ԼĲӻûȥͼԭԼкüԶǰȻ۲һգֱӾһȭ
ҶȭʹԼĿǰΨһѧĳ·ȭ̫泤ȭȭഫ̫ԿطԿطȡ֮ҲΪ˴γ˶֪ȭֻȭûʲôϡĵطͼϰ˶ųȭҲ˶١
ȻһǷôȭսǿУȴȭǷ˵ҵˡʲôﶼܷӳԲǰԻս
ҶȻǷǰǿĶҲʲôָ֣һصĻͷӡҶȭھһȭ˵ּֿӼû취κηӦһȭֱҵϡ
ȭϾӱĵɳȥȻ˵ϣӸǱȥѪȾĺƵĶҲû˸ղŵǰӢ֮
ǸöȴһƤңаԸ̣ҶȥӣһѪֹıһ߾ԼǼֵҲ˵һԣɷǸԼҲһȭࡣ
һΣǲڲƭܼҼҲƣȻ󻹱ǩŮԼȻ뽫ܼŮȥҶ˦˦֣ղһȭûȭͷˣֻմ˲Ѫա
ˣ˼ѾȻרԼġҴжϣһˡֻףԼСåʲô
ѵЩڼ֮ʿĽͣеˣǲˡ
˼һ˶ƣűӣ˵ȴЩλúĪҪϻˣҪɱҪı㣡ӼȻ·֪ôһ죬ǸүǸʹģ
ҶԴ֣һ䣺Ů浱ԼǸˣ˵ô׳ҳʲôӢۺú
ֻҶûϵԼû꣬Ӹֺһ䣺ֻȣպְѰ»ĪҪûȴк


032 
ְ
Ҷ벻¾ȻͽбȽְ֪ǣѲӻְİڣ
űӺݺݵĵ˵ͷȻ˵㣬ְнģɱңְպ󶨻Ѱ㱨𣡡
ʵϣְûʲô飬ֻŮĻƵĵȷȷΪְſʼɵģЩԼѾ˼ŪġĹȫְĲҵ
ҶֻЦְ̧ҾͲɱҽ㽫ɱˣ˭֪ģ
ⷬ˵ɭɭ˺ķһ顣ɲһҶ˵ĻǼ٣Ͼֻһûݳ޵óĵĵز
ҶĲһԼеĳǰ˿ɲֻ˵˵ԼҪˡ
һˣһߴģúúʱʶӢۺú׸ûã˼ҪɱĻѹῼôࡣ
ҶҲȷûп̫࣬ְʲôĺԼʲôϵǰְİڣˣǵԼͷǾǸպְҲվ
ȻԹռеģΪܶʱ˼ҸͲ㽲ǽȭͷȭͷҶҲ£ǴעҪնݳֻҪĸɾ䣬˭֪ɱģ
ҶڵпûʲôҪ鵽ϣûһصĻ湻Ǻܲ鵽
һصʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ҶĽԼΪһءȵǸʱ򣬼ְѰԼҲŽǰƵĵ˴ˡ
ȻְΪ֪Ĵ϶ôֻɵ̫ܶԶҲǴƽݷֶЩƫƫƽΪʵְķֶʵҲ޵ĺܣķֶѾƽǿ֮һȴΪƽʵûʲôŻġ
ְﷴ˸;NPCˣҺα
ת֮Ѿ˸Ҳٺӷϻὣʹֻ̣֣ͻȻڣҶϵ˼仰
ҶȻڹǿȫķ֮ھշ磬һڣ⽣ͣ
ֻЩŵ˿ӣһһէʵѹúӷҲЩɥˣ
ҶһȻ֪ԼɥǱȥظڰɣ˵ʱȴûսʣתͷˡ
缸ߵǰ棬Ȼʵ˵ְϵĪǿŮ޶ְĲҵ
Ҫ˵飬ԱҶķḻ˲֪١Ⱥ˵˼仰ͱϵ³˸˾Ųʮ
ְ֪ȻӣҲԸʶ䵽ȱڣƽ׵׹Լͷ
ΨһпְľһЩϵְµֶӣʲôĵҲûپӪҲΪְڽáվѰ˼һԽ϶ԼƲȷġ
ֻû뵽ôҲǽŵİɣл֧ЩƦȥǿŮȻƽӵС
ϵǣҲϷŹְδҲ̫ɥˣ
ⷬǰʻҪȷԼƲ⾿Ǽ٣ģٲûȥҪԼʦ˵˵뻢ɽɾҪְϾˡϾǻɽǾԵɣж޵ˣƽʱɽҲ֮ʿԾӣְĵļһﳶˣպְΪ¶ʹ֮ʱĪҪԼɽų˽ȥ
ҲãֻҪһ䡰ǻɽְһ֮ѣôǻɽɵƾǳ׵ĳˡ
ѰСɣʵҲ鷳ְôҲƽݵؽǿ֮һɽûʲôɻ治ǿڷҪء
ʱҲ֪ȻϵʿƺüĿģҲΪϵʿԸԼһ·
Ҷгָû뿪ԼҪϵʿҲû˵ʲôֻ֪ҪԼϵʿʣԼɥ֮ʱ
֪ƦͻȻ˵˾䣺Ҫɱɱ˰ɣʲôҲ֪
Ҷһˣҷ룿㻹˵㣡
˵Ҳֱһ̤ǰ̧źݺݵӵСȶȥһ²ȵּֿӶûӦô£;ǰӰһΣԼСȾʹһ˺ѷεľۣ۵໴УҹҲ֪ء
ֻطƫƧΧֶ֪ӵĵ̣ƽʱûץһЩˣȻٰĥΧϰߴĲҽУƾеĶôңûһ˼ҳ鿴
Ҷۿ󺰴УȻҿ˿Ȼûκ鿴һ£֪ʲôԭˣһƽʱû£ıӦ
ȵӲˣҶ̺ȵϽػٲ˵ұһҲȶϡ˵ʹĸ첲
Ҷ⻰ɲƿЦһ˵Ѿӵһȣһ°ŵĻɢҲӲæ˾䣺˵˵
Ҷֶô΢üֻҲ׶Դ˲ݵĻ治ð죬ҲһֱûȵӴԸ˵ˣһ飺ŮӵĹְĲҵ
ǣǣǣʵȥŮҲΪЩ˵ֻҪлͨͨգһĻܶһ룬ȵƭǮҪǿࡣ
Ҳ۵ĺˣͲһʲô˵˳ʱұӦ鷳˼ҸңԺӺ̨ϰӲأҲú££Ȼǿ˸۳
ʱҲ̨֣֪ϰ徿˭Ȼôţʼղ˵һκȶ˵ʱҲųŶԷ˵ǳְ
˵һѣԼϵȵĴȴͣġϣϣʹУȷʵǰ֪Ķ˵ˡ
ҶĿ磬ֻϵʿҲ֪ЩʲôҲٷϻһֱӽĿڴ˸ͨ͸
ԱǼӵֵܣԼϴһ˵ʲôǰƣһƬ⣬ȵȥЩѾһһȥظˡ
һۣͼҶг·һ㣬ৼڳȡȥ²̣˾䣺Ҷų߯ˣȻ׶Գֺαضɱ
ҶȴӦ֮ͽɱɾѵˣɲŷʲôֻ׶ȻΪĹƨ񾡲ŷ׼򡣵ȻҪɱȺһְҪһʱҲ鲻Լͷϡ
ϵʿҲΪϵʿҪŹȺһҪģղžֱӳסԼˡ


033 
ȡ˲øɾҶǰǰһȦĽ俴һݵĲеˡ
˱ҶѰ˼ĪǾѾѾĸף
ֻҶûκλȥ֤ʵһ߹ȥҪϸ鿴ܿǰѾûϢһ°ͣҶķ˾ȻǽԾһѾϡãҶһͲͣżĩɫҺ塣
ʱҲ˽ǡÿҶĶ鿴˵ӣ˾䣺ǡ
ҶϽֲɾվҡҡͷѾһӵʱԾġû´ӦþǱӵ˱ƵŮԼǩֵܼҺӣ
˵ͷ²⺺ΪƵԼǩֻѺԾԲŮԾ
Ҳûж˵ֻǽӸ˸׳죬һЩǮҶ˳ЩȴҶҪĶ
֪ɱˣһʬҲ˸飬ҶûҵԼҵĶе㲻졣
ҪҵȻǷԼȻⶫϣ˭ⶫţ˵ûᱻ롣
ֻҵһˣܹٵһ鷳ԲŻ﷭ȥ
翪˵˵ãԼѾļҹˣҲᷭ⼸ӣ
⼸åȻóƭǮƽʱҲǮȻжٻ١ϷǸոյֵǮơ
ȻõԼȻֱȥҹǱ߻Ǯȥˡû飬ԶԷҲȼɫ֪ɫΣͽ˿
ʵҲ࣬ΪӳںԶԷҲûֱӰǮӣֻԼȥǶܼץˡֻû뵽мӣѾѾСѾҶ͵ɽѾѾҲѾ˳⡣һȥֻܿһշˡ
ҶҲ뵽һ㣬ֻҲûʲô취һҪͶ£ȥõȴţȻնݳ
ߣգ
ϾǮ֣ܹӦɽھֵĲ£Լ黹ǵơ˵Ȼʱ鵽ļҹԼ
ǲ4İҶ֪ⶨǹѾѾǮúһŮ޾ȻֵôɼһûѾѾĺӵˡ
ۻ
ĴʲͣлصҶһʼ޴й
Ҷţʱˣһȥ
ңɫ
ǱѲҹĹٲƼҪ鷳࣡
ˣȻ¹ٲҲĺ͹ٸԡǸոӣɱӦõĶˣܹǴԣǾЩȥĺá
ҶҲһ㣬ǸѾѾ׵ˣĺãԺﱻԼɱʬҰһͻᾪٲʱʲôҲиƵİá
ҪԼԼܲƾƲȷȻһĹɣǽٲˣת˵ͷȻ˿첽뿪˴˴
˽ǹףƬ̼ͻص˿ջһ·ҶѾմȾѪĵطһԻҲ˲˶ûСֱӷǽ˸Է䣬úϢһҹ֮󣬵ڶһƽһϴȻһ¡
˳ǵʱҲûʲôҶĲ²Щʬ廹û˲ȥǵطҲʵ̫ƫ˵㡣ʱٲ֣֮ʱǻЩ鷳Լˡ
һֱ߳·̣һֱûͻȻڣҶֵҹȥˣ
Ҷһ㶣ʵǺ£ҲûʲôģֻӦ˾䣺һЩ˽£㲻壡
Ȼ˵ɱȺͽеΪͷȴһеĸԴǳ˽ģܼԼ޸ϵԼ£Ҳܹȥɱһͨ
ԣ֪˷Ϊǳ˽ģ㲻ʲô֮٣ȻҲͲԸƽ׵ʲô֮
ֻ˵ȴֻҶǫ飬˾䣺Ҷֵǫˣƴ˵֮ұĽ
Ҷһ֣ƿһͯڳϣ׹Ϊʲôͻ޼ɵԼЩ顣
ͯûͬһҶֵܲ˵ʱָԼԵĻ裺ɫĺҲůůӡ
ʱѾȻûѩǱ紵ΪܡȻ˶йĺӣҶĸô˭Ҳܲˡ
һͨҶûϢãڹϰˣʱȷʵЩ䣬ȥҲһЩ
Щɵ飬ʱǲˡʲôıƣ֮ģҲȥˡ
ʱҶҲˣͰܾܣԼʱһסҲˡЩǡɽھֵԼҪܵȥүһ˵ͷҲûɽھΡ
ӽ˻˿ҶľԼһ˺̧ܶ࣬ۿͣҶĺʵ׼ʲôʱ뿪
ֻһʣҲûָܻش뵽Ƭ̺󣬾ȻֱӸ˴𰸣ȶеݵؽԺٸȥģֻȴЩԥ
Ҷۣſεǳ֮ʶǸҶԼҪˡ
ڼң£ΪԼʱ뿪Լĵط뿪ˣǸطԼôᣬһЩ
Ͳһ嶯һˣʶһ֮ʼͣķ˼ҳһõѡҲӦѡķԼķգ
Ҷļ֪Сӿ϶ˣ֪ԼǰľǶôˣҺ֣㾿ΪʲôҪҳߵģΪף
룬˵ͷòϣԼڼţԼ׸Լŵĵ·ȥԭΪԼĸס
Ҳֻǵø׺ú뷨
úһ˵ôһ䡣ҲԼʵ뷨ĸʲô鶼һ㣬ԼֻҪͰȥһŵĿܡ
ҶĲ˵ˣڼͥͨ⣬ûԼֲʲôͥרҲǴͥ׵ʦҺ˵㲻ûˡ
˰죬Ҷıﲻס˵һ䣺кԼĸ˵𣿡
ʲôͲҶĵ˼
ҶеΣĵ˿ͦİôʱȴԺֻ˵һ飺ҵ˼ǣȥ㸸ףȻʵ뷨߹𣿡
ˣֻ¶һ˿Ц֡
Ҷʵܲˣ̿ڴĻԶûԾ¶ԣ˵˾Ͳȥͣû˵Ѿ㹻ٶԵԼˡ
˽̸겻һӣֻͻȻƿڵ溰һ䣺鷳ͷһ£ͷ顣


034 
µļƻΪ͵뷨ıգһƽݶû߳ȥ̤˷̵·
ȻһЩ˶ҹĪľЩͷԣǿǵǮһĲ٣ȴûʲô鷳Դ˶Ǻܿĵġ
˾òˬҲֻһ䣺Ǯ˾ͰϹô
Ҷ֪飬û˵ʲôҲûбԹֻŶߡ
̵·ҪʱĶ࣬Ϊǵû߳ԶԴ󲿷ֶϣܹȥЩ˻ҪȥžۣҲҪȥõǮȻȥұ׬ǮĻƣΪؿɲԶˡ
ڻصɽصʱҶıʹ飬úò̽һѾѾǸļҹȥˡֻɽشʱȴ˽ϵУϲȥҲ֪ʲôԼȥĺӡ
ˣѾѾɽʱҲõЩ˾ҶĲɫŶ뿪ɽء
ͻȻ˵˾䣺ΪҶֵܻʹȥأ
ҶĲ̧ͷһۣЦ⣬׹칫Ӷ֪Ǽµ顣
ֻҲԼ˶֪Լûκ˵ҲǸᵽĶ֮ˡ
ôֻһˡ
Ҳڣ
Ҷһ뵽ɫͲÿ뵽һóṦԼû޵һʱֻҪṦ΢һ˾ԼĶĿˣ͵͵ĸѷ֡
ЦֻɫȴǲҲزסġҲûأΪԼܹڲԼҶĲһ·βˣĹۿȫǵ⡣
ѧ书ԽȤ֮󣬾һֱҪԼĹ򾿾Ǹʲôˮƽ
Ҷĺ棬ϸĹۿҶĵĳ֣Կ϶ԼҪҶĽֲ˺á
˵ҶĵĹ٣ֻҶĳֺ̫ӡ󡣶ΪһʫԶԲƤҲգľҪԣֵʱ϶˼ɣôһҶֵ˺á
ֻҲûֵõĵطҶĺ˶ûвԼԼṦֵýġ
ҶĿŵͣ޲ֱӾ͸һһȭȻڼԼɱ˺ȻɵԼ˼ʲһǿ
Ҳʺڽд
ôһ룬Ҷת뵽ԼǿԼɱˣʹӲĻ̹ȻҲûʲô֡ԼɱôˣȻǻˣȴûаòʡ
Ҳʺϻ콭˰
һ·Ͼô˼ţܿͻصɽأڻ˱֮һ׳ʿһȥı׳̬ԼͯͱԼҴլȥ
ͷ˼е˻֮󣬳һȻ֪ΪʲôͻȻ⣬칫ƺûµ˼ˡô˵ɽھֶǶһ١
Ȼһûọ̈̄ͻǺʹıʾᰴյ˵õļ۸㣬»ô޴Լ
ԶȥתҶĺھЪϢЪϢһȻûλֵ鷳ܹͷ˼һΣԸñʾҪʾһ¡
¾ϯƹѲžƱͣĺ˵ŸлĻŪҶĶе㲻˼˵Ҳûʲôͷ100ʵ̫֮࣬ʣ80Ͳˣ
ֻԼ׬ǮɲΪһ˻ɽ滹˵ԼǮȥùأοֶһСѾͷպ⿪ֻܸ࣬١ǿûڣֻеҲסˡ
ʲôˣϴʲôûҶԵʱͲµ˸šֻôǮΪ˽ҶԼɣôܲ80
ҲҶĿڣ̾͵˷Ҷſĳʤмֻĳи֮룬ϣҶܹӦ¡
Ҷļˣ֪ǹ⿪ڸԼһ̨ףԼ80Цſڵͷ˵ǣҶĳĵ޲Ӧĵ
˵ͷתԱһģ˵˾䣺ȥ
һֱԱŵһ⻰̲µ˼ԼǼƺЦ
ҶҲǿһ£ĵŲµʲôҪΪŮҪӶҵͽܣҵӦǲӦأ
ʵһ֣Ҷ˵ǼõĻԵ׳ɽŷǳ档Ϊǽ׻ҺӰɽɣǶڽɽھֺɽɰһ
˫Ŀǰ˵ɽɻ޷ɽھȡҶĵĹ򲢲Լͽȴ
ɽھһҪԼĺӰ߼ɽɣôɽɵ̾ͻһ̨סͬʱһЩҪɽͼıļһҪúÿһ£Լܷǵ׵ˡ
ôҶ˵ǰһģΨһƵľǽףôԼǷԸֱԼҸ
˵ǣûҶľ̫ãܿ˵Ĵ£һԼĪ134꣬ģΣҲǲкͱ˽
λ岮⺢ӺܵܺõĽһȺڳλһ¾Ͷĺǿεĺ˺øС
ëĿ˺һƲƲƺеϧ
ԼһʱͿʼڳˣƺ⶯һڡ
ȻҶĵδܿãܹ뻢ɽɣƺԼԼھָһЩֻѾûͽĴ㣬Բһֱû¡ֻû뵽ƺԼӺ⣬ͷ
ֻǼȻԼ˵˳ȥҲʱ򷴻ڣҶҲϰڼҹĺ֣ҲڹķҶ֣պɾӦ˲˺ľԭĴȥ
С11꣬ǰѧЩǳĹֻЩæھڹ̣ܽСĹʼоĳǲ
ҶţҶʦϣҶΪͽǽõõҶŽ̻塣
ҶĿǰվŵк11Ѿ˲׵ߣԼϰҹԭҲǽ˶134ĺһ㡣ͬʱ˫Ȼûתȴ͸¶һӻ龢ĺ˶ԸͽܣҶȻûвӦĵ
οɽھֽãɽҲǴ档ϾɵķչһֱͷĽУܹҪΧϵ
ĿǰɽϵûнύıҪЩɶδǱڵĵˡɽھ
Ǳʲôûʲôͻһͬչԣͽܿնˣ
Դ΢һתҶı㿪ԵȻͷô˵ˣҶĳȻûвӦĵ


035 ˣ
Ҷ⻰һڣ˷ܣԼӺ˾䣺裿
Ȼ겻󣬵ʱĺӶ¶磬οҼҽϣ⺢ֻĺܣһûԼǸԼ˸ʦ
ֻʼΪǸӵϵʿȴû뵽ȻƺֻԼ˼ˡ
ⷬ򲻸˵ڵģοԼ׵ĻҲڸ׵жǲκλɵġȻΪʦȻи׵ĵ
Ҳδɣ̴нӹյ֮˫ֵݵҶǰ˵˾䣺ʦȲ裡
ҶĽӹյȻһڣȥʰʰԺһɽţֻаݹʦɽǽ
ף
ɣȥʰһ£Ҷĵ˵ͷȻͿԼΪźյĵһͽ뿪˵ͷ£ҪɽպҪסɽˣ
Ҳ̻˻ֱʾףֻҶߵôæסٻɽҲ޲ɣ
ҶҡҡͷûдӦ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼסѾѾʼûóְ߬ȻԼ˵ںʵﻹе㵣ġ
ƫƫԼɵԼ˽⣬ҲԼһ֣Լʦһְ֣ˣûտ϶ֻܽˡ
ȥԼʵУ
ȻȫķѾСɣɽؽ粻СҲ֡ҪõƽȥȣǾûˡ
˵ģλͱԼĶ࣬ЩҲ㽻Ķ֪࣬ɽɵĻͰԵλѾڹ൱лˡ
ֻҶֵǣɽɼȻһڹɣôǵĵΪô
ʵҶĲ֪ɽɵڹķҲһ׻׹ǻɽɴʦԼڹ൱ʱµĹˣڹһûɽɵε⡪ڹΪͲ
ƫƫɽûʲôżڹȫɵӿľһ״ֲڵĲٴֲڵģҲͱҶĵǸ΢һɷڹšȻµɷʱĶѻڹΪĥܹˮ׼ܹɾѧ
Ҳ˵ɽɺεĴ书ϵ⣬ǿŵɷɵĶɾûм׿ԳµĹ
⵼»ɽɵĵϰ֮ǰҲǱȽЩˣʽ΢ǿôһ㣬ֻżôһʹ˵ҲһЩȻһѧϰȻʦֵ׵ԶԶġֱʱǲһЩֵķۡ
ڻɽɱʲˣϰ˻ѾãѾ׸͵ھշ硣ƽؽҲһ
ɽɣҶҪ˵Ķ࣬ȫķûŵƣֻҪ΢еڹӾͿ
ο֮ǰҶϰ֮һСûڹԼϢڹĻȫķҲˮɵ飬ûΪһЩ߰ƸסԼĽٶȡ
οǸָٻĹ򣬻õģгһ׵ȴ޷ĹٻһЩĪ
һϣҶž޴ƣҲΪɽɵơϾһĽʽĿ书ϵʱɳΪһɼֻʱϵ⡣
ΪζһɿһȺˮƽĺ֣ڶࡢ书׵ĵӣȻȻĻΪһɡ
ƽݣǻɽɻɣûһ书ϵҪָʱҪ
Щ飬һʱ֮ҶĲϸ֪ġֻɽɵĵ书ôôԡ
˵˱ϵҲԼͽܼתΪܹϺһ󣬲͵ʱԼͽܳʶļƻ˲ֻۣԴͽܵߣüһ־Ǹʲôģ
ϵҶһ뿪ɽھ֣һسǣڷֿ֮ǰϵʿҶĵ˼䡣
ҶΪԼ书Σ
ţ㲻ʲôҶҲǶС˵ˣԼ㹦Ī˵ǸˣõԭЩС˵ץȫҲԼƫƫȫԭﱯһͿ
˵ͷҶΪϵҵĹΣ
ʱҶ֮Ȼ㲻ϤҲ˽ˡ֮˵Ҳ۹书ϵ顪ҶҪû˽һ»ɽɵʲôˮƽҲǸʱΪ˸˽⡣
ϵʿǶʱҲҶĵ书˽⣬ԼǶҶĵ书жϳ˲ҲƳҶĵڹ·ȴģȻ쵫ȴʤϡ
ԼϰĹͬĶ࣬һĽͻܹʲô̶ȫʡҶĲͬһ㣬ֻҪڼϰܹܹġ
ˣȻ֪ҶĵĹԼôߣȴҲһ㣬Ҷĵδǿá
οҲҶĵڹƺûʲôŵƣֻҪɽΪڼҸ֣ڽٵԼһϯ֮ء
ֻǡ
ҶĿڣֱӾ˵˳ҶЦϵҵĹƽﻹõĳ֣Ҫ浽ԭٺ١û˵ı飬ҶҲ˳
ȴҶЩԾѵƽ뵱񽭺ϵô
·𿴳Ҷĵʣϵʿ˵ͷӦȷʵܴҶҲˣΪһǣְϵҾô⣡
ְȻ˽²٣ڵ㣬ֶ濪ĵǣɼҶȻվŵǵְպ鷳ǲ٣
Ҷĵ˵ͷһʶԼҪԵĵˣҪԼԤڵĻҪǿһЩ֮УͲ̻ɽúһԼĹٽһӭ鷳ʱҲܸеһЩ
ҲƳҶ˼Ӧ֮˵ҶҲ̫ǣȻǵְֻܹǸСͻǳʱҲ̫⡣Ҫ鵽ҶҲһʱͲĵģ
οϵҲܹѲʱһɽҲһԣùڲˣ
ҶΪҪԼ˵ôˣ˵˵ȥҲͻɽɳ˹ϵǻɽɺԼһҸɲְϾ˼ҼҴҵˣҪԼɽɡ
Ҳ翴ɽɵķչǱԲŻ£һҲǶԷϿԼ뻢ɽǿƽȽˡ
ο¶ɽҲ㻵£һǿǲԮİģҶĵ˵ͷӦ˵ףʱϣǰ뻢ɽִֹܹԣ


036 ϯ
Ľ̸ȷɽδһչҲһ̶뻢ɽɽѣȻͬԸְƽݷֶ档
ʵѡڻɽ˵ҲϣġΪô˵ְﶼһߣʱڵԶȽǿ֮ľ׸ʤɷչҲῼǵⷽء
Ϊְʵȷʵ̫ǿᣬôƽݵĽʿǾԲְΪƽݵĶġ
һְķֶܿĳڳְϼڵĵطķֶڵһ׵㲻϶൱صɶȵѹסְ
ЩطְﻹҪһ̶ϵ͵ˣ˱ϢƽȻͬ
ȻƽʿҲ뽫ְѹȥκʵʼûɽΪĴҲ뽫ְѹȥñʵΪƽֵĴκƽشƫƧûʲôѧУĿ꿴ңңڡ
ҶԼɽɵĳ֣ǸһЩΣΪҶĵɽԶķչǰҪ˵ֻҪҶ㹻ʱ䣬ɽΪƽһɾԲ⡣
ֻ˲Сְ˵ףְûһǱǾƽֵľ޴ʧͬʱɽְָֽѹľ֮
ĿһɽɽãҪʱҪȰԼʦֱסɽɵĴУԲְｫ
ֻҪٹʮ꣬ɳɽ뻢ɽְ֣ƽݵҲᷢ
ĿͽܽĴԼߵʧҶĴԼյͽĻصɽϡ
һҶûǰС·ɽǴȥһ·ϼ˲ɽϸɵĵӣЩеĲʶҶģԶҶӶ
еƺҶĵ֣Ҳ֪ǰǼ飬¶˳ı飬ֻûơ
еϢȽ֪ͨҶɽھһƴڴ󺣵飬ԼҶԺЦŴ˸ке㱧ֽύһͷ
ЩˣҶҲһֱװ֣ȻҲر飬ЦŻӦ˼ɽһЩ֪˶һ˾ȻҶĴк֡
ղŶǷϲôʲô
һӣûɽ㣿ϢʱˣϽȥɣֵܷȰһ䣬ĪҪλүûùӳԣ
ǰʻһŭһ䣺㷢˰ɣѲɻҪӰͽǸǸƯʦ͵ҷһܿǡ
ֻǻû˵ͱס죬Ȼһ֧֧ԶˣҶľҲ
ߣҵϣǼСңֻҪٹһҶҪɽʶҶǸʲôˣ
תͷԼͽܣһ·ȻδֻǱؾ겻ȻεĲһЩɻǱҶķˡ
ҶûнʲôŹһʱͽԼͻһУöѴࡣοΪʦҲûбҪʲô鶼ҪԼͽܽ͸װס
ȷЩɻһ·ʦʱǸָķӦе㲻״
˵һ˶ʦĹ뵽Ļô˶ʦӾˡԼʮֿصˣΪԼѡΪʦôᱻӣ
ĪǸ׿ۣ
ͷܿľͱԼˣԼ׵۹⣬ôΨһĽ;ЩһͲ֪Լʦ
һģ
ͻԼĸײڲƭԼǵڳ֮ǰԼĸٰ㽻Ǿ䣺һҪúźʦͳʦһʦʲôʲôĪҪʣ𣿡
㽻֤Լ׶ԼʦĿأһûбµˣôܻĽ
ɽһѾͨ࣬ȵɽɽ֮ǰʱ۾ѾûɻⷴҶе㾪ȣû뵽СӱԼԤϵҪϻ۵Ķࡣ
Сӣú˵ûΪɽɵľӢ
ȻɽҲԼʦˣҲŶһŵӣͨӺŵӶûУʲôӢӢҲûʲô塣
ߵɽǰֱ֮Ӿ˽ȥʱɽɽһǲϵģֻϢʱŻŲ
ҶһɽţԺѩͿԼʦִһĺ˽۾գգȷԼۻսӭ
ʦֻˣ
Ϊ֪ẢʲôˣܹˣѩǸҶ㹻ӣ̹Ĵк΢˸񣬵Ҷһһ㶵Ĳ֪Ǹʲô
ѩҶİûлӦ̧ͷȻһֵĿԼݺݵĵԼʦһۣҶĻع񣺡ŶŶˣ
ôô죿ϴҶĻʱ˵Ҫ½ݣһһȥһûһ¸ǲܻ뵽ɽ¾ͻˣѩһ֡
ҶЦЦ·ϳ˵״ҹӡǸ߹ɽزú͸⣬ֵͷˣ
ѩˣһ䣺ҹӣͻڣֻСҶý塣
һ˵ŻһߣһɽĿǰƵһ㶼Ϊǰ͵ҪʿҪµڡֻɽҲԣûɽҲûʲôҪ顣
ʦóԷʱˣԴ޽ˣǺõ
ҶĴѩֱ֣˾䣺ʦֽʲô𣿡
Ҷĵ˵ͷָһֱ׾룬Լĺ˵˾䣺ɽɽھͷĴӣѾΪʦȻС΢ʦǴ£ȴܺ£
ѩһȻʦյӣ⻹ǴӣǾǲܵϷģټĶԼʦֵĻͬͷ˵ͣʦ˵Ǽ¶ϲˣɽȻʲôŴ󻧣ϵɴе飬ԺŪã
±ֵıҶĻҪģҪƵղŰʦ֮
⵹ǰҶĿһһ㶵ģ˵˾䣺ôŰɣ
ѩһۣҵʦˣԭӣմŵСôܲúıʦĪˣһȻѡûƵպúòٰһ
ҶһĿɿڴ˾䣺ֲʲôģȻôšҲǹϵʦŴе飬һ˵ǵȷ顣
⣬ĿǰɽһһĻôӿһûУžǶϯ״Ҳȷһ¡صʽ


037 
ȻŰʦһҪزٰ죬ô¾Ͳｻ䣬ߵɽʦµˡ
ѩȥȻһŻҪĻƵһ죬һΣҶҲһԼͻѾѾ
˸ɾ·ϴɾѾѾ¶ǰ͸ļС޳ķ۵ǿɰȫȻûеռʱһĳ
ʱһ˫鶯·˵Ĵ۸Ҷӡ⣬ѾѾʲôûκμ䣬μǾһѣ벻Ǹòƽƽĺӣڻس·ɽصʱѾЩյ̸֪ռʬȻܼҺӣþȻˮƽޡ
ѵǹɫĴˣ
ƽƽҶʵû취Ůλ뵽һȥѾѾɰҲ޹ֻᱻְµĹϡ
Դ˼ţǱѩѾӣתԼʦֻ㱨ٹһգŵɣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵㣬Ҳںģ
ѩԹһ䣺ôҪ飬ʦܺںҪ֪ʦֿɽɵţͽҲǹϵɴĴ£ʦ֡
žͲһ˵ͣҶ˸оԼԴһȦϽͷϴǣʦýѵļǣʦ˼ǲܣ
Լʦ˴ѩȻɸеܹǲܼ˵ȥˡתͷÿѾѾˮ豭ˮһҶ˵мҪʦ
ʲô£ҶĴ˴յеˮȻҲ̧Ӧһ䣬ôһһ֮ļơ
ѩиһ䣺ţʲôȴֻù˵ҿѾѾ⺢ʲʦֽɽǽ
Ҷһ㶣ѩҪ¡ΪѩϲѾͷԼֱΪͽܲͺˣ
ʲô⣬ѾѾͽܱˣ
ѩһ֪ԼʦַͿˣ̽ǰʦΪţδͽʦôʦ֣
һͣҶ̾˹ѩǼΪһ֮ҶĶû°ӣʦõʵǲñʦָ˵ͽܡҪһĿǰһӶûѾѾͽܣѾѾͳһϯӣΪ״ݻǳΡ
ԺѾѾҶĵĴΪ˭ʸ̳֮λǺò½ɽûˡ
ȻЩڿ̫һ㣬ѩڽЩ뵽ҲԺܻᷢ鷳
ȻҪܹ֮λᵽԼôͽͽôչɾôչɡ
ܱʦյıɽͷǿϲ٣
ֻҶѾ˵ҪǱȵһ磬ʱŷչɲŻ°빦Ϊ˼ҪͽҲδ
ȻԼʦֵĻرͬѩܹʵʵİҶĵĽȥֻһͽˣΪǵ˺һ
˵ǣΪҪһºܺҶ˵£ȻҪҶѾѾͽܡԭĴȷʵѾѾΪҶĴӣһʲôⶼˡ
ֻû뵽ҶĴ˷ǰһҴΪԼͽһʲôⶼˣѩҶ̸ѾѾҲɽǽ顣
ţ
Ҷķ²յһĦ°һ߿ǰӣֿѩεĿ˾ȻˣӾһʦɽźˣ
һѩ΢΢һЦֻ΢еź뽫ѾѾԼͽܵģֻҶĻһҪһΪʦˡ
һԵǼ׵˵Ӻ͵֮ľ޴ģеĵλǿȫȻͬĳ̶˵ԺѾѾĵλҪߡ
ȻҶĺѩ᲻ǣͽԳԺҶֻɽȥ뼸ۡʱƾͻΪܼ֮ĽɫȥЩ͵Ļˡ
ӣԼСüСŮû̫⣬ֻǾѾͷĵǺܺÿԶ࿴˼ۡ
ѾѾȻͬ亢Ӷܹ̫࣬С⼸˼仰֮䣬Լݺδ˷츲صı仯ʱɵվһԾվأֱԼԼԼҶĺѩߵͷʶһʲô
ӻѾѾҶȻһ֮ҲûܸԼߵͷϰߣҪߵͷȹʽŰʦ֮ʱߵɣʱߵʲô
⻰˵ѩһۣһ䣺˸ߵͷ㻹һոͽܸԼߵͷأڸв֪
үƵĴˣԼҪȥʱԼԣȻԼŮȻԼõԼģҲү޹زǣ
˵˼мĻ֮ԼŮһվѩʱͻȻ˵˾䣺ѾѾʲô
һ仰ˣҶҲ
ѽ⺢Ӵʲô
ԭڳ⼸λǺѾѾû⣬Ҫʽǽ֪ܵɣѾѾͻɽЩӣѩҲû⣬ϾһСӣѾѾĳƺƺûʲôֵģҲûʴ
ҲûǷ濼ǹҶģѹͲ֪ԭΪѾѾѾѩأ֪ԭû֪
㿴ңҿ˭Ҳû˵ͷʺӣѾѾʲô֣
ѾѾһãȻԼĴ̣ѾѾͽѾѾ
һߣʣ˵ûи֣
ѾѾ룬ᶨҡҡͷ
һĵ鷳ˣ֪¿ɲð죡Ҷ˵˾䣺ǲ⺢ӻСﻹûü
һֿ²7ŮޣѾѾ䵹ʳˣΪԵĲӪ56ӣܴܺ
ϾʱܶຢСʱֻС΢ԺĸŻʽֲ֣ǰһôĶһЩ˼ҵĺӣΪõļ֪ͥԼܷӣΪ̫ͥزۣԲʲô̫ʽֻ֣ӴǲŻ
ѾѾҵĻȻرҲʲô󸻴֮ңֻСҲ֡һ㣬Ѱˡ
ѾѾĴ̣⺢ְɣѩ鱾쾭ģκһ仰͸˻ȥ
ûʲôĻȻʶüȴôдĻʲôŶ
һͻȻĿתҶϣү⺢ɣЩѩϵ֪үҲǱʫҲ黹ΪףԲҶĸ⺢
ҶһҪһڲˮȫ˳ȥȻ˶ԼǱʵʵֻǾվԼ˹ʱͿЦһ
ҸѾѾ֣
˵ͷ
Ļʲô֣
ѩɫƣݺݵĵһԼʦ֣ʦֹǫˣʦʦڣֶѣȻѲʦֵģ
Ҷ֪ѩֻԼġǰΡģ֪еʵҶֻѩڹΪԼҪԼЦĲְ
ѩɫøѿˣʦָѾѾ֣ʦȴٰѣδ̫ˣ
ѩɫԽԽÿҶ֪ȥ׼椾Ҫ齣ˣԱ첻Կʼ˼ˡ
ҶȻǴһϢըһȫ16걥ͽʱѧκһֺܽܿѧ׵
ҴԽǰѧİĿ
ĵźһ䣬Ҷֻһ취ʱһ߿ԽѾѾǰɣ
ѩ͸¶˼һ۾Ƶףϻ
ҶҲ֪Լ˵Ƿϻֻʵû취˲ǣ
ܡѽܡѽ
ʵܲԼʦǰѽѽģѩƹʵ򾯸һ䣺ô
ҶĺٺڨЦһ£۽ƳԼָϵָԴһ뵽ʲôһ㡣
ѽָٻĲԼǸԼϤĶȻѧײУӿС˵డ뼸ϲͺˣҷʲôǵԼ𰡣
뵽˽İ취ҪѡһʵˣʱҶĵ˼࣬ڳûһٳţһϸ΢Ҷŵ˼ϡ
Ͼֿһ£ǿɹϵһġûã˵׼ҪȡЦһӡ
ܣܡѽһʵġҶȻһİƣͻȻڶ˵˾䣺ͽգ
һڳ˶ǵͷ߶ѩǷȥͣţ
Ҳ߶һЦȻʲô˼ǹֺġүȻдѧʵˣ
ҶεЦһ󣺡ȴ˵˾䣺Ī֣۶ô๦ˣҲںһŮ޵οǵһŮ֣
һ˵Цʹ˶ѾѾ־ͻ
ֱʱҶͻȻ뵽ԼɽɣԭǶüţȻ˵һɣʵɽͰüôһ룬üŰɽ£Ҳ쾭塣
㲻Ⱑ
Ȼ֪ǰԼȤζһԲŻֵɽկƷĵⲻ붫YYһȨ֡
ڿҪҪԺ飬Ժһţһھͺȥʦһ¡壬ʵʵڿջţǸ˭ҲˣСʦӣֵģ
ֻҲˣͷҲûôûֵͽܡϾܲܽɽɿɹ¶ԺһĴڰɣǴŴɣͽܻҪΧһЩȵģҲò˼꣬ԼٲҪһЩЩǮ˼ĸӵܣ˼ҿյģԼӺҸġ
ڲͣĺԼŮ˵ֵ飬ȻСԺһ֮˾䣺ԺҲѾѾˣ
룬ŮҲѾ7ˣȷʺٽСԺͲѾѾˣ
ֻôһ˵СѾͷ̲ˣʱͿ˳Ժﲻǲʶ𣿡
һҳһţҶԴС˵һ䣺ȻʶѾѾڵǰҲԳԼѾѾֻȴ֪ˣ
СŮֹס˿Ѱ˼˰ҲûףֻǴ֪ѾѾֵǲٸ߱ˡ
ԺʲôˣѾѾԺֻܻǾԲ֪ģ
СƶǶĵ˵ͷڲˣͬʱҲԼ֡ҶڳһͬʱСŮϽ°ɣʱҲˡ
ɿʱ򣬴ɽǱͻȻһͣݷҶţ


038 찡
ҶıУȴͻȻһһôܵ
ȥð˳ͺԼ̸ʲôԼ˵һǺǻҶľͲö֪ˡ
Ҳ洫ĺԶ뿴ҶţҶһ˵һпãȥӭһ£
Ҳ㲻϶׽ֻɽػеλģҹӵĴ֪ϤɽɴʱʵڲʲôɣҲûа׵ʸҶҲû߰ͷֱŶȥ
һͿһʩʩȻߣһεĴɽɵĻͬʱҲҶĵˡɽȻ˶ϡ٣ռĹ㣬ҲҶĴʱںδֻεش
Ҷһг;ƼԼôˡ
ҶֵܣͶ
һ¶棬͵ĻͲҶһͷˤڵϣû뵽ٴһͣλҹһھȻôһ䡣
칫˵Цˣ
ǡߵҶǰҡҡͷʱЦѾһɫҷ˵ЦѾүţ޼ҿɹˣ
Ҷǳ£ɽͶˣ
͵˵ͷ¶ЦݣǣҶŲ᲻ӭɣ
;ȻĺԼַˣҶҲ֪ôοźãֻλԼϼҹӣο칫ԸͶңǿɽɣȻ˱ס°ɣ
ҶΪҲɽסûж룬͹һʱͻѰ
뵽ͷû£һ仰ٴΰʲôƵء
ȻˣҶɽǽɣ
Ҷĵɴ۾Ķͣ˺һſ϶ǰλƺڿЦҿ£ԼվŵѩҲһӣͬʱҲԼ
칫ĪҪ˵Ц
ҡҡͷҿû˵ЦҪɽɣҶĪƲ£
Ҷһ¾ͷʹѣʵúΪѡ
˵Ʋͣ͵Ҫʦö⹦ҲǲףѲԼһͱԼ󣬹򻹲Լٵ˵ͽܣҲûʲôɽ̵İ
⣬òҵķӦȻ˵ԼַˣǸӼ飬ô򵥵ģ˳ʲô˵ҪүӺҪѶӺȥһԼСȻӵʦƫƫʦòʲôܹѹľҵٲֻһ鷳
ʵЩ⵹Ҳûа취ɽһڴˣͽܣôҲˡ
ɽɵĳҶĵʦһǰȥˣʱѲɰ˼ҵĹ͵ͽܣ
ôһ룬ƺҲǲС
һ뵽һ㣬ҶķҲȫȻǺ޿ԡԼһʦͽƽǽһͲΪԼʦܣǻʡ²ٵ鷳
ͻʲôô
ɽɵȷΪʼɵӶøǿ󣬸ο͵ĹҲǲɽƽ׶һ֣Ե˵ʱһЩ
ҵӰˣҹӶԸɽ£εеڸɽһδ棬˶˶֪ɽɵţһ˵һϲ¡
ôôŴϲЩ֪ӵɵӣһΪǽЩŸԼ׳ơ
ǰɽɣôҲͬЧҶȻûвͬĵ
ֻô飬кܶණûиҲ֮¾ûǺúһģ¾
칫Ҫɽɣ
˶ˣȻģҶĪǻΪ˵ЦҲ֪Ǵ£ãԼҶȷҲûգɽмִҷ緶ͽܽСģץ˾˵ԼҵӡɽЩק˵ļһǿˣ
Ļ칫Ӻҽ˵ҵǻЩҪ̸̸˵˸ĶȻתֻ
ԣȻǸȥѩˣ֪ºԼûϵԼҲýȥվһûлȥֻƬ̺˵˾䣺ѽЩ˸ү͹͵裡ŴҴããĽȥֻƬֳ̺ˡ
ҲĪվﵢʦ̸ˣҸԻȥϢˣ˵ֶ˵ȺҴȥϢĵط
ɽɵ޽ݵʱǿǹԺյӵĻӦסֻΪʱȻطѡˣȴûиϷᣬסᵹǻмң׼Ժ͹סģպһʱҲ޲ɣһ
գۼתûӰҶϸ̸ͻؼҺ顣
ԭҶ֮ԣԼôȷʵ̫嶯Լûк͸׺úĹҲܿ϶׾һܾԼҪԵµתصɽԼլС
һصң;ҵԼײҵһεױԼʵ뷨ֻǰĲ²࣬үԼСӾȻ飬ҪʬֱһӾҪТӡ
ṦףԼϵġ׷ٴο;ˡ
ҶԴһ亹û뵽үƢô𱬣̧־ҪԼ׶ӡүӶ͵ȷǼ˺ͲʱŻôʧԼߡ
һ󼦷ɹ͵ĸ׳Ȱסүû֣үӵʱҲ̬͹¸ϸȻרĶҲȥˡ
ֻүû뵽¶ĲټԼϲҶǷʱѾ뿪ƽݣʽƻҳߵˡﻹϹϴֻӲŲӲϴӦ˵˾䣺ֻҪ飡ȻתҪˡ
үĴӵۣŭһ䣺ҪҳţպٲտĶӣ
κѾ¶˾ģͷҲش뿪ңȻźڽתһҲ֪ԼȥδӣҶɽ
ΪҪɽɣʵҶֵĵط˵ֻҪƺûбҪһҪɽɰɣ
֪ͺٺһЦ˾䣺֪ҹУǾôܵҴҲûþͱ˿˰˾ſҲûĻ죬ҪɽɣһգȻٿ顭
Ҷĵ˵ͷ͵ǲɵʣΪɽɣ͵ͷǺԼҪʦϰ䣬ҪյҪɽŵɽоԲʦͶɽɣǻɽҲλӵͽܡ
֪գƺе㲻˼Ϊ찡


039 
죿
ҶĲһ󣬲ʶͿеϤʵָˡ
Ϊ±Ƚ֪ˣ͵ĽȦһֱ޶ЩŪīУȻԼȦĵλȻӴ˸߲εˣʶˣһЩصĹԱ
Ҫ߽һǰûκνӴ磬Ψһ뽭Ȧľһ֪ͷԼԼɽš
Щûм֪εΪʦͶҶŵɣҶֵΪˣһǺܾģ
ҶĲ֪;ԼʲôѲԼΪܼҵеһΣû칫ӽԼĴˣҲеĽɣ𣬼ƽ֮¿ƾе涨Ǭ
֪Լ²ʵϻľ͵뷨ϣǳڶԽݺ㽣Լǽ˽ȻҪΪеΪĴ͡
ֻǵ࣬ȴû١кܶ඼ǽ֪ĴɣԼͶЩɣҪСӿʼ𡣲ûʲôȨҲʣ¶٣Ӳûڼĺù
ЩССɣȴ඼һЩп֮ͽͺƲҲΨһҪģһȽϽľҶĵɽˡ
οҶĶҲе㽻飬໥֮ԶԷҲ˳˽⣬ܱȥİΪʦĺࡣΨһǣ֪ɽǷԸš
ɱϾȰᣬЩʵȻͿֱнڣȻŸ¾ˡ
ɻʦͽݵĴйϵڲɽǷгŵ黹Ҫ鷳һЩ
˾ͰλҶֵΪʦˣ׻˵Ϊʦ书һ;ϣ֪λҶţ
ϵⲻ֪Ҷŵķ˻һЩ顣
칫ӣ˵ɽɲʲôɣֻ칫ǴҪɽţ칫ӽҵһµĺã
ҶҲи˽⣬ֻ֪ͺ͸ͷѧһЩṦΪЩʲôȴһ֪ô˻ᣬǸպʸ
վºǿҶһȭȻˣҾ͸ҶűԼĹˣ
һ˵ţ˫ִָƣֱݳһƷƷʵӽ˿ۻң䲻һƴ˶սΪ
ֻҶ˳ƺڹ㣬ƷȻɱȴʹһʮֵҲʹķ֡
ҪǿǵΪ׵Ṧ֮ĿƷѰ˻Խ£ҶԼҲҪڹ񣬱ԼӲӲĽֲлӮ
ͽһƷʾϣЦŵһŵķṦṦҶѾˣ֮ȴûʾ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾ⣬ʶҲкһˣڹΪԼҲ˳ǿŲõˮƽԼǺüǰͻЩ򣬴Ӵ˿֪֮Ҳʲôڹ
ͷֻЩǳ͵岻ôֻû뵽ʲͷ֪ʱ޶࣬ŸϽҪԼѧκʱ޶վùȻһԵĸͺܶණκ֮ǰûӣ޷ᣬߵһѧȫԼΪһǿϧĽ
ҶϲԾʳָϵָ°ָ书ؼҪ뱦ɽջصİ׳ˣ
͵Ĺһ˽⣬ҶĿʼʽ̸ɽŵ
ҵ˼֮칫ԼһɽɣȻŰʦҶľɴһºˣҲûû˵鷳
ȻҶŰţ͵Ǿûʲôû뵽ԼһʦɣֻԼһˣʱʦֵܣҼһ
Ҷһ㶣ˣ̽ɽھͷĹӣѾɽˣǰЩҴɽҵǸŮޣҲˣ
һˣҪŵģԼӣ
аԼֻСͯΪˣеƣҶּ˵ӲͬǰΪʦΪɽ´ӡ칫㡭ҵ˼Ǵʦͽɽǽһ칫ӱҵʦˡ
ԴϲϾûϲƽ׵İһҶͬȻٺòãʦʲôģҽʦűʦҲӦõģ
Ҷļûʲô˵ͷȻˣ¶ôˣһͷʦ˵˵ٺúðһаұͬʦֵˣ
˵꿴µ⣬ʱѾ磬ɫѾȫȻˣм澰ɫղŽ˵ƣԼֻһĨڵĶſ˵
ʱѾˣûأȥԷɣ
˵ʹߣҶӦŰʦ飬Ҳһ׮Ը࣬ҲöӶĽҶ˵ȥԷڨЦҶŲ˵ҶһδԷ
Դӻؼ֮æ븸̸һ⣬Ī˵ˣз緹δԣʱѾ˷˵þҪڵˡ
˲һͼŵվſڣҶͳ˵ʦţʦ˳ˣ͸ʦѾˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷյĴͽܺ⡣οǶ죬ҹǺ䣬»ɽϣ⺢ſڶôþȻɹδԽֻ˵ҵļҽ̵ĺϣ̳һĺӡ
ûʽȴҶʦһ˭Ҳ⣬ЩѾǰ϶ˣʲôοҶĶĲˮ˽ʦҲġºŵʲô⣬ɽɵӣҶʦȴûˡ
ڲŵҶĺǰţڼҶĻԼͽܼ䣺ڵĻ˽ˣ
ʦͽĴתתҪĵطѾˣ
סĵطҲźˣ
źˣֻ˵ɽû̫ı촲ʲôģȻܶԸһ£ȴҪɽһЩ
Ҷû׼Щ߰Ʒתͷ˵˾䣺һ˵ҲҲֻܶԸһˣ
һ̲ΪĴ޷ȻҪɽҿͶһЩɣ˳ᣬƺҲԵ̫տһЩ


040 
ҶĻعͷ۸ո߳ҴլҲ֪ǸʲôζүӵǱĻҪӲԼⷬǰҲ֪ǶǴ
ҡҡͷȫԼôţ̤ȥֻǲ뿪ûԶǺö˵ĺ
ҶҶ
Ҷƣ·ƺԼһҶ˳ɾǺԼˡתһֻһϸڼѾߵĲԼ׷һߺšҶһƴĻ֣Ҷĺ׳۾ܹǻһ
ôûعͷҶ׹˹ȻǺԼģסվԭؾȺˡ
Ƭ̣Щ˾ԼǰҶļǸѾް߰ףСˣ̱ȭʩ񣺡֪Ϸ˻סΪ£
ɲϵϸˣǿ·˾֪Ѱˣ͸׶ԷԼΪʲôˡ
ϸ΢һ˺ŵҶ˵Ҷͼʦţģ
Ҷһˣԭϸ͵ĸף֪ԼǸɷŵС䣬Żŵ׷˳
ԭһ磬ɽ˾ͼ򵥵һЩдҪ嵥һȫµɽ
ԴɽؽԺ⻹ǵһȫ˶ɽ˿ңҲΪһҪĶʵ̫࣬ԴһɽҲܰĿһЩ
ת˺һҶҵǰΪɽ޽ǰ﹤֮󣬽һʰʰȻҪĹ߲϶׼ãͺɽ޸ķĴǰ깤Ѿˡ
Ĵţ﹤Ȼ˵ĺܣظ̵֤ʱڰһаźãȻҶɽ
޹ЩˣžҪˣǹȴԽң˶֪ӵӦȥҶǿӡ̡
ǰӲɽȦôһأȻͼ䷿ûмȥˣһҪ޽֮Ķˡ
ȻȴҪɽ˳ֵǷǳ󷽣һǴһθ꣬ʲôˣʰһмҵ̻ؼҽһ׼Ҷɽȥˡ
Ҷģڽ֮󣬿ɫ磬ܲɵȺЩ׼¾תƵɽھ֡
ʱɽھ¶Ѿ֪ҶѾھִΪͽͷҲǹϵףֻǴ˸кͱ뵽кȲ裬ʱ͸˹ԽӴҶġ
˺˼䣬Ҷľ͵ǡýɽ£ͷ˵һպͽŵͷ£ɽɽŹ񣡡
Եһ㵣ƺû뵽ԼĶžȻٰŴ䣬ҶƳɻ̲˵һ治Լôᱻ㿴ء
յĵһӣҲɽһ׸ŵӣ
ⷬһ˹شУÿ׸ȻǹϵĴ£ѹɽ֣ء
ô˵
ţɽһϯҶ㣬ԼɽɵһԼͽȻǶ԰ʦ֮µʱѩȴΪԼӦɽߴӣյͽӦǰ˴ǽɽ֮ǰĶ˽ȥ
Ҷ룬ȻԼɽ½ϾǴԭǸģҲϿѩĻԼΪɽߴӣҲǵߴţԼͽܶɽɰ˴ӡ
׵ԼĶӾȻǰ˴ϯӺ󣬵ֵĲСҪ֪һϯӺͨӲ൱޴ģڴҵʱϯӻпܱԼʦȥСΪ˱֤ϯλȹ̣ʲôʦܲʦֵҡ
֪һϢֵ쿪˻ҶǺһ֮󣬱֤ԼһɽԽҪȥҶͳ˴ţֽ˹£ҶӼȻɽһϯӣɽھҲûеʾȥ׼
ɽھһæϸ𾿾ӦЩʲôɽɲʣһȫæЩˡ
ɽھֵҶ룬һ·ҵҴլݷүӡΪ˶Ҳйһ֮ԵҶҲΪҵտүԼҶģǸӡ
ʱ̸ֻǻת֮үӵĻƢҶĿ۽硣
ǲТǻ޹أ
Ͷ࣬ҶļүӦ֪û˵ȥıҪˣ˵ҲǸ֪ԷҪӲϴյֻǵ˵һ䣺ȻˣҶĳǣʵҲֻǾ׵ĲôǺԼӣԾ֪ͨһĿǰ˵껰ĿҲʹﵽˣ˼첻ǲںת뿪ҡ
ֻû뵽үӲںϷ˿Ǻܹ¡һСѾ߶˲ʱ͵飬̼ҴҾ͸ϷˣϷ˴ż˾ͼææ׷˳顣
Ҷʦδ
̸˼䣬Ϸ֪ڵ֪ҲԶҲͷģͷɵԼҶӣ¶ӳԵĲãסĲ
ɽ棬һ·ɽ쵽ɽ֮ʱͿɼɽɵɽţ⵹ûʲôģȻɽѾɽſʼͽˣôҪפȥ
Ϸû˵ʲôȻ˾Լŵںʱõ׼ȷʱ𸴺˵һ䣺պҶŶȮӶӹˣȻʹȥ
Ϸһ̸֮ҶɫѾ磬תȥѰǼֻЩѾʰ˲æЩϺ͹ߡҲҶĽģϾҪǷᣬҪĶ϶٣ָǼ϶˲ȥ
һʰˣҶĴһ˺ƺƵľɽһ·ϲССĿô˿ŶɽӦ̾׹ɽϿɽɣҪǷᣬӦҲ֪Աߵˡ
ټҶڶǰ·ϴҶ֪ҶҪɽˣҶ΢Ϥģһͬɽھ߹ڻ߼Ҷһƻڴ󺣵أʾȵҶĿɵʱһȥ
ҶЦŽһ䣺ǿɣʵһֱɽϣֻҪٸǼ䷿ᣬԭķȴǲסˣ
ס
վĲǱ˼ֱˡ
ĪҪͽˣ
²⣬ҶֱӸ˴𰸣պɽɽеŴ䣬Ǹλ£ɽϹɽԵ¹Ϲˮдλ
ȻѾĽɽŴȥҶĸɴҲԼɵĴڣ˵˳Ȼޣֻȫ˶УǻǾ䡮ɽɡ˸
мԸɫһ䣬˼ۣһתȥǼҴҵӿѰʲôȥˡ


041 װ
ҶվɽɽɵӺһʹŶɽֻһЩˣǺк˳֪ͨպɽǸۣҲûȤ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôûЩΪţXޱȣҲĴһΪǰչһԼʵҶеʧ
Ⱥǰһ֣ҲΪɽ׳Щƣ
ϧǣֱƺǾˣûһһ̽һΪߵ͵⡣
ɽԼɵͽҶһΪ˽ɽɵΧȥЩһɽɵʵյɽϣ˻ɽˡ
²⣬ͽٲûǰҡԵĲ˵͵˵ǰԼɽŵȭţǳڴѹǱڵ˻ǱϵĿģҳӣҲҶġ
Ǳֻ࣬һ䣡
߶ôʫƴʵľӣҶڴһյĵ
ûǸŵļһǰȻǰ˼ӵİ˴ԽֻǺôˣôõĳȴǲܲϸѰ˼һ£ȭҲŵĺҲͬñԼ¡ԼϾܱˣ
˼֮Ȼ֪Ѿɽ֮⣬ҶһɽŴ󿪣ﻹһЩ˵֮͵Լһˡ
ڣ֮ѩڿĴԺתתȥƺѰ˼ӦЩʲô;ķᡣ
ѩȰͽҪסķϣοЩҪɽϸɻסĵطҲȽˡ
߰ıű߷ҩĵպ˵ȴ룬һӣֱӵ˾䣺ʦ߯Сˣô鷳ֱһˣ
λүֱһλѸýⶼǺãĿǰòõԺ˵
ҶĽǡһָԺеһЩطһ˵ţһƫдҲΪڵӵĵطϾԺӶˣֻʦһ˽ڣ
һǽȻһɽžһԺҲͿʲôˣҲԳΰ
ҲҪһЩǽڣԺһȥտտȻһ۾֪طСȴԵˣ
ͼ仰˵ѩ޻˵ֻϰڼּҵֹһ䣺ҵ죬ûӰשǮǶ޺üˣ
ѩĿɿڴ˵ҹӼҲ̾ҪԳ˵ô֪ûǮ𣿡
ֻ֪ү˼ţ޸ƼͬʱҲǸûаġ޲׼ӣɻָֹ㽭ɽ״͡
ҶĻҲĿɿڴȻ˵ⷬɽɹ滮Ҳֻ֪࣬¼ﲢԣԭƻȹ滮ãȻԼһһĸ
ҶĻЦŴ˸кȻ󻹽ûӦҶˮʦֻʵҸղ˵Ƿһ룬ʦıˡҴʦ罨⼸䷿Ͳ³˴šֻǰʦֵĹƲ˵һ
ⷬҶĵʲôΪ˵ĲûдֻѩȴһûԼûʲô͵ʦֻôıȻͽԼպ˸߰˰ˡ
İ˵ǰ㽨һΰɽţɽɾԿɽصؽĵһɣõƽݵؽҲϺŵġֱʣǲ˵ԼţX˭ҲӦ
ֻΪƹɽɴ󲿷ֲƲѩףɽɿûֲľɽŽǰҲܹѩûȵһһ߱ȽϺá
ûҶļݺ̾קһ͵͵£ж
֪ɽ֮ʹɽֻСèɹ֮ƷͲ˵ˣ·Ь֮ҲûһҲ֪˶λƤûգһ¡
ƣλŵʦЯ޿ϸ룬ȻǸȴҲȫͨ£ͷ壬ûѹҲ㣬ڳ֮ǰ϶ǸԼ˲ԲŻ
Ҳ֪Ҷôʲô˼ۿžҪΪɽɵĵˣҲûбҪҶıȻһ¡
Ҷĸڲ²һ֣ת뵽͵ļ¾Բô㣬ôټһƺࡣٶࣿӦòܹ͵͵ĳˡˣʦܰΪɽľ޴ʦֻԶеģ
ٺټЦ͵ļתҶ˵һѩĿɿڴĻˣϢϢǿҪ𼸸ᣬǲסĵطĿǰǿȴպǼＷ¡
ﵹǿżңôǾ˯µģֻܶԸżһ˯棿Ǵ죬ɽϣҶĻûб̶ֳȡ涳治ð졣
ȻץԼӣȻ÷һ˳ȰѸղʦ˵ǵǽȦҶָָ֮һ򣺡ﵥȦҪץڴ֮ǰ깤
ǿǵŵ񣬵ʱ϶ǰǴ̽ɽɵϸǴֻǰģǰƬ㳡Ҫ޺ãôסЩˣ
͵˵ͷֶһƺͷĹ˵⣬ſ·ʯ壬֪ƺЩǾֲϽٶҼһҪں֮ǰЩã
ǹô๤ʱ깤ɫеࡣΪ⹤̫ˣǽʯģʮµĶǼӰӵĸϹˡ
˵Щ֣⹤˼ͻ翪ˣеٲûĺѣһɽֻǴžͽļȽϺõĸһģżĻǿԽЩƶĻ־û⡣
ֻ⹤Ǯ
Ǯ˵ҶĲͿֱӦҲȰװã֮жЧŪĺãǮҲеģ
УҪô˵ƺðɣǹͷһزǮ̸ǮУ̾ûˣֶԼֵܺ˾䣺˻ǣҲʱˣͿɣǸ˭ɽһˣЩϻƶĪ˵˺ûֵܣǮһ׬
ͷӦ£Ҷֽ˼䣺ǽʯ嶼ŽģȻҪʲôôʦܣȫȨ𣡡
ҶĶŽʲôо󣬶ȻҲоǴģûоҲᶮһЩϾ۹ǣĶȻͶˡ
ͼԼûʽžͽһҲѣҶ˵˾䣺ʦַģ֤޵ĲȽЩĴŴɲ


042 һ
ѵȥʹ޽еķǳѸ٣ɽڲһһ仯
һҶʱͿѾʹ֮һȦΧǽľλãҪ³ĴŶϸעǽѾһ֡
֮·ҲʼΪҪʯ壬ҪȰ·ƽȻ裬ҶĹͷͷҹɽ˲ֵܣ˲ʯЩҹ۲һ֮̾ɽ׼ʯȥˡɽûܹʯʯϣȻʯͷ٣ܲЩʯֿɽĥȻ̰ɣĻ·¶Ѿ괺ˡ
ԣɽ׼ʯ嶼ɽɹģҺɽسֳɵʯ壬ûȥޡ
ҶϳʱһӶӵʯ岻ͣ˵ɽһ̧ȫæµĹеڲͣΧǽеĶ棬һЩվȱȻȻֵͷϵͼֽġ
ְ
ô˾ۼɽ⻹ɽɽĵһΣֻЩ˶ڲͣæµҶһ߽æµĽеĴ
ЩҪɽǸöá
Ҷпţʹôһ䡣عͷֻѩҲһһȺæµĹŴֻҶȫͨʮϣɽԺҲֻ֣ǰĹȫɽӡ
֪Լʦڻɷһ죬ҶЦŰοһ䣺ģʦܿһģ
ΪԼⷬѩһЩԼʦȴǰԼһۣȻЦҲûˣһԴıһ䣺ҪʦұҲһܵóԸ
ѩһ仰ҭĲ֪ӦҶֻε̯̯֣ѵôҵ
´һҶ΢ŵεƲƲ죺һ㶼תûֻǼ򵥰βҶǰһ쳣ĻߣȻҶĵעһ˦һ˦ûӰӡ
ѩͷҲصĻصԼ䣬Ҷİ˵һ䣺ôңҺôҲ˲ɣֻûаþɥΪɽһԼ𣺡ʱ㻹ʲô˵
֪ѩ첽Լͷ·ʱȴڲͣ˼ţľͻʦĺ𣿡
Ͼɽ޵еĽȻ񻹸˲Ƚ֪ҪٵפأۿžҪµĵӣʦͽʦܣɽɵʵ˵Ǳǰǿ˲֪٣Щ仯һһеġ
һֱΪɽŽԼʦһ޴ĴΪҶ书Ϊ˴涼͸Сʱ򻹺ܳԼʦֵѩӣĶԼʦԽʧ
Լ14ʱоͽԼʦִ֮ţɵĴоԲܵʦֻ֣Լɽɴȥϣ
ڰǰҶֻһգۼȭŵŹͬʱפԼƵһڴС˸ɾʱ͸ӼţֻԼܹɽɣֻԼܹɽɼϡҶģѩҲῴʦԼһ𳤴Ľϸʦһڵְ
ҲԼֵĶϲˡ
ʱѩġڣæȻĹԼΰԼķ˶ҡͷһζԼ뷨˻ɡ
ţıʦĺ𣿡һͷһ߿ͭģԼѩɻֻǺܿ͸Լһ𰸡
ܣһܣ·Ϊ˸ԼģѩӣžԼ˻ӣʦֲ˹ʺ˸ûƴӶʶʦܣʦɽɲŻⷬ󡣡
ôԼ˵һѩƺô£ҶĻɽɷչزƺǽ˺һ㣬ûʲôرѵ⡣
ɽҲһôǻĸãѩţԼɽԲֻԼôӣٲӣȻһ·ٲˣɴһͬʱܻһЩĻɽɾҪڻҪǿʢ֣ȻҶɽʱ䲢㱻ˡ
˼ţѩãһЩɻųЦݣϳĹ͸ھϣȻٷ䵽ѩϣԳһ׵ʡ
ţͷɺԼֻһµĻ
ʦã緹ˡ
YYݹѩòԼͷҪ·ͼԼԺﱻԼһǴҶֱ˽
Ȼ󡭡ͭǮˮ蹲裬ëɣ
ʦ֣ʦ㷿䶼ŵ𣿡
űҵ̧ͷҶǱĴѩķ˳վһԵͺƵһ䡣
ٺ٣ˣˣҶڨЦ˼£ЩԼѾԭǸ硣ѵ繤һ㷱æľԼе㷢ɣ
ԭʵ̫ˣеŮܵסҹĪ˵ˣĿһЩʲôҲЦ䡣
͵طϰԭĹʱҶĵڶǺӦһֱŬڹûҹѩ˵Ҳڷ˳˵ˡżҶԷҲȥģֻǽæŸѲԼԸµһ¡
û뵽һ¾ͳ飬ȻʱŮ˵Ĺ뷿ɲҴģģʱѩὣ׷ɱԼҲԼȣ˿Ҳǻá
ⷬΪ䵽ǾʹͬˣΪĻĹϵںܶرȽ⡣ҶܳѩԷŵʲôƵءȻ̾ͱ˳Ҳ˶ѡԼʦֺʦһ¾ʹӵʦùϵƫ뵽һϡ
Ҳ˵ҶǰԼСģ˼֮便Ǹʲôϵѩ·һͿ˺һҶģʱǡվſڣԼȻԼɵЦ
һھʦ㴳ҷţ˵ǡԼպڻ·Ȼϻ£Ҳܸ˿·ڲסԼΡ뵽ѩϲɵһ죬Ȼգ´ʦˣݹʦҽ飡
˵ûҲ̫ʦˡԼԿȴֻ˵ôݻʵ²죬ҶҲ𻰣ѩ̧ѥСţֱӾҶĵĽϺݺһ壬ȻҲҶģһŤͷˡ
ԼʦԶˣͼҶľȻ治ɫվԭδѩһֻǸһ㣺ʦĪ֮Ĺ򣿡
֪δѯʣҶĲΡΡ˵˾䣺ʦܷһû֪ˡ


043 ʡ
ԼʦʱʱŻ𻨵Ŀг緹ҶŽʹصԼķ䡣컹ԼɽﵽתתģǱѩһȣԼǴڷȽϺá
ҶĿʼ˼ԼЩʲô
ȫķÿ춼ǿǵĵУ֪жҳӣ⹦һ춼¡
ҹʱʱһһΣʱĻû淴˾
ôȭŹԼϸϰĲһ̫泤ȭоһжɽѾĲˣȻʱʱһܹ֤Ҳпܻµ򣬵Ҳһʱ
Ҫǣǰҳֻƾ׹ҶеûסȻɽؽȷûʲôĸ֣ԼڻҲʲô书Լ̵ƽݵؽȽϡڹķҲܿ϶Ͳһøڹֺ֡
˵ˣǰǰĺӾͶڹһƵζڻȴ
ȻŹһƲڼƷھҲֻһ˳ƶҶڣȴ˿Կ϶ǸŹǶڹġȻھǿҲ׼˼Ҹûȫ
Ǹƺȭߵǿǵһ㣬ȭŵʵûǰԤϵô
ǰʱҶڹСɣ緢ɽʲô鶼˳΢΢ЩƮȻȻԼĿһʮյ硣ϸ˼ԼδеҹԴˡ
ǽһ״ǳȫķ˸СɣҾȻͲԼǸʲôɫˣ侲ҶҷʡһͣĸԼʲôҲǣʲôҲʲô֣Ȼ˼һҶţҪǵԼһֻСϺףӵһ䣡
οڳһ״ǳĲٴǳ̫泤ȭԼһ㲻ϵɽûһõĳֵĹѲԺ۸۸Щͨ书һׯں
ҷʡһҶ°Լ̬õ֮ҪԼʵֻܹȥ
ʲôүʲôģ˾˵ɣҪǣɽѾչ¶÷չƣҶҲֻҪܺԼСͿԵĶҲ˳ῼԼıʦã޽˵ӣֶ˸ʦܣҲεӣҶļϵĵأѹ
λȹ̣Ҫʵ
Ȳ̸λʦãɲɽ֮䲢Ҷ˱׳ԼͷһͳɽȻΪƽжеĳŵԼҲǱ뷨ôԲȥˣ
ȭɽʵԼ϶һƴ飬ûбĿܡ
Ͼ֮ɲ仰ܽҹȥģҲԼȻҵʱ˼ҾڰıθɵԼȻòŪĲҵأ
һҶĸоŵǽ׳ں޲ЩܹӴȫʱƾڹͿԺɨɽƽˣĻЩһ
ֻڹΪʵǼȫķҲʲô˾ͻᱩǼ칦ѭ򽥽ȴȫڹŵ㣬ͬʱȱ㡣书ؼҲ¼һ޶ûʲôʮȫʮ
Ҫ˵ɺ󼴿ɳΪֵĹһ֪һֻǡҶҪ׹Ҫľ޴̾ǲͷһûƵǸأοǹúܶ໹ûõڹҲûУ
ͷϵָҶĿʼһٻʲôʱ򣺡ֻⶫĶʵûɣȫ֪ԼһٻŪһʲô⣿
ǡٻһԼõĻãֳʲôĪĶԼһɽʱ򻹲ʲôһôλᣬٵùҲٻõġ
ֻ£ȴе趨ˣܹԼҪʲôǱˣ
κ䲻ʮ֮˾ţҪʲôܵõʲôֻҪ깦һͳƽҲǲܵ顣ȴûôˡ
Ĭһ󣬷ԴԼɽ֮ǰǴٻ죬һµǿһٻˣҶһϲϾٻʲôܹǶ˸ǿĻᡣ
ֻûżվȻƷܣŹغãֽսתһȦȷԼ丽ûˣŻص֮ϣȻѾ߹ģȫ
ҶûмŽ͵ָȥһھһȻķָղĵſʼӵﵱеŸղõľʳָǰ
ʵҲЩõģҶĻ֪µһ񽣣һ·޳ԺɴʳָνԽʹɱС
֮ʱԼͨǵһ·񽣽ֻתףԼǳ롣
Ȳ˵񽣽ھתΪķţÿһ·ĽʽҲȫȻ֪ġο·ڹҪֱǿ̵˷ָԭжҲǿһų֮Ƶıڤ񹦲ɡ׹űڤ񹦵ʧҲ˴˵еĴڣΪ˵û˿ɼҪ̡֮
Ҷıоνھתɽֻһ㽣Լݽڵˣ̸ɱУ
ڼǰͷ뷨ʵʵһȻԼʵߺܹõõڹӶ»ǹڡ
ֻ࣬ʵǲָԼڹΪʲôľʱõڹķȫķҲ˶٣¸ܵõһõ⹦ʽؼ
һҲ뷨ΪεǵõһףɽͿΪɱжóˡ
һһıָɣȻԼĸɾѾϤ˵Ҷľ͸оһſ϶һ
ҶûżۣȫķָһЩ֮ŻչŽ߼еǱװϡ
ԼϺмĹʽװһ㣬ɫƤԼķ˳Ψһе㲻ЭľǹɫüдⱾ
д֮Ҷ־ϲϲιȻٻԼĿǰȽҪ⹦ʽؼһǸպʺԼϾܹó书
еƵһɲǽɽҪԼԻȥˡҲޱ֮ˣɽȵ¶ҪӶɱˣҲ÷ǵýʩչ
׹ɽҲȫȻáһҶЦſ˿ŵⱾƷؼֻд֣ƣ


044 ٳɣ
õƵҶĵ׺ǿģΪٻ׹һ׻㲻ģ֮ԵеƷˡ
ȻԼҪĽ˲̫̰Ĳǣ
һ飬Ʒ˴˽⣬ڿȷǣǳ䵱ƣɵġ
׹ָһ·ͺͳȭƵأźܶɴУȻƣĺܶϸڲͬ
ҶⱾԭеһ·ƷĿɽ֮ˣƷ־ֻôһ֣ͬе⼸ͬ书ҪϽ𶥡֮ʾ֡
ƷһֱϲĶС˵ҶȻûв֪ĵƷһ̶̫ȭһЩ֮ͨ׹Եеʱ򣬿ȴںվʹ᲻ִ׾мܡ
Ʊ䵱ɸõѧּƷиᣬףѰΪߣһǾҪܵˡҲ˶ϰ߾һҪʵ书ҪֻǸߵͲͬˣԭϰƵǺ磬ֻСʱѧƣ˾ŸܶԵУγҲǵڹС֮󣩡
ҶȻǺܴ󣬵ѾСɣʹƷûκ⣬Ψһ鷳ľҪڶʱڼʽԼת⾳ķɡ
ת֮ĶҶ̫ȭĻԣȻԼѧĲЩƤëЩƤëȴܺõĿΪҲ档ҶҲܱ֤ܿľͼ£ֻǽٲڼϰԼƷϤ̶ȡ
Ψһ鷳Ǹ任ķɣ仹ҪԼھתڼ鷳ֻ֮ؼδʽϰѾˡ
һ߶ؼݾǣһ߰ĦԼ˵ĽѾӣԼܹĻָжͬʱ˼θ书ɼս
ȴԼ˰ʱʱҶѾཫ˸ȫͬʱһЩصĿھҲ˴ţͲûȥʵһˡ
һԼĽţоѾûʹУѾжްŴЬµأؼźȻ˷䡣
׼ҸطúһؼЯҲΪ㷭һԼ;ʲô׻ͻȻ벻Ҳʱȡٲһ
ֻһӣɽɶɹˣȻ󲿷˶ԼסǰһƬܲĿ֮óؼɣ
ҪǣԼʦû׼ԼʦԼٻؼܡ
һŮʹŮ·ĶƵأ֪Ѿͷʱû¿๦Ҷľǽƿ֮ʾѩõӦֽѾڹҲû¶٣ȻԼҲ޼ˡ
Կ˼ۣҶİһ䣺ֻǳȥһµԼδŬͿ챻ʦøϳȥˡٲʵҪ˶þͻᱻѾͷı׽ҽ֮λøˣ
Ѿͷ϶ԼŵʱǰҪҲʲô˼ıʦôԼûطˡ
ؿڵλãǱؼһ㰲ĵĸоҺҺãҽң
ҿҶľѰһƫƧĵطٺúɽطСҶĸֱȦһƬطԲóɽɽҲһҵƧֻ֮Ҫ߼·
Ҷתȥۿ˹ǵĹȺһֱվһԿԼʦ˾䣺ʦȥ
ҶӦ˾䣺ûʲôתת緹ʱͲýˣΪѩ书Ŀ죬̼ҶģǾúˣΪţǵ»иƷԼʦõţҪ֤ԼʵʼжĴڡҶλȥ˴ģһٷҪģ
һĹ򣬽һ״ûӴĹһƣõȥǻᱻΪ䲻Եʲôϰ书һ״ûӴ书µĸ˵Լš˵һѧ书һ̶ȣó˶Եеĳ̶ȣҪķѵʱΪλ㡪Ż߹㡣
ҶڼţֻҶԵƱȽϽȣĵԼ˳ɾҪ׹˶Եˣò̵ʱڽ书ʵսϡ
ȻҶҲǲЩ˵ǣɽϴ󲿷书λԼҪʹƾܻܾˡ϶ԸⲿԼֻҪϵƣ̫泤ȭԵо͹ˡ
ٲûбʤİգǸŹһҲûսʤģҶԼĽƻޣǻǣ̶ȣԿԱ֤Լ䡣ֻʹ֣ܶôɽУΪĿľ޷ﵽ
ҪʤҪʤøɴ䣬ʤ޻˵ҶĲŻȵҪϰһܹӸĹ֮ԵС
ڶʱԼѧһ¹⡭ҶԭԵûУϢʲôһһѵĲֵǮҶı࡮ѧ䡯Ѭգظﲻ֪˶֪ʶиһЩѧ
ʲôΣΣʤУܵеȵȵȵʤҶľʹѧϰ޼䵱ɽܵǴΣȰƵһЩҪּ;ףھ·ֻѧʽ꣬ʽԺ˵ɣ
ȻƵҲܾһһʽϰܹ֮ԵҪķѵʱ̫޼ɵѧ̫ȭҲڴǿкѧ˺һӲѧסȻƺ̫ȭһȼ书ҶҲ޼ɲǣ
ԣҶԼµڹΪƵһЩۺһЩɽЩûʲôľ书ļһû⡣
οһɽأһͻȻҲѾģ
»ЦţҶĺҴѰһƧڣֻϸһƣⲻʹǴɽ
ôת֮ߵˣǸС˭Ҳ벻ﻹһǰҶȥ˸񣬰һ䣺ˣ羰ȷһ֮
°ڿƣ׼ϰһƣ
ںʽֻҪͬʱЩ;ڿĳ֮³ģҪӦʹƷ֮ʱԼھߣȫھϺӦ
ôһʱ䣬һֱɽ֮ʱվɽԲϦ͵ҫҶĲͣĻӶ˫ƣ֮ˮһ㣬Ҷĳת಻˼ͬʱ֮ȻɬܹҵһţֻҪٸһЩʱԼܹƷ˾ˡ
һƻӳʱƺۼ֮ʱͻȻһ𣬾֮䣬ҶһڵеһСǡñһ˸ţ¾ͱĭɢ俪
ҶĴչȻͿվڲԶһֵı顪ǸӣͺǴһ룬Ӳֹסһ


045 
Ҷ˼ƣǹŹֵı飬в²˳˼ԼٳٲԳѰң֪طڣѰ˹ǡɿԼղΣֻǡ
ʦܣʲô飿
ȴ֪Ѱ˰죬طҶĵʱ򣬼ϰûǰţֻ⹦Ҳ֪Ǹʲô·ؼҶĴʵ̫ѿЩȭƳ֮ƸΪ֮Ʋʲôڡ
Ȼ֪ҶĸƵʽ·ֻһĲѧԼһЩķţԴļƸԼ£ΪĲЩոᵽһЩţͲƱӡĴ򣬵Ȼÿĵȥ
Ƴ֮һ;͸ˣֻԼʦƱȻȻȥ֮ûʹƷĪ˵ˣֻӬĲ
һĴ˹ֻǡڴʱҶһ飬ƺһƾȻӲǽ˷ĩһĻŵֹסԭĶҶתͷʱŻŹӡ
ֱҶĳʣͲŻعֻʲһµӡ̫ʱ͵Դﲻͣƣһھʵʦ֣ղʲôƷ
Ҷ֪ʦѾҲûڴһ䣺ƣ
ƣƷˣȷһĸоĵСֻǼҶһ֮ɲΪƷҲģ෴Ľ
뵽Լʽ֮Ҳѧ书;һ󼤶ҶĸղõƷ͸Ȥ
ʦ֣Ʒ̸ܽ𣿡Ҷ̵Ȼʽ֮󣡡
ҶҲû룬Ӧʽ֮ȻѧʲôѧʲôֻҪɽеĹԿϰ˵⻰ʱҲںʲôߵͲβϰ⣬ΪɽɱߵľǼȻɽκһ书Ϊ޷ϰҶٻȸ߲εĹ˵ɣ
ԴϲȻղ׹ۣȴǲףòʽ뽭ĲеĲȻͣͲվŴ䣬ҶľͽƷڸ
ϧ㽣ҶĶͷһˮ
ֻƷҲǸոտʼѧҪһˣ
򣿡Ͳס
ǻûɡ˵ҶҲеϷȡһţԼҵĹŵȴûɾͱȥʵе㶪ˡ
Ҳû뵽ԭƷҶĻûɣһŷӦҶ˵ĵʲô˼
ǵƷ˲̸ܽҲûʲôֵģҶţʲôǿ书ȻҪʦܵҲûȵĵҶ书ؼȫȻûϾǰɲɽɵӣҲ֪ɽǸʲôӡ
ҶģͲʣ˵ôǿɲ飬ǲ²ԼõؼǱɽʦܴ书ҲҶԴĶνں
ѩҶҲûǹ书óǸʦ÷ֻԼһͿҪѧҲҪĲ˲СҲͻʲô뷨ţԼȸһڹķ͹һˡ
ڹĲˣԼҲѾ书ùˣ˵ʱԼֵõʲôõؼʱⱾóҲνˡ
ѩԼ书ģԼҲԳԼͿԼӣԼղǷɬĶӦûһЩ˵֤ˣѩҲ׷ʲôˣɲ֪Լղǿɲɬ⣬һʼΪԼʦڳ硣
ϹĹҶһ㲻۶գھͱһ׿Բ˵ϽĻԣʲôë
ƵĻص˴ݣͱ˷ˣѩԼһԣ궯ҲδڵԼ
ô԰
ԼԼʱһЩȱԾҶһݿССĶͰ͵ԼûӦûһȥ֣ɵóھһ䡣
ѩǰһ£С򲻸ҿڣЦ˵˾䣺үδôܶꣿ
ҶŷӦԼôһţݵλŵġȻһЩ˼ĺܶ࣬һЩϵϰߵС飬ϰԵİǰ˼·ȥ˼Щźܶصġ
Լһ꣬˶ֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿһӷӲͦҶĵүԽС
ٺһЦʩʩȻߵϣȻһˣ˵ԣ
һӵ˲ǰĿӿʼͣһֱԼˬͲøϽ֮λȥʦҲһ˿ĵԼһڲ˼еſ϶꣬Ҷºһ⡣
ŹȻǺˬ
һȵĿпǺ׾ģҲǺܶȨ˻ļȡȨԭѾ޷˱Ϣˡ
ҶĲŴԽ࣬ҲֻǳӴζе㲻ԸֵĸоҲûоʲôá
жҲܹһֱߣɽɲϵǿȥһֱŷĵҪ丶ʵ
ˣԼѩʦʦԣʣµľԼͽܣɽɵȫͽӡʱվһźţΪɽɵۣûʸϯЩһԷģֻܵ˳ȥԡ
Ȼѩ׽ѩҲû˼ȥı䣬ҶȻҲȥı䣬ʲôƽȵϷҪɽ˶ƽŻë
ôˣȻȰǰֻԼѩ˹˲٣ֻǾôֻСèе㲻á
οΪ״ӵ̫СˣȵǳҪٹ10Ĺ⾰֮ǰɽѵֻʦά֣
˻̫٣˼ڷҶԴ￪ʼ˼ɵķչơ˵ԵģɽɽŽɣȴֻôˣ֪˶ϡٲĻΪɽǸûлأ
˵ԺҪչĻܣҲͷ취׳һ
ֽ£ҶĿѩʦãº£ȻʦúԼ̣ܺģֻλͣʽ˵
ҶĽˣͣ˿ѩҲһ޶Ҷ˵ͷʦ˵
Ҿã˻̫ˣ⿿Ǽͽչƺ̫һЩ齨ţͽ׳ƣʦΪз񣿡


046 ֮
ţѩҶĵ飬üͷǲŵ˼ֻɽʸ
еŵɣһЩŴɣԼɽͷϾôˣҲ齨Լ״ӵҲûʲôǰʦοţ
˵ףɽûǸʱȥЩɲŸ˵İϷѩΪҶӿʼ˼ηչɺҲ಻뷨
ʦ֣ɽɵͷǺյŵӡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷһȻ֪ʵЩɽʵ̫٣־ɵ뵽ȺִµĻɽɡ
ֻһʦߣټûһͽӡȺĹһֱ߿Ҳһֱ˼ηչйأȵɽɻָһЩԪʱѾ书õʱڡ
ҶĿɲȺǰңĿǰɽɵķչ̬ҪȺĻɽǿϲ٣ⲻԺһǸƵаľӽĺù
ҪǣôɽţȴѲӵ˶ûУҪǱʲô谭Ψһ鷳Ҳ޵ĺܺΰĸǽֻҪԽ˹ǾˣܲҶǼվǽ·ڰɣ
ɽɵʱû˸ҴΪɽɱõĴɣʱȻû䵫д棬ͨʿɽɽŵͷ
ɽɿɲУûʲô֪ռôɽͷôΰɽţ׵ĸ˼ǮһЩĻļһ϶ɽʱϾ֮µǲ١
ҶȻڹյĴɽɵЧֻܾһ˵УһЩûۼǲһûʲô̫ͣܲܵȵҶð̹ʱԼȥķɣ
ԼЩ˵˳ѩҲʶȷǸ鷳Ͼɽɲֻһɣ׼ԱЩھӻᶯʲô˼οɽһЩɵĽ㲻ϺãȷҪ
Щڻ͵뷨ܼ򵥣ҲĳйءȻȱ֮ˣǻǮͼͺˣ
ֻȴҪصĿһɣһɽŵ鶼ҪǮ
ҶȻעⲻһ㣬ֻǿЦĿһԼʦûлش
ѩҲһǱ𣿡ı鿴Լ;ǸҲԼ˵˴οǱֻϸϸһ˼йؼ
ǾҶ֪Ļ޵һ޵ڶɽֻܿˣԺҲڽϻˣרɽҲˡ
ʵ˵ףʵ⣡ʵˣ½ɽſҲû˸ҴϾûԸǿˡ
µɽȴҪɶûɶƫƫӵټһƤƲ׵ɽţ͵һ޸֮һשȺ˻ĵط޸֮鷳ȴ᲻ϵ
Ǻã
뵽ѩҲԲȥüͷϸߺҪšһţΪҲһ࣬Ҳ벻ʲô̫õ⡣
һʱ䣬һƬŵУ겻İ˴ӸǴҳһڣֻʵʵվԼʦһݣҼˡ
ֻһվľˣ˫ⷢ顣˵ϾѧҳȻûʲôĹܹеڣվһ˵ʲôȴˣϾûʲô껹˲ٿͷӶûֻվһѼֲס
Ȼҧ˵ʲôȴԾĻΣǡԵĵӣ΢졣ֿһ£СѾͷܻᱻӰ
ŪĶֻôĻܻԵرԣҶתͷһӣûʲôҲû⡣ֻһȴԴһֻģģĲ¿ۣѰҸղ⵽뵽ʲô
ԣӦúûʲôϵǡ
뵽ҶԼյʲôֻǾʲôǰղס
ʼ벻ʲôҶĽ˼·תصϣһ˼·ͱ
ҡɽھ֣ͨ͸ҶĲԾһģЦź˾䣺԰ô磿
һ½˶һѩǱŵĲʶԼӦеֻȴԵɹֵͻȻһɤӵҶϣʦ㷢ʲô裿
ҶЦЦڰǸȻԼͽʵھֵʦһ㶼ʲô·
֪Լʦʲô˼ֻǵسекҲһЩĽͶĽˣ
Ҷʣô˵ҵʦкܶ඼ûɵˣʹ书ʲô·
һҪʱǻ治ȴСھʦһһЩҲһЩָڴ󲿷ʦĹ·ͶʦǱҵĻÿ˵ʦжһģһЩԼھʦֻѧһЩȭţҵԼָһ
Ҷĵ˵ͷɽھֵʦȻԼϣɷֱܼ򵥣ĻԼǷ뷨ȷʵˡ
ʵЩҶҲͲٶԣתͷԼʦú˵˾䣺ŵˣ
һ˵ѩĪԣƺ뵽ʲôҲû˵ֻҶĹ𰸡
뵽Ҷĸûн͵ȤҲΪʾԼһԹأ˵Ǿ֮˻ʾҼԷȻҲû˵ȵ˷ֱӻ˷䵱Уѩ۵Сۡ
ĹʲôأֻȻ䣬벻ȴ˵顣ûиȷʵĽչ֮ǰʵûбҪʲô˵Ҫ³˻˵ҪǲɷԵëëһһĲء
صһڹȻϸһ½ƵĵãٲڷһþļɣҲѾҹת˯
ڶգҶһ첻ӰɵЩ޽̶ûȥֻû˺ֱӾͻֻԼŲѩҲ֪ԼʦæʲôֻҲûȥ׷ʣҲϰҶصˡ
ȵǹ涨ӹȥҶĲȥǰ濴һ۹̽չֻ߹Ԥõŵǰ棬ҶļԭһƬǰͥѾȻһ£ʯ̳ɵ·ֱӽ
ͬʱΧһȦߴոµΧǽҲǰͥǰͥӣԭһȥտտĺҰ⡣
ⷬɹҶĵ˵ͷһЩһֹǮһЩʱĹɽؼҡ
æЩʼڴյŴˣ


047 
̫գȴûлЦ
վһɽ棬ǻĵʲôɿŵĻ仹ɾ˹ˡ˵ûڶ쿪ŵĻֻɽȴǰҲġ
ҶֻǶУֱ߷ŵĲˮѾ֪˶ٴΣɼɸеڸԭһǲͣ˵۵ģǹ˷£
ĶˣȻ󲿷ҶĪ˵ʶû˲Ϥ񶼻ȹĺԼһҶţϲϲ㾰һִŵĸоԣ
ۼʱѾ޼ĴҲվȫˣҶһЦĽͬлһ߿æ㲻մغҵʦáһԼûʲôɫʦæͷ̧ôôˬأ
ĪѾ̬ˣ
ԼһЦҶֺһڲˮǡڴʱվſʱʹһ۵ĹһɤӣɽھͷʦЯ񵽡
ĳҲõע⵽¿ͣεĿ˸ǽǵĸףݸڲͬҶһԣֱȥӭǡе;ԼھֵѾ˽
ҶţɹȻƷǷǵһɽɣǴźⲻǱɽŸһ¡
ͷˣ໥˸ҶֱһǰλѾλãһǸͷģһǲȷϣֻǳǽλø
ɽǰֵˣһͼڵرԵλһЩ˾˾䣺λǸµģĪǽʲôҪ
һЩϢͨʱ򶼻Եر⣬ٺٵЦһֱķҪ˲ſ˵𰸡
֪˰ɣʵɽҪյĵӣһɽھͷĴӣԼҪΪʦĵȻҪǰһλȻǸͷģ
ͷ˼ҵ书Ҫӽ˽̵ĪɽȻûôϣֻʵΪĽ˵ɽŵȻҪͿĶԴ˽̸Ҳ˿
ȴǲ֪ˡ
ϢԲرȫ棬֪һˣԱվŵһԱӵĿһһۣЦֻ֪Ƥë͸ҳŪɽʵҵǲ֪ɽŵưڸһƾͱҶŴѪ⹦˵ǲףǱͷֻ߲͡
ԱһЩ֪Զһ̾ٲСɴǰңֲûҶŽʶһԼԺɽϵҲܺùһ㡣
ãҲĪҪλү
뷨һ˲ΪСɴ뷨ֻһСֶЩȫȻŵģһЩ˸֪ɽɸԭȭɽɱģֻ΢˸Ż
ҶҲһ˽⣬ֻӡǸҶŻǱŹ¾ʹĻȥܷϲǿɲΪķܹڶʱڷͷƽƽ
ҶǸƲ۵ķȻ⣬ͷ̸ʮֵļʣһ䡰֪СʹʲôаȻƵɽھֵͷһң
ֻҲûеȥһҶǷ̥ǣ书Ͼ³Ҷһƴڴ󺣵ĴţҲСĽһЩҶıˣ³çǷͷûԼ˻¡
ΪҶҲ޷ŶˣϾҶȭŵĶԹǶ֪Ҷĸ¯õֻԭֻһ֮൱ȭŵΪһȭŵĴѹ
ߺߣؽնһϷƣû´ȭɻŴ磡
ЩվڵһԹۣһ˼һȭŵ˽ãҶıαװߵʱȥ³ͷ
ͷϵϵԺɽؽͲ»첻ȥˣ
Щ˵˼ȻҶģȺ˼ûԼͼ뷨ʱȻҲҶĴкվڽԹۣҲ൱һҶȻµĳȺһǱʲôͷġֻȥȺСˣԺΪȺ˻пܳߵС
ΪҶѾнЩһɻԺɽҪһͳɽʱЩһͻǵһĶ
뵽Ҷ漴ͼ˾ȻӣװĶ
ҶĴڴһ䣺СС⣬ȨȮӰʦ֮񣡡
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˺ôǼӹ⿴̧ŵʱ֪ᣬƳжôˣ⾴ԲССģ
ͷ̫ˣ
ڵлҶĵûоܾ˼ο̸Ǽ飬ɽھҲһôòԼҲ㲻ʲô
̸˼䣬һֱææѩ͸Ϲ˵˾䣺ʱѵʦֵɣ
ҶԵ˵ͷȻ뿪ʼŴ䣡
ΪűֵĹϵվ׼ʦҶĴʦͽսɽǽͣҹһУһ
û뵽ԼҪɽɣҹҲҪţǰֻ˵ԼүΪʲôַȻҳߣȴܵɽô£ѵվСɽɣ
ʼ벻ףʲôɿԴʹҹӰɽɵУοŵƺûҪѧɣ
˼⣬в͵ϸģһ֡
˵ʦҹҼǵǸСûôɣ
ڵиǣñ̸֮۸ͣڲ²ṫӸ˭
ڼ䵹мϵ͵ˣֻЩ˳ʱмһվ׼ʦһĻһԵȵԵ˶ʼ̸۵ʱŷӦ
سҵĹӣôˣѵҲҪɽɣ
ңĸҵĹӣ
ɽػĸңȻүӵĶӣ
ʲôүӣҲôɽϰˣܲɽɳ˽գ黭ɣ
ô֪
֮˷Ϊ˶ѹԼܹûӰ쵽ĽС
ʱҶҲ׼õġ塯˵⵱УףԭλǴʦͽɽǽҶĵͽܶʦܣ
ⱾЩֵ˵ʲôǶϽ˵кܶҪ˼ˡ
ĳɽɵӣҶɽʲô̬ȣԺԼҲ֧ɽɷչɡ뵽ʮԼѺɽϣԼĶӰݽɽɡ
˲²⵱У͵ŵѾɣһֱվԱߵŵСˡ
ԼӼΪɽһϯӣ˿ҶģֿѾվһԵһ˷ܡ
ֻ˷ܾûſھʹһȣһò̬ĺӴ̤˽м仰ҪҶֵ˵˵


048 С¶
ҶĿԼºԼԽոԼһƵŹ°һ䣺ȻˣʱĿ治
ȷʱ˶ڹۿɽɵΰʦȭͻȻһȺ˳˽Ȼһ䡮ͽ˵עԼϣͷĵȷ
ֻҶͷԽҲʹԺԽҡ
ֵ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôҶļ򵥵ıһȭ͵Ȼ֪Էҳӵģȴûʧֻеĺ⣬˵񣬻˵ֶ̧ѡ
ŹҲ⣬ӦһҶֵֻܿҶֵɽŵ飬ҲֵҴкɽɡһְⷬƺܿȴҶľȻɽţõĻԭ֣Ȼһ֮Ϊðǡ
ֻ⻹꣬ŹӵӳҶҶֵܱʫ飬ɽټĲӣǰһţǼʶˣĪνĶ˵Ĳǣ
ҶƾŹ𳰷ֱ˵˲ŴȭŶɽɵƣҼˣԣɽɵƣòǻֲȭ˵ģ
ⷬ˵ûκԣϾҶĵȷûɽ¯ɽɽƣܹǲͬȭŴ˷ǳҶĲҪ棬Ǹ˾ЩаȻվס˵һٸɵҶĺɡ
κҶĸͲףʲôЩʱǲССģƤǶ𡣸οɽ֣ӵ˵ȷûʲô⣬ȭִϺҶĳƤ˳Ҳ
ŹҲǱȻЩ飬׽¿ÿʵԼţοҪʰĻһյ°ܽ
Ȼ֮ǰҶƺод˵һƴڴ󺣡ԣŹֻһ֡ΪҶĴڴ󺣿ģһоͽڴ󺣴Ѫǽԣ;˵֮ԶﴫŻţҶĻôʱôǾԲŵġ
Ź˵ҶЦֵ֪ܴ˷ν£ǹվһԣɽɶÿȻдǰ¡ߣɽҲ֮
ҶһһɽɣѶԷǳϲϣɽͷˣҲ춨ˣȭ飬Ǿȭͷϼ¡
ŹҶⷬδüһȭŵӵͻȻԵҶģôĿĪȭΪ𣿡
ҶƳһۣʵʲôҲ˵֪صĶҶǼ֪ԼݣԼͷĶԻСආͻȻڣĪŹΪˣ
һҭĶɫһһףȴǲ֪ôӦˡ
ҶҲӦĻᣬֱӶŹ˵ֵܵ£ô°ѵȭбûй𣿿ҪֵܸһһЩ̵
⻰˵ľˣŹҲɫҪȭûйأҲǲܵģֻܺڴ˾䣺ҶֵܷԼã
ϧ⻰û˵꣬һƿ֮ӶԴһƺߣתͷʱղ˵֮Ѿؿڹ˵ϣ֮ͷһȴһͭڵϵĹͣȻײԼͣ
ͭ壿
Ź𲻿ŵĿ۽űöƽƽͭ壬Ȼؿƺϲͫ͵һ
ֻƾһͭͽ˴ԺҪŹ漴ڹΪԶ֮ϣ
תͷҶģֻһ΢ЦվʲҶһöͭͷŵȭһӵһĻ˶ƵȻ͵Ϯ֮ӣЩʣǾһѷҲþһ·ŵһˣһöͭ塣
Ҷվﲻϲ˼һöͭһʵƽ飬ûʲôֵġҶԼȴ쳣⣬һ䣺ʱʦʵĶͭ幦ȷã
ԭҶǴμѩͭѨλ˴֮󣬾ͳԼʦôְַ
֪Լ˵ǸǬһ书ѩȤ֮Ǯ˵еĹͣڣһЩŵҶҲڸԼʦ֡⹦ûʲôֻ֮ϰķʱա
Ҷĵ֪żҲˣΣֻ׼ͷαȲѩģǴ̶ĿҶҲܱ֤жԷѨλϡҪӳȥͭǮڹѾСɵҶȻҪѩǿࡣ
Ҷ֪һЩԭʲſ׼˺Ƶʣ֮̾һöͭǮ˦˳ȥǡø֮ʱؿϣԲŻЧ
Ǭôֻ֪ҶĹһôǿΪҶĵɽ鷳ˣԼύɽǲһѡ˴ʱģٻԼˡ
ҲͬˣûɹԼѡֻǵۼҶ¶ôһֺĵǻø̤ʵ
Ҷ¶ôһֺȻ׽ȭţȴ˰ĵãҲһû԰ڣЧףܹû׷
ֻȭ߾ͲôˣһֱվŹҲһӴһ䣺Ҷģȭź𣿡
ҶڴȭŵɽǺ𣿡Ȼַһ䣺λôƺĪȭûйأӵ˵
ͨ죬ȵȭִʷޣ
ҶףԭȭͷĲŹһΪŹȭҲһִ¡
ȭŹһһĸִ£Ź֮һеλʷԳִ£λǺŹһ޶
ԭʷִ£ʧˣֻҶǱʵûа㾴⣬Ӧһк̬ղűҶִ˵ȭŵҲûʲô
ǸΪԼݵλţBʷ̣ʹڱŭԵ̾һ̤Ϻ߯ҲСˣ֪֪ʷ޵
ûأǰȥҶǰȭһΣǰһȭֱʹȭȭеСȭ
ʷһҪԳԼһ־ǾУΪһ¾ܽĿ˻еҲöԷˡϾȭ˶֪Ҷİǰ¾ͰŹϣʱŹûóȫ
еλŹ൱ʷȻΪҶܹԼȫһȭֻǺܿĿɿڴͷˡ
ȭͷҶĵʱֻҶһһľͻԼȫһȭһ˳ƾԼӡ˹


049 ѪּѪ
ʷ޳ʱҶһԼؿԻţֻ漴ͼҶһûʲô˳ǸղŵֵԼȭʱɢ˳һҲһŻԼ
˼ת֮Ȼ˾ȥҶһ£ʷԼӲҶһҲ̫⣬෴ԼԳƱƽӶҶش
κξ¼׵֮ʱҶѾ̽ؿڣһ䣬Ȼ죬ʷ޻ûӦô£;ñͻȻûӰӣԼؿڴһʹһѪֱͷЩҪ˳
ô£
ʷԴֻôһͷ͸еƵĵλ𣬱ǿӲ˻ȥǿѪվ˳ΪԼɳѪԼؿڣȾ˸ͨ졣
ԭҶֻʷһȭ˳һȦžһĳһѾƵţԿȻʵٶȲڻһ˲侢籡ӡʷ޵ϣǶҲû˷ѡ
ʷͻȻܵػıõĹƾԻΪӰϣŻ󿪡
㾰ҶȻûзŹĵοʹ಻֮⣬һк׷ȻӶȥʷ𾪣ֻػϾһȭһ֮ջҲִһȭȭգھݺݵһƣһƸֱӽʷ޴ķ˳ȥͬʱҲһֱ˹ȥ
һ˵Ƿһ˲䷢顣ʷԾǰҶ´ѪʵɶȥܹҲֻ˲һڲĹ˶ûӦô£˵ڴʷܹչֳôΪʱһѾҶּ´ˡ
ȵ˷Ӧղžһ˲便ʲôʱҶѾ˫ƣֶȭˣǼƵȷһţ⡣
ʱȭŻʲôˣҲ˵ҶĿˡΪҲһЩСļһʷȭŵλߣ书ΪΣһ¾ͱҶĴ˸ѪʣȻ㲻ǿֻܹ֮Сһʡ
ڳֻŹ΢׹ʲô£ҲûǼôʷ޵ڵ²ʡһԼЩס˵ĵӽʷ޾Ȼúò鿴һһ߶ҶıȭҶù򣬺ļƣ
˵ҶĺùȻһգۼʹԼƽƽʷޣļƣȴ˵Ҷ̬ŭʷޣȻ߳ŭðȻ֮ʱֱӴ֣ʷ޵ΪٲҲڱҶһ͸ſ¡
ǽʷޣȭõĳֵľֻʣŹȲɽΣԼߵĵȷȷ˹ĸоˡ
ȭģôĻȥԺҲɽϻˣʵڶµŹѾҶĵΪȷһƴڴ󺣵Ҳ˳ʵǾԼǰԼĹΪжǿ׹ԼҲλҶֵ˺ãҲܾôֱӻȥ
ǰ̤˼ŹȭֱӵŹˣҶȭӣȴôˣĳҪҶָ˵
ָ˵ʲôȻǷϻ˵˾ҪҶıȻȻ⵹ҲҶĵϣһϲӣ΢΢˸ƣȻˣҶĳȻûвӦĵ
˵ҲǰһӦս
ҶǰŹüͷһ壺Ҷñ𣿡ǵҶԭȻ书٣ûҶĻ
Ҷһ㶣漴ͬ˫ֵŹ𣺡ֵܲҲûʹǿֶԿ֣ã
ⷬ˵ŹüͷĸЩֻҶƲԼñһΪ˫ȭͷϣϴҶսʱʹĵȴóֻҶǰõܵԼҶҲͲá
Ըɴ˵ԼͲóʹʹȭͷҪʹȫƲҶġڰǰΪõ±㲻ϸ˵ˣ֪
ҶҲŹóĵȷǿֲ֮ԳֿȭҪԼǿԼΪԸռҶıֱ˵˳Ҷи׼ĪҪΪѰʲôƽ䷴˰ɴ˿ɼŹƷֵóƵҶʹƳʷԵòô䡣
Ź𽫻˵ףҶҲֻ˵ýĹȴˣȭŵгֵĪҪ⣬ǿֱȻǣ
֮ˣҶĻǺܾصģҲֱӽ˵˵ֱӸԼҲûռʲôˣɣ
Ȼô˵ˣŹҲͲٶԣϸղҶĴʷǼµȷɴ䣬˵λҶŲͨȭǾԲŵģҲͲٷϻֱһֱһǳȭ
Źʹȭ׿ȭĴȭʷϰСȭͬ׹󿪴ϣֱֱôȭĽ˴ܣΪӡ
ȭУŹȭΪȭҲֻŹӮһ
ҶȻǲ֪Щ飬ŹһȭҲʹ̫泤ȭ֮ԵСϾȭĹչǸոϰղҲǳŶŭҲ֮²ЧĶԾУʹǻĹǴ
ֻգۼ˾Ͷһʹȭ󿪴ϣΪתŲ֮ȴҲɬһ˻ʦֵܣڳбԽա
Ϊ̫泤ȭȭǲ·ȫʩչһ𣬲ŻЧֻûã˾ͼԽԽ죬ȭ֮ƿշʱҲ˾֮ͬУɱˡ
Ҷȭһ棬סŹһȭȻ˳һģ˽һȡ漴˳ǰ壬ȭֱŹȥȻȴŹ˳ֻԼһ¡
ֻգۼ䣬˾ѾʮУŹֻҶĵȭ·ӵǺԼȭΪƣֻȭ֮侢ĴڹΪ߹ԼôȥԼౣʮڲܣмȥ
°һҶôôȻҲû˼ȥʲôһԷϾѾˣԼֻҪԵбˡڽȴǿǲˡ
ŹֻһҶȴô̫ʲô£ԼĿĿɾˣ԰Ѱ˸ᣬν֮䣬·ͻȻһ䣬ȴ͵ʹ·
ǰ󿪴ϣ֮֮ʱҶһ䣬ʱļȭ̫泤ȭԷȴǡãŹ⧲֮£ͻȻҶһת֮һԼľ룬ηкãֻͷ䣬ͻȻ͸оƱһʯУŸжһ󷭽ȴǱ˳ƴڵھอ
ΪǡԼһðվϵʱһͻȻ⵽ػ˶Щվ֮סһģҶץסžžƣŹһ岽ſסΡ
ʱҶڹŹڵȫҲ췴һڿòֹסӵŹһûסһѪֱӿ졣
˾֪ѶҶķдʯŻһ䣺Ѫܻܲ㻨


050 ֮
ŹҶһƴļ˳ǵ³Ѫκһ˶ƵĳѾֳʤˡ
ֻúܶ˸е˳Ծ
ִ¾ȻڲʮͱѪɽҲ̫˰ɣһЩŹ书Ϊ˽˾Ĳ֪˵ʲôãи౾ȭŵ˰˼ҪҪڸϽȭŰѸϵɽɣ
µϹҲףȭɽѾ׽ָɾҪһƴʱҪǱ˽ȥɾ֮֡
ǰǶܹվȭһ߽ѵɽɣ˳ռ˺ǿġɽɺпһȭš
Ȼǲ֪ɽɳ˵ʵΣɼֻҶһˣҲǴ˾޴ѹһĸڽɶԡ
ҶŹ𶷵ľһЩҲᶨվȭǱߣΪɽɱϾƵֻҪǣסҶģֲ˺á
µǣȭĴִµʷһͱҶִĻ˹ȥĴִйõŹҲûֵʮУȻͱѪûս֮˼ҶĴʱְȻûа̬ٴһҲûκ⡣
㹦ɽѾԺų޵ˣһЩϢͨ˸ǰһ䣺ºųɽһֵȭҲûǿգ޷ڶʮڴŹѪˡ
ҶȻ֪Щ룬Χ˵ıԼҪЧǲñΪԼһе˵Ҷ΢ġ
ŹɽͷС˽ʮвŴҲõЧ
̧ȥŹֻ⺺վԭصһȻอзڵľۣҶı˱ȭҶźùķڷɽɽ֮ϣٲҪ׽׽պټҲ˾ûʲôóϵģ˵մȭŵĵӾ뿪˴ֱӻȭŵפȥˡ
ҶҲһڰ·һڵȻܹˣȴֱӽһ˴ղǼŹʹʮµģֻҪѻָʲô
Ͼϰǹȫķʲôаڹûʲô˵İ
Ŀȭ˳˴ҶİԳһǹˣɽҲ˵һںȭŵ飿æһȥʰ
Ҫͽ䣬Ȼ඼ȭҶĹάͣʲôҶźù򣡡Ҷɽϵһ֣ҶΪͽɡ֮ﲻҶһһЦӦȻ˾䣺仹δɣλٴͽλ׽һ
˶Ӧ˵˵Ȼٴλصԭ
飬ȻҲ໰Ⱥ˰ʦ֮ߵɽʦˣͬʱҲΪʦ֣ΪʦõŴΡͣΪߴӣΪҶѩʦʣڳҲʲô֡
ʹ󣬿ȻҪĩǰ棬˲ˣֻܲ²ҵʲôӰ졣
űϣ˷׷ǰأҲȥ׽ˣͷҲЦӭһһлҶĵ֣ȷŽͽɽһõľˡ
ؼ䣬ͻȻſһɽҹЯ񵽣
һ˲ڳ㿴ңҿ㣬׷ײ²ôô˲ŵĪǼǴʱ
ֻҶ֪ôһ£ɫͣпЦһ£Ȼֱվԭҹǰ
ܿһ˾߽˵УֻһԼѮߣһϮ䲻ȴԵȷǷֻһҵĹ£ȴС
ǰȭС϶ҹ캣طϷ֮СӰɽ¡
Ҷ͵һͣɫӣһֹӣ֪ͷȷҵģƺҲûʲôҪðң
뵽һ㣬ҶĿĶ캣˾䣺¿ˣȻˣȻǴңôҶȻҪƿ
ֻͷȴ˾䣺һˣͬСϴ˷ǰֻΪϺҶС϶ɻȥˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ֪Щ˹ض࣬ҲͲٶ໰ֻû뵽ϷôԼӣ֪ϷԼҺĲãԽͷ͵㶫
ҶĲ²Ϸ˻ԼЩʲôʱ캣ȡһűݸҶģ񵥣ҶŹĿ
ҶֽȻ˳ƴһۡһƲҪһЩͷҧ˸ȥ
ֻűгĿҶֻһƳƵ۶ˡ
50001000ƥϸ1000ϸ1000Ѽ⵰಻ƣ
10ˣ10ˣŮ4ˡ
⻹лƽ100֮Ҳ˲٣λϷ˸δϱ׼ľǴɽŮӡҶĹ󣬱ϾҶʲô˲Ѳ飬ֻҪ΢һ֪ܵ
ôЩһЩ֪ɹϵҪһԼӲŻĺһЩϷֱһѶ˵ǸԼӵĶֱӸԼɵġҲڱİͻ¸ʦֻǸʦˡ
͵һ²֪ô£һĪԼѩҶĺܺѾͷ񵥻ʲô顣
һҶĵıб仯ȴԣΧֻǼ񵥺ֻڿ񵥣ֻнϽ΢ϤѩƵĳǱһҶȻ汻һϵҲûʧȡ
ѩһݣֱӸѩ
캣λͲҶţôȻ治ɫɫ糣Ҳһ£ԼҹͶҲûҡ
ڶﶼڵţҶſҪԲ鿴һ
Ҷİ˰֣ˣͬϵһѩ˵鷳ʦãȥҵ˽͵ȥɣԵͲˣԼʦ֪
ѩ˵ͷȻһŹֵĿһۣ߳˴Ȼûע⵽ղ񵥵ʱҲչˣЩѾ涫Ƴ˴šȻת
ϣɽɷ˰
զûյ칫ĵأ
㣿ݷҲյ칫ĵӣȥɣ
ʦôԺһһֱ֧ɽˣ
仰˵ĹʶеɶΪɽҵֺ֧ɵķչͷᳬԼԤڵѸ١
ֻǣЩ˲֪ͷ캣ѩ˴ֵ֮Ҷ˵˾䣺ҶŽһ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷȻ캣ת˵󡪡ֻһսǣΪΣ˿﷢ʲô
վ캣ҲҶķʾֱ˵⻹һȴҪҶգ
Ҷ֣ȴûʣֻͷ𰸡
캣ƣȷ˿ԼŴӻͳһĵݵҶϣǴҶգ


051 
ҶĽӹĺʵĲȻһЦе캣ͷƺڴҶĽ򿪣Ȼ󿴵ʲôʱʲôӦ
򿪣ҶķȻżֵֽĻҲΪΪһƱ
ʲôôأ
ҶĿд֮ʶϷԼһݶ
ҶĵһôҲ뵽ҾȻֶ
캣˵ͷɽĵּһ䣺ɽģ
ҶһѯʵָָϵĶⶫ͸ɽɵģ
Ϸ׿˵ȻջصĵҶŰ±ǣ캣˵ͷ϶Ҷĵʡ
캣ȻŵһȻᣬȴҶĸеѹֵ°ãȻϷˣ
ŵĶȻûƵĵοҶĺɽʵ̫Ҫˡ
ȻɽɶǽһЩ͢Ȳ⡣Ҳֻϵģ˶ѭ߽ΥҲĹ֣ڹٸĽܷΧڡ
ɽںܶ϶վס
ȣҲû˿ԾɽȦôһطפص˵ģΪɽΪɽɵĲҵԸǷӣȦΧǽȻɽԼҵ飬˹ܲ
෴ɽЩ߰ɰȭڣδ˽ԽΥɽԺƽɽʱȻҪٸôҲʦͷеý˷С
񽭺ϣɶҸɽͷӾطռˡͲȥǵʲôġȻǮƷҲȥطȻ޽ֻ̫١
ЩŴҲȥȻٽɵΪȴΪõľӪ˷ǳǿ뵱֮͢Ҳǧ˿ƵϵԳ͢͵عٸǳǶЩصȨġ
˵ȻûеǵȨǵõ˶෽ϡСɾûôõĴˣвȻռһõطת۵Ĺܾͱ˸ɵȻ󽫵ȥԭɽɾˡЩ˵ĵǲκ˳ϵģ󲿷Ϊ˭ʵ˭ռ£ûʵ͹ԶԶġ
ڹٸֻһֺǺǵĿ֣κϽȥȻĳһŵҹٸǻҪ棬ֻǾνǾû׼ˡ
һЩСͷۣǾԼռµĵطٸʲô忴ˣ˼ų͢ϵĵҪأЩССĴִ򲻹ǲ𣬱ϾȻϰ֮ˣȴƾ뵽֣ЩСƵı
ҶڵõɽȨôɽϵķɽȻҪϴȥġֻԸ׼ƾʵһһҲϽأҲ˵ʲôҲֻһԼԺ⵽ĳЩϷسɽɡ
֮ôֽܹҶʡȴ鷳ɽɵķչƽȣҶһǷҺô飬պǲó
ܹǷˣԺ˵ɣ
캣ȥȴͷͻȻʲôЩˣϷ˻ҪҺ˵һ
£
Ϸ˵ɼȻɽɣɽٻɽЩˣõЩʱ˳㽫ɽҲˣ캣뵽ҲһЦɽѾɽ֮
Ҷ΢Цһ£캣ҶлϷ˵ⷬ⣡ǵɽһͳɽ֮ʱԼɵӰӰ쵽ɽȻָĹû뵽̫̫¸УֱӰ־͸ˣǹٷϵġ
ҲӦóʱ䵱ллλϷˣ
ţҶ캣תصѩʱѾҲǰ˵˾䣺ﶼ͵㷿ˣЩۻԼŮұ£ȴȥδã
ѩЩ£Ͼⶼź͵ģǱȻµĳϰ֮˲ȸ֮ҽܣˣǻ˵ɽɵط˵ĵطҲ٣ɨֲҲ޲ɣŮ治ˡǻҲô˭˵ɵӳŻŻģ¿ɽƺҲ
ֻȴû뵽Ҷ˶ƣѩ͸ˣһ䣺ЩãȺ׵˵
ʲôãѩһ֮ɫΪҶĺòһɼҪЩӰˡ
ʦôԼҶҲգֻӦ˾䣺˼ϸ˵ȻѩԽĿдλ
ЩҶĺһ̸ֻ˼侰˭Ҳ²ҶıνȺɽؽأֻҶ˿ûȫڹǵķȻƲһνǱһȻ̸ҶͶ̸Ҳ˸죬ΪɽɽһԵ
ЩɽֻʣɽˡԼһƱۻ
ҶĿ⾰ʱɫѾȥɫͷɽһɽɣ⼸չǳΧǽ̺ʯ⣬ҲԼ޺ס
ò˵˶칫һƱȥ¶ķɿ졣ԼסĵطԭǼͿ˳Բó˯֮
ҲûҶĽ̸ʽ飬һҲ⡣οҲ֪͵Ǻص֪ԼһûȵģҺҹߴӣԼӵʦ壬ԼͬҲںһС裿Լ£Ҷļ飬ͽһ˵ԼӻܵҲٺô
˵ΪԼҲȷ˼Ѿ˼¶ԼΪȡֻȴ֪ҶĴ˷ҲԼͼҲܿҵ
н̸˷ֳһپϯҶֱϰһȻƫаɽɵԺ̸֮⣬ɽ֮˶ƫгԾơ
һٺȵǻڵأžɽڸýɽˡ֮ҲҶƫǱԼ΢΢Щ⣬ϾɽҲ޵нģСгɾȻеˡ
ֻ֪ԼҪŬԽ̸û䣬ͽת˴˴ˡ
ȴǶ˵͵ʦܣʮʮۻðţ⻤а֮
Ҳ˼δ£ֻЩѾɽ֮ˣΰȻʦֵģ˵ͻȻ֮ƺµʲôһȻ
ƺ뵽ˣҶҲͲن£ֱӵʮɽɽۣЩһɽɣΪŵӺˣ


052 
ŵӣ
һȻ˵ӣѩǰ̾һʦֻǵ¶һԵһ˼ӡ
ҶƳһȻ˵Լ뷨ЩŵȻɽͽǲ뱲֣Ҳ޷ôɽɵľ
ѩ⣬һƵʵλԸȥ
Ҷ֪Ǻܶ˵⣬˵ŵӱֳɫģֱתΪŵӣɽɴУгΪ״ӽϰ
˵˾ˡҶĸţʵϾһɸѡӵķӣҲ֣һЩͽڶĴҲôֻɽڶͲñʦʱȥЩ
ĳţǽһЩʦĶˣ͵⼸ȴ鷳
Ϊ˵ʮ㱻ŵӣҲûʲôοлɽУΪĵӡݵλȻͬն͸ЩһŬķЩûвӦĵ
ͨ˴˽ڣҲͲϾˣϾһܺýЩȥİ취ЩһŵӵͷҲɽɵˣɽȻҲ˳顣
ֻǻһ⣬ѩҲ֪ʲʣţǱȴѾˣЩŵӵ书˭ڣ
ѩԺݺݵĵԼʦһۣţѩƵһϵڲ񣬲ǰϸ˵žԼˣǹϵһɵ书ˣ书ɲѧʣǿóǰ˵ģɽ˹ϵٺãվɽ¡
ҲϽˣȻ᲻̸۵⣬̵ȵеˣ뿪һ£Ҫ߿һЩɽԼЩ顣
ҶסЦŵͷԵƬ̣ҽͬȥҶ⻰׵ʾرӡ
ŵ书⽫ŹһЩȭŵÿһŵӣЩҲй̶ʦڣʦÿһʱȥһѧĶǾͲعˣ
ѩԵ˵ͷҶҪַķʽѡ츳ӣͬʱҲǣЩ̫ྫÿһʱȥһ书ҲӰ쵽Լл߽Լ״ӣԵǲ
ҶľҪЩڸЩŵӣҪʣҶƺƳһ㣬˵ڿԴڸŵӵ书ݶΪϢɷɽԼɽȭ
ɽѩ֪ǻɷҲ֪ǰɽµϵӡ˵ʵ书ûʲôϡĵطóҲ޲ɡ
ɽȭѩҲʵϾҶĽŹԵʱõȭʱҶϰʱԼҲֻʽ󿪴ϲʺϰûѧҲûʵֻ̫࣬ԼʦԼĵ⡪ȭҲôʽҲӣҶԳԼҲûлɣȻ֪ȭԭֽ̫泤ȭ
Ҳûȭʲôر֮ɽҶԴȭŹԵУȭŵĴȭ˸ԴϷ磬ɼ׿ƽƽȭ֮ġ
ɲ֪ҶŹԵʱռϷΪڹΪŹߣܹݵʹЩʽеʱ򻹿ŹԼӲӲܵиõƶ̫泤ȭҶĲΪȭʲôϡġ
ѩƺ˵ʲôҶҲֱּ⣬һ׵պÿɹһЩƷΪȻֲŵŵϰ

һᵶ˾ͷҴ书ɾǵҲԵΪǰֻҶĵɽڹ˵õɣղ֪ȭŹҲǲסͬʱһЩϢɽԭǾ޽ģԭеڡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷȴûмȥ˼Ȼ棬Ҳ׷ʣϾ书һʵû̽Ѱ
ѩ˵ûȤ׷ʣѩ֪Լʦƺ仯Ĵ󣬵Ǹ˵鵹ǲԼȴǶԵȤҶĴӦأ
һһ¾˳֮УҶʧһ£ȻéķȥҶϯͻȻʲôƵҲһ˳ȥ
ѩͿϯ࿴һۺҲû˵ԴҲ֪Щʲô
ǳȥˣһһ̸仰֮ҶİʾҪ̸Ϊˣֻȴϣġ
ھʦ֣֪ǷЩ˵Ĺٽһأ
ȻûвӦĵϾʦˣҲʹھֱøǿԺҲܹ׬ȡӶ־֣˵Ǽջ
ֻ书Ҫ˸⣬Ҫҵõʦµβ˵ʦȴĲң¿ҶƺԽ̵ԼȺˣ
ҶĲʣ˵ͷʾȷʵˣͬʱԼҪ󣺡ΨһҪ󣬱Щ˹ɽŵӵţ
һҲҶľͼΪˣھϴ״ͷҶͨھּӵİɽɵͷȥ
˵ʵڵȻ书ߣȴΪӴ˶࣬̾ʲô˶У׽һЩϢĴȺ塣
Ҷɽھ֮ԹɽɵţɽھͷͬʱɽҲᱻ֪
룬ɽԼ±ԽԽǿôԼھ־ܽ׳󣬶ҸҶĸոϯԣԸ⴫һЩڼϰԼЩɽŵµġ
Уڹϰȫֻȫͬľ磬ߵĲֱݡ츳֮⣬ڹΪֵĸСԺԲƣڹĻܾͻ
Ҳֻ̰࣬ҪԼһܹΪԼ߹²ˮƽɽھ־ͿһΣ־Ҳǲܡ
ǱˣҪɽɻ᲻ûȻھ֣ȴصģΪԼĶɽŴӣһϵҲΪ˱ա˵ˣͽɽ֮ھּѾΪɽɵΧҵˡ
˼룬Ȩһ֮һ˵˾䣺ҶҪˣ⻰һѾ˽ˡ
ҶһЦҪ࣬ͷʮĹͺãЩҲҪÿ춼ɽϣֻҪһʱɽѧϰһʱͿԻȥҲͷ⣡
ʮҲҶĿǺõģԲضԡ
˵ͷһȥͰţ֮ˣȻ˾ǾĪҪˡҶҡҡͷ˹ɣ԰һЦԺ͵ͷϣ


053 ɽų
ҹյԼӴֳڹԼ廢ŵĵؼʱҶԵĺ񾿾Ƕôء
ȻڹķȷдŻڹֻǴһ֪ڹҪԼԭɷ࣬ڹһֻǿеĴ·
׵ѾȷҪԭϰ׼Ҵþ࣬Լ书Ҫг
ϵؼ˿Լһ˯ĶӣʦʲôҪת
˵ͷָָ׵˵ʦ˵׵պΪŵϰ书ϰˣָһԼھɽӣ
⻰һڳԷʱҶ˵׵Լŵˣ⵹е쳣ԾΪɽҪڵĵͨĻɫ뵽Ȼ㾫书ԼЩʦϰ׵ͷǲøˡ
ھҵҲǿǿʳ磬ʦ书ͷɱԭͷԼȡ֮
Լ书ѹˣЩʦõɽɵĽ̵ҲܶʱڳԼʱ䳤˵ĻԼĶҲѾʱ͸ˡϾھֵҲһЩɽɵŵӣλϿԶԶԼĶӵġ
û뵽ҶľȻ׼ó书ڣҶؼĻỳɽǲҪûɽھ֡
ȴֻɢҶ˼ôβὫ书͵ϵġ
˼ţֵ׻ڹȴǲܴ˵ģʦ˵ؼݼ˾ͻȻɺʦ
ڹɽڲȻɽѾվһߣչ鲻ɽӣŵӶ㣬ܵõڹҲҶΪ˰ԼھŽ߸ɽھֵ쵼
ΪֻҪϰ˻ڹ廢ŵ֮ҶЩǺڶʱڳɽҶĵָҲһϾΪǰأЩ书ٶҲЩֻôǳܱġ
֮⣬ҶҲʾԼɵʵһڹװ׵дŻ֣ôٱҲⲻɽŵķǿ϶иӸ书ϰ
ͨЩ͸ӶɽɿأͬʱҲʲô߰˼οĶѾɽɵϯӣһΪھֻΪĶӣֻԶɽվһˡ
˵ͷԼ˵˾䣺Ϊˣ˵귭дڹĲӣϸУһҹ˯ҲҪڹ¡
ҺûڹھҲǺѣлˣûѵĸһȻˮɺֻ˰ҹͼǵǲͣ˹Ϥڹй·ߡ
ʱѾ°ҹֻԼӾȻҲԼһ޶һȣȹƬԼۣʱʵʲҲ׹𣿡
˵ͷɽգʦ֪ѧ֮ѾУֱӴ׻ڹ˵ȴûպУ
ԼӵĻһ϶ԼƲ⣬е̾ͬʱҲеģԼӲôͿʼڹ㲻֪ҪԼ˶٣պɾǲ˵Ҫһλкŵ֣
ǵԼʱŬ壬ڹǺȫȻ֪Լ߽õǻ֮ⱲҲԵĶ
ȵԼѾ걼ʮ֮ʱŵõһڹϰ֮ѾǻԵˣԼȴѾʼԼҪϼգĵȷԶԼڴ
ڶգЦݵҶĵ˵˱ԼھֵɽҶԼãȵ֮ʱʮʦɽš
Ҷȴֻ˵ȵ֮ʱһŰݷãʱ˵
ͷӦǣֻҶĽЩʱҪ̵յԼԼʦܡΪǲͨ书Ҫͷ̵ȴ֪Ҷ߶ţҲûطס
ɽȻæŽָķᣬסĵط޽Ƿܹ鲻һһϦ飬οҶĶԷỹҪҪͨҪůɽȺ˸Ǻ
й˽µϸ˸ʮ귿ӣ⻹ͷһôϡŹҪĹ
ֻǰЩô𣿲ɣ׬۾ʵɻɣһĪ˵ˣĶһ׬˳
һ仰౧Թ˱죬Ȼ鷳˵㣬ǹǮ㣬ûԸôõ׬ǮᣬЩҲ˵䣬ûʲôõľٶ
ؼǣɽʳɲҶĸǰŵķ˲ܹˮҲ㣬һ٣绹⣬Ӿ͸ûԸȺûˣһȻڻͣȴɽɵɽפҲĳ״ԭտյӡ
ʱҶĸЩǷ˼ǻؼԲ˼˲һȥ˹Ǯ֮ЩǸ͸ӵûɽѾȻһ£Щ֪ĴɿѾûʲôˡ
ƫ㳡סȵʩѾϣҸ;޽ڸͬ
ҶѩסҲѾ޽ԭһķݣǱһԺ䣬Ҷסݣֱѩ͵סеĺԺ˼
֮⣬סҲѾ޽Ҳ¹滮ǵԺкܶӣԻ޽һƵʳáֻֻŵӺԷԵеտҶĺһЩ״ʹõһרŸЩСԼרõķ
࣬ɽԭٳĲ԰Ҳٴη£Ҳ˲٣ÿɨ֮ˣｫΪɽɵʳҪԴ֮һҶĺǿأֻ»Ƕ죬԰ȻŪȴûпʼʹá
ôҶĵɽȥ꣬Ѿ˷츲صı仯ҶǣԼڹΪ⼸нһ˺һ󣬰ԻǲɽʲôأϰڹͲᵣĽͣͲǰ
ֲֻ²޸Ҳ޷֤ʵֻͨʱĹ۲֤Լ⹦ڽ˸죬ѾԵУֻҪϤԼƷͺˡ
ͣһ⼸æϰڹƺҪԼѧϰ£ҶҲʣǰͽܣ˼ӦΰԼͽܵ·ߣ˲Եˡ


054 ɽկе
˵һɵĴǲҪķԽģڴͽܵʱһ㶼ǰʦԼ·߶һн
ȻҲһʦ೤ҪΪԼͽѡһʵ·ߣҲʦϤзʽܵ˵ûгѳͳĽ
ҶڵȴЩһû̫о飬ԼΪ߹ŬУû̫ʱȥ˼ΪԼһ书һϵͳڲͣ׷ߵĹӶƴΪĽ׶Σʲôĵһ粢ǸϿס޷ǰʱȽϺʡ
ΪɵķչȴòͽǿɵǰһԼˡӦν̵Լͽܣ
ǰԼĹȥ̵ÿ¶ڴٻӣϣܹõõ书ȻѡʺԼġ
Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ԼԺ󾿾ʲôʲôչ͸֪ԼԺ·ǲʺǰͽܡ
һְ취ȸͽܴϼ̵ĻȻԼٻؼѡԼΪʺǵ书ȻȡʽĽʽһЩͨʽ̵ܹ֮֮⣬ĶҪвԺ󾿾ܴﵽʲôȫ֡
ĺôп֮ɽٴջһǿսȻȱҲԣջһĿƺһЩ
ٰҶľѡڶַʽΪٻһ׺书ؼƮѩƣ
ܻҲƯ֣ƷǶüɵľѧ֮һҶļ°ҲŸѾͷ֪ʲôôһ׹ĪˣҪҽɽկеף
뵽˴һѾͷѧüɾѧȻ󻹻ƫƫȴԼʦҶĻһǸϲá
ĲЩԼ
ȻñʦԼԼǸãҶľһ㲻ˬǾһɽկһȤ飬͸Լͽܶ˷չķ򡪡һԶü书Ϊ׼
Ѷ±㽫ƮѩƵһЩԼҲһƷڹΪĶҪ߼Ҳ޷ʹóӦҲͲˣֻڼϰڹͬʱһЩȭŹһЩƮѩƵһһ֮㼸֮󣬵ڹΪһɾͣƮѩҲպѧꡣ
ȵʱԼֱӦûи书ˣҲԺûпɽ̵ġ
ԼϯҲ˻ҶľСԼһҴĵϰĻŵһҲν
֮ЩҶڵõһȫ潣ؼԼҲպϰ꣬ǡкʵĽɽ̣ͬʱҲԼȫķԺķչ·߹ƾҪҶµ·ˡ
Ժʲô仯ȫҶԺġԼΪĽչˡ
æһУҶĲѾȥɽ֮ҲоĵŨŨĴ⣬ʱѩӣֵһЩҲ˻Ƕ䣬ͺܶľҲѾһƬԽԽĵӣɽһ֮ˡ
һգҶĴϣԺһὣȫ潣Խ֮Ʒƣ侫Խͨ͸ʹûǰɬһƱʹˮһ㣬ɿȴǰ֣ⲻǺŤģĸо
һƷ꣬ҶĶͷȴ㺹գڹΪҲ൱ֻ㶯ƣۣˬůޱʡ
ѹֽôգÿ궼ôˬҲͲˣ
ڸ̾һ䣬ͼԼʦѩ˻Ǹ깦һװȫ˳ͷҲԼźգڳķ⣬ֻȴûʲô˼ȴЩüͷҲ֪Щʲô
ҶģͻȻ뵽ʲôһֻſʱӲı˻ȥ
ƵӣҶľ֪ԼʦʲôԼ˵Ұ˳ԼȴΪĨŲ졣
ʵʱҶע⵽ЩԼʦÿƺæЩʲôҶΪھ¿ƺ顣
ֻԼʱæŽ̵ͽܣǰʱΪɽھʮɽɽţһЩʱ̵ЩԼԭʮеĻɷԼһЩ򵥵ȭŹڱ֮ĵǻụ̂ҲķһЩû̫⡣
Լʦƺʲô⣬ԼʦöԼɽҲǲ벻ȻԼ̬ȲرãҲ˴֮ʱҪʾϵʱʦûǺܹ˼棬¼⣬Լûʲô飬Ծһ£ܰȻҪһ
ʦʲô˵ô
ϰԵѿӦֻ̾ЩڣѩųĽԥ˺һվ᲻ãſȴ־ʵΪѡ
һԥԥӵҶĿĺϡ棬ΪԼʦƽʱеģһҲѾ˽ӽһ֮ˣƽʱļŤŤӣ
ҶҲŴߴ٣Ȩ羰һѩټ̬
ȻԼΪһ۵ѩԴ˽սһ߶ţԼŬЩҲûʲôͷԼʦһԼʦ֣һҲûʲô
ɻûԼ¾Ŀڣĵһ˭һֱʲôԼļһȻһ仯Ĵ󣬵ҲԲͻȻͱһšĵұ𣿡
ԭЩӣҶʱʱóһ书ԼΪѩҲûҶĵⷬۡҪǣԼʦյľʹɽϣɽĴָյҲǴλѧʲô
ɽɵĵĺܣ֪ûʲôش书ķҶóЩ书˵Լģѩûлɹ
һΪԼҶǿѩԼʦһ׽һ׵Ĵ书ڹķҶֻóףȫķԼһңķѩͶŪ׽ȫ潣Ůһ׵廢ŵѩһԼʦûȻܴҶɽĶ࣬ͻиΪ˹ȥҺɽûʲô书Ϊ֮Ա׺Ū˹ȥ
ǻһȭһƷ̫泤ȭƣѩ֪ƮѩƣǲףɽҲ˿ֲԽһվãѧĴˡ
ԼֵǬһѾʽҶΪɽɰַʵҲǱҶļ仰Լ뵽ġ
ԣϲҶĲѩҲͶԼҲһ书ͷֻŬ£ȴʼպͷΪ԰ƣµһĻ


055 ޵
ԥ˺һѩһҲûʲô˵ģʦ֣н̵ʦõ񣡡
һ˵Լ֮ѩߵҶĵǰȻ˾䣺ʦ֣Դһ书ʲôõĽ𣿡
Դ书Ҷһ㵣ôҲû뵽ѩȻ뷨תһ׹йؼͬʱҲЩѩæЩʲôֻǱɹ˾䣺ôҪԴ书ˣ
ѩɫ任һһڻһףҶ̾Ϊֹ´̾ʲô˼ؼǽһ
ǿѹٴðŤͷ˵뷨ѩҪһûʲô˵ı˵ֻֻһŮԵ֮ʱԵ̫ˣ
Ҷѩ˵ɣЦĶۡŮȻԭҲ㲻Ľʽӳ̶ȲЩѧ϶٣Զǵֻõɽܱȡ
ϸУҲѱֳӢǰܿʵⷬȻϿϸһܶ⡣
οѩڲѧŮһ꣬׽û͸Ȼܾ书áдһ˵˳ԼҲе㲻ףֻǻѳڣʱȴҲˡ
΢죬·˾ư㣬£ɬټŮ̬ԳѩǱ͹˵գҶһ֮Ҳһͻ˾䣺ʦõƯԼЩνĴǲй֮ϾѩûʲôױƷҲûʲôPSPSû취ûлɽòЩŮ֮ѩƺѾϰӣûǸʶ
ֻҶıϾԭָġֻһ˲ͻָ糣ЦŵʦҪԴ书ȻǺõģֻǲ֪ʦҪʲôĹ򣿡
Ǽֻһ˲䣬ѩ˵Ƽ尾ܸоղʦһ˲Ŀֻȴ뵽˱ķ棺ĪҵⷬΪΪԼʤңҶĺܿͿ˵ѩŭ֮µҪ쭣
ѩҶڽת书棬Ҫ֤ԼͷٴռϷ磬ҲԵʲôˣ΢еĵʦʲôýô
Ҷ룬Լ飺ȻҪԴ书ȻҪһЩʦϰŮûϰͨ͸ʱŪ׽ĻûŮãӰԭΪ
ѩ԰˼һ£Լʦ˵ȷʵԼΪ½ףԴһ׽Ӧò¡κεȵжʱŷ֣ԼôʹܻŮ﷢һЩƵĶ
µĽûԼŮԻ౾Ѿоͨ͸ĵطʱΪⷬʩΪӲ
֪ԼΪⷬԽҲµĿܴżŮһ㣬ԽҲһ硣ֻǿżϵĸоô˸е꣬һΪܵӰ졣ʩչʮɵΪʹ߳ɡ
ΪԽԽ꣬ղԼʦƽ״̬£ѩǴҲԼʦ书ϵġ
ҶĵңķԼŮʱʦþһҲûȻҲûʲô취ʲôָ㣬ѩɲ֪ЩҶĴ书ߡȴкܶණһв֮ȥ̵ģҶٲһ鷳
ôˣѩһζûҹҶģҲҶʦʲôˣԽѩ̣ȷһԾ
ԾԾȻ˰ԼʦһѣȻᾡľȥѩҪԴ书ʱҲЩżԴͣתҪЩԴ书ĸ˶ʲô´ĸ񹦣
òƳ˶򡭡Ƕ򡭡
ַֺйֶûˡҶȴԼʦãϾǴ˶šɽţ
ҶĲɫһ˼Ӧν⣬һûѩʦȭŹ򣬱Ͼ˭Ҳ޷֤ʱϣû˳ʦҪԿ٣ȭ϶Щͷ
˵ҶҲԼⷬʵ̫ˣѩȭŹȷǳĺܣһֱڹȭϸûʲôֻŽԽ۹⽥ˣͨȭŵҲʹó
Ҫ˵ȭŹѩһ㶼ͨġȿ֣ͶʤѩڵڹΪʦ㡪ϾͻвṦ
ѩҶⷬȻе㻳ɣȴʦ⻰Ҳ޵Լ²ͨȭţȴûб˼·ΪһֱϰŮ۽絹Ҳ࣬ʹ˴һ·ȭƹƺҲǲܡ
Ȼ˵׼ĹΣܹ˸ϣǣܱԼŽȴŮ·Ҫǿ١
˼ţͻȻҶüƺЩʲô׼ʣȴҶ˵ҵи뷨ֻһֱûȥʵУʦԣ
ѩе棬֪Լʦʲô뷨ʦ˵˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷȻ󻺻ʦȭƶһϰˣиӣʦÿ˼УȭƽԳɣֻⷨΪ鷳ҺʱվãҲ֪òܹɹԲȥԣ
ôһ˵ѩȤˡ룬ԼʦҪǶȴԼɣǲͱԳԼǿȴǹҶǾǲȥԣǲܣ
뵽˴ѩߴҶĸϽǷ˵ҶҲ˵ʵҲûʲôϡģⷨӾץֻȸȻɵСŷɣ֮Ҫֻȸץ
ѩһʧȻⷨӵȷܶƺҲ˶ˡ
ȻǣֻǵһץֻȸˣҪץֻֻʮֻҪһֱץžŰʮһֻ
ҶһһĽ˵˳Ȼֲѩʾֱ˵ץʮһֻȸŹҲǳ߳ˡ
ѩžŰʮһֻȸʱѾеͷƤˣֻǳ߳ΣǳԾҶ˵ѩ֪Źǲˡ
ҶȴֻٵץȸڴҲץʮһֻôŹСˣɽӺдõģռҪȸ˻ʹõСࡣȻյĻǵط͸ˣ
ȵڴҲץסȸ֮󣬾ͿԵҪžŰʮһֻȸһֻܲˣȸʼձƷھһƬռ֮ڣ׹ˣҶ˵Ҳȥѩ𾪵ӣ׹򼴳ɣƷһɣʩչ޵һ㣬ʦãŮ棡ʦ⣬˷ԣ


056 
ԡѩҶ˵ֻѵʽкܶ
ԣҶĿ϶ĵ˵ͷΪﻹҪβ˵ȸǰץȸСǶṦ֮ЩҪ
ҲҶ֪׷޵ƵȷʱҲҿ϶ѩһɹԭ
ڸѩὨʱԼС˵ʱ򣬺ܶ书ᵽķЩ书һǿĸ书ҲҶʶԼ˽ָΪһԽߵơ
ֻȷЩһܳɹ޵˵һ׼Ʒĸ书˵ṦҲã˵ƷҲûһɣȭƹԼṦֻһΡ
ǣԭȻǰ׷ɵ޵ƣɵʱСŮվԱһһָųɹġ
֪ץСŮָȭõҪ㣬ṦûлСŮȽ֮ʲô⣬СŮܸ鷳ȸҲΪСŮ׾Ըʲô⡣
Ҫ书ʱҰ޵ƣСŮԻ֤ȸΪҰӵ
ڡʲôûУ
û˻ѩץȸҲû˻в׵ʱȥָһЩҪ㣬ûվһԸ֤˳С
˵ҶֻǸһǰ;ȫĵ·߹·ȴҪѩԼ
򵥵Ľһѩٵ⣬Ҷ˵ʦʲҲ֮ɾͣ书صҲϡ棡
һܹʵε书صľԲ֣ԭǰʲˣֻܹһ͵һָҲ˽ʱɡ⻹СŮԻָ¡
ѩܹ书ôʵԻԾΣôʱڹҲͣͲǰԼҲܻ֮ٴνʵµĸ߶ȣʱɽɵʵҪ˶ҪԾˣ⻹ûǸ֪ﵽʲô߶ȵ͡
˵һҶ˵ʦǶ֮ͷȥʦܣҶĸĽˣѩ᲻ȥ书ܲɣЩ⡣
ѩ׷һ䣺ʦ˵׹ǷѾȡ̸֣ôãѾ侲ѩѾղǰ㣬ʱѾʶԼⷬǴԼʦ˺ôҶֻǸôһֹʽ
׹ܹҶģҲûΪ书ԼɵĻԼģҲԾûʸ书
Ҷһ㶣뻹ǽԭ˳书ʹ޵һ㽫ڵУƷܲϣ䣬ת磬ƷδС书޵ưɣ
޵ƣ
ҶĻԭֵȷ֮⣬оһʵ̫鷳ˣ׼Լһԭ˵¶ţɴʹԭʡ£
ѩʼ˼޵ƣ˵˼ôȥץȸҶڻط֮Ҳʼ˼ԼǲҲӦŪṦʲôˣ
ȻԼ书ɽؽѾ൱ţXĴˣǽôԼҲ֪Լ书ڽҲոԼ˶ǣԺǴ򲻹ѵӵûУ
ֻҶƵǣԼĽָʼûиһٻʱٻľȻһ
żýʱһżȴһһģ
ŵĺɽҶҲ֪ԼʲôáЩӣ׺ɽԼãԼϰȫ潣ɽҪҲҪһʱ䡣
ǡɵǣҶٻ׽ûãԼڹĲ˵ҵԼʦ˵ʦ֣Ծڹ൱ǲǸһȭƽ֮ˣ
Ҷĳʱû⣬ֻ˾䣺ѧ𣿡Ͼ͵˵ѧƷֻǵʱҶԼûɣȻҲûԼгɵǿԽˣѧ̸Ҳ޲ɡ
Ҷ룬ԺΪɽɵв书ŵĵҪſԽӴƷ书ҲҪѧͨƲС
Ϊ书˵Σ˵򵥣ȴֵѧϰľ֮ǡôε书УҲÿ壬ΪӽӴѧһ
Ҷ׼Ʒƹ㵽ȫɣͬʱƷҲóΪɽɵ书֮һ
ֻû뵽룬Ȼ˾䣺ʦ֣ʦѧ׽
ҶֵĿ˿ҶģȴһٺٵڨЦ˼£һѪĴ𰸣߽Ĵϲý𣿶ҡĳƺ˧
ɻǴһЩ׷ż˼еĽе̽߸裬硣ÿԽ㽵˻ôڡ
ʲôν֮飬ǴûпǹģĻǣЩұҪǵģ˵˾ȫҶȥһ¡
룬ҶҲû˵ʲôÿжһӻ᲻仯ȫԺľ̬ǶǸ˵ĻԵûȤκϡ
ȻѧҶĸɴͽոٻĺɽ̸ԼҲԳ˽һȫ潣·ȻͬĽ໥ӡ֤¶Լ书ҲǴġ
Խһ£ҶĳԼ⣬ָһͲýҶĲòƻȥĽʼ̵ȵٽͺɽʱѾºˡ
ıҶĺ޵ʦһһȻȥЩӵ飬Ҫѧ˵ҪѧȥԼûнҶְѻֹһ¡
˻ǶԼҲһȫ潣ԭͨĵطһࡣϾȫ潣ΪȫŽĴڣȫ潣ѧ书ȴҲȫҪ书
ȫӳҲʹ׽ԵУ˵һ׼ţͬʱȴĽ
ȫ潣ĸһ壬Ҫʹȫ潣һ˲ʹȫ潣ʹöԵ֮˻ͬʱ⵽˼л־Ҷ֪ȫҲȫܴﵽҶϾ֮ʱһϧ໯壬һΪǿ޷֮ԵУ˽Ϊ⣬ڹΪƺҲδﵽҪ
ΪҶʶԼڹΪ̫ڵǲ⹦ˣֻڹΪȥܶ书̾һΡ
ֻǣڹķһ벻


057 ѹ
ҶЩһֱ˼ԼڹΪٻ䵱ṦݣҲûеرˡ
ڹΪϲȥʼ޷֣
գɽھͻȻɽһżݸԼ书Ϊ
ɽھֵĶ﹫ģһϾܿŶôӣҶҲɽھСϾֻҪƽˣŵһְʱ˭ҲܲСĽ
Ҷְ֮䡭²Ҷְ֮ʲôֻǿҶĵɫʵڲǼʲôѵӦеı飬˵ǳлս鹫µа㻳ɡ
һ뵽ɽɿְｻ񣬹ºҲһ亹ϾְЩܽĶ֪ƽݵؽ磬ְＴֻһֶ棬ҲӵĴڡ
Ψһְƽƽľֻлɽˣµɽɣ³ɽɵǱܴ󣬵ǱʵǱûھ֮ǰǺױһЩӵ˸Ծ󻼵ġ
ҺҶĻָŻԭ֮Ҷϸżֿһһŵ֮ҡҡͷ˵˾䣺صģɽְ֮ûʲô˵ģֻǰЩЩᣬԻͨ˵һ£ɲɱҪĳͻ
ȻȫţҶҲںɽھôҪ飬΢ĵɽ뿪ˡ
ʱҶֿһŵֽһֱվһźŵ˵˾䣺ȥʦ˵Ҫ
˵ͷתҶĵûˣųһ̾һ䣺ְȻˣҲöԸ
ãæɽץȸѩҵһ˻һҶüͷӣ֪д·±ʣʦʲô£Īְ
ԴҶĴԼҲصɽ֮ѩϸϸ˵ְ飬ҲᵽɽǱصĵ˾ǽ֮һְԼҪ췢չ벻ְܽΪǿ׵ĽԼ
ææԼ˵Ҷѯ֪֮ԼʦյְżΪְԼʦǰ飬ǰˡ
ְţһҲһˣ

ҶһھѩһȣΪְԼʵۺԽѣʲôҶǰȥ߽Ҳ֮ĻûְȻĽ
ô£
Ҷʱһֱ˼ְ⣬ϵĴΪְ￴ԼɽɣǶԼʲô˼ԲǰʰԼΪǲȻûʲô֮ҲƵĳǹ԰ľ
ƾţҶľԼԼԼɽְﲻССϺΪ壬˵ΪԼʱԽɽɴԲƾԼڣɽҲûзڽ˳ҲǾһСѾͷûʲôˣֱҶһҲɽɶְĴʴһЩøС
ֻҶʼ벻ͨΪְһãһؼĵطʼ벻׵š
˵ΪʱԽץȥһڲԼν
ƺǱȽͨ˳ĵˣ˼άķɢҶԼһĻлɽɵˡҲְɵǻɽɣĿǰ뻢ɽɳͻ׼뻢ɽ֮Ĺϵ
ԽôԽÿܴܺ󣬿Ļ͵ɽڱﲻһбڻɽɵɣָоҶĺǲˬ
ǵץһЩˣ
ץʲôѩ⣬ȫԼʦ־Ҫʲô
ҶҲûͣ㣬Լµ书Ҫ˵ɽɻûģǶҲû⡣ҪѹȺȴԲ㣬ѹķڷδˣԺҲ鷳
ңŪô󶯾ְ֮Ǳ߿϶עʱɽ뻢ɽʵûʲô̫ĹϵһͻᱻְְܿĴѹ
ʱԼֻô㹦Ƕסְѹȣ뵽̾˿˵˵ȥǹ򲻹ǿᣡĵúúѰ˼Ѱ˼ǿˣ
̧ͷһ䣺ʦõ޵ˣ
Լѩ޵ֹ˼£Ҷĵ֪֪ԼʦµĽʲô̶ˡ
ѩһ㶣ƺûϵҶͻȻ̴ǿСץʮһֻȸˣҪҪȥ
Ҷû뵽Լʦýǲôʱ˵һ׶εҪȰĪżϤһЩȥҲһЩ
ϣѩܹ繮ٻҲԱһĿռȴæҷС
ѩͷûзԼҲھͻطֺ͸ʱһ޶æһæҡ
ȷѩҶĹҪǰٶȣҲѩ޵Ƶʱ˶٣ԼĪҲ书
ꡭ
ҶĹһ£ְǱӦò֮ڶ֣ǹʱû׼ˡοɽǱҪְ﷭ְΪ˱⵽ʱԼɽɳû٣ҲȲԼɡ
ԣѾǹչʱ䣬ٳʱ޷֤Ƿ񻹻⡣
ʱ䡭㹻ˣ
оѹҶ¶׼ЩԼӿڹΪķӡһ¾´ɽʱȥ̰Լһ
ʼɽҰߣǡů𽥽ļɽȻҲǲٵģֻҪץҪķһֽš
ҶץߣȻߵǿķӾòʹǺʹҲòַٽԼֻҪȥõһķȻܽЩΪáȻǴ˷ֻѰ
ͬʱǱٻΨһһṦݷ˳ϸͬʱԼʦúʦһͬϣɽսǿ˱øǿһЩ
ҶԼͱṦͺǲףṦһ¥һѸɵĺɽ˶ս˵ѣĿмܡ
ѩݣںϵ޵ƵУṦ޵һ㣬Ҳӿ٣Ѿ뿪Сʼתսˡ
Ҷģڼϰڹ⣬ʱʱĵɽɺ棬Ҳɽ߷ĵطȥṦ
طɽƶͣѾѰϵڣɽѰҺʵط֮ʱҶĲûɽͷκιãֲṦԲշ
ûȥʲôֻطǶṦľѳҶƺûзôõĵطöܵĵطȥĵ
ԣɽɺĵطʼʱŷ֣طѶȱԼĻҪߣԼҲһ޷


058 ɶƽ
ʱһһĹȥҶĵӹĺҲܹɡ
ÿǼ򵥻һȻһ֮պþǳԷʱ䣬緹ҶĻɽﵽתһȦͺѲԼһٴζ
ɢȥָһ͵Ļȥָһŵӡ
ȺŵԴӰɽ֮һܹѧһжЩŷḻףĻͺϵڱһ֣ôͻᱻ˳ԵһҲԼʣ¡
ңϰڹԼʽÿϰ֮˵룬ȻҶóĶʲôöǶںܶ˵ѾǺ˲õˡ
ʮˣ˲µʱͽҶʼ׼Ļɽɽȭ̫泤ȭ˸ɾͬʱŵɷҲѧᣬʮ˶УԽһڹˡ
ҶĲûв˽ֱӽڹ˳Щŵϰɽŵ˶˺ʵڹķڹѾǲóĶˡ
ͬʱʮڽһ֮˵Ĺﵽ൱ľ磬ͬʱǱźܼʵĵҶĸɴͽ廢ŵڸˣҲʵǿɽھģĻ
ҶͷǣʣµʮȻʵҲû˿죬չڲͣĽȵǵľҲﵽһεʱԼָýЩʲô
ţ
ҶҲûǵʮȻףǻûﵽҶĸеĵĵز
Լ߾ӣøӿŵٶԼѧһеʱҶĸӲΪǶʮʲôϰˡ
Ȼûʲôɽ̵ģôһֱɽϷǳ¶ˣҶĸЩŵӴ󿪷֮ţǿɽˣֻÿһʱҪһΡ
ʮɽھֵѾмʦǼѧ廢ŵġɽ󲢲ȥʮ֪ԼɽӦЩʲôҶ˵ɽߣҲ̫ԶƽݸתһתһЩҲΪ;
ʮŵӾɽҲһõѡǷ׷׽ȥǻĸӣĸΪ˿ɽţҪɽ͵õԼʦֵܻˡɽЩеԼԳУеĽ飬еȥɽھֵʦֵܣҪȥھֻһʱ䡣
ҶĶȻûзԵĵϣЩ˳ȥܹɽɴȻɽھֵʵɽҲı֪ޣҶĶɽһһƱֳ嶯ˡ
Ȼŵӵ̤죬Ҷÿȴûм٣Ͼ״ĵӵȴԼĽ̵
ҲѾʼȫķˣ׵书ķΪκ书Ļ֣ԺЩʲôǻԼĽָЩʲô
ƮѩѾѧ꣬ԺὥԳǽûôѧϰҶҲ䲢廹ûɣȴЩͺãҲûżڡ
ͬڰʦһ¾ѾʼϰȫڹˣͬʱҶҲһڸԼĴӣõȫ潣Ҳû£Լͽһ㶼ûв˽ԼʲôͽʲôʦĿɵǾְĽ
ϣҶÿյȹģ緹꣬ҶõǻȥԼϰͬʱҲҸطԼ书
ڹȻǾԲܷµģҶԴӿʼʶԼڹ粻֮ʼѰҸַߵȲԵģΪַֻҪץ߾Ϳ顣
ǵϢȻ󻹱һЩԽⶾҩҶץһոմӻȡߵ˵ߵСжģò׼ǼҲ֪Լǲһȷѡ
ΪΪƴˣ
һգһţ͵ҩҶĸоһĶ˳ź˶ȻһȵζһģֻţΪҪƽľĸԼڵı仯Ķ棬Ҫڹúõһ
ĽҶϲֱϲߵȷʵЩǲеߵ棬еʱߵûаôٲûҪһĶӡ
˰£ҶĲòߵַʵеòʧΪӵʱҲʵȵߵĲοеߵЧû
ҶʱʱķÿܵҪ
һӵƸУͷһεһ֮Ҷշȷ̫ķÿߵʱĵԼж¡
һʧܣҶĵĵڶ׷ӶɽʱƵĶѾרɽǰ޴Ľ壬Ҷĺ⡣
жٽ
ʮ߽ǮҶҪⶫʵĵģͻǼ̵ϰ壬ȻҶΪʲôҪŪôһ񣬶һҪԽԽãɹܲţֻҪ˸Ǯհˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷϰ˹Ǯûˣ⡣
ͨܶҲʵܶͣ׳ĽԼȫеҪ˵ǽ˵ǴҶ뵽ľǷؽһؽֻΪϵĹϵؽôأѾܹҶĵҪˡ
ӽʮڵҶ˵ѾһԳܵˣҶľҪյıһжΪܹʹȻҪǿıԼʱ֧ţӵĴﵽڹĿġ
þˣǶ٣ҲĲСʱҲǱǿ࣡
ûҶĴܹƸصǿԼս뷨ԼܹѽӽʮĴһʹȫ潣Ļʹͨʱ۳ֵ׼ȡٶȻƽԶõߡ
һγؽʹȫ潣ʱҶԼһʼϰǽƳȺصȫ潣ѧƮݵĺɽʱĶˡ
ǼȻѾȾģȻ;ϣʵɽûٲ֮ģܵٲȥˡΪǵòС˵ﶼٲĳķӡ
ϧɽںߣȥӭźǸ졭
ҶһҪ뿪ɽܵһأǵѶƵؽε˲֮ͷ֣µȥӭźΨһĽͱһͷ򷭣Ȼ˳ӵ뻳طĸ׵Ļ
ʶЩȻ֪Ҳûʸȥ֮ҶĿʼʵʵĿؽṦʱҲؽϣڴԼṦҲܸһ¥


059 
ҶĵŬûа׷ѣʱƣӦ˿ؽֻҪؽʹȫ潣ɲ׵飬ڵĹֻʹһѾòϢ
ʱҶĻʹ׽ֱ߻̫ȭ΢ָһЩ壬Ȼؽɻᱻֻ̫ȭĺܣؽҲ̫Ӱ죬壬ָƣͻһġ
ҾһѾϰԴ̫ȭķʽָԼڹԵȭѾݽߵָֻ״̬
ʱղûнĽȫ潣˵ΪʹһǰЩȫ潣Уʱµ
ȫ潣ʵһ׺ܴصĽҶǰһֱΪӦԿƵУԺܶʹúܿ죬ȫȻûȫ潣ֺظС
ؽҲ첻ǰܾñŤĵطΪȻһ¥
ͨЩԼͽܽʱûк˵Լ뷨ӵܡ
˽ҶĽؽãȻ˿ȥֻһεİʲô˭Ҳ²
ЩӣͻѩҶıתֻ˭Ҳûпѯʰˡ
ԼСͽʦǱǺ棬΢£ҶֻЦ˵˾䣺ʦСһҲͲ׷ˡ
Ȼһ˾䣺ʦͽǲҲҪ
Ҷе㲻֪룬һ䣺ʱǵڳ壬κκôѹӣԲ˵ġ
ˣҲֻŶһ¾ˡ
ӦͽܣҶļԼÿչޱȵÿǽͽܣʱʱȥǰ̵һʣµļŵӡ
ЩȻѾѧȫɽǼŹ򣬲ҲǻˣҪ˵ͨ͸ǻԶɽϵҲ¿
ֻҶľҲдĽҪԼʱҲЩ˶٣̵ûþͽԼͿˣԸɴԼɽһͻƣҲǺһ׮
ڱʲôģҶĵǲ£һǵ񽭺ʦȽӵĳԼһЩⱳԼļһ︶ѪĴۡ˶ɽھȻֻʵǲߣǶ꾭Ӫ鱨ȴ൱ףһ˲¡
οЩŵҲҲɽɸõѧ֮أֻɵϲŻԸߣ
ȥæҶļûвյȣͷѾĿˣϾ֮һٻõһ̫Ľ֮󣬷ԼΪѾȼǰȻһ˳ĽƾҲѾǵȡ
ڽָƺûΪﵽһҲûж˷ѾٻòϵĹרϵ书ΪΪε书ѾˣЩֻ˲ʹһνָ
£ҶҲͨԼؽõľˣʹĸоԼԼȣ׼ȷԶȫ潣еһķҲѾǿܹʹ˳
ֻֻܻ壬嵹ǿһżɼˣҲüǰֻǿһҶ˷ܲѡ
Ϊ֤ԼȷģȷǿڶʱԼʵĿз
˷֮£Ҷؽ˱ֱͳԼסԺӡ
ԺﲢûˣѩյץȸʱǱԼһƣȴûץֻṦĽڹΪȵ߾ҲûǰǱˡ
ѾܹڴץʮֻȸҲڶʱѩܹɴһ׶εӶʼսڻ书׶ˡ
ҶĶѩĽǳԾϸϸһҲͲΪˣʱȻСŮָԼҲʹˡǵʱûѩ
ʱֻѧ˸󡹦һЩŷһתľ澭֮־ȫھûо幦ʽ
Ĺʱ˵û̫ѧʲôṦȭöǱ޵Ʊѧġ
ѩȻ书ߣǻȴҪʱι̵Ķ࣬οһңӣͬʱͬΪĹɵŮҲΪһҲ֡
һ뵽ݣҶԼṦǴɽ£ԴԼǶṦ֮ѩԼͷ֣Ҳʱʱ
һԳṦĲˡ
ѩΪ޵ƣʹ¼ΪóתŲʱԾ˺ܸһΣȴΪھȱԼû˺ʵĽֻܱ֮ȵķʵ
͵ǸɴĺܣֱϣݵľͱṦͲףÿԾӲǱѩĸߣΪʹʱǱҶһѡ
ҶģͲṦο񻹱һԸɴͷ׳ˡɼֻһֱûгԼؽҲ֪Լܹﵽʲôˮƽ
һʱ˷ܣ˰ؽϣ֪ߵɽڴҪԼǸʲôˮƽ
ҿ˿ûڲ࣬ҶʹھֱԾ𣬾Ǳƽʱĸ߳ӽһ
˷ܣҶʹṦľţڿһתҲȻڿһۣһ͹ʯȥ
͹ʯһ̤С˿ҶļϷȥֻ£ҶľѾԼߵĵطҪ߳һء
ȻڶԾΪϢ㣬Զһ¸ߣǻĳɼѾοˣοԾϢδȫԼսߵĵط
̧ۿ˿ԼѾһ࣬Լܼɽһƽ̨Щһֱ浹δȥһ۵˼
ֻҶȻṦվϢޣԾķ֮ϢʣµľȻ࣬ȴѾԼܹԽǵ
ΪʹṦߴʵǣԽԾĸ߶ԽСûһʵ̤ŴȵϢþ֮ʱֻ˳Ƶһ
ҶĿɲôȥˤ׼ȻϢȻѰҺʵ̤ŴԶϾطɽɺ棬᳤ֲˣԺԼṦнҲ١
ֻط֮ʱͻȻǰһ֮Ҷ˼תһĪң
²ԥץסȻڿлһ˫˫һʹһƽ̨֮ϡ
ϵƽ̨֮ϣҶĳһһֻɽ¶ڣǸߵΣҶϲġ
а̾һҶĿʼƽ̨ľɫƽ̨ϹͺͺӲҲûȤĽ
ô󾢾ôһƵط
Թ䣬ͻȻƽ̨ǰһ䴦ƺһС·ҶıԹʱǡÿǾҪˡ


060 ⣡
Ⲣƽ̨ϾȻС·Ҷĺ֪С·ͨδ
ȻѾ˽ӽɽ۷ĵط۷廹вپ룬ԭֻΪֻôһܹЪϢƽ̨ﻹǬ֪С·ǸĿռ䣬·һ
ҶĵиĿռ䣬еʲôرĶôС˵ǻ㽡ҶΪһʱĴѧֻЩǴһºYYģԽ鶼ˣƺŷһǵݡ
ȻѾ˿ٻؼĽָҶľһĹ۲Ѿ򵽣ָܸԼİǺ޵ģʵ棬ָûκΰΨһþԼõǿʹá
Լʲôʱܵõ߼书ķָһŲܣֻܿԼŬܹһδεɡ˵ʵ棬󲿷ֻҪŬ
ɵĿԼŬԼҪòܳΪһ֣
˵ԵģڹΪ˵ȫķȷǲķһĺ书ʲҪҪã
ԭһֱȫڹΪҲ̸ϴɣֻһĸаμ⣬һЩֻһĲࡣңһֱʱڲ׷ϡ
ǰʱʮ꣬ͬʱܺԵǣɲЩYYС˵Ĳ
˵ϵ飨ΪҶĻǽ书ûĵط룩˲ǷǿԼһһ⣬ǸǴͷβںͱˣǷһʮˣС书ģʹ˲ɾ͡
һһܶɺϵ˷ָҲΨһҸľֻǸűڤռ׳ԼĶιˡɼӵǿսҲپʱ䡣
Ĺ⾰ɽɻڷ񣿡
ҶȷԼһδȵʵ֮ɽҲͻΪ̣һлΪְ޴вͺһաһʱͷան
Ҳе˻ҶôеСҲְûɽɵ¡ҪҶ˵ԽɽɷԽΣա
Ϊζɽɸֵñ˼ɣ˼𡣾ְﲻǣҲʲôǿҲɽɡҲǼְҲǳְ
ɽɽ֪Ϥء֮ҶķԼʲô취Ļɽɾʼ±裬ʱˤһʬ޴档
һƽһԼԼ飬ҶĿ粽߳Сղһ۵Сʮխܹһͨϵ·ۣһҶʧ˷ĸо
һҶ߽һ֮أû˸ղխռѹȸУҶľúù˲١
ֻǸǣԼһ̤Լڵһ¶ղһ·Լڹһ㡣
ͬʱһֱ֮θĸоԼԴһҶľýһûô͸ղɽ֮ʱɵƣ۸ҲһɨգȻ˲ﵽ״̬Ҷʮ־ȡ
ֻһ㶣Ҷľʶط˳֮أҲǳ˵Ķ츣أʺڼҹ
ڼҹԴͷԼʳȡ֮⣬оߺڵԪֻܹڱԪٺ٣Ǻܶ࣬Ŀ¾Ͳ书ˡ
֮غԪɲƽĵطܱģֵطڹȻ°빦ֻҪһ꣬Ҳͱ๦Ҫĺá
ҶʱѾ֣ɽҪɽĿĶ࣬ԼͻɽһԣıأֻʱЧȻУǲԣҶҲû̫⡣
ҶʶԼļ񵽱ˣͨǸƽ̨Ψһĵطɽɺ档ͱڣ˻ɷûϵ
Ҳ˵ҶһȦôһ鱦ظȦɽͷֻҪԼܹһڹΪٴһأǰؽЧá
ֻһ뵽ؽҶ漴ǽ̫أԼǱϵĻϵˣϾԼṦϵƽ̨ҲǿһλṦĻԼϲġ
ҲѲҶľ뵽ؽҲ鷳ȥ
ܣҶĸղĳ񣬶̽ĻʱһŷһصɽȣǾڣ·ֱͨʡȾأǸ۵СǲҲѷɳȥȻҲ
ɽҲǰͺͺģֲľǷ۷òޣƳʱһ㣬Ҷе㾪뵽˵죬ЩֲֲʱڸԲŻ
˼ҶռȴԼ֮һˮأˮһҶİв²⣺ĪǴ˴ǸȪ
ֻһ죬һ飬ææ˻Ȼһֺ֧һŪ
ȪȻô䣡
ԭˮЩΪˮðˮΪеˮֱӰҺۼһ𣬿ˮƣϴʱʱȻѾյȲûȥҶĲŻжϡ
ֻˮδЩղһ̽Ҷ⧲Щ֣ǳصļʱڹƳûĺá
˼ΪôһȪ˼ʱҶע⵽ӾȻһֱͨһɽڣɽھȻһڣڵļ϶ľݴڣʲôҶӱߣƲⶴڡ
ҶߣȻǰԶһľƣľο滹ּ
СϷ׷ɱ̶ֻܣ䷢ִ˴˵¼ټıأԣкȪһˮˮرอšȻϰڹߣȪڹڹһǧҲа塣
ִܷ˴ڹѾСɣô˺ȪмǣʱֻϰĪҪˮǺȪˮۼɣ֪òгɴ˳أѾɢǡÿܣȪ͸ǣһмǣ
Ȫһ˳뺮Ȫ෴֮˹ֻţڴ˵üϷһ˿˶˹δ죬֮ãһˡס˹Ϊ죬һҲĪҪ£ʳ֮ã亦
һΪɽȪ
ҪСģ˵ػϷֻԶԶƼһߣÿÿҹڳ֮ԲȥҪõӣҪɱ档
˵ǱСɱĪⳤһҲĪҪŹЩԶ档ֻǵͷ֮кȦıǴ֮
Ϸݣ㲻֪ˣģֻҪǵϷɽıǺȫһ˶ˡ
˾ʣ
ľ֣ҶĵһҿҲ̫˰ɣǱأֱǱⰡ


061 ౦
˵Ǳ⣬һ㶼ţһԴ溮ĺԼһεĺȪȪۡ
һǿĳоǸߡԣ߹ҲǴ֮Ҳ˷ѵҪáѾ֪öһ̲Ųñʲôռ˱ˣҶС˵еޡ
˵ˣǵ书ǸͷǰдͷǺ˴򶷱˴ˣֱ׷ɱӵƫԶƽݵؽ磬ɽġ
ֻû뵽ƫԶ֮ȴȱأܹκԼ˵ĳӱǺ־ܿһʲôԵĹܹĳ˵ˣǡǶ֢ҩ
ѹͷڽ书ͬʱȴҲɽһҪǹӳ졣ֻǿϧǣӻû˾ͷԼѾʱ޶࣬˲Żƴ͹ͷ
ͷҪͰͬʱ֪͹Уϣܹ⴦ԼЩ
౦ֻҪ;ǱޣȻ꣬ɾһʲô¡ֻǰû뵽ͻͻȻ˱Ťʲô˵͹ˣֻܿĲʽķľơ
Ϊνľ׷ֵĵطͷҲе˽Ϊͷ֣书ɺܻΪԼǱ˷֣ǿɾû׼ˡǱ׷ɱĳз֣ǲڰȻԸȥԷһѡ
ֻͷ벻ȻҶĺһӣɽȫȦԼҵ̣ͬʱҲͷԼľϵԡ
ľϵԣҶѨķ˼оԽѨɢĺԽأԼڹ壬Ҳĸоеܲסˡ
ȵߵڣԼѾʼ߶£ڽűߵȪˮɢĺֱֱܹһ㣬ٶһԼ˫Ҫ׶
ʹȫķ֤ѪУҶĿѨȥһʯտյģһԼĪ뾶ҵˮأˮðĺôԶҶҲĸоĵ
ڳԱ߳һ겻һ׵ֲֲι״ҶĴûЩص㣬ֲż̵Ĺӣľ˵ĳˡû뵽ӲֻһţǲóԺҪҪԼʦʦһˣôӣôҲ֡
ֻ֪Ȼһʮȴֻһ죬޷죬һ֮ȫ֮ʳΪﾫӲº֮ǡ
ȻЩڶǲ֪ģΪҶĿǰעһŵľ߸˹ȥߵˮͰϸʱǡΧԼԵĹҲҶһۡ
ҶĵĵƺͻȻһ䣬Լӽȫм䣬ֻƬֻ̾߶ˣͬʱ﷢һŹֵƺھҶĲ׼ٿˡ
Ȼ֪ҶļҲܣˮĺѾ˫ȿû֪ڿ֮Ѿʼ뿪ͬʱΪ˱߱ͻϮת첽뿪ֻˡ
ÿֲļһ
ҶˣΪʲôǸûǰɵʵҪ֮⣬ҲǸöԸģһ;ܿĳ
⣬Ǻصĺôֲȴ˿Ӱһ㣬һҲҶּɵ˱ָһЩ鷳״ԽԽ㣬ֻƵĿһѱȥ
˻صʲŷľλãҶѾѨʱ΢һġ֪ǳۣԲ˵ǹ߻ܷԼľҲ֪Ͳ뿪ǹӰ벽ǹӳ֮ǰҲԼΪѡ
ȱܱڶȥұضҪ취ɱӶӣֻµĹǳˡ
Ǹͷ˵¶ʵͱϵȴҲ׶ǹﶯ־ֻ֪ǿǿҶģһ߽Ѩͻᱻǹﵱ̵
οǶѨĺҪ֪ǿ϶ٱԼһȥжѣ̸ֺಫ
ֻµǲΪѾע⵽ǳǴһƬûа˼컹кһ󣡶ͷǹӵʱѾ֪˶ˣǹû죬Ҳʮ¾ʳõĶ
һ㣬Ҷķǿ϶ĺܣŵرʱ䲻ҲԲţûЩĹӣĸ˵üʮܳԣЩɳԵľ͸ˣ۰ǧģȻôţҲҪϲʱգ
ҶĶ֪Լ֮ǰܲܵȵӳ죬˵ָϵġ
ĿǰҲûпõԴ
űߵĺأĳˮûжѨǱߵĺ䣬ȷʵ붴ԽԶˮ¶ȾԽߡԼµĹӦøոպáֻҪˮﱾԣ֮أһʱҲԼԽȫķɡ
ȻȫķҲûʲô˲õģԺֻܿµڹˣԼͺпٻõؼʱ̸ڹܷøǿսҲвΪܶ߼ķ˾ã͵ľͱѪĻԪԪ׹ĺö
澭߾澭ͲˣڤһĶǶꡣ
֮Ҷڷ֮󣬶ԼԼɽɵٶһأһ㶼ְܴвˡ
ֻҪ´ɱҾͲ£
һ򣬼űƺЩʲôҶѰ˼ųӼȻǵȱΧĹӦҲǴ֮ر߽˲ָ׸ǴССӣ־ժһһ
ֻû뵽ǣӲŸ죬ûüҧڣͻȻǰһһϸ״±Լ۾ͳ˹
Ҷһʵ̫죬Ӧÿһƴද˱ܣҶȻûӦϵĶȴոﶪ˹ӵ˳ƾһģǡǳм䡣
һϣִֻ޹ǣҶһȥȴǴ޻֮ϣδʵ
Ӧͼǳ˳ƾԼֱһȻҶĸоֱһۣžһ飬סԼֱ۵һͷиȦĳֱ֮Ѿû֪
ڹסأͬʱһסͷݺһˤͬʱһ壬ֱһŽͷ˸ϡãۼǲܻˣ
ֻһ֮ҶʲűҧǵطѾںһƬðѪҲǺī֭һ㣬ֱ۸Ƿ·ûһҶķӦ죬ʱס˾ǴʱѾˡ
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Ҷֱֻ۷·ѾԼ˵һ㣬һҲǺ֪е㵣ġ
ѵҾҪ߶֮£
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Ȼ⺮ر£ŬȫķƵҧֱϣϣܹؾƳȥ
ڹ÷ȻǴС˵ѧģֻǵܹһģһڹֻ֮ܽؾ
Ҷ֪ԼڹСɣҪĿھⶾɾδһ˹ֹɢһ˼֮
һѰ˼ĹǡñȥǲĹһӣһʹθڶҶֻԼ³ǱġͬʱҲûоʹ壬ɢ֫ٺж첲ɢ˴ҶķԼֱۺԼԼĻָһ֪
ָֻоԣľֱֱԭ״̬ҶȫĵʹڹԶ״۲ʮϸ΢Ҳע⵽һ㡣
ĪСǡǽⶾ֮
뵽Ǿ޶֮ٲ֮ڱнҩҧԼǾߵĺҶĿûԵĺȦƣ˵ҲЩߵѣô﷢ֽⶾ֮֡
뵽Ҷһ¡
µλãǡþڸղŲժӵĵطҪһ־ժ¼ӡ
ҶҲɣץС֣Ȼֱӵ
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´ˣôɻָղ߶ֲµΪҪȫȫ˶صﺰ˵ĻᶼûСֻҪһѪһУʱҪ
Ƕ¶ˣôеľȣ㲻̽߶ɾҲһֻҪʱܹнķӡ
ҵķҲǷѪҶĽضһֱУֻҪֱĶѪŸɾҲǿԾȻһġֻʲô߶ûУôѪ㶾ѪɾҲΪʧѪ
˵ǣҶþССĹӵȷߣҶʱ֣ĿǣֻҪǹһ̾ͻữһƬȻα֫ٺ߶赲֮ʱͻȫȥ߶Կ
ֻҶķƺʵ΢߶ԿһᣬͻĸɾӶɢ߶ǿԼأû˿ļ
һҶĲͣԼﶪӣͬʱȫڹͣ߶һҪʱһӶ
Ҷ⺮ر߶ˣ˵ǣҲһǱɱߵĵ̣ûðʲôҲҶһ˵Ļ
ǸԸҶĽⶾĹӣʵǺеıΧմӶһС
ʵԺص¶ȣΧֲģֻĵطͬΪѾĺֽСĹľ״ֲӱǺļ壬֮
Ѱ˳ˣҪ뺮ػҪΣգΪֱӽڣɢֱอڹ壬ҲҪ˳ԲСȻԵڹⶫǴ֮
ҲΪⶫԴ󲿷˶к棬ͷûľⶫͬʱҲͻԣΪҹӣҳԶСҲʲôرζɿڵĶ
Ҷƫƫ߶ֺ߱飬ǴҲῴĳŲ뿪ΪǴʶⶫԼ棬ԲŻ㡣
ĺȻһ㣬һ߶ԵƥѰ̾ͻᶾĶڹҲԵֵ־ãֻڹ߲ͨŲ߶˵ǰԵǳ
Ҷ京һСµҪУ̸ƽľ߶⣿ڿС֤˶ûеһʱ乥ԲʧȥǣӶֻġŶɢȫС
СĺҶĵĴԣºǵһʱȫߣѾɢһֶ˸ɾҶķӦȷʱûһֱԼֱ۵С
ɼ֮ҶһʱҲԽɾСĺҲӰ졣Ҷֻо쳣ܣ󲿷ֵط͸ǣƫƫһֱȴѵʱۣƫԽأҶĶԼʵѾˣڵ
ٴ۾ҶȻо쳣ܣףǲôСΨһľݡ
ֻһִ֣̽ȴֻʣӲ֦辣Ҷ˺һȴûӣ²⽹֡
һԭ֪ѾҹֱЩСѾԼ˸ɾҶ¿һĪӣ
Ҫ̾̾Ȼеǰһ󲨹⣬ԼǰǺСںرϣȡԴ˳أԼҪ⺮ӷС᱾ĩ
𶾷ܶôãԣԼһ䣺ģˮ
ֻˮǰվľϵԣ֪ˮǷЩ׼»δ壬Ҫ塣
ҶȫڹסอȻһˮУֻһˮҶľ͸е̹ǵԼ˽Ȼס˾อͱ⺮㿿ˮ˻𶾣Ҳһ
һ뵽ɵҶ뵽ľϹںоȴһ֢ãǸùͷǸɴһغˡ
뵽벽ǵù󳾵ҶСıԼͬʱʣµĺȥѰǻ𶾵Ļ
ʵϸҶˮݵĵЩһȥѰ𶾵ĻˡΪҶ˶ˮУ𶾸ܵ˷ΧҲԭȰ㲻ɴݻ٣ҶܹٶȱƳ⡣
ҶСĲԼ𶾱ɾĵطס𶾲ߣפı緢
ڼˮȷúҶ´ϲ֪ԼˣǶӾ𶾷ܶȻʣһ𶾵ʱһ鷳κԴԴϵĺΪҶĵ̣ǻ𶾻ǱҶıƳ⣬Ȼˮɢ
ɾ߶ҶڳһֻûֱӴӳˮгɱ˹ƲͣתȫķΪųˮУΪѹȫķٶȿľˡ
Ҫǣˮ̹ǣȴҲ̨ʼһ˸صĻΪķת߻ħľأҶϣһ¸߲εΪ硣
һһҹһգȵҶٴ۾ʱ򣬾ȻѾǵڶջƻˣʶԼѾ̫ãҶ̴ӳԾ˳
һû̫ȴֱƽĶҪߣǱڲϢǿȻŨȶԭɱȡǾϲҶ֪ԼøڹΪȻ˱һء


063 Ӳˣ
ڹҶĺ޲õ¾ȭŵԼȻһȻƾڹϵƺݺݵԷһ١
þĿ֮£ݺݵĽȭŵܣصĴȭһֱӽţһͳɽ
Ҷ֪ԼЩ뷨Ѿһ㽺ڴڵĹѾ൱Լȫ潣ȫһе
ֻڲҪӦǸϽصɵУôʱҶż
վڳرڹ·ɣڹ֮ĺô书ΪںܶСҲ˲١ԽԽˮҶĿһЩģԼʱͣҶĺ⡣
ðǽɫǾ͸˧ˣ
һ˿뷨Ҷһ߲ͣ˹һߴԼΧһɲٱЩĶϮˣܵĻ뽫Ķ߶ɱ⡣
ȵҶĽϵ·ɣɫѾȫ˳ֽĶߵʬϣΪǵҲǲĲƷ
ȻڷСĹľһڣֱɵӣͣ֡
֮⣬ڲݴķ˼ߵԼߵʬ壬ҶŻȻΪʲôͻȻԼԼժӵʱŵߣڱԼļһﱩ𹥻˶ðԼļһԳͽ֮⣬ҲڱԼĺӡ
ϧΪԼ֮⣬Ϊһҹ
ҶĿɲý⼸ߵҹʲôãο⻹ԼߵڶɾһıԽ֮Ҷı뾡ĽΣų
ԺʱҪĵģ
ͷֿǸɽʼһ޴вҶĸ޷϶һʲôʱˡ
תٴҵǸСȻصǸƽ̨ҶĻûȥͿԼԼ֮ƺлƶͬʱڹ֮ҶĵټﱾͼΪžԼʦѩʦ˵
Ȼ˵ʲôҶĲ²һҹһûԼϢԵѰҡ뵽ˣҶһοҲµǻǹҵģ
վƽ̨´һʦãʦܣ˵ע˹Ȼѯʣʦ֣İĿȻǾԿվɽҶĵġ
뵽һ㣬Ҷ̻ص棬ɽ棡
һɽڣ֪ҶˣѩҵΪ֪ҶľṦǴй·ڵɽ´ҲҶľȥĵطЩط˲ʮΣһֱҲҶĵӰǺǽ
ҶһֱؽȻԺӵûдϣ˸ż֪ҶĲǲǳʲô⣬Դҹʼ˾һֱɽֻҶĴھ֮УΪ߶˹û
ҶĳҲɣѩҵʦüϡ
Ҷĺɫ̫ƲУʦŪһЩѰɽյ΢һЩҺȥ
˵ͲҶṦƺԼҲ֪ôŪľȻܵɽȥˣƽʱԼʦѩҲɽҲ˽⣬ûȥ
ʦ֣ôȥģ
ٺ٣ϸ˵
ѩתҶĵַʮ㣬ûʲô飬ŷģԼһһҹĽ¾һˬĪǴȥȴ²ˣԲ˰ɣ
ҶεһЦҿ˫빻Զı飬ҶĿ㶪ˡΪѩ˵Ļ࣬ʱҲûȥվ⡣
ԭĹô³çȥĻˤȻڣˤлкܴܵġ
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ְֵ˸ץҶģǸɴ͸ɱҽʬ׵ȥ
ҶģһӼǳ׵ķй˳¾͸Ҷĺһѵ⣬ֻ˵˼ʶԱ߻ۣԼҲõЩ˵ѵԼţס졣
Ҷļѩһɫɫ㲣۽¸е㷢ԭںڵĳҲԵһҰѰԼżϵѰûϢ¡ͬʱҲʶԼɲǹ¼ҹˣϻһɽɣЩΪȷһӦ֮£±ʦýѵǣʦ̫³çˣ
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͵͵ĴյҶĶ˵˾䣺ʦͻȻûӰʦ㶼켱ˣɽ챻˸׳죬ʲҲһʱĪҪ
Ҷĵ˵ͷһ˽΢ЦȻֶһЩԣѩ¶¶ˣûҶ¸߱ˣǵûʲôȥЪϢɣ֮ĪҪ˵
ֶͺѩ˵ҲȥɣҲҪ̸̸˵տԼĸ첲滹ܿҧ˿ԼƳѪʹȾϵһƬѪѪգȻڳˮݵı䵭˲٣ۡ
Ҳע⵽Ҷֱϵ״̾ͱһʦֱֵôˣ
ѩҲһţղΪڼҶ·ɣɫ谵վղĵطûע⵽״
Ҷļ˵ģ˻Լĸ첲ʾû£ûʲôС͵Ϯһ£Ҳ˵˲ٺô˵껹Ǽߵ˳ˣöûԷأϼӼˣ


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ߵΪʳ˶ӣߵҶĵıȵ֮ԼԷ
ԷʱҶĲû˵̫࣬Ϊѩڲסƣʶڲ˵ĺʱԼ˳˷͸ԻطϢˣҶֻ˵˾䣺úϢϸ˵Լʦúʦܡ
صƣҶĿߵԥһºֱӾȥͬʱȫķŴߵɢһһĽ仯ΪԼ
ߵЧҪԼ̹κһߵЧҪǿĶ࣬Ҷֻûڣ·ԼȫֻỴ̄ûԵԼһǸĻ𶾡
һ޿֣оʹСҶĲԼл𶾣ΪԼ˶Ҳȫƾ⼸СŹһʱ̣ȻʱĸϵｫԻ⡣
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˵ߵֻкߵľȴûжأҶĲûܵʲô˺Ͽڣ䤱ȴоһԼڲ·ڽһϴӡ
ȵ»ָǵʱϵѾˮ͸Ϊʱ̫·մˮóѾñһƬҶֻܡ
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Ҫȷͺһƣ͵˻صУϴһˮԡȻڸˬʵĴǰ㡣
»еСҶľԼڹѾ̫࣬ǼСʱĪҪȥˣϾڹòСĽΪһ񣬺൱أѾ൱ĺô֮ԼӦ̫̰
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ûеκƣͣʮ㣬ԼҲûбҪܵȥװģϢһ
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ص£ҶĬһӣԼϴٻ书Ѿһ£Щһֱæٻؼķûǰôڿˡ
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ɵĽҲҲֻһ㣬ŵǡֲ书ȱһײĶ̰塣Ͼֻܲһ廢ŵų档ʵҶĻѰһ׺ʵƷԺûкʵģὥĽҲŸеӡ
һٻԼǵõһҪĽ̫壬ɽЩƣСɽʽ仯ͳйĪѰɱвͬǣ̫ɱǿȫʹߵڹΪߵ
˵һڼҽУʹߵڹΪԽǿɱԽҶĵʱϰһγսʵսϣԼ΢£ⷬӦûʲôˡ
ͬʱһҲǿʹˣȻΪȫѧбȽţXһΣҶҲڸŵĳ̶Ȱˡ
ôһ㣬ԼΪ˺ܴһأһٻʱϵĲٻпܵõһ߼书
οʱҲǡãҶûʲôʲôٻؼֵɵ
뵽ȴãҶĿʼĵԼڵͬʱվһҹڵľǳ֮ͨʱһЩƽʱеľʱҲʱʱҲԷЧ
ǰڵġ·ҶһεٻҲҪ˳ʹĶ֮࣬ͬʱѾޱϤľУܵ׳޵׶һıָգҶĸ̾𣺡ЩֱιȡʱǶôˣ
ΪҶķΪԼƣһ˽ָĲ裬ڵͻ̵ĺˮһԴԴϵıߣֹҲҪϺôһֽŲ
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ԣÿһٻҶĵᱻոһɶֻеһɢҲûָϵڹԴͷҲҺʼղɢҶĲ½һڹΪ
˫ۣҶĸоԼھһα˸һɶһڲƺ׳һ㡣Ҳһ㣬СҶֻԼĴ
˵ǰԼʣµ˿ֻнëСĻڴüëôˡ仯ĿԺԲơ
֪ΪʲôҶڲһ֮ͻȻһָоԼܽڵôԼҲøǿ
Ǻܿ죬עͱϵ˹ȥϾЩһκľȫٻؼʲôĻɫһʧĶⲻһϡ
˵ǣһνָܸӡҲΪһεǳԣָαʾԡĺˬΪҪؼڹķ书ؼ
ԴӾҶķȫķѾԼĲˣ˵ķѾûʲôأΨһľķϵھͻڹΪ
ʱҶޱϣõһ߲ε书ؼԼٶȲ˶ǡڴʱָΪⱾؼ
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Ҷٻõ书Цлɽɵ񹦡
˵ʵ书ԭеıԲ֣ϼС˵񹦵ѧֱBUGڣܹĶǸǣҲţһ̶ȵļһ
ɾֻⱾϼ񹦣һҲûֳֵļֵ
Ҷʵûôͱڱһһʱ
ΪΨһ񹦵С˵Ÿڻûнɵʱͷԭϼ񹦵İ˵书У˵˲С
£书һ˵ϣˣȴԭλŽƵⲿ飬֪Թ


065 ϼ
ȻؼǷԼ뷨ҶһŲܵģԼܹõһʵ书еʮֵ˷ܡ
ϼԭıֲ⣬ֻҶȴؼ⡣
ԭΨһ书ǵʱĻɽţʱĻɽɳ˻һɵͷ⣬ֻпյɽԼΨһһʦá
˵Ҷĳε֪ԼĴʱ򣬻ΪԼԽϾʱ˵ĴȷƣֻҶıҪһЩ
ɱ֮⣬ʦʦʲôҲûи㹻̵ĵӣĪĵõһĽָҶĻΪȥͷۣټļҵ
ͬ汲µ书ؼдʦΪµĺպͷɽɲȱȱ书ȱľֻеӡɽΪҶʱԭɵƽûѡɽ
˵ҪҶĸࡣԵģϵѹҲҶܹġ
ҶֻҪһɼôͿԳΪɽɹһţҶڹͱϲ˼ȡɽɵ״еˣĺҲΪɽǿˡɽɵĻʯһϵе
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Եʱɽɵ컪ɽˣҲʷһᵽĻҲ˵һ仪ɽ޴ΣųɹĻһС
ΪϵԴ˶ΪɽɵĸȻģԼҲûȥ޷ܡ
ԣѹǳ޴ûʧܵɣòķɵķչ档ԭһЩڽгͷĺ𾢣׷ɱֵĶˣǰɽܱߵǿÿζƴȫܳȥȻΪ׬ȡ
ΪɽɻָͬʱʱȻ޵ѹҶĶŵ书Ϊʼ޷ﵽһ̶ȱʾ⡣
ͨһ㣬ϼ޷ֳΪһӦеҲǲܽܵ飬ΪⲢ书У߸޷ȫĵȥ񹦡
ôҶľ𣿱ϾҶٵŻҪ⣬ɸոսһЩǿлֻ£ҶͬҪΪӪɶܱ֤ԼͿԽ㹻ľͶ뵽˵ȥ
ǰһӣҶҲҪһ£˾Ⱥ֮˿Լ̵ܹʱ佫ɹ
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ϱдϼؼĸ֣ҶΪĿ࣬Ҳõƣֻ΢ĻԼ͸һԿݡ
һϼؼ񣬵ݲ٣񹦴ɣÿ㾳Ӧе״̬ϸϸϣҶĴԽԾĿҼԽĺãȴҲ˺һŽⱾᾡꡣ
ҲǶ꣬ûϸ˼ĺ塣
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Ҷ书Ĳ²ûдŲû߲㣬񹦵һ붼û꣡İؼĻôȺҲǲ⡣
ΪҶķ֣ϼؼմ֮ǰҲǲؼʹõʱͲ񹦶ֳƺϼʺϡ
ʱϼˣһԭϼ˵ڹķ˵ڹʹ÷š
ܹһڹһ˾˵֮⣬ϼ߶ھٿصĸ⣬ԭԣжͻϰϼ˽⼸ȥ
ʱС˵ҶԼһЩԾйڵĲ²⡣Ҫ֪ʱˣźҲû൱ӣΪ˳ͷ˵ЦһӦòţôϼӦȷʵ߱
Ҷڿؼ֮ǿ϶ֲ²⣬ϼȷ൱׵ĲھҲȷ֮ͬʱϼҲֻǳЧԡ⼸㿴ϼӦ֮͡
ǹؼһ㣬Ǿϼ񹦻߾澭֮书ǰ㣬֮һΪ߾ϰ֮ʱеıǾ
ϼ߱һ㣬ϼÿʹöҪʹ߷˹֮ʱһص沿ϡ
ע⵽ⲿֽܣҶԭÿʹϼҪһλдȺֻѰ״̬½һУ򰵵ղϼôô
д˿ɼϼʹõʱҪϰⷢǼһһڹԶתƽʱһ˹ȻȻӦ
һϼԵе鷳ˣԭеҲΡҶڷؼʱ֣ϼ𽥸ͬʱҲĴӲƫϰ
ϼһ֮󣬽һΪϼʱľϼѾҪⷢһ̺ľϼ
ͬʱһ֮ʹһʱޣϼȻͣǵأƲɵ
ɴ˿ɼϼһɣͣҺʮ㡣浽ȳ̶ȣǺųɺӵǿľ񹦵ҲᲢۣû񹦶֡
ֻһϼ񹦲ųƵ񹦣֮ǰҲǽϼˡֻԽѶԽҲŴͼ̸߲νԳɹղѡ˷ɡ
˽ϸҶҲ֪Լ֪һУ书ԲȻѶ໹ơ
ϼžڹΪƣΪϼǰǿǶĲٿأ㱾ûǻݸʲôƽ˻ҪΪϰˣҶȴġ
ΪĽָܹٻʹµΪܹܷʹóӦеǾ˵ˡ
ȻҲǲĵģ˺غСֻҪһʱ䣬ʲô񹦶ɣԴҶŲɡԼԼʦõϣԼλŻԵְ
ȻˣԵĸЩɣ


066 
ϼؼպãǰϰЮڳ緹ʱҶĲûкѩԼ˵Լ书ֻ˵˾䣺ҽոеڹͻƣż׼չһʱϰѧ
ѩҲûлɣΪҶġżҲѾֲˣҲ֪Լʦһ쵽С޵֮ʵһǧļԼʦһδȥоѧ뷨
һϣҲòԼʦ֣Ƶĸ̵ĪǶ࿴ڿѧ
Ȼǲ˵ģֻǶԼʦҪµĹҲͲȥʡԼʦ˽⣬ǺԼҲ˽
Ȼⶼѩ뷨ȱѧʶ;͸ӲЩˣֻЦŴȤһ䣺ʦֱּɽɵѧʦһ书ʦ֣֮Ҿʦֱ۴ʦҪˣ
ЩӣѾ˽⵽ɽɵļҵײô걸ѧϵǰԼСϼʦµĹͣҶĵԽĳݡûЩ黰ԣܴѧĶǸҶĸˡ
ĻѩȻķȴԼ޿ɷɽɾʲôɱͻҪĶ࣬Ҷһ׽һ׵书ɽʱͽʱŪһšЩŵһֺǺǵģȻںԼͲɽɵʽӣû뿪ɽɵ뷨
˵ˣΪɽиõ书ѧϰҪԼû㹻书óһ̵Щŵӣ
˵Ѿһ廢ŵɷ罣ԼҲѧһЩҲѧһЩҪ˵̶ȻŮҪ˵ǱŮҲޣһײ׵ĽҶȴںó̵ŵӣҲѰеġ
ҲΪҶִ󷽵ľٶɽɵŵԽĲԸ뿪ɣǵ뷨ʵܼ򵥣ܽôõѧó̵ŵӵɣǵöǿԺǽΪʽӣѧõ书
򵥵뷨ЩŵӶɽɵҳ϶һֱһǳȫˮƽϡ
ѩǲЩģСĳɳԼʶйأǶҶ˵ЩԭһЩͨĶΪ档
԰緹ҶһߺŲһʦʦ˵ǰȥɽڴϰṦȥ淢һȣһ֮أ
Ȥֶֽ㽵Щģʦֿʲô
ҶЩˮǺһ£ѩϷʵʦĪΪǽֱİײ𣿡
͵ЩĲô˵
£ܹǲ鲢࣬¥ƹ˵кܻӭһ˵ĽĸһЩԽΪĹ£նЩлĽ֣Ҳˡ
ǶǺ콲ƭǮƵģʦĪҪ桭
ֻû뵽ԼĻû˵꣬ʦҶȴһ£Ե˵һЩ
һڣѩһ±ҭ˸Ǻ͸۷Ź⣺ʦˣŵرǰ
Ҷҡҡͷֵ˵ͷӦŵرɣ˵ӻͳС˵СǾѰģ̼ǿ
ѩ˿ǲ۵СӣƵⶫʲôã
ֱ˵˾䣺Īǳ˴˹ǿ
ҶĶһ˾䣺ܣ
ԼճСҲ֪˶٣һȴǳԿ𶾣Լ𶾶ԿԼش̼һĥġ
һΪߵߵڲ²Լǰץ߿ץ˺ߵһЩǶʱôҲԵߵֻǵʱûߵӣҲ޷϶
һĪҶĽ͵ȻֱȴƹЧ
ҶԸóȻͨӵЧλ⣬ƾ躮ؾĹӣӦҲкصļֹЧֻˮԶ
ԼʦʦõڹΪ뺮ص߱ʱӵҲǡôҶļڹûдԾ֮ǰҲҪ˵Ϊϲ٣뺮ԺֻҪ׼ֺ˺
ԼõϼؼҪúؿʼǲ취Ļô˶ã˾ͻᱻԼ˦ԶԶġȻӸܺãֻǴɷչȴһõѡ
õԼʼѹһߣ˵ʵӦԼޣܹ֤ɽɵսͬʱɷչӦеĹסֻԼһǿģԺʲô¶ԼԳ۲˵ӰԼչɡ
ǰһӣҶĵõܻҪԥͻȻԼѾҪԥˣΪԼķչ·ѾȷⲿѾ׼ãֻϵʵ
ͺϷҶѾ֪ԼӦȥʲôôԵ㶼ȻأٶȾǴٽ׶Σ˻ͻȻԼ
ĺԽȶ֮⣬ֱӷʳอɳ
ǲ˵Ǿ޶֮ѩѧ֮ҪϤһЩһ⻰ʲô˼Ҷİ޶óʲô˼
Ҷĵ˵ͷ͵ˣʳ֮ʱҪסอȻͻ֣ᷢΪĴ̼ڵΪ˵ֿͣУӶڹΪͬʱΪӰ죬ʹ߲õĻ߻ħ
˵ѩͶˣӵȷǾ޶֮ֻõ÷ȻֱڹΪȴԴ̼ܹӵ˹ı
Ҳסˣ͸ǲͣĶƨɣʦ֣ⶫƽ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷǶһţǵʳʱҪСĽ
ѩüʵʦأȺöȻѵĽֻΪŵҶľȻһƺ׵
Ҳûȥ룬ûǹҶʵ˽˲ܡҲǶ÷һΣ
Ҷѩʣвֱ˵ʦþȥǣǾﻹд˹׼ϰ书ҪȥǾȣʱٸ˲һЩ
ѩȻĵ˵ͷȴ˷ܵʵܺʦһȥ𣿡ǺȥǾȿֻȴҶһ仰˻ֻҪƾṦɽ±ԣ
ʵҶ˽ȥҪȻӾܰקȥˡֻԼз֣Ǻصͱ׼ǡþɽ²


067 ̽
˵𣿡
ʲô
Х۶ʮһȺɽˣǰЩӱ˸ˣ
һǺ£˭֪
ֵ֪˭
˭
ɽɵĸ֣
ɽɣ
Һ˵
ҶľһԣΧ̸ͣ΢΢еӾҲ·ҺȵĽζǰֻ嵭СҲһԵĿ
ɽ£ҶƾźԼߵǿ棬ڽϼǰ沿ɹµڹΪھʹҲղͬնȷһǰǸڴ󺣣ҶĴʱֻƾ赱ʱʱõľͿڴ󺣱¼Ѫ¡
ϼ𵽵Ȼܺԣҹк⣬Ҳھƿشﵽһ൱ĸ߶ȡ
ڴ˴ɽȴΪһ֮¡
µҶıԾǽ֮ʱû˼ȥġЩɽŵһԼ书ͬʱҲҶĴһõϢ
һŵӸ˽ˣʱɽϲҶŽ˼ʹҴҵɽȾ̸۽ǷǵһĻ
˵ŵӣƽһɽţҲϰ廢ŵһˣһɽŵǶġ
Ȼƽݵؽ绹㲻϶֣ѰҲãܹˣǱȽصˣҶʶǬɽҲԼпˣɽ
˽֮Ҷ֪ƽһ˽Σһ·˵Ҳ˲飬ĩ˻ûǱɽţǰɽɴ˲СֳһȺ˵ɽկһɽɱ˸ɢӣΪ˻õ˵شĳ̣ͬʱҲΪԼһЩͷЩ˻˸ϻ굶š
ֻ־֮ʱȴڻɽ·ȴҲ໰ֱӾ˴һš
¹ʮУ׼һһƽؿ֮ϣ˵˾䣺ɽҲˣΪǡתȥգۼûӰһºṦ
˵ǣûɱֻ֣ƽһͻ˺ܣжѡ˳ʱΪ⣬ɵȵɽ֮ʱԽԽأֻһسǾѰ˿ջһɽھʦֵɽԼڿջչˡʱƽƽأƶҲǲˣû͵ɽھ
ҶĵϢ̾ɽ鿴һɫͱ쳣ѿͬʱҲԼϼѾСɣֻԼҵʹȥϼȻûдɣǻҲοЩǿᣬȴ㲻ʲô
˸˳ȥҶϼΪˣֻȻʮ㣬վɣʱõľһЩһĹ⾰ŽǵȥԼҲľ޴۳һȺ
չǽ⣬ͬʱǰӻпøΪϾϼֻǽǵֽñһŵĶɷɢ֮ﲻٺˣʵɲƽڡƽƼúϰЩɢ֮ﻯΪãܽһΪ
ֻЩҪƽѹŻȥ˵ովȻСĵӶҪϰ
æЩҶĴָһȻȥ򵥵ϴ˸óԷԼǵӵȻչˣǲġ
ֻǣȴ͸һӹ죬ǸͻȻð˾ǺηʿΪʲôҪɽ֣˵ЩӽµĳңɼȻǳǾӦ֡
Īְģ
ҶΨһܹ뵽ȽϺĽˣɽŵЩӶ߶ٴһЩͷְľɽӵ֣Ʋɽɵʵ
ˣְҪˣ
ԣԷԼŵӵɽɵм˸ոƽһɽկƽҲǲ׵ˣһЩ΢еʵɵҲӦеλĵӣ˭Ҳ벻˲ɽɵŵӡ
ͨһ㣬ҶЩĿģְʱԽСɽɣôԽзչĻᣬȵɽɶɳ֮󣬱ְҲԺֺˡ
Χ⼸ƺҲܽĿ죬ҶҲ֪ԼЩŵȷһȷѡɽѾɽΧͷԺֻҪסҽ䵽Զĵطôɽɾ߹ģˡ
ֻɽɻһҪԼɽǰ밲µģȴΪµһ¡
޷Щסҡҡļһհɣ
£ʵѩҲ޵ƵҶǼС˴߻ãѩһΪͬʱҲһôʱѩҲڳΪɽõĳֵĶսˣҶĹƣ³ԼܺѾͷֵҲֻǸʦˡ
Ҫ˵ͣȷȱѧʶݣõСȻһŹȫȥһ͵ˣһͻЩúһ˶ɱҶķֵĿ죬ǡץһߣ̾Ͱߵڳ͵ͬʱ˹Щ߰ĺ֮ʦѾһķͷɽˡ
һг䶨Ҳ֪ԼЩС̶ҶıȭʩлͣǸҶҲˣ´ĪҪ³ç˾ǣ
ҲѩЩǱҲδ˼ʦµʱ̽ʦһЩʶ
ѩҲǱһųһ亹æͷǣ
ҲΪһֶڹѩһﵽ½ȵı׼ѩȻ޵ƣȴΪڹΪʼղһ㡣
뵽ԼͳһߵҲÿԼʦãץһѩҲŪһš
Ҫ
ʱѩⶫų⣬·˵˾䣺ʦҪҰɣ̼ѾͷѩһֱӽߵȥȻĹĵĿΪԼ͡
һĻҶһΣôɽɳ׶԰ˣȴ˵ʲôѩߵ󣬱Ͼϼȥˡ
һ鵼ɽɵʵٴһأҶϼͬʱֵõһط㽣Լûָ˶ԽԽԽȤͣרϼҲˣԶ̶µʱСɡȻغͺߵİҲܺԾˡ
⼸·飬˼ɽɽӦŵĵһҶͻȻһϤӰãֻλӡ书׵ǰȴǱԼĵӲŽġ


068 
ˣҶȻһԲģολ˿áվȭкһˣɹĽϵʿͽܵעԼϡ
һջк̧һԭѾһûҶġʱҶȻû٣ΪսҲѾ˺ܴı仯ֻһۣͲɵðһ
ҶţȻǰֻҶĺôһ֮𣬸е绹ҪصģҲǽϵһǱˡ
ͽĪԼԺҶ΢һ㶣ԼҶƺһǰʲô仯Ǿȴп
ҲΪĸˣ
ֻһָۣоҶϴŵĲȥʱǰá
ԴͰɽ֮󣬵ɽɵӵΪƣôǮֱҲŻһֶѡͬʱĲƥ˿Ҳ·ѩҶҲǰһЩ˲֪õľ·
֮˽֮οҶΪһ֮ȻǸڵĴŴ絹һЩҹӺơҶıòҲƽɫʤ
Ϊ磬ʱԷʱ֪˶ע⣬һЩ˻ֻǳˣӵܣҲһЩļһﶯʲôҪҪѰԿлҶİˣ費֪ҶƾڹͽЩ̸֮ڶУкһȴ⼸˷
Ǹж޻أ
ֻͻȻҶĽ⼸˳׶һԣԼ˸ղԼĴ㡣к£ʵôˣ
ʱȫȻûȥʱǸƮݳ֮ˣһ΢ƣ·Ҳ΢еģӲˤڵˣʼհԼظ֮䣬ʱʱԼ£ٲҲƳ״ж⡣
Ϊ׵Ⱦʲô֢뵽һǰͽ߽ü棬ĿܾˣԲŻ㡣
ȻҶһʣϵҼˣһƴظˣԲŻ㣡ϵʿѵĺܣȻʲôף˵Եúɣһ΢Ц
ҶĵȷĺܣʲôܹһִǺ棬ԼողŲְƺĪǴºְйأ
˴Īǡ
Ҷָ£ֻһЦӻִ˾䣺ǣԭʱ˹ʱܣıԣϵʿȴǼˣҲȡˣ
ҶЩ죬类˴˻˵ȡǲ⣬ĪǴ»ʲô飿
ûʣǸСͽԺʦǾǼһվסʲôúûǽյ
ҶԺ㣬Ȼһ꣬ʶ˲٣Ҳûȥǰư֮ˣֻƢƺ㲻Ϻá
Լͽ˵һͺǳϵ£ôƾĲһ˫ƺбĹ˼ңûҲܽһɽƽ㣬ֻǿ˽𣿼˱Ǽˣ˵ٶкã
һǳֱԺĽӲϰ仰ֻܵͷͣţʦѵǣ
ҶҲа˵ǿͨ͸ⷬȻȴʵϵ飬ܶʱɽȭͷӲɲǺ㣬Ҳ˵ʲô
ֻƾǽд붼ùŴˡ˵ģְܷչѵƾǽһ˱Ϊ潵Ļɫʲôԣ
Ҷ絹ûע⵽̸ΪûѹΧļ֮ĶԻ󲿷ͷȻǻɽɵĸ֣̾һλƽݵϻбҪҪȥύһ
ǼҶֵļһϵʿȻǻɽɵĸֺŵóһ亹ż˲ע⣬ҴææĽ˳ȥ
ҺҺãǽС˻ɽɣԺûл·ˣһ£һŶͷϵĺա
ԱһȴƲƲ죺Ժǽ涯֣ʱǼ˵ļˣԱ߼һӣûעǻɽɵĸôƺǿκģ
һᣬһҶкʱ򺰵ĿҶţɴ˿ɼҲһ˵¹˼ҵʲôɣֻƾһݣ㲻⼸ǵ˵ġ
ҺáҺá
⼸ƦԣҶһѾƳԷϵƲᣬҿѾ˼ɵúǺ˽˳ӣ֪һСӣΪҶҲ˵Լѹ硣
ҶķʣҲϵǱϺųƳṫˣ˵˴̾ΪϵΪȻڽ㲻϶Ҳõĳˡ֪ϵһСºܣ
һͽƺʲôɫʮѿСͽԺԼо֮ɫǳŵĲᡣ
Ҷɫ䣬ȴһо۵ף㾰°ǳû߹У򲻻ӣ
Ĳ²⵹ûҶĻûʣͼһԳ֮ɫ˵ϵֻǳʮв㱻ԷһӡȻս֮㵽գҲδȬ˵ŻָָԼղ֮
˵ҶˡϾв²һ£׶һ¡οȻ²ݵĺܲңҲû뵽Ȼҵ̶ֳȡ
ʮв
˵ͷʮв˵ֿ˼·ΪԼʧܼһصıʶ
Ҷĵһǰ˵ƽֵʵԭܴ󣬵ǵʱҲûȻ̶ֳȡ
ôҲƽݵؽյĸ֣ƽᲢ۵Ȼ٣ҲԲࡣһԭ̾ͳɫ־͸ˣڼĲδҲ̫ˣ
𾪼䣬ͻȻüͷͷҲǺˮһƵɫ͸һ˿ĳ죬Եúʹࡣ
Աߵͽһ㾰󣬾֪ʦ˷̷סԼʦΪʹѵˤһԣֻҲˡεˣȴܰʲôæġ
λƽݣΪ˽ʦͻɣų־Σֻû뵽ߵʱҶġ


069 
ʵϣ绹ͽܣû뵽ɽҶģȻ֪ҶĵɽɾسԱߵɽ棬ΪƣʦͽûɽȥܸʲôģҪĻǸϽصɽˡ
ϾУҶȻʵǶԼ˿Ҳûʲô취Ϊ˽⣬ҶһΪȷףǿǵ䣬ɽδĳɾͶ
ڱϾŹȥһ꣬Ҷļ٣ҲǿܰԼ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ֻǣû뵽Ҷһ겻ڼӿ٣һڹΪٶȿƿֲʱԼ˷֮ʱеҶ϶ɹĻµ볣˵
Ҷļʹǳץ˵һ֧ƣԼԣĬϼһ˹ȥѹơ
Լһ͹ȥ͸¶𾪼ͽҲֻܿǼҶһ֣Լʦûʹ֮ɫλҶųְԼʦˣ̱첻ԣͰ͵ĿԼʦҶġ
ҶĲ˵һĬһ̽ڵ״ⲻ鿴֪һ̽飬Ҷ˹Ǻ
ֻϵʿھȻûȴΪһǿͻײѾǧٿ״ٲϽҵھѹȥ˾͵ԼǰһˣҲ书ģصĻһ͵ý⡣
֪ԣҶĵɫҲԽأһ½ͽܸһۼҶйУҲҳ¾Ҷġ
ֻջһǵУһһϵԣ˿ΰһʱֻۣʱԽԽŨһŰգۼɫ
澰ΧĪ棬ֻʶԶ֮о˽Եʱֻĸ˵ӣԲ뻢ɽɵʶ˾㹦һȻﵽ״ľ磬ҵǰˣ
ԱߵҲ𻰣ֻǵͷǣȥҶģҶ״ŨŨɫ·Ҫ۳һ㣬˿ĳ治ֹ
ֻҶû̫ᣬֻһżգֻƬָ̼ԭ״ͬʱҲ˻ﲻ죬ڱĿϢ
ʵҶȷʵڱĿϢղһ˹Ȼʱ䲻ȴķľߣԼһ붼һա
⻹һȫʩչϼû뵽ķѹϼ֮ǰײʹãҲΪϼ̫ԲŽʹõģ
һҵΪ˵ʱȺԳ־ˣʱ£ȺΪΨһһսˣΪͽ˶ʧȥսɽȫҲʲôϡ£
ȻȺΪ˲ܣҶķȺһЩжϵȷй֮ԼƺӦѧϰһӽΪȺȷжϣ͵Ϯʱ㹻ս
о΢ָһЩҶҲʼ˼ϼʵüֵŹֻܵɱʹã׶òã˶Լûǳ׸Ļ
ֻҪϼɱӵǿĳս˵񹦵δֵڴģֻǰ˵㡣书฽ȷֵóƵκƽѹסˣ⹦ĳȷá
˼ţҲǵϢһ˫ۣҲ࣬ȭллҶųȣϵҪˡ

ԻĪԺ㼴ǴҲԼʦոڹŹһˣλҶȣѾڴˡ
վ˺һҲܴʱڿջ֮УĿżˣ̾͹ߵͷлҶȣ
Ҷıһûֹˣ⼸ͷȴ˵ǽ̵ĺͽܣ
ȵվҶĪҪ˵̫磬ڵƽǱѹסȴǻиĿܣ˵⻰ȻԼո˼ҵߵݣ˼ҾߵͷߵĿ˻᲻
ȴΪҶԾͻЩҪԼһȻûκôסһͽܼߵȻ֮
ͽܶˣĪֱӾ˵Ҷ֣ʦʱѾΣӣʱʦҲΪҶűסʦҵлϻػɽȻھʦˣ
⻰˵ҲǵͷͣƺԼͽܺ⣬ҲԵҶŽ֮ϵպҶŵвǲϵǣ⻰˵ľˣټ򵥵˵ɽɾ͵ƽ׶һƽŵĸһǿԻ֣ҶһҲ׳֡
̬ҶİѰ˼һ£ͬʱϸһƣŵʵ˵²ǲκãֻȴ󷽱㣡
һղŲҶĶԼڵжʱѾǳԾˣܹһѹѾҶĵȫʩΪŰ쵽
οʲҶıĿҲαſ϶ҶȻĿ죬ȴҲûڿŵĵز
ֻû뵽СǰˣҶľȻ˵κĪ˲֪ߵغ񣿡ܿͷ뷨ΪʲҶѾ鿴˽⣬Ҳ˵Եˡ
Ķ࣬ͽȴûôӣ̵Ҷųȣκʦ֮ˣҲ֪ԼʦƺأǸղһţǶҿ϶ԼʦܷƽصɽҶΣ̾ͳ󡣱ϾҶľǰʦʵеԶ
ҶĿ˿磬ɻ̾룬Цϰڹж֮ǡκõģֻǱǳķʱգ
ŻȻʲҶϼԼҵϢ֮ʱȷΪѸݣԼͷ۷ǳĵطҶĵھһƽȥڹأǡܿԼǵҵľ
ܽԼѹƲסľᱻҶѹȥǸոҶ֮ȻȴҲûԶԼĵزҶŵĹȷ
ˣͷҶˣ
Ҷ⻰֪ӦԼˣͷﻹЩ£׵ˣ˱һɽţʱƣ
˵ͷٴαȭǱ߶ˣֶԼĪԸһ䣺㲻ΪʦˣȻػɽһˣʦΪʦҪɽסһҪӲܻȥ


070 
Ȼ˵ҪΪˣֻһڿջʱҶֻܼջס£ȷƽƲз˲뿪
ƽҪԤϵĻָĿ࣬ڶŵеٮٮ߾Ѿ۾һۿȻվһԣƽһ̾ҪֻǱҶһƸոռãûаҶĶҪʹͽǿԼĺӸڴ϶áоñŤ
ֲ鿴ƽƺ;״ҶȷӵѾٳַ֮Ѿûд󰭣ЩɽЪϢһ󣬵ȺһЩٻɣһչ㣡
ھ֮أҶҲѾźˣɽھרŽƽȥҶĲҪΪЩ²ġ
⣬ЩɥȴҲ˵һԵףúðգҶû˵̫Ϊ뿴ӵΣǲҲ޲ɡѩ޵ƳɣеһͿҸͽܽҲһ顣
ͣԼǰӵõǱط㽣һɽϸоأ⽣ҪǰĽܹ࣬ɣӴʱæĺܣû̵ͽܣ̵ַŵӵĹҲܲˣȫѩһæš
ת룬ƺԼǸεļһΪΪŵ⼸һֱɽ۾ϼĪ˵̵ŵˣԼ״Ӷûô˼Լֱʦ
˷ȥӦúúָһͽˣ
ƽ֮¼ˣҶıһɽΪ·ʱҪϵʿ壬ٶȲ죬ʱʱҪЪһ󣬱·һſꡣ
ҶŵɽţȻƷǷһϵɽƼǼƵĴţҶһߣʯ·ͿͥԺԼǰԶ̾Ϊֹ
һͬǰԺҲŴͣƺ˵ʲôֻǻַԼûкʵݴʣֻֽǻ˻ȥһűһ䣺ϧʦδܼ
еĶʦ־ѾиϻػɽĪʱ䣬ҶѾ֪繲ͽܣͽܴʱǱлײ뿪ϵʿžʹ˶ͽܺСͽܣǶԼСͽܣĪץæչԼʦܵġ
ĪлȥϵʿаšǶͽܵΪ㹻ԭ;˴λɽͽ书ڸֻû뵽ôһ׮¡ɴԼͽȻȥԼдţԼĴͽܽŲִڸĪȴϵʿΪԼפɽˣԼͽܵΪ
Ժ㣿һиǲģһҲʶʶɡֻϵʿû뵽ɽףɽžҪǻɽɻҪơ
ƹ棬Ǿ޴䳡ʱмŵһϰɷ罣һۿţûע⵽ҶĴ˴Զ߹
ҶֻƳۣʹɷ罣ĵȻʹʮѸݣȴ˼ϣӽʹʱһһԵúǽӲ׽Ȼʹ
°̾һҶҲ֪ŲǵܿģԼյͽܹһѾǾˣָɽǸӶǰԡ
⣬ԺȴԲڿϾɽɵĹһڹȭţϡƽĺܣ㽣ڻɽɣǵŻͬʦ岮ϰģɽһӾȻҲʹܲʦһһ䣺ĪҪƣ˴ɣѹջĿ⣬ֻǿǰٲбӡ
ЩҶûģʵ⡣Ϊɷ罣ԴӱóһͲΪ׽Ҫܣϣ׽ԽԽãΪԽ㣬ɽɵҲᱻ֪
뿴Ժ󽭺ϼ˴ܣһȺ˳õȫɷ罣̸һʲô˶ɽɵɷ罣ף㾫ɽҲضһŵҲѧ˵ȷǷ
һӾͽɽɵŸƹ˳ȥǻΪɽѧ书ȴûʲô·ĽˣȻҶĲָЩʲôţһɷչֻһˣʵҪЩƽĽˣǲֵĻ
ֻҶĲ֪ǰڿջְ˵飬Ϊڴ֮ͥ³̸֣ҲûΧˣ⼸ĹѾɽأƽݷ˳ȥ
ԣɽس˸֣һţһڹΪΪףɽɵˣҪΣ
ԣɽس˸֣ȴ֪ţһΪѾﵽ˺˵زּ䵫ݺᣬɽɵһѾ˱ֻ֮־һһ˱㻯ΪΡ
ԣɽسһֻ֣ʣһǡ鲻һӣֻƣ۶ɢֻ̼䣬˲ƾָһǴΪҪݴΪʦ
ԡ
ЩҥԽԽף˶Ժļ汾ǲмһ˵ģΪԾѾǵĳʶԴЩĶֻһЩͲǽ˵ͨգҲһЩԽøеī͡
ĽˣûʵǾܵƲʵ࣬ȻҲе˸ͲšְֶУԺֵľͺܲмһˣͬʱԼõ鱨óۣ´ֻɽһ£Եúǽ
⣬ˣЩҲ˴жϣԭˣû뵽ôͺˣһΪԶҵԤưԵͷǣȻֿʼоɽɻЩ֡
Щ飬ҶȫȻ֪Դӽʦͽɽ֮ҶÿնʱΪơ
һµѹ£ҶĸоԼϼƺҲڲͣĽÿƣϼ˽ҲԽԽʹ֮ʱҲǰ㣬ҪһʱϢȻʹ
ֻҪһͷ֮䣬ϼʹϼؼԣ㾳磬ϼǰڲֱɹˣԿʼһ׶ˡ
ҶĵϼսҲԽԽᣬѾûʲôӰ죬ú˹ҲѾ谭ҲǿģʱʱҶĳл
ǰҶĺܲ˳۵Ժ㣬ʱҲòĸԸĶҶдлκԼʦ֮


071 ؼ
˵Ժ˶ҶĺǸмֻ˵ʱҶæڸϵԼϼؼɵ鵹Ǻˡ
Ѿû˴󰭣ÿҶֻҪһЩʱһɣǰʱյ˹ˣȻԼ˸ܵڹһʱ뺮طصı
ȻǿȵʹԼϼؼϼڶ̶̵ʱھٴͻƣӶԾѹʵ̫˵㣬ҶӣԼȻһﶼģԼһ
˵һЩ׼궼ʲôҲˣ
Ȼ˴룬ǾȬҲһЩعƣҶĻҪλǰưµһµʱ䣬ȻԲٹˡ
չҶĸоԼڿʼ۳һ˿ϼϼ׶ε󣬴һʼתΪϼһϼһܹؼת䡣
ǰؼԣԭȺҲ׶Σ׶εʱϼʹӵĵӦ֣ͬʱΪʼܹϼھǿȺҲиĹۣ˵׶Σϼ߱սһνҲָ׶ˡ
׶ȴǺʱãҲɹĽ׶ΣΪΨһİ취ƾֲиŬһһᴿڵͨһתΪϼͬʱϼϼеĿȱ
һʱվõĹΪԭڹĹԼϼһЩص㣬תϼһܷѾ飬ܳʱֻһһϣؼϾȷıעţƺϰ׹ļ֮
ҶȴûвȻҲµླйءһǿͣþ߻ħͬʱܴٽٶĺصĴԼΪƷĺߵҶÿΰ֮󶼻ȥץߵȻȶĴڣҶĵڹٶȼֱһһ仯綼һ
ҶŵڹΪǽ٣
ˣÿնҪҶƵҶڹĳ̶˽ÿܸоҶı仯
Ҳûʾԭ򣬱ϾÿɶԼؼ浤ҩضĶôĽػǶġ
Ҷĵڴ˸˵ڹǶأٵǻˣ
ŶǺ棬֪⻰ʲô˼
ҶЦڹϸ仯ƣΪˣÿ춼ȫĵĶŹڹܲⷬȻȫʵҲʵһء
ȷû걾ƵĸϼҶļбҲôͽϼǰڵĲɡ
絹ûлɣֻǸ̾Ҷ֮棺֮Ȼ治УǰЩϵҲʶ˳ĳһƣ˵档һ񹦾ֻԭҶŵ񹦣֪ƽҲû񹦣ֻǲ֪Ҷ񹦻
ҶҲ飬Źϼ񹦣ֻһֻǿţ񹦶ȴǵõģ໽ϼ
ȴֻͬҶ⹦ܵ˵֮񹦵֮
ȴԼһۺȴṫҵĳһƸĽˣǰԵƥĳ𾢸ʹǳƾһҲѹסֺ뵽ȴҶϼ񹦻ȥǰԵ𾢷·èץסСһҶĵϼһҶãɢ
ͬʱϼھЧԼľѾ˸߰˰ˣҶĲټƣֻҪȥǱ޼£һҲȬֻٶȲҶĸĿˡ
湦ǰûοҶʹ֮۷ǳ֮ߣ񹦶ɽɵˡҶܹŹҲʹйء
⵹ˣҶȴûбҪȥԺҶô룬ҲȥһЩ鷳Ҷһ˺ĳôҶȥѰ˼ǲСӵʲôŵرᱦ֮
ٺʦͽҶĵһ¾Լʦѯɵ
ƽѾˣȻ˻ûãѾʼҶİһƽһΪԼ˵Ļʲô˼ǴƽǴŸм۹УԼжϸƶ
Ȼƽı⣬ҶҲͲԼĽ̵ָڻڹһЩǺͨ͸ĵطȻָһЩ廢ŵϵһЩҪ
ҶȻûһ㲻ҪˣЩؼȫٻġͬʱٻؼҲͨؼͬ治ԭؼҪֿھԼҪͼжһЩע⣬ҶԴҲܽԼٻĶɡ
ԣЩٻĶעܼˣԼʦʦܵؼʱһݣֻͨĿھʽûЩ꾡ע⡣
ͬʱЩעҲΪҶ֤ʵЩ书Լ졯õ֤ݣ̵ʱ˵Ȼ
ôһҶȻ廢ŵ΢ûȥ书˽Ⲣ˵١ο书ΪսһЩ书ʽԼصĿָûʲôѵġ
Ҫı䣬Ϊڵʱٻ书ǿҶĻûʲô⣬ԼڹΪﵽһΣϼ񹦶ٻּؼдע⣬ҪԼ书е㲻ʵˡ
Һãѩ޵¸Ҷ㹻㣬ǰʱٻط㽣ʱͲοʽ
ʱֻǶԼ뵽һ׽ʽΣЧΣӦͬʱڹؼطָһȻ·ʱٰקһ书ˣȴԼûоϰԿܶеĵط˽ⲻ̣Լȥ򣬱Լ¶ŵĿܡ
Ȼܻ鷳࣬ҪСһЩĺãϾǽָ̣һǲ׼߱˵ġ
͹ĵĻط㽣ǷԭͬҶĸǲģֻҪԼԣˣԼҲԽȻ·š죬͹ĵɻǻط㽣Ǳʲô
ȻĻ书Ĵ߿ܻ͵֣ҶĲںɽ书ô࣬ȫǸ鷳
书ˣԼƺÿǴŵˣҶĿЩԼڴһȵİУһڷؼеͷۡ


072 Ǵ
ôùؼҶĺͷۣҪյΪᣬֻεһ˵ıȽϴȻѾ˲ٱռ仹ǹá
˴ԽһĿռװôӵҲûӰӣָԭҶĿʼԼƺвСĲ
ϵָĵҪ϶ŵĲյȥôҲǸ˵ͷ㹦ְܲɣϧôڣָǺ޷Ӧ
˴Խ´ƺҲܱռӴԽȻ˸ңһҪԼҪӵ⻹װ
ҶĻȻԼڵһ磬һԴ˼ƺвͨġǰһַʽʱʱĳһοǵԼǴһ紩ԽǱءҲ㹻ľԣԼкܶܵˣ̫ݺ̫顣
ȻֳΪǱⱻ˿²ŻȥôΪһţ˿͸ɵһյ߶߶ʲôŶûˡ
յ£ҶԼϵؼɲЩԭѩﻹһЩԼŪĸҾ֪ѩɹ޵֮ҲԼĵԼһЩҪдɲᵥҲ˵ɽӵе书жӦ书ؼҶĵûн̸κ˵ϼؼ⣬Ķ
ԼߵġԭȲǣЩҲúúõİţˣɽɶСȥؼʸ֮ǲ⡣
ʵҶĲûһֲؾһĽʱŋ񶴻߻ʩˮʲôȨ㡣ֻɽɿûֵװ׸˼ӵ书ؼʲôطûʲô˸͵ؼ
ɮԼػʹҪķʹ˶׵ܵȥ͵书ɵĻɽպգΧȥĺͷҲĴ˼ɡ
֮⣬䵱ʲôɣû˵רŴؼ¥֮ģ˵ڲ֪ȴδŹ
ЩǺȡ֤ģҶѰ˼Щ书ԺӦ÷ںδ
¥ŽȥҶûô˵ֱֻܷԼʦúʦΪյˡ
ҶĵͻȻһطʺϲض
ǾɽкȪڲ֮࣬˸ȥһضľڣ
ܹɳ룬ǺȪɢĸ֣ҲҶĴؼˣȻǰҶԺٻţؼˡֲεĸƺҲмڵ͵˼ҵ񹦣ϾһгҲⲻ˱˱󲿷ָֻܲ
ţôһ룬ȷǸõطֻĴ°ռţֻܵɱᣡһҶµڹΪܲĺĪ˵жߵվһҲ֫ӲľһЩҲûпܡ
뵽Լһȥʱֻڶվ˻ͶжѾڶڶվãߴ۵СۣҲһ־޴Ľˡ
ؽһɽȥһµ⣬ϾٶҲǰ޹ˣ̶̼µʱͽϼ̶ֳȣ飬Ҫһء
ؽãҶһԽǿǿǴƽ̨ؽԼṦڹо⡣
Դϼгɣͽؽ¿ÿյĴϣڹҲϣΪľ֮ʱƾؽԼṦǰЩӻҪһΣѾԿԼṦֱν
ѰСҶƵĴ˹ȥȻԼѾεĵ·طȥֻƬ̣ͿƬҹź⣬ͬʱʱʱˮĳӡ
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ҶıǰľҲһѩǱĵ´ʱѾʪ͸ѩϣ˵ޱĳ˳Ҫǵ±ǰɫȴ򱻳ˮ͸ɫҲڲסˡ
㶵ĿһҶĲòѩʵ̫ˣһа𣬲ͣͻϼǿѹȥǵҪ
ҶģѩķӦҪӼҡ㶵ĿԼʦ֣Ϊ뿪˺أһڹҲ΢ŻһЩһ󺮷紵ʪ͸һ£ʶԼǶôġţ
ȻҪҶۣǾԲʵģҲĴʻ棬ǽı¿㣬˫޳ֱ˫Լϸ֫һ㶼ûĸչ˳Ҷ˽⵽ԼʦòúǲףҲ԰Ⱥ
¿͸װЧֵķ˸һ̽便ҶͻȥˡֻѾ֪˶ٴˣѾͷѪڣƽʱզûƳأ
ҶΣѩһ󣬵ͷԼĻ£Ȼһ㲼ϣҲʲôûв˶٣תһȻ󽿺ȵôˣʦû𣿻ʲô
ͬʱս°˼˵ʲô
Ҷգգۣĵ㴩һΣ㲻ҿ𣿡ֻȴҽջûʦܡʦ÷ģʦ񲻴ãʲôҲû壡
⻰˵ĺģֻԼû壬ȴû˵ԼûԿΪǱص˼ʲôˡ
ѩǱҲɵϣҶĺϷȻҲ¿޵Ķˡ
ԼⱲˣװ׵ӽҶĿȥԺԼôˣȻǽŮСڣҲûСڵ˿ԼӡǺԼ÷һ鳤ͬʦҲǲеġ
ˮصΪ߶ȵԴ侲һ߿Ű·ȥһ߿ҶģԼʦ־Ȼ֪ܵվԼ⿴ŭûôתȥ
˵ʵѩһҶľʲôҲˣǳˮˣˮǣȻˮ峺ȴƲͷԲҶĻռˣԴһʱ֮仹ûת
ѩȣתֻȴֹһ䣺ձԹԼûͷͿʦóԡòҴԡײŮϴǵĴȻҴĲԡء
һ룬˸ղſǷת˲Ҷľ𣺡ıԼĹŴûʲôĵ֮İɣʦòúƴ
˼룬ԼԺĵʱͻȻѩľǷʲô⡣


073 ׵ŶΣ
һҶһ漴Ͳԣ̾ת
һͷͼѩڵϣԼͬʱһҲҪһԵĲݴȥ
Ҷһ׹ô£ϾҲԹⳤĿͷҲ֪ȾߵѣΪǾߵĴڣҪʱǲܵģÿҲСĽѩ͹ԼҲѹˡ
֮󣬵ײߣùľԲǼЩҶ󲹵ܻᱻƤߵĲٲҡ
һΰ˳ѩΪҵûעԲű͵Ϯ֣ҶĶʮֿ죬̾ǴӻȡһöͭǮϼֱͷ˹ȥ
ϼҶ⾢ɲ֪˶٣ǬһַͭǮѸףֻգ۵Ĺ߾ͱԴѣ̾Ĳ
ֻҶĴʱȴûȥߣ̳嵽ѩ߲鿴ƣԸʹڹסอ۾ͣѲʲô
ܿ죬ҶĴԱߵһݴҵԼҪĶǿԿ߶СΪ˺ܶ࣬ӵЧҶѾ˽⣬ѩһ䣺ҧ麬ĪҪˣ
С̺ȶ⣬þǱס̨һ˼ԣж֮˿˼𶾷Ӷ޷ȷӦԽ
һУҶĿѾԼڻеѩʦôʱһ˫ۿƺ˵ʲôȴ˵ˡ
龰Ҷ¿һ£һá߶ԼԹǵʱԼǡÿһС˵ѾˡѩһοɲԼǻأӦ֮ٻǷӦٶȶҪһ㣬ǶѾɢˡ
ѩԼŲ֧СŴʱѾڣǱҧǴīԼų죬Եú캧ˣ汻ҧ֮ѾϸߣҶֻһ۾Ͳԡ
ķסķΣ˹ƶ
ʱ֪ǲСһЧãѩͻȻ߶µ˵˻ֻܲҶýǸ˵ʲô
ʦ֣ҸղŲųؾͱҧܾ֮ˣкû壬ʱѾʹڹˡֻ˵ЩѩͲټЩѾҶ״жˡ
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Ҫ˵ѩҲþʷҶϼѾͻƲײ飬缸£Ҷϼδɻ߸ɴͻûϰֻĿԼʦ֮ܺ࣬ȻԼǰ档
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Ϊܹ޶ȵı֤ѩȫҶһƴϱԴгɾδùǼ˿ϼСǽֳ˸Сļ˿Ȼ󱣻סѩอȻµһϼתȦĺһԵȥ赲𶾵Ľ
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ʶԼûߵЩɫҲʲôܼ澰΢תһͷͼΪ˹һɫҶǽͷϸð꺹գͬʱԼĺС˫ϲͣıϢҲڻع
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ƽȶѩ˼·ҲʼԾĺƮҶĵĿҲԽԽӡ
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ֻǴȥҶķһ뵽ԼǳͨͼͣƶǡúʣҶĽڶؾۼһ󣬾ʹõ·߸˳ȥڶеʳָ֮ʱǶеȴʼԼֻҶĵʳָһƬڣȾһī֭ƫطԿǹ졣
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ҶĸղĿһУԼָǵƵһҲûд
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οǹɶȻɢǿɻһζǶûȫɢȥ֤ζʲǵɫĶȻѾΪΣɴڿУǱԼָȥġ
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Ҫ˵ҶʲǵһִҶϤĹݵĻǿǿеһָָ
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Ͼɽϵ˶֪СͰɽǽʦһ˺ôһ޸ɽҲɽһã͸顣
Щ˸ȭŵɱɽɽƺе³çˣΪ¸Ͳɽɸɵģ
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ֻһ˲䣬㳡ϾͳһţΪԼԴߵɫʱ쳣ѿ
Ҳ벻ҶľȻֱٶˣֱӾͽǸˡУԴ˶ʱԣ֪Ǵ˴ɽɶһҲ̾ͷ
뵽ҶĸͲƣȻͺ˷Źˡѵ˼ɽһ򾡣ûһͳɽǸžƾʲôԼɹĪСǸ֪ߵغİ׳գ
׼ڻعҶĵҪΣͼɽ߳һԼĪ˫ʮ껪ŮӣһɫȹòһȥֻŮ·ֻǴʱӰ˶ȴһɷȵʦ˵ļǣλܵɽҫһȻôһ֮𣿡
ҶԻͷżԼʦԺֻû뵽ѩȻһȹ˳ֻžװٴִҹŴ·
ʵ֪ѩصеһ֮ͻȻһֱԼ֮߸ЩƯ·ˣҲ֪ʲô뷨Դһǡڴʱ֪ȭŴһǰҲ·ֳ𳤽˳
ҲΪܵļˣͬʱϵҲûкߵ⼸ģһЩѩɫȴ֪ĺӴ̾ϧŮӣȴ˽ţ
ÿЩֻ渹һѩ֪гҪЩ硣
Ҷǵ˾䣺ôܳˣ
˶ˣôܲ
δкã£ЩϺʦԸӦӣҶⷬ˵Ŀνǿ֮һЩĽϽԸ˫Ŀ죬޲̳ȥҶƴһ
ǻûǶ֣ͻȻһҽ֮
ϣˣ
찡ү
䣡䣡ˣ
ŪNENGŪŪŪ㣡

һЩעҶߣ˲Եתͷ𴦿ȥһȴЩͻһ
ԭ˼ɽɽɽŽգſȴֻվͨӣӼľֵĳȥҪӷŵȻ󽫴Ŵ򿪺Լȥ
ЩɽҶȻҲԼԶأǰӼ㹦ٺҲޣϾɽطûʲô֣ɽɼͷʢҲΪЩ˻Լǿ̫ࡣ
οʱԼкö֮ͬˣԷӶѣȺŹҲŹԷˣ
ֻû뵽Щȴߵ壬һʹģΣֻŵʵļһǶԴ򣬼ÿһжܴЩֱУıкЩ˵˵ϡ
ЩµһǷԼϵĳλʹֹмݣˣֱۻСǹ˶䣬˲Ծ˺˼
ʹƽԴձҶϼκƣһ֮ƽûûҹڼΪǴλԵڹȻһҶѾ߿һۣƽʱʱҲ᲻ԾĶչˣһЩָ㣬ԹٶȺǾˣٲȻΪɽŵһˡ
ɽŵЩʦֵҲƽйߵһһЩΪƽܿпܰɽųΪ״ӡ
ʵϣµҶĵʱ䣬ƽѾǽˣҲ»һŵӵš
Ҳ˵ƽĹɽҲϺŵģǰӲɽ˶ԵеĽ飬ʵսҲɽһˣҲš
ƽһһſڵĵҪ΢ѷɫһ㣬֪书ƽһ־ȫԸһѳһ⣬һɷ罣ʹЩֻѰĺӼһͱĽˣһɱȻëʹһ˻ȥ
ֵܱôҲƽȥ˴󲿷ֳˣ©˸޷γв޶ȵķԼڹơֱӳ˳ֵܷƽȴȺ۵ļһ
¶ôһ֮ǰٶ˾ҲûиǰˣȺںʲôֻˣôһһȭҲˣȴûԸǵһϾһıɵ˭Ҳɵ뵱ù
ʱʾں֮ڵˣȻۼôˣǹؼʱЩ𵽵ʵޡ
Ҳǿһ㣬ҶĲŻĽȫ¡ֻҪ΢Գɽɵʵ󲿷˶ɥʧֿ־ƽѾͷڣ鵹ҪԼˡ
ǱɽɵʵɫѾöôѿҶѩϺֱǰ˼ʲңɽĳɽɽΪȻ²ģҵˣ˭ҪʣȫԺҵ̸
ôڴɽɽ£˭ԸⵣҶĵ߼ڳ˵϶ɨһ顣֮˶ܿҶĶӣҺܶ˶ĿתϣƺѯʣʵϾǽζѵȭϡ
Ⱥ쵰
ֻܰһ䣬ȻΣȻ˵ķӦˬҶĵĻǼİɽҲ꣬յǵһμġͲˣҶһʮͷëͷСʲôµģԼеͷŴŹԼ˵ΪڶԷϣҲԼĹҲģΪҶľͱԼǿܶࡪ֪ҶȷʵԼʤһ
˾һս˭˭ֲ䣡
ҶȻҲŲµø룬Ҳϣģ˼뵣ˣ
滹ûþôش𣬾ͼҶľֱ˵ȥȻˣǾͰ죡ȭڴɽɽţô¾֮ľǰҲе׵ȴղײգɴһ˽ɣ
ҶŵǹԵˣԣȻ壬ǶҶ·ҲǲˬԷһ䣬ȴҶĵķ
Եû˲ƲɵģԵҶۿ棺ȭţԵĽ
⵽̣溭ٺҲ̲ȥˣһ䣺СӲ񣬽ұ֪֪ȭŵ
˵գ̤գۼͳ嵽ҶǰһȭͷͱҶȥʹǵ⹦ȭ


078 
Ҷļһȭƺϣ鲻䣬βȴһ̧һֱʹеʽһȭ£Ȼžͻһơ
ҶŷȻѾˣôҶȻҲͲҪٿˣһƽǿʼȴǽƷ֮䣬žһƴ˳ȥʹƵ·һƽһƣֱиճһæҡ
Ҷβ˫ģƻȴ쳣ᣬһƽһƵʹ·Զûͷһ㡣
ԵеһʼһȭҶĵ֮ʱڲͣڵҶĵƣƫƫҶǿƮƮһǴǿ˫ۣҲʼԾˡ
ֻһ֣㳡˾ͼҶƲͣԽԽͣĺҪҶһѵһһˣʱܱҶĵ˫Ƶء
ʱ۹ٲˣҲѾȫ·磬ֻǾȵǣԭųɽһֵȭȻҶĽֺ̾ͱĲͣˣûʲô֮һЩڴһ˴ΪԾ
ˣжԵеܸҶĵ಻ÿÿȭ֮ʱֻᱬǿᾢҶĳ֮ʱƻԻЧֽôغϣѾнп಻
ʵŹ˵ھǳȭżҲΪֻʱΪ⡣
ϸѯŹҶĵĹ̺ĵҲֻ΢һЩҶĵĹԼ࣬ʤ֮ԼḻĶԵо飬ӦܹҶĽֵʱռϷ硣
ɽɺ󣬱ֻһɽɵķͷϾͷ̫ʢǰȭйڣһֱǵĻܻܿɽɸǿơȻĻҲֱɽɷɡ
û뵽ķչǳԼϣԼ²ΪҪȥʱҶľȻĵֱӽⳡ򶷡
ԾǣԼ¼޻֮˽ֵʮУʼһȭԼ֮⣬ʣʱԼȻȫڷصļƵУһ㷴ĻᶼûС
ѹŴ˺һĸֻһƣ·ݣƴһѡһ׼ҶһƣȻһȭȥ
ƴܾҲҪŤתֶӵľ棬ԼȭֻҪҶģҪ˵ˡ
һȭʹ˴ȭΪǿһʽͬʱȫһ֮ϣԵҪ书һ۵
ֻǿϧ˼ûӹҶĵ۾
ҶķԼڹΪսԽһԼһҶ̾һҪ
׼Էȭƣ϶̾һ䡣ҲûһƣǼǰ壬˵ľ˼֣ͬʱƸĵؿڣŲȶԷʲôӦŷջ˫̾Լȥ
ֻžžžžһԼؿһۣѪһӿʹھܵӰ죬ϵȭƲԽһ㡣ΪһȭͷûܴҶģزһ֮󣬼Ǻ޼ģԼӳȥȭͷ棬ԼС⵽Ļ
󣬵ȴԼ֮ϵһ´Լһǡ̷棬¼ֱӽڵһңӳȥȭҲûԭȵƣοΪҶǼĻѾƫ˷Ѿвԡ
⻹꣬ҶƻĹȴûŹԷŴ󿪺޷ĻᣬƲͣ˳渹ȥ
⵽һҵУӦҲ࣬ȵعʱҶĵĹ
ʱ˾Ľ󿪴ϵĴȭʩչҺҶΪһ¼ȴ˰벽ʹһŵ⹦СȭԼһƸ˿ȥ˳һҶؿڡ
ʵһûʹ϶ֻҪһ¹ʹҶ˿ڶҶһ಻Ʒ˷ӦƷǼɵֻȽԷȻӦ֮
κҶĸͲᣬ΢һ˲һǡýһͬʱ϶һ䣬еͻȻøһȭֱӾͱļ˹ȥ
Ҷһȭƶȭƾˣȭδ͸еԼǰһѹ
ֻҶһȭΪ̫ǰΪһ΢һ࣬淴Ӧʱ䣬̾һҶһȭ
ǲſͷҶľȻȭ˳ǰ壬ͬʱ¶ҲžһɨȱԼ·ȥţԼӦ߸Ӧһ㣬̾ͻᱻҶİڵء
ΪȭʲôˣҲɽؽϻȥֻĹȻͣҪƺҲе̫棬ԾֱӴҶ˹ȥҶһȡ
ֻһһֲõԤУܾԼһȦףûʲôӦ͸оԼһͬʱһȻ͸ͬʱ͸оԼʧȥ˿ƵĶ߷ݣڿǰ˺ԶȻһҵӲʯϡ
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ڿоѾͷһʱֱôһ£Ҳ̲סһѪҪǮӿһ֮󻹲꣬Żһڡ
淢ԼһɾͣͻѾʧصͳһ飬ǿľֱľอҲܵ˲
ûüϸ̽һѪ֪Լ൱صˣԼһΪʧģ㲻ֱɥڴҲǲܡ
ֻ벻ףôǿƾѾµҶԼԾ֮˳ƹԼģ벻Ϊʲôһ²ǿᣬͬʱôѲľһģһײ׵ڹķֲУɽƵطôĸ֡
Ҷľʲôͷ
ϧ⻰ѾʲˣԼؿڣѪ˵˻ſڵԵúǱ
ʱҶƶۿŵڵ档˳⣬ղǼ£ͻȻıõǶɽĽУֻΪûгֽʹԲòһЩ仯
һǼȭʵõ̫泤ȭһУʹԾһ赹ûʲôãԼʱʹġ
һƣȫ潣ﵹƵв𣬵ɽһΪơֻɽһạֱֱ̊́ӽִ
Ҷ޽ƾĻôǿҶϼһʱѾϼʵʵĺڡ
СûҪҵϼûܴɣ


079 
浹ڵϣ𾪣֮£˵мأŻ˼ѪľԼΪһѪֹˡ
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ҶĵϼȻûдɣǰһ㣬еġΪڳڹĶûмֻһЩǳĽʽ㿴ȭŵʵȷȲ˵ﶯõ棬˵ŹԼʷȭŵִ£ȻԼܣҲǶһЩǳڹŵġ
ȭŵȭɵ书Ҳޣôܻô׾ڹɵĲࡣ
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ȻųһЩ츳˿ƾ赥⹦ɱУǸ˴ָĽŵӣûڹȴΪսˡҲ䵽ɽƵطӡ
֮ҶһƽѪֹڳе˶£˺Ҷʰ֮ҪʰЩˡ
ʵǲµҲҶļѾãת¶㷲˵Ѿ޻˵ˣλҪµ̸̸𣿡
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޾ԣȭŵ˾ͲȫԼű˴ˣȫ⣬ӳȥʷ޺Źɽִ¾վ˳Ȼ֪ҶţֻҶǸ²˵Ļ
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ʲ֮£ǶŹѣȻҶĲŹȭŵˣôԼ˼ҺôҲԼһΣ̱ȭлֵܳȣҶĳм
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ڣֻϣҶþ͵û£ˣ뵽ҶҲܻĲֱֺӾͿڵлʵޱȵΡ
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֪ʵϸղȭǵ͵ϮҶģָʹģڱҶ֮󣬳˾ҲֻҪҶĻţȭžһͳɽԾҪûֳϾҶĵʵ̫ǿˣǿԼ书ϳҶġ
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뷨һðҲ޷ƣ潥ΪŹĳѣˣôպܿܳһĵˡ뵽ˣŹµĿҲñԱߵ˶оʱŹжôĲ
ŹֻܿЦȴûкڣϾеǹϵĴԭģҲһΣɻ޷˵ѡѣ֪˶ʲôĺ
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ͬʱȭھȻԼ֮ãιҩͬʱǽ䱸ĿƺҶĳûɵǵ䱸š
ҶȴЩ˵ƺ˵ȻϰƺԼǲӣôôʱҪܵӡ
һȶȭų׵߽ˣ
İܱҶĵǿѾ׸ƵĵӾǰ;ҲЩһѾʼɻȻı·ˡھɵҲ֪Ҷĵȭûк³ȥѵ
ֻҶķһȴһ⣬Źһִʷ޿ʵҶŽҲ磬Ҳˣ֪ҶžβſϷҵȥ
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ֻҶһ֪˵ӣЦԵҲʲôֵҪ󣬵ȭζҺɽɵģұζǣ


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ȭִŹȥҶԭȵɣҶĴ˸ˣ鼸˾֪
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һųȭôԼģԼҪôȭţ˼˵Ҫȭţ˼ҵƣвҵ
ҶģĪҪ֪ôôߣʷ޴ʱԽп಻Ϊǡվ֮ǰˣŹǵĲʱ֮У˲ְλߣʱòվ̬ȡ
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ڳҲʷ⻰˵ʵ̫ˣһЩȭкøУҪȭŵҲıԼͷһЩ˻ΪȭûԼеҡ
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ҶҲ֪һ㣬а˼һ£ӻ֣Ȼˣȭ²ҵתɽ£ȨǵǮˣ
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뵽˴֪ԼվСɽɣճͷ֪ԷԼһεġ
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ʱһֱһû˵ϵʿ翪ԵҶ̫³çˣ
ǲ⣬ֻҶĿЦŵ˵ͷȴ̫³çˣͬʱ°װˣڹȷã
ԭҶʹϼ񹦣Ƴ赲ھȾٶȻ˧ţɵѹҶڵΪʵ̫ǿֱӾԼѨϼһЩãְԵҵҶǸˡ
ʵϼǲôʹãҪΪһӽԺô棬ʱڳԼǿѾʮּͣͬʱҲӦϼȻˡ
£ŸոɵҶô̫Σˡ
ϸѩһͣǽʦһŭݣʦçײΪ˳ͷȻΣ֮£
ҶĿЦ£Сֻȴذˣ
ҶһΪȷɽҲɽɣһЩ˼ļһҲϽԼаҶĵĿĵȷﵽˡ
ֻǣȭŵĿȴΪʶֻݻһЩʱա
֮ȭԷˣ


081 
Žһ飬ȭŲžʧԼҵҲɲ˵ȭһӾ⻼С
ˣҪʱָŹ𿪿Ҷ֮ҲһЩŵĲָڲֻʲôڽһʱȭеˣԼȥ򣬿븲ҲԶˡ
Ψһıǲ֪ȭŵĸΣܹǸһסģôȭһʱﾭܺԼɽɾһȭŴӽտʼͽ˳ɽؽᡣ
֮ܶȭڶʱڶҶҪǵĶˣܻعҲҪ൱ʱ䡣
ôҪǵľӦЩ߰ɡһֱغŵӻҶֱӾʣ춼Щˣ𣿡
Ҷļƽû˵һҲʹɷ罣ǸӴճȭ⣬һ˰ʮˣʮɽϸɵĵӻţ⼸ɽһЩˣֽЩ˷ֱɣд󲿷˵һһ˳
Ҷ΢Щȣû뵽ӾȻõļԡɽھʮ֮һɭƽʱҲûʲô֮书ڶʮӵҲˮƽϲ£ͻ
û뵽ɭȻܣֻôһ廹ж˭˸һֻϣƽܹ¼¶ЩɵˣȻ÷ҶԺһһˣȴΪɭһĲܣ˸һû¡
պҪˣҪɲ٣
ʵҶЩ뿪ʱ򣬾һ飡ЩʱܺҶĺкȻʾóʲôôҶҲºȥ鷳ΪǸҲǵõһѵϽ鲢أҶȫԷһ
ϧǣЩûһѡڼȭſ뿪ѡĬȨû¶һ㼱Ҵ뿪
Ҳǲû뵽ǾֻҪԼȺУ˭мǵԼαٸʲôϾЩԼɶССҪɽթһҲӪȥˡ
ʵϣҶĵĴҲˡ
ҪһɽӰ˵ɣʵ̫鷳ˣҶҪܲܳһݵĽϧ󲿷˶ԼһĶֵز֣ĻҶֻܵƻָ֮ȥһһˡ
ԼĴһһҶҲûܻʦͽԼƽɭˣ˽յıҶĺ⣬ƽѾȷᱻ֮⣬ɭΪҲҶĿأҪҪҲһսŵС
ΣɭѾߣǵĿǰɽսܱصһҲ޲ɣҲ޷
νˣϵʿɽҪȫǾ˫ͬϾɽǿˣԺɽ뻢ɽ˺սŻǿܹѹְһɽɽϲȥչ練ҪʼѰ˼ԼѾǶǴˡ
һҪǵȥȭŵвҵȻǷҪȥռ͹
Щ齻ѩȥͬʱǵѩĽ˿ܻûҶͻЩȵĻ
͵ṦãһҲﾡˣ
˵ͷӦǣѯҶĵΣ֪ްҲ˳ȥԼͽܻԼסķЪϢȥˡ
ֻһգۼ䣬ֻʣҶĺѩˣ˴۵С˺һҶ˵˾䣺ʦȥæɣʦԼϢһͺã
տæ𣿡ѩ֪鷳׷ûտʵԷġ
Ҷȴںֻǵ书֮֮Ҳ֪ôصҶεúãëʲô
ѩ˵ͷϾҶĵ׹ǣΪںԼʱĵģʱǿԼ׹ڵж֮Ҷô˵ѩỳɣ˵ͷ׼ȥ
ֻһվһϮȹװҶǰһǰʱȻƼȴûϸʱϾʦƽʱûйӡ
ܡ𣿡ѩŵŵһûû㴩ʱִŮԻȹװٱҶôĿţϲɵһ죬ֻûµڣܾòԾ
ҶҡҡͷƯʦԺҪഩ·㻰ǳģȻѩǰľװһζŮζʮȹװ
ʦֳޣѩҲ֪ôشȻĳһ䣺ҴʲôҪܣתֱܳȥˡ
ԼʦôԼȥҶҲ֪Լ˵ʲôˣղѩһϮ£ɫ΢ӣĳ۵ֱӽ䱧ڻеĳ嶯
ϧԼû룬Ҷֻһʹֻ÷ר˹޸Լľ
һ˹ֱеĺɽҶɫ谵Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˵ƣԼæ˹ˣȻû
ͬʱϰ˷ˣѾһˣǲ֪ʲôʱֱӷġ
ӿ΢һ£ȻдʹѾûд󰭣ֻҪȴСƫƫҺɽоȺءҲвЧؿԴ̼Уӵİָ
룬ȻѾ˲ҶĲ⣬ͰһڡճûڣžͱƿѩһȵĿŶŷҶġ
Ϊû뵽ҶľȻѾˣһͳһѩŴæ˰ɣ˰ٳԡ
ˣҲǺ
Ҷ⻰Ȼ滰ģֻҪһʱͻͱһҶĶȻûŶãôſҲûаȺˡֻ˵㶫ȻΪ˶ûнˮԴʱҲ˲ôˡ
ѩȴֱһȥ㻹飬ĪҪҳԣȥ£ʦԵƬ̣԰ҲҶ˵ֱӶ𷹲Ǳȥˣ
ѩתȥҶȥ㶵ԺǾ᣺飿ҲŲ飡ʵĺܣ
۶ڼ͵Ҷ˵ֱ裬Ȼ֪ԼʦָĸͲǷ棬Ƕѩɺǲ
ֻǵѩȺķ˻ʱҲûµΪԼһȫעȥǰʳ
ȵ˷ѩȴһĵıһѶʦ֣ȭʱЩ˹ɵĲҵԼʲôģ¶ˣ
ЩʲôЩ治ô⣬ȻȭźųɽһҶĿССЩҵҲ޵ĺܰ
ϧѩһʱԼˣҴ


082 ҵ
Щȭеĵɽ´ԼصһׯӵдԼʮĶأ⻹һЩĵأֻЩûʲôãҲ֪ȭŪʲôģ
ʮĶرȭ˾ͽũңÿ֮󶼻ȥӣȭų鵱ճɵ߳ɣµũԼ档ѾչˣҪʮĶصճɻõȵ꣡
Ҷĵ˵ͷʮĶؾһܺõĶԼȥֻȥũɽһ汣ϡɲԼɽǲ԰ʵʵڵĳʳ
ʱʳߣһֱӸ߲£ʮĶʳɽóȥǮԿԴһʾ޴룬ȫɵĻ󡣲ҶûȤȥʳʮĶôɽɿԳԼʳʡ˲ٿ
⣬ȭŻһЩׯļϵЩҶȭȥȭŽЩԺĹˣ˵վȥ˽ǵ˽лн֣
˵ѩüͷЩ᲻᲻ǵĵʵȻԸǣ
ʵѩǻȭŻ᲻ôʹ죿Ͼһ£ܹ첻ֻҪȭǰ΢˵һҲǱȷģЩǮĴͲɽʲôɫ
ҶҲ뵽Щһգ֮˼ƽϣȥܣԸǽֻǾˣԸҲǿֻԼǲԸãͽǰΥԼǮ
ʵϣЩҪɽɵӳڳȥפأҶҲԸ⣬ΪûôӣһֻҪȥɽھڣֻʮܳ
޽ټɣʮӶȥƽʱ߸ͺѿҵ߳Էʱ䣬ҪȻתһһ˶Ҳϡ档
ԣЩĻҶĸͲȫ֣õһͬɽӽֻȫܾΥԼ˾ԲҶģŲԸΥԼʧ
ֻǣЩǮ𣿡ѩΪЩ˻ԸΪȭǳ鷳򵥣ϾԼǺȭǩµģɽЩԼ˵ԷΥԼԷ㲻ǮƺҲûʲô
Ҷ룬˵˾䣺ǲҲǿֻǼ¶Щ˼ңԺٺˣ
ϸ£ЩĲˣҶĵȷû취ȥʲôϾɵ·ӣҶĶڳΪֹСִ߳ħͷ֮ûʲôȤԶԷĲǮҲĵӣҲûа취
ֱܲɱȥ˼Űɣ
һţмʮҪϼҲɽϡ޸ĸƼûй̶Ķ߱Ҷľһǿ֮Զȥˡ
ԣܶʱҪǵĸ࣬ԻԼҪԴһãɽȺһԼЩӵŬȫӰˡ
ҶҲûа취ȺһȵɽɽɽΧѹȥɽЩССɶ˸֮Ще˺϶ţʱԼôڲǶԡ
ؼǣ͵֮ҲŶ֮ΪһЩĳͻһЩСΧеҲǵǶỨǮǿԭ
ҶȫԷһЩ֧ɽɵĵѹЩʶļһ
ԼĴѩ˽£ԼʦҲȥ֮󣬾ͽЩƸûԼŵһԡ
ۣʦ֣ȭžȻɽﻹһҿջѩϵĶǾȣû뵽ȭų˵⣬ôһ롣
ңҿջɽɽھһϵҿջȫȫȭΪ̨ϰ忪ģҿջηչȫȭ˵㣬ֻҪһ죬ջȫϽȭţȻڶ͹ŴҲǱȥ
ջƹСƸģȭÿһʱ䶼ȥ˲ҽûɵУһ㶼ĴִַȥȻջҲеӳפأԷֹǰҡ
ҶĺѩȭȥӪµĲҵģҶȫԲµʵûĻҶҲѡַʽȥӪΪɲĸЩܱߵĲҵΪɶġ
ֻҶҪӿЩҵչͷΪףջܴ⣬ܹһЩϢ
û취ҲĿƼ鷳Ҫõ鱨ֻ˿ڣջ˿ڵеء
ԣҶϣҿջܹܵķչǳΪɽĿջܹܵĽ鱨еԼ¡
һ˲䣬Ҷľʶҿջľ޴ֵ̾;յʣͶ뵽ģ档Ҷģѩעҿջܴ档
ԣȭŴԼÿȥһʣĻ´Ҳ飬һǹ굹ǲóˣ
һᵽЩѩüЦɽɲΪķ÷ѩԼܹһǸеǳĿġ⺢ӣˡ
ֻǣƺô򵥣ȭűܣôΧһЩҵеֿ϶ûü
ͺЩҵĻһջȭŵӹһʱ仹òϢԼȥֵʱ϶һͻ
ȭţϸŽЩԼȴ˴ȥӣҲûİ
˵ʵҶǰû뵽һ㣬һʶȭŴʲô⣺Լˣܲ˳ɽҪõ֣ȭһŲܣ
뵽ǸȭҶһӣͿϲŪֶΣȭҲûʲôֵúµģԼԼˣЩϺˣ
ʵһҶĵԩ棬Ϊһصȭžֱӻ˹ȥֱӽԼȶ͹Ǹ⡣ȻȭŵĸһȴϡƽλִĸҪλôߣȫΪȭŵĹͷʦ
ȭɽϽϴĲֺҵн˲ٵ⡣ͬʱȭѹСɵķչҲλµġ
˵Ҷ֮ǰȭŵķչǰսŵ·Ȳǰɽȫɽƽˮ׼ߵĴڣȭû׼ܳΪɽһɣȻҲΪȭŵĹѫ
ϧǣȭŬЩ꣬ȫҶ˼£֮µĽҲһЩСǼ
ȻЩҶԵеЦ뷨ȴܼ򵥣ӮˣҲҪһ
Ҷһ£ûܴ죺ջͽʦܴȥ֣ӣ˭ͺݺݵᣡ


083 Ű
ļգɽȫæһţڵ֪ľڶʹɽȥȭɽڵĲҵ
ҪľǼҿջʹĿ꣬ҶɽǰҪǾǲ˭ңֻҪݺݵͿˣ
ֻҪν
Ͼسе鲻̫֣Ȼ콭Ķ֮ͽܵÿǵٸ̬ȡҶҪɽؽɣͲò뵱عү֮Ĺϵ
ֱ͢Ӹ۵аɵñӣȻȫͨ棬ڼһЩҥʲôģҶĵߵĶƲ𣬻̸ʲôɷ
˵⣬ҶĵǸͲüȰĿƣÿջϰֱɽ̸̸ΪҶľջ˼ջƽݸسȥ⣬Ҳǲһ鱨硣
Ŷ֮⣬˴ɽµϾɵŹ棡
ƺû뵽ԼҪɽȥˣλʦֻԼలһЩ
ҶĽ͵ɾ࣬ҲϤҪƶصҲû꣬ɴɣ
͵˵ͷǲ׼ƴǣƶһɵŹ棬ǶҫֻɽǰûŹ
͵ʣҶֱЦŴǰֻʦԼʦˣҲôãԷأֻҪʦͿˣֻԽԽǿʢܻܲǰǰ㣡Ͼ׻˵ĺã޹زɷԲ
˽⵽ͽӦͬʱѯҶǷʲôҪ
׼ʦ棬׼ʦţ׼Ϊ񣡡
ҶƺûʲôˣʱΪ׼ɣ
ˣ
˽ҶĵһЩҪʹɭһƵɽ;ɽ֮תһȦҲе񣬴ɭȰЩɽϵҵϼҸԺ˵ʱ·ĲŲ
ȵɽµʱͻ⿴Լĸʹ˻ʯŵɽ⡣
ɿ˵شˣϾܹڴɽͬһǵرȽǿƵɡ绪ɽɽüΪԲŲԵ¡ȫ̡
˵ʱӲδ廰ǱƺǽɽɵͷЩҲԼй⣬·Ծ˼֡
ͬʱѩƽǰɽڵǿפأطȭŶȥֻ֮صԭ˵УѩԺн˼֮󱯰ķ֣ѾûԼʦİۼ
ȭڵõ֮һһƯ߷ͬʱʣԺҲһ˲ٱıܡ
ƽʱȭŻפ䵱ȭŵĵڶפӪϾɽţɽ˶ҪȭһΪոĵӣԴ˼ʶɽͬʱҲΪԼһգϾطɽĴţס͵ڿס˵ɽĵ·
ط»صɽУҶϣΪɽɽµİ´֮ĴڣԺǰʦѧյҲܹһʱ䱻ɽɽ¡ҶԼɵɱЩʦӦûġ
ЩССû˵ԴɽֱӵļѹҪ˶ԼͻȥҪҶȥ
ҶҪƽȥ֣µĿ顣ĺãҶ׼ֱӽɽµפؽƽֻѩҪǰʶԼʦȥҶû赲ʵҪɽϺúˣҲȥֻѩȥͬǶԼǰסĵطе档
һΪƵط˴˸ˣȥʲôʵ˵ȥ
żԼֲһӶɽˣƼ»Ƚκ˵ɣ
ѩƽȺɽ֮ҶļӿԼ˵Ĳÿһʱ䶼ںصţʱɽﵽߣͬʱָһԼĵӡ
Ϊˣ˵鶼ƣϵʿʾ⣬ͬʱѾָĲ࣬ʣǵ⼴ҶĲȥæҲƾԼһ
ҶĻظ֤һָԺΪ˼ˣϾµձ֤κãܰ;ϣ
ɷ򽲵ľһԶţҶĲԸǱ֮ˣȻ᲻ȥ磬ϵʿҶ̬ǸлͬʱҲûƴǡ
СͽԺ㣬ЩһֱɽϵҲʶɽɵǿᣬѾҲûƲ˵̬ԼͽڿʼıԼ뷨еˣԼͽЩ仯ҶҲƳ磬Ժ˵ʱ㳣ᵽҶġ
˵ĶˣԺҲ棬ʵʦҶŵΪΣ
һ£ҶŵΪӦΪʦ󣡡෬˼óĽۣҲεԼ۸к½ۣۡʵѾˣҪ֪һ֮ǰ粻ΪҶǰ;Ϊ˵еٮٮѡ
Ժ㲢ЩʵʦҲھ壬ذ˵УԭԺһУҶĴȫסȻ󽫰һĻʵ̫ˡ
ԺԼʦҲ˲̵ʱգ˵ЩˣԼʦҲûֶΡ
ҶЩһֱԼʦڹˣԺҶĵΪԶԼʦ֮ϡ
Լͽܵ˼ʦܲ²Цһº͵ھʦҲãֻҪȻ󽫰Ϊʦȴģ
ڹãǱɻڹԵңǿԼԦҶǰãδ˵У˼϶ģеҲǲܣ
ʶСͽܿɲԼͽǰվãྭ鶼ܷḻҪǵãպϰûĪҶǰʹãҶϰڹƽ͵·ӣ֮ЧԼһʱºҲܲȡǰ˱Ҳ
ʦɫ̵Ժ̵ͷӦǣаࣺÿһûҲûģҶţҪҿԣ
Ժ˵ûҶǰȷҿԣҶľںص֨žϴĳǴʹ
û뵽ں˹˾ȻƽʱҪʹܣ
ȴΪٶ̼ܺٶȱ죬Ȼ˵ʹҲ֮ҶʵʵָҲ̵ʱָôͱҧֹȥˡ
ôҲûСֻҪȥȵ֮ʱҪԭӼͣ൱ڱΪ
Ϊ;ȻֻŰһ;


084 мջ
ʹŵǹر죬ҶںĴ̹ǵʹʱɽæ˸Ųմأ̵ʱ˴ȭõʲ
ǼʮĶԼĶĻĵôҶֻ˼ȥתһȦʾһǵõԼ͸㶨һСũҶ˭ǵĹûκεĽǹǷҪЩջȥ
Դˣɽûκθıڸոսֵ£ҶҲڳ̫飬ƽȵĽЩʲõѡ
ջ棬͸ȥԺȻ鷳ȥפصȭŵӶǰȥաƲʾ޷ܣͺʹ
ҲǶӡеƲϣΪڷͷɽҲΪΪ书һֲɾ͵ģǺֻҪԼһ֣ͿԽĿ캰عġ
ϧʮа˾ţ󱻴Ŀ캰عĵĲӡеնó˵Լ
͵ֶȤζɭʾǶͶɽɲһ಻СӣȻǿĽΪͬʹɭе쳣ȡ
Ȼ֮ǰɽҲʱʱȥŵӴһЩ书ڵĴһЩڹķû˿˶֣ҵЩʦֵǣҲֻΪλүǼɽ֮ſʼѧϰ书ġֻΪ˼ֱǰɽţʦܣܹѧ书
ڿ˶´ˣɭͶɽ֮ǰôҲϴһʱ䣬ͳ֮¶ĴݣԲѧ꣬û˽ֲֵӵеġ
ôΨһԽ͵ľǣڰɽ֮ǰѾ书µǾȻû֪һ㡣
ɭ뵽аԼźͣȻôûκ˲ɲΪҶĲ֪ͻ书飬ҶҲְ̫ˣһʼ书û书Ӻ׾ܿġ
ЩŵӲ֪ΪƽʱͺٽӴҲǰҶĿԼʦܳϦԣɽɵ๦ҲҶԴڣô͵ȻܼԼ书ʵˡ
ͬʱͽ֮ɭΪֻ̾һ˲һ˲ʮžĽȭ˴һͶֲ˶Էͳֵľȷġ
Ī˵ʮýһ£Ҳұ֤˵Է
ѹŽ칫ǰ
ʱɭԼЩȭŵĵӣڿ칫ЩֶΣͬʱҲͨЩȭŵӵˣɽɿɲֻҶһˣ
ɭµĲɽǰ͵Ҷĵָʾ¾ʾһЩԼֶΣһ־˶סˡ
ҲⷬȭŵƵʱͷǵգǿģȵľǣ
һ־½ɲõĻط㽣ȭŵûӦô£ͼǰһ˸ⱻһ䣬ε˫ۼԼվžĴһľʹ
ǰ⻪ȥֹǰˣ˺ü֮սվЦеĿԼʱǲʶղŷʲô
һӦǾǲܣһȻѸݵĽκ˶޷̾һУɸղŵһжֻǻþ
ϴĻоһжǴһ˲ΡΡһգȴһʹ֮ʶԼղڹŹתһȦΪ͸ղýĴֱýеĻ
뵽̽һͬʱʶǰλӾԲԼǵ֮ġʲôɲƲ֮ġЩĴȥǰɣǸںԼС
ȭŵĶӣһͷͺǵ⣬ʾ㹻֮󣬽ĽӹҲе൱˳˵ǣȭŵȷûüջһʱȡߣ˵ҶĲõջµҲɽɵ
ʹſջƹɽΪҶģҶϣջĹģܹ󣬼㲻ڶʱڳΪɽĿջҲҪŬչ
ôջҪҪĸ֣
Ҷƺû⣬ǾҪջģЩ֦ĩڵ鲻⡣
ǰһ˶ңҪ֣ҲҪòͷջƹԵенΪλ¶ǸʲôƢһʼԭҵ˴ܣƲһƢ
ҶĿɲ֪ԼѾλƹ˲õӡԴ￪ʼ˼ӡЩȽȤĿջſջȻֺܰ񷸼ɻ䡭
ջһ뵽˵нӴĲţҶĻѾ֪жټҿջˣԼԺ뽫ջƽݵģǺͱСջδ̫ʲôˡ
ȥҶͻȻĳӰĿջʱ;ֺȤɵЦ˵ͽмջɣ
мջƹûҶ˵ʲô˼ӡһ仰һ
ԣһ˵һջ˼мջҶӡľԻ
ףмջ
мջ
ʱûй棬Ҷĺ뽫ζԻŪɹ첥ţҲû취
ڿջſڰӣһ飺ףмջһдмջŪôͻأʵʱջƼҶſŪһЩƵĶˡ
ƹҲʲôãֻǾͦȤģ½Ҷ˵μ£ȻͷʾףС϶ȥ׼ң
Ҷ룬ǵԼɽҲȱջǱҲ˷ѣֱӾˣңǿջú÷һ£ջӦûвǮɣýȥɣǲʦܣ֧һ֣
нȥһӲǳ˰죬ͬʱһֱһԵҲζҶЩ߰뷨
ȵƹ񹧾˳ȥ֮ҶĲˣƹʲôղŹЩˣ£ʱǺôʧ
١ҲòȥҶҲǿôһ㣬һ·˴ɽȻֻǵ˼ҵգҲе㲻˼ڴ˾䣺Щɭǵ
ˣԺɭˣ
ʦ֣һû뵽ʦ־ȻԾӪջҲô⣬ʦǲ䣬ȥҲһԳͷأ
٩Ҷֻһ䣺Ӫһɣ;ʵк֮ܶͨġ
ҶĲ֪Լ̸۾Ӫ֮ʱ򣬼ΪмջһƫУ˽Ż谵ĵƹ̸ɽɵ顣
տƼǹӸĽˣһͦΣһʿԵΪֻܸһֶĸоһ¾ͽһʸƻһɶǱ۾˵ӡ󷴶һЩ
ƺҲ˵ëǲˬ˵ʱ򶼲ӣֻԹԵĺŲ裺Ƽˣû뵽ɽɻд˵ȸ֣ǰԵĴΪ
٣ҵֻڰ·ɽӣ̽һòûʲô˲뵽ɽﻹ֣⻰ǱҶ϶ǰЩԼĵӱϮ˵顣
ƽ⣬Ƽ˺ҲϳԼɽ·ϳֹԼЩԼˡ
˶ǲĺ˿ڲ裺Ҿ֪϶͵ˣǰͻصֶȥ鱱ϣǡ·ɽЩͱС˴£
ȴΪ⣬Ʋ죬мĵһҰ֮ССɣмΣ̫Сˣ˵⻰ʱưǳȻǶɽɵʵϣ°ռԼ͵Ľ
ֻ˵ڣȲ˾һߣĪҪСɽɣƾʹһ־ͲƳɻм̵ֵģϾֽü٣½ȻṦǷҪǹӶ֣Ҳþֿܶ콣
ȭȶѣգⱻ½Ȼ˵Ĳ⣬ȴЩ˵ʵҪʹĹӽ֣治֪ԼܷԷĿ콣
ʱ͵ֽʹʵ̫ƯˣӰνٵսһǿ쵽˼£ˣ˺ü±һﶼ֪Լü͵Ķʲô
½ȻôѷɫһԹۿܹһʮÿһĳֽǶƵһǲܷϵǣô̵ʱܹһʮȷһ
ôҲƽϽеŵ½ҲǶʹĹӸɵ˵£ǾԲܵġ
СһЩֻҪóȫ£ǹӸ罣ٿ죬Ҳ˵ң½ţΪṦ
ְǱĹ򣬱ĴڣҲΪԼȭŹܹѹȺۡҪ˵Ṧ½컹û¹˭ʮŵԼƽṦһ֣ʲô˷
ҲΪṦ׿ƽؽѰҪ׷췽ҹ̷һЩ̽ʵ̽鱨α鶼ύ
ϴ̽ɽʵʵģֻҪ͵ˣϰ·ƽûȥɽɽ̽飬ɽɵʵʵͻᱻְ﷢֣ĻȵղΪôⱻǲ
½һְֶΤһӥצȻʲôϡĹ򣬵ȴʹʮֵΪ츳˴˶һʮ·ӥצ֣к֪˱Τֹɲзϡ
Ϊ˴һףֶ£ͬʱ㹻Ȼ书ְһ֣ȴɵƽƹҪķֶ档
ϾƽַչʵְҪƿ׵ġ˵ְܹＳȡ棬Զְ˵ƽݷֶ滹Ǻӵġ
ɽأΪΤҪȥɽһУҪĴƽ⣬ҲҪ̽Ѱһ»ɽɵʵ
ԴӲ鵽ɽɵײְһشĲҵ֮ΤʶԼ뻢ɽһս
ΪְΪؼΪƽǿ໥ΪͻǱȻ顣ƽûܹвҵ˼Ҽ˶ҪˣһսǾǲݵľ档
ҪôɽɰְֶϳƽݡҪôְֶ潫ɽҲǴ޷Ŀܡ
ǰһʱԭǱߴϢɽɵȻͳṫ˳ͻһˡΤʶְһõĻᣬʵôɽɵڻûʧһսʱսɶְ档ֻƺѾȥ˺һҲ֪ü񣿲ǵĹûô׻ָ
ԭżææṦã̽½챱ϣֻû뵽;ɽصʱ򣬾Ȼôһ˼顣
ûµС㣬ƺӵ֮ʵΤ⣬ɽʲô
ΤҲôȥڴ˵ضͣգúô̽һеС㵽Ǹʲôˮƽ


085 
Ϊһ⣬ɽɵһʵ¶˳ȥΪ˵Ͳ֪һСҶ̸˿ջؽ֮󣬾ͻȥԼķˡ
ѾʶԼڹԼʦž޴Ĳ࣬յǳսȻûǴоĹ̡ԵĲ˵ˣҶڹסȻ󱬷һ㣬
ΪѵҪģ¶δĿǰڹΪйĲζּ֧ͷΪ
УڹķĸһûȻʲףв书һ;ȷǸۣȻ˽ֲʲôӰ죬Ҫ̸ʲôµͲˡ
Ҷĵѭѭ̵֮˻ط㽣ͲΪԼľͳΪһʦڲͣԼʦֵ̽ʶԼҶ֮便жô޴ĲࡪǹΪ书֪棡
ҶԼԼֽ̽ʱʱʱð뷨ܻ͸е̾ᷢԼĶȲԼʦͻȻУǻط㽣Ȼ˵Լɵģд󲿷ֹؼ֮ԼʦԵ
ͱʹȻһ㣬ԼʦǴĵʦʱʱе˼룬пһܼ书ҪΪ⣬ȷ𵽺ܴá
ͲΪԼʱʱðһ书뷨Ȼĵһµ书⹦ˣοԲͨ͸ڹķˣ
ʵϣȻңķѾɣҲǶķȽ˽ˡҪ˵ܴķвĹеǿˡ
ˣʱûڹʲô취ҲΨһľȥԼʦ֣ûʲôʵĽ顪ȻҲԵʦֽĥϼɣȻֱѧϰֻҪԼѧϰҪҶǲܾġ
֮⣬ΨһľԼʦֽڻԼϰ֮ǰԼΪΪҶ˵ʲôѧϰ֮ǰ㹻Ļô°빦
ͬʱԼϼӣϰ׹ʱиӸôƾ躮̶֮Ҳ̵ܶʱھͿԴﵽɻ߽ӽɵľ硣ڣֻһһĻͬʱϼΪ
ͺŸˮͰһˮˮһʼˮͰһͰˮĻôˮ׼ˮĴȻҪһΡǸͰĻôٲþҪһˡ
Ȼŵһˮ׵ĻôգۼͽǸˮעˮҲʲôֵ飡
ӱѩãȻһˮˣǺαһˮˮʵҭһ¡
ҶֻãֻǴȷˣӦȥ
ⷬĽ⣬ƽʱעԼΪ֪ǣҶĴʱҲ˼ҪҪʼԼʦúʦϼ
˽ǰû̸ˣһҪ֤Լռ֣Ҳ˵ԼġǵʱѩͣǵΪϼı׼һЩ
ھô²ͣŬԼߵĽ˵ڹΪ˳ĽʱϼΪ˵ѾﵽҪ
ֻǳһЩĿǣҶܾһ̫һ˺Ժĳڷչ
Ͼÿ˵ʸвͬҲʺ͵ĲþʺѩҶܹɵĹҲ;ֻš
ɽеһЩѩĵ޵;ˣĻϱṦӾͺã·Ҳ޵ƣĽĿ졣ҶĳһͲôȫŹŵš
ҶóƷƣѩͶһ㣬Ȼù죬һʹܻζѩǲԾľͿʼ޵Ƶ·Ϲգ͸ɴʹʹžͱһ׽˳кüθιеʱҶķӦ죬͵ñԼʦֱָӴС
֮Ĳ⼸书¶ţοǸΪӵڹķҶ治ʺԼǷʺˡ
ȻҶֻһϼؼǱϾﻹпٻؼĽָһʱûкʵģҲˢȵˢʵٸԼʦʦá
οѾȭŵʵ߽һ飬ɽ֮ƺûܹԼԿƺ㹻ʱȥġˢؼ⼸ܾƺҪƵء
ѩͶÿճȥһȦ󶼰ȻĻϢҲǶɽġ
ǼȻ󲿷ֶԸɽǺϤȭŵ˵ǵĻҲʾԸֱ⳥ԼЩҲ֪ܹȭųԱ˲Ǻǵģ绨Ǯ֣ҲԵ
ҶĵʾΥԼĽҲûգֻԵ˼˼˾£Ͼ˷ҲԼ㣬ɽԺǿٲҪЩʿ֮Ĵ򽻵ڸһԺ
еһҴԸԼҶҲֱŵȥפأͬʱҪ˹һ¾ҪͬŽñĵȥ
ڲԸкԼֲԸǮģֻһңһЩСҶҲ󿴵ˣЩСûгԶĿ⣬ȫ֪ˣҪ˶ãҶĳǵʲͻᱻ̲ҶǮ˾㲻Ѫⲻҩô˭
֮⣬ɽǿԭɽפҲĳɽɵıԺרŸӴɽݷûҪʦˣƽҪ飬ƽʱŵַȥפء
ƽǲҪȥﳣפþȥѲӡƽפԭǣҶ׼ˣһμƽʱԼ͸¶˼ʱƽ΢Եе㼤ϾŶһǰΪʦǿڵŵݲͬնϵرȲ˵ѧϰ书ÿϰ֮˵롣
֪ſԼи๤ҪԼֻ˲ŻأܿƽҶĶһЩš͸¶ûĻǰʽʦŵӡ
æߣԼȭŲҵҶڿ¿ԼʦʦڹˡͬʱصİæЩҲ˸߰˰ˣѾûʲôʹУֻƸոջָҲȥһЩ̫ҵ顣
ÿ֮䣬˰֮⣬ĻָԼƣͬʱΪøӼͣҲԼԼϼΪ
תۼʮ͹ȥˣҶĸоѾָĿٴͶԼʳָ档ǸָѾһˡ
ʵҶԼʦʦŪһڹʱ뵽ָκʱôĶֻšƻָȻͲ׼ȥڹҪٻһڹ
ȻٻʲôͲƣΨһϣľܹ׵Ķ㲻ڹҲܹó
ϧָҶĵٿأͬʱҲҶĵȱȤûȥҶϣʲô
һƺ书ؼҶϵʱ򣬼ҶĻ鿴ķ棬Ȼڿдʲô֮Щһûֱӳȥ
£ٿӵһ㲻
ˮĿеᣬҶĵֶͣ·϶һԼʮı˶ܿľжôľᡣ
ԭ򣬻Ϊɷĸ֣ɫɣҶⶫǲ֪Ӧôˡ
ҶĻš齫ᷭȻһβͣԼȿɣҲǸöأ
ϧ㱡Ҳ㲻Ϻ֮ǵϣȫɢⱾɫԼ֪ǱͬʱҲȷ˶еۣҪȴҶľᵰ۲ѡ
ĽܣҶ¸պÿⱾϵĶΪһЩϵļҲõԼҪǱӵʨĺ࣬ҶİԸ̡
һ⣬ҶⱾɫôһڹͺò׻ܳһ˿ϼɢ˵ֱתͬʱҲڹһӶֻתˡ
ʵɫзʽӣǽеȻתΪڵﵱСΪһʣκڳֶᱻͬȻ޷Ĺ
ɫȫǶǿȵзʽûб仯ġ˵ֻҪžͲҪΪԺģǰΨһ鷳ǿȡ
Ȼɫ۷Ķɫž޴ĸá˵Ǹڶ׳յĶ趨Ǹ׳ɻöı̬ҪҲûܲҶԼͬʱһڶ֣ɱɣ
֮ô࣬ǿҶҲòԴοʵ治ۣԼɢڵϼôڶɫ󣬳㽫йɢȥԶ޷ѣʲôᱻڵĶת
Ҳ˵Ҷȥɫȴ⣬ôֻԷ书Ȼ¿ʼһ;ûôʱȥ˵ڡ
ҪǣҶĴⱾɫһ㡣ǾָٻķΧʵй㷺ֻҪԼܹṩ㹻ǿôκηǿȱ׼ĶܸŪһЩĪ߼ؼҲһˡȻָܲһŲܵġ
ԼܹٻɫôȵԼʵǿ֮󣬻᲻ٻӱ̬ԼǿĹ
Ⲩȭ챦ƺûпܣ
ĿԵõЩǿı̬ڻһĶôҶȥɫǶϼ֥飿
ţǲĺã
ɫŵһԣҶֿʼˣǾˣⶫôˣƺ̫ϧˣ
ˣŰɣһԺõŵĵطأһΣҲҶĵϰߣÿһµؼٻϸĿһ顣ƾԽ׵ļһܼ֮˸š
Ȼ򿪰պãһ֮ҶĲʩʩȻߵԺȥɢġ
ʱɫѾˣɽΪϡ٣ߵһЩƫƧطʱԵЩɭֻҶȴںϾԼһֽϼңе£
תһȦҶͻȻһǰͣסȻ΢΢һ䣬Цŵҹã֪кιɣ
ԱϣҹϰϰȴްӦ
Ǻǣ¶ԼṦţڳڿô
䣬ûκӦ𣬴ʱڲ࣬»ΪҶڰȴһ˰亹ͣԼ˵ܵģܷңһСţôܷң
˻ӦҶȴЩͷˣҪˣ԰գҲʲôһһ𣬵ɫһ˦һƬƳȳȵǵصǷ֮ϴȥֻһž֮һӰԺڰԾȻ󼸸ֱŶȥ


086 Τ
ҶһͭǮǱ֮˱˳ûüٳ֣˾ȻԾ֮Ѿܳ˺Զ
ṦҶĺǾ̵ȡһöͭǮʹϼ˾ָ׼ʱ˦ֽͭǮ˳ȥֱ˺Ķȥ
ҶĵǬһϰĲֻܱ֤ͬʱһöͭǮ±֤ȣƸղǰһһѣǹŻˣȶԷûָһͭǮܸԷʲô˺
ʵҲˣҶһ£Ȼǵؾʮ㣬Ǹֶһû׼ͷҶĶͭ㹻ֱ࣬ӽһƬ˽ȥҲֱ
ǽһöͭǮĻҶĻָĴģϱڹⵥһöͭǮȥԶʤѩʹǬһûдҪͭǮЮǿᾢҲ˺һˡ
ѩǬһǿȣΪ־ƣѩЩͭǮǴҪ棬ʵûʲôԡֻǵŶֵСУ㲻ʲôѩǬһʹӷԭӣһ־һͭǮؼЩͭǮŶԷҪҪѨλȥ
˵ʦ˵Ǭһǧʱǲ˵˭ĸһЩ
ʯ֮䣬ǺӰͱҶͭǮУոԾֱӾȥҶƼЦ׳ôܾȻֱߣⲻŸ߱˶𣿡
̧߹ȥʲô˾Ȼҹɽɣͬʱ뵽˸ղһգ۵ĹܳôԶṦҲɲСӣ΢ебֿ˼öͭǮ
ֻҶľȵǣȻ䵽ȴûˤ˳һˣڵǰһȥϾȻֱӼʹṦǰܡ
Ҷļ״󾪣ѾСˣֻû뵽ṦȻʧȥĺôعϿŵͭǮ˦˳ȥֻǲִټϼ˼֡
Һõ׼Ȳöö˶ԷźǻеĲλƺؼûܴ򵽶Է˫ȡں󱳻߼ˣͬʱǺӰԼ⼸ö֮͵ǰܳ˺ԶֻһѾûӰӡ
Ȼˣ
ҶȻʯڶһṦܹûǱһ棬ֻ׷˼֪Լ׷϶ԷȻֻҪԼĹ֧ԶԶĸסԷӰӣȻȶԷûƱʱͿסˣκȷǲʹɽ֮ƣԼðȻ׷ȥϮԼɽţ̫òʧ
ڶԷݣҶԼҲܲµţҲҲˡ
ºɽйڵĲȭźְȭоû֣һͳɽˣôְֻˣ
۲ãҶıְƺԼ˴жϣʱȥչ׳ԴݵĽȭŵһɶԼھ
ڿְƺʶԼɵвɳ̽ɽʵ֪ܵһ
ְֱɱҵֵסô
ɽõĳֵҲʦˣҶԼſƽκһλյĸֶս䲻֤ӮҲ̫·硣
ѩҪ΢һ˶תŲĴ򷨣ӵĺõĻȫʤǿĻᣬϹ·˵ˣʤһҲǲܡ
ͺӢ۴ʱСŮĹԶַȴƾṦ˺һѩĹȻСŮְֶҲûнַǰĸֲŶԡ
֮⣬ҶҵľǡûɽУǶԷֱƣϵʿԲӲ͵Լһƽ׶һս
ƽһĺ֣΢һģԼĵҲһɵǿһЩôְֶ澫ӢҪɽɣһջ
һ㣬ҶķԼʵȵ࣬Ҳ΢İһЩɢͭǮջȴһҶ룬ǱǺ˳ִˣ˾䣺ôһǮҲŹ㲻ȥңתֱӱסǼ䷿ȥ

ְֶΤһȻԼкŲ裬Ŵ¹ⲻ֪ЩʲôԳ䣬ͻȻһƿ֮һӰֱӴӴԾ룬ֻգۼΤ
ţˣƼ½ǵѪΤǾӡ½ṦƽһЩδˣΪ½֪ܵʱܣѰûõṦ׷׷ϸ۴ˡ
½ȥɽ̽һɽɾжܹһЩֵʲôˮƽ뵽⻹û½ͻˣҿǳ˴
ĪɽṦ֮ˣ
½촭һ󣬺òײŽƽѶҡҡͷҷṦУǱðˣ
½ǱˣΤûղǰ㾪ȣǺʲôԷõʲô
ֻǻһڣͼ½һŹ֣ƺʲôΤ״¸棬׷һ䡣
½ûд𻰣ֱӽŵĶΤΤͷһƣ֮һƳȳȵͭ徲½ƵУ֪ƽʱȻϲ͵ˣ̸µʱȴӲЦĻΤ̾ͻᷭΪ½ϷˣԼ
ͭǮˣ½ĸѪҪʲô˵񽭺ûܹԭзɻժҶԿ˵ĳҲûУһͨʯ֮˵Ҳڣԭ£ȴƽݣ
ȻҲ˵ƽݾûЩĸ֣ǾԲӦһСɵС
̧ͷ½죬ΤʵûŪ
½ҡҡͷԲŪڷ֮ϵʱǱҶһͭǮƳģұӿдڵ֮ʱ˳ƽⶫУ֮˼öϣҺþһôǿҽͻزˣ
⻰һΤҲǵһ˵ɽţȻĹ
ҶɽŵԼòְЩ˶Ѿ̽˸½ڿҶĵʱŻ֪ݣǣܹѾңʱһڿңûֱҲ֪ķˡʹʹõľܹһ㣬ڹΪƽݶģ
Τ˵ֻǲͣİöͭǮ
½ֻǣҶĵĹƺЩŹ֣Ĺʲô֮ǺļöͭǮɲ罫Ҵӿд򷭵һĪǿھܾã
˵ͷΤпܣ
ʵΤϣǰ½²㣬ΪֻζνҪԵĵ˻ûǿǸе޲ߵĵز
Ҷʱضܹʹǿᾢ˵Ϊ¾ƽݶһˣΤȻԼΪģȴҲҴƱӮ
𵱳Լ˽ɽɵ·Ұһ㣬ûʱ龰Τޱȵķ̡
˼ȥؿڵ½죺Σд𣿡
½һº¶һЦɽŵľΪ֣ʱȻþͣҲûеԳܣȴ⾢ֹľھﵷң˲Ƕʱָܻˣ
Τһ飿˵ţ½һתǰȥ̽Է
һ̽飬Ͳ½һ˿ҲֱײֻƵȥƺǲʲô˺ʵȡȴ·ǵ죬ɵһ뱬½ȻڱҲеˡ
ʶһ㣬Τ˹½ˣһҹ֮ô˹ȥ֮ʱ˲ſչ
һѰڹɽҲвپɣ½ʵܺ˶ô
½鿴һ˶ֵû⣬ֻǷӲʮɹ
Τ룬˵ͷˣ⼸ղ̽ϢǼĹӸɽŵʦܣ˽Ȼ涯Ӧòڴ򲻹֮ҶĻһʦãȻ֪ΣһŮ
֮ɽûʲôҲʹûʲôˣ
˼ǡ
һɽһˣҪȥɽţȻ鵽Ϣ½컹ȥɽɲ̽һˣٶչ鲻Τֲ鵽϶˺Լ޷ɽɵʵһ׼ȷĶ壬ɴԼȥһҶţֱ۵ĸܺԼźþְպĶ
ҶĺǿôҪʵ£һɽɣҲҪǵɽɡȻĿڿƺѴɣΪЩΤ˵ɽҶ԰ﻢɽɵˣ̫û£ȴôˡ
¹Ҳ˳ģˣɽ뻢ɽ֮Ĺϵ
򵥵ʰϴΤ΢е㲻ɽɽŴɽɱԺҲע⣬ûֱͣӱɽȥ
һ·ϴССӰ˵ƺһЩһĽɫΧȥֱӶֽץԼɵСЩϰˡ
ЩۣûаļһΤֱӥצһЩѵֶϽţصһϢǿס
һ֣Ҳû˸Ҵע⣬һ·ϳͨ裬ûа˵Щ˿ҲԼ˳ͷղ־ѾЩףλ̨ȺСܹǵġ
˵˭
˭Ƕǲ𣡡
ʲô˲ȥҶŽа尡ֵܹȥʲôӢۺú
㿴һ·ɽĪȥɽɵģ

Ҳ֪ǳʲô뷨Щڲ²⵽ֺļһҪɽɽɵ鷳Ҫȥɽ͵ӣԶԶں棬ȻҪȥ֡
ΤҲȥȺˣֻԼԼģƾһȺӬƵļһ˵ķͣ
ҪҪȥǶܣ
أҪ־ǿɣΤҲǴ⣬ռȻ˾ٲҪҶĽ֣ȻϢʾҶĲǸĽɫż㹦࣬ԼҲƾḻĲɱܶԷ
ܹ˵ҶģɽؽҲ½ɣʱӦûвҶĵ鷳ҲǰԼְǣסͻȻðˡ
ƽϼ䣬ɽΡɽųΤǰ˿ƵĴźдɽ֣ΤǶһЩ֮⡣ƽЩͷһɣԳƵɽŵʵ֮١ɽһֶɽɡ
⿴ɽţ֪ɽͼС
½˵һ䣬ΤɽɽţֻһڣͼһɫʿվԼȭ֪ʹӺζɽΪ£
ɽɵӼһɽܻҶġʶʲôҶֱ֮ǰͥԺУ
ǿͣʢĻӭʽǵУô֮ǰʤ


087 ȻȻ
ҶΤԶ˶һȴû˵ҶڵΤĻشȻѾ˵˸²⣬ܹҪԷ׿֤ʵ˵׼
ΤµĴҶģֻö˲ʮһòӢͦΣһɫʿϰ֮ȴԵͻأʵĽֻһĸҵĹӸ磬ȻҶû֮С
һεӢܣ
˵ΤƽҲټԭҶӢҲ洦ɼοǿƽݡ
ϧ˵Ӣȴɽţ
Ҷһ֮𣬲һְﴦڶ״ΤҶĽύһпܵĻ£ְְǰɣ˻Ǹҵ书ûʲôơ
£ȴֻܸվһߣ󻹺пܴ֣ĽύҲˣϾǽ
ְƽݷֶΤɽ֮ǰݷã
һڳһҶľǶԷȻְķֶ²ְＴǰҲһֶеĺ̽̽뵽ȻǶ
Ȼ֪Τ˷;ɽأֻΪһЩҶĵ˼
һԵҲǾȣڵְ֪ܿǰ̽ɽɺ󣬾ͱʾбҪϵԵЩΪΪֻȴû뵽ְķֶţƺҪԼĻҪˡ
ȻȻҲ֪ΤⷬУʵǱġҲ֪Լһ¶棬Τ½Ҳһ
û뵽ȻɽУȴɽžεϢҥԣ
Τ½ⷬҲǵ˵ͷɽҲ֮飬ҾôɽһԼһҵ۸ɽɸޡҲֵĻֲ˺ˡ
Ե½һ䣺鲻ð죬ĪҪ
һȺΤһɽֵˣʱǱΤݾĲ֪ôźáһЩŵҶĳְ˴ڳûռ˵ļһѾʼ͵͵ˡְɲǵģһֶ棡
һЩְɽ֮ʲôΪʲôְķֶŰݷá
˵ҹϵãκ˿ҶǱ˾һſҶֱֳļƶãҵĹϵ㲻Ϻá
ɽɺʱǵְˣ
ҲǴ󲿷еʣһЩԴһЩڿǸһ⣺ɽɴ˷ְˣҲԼԻˮռЩˣ˵ɽн֮Ķɲأ
Ҳ˵ЩиԵ뷨Ҷ΢һԽڶȭԭΤʧʧƽְΤһң
˵˵ҶŵĴҲţκΰʼδ׼ǡ·ɽɣǰ߶߶ţҶ֣
ͷΤǰݷɷˣʵӦȥְݷΤģ
Ҷſˡ

һһЦ磬֪ĻΪﺮѣʵϸͲô¡ЦҪжãҪж⣬˵ҲΪ㹧άһ䣬һͨҲ˶ˡ
˼ľһֱ׶ľδӽҶߵͲǰΤҶվҲûӭȥ˼˵飬ϵĶȴǽǱȭǻ֣˶Ż¶ԷͻȻ͵Ϯ
ͬʱ˵ôҶҲûȥȸʲôģһ˶Ƴ˸ڻӦˡ
ߣα
ѩԼʦֺǸʲôΤһһг;òͷˣվһһ䡣֪أ⻰ûֻ̫һԵͺˡ
һ£Ƭ̾ͻعЦҡҡͷû˵ʲôϽˣֳĶˡֻҪˣ涼ⲻҪôһס
һЦתͷѩһʦֲóЩӦ֮أû뵽Ҳһ㲻
ҹӴСڲͣӦ꣬ӦԼףӦЩӣӦЩѧЩĽĸزӣҲӦҲЩ£ԼԽҳߡ
ǸƢΪֱˬҶʦӦò󶮵ЩտԼۣҶЩһ㲻
ѩƲƲ죺Ҳ֪ѧЩ߰ĶǲףһŲܲӦֻ꣬ͻȻֲԶǸʦֺİİе£Աܵų⡣
еҶĲ֪ԼʦʦõķӦΤӦ˼Ҳ÷ˣĹʿ϶Ȳ϶λͱԼʮˣԼΪԲܱȵġ
ҪôȥƺĵҲûиҶ뵽ˣڷͻȻһתʵ֪Τ˷ǰкιɣ
˵䣬ҶĻĿ½һƳѾϳ˾ǱԼɵǸˣΪһﻹϵͷȫɫĳۡ·ȻûҶֲǰ׳ܿ
ͬʱһƳҲѶΤĪҪٳϡˣ̵ɵ˵ɣѾ֪ǶҲ⣬Ҳˡ
ȻΤҶĵʼе㲻ͷˣЦ֮䣬ƺЩᣡΤĳǰҶſϲ̸һ̸
᣿Ҳʲôᣡ
Ҷôֱ׵ĻΤе⣬ֻչסҲΪ⣺ҶͽգʹЩְѾֳ㹻⣬Ҷ׼λӦأ
»ãһҶĵɫ৵ľûֱûҶĺƣְﵱһ͹ֺԼǷ˱˵ĸоǳܡ
ҪǣǶԷӲȥȻһʩ͵ǰ˵Ƿһ飡
ĪڴˣҲѹҶһ̾Ҫ쭡
ǶεְϵģΤǲҲҪѵְﻹԴЮҲɣǻ֮
ҶĴһΤɫҲˡְӹʲôҪǲ˵ǲԺҲɱְֽȥ
Ҷŵְˣ
ְҲְ֪ĵȷȷɽˣȻɽͼϾ֮£֪½˰

ҶĴ˻һȫһȻ࿴ֵ㾢ϢʱͱĿɿڴ
ְȻʹ͵͵Ǳɽɣ
ⲻʲôϾּɶؼְĸ־Ȼɽɵ˷֣Ȼ󻹸ˣϢ̫ˣѵɽѾǿԺְ￹ô
۷׷ףʹһЩв˵ĻײվһԵ½ЩĻɫһһ죬ǳԣҶĿ»٩һ䣺ĪǸǬŲƣ
½ʵ֮ס̺ҶСҪѿ֮˵һȴǽһֱϵöͭǮ˳һ˾Ϭƿ֮
ֻͭǮһ֣ɽǱ߾һ󽿺ȣֻ͵Ϯ͵ëʲô
ȴѩŵӶ˵½ʽǰЩʱ͵ϮƽҽƽЩɽµǸһ
ѩƽʱŽɣԼҵҲǿءƽ˴˾˵Ҫȥƽ𣬱Ҷã϶ҪֻҪĻǼӽ򹦷򲻼ãǵ˳𷴵Լ˽ȥŽס
ԼһҹɽҶҹ䣬ɽɽҪһһ飿ƾһëļһȥ磬Ƕһ˵ֱܴ衣
һ½Ҷĳ֣ѩͳһͭǮֱӺһһ˦һƬƳȳȵͭǮͱ˳ȥų齣ʣʹ޵ͭǮֱ֮½ɱȥ
ѩһͭǮʹǬһַһöǡý½춪öͭǮڵأͬʱûӰ쵽ͭǮЩƳȳȵСһ½ѨҪ˹ȥ׼ԾҶĵ½ŵļæֹסΣȻҴԱһԾʮǱĲŶһƬͭǮ
ʲôַ
ռҶͭǮֻҶֱûкʵİԼڹŻô뵽ռѩһֲףɽɸͭǮʹ
ѩ⿴컨ַӳͭǮȻԼҪҶǵؿ˵ʵûĹȻͬŮڰַϵΪҪǸҶĸһ
ûܼ룬ͭǮ½ͿһƬⶵͷѩͱͭǮƬ̣ͭǮŹѩĽѾ
ѩ޵ƵҪŮ棬һ׽ʹǵأվһۿȥֻǰƺǽ⣬һ˲½ΪԼʮʹ˵С˵׾½һ󾪿֣ϱҼµĲӶ˼֣ƽʱΪĹ鲽Щ̤ײѾ֮ѩĹվޣḻ½׼һյӳ˽һ½Ҫѩ¡
ɼˣò״ӽ½컹ЩˣһӲǱѩĳնƲƬɫ鲽ڶյĺƮߣûڸǵֱҲأѪ½һְ֧˿ڵͬʱľ֮ԵǱ
ýṦɽɹȻǲԻ
һֱһԿȫ̵Τҧһ䣬ѩĹϡ˽ûˣҾԽĶԼ
绹ɽϾѾˣû뵽ԼǰµŮ޾ȻҲǿաȻ½Ĺְֶ涥ģͬʱǸŮһ־½죬֤仹ǺбµġṦתŲȻȫӰ½컹ҪǿһЩ
ɽɱԤƵĻҪǿᣬշǵЩ취ˣΤΨһķӾֻԳִҶһ;
Ȼɽɾʹ߽⣬ҲְΪɵ뵽־ΪҶľͿԻɽɵҪҶάְϣֱ仯ʵ̫ˡ
ҶŹտڹΪΪΤĳţƾһ˫һ
Τ˵ֱ꣬Ӱ˸ӥצּơһõĲһӥצŵĴӥצֵƣһҲܿΤһսôأΨһ뷨ǸɴĴɽš
ֻҶĻû𻰣һԵѩҲ֪ûͷģֽȵȻȻ˵վҪֽϣ뻹ûҶͻȻȵʦĪҪ֣ȥ
ѩҶģһսʣȻĥĥߣҲ֪˵Щʲô
翴ѩ߻ԼǼƺЦĪҪʶģΤΪӥצù޲˽ǣʦиôŲֵģ
ѩǺһҪôֻǱȴȫ˸ӣҲû˲ǿļе֮ɫ


088 һѪ
Τں˼ƣҶĳСȻҶĺǼɵΪ䱲ֵĲ࣬ǲȳ֡
Ҷɣ
ҶƣͻȻ˵һ䣺Τף²ȫƲΤˣ˵ת߻صڵǰһ˵ĳң
ǵһ㶣ȴֱӽгŽһ˹ȥӦ˵˾䣺ã
Ҷĵ˵ͷų߻صΤǰɽĹǽұóҲǽΤҲ֮ãȻɽﻹвٱģΤ󾡹ܿڣ
һ˵Ĳ겻ԲƫҭΤԶԣܲ˵ƶԵУƾʲôҪñ⻰Ҫ˵ƽ׾Լ磬˵ġ
ʹñҶĴΤǲκζδУһˡԸһЩĻû⣬ڿǽҶĵͬȼĶģȻҪøϤϹˡ
ȥֻҶͻȻȥȡΪҶŲؿˣǽձֻʤܣ֦ĩڵľͲˡȻҶóȻƸʹȭҲֲˣ
ΤԼצģ˫ƣھѰ˼űҲ
Ҷаɣ
Ҿȴ֮ˣҶ԰գ΢΢һ̧ͬʱϼŽȾһƬϡ
оһ£гӲҶھ˳ֻáǺһӽе֮һǽǡͣҶǰ
һֽΤҲ۾һҶԾԼڹжôԼھĲٿشﵽ˶ôĳ̶ȣΪ۶һжҶ㡪Τġ
ΤˣΧ˸ǵɵӶҪʶǳôԼӽ˳
ĪҶǽɲɣ
ҶĽݵ̬˸ʮ㣬Ű˸ƣ˳ֽʶһԣΤ
δ䣬ֻҶһΣգۼͳ嵽ΤǰȻվβΣֳֽ̳΢΢ϣֱָΤǰʹȫ潣еһж룡
бûʲôϡ棬ľʹߵĹȣȲ㣬ⶨ˿û˶ĸоǿľǽƲ죬ȴ쳣
ǰҶľʹеľҪֻԴؽΪضǰôʹһͨȫ潣һЩںµⶨһʹ˵ʮ㣡
ΤҶһûԼĶͷѾʹ֪ҶĽƱˣԼӦ²ҵһΣҶһһԾǰֻӥצֱȡҶĳֵֽ⡣
һצץʵˣҶֹƾ͵̱ϣһצҶĸ첲ѨһץϣҶĹ߹Τ࣬Ѳ
ҶҲֻϱɴݲȣгҲδңֻǽһ̤гһת˳ƶΤצ⣬һΤ˫ȥ
һɳƺֻҪУҲǸѵ³صĻֱӽϣѰ䣬ҶǾԲôʹģֻΤ̫һ־ͱҪϵ첲ҶȻɵĻͶԷ
ȻҪ֣Ҿֱ˫צӣ
ΤҲûϵɽŸղŻĺܣһ̶ֺȾȻ˿Լ϶٣ųҶĳ־нʱм͸ԷݵģֱӴܶԷܳû˶ԷֽŻֱӴɲзǾ͸ˡ
Ҷһ㲻ЩͨͣΤӡеÿÿ֮仹Ե÷Ų̫д󲿷ڽʱʹº֣Щڳѵ֮Żಫлдȫ¡
ҶᣬȻǴ˶꽭ּ֣飬ֱָԼҪǵһǿƿҲֱӱԼԴԾҪֱӽԼС
նĵһ½һ£Ϊȫ潣ӲǱҶʹúǳɼˣ˼֮ɲҶĽ飬ǴȺͻ̬ǺԻ˵Ĺ۸еġ
ֻھеΤ֪գŵĴӥצֶ޷ʩչûһܹУһʹͻᱻҶԺϣľûʩչ
գ
عʮУְƽݷֶĶȻһ֪ɵѹ·磬ΤһŭȴҲ׼űҵѹ׾ѧ˳ʹ
ֻΤצһצҶĽУڶצֱȡҶĺʹҶĺˣֽһȣʹҶļԾ˳Ľ˵ľ
һУΤҲһˣкͻȻһ䣬һ͵һȡ
ֻΤ糴һž죬Ƕ˫ƣž֮Ǵϴ֮ҲĹ͸˵ҶĶĸоĵ
ԭΤ˴ӥצžѧ⣬һڹţһֶصڹϰڹһ⣬صܹͨںһ˲䱬ǿھ˲սΪǿڼյĹ
ֻŷǲܳ־ʹã򱬷ǿھὫʹȫݻ٣ΤԴϰŷҲʹãرǿĶֻ߱ҪӮµĵ⣬ƽʱֻӥצӦС
κνҶһսǴ·磬޷ܰҶĽ£һᣬűؼʹ˳ֻһ֣Ʊ뾪̾
ǶΤΪ˽½죬ԼҶȻʹ˳ʶҪԼԤϵĻҪ⣬ɽŵĹȻǿ㾳أȴ֪Ҷű֮۸ΤͲʼձһܰȫľ룬Τʹѹ׵Ĺ
ҶҲ֪ҪԼƴˣϼϼȫʩչҲʼԳ
ɫϣɫ˫Ҳ͸ɫƣɫһգϼ壬ȴҶĵϼǰЩоǴֽ֮һ
ʹԾѧһ¾Ҫʤˣ
ȳֵΤʹ˱ΤּٶȾȻ࣬һ˫צֻգۼ͹Ҷǰһ¾ҶĶΪԾû뵽ΤĹȻǵ㾳硣
ܳΪְֶվЩͣ
гһãҶҪողǰʹΤܣһֱնΤ֡
û뵽ǣΤξȻܣںצֱӾһץҶһʱȼȻΤץ˸š
ֻһ·ǯסһ㷢̶ڳ˱һͷƤ顣
ҶҲöһܣȴûʱЩΤһצץס˳ȥƲҶץۿžҪץšΤƾһ±ץʵˣҶƤᱻãݶģֱӱҲǲܡ
ֻҶû뵽ΤһצΤ뵽ҶһֻԼƴȫǿס˫֣ץסҶĳͿԽҶĴܣȴû뵽ҶĵϼͬǳԷץסҲΪҶû뵽һȻӲƴС
ҶĲŲæ˽ʵΤץһģϼϱӲΤһĵ־һ£гһ𣬱ץĳٴηһ̶ȻҶӲİ˳
⻹û꣬Ҷ˾齣һ±˲ΤģΪ⽣ϳǽлǽָЩ룬Ҷĳ齣ǸҲԱУûͷҪҶĳ齣һ²С¶ŵĻһ¡
û뵽ǣҶĳǳĽоȻڰ;ӲĹ˸䣬ǽ䣬ǽͻȻһ䣬ΤĽоΤϺݺݵһ£Ͻһ䣬ǽͺ񵹹Ĺһ֮Ӳĳһ£ʹΤ۶һɢࡣ
Ҷһ֣ȴ⣬ղΤѾ˼ɵԼƾڹտƳдΤһֲǲŶԷûӦʱ˳ƽƣ̫ˡ
ٿһת˵ĽֽŽеĵԱ˱ֱͬʱٶȴϼڽϣǱƽƽĳȾһ㵭ɫ
һ±ΤĻعһƳ֪һҶȫΪǱնУԼվͽ
ҪԵУҶĴʱȻƣںò׾޳ϼȴǴʹߣһ˫Ʋϣ͸ϲơֻҶĴʱһĶԵУûô󣬳ΤעתԼϣƽʵʵΤ߲ࡣ
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󣬵ȴΤɫ䣬ԲҶһκαǳҪٶǲæھסอҪӲһ£ͬʱ˫Ѿ˷׼ͼƴܾˡ
ȻҶƻһ㣬ղѾʶҶʹƷȻûʲô֮ʱޱȣʵС
ѾǿҶһˣκҶһƲʹȫϼҲʹ˳һУ̱ϼֱӱΤڡ
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ÿΤΪþסอȻһ˲Сˣȴǿסûֱ³Ѫֻƺһ¡Լ֪һԼңҪǱͲ׿ƵıҲʧأԼܵһҶˣһ뵹ǵⱬ͡ˣֹۣûһصҲָˡ
ҶȴֱӷŹ׼Τɢϳ̾һ£Ȼʹʹ廢ŵеһУҪֱӽΤնɱ
κΤʱҴܣอش˶ãֻĿҶһͷ£һ䣬ֻĺ˾䣺סְ
ϧҶûжҲûбҪԼ˵Ļϳ˿ֻһ⻪Լ䵽һ˿ϣһƬʺƮְֶҶĵնɱ
˿ֱɵˣ½춼˺һҲûлعȵʶʲôʱҪ˵Щʲôȴֲ֪Ӧ˵ʲô
߶µָҶģʲôҲûڣʱʶԼƺӦþȥͶԷǺ
һתṦ׼ΧȺԽ뿪ɽߴһ½ڲ߲ô
½һ㶣תͷ뿴Ǻ˶Լ˵ϧһת۾ֻǰһƬ⣬ǺһѤ÷Ƿֻ಻˾Ҳû˸ооʧ֮ǰԴȴǣÿĽ
Ƽ½ҲնɱҶŷ˿ΧѻȸˣҲû˵ʲô֮Ǵ˳ȥݹҶĳ顯֮ƨ֪¿϶ᴫȥҲͲǾˣʱ仹Ѱ˼һӦԿĽ
ϾԼɽɿһɱְҪ


089 
гһ𣬽ϵʺҺɢɣҶıֱӼ˳սκⳤԼղǰʹΤצȷͬ죬ѾٷҲ΢΢ЩΡ
Ҷ֪ǳĲ£ǱԼ佣еǴ䵱ɵָὣϵõУǡʱʣΤûһԡжԳȻ൱ߵҪԭҲûᵽһҲû뵽䵱õҲֻ䵱ʽڿЩҲǾԼЩͨʹõġ
еЧȻϵĺãһΤŽжʧҶĽ뽫Τܶѣ۸ɴֱӽնɱȻΤжϴҲǵԼҪԭ
ڵʩºֽΤҲȫҶʱ⡣
ɽְѾ׷һսӮΤӮˣºⲻһ񶷣һۡ
ϳ֮䣬ΤкҶҲһ¿׼ᣬĻзŹĵɱΤĺҪְսһǰŪҲռ˸֡
⣬˽ⳡԣΤְｫҶĺɽ˸ֱ۵жϣ´ʱ򣬿϶׼׵ֲŻ
ĻɽɵǸ⣬ɱΤ½죬öԷɵΪҶĳ֣֪ʵεְڶɽˣǻҪ̽ɽɵʵһҪѲʱ䡣
ͬʱְƽݷֶٲҪһң㲻ҲҪʾܶ淽˼һһأ˷ʱա
˵ôŪһﶼҶĺɽֻΨһĺǳ׵ְΪһǲݵ֡һӮֻҪûˣл͵أҪǾû˵ˣ㣬ˡ
Ҷȫ⣬Դӵְ֪ﰵ¡Ҫ漰ԼߵˣԼӺҶľѾԼɽɰְĶ档
ԼʵôСְʵôǿûпǹıοɽҲһҪְƽݣһ̶ϣɽɺɽͬһսߵвµӵĿɿѡ
ųվһҶĿڶ֣ȴҶŵûȥġַǣһȺҶҪɱڡ
ټҶĸղǰǿĹ֮û˻ΪԼܹҶ߹һУＸʮҲ˼˵ֻǻӻֵ顣
οɽֲֻһҶģǿǻۼʶһֱɽϣûгֵѩĹصǽӰ湦ԼǾӲģûṦ˵½춼˲ʲǿӳô
ͬʱ½ʹṦҪܣȴǸͨɽɻӵҹһ˽ᡪɾǰ飬ôľȺ˾ֻǰһһĿ⻪ֻ½ʬڵϣλҹеĳһƯĽսʡ
ʱ򣬴˲ŷӦղǰȻ͵ĳһСҲûӦʲô飬ֻǾǰһȻҪܵ½ͨһڵˡ
еܹȥ½ʬ巭˹̾һֻ½أԵ˫ۣȻһȴֱϸ˿Ѫʱһ˲Żع½ȻСһ
ղ㿴ô
㿪Цôô죬ôܿ壿
Ƶ̸۴½ʬ帽ɢֽܵվǣЩ˵Ļ˶ԼĴһֱʶºִˣҸô죿Ӷ˵˵ʱŻתߡ
Ⱥ˲֪ʱҶĵĻһ㴫ɽ䣬ˡɲͣʧ֮λĪ֣
ֲ֣Ҷæˣ
ҵ̨׻µɵҶĵĻ֮˶Ӧתȥ·һͻᶪƵأֻգۼ䣬Ⱥ˾˸һɶ
˸⣬ҶĳһøոռĽʵһŶôһҺû˵
ȴҶĸղ£һȫʩΪѾһգһùϵһͬʱͷһԼʵĶ֣ԴҲľ࣬ʱ½Զƣ֮ʱϮ
ߣԼʦ־Ȼվԭδ뵽Ҷ˹ɱ֮ʱԳѾ֪ǶҶϰϼȫʩΪɣֻǰЩǰʹڹ̹ȥסҶģʦû°ɣ
޷ֻľе
Ҷһ뵽޼ɾ֮һ˴һȺһսüҲδйԼľ⣬ԼŴôһ󣬼ʮУȻѾҪվסˡ
һϼȫʩΪ̫ھΪȻɿ죬㲻Ǿ֣ؼûͨζ֮ǰҲ޼ĸְϢ
Щ⣬ʵϿԹ£һϣǾΪң취ҲˣֻҪҶܹϼɣͨζôԺ˶֣Ͳú½ٷˡ
ԼƴȫľھȴûܸɵԷʱԼܶܲˣֻĿŶԷԼŪĻʵ̫ˡ
ҪŬŬŬ
֮⣬ְʽȻȡ˲ʱ䣬Ҳǰ굽һ꣬ʱɽɾҪְʽƴˣԼܱ֤Ϊһ¥Ļɽɿɾ׶༪ˡ
ϾԼɱΤְ϶һԸԼҲҪΤʵĺΧÿְ׼ԼֱӾ;ɱ
ҶĹƣְѡֱɱĿܲ󣬱ϾְҲǵ½еŵİɣƾ˶ֱɽɣȥ
ĿܻɳһĸԼɽƴһһĽԼɱɽɡ˳˵˵ͬʱرҶĴɱȥš
ӦԵķֻԼΪһĶǳûκλɿʹ
ôɣҶܲŬѾʼµʵеƻˣһ׼ѩһڲƾɷչˣҪһ˵ʵ
õӽʬ崦ȻͥԺѪնһͬʱɽŽգĴѲڣæһкҶǻطָһŽ˾۵һ̸֮
ҶŽճֻ̫ˣ仰Ǳ˺þˣҶͼһΤʱЩֹ΢һԥҶľѾΤˡ
½챻ɱû̫⣬ֻҹʲôʱܵ½Կŵģ½ṦҲôԶľϱ˲׷ϻɱ
ֻһܾɫѾ½ԣֻ½ͼܵʱֱӳֱеС
Ͻأ׼ǾһԽΤȶĻΤҲʹɱֱ֣ӷȥͼľպл͵Ļᡣ
һֱҪҶΪô棬ȻֱӾͰѶԷˣ˵滰ĻᶼԷ
Ҷҡҡͷ֪˵ʲôְֻѾǶ֣֮ǵкãѵҽշȥͲѰɽɵ鷳ôȻǵˣ˵ЩͶˣ
ְʱ䣬øɽɸķչЩûҪϸ˵粻鶼
ȻȻǺͬҲѡж⡣ھһս֮ǰ뷨Ҳı˲١ûǹʲôӣʱʵʵһԼؿˡ
ǳԳݣһְܵк׷ϵѾɥʱˡȻҲǳԼĳ𾢳˶ñǺĸܽ⣬ºڵֻһС㣬ҲΪƽݵϵʿȥ
ȻˣҶѾְﶯֵĴˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷµѾǼϲòˣְ£ɽҲ֮ˣҪɽÿûǸ£
Ҷ־ǺõģҶҪãɱΤְܴܿܶɸֹ
ˣְĸҲվܵ۳ͶٵҪķѲʱգЩʱ㹻ɽһӦԴʩˣ˵ҶƳһ磬˼ϵʿڿһϵģǻɽǲҲñʾʾ
ҲǱοְﱾҪԸɽɣòҵɽǿԮ֣ѱ𣿸οҶĻо̬֮ȻˣϵվͻػɽȥҲʦֺú׼׼ְƽΪҲ֪ƽݲûܣ
Ѷ̾ʹԼͽ˳ȥԼʰ׼ҹɽϻػɽɣҲ֪ʱ䱦ȴǲܼȥˡ
һߣھֻʣҶġѩԼˣɽɱߵɽɼߵĹԱˡ
дйϵĵӵĻҲӦڳʱ겢ҶĲôͲٹһĻʼĦԼδСӻŬĺá
СѾͷҪСأ¼ҲǲҲûʲôáҪǣʱڶ޷ָսҪͽֵܷһЩΣ뻹ٹꡣ
ʦ֮ͲҪЩûõˣҶһھѩüͷϸߣΪҶ˵ʱûаŵȣеֱߵ
ϧҶĸû˼ȥѩʱĹ۸УɽְѾͬˮҺʦܽɱְҪְܿͻᱨǣ
ѩ͵˵ͷһǺɡΪǵ˱ɱˣҲᱨ
ֻҲ壬Ͼְȣ£ƽʵʵڵĲ㶪ģվɽߡοձȶҲְģȳֵҲǣҲã˭Ǽˣ
ְҪҪҵҪǾʲôͣѩ첻µز£Ͻһֱ½죬ͷ˶Էһ첲Ҳƽš
Ҳһ뷨ͷ͵ʦ˵ǣҲ֮ˣҪǽűǣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷǲں̬ȣֱӱŵĲӦУҪͷְֻۣ֣ⷬ´Ȼȫ׼ҲһΤĸ֣ԣǲòСӦԣ
ѩҲ֪µȷӦʵʦô죿
տʼٻеӣƽҲ׼ֱţȻʦÿնҪʱúý̵Ⱥһ̵ʱǵʵһأҶֽŵǼ˵ĹҲˣӽͬʱںú뿴ܹܲĵһ׺ʵڹǲУǱһϰϼ


090 
ϼ
ҶⷬһڣѩͶһϾϼҶѹ׵Ĺˣһ˵뷨϶ҪΪɽɵɾѧҶĲκˣֻΪŶеĹҲû˵ʲô
ϾɵУҪάţ˸ҪľѧΪԵ֣κһɵŶһ׶žѧЩžѧ඼ɵȱΪŻ߽Ҫ̳֮λĵ׼ġ
ϼ񹦣ѩôһҲΪԭҶڱʾԼ졯һǿڹʱ˭ûп˵ԼҪѧŹ
ҶľȻ˵Ҫ׹򴫸ˣǺǳԾ̾ͱʾʦֲؽ񹦴ң̸ֻʦˣʦָԺͳŷˣ˼ҴճһԱһˣ⹦˭νԼԼѰ˼·ӰɣҶĵŪһ΢书Ҳá
ͲѧѩԸѧǻе˼ɣѩ͵Ϊɿˡ
ʦֵĶҴǴӣҪ˵ҲֻѡһڼɣҴ֮ǰһҪٰ㿼죬ΪѵĵӲϰ
Ҷѩһһ۵ĺԼ˵¿ЦϼĪҪΪٹĵһڹ
ʦʦȴ޷Լ˲֪Լ֪ôԼЩ书Լϵָ
ƫƫؼûɿѭһŪǱӵɫѾ˺һڻڰв֪δǺãʱٽϣָϣеĲζ
мһ£ְõϢҲҪʮ죬ϾǵķֶɽزԼȥϢǶҲҪ·̡
ȻְõϢ϶һӻңⲻǹϵĻңӦĻңΪûܶԾİĶ˿϶뷨ʱ֪˷Ѷʱ䡣
ЩһɹʶֱӹɽĲ󣬱ϾΤôͻȻǱõԼʵܷܹһɱΤ½˵ɽɡɱ½ΪԲְõ׼ȷɽʵսϢ
ְûֱǰôҪһɽɵϸͬʱʵֱʾܶ档
ǰһѡҶĲ壬ΪְƽݷֶսޣȷҪְʱҶľɽھռⷽ鱨ˡְƽݷֶһûим½֮һλеԭṦ
ҪԸһЩȴҲΤԼȻ߾ȫ˷ϸɱΤ书ҲΤӦÿȲʤȯԣֱŪûᱻɽɸ
ôһ룬оҺһСBOSS
һѡҶΪпܵģϾ˭ɵϣֻҪ΢һɽɲǺöԸġôһʵ㵫ȴӵǿĿɽʱԼϴæǼû顣
κְܶƽʵйԶһһĵλ㹻·˷൱ʱˡǺųƹʱ籨ķɸ봫飬Ҫ˭Ҳҿֻ֤ϢĴݣΨһѡ˻ܶ汨š
˵ĻٶȻ첻һһع·ĵʱͲ֪Ҫϼ£ܶǱ߼Ӧٶٿ죬Ҳúúһ²ܾδ°ɣϾһ˴Բִܲٵһ䣺
˭ȥ
ȥ
ôʵľͽˣѡѡεķֶǴ£㹻ְһ
Ҷаһʱ䣡
ҲӦ취ŪɱѩȺȥ֮Ҷ°ʹߵ⣬Ͼͺ߳ӣνһǱ⿴ЩﶼôǿǿԭװЧ϶Ҫϲ֪ٱ
ҶĹƣܽߵߵˣѪȵôԼϼҲɵĹؿǸһ㣬ֱӴԲҲǲܡ
⣬ƤӦδȫԽƤ׵ߣֵھҲֹܷһЩ͵ϮƤӲȾûôǿҶľûлɹûС˵жôдôôļһһƤ϶ǵǹ
Ѿ߰ƤΣκʼû뵽ӦζԸߡȲ˵ǾߵʵΣǺҲҶܹġ
ಫҶڵƺϼҲҶİԹƣڵԼҲǺдһӣʱٳĻͻῪʼֵ˺Ϯ֮뿪ôԼܿܶںн
ƫƫǾǴмҶܵںǾ߶˺һȻҡͷԵľҶĸϽɾûһ㶯˼һζҪǿŹˡ
ô죿
ҶѰ˼ԼҪںжӰ죬ҲҪϼɣﵽϼȫܶʼ಻ĵزСĻһѭõߵܽϼߵɡֻϼɲսߡ
ѵֻܿԼϼ߾磿
ϼΪսҶԽԽû⺮غͺԼǺߵߵԼܽϼʲô̶ȣ
Ⱥ磡
ʵҶҲ֪ԼʲҪΪʱ̫ȴǿлţֻܱƵͣ취̵ʱԼΪ
һҹ֮ôͣ˼йȥ
һӣҶڵĪ߶ǲǵУÿγҲҪ˽顣
ͬʱʹ˸ɽھֵȥ˷ţʱشְĶͬʱеϵͣɢְﰵЩ£
ʵɽھԼĹϵ鵽˲ְ飬ȻְԳ棬Ǻܶìͷֱָ׵İɣЩһȥ㲻̴ְӽʧҲܴ
ҶĵĻ˵ǣְӪߵаȥǿǵֽǱѳֻ֣Ҫְߵ棬ôɽɾվס˽ţ㲻һһ㣬ҲҪȽְߵЩܵĲаλϣ㲻⵽֣Աɽɱа˵ľ
ְĶԾʼڵ̨֮ҶľͿʼͣʩչֶΣΪԷһİʹ˳ҸͲְﷴӦʱ䡣
ΤɽɽžĴŲŴطֶ浱УְƽݵؽΪ˵ĴԾѾԭҰһ㴫ƽݣǽˣһЩƽҲ֪ƽǸĴﰵһӵĻˮ֪˶ٻ£˶ƽݰգһ²ְԭΣƽݵ½Nٷֵ㡣
ϣҶĳַ˷ǿҥԴھڵʱԴϢߵĳأĸջ˶࣬Ȼطװص̸ְΣƫֽ˵Ĵ˼㲻ȥҲһ
ͬʱԼǼ仹ؽмջҲÿһЩϿˣСڴкͬʱҲ᲻Сĵ˵䣺˵ʲôʲô𣿲֪Һ˵Σ󻹼һĪ˵
ʵ֤Ǿ仰֮Ϣ죬ְֶ治֪룬ڻΤѶǼٵʱƽݷͻ¼
гͻ¼һְڣһЩʲô˶УɽھֵֺʦҲһЩûʲôϵǺĳǣȥƽݽʿ
ҲְһЩ̸ԼɣʱͦԺΪԼҰɼҴƴ˶̸ۣû뵽ԽԽԽԽջԽԽżһЩ侲ƽʱҫ˵ȻȥˣӵһЩȽϾĺ
ֻܶڶְ۸мΪ⣬ְв˵ЩѪյϰ֮Ȼܲ
ǺģССĳͻƽݸݡְӮ˵ġһְֶв壬˴ɱڣ֮Ĵԡ
Ҳְӱ˵ģֻΪְ·ûκͬƵҲ˸ӷְĴٲöһҺ˵ְԱǡмְĹȣұ췴ҽѵһͨơ
ʱ򣬺ųƽݱؽǿĻɽɷһݴ¾ǱЮͽ֮ʱְﰵ޳ΪɽɶְȻһͨյİɺǲܣɽɽְκνͬʱųƾְƽݣƽݰһ̫ƽ֮Ļ
˷һƽָ
ǰҥԵʱ򣬻һЩ˻ɴ˻ʵԣڻɽֱվ˳и̧ƽţֱӱʾְ֮Уһ¸ǽְƵ˷˼֮ϡ
ֱʱְƽݷֶʣµʶѾܴˡһŪãƽݷֶĻᱻƽݣְѾĲڴ˵شµĸһһصܶͻƤдһ
ʶһ֮Ҳȥ۾ֱɱɽǵܶ淽ָʾˣֱӾ½ȨɱɽΪһ仰ҲҲû
ҥڻ
ʱҶÿյĹΣһָŵӵһɭƽֽһЩĻ㱨
һϢը紩Խ׺ܶʱֻҪ΢Ʋһ£ͿԵõǳõЧҲܶΪʶԭ벻ҶĵԴȴźܶܶ߰㲢֮õļƲߡ
ְѾصҥԸ˲ֻһ֣ҥ߱ǿĽʱƽݸصҥͲҶĵɢȥǵ㶫ˣ׶̶֮ȣȫдһϵĺڰС˵
ԼɢҥԣŽһ¶ѡ
ʱְﱻԼЩҥڵĿ಻ԣ޷ʱΤɱһµӦԴʩΤôĶûܲסְֶڲɽɵʵûһȷʶ۸һϢˡ
˵ҶĵġսѾﵽԤڣְæңΪɽȡ㹻ʱ䣬ͬʱҲְȫĴ˵µ·紦ʱ̸ΤҶɱʱǴƽ˶Ằһɱĺãɽɲƽݱصɣ˵Ϊһļһȷɱ
ͬʱһεҲҶʶʱĽȻռƸߵ㣬ȴӦǵۣЩɺôʲôʱʱһɤӿںţνаЩᣬӾͲ˭Լ㷢һõȥơ
ôɽھģ־ڱУͬʱмջҲҪͶʹã
ȵмջ£ƾһҵҶľͿԼɽԶվУ


091 ƽȷչ
Ҳ֪ǲҶĿʼϹʺˣڽԼɰ˵Ƹߵ㣬ȻְһͿ֮ɽɵӹ൱ƽȡ
мջھװ֮ѾҵΪĹϵӶɽɵǼҵַһЩ𲯲֮ĵһЩҲ˵ʾ
ֱʱҶĲ֪ԭûǮСѾȺһϻ̲ˣҵزƲ˷һɾ󻹽ҵһ͵Ҷϡ
һʮĶĲҵˣ
õһʮĶصҶЩһǳûԼ޸ϵΪûֱҶĽӹĹְֵֶɱɣЩͬʱЩҲʾԸ¿ǹӶɽӵλ顣
ϧҶĿǵ»ҪְЩҪ󡣲ǱʾɽɵӲ࣬ʲôֶҪѧ䣬ȫ͵ɽ
飬ЩֻЦŴҪǿǣϧҶȴȺϺ֪ɽںְͬˮָʲôʱһսԼֶǲǵƽô
ãƷѵûʲôҪеģҶĵɽܹ׽ְܣɽƽݵĵλȶȺϺŻῼǰʦԱ㽫ԼҵĲҵɽɰһ
Щ˵˼ҶĲûƣЩίһɽԼɵ顣
һССҪҲмջȻѾͶ뵽װȥ˱ȴҪҶĹĿģҶĲϸֻǴһ֧ʽȴҪߡ
ϸǶѩʦٲȻһɽɲܹܵļƣȥ˵ҲͶá
ͬʱƽѾʽҶ£ʦСһúõĹһѳͷűԼʮ˹Լʦ֣е㺦еɬǸɸɴƽ񡪡ģȵǴС˳
ƽǸϡɵȴ쳣ǿɭҲţΪЩʱɭµģɽɡɽھ֡ɽԺԼмջлϵһϢԼ񶼱ľҶľӦúýһΪ֮ӣԾͽһš
ֻƽͬǣɭ͵£λСڽҶĽŪһ֮˽ͽܵȤǰЩӾ;ȥ̵ŵӹҶ˲٣һͺúõ¶һ֣ŵҲܸ͸ָ
˵һྫнѾһЩԼļ⣬ָҲģŵǼ˶˶࣬书ٵ
˴ɭܹ£ͻɭ⣬Ψһˬľǵڶûչͽܵѩ
ۿűԼŵͶ˴Уɽһûеӣ´ΪˬǼŸŵøŵƽԼɭԣλʦͲǺƢأ
ԳԷ̸ʱǴҲҳλʦ
ͽܣȻҪ̵ɭҲᣬӺһ¾ǽѧϰɷ罣ݺݵһͨȻͷβһһʽ½̵
͹̬Ļ˵ǣȰɷ罣ڽģԺѧղȥɽɵ棡
Ҳ˵ɭʹŵϰƽվҶǰȴǻĲþΪҶĿһˣȴһֱû˵ƽаĪǲСʦ
ȴ֪ҶΪƽӦηչͷۣΪƽģһڵ棬ȭŹϡƽĺܣҶЩѾƴӣǽԡ
Ҫ˵ԼˣǺѩСһȣƽȭϵĽٶҲ硣
һ廢ŵʹû磬ơȻƲϵңҲж֮Ҷڱϸؽ廢ŵԼʱ˽˸ҲûϸϰҪԼһЩ񵶷ɣѾÿžǾڰŪˡ
һȲʱѾñյеĲˮҲ˵ףҶ̽˼ڲҶûнҶµǽ˼ڣŲҶԼ˼·һЩһЩſڡ
һ书ҲҪн㵽ΪʦһȻӶЩզЩԽΪǵżдʵϣΪʦڵһֻ漰㲻Ͼͨ
˵ɹվƽ֪Լ˵ǲ𻰡
ҹԵһ;м⣬⵶Ҳ߳һ·ֻΪʦһ޷̫½ǰ㣬ξ񣿡
ƽƾʦţ
Ҷûֱ˵ֻǼΪʦڹһ;ж֮κ书ڹΪξڹȴǲضǵģ
ֻŹϣΪʦóǽƫǰѧǵ±ҪΪʦѧǼе
һҶȴǲ棬ϣƽܹԼѡһ·ֻƽԺԾָԺߵʲôزǾͲҶܹܵ˵ˡ
ƽ㶣ԼʦΪһֱΪѵĿԼԭԼһѧʦŹȻǲͬ·벻Ϊ廢ŵҶĶȻǾֱͨУվȻŸʦֻýõǵдģҪѧǻԼϹ
ֻǣƺûͽİɣʦʲôͽѧʲôԼѧҲΪʱ̵ֻ̹ǰЩʱգҶĽƷҲһѧֻ֪ΪǰԼƷϵĽٶҶĺǵֻֻۣǶԵԣĹҪһнⷬԻ
뵽˴ʱʦʲôӱѧʲô
ɽɵĵûѵԼҪʲôѧʲô֪𣿡ҶĲϲӦ棬οƽֲǰӣԼ࣬ʱԼʤƽһԼͽǷǳŤ顣
Ҷĺǳ⣬ƽ֪ܽʦ⣬ǼţɾҲڴˡҪ˵Լ뷨ʦ
ȥһҧֱ˵ʦĽͽѧ⵶Ҳ
Ҷĵһû뵽Ȼôһ䣬΢һ㶣ʵ㶼Ҫ
ƽ룬ᶨĵ˵ͷ
һµǴҶϣҲûʲô׷Żжǻؼֵءϲã־Ȼ㶼ѧΪʦҲұ㴫㽣ڵȴҪԼˣ˵ֵ·ôߣˣҪ¸๦
ƽ˵ͷã
ҶĻ˻֣ȻȥɣǵÿĪҪϰҴڹķϾǿˣ۵нвǿᣡ㣬پ˲Ҳã
ǣ
һ˵һ䣬ƽѾ˳ȥӣҶͻȻҲӻΪһľϲ
˫ô·ɲôߣƽɹˣǶɽɴΪ⵹Ҷڼġ
ƽ⣬Ҷÿÿҹæڴ飬ͬʱҹעƽֵı仯ɽھֳΪҪ鱨Դɽɵҹɽھֺɽ֮شһЩش鱨ǻֱùɽ档
֮⣬мջΪһЩϿͻʱżҲܵõһЩϢҶÿ춼ҪЩϢְսӣͬʱչԼɡ
ϣҲҵÿնȻ֮֮⣬ȥڸվһһΪ˹۲ߣǲжϾǶɢĺԶԶǿĺء
жϣҶĿʼԸıݺصλãһһڴֻںԶ˵ˮȴѾ߹֮һľ룬붴ڸˡ
ˮеĺԽǿҶĵϼΪ˵Ⱥٶȼһ࣬ϼƽͣҶĵľֱӻᱻͻݻ١ֻôĻȴܳʱϰһʱҶľ͵óʱٳͲɱˣ
ǿ⺮غеƴʽܹʱҶĵϼֽһҶĿԿ϶ԼϼΪԳȺ̸ģֻҪԭȺϼΪϱ鲼ͬʱʹ֮ʱҲơ
ٿҶģʱϼһ𣬲ϸ첲Ҳһ޶Ҳˡͬʱ»˿˿ƮЧҶĺǾȡ
ϡ棬ԭк书Ч˵еĻһЩǿı̬ĹԼϼµΪԴﲻǸ磡
²ҶΨһ뵽ĺ;ԪҪЩС˵еĳԣֻҪڹﵽһ̶ȾԪı仯Խ书Ϊﵽһ̶һ֣󡪡ԼΤ硣ͬʱҲԼΪΪʲô٣ҲǿһЩ
ۿɲô
Ҷڵóô²֮;úƣΪԪԣҲʹ书ҪԼԤϵĻҪ߶ˣЩľֲ֪ҪﵽʲôĲΣһֲּ֪ʲôľ
ԼֻǻһЩЩֻԪɱУǳ˵ˣ
˵ǣҶûƵĴԣһ־Ŀֲֻͣڲ²Ľ׶εС
뵽ҲǾʮϽˣûжԼ˵ĸǰֲƣܹԪҲֻǺһ֣ʽϴӰЧʵɱӦǺ޵ĲŶԡ
΢οһԼҶֺԼϼɣʲô󣿻ΤնԾԼȫ֮Ƶİƺɫ
ĪϼԺ
˿Լϵĵֲ²ƺпܳΪʵ
Ҳͦã಻ף߽һţҲҪص㿼ǵģϾϲˣ˧˵ͨ¿֮ᱻ˱ӣΪʵ̫Ӱˣ
ɢȥϼҶĿŲԶվŵѩڵԼȥúʦüڽʱһʱ˾ͻСǸƽ̨Ϻţһ˳һ˲Ż
չԼЩʱ䣬ѩ²Ž鿴ġ
ʦˣ
ţ
ǹˣ
£ҶҲٴٻ˵ǣȻĽٻڹǡó߸ɴͬһ֣ȴѩһףһףʦü˸ϰһڹЩʱգҶڹѩҲһ޶
ʦѩ΢¶һЦݣʦָҵڹ棬ȴҲΪŶûأ
Ҷĵ˵ͷⲻ֣ʦҪŹʦעظȴͬʦŹΪ⣬ǿᣬƾһʹ㷨ţȻĽʦߵһ֮ھܹÿž


092 ϰ
ҶѩΪ˵ԼҪһŵ۶ˬı飬ֱʩʩȻ뿪ȡ
ʵϣΪѩܹһʱ佫Ѿʲı֣Źķӳ̶ȣɲҲʲôֵ顣
ϾŹԭǺųʷǿ̬жķܹһڹʹκ书ʽҽ˷ֱ治ٵʹŹΪ鷳ʮֵĿߵʡ
ԭУװдŴյӵʱʮֿʣʲ߸ͲΪӡ
ȻһҪòɳ˧ŮҶĵǾɵĴʦ˼ͽܲʳڻҪò׼ҲǽжһݵĴˡ
ɾңɣҶƷٻڹǺųң湦֮һС๦
ʱõⱾڹʱȵĲ鶼ӵΪ书ͷ֮ûмû
ͬʱԭ׹һǶ֣ˮң֮һΪǿ
ԭˮֳսѾ˴󲿷ֵĶ֣˵ʹʹѾΪκ˼˶η
ҶıԤƣԼҪõ񹦣ҲϼԺ󣬿û뵽ȻھͱٻˣǿҵķΪԼõĸͲԼ֪ǱС๦
Ҳֻͬ
ϸ֮ԼˣⱾС๦ȷԼ֪һͬʱڹۿؼͬʱҲΪԼܹõⱾؼ
ֻĿ⼯ˮս棬ȴˮѾӽһ֣Ů˼һ󲿷־棬ӽһۼͨڹҲۻһ൱ֲˣοС๦൱ķ
⣬׹ڻҲֻΪҶĵΪﵽϰ׹ҿŵĳ̶ȣ˵ھӵ׹ɺ൱ս˵õڹҲ֣ȫķܹϰϼȴΪѾϼ൱
ϵԭУˮƺͿʼڹʱˮΪܻԼǿأ
еؼٿһٻõĴ޼ƺκһġڹ⹦ʽǺ׳µģһСڹͻ߻ħ޶ûطȥ
ˣʵʵһһҵϼɣ˵ʱòеɾ˵ϼתŹʵеòʧ
ѩͺ˹Լ³дؼһţ׹ĴԽһȻд󲿷ֻﶼ˵ɲ꣬˵ܶණԼ²ġ
ԼѡǸԼĽ飺ʵҽһҺŪⱾС๦޼ȻҲǲκʵڲС๦ϣ˾ΪսƼԼΪõѡ
κȫûǰ뷨;ȻֱӾ˴޼˵⹦ĺθڣұˣС๦̫鷳ʵƲף
Ҷļô˵ҲֹֻǳѩһоС๦ʱ͵͵˾䣺ʦܣ㻹֮ͯôҶĲ²⣬ҹӼ㻹ûгɻ飬ҲͯˣϾЩѾŮǲ٣ָĸͱүүиץȥů˱ѡ
ͯⴿ޼㲻ʺˣҶ仰ɫŹֵ׹ԼʦΪôʡ
ⴿ޼ھԶʱһ־澭ԼʮѧԼҵڻͨһ湦ȻԾΪģȴ˾񹦵ķԳһҡ
ʱԶʱڳΪСΪֻͣǵʮ֮һȴΪһ֮ͯƣڴ֮ʢϵҵشŹ򽲾Ҳһ֣˴Źţǵͯϰɡ
Ȼ֮һ֮ɢʱȥҲûʲôӰģҪǰ㾳磬ûмʮҲ²ǸҲͦѵġ
ʵҲǲɲֻ֮ɢݲմȾʣȴǲԭҲɡ
ЩؼûдµģҶеġԭ桯ȴϸĽ⣬ҲΪһҶ˴˹Ҳţʱͷӵ֪ԼСΪȻҪԾͷҪֱɱɽһٹչҶĺñӾ֮
˵ɻ䣬̰Сʦܷ뵽ûǺٺһЦ˹⣡ʦĪҪ˵ˣʦʦܵĻϲأнڸ׽Щ¶ˣ
һô˵ҶƵĲͷȥײǽⴿ޼Ǵⴿ뵽ôڣֻû뵽ⴿ޼ôɻ䡣ԭ׼ӦдߴµĻѻֱӳ滰ԼЩͨѧĺҲҲκ
ǱƵؼᣬҶƵӣ;ԼѪĳ嶯Ҷ·𿴵үӴɱɽԼ˵ľ
ͰɽɺҲûôܣүֻС̰棬ȥתһתͻʹʱɽ򿴿飬үҲͲ統ôˡ
͵ɽϾˣ˵ﻷҲ߶ţ
һ˵үӵ£ֱ˵һ䣺书ôôҲֻȥֻͼֺǣҪȥһʱԼʶжԼͻˣ
ϷʱʱĴͷ磬үͰǾ㲻ǻ˸һɶϷڵҶҲͻؼҿҳߵʦͺͼ»ָ˹ϵ
ֻǻָϵʱʱͻµ飬үӸ׿ڷųǸϽ׸ӣôʲô㣡Լ͸¶ͿɰԼԺ²ȥϿҲ⡣
ֻȴٰѣջҶ˵˾䣺ҵǱˣĳףǲҪڼôʱɻҪƾҵڲҲŲôɵأ
һ˵ҶĿЦãүˣֻѡսʵҶ֣ҲǣҲǣֻһԿ֣ڡ
û뵽ǣԼһڣ͹һ¥뵽ȻôⲻԼӻô
ܹ黹ûȥ
ȵȲֱӾͿʼ֮ҶҪֹѾֻڣȻʼָѩϰС๦
ָʦʦѧϰµڹһ򵥵ĹҪΪϰµĹ˶󲿷ֵʱͶ뵽Уе鶼ҪҶȥ̵ӹЩʱջҶһ
һҲûջ񣬲ʱָµӻعԼǰĻҲаҶͽе̶ȵ˵ĵľǻο
ָϵĻҲΪһְ취ɣϻҪѩײͬĸڹԼҲ˶ڹϻࡣ
С๦ϸ΢ݣģ㷨ţзʽǧĥžѩҪͷƤץơ
ãʶĻͻаٰѣοС๦ּΪǿɵڹ
ÿҶĵϼҲΪǿأԻܹæС๦УҶҲõϼһЩͨĵطʱףµļ⡣
ʱҶĵΪȻû˴ΪҪ涯Ҫ֡
ȷҶĴʱΤɺʱͬڹΪҪɱΤҲҪһǵúľʱҪʮȥ飬þŷ֡˷߷־Ϳˡ
ĪҪС𣬱ϾҶĴʱΪȻͣǿǵϼһļֱˮһ״ܹʡһǶشͻơ
Ⱥƽʱϼֻйؼʱ̲ôһ£ͿԵ֪ŹĶôֲκǷϼȫսҪγ̡
ǰҶȱָȫƾһעؼԼ򣬶ڹⶫҪͨ͸ֺʶֲ
ʶô˿ۼ⣬Ҫƾ࿴ߣԼ˸ӸؼøҶʶĻᡣ
С๦ѧϰʹõִӴ޼ѧεԼĴϾҶҲŴ֮أȻ޼㴿֮ԴΪգεھǱġ
ֻСһһ߻ħľȻ˵߻ħҲһᵼڹȫʵʵûĵӣһҹһһġ
ʱʦ˲ͣһţգ¹ȥˡ
ѩС๦ЩͷԼڿʼͰС๦Ų֣ʲôʱɣҪʺͻԵˣ˵кԼߵΪı֤ѩǲԼ޷񹦡
ͣڣȻԷԼҵҲһЩ˽⣬޼ûκɬϳˮһƷһȻѾСɡ
ҶĺƣʦĪǴǹ⻷ļһϸ룬Сɽճͷõҷòûڹǣһķǡ÷ϰֱǷһ㡣
Ǹغ׹׵ĹܣҶĶϵԼһϼתĳ嶯ˡ
ֻϼòɾ͵ʵ᲻ã˵һ䣺СӴô죬Īʮģ
ʦֵĵ٩ͻȻΪ⣬ǶԼһдšԼͻƣʼϰһ׸ɵŽһѶѵˬ
ȻӦľүӵıŭٴν͸ҼţҸҪϷ˶ϰԼСˣͲûֱӵֽүдԽ͸ϳҡ
ԼķŭͲ⣬ĻǹЩʱջȥһˣ˵ȵ˵ԵʱԼϾһ˲ˣ
ҪȥμӵԣҶĿ֪ʦǶôĲȥٵġ׼ô
һΪӣֻȥû˵ҪУӦһ¾ˣ
͵ĻҶһȻ˵ӣүƺҲƲ磬ļ򣺡㲻㸸ɲϷŹ㰡οܲμӵԵĻиޣӦĹȥģ
ƺ뵽Եȷǳһ󣺡Ǿ㿼һΣȻ֮ǰǹٲˣһκ˶޻˵ˡп⽭ˬ죿
˵ȻˣһֱָҶѨȴҶǰЩʱᵽһ뷨ŪһרѨĽʱѪ־һУʦ֣㿴һΣ
Щʱƺо׽оħʱʱͻôһ£ҲΪ⣬ͻȻһȴޱ仯ȴǵС๦֮ݵĸӵӦˡ
ͻȻͻȻˣȴ˱仯ҪӦѣһȻ׼ֱһģ͵ĳžһҲá


093 
ͶԼĽбҶƽһҲ⣬Щʱ־Ѿ֪˶ٴΣö֮ҲͲô̫ˣӽԼĽ
𵱳ԼʦָԼὨʱ˵ҪʮУԴʺţΪһҪʮС
ʮֱȽϺ
һ͸ͷԣΪʮ߽һ˽ûʲô𡣶һһԼĥط㽣ʱΪͬҶֻôһ뷨ûиԼκν飬ǰԼιιжѡ
ʦ֣뷨ô࣬ôͲһʦң˰һжûڳ²ЩƣֱӾԼʦҶĶѧĴֱµһûжٽĲҲ֪һŹǶôˣԼλʦ֣óһ׵Ĺ
ȻҲûԼʦǴӱĵطõģҶԼԼʦһȥĵطҲôؼȡ
Ȼ֪ҶĵؼϵǸָ֮ϣôҲһ༫õСָʵǲ֮˵ĹҲ˵˵Ȼ滳ɡ
˼ȥֻܵóһۣǾҶⴴѧţʼɵ֡ʵûʲôܹҶһһ书ؼˡ
ϧҶθûٻʮԼĵôһŽҲΪԼͻȻôŹ˳һ˵ѡܹĵôԼλʦܵʵܻٴһЩԼҲԴֽһЩʵ
ϾྫڹϣϲڽʶѾʼ߳Լĵ·ǵȽҶҪѷɫԼλʦܡȻҶʹϼѹˣ޼Ž׶εӦġ
ôһʮҶĳԼΪιУͰﲻκæڽֵʱżУ̽һǷУȻĵ׹
Ƭ̣ƽԼʦѧϰˣ
ҶΪܸõĽ̵Լ⼸ͽܣ涨ÿնԼѯһЩϵ⣬ûҲ˵˵ԼĵáҶҲһҪԼӵЩǽԼһЩ뷨ǿӲĹԼͽܣǹԼֵĵ·ǰ
Ȼߵ̫ᣬҶĻǻʵĽһЩ䵼;֮ϣͱƽЩĳС˵лɽһЩ˵·ע仯ʾҶǲǿԼڹϰʱ䡣
ƽڹϰķѹ򣬶ÿôʱȴֻһС㣬Ȼ罫ʱһѹʱͶ뵽ȥ
ҶԴ󾪣̵Ϊ书֮˵Ļ뷨
ƽԼʦƺ̹Ǿڹÿϰ๦ȴҲֻһȻһ㣬ôɴٵһʱ߰ʱڹӰ첻󡣶ҽʡЩʱ仹ϰʽż򣬷ܶʱʵ
Ҷ̵վһʱӰ첻ôҲͻðʱҲ֪࣡ˮʯ֮ڹôһһεĻ۵вģ˶㼱ɣûڹĴˣ
ƽһѵ⣬ҪÿϰڹʱʱΣһβ׼£
ȻһӺҶҲ֪ҪĵһζǿѹǸĽ֪֮ԼĽԾ͸˸⡣
ΪʦЩϾ䣬Ҳ㿼ǹ֮滹Ϊʦ뵹һͬʱʹõԵеĹ򡣿ֻһ뷨ܲܳȴҪԼĥ
ŴԣһһֱųĬһͷۣһʦˣôʦԴϡŹֵ뷨ôأ
Ҷȴûأ˷ܵĺԼͽ˵ŷӱҲûʲôϡ棬ȡ˸ɣֻҪͬʱʹñУȴвҪ󣡡
ƽԼʦƺҪԼĹҳһ֡
ŹҪʹһʹһʹֱʹõнн湥У
һͰ۷ĸʲôһʹ׹ˡֻл֮Ϊ鷳Ͼ·ͬ˴֮䲻ӡ
ƽȴʲôãֻǾһʹһʹײͬ·ĹһʹӦ֮ǷӦ޵֮¡
ȴҶĻûֱֵֻ꣬ʹĹིʱʹУʹֻǻﵽɵɽľǲֻдﵽ̶ȣŹɾͣ
һڲˣԴȴϸ˼ҶĵǼ仰
ɽɵ˵ףó㹻һЩӲ˽ԼˣԴ˶ԵС
ôʹóʹǺѵһ£ҪΪ̬⣬ôƺɱǷֺõ顣
ֻûпڣ֪Ҷıضġ
ȻԼͽƺҲеԻҶڽ⿪ţĪҪɻ󣬴˹ھҪֻʮ֡ɵɽǽǵ
һ̻ȻʣŹľڣ°һԼʦֹȻԴ˼룬ȻһԿԼʦֶʮֿھ
Ͳ²ƽҪʱƽҲǰһֱӾԼʦԾ⡣
˵⹦ԵʹСʹлжĿɱǷϱ·нǧ򻯼ֻƣ˵ʤҪԭ֮з
ƽΪǹǱееɱҲڡС֮ϣΪ񣬼Եʹɿγɱǵôһ±룬ɱﵻǽǽǵ⼸ϣ
Լʦһƽ뿪ȥˣһջķᣬõʦһ꾡ָ㣬ֵõһױʦзȻ⹦ҪԼȥ򣬵ֻҪɣԼܸһ㣬ϰ֮˵֮Īڴˡ
ҶģԼͽܺƽԶȥıӰ졣ûַǳ޳ܵһŹ
зȻͻȻһģ˵һͻȻôһ׹򻹲١
Դоȹ׹Ȼûؼļھȴ书ľҪڣֻҪ֪⼸ھҶֻҪһͿԽ湦ɽկ
Ҳ᲻ֻͬҪҪϣôڡз֡
ʵҶҲֻ뵽ôһ׵ͬ޵书κξֻ⹦ͬʱҪҲװ׵ԭд˳
ĺö๦Ȼдĺţƣ֪ôȥЩ򾿾ǸʲôӶûͷҲ޴ѰǿǵԼƺҲûôΪŪ̫ǿ书ûѧᣬԻŪһİɡ
ڵáڵռ
߶ţҶĿѩԼǰʦ֣һˣȴѩոմɽ»ֱӾԼʦִкˣֻʵڲơ
Ѿͷľûƽ
ԴѩõС๦ÿ޲ֹκŹ̫ûϸϸָ㣬ҶȻ˺ܶæϰչҪԼûŲ֡
ۿԼʦֵϼսԼͬʱԼһ¹ʦܶСɣֻԼ׶ϲôѩһһѻ
κ¸ԽżԽӰҶĲ̬ԺֱȥɽȥѲɽɸҵȥˣϣ侲ټùڼӶ߻ħ
Ϊ⼸չȥôҲƽĽˣڿȴûҶԸ
֪ѩЩӿһֱڹעƽݳְֶĶʱһһţԽԽóְƽ˹ķӦǱǰϣܹԼʵðɵС
һɽɱŵʱΪԼɽŶסֻĿŵԼǰҫһΣҲϴôһˡ
ֻⷬûжκ˵ҶľֻǼ͹ޱ˳ʦľȻʦܱȥ²ˬѡȴûнⷽȥ롣
ʵϣְķӦҶҲ΢е֣Ϊʱʱ֮ڣûиеǡ
ԴĴɢҥԺѾֹ£ʱЩҥȻȴҲ統ʱôֻͣǲĵطȴԽԽ㣬дƽȫ֮ơʵѾȥ˲١
ְһֱûжҲЩҥйϵְܶڽӵϢʱѾвҥְϣһҪȽЩҥԶסƽݲܣҲЩձȫ
ƽԲܣΪƽʵְһʱܴ죬ҲûְܹﳹȥǸصɽɱǵķֶһ
طְͬطķֶֻǶĴڣضһЩٹ̵ĴɣǱЩץסᣬôְò׷չܿһ٣һҪȽЩطס
ǻְû̾ʹƽݵ飬ȶסطķֶ
ȻҲȫɽɣϾɱԼһȻ֪õʲôӣɵΣŵ书ֵʲôΣְһ㷴Ӧ׽ӢСԼ
ְܶڳȶס˾ƺɳһдɽɵ飬Ҫʱȸɫƣ
Ȼʵһᣬ˳Ҳ޷ƽЩףְﲻǺǵģ
ŰķԸְĴ֮һĹŭżھ·ΨһƵľԼⷬл񣬻öһȦܸȥƽݡƫƫܹ˵ƥ֮ڳ͢ƷԼֻѡ˳Ҳ߸ɴͿԼһ˫ߵƽȥ
ģ˭÷ǵý֪׼ɵʮС檵𣿡ȻֱԹɲҵŰȥ˵ֻ˽͵͵˵ϼ䡣
ھ¥ƾƣԼ½ϵǸѾͷһϸ۵ļԼԼƵһ뵽յ龰ϻһȣȴΪԶֻƾһӲȥ
ˮ䣬ͻȻһ߽ãƺҲԷŭһˣͻȻʲôһת̼ͷкλĪµĳṫң
һ㶣תͷƼŭӦǣɫΪưƺûŭС
ŭаգȴЦ糣£¾ĺܡ¹һ
ṫȴû𻰣ֻһƣõѾǱͣû˿λֻйŭȽϿգԵˣлˣϧ⻰ȴûл˼ɲ䲻ȵģʵա
ˣŭҲû׽£ȵṫһʱͽԼõĻ˵˳ǰЩƽݻɽйͻ֣֪Ƿȷд£


094 Ӻľͷ
ŭһ䣬ṫֻ֮һƲЦĪëѩ޲ɣ
԰գּ˵һ䣺ˣҲٷϻǳȥȻǣ
ŭôôˣԭ书ǿӦǸçŶԣȻǼ治
ţЦȴɲ䣬ңְĳϣǻɽɿûʲô飡ֻǡ÷˰֮ҪȥƽݴЩ£ԶƽݵһЩЩȤ
ˣֻԴһת̾ô¡ƽְֶ뻢ɽ˳ͻҲţųְﳤϵ˰˳Ҫȥƽݴµġֻ˺סԼҪʲôĪǻ뽫Լ
ṫǱ߰˼Ȼûд𻰣ŭ״ֱ˵ӵҲ书˷ǰȥǺüʶһ
ŭû˵꣬ṫЦëһǳһƣûеȴҲӣʱûóȫֻëϡƽĺܣ޷ҵĳ𾢣
˵˴ɫǵ⣬ϵʿΪԼһ϶ȫȻġȻǵԼô˾Ҫñɱ׼ϵʿûеѾˡ
ŭһ㶣Լţ˺϶˱ɣԸûȥϵʿ顣
ƽݵشЩƫԶܶϢԭ󶼻᲻꣬ͱ绢ɽɱʾۼְε飬ԭʿ֪٣˸ֻ֪иɽɵĳϳ֤˭ȴ
һ߽ƽʱΪΪ߰ûʲôѣϢǴΧ;˵Բ֪δȴҲ֡
뵽˴ŭһҲ̻һ֮״֪ô
ţ
һƵĻɽɵʿû
ŭһṫɫ̴䣺ܣ˵ԺƺΪ˵أԵϵʿһھڸͰԵһ·ȻΪȴԶĳ𾢣Ī˵ھ⣬ǵֵҲҴǵʿڵĳȻ࣬ȴҲϵʿֿܵ˵ģ
ճ㣬ϵʿ֮󲻳һҲ˱ж뵽վȻ˸Լͷûһĺܣβ
ֻһ֮󣬾뵽һܣǾб˳־Ǹͷ
ûṫ˵ŭ˵ϵʿɽ֮;ɽ֮ˣְ˲֪ɽֻ֪֮ɽ֮һΪɽָΪӡɽɽµʯؽ磬ɽҶĸ£κһˣ
ⶼְ̽Ϣ෽֤֤ʵʵϾҶڿջǰõ˵龰˶
ṫһ˵ֻϺ˪鲼Ƭ̺Ȼ¶һЦݣ˵һ䣺ҳҪɱҲҾȣֱӱΪ
ŭṫô˵´ϲɿ𣺡Ǿǣ˭֪֮˵ˣɽҲҳ־£ûһṫʱᱩףɽƲƣȻԼоͿƽ׵һǿԮԼͳһҪССɽɻ׾٣
ֻδϵԼһڣṫҷƽŹŭһ䣺ְҲʲôö˵ô࣬豾ֳ֮ɽɰˣ
һ˵ֱޱȣڼüƵĹŭβѡ
ĻƣֻṫҶС˵װЩ⣬ٽˮҹŪֱң
һָŭСǮȫϣԺĪҪҪǮ
СԿ˿ŭˣһ˻˻֣˵˾䣺հǣһӦĿϣСתȥ
СȥæṫӲĵҲռˣкҲҪҰԸɽɣҸҲ쾭壬ʲǰƣҲ͵ûˣ
ŭԴϲԸͬȥƽˣ
ṫһ˻֣ǰ˵
ǡŭ治Źȴ书׵ĳǸʲô˼ˡ
ȥɽͬУʱǡСˮҼһӦùӹֱӾվҵҪʲôļһȻҾ±Ԥȡ֮ˣ
˵۹ŭȴʲôҲ˵תֱӴ󲽶ȥֻգۼͳ˴ţһתȴûӰ
ŭȻУȻֱӾҪɱɽȥ²һӣ
ͬʱԺҪȷӱ־룬ǶŵߡῼǣʲôʲôļһԸƫ书ǿ֮һһ鷳ۺ塣
ˣȥɽɵ鷳ҲǴﵽĿģ
ṫֱӽɽˣô֤ɽɵʵԶԶûдﵽԼְҪӵĳ̶ȣǳǸҶĴܣ֤ɽɵʵҪԶԶǿԼ˵Ƶġ
Σȥְܰｫɽɵĵϸ̽Ȼȥ̽ӦҲͷ
ں̸ְûǹܣ˼ԼĶɱˣְﲻӦԣǽȺСǡ
̫鷳ˣ
ŭ˼һܾȷʵᷳ⹦ϲԼĴӵұ
Ĵȥ䣬Ҳ֪¥Ǹʲôˮ׼
Ҳһ·ƵԭһΣƽɽһƬƽڶӿͣҶԼʦʦҲ޲ꡣһȻȴҲǸӾ
ʱҶվͥԺУֻһӣϼƬ̼߶һǴϣǵܽ˴ڵء
ԼƮƮһӾǾ棬ҶҪҪŪ书֮ŹƺɣҾ۷ҲþͱԼ¶õǿ٣Ҳûټĥ
͵Ĵ޼ѾСɣûôˣ˲ͣĻ۴֮⣬⹦ûʲôķӡк͵ٶǿ첻
Ҷİǳˣܹ͵Ĵ޼ɣֻǹûҪ˼Ҳ֪ʲôʱܳϡ
¿ߵߵпõĶҶʼʹ˴ĹۻƣΪǵ඼
Ǹǧ⣬ǾҲȲ߰ɣ벻õĽ취֮ǰҶֻѡۻȥԸߡ
ֻҪڵǻҴԲ⣿
ϾʱҶҲ˼룬ֻʼû¶ȥǾߵ鷳ΪʵڲȷۻƺķӦǲԼǵõӡ
ֻǵЩӾӰˣͲ֪ۻƺʲôӦ
ȻգҶҲûбİ취ְķӦҲеģѾԾƴǹŪȻǾߵһ߱ս
ʱҶһ׼Ӧ֮һǵ书ȻҲ࣬ǱȽʱ϶̣Щûѧʲô书ȻͻȻһȫɺ֣ͻЩҲҡź׳׳ơ
ЩҶĲɽϵĸɶɽɱ־룬Լһʹ˲֪̽ȭŰɢϢ˵ɽְְ׼㾡ȫɽԼɽߵ׽һЩɡ
ְͷЩ˶֪ԭһ׵İɣҶɱΤ˶ɵµĺ飬Բ˶ʼɽɣϾûΪڵɽְһϳ̡
˰ְϽɽɣֻҪɽһɽɻɽԭ֡Ⱥ۸ݡӣÿ˶ϣչԼ㱻ɽѹ¡
ͬʱɽְԹ֮ҲûԸɽɰʦѧգΪЩʶĶΪɽɸڼ׵ıǾȥͶɽɸѰ·
Ҷ׻ȭ棬ɱְֶΤΪҪǰʦ˿϶ൽ̤ƽɽɵż
Ϊ˶ְıû˸ʦˡ»ѩղѣһ䣺һȺϹ۵ĶԺ󼴱ɽҲǲգ
Ҷȴ⣬ֻ˵һ䣺ĪҪ⣬ҪʦȻЩЩǽͷݲ˷Ǻ£ɽպ־ҷҲʲôΪˣ
ôһ˵ѩҲԾù࣬Ȼ͵ۿأԿҶģǲ첲һԼķ˿һɫ˿ǡҶԻ޵ĵζڿƮɢ
ֻҶȴԲɽζǱ𾢡ȴΪ÷ĵ书Ϊ٣аĪǶЩԾͽͽһЩؾĽƽʱҲжһ£ǷԼ书档
ЩҲ˲ٵ飬ȻûʲôȴҲԼľԼʶ˲١ȻҪһǴʱûʲôֻҶһǽͽܣҪôǳԷѾĵҪѪˣ˵ؾĽƣȻݲˣɶҲǲ
߿ĿģǱȴգɵðһ䣺ľͷ
ֻ;Լƺе㲻Ծȴ˵ֱͷƤʶΪʲôҪôҪʦע⵽ҴʲôȴôҲ벻𰸡
۽⴩ɫȹװԼԼԼۣٿԼʦűĲֺѩͻȻԼһɵϡ
ҶжʦڵԼʦյĶ飬书Ҳ˵ķģһˣѩֻԼʦ־̬ȣºһŭ޲ý˺Ƭ
ֻ䣬ͻȻҶ߶һ䣺ʲôζôô㣿
ѩһ죬ǵŭѾֻƮɢȥֻǸղŰͲҶķ֣ıȴ־ò˼
뿪ڱһ˵Щ磺СĴۺУ֮ĻȴͻȻҶ˵һ䣺ѵ鱾滹ī㣿
һ仰ҭѩһ˵ĻӲֱ˻ȥͬʱĪЩʧ䡣
ɽҶ鱾һ£תͷѩŵʲôζô
⻰ʵѩһ죬е뱻ҶķԼۣ±֣ӾȻһ㡣
ǡڴʱҶ̧ͷһȻһƣѽҵô£ԭǵԷĹ⾰ˣ˲Ʈ
԰ѩʦȥԷɣ˵꽫һ̤ͱöȥרŸǼɽֱϵӳԷڡ
ҶĴ󲽶ȥѩʧһ䣺֪ԣˣֻǻһڣԼĶȴҲ˷Ľ˼ɫһ죬͵һƣҺû˿
ţȴѾ߳ԶʦͻȻͷӶ˻㣿ѵʦѾ߲ô


095 ţ
תǰ¹ȥҶǰָͥϰͬʱҲڹ۲ЩΪʲô̶ȣûпŵеӡ
κһ鿴Ȼˮƽиеͣȴϣ࣬Ƭ̱еɺа˼ܵ󷨣Щ书ϡƽĵӻս㣬ҲסһЩͨӣĸǲһ
ȲģʱΤһΪĵˣЩӱһҲɲó˶ڣҲⲻ˱Τȫ򵹵Ľ
ϧҶµٻУȻõһʦ̫ĽȻԭûʲôͷĻᣬбϵģǡԼȱһ׵ɱнҲȫáοԼĶͽߵľǶü书·ⱾԺҲôӡ
ڹȴ׼߶üɵ·ˣԺٻüɵڹҲ׼ΪڹԽǸԽҪɽɵڹȻ£ȴǵҵķ˴֮ҲǴܹͨͬţڼв쵫Ҳ޷ݡ
ԼļͽеĶȫķķȻųƽڵԺȫͬţȫķ㲻þ͵ڰ׷ˡ
ԵĲҶļǵýĶüߵǷҵ·üĸԴҲһǷ书ҶҲ֪ϰȫķԺȥü᲻ʲô⣬ǾԺϰԼϼҲѩС๦Ƚϰȫ
ڴ޼Ȼ̥ھ񹦣ڹ͵ʱѾ˵ķˣѧǲ޳ͻֻҶĲǵĸŮϰ书Ҳ֪᲻ʲôҲȥѧ׹
ܹĵ澭Ͳô鷳ˣֱϰҲˣ
ֻ澭ŹʼδҲ֪²ܡˢãҲһӶŪأ
˼ţȻһɽɴ֮ǰߵſںͷƺڿɽɴϹŵңƺȷ֮Ŵ̤˽
ڿŵĵǰʵ֪λӢɽɺ£
ȲԲҪӲͻȻ֮뵽ʲôתĿڣɽǸҶĵĳ
ǳṫңǰְﳤϹŭ֪Լ˵ȻûҶľȻκ֮ƽݸһ·ҲͣЪϳ˱ЩʳϢһϲϾҰ⵱һպϣȻ˰¾ʹϷܵƫԶ֮ء
ɽغûֱɽɽϢһҹȻһݡһ׸ɾҲΪЩ飬Żʱɽ
˾ȻԼﲻҲ֪˰˳ⲻƣ̾һŭȣȻԱŲ
һ̧־һȭһҲǶͷһֱȡһֱţȴǽǰ򶼸ֻ˺һ;ȴͼһûֱȡ
ǳṫȻҲƳ㣬ֻǿŵӵзȻھתȭһ֣ṫҾӦ
˼ͨҲͨУɽɵеʵ
תţȴһ㲻ֻṫ˫һһ𾢱ɽֻоǰâһƿһŻƾͬʱ˷Ϯ˸оؿһʱǺͷһһѪͬʱ˱˳ȥ
Ӻ˵ɱṫҶȥѪûǰڰյоͱɢ
ṫƶһȻ˲ջڣղǰǻþûһ㡣
СӾȻ֣Ǳ鲻Ȼȡ
˵ʱһƳֻɽӵڵ϶ã˾Լؿڡ֮ؿ֮ϵճɻҽ¶ţʮӡһӡȻأð
ֻӣ𾢻˵ķ֮ͣʮգÿʱһΣķһһ㣬͵ʩˣ
ṫ˵¶һЦݣʲôһ㣬ֻǻûأͼһԼǰԼ˵ºôĿɽӺʱҪʩӳͽˣ
Ҷģʲžվ֮ǰṫҽִӵȫƵһֻΪ̫Զṫҳ̫죬һգ۵ĹӾͶˣҶļҪҲǲ
ߵһǰҶӡһֻ̽Ƭ̣Ҷľüͷ
ṫҿһȴûֹһֵӣҶüͷ֮ʱ¸ǵ⣬óĳκε˵ģ
ǻûãͼҶʢǵؿϵҲһƬϣһƮϢڣֻƬ̼䣬һȻͻȻʧҲվѾϹɽӵȥչˣֻ農һȬ
˵ȥһǰظ˸ղŵһУֻɽؿȻˣ쳣ԵӡȴѾʧҲƳԼɽӵϵĻ𾢵ȷѾˡ
Ѿµ˭ֻƺԼ²𣺡ɽɵҶģ
ǣҶļԷòһʹԼӣҲûʲôѾ֪˭¾ǽ˳Ƴṫˣ
ߺߣǱ
Ҷĳʱһṫҳ־һЩ²⣬ֻǲ֪ṫɽʲôü˵ĵӵʱ򣬷ķ֮ĳȷǵĳ𾢣ȷ˵ȷǺųƳṫҡ
ҲΪˣΪϤЩʱϼнҲʱǿ࣬գۼͽڵĻȻĻ𾢲ǿҲԭ
ɼˣҶҲȫʩΪô̵ʱڽǲṫԸûҪŻôĴһơ
뵽ЩղżһĻṫʱâʢһҶĲ̾һȻ鴫ֵǲ飡
ҶĵѾȷΪԪĹϵֻҪڹﵽһ̶ȺڹһЩȷԭ޳ɴ޼֮󣬽֮к
𾢶յڹʹЧмƣԱֻԼüĺâղṫʱһĻڼ֮޴ֱһĿȻ
˻һҶĻûüѯʶԷ⣬ṫʵ㽫ʲӻɽɵϵʿκõô
һҶһ㶣漴׹ɽϵʿָ磬ͬʱҲΪʲôˡֻǣ뵽ǸƺеĪѵôһˣ
Ϊ֪кִ̣
ṫҺٺһЦ̸ִ̿ϣֻ֪ϵʿǱˣ
⻰һҶĵǸȷԼĲ²⣬Ѿķչȥˡ
һ˸¶书⻰ʵЩ˰ɣҶĻһľղŻʾһԼĳ𾢣žҪǸκɽš˵˾Ҷĳʵ˷С
Ȼ֪ϵʿǱҴˣȻҾΣӱΪṫԾⷬ˵Ȼ͵ſҶӦ
뵽Ҷֱӻһ䣺Ҿ˭ҵ飬ҹǱ˭˵ʲô¹ܵδҲ̫ˣ
٣ṫһ㶣Цһ겻󣬿СȻҸ˵ɱô
ҶĴʱѾƳṫҸһԸٶѿҲáֻ˼Ա߻ڲ࣬ȴÿڷοҲַӣṫҴʱ˵ôҶĵƢȴҲˣǸҪָһҶĳԵ㵽ף
ṫҶģٺ٣ʲộָɱ˱ɱˣ㻰ٺҪɱ㡣˵ԺֶҶĴһȻ̾˿ϧ
ϧʲô
ϧôһӢŽվҪڴˣ⻰ȻҶһЩͣȴžҪҶأҿ֮ûκλػء
˾Ҫ򣬶һ̺пǽҶɥһսϾΪԲǳõĳṫҵĶ֡һ㵥ṫִƣЮľҪҶʩȫܻͿԿһ
۾飬ʮأǽϽеŵĸ֣СС֪սôһֲΪλԸƽҲپס
ҶԴӴԽʵʵĴɽ˶ԵеľҲΣɱҲǰΤһνҶţҲƾôνܻñȳʮ껹Ҫḻս顣
˵һôҶĶûаӮÿܣֻǳ˾ҪҶĵ鷳ҲûĶ㡣
οҶļҴҵôɾ⣬ԼӵԼʦʦúЩͽָô죿
ȻմԽһҶĶΧ˰ٰܹ鲻ûû֮ͽϦദôãѩͶԳϴô޶ԣѾ飬Щ˵Լˡ
Լˣô죿ʲôĹƢ׼Ὣɽ˶¾һա
ҶԺܹƾָ޳һ񹦣Ȼҳ𣬿һӶԭԼ
ҶʲǸӣԲΪԼǸСˣǸᶼСۣҶʼվԼ־硣
ڣΪ˱סԼһȺԼõʦʦõصĻôЩԼƲСʲôôˣô硣
ˣԲӣ
ҲΪŵһֵ˰ɣԳĸڵ˵һԣǰͥó÷ṫұԣϾṫǳ̫ˣýҲ֪᲻ܵǣΪ˱˻õ˵ԶԶĺá
ʵҶеڵˣṫΪٸߣҲûֿŵĳ̶ȣܹӰҲһСƬΧˣֻҶıϾʶ㣬ټҲû˽͸ŻΪ
ṫҲ廰ֻվٺЦҶѾǸˣһҲ޷οҲҶˣʲôṫҶԼΪģ͵ҶˣУҲԼܹһһ⡣
ȵҶǰվṫЦһ󣺡׼ôֻǻųһȴȻֹȻҶľͷṫһ𾪵Լ


096 ǿᣡ
Ҷļɫ䣬ֱֱԼȥа˼ʲô˾ȣǱȴһͷȥԼһ񣬳ǰԵƾͰԼɱҶɳǲǹַʽɢԼע
ȻõĻĵǶȫƣʲôʲôļһĲκεи
ֻĶˣעɢһЩ½һ˲䣬ܹ黹еġôƬ̵񣬾ͼǰĳһΣȻգۼ˵Լǰ
Ҷļ״ʧɫϼֵһĳŻ˸ʵʵ
Ҳ˵УֻһܽˣٲҲܽԼһзÿƶʮֹһ˫ƾȻԼһƬǽڣϳƼƣԼҪ˸ʵȥҲƲˡ
ֻҶĻʵȴΪ⣬ֻĻһģȻ˳һȻҶ˹ȥȻûͷҶһۡ
Ҷּ䣬ͻȻƱУһȻֱ͸룬ҶĽȫעһ˫棬ʱҪɽ̿
ɼˣҶĻȴҲΪһµΪְ̣סͣ˹Ҫǻ𾢱Ƴ⡣
ͬʱתṫһƴɢĻȴ׷е֡ɲΪͻȻҪһ治ҪˣԸǸ߶߶ļһļʲô顣
뵽ṫʲŵı飬ҶԼĪг֮ڣ񱻳ײһŻʧ̬
ôѪɣ
һתͼӰһ裬һϢ֮ʹӴų嵽ǰ棬ҶĴʱ׳׼˭
֮͸ոմгǳͳ嵽λСǰһ¼ֻڵʯ֮䣬ͼûüʲôӦṫұǰ
ͣ
ҶĲ֪ΪͿôʧ̬֪ܿ˴𰸡
ɽɣһǧԼҲЩ鵱һֱղ֪֮󣬸ʵʤǰ֪˭ӣȻһ־ͽԼܰһƸ¡
ṫȻ׽һƣȴһȣġףһ
ϾɣȴסһƵһһۣͬʱھֻúһţ˷;;Լַ·Լһ㣬ֱ۶͵һ޴ЩֱɳͬʱֱﴫȾҲܣ޼ʱԷס
ţ
͵Ĵ޼һṫ̾Լĳ𾢺òŮӵ֮󣬾ȻκСӲãȻԼֻֻûó̫ྡྷܹµҲǳˡ
ȤɽɹȻЩŵ
Ҷܹĳ֣Ͼšû뵽ץһ˾ȻҲܽĻ𾢣ڹ·ҶȫȻͬԼĹЩƣҲߵյ·
ʧṫҲǲգ˳һۣһ֮ǰ󿪴·ȻʹСõĹֻһһתֻǰһԼ־ͱ˸ʵãҲԴݹȥǱס˽Ҫ
һҶĶ¶ṫҸǼɵʮȻͽ֮ͿһĶѰмܹ£
һС֣һ֮価书ҶıһǰԵϣû뵽ʽҲǾ˿ԼһԵĲ
ʱȴ˲ôˣͱṫҿסãԼǲϽǰԼʦǽվҪɥڴˡ
ֻǺܿ죬ͷṫƺûɱ͵ͼǶͱס֧ŵƸͣƬ̺ͻȻʵⶫץģ
ʲһʯ֮䣬ҶľȻûƼʱṫһʣע⵽оȻһߣǸոմӾ깦ǡץһԴ˻ûü˳ǡñǳƼԲʲһĻ鷢
ֱʱҶĲſ嵽ǰ棬ǳҲֻ֮ңֻṫһУ͵ҲȻǼ˵ұ㽫ɽһɶ
ṫңȷʦܣϸ˵Ҷļִ£ȻǱղṫһ¸˾ʣֱסǰʹһͻȥˡʱȻû裬亹ǿšҶóȷˣȻ̸
κṫҸףֱӾͺȵ˵ϻںδѰģ˵˴ͻȻ뵽ʲôҶģȻͣһȻѹд˵ȹû֮
ṫҴһҶĺͶһȻ鲻䣬ȴһ䣺һҲ֪֮£֮Ǹ鷳ˣ
˲𻰣ṫҸȷ룬ЦҲ¸ǣ߱Ѱ꣬ǽǴȥߣһģŹҲ޲ɣ˵ɫͻȻһ䣬ȴ˼֣ǲ˵ɱҲ޲ɣ
һֻƺһȴҲסȻơֻȴûзҧֱͣṫҵȥͼ״һϲһҧҧУҶܳû
룬ҧУ˳ʹ֮ɢȫԳû˾һȻҧУǶṫΪ˶ֶܣǿˡ
Լϲɫδ¶ͼ˾Ȼܣһƾҧϣעڣһ䣺ССҲڱǰҫ
˵䣬ٶֱֻһͨ죬ǻҧṫϵĺ߾գۼͳ˽̿žһ˵ϡ
Ǻ߱𾢿˽̿Ǳֽס;ȻûбֺҶļṫҴ˵Ϊֻܱ̾ɽӣ
ҲǾĹǺ㶵˿ĭɣṫ𾢣ȫܽԼ⽹ۣ³СҲûʲô
ṫҶԼһǵ⣬ҪסΪˣʣޣץģ˵ֱڵԴȥõطֻҪѰҪұ㲻Ϊǣ
Ҷ˼룬ԵʦܣҴȥ
ṫҡͷСת̫ͣ࣬Ų㣡ȻѾѾ˵ĸ첲һһ˳һģֻáǰɡһѾ˵ĸ첲ȻԭλֻǸղһ±Ͼ˽ǣԾʹ֮ȴҲɲܶ
ЩṫҵҿСӣȥˣʲôУʦܾҪСһ޶ˣ
ҶļṫβΣֻʦܱ˿ϣֻõԱϱǰ·ṫҿںš
˴ƹһͥͼѩææų˳Ҷһǡӭϡ
ѩҶĻ΢һ㶣ѾԼʦִˡת˲Ϳһ亹ı˿ϣ֪ԼгʱҪ
ֻⳤվ;һǳȻҲסַɳɳԶ䵽ϡʼգѩûǸʲô򵽵ԼĳҲûܰγŽһɵ˵ϡ
ʱѩʶ֮жǿһʱ֮侹Ȼ벻ʲôӦֻ֮Լʦȥ
ҶĵһУṫҲһʯӴѩĳҪṫõĲ֣ýǰʯӣʯӾЯž޴ľ׼ȷѩĳϣҽɡ
ȹʦҲӦϣǴ˵е˫赣˫ʵĲѾ޴ʹ˫Ҳֲĳ̶ȣҲͲԼʦҲˣֻǶѩĪҪˣǼҲλĶ֣
ṫҾȻͷӵţǼ˹ǲףʱ䣬Ǻ֮п޵뱾һսĹֻ£ȴ̫ۡ
ѩüſھҪֻǱҶֹǰͻȻס֣ԵĪҪģλ֪ǺߵģҽձǰȥֻҪѰҪĶ㲻Ϊҵˣµģ
˵ſѩ֣תṫҵɣṫңϣţ
ṫҺٺһЦҲ𻰣ֱҶļߣֻѩأվ﷢ʦֵıӰʧͬʱƺͣŵĻУֻǴµϢȴһĻκƽҶдһ֡ӣ
ȴѩǱ֪룬ٿҶߣ˺ܿɽṫһȻʲôûУüͷ΢΢ʼҶǲҪʲôˡ
ֻԲ壬ʵͺͺʲôҲûУѲڴ˴ûɣ
ҶָָڣȻָָ棺˾֮һ֮أﲻӰ죬궼ʹһ㣬߱ûģ
ṫҶ˵üͷ˿̧ͷȥ־֮ϵȷһŵĵطڣҲҶĵĻ
ǷԷʦˣҶıҪṫҼ㹦˵ãӦҲŸȥɣȻѩԾ£ԾϡҶܹؽ磬Ǻʹһڼν֮
ṫȻ֪Ҷ˼ֻǵȥֻҪѰҪĶȻΪǣ֮ǰ
ҶüͷҲûа취תԾϾڣͬʱһ䣺֪ҪѰʲô
ûϣṫһشֻһʣṫҾȻ֪Ҳ޲ɣ⻰һҶҲͲżȥˣתṫϸ˵²⣬ṫҿҪǳʶߺͳǴһײ
ṫһڣҶľʶԼˡ
֮ǰ£ΪıѰźߣΪ𾢸ͰԵΪףǲǼʮҲԴɣ
ʦҴ˹֮ʱҽ¼һ֮Եʻ仯ɣﱾһߣֻԴԳһȦߣԻߣ
߾޶ޱȣԸͳңѰ֮ԾΡ䵨ǿ𾢣Ѱ֮˷ֻ֮Ҫõ÷ڹΪг߷֮棡
˵˴ҶΪˣֻһĲƷṫҳǲŵرһĴ֮Ϊ𾢶ƵĲƷһ㡣
ֻǸղṫƺûнǺɱ˲̵ߵһṫԲ
ṫƺƳҶĵɻԸĵȻûǺȴҲѾ൱磬СߵߵѾòˣҪҵģǺ


097 ֮
ҶĻǵһƺһգ۵ĹǸڶʼղ϶Ĵһ
ṫȴ֪Ҷ룬ֻǵͷԵɺ±ɣһ죬Ὺʼͣ׳ͬʱγһ̶ȺǴȺ֮һȺߵ
һǱκһϰ֮˴棬䱾ϰĳ𾢣һ̤֮ʱʲôţ֣ʲôǺԲڱ
˵ĵ⣬ȻЦ֪Զ侹ȻлҶ֪ڹΪжôֲʱܽʮУԼٲҲӦһ󣬼㲻ҲӦòһ¾ͰʱûȫֻӦһͽˡ
һ㣬ԼӲӴһȴδܵˣҲֵýˣֻֽȴôɬҶֻǾƣҲ˲
ˣҲ˵ˣϽ·ɣ
Цһṫƺ뵽ԼпڽյóԸȡǺһԼĳ𾢴ߵ֮Ǻųƴܹɵĳ𹦣һˣ´Ϊ˷ܣҶ˵Ҳǰǰɷࡣ
ҶתԾڰʹṦŲ֮֮ڵҲƵ棺ɽɵľǲ٣ṦѾõнһˣ
ṫһȻ㲩ֻһ֮ƳݵľҶһʹĹǴھⱾɽȴָ߿˼֡
ֻƬ̣ҶıѾϵǸƽ̨ʱȴѾҪ¾ںն֮ҲѲ
¿ȥȴ֪ṫһ᲻ԼʦܣǷˣҲǾһˡϧֻƬ̼ͼԾֻһԾȻѾԾһ룬Ȼʯһ㣬Ȼ͵һܣҶͷһԾȵƽ̨֮ϡ
ڼһֱץͣȻôһ֮ƺ
ҶҡҡͷҲھɥ˵Ĳʵ̫޴ˡ
ṫҴʱȴû֮ɫȻ֮Ṧ̸ξʲҲŹˣ˵ɣĪ˵뽭ЩṦȣʲõҲǲֻΪ̫ضδͨѾǲˣ
أҶĳɽԽϵʵ˽ⲻࡣȻ࣬ףֻеһ˵Ϊﵽһ֮󣬲Ż֪顣㣬ҲΪޣܶӴ
أҶȴҲһЩС˵֪޷ǾζˡֻЩС˵дһϰ֮˴ͨζɳͨ裬ڲϢܶʼֹһС硣ϰĴɾ磬ô˵Ʋһ
ṫҲ֪ҶԴ£ʣֻҶĲ֪̫ãվȻ֪޲ԣ޲ζֻдͨζھΪһ壬谭ǲǵ˵ֻ֮Ҫһز츳Ŭȱһɣֲ֪ж˵һϣ
Ҷɿ뵽ṫҼֻǵ˲żüãܹﵽһȻǴڣЩڽ϶ܹŵ˵ְ˰ͷʾԼҲ֮һ
˵ҶĲ׹ﵽԭΪϰߴɾ磬ԭָһĴڡ
Ϊ˵ǴŵžҪͨζĸֲЩվ۷ʲôĴڣҶĲ벻ǸӣֻԼ뵽ʵֲ̫ţҲ֪ǲµĹ˻в
˵䣬˾Ѿ۵С˾ȵСһṫҾͿʼΣȵĻ˸һ
Ǻ֮һȪˮǹŹ֣ôԶҲܸек⣡ȪˮǺߣ
ûȥ룬ֻ溮ˮߵԭҶԼѾľٵƼָҪʲô¶ˡ
ֻǣûƺûʲô𣡡
ҶĲŲŹԼͣʲһֱҪȥǱܾһһ뷨˵ô࣬žҪɱ
׻˵ĺãֻ˲ܱصסܡ
ųһЩҶĹѾɾͣ㺮Ѿ˲͵ǹҺô޼պÿƺʱڵҲ֧ŵסṫңüͷûһ㣬ֱӾ߽ǶѨС
ֻǼṫΪˣȴҲо˶гǺȵĵһǿĺԱǲ۵ĺȪȪһ⺮ȪǹŹ֣Ⱥʵڽ˾̾ɽɽһȻȪ˵ȥʱǹ롣⺮ȪǲǻȪ϶٣
ȥǾߣѾ̧˶ͷ­ͣоӣȴѾ˽ӽҪǣƺǲ߲ƣԱֵĺǾ裬¶
ȻŲṫңṫҴЦȻ޴һǲ
˵ͽһɣȻѾȻе벻ֻûü˵ʲôͼṫһһƣķ˳ȥһ´ͷɳ˶⣬ǿĻֱڣͻ·Ҫڸճɻҽ
ͬʱҶѾϼ־һƮѩʹһб̵ĶԼҲѧᣬʱһϼʹȴҲƾˣṫҲСתСĵֵ
գۼⶴѨдҲⶴѨ㹻ŲȴҲûʲô谭
ֻҶһԲṫȴԵôࣺСӵǻĺܣȻ֪ռ֣
Ȼ֣ṫҲͲԼͷҾɱʦڣ㲻ʹȥȴһҲԼʲôԣͬʱԼҪɱҶĺڵͼڸǵ˼û
ֻҶĿɲִ֮ͽṫͻȻɿ͵󣬾֪һҪˣ̾ͳҪֹṫңκվһṫҾȻӲһƽʹɳȥʱѾ֪ԼҲûʱȥ鿴ڵɲͺö١
ṫһ̧Ҷĵָóġ롯ܿͬʱҶӲӲĶƣҶһƱһƾ֮Ȼе֮Чһ䣺Уϧȴ˵㣡
Ҷļ̫塯ҲЧһĳһƻʵ죬ۿƺкԶƮƮһգ۵ĹȴѾĵǰƾͻȻƵоȻȻվһ־ṫҶۣΪȴ˸վ벻Щ˰
ϼһ㱻𾢻ȥҶһ¾ܸµ
ڣṫҷǰҶұ仯ˣղŻһƷּ侹Ȼָʹ˽ϼǶָȻ糤ȴҲʮ㣬ṫҲԸȥ
뵽ܿУҶľȻֱһתһת֮ľ޴ƻ廢ŵҲʹ˳
һ³òһ󲽲Ŷ㿪һƣṫһƴԼǰһҲܣĹȻߵǸ·ȴҲĻ񹦣ԸöʱҪ㡣
ֻһˣȴóɫôÿǸղһҶĽ֣һнһУжƴļƣʹ۽ơһǹ˿ǳֵĻԼȥȻӲƴļѹס˳
ֻ˹Ͼ̫󣬳ȴҲˣֱ𾢣һһʱͽܱߺ˸һɶҶĸոʹһ𽣽ҲһͣȥĽָٲȻһ¯һ㡣
ɬ䣬ṫ˫ֳȭֱһ˫ֱҶӡƣǿȵĻ𾢾ȻҶһճ˻ҽؿ͸Ľӡ
ҶһƣѪҲûһھֱӻ˹ȥ޴ǿȾ뾭ͻҶϼԷֵֻһ˲䣬Ҷھᾡջ١
žͨһҶڿзһκֱǺȪȪ֮ǴǰһƬˮ
һһ¾;ͺоµԽԽһĿҲ߿֮
ҶĴȪ۵Уһ䣺ȪˮǣСֱ㹦һƣԱˡڸղСӡȻ֪ʲôϵȻԼһƣҲȻûȴ鷳
ԭṫ¶ɱͣΪ֮ǰͳƼʶһ˵·Ҳ׼֮ϵּɵ˹ǿɱڵľ
ԺֻҪɱ˺Լɳ𹦣ʱ޵Уʲӣ
ȴ˵ṫǾٿսˣֻԵȪ۵еҶġ
ҶĹĪ˵⺮ȪȪֻۣ䵽Ȫ۸ĺ̶Ҳһɵľ棬뵽ȴΪṫҵʮ㹦һƶұס
ṫһǴȵľǡ뺮ȪԣȪȪ۵ĺһҶĵ壬ûȥҶ鷳Ǻͻ𾢶Ҷڶ˸ֺͻȻﵱ˶ս
ҶһϼȴһԲͣ޲ʶ侹ȻϼתͣҶһ󽻴Ȼγһƽ⡣
ˣʱһãϼĸɾǻΪ̱վӲһĽ֣κҶĻˮҲ޷ڹʵϾ֮мһһԪʵγѭ
Ҷûϼò䣬ȻİչԿʼתѭ⹦תѭǱǳɾľ࣬ǹɣ˳ͨζôһγѭ֮䲻ͣṩϼҲǹԲˣʱҶҲͿԳԼϼΪϼˡ
ֻҶĵڹΪҪͨζǳ룬ƽʱΪ߾ˣ߻ħֱӱû㹻ǰôͺûʲô
ҶĻԣм޷ƽʱǰȥǾֻڡ
˵ǣҶȻ㣬ƫڻϼڵ⣬ΪóٿԼͻһһǾȻϼֱӹЮ·ֱζ˹ȥ
ǶǵģֻҪǸһǰͿˣ
ǿߵһ飬ѳҪصҪ󣬲ӲĽҶڵζ忪ͬʱת˺üѭͣЪ
ͬʱ⼸ѭҶоȫתΪϼĺȶҲδ⣬ÿתһѭתһЩҶѾϼ޸˸ղŶɵˣͬʱһΪʱȪ۵Уƾסǿֲˡ
ǡڴʱһƻָ˸߰˰˵Ҷ˹Ȼ֪ԼڷʲôҲԼûҪϸ֪Լ֮俪ǹ⻷˹ʺˡ
ȴϸϸʱֱ˾ףӺȪһԾ


098 
Ҷ񹦴ɣڲϢҲ֪ǿ˶٣һԾȻֱӴӺȪгֱ
ҺҶǿϼܹǿصĹֻһգۼ䣬ҶľľӦʹãȻԭ磬ҲղȫԼƵˡ
һúȪҶֻһƳͼ߲һĳʱǾҲ֪˶ƣһһĽӡǾ޴βɽڣʱ˶Դ˫ץУͣԻ𾢹룬ҪֱӽߵԴճɻҽԱ㽫ɱ
ֻǳʱҲΪǱŵһΪҶĽ֮ʱҲδ𺦷ֺȴһƶһƶһȻؤĶװ
ṫҴʱȴȫ⣬߲˽գʱѾϦ֮ʱòײŽУֻҪȫԽճɻҽôԼͿԵĵóԸˡ
뵽ڹؼʱ̣һˮһӰವĴˮԾ˳ṫûʱȥ࿴һͻȻðļһ˭ֻǼӽ˹ҪȽо
ҶƼṫ²һȫ˫֮ϣ֪ڲɱҪʱ򣬷ֲԼݣڿξȻһתֱӳṫҳ˹ȥ
һּֿȴϢĳתȥƣṫҲ֪ҶѾһ˹
ϼ񹦴ԺҶûԳɫֻɫƣг֮ˡʱնһͺֱ£ѰռˣʱҪߵͷˡ
ṫҴʱ˹ڽҪͷ߾ҪԼɱ뾹Ȼ¶ˣͻȻðһˣתͷعˣǡüҶһѾĵԼ󣬴󾪲ѣæһҶĶ˸ʵʵͻȻðļһﾹȻǱԼ뺮ȪȪ۵ҶģֻһûɿǴߵԴʮɹȴа˳ɶ඼ˣӦҶĵһȴֻвɻ𾢡
һṫҽʵʵĳ˸ֻཻȻ죬ҶĵϵϼȻֱӽṫҵĳ𾢸˸ɢǱṫΪ㹻ӦҶһƵȻֻһ¾ͱԷɾ
ҪǣҶϼ޾һ㣬һһԼӿֻһ˲͹ṫڣڵĳ𾢸ײ˸䣬ԸǴߵĻҲɢ
ʱṫҲץסǴͷ߰˲ֹסΣڱڵڵϼأԽϳһţȻһ֮ͽˡ
㡭㾹Ȼͷأ
һ˲ṫҾҶȪвûб˴ͨζ˲䱩ܹһƾͽˡ
ṫҵĹҶĹҲӦ㲻ãֻҶһƹʱǡæŶԸߣȻѾܹ⧲Ҷ֮еӣϾֻڰ֮ǰ˲űԼһƴİ˳ƶȪС
뵽ֻռҶľѾһһ㣬һȻɲԼȴҲˣ粻ǰǰǰ⡣οṫ߶˰ջ࣬һʱҲ˲٣ǲʱǰʢ
ۡУҶռһЩ͵ϮıˣٲṫңҶĻʵʵȪɱɡ
Ҷһ֣Ҳ໰ƾṫ˵Щʲôֻӣȫһƴ꣬΢֮̾ǵڶй
֪ṫҴʱңΪ֮ʱԼϻǱṫҵĵˣѾǲ֣ܸ֮ԷĻᣬŶԷֱӽ
Ҷϼ񹦴ɣȴҲ˲֪ٸΣǰԾ֮ƺҪṫ࣬ڿȴһŤȻ෴ķֱȡูȴֵʹһ廢ŵնྱ
һ֮ͬʱУһһһһ£ṫ涼˽ȥȻҪһ֮佫
ṫҼ״󾪣ͬʱ°С߯ƻֻ𾢣һмܹԼูƣԳһӭսǼֵֻΪҶĵϼԻҪӦԣƾЩϼײǲҶĳ֣͵
ֻǾвֵãṫϾӦԵٶһЩȵõԼӦԵʱҶľȻֱУʹֵһȦһȻṫҵķ£ȻֱӹŻ
ṫܸоҶһһת֮䣬ϾʵͬʱٶȾȻҲࡣ
һ´ӴֲǲִӦ֮࣬ܿǵҶϾȻбУֻĿҶĵƷָֻȻԽԽԽԽ

һҽ𣬾ڵ϶õĴƺҾ徵ĶһҶҲһöĤۣͬʱԾȥṫ֮һͬھʲôġ
ҶϲԼָ˳˫֮ṫҾͺƷһȫڵЩϼҲ˲ˣ˫ҲͣɣǰתȦĴһ飬Ҷļ磬̾ͻṫҷһĹ֮¡
ʯͻȻúǹ죬ṫ˫Ʋͣ𾢣ϵ˿ͣ£һͣͱҶץס϶ɱ
ҶȴֻǾվһԣǳ㹻ľ󾲾ĿŶԷҲҲֻ֣ôվţʱʱһѾľߣֹͻȻˡ
ṫβ֪Ҷд㣬ǸСӸҪԼԼֻͱѡֻεļȥȵ֮ʱҲɥ֮ʱˡ
һĹվԳãʹǴͨζĸҲԺ̣ΪṫһƣƶҪʮɵľþСˣͱҶĿʱԼ߾ͻᱻǽƻļһﵱ
һյĹṫ⽻֮ѾΪ̣ƽĻͬʱɫҲʼֲĺΣȴѾЩ;ƿݡع֮ⷵࡣ
ԳıɣṫҲͲùͣվԭҲټСΪ̣ҲǲܣڵľѾڸղǶʱ䣬ҶĵϼƻһͿĳҲʼ췴һͻڱȻʲôƣѾһƬǽ壬·˭ҲȲ
ṫݺὭʮأСҲٳվȻƫƧ֮أ벻ǾȻǱСôһܣ
㲻ôҶҲƳṫѾǱ֮ˣʱҲ˵ϼ仰ֻϼƲ䣬ṫʹթ
ṫԴЦܿܣṫҽռȻ䵽أǱˣķǲ㲻ѵҾܻ𣿡
ҶĲٽӻֻаṫҵҲõŵ£ˣҲûЩûõģͬʱһһǰȥ׼˽һĳ̫Լ֮ͨعǣҳû͵Ϯ֣ɽɱҪ⽭ϳˡֽɱҶİ
ṫƺûвֻǼ˵ԼĻҲضӵģռܹӳȥҲӲͷӵ׷ɱͷųµһṦ֣Ǳϣûܹӵˣ
ӣҶаֻ֣ȴûڷʣֻԼ˵һƺ֪֮ǰҪ˵仰
Ҳ֪ղűһƴСӺͷʲôϵֻǼȻͷӵƷͽҲֶ֮ұɳ𹦣ʱȻ޾ͷֻṫҺٺһЦֻЦǿɬƺ޻֮
Ҷ˹ҪɱԼʦʲôйϵ·˻ȥǸΪѣҪڣĻ͹Ӧþʲˣû뵽ͷȻˡֻǵȴ֪ͷѾɽ֮ϡ
ṫ˵һȴû˻ӦԵúƣǿˣѵͲ˵仰ô
ʱҶѾṫǰʮϼעϣƮƮ֡ȻṫҵԺһָ֮ࡣΪṫҾȻ
ֱʱҶĲſԵ㲻İԻһ̺ˣ
ṫŷȻԣɫ䣬ͻȻһ죬Ȼ𾢡ȴṫҷ˺ݣһȫҪҶƴͬھ
ֻû뵽ҶľȻߵԣһӦʱ䶼Ƿһ𾢣ҶѾĺһģֻážһṫ˫һѱѪ⣬ġ۵һأĲˡ
ҶѾƼṫǰϵ״°˿ĳȻ⣬ȻҪƴͬھ
ÿԼС˸ΪǿϵٲҪһҶȻϹ۵ṫ˲Լٲһ鷳㱣ա
ԼԽǿĵˣҶҲңߵǾ֮ǰͼǾ嶼ίڵأǾ޴ԴҲֻ̧۾תоʱʱһ£ǰ͵Ӳ
ҶƼֻǵһһɱأյΪǹƨԵʱҼ˱ˣҪ㣡
˵ҲһƣֱߵԴϣһŤƬ̺ҲһûϢ
һУҶĲŸҳһǽ˿ʱȴͱṫһƴɳ⣬ȴҲ֪ǻ̼ææĳ⡣
ֻһĶҶľƼվڶڲԶѩųˮɫԼֻǸƺҪ˶ԵУǸƺ׼ʱĨӡ
ʦãҪʲô
ҶıѩǸ˸Ǻ³ȵԼʦһһͲ֪Ʈȥˡ
ͬʱѩ˳Ҷ֮̾ͽгһӣֱӾ˹
ҶֻһϮůı˸ֻϧǻе˶޵ϡﻩҶֻúο
ʦĪҪģʦⲻûôĪĪޣֱȰ˺һѩŽֹס˿
ֹסҶļæ˾䣺أѩȦһ죬ָָԶʦѾûϢˡ
ԭҶѩд˸ӡ֮ѩȴûհ죬ҶĺṫԶһݣ˾ģų׷˹ʱѾ΢˼ֻˮƯƯͣæȥקϣȴѾûϢ
Ҫ̽Ҷȴֲü֪ʦֺṫҿ϶ڶУκѩھֲǴܹ֮Ҳãֻһһ߿һߺšֻ˴Ӷ֪¾ǳṫңôԾʦֹȪҲʦһ
ҶĳʱһĻʱѾûϢҲһֱͦͦڳرߣȥһ̽
һ̽ҶȴȻǹŹ֡


099 Ϸ֣
;һ̽ȻޣȴЩɱϢȫ޷ˣ̽ȻȫȻ֮ˡ
ΪȻҲֹͣͬʱһɢ֮ٲ棬Ʋȴвݵ
ôԿ϶ĿǰûҶػؼ˺ü飬ֻóôһۣʦܻûֻʵй֣
ҶȻ֪ԭͱṫһƴɳȥڴֵסṫ׺𾢣ֻסอ֮һһˮȥͼԳˮӦǰԵ𾢡
ֻһˮ;ͷ֣ԼһѹɣˮкǳǺַӿ룬һڵˮ˼ѪҲղסǺ˲֪ˮ
ֱϮ壬Ǻ˺üˮ͵ʶԽԺ֮侹ȻһοھԺľͰǶοھ
֪ԼԼοھǵǿӲһѿھеһοھϡ棬Ϣ󷨡Ҳ֮ԵСΨһþ֮½״̬һ
׹Ȼ²̱ȴҲûκλظ˵ֶΣ֮ʹ״󷨺ȴӦΣӲһ֣ԵȴҲʹá
ܵشԾοھȴþ¾ͽ˼״̬ѩʱڳˮиʬקϰ֮ҲûϢֻѾˡ
ȴ֪ͱȻʵУҪϸ̽ܲδѩһңҶȻûӲ̽ԲŻҶǰ˵
ҶĴ˷һ̲̽״Ȼ֪Ϣ״̬Ҳܹڵ״жô⣬ǲʱΣҲֻһһ̵顣
һ̽飬ڵĳ׻ΪôãѾȥֻһС㴿סûкֱȡ
ǺѾอԼƢȫ˵Ĳᣬ֮ҲкܣǲܽͲҲᱻ⺮ڳһˣԶҲãǿӲдˡ
ҶĵϼȻóȴҲ⺮ûʲô취ǳṫҲҲΪˡ
Ҷóһ񹦣ŪԴлں
ṫһǾҲ֪²ܼڵĺҪ޼ɵеĻҪĶ࣬ΣҶǿڹҲ֧Ų졣
ʦ֣ʦôˣѩҶ̽һ֮˵һ䡮ʦδ;ֱ˵Ҳ֪͵Ρ
Ҷ̾˿ʦܺ壬ãѰ֮ڹоΣǼܻҲǷһ
ѩ֪ȻûҲǿ١Ҷ֮ѩȴһǺ߲֮ô֪ܾܲʦܣ
һڣҶĲ͵Լͷһ£˾䣺ôǸ
˵Ҳѩһ֣תṦ˶СƬ̺ѩͼԼʦһ޴Ķ˳һȥҲƲʲô£ʵʦ֡ǡ
ţͼҶĽжһͣġ飡һһغˤΣѩǾʲô
ߣô󣿡
ⶴѨк飬ѩǲ֪ģΪ㣬ʱҲԶˣҶһĺ£ʱԾûѩֲʲôصˣԼǶѨ˾ͺͣҲûйȥ̽ӹ
ͣŴܵڿһۣ˽ṫͬʱûоȡ
ҶҲ֪ʱνֻͣ˵˾䣺ƽʱ׽ǺߵڣһѪȵĲԿʦڵˡ
˵ֽѩڵϵĳȻصһֻ̣ôһȻһƬƬ
ͷٿƤֻһӡӣƤûܴ̽ȥ֣
üһȻһǱ
Ҷļ״Ҳ߷˹Ҫĸ֣һȥǴ̲ȥϼ񹦣ȻʮɹŽнڡֻǼ˽ȥҲΪ֮˾ţ֮ſгһС
γһѪֱ˳Ҷ⧲ȻһһЩ
ѪȻȳţû뵽Ѫûζһ˿ѪнɫתѪ֮һ֮𣬱Ӧ˲ٵȻ˲ָ࣬ͬʱһŻָľҲת֡ҶĲЩ֪̾Ѫ޾ȴǰҲ˷ѵġ
óԱնһڴֵ֦辣Ȼ󳤽ɿһζΣϼצԼָӲ˼ľ
ЩѪȴѾʧ˲٣Ҷİ̾һϧľһſȻһһľȵѪݵѩһ˵ⶫǴ֮ʦҲһЩ
ȻҲȥüͷʺһƬȴִŵ𻪵ĹҺѩֱһѪϰ̧󣬽Ѫ͹ȥ
һ߹࣬һڹѪͬʱѪ֮ںһȥڵĺȴѾһС롣
ٵһ룡
ѩԣ̰Լ˹ȥҶҲ⣬ֻܹʣʱȰѩ˱ǡ
뵽ǺԽٷԽǿźأͣอһڷһҪĵطҶֻܲͣ¹Ѫͬʱϼ񹦰⡣
һڣֱæþ֮֮ҶѾͷ󺹣ڣȴѽϼ񹦴ʹ˼£ȴ޷Щ
ֶһѪҪ£ͻȻ˵˾䣺ĪҪˣҿ챻ˣϵ飬˵ʲôʲôҶĽѪֱӾһæʦܼȻ˾͸Ͻ˹ˣѪơ
˵ѩҪѪȴѩ룬һ䣺ѾûаѪˣ
һҹѩҲæ˸ǺҶ˹ͣһֱԸǴ߷ѪһҹǴȴǰѪҲûʣ£ȫѩĵ˳
ûˣҶ𣺡ʦô
ǼѾ˹ӾҲӦûΣգһɣѩƲƲ첻мֶҲŲҪأѪж౦ŲܡǰҪߵѾƣҪǹѪɱĸɴࡣ
һѪʹʱѾ˹ںδȴѾӰˡ
ֻطܹһЩ֢״ֻһᣬ;Ϳ˺ü칫Ҫɲˡ
һͨѪӲ࣬Ȼû͵ĹֱӱǣȴΪȥֻҪʵĻԵܹٲҲΪԺֻҪ޲ꡣٶҪƽ˿ϲ٣Ϻء
ֻҪΪһ̶ȣڰȻȻȬȴҲ̫ģʼ޷ƾ贿޼κãȵҶٻõĴҲһԽǵ㺮ȥҲǵ㺮ܳΪ͵ĲƷأ
Ҷ˼룬Ӧ½Զ˵ĵطѡԵˣ޼֮ǰҲֲš
ߵṫҵʬ˳Ȼ򵥷˷͵˸һҶľͷĶøһƾһôһʮֲ۵Ľ
æ֮ҶֻصһǼùӣʱһѹѾ͸⣬ƺгļҶ°ԸˣҲʱûвֻҪ͸Ϊܴ
ʱϼȻѾɣȴΪṫ֪֮ҪԼΪĻҪ࣬书ΪҲԼԭΪô򵥡
յһЩŵṫҾͲֻɽɣЩԭָǸʲôʵ
˵ҶҪɽıλãôҪ黹ܶ࣬Ա֮ѡ
һʵҲõԭ㲻ʲôҪɱҲûôˣմһָǳһɢְﶨȻӼɵҪɽɵ鷳ֵöıһ󣡡
˼ţҶĴӶ˳ʵѾ˹վȻûгȬܱǿࡣ
ԼʦܵļҶİοһ䣺ʦĪҪģʦֻκİ취ģ
Ȼ֪ԼʦָʲôЦܼһѾ漣ˣʦĪҪ̫黳
ҶֻĻ䣬æְοʦĪҪģǴ޼£δκڰˣֻҪŬһȻӭж⣡ο⻹кһѪȻûˣߵȴأ
Ѫһ˺ˣ֮ұ㲻ҪˡʦʦΪæһҹѪûȵ¾ͽߵˣʱվû˹Ч
ҶѩֻԼʦýԴҡ˹һ㣬ζȥˡ
Ȼˣ߾ȴȥȳˣ߹ҲܰߵҶ룺ߵԺ˵
źʬصڣڵյ֪ǿźŵʦʦöӭУֻǲ֪ȥˣһȺ˶סԺǰţֻӮŶص
ҶһʬڵӾ㵲ѣ֪ĵӻʣŲǺ˱ȥôôϸĪʵȥɱȥˣ
ֻ֮ҡͷΪҲ֪顣
Ҷļ㾰֪ǵԼˣȻ֪мģܹԼţԵ֮Ѿɱˣ˳ֳɽϵһλصģȥϢɣ
ڵӼҶȻȴȫ˺ۣɫҲƣ̬ôһһ˵˲Ҷ֮뻶һ͸ɢȥ
м˻Ա˵㻹֮˹ٸҲɣɱȥɱǰء
ƽ״ûɢȥɭĴڲɽϣվԭصҶķԸҶļҲһ֣ҲɢȥɣȳԷʱ˵
˲ϻŸһæƽ˵ȥЩߵƤˣȻˣ߹ߵǵõңĪҪŪˣȻʬһӣȴǲܲˡ
Ժ׼⼸״ӺԼʦʦһԣɭʲôʱ
ɭܻأ
ʲôıʱɭҲһԣ
ƽͷӦǣȻȥִˡȷԸһУҶĺѩԻطЪϢϢ˯Բֳһ硣
ƾľԼȵѪһźȻʣһδȬܹ˻һͬʱҲо
Ҷȴأűߵ֪ôѩˡ


100 
һкõˮҶֱѩķš
֨ѽһŴ򿪣δʹùκзεҶĵǰƵ㷢ôȻĴ£ӦǸոսͷϵӳ£Ǽɫ׼Ϣˡ
ѩҲû뵽Լʦ־ȻţŵĹϹѩһƣʵôʲô𣿡
ʵ׼Ҷĵʲô飬˵̸Ҷ϶Ǹϴõˮѵ̸»Ҫ׼ʳ
ҶѩӣʶʱƺһʵʱôԼʦѾ׼Ϣʱ˼ҷţʵе̫ס˴Сһ𳤴󣬻ɱŮӸŶ
ȴֻӲͷƤˣΪǸߵѾϹУҪԼʦΪֻһĹӣ̽ӡǵȵգߵЧҲ֪᲻ǳʵʱϽ˵ĺá
ӲͷƤ˵˾䣺ҹɫʦЩ˯ţʦĻɺã
ѩҶֵӣо¿϶йŹ֣ʵ벻ҶľҪЩʲôһôʱ䣿
ʦҲ߯çײĴϵ˼ҷţ
Ѱ˼İһҶģȴʦֵ£ʰһ¾ͳֻҶҪԺмʯ£Ѿģ쵹Ҳûʲô
ֻҶ룬Ȼ㷿˵ɡ

ҶǻһڣԼҲޱȣΪ⻰ʵ̫κߵѩˣٲҪ˹ܲܽѩԺйɣν˴ǲ鷳
Լʦ־ȻϵҪܵԼԼ죬ѩԴͺʮһ㣬죬нðȻ֪λشźá
ҳһţͣ²Ҷ⵽ʲô˼ʦҪʲôô˻ҪҷУ
ʱǵҶҪв죬֮УֻƬ̺־ҶĲˡתһ룬ôΪηҪԼԼ̸ѵͲԺ죿
ԴԺ£Լʲô֪عʱȴ֣ԼȻѾԼ뷿УҶġ
Ĳ֪ͽˣ
ѩǲ֪˻ȫΪҶƼѩԼһ仰ŵңȻվԭز֪룬ҲǷвɣĪҪȥֱӾͷԼʦûصУȻǰһ£ԼҲڶãˮ۵Ķ
ʦãӣĺ棬ʦֳһζ˵ŹӵݵѩĴǰòײŻعûŪôͱ״̬ѩֱҶܵľٶŪƺҪ˵ʲôһҲû³ֻ΢΢ſ˫ȴҶĽǹ͵Լ
һ·Ҷһ£ô򵥣һ˷ôϸˮôӰҲʵ̫ûսˣ
ƹƣȴѩʱԴ״̬סᣬعιⶫƾûôˡ
һʹߵֱӷɽѩſ̴֮УֻҶһõƺ˵㣬ߵһоȻֱ˺ѩûüǡӡǸʲôζֱȥ
ȡʦ֡΢Ǻһµѩ˵ȴҶͻȻԼ˹ʱݴ䣬ֻҶԴˣ侹ȻϷЩߡ
˵ȴһ֫ٺɢȥѩʱڻعٲƸղôججͬʱҲҶĲûֱ˵ԼϣͻȻܵԼ󣬺˾䣺ʦÿС๦ʦ㻯ȥߵЧ
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Լղ˵ʲôѩɫֱ䣬һȴǲ԰͸ŵϡһǱĵˣһǱģû뵽Լʦ־Ȼƭ⻹һ㲻죺ʦѰңȻ飿
Щͷһţܿͽעȫе棬ȻѾߵˣ³ƺܣʦּȻһҪԼȳ̶ȣٲհе㲻֪ôˡ
һ˹ȻֱһҹѩС๦ߵЧڳͻŵĹؿһ·ƵСɵľ硣ͬʱΪԭ಻׵ĵطҲô£ֻҪͰɾ͡ǰ޷ΪΪΪˣȻˮɡ
Ȼһҹеôȴûʲô飬ҲҶһԻԭҶĵϼ񹦻ѩ߲߻ħû֮Ȼһ·߸ͽ
ȵѩС๦СɺҶľѾչ֣ͣһ䣺ʦüйΣС๦ο˺ͣ£ʦȥˣ
˵վأйѩ֪޷شתߡ
һҹѩջ񲻿νᣬߵЧҪ߲֪ͨǿ˶ٱֻһѩǲܽȫġ󲿷־ǱѩڣҪͣŬȻ伤
ͲͬѩЩǱصЧȴԶѪͶ࣬ǸһָʵЧڸɸǿԵľ
ĪǳܹɣΪѰ˾ͳܲǰԵ𾢣
ԽԽô˵ԺѩǲõԼܲסֻڹΪԽѪľȫ󣬴޼ɿܻиࡣ
ȥûʲôǱˡֻתһ룬Լ֮ȻܹͨζҲУ˹ǣҲǶġ
ĪҪ̫̰ˣ
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һתͻȻ淿վŵһŲҶĿڣͻȻЦŵѽû˯۾ʲôһƬģһȥ˯
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վûѩ֪ȻǼһĻԼѾˣȴһϲҽˣҲǺԼʦֵһʱЦҶССһ¡
Ҷģ˵һӻҪҲ˼ȥҲͰ
֮⣬ҲṫõĹӵ˵ˣֱ˵Լ뷨ҹţǸ书˱ӣ
ᵽǸӣҲԾ˸У⼸ջָ֮ҲԺóıϢ󷨣ⶫȻ˵ЩޣܹһֶΣ¾Ҷ˵ˡ
Ϣ󷨣ҲǰģҶûȥʾھ
ͷǰ书ھʱӰһԵ˵࣬ʱĲɣõʮھ߰˾δ£ϢֻΪھ̲ǡü˸ȫ
ȻӴģǧĪҪ̸ˣԼ״ӣ⽭У书Ķɻ䣬ִͶʦɾѧˣѧʱ͸Ҫ
ǲӵ͵״Ҳǲܵô˵ѧģͻֻһƤë
ֻܹһͻȻȦӵۣضֻǰ붮ʱҶˣʶ书鱾֪ʶͬǲҴġ
һеƣ⼸ϸʱ򣬵ǻһṦھԼʦ԰԰ڣֻܵԼԺʾֶˡ
ϧҸոס̤ѩ޺ۡóʦأ
ѩ޵Ҳж֮Ϊս޵ﱾֲڵĵطҲһһƣʱѩʹ׹ɾҲǰǰ½ѰˣѩһΣȫֱӽ½쵱Ǵˡ
Ҷֻͼ򣺡ǡ̤ѩ޺ۡʦܾԼɣҲԺǽµĵһṦ֣뷨Ҳ򵥣ӼȻųṦµһôõṦȻ£ܹɣڹһȥȻԼˢһøṦµһӦˮɵ顣
뵽ͿЦҡҡͷȻǰ̵书ھ˸࣬⼸ϸȴҲҵǸھ⡶̤ѩ޺ۡ
ʵϣ̤ѩ޺ۡǰȽҼµģҲΪˣҲԼǵã˵׿ھǽСͽ
Ҷû뵽⡶̤ѩ޺ۡȻһŲ͸ղŵı⡶̤ѩ޺ۡһϳ˵ṦɼҲŵģṦʲô
ɺ޵ǣ;Ȼ֣Ҳ벻ˣֱǳıﰡҶ޲ٴԵУҲС֮أ
ϧԼͷһ޾Ȼһ㡰ৣԾ⣬Ҷ뷨ûʵʩѾעգһֿ֮ʼ̸£ԵȲ˵ˣۼ˵£ṫϢҲѾųȥˣЧܻҪһʱ֪Ҳְ֪ػӦԣ
͵˵ͷûĻְ϶ɽɸΪɵãһؾ֮ˣϾɱְ㹻׼϶ɱģ
ҶĵͷӦǣ˵䣬ͼѩȹƮƮĴԺҲûóҶԼʦãļҵǧߴŴɽɡ
ֻһϾȻᣬҶһԼʦþĺܣкԵûеʦû˰
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ѩȻҶе֣ȴûж룬ոָŵ书˳ֿһЩˣûкԼĵӣеƣشʱҲͲô顣
ͼһһŹ֣ĸ˼֣ѩ˷УźҶĵʦЩպʦôˣѵˣʻ֮ʱޱȣ·лգ
ΪΰĴԽڣǰԺе˶ʮҶĶĿֱϤˣȼյİ֮갡
СӾȻôԣȴӦûҺʦúõĺܣܳأ⼸ѩû˵̸ܣ
һ߸һ;ʹ˴סϣĪҪˡô׾ͷŹٺٻЦһ󣺡ʦּȻ˵Ժȥʦˣ
ҶһңСӺʱǳ鷳ίʵýֹʦĪҪʦ
뵽û䣬ѩԴʲô
תͷһȴѩ֪ʲôʱ򻻺׼ȥڹһҶĺ̸ֱӿ˳
ûʲôʦҪȥڹҶĲС
šղ̸ʲôʧܡ
˴۵СֻۣһǺͻɡһ˷һξƣ̬С
󻹶ƽǡʱ˽ʩʦǰɽһ˵ҪʦһƽͣһŮ˵Ҫʦ壡


101 ţͻ
Ůӣ
һȼܵİ֮֮ȴˣҶĺѩ˵ԣĸλĸĸԱ˶޷ס
ûзӦô£ⳡϵľһ¾ͱ˸˶ĿƵĶƺںλСӾʲôȻҪһŮ
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ҶĵԴＸǵһʱͷһŮŵҲһˡ
Ҷ֪˴޼ɻ֮ͯԴתͷͲôˣʲôźϵϷֱǱزٵľĿȻ㰮޾߻ϱ֮޷ദ֮ģһװ˵㵵Ȳ¯ˡ
صĽҲҹӷ棬˼ҹŮһƬĴߺûӰŮӲòָ˵֮ġ
šȥ
ҶĴʱѾǸҪʦˣӺ͵ǸŮӣͬʱΪ˷ֹܣҶĻԼʦ˵˾䣺ȻʦܵģôʦҲͬȥɣ
ѩҲʱҲһȥͬʱΪԼһǳĽڣ˳ǸҪʦ֮ˣʲףҲոӣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷһӣǱͬȥҲͿڣֱӾͱȥˡ
ʱɽ֮ѾڵվûԱеԺţһҴҲһʲôҪҲֱӽʡ
ʱһվŵĶغӲΪڣһŮȴͣʵţҪȵʲôʱ򣿱ڶҲһǲ˲ˮҲˣȻλҲţƽʱҪ֮µص㣬ƽʱΡ
ǽǰʦǵཫ˴ƫУϲˮдֻΪ˰ʦҶĽĹأȴǱȵҲ߳ԿԺ󣬲ܾǷܰɽɵСŵΪκ£˼Ҷֻţѩǳϡ
Ůӣһ̴򣬸ȻߣȴԵ÷ǳͦȳƣĿӽֱ˫Եĸ޳һ˫СѥϿѶ̽Ů˵ҪʦһģһھҪɽɳϱֵͣɽɵ򲻸űͼŵġ
ˣԱߵʱҲһֱڽ֮ϣ·ŮͻȻ裬ԽѾںüƣھҲʱתԷһ
ŮȻҲƳʲô˼¶СĺܲΪȻȴ¸û꣺ȣѾ˺óʱˣǾûȥͣ
ǵӲֻǵƽʦѾȥȥˣԵƬ̣Ҫ˶óϾͻˣ
ŮֻƲ죺ȻĲɳϣɽĪô칫ӽ֮ܺһ֣յסɽ֮ʲè书
ԣǵӶͷֻŮȻ˵ȴûʲô֮٣ǿ͵ּס˳ֵͷ
ŮƺҲƳƺѾŭ⣬㲻ٹ˵ЩĻǺʵºʵҲгɾͣΪɽɽţѵŲϲô
ǵӴ𻰣ŮӾֱ˵ȥĻһضݣĹͷҲǲѣʱı㣬¹ǲ񲻱վŷڴǿ
Ӷͷϵȴֱ˼֣ͲûѪ˿ֱ˳ݹ½飡˵䣬гְγ˼֣к͸ŮӼ״֪˵̱ס죬һ䣺֪ôȻ㲻نˡ
ʱҶĶڰʵǺˣĪǰµծ
ҡͷҡֻͣҲ֪Ҵû
ϧҶĸţ˵˾䣺Ҫ˼ҿָյžǳģ㾹Ȼ˵֪˼ô
˵УͷֵǹüĿ㣬Ȼ˵˵ȴҲǹ֮ˣǵеļˣͼ۹ٸߣҲˮƽĶƲϰɣο㶼Ѿ˼ңȴֲˣ
ͿɥֻǵĲʶ
һֱվѩ˹ʱʱ͵һۣȻֹûûˣ²ͣ˵˾䣺ûꣿȥˣ˵ֱӴӺһƣͺҶһ˳ȥȻʩʩȻ߽С
ҺҶĴʱڹ񣬽ŲʵѩһȻеͻȻȴҲûǱѿ߽УȻǳغӣֿǸǹʱŴ˫ĴƺǶ¶ǸȤ
ҶıĿƵĻڣҺΪսЩأĹȴԽԽáɴݲȣֱʵҪɽУ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷʣΪҪɽأ
һȴһ㶣Ѱ˼˰κͷЦָָǹΪ˵ɽɺͿѧֻѧ˹ԺָӪ
ҶҲû뵽ȻôƬ̲û˽ʲô֣ʵʲô֣
ǺӺǺЦЦ˾䣺ҽйţʮˡҺҰɣʲôܸɡ
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һֱվԱߺˮҲ̲סһڲˮֱԶʱѩע⵽ϾȻһȲ裬ֵʦܣⱭģ
ԱġͱҶקϹʱһֱⱭ裬ֻһ·Ϲ˵ˣȻ˭Ҳûע⵽һڲˮ˳ҲʶⱭˮĴڡ
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Űǹţ˵ͷʾԼ֡

Űͷ
ҶӦ㸸ĸСɣ
عţûͷˣֻǺٺЦҵȥ磬ֲʶ֣СֺδﱾҴûȥңҲˣڴү˵ӲˣɴСˡˣûٸԵֻ֣ȥҲȥˣұ˵ҼҵҼֵģ˵һûҪյϢطӶȥˣڴûеطסûҲûзԣͳѧ㶫Լ
˵ԱǸмĵҳ˴壬˺üҲ˲ӪЩ˶ұ󶼰Ҵˡ˸ջõģûǵϰ㽫ҴȲžҵҾ͸һ·ƽˡ˵ָָǹ˵ֻҪҵƽݣɽѧ书Դˣ
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Ҷʵ벻ȻôֱһɵС˵ʵ׼СУΪҸ԰׷ƺҲûʲô𡣲⺩֮˵ǷҶʵǴΪͬ飬ĵҲûҿຩ񣬹Ǹʵ֮ˣһ·ϳȴû׵ԹҲеϡˣ
ҪµĻʲôǸ⣬תͷѩƳһֻۣԼʦòԼĿ̽Դҡ˲˹ġҶѩƲĹţ׼¡
ٿͣСӾȻأŸղ豭ղˮҶľͲ豭ѿգȸͣʱʱ죬ȵĺǽζһ㣬Ҷĺ޲ץ͵Ӵðǿձòã
κЩֻԼԴһ룬黹ҪԼԽعͷǹţɽѧ䣿ǰѧ䣿
ţ˵ͷ
Ҷİ˿ҪùţʾһţһѪֻǺڴɽ·ϣλҼй򡣡

Ҷʵ޻˵ˣע⵽һƳǸ仰ʱҲԽסԼ͵͵һӣ㲻Ҫ˵ôˣ˼ֻ˵Щͺãҳ
ţȴ⣬ֵҵģô˵ˣ
ǹҲٶ໰ֻأҡͷ̾ôôɵͬУ֪ɽץҪǰʦҲǿ
ҶǹȻǵͷȴҲøʱ⺩ĹţǱչպƵɽģֻȴҪҶʰҾ磬ޱȡ
ǹţԽ˼䣬һԺŵĵӵɽţȻ״ӣҲϰһЩգıЩӪҲ㹻ˡеĺãպŴ㱾ɾҲ޲ɣλʦһͬȥٰɣ
˵ǵӻ˻֣ǵ˼кţһ˳ȥڹţλʦ̵ֽأԼѧŵĹȴһһϸˡ
ȵǹţȥҶתͷǹʵλγƺ
ҽлأ
ɶأҶĴ󾪣ΧѩͲ֪ιʣһơ
أغݺݵĽԼһ飬ͬʱǿһ£أ
ҶŻָƽġŶһһ䣺ҺòǸаĹŮ˹һ治֪мܣ
ֻǻֲһ䣺ڽûʲôţֵϵֵ̧һĸҹĳƺţ
ĸҹ棿е죡Ҷĵͷڤ˼Ѱ˼źֻǼԶʵ벻
벻ȴһ˼ǵãһյĽŲҶʱţ¾ʲôƵأʲôǶݵǸ˳ĸҹŮͷӣ
ΪһָյҪˣʶ
ѩתͷͣ˾䣺ʦʶλƹ
Ц°ֻͣεĵ˵ͷҪ˵ʶҲûҪҳߣͻǮϵλơƹæֻͨţȴûˡ˵կģֻ˲ŷĸҹ澹ȻǸεεĴկʵǺڣʱĳ˻ƹ
뵽ͻһ䣬ҶĻûѯʣǻؾȻ潿ߣŤŤ˵˾䣺ѽ칫ӻؾͺˣƹʵ̫ˡ
ҶĿŸղŻӢˣ˵һѾͷȻŤŤСŮ̬¶̬仯֮ȴԭǶݻկ֪կɽȴΪ°
˻һղŻŤŤͣĻ̻ĸϻҶĺ޺޵ĵ㻹ң㽫ҼŪʺĻɽʲӲŵĳϣʲôèĹҸҪص
˵˴ͻȻֵҲ֪ɽʲôֻǵְȴܲܣ
Ҷüëһû뵽˾ȻְйϵûʣؾͼɽǻҲںĪҼͣ
ҡͣ
ѩŤͷֵĿԼʦܣͲѩĿҡͷҽְڸͣʲô֪ĪҪңֶԻغȵҪſڴƻƣʲôʱҵˣ
ǻȴֻǵְѾ˰Ĵ֮׵ĹŭƽݣһӵϵţͬΪĴϵҲڸ·ϣɽɸڼȴĿҼͱǣ


102 Ҷɵӣ
ҶľȻؽ˵꣬ʵƹ˵ְɳĴеǰƽݣ֪ƹ֪书Ǻξ磿ʲô·
ȴ𻰣һ֪Ҫ㣿ı顣
شҶҲգЦŶ˵ȻλﲻԸ棬Ǿͷʦһˣ̽һ̽˵
ҶĵĻû˵꣬ؾŽˣȻȥôΣյ飿ѵ뺦𣿡
Ͷû뵽ؾȻӦôңǼƾͲûֱ̽ȥҶƴˣƺҲ˶١ֻҪҶ˵һ䣺ҾҪȥΣѾͷͻ̽˫ȻֱȡҶҪͿѾͷ˫ʱʱҶѨƲܹƳš
ҶϣΪǰѾͷֺԼԭеĳȺʵ̫ˣһᵽ˵ͻ־Ҳһ͵Ŀȷ˿
Ըˣ򵥵ľֱвѾͷһʦйصһһէҲĲôʹʱƼãѵҪ̸ָ
Ƕ鷳ǶɵӱȽϼһЩ
ʦǱŵʦܣɽɵҪԱ䣬ʦΪɳȻҪһ˵ֻҪȥ̽һûʦȥƴһ˵
Сͨ죬˫Ѿ̽Ľ֮ϣҶģ֪ôҽһӣҪ칫Ӵߣ뿪ʲɽɣԼǸôΪռɽͷӾΪԼǽͷˣڱʲôҲǣ칫ӽ֮ôЩ߰飿Щ֮ͽ棡
˵꣬˫һ飬ֱӺ˾䣺ͽһҪߣ𾴾ƲԳԷƣתͷֶ˵˾䣺칫ӿߣסǡ
±ӣȻ˾䣺û˵Ҫֶ߰ѩʵͦĵģôƹ˵Ǳɽأ
ѩһ£Ҳ֪ƹô£ֻѾͷеĪЩһզզҪʹߣҪǻﻰûɽɷһܵġ
ʱǻزڳԣҲ˳ѩҲȥˣֱ˵˾䣺λû㣬ɽҲӭ㣬ž߲ͣ
ȴûѩĲͷأ˵ͻûߣôߣ˫ȥָҶġ
㾳أҶҲЩͷˣѾͷȻָԼ֮Ҷϲһ㺮˪ƹﻹǽĺãɽȻûҪͱ±УҲ̱ýָţ
غһ˰Լ°ָͣˣΣ
ҶҲһҲû𻰣˫ֻһöͭǮͱͬʱ˳ǡһһҷֱ̽
ʱҶϼѾɣͶϼȻתöͭǮٶȺ粻֪ȵǿ˶٣ûӦô£͸оԼϵĶ̽𣬾ȻҲסֶ̽Ȼֱӷɵſǰ
̽ɻʲôطԼ˫־ȻľǳȻľľȫû֪ͷٿ̽ȻãǽѺۣȻѾϡ书ǲ㹦ĻҲй˶Ƶһ
ѩֻǰʦϼ񹦴ɺ⾢Ǹǿˣ
ȴҶֵһ¸ŵĶͷ°ղžʲôҵĶ̽Ǹһﲻֱ̽кĻ
ԳǱֱҵԼϣǵ͵ñˣûֱÿ˼Ƿ飬ֱζӲġ
Ҷһ֣һ¾˹ļžУѩǶǻȱøУûʲôȤΧҶǾŮԺû˷Ҫʵľһ£Ҳûг
Ǳŵˣʱ֪ӦӦֻͼ˲ԼôҲЩ飬ҲӦԼҳߣȥկסһ
ԼûܰԼǰݣºȻҲӦеı꣬ʹ֮ţ˵ϵȴûжϵظһʱͻдһŹ֮ʱҲһ⣬Ҳûؾôεվ˿ڰΧƹˣƽʱʶҲһȺ̾˵ⲻʦ־ĪҪˣ
̨£ҶҲͲټ˵ͷ΢ºһ㣺ƹǰǵʦܣɽ»ΪлġֻҪʦ뿪תͷͣԼ飬Լ˵ɣ
ҶҲû˵ʲôɹأһ뱾ű㲻룬ͽɽˣҲɽɵЩһͲˣںְԹ֮ʱѾԶԶˣõȵڣֱӳֽ½նɱ
ҲһӣͬʱҲڸͣɽɿɲʲôåŻ˾ͳȥĵط֮Ҳûиʲôƣ
ҶĵͰæƶɽŹҲûжƵֻҪʦ桢ɱͬšй¶ɸѧһЩ´Լĳ̶ֳ˵ɽɿǵŹɵˣҶıֵļֱǱķʽ
ò˵ɢϵ£ɽɻķչֱһ漣ҶҲû̫õİ취ʱֻȷչţȻһһȥɵϵʹнṹЩҲһһϦܹõ飬ЩɶǼʮŬŴﵽ̶ȡ
ҶĽƵԼϣǻָ̻˹ܵǰϽ߰ɣְ˾ˣ
ҡҡͷҼȻѾɽɣ֮ʱȥô
νĵ칫ӵȻֱ֮ˣ˵ǱҰܵͲ˵ʲôˣ
˵ֵοְҲǽŵİɣҪɽɣһʲôãѵҪְｲô
ͼҡͷȻ㾡ȫһս
ƺû뵽;Ȼ˵ֻǳ˺ü£ûסЦ˳㣿һʲôЩŵָһս
û뵽ԼȻС룬ԼԭĲ£ɽɣҲΪҹеֽƣҲ߸һƧĵطרĶõʱԡ
ǻ֪ҪҳߵҲֻѰ˸ʵŵ㣬ѧ书ġ
ǰЩ£ɽԼɽصмջС¶һ֣ҥȴҲֻһΧڣֻɽסŵʱѧЩƤëֻΪǰ̫ģһֲŻ̾
һЩԵ˵Ļǣһѧ˶ùܳΪ֣ҲɽЩûӻô˵ûҷǵýǵúüʶʶʲô֣
ɽɵͷԽԽҲûʲôĹֻۣΪɽɾֻҶһ֣ѩҲһˣɽɵ඼ǿҶĴģɽھֵĸˡ
ͣʼղߣһΪͳֵʵ̫٣ԭʵ̫ģҪתҵӡɲһһϦ顣
ͺһ㣬ȻޱĽĽҲǹ˵Ĳ书ûаëǮϵģе;ֳƮƮӢޱȣڳ£ӵоŻ
粻ֲ׼ص㣬ΪôߵɽҪȥٲûҪԼæ
ҲҿԱɽÿÿ뵽˴ϾһƬͨ죬Ȼֻ᲻ͣŽŵ˵ʲôѽôأҪô˵ˣ칫ӻ᲻һŮˣ
һ·ϣزֹ֪ٴһͬǰĹţǸľګ֮ˣ˱ɷˡ
ͶҲĺܣֻҲûа취ֱӸı˶ӡֻܵȴŤתǰ᲻ṦĻǾͼ򵥶ˡֻ΢΢һЦȻͻȻһǻֻǰһ󾢷棬Ǳͽߵ;Ȼ˲ûӰ
ţ͸оϱһ£һعͷվЦŶ˵ƹ˰ɣ¿ɲʲôͨ书֮ˣɽɺҲѧꡣ书һȻ˵ʲô޵£Ҳʲô˶Сҵģ
˵֮ŷ֣Լղһѻ˵ˣΪشʱŴһ𾪵ĿԼԵĴڼ𾪵״̬ûȥĻ
ͣڲټȻ΢عż˰ɣʵǻṦģ
ɵ㶵ͷ
ļ򣺡Ȼ֪ˣǾͲΪҵˣǲ뿪ɽģ
ؼͷ̾ͱҡͷ
ʲô˼ôȵͷҡͷġ
ȴ㻹Ҫߣ֪˶ô
һβ˵ˣһֱվһԵҶģ˵Ĵ֮׵ĹŭԼͬΪϵǶ˹
ҶķʣмЦһ㻹һţôЩ鶼֪
һ֮ŲǺǵĽɫҪֱӰԼж˿ʵеòʧԲҶķ쭣̾ͼǹŭʮڽ߶ʶõ˲࡭
Ҷ²ۣôʶõģ
ӣҸ˵ŭʮǰʼڽУʱ겻ȴƾһȭԼһ׻幦һŭĿյĴºţ꣬²СͻȻ伣֪Ϊְĳϣ֮ڽ߶书˵ü뵽ʮǰڽϴֻܸ
쿣˵Ǿڽϳ֣ԼʮְĴо߶ְʲô´඼һӦǳԱţóĹǱŵı
Ҷɫ΢˱䣬һְȷѪˣһ¾ɳɽɵ顣ͬʱǸŭȻʮ˼֣ȴȾĴ֮ס
ôֻܾһˣǼһֵ˶ˣĻҪôǹŭ书ǿƥҪôСĽԼûаɱֵĻͲ׳֡
һ֣һõĽ
Ȼе㼬֣ҶԼ⻪°֪ͣŭ书ǳṫұΣֻṫҵҪԱȾֻܰλ̨
زôˣṫǸȻԴǹǺǿģҪ˵͹ŭȵĻΪӦøǿһЩɡҲǺܿ϶Ͼ˲ûн֡˭Щṫҷͷأ
Ҷļ°ͣǺṫҲ࣬ôûô鷳Ҽ㲻Ӯ¶Էάһʤܵľ浹Ҳǲܣ
ҶĵĻظһôԼ˵ô࣬˻ôţͬʱҶĵ̱ˣҶĪǸɵӣ


103 У
ز֪Ҷľƾʲô˵ⷬҲûȥʣȷͲȥ֮ɽˡ
ͲߣҲߣ
ᶨ˶ΣҶҲѾͷһʲôʲôѾͷ˵ٶҲãڣΪ͵ˡ˿Ҳ͵ʦʲôΣ顣
ҪǣصĹȻԣҶȴԶѩҲȵѹһͷƲʲôҶĺʹѾ߰ذһͷȥˡ
Ұһķ䣡ѾԶȥʱҶĻԼѾͷôѾ˵š
ѩһͬ뿪߱ոյõйְϢ
һְλϣǶɽһ˺ˣ
ѩĻͺҶĶΪȻһְĽ֣ӦþܵóһĽҶĵɽܹסôְｫɽΪԺɴڵж״̬Ҳܹ˵ˡ
ɽҲԸȶķչԼֻԭҶģְﳹƽݵļƻҪϸʱˡ
ְȻѾڽĴɣȲ˵ʵΣºôӦԣһ־֮ƣƳȷй֮
ҶڶְҲЩɵûϵְﶯôһ־ϣǲȳṫҲ̫ĺ֡ҶܵסһҪϣֲ˺á
ΪųɽϵϢ֮Ӧְܹɵ֣ͬʱٴγսһʱ䣬ְֻȻһʼ͵ϣЩҲ֪
ݣɽӦҲЩ˵˻Ǹ̫٣ֻҶһõóֵս
Ȼе㵣ǣ˵ȴڸ˴ǻƹԣŭ书ӦǿһߣͬʱŭӦҲȳṫҲһ㣬ɽҲûһս֮
οȳѶȥְＴ㲻սҲµ𣬶һЩʱ䣬ֻҪǺúʱסְҲκҵȲã
ô˵ҶȴʼҪҪɽȥţɸ֡ôƺе㶪ȴΪհȫġ
¼һҶľͻȥдȥˣ֮ȻѡΪϤˣдúŷãȻʹ˽ƽԼסԺ
ƽҲûбѡȻͽܣǴͽ껹Сɳȥʵ޷ģͽǾ͸˵ˡ
ֻƽպãнƽݵؽҲǹȥˡѧȫķʱղ࣬Ҳвзǲһʱѧĳɵġ
ˣҶһʼûֱӷԸͽܵĹ
ƽ֪ҶĻΪ£ֻԼʦҪУԼȫ潣ѾȫѧˣֻﾫҪͨ͸
Ҷֱ֮Ӿ͵ôȫķԼȫ潣ҲһֻƷûʲô츳ѧ֮ΪٻҶҲûмߴ٣ֻ顣ǽϵҶľָԲһٺǳ⡣
ǿȵָ£ƽֻ˺̵ܶʱͽȫ潣ȫѧᣬȻйؼڣǿʹ˶ԵҲǲСͻ廢ŵ书ʹһ˻мܲס
ҶĽƽԼǽ廢ŵʾһȻֽȫ潣ʹһ飬ŵ׹򣬵ѾСɣȴſţŹһһ̣ƥ䣬зûʹãҲо⹦򣡽ɽֻһЩͨëԳԵСҲ򣡡
ƽʦԼ·ԸԼȥ죬̸ɽһʣҲʣֻǵˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷֽǷŵݸ͵ɽϣǵҪָĪҪת
ĽǷŽӹȻպòżʵʦʲôԸ𣿡
Ҷ룬˰֣Щˣ£վɽɣȥǻɽλظ㶼Ҫ̻֪ͨңǻɽϻشôֱӻǣţ
ǣʦ
ƽ˵ͳȥˣҶĿƽʧų̾˿
ڰȱһ£ʮֿáǰɽԸɽɽˣ˵˾ǿɽǱȴɲһˣɽվλϵġְֶܷ棬ɽɶԵõ档
ȴѾǰҶһΤЩַųɱ˳ṫҵϢɽʵ֮ѳɽɵԤϣʱˣȻɽΪ׵˼
ɽֱܹ仯𣿻˵ɽܹһСͻȻǵͷ
̸ģֻɽһ£ٶԱ类ṫʮƴЩһ£֮Ѿ֮ײɽɵǲŻɽɵģΪƽݴͳĻɽɣܹ
Ȼɽɲ̾ͺɽɷںϸʲôĻġǶҪʲôֻҪһԿӣɽɺְƴ˸ܾǾʤ
£ƽݵľѾСɽϻɽսԿǿְˣ㶦֮ƣκͻֻõ͵Ц
Ƶı仯϶ûɽɵŸıԭ뷨ҶѾʼ˼Ƿܺԭһһʡ
ȻҶΪƷڵõԼźӦòƴǡǻɽʲô뷨ԼµĺȥһѾΪֵȭ
Щ߰飬ʵӦóɵУͱԭôɣȻʱĦȴûзּҵľǵɴͬһͬʱʵ޼ʱ򣬳ûʲôˡ
ϾЩŴɵĸݵضԶʱڵĽ֮ͨû̫ͻġ
ӡʲôģǶܱ֤ԼΧһĶֵԼһ֡˶ֻʣ¡ɽɺͻɽξڣƽݵĵԴʲôıͲԭôʢƽ֣ҲĽɶ޷׳
Ψһİ취ǽһɲȥԼΪƽݵһɣĵԴȫнԭıһϯ֮ءһʹպϵЩ˼ҲҪİɣȻԶĻһɵӰ֮¡
ƽȥѾգҶİԹһӦѾ˻ɽٹһʱ䣬Լ֪ɽɵǸʲô̬ˡ
ô֤ɽĿǰһҪְƽݡǲôͲ˵ˣ䲻̾ͷĿɳ𣬵ǰһһӳźǾԲˡ
ͬʱְǱߴϢҲǹ죬Ϊְƽݷֶ棬ʱۼϣվӦɽɱ
ϾȻһͷֶ˷ֶճǹŭ쿶ҲûгֹĪ˵ɽɵ鷳ˣְЩɢڸĵҲ˻ȥ
͵˼ǣְʲô⣬Ǿ׼Ǳǰ
͵ĻҶΪȻɲҷɣÿճ˲ӣǹԼľ硣
Դϼ񹦴Ժ侹Ȼ֪μȥˣֻյĥڹΪͲͣĥеʽҺúȪЧɲףҶĽ뺮֮ȻѾͨأڹɻڽС
ҶںڵĺȪﵱȴܽȪȪ۴ĺȪǺأΪǺȪȪ֮ˮǣԴ֪϶ٱҶļȫҲֻܴƬ̣Դˡ
ǴνȪͻأṫһƿɰ˲æɺ˳ʱʲôʱһԣ֪⺮ȪȪ۶ôֲѹԼȥṫΪԼɡ
ôһ̵ӣͬʱҶĻΪһѣԼĵӾȻ̵һЩĻ֪ʶԼȻõԴȻá
˷ѣ
Ϊ˱˷ȥҶҪ״ӣÿҪһʱڿΣҲٸָŵӣһĽ顪͵ʱʾ飬Ҷһ䣺ȹЩ뼸ϷͿԽˣ˻ȥ
ͬʱѩС๦ɻĽšɼȱˣС๦һЩ֮ȻѾܹ¶ѩҶĹ֮ʱȻʹȫ潣Ҷ֪ϸҲᱻѩȫ潣ŪȥֻԼ佫⽣ѧˡ
һԵ;ûƳѩ׽ȫС๦ʹģǼҲһˣһʣʦƿɲʦʹĲǲ֪ʲôʱɵģ
Ҷĵʱû뵽ѩͻȻʹЩЩһĵȥŵʦõС๦ɾˣ
ѩԼһƾȻʹģʵС๦߶˾ֻǳֵʱģҶʹʱӣЧȻһ޶濪ĵĲˣԼıӣߺߣһʹĲɣ
ʱͲ׹ѩһԭС๦߶޵⹦Ľ
Ҷһֻۣͺˡ;Ȼ͵һ²ԶأԳˮĻأһǾô޼һЩ
˳͵ĿȥҶҲ˵ʲôˡ
ЩӣɽסɽԼ͵һЩ鶼֪˸ţͬʱҶľȻɱṫҸе޷š
;Ȼ˲еʮַ߿Ҫһǣòʳ;Ȼǲͯӹ
ô찡
ʱصһֱͰ˺ð죬ºܵҶлͣÿʦŪһξѰˣ
ʱҶĪֱڶؿ֮ͣĳ򣬲Ųµһš
ļضҶĵ̬ʵ˵ϹҶɽţ͵ʦ޷ıһ㡣ǺѩĹϵ˲٣һ䡮㡯еһ𡪡ҶֱѾͷȻֻһСѾͷѣȻѩСһꡣ
ҪӼҵºǲš
͵ͷ
ôСѾɽˣ
͵͵Ůиҵ
ҶŻȻĵ˵ͷȻֱϢѩתҪȥɽ׼鱾ȥԼϿΣʱҪѧϰ
˶ˣԺֻʣ˻غҶģǻƳһҶĺͻȻʵ˵ɱ˳ṫң
ţ
ƲƲ죺϶Ǵţṫôɱôģ˼һƾͰĳˣʲôɱǸӣ
Ҷĵᣬĳɽ̿ĿܸһЩ
ͻȻչ˵˵Ȼʲôѧţɽɵ书඼Դģ
ҶļͷҲУ˵Լñٻģǽ⡣
뵽Լ̬ȺܺõĵͷӦǻǿļֿͣʼҶǹŪһ޼ʵǱŲľġ
ûû˵ͣҶˣֻǱȴ΢΢һЦǻʵ֪ôɱṫô
Ȼ²мǺ֮ȴ಻ȥתʵôɱģ
ҶͻȻһ״Σ֮£ͻȻһƾвɱṫң
ʲôУ
ҶĺٺһЦпˣеֱ㻽豦֣һʹɽаᣬǽ˴Բ⣬ȫƾһ˵˾䣺ʶ𣿡
Ȼе㲻Ծֲ֪ﲻԾԻǵͷ
ҶĺٺһЦϲָɽͻȻ۾һһּֿظӦֻǱܵı۾ÿҶһ¾ǹŻϸûʹ˫һ֡
ɼˣ۾һ»ǺۣزɵĲҽһѽ
Ҷֶһ䣺Ӿᣡ
˶۾Ļأ˼ͺͻˣһ˵УҲˣ


104 ӣ
صУҶֱ·Ŀʼйָȵָ۷֮ʱʹϼԼʳָȥ
һǰǲ֮ͬʱ㾭ٹͨһ·ҲĿİģʮɵָָҲʣ߰˳ɡ⻹Ϊʳָһ·ѾŴʹãҪͨ˲֪١
Ҷ⽫ָָʮ²һ룬ٻĶ͸ˡ
תΪϼҶķмɬ֮УȻҲ͹ͨغྭӳͨйأǿҲʵһϰ赲סʮɹָϣʮɶָ˽ȥ
һҲܳö
һ˸ɾֻһפڵﵱУζĲģҶĵıֻҪӣôĶٶָܻҲȡǾ͵ڷһڹûʲô
ÿٻʱҶĶҪСָ棬ÿÿͷʱָͻԶֹͣҶʮֵ˽⡣
תһϼ񹦣΢ָһЩ֮ҶĲ۾ٻĴˣѾǰ㼱ڲ鿴Լõʲô
ڿҪȵȶˣ
Ҫҳһ䣬ҶĽϵǸ˵ǰĿĸ־ҶĺǾȡޡ
ôŪ⹦񲢲ʮǿɣ
ʵҶԴϼ񹦴ɺ󣬾ڴܹõһǿԼһȭƵԽܣٵõһڹڹķ᲻ͻȲ̸ڹʱվþͲܳܵġ
ڴŪʮƻ֮ǿԼٶǸʲôŭĿչϵʱ򣬾ƽʤ㡣Ϊ׹ȲԼĿǰѧͻܹ˲ʹߵս
ڶ¾ŽȻʲôûпǹ¾ŽԵҪʵ̫̬ˣҶĸͲȷԼǷܹһĪĿھ罵ʮձƵҲʵ书ʵá
ȻΪ׹Ҫ澭ӣûо澭мò˵ġҶĿɲΪָ󷽵һƷͬʱ׹۵ƷҪ⾳Ҫĵָ˿Ǹʨĺ϶١
ҶΪʲôʨΪѹͲȥʨؼ֪ô书ԭʵ޷⡣Ҫˣͻ߷ɳҲܹĵˡ
һṦҲð
ţҶĽؼ˿ϸжΣⱾҲһϵȵؼܲȿ˵ĲָؼܹһҲûκΰ
ؼһ֮Ҷķ޵ĹھҪԼĻ࣬Ϊ޸㲻һ״ڹ
˵ڹ˵һӦ÷ŸΪ׼ȷȻصйʽйʽΪƶ޵һЩЧڵģӰʹ߱ڹ
һЩԭ书ϸڣҶܹʵڲֻ࣬ǵΨһʹ׹ϯӦǱС˵֮һŪˡ书Ȼĺ棬սȴûʲô֮Ҳͱʹ߾ȻǵжԵġ
ΪҶǰĵʱ򿴵һᵽ򣬿ǲ׹ġ
Ǹ̽ⲿΪ޵湦ϯӦԴģħ߱ʹڵ书
ԭƴдһöޱȾڡǰһ»˵ϯӦħԴһ湦ޣޱȣҲ޲ڡ֮̾ͱˣϯӦħɵޣʵС
˸Ǻεȵײа
ҶĴʱҲܺ书ôģȥֻڿͷһ䡮ħűħߣ
ָҲ͵ˣ
ϯӦħԴǴħѧǳħߣָȻѡôһģɵĴ𰸡
˵ΪʲôֱӰħ߸ң
ҶͻȻһԼָȻ֪Ϊǳ׳աһͽħ߶Ū˳Ϊ书ôħռѧһҲһӵġ
ҪǣħյѧڡҶĲ֪ڲգпܽӴʱе档
ˣҶĽ˼˻רķⱾ棬ϸͨһ֮ҶľϲķԼҪΪѧļԵˣȫƾϼ߶ޡ
֮ڿӰ˵жͺڶԷϲһһжĳٻȻҪԿࡣҶʱõĻǸ˿һ״̬١ٻһϣʮҲʹ߷ȻԸֵӰʵޱ
ҶĻǳˣΪҲһĹˣֵˡ
˵ĵطǣԼԴ޵һЩʹüչ
ؼԣֻҪʹһΧڵ˶ܵӰ죬̶԰ΡڹҪ̫ߣҶҲĲЩֻݵȫƾϸ΢ĲӸǿս
һеʱԼǣһԴȥȻôӦЧ޹׾һײķһǿеġ
ҲԼΧȻһӰľͻΪ̣ȴҲǿϾڲͣƶ˭Ҳܱ֤ԼһֵԷԼߣǶԷֻѡӲˡ
Ǳħˡ
ԽԽŹǳʺڵԼҶȲľͿʼҺǰһЩҪҶѾʲô⣬ԳڽĿ죬ֻһҹͽĹˡ
ֻΪļ㾳Ȼʹãȴ޷ʹó
ϼ񹦱óҶʹǵӦ˿Ǹոտʼϰӡ
ͬʱҶʹ޵ʱȻƣȴûгƤϵҲϼ񹦴йϵ
ΪҪأû뵽ϼԺ޵Ҳߵˣ
һЦԳ任Ƭ̾֯һŴ־ϵĲ豭һץһգǲ豭סֱ֮ӾͱҶק˹һգ۵ĹС
⹦򲻴ֻƺ̫ˣ
ͷҶķƺҲѽֻҪߵ£ƺͲ¶Ҳץˣˣ˧ǶԵУüԺԲơ
һ̽ڴ齱ϵıʷɳҶϣȻֻ£Ҷǽһֱʶȥ
޿ƳȥƣȻֱɹ齣ʣֻѶϵ̫ߣȫѧ߿ƵĺõģԽ΢ƫһЩǽϿһ֮󵯷ɵһԡ
šûôϰϰҲҶŹƿأ
źãҶͻȻԼĹƺǿĹϼ񹦻ޣǿϸ΢ٿءҶĿһǿϸ´ĹϯӦô󿪴ֱֱȥãֱǱ˷һ湦
ҪúãҶܹʹתƻǬŲƵЧԼ޴߶׸ֻ̫ȭ֮ԵС
ô˵Ҷǵõһ׺ùһǵ¾ʹõġ弴õĶĺöͲٻһΣûи书
ˣ̰ãȰľ˵ɣҶֽȻߵʱһһûܶҲһ׼һ㡣
ɡޣҶȻüɲְܴϣǼҪͬʱ˽֣ԱҲûˡ
ҶߵõȻƴǱ߹ŭȴüͷŲ˵
ṫɽˣ
һھȷ˵ϢϢʵʹ˹ְﲢܿ϶Ϣ٣ȷһȷеĽۡ
Ѿɢƽݸİڻصֶ浱ˣЩӾͱЩˣŭüͷҲš
쿵˵ͷȴû˵ڰŭҲƽݺܲΪȻΪֻҪԼһƽ»ֵ뵽ҪԼԤϵĻҪֵĶ࣬ڿȥɽ鷳ṫҶ
ܹṫһսȴΪԼܹǸ߶߶ļһɱԷˡ
ǲɽʲôƲɱǸӣĲ²⣬Ϊź˶һƽĬĬţͻȻðİɾȻԽɱ
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ĻԼȥṫһǸṫҵƶܶɽɵʵһֱ۵˽⡣
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أǾɽкṫʵӽĸ֣ȴûǿˣ˴˸ϡﻩ˭ҲûռˡĻŭҲ£ǳûֱӴżˡ
ǧ㣬ûṫֱɽ档һôɽɵʵṫϵʲô磿ŭԼṫǿܵɽҳӣ᲻Ҳһȥأ
쿴ʱ뷨Ҳ࣬˾ô㶵Ѱ˼ɽɵսﵽʲô̶ȣְƽݵĿԽ
ģȥۣô鷳ʲôɴȥɽһˣҵҪɽǲ̶Ѩ˵쿾ὣȥҪȥɽɵʵˣԼ᲻Ҳȴ벻ôˡ
ŭ״̽쿸ֹ֣ôЩ洳ȥ𣿡
ȻͬΪĴϣǹŭĴ֮ףƺɲһ裬ʵʵڵı˸һȡ
쿱һ٣вʵ˻ȥô죿ǲȥѵǣ
ŭֻǵͷ˼ͣ


105 
ǻڱԹ֮ԣû룬ǹŭˣȴ뵽ʲôһֹס쿵ıԹԴϸ˼һ͵һǰʯ԰ɽҪǿƥƾһ˵ȥǣӦô˲ǣȻйŹ֣
ԽԽˣŭĵͨйؼ֮¾ȻЦһɨһʯۡԭղһƣڲԾʯһӡ쿼ӡԾϵĹ־ˣ
ŭЦһǵȷͨйؼ¿һ쿡ȻλĴ֮ףǰҲû涨λþһӶԼ߶Ǿòܶˣʱʱ¶ЩֶΣһС˰ʱΥܲˡ
ȻһñеСžŵ̽ǵȻ󹧹ĶŹŭȻѾ֪ɽɸǹʲŻǣֱɱɽˣ֣ɽɶȻмܡ
ⷬȻǰǸ飬ȴί˲٣ΪŭȻӦȴҡҡͷ缸ͨлڣҶ᳤һɱɽȥֻ¡ͬʱûɽɵʵʵӦòṫһǿ
ѵɽɱṫһǼٵģ
Ӧģŭ£ʯ˼ãֻɽɲûΪôǿǼɱ˳ҲǸ˲ҵĴۣͬʱһЩɺϲûôɱṫҺȴɲ죬ţ
ΨһĽͣɽɵʵôǿҲڼɵͻȻɱȥԷųϢʲ󣬺ʱ䡭˵ŭеԺˣΪʼ಻ס
Ҳףʱ䣿ʱʲôãƺӲ˶೤ʱɣô̵ʱЩʲô
ȱܹṫҽֵǸˣҪʱָŭ˰üģֻֿˣ
ɲΪɽܹô̵ʱܴ󲽵ʵΪǸ˵书ΪٸȻ̵ǶǶʱܹγսģֱӱӵˡ
⣬ְҲյִ˷ʢǽһһĴ£ҵȾƲΪһɽɾʹŭȡһţȴְױżΪԼڳصľҪͷһţйŭְμӴ˴ʢᡣ
֪ΪθղŹŭ˵ϼգһͬɽȴǲܡԭΪԭǱ˸ҪҪȥһŭ뿪ְֶսԾҪ½һΡ
Ҳɵû˵ʲôԼ˾Ϳɽɣ˼ɽŪʵûԼ˹ôǿٲҲӦһ˶ٵĸֻ֣ṫҾͶ˵ôܷǸŪˣ
ְ֮ţֻҪȵŭԭɽɸ֮Ҳ͵ˡ
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صʲôȻǸ͵ҲʮԼģְôһҶĲӣǱɽˣʱһûɽɵƾһ֡
ͺñڿƶݣһźҪ˵Ǳһ˸ӦʿȻֱ½ŪþһսĽʵϴʱǲģµ۾ͲҪˣ
Ҷ֪Ҳᰵ̾һıǲӣǲñԼҵ׾͵ɢȥˡԼ˵Ӷҽӣô˼Ҵ
쿴ʱҲòϣŭܳΪĴ֮ף书
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ѩ׼طϢԼͷϵӲɡ
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ҶĿǹŽŵҲһ̣¾ֻѧʵ̫ˣһȥѧЩѧԨԴЩ鱾֪ʶʮǰѧ˸ˡȻûʲôģ֪ʶǾֻʦˣҲͷǵķӡ
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ѩһֱҶˣһ֣ԼʦЩպһľٶΪʲôʦЩӾΪĹô
Ҷĵͷһ״Ϊѩ˵ʲôô书ʦֶܴʦ̫ˡ
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Ͳ˵⼸ҲҶ߶߶ʱʱôһ¸ĹǺͬʱʦֹеʱܾûܵĺܣʲô޵Ĺʵ̫죬ԼͲ֪ӦԡͲҶĲ٣޶ӰأֻҪҶĵϣƶѣ˵
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ǹôԴ˼˵ҲҶĲˣȥԼʦ˹еá
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ŶҶҲȥֱͣʵְҪɽ𣿡ɭ壬ְֻ㳲ԲŻѯʡ
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ҶĬһԵҲͷ˼ͣͬʱ̾˿ְǰҪ̽أ
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106 Ҷ
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û뵽Ҳûȶʹһ֮ȻʼԾԱƳȥԶһƽƺǻڵ˰һ䣺ģ
ԭװ磬ڶ鵱ҪԴ̽ɽʵŭǲԸģáǰȥȺµļʶѱαΪ˵˶Է󣬾ôһͬŶ鵱С
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쿰ҶľȻԼЩ˶дɽ̫ˡҶЦһ£ֱӻ˾䣺ĿǰĹϵƺûҪԲˮдλ
һֱӾָڻǽ״̬УҪĻˮûеģֱӳǿǴ˴ɽԲûô
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Ȼ᳤ȤԵ㣡
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һɷչĲô֡ӡСǮơûй̶Դе书Ҳ֧֣ϾɿɲȶҪǮĵطʵ̫ࡣܶɶǿһϡе书ˡ
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ȻˣһصĸֻҪŻסһʱҶŵԼ׹֮ǵȾѵĻԼͲĴˡ
Ȼ֮ѾдȶҲҶûֵԭಫܾͲôݵöԷȹˣ϶ǳûȻ޵ԸŶԷֻҪԷ¶һ̾ĹֱӽûɱҲԴܶ֡
ȴȫ֪Ҷ룬ԻԼȽǱд裬Լ׼ҪͬʱҲɽһӰֻԼղȫǶԷûɱ֣Ҷɱ½ּѷʤԶҶĲԾЩ˵ˣϻһŷǿΪ硣
նлҶ飡ȥضоҶŵĵ˵ʩһ񣬻ͷ԰һֱ֣ӴһȺ˺ɽȥˡ
ȵԶҶĲųһ
⻹һװˣҪ˵ǲܵģղһ̣֮ǰʱһͻȻȻ¶Էƴ¶Է˲εĶ
˵ǣһĲɹĺסְﳤϣȻ֪ܹסʱ䣬ֻܹһΣֻҪְֶ֮˳ɽɵķչ谭
ҲеƵǱʰ


107 
Ҷĺ֮󣬺ҽĲǸŭȻûмǸһͬʱҲûͶԷչ棬Ϳְ⼸Ӧԣ˳ơŭĿաְĴ֮ףͲһ
ҴȥӦʲôΣգɽΪģ
֮ҶľͽɽɵҪﶼеһһΪ˰ԼźһӦ񣬶ǰĲصԼİȫҺãһս˶֪ҶĹоȫԴְȫˣԵҲûȰĪҪա
ȻǾӲΣǽ֮µ˼ܽȴһ󣬲뻢ѨɵûӣҲ֪һûг
ɽ֮ÿսŻɽıؾ֮·ϰŰڣְﲻڳû͵ϮⲻһЩС֮ɽɣ
Ҷڵǲְû͵ϮϾԼǰȥְְһģǴʱ͵Ϯɽɣôְɾĳ£Ҳˣ
ְŵʱСδţҪʹһС£ƽݣٽһЩʿְ֪ɽ̸һ·ϴģڲ֪ж˶ְɽɣʱְʵ顣
Ȼ˵ｻսϾ಻ͬͱڣ伫֮ĶҪиĹءְҪģôٲЩıƣͽЦ
ȻҶҲųְﰵʹһЩɽɹȥǻֿҶĲҪɽÿյѲ֮ʱҪصĵص㣬ҪӰڡ
ȭŵԴӱҴ֮ûѶ˴ɽܿЩʲôһҪСģ
ʱѩͶӮ棬Ҷĵǲ˴򲻹ȭšֻǵȭŰˣʲôУһȴɽµıڡɽһһڣûһ߱ḻĽ飬ıʲôɽˣ
ʦ֣˴ͬȥ
ѩ룬Լе㵣Լʦ֣ҶľȻҪһ˲·һ˶ȻԵúƣʲô飬ȴӦ˶ûС
ˣʦĹ»Ҫڼʱжϵǰ˵ͣλʦܴʱû˵ҪһͬǰΪĴ޼ЩվȻĽͣҶѰ˼ԼҲʦܵĹͻˡ
ѪĹЧǺʮ㣬ⶼ¶ͻȻã
ԣʹʱ벻ɽģĽô˻Ҫһأͬʱ޼˴ɣɽҲһλ֣ԺŻϢĵչƽ
ʦʹĵҲ𣿡
ˣ
¶ŬĹؼ׶ΣҪȥʶʱ磬ϼ˵١
ʦʦܻôʱεѾ޼ٹһ꣬ˣʱһûʲôˡʱڣһ˵Ѽһʵô
ҶЦЦҹ㣬ƽܻûɽڵʦܣǻɽɾǸʲô̬ȣҲģ
û䣬еӽͨ˵ƽҶֱһ֣ǵӽƽֻƬ̺ͼ˷糾͵ͽܡ
ʦиУ
ƽһɫǸҶģԸûаá
ʵҶһƽһ˹Ͳ³˸ţһڣȷ룺ô
ֻŵʱһ棬ҲδҪݷãɽɵҲǰٰѣֻҪѲһ˵ƽһӻǻɽЩӣǸŵҲĲˣ˶ǰͷñǿ׶ƽϤ̣ͳ鵶Ѿˡ
ԼҪ磬˵ؾ˵£ƽ˵ԼҲǲǹһ䳰ȷƽ޲ֱתȥʵҲ࣬һƣ׶ԷԼ磬תֱӾͻˡ
Ҷƽ˾˼һ̾һɽǷֵˣ
ʵҲûôأֻǻɽɵźԲڼɽôٵķչǴɽۻ˼ɽĳŲȥˣɽɻǻʧ˱
ȻѾʼҶģôҶȻͲὫ䵱ѣʱʼѰ˼ƽְһºԼɽɻ᲻뻢ɽֳ
Զˡ
ҡҡͷҶĽЩӰ˵ͷ˦˳ȥƽ֮ʱô˵
ƽ˼ź󣬵¾˵˵ԼŲˣҲԴŵǰȭ
Ҷĵ˵ͷǱʦסˣҲɽɵԮ֣Ҳ͵Ϊֹ
ʵǹһڹԼһͨķȡɽɵδľ֡϶˵ԶԼǰСûѡʸѾɳԱʵǾͲҪǰ㱻ɽڼȻƣôҲûҪϸŰͽԷˣʵĽʾͿɡ
һԼͽܣҶּ򵥵ӽһԼɽ飬ڻǿ뿪һҪСĽƽȻʱ䲻ȴҲɽɵĶ˴κúλʦػɽţ
ƽͷӦǣʵʦɽźô
ҶҡͷЦŵʦҪǺ磬˶˷
Ȼ˲֪ǸʲôҲʲôôʣϴʱҲǸʺ˵Цĵʱ򣬱ûʡ
һ̸ֱ䣬Ҷĵ˾䣺Էգ԰˷Ҿֱɽˣ
ѩô
ҶЦŵɽҾɽЪϢһգһҲֱˣҪȥûʲôˣ
ʦֲ׼׼
Ҷһ̯׼ʲôЩѳӣ
ĵϷתһҲȷʵûʲô׼ģҶȥ׼һս˶׸
ֻѩùһţƤСӣݵҶͭǮĴӣһöʦִϰɣΪǬһÿÿҪķѴͭǮôһţƤӣҶΪַ죬Ҳû׼ⶫ
ʱ£ٲһսҶǰַ϶ҲõǼ֮ʱûͭǮǿ⣬ѩ֪Ҷֲ౸ͭǮԱԼĸ
Ҷֽӹһ£أװĶͭǮѩһЦȴԼʦû飬ȻֱӰԴŤһߡ
˷ҵı飡
ε߶ţҶһкһãͬʱţƤһңһѳֱӾɽȥ
ֻǿ۳аȱĽˣЩӹ޲ĹУʲôȴˣֻɽȥ򣬳ķѲҲ̸Ҳίʵϲ̨棡
ԼǴָὣľҪʹӲһѳϣÿޱȵơ
˷ɽܰȻ;ǸѰһù
˱ùܴЩ˵ũߣЩ֮Ҹ̾ͱҶճ̡
̤ɽţҶĲû߼Ͳһƿ֮Լ˲δΣĹ⾰ΧûʲôˣҶļԶ
תһٻӰƮƮһԼǰվҶĿŲ֪ΪʲôʦҲ˵ôѩվڱҶĿ˺һҲ˵˲űһ䣺ɽ
ţ
ҶĻ˵Щʲôƪۣ뵽ȻôƮƮһ䣬ѩоԼͺһȭ˿һ㡣ֻʵǲ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôֻɵ㶵Ҷһһߡ
ҶĲ˵ѩҲ˵ĵɽУʲôв֮ĺƿ˸Ϸӣһ·֨֨ѽѽڶ
ȴЩᷳΧľԼ㣬˸оһֱƽ͡һһӡɽȥ·ֻʣˣҶĻѩһͻȻ𣺡ҪһֱȥǸöãͷ
ѩ͵͵һԼʦ֣ҶҲһµڿ̾ͽĿת˹ȻĿбӵľôǰߣȵعʱѾվɽ¡
ɽˣˣȥЩһᵣģ
ѩûͣ˼Ҷֻóʱѩž˾Ȼ֪Ѿߵɽ£ʦȰԼȥʶԼ˵ĻȻһ䶼û˵
ʦ֡
ʲôԼʦŤŤʵټһҶļҪԼδ书ǴΡ֪ǲϡΪҶĲòϣѩˣκܲһֱ͸ͣ
ҺѩûŤ̫ʱ䣬ֻƬ̣ʹӻȡһ£ݵҶţ
ʲôҶֽӹֻһƬȣѩŵʱ䳤ˣƮңʲô
ѩŤŤģʱȴֲ֪λش𣬿˼ͻȻôô£žʹţ˵ҶľȻҪҴ򿪣ֹ׼͵
ŶӦһòҵĶպãзѩˣ
ȥأųԼֵҶģѩ΢ЦŻ˻֣һҶĲ˻þ·һԼɷϰࡣ
˼£ҲǵԼӦģ֮ȵع֮˾ȻѾɽسˡ
ҵṦѵôࣿһգ۾͵سˣ
ȴ֪ѩԼʦɵ㶵سǷȥʱ򣬷߷ߵֹһľͷȻʹṦֱӻɽȥˡ
˵ҶģسЪϢһҹڶһسﵹǲõĳסˣɽھ⣬ҲмջȫɽɵĲҵΪɽţҿջĺ̨ϰ壬ԴסȻ˰ŵ׵
һ糿һӦϴƷͶҶǰɽ˼ִķԷźˡ
ֻϧźǸүǣ
ɭһԲ֪Լʦʲôһ߻㱨ſջЩӵһѯҶʲôҪġ
ûʲôȥæľˣҳˣ
ʦ
ʲôֲͣϰʮģһٷûӪĶԻнȵҶ߳ջ׼سȥʱͻȻֱͷȻ˼ҴҵǡúԼһ
ʵϣҶĺͷûʲô飬Ҳһ֮ԵǱزͷƤʵ۵ĻҶĻ治ϳˡ
ϲԷԷϲͷɫҴҵĴ˼УͻȻҶĺ̾ͷ˽ŲȻֱֱҶ
þòˣû뵽ȻƼҶţ˵˴ҶһƣԶǸмջ̻ȻΪزͷмջ˭ĲҵȻһ
ͷȷǺþò֪һģͷɫҴΪ£һ˵ûʲô˼ͷһ䣺Щ£Ҳȥʵʲô¡
뵽ԼûأͷȻ˳ƾһ䣺ֵѰҶŻϣֵһѰ


108 ɱ
Ҷļλزͷһѱһӣ޲ֱһͳѾһ䣺Һиƨ֣
ֻվֻ氵ˬһ¶ѣҪж鷳ʤҶҪһãڿѵһţԼҲλͷտҲӡ
ͷôˣʲô鷳ֱ˵ǣҶĻ޵ᵽֻҪ鷳˳ְͷһҲʲô˵ģ
ƽݶ֪ҶĽְ׼ɽȥ硣ӢۺܶˣΪһزͷȻܲ
ͷȻ֪ҶҪ»ôҪôСһ׮ҶΪ˼һ½飬ҪôԾЩ֡
ȻҶĳڻӦ֮ϲæ¶ЩͨĲȻǼֵĺܣҶţȻСһ׮
˵һָǰ·Ǳ̸߱Ҫ£ҶŵǲҪıг̣
ҶԼ֮·ûʲôͻͷŻ֪Ҷڲͻǰ£϶һӵġ
˲ǰУֻһͳɽأɽȥҶ·Ҳ֪ԭ»ɽص飬ƽݸ˺ģȫݵĲͷץ뾳ĴˣҪǸĹ߷ץס
Ĺ߷ʲôȻǵݸ
һ˵񼫲񹲷ߵĶٸٻôȥץĶҲҪһݸģ͢Ȼɳڸµ׷ɱ
ԣһݸƴץһ˵൱ټϡ¡Ҳ֪λʲô飬Ȼǵݸ˶ôĸλ
ˣƣԼЩ룬ƵĺҶĵҶţ³ҿڣ˾ĪҪˣ
Ҷĵͷʡģ¹ƲôҲͰˣҽ鷳
˵ݸǰЩһС檣С˱Ȼݸϲֻû뵽뷿еһգݸ˺ȵĶ˾ûܶǶռͷ㡭˵Ҳ֪뵽ʲôϱһ죬ЦֲЦӲŵĸо
ҶɫҲȥʱҲһŤЦЩˣͷ㡭˵Ǹɻ뵽˴ҶĶǸ͵ݸ˷ȼҲͲеˣû˭ܵ顣
˼εļݸǣǶ˲ռͷ㣬˳ǣݸļŻīЩ˵ҲǼǧӵĺöݸЩıȥ
ҶҲ֪νӿˣͦǸǵģ͵˲㻹͵һ͵͵ݸļУҲ߯ҲˡҪ˵ɻҶ൱С
˵Ͳ˵ҶҲ״ҪЩʲôˡ
ȻһʱҶʲôҲûʡ֪ĻѾ֪һæ򳡡Ǹʲôٿ϶ѾȺգ˷ȥץġ
ֻǽ˸ȥ˻Ǹ͵͵ְרҵĸ֣ʹṦȺһֻܸɵۡ
ҶĻͷһۣﻹмǲװˣʱֻһЩۣʱˣЩ˹ͷȭġȻЩ˹ϡƽҲʤޡ
²صĲҲһ޶ẰЩʶĽųų棬ǵݸµĸصĲͷܽץסǲǴݸǰ¶һ
ҶҪ֪ɽصү϶ͷؽǸĶܵȻ͵ݸȥȻҶĵĲ²⣬Ӧü֮Ĵʣԭ˼
ЩôںΪ⼸Щèʽļһܹʲôá
ղ˵Ĳ࣬ȴҶķһЩȽϹؼϢ
Ǵӱĵطģƽݺ˳ǼӡǰڱĵطҲûٷȴû𵱵صľ޴󷴵ΨһĽ;ʱй˼ɣ̫֡
ƽݾôţҲǶԼΪţΪƽûʲôܹסԼ
ĻṦȻЩŵȴҲޡԭҲһ޶ţǻôСģ
һ·УձɽأϴҶˣѾ˺þãֻɻǵϴһ顣
ͷȥñȻҶ˵˾䣺ҶţǶסسһҽٻ԰ĹΧѾֵܸΧͰһ㣬ǸˣǾҪʼץˣ
Ŷ
һ·ǰٻ԰ȥҶµǲͷλѾֻǵȴûʲôӦ޿֣޲ˡ
ǵڶ֣һҲûʲôˣ￴һٲ׽ĶϷͷ׳ͿԼԼг̡
ǵڶֵĻ
ҶƣֻΧ˲ˣֳֹϾȻΧİ˵ЦƺΪ
Ҷɻ֮ɫ˳ĿһƱ鼴ȻΪҶĽǱصľڣ
ľ
ɽȻȺɽƣɽƶƽɽïܣ˶Ϊֻ˶ˣоףö֮γһͬʱҲǱ֤˲ᱻΪΪľͷγɵİɣԾͽľչҲָ
Ŷ
Ҷ֪ԭɽҪȻľģس涼ɽɽָïܵһ壬ԴΪҲϡ档
Ȼǿɽɽˮˮ
תɽʼǸСسǣΪɽʵûʲôɫĶֲʲôͨʺѹֹģչƱŵɽ٣λ̫үҲһˡ
˵䣬Ǳк˵˼󣬻ҶĵǾҪȥץСˣҶһ𣿡Ϊ뵽ҶعҲӲԼˣ뵽Լ˵㣬ɽصֵܾȻþ͵
ôԼһڲҲˡֻΪҶĻгֵĻᣬҶ˵һͬȥҲδ⡣
һȺһٻ԰Ҷվſƣڽֱ˸Ӿ
Ȿһ̯ͨЩ棬ҲˮˣڴЪЪŵҲ޲ɡֻӣ£ҶһһÿǸʵˣЦλСȥǰٻ԰ѰЩӵİɣǱˣٲҪץǡö棬ָҪڵʲôʱأ
Ҷһ㶣֪ˣҲֻͣЦҡҡͷ
ֻҶǲ֪£˺ֽȥЩʧҲΪ⣬ԹԵԼһ˵ҶĲ֪ͬλȻľİڣҲǰﱾصĲΧĴ
Ǹʲôǲѷˣ˵ôٲǰһٶôһΧ˭ܳȥ
һԳȴĪҪ˵ôԣ˵Ǵԭָ֣ȥĽЩٲסȺҲ޿κΣ
ôȥ񣬻ô
Ҷһ֪λ˲ûָ֣ʶ߲Ȼֲ֪˼ңһ뵽ԼλеġˡĴڣһЦ⡣
һЦûȻ˵ȴһֱעҶģҶһֵƣòߵ벻עĿѣοʱȻֱߵС̯£Աߣ벻עС
Ȼ˵ԻȴʱʱҶƳҶΪһֱŰٻ԰ǱߣûһƲ˾˸УֻЦԼϵʱЩҲסˡ
ҺλԳϬĽƼȲֳֳ׼ͬˣһƣ׼λʲô·Ϊǽˣܴ·ľǴˡλˣȭ֪λСֵЦЩʲôĪ˵Ĳô
ҶŷԼˣȭûʲôֻǾλֵܵĻȤ鲻Խ΢΢һЦǶ⡣
Ȥ
Ǿȥ񣬲ˣ
ҶĴ˻һһһĪȫ仰ȤˡʣͻȻٻ԰ƹƹһ죬Ȼһҵж䵽ϵţһЩŮӵļ֮һҵһͿ

ʱûҲ֪ץΪ˳һ˳ô
˻ûü˵ͻȻͼٻ԰ǸǽһӰֻһգ۹ͣǽϣſŵļľԼ쳰Ц㵱ɵ𣿻ȥţʲôã
˵겻˷ӦһԾӾȻϰյУչ۳žҪΧȦ
ʱǲ㶵ĿǸ˸߸ڿնɵ˵˾䣺ܷɰ
곤ȴΣƺǲµ˻ǰ󲢲е档ֻҶһۣɫƽͳһͭǮһ䣺ߡ
һƿ֮Դ֮˶УûüȥǺ˺Ļ͸оһֱԼʱܣǵҪǶС
٣ôĿ
˾ȻڿһŤӣǡöҶķɳͭǮȻ˵йṦҲȷ԰ѹĿˡ
ṦΪƽ֮ûʲô˲ŻôšλԳơһ졯͵ܹ׷ԼԾԼһߵĵطҲκβԼŤתΣǰҲ¡ֻӳУǹٲҲ׼䱸
뵽ڵ䣬ͻȻһͻȻԾϰգгৡһֻǰһƬϹ⣬һƬɭȻʱ󾪣ƽݾȻȸ֣
ԭҶһڷɳ־ȻûܴУ߶һ䣺е˼ԾʹṦֻһݱԾǰһšг˳Ƴּһлط㽣
ľ죺ô˻ɰ
ط㽣ҶıֻͨǴ»ʹǿжҶǾƲôʹġֻԾУʵĽֻ׻ط㽣⽣ǿ콣һʹһнһУǷӦʱͻᱻ߰˽
Ҷϼѳɣת磬ڹΪһ㲢ʮ־ͨĹҲʹʱʹ׽ҲޱȣӺ˵ʲ
ӹȻʧɫһҲ֪ͳʲô׼ҶĽһ㣬һ֮ǡһ졯ȻֱӴӿˤȥ
ҶûŪô£ôӿºȥڵأԶ˵ļһסԭղһ֮£ӾͱԼϼˣһ٣ΪŴӿˤ
ȻһжӲ¡ô;ȻҲţ
ʣһݺݵǺˣΪҪң˵侹ȻԹߡ
Ҷļ˱ץ˻ôᣬҲûʲôƽˣΪȻ˵ö֮Ī˵㣬һɱ㣬кκ˵ģ
˻һΧΧĲʱһã࿴ֵİҲǴӭϡ
ӼΧ˺ȻӦŵɫҲ䣬ֻµùɽġˮ
ҶʸǲˬֱӺֹһͨϻ㻹ڣȺ׵Ϊұеһ˽ɣ
û䣬гֱ˦ӱ˵Щ滰ȻͻȻԾ𣬳⧲ߣҶ⣿ֱӾͰѳɰʹϾʮ㣬˸Ӧֻգۼ䣬ǱĪţķ˸ͨ͸
죬ƺɲһУҶֵ˾䣺ҲףɱɽҶģȥɡϣһӣǱķϵĳȻͻȻɳȻ˾㵵лصҶϡ


109 ͽָ
ɱ˺ųơһ졯СëҶĸû̫ϡºԵúǿģһߺҶɽصָ֣ҶҲû̫˷ܡ
ղɱ˵ʱѾͷĹģͬʱҲɽɵţ˳ֻһֶΡֻҪ۾Ϲˣ˽£պȻɽɴʵҲôġ
Эٸץӷ˳Ϊ֮Ҫ˵ֻܹһﵹùǡøҶɽӵṦƽܹסȻûУҲࡣûҪҲɽȥץһ͵С
ҶֻǸˣҲ˳һ˽
Ȼº˾䣺Ĳһץûڣݸ˻ӿģ
Ҷȴ˵ȶץҲ޻⣬Ѱ˼Ż±Ǹο׵ļһ񣡼һұɱһ
⻰ҶĶǲɻʲôõĻ䣬ҶĵӺɷҪѰеǷȻ֮Сºһ֮ȻܱŮǱǼֱ֣֮ɱȫһҪӣ˵ȶˣ֮
˻һ֪λҶŸǴƲɻ֮УһϸǻҶ˵ȴû
౻ɻŮӣºĸк³ˣɱĲ֪٣ĸҲ塣ǲɻһҹˣһƬ̯Ҳ֪޹֮ˡ
һ뵽ЩҲԾ˾䣺ȷɱ
ҶļͬҲټ˵ȥ뵽Ȼͷֲһ䣺պвɻҶŶҶҲ֣ƽݰһƽ
һ仰ȻֱӽҶĸ˽ȥҭ֪Ӧ𡣲תһ룬Ҳʲô£οûôõĹÿԶԼЩӣ˳ɽ׬ЩЦӦ㱾Ų֣Ҳɵǰͷ󣬾Ѱɽɱǣ
һ¾ֱӽɽϣҲǴˣҶͼΪΡֲͻȻ޲Ӧ֮Цŵ˵ͷҶŴһƽݰٲС֮ˣ˵֮١ɽɹȻΪɣ
Ҷû뵽Լһ仰ȻԼɹɵıǩһûвĵطͷĵҲ͸ǿģһֱ˵ҹŸϢ
㿪ģҲûе
ʱҪ˵۶ģǳֻ͢Ҫ͢ųĳĳ޶ǴĻôҪ˶೤ʱ䣬ϱȥ˵ɲǸаɣǰȴΪپϼΪӣҲţʱҲ޷
ǳ͢˵ĳĳɲЩƾ٣ӻһǴĺõôɼԼҲᱻ˱ɵҶʲôľҲõˡ
ɽɰ᲻٣Ҳû˭ùټ˷һ䱾Ҳʲô˶УƷҲǲβ롣֮ͷȥŹټ֮һôɽɿɾܹʵɵͷˣɽԺķչǴġ
ϾɽͷϺ󣬴Ҫʦ˶ϣѰȥѧգû˵ЩʵʵѧĻȥɽ԰ŵİݽаɵСа⵽͢ѹҲĴƣҶҲûɲԼɽƷ
ȻɽɵͷֻƽƬ봫ȥԭ֣»ҪһЩʱա˵ƾôһǴ󲻹ģôҲϼƾ٣ԭЩɡǽһµСϵܡ
ҹҶѰ˼ãô½󣬳ЩǲҲҪ˳𼸻ѵɽĿǰֻһҲԾɽɱǡƽƬɽ治٣鷳ľʶЩһϳġ
ٴ
ôţ˯ţڶ컹ûˣ򵥵һϴһͷкҶĽ˷Ǯ뿪˿ջ
ûֱ뿪ɽأȥҵǸͷ˳Ӳݣ򵥵İݼһż¡
Ҷһ·ǣֻ£ȴҵͷϡΪĻǹһˣʵǲʲô׺֮һЩ۵ëǵҶġ
һЩųݻһⶼҶɱˣֻһЩ²ô˵ĶҶĽѵһֱӷߡ
һ·ƹƹҵļǱߴУְ˼ҶĵϢɱկĶңǰԼկկˡ
ɽԽԶ۵ëԽ࣬Ϊְķֶƽ붫ݽ֮Զĵطǡݽ磬ٸ֮ǻΣ˭ҲԸȥȺˡһƬɽ˶Եİѣݵ֪ɽ˶ϼҰ
ҶʱҲһЩ˵ע⣬ֻǰһ·ϴɱҲΪԼɱһЩѰ˵ԳĿмܲסλүҲͲٵһҴկƫаҪҶ˵˵
Ŷô
ЩӣְȺ˵һȤҶµʱ˼ë˭կӡ
ΪһɱȺëܸÿۣȥ˰ɣ뵽ǰЩӣڶݻܼկȻ˻ǲ۵СӼʶʶɽΪЩָͬ˵
ǰҶĽܼկΧְͲһֻʲô𼸸ͷ컹ǸɴͰԼˣ˵ܼկƾ˶ڣֱӽҶĸ£
ʵǰҶӦòʲô飬Ҫ˵ɱܼկկЩȴҲţΪܼկɽȵУΧʮ߸կӣȻñȫ˲ܼկҪǲկӣܼկկ涼
Դ˶ΪҶһܸȺɽһɫҪܼկ˽ǣȴǲܵġ
ŭҲΪԵϢʱҲ£ͨİ˵˾䣺ΣҺú˵˵
ͼǰڽż򿪣ݺ󣬾Ȼĭ۾ɵ㶵Ķ˵
ŭƷ農ȴþòƵһ̧ͷͿھȻǷɵ˾䣺ɵôŸʲô
ǰڱôһȣʱ˵ܼկկһһʮ˸կӣԱҶˡկܰԴҶĸֱӵ˾ͽõУڶͱٲµʾڡ
Ͳˣկһܼկ´ɻҲһķѵľ棬οһ˵ƥֱһʮ˸կӡִҲһܹܵ˵ġ
ҶĺôĻŭܲµܼկλᵹùȴû뵽ֱӱҶһˡȥΨһĽ;ܼկ˵̫λɽš
ҶĵΪĵ²ϡ棬ֻһĻôȥҲ·կӣȻɱ¡ҶֱӰ˵ĴկһһȥԾڳȻѾˣһЩʴʵ˴ʱҲȥɱˡ
ҲһԣѰ˼һ¾Ҷôͼ
ҪһЩ֪˵ļһһЩ֮⣬ҶҲǷֱһѴģýСһʮկս֣Ҳûĸ۵Сëˡ
ǰֻǹѡְֶ治ԶĵطҶûҶ˷
쿲ǴɽϺҶĽ֮ĴܴҶĵʵҲһǳжϣŭ⻰֪ȥӡ
ŭ˵֪ϴȥɽĹǺҲͲټֻ˵ҶĵĹȻߵǰ̶ȣζǲŵġѾ˼Ҷı˺̽Ĵ㣬ֻ⻰׼Եˡ
˵Ҷģձܼկһǵһӻ𣬼Щëƣⷬаѹ˺һ󣬴ʱȫ˳ܼկֻ˵ʷᱻѹŭ𲨼˶ѡȻܼկ˵ţһЩֱϵʺһҲڽаԼϡ
ܼկկȻŻҪָͬ˵ҶֱЦһ䣺һ·ٵĻָƨ˵Ҫ˵ôұ˵
ҶǡҪѰĶֱһܼկдկ˸ɾһͨɱרЩͷͷԣկҲһѻ˸ɾ
һеĳ֪˶ٰѣвּѳǲ廢ŵҲһԷӳֲɱ
ûгֵˣɴһ˫ƽܼկկöԷԴ£һѻƮȻȥ
æһУصջҶ΢һѾָһʮ˸կȻܶ࣬ǴһȺں֮ڣŻŻ书λͨ˻УĺǸǰ衣
Ҷר׼Щµͷ죬ֻҪɱͷڽԲǣùµһկԼҳһţկеˣʮﵹа˸̤ǱºĴġ
ָҶĲûмȥݷְְľֻʣ²·̣ҶڿջרĴһҪָ״̬Ż·
֮⣬һԭҶһ㣬ٻ޺Ȼֹһ£ڼְͷܵõʲôʽ书ǴпҪӱࡣ
ָҶǽŴպãȻȵҹ˾֮ʱϣרʹڹ
ڴõʲô̫õĶϾͺͳ齱࣬õʲôȫҶĺһ㣬ǾǵΪս֮󣬵õĻǺöΨһܲá
ȵһ֮ԼϵⱾָᱻԼٻҲͲеˡ
ָּұѧָγС
һ˹ָΪĿھҶĿдһ䣺ƺ֪ͬ
ⱾϷĹӡӦвЧĹ򡣲ڿ⹦ƺһָ֮䡣
ȻȷһʹĹ򣬵ȴܹҷŽġǹѧΪ񽣺ƵҶģڵõŹڼ޴Ĳ
˵򵥵㣬ָָ׹ɵ޽ӽڽĽָɽҪųȥǾͻ
ؼҶּұƺһ߾ǸǷųĹӦþָĽ׹ôָӦҲһ׵ĹϤʵȻȥгɽҲѭ򽥽
ᷭϰҶڹ㹻ϰ书°빦ֻһҹͽָţָּԽȥ
ʵҲԼ־ѾԼͨĸϰֻҪٽָһͨͿˡȻʱ䲻Ҳֻһ֣ʱûʱȥˡֻԺʱ
ֻҶʹ˵㣬ǿǿܹ򵽰ڵĶ룬ͻɢʵҲûʲôɱˡ
˶ԵУ뵹Ѿ㹻ΨһҶĲˬԼôŬȥԼָɽǿǿԵ潣á
ɫϣȻ˽ĳΡϧǷȥ
õģȻָ


110 
ָϤһҶļԼг̡ʵϣߵѾְֶ̤ĵˡ
˵ɽľأɽػǻҵУûĸ˵ȫԴɽΧ黢ɽɵĻôְֶƵʵʷΧƽ붫ݽ紦ΪݽͨҪƽأ
ﱾݹϽΪƽأңʱһƬ֮صƽݣȵչƽһʽ볯͢ͼ֮ƽΪʱǰػأֱҲƽݵС
Щ֮ʱпҶҲǶ͢һЩ˽⡣ֻݴ඼ǳ֮ʲô֪ôµҶҲͽһЩѡԵӣֻעҪעĶ
͢ȤôʼսԼ»ֳɾŸǿݣҲµصĻ֣
Ҷÿÿ֮ʱһ棬ȴûֻΪĳЩ֮˵Żֵľٶ
Щ˵ҶҲ֪ǲŵġ
ʲô¶Ϊݾ첻ϣԾ֮иǺ޸һľҲЩνʷѧץǣǿĶ
Դ˼ƽƽأ뵽˵͢ԼһЩ߰Ĵ˵Ҷĵ˼·Ծ֮ǿԼеܲס
ѵ˼ջأѾԼǰƽسǣҶԼƺһȺԭңңţҲ֪ʲô
ȵ߹ȥͷְĴ֮һ쿺˼ڵԼ
Ȼͷ᳤ڴ򡭡
ЦҶһ֮ȺҲӦõģְڶб¾ˮȺҶţҶ룡
Ȼ֪޺޺磬˼Цӭ˫һҪ򣬴ʱҲǷĻᡣҶĵ˵ͷҲкһ£˱㲢سȥȴѾ䱸۹·˷ֻҪһ춯ҶƬ̼佫޲ԼԼʵ
ȻʹЧ⼫ֻҪ΢Ƭ̣ҶľͿõĻӦʱɱҪӣȫƾһ
ﲢΪְڴʱʲô͵Ϯ֮СϷʱԼߵĲǼͨڣȻԼߣҪסԼƺӲְҪһͺԼ֣ôŭӦһ֣ҲһЩ
ϲ֮أ
ҶĲ²ĵҲûȵƽسһլ֮תתĽ˺ԺһӵС
ӿޱȣֻһɽ亣ζϹˮʱһǰݺƺǹЦ⡣
ҶĽӭְŭɰΣ˸ϵְɽҶ֮յüҰ
˵䣬ͺҶı˱ȭҶļԷȻô飬һʱҲеܲסҺҲԤȴҲ̻ʺһҲŹϴһȻ鴫
ʲôǴˡ˵ԼĳһָѱþˮˣҶһ·糾ͣһپΪҶŽӷϴ
ҶĿϵſȴ˿ûŤֱŹŭǳ
ⳤڵнȻҲ֣֮Ǽȴж΢΢ִЩԲԼһȡ
ˣҶҲûм䣬ǹŭ˵ĵطõġ
ŭҶһҲֱӻ˻֣°˳ȥԼڹŭֱ
ҶʱͻȻԼ־Ȼһλ걭յһӦȫȴˣĵĪǻˣ
۾һתƳ¹ŭˣְƽݵˣȴ֪λ˭ģ
ְֻ֪ٲһףֱӷָҲǲܣ£ܲҸϡƽС쳡ɣҪ֪˶֣һǱɱͺҶĵԳʱ򣬸ûлֵء
ѵְﻹк֣
Ҷһλ׶༪ˣֻµҲֻӲͦȥ˿׼ֱӵ֪λûһóṦģںܴܿڵĵλֻ֡һˣ׷ԼҲκβ
߳ţŭֻҶĲ¿꣬Ҳ˵ֻЦ꽫ǰļ˰һڣŶҶĵҶŲؿԱǣ
ҶԼСˣֵС֮Ҳ⣬ֻڨЦһ£ǼҲγһڡҲûȥ⼸û˶ĲˣΪû޼ְٶֵԻĪҪǰĺá
ֹ˵¶ûᱻμѹƵ͵㣬ֻǱʹƵУΪǣʱܲȥ磬ɾͲҶ˵ˡȻҶĲ嶾أ߹񵽼жҲԳĿ¶ˣȻ޼ɡ
ҶŵСĽĽ
߽ģСĽаŹΪǽһûް֮£Ҷĳţĺܣ
ŭһЦҶǹˣʲôСĽǵС£ϧˣ
Ϻ꣡аһ䣬ҶҲͲϾֻǳŲˣ³ԵҲûȥǺˮ
ŭ״ָԼһȣҶԶǿͣȸΪ˵꽫һƺȸɾҶףŸҶһ
ŭƱݵҶǰǾƱľˮѾð˾ƱȴͣھƱû㣬ǹŭھסˮ䡣
ҶһƣǹŭҪ̽ԼǳһЦһָɽָֻһţԼɽͣŭоƱţҶָһɨȻƱǶľˮȥǡһԵĿձС
ڼҲδаξˮ䣬Ҷۼֿ֮⣬Ҳǰ޽Ǿˮһûɢ¡
꣬ҶҲûȥӹŭǱȣղŻǿձʱȴΪԼһ¶ЩˮıӣԹŭ²ƣһСˣ
ŭҶĸղ¶һ֣Ҳ°Цݲ䣬ѵҶŲ϶¼ֱ棿һƶѣȥ
˵䣬оƱ͵ǰһݣҶ⧲£ǱƾȻŭԾƱײַɳƱϴľȻָ飺ø͵ľ
һҶʹƣŭƱ֮һûֱӽƱݵԼǰæ̫飬ʵеܲˣ
ŭƺҲû뵽Լһ¾ȻƫһԣҺշģԼʱסΣղһҪֻҶʲһһ£ȻйɾסԼֱۣ·ҪԼһƵء
˵ǹˣ
ףȴСģֳҶĶȥǰΪ̫֣ԲͻһźýЩ»⣡
˵ţҲһֻ£ƺҪоƱֱӵݵҶǰһʹȴһ׼򵥵ùͬʱһӣ˦ľ羹Ȼǡýղű򵽰մʱµǰ뱭ƴһԣ⣬ƱֱӴ͸ɵȥʱ򣬼⼸˹ٸҲûˡ
ҶܽйŭԸˣԼһһ䣬Ͳ˵ˡºǺһЦһšŭһ£ͬʱֲָɽֱӴŭѨ
һõǸͲʮ׽͸ûŪ⹦ҪּвѨ֪һ㣬ҲͲӰҶٳӡ
ͬʱԼһָõ֣ҶĵõָֻרУֻˣʱʹ޽һҲ˵УָʹеҲǡô
ŭֻѨһ飬оƱе֮סҶĿ׼ʱֱһģǱͣڹŭϵľƱ̴еֱŭϷ
ʢˡⱭƻǹԼȰɣºǱ㹻ǾƱһץǱֱȥľƱȻ͹ͣ˰աҶһ֣գۼ侹Ȼط˹
ŭʱѾһץס˾ƱֻǱѾɵԼǰԼҲûԶ룬ʱȴҲٸ˺ȡ
һԵһֱԹ۶˶ʱ·磬̵˾䣺һҶȻҲùһ˲ҲһͬҶһⱭҪҲգ
û˵꣬һӷ˳ȥȻֱֱͱǸеľƱȥͿǵڶɳľƱƱϣȻһһƬƬ³Ҷĵ޼棬ǴʱҲǾƱȫ
ǾƱڿжһͻȻٻصԼϣҶҲƱˮɢҲǿԣĻҶƱȫʹĻ˵̫󣬾ͼ赭дбԵľƱرƻĳš
뼸˶赭дҶȴҪ󶯸ɸܻ⣬о·磬һֻ취
ǰЩգǻûʲôʱҶȴһȻҲһָϾֻһֲŭ쿻ûô£ͼ쿺˦ǸƱڰըƬÿǾƱòԶ
ǡ쿴ʱ˵ҪҲգͺΪⱭעһҶĸŹɺϣЦŵ᳤ϼȻҪⱭˣŰ᳤֣
ֲ֣εЦЦʱҲ֪˵ʲôǺãûô£ǾƱһƬƬҪҲ޴ӷ
ǹŭ۾һתƼҶֵĽָȻûƼҶָʲô󣬵Ǹղ˹һҶָܷųǿһ¹ŭѾʱһʱйؼ
Ҷֹ򣬹ȻĪ⣡һ֣ŭҲǲòСӦԡ˵ǰЩ˵ЩҶĹǿĻôŵĻʱѾ˼ˡ
͹ƾղǼ̽ŭѾʹ˻ټӾǿɾʵˡȴκҶŲáˣһȻݵģղһԻûʹʹ
ɲ֪ҶҲʹȫܽ£ղһû£ԼҲֻúλƴ׼£ԼԷһһ⿪ȥҲλиӼɵҪλҲúú˼һܾ
ϹˣСҳݣеɫȴûŭ۾ҶҲûס˾Ҹе԰ӦеȡĲĽ
Ȼɫ˹ŭһ㻳ɡҶʹֶεģҪҶоͲӦǵ⣬Դصٺãǲϲӡһ⣬ùŭӲжϡ
Ҳ£ŭԳĻк֡
ļ£ŭЦ˵˾䣺ǳԺҲȤ»ΪҶŰ˵Ŀǲ߿ߺȣ
˵䣬ͼһȺ߲ѵ輧˽ҶƼƣаָʲôĪǻ˼Ʋɣ


111 үҶģ
ͷףϰϰֻһգۣһȺɫ׵輧ҶǰͣչԼˣ¶¶ýйԳ
κҶͲһףЩ輧ȤϴЩɫ޲ҷǳ
ŭҶһӣûЩ̰ӰĲȥۿҲûɫжּɫ֮״ͬʱҲûһЩӰһ̬
ʲô
һ¹ŭҲԺˣʵ벻ҶֱǸô£
Ҫ˵Ҷҵ˾ӣȷڹЩ輧ɲ֪ҶĿ·ˡҰչŭ֪νľӣҲǱһЩɫжҪ
ŭԼ۹ܹһҶĵǿӺΪһľ硣ҶĲŶ갡ΪٸߣҲѪյ͡
Ӧð
벻׵ĹŭѰ˼ţ˿֪Ҷһģ赸ȤǰǼˮŨ
ΪҪʲô˼ƣû뵽ȻȤһҵе㻳ʦʦˣ
ŭҶľȻȤȫޣаԲ²⣺ĪҶʲôȺã
ʱ˶ã϶Щ֪٣Ҳ֡ҪҲ֮ͥѯʡ
ʲôرȺãǽİȫùˣ
δһԱ㼴Ҳʵ̫񻰣ΣһҲ޷뵽˴ģֻ輧Ȼյһǡýڸ˸ʵ
ⷬҶȤҪʲôУ
ֻŮӵһȻſڴһһУһ֣ԳмһŮӡ
Ůһ¶棬ŮȻʧɫ·ֻʣһһ㡣ŮһϮذ£ɫȻһڶ߲ѵ輧м䣬һ֮ˡ
·Ʊɴһ㣬ܼõµԼǱֱ޳İ˫ȣת䣬һƬ㱳Ҳϡɼϸǲһֱӳһ˫衣
ţе˼
ϧҶܸϢPSըʹԽߣЩͷҲֻǾе˼Ůӣӣڼָһøִɱ޸ĵĿȫǵĳ֮ʵǺҶִ˵еġĿɿڴĸо
µ˼ۺ󣬾ûʼǰ㶨ȥˣ׼ǰˮȻʱʱһۡӣͺͿһͨ輧һͨ赸ûʲô
ɶСȻң
ҶĿɲ֪Լ̬ⷬѾгŮӴΪϯĹŭ˸ɫ漴һ䣬ʱǰ㣬͸¶һֵŻ֮ˡ
Լʱʱ¶һˮۼ⻪֮л͸¶һЩϢԳģκӼջҲ԰ѳֵס
⻹ֻ꣬Ůʱһׯ֮ɫǶȴջ󣬶ȴԴɬ֮ʱǱһֿ鶯תȥǶߣǵҪ˽֡
ҶȴȫȻںȻѪеڣϼһתͽǵ΢궯ѹȥȥŭ쿣˾ȻͷأԳԸ֪ͣ˾ȻȥŮӵ衣
ô£
ȥϸƣҶڷΣֻҪԼſһ֮ѪȻ˷ڣһת֪赸ʲôã֪ǹŭµĵڶ̽
˼˴ҶķˡϼȻתȻȫķֻǾĿŮͣʱʱﶪˮϹǳЦƳЦԷһ㡣
һ£ȻŮ貽΢һͣҶϸ治ֵܷˡ
ŮӾͼԼ貽ͬʱٱ䣬ȴǱȸղ˼ջ󡣸ŮӾȻʱʱƮҶ֮ǰһ˻ȥ·һ
ϧһ²ûҶľĶΪһԾ֮ˣҶ¸Ǿ裺ŮӵṦβ֮¾ȻһƮôԶ
ˣӲҵȫķȫʩչеӵ̬Ҳ
ȫķעԣҶıҲǼʶþ֮£Ůӵ˲ô䣬ȻκҶĲáŮĺ䤱Ǳϣ˼ջ֮ˣȴκҶĲá
аһ䣺үŮֻεѡ˷û취һ趼ˣȻŻཻûƳҪһ飬Ǿ¶ݡ
Ըɴ貽һͣ˳Ƿʩ񣺡СŮӻ¼ɽҶţ
ֻʱǹŭٴγЦŵ˾䣺ҲְĴ֮һҶǰ׼һӭҶţ
⻰һҶĵ¿һĵһְĴϽվȻλ⻪ϹƾʱԵṦƳѰ֮Σˣ
ȴɵǰŮӻû뵽ְﻪСΪְĴ֮һȻ裬ܳ
ǻһЦһȴס޾飺Ҷ˵ǿ˵䣬һƮҶֻǰһ׹һһƮ˱Сһãתָ糣һƳȴǻ¾ȻѾԱλ϶һƳСŮȸΪ
Ҷǻһ˵Ц䣬ȴŮԽļɵǹŭй֮
һŮӾȻܳΪְﳤϣȻ֮ƾղṦǶѪڵˣֻƳŮĹǿȴ֪ʲôͣ
ҶѰ˼ţԴԽŨÿÿŵһȻѭܽѹסǶסһһԴԴתͷһ̽ȻǴǻɢġ
ƺǻ¾ȻתͷգգۣһޱȵҶģԼЦôѵСŮʲô֮ôһƽȾӣȴ˵Լָ֮һЦǰһȻ󣬵ȴͦεıһֱܿۡ
Ҷ̽Ŀջأĵһ䣺Ůĵ涮ջˣûʲôֻЩˣ
ƺҲû뵽ҶĻô˵ɵֵʲô
ҶĲ𣬵ǻȴ۾һתͻȻڵҶĪǺСŮϵӺζʲôۣûȥ͸ˣ
һ˵ôһʣʮа˸᲻֪룬ڷϣʣҲֻὫ濪ֺðͽԼ
ҶľȻ˵ͷֱӳµȷǷǳһ㣡֪Ͽɷ棿һЩǾ͸Ӹмˡ
΢һ㶣ĵҶĵȷе˼ǰԼǰ԰Ļ󷨣ȻĿԼʲôۣȻûȥͱŮˣԼֺ󣬹ŭʼղԼԼòгɵƹأ
˵ҶҲͲټϾȥĵ˾䣺йȻǶԸŮ˵ܶǿŮӣֻҪһмɫģܲ˱ӣҲ֪λ˵ģɰæˣ
𼸿ڲˣڳȥҶĿʼѰ˼Ӧΰľ档˵ǣŮӳֺһҲЩɵŲֽţŮĹǲһ򾡵ȺܣǹŭԼŲ졣Ļ涯ӦҲ˼ɡҶ˵һ¡
һѰ˼ǴԼӦôֱֽȥþƱȴֱһգȴǸղһ˸Լˡ
ȥþƺͻȻһ֧ĳ쵽ԼֱߣеĽֺƺҪԼơ
Ҷıһٶһܵľһ㡣ŽƱŲһ㣬Ǳ߾ʹԹҶĪСŮô
ô᣿εЦЦҶĴʱ֧㣬¶һشаСҲ˸һԼֻҪһͷܿණǻһ棬ƺֻһǶ
Ʊ˹ȥŻԼĳһˮǾˮĺˮƽǡǱƽ룬һ㲻ࡢһ㲻٣׼˷ֺҵʱƽȾȻû㣬ǳҲһ㶶רϰļա
ֻҶĴûִܹžƱʱɫе㲻ȻǻǺεˣȻ˸һ°һ䣺үڣһֿùˡ
Լǰ輧κβҶģʱЬһ˸ɾֱӽС£뾹Ȼûʲôá
ŭɫڣ˼ת±ԡ֪˶ȺãͽΣûҶ񼤵
ֻȴأԲ䣬εҶ˾䣺СŮӵĲÿô
ʲôҶĻԼľƱҲǲҲǣͻȻôһ䣬һʱûзӦָΪΣѿھһ䡣
һʧį֮ɫûֱӻش𣬷ǽԼǳֻΣ˵ҶżСŮӳСŮӵ̫ࣿ
Ҷ亹ðˣŮʵ̫ҪҪһץסһ㣬Ҷʵемܲס
ɲ֪Լ߾Ѱ죬Ǳ߹ŭҲԻΪֹҶ˶ƴܵĹ˵ԣ촽΢
ʰҶ𣿡쿳ⱼߣ⻪Ϸô˽⡣ƽʱҲûʲôȻͬΪĴϣǳһ֪
ŭҶĹĪ⣬ӲӲĶԴǲռˡʤҲǲʤڱΪĹܽСԵתʡһֽšʱ򿴿ܲܽҶ㲻ܣס֮Ҳ뱾Ϊˣ
˵ԱһƳǡǻԳΪҶĵǵǰ֬һǡһζƮѪЩܿơæķѹס񣬰һ䣺ϧһҪ
˼ҶǱȴе㱥ܼ尾˼أÿͰ͵Լ˵ʲôĻһ㣺ô᣿⡭˫ƯĽ
ȻҶžƯСŮԺҶſòã
ҶŵЩӵȥ⻪£뵽⻪ŽѾӸԼƨɺ棬ԼʦõһͻԼ
ҶŻˣͻȻһ˵ӣ֧һֱҶǰȥİ˻ȥͬʱͻȻһӣԭҶŻһר֮ˣ
˵ﻹ꣬Ȼּһ䣺ʲôۣҲǱҪˣҲŲ㣡
ջ룬ѰôһʱңиŮӣҲ׵һߣͰ͵ĴչֺԼУ˵˾ܹݣˣӣЩΪҪʧȥԼӶǵע
ȻȻԲ⻹⣿
뵽⣬ȴͻȻҶӦһŶȻǱˣȴҶһӻعԼղžȻԾ䱻Ůڲһ󣬴ʱعȻҲûʲô
ͬʱ񹦣סȴҲֻƾתά֣ǹԼٴʧ˱ģ˰ڲҽۻ˵ҶֻӦ󷴽ǻ޼ƿʩҶĺް취
ȵְİڴҶĳ˴Ϣķʱº޺ͣöүöүöүѹֳôΣԭһöү


112 
˵ǾֱͣһԹŭֻǲĵֻ꣬˵Ҷְİһ䣬ϴƷһӦȫлһܰ˸ʽ鼮
и䣬ԡҶҪˮɻѾǰź˺ţǰƺǰҶĹĺźԼҳһ㡣
ҶҲʲôף˵ͷȥˣ˳㻹˵һˮҪԡźѾ߾Ͳؽˡ
ԸղһĻ£һְôһԼӣǿʲô󶼳ˣζܡ
ſͳˣаһҶִȡһǽˮպ
ֻǷȥϵȻӰʲôУȴԷѧ࣬ط
ôȫǷ𾭣ˣ͵С˵ˣɲ֪ŭڳһ򶼳ڣҲǾзѧԵطûʲôȤȻҲûôռϵǴӹŭģȻǷѧ伮ࡣ
߿Źŭķѧ伮ŭȴںͣⷬ̽ǾΣ
ҡҡͷƲҶĵǳԴɽ汻Ҷĺһ󣬾ͶҶĲ֪߿˶٣һ̽û̽ҶĵߺӼԼжˡ
ŭҲ֪쿵뷨Σǲŵģǽⷬ̽Ҳʵ׼ҶĹΣǿᵽһ̶ȣôҪǱ൱ǵѡ
̽һЩջס½ð֣ƺµСӲá
һƳ¾ȥʣ֪ŭʲôߣСʲôͲϲŮˣ
ҪԼûסǸˣǾƲͬġֻôΪˡ
뵽һĻĻԼôŬˣȻûκãСӶԼ϶ͣ۶¾ʬ޲ֱӽҶĿӰ˿ǲǸˡ
ʵҾûϿԸһģŭһԼĽ顣
뵽⻰һȴǻµİۣ㶮ʲôɫȥջӣǲ³ˣ޵۷壬Ǿ̧֮Ҳ̬ͣûĻ£Сܴݶȥ֪
˵꣬ǺһƺǶԼ԰ֻȴѰ˼ԴӶʦ׹򣬼ⷨҩԡ裬Ѿ裬ʱرл˵ɢǳζŨޱȣ㣬ޱȡĻ󷨣Ҫջ°빦ѰĪ˵мܣܹмѵá
ǽҶľȻȫȻ壬Īʦ˵⹦Ļǿ֮ԣû°ˣοڼжʱҵģֻǺͻȻ˹ôȻع
أͣŭ쿵ʻȫȻӣǹŭҲش𣬵ͷǲ
ŭҲͲٶʣֻתͷ쿵Ǿ͵óйϵδְеĵλƽݷֶͶƽϰɣ
쿵˵ͷһ֪ʲôӣֿ˿ŭʣû⣿
ŭҲ˳ҪѯʣͻȻǻ¾Ȼֱվ˾䣺ҵҪҶԣʲô;Ȼֵܵҵ
˵ֺ꣬͹ŭ˻־ֱӴƮ˳ȥ˵ûӰʱĻǰֻӰһҲƲѰײ»ΪԼײ˹ء
ʱѾɽɫûɫǹ⣬ֻƾŵļյųĻ谵߲ǿֻһӰǰɹ㵨ٴҲ·ëмְھͱһ¸ŸǺһ󼦷ɹ
ÿŭѯʣ֪εĺ˾䣺ɹʲôǻˣС֣ɢȥʲôʲô
ڵ֪ղһȰİӰǽҪͳǵĻ³ϣһɢȥصԭĸλִڡֻǱôһ֣ٲֻٽӵˡ
ЩǶŲҶģڿԡͰ棬ű𾭿Ľζ˵ԷѧȤǵĽһЩŶεһƪС˵ڿ˵һ룬ܶŶηȤȨЩ˵ĲװXںˡ
ֻԡͰڣҶΪֹѬſͰţͻȻǰһƽ׶һ
ֻɫٱͰɢһѬ͸һ㡣
ҲںֻŴ˫ۣ˿Ҷǹƺ󣬾ȻһЦ˳
Цʲô
ԼҶȷԼ˶ˮУˮ߹ųѯʡ
Ҷŵƺ֣ſͰߣѵ𣿡˵һת뵽ʲô˾䣺˵Ҷϰˣ
ϰߣҪ˵˼Ļζ޷ҶĳϹϵֻһת۾Լղƣ̾׻Ů˵ʲôˡﾹȻǸСܣ
һŤҲһ󶶶ûĸ˻ܵ˱ݣǱһŮˡŮ˱Ͳ⡣
һ˳Ϣ֮ҶĻԱȲ˻Ϥ
³öүҶֱӾͷǸǧ˳ķŵŮӣҪǶԸѰŮӣһЩϧԼŮ˺ֻǶڻϰŮ˵ȴν
Ҷ𣿡
˵価ȻͻȻǰһſ˷ľͰԵϣͬʱԼ͹Գһ˻ΣýҶĿҶϲģ
Ҫ˵ҶĵûһаǾԲܣµҹҲ޷Υ屾һЩԭʼܣҶľ;СһȣȻѪֱĳһȥˡ
ҹã֪Ϊ°
ЦҶľϾȥԼҪ˶þͰֻ½֮Լŵޱȼɵζ
ֻⷿԼղѾˣˮҲһʲô⣬ôΨһ;⻪´ζҲû⻪ʲôĶһĿȻôһİºס˴÷İ׳Ƕ
ѵ㣿δ̫ˣ
вµ˴𰸵ҶĿɲ֪ҲǻµһɱﵣʱѬȾ£µĶͷҲ˵㺹գҶǰһգζŨ˼֡
Ҷƺ˷ӦµⲻѣԭھϯӲţһԹӵҹ˯ߣСŮ˽ƣ֪Ҷ񣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ˯ţҽصԼȥǧ˰ֻ˯ˡ
±ԳĴ˷ҶԵĻɢ֪Լ˭뵽ŷ룬ԷȻָɰͰ͵ľܾԼǣʲôлȥ򣿻ǧ˰ֻô
֪Ҷ̫ɵͲٶһɱ׼Լܱܲסѵ״̬
ְ˽ԵĶ˻꣬ǲŽжأ
ҶʼղϹһת뵽һȻˣҶ뱾̸һ̸֮ɣ
һһ˵ͬʱҲղǰſͰߣֱӣԼǰһȻȴԳλߵϡֱʱŽ˾ȷһﳤϣʲô֮صЦŮӡ
ⷬȣǻƾĹ任ģ;߱ʡȻְﳤһְ⾰ǾþϣλߵѾɡֻҶֻ棬ȻûĻ¡
ʱĻ£ҶĵĿҲûǰ棬һܹ׶Է˵ģ·ǿආĿ⡣
ǿҵķҶΪӦȻԷ˵ҪԼ̸£ôҲˡԼӣȳȥô
²мƲƲ죺ֲû棬⡣Ҷžܳǣ
㲻ҽⰡаһ䣬ҶĹϢһ𣬵¾һ᣺˼һŮĶ£ӻ¸ëⱦֲǼˣľͰվֱӾͿ˳
һ粽ޱѸݣҲ⧲㷴Ӧʱ䶼ûУһ¿˸һһº󣬵ʱ˸
ںǳ⣬ƫԼȷŻ˵Լ⣬ܳģҶĿ϶ΪԼ仰ֱӴԡͰгʱԼٵЦͿԴݵ˳ȥܹһͷ֮ޣҲܽҶĳԸ
뵽ҶľȻֱӳˣ˿ڣ¾ԼƤ»ȥǴԡͰпʱ㱻ŵӣǶڣǿһҪ˸⡣ҲǣҲǣֻܺվﲻ֪롣
ʵҶҲΣֻǸ޴Ӻ̾׹⻪һֱֻڿͷռռˣƸûйʲô浶ʵǹľ飬ԼһŻֽš
ϸ룬Ȼϯϻ¼ջ֮£ҲûԼռʲôˣСȺ㣬ЩҪĵطڵޱʵû¶֡
Ӿһסˣ谡
ͨһ㣬Ҷĵ˵ףʱҲˣ¶һЦתƵĽ׺áŲ£ڴѧסҵʱҲûйŮ·ʱνˡ¶΢һ㡣
ϣɣ
Ҷĳ廪һƣʩʩȻĳ˸䣬ֱߵǷ£ȻȻ³
֪Լһ䣬ǻͻȻһ޺޵ĵһǸ˾ӣ뵽ǸƦӣǰȴ治ɫģ
һԼղſĶһ̣Ͻƽľɫָ糣ѾԼղ̫ʧ̬ǽҶСˡʱΪԼʦԼ˵̫Сʶϻˣһ¾ͻ˷ִ磡ʲô˼ˡ
侲ҶѾ˲ˮȻһζɫϺ
ڱ⣬Ҷֵ˵°ɣְǰ֪Ҫʲôͺ̸̸أ˵ҪֱӾ
ӲҶĽԼҪ˵Ļҭ˻ȥĻºգֻʼƿڶԷϵʶһѸٶȥֻӶ޴ӡ
·ˣȻͺҶĺú̸̸֮飬ʵҲΪ˴µġ
֪ܷ
Ҷĵû¿˵ˣһھҶĳһϺ᳤ϲռԭְƽݷֶ飬ɱϴɽɵ飬ȻҲ𣡡
һֱҶĳһͬʱҲΪʲôְۼȴɶԼСֱ̽̽̽֡
ԭ
ûǼְ顣ǻ̸֮ɣ˵ɱ˱ְһһ飬Ǹúú˵˵


113 дġ
뻪µ̸ʵûκʵԵݣ˸վסԼһҧǶԷĹ
ȻűҶɱһ˵ͣҶҧ½ȳ͵ϮɽӣֳҹǱɽɽϾ֮Уɽɰٰǰ³
ΪΤҲһɱˣ
Τ±ϼǱһ飬Τ۵üûʹʲôֶΡֻ£һʱûסְˡ
Ҷֻһ˵Τǹƽˡ콭Ҫʱ׼鶼ƲףôҲͰ׻ôĽˡ
һһ֮˭Ҳ˵˭ڿϳһʱ磬ܿҲͻᱻԷһ֡
ҹĹ⾰ô˷ѵߺߵȥҶҲûǻصϴְֶ浱У˯ҲǲңֻԴ档ǡָոϰֱϻδͨǲû
־ǲٶֻ־Ҫúĥֻ־һͨ˫ֶʹָȲǿᣬҲޡϾ߶Զ˵Уָֻȥʹǽ
Ȼÿһжؽϣһָ֮ϣϰָҶĶ񽣷Ǹˡ
Ҫǣֽ󣬾ͲҪѳˣ
ʱ򣬻ӻָгЧǵõʲôУͨûдıҪ
ϵָҶֻǲ֪ҪƾָԣҪ²ܽǹˢ
ԼĵĹˣ񹦻û
ҡҡͷһѻ죬ҶļԼֵľܶ
ڵ˳ѨУ֮ʱҲСͬʱ̫ÿÿһ󣬾˹ָ
ΣʼղɢѰ˲֪·
ֻǶݶϣȴһŮӡһˣ°ҶĵǸ䣬ͷҲ֪ʲô
ʱѾǰװЬһӦȫǼҲͨһ毺ü˸ʵʵ
ϲͣĹĵ֪೤ĶдǶдһϵһ֪ʲôĶƽƣпףֻҪдʹݣǿ׶бųʱдˣˣȥͣĳϡ֮侹ȻһתͳһįŮҪһ
Ҷй䣬ȻϡټҲ֪ʲôȴֺǶҶֻƬҲͲȥˡ
ˣһ󣬼ǷоȻһ㶯ҲûУûһ£Ǹһǲ˯ˣǼ˯ˣĹӦҲûоɣ
Ҳûô
ͷ󣬻ûзԼĵһͷȥŭ쿣ҪúýѵѵŴԼԱС
뵽϶дһǸöĶಡһ¾ҶǷĴ
Ҷֻ˹ֲˣԷĿŵĴ˹Ȼоһ䣺ҹ͵뿪ˣ
˫һģҲûʹʲôֻһ𣬾ͼȴƱ紵һ㣬͵Ĵ˿
Ŵ󿪣ҶֱӴӴԾڰһתṦԴɺʹԽĵӦ֣ʱʹ淿ŵĻҲһޣÿṦ
Ҷ˻ڰգϻɽָǶдһ㣬һɫʱָƬ̼Ǹдǰ˵Ĺ춫ϣһ
ƳǶܹǸϵһĹˣҪӳʱ֣սپϵþˣԼνԤϡ
һ֣ʮɹָҪٵһû뵽ⶫȻޱȼӲԼָϣֻǽıͣûг׽á
ˣӦþͲᷢˣ
ԼԱСһ㣬ֱŷ϶ȥһվͼһӰѾƮǰһ̧дֱӾԼϾ˹лһ䣺ҶһͻСŮӵİ֮ǿʦҵģҪô⣿
Ҷֱһʹһ̫泤ȭĳȭǰд𿪺Цٸһòã
뵽ºһȹ䷭ɣдͺһҶζʱһ㣺һⶼûУ˼ҲŲҪأ

ӦţҶͣԱҪѰһʵ·ߣκԼ˼ǻͨ͸ԼһдԼߵķ·ɣӰ߲˵ѾԼҪⲼƵԼҲܾôɵĳȥǣ
Ȼҵİ֮㽫ϵĳҪɣһЦд˻дವһ»صϣֱۺȴȴһ㣬·ŮһƮֹ
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˵ֻǳ֮ʱҶľð亹ˣϽԾȥȴǶ̽ǻһȻһŤͷԼ¶
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ȻҶʹУ䱾صҶĲû̽Ϯ֮ѸݣĳһޣֻһɫγɵǶ̽һ֣̽ôͣ˰յС
һ㶣뵽ҶܹȡĹֻǰδʹȫ⾢ԡȫʩΪɫȴл¿˸С
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Ҳ㣬ҲȥƣϴŵһƮͻȻһһ趯ͣ޷ȫҪһʵʵֻƬ̼䣬ǳͶһ˶дϣȻԶ
ǳ׾ͱɣлһ㶣Ȼβȴ䱸ϮԼȫʩΪ£ǳȻһָоͺ׼ӲԶԷȫһʱ򣬷ֶԷֻһ£ָоʵǱŤĽ
ɲ֪ҶָտһӣŻŻˣɱ޽ӽ㣬΢е㹦Ķǲ壬οεĺ֣
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۽ǰָٶʹǻ»ع񣬾һĲ˺֮ͣϲͣɵĶдȫҶָĻط㽣һζΡ
һȻ˻ط㽣һ㾳ķ緶ֻһգ۵Ĺʹ̳ÿһüضд
ҶĶ׽򣬱ʹ׽еľģɣ򲻵ҲƾǿдʹȻƣǿǿҲԸһƵľ硣
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ҶȴѾǰ㶣Цŵ˾䣺˼ϣ㱦ˣֻһʱ벻ʲô⳥ǷŰɣ¾סɽϴȥɽң
˵ҪȥԼû֪ðһдԼ˸ͷһԭȻǴӻгġ
Ů֩뾫ôûû˵ģ
һ߸̣һָ뽫Ƕдնϣֻǻûü֣ͻȻ͸оԼһűڣ𣬱ϢҲֻҪԶĳ䣬Ҳֿ
ÿҶһֱСĽҷɣԴһľ漴ͷӦô£ۿǰߵֶλҲĴ۵
ŵıˣ㰡
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쵰±ҶһķŪķңͷͨͨĺ˼֡
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ŭŻҶĶ֣̾͸˹Žŵ֪ͣλϳ˴Ҳûʱȥѯʣֻ˾䣺ʲô
Ҳ֪뵽ͻȻһ죬˾䣺ûȻһ̵ûӰ
ŭֻԼûܽҶ¾ùҲס棬Ҳûȥ룬˿Ҷʧķ򷴶˿
ֻ̽һҶģȥ롣ˣҲ̽ˣճ鷳ôһ֣ҲǸ˾֡
쿵˾䣺˼ʱˣҶļȻȥɽҲ޷ʱڣ֮䲻ʲôͻͺұԭǲǹϵ˥Ĵ£˵Ҳ;ֱطˣ
ʱʹṦƽسδͣЪҶģֻջǵ쳣ܣСаԽԽԴиǲͣһЩƬƬΡ
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Ҫϸô£¾ȻʱҩȻ֪Ů˾Ҫʲôʵޱȵơ
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֪ʱ޵ŮԼ뷿УϵЦ˼´ôС


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͵ǽڵɽڣߵȴΪԭµˮȻ̷֮󣬼ֻһ˲𶯱˾ֹˮټΧľСȫİΧҶ˿Լڵӻᱻʲôȥ
ٲ棬ƾˮԼϻͷµıˮ󣬱ӿͷ侲˲١
Һڹ񣬷ѽ඾ȥ
һҶļٲţʲôŰȺãֻƾˮƺԼҲһĺô
ֻЧ̫СˣҲĿ١ʵҲɽĺȪȥѰٲúһ
ѧȥ߶ź
ƽﻹд󺣣ֻǰкȪڲ࣬ҶľͽųƿɰԵķӸʱĶһԣٲһܣˡ
һһҹһҶĲŴٲͽ˵Ұζץͽ͸Ը˹ȥȻûʲôȴҲԵĺǿ
ûбƼոУЩԭȷҪ࣬Լ縺һɵ˥Ͳܲ˵ֻ£¸Ұζ
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ļ죬ҶĲûֱӻɽأƽظת˼תְûɳ׷ʲôġ˵ҶĲֱӻɽȻ󾲴Уÿƽصɽⲻ̵·;ĺͶԷֱӽ
ϧְﲢûӦԾٶǸ˵ְԭҪҪʱϾ˼Լˡ
ȷһ֮Ҷת̤ϻس̵·;һʱ࣬һ·Ͽƽ֮˳־͹һܣûҲȥҡ
۵ëصûԼʱɱ̫ݣѾͷЩɽٲҲԼ鷳
ûɽȴûбʲôһ̤ƽݸڵУһֶҶһֱŵǸţƤӡ
ҶĻҪǸһ㱻͵ȥˡ
ҶˣţƤٶȥʦòú
ԶҪ͵ԼСҶֱӽ䶪˹ٸУһ·ߵҪһëʣдһġ͵Ŷ˹ٸڹٸδã͹ܲˡ
Ѿ㹻͵ûеͽС͵ֽȫϵֱɱӦòʲôע⵽Լǣ뵽Լһ·ϺȻһСβ͡
תת˺üȦûܽǼһ˦Ҷȷ˰˳ĵͷߣܱ߻Ϥ޷˦ѡ
״ˣҲͲټϹת߽һͬȻ󾲾վˡԲһù֮ˣȻһֱԼ󣬲ȴҲʮǿ
һ˾ȻԼҶʵ벻׾ΪʲôҲΨһĽ;һһ䣬ҪԼΪʦ
ֻôһܽ͵ͨ
뵽һ󣬾Ȼһײײײ˽Ȼ󿴵ҶľվԼЩҵҶĹʩһ񣨾ʮ֣ڵĩѧĽԼ
ҶıһŪһ㶣ֱעԷɹʩδŻλ̨ˣ¿ɵ֣
ʱɲҽеĳƺҶʲôĽ޹Ҳûʲôϵǵһμ棬ɵöԷ㡣
뵽ǸĽɹõãƾǰһֺ֣־㵱ã
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ĽԼԷһӣ½͵ʲĩѧµУϾĴһ͵֣Ծճ͵ֵľ裬֣һ͵һ㣬ȱĽ
˵ҶĲʲôĽԾȻǱԼһдëָġ
Ҫ˵ë֣ҶĻøлԼǰҪ˵ˣëֿͨϣֻԭ˶鷨ͻ滭аã˲ٿ๦Ǳϰֻϧûʲôþһغˡ
ҶĽӹΪֻëдѩԼʦϤ˺һ󣬸տʼʶ
͵͵д˼֮ƺд˺ļ䣬ԼֻҪдʲôֱʵ־ȻȻд
֪ҲͷģټɻдˡԼսȾ㣬дԽĲԾԳһ֮ƣҲĽѡ
ʦֱܽʱ˷Īͼϣ鷨һǻӾ
ʦܵ²ҶĶǲôᣬֻᰵһ䣺ҳԱ˳ŵĻҲ²ۣ㲻Ҳĺǿ𣿡
ֻҶĶԼ鷨أҲǾдųʱ򲻻ᶪ治û콭Ҫһʺʲôá
վȻΪ֣һ
ҵ֣Ȼ˹ҶļͷʵҪʲôܲ°д֮İɣҹ̨
Ҷ˵ʱСһ̧Ȼ϶µһڣ˼ԶĽʿԲһͨīˡ
ĽҡҡͷĩѧʮаˣŴθϿδйԳѧʶκˣֻŶûпϣȴΪ
ΪʲôҶҲеˣҪǱʲô֮ôҲвϣڶ˵ȷһ޴Ĵ
λѾʮ꣬ۿžͱʮȥˣ磬ʮ껹һ޳ɾͿԱΪһ˶ʮȥЩʲôʵǶȥһЩܼĲıӪ
ĽԼѧŵģ²ѧһ;ôʵĿܸһЩ
ΪĽʲô֮˵⻰ʱȻĿİͰ͵ġ
ҶĵƬ̾;òͣĽֲʶֻһʱ̸Ȼ˵˵ʹ죬ȻͲȥڵ˾䣺Ȼ̨棬ô¸ˣ
˵תҪߣĽԼ״̾ͼˣæ˾䣺Ϊµʵ̫ʲѿλ˸ͲҿοԣݶûֱӶһԡ
Ľ˵һƣЩΪԼֲ֪˶ʱ⡣ǿԿɲ궼УÿÿһζҪȫԸ
ԳԼѧԪҲǲܣ뵽ʮ꣬ȻŶǡſͼʸ֤ˣ͵ҲֻǸľͿ
ʲô״Ԫ֮ĸңɼ˼α֮Ľ¶ҪҸ鷨ʦú֣ǡʱҶµܵһ֣ץ˵Ҳʱ򣬻ԼһĶˣ뾹ȻǸ书ֻ֣һǱץС͵һҽС
״ֻΪһ˳׵ĺýڣл̾ƽһòȥǲç֮ͽȴӺͽֱߵ˱ʣ͵һ֡
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Ҷ͵ȥٸȻ˿վڷڵֽۣ͵ǰһתߵ鶼ûȥ⣬ֻһֱҶҪѰΪʦúѧѧ鷨
ĽԣҶһ󾪲Լд֣ȻһҪʦġȻԼǿͽһ֮𣬵ѧ֡
ѧ֣
ĽԿͷһʩ£ң
ҶͷҲǲ̣ܽҽʲôʲôĶʾʦǷ̫çײˣ
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⽭ȻֻƾϲֻҲνɡλ˻ãһаɵĵӣҿǺã
Ľ˼ȥ۾תֻͣȴûգɹĶҶġ
ӣҶҲͲΪֱӴɽҶģɽȻյӽڼգȴǴգд֮ġ
Ҷĺ˵ȻҲ̣Ҳֻ˳ΪֹأûĸӲϰֻѧĵġֲɽԺ
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λɽɽ֮ϣ½ŷչûҲΪ棡ҶӦһ䣬ĵȻ֪ǽյģһСɣλͲʲôȤˡ
뵽λĽĸͲЩɴСǿûʲôϵֻҶó鷨һȤѡɻаɣɻãԺԼĿ;ʲô鷳档
ҪǸΪһаɣҪððȻͶȥǽԼһӶˣ
ȥƾԼƶ˷ָ֪ʶĽԵõһ㲻ĽۣȻɽɣǸʲô˵ɰɣʲôɵĶһ㶼ʲôʲộʲôʲô
ҶĿɲ֪룬ֻԼ˵ҲͲٲԼˣתҪߡ뵽Լһתʹˡ֮ͨ
һͷĽԾȻڵϣʵʵߵͷҿںѧѧԸʦţ
ĽԿɲ֪ɽʲôҲ֪ͽضĺܣߵͷܰݵĽȥģɽѵʱҶͽҲǽͽܣһʹ֮
λĽԡ
Ȳ˵ʮһܲܵɽɵ˵Ҷ룬ͷߵˣԼҲǲֻܽôҪѧ鷨ǱɣȻҲʲôȻѧҲ޷ڰʦʲôġ˵
ҶԳô˵Ӧÿλ⣬λȻߵ˼ͷֻȻôգǱʦʦϣѧһݣ
ô˵Ҷ֪ԼǶ㲻ȥˣӲ˼ͷȻͽĽԸϽ
ȻΪʦҲܱ㣬ȴȥסʰʰ˳дָƣҲ֪־õʲô̶ȣ
ĵλȻԽм࿼ĹԱݶֱӽֽһԣж俼ԲǵǹǺ֮ˣ
ﱾΣĵⳤΪˣдҲӦޣԼֻҪ΢ָͿ԰
ǵĽԵסλյѧдֵݵǰҶƣͻȻһֻȥĳ嶯
Ϊ˰죬ֻϡĳдĵʲô֣ĵɶѳɶѵĳھֽϣ˭˭£Ҳѹּ࿼λ鶼ûˡ
ҪǣҶĽ⸱ԶһȻԼϵĲһ֣һˮī࣬Ǵм˵ĺִɻ
Ҷĵʱͺ޲öĽһ䣺˵ǲǰ¥Ǹ϶ģ


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ֻسգĽԾ·͹һĴͣҶĻԼǲһѡ
ʦѧѧڼж飬̫ĽȻԼϲһ㲻⣬ҶʦʦѵҲһûӲǾƲҵġ
Ҷ˵ҲϻֱӹȥĽԵһ̽
ȥ߲ĽԾ͸о󴦴һůȻСٵ֫ٺУָоò泩ԼµһЩ֢Ҳһ˲Ȭһ
ɵҶĽɿڵǹůʧۿǸԼʦĽԸ뿪ѯһȴҶɫϾµĴ
ʦѧﲻ𣿡
Ҷôһƣκ˶ĽƬ̾Ҳ̲סæѯһ䡣
ҶҲûֻʵǲմڼУ겻ţ
⻰ʵĺϾѰ˼ٱҲҶ⻰²Ǹ£Ľȴ뵽ʲô飬԰Ĵѧһռܶһ㲻ֻǶ飬ҪϿѧ겻Ҳ޲ɣ
˵ҡͷԣС
ˣһĽԵĻӲֹסҶֱӵÿңôǲ͵ñж
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ҶЦҲãҲգֻһʵˣѪήңڸ˥Ǽȥ˥߶
Ҷ˵Ŀ£ĽԻæЦݣȴҲˣʵǺãҩҽΣ
ֻڼӶȥѪʢԿɲҩ

Ҷ˵ⷬ󣬻λյѧ˷ޱȣϾô򵥾ȥһκ˶øе˲ǡοҶ˵ĶֲҪʲôֻÿȥѡ
뵽ĽԵıҲѿ·جһ㡣
ҩ֪󲹵ҩ˵ֻ֢ҩɻָ
Ҷ˲ֱ鲻ܲǴ֮˲ܾ㣬һغҪȥҲ㣬ڱȥҩץҩҸײ̺˱ǣʡذˣ鷳ĺܣֱײһһǾͿˣ
Ľ׹ԼȻѾȳ̶ȣҲ֪ӦӦֻǿͰ͵ĿԼҪ˵ʦ
ĪҪ㿴ңŤ
ֱҶһȣĽֻö·ԣͬʱĿбӣֻأԶ·һʯӣҶġ
ƼҶֻε̾˿һɽȻ壬ֻҪõⲡҲΣֻǡȴҪԾһЩ
ʲһҶƳλĽǸʲôԸˡ˵̫Ũ˵֫ڵ
ѰˣùҲûյڷ￴飬ЩҲ֪߶߶ʱʱҲͬһȥ̤ࡢ͸ҤʲôģҶⴿԼҲ£ܹǵطĿɶһλӦҲʲôˣ
λãһլУûûҹͺΪ飬Ӳţ·ﶼѡʱҶĵĽѧ峵֮ˣù飬֪ʶ벻ḻҲС
뵽ҶͻȻһִ·ʰһľݵĽϣڸдֵļƸҿ
Ľһ⣬ɻհ죬ֻƮСľ֦ΡΡζͣĽֻƬ̾Ȼð϶ĸҶֻһƣ˹
ǰĽдʱҶĲû⣬ֻǿдֱˣʱŷָĽԵϡ
Ҳ̫Ʒˣôľòȣѹһдǰ㾪񣡡
ԭĽʼд֣Ϊ̫鵽൱ĳ̶ȡȷһҪд֣Ҳһÿȥ
֮⣬ĽԵҲдֵĴУдֽƽľ֮Ľдϲ˼֣ͲдֻЩɱɣ϶һ죬Ⱦûˡ岻ã㣬һֻǻͳһ
֪ΪдˣǿԺһκã
ģĽԴϲľҲֶһԡ
Ҷһɫһ࣬һץĽԻûҶʲôͼһľ֦ͻȻԼ߷ɹֱ䵽Ҷ
һĻĿɿڴ촽Ȼ˾䣺ʦʦĪ˼ɲɣ
ʲôɣһСϷˣ˵꽫ֵ֦ݻصĽϣԸڿʼľ֦д״ֻҪҲ˵Ͳ֣𣿡
ǸϷĽҲͲپ棬ֽľ֦ӹȻҪԹԼѾΪʦȻҪԸֻˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷĽ԰ںüƣ˵߰ɣ
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ȻߵĻôɽ
ĽָָԼںƵ֡
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˵꣬ҶҲͲٷϻֻǾֱǰţȻʱʱͷһǸǷ
ʵҶĵĽĽζϣֻҶĻĽԵԼĲֻܽжԷϵٶǰߡ
ȻĽͣ½Ųߣһ޷סҶĵġҪҶľ͵ûչͽܣպѰɽҲǾƲµġ
һҲҶĶĽԵһ飬ͨԼᾡĽ鷨Ҳ뷨跨һȬ
ĽԲ֪Ҷ룬ʱ˼ԹԣʱͿʼѯʣʦôҪߵʲôʱ򰡣ǵס޵ĵطû
ҶĲĽԼҪЪһȵ¸ѧ
ҶĻͷ΢Цŵȥɣ
ĽԳʱҶĴӦˣԸţͻȻҶǾȥɣƺҲΪԼͿԹˣ
뵽˴Ͳʲô飬ŵŵĸںǰУֻǸһͻʵʦҪҪЪϢһ£
ʱֻѾԼһ㣬̧һ·Ѿѵ޲ֱӽҶĲ˵ҲֻӲͦţһ¶ҡ
ֹһʱĽѾһֶ˵ˣȴ۵Ļʹǿ˵ҲΪ֪ҶľƲͣסԣȨʡˡ
ҶɫȻͷɽĽԣԵ˵ͷ˵ɫˣǵһأǾ⸽ҸطЪϢһˣ
ĽأԶұۣҶŵ԰ַˣ
һ䣬ĽԳһȻ˺û˹ͷһֱӾ·ߵȥŵľ֦ǻڣҲָľһʱֲ£ͽɶĶҲѰӰӡ
ҶЦЦԼȥЩҰϧڹٵϣټЩҰҶתһȦʲôҲûҵֻܺĽԿԴĸ
ʦҪҪȵ㣿
ţĽԾȻ֪ͳһƤңһΣ̾һƮҶȻþƣȴҲζ˲档
Ļ̌ͷҪԼ࣬ҶֹסˮԺĪҪˣٺȲ٣ʱȾƲҪ
û뵽ȾƶҪԼʱﲻ֪Ҷһѽ˹ȥ˵ⶫɣ͵ȣ˵ͽǾãȻַһԡ
Ȼ棬ҲԼӵĶĽԺȾƣȷΪ̫ң˵˱ܾǱܣȵɽٽˮ̳ñ棬Ľӻָٻǡ
̧һĽɫлɣҶЩŭ˵պպ㣬һ̰ͼˮɣ
ĽԻæҡͷʦϲѧԵϣ
ãĽԻΪҶ̰ͼƲŻô˵ԳǾҲˡȴ֪Ϊ仰Ҷļᶨ˻ȥˮľġ
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ƽһҶľдһҹڶһͻ˯Ľԣߴ·
ĽڼյĲ¸ǳҲܵĥһ·ѾۣҰ˯һ֣Ҳȼ·ǿҶһʱһơ
Ѱдֵ뾹ȻѰ˸·Ľŷ򣡡⻰Ҳֻ룬˵ǲ˵ġ
Ȼ˼ΪʦʦƢôŹ֣ҲֻˡĽҶһյɽȥҲ֪˶գֻоһձһߵ·٣ȴĽԵ彥Ųסˡ
գĽԾȻȷ֣ǰЩջԼ̵ܿ·ȻҲôѣֻԾƣۣѾߵɽصСڻƻǰͽسǣҲǰʹˡʱףҶı·ڶ塣
ʦѧ⼸˲ˣ
ҶûƳһۣҲ˲٣Զأ
⻰ҪĽõˮȴ⻰Աһעӣͷһֲѣű߷Ÿҩ䣬ǰֻһ棬ȴԵĽζƼûԶƵء
ò֪ͳľ죬Ҷ˵Ծһƣֻһۣͷһ᣺ף
ȻҲҶĺĽѯʣͷȻֱȻݵץסĽԵֻƬ̺ͻȻһ䣺Ȼˣ
ȻԼĺ룬һĶĽԵλӣ֪Լӣ
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ҶĺĽͷôͻȻܹԵһ棬ҶһϸԭͷһнŴѹֻܹƳĽŻΪ
Ѿ֪ˣ
ػͷе㾪ˣᡮŶһ˱ȭС϶ˣ˵һϧɫĻصԼϣȻʣµĲҲȥ
СҪʰ˵ģȴͷת˻Ӳ˻ȥ²ģ˵е㲻ͷûϽλð
ͷȵĿģ뵽СֻЩҲƵöˣֺõЦ˺ˣˣ
ݸСȻҩҪȥ
ͷҶĵͷ룬ͻȻкλ֪ɷ˵仰
ͷҪȥҶĻתЦŵλʲôС϶˵˵Ҳܻ䣬ֱӾҶԱ
ԵȲ˵ȸλϸϸƣǷʲôʵ֮һָĽԣҶҲ˵ֻϴĽ˵Եġ


116 ӽ
ҶﲻԲĽʱʱһֵĿۣҲֻǸһĪҪ˵ȻһûһڵĳŲˡ
ǸнŴ˿ĽԵɫ°˰һβƸղǰֻǴԵһ̽ϸİ˺һĽԼ⣬ĽԵƤͷһ顣
Ҷļͷæ˺һǳȵùƬſڣΪΣ
ͷһ󻺻ڵλ֮顭ƽǵһμã
һ仰ͽĽԺΣҲ֪ӦǰҶĻ˵ΪŻˣΪҶҲѧʶĶˣΪԼ˵
ǰλɲͬⴿһ˼̸̸ֻ֢ʫ飡
λӻ֮ͯǹɴ֮סͱˣĻܻڣͷҡͷԣ˵ʱƳĽԣƺŲ׵ĹӾȻͯǾ档
ϴ߽ô꣬㴩ŵˣĪǼҵķĹӸ磬ǶҲٲѰڼůŮҲʲôϡ顣
ɲ֪ĽȻҵײһĶ飬ûôԵ˼ÿδΪ˸Ͽ߳ȥµ鼮һЩķī֮ġ
ҶͷĻ;úǾˣԾġţһ漴ʵǲͯҲƵĳ
ͷҶķʣһ֮ˣС϶ԵĲ˵֮̽ȴĺܣλȻɫҰ鷢ƣ춥һɺţȴһɴ֮֮ͯУλӱȻͯɣ
˵ϵͻȻֶҶĵλӣͥĿϢƳƽͣڼҹгɵϰ֮ʿС϶û´ð˳ǵ
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ͷЦҡҡͷ˵ֻᣬ֮̽һ˼ʮɾͣʦҲδϰо˵׵ģ
ҶˣͷĹ֮ҪѧϰһЩ޵⣬ҪļʶɾͣͷƾΪϵرĵʶ˲Žɡ
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ŶҶû뵽λĳȻôãҪԼǻɾ൱ҽѧԺģǽԴѧԵĸ죡
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һƺҲҶĵʣЦӦ˾䣺޳Щ֮£
һͻȻعȻĽ磬ҶԼյѧʵ´Ӧҽ
һתͷƳһĽԣ˵ЩʲôҡҡͷҶĵҹ۹֪Σȴ޼̬֮һг֮ˣжơϹ֢֮ǺʲαС϶
ҶĵȻ֪εӣϾͨҽ´ʲôҲɽܵ
ĽԱһֱ˵ͻȻͷӦͣǼǼ´ʲô£±л
֪ǲһλһңͷǾ۾ͻȻһЦŵȻˣС϶ҲͲٲ˽㽫һһĽ֮ķϸϸ˳
ҶãֻͷӳԷ˯߶һһ̸һ飬˵㵽޾ϸֱҶҲǸ̾ѣû뵽ôСµоȻôŵԼǸϢըʱۼʶ϶Ҫǿ࣬רҵʿ֪ԼǵǰƤë
һ˵ֱ˵ڣҲ֪˶ٺˮ˵꣬һȡֽʣ৵д˺üҩ
⼸ӣѭʹãɻ֮ҲҷҩҲɱҪĻǶҩԼպãĪŪˣ
ҶֽҩҪ˹Ȼֽ˱Ƿӵдһģˣ¾Ͳˡ
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Ҷİһ䣺һҲǸȡɵϲ̨棡
ҲΪ⣬ν´ɽȥɽ죬鶼Ҫúı
ǰƻҸ⻹û䣬ҶԼȱһܹӿĴȻͨĵԼܴҲнҩ֮ġиʹʲôģ浽ʱи֢Ҫҽʵ̫鷳
ٵʱ򻹺ãһˣչ˲ԺƸҽ룬ɽ˵һѵѡ
οɽûʲôҵܿҽ֮ģҲǿԴܳûһЩҩɽԼҩҩũùϵҲһá
뵽˴ҶĿųһҵĿ̾ͱӣͷ·ëҶ̾ͳѯûͷ̫ࣺ֪´Ժʲô㰡
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ͷҶһٲˮֳ˲ٳʳٲһҹԼһݷôණѾպǿģû뵽λԺʲô
ҶôһʣͷԭԼõļƻˣƽĴתתûʲô֮ͻԭѰطС϶ҲСˣܲôĴˣ
˵ʱ򣬻˴ԼȡȻΪһҽߣαԼĵãˣӹٱҲá
ҶһĵһšЦʣ֪´ûпҽݵ뷨
ҽݣһû뵽ô⾹Ȼתһʱ֮¾Ȼûлع˺һſЦŵҽôÿģȲ˵ƣǱǮҲһηĳŴеġ
˵⻹㱣أҪҽҪ漰ķܶ࣬ǿǵصȵҪؾΪ鷳һûûбǮҽҲˡ
Ҷļһį֮ɫ֪仹˼ֻԳǸûǷȥ룬ԼǸǱȥȻһϲ
´뿪ҽݣµԸ
㣿һұϲɫܿƽҡҡͷǼҲķᡣֻǿҽݣûô򵥡
˵һҿЦŵ˵Եģ̨ĴǵصİҲڲƽʱһһңТǮܽС϶
˵Ҳ֪ʲôɫȻ̾һҲ֪ǿ޶ˡ
Ҷû뵽һҺǸʲôµˣֻǶԷƺԸ˵Ҳȥʡڳһҵĵ飬ҶĻ⡣
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˵ˣǳһһǾǴ׻ô꣬ϲɫſʵ֪ӳɣ
Ҷ΢Цŵ˵ͷɽҶġ
ɽҶģΪɵǸһҺǾȣû뵽ԼǰṫӾȻɽؿڿڴλɽɡ
ɣҶеͷԣɽû⽣һȴǴӺζ
һҼһ⣬һҶ֪ԭǴɽһѸֶκ󣬱вٲ˾ȻҶΪˣΪ䵱ʱʹΪɡ˺ȥ֪ĻҶĵĴºţҲŽ
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ҶżȻ⽣ɵĴºţְ͵Ǿӽĳƺˣ
ҶȻ仰㵱ѪûŪô£ֶһ
ʲôþȻоӽ˸ȥְʲô˼𣿡ֹҶĶְԼһŵҲһ֪һѯʡ
һҶҶľȻʲô֪֣Ҳû룬ھͽԼϢ˵˳
ԭҶ뿪ְ󣬹ŭͺһ뱼ԭȥֻһֶһЩʿ˶ְɽɵľ׶ܸȤ˵ⲻ䡣
ŭһתھ͵˾䣺ɽҶ˵ӣ¶Ľ⻰ڳҶɫ޶ԲǸˣְҶİҹӷȥϾӡֻǳ֮⣬ϸ
ŭҲһӦͣ˵ҶĽףһڽϣϹ֮ԣΪӽˡ
ЩֻɽɺְѺúͽˣùŭ̾˿϶ҲǸ൱׵Щ˾ҶһãһĴºƺһѡ񣬼¾;ƺŴ£ýƽݳһӽ
Ϣ֮죬Ȼǲͬ죬һĴ߶ϴҲšҶıĽԸۣнٶզ࣬ϱ߻ŵϴȻߵһҶǰͷԲŻгһ֪Ҷȴû鷢
žȻǹŭͣҶľͺ޵οŭ˼ҶҲǲ²ȸһ֮䲻Ҫûְ͵۴ԭڹıԡ
˼ҸճΪӣͷͳ˲ڵʱ˷ֶˣҪ˶ž͵öһ֡αӽ
û뵽ӾȻǴľӽҶҶţС϶鰡ɲ֪ҶĴʱһӻأԻһԴŹ
ǱĽǰһʦȻܵþӽôһƺţҲǽеĺˣɽɵȷˣ
ǰȻֽϷ˵Լ㷲ʱ˽˵ۣⲻ㳹⣬һûˣڴҶĻɽúϰ鷨Ĺ⾰ˡ
ҶĿЦźͷŹǿѹһ㲻ˬʵȻ´ʶ£Ǳðˡʵ¾´ɽɣƽʱҲʲôֻе˻ʱҽһͺã
Ȼһɽʿһҽݣɳ´ҽÿãɽ´һһ룬Σ
һЦŵ˵ͷӦȻɽҶС϶ٲӦǱˣС϶ӦˣպҶŶӹգҲڵЩ߰ˣɽɣЩӰ˵СҲ鷳ڴɣƺҪǵˡ
ȻǸϢռ·ɫҶֱӽ˽̸ֻⷬǻطʱأ߶ͣӽҺȺͷԵֻûûˣ


117 ˺
صɽܻҶľرɣһ·ϻĽԵĴ۴ڡ
˵ɽʱǺһڣĽӹǸ޷֧ϵɽҶĲæֻƾԼȥһ·ͣͣϼҽߣҲֻܹһɽ
һͷӷҶĵģϴ뱲Ӷڸȥӹǲ֪Ľǿ˶٣һ·ϣҶĻΪϴҲա
ͷҲǶﶮ֮
ӳһҶҲ֪һЩԭֵĸſԭĹ򣬼ԭҲǸɵĲ֮أһЩĴܹڹ֮⣬ֻЩ۾ɽɲӵЩ֮ɽţҪѧЩǱȵ컹ѡ
ȻҲһЩʿΪ˽һմȥĳͽܣֻʵ͵ԺԲƣϾԭôҪײһ书֮ˣȻҪԷܹʣʲȰȻĳλгеļҪߣ͡
ԭҪֵĶ࣬Щ֣һЩʿ಻˸ʤߵһײҲǽˡ
ЩӴ²ʿŻôȤ
һ·ϣҶҲЩûоģĽߵҲǲ£ֻһЦеĵš
ʦ˼ҵɾжԶĽԶ֣ձƣҲҶֻȴѾŤᣬŴࡣʱҪһƣ׼ܻɹغ«ֱӹɽȥ
Ҷ̧ͷΧƲֻɽһأ
ҶȥɽأûʲôõΪٸ˶Щ˽һЩǱǼڲİְҵ
ЩȽϺùٸҲ֪Ҷǰû뵽һڣҲǳ˶粻ϤĿҪǳһҵ֪ҶѰٸ˹ϵΣȻֳйؼ벻һ㡣
鲻㺦˰
֪Щ֮ҶҲͲżȥѰ׼ֱӻɽȽ˰ٺã˳㱨ƽȻʱȥݷһͷʱػܱߴûĸվտ
ֻҪʵЩҪȥ룬ɸȥһɡҲ޲ӦĵɽɸṩϣṩסޣǮֻҪɴԼһӦþ߱ɣȺ¶ϲ˾ܾ
Ψһ鷳˽ԹΥ͢ˣҲĳЩϴģֻҪͳ͢ԣɽҲΪҶġ
˵ɽɷչǿҲٲЩˮҿĵ飬Ӧòʲôڣ
һҶľʹֱӱɽɽִڵƽкӼʦǿģ޲ֱӷɱɽ֪ͨŹˡҶĺǳһ䣺ʲôȻôס
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ҶȻ֪ϢɲôżҲȭķʵǲ֪˼ΣͲһɽͷڲ׵ɷˡ
ֽˣȻƾȥ˳ƽȭŵвҵ֪ССɸڼҶĲ֣Ҳͦ˶á
ֻǣ澹ȻԼ뿪ʱˣжвٲۣƽıɽɿ϶кܴϵֻǵʱԼƽʶڲ࣬˵
ɽϸϸʦñˣ
תͷٿĽԣʱڳһҵվǻָࡣԴҶĴһ·ߵɽغĽԵȻĺܣȴȵǿ࣬ʱȻԵƣۣȴǲˡ
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Ҷĵһ仰˵ĵɽٴοʼ
һΣߵı㲻ղôˣɽƽվ⣬ҲѾǰ㣬ֻСվһ룬ɺһȴ˴գȵеɽɽ֮ʱȻѾǻƻʱ֡
Ϊ߻谵ͻȻſʱĵӾ˺һֱƬ̲嵱һ˾ȻԼš
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һһ֣ǵӼææͨȥˣֻʣһǰкӹӭţ
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ܶԣ̾Ÿ⿪ҪԽ̵Լһ̸˵ʲôƵأ˷֮¾Ȼ֪˵ʲôǺã˺һŵллŶ䣡
Ҷĵ˵ͷûٺܶ˵ǴųһҺĽԼȥʱɽ͵Ϣѩбߵӭ˳
ȻԼʦãҶͻȻȥһ£ֻǲŹȥѩͽ¶һĿɫڸȥһûʲô˾䣺
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Ҷƣڣһһк󣬵ȥ˳㻹кһ³һҺĽԡ
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Ȼ·һͨڵЪϢԷ֮أ෿ڶһСǡһ·ͨɽɺڣ״ӵסСԼҶĵźʦʦõľǰоɽɵĺɽǿǵɽıأȫҲֻʦ֪
ʱǰУȥıڣڵ͵㳡ɢȥֻкļһ·ҶĽ棬Ȼһϴķᡪ˵̸»߰ϯ͵ĵط
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Ҷ뵽㿪ԴҪɹģҲûµŵһְ
뵽˴ѩŷԼȻ֮λ뵭˲٣ҲҶ̫ûЩԹ
Щ׿ѩҶ˵
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˼ͷѧˣܷܲȥҵҽԺ󿪵Ĵˣֻƾһ϶οҶ˼ǻҪֵꡣ
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ַԸ˼䣬ҶָĽԵλյѧĽԣ
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Ҫ˵ɽɿͽյĶͽܣѧʲôǿֲݣѩûüʣҶľֱӿڽ͵ĽǸһѧֻΪ鷨Щ⣬ŴοԽԲһɽΪѧ鷨һģֻѧ
ףȻĽԵһֹŹ֣ѩǿı鿴ˡ
ĽԼ״ˣһЦҲΪ⣬˱ȭ˻ȥֻǿǵʦǺʦͬڲ࣬ƨɾֻλϷ˰˵˵
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ĽȴҶһ֣͵ʦڲ࣬ѧȻҲ֮ԣֻǰƨճϡ
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ˣҶҲȥˣֻǼ̸һͽɢȥֻȥ֮ǰҶĶԸ˾䣺ԺԺҿз˲
ȻֽһҺĽ԰ŷ䣬һзԸϣоֻʣʦˡ
ǻԼԺ˵
ûˣƺҲûҪҶһԼסԺȥһ˾䣺˵ȭˣȭҲɢˣ⾿ô£
ѩƺϵҶĻдһʣ࿴һۺѩֱӵǱһģ
ŶҶֻŶһδԣǾġ
ѩҶû˵ʲô֪徭ʦɽûãȭžͻͬһЩΧСһɽҪɽɸϳɽ
ȻأҶ»£û뵽Ȼôһֻ뵽ԼʦõԸȺûһк³
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Ҷֻһƣ¾˵ĳЩϷ֮ԣǵԼʦôŭһ٣Ϸ˭ϷλԼˡ
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ʦֻǵǸȭŵŹ𣿡
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ͼվһΣˣˣ
ʲôҶľĵŹˣǾһΡ¸ϸ˵һ飡


118 ̹
ҶĶŹһ²⣬ȭִȻйԹ˵Ҳ̫ҲͬԲŻ
ǴȶŹԼԼǲѲŽöģҲҪ£ȻȭѾˣҶȫԴȵĽսɽýɽЩƣɽҲǸϾɱ֮й϶˶£µʲô
ڣҶĸǾһΣѵǴȭڹɽɣЩͽܣ
ͼԼʦе㶯ŭŽһһʮϸϸ˳Ҷ֪׻Ǳ̫¡
ȻɽҲǱصĺ֣ҲôʮˣȫȥӭУԷҲûмܡ
£ⲻ˾ͻмһֱײԺСײãȻȴҲǺͯˣֱӾһһ˹ȥһƽһƣҲ˲ˡ
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ȺץǰͥһƬսʱѱѩһͳ֮ʱץ˸СŮ¾ͳһš
ҪԴŮҪЮɽɾͷģҲбɽɱʹȥʱ֤ȫġ֮ûơ
ʱŹƽţ˸ղŽʮϣ˭ûռˡԼߵ˾Ȼץ˸ʮҵŮ޳ʱŭΪ˵ֶʵ̫ɣǺúΪ
ǡߵǰŹ־ͽ˹ȵҲԳƽúȻúҪЮ㻹ʲô棿
֪ԼЩȭΪλ߳磬Ͳ֪˼ޣʱӣ̾һ䱳ģϻƳһﲻԾÿÿɽɣѾͶɽ˰ɣ
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Ź⣬ղһ̫ܵʵʱϢȣҪ˵һЩвֻӲ˻ȥ
ҲƳһҪԼ׷ˣԼʱֱ߶ǵˡ
ŹΣٰƲֵܣֵҶΪȭŰҲˣû뵽㾹ȻһˣʬǶδͿʼɽˣ
˵껹һ·ƲŹƵأŹ˵̾һ𣺡ɱͽŮ
⻰һͳһȺֱȡŹ𡣱ЩǲŹ֣κŮȴҪĺܣҲ֪˾֡ɽ̫ԳƾǴ򲻹ˣ˻һƣ¾˾ŹɱȥȻôһ֣Ź𼴱ǿҲмܡ
ʱѩͶڶ˲ϣȻЩղô̫࣬˼ɱҲҪɱһϾƣֻƽԼʦѣæɱ˹
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Һƽ죬ֵֽʹҴ֮ºܿɱһӣȻ̽һץֱһ˦Źһӣʦţ
˿Źӵգһ̧ͷȥԳĶṦĻԾҪ£뵽ŸԾգ߾ʹһ󽿺ȣ
һתͷͼ콣ӰڣԼҪֶЩ˻ûع͸߰˽Կеһ֮ǰѾûϢ¼ˤĺܲҲû졣

ȺЩʶϳѩʹľȻǱŵıֻɽѾ뱱ʲôϵתܡɽǻƲ𣬱Ͼʱ䲻ǿΪɽɵҶһ˴ġڽıβǵġǿԭŵĴɣϰñҲڽ硣
ȴ֪ѩⱱԭװ棬Ҷ쿱ȶɻ䣬ϽвԾϼ֣һȻʾ˸˾ŲʮѩһֱԿţʱͼ˲ٽС
ڽڵƣȫС๦߶һʹԭıһɽЩ˼мʶҲ֪ܵС๦һ¾ͱסˡ
˵ѩֽסŹ˴ʱ֪˶ȭţѾ˹ȥˡֻǻɽСѾͷҲδܵѩһȻŹ𲻴˳ۣǴʱȴиһʦܽţȽЩɽɺֵɱɾ
ʵƽղźһʦŵʱ;ֻ֣û뵽ȻѩȣɴԾһԽӦʱǽ˸š
ȿʦֶʱһŸǺһ˫ﲻ֪Ǻãʱʦ΢ͺοһȥ̽Ź𣬷ôһҲ֪˶£ڶٻеӰ˵ֱײΪҲߣʱѾǻԲѡ֮ˣҪ˰ʱ͵һغ
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󡭡
ʦɱķЩС֮ͽɱ˸ɢӡ˵ƳԼʦ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôѩŵɡ
ҶҲԼʦãѩȴ⣬ƲɽûǾɱ˱Ѿǿˣ
˵Ҳ֪ôش𣬷Ҷĵ˵ͷ߽ǵˣԵ˲ҪҪ˵ɱ˲Ŷԣ
ϾȺСģ޶˹ɣɱҲǻãοЩ˻ʮŮ޵ʣ˵ΪõϣֱӾͻһͽıǩ˵ö֮
ͷһ£صһȺСŮµ飡նʲô˿ˣ
ͱҲʲôĴ֮ˣֻǾöʫ˵е̬οɱĿһ㲻ѩ١ʱҶİѻˣҲ͸Ӳˡ
ɭѾд˷ʦҪĿ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷøңɭһ£ųȥ׾͸ˣЩɽУɽƱҪ׷ɱһӣ˺֪ɽɿɲǺǵģ
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Ҷ֮˷ʩѩͶӦ£ƺϸӲ⣬ȵЩڼϸڣ¶֮󣬲ָ̬
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ͽһ䣬ǰЩҲ˸Σ˵ػอѪ˴ˣҪһָܻʱܲþҲֻۣܲڷš
˵ƲƲ죺Ź붯ҲˣϿɶ˺üͷģ
Ҷ룬ձˣȥѪƣҵܽ㵹ûϼ񹦵ѪЧףֱ
뵽Լ书ȻǸϵҶľһˬǰû̫⣬ŹŻع
ӾȻˣ
ȴҶĲ֪ˣ书֮ЧϼΪҹȻⷽж֮˵ȺÿҲйء
صԼԺӣҶѩ£ͽܾȺԼʦչʾԼһʱгɹ
Ҷķ֣ΪȻûʲôǳּȴѾΪͬǴʵս˲پ顣
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ֻϣȽѾͷˣԺɽһʶоҪ뵽ʹȻо˼ܽҶĲԾ
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ϸϸΨһ;Ϊյ飬ԼˣʱԼ㹻ЩӵèҪסǼֱΡ
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СѾͷͷųнԶ͵͵Ҷ˵˾䣺֮ŹƺΪܣ춼ȥ̽һ
ҶˣΪŹסԽеһְȫУôܡܱȽƶԳ겻û˸ĸԳ֡
ˣҶֻڡŶһû˵ˡ
ͼ⣬ʼҪȥҶļҪߣæʵʦܵˣ
޼ȻоֻһֺʼջⲻȥҴͨζбȫҲǺΪˣ̾һ漴ֵ޷˲٣Ҳôˣֻżһ£Ӱʲô
Ȼ˵ɣҶȴúáǺɢʼǸ֢˾Ͳ
ⲡãҶľܾЩʲôûкʵչΨһһ޼ѾѧˣȴκǺá
Ҷ֪ⴿ޼ľҪǸ֣֮ԿǺŻʼ޷ֻҪܹŪһչ²һҲͿԽǺ
֮⣬Ҷĵ뵽һӣȹЩʱգҿܲϼǺҲκⲡ
һ㶣ʦأףҶϼ˼ǽ͵ԼڡԼˣѵʦ
ζͨϼתֹֿ֮תֻҪһʱգǺͻᱻڵϼתǶް
ô˵ʵǷҶҲ׼ֻԼˤȪϼȷԼڵĺתˣԼǣô㺮ӦҲܹתɡ
ȴͬôֻӦ˾䣺ʱ˵ɣҲʦֻʲô湦ֱӾͽⲡκأ˵ҲҶĻشֱӵ˾䣺ȻطϢˣʦʦú𻰰ɣ
һ仰ֱԱߵѩ˸εԼûȷҶľתͷһۣǡýԼߵ˹ȥ
ʲôͷŤⲻҶƼʲôÿģ
ҶһЦͻȻֽѩʯϵСָץ˸ʵ
ʲôѩҶһһһӦȴǽѳƣ½˿ȥ
ʦãʦҪ̹׸¶ҶǽţƤ˳ȻһǸ˵˾䣺ңŪˡ


119 ۣ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷ˴򶷵ʱ򶪵ģ
Ǻ˵ȥְڽƽ֮ǰһأȵͶˡְΨһһδ󶯸ɸ뻪½֣Ұ˳ɾǱǸ˳ȥ
Ұ˳Ǳ˳͵ȥģ
͵ѩظԻ˭û͵ʲôãҲ֪ǲŮ˵ֱ̫棬ѩһʵıǣ͵˻ǱŮ͵ˣ
ҶıԼʵʵĺʦýһԺ»ҲֳʲôѪ飬ֻѪҪǰˡ
һŮӣѩҶӱ֪˴𰸣ȴҲû˵ʲôֻǵ˾䣺͵˱͵˰ɣ
㲻ӷҶ׼ͷѩƺûҲ΢˵ģʱҲ֣ԼΪĻҪԼĲԸʦãʦҲĪҪգպҽҪǣ
ҪҶĲ֪Լ䷴ѩе㲻ˬǶ
ҺҶķӦ죬͵ͷǶ
⻰һѩɫ΢ÿһЩҶ֧СҲûмس飬ƾҶţҶʱʱĴָĦᱡ֮Ҳˡ
ԼʦɫÿҶгһһûãԺû𣡡ֻһұĥ˵ĻϸȥһƣԼΪռ˶Էˣ㱻аڵֳ̬ͺôˬ
ֻЩȴ򲻻Լʦȥ˵ֲǲͨ¹ʵĴģŮǰ̸һŮˣ⻰˵˵žתصϡ
Ҫʦٸһ
Ҳ֪Ҷ仰˵ˣѩȻ͵ĽԼָ˻ȥһ䣺ΪʲôҪٸһûˣֻк澿ǲȴö֪
ҶĲþֻӦ͵ţû˺ãʦǲͣļԼͷʦҲǺܵĵģ
˻һͱѣѩȻŵֱʵʦҴˣ
ҶҲѩһһ£ѩԽЦ߳ûһҾʹˣ
ʵȴмջƵģʱ·ʱ磬عȥװʲôһ澹ż˿ѩԼģһŽҵиҶã֮ͬ⡣
ͬʱҲ巢֮ĸͷǲܺ˵Ҫ£ŮԼ˿ԼнԼиԷ˼ѩҶĲὫҴ򿪣㽫ԼС˼ĸж뵽Ҷĸôֱ࣬Ӿ͸˿
һʱԼ˼Էײƣѩͺ˵ϺһԽԽ죬ֻƬ̾ͺܹγѪ֭ˮҶЦһƣѩȻͻȻһתˡ

ȫû״ҶĿɿڴĿѩת̧ವһܻԼ䣬ȻһŹصʵʵĶѩŸ˵
ôţҶԼ°ͣЦ̫ˣ
ҿ˿ѩӴʱصҶĴʱȥãҲᣬҲһ޶ӦǻȥϢ˴šҶĿ˿ֻûط
ЩתתȥҲеƣ룬ӷۣǾЩƣ͡ЩӣľǱʱصв΢˯һȾˡ
һҲ֪˯˶ãҶȻѾͣ˵ֱ൱ϡ飬ѩҲ֪Ż˱ȽҲûţҶֱ˯˸Ȼѡ
˯˯Ȼѣǵ֮һһ룬ҶڻûﵽڲŬСϾ۷չҲҪ׬ǮģǸɿɣ
ۣ΢ϰһڹȥ壬ɫѽ磬ҲͲһΣȳ԰з˵Եġ
ɽһȥѰͷɽЩȴҪһˡ
ĽԵҲҪһȻ˳һ򣬵Ҷɲ׼ԼõķӡǾĽѧϰһЩǳĹʹ֮һЩȻٴ鷨
Ѱ˼ţĽԼȻ˹˸Ȼŵʦѧʲôʱʼʦѧϰ
ҶһĽ˵˵ԼţԼţֱӱȲæֱѧҲǰѧȽӵĲˣٿʼ
ĽȻĵ˵ͷ˾䣺ѧȥˡ
һҶľ͵ȵȣ
ʦʲôԸ
ʲô飿ӹǣھҪúöҲһʱȻżѧϰ鷨ǱŬá˵һ֦һĽԵϥ䣺ȴʼ
ĽܵҶһ£ÿҶûֻһ顣ɼˣҲĽһЩڵϡ
ʦʦʲôĽԲдֺʲôϵ֪͵ʲôϵ
ıȽ֮дֱֻҪдãֱȽһͨдĲǺ֣ȻǶ̺˵ͻȻһ٣һָĽԵ֣ҲںüƣҲһˣ
ĽԱǸܵЩֻһʱҲŲȥˡ
ȻأһڰԴӰҶΪʦһҪ鷨ѧϣҶ˵ʲôȻмִֵȴ
ʵҲĽôŴܴɵģĵһһҪ֤ԼѧƾҶŪΪպܹһˡ
ҶƬ̣ĽȻֻƾһӲͦţȴ˿ûеµļ°޵Ȳ˵ΣھǿڣֻҪлͷر㲻ΡԳģ˵ǻӦϡ
ֹһյ蹦ĽȴζŲȥˣҶĽ豭£ߵĽָ㣬˳ͽ˼ȥдʣȴǽǻڹĿھһһ˳
ϸᣡ
ΪĽԱ޸ҶĴڹʱҲûѰУΪ˼ѭָ㣬ǻڹҪеĹؼѨε˳Ľиֱ۵ӡ
ȵĽԶǻڹһЩʶִһЩķţýʱ򲻻ǰʹࡣ
æһУѾ磬ҶѾͷˮĽԣֵ˾䣺ˣȵ⣡
Ľɴ⣬̾Ҫֱӣκ̫ãȴѾмֱֽ͵Ҫվ𣬲ûȴЩˤÿҶԷһ²ûԼѧ󡪡ԱߺţԼʦԷ
ĽεЦ˼ЦȻһһӡƵںţ⻹ҶķԸȥһĽԣߣһƨڵ϶ˡ
ȻҶĴһЩڹţһЩھ̸ڹôŵģ¾֮ʱӦʲôӣ֪ӦʹڹҪԼʹûиҲ룬ټ̫Ҷʲ¾ⱲҲ
ֻǴʱĽԲ֪ֻǶܹʹһתתȥķźǺ棬ΪůΪ̹ͲԼ˼䡣
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ĽҲһʮİӽ̵ԼʲôףϾձ˵λԼʦĴӣ˼ŵ״ӣϵɱԼӲʵ١οʦִʦգⱾͲʲôϡ¡
ĽϾʱٺѧЩǳȭŹ򣬽ĽǶϾЧޡ
ĽֻǵͷӦǣҶԡ
緹ԵĺǼ򵥣ɽɵļҪԱʱѾ͵ҶĵȻ˵䣺ҳ԰ɣͿԶˡ
ϽҲûʲôҪ̸ⷹԵĺܿ죬Ƭ̺͸ɢȥæԼȥˡ
ҶĿĽ֣ԼȥȻĽһĸ˹ȥԼûˡ
ȥŹˣ
ɽλΪǣֻҶļźҲǲ˵£ԼȥŹķ䣬ֻƬ̣һרſٳסķᡣ
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ʼޱһССɽţٵɽͬͽǸʼչ¶ͷҶţٵ棬Ըַ緶ɽһ֡
ҶĴϸʤʱŹͲԾһӵĸоָоΪϵľ޴࣬ҲĿǰԽԽԵĵλࡣ
ҶʲôˣԴɱɽɣʶɽǿʵҶĲھȻôǿ˶û뵽ġŹɽһͳɽָ׾ٵ飬ǰûôûڳˡ
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ŹԼһСһ㣡ԼһƻǰԼЩͬͣÿÿһꡣ
ֵܿˣ㲻ضˣȻô˵ҶĻİõ˶ԷһŹ𿴲ģһҲġ
ŹȥҶǹŹɫɫƣ˵Ǻ֪Ƶȷأ˸ƣ˾䣺ɷ񣿡
ЦŽԼ˹ȥŹɲԼе˵ʲô¹ġ֮Ļʱ˼ˣ˵Щֱȡ衣
̽һҶҲŹ˴ŵ˽⣺ֵˣȻ鷳㣬ȴҲǲΣÿնΪֵܵһһ֮˱ȬȻ˿ɴűżаСۺСȣͷҾûˣ
ҶŸ壬֮Լ˼ɣǶԷȻŹܾﲻǸζ
Ҷһֹ֣סŹĻ¶Թֵǰ֮٣оͽ֮οֵҲͽܶܣֵǷ֮¡
Źſڣȴû˵ʲôԥ˺һʲôһصͲɽɺҶȣպƾɽɲǲҲɣèĹԳûǸʸֻڹۣͨЩˮɨܼ֮±ˣ


120 ֥
ŹҶֱӾͬˣȻ˼ԸɽɣҶĵȻûоܾĵʲôŲܡ
⣬ҶԸŹҲǿǵһ⣬ŹĹҲͱɽɵЩŵǿԼƽڲ֮䣬ƫֱƽ࣬ţҲûʲôˡ
۵ݡҶ׼Ź𶪵£ʲôˡ
ϼΪŹһҶûмֱתԼԺƬ̣һὣͬʱͨԼ۾æһУѾǰˡ
찡
ʱŵķɿ죬ҶĶûʲôоһվ͹ȥˡ
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ļգҶıɽ̵̽ӣָָĽһЩͬʱܶŵӿ˸Слط㽣뽫׽ڸܶģתһ룬׽Ŀǰ͵ĿҽһһŵǲÿҶľֻ˼С
Ҳûѻ˵ֻպúŬ⽣ܹѧȫ׽ҲܾǼҲ㹻ܶϰһˣȻûв˸߲ҵˡ
ºҶĲ֪ЩȻæڴ񣬵ǹȴû£ʮо˸࣬»ĵҶĵʹġָὣȻմ˽ڹ佣е֮˼ӦĽС
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ҶĵţҪͽʮǼָὣһһʾһ˳ѧ˵ͬʱҲ˺һ󣬲ʮһָὣȻֶ˼С
ʦָ֣ὣ׼аͼսƣ¿ѣο·ԼĵģȻĵľҪҶ
Ҷ룬ȴôҲ벻ָὣжУװ13ĵһ䣺ʹĳУ⽣жУٶࡢٷپٵ֮ʱһҲʹǱ벻һ޶
벻۵Ǵ￴ˣʱӦԼʦܵǺʵĽԼӱ䶯˵˳
һ¹ȻסԼλʦܡҲʴӱ֮򲻿Զʮͷ;ͳΪϤĲӡҶĵĻһƸʹһµĵ··Ҫƽֻ̹ҪȥôϵĳɾҪΡ
ӣҶβ֪ʦ򣬼״߶һ䣺ҲͶˣӶﻹһأһ˵СҪȫǻóΪµһ
ҶĶﻹʲôʤС޽ʤнΪ㹻ľʯԿΪȷˡˣ֮ؾȣԹأԱ֮ʩ
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룬Ҷľû˵ɣ̸˵ôͻ᲻ᱻЩ໥ͻ۸ķ͸ղһҲ㹻ܳʱˡĴﵽ¸ΣԼʱôҲеŻ˵
ƻǱһ¾ĺð츳õ˼ʵͣҶļרĵԼĹ
ʵҶĻѡѹˣͣĻһ;Ҳûа취ΪһԽߣ֪̫ľˡΪϢըܶ۱˷飬ɵĽ֪һ𣬵֮ʵսȫûͷ
ҪǣЩ۵кܶ඼ԵģҲǸǳͻ·ֲ֣֪ЩȻţͿƾԼһЩ߳Լ·
Ҷ̫߰Ķൽ˽ⶼǵˡ˼ÿ۶ǶԵģҪҪоЩۣмⲻѰ˼ȷأǺأ
ȻҲвٴȺܵľ飬ֻսжԴһ־ʹĻôࣿʱɾͣЩǰûʲôʵáѡһֱҲ׿Чķʽͣ
ۣϿǿȻǿһ㣬ȻǹϵôҶȻԶȥ׷Щ߰Ķˡ
ѡ书ʽҲѡȽߺԼƢȽ϶·Ķ֪Լܲ߳һʺԼ·ԳԼѡһ׵·ֻҪŬǾͱȻΪĳ۶һط겻ôʵ̫ʹˡ
һһȥҶЩӹĺģƽ
ͬʱǰЩԼɽ̸ҲڽˣиϴҶץסǸɻɽ¶˴ҶɽˣȥģȻɽصĲռ˴󹦣ǱصģֱӾ͵ĵǼҶĲѯ
Ȧһұ겻ҲͲʮ洫գԴĹ㹻Ӳʵ
ǰô̾ߣǿŵùģҶ⣬ֵҰ˵˵ȥ
ҶĵʱֻЦܣֻԼȥ룬ͲͷͷˡһǲһǷ̫պ󲻺ûǹٸ˰ɽˣ鴫ȥ˵
뵱عٸȻ໥ϵĺǽܡȴǱ־룬ཻƽߡҲǽϵһǱ򡣵ȻҲһЩɺ͹ټϵǽܣͱںڣ˵ϵɽڻǿʱûȥĳЩ뷨
ҶɭܶԽұ뵽ɽ˳㽫ұ洫Ҳһ£ɽɵĲҵֻȴұԼ򣬶һѧͽƽʱҲֻһЩ򵥵߸ַ޲һЩũߵС
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⼸ѧͽԵĿԲᣬṦȴǱرܣʱʶһ֮ҶתͷͿһۡȻĵ˵ͷʾסѧͽȷÿһһֵ࣬˭ɽʱ˴ҩݸ󣬻ҪѧṦ
СҲͬңϵֻҶԼᣬոֺֻһˬԵ֮ɫ
ڻ쵽ֵܸĵزˣȻʱֻǸԼҵĶ֡
Щ֮󣬳һţҽݿҪݺˣǲǸ֣
ҶĴʱȤζǡдĽԹĦѧֻܹĦһƽһëʿҶдġóһѯʣɷ֡
д֮ݸһҿǳ´ӹһƣ˳֥֣ȻַΣ޵֥ҩ⣬֥֣Ȼɾΰٲĺð
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ʲôһɱһ˵Ŀں̫ˣΨǰİҲһû˵
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֮⣬ѰֻҪһҩڱɻָأ´˵ҲɴΪ⡭ȻȲר˵ʥҩҩ־ڱЩЧԲҲ޷
һᵽҩǵ⣬˵ЩʥҩҲްԵãͷȻɽɣҩҲɽɵˣպɽ߽ҲöһֶΣ
ҶĿҩ˷ܷǳ˲֪Լ֪Щҩﲻ֪ˡ
ЩŴɣĸûгĵҩʱϽͬ˭һˣԼһֱӾһ䣺ǱɵXX˵ΣȻΧһֵۣ̾ʥҩXXյüҲ㲻ƣ
룬;ʮָҲǸԼһֶΣԼһɽδǴ˼
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Ѱ˼һ󣬳һεЦЦţͷ߽ʮ꣬оβˣⶾһ漰Ѱһ壬ǽ֪ľ޶Ǹ
ҶҲһҶԽⶾʮó˵˱ҲΪˣֻǵȻǱˣ
Ҳ֪ǲǱҶһ伤˰һ룬˵˾䣺ⶾȻóŪһζͨĽⶾȴûʲô⡣ֻҪЩ޶֮ⶾԱסͨظǿֱӻ⣡
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ӦõӦõģȻ־˾⸱֣⸱ҲˣǱֵ֥ұֱ⸱Ūɣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷӦ£ǳһҼŵͷϲ̵ȥˡ
ʦѧƻҪ϶ʱգĽԼһȥſѯʡʲҶдֵʱҴţΪĦƣ͡
ʱҶĲдֻ֣ͳһ˵⾫һջе֧Ųסˡ
ҶȴЦ鷨ɣպҲҪ鷨˲ҶļĽһɬЦⲻŸոտʼҼϼգ㹻ëʵһ˰ʯ飬ʱ㻹ܱһʱϣܿʼѧ֣

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һֱ˵ĽڴԼԼƮƮ裬ߺһֶ
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121 
񽭺ͨζ߲ſν֮Ϊ֣ζͨսѭֹ̨̤ףЩѾ֪ˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷȻʾһҼ˵ȥԼԭճ԰˷Ҷ£㽫һһ˹űĵ˵ֵĽʵ
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ζһͨγѭʱγɵմޱȾɣҲǰƴʱֱȺƾ࣬ζһˮ롣ȥǱһأȥǿһֻһͨߣ
ʵһҶЩҲˣҺϴֶӣһҲܵóҪϢ
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ҶĴʱ֪ԼδŬȻ֪ʵ㲻һ֣ڵʵǳҪѷɫ٣Ҫ֪ǳṫңڽҲ㲻һ֡˵ģ˻ΪɵǸ׷ɱӣ֪ȳ绹ࡣ
ҲûпǹͨصĿܣֻûиķҲ
ŴͨʵеķӣҶ˼ﲻ˿Ҫ֪ͨζѾЩʱգΪҲѾȻƾ躮ȪЧԽۺ񣬿ǳѵֻܿǿҲ̫ˡ
˵ǿ̫ҶһûŬķǰһϼɵĿ꣬أһֹĻƣûй̶Ŀԡ
˳һҵЩҶһµĿ꣬ǾǽԽشͨˮƽ
ճһԣؾ澭ζ⣬ֻҪһ̱ͨɹͨһһƬʱȫж֮ʱ֪Ҫ١
¼ľ֣ȴ֪ǿʲôӣǾݴԣЩ˴඼Ƕѧյһ̶ȣǹԼҲᱻ׻ܡǱΪ֣ǹΪô򵥣
һ룬Щ̫棬ֻգȻԼ⡣Ǵͨغﵽ۷壬ôΪλһС˺ȺأԹߵ;е㲻ˣΪЩΪֵҲвǺ֮ʿɽΪһҲʮ飬Щ겻ҲΪǿļ֮һ
˵ɽƾǺ׵֪ǿΪ֣ǻɵĺģһѧҲĹȴΪǰĸ֣һΪпյĶ֣νͣ
ԣͷΪǸ磬һʲôѾƾڹΪͷֱó˵ģ
ҶĶЩû̫뷨Ϊﵽһ̶ȣҲǴﵽһ޵ʱҪٴ̤ǲܵ顣Ϊ൱ȴֳȻͬսҪȵı㲻ڹˣжѧ⣬սʱӦȵĽһߵȫʡ
Ҳ˵ΪϿܺһֲ˶٣ܹսӵ󻯵ģǾǾ֣򡭡
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㵥ڹΪҶҲкܳ·Ҫߡ澭ôôͨģԼҲƾһЩʺ˺ǿ
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Ǽж˵ֻΪﵽ۷߲һ㣬Ҳͳ˽Ϊ׷ľˣ
Ҷ룬ʵ᲻ֻһ鹹ҥԣϾƺ̫ˣ
ҥԣû뵽һһͷ뷨ᣬȻٶգʵʵ飬ںڶص伮أЩɶѧ伮ϲ
ѧ伮Ҷĺ棬ɻὫѧ伮óʾˣ
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Ҫ˵֣ǿȻںڣֻɶǽɣƽʱ볯͢Ϊܣϴ֮꣬ϵ˼ƽʱȻе߶ȴٲ뽭Թһ룬Ǳǽ֪Ĵ¡
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֪ϢʱҶǸӵԣյӣľôһ⣡ұǱǺȻǿҲ̫̬뵽ֱӾ͸ŪһǿBOSS֮һδˣ
Ȼϣ͸𣬵ɽɵӣҪɽɻǵõôһɽɺɽһսǱǺȻų񹦣ǾͲǸϺ׾ѧõˣɱӵĶȻɽɵĸ߲㣬ǸʲôʺԳ֡
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ȻˣҺúðʮ⾰ɣŪؼȡָȻרʹҶһҪñõڹؼܹͨ澭ĺ书
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ɽĸߵĵλ޷赲Ⱥ˰ʦ飬ɽСɳ˵ĵҲ޷赲Ⱥ˰ʦ顣
ǡȥʲôɰɣһóԺúȺùţ
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޷޷ʵֵҲǴôģҲһ޶ֵ㾡ܷģ
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ͽܵ飬ܶȻûսţѾѧȫ˻ط㽣ٲȻŵһˣͬʱ˸ִµͷΣյӵ飬ȫˡ
ŹһȻĿɨյɽشɨɨĻŪĵطǰͥʹ㳡˾Ŀ⣬ȫȻΪ⡣һ˲ԭɽϵͬˡ
ѽ죬ŹֻɽɨأȥҲϣ˰ɣ
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ܶɭЩæѪһ¾ʮӣҲɽǿʢ
ܱģԭǶʮڿԷųȥˣǿһԺ׬ǮǵΪ׬ɽǿ
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̵ܶŵӹҶĲпһ䣬һͬǰ۲쿴ûкӵѩӣҲָпʦֵĹͣ


122 칦
̧ȥѽݻƵҶƮƮԺӣȻ춼ɨȴܱȲҶµƵ
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ʵҶĸϲ죬ǰǡԽ֪ǲܵǰһӰ죬յĹ۸½ɲ˱ȲͿҶƮ֮ˡ
ʦѧܿʼϰ𣿡
ĽЩӱܴݲУȴ˽ǱһͿӸ˸߰˰ˣѧõĻڹҲһչȴһҡҡ׹ˡ
ëʵһ˵һȭͷʯ飬ǱʸȵϣƽУ־֪ȵǿ˶١
Ҷ˼ۣ˾䣺տʼ֣־ҲСˣ̫泤ȭѧˣ
ĽڿԿʼʽѧϰ鷨ϲʤ⻰ҲԾĶЩҶһ䣬̾߰˾˳
ʦ˵̫泤ȭѧֻҪЩ๦ѧѧ˺ֺһʹҲģˣֻ˶ȴɲУѧǱΪɵĹţ򲻹
ҶҲΪ⣬ֻǵѧֻΪǿ壬ֲ򲻴ĹҲνǳȭȻǳȴҲ㹻ˣȤҲȥѧЩƷ֮ġ
ĽԳûʲôȤԼţȭŶӲҲûʲôѧ֡Ͼǹţ֮ѾɽǰټŻûʲôӣɹţɻϰŵ̫泤ȭƲˡ
ǺŵЩӣʺõҲ̫泤ȭϰ˸Ϥͨ͸ԿʼѧѧҲǼȭƹ
Ӷѡ˳ѡ˵ȭŹ򵹲ûѧֻɽɲûиŰʲôȭŹҶȻмƷȴʺϴŵӡóȴûʲô͵
ʵǰʱѾƴ˼ҪѧϰȭŵŵӣֻЩôƵ˶һŵӣЩ²ɽϣЩѧȭŹһʱҲ˽̣׷ѡ˱
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ȥ϶УмԼѧͽҹͣæɽ¶˸Եı
ͬʱǵԼҲƷÿ϶ɽ֣ͬʱҲĳЩԵĵط˸֣ʾԼ֡
ҶĵںֻõµĳǺܿĵģָὣһͶȺǳ⡣Ժ벻һָὣͱһѳˡ
ڵõ˽Ҳ죬͵Ĵ޼޵˽ӽɽ׶Σƿסһ㣬һʱĹƿ粻żѩС๦ɽȻѾԳҪĴﵽνĴɾ磬ƲʮʮûϷ
Ҷʱھó̵ţĹӣͬʱܲôһ۵Ѭգ۽ȭƹ־ʹںԼǷŶӦı
ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҷĵһʹһеľ緢չȴȴ֪ôۣԭͺܻԾ˼άġ
Ծȴ֪ѩд־ܽзȭŹ̾ڲԾݺݵĳ˸ͷ
ΪԼɲ׼ʱٻؼһεõһִպô׽
һΣǵõһöⱾؼʱ˺һ
󽣣
鷭˿һҳӳľһοƪ֮󽣷֮ȷȷ󽣣ҶֱӾһ䣺ô˵ģúõһӲҲˣ
ϧνǽָأ˿񶼲ҶģֻǱ󽣷ؼҶﶶͣ
ҾͲˣƾһ󽣷Ҿ򲻳·
ָӣҶĶ۳ʩųȥķѾ˳˽⣬ֱ۾Ѿһָгɵ¸ɮ
ϰһ·󽣷Ȼûʲôѣֻת֮ʱĶྫָ֮⴦γɽʩųȥһ䷱ӳ̶ȴԶָ
Ҷоָγɽķţֻʱж̽ޣⱾ󽣣ǡøṩһʵĲο
ֻҪ۽ķӣȻʹ·ʹ·˵ò·ĶӦУǽǿˣ
ϧʵҶô򵥣Ȼ󽣽֪ڽתΪαֽ̬ųȥѾȻҪ񶪽ֱӽԽǶֱ˸е
ҶµĹʹһҲ޷ãнʹһԼΪˡ
̬ѹһһĳ
⽣򣬲ʩųȥķתɽһ֣ҲǼΪķ㣬⽣۷ųԴɱУ񽣿ɽָϣȻʹеģҲ˵кǱҪ⽣ָϾ۶ɢǿֲ
Ҷڵõ󽣷֮һоתķţһ߻Ȼϰ˵ԵģֻҪԼɣ֮ʱͻȻָһ㣬ǽȻָܱɱ
һҲǶһɱﵣֻҪСָܾñŤѰ˼Աָʹҽת֮ѾȻȻҪɲǺ鷳ΪָָķţֻҪ½ϣŪµ·Ҳѡ
ӱôһȥҶľڡ졯һµĽͬʱʱʱȥ̵ơ
ܶѧȫ˻ط㽣ֺҶѧ˼ƣսǿѾʵŵһˣƽʱΪеˡ
ɭСӱƽҪæʱ䶼ѹե˺ٵһ㣬ҶѰ˼ôҲŵӣԺҪҼ֣򳤴ǹʼϲȥʵǶɽɵ档
ֻȴûʵѡܶǸð֣ȴΪôӣһʱڲ֣ȻҶĺѩֿʼԽ̵ŵ书ÿչҲλִæˡ
ֲָȺŵܳ˲ţ
ֻȥ˼ΣȻԵúǳڣҲ㲻ϾãȺƽ˵ԵЩȺҶĻǾЩ˲˵㡣ҲһӣĳɾҲһЩ£ţǾֻܿǲͣΪɽɷ¹Ͳпˡ
ͬʱ˳עǸţۣСӹȻ紫Եǰ㣬һ̫泤ȭȻĹؾأȴ˼鶯ĸоԽҶԽ̫泤ȭƺӦ׷仯ȭľҪ
Īλһţ
Ҳòִ½ۣҶҲܶһ䣺Ǹţ㲻ˡƻʱɽЩŵδȣҲƵǵˮƽǹţŻǴģʱ֪ϾֻʵսǼһϰߵѳ´ϲಫ
ȥֿʼĵ׽ĹҶԽָֻЩףܹܲܲԺԼҪͻƵʱ͵Žָˢ书ɣԼŬһЩա
Ǿ룬Ȼ˼ǲǼо׽ʱ֮ʱȻٻһڹ
ȥôʱˣ
Ȿ칦Ҷ棬Ҳû뵽ڹȻʱð
ⱾųƵʱµһֵռѧһӶһصɴڶ˿񹦶֪Ȼ֪Ȼ׹򾿾Ǹʲôص㶼ٰ²û׼
ҶĵⱾؼż齫ᷭǴ˿һһЩϸ˽⡣Ǿ֣ǱԹֻǴһա
칦ô֣Ȼԭ򣬿˽ܣҶ칦ǿʲôطҲ̬ʲôطˡ
񹦣һҪĵط㳬ߣϼ񹦲֪˶ٸϼֻҪڹſϰ칦̬Ҫϰ߱һھܵһżͽ°ٷ֮ʮŵϰ߸⡣
֮ų֮ǰЩϢҲ̥ʱſܴڵϢһؿһ֮ɢ˾մȾΪ֮
ܹϰڴһ˿δɢܹϰȻҲǱ߲һΣͨѭӶ֮ٻΪ죬ôҲ񹦡һ׼Ǳ֮ͯڵľתΪ
ѹû񹦴ԼȺʼտ粻ȥǵͽܣ书û̸ͯܲͨһƣԭ
˵һҪҶԴﲻԽʱڿɲʲô֮ڵڶÿϼɣڵҲ֮ǿ˴˹Ҫ
⣬칦ǿڴ˹ԴͨζΪ߳ɾͣԴͨأﵽ֮Ϊ˹ɵı׼
һ칦Ҫ̬ҲȷǿĿֲѹԭܲͨ˵ʦֻţĸֲϴôʱ䡣Ϊ칦ǿĸǳǸʱڵѧˡ
ҲԴӴ˵óۣҲû칦Ƶ֮Ź֮鷳Ҳɼһߡ
˴˽⣬Ҷ·ǰ棬˿ŵĲ֡񹦵ŲֵϼɵĲЩ֮ͨ
߯˰ɣ
һ㣬ҶĲΪϼ񹦸еȻŹųҲ޲ɣϾҲܹͨصĹ򣬿ǺµһֶûȫɵĹһȣԾͲһ硣
ֻǣһȴҶĴ棬ûкʵĹԼ͵õ칦ֻҪԼ칦ɣôҲԿһˣȻֻżһϸĽܱ̿ԼϹĥǿ
˼ˣ̹ȫ칦Ųһһϰ
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Ҷĸոս˸ɾֻʣһʱ칦ʡЩ鷳£ȴһ˿תΪҶĿʼؼһһԴΪָһ
ʱˣҶĳʱйʱŵŹʹһ䵭Ƭ̺ạ̊́ͬʱְ׹⣬칦ﵽСɾס
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Ҷ뵽˴¿ģֻһȴ֪ʲôԭ칦γɵİ̾ȻȾ˵ϵɫת˼תϰ׹ȥȴ״ͬʱƵİֳ
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123 
ۣΧûɢȥĵҶеͷԡҪ˵Լϼ񹦣һǹص㣬Ҳû⣬ô칦ƺɫûʲôϵôԼϻŵ
Īڵ
鷳ɾʹˣܲҪϼȻ칦ɣôƾʲô칦ǿһûʣˣܲȫķͷ
ƣ
һʱͷҶĲͣķⱾؼһһһֵĿһ飬´ʲôؼĵط
һΣǽ칦һЩԳ׵˸ͬʱнŹһЩ򵥵ĸ
ȣϰ˹ߣҪﵽ¼еһ
츳ڴʦڹûɱϰ񹦣ؼҲСɽ׶ΰˣҲǹͨζɺĽ׶βûɣؽûͨ
εѡ֮ͯϰĻͱһ֧ţҲǼͨصľ磬Ȼ칦ĹھΪ˳ƳأȻ̽һ˿ոɵܼ칦
Ȼ鷳ܹǿϰҪҲǵڶ͵ģһ˿֮һ㶼Դ˷ϰ칦
˷ûʲôӣȴм̲ġȣܲͨ书δ֮ǰͯйͬʱʱҲûͻصľ磬û˹ͯһƣֻҲ޷ϰ˹Ըûд
һѾͻأһɺתΪ죬Ҳǿﵽ칦ҪҲ
һƴʦȻͯҲûʲô֮ȴΪΪ㹻ɿϰ˹ʵܲͨҲﵽ˾磬κεʱûѧںһھӺûдһѧǾͲö֪ˣϾԭﲢû
ЩҶڵһιۿ֮ʱֻиӡ󣬲û⡣⼸Լ˵һû⣬ѡ񶼷Ծֱӿû̫ࡣ
ŷڼϸڡ칦ϰ֮ʱܽŮɫ򲻵ôɡ
ȥôҲһͯӹ
ֻϸ룬һϰ˹ʱѾңܲͨûҲ˵Ҷ֪λµһƾŮʾþǲӾ칦ˡ
ؼԣ칦ŮɫٴմȾҲԴﵽĴ֮Ϊ˹֮ǾȫһմȾʵﵽ󾳽磬Ҳ֪˶١
ҺõǣؼҲû˵ֻ̫Եȵ֮һ壬ҲմʱŮӽ޺档һ쾢ŮӴ
˼ɴ˹󲻾ͳϺõ¯
Щ⻹ǵȵɺ̸Ϊççײײ˴˹ҶҪͯеˡ
ɼ㿴ô࣬ûѰԼ칦ĸԴֻܴһЩ֦ĩѰҴ𰸡
칦ǿѰֻҪõȬΣȻ칦ϼ񹦸ǿŻһ˵ķţȴҶҪĶ
칦˵ķ书ƽ͡ݲһȴǱʾ칦ھƽ֮򣬵˲²칦յھྶͥ
ϸһ룬ôƺźϺԭһƾ칦˵ڣһյĹ֮ܣƺУȴھͬԴһھǹƣǾʲô
ǾݲȴҶĲһЩԾ
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칦֮ʱȻʹ׹ȼֱҶĿɿڴһ룬ŹͬţʮʱںϷڳ֮С
ˣҶĻģǵ칦ںϼԺ󣬻᲻Ϊԭ½
칦Ȼ˵ҪôһմȾϼ㾫𣿡
ȴҶĶʱܹ˼ĳģֻԴǵĽ칦ؼպãȻ׼ҸµĹǿʱӦþиˡ
գҶϰ칦Ȼ࣬ҲֻܼôȥϼѾںϣ뵥ʹǲܣһʹȻȻľͰ칦·ˡ
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ȻʱҶԣѩƳͥԺеʯʲôģ˾䣺ʦַã
仰ҶĺǾȣѩýУȻڷԲ£ҶĿѩС˵ںãȻֽƱ¡
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ôһΣѾҪˣֻǲѩôͻȻӦǰһξһ꣡
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뵽Щ뵽ԼѾʮٲȻһϹ꣬ǸûҪˡ
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ҶпԼ֪Ҳ֪ѩͷЩżЩʱѩֱӾͻֺǺǵӦ¡Լոѧǹƨ칦޷ɻ飬Լʼ޷ɣѲɽʦһӻѣ
뵽Ҷİ죬Ҳһоˮɬĵ˾䣺ʦãʦЩոһŹ򡭡ȴһͯӹɣǲܡǸʲôġ
ѩֵ̧ͷǴĴգ£Ƶ˾䣺ʦ˵ʲô


124 
ѩǲĴ˫ĿҶķԼȻ֪ôˡ
ʵҲѩЩ鲻ˣΪҶĺѩҽ̵֪ʶľһϹȻ˵ϹЩҲܽλȥ̵ԼŮͽЩ֪ʶɣ
ǵʱɽﻹиĴԽһЩĶѩᱻλһСӡ
ǹϵǴl֪ʶǿɾȫˣȻ֮˶ٶᶮһЩص֪ʶκɽǰѧʵ̫ҪӴ̫֪ʶͿѧϰѩ鶼ȫ
ڴʦУҲǳ˷ҵˣȻʲô鶼ҪԼɷģסһȵȡġһϲͨ
ʦóɻ飬ʦȴܡǸ
ĸ
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ƺһ͹˺üڣҶĽžƾ˵˾䣺޷״£
ѩһȡһԵӡ
Ҷĳûˣֵ˾䣺з
ҡͷ
ӡ
ӲǴ汧𣿡

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ϧδͨأҶֻüŬУȡսشͨ޵ɡ
֪ǺȪȪ۵ĵطܲܿˣ
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뵽ǡôʱɽˣҶҵԼƽʱλãȻԾˮС
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ָȴָϺſʼָΧ̬ȴ޷ȥ൱һѶذãһȴľ
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ҴҪ潣һ㣬ҲҪǿϲ٣һϣһ˿»ͬԺüΧŹĴƫԷֻһˣ־޴ķҲ㹻Ѫˡ
ɮһʹһ·ƺҲǲܹÿ˶˹̶·ˣ˶ԡ˹Ȼβ룬ᱻ˸ƣһʹǿᡣ
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˵Ӧȵһ·ɱǿֻĻ漰вһҪͬʱָϵ⡣
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Ϊһ飬Ҷڵ칦ʼͣǲͣתҶĲͣԼϰ׽תɽķΪͼԺ󷽱㣬ȻִĴָʼȻ֧ϵоͨͨûзŹľҲһһϰһͨ
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׽һͻȻһǿ٣֮ɱҪǿ򼴱ܽ䵽ɿ⣬ȴֻһֱӶһڵĸоֹ򴴳Ҳá
⼸ҪҶĶŹҪ뵽ʱͣ任תʱҶһĶǽɭɭȻı˽͸ǺȪȪˮ˳ʱҶѲȪˮнݣȴһֻ֪ǱĿ
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ղֻһ£ҶѾȫ֣Լڵ˲࣬Ƕϼ£Լ̾͵ѻ赹ڵء
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ʦִһŹ򣿡һ񣬼Ҷĵͷ˵˾䣺ʦֿɷʾһ
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ҶĵͷӦǣȻԼϷʱһ书֮ѿڱ


125 Ǵ£
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ѩǴߣԼǰ̣ߵܳȥˡ
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ÿÿ˾䣬ѩͻ᲻ԾǸ͵Լ͸ʦҵŮӣĪʦŮʲôǣ
ÿռ˼ţڹʱںصУǺغоЧһڹͻ߻ħ
գѩԼȻʦֶ£˼ûʲô仯ԭΣ»Ρ
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ѩһףһʱ侹Ȼ֪Ӧ˵ȴһվУҵҶ˵˵ȥôô۸㣿ŮҺ۸𣿡
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Ҷ΢һ룬漴˹ѾͷںԼèèѾͷԭְҵֱ²ϡ棬ֻ뵽ԼȻʹΪˬɵץѲְ֮ˡȻһϸĹڱǻôҲûң
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⻰һںŲֹ˵Ļͺһ䣺˵˭Сආˡ


126 
붬գũǶ˸ԵӣȻʣµȥЩǮ˳һЩȽϴֲڵʳЩȻȲԼֳЩЩȴһ˳Աڹ˶
ȻҲصһС֣ʱԣϸͰ涼ףйȥһý͡
꣬ЩũҪӺùһЩָֻɽɵЩũ
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Щũɽ֮󶼻˵ƵĻΪҶĲԼӣͬʱõӰҵĲ鿴ļҵãɽԸһЩǮֻһҪ΢һ㡣
ɼȱˣҪҲҪһ㣬ôһ㣬ЩũֿˣһĳҶǸˡ
ҶǸôȻԼǸӯĻˣƺҲе롣ʱЩɭΪʲô뽵͵ũӵʱҶֻ˵һ䣺Ҫĸɻиǰܹȥ
ũߣֻҪÿһٱȻһ˶ܹȥѾ㹻ˡ
̫ݣ涼ôΪɻֵأǾͷⲻҲࡪŬֵزŬֵضԲỵ̈ôͻ˲ԸԸͺ˵뷨
ӰĻΪɽɡԣҶĸɴƴũ׼һϵеķʩṩũߣͼũţֻҪЩһĸֵؾͺáֳʳԽ࣬ɽɹĲܸá
ֻǣôһʱɽɵҪ٣ɭĵҲ޵ȻɽڲҵԽԽ࣬ɵĹģҲˣɽϵĲ԰ǿṩ߲ˣҲṩһЩ֮ȴҪ⹺򡪡֮˲ⲻУҶĹ涨ͨӣÿյķҲʳ
ԣȻˣҲܴ󣬵ÿһҵҽѾˣɽһֱֻһҽݣ滹ֻһУѰвԼԸһ¾͹ȥˡҶĿҽݣǿǻ𱬵Ĳ񻰡ǵͷвûĶƣѳһҸ˸Ǻ
ⲻǰ𱬣ĸȴִ֥㹻ɽʲôͷȵĶҳһңϳһϴô꣬ҽȷף˰º󣬱һι˿ڿഫ֥Ѿɽҽˡ
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ҶĲ⣬Ϊɽػ̫СֲʲôͨҪֻȥƫԶı߾ѰƤݻ߸߾פͻ˻Ӵ˹ɽҲûʲôر˿
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һҲæĲУ⼸±úϢһ󣬵ȵȥɽؿֵٲҪصܣ
ɭæ֣ǵӦģ
Ҷĵͷͷ֧ЩǮúù꣡ʱҲ㲻õˣȥʦָһĹʱҲãǺúЪϢһЩҲãġֻҪǵùʱ극Ϳԣ
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ţȥʦú򣡡
ҶĲ֪ɭԼѾе˾裬߻Ѱ˼ǽֵ꿪ɽأɭ϶ҪǱߣ֮رɽصĲҵû˹ˡ
ЩҵڲԶڳʲô¶ˣֻҪǰȥҶ룬ǲӦðųȥˣ
ʮһɽʮȥˣȻӽˣһԼͬһ·ǰЩռһȫķѾûʮ㣬ǴСΧɽʱ˶֣ʵս飬֮Ҳ֪ˡ
ٽܶҲƽʱʱȥһ۱ǣ
˼ƽϣҶȴ˭Ҳûߣ黹ǵȵʱ̸ϺáȻԱȽϳȣǱϾһӣǷѵ͡ڸҲû˼ˡ
գҶֽƽ˹ûԴʲôֻдԽЩ뵽һЩ˾ʹľϣϰӦЩ棬Ի˵
ƽԼ书ʼԾʦ̵Ļֻһ󣬱ҶԹȻԼǿÿزܾͨҶʩһԼȥЩˡ
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ӣǰԼµ·ϰԼʲôӹҲʲôպҲѲΪĴ򷨡ֻûԼҪɾͻҪʱ
Ҳ˴µĽ̵ʽȻȫķԺķչƻȥϰʦõС๦û취ܹϰʺŮӵģҲС๦ˡ
С๦ؼɣʹҲӲӲĹΪŮӣһȴǲòǡ
ʽϵǲȥ̫࣬Ʈѩơơ𽣡Ѿ㹻ʹãƽ뱸ͬʱ˫ɱԼأܵбееӦоУԺߵʲô̶ȫҶĵǰﲻ̫ࡣ
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ͺһľͰһ볤һ̣ǵ˫һЦ̸ʵǲֽЩ̵ӡڿ֭Ѱ˼ЩĶʱʱͽܳϵĵӡֽж
Ҳ֪Լ˼̫ػΣһ붬ٻҶٻһѪؼؼеĵȻԭаʹȴʶáϵޱȣǿǵԼԲֱͨӽ׵ƽ
£ֻʱʱóһЩҪƽҪǵЩҪܹͨõģŷĴڡ
ÿѪĳƺྫҶļҲǴ棬õѪ˾֮̾Ϊֹн˲٣˲ѧ֪ʶ
ԭУָСùǱȻվܹϰڹ˾Уȴʹñ
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ȻҲҪһ㣬ǿûпɽŵĵӣһȴǲ˵֪ˡ
Ĵȴʮһһտʼܱȵö죬ҶҲֻ֪δ˸µ˽֪ܵ
ȣͷβҶĶԹۿȻûǼ˵ĵӲμӣ⼸λɽɱߵļλȴǿء
ͬʱ״ӶһţαȶҲԲһȻЩ˵ĹԼ˶սԼΪҲģҶһ仰ȫȥû˵ȱϯ
ѾͷҲ˸λãֱӾԱǲʲôãֻԼɽĹһԴͣʱʱָĳӶ͵Ǹ˿׳ʵҲ
ÿԶǿЦãֻһ䣺κ͹ߵûʲôϵ
رתɽƺвٺùڣЩŵӶѧһײڹķⶮڹ󣬴ϵȷжϹߵˡڼҹӹ򣬶ĶҪ󣬶һӸֽصסеһ۾ܴϿ
һƼеľ㶵ĹţʱСվȺҲǶͣʱʱҶ͵һۡûԼǴĴڡ
һЩ˻ѯʣ˭Ϲţˣǲڰ׸һôΪ˼ٴʱԼ˶л󣬴˴δҶֱ˸̭ƣÿȥֽȻֽȥѰԼĳ뼸űԡ
Եǩǰ˻ѯһ֮ٲûѽȻˣϣҵһֲô۹Ӯˣȥ㾹Ȼţˬˣٺ٣֮Ļ
Ҷһȴû˵ֻ°ûЩһ֣ĳסҪһŵˡ
ֻѾŸϣȴûֱӿֱӶԸȵƽԸһ䣺ʼɣ
ƽ˴ΪмලÿһԣҪʱҪȥ˷ֿ˴ղסȭţɸ֮ġ⣬һɽϵѧͽҲվһߣһֶŽҩһűʱ׼ϳȡֻҪһסҶľܽ˸ȻҲЩӹ΢޷̫صˡ
ƽ̤ȦΪ̨һʯƽϡı߽Ϊɵʯأǵɽ޽ʱ͹滮õģϰĹ㳡ϡڵһͻѡٲȻɽɵһ̨
˷ȣҲڴˣƽȥֻ˵䣬Ȼֱȿʼ
һ㶼û˵츳ƽôֱ⣬Ҷһ䡣ȴԱߵѩ˼Ƶʵʦ˵ʲô
ԴӱغһԾеԼʦ֮ҶĴʱѩһЦ˵Ҳϸģû£ֻǽδȣʦÿɳûûĵӣҲսУ
ѩֻһ£Ϊ⡣ֻԺҶģνղ״ˣҶĵĵӱĵӣһĽ̵ҲˣѰӵ˼
˵ţѾʤҶһֱעųУƼʹĵһɽֱӽʹӵĳ֣Ȼ󽫵һᣬ˵˾䣺ãȴֱ϶ԼӮˡ
ʵҲ࣬ʹĵӱûˣѵһ˫ƺƴֻñȭȻɥȥ
һصʹԵãͷȥϤѸ̸
ȻóӲܳҲ֪ģҡͷ̾ͣҲѰͽ̵ܽһʱ״ĵ˾䣺ˮƽûϷˣ
뵽ˣĿͻȻתһվŵĽԣλȻ˸ƣƽ˺ʲôһ㣬֪ЩʱҶϰ鷨˽չʱЩҲĵĺܡϳϴ᲻ʣɴԼ
ƼȻĽе󣬵ȴǲҪµͽܣ
Ѱ˼ţԱ߻һߴߴ˵ע˹ȥתͷһԭȴǹţϳˡ
ţ׼


127 ʲô
ڹţͲû̫⣬ѩҲֻƳһ£ΨһעⳡȶıֻлغҶġ
Ϊɽģ̫ãʵǶˡպ𣺡ôݽɽɵģ˴𣺡ˣԲINGġҲǣ
ϣţܹһЩ˵ܹøһʲôģֻ󴳹һ֣Ҳܹȥλεˡ
ҶȴܾСȻľګȴ˼ӣΪΪͨҲ򲻼õģȴԻɾ͡Ϊһһ⣬ﷴûôƣһʼȴΪջ£ɾԶһˡ
Ѱ˼ţ᲻ԼϲͼţĶаֱӾһǹţ״󾪣ֻ֮¾Ȼ˳һȻһһǳȴô۵¿˹ȥ
һ´ϣΪɽȻûЩŵʲô֮ʱתŲĹ򼸺ÿ书еݣٻŹ¿Žȥɽɵ书һ׶ûС
ԭһʵ̫Ѱ˸˼ʹϾϰ֮˭ʹ¿ĸ֣
ţʵҲļ֮óģֻ˼ӣȴûжඪˣֻܹһáΧսĵһ֮ǺȻЦҲ⡣
ֻţԴĵЦŵ˾䣺ʦһʹĻǳţʹֶȴţȻٺһЦôֻͻȻ뵽УʦܼЦˣ
ɽɵŵӴͬʱţԺѷ˭ʦ˭ʦܣ˳ȺرԵģƽԹûʦֵܵ
ţȻ磬ȴҲǺʮ£Առʦֵšֻĵϰ˱ԺõĲںĸľùţʦʵ
ţʶԳʦҲͲΣκιţͨʣﶮôƣ˵һʦ֣̹Ȼ֮âһĵ˾䣺֪ôĴţ֪
廢ŵһʹ׺ݣȻкУ㲻ֶϽҲⲻϰµġ
ҶļʹһкޱȣּƽԼǸƽһɫøԤͬʱעţܶ
ЩȻȫ̫泤ȭеļƣһһ㶼ǹ˿ûа仯ҶԳԼҲ޷̫泤ȭʹԭ֭ԭζο˽֣
ţȻƾ⼫Ϊԭ֭ԭζ̫泤ȭмܶԷ廢ŵӦ˶Էĵ֮󣬾Ȼ
ʦСģʦֳ
Ͼ֮һѽΧĪɫ䣬Щ˶֪廢ŵô׺ݣԼܹǿмܱѾǼޣĻܳ˵
ҪǣţȻѶԷԼҪˡ
ĪǸ׳գ
ţһѣȴŻ˶λʹӼԼκβţ˵һԼҪˣ¾ʲôƵأϵҲһңһͣȴٳ
ţУͻȻԼʦܾȻзң֪ԣһԾȻವһԷַΧȻ˵˾䣺ʦôֽţҵһ£ټȹ

һ¸ҪΧڵ޲۷׷ףֻһ䣺Ȼͷţ
һҲסˣŽŴǰ׳𣿸ղзˣֱӰſ²ˣôϻ
ţȴ⣬ͷʵǱôȻҪĴУ
һСǵͨ죬޲ȥǹţţ˼վ̨УԼȥʵڲ񻰡ؼҶľһţ˼οʵڲˡ
Ϲţǻ˵ȷʵһʱ֮Ҳ˵ʲôĻ
ôһ󣬰ʹѾ侲֮ģԹţлʦǫãαʦȳУ
ɽյԣһЩһɽͷĻ̾ͻᱻӳɽţֻһЩǫĲŵ԰ɵС
ڵȻԱУȴûĳС˵еһҳһšǰƲţΪ˹԰£ʲô̫˼ֻҪ赼ɡҲҶûֱӳⳡԵԭ򣬱ΪȻֺΪ⵶˲ŻϳмܹҪɼлЩִ硣ֻһԲԹۡ
侲ùţͨѾԼ˷ǫãмֲţ˼
ţҲֱˬ֮ˣҲûǫãֻǵ˵ͷˣʦСģ
Ҳһ̧˵˾䣺ʦִͽ̣
ԲĳڵıԽգٲǺֳΧƺҲһҲٴֻǾų˴򶷣ʴҲⲻ˺һá
ˣһгһ⣬һν˶һһۣȭмҲһɼȴÿÿʹǡôƾ㽫Ҳκá
˶ʮУйţ׼ᣬһȭؿڣֻš顯һʹſվ˼ųţȭлʦָ㣡Ȼų̨
ţȥˣʶԼȻӮˣԼɵһȻǱߵĻ˵˾䣺Ӯ˰
ط˸ۣ˵˾䣺ԭ
ţҲ⣬ֻЦͬȻӵȴޱͨﲻ̵£ʦƽʱҲֻ֪ǲ˼ƽϰˡԼһ׹ûϰãЩʦܶʼѧϰڶ׹ˣԼĴû˼˼ƽϡ
ɴȣȻӮһƽʱƲԼʦܣβϲһˣվ̨أֲ룬ԼǸϹҲ֪Сַˡ
ƽ˵˾䣺ȥ˵űأ
ţŻع˼Բ𣡡ŵ̨ΧôС
ƵʱҶȻ˶ƣתͷ͵ţΣ
ʹʱҲѾ³Ҷ˵ʲô˵ͷӴӣǲҿܽһ̫泤ȭõ㴿տ书Բֻ㴾֮ˣȴʦ·ֻʦԽ̵ˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷû˵ˣıȶעţı֣Ȼһ̫泤ȭʹһһۣƫǡô֮ÿÿȷʱʹʵӦԡ
ȭȭֻΪõ˲ͬˣҲǲͬ
Ҷۼ֤仰ȷԣ͹ţӣʺѧЩֱֱȥȴǿĹȥţǹмƣҪ书ǿԲολ
ѵҪŪһ׽ʮƣһذ
ͬʱ޼ţţһռǵĹ⣬ֻӺ޼ŴȫȻûʲô֮ͬ
ҡ޼ɵľ񹦻ǬŲҲᰡ
⣬ҶץץͷԼֱֱȥĹֻôһվѧײܴˣҪҲȴ˵ˣ봫ţڵĹҲѧˡ
ͷϵĹţȴ֪ΪԺν̵ȵһһʽһһ
򵽺ڵӶеһЩƣۣţˬʮ㣬ÿȭʮԵ֮мܣֻôһĸ죬ⲻ˱ţ׼ᣬһȭؿڡ
˼Ǻ͹ţԴ˶ǱһȭؿܣڵֻλʦǹΪ֮޲Ȼ
˲֪ҶȴףȭֱؿȻ̫泤ȭ򵥵һУȴҲһСһȭľһȭһǰʮҲҪʹʮɡҶԼ˼ӣʹеľ
ţѧȭ֮ʱѧıһУڵҲһУϤĻһСһʵãܵеʱԴлжԷؿڡؿҲǹ֮ʱûԵĵطôǶԵУҲֱȡš
Ҷ֪йؼȴûҪ˽˵ɽɵĵһεӴȣ˹ţһ˳ͷ̨
ֻţȥһһ۵ʾ̫泤ȭȴһȭһĽź̵ָȻһ·ͨ˵һ
˸ȥ̫ײ˰ɣ
ȻڵӲ֪˵ȴ﷢Ƶźţ˶ƲĴţȻɽŵеĵһ֡ܶûвμӣΪִ£Ѿӣűƽ൱
һֱȽĵڶ죬ȻвٵأԲţֻԼһ˼Ρ
֪εʲô
ʲô
εͷţȻ˱ŵһеĵһˣ
˯β˰ɣǿɲΣ
һû˯ѡ
ֻЩţѾˣһͱҶ˹ȥ˼ӵĹţ֪ҶĻν£ֻҪֵŵԣֺùѡ
һֻԼܷѧЩˣȻԼŵһȴɲԼδֻλʦܵĹûңϾԼֻƽƽ̫泤ȭѣֻԼһ·ܹõһΪѡ
ǵڵһ֮ʱҶġ͡ѩɽɳѾͷһüŪ⣬ֻһĪۻء
ǵûذһ䣺׳գڴ򰵺Űк£Ҫסκ۾գ޷ùţףҲͷˡ
ҶĶŲ豭ŵһҲ֪ǸΪԼ˻ƣǺõӣֻ̺ȴΪԼͽܵ
ǹڰ˽߹Ϊʦʼľͷһ飬áǺȴ֤ǹʲУʵǽ߹ֵˮƽ̫ǽͽܵˮƽǲһˮƽ
£Ҷȴһ¡ѾѩãţţҪĻȴܽаţС
ݹţԣţСֻǺΪԵûԼӣΪʦҲʸ
ţԸΪʦ
ţԣ̵ֻǵ̫Ʋϡ
һһڲЩǺѩҲҡͷֹ
ҶȴЦŵıŲںֻԸ⻹ǲԸ⣿
ţǵȴɵʱȻ͵ͷȻԸģ
Ҷĵͷʦ
ţԣ̹ߵͷǶѸޱȣض̾Ϊֹʱûɵ
Ա˱˲ˮţӹȻҶģҶǳһڣʦˡֻв鷳Ҷֻ˾䣺ԺȥݹλʦʽΪɽɵڰ˴ˣ
Ȼ۹ţ㣬
Ȼģţ𣬵ھӴүԼ˵ݸʦҲǿʦġ̱˵˾䣺ͷʦһ
̽תҶϣȴҶһ״˾䣺Ϊʦ»мֻ֣ǲ֪ϲһ
ţԣֻεҶģԱͺ˾䣺Щ֣
ҶһᣬһˬᣬӲסЦȻ˺ü֣ʢᡢ޼ɡǡХ졢ǡ¸٣


128 
һ˵˻ҶĶȴЦˣֻȴҪڳһһӣʵܵĽ
ÿ󼸾仰ΧҶ治һܹס
ʦЩ֣Ƕܲǵ¸һԢǲ
òѹȥЦֱҶҲ˼ҪţԼÿκ뵽ǸԲԲļһʵܣܲܺһ־ʹЦһɣ
־ˣͻȻиŵ˾ͽ

ͱϸʣת룬ǲʶҲͰˣȻʶûǵȷЩŤҲֹס˻ͷ̸֡
ЩһһһҶĲ֪Լ˵Щ־ȻЩԢ⣬һҲܳһ˼ˣҶĶСͻ˵Ļƽ׶˼־⣺õ֣ȴúѧƫҪȥѧģԲôֱ׵Ĵʻ㶼ýͰʲôֵƹġ
ҶĵԹȫԴԼѧʱΪ˸ǸԶΪ˶ԸǸĿյıȥʱԼȻһԺΪʱѵ˼ȫù
˼ԶˣϽջأۣѡѡȥһ֡͵Ľƽ֮⣬й֪˼ʵͽĹţǺʵĽ
ȴ֪Ҷİ죬аһⰡȻ԰ţ˾䣺Ϊʦֱ⾸֣Ժͽйǰţ֮ƽʱĪҪˣ
ţڽйԴϲߵͷлֻĩȴһʵ˾䣺ʦĸ
С䳤󣬼ƶû飬ʶһƱĹɽɣǸŽķѧһЩҲʶޣʦԼ˴»ϲȴֺơԼд
Ҷ㶣йؼֽʣֽϴһ֣ݸȥúϵԺĪҪԼֶдףƽЦɽɲͽܡ
лʦ񣬹ӹֺȥʰ졣Ժ㲻ҪסŵӵķˣðŵӵķᵱУԵλ֮ͬ⣬ҲԾͽʦ̻塣
һĽ̻Ҷȴѡ
ĵһое֣ȻɫԵ˼ӣɵ๦ȴԾɱ仯ȡʤʺ㡣Ϊʦֻһ򵥵Ĺ㣬ϰĺˣԴ˴һͷȴҲѡ
Ҷ˵գһԵʹ˸ɫոʦ֣СͽܵļһֺǺǵĽϱŵĴһȻЦŶԹСʦܰʦؽǴʦǵģЩӶҰԺȴҪˣ
ʦ֮ĻСĽӹֻؽһ֣;⽣ޱȣͲ׵ıҲھõס
ȻӣȴԽΪأΪʦ֮ʱżؽýһķӡϰʱؽԴԶڹд棡ԺѰʱ㱳ؽУɳѰ࣡
Ҳûֻ̫࣬ⶫȻôôЦллʦ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ֮⣬Ϊʦؽʹһؽ˽Ѱྶͥ仯ΪʽΪ򵥣ֱֱȥ׾ɡѹˡһʮᣡҹ˽Ǻʲұ㽫⽣㣬պؽҲ͹ˣ
ʵؽʹ˽У˵˵ȥǴ̡ɨҼơѾνǵǿزȻΪǳȴˣؽļʮҲ
ҶļɲͣĿԼŵؽҶֱóʦϣǽղԵģȽӦؽķ˵Žй˫ƽǰͬʱסؽؽƽƽţ׼֣Ҳ׹ֺ
һʱ
ǣʦ
Ϊ˴Һʦ㲻ۿ۵ȥҶӶֻǽںƺ󣬾ֱȥĽдȥˡ
˵ΪĽԳҶĵѧʦܻʦͷ˺һ˵ͽܵĻĽԵĵȷȷĸš˵Ľͽܣλϰġ
ľȻĽûѧʲô򣬵ǱϾʦ̷ҶģҶĺѲԼ״ӡѧҲѧ
ڹСֻܽСʦܾͺãʱûʲô鷳ҶĿǵȹЩʱգĽ鷨ϰгɣٺúÿ˼ɽǽȥǣԼΪʦҲǽ䵱˿ɴɽҲˡ
ĽԵѧʣǰЩ˵Լ򲻹ʱֻΪ쾭壬ΪҶɽɹõˣĽѧûãҶԻҲôĽ
µ֪һţȻֻѧһ״ǳ̫泤ȭսȴǱŵһĪ˵ĽˣôӾûһܴġȰʦŵĶʮˣҲмμյĴȣɺıһȭͷ̨
ôĻϸĽڹ³˶òź½ۡ
Ƭ̺󡭡
ʲôһУҶ죬ԼʲôҲ˵ֻ𾪵Լ֪ѧǸͽܵļһ
ĽҲɫĵ˵ͷϾһоͱʵ̫ˣҲѹһֱûյ뷨¹˴ȵһҲ뷨ı䡣
ѧʱʦ֣ɽ磬ƺʦ֣ɹΪʦ¸磬Ҳʦ֣֮˻ǫõ³ƺҵĺܣ˼ΣÿζʦһȭϣҲȻ޷ٱˡ
˵⻰ʱĽҲе㲻˼˵ʱедļҲŤ˵Ĳ
ģ
ǳһ䣬ҶҲ֪˵ʲôˣĽһжӲסûʲô֣Ҫѧ书Ҳûʲôѧġ̫󣬾ͣڹһⱲҲûʲôϣ̫߳ɾˡʲôʲôرĹ׽壬Դɡ
׽ϴ辭о澭׽͹ƪƹЧϧ⼸׹һûõеļֻȫķʲڼﵽ൱̶ȡļһҪ̣ʲϰǿӺĪΪã
Ľԣѧʱר֣ʱȻûʲôϡ棬ȴѾȵ󻭵Ĺǿ˲֪١ĽԼԣʫڣѾС
ֻӾȻаԵȻѧ˱Ҫѧãòװݵ鷨ңֻǿѧ˸ȥҲʦˡҶһҲô£Ҳͼȥ
鷨һһ֮Ժ㣬νĸ˷ڳĽ鷨ȻɾǳΪҵĵ·ңԶĺܡֻдƯֻҪһЩ壬ġһȴҲѴﵽ
ҶΪⳭд˼أȻԼдװõᵱĽԣдġһҶָܹĵطʵѾֻ࣬żдˣʲôͨĵطҶдĳЩֵʱΪλЧҶ˱ʹġ
ϸһҲҪһӵʱ䣬ҲûʲôˣֻһԺȲ衣
ǰĽһͬд֣յддȥҲķҶͻȻþδˣɽˮʲôҲΪǲ
뵽ɽԴǮƷӰ˵Ķñ˲֪٣Ȳᣬ鷨õֽűīɽϾܶһֿ⡣ˮʣһӦȫֻ벻ûҲ
Ҷר̵ĽԵǼ鷿˶ѻ˴飬Ҳ걸ЩʱҲҪˣֻǻӹｫһӦȡɡ
ҶͻȻЩææȥȵʱѾһ䣬ӦÿǿԼʦ֮ˡ
뵽ѩҶľΪԼʦûһǻĺÿ͸ʦҲܲ俪һЦ
㵱ˣ
չҶʱ㻭𴦾ȻлŲʹʱ֧ڻһԵĽԱרд֣ͻȻԼʦˣϻʱڣʱȻлҲƲУֱĽԿĿɿڴаһʦ˵񼼣ѧһ㣡
Ҳ֪Ҷӣܽʹ㾳ȴȵʧʹô죬ǱдõҲᱻдĺ͸һѰ˸Ʋݡ
ԣĽԶҶܹ˱ȴֻĽƵľʴҪһʣ¾ԼʦֻӲס
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬;ȻʩʩȻűƼҶϻʷɣЦʦֿʼ˰
ĽԼʦһҪ˵ƣǶԳ쳣ص޷ΪԼ̬ǰųƲӵļһĲðڵ֪ԼʦҲǹ쳣
ƼżӣЦŰοһ䣺صģʦһ״̬Ѱ벻Ķģ㽫ǰĻߣ뾪
ĽԸֻ̾ԼʦѾ˺һľˡƣʦʿӣǽ͵Ϯĺû᣿
ҲٶֻͣߵҶԱߣĿҶǰǸ׵ĻϣһѾͣΪϤԼʦɣֻǸ̬ʾû
ڻŮӵһϮƮƮȹ侱ƮƮɵ߲ʶдҲδġҪǣŮӾȻδЬ࣬һ˫㻭·Ľһ˫Ž˻ֽһ㣬ǽְֱ̬ͣһ
ʦ㣿
ʱҶѾָ糣أǰüͷʲŻϱɲͣ⸱ֱһǳûаͣ٣Ǳʶ¾ͽԴĻֻ˳
ܹһӢŮͼȴ뾹Ȼ
ҿҲ񣡡ƣȻʦɣɫ̬װԼʦġȻЩʦ˲Ů̬ҲĴЩȹװȴûд輧ŴĻ
һҲͺǲ죺û뵽ʦҲһڰȻûָδ̬ȴײֻȴǻ϶࿴ۣʦʱԼһٿǺã
ҶҲͣΪҲû͡Ͳ֪ƲԼʲôôǻɣû뵽ԼǱʶ¾Ȼ˳Ҫǻ˫㻭ʦƼýԼж˿飿
ѵӻҶ°ͣŻǸƺ˷ȥӰ˰Ѱ˼˵ֱϲĵŹģ
ЩҲû𰸣ҶֽǻȻȡ˵ľֻ໭ֽһת˳
ͿҶľȻ㲻ϧõһֻۣ˾䣺ʦСĵ㣬úһ̫ϧˣ
Ҷȴںֻ˾䣺ϧʲôҪ˵ģ˵ҲѯʣƫǸ¯ӵĸ䣬¯ֽֽ˽ȥ
ƲʦûƲ⻭žǸ˸ɾ


129 ɢ
Żֽȼ磬Ҷı׼¯Ǹϣ뻹ûüʹʦõʦʲôأ
Ҷİһ䣺ʲôʲôת¯ǰһΪĵʦˣ
ųڣͼѩŲˮһЩ㣬֪Ҷ鷿̵Ľ鷨ЩˮʲôĹҶƽʱϲʱЩʳֻƽʱ͵ģҲ֪Ϊѩ
֪֪ѩҶĵ飬Ӧø˶ദĻᣬͲˮ飬ѩҲҶĸкøС
˶ϲźŮӣ
ѩ¶ĵͷȻ̾ͱ˹һר¯ӵ䣨ɽɵķһ䣬¯ӺͨڵĴԼһЩҶƳĹˮĺҲǴֲڰůȡůжһۡ
ȴΪһƣҶһ
ʦʲô
һѡ
ѩ֪ҶʱϲɽһЩҲҶֻɽˮ羰ͼ֮ĶԼҲһĪĶҶмĻĸȴټҶĽԼĻջ١
֣ͻ䣺ʲôҪյĲ𣿡ñôϡŹֵĶҶĶ᲻ûȥǹԼУһξȻյˣ
һţѩ̽ͷȥҶļ״ҲԵ飬ת󷽵ûʲôֻЩȴĲǺܺãҲˣ⻰˵İ٣֪֮ˣ⡣
ѩҶĴ󷽵ÿҲһӣǺ˼㵭ˡ˱ԽԽǺ棬󷽷ĸҲ뿴ˡ
ʱѩֻ¯һƳҲûϸϸȥֻһȴɫ΢죬ŹֵҶĺҲû˵ʲôתͳ䡣
ҶıһƵľҲ¯һǻֽѾ˴룬ǻȴɴ²ٲλƮƮĶд˫㶼ɼ˵Ѿ˸ɾûѩƼֻƾ⼸֣ҲΪҶĻһ輧ҲΪ˲Żǰ㿴
ܱȿȫòĺã
ȻᣬҲأ˺ʦ˵ԼоԺʱʱĻЩͼҲˡ
ٲþ˵ϲŮͼүҲϲûŮͼôҲ㲻֣
¸ԼҺ˽ڣҶı㽫¯ӷãִת˳ֻ벻ΪԼڣʱ͵ûӦһʱŮһʱʱҪһ
Ҷ·ݣֱӻһ׵Ůͼ͹ۺȻ̾ѣȴҲҶҪˡͼŮҶĻޱջһưʪһˣֻƾһ㣬ֻһͼƫҶĽ˻ĶׯɫϸԼһ˿࣬ˣջ
Ϳ˺ֻǵ˾䣺ʦǹİɣ
ҶĺߺҲشĵһ䣺Сϰؼʱ̣⻭ҿ㻹αס
ϧһֻ֪֮˾䣺⻭ϧʦ򲻸Ҫģ˵ƷһȥˣҲûǻһ
ҪҶԼţʦƼһʲôԼϲЩ̻糾Ůӣ˵壿
ˣίʵЩϧҶһ֮⸱ϼ֮ԼҲٻڶϾԻҪ翣ôײġ
ǡĽһ˽ұרŴʣֻѰëֶһǣֻһ˷صıʣһ
ĽԣҶһ份˹ĽԣɽѧҲЩʱˣҲû͹ʲô⸱Ϊʦջģеļˣ
ĽԱʦһԸšʱʱʹҶһĽĽǰȥȴһջ֮µŮͼпɫ
ԼһɽˮһЩʿ嶥ͼ뾹Ȼôһջޱȵͼã⻭óչʾ
κʦȴܲգֻÿպãСıܣͬʱ˾䣺лʦר֡
һ鷳ҶҲ֪ǲĽԵָΪģת۵ȶӽͣͬʱһЩй˾ķţĽдʱЩ
ʱдֲÿֻϤ֮д־һǣĽԼ״ϲȵǻʱ˲֪ٱ
ȴ֪ղһ̵ȴҶһ򣬶ĽʲǷ֣ȫ֮ˣ˼һʵĽԣɽҲа⾰ˣЩʱʽɽ£
ĽдĿģһ㵣ʵʦѧ״ӣӸмϰüּձ㣬࣡
ҶȴֻûɽУЩԵ˵ã
ĽҶҪ׼ȷ𰸣ЩŤĶ˵Ҳǰ˵ҿƣԼ˵룬ǰ˳ɾͻᱻɽսǽΪʽӣǿҪ׵еġֻǸѧͬ
ЩʱգҲɽס˺þãɽҲ˴ӡ󣬰˼ɽȻʲôµĴɣҲǽȻһ⽭ֲͳʦ״ڼ˿˽ܾȥ
ȥҶĴϣϴʱ͢ҲֹԱʦϰ䣬պ;Ӱ죬ԱпܣѧȻԸʦڣʦ̻壡ҶͱҪСϺü꣬һЩȴǲںоԴΪȣ鷨գҶĲ֪ǿ٣ʦ´ࡣ
ҶļԸɽɣҲǿģЦŵ˾䣺йʦ֮һαˣԺҰݹʦɽǽɽɵĹأסôӦҲ˽ˣұ㲻ٶԡֻ书һȴҪЩ๦ˣ
ĽԱðݽɽҲûʲôʱɽɶҲƽŵɣΪʦȴԲ¡
ֻԼ˰꣬ҲѧϰһЩϡƽֻԼûʲô츳һ硣
ʦϰ츳
Եܲ׾Ľϰֹ̫ѧϰڹ䣬ϱʱҲǸոյѰ˶ǲ磡ֻҪ֮Ժ㣬޷ܻɾ֮ͣ־ڴˣϰձ֮Ҳá
Ҷ룬ֵȻƽƽȴ˾ķԣʲҴ˾ַ̥ڱɵƵȹʹţѧȴɬɼ㻹ʣֻҪѰúʵĹڼ
ǵպӦѧʲô򣿡ĽҲ£ЩΡϾһȺԸȥһ𣬲ĽǲܵģÿÿųԼϵĵطݺȥ¶Щᣬֻ˴߶һ䣺鲻ôǵ赶Ūġ
Ҷĳ£󿴵ĽǸʣĽڹԾԶʽȡʤ
ĽԵͷǵԺô
ҶЦЦĳһ䣺㻹Ǽд֣ϰ鷨Ƚ˵ǵдʱҽ˾ţǶϰҲǴģ
ȻûеõһĴ𰸣Ľܹ黹иŬķԺԵȹЩʱգ鷨Сȥѯʡ
ʵҶҲֻиŵ뷨ӦýĽָὣκĽڹ㣬ָὣͲܡ
⣬ĽרʹйٱʣйٱעعѨһйٱʹҲһ״ѨָûУҪȻָŪһйٱʵĹ
ֿǹŪűиĽϰƵķűеĹҪȽѵõҵ񽭺ʹűеɾȻһûУǼɲʹõ߸ɴǿֹ
ĽȥݹʦĽΪʽӺҶĽһ䣺ΪʦھеġպĪ뾸ҳƺˣĽԹӦǣҶ̸˼ȥϢ
ĽԶҶеһ֮˿ϵָƳһ䣬һֱ㱻˵ϡ
де㲻ʱˣ
ʮ֣Ҷ뻹ǲʱˣοŹ༼ɷȫ֪ҪƾŶʮĸֽ临ԭʵй鷳
Ҫʮĸ̫УҶĽ⹦ĵˣĽóȥ˴򶷣˿ʮĸԭͺֵνͣ
ܲܽҿɣ鷳Ҷֻӵͷ˳㽫Щ־ĨȥˣѰ˼Ĺˣ
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ͬʱʹ˹ӣȻû˵˭ǰǱԺѩ£չ˵⣬ǰصǲ١
͵ҲĶིһЩѰССҲˣϾɽµҲѾࡣ
ɽְȴܲͣûйϵϵȴҪλǹϵȽܵɽھ֡ɽԼɽöȥһݡ
ɽƲʲôˣҲɸעĿĴӶ߸ơȴͬɽһˣ֪ܲͨ
õӵҲɽϻļɣⶼΪ롣ȥЩõӵľֻɽصľˣǿǵɽɾҪҵľĵϣǰһպ󿪷ֵʱҲ
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ϧҶӰޣܹɽΪ֮һѾǺ˲ĳɾˡ
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ϾҶڲСҲǸųΪӽƺʿͣ߶Ѿٽݣֻ˶ھӽӡģ֪꣬Ҳû̫⣬ֻ֪ƽôˣѾܲˡ
ֻǣΪ̫鷳һҪЩҪǰ˵ӾͲ̫֮ܶҲûа취ȴҪίʦöһʱˡ
ʲô鷳ģһᵽ£ѩɬŮζ֪ȵ˶٣ҶҲǾﲻѣֻǶױı仯ѵʱŮӻǰֲͬ
ͬʱĳɽͷϡ
һһĴЦ˵ƲԳԷƣԹԽŮˣǵñҪˡһȺĽʿʬȻȺɵѪ֮Ϊ
סһ˵ľ׳ߵȣʣ㽫ŮصȥˣԹ˵ӻܸʹ죡򶨽


130 
Ҷѩ׵鶨֮ɽɽ뵽һƽȴַæʱڡǳյϰ֮⣬æŶ¡
ΪԽԽԶƽֶ֪ӽҶļԼʦöףձ㽫ӭȢԼʦáٶҶĸе棬ҪύһĽʿʼɽؾۼйϵõļ˶Ѿǰݻһ
ɽҲͷһۣȻֻһݺܲ۵ĺͬʱҲȷʾڻʽӶףأɴͷĻҶĻᵽɽõ̬ȡ
ֻҪɽɲҪʲôŭԹͼ췴֮飬ٸ߶ӹգ
ͷ֮ʱҶ˼ֽҶҲûϸЦźѼ͵ͷɽȥˡ
ȥҶĲŽǼֽȡ˳ϸϸһƣ־ȻǼݵɽܱߵһЩĵءЩĵʵԿسأֻΪɽ˿ʼãػġ
̫үֱ˸˳ˮҶģɽΧһɽɣɽܹЩĵؿسũ̫үҲԳ㸳˰ؿ˲·Ҳһ󹦼
һƣЩܹȫسĶֻɽûôԺչҲòôࡣЩȴɽɴ˸׳ԵԺɽɲͣǿ󣬾ۼɽΧҲԽԽࡣ
ʱ̫ƽΧһǿɣôһΪһ൱ȶƽ͵ĵǿ˶ײңĵͨǰӵġ
ʱɽɽЩЩգֻǵҲ㹻ɽάĿˣЩҪ˰
ҶĿ˿ЩȻһЩպã֪õһֱ̬֤ɽϿɽڵصĵλҶľԲյȻ÷ôȻǿǵһ˫Ӯ飬ԼҲٲúôȴ󣬱ϾЩذǻĵأ˵á
ɽܹ˷չɽҲûչΪƽϵĴʱ̫үȻԸˡ
ҲɽˣҲȥԭתתԼɴЩһѡ񣿡
ͷҶľ;Ǹʵеķӡֻɽս¡أܹЩϣȴûм԰ĻΪʲô˿ڡɽڵӦûˣƽ˿ڱͲ࣬ƽİղҪΪġ
ûҪȥطƴģԭһЩİգԽǸԣĵ˷Խࡣ
ƫƫЩɽɼûʲô֪ȣȺĴʱԲῼȥһû֪ʵεϽµĵȥ
ȥһ⣬ֻ»ȹһɡ
һ꣬ûʲôϡ档ҶΪڱߵĳͷһæǵɺǿлõǮ
ŵӺҲкǶҶԷģ͡ɼˣһ췢һǺķڿľͷεĸо
ʦ꣬˷ɽؼȥԼԲȥˣɽظм˵Ҳɽ
ɽȻʣ²ˣȴԶƽʱ֣Һ껹Сһȥɽƽ˲ٻֵľͷɭǰɽʱ˲̻񣬴ʱһĵҲ塣
ȵٷ̻ˣ
ͷһһ˲ҶͻȻԼͲǶʮ꣬ʮˣСͷʵԼʵ䲻
еʱĻԼŶʮ꣡
΢㱵ĺ˼ţҶʦõС֣ѩҲûҶվһЩʦЩǲѹ̫ˣʵɽѾ죬ҪǰЩôˣ
Ҷıͬһ뵽ְ黹û˾ֱŲģ»Уɣǲſһ
ɣôܹвҶĵ˾ûôˡʣµЩֻ˼ǳһ˵˭鷳˭鷳ͬʱֵز֮ҲϧеһУЩһĸƴ˶Ҳд֡
οнŵ˶ڵԼҶȻƵУһֱиʮ꣺˵ҲܽʦǵŸż
ѩһ죬ϲ⣬ֻƽʱ˵ϰˣȴ˾䣺ҡҲûУ
ֻҶİϰˣ˻ȫûжѿھͳ˵Լˣʦô죿
ȴĶˣҶѩԲ֮⣿ֻǼʦڵЦ˼䣺ŶѵʦòĻұɣǡŹǿ֣ɷ
ѩ漱ˣֲ֪ȥ˵˵ԼܼҪʦ顣־е̫֪ߡ˼ȴһҲû˵Ҷļ״ο˾䣺˵Цˣʦ𼱣
ѩһİۣһϲһ¡΢ʹ˵㾢Ҫһ㣬ȴҶץĸͲܵ
ѩ£ҶûҲͷˣ˼䣬ȴû̶Ļ⣬ֻϵرĺ٩
˵˵ţȻճ˳ԷûͣѩƵʦȥˣûôؼô
ҶĿЦ£վͻؼҳ˶ҹȻ˻æأ
ʦܵĹҪͻˣѩ֪͵Ĺ٣ǰѾͻƵıԵֻһȴѣûʲôزͻҲǲܡ
궼ץֻǿͻƵһ߻ᣬԲƴ
˵ӦûҶȴЦһ£ǰЩʦæ£Ҳû˵ǰЩոǴ޼˲ٸĶܣ˵һ׸ǿĴʦץ¹ϣһٰǸԵëëҲڵˡ
ѩ֪ԭͲΪ޼ҪͻƣΪõһ׸յĹæ¹
ǽŹɣĹᵽʲô̶ȣ
Ҷĳһ뵽͹򱾾ͲôһߣԼ¸ؼԼԭ̺δܽŹɣƻһٳζ̤ż
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ǲǺʦһˣѩɫе㲻á뵽ʦֺʦȺ󶼿ǵżֻԼĪ˵ͨζǾһߴͨζľ綼൱ľ롣
Ҫ˵С๦֮棬ԳҶǰϰϼ񹦺ԭĴ޼ȺǵżȴŶûҵʵɣĪûϰ츳
ʵ̫ˡҶܹɣɺ´ٳɵġƾѪһھ㾳硣
ֻѩȻǿһȴûʲôС๦޷һĹȻ顣ʵϣѩٶѾ㹻٣κҶĺͶǿ˹ҵġ
ƼʦģҶҲ֪ֻҲû취ģŵرվôõáҪѩΣվءͷͻƣҲԸ⡣
ԣֻѩС๦ԹΣԺҪΪʦõĹ»ġ
ͣҶ°ͣǰӵõǱ𹦺ųƶչڵĺ˰ɣ׹ҲʱڲΪʦܵڹˣ
ⴿҶĸյõʱһƣΪһʱ֮Ȼ벻⹦ǳԺδȵؼϸһĶ
˵ִҲϤô׹һֿ϶Ƕ꣬Ǿɽͯѵİ˻ΨҶ𹦡
ⴿǰ˻ΨҶ𹦵ԭ棬Ƕ𹦷ͯԼǿױֻ˲Ĺʱ޸İ档
ȻҶľ趨е㳶ǼȻõˣͬʱϸйţǾ֤⹦ǿġ
⹦Ȼųƴ𹦣ȴʹؼϽһЩţֻҪ˴˹ʹĴھֻǲܳڰˡǳƵĶ
Ҷ϶Ϳƾ˹ںһǴ˹Ծ޳۴ֿܱȴ޼вھȴԶʤ޼ʹȫ෴ھķţӦöͻںвٵ档
ò񹦣ŹҲĹӦðɡ
ԼֻҪƾ躮ȪͣŬͨ飬ЩӾ֮Ѿе൱̶ȣҲѰʱԳ忪ء
ͬʱʱҲѰ˼ĽԺ͹Ժ򡣹ãһһʽ͹µˣĥؽʹԼĽȴӦѲɽһֱд֣
ҶϾʱҲȥЩؼЩҪѨλȻҪһרŹѨλĹ򡣽ʧˡڵѨһʵûʲô˽⣬˵ǽָʱָڵõ֮ǰˢһֻ߽нûн׶׵ס
ȥûн߽
Ƶ׹ûн߽Ǿ͵ûãͬʱ߽⣬߽˵ǽ˵ڽںűĴӻ⣬ڼü̵űеĹЩһ㽣ûеġ
߽ҲٻΪ߽Ҳںйٱʵĵ㡢ȿھ߽Ϊͣڴ̵ʱҲʹйٱʵ·һҶ˿ԲյĹʱæŽ߽еĶһ׿Ľʹõ书
ͬʱǵ⣬ҶĲòһЩ𿪣һеĲСһʹõɱҲҪĳʹáǴĽʹ˫ֱеͷˡ
ɽկû߽Ҳһǿߺߣ
˼£ҶоһЩͷֻΪûճͣԸɴûи߹ĽԡĽһ֣Ҳûȥʡ
ǹСӣѧϰؽ٣ȫķĵָϡҶŷСӵĻڹޱʵ㹻ʵĵӣϰȫķҲֵ
ؽûʲôԣȥôУҪľʱȻǿѾܹؽʹ磬ƽСӦҲܻᱻʦˣ
СʦܵĹ򡭡ǽ١
ƽޱȵĺգԼŲ֪ã¾ȻһŰʦµСʦܸĻͷԣЩ
ҲΪĹûгɸϵ̶·ûγɣպᷢչʲô˭˵áͬ·ӴһʼȷˣֻҪһһӡǰ߱ɡؽȥ·ӣһ治мܵס
СͽôҶܲܺŪѰᣬֽ˹һƷ޼ֱֱȥһƣҶĺܳҪĸ˸ֽС
ҶĶֵĽǣΪʹһƵʱڡɲֹɽҲλԾô֣


131 
ҶҲָʱȻ书ûдﵽν쾳磬ȴҲǵ̶ֲȣҲԭ룬οһɡ
ĽһƷͬʱҲǰָҶĶԭֵҰ
һƱûʲôϡ棬ҪֻȫȻƣһǰƽȫĳȥ
ֱֱǰһģ޻ɿԣһɽկжüɵķƣһеľȫڶüϣһĳߵȫ˵ĶüΪΡ
ҶһҲˣһƵڼϣֻƾĲǶüȻҪϴƣֻҪϼ񹦱ˡ
ϼѾŹֻϼɻ߽ӽɲſɽɵ񹦣ʱҲΪֻǿǵŹԼΪҪĸߣԺѰҴ˿Ҫ鷳١ЩԼ֮£ʱ̫Ҳ档
һƽľʹȫʮҪʹʮȻһǰƴʮֵЧһԸ񲻺ϣԳӹֱ׼Խ˴һã
ڹ²ϼҲѡԵӣԺΪﵽһ̶ȺԼҲҪϼ񹦴ںǾҪûǸԵˡ
ͬʱͽܵڹҲȷĽΪ⣬ϰʲôڹνϼ񹦻Ǵ޼ʱԼȥѡãŶ֮߱ЧȻ޼вٽɣֻǿǵĽµҲٽŹɣЩɶҲνˡ
ͽƽĹ׶ΣûʲôŮӣҲ޼ƽ̳вҷ󡪡Ѿ𹦣һѾת䣬޼ѾԼˡ
뵽ҶĵǲûгԼƵ紿봿޼໥ںϳһʲô޼ϾǴ໥ںôҲԼŹװɣ
ʵϣ봿޼Ȼк֮ܶһЩϸзʽΪͬ
ҶĵںϵһйʽҲͬйأҪ칦Ϊ߳ϼһΣֱӽƵһɣԲûʲô⡣
ѧףһߴһʱϿǽƣʵϸɫǿкϲս߶ֺáֻܸҪĴ𹦡ŹҲױȴ޼չֳ
˵޼ãϾҲᵱ䵱ɺĺùֻŹ̫ˣҪʮǾԲġȻѾƾ޼൱磬ֻһܴɡ
Ҫһ֪Ҫۣ෴Ȼñȴ޼߶٣ȴܸչҲɽġ
ԣ޼Ȼ飬ҶֲҪڹôɳҸƺǸѡ
Уɭƽﵽ˿ϰ޼ҪҶıڹ˶ˡҲһֻƽڣɭԼʦͽ̵ҶĺܲĶƽ˵һ䡰ʲôľȥʦ壬Ź
ڶͽ·ѾȷڹҲѾ϶С๦ֻڹɾͣѩС๦ĲʱϰҲضԽˡ
ֻ״ӣҶĻе񣡴ϼѾûʲôˣֻڿҪҪסͯڹͻζ֮ʱ칦еĴתͻ֮ϰ
ҪĻȴ֪ҪãɲΪԼͽҲԼһǲܱסֻͯܵϼɺϰˣĻҲҪ󽵡
Զˡ
ԶһƬѩףҶ̯ƽס˼ƮѩѩȴûڻԽԽƬ̾ϲ˱һ㡣
磬ȫкöλñָоҶĻ쳣̹Ȼֻͨһȴоǿʢ˲٣
Ϳ𹦱ƽɵʱҶĵҲڻ۵һΣҽźȪ֮Чһֳ忪һء
ôһҶĵ澭ͿתѸݣʱʹҲѾٸеʵζһͨʹ񽣱Ӧ谭ֻҶʱֱ̫̣ʱƾһ忪µزŽۻ󽣱ҲѲˡ
ʱҶ˼忪أܽ㹻ĳ̶ȣﵽ֮Ҳһϡ˿ŵر䣬ֻ
򵥵˵Ҷǰһֱȴ·ӣΪһ̫죬ٶȷеϣԲŻҲҺļʵô̵ʱ佫ⲿָ׷ôððȻĳȥֻҪϼŻʶһ㡣
󽣿ʹ磬ԼǸܴ󻧣ҶǿǿʹһȻݽߵľŹֻڹؼʱƴԼԭְ𡪡͵Ϯ
ۺô⽣˽ˣȻܳ־á
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͵ĴҲѾҪɣֻҪһɣЩǱصѪ߷Ҳˮɵ顣
Ҷĳ˾ӵȻооһЩĳЩС˵й꾡书ˮİ׺ûзŹ˺һһЩͷ
Ź׼Լʦãֻѩ¹㣬ǿҲʱûи
ȥ书ѩѧϰ
ѧ书Ҷһһһѩնģû룬û뵽ʦȻҪġ
ѩ˵ͷӲ֪ΪΣȻеͰ͵ģҶļ˾ϧ֮УǶף־ֱȥˡ
Ϊλ뷨Ҫ֪ϰĹ൱ֻҪͰϰȥΪһֲǲ֮£
ѩɫЩΣ΢ɬʦֺʦȺ󶼿ǵżֻʦһǻûʲô
ѧЩżҶ˹ԭС๦ѩ½ԲŻԼҪЩ
ҶĲ˼ѩҲûʲôֻǵͷӦǡ
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ɭƽ˴ҲʼϰڹԼıСǿɲǶأ
ѩй˼ҶҲ˵ʲôĻοҲԼͽ̫죬ѩ˦̫Զʲô¡ϰ˴޼ȻΪѩ⣬ΪԼʦ졣
Ǵ޼ôôȻɿ죬ģʦܵҲһһҶĲҳԹӶڹǣôֱΪģС˵ǡ
ҲͱԽ߲һˣ
һ߸̣ҶһѰ˼ԼʦõҪ󡣱ϾҲԼպŴˣҪϹĵȻҪŬˡ
ȥҶĻ뵽һӡʵҲķӣʹһٻõһؼǱؼѩ书ҲܹڶʱսԻᱩΡ
ΪĳЩԭҶԼȥ׹ˣ֮ܽ߸
ѩʦһεĿԼ˫ȥ۶ˣһӡѩһȻɫӵһֻôˣʦԺ书·Ҫסˣ
ʲô˼ѩͷûҶ⻰˼
ҶҲֻͣǼ˵ʦҲ֪ʦǰ´һŽ򣡡
ѩͷҶҲûΣȷǿƥѩǲҶĶվͼһɫһ첲һŵĳȻѾǽһء
ѩûҶıԹҲĶֻɽֶһɾգ
ֻǴʱҶ˵ȴʲô˼ѵʦҪң⹦ƺҪܸ߰
а˼⣬㿪ʵʦҪô
ҶҡͷȻ󲻵ѩʣֱ˵˴𰸣ǹʦְѰ˼ǽתΪȻȥģ
ѩͷ
ôһھȫתΪأҲǽַľǽˣ
ѩԴ󾪣ʦ˵еҲھǽ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˼Щ˼룬һʵеķӣһǽȫ̧䶼ǽϱеľǽҲʡѹɽಽ裬ʹҲѸݡǼʵҲʡϾЩҲҪܶɡ
µĽһ֮Ҷڵ˼ȥ󣬱һŽһھȫתΪĹֻתֻ⽣УȭƹʹˣͬʱһҲ޷תֻһֱȥ
ѩףΪҶĻ˵Ǿһɴ˷·Ӿͱסˣԭôԭ
ȭƹҪ˵УҲҪʹֻнеϣҲֵˡ
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ѩΪһԣ뵽ҶնһĻ±ʵʦŹʲôѧô
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ʦѧ⼸ұ㽫ǹؾվ͸ʦȥڹ֣һνʦã˴˹С๦ɾǷˣ
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ѩҧҧѰ˼ԼС๦ʼղôֻԼ˹·Ӳϣ˾䣺޷
ҶļҪѧҲٶԣֻͷǹдһݽԼʦñãȴżϾ֮¾ǰæһ˵١
Ѱ˼ţƽ߽˾䣺ʦְأ


132 
˭ְǰأ
ƽ˵ͷǣͷһŮӣԳְﳤϣ˵꽫һݣְİ
ҶĽӹӣִ򿪣ֻһо壬ȻǳŮְ֮ﳤϻףɽҶŶ֮ϲ
ݺֻͨǻ¶ҶĵƤһĹԽԽãͱˡ˭֪Ůûʲôֽš
Ȼ֪Լ̫ǣ޷ٶǻϵļɵҺǵԻڣԿһ£򶨵ķԸһȥк
ѩ֪ɽְ㲻ʲôѺڣԵ¾͵˾䣺ʦͬȥ֪Լ书ܶǻϣǶԸһЩСආӦûʲô⡣ԼͬȥĳʲôҲǣסˣʦ뱻ΧľС
ȵҶѩרк˵һƫУ˻֮ԾȻûˣֻԼһ
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Ҷ⻰˼̫ԣѩԼʦҪְ̽Ƿʲô׵ʣŮӻش
뻪ֻ죬ȻЦеĴǹֶ֮±ͷЩ¿ɽ˼Ϊˣ¹ϻ˼ҲٷЩˣǰΪҶŵϲ
⻰޿ֱ֣ӾͽְҶġ
ԭǹŭѾԭˣ⻪ɵӣĪְԭִϵõĺô
߰Բ²⣬ȴһֱüɫ任ȻԣȴӲ۾֪룬ڱҶǲִ֪ʲôն񣿡
ҶļԷѾ˵ˣԼٲϷԵòɴͷȷʵǺ棡
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⼸ˣҶĶԻ¼ΪɵԼռ˼ұˣŮͻȻֽԼʦýͣѩԴӼºУĿͲơǼԼʦ˵ʱɦŪ֮ӣж
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ֻǲ֪ǵİ᲻ƽƫԶְҵڶ࣬Ӧòܹɣ
Դӳһҽɽ֮ҶҲְֺ֪һѧԼãҲĵ񽭺ϵһۺԼúһԵھ份ξҲǽĹ
Ҫǣֺʱ׳꣬ʱҲŶʮͷνһˡʮֺ֪ȵǿ˶٣λɽɺ佻ֻһʺš
˵Ҳǽ֮ĸˣԶԼſż֮˵ȱȡ
ңӳһҵĻ֪ξǴӺãһԵڹΪơʱҶĲã˶ǴԼֶܹ֪ͨΣ˲벻ֻǳɹҪˡ
һϣһֻ֪˳ְܶ棬ֽͶƲǸְҵĹ⣬Ϣһֻ֪ܸλڹŭ²书ӦñǸŭĿԵһ
ת֮佫ЩϢһ飬ǻ¼ҶĲ֨ҲڴţֻһЦѩϴȥ
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ֻͻȻĳһ䣺˵Ҷ÷ߵһҲ쾭壡ֻĳЩȴҪĶˡ
ۡ
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̡
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Ҳƫѡʱǡôǰ붼ʱĳôһ䣬ǲܡ
ѩֺɣڻµֶ˼ֻۣüĿǳ֮ɫаԹʱʱҶƳ
ѩƵļҶƲ޲ôһ䣺ﲻ߶쵰ڸëͰôңңٿңٿҾͰԵ
ѩһתͷǡþͼҶ˫ŭɫһԴвĵһۡתͷٿ£ܾ˵ӣһʧ̬չֵ쾡£Ȼ¶ЦݣֻҪ۾⣬ƳǿջЦ
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133 ʢ
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֪ǲǴҶԼû˵ЩʱǵЦЦƶִһЩΪǿϡ
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Ҷ֪ԭִϯλҲнģһλǰ˵Ķǵʱĵһɣʲôڡڡɽɡɡš⼸ɶԼ̶λá֮µһЩλҲ࣬Щλȴûй̶ˣ˭ϣȫʵ
ְƾֺǿһϯλһʱȴλöˡҶĲ²ֺᵽһϯλҲľżȻأ˵һʱ书ܱϽ컹ֻ˵ʱûʲôǿְﾺ
λ˸ɾʣµ˾ֻȥվΧִۣųƽʢ磬ȻûʲôƣֻҪ˾Ϳǰȥոֻ֡ҪսĵȦӣҪôо˵ҵһˣҪô㱾㹻ҲΧ۵·֮һˡ
ô࣬ҶͻȻô˵ִỹûʽٿ
һ㶣ҶʲôЦȻǻûٿִһ죬һǡڽ¾Уʷˬ֮ʱ·ݰҲʮ£һΪĵΪơ
ҶıǹŭȥԭæЩʲô漴ִôȺ۲μӣ϶ҪͿʼﱸǰһҲϯλ֮϶ҲͿʼˣܲܵȴῪʼˣһûȷλذɣ
ȻʱٲûЩλãʱ͵ڰޣиֻҪսҲˡһҺ˵ҪһλãҪһλãִǳ˲г
¼ҪſԣһȻӣ֪뵽йؼЦҶˣ
ţ
¼ͷֵʵ˼һҪŶ
ʲô飬뻪ԣҶϵ´Բô򵥣ֻǵʱʵ벻⻪ͼΪΣԷֱ˵ɴ˳
۾תתҶģɫְҶִһУ֮϶Ķ࣬ԱְϣִҶ˽ⷬԹ
Ҷͫһȴû뵽ֺôԼȻԼ˽ᡣҶȻԳ书ȴ֪ܷסһ֮ʱȴԼ磬ͷȻְʢ޲Ӧĵ뻪ϻرӦˣִʱټ
¼Ӧ£Ҫת棬ȴֻЦЦ¶˼ȥԺҸдҲˣ
ҶƤһͻȻвõĸо
Ȼ½ŵ¹ϻӹǷֶ񣬱ְܶҷģȥҲ£׼ɽסϼգ˵ͻȻҶһգҶŲ᲻ӭ˼Ұɣ
Ҷһ뻪˾룺ţȷʵӭ
ȴûëɣҶ׼ˣ㻹Ҫס£㷢˰ɣ
飬˼һζ˵ӣ֪һͣ۽ǲĨȥһȻ֮״۽ǸɵĺܣˮҲţװǻơ
ֻ˵Ļʵ̫ˣҶŵЩӵϳﵽȥһ䣺ÿʦòڣͬʱϼȣҪ˵˵ʲôʱĵһ
¼ʹ״㻹ôȻ˼ұ飬ô£˼ȻģȴҲǸҵӺһ⾰Ҳҳˣ
Ҷʲôʱˣ
ס²ӣýĪҪȴ°°ͣǸаָ˵Լǰ촽
Ҷļһ¾û˶Ȼ˵ǳǣ˸ȥĺ÷
գգ۾޹Ǳ˼ҵĵһΣûк˵ѵ˼׵㲻ô˵һߵӣ㻹ѽ˼ˡ
Ҷ˵鶼ûˣŻһַǳĸоֻӦðɣġ
˱ãºǵ⣺ֻµúúκıʦýˣǰԼĵһǸ˼ҵŶ
˵겻ҶĻعֱʹṦգ۱ûӰӣƽͼһӰȻһɫµסԼ㱻ק˹ȥͬʱһ䣺ҰŵסģҴ·
ֻûأ͸оһѹƷ̽ϾŵƽȥȻһǵɫ
ɽڻֲڻϵסԻ˸·˵󣬻ѾƮ˼ʮ⣬ȴڶ֪ҶԴܵķźԼ˵ֻҶľȻܽ͵ôԶڹΪѾŭˡ
΢ɫȴ䣬ֻĵ˾䣺Ӹ˼Ҵ·ϣҶźСȴҲûҳ֣Ծվһϡƽŵӣһֱȵһ۹ͷȥ
ƽ˻ҶȴһֱվԱû˵ѩʦ粻ƫǼʱһƺҲˡ
ʦ֣ĺǻ¡
ҶֿɫǵһȴǽʦýץסȻٿν͡Ϊʲô㲻֪ʱеĲһڣŮֻһܵôͶȻɸᣬݳһ׮ɸŸټĳƪƽ𵵴硣
򵥵˵ǵôݣ
Ϊ˷ֱֹ緢ҶȽʦץסԷδȻſڵʦ⻪Ͻ֮ʱȷ׹һΣΪǻûҩ׵ңʦãҪңҰ
ҶľѩͻȻ˵ʲôҲͻ輸ˡһ߶Ŷһߴ󺰣ҲţҲһ˲輸
ҺһжûзѩһЦƮƮĵ˾䣺ʦ֣
Ҷ㶣Ȼͷͬʱ΢΢ɿץѩ˫۵֣㲻Ҫ߰ɣ˵ңʵ׼ɽȥ
ѩ֣ΪʲôҪȥ

ǼҶΪѣѩץסҶĵĴ֣ЦŵȻ˵Ҫʦ֣ôʦ˵ȻȥɣοǻԾǲģΪҪĻ
˵ʲôѩȻͻȻͷңʦֵĵһǡҲûб϶ȥ
ɶ
ҶĴ󾪣⻰ĵһӦԼǰʱ±ѩ֪ˡתһʵǲܣԼǴԽ¾˵Ҳûš
ڶӦԭͺѩָͶʲôԼһǶʲôģֻǺ̬չѩϣԽԽԶŻὥԶ
Ҳԣѩ϶ԼȻǵôҪƢôĺԼ˵
ܲСʱװɣ˵ŮӼҪкӺãҶҲΪģĪСʱף˵ʲôԺҪ֮ԣ
ҿѩԴĿԼż⣬ƲҶĴʱ仯ֻͣǺʦֻǵõɽɱ˶ô
ǵãôܻҶĿɾʱԽġοʱŹֽɽɨأ
ѩʱʦֱŹˣȻҩκʦƣʦֵʱ̫أǻԲѣͺȲҩ˵ȴҲ˵ȥˡ
Ҷ˳ʱе㯣ºʲôϵһ룬ͻȻ˹˵ʱҺȲҩʦá֪ѩָָⷽԼ촽
ѩ̧һƾƼôɫ죬˵ͷ
ôһ㣬ҶĸղǷ˼ȫ˾⡪ǻǸʦðţ˳ʦõĳҲ
ֻʱԼԵУζûа䣬ͷȥʦõ˫꣬ҶĿҪҪٳһһʧȥļ䡣
ϧѩֱɿҶĵȻתܣһ䣺ԷˣûӰӡ


134 ལ
ҶѩĶеòƽҶĶе㲻
һж̫˳ˣƤɽϵĻ¾ȻûиʲôҶĺǾ
̫ģ
Ȼ֣ãǻ´ϼֱȥǾ͸ˣԼÿƵصķ
ڽɽϣ·ų˻һȥҲû£תϼҲԵȵµʱҶһȥʢᣡ
˵Ҷĸɴͽ۵ĵطԼܿŵ㡣
ѩĶʮ壬Ҳ֪ʲôԭܶϰ׶ԼԭĵطΪӽ˵ŵȵȽƲ˵ЩҲͬ
ԪһףҲҪմһЩϲա
ɽ԰˶֮һЩסĽϽĿ˱Ⱥȥ΢ԶЩľĴɽɵĴȺȥϢ
ľˣȻɭǰȥкȵʱæ꣬ɽȥɽؿֵ£õͷľӦ˫Ҫ̸ĶǲٵġʵľռЩΪɽṩһб͵ضεȵȡ
ڻɽɣСԺ㣬Ѿ˲ٵԺڼҶĺĵһ仰ǣʦҶţԽǰ˵ɫҲΪΣЩ޴롣
ÿҶû̫£ͻɽɵҲһŲᣬֻкԺ㣬λɽɴ̫ѿʵθͲԼͽԼʦ˵˭ǰȥʱ˭ˣ
չǵʦŵ棬ԼСͽһ⣬Լβ˵ġԼĻ˵콭ֶˣʲôڽߣպϵҲ㲻ýˣרɽѧɣ
Ϊˣʦûٺʦ̸κֻǲ˴ɳԼͽѾòˣ˵ȥԺҲˡ
ҶĿɲ֪ΪĹϵɽڲѾìܣȻʦֵȴԾԲģֻѡնյԼϰأҲôˡ
ʦǰȥȰЩŭ磬ʦֶ첢ҹʤһ統ͻὫԼһҵϵ
ȥɣ
ԺܹǰɽҲǴﵽĿģֻպɽɺɽֵദȴΪѡɽڱֵ̫ǿҲ̫â¶Ѿâڱĸо
ɼԺ㣬˷ǰҲӦ£ŷԸʲôҶ̸̸Ļȫ˽䵱Уһ꣬ԺʹҴҶİݱͷҲһص뿪ֱɽȥ
ʦ뻢ɽɵѾˣƽԺҶĽʱڵôһ䡣
ʱΧҲûʲôˣ֮󣬱ֻɽھֵͷɽϣصҲȥˣ˾ֻûǸҴܵķѾͷͻʵʵԼڷеְﳤϡ
˼ؽһһʹҶڵ˾䣺޷ɽҲؿŻɽɵͷƽ㣡񼴱ְĴҲǲ壡
ôеսо͵ĴѾͷֻҪ޳һ֣񹦱ɣ˳Ƴͻζ̤졣
Щӣҹھбչأֻǻƻʱֳһ˳Ըͬʱƽͻٴλصȵû⣬µ֮ǰܳɡ
ѩµǱνؼоţֻ⣬ҶҪϰʱԼڳţȶþΡ
ǰЩؼûʼϰΪ绹û½ԶɻΪҶĵûɣһͦԶ飬ӦûῪʼ׹ˡ
Źʲôӣ
ϾʱѩҲŹ򾿾ܴﵽʲô̶ȣϾϰ֮ûвԼĹڴġ
Ҷ룬ȻЩŵĳҲ֪ѩܲܽ־أתһ룬Ҳ̫ˣ̶ֳȣѩҪ޵УָھܳôԵĹô
ƲĽۻǱȽϱأԵϢγɽҽžͷţķžʹķţʱʦú˶֣Ӷö˾ȫſˡ
ôһ룬ҶͻȻʶһµ⣬ѩںԼǸʲôʱͻȻһ£ǲҪˣ뵽ˣһ亹ĵеڽŹʦá
κͳȥؼóȥˮҪû̫ˡգѩҶĵĻ¿ʼϰνһЩھתΪ˽ڡ
Ҷĵѩζûͨżû׹ľܷܵסЩԵȻѩԹʮֿ϶ǾһյĹ۲죬ڿȷѩľ֮ͳ̶Զ󣬶İԵ̶ҲԤڡ
⹦ǾֻгʦܹϰУҪٴͨؽĸӼͲſɣǿϰоϵΣգ
һ㣬ҶҲƲԣܹõԽǾﵽһʲô硣
ЧǿҲ徭û˺֮ǺǾͿԲͣĽ£ȻһһأﵽһֲĲΡ
ҲֱӳΪľ֣
ҶԼǵóᵽɽɵıǺ׹Ϊߵľɽɵǿܹɽ׷ڵǿˣṫҸɾԼȣǾ֤ṫ񹦣ʵ㲻Ҳޡ
ôƲ⣬ʦõľԿԳܵסνˡͬʱʦõľҲԳܴʲô⣡°ͣºû˭̸ѵ粢ôһBUGƵض
תһ룬ŶԣĿ㴫ЩǰһͽܣͽǰٴͽܵͽܣģҲһһǿĿֲ
ȷʦõİȫҶĵ˼ֻһЩ߰Ķֻ֮ѩνСгɾͣʾһ֮Ҷˡ
ν⼸ʵ壬ζֱָ⽣εĶ˼ҲŶԣҶĿѩָһ̣һϸɫһơ
ǰ񽣴ννʱ⡣ϾЩʹЧԭ죬仯Ҳûʲô
ֻνﶼζˣȴǿһʵ֮СǽȻϸȴ۵ĺܣɫҲʲô˺Եɫ֮ԼһƬҲǲضá
ооȥ̽һʦڽ·ߣҶľȵķ֣б仯ûԭ򣬶ӾѩԭС๦档
Ҷ°˼ãѯһ£ʦã⽣񣿡
ѩֻʳָȻһɫĽָȴǰת˲ԶɢĲӰǷ·һ鶯СһָǰתһһɫȦȦȻתԶʱɢȥ
ʦ֣⽣˼ѩ˼£⽣ȻʮԼĻҪ죬Ҫֱתģ·Լϵһһ
ʦҲǴ֮ˣҶĹ۲˺һյóһۣʦ彣ںϵԭеС๦
ţѩԲ죬ԼС๦ֻǿСɣĽںƺҲʲôֵ顣ңҲںЩ⽣Ǻġ
뵽˴ѩȫҪһϣƬֻ̣ѩ˫оȻ۳һɫĳⳤͨɫ;ѩӼһ޶
ѩһƬ̺ǳֱ䣬Ҷĳõĳʽֱ͵ǰѣѩĿģǻϲټӾǳ仯ԼƺҪҶ͸ǰؽģ
ֻǱһѩͻȻһ˶ȥϵǽҲɢǹáҶľԱߣѩס˳С
ʦ㹦ĪҪ
ѩ˵ͷղĿģȻԼڵĽʮֻ񣬶вɢǼΪĵļɣѩĽʹãһ㡣
ȴ֪ҶеľȸǵνںС๦ζѾǡˣʦõĽı仯ʹҲǿԲת޹̶ʽֵΪʣ
ʦñḧһͬʱȹȥһЩָͬʱҲܽ᣺ʦŹҪལˣ
ѩʱҲָ˹ȻѾԿտ˵ȴûʲôƲƲ泤
⹦ҲóֻǻһֶѣҶıŹһֻ֣ȥһʱ֮Ҳ벻ġ
ʱǽɫΪ࣬ҶԼ¡˫ǿҲˣ治Ҹɸɽɣ
ֻԭ۫ҪĶ࣬ͬʱǷɽǽ
νˣǷɳȥɱ˵Ķ
һ²һ߰ԼʦལٶҲԶҶŹ鷳ľǾ޷Ӧһ㽣Ҫһ󣬵ȴӦ
ƫѩûգϰ˵ڲڣֻҪһǱޱɣϽԣȻڶ̶̰֮ǵż
ѩΪԳͻζǽ񣬳ϰصǡó֮¡仰˵ҶҪʮܹ忪ĻֻҪ߷ֽͿԽζǿг忪
ԼʦƾŹ֮ȻͻһżҶֻܸ̾
ȵʱѩལɣеҲʵֻµȴĿ쾳磬ȻζѩĹΪɲҪһʱвĿ졣
ֻҪζһͨٶȲ֪˶٣ҪֻǸѾ޺õˮעˮǰһ޳һˮעˮ϶ҪȺһļ򵥣ȻҪķЩʱ䣬ȴԭǰ㳤á
ӾôƽĹţʱ·ݺҲڳˡҶȻڻɻЩ⣬ɽһ¶Ҳ˲١ɽʵƽݾǶĴڡ
ƫʱȴҳӡ
һ߸ܶɽȥҶһѯʾô£߾ʲôˣô
ܶ˵ͷԳǶ׽ŵӥӥһɽ¾ͳ£˵ʲô㽫˽ͲˣҶԱԼʦΪʦȥǳ˼䣬ȴóˣǶÿ죬¡
Ҷɫ̾һڣɫҲÿֻв֪ôϢҲĻһȤȻӣһ׼Ϸ̬


135 ʯ
ҶĻܶ˵ͻȻһƮǸ¾ȻṦ׿ƮԼߣ˾䣺Ҷţ֪ӥ˭ô
׽ⲻǺ׵ôҶĺ⻪ΪʲôͻȻѵ׽Żʲôͷɣ
ƳҶʣڵ˾䣺׽ڶǵطҲһ֪ˣӥɽĶӣҲӡ
⻰˼˵մõλӥɽҪ׽Ž
ʧȥ˻ɽѣְִһӵ״̬еڣɽƺӦȥǿУҶĹԲҪúѰ˼ĥһ
Ҷĵ뷨ȴܼ򵥣Ǿһ˵Եġ
ӥʱսذɽȻ̸Щļ˵ʧһЩҲˡֻ£˶ûѾԼӣΪǿ벻̣Ҳˡ
˵ЩĪ֪Ӧ׽ţЦһ£Ƚѵһ˵ɽδ棿
˵䣬˾Ѿɽ£˴ɽɽŴõǴԺڣҲǰɽɵפ֮
طɽıؾ֮·ɽԴȷɽĵλԺֽһΡĴԺֻҪһɽƼɽֵʯҲԺңңԡ
ĴϹңҲûдԵģֻ˶֣Ժ˭ұԺ⵹ǲԣΧؽ˭˲֪ɽɵĲҵ
Ҷĺɽɵʢƽؽˣ￴Ժ󲿷˶ҪȽȥһ˵ҲЩ˵ҶԼɽûʲô飬ҲǴʱ׸
û˭վطʴʶɽɲЩڱԺפصĵҲΪԺԼܹݽɽΪ٣˵޲̧ͦͷʮ㡣
뵽վȻһȺˣһɽ¾˾䣺ɽôӲһͷͷ˵ʲô콫ǻ϶ҵѾͷݹֱٽ飬ʲɽɸˣ
ǵһ㶡⼸ͷһ˵ôġǷŭ˵ʱҲղǰֻ˾䣺ķ蹷ҷҲط
һӥȻͻȻһЦ˾䣺һûʲôҲҴʴʣҾͽûСӼʲôĽ
˵䣬ֻ⻪һţǵֱʱһƬѪ⻹ڷܣ˱ܷӦе屾ܵһˡһֱӾֽܽͶϣεˣֱѪҲϡ档
ţеͣû뵽һŵĵӾȻܶԼһȻԼûȫҲƳƺԼǰС
ԭӥƽʱݹˣڶݺ޼ɣ׽֮ݵĽͬ˶һЩΪҲһֻ۱һֻۣӥȻݿȴҲ֪ЩǲǵģֻѰЩûʲôļһ۸۸
ҶƼɽկһƳƼկûʲǫ̂ҲΪƼկֵٺҲֻһȺɽˣ˻д˵塢
ϧǻƼկʼղ͸¶ԼŮȥ򡪡ɴŮһˣûףκϻͷĲʶ࣬һζܾ
ȴ֪Լڶݶ̫կҽԼŮһˣԺĸѰ׼ңǣԼŮοӥӼ߰ߣҲԼŮһˣȻǰٰѣֻԼݵ΢䲻׼ҡ
ӥʱֻ֪ԼݵͼŮ檱ˣ
һ仰ֱûͷ˾Ϳͣûλ״ʲôӡ̸ȻûӦ£ϻͷҲû뵽ⷬԼկӴ֮֡
ӥȥмһڣ඼ƽĴУҲٺôļһɱ˻Ƽկɱ˸Ȯһڶû¡
Һկѳţƽɽһ͵дģѳһ飬ԳԻƼŮ֮ʣҲֻһ仰ȥƽȥ
¾ʹһӣ˸˻ȥԼףȻֱӱɱƽݶ
·ӥҲɽʲôɣδƽʱὭ£ȺȴǶڽ߶ǰȥƽݵıƽһðɣŽҶģӽ
ɽȻʢҲдţվעĿ˶ƽݵҲû̫¡ǵƽʼѧ֮ء
ӽӥЦһһСҲºţǲ֪ˣҪ˵Ǿӽٻǿǿϣ
ȻٵĽڶҲ֪ģ
ôٲǸô
Ȼǵġ
ôһӥһȺɱɽһ·ȻҲŵɽҶĵһЩţڼҲ佣֮ԣӥֻǲмһˡ
һȺûʶӣʶʲôнαپͽǿۣ
ô˵ģҲôģڿ˿ŵӺ󣬲˳һڵҲԿ콣һһطһ˿ںƳѪˡ
һ֣޲ѣ治٣ԽԽˣ׽ʽĽʹôأֵǾʹģ
м˻عͷƼǿʯЦɽ٣ɵ˹ʺˣɽ֮ơҲ֪մ˶ٹ⡣ͷʯ޵һĭǡɽɽϡ
ҪǸĸְɣȺˣתļһͺƴһĽɽ
⣡
ˣȻֳ̧ʯϿֻ̻̿г֣̻ƬҲеġ
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ܹһɿɲô飬ȻƽݵɲôķۣȻѾͷͷɣܹݺݵһȻΪġ
ԼЩҿһǸʯ֮ʱԼǰȺһƺҪĿ⣬еޱ˷ܡ
µ⣬ϾͲ˼֣ôһЩһӿ׼һ¡ȻûеóѣȴҲӥΪŭһȺ֪ôļһҲڱǰձȫȥ
δ䣬ֻһŭߣһͷͣ˻ԴŻعʲôˣ
ôĿǲ֪û㱾£
˵ʱԶƮƮУ˵һʱӥͼһӰɽϼ£ȵ󼸸˵꣬˾ȻѾԼǰվ
ӥѧԨԴǱ׽Ȼʶ͸ղҶ¶һṦ;ԲܹͨʹóġοҶĻ΢С¶һԼڹǽӥκһŭߣ¡
ʱĸǰ·ԼһȻһӣƺԼ޼ǻҪһЩ
ߴҶģҶǱҲڴӥ˵ҲòãϧƮϿȣɫлްõòΪ⼸һ¾ͱ˲֪١
ӥɣһҵҲʲŻֽ˼䣬еǶ׽˴µ˽⡣
׽λڶݣЩҲǽ϶ɣϧЩȴûˡֵĹ׽ʽһ׿콣ʲԼɽϼµʱ򣬼ӥһĿ콣ɽˣתҪ˵Ҳöֻӥ̫죬ǼӦʱ䶼ûоѾн
֮⣬׽ŵͳᶫݵһͷΪ˿Ƴ⽣⻨⾰һ⽣ƽ⣬Ҳһ׽ƾ˽˳˲С⽣ƽҲ²ͷ׽ԴȾӶݵһ֮λ
׽ҶĻû˵ֻ׽һЩҪϰáЩǳһҸġ
ʲŻµֽЩһҲ֪飬ǱЩ׽ɵʱƾһױ׽ʽĿ콣򣬺ų潣ֻŹʮʧˣ׽Ҳһ겻һꡣ
⣬ʱλ׽ƾʣ⽣ƽӾһһЩʽȥߴݼĴһŷ׽ȻûȫʧȴҲûȫֻһײȱǿΪɹ
ӥΪɽ֮ӣƻᶮһֻ˵ûټҶȴѾ۶ȥˡ
ЩϢҶӥʱǵʮ㣺һɴж˴ɣʵǲ̫⡣
±ɽҶģ
ʲôӽӥƣʵƲλʲôġ˼ȻųƾӽѳҲû
Īűˣ˴²²ⲻԽԽñˣߣ㿴Ҳ㲻ʲôʲ̫ˡҲ˾ֻṦ׶ѣ
ǡڴʱɽ˺ɽϱ±ṦߣԽ˦ģȴ֪ΪֻƵƮ
ѩͶæϴҲ㶼ɽûصΪֵӽϵĸκιǿǿǿ
ҵ찡ôﰡ
˵ûʲôһӥע⵽ѭһԼеĿȺУ´ϲҲȥʲôҶˡ
ԭӥȻŴǰȥףȴȫȻ֪ӥҲʶʱӥȻϳȴɲϵ˭
أȻɽ߰ɣ˵ֱץȥ뵽һ֣Ծһƿ֪֮гæܡ
һһӽ̣һͷһɫӶԷɹǽ֮ʱվҲۣƵ̧ٿǸҶľȻվɿ⣬ָֽңָԼ
ǽָųģ˼˴¸Ǵ󾪡Ȼָ֪ųҪʲôľܴﵽǼΪóƳͬʱܳӦУλȻһָһ⹦δֲ̫ˣ
Ҷȴùȥ룬ֻǵ˾䣺δ̫Ŀˣ˵ƳһۻأѾƳӥоΪǻضġ
ӥʱҲɽλҶģȷͽ֮־ܷųΪԲԼܹǵȻڶݺаԵΪԼ׺׽ųԼӲǿˣԲܺ޼ɡ
˱ĵط˼ɽɿûбҪ׽ŵӣԼΪȷԷ±ֺõĵ飬ײ˹ɼλͬ͸λⲻǣͬʱҪǮҶˣλ
ҶҲû뵽λתתô죬ȻһͷԣƲ̾ܵͷǸһҶĵǲ֪ô˵ˡ
ֻϧӥעһ٣Ļû˵꣬еӶҶĵţȺ˰ѿɽɽʯˣ
һ˽ԾʲҶֻŴӥûעʯ˷һ˵ſʯȻ̵߰ٲĿ֣̾ҲǱϲ
ǵٽ׽ʲϸ˵һҶĸǴŭ˵Ϊɽƺ죿
ôĹҵҪƾʲô񣡡


136 
ҶһŭȣЮڳ׽ֻƾһըףÿ˶һκðǣǳӶһЩվס
⻹ҶĲͨʨ֮˹˴ֻƾѹˣЩ˾;ԲͷĿѣˡ
ӥΪߵģҶһӰȴҲܣʱѪһڣæʹŽѹȥ
һӥǾ˹̫ǿԼ֮ˣձΪɵĽѵһȺӵ֮У뾹Ȼײһ壬Ѫֹ¸Ӽᶨӥúðͽһֺһλߵɽţסպ̸ġ
ȱٻȥߵȫųɽɣ
ȻҶıֵĹʮǿᣬӥΪԼĸ׻ʤһҪ׽źôҲǽ֪ɣھԲֻɽһ֣ʱƾҶĹٸҲá
мĺãȴֺٰõЦݣֻǵǸͣϻֵǼʯ̫¾ɣȫԲ֮ǿ׼䳷һµģҶŷģǿ϶һõĴ𸴣
ҶĲϲӥſھ˵Ϲһֱӵ˾䣺͸λ鷳
һƣǡÿԺԱߵǴɽڣɽڸԼʮɣޱȣֹ⻬羵ĵطҲûУô˭Ҳûȥעǿɽڣֻһڡɽ·Ҳû
ֻǴʱҶƼɽȴµ롣ɽھɽ·֮ԣɽ·ɽ˶Ƽ⴦ɽڣڴɽɽһɽϣҲܱٷ顣
ɽʯн֮˵˲ĿУͻȻ
ӥʱҶҪʰˣһţϳԴκβһڿƣȴҶһȥȻ֣ȴ˿ҷɣֻҶӰ
ɽҲǲ⣬ԼţҶҪЩʲô
ɻ䣬ֻҶμգ۹ѾǴɽ֮ǰʱЩתĿѲµҶҪʲôֻǺҶľ
¼Ҷĵ˾䣺ĪҶҪԽɽ֣ƺвܣȲ̸ɽҪôǿĽֻôһɽд֣дСˣƽЦдЩ
߰˼⣬ǱҶѾɽǰ棬һһ㣬Ṧ֮Ҷ˾ͺ֮һֱϡ˻ûӦȻѾԾߡ
⻹꣬˱ΪҶγ嵽£˷ӦûˣȴҶӾȻڿһۣɽһ壬Ȼǹ⻬ޱȵľһ㣬ξȻٴδɶߡ
ʱѾٽڶˣ߶ѾҶ⣬תƮһƬƬɫƣṦֻƮ䣬ӱ˼·޲Ŀɿڴ
ǿṦûڹ
ӥϾʶ㣬ʶڼе൱̶Ⱥ󣬶ǰŨڹΪﵽ൱βĵҶṦƽδ֮񼣣Ȳ˵ڿһ۸ı䷽ı仯ֻǼûнصľһ㣬ٴһ̾Ϊֹ
οݵߺҶĺƻƮƮƮ䣬˵񼼣ǿ쾳ĸǾġ
ӵʲôˣ
߰ԺڣǱỪҲھҶĵĹǿ࡭ҶĽ֣ȻֻУҲû߾ȫ֮ʱҶԳʵûֲֲ˺ãҶֻҪһ¾ܴ
ָɫĹԿ϶ϴμʱҶľԲᣬǵҶԽָնждһĻʱҶҪ񼼣ͲҪ۵Լߣ͸кЩˡ
Ѱ˼ţֻеҶͻȻһֺĽǽ֮ǿźԶ˶ԼӦ֮ʱԼþϮ棬е֮С
̾ͼҶֱ۷תǵֺ뽣ҲҶֱۻת۲ֻͣǽȴʼڰյУҶֱһӣһϹ⣬Ͻɢһѭ
ʱ˶Ǻ˽Ƭ̲ʶȥǾڣʱǾѾгһֵϰ벿ȻòȴƵһЧɼдĶ
öǿĹ
߸̾ţҶǱȴ಻ԣʱֻдɽ֣һϣʾһֶΣû뵽ɽд־Ȼôѡ
ֱд㹻ÿһʶҪʹȫڼ֮󣬽ץסţͬʱȫѧ飬Ա㾡ܹʡһЩ
ɼȵһд꣬ѾӽݽߣдʱøԼϤ֪ļתʡһ˵һֱ֣ǼҶеѧ֪ʶԼ飬ÿһת۶ķѪдɡ
Լ򣬶Ҳ˸ᡣֻҪٲһȫٿһΡ
κ»һҪдɽֱʻ࣬дһֺ΢ôһɲǣԳľҶֻһתȻЩӾ
Ҷļ״ϲȻ࣬дһɽȴѾ㹻ο֮ʤǰԴдɽҲƣԳɽϡ
һӣһɽһǳɣȴÿһʶǵڣתͣٵǡô
ٿֻ֣һɽϵ֣ȴԳһɽƣмһϡƼһƾֱǲͨ鷨֮Ҳ֪һֶô
дһɽҶҲպȻѿգֻҪЩУ´ϼָܻ٣֮ǿҶĴΪϲдһɽּľȫƮƮڵôһСѾָ˲١
߾ȫ֣νһѧּȫ˾ת۱仯֮£ɽȴǿһƣûʲôɣһǰ·ѹ˵⾳ֻҪҶĻȥһ书ܵõһչûǰḻľżкֻǰҹܴ֮һ湦ҶȻȴҪܳʱȥ
ȴûЩʱ䣬ԼѾϰֻҶºת˻Ͼ˿ɫ׽˼֮溧Ȼ
ȵҶĻصǰϢҲѾȣûһڣ·ղɽֵĲһ㡣
պɽڱɽɽʯҵҪ˻ܽȥ⻰˵ޱ԰ȴûܹ
ɽ˲˵׽˴ʱҲһ뷨жûɵͷɽڶ˹Ѱ϶ϲȥ̸ȥοôһ书ǿҲѰ˼һôֵֵ
ЩѰ˼ǴʱȴܲˣЩֻ֪ΪһʱĻɽʯһʵֵֵ̫Ƶ飬ǶһСҲͰˣɶһиˣǵɱ
ȻǱҶԳֶαǵǸһܷȥģҶſھ͵ɽԼˣ˵˵׼ô˱ɵӡɽ£
ӥʱ亹ͣʶǰ˸Ͳˡ¿ɴСС˵ǸȻһʯٶʯļͷҲˡҪ˵Ǿһݵľ档
ѲɽվǱɥ֮ʱ
˼תͻȻƼȺеĻأʱһӣЦԵʵǻصδֻżȻ͹ϵΪܣһʱ֮²ʧ֮£Ҷź
Ҷһ㶣û뵽¾Ȼôһ仯ͷۻأֻѾͷҲһȣȻȺͺһ䣺Ҫ˵϶ʶ㣡ɫͨ죬Ҳ֪ĻǼġ
ӥѾͷԼĻ·̱կףկǰֻǲʣҲû߹ֿŴαףڱҳУӦ£ŸһƹɽСô֪⣿
ץץͷԷԺƺûʲô˵ͨĵطҶ˾䣺Ȼ˵Ǻͻկ̸׵£Ȼִӻկǵ֪ڣô
ʵҶıκ£ӥʵᣬӣɽšתתȥԾ˼֮ͽԼѵһٱãǼٵأԼǳ˱Ƶɵ
ӥû뵽ҶĻͻȻ仰΢һ㶡ҺӦ죬̴ӻͳһָԵկ¹ﲻԣԽָ
˷ȻԺסȺˣָȷǻǸͷ֮Լ棬ָϴָʱΪɽûʲôƷζʱȻܹȵԼ
ֻûϵⶫһؾȻɫ䣬æȵⶫôõģ
ӥȻúԾʱȴҲֻӲͦŵʲ²˵ˣǻկ¹ﲻ¡
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ʱգʶԼĸ˱ʣɽկկӡŶȡȥƭԼ
ӥû뵽ôһ۵ƽָȻǻƼկկο⼸һֱ˵ƼկկѾˣôﻹϣ
ȴ֪⼸կԼ꽥϶մɱɱҲеζѾٵ֮ˡǻƼկȥϻԺöÿÿɽɻʵҲֻһԿֵ֣ʱ١ڷǰСկţͷ
ֻǴԽԽаһȺӲ²⣬ֻѾӹ˻ƼկկһְʵϣƼկǻկҡ
ӥŴԺֻկѾˣȴûȥ룬ϵôһʱûĽͣǽ֮ˡ
߲ͣ취׽˵ȴûôã˵ɫͱˣҶֻһȺɫ飬ӥ˳ں
뵽˴ȻؼʣҶͻȻѵǲ˵ʵˣһȴͳһöͭǮûʹõǬһӦֱֶӥСӭϡ

һҽҲ֪˶ٷޣһƬƬ𣬵Ǹҽı
ѵɽ˶ǰ׳ˣҪٺʵһοɾͲһ¶ѣ
ӥҧʹа˵ձɣ
ƫƫڴʱ֦ڣϾȻܳһˣֱӾͳ嵽ǰȻ˵˻ǰСկկֵĺòҰҪΪկկֵǱ𰡣
һغƱ׻һ㣬㶵ĿǰϤˣ˵ʲôҵˣ
һȻǱҶһŭȣӣӵôδ䣬һƬҽлһ


137 
һȺ˵ĲҽûصעӣֻǴĿŹԼǰ޵һͿˡ
ϵãǻƼկһˣԼҲмʮ꣬Ѿ統ֵرƴΪḻʱʱɽȥӣ̽һЩҪϢ
һɽͿɽֵܣȺɱҷض𡭡կҰһ˵һ߿ޣձҾ󣬿޵ĸ
һ겻Сʮͷӹڵϱͷʹ࣬һΪĲ飬κ˵Ϣ̫˳Ծ˭ûЩ
ɽæ죬Žֵܸ˸ޣֻǡկկʬȴʼûȫ
˴ֻǰһƬڣҲûֱӾԱߵȥÿ¾վһԣֽסͬʱ˳ƶȹȥһ˹һۣץסˣ壬˵ҵʬԱȫʲô˸ɵģ
ǽкתͷԶһָǡָŵڵϣأԷŸԶϵȲҽвֹ׽ˣɽ෬֪׽ŵϹɽկȺһ·Уұ׷
˵ŶԻص֪ӥͶСկĻ˷а˳ΪСկ㼱ææϧһȺһһСկҺСկ࣬ûʲô顭
˵棬һ߶߶Ҹм֮Ļڽüأּ£Է֮Щ״ˡ
ȴ⣬ֻǽȻԱܶͷܴæչһ壡ʱȫƽǺӡ
תͷ˫Ŀ죬Ȼ᲻ֹȴ׹֣ɱȺͽΪҵȫկֵǱ𣡡˵ճֱ̽ӥ˹ȥ
һ̫̫Ҳʲôף˶ûӦѾԾ˳ȥ
ͬʱӥ¶ûӦʱֱܣҶһֱǣҪӣͭǮһһɳǬһʹޱ죬ͭǮһһķɳת˲͵һƬ
ЩһСȹۣʱҲӥŭ߳һҶָʲô̻ضˡ
ֻϣ˺ȥĻԼôиͷ뵽ؾȻԱһ޲ɷŮһ˹ὣɱԼʱףճԼû˾֣
ֻǱپҲҧһڣοһˣӥȻСȹۣվȴֱʹ޷ҪסȴҲ¡ȻֵףʵϹֻһ㣬׽Ȼ޷ȡ
ǰչؾɱӥҲһСģᱻ䷴ָɵʵӥҲһЩ룺סѾͷɴȥ
ϣ⶷־ҲˣϳһڣֱֻҪУ̽ȻסʱΰڲҲ⡣ԷҲƵһ֮ƣεʱ˵
뵽ؾȻܣȥҪӥͬھۿӥҪлѨλͻȻһϹ⻬ӥֱֻһ𣬳Ҳסֱַɳ
ͬʱǳɵպȻǶϳأĽȻѾɢȴδضϽɳ֪Զڵϡ
ӥʱȻ˲ԼĳˣɣʲýֱҲһ֮ѵʱҲʹ࣬ѾŻ֮״ֻĿŻ̽ԼϽһʣͷһƬһƬʺ̵ѪֱӴӺͷϵ˿ڼ˻
ɼˣûͣ϶ӥֻ˫Ŀ죬ӱԼѪȾһƬѪ죬ı飬ĿɰƤ֮Уǵҹ棬ֲ

һ󺰣һʹӥϵ˫һնӲӥϣһŴͷ­ϰգȿɼ˫ĿǾ֮ɫֱͨһغҲûиı䡣
׽˼״޲ŵɫףСѾ˿ӣЩǲͣߵͷģֻϣؼȻѾɱӥǱŹǰɣ
κλŭδɱһӥ޷ͷ֮ޣʱȫȻ˻ֻһһĽһɱȺ˱ŵ˵һ˻ֻ֣ĿԼ˱һһɱ
ý׽ɱ⣬ѾһѪˣƴѪ߳һɽ˼Ҳľ޲Ȼֻһ뵽һСѾͷ˵ȴ䣬־Ϊ
ҶıĻؾʹħٲңҺûɱȺ˺ѲɫǴʹޣԹߺ֮޲Ȼˡ
֪ڷйЩҶıҲûйȥֹֻ޵ùٴɽһʣˣúõպ󱣲׼ʲôë
ֻǻûǰֹסȻ˹еǰ֮ͨһ¹ڵϣѣѣѣĽʵʵߵ˼ͷ֮ͣͷߵĳѪлҶŲǰӣұɱ֮𣡡
ȻúöеΪȴĲ֪ôʲҶĽӥĳֱ۵һԣŻԼɱ˱ѩޣǺѡ
ȻҶĲԸǶС£ҶĶҲˬҲֻС֣ûȥĻݵѾͷɽ
˼ҶݣǰѪ𣬻ǰ̬ɲǲ֪ôˡ
ߵͷǸҲһ˹ȻҶǰʵʵߵ˼ͷȻ֪λγƺллСկկԼȫկֵǵĴ𣡡˵꾹Ȼߵ˼ߵ
⼸ֻǺ֮䣬ҶıֹҲǲܣȵعѾߵͷɻ
Ҷ̾˿һһοӣȻñҲǸο֮飡
˵˵һŵ˻ҪŬĻţǿն񣬱ֻǵ˾䣺λȥһɽϰɣ
Ȼתͷܶ˵ЩʬɾĪõɽۻ̾˿
ȻˣȴҲᣡصڣغ׵й𻰣̸׽ŵӥɱ˻Ƽկȫկ˫ʲôԹףϾɽɴ˷ҲǽϽ˻Ƽկ׽֮ľ׵УӦδúú̽һ
ѩһ˾ҲǴΪߣȵֻǲ±ɱȫң׽ſ湻ԵˣҲųɣ
һҲһȻ֮ɫڻƼկ׷կʮ꣬ΣЩ֪ĴšӥɱϻƼկʱȻڣȴӴһЩϢƲʼĩ
οӥԳĶݵؽҲ˸ҶЩЩûйֻǿһƤ֮㵱ԼԸǣȴ֪ģ粻֪˶ˣ̽ʱЩȻҺ׽ԣǰݵϢûʲôġ
ŪҲĶ㣡
Ǵ˵뷨ӥĶ֮²űô򵥾Ͳ̽һ
ʱҲһţɫѿɽҲƼկЩ飬ϾƼկֲʲô̶ĳأǵǣһѣдŵʱҪŵù˻ഫݡ
ʱǻƼկ˸һ㣬Щ֮Ҳмֽ顣ֻһѾ׽ɱ˸һɶȫկϰٺ˾ֻʣ»غͺˡ˵ʱկӹԶҲһ
ԵȲ˵ɽҲǲκϽˣӥɽɽ£Ѳ˸ϵģ˵˵ζԸ׽Űɡ
ɱɱȫկұţ
ɱ֮ȴǳ֮ڣǴ⴫䣬ոϴˢɾһһĻؾ˽ʱѾһ£ТҲδҰƷҲûù㡣
ɷƽӣһգۼ侹ȻûϳǻأϸŷӦ
ҶĻûʣͻȻͻȻǰԵ֪ϡƽҪѪҶ
ŶҶĺ棬ԼѵҪԼô
ûʣֻصҶŽǽýܹѧøԱѪ𣡡
ڳ֮Ϊڶ࣬ĽѾݽŵͽܴʱҲڳֻһԩԩ౨ʱˣȻѾɱӥΪλҪǣ޹أ
⻰һеֻǻȴȥԶĽһɣǵôʱʦҪջĿ⣬һεҶġ
˼ҶĲ˵ֻΪѣҪ飬ʦջɣաҪԣʦֲգʦɣǵôǹϵɴеĴ£ǿ
ʵϣҶȴΪЩ鷢ǿŻѰ˼Žʲôʲô׽֮ԡ˵ʵǼΪͬġ
ӥΪʲôô޼ɣ׽Ÿ˵ȻûΪȴԶʤֱΪ֮ˣУʤӥʮοɱɽĶӣɽưոݣǸݵľˣʱٿʲôԩԩ౨ʱˡǲһЦ
ĽԣҶĵȻ书һ֮ã⽭ϣ书ɱģȲ˵ǲҪȥ׽ţֻƾɱ׽ˣպû㹦Ҳⲻһ֣
˵ˣתͷԻصѧҿԽ㣡׽ţֱӾͺ׽սҲгɣ׽ɽȣ˵ĻɽҲ
ɽһ¡Ҫ֪ʦһ·ͬСɣοҶͣ˼رһҪ޸ԼʦܵģǰʦˣǾǳٲˡ
شʱģ˲ЩҶĿɲպر˴Ϊԭܼ޸Լ˶¶ˣֵɽɼɹ
ѧһҿӦ£Ҷĵ˽ͽԺҪˣһһý
׽ھͿսҲӦ£ɽҲԽһسӣ˳ԭҶ޲ʵĵο׽ŵĹʧɽһɶ򲻹Ҳʲôԭˣúʮʮɡ
ֻʦһ£㻹ǺúûȥɣʱִʦȻӦʣҶŻػȥú˼һӦþͻ롣ϾֲܱñΣľͲܾ
ش˷ɽɴԺ󼴱㲻ɽӣҲὫɽɵԼļάĺôˣǾһˡ
Ҷ˵˻ѩȥطοòģʦѾӦ㹦ˣԸȥ׽ţԿԱˣ
ȴֻҶĲӦͷ룬ȻֻҪѧ书׽ŷɣҶԸ⴫书ظм˵һҧҶŷģһڴģֻҪҴñȻҶǰȥһָ࣬ɽɾѧ


138 ½
ˣһĿɿڴҶĸһ˵һ䣺ˡ
Ҳֻǽ˶ѣûмԡʵҶҲ֪ȥ˵˵ĶˣһɽɵľѧֵǮ˭ѧѧĸо˵ûʲôãɴտڣһ仰¡
֪ѧУֻҪҶұĴպ󶨸ɽһذͷҲûֵƤĸоĿ͸¶һӾȻͼᶨζҶ֪ȰҲ棬ɴӦ¡
ʦܽ㹦ˡ
Ҷôһ仰¶˻ȵعгɵʱľӦܿ٣Ӧò˵ʲôҪָͷ֮Ļˡ
ͽʲô򡭡
תͷ˿ԼʦܣҲڿ촽δǿ˵ҽʲô
Ժ˵̫˶Ҷģһͻػֻ˸ʾһ̸
ؼҶӦ£Ҳûٶ˵ʲôֻߵﾲվšվԱȴҲˣҹӶе㲻ӦѾϰ˳ֵĻأôƻ˸һ
˶ۻأжǳ̾һֻ»Ҫ׽ŵ飬ȻصѾ˶ƣ׽žͲƲŲˡ
ҶϸϸѯһЩ׽ŵ֪׽ǵ֪־ֻһɽ֮⣬ɽһʦһʦãȻеֻһ㣬Ҳֻһ׽ʽ㲻ʲôֵ
Ȼ˵ɽһʦ֣ΪλֵĲ죬Դɽλʦ־Ҳûֹ˵һŭ֮ˣҲ˵Ǳɽˡ
Ժܶ࣬ΨһԿ϶ǣλʦ֡ɽʩԮ֣ҲΨһܳɽԵ׽ż⵽ŵһ̡
޷Ȼɽ书࣬ɽҲ壬һҲûʲôӰ죡οȵλ̨¶ʱ򣬱׼ǼλѾɽˡ
书ɽʦıɽǿ̫࣬ôᱻûӰ书Ϊʵò֮λҲȥ洳Щɽѿ
˻ãҲֻһͷڹˣ
ȥҶ˽ۣȹӣֻ׽ҵӣɽţ׽˵ɽ䲻ݣ
ѩüʦ֣ô˵ôǾú׽ſսʲôԣֻɽɻںְţְĻϻſ˵ɽϣֻҪִٰʱ˳Ҷһͬǰ
ʱ׽ſսƺеβѹ̬֮
ҶȴЦʦ÷ģ׽żյս˳Ҳ̾鷳ˣҲçײײľɽƵû׽ŵɽִܻʱ򣬵Ⱥ۵˵һΪϣҲҪվ׽źôҲǽִ֪ҲЩ˰źϲ϶ݻɱ˵£
ô죿
ô죬׶ⲻ˴һʱֱӽܣȺǰĶ˾ˣ
ɱ
ҶһԵĻأȻ˵ҪֱǾɽһԺгɣǰȥȡǣ
°ͣͻȻʵִʱɽʦ֣֪ӽѣô죿
ҶĹЦܵ˺ܲɽֲһټһɽأ
ҲΪŵıеʱ֪ǸҲֻܸͦΪûܡˣȲ˵Ҳ첻˽Ϊһ֮ȫҲ͵ھ˵°뱲ӣǷ˴뱲ӺмܵʱԼֱܷ˶ϲ
˵˵ͣͣ㽫˸ţΪɭڣԽƽȥæɢ֮£ɽ׽ڴʱʽվ˶ϡ
͵ĴѾɣζһͨѾǿ쾳ĺֻ֣ǴȻˣ˿ȴûȫڡ㺮˵ֻʱˣڿԵĴԼ٣ٹһʱȬ
칫ⲡ̫ãһʱĺõġϧһһֱ֮Ӿ˽ۣȻ칫ӵڹܹЩˣΪ̫ãθ칫񹦣ҲǼ¾ܺõģ칫ӵڹȷǿ֮ζֻͨҪȥòⲡȻҩ
ꣿôãҶҲû뵽޳ҲȬκ͵Ĳ⣬ܹĿܡ
ҲΪ⣺κþͲˣѣգ۱ȥˣ
һ룬ͷЩɽɹĺóԵĺãҲһݹ᾵ģʱ⣬Ƿ˿Ҳһ˿ٴһϺٲȻһɷ֮ˡ
Ȼ칫ʲôؾͨʱⴿбȫǲҲǿֱȬģ
һЦЦҾȻȬҪͻȻ˲ָĿܴ٣
Ҷȴ٩һ䣺ʦܲԷƱʦƾʦֺҳԹӶܹǵˣֱ̤ԲľĿܸһЩ
Ҳʺ˲ϣ֪С˦ˣ
һСʫ飬ټĲ֮Ȼɽ˴书˻һʥҳ֮²סǣֱӽڹһ
Ȼ˵㴴ˣ˵ëȴҲ˹ٴܹĽ㾳磬ʱҲǰ˲æġͺԼԼ˷Źҧһġ
ѾģⲻǴ˵еǹ⻷ôϸϸҶķ͸ִ˵еġǣҴֱһ䡮ұ𡯾ֱ죬һɽĺɡ
ΪԼҲͻΪ¶³ɽɵˡ
ĪʵܵĳǵС˵У
ԼԷݶµҶºţֱһСˮƷߡ
ʦһģκѩལڹؼ׶Σڶʱڽ繮̣պɣԳǴ£ѩ޽ˡҶ֪ò׿żʱԼǰȥ߶ţںԾ˭ҲûУԼݶ档
˵֪ԼȥˣҲĳмĵʿܹɧ
ˣ
ǰ½մһ׵ɫȹҹƮͺƴŮҶĪڵң
ҶҲֻ˵˾䣺ݶţʲô
ЩӣҶ춼ܲݶˣò鿴֪ǻ¡⻪Ṧȷʵ֮ҶΪǿ࣬淢ֲˡסڸڵͺѩûвĵ
ڣҶҲ˯ôŮˣԷʲôÿֻһȻͻȥʲôҲûɹҶҲȥˡ
ֻǳҲǸ飬ղʸ˵ְʲôԵҪ
ЦһʲôǽҶŷĵģ
ģ
ݶȥ赸ƫûзµƬûгκһ˿ҶŲܵ˼ʲôͼıô˼ҸɴƤ´ţýҶŷģ˵ſ˫ת˸ȦҿʲôûŶ
Ҷû뵽Ȼô𰸣ǲˬ˭ҲܲˡԭֻͽŮܱȷɽΧתʱʱҪܵɽҪõĶࡣ
ǿһҲޣŮʵ̫óôĥˣҶĴʱѾеܲסñ
ǻǳ˵ɣȥû˼ҶĻ˻еľƺ滹һľˮһ죬ҹΪɽɣҪʲôǲ˵ĻҲõֶα˵
˼ҺŶ½˫ۻǰһµӣɫȴһЦ֮ˣ΢΢ǰһЩ֪ҶŻЩʲôֶأ
Ҷһߣм֮ɫҲĪҪˣЩģ֪ѾһʱûбˣҲͺѩ˼ҲûʲôӦðɡ
ȻЩͲ˵ˣֻǻҪ˵Ҷֻһӵ˼Զʵݵģ
±⼸仰˵ɫ쳣ѿ˵첻˵಻࣬ɬɵĽҲղŴݲȵӡ
å
˰죬¾ֻôһ仰ֻǴ˻һζһǻ°ˣΪҶķңⱾӦ˵ĻȻ˳
Ҷȴ⣬ֻǵ˵ͷóƺţ
¸ֻ˾䣺㻹ƾӽ
ӽ͵ôӶֱͲǰ֮⣡ԼְֶΪûʲô;йص顣ŭԾӶֳ˳ǲ⡣
ȴ֪Լһ²⻹ˡ֪ŭºǺ⣬ʱˣɫһ䣬ȴԼʹֶҲûҶİݵԼȹ£ѵռ˱һ¡
Ҷļңʤ׷ϣɵĶԹƽ˾֪˵ɽﶺûͼ˭Ҳţǲ˵ˣ
˵ֲ˾䣺϶㻹д˻ϼҲ御Ҳɽʲôë
´ʱ̣һߣƫߣɽǸׯԺʱʱܸʲôġ
ɵǷͬ⣡
ƾʲôɽֲҵģ
ҶЦ𵱳ҽԼɽĵ͸Լɽɲҵô
㻹û˵ɽҼҵģĩ˻˾䣺еģ
û뵽Ȼôһ仰¸գ˵ͻȻԼȻҶǣűˣ̱տڲԣ侲һҶǣҹ˼ңΪҵ𣿡
ָֻǰ̬Ҷ֪ջûܽ⻪û˷ִ磬޶ȥǵʹЩǿӲֶˡ
վҪͻһžƺһɣǾƺȴû£Ǹڰա
Ȼ֪Ҷһ򣬿ԸҲۼǴʱɰ̾˵ֹȤĽԽô
ҶԲҴ߻ħҺ㹻ƽͣһû״ס񣬰һ㴫˵ô
ڼ˾䣺ǻҪȰɽ²УŮ˾ȻҲ
һǾƺƮƮԺƮɣԺеǷʯ֮ϣûз죬ԳҶĶ⹦ĲԽ΢ˡ¼¶һ֣Ҳ֪ǲˣ鼱תҪѰ˼
ǡôʱҶǾ仰Цʦǲеģǲ֪˼Ҷŵķˣ֪ɲѧֹ򣿡
ҶһΣϸովЩɢ˸ɾǡڴʱԱдŮԵòҪŮˣ
δ䣬һɫƴڿй˸ֱ¶ȥ


139 
¼ɫҲһֻ֪ɽҶĹףѩͣҲͱְһЩǿһЩ
˴ǰҶĵĹ֮ѾԤϣͽʩŽĹĪҶɽԽ֣ºȻԳְＸλϡ
Ҳֻʦְпʤˣ
ˣҲû̫⣬ϾҶĵѾ¶˽ĳΣԽָ̽ʹնĻдֻҶĻɽ󹦷оԽǽʩųȥƵˡ
ѩȻҲʹʹΪˣְõϢ̫ĳ롣
ѩҲҶǰ㡭ѷһҲǸĻϢ
Ҷĵһʱ򣬾ԷŲ˵ºѾʹãֻǹ׾ȱˣҲסҶģŭļ̽Ҳû̽ҶĵĹ򾿾жΨһȷǣʱҶ¶ʵͿǼ൱ʤһ
ּҶĵҶĵû֣Ȩ桪ж۸ߡԳҶʹ׹мܲ˼УԼԻĶдһʹͻᱻǽնƬ
ǿѧɽɽҶһǻð죬ٶ༸ѩὣҲ˶١
аתṦҪǵɫû뵽ԼһǽȻת˸ֹԼ
ǰƴתϮʱֻ⽣ֻת۱ѾǼޣ뵽⽣ȻҶĵĽƺΪͬҶĵֱֱȥûʲô仯ȻдֵʱԳྫȴ˾ʹϵľ仯ȴǲ
ֻǿҲҪʲô仯ҶֻҪָ̧һ㣬ԷǱܲȥ˳ɾҪ޵
ѩȴȫȻͬɫĽϸתȥΪ鶯¾չṦòײŶ˹ȥΪ̫ãѩΪǽɢ˿
ѲĽѵɽɲֻһŽѧ
ֻһ¾Ƴɫ֮֮ɫôһֲѣйҲǴĲͬ
ɽɾȻôྫǿ֮ѧְžǶǴǰְֻһ˵ɣжǿɳִЩھܽˡ
Τô룬½Ҳô룬ǲŸҴҡڵֱӴƽݶûΡȻ֪ɽʵƺԼǿһЩΤҲ̫û£ȵԼѾ̫ˡ
˹ŭСĽһֱɽɵʵôһƽȵ״̬Ϊһ̽ʵóһɽɳҶʵǿᣬ߽ԲΪǵĽۣ¿ŭˣҴ
ûȥһˣ
´뿪֮ͷһԾɿ⣬Цŵ˼һƬģѰҶЩǰԵֻǲ뾹ȻҶˣȻҶ˲׼˼ҶҵţСŮֻȻȥˡ
˵ɣǱѩҶĶǺŸѩΪʲôȻض˵һָ̧ٷųѵѵŮˡ
ҶļѩϢ٣֪ղһѾĹѩĹһ̧֣ʦûûŹϰɣϢһ
˵⻰ʱ򣬼ûпѹҲûʹܵķţҹ˾˶˸
Ҳ˸ֻȴûϲϷ͵һ䡣
Ҷĸǰװ׵˵֪ⷬѩŹûɣǾƾ̡
һѩ⹦򼴽ɣԼϢȥȵӦѩĹҲѾˡ
ǣҶĲ׼Ϣͳȥ
߻˼ҶĻôֻǰӰһҶͻȻȻûӰӣ²ֻĹȴӰֻͷһѹƿձʶҶľȻͻȻϰգҪԸƵ͡
бգɻԾṦǷṦʲôϿڿת֮ǾԲôġһգ˾ֻܱôһ׸
ҶȴЩҲ̸Ṧ֮ڿת磬ֻʩչǲܣһͳ˵Ӵˡ
Ҷͬʱʩչһ󼱵㣬ֻת˲߰˵˳ȥṦǰԶдƴŲҪЩдͷ¼
Щд϶˻õҲǴ֮ҶԽָȥԭǵʱ󣬲ҶͻȻ˹һֲ
ʱʩΪҲǿסֻǽԶЩдȻסɢľҲܵˣһɫӲǱ߰˵ӣ¶Ƿ·ӳ¹毺ü
¶ȴϾ˼ֻһֱԼؿڶǲܣдͱǰ˸һɶʱֻĿԼ
˵ʱӦػ棬ʲôСʱļ䣬ѧյļԼҶദʱļ䶼Ҵһ飬ǻȴֻô߰Ķ룬ϾѸޱȣֻǲоͷǾѾ
ϣֻȫһ𣬻Լؿڣ㶵˵˾䣺û£ͷԼ޷תȻ޷˹ʱˤ䡣
ʱͷ£ˤʵɣǵûҪҲһԽѡ³òӹһĿϾôȥҪ˹ȴ޷ţͻȻеһᣬ˾ȻҶĴᱧסȻƮƮ䵽˵ϡ
ھסһǰ㹦ʹģ
ԭһҶһָŵľǻµѨλֻҪţܳھ书ס
Ҷĵ徭Ķϰ֮ҲǿޱȡֻҪԼӱͨ뵽˹ķţҶڹܹķƽݻûĵ
ǰҲǾ㡣Ҷ뻪½֣֪джôҲ֪ṦΪס·ߣԽƵз
ˣԴаܵҲѣ˱ҶľԲôҪٿǵһ˽Ͳ֪һĲϳֻҪֻǴ׵СҶĵָ˳ɶ㲻
˵һжҶļ㵱Уֻû˹Ȼݶˤеϣ㹦⣬ɺôҲϰ֮ˣվݶվסɣĵ¼ҲʹṦܻһƬϱȥʱȻ⣬ˤȻΪ档
ƮƮڵϣѩϴĿʦֻ뱧ʲôʱ򣿡
ҶʶԼŵϱǰһŮˣһǳ׵Ϊɿ˫־ٵࡪڻ»᲻ֱˤȴܲˣˤС
Լһ֣Ϲţ۲֪ʲôʱϣʱҶɿ֣ҲûмǰȴĹϣһ˫Ϊ˲ռ棬һ֧ס˴βܣ
ѩɫڣ̧־һȥκλҶĲ֣Լһ˵ʦֿɾ鷳ˡ
ҶĽĸ첲һקȻԱһӣû´ԼĲɱ㣬Ȼף
һվԼ˾䣺ΪӣѵͽСŮӣҲ֪Ϊ˼ڵһ
ֻƮƮһתȻ⣬书赸ĵӣһȦתĵʮ㣬˳㽫Щ¶Щһ£㿴˼ҺúһȹŪӣ
ҶĻ˻֣Իһף
ǲ֪ҶŷסСŮһΪΣĪǡ˵סС죬һ޵ĿҶġȷҶĲɱûѹȻǾ̬
ΪˣȻ͵Ʊɾѧڹ֮꣬㲻ɱˣֻٲҪɽסЩӡⲻҲ˻ϵ˼ô⣬ΪֹҳײԼŽһסҲģ
ʵѩҲ֪ΪҶĻҪ⻪£֪ΪסѩҲǴӱ֮ˣϸһʦΪλôˡ
˵˵ȥΪͻȻ֣¶ĿǰĹɽɺְ˳ͻʵһְֱɽڰɽְܹ̽սְȴֻ֪ҶǸ֡
ѩͺòгɣΪãƫ⻪֪ȥŹҪְ棬ʱǸʲôǲ֪Ȼܲصһսһ֡
⻪סȵִʱְＴ֪ɽɵʵҲӦ䡪ϾܶһЩֺ֣ǰ鱨ȥִᣬ˵׼ͻ˳ϸ
סʳһӦ׵Կɽɰס£⣬Ϊ˷㻪ڱһΪ䱸ѾŮ
˵ĺ˼ҵİɣ´ʱǰ󾭹˵Ҳǲ
ҶĲֻǸһĻЩը˷ΣֻҲûӦ֮ͻȻݵ˼Ǳǿǣֱ㿴ӣǷ㲻ܼˣô˼ңɽ˼ô
תֱдڣԾԱ㣡ҶĲŲŮ˻ȥɱأ
Ҳû뵽ôһ仰Ȼ˰죬ҧ촽޺޵˵˾䣺Ҷģݣ
˵תҪطκθҪȴְ㹦Ҳʹֻܷ޷޵߳Ժӣ
ߣ
ûӰ֮ǰصĺһҶĿЦãֻڨЦһȴɫѩʦŹҪץˣĻ⻪ʲôֶδѶҲ̫
ʦ֣Ǿôǻϣûô
ҶЦЦ⻪ϲŲôֻ˳ˣɽҲˣȻ֪Ǳְˡֹһ䣺ֻܼ£Ӧˣ
ѩ˵ͷȻ˵˼ԼطϢȥˣǸһ׵Ĵֻܵհȥ޲
ѩطҶתҲ˵˾䣺ʦҲ˯ɣѾˣ
һ䣬ͼǱߵĴ󿪣;ôһֱڴߣʱ׼Ծ֮ʵֻ̫;Ȼ˿ԾûУֻЦŵ˾䣺ʦ鷳ˣ
ν⣿
֮ʦֺǻԶˡ⻰˵ʱѹҲᱻѩȥʦûﶼôдô
ҶȴѩķһƳȻŵҪԣֻɱǻ¶Աûʲôô
һҶĴΪˬ˯ľȥһӣ޾Ӧֱֶӽʹ򿪵ȴָϣ˳㻹˾䣺㻹ǸϽô̵Ѿͷɣ
ȴֱӦ˾䣺ν̣޼ˣֻܽ΢ĸĽϰŹͷڹɷܶ಻ʺŮĵطֻҪûˣ׼أ³⣬ôϰ
˵ͻȻʵֻǣʦͬѧɽɵľѧ˰ΣȴҶĻشֻҶĻȥˣͱҲֱ˯
ȴ֪ҶĴʱվ㶵߶ţȥǲ˰˻ΨҶôǽСͣѵҪɽͯѰ


140 ɽ
֪ǲùˣЩҶٻĶûʲôãмԴӡ
鵶ԸƽЩҪڰɣʽͺáǵһףԼǱ̫ŵֱó
ٱǧʮʽôõôһأ˵ڵΪӦûõһεĹ򡣿ȥҪ죬ɴͲˡ׽Ǻʲ
Ѿǧжһеľ磬ʲô־ʹһһЩӦﵽԼЧҶĵӰ£˵¾Ž˼
ȻΪҶʱʱԼʦܻιвеĽϲֳڣһѾɣֱ֮ҶģٲȻѾɽɵڶ֡
֮ԭĶ಻̤ѩ޺ṦҲͨʩչѾ̤ѩ޺ۡһΪ԰ԼṦɣŪһɳȻ漲Ȼû°ӡ
ҶĹֻ֮˾䣺֪ǰͽʲôľ硭
ԣҲѣκͽĿھԼҲû£Ҳ޴ֻܸ̾һ䣺ڲԼҵطȥˡ
֮⣬ҶĻһƣưƣԭҲһԸƵƷȥֻɾͺƷڸǡ
ȻƷͲʮƣڽʮ֮£仯֮ΨһҶĵһƷ仯࣬ǹǷܷϰľͨ
ڱ仯ٶ࣬ҲԸΪǹܹƷΪֻȡоҲܹĵһǿƷ뵽ҶľԼƺԶЩؽûϰ꣬ʱ¹Բʡ
ҿɲǽ߹֣ѧһԵĽüֹ򴫸ⲻԽѧԽԺ𣿡˼ˣûóֻԼϰһ֮ȳдһ׸ֻպ󽻸
⼸ʣµĸΪᣬһҶޱȵۣɫӵȻҲð˳
ⰴԭĽһּǱӶǿսĶҪԭеĽͣǿȵĸߵǸÿ˶ǱնȵĶ̸֡ÿ˵ǱôͬԭкܶණҲ޷ϵܹ͵ͨ򵥵˵һϵҸѧݽĵ͡
ָ֪ν͵ģ
º棬෭һ£һףԭؼµ޲һЩBUGҪһ㣬ǸνշǱĶ屻޸ġ
һһţȻͣȡȻٷ߱ﵽһѭϵ
ԭİ1%100%ĻҲõ˱ҸޣҲ˸Ķ塪ҲǶžնȶʲôǱ
ҶĶʵǺܴѵģ뽫ޱǿᣬܵǹһôˬ飿κϵɫһƵ⡪ǿԣ
ٸӣҶôԭеϵ˲ɷֽȻЩϰٷѭֱЩľ
ȻԽϵǿĲΣҶԭһǳ׵ıˣ
֮ã֮ϧ߰ߣ
ؼɫһҶǹϣȻһѪȷ硣ǻͷ룬ɽƺûκκôϾɽҪƽķչֱӽսʱ
ʵûдﵽ൱̶ȵʱ򣬽һ£ΪҰļҵĿ꣡
ͷҶֻרơԼ·ɽ֮ʱĵãЩҲѾһЩκȫͻӣʱҪѰһʱĸоһ򵥵顣
ֻһһ䣬ͬʱָͣϻȥǲ±ײײĻָܿһĨҶ󷭶ڿһɫ֣
ּҶе仯֮£ԽдԽУҲ͸˽һ֡ǰϰ֮ϼǿϸ΢ʱϣĶࡣ
ҶţܹȫоԼٽһĴﵽɽֵǿ̶ȣǽƾһżм
ãγԲ磬ﵽľ֣ؼ档ֻҪԼͨ͸ڵĹҲЩһս·硣
񣡡
Ҷüͷ벻ͨôͻĵأȥóһۡڲ࣬ԼһбſڲһֻܶණǱܵľʹ˳ȵûǹоͷȻдˡ
ѧһȻҪһģ˵ͨ˾һִûӲִҲκνˣ
뵽˴ҶҲԼڣ׻û磬Դ߰Ķ̫࣬Ľǰִţƾһ㣬ԼʦúͶȲϡ
ϸ룬ԼÿνΪе´ﵽһΣĵһģȡĴ󽵣ͻƾͲǰˡ
֪һ£ȴһ£
ָоĲô֪ȴûҶƢҲЩϰǵķƽľϰһЩԵĹ̬²̾Ҫ߻ħˣ
ʶãͣĲյɽתתȥҪƽһľͬʱּǾòϰ̫ȭ
˵һľƽ١̫ȭԴԼгɣϷ˺̶֮Ҳû˷ʹѾûʲôôˣȴһ⾳ͷ
ʱ̫ȭػأתתȵһȭ꣬Ȼˬ̩ͨ
⹦Ժܶ£Ǹö̫ȻûʲôսϵĹЧȴǼϵѧ֮ɣҶϰǵڹ̫ȭպӦ
֮ʱҶľ̫Ҳȫս̫ȭʽʵϾЩҪ˾ʹͿĵĽ仯෽һ̫ȭ˵ġ
Ҷĵѧʱֻѧ˼ƣ˾ʽҲãȻᡣ˱ԣѧ׾ٽ̫ȭȭ̫ȭȭҵ໥Ҳǲˡ
ֻȴ½ۣϾ̫ȭܹպ侫ڣҶóĶȲȵԭ棬Լ֪
ôʲôֲȭʤ
泩࣬Ҷתȥͣ뿴ǱǸʲôԴʹӦ̵غ󣬻ؾͿʼɽɵĹԭЩӣʱѧյǲôӸͼ״ֱӾͽ޸ĹĴ𹦽̸
⹦򾭹Ҷ෬޸ģʲôһŲ֪ˣҪ
ҧҧ촽뵽ɽɣԼȥѧգοһɵɾѧ뱨ǾҪЩֻڱǣ
˵ͷؿ϶ĵҪѧ
͵˵ͷȻ⾭Ҷİ˻ΨҶ𹦴ڸ˻أȻԼһԻ֣⡣ڴ˹ԭ𹦣ֻҪͻţҲѣֻҪ״;𹦽ס
Լ޸ĺĴ𹦵ݸҶĿ֮ҶֱӾ͵˹ȻԴ𹦣ѾǴƫƫְԵޱȣѾǴĲˣɴ˻ΨҶ𹦺ˣ
֡᲻̫Ե˵㣿ͷֶãֻ⹦̫Եע⡣
ҶȴΪ⣺Եãο޸ĺŹǰԵףԵԵó˵ͼʦܣΪɽһɹ
ͲԼʦʦöĵ㶫Ժһɽɵ伮ʱͨƪҶҶҶҶ
Ϊ񹦵ļѧͨͨҶʵ̫Щ˻ΨҶ𹦱ʾ⣬ҶĻལʦõ֡⹦򾭹ѩѾΪͬĳҲ޲ɡ
ʱѩϣŹ򻽸֣˶⡣ʲôལ񽣡֮ͨͨˡ
ΪɶͷǵúîˣҶĶڼֶΪ⡣
ɫĶֻĵ߹ʦһ޹
СкҲɫİɣҶĿɫ뵽ľȻǳԵģѩΪɴ಻ʦֻ֣Լȥ롣һֱ뵽Ҳû뵽֣ǸѩйʽдؼȻֻܱལ
Щѧؼ񶼱ҶһȻԼϡɽĿǰķΪȫŵ𴦷˲ڵûгɳ֮ǰؾʲôֻһƣ
ʱ߹ת۾͵죬Ҷľһʱ¿ʼһټɣֻϰһư㹦ûҲУʱҲδ٣ֻţȾö֮Ȼˮʯ
ѩľڳȹһ˵ǿޱȣмλչȥȴѩһɫ߰Ľ¾ͲҹȥԶԶġ
˵ԴӱҶմɽҲȥȴûйʲôԹ֮ʡҶĲɽȴûֹɽߣյĹȥ˵㻨ְԼס໨䡣
˻ܵҶסԺҶҪҪҲԺЩݲݵĵ飿
ʱ书ҶȻҪֻ鲻Ӧ
֪ҶϲԼǰЩʲô
Ҷ룬ȴǶȤζֱӵ˾䣺ֵȻˡ
һ㵣Ȼ
ǣţҶȻԼ׳ƣȻֻȴûôУҺǵô˻ʲô
Ȼ֪ǣţ⻨ƺʲôŵĻ䣡ΪһЩͨϲһѡؼ⻨ӿҩֵĶ˻ҩ̻ЩͭǮ㲻УҪʱҲֱԼá
벻ͨҶĵȤζôô֣֪Ҷᵽ˲֪ȥʱ͵͵ˬ
ҪΪõķǰЩô
ΪŮˣԻ³ֵʱѩ϶һԣƲʦֶĻᡣϾµһ䡮ҪҶңɱ̫ǿѩʵԷĵ¡
ʦֻ֣ŮʲôֶΣҶռЩȻҶĸ¾ͲýˣԻԼŵĺá
ʱѯʣⷽ治׵ѩҲ֪ôشתͷȥҶġ
Ҷļ״һЦȴһĵʦЩպˣ
ѩҶĵ⣬ǻ¾ȻҲֻŶһûҶЩȣתһ룬ⱾǸ֮ҲοսһֻǸ硭һԼĳЩ뷨ϵȷ̫аˡ
Ҫ͵͵߶һȻʼѰ˼ԺʦԼ֮⣬߷֮»᲻ֱӸԼնݳ


141 ̶
ϲֻȥ֣еܱѰ˼һЩ߰ǿȻյƤ»ΣҲôˡ⣬¾ͲյʱҶ˵Ҳ΢Щ
ȻҶĵʱֻǶȤζʹȻȵǣţǰ֮ȻĲͬһ̧ܿɫʰ쵵Ļܱȿտյ泩
ҼҶŶɫƫã⻨Ҳѡɫģ
ǣţɫм֣ıɫͷɫ⻪¾Ȼѡɫ֣ҲΪġ
ֻҶֻǡӣһ򶼺ֹҹҲ֪ǸʲôԵɣֻõҶɫûʲôرƫãֻǡϰ԰ˡ
һЦ˼˼ɫȹҶŻأ
˻һɱ֣תͷһѩȻɱۣǵɫȴָŻ¡
˵أֳԴ
⼸ɽԵ÷ǳƽڻ±һ£ְҲ֪Ĳ֪黹£Ȼƾɽסˡ
ҶĻ£ְܻɸѯһ°ɣ뵽ȫȻûУǵҶĲԾ˾䣺ְĳô
ڻǷʲôֶδϢЩӻµסʱʱ˼ӣܽϢͳȥҶҲֻһ¡
ôְûˣ¾ôһֱסʱˣҶҲŮ˵һЩϰ˽⡣
һЩ򵥵ĻȻĴתתβ͡ȻżȥŵĹ㳡ۣ֪أֻǿתߣյʱǾԲԱŵġ
⵹Ҳʡ˲鷳ҶıѰ˼ϰĹȥҲ޷ЩǳĹ򼴱㲻͵ԻµΪֻҪּΣЩģ³šڸ˾Ʋġ
ȤǣҶķֻϲĲ˭ʲô򣬶һЩĻߴ¼ȭŵʱƵĽζԼʦõĽֻǳһ㲻ȥˡ
Ȥأ
ôʱһֵЦݣȻٴν⳶ҶϣķչһǱǣ¥ˣ
Ȼ²˵ҶҲͲʣɼԼȻȥʱǹû졣
Щȥƣǹɺǰһ޶첻Ĵ󲿷һƬֻ͸磬ֻ˼Ҳûˡ
ڹͻȻǹƺ΢һ㣬ȻֲԱ߾Ȼһ̹Ĵһԡ
û͵ˣ
֪ʲôʱģԼʱҲûϸơ߹˼ۣҲᷢںϵĹӡ
ǹӼҶҲ֪ôģǹţֻһ͸Ƕ룬˳źֱͨθķ֮УҶֻûһ飬¡֮ʱһһ㡣
ǿĺ
ֻһţҶľ͸о˹к֮ʢԶʳõЩСĻƺ˵
ľ飬˵˳֮ȵĹӡȴǿ֮
ɻӱȥĲ鿴Ѱ˼ţֻͨһȻһ̵̱Ĺӵǡ˽űߡ
ҶһһҵúãȻȥǿŹһƣ⡣
ֻԭǿŹӣƺɫ˼֣ͬʱмĹҲһӣȴȫҶתȦһ飬һעĵطһŹϵĺɫȫȥֻһ㲻۵ĺɫ֮ɫԶʤӣҶѾΪ
ĪǡҶԼϵ뵽һܣ֮һֻܵһӳ죿öȥеȫųɣ
Ҷ°δ֮һÿνֻ࣬һ죬ǲǳǹһӵϡвûа֮Ũޱȣ˵߰Ķ
ȻҲǾۼ֮֮Բ֪ǿС٣ǺҲҳӣºһֱͬҪС
ҶĲ֪ԣ˾ȣȻüͷ˼ͣȴѰ˼ܷúһӣУԼ˵Ĺ֪Ҫ٣ϾֲмʮأһһҲ֪ҪԼꡣ
ŹӻصסǡѩҲӷгΪ˹̾磬Ǻȥĵˡ
ֻԴ˽֮ȴûзԭ޵ĽƽʱһѳȥСʱҶĻӣҲ֪ʲô˾䣺ʦִժӣһƣһƬȻĹӣ
ҶĶ˶ӵƵȥǺö̺֮ʢԶǱʦóԹ˵С
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ѩǹӡļѣǶʵǾ޶֮ʱҶ˵ǱСõŵر̾ҪһЧ
ֻǿǵʦģʦֶûԣһƺáҶĹӾҪȥμִᣬǼʵҪͷȺöǽҶıȽϺá
ҶƺҲƳѩҪӣֻģ˾䣺һûԹҲ֪к޺һ˵ãٸʦһ
ѩԣ֪ж޶ǲ֪ԼʦҪԶ뵽˴ѩ󲻷ģڱʦ֣ɽʵҲˣдУжѽ⣬⣿
Ҷһ뻹ô£ԼЩЩΣյ⣬ƺѾЩǾ߱޴ΣԵġСǽ躮֮ž޴ΣԣֻЩΣԶ֪ġ
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ѵЩӹ̫˳ôȻûоԣ
뵽˴ǲҺˡֻޱȣ⺮֮ǿʵͣ˵̫֮ϧˡ
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ѩһһͻȻڵ԰ɣ
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Ҷֻһ㶣̱ҡͷֹУ۹ұȲʦܣо޴ԣİȫ
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˵ţͻȻһᣬȻʹʩʩȻ˳ʦںʦʲôأôҲ֪ܲܳԡ˵ſھһҧֻһҧ֮£ǹ֭Һڼ亮ҶԶҲܸо
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ʵҲ࣬͵ĹôҶѩĶԻ֪·Чҳԡһתһҵ඼ҶĴڣЩĶҲҶһȷʹòŻްŽǣиҶҵֱ֮ṦǹӶ˹ͳȥ
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˹Ѿ㹻ǿᣬֻƬ̱ɢѩȻ״˻ȴҶ˵˵ЦЦֻ΢һ£תֻ
գһͱʦˣɫÿʲǱѩͱƳ״ʱ˫ϣϸһƬ࣬ȦһƬҰ֮ʬ粻Ƿӵģ
ҶĵûʲôʲԼ˹ͽѹȥûöҲһպÿ⺮Ҳɡ
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ҶһʦܹȻֿһģ壬˹ûʲôë档
Ѱ˼ţֻͻȻֵֻҽ⺮ںȴٳˣ⺮ǿᣬֺ˿ңӦֻܾºҪǵõȷβȬ˲ſɣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷѯһʹȥЩʣʵͲǲԴ𹦻Щʣκڱкĺ̫ǿᣬԷģԲҶİæ
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һ˷ãѹƺһԷڵЩȻ֮˲еľ
ȴѩΪΣһ޷˻⣬ֻܻ޷ˡ
Ҷ룬ʣȸʦóԣѹƺʱҪӣͺѩʵɽɸϾֺһǿȫͬĸ
׼ûҲùԼ˱ûһеľһܵ顣һҲܾ׽ţҲһ
ֻϣܸڳǰ


142 װ
ѩеĺ˳˳ĳҶĵУӦµģΪԵĿá
Լƾ蹦񲻻ʲô⣬ǿ˵СҲܿܿס
ѩӦΪǳԵһֻʵϲˡ
ڷȻҶİʦѹסЩ֮ȵķ֣ǿԵЩӰ˵ĶȫᱻżһߣȻԷֹĶⲿϢиÿиһ־һ֣˵ֱӻ
һҶҪĽһӦͬʱĳЩ޷Ϣѩͽɾһ¥ͬʱûҶĳּΡ
˴֮ҶֵԼԷһڶ˸ϸ˽⣡
̺ǿẮʡԼȡԺصؾ
УѩİΪѩʺͶز֮⣬ǺҲһķָȫתɽ˵ЩؾִĲƷˡ
ͬʱѩĽܽذסɢȻһ뽣һ壬Ͳʲô˺Ҷİһ¾ˣ
Ǵ˵еһ򷨣
ȻֻҶڵ²ֻۣиལǿˡ
ԵڶľͣȻֻȡеؾΪãǺȴҲȫôԽźȼԼĴЧȺвй֮Ͼֱ봿档
΢鷳˵㣬ҶĴЭ޳ʣסأȻѹƺȽɾȻٻⶾأ뺮
һûǾɵģ
ҶĶ󷴶ͣ
ȣغȻ£ҲѲǶҲû֮䵥ֻҪǽͷų⡣ָ԰쵽һ㡣
Ȼ󣬺ҲãⶫķѾ仯⣬书ΪޡΪѩĽԷֽתΪҲ뺮ǶԣԼС
ҶĵɻմȾЩ߱Ĩɱ߱Ƴ⣬֮ڣ谭ûκ档
󣬾ҶƵǸؾˣⱾǹΪ󲹵ĶκͲƫһ֣ܹҶõľֻһ֣߳˿Ҳֻ²һСˡ
֮ӶѩǴ󲹣ҲǲƷҶֻС棡
˸࣡
ЩӣҶȥȪٶҲԶ統Ѿﵽһ൱ĳ̶ȣԺֻƾʱۣ統ǰѸޱǲܡ
ǰʣµĹӣҶ˳˼
ոշһѾͶԼЧ»ʣԼƺе˷ˡ
ѩոճһãȻѾڻв־ûȫʱٳҲá
ǻںͺţɫȻǿ࣬Ҳ㲻ϺÿлкʱҲʺٳˡ
Լͽܣ̫Сʱִ֮ﷴǺǣʲô
ƽɭǰЩӲſʼ̶̤Զ˵ṦԾʯڣֻʯϵҶ˦һ㣬Ṧǿһ󣬾ͿԽϾڣӶȡ
ھеĺأҶĿʼԼǿţѩ¶ʼԼԽĿȪۡǹӵܣɭƽ˸ڶ޷Ȼ塣
ٸӣƺûбҪΪú˵ٶѾﵽһޡ
ţ
Щ룬ƺҲӦȥд޼˼ϼ񹦷У޼ֵĹʺֻȫķԼܵˡ
أϾؼڱκλص˳
޸ĳİ˻ΨҶ𹦱ϾѾ͵Ĺкֻܶеȵܷ֡
⹦ҲС˵ԭеװ˻ΨҶ𹦣Ȼ޽ӽеһףɼˣҲն͵ĳƷֻһһʱ߻ħΣգʱԼ·ߡ
ڸ뿪ߣ²һ߿һ߻ħУֻʱţ̱ûֹͣ
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Ϊ⣬ûнЩ鷳֮ǰҶĲ׼ӸҪԣҲõͽװ˻ΨҶ𹦳ƣʱ򲻻ٳ֮ٸ
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ȥԼͽʱûҪĽΪԭ֪Ӹˣֱܷһ͵ĸֳ
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ɭ츳ԲԹѷһЩȴΪյȥṦȴƽǿࡣ
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143 
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һ뵽ҶľеЩ䵱ɽʲôģԲıȲ˵ͨĳҲñXXɵĲƲԳϡ
ѯһ³һң֪Ҳһ޶ڡɽɵȴɶԼУǴʲô֪С
һЩ׽ŵҲиԵĶϴλɱ׽ŵӣս׽֣һֱʶҲһܵõĶ׽ŵĵӣһþŵ㣬𲻡
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ʱ˼̸һɷεɫΪɫͬʱΪźŵӣŵ·Ƕ̴򣬶ŵһˮĳͲοɷΣɫã
ҶļˣȻûôིˣΪȨеģ봩ʲô㴩ʲôֻΪ˷ɽݣϴ˴ǼжҶĻǴˡƷʽɺŵӵıȽֻ·ĲֱȽƫϡ
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һȺУѩ·ǵ֮⣬ֻлΪͬŪһɫȹ첲ֲһȦȦƮƮĶдƷϻָ˹ƮƮһ󣬵ȷעĿ
Ҳ֪ǲǹָ»ϲ·ߣֻƮƮȥ󼫼ѣѰ˼˿»ΪԼռŮ
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ʵҶ֪ĵд⣬˽Ҳûһ˵ʲôӺɷ򣬲Ůȣ
ĴǸͲŮӷȻûôأǺԵզզҲֻһԿ֣Ͳʲôá
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˸˵еĿŮΡһ֪ŮƯһͿкȺ֮ˡ͡
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ȴЦٺõĶ¯ҲǸ¯Ҹֻһ㡪κٻҲжһաСѾͷԽԽˣǿս
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͵ǱȽϷɣŭҲǴӦֻǴʱˣڱбء
칫֮ţû뵽յ׼ҰŭǰֻǲպյɽɣҲϰһĹ򡣿û⣬ֻһ̰ȥϰɰˡ
鵽һֽǷ΢˵ġʱҲû̫ȥϾþǹǿοͼûʲôǿ˶֣һ򾿾ʲô̶˭Ҳ˵
֪½ǱնɱɴӴϢɱ½ŵ͵ϮҲ㲻汾¡
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뷨ֱٴμ£ɽɵʵŴΪĹۡ
˵ʲôҶĶһͽʩŽĹ򣿡ŭһӦϣҶָھƱһľ󣬵ʱԼ͸еǲָָͨоҶһذһ㡣
֮ҶֹΪɵջ¾Ȼһָ㲻ʲôҶȫԽھɷʩųȥ֮Զ
ۼԽɽɽ֣ǲţԼɽһˣֻҪɽ±ƼǴɽ֣
ŭԶ亹ѾͣҶĵΪˣ뵽սҶĿ±ԼĻҪǿᡣ
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ȴѹǺ˵ǰհѾܶǰǰڣ֪Ů˶Իϴ˴εΪŮȻû˵ʲôػ˵Ѿ̲˻Ϊˡ
ŭȴæֹס쿵ĻĪҪᣬЩӦòĵģ򡭡ʲôû˵Ҳϸ˵ֻǹŭԼְƺдҪˡ


145 Ϲ
סޣȻ񾲴ٿҶһ˵һЩɼˣմְıˣ´ʱҲҲʵס֮ء
ŭȴЦЦִÿٿŸҲҪǰһסʱҲط
˵һָԶļլԺǼլԺǱŵĲҵΪٿ˴ʢһרдЩɵģһְҲλУκΡĻȴû˵
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ֻǺһ죬ƴһӲ飬Ƴһһ̧ͷȥֻŭأվŲǰԶһһصĹͷ󵶡
ֵǺӿԼ϶һصĴ󵶣ﲻ֪Ǻãתͷֿ۷ɳԶǰصͷԾ˿ĭ˲֮ˣκνҿջԱ˰˳ȥһϣҲ룬Ѱ޴ִҲ´ˡ
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СùȻһ㣬ԸȺСɵӣӦûʲôģ֪ǱᾹȻǺһ죬һ֪ξ黨״ɵһԣȥͼƽֳֵֺᵶǡôϹĵĲϡȻֻһ˲Ѿʤˡ
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Ƚûʲô취ȫ潣ྫбһһʹǡܹסϹٱɱУʱʱܴ̳һϹƱȻһϢ֮
ֻչᣬȻԽΪȣȴĴǰסϹԼ޿κΣҲϽҲԽ׼һᣬһ̧ʹ˳
гһһŷһϹƣһʹõȷʣҶĵΪʱҲ޷ʹƯκȴ΢һЩϹƳʱ˹ȥ
һϧԼʲһ£Ϲǰһ㣬һоܽжԷʱԷ뿿ʤ֮Ǻˡ
˼һתнһ䣬ֱ㽫ĽԵֵѨʹʹ˳ĽһָĽһЩĽʦ಻ĵطҲʱˣҲѧ˼ĽԵĹ򣬴ʱԳʹҲģס
ϹƱһһһûбԷ̵ͬҲСӱϾ̫ᣬ̫٣ûǿһʹִʤ֮Էнһ䣬ȻרԼҪѨ
ʲô
һϹͻȻһֽȻȫǵ̵ҺܶתĶԲǽӦеġϾϴЩʶƬ̺Ƴһʱʷ
ɽɵĹӣ
ƽԵסãƽϳֻǴͶʦͽɽɴ˶ųҶһӽţֻһϰɣ뵽ɾȻйٱʹ
ȴ֪ǴʱŪ˳ǹҶĻܽʶʶƼҰǹķɣЩҲûҪϹƾ֪οϹƴʱһйٱ·ŪеæңЩԷѨ
òӦһЩֻûлˣҪӽΪȴͻȻһڣȻͻȻһƬϣ͵Լͬʱһƣ
ȴʹҶķԷմԼոϰɾ͵ϼһƵ˼˼
ϹվֻþϮ仹δƾǿƷ羹˺֮


147 㷢
ϹƱһ壬Ȼ㶵ĿһԼҺչ鲻ǲųé®ĳһ֮ԼӦ̱ܹһơ
ֻƣӲӵĵͷһֻ¡κʲһ㵣ԶֻƬ̼һѾĵǰϹȻˣȴվһ
ֻžһ죬ѾʵʵϹؿϣֻϹƻһƱ紵һ㶶ͣһ󾢷羹Ȼк
Ҷļ״һȣȻᡮŶһȴйؼϹȤĻΪ档
ԭһʹȫŸɵϼҲһʹϹƹڲ֮䣬ʱȫһ֮ϣȻϹϣ㲻̱ܽҲ⡣
Ϲܹ㣬ϾЩľѧһƾȻϹϣȴвپһתȻһ·һУ㱻ж⡣
ɼˣϹҲ˲ˣһ˿ѪͻȻһȣȴһҲ̲ס۵һһѪ˳磬ٲҪһ
Ϲƴ˼ŽϢȣǼѾסԼһЩҩݸϹƣӣȷҩ
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뽻ϹңǽȥҲˡԺʲô¶ˣҲԺ飬ʱǲ
˭ƽպ֮ʱ䶸СûԹϹĺܹίǰߵòǱԼţǰغӵò⣿ԼҪʲô˵仰˰Ū
ڶ֣ѰϹҴС㣬޲к˸Һ֣ϳЩűãûһϸŰͽԼ
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һҶɫһ䣬ϹҲɫ󾪣æǳһ䣺СãҪ
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ղͳ̫죬ԼûƵԼԣһ´ڼ侳ƲֻʲôɽȻеֶΣҲޣֻҪԼϹҸһ̾͵߽һҡ
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ƼӣɽҲٺһµĻëѾͷٺȥԵɽС
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ȻһֱԱߣЦеĸ˵ơѩĳĿҲһվеŹ֡
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ǻ³ǸִȺվ˳ԼһֱԻôһˡ֣Ͷ࿴˼ֻۡһǸȻʵʵȴ֮УһæĿջأһѹ̵ֽĳͽܣ
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148 湦
Ҷתһ궯ƽȴƽԽֶǸŮˡһοСĽ䱸Լʲôʲ궯ķ״ѾòСˡ
ȻŮЦһ֮һ̧֣ԼӦֻһ׼ԽӦѡɼˣҶҲǴΪ塣
Ů˵ĹȻŹ֣
ȴֻ֪ȣǸȴǴΪԾȻûԳʲôȵķӦȴӶһЩ̧֮ĶƽԼɴ磬ֻҶ֪Ů˸Լǳ
µ˶ԷͼҶҲͲĵƾŮԼԱֻ̬ǲβ鲻䣬Ҳֱһ̶ˮһ㡣
ʲ˹ѹ궯ǸҲӦԴȴʲôԷ˹ֵԼȴʼ޷Ӱ쵽Է㾰ɾ;бɫ
ֻΪŮĻκβҶıҲֹͣ˳ԣȻֺ˵һ·ջЩЪϢɣ
ֻԣҶĻ⸾ְˣֺһ䣺Ҳãϴ·ˣǡЩҲҪ˵ԱɡȻŹŭ棬Ǹȴûֺ󣬷ǺϻȻһ뿪Բֺһ·
⸾ˣʲô·
аƣȴ˼⡣֪⸾ǻµʦͬʱְҪ֮⣬Ϣһֻ֪ƾղ²ȴҲֻһƻ߿֮뷨
ְȻöԸ˼ˣǸ˾Ͷ֮ǣԼ칦а佻֣Ǵ֮Ĺ
ֻǴ󷨡ڤǲ壬ֻԽӦбǣҲֿԽԼŪԼһЩŵĹʲ˼ûκνӴԼϢᱻǣҿȻûʹȫȫ˹Ǿǿᵽʲô̶ȣ
߰Բ²⣬ǱְȴҲ̸Ż
ֺŹŭΪԼŵķ֮󣬾̸ɽ֮¡ղŮ˵ĶƵҶӦҲǿҶĵһΪѾ˴ӡֻǻӹŭϸϢ
ݻԣҶ޳һͽʩŽĹ򣬶ŽԵףǿᣬСӡ˵˹ҶԴ˹ɽ֮´ɽ֣СʱһԣϲҿЦ
ֺֻ߶һʶʶ
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Ŷ˵ҶһſʩŽĹ򻹿ԹΪɵĻôһϵƵĹ¾ͲܵĹΪˣ϶ЩΪ֪飺ĪɽɵɾѧǸָĸս
ŭԣͷһƺܴ󣬱׼ɽɵɾձһŽҪĻǸΪûɽ͵Ĺ򲢲ȴ֪ʵҲǶƹģҶѾ·󽣷̸ͣ칫ʹͬʱֻܼʹϼ·󽣡ֻһǽмܲ£ûʹ
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˵Ľ·ԽȻͬ෴ķôһͬĽһŲͬĽһʵͷ
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˵һ֣ȥȻĿ͹ŭȥֺֻĿΪӣȵӰû֮أʮˣû䣡ֻǾ˵ʲôȴֻԼ֪


149 Ž
ְ飬ɽɵȴڸϢ
Ҷ̽һ˺齿ʼٻ
ӣ˴ٻպñ⼸գһٻ̫ϣǰЩɽҲٻ˼Σǳһ߽֮Ҳû壬ֱӾյ¡
һΣͬʲô̫书ؼҲôУûǲ÷ôˡ
ڹϤĲϤĲһϵжŵõǰһƣҶ̿Ц˳
ȻûʲôõĶŻ鷳ɴ˰ɡ
ʱҹ͵֮֮ҶȡһͰȼ֮־˽ȥעⱾճɻҽˣ轫Ϩ
Ѱ˼һʲô´һЩҲЩãû뵽Ȼ˱ҪʲôãŰ𣿡
ԼڲôʢٻƵĶһ㻹ʹϣĶһЩ硶ȫ֪ι⣬һ㶼յ¡
Ҳֻһ߽ɽ֮ãҲ󷨣ҶĲܷĵĴɽ
߽˱ɽתǿᣬĪ⣬ѰֽҲмܣҲûʲô㣬ɽǺʲ½󷨴ܶȻ󴫸λӣԻɽš
ûбƣ·Բѧûйڿ̵Ҫ󡪡ԭУ䵱ȻʦͬţȴóҲȫһɿԲ´ڵϰҲûκ⡣ôҲһŸĹϰͬųҲԺϻϰ֪֮
һٵҶĸ̾ͬʱȴҲ̫⡣
ɽɵѧѾ㹻ʹãγϵ
ſϰ̫泤ȭԺ̫泤ȭλдΪɽȭͿˣɽڹ
ɺϰɷ罣廢ŵԼơԴӵ֮ҶľͽƹΪſѧϰĹˡ
ǽţԸʦͬѧø书ҶĻǸŵݶԺɽŵڹΪȫķңķԺҲٴڡȵȫķɾͺԸݸʼɽɵڹ
ϼ񹦡С๦޼Լ˻ΨҶ𹦣δƣ񹦣֮֮ԺٺͲǹܹˣҪԼϵŬ
ҶΪУֻŲſѧϰűҪѧϼ񹦣ҶĸдؼҲһףϼ񹦡֮Ƿ켫
Ҳû취ϼĵӣȻᷢʲôԤ֪ı仯Ʋⲻ
Ѳɳʲô촿𹦣๦
˼֮ҲȥˣԼ˭ô߱ؾ񣬴һֻһԾô£
ʵһŪôڹѧҲ㲻ú£·̫Ӻ׵ɷѡǺųӵʮž£ڹҲûӡҺҶٻЩ϶ҹ໥仹һЩ֮һҲԽܡ
ٵʲôڹֻҪǿĲ񻰵⣬ȥൽϵˣԽԽҶһе˵㲻Ϻ¡
⹦棬ɽǽΪɽѾ˶ŽѾ㹻ˣȭƹҲѾ١
ҶڸνôལڻͨȥߴݼǾ͸ˡ̳һȺӶͽܣŵҲǶˡԸݵǸԲͬѡ书ԺŵԽԽ࣬϶ǽ·ĴڣôԵϸϸ̵
ԣ书һڱе飬ִٿҶĿ»ɽؼѧ
ṦϣѾǾѵṦ޵ƷһĶٶҲá
ǬһҲһɫҲɽɵһԶ̹еļܡϾ˶Ҷĺѩʹý˵еġοǬһĹɱȽҪԶ
ڹˣҲˣƷҲУṦˣַˣҶһһҪĳϵͳ书ɽѾˣ书ٶ෴鷳ԺٵµؼȴҪ˼һپòóˡ
ͬʱؼġҲܲôɣԼʱʱʹһ书Ӳ֮˵Ŀ졣Ѿ㹻򣬱㲻Ҫͷˡ
ֻǰٻǱ®ɽԡĵԺֻǵõǲڲˡ
ͰһɢҶļһûʲôûվĲֱ֣ȷճ˻һңŽͰŻԭȻ򿪴ɢɢζϢȥˡ
գҶĽƽǰԼںԺûгȥ
ɽճ˲ٷͷ¶һִۼ˲֪ӢۺܣܹһЩаսҶˣһ㽫ƽ˳ȥ˳Ҳһ¸Ϊ
ֻռ䣬˲ʮս֮ˣЩ˹һ㣬ǿǸҲƽֲ࣬ƽһ鵶һѪûаƢ
΢еʵģƽ֮ҲǱĶжףм˸ƽϣҲͲ½ˡ
ȵԷʱҶһͼƽŵϰ˼Уڼмõģ඼𻵡
˱ķţԽˣ
ƽԣվһʦ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾ£÷񣿡
ӽն˽֣Ƕǵͬʹóķ˼򣡡
ҶгԾһ˹ƽԵãӦֻȱʵսϵɽȻιУվ򡣽жսںʹƽȫʩΪ£ͻҲӦ顣
ҶҲͲţǷԸһȻˣ㲻ˣ
ˡ
ɽγôˣѵҵĶҲôֹסƽĻͷҶֱӶһĹһ㣺羸￴ţ˭Ҫսѵһ
֪ʵսԵҶҲѰ˼ŶЩᡣϹƶһЩ鹻һ̫СʱҪЩ顣
ʣµľֻƽ͹ƽϢˣպöϡ
ڹҲ£Լ£Ҳ㲻ʲô˵ġǰµĶһȺļһɹҲ̫⡣
Ȼ԰緹սһΧ֮˻û˵䣬ǺӾͱؽҵĲ̶ֻӡ
ʦӮô
Ǻֻ˹ȻҲ˵תܣλСͽһԴˮҲ֪ԼӮ˻ԵʲôҶҲǺӸˣ˵˾䣺˶ˣȻӮˣ
Ŷһؽǰһֻ쳣Ƶһˣ죬ǱؽһµĵҲƮҳ֪ƺе㺩Сļһﲻͷ󣬷Ҳʵᡣ
üһղſСյôɣһǸĵأʵİ
ⶫʵĵģ˵Ҳʮɣ˵ղǼһôôûãŽоˡҪⶫУһ¾͵ˣ
㣬һ¾ͱҳˣ

ĵĿģȫȻûעԶһȺˣǡôӴ˾һߣȻ뷢԰ףȴɫҲޣ뷢ֻ൹ʮ׳ࡣ䱳ҲһѴһͷŵؽ޼߲ûעջΪʱֳʵ̫
ֻǡһͻȻڵʦ㿴ŵĴ󽣣ǺʦõļΪƣ
Ŷ
ֻһ䣬һ֮ע⣬תͷȥǡƼؽһˡ
ļɰµƣ
ִÿٿܻɰΪ޴Щִ֪ҲͳôһĵĹ涨㼼ˣǱó޴ʤߡһЩܻܵսɾͻɵţҲǰӭλս
ɽɱ֪ЩҶҲ֮٣ǡ÷ءŭ״һ˵ҲΪ⣺£ҲýƸʱ򼼲˱ɽɴܣҲʲô
ֻĻ첻⡪ƽ򲻹˻Ժǣʱ֪ҪǰǾͲˣºҲǶˣҲܽӦһ
ʱǱһҶ̾ӦתͷһƣǡƼλߡ
һƣȴоȣһƺͷͷ˵ΪͰ
ͷȵѵʦƵ۵֮ҲǱ߶ֻۣҶȴݲ಻ףȷѵһĿܣҲǰһϧ۴Ӧ֮˶һˣ뽫ս
ʦëַˡ
פۿδע⣬Ͼ˭ҲͻȻͷȥ顣ֻǡڴʱһ˳ջſڱ㺰ĸɽɵģϽطó
һ֮꣬Χָָ֮Ĺ֮룬Ȼǲ֪˶ٴκ˳ġ
ǺĺҲһ㶣Ҳû̫ϣ۹ЦɽɵľӽҶô
λҲǺ׼ȻɽɵŽҶģºžӽֻһʣвһЦ˳Ե˼ҶźųƾӽȻʹôıУҶŵСͽܣ
ȻǻȴҲǺѣѰ˶ᱧȭлһ֮ģλȻǸˣüͷһֱӺȵֻǸӣʦҪúӵɽƣ
˵Ȼ˲ʶ˱㿪ڵɽƱɽƣǵüһɽƣĪ֪˲ʶɣ⽫Լֹȥ
ԴŭתͷǷϻļһһ١κκɽ˺ֲԣһûҵףֻüԹûӵĻ𣿽ʦ
ԴʣʵʵĻشԼʦԱţֻ΢һҶѾұ⣬ҪҴӮͽ˵
һ㶣תͷҶģƼһ֮ĲţҶģĪǺҰɣ
Χ֤ҪҵľӽҶˣ㲻Ҫôǳְԭɽɳ˷ͷֻҶĵʦáʦչͽǴͷȴΨûҶĳ֣֮²ҪһƲһ
ʱָյҪҶĵ˷ܵʲôƵء˶̣Ҷ³ŹСϾҶĵͽԼʦʦöôˣɽȻܲȥ
ʮУҶУУʮ
עţͻȻһۻһУһ
ԶǴ󾪣ֵĿջſھȻͻȻûתͷȥ˾Ȼôֱʣ
һתͷֻһ뷢԰׵ľ׳Цеվʵ˼ʶ㣬ò̾еŽɣ


150 
ŽɣɵǸŽɣ
ĸûȺ˾ɵôǸ߾ǾŽɵʦ֣ɵӣ
̸֮ĴҶĵĶҲ˼ۡʱ˵עתƵϣɷûˡ
վƬ̣һͨ죬ŭһƲô֪֪ӵƣ
һȱϣֱӾһɽҶͷȥʱҶԴĸ߶ǡþһȥҪӵƽʱһᣬԳһʵˣȻҶԴѡ
ɲں˻᲻鷳һƾܽˣҲûʲôþµġ
뵽һƾͽҶ֮ʱͻȻƱӲסֻͣڰҲáͷȥƣֻҶ˫ֶŲյֽյĸǲŪŲҶͷҲû̧ˡ
Ⱦ޲档ɺƱסһͷ󺹣ֱʹȴܹͣڰУβôֻʵǹ쵽˼㡣ɲͣӾȻֻͣԭƫûκζץס߼סƣͺһһ
ԼĪ룬ҶĵԴɾô룬ȴǵһôҲ粻ȥ
һ߰Բ²ôµʱֻҶ˵һ䣺պҪ͵һЩ˵ĪҪȥɣ
˵һ䣬ֻɵǱ˰ڿԶˣȴǻҶģתջ档ֱϾ޴ȥһ㣬Ҳղ
Χ۵ĽҶڼ仰֮󣬾ͼɺ˦ɳȥһԼͷԽȻͨһˤ˿ջ֮⣬һ˵澰޲ĿɿڴͷܵҲû˹ȥ䡣
ֱƬ̣ͻȻһɤӣ㼸У
һ˴󻩣ȴû˵ҶʲûֻԭȲ裬ɾͷ˳ȥѾܡ˸ûоô
ֻҶΪͨ͸ʲһƶ˲ˮʵֱһһһ޾ѾΪ֪Ĳ˳ȥɳԽͣԽϾͲԽȵҶǰ֮ʱѾ̶ԶľˡҶûɱ˼Ҫһֵ̧ˡ
Ҳ˦˳ȥǰɶõһ֣һ·㲻þͺһװӣȻ˳ƽӸ˦һ㡣
Щǹе൱ΣǸƲģڶ཭ʿֻǾҶûʹǸɣǿ쵽˼£ʲôǿصĹ
Ȼ̫ˣǸƲУ
ҲҲȻɽɵʲô湦ͺŮɫһ㣡
ҿǶסɣȻʧķһԾջ񱼶ȥɽɡκ⻰û˵꣬ͱһٺǳ⣺Ҫ˵㵱ɽﾫֵô
ʵЩҲľɽʲôɲŻǳ⣬ֻǲ׳պŭλҶŴӶ鷳û˼ֶû̧ɾͷˣԼôһ֣ǿɲΪԼ㱾мܵס
Щ˵˵ȥ˭˵Ĺ۵㣬һ𽭺һ˾Žɾԣ̵ǰɷ˽󣿡
Ž˰ѺӣЦеҪͿѰĽҶŶʾһˣ˵꣬һȻһ
ǽ֮ڿһȦȻͣ˾Žɵļͷ֮ϣңϷҲʶʶɽɵ
˼ƣ̾ⳤϳڰգҷǳңָɽɵҶġֻ˵˾䣺ǰȻͨһǴ˵е
ֻѹֱΪɣѾ㲻ùˣӦɷ˰ɣ
Χ˼˾ŽβֻǼһһɳڰյ񼼣ֻǳ޲ͣ
ǱߣҶҲ澪ԾŽּͬĹΪɵĪԶ֪ǰ򵥣
ȻɣɴݲȣֻӦŽҲǰ޲ѣѰ˼֣޲ĪԵ֮˸δսӣʮʹ˷Ӽ˾Ȼɴݲȣǿһ磡
ڴ˵ȿܣŽҲΪͽ²֮κʲѾ֪ɽţһ֮Ȼܰݽ¡
ϧţͼҶĽյ£ȭȻǰдˣԵ㣡˵һƣΧǡ÷һõĳʱƽı֮һΪֱ߷߶ߣҲʱǽҶϡ
ǰͨҲҪֽһǰָ㣡
䣬ƾһƲָһǱȵϵĳͻȻһͻȻպڿתһȦȵҶͷϣͬʱⶶȥƮԼƺ׼˾ŽҪֻһֱоŽɴϣŶһ
Χ˸ը˹˻žôˣȻײУɽҲĪ˽书Ѿ;Žǰһ㾳ˣ
ȻҲһЩͦŽɵĽ˺ǳ˵ʲôأŽǰųƿʹŰѽɽŲһѶѣ;Žǰ˲֪Զأ
ЩˣɵǸ𾪣ϾǶԾŽɵĳ羴֮ԶˡʱҶҲʹĹһҶĿɿڴ֪Ӧ˵ЩʲôŶԡ
ŽɵʦҲƤһ֮ɫֻȴ˼Ϊͬѵʦܵű͵ȥһϸȴҶʽԼʦƺкЩ죬΢ģȻۿԼʦɽ֮д衣
˵ЩŵҲԼƺҶʲôԣ˶֪Ȼ٣佭൱֮ߡѰ˾ֻɾȻбλһ˵ľŽɻٵӣ귴ûʲôȡΪΪԽߣԽǿӦҲǻиλһЩаŹΪĲŻ٣һ㽭֣ʲôĻܸ١
Ҷʹţȷǳ棬Ϊ֪ԼƾһЩ֮˸Էɽɱһ㡣Ҷ޳һʲƷǸʱõķźЩ˵ɽʲôĹ򣿡
Ȼ˼ͣǼϵĳȴûаԥ֮ˣҲŽʲôǳವһ¼ֱȡҶͷϳ
˼Ȼ˵Ҫдд裬չһ¼գȻͲҪкҶҲ֪һ㣬ԼǳҲָһ˦ͷϲͣĳҲǼɳֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ʹǺһ󳤽ѳڿײһ
̽һԣʱȴԳ˷ŸԲͬˣŽɵĳɵһԺͻȻ˰գȻԭصһ£׼Ҷġ
ҶǱȻɣȴƴȥĸһ㣬ڷɼ̬ȻһȦӺת˻
ô򵥵һѰȻƲģǾŽǺεȾĸֻ֣һ㶣̾ͷӦ֮޴Ĳ𡣲˴ŽɼһǶڿеĳವһֱӷ˻Ȼǳ׼ŵĽʱҶĲŽɲһѺؽСľ޽ͬʱһһЩĺһͨʽĳ
ֻõģŽɺųƿͬʹŰѽϻѡֻǽֲԵУҶȻ⼸ѳںδ
ҶļŽ˳Ҳָһӣǳ˦ԭֻսûн֮ĶϸղŽɳ֮󣬸ϵ޾ɢ࣬ѾԾȷƣԳϵʱɵĴֻսһڣҶѷɫһ
ŽƵҲֻЦһ£Ϊ⣬ʲ룬ɽķſҪԼ࣬ǴڼʹշֻǶԷûҰˡԼƾģȴ֪Ҫ١
ȻⲻŽϴ򲻹ҶģΪȫƽ֣̾ͽҶĳٽشԷֻǶ塣ƼҶһʹķΪҲҶıһ⡣
ֹ治ǹɾգŽɴʱǶɽȤ˵񼼵ɣӦĬĬŲǡֱ֮ǰȫȻû˵ôһɡ
ҶıȭĳԴķţֲڵĺܣã
ŽɸԼİ룬˵ͷҶǫֻǸղһƳҶһ֮ȻȴֲڼªҲûʲôֻƾйԵˣ˶Եеʱֻɧţ˵С
ȴ֪ҶʹȫϺͳ֮ͻԳ״ɼϵ־ƲɽĹ͵ڷ˴롪ɽկϾɽկȲ档
ԾŽɻƲ⣺ֻʵԣԶԼżǿֻպǱȴҪԼ׹ǿĶˡ
ЩҲû˵ҶȻкøУȫ㲻˽⣬Ժ˼ҲֱӸǣԼʦһͬǱ͸źõסլȥ
·ϣ̸ɽԼҶֿԼʦ̫ʦ񼼣ŽȴʲôҲû˵ֱס԰ȻصУŽɲſڵʦֱﻵ˰ɣʲôʰɣ
һ£һЩ̵ĵӶ˳ȥȵоʣʦܶˣʵʦܣɽɵĶžѧ֮
Žɺ˿ڲ裺ʦǵҵľѧ͵ѧȥ
ӵͷ
ŽȴЦʦֶˣ˱ʱ̣ȴƳĹҵĴΪͬο־һ߱ǿԵʹģ
˵ţָһǱǽߵؽʦҲ֪ʦʹŽҪ㿿佣ǿûҾŽɵţ
ȴʦܹǫˣʦ֮Ϊ޴񽣣ֻҲʹ˰ɣ
֪Žҡͷ̾˼䣺ܣΪڼҪ̫ˣ
ɻ󣺡ɽɵģʦܼȻ˵ҶʦܵŴΪͬ·ˣ
Žӣü²⵽ɽɱƸȡĹܴͨо·ӣֺֻҵһ㣬ֻͽͰˣ㲻
ӶԽףȻĲ⣬ȴҲûȥʣֻҪ֪ɽɵɵĹûйϵҲˡںɽɵĹϵɺôҲǽɣΪôһͷ֮Խݵȥɽϵ顣


151 ľ
ҶŽɵһд裬ΪЩձΪٵĻ⣬һҹ֮ɽɴ˵Ķ䡣
һЩŴɣЩҲյɽԼҶĵš
Ц֮м֮䱸֮һ֮
ֻΣЩ˶ʱȥҶĺɽɵ鷳ΪǶݣҪҶдһҲҪȴʽʼ֮
ɽɴ϶׽ţҲһ޶Ϣ̸Ц飬ɽȴҲɲ
ɽҶģȻŽдУȻֻնһȴҶҲĹǱǾŽɵĶƣҲ޵ڶ˶áɼ˹ôôôֻ꣬һŽɣ
ҲΪ񼼣ɵĺĲŻ˽ɵţҶҲ񼼣ĪҶĵĹѾǿŽǵȾˣ
½ֻоŽɵһΪҲǵģ
ɵӶ෽̽ԽǴ̽ԽǾȡ
ɫܽвӰĽټϽշ紫κһǽѵһľѧɽɾʲôͷȻôǿѧڸҲǲ٣սû䣬ֻԼһ׽ţɽɲ֪ǿ˶١
ѵ׽Ÿûڼ
ɽ־ᣬǱỪڶԼʦʦ˼֪ҳȥòã
ȥʲô֪ǲǴܾʦȻǰЦеģ˵ĻȴҪǰࡣȥ˼⣬ֻԼˣʻЦŵʦȥҶһΣζȻݵȹ£ʱɽɲͳְô
Ѿǻµһô˵ˣǰ黹û̫⣬ϵͽεᵽҶģ⾯裺ΪҶģ
˵⻰ʱȻʲЦݣһɫ൱֮ټ
Ҳ֪Լľ仰˵ˣȻʦɫ䣬æҶĲʵǿְвôͽ롭
ȥ˻ΪβɴºɱְɽɵһЩҲ֪˸ţɽʵδ¶ʱֻɽֻҶôһ֣ľֱӽȥҲֻҪһЩ
ԣȴ˵ֱ˰βŵϧոΪְöáֻҪͽܴʦѧһЩȻҶӲͽģ˵ʷպԼָԼϴҵӡ
ֻһ뵽ԼϴţһƬʺ죺ѽ뵽ЩȥˣŲļһռ˼ұˣ
ȴ֪ϺһƬ˸һʱãѾͷ˴ģĪǡ
һ̽ץߣֱ۵˸ϡá
ͻȻ֮˻һֻǹ̫⣬ԼʦѣֻǱܵĺһۣ
齫קǰһֻϱ۴һĨ޵ۣƼӡǲ΢һãûȥԪ
ϰ֮˺ϰ赸֮ˣΪҪȾˡӻνϢһ¾ͺˣŮȴסԼǲ㡮Ĥ˽ŮҪжǷҪһЩֶΡ
Ҳ֪Ӻʱµ䷽ֻҪչŷдҩڻͯŮֱһ㣬ȻһΪ򵥵ĵһߣͨڹͿʹãͻŮֱһӡǣֻҪδй£һԪۣǱһֱţñ㻽عɰ
¶鼫ΪҪȻҪعɰԷӣʱ˵仰Ҷģд󾪣ֻѾҶռȥ˴ˣһ֮²Ż̬
ʵϣ¶ԼʦΪη̵ġĪҪռ˱ˣǲŻʱʱ㣡ƵļԲĹ߾磡ⷬƴӣΨһһαռҲΪҶӣΪĶд٣֮ʹǰֶηҶĺݺһڹȥҪ˵Եģֶδ
һָֻԭ̬ǻǵΪʦĻ̵ô꣡
ίԼǱ˵ֱۣɫʦĻͽȻǵãȴϴʣʦλ̬
Ͼͨ¹ʣֻһ۱Ƴǣ»εĺܺȴҲ˫ۡѾͷһġ
ɫ䣬ڶĪҪʦļϵһΪȻĹķȴӹ׽һһ
ʦǻԼҶķʲôæͽûк׽ŲǸһռʲôأ
һ˵Խ˵ԽС̱µѾͷСûܹۣǹˣѰֻݾͱԵò֪һֶξûʧܹĴҶǺʤĺһӿȥҪԽԽ鷳
˶˵һ˶һŮ˺ģǱϲ϶ԷǰסʵһŮҲͨãϻȻ겻СҶԴ꣬ڻ¸Ͳͨ£ҪݽȥǱ԰Ρʱ˵ҪȥҶģⲻô˵һɣԭ򲻹ҪҶĶ۰ˡ
ƫϵ̫ɲϣԼ˶ʮĶ¯žҪ󹦸ɵʱΪ֮ƾǽԼߣĪҪڽȥҶˡ
Ѿͷһˣܲ˵ĺҶķʲôһˣԼʮѪɾ͸ˡ
ȥڳʦǿӲĵ⼸ĪҪˣҵߣҲþͽָһЩһδСӶڲƽ˲డ
һɥֻŵŵ˵˾䣺ǣʦȻһʦĽ̻壬ֻԴ˼ȴ֪Ʈ˺δȵ˵һȥ󣬻һתȻ͵͵ΧȷǷŴûֱ֮Ӿ˳
һ߷ҶǶָָŲԶڿеĳԼǾŽȻֻǽһУҲеõһЩϢ
ǾŽɵķɽҪɽկ࣬ǳ϶ȻǸģֻ޵ĹĻô˵ܲԳ󰡣ĪɵĹ죬⣿
ɲ֪ŽȻڽϸǲݷɽȴƾǿűŵǰ֪֮Ȼʼղ²ϣֻڹתתȥ
ָһڹҪڳϸǿκһ˹Լָǳ֮ԳһɫʱĴָϸɫҲĲעĿʹԽ࣬ǡӡɫԽҲ֡
ʵϣҶͺ޻࣬һͳȻ˦СҲΪʲôҶʹʱ򣬳ܻڿתһȦΪ
ǾŽأ벻ͨ벻ͨ
պãҶķϾᣬѰ˼ŽɵĹﵽʲô
ȻҲͷƺŽ൱ľ档ҲΪԼǾŽͬʵˡҪô룬ôҲԶˡ
ʶһ
ҶĵԸʵܼ򵥣ܹۼʶһ¾ŽɻɽǸһ˱ȶĳöĸһֱ۵˽⡣
ֻ룬Ըƺʵִ֣ٿҲ˿ȥս˰ɣ
ҶԼͲְ׳յ飬Ϊûлأ
ɽڽȶĵλҾյźȿͷôҸӰ
ǺǣҶźô־򰡣
Ҷ뵽˴Ծ뵽һڣʹһЦԴ
ֻһҪʣߺˣôûӪĻΪϤǻµ
ʷźãҶߵǰһͿһȹĻվԼЦ
ôˣҶĳĴǰҲ֪Ϊ°
˼Ҳûжأ
ŶǻϴҹĲ˯´ǰվţΪ°
ͷҶ˵˵ȻֶҶĵѵҶҲ˼ҽȥôŴ˵δ̫òˣ
йŮĹһң¶ԻϵӰ첻ãҶĵȻʲôйŮֻʦƼý͡
˼ʲôĳŮŮĺ˳أҿҶŵóԴײģ
ֱӾ͵Ҷĵ˼ЩΣҶֱӵͷϣ֪ͺãҲʡ˷ĭˡ
ֻһ仰ȴ֪ǻʲôȻɫ΢΢Щ
ҹ£պüĿɬļվڴǰǶĻ棿Ҫ˵ҶĲģǼٵġһɲǼҲⲻеĶڻָ죬û¶ţٲֱŮȡЦ
ȻҶŲ˼ҽȥǳ˼û˰ɣ
ȥ
ҶңΧǿͷȻиԺȴҲǿɹĵطױײҾû˰ɡϻЩϢɣ
˵껰ͽĹؽҲǻˡ
Ƭ̣޶ֻǻѾȥҶųһҵ찡Ǹ
⻰һͻȻһ䣺ԭҶҲǶ˼޶԰ƺǸˣ˵һЦЦԶȥ⻪²ˡ

ҶĲٶ໰ֳ¶ˣǻץסʲôѱֻǱ첻ԣϢѰ˼ŽЩ־ǸʲôΣԼһִϾӦЩʲô
һҹôȥˡ
ڶգƽȥջſţȴǰսֵ˼ֿɿɢȥ١
գΧ۵ԽԽ٣ƽؽԼΪΧ˽Ҳ첻⡣
գΧۣһǰսˡȴǺźɵĵӣǽһλнͣųưٲ񽣡ɽɳһŽɱȽĸ֣ս
ǡøȥǰЩˣ칫ûط㽣һ˰ٲֱӴ֮ƵǼ棬Ķ˸ˡ
ȿȣãһ仰Ǻųưٲ񽣵ļһ޵ݣͽۻ٣˵˾䣺պҲƶý԰ȥ
һǾͲ֪룬ֱûӰӣŸп˵һ䣺αأ
Ϊٲһ£ЩҪɽս˳ȥͷչС˽Ϊ˳ϧһд۵ľġ
ԴҶŽ񼼶һν֮⴫ԴԽԽа˵ҶŽɽְвʤȻ󲿷˶š
ɻԳĹ׵ķ׷ɽɵ鷳ŽվãҲǽɣЩ˲ǣɽ
ȺһֻӮҶģҲԽս˲ˣʵҲԶǰЩɰᡣ
һգǲ֪ðһųơһļһ˹ΪĳЩԭҶСƢԲˬѩལоͻȥ˱С
˾Ŷ˰صĳأԺһһδһܡڸϣԲľȱǲܴ㣬ѴţպҲʱʱֽ̡
Ĳ֪ôǺõҶⷬʱһ񣺡˸ôϻһξľҲ޷֪ʲôбĥ³Ҳ˼˵ǻ콭ģϽؼֵȥɣ


152 ֮
ǺųƱһļһﱻҶĺǳĻˣһλҲɽʰһսߡ
˵˱ɽɵʵסˣִҪʽʼˡ
ҶɽɽһβдְȻʧȥ˹̶ϯλȥŭϳְ֣ȡһԵλãְڶһ⻮ֳãһЩϹˮ
˵ˣְͨʸս֮ȡһλãɽΪûȥμᣬδʱȻᵥǰλãҶֻܴ཭ͬһΧңңĿԶ
νԼ䳡һټĹ㳡ϻͬʱԼԱߵļ򻮷ֳڶС򣬴ЩƮϾܿÿ˷ֱԺźɡ
ҶĶһƣְ˾һ㲻ϴ󣬵ҲСֻ߶ԵɣѰңѷֱĳ
⾰ô˵ѧʱ˶᣿
ʵҲǲ࣬Χһķƣмһ޴̨ǱδϽ˵ˡ
ΪŸտʼ˶λãЩΪһĵطˡɽЩȻ鷳ϣȴҲ˲ѰҲǵ鷳
ҶѰһ㲻ϺҲ̫λúվѩͷֱվԼ࣬Լͨǰ漸˵Ŀ϶ۿ
лغӰСŮԱɭƽ˻м䣬Ҷĺ͡ѩ֮΢óһЩ϶ܹ
ԽԽ˶ˡ
һҶʢڴֵʼ޽ͣΪⳡԼѧʱĻ澹Ȼص
˿ɲȥ룬˶ɽ˺ľпѣͬʱԶ˵ЩǱĽĿ⣬ڴ̸ۻԼɵδ
ʲôʱҲϯУ
٣ˣܴĹɽЩٿЩɣûƼɽɵҶҲһվ𣿡
ִȻʢȴҲеĸһĽ׼۵ģǵǿļɡԼΪıŶм䡣
αɽɡСռݵĵطԽдԼŵԽߣʹɵĵλԽߡ
ҶһƬڶֻ࣬վŹˣûʲô֮ĶͲûԱ飺ףˡ
ȹ˺һ󣬻᳡Ͻû˳֮ǰʿҲҶԼλáʵЩȻܹǰλãǾֻȥˣֻƾǰ˵ֻƬ²᳡з顣
ִм̨ҪпʱЩ˵ҲصԼƲ
Ҷưܣתȥ̨̨ǽʵʯͷҿӲʱΧһЩŵĶűʶӦǱűôһ̨ɽڵǸʯ̳ͬġ
ţͻȻվһžװĸ˴Ⱥ˳̨̤
ǾǱ̣
˶˾ãʵʱָͻᴫ𰸣ʶˡҶãתͷȥǱִ̣˸Լʮ࣬ò֮ˣľӢǸŮӣȴС֮ġ
ͬʱΪĴɣⱱܹڱųΪĄ̊́Ӳֶιˡ
뵽˴ͻȻԼʦҲһҪɽ֮λڵЦ˾䣺ȻλŮʦüô
ѩȻ֪Ժ£һʦֺܵô
Ҷͷе㣡
⻰˵ĵе̫ʵڣѩ´Ϊˬȴ֪ҶڹⶺŪһʱ֪λӦֻĹĵһԲ˵
ʦƺеҶ̵Цѣ
˵ᣬĺܽУΧӣûעĶ
ӣȫĵע̨ϵı̣λŮ˵˼ͺܸԵῪʼλԹԹг𱨳λǼ֤ȻȥˡȴȻ¡أһʼһЩëƤС£ȻҪվ֣ɸ΢ЩĵӦҲˡ
Ҳûʲô˼ȥ̨ĹܵûЩСһ󣬲ŻĽ⡣
ǣ»ǳͷʱ
ʱˣȻԭûԱʲô߶һŽȴ̸ͣʦγ߶һɵǻָܱʮ갲ȡκгɫܹʮ֮󡭡
վŽԼƣʮԼĪԳһǴ˵еա۳벻ɣ綼Žˡ
Ȼʦ򣬵ҲСʼûгɫҲһֱŵҪΪɲĴ߶
ǾŽɿȴȽϿֻɱͲʤ֣һר޼ǱּʦҲǾбɾҪĴˣô˷ŲҲˣԱɵˮԼתԲŹ򣬵Աûģ
ȴ̾һѧ֮ãʦܴ湦ɱ֮ܡһԱɣ⽭ϴڶأοɳʦôһպҪ͵桭
ŽҲǲһȻҲ뵽ȴû֮ʦἰȻӦԣֻ˵һ䣺һʱҲһ˳Ȼɡ
Դ꣬ɽǱȴǰ죬˶Լõλñʾ˲
ȻͬУǲϲӲɣʲôʸɽᲢۣ
ɽΪĹ۵㣬ɽλ÷࣬һһңҲ±ȥסȻɽҲ½ȥҲ̴һŽ⡣
ǻȻΪǰŵǸӡԼĪʮ꣬˫ĿƺһأðźʱȻѾȴҲ¡һ㣬ˬˬˣǱѾȴȫΧ£ðͣ
һ֣Ȼɽɵ񹦱Ǻ֮Ч˹޳ɺɷĪ˵΢䶳һѾƣֱӽ˶ɱҲʱϵǱȴްֻðźԳɽѾһٿľˡ
ɣ֮ǾĲ˵ҸǴһʼͱĿż˫ҲְһۣȻջĿ⣬ûһ㡣
ĶȻΣȴҲ֮ˣ˾Ȼյһ໥ʺ˼̸˽δϿܻᷢ顣
һ˶һЦеӵϺУֻһݵȡ
һ׳ĵʿЦʦ񣿡
ʦҲǺǺһЦӷ˹Ҽˣһһо
һˣȴ֪Ȼ࿴ʮģǽ˶֪Ϊһһ˼£Բ㲻֮ࡣ
һ۾ƳǸͷӣһ˵ʵȴƾƳλȻôڽ߶ȴҲܻˣʶĵǲ٣Ҳг߱ϴһͷ¼
߰ʮϹﻥʺһ漴̸˽εĴ᣺ʢᣬҲ޲ƽ֮£
һȴ㿴Ȼҹְֺ֮⣬ٲһս
ʦ𣺡Ǽְֺϴζ˴ˣһҪЩֻϣְĪҪ̫
һʦĪ϶ְ˴αʤǶҿɲǸ˰
ȴЦЦ֪αٶһʣ
ϺУ˼࣬ϰϲѧһ޶Ҳôһ˹ЦһλѿЦʶʮ֪꣬Ѷϲ˶
Ȼţھ˵˾䣺ֲǲ֪ƶɮʦ֪˼ӣڷһ;оŽ֮λƶɮ£ָƶɮ˻ôһţϣҽرģĪҪ;Ҫ۷𷨾տ˭ֱȵϻ۸ʦ֣
һԼǼɺĺӣЦϺˣ㻰Ҷ˲֪ٱ飬ֽ˵Ҳ֪˵˭
ӷ˵֮ȥ
Ƭ̣ɲΪ˴δʲôʣĿǰΪֹ̨ðҲһЩССϺŵʱһδ
ԹһƬ̺ӦЩҪðˣϾ˭ҲôɵţִϿɾΪ˽Թ˵ġ
ô֪ʿڳۿͬʱеҰĵĶŹᡣ
Ȼ˵˴ֻ̨һȣȴðһЩŵ֮ɽҶϷԻ
һȫ޲һ̧ͷ̨ҶʲһȺĪļһССѾʧȥȤԲ˶֮˵ͻȻôģһڹΪ˾ȡ
˭
ϣ㶼ʶ㻹콭ذ
֮үӣλүȻɻڽ߶ȴͷ֮£ȴ֪λүΪεҪɽɵˣ
۷׷ףҶҲͷԡǰĪ˵û֮ţ˼ҶָյҪԼˣҲòӦ
˲²⵱У֮һͷ԰أԴȸͣҶģ֪ɽҲˣǸӾͳϷһ󣡡
ʲŻ˵ǶԻѾҪҶķָСˣһȤ͸Ũˡ
Īү˵ɽɵĴţҲҪͷ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪飬²ƺϺ
ǼҴҲƲ²⣬мߵϹĪϺͿˣͷҲҸģһ˭ûɡӮкã
㲻֪ɽ⼸տǷͷʮ㰡
㵱ӣô֪ǰƴ˼ҷôʲô£
һ˺ͻʦһۣ֮Ҳ³ç֮ˣҲֻǴո֣ξȻ̨սˣ
ʦ֪һȻҲǲ֪֣ȴɽɾʲô·Īɽݵɣʲôڣ˼Ҳ벻ɽɵ飬Ͳûһ䣺ɽʲôʱðģ
ǱҲǺ棬ȴ֪ɽƽݵɣ֮ϼȴݣƽʱ߶ҲΧνģ
ȻǺɽɵҶľǺģƣ͵ҶĴȺг
Ƭֻ̣һһųȺвжȺһʧôˣ˷үӶϣˡֻһûʲôֿɿƾһ۸Сӵ־硣
ʧ䣬ֻҶͻȻһԾ̨ɵľʱ˿УͲȴڿһ۾ֱ̨Ʈȥ
ʶ̺һṦ
һҶľȻѾƮƮ̨֮ϣؼȣҲû㡣


153 
ҶһһͣѰ˻ʲôֻΪһֿת۽кòֹԸߵһЩҲüͷһٲм˻ᡮŶһ
ʦһ˴յһ˻˵ҶṦҲ޵оȻ˴˵꿡ܣṦڽˣ
ɽɾڱԶ֮أδȻЩӳЩͷҲֻбϱһԵ͵εȺдЩɵӶƲͻȻðɡ
ɾŽҶĶһеϢǶУҲ˵һ䣺ԽԽˣԲ˵ɽɵʵ֮Ļ
Ҷ¶һṦЩ࿴
û뵽δᣬֻһʼкϷɿһԼĺӣԴ΢ЦԽԽģǧܵݾΪݣʵ̫ġ֮λޱȹ̣㲻Ҳ˵û䣬ֻǿڽͬϵϲÿص
ʦȴ뷨ͬЦǺǵıʧһǳ֮ɫֻһһͿĵõɮ
һʼȷѪ꣬ûǺ°ڳȻĺǽеӢʧأǽаħռ˱ˣ
ʦˡɾӢ⼸ɵУֻҪЭ⼸֮ĹϵЩаħƷʲôģ
ϣ԰ɡ
һ֣һģְǱȴһľϲ֮С
ȻûǼ磬ȴ˺ɴƲĿʱֺҶľȻǵүӣֻǲ֪ζġ
ֺ˵ͷȴ̫⣬һԹŭ򿪿ڵүȻڽСǾ£书ȴ㲻öã㽫ҶĻ̨Ҳκã
룬ҲҶķЩֽţϾλүҶº֣ɽɵȾһЩ۵㡣ˣ׼ͻᱻүץסµͷһǵһ⾪ϲ
ֺڳ˵˾䣺ϴԲ㲻˵̨ϵˣֻǼоԶĿⶢԼתͷһͼңңȭȴǼֺԼߺҲΣֱӾ͵кˡ
̸ְţȴһԹ¼ŵӰֻ⴩һذŮҲһɴ̨˵Ŀȴޱȸӡ̾һȻԼա
ֻǲһȴ˻һʹæָֽ£Ȼ̾һ
Ůǻ£ԭ͵͵ȥҶģһطͼԼʦ溮˪ĵԼڣȴһƸ˻һƬϸߣǳԽԽƤˣҵĻ⼸ߣҵ㵽ģҲ׼ܣ
ЩҶĲûܼ£е֣תһҲãҲûᡣȴ֪±ʦ࣬ͬʱһɴڵơΪ˳ͽ仪£鲻׼˹ӡɢΪȴǽⰮͽԳòѣȥҶġ
һõĹȻֻǺǳһ׼»͵ܣֻһƳĻ°ò٣ûʮԸԭҪӳȥˣǾƲܵġЩʵʵĴʦԣûܣȻͲȥҶĵ鷳ˡ
ʵϣҶ֣ѩҲЩơְɽͬסһҿջǻķԼʦˣʱ֪ʱʱҶģҶҲûȴȫӰѩ˼ĪŮ˷ˣ
ȥ⣬ִʽٿ㽫ŵһԣʱһĹע̨ʦ֣ûȤȥעְĶˡ
Աߵɽȴⲻ֣֮Ϊɽɵ鷳
ֻи𰸣ֱ˵˾䣺Ժ֪ʲô
ڴʱҶѾ䵽̨ϣ֮һȭ±ɽҶģ֪ǰ̨кִ̣
Ҷģ
֮˻һɫɣ˸֣ͷĪϺͿˣ˶û㺰̨
ҶҲһˮ¾Ҷģ
֮죬Ȼ˵ͷȻ˵ԼҶģϷ㼸£ɸҾʵش𣿡
Ҷе㲻ã֮⻰˵ʵ̫ûòػʱӲǰʱǣȴ֪֮±ˣ˵ֱֱȥҲûʲô˼飬ºǻԵǸֻȴȫ⡣
ʱ֪⣬һ첻ԣֻǵɴ۾Ҫ֮ҪЩʲô©κһ֡
ֻ֮˵ȥЭٸץһд£
Ҷһ㶣漴ȷʵôһ£ͷȴд£
ֵ֮ŵʱѾȴ޷ֿʱһ¿ģ
ҶüͷȷʵԼ˵ͷȷ
֮ʵѣ

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һҶüͷ壬û𻰣һ󽿺ȣϹ˵߯ˣʦֻʲôȴѩ֮һ仰Щ̨ţƾҪ֮ƴ
ͷתͷȻѩλҶŵͬţʲϷֻмҪȷǹﲻҪ֣
һ˵ѩǲֻ֣ߺߵĽ£Ȼȥͷͳ֮˱ȭʾ⡣
ͷ״ǺһЦѩ̬ȴ⣬ֻЦŵ˾䣺úѾͷλ֪һЩ
仰һǱҲɫûжȴҲͷˡ
֮һƣֲ֪Լ˵ʲôҶ˵˾䣺ʦܡ

⻰һһƬЦȻҲƣϣǸеİҸղŻɽźô޸һұһˣԭǸӰմ㣬վȻۣ⹦ǲҰ
֪֮Լ˵ˣæǸλɣϷۻ軨ûƵУ벻Ҫ֣
ͼһͷӿϷŵ̬ԼǸҲ˼ٰףֱ˵˾䣺ǰˣ
һȦ֮תͷҶģϷ㣡ȻûҲûʦŽãѾ֮ʹɱ֣Ҷųֻ̫ˣ
ҶĴʱѾµһЩʵ֪ǰǡһ졯֮γƺ
֮ԣ֪µһЩҲûʲôҪģϷ

һԾ˭Ҳ벻׵үӾȻиӣҿӱҶһͱˣѹүָյҪҶġ
ȻҲڼɵĽΪүˣԴҲͿˣȥӣ˳ӦǼ£үӲлҶİȥˣȻִܵ鷳
ͷͿôȻһӳͷѵһӴµ㶼Ҫô
֮ȴȻЦͷӻмͷкãϷֻΨһĶô磬Ѫ˶Ϸڰ
˵ҶĵϷ֪һʵ㲻Ϲ֮£ϷһԳĹ䣬ҲռɽɱˣΪɽ飡ϷڽȺǰ˵£ǸˣϷϷ˺ͿҪΪǷǹ֪Ҳûһƣ
һڳ˽Ĭȴǲ֪ݽ¡
֮ôûУһľҪΪԼӱ𣬸ο黹ϵѪΨһãȻǸ˺һٸͨɼʵ๼
ҶôҲûУ˼Ҷ壬ֳһǴƾ٣Ȼ֮ĻҶгֺ֮ӣ˭Ҳ˵ʲô߽ģǾҪ˺ˡ
˵ҲˣҶıȭԭˣȻǰΪﱨ޻˵½ǣǰУ
˵˴Ȼûе͵ĿܣҶŪԵҲͷֻҪͷӲǱǹʹļһС
֮ԣһҶģ˵ĺܣܶϷƢϧѪ֮𲻵òϷǳԵȳУ
˵˫ȭһ˳ư˸ƣְɣ
Ҷһȭͷ֪ͷһϣǴųģʱȴռ֮㽫ԼǱһʦýӺãҲ˸ƣȻˣҲͲˣ
뵽Ҫ֣̺֮ȵȣಫ㲻ճýҲ޷ϷЩҲɽɵһЩţ֪ƽиӽţһڽϣϷʤ֮䣬ȥȡأɱǣ
ҶĴʱΪͷӵΪˣǳ飬Ҳύһ£ȴˣ˶ûˣպҲ̹Ȼ
һҲȫǽϣǰؽ黳㣡˵ҪЩְ֤ڳƵļƣһңң֮һġ
˼һ֮Զһĳ͹ԷһƽƽҲƲʲôô£
֮ҲţȴͻȻоһƷͷ뷢ƮɲֹȻۣѹЩѡ
ðԵƾ
ʱ֪ҶԲǴ󻰣ҲͲٿȻˣаɣ
˴ʱҲƼʲǰ󣬱ֵĴʱһֻŹɽۼ֮˽ղ֪ɽŹȻǿᵽʲô̶ȡ
һƣƷ羹Ȼ֮ܵ⡭ȹ޼ΪıĶңƼҶһƣ̾ʶһжǿᡣְɽƺܣ°Ծ裺ĪǱְĵƣѹֺţ
˼̨϶ȴѾһֻҶֻһʼһУֻƾ֮ҴƹмܣһƣУº֡
Ī˵ȰԵѧδʹƺеһЩɱҲûôʹáɼˣ֮ȻκҶĲãҶһҪһķûܴķȦӡ
ҶĵĹôɵΪƣṥһ󣬰֣ĪΪˣʦһĵķţ
ŽɱԼʦ֣˲֪ʵս飬ֻƬ̣ˣҶĹ֮أʲҼƷɼвٺпʹȴͻȻУһ·мܣǲ֮ʤ֣
֮Ҳѵ㲻ʵڲףҶĹߣʦܸ󣺡֮Ум伱ңʮʱҲʹְˣ
ƳؼȻвˣʦһ޵ҶŵǾӽ֮ȴǶҶĳ֮Ϊ͡
һҲ֮ҲǲʶôĻˣһǵΪֹˣ
˵ţֻ֮һ˫ȭ빥ҶǰҶȴܣֻһǡô֮˫ʹȻָһ֮˫תһȦ˫ȭж˸ɾ˳һƣƵĲͣˡ
֮ϣϱղһľȫйҶһ֮߰˲֮Զſվ
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Ҷıȭ֮̾һҴ㲻ûˣ֮ڣλͬ湶˵ȫ־Լȥ


154 е˼
֮һ˶ûԤϵȻеòõͷǶû뵽ͷȻɴ࣬־Լȥ
ͷȻر߾һҲ֮ܵһĵʵˣʱ͵ñ²æһĪҪ벻֪ԽڶԳİĻϼʯҪֹ֮Ծ
ҶӦҲ죬޾һ̧־Ҫųȥ֮һƴԴ
κ˷Ӧٿ죬վ֮ļᶨεĸ֣һҪԾ˸ֹ
֮˵ʱѾȫһ䣬ƾѾ̧
ȵӦһһʹӦֶεʱ֮һѾݺԼͷ棬֮£Դóһţ߿Ѫ
ʱҶ޾ûʹ֮֮ľȻ˾Ȼ꣬һԭ֮һڵϡƾͺһл¡
ʱӳʯӷžһ졣Щ߰ﱾҪ֮ɴʱ֮ڳ˵Ⱦ˸пѡ

᳡һ̾ϢҶĹһֲ˶ѾȺг˳ЩɢɢĵУɼ֮ԵѹƼԶмӵϯλҲֻ̫Զ¡
ҶЩˡֻϣ֮֮ĲֻҪԥƬ̣˭Խ¡֮һĵֺֿݣգ۵ĹѾԼˣҶҲֻǲŽ۷ų
ţͼһߴȺгϵ̨Ҷһȭ˵ΪʬҶŲİɣ
Ⱥ˵˱ǹүˣүƽʱĲԸ˾Ȼѣ
㶮ʲôλүӲǰ쳳ȫ֣ûүһ飬үӾͻôү鷳үĴβǰͰ͵ĸȥȭ
ԭˡ
̸֮ﴫҶĶУ֪̾ǰλչ֮ϵף±ȭǰΪүʬ֮ǰԱ㣡
үվԭ˿ҶģѾĺѣ̾˿οࡢαأֶҶıȭҲҶ֮£֪Ҷоӽ֮ǽ֮һҲ֪Ӷָµ֮ϷлҶ֮
ԭ֮ʲô鶼ûүӣҲ˵ԼҪ̨ҶһսүӰٰȰ裬κ֮ǲ
֪һ̨һһˣ
֮ʱȴЦ̨֮۽Σֻк֮ʱҪͷϹһˡ
ʱ֪Ѵ˱֮ǰҶԲ˵ӮˣΪԽͬҲл
Ҷ̨ʱ¶ṦүӾ֪Լ׶༪٣ҶзأҲƣ̱۾һգֽ֪֮Ѿˣ֮Ϊһ˽𲻹˵壬ȻչҶĲ֣ͷҲ˽ᡣ
淢չȻϣ֮״ֱӾԾ˾֮ҶĵļƺҲҪ־Ȼκ֮Ѱ˼֮ļϣһ䣬˾Ѿˡ
үεҡҡͷ̧ȥΪʬڶҶģȴ޲ġ¹䣬ҵ˵Ҳз֣Ϳ֣֮үҲⲻ˽ύһ
޳λպѵʱЩ棬Ϸڴлλˣ
ΧһȦ˻æӦģֳҶʩһ񣬽֮ʬϣ̨ȥ
ΧóһͨĿ˱źʬԶȥԹүһΪʲôѣһ·ȷ֮УҲ֪ǲǸ
ΰһҲδϵȻ֣תһ룬̨֮ȥҲ߽ˣҲǸѡ
ʦȴͷĬĬһ𾭣Ϊ֮꣬Ƭ̧̣ͷʿҲЩ飬Ϊоһƪһ̣ҲǾ£
ɲ˵Ļ
ƶɮΪ֣һˣ㲻õصУⷬ˵Ĵˣ
һɮһ˵˼տڲ̾
ǱҲ̸۴£ְ˶ַչĿɿڴŭǸп˾䣺뾹֡
ֺɲ˵ҶȥȴѰ˼󻯽֮˫Ƶ˳öಽһС
һֶ˵ȴ֪ʲô򣡹Ҳδ˵ĪҶ½ã
һ˼ĻĶң˼Ҷļľʹ֮Ҳһ䣺ɽɹȻеŵһͲһССӵеģֻΪǰδɣĪΪʲôɲͻȻ𣿡
籱֮ıûôӣпҲͰˣ̸ҶĵĹʱ΢㾫
ɽɡ
һЩֻһ󣬱Ѿʼ½ðɣɽɵҲ˫ۣ˵˾䣺ΪһȺ˺ɽɵȷЩŵ
Ա֮ڣ㲻ʲô֮ڣѾ൱˲õˡ
书ǿ֮⣬ΪĸƽʱƵˣҪ뿴ʾԼֶΡҪȻǿ׶ǼߵĴˡ
ɽԼ˵Ҳٲöɽɸ߿˼֣Ҳԭ뷨ֻǴôһѡ
һһ̨꣬ϿȥϾȻ꣬ȴ˽Ҫעص㡣
ִŸտʼѣϷų̂أ
ʱбŵϵ̨ҶĵҶſʲôҪս֮ˣ
ִǱԹҲֱӾʣ˭ǳңһ㶼ѯҪսˣҲ档
Ȼϳ֮˲ɻЩֱԹҲ̫⣬ֻһҪ
һʣҶĲżԼռ̨ûµĻԵȥóλáҪģҪĻ֮ڳط
Ҷĵɽڷչ׶Σողſʼɽأɽﶼûȹ̣Ȼ̫
һЩ飬Ҳͺְ˳ͻְһԲʱˣ
˳ƾͺ׽žºˣ
ǱŵһͷҶľҪ˵ԼҪ׽ŵ˽һԹȴ뻹ûڣǱ˺ȵʲҶ˳ƾӽӶֱȲ˵ˣȴ֪ʲôһ֣
תͷһͼһɰ̨ϣһѳҶı˱ȭҶŴͽһ
ҶĳǱŵӿЦһ£ȴ΢΢һЦȻ˿ȥ˳ֳҶһ롯ơҪܵһԿϷȥˡ
оԼֻӣ
ͻȻô뷨ҶȴΣˣеʱǱϷˣĺһ㣬ֻһδεơĻ
񣺡֪λкμ̣
ҶŴºмȻһ֣ԳĶ⽣һҲĵãҶָһ
˵ˣйоأûʲô˾ò֮κνâ¶ȫˣҶŽȷǿᣬԲضԣͽ֮ߺߡ
ҶƤһư֪˹ǹҲ磬ҪԼǳĵʯģΣ
ҶŽǸȥ
һ˴󻩣Ҫ֪Уűһ㣬˸ֺţʵûʲôһھҪժҶľӽ֮Ҫɽɹȥ
ҶҲȴЦӦ˾䣺ʤңգ
٣ҵҪҶ⽣жЦһ־ͽȻ˸˵˾䣺Ҷţ
һ̨֮䱸ҶġΪҶĻȵӽ߸ɴ԰ں˼ƾ͵ţȴٳٲҶĶ¼꣬˾䣺ĻĪƲô
Ҷȴڵ˾䣺Ҷĳ֮»ô
һ㵣֪Ҷ⻰Ǹʲô˼ʣȴΧһƬѻȸĿɿڴ̨ϣͻв̨һ֮Եֿ쿴󣡡
ææתһƣȴͫ΢һųһ亹ԭز֪Ǻá
ԭһعͷͼһԼƾնͣ΢ңָԼҪ
ԼҶĳǻһ̨˾ͻȻûϢʱֻ˵ȴһϷݣδ֪Ǳ˰ѳأڿзŵĳסˡ

ɽҶɾŽɺ֮նһֻСˣδ£ǾԲһû˵ļһᶮǽзΪֶεŵġ
һ֪Ҳδزţ
ţǳȴɶڰƮţսߵ̫ӳһƬѤý⡣ֹƬ̣ǳͻȻһವһͷԽ
æתͼǳΧҶתһȦֱҶСĵ޻ɣⳤȷҶʹɡ
ͨˣɵƶ߸ǾĪ
֪ҶдֶΣʲôŽɸЦǺǵĺԼʦ˵˾䣺˵֮Ȼ޷˱ȶ˻Чף
ȴǿЦһҲ֪˵ԼʦܺáԼҵĶžѧ첻ǶˣôĳκʦˣҲ޷˵ʲô
ɵĴݣɵķӦɾҪĶˡ
ְֺɫӾתͷ뻪µ㵱˵ָ֮ˣԭ
½͵ȻʹУȴǿᣬֶĳһ㣬ֻʤĥѰټ
ֺ˴΢ЩǱ뵣ģǿƲ˸ֵĻģ
ְ˳һĶȴɫѿһ䣺ֺǴѰôһѣȻþŽϹ֮Īɽɺ֮ʲôǣ
ɽɸɵķ֧Ͼ֮˾ŽɵĶҴʣһ඼룬Ҳûʲô֡
ŵȴǡŶһתͷԵʵɽɹȻЩŵѹְֽ˼α쿱ʦõĹϵֻΪޣѳɴɽֱȥˡ
󱱳ϰñžѧƽ֮ͼ֮λ쿵ҲʱЩְɽɵҲš
ʱְ֣Ȼ㲻ý϶İɣҲڽһɸƵľأʶҶ֮ǽɻȻ֪ҶһֻܻˣȻҲ֪ҶĻ񼼡
ɽɵأȴԳֺӣоƱطתˮȴ㣬Ȼǲ֪ʲôʱѾԺ˱顣
ɽɣе˼


155 Թ
˷ӦһǾȤĶҲֻ΢Ѱ죬ҶĻԼϣԼֺһսⲻ˵ġ鷳ڣԼûܹҶģҪֺ˱ˡ
Ψ̨ϵǼ尾޴롣ϰݹΪʦÿһλѧڸһ䣺ʹˣ޿ɽ̣ȥˡ
ö֮һʢ˵ӣֻԼҲĳ߳ݺҲǼʶ֡
żҲһ䣺ʱûΪǰ;㣬ӸִᣬһΪ۽磬һҪһ
ȴԼδ֣ɽɾͽ˶ηͷɽҶĸһӽ
һϰ֮ҲˣҲδõʲôҶĺεºܣֻһûɵžӵ˳ƺţ
Ǹ֣ôˬһҪ׼˸̨
񣬼ʶҶĹ󣬲֪ԼСºܣҶȻԼܹýͬţȷʵмֹ
˵Եģ񼼣мɵģȻܹʹĸҲв٣ǳ֣ϵɻܲȴֻþŽһ˶ѡ
ƾھԶѾ˲õļˣҪɽһпͣɼɻ첻ġ
ôֶ飬ҶܹѾԳ˹򲢷Ѱ֮վﾹе²̨ˣ
һ󣬱һ䣺Ҷ֮ȷȴ֪Ϊ䲻񼼣
һҶҲЦˣ⻰˵ֱɣʹѧҲΪŭһ߯Ҳ񣬽ղƣҶĳ۸ˣ
˵ջһȻ̧־һ̶ֱȥ
һõĲʲôҶĴµ֡бƷҶӦ䣬ֱܻнָʹԳʹƷҲȫ谭
һбֱֱȥԱ仯ΪܵʹʹǶνˣֻǴһ壬ǳҲһŪŪʱ̶ֱһż׶״˹ȥ
̨һ֪ҶΪȻﵽܹ֮磬޲Ȼɽɽֵ˲Ծ²ӣðһ麹ҵÿʱ˵û̫ɽɼǺ˿ɴĲ
ɽɵҲսҶʹȵʦԳʹУ
ͳ̻ев书ֻҪз裬ʲôһ޶ʦдʲôʲô书Ѿľˣ
һֻҲǵͷ̣ܽ˼ͬʱ۾գҲգ©κһϸڡ
ʵҲûʲôϸڿ©Ҷһƺˣ̧мܣȴһ壬ĵ׷⻹δ֣й˲١
漴ȥ㣬κҶһѸףת˲Ѿ嵽ǰʱȻ̫𳤽Ҫȥһ̧͸оˣҶǳδǿὣѾѹЩһиţгһһӣҪһͬҽҶıС
Ҳ֪ǲǹģⳤȥȴûܴҶģǻսǰ֮ʱҶó˽֮ϡ
ֻһ죬гȻƬһأͬʱҲǻһһ죬۵³һѪ˸ǲܿƵ󵹷ɣͨһ̨档
ٿҶģһֱӳ齣ʣȻɢֻڳУۿֻʩֻͣҪԿȬ
ȴǰλԼûº֣ýΪԼһļһһ֪ԷһģţκϸһѰ˼˼ﲻ㣬ƫԼ֤˼Ҹûɱ򳤽΢΢һƫԼһɥĽ֡Լ֮£Լ֪ǳһյδҶȴܵнֽ֮ѾԼˡ
վɫȻĳҶı˱ȭҲû˵ʲôֱȥǸ߰ӣһжӲסִƶˤĸо־ռˣͷȺС
ʱҲֲ˳ЦԲȻսҶţ⻰˵޵ݣȺתתľͲӰֱȥˡ
ԺΣܹ߳͹۷壬һ겻ʧڽҶĿǵˡܳƣҶûһѾ飬ҲֻҶŸ壬ȥΡ
ʤһҶһȴĿת׽ǱߣǡɽӡλϾƳ˭
ֻһӣɽȻĿ˹ȥҶļ״СһＸ֣뾹ȻǸӲثϧ׽һƾȻ䵽У
תּλЦеԼҶ֮ǰŵ˽Ǳ̵ֶӺʹӣʱԼϲҶʤһ󣬲֪ҶſҪս֮ˣ
Ҷ¶һ֣Ѱȥսɽɵͷ
Ҫ˿ѡ񣬷ϺλҶŹȥͷһ𣬴˶ɽսһЩĳֵҪɽɻ᲻
򲻵λҶŻԼɣɽɺͱŵλ̫󣬾ɽɵҶĺҰģҲһսɣֻԼ鷳
ΪûͻҶҲһ˲ţʵǿᣬ˵ȻһЩڼԿ϶ǣɽʵԲһֱվ㵱УλҶΪŸԼıλӦǺɡ
ҶҲԼıһϯλİɣ֪ļң
λͬʱҲ׷ײ²⣬֪ҶĻкźΪĶ֡
Ҳˮƽ̫С̫֡ǿŪþͻһͷʲôҲû̵
һۣ¸һƬӣλƫԶŴʱɫÿĵɽҪԼˣǿǺã
ƾҶʲһһƬȺ˾ûԳܹӵǽòϯλĿɾʹˣصϼҲڼĵǡ
ֱʱҶĲִǿֱЩսöԷϯλġԼղȴһ㡣
ȻˣǱĪҪ˷˴˵
山һȭµȷҪս֮ˣ漴ת׽Ǳߣһɽ׽żȻɽɿսʱȴˣ
˻һ˲֪ɽɾȻѾ׽Ž񣬿ƺءѲһ֣
ҶĴһһ˺ͻʦüͷһ壬ʦǵɽɾȻ׽гͻӣˣ
һҲֻƾһ仰֪׽źɽһˣǰֶһ˿ܣȴǻˣ
ԭɽʲðͷʱһ˺ͻʦһֻĻϲŲĹԼ˾Ѿ˺üѾ
ǰ֮ô³׽źɽ˭ʤ˭ֶ㲻ú°
˵ãһǶ˻ȥϣ
˻֪֮便ǺζԹĵ˳Ӧܽѹ¡Ͼ˵ݵλӦӡ
ִУ˳ͣҲ٣ֻһССֵϳ档ֻһЩ֮ĶԹŻֵͣ㲻ܵͣҲͻΧСһ̶ڣʧء
Ҷһ֮Ŀɽֻλ׽ɫȴһֽ˲֮С
ֻôһԥ˲Сλ֡
٣˼ҶָˣλȻɲӦ治Ǹүǣ
Ǿǣ׽Ҳǽŵɣ˶ˣȻһӦϽȥɣ
ɽһԥ𣬴ʱҲ׽鷳ˣϾô࣬׽ܰڳ˶ɱˡҪôǻû֣ΧɾȰ׽Ÿ
ҶļɽٳٲҲüͷһšٺȣֻɽһˣνС̽ǻء
ɽѧȻãǹĿ졪ʱʱ߻ħһεҲûкôλ⹦ٶЩһһԾĿ죬׽أһתͷŷ̨ϾȻ˸νСŮޡ
Ůʲôʱȥģ
Ī׽ôŮӦ棿
ϹôûƼŮӴźҶżΪôͬţ
ɽɵȥʲô
˭֪
ۼ䣬ҶĿҶҽһ󣡡
Ҷļ״ΪѣȻҪɽ֣̫ꣿ
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Ѱֻ׽ŲԸȴֻΪΪ֮󣬱ŵ˲׽˵飬¸Ȼٶ
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ʦҲǲˣʱֵһţ˾䣺׽Ҫˡ
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ҶʹУһɳ֮ǿǰ࣬һֱӽԷ塣
ʱʹвͬ죬һǳɣͬʱ̳ʵ΢һʱ䡣
ɽֻоһ󼸺ͣٵȻǿΪʱ伫̣ǻϵһ𴫵Լһ㣬ǿᾢõ飬òסֻֻҪ롣
һ֣Ļݵѣɽ˵ü͸оԼԺǷϮæתӽڵ;ȻѾܵԼԺһ̫ʹ
ǶһĴ죬ɽдҲסʲһ飬һѾȫû֪ڶ˿ӹѪ
ÿɽҲǾþ飬֪Ǳ֣Լɣæֽס˳һкɨǧȴ򵥲һУҪƾʹ˿
뵽;Ȼ˲ܣֱһתǳȻɽȥȻʹһ̫塣
һζ֮󣬾Ȼһ֮ɽֻǱ;òͣˣûü鿴ԼֻǾ˫飬ֹǽֻǿǿţ˶Եǲܡ
䣬ͻȻ̨һ˺þĽ
ɽûȵһƳ˶Լʱע⵽ϴƺЩ״
ͷһƣԼʩչչ⽣Ĵ󽣾ȻѾѺۣƬ䣬⽣󣬿һƬƬˡɼˣȻǻˣĪ˵չ⣬ѰԵҲѲܡ
ʲô
ȫԼĳôٵɽֻǴĿϵıУȻ澪Ŀ˿͡
ͣȻվԭز֪ȡ˸ԼĳȻ˵ƺԼǰǵ⣬̡أ
ԭʲʹ̫壬һһŽÿһ𹦾ȫɽǴ󽣵ͬһλϡ
ǽȻͶأЩãȴ㲻ʲôʱһŽȫУҲС
ֻͳ̫죬ҽţѰƳоֻй߼ʶһε˲Ƴϸ
ҲɽƵҶ̶ֻˣͬʱгȴ˺ȲʷԴʵԭ
ֻһȲʣ˽һ˲׾ʲô顣
Χ˶һֽ̾ѡ
һ˸ЦŶǱ̵ɽɹȻǾ޽ɣͿ͵һ־ǱȱҲˣ
Ȼж͵ĽΪͣȴֱӳϣϾԼһϣǰ̹Ȼ£ֻðȻ͵Ľȷף뱾ȣǲ
һһ۾ƳԵ˵ƽȻֻᷴˣһҲ˼ɣȻҪټṦ
һر̵޷ˣž޽һ㣬ڹķҲΪϱɽĶķҪȻŵЧõҲ㲻öǽŵ֮أ
ṦˣһˮԱ̸ɴͲ˵ˣολǱּߵǰҲܷɴ졣
һ˼״һţǸϵ˵çײˣ֣
æ񣺡˿ˡ
ǱӻģǾŽȴ۹һɽɹȻŵ٣ˣƾһṦ־⽭ݺȥˣ
ӲͨƲҲֻ˵ͷʵɱͲϰɣֻ˾Ž̥óķ޵֮
ѧҲһ׼ȫеˮƷһɻѧתԲϣŹĸͽûаֹϵ
ΪˣŽоŽɱ辶ĴʹŽ񼼣ͬʱﱾΪõһ˾޽ԭЧñҴԸǿϾŽרŴ˹ţȻݽϴԣʵԱȵһʱǿࡣ
˼䣬ֿ̨ϣֻͻɽıкŪƺװ13ʵȴǹڳ̬Դͣ˼ǲֱӽɱˡ
һԺȥ𣿡룬һݻɽɱ֮
ɽǱȥֻһԣԼص뷨ƺǾᡣԥԥĵ˵ͷ漴ףǻͬԼְˡ
ʵϻغǾᣬϣԼгУĹһ㣬˵ȥԼ书ɾ֮ȥ𡪡ɽǰҵĺӣ˷߾ûӰ
οݻɽĵҲףշպų͵˵ͷο˼Ϊ˰ͷȻ˵ԼδŵӣиΣֻί͡
ǰǳҪӣһʲôʲôʹȻʱûôֻ࣬һһˡ
ˣҲԼŲһԼɽͣδҪȥμӵԣǿеĿܣʱ˵ݵλһһأûκνĵطҵ֮
ƺûһĿˡƫºǰ˵Լδӣһ¾ʵ˵Ĺϵֵδ
Իڲ飬ͬʱֻԼδѾһƬûκͷʱͻѯԼ˼¸ж֮ҲٽΪѣͷЩ½
ͼͬ⣬֣ͻȻʲôƵأԾɽ̨ԵԻ˵˾䣺أ˫ã
һ¾ʲô˼˫Ȼܹȥݸͣлл
͸һЦݣɵѾͷлʲôݸأȻ˫վתɽ
һת˫вͣͺתĵͣһ˾Ʋ˫
ĳδŵӱУȡĹҲΪƼկһڱˣ
һ䣬ɽ˵ͼǰͻȻûӰĿĹˣֻѾԾ˿УӰһԳĸͳۣɽִ̧ͷûֻ˸š
һƲĸĸǼ٣ֻͶǼٵģһģ塪ԼεܵӰ죬ԲͱѸʹ̴ķΡ
̧ͷ䣬ɽͻȻԼһʹ͸оʲôȥĿһתͼεѾԼಱ΢΢̽׵ĵȾһʺ죬ǴԼѪ˳ŵϣյȥ
ʱ֪Ծ֮ʹľȻУԼעԼԼȻնԼ
ֻǰһͻȻ̧ͷ䱸ɽ˫һնʵʵնɽĲӡ
һУɱӥһ޶·ɣ
ɽֻòӲͣжʶҲѾʼģһ֮ǸһЩ˵ȴоԼͻȻƮƮ˰գת䣬ƺƼֳȾѪ˫Уվһͷʬԣ΢΢̧ͷעԼ
ʬ塭찡
һͷɢɽ漴ͨһ޷Ŀͷ­䵽̨棬ԶɽǾͷʬԼ˫ƾѪϵ͡
ۡ
˿̨ϣüͷ΢壬ͳƺ̫ɱҲˣΪλҪͷһ㶼аΪ
Ҳ룬ʦǱ˷ţֻλʩ̫ˣ
ǡڴʱվ̨ϣͳĻͻȻʧʹޣʹΪױ˳֮ڼ仰ﲵӲ壬򣬴һ֪ǻԹվãʱԷйŻ״ΣʱܴйĲȥãԹɢŪþͻֱӷ
Ҳûʲô飬ǻؿ̫ˣƼկһڲɱʬ嶼ȫկʬƣᶼǿ
һԣٲͳֺʦҲüͷһ壬˵˾䣺ֱε׼ȶУѹʱȫʬã
ʱɽ׽˸ɫƫλõģȻ֪ʲôʱѾѵ׽ŵȻ˲עʱûӰӡʲ˶ע̨ϣʱתͷŷ׽ﾹȻ˲ˡ
׽ŵǾȻˣ
û£ǶСආҪļأ
һλɽʦãм״ձҲվҲǣбȻȴһ˸ҳҪǸУͻɱ֮ΧЩ˿ɶǶݺݵأ
˫ն̨ʱѾ޻˹ȥᱧ;Ҷ˵һȻлؿջȥ
뵽Ǳߵԣһȭ±Ǳŵӡֵ⣬ɵ׼õķ䣬뱾ɾͨҽĵһҲɽ֮࣡
ҶһƣʦֳԼͷͱ΢Цŵһˣ͹ˣ
Ҳ¶һǳЦݣʮ֣ǽ׵ƺ⣺Ӧģֵܣ룡
ҶļԶˣһ䣺Ϲӵ봽ۣ
ʲͺǱɫῡվһֱͷһգͷһĻһ㣬ΧƼȻ˳ţ»ⷬ⾳
Ҷļˣȴ̲ס²䣬һԵѩ˾䣺ʦֵ۾Ⱦ˲
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ѩԽĵʲô봽ۣ
ûʲô֪ν͵ҶֻȥȻΪ˱ʦ׷ʣԾ̨


159 
ҶԾ̨ȻͬʦֵȥתЪϢֻص̨˧籱ֵռ̨ƬˣĪҪ⣡
Цŵ̨±ǽģҶǣ˵ִ̨ط˳
̨ϵʬѪԼıУȻбʰҶ΢һƳּʰʬʱɫÿ΢еֺ˹ǱЩδѪĵϰѪʡպɽæҵĸɶˡ
ⱱǸŮӣ㰲ŵΪǸмصѹŮִ֮Ʊȴ飡
Ҷվ̨ϣ׽Ǳߵ׽ţɽ׽֮ĶԹδᣬҶĳϲк֮£ҲϾɱ׽ŵƣȴԲٴˣ
˻˵꣬Ⱥһۡ
ģɽɺ׽ŵĶԹֻˣ
ͲˣĪɽɱ׽꣬׼Ͼɱ
ٺ٣еʲôϡ棿Ͼɱѵպ׽űôο׽Ѿ˺Ĺ󣬴ʱϾɱѵиԷ̵Ļ᣿
ҶŲǰ֮˰
֮λʲֲûλ칫ӵĽҶҪûֶΣѹס
⵹ǣ
ҪҿλҶΪȻȴҲʧ䣬¶˵ĺ򣡱ҪҲǹģҲǸ
⻰ǡ
۷׷ףҶȴ׽˶ɽʦվŭȵҶģĪҪ̫ɱ֮Ȳ̸ϾǺͻƼҵ˽ԹɽƼҳͷôҲʦҲɱˣƾǺ⣿׽ź۸
Ҷɫһ䣬Ȼ׽˵ӣɽɽʯ㣿
Ŷ
ҶȻѰ˵ȴڹǿ֪Զڳ˶˸֪ԭɽɺ׽ŻжԹڣ⵹ǲҶֳ׽ŵ鷳ˡ
ֻҶֵ׽»ʯƣұҲ׽ŵƣۻۡϵĹرˣѵ׽벻ʲɣ
ʲô˵ģ˵ٱʯô⻰˵ľе㲻ˣɽʦôʱ֮н֣ͬʦҲԾΪ˾䣺˵ʲôȥ
ʱҶĵ׽еģұ㵱Ѿ˴ɣ׷ڲԸģҶĳֶΣܽסҶĳУҲˣ׽ŵҶĳժǽӲ¡
˵˴΢һ٣ЦһƱҲˣøʦ
˵̶ֳȣǰҪͶԷˣֻҶĹʲŶѾɽǼɵ֣ᶯλθ֣
ǲӣҪȥƤ˱СһôˣԺҲ⽭лˡߵﶼ˱ӡ
ǶԥӶȴҪĶ࣬һһӣ泤һת˸ûӰ
׽ЩȻ˲ٵӣƤ֮׽޼ɣͲʲôһ֮׽۳žҪţ۵Լʱл·Ļʹ·
һȺӶѸݣΧҲ棬ҲԳ֮˰̾һɽΪ˲ˣµĵҲ˲Ȼᰡ
һĽˣϡǵõ׽ҲǽкŵĴɣȻģ¹Ȼ޳𵱽񽭺ķƱã˱ֶпһ
ôһᣬ׽ӾѾܵûӰλ׽űߵ˵״Ҳ˲֪١
ʱعͷʣСèֻֻЩҲඪ˱Уֻ·Ŀԥԥ
һʹʧһ䣺ҡû°ô죿žѪ˺ѷ֮С
ƫƫôôһ䣬˶õҲǿŲŲʧֱ̬ӾЦ˳ټ᳡ЦȴǸſӲ֪ѻǲѵĸǸż
ȥˡ
ҶĻ˻֣ȥҲ׽ŵˡ
һ䣬ϲ⣬ȻܳҶߵ˼ͷȻûӰ˼˾ȻΪϲУȴǱһͷҲ֪Ӧ˵
ȥ׽λ¾ֻʣʦöˣվΧһƬǼʵ˻һۣε̾˿ɽʦܶҶıȭ׽·Ҷ̸ֽУ
˵ɫ̳һһŲ̨ţ˼˲Ц·ڶݺôԳ㵽ҪҪ̨ĥ䣿
·Ҳɫһ죬̨Ĳǣôȥô
Ҷı·ڵ˸ɾҲûȥ·ӡ΢еĹۣ˻֪άԼƣԺ򶷣ǿԸӣ
Ѱ˼ţͻȻһһתͷȴѩ˵ʦ֣һʦɣ
Ҷ룬תͷ·ĵ˱ɽѹ£Ҳǿοʦý֮ɽҲмܣʦöԸӦûʲô⣡
Ƭ̣ûʲô⣬ѩ˵ͷɣҲǸˣ
ѩƲƲ죺Ǳ߻վŸŮأҲûߣѵҲˣ
ҶԾ˵˻æһ䣺úãǽܣ̫Ϊǣ
ʡã
˵С˶ֻҶĺŮ˵˼仰󣬱ת̨ȥ
ɽѩ׽ֽ̣
ȵҶߵ̨ϣѩת·һȭԼ֮˲֪ԭɽɴ󲢷Ҷų֣һŮӡ
ɽɻ̫дˣ·Ȼһ㣬ôҲ׽һ
ԱʶѩЦһʲôŮҶŵʦãһ־ĽʹҪ˵ɽӦλŮŶԣͽʩŽĹôҿ·˲Ŷԣ
д£
Ļд
۷׷ףǱ·ȴԼԼ̨ȻҪҶĹУǺŮӡһŮӣٸҲޣԼȥ˵ܽһֻҪͦһ󣬺ˣҲ㶪ˡ
뵽ˣŲԾҲͦ²ҲĴ˵㣬ղ˰ĹҲһľ룬һ·Ȼһ꣬ϵ̨ѩȭ׽·ɽֽ̣
ȴ֪ԼʲǷ̬һЩ˵٣ɵñôô
ʱңңվ·Ȼ󽫽ֶһԣ˸ƣŮ룡
ѩҲͲٺīֱ˵˾䣺Уδ䣬ȻǰԾ
·ѩƷȭ֮Ĺ򣬱ϾûѩűôԶԼԾͬʱƺԼ
ֻԼгӦʱ䣬һ䣺Ů̫ᣬôԶУʲôã
ͷû䣬ֻѩָңңһ㣬һ۵ƿϮ·ϰ⽣ȻϤ״󾪣гͬʱһԾӦԷӺӦͻȻĽ
ĽĪŮвж̽
ʲŶòִ٣ûƵʱֻ˽ȻȫתͷȥѩֻѩѾͣΣԼĪɲĵط̧ʳָ̽һɫĽʹָϷų
ַŽ
Ҳ·֪ɽȻϢȴû̫£ֻǸҥıǸҶĻĴŸעҶĵʦʦþ͸ӲȥˡԼ⣬ȥ·ˡ
ʱ·ţͻȻ̨´ʦһ󺰣ʦС󣡡
һѣ·ͻȻԼԺȻз֮ƿնæһӣյĶһ¡
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亹ȻûԼʱʵôÿһŶڵϣŲҿ
٣·һĪǻǣõĻǴ찡

һЦԼƶôף̧ͷٿɫѾӰɽɵŮҲվԭؿʵ򲻴򣿡
·վȻһ᳤ȻҪ򣡡
ѩ˵ͷȻҪǱٽһУ˵գһգһɫֶһ㣬ȴһĽ˳
·ѩ־¸ǳԾǽԼûжʱ䣬Ҳѩһ
κδʱȴɲЩ飬𳤽׼Ӳƴʲֱ֪⣬Ҫô׵ģӲƴһ£ֱӽǽɢ
ҾͲͽʩŵĽжǿ
붨ѩȳǵȴѩȻʱƺͬ죬ɵһ֮ʱȳĽȻһתһ䣬Ʈ徿Ҫδ
õȻԽԽ죬Ƭ̼Խȳǵɱ·ǰ
һ仯ֽ·ΪȣгæһᣬѾɵǰɫһġ
һ£Ȼһѩ֮ǿԶ·Ԥϣһ𣬾ȻҲղסѩһַɳǺ䵽˵ϡ
·֣Ŵ֮ʱڶѾ⽣ƮƮĽ׽巽򣬴ʱɵǰˣȻ·ʺ
ӣ
·۾һգڣ͸оԼתȦһ·𱻾һ£·а̾һȻǽĪҲҪʦֵĺô
ֻѰ˼ţ˰ȴûʹУʶд档۾ѩ;վԼ·۾һƳûǽӰӣֲԼвԾĵط
ҡô
һʣ±һЦĵĸȺкһ䣺㻹ûŮһ
·ԼûæԼһĨȻûаѪգȷɣ׹ѩղ飬ʱ˽
лŮ飡
˵꣬Ҳռ̨ϣæµֻ̨ʲǽѾɵԼǰҲиоû
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ԭѩǵֻһȦɢȥδ˵ֺʱƮͷҲûе㣬Ǿ˷ֺ
㣬·֪˼һʼԼǵһҪҪԵģֻҪʱѩʹһתʮҲǲǽµġ
ͨ˴ֳɽ˱˱ȭȻ׽ӣ̾˿Ѿκμˣȥɡ˵꣬ԼʦûߵʧˣҲ֪պ󽭺ϻ˷

׽˾ȥҲ㱻ɽ˸ϡﻩ׽һƬǽλã۲֮֮øЦҲ֮صУӣʲһ֮ҲŤ˵Ĳӡ
̨Ƕɽ˵׽ѾӦսλ¹ɽɣɻҪսɽɣǱߵϯλô
Ҳй£ǹɽΪѣҶҲλͬһ֪
ɽ׽ţǵȺ۵׽ŵƣǴˣʲһɽתȦ¶˰ȺҲСɽɣӲɽֻһҶĻ
һЩˣԴֺõҶ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôϡ顣
ɴʱҲɽɣɽǰûͻȻðҲΪ档
ȻʵǺ棬ʵһľǴΪɵˡ
׽ţ֪պֵԼ
׽ʵԸһߵɶɽ˶ûʲôɫɵ֮һĿȻ
ʵǿļ˼½ദȴ˴𰸡
Ҷ˲ɿɽɶ߶߶Ӷ룬ŽֱӾ͸ɵĹϵ˻ĵӡ˵Ҿȥ֮ɵĴлҪɽɰæȫأ
ʦзӽɽɰɣ
ŽɲԣѾ˶ƣֻ˵˾䣺Ժʦϸ˵
Ҳ֪˵˶Ӳöԣ˵ͷ˵
ɽǱߣڿѩת仯ĵĽһЦԵʦܵɽ廨ŵĶ治٣ԽԽ˼ˣ
Լʦ΢ԵеŹֵЦݣȴԽˡѾ뵽ʲǸʹļṦ΢һתٿһʦܣȴѾȻ
иһϣɽĪҪʧ漴תӣλϲҲٺԼʦ˵ˡ
ңȴɫԽѿֻעְʱȴһķ˼飺ֺɫƺҲÿô£
ȥԼҺһ˵Ӷ޼˵˾䣺Īְɽ֮䲢ôܣ
һ仰жéٿԼӼһ£˳ɱˣʲŵΪֻͬˣٺ٣ֻƾְΪǲģ
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ӽλʰ׵Ȼ׽ŵժתҪɽɵӹȥȴҶһֿտգûֶ
Ҷû׼Լţ
Ҷ֪ԭҪڴϳͷλõɣȱԼģֻҪλãֱӹϡ׼ģ⻹ͷһݡ
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Щɻ󣬵ǻشʯͷǵ޽̨ʣµķϣֻһֱûʱ˱Ҳûˣ
ҶЦЦõĻ½һãɣ
΢һ㶣漴һȻֻҶҪʯͷԼҲǸʶ飬Ҳ޷ЦҶǣ
һ˾һ˵⣬ǵطѾʰ˳ɽĲһ֪ɽûԤţֳ˵СΡ
ˣⲻҲһ̸ЦҲһЩɽɷͷ̫ʢЩۺ˵˾䣺Ȼûʲôɣȳʶ֪
֪û䣬ͼҶԾǿʯԱߣһӣֻϹһţǴʯȻһ飬¶һƽǳƽ
Ȳ֪ȥ˵Ҷָӣݺᡢʯм׷ɣֻգۼ䣬ȻҶŪһֲڵʯ
һ˺ͻʦҶ̸Щ飬ʱȴҲ˵ҶһֽʯĹһ£̸̴΢šѰԶ𾪣֪ʯͷжʵҲ޽̨ȴһӼгһʯ
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160 
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һûʲôãǾۼһһƷ磬Ʈĳɢһԡֻᣬ־ܷųǿƷ磬Ȼ˰Գޡ
ʦһ֣ҲǵţԵһ˵Ҷ겻ڹΪȻ񣡡ҶַųǰԵһĳǿƷ磬㶯ƻ첻ƫǼġ
˵Ʒ磬Ϳǽ֮ǿᣬԶʤʲ̨ɽɵŮʹ֮ȰԵǻʦҲԳĲӲӡ
һ˲ԣֻ۲죬ȵҶƷһģվԭصʱͻȻһǡûʦޣһ˵ҶŵڹȻЩŵûдʦǰ񣡡
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Ǹ˾ӣҲ˳ˮ飬ٲЩǸ֮ͽҲƾ˽ţնݳ


161 һXȥ
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ŵĵӣҲ˵Ǻǻô㽫ؽʹģӦòޱ֮һҪѧһЩڱ仯ѧ첻Ҫ졣
Ҷֻܸ̾һ䣬׷Ǳ˹ֻǶĳЩĹ츳ڡҪǸһ书ʹãǺѣ
תһ룬Сͽѹûʲô棬ѧҲֻѧһЩǳĶʶǲ֪͵ȥҲԺԴܿϣ
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ʵطҶʵʱֻʣУһʽӦԣ
ʱԳҲɵӣԻ𣺡һɨ𣺡ȫ֮Ҳֻһ䡰һĹȥ
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̵һ󣬱ͽԼǶ࿴Ƕû˵ǱĵӣһʣԹԲʡ
ʤ˼ӣα仯Բ䣬ϲӦ֮Ҫ˵һ룬л֮ӣǹԽԽԻ󣬷ȥǡ
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ѩʲżҶָӣûҴţʱŵҶĵʦԽԽŵˣ
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һεĵԣμͨԵĹԼǰȡùʸȴûμӹԵˡ
һֻܲμһΣͳԶšܹμӵĶıһְٰڡ߻Ҫܳڵıӡ
ԻǻʵҪԿУһ³Ĺˮƽͬʱųһʡ
ϾһȺӢеľӢȥ˵ȻԹ˵Ҳһͬʿ֮׵ľǴ˵е״Ԫۡ̽˵еĹٳ
̳ĿƾƶȣܹμӵԣǾȡ˹ʸ񣬶ɽȻǸ͵õ˹ʸġѩҲ˵Ϳ˹ʸ
Ĳȥμӵԣ


162 
˴ʢᣬڵһΪɽɵͻȻһС߳ͻصԭƽȣĻС
ҶڰԼȡһŵϯλ֮ҲͲ̨ܵȥͷһɽѾ˷ͷټĻз硣
ѾΧɼɵԼĿиеһЩΣʱ죬ʵĵ͵һýµֹһ²ȷѡ
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ְǻиĿ꣬ʱɽɷ
Ҷڵһ˺ͻʦַɵͣϼһÿǰᣬô
Щǵ񽭺Ĳ֣ñȥͣԵö䲻ӣⲻ˻ķϼһҪ¶ԼһȵıֺһȥЩ
ͣߣҲʲôãҶĿ͸̾ںڵǿλѾ˵ĵУûһ˾˰ڲʲôףѹɽҪԽȴʼһʮھܸı˵ģ
תɽһƣǸֳŲְƱ⼸û֮쮵ƣһĸ֮ȵ֮ͣ¹Ҳȱȱǳ
Ҳֻ˲ܹһ;ߵĹ߹ԶҶһֱ֪ԼܷﵽǸΣϾ˼ң⣬׷ǿҲԶЩߡ
ҲҵҲһɽصСӰˣĳĦ˼Ǹƽƽָ
ڴʱҶļȻԼ˵ڿ˸оƱҶıһȣƺк
ҶȻȷȴû£ǰĲյҲңңؾһ£ҽյ˵һڣͬʱһֱͣϡҲһڱоƣȷȷںԼк
ĻҴкֱﰡﰵ֣кһ䣺ӦĿһУΪϵİԵ۰쵰Ҫƻ谡
ҶԳԼɽӦö벻λֵķ۲Ŷԣ⼸λɽŵͷܹȤӦǾŽǿˡ
Ȼ˵ҲӦǣսɣҲǣӱҪ찡¹ȻֻҲǿѽ֮ġ
Ǹղһ£ƻҶԭֻЩɲֱ˵ǸСۣ鷳
ȻΪӵĹϵɽƺɽⲻҪһԲӦڡ
£ʵ
͵ԼԵͣԼλʦԴհر˳֮ûô˵ֻϵıȴԳ࣬һִ֮С
СӲֱӰظ˰ɣ
͵ĴѾɣһɢûЩɡο봿޼ͬûЩɣԴŹ֮󣬾Ͳͯˡ
ʱ̬ҶдλҲתͷѾָ࣬ȴһԲʵʵĻء
⼸Ҳе㷴Īˣ
֮ȼҲ˲ˣ͵͵ôܵĹԼʦһȻֵ˾䣺ʦܣ⼸ôˣ
תͷҶı鲻䣬Ŀ̨ϵĴ򶷣ҲԴܴûôʦֺδԣ
Ҷͷʵ벻Ӧοȥ顣һż潫뵽Ӧοڣʦܣպιδ޵Ĺϵ
֪ΪҶԼԴ˵ԭ顣ȷõǰ˵ˣܰر𣡡
𰸣ҶĲ⣺Ҫ֪㵱ºܵ˵δŵӣʵĻ£ӽ£Ī׼Ȣţ
ͻһʲô뵽ʦһֱ֣˾䣺ΪҪ뷨ӣغܲȢˣҲܸ߶һ
Ҷ֪ԭ͸ͶԻ֮²⣬λ칫˵Ȣ˭һڣֵֻȢЩԸƢԶ֪ĳǧ𣬻Ȣһ˳۵Ůӣ
ҲǱƵķˣʵҲԸ˵ýĸŪķޱȣҶȢһԼûŮ˼˷У˰ڲ˶ʮ꣬òˣȻʲôʲôԲŻ־
ҶˣҲ֪ǶǴתͷۻأü˳Ŀüֳ࣬û˵զզӣ˵ҲռҲǻججģѩȻһȴҲֻһ䣺ĪҪģû£ûġ
ϲô
Ҷ˷ʣ룬һҶѪĴ𰸣ҲǺòľӣһֿĵĸо
ҶĲˣҲ֪ԼֻǶкøУȥǻһε·ȥɴ죬Ƕ˵飬нɡ
ϲͣͲִأôҲǻ
պϴպҲʹպϹȥˡҰοһ䣬Ҷջעֱʱע⵽̨ϾȻվΪϤˡ
ŭʲôʱȥģ
ﱻѩʦԷ°ۣ˵˾䣺ʦܹ֪˵ʲôʱ򣡡
ҶԴ󾽣Լʹ̸ȴûߵѩεЦЦ˹ȥȻںһô
ˣһ嶡ɵ˸̨ѩ֪ҶĸղŷˣͲ̨֪Ϸʲô飬͵嶡ɺϴδϵְ˴ְһӵģ
ְϴδ϶˹̶ϯλĶˣҶ֪Ǿȴ˸֪ŭǴ¼ҲǻĪҲ˵ֻƬԾô£ҶĲ֪ǲŵ֪滹嶡ɵ顣
ǿ嶡㲻һŭʰҲ֪Ǿʲôδδģ
˼⣬ǴΧɵֻƬе֪һ鱨
ԭϴδʱְ⵽裬ֶˣ嶡ְֻ߽ڽ񳯣׼ıܷŹְִܳ۸ְڸֶʹʱݺݵĳְＸƳ·ͷ
ºְûбһΪ嶡ɵ̫ƫԶְȻû߽⣬ϼҲϳǰֱֺӷŻﶪˣһ
Ž嶡ɴڣǺһʵͲְ֪ɵٴˡ
嶡˼̨ŭһһ£ֻƾһȭ嶡˽п಻֣ҲƲ˹ŭǽֵĻйŭ׼һȭѪɳ嶡ɵơ
ְ嶡ɣȺ۵潫嶡ɵӸյǵְ̬һ죬嶡ɴڣɾͬ
ְΪû˱ʾ飬ֻǳ嶡ҪͷԼ˴н֮ȫҵġ
һʦҲûеͣͷֻǹŭһֱֺ̨ӱ̬˭ҲĪ⣡ְ嶡ûңû
һ£һ˾ͲȥûȤֻǶԻʦЦһ˵ҪڵӴɱķˣȴѾǰжϳŭһ˱嶡ɡ
ʦȴްԵ֮ɫֻţӻ
嶡ɱЩ̸ʣԽδȻ֣⻹ûѾɴӽгˡ
⼸յĶǵҲǲ٣Ͼϻǿ˵ͨʱһΪ֮
ңеĶԹܵͣĻǸɱĻڵء
ִϵ˽ⲻ⣬ȴǲ˽ȥҶԷ鷳ˡ
ɽ׽ţˣȥЩܵûμӴ׽˵鷳
пͱҲһ㣬ڴϽˣ±㵽ΪֹȺ۹֤ڴûɱ˶Է㵱ʱѾַ֡ȥ׷ɱôͻ⵽ȫ˵ıӣһǧɡ
嶡һ꣬ŭȴų̂Ҷϣְ֪嶡ֻǰϷĸ߳ʱſʼѡ
𻰣ְһЩףҲŽһ˰գ
ŭֱӽìͷ׼ᣬΪǰéһɡְﲻô緢ѣǱ鷳Ҳһ¡
ɽҶҪ͵һЩʱȽԼˣŭѾƳҶĵ뷨֪ɽһηͷ̫ʢҪϢһɴཨԼԼս۷ʱȰѴá
ֺ룬ùŭԲ޵ֱ˾ϣҲã
ŭ֪һʼϳͺ󣬾Բͳ˧һȥǰڡ嶡ɣȷҶ룬ǹų̆һͷ˳ص档
Ǳ߼ְҲþȡڽλϱһսˡ
ҶڹŭĻƳţֻԼһƣҵĴӶ޼һ㽻ɣ
˵ͷӦ޼֪ƵأҲþϲ˵ͷλվԾ̨
Ȼ̨ǵϯλǶΪ˵ֱԾ£޼ڿһһת䵽̨ϣ˵
ҶڵƵУⶫ޼ԼĪʮ£ʲһṦȻȴҲ
ⶫ޼ʲô취ƵŭĽ֡û׼ȭŹŭʤˡ
ô˵Ҫƾھ͹ŭʤ
˵ȻҲǿԸ־ģǿ𵽱ȵõЧֱӽԷƵһɶƵǰ㣬㿳һӣȴ޴󰭡
Ѱ˼ţͻȻųϾȻ֮ԺӣҲܵһӰ졣


163 
֮Ҷüͷһ壬ΪԼȻܵӰ졣תͷһ޲ˣǿΪ⣬ǿѾĿ˹ֵ
⾿ʲô书
뷨ĲҶģһЩʶ߶䲻˽ҲüͷѯʣЩΪģܿ˵ר˹
ǡڴʱһֱվԭصĻʦͻȻ̾һһӷ𣡡
ȫǺܴȴ˲ͬʱһƽ֮У·Ƿһ㡣
ҴʱվԻʦȭȮûɣ˷ҳЩ཭ͬҪллʦֽȮӵ
ֱʱڶ཭˲׹һ֮ȻǶ޼ʹʱ״Ϊ湦㻽
֮Խ񣬻ܶԵ˵Ӱ죬ֻǶ޼ûɣȴѷֵңʹ᳡˶Ҫ˹ֿ
ҲǶ޼ãǶҳ֣ȴд̶֮죬ֻη֮Уȴʲô˺ֻ붫ҶԵ֮˲ŻܵӰ죬Ӱ
ɼ㶫޼δ黯ԸŭȴҲ㹻ˡӰ˹ŭĻǱϵһɫȻˮһ㶶ͣ붫޼ʮк󣬱޼һ󣬻ȻˮһſɢΡ
ŭһΪӲӲ򣬻ƣҲмܶ޼Ľ޼һƴȳѪ
ȻΪֱ׷ˣ
ŭʵҪʵΪⶫ޼ȻȴҲǿᡣκžѧר¸ֻ徢Ǵ󲿷ֻ幦ĿǣԼһΪ붼ڻ幦ϣ˿ǣҲ⡣
ʵҲǿǵŭʱԷʵԲŽȥ̨㽻ֺԼԴá
޼΢΢һЦԼ˳ѾõĹŭǵ⣬ȭãã
ְȻڿƿսԭȴ˫ڰЩĦûݵĵز˵»Ҫ档
˫ֳʤ󣬻Ҫһֵ̫ճ
ŭˣȻٴȥӦһ̨صԼλУԼҰиУǶ޼û£
ԳܹӮǶ޼ұƳȻԼͿԴȥġ뵽Ȼ޼׾ٵĽֲҴˣ˭Ը޼ȴһ⡣
ҪȥǶ޼Ƕ޼޷Ź˹ϵĻ澢¾޽ǲǹģҲ֪ʱ˸顣ⱱҲʦţ˭й˼ɡԼʱְǿУҲڰеĵλ
ȴֱֺЦһӻ֣أԳֱˣ
˵꣬Ҳζ˺һԾ˳ȥٿεʱѾվ̨ϡ
ֺһ¶Ľ˿Уǰһ̶޼ЦеĴְǱߣѰ˼ְ˭һԼǰѾ˸ˡ
һ˵һȵ˭ʱŶ񣬱ȭԭְ¾Ȼְ߿ˣǲʤң
Ȼгְ˿֮ӡ˵ʱɫԴ֮ɫʵֲ²⡣
ֺȻƲһ㽻֣ⲻԴС֮ӣһֻУӵ£ְˣ
޼ȻƲְǶֺȴּɵְ磬ΪˣԼҲСӡȻ
뵽ֺȻŵֻУһ¾ͽж޼˼ֻУδزܽ
һҲԭĶƣʲôֺ㽻׶ԸͷҲһԣڱӦãְȻ¾ְУ
˵գȫ֮Խֻһȴûʲǰ㲻ʵĸоȴⶫ޼ȫ񶼼еֺϣԼеҲʼӰˡ
Ҽ˾ӦΪԼӸˡһֺǹžӾⲻһġ
ֺĹĪо޼ȻС
߻û꣬ͼԼһԳһȴǾۼһһƣҪֺƺûع֮ǰ˶Է
⣡
ԼӾȻҰһãѣͻȻֺͻȻ˫Բ͵ǰһͻȻԳˮĵɫ⻪ֺһȭȭ統оȻк֮
޼ۼһҪһƽֺȻܣֱһȭңһΪҲǲףĸ°һ㿴ִһм
ȭཻȴʲô죬Ƭ֮Ƕ޼ſһѪ˸ǵɶһֱɵһߵ̨Եͨһˤڵϡ
޼
Ҽ״󾪣Ծ̨Լֻǻ˹ȥһ󣬷ֶ޼һɰԵɢȥû˵ԼอˣֻҪһ¾ͿԻָ
һԼеӽ޼̧ȥͬʱιҩϸ˵
վֺһȭҪлְ飡Ȼ˵һŭȴ˭ƵĳϾԼǰ˴ˣҲǴĳһͣĵûǲܵġ
ֻǶҲçײ֮ˣֻƾղֺһȭƳְĹȻоԼܷʤԷ˵׼顣
ִһҰѾʼ
ʱֺͻȻڵĹ򣬵˲˲١
ҽʮ࣬ѾǱʮˣԶֵ׳ֺ˵ϰ֮ˣгɣһ㲻ʮ꣬ܵı仯ԡǶæڴ⹦ͷ࣬ձȥѪԶ統ڷܡ
һΪԵڹ֮߱ЧΪϰʱ½һȻǱĽϿ죬һΪ˲Զһһ㣬ԽԽҲ˥ϵĺ
ֻЩӶ޼ΪһΪҲǽĿ죬ֻҪԼӱܽ˲˲վȻֺһۿ˳
ȴֺ֪ܿ˲ǽܹ˹ǿʵˡ
һ湦ô˵Ѱͷкʱƾ趫ҹΪ˲˵ʵѾְһֺ书Ľȴʼδ
⻰һ䣬µҶıôѶĶ֮мֵ׳ֺѾ˲ԸֺоξôҶûʲôʤ㡣
һҶĲֻ֪ƾֽϵʵжϳ֮Ľս
Ȼ˲ʹԶǶ޼ܱȣһʹֱԼǲһſһ߷һҧֺš
ֺĹȽϼ򵥣ֱֱȥ仯࣬ʤھʮ㣬ҶĽǼʶξڴ˳İԵھȻǿᡣ
ÿζҳУֺܣֻȭͷӲƴÿӲƴֺռˣǶζĵȻҪмֺ͹
⹥Ʊֹ˳һ㣬һδƽһ಻ƫǿԵޱȣѰͱӿθûˡ
Ƕϵûͣ¹Ѿͷ˵ŭεжԿ֮ÿÿΪҪµʱһЩơ
һ󣬴ذڳ˶ȲεĽָ˵ǹ㣬Ʋ׵Ҳһҿڣһͻһսһ㡣
᳡ɵǾֻҶˣɽſſţȻһδƽϢһϮԵѩ
ΣҶ˵һ䣺㲻˵ĴֺĹΪô
һͣ͹ȻȻĵôһ˵Ȼˣ˵ֵԼʦ֣ʦĪƼλֽ֣ʲô񹦣ղЩĪǹھ
ҶĲһѪһһҪ㹦ھӻһѡĪ˵ʮһǧһҲĵĳ
ȴڨЦ˵˾䣺ں԰ˣʲô򡭡
ȴֻⷬ͵ǫ֮ԣֻǵͷ˼һδƽһ籩ꡭھ뽣С

ҶֻûƾǺȥˣͬʱҲٳ˭֪λʲô
Ҫ¾λ᲻سɣȥ
²ţԱѩȴĵʦʲ˵Ǽ仰ʱŹ֣
ҶĵĪиڴʱҲԴܻӭҪֱԼףŪԼҿջ¥ҲЩ⡭ʦҲǺõġ
뵽ѩüͷ˵һ䣺ʵ̫ʦԺĪҪ˵ˣ
һ仰ҶֻŵͷȲ裬̨ϵľʴ򶷶˺öࡣ
裬ֻΧ˺Ȼһٴ̧ͷȥֻǶҾȻֺͬʱһƣԼһ
ʲŶҳʱҲֻ֮ͣһ֮϶ѣʱȻסⶫҪƴˡ
ֺ״Ҳأˮ⻪ȴǲԽԣ粨ӿĴһһ˫ȭͷɫƱˮסһ
˸ȥʥʿ
Ҷ֪һ̶ȻԳ󣬵ǰҲһ⻪ˣԼƣûʲôŵЧ
֪һԶֻԳһЩɫô򵥡뵽˴ȫ˹Ǹʲô
ͱСǿƵİɣ
ΨһҶҵǣ̨λûͻȻһƣȻԶһȭͬĹ⻪ײһɿֲըĿž
ɵȻҶľôҲֻ֮ϣͬʱʱ֫ӴղԴִԺĿų
ֺ˫ȭ˾ÿһȭӳһƬ֮ûȭͷƿյÿγҲһһȫ
ҶƵʣͻȻһŵŮӶźôһɽλǰ棬ҶĵһЦ˵˾䣺λҪô

һ㵲֪Ӧ𣬱ֻҶļĶˣ̵˾䣺ݣ˵Լ豭˵˾䣺ٸˮ
ǱŵЦӦ˾䣺ϣȻֶԲԶһˮͬźʦ֣ߣ
ṦǰҶĵ˸ˮˮæ֮ܵȥȥˡ
ⱱǿ¥ôͿԶȥıŵƵֹһ䣬ǡñԱɵһȥЦŶ˵˾䣺٣λ̨˵Ļûⱱ·ԲһڵĲ¥ⱱŵĲҵ˵ŲٵӶȥ¥æ׬ã
ҶҲʱ豭һ䣺ԭˣ
ǡڴʱ̨ͨһȴǶҲֲ֧סֺ籩Ĵ򷨣ãֱӵ̨ϡ


164 
ղֺҶĶ⣬еȵǶҾȻֺôòŰ
ʱѾ޳֮˼ǿվֺȭְ֮ߣϷĺܣ˵վͲΡΡ̨ӲŲŻصԼλȥ
ְ֮ĳͻǰ䶼ûᡣֻᣬְӮһгͻĵطȻҪѡ˵ġ˵ıȶǳ֮£
οߣΪұ۵Ķ޼Ҳˡĸ߶սʧȥս֮ҪְƴһսƴĲ
ֻһ棬ƴƣ
ˣ˼ҲĺܡְȻͱˣȴܲԶűʧĿЩ˳ȥһЩպܹǿٴֺｫĶ
̨ϵֺʱѾһ̨֮ϣԲʱϵ̨ϣְֺһְֺʤأְõִĹ̶ϯλλͬвͬģ
ԭִĹ̶ϯλҪڽӵ㹻֮⣬ҪִЩӵй̶ϯλеһֺ˶ңôְͿ¶һ̶ϯλΪԼһλÿǰһҪǧﱼ
ͬǣڶù̶ϯλʱ򣬵˲ͬ⣬ΪɲӵλãҲ̨ս̨ôλȻҲͲˣֻս˵ûκκôǸϯλ䵽ϣֱȡ˵Էһ㲻ǳУȥɨµ顣
ֺʱվ̨ϣ˵һɨȻ˸ӣֻһѹڼɵöһĭȻῪֺԡ
ֺʲ¶һǿգ󲿷˶ԼܱȶһǿҲʱҪʲôͷ
ӦְֻλǵˣҪϲֺͻȻɽǱߵְɽЩ϶һ˰ɣҶΪΣ
һԾ
ɽԴӳڱִ֮ʱְһֻ֮ϵޱȣӦսѲŶԡ
ɽԳֶΣ˵֪ɽҲʵǿְֻΪδᣬȻһλǿԮ
뵽ʱְ֪ɽ֮䲻սѣƺǵжԵĹϵֺȻʱ˵ֻⷬѰ϶ҸʱһҲˣɵĹϵѾһ̶ȣǲͷڡ
᳡˶ĿתɽְֻǱ˶ڰһͻȻоǲ⣬۾ֹţֺ㾿ʲô
ŭҲǰ˼⣬Ϊڴ½ɵʱְͻȻ鷳ɽɵʵѾʵǺöԸĽɫְҪȷڽϵĵλɽɵ鷳Ӧ֮ٽŶԡ
ĪҪŻɽһˣŭ뷨Ҳְ˵뷨ֻǷֺʱȴ˵֪
˫ճȭͷüͷһ˼ҪҪ̨һӹĪֺҪҳôʲôô˼ȥʼղҪ⣬ֻ棬̬չϣѰô𰸡̬ƿصĸоǲˬ
ҶǱҲǷǳЦ˵˾䣺٣ûְ鷳ְȴѰҵȵĻˣ
ѩȺһۣҶĵȥֺʲô˼
԰գҲȶ˻ػֱԾ̨棬ֺȭְȻҪŴ˴֮ĶԹȻòˡְ֪Ҫν
ʱһ˺ͻʦҲڵۣҲû뵽ɽɺְȻоסְոնִĹ̶ϯλֺʵԽ˹Ŀ࿴ϰĴϣһʵǿɡ
ְ𣬻ʦһ˶Ǳֵ֧̬ȵģֺûȻ˷ȴ̬ѹСû¶ˣͬʱҲû
Ľ֮ˡ
ɽɣۼֵ½ɣδֵҶġѩͶǲʮˣδʮ˽ֵҪսԸħ
Ҷо֮磬Ϊǫ񣬻ʦһ˶ҲкøУǱҪʱɽһҲǲС
뵽ʱ˿õ֮侹Ȼ˳ͻ˼ƺ֮϶ˡ
ħʼԽ𣬱ģԼ澭ֳ飬̸οУ
һ˸пһ䣬ҲΡֺƢʲѾ˽⣬λְҲһĸ֮Լȥ⣬Ҳֻһӻҡ
ʦҲΪֻõź󣬱أžģֻǲ֪ľһΡ
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ֻɽɣְҲȥ룬ֻͻȻоòܾҪ鷢


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˵꣬ҶĿڻشֱӾǼգۼͳ嵽Ҷǰ
Ҷ̨֮ʱֺңңԣǷֱվ̨ߣ˵ľҲ൱֮Զ뵽ֺֻǼ⿴ľͺƲһ㣬ȵҶĻعֺѾһȭֱȡҶš
ȭδ֪ǿȭѾѹȵҶĴȭͷϵľеĺˣӿ˷֮
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Ϊȭʱƣ˫̨ϻԶסΣҶ˵ĻԶһЩ

ѾӲƴһǣҶΪӲƴȻֺռšξǰԵǿĹֺֻҶĴʮ꣬˲֪ڹΪϾҪҶǿ᲻١
뵽ӲӲһ֮󣬳ԿľȻֺҶȻԾҲǺԶȴУûܵʲô˺
ֺ֪ĶҸ˫ĿԲֱ̨ܣ
ҲƳֺղųʱƻƣʲһ֪ξжôԵ˵Ҷܹµġ
ǰҶֻǽǿˣʱ֪һڹΪȻҲǲϾֻӲӲĶƴƳһΪߵֺ͡ǿҶ֪ʲŴսҵʱƵ
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ʮŬܻһеǵĿ̨ǸӢˣĿź⣺ĪҪʧ
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ЩƲֺȴһƳǬһ䣺ù򣡡οʲҶĶһУƷǱ˶༸˽⡣
ҶŲ߾ȭϵĹҲǲĳ֣ܵҲ޺ˡ
⻰˵ûͷûԣҶǲףʱȴ²⣺Īֺʲôӣ
ֻȴԿʣΪֺһ仰˵꣬ϣ˳ƻһһУξǿһУһУ
δ䣬ǿȻҶĲͷƮڲͣƮһ׼ŸƱǿѹһݶŤ
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ֺʹзҶҲ˲ľͷһ¾ƿƷ磬ͬʱԽԽŨơ
Ī˵ұ۶˶ҪڵҲƲֱŨĿҪһɫĹ֮ʱҶͻȻһҲƳ
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ΪھʵйŻûʲô˵ĳ档ֺҶ˫ཻȻƲ󣬵ȴҪԶʲűȶ
ʱĶһ𣬾ȻεĴӱƴ˱ƴھƫ˭ҲұУֻòͣĴʹҪԷھѹܶԷΪһ񣬱ľԼ
Ƽۼ˼˱ĹһãᱻԷԼڣͬʱԼҲİܾһɾ޴͵ͬʱԼͬȼֵھ벻ǲܵ顣
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̨ϵ˴ʱעŶԷҶֻвֺƥھھֹĺһ㣬һһֹֹ
ÿԼ೤ͬʱָ˲ܶסԺġֻͰԵվȲֺξֺΪȷ߹ҶģƴһʼƾУֺǱб

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䣬ֺվֻλλƣǿţͬʱͷһӿڶѪָǿ˻ȥȻֱͦˣ˼˵һ䣺ĳ˰뱲ӣٲȥˣ
ҶиɻϸʣͻȻһӰֱֺԺʱȴԳޱɱһ죬žҪֺĺϡ


166 Ū
ֺȻˣѽ;ƿ֮ƣôҲµĸ֣˴Ӻ͵ϮȻܲ
ֵǣֺȻܣֻ΢΢һͷܹҪȻƾһڼϣһġǱһĵĶˡ
һʵ˴һֵҲǴΪȣϾԼֺ˽⣬Ҳں޻ֺֻ֮ˣʲôƣǰһĪһƣҪûɱң
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ɲǴʲһΪ˷񣬺óûߡ˵ؾۼеоӢǹƾԼͶԸ˵ģԼЩҲܹмܵסȺӢ֡
߱ߣôף
һתͷͼɽɵҶâҫۣһɫȻָ֮ϲɢһɫһ㣬ңңԼ
һϸԼ˳ӵӾȻ룬ҶĽűߡ
ԭҶļ֣־ͷų룬ּҪûߣ̳˳ʾһԼĴڣһȺϹһ̨һᶼûˡ
˶ӹŲģϵĸеֶεһӣ㲻ʲô⡣
ҲҶϣ˷ȥĽɫǷһЩһ˻ܽЩֽţǷЩЩֶεģӦͶԸһֻӬҲࡣ
ֻŽӲһɵŽǰԼĪһԶȻͻȻı˷ȻžŽתȦԼ侹ȻһΧžŽɲͣתһͽ令м䡣
ӱмתȦȴԽԽһͣžһ͵˵ϡ
һ˵򵥣ӷɹֱһ־ͽץУǽӹһСһд⡣
ʦǲԲӹ֮ʱƤû̧һ£ֻһлʦͷʦû£ӱˣȻҲžһµڵء
˸ǸֶΣǱ߶Ȼ˵ˣǶԸôȴҲѲһ֮ͼڿƮƮΡΡûɵǰѾӿе䡣
ɽҲⶫӻڿУѩĽѾ˳ȥһ»񫣬ѩɫתӲӸг˽ۣͼҲֻǵһʦ㻹¡
ɽɡӺֱȥλɽɱԼǰ쮵ͷһôɵԼǰԽԽԽԽɵǰ֮Ȼһ㺮󾲾ͣǰ
ùǿŶɱӣһ󣬾ͺһͨһмָ们䡭
ЩҶĳն˸ʱ֪ЩõϼһǾжôǿԼһýӣȵԼʦһֽӽʳɷĩ𺳡
ɽɵǶҲ壬дʱ򶳳ɱĳ̫ˣҶԼĽ᲻ҲԺס
ֻ˲ȥЩҪߣɢĽ͵׳˼֣ȻһӣȻڿлһߣֱȡԲ̫Ѩ
Ҷһ֣ƷųʲôźһֵʿԾˣЩһ棬ͬʱ룬һ۾ƳһҶĽһһԾ̨ϣд󵶽ķɡ
棡
ҶЦһּ˼ֻǵѸޱȵĽȻֿ˼֣ǸͼҪڰ·ص˻ûüӵͱǿὣ˸͸ۼûˡ
ͬʱδֱȡҶȻûȫŪô£ǴЩϼһķӦ֪һԿ϶ˣǸĻֲڽ˼ɱ֡
ܾΣŪȣ


167 彣
ҶȻǿѸܹ鱻Ǹһ£ʱ䣬һߣֱȡԼ̫Ѩһ˱˹ȥ
ֻһܣǡþͽ˳Ҷɵ˴Ѿǿ֮ĩɢ֮ǰܹ˵ġ
ֻβһģѾûĽȻһɢһ½ҶΪԾ
֪Ů˹򲻵ͣ¿ԼСɴŮˡʲŴӻʦԵУ˵Ůʲô̵ʥŮֻƾ֪Һ˶ƣ֪Ůӵλ͡
Ҫһ㣬ǾڽһŪʥŮôְҵƺŵĽɣ಻ʲôˡ
һͨ׵Ļ˵Ǿǡаħ˵ö֮ʲԼһ֮Ѱ˼ܷû飬Ҳ̵˱ˡ
˼öһֻһľͽԼĵɢȻнѾǱɢԵʣһɽ˲ܺӡ
ٿ飬ʱֻŲԶֺʵôʲôô
ֺʱɫƣԳһĺΣ˶֪λְѾǻع֮ⷵ࣬ھҪҲѾˡΪͻȻнΪɰ˼⣬һʣ˾Ȼû˲廰ֺ
ĳСϰ䣬Ҳ츳ڣһֻħĴܽڶܾ̣ȻѰһ־ͬϵ֪Ĺһ
˵ֺͻȻЦһ뾹ȻˡҼǵǻǶʮǰ飬ʱ˱Ѿӣһ֮£ͳ԰Σĳʱֻ˱ĳҪѰҵļˣ
˴Ӧֵ⡣
Լʮǰδ⹴ֺͽ⵱ʱῡֺܵΪģƳǱ֮󣬱ְһж֮У뾹Ȼ˽飬ʱε
뵽˴һȻңΪҪ飿ң㽫һ˵һɾȫˣ
ֺЦһʮˣĳƲôĳһҪħȴΪ㣬ħ飬ʮʱ̲ڼ尾жȹʱһϣܸı˼ԶɽѰû֪ĵطµӣˣһвĳһԸ㡭Ǵûҷ
鲻ȷһֱûֺ书ԽԽߣһֱֻһƨɺ棬ǲӰˡ
㽫һжͱҪͬھ
ֺԹЦͬھҪͬھ㲻ƾ˴ĳǶˣĳȻҶһƣ̾˻֮
˵ˣϾ֮ɫĳ²˺ģ޷Է˳֣һƶǣҲĳӦеıӦ
˵Խңʱһ䡰ʮǰںⱲֵӡֻһ䡰ǵǴҪĹȴôʵҷ
Ӱ˵ĵǶֺȻ˫ãȻƲٹƬֺ̣ԽԽֱͣҲû˶˵Ƭ̲ȥһѾϢ
ӷ𡭡
ʦ˵ʲôֻôһ䣬һ˵ְұ˹ƻ̤;Ȼ򣬵Ҳһ׮£
뵽鳰ЦϵʿĪҪҲûйƻΪԸģѾְ֪ǴĶˣҶһֱʥ̴ҵҲʥˣЩνǸаħô
ŵѾͷ
˴ֻоŽɺڻʦΪСУʦҲЦӦ¡Ȼ겻壬ֺʲžŮ˶ʮǰѾģôҲʮࡣ
˽ѾͷܲʣǾŽɵûǣֺħ̾жʮ꣬ħѾָԪˣ
Ž⻰Ҳûе鱳ħѾָԪֺⱻҶĴ˱ʱЩֶƵĳֺͻȻܣҲֱҪȡֺ
˵ֺˣְֻҪɢôɿԽɵڸ׬ǮȻԴԴϵΪħṩǮڰ⣬Լ֣ǸɴҲһЩ˷Զ˵书ֶΣѹȥûʲô⡣
ȴѡֱӳ֣ҪºܵɱֺĪ˵ħֻ̱ҪһôҲְԼ֡
ˣŽΪǾְѾû̫üֵˣɴô˻ֱؽ̣ԲŻ˼ɣں¶Լݵֱӳ֡
ʵҲ࣬ǻһȴǾŽû뵽ģһֱΪֺԼʵ࣬Ȼѱ䣬֮߷ǳᣬֱ֮ӳ֣ûôࡣ
ǺҲֱӳɱ쿣Ҳ΢е⡣ǽдʲôϢҲ˼ˡ
ʱٷϻҲʲô壬ѾԣְʵǱħƣħʥŮħʹ֮һħжеλ֮ˣʱȺǰԳݣܽѣ
֣ʲԽڶкУмȻɱ̨һһͷֱӾͳ˹ȥɱȥЩֵᡣ
һ˼״Цһϵ̫û֣ЩûϵֶΣȻ㲻֪
ʦǵһξģͻȻһƶɮձҪЧǰˣħ
űϣͻȻһӰгֱʦЦϺкȥȪ·ϽħɣֻԼһȻܹϺնأһ֮󣬺˼Ӳһ㣬ϴķֱ֮гֶ
ȼ䣬ͻȻǰԳһȭͷȭͷԽԽǰһڣʲô֪ˡ
һƼڵʦ޺ȴԽĲˣȴ̧ǰǺ˵ĳһǳȻѳһƬǺ˻ڸѿһӲͣѪ
۾ֵԼھҪˣȻϵʿôתǱһڵء
ӷƶɮҲûˣǰԵ
һһЦ⹦̫ǶԸħˣϵҲǲõģ˵ǸʬһۣȻƲڣȴ֪˵ѾԼһƬĭ
˾Ͷ㽫ĺɱҲǲضá
ŽǱҲζƾԶǸ˺޻ֻ֮һֱûȥɱ֣˴ʱɻź
ҶǱҲûչˣֻ˲ƵҶģȻһȻȥɱˣһӳǳȻղˡ
ͷһƣֻϱһɫ˸ʵʵԼʹԽǳأ״󾪡
ֻ֣Ҷĵһҽ֣ԼˣָֽƽƽһӣһֱֶӾǺ˲һһƬѪ漴һƬ
Ҷ׼ɢһǽѪڵת׼ȥ˵˾䣺㻹ߵô
ٿ飬Ůһƣ⼸ϹͶͽгĽеӸɱ˸һɶ֪ٲ߾ˣ̨Ծ¡
˱ҪܣŮ˾Ȼְֱϯλڣ⼸˴Ϊȡ
Ҫʲô
Ҳ֪ŮܵǱȥˣɽɲǴǸߡҪȥʣȴڱҶĲס
㻹˼ˣһȥҶһͻȻ;һ䣬Ȼצֱȡۡ
״󾪣æһԾҶ׺һץ˳һӣȴǲ֪ȡ
ҶҲǲܣֻɫͻȻƮһת֮¾ȻϸĽӾ
һ֣Ǹող뵽ķţǴɽղǷ뵽ġ
ȻϺ֣ԼһҲһԽ
ʲһһԼ룬ֻҪԼ鵹Ҳ̬ʵ̫ʹʹƵɫƾջЩĵһ
ϸСĽİ֮Ҳû˺ֱ֮ӾɢΡ
ʱòֶΣ
ٶȼ죬Ҷָֻ˲ʲŵ󣬵Ҳʧȥս֮ϣʹƷֱͷͬʱƸϣȴʱ׼С
⼸һֱȺУЩĺ˴Ĳ֪ͬҶĲһĽƷҲǲס
ʱҶһƽһҲǲҵϽһᣬǽҶһƣͬʱǰһһת⹹ֱסҶұۣȻٳɱС
ҶһƾȻУһζȻڰ;һתͬʱͻȻ٣Ҽ档
һƥУֻüͷһ۴Ҳ֪û˵ǣֻҼͷұ߰첲û֪
æһת̱ԵȻһŽɫУǽɫȴ͸һĺڹ⣬ͿĨ˾޶֮
ֻһ¾ҶһԾ㿪һ£ͬʱָֽһֱӾһ˳ȥ
涾ӺԶ̨
ҶڻĿ죬ʩչҲƵҪࡣ˳һƳΧЩ̨ĺ˾ѾɱŽǱǸȻûȴá˲ϱתȦţ΢һǾǸһվ
Ƽ˶Ѿƽ˶֣Ҷ̼һѾֱӾ˳ȥҲȥʲôҪֻҪ׼վλãһͨ䣬ͽмܡ
ҲӦ٣ͻȻһȻƹ̨ҶĽ⼸ȫգȫͷϻ
ҵҪܶ˶ã
ҶԾֱϰգҪֱԼһԾ𣬲ԶͻȻһЦҶ飬СС˼ҵлˣ
˵һɫӰӷ˹Ҷһ֮£ҪƽĿǶɵԶʱͻȻתֳ棬Ȼǻ¡

ǻԼ֣Ҳʲô֣ϾµʦħˣŮӦúԼʦһ·ĲŶԣɴʱǱ˶ģҶеĪˡ
ǻãȻı飬ҶľòԾĳƾһ䣬ʹһ޾Ȼ˳ƽ˦̨ѾƳ⻪Ȼ˳ȴûסѨʲôģֻҪ˦̨ṦҲʲô⡣
ͬʱ̨ô֣Ҳʲô͵˳˸²Լһ˦֮ǻºƲ书һֱˤ̨֮ϣһܳƵͨҶĻûô£ǰǷЦ龹Ȼһһ㣬ֱӴԼӹ˵һ䣺ҶźúݵģɵͽһƬİ
ֻû˵꣬ȴȻһҽУתͷһҶȻΪɫԼӹ֮ʱǽֱӽնأ²֪ٿһ֮£Լưܵʬֻգ۹û


168 
̫⣬֮һ黹һ㡣ԼṦҪȥĵҪǴһˣǱ˵׼ˡ
ֽһףҶȥýҶѾּɵԼⳡ˳ɶ͡
ֺһѰ뷨֮ǰˣѡϣҲΪ벻ͨΨһĽ;ֺҪ֮ǰ½ðͷǸʲôˮƽ
书ףҲһĽǹ򷢵֪նٻȥҲΪ˵㹱ס
ֺΪʲôɴ߾Žսֻ˵ǾŽɣʰֺֺֻ̫ѰŰȻҶºƲģǼ٣ȥֺ˲֪ܵ
ԼµΪȻܹӮҪɱȴѺѣһױһɱ
ûȫİ£鲻׷գοԼոյ˻µ⾭Уоܡ
Ϊ湦ģƾԼ湦ѹסȴ˿ЩӶԼĹһ¥
ĺܺãֻǲ˦ʬ壬һתͷȻһڿжһߣȻֱԼн·֮ϡ
Ϲ
ֻƾ֪ǾŽɵķɽϮ龰Ҳ֪ʹֶʵѡ
һᣬһҪ㣡ͬʱѾ˻һˣ´˾ʹת
湦ŹԾΪĳԣ˷˴˹һ˲䱬ǿʹô˷ź˹߳ʹṦʱٶȶܱҲһƴֶΡ
ֻǴ˷Ҳûб׶ˡΪתйԼ߻ħ·ȥߡͬʱ̫ԵǿᣬѰ˾Ȼһ壬򵱳ˡ
龫湦ʮأдӻĵסҲʹŵġ
ʱȴɲö룬ڿһתһۣȻڿһSͣȻͻȻһ٣һΣžûӰӡ
ҶǱԻɱȥ⻤ǸոĶȻʵս֤ʵ̫޴
ʲƮԼߣŮʹʲôֶΣһʱ֮Ҳ˲ֱ࣬Ӱһȫ˳Żལ廤ǴԼӹʬ
Ҳǡ࣬ҶĲҶ⻤ʱҲһȦƷУԶҲǹŽŮ˶һ١Ҫû͵ϮҶĵĻǾٲҪµ㶫
ΪһҪߣԲûˣֻ˵̫ùǻ̫࣬춼ߣҶıԱֶⷬϡ
ȵҶ֮һǲƵʬͱ鶪˹Ҷ֪ⲻһʬøոջָһͳһסʬȻһ˦ƲһͱԶڵϷһ¶ŵľӣ˫۾Ҫ͹һ㣬ѰֻһۣͲٿڶۡ
ȵ˦ʬȥ飬ǡüڿŽǷɽȻһ٣ٿѾûӰӡ
ȥⶼʲôٶȣ
ҶĶ֪ҲֲṦеﲻѣɲ֪ʹתͻȻٶȣֻȷǹǿᣬֻǼɵԼȺ̫࣬һߡ
ţһߣǰ֪Զһ죬ƽؾףȻƲӰҶĲ²ⶨλ׷ȥһƣ㺧ơֻƾ֪һƵ϶
ֻƾжϣĪչҶţȴǻʦߵԣӷ𣬿˵湦ΪףȻķǿдʹĹŽǰһƣҲǳܼ
Ҷ֪ԭʹһطǿ˹Ż㾪ơͬʱҲ֪׷ȥǾŽɡ
ʲžŽ̨һĻԼͻȻûӰӵĳⳡֻоŽܹ׷ϰɡ
˰ɣ
ţֻǰͻȻֳһˣȻǾŽɡͷƼ˶Ȼ΢޲˼ץһԼĺӣһƽŮ£뱻ûϷһûӰʧ㡭ʧ㡭
˲֪鵽׻ˣתͷһʬҲ̫ˣôȺ˺ʹ֮һĽʹ߸
ֻתͷٿǸʲŶŽԷɽסĺˣҲѾ̨ûϢȴǼȥֱþŽɵĳԼĨԼҲԾŽǷɽȥ顣
ֱʱ˲ʱעǸҶһ¶̨ϣˤ˸ʵʵĹʱǰŮӵ̨һ̨ϵĶǵ񽭺еĶ֣Զ̽ϢҲὫ䵱һʬ
ʲű˶Ҷźιʽڵϣ̴ʱųǽϴʱѾȾѪأϵšʲһȺ˳򱱽ˣɱ˸䣬ִڵȥɡЩ书ףѰ򲻹һ
ҲЩ֪ɲܴӦԣΪȻӿ˾Դŵ᳡תȦɱһܣʱϵ̨
ֻ书ףܷ񿴵̨ϵֶһҪҶһ£Ҷ˳ֶڵϵĳƵһҶĵĹ۸ѵı̣Ϊһ¶Ҷĵĺøж½ࡣ
ҶĴʱҲƣߵԣ̽ѰԽǲ̽üͷԽʱֱӴְĴ֮һͽܣֻһֻǵʱɫ֣Բûɱֻ֣˦һԡ
Ҷô˵˲֪ŮݣͬʱְӦв˲Ŷԡ̧ͷһְֻǲСϯλѾһƬǽ壬ֻйŭڻվ˼ɷֱֽԼħͬɱѾǳȥˡ
֮󣬽ҲûְˣҲǺԣֻ֮һȥְħ̿Ƶİһ̾ͻ֪ͬʱĴһˣһڵ϶ãҲ֪Ǹʲôʱ򣬸ŸɶᷢһȥְĲҵΪʲôħΪ档
ְݣҲЩһǳĽڣħּɵҲְֹѸٵĴʧ㲻ҲתڰСħձĿܸһЩϾְþǿϻûˣٱҲǺ塣
һΧɴʱѾ˴򶷣һЩΪԼ˾ˣһЩϵõûȥ֡
ɽûʲô˺ɽɵĺˣһûü֣ͱѩİ˵˲ࡢ˫ۡķҲ˴ʵ˵ʵһͱѩɱκ˲֪ѩһֻ֮ˣٺһЦǰȥǽ׷׹˸Ӻɱֱ䴩ࡣ
һ¼У಻ѩǰĹһ־ޱ޼ʵ·ӣལȻˡǰΪɣáҪײһɵñȻҪúԼֶΡ
ǸˣֻһӰûƼ˾ʹӿˤ
˼Ǳһʱᶼ벻λ֡
ҿɽ̫̬ˣô
ǰֻǿ̨ϴ򶷣ԡʱ˱ղ֪˫࣬ɸֱǺ˱Ƶæң˼ɽһ֣ͽˡʱϲʵǾǴˡ
ɽ޷ȻȻѩһƣֱ˵˾䣺ʦܣң
͵˵ͷʾѩ˼ӰһֱԾɣһһʹ˫ĺӸ˸Ҳ֪ʲôɵͬ
л
ֻ֪ͣɽɵӣ죬̫ȴǲ֪ʱҲֻóƺһԾ⡣
ҲӦ䣬Ͽ콣ͣȵ˫費ͣſһ͹˹ȴȸղűɱǸһЩһ£Ͻһ䣬ʹָὣҪ׽·潣˫档
ǱѩҪɴĶ࣬˾ųȥ˲Ǳ书΢һģ߰˵ͣһҲֻȥظķݡ
һսɽֻƾ˾Ͳ֪˶ͬǰɽɻ˲ٺڶҲûţļˣͳȥæ㲻ƾһֱӺͺ˽֣⼸һգڳ߽һݽȥҲ졣
ͬʱɽɴʱͬҲṱԼҩɽɵɽɢרθˣѰҩҪò٣Ȼͳһƿҩҩ
ɽɢǵһøҶĵǰɢĸƷȻЧֻһ㣬ҩܺһҲǼѣҶĴϲֱӾ͸˸ɢͷԭȻɢ̫֮ûơ
ƽصģֱȡһƿɽɵֻҪ¾ͿԵסлѰҽΣ
ҩǵƿֱǸͷƲѰǵãҩţXģֻǵ̯ó˲л㻹Թޡ
һģЧһ˵¹Σݶ˾ͼ
ƾ־֪ҩˣȻһ٣ЧҩҲſڿഫ˳
ֻһսɽɾ̵ʲҲɽɺͱæǺԼٶȱȺָ߸ǲŰȻ
˿ææȥɽɣµǶҶ˼֣겻ɾӪĵģղǼ˺ϻ֮һ׸󷨣ǲ֪Ƕͬʹ
ɽɵ߽ʲͬʹ˺ʹҲһϵʱΪƳͬһ׹Ϊ棬Ψһ׹ܶá²⣬಻ʮˣ׹ྫʩչˡ
һԵӿ˿ǰŵðα񣬾ηĿ˿Լţţɽɲô
ЦЦһȺСų֣Ҫħ̹УԺеǻᣡ˵ǵӰţһӣ˦һƷ磬һƬƬֻƳһԼʦ档
ٿ̨ϣҶİﻪ°ھտҲһȻȫ֪ȥҲˣʲԼһ׾صˤ̨ϡ
ڻ³ϰ赸ӹǵҲһȻˤĲᣬҲûʲôˣֻǸ첲ϲ˵Ƥмײеס
ʻһôûˣֻǹŭûߵְڲ̨ɫޱѿƺˡ
ƼҶĸ°ֱ˵һΪȥˣ⻪ͽܣʵϲĶ¯ˡ
¯ҶһֻԴĻȴе㲻ʱˡ


169 Ч
ŭĻҶ뵽ᴦȥȴ㸴ӵ˼
һ˺ͻʦħ̹Ϊ˽⣬ֻһ׹ô¡ֻһԣƳ˵Ĺ湦ħ̼ħ֮һ֪һЩֶҲָơ
һŭԣһ̾͵˵⻪רΪ湦ṩ
ŭ˵ͷȴ˵ֻؿʹࡣ
ԭղְڣΪľȡһݱ¶ҹŭҲֺ֪ʵһֱŮ˰ڲԼ˸ڹɵһ׽Ū
ϲ书ǿֱӾͺ˻ǰϿߣʦʵ¯ҪһΪΪУ
˵ҲȻŻǲţ־һȭ
ֻǹŭޣοʹȫûһֻۣ˾䣺һӣŭ;ؿһһֱ֮ӳڣͻĽʹ಻ʱڵϾˡ
һûҪ˾ǻǰץסӵ
´ʱѾڵ֪Ǹʲôղŭ֮ԣǹŭڲƭԼƼԼʦȴЩˡ
ϣ˵ģ
齿Цһ䣺ҽʮ꣬ԹɫıҲѧĲǼ»Ʋô˵ţȴ˫ӳһؿڣһС»ûӦô£ֻо˶ʮȫԼһӿĽˮһת˲ʹʦڡ
ڱߣָоʵܣǼ˶ˣԼʦȴûаֵ˼ԽԽֻգۼ㽫һΪȡȥ
ʮ꣬ΪıһգɫĹǣҲûôֻϧȴ˲ˡ
˵ࡢɵ㶲֪ǺõĻԾҶĺֽӵֱʱ²׹ԼʦﲻһʱˡǰǰãҲǵԼһ
ŭһ߰ԵϢһ߽Щ齲˸ͬʱֽǰЩյ֪Ļһһ˵ʱ˲֪⻪ҲһŮӣֺһ޶˶ʮꡣ
ֺֻ̲סļ尾ֱѰ˶ϣ⻪ȴֱһ̲ŵ֪࣬ͱĸʦһԡ

˼Ǵӣɵ̾һҶĴʱ֪࣬Ҳ֪δŮˣƹŭֻʵǻϡһǾˣʱְȻ߽⣬ȻͲٺ֮ġ
ŭʱ˼һ˸ĵҩȻֵϢһŻشȴˣµʦ
⻰һ˴棬ʵʦ˭
ŭһ˲²ʦǺˣһֱ˵ֻ֪ݹŭһѧƲеλѧա
ʱһڣȻǽյĴҲסȼյİ֮
ŭشֻʦͻȻڵӷ𣬱ĴСͽλɣ
һ𾪣ŭǿЦųʦ˾䣺ͽܣʦˣ
ʦֻǰŭһһ鿴ͽƣȻǱ˴һƣ˭ûʱ򣿡ֻһ鿴ŭƺüͷȴһ壺湦ȻԵǿᣬڶʱδȫԲɲ֮ϰɣǿƫӲȻ֮ǣЩֶΣ
ɱȻԽԽǿᡣ鷳̶ȣȻԽԽͷۡһȫƾɲɣԼǿܹʣչ鲻רĴ⡣
ƽʱԵеʱ򣬻ΪҪ֤ȫʹȥ㾫ִŭڵ߰Ķʦһ̽Ȼ⾢ҪͽܵҲͦѾ
ھĻҪ˶þͻɢ㲻ֻ⣬ùŭһصҲȬ
ֻٲҪˣ
˿ʦͽԻûвϰ䡣˶ڹŭȻֻʦͽһʵ
ҶĸǰԵÿûк͹ŭģСŪѾģϺ鷳ǿǴİ
ʱʦ˵ŭе鷳ڵһǵЧ¿
ŶʦѰ˼Լѳְæһ£ҶľȻ˿ڡ뵽һ˵ҶڹǵһҲڹе֮ܣҶĿڣǼаյģ
£ɵ˫ۣ˶Ůӣȷʱûʲôߵŭԣһһ˳ϵѨ̽˹ŭڡ
鷳ֻƬ̱ܺã
ֻһ̽ҶľƳŭǿᣬȻһЩԵľҶ˵㲻ʲô
ʶػҪ鷳࣡
ҶĶںοһַֻҶһԣһżգڴҶĻʲôֶεʱ򣬾ͼλɽɿ˹ŭڵ˾䣺ˣѳֻҪһԼɣò˶þȬ
һΪԾŭԼҲһ
ˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ŭû˵ֻǰԼһڣȻǵʲҶһ壬ֻþů뻹ûȥоһģҶֱӾ˵㶨ˡ
Լһ̽еľҲиĹۣȻûȬȴҲۣҶ˹йĵطȬ֮࣬Ҷ˵ЧǿԣʵѾǫˡ
һҲһŭϲɫ֪ҶԲ飬ȵ֪ɵѧļң
ȻǵɣֻǴһɱ𡣵Ҳк֧ܶģҲǵɣǳ֮֮ЩƣҲ಻ͬ
ɽɵĹǵ˵һʱỹ벻һɵĴС
Ҷˣڴɴȫ棡ȴϸ˵ֻƾ˲²⡣
һ˹ȻȥʣҲֻ¡ϾŴĶ֪࣬ɲ֡
κ˹ŭҲǺڽһԵǻʦҶ˸񣺡ҪлҶžСͽʲҶѯĹָܷһ˰ɣ
ϻŻ£һֱһ㣬ȻʱȴǺҲ˵ע⡣
˵⻪Ĺ򣬾͵ħŵ湦Ź򡭡ʦǽ˵ˣʱ˵Ҳһһֵޱȣн࣬˵е˯
ҶĶ湦Ϊ棬УһҲ¡
еǴ󷨣
׶ˣȷνŹһЩͬʱöҲֹӵ⡣ֻǴ̫ӣǻҪġ湦ôܻһʣ湦˹ȴǴİԵ
ܵ˵Ǵǿ㣬ȱڤֲ㡭
ԽԽôоֻǴʱҲý˵ֻþʦ˵ʱѶѩҲ̨Ҷô죿ҪҪֱȥʱɼѾȥͬʱҲˣɢȥˡ
ջһ㶼ΪѾ˽ɸˣʲô˵ĶЩʵĴɣЩһס
οְ֮ĶԾְĸѾǺ䶯Ĵ£ʱȥҲһ⡣
ѩͽмӺ뼸̸һɵ֮ѰҶģȴϺ˵ͬʱǸְĻϾʹڵһ
߹ȥڻǰΣŮ˾Ȼһ㷴ӦûУüͷҲһ壬ŮĪʲôа
ѩۣȻеȴûڣֻվҶԣһǻʦ˵
ԣΪ˽湦⣬һλħŸִ֪湦ô˷ȫԼھȱǳȴ֮٣վȻ˵óѣ
Ϊκɴ˷ҶĲףҸ¯ȻԼǡιô˷߲أ
ʦȴǲֻǵһţһ˿ڵҪҪѰһĹǾ߱һ˿ŮӣСڳ󣬻ҪҩƳҩ֭ݸʣҳＸʮܽԼҪĽ׶Σ
˵ۻ£Ůӵ䣬ΪֶΣķѴϧΪŻ㾳磡
ҪǣŮһһòˡһѰңҪķѴ󻹷ǳ𻵵Ķ¯ȻΪѵã
˵գһۻ£츳ʣϰʲô书м߳ɾͣ뾹Ȼҵ˵Ҳ֪ۣɴտڲԡ
˴ʱͺѩҲ׹ԭ⻪һֱʦĶ¯ʱѾʦ˹
ղԣ⻪¶ȻСͱʦģһֱ˵Լһ㿴뵽³ѹֻģ
뵽֮ⷺһ䣺ʦ֣⻪ȥҲ벻ʳƺֱӵӣκô
Ҷʲ࣬Ҳ鿴˻µھҲ˸µ˽⣺˵ﲢûʲô󰭡Ȼ˵㴴ˣֻҪ΢Ϳɻָֻϡ
ͷһƣƼ˫նһҲ֪δֻ̾˿¾ˡ
¡ȴǹܲˣߣɴཫ⻪иˣֻһô룬ܾûԾ
ҲͻѩʣֱӾ͵ȴһ߰ɣ
һɽȻ׼ǳ뱱˵˾䣺ɫѾ磬λɴڱס°ɣ
ҶıһһʦȴͷӦ£Ҳ˱߶ˣ
תͷٿɽ˲֪ʱûӰӣѾʹһȥˡڱϵľֻɡڡԼɽɣҲ֪ʱߵġ̺֮ɫѾλк
Ҳû˵ʲôűŵĵǰźõסȥÿһɶֵһԺӣڼвٷݹ˾סϴԷרŸһЩͷͷ׼ġ
Ҷ˽ԺӣǱŵӱ˵λϢѾϴˮԺˮˡ
лȥҶİǰ·䣬ѩͷʦˡ
תͷһƣԭѩǣŻµ˻ϻЩطˤһЩˣ㴦ʱһЩҩѩ鷳æһ
ֻҶֵǣƺɵɵʲôҲ֪ӣȴ޵ڶԼ·Ҳһ࣬Ҷߡ
ĪǸղˤúˣܵĺң


170 ħ
¾ô£ҶĻûͷڱŰŵķúõϢһ֮ҶΪһ˿
Ȼֶ󣬶ΪΪ棡
Ȼƾôһս˲أֻ췽ҹ̷ҶֻǸоԼлһ֣ȻԼ忪һأֻҪۻȥ忪һҲֻˮɵ顣
֮⣬ҶҪǼʶ˵񶥼־ǸʲôˮƽȻЩֲ֣΢չ¶һֶΣҶֻɽ϶Աе˵൱İ
ŽɵǸԲ֡ɽһЩԼҹãɽɵıǺȻ˰Ե뵽ǸӻûͱסǸ棬ҶĶɽŴΪɵ
ǰ֪Ǻʱ򣬻ֻǺȪеĺ࣬Լ̫ˣǺĺ֪ҪȺȪеĺǿ٣ְԵ١
һȣɽϵǸȪһֻ˳Сèڡ
ڻʦڵһֶȴԣͷߵΪ¸أһΪԲ
Ͼ˼ŵı̾ΣΪʱæںͺԼ֣ûϸֻǴæһƳ£佣Զʤ쿣Լ佻Ҳʤ֮֡
Щɸ֣ȻûһǺ֮
Լҿ˿ǵķϨ˵ƣֻʦӵƻšʦӦչǻ£ԼҲȥţҲûȥ
Ժƣⱱżռ壬סԺӣռ˺СһƬطһƣƲͷĿãɫڰƲУʵǱŵĽĶ࣬ռִ󣬴ʱվУв緽֮У
ˣɣ
һƬרŻֳд˵ģԲЩĴߣЩڱŵͷʱҶѴ˼Ҵײɾ̫ʧˡ
ѣ
ûͻȻҶתһƣȻһԼ֣ҶһڵĵƶһѺɣҶֻ֣ҶĶǳƺе֡
ȴҶĸǽֻǺôˣĻϢ
һЦҶѲҲһû˯οһԼںڵĺ룺ϵˣ˯ʱҲ࣡
˵ҶģȻҶҲ˯ߣȥǱǱһѵڣһͱڴ羰ȻǰҹҲǱһ⾳
ҶԼ£ǰҲþܾͷӦǰУ
һֻҶںԼǺһЦҶѿˣֻͬˣʲôǰŵɾ̫ˣҶѾ߾ˡ
ҶͷΣ²֪Ǵġ
ϣ㿴ϺͿˡҡҡͷһҶĻǵһβμִᣬҲǵһţŵһЩطȻϵá
뵽˴һ˱˼ϵҶǰ棬ҶԼǰС
һ·޻ʱһΪ׵ڣ˵һڣͬʱһ΢΢̽һ֣վϣɾɽ·⡣
ͬʱЪϢ̽ϻ޽һͤʯʯһӦȫһ˽ȥֱһ֣ϺϵĻҳһԡ
Ҷѣ

˻ǫһ£ȻһͬҶĴʱǲ֪ȱֻ˼һ˶˵˽ղЩƴǸû꣬δԵù
̬ûʧҲû̫˾ظһ˶˺⣬֮Цеźӡºúôһ޵Ҷһ治ףϵûΪ
ҶǫһһЩΪ㲻ñ¡
һȴ֣ҶΪһͣοҲһֱ£˻ǿ󲻵ã
˵ǣ
̸һЩӰ˵ģڼһ˾˵һЩеľڣҶǡöһЩطˣʱǿһ
һ̣ǰ಻׵ĵط࣬ͬʱֺܶۺԼһѧҲкӦ䲻˲ԼԺΪԹԽ˽ĸӿһЩ
һҶ̸һ󣬼ҶȻԺܶԣȻͨ͸Ҳ޵֮ˡѰ˭ȥôأֻǣҶᾹȻôһЩԾ
ҶŶĵ鵱治٣
ҶЦһɽϣ¿ʱ࿴Щ飬ȫǲֻǿң䵱Ԣⲻͨ͸Цˡ
һȴܿ飬㲻ͨ͸ҲǺõġкܶô⣬ϵǻҶѶöأοϵʲŵǷҲԼ֮ԣպҶ֮Ҳвͬ⣡
ϣ˰ɡ
һ⻰ʹӵƫ˿ȥ˱Ͼˣһ֮˵˵ţⲻƻص˽ȥ
ħ֣²֮
̸մ£һͻȻ̾һ䡣һҶΪͷԣʵ벻ͨħ̺²ʲôϵ˵ѵģӦǽ˲Ŷ԰ɣ
Ҷһ֮״һ˽ҶŲ֪ħʵƷ͢ΪĿĵĽɣսСʱɲǲǽ˻ƽͷգһѣʱ̸𽭺£һҲͲԵƣĳҶš
˴ҶĲ׹Ϊħ̻ᱻΪħ̡һҪ췴İɣѹֻᱻħ̵ıǩĿģ㱾ºɣҲѲ˳͢õˮ
˵ҶĶħ̾ǲġħôȷˡֻ֮ͬˣ޹ƶ֮ˡ
ǲµҶĵ뷨һ˽ŵҶѰ˼ħ̻ǵ͢Ϊ
ôһʣҶҲֻͷȷ뷨
һ˼ɴҲе⣬һ䣺ΪڿԣΪӽ
Ҷһз°ۣã֮ҲӲˣ
һ˿ɲ֪ЩֻǼʵôҲûʲô֣ħ֮һ㶼˾ͽϺ˵Σǵ͵̫˵ĺᣡ˾ͽϼ˾ͽڵ̫֣֮ӪһΪǳڰУħ̲Ż𣡡
ʣҶİ˾ͽĪʲôŭԹ飿
Ȼһ͵ʵһʼ˾ͽϵʵԶʤ̫棬ͣ཭νʵǿᣬ˾ͽһͳ飡
˾ͽΪŰ裬ֹںո£౾֮Ҳ޷˿ȥͶ˵ʱĵˡҲǱ̫棡
һ˵ɫͻȻеΣҲҶţʵϵǰǷס˾ͽϵģתͶң
ҶıѰ˼һ֮мֿţϾ˲١ʷʤдۣ֮һ֣һеĨһƺϳ
һ֮ǸӻˡҲҪϴװϾѱͶУû˵Ĺȥɣǳ˶У
Ҷûʲô仯һҲûƳ״Ҫ֪Լղһ仰ҶĸӻѪ
ֻһĻҶеһҡڡ
ǰһĸ˾ͽϣָһͳ£սңǺ˾ͽΪñǰݺž뿪˾ͽϣݱһЩأ˾ͽ㲻ǣΪ͹죬˶ȻԴ㣬Ǿеȴ㡣
ʱ˾ͽϵļ˾ͽɱƽռ˺ڣΪռԽԽ㣬˾ͽΪ˱鷳֮ٴ֮ǣȳֻһƬ
˵ҶҲǴһһ˾ͽҲһۣȻΪսֶΣô˵µҲǺԣ
ʱδʱڶ࣬ǰһЩͳƣʱӽһˣǱ֮ʱҲʣǧȻ󲿷սң˾ͽΪҲ˲æ
һҶĿɲѰ˼ʲôħǺ֮ˣɱգһ˿̶ֳȣ˾ͽԶˡҪͼӴףֻҪλ˾ͽһԶҲ˾ͽˡ
һ˵ҶĻ˿Ȼżͬʱǰ˾ͽһһԵɣǾǱǰ䷢˾ͽҵνѪ񹦵Ĺʵʸһħ˷ԵǿᣬޱỴ̄ʱҪԻΪԻ˾ѪΪɣ˾ͽȻԳѪ񹦣ֻ˶ֻƺΪѪħ
Ҷһ죬һûƷŹȷħ֣˾ͽϰȹѹֳ˺Ĺ󣡡
ѪħҲħ̻֮һһֻн˾ͽҳںܹϰãѰڸϰһаʽŹȻаǳȴǿᡣΧħ̣Ҳûܽһ򾡣ǵʱħ̽˾ͽħõ˼£ħ̽ڳûӵƴ֡
һ˵֪ʲôǻʮǰˣʮȥħҸȼҲ֪ʲôʱҪ
ҶеĵΪħҪڽأѰطúûʵֱô
һû뵽ҶĻдʣֻڴħķȺ۱Ȼ෬ңȻϲս󣬵ǱЩȴûģ
˵һ˶һ£Ҫǣħ̼ɵֱ볯͢ս˻һӾۼһס͢Խ彫ҵ˳֮پۼԸ͢
͢ôҶ˹޷ǾǷֶ֮һİ취ԽԹ彫͢ʿɱ⣬ȻԸ͢ʱŲڷˡ
һ˴ʱٺһЦҲҶţ͢ȻҪܵģֻǳ͢ϲŽˣԡ
ҶѾ˹͢޷ǾǷסԸħ̣˾ںˡ
ҪĻһ˻Լ죬ûô򵥡
Ȼһ˾͵Ҷɱʹеһպħٲûɽɵ鷳ҶС£²Ϊ
һⷬ޷Ǿǽɽɼ£ƴ󣬱ʵ֮ߣҶżʦǵеĿܣֶ£ֵĴʧ
лǰģã
ҶԼ⻪°ͣһⷬ޷ǾҪұҪʱ򱣴ʵӵ˵вħġ
ħԪŸǺԼҲֱӾǰ򡣷£ǻֱŴ
һˣϵѾ״
ϵǸϺйͷνħץأ׼̾ͻΧħ̵Ϸ룡


171 Ҷү
Ҷһ˵̸ڲ֪ͽһ˸ǲ֪ʲôʱѾȥʱҶĻ˼ϵʿ˵Щ
ʵ
ˣҶ̲ɫԼطתͣ˶
һ˹⼸ȻֻΧƬ̣ҶľͲò˹ɢ
÷Ȼȴӳϣֻ̫޴ˣ
ļɣҶſκбסЩҲɱԼ
ڽɱʹеĽʹߣȻûԼΪǰλ߳磬⵹еҶ⡣
ʲһ̸һ󻰣ħ̵һЩλһ˽⣬˽֮λ»ʥŮĴڣҲǽӵ˵顣
ʥŮĶħ̴ʥŮഫ湦һѪħһǿĹͬʱɲҲѪħĿ˾ѪĲ١
ķħг˽ʥŮսһ㶼ħйߵĸΡ
ķŻֵʹߣʹȴע书ĶΪ׬ǮǿԲŻõǽʹ֮ƺš
书ȻѾҪħеĸȴǲֵһᣬܵǽʹһְ˳ħҪ׬ȡǮӦȫöȣ
ְĳҲǳ֣ĻħƾְѾۼ˴ʽ𣬹ǰڵ׼Ѿˣ
ҪȺۿսȴ֪᲻ɽ׸Ŀ꣡
Ҷһֻüϵѹ˼֡
Ϊʲô֮ĻҲΪһ˻߻ʦĺԭ;ģҪɽɷҴȥ
ʦñ֤ɽɷ󣡼Ȼ˱֤㲻ħ̽˵վħΣҵҪʶʶʲôͣ
а˼Ȼ˼ͣѾԽԽˬ紵ȫҶͻȻԼΪйġ
ʱһͻȻʲһ˺ԼǾ仰
˸һʦ깫ɣ벻һҲᱻ仰ס
һߺ˼һߣҶԽ˼·Խᣬֻһ˺ԼȻû¡
깫ÿһ䣬ͻẦһһȥ޵ӡһ˺ԼͻȻָоɽɱĿĵط͵ħȻȺ۲ܾۼħ̡
ôоӳն
ҲںڲӣǷ֮ĲޣҶܾ׼źã
ȵλȥҪ̵̽µˣȻ̾սܵܵסһħ̽ڲУοħ̲պҲٲΧħ̵Ϸ룬һսܹⲻ˵ġ
صԺʦѾϨ˵ƣѾ˯£ҶĹ˽ŲصԼ䣬ҲٵƣֱӺһɣ׼ԸһҲˡ
ȻִҲȥˣձɽǰɣ
ڶգҶҪɽȥҲҪֱ뿪ҶڶƼ˹ŭǰְﳤϻںжҲǸУһޱȣ˸͹棬ԾһûٳȾƵļٺС
ֻһҶĲ֪һƱжǳġ
вǲԻô
ʦЦԻȣµɮǲɻȵģֻרϰĵӲרųأ
С˵ˣҶİһȻεЦ˼Цιȥץסŭ˵תƻ⣺ϡ׼عڣ
˵ʵҶķǳһܵһѹصôĺӣôٻȥ
ȻŭֱӵڣǲеģҶŲ֪Ժӿһ㶼ù˵Ҳ֪ʲôȻ̾һοҼﻹ檣һȥ˺УһƱ˿Ǻã
ǹкδ㣿
ŭ룬Ҳ֪׼ȻԽݽ檽ϣȻѰطׯԺʵʵҲˣ
Ҷû뵽ŭȻ뷨Īǹ׼˳
ǹŭȴֻһЦһ뽭Ҳ˲ˣҹŭȻ¹䣬Ҳ٣պѰٲûҪӦһһѾ˳ѵĵģ
˵˴ʦͻȻմȾ򣬱Ҫͽ򣬵Ҳû⽭˶ʮꡣȻУڼҲһС
ŭæԼʦӦ䣬ȻżҶĵѰ˼ȥҶǱҸ徻ĵطׯԺƽԭҲе룬Ҳܶһ徻
ҶĶԴ˵Ϊֱͬӱʾ˻ӭԸɽס£ҵҲھӣ
룬ŭ⹦ĸߵҶھӣԺҲиӦҲЦеӦʱžõûҶķȻ֮٣ԼΪְԭҪѰסּѡ
֪жԸȥƫԶ֮أԼһ檣Ҳ֪мԼжǳǮƶģְԼ䣬ҪټҰȥƽݣ֪жܵԼˡ
ֻЩⲻΪ˵ŭҶĵһһȥ׼ߣȻ¡Ҫȵ½·ҪĶ࣬ͬʱҲ
뿪ԽԶͬеҲԽԽ٣˶Ҷһ뿪ͻߵģ뵽Ȼ¡
Ҳ˼䣬֪ԭҶλʦҪȥμӵԡ
ͣĪƽλӣһ˱ȻʦҪڽ߶صĴҲš
ֻҲû뵽ߵ;ǸĲ͡
ϵֻ칫ĲȻ֪Ҳˣ˫ȫⷬȴȫȻģûа١
ΧҲǵĿͣȴҶļ˶Щȡֱʱ֪ͷʲô̶ȣǶԳ͢ðĽҲǶΪĽ
˼䣬һ˾ȻִӻͳһСӵݸҶģⶫڵ͸ҶţڲٵӶڹټҵҶھʲô鷳ôȥǱ˾Щ鷳ӭж⣡
ҶĽǸ۵Сӽ˹һ˵лͬʱһ˵ÿÿɶЩõ׬ǮӪôڵӪȥټҵˣ
ͬʱԲ²⣺ĪǴ˵еĴڸֱڵĵӣ
ʵϣҶĵĲ²ȻûҲ㲻ȫԡ
ӳʦ֮ѰӪͬŵʦֻ߸ĳܽ볯͢һЩš
Ǳ˾ҪľǾǵΰΪһЩոߵ󣬱ļһЩæڵĵȻѡϾԼˡҲ߸ɴ౻䵽һЩܲţԼһЩӸλĴ
ȻõĲ±ǸʵݵλһأͬʱҲǲסʼһЩһ»Ȣ⡣
ǺųƻʼҶԽĲţڸ֣ɷҪӵĶ࣬ڵһЩɫ⣬һЩӷֺõҲߴļĸ֡ЩȻԺգھеĵλȴʵһЩ󳼵ҲҪϰȡҲһܹǵġ
һ˽ҶĵӣҲҵǱ˾ڵӣϵţˣǵÿҶԼˡ
УȥǺסˣ
˷ֱҶͶԾеһЩŻ˲֮󣬶Ǳ˾ְȨһ˽⣬ʱ֪κеԴˡ
ѩգգۣԼʦ˵˾䣺ʦ֣㲻̫ðɣ˼ڸôǸɽԷһģҶſھ˰ôС¡
Ҷȴ㶮ʲôȨãϣڹϵõʱٶϵϵʱ˼Ƕ˭ˣ
Ȼ˦˦Ǹ۵ӣҶֵοʦôȥǣһʱҲҵʵŵ㣬ȻеͷܰæﻹҪԼ
ⷬ˵ĵҲѩҲûзֻ͵͵ĽҶקһԣǻ£ʦ׼ô죿
ҶѩʣתͷɸڶеĻ¡ʱǻµҲǰǰԵú޾ͬʱڹʧһѾϼ
ȴŰɣתһЩģʱƣ
ֻǴ˻һѩȴɫ΢еѿһɵҶһ󿴵ҶĻʱ˵ʦĪ᲻ǻ£
γԣҶĻºƱǧֻֻµԾѩĿɨĵطǽһʦĶˣֻǾ⻪̫ҾôŲҲ̫ã
̨ϣֽһԵôװˣ
͵͵˵ţһǰУֻĽԶҲ˵ʲô
ᵽ̨һ£ҶҲеΡڻµʱӺڵϣֻ˵Ƥ⣬Ҳǹͷһ¡ͷŵأôһεεĴ˲̾ͻڵͬʱⲻò٣ƺ̡̫
ѩҶĲ֪𣬱ֵʦտµĺأǻﲻ첲ĵףҲ˼ϡʦʲôأ
˵ţȻҶ۾һתڷ񣬲һԼ˵µѩ뵽Ƿȥɫ̾ͱ
ҶıһȵĻ֪Լ뵽һЩ뵽Ļ棬ȴܳϣæáʲ뵽һЩţҲ֪ܲܰﻪָΪڣҪȥ
ȴûϵŮ˶ⷽ涼еĺܣֻѩǶ۾ȻһУɵ˾䣺ʦʲĲЩɣ
ǣҶ̫ģһָƣһ߰ڳһûԵĺ˵
κѩбۿһգֱ˵˾䣺̫ʦĪںŪң
Ҷʱע⵽쾹ȻǸ죬ֻһ·Ϊ˸·дУһʱ侹Ȼûע⵽һ㣬ʱ̧ͷһƣżյͳѹѹˣĪ˵̫ˣҲ١
˵ôôأѾأڸЦ˼ԼȻûΧʧʵѰ·
ѩҶ̬иǲҲҶ˵ˣһͿ˼Ҷ˺档
Ҷһ㶣ͱѩ˦һɶԶæ֮׷ȥаһʱ׷׷ɵX
ȻѩҶ̾׷źһЩҲͲٺҶǻµ
ǹָܻ
ҪѰ˼ңֻһ˵Ҷֻͷһۻ£һֽۣѩȥ
ʦ᲻ðɣʦôɴཫǻȢƺˣѩֵһҶģŽѹǰλԼδŵŴˣܵ
ٺ٣Ļأ
ѩ΢΢ͷһͻȻڣʦҲǸʸʦҪȢŮӣҲ㲻ʲô£͵檵Ҳֻ֣ǻ
ҶѾѩⷬʲôƵأһѵԺڵңʦòҶҼҲܹһΤү񫣿
ţһ֮»΢Գϲɫѩɫ䣺ʦֹȻǰģ˼ҲҪˣ


172 
ѩȻٴҶģֻһȥҲʼҲһˡ
ߵǵʱǿ϶Ҷ˵ĻӦҲһ
ҵ찡ٲ񰡣
̾һ¿ĺˮҶĹԼԺӶ̫ùһֱλʦҧ˵ĸо
ʦ֣డ
ǲ˵ʲôʦܵĿɲôнҶʦǰԱҲ⿪Ц
ʦӵ˫κѴˣ
Щӣһֱɽ˵УżҲҶһΪʱõķ̫ǿᣬúõһôʧȥ˹Ļֲöܻ֮Ϊ󼲡
ɽҶŶЧţ˻µƲҪ̫ġ
ͬʱµľ״Ҳһùһ죬գѾƵǰɵɵȻԵõͳ㿪˵ˡ
лҶţ
Ҷİﻪµ˾һɿ־˻µĵл̧ͷһŮȻһʧãܹԼ¶ЦݼŵǿҲùǰǰ㡣
ԸЦˣһһ˸أµĺתҲ˿ɽһŸѾͷˣǻҲӣͲ֪Ǻˡ
ȻǰǸҲһֺܻӭԣκԴ˵ްһֱӦǳ鷳ѾͷˣҪٶһƻײǽĳ嶯
ޣ
ҶͻȻðִʻûе㵣Ҳ֪޾ʲô˼£˳Ҳ֡
ûʲôӦһ֮Ҷһ۾Աߣ鿴Լûжĳëëŵʦãû˵˾䣺ִͷֻԸһҹˡǴĸҲԵĲˣҪȥҰζ֪ʦԵʲô
ѩ˵ֻǿҶġҶӣ󷴶ѩ˼Ťͷ˵˾䣺ɣʲôʲô¶޵ôི
Ҷĵ˵ͷȻץ;ȥҶ뿴ûʲôùײ
ֻ˲߳ûԶͱ㱧Թʦ֣ҪʦͶˣİҲק˳
ҶȴһۣĪ˵ңͻҪΣҼ⼸յĳüģ
ץץӣ󲻺˼ĸһҶЩˤĴ𰸣Һ˵Ȼصɽɻ飡
Ա߾һôҶıסĻһ¾ܽŵˤڵأֻǼˣҲ˺һŻع񣺡ˣ漴ȴ־òԾ˵Ҫسɻ飬Ļǰʧǵӣ
ʣֵֻֻزͬ⣡
Ҷĸˣǰǻز͵ôѾͷһֱͳ׵ĲŶԣ񼴽óԸʱֲͬˣʲôԵʣһֱϱô
Ҳ벻ͨһӣһһֻԿֵӸȻ߹ȥҲ벻ףֻ˵Ų֮ģͷˡ
Ҷ֪ԭǻѾͷʶ֮޴ݲ࣬ⶫҶ˵ǹƨͲںνŵԡ
ȻҲǾȫû߼ԣνŵĳֲһȷĹ
ȷһ֪ѧҵĲʿȻһûܹʲô˴ճһԣԴĹ޴ԹͨĻһ
Ȼȷе̫ͺͻصĲӦôֲ˶ˣҲûп˵Ļ⡣
ǲɴڣǰڿĺԣҪͳףȴòϸЩˡ
̫ˡͽֻѾᵽǰӾǻһŶ䲻ͣ˦˦ȥŵԣĪǱֻȢǵ֮ŮҲߴɳŮţħŮƺҲܷϱݣ
ҶĿԽ˵ԽûףҲͲٴתҲһ⵽ʹּֿһҽ쳹֡
ϣץһ
ֻǸоʲô̾һʱһŷһֻҰҰʵ㲻϶󣬵Щ˵ҲѾˡ
ҪǣҶһ߹ȥǰԶȻһСӣǺˮ峺ף滹вΡ
ֱǽˣľѳ
ͷӽ˹ȻԸһʦȥǹɣˣ
Ϊȥ
˭Ṧأ
ⲻɣʦֵṦɲʦҲ٣
˭أ

ˣ˵Ҳû˼ɣЦҲ̫࣬ƵͣҶıźˮʳĴһֻǵͷһˮе㣬ȴִЩһ⡣
˶˵Ʋɼã⵱һȵζǰ֪Ϊݣˡ
ûʲôء֮⣬һץϰһԵҪˡڼͨҲʮֲУҲѵһĶ½
ˣɽƼԼžȻץ˼ʱ򣬶ԵúǿģЩһֱܵͳĻҲֳһЦݡ
ȵҶĽһõĿõѩǰڵʱҲʦ˲١
ʦôԣ
ҲôⶫҶֳһ鿾Ұ⣬Ȼʣµĸ˼ڣǿȴ᲻ʲô¡
ʦǰЩôѩֵͷǵСʱԼʦǴСϪץĻʦֵֶĲУÿζὫԵһɶԼ㡣
һ𵱳ҶģѩֱԹ䣺ʱʦһײˣʦҲ㣡ȴֲˣ
˵ɣǱҶĺˡɲ֪Լǰôãҹô꣬½ֻѩٻɡЩôһС²㱩¶
ƽɽȻʳȶ߼ȣⶫһЩƺ㣬㷴ûôҲͲ֪һ㣬ҪץֺʦãЩ¶š
šʵǡζˣ
ζѩŵĿ˿ҶģһΣֻҶץ㲻࣬ҪøԼһ룬ĵһĸоûʲôζĿҲζĶһ㣬Եĺòġ
ȵһ꣬ѩҶҲչЦգ˵Ҳǰǰ䵭ˡ
һͰӰƽˣҶץץͷѵ
תͷһؾȻץ㣬Ȼ˵ݸ͡Ϊ˳Ļأץı¿Ҫǿˣٸղ󽣷˰Ҳûϰǻ˸ľǹһ
ͺͻ˵ҶֻѪĻĽѿٹһʱָܻ糣ҲٵˣֵΥ͸ô£ôڽǰױСã
һعͷƣҶһԼþ
ָǰǰӣǺǻأ
벻𰸵Ҷһһ߷ھ䣬ɽѰĵطϢҶΪۣԱҪԼҹ˯ڵﴩ⼸ҲƣͣһȺ˯ȥˡ
ѩҶذҹҶԡһձ㵽ˣʱٺúϢһǣ˹ȥԡʦӦϢŮӲúϢıϣŻԼʦá
ϧ˼һ䡮ʦǲǾͲȢˣҭ˻ȥ
뵽ԼʦǰڣҶĸпһ䣺ôʲôǰӶã
Ҷţ
ֹţͻȻһỽҶһתͷǻ˹ʵ£
ҹĲ˯˵ûҲûšҶľ񣬾Ȼؿڡ
ҶģҶǰͷҶŷȥһɣ
ţҶе㲻ףΪλػͻȻ˵ҲӻֻǾĵĺġ
ҶǰģйɾѧƼկѪȻñҶģձ㻹Ҷţ˵ֽһ䣺Ҷŷȥһɣ
ҶĲ˵ֻǰľΪҪȥһʵֻҪʦһɻ飬ҲɽɵˣϰɽɹҲûʲô˵ģ
ҧҧ촽ƺţһҧ˵˳䲻ͣ
˸ͷͺˣҶĲֻƾ˵ȥ
ĲӣμӵԣֻҪһ㲻볯Ϊ٣ҲӣִԳ˹˹򣬵²ͷеȫţ
ҡֻһ˳Ѿͷ䲻ͣĺɻ飬Ầ
ţҶһ㶣һȴûġ볯Ϊ٣ȻȢһͷţ֪ᱻٴ󳼵żĻ԰ʦܺһҪӵٵΣĪȢػ˼
ȢţȻ󳼵ֱҰ
ҡҡͷҶľԼЩ̫߰࣬ʲô鶼ıȥĻԼǳĸαӣ
׶ˣһǼ˰ɡ
¶˶ҶĶŻص뵽ЩΪʦܻ벻ô
һ󲻵òϣԼЩûʲôϡ棬͵ĲǣӦ뵽ǡ
ʦܼȻϵ˻ЩԸȢ㣬ĸ飬ҪĻҪĶ࣡
ʵϣͻȻı뷨׼ʵָͬо֣ԼܾԼȥǣͣǶ𱨣ԱҪҶķϹȻҹߵ
һԷ㶣ҶͻȻȻԾ䲻ͣǱ취ŬԼøãֱԼҲˣǷϹһ¡ڻʦܵδӣҲɽɵˣ±㲻Ҫˣ
ȴҶ⼸仰Ĳ֪
Լøáܹͣ
ǰûҲһЩ˼йأҶۣһ˼ڡ
˵ҲУұУ
뷨ʵϲڷ⽨ͳΣǶĳЩȵ˵вԲǵ˼롣ǻɽѾͷҲɴһһж֮뷨ʲôһӷ뷨Ǹٹ̡
ҶĸԼڲУôŬҲˣǰȫǱֳۣɲһܹʱڳܵġ
Ҷ֪һ޷ܣֵǰĹΣڵĹΣȻ㹦ܹΪαľͲܱĸãҲ󣬴ʱŬҲοվԣѧʲôֱҲ£
ҶԼʱɽɵľĽ䵱¸˳ֶ֮ԻصʱҾͶʦ˵Ҫɽɷ󡣶ʱɽɾֻҺʦˣﶼûУأ
˵ôؾסɽɣɽڵĹģʵ˽һ
Ҳô
ҶЦЦҪȥȥ̸ȥԶҲˡ


173 Ů
סʦã˻أһ˽гҪȸտʼʱù࣬زһֱüѩҲԸҶ˵ˡ
ֻҶû뵽ǣԼһ˲ŵǣûȥǱ˾ˣڳſڱȺ
Ҳʲôֵ飬صأܽҶһƱֵļһ룿ԼСӣԼϿҲһС
ҶͳһǸСƣǱ˾һСƣתһԼĪʮˣȻӵݸ
֪λγƺ
ɽҶģλҵʦͣΪʦܽϿǱһǰˣҶֽԼ˽һͬʱԼ˽ͼ˵һ顣
ĵ˵ͷȻϸеСӣЦŵλǸմִģ
ǣ
ԭҶһ˴ִУһ·ϣȻЩ뿪ߵĻҪϼ֣Ƕˣִϵ黹ûд
ǰɽԣִϴͷûλڵĵӶһȫû˵ɣȻűɵ֡
֪ƽνλɽŵģһֱΪеǰϿ׹ƽ˼ĲŹˣ˽ύ֮İɣ
һ룬϶ɽϡ棬ֻΪгһӣ˸еԾһɾȻһԲμӵԵĲӣȷ棨˷ʱѾֻʣµˣĻѾ
λֻǹҪ뾩ǣٲҪһ˵ֶҶĽ͵ʿҪǣٲöҪ鷳һ⣬Ҷ֣
ҶıҲ⣬ֻǼڵӳһʼҽһȻ˵һ¹̬ȣŵǸСӸûҪ˼Ҳ˹ۿ˵ͣǶ϶ɽɲʲôɣֻմǵԵĹźһύȻľơ
˰˳϶Լ˲ľƽɽţȻǣΪʿݽ˳ţϲǿԡ˵ҪǵʿҪЩܶ˸Ͳ׼ǣһЩ¸ǿҲܹȥҪϾᵶ߽ȥɲһ򵥵顣
ӱģùջرǣ
ò˵еʱܻĹ֣һλڵҲˡֻ̬Լ̫ˣ뵽ô࣬ƽ˵⣬ȴ˵ɽɡ
͵ˣһûŹССɣΣ
Щ뷨ҶĶܲµֻһԵõӣҲٺ˵򵥵İȻòԵĵлԼҵӾͽ˳ǡ
ʦ֣ǸѩҶЦеĽȥȻЦеĳЦһŭ⡣ѰƲҶദãȻһ۱֪ܿΪʲôԭҶӣ㿪ʵ
Ҷȴ˻֣Ȼһûʲô
ȴЩ˶Լɽɶǹȴе㲻Ӧ㱻Ʋĸоˡһ⣬ǽ˸ѵһյǽףɽɻǲǿԶԶ
һڶСӶԸɽ˦ɫ֤ĻǲãǰЩԵЩĺãѳķչ
˾ǣѰ˼ҿջѰһʵڣΪǱв˿оΪԼ˲Ӱ˵ˡ
иֵʿӣҲһЩרųûһЩСһЩ˵ļһӿ뾩ǡ˵Ǽ̨棬ʵϾһЩĸ߹ү֮ûʲôֵ£˲ţ׳Լҵ
Ҫһܹ˲ţҲܽ⳯ϵǿ
һֱϵʱʵҲ鷳Ȼͷ֪١ݷߡ
ֻˣȴҲ͸һźס㼱ææܳȥһЩƷȥݷһԼġʦ
˵ʦǵԼʼʱĿ٣Ϊп˻ԣڴͳϰϱʦţպڹٳҲⲻҪλıǩ
ҶĶЩҲֻ˽һ֣æתֹһ䣺㲻ǲ뿼ôǻôŽЩʲô
һ˵ҪڹٳΪ˲Ż㿴ЩڣΪԼСĳˣԺڹٳϿǴ粽СЩܹü࿼ְλĶѰˣڳ㹻ܻȷʲ
һЩƷţҶһͻȻ˹԰ұӦµģôŽʲô˵תͷʰĻصĪҪæˣҴȥתתǣȻúϢһ
ȥݷλʦôһ˲ΣݸͣȻ㻰һ䡣
ˣʲôʱݷöǿԵģ߰ɣ˵˲һקŻؾûӰӡ
Ǻ˲ζһԣһֱ֮ˤĿ˸ӣһС˲ֱ˳Ҷһ̣ǡС
ϣ٣
ںһɤӣС˹Ȼ˲ε˹ȥһ˲μȻСˣһС̳
ò׵˾ǣԼЪϢһ˲ΡٰһҲˣǾǣ˲ֶϡ档
ȵСõļ˽ҶĵķУһľ²ȣٶһС̳ˮ֮Ҷֻһ޵ǾеĿջ㲻۵СҲ㾫µĲȣ
ˮ򿪣Ȼ㲻ʲôƣҲһЩСسӾǿࡣסɽ깵ҶģȵĻͨͨӾơ
ܰҶȳһڣȻ޵ҲõĹ󰡣
̾ţѩ˽һ۾ͿںȾƵҶģʦֻҹʲô
ʲҶķԸСȥ˳Ҳȥѩȴû˵ʲôѩŻῪڷʡ
ֻһҶķһӲ˻֪꣬ʦǺԼԶģҪҪȥʦܣ
ʦܴŻع侩ȥˣ
Ŷѩ£ŻҲ˽еˣڵСŮӻǸ˰ɣȴҶģײô龰תҪ뿪
ҶֱӿڵҲãҲʡȥˣҲûԶذɣһ°ɣ
Ҷģѩֻ۾е棬֪Ҷ˵ҪԼǺ¡
ҶƣȻƣȸѩͻ¶˷ֱҨһ˲μŵ⼸춼Ƿ¶޵ģҲǿˣʦ˲Σø˲
ȶʦõȺɣҪ˾ͲúˣȴѩͻȻ쭣ϽȰ£ȻתͷԻµӻûȫãȵ˲μò
ȵ˽ȵҶֹһھƣŵҲ˾ǣһҲˣ㣬պкδ㣿
ѩ֪Ҷ֪ôģȻţ˵νҲôиۣ㲻ٲڣֻһſ˵
µͷǰĿ룬ʲô˵ĶƵأҶļ˵ֿһһȻõ߰˰ˣ󼴱㲻°æҲȬһ򡭡ָĻʵѰܹġ
û˵꣬͵ҡͷҲǹˡ˵пǻҶĺѩһ֪£Ȼ˳
ȴһŹ򣬻±Լ𵱳ԼСʱԼϴ裬Լҩԡֻ˵ΪǿԼʣͬʱ̵Լ̬ʶѧ赸һ㡣
ԼԺֵʱҲǺȰοԼҪʲôҲԼһȫǼٵģһжֻΪ˺ƭר
һ뵽Źͻ飬ԼǸɵϣ˶ŹŶŹԼҲϲ
šǲҳ棬ܸ˼Σ˵Լ棬ʵǵͷ͵ļеλҲɽǸСسǣҳﻪѰ˼ң̫⡣
һòɫǾƷΪһʸѧණ΢ǿ̤ż׵ľˡΨһ䣬ϸƲ
¼ͷʱѩһԲȴƳһ㻪µ˼쿪ʵĪǻҪɽ
һһȻӵ̧ͷһѩȻһҶģҡ
Ȼû˵ġѩ˲˵Ҷģ뿴Ҷδ¡
ɽɣҶͷҲ֪ôˡ
ʵϣղѩһ˵Ǿ䡮ɽľͲͣ˰ģƺ͵¡
˵ĶǼٵģһŶ۵ŮӴؼңû˭ѡֻܾһǵԼʦãҶֻӲͷƤһɽҪʲôĪҪϰ䣿
ⷬһѩ˫ĿһɣݺݵĵҶһۣͬʱҶǽһȣݺݵ˼ջء
ҶǳͣʹҳȵѩԼջȥųһȻ͹һھˮȵĶ˾Ͳʹˣ
ֻ뻪ô¶ҲӲȥƵһ״վȻһͨһȥŵСŮӵɽΪѣȻǸԶλ˵ǶͷˡСŮ֮ʱλǰӾľΣٰչˣŽСŮָܹ糣λСŮΪԸΪūΪԶźλ
һЩ˵꣬ҲҶĺѩӦ̾Ǽͷߵȥ
һٶĪ˵ҶľĲ֪ӦԣѩҲŵĲ֪룬ߵͷߵĶͷðѪͳסͷ˿ڣæγԣҲǱɱΡȻ䣬Ҳ˻ڣαԼ
ֻǹڵϣ޵СʦʦҪˣѾ޴ȥλ
ҶĴʱͷˣʻ¾ġƽƽĹ°뱲ӣԼһǡ뱨һҵҲҪ˶೤ʱ䣬ֻû뵽ҪԼŮ
ȻǺ˵飬Ϊţ񡢴šӦǲܽܵġɣ
ԥӦ𣬲ѩȻȻˣһɽˣֻʲôΪūΪ澵ĻĪҪ˵ˣѩСͱºҲٲԼĸΪΰԼҲ֮󣬾Լ֮صĸо
ڵʱʦʦ֣ҲįȴʲôҲûУΪְ飬ҽԵС书ַϣԼߣⲻһ³
οòûԱǾֻԴͷȻƵն֮أʵڷġ
ֻǻ´ʱȴлл֮¶ú÷̶λŮıֻ֡Ǳѩסͷȴߵȥˡ


174 ״Ԫ
ڿջݶϣҶĿ˿ԼԱߵʦã˵ʲôǾòף˿ڡ
ʦ˵ʲô
ҶָĦԼıӣ˧ƶʱȻǻεĴɱûʲôֻ֡
ѩͷ˿Լʦ֣Ϊͬûɽôѩ¶һЦݣֻ۾΢΢һУǺΣյģʦ־ʦԵô
ȻǣҶĹϵѡȷѡ񣬲ʵΣֻôشŲĸ⣺ʦͨĺܣֻʦ㲻ǲϲô
ѩ˴ɫ΢΢һ죬˭ǰǲʦ֣˼ҿķ
ڰɽԺ춼ǰ֣ѵķ
ǰְΪԼɲôġ񡭡ѩµҲͬ飺ο֮£֮ĸоʦҲӦйİɡ
ҶĶСͱɽɽ£ʦȥӤº󣬶һʱȥԼΪλᱻΪʲôĸҪԼѵԼô
ԼǶʦʦӦſǵĿҶĵֻʦչˣҪҪԼѵĶࡣ
ҶץץԼεЦЦ֪Ӧλش⡣
Цһ۾͵ˣô֪ǰǸζȹǶӣԼǰǸȻôҸҲ֡ĸоԶѩ˵֮֡ȴԼ֮ءĸо˿
ѩ˵ֻǶӲùҶĲȥ̸Ҳ˵ȥˣȴͻȻ˾䣺ɽϣʦֺܸ˰ɣ

ͻȻðôһ䣬ҶҲǴһĵĪ̽ԼĵҲ֪ôӦ𣬿ȴ̵᣿漴װģĿ˿ңһƬڣΧķǶѾϨ˵ƣһƬžʱһ紵ʵˬĺܡ
һˣǻеˣҶĺѩǹĽˣ㺮κβǣֻҶȴͻȻˣʦô㵥ǻе˵ſ˫֣Ҫѩڻơ
ѩҶҲǷ°ۡοΪͲϺĪ˵㺮䣬ǺµУǺҲ˲ֺ֮Ѱ仯Ѿ޷Ӱ쵽Щָˡ
ǽԼλŲһ£ȻҶĵļϣԼʦ˫ůı۰Լס
˾һ̧ͷϵǹ⣬ҶĻůıţĵҲǴΪ⣬ֻһֱôȥͺˡ
ʦ֣ǵõòǴô
ҶͷЦŵĪǵȾزȻұܵسȥҽǴΣ
˵ЦΪŮ˵ˣ˳ɾһڡ
ԼһڣѩķȭȻؿһãĵʦֺ˵ˣʦֲĿһ˺ԶҵʦƲ
ҶǰԼǰõǰôôҰһ֮ȫˣ
ѩɲ֪ҶʲôֻǼʱʦӲĺܣһ׽۵ĲУǺϰɷгɣǻʦأ
塭
Ҷףǵôãѹ书ϡƽҪ˵ֻۡǶһе츳ԲƾԼ塣ͬʱ츳Լ̳˹ڹԽҲĺ
ӵֻʱΪŹ˵ģôһԵУ
ѩҶĻ￿˿ʦֿҪ׳ʵĶˣ˵ⷬѩ̺һƬҶĴӺȥѩǲҲֺϼϾ˼һʱ嶯£Ȼǲһڡ
ѩҶһȴôҲ벻Լʦ־ȻͻȻᱡԼֻһ֮漴ȻɫͮͮģȴûжܣǾĸŲϴĸо
ҶҲ֮һںûмȥʵټĻԼѳֲסȴĸһЩҹɫУ˱ڳһһ㡣
ڶա
ʦ֣ûϢô
һͱײ˸ţҶ޾ɵĴ˸кӦһ⼸ķ¶ޣȻд˯е㲻ϰߣ˯Ĳȣ
ҲȡЦʦ治Ǹˣд̡ů˯ȣʦҿ˯ʮ㽫⼸յƣ͸ȥˣ
ǴҳһӾûԹʲôͷɽ΢һ࣬Ҫˮƽɺڼ޼
ÿﶼǳԺáȺá˯ãοҸɽ˲ŮͻһרźϴѾߡ
ԣɽϵʱ㣬ûʲôµɽ鵽Ľġ
¶޶ڽ˵Ǻƽ飬ʵλ칫ӳ˲ٿͷʱҹ˯ҲԸҸط¡ʵס˲ŽϰӦ
ʱҲûԹʲôеĴɲӵİ˶ǴںȾƣߵﶼûסĵطԷ˶ӻǮģʦ֣ҾӦôԡ
ҶֱӸһ䣺ܼ㲻ȥˣ֪СӷҲһ飬⵱Ҳˡ
ȻЩͷ˾ǣܹһ񫣬պͻܳȥתǻɽѾͷǮƻУСһδھƴԷӵϷ
ȻҶĴʱɲ֪Щֻǰ˰üģˣǸ˲ν˼ˣҪĻһ
˻֣˾˰ɣ˲Ҳȥ˲֪˲Ǹҩ̾򵽣ȥҲʵˡҽȥûϺõϲһ
ŶҶ˵ҲͲˣЩӷ¶ޱûϢãպʦݶϿǿһҹѩ˯ĺԼȴﴵһϵ硣
賿ʱʦۺವһܻԼ䣬ȻȥҶıһҹҶѾľû֪ðŻǲŴӷǱһƷ˺ġ
ǿʲôʱ򣿡
ӣǵԵӣֻҪǰȥԺȻɹԺԺʿǽʳǣԺ͵ùȥ
ŶǿŰ񣿡
ͷŰڵϾͻᰲպְȻ״Ԫۡ̽˻ҪγǡϯȵϯɢҲˣҪǹٳлˡ̾˿Щ˵һ飬ĵȴνһ׮ȥ
ҶԼʦܵļ򣺡ţŬÿ״Ԫ
ɫһڣʦ֣Ӧµô濼״Ԫһ
Ҷȴ⣬ֻЦ򵥣ͷӦȥˣ˵βأܲͣùҲˣ
βȻѾΪתûʱʱ£۾ϹĶ
ⲡ֢ѰҽҲβˣʱ򵱽ʵȻǹ֮룡Ҷ°ͣȻһ̽ơ
ȴߣʦƽʱʲôãż磬˵ĻĲŵ
ô
еģң
պ󡭡
룬Ȼǲеģ֪ҲҺ겻ʮʮŵٺŹҲǴΪ˷ܡ
λ꣬ǰ껹ΪһЩմȨس⣬Լ顣⼸Ǽ뿪˳ãŽùࡣֻ⼸һȥȴԼֱ߿֮˾ûж١
Դǰ꿪ʼεԵľС
ÿεԣŻʵۿԴھԼţһԼİ׵ƣֻЩôĿɰԼδαҪЩжٿ֮ˡ
ٶĿȻǲԶƽݲͣʱ͵ʱҲǾһ£С̫¼侹˿֮ˣΪɫŮҲ˲٣ڣòЧǰĳλץȥĻ
˶ֻʱʱһЩ⡣ڿΧ࿼󳼣ǿҲüֹ
ȵ˾ڴһ飬Ȼֽʵ۹Ŀһڴ󳼶ƾͬһžֽΪ״Ԫ˼֡
ȵ֮ҲǴΪֻͣǺ˾ȻףҲڽλͬƾٰɣ
֪ȺһԲĵʱȴԼһʣд󳼵֣˷ԣڹ֮ˮƽʵڲǿ⣬ϿˡϳѡŲ֮
һ˹ȻԾȫһ飬׹ΪͬƾһžֽΪסľֽ̫ϡƽֻһݺȺƾΪףлʵۻԼˮƽԲŻ
Ȼˣ㽫¾ֽŸΣϸҲһҲǴΪˬڴŵһεԣû뵽Ȼûʲô֮ġ
Һ״Ԫʵ飬Ҳ̫ʧֽǺ
Եʱ򣬾ֻֽбţûȵ֮ŻȡϵСͰϾͰС
̫ఴŽСͰȡȻ򿪣ȡֽƽɽͣ
ͣ
һ뻹ûģɫȴ˼䣬̱д󳼵ϣͲҿ״ԪϧţͰۻ̽ˣ
ȴʲŵмžֻһʱʱ죬ڳ˶˲ʵҪǣҪμӵԣȴҲĴݷãֻڿջЪ˼죬ȻݷһµԵλ࿼٣Եȥˡ
ȺĸߣһʮС޸ˣĵֻ˳ֲ԰һĿǡôһԱԵͷ
뱾ڿһҲеԾȺͷӺιʺһ˹ȥֻ䣺зִ磡
һ仰ڳĻ˻ȥȻصԼ鷿С̫ʸܻ
С̫ȥʱһӢĺӽĴ˵ǻʸܡ
뽫ʸܻǰѯһȻʸһ𣺡뾩ǺֻݷùԿ٣һȻ˻ȥЦȺ϶浱޺úŪ
˵ǷݾֽصڹǴǽ˾ֽҲǲ뿪ģֻԭλֳ˭Ҳҳ½ŵĶҲֻǿֻ̣͵Ŀԣʱʱ
ҲⲻͣмǺ߲䣺첡û·ϣ
ҲĵرȽϺõģ̾һ壬Ҳò״Ԫ֮
״Ԫۡ̽˵һͬʱҲ˻ʼҵ档λǰ֮ˣ޲òһʱ֮ܣǰҲйȴòª֮ĵù
Ҫ˵ò;ǵ֮ڣκʱʱͿµĲ֮ȻϲҲϣԼѡѡȥѡɣ
Ѱ˼ţʵۺλ룬Ǹһֱ̺ϵС̫ſһ°
ǴӺǰģǽϸ֮һһЩһԼ֣һɫҰףǹ˼ʱڻʳǵУ̾͵˵ڵء
һһ׶һ飬ȺԳԼľֽӦܻ׽ʿǹҰҲһЩ뵽һֱԼ֣˲̫һ׵һƽɽ͡


175 ƽ֮ң
ȴ˵͵Ը״ԪҶĿɲ֪ѩھתȥʱǷ⣬Ƽʲôϡ±͸Լӣ͸Լʦá
ȥμӵԣرҲûڿջһ˳
˺һ󣬾öпտգһָǰһĽ˵˾䣺ƮвٺóԵģôãȥЩ
ţȻвӣһ˺ӿ˹ȥעӵġ
ҪһȺмرĴڣѩϽҲ⴩һɫȹͷҲǾĴһһЩ֬ˮۡųǴҹ㡢ǧһ޶οòڣȻ˲Ŀ
лһԣŮҪɫѩдҪޣԶѩ֮ϡʱȴü˳ĿĸҶĺ棬Ѱ˼ֻǲͣöݺݵĿȥҶġ
Ҷĵ˶űһ֪ǽˣǻٿ˵
ȴ֪һЩȨӵܶһȺˣǼŮӡ
ǰŮӹȻǾˣһ׷󣬱ҲԸˣ
ΪֵϲŮӣȻŮӣȴһӲӵӢŮӲļƷ
ٺ٣λֻ̨עŮӣȴûƼǸƫСô
˵ǸСŮ˲죬аԭǺڣ
˴壬æǸϴ̽Ǹ
ŶǸ˻Ȼһͷȴǲһ㣬ǰ㽿С磬Ҳһζ͵ܹȻ棡
һƱYY˺һȴһ˸ǰȥѰ֪ƱӸļǶȺ˾ȻûгȥǿŮϷеĲ⣬ȺӸȴĺܣǲ룬ǲҡ
ϧ˵ȼ˾ȻǽˣĪ⽭Ůôôһпռ⼸λˣҵҲȥǽдһѰһλŮˣ
ԱЦֹҪȥǲİɣ˵ֵҾһӣǽҵĺŶ
ֹӴʱǽȷѪ꣬Ҳһ£ԼͿԼݣʲôŮӲУαΪݸŮ˽ȥæһǼǼ
һӦΧ˹һЦȴҲû̫ЦΪȺ˶Լ֪Լ£ŹˣܲôĿ࣬οյĵԼС
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Ҿ¥㣬һǴãöӰУһżԷĶҲȽϳ֡
¥İ䣬һĲõĻţһЩȾ̸ϲһ졣
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һȺӸʱ¥һԣһһߺȾ죬ǡɼɽһˣ⾪޵Ķ˵䡣
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羰԰ɣ
˵ſѩҲһԾ룬Ҳһ£Աֻл¾һԡ
ֹԴҶĵ¥һֱǡʵҲֻǣ¥ǲĿ˴붼һȺˣԵҲԵͻأ
ֻǴʱ²ҶԼѩԱߣһ¾ͽƳŮӵݡ
ǰɣȼ˾ȻֻһŮ
ĶǸ߹֮󣬶Էϯིͨ͸ĺܣԷʱҪԱ߿ŵģ϶źŮվλǸͷӡ
ֹӺ£Աһ֣̱һ˹ڽ߶⼸Īĳ£
Ա߻һհĹҲѯõĴȴǲ֪Ҷһ˵ǴûҲ֪Ǻźɡ
ӻһۣǰ﹫ӵҪǽͰһζˣ
﹫⻰˵Ŀϧ֮ˣĳ˶ˣ
ҪͨУͽǿŮɣ
ɣ
Ĳ㣿
ú̸Ը㽫ŮַӲȻ㲻ǿŮ
ôֹƣִһﶼһ޶һǲȷӣǵλ鹫ӴգιǺôҲǹٻӵܣóòã
͡
ҶԴ£ע⵽һһѹӸһ˵Żͬʱͣ͵ԼˡǵǾǣ߸·Ҳײʲô֮󣬲С˼֣ڹҪȺӸıʲô
ԽԽ֣ʵ̲סеĲˮ˳ȥ缸ܲҲXǵǰ˰
ĩ˻һֱվĻµǼλǵ͢ϵĴ󳼺ˣƵ۵ô
Ϊʧûע⵽ȺӸǵ˵ʱҶһ˵̾ҶΪλ˵µͷū澻ᾡķүүĪҪūˡ
Ҷû뵽ȻôػЩΡүū澵ĳƺʵеܲס
һתͷͼѩһۣĵƣû˵ʲô˵ǿЦ뵽Цҿ˵ġ
ƣƣ˵ͷװưϲߣ㲻ͣԼˮʲôҲ˵ǰƢȻֱӿڳˣֻǾ飬Ҳ統ǰ
˵䣬ǱڹӸ绹ûͷǸһֱһԵͻȻڵȿȣүΪĵǵĻ
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ȺȺͺԼҹӳ˳ͻʱֳʲôѪ֮ǿǴ鷳䱸ϵķ˶Ҷˣַϡ
ֹӻǰּһЩݣŸԸ븮һͨΪḻүܣԱԼҶƽռҶĵˣʱΪ⣬ǿƬԽƲ͸ͷˣȵλŮʱ˵ķӦɲڸڹԶҲ֮
һѣֹҲһ㶡һ̧ͷλȥּҵǶܶˣ䱾ҲĺܣԵҲûлɡ
﹫͵͵ǱһƣȻʵļ˵Ļ𣿡
书ϵ飬﹫ӻ֪Ϥ뿴˵ĹǲǱλ绹ߡ򵥵İ취Ƿ˵Ǵ𰸾Զ׼ˡ
ֻλҡҡͷԵҪ൱ڹΪģλһڹԶ£ǽĽ
ر֣˵Ծӣʵֹӵ˶ⷽ۸ãƽﶼԴƣ֪λ˵Ӳڿ˵һһ˵Ƕ˵ǶȻ
һ˵λӸ練˺ˡ
λĺɣߴеῡܣ
ֻô˵ҲܽǰŮɣ
ύһ
ǰǰ
˵֣ǱѩȴһҶģʦֺõأȴΪղһҲȺӸ˵ʲôԲ͵
ҶĻû𻰣Ⱥ˵
ǸͬŮǺأ
᲻ãˣۻϷ
ʲôã˳ʦðɣˣûϷˡ
ιʣ
㲻֪ôһʦãǱڶϱˣһһûܣ
˻һѩߣ͵ͨ죬ƫֲ֪ηҶļ״ֵĲУתǱ͵ԼƵڶ๫ӸһȭҾһơ˼ԸԸһƣǺ޹ˡ
ֻԼһǱ๫ӸҳһţȻ׷׾ƱҲһ̬ҶһȺӸ絹ҲʲôˣǼн̵з
ǡڴʱǰȶͻȻһ״Ԫν
ֻһɤӣ¥ϵĿ˺һҶţԼνʱҪһ棬ⰵԵ⣺ѡӣ
أһֻһϤӰ״ԪضӣڸͷϽΧۡţҶĿⷬ󣬵ȷ벻ʲôеĴˡ
ϣ˸״Ԫ
һ䣬ͻˡҪ֪ͱŪȥһԶһ״Ԫֲ֪ʲôˡ
תͷ˿ԼɽɵˣȻЦɽλ˸״ԪɣȥʱǲҪ״ԪĶһ𰡣
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ɫźÿһЩͬʱֶҶĵлֻ̫СҲ֪Ҷû
²Ҷģذһûɣ
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˱״ԪɷɣŮӼͿΣСžţһЩҾ׻߱ǴǧҲٲúԼѾŮʲô¿״Ԫɡİۺ̽ˡ
ȻҲһЩļҶǲԺҲϵϵýʲôġ
˶أͻȻôһɤȻĽ˶˳Ŀһ̧ͷȻͼ¥¥һȺѹѹ˼һʱҲ֪ں˭˵
Ҷľͻ˻֣æİɣ
֪ںǸɫ˵˼ҶҲǱãһ࣬⻥̸˼䣺λ¿״Ԫɵʦ֣Ҳһ˲ţҲ֪ĸţ
ȺֻҶһƾ٣Ѿ̤ٳˣһǸ٣Ǿ䲻ȥΪλ״ԪǼסҶļֻĺܣҲ֪ĸŰˣҲ߸ػ·ߣúϵϵ
̸ţѾߵԶˣҶĵ˻صλãȴΧԼĿб仯
лô
ԼҶľûʲôֻǸղżûԻµᵽʲôˣ
ҡҡͷ
ţһѹͻȻžƱ˹˾ƱСƽ֪֮λ̨γƺ
Ҷһ㶣ȴû뵽Ⱥ˻ͻȻ˹ҪޱȾᣬӦ죬æҶģȴǼһƱ˶ˣûֺš
Աһεĺӵ׾ƲλʦУ֪ҶֵʦţһڽζʻҶв٣εҲ⣬ЦŴɽţֻɵشƫԶλ̨ûģ
˰죬Ȼ벻ɽɾʲôͷôһûҲϡ档οҶĸղԳڹòηҲʧ
ҲԼֻ˵ţͻȻһ¥һϵ¥ƽ֮Ц˰ʲ̫æû˵кȻתͷҶһУֻԼѣֱӾЦҽңԺǿ¥ֻҪҵţԿֵܣ
һҶľʲôƵأ˸ȥң


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ԲԲӣӷ׵Ǳȫ˺ӣλԼǰԶһӡ
ң
ȷһ䣬ҶĸоԼĶͷð˸ȥұΪԼЩΪ͹ˣû뵽ײжˣñٽȥ˰ɣң
ңǺһЦȰķҶļһģԼֵܣңˣҪַһ㺰ҴҲУ
˵ҲҶǶӣԹԵĽôϣⱲܹң뵽һûþͼҵ䣬ϵҲգʣôʲűҰĿô¥
ƫҴСͺóԣʱʱϲܳȥҳԵĶһ֮¾ͰСĳ˴죡Цһ󣺡û˹ˣ¥Ĳ˶֣˭ҲûҳԵ磡
¥Ӷôϰߣһˣ׵Ĵ϶ҪȹһڣһǿΣһǽ˵ʦûвġ
ֻҶаǳƺţҲΪ˵ûûˣ
ҶĲ֪һ˲ͷϵ亹Цãһһᣡ
ȻǾѣķ˿ɻԵϰߣòˣҺ˵⾩Ҳģܵ¥Ϊ˳ǲˣ
һ·Ҷȥһ߶߶˵û꣬λһ죬ȵ֮𣺡ϣ㿴Դûֵܹգ
Ҷģ
ҶġһǸˣĪҲμӵԵģ
صҶĻشˣλ״ıƽ֮˿ڣʲôԴԾǽգҶμӵԵģ¥Էô˵ֵʲ״Ԫνû
ң˰ѺĿȥղڳæתһ쵰ȥˣֵĶûУ鶼ȥ״ԪȥˣҲ֪һ˵־͸ԼһھƣǮ͵ܣ
ҶĶλԾͶˣƽ֮һƱӸǷϰΪ޷޲ƽȡЦ۲Ǯ񲻹ܰɣ
ңôһеҲסˡҪЩںԱ߻Ҷġѡ΢е㶪ӣǿŵٹ꣬¥ҹҵƹ˵
˵˵ƹ㵱Ӱ
˭˵ģĸһ˵ģҵľ¥ƾʲôҪƹҪײҲݺݸһ͡
Ӹңһ䣬һ˵Ĳֺֻƽ֮Ҷĵ֪Ҷ¿״Ԫǡ
ʲż״Ԫλ˵ںʦ֣ޱȲ죬ҲǾĪĪλǸȫţ
ȴЩ˶ҶͬһԺʦֵܣζûǱȥ롣ϾҲʱʱһ£ȻǺԣλƳǰ㲡̬ȫȻǸ֮ˡ
ҶҲµģλ״ԪҲǱˣűʦܣ
״ԪҲ书ƽ֮ɴۣ˫ȫǰλԭȫŵǸոȥ״Ԫɡ
ԼǷԣǰ˵书ǺǿģôʦܼһЩҲޡĲԿ״Ԫټǰ㿡òǵеĿܡ
뵽˴ƽ֮ЦҶֵλʦܣЩеæˣ
ιʣ
ƽ֮״Ԫһǲò֮ܣ״Ԫ볯ҲǱȻ֮£֪˼ҶλãֻϵһЩϵЩдֹеǧģҪڴʱиŮ״ԪȻѡˣ
ҶĻģԱߵĻȴɫһ䣬˵ʲôӲ˻ȥ
ֻƽ֮һ˵ҲҵҲϽ֣Ҫ״Ԫɺϲ⣬ǲ㡭

ƽ֮ͷǽ½ˣ
Ŷ㻹и㣿
ƽ֮ģԱһֱ˵ңȴͻȻһ£תͷҶĵҶֵܣֵȰһĪҪǱˣ
һ˵ҶĸȤˣƵô
ңҶһҪʣ㿪ڵǿǾġǸȥΧˣЩһЦſԼƺҪ֪ԼǱ㡣
ƽ֮Ҳһ޶ңһûöԣͷܸһ״Ըͷ
ƣңһģֱ˦˾䣺֮׵ĺܣѰ˿ܲˣڿǱ㶼Ƶߣ棡
˭˵ˣƽ֪֮࣬ЦŲ˾죺߱һֱҽ㣬Բڱ˵޲ȥ
ңһɫ˵޲ȥģƾƢ˭˳ֱӳӾͳ飬ĸ˸Ȣ˵Ȼһ飬ȻƣûԼиղ뵽Ǹ˲Ű˿Ҷĵ֮ҶֵܶǱԶԶģ㣡
ҶֻӣȤɽֻǾúЦԼŵĹ˭˭һأⷬҲֱ˵˵˻ɽ԰ʵأ
һȺĵ𣬸ɴͲһԺңֵ¥ȥ˼ˣȻԶ˻ΪղϵĲ˱һṦû˴롣
Ҷ߳ţǱҲڳš
ֻٷԵʵ⣬ʳеȻȾ£ˮ㣬ΧȥһòĹŮΪԼɾĳǸ¡
ȣλͽʹ࣬˵β˲ƽڼһ̴̵ţʵԶǸֻ̨ǽƨһοڻʵƤµ͡
Ȼߺ޵ĿһΧȺͬڽʿӷˮǶ״ԪͲһ㣿
ͬʱһ죬⸹ͿտҲκǰȻ磬ȴ׶ֻ꣬лʵ۾ٱʱ¿ƽʿǲŸҾƱˮơǲˣȴһ˶ȥ
¶ǣֻԽܣҸղźȵļˣǺһ£ԼǿԲҲ͵Ŀ˺һ
һĿⶼ˹ʵҲʵӹǣɲô˶ǸϿ·е̫
޳ҲһЩͶʿǰǸ岻ˣԶһˣȴתֻҲû룬ֻЩӱ죬·Ⱦ˷纮
ͻص֢֮ǻ˼ˣȾ֮
Ŷһ֪ⲡһһϦ飬͵ĴΪϲֻԼԺŹ֮ĵѰҽι
ιֻҪԼĪٹıָܻ
⻰һ˲֪ǲȻܵҿ˼Ѿ˺һˡ
ʲôаƣͬʱҲ˰ûֱӲ
Ҫ֪꣬ⲡƲôΣֻΪʵۣԵõģŮõģҲõģʲôȻҪ֮ã޴̫ҽһҲиõķӣ
˵ҲȥֱӾͶźŵС̫ȥг̫ҽ
С̫ӦȻһûӰӣϽ飬̫ɲҲŽŰ죬̫֮󣬸ܵķɿ죬ΪƬС̫ͻصУһԼʮңͷͺӻма׵
̫ҽˣҲҪֱָ͵¿״ԪͣȾ֢֮°ƣʲôεķӣ
ǳ´ӦǣȻǰǿ˿̫࣬ĳ̫ҽһ̡࣬ףһ
Ȼץ͵ͬʱɫأͣĴٲ֮ĵطȺһ´һף
еĪʵҲеͷԡӡ̫ҽҽ߳Ҵ²Ǵݲȵӣܽ¶һѾѵãżƬ̣Ȼ֮
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˵ɫֻòѰͳվͽݺȥĵȻʹ첻ֻ춼
ֻǳ̫ҽͷƲɫԽԽÿ˵ͣ״Ԫɼ֪࣬Ӻδѧĸ߳ţǡÿԿǹɺ״ԪѾɾͣҪ˶Ǻͻ
˻һֻԼһ´ӹȵ˻æʵô˵Ҳˣ˵Ǻ᲻ͻȻΪҲѧһЩţֻæԾΪޡմڻʳǵУѧҲûʲôʶǺ¡
̫ҽ״Ԫһֻ֮ǺķݣǹɺǾԷ˵ģ
˵˴Ȼתͷ͵¿״Ԫ˫ȫȫţϷ򹧺ػϵô˴ţ
һֱʱŷӦͶţǾǶøڼҹ򰡣ԼҪҸ״Ԫ˫ȫĿܡ̫ҽһأѾԭְһء
û뵽һ书Ӣ۳꣡
Լ࣬ṦҲû̫⣬ֻԼ࣬硪ѧ֮ЩȻٰӭֻԼšȴ֪ǰλ֪˶١
ѧһ΢ĩ֮лϼЦˣ
߿ԱʿȴԽһ䣺֪ѧ˵èİʽȻų˫ȫޣ
Ⱥмʣ˺ȱȽϺõĲ⣬˶زסԼ뷨Ŀεһ۾ƳЩ˼ֻԼڹٳ˻죬Ȼ첻⣬ʵۺ˵ҲӦ
˵ݣԽԳȲжϲֻڸԼ˿̵ı۰˵ʱܻȥ͡ȻûˣЩͲ˳۵ԽļǺޡ
˵һͻȻԼѧʱҲ̸۹񽭺е飬кöɣ±ʵ֪ѧǺźɵģ
͵ǳϼҴһɣɽɣλƫԶԣ
ֻǸССֻǹǵ͵ʦţԼصˣܴǵȸŵģҲǽˣһ㵹ԼƲ⣬Ͼ̫ҽ˵ǹɺҩʯΣ֤⺮ǿᡣѧŹκȻʮĸڹ
һ룬ֻΪȾ֢ԲŻɽѧڹþȴ֪ⲡɽɺȾϵġ
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Ѱ˼ǲԼ˵ʲô֣ȴͿڵ΢ʦ֣΢ʦֵʦͽɣһʦڣ
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һԵᣬһӣҲǻͷǵ뿪˻ʹ
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ɢȥ鷿һߺŲ裬һŽյͬʱһźŵС̫ࣺСӣնкޣ
С̫æǰָʹʸϣʱȺλ¿ƽʿǣԱȥˣ
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⻰һ˵ǻСӵ̫ܳ鷿ʱǻʸܸ˽
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ڳڶҴڸƵģǾǳ洦һЩˣרְڸ֡
ǴڸֻǰǶһ˵ǲ˾ǰָʹҲվǰλʸܡ
ϣִϢѾˣڼһҪϹĿʸ˵ȡһ£ȻСܹӵݵʵǰ
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ɽɣ
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ǣҪǣɽ֣һǻյ״Ԫͣ
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˵ͷô˵书ܸߣ
ܸߣʸȻûۼͳ֣Ǹ̽ӿԼŵù£õϢжϣ͵Ĺȷܸߡ
ΣȤŨû뵽͹Ȼߣִϴͷһµʵȫŵͷˡ
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붼ҪʣֻʸⷬͲµ˴𰸣Ǻ޵Ǳأ
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ʸʲôԸΪ˽⣬˵ۿۣҲΪ˵ǰָʹʸ˵ùǳܽͽУǱԲſڿӡ
ǰʹڸоеľȺƽʱӰҲʲô飬һȺүһ㣬ֻҪܱá˭֪ȺǻʼҵɱﵣܹõһְĶǸеĸ֣󲿷ںڣٲֳԱɡ֮ûгΪġ
ͬʱҲ֪УǱԼȫ˶Ӱȥ٣붼ɰû뵽;ȻҲȸ֣
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ַ˷£ȵͻȻһУħˣ
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ɽִϰħ̹ȥͲ̫ģֻǽл֪Ҳ书ıˡ
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˵Եģټǧ˴һŵŹɱѪɺӣٸ棿͢棿ϰ룿
ԣÿħ㹻õȨߺһæ
ħǱУκʼԸʵķֽ¶һԣԼüģͽںȥһЩڸȥ鿴˳㰵ͨ뺸ݸϸ̽ħ̳ѨڣҲýں֪֮ԷϼںδԱγ
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ħ̵˵й¶˵˼ҹųġ
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˵նС̫СӣӦʲôλͣѰأԹڶʿһְֻٰǴ඼Ǹְ˵˾ǽŵѧͽѧϰδŵĹѧϰ١
Ļû׼֮øְְֻڳлһû׼ǾͿѧͽǼˡ
ٲҲְֱģ̫һôǱɵҲ֪λõʵ۳ţʥ¡ѰҲλȥΪ׼Ժߵʲô磬ҲָտɴǿǸͷʲô١
Сȴʲôǻ΢ɲԣ΢ΪĿ״ԪɣЩϵС̫Գūţ̫йְԳ΢
ЩϵԼ°ͣѾһЩ룺Ϊô
취ǲֻԼ껹ᣬֻһŮҲࡣҪ˵ΪҲԼĽ㻹δ޳ȥأ
˼ǣ޵Ľ㣿
СӵͷһߣѰһֱ벻ۣȫţǱҲʲô
˵ͷֻһ뵽Լ˭۵İҲһͷۣڵ˾䣺ںúѰ˼Ѱ˼⽨鵹ǲԺԼȥǮ㻨ɡ
Ѱ˼£ͣǱȴͷǵĻص˿ջһžͶС˵ʲôԵģϽϵ㣡
뵽СЦŵ͹٣㿴ⶼôʱˣӶȥϢˣ¯ĻҲϨˣʵûŪԵˣ
ҲУؿǶˣʱҲ˲ࡣ
˶ûˡСҲǿЦãǰλҲ֪ʲôȥˣȻ˫۷ŹݺݵĶԼҪһΪ߻谵СûƳ¿״Ԫ
ţͻȻشӺת˹ﻹзˣȵӰɣȥ濴ļҾ¥ûأ
˵Ҫߣ뱻һסһôԼ֪Լʲôʱظ֪˵ǡøǲŵģôʱҶ˯ˣĿܸϵϣΨһĽ;ǻһֱ
еΣҪιȥֻ˰쾹Ȼ벻һڣֻõȥԵģ
͸Ͳ֣ظ˻αͽСԶһ¾Ȼק˽ͻֱײ͵ϡʶԼȻ§ڻǸ죬Ȼ֪Ǻˡ
Ƭ̣ʶãæһſ
δŵӣµʲô
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̧ͷֻʰεСŤͷ״ѽûˣϢˣ

ͽһ⣬Լ߽ԺǷһѵĲȶδģ֪ԼȻϲصȷڵԼ
ﲻкö෹ô㻹ȥʲô
رһ̵ĶԼ弦ˣʱһʷˣ΢һ㣺ǡǷ˶ˣȥȵģ
һ˹ȻѾȴΪ⣬ֻǵôˣȵȥν
ֽȥˣ
˻νʵûȣһѽ˵ô鷳ҵģ˵˫˹ֱ˫ƻһƬ죬ʱð
һţ͵ϧⴿ𹦷Ȼ𾢣ǽṫƬ̼ܷˣ
ÿṫʣ֪ⷬ᲻һΡ
ˣһҲνϵԼԲȺģ֣˾䣺Щ˭ѡģ
ؼ¶һ־տڹѰ˼ԼʱܴﵽΪǰ˻ΨҶȻƫھȴתʹھ͸ղ£ԼҲģûǰɰˣֻԼȻû뵽
ûţͻȻͷʣҲûѡģҶҪҪô֣ȻѾɽˣŻߺʦֶɣŸĵĿڡ
һû뵽ȻҶİæģ˿һ˺˵ռһݳˣɼǳˣҲѳԡҶĶٳӦо飬֪Ļϰ˳ʲôҲԲŶӻġ
ʦֶõĵࡣ

ͻȻյߣȻһɤӣʦָϽ˯ȥɣȻڻزĿ߻ص߳Ҳһԣ
Ŷ
ӣͷʲں˵
ʹҧһڼȣ˵ͷһʦְ˳ĵط͵
رǲţҶĺҲǸˣҲûпܣҲʣֻǾͳԷ
ͬʱϣĳ͵ļһԼĶ䣬ȻһԵѩƲ쳰ֿԣǵҪ͵
ҶȴСǰҲû͵˵û㣿ֻʲһʵеܣʱ졣
Ķ䣬ҶӷԾȻͷѩʦòôѵ
ѩһȻԾ£ô漴ʲôƵصˣʦĪǵĽհƽ֮˵ģּҲڸҷ飬ԲʦܺصĹϵˣ
ڻغ֮飬ҶĲûѩҲ֪һ˵£ѩǾ˫ͬġϾͻദվãϵҲܺãȻСöһЩ
ҶĻ˻֣⼸֪ˣʼץŮ˾͵ðż̤ã
˵һ㶼ûڶһ˵Ҫݷͣһһһһвý͵Ķ䱥ܴݲС
ڷҶģֻһԿ֣ʱƽ֮ɥ˹ҶһھǣҶ֣СҲԸģҶֺ˵һ֣һȺۻһ


178 ͵
ƽ֮һ֣Ӱ˵˺ö࣬ҶţֻλּҹּЩ͸ҶԼλļ񣬳֮⻹Сһ˵һָ棬Ҷ˳ָһƣ滹վŲټҶۣŴӵ档
̬ⷬҲвƼΧΧ۲ͣ
ϣô
㲻֪¿״ԪɾסⶼŮģ
Ŷѹҿջûͣԭ״ԪסȻ˴СһѵˣôֱʣļҰ
ң
飿ǲǡ
꣡ĪҪԣֱֻܿǣ
ֻƽ֮΢΢һЦЩ͸״Ԫֵļ񣬻ҶִΪ£
ҶҲƳּΪŮ˱Ǯ»治Ӧ̽ŵʦܵ飬¿οֹⷬǰΪ֮ʵǡȻǰһƣҲ£ֹӻǡ
뻰û˵꣬ƽ֮ڴϵЩЩ񣬺ֵ֮ûʲôϵҶĪҪƴǣȻǰһѶƻԭλ飬ҶֻҪӦæ˵˵ã벻ɵνģ
ҶһƤһּҹȻһ㡣벻ɶݽǽˡͲȢŮӣҲһֶûС״ԪδڹٳҲܶٺּ׽һЩҲһֹٳͶʡ
ţƽֵ֪֮ǽ⾩Ķ񣬲ҽҲ֪ȻƢ˵㣬Ҳǲͨ⾩ҲǴԶﴫ˵а
ϲñӳ˻Ƣ㣿аֹһɲ˵ֻǽǰһľСд˿ֻһɫıʯ׹Լǰ
Ҷһ򿪺ӣһֱû˵ѩһۣһ֮ҲǴΪϲͶ࿴һ󡣱ҶƼݵǰϲ°ɣ
Ȼתͷƽ֮ҶҲǰܱ˶֮ˣ˵ȡԼǺһ
ⳤɽʽУϡ棬ƽ֮ţҶȡôһΪΣԵķһۡ
ţֻҶĽԼǰֵᣬʳָָָɫֻһ֣Ƿɫ䣬ͬʱжɽԽ
ڶ棬ƲҶľЩʲôֻһĦڶʵڲ
ֻƬɢȥҶĽǳݵƽ֮ǰһʲôҪ°ģִ˽ȥƽɽɽѰұɣ
ƽ֮ӹһֻⳤƽĽдɽҶļ֣Ծ˵һֺ鷨οҶָⳤдɣǰһЩ˵˵Ĺ
ƽ֮Сͽ̵ֽܸʱⳤҲ֪ⶫζʲôһԼǱ飬֪ȸ־Բ·ߵİײ㶼üġ
ԭֻҶĹףȻӦǽϵһλ֣Ҳ̫š֪Ҷǽдĸּ֣ܹʶһλҲһ⣬
µݹĽʽȻǳʵݸΪķ磬ƽ֮ŵҶ̫ˣ
ҶĲԣֻǺһڲ裡
ȷڿҪȻƽһѶȴ˰£ԼʵھùⲻȥϾǸûּҴСûʲô֪Ȼܰ˵ý
󼸸гһƽ֮ͻȻ֪ɿɻյӣ
Ҷһ㶣һƽ֮²ӣ漴λֹѧ˼Ϊ鹫ӣλܵѧļ
߹۲ţֻƽ֮Ҳⷽѧ깦ȻֻһЩ򵥵İʽҲЩˣӦ̫ɣ
Ȼ˵ǱȴԳֲԼ֪Լ£СҪѧϰֲʫģҪԼѧѧˣദȻ󣬽껹ʮѧȴĶ࣬ΪҲǱȽ
ŬѧϰĺӹǱȽϲϴӵܣĻмͨѾͷůѣʱʱٳȥƵһʵòȥϾʱҲ࣬ʱ֮١ϵʵĶܹ֤ϰʱ䶼С
Ҷۣһ̧˸ơƽ֮ĺܣ֪˼Ҫ鿴Լǣ̰˹ȥ
ֻһҶľһüͷӹǿɹˡ
ƽ֮û뵽Լӱһ̽˳εƽҲһЩֻЧޣ
ҶĵЩӲĶĪҪԵ̫࣬Զ˷ãȻʵƽʲô򣿡
ƽ֮һһش𣬴඼һЩ򵥵ĽȭƣĹҲϰʼš
Ҷ룬סƽ֮󣬶һȥסн·ߣ
ƽֻ֮һ㶣̱ĸԵҳֻǾĸоһȺ˿Լת˼תҶʲôʱɵҲǲ֪
ȵعҶĵлͼҶĵʶһҲԵżպֻҪ·ڼϰȻɲʲôָ֣١念ûʲô⡣
ʲ·߲һЩɹͻڹҲ࣬ʵϰɷĹġΪϰڹһ˽ֳԣʹɹרΪ⡣
⹦һ㣬ȴ˵ҹһԣвĹЧһǼȥꡣ߰ʮɿԽɣҲһ㲻
մƽ֮ɽҲּҽԵǽ׵飬˶ĺˡ
ƽ֮ҲǲĿˣֻ̬׽ҪнּŮûʲôˣǵЩҲһˡ
ҶǼ˽飬Ȳ˵Ժ᲻鷳˼ңǶһѺôҲܶ·ǣ
ҪǣܺɽɽԵԺּҲɽɼܳĵԼƽɱʲôǿ
ʵģҶִڸҵһ˿ȺתתȥʵȤĽ
ǷҲһ֮ɲɢҲͣеģȷҪӵĸ֡
үȻԵպڼϰ
ƽ֮ЦȻɻǵʱҶ͵͵Լͽǵպɢ⼸ڼϰôһԼôɢҲ޷ϰɢ˺ƾԼҪ࣡ҽⷬæˬˣ
ԵҲ˵ˣҪúϰˣǷҲǴģ
ֻһ䣬ͼᶨּҹӿ˹ľģҪһҹ磡
֪ԼߣǰҵĹҲ˹ݼҶġ
﹫ҲǰԼҽ˵ýģҶĶ﹫ӵӡ󲻶࣬ʱʱ˵ҲǺܶ࣬ջݷԼ
ֻһڣҶľ֪Լ´ˣ½ݷҶֵģҶһ֣͵ҲҶ֣ݷҶǺιʣʵϣҰǾңҲһЩ洫ĹԶ˱Ƚ׽Żݷã
Ŷ
Ҷ֪λĸǽһλָʹְȨҲǲС𾩳ǷλҲڽ˸ְҲܵøʵְ
ûʲôҶ׽ˣ˺һ֮󣬰Ҳ͸Ƕȥ
ֻ˵ô˵Ҷȴûô򵥡һɵ׽˵˻Ҫ£Լˡ
Ȳ˵Լʦ¿״ԪҲ޹߾£Լ͵ڼ£ͬ͡ʱҲɽ˹ϵܴɽҪɫĵӳʵԼİףҲһá
ЩټӵܣûĸǴ
˰ԼҲҶİѰ˼ǲӦ뿪ǵĺãôȥԼҲͺò˶٣һϡĴèΧ۵ĸо治ô
ֹţͼƣ˽һҶⷿļƣҲЦʦֽҲæĲаɣ
ҶĶ͵ֻϣ̲Ļ˾䣺ǰʦ״ԪͰ˵ֵ㲻˵ֻŪһô
ǺŪ˰ûŪȥһ˵Ҳƣ뵽ԾȻˮôԼľֽҲܿ״Ԫ
Ҷô˵Ҳֻܸ̾һȻҲپ⣬ֻʣ׼ʱ뿪ǣ
룺Ҫȵʵ۸¿ƽʿ꣬ȻȥĲű֮У
ŶʲôţҶļ¿ƽʿǴ඼ǽԺҲ֪͢ûôš
ֻ͵׽ʿһǽԺǸְҲûʲôˮʱܳɾû׼ˣ׽ʿһнԺģн޵ġ
һأһ׾״Ԫۡ̽ˣ˼ҲһʵȨŽޣĻҪǹҲˣ
϶ھȥҪζˣҲʶ⣬̴յҶԵ˾䣺ʦ֣ɻʣ
롭
ָͷҪĻֻˣµ뿪ǣصɽ
Ƭ̣ʱѾ磬Ʒ߰ĶҶҲ֪ûڷԣȥóһڰɣǱΧ۰ˣֲң
һȺ˺õУʱǷ㣬˻٣һȺ˺òŪӣŵòˣͲ֪˴ҪʹմսǼƣ͵ϣλ״Ԫء
ЩļҪʶʶģҲԼģ˵͵ټʲôġиģиŮȻܵǰͨһźҪС檣ͷޱȡ
һٷԵǽһ֣ҶȨϷˡ
ΪΧ˶ǣʱûע⵽ԶŮһԶ״һߵ̸һȺˡ

һɡ
С㡭Ǹ¿״Ԫˣ
ǳΪףҲһ˲Ŀȴʲô׵ŮӵСƵļ˵ô
ŮӴһϺóƳɵȹӣϲʣһ֮¶ɣôһʵۣ״ԪɵĹ⻷̫ҫۣ˴λ
С㣬ʡү˼ǽСλ칫ӣū칫ӳֿΣŻָߣǿС
Ů΢΢һ̧ۣһۣȻȻһӾȻòŮһʲôõģ˵ǡͿֵȻ㲡ôԱλ˳ۡ˵һָɽеһôı磬ˡ
ԱѾֵС㣬״Ԫɰ˵ĲŲԵʱ򼸺ûκִڴƾΪ״Ԫ飬С㵱˵Ҫô
ŮӺһСҪĲŹˣ֪òڣͦΣûҪһЩգ˫ȫǿǿϱС㣡
ѾͷҪﵽСҪǶͷλҪֶָߣѰʮôࣿ
λһֻƳһۣǱãϱС㣿ȻֵСյ͵У뿴Ǹ״ԪǸʲôˮƽߣˣ
ѾΧΧסԼ˵ȻԽҲ亹ˣС⻹͵
ǱᣬҶҲע⵽һȺˣ͵͵͵ǱҲ֪˭ҵС㣬ô㣡湻ߵģ


179 
Ůڽɽָָģʱͱɽ˲λɺһ˵Իͣ
ȵ˵ĹˣȻһվü׳ӻŮˡ
ҶĿԶתͷͣŮ˹ģ
εЦЦֻǵͷԷʲ˺һһӶ˾ûԵڣʱŵõǷ
һʵʵĸвˡȻ֪ʲôʱһЩò˸ԼȻţʱҪԣûкò·ҶļΪֻܰ̾һɽҵȷĺܣӲûҲʱôһѲ˹ȥ
ʲŮ˵ĻҲһ㣬Ů˾ȻƲͣԼСͽܹ͡ʵϹòʱʵʵҲƲԸΣһӳȵȡ
ϱǱؽʵһЩעⲢ֡
ǡЩҲɣ⻷أ͵Ĺ⻷أŮԸɱ޴Ĺ⻷ʱȻȫüҶֻ²һ䣺Ůˣ㲻ȥˡ
ȥ룬ȴҪԽ
ڶһУͷ̫һ¿ƽʿ;ȻίһʵȨ
ԱɣٿɲСˣͶڻϾȻôԼҲǴΪԾ͵һƣֻȺҲǶڻһ־ֱͬ⣬һЩԾĶֻ˵ǰ;һٳܽлʵְҲûüд˾
ԱȻֻŵٸ֣ҲܵòˣְȨͬСοٹԱǨְǴķȱŵԱ֮λ֪˶ţ񾹽¿״Ԫȥ
ֻ⻹㣬ʵֺǺǵĵֶ̫ͣ͵ҿȢ檣ֻػȢ檡ҲǳңδȢޣҲ˼С檡
Ȼû뵽ͲûȢޣСҲδɹһ𣺡δȢҲδ檣
ŶȻеԾȴӸˡ뽫Լ㣬ҲǵͣȻǷȢ檣̫࣬ٲûҪ佫Сݵñ֤޹ȥܹദҲȫݵʼҲûôԵҲֹ檣һ޹ȥǼ޵Ѿ߾͵͹ȥҡ
ȢӣǾ鷳һ㣬ȴ޿ɲʲôȥӢżλû꣬ûʲô󹦼˶һЩԺǼѷ
ʱ檣ʡ˲鷳һϲ̾ͽСһּ⡣
ּⲢûʱ˻׿ϣתӺһźŵС̫ӹȻ
ֳֶŽ˻˯ȴһ
ͻ飿
ͱҲе㾫ήңʥּʲôžһаһҲ
նЩسץŮ͹ͷˣ˵һͲûŻҪԺԼСЬˡʱΪ⣬Լ;뵽Ÿ㶨ЩˣջϿڴͻ飬ҪѳԼ
ȥⲻɻϵĽô亹ˣλÿɲôҪӦ£Լ;Ǿͳ˲ܵˡ±˼£㶼ûط㡣
̫ཫһּ꣬µ̨ݵǰˣּ
̳û߰Ĺ˻Ҳֻиգǲ¹ġּ͸ˡ
͵ͷ̧ͷڵҽּ
һȺԾʵҲһ㶣ͼΪͣҲƢ֮ͲҽּʵιʲҽּҿʲôѴ
͵΢һŮӶ£ֻ΢ȳɻ飬򲻸ٽŻף
΢΢һЦʲô±ˣּ⴫£ǼҲΪ㡣
͵ŮȫȻʣֻһˣ
⡭
ȴеѰˣ˼Ůӿȫˣ͵Ȣ˻£ǹǺãⲻǺ
뻹һֶںܶʵ۲Ҫ˼һ
Ѱ䣬ĳкȻһ˳УָͺȵôӣϴͻĶ裬㾹ٰƴǣĪǲϷ˵ֶʩֺõϣΪȲ֮¼ã
Ѱ˼ܳҷͣ˳㻹Ļƨһһĵ⣬첻ԣֻǾţѰ˼ܽͷǹٶȥҲǺ£
ĸߣĻΪôһСͰδұۿһְ˺ǳ˻ȥв͵Цѣĵϣ϶ΪţʱĪҪΪѵĺãǻϲϲ
˼˳ǳͣм˴£Ҫһ˵켣֮̾Ҳ˻ȥٳԡ⼸չȥִѾĴ˹ЩǸеֶΣ͵黹ǲѵġ
οɽɺͻƼկֵôҲûֻҪһ֪ܵǴʱͨѣϢݵ΢˵㣬ʹˡ
ȥôû˳ָˣҰҿﰡǲôǹٰ
һ˶ԼԷǳ֮ЦݣԼżˣҲһֺõ̬Աɸպø𿼺˹˭Ҹɫ
ҲȺǽͷݣ̫ˣ
ҶĻˣϡŹֵĿͷҲѧ˲٣ʱаͣҲѰ˼ִͣⲻԼĴͻʥֻּʥּС̫ȥջ١
֮רţ޺
ƽʱڳᵱˣȴû˸ҳ˸͵Ʒ¸߽࣬ĲɲѡΪ״Ԫǻ桭
ȺͣҲǸˣдȺ˳Ⱥո̤õҲλϤϤ
˶ǰãһչȦӵĴûᣬֻͰһҳʱֻ˰ͷ
߶ðǣҶȴԵֹƤ͵ľȻսʱ򣬲ƵԼλڵӡ
֣ԣǰЩնеҶ֣˵սߵСɵ˹ּǰЩ˻ҶţҶ˹Ҷպã
ʱⲻСƣ֣ȴֻⶫǧ׹Լĸ첲Ҫ̧⼸մִϵ֪Լ˶һ
ϸϸʣ֪ɽֱ֮׷ּɣҶǾӽ֮ǵԼƽ׿ڳޡĸֳޣһһ·һ·ҶĿɴ˲ٻ档
ӽִ֮˽ɢҲ˸Ȼû£Ҳʱˡ
ͽʩŽԽʯּ֣׽ţְֺսһشֺֺرȻֺԼѰ֮ǰһսսȴҲü٣οͨҲƲЩŵ
ɽͣѩҲ˲ֶΣɽɵ⽭
һִᣬȻɽɵһšܵõǾʹɽɵĵλͬˡ
ͬʱӰ˵ĻҶŽƴһֻһ˾̾ҶشֺҪ˾
ħ̸飬һЩĺ֮£ûнӵҶֻǵñδϳһɽɽɣ˼λ֣ɽҶΪ
ҶЩ֮ʱµЩɺԼħ̵Ϣѹȥһû׼֮ǰҪֻһȷѡֻҪһʵҶĵõҲʷᡣ
ô˵ҶĺɽɶǵôѰҪ֣ɲƾһִľޱ־ģҪµĻԼ
ɽȴΪһЩ⣬˲ʹﵽ˱۲ܴﵽĳ̶ȣɽԺķչǴá
˼һ˰ôæӲ΢еƲԼˣҲ㲻ʲô飡֣һţͷϾȻֺգҶҲΪ˼ңЦŽСӽ˹һЩС£ĪҪˣ
ֱʱ֣ԲųһȻǰˮƶҶһ٣¾⾩ְҶҪʲôҪģܿڱǣǱ˾˶ʶ£Ҹ۱Ѱڣ
ҶҲһڸǱˮȻ֣ԿһĿ֣ԸǶȥ
֣Եǲɵ֪ԼЩ飬˼Ҳ£ܹǸԼҶȻԵüϵǽ˶ˡҪٽһҲǼѣɴȥȥæԼ顣
ҶҲµ뷨ûֻǻ˱˻ȥȻ󾲾ŵĻµҲյ̺ԡ
ūӦģ
ҶļԼô˵ֻԼŮҲنȥ˾Եģ㣬㻹Ҫѧô
գգۣ֪Ҷôʲô˼Ըɴ಻
Ҷļֻ˾䣺⾭Ѿ࣬ʱڹҲûʲôˣһ򣿺οɽҲɣλɽϣ书ĻҲĲ㡣
룬ĵĵūСֻʱҲ֪ʲôãүԸūô
ҶİһоƱѧұȽһױɵڹķȻָһЩ˵Եģ
һϣǾڣѾӦ˱Ƚǿڼ䣬ڹ°빦
ϻһᣬκڹԭеĹгͻκι򶼿ѧ
һŴ׵ĴֽҶ׼ȽѧϰȫķָĲˣҲýһԱ֮ӣϽ֣±˭ؼȥ
⹦Ҷǰֻһ⹦ΪΪԵʡ̵ģûúý̳һͽܡǶдҲ˳Ҫѧ赸ԵʣṦõġ
֮⣬¾ȻʲôᡪǻСͻԼʦĿˡ
Ҫϰ䣬ȫôͷʼڹȻл⹦ҶƣҲ֪⻪½εεܷǿͷ
˵ţѩǡ˳ҶĵĹҽ̵ˡ
ҶĵǾν˭̶һǽ̡ȻѾ˽̵⻪ʲôǱؼɽǰٻģһŽֻɽʺϰ㱻һûȥǺʵĺܣ㶯Ǳؼ˼
ûõĶҲˣ
°ͣҶţӹ߯죬ԼٻؼֽһЩҲ֪ܹñʲô
ֻȥԼŽʱ䣬ؼʲôķе󡣳ؼͻȻһǿؼڵ˵ǲ
ָָǬ֮İɣ
߶ţֻͻƵ˻Ҷڴţʵʦô
Ҷһ㶣漴ǰʦôŻ㿴һӲ˶ˣ


180 ̫ƽ
ʵ۴ͻ鲢ûдϾͲûдӦյڳǵʼҲûҽ˵ȥ֪ڵϾܾ˻ʵ۵Ĵͻ顣
ˣɽЩˡ
ŶʵҪѳ㣿æųԶ͵һˮƣŽջʹ﷢飬ҶľԼӹԽԽˡ
Ӧ䣺ţûӦ
Ŷ㿹ּɣҶĵû뵽ԼʦôԣֱӵŻʵ۵治ʥּ
̧ͷֵĵֻǲʥּѣϡɣߴ˵һѾܾʥּˣҶ֪̳ʥּҲʲôȻǰǵһûʵϿɵɡ
ڴͻ£лԼܾʵҲǲǿǵʵԸóͱһͬ͵ӡһҪϣùһŮһλֻ֮ҵνˡ
һùձ̻ɽ״ԪɻʡҲǹȵɽأҸɴҲˡ
˶ѾãٲҪһΣѾܱЧֻ͢ڼרϷˡ
ֻΪ˷ֹǹɺٴθһصҪҶİ֣ȽͷסɺӦȻʹ˷
ʱҪ鷳ʦˣ
鷳֮Ͱˣ
һ͸ԻȥЪϢˣֻȴ֪ҹģȴ˯ž
ʲô˵Ǹ״Ԫɾܾ˻ϵĴͻ飿֮Уĳֵҹһ񺮡
վһԵĹŮΪ⣬ϵ㷴ӦƵأǵģ£״ԪԼлԼֻȳףԲϽӻǴͻʥּ
ֻǴһװŮŭһԱߵСһģֻ飡һλװŮ涣Լͨƣˣ
ǹŮ̾˿ȥ﹫֣Ȼⲻ˹ôҲƲλ״Ԫɣ
ǹȴһĵҲֻ׼ͬȢңܾܽûȥȻˣ
Ů˴֪λƢˣֻһԵͷ˵ƾţߣҵҪǽ͵ʲôʱҾܾʼҴͻ飡ȥͻ·ߣҪԺ˵˵
Ҫ
ô⹫һĵÿγǵ͵УʵҲ֪棬µʲô˵Ϲбأ
ŮһΣֻܵͷӦǣȴĴιвϰٰʮǰ󿪵ͲûٸˡҲ͵Ĵβ֪ˣǹװûƼģ
ǣȥΪʲô
ֻһȻҪܾ˱ǱƲʥּҲǾԲӦµģ
Ϊλ⼸仰ļ죬ڶæǼɹԲãʵ㾰󣬱̫ࣺǽæЩʲô
̫ƺڴ̽˵м˲ƺȥ˵鷳
Ŷ
û뵽»йϵֻƬ̾Լǽ˾Ƣ͵ھܻҲסˣڳ
ԼǽҲûʲôۣҲʲôֵȥɣֳܺʲôԵҪӿһЩ֪£أ
ֻǣǵԼôǻʼˣǧ֮Ǵ˷ܳȥ˵ˣǿɾ鷳ˣһ˻ˡ
Сӣ޽ʸܽ
ʱʸܵҲû˵ֻһ䣺ǽҪȥ棬Ҽǵðż׵ñȫ
ʸһ˹ȹ˼գʴµʱ򣬻ʸֱӴ΢ʹܹйܹ֣ܱ࣬ܵ°ȫ
һԴܹܵһЩϢǱǽָʹܼҺˣ
ʸܵͷǣ
ʸܵͷܼЧ̳ܼұˣܹΪܼ֮ҲǲףҲģûȥѰ˼¡
ֻû뵽һ˲һ뿪ǾͱȵҶһǵȵŮӣ֪̾Ϊζˡ
̧¶һžǲĺӣǾרѵľвһЩ֡
ŮһϮװһƥͷ֮ϣбңңһָȵͳ
ҶãתͷԼʦܵ˽˺ô鷳˾Ǿ˵һָԶԶһƬҶ֣һֻһĳһȺ˻ָĲǰɣ
ȺҲҶ˵ʲôֻǼ˵ȻָָԵĵطֻƲԼŮӸŭºȵͣ˱ǰݼ
һɽתͷ඼һ֮ɫֻҶ֪ЦŶ˵˾䣺ϣһܻ飬λ£˵ǰϵŮӣе죡
Ҳε̾˿Ȼǰ˼Ůңңʩһ񣺡΢Ա̫ͣƽ£
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ĳλ֪ԼʱԵ÷ǳͻ˻֣ˣ
վʵ֪ס΢һˣкηԸ
̫ƽʱԼɲģҪ֪ԼƲĪҪΪԼ˻ʵ۵ʥּ͵⡣
ֻ⻰Լ˵е㲻ʣԱŮʹ˸ɫ˵
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ֻǺǻֱ̫ףΧôˣԲÿڡ
㶵ĵŶԷ˵뵽˰ֻôһ仰ˣ
ǻҲһ㶣գ۾ˣ
ŶӦһ漴ʩ΢ˣȻҪǶȥƹһȺˡ
ǹֲ֪Ǹˣô̲ĻӦһ䣬̲ôʱӦôҪӦðҺİ֮ôôƮƮһˣ
˻һĪ˵ɽһһԴ亹⹫ҲߣȻĿתһԣƸôʵ̫ˡ
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Ͳ˲ⳤӦǻϵĽŶ԰ɣðɣô͸СƵأ
ϴ󳳴ֵûͣɽɵȴһֱŸɺģһƹʱ͵һ޷Ը΢ˣһʩʩȻĴȺ˹ȥɽ΢ĿȺҲ̧ͷ
һ˶˹ȥǳڷйУǻȰعɣҲǲ
ӹͣƲһɤӱϡ棬ǺƲ֮ʱȻ˴ϣۻأֱӽһɤӸѹȥ
ͻȻһɱˣ޲Ĳ̹һŴ̴ȵݣ
漴ָ⼸ʮڵУҴһѩֱ񾲴С
ֻһƣȴоȻǳȺģǳ˸ո߹ȥ͵ˣܹһ뵽ǵ¿״ԪǸԱɣҲбָ֮Χȥˣ
֪û䣬ֻһȺ˻ڿеʱһɫʹһŮмÿһɫһ˴ӿе¡
ܹܼ״󾪣ԾȻȸ֣ȻҲǰǼ𲻸ߣ͵鲢ȻҲҳ²ģǰְλҲҸְ
ȻеģȻҲᱻʸֻΪɢһЩˡ
ʱһȺ˼ͻȻ͵ϮȻţ˳ӦֻŮһƷɼ佣ݺ᲻ϣֻƬ̹һȺ˾˴룬󼸸ҪתܣԾȴֱŮֶһƲӲӵĶֱӴڵء
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ܹ°ͣĪǾλ˶׵ŮӣˣܾʼҴͻ鵹Ҳϡˡ
ô˽ޣҲλиŵʱԱһֻۣȻǣ˫һԶʵλʲôˣ
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ٿҶߣѩּһȺ͵ϮĺˣȻȥЩͭǮʰ˻ȥЩ˵ݡ
ʦھô
Ⱥһͱɱ˹ȥԾΪȡġϧһ̫ϡɣѩ־ͽˡһ©֮㶼ûУҶĵֶãֻһԿš
ǽȺһ飬ûһʶãѩ˵ھ˿ɶˣⲻ˻ЩֶԸң
Ҫ׷ô
Ҷ°ͣ۾ǲںʲô߰ģ˸͵ϮɽɵˣôܶԷʲôݣܵðⳡһԷǸүҲȻжԷù
룺ˣһȺС󣡽ЩɱҲˣǲ֪һ˲٣
ҪǣɽھǴһٲñаˣɵķչǺò׽ɽҲһ
Ժ󣿷Ժ;ҲٺЩʲôˡ
ɽ˽Щʬѹһ飬һͷǹȻ׷Ȼ£ֱܵѩǰòͣǵ˫۶ѩŮӰɣ

ѩȣҲǱλͻȻðһ仰Ĳ֪룬ǻԼһ֪ı顣
ֻǰ͵ǰܹܣܾˣͽ°ɣ
ȻָЩʬһһںãͬʱ֪ͨǱ˾ֵŪʬ˻ȥԸŶ͵ܽЩǺɣȻһ
ǻô˵ܹȴԽ⻰¡ΪϣΪܼ̳ĵλá
Ҫǣܼҵ˶֪ʵɻʲôոҵƤ¸ıɱ¿״ԪԺ󲻾Ҫɱʵıλˣԣ鶨ȻҪֻ֣Ǻ߰ķչȴܹܵ˵ġֻ֪˵ǸһҪùˡ
ˣ֪ǰλߣΧȺʹͬҴӸղܹܵ仰ƶϣ˱Ҳǲ
㳶䣬һͷλ˾ȻסѩźҪʦŮͽɣͽɣ
Ҷһ˿ȼƷԡ


181 ˾ͽ
ɽһ˼ƽǰ·ȴ˸βͣ
̳Ȼ˶ʮɽ˺һ·ǰУλûи߾ӣдϣУ̬Ҳ֪˼һ㡣
Է֮ʱҶҲû££ĳܵƽݲ׵ɣӡУ⽨ĹûɣһûҲ㲻ʲôϡ¡λȻԼܳʹҪһȥƽݣֵĺ˵㡣
λ̫ƽ˶ʮʣµǻȥţµʵΪɽɹЮ˵Ȼ󷢱ɽ
ɱʮɽӿûıߣӪʲôҿ治ת
ͬʱλƵҶģĻҲǰΧѩתϣԽԼӡ
ǵҶˣؼԼԼʦ׽һУֱӵ±ɽɵţղҴ𲻴Ӧ
㣿Ƭ̣ĵлʵµʥּŮΪɽţ㻹ȥİɣ
ҶЦһʵȴҲܲɽУ
㾹ȻҶԻϴ󲻾
⻰ֻֽϿǴΪҶ׶ţⳤƺֺ棬ͣĴҶģֻƵڡ
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ҶĲʲҲ֮˵䣬ʱͳ͢ûǵ
߳ܶû꣬ⲻһ·С֣Ҷһ˱ʮм䣬ǲ÷ȥ鿴Χˡ
ȴһ˶һƲò˵˱ɽҶģ
Աûֻǵ˵ͷһΪŶҪСҶһǿĽ򲻿Сӣʹֽ߱µģ
ã˽кһӻ˻ӣȻȹԼģԽԽҺ氡ˣӺα
˼ǣҪҶĵĹ򣿡˻öסͷϴŶңѰ˸ƲòֻҪΧע˼ֻۣǺһֱﲻûᡣ
ʱ˵˼䣬ҪԼȥδȫָ㲻ˣ
˵վֱȥ˼ȥҲֻҶǱ˼ۡ
ǺۿžҪߵ⣬ҶһֱһĻͻȻ֣ӺͻȻɫ䣬ʦ
ҶһҲ˲úǳ죬̽ĿתǽԼڵʵʵϣֻһƣЦ˼Ȼڴˣкδе˵ȥˣ˵ҲǺηӦָһ̧һָϣűҪȥ
Ǿ䡮ʦ⣡ûȺʼֻɽɵ֮ģ뵽µʦͷ
ȵҶ˵ҲûǱȥ룬ֱҶһ̧֣ߵܹʶãϽͳ嵽ߣȵǸˣûָǽԼʵʵļһⲻӦòκϵĿ꣬ŵһָȴҪͬļһץ˵
ֻһģЦһˣ鷳̬ޱȣǽʮȫȻС
ʱֻǺ˿ڴⲻôɣˣ˵꣬ȻҲҶģתȥ
ҶıҲǴգϽָһӣһƿǿὣֱָȡǺˣ֮ǿᣬԶκһʹĽɽʱʹĽҲԵǿᡣ
ȴΪָϾۼʱʱŻƣȻǿᣬʹȴô㡣дվ˵˵ҶҲʹôǿĽ
ֻ⽣һ֣ΧֻûëһԼԻһ㣬ǳһĪʱҶĳ֣ҲǱһǳ䣬һͷҶһȻԵһֵնϣ̾Ͳ˵ˡ
ҶһȻǿᣬϧ׼ֻһ̧֣̾Ծ˹ȥȻվȺеĻ£ЦҶŶСͽʮϲȻյĴߡҲ֪СͽǷҶŵ⣿ϧ˼ûüһЩȡ˵ļҶſиˣ
ɣ
Ṧף⳰ŪҶģԼһͷҶľȻŽȻ˳Ѹ磬Ҳһڿһӣ˹ȥ
뵽ԼȻ˹ȥȴҶһ֮ƴķѹͷڵòĶңǶֱӶϳ룬ĺɴҲһȥԳò
Ҷһ֮£ȴǵΪȻԼ˹УڽԼһѷ񱦽ȥ
һΪԼԴԴϹԾԶֽͨҪԶĶ࣬ͬʱнţһ˲ܱٶȣмܡҪǣһУҶҲŽ嵽ߣγУȫƾҶ⡣
ȱֱֱֻȥתۣӦ乻Ͷ˹ȥɼҲһЩ
ԼŽ۵ĺӤһ鷢ԼȻ˵ˣһЩѪʱŭҪҶһ¾ȻصòʱͶǵȵ˾ͽƣٲ˾ҪȡСӵ
û䣬ֻéݴɵݶײһ󶴣ǰЦеԾȻڿƮĳľһ㣬ǰ䵽ߣʲôⲻ𣿡
Ҷļһ˸ղ¶Ṧʵ˿ĪԼû
תͷһŷԭɽɽ˶ûֻ֣ȺʼսȻָܹɼˣҲſȻ׾ٵ
һأܹᵶ˳ȵη࣬
˻û𻰣Ҷ´Ƭ̺ͻȻ㻽˾ͽƣô˵ħˣ
ħ̣˾ͽЦЦħ̱ħ̣һֶѣ±ħ
˵תͷ˿ȺſµᵶܹܣΪҶҲǸӢۺܣû뵽Ȼǳ͢ӥȮ
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ҶƲƲ죺ǽѵѵ㣬㶮˵򼴱һƤҲǸȦĳʳûʲô𣡡
㣡˾ͽƱҶһٳɫ̱ѿֻ˼󣬱ָֻ˹ָܹܵλǳ͢ˣҿʲŵָӣǾеĸ֣ɽɻһѵΪɽѾͶ˳͢ô
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ֻҶȴЩɽ˭ߵĽƺҲ͸޹أкʸ˵ģ
˾ͽȴû뵽Ҷشһȴ֪ôӦԣһЦҶŵĹ»δ̣ƤӵĹȻף˵߰ɣҺҶŹбߣ
Ҷĺȵߣôף
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һǿɱУ龹Ȼǣתͷֱˣ˵˾䣺ղ´μٺʣ漴ԾֱûӰ
䶯֮죬ɽ˸ӦȻҪ׷ȥƫ̫ҪţοʦǱ߻˽֣Ҳ֪ҪҪԮ֡
ȴ˵ҶһƻӳȻǰһûӰǽ˾ͽƵȴͻȻǰ棬һԳŨŨѪɫҶŵ̱Ѫζֻ㾰󣬵±ʲôˡ
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ʲһȻȫȻκβҶģ
ȴ֪Ҷ֮ޱǿᣬһеѪħȻҲҶڣת¾͸ΣȻӰ첻ҶġҶĵڣȴΪѪħЩҪһֽš
˰ҶĵˣʹƷһ˾ͽؿȥ˾ͽڵҶľȻٴγɫ䣬ʹѧ鳡
鳱սõһ״ֻǺ˽ɽתΪħ̺󣬱һλȱΪһ·֮ȭ·кӵܿԿ׹
ֻǴ˹֮ͰԵϰѪħ֮˲ԷϣԼĪҪԼ汲ĪҪЩҪںδû书֣ýк˼ǵ⹦սϵĹĪҪ˾ͽµ׳־
˾ͽ˾ͽҵĺˣѪħҲеɾͣȻʹãһǸͰԵľȻҶƾѹ˻ȥЮŷҶա
һȭѪˣѪ֮Ǵ۱ǣҶԶ̱ζǺĲҿڣϾ棬ǲСתһС
Ƭ̹˾ͽһȭѾ嵽ǰһȭ̩ɽѹֻȭͽԳܣ⹦һ㣬˾ͽȻԿʹȴԼһ־޴ĸо
һҶԴͻȻ뵽һ㣬ִ֮Ҳϸϸȥ˼ֻƾо־һ˳ȥ
һƽȻȻͬҶľȻͬһʱͬʱƲͣתڼȴΪͣѡšһѷֱ˴ˡȻʹ
ʲôģͱֱֱȥĽ߱ǿĴ͸ƽʱҶĻҪʹý˾ͽƵ鳱޴ͷƾˣһ޴鶵ͷ£ѰƲУҶļ֮±Ӧ֮һС
飬˿˭ң
һʹֻӲ忪鳵ľֱӺ˾ͽƵȭͷϡ

ֻ˾ͽһҽУһĴ̶ȻָĹͷҶһľˡ
ѪħɾͣѪħĻ㹻ǿᣬһֱӷϵұۡɼˣҲ˾ͽָϵĹͷȫ۳ɺüΣͬʱһǽ΢ƫһ㣬˾ͽƻӳұϻһƬѪֱϵѪɫΪһ塣
Ҷһóѣ־Ҫٲһȡǡ˾ͽ۵ԶͬʱȭбƣԺ̣ǿŴ֮ʱֻҶԾԼǰȻһƮƮԼͷϡ
ƿᣬǷȴޱȸ͵ľһʵƾ£˾ͽƵԴͺˤõһ㣬̱Ҷһбһ䵽ϣֻþЩʹͬʱãȴǽʹ˾ͬʱĹ
ֻת֮£ϵȻָһЩվңң˾ͽѾûϢֻżг鶯ʬĬһԵĻʼǾ岻ѡղŴǱֵļһȭžͽˣȻҪ
λ̫ƽŵŵԼŮʵһŮ


182 ʦּʦ
Ҷ˼ĹڵľѾʹҲϰֻʲһǿҪԼԤĻҪȻ죬ܹҪһЩʱ䡣
ڲӰж˦˦֣ƺ뽫մĶ˦һ㣬ⲻʶķӦʲһȻ˾ͽƵԴ˸ϡãΪƾûմȾϣǾع˴ĸ׵Ļ
ҲһӦյ㾢ͺˣĳʵ̫ˣ
Ǿż鶯һµʬ壬ҶļλӣǶ˽Ҳһ۾Ƴݡ
ϧֽˣżȻųɱʵİ
ȥķһۣҶҲΣṦ̫ǿ죬ֻһգ۾ûӰӣҶȻʱȳܵĻ˭Ҳ壬һʼû˶ԷӰ׷֪Ҳá
ͷ˾ͽƵʬ壬תͷһԼܹܵʬҪ鷳ˣ
ܹŻعæСһ׮ѣҶˣЩɽͬУҲ֪˱Ůʦ֣Ҳδͬʱһɽ˵ţҲҪĺһʦ֡
ֻЩҶıֵĺ⣬˵ҲǺͺ겻ܹвеСҶļֻ֣֮λ˳Ϊ˴Ƚǿ
һ֪һ֮λΪ˴ȷҪ书Ҳܱʦֵǲ͸ղһħ˵Ľ棬ԳʹκһӲҪǰһ֮¾ҪѪ岽ʬˡ
ܹܳԾһȺʼҲ۾壬Ҷĵӡһ˲͵˸ʱҶ˵ҲСͿģǹʱҲǰǰš
˵ǰһǰ㲻᲻ǺްԼѾקһԣ˼ȴҶļǺޣţǲҪ
ͷȷĵӦòɣҶŲС˰
Ȼһ߽˵ȴҶĵĶ䣬˻һҶĺһһ䣺ҺСģؼǳ𣡡
ֻǴʱ˵㻰ƹеĪĹҲͰˣƫƫΧԼһȺӣΪ˱Ϊʦϣǽǻ̻˶
ͬʱʼʲ˾ͽƵһսһսĶ࣬ʤִֺԵһ
ֺȶǴΣֺһѰֻаˡֺǹؼʱ֣ҶҲǻûƳȫǱ
ȴͬ˾ͽһʼͰڿҪȡҶ˹ҲҶڲ֮䣬令徢ҶĵĻǿ࣬ʱ뵽ȭ˳ҲĻԼƾҪһ֮ˡ
Ȼֻ˼УжǾڣһȫԸֻ֮䣬ĵľȴҪ˶ǧлҪࡣ
ںҶܹȡ˾ͽȫ
룬޼ĸֹУһȫһ֮ҪʱһͲҪǻ⣬һнһеʹռˣ
Ҷľռˣһ˾ͽƵȭ֮󣬸˾ͽƿŴ󿪣󾢲õʱȥһƽġ
ֱǽϷУЩҪȴʱļܱţȴСܣӼֱBUGиԼ˶壬ͬʱԽ⣬ֻôƬ̣һѾָ߰˰˵ʵ
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ԼĶλĺܣС̷ȻΪѾߣԺ޸Ҽû顣㲻ңҲǸͨѾߡ
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˵ֵ꣬˵ͷÿ϶ظһ飺ţڼף


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һ˵Ҳһͷۣ뵽Լϵ֪ߴԼٴΣҲʱʱİĳĳҹŮϡ
ҪǣҶʦ˵˵һھʱУҪּҵǧ˵˵ͣôʦܶѱһƥȤ
һǻһʦ˵Ǿ˵Ƣ𱬣ϲԱӳ˵ּǧ𣿡
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ǵüǵãȥǣ
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ܶЦҡҡͷҲǺʹǲ࣬Ƶۣ
Ҷļܶô˵ˣ΢Ҳеʧ㰲ŵսŰɣվñ֪
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ѹֻʱ࣡
ڵҶֵ֧ģοЩӽ˲ٹҲڰɽ׬Ǯ˶ԺŵӾճɣԼҪˣʱŵӾͻΪɽе˿ڣͬʱɽɵҵҲ̤죬ֻҪĽ̵⼸״ӱ㹻ˡ
ԸɭȥտһĿһ˳ȥ˺һʱ䣬ǿջ͵ⶼû鿴ȻҪȶĿͬʱһ֧ͬʱﱸ״ȡ
ҶĻصɽϵʱѾ¡ȻҪʼ׼ڱ䣬ڶһ
ֻһҶĶڴȲʲôϣϾЩӴԭЩӣµˮƽƾ˵һҲǴһЩǺˣĳӵĹͻͽܡ
׵һУҶȥһĽԵĹͽܵһΪֻĩҶĴڸľһҲֵúȥڹϰǡ
ʾһҶĶĽԵıҲ⡣Ͼû书Ҳ㲻ˣֿУһĽԵ鷨ĽԵȷһţԴԽӲʵ鷨ȻдģͬʱپġԼı壬ڻԼҵķ
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ҲѧĲˣԺʲô㣿
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Ҷĵ˵ͷڵ⼸ͽУֻϰ֪ΪʦΪţ
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Ӳ֪룬Լϰ䷽ûʲôʣҲԸôһӡ
Ҷĺ˿ڲ裬Цŵܼ֣ʲҲ޷֪֮ڳ֮Ժ㣡ֻҪһֱȥܻܵõҪõĶ鷨书˵ֵĽԺ;ǱҪŵԶȥİɣ
һᵽĽ԰ͷȻͽܹڵжǰ
ĽԵĲҶĵǲɣͽôãʲô֪Ҳ˵Ľ֮ϣͿǻʵ״Ԫɡ
ȻˣĪҪȥ˺͹ˣҶ°ͣǰԼͽ뵽һһɳķӡ
ĽȴǴΪ⣬Լ鷨СɣԺȥݸǾ֮µģøϺĻԡԼʦȴȲҪȥеͷԡ
ȴҶЦŵ㵱αǲУŶ㣬Ϊ֣˵ĽҲͬʱҶģҰΪʦǽȷľ
ֻҶļȻ³򣬵м֤ӡ½࣬ȥԣ״ԪĲ飬ȴҲ⽫״Ԫ֮ã
Ľһ𿼳ϵԼȥ׼յġӼ
ҶļĽˣЦŵҪӣ࿼Ĺ۸иת
ĽԼԼʦзӣе
ߺߣҶĵЦЦһٸ㣡


185 
ҶĿ˿ԼĲɲĵӣĽԼ뷨˳
ʵҲûʲôϡԼǰЩֶѾӵ˼£Ȼв˶һЩƵĶȴҶ֪꾡
ĽԷµ֮Ҷֱӽֱͦ꣬һֱԪ
⡭ĽԴûпǹ⣬תһ룬Լһ֮ԪĻȷӡϾ˼Ҳû
Ҷȴ࣬ΪĽǰ࿼ԲĳɼȻǱļ֮ͻȻԪоô¿϶һЩ˵ע⣬һԲڵķﵽԪĴӣʲôãⲻ֪öԴʱĽԽһ˵ٲһμѻ˴̣ĽԺ;Ϸչ档
ٳҪôҪôб
ĽȻҲǴ󸻴ֻ˵ǳԴʳǡҪ˵ʲôŴйϵĻҲլڼŶϻأԼƴ
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ʱ϶ȻĽע⣬ԺҪĽԼŬˣ
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ĽѾŹҶȴ⣬ҪμҲҪŵݣҪμһȥֿŹԵòִ٣㵽Ҳ޷
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ŵӲɽſɶ֪ϼϰĹȻҶϰҶĿǽϼΪĻ֣ϰϼǵ񹦵ĴС
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µ飬һɽɽЩ˾˽֪ǰĵԺҲԼˣ˱ֵҲŵֻ֪ŮԺŵŮˡ
ΪǰǶͷϵŮӻΪɵŮֻùҶֶβʵԲ¶ȡ
˵Ѿ߶סԷĸڼ䣬ʱԸģǻһòŮӺҶסһʵѩģǰ;ҶĶô˼סһƶۣҲֲ˭ȥѾͷôְ
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ѩ˰죬ԼҲ֪ôʣһֱӾ͵㺰ûֶԣ
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ǶҶĻʱûƼѩﴫ˵֪棬ҲûкֱӻԼȡһᣬ˵ߣû뵽Ȿؼó
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һҶǰʱٻһؼֻǿ֮󣬷ɽ¾Ȼûһʺϰ
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ŹʹԼŵĶдһ壬η跭תηת裬Ʈ֮Χ佣ָ֮ء;⹦Ƚʺϻ£ǻƮʵӡ̡
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˿˿Ҷĵķ֣Ȿƺе㲻һ
ȥ˼ΣȷһŸĹҲһʵϸھʹá
򵥵˵÷ǵΪ޹ϰҶģҲʹϸʹš
Ҳ˵ҶĿھʹֻʹЧԴŹΪԼ޹óĴ⣬ֲܻԤ֪ı仯Ǳû˱ɫֻǴһͨͨ˺ÿá
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ʱҶȻԼ֪ʶأΰġĹ˼ֻ޵ڣ»ǼоĿһЩ
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ҶĴʱҲ֪Լ˶ãֻڲϢͣתֻе˼²ܱ֤һֱŹȥ
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һֱĺʱ֣ҶֻԽԽ£ֻһŹˣԺʹŹ˽֡
ʱϵѾ͸кˮȴѾĸˣҺҶûнֱˮǿһҪһͣѰͱж
ֻҶѭڲϢҶԴԴϵṩͣҶҲѹԽԽᣬֻھһǶԼĪƴСɫڳͣɫһȥҲһ޶
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΢ЦţͻȻڵƺֱ˼֣ϸϸһ̽ŷԼǱͻƵرһ³çˡ
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ԼŹɣҲ֤ɽĿǰļֶŹֻǲԼһǳɡ
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ֻѩ˹תһָϾͽԳһɫֻȻޱȣƫȴһֺëĸоͨȴһֱʵı֮УĻҲһЩ

ҶһƳѩˣһޱȵĽۣĳ̻ᱻ̺Ľ˺һƲ
ҪѩҪҶǿ˲֪٣ֻǱ仯ȴҶĶࡣڼѩҶĵǷԼֶһֱ仯ʹõʱͻȻתΪͻȻ仯˶ԷӦֻĺʹҪѩ鷳ˡ
һĳһһ˦һԿҲúȤ֪ÿǾȻȴΣգҲ¾ͻץһа档Ҷ΢ȫ㣬һŵ˺һ
ѩΪλôѧҶĹС๦ԵʣС๦ڹʹľϸӿνĿǰɽѧǰеģѩС๦ѧϰȻҪ򵥵Ķࡣ
οལһɣڶǽʹҲһʡȴ任Ĳ裬оͰ鷳ĵطʡˣֻǰķʹһ״ĽԭԴԲȻҶǰ
˵ѩֻǽںϵԼལҶĲŹ
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οԼӦøȥýһܹѹӳװǹ٣ԼҲкһҲֵ֪˼
˵ԼڵǳͻȻ͸ǲģٶȣµ꣬ҲԳ졣
һϵǴ£ǸȣҶļûʲô仯ҲǸ̾ﵹһѵ֮ء
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ҲԺɽɵһ˶ڴӣͬʱ⺮صܣֵ˶֪ɽôһأ
Լɽʵ̫Ҫʵ뽫⺮ô͸ӣǵȵǶ˾޴ٽ˵УʱӵеλҲһ
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תͷȥǳɫȥ֮ǰһ㣬ûʲôԱ仯ԽԽҲԽˡ
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ԼָٵõһؼֻƾЩҶҲԼῨĳһ׶ζԴ
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һһ˵⻰ҶĴʱŷַϾȻһˣ˱ԼƲݣٲһĺɫ۵ĽͷϵΣһ֪ǸŮӡ
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תͷ˿ͣ𰸡ŮǰûһɽȻǺйء
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ͬʱҲΪλصıΪеŹˡλŵҲغǡþһԣǿˡҶλʦܡ
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صӡǲ˵˰գ
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ѧ֪ʶ֮ģǧһ㶼֪Ů֮ĸǵճǽƵϷЩһŲģҪ˵һ￳ǻصǱǿȢźԽԽá
ѹֻر鲻ȻʵµȢѡʵһ󾢵а
ֻЩҲֲȥκϣǽȥͷ۰ɣһðĲˣΧһԣǾɽԽԽʢҲǿӼһڲˣֱԷ
ٷԵʵ̿סҲ֪ǲǹģԷʱǺͻᣬһиˣһذϵķõԵǵһ˶˼ȥơǻԼҲϴڣȻ˵ҪȢҲܵΪվȻǰߵҪҸطȥ
һ뵽ԱŵأرɬЩһһˣȻͨ죬ͼ˵ˣǿӶĶܷ죬ֿѷݹȥһ㣬Ӳ˾Բ˳ִĿĵء
ʦãԲˣ⼦Ϻõ⣡һҶƬ̣Ҳôһֵ֣ѩҲ˴һԵĻ¼Ҳ̿סЦ
ΪпڣڵûкһԣҶôһʲô϶ûˡڹǴ⣬Ȼ͵͵ѩ˵һ䣺ɶɶҶĶȤζʹȻԼ˵СҲ
һٷ꣬ʹȥǵСԺȥסޣԺҲвٷ䣬ҲסһԺ
ԭסǼ䷿ҲҶԺǼ䵹ҲͣʱûԭΪȥ֮;Ͱڿ
ӵʦܽȥȥסɣ
ȴūסһڼˣ
ô˵ͷȥס͹ȥסڶ̫Ҷĵеˣ˵ʵ۵ĻţɲصԼĵϻҪô˵֮˵һ㣬˻һ
ѩʦ˵ˣ
̸˼仰ҶԺһʯֻ裬ѩ˱һ߿ڵҹһ졣
ʦֺԽԽϲˣ̧ͷһֽҹǸ죬ðǹ⡣
ҶĵʲôҪҪǺ˭˵סѩ֣Ħ£ȹЩӣбʦȥߣǲ׳Ĵ󺣣Ҷ뷨ǰֻδ󺣣ǺСʱȥģΪԭ򷴵ûôȥ
æҲɾˣȥĴǸʲôӡ
ѩҶ֣˵ҪԼȥߵĻֻһֻͻȻҶʲ͵͵˵ĻͷһۣȻŵŵ˾䣺ʦ֡ʦӦòô
ҶţȻôһ仹ûӦƬ̲ʶѩ˵ʲôתͷѩѾͷתһԣҿԼֻǶȴ͸ˣһЦˣھͦãţͦã


187 װǹ
ҶĻû뵽ԼʦþȻЩֻð̾һŮˣ
˿ʦõΣЩûô⣬ʱϸϸһǷѩҪȵԼʱֺࡣ
⼸ԵĺˣϹԽС๦֮ЧڵѩŻб仯
°ͣҶػ˺ü飬ƵѩӣֻԶͿԶҶĵĿһ㡣ҶʼָôһͿܰˡ
ڴʱһѩƮƮ£ǡҶѩ֧ϣһ΢ĸоҶĵע˹ȥͼüѩͣ¡
ѩˣ
ѩȻ仰΢һ㶣ʶȻѾƮѩҿͷԽԽ
ƼƮѩѩͻȻЦŵʦȴһˣ
ҶҲһѩͷ̾˿һ죬ҵյˣ
ѩһ㣬ʦɽ±Ӥ£ͨվйȥʱһ˶죬ûǾһѣƶũ˺ӣֱӶǴк˼ҼȥҲ㸣ԵǶǱҲ
ʱɽɵפؾɽ£˵ʦӤ²̱ᱧȥֻǼмʱѾ߱ȥûܾȵĻġҶĺѩȽϺãűûþͱʰסһ
Զ˵ʵ㲻ʲôõļ䣬ÿιձһδǱ˶ġ
ȴвͬѩѩҶȴǸҶģ¿ڵҹգȴԵ飬ͬʱֻŵǽСַ˳ƾΰҲǲζȴڷϣʦÿǵһˡ
ʦ˵ȥݶǰɣϧûüڣѩ˵ʱˣʦҲЪϢˡ
ȻִҶĵĴг˳һ̵ûӰӣ
Ҷ̧ͷһԭǻ´ԼĴ̽һˣ뱻ѩţֱ֮ˡ
ѩԼ䣬Ҷֻ׼ȥ˯ʱԼ˳ѾĲˮ𣬲ҶҶĵүĴ̶Ѿ̺ˣҪūźŸô
⻰һѩﴫһ䣺£֣
ǣˣһҲûӰӣֻҶһˣػûü
ȥʦõķӦҲ߯˰ɣ븯һأ
ҡҡͷתԼҷ䣬źͻȻǱ߹Ҳ֣һ˷Ҳܵˡ
Ϸ˻ǸΪȻֱӽع׷ɽյĸߵĻҲе飡ϤˣҲ˿ڽظߣҲڽһ书ŮӲϣֻץأýعԾȥ
صԼҶĴӻȡǸûԼʱһϣֻӽϳǹЩõԼֱӳˣǹӵЧȻҪȸղժĲ˺ö࣬ʱժ͵óԣŵԽЧԽ
Լվ͵øͣȻЩЧǿʱԵ˷ˡ
ڶգҶҵͽЩһһ˵ˣҲʹ죬Ͱǹڱ˶ӡ
Ҷϣǰ͵ķסʱѹӳˣеʺͶأЩֻຮ͹оһֳɫͬʱȦڣӡûҰһȥֱǱ֮ࡣ
ǡóһҲɽϣץҪƣϴҲһͺҶ˶˵ⲻǳĳֹӺֵ֢״ѾڹסҪд£ֻҪɻָ糣칫ǷβͻȻء
ϣλдУװĻͷӻмֶεģҲЩ
һͺҶȵĲ˵
ûʹңһ˫һɣӶһһ̣Ҳܹң
ϸһ룬µȷֲñˣֻԹ̫ż˼ǵĲȫȻææͰҪŪˡ
ҲѾˣױѾãסϷ㣬ǰһܿ죬칫ӲͻȻԵڴԶϢ㴫˳ȥ
ɽЩޱȵ֣ҵ˸½û꣬ͬʱΧյĴҲ˾ץ˹øԼλ³״ԪƲ
κһü٣зβΧĴ˶֪һ֮¸вٴð麹ǵԱɴˣƲԼˣ
һӣʵûʲôգƲûûʲô˵κȴβǲ鷳ôǸ֮࣬һӦ䣬һ޹޹ͨӣ𶼲վˡ
һ㣬һҶЩͬкǱӣˣϷҲݲȥˡ
үЩеƣ˵Ϊһ󲡣үҲ㵹£гһȥԼơ
һһҴլԺͼү鷿̵ĺŲˮأƼˣкһ
үӹǡ
үһһͷӹӲĺܣô׵£СӣȻװǹ٣ͷҺúŪô
һһ֪үƳԼС滨Ͳ֮ȻϣүȴһҲû¶棬Ϊ˱ⱻ˻ɣɴҲƲˡ
Ѱ˼ϷҲ˽ֻλ̫̫Ҳû㵣֮ɫԳһкСյѰ˼Щ߰ģ˳ҲǸ£ʹ˴ǹ£
үֻǺһȴûӻ
ԼӵȻ˽ЩͰݽɽ֮Ȼ統ǰĸȴãϳȥȴø׽˼֡
˽Լӵʵ뷨֮үͲǿһҪ;οڷԼСƢʲô֮үҲʺڳ棬̷ˮУҲ
ܳûǹ٣ҲǺ¡Ѿ״ԪǺҫ˼үҲ֮ԺҲͲٶӸˡ
һҴֻƬҲ˽ҲǺͶ˼䣬ȥ
ֻ֮ǰϷץסһعǲɽ棿
һһɽҲһӣ⼸æ£صҲ棬òԼ鶼Ϊ׵Ѿͷӡ㲻
ʱϷλ̫̫ԼСڶϱֻǿӣƺ⣬ץŻز֣ҲΡ
аһ䣺Ҫ˶þͱˣȴЦŵڵģ
̫̫ʣعɷȥչͶ
عﵹˣֻƴǲܣعһù
һһⷬ飬̫̫Ҳ֣̾˾䣺Ҳ֪СʲôʱԸף룡
˵һֻεЦЦȻӦܻɽź칫ӾȻҰôò¡
߶ĳ˴ʱ͵ķһ磬ȻִһȡһӰ
ڴϵλʱȴȫȻûв˵ԾͣԵĶһ߳ԻһߵװܣԲ
ΪװÿҲֻܺȼϡ࣬³ԵĶ˻ɣȫҶÿ̽ʱЩԵģŲڶ˶ӡ
Ҷİһۣӣҵģֵ˭˵ʵôˣǹٿˣ
ͽһڲ׷ŵ̫үˣֺͼƹĴ̸һ󣬹⹫ѾȥȻݸ˿ܻ˹֤һ£Ȼûˣ
ô鷳Ҷ㣬Ѱ˼ݸҪ˹˵ð֮ãʱͻܽǺһֱ̬Ŵ֮⣬ԼٲҲҪＸæ
Ҳ̾˿һ뵽ҪµĶ
Ҷȴһ㲻ͬ˭ڵϿôã״Ԫ֮λ״ԪǹôףҪǾ޶ģֱӡ˻νҲ֪㡣ƫƫΪɽɵӣĺûطܡҪǹȻ鷳Ľͷ˼һֱܾ
룬תԴع׼ô죿
ң
İɣûˣ
عƹˣѾߴԹңһ˵Ѿүȥţ˵СܵίҹؼѾߵţȻ˽ӻؼȥϾؼҵλŰͰ͵
˵ͻһָԼοģʱؼҸԸ⽫Ů޸ⲡˣعѿɲʲô£øļҲˣ˸˷ͷ⡣
ҶôЩ
ͺٺЦؼСѾ߿ɲ֪ʦôĹһž޼ɵ˵˺ö໰ֻأ
ȻûϼգؾյؼţмؼҵļҶԼСȥصѾ߿Լ˵Եúǿģһھ˵˾䣺С߰ɣ
غǳ䣬Ȼ˵˵һߣʧȥ˼ҵ𡣡
ʱҶĲֻڹԽԽԽغѾ˵ʱҲû뵽ôԶ˵ҲҲûʲôΡ
ҶվؿеԼǰԼʩһаһ䣺ȴҹ㣬ͻݲ֪Ƕѡֻϧ氮ֵļһ
ȵվֱӣҶĲŵعʲôҪ˵ô
ҶЩյдֻǼʹٻò飬ҶŻ𣡡˵ϸᣬʧԴҷ緶
Ҷĵ˵ͷǷҪʦٵһ𣿡
Ҷͣüͷ΢ɲһ£Ҷ񣬼Щյ̬عҲǴΪˬֻûбֳˡ
ʱ˵ԳֲˣȻ칫ƲСŮӣֺαټ
⼸仰Գһζ˼ֲҶһ֪ȻᣬǴҳмûְЩƶֻźͻشս
Ȼ˲ҲãҶԽһ͵ɽţȻĿһ˽ʧֻ̾˾䣺ңȴͨ칫ӣ
ȵûӰӣ;Ȼ֪ð˳ô
ҶĻͷһӣΪؼԲϷˣҪ֪ҪƭˣҪƭԼˣ㻹Ҫװװûķԣ
ЦʦĪЦˣ
ȴҶɫЦϾ۾֮Ūɫƺֲ࣬һҪ㰾ĸ嵭һЩģ˵껹ֹһ䣺ʡף
˻һЩڵϣҶ˵ʲô˵ĻṦֱܵûӰӡ


188 һȥ
ӹĺܿ죬װǹٵ˳ݸһ⸱ݣûʾֱˡ
ҽϸȷԼĲ²⣬λ̨ɽһû̱ɽȥ
ԼԼҶĻһ䣺Ϊֺһ¿״Ԫ뵽ȻǸ첡ϣĪҪ첡Ⱦҡ
ĻΪԶˣ˵ͲҲû壬ֻ⼸ͽҶ֪ڹٳϵ·ߵͷˡ
Щ˾뿪ɽλɽɱ߼֮һ̴ӴȻ𹦽Ѿס˵ĺһ֣ɫ֮ͺת˲١
ҶĻʱͿ˹ҲûֹʱɽϣЩȽ׽˶֪һװˡֻǵ֪ͬˡָԼ˸ӣһ䣺Ժûˮˡ
ѩǴҶյĵɵĵ̬ƲģҲǲֻ࣬˵ݵĺܵλҶľͲࡣ
͵Ĺͬһͻᱻ֮±ͲšҪ˵ѩΪûϰ𹦻ţ֪ܲοϰ˻ΨҶ𹦵ʱҲûٸܹǴԸӲţֻ˼֪Ҫʴǹ١
ڶû˸ߣҲе㻳ɣǱȽϴļ֪û˵ˡ
ҲΨһԼʦȷȾزľֻһˣʱʱԼʦ͵㶫ȥͶͷԵļһĹ۲٣֪Ѿõ˴޼Ŀھʱʱָ䣬ҲܽЩ·
ȵһ֮󣬲͢ĻظѾˣɽһһȵĴҲһδȣȻҶϣûʲôرɫĵӣԻͷҲֻǵҶĴһ׻ط㽣ʲô̶ȣǾͿԼˣҲŵӺ״Ĳ
Щæ꣬ѩҶĵҲȺȥҲûֻ׽һԶٱ㷹Ҳǹȥˡ
һ죬ƽƽ߹һɽɼûʲô飬ҶҲʵʵĴɽʱʱѩɽĴߣ죬̽ͽ˳ʱʱһ¡
ĽԻĸù®ɽԡϧΪɽûٲȱһʵء
ȻЩֻϾʱĶ㣬ͼֺҲˣְҲᶣһЩģĪҪ棬ͽ̷ܸ޶ûطȥ
ǱϼѾżһ˿ϼҶҲǳԾͽ츳ǲףֻҪꡣԺҲ¡
ֳһ㣬ŮӼұͷ磬Ѿ˴ģҲ˲٣ٹһ߾ͻᶨ͡
ƽĵѾʼߵ׶Σ鵶Ѫ廢ŵȻɽеལڻɵзԱԭҪǿᣬƽԺܴﵽʲô̶ҶҲЩ
ĽɻϰȫķǹѾʼǴ޼żС˼ҲڹʵѡŽ׶κܶȻ˵Ͳ⡪ϰʱûʶЩֱ
иԵĸԵ
ӸͲҪԼָҶҲ͸пһ
ԼõԽӦ֣ͬʱµ飬ΪеĶ󣨲ҺѩΪʦһ־Ҫʵһ
ԼɫҪԭûȵĿ˶־ԣҶͺһһƵࡣԼĵСİԵ
ֻĺҪ㣬ΪѰз˲ͣĶƴһԼҲҪ
ͬʱԼ仯ҲȽϷ̺ľҲ΢Щı䣬ȻԭǿԵȴҲò١
ȤǣЩһλͬ뻢ɽɵЩ飬˺ҶľΡҶĳһͷٻѨϣתԶ룬ȵһԽԽС󳹵ʧ֮˵Ѿ߰˰ˣֻҪеɻָˡ
ȥۣǳ־ûָģ
ҶıһЧһԻţܳ¡ԼˣԾˡ
ʥʥشͨͨǸƣŵһʲô״̬ʧ
аԵ⣬ͬʱ΢ЦŽ˵ĵлʵΣ
ʵûдʲôֻǰ˵е㽻飬ҶԼҲеݣˣԼӣƫΪֻýѰҶġ
ɽѾִϵ飬ʦҲǻڲһʱϴ󣬵µĹϵԶ統ҶĶЩ飬ɽҲɽɵ鷳Ժɽɴ򽻵ʱһˡ
ɽ֮󣬻ɽɵĵӻֻͻȻðھ˹ʺˣȴ֪Ҷִϴͷ书ȻοҶĻְսһʤ¿ûΪԼǰʵ
ֻҲˣǡѰæԼԶҲһ䣬ĨӲŻдŸˣȥѰҶģ绹治ûдš
Щ飬жٶ޵ἰҶҲ֪ϵе治˵ξ뵽ͷҲǻˣʦֵ뷨Ҳ㲻ʲô뻢ɽɲûʲôĶɽ顣
̸˳дһţظ硣֮⣬һǸɽţݵҲûʲôϡ棬ǱûûԹǰٻе㽻飬ְҸӪƽָ֧
ĻҲǲԲȴҲûʲôʢ˵˼ҶԼ㽫ŷõݸˡ
˸ոҶľȻƳ٣οӷô£ֱӾ͵ͷӦԼϼʵһȥɽĻȫڶȦӡ
ͬʱҶҲûϵԼĳһκˣΪһȦ˳ȥְɽɺԼ˵
һҲּɽȬ
壬ˣҲУ㽭ϳĴֶһСҲô
Ҷ֮
⻰ڽһӼƽת˺ü飬м˺Ƥȥɽ֮ԡ
ʵ⼸Ҳʲô£ҶȻˣȥȴƽ֮ܶµǰҲǰɽɵڶӴһЩš
ΪЩ˵ҶĶһ棬ЩʱʢҶ书θǿڶ཭ʿֻԼʵѵã޵ĻȻ͸ˡƽҲΪֻҪ˳ɽ֮Խǿʢ
֮ɽϵĿҲһЩֻ·ҪɽһҶҲ䷳ͶһһһЩ飬ֻɽʱ̫̣˸ֻˣĵ׶ٻе㻳ɣмӣҶ¶¶Ҳùһɽɵ
ͬʱյ˼棬Ҳǰɽ̵һž޴ĹϵഫͳɱΪӴĹϵڽģ׽ţڶݺ޼ɣֻΪ꾭ӪĹϵһֱȹ̲л£Ҳһҹɢ
æһգصԼԺвһ£¾ҶĲ˲ͷϵĺүۻأ
ദľˣµӽָֻ˹ҲƵǰнҲҶģҲֻǻ£ǰؾصģֱѾ߻ʵһʲôɣܱȻ첹ָܰʮһǿ
С黹ǺܺʵģôһŮȥʵĽммλƽ·ɽɽݷõʱµʱӶģǻ˵ԼҶŵŮʱ⼸λı飬Ҷÿ𶼻Ц
ԼͷϵĺˮҴһ磬ҶֻԼҪģ㱼һÿæڹصｿ檻źҸĴ
ֻһۣǡѩǿҪ˫۾ͽʵ
ʦû˰
ѩ̲һȻԼط任·ȥˣ¼ҶεӣЦЦһūȥź˸ˣҲûӰӡ
檵Ŀ꣬ô״ɰ
̾ţֻһɫ˽ЦĶҶĵʦ֣ˣ
ƼǶҶҲ˼ϲͬʱԼʦ֪ܲô£ΪλӵʣѧŹ򻹲ֵ뵽˼ʼûɣղŽ۳ɹ
ЧΣܹˣҶҲͷųǲʲô֮
ֻҡҡͷʦ㵱Ч࣬һУֻ֮ѵʹ
Ҷ룬ֻڹ··ͣʹӽԭЧ
Ҳô£ԼȻûʲôر֮еƣֻǺܿͽ׵һԣֳˣʦ㿴
ҶĻûüȥʿʲôͼͳ˼£߰˶ԳҶ߷֮Уżֽеķ
ýʩչҶΪŹôˣʦ뽫ŹںϵУѹֺķôʱա
һһģҲ߰˶ɫӦֶ߰˶ÿ䶼ϲֻͬЩɫײҶĵ֮󣬻˲ɫһɢڰգͻȻһתȻԴǶǰ˺һ󣬵ȴԽԽʧȴּǰУֻ˺ҲʧڿС
߰˶вͬԳҶĹο͸ͣһ䴿ѹˣֱӽƬֱͶȥƵͺὣмܣǽбĶͣһ
ʦֵĹƺ־ˣ
ҶЦЦЩʱȻԼյĥ÷ھʹοƽͣ۸ľʹ仯ӦҪ񼸷֣ȷǿһЩ
ʦٿУ
ֻҶĻ䣬βȻһ󱡱Χһɢͺһһͳʱ䱸ԽԽԼĪɷԲҲУǱԼϻʱȴûκ˺е֡
ʲô
һھ;òԣֻоԼȫ¶ʲôһٱ̧㶼ҪϼȻԣɱʱֻһϸ΢ˡ
оֱסĸо׹һʲôˣޣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷͬʱջ˹̾ϧֻǲž߳ΣܹõάסǴɣ


189 ɽɵ
Ҷ˹ϵĸֱŤо漴ʧҶĶ£̾ʦȥִ֮˼ȴԽԽˣ
Ẓ́ҲֻΪûʲôȤûȥ޵ӣȫŵһҶôһģ͵ڽԭ۵߸һ£ΪģԴԴϵķųӶӰΧˡֽ׶Ҷ⹦ƺֵҡ
ҶΪҲһյȲ裬ЦŵϧԲ֮˹ʵԳܣǻ˭ܽ
ʱǰҰ뾶һɷΧڶ֣ΧҪܵ⣬ʮ෢ӳ˷ңҶǿ˻ãƾеĶ֣һӰ졭
οҶǻҲô죬ʱβֻҪͻᱻǽӰȥ٣ĥ⽣Ӻζ˭ָ׳嵽ǰ
Զˣܷӳ
ѽѽϸһ룬书·ԽԽ޳ˣ
ԼգҶķԼǰԼޱȰȫȻԶýˣִõϣҲǶһˡ
šԣǾŽɺҲ·ִõԲ֣ƾɵľѧתԲϡ
Źһֻ֣ûϸ˵ΪһҲûҶռǲͣתԲ֣Ʋ湦ˡ
ֻӱһżǿĻټϾŽʹŰѷɽĹ򣬵йأοŽջ¶һ³ǿṦһͲӰӵľʵ̫ˡ
һصˡǰЩӣүڵ֪ԼСӾܾ˻ʵ۵Ĵͻ飬лԼ֮ϷˣҲһ֪˽ͺؼȥϸһ顣
˵Ǹɽ˳үȻû˵ʲôɫҲѿĿԡϷҲܾǻʼҴͻ鵹ûʲôʼҵٲκҲǶԵġֻƹ
үİ壬ȼ˵ǰرʹؼȥ˼Ҷ⼸ææȥȥˡ
ֻ̾һûʲô
ӣǶã⼸ղӰҲ֪ǲʲôԺԼʦӦû֪Ρ
һԵģ֪ȻҲǲףŹȽܳ־ʹáζͨҲԴԴֻһҪһʱ
Ҷĵûգ֮죬ĿǰûбǿĹŹǿʩչ
ѩǱ˵ལûաѩ岻ֱӾ͸֣ɫལˡ
ǽལѾͷûãյľû꣬Ҫ°ıȴֶôֻһԸվŲڡ
ôһʱҲиҶҲȥκϣǹ鵽ѩ£ȡáȤζĸ˸⣬ǽ֮ʱö֮ʱͿ԰ŹС衷ˡ
ôκѩһϲͨνнųϴö֮ҲǺͷһֱ죬ǻİɣ
νģһƿ֮ҲǲСֶ͵Ϯ֮ʱǽԲ֮ҲˡȻ֪ԼһЩѩյڸûûˣ˲ϳԣ뽫ԼͣӴΪɽһ׳͵ľѧ
ͬʱµĹҲָĲˣҶı뽫ֱӽ£׹ģǷҪģɽɻС๦Լ˻ΨҶ׹ϰ
ЩﱻԼٻһħɵĹֱΪģϻڿʼĽ
ħŲ̸ֽ˻£ҶĲûϸϸĶֻԼ̵Ҷֻǰջµ뵽ŹȻ뵽ȴ֪ʲôܲɻҪԼŬ
Ҳ⣬ֻǾҶľȻΪһŹֻ̾ҲĻϲֻҶĶӲŻ㣬˷ֱ֮Ҷһڣһˡ
ôֻ
ԼգҶĴΪΪʦòڵʱŹ򴫸£ôҲܻǻ뵽ôƮƮľͰˡ
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ڻµԽŵĿɽסôһʱ֮ҶѾȷԼ뷨ŮҵģϾ֮൹Ҳⲻڿͷռռ⻪µıˡ
ȥգ۶µħѾţٶȵ㲻϶죬Ҷĵϰħ֮󣬻ԽޣϰԵʣ·ܻƮƣƮƮɵŮһ㡣
ѩǳʹ죬Ū˺ü컻ŴҶĺúõıһ۸ΨһƵı⹦򲻳ɣʼղ֡
ʧߣ
ӾڵϷ¡ʦáʦ٩ɽͬʱ̵ǹȥˣͬʱɽӣϹҵˣһڱ¼λϹģϹԴɽǸͬʱϣɽܹѾͷ̵
Ϲ֮ǰͱʰһ٣ʱɫôÿȦҲеףûٿޡ
ҶƼ֪ѾͷҪݽɽɣֻҵǰʦ鱾Ͳô򵥣յĻ鷳Ǹ࣬Ȩһ潻Ҳˡ
οɽɵӱϡ٣ŵӸٵĿֻҶһϵЩУѩͶûкúͽܣϹİݽѩ£ϹҲǽһ޵ͬˡ
ȮӻͶʮ꣬Ҷһǽ
ҶʱûعֻǾöһ࣬һ٣СתͣҲǸޣҲٸõӣɭϾһ㣬򲻵һͽСӹ鵽ºˣ
Ͷ͸Ż龢ҲΪϲ̾ͽܣֱʱҶĲŻع񣺡ͶϹңϹͣ
תͷٿͲ֪յĵ˵ЩʲôֻǿǱǶԼոõΪ⡣
ϹҲǼΪ⣬ɽ˵书һ򲻻ôòŵɽ
ɽҶĹߣһִᣬȭƹҲǲף񣬱ǰʦѡ񣬵Ϲȴô롣
ȣһĵӱģΪϹҵĺŵӣǲԳͷɽɲὫ֮λҵӣʵҵӣΪڼ̫ǣ
ĻҶ£ͺѧĹϹȻǱѧϰɽɸѧͷ˭ҲϣԼĺֻѧһЩǳ
οҶѾ˼ӣִϾͼĸ׼ɽϻżһĻ̵ҪټϹҵݡһɡ
ϹΪܰݵҶʦûʦΪʦã˹ȻҶԲҲǸɫͬʱƺûռӣִϾֻʹһ̣ѩһͽܶûС
һ˽ˣͺôҲȥ¿״ԪɣĲҲǲԼܰݵһȫ֮ΪʦɲҲָտɴȻܵ״ԪĲɺչǺ¡
Ϊ㿼Ϊ⣬ҲΪεĽˣȴ֪ҶҲã֮ⲻ˶ຮһ
ҲֻаѩΪʦϹһɥѰ˼ԼԺûӹˣȻǸԼйڵŮΪʦȴԼˣֻѩ϶ǧټƵһΪʦͽݣûзĻᡣ
Һÿ
зһźϹҵԽܿʼɽϵϹһѰʦȻһ·Ϲ󱲰ݽɽ֮£͵ɽһ
ϹҵӰݽκһƶΪ棬ǰɽɾ˴ˣ˶̾ɽôˣͷû˰һ뵽ҶڴǿƱ֣Ҳû˸Ҷ򣬸Լ鷳
Ϲܰʦķ粨ͻȻӰȴִֹܹӵΪӣҲǼӵ֤ɽɿ˽һɵУɽƶһЩ־ϰ˵ҲĴˡ
һʱƽҪɽɵﲻҶһοеżˣǶԵĿУϣֻҪԲ⣬̾ǲϸ³ûаתء
ǱţԼĴץϣ˼ŵˣʵ̬Ҫڵģܶյľɽﴦʦ飬ŵȻɽһɽϵĵȴӽˣڻš
ҶţɽȴԽǿʢ˰
ֿˣǰŵЦеļһҶҲ̾һ޳ȥ껹ƶԷһ쳶
ŭЦеĺ˿ڲ裺ò裡ȻֵǿҶŽһɾӪģͲڹɿʦڰ֮ҲʦͬУʵϣҶĿɱȿʦҪĶˣֻ˵ʱܵöЩȱǱʾһ𾴣ֻԲУԳ
ҶǫһŭĴ֪ŭصԽ֮󣬷һڼҶۻǼ檶˸룬ҽǷڼеĲﶼ˸ࡣ
ֻǸɵСڼеŽ˵һ顣֪һлִϵǵĻ
ԭְִϵ鴫ԽݹŭкһȺֽ̻ţְֻһ꣬ҸҲ㵽ͷˣְֱܵѰû³
ʲô޶飿ЩŮӼ˹ŭǵݻְ䣬ŭҲûãʴʱܾɵˣ
ϹŭΪһЩ·ϵʱգصкֻ㾰󡪡ֵǮ±ø⣬ֻһС檺ͼѾڼ˾Ӱ
ͬʱС檽Щյȷвٽҹŭ鷳ֻһ㾰Ҳֱתͷȥˡֱһɢӵࡣ
ԼתһȦŭȴ̾˿СƴסһҲƱ϶·ҲСΪβǮȥֻһ䣺үԼôãүȥȻãȴҲ֪˶Լ檺ã檱㲻ܸĵ
ŭˣֻܸ̾һǼӻһ¥С檣ʲô
·ϾͽСΪͬʱԼƽ£ȡ˳ֱƽݶ
ΪôãԲôƽݣ󰲶һƱҲ˷˲ʱ䣬ֱʱŵÿݷҶġ
֪׼İ٣Ҫسլӣ
ŭʱ˸СԺȴס׼ҶɽҸطլԺҶھӣҶŲɣ
Ҷһһ⣬ЦŵȻ⣬ǡʶüղĹýܸ֡
ŭȴżһȥǵǲ֮أȰѵõ˵Ѱ˼һأȴҶһ䣺ɽΧĵضɽɵģ޽լԺǡ
˻һŭҲ˺һŻعɽɵģ


190 
꣬һܳʱ䣬Ҫʱ򣬻ᷢʱ䲻ǵָŰˡ
Ҷվɽɽϣɽϻֻûˬֻ̩ͨһ뵽һʼ޷忪鲻Ͳ˼֡
һᡭʦҲŶʮˣ
յϵԼڲʮ;ʹﵽԲľ磬ҲһˣοɽԽǿʢǳȥҲԼͷһʦͷθͿԴϡ
ʦ
ΪԼԿ֮ڽԲ磬ķչܲǰ㣬һؿҶҲ֪ĲԣʼղҪ죬Ҫû澢ǿгҲǲܡ
Ҳǰ׹ġΪһֱƾĹһҪͬȼĸϡ࣬ʱ䣬Ҷĳ˴ͨ˼֮⣬ҲԽˡ
Ҳ˵ʱĽӽԲĸ֣ǰȻͨ˰أʵսҪһЩġ
Ӧֵõ飬뵽еñʧΪ˻ǿսԼڻŹأεεʦúޱȿɿڵĻ¾ǰϧȴֻܳԡ
ҶĻָƾǳһƵԲ뵽ǸƹӳԽԽļǾþòϵһֻһѣ滹µļĽʵʵһص˼û
ǳѾԳɫͬʱ΢΢ɢ֮УҶлǹӳ죬ѰӶܣɴ˿Ȼŵر֮ȴҲ˭˶ܵ˵ġ
֮д󶾣ҷòҲǶҩҶ뵽һ㣬Ƕмɵ˼֣ԻǹˣԼΪѾҪҪȥⶫˡ
⣬⼸Ҳ飬һҾȻţ¼ʮһҹ֮䱻ɱңǸӵľ¥û⣬ÿӹ˹ȥͬʱԼıܳ˾ǣֻƽ֮ʱѾˣԼ͵ĳңһ䣺ȫұ𣡡һغ
ʱʮңͱܵƽݣҪ׷ɽĺֱӾͱػɽŵڶ߽ˣǽŻɽ󷨿šͬʱҲּ֪¼ʮڵħˡܱ̳ƶȣµоȻܣһӦں鱨ȴɱҲ˵ʿ¶ȥ
һڿҿңյ֮°ŵ׵鵽ħ֮ܶڣħ˴ΪɵΣʱﰲ֣ձ书һۣĸ󻼡
ңȫȫ⵽ǣֻΪּݹϵ˳ˣҺõʱħ̹ĸֲǶǼŽƽ֮ңл˹ȥһ·˳ƽ֮Ǳ˾߻ʹǱ̣κ⼸иֿأǻȹȥͻᱻֻ֣ĵطܡ
һҲ͢ŭʵŭ仹ԼƤӵ·ܣڸ־ɳ׷ɱЩΪͬʱһڹҲ˳ȥȥŸԼڣ価ħǡħ̳֮ڣҲ͸ʦԼһˡ
֮⣬ֱѹħ̲κ鱨ʾħ̲̳ںµϣͬʱھݸ˽˵ЩѾΪҪֻýħ̽˶Ըȥˡ
ɫ㲣һҲãԼҶֱӽңУΪҶµӡ
ȥңĹĿ죬ҪٶĴؿ£˹ȥȻɻеԲԲģҲǿصı׼ΧˡֻΪŲһյŸʵѰԽӽΪɽ֮һ
֮⣬ҲѾˣǳһεεĴҲһɽ˶Σ崳һЩǵһеٮٮߡȻҲĽһЩҪɽɽ׵ˣֻҶʹѾͷ˼֮һԡ仹̫СƵˡ
ͽƽڽѾ˲ͷ¶ɽ߶Ǻɽϼã⵶˫ͷǱʦֺʦ㻹Ҫһ޼ƾͺȪİҲ죬Ҫٽһȴ֪¡
ɭҪܶ࣬һΪǸؿǰͲ书Ҳ͸רĵĴɽɵٲȻɽɵĴܼңһڲҵÿλɭӪ
˶һϢԽĲһˡҶҲֻż˵һĪҪˡ
ͬʱҶӹȻҲ޼˲׾磬ʱܿżҶĴΪԾԼ϶õĽʮƵĲƷ̸֮һսѾԱЩտĸˡ
ֻƵǽʮԼֻõʮƣÿٻƣһҲǲֻתһʱܹʮٻε˽ƵƷҲ̫˥
Լֵõһ·г彣ָɱ˵ĹҶҲǿһЩ·ɫ仯ҲͰˣԽ֮ûʲô
֮⣬Ӱ˵ĵȭʯǳһѶɫ®ɽ֮һ㣬һûǹˣЩϵһԼοһĳЩãȴǲС
ѩյǸͽϹģڽ̵֮󣬲֪ôľȻƽۡտʼʱǿƽ˲˳۵ģȴƽȥģ﻽ȥҲǲϹһ䣺ͳȥĹóȥˮ
书ѧѩС๦ֻϰ䣬С๦䵽ʵе㱩ĸоѩҲŭ䲻ѵ˶εҲá
ʵϹʲףκСȻԸı䵫ⲻϲŬѾиĹۣѩҲȥˡƽţҲڳʲô顣
ҶĶƽϹ˵鱧ּɵ̬ȣ˵ʲôˮѩֺֺЦ
Цʲôʦ㲻ҲûʦԼ˸ˣ
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ĵЦ֮ѩҲӦˣԽҲͲǰɬżᷴ䣬Լʦְ죬Ҳĵζ
ѩΪνǽ٣澭ûдͨ⵹ҲѾɶļҪ˶þͻơ
ͬʱѩɣ¸ԼǰùһЩ飬˵ǽ𶯾ͿԷöֻҪϸƱԡ
Ҷ뵽öнҶã㲻˵ҲҪõ˷ˣ˼飬˳Σͬʱѩƾ辫ϸĲٿر֤Ӱˡ
֣աһغ
һλ˵ڳͷ󺹣ѩǴΪʦ˵ʲôʫʫʲʵģ
֪ʦǶȤζʹȻںˣҲû̫ᣬķβȬΪ泩뵽ڲյĿԣֻˬҲ
Ǵ𹦣һʱ˷²иһ㣬ΪȻԼʦ㳬ˣȻҲǻδͨȴѩǱһֻ忪һ
Ҳ⣬ֻÿյɽϹӣʱʱͻ˵˵̻̽һЩʫʸ踳ⷽ츳ãȴƫƫҪѧҲ£ԼڶϱպһҲǿġ
ˣѾָСܸ֦Ҷˣﶼǳ˼˵ʿνĶ׵ŮҲץӦǵİˡ
ͬʱүȥˤ˫Ⱥ󲻾ñ㼴УߵĲִٽ˼ԷӦĹûүӶش٣ȴǸӲںԼˡ
ÿÿ뵽⣬ҶҲǸ̾ľͲͨأ
˻оʹṦԼԶҶתԷʱôʱĻǿ찡
ȴǲÿ֪ǻ£ԼԽԽܣԽԽүѾ߹ϵŮӣЩȥԽ޹ˣɵı仯ԽĽԺӣԽԽĿ
үôˣ
ͷһȵӣͬʱ϶дƮƮʵ˼Ůӣɽɵ˶֪дǿǲ˿ɼıд˿֯ɣƥѰֺ
뻪¶ֻ֣ǶԶ̽Ļ꣬ɱȸֱ޵ĶдԻһͬʱħҲõԽԽ죬⧲УֱӾһĽ֡
⼸꣬ҶҲŻ¹ɽЩɫѬҲ⣬һڣˣ֪µĹ
ҶĴԼϲŵľʯԾ£ʵпã
µ˵ͷɵľŽˣҪүʲô飡
ţŽɣ
Դǰ֮Ҳûλһˣ뼸ȥˣλŽɾȻֱš
˵ʲô飿
Ҷİ֣˵£ҲɽһˡοٹӾһεִᣬʲôʱ˵Ҳǲ١
һѰ˼һ߰Īʲôʣ
ĳʲôʣǵþŽһˣǿ飬ʵ벻ʲôǵλǰħʽͽսҲλȵĴŰɣ
ûʲô飬ֻҶɽſŽɽһڵĲյŵԣ۾ȴɽصѲӣҶ޵ƲҶŵ޽ʱȫɾֻºʦˣ
ԴɽҶʢɽɵһЩҲ˴ˡҶľȻƾһ֮һѾŵɴģʵ̾ѣɸҲҪһ䣺һֿܣӽҶĺλ
ŽɵҶʲôǽ˵ݺõĴҶ׳־֮ˣ򲻿涼֪ȥ´޽ֺ
һŲҼбˣ
аŽҶļۣҶĻڣϼһ﾿ʲôͼ
ãŽɿƬ̾ջĿ⣬ֻǿȴ˾䣺ҶŵΪǿҪԲ֮˰ɣ
ҶЦЦǰĳ
Žҡҡͷһ˵Ϊһ۱ƵĳԼжƲЩϷ˵ȫǲ²ˣ
ҶҲ˿ڲ裬Цŵǰǲµĺ׼ԼΪھŽǰҲûʲôģһʱ²⣬ɴ˳ŶԷĻ˵
ŽһۣȻԱ̺ŵĻ£ƶȻмħṦӰӣȴԵøƮݲҴżֳѧɽɵʲôѧһΪָо
ҶɽɣȻ
һ·ŽҲƳɽɵʵѾЩŴɵĲ٣ҶΪ׵ĶսҶǼҲչ¶ͷǣɵĹǸɣһдĻӡ
ҶŲʮģ
ɽɵŵԽĶˣһʦѡȥɽϵȻҲУ඼ȥƴˣֻżɽţֱʱγһƵѭ
;ŽƺûʲôϵɣҶļŽ˵ûͷûβȴԽͷԣһȴˡ
ҶţûȤϷ֣


191 
ǰԵӣ
˵ձ˸ƣȥŽҲףֱվԼǼưıһңȻһֱӾ͸Ҷġ
Ҳ֪ṦǿᣬҶĲûеֻǾŽһѾʼƴ
ֻȻһͬţΧȴͬʱͣĦ˽űߵĳǴͷųɵನЩΪתҲ֪㳾ɵĸȥ
˼ŽͻȻüëһЦȤͬʱǸտһ糣ǰûʲô֮
ҶʲԼƵʹ˳ѰԼΧڣһҲǼѡȻδȫǾŽȴһ㣬˿Ӱ죬ԳǿΪ
ͬʱһҶĸоŽΧжһԣ۽ߣõɵĻתԲϡ
һȻѰ·ȴѾ˼غϣĿŽֵһ˵ĳƺţҶЩֶζûʲôӰ졣
Ƭ̹򣬶Ѿ䳡ʱ磬䳡ϲٵҲһƺʲôҶĵʩʺҶһӣȻ˾䣺䳡ճ
Եûж˵Щӿ˿ǸߣҪ˶ֱˣ̽ǼĵӺһԣȻ۰Ͱ͵䳡ΧվһȦҪʶһԼ
ͷǺˣȻҪŹУжҶĹ־ĵӣмƲ죬ԾŽźüĳͷӲƵϡ
ǼʶʦֽѵҪԣǿǵ񽭺һ֣ɵľŽɺĺǰ
Ҳֻ˵ŽɵĴȴԼŶսͷȻλˡ
⡭Ŀɿڴ˺һŽͰ͵ʵŽǰΪҪűԣ
ô֪ʵʵĿˣȻɲУѧһаʽǿһӵģ
˻һ̾һҲϻֻųС
ҶŽɸһվһбԵƣŽɽǱؽȡ˵Ϸ곤࣬ҳ꣬Ҷȳְɣ
⻰˵ƽƽʵҲûʲôƲҶĵ˼ҶҲͲٶֻǵǰУ
һӾһֶһɫָ䳡ֳ֮ȴҶİѩĵʱҲԼŹ˸ģӷϹ֡
ֻһ֣һŽһ㶣ŶҶ⽣б仯ˣ
ŽɱϾǾŽɣȴƳҶһֽȻǿȺͼǰʱʹĲ࣬ɱȴҪǿ˼ΣΪ⽣ǲͣ𶯣֮⽣
˵ˣǸƷҶĽǰƻС˵һЩ뵽ԼžѧС
𶯵иǴ͸ҪѰǿֻ࣬Ϊ˱֤𶯷һ㣬˲ϸ
Щ˼ʱʱðǰǹʱҲʹЩ뷨ҲȥǱСϾһ飬ΪպƿٲñӰ˵ĵطһӣǽٵ뷨ж
һд𶯲ģһֶֻûȫָһл˺Žȸֻ֣ʺһ°ˣͬʱ΢չ¶һЩֶΡ
µȴƲྫֻǼԼһӣһ۵Ľವһ¾ͷɵǾŽɵǰȻھŽǰһգһΧžŽתȦ
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ڵ²죬Ҷȴ֪ǾŽʹ˻תԲϣתͣԲסĹʼû뵽ʲôƽķԼĽѾ㹻񣬻𶯵ԭȴκĹ
иǿĹܣŽɱԻתԲϵĻйĳƣֻתתͲԼĻȻ΢΢ɢơ
˼
ֻŽԳһԲĽϣֵתΧžŽתͬʱŽǱ΢е㷢ɢʵǵɫϵľȴǽѹȥ
ҶŹĺܣ
Žһ£һԼеǱؽӽٽߵϾͺһɵľһ㣬նʱ˿Եжؽһգʵʵں󱳽ǺһĳͬʱֱȡҶĶȥ
⻹㣬һ𣬲Ҽת˼ºǵĽȻҲһҶĳҶʵһ
⻤ܷ
ҿƣȻѾֹͣžŽʹּת˼ȦȻ⽣˦֮֮ȴԼ
Ҷļ״ҲҵһһɫӦֶĽһģҲԳǻתԲϵ˼һתֱӽ˦һԡ
⻹㣬Ҷһ֮䣬ָӲķɽһͬʱһ˦һɫڿն𣬽ɢϸСҷ޸򣬺һȺͷӬһҳײȴһɽײŤҹոԼǰˡ
Žǰһֻ߳һȴ˲ҶĽǰԭɶԶھŽ˵ȴƲһ㡣
ҶϣʲӦɽͬʱͽƣŽһҶһѾߵ˼£ֻһųڿоȻһԲֱȡŽɺԡ
ͬʱּƣֱʹ˽ʮƣȻһͷɫͷ²ƻδǿѹоŽɴΪֻ̾ƾƣһƵ;Բ
һ´һͷ㽫ԼҶĵһ͵һգתֱҶһӭȥ
ֻһ죬һŭڳԴһΣȻһӻ㱣ȵعֳжѾٴηֿҶ˫Ȼ£ͦվԭأƲʲô״
ŽҲֻ࣬Ǳؽ˵ϣʱ磬ͬʱվĵطԲǶ˽ֻ֮ʲһӲƴŽɳ˿ˣĵԼԽ
һƽʲôã
ʵȴ룬ŽʱжԸҶѾһӲƴһµͬʱһɽͻȻ嵽ԼԺ󣬽ҶĻʱ˦ɢɼӦ֮ݡ
ֻǲִӦ£Ƹе飬˳ؽ˵
ϸȥҶģֻȻƶͣʲһӲƴбŽؽϵľġ
Ҷһ۾ý価ָͬʱЦŴһ⼸ﴴһƷԱ仯ֻԾѹˣƣ¹ʮƣ
ʮôŽԼȻԼĺӣƷֻϷҶе㲻ϣ
ҶЦҲôƷרΪӴۣѧ̫ɵĹȴǲеģȴҪҸְ쵰
ɽеһЩҲοȺ󴳳ͷҾ͸ɽϻЩʲôˡ
ȻӲ̽ѰֻƺƢе㺩ֱ书ƲϡԵеֻΪʲôԵűɽǽģԵеޱļһôܰҶµģ
ǰŽȻǰȥ룬ҲҶΪλһԼӼ෴ĵӣҶһƣԽɽ
ʩ̣⻰֪˵ĵȴûɽҶʵ˹ɵ֮
ҶһսҶĹĽԼԤϵĻҪ죬ȻûͻĹؿڣҪʵսҶҲڵŵϺˡҿֻҪҶĴͨأνľֺ֮ͨĺ蹵㲻κ⡣
ѾףҲûҪȥˣŽɽؽһţȻһɳȥĳ͹ԹԵķɻС
ˣϷӹҲˣ΢÷ˣ
Ҷİ֣ĲŹ˼оͲˣŽԼΪ£ֻճϻԼռţȥĻƺǺܺð
ܲǰͰ͵ĸˢɣ
Žɼ֣ЦŵҶкܶʰɣҸط˵ǣ
˵ҶҲͲٶԣ˸ֱ֣Ժȥֻǲ˼ͼѩͻ¼ææĸ˹ȴǻ¼Ҷĺ;ŽҪȥԣȥѩȥˡղɽϣԱûȥ
ѩŽҪҶıԣеġϾŽɵֶΣǰйᣬһСİԼʦִôģû𡣱򶼹˲ֱ˹䳡ߣͼҶĺ;ŽͷЦǺǵߡ
ǰȥ˾䣺˵ôˣ
ҶЦЦԹˣ
ô죿Īʦ֡ѩһҶ첲ʼմһԣδ̧һɫˢİ˼֡
һദô꣬ҶĻƲѩʲô̰ο£ֻǸ첲ˣȱĹȻĪ⣡
⻰ǹά˵һʵΪԼƺõһƶҲܽоŽɳһͬʱֻӳĽҲܽ΢һ¡뵽˼ʱжܽԼһƣһܷʹɽȥƵԼĽΪʵǿֲಫԼӲ¼С
˵һСУҲƽʱҶĵ˳ԷǼãȻǺܴ󣬵˵ȴʲˡУһׯصգ˵̫н
л¸˵˲裬Ҷĺ;Žɷֱһ£ǾŽɾ͵ϷҪȥˣ

ŴԣҶֻŽǵʲô֢֮ˣǿͷ⣬ıĶԼƴһû£ЩԼʮĴſ£ʵڲһ֮ˡ
һҶ飬Žɾ֪ˣЦ˾䣺ޣ뵽ȥˣϷ˼ǣϷԾգֽڴˣ˵ͻȻֻһתǰҲûʧܣϷҲˣҲһ٣
ȻΣգΪǰҪȥ飿Ҷе㲻ףȻΣǻʵʵˣ
ŽҡҡͷҶԺͻˣղ㲻ԲģȻҶһۣ̾Ҷлᵽǰ㾳磬ҳɹĿԱϷҪ࣡ȴǿҶѾΪԼɲ֪ǿ˶ٲиж
ҶĬȻ飬ʵ˵׼Ǻ»ǻ¡˼ջǲòΪ֮⻹ǿеģֻҪΪﵽ׼Զִճ򣬸ѡĻ᣿
ϸϸȥʣŽǱҶҲûʵıҪˣѾҵ˴𰸡
ֻŽһָǱһԵؽ˵ؽϷУκαܹ̳УϷҶʹؽҶҲǶã뽫иҶţҲû
ҶͻȻһƺ뵽ʲô
ȴŽЦҶŵǲţ֪ԣѾµϷˣ


192 
ŽָָԼǰؽ߱ԣƳؽֻ֮Ҫ䣬ԱܸǿϤԣǴǿı仯
ЩҶ֪ģΪĳС˵еҲӵһ֪һаĿǣֻҪֳִ˽㲻°͵Ϯ
ŽƺҲû˼ԼĻ⼸У꣬ڼԶϤĲϤˣԽԿԲģ
ⷬ⣬ҶĶھŽɵ֮ҲһЩͷŽڽϸ֮׳ͺʹð۲ֻ࣬Ǹͷ࣬ȻֵķɽܹڿתۣȫؽĴԱ任ˡ
ţǳϵȴԳ־ãü¾͵ջ¸û̫ǿɱҲһȱݡ
˵ۺǳ׶ҪȴǼ򵥵飬ŽҲǼʮŽԼЩյһܲ磬õؽҲʩչžѧ
ҶĹŽҲд̲ŽԼĶžѧ߸ҶģԾŽɵΪҲ±ǿؽЦ˭ȥµһֵĶ
һһ˵һЩֱԼн˸ͨ͸ŽɲʵҶѾ֪Լ֪ˣ֪ܷӦϷһ󣿡
Ҷ֪ˣŽ󣬺α⽫ԼҪı͸
𿴾ŽɺųʹŰѳһеĸӶؽϣؽûˣǰ˱ҲͨıаˡȻԾŽȹ֮ˣͨҲһǿᣬƼʩչܹ鲻Ǽ¡
ǾŽԼڼҲȾ
˿ҶģŶʮµѾ˲Ϊձһ֮ǼᶨԼ뷨ʱ㿪˵Լ󣺡ϷһȻһӣͽҲδչӦûʲôǣҡϷСɳϰգʦŻЩģ
Ϸڼ벻ɶٴڴϷʦԽԽҲѾʦŶˡκ´һɫ֮ˣֱֻϷʦȥ˴У
ҶѾ²⣬ʵǰϣסɴУ
ŽЦֻϣ˱ɵʱҶֱܹסһȫǱɵӲϽԼ˴УǱǱɵҲǿ󣡡
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˾Žɵ˼
Ҫ󲢲֣ҲֻϣҶܹһĲڱϣǵӲͲȥˡǰҶڵΪֻҪɽɵ۷ҪɾŻܹġοٹϼ꣬ԼΪ֣ҲþͽӲ
Ӧöٻӡ
뵽ҶͻȻʵ˵ֶǰΪֵһˣȴ֪ڵڶǡ
ӡڻʦһˣɽɵ书ɲ֮ȴ֪˭˭ǿһ㣿
ֻĵȴԾΪΪΣգ˱ĸҲ֪ʲôվҲǷâ¶ԽСӡλǰȴž֮ˮһƽ޲Ҳѿǳ
û뵽ҶĻͻȻô⣬ŽҲһ㶣漴Ц⽭ϰ֮ĸߵͣô׷ֳοֻ֮һҲûԣ
ңಫֳҲ׼Ϊ̫󡭡ҪˣͲܷһᲢۣ
˵˴ŽҲ֪ʲôϻһ¾ʹ˿һ߰ڳ״һЦŵ˵ӲҪֳµ飬Ϸʮǰһ
Ŷ£վŽҶҲ̸£˵ԵĵҲ޷ȻλǰˣҶҲں˵仰οվŽɺԣռ·֣μҲڰȴˣ˵仰ʲô
ʮǰгһˡ˲Ū˽ʮְ񣬻һŪʲôʮƸʮƸԼʮŮʮ湦ܸʽİ񵥣ҶԳưΪͨ£ֻ㲻֪ģû֪ģ
Ҷһ绹һһŪһѰ񵥣һ䣺ϣеĵ۵ȴ֪λ̨ˣ֮ǰһЩС˵ﶼţX˾ĴڣѵһЧͼҲܼʱǵκʡ
£ҲѰ˼ҪҪˣһЩӰ˵飬һڣŽɵĻشҪһ
˱ȫ׷ɱһλ£
ҶԴһȡţXôôױˣΪʲô׷ɱĪǡ
˵ĪʲôŭԹ飬罫ʮỤ̊һ飿ϵŽɻ˼ЦŵŪ˵Ĺߣʱ˲ֺڵ׵˱ǳ׷ɱĽ
ŽԼĺӣʱϷʢҶ²ۣʱ϶Ѿʮ˻ʢȻϷʮְ֮⣬Ҫú˵˵׷ɱ˰֮ã˵˹ҲǲϷ׷˰ûץһͬûϰṦָɱˣ
˵ŽͻȻʲôƵصˣҶҲ˵ӣ
ţӣ
ŽºӣִϣϷƳʦܵ书СӰӣ֪һôˣ
ҶĲ֪ԭ͵·ЩֵӰӣ书ۺӰ˵ĶṦӰѾ࣬Ϥ书˻Ƴߵġ
ˣɱӵĸҲƵĳ𵱳ִϣԼƺΪ⣬Ī֣
ֻ;Ž޹أҲûϸ˵ֻ˵ѾڱɵС
ŽҲ⽭ϷϤԽԽˡ
԰ּ˵ǰʵǰҲ鷳ϰ䱾ΪǿʤвǾƴѰĽԶĻҲĽнύ֮ģǸְһֱӽûϵ˸˸£Ȼλϵ͵˲
ΪʵɣںڵʱҲͱֳĬû˵ڻڵܰ˵䣬䵽˾磬׷ɱȻΪ桭
뵽Žɳο˽ɵʲĿһһ˳ָвٶӳͣ͢Щ֪ҲͰˣǵó˵˽֪ǾѰˣ
Ҷֱ¶ͷϵ亹ϣѹԼ֮ûʲôааֱֻû˸ǰǱ磬˳ڽȻŪȻڽݵλ뵽ͱѣĹ
Ž˵ЩȤ£׷ɱĸּһ𣬻һкаϰŵλһֱͿĻ˵ֻҪһ¶С֮ɫٲһս
ڵʱкŵĸֶҴܣ֮ײҲһǶʱȻңҲûʲôĻ¡ֻһ࣬Ǿ͸ʵͼ𽭺˵һԹۿֵļҲ׷׳֣ҪֹС
ɱǰҲ˳ڽҲΪɱ˭Ҳ׽İʵ⽭һṦֵͷΡ
ϷνĽһˣλͬұˣ
Žͣڽûвһǰģ𾴳ϰףҲҽԵϾŽɵȷʵǿᣬҲû˸ҷ顣
ǳ˾Žɣĸ궼󣬱Ҳ࣬ӲҪŸȺ󣬹̾ͻһˡ
ɽڻġһϹϹ졢ҵŴѪⶼǵ֪ļλˣ˵ҶģҶǻЩܹٽһҲЩͬУ
ҶЩֵʱ򣬾֪˵񽭺еĶֶЩЩţмȴû⽭ϹȻԻ
Žһ䣺ЩҲǾ߶ģű֪ʵԵˣȻ֪ϤһҲǲסǸְ֮󣬾Ǳеĸ
Ҷİһ䣺Ҳ֮һ
Ž˵Ҳǵ֮ɫʵҶĵ뷨ӣ۾̬ʮʮı˵СӲµĲ飡
˵˼䣬Žɫ˾䣺ʱ䲻ˣϷҪȥʦֻ𣬱㲻߶ˣպ󡭡Ҳûպˣ˵ҲٵʲôټĻǻ˻֣Ȼһ㼴ûӰҶıĻҲû˵Ͳλǰ
ǾŽǱؽͰİΪһвǸһ㡣
ѩһֱһûвڣŽˣʵʦ׼δ
߹ȥؽȴ֮ԶȻĹҲõȴҪóʱӦ
ҶؽĹսԭǱؽе㲻ˣ㽫ðɣ
˵ǹ⻪޷ĽǰҲǱͷֻǾֱͱͽãִ֮οǰƳҵ书·ؽмͣȴΪʵʹߣֻоܷ
ѩ˵ͷҲټ˵ˣת˵ٹǱóˣڸɽɷָһϯλȴȥ̫
ҶҲ˵ͷҲãͬʱһʦܸĽȥ˷ţִ˳ȥǿʦڰŵ޴ǰȥ
ѩ֪ΪЩղ˻غͣѾǰȥһӦˣЦŵԭʦֶźˣ
Ҷƣû˱㽫ѩӵıδᣬ׼ͼλǰһսشͨǲܣҾͳԵףȹ꣬۳벻Ǳ飡һˣҶ޵ĵŹӦûеɣ̾Žɵģκλ֪ȴûָ֮⣬Ҷ֪ԸæҲûڡ
ѩҶĻ棬ʦ˵ȴе㵣ġȻһֱʦܹ޳Լ飬ΪԼʦһӵΪȴܾöԲʦֲżģ
ʦȵᷳˣ˵˾䣺οʦռʦôǼ°
һѩߣȴȥҶ˽л͵ԼϵļСƬǶСֱȻźҲ̫ˣǿԴ˿ֱǱ»µ˽¡⼸սܣܲҶĺ˵ֻ
ʱ½ⶫʱҲԼʦôŪôҶĹֱ˵˿಻ֻ࣬СҲǻסҪŽѩŹ
Լʦõ촽һڣʦûصԼ䣬ҶֱӺһɤӣ°쵹


193 γƺ
ɢ˳ֻ鷿зЩͼΣһҪÿ˯ʱ䲻һʱЩԽ㲣Ҳôȥˡ
·ԶҲһ㣬ʹˣȴʼѼɫֱȥյĽΪ״Ԫ֮Ľ˽Լһ̸ŵ֪̳£ĵط׶ˣ鱾ɱ⣬ȴΪЩ׶˵æû˯
ʱ˹̳Լһ粻úһ¾ֻὥ˥±˱֮뵽źԼ˵һѵḺ̌ʾԣֻԻѷֻܻΣҩµ̫ң𷴵
⼸ʵۣҲǲЩ飬ĺܣʵǼһЩ󳼣ЩĸҲʡ
ֻλʵۿɲ֪ĽɽѧյʱϾҲԼʦҶ̸۹Լ뱨һкͼΰҵ֮ԼʦҲӹĿ࿴ڳޣϵҶ֮Ȼüһ¾ͽĽԵࡣ
ΪԼʦԼҶȴʲôҲû˵Ǽ̸˱ģͨһЩСԼȻԼЩӲǲãȴ̫ˡһ;꣬ԼҲá
ҶļԼͽҲͲٶԣ֪Լпû̫īˮֻǶһЩӰ˵鶼˽⣬ͬʱҲʷҪиĸȴԳɹӣαҲвٷЩĸΪʧܵݡ
οʱڶѸһһĽ䷢ĸΣôҶҲЩ飬ǰԼͽ⻹ûġ
һҵı׶ˣһ˵˲֢ҩȡ꣬ͼ֮Ϊ֮ߣ
μǵⷬĽԲڵ֪Ҳ֮ûбͷԡʵǵҶĸٵļС̫ʡԼֻôСһ֣Ȼǣôʵ
Ҷֶ˵֮⳯Ĺϵһ΢γһƽ⣬Ҷǣһȫɲ֮
Щ˵ʵ֮󣬻ҲǴΪͣǿĽǱ͸Źֱ֮ĶЩƮƮȻ
ǵûʵ۲ͣΣһĹ⾰Ȼɵְλʥ֮¡ȻΪǨ֮Ҳ˵ĲĽȴںѾףֻҪʵŴôЩӰ˵ϵ˵ǸƣֻҪԼκһɣЩһҲĶԸԼٳҲֻҪûΪˣҪء
ǺùΪƣ
ڼʱʱҲĽԿɲ֪ʵ鷿һźС̫ͻȻԻϽԵūǰȥ˼Ҵּʱ˸һÿĺܣ
ȴ֮£С̫˵˵С̫µԼߵģС·ӣԭλСְλֻ࣬ҪϳԼһЩҪźѾˡȴǱ̫涨µĹأźϵ̫಻ҪһԸߵְλ룬µȴ̫Ȩ׽ŪȨ
Ŷƽʱûʲôϲãֻǵ˿ϲд֣Ȼ͸Լ׽󳼣ĽԵ״ԪһʺҲ뼫ѵӡ󡪡ҪĽһĴǰŪӦ£ºĴдĵȷס
ȻεԳ˲вŵˣĽڵһֻ֪Ľ鷨ƴңǻȴͨʱҲҪĽһһ򵥵ͼȻе˼ҲѵǴ֮á
ѵĽʵҲһλֻ֣̫ͷѹԼʵԹ׾
ʲôƵ
С·һ߰ˮһЦŴƺһŮͼūŵʱֻƳһۣǻϵŮŮһ㣬̬ͻһ޶ʱūž˺һ󣡡
ЦŶã
С·ӵͷ
룬Ƕѻϸߵ£С·Ƽ˵˾䣺»϶Ѿĸʱ΢Ҳް
㶮ʲôⶼǽҪ£ҲǺõģֻһ֣ȴûֽȴ̫ãӶܡüͷ̾˿˵ҲǣҲ٣ôȥҲǸͷЪϢһ°ɣ
С·ӼӦˣʵūȥ˼ң˴ǻΣ
ȴĽԼڶǰɣҲߣ޸£
С·ԣ̽ȶ˵Ȼϴһ£͵͵ĳ˹
ûʲôˣֻԸǰͬʱһţһ·ͣͣҿģĹŵĽԵļҡ
ǡĽڳͬʱԼʦ죬ԭҲǸոյﾩǣ˵ĻԼʦӦڵ·ϣμӰ˽ʢᣬתǿ
ţ˾пá
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ͣȴ֪οڣĽԺǳⶼүˣڵģ⻰ŵǻˣ
ĽȻǻҲһҪӭ˵һֻص죬أĪлʵƼң
˻һĽԲԼʦϽ״ԪɣвŴ˹٣ԼŵĹλӦԼʦġȻҲ׼ԼʦѾ顣
Ը˴ԼʦǸ֪γƺĻȥϢԼִһֱܳȥӭӻȥˡ
е֮ҶȻŷ𣬵ǴĵҲһֱ֪ɮѰźõһ·ϣʱʱо͡
ŵѩͻ£ҲǺĶѩǲôƽݣﶼ棬ȻϴģƽʱɲдŮͣǰŮʩҲԼǰͥתƣǲýġٿִᣬҲȻ˴
ʵһ˻ʦҶ˽ҲʹѩͻѰͷ
뵽ʦȴЦŵ˾䣺ж⣬ҶЩ
Ҷı˵Ҳ㲻УʦȴƻһֵŮڵ飬¾ǵ֪˷ԣҶžܷס±ǣұ𿴱ʳҲеģ嵭һˣ
˼Ҷô˵ҶپܾǾԵ̫⣬л֪ɮ˰źõ
һһ䣬ҶĴǴԼȫӣĽھе޷ǰ֮⣬͵ĴͽɭҲûϹСӵǸҶһˡƽϹģ˻ϣȻһϵɽ
һ·ϣҶƽ˵ʱҲ˽ӣЩ
⼸˲ħˣЩƺҪ͵Ϯӷֵ磬һһˣ
ɱˣ
ǣ
ĶԣԼӵļ򣬼ᶨͬʱԼҲγһƣȻ֪Ƿս϶Ǳǿࡣ
ЩħҲʱʱЩĴңǲ˶ɽɵ鷳ĵβɽɼҪﶼû㱻ˣ΢Ļֿ޶ʧս
׼ɽĵӣκɽɵ״߶ģǳҲУԷӦħ̵ʧ˲ˣûɽϰƫɽɵ˳ּΪһ־ڣħɽҲֺ־塣
ҲˣɽЩĵӲΣգΪһŵĶûˣҪ֪˵ϢԼ´̽ɽӵ٣Ҫ鷳һ
ħмҪץסҪЮͽ
ôӦԵģҶĶͦģϹĪľͿƽյߣԼͽܹҲô˼Ҳˣڽһһλеµ˼
˵Լ˱ץˣ᷽ңȴ֪ԼͽܻӦ˾ԼǰϹҲûٰë϶ǽԴϲġ
ͽ˵ʦʦ֣ʦְ㱨˳Ѱ㡭

ȻͻȻתͷˡǬһڵأȥһ

ҶͽܣǰȻûҲǸƷȻֻ˵ĳ
ͣͣ˵˵ЦЦһٴի֮ҶĶԳȥתⶼμӴɣʲ֪ɮһ֪סԼԶѾеʱȥҲ޷
ǣѯ֪ɮһпоŽɣõһ񶨵Ĵ֮󣬱øӦˡ
ɵĵͨӣһţӾָԱߵλõҶ
󲻵Ҷʻ㾶ֱ˵ҶǰҪʦܵɣҶĵͷ̾˿ʦǰˣȴҲ֪ǳɻδɣԺҲʦˣ
˵̾˿Ҳ֪ʲô϶ŵĲյȻ΢΢ֹ
Ҷĳʱֻ˺һϵĲյɶ֪ͣλǰ屧
ҶżЦˣʹˣɵĹȷע꣬ǱϾֻӳ޾Ԫһˣ徳ȴһ첻һ졣
ǰʱͷǾӣɣȴѾ̬ԣήңֽҲôˡ
Ҷı˱ȭȻ߹ȥӵ̽һĳһɫͷٻѨϣԼס¸Ӧӵӡ
Ƭ̣ͷϵɢ֮ҶҲչԭλٿӣĿϢƬ̣ۺǾͷ˲٣޵Ҷʦֻܵף뾹Ȼã
ϧﲻǰǰ⼸վͷһЩ
˹ˣЦǺǵͷӲϸɶ˱ѾҶŴˣ
ӶԼĺܣѾ;ƿ֮࣬ԽԽһΪɽײˡˣʱҲѾ޶ࡣˣŽҲҶͷϡ
ԼƾǰʩӶݸɽ֮⣬ΪҶᣬԶԼӾЩиһȺ׷ԲԵͷͽԼʦֿʲô
ҶӣҲ뵽˾ŽԼôһ㺬壬һʦ緶ھͺһʱȥͨͷûʲôͷܾòǸζӵһͬʱҶҲ֪ڲʣ޼ѾʼήңԼȥЩȻҲֻǿάաҪ֪һҶһڴߵʮա
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һӾȻ˵˵˯ˣҶİӷϣȻǺôſڵɵӱ뿪ˡ
Ϊ飬ҶĻȥʱɫҲǺܺÿһԼס᷿ͼĽԾȻվ
Ľԣôˣ
Ľع̹ʩ˴񣬺һʦȻֱӺͣĳҶʹɫֵҶΪͽ۾ʲôëԼæ
ǻۼӦȥҳϣΪʦʲô
ĽʹɫԼҶſվżˣһòʳڣһսȺһۡҪλһקĶʵ̫Ժˡ
ϣˣ֪λγƺһĽֻܰԼһ泤̾һ


194 
ҶĿ˿һļһ֪λǵӣΪĽºôҲǳд٣֮λⲻǶĹλҲڶ˭СܽôŽƾֻеʵˡ
ολȣ۹ڶļԼǿ˶ǿһֵ͵ϷҶֻҪ࿴ӾͿԲµһˡ
ڳԵĻǹΪ֮ȻҪ΢Ѳ۾ȥ㲻ǲ뱻֪ôҾ͵֪ˣ
Ҷ΢ЩȣȴΪû뵽ҶľȻᣬӦԼ࣬룬Ե˼֡
ΪĽԵʦôҲǸٵˣĻǰ㲻׵鷨Լ
ԴĽԸϼǸŮͼа֮У뽫ǻҪȥֻĽ˵ʦûҪ
ͬʱƼ˱ĽʱʱϵǸҶĵдĽõһ֮󣬲֪Ľ鷨ϰõģп˺һÿĽԷӦ죬ֱԣǵʦ̵΢ʱ΢鷨Լķ㲻õˣֻϾʱٹĦһʦıʼ
ְ
һ޵ʦ黭ǵټȴ֪λ壿
ĽԵԪ֮ٲûѯĽ֮飬ιʵſԶŴβڣ
±㽫ԼԼªΪϲһһ˵˳Ϊ˾ϰ鷨һλ鷨Ϊʦϰ꣬ųʦǰμӿԡ
ҲΪһѧꣿȴǴҲˣĽֶҪѧܼˡ
ȴĽԣƽǰУ鷨ѧգȻҪѧҪѧŵʦס꣬Խһ鷨£
˰һ˾䣺һ鷨Ȼʦ֮洫ˣ
ʱĽֻǳԼϰʦ뻹ĽΪʦصŻǫѷ֮ԣĽʦȻдһ־ѵĺ֣Ҳǫѷ֮
¶λʦԽ棬ֶһЩȴ볯ͷʱŵ֪ĽԵʦˣҪμִᡣ
뾩ǵҲǺԶȥתתǡҲܼʦ
򵥰һЩһЩԼǰֱӾˣֻǵʱҶȥɣûײ
Ҷĺ˻һʺһȻҶı㲻ˣҲǼΪ棬˼Ҷǹȴ⣬ûв³޵ݣ
ֻҶİԼеĸ߹ٻү֮ˣȴ֪ҶͰĵϸ˸һ
ʱҶץסĽԣʵʦأ
Ľ͵͵˾䣺ʦ±Ƽ·ˣŴʱӦɽĳѰס
Ҷĵ˵ͷ֪ҲˣԵȴȥܣתͷֶµҲͣдܻ֣
ҲǻֵҶſˣͬʱһ󣬼ɾһЩˣҲԼ࣬ԼͷĶһЩϴҲ꺺ӴĲͬ
ҶҲ󣬹ûʲôһˡ
һ·ĽԳĶ黭ϵ飬ҲôȥԣĽɻһʱᵹûǵڵɽɡ
ֱһ󣬴̵һСӽͳܹҶһȴǳһ
Ŷⲻֵ𣿡
ȿĻſվŵĹɽһ֮󣬵ǻʱʱſվվҲǱɽסɵǰݷãҲͨһ
ǰĽʱվſڣʱܹվſڣǲʲôãֻóԸģǱȥǡ
һк̧ͷſȥҶһ۱ƳźƳ˱ǼǰλǱһǱֱ
ҶĻûģѩȴƤһĽ˹ȻͷСǱ˵ģȴҲû뵽λǵӣֻǸϵĳλүˡ
ܹҲû뵽˵ҪȥĳλͣȻײɽһȺˣֻȥҲ벻ɽɳϹϵģĪǻѰ͵ģ
˼ڱδҶŷɰĲ칫ӣĪǲδȬ
˻һһɫһ䣬˾䣺칫ӣ
ܹܴʱһϵɫ̾׹Լ´ˣֻǻʻֲܲ˵ֻεĵĪүѰϽ״Ԫ칫ӵģǵóֻܿڳүǺϡ
׹칫ָǵԼѵͣõͲشǹٵϢʱ뽫ǵ˵ûµ̫ҽһ٣ǵⲡ֮бʵڹֲͷϣֻһ̾Ϣһ׼ʹǹ֮롣
ȥһĽԣ˲٣Ҳ͵ˣôҿܹܵ˼ͱɵĵӡ
͵ڵģɽɣ
Ѱ˼һ£ɽɵŲҶ𣿶͵ʦֻ֣û뵽Ȼǰλ
⣬ԭҶű칫ӵʦ֣칫ھеʱĳҲҶ֮վȻһʱδ𣬻ǡ˵ȴ֪Ӧ˵ʲôεЦЦιȥ
ҶȴһνӣкһȻԭʦܵľʶиˣǻʵۣûˣ˵ǰǲ²⣬Կ϶ˡ
뻹֪Լͱ˵֪߻ڳһ״û뵽ҲǳԹɣɹȻ˲ű˵ԼΪ˼ʶĽʦ鷨ģĳԣʦ֮鷨Զʤĳ
˵Ҷ֪ʵΪʲôˣǼĽԵ֣Ҫʶʶ˵鷨ȴ֪滹еԼ͸ĽǸĹֻͣҶԼ˸һɶȻ벻ȥ
֣˵˵նݺһɤӣ£ķıó
УķıһӦȫǲȥҪҶĲһڿƣ˽ԺǷʯ˳½ֽ̿ȻҶĥī
ʱƼҶĥīһˣԾһ£Ƭ̾ͻعλǡ
ǰѾѩĽԽʦʱѾ뾪һ£ʱ´ȴûʱҶҪд֣Ż㷴ӦɽĪ˽֮ܵأеĽԲŻŮӶòɣ
ū澲һүʹѾͷˡһĥīһӦ˼䣬ʲżȺȲ֪ȨƵˡ˴಻ǣԼĪҪĺŶ档
ҶĻҺȡķıŸ
ȴֻŮҶĵͨѾͷҲûٶƣֻǵĥīýҶд֡
˼һ֮ûԣͬʱƶƻһۣҲǰ˵Ǻ
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ȴ֪ΪӣʲôݸʽŮӶ̫࣬ԼǸɫָŮԹһˣŮɫȻҲͿĵˡολԾҶŵŮˣûǿŮĵز
˵ǿŮһ㣬ǿһѾʵ۹͵ñȺΣΪʵǴʧʼ棬Ѫֲֻһˡ
ҶĵȻ½īĥãȻ˾䣺֪뿴֣
Ҳû룬ֱӵ˾䣺һ֣
Ҷֻ˾䣺ʵϲԾӣλҲⲻףҲԣֻǵͷǰֽдһ֡
ֳʱдϡ棬ȴеʧĪ˲ͽ
ȴ󼸱һ꣬ȻǼ򵥣ɫȴԼһ־ʲô·ĸоһۼֻúͨſȴƳÿһƺ仯ƲףҲƲС
л㱼䣬Ȼ־Ȼһ޶һȥһƬȴֱ仯ˣҼƱ䡣ǰһܻ죬һ̾ͿԴ衣ͬʱ벻֪ǲԼĶˣܾ־Ȼ͸һ˵̬Īʵۣ
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ԽԽǻϲ뷭ȥĿ˼ֱۣϲɫ˫ץûаֵ˼
ҶļˣҲڵ˾䣺ϲˣ
Ҳףϲ̵ĵлȻż뿪ɽɵԺӣ߻ĽԸ˹ȥҪȥԼҪסȻȥµȥˡʦʶʵ۵ģҲԼҵ
һߣվҶԱߵĻ¾Ȼ͵͵ĳһҶתͷһۣʵô
µղˣһֱ˵ƣūǰȻҴ
һ˵ѩͻȻüͷһ壬ɽ˲ŷԼҲһˣֻʲžȻûз֣ǻ¿ڣǿһֱʲô쳣
Ҷˣֻйɫ糣λӦ̫֪֡ǻʵ۾þӸλһƼ˺һȻΪڲԾʱͱѹȣֻΪףپԴûв
ȴΪǰľЩȽУŻ״
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үҪȥɣ
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ˣ԰¶һõЦݣЦеĽϵıīȶպãȻûطС
ֻѩߡһһԼĲҶǻȻ󣬵ѩĹܹģοҶĺͻһʱλδŷ˿Ƕĺܽ
ӿɲ֪ЩһߣǸԵȥˣҶļӶɢ˲ŴյѩԣʦóԴˣ
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ôҶļӶ˸ɾͻȻѱ̾ѩĲ࣬Ȼһ⶯ǵѩߣæҪҶƿҶĽžͱĳһ䣺Ũζ
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ֻġžһͱѡҪ͵ϮߵĶγѪѩͻȻһۣȻССԺһ죬̵̱Ľǳ𣬿ϧԳɫ㱻һѹȥ


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Ҷĵһ̬˸һȴүǰϲûռˣԼҲһ޶
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⼸ԼյҶźţ޵ҲռЩˣܸоÿζҶĹġ
ţֻҶǽ۵С֣ʵ°˵ʦΪλͻȻƢأ
ЦүǰϷˣ˭ᷢƢģ
ֻһҶʵڲʲôֵģô
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ֻһȥѩƵصĿǼƺһֱڵôˣ
Ҷ룬ȻѩƣͷţȷǱԼŪĲŵʦϵһᴳˣ
˻һѩǴߣҶļһȰοŽѩס
ֻһ뵽Լһѩǰ㼤ҷӦ²ò̽Ѱһʳ˽
ԭѩСʦ֮¾ͻƨɣʱҶܻһԿŲҳԳЦԽҶǰΪԼʦСʱ飬Żǰ㼤ҵķӦ
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ֹüգִϱȽҪɶѾ룬Ǽɵź;Ӣӷ׷פԺҶɽҲԽ
ҶɽɵԱ߷ֱǱԼᣬ治Զɣȴ˾סֻǿš
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ȮӶ޼ҶѾã
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ʦЩ־Ӣۼһ𣬱Ϊַħ̡
ҶѩĽ磬˺һ֮ʦų֣˼򵥺һ£ҶıʵĪҪ£
ʦЦЦҶżȻ֪Ƕһˣ
˵ͷҶʦ̸ЩԵ飬˵ŻһһС
ụ̋ԼĴͽܱ磬ɽԼʦ֣һǶһˣûӣֱߵʦԱߵλΣҲǰ
֮⣬ɵǴͨǰ˭ҲʶɳӺ;ŽҲûʲôˣҲû̫⡣
Ҷļӵʱ򣬼ͷվ㲻·Ҳֻǲ統ǰߵĿ٣ֻ䡣
˶ǵ֣һӣüͷʦǳ̾һӲŵʱƳӵˣھŽѾյ£ΨһĸҲѾģ֪һǰﲻʲôæˡ
ᶫһ˼񣬽ԼĶʤ֮󣬴Ҷû̫⣬ǻɶʤŮӵҲֻǶҲ¶ŮںŪˡ
ֻеǰʱͷͻȻһͬʱֳ־˵˾䣺񹦣
һɫȻһ䣬̱㹧ĵǰ棬Ȼ˳
Ӽҳˣɫȴѿ˼֣Ӳֽ˻ȥֻ̾˿ԭλ
һЩŹʲô񹦵ˣֻǲ²һʲôܽٶǰʧ̬һżĹĶӣŮŹҪˡ
ϱ׵ְ߽⣬ȻһְķֱֶӻΪ˶ԵСɣڱһЩɲʳ£ҲѾʣ޼ᡣ
ֳһ湦ĸ֣ڽϵĵλҪһᡣ
ҶҲģֻԴת˼֣аԲ²νķĪǺͿƵأԶҲŽԼĶӣ
ѩ͵͵ʵʦ֣Ƿʲô򣿡
ҶԼʦãƵĻںҡҡͷ֪ѩһº
һʦȴһۣȴǾĪû뵽ǶʤȻŹȴ֪־Ǹǻ
ɽ࿴Ƕʤۣ˼ŹȻУһ湦ʧأлᵹҪһŹǲʵ
˼䣬ֻſֽˣһҶĲʶԸŵȴǼģϹҵϹ
ô˵ǰľϹҵļϹˣ뵽˴ͼһȭ˵ĳˣλĪ֣
ʦЦŵûϯʱϹδ٣
û䣬ֻſִһϣҪˣǳٵûƼңϽҽȥ


196 ֹı
ϹȥֻһԼĪʮ£ųЦų˻֣˰
Ȼ󲻹˵ıΣֱӽϹƿһ㣬ȻŻŵλһŶϹ֣찡վſڸһԼ͵ˣ͵˵ӡ
ϹЦЦȴǲΪ⣬ֱŴкŵɽɵҶǰʺһСŮҶ˲鷳ɣ⼸ϹҲûعңֻǴпʲôʵѾͷȻе㽾ᣬѾ񵱳ççײײҲϹΪˣжɽҲ˼ָм
Ҷı˱ȭ̵еҶĳӦ֮£ϹˣֶϹͶ˷ҲͬУ»ԺϢ
Ϲ˵ͷԺԻŰݷãѩ˼䣬˳ôû֮ġ
һ˵˲Ϲк󱲵Ӱɽ£鵱ķзģв˶һʱֻ֪ϹСŮɽɣʱ֪ϹĶҲһɽǽ
ɽɺϹҾȻܣ
жѰ˼ɽĺϹҽͬˣ⽭ĪҪٱһ䣿
ƣλӶȻʵĪǻڵôĻϲˣӿͿʼ췴ˣ
ʦǺһЦżֱˬӣԸһֱԵһλУȥѾõľƲ˶ϡ
Ҷʦ֪ⷬıҵļŴѪλҲǱŽɳΪеһλǺһͨ˵ûʲôʵƲ
ҲƲ֮
ȴûаС˼ԽԽСġΪ㲻ƿסһôʹҪЩϵĶάԼϣͨ߱ǿʵеµķڷĸԼ
ֻǶ˼ۣڼ仹ԱһЩɨ˼ۣȴɽŴѪЦǺǵĶҶĵλֵĽ֪γƺ
Ҷı˱ȭɽҶģδ̡
ŴѪк£λ˻˾䣺Ͳ˵Ȼһһ۵ģȤĽҲͲٴҶģתͷԵıֻǱ̺ƲƵһƾŴѪ˵ĭɣƤ̧һ¡
䵭
֮˳ҶģƺͶΪֲ֣Ҳû˾òԾԹԵĺԵ˵ŻҲ߸ɴͱĿ
Ƭ֮󣬾Ʋ룬ʦȻһپƱλеľӢڴΪ£ҲĶԣȰⱭˮƣǾͺúõһ°ɣ
ҶĶƱŻͷģֱ߻ȣһھͺͺڵƵطʵͷ󺹣һ䣺λʦ治УһʦǰСһо⣬˺𣬿Ϊϰ䣬ʦҲǲҪիġ
׼оˮһֱ۾һܵͻȻ˿ڣʦԺ٣ȽĳӭһҶţ
ʦڴϣȴް㲻֮ɫǻȻĵ˾䣺ϣԴȻ飡漴ңңһָҶģλɽҶҶţоӽš
˾ͲٶԣЦеҶģҶһ
ֻȻԼλһоƱȻ˾䣺ҶǵһͬУչӭһ¡
Ҷв⣬ȻԼλúת˳žƱԼǰվԼľƱҲ°δ̫ˣѵʲôè壡
۽Աһɨֻ˾ȻƺԽܸȤ¸ӿ϶ԼжϣȻ⣡
µҲֻмвУƱһǾƱһҶ˱
ֻáһ죬Ҷľ;ԼĲһƱһ鲻֪˶õı飬оˮȻҲ͸һ̹ǵĺƫƫоˮȴ֮࣬Һ塣
þԵĺ
סָҶĲסǾƱȻһƣֻ̧һĶ΢΢Цݣͺ;һͨľˮһ޶
бȥԱߣҲµҶģǵĹȻƵĳⱭˮ쳣ȴ˳֤Ϊһ顣
ҶҲʲô˼ˣһ顣
Щ˶ǽλĴڣҲ˵ǵĶӢĴһҲǵһΡҪ壬ٲ˶Ҫһء
ҶĲ²һ㶼ûȺ˻ʹֵĶսƽʱִҲй̶ϯλĴɣҶĵɽҶͬϯǻʦһ˵ľ
Ƿ󣬻Ҫõ˵ϿɣǹȥءԲסǱߣԱ㣡
ҶⱭˮ⺮Ȼ̹ǣȴҲ壬һЦ˾䣺ſˣһͷǱǺľˮȻֱȥ
ⷬٶһмҶĪӳˣȻôǾˮˣĪԼ
ǸΪȣֻҶĺǾˮ֮󣬺һͺͶʱһ㣬һȻͺûһԼıס
ˣһЦҶŹȻ˵ЦžԼλöأȴҶĹȻ˼
˲֪ܲԼǾע˶ٺǱѰ˺£Ǿˮ븹ܽסϰ֮˺ˣ̱ǹǿˣҲⲻصˡ
ԭ²⣬Ҷ֮ͣǰԼھкɢ²ܾƳȥֻҪȥ˴룬Щȹ˲̫⣬΢Ϣһ±¡
û뵽ҶľȻֱܲӺȥԼĺȻҶЧд˶ΪҶĽˮ֮󣬹һǾеĺȴ֪һڲͨĹֻΪӰЧ
Ҳ˵ҶĸûƳԼھ͸ˣԴӱǺɣҲʿĻû
ȴ֪ҶĵɽɺɽһۺȪһ붼ǿǺȪɣԺм֮󣬱һһ֮㼴ڣΪ⺮ȻҶĵת֮Լƽ׸Сһ
Ϊƽ͵ĹĻҶһڹа״͵Ĵ𹦵Ļô㺮ֱӾܸˡ
ҶС¶һ֣ҲǽϿʵͬʱɽɵĵλҲʽȷԺֻҪԼϯλÿʢ϶ɽɵһϯ֮ء
ЩҶĻ֪֪ʲһƾȻҪĻƻֶεΪû뵽̬׽͸ôȥҶĵŴѪʱҲһҶƣ㱻ҶײҲǵ˾䣺Ҷ˵Ĳף
Ҳ˾䣺ҶŵĹ־֮࣬
ʦƺ⣬صԼλãֽԼǱƶˣ˱ɣ漴ӦԼһӣֱӽⱲƺ˸ɾ
˼ʦˣ׷ӦһźñӣȻʦĺ󻰡
ֻȴһ˳ԣֻһȡһѻҽ͵ħ⼸ԽĲˣٲӲ⼸෬̽ҵħ̵ĳѨһݱǵͼλȿ
СЩһһˣҶĽӵһִ֮򿪣ֻϾȻһƬڵͼϷš
ͼ
Ҷһڣþ½ͼʲô˼̾˹ĶҲ˵ͷȷǺͼȴΪܶںߣԺͼȻϤ
һ˵˵ͷħξȻѨ˺һϣλͬѰȴ̽鵽ħ̵ĳѨڣ
ŴѪһÿӼжԣһЦŵ٣ħ̹ȻмͣȻ뵽ӶȺۣȻķչ׳ôЩȥħѾ˰ɣ
ħ̾Щְ꣬зְ׬ȡʽ񲻵򣬶һѾ˺ü֧
˻
Щ鶼ǳ͢еĻ飬Ѱǲ֪ģǻʦټȺΪľǽħ̣ҲὫ˵
ϢԴڳ˶֪Լں͵͢ʲôϵĪ˵С£ԼŵݺͼҲǳ͢ṩġ
ڳǾӢеľӢʲô˵ʲô˵Щ֪ã˭ɵȥϢô̽ģ⺣ͼôԵ⡣
ҵںߣ²ٲҵҲʹйأʱõ˺ͼ֪ħ̾Ȼһ֮ϣ֪ͷĻˣ˻ڿͼ⵺жԶȴѾ˺̡
ѾҪٴҪʲôӦʲôԼҪЮһӦԴ
Σ
ҲȶҿڣһֱӾ͵ȥʶң飬Ѿڳ˵Ĺʶˡ
ûʲô⣬ֻҪԶĴ󴬣鷳һЩ
С΢ĴᶼŪҪ˵ʵĴ󴬣ǳ͢սЩѡ
һ˵Ҳֻĵ˾䣺أ
İˮʳȶһеˣͬʱԼһ£ֻʱҪú㣬ǸĽ»δħ̳Ѩҵȱڴ󺣵ˣ
жôΣգ˿û˱зȨȺȻԳ书ǿ΢е㲻ΪȻȴҲûпڷ
ֻҶΪĶĶ΢һһ´µľ룬һʶҵ֪㣬һ˳ĻҪжܹħڵĵ죿
Ҳû뵽һѯʵľȻҶģ΢һ£ҶʵҲʲôϡŹֵ⣬ع֮̾ͻصһ˳ԼĪһҰɣ
һ¡
ҶԼĳϷʱ½صʱǶãҲ벻УںƯһ£вٶҪ׼
㳤ĻҪ׼ˮ֮ģ˻ѪʲôĿɾ鷳ˣԼԼǵöѿƺЧԤֲ֢ȴ֪֪֪һ㡣
Ȼǵһµʱ᲻ɻѪıܾ׼źãο˵طһսںڵĽƣ̸ֻʲôħ̣ű˽𻹲ࡣ
̸ЩԵģǲ²ħЩսͬʱʱӦνħ̡
˼ǵʱ·ĸɱħ̳κһħҲѲˡ
ͻֱðϧҶ΢ᣬȻϯȴûʲôȨοⷬθڡŹħһһ䡣һͨ˺·ýħ̽һɶ


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һȺЩرɴģҶû˵ϼ仰һٷĹ򣬾Ѿö
λȥɵӣȻֻ꿪׼һӦ㼴ħ̣
նҵ˼ҪѰ쫷ʹʵˣѾ죬ڹñ㼴붬ʱǸպá
ǿǵŶûȥһͬʱźóԱճýиŵʱ䡣
ջʦһ˵˼α㲻óˣȴħ֮£غ²Ȼ㲻ʲôɣʦȥ֮Ҳûʲô֣ҲԸһౡ֮
ǵɵȷûʲôսӸɴħ˶ڣܹвٽڣλȻգҲЩ˷ʱ䣬ЩӣҲħ̣
˼ִˣҲٶȰֻ˾˸壬Ϊ²ԼɶԲˡɵ֪ۿûûͷˣǼӱͲôɫӲҪμӴ˴ж׼ħϡ
ڳ֮뵽˴ǻʦһˣѰ˼ŵʱҪסһУȴ֪ҶҲںѩʱ·ǱһҲ˵Ժǰĳŵ
˼ɽ˻ţӦʲô̫ʧȻǵǿɽ˶Թ˲ϾǾû취ˡ
ҲҶûϵڶǶǼԼɽȻ׵ٴӳϵܶҪʱա
ȺУֻɽĽԶҪʱãһжֻܰɽ˵гšοʦ֣Ǹ֣ǿжҲкܴӰ졣
ȻԽԽãҲὫҶĸˮˡΪʦһϿҶĵʵ
һ˼ȴû˵
Ǳ˾ħ֮ʵѳ׵ƽ𣬼ν˾ͽ˾ˣҲ׼᲻ð˾ң˾ռ֮ļ¶ˡ
ҶᣬЩ뵽ȦӣԺҲ½˼̳УԼϹȥҲǴ˴αں⣬Ҳܸһӡ
Ȼ֪ԼϼһҪҶģѰ˼˷ȥӦԼأ
̫С˷㲻˰ɣѾˣοԺҪ²˷ҪϺһ
ʣ¼Ľڳò⣬ӵǿһ
ɭıҲȥˣѩҶһԼĽ顣
ɭ书УȥҲοɽټļҵҪ㣬ɲɽ
ϹҲ书УϷǸۣɽϡֻӲ֪᲻ʵʵĴɽУο˴Χħ̣ϹҵҲˣѾͷ治֪᲻Ը¡
Ϲ͵ʳڣڷܺѧｫ͵Ĺѧ˲ȥǴ𹦶ˣһֽ͵ķ緶˳˧ʱʱܳȥմǲݵģ굹˲ٷծжһСɵѾͷܵɽϹ͡
ʱͻЦصѵݵĹﶼ𱬵ô˵Ļգȴƫ֪η
ȥʵҲô˰ˣϾǴ˷ִļӣֻҶû뵽ǣִҪʵѾˣĴеҪжġ
ΪԼɽȻõ̶ϯλһƬЩ۵ļһһ
ͨͨûУ
Ҷ΢ͷһһ֮󣬷ͻʦҲԼĿ⽻ͷȻԼ΢΢һЦʲôһ
ĪϹȺЩͨ
ԽԽˣĽ˻ɽƮƮĵõһõϯλҪ֪һʱЩ֪УҲʾһֶΡ
˵Ϊ˰ԼҲãߴ˶Ҳãǲĵõϯλ
㾰ʵһЩ
ү֦
Ҷţ½һŰõ֦ݵҶĵߣҲûѰ˼Ͱ֦ҧ˳㻹ѻָ֦һ˽ȥҧŷ֣ƺ˵㶫ͷ΢΢һǡָһ£ΪʵйæͰָ˻
Ҷתͷۻ£ͷԼָǱҶĸղŵĶһҶȻ⼸ûռˣĿŵĵǵһΡ
ǡڴʱҶͻȻñķ䣬һɱϮ
ɱ
תͷֻѩɷһ˫۾΢΢ţн̺䣬Ҷֵһõ֦ʦã֦

һ޹״ʦѩҲΣοʱĿҲúʦֳܣֻùԹ콫֦ҧֻСҲҶĵָʲҶһҲȫǹġ׼Ҷ֦ʲôʱģȴҶĽùָ֦˱£ָʲŻԼ촽ȾһƬ̺죬ͷĳ֦
Ҷ󿴿µͷڹĵԼָҿѩͷ֦²֣һõĿʼ
뵽ţһֱƽƽִͻȻһֱԼλϰܵͻȻԾ̨˵ĵĺܰҶŲĳ漸Σ
мĿ۵¼ֵĽȺ˳ҲӢۿɽŵֶΣ
һһֱһЩһãЩɽɲ˳ˣΪһ˺ͻʦķԸ޷ɽսȴ֪ΪɽҲΧħ̵УʦɽԪʱٳʧǾ͸鷳ˡ
ֻǧ㣬ûϵͻȻôһȻȥҪҶıԡĻЩСɺɽһأЩֻ˵ɽɵһЩӣȴܴĹҶġ
ҶļķЩԪҲްҪǺһ
һ˺ͻʦһֶۣԷüͷ͸¶һЩΡ书ǿƫϲƵļһҲΪ
Ҷһ㶣Ҳû뵽ͻȻôһֻɽվ̨棬˫ңңԼɹ΢΢Ц⣬ȴżֲм
վһԾƮƮ̨ϣҶ΢֣ĵ˾䣺ȻųҶĳԵ㣡
һҶŹȻˬ죡
ҶҲ𻰣ֻ䱸ǰЩӲź;Žɹ˼У˽⵽Щжĸ־ǸʲôΣµԼԲĶֻ֣ΪҪȡαĿ֮¶֣ѡôһʱ
ʱɱ֣ƻʦһ˶ӲŶԡ
Ѱ˼ţֻλҲĪҪţĳλҶŲʲôϸףҲʲôԹִ΢һֻǱдˣ
ô˵Ҷȴ֡ԲһϲԼȻִڵˣƽʱ̬ΪӦǸԸ԰˼µ˲Ŷԡ
ֵֻҶŹʮУҶΪΣ
ã
벻ףɴ㲻ȥ룬ҶĵͷӦȻںƣ룡
һ̧֣ɽɵӱ㽫Լ˳ǱʺֻһӣûȥһתһצƣǱͺƱʲôһֱС
֮Ĺ򣿡
Ҷһ֪ԼΪͬȫƾھ񣬽Ӳϡֻһ֣Գ֮
һ֣ڳ֮һ˺ͻʦһɻ󣬿иġסһ
ڴʱֽһ̧˾䣺˴ֻд裬ĳʹһҶŵĽ
Ҷһ׶ԷȻǹòóԼ֣ĵȷȷֻҪһͬʱҪȽԼ㲻ý˴ˡ
Ҳã
ָֽһǱλǰĳͻȻһ󳤽ǺһʶɵкͻȻһתֱӷɵҶ
һ֮ޱȣȻɲܶԵУװˣ˧ٺʲˡ
ȺвûȥһִᣬֻɽɵľӽҶҲ֮ţʱȴɲ˲š
Ѿ书˰ɣ
٣Ĳ书˵񽭺һ˾Žóı֮ô
ô书ӦŶԣֻλҶΪβԵأ
һͷȴǲ֪ҲҶŵûң
һԱ˲ͱϹ˵ҶóĹһͽʩŽľѧòȻòˣʲûҶ̨ʱûôֻ˵ҪȽҶŲŽȡ
ɻе˴ʱһȻԭˣ
վңңԣҶҪУȴȻͻȻǰһԾϳһתɽɵʥʮһӦֶǳȻ죬ȴûн籡ҶֻǱԶѣȴȻⳤȻֱȡԼҪ
٣ɲҪԵӣҶһ𣬾һȶʲôè壬ϳҲһתʹϤȫ潣ԵС
ȫ潣Ȼƽƽ棬ȴƽȣֻҪ򹻣ʹ˲˵ˣҲ˲Ҷļȫ潣סȻѰ˼Եġ
ֻƹƹһ죬˳϶עһ󽻻֮󣬲ҾȻûа𻵣һ棬ϰصĽͺҵйĿӣһƬҶ⧲ЩϱĽɨ
ÿҶһۣȻûд˳ȴҲעʮֺʵһ½ȫλģٽҲԼȥͬ⧲£ϾȻγһСڣ
ԶƲҶôȻƵһȴ
Ĺûôɣ
ǼǰֳȺƶɲľ֣Ľβһ־Щ˲ʣ
ȳĸָͽοȫԼģǸʲôˮˣʵڹŹ֣Ī֣ͼʲô
Ѱ˼һϳһ裬ͬʱһʹȴǱʥʮһӸ߼ƽ
ֻǳ಻ƫۻԵͬʱк͸ǻһƬ
ҲѧҲд裿õԾҪҵҶӦţͻȻһһƬ˪Լƻδ͸ǵĺȻľѣһʵư̾ͻữ
ҶҲһһתϾȻԳһɫͷʹǽʮеһС
ֻҶһƣǡûĳϣҶֻĵһ֪Ǻ֮ԼԤϵĻǿֻԼ⽵ʮƸͰԵƥÿһĳȫԸ
һǷĳڸţδȫ±Ҷ⽵ƵƾУеĺ̾ͱǽƵĵ˶أͬʱһǿԵľֱӳԼС
ҶȻ˸ͣǿžеʹζȻһתʲʹĽоȻͻȻһ䣬ֻһתһ֮£ȻܵҶͬʱʲδŵĽбֱȡҶҪ
ȴҶһ꣬ȴʹһСβƺϵܵԼһ㡣֮¾Ȼ˷Ӧ˴ʱֽҶⷴһƽʵʵĴؿϡ
һƻУֻûһ𣬺òǿµһѪ͵˳ͬʱȥǱҲҲסһ˵ϡ
Ҷһе֣תŵڵϵ˵˾䣺㲻㵽˭


198 ŽѰ
ڵϣѾʧ˳ְԼؿڣǱҶĽʵʵеλãǻⲻͣðѪһſڣڵݶѾȾ˺ɫ
Ҳ˭
ҶļϣֻǲмƳһۣ֪ǺˣȻ㲻Ը˵ôȥɣ
˲˭һʣǾһλ϶ǺҶйڵˣҲǵˣϲĿ֮ԼսͼȡԼ
ûϵҶľȻôɴ䣬ֱȡԼʺʧɫ֮һҶһȻ˳ҪվȴһҶѾ۵Լǰͬĳһɫ˵ĺÿޱȣλȴһ
ȥ֮伸գۼ飬ȵ˻عҶɫѾݵǸǰʧɫ֮£æ˫ҪмܣȴҶһתСһšһȻڰ;ת˸䣬ֽʵʵؿϡ
һλñͱҶĵĽˣƵƾͰԵ߹Ƕ˼ʱֱҶУѵ߹ЩθСɼӹһ٣ԴȵľҲ˵ľʹѵʹǺȾ
ʲô书
ӡҶĵ书·ȻӣҲû˵һܷųƾĹʱ֮󣬷ȾȻܹڵԼĺ
һƴ꣬ҶļԷѾսüͷһЦŵ֪֪㲻ô
˲𣬵˼֮ؿڿҶĵ͸¶棬Ҷһ飬ǵǰҶĳֻǲ²⣬ȴԿ϶ˣȻ̬˵Ĳ书ȴü٣
һ֪Լ¶ţʵ޷ŷδҽ֣֪ĳĹ򾿾Σ
ҶһҶĳûŽ֣Ÿ¾һˮƣҶĳǼǵģ
һͻȻһ㶣漴Ȼǵĺ
ҶҲǻǣֻǵţµĺʢȴʧ֮ʵǴһĿȻ
ԭҶһˮƺ󣬾Ͷһ˼Ϊ̵ӡ󣬰ھ֮ʵټŽɱԣŽɵ澢Ҳľ
λһ֣еĺȻСȴ⣬ѰҲͰˣƫƫҶΪùСúȪ⺮ΪУһ±쳣
ԼһƱ㽫˴ĵɳȥȷҶĵĲ²⡣ֻƾھˮйעĺ֪˵书ǿᵽʲô̶ȣĿܱԼһƴ򷢵
Ȼô⹦ɱȲʦְֻ⡮ԼһƣӲקһƤȴǴһƤߡʱԳĿȻʦ֣
һֳݣȺһ˽Ҳ˽ɽɵڸʲô
ֻЩȴӰ첻̨϶ˣҶһɽɵ֣һüͷԵ֪֣˾٣Ϊ
֣ΪʦܣҲǼΪǿɽҲǲףʶ˸֪ж٣ҶıΪĳ͵ѧɽɹħˣֱɱ˱á뵽Ȼ֣
ͬʱʦһҲüͷ壬Ƴݣȴ׼֣Ҫʲô
ʵ֣һ֣ʦһ˾ɣɽɵֽ֣ģ⽣һȻסϤˡҪҪ̨ȥ˷ֿ뼸֮侹Ȼͷʤ֣ҶĴѪ˵Ҷĵĺëû˵
һ¶˼Ҷ书֮ǿᣬƺԶ֣Ϊûйϵ
ҶĴʱҲȥģħ˳֣ûйϵ˶ûʲôҪҳһˡ
֣ٺһЦʵҶźù¸ʰ·磬ϧ֣ĳûʦ֮ԣ˽ԾҪ͸½һ˽һܣ
һ仰ͽƲ˳ȥֻԼҶԲҪǼƺҲ޷ð顣
ΪһЩ£ʦҹȥ׼ȥˣԱ֣ĳٰһտɵӣȵзأ
һ仰ȥͬʱǣ̸Ĵ£һ¾Ͳ˵ȥˣڳЩͷ˶֪Ҳȷ˵Ĺȥ
ɽɾԶǰ뿪ҲУͬʱΪ˲ִԼͻȻȥ֦ڣԼʦٰܼԼҲûʲô˵ġ֣ͻȻҶսԼԼҶĲŻһ飬ҲǺûʲô⡣
ûôҶľͲš
ʲ֣֣оһҪȡԼģֻ²˵ֻ̫Ӧ䣬Ȼԭˣ֪֣˷񣿡
ҶӦҲˣҶһʣ֣еҲסҶ˵ͺһµСһ㣬ԼǸµСһ
ֻһ뵽ԼȷˣҲǺʵʱֻŲЦҶŹǿ֣ĳĽؿ̨ȥߵҶԵʱƺҪ˵Щʲôδڣɫ͵һ䣬Ȼ̨صɽɵλеϢ
Ҷĵȵ̨֣ͻȻ̨ĳһۣȻʩʩȻĴ̨£ʱ˻ɽΪʲôͻȻȥҶǺ۵Ķû˵Ĺע
ֻҶĸղĵطһͻȻġ١һȻ˲뿪˻᳡
Ҷ̨صɽɵλ֮ǵطһۣʱѾǿһˣ֪ѾȥȴԽɻ
ʲ̨ϣΪȫȫ䱸֣ߵԼʱ̬仯۵ףΪλõĹϵоһԼྭ֣ĶС
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֣ɫʵҶĵĲ²⣬ķҶҵǸ֣ˡֻһۣƳ˾˭
Ȼû뿪
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ʱɽɵУ֣ĵȴʦֹȻû뿪ʲô˼
Ϊ֪ԼΪԼһһԼʦֵƿ֮£ɽ飬ҲԼʦֹԼ͸Լôһᡣ
뵽˴֣ϵĺ£ʱͽ͸ͬʱͷҲǺ£ĵǾĲ֪롣
ʦ֪٣Ѳȫ֪ˣΪʲôװ֪ĪҲͬҵ
һһ֣𣬵ȴʼͷҲ𰸣ֻüϢȽҶĴ˵ľκá
ҶģȻô֣ҧҧ߹ϴľʹҶޱȵԹޣ㣬˽Ϲ֮𣡡뵽˴ǰһ䣺ʲôҲ£Ȼ֪СӺʲôϵܹǸ
ԹޣɽʱȻͲѺãȻֻżһۣǱҶĲ˸š
һΪʲôɽɵ鷳
ȥҶ뵽ܱǵɱӵľˣϴִƳ͵Ṧ·󣬲Ŷɽɱĵ⡣
ѵ޹أ룬ҶľƷ²⣺޹أһﲻܵõôһսĻᣬһпƺ̫ɺˣ˳ⰲŵģ
˴𰸣ȴʵ㲻ϺãͬʱƲĵطҶĵƣ˹ˡ
ΧƲԵȴƵһѩҶԴºϵδɢ֪Լʦϵʮأʱĵ˾䣺ʦֵôˣ
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һȻûȴѩüͷĸߣܽл㾪ɼƵȷصĽ
ҶȴЦŵ£֣ıǺȻǿᣬȴ⺮κβң
ԭҶ֣һƣȻƾ轵ƵİԵƾ֣еĺ˻ȥвٺ뵽ֱеľһԼʹ֣ؿϣҲڵĺԷ壬Լбд治ĺӦ²Щ˺
ҶĲǲ֪ʱ̾ͽƳҲЩ飬ת£ԼУֱӾͿԽ£ʱҲǲ٣Ųܲ˵ĽУֱӽ֣޻֮
֣Գݣûɱ֣ôԼȫƾôһ˱еһԼ޼ĸ֡
ת֮Ҷָֽ˹Ҳʲô״һ£ֻȻ΢΢еҲΧ֮ڡȴûҶĵڻת޸ϱ˵ľ
ֶ˶ʾһԼѾ£Ҷ˼ĶɽɾҪʲôһΧħ̣ɽɻ᲻ʲô
νɻıЩ飡
ԽԽⷬΧħ̵ǰĲħʵ£ڲһȵأȺܽħ̸ô
ⲻҶ룬ʦһҲ룬ͷԼλϣʱʱһǱߣüͷľ͸ˡ
ʲô˼
˶һֶۣԷһûд𰸣һ˵ȴ˼ˣϵɽһˣɽɵҪʲô
ʦȴףɽʲô˼ͶӦԵķӣȻԲӦ䣬ɽɳУ
һȴͬ⣬ֻɵȣʵ̫οħ֮δϢýħ֮ǰ壬̸ħ̣˵˴һͻȻɫ䣺ɽĪǺħǣ
ʦʱҲ뵽һ㣬ʵԿ϶˼Ϊ԰ƽʱҲ˽˵٣ɽλƫԶô̽ѯһ˭Ҳ˵׼
ߵۣҲǵ̽ţֻ޼˵ȴǣɽŵĹˣ
ҵ˵ͷǰ˲ֺƽ֣ɱܻѷֺһȴԼм֣
а˼ԼĹֺҲڲ֮䣬ҶӦҲƽɫֻ֣֮Ҷǽ̫ԵԼܷӦԵסʱ̵ĲҶŽļ󣬲ܾãԼϸ첲ȣҲó־սƾһԺĵľ棬˭ȳŲס˭Ͱ
ԼȥӲסҶȭž͵£ͷƷԵƼôԶҲܸо
Ȼֻƾͽ֣ѪɶƷԵǿĽǺȻģۣȴǰƸӡ̡
ʤڵƷǼҵмأ
ֻ޼һ䣺ŹƷ֮ԣ˵ֳһ֮ɫ˵ͽŤһԣ࿴һҲǲԸȴûʤޱԹҪһ


199 
ִһƬбĻεִνƽƽϡ档ΨһĻҲҶ֣һսˡ
ɽ˵ǣҶļ¾ʹ֣Ѫнжɽڵĵλлɵ˱졣
һЩɽɣҪûҵ鷳ĶɴʱԹԵı죬ڿ֣ӺЩ˲Ϊǻȥɽɽа塣
⽭ԽԽûˣ
һҡͷ̾뿪˻᳡ҵ֣ͷƵɽɵ϶һѹեЩ˵ռ䡣
ǰǼɣǰʣҪͣջ֮⣬༸ɶѾγ˹ģѾյˡ
ԲҪ뽭ȴõ˾ͻὫĿתЩãҲмֱɵС
ɽǿֻڷչ׶ΣҪյӣһ¾Ϳܽ󲿷Դȥ⼸ЩССĹҪһˡԼޣָһЩŴ󻧵ˣ׬ʦЩǮ˳ɶᱻɽȥҲܺȵʣˡ

̾һκɽʵѾǴһΣԵĲ˵ֻҪɽҶһ˳֣ȺûһĶ֣㲻׵ҲӮһƽ޹ʺɽɽɳҡ
ɽܺЩͬУҶ书ǿ⣬ΪɽлѩԼûֹ͡Ҷڼ书ʦʦü㲻Ҳ͵һ㡣οǰˮƽǶҲѾСǿǵֵɽɵĵλűθһأֻҶһ˳ų棬ǲǺЩһλˡ
ڶ཭ͻһڰ˾ȥֻüɻڴ˴ҶĻصԼͥԺ֮ͻȻֲʣֱӾͻصв̽
֣Ѿˣ
Լд״Ҷĺƣ֣ĺȻǿᣬӦûдõģĺҲŻữο֣
ϴ״ܹ鲻Ǽ£صŴգҶıĿϢȫתƣԽԽ࣬ľȻӶ˴ʱֻɫǰĶƲС
ĶȻѩվſȥȴֻƼһƬƬƣʲôƲҪﴳκβſǰһƾȻӦһ㣬ȻԼָҵǿὣһɨȵѩòͬʱʹŽ⼸ɫ
ƼǼɫ֣ҶΪλͻȻѩ
ֻѩҲһɻ󣬵ǼֵȷɣǼƺʦĪʦڳأýסԼһҵƣҲδ̫һ㣿
Ѳʦڳأ
ȴ֪ʱҶڳأ֣İ㡣Ϊ˺ûʲôˣ뵽ﾹȻԼһʱ֮¾ȻС
ɶ񣬺оȻ𶾣
ʼǱؼҶľȻûвԼԾƣвԱ𶾲һԼǱضãȻĳһʱͻȻ
ôľ
Ҷʹȫȴ޷𶾾Ƴ⣬ֽƻҶĵȥĥǰһ̻Լ̷ѨεԼһҪ仯⣬ȻֱܵѨȥˣȥץܵѨ޷ֻýȫƳ⣬һƬƬƣȻ壬һء
𶾼ȻĴУôһ´ҲˣҲˣҶĲŻֳô󶯾ǵѩµޱȽŵ⡣
ڻ·Ӧ죬ѩˣʱϲܽ˲ų״ȽסŲźã
ѩңʱŷӦ̷Ըסţ˵ʦݲ͡˵һƽ飬ֲϣΪʲ
ֻһ㲻ϵĳãϾֲ˼ɽŰݷãǻñչڱ˼ҲֻµϢѣʱ̫˻ɡ
ϣʦû£
źһУѩֻܽŰͰ͵ҶӣʱͻȻ֣Ǳӿӵƺ
ҲæοģүȻµģǸղ֣һսʲôأ
ѩ˵ͷҲôԼϣ˰ɣ
ҶĴʱ˵˵һ˿һ˿ĽɻڣȻÿһ־´һȻ½Ǵʱȴ˲ôˡ
ܽĪľǾ͵Լһըʵڽİʧ㹦ҲܷŹһ
ֻݵԽԽСҲͣƬֻ̾һɫһţȻ󽥽ԽԽϡԳһٹһʧҶϣһɫͣתʱѾ۾Լ
͵һƣҶƽʱʹûʲôͬϸᷢɫƺһ͸ڵľͣ䡣
תҲıСڼĺ֮ɫҲԽ˿ȵֻƴС֮ʱȴѾһ͸ڵҶһֹͣȡеľһԼƾȻϸϸꡣ
ں쾢Ȼͬҵںľʼûôǿ󣬵ȴԻûһԭϻ͸¶һЩɫҶĶôһᣬһɫҲѾʧɢ׵ĳ˺֮ɫ
⾿ʲô򣿡֮£˵˳Ҳûָ˭ܻش뻰һڣֻſڴһ֮𹦣
Ҷ̧ͷһֻʦԼѩһվſڣһصĿҶɫ
ԭҶ˹֮ʱʦǰݷãʱҶڴ˵˾Ժ㼴ǡǵȹƬԻڴУʦͲԾˡ
Ѱ˼һ£Ҷ֣ʱʲôˣѰ˼ԼӦȥæйȥѩɷҪİæ
⻰תѩѩ֪ϺвµʲôѰ˼书ǿʶ㣬Ҳܰһ֣Աй
ʦһҶе״ѾʧֱӾ߽뿴Ҷĵô£һݣƼҶǵʦ˼ƣʱûƳʲôԽԽǾȣҶʲź֣֣ѿڱ˵⡮𹦡֡
ʦ֪ʲôҶĿ˿еȻתͷͻʦ䣬һ̾
ʦֻǲ²⣬벻ǻƣ
ʲֻһ˵ǷʵȷʵĵϣԼĲ²Ǵģκι۲һͬʱҶļֻεȷħˣ
𡭡ħʲʦֻ𹦣ʱôֶһ֣ȻԼľԣȷħ֡ޱѲ⣬һɱ
ʦҲƳҶĵʣ͵𹦣ɽɵľѧֻŹҪɵĻȴǼѣҪǺ£ͬʱҪ޵£ߺһɣ
𹦣Ҷû뵽ǳĹȻɽɵĹ򣬶һǺͱǺͬһԴ
ʦЦˣҶŻͳṫҴҲ˽⣡ṫһŹֻṫֻǽŵĳ˼£㲻ɳ𹦣
˿ҶģʦֱʵṫʵҲ޷湦ɼ˹֮ǱǺҲһ޶ɽҲֻһǽűǺɣ֣߰ڶ㲻ɣ
ŹֿѾҪһǸϼѣ˹ͼΪ֮⣬ŹˣȻܹɣڰǰѾʧڽˣ
ҶüȻĻ˻ֻһʳڣ֪Լʵİ׳ˡŹֻûɣֲϰʧɱǺͬʱṫܵõ𹦵ž֪деģֻᡣ
뵽֣ṫƺɽˣ𵱳ṫ˵Ļƺʲôף
ʦЦЦȴΪܹ֮ɽֹһڧ
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ʱɽΪþ񹦣λս䣬۳žҪưˣ˳һžֻרעһźߵ𾢣ǱǺ𹦵
󣬱Ǻͳڽдʣɽưܵأɽ˾˲񹦲ֻ֣һţȴɺһšΪֻһžҪʡʱ䣬Ҳ΢һЩͬʱܹסɽɵĽλ
ֻʱǺɽڵĳͻɽԼȴ
ôźͽ֮һֻɽɸһЩ׷ôĸУ
ƺҲƳҶĵɻֻڵҲǺֻ֪ڼ仹кܶףȴɽ˲֪ܵˣȴǲģֻ֪ɽڧҴսһǿǺһ߻ʤΪµɽɣǺҲɽɵɹ
ǳ𹦾ڽˣ
ʦҡҡͷҲɽɵľѧڽɽڻƱܵģֻǵʱ𾢵ɽûлɽŵϢ»ȥֱͬӶҲṫҵˣṫҲŻᶮó𹦡
Ҷĵ˵ͷԭƺкܶûн͡
ʦô˵ӦǸ񹦷ŲŶԣ㡭ҶĿǽСĺںǺɫɫȴԽ仯ҶüͷȻһֵ㷢΢һţȻеͷΣסֵɢ
ʦҲƳһǺں͵ɽȻֹЪһźһŵķ޷ԼҾѧֻҪһžɣôҲݲðһŵˡҪǿĻּΪ߻ħ书ȫϣֱӱ
Դɾѧ֮ɽҲвٲǹ֮ЩԵķӺýɣʮǰһλǰѰ˷ӣֻԼɵѾԭ񹦴Ϊͬˣ
ָָǶʦҶѾˣ
ҶĵͷеĺͻȻ뵽ö
λǰķӱǽ趾Ծ޶֮кͶһı𶾾⾢Ȼԭǿᣬȴƹ֮һ⣬һ᲻ͣڶԷ˵λǰԴ˹˲ٽͬɽԼҲݲλǰһϵʦţ
λǰԴɵ𹦱㱻˳Ϊħԭ񹦣


200 
ħ񹦣
ҶԼ°ͣʱϵĺΪѾɢҶһɢƮһ㣬ҲɢڿУҲûټ
ô˵֣ıħˣ
ʦ˵ͷҶʲ֣ħӦŸոСɣԺΪͬʱö︨ϰ𶾾ںУڻ𾢲ɣ־϶Ϊһ֮ǰŹ㲻ɣ
ҶҲһŹûɾѾô鷳޵ˣ
ӻʦŹǰԴħݺὭȴ֪αסģһ򶼱ϵ
Ҫ˵ԶɵĹ˶ϹֵŻ󷨣ҲһĹ򣬶о޴ķãȴ֪ħû⣿
ʦһ˵λҲͷһ룺һȴδţɽɶħĪԱȻһЩ¼ȴҲֻôţ֪꾡
˵꣬ͻȻƵصҶҪ֪ĸ꾡ǰܹʵһЩ
ΪٵϽӼֱǵֵĻٿȫ飬ջʦ˵ʮǰ飬ӵʱ׳֪꣬١
ȴżȴӻʦʳʳһ˵ģҶѰ˼һ£ʵȻ֣ϰħҶĺޱȾϰӣǱ׼ݴﵽ˼£ܹ
ʦʱҲüͷ壺Ҳ뷨ֻûȷ¶ԣ
ҶļʦƺҲǴΪģɽɽ֮ٽĥͷҪʲô飬ħ˭ֹס
һ˲˳ĬҶĺͻʦüͷѩ״̲ڣתԵȥˣʦǰ񹦵ʱڳ˶ɫһ䣬Źʲôã
תԴҲԻֵգѩһ⣬뻰һڣʦüͷšȴˡ
ŹҲǼʮǰѾʧĹΪѾʧˣﾹȻ
ŹôȻ񹦣Ҳû˿ħ֮ûʲôаŵĵطɣֻһ𶫷ʤԼҺͶ޼Լ˵̬ȣҶľ;þԲô򵥡
ʦ̾һŹҹ·Ҳûʲôа֮ȴ֪ʲôԭ򣬷Ź޲Դ䣬ΪһȻʹĺܣȴ͸Ź죬ħҪаż֣
˵ֵǶʤǰҲȻֻǲִһƳҲȫȻӣҲ֪ǶʤǲǺǷʲôϵ˵˴ֶҶĵǡҲȥǰ飬ҶſҪͬУ
Ҳã˵ͷҶҲȥãҸҪǣʣԺܾûʵˡ
ҶӦ£ʦҲϻֱߣҶҲһֱӸȥѩ˿Ȼٻͷƻ£ҲȥŵʱڵӺúϢŻ㲻Ҫˡ
ܾһһҼ͸һֹ죬ʵڽİ
ɵҶĺͻʦɵӵӵķ䣬ֻͷϣ΢΢ͷĿŷҲ֪ʲôÿġ
λ˰ƺϵ˻ѰӺڵһ㡣
ǰǰ֪Ҫ
ǰʦҲ÷ŵ̬һǰʺһֻ֮ǸƣĵĪҪˣɣȻ̾˿Ҫߵͷˣܶ鶼Ѿͨ͸Ƿİɣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷɽħ
һҲ΢΢һħĻšҶħİ㣿
ϵʦѰϸǷ飬ֻû뵽ȻôҶһͬǰʱֻʦȥҶģʱԲŻˣҶĴʱһڣ֣ҶĲŽ֡
Ҷĵ˵ͷСħĵĽҺ֣ûŹɣ󰭣
Ҷģ֪䲻Ǻ˵֮ˣ֣ǹȷħɣͷÿ֣ĹûңɾѰˣ漴ֵҶžȻܹħ޵ľҪ֪ħҪͷ۵ıǾԲȵ߷죬Ѿˣ
ҶЦЦµмֶ֮־һͷ״
룬ҶĻ壬Ҷŵڹȷ޷֣ħûɣ״Ҳ㲻ʲô˵ͷҶ֮£
˵һǷģɴĵȻλǷΪϷһˣ
ʵŹҲ㲻а칦һɣѸ磬𣬱öˣ޷ǵ񽭺һһ񹦷
˵˴ͻȻ̾һֻǴ˹ϰ֮ʱ̫ʹܹ࣬ͦȥֹȥҲΪõʹĥԴ䣬ŻһĻĻҾ磡
ʹࣿ
ӵ˵ͷûʹ࣡漴һ飺ǻʮǰʱϷһɾͣȻʲôֵһˣҲſԽס񽭺κθֵĸУ
ⷬһû˾ڴţʦ֪ɵ书طأǻתԲȲ˵ˣǻȻҲз֮ãҪˮƣһ׼ط֮µƷʮʽоʽڷʣһʽҲΪԹء
˵ԼԽκ˵ĸУȷ㲻ǿ֮ԡ
ϷЩĳԿñǷ
һʦɫͻȻ侪ĪʮǰнĻӣ漴ֵԣһûñ㱻Χ˳ǰʮǰĪǡ
ǵʱûȫɷĻӡʱ򻹲ӦóΪӣȻʱѾ仯ȴһò
ӵʱҺǻûɻӵ˽ְУϵŰ֣˼ɱңֻԼɣǱ㽫ԼϰŹϸһһ˵˳ʱҲ֪Źôֲ
Ҷ˸ȥǿ٣˵طҪŹ򲻾͵óԸˣ
ˡʦɫһ䣬͵Ƕʤı仯ȵŹܽ˱Ůӣ
ӲֻǼ˵ţŹȡ֮⣬д֮⣬Źÿһ̶ȣϾһ㣬ֻתͬʱᷢ츲صı仯׽͹ǡϴ跥ëȵ֮һΪĹۣ
ԣŹԸԼûκƣֻҪܹͦһδ׽͹ʱľ޴ʹ࣬ôܹɣ
Ҷ˴ǰ׽ˡϱԣֱBUG񹦰
ƺǿҶĵıֱӵĪҪΪǺ£Ҷһ£ϵĳԼľһδεĸоԼĹͷȻٽһʲôĸоֻҪԳʹ࣬ҲҲѲŹȻƸԣȴǴ޷ɡ
ҶһݣҲǻһ顣һһֱΪ׽͹ʲô£ǿиıʵΪǽԼһЩ֯´ɢŪһôȷ㲻϶ô顣
Ӽ˵ʱֻһ䣬ȴյʹ࣬ʹʱ򲢲ܲữجʱ̵ĥ׹һʹ࣬ƫ޷ֻܵȵ۾
ҶĺˣҲЩ˻жֲҶ֪֪ʶֱֻĥεʱʱʵʱٽһ»㡪û㣬ΨһĽ۾Ȼֻգȴ֪˶õĥ
ӵĻȴֻǿʼ֮ʸǶ𹦷ҲԽ٣ǴʱŹԣԣķӳǽŹϡŹһ߱䣬Ҳ˵ҪߴΡ
ͬʱÿһζǰһҪϸʱ䣬ÿһܵʹ඼Ҫǰһǿࡣ˵ʱԣһҪ죬ڶҪʮ죬Ҫʮһ죬ıҪʮ죬ɵ䣬Ҫʮ죡
ҶֻѰһ뵽Ҫʵʱʮ˯ߣһجβϣʹ಻˯ߣʵǺëһԵѩԾץסĸ첲
ǽĻȴû£ֻи£⻹ʲôȵ˵䣬Ҫһʮʱ׽͹ǣڼܵʹǰμҪĶ࣡һȴҪİپʮ죡
ӽһʱ䶼جȹʦҲǵһţ˾䣺ǵҲˣ
˭ΪŹ˶Դˣ˭ʹ඼һӣҪôˣҪôѰһѡ
Ѱ֮ѾٷǻҲһ޶һҪҲֵǰزֻǵѪȥȴˣϷΪҲѰѰˣҪ޾جκʹ࣡
ͻȻɫ䣬æʵǰ˵ǻӲûнһ䣿
ӵ˵ͷΧ˻ϷҲڣǻϳϷ׿ڳԼֻ˵䣡
ʦǻڽи꣬ٸֶ޿κΣȻûнŹһ㡣
ֻӼŹıԽԽӽŮӣһǰȴ㲻ŮˡҲҲǸˣķˣҲ˼
ʵۣ˴ʺͬʱҲָӵͼڣָŮԣֱ㰵ָϰ˹ɺ󣬿϶ữɷˡҲŮӡ
ŹƫֻǹǿķԽȴԽӽŮӣʱֻʧÿһμ֮ξԽӽŮӣֱȫΪһŮˣ
˵ǶʤǶҵĶӻԣѾŹϣǱǱͳ㣡
ĲڵǶʤǰȻòڣȴҲŨŮ
˱ԵǱⶫʤѾŹˣʱѾΪӽŮӣһҲѾС
Ҷע⵽˵ֻҪɱ㲻ŮӣֻҪһһҲˣʤҲֻǼΪӽŮӣô˵ⶫʤ¾һвŮĹѹֶҵ˶һı鿴ʱƺ޷ôǰʱֵ
˽ܽ˱ŮܽɷӵĹ򣬼̸ɽɵħҶʧǣħƺûжطɵ⣬ɽλǰȷǲǹˣĹѾޱȵ
ʦ˱ȥϢҶĲ߳һˣһոջڱ̸۵ˡʤ


201 Ҳ޷
ֵܣ
Ҷļʤվǰͣ½ŲҴ˸кֻһھ;ޱȵıŤƺôôأ
ͬʱԼͻȻѩݺһ󣬹ѩȻˣ΢е㲻οɫѺڣλȴվҲ֪ΪʲôԭѲǹǣ
ʲӵһѩֻǷ˶Ƿӣ㱾裬һ֮Ҳһӡһǰ˭ţѩȻ书ϾǸŮӣ뵽˿ͻȻˣеš
ѩǰסҶĿʵ֪Ҫ
ڵҶţ
ҶĻû꣬ʤֱӾͿ˵˳ͬʱҶԼѩĸ첲Ҷ˵Щ֪Ҷпз񣿡
ֵȻûоܾĵתͷѩʦȻȥɣҺͶֵ˵仰ٻȥͬʱʹ˼ɫʦ÷ģϾڵ̣ⶫʤҪҲѡôط
ѩ˵ͷȻĴӶʤ߹ֻǽ°ֻҪⶫʤʲô״̾Ծ֮⡣ּʹ
ֻԼӶʤ߹ԼĪʮಽⶫʤҲûԼһۣͬʱҲûʲô仯ֻôվԭأѩͷһۣҶĺͶʤûж·ӵģ۷ȥּҶĳ˻֣ȥ߻£ҰѴ̺ã
ʱ˻˼Ц
һ䣬ѩֻлԼɵȻԺоҶĹͬʱ°ԾһʱʦֻûǱҪȥѰҡ
±ţѩԻȻһĵԺ֪ҶĿܳʲô󣬱ҲһүĹ򣬼Ƕʤʲô湦Ҳ׵ı˵ģ
ѩôһο΢˵㣬µοүĺܣԣ϶а취
Ůеĵ죬ͬʱŴŵȴҶĹҶﻹںǶʤ˵һЩӪĻ
ֵ֪ܲѰҶĳʲô飿ʱѩѾûӰӣҶıⶫʤԼΪ£˵˱κνǰղǵһμ棬û˵䣬ƺûҹԼ
ʤȴƣ¶һޱ޵Цݣ̸֮Ҷ
ȥģҶһѰ˼ⶫʤĪͼı죺ǿ˰ɣ
Ҷôʤ̧һס󷢳һЦӦýĶޱȵʱȴҶĻ
ʤʱòһŮ죬Ҷȴ֪ɲʲôˣһı뵽һүǵ˷㱻ΪµʵѬչʱҲеܡ
ҶıܸϡŹֵĶըԽϸߣԵҲûԳʲô״ֻĵ׷ëϻ¶һЦݣʲôµģ»е㺦£
ʤһת䷭ɣһͷ˿Ʈһ䣺Ҷžˣǲǣ
˵һವһ¾ȻѾԾ˰գҶֻǰһǶʤȻԾʮɿ⣬ṦҶļҲһ䲻ľͷʹҲһԾ߰ɣڶʤ
ʤһԾڰ΢΢ͷһƣҶĸЦЦû˵عǰȥݸǽڶԾһζʱȻѾԺֵС
ǰȻݵָԶм죬ȴƲߵʱֲԳʤ֮ǿᣬֻһɫʿĶʤһ⣬תѸֲᱻľӰ죬ÿÿƾҪײһŴˣȴⶸȻһ۱ɴĶ˹ȥͺһƥʶ;һ㣬ವļ¾һ۵֦辶û֡
ٿҶģһдϵμԼԳƣмҲֻһϹʱҲת磬ɣṦҲһżߵĹõŽɵسɴһգ۾ʹﵽ
Ҷ¹ߣṦȴ࣬ȻԴ磬ⲻһЩ۵֦֮
ȱһǶʤһ̴Ϫ֮ǰͣ½ŲȴƬȾֻǺм٣ǽ޵ҲȾһΣȻԽ
ҶһͣΣǼȴ˲ֻǺް쳣Գ书ȶʤҪһοֿ죬ʱϢѾָ۷״̬ˡ
Ҷļûʲô״ʤ޵ҶŵĹȻǿû뵽ҶŵṦҲ㲻ףҵʹɶϵģ
㻰ȴûҶĸеˣʲһʱ׷˹ʱžԼΪ̫çײûº͸ܵû˵ĵطճ
һ룬оʹ˼ֽ䱸ͬʱƮȴڲ鿴ΧĻͿҪõĳ·ߡ
·סҶĳֽֵ֪ܾ˵Щʲô
ʤȴȻһЦͬʱӣȡһ˿峺Ϫˮ΢΢մմȻԼͷϲڵĺˮҶȶȤôͻʦһȥǰϰĹ򡭡
͵˵ҶĲԾǲܵģⶫʤȻ书ĸƤ͵Լ˵̸
ʤȴ˵ǰҿû͵ֻǡǰķ°ˡ˵һָϵԲ
Ҷ˳ŶʤָƳۣȴʤָĲϸ߹ҵԲ£ˮеĵӰ
ϧԲ²һƬӰ˵꾹ȻôϪߣǸȫ޷ҶĲ֪ӦӦΪǿһԽǰȽʱֵĻ˵ǣⶫʤȫ˲֪ˡ
̧ͷҶģʤЦҶŲ֪Ź򾿾ôôԺ˵˵ɣ
ȻҲҶĿڣʤֱ˵ҳŹڰǰʱҲֻʮꡣʱҲʲѧһƱᣬڶҲҪǶҰһţҴҲ޲ڣʱ־ŵȵ˺ɾ书ΪһĴᡣ
ǣҪϰҴѧʱȴΪһĪ˵ҼҴѧͶԾнϸҪ󣬱һЩѰڹҲãԳĴӴ˱һˣԼкͰҲûʲôˡ
ҸͻȻ˵һһžѧǲƾǣףһɣ޵֣һǵո׺֣صĶ˵ŹһɣΪֵһҲָտɴ
Ҽڴ֮ɫӦĵԼֻҪ湦㲻֮ˣԭ־ʵֵĿˣ
˵ʤɫͻȻһ䣬ԭЦݽȥһ㺮˪û뵽ŹȻʹ࣡ЩʹҲͰˣΪ˰׺ֳԳĻסǣû뵽ŹȴұвСŮŮӣҸҲǸϿһֳۣӶҲһٳ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪңʤͻȻվԼǰбһ˺һ¶ǰ۵ļԼһ΢΢¡ҹһۿ˫Ϊô
ۣ
Ҷıĵڣֻⶫʤֻһߵ˰ˣ뵽λ̨𱬣˵˵Żһֳ˺㣬һ֮ЩһѪ̨ǸϽðɣ
ҲǹôΪ˾Ȼһ˵˴ͻȻԳһʲôˣҲѾʧˡԺָܹղ֪ǲܵ顣
ԭȻ˷񹦵ȴ֪ŹʲôԡΪԶܶ鶼ѾԲ֤ҵõŹֻ֮ǲִһȻǿᣬʱо޴ʹ࣬Ѱɱ
ʤͻȾز֮Ȼ˰֮壬ԼӼĶһʧ䣬ʱͻȻȥ˷ѯԼԸԸŹ
룬ֻҪԼгΪֵľģôʹʲôİҲ͹ȥˡؼûд߻ŮӣҲûдǰвŮŮ̬ûдӲ
ʤϰ֮ȻĿ죬ʲԹˣֻǾ˲ڹŲҪĹ򣬼֮ͽ˵һ䣬ļӡֲֿ˰֮ò¿ʼĲ֡ʱ򶫷ʤòûʲô仯ԶҸͲ֪Źԡ
ʤȻԼ֪ĳЩ仯Ǻ¸׽û˵Ͼʱһ꣬һҪ֮˰ףҧȥ
Խα仯ԽԣȵòζԳŮ̬¶ʤһЩ˵ΪӰʱ򣬱ҲȥˡҴ֮ȴΪǶʤĹΪԼĶӲӦԼ¶ӱһвŮĶ
ʼʱ򶫷ҲǹɵģǶʤԼ⣬ԶΪ䵭ȵʤ仯ԽԽԣľȻԽԽŮӣŽȷǹɣʧȥӵʵԽܣԶʤҲ䵭
Ҷ˴֪ҲǱʶжΣΪԼ˼ǲܲŵԼúõһӱģԭӼҶ²ⶫұ뽫һжԼӡ
Ƕ޼ӦǱܵĳڶһȫ޷ų⣬ԭԼϤ׵ܵܣȻͻȻһģȷѽܡ
ڶʤ丸ײԹޣҲΪԼһҪ︸־ԸȥŹ򣬲빦ûɾͱԼñֲҵĴΪʲôҪңһжֵϣίַ޷޲ƽö֮ȻԹޡǼһ㣬ΪһжԼɵģס
飬ҶҲ֪ΰοܲ˵İɣڵ㲻ʲôҲ͸Ů˲࣬ͰĵŮ£ԺҿԺܿ϶ĸ㣬ܶĽĽ
ΪԼⷬ˵ʤЦ֮ԵĿܸһЩԻʵʵı˵ʵھͺˡ
Ҷûʲô˵ô
Լ˵˴죬΢Ҳй˳ȥʤָƷ˿Ȼ½ã˿Ҷģȴɽƽе졣
Ҷ죬˺һֻһ䣺ûʲô˵ģ
ʤҶļԼȻû¶Ӷ֮ɫгԾɲ֪ҶĿ˾öĵָ㲻ʲô
ҶļʤͻȻ˵Ȼ֮ǰǾ仰֮Ƶ㲻ɱҰɣ
ʤΪҪɱ㣿
Ҷ°ͣʱ򲻶Ҫ˵ʲô֪ܣ֮ô
ʤգգۣȻһӦ˲Ŷԣ
ô˵Ҷ䱸ֻȶʤһ״̱֣뵽ʤ˵˾䣺Ҵ򲻹㣡
仰һ¾ͽҶйֻʤղˣ뵽λͻȻðһ䣺Ҳ޷
δ䣬ҶֻǰһȻһƷֱӻԼԺ󡪡ȻһգۼȥҶ


202 20
ϮԺҶȻоȣš
Ѱϰ˵䱸ʱ϶صԼԵ˵һ򣬵̫ܵС˵͵ӰѬյҶȴΪͬ
һˣҶĸϰ߱סԼӽä㣬ԼԵʤȻֹԺʱҪתȥӦԣֻҪѾ׼Ѿͷ˳
ţ
ʤֻûһͣβĶһ£ȥһҲ޷ƵͣƬ̡
ֻôƬ̵ĹҶһƬƣƬƬƻһķЩָȫǶʤʤʱ֣ôⲻ˾ͻὫֱ۶ҶǻʳƬ
٣
ӰԼжʤһתͬʱֱۻգǡöҶһƬĽͬʱ΢΢һƫùһıȽϿĽֻǽķѹԼۡ
ҶŵĽȻѹָ׶ҶŹҲּɵ
ʤ⻰ҶȻû䣬ҲûȴһЩɵʣҶĵһӦǶҺħᣬϸһȴԼĶˣⶫһ뽫ɽһĴᣬôκһֶΪİʯ
Ҷĵɽ̫죬ҽЩâ¶򣬱ĳЩ˵·ˡ
ǿ£ȻˣжֵܿҶĳֶκˣ
һ䣬βֻվںߣתûתǱŶʤͺ˵죬ȫȻಫ
ʤҶ̬Ҳ֪̻ԴȱʲҶζûʹԼ˱ʵԸӲҵģԾɣ뿴ҶľҪʲô
ҶһƲȻʤƲģЩҶķвͣԽԽһ𣬹Ƭ̣ʤֻһɫ⻪ҶתͣǰһƬƬƺͽȻȫ
֣ҶľڸдʲôȴҶɫ⻪ԽԽϸҷɵҲֹƬ̣ʤȻȵƼһͨɫĳΧҶĻУһԾ
ǡ
ɫһУҶĻת΢̧ʳжָһͻȻһšǱΧƲɫ㶸ȻͣҶҼ棬ңңָŶʤͬʱ΢΢һʱҪĶߡ
ʤȻĽԶȴҲܸоɫ͸¶ķ⣬ǽָԼϺδǸָŵĵطͻһֱⶥŵĸоо³Ծѣ
ҶЦЦŹҶĳǰЩʱղſɵģҲһţֻɽҶĳ潣µ潣ˣ
ɫɽͻʸж潣ûʲô۵˼γɵı仯ĪҪɽֻѰһСҪ۳ôһϽ֪ҶĶʱ붫ʤϻҲгûָһЩĴ㡣
ֻ⼸仰֮䣬Ҷĵͻָ࣬Ҳûʲôֻǲָ˫ָ΢΢һͬʱϵ˾䣺붫ֵһɣ
ŹһֱҶеĸ񣬺οԼĳɽɣŪһ֮Ĺܾò˵ʲôֻԼʹһס޷һȫӣЧۿۡ
ȥҶľԭݷɽΧڣԼܹӰΪԼҪΧǺܵʹ÷סˣҪǰĲݷɽôδ̫ˡʱ̵ɽΧϢ仯
뷨ҲԼˣֱԼĹԽԽǿȻԽԼһ潣ɫϽ۶ɣԼԼһΧڶϽϵôһлˡ
ҪǣϽҶ۶ɣȻض˵ˡ
ΨһźϽȻ޽ӽ潣潣ʢɲ潣ֻǸɽկƷ
ܱԭǿ
ôŹǾ߱ɱеĿܣҶĴ˷Ȼǵһ֮ԵУǶ湦ȴмǿġ
ֵܣСˣ
ҶһųǱϽವһ¾ͲӰʤţֻоͷһֱ£һǻûͷ鿴͸еԼĴһ֮УҲ˲ԼˣæڿһͬʱʹһŤֻһϵж꣬ͼһɫ⻪Լһֱӳ嵽Լǰ档
ʱܹƵˣɫ⻪ԼԻ֮ûɳԶȻڿлһԵİԲתͷֱӷֳԼ˹
ʤʧɫҶĵĿҾѧôȻô
ṦȻǿᣬұ仯磬ڿҲתšԲϳǰеʱͻȻΰθߣͺһ㡣
ƾα仯磬ܲҶϽ仯ѸϽһ㣬ס˶ʤҪͻһ³㲻УϽʱҲ籡ǿĽֻҪ΢Ҳˡ
ʤһҪСĶһҪϽĹһ߻ҪСĽ籡Ľ±ҶĶ˶Ը
ȵʶԼҲܹ鲻һɽ任Ѱ·罫˴ſ²
תֱȡҶĶȥȴϽƺһعͼǱϽԼǰԶĵطͬʱ΢Լ춯̾ͻԼϴ߰˸һ
ߴϽԽֻҶһд̬վԭأ˵ʲ΢̧ڼָ͵ĻȻǼ΢СĶˣ˫ֱֻվԭңңŶʤ
ֵܾҶĳΣ
ʤ˿Ҷģֿ˿ϽͻȻЦһĹӦ
˴ȴζȻһƾʧһҶȴ֪ⲻʲôʧˣֻǶʤһ˲佫ʹ˼£쵽˲ӰԲŻȻʧĸо
ȴںڵ˾䣺ҶĳŹһɱУ붫ֵָһоΣ
˵ҲʲôֻͻȻһ࣬͵ıƥֻǱڰеϽͻȻһٲٲȻȻıѿ
ϽҶĴ۶ɣʱȻѿ̺ڼȫֻⲻĿյһ˲䱬ʮϰٵɫЩ˷УһƬ֮غһ֪ٲһֻ֮ʣ¹ͺͺһɡ
õģǱϣµͬʱֱ˲䱻ֽ˲֪ٿ飬Ȼž˵ϡƽ޲ˮ̶Ҳв֪޹֣֮
⽣һСҶǴ빦۵ϽȻڣϽʧĵطһӰǱб˵ϣǶȻʧĶʤԭʤȻǿĹ볢ŶϽû뵽ҶľȻôһ֣ԼŸճ嵽ϽԱߣϽͻȻѿͬʱĽ
ǶʤṦףڿж˲֪ٵĻڣĪ˵ڣʬԱȫ
ʱʤĻǰӣͷϵķѾɢˣһͷĳôҵɢҰ֮ɫǻûдӸղǿֲľлعһҲѾòǿϣ۵ļ֣¹΢Ĺ⻪ò⻭桭վϵĲ̾ͻһƬƬ鲼ʱôйݣµXһʲŹС
ʱ΢΢ƲһԵ˫ȸңͱ˺ãаС¶˳СһɼǵĽԼأðѪʵľʤṦٸߣҲౣסԼҪҲֱǲܵ顣
Ϣ˼£ʤ˫Գһ־֮ɫ˵˾䣺Ϊʲôɱң
ֲǴȻĳҶʲһ˵ģƾǽֻҪ⽣΢ܼһ㣬ƾṦ˫ҲĹȥʱǿĻ幦סȻӲӲĽЩûκζܵĿܡ
ҶգӦ˵ɱҶĳܶ鷳ɣʵϻиû˵ǱûӶʤϸоҪɱԼ˼ԼƺҪԼɱ
ÿÿ뵽˴Ҷľһ䣺ҪɱҸû˵طԼ𣿡
ʤֻΪԼ׵ĹϵҶĲŻһоȴӲ죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴҶĽɫ£ֶϣʲôҲû˵ת뿪ˡ
ԼѪСȣʤôɵ㶵ںߣȻҶĴԼǰʧ
˵ҶģʱߵԶˣ͵͵عͷһۣǶʤûиͻȻôô飿ֵĴºǰ˵˷˶񾭲мֻɣԹʵ
ϸ룬Ƿÿһ䣬Ҫ޾ʹĥͬʱҪнʹ޵ӳͱĳʦһ۲ͽξռ䣬ȻһһͱͱͱϺþúûͷ⻹ʵеһ˲ѡ
񹦵ˣǵһҪʹĥǵһ䣡
˭ŹҲô˵ľǻޱȼ˰ɣ
һЩС˵ܻľ֮˵νľҶĿһδεĥĥģǼҲǰ̥ǣڶϰߵľȵľֱǿԲκӰ죬һ߾ȷ޵ˡ
ӷҶ˵ļǣ
ԾȻͻȻ˵һţͬʱתһǻʦ˭
ҶʲΪβʹɱ֣
ʦһҶҲһ漴ϺͲ͵ˣһ뿪ӵķͺԼ˿ҲҪ͵֮
ʵҲ࣬ʦ͵֮󣬾͹Ҫ͵˵ʲôͼԷǶʤ¾еǣʤҶֵУһ䶯֣µǸƳʤɱҶ֮ģҶֱӰѶʤŪˡ
ҶʹʤƵ޷мܣشʤʱϺлҪҪ־ǶʤϾⶫʤô˵ĻǱֻǳ¶ˡ
ҪۼȺ۶Ըħ̵ʱʵڲ˶¶ˡ
Ҷûɱʤ˼Ϻֿ˼ۣǶʤûд󰭱ֱ׷˹
ЩȻûкҶȥ˵ҶֻԴһתͲµ˴ţʦʣЦʱʦҪֹ˰ɣ
ʦЦЦû𻰣Ҷ֪Ϻв˵ԲҲʹеȷô
Ҳ⣬ڼʦǸˣЩȲȥ˵ˣʦãɷ´·еҲȥ·ˣ
ǺǣҶߣ


203 Ժ
ŻʦдУҶıտڲԣϺе̲ס˵˸ûꡣ
ʲҶһĹ˵ޱȣǿѵ
ղҶԸʤϺпֺȻһھɵɫƽƽ棬һЩıķϽһƳĵطˡ
ϽҶĵɣҶĹʲôȻĽɵĳȻҲнԣҸӽ׽
ȣɫĽǿģѰμٲûСӼ֣ȵǰ̺ڵȻʱٲִмܡϺԳļԼǱҶôһҲܣܵǰỹ޺廤ˣǾͲ˵ඡ
ͬʱϽĽαҲȫƾҶ⣬ٴʲô仯ǲǸԷˣ
ò˵ʦȷ书ǿʶȻ֪ҶѾ仯ȴҲܹ²ĵ뵽Ҷоʲô仯Ҳȫɫ֮ϡ
ǵһ㣬ʲҶĺǶʤֵȷ˵ģֻƾҶĿԷǴ𶯵ĽϽųȻʹǾͺĲݵĴͷһ޶ĻĪ˵ε΢һҲܵش
һ΢ĩգдʦЦˣҶȻޱȵ⣬˵ʱ΢ǫһ£̬λҲһǿߣĹҲ˲֪٣˼ҳһ䣬þĵģ׼ǿ׿װˡ
ȴ֪ԼĹֹЩֱ񼼣õķʽϺдۼĵվȻã
ƲҶĺɵϽϵģ¸˼֣ҶͲ󣬵ѧȴеţȻܴĹϺеԶ֪ҶĿϽҪͨһ˿ϵſԿ
ɽһ³̫ԶɳΧҶҲ޷˵ģķΧСҶĹǶԶӰЧֻΪɽϵĻôԽɢԼΪԲģ뾶ʮԶķΧ
ȻҪ뱣ԭЧôͲǺܴˣ뾶ǿѾǼޡ
Ҷ̫ˣҶɴ˵񼼣ò˶ãǽ֮Ҫ͵Ҷˣ
ŽΪ֮ôһźţȫƾ١ҶĴôһ湦˿ھŽʹŰѳĹҵҪǿ࣬һ֮Ҳš
Ϊβǽ񡢽ʥ֮ģΪΪ񡢽ʥЩﵽǷ켫õţǽȴĲͬĽֶһѰ˼õţҲֻ鷳
ҶľΪսһЩͨճΪɣʱζܱд˿Ĵʦô˵Ҳͦá
ԽǾӽ֮ժˣ
дг̤һҶҵУԭԼʲֱʱǵ·Եֻ֣ʲУ̧ͷҲֻĴѱ淽ԲҲ·
ȻṦֻҪ׼һ򣬿һҲԴгȻҵλˣֻ̫׳գο˻ʦǳϸ򵼣
תҶͻȻǶʤˣʦȻΪβɴཫͻɽȥѰ£
ĴʦЦǶʤҲǲ뱻Ƽӣĺα
Ҷİԡһ£ϺԴתǿ죬ѹ֮λ
ǶʤԲԸ˿ԼܣԼҽ̹ҲҪԼϿһЩ֮ɫȻһֵɣʹԼַͿ˳Լˡ
Ժ᲻Լɽ鷳һ֮˵ЩҪô⣬ΪʲôʤѡԼҲûʲôɣֻǡײԼͻʦȥѰԲŻԼ
ֻʤû뵽ҶľȻûҪѯûֱתˣΣͬʱһҡûԸȥģ򶫷ʤʹļ״̬Ҳֱ޾ʹȥˡ
صԺҶĲһȥѩͻµӰӳҶļŮһ֮ɫЦŵϣһô
ѩģû뵽ʦһûУĿҪµһỨһ¾ͱ˻ȥʦֻû
漴ͷҶľȻֻһ£ĳȴǲˣʵأ
ҶԼЦŵղĹõˣ־Ͷˣ
ôСģѩԹһ漴ʶԣԼʦֵĹȻʲô磬һṦɲĻὫãҪѯʣҶļѩɻ󣬾ͲµҪʲô
ʲ붫ֱ˱Ṧԡ
ⷬһͻȻǶʤṦôô
ղһʱ䣬ѩѾͻ˵Ƕʤ飬ͬʱҲǷϸϸ˵˻ʱ²׹ǶʤòŮӣ丸׶ȴƫƫԼĶӡ
û뵽ȻһаŹɵģҶһ˵ǶʤĹȻ֪ǳṦȴԿ϶൱ģϲڽҶıƵǱ
ţ˾ȫҲ׷
һѩȣȴӳԾ
Ҫ˵ѩҶĵṦεĻô¿ҪѩĶࡣǵãԼڸտʼħʱζ㶼㲻үռԼ˵Ĵ֡
ħɣṦһ¥Ҫ⧲»ǻᱻҶĵ˱ȥ֤ҶĲƷͬʱṦҲһֱԼṦΪţܹץԼҶȴץǶʤʤṦɴ˿ɼһߡ
Ҷӣǰ㼱ٱߣдȴ֦Ҷں治׷ķһҲˣ
ⴿ˵ϹˣҶĲûʹȫξûлȥ⻰˵ҪͰ죬ɴڼŪȥҲˡŮֲȥʤȷһ
סŮˣҶͻطϢʱѾǺҹˣ˶˯УһƬžֻѲҹĺз΢ŵĽŲ
ʱһСдһת߹ͻȻͷϴһϸ΢ķ̧ͷƣһִԲ߸߹⣬Ʋκζ
Բ
СипһͼԼѲҹȴûʲ̧ͷһǣ΢΢¶һɫ
ʤۿ˿ǽԶȥСУͬʱһԼǼܿͷ˿ڣϵˣһСв״΢е㲻ȴϵĳֹ˼֣ʤԾصסǼԺ
ֻû뵽ԼΪʧѪྫ΢е㱣ûвԺԱ߾ȻվһˣһأǱˮͻȻһʲôˣ
ʤתͷ¹ԳԼݡͬʱҲԱˮļһﲻеһλۡ
ӣ
ʤʵǽ־ֿ֣ӵò仯ǶԽԽŮԻΪ˲ٲɣ˽ЩҲûۡ
ȻǰʱһӣԼҶү̹ôˣȥ⡭һƣֻλүһԱ壬΢΢·һͷͬʱСҲԼ¶һ㣬Ȼһ׳ԼʵʵǸһʲôҲûĸо
⡭⡭
⸱ʵ׽ᣬοʤһͷɢҵͷֻΪۣʱҲֻܸɰͰ͵죬ȻԼүԴ˵˾䣺˵ȥС
漴ĿλһȳһջصԼУһء
ˣ
ĭĵȴͣλүôʲôȥˣһ⸱ӣΪǶȵĹϵûƼʤұСϵĺ˺ۡ
ֻûƼȴһƼˣӰȵҲطϢŴӽԳЦ˵ǺǣүȻû˵ʵأƣѾûˣṦת˲ûӰ
ȴ֪һϺڸߵĵطȺ˷ȥȻĴǺ޾Ѳҹ̾һ˵ĺ԰ˣֻ룬Щ˹ǲףҪЩͨɮҲʵеΪˣֻ̾˿Լ
գҶûʤͬʱҲûмɵˡֱϹԼϹһǰǵʱ֪ɻҵĽ
ɽѾɽȥˣߵĺ磬ǺҶıԽһȺ˾ҹɽȥֱɽ顣
ЩȥҲɻϣҲʲôԾֻлʦҶ֪֣Ҷĵ˲ħʵͻᱩ¶Ⱥ֮¡
Ƿᱩ¶ȥһȷѡ񡣱¶ˣôѾȥɽҲúڱ˵ĵﱻΧ
¶Ǿ͸ˣȥʰʰȻҶԽֱ֣ԼǵΪţֻҶرˣȴ֪Ҷͽǵ⣬ͬʱŹԼǳǲŰˡ
ΪڽϽżȥԻУͬʱŴѪȻҲûߣôЩҶһҲûƼλżҼΪȥء
Ѫʲôãڱеִˣ
Ҷһ֪ŴѪǱһȣһ䣺ȿеŲļһﶼϲŮǿôǻģȴɺϹ̸ֵϹԼϹ͵
ͶĹĿ죬Ҫ˶ãʦܱûʲôɽ̵ˣ
˳ԼӣϹͶҪֵȥˣȻ֪Ҷ⻰˳йάĳɷ֣ϹǾ⻰ôôģȻ󷢳һɵЦǺǺǺǣ
ĸ׵ĲϣԼĶӳɲţοԼӵʦĴӣǽһ书õļ֮һΪԼѧЩܹԱͺã뵽ԼôȻһѧѧ˸ࡣ
»ͶֻǲЩ飬ֻҪ꣬ǵ񽭺һĺ֣˵Ҷۣˣ㿪ڵΧħ̣ҶĳѾͷǰ׼Ͷȥ֪λ
ӵĸ׾ԼǰҲǽͷԼҪ˼ҺȥΣ֮ƴкҲ
һϹɫҲһ䣬Ƭ̼䣬ɫر任˺üΣҶ̾Ϊֹ
Ϲ챾뿪ڣȴԼҲ֪˵ֻܾԼֵϡ
ֻϹ̾һ˾䣺Ȼ˽Ǳ⣿±סͶһΣԺأܱüΣܵȥʶʶô˰ɣ
ҶⷬϹҲǼΪЩ˭֪˭˵м
룬ֻϹ˵ûЩСҪ˵ģұͬȥҲһ


204 
ϹֵܵľΪԼĺ󱲵ǰ;˻һΧħ̶ЩС˵һҲһżȥ㻯ȥ
˷ǳĬĶûȥ̸ܣǿϹĵ⣬ϹҵĴСȻʵʵĴڼɽôӦԾҪһʵİ취ˡ
Ҷ룬ֻܳһУסĹȻʱ̶ԼĪָ
Ϲ룬ҲʲôףϾҲԸԼŮȥΣյ顣ϹĺϹ粻ͬϹԺעҪϹҵļ֮λôһҪĥ֮ʤλá
ϹȴҪЩֻҪֵĻȥ㹻ˡΨһϹ쵣ǵǣԼŮƺͬɵʦ֣λƽҲпȺ۳
λƽƽҲҲһĺ֣ɽĺȻ֮ãϹⷬʵûʶûҪԼѾ˴𰸡
ƽҲһȥҶĵĻشȫϹԤϵУֻҶ͵ƽĹҲǲףѰ˲ģаԼһ䣺ֻҪƽħλв͵ϮͲʲô飡
Ҷߣд򶷶ϰ߸ֶԸ֣Ҫ۸Щආ˳ЦȻħ־µ֯ǲҲôϰߣֻҪԼߵĺֶһЩڽжԷĸִ͵ϮԼҵӡ
οҶĵĽٶȼ죬ֻҪƬ̵ķӦܽԼҵӾ£ƽĹҲӦûʲô⡭ɡ
ֺϹֵһȻϹͺϹСԼĸȥڼһ̸ҶϸĿ꿪ǴΧսۡ
ɹô
ϹֵҲǽоøʢ֮ˣһ콭ӱҶĶ˲֪ã֮һЩҪҶĿҲ˲ŻᵣԼĶŮ
λλҵļȥͱζû꣬ҶҲ֪˵ûûκãгĺá
յȲ裬ȴⱭѾտҲǲˮ̸ʱͺ˸ɾԼȻƽʱ¶һźţǲյȿյͻˮԲŻİɣ
££ȥˣ
Ų豭ƣɤȴӰѰңͼ¶ˮƮ˽үū澣˵꿴˿ҶеĲյ֪û˲ˮ̹ȥЦŵүū澲Ѿһˮô
ҶĻعͷŷ־ֱ߰һĶǲˮԼ⼸ϰ˻źţȻûע⵽Ͱ͵ŻԼ裺ܰܣ˱ƶũҲ㸯ܵһ죡
εӣҶȫûһ㣬ʵܵȥˣ
¾˾ϵˮūȥˮ˰
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ڸɰŵ˵ǸöһӦȫÿ䶼䱸һϴԡĵ䣬ͬʱÿԺеˮڣ滹дˮ淽Ľ
ʲϹֵҶ̸¾ܹȥˮȥˡʵǹգֻԿŰˡ
ϴ裿
Ҷ룬ҹ˰Ҳûʰֱӵͷ˯ˣæӦ꣬ʱݸˮ赹ǲ˵ͷţ⣡
˵ֻ꣬½һ졣
Ҫʲô
ū澰ү°գգۣ޹
ҶĻ˻֣ˣԼɣл¸±һҸ飬»ûִԼʦüˣһ쮽һ׷ɱԼ
Ժһߺʦһһ߽л°Ҵ걳˰ɡ
ԡͰҶһ߷һߺ˼롣
ͬʱڵɽԶһСУһ䱻˰˵Ŀջ۴һ졣
Һ˵ЩǿĪҪҴС㽻ˡ
٣ĪСӰҹ˯Ϳˣôܣӣǰӡ˵СӲʲôرȺðɣ
ޣүǣֻϲȻź͸ƵأۿɲڡӻΪ˭ҵŮߴأͻȻһ㶣ҹĻȴ
٣ٺ٣ػ˺٣ӣ˵Լǿڣ˵ĶܳȥҰȥˣģƻǴһ
룺ٺ٣˵ӻʱ·һȳһգʱҲΪ˯Ϳˣȥǵط˼ۣƼɶ
ʲô
мѪҺŶ
ϣԽ˵Խû˺٣
һ˵һߺٺЦԴȴ֪뵽ʲôȴûһӰվ溮˪ԽԽߣȵ⼸ЦԽԽֱ֮˳Ȼ󻹲Щ˷Ӧǵͷһһ¡
Ƕʤ㶵⼸ҽԼƱеˣҲմȾѪһ£֪ˣȻҽ
û䣬ǡöҾ㾰̾ʤʲô
ȻԼʣʤתͷһĮﾹȻȻһ䲻ԼӶӣ˵˼֣㵽Щʲô
ѵ¼֪𱰵˰ˣ˵һֱߣʱȴѾŵĻҶѾߵһطȴǸղȻ˹Сϵ˿ֱ˿ʱʹѵ·Ҳѡ
Ѿ߱ʤʲŵΪŵĶҶʤԸҲ㶵վԭأأԶֱͣʤֺһүĻôѾ߲žѹæߵʤߣȻסʤ䷿ȥֻһѾ߾ȻԼŵһŮоȣΪѾ߿֪Լүûȥĸ׽ζҲԼϵ֬
ʱȴڰЩ͵͵ʤƳһۣ°Īүǡ
һ̧ͷȴʤʱ߽ʤʵʲô
Ѿ߱һЩ˳̵ͷԣֻǲŶʤߣһ·һһ߶ôһҲ֪˭˭
ں濴ԼӻصԼʧҪô˵ĻҲûʳڣ˼һصʬ壬ȴһ󷢺ѵҪʤǷǸô
⣬»Ѱ𰸣⼸ΪҽȴҪһ£ǽ֪ԼӺɱˣҵһǧɣʱ̸ʲôִ֮ţа˾Ͳˡ
⼸˺ᣬм˵ҲЩǮúðһ
󼸸ĵӵͷӦǣֻһ뵽⼸˵˼仰ͺȴǶλԽԽĶүԽĿ־ˡ
صеĶʤڴ齱ϣžԼǰվŮͣԴ͵ĺܵͣ½˿ģһ㡣
ʤһͻȻڵң
ŮæҡͷΡΡĵһǡū澲ң
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˵΢΢Ҳӷ˳Ľһ΢΢һ㶣Ӷ״λʦȥ磬˳̸һ̸黭֮
ŶҶļĽûߣͲµǻʵҲû뿪ȴû뵽ϾȻҪԼԻ·ԸһҲˣԱɣ˳ʰʰҲȥˣ
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Ľ˺ˣҲ֪ν仰ֻðԸһ䣺רݵĻұԺֻǲ


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ҶһԺͼλүĽһϷܱʼ飬Ҳ֪дʲôҶŽʷ£Ȼӹë˲ֺҶĴк
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⻭͸ĳʱ⻭ã뷴ҶĻ֪һǻȽ䱦ϲˡҶĻ֮ǰǶû뵽ԼԻһʱǸĿڲͣûʲô취
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뵽˴ֻҶļֱǴ˵еˣ黭ף湦Լܰ¶鱣Լ
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ʲôϼȻڴΪ˽ûʣֻ˵ȫķЧ⡣ȵҶĽһȫķѾҹպвĵطĽԱȥˡ


206 
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ڻʵۺĽպദҶȴᣬֻ˵˾䣺ǵ飬Ϊʦ޹أ
仰Ҷĵ˼ǾɽɽɣǳãĽ˽ʦֵܣһ˳ãôǾҲ˵ѧѧգ⳯ϵôɻ
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ֱصԺһ̸͵ԼӻտյأκϹʱԱߣֻܸĭȥſʼӸ֡
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ֻ˻ʵͽܣϵ˶ɽٲҪչһԭΪĽԺ;Ѿ㹻֤ɽɲܵ͢Ĵѹ˵˵ȥǶȲõĸ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷȴڿΧħҪҪȥϾһûˣǴȥĻ֮»ʲôıʵڽĥ
ǲµҶĵĵǣͻȻүĪҪū澣
ͷ˿£ֻ͸©һӾǿҶĽǰ紵˵ķ˿һ£̾ðɣҲǸһ˽Ļᣡ
ԣչЦգллү
ҶĲֻ΢΢ЦЦȻعӴʯͷԾԸңʦָʹΪʦô
ң˵ͷΪԼʦ˵ʲôοԼĻҶһ䣺ָʹĶԣҪνؽȥ´ΪʦǵԶ㣬ʱΪʦҲܶ߼·
˻һңЩˤڵأз߷ߵҶ֪ȵ˶ˣ뵱ԲȻüӾͺ͸ѿһ㾹ȻҪҼʣŰ
ȻֻңԼ뷨ҶĻͷ˿ɻһʮңֻģǲּᶨ˼ҪӼʵ˼
ɽǹĺܿ죬Ϊɽϵ鱾Ͳ࣬ɽֽ׳󣬱ɭһЩŵѡ˼ԼһҵѡǳһС¡
ɽɵĽṹͣΪŵҶȻ¿յĽ̽ͽܣתһͨһЩ㱨ˡ󲿷ֲҵ죬ʱڶûʲôҪĶġ
⣬ׯԺΧֶ˺öסһӣƾΪ˴峤Ϊ֪ɽɵĵԹʲô֣
ȻɽɽסµĹŭ缸˵طҽׯԺ֮ɽڵǴסլֱӾת˳ȥȻȫɽ¶
ΪɽʢѰɽ˵ǲҿɽ֮ڣ޼ҿɹӹƶܷ˻ɧŵİվͽҰ˹οɽṩԼ߸Ǹ֣յҲǺܸߣһ˸ﶨӡ
ΪŭׯԺȽۣһЩ˾ͽΧ˷ӣò˵˶ȺסˣǾͻﲻȥѾγһģСĴ䡣
֮⣬һҲһ䣬ﶼɽɵĵũֵĵҲɽṩģɽʳԼԴ
ŴӵĽչճ̣οӳ;ҪύһʽĹù鵵ݣҪϱֿ͢ɾ͸ȡˡ
κҶĻȻûԾھӦһ䣺һ壬һʹ壡˭ĸԼȥɣ
ɭ߶£ЦʦǾͣһһ䣬ԳɽɵɫǺ֣
ҶĿɿڴ뵽Լ˵־ȻЩ˵ȥҲǽǰһϷĵ˳ô佱Ұɣ
ɭ֪ԼλʦϷ֣֪᲻ѪǲôɽΧӵʽĶ
ŭڵǸ䶨Ϊʹ壬һΪ塪ǡɽظһ㣬ֵַĵС


207 ħϮ
ɽɽ³䣬ɽɵӰ첻ṩ˴ʳͬʱΪɽṩ˴ͶɽȫйӶ͹߽ڵһЩӻɸЩͨĴ񡪡첹ϴ֮ġ
һɽϵ־ܽųһЩ飬յææȥһ̧ͷʱ䶼ûС
ͬʱɽɺҲΪ˹ĴڣӵĴҲΪɽʵӵߣ˶ɽɲɽˣЩͻֳĲֱӷ쭽ʹһ١
ãӳΪɽɲԼΧߡŵӻᾭﶺн˳֣϶𾯾
ţһ
Ҷ°ͣΪС˶壬һԵĻһ߰Ҷһߺ˾䣺ʲô

˵̫ҲᶮҶԸŪˡȻɲˣҲûм׷ʣǵͷҶ硣
ѩһƼ㾰󣬶ĳҲеֲֵ˼˵䣺ʦԽԽˣȻһ£Ժֹ
ҶЦЦҪû°ʦҲʦø깦Ҳо۰ɣ
ѩҡҡͷˣ
ɲҶİϰܣܾñźһܱŤ飬οҪԼӣ
Լô󣬾ֻҶĺΪ׽ŴռıˣںֵҲ˸ǡɣ˸ûȽ̸ŮӣѩҲԼӡ
ҶҲ֪ԼʦеУ΢һһСУʲԼǷʻҲһ˵֪ԼʦòӦˡ
һ֮Ҷֵ裡
ǣүӦһ֮󣬻¹ԹԵĽ豭ȻݵҶѾ쵽յϣүȲ裡
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һ׶ҶĽһλƶѹͨյĴ̬ʮ㣬ѩҲǲԽƲǡ
˼λߵֻ̬ƾҶĸղЩǲ˻λǽһš
κҶĺһڲ֮ͻȻЦ˵˾䣺ʦģŵˣԺ˵㣬Σ
ѩƲƲ죬ȷϾԣκֻǲϲԭǰȽϺã
ôһڣҶתͷʻ£Ҳģ
Цãүүūһźţ
˵ЦţȻһƿ֮ҶƤһȴ˭һ˳һǱصʵķŶȻ˿һӰವĳڣţеӻرһȺݵĽɽˣŹܶȻûţһѧҲǲͬʱҲѧ˼״ӲܵѧĹΨһıڹֻȫķȫķ֮ԺȥҲһס
ܶȻɽÿγֶװƽ飬ҲһЩֻΪôɽϴһӦֻƽԼΧһЩ
ҶĽ豭£ʵ˶ˣƳɵô
ܶ٣½½ĻɽȴƲźɣһȺڣҪɽɲ
ҶѰ˼£ͻȻЦħ̵˵֪ȺҪ亣ϳҪΪǿһɣһȺˣħˣ
°ͣԽԽˣҶ漴Ÿɽ±Ժĵӣǻɽ
⼸ɽҲһЩŵĸӣֻܱӡɽءԺԼɽϼطǲ±˽ɱôҲҪΪ˽⼸طϵʲô⴫Ŷ˺ð죬ӦҲġ
յǶ⴫ŷɸ룬ɽɲǰԤ֪ĵ
ѩҶⷬʵΪħ̻ѡɽأħȺۻ׼ʱֹһսҲӦѡ߽ǿİɣ
ģһսԷܹﵽսĿġǿǱֵǿսϵһԼѶԸ
ȴɽɣɽɺմߣ˵մһߡҪ˵ǿɽɿ϶ȲڡڡɽЩ𽭺ĴɣҪȫʵȲϾӪõıš
Ҫ˵ʧȥ˾ŽɣͬʱҲĩ·ɲħЩܽˡ
Ҷĵ뷨ȴǡǡ෴
ΪɽɲǿҸǳŻᱻ˶ϵģҶЦһ£ȻԼʦһķ
ȣѡĹĻħ˵ûʲôôȺۻϵһҲǶһЩ㣬Ƕħ˵ûʲôӰ죡ѡǿɵĻֲܹ¶ԷǱԷ˷Ķˣ
ѡɽɣȱ۸ɽ½ûʲôϡ٣ֻǼ˳ų桪ħҲ㲻öĸ֣ȻҪ߻ʦǼɺöԸ
⣬ɽҲǺħŴνڴս֮ǰɽˣҲܴԼʿЩƣͬʱҲһȺǡ˵ˣǾӿļ
ҶķһϣѩҲ׹Ϊħ̻ɽΪĶ󣬶ôƬ̵Ĺ򣬼ѾӺתǰͬʱ˽ڵӾ˹
ɽɵʵʵ㶥⣬ڽЩһԾǿˮƽҪȫɵĻƴҲѹһߡ
ɽȴԼı߽ǿԺúõĿһɱˣֻΪ˷ֹԷĸǿṦ󣬵µνҶĽ˽ɽµĵӶ˻ֱǰͥڿƣħ˵ĵԼ⼸Ӧֵ߽ܹķרעɱ㡣
վУҶվԼǰڶǣǰеǼ˶ԼµĵӣĽٵĺǸûĻʵͽһſٵƽңЩӶɽеľӢ
ԻɭϹ͡ϹļˣܶڶŵѾڵڿƾС
ҶĿһ£ԵѩȻһȴû͵Ӱӣʦأ
ѩʦ⼸ջؼȥˣҲȥˣ
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ȵҶĻصＸգʦܵŻػˣֻû뵽һתͷȻûӰˡ⼸ɽ϶Ӳͦţ񹦷ɾ̾Ϳʼ
ԴҶҲΣҲû˵ʲôħȺ˶ѾˣʦڲڶҪһ
ϵ˵䣺ˣ
⴫һЦһ䣺ˣôֵң˵ʱңԶ壬˵һʱ˾ѾƼһӰӴɽ˽û˻عӰȻ˵УͣҶߡ
һ˲ͣڴʱǸҡֲ˶С

͹ЦЦˣһ·ϻ˳ʰ˼֮һмĵôͣҲҿڳҪɽɣ治֪
ԭɽͻصҹ䣬һȲЪţǡԱ߼˵ʲô̡ɽѪɺӡʲôģͽġ
͵͵βż˳سǣߵֱ֮֮Ծǰ潫ϸϸѯʣ֪⼸Ҫɽɽɾ۵Ĳ񻰵ļһһνССѾͷֻ֪ˣһҪɱڡ뵽Էˡ
֪ѣ̾ظϣֻṦǿȸ˻ͬʱƴĪҪǿɽȥΧɢĵӼñЩħɱ¾ˡΪˣֻһ˸ϻɽϡ
Ⱥ˹Σʲô֣Ҷĺ֪һħʵΣʵߣȻɸǣԲسֻ֣ǽеԼ磬ͬʱҲһʵս
ʵǿᣬԼҪ׼ᣬȰǸǿĸŪú
εЦЦһ·ϵ̫û̫ᣬûԹЩ˵Ĺߵ͡żײҲһɱˡҪʦȥ̽̽
ҶĻ˻֣ˣҲ쵽ˣʱǿһ۱֪
˵˼䣬ҶĻعͷ˵һ飬ڵףҲûʲô̫ҵķӦֻңҧгݣЦΪҪ̵ܺȺ˽ᣬվɱȺӵϢˣ
ħѪʱ˭ûսǿңֻħǱȻͣеĳȻʶ˼ȴң鼤£ھߣгܵ𶯲Żӡ
ԴӰɽɺһֱڼϰΪԸԭҶĽС๦ʱңС๦ҲɾˣҾϰҶĶõĽѧȥͺѩõҲûŹ
Լʦڽдټͷ˫ҲûܵˡѧལңĻҪһһնɱ
ʲôãԸҶ⼸ߵģκαɱ˫ۣȻһǻŭĿ죬Ժ̬ܵңĹҲֹڴˡңĳ˾ǰֻҪħˣԹһʱӦ
ʱ鼤£ȥಫᱻ˸ҶһʦֱֵӾ˹ȥʦܵļһģϼת£ʦ궯ƽϢȥ
ߵȫķļھң侲
ллʦ֣
ЦЦû˵ʲôֱӻԼλá
ҶԼڶӣһȥɣȥʶʶħ̸־ʲôͣɽҰ
ڵӱмֽţϾսڼһԼһΪȻӣһ¾ƽֻ¶ŶţǽŸʲôһɣ
ܶʱվڵſڣ¾ۼһŵӽһӦź˷齫ϲ󡣴ʱҶĳʵŻʲôҪڵ˵ô
ҶЦʲô˵ģһȺ߹ˣԺȺһ󣬴Ҹʲôʲô
һŵӺȻһЦҶ漴ֵȺһʱɽɴȱ㰲ڶձ㵱ɴˣбһɹһǲˣʲôʹбƱǡ
ŵӺȻкãһĦȭƵľȺ۵ħ˵ֻҶȺŵӣаȴ֪ʧٵˡ


208 Ϊǿ
ںƣԴҶ߸ո׼ֻһɽſԳлһԾɽ֮ϣֱɽɵҶЦŵȽһˣ
ôĵӣ
˲Ծգһ˵ǰȻԳһӰ
˴ݰףò㣬һŮһ㣬ʱɷҲ˾޲ɷ
ֻϸϸһƵĻܼ˲һᣬǸӣ˼˺ȻЦϣðĿС磿ȻÿңһС
뵽ӿڳû꣬ǰһ󽣹ֻ֣Լ˶ƮƮһ㣬ֻԼתȥͣתԴˡֻѣֻƬ̣漴ǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
Լô£ȴƵһ˲ԾվͼһӰȻλԼ˵˾ʲôԴͱϰת˺üת䵽Լűߡ
ͷȴͨһ˵أԳ鶯ͣ
̧ͷʱȻѾӰȥԶԶĴſվһˣһŽϵѪһƣֵ֪Ǵˣ˾Ȼһһȥֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͬʱһ־ɱ˼һˡ
ǸҪɽҶļһһ˵̽·֮ˣΪṦףһ·϶̽Ѱǰ·ɽˣһ¾ͽԴ
ɽɡȻмͣѹָʥԣ
Ǳһűڵӳ羴Ŀ⣬һ߽ϳøɾ󣬵Ҷĵ˾䣺Ⱥֻ㱾£ɽɵǲ塱
Ҷĵ˵ͷͷ֮ԼλϺ޾֮ɫ֪ûôףʲǸ׳ղǸˣȺ˵仰ٿ
ǰһԾֱԾڵӵһ棬˴ǡñǰͥλãҶı˫֣ȺǰԼĪԶվʵλһɽɾҵҶ͵ˣҶĳҲͲдˣ
Ȼ֪ԷҳӵģҲûҪͶԷֻ̫⼸仰֮䣬ѩ͵˶ѾԼ࣬һڵӣŵӣÿ˴һѣб䱸š
⽭С˵ս֮֮ǰܵ˫˵˵ಫҲ˵ϼ䳡滰ԻǶһ˵ĶԷƿԣܽмʿ
ʱҶĻһϣЦŵʥ̸˾棬±ɽҶˣ
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˾Цֵо仰ҪҶţ
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Ҷһ֪ħҪ˾ͽƵ˵£ΪֵܱʦҲ޻˵
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ȻҲ˾һȻԵúԵãƺԼܹΪħ̸ǵ⡣
Ҷһˮ˹ȥħ̾ȻֻǸħҲֵˣ󲻵˾ԣֱӾ͵ħȺ֮龹ȻȲһ˾ͽƣ˾Ļ̫Ϸô
Ⱥħ̴սڼ˵˱սѾһ̬֮һ㿪ɱҶĳħ̼֣¹ɴ䡣뵽ʱʲô˾ͽƣСʵѳɴ£
˵꾹Ȼһšø˾ȥ漴һ֮ɫڣ˾һŰ׾֮ɫƫֲ֪ȥ𣬿ԿľȻԭء
Ҷ˵Ҳû˫ǵжԵ״̬۳žҪһսʱʲô˾ͽƵʵ̫ʱˣԵħ̹֮⣬һǲ˳ŶԷĻȥ˵ҪȻԼߵʿӰĻɾʹϾԼߵĵӿɷʲôսḻϱ
ʱֻħǱ˵˼˵ĪЩ飬ֱӿɱã˵ʲôҪʦƽ׽СǣߣȻȥ֮˵
දǳİһ㣬һӾͽ˵ע˹ȥͬʱһ˴ȺԽڶȴһ
ŮȹޱȣⶬյɽһϣԳ˵
Ůƺ޺֮ɫԼΪԵã˵̧֮θջһ㣬䶯ȻгȻƹġ
ҶһŮӣͻȻ̬ⷬʶֻһת͵Ļͷ»£ȴҲɫΪѿĵǸ¹
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һ⻰֪ŮӹȻԼʦͽܣʲżԾṦ²⣬ͶĶǿ϶Էһȷɡ
ҪڣŮӽЦʦòټһȴҲңѾΪ˱˵˵һЦǴʱȴ˾öǷˡ
»ûڣҶȴѾ˵ͽܣ
ǷŮͻȻǳ󵨣ڴˣȻ˳ƺʦ
ҶĲмĵĪ˵ѾͷڴˣҲһ޶ʦСѾͷĪҶĳ
ǷŮӲм㣿Ҳ䣿
û䣬ͻȻԼǰȻһɫⳤͨϣǹ⻪תһϺõıʯƳɵװƷһ㣬κδ˽ɭɭֻűԼȴ˾ǳʵѾԼһ㡣
ŮӼ״ͷͻȻһЩ亹ȻıɫĳһֱʮԸβ
Ī˵˾Ҳ֪ϽʲôʱðģţңңָűҪʵǽľս
ҶҲ֮ţղ֪ҲöԹʵĿ֮ʣ
ʱֻҶ˾䣺Ǳй￴Ҷĳǲ䣡
˾Ҫ֣ͼǷŮͻȻṦȻˣתڵȥǱɫȴǳԶûһ¾ԵʲǷ̬ƱϷˣĺһ
뵽˴ޱŭֻͻȻðɫŻ˵ŭһ԰ξǰϵԼһɫͻȻһ⣬ವһ´˹
ɾֻһգۼĹǰһɫﶯҲһϽѾųֲĽһѤõɫ⻪ֱȡŮӵѡ
ŮԾڰգϽ籡Ž˹̾Ǵ󾪣ʦŵṦж֮ڿת۸һŤֱתһԣֻ˱ɶǼɶĳ
ɫɵһʱͻȻһ䣬Ȼתֻһɫ⻪ȻһоȻԳһתͣĽ֣˳΢΢һתǡǷŮӶܵķϡ
ôһƣǷŮԼǽȥײ˾״æһСģ
ϵԼһڣǰƷƿ֮ҲһͣǾ仰ȻӲͻȻѹ˻ȥ
תͷֻһͷŴԼһ䣺ȵԼɣĻﴫ
ֵֻ֪ɽҶģ˾Ҳû뵽ɽô˵־ͳ֣һ׶ûУȴ֪ҶĲԼ֣ͬʱԵʦʦ˵˾䣺Ϊǿ֪ǻжٺȽȺ˳˲
ͺѩһͷ±˵һŮū澶ԸȴҶĵѾʹ˳ҼмͽŮӱƵ˾·
龰ֻø̾һֶûüأ
뵽˴֮ʱǷŮβתŶ㿪ҶǴһһתΣ͸оϮ΢΢һתͷ̴ʧɫһɫĽնӸԼȥ
£ҪֹסΣṦķΪסΣ漴Ҫһֱ䵽ȥ뵽ˣɫȴȻ˼֣ŮҪ漴͸оһۣԼ㲻ܿƵĵ˵ϡ
žડžŮӿԼ°ԣ̾һҽУκûǰһϹɫֽնغ˳ƾ¼ֱ̣Ӷ˷Ůӵʺ
κҲŮֻʹĸѪͣĴԼӿͬʱն֮ǾʹѵȴԷɫ֮ҲΪɴ۾š
ҶһֱǽʮƵĿлڣȵ˾˵֮󣬳ûʹɽɱǷϻķŮӣһ̽ϽеߣʱǡҶһͻƵ˾һͬʱֱȡ˾ġ
Ϊһ¾ͽ˾棬λħ̸ȻмֻͣһҶһƣ̾͸оϮ͵һȻŵ߶ԶȻȻ˳ķһơ
ֻһ̾˫Ŀ죬ȴƵǷŮӵĲ״ΪֵͬܽõĲΪŮǽʥŮͽܡ
ħԽ£踱ʥŮȻλ൱ҲǾ֣ŮӴ˷ԼǰˬˣɸŮʲô飬ȥֻԼ鷳
ҪһҶҲԾٶȾȻ˼֣ϸԳЦǳһ㻹Ĳı˵ôԶʱȻָһӣһɫɱŶ
ҶĵĿҹ򣬶ԽǿᣬҲԽԽ󣬵ֻб֤ҶҪȫʩΪǽ䵽ʮ֮ԶҲǲС
ͬʱ⽣ʹҲǸӵѸǿᣬֻҶָһ㣬ɫѾ˾ǰȻͷһȴˣǴԼ߻֮ʹζЩҡΡ
ϧûоһ¾ͽʧȥƽУˤʺ
Ȼ˸̾϶ȴ°֣һָ֮һһش̵ȴ˾ķӦôԼײһ֮ϣȻҶԽͷ
˾Ȼмˢӣһʱϵеڶ̾һƾԼ´ڵλñҶĸֱӵתֱ£ͬʱĳֱȡҶͷ
ȥڣ
˾ɲƣһвưˡҶĲ壬ϽȴָȻ۳һ߳ɫճһ޶漴һлط㽣һ㣬˾ֻǰǽӰûѾεۣһȴҲĲȥ̱УһתȻת֮ҶԻ˹ȥ
ܣôףҶšŵǵɫ⻪ȴҶĴʹȫʣĹһϽϽȻҲɳ̬ȴһ۱ܿǽԶǰǱ棬ȲõԸʤʱ۵һˡ
¹˲ôˣһӣɫӦַɳͬʱһϽڿתһȦҲһϮµ˾档
Ѿô㣿


209 ɱ
ҶԵ⣬ֻһ˫лȻȡ˾С
뵽˾ͻȻڿһ˻ͬʱһ𣬾ȻԳһͬʱƻȻҶĺ۳ϽһͲرʵϽ˲㱻˾һдɢͬʱƣһǽȻƾն֣Լɢ̫Ϣ
ҶĴȥǴԶ˷ϽȻԼԼеŤ֪ΪԼǶǡҪ͸ǵ̫һǽߵ¶
ֻöһϽȻûǰһһɢϵĹ⻪Ҳһ˸ϽЩ÷ֱ
ʱҶѾӿ£ֲ̧粻ǱɿϽֻǷתһ㼴ָһȦӺҶļͷ֮ϣңңָ˾档
˾ʱҲһľأûɢȥɢɫ͹âȴҶûʲһŵ̫ǽ
Ҷңңԣ˾ͻȻҶŹȻ߾ȻƵñʹѧӦԣ
һҶİһɵXоѧװ⣬ûС͵ȥɣ̣
ϧ˾ȴ֪ҶĴʱбﰺͷǰ˵ͣ޳˵ü֮бֻнܼʶ񹦵ȫˡߺߣ
ⷬ˼ǸҶģԼŹѰԼжӲ£ҪԼȫԸˡԼóŹȫ˽˶Ǳɡ
ΪⷬܽҶη壬ȴҶڶ䣬ЦʲǰӣѰ˵ȷԼŹȫȴǼ˾װĹͷ˲ɱʱ򻹲ʹԼľѧͱȡˡ
һʲԼǱ̬˾ҲǾöˣҶһŪŭһҪѿ֮Ҫʶʶ񹦵
ҶԸЦһֱڳѿ֮ŶԣҶĳһֱŷֲڵ׼ģԻͷ
˾ɵôͷ뻰û䣬ԺȻƿ֮æ̰֮ӣֻŶ£ͼһɫȻԼͷ⽣Ѹǿᣬ˾ͷϻʱ򣬴ķѹ˾ֻԼͷƤһĴʹ
ǡ
ɫҶĵʲѾҶָʩŽˣȴǴӺζ
һɣ˾ͬʱѸٵĲ鿴һԼΧȵķԼΧ֪ʲôʱƮ˶ƣϡޱȣΪۣʲҶ˵û⵽ⶫĴڡ
ֻҶ˫һţҲȻһ䣬һ˾ҶĳһΣ
һͬʱһʱ³ϢеɫȻһ˲仯˾ϴ
⽣ԴƣÿһƶԻһ˾ʲֻǲִһƳѾΧ˷Χƣʱ缸ʮҶĽΧסһʩչһ㡣
ˮ˲͹˾ĶͷղѾĽҲǲףȻҶʩչģǾҲѰ˿ԽµġκԼ˷ǽûطֻ񹦣ٴԾһ̫ǽȽԼҪס
գۼ䣬Ѿɱǰ˾ǽмܣһǽȻɢ٣˾ۺõĹͺһſϣòܡ
һ˲˹⣡ϵˣ
ֻŵJǹͷһĻУֻǿƾˣʵȴûʲôֻԼҶİһŭһƻļһƭӣ
󺰵ͬʱһƬ¾ѾɵǰҲˣֻһʲôĽΪԼĻƲˣԲֱܲӾҪȥ
⽣ವһ´ϻ漴һľʹͽ˾ָǣƫͷȥһƬոѪѾ֤ļϱʲǵһ˿ˡ
ʵӣ
ʹָǣһ¾׹ҶһƬƬĽǶУҲŲǿ
ҶĴһ־ȫԸȺ˻ûʱѾʼҪϽԲ˵ʱ֪ľʹ
ָĵͬʱÿһжʹȫͶȻһɱħһˡŮӼȻͽܣǾ;ԲǺöԸĻɫοħͷӡľṦѾͷڻս֮ʱһһµ͵ϮԼҵӣʱɽɵΣһ־ȡ
һɱνĸϧ⸱ȻмͣƵҶʹֶΡУԭԼΧκεطķųκ㣬ֻʹȡɵķӡ
ɢƣ˲עʱ鲼ΧɼȡɵķӣҶĵĹҲͷųôơȻ㹻ʱ䣬Ҳκɱɲʱȥ׼С
Ҷֻ˶Σʵ˾һæңֻһһĽϮȴֲЩ̺ǿᾢĽЩһǹһУֻԼǽתȦڵǵסɱлãǽһӣϵȫУλİ졣
æתҶȴָֻ˲ٹָһ㣬һųͬʱ䣬ȫʹ
⻹꣬һֱͷǱϽ͵ķϰգȻ϶ֱȡ˾ͷ
˾ӦһһĽҶһϮȫһƣ;ǵĽۣ̫ǽ͵ֱ˼֣ͬʱȣ֣ҪҶӲӲ
ȶ˶룬һȻһҶڵ֮ϣȻͣǵǽΪƵûǽɢȾˡ
ʵӲƴҶĲһֵڣжȫԸϰǻʱѾſˡ
ο˾ȻҶĲ󿴵𣬵书ȷҪҶĸһߣֻǿȺĻҶĸռˣӲƴѰ˿ҶѰ·
˾ҲģǰҶĵɫԽԽѿĵȻӲƴҶĪǾûĲͷˣ
һ̫ȴ˼֣淢֮סҶϵϱӡ
⣬ϵҶͻȻȻһЦڽ㻹ʲôԾͿ˵ɣˡ
˾˵ҶǺͿˣҪЦһϵͷۣϮ
æһ̧ͷȴڿе̫һ۾̫ȻǺǿȻһҲܣ΢һֻƬ̻ᣬҶʹָ֮˻ȥͬʱ£ľȻǽԳ֮
˾汻⾢һ̻عͬʱҲϾȻһϽϮʱ۶ãοҶʲһ·ЩֵľɢǲСֻôƬ̣ϽȻɵǰ˾æֵ;мܡ
ֻһ
Ȼǿᣬǹô˾Գ΢΢һЩֻҪƵľԽϽжһԡ
뵽Լֲһ̧ҶͻȻ١һǱϽȻڿըѿʱ仯׹¡
ˣ
㾰˾𾪺ʹͣͬʱһ˿ֻЩ̬һ֮ΪС
Ľֻ֮ͽ˾̳һص⣬ҶĽЩһСķΧڣЧ˾ÿһ鼡ⶼʮĹˡ
һص⣬ҶĳһһսͷβƴȫƾƲŽ˾ɱ
̧ͷ۸յ̫ҶĻ˻Լеֱۣ̫磡лˣ
˾һ̧ͷ̫һƬ̣ҲԼȻˣͬʱԭزĻᡣͬʱҲʱӦ׼ĻղһִһľҪɾԼϽ
ͽҲֵ̫һôԼĽ治ɱ
˵ʲһ󽻷棬ҶĲһѧ˳ݺݵĶһԽˣҲܻܹһߵ˾档
̧ͷ˿ΧɽѾ˾ɱһţֻôһƣҶľͷȺħ̽۸սȷҪɽɵǿࡣɽɵ߽ȺŹɱ߸ӴճһţڿƣֻҪҴͽУȻ֮Χɱ
ħ̵ҲƳɽʵڵ˳Դɽʱͻر̳˵ɽһżΪ󷨡
۵üҲѰ˼ŽⲼ֮˸ǿзָȻһһơ뵽߽޷ҲܽʹƾӳɢôͽļɿԲƣȻٴյһָϡǵˣٵҲԷһ£ȴ⼸ϰµĽ
Ҷƣħ˵ʬ϶Ǻö˿ڡɽɵõıͳһ߽󲢲ǿƱЩħ˵ʬĿһ̵ĿϿܻһĿӣʵжϾĴϵġ
ٿɽɵʬ壬һȴι״ʬȱʮҵģ״ɫʮְģһϺףźͷɫֶԳһֹĺɫ
ö֣
ҶͫһһѰɵСģöĸȻսͷۣɱ޴󣬶һ鷳Էӳȫʵ
ѰһȦȴûöĸ֣ţͻȻŴǱߴ֮šͷһֻķʴƮƮ䣬ȴǻڷ˽֡
Ҷϸϸһƣ¶˾ȻǸߣ൹ҲǲףһվԼ˵Ѱ˻һλǰ
ǴʱһȴƳ·ּɭɭצʱȻк͸ͬʱһЦǽһ佻ֵĻ¸üͷһֱûչͬʱƮĸƮǰϵŵĶ̽ǲͣźֱȡҪ
Ƶ˴ӦõģҶȴԼƼƮ䣬¾ȻеģǽеྫɱжûʩչȫͱȥǶԷʵǿᣬÿÿʹؼ֮Լͳ⡣
Ҷһ֪ͷйŹ֣Ұ˳ɾԼѰŵλö֣ʵûͻΪλ״
һƣֻԼʦ˶ֻʮָɲͣǿΧħ̽ھͻᱻɫ˭ܹסѩһλʦ̾һ˦һɫɫһתһ߷ֻ˲ͻᱬɱѩûʲô֣һֱŰ㡣
ʦʱõģͣȴʹʱȻûӰӣ֪ȥˣΣֱݶ
ƼҶ̺үСģͷǶ


210 ɱ

ҶƮݶ֮ϣתͷƳͷֻͷԾɿ֮ҲµĴԼ
Ƭ̣ͻȻڵҶŹȻ߾Ȼ˾涼˸µϡ˾ȻΪ˰׳һЩ⹦ǲģжҶŵۻǵЩ
ԣҶͻȻƤһֻе㲻ԣιһ߶Ա̸޾⣬˵͸һӣ
֪λγƺ
ͷ˫צЦϷʥʹߵľʹߣϷľ
Ҷĸ˾䣺Ϲľʹ߳ƺĪΪϲõģ뵽˴ֻͷ˵
һأִͷֻ׷ͯգɫ󣬴ʱһվɽ촵ƮƮõˡ
ԭʹ֮һľʹߣҶ𵱳ţʹ߲书ߵΪգǸʲôسѡġΪǿŵ˽ʹһְľʹ߿óöˡ
ľֲҲȷͶйأҶڽԼĲ²˵ϸ۲ߵķӦ
ľЦֻóöϷɵľʹһλοǶֲȡ֮ڻľǽʯ֮Լеľ޶ɶľûʲôϵҶŴ˷ǲ´ˣ
ЦֵϷóҩԶˣҲˣԲŵľʹλãȡǿľ괺֮⣡ϷϣֻʣһϷҲܽȻ
԰ưס˻˵ҶģЦҶŲطˣϷⶾͬѰһܹ˵ģ
ԭҶĺ˵ô໰Ҫû鿴µֻһ̽ңҲǺǿڸһɶͣĳͻȥǻ⼸ɽڼоڵضˡ
Ҷļⶾ޷⣬һ½סȻⲿԼڣȻһЩ඾ǶԻȻ첻ʲôӰˡ
үҪ
ȻĵҶĶʧɫ¾뽫ֳ뵽ҶᣬֻƬ̼ͽǰŶصԼϣͬʱѹסԼӡ
Ƭ̺ͼҶƻһƬںڣһɹֻ΢ŵһͷĿѣɼ˶֮ǿᡣ
ŶҶһֵǲԼסڵĶȻٳȡΪҪоԵƿѰھһ㣬ħŵ๦ҲֻԼϰǶ㡣ҶеĹȻҲܹҶܹɱ˾棬ȷЩŵ
ҶһƬڵƣľЦҶӣϷ֣ο˵ͻȻһֻһ߲ʰ쵵ʻַľÿĽưٻŵĴһ㡣
ֻл֪⼫Ϊÿǿľ޶ֻҪ΢մһ㣬ҲǼΪ鷳Ի⣬ԼһʼСıͷһ£㱻޶ţʮɹʹɣͷѹŴҶĸǾҪ
ҶЦŵ˭˵ҶĳҪԳֶԸ㣬ԸôʹϹرԳ֣˵ڵأԻµʲž޶۸ҶĳŮԵҶĳŮԺֻ£ͷԸˣ
԰յһ䣺ֻҪϹͬʱסɣħͽ֮ǿᣬԿʰϹġү˹ƶ
˵Ҳ˱ΣԼͬʱƺǰһͣУɫ뵡ҶԼԼӣ»˵һҲӳڤʿˣɫ뵺ڤʿС漸һӡ
Ҷģһһ֮佫ڲдĶظƳ⡪Сͱ̵ٰҩʯ¶Ѱظ˲֣һʼԷʵ˶ͲǱ
ʱҶºҪúʰһϹĪҪҶʧƮһǰϵŵ̽һ裬ϸǺн籡̬һǰȴ֪ǿ˶١
㾰ľҲɫһݣ˾䣺Ů޸ղŻûԹͷҿͷô
ȴЦһԺ֪˭Կͷأ
û䣬Ʈ㻯һһһֱȡľƮûУǻ˦Ʈֻһת֮Ҳ֪Ʈһһʹ˳ֻգۼľǰǰããһƬ
ľʱҲ䱸ʲŻ±еľ޶ţ޷ʹھʹʱָ糣һֱľʶŮӵĹƮҲѰܼԦ˵ġ
ͷҲмְߵϷҲÿͿģϷëûСѾͷ
ͷȻ֪еϵǾȴãݽֻǶʮͷСˣһǱʾԼţXҶԷ񣬶ҪŭԷ
뵽¸һףͷô˵зɴʩչ꣬ҲǹŵǳЦڶһһȫš
ľһָһצƣͷ˫צɣһƬʹһƬƬƮȻѳƬұǲʹմƮȻƱյһȻԴӹȥ
ȴ˫ֱһ̧һǼдֶȥֻһηɳȴǺŷɳľӦٲþͻᱻдסһӡ
⻹꣬ϵ˶̽ĶдǺұ任Ʋ徿Ҫδмܡ
ľһС
˫һ𣬻צΪͷһȻһ쵵ȻʵȴҲԽӭĶдΣǽ̽ҲǲһҪҲϡ
һУдȻֻһ˿ûжϿļľһʧ֣ʧɫôܣ벻ƮȻ޷ϡ
ȴ֪ɽԴӵֻ֮󣬼ι³˲ٲ˿ȻҶһϲּҲһЩڼԼƮ
׶ºѩˣƮµı书Ҫ̫սͻ𣬲òŪдǼ³Ϻ˿ߣڼ仹һЩ߰Ķ֮Ǽ֮£Ī˵ľһֵñ浶㹦һ£Ҳд
ľһĹ򣬻дһ֮Ȼһ𣬵ǰ˵̽ȴûͣ³ơ
ʱ̽Ȼһתڿת˸ȦȻֱľľʱھƿ̷֮һצҪס̽
ϵԼһצ˳תȻʲôҲûץȵתʱȴͻȻԼȱµĶдסͬʱǰ˵Ķ̽˳ԼһһѪһЩڲ࣬طǻҪģǸ˶ǼǱɡ
ÿľﾫͨҽؼʱ΢΢һһһдȴסĸ첲ֱȡԼʺľûס̻צǶ̽һģնյĶɱС
ȱˣһȺһ첲ҲԶдסãд֮ƽȻѲá
תͷ˿£ֻŮӴʱңңԼľͻȻЦסϷΣŮҹô
Цһкβң԰ͻȻǰԾṦͼߣҶŮɽɵṦҲѧһЩħṦҲ棬ʱʹһգ۾Ѿľǰ
ľȻ󾪣ҲΪüƣЦһŮ޼ʶʶϷ򶾹ϵҪ𶾹ųһƬ޶ȴȻһ⧲Щ£ҲӰ죬͵ıѹƵһ١
ôһ˲ĻᣬͻȻһ˫ֵƮľϵĶ̽ͻȻһ㣬һͬʱݺݵһתһǡľĲһصĴ̽ڲֵ࣬һƬѪϵĽƮһ˲Ⱦʺ֮ɫ
ԭȻΪıʹħֻΪħϰĲ̫Χý˲ãͻȻǰҲܽľ񣬶Ȼ뵽µĹôһУΪһʧ㣬׾ٵĸɱˡ
ľ˫һдವɿľȻƾͷʬݶһһˤ֮ǰ
˫һᵯһԾȾѪƮȻҲǶͣȻմȾѪҲϣȴдʱһЩ⴦⣬ʹõʱҲСģܻḽһ㱡Ѫճһ֮ϣûƮԲŻᱻ
Ʈպãḧ˼¡ⶫҶģȻĵĺܡҶģתͷֻҶѾվͬʱҲѾָ糣
үѾƳȥˣ
ţҶһָһùֻһħ̽лںڵڵϳ鴤ֱͣⶾ͸˼񣡡
¼Ҷ˵ȤҲЦ
ʵҶĲ¶壬Źͻᱻס޷Ҳ˹Žⶾذһͳ⣬ʲ˵ҪƶҪԭ˾ԵʱһľԸɴڻָһ¡
û¶ԸľҲûһһֵšյĴɽźԼҶͦǿһ־ʹ˳٣ڻ»᲻ᱻͷɱҶľԱߣҪʱȫԽĨ͸ͷ
վݶһֻһȺħѾ˾Ե·磬ɽɵ߽󷢻˾޴ãͬʱħһ˵ĸ̫ҲйϵɽһȺŰˡ
ǼӾͲˣѩһɱħ̾ȻмܵסƾԼʦȺݺȥǲԼʦ˫ôǸһ㡣
һȦûܼͣҶе棬ܽҶûӰӵĶȻǸ֣һħ̳ĸֱ˾ľʹԼǽ˵ļһǸĵùͽܱˣ
ǲ֪ħֻЩ֣˵иֵǴʱû
ûҶĶ룬ֻɽǱͻȻֳһȺһһĵ˾䣺ȻѾˣֵϣ
Ҳһ̧ͷƼվݶҶĺ̳˹ͬʱṦԾϰգȵʥ̶ɽҶô
ڿһҶĽ²ŵǿשವһ¾ͷ˳ȥҶԼҲһЩݶˤȥÿ¾ַһסΡ
˸ȥܲܲҪôײУ
ֱûʲôϡʵһ֣ͨκҶ֪һҲǸǿļֱ񻰡
ǵ书Ӧûô߰ɣ


211 򽣾
ݶ֮ϣ˫ֱͦıֱԴ΢΢ٲȻһǿ˵̬
ҶĿ˿λ̨֪ͣһߵļһȻ֪ΣƨҲԺúһ¡ǸΪǶеԲ˵˾治Ϊһʼװ֣ӲҶһߵ˸ȵһֱ·磬ֱҲûô

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ħķһˣǾ嶼˭ʲô򣬹򾿾жǿһҶһŲ֪վȻײһֻͣȻħĸˡ߾ħ̾ۼһȺ㲻λɵȱ
ĪǴ˵еĵħ󷨣ȻҶĲͣڸԼλа۴󣬵һ˵ûסʳôһ䡣
΢΢һ£Ĳʲôħ󷨣Լĳ
Ҷ΢һЦڵǰҶĳǴһ׳һʱһ¸µ׳
мһ׽ʲôϡ
λħ̻һŷѹˣڹǿȻвƣʱٻɾԼҲϷ⳯Եǿᣬһд֮Чʱһչ⣬ڻ̫һ㣬ԽԽ֮Ҳɢ˳
Ҷһƣ̾һݣһ۵бƳŹԡʱỺɢ̫֮ơ
Ҳ˵Źȣﻰû˵˹¾ҪԼĹ߾磬һеС
뵽˴Ҳٶ룬һ̧һԾȻϣּҪһ뵽Լû֣ԾʹԼʦõĽȣʦ֣˽ʦԸδ䣬һɫĽѾҶԻֱȡѡ
̧ǵɫЦɲŮӱ飬Ȼҽ֣Ҫȥľ򣡡
漴ܣֻ̧һӣɫͱһȵɢڿС
ѩȴΪ⣬뵽˲׾ͱܣҶӹ֮ѩʩչ޵֮ѩӰΧڵУһһĽϵͷŶȡ̫ѨȡʺֱȡģҲбۡҪ֮ȥġ
ȴ콣ֻһЦСҲҳ׳󣡡˫һȻĳһƬƬӰԶҶһƣһӳʮֱͬʱһ㣬ѩĽȻƾɢ
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û䣬ͻȻǰȻһɫתֱͣԼǰȴǳеʱǰԳһЩųǡñΪÿɫ˽
ΪȻĳɫжôΣգһ̾Ҫֽɢѩ⣬ﻹûüѩֻһȻѣֱ̺ӱ˳ÿųһͻһö֮籡һһȴȡĴ߻֮
ѩһе֣µ⣬ӰһתֱƮҶԣ뵽һأɢȥ֮ﾹȻվԭδϾȻˣŵµƬûϰ顣
ֻ㾰Ī˵ѩһҶҲͫһ˹Ȼǿ᣿ʲʦһ裬˾ҲôɵĽ£ﾹȻˡû֡
΢΢Ťһ²ӣһ΢ĿȻЦλȤĽöһܺͰĦһб̩뿪ʲɽɣŮˣ
ѩԣСһһ࣬Լľκβ˶Է˵Ȼ˼ҵȫĦֱͺͳһŭ˵ʲôŮ
ޣòҪӣҪ㿴ľ
ԣȻֺ֮ɫͿѾͷʲô
ֻѩɫһȻ籡ɫЩϵѩ΢΢Щ˫֮䣬⽣ԽԽСԽԽСͬʱһɫĳ
ҶĸղһѩĻ֪ҪУֻһѩϰӲĹһʱѩ̳ʦлû죬ĪҪã
ѩȴԲֻ˹ʱƼ̳Գ̬ȴĳһ޶ҶϽΪƣֻһΪһΪϡ
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ͬʱѩΪҶһལ֮ͻʣ޼ûǿĹѩһ㲻һСֻǽձ̼ļ֮ʲôҲˣֱӽལ˳ҪԴɱһŸġ
ѩལһͣ˾Ȼ΢΢еȴǹ̫£Ҫ۳ʱľʹǲôѾǿȫʱ˶ٹ
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Ҳû̫⣬ֻѰҲûʲôΪأͬʱٶȺǿࡣ
΢΢һù⽣·ߡǿᣬɵȱལ۶ɣԲضԣ֪ԷǿỹƾԼͱǲţXɵX
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һģһ飬ˢһȻӳһһ޶Ȼͦıֱһ̹һֱǱལȥ
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ҪལˣȻԺһƿֻ֮ƾоĽལҪǿᡣ
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ﻹûӦǽϵȻϽһһ˦֮ƮƮƵȥ
ȻȴСǰѩǶɫȻըѿЧǵ˭֪ɫǲҲ㣿
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ҶļﱻԼк΢΢һᣬ¸ģ̺ȵǿᣬʦҹ
ʱɲ̸ʲôȻ浥ʱʲѩ˼кҶľƳһ﹦ǿᣬǸöԸʲűɱľǿ࣬˾Ҳ˲١
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ﾹȻ̧ͰЩɱһһ⣬Ҷһ֮¾֪βǿУ֮ҲͲԼʦһ˶ԵУʹϽȻʦֺϻ
ʱֻˣΪħԮҲԾȥɽɵӭС
ɽӦһʱʧأһŵӽ˶ʮ߰˸ʣ˼ҲСˣӰʲôġ
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ԼѩԸֻҶ͵ǰһԾͬʱһһ˳⻹꣬һգȻһţĳһɫͷɫͷڣҧһɫֱȡ
ȴҶʹһĳһƽʮƣǰֱѣһ±ʵˣҶƶĻǿƥҲϼѪ
ҲʶʱҶһƾȻƳһӣͬʱϳȻһģˣ˫ȭͬʱ
ֱúȻ죬ĵײһ𱬷ҶԾֻҶļܹ֮վȴò˳һȻһţ͵ԾϰգҶѩɽ
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ڰյУﾹȻЦͬʱһϳȻѣһƬƬĳһͱȾճ˻ҽ
кþûȫԸˣҶźʦ԰
⻰˵ĵޱȣκҶȴȻһ˴ĺһͣͬʱԾнã¶Ǿ׳һ䣺ޣΪǽɰ汬
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ѩһҶⷬ̾ʦ֣һ㻹ûɣ
ҶƲ˲ˣòУɽɽվ͵꣡
ѩҲ֪Ҷ˵ûҶͶ˵һвҶʹŵΪµĹĲǿʹֻԼɴˡһŪãʹ֮ԼͻΪ˲ľ
뵽˴ѩޱĽһ̧ལȥ͵Ϯһܹ΢һҲǺõġལһȥǣֱ˫ȭһգһǿȭ磬ǧһֱӽལҳƬ
ҶһƣʦĪҪ˷ˣ콫ʣµĽ͵ɴУ
ѩɫ̫ˣ
ܲôˣ죡
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Ҷı۵Ͻʱѩ֮۽һֱӾʡˣȫѩɫΪȻͣԼʵ۳һ
ֻ̼䣬ҶΧȻΧһȦȦЩɫԼ͸¶һ⣬ԳǶ˹ۺµĲ
ҶһƣֻΧѾʮһν򽣾һȻڿնֱȥ


212 ὣ
ҶĴʱֻû˺ѿһ㣬Ѿʣ޼ֻһھл
ʱĪ˵ҪʹʲôзǶҲǼѣѾɣҪӺķѹܹҶֻһ̧ͷʮϽ˺һ㣬һת⣬ңңָ
ʱҹľһ򽣾Ȼûɣȴ¶Էܹ
ˣʮɽɳֻһ뿪ҶʮϽȻȻ罣ÿһϽڷеͬʱʮΧƣͬʱÿһתͣȴԽԽ
ʮϽڼٵУֻһȥҶǰһƬ̵̱޾ǵصɱϵͬʱвʱ͸¶һɫ⻪ɫ⻪ȻǺۣÿ¶⻪Գ޾ơ
ڿʹṦ£ͬʱȫһߵ˼£ʱϣһоҪû뵽ҶľȻʹôһУ㿴ǵصĽɱԼΧһƬķΧڼ䣬Ǳ޿ɱܣ״˫ֳĻȥ
Уж
һڣȴּ˼־ʲѾƳҶĵϽԶŮӵལǿᣬལҲӲοϽʮǴʮ־ӦԣͬʱаҶľȻʹǿʽղˣ
ȻľϺγһ޴̫ɢֱҶڡ
κȾûɳԶͱɱལ˺Ƭڿɢһɶ
һ֮¸Ǵʧɫȴû뵽ȻǿᡪֻһôµЧǼʮϰٵͣЪһһĳƾﾢôۻҲмܵס
ҶڵԼ򽣾ȾҲ΢һֻڴһҲĻֱӽɱ
һи㲻ɣ룬ӦȫʵϽҲֻô㣬һٶϽųſƵ򽣾һţκҵĹǼˡ
ֻôƬ̵Ĺ޾Ѿ嵽ǰԼױƣ֮˾ܹסһ
գۼ䣬нݺȥϹӰ˸ҫĿͬʱ֮ڶ֮µɽɵӺħ̽˴򶷣̧ͷѤޱȴֲֿ֮ľ
⡭⻹书ô
䣡޵У
ۣűۣ
ȻˣȴԳ־ãοҶһֻųʮϽϰٵôܼĹƬ̼еʲôӰ쾡ͣЪ
Ҷȴҷɣɰͷϵȵ⻪ɢɾȴʡ
һﾹȻƾ軤ӲһУҶ˵һӣͻȻԴһᣬֱӵͷ
žһˤݶ֮ϣƬ¡¡ľҪݶˤȥ
Ҷļ״֪ȻãǱôལϽϣ̺ǿᾢҲԲܣʱǱ˾Ǳ˹ȥ
ûãеҲЧֻҪһûսɽɽξ㱣סˣ
ϵ⻰ûԼʦ˵ǹһۿžҪˤȥͻȻݶһץֹסΣ˾ȻûҲûлʹȥʲֻǱе㱲ŻôǱˤ
ôһкϣҲ;ǿᾢҲ˵ʲôҲʲһáղƲ״ǽ̫񣬻֮ʱƲ⣬ԹƬ֮󡭡
ֹֻסԼε첲ȻѳѪͬʱһ˿ԳԼĿ

ҲǴһĸ첲ϴĿʹƱѷСͬһʱһһ㡣
û꣬ҲȻֳһѶ˿ڣղһˤײԼƿȪһѪֱһĺȾһ޵Ѫˡ
ﾰҶڽǿ˿ֻһ֪ûս֮ƽһҲͻסս֡
һɣҶľ͸о¸һЩ˵ϣѩԱ߻æַסҶģʦֻô
Ҷı̧˵һ䡮û¡뵽ֱۺƹǦһޱֱ̧ϵľǻĴʹޱȣѩĽޱȷѩк˾ųܵסԼûԹѩԼתһȴھУʮ߰
۾ܵΪأҶϽֱͨ۾ɵģѩĽ˺һҶҲûʲôʩûֱӷֱۣΪѩʣ๦࣬ûҶĵ˫ۻٵ
ˣúһҲָܹͬʱʱҶĲ˶ˣҲ˵һսβٳˡ
ʦǲٺ˶ˣʦҵϢһȻȥڵɱУ
ʱΪĲ״ħ̽ʿɽɵӳû˾ƣͬʱһɱ˺öħ̽ڡһս֮ɽɵѾӦֲɱ߽ԽԽ˳֡
ǰɽɵӻҪ˺ܷӳսСı˳ɢɱһͬţôͻ½üΡڶԽԽ֮ڣ±˳ɢһɿĽ߽ӳ
һħ̽ڵѹȴǸмܲסƽɽбѩֻ֪ҪԼȥһȺħܾڱɵС
ʦأ
ҶĺٺһЦұ˭ָҹȥҶʲһ̫ˣħ˼޲ĸ
ǸѪ˴ʱȻûҲѾǳࡢ٣㶪ﲻܲˣԺҲ
ڽҶĻ˾䣺ȥﲹһ
ѩ˵ͷһͼﾹȻ̧ͷˣȻϡһеȷǿᣬĳʹȻʦʹóҲĸ±£ǲ֪Ҷʲһлʲô֣
ﵹΪԼɣ׹һԼʲô֮¶֪Ҳʵйҵˡ
Ҷļ˵ޱȣҲֱӸһл򽣾ɽɵľѧϧҶĳδɡ
δƣɡҲһҶǴţҶǿѩʹ˵⹦ȷûɣȴǸͬʱɵ򽣾ޱȵϧĳҲԵüˣ
û䣬ֻһӰͻȻݶ֮ϣͬʱһӣһ紵ϵѪֹסðѪˣһ֮ȵ죡
һ֪˭һſ͸оһҩ˿Сⵤҩڼһ֮Уشľอ
߾û̩ҶȴǴʧɫǰͻȻðŮ˲ħʥŮ飡
̻濴ɽɣ˸ľʹߣķеĶһȻʥŮҲ١ҶĳǲӦþң
ƳҶһۣȴǷ֣ѰӼǱһ۾͹˻ȥϧҶƳһɱ⣬ֻ־ͻʲô붼ˡοԷǲݵĵж״ӲҺ˼ˡ
Ҷɫ䣬ƻȻԼӰһ齿ЦҶͲ󣬵书ǿˣѹǲͽᱻסأ˵˴һƣǡԽɱеĻ£´ʱҲ̧ͷ˵Ŀڿнһ
ʦ
㶵վݶˣͻȻ˫Ŀֳ죬ƲԼǰȺආṦԾݶ֮ϣȻңңš
ͽֽӣûбҶ뷿аֶҶĵĪҶͽб˽Σ
ҶĺȵѾɽˣΪҪߣ㣬Ҳߣ
ԴЦҶӣסˣվѵҶģЦҶֵ̧ûУ֪ƾʲô±أ
û䣬˾ȻͻȻʧֻǰһ龡ȻѾԾҶǰһֱӾһҶؿӡȥ
ʱڳУҶĹľãѩҲŻָһȻʣ̫࣬ԶʱӦֻĿһҶؿϡ
ֻ۵һһƺûʲôƣҲûʲô˼һƵأҶȴԲô룬ֻһɴޱȵᾢ͸ֱȡԼอķᾢ̾ͻữһƬ⡪Ĳ飬ڶ̫֡
ֻһƶȻҶıϵһ֮ҶľȻ޶ֻҶЦһ˵Ҷĳ£ǻ˰ɣ
˻һ֪̾²ãṦ˫һ¾ʧٿʱѾԾԡ
չһ㣬ֻŽĽϳһѪۣȻûѪǺһһ۱Ƽ
գֻǴʹиǰޡҶԽգ湦滹һЩҩศסòûȥֱҶҪǣһûŪҶŪ˵ͻȻĽȻ湦ԣʵڽ׽͸
ԭҶĲһƴԼһᾢκֻ¶㣬޷ֹ鼱֮¾Ȼ뵽һӣǰǴ󷨵ԭɢȥγһյĵȻͿԽ˵Լˡ
ȻǴ󷨻ĿھγһյĵֻһҪ󡣵һҶ˵Ѿ㹻ˣʱҲ̫࣬Ҷ̽ɢУеֳһƬա
ҶľⵤѾγ˹ԣǱǽ£Уʱ棬ȻԶȥѰչҶֻҪԼץסͺãⵤѰȻץҶڵһᾢˡ
ᾢҶҲôڣϾԼУԼ·ҲΪͬôس¹ʡԽ˵ͬʱᾢӵг˳һ·ϰķӸǽƳɽȻÿ˳ȥ
γɵĽȻҲص㣬ӰϢ书ߣΪ˹һ¾Ҫ
ôӣҶ̽͹鵤ÿգҪ˶Լ;ˡҶô˷ʱ̣ܶһ˲飬ҪԼһϡ
ζԸȴǴ⣬ڳ˾Ȼûһ˿ӦšţͻȻɽǱһҶһһݣֻħ̵Ԯֵˡ
һЦҶĵߣʥ̵ĴɱССɽɻڼ


213 ţ
黰һ䣬ûü˵ʲôֻɽȻԾӰмϵķ廨ţϱҲǧٹʲôС
⼸˶ǲͣбмܶ˵ĳֻƾһ֮ϳȻûӰƵ⼸˲ͣˣԾɽɽ滹ֻ֪һ΢عͷ鿴ľǿɱ֮ôж˿׼˻ᣬϽһֱӾͱȡ
ԶԶƼ߾ɫ̾һ䣬ɱʥˣǸֵҲϵãɲɽɵǸ״ԪĴͣ
ʦܣ
ҶļҲǴϲԼôòӰǲǱĳħ̸˴ˣʱ֪ͣʱҲȻԼʦܸɱˡ
⻹ֱ꣬һһʣҲмܲס˳һʮÿ˶޽ÿ˰Ľһȴֱȡʹǻط㽣еһ㡣
Ѿ׽˼£Ī˵һɱˣоŸվҲһɱ֮ǰһʮȷֱ˼˵һЩҪѨλʹöʮеĽС
ʱһʮʹ꣬˱˵ϣҲһϸϸѪۣϢѶϾ
ɱ⼸ˣṦֱڿһת֮϶˳ֻӳʹ̫·ֱȡѪյ
֪һʲôˣ˻ѪˣȻûлַ֮վһǾ;ǵˡȻǵˣôɱãԺһ鷳
ʹͦãﱻסѨȻֹסѪǴʱҲãħеҪְ鲻ܰװ׿ɱһȻӦԣȴָ
湦ɣһޱȾѾָһһʱмͳȻãֻܷܷͳһģһ˳ĳǳ̱һƬƬ
ҲǴһû뵽ĹȻѾǿᵽȾ磬Ӧ٣˳ûԼϣͬʱģһƬƬĽƬ˳ȥֱ
Լһ֮ڿһתԽ֮䵽ҶԣȻתͷͿԼһоʲôЧ
ϵԼһͷͿЦſԼʲ齣Ȼȫˡ
ʦ֣컨ꣿ
ҶĳԼʦܣĵʦУʹһУȻѿھ͸˸֣һӣԻʦһУ
ԭ춼ǽƬȻԼƾ賬ǿṦ׶κﶯãԱһӣһƬ澢籡ЩƬһɨУ̱㻯ɻɢڿУҲѼټ
ʱͻڿţȻ㾰󣬵ҶĺͻµȴƵһ
ŵĹȻǿ㾳磬ǽ湦ˡۻ£Ѿһ˸ɾԲŻǿ̶ֳȡ
鿴Ҷ£ЦµûѾӻѾͷˡΪֽһ֪ǿ˶٣
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һ˵ţһ䣬¶ǼϸָָָҶģָָͣǼһҲӲָָ£ѾͷȥֵҲǲ˷˱ôĿ࣡
˵ŻͻȻԺƷϮ̻־һȥΪһ¶͵Ϯ֮˳ԸͷԼһתȴӰƷ羹ȻԼϮƾһֻ֮ƷѹѾò
ߣڱǰǲ
û䣬٣鲻Ӱӣһֱڵ϶ҲҲһˡ
ҶתͷһƣֻԭطɶԶĵطͬʱһۺɫӰڰжȻһתȻֱ˹ȥ
һվӰӾȻ˹²һѰ˼ʲô֮ѸȻԼڱ֮£
һӣֻžһǷۺɫӰһƺ֮ɶˣֱɲſվȴûʲôԭվȻöԷƾȣǹȴԶԼֻʲŶ֮ʱԼ֮΢һ𣬲һת״Ҳû⡣
ʱ˷ֿҾ˲ۺɫӰȻһŷۺȹŮӣò֮Ȼ湦ԼĹǵĻ֮¡
òüͷһ壬ȴǲʶŮǺˣҲδ˵ɽһˣĪǱɵĸֵϢǰôжˣûбˣ
Ҷ֮󣬾һһڣǸ뺰ֵܣһһȹ̱˿ڡ
ɽɼ˻Ѱ˼Ůʲô·ʱҶһڣѩͻһǺˣѩͽһǸʤ
ֻδʤתͷҶģϣԭʦֵôȻִһŮӣһۺòҲǲ׵ĴŮתҶ˸ãҶţ̾͵ʦֿǡޱ߰
һ仰ҶЩһѪа˸ȥӿûһӷʲôȻԼʦһۣǳ˾䣺ʦĪҪ˵λҵġǸŮ
ʱʤѾ˹ҶģȻ´ͣԶΪһӢŮӣýһƲſǸصصĴүǡ
⵱ֻɽǱһɱ֮ҶתͷһƣһȺħ̽ڻŻŵɽܣΪħһԮɱ֮һȺɽŷε˲ͣĳɽ
һ˽С磬˫ֵ˸ǻأŹǿᣬɱЩСආֱǿвһ㣬һ˻ΨҶ𹦰Եǳǰ漸˼һţֱӾһȥƾ˴Ĳ͸һҲ֮֡
ڴɱˣͼؼΪģǻɽӣɽⳡΣѾǻˡ
ɽЩľӪŵҲ˼һЩճɽ֮²ȥɽɸŵĵط׬ǮıӪҲΧĵط
⼸Щ˲ͣɽɸЩܹߺ֮ͬҲʼ½ɽ
ħ̽һ죬Щǻɽϣʱ򼸰˽ưڿħ׵Ľɽ
ħҲ֪һ㣬ԽʱҪͻϮͬʱɽɵӸֶ֮ǧûϵͺͻغһ
һʱȷһħ̸ָ˿ȥֻ̨͹͵ṦͬʱҲԼ̫ߣûܳԶͱṦϣȻһ콣˸͸
ƻɽͻȻɽɽ»вٵӣԼȥЩӼȻɱɽϣħ̹ɽ֮Ȼ⡣
ĵȻҲĵתתȥ£˲ٸɽɵӣȻܻɽҵɽھֵˣھҲвɽɵӡ
˻һ֮ɽɱ·£˲ˣȵɽ¹Ȼħ̵ħ̱Ϊϼ־赲סȺں֮ڣ뵽Ҳûܻɽֻûһ˻㲻ʲôϾħҲǹܡǡôʱɱʶֱӾϻؽǸָɱˣȻһɽɱȥ
ͺͻֿһȺȻһ·Уߵɽʱײһħһɱɽˡ
ʱҲ鱾ԼȺһɽֿ̾ͻ߽⣬뵽ɽɾȻֶһȻɽϵĵѾʮ˴ˣһ³ˣħһ¾;ơ
Ͳ࣬ʱͷļ˵ˣֻһ£ٺãҲסٺһΧ뵽ĸֵˣ֪᲻ɸ½뵽˴Ѿȥ˼
תͷֿɽˣЦһҶ󣡡һ˦һƮסֱ֮ӾɽǱƮȥ
죬䱸ͻȻ͵Ϯ뵽Ůһͷ̾һ㶼ԥеֲӦԡ
ֻ·޺ޣµʱƼһɽֻӾ޴ؽħ̵ͻ˲ˣ֪Ҷĵ״֮һɱ֮һֱȡġ
һҶĵ˾κ̫ԶϻԴСȫɱУȻƲÿǰԶϹͻȻһʦС󣡡
ֻһֻĳħ̵͵ϮԼ־һȥ
ؽǾŽɵıУŽ͸Ҷ֮Ҷת־͸ԼӣأѰ˱öòʱȫ𣬱һʯ죬ûҵԷֲƾѾжֵ
Ҳûϵ޽Ȼֲִֻܱ֮任ζƣͬʱʹָǾ޽һ㣬һ͸޽ֱ⺮ָȫƾڼҾˣһᾢǿᣬһֻҪܵһָǽ϶
ûϵǷ֮Լһָȥ󲿷ˣԼܵʮһֻϢһû״
ŮҲûʲôֱȭʹСϡ
鱾ΪԼһָȻԽСӱϵԷû£ܻȭ֮¾Ȼй˸šһȭʮֹŹ֣ԼĻ徢Ȼڵסһͣתľ͸󱬷ңȻиγ֮С
ҶĵͽܾȻô
һ޹󱻹һȭĸнʹֻʹþ޽СţѾپ֮Ȼ˵Լ
оͬʱȫṦûӰӣʲôɱɽҶĶһߵȴҲˡ
һȭǱӣԼҲĪϹĳ嵽ǰǵʵʦ֣ղһȭʲôȻô
ʦãһƵ˵˾䣺ʦ̵®ɽ԰ʦûѧô
®ɽԣǲɽ𣿡
ʦ˵һ®ɽٲһУԱ֣
Ŷ
ʱսѾʣ˵Ҳûħ̵ˣ˵ŻҶļѾԾֱӳ嵽ǰСӣƵĪֻûԾ
Ҷ˼ͻȻĪйʲô
ҡҡͷûа
ô£
ԭʲŹбƵߣƵΪ˷ˣĻϵı仯
ħʥŮ湦߾飬Ȼ춼ֻǿżĹˡҪ˵ȥǽ˻š
׽͸ʤͻȻڵʲŴĸطݶֻϡһȭ飬ȴƲʲôλá
ָָԼ
ʤһȻһЦԭΪһû˵뾹Ȼ˵
˻һ˸Īˡ


214 
ħսڶħ̽ڱɽȥκɽ涼Ǿڣֻһɽ֮·ֱ˶˸ʵʵڶֺԼͬţֺ飬ʱʣħ̽ھͱɱ˸ɸɾһ
ҶһֱԹۣδֹҪ¼ڣҲǻȵ˶ɱˣ˵»Ҳã˷ʳɱ˸ɾ
˭Ҳ˵׼Щħ̵龿Σ¼ڣܻԼлãΧȵԼŴȥʱɽǲ⣿
οħ̼Ȼɽɱӣֺݵôͷ֮
תͷĹˣֻǰͥԺʬأʺһƬ˵ʬǵһһȥֲ徿ķԶǻֺǱƬǼ׳ҲǵۣѪ߰ߺòҡ
ҺɽɵӽοǰͥУ˳嵽ȥżмԼĶҲ̳غԺնɱû˺Щͨ书澡
ȵսֹЪҶĶԻȾѪȴֻһС˵ܶ㽻ˣǵȸ˵ĵˣȡ
ܶ书ߣҲ֪֮ȥһЩֶԸԼ΢ȥĹӦɽɵӳܹסħ̵Ĺƣܶұ߹û
ԴΪ飬֮ʱߵϰŴ־ͻᷢԼбܶɽɵƵУΧŹ
ԴôãܶȻѪԼѪȴû٣ʱҲֻ
ҶһƣȻŹҲڣλɽǰˣɽɵ۾ȻҲѪۣҪܶǱĶ࣬ͷϸǱ˺ôһ˿ڣʱԵĵҩҶתͷǡÿһĻ
ţʲôʱܳģ
ղҳһţԼȺ˾桢ｻ֣û˼ۿŹʲôʱ֪
ԭŹ𱾺ڶһ뵽ɽԺ߸ֹ߽˳˹ħ˳嵽˴ɱ֮󣬼˾ͿʼҪҪȥǰæ
ŹԸ˵ȥǰ濴һͺħ̽ͽһţ޷ȥԾһֱڡ
ŹĹҶĲûдʲôֻһȫķȫķѾռȫɣŵֻҪ΢ЩΪ˾ͿϰҶļŹ죬ֻǵ͵ɨ͵һЩŵӸͲ֪Ҳ书
Ҷļӣͳ˸ʱ佫ķھڸȴн⣬ʲô̶ȫŹԼˡ
ŹҲĲⷬսȻûŹǰĹǼֱǲܵġ
һ£ûƵʲôˣҶѩͻ·ţż˽УʱҪڴˣ˭ʾҲɾͽ
бΣҶ֮󣬶һʾ⣬Щ˾ԼλãʤΪǿˣɽȭȻǰУҶ಻Զʱ˵Ҳ㡣
֪Ϊι֪ɽѣ
ʤЦЦһص֮鷳ƣߡ䷢һЯűƽݶʱΪ⣬˼ȴԽԽִ࣬Ӽ˿Ⱥ˵Ŀɽɣںһǡײħ˹ɽ
ⷬ˵Ǽ򵥣ʵȴҪӵĽ
ħⷬĶȻ֪ٺߣͲ״ֻħⷬʲôĿģײӦԣһ߷֪ͨʦһˣһмӣԷħ̳ûᡣ
ʱħǱ߷ųϢ˵ħ̵ȺҪܶ棬ħ̾;ΪǿһɺôһȺ۵ʱǺĿںʱɣͬʱҲȷһȥ
˭Ҳû뵽ʵһڷɢƽݶɽˡȺעǱߣƽߴҲ֪
ʤ֪ҲɶɣԴ뿪ɽ֮˼ңֻüԼԽ죬Ȼص˼Уʤһŭ֮»Ůװ
ƲңǸұ
ΪӱӣʱִŮװܣ־ŭʹκζʤԣֱ˵һ䣺жǺȥŮӺˣȻת뿪˼׼תת
ʱʤһ÷Ҳڳ춫ںǹ丸˵ԵɱԼӱӣҵ궨µҪˡ
ǹ붫ʤСһ𳤴󣬶˸ֻ⼸궫ʤһֱѼӰʤʱҲʸ˼ϵ־㤵ĳ棬ǹﾪĿɿڴǹĸ׸첻֪ôӦ
ǹﻹףλСҼҾ׶òٶ˼ֱӾͽʤ뵽һЩϲõ۶߶˺һ˾䣺֣Ҷµ£ҲᣡȻקԼŮ뿪˶ҡ
ʤԼ뿪һ·ҴײײһСħ⼸˼òѱаϵʤȻûɣҲ⼸Смܵסģ͸ʰˣͬʱ̽ħȺҪȥƽݡ
뵽ʱõϢħ̵Ĵֻ۷Ŀƽݵɽɣʤ̸ħ˺һ·ϣŸɽһսʱᷢɵż·أɽɵҲһ޶ǶʤṦףҲһϲϡ
˶ʤĻҶ˶ʤΪλе֣ⶫʤΪζѵͲ֪бôʤ˵ʱԼ鶼䲻ԣҶĲ֪ͼѾַˡ
һʣֻʤʧ֮ɫȻٴ֮νļҡҲһ޶԰һȻ̬֮˼ϧֻǵмʸ˵Ķ֪λǸʲôʲһҲѩ֪˶ʤⶫʤⷬ󣬼ͬ̾ƫ֪Ӧ
˵˴һ˽֣ͷӦ죬ͻȻʵˣʦֽ˾ʲôľһȭʹ̶ֻӣ
һ䣬˵עе˹ϣ˶ԼŵŵĵͽֻǼʱڿУʦҵ®ɽԣ
˻һֻǰһ®ɽʲô򣿡
ҶȴӶɳ˲֪ô®ɽԸԼ֮ʱ͹ġ˵®ɽԣһתϹȭˣûСֿӵƶ£һиûʲôȻҶھģ³ʵڲôһȭٲôš
Ϊһȭֻأתͷ򶫷ʤΪʲ˵Ƿֱ
ֻʤЦһƵͬʱĳһΪ԰㵽ϵס˲ֻ֡޹ˣϵλһȭǡðæǱ令赲סľ˽ȥ
Ҷһʵһ°ʲôİ
ʤͻȻһ죺ҡҴһ廨İΪϸСԲײǶʤؼҺ󣬼Ѿ廨ʱ뵽ģȻ廨ܹ״͸˿ôѹ״ǲҲԴ򴩻飬书ǿʹһУϵһȥʯ󺣣㷴ӦûС
Ҷȴ̵ȥ廨룡ֵܣĪǿ䣿ֻȴ˼״ȭ͵һƣԭˣһȻûܹڣҲ令֮У䲻ôȴҲΪ㹻ʵûɢ
ǡþһԴǵ֮ԵľתǵԵľ֮ҲתĻȻ󱬷ش
ԣֻǾǿᣬһȭ֮¾ȻдԼæȥǼ׷Ͼǰ·㹦ǿҲֲסôΧ
ҶһʼĩңЦŵԺʦֳ棬ǴδζŵĶӣɱħˣңΪ泩ʱҲЦź˿ЦˣȫȻǰһŭƽģ
Ҷҡҡ֣һɺ£ȥܲˣϾһƣǾȻϲģ
ʵҲ࣬ɽ̶ֻ֮ݳԶȻѰ˸صڿʼ˹ˡһ˹ˣ̾ͷɾǶҵķŮӵȾͬһԴ޶£ɲΪɽСӻᶮöҵĹͬʱǰﴦ΢һϸһǰ
ߣ񹦳ɣշģٿ磬Ļ
˹ؼԼȻǱԷܵģһʱŭѵսһԴ
ȵ˽񹦹һȻȺСסˣתͷһȺСͻṥ򱾽̳ʱʰҲǲ٣
漴ֱ߶ȥͰź˽ӦĺϽܶ潫ⶫκò
ħ̹ɽʧܣ۽һϢܿͱҶĸ˳ȥֱʱż͵ҶĵϣҶĲһЦⶫһҶĳ¾أͲȼżӦÿʹôħĹɣȱ˵ʹӽгˣ
ʱҶľԼڣҲ½ѩҲüͷʵĻôͿɣ
ҶһҶĵļһЦǶɽ̫ԶҲż˼˼ˣûҪүǰȥɣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲܣ
ʵԼ뵽һܣǾǶҸǹⲻģˡ㣬Χħ̻ҪСϼһﰵ°ӡ
ҶȻھ¶ԶҲǸöΪʤٶͷӡ󽵣οⶫҴûιԼֵҰģҰ֮˶ٶЩڡ
㲻ԴֶκˣȴҲҪֹ˺Լ
ŲͬԹ̹̹ţҪӣЩֶҲҪ˽⡣ΪʩãֻΪ
ҶֽżյȻ˻֣ȳȥɣҪ˹ˡ
ǣүʦ֣
ŮҶķ˳ѩȴһɫԻµˣʦֵȴȫȻתļ󣬶һָòһɣ⡭
µ´˵үǿʹ򽣾۾ǿдʹһζǼΪҪڣ澭оΪҪ˷Ȼ׻ָˣ
ѩҲǲЩֻʦʼղɫչģҲҶԼżƸ׻ָ
ʱȴﴫҶصģ˲µģ


215 Բ
оѩͻµĽŲȥˣҶųһԼؿ̾Ǵ󷨹Ȼа书Լǰյһھԭʹһͳôͷ
뵽һԼȵõļؼûеõⱾǴ󷨣ʱԼ治ֵܹסŹջרϰ˹
ǰ㣬־ЧԼ˶پͻᱻĥʹԼһʱͻᱻǿĻճɻҽ
һ뵽˴Խǻһ
ѹȴټ˹ķš湦ҲֻȡһԪԼĹȡµĹΪͬһԴ
뵽ɽɵıǺŹ֮ǿẮ䣬˭˭
δһʱУĺҲǱһ˹Ž仯⡣ĺ֪ǿ˶٣ҲûˣֱӾͱ˱
˼һҶִͷһⱾ볭д֮պãȻ󿴿ûкʵĵٴȥ
Լǰںãļ̫֡񹦡ҶҲΪĶΪŹòˣȴҪŹæ
ⱾؼǰЩٻģҶĳʱ˷ܣϸһ룬ɽƺûܹɴ˹ȻɽɶǵڹĸǹѩԼͶѾ˺ʵĹ൱磬ʱٻƺе㲻ʡ
ոտʼϰʱ֮ͬʣ̫񹦲Ϊ仯ǬศΪоҪ˵˾ҪŹңڹϰܹķ񹦵
ҶܵȻأѵֻҪǱϰ֮ھͿɻָ糣
ɽɻҪ׼ħ̣ڶʱڻָɽɵʿҲһ־޴ĴԼҪƾͼ֮ϡһˣжܵӰ죬˫۾ȻԺתԱȰƺãȻȥϱ˵ľ
ϵǡǱᾢˣƵĻ;ڼྡྷչ鼺ãȻĵԶڡ
Ҷʣ̫Ǿʹͬˡ
񹦶ƽͣ仹಻ͬΪƽ;ƽͣƾα䣬ֻһžӦԣ̫ȴɷֻ任ҶҪı任ķ
ֻҪŷԼԱ任ԵƣǿֻҪ²ͿԻָԭ״̬
Ȼ˵̫񹦾ͱǿᣬֻǡǶ֢֮ҩˣ۹̫̫񹦵ص㣬ҲĶ֮ĻҪʹߵΪٳӣϵѷָ£ǵŶĹ
Ҷķһ̾˿ҲǲκֻһͼһרᾢһԼһɾȫˣҲ֪ͼûкõģ
һͼҶûɽҲ˵ǳͼ¼ûУֱⱾ̫򣬿ʲôʵۿԽһĻҲˡ
̫񹦣ҶҵǶǿ仯Ĳ֣ȷԼܷʹЩھʮһʱҲ̫ǿᣬʵڲоɢ¡
ؼһѣҲɢ
źãҶϰԼ侹ȻƿһԼǰͬʱһСڵﵱзڲתͣʱ֮⣬ʹˮᣬҶļ㾰ϲ֪Լ侹Ȼνӣͬʱ̫֮Լ޳ͻֻתζѭͣȴǽѭ
вдᾢҶĵһǱ֮Ǳ֮Цݻ⣬Ȼе֮ر任ǲҲڼ仯ΪҶĵ׳һֵ֮ص֮»һ֮³õֱȥ
ѭ£ϵƽˣȻԷɢȥܴľ
ʱҶֻûһ̩Ȼڱڲֹż֮Уȴܡ
һйҶҲ֪˶ãֻ֪ˮУԽԽͬʱڵʹнĸоеĵطҶҪݺץһ󡣺ǵԼйˣǿżʹ
ģҶֻûԽԽֱʧʱķԼڵƲѾ˴룬Ҿԭּ˼֣ȴø´
ѽѽʦǹ⻷ӽĽҲ
Цŵ٩Լһ䣬Ҷ˫ۣͣȴǹâˡûңȻڲֱ˴ˣܻ任вŻųͬĹʡ
任ھµĻôͻʱҶһĳڼƾ˵˵һųҲΪҲɻ任磬ȫƾ⡣
ҶȴƼ浣ǵԼһۣȻϲɫ˵Լϣүˣ
Ҷıһ˸ֲ¿޵ϡﻩҲðƿֻḧŻµıɵѾͷʲôүûô
³ҭҭү㡭㶼졭ûˣ
ҶһһΪʲô¾ȻֵôԭԼһȻ죿ȻôˣһֻǼʱأ
ڴʱѩֱӴ˽ȴȻ¿Ҷʲô⣬ʱһԭҶ˹ֻҶϣ˱һţѩᡮߡһǹĵʵʦˣûô
Ҷ˵ص֮󣬻ºѩ뿪Ҷķ䣬չŲģȵϵʱ¾ͽʺҶĳԷݿһȥͼҶϥйֹϾǱ仯ͣԳһ̫ͼ
һ󣬲ʲô仯¾ֻҶ˹ˣûдţֻ֪ͨɽڱչˣȻ鿴
һ컹ûʲô뵽ҶɲѣϾǺǿǿʱվҲܸܵĵ棬֮ǿǽҲǴһϣ⾢֮ͱҲ
ʱ򼸺΢ɲ飬ߵҶԵʱоŻϢڳһҹ˼˵˾䣺ƺһ׼ΪĵҹϢˣĪҪҴšɢ߻ħ
ʱʤҲԱߣͷһҲѣֻ۾˽ۣЩɣ쿪ʵƳǵ񹦣
һһָҶֵ̫֮ͼڵĵǵ̫ͼϷȻԵѧԼҹͨҲϵġ
һ仰˵˿ЦãȴӦԣֻ˳ȥôҶġ
ڶʤȴԲһץסһʵͷȻһƳôܷƳµľ
һһ˾Լ֮¾ҪգǿɽɵĿ˵ĻǵҪ
תͷֲ֮ɫƤ۶ʤ֪һ֮£ͻȻġסһ
֣֡һ˵һΧŶʤת˼Ȧ´˸ûꡣ
ʤôҲûԾͷ˫۾͸һƵأͱľ֣ЩҪֱͷÿ뵽ɽɣǸûнԼҶĵɣסûг֡
λţԡλСֵܡҲԣһһڣѩͻ¾ͶһۣоȡⶫʤɽϾֻм֪ǻĵļһҲֻһ͵Ư㣬֪ʵ
뵽һֻ⼸ۣȻͿ˶ʤѩͻ²òаһ
һȴ˼ֻǵϷ߽ʮأͷһμһɴ֮ӲУƫǸŮ̬米òŮ󣬱ҲǸӣϷû´Ӧһ湦Ӳ´˱Ůӡ
˵˴һͷֻԼ˵ĻǻѣֻϷ²⣬ʵԽ͸µܽ˻ŮӵĹ򡭡תͷȻͣ⵱񽭺Уһô
죬Ҳ֪ǷӦûش𣬺ڳһȥˣλСֵܳ˲ٿ࣡׽͹ǣͱ任ʹ顣˵ŮӣֻѰ˹ͷҪĥοܵʱҪͬӣ
һ䣬Ƥ޲Ҫ䣬ʤһһ˵ȴԼܵѣһɬԼһпȫΪԼĸ֣ȻԴԼɬȴԹޡ
һƵֻʲôԣҲ˵ˣȻϷ֪Сֵʲô򣬲Բе书Ҳգ
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ðԵĹ򡭡ɽֻǵһ̸ۣ۶ʤǹˣǾҶϣ
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һŮʱûӦһ²ŵʦֲѾԲˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷɫȴɹŹʣֵ⣬ֵˡ


216 ͷ
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ԲǣĵȴսΡһƬ˹ҲѸ࣬ԺʱҪԭһЩĻҪԭ죡
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ԼʦڴһҹƵҶʲôҲûɡ
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ʤԣҶģͻȻڵҶ֪ȴԹơ˵ҶģѵҶžһŮ𣿡

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ʤ˵ͷãڵ֮߱ҿɲ֪ܷ񰾵Ĺȥ
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ҪȥʤһͷʤվԼȴǲ֪ʲôʱѾԾṦǵһ
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ֻǶʤȴţôǹң


218 ξ
ȥһǴˣȻûȫתůһƬϺǰԭԼʱ䣬ɽҲʼ׼׼ᣬȻΧħ̡
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ɽ⵽ħ͵Ϯȴħ֮˾ͬʱɱħ̸˾棬ʹߵľʹԼشһ±ܹ㷺̣̾ɽ治⼸ͷɣʵȻǿᡣ
ħҲ߯ȺˣֻһҪ˵ʲôԳ࣡
Ⱥ۱ҲԶˣҶֱӾԼſڽħ̸ˣ

ɽɵʤȻȺ۵ʿʿеͷ˶еäĿֹۣΪνħҲˣֻҪȺɱʲħ̾ͻ߽⡣
Ⱥ۵ļλﻹûôͿʦһڵ֪ɽ⵽ħ͵Ϯ֮󣬵һʱʹṦ߳ĵӴѯɽɵҪɽɵʧƲħ̵ʵΡ
Ϊһʣ˵ڶ£ɽҶħ̻һս˽ֱħŮ͵ϮƷǳأȻסһȴܵӰ죬Ҳ֪ʱָܻ
ڳ֮⣬ɽƺûʲôҶĵʦúʦܶ⣬һЩ֪ĵǶûܵˣΧħ̵ʱЩ˶ܳ֡
ЩϢȫǴںģݿɿʿԣɽҶźܿܲμΧħ̵ʢٶרˡƻָĽϺãôȥʱҲ嵽һȥ
޷ҶѾԼشħ̣ɱħ̸Ѿ´˵湦ǲȥҲνҶŰĿɱħӵġ
ĿǰΪأԳеҶĴʱԺСԼʦò֡
ʦ֣ˣЪϢˡѩͷͲûԴؿˣֻƾ˵Լϵ˫ֶ˿ûɿļаǲСģȻʦץסˡ
ҶĺǺЦ˼ɫ֮ãαżȥЪϢʦþͶʦһɣ
һվŵĻЦƳҶĴʲôˣΪŮȻڣֻҪʵʵĿžͺˡ
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ʱҶƽȬһҲָ˹ΪʦһҪԻħˣųϢ˵ҶˡʵҲѻˣָֻĿһ㡣
ˣԵıˣҶѰ˼һЩϲּ飬ϧѩЩʮ־ѣ˿ϸҶİᣬÿμᱣ־벻Ҷץ
ʦãǰ°˰ɣ
ЩҶ⻰ѩȴе㺦ÿÿҶתһߣýգҶץסὫסϸǵ˵ýձžҪϳƱ
ѩ̧ͷʦ˵ʲô˼
ѩߵ˵˼䣬˼ʦһ˵ѩߵҪֻ꣬ϧԼ˱̫㶼ûط㡣
ЦţͻȻԺ˽һ㾰Цϣʦֺʦ㶼ڰ
ԴԼԺӺѾٻصˣæźͻζȻҶǰˡȴ֪ôô˻
ԭסǷѾø˻£ʰûߵĶһСָָСݣЦŵȡ㶫Ǽ˵СһڣҲƹƹҵһ졣
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͸ճֵʱѩ˼£Ҷʼû֣ʱѩʵʦܻʲôˣ
ϵĶֻȻдŴ𹦼֣ҶĿҲǱһԼ¼Ƿݴ𹦸ͺ;ôַˣ
ͶĹҲһ̶ȣ׼׹ڸڵΪӦÿֱСɣ
Ϲɽ⼸꣬һֱ޽ڹȻҲǺܿ죬վڹĵӣһֱûѧʲôֱͲžϹͿžѧˡ
ؼΪɺûԼҲû̫һֱԭʰʱҲûϸֻ͵һЩʫᣬһ鼮һѵСȥˡ
ȥÿԺҪһʱûעⶪ﷿ˣǲĸӵأ
Ҷı֮پʲôƵأĿɿڴĿϴһƬҳȻʩʩȻߵԼǰʦֺʦ׼ʱɾͺ°
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Ҷѩļ޸κƣҪĴƺˣôֻܵȵħ֮ս֮ٺúõĲٰһ
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գգۣ˿Ҷģʲô£е㲻ʲôҪӰ죿
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˵겻ѩһƵתͱԼԷ棺ʦñĪҪ
¶ԼצֻϧҶֻŻŻˣѩͷͲԽ׳ذ벽ռС˱ա
Եڶܻ֮пʧܣȻ޲硣
ɽ֮ϣһȻ֣˵ħ͵Ϯɽɣɽɴˣ˸˾棬ʹеľʹߣ
˻ϵţ֣ο
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һЦ𣿡еţֻ֣ûһ궯ȴǱѹȵĲò˹ֿ
ʦܣֵдԣɽҶˣʦܾҶŵƻжأ
һ˵֣һ˿⣬ȴ֮ʧҶˣΧħ̵ʢѾܲˣ
ô
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ߣʲôӽӵĵƾ㹦ͨҲֵס˵ħֻҪٹЩӣһϣɽɱڳͷӬʰȻ⡣
⣬ǲ˵ȴһϷ̬ˡ
˵ʵҶ֮ǲŵģԸΪϼһŵķԻħ̡
ǶҶĵ书ģǵĶϼһ˽жϣ˿żҶľȻܹɱħ֣⹦н
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ҲǿṦʦܲŲǰֳ㲻֮ɫȵ˳ȥҲӰ˲һ
ʦ֣˵ʦǲǶˣԶԻŵ
ɽе֣еǴʦֻ֡һɽӳǣˡ
֣룬ȷĵʦֶȻѾִϲ˵Ҫǰȥڰйעң
֣һ亹ΪԼһΪǵŭ뵽ֻڼͽ¸˹ȥһе֣ʦ־ʲô뷨
룬ȷĵʦ֣ǲǴʦҲһ뷨
֣˵ͷûܣ漴ֵǶΪɽɳΪɣʹֶαҲϡںڵҲģŵõλôֻҪܹɹɽɾԿۣ֮
ʦҲһֱҪɽɳΪɣһǲͻģֻʦƺû¶Ҫǡ˵Ͳ˵ˣ˼ƣʲô˰͵Ƶء
˵ͷ
ˣɽɵ顭
ϴ˵ɽɿܺǸϹϵʦĴһҲûʲôɽƺֻǸ͵Ķһӵ书ǰյĵӣҲ֣ͷۣκʼղ鲻õĶҶĽֵʱҲûҶϿ书Ӱӡ
ҲֻܵǸϹ޹ɽȴײҵȺ£ϣϹû˵ڱˣ
֣˰֣ߣϹȫһƣȻãҶôҲû˭ҴҶ˵飬ǻ߱˾һغˣʦܲҪģֻҪСͿܻΪϹ𣡡
ţʦ˵ļǣ
̸Сģȴʼûв̸ӵݶϣȻһˡɽж˶ԻĶУȴƽ֮߰üͷѰ˼
鷢չ񣬵ȷӦˡʦһ㿿һǼᶨվһأ
һһ貱оۼһԲ򣬷תɶǺÿ߲ϼ
𹦡βɣѵֻʦһħ
ɽ˼ͣһҶͬ˼ţҪɴȰѻ³ˣĻʦûİɣ
˿ֿ֣˿֣ѽԾ񣡡


219 Ϭһָ
ҶĿ˿ϱᣬȥĿ˰ֻεĸ̾ӵ
һ˵ãʵһŹҲüëľѧβӦҶ̾ġ
Źۼ򵥣ƴľͷӦٶȣ
˵˾ֻҪ㷴ӦٶȺ죬ôûⱾؼҲܹ񹦡֮޷ɣؼҲûá
ϸ뵱еļλ֣ڻʦڵһöϵĹԼָμסԷȭͷһ⡣
ɽһһȫʹǿԱճʦʱӵĴˣɲΪԼⶫܹסοһͰԼסˡ
ٿᶫңͲ˵ˣΨһܶԸƺǱŵˡҪñȫʩչ𽣷콣ˣԼܲܿԷ⡣οסԷΣ׹ܹؾֱڼסԷʱסԷΡ
ϧûô⹦򴿴ǼϵĹ򣬽ʱҲԴѨΪɱԶԼָ
εķֻεϬһָԼ˵òҲÿԼĵûܹ
ϬһָҪھ£Ҷ漴㽫պã˵ԼܹŹģƾֻңˣҸʱ佫ھڸܲɻ˵õʲô̶ȣǾͿԼͽܵˡ
վҶתתŬѩ⼸ղӰԼëëŵԶԼء
µǾԼתƣԼҲᷴʦõٿǻµ飬ǿǵôʦһֱԼҲý󵽵ĺá
ЩҲˣصΣǰöСѾͷڼֱͺҷûʲôˣ͵ĴС鶼æʱʱ˻ĴתתȸС£Ȼûĳɻ飬ҶĻСͰѻظԵĸɸɾˡ
ԼļӣƴΪħǵʢ٣ĸȴгͷķͷ϶Ǽ˳С¶һҲǺõġ
οЩӻɽƣɱЩˣԼ׳ЩҲǺõġ
Ȳ̸ƽЩҲûڽˣרɽʦ̵
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γҲû׼ҲΪˡ
ӦǼƽˣǰιڻιÿȸʦʦǵϺãȻ΢һ³Էһ󲿷ʱ䶼ͷɽڿҵˣ书һֱȲûƿ⡣
ңڷܵǸԼߣ书Ʋ˼ΣҪϸϸͨ͸ӽ⣬˹ǿԲ֮⣬ֱͺҶʹһ޶
ʱҶѰᣬϬһָĿھңӾȻֻһ֮ͼǵҶѰ֦⽫֦һСľȻһһңӡ
ңָ֮£ľָ֮䣬󼸸ϬһָеĹַһһ䣬ϬһָʹļΪ˳ƽ˹һ㡣
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ңĻûҺֱһЩ
ϬһָʹҲΪƾʲôʹҶָһоֱװ13ˣ˧ľѡκңԲģһʹ˹һתͣʵûа˧пԡ
ٺ٣ʦⲻŹ𣿡
ҶһԭΪչȥɵġһѼĿɺõĳԣңèȻһͳ£ֻࡣ
ԴҶҲΣͽİɲø棬ϲԶҲʲôëҪǣʱһӲ˻λǰģҲ˲٣ʱʵڲѵͽܡ
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⼸Ҷĵʦ˽̵书ϲ⼸ӽһЩ¡ݴ඼ħ֣ħÿÿЦŶԸͣÿβǱץӵһװȰ˷ˣ񹦺󣬻عͷһ¾
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ϵҶһֱ꣬Ӿ͵Ǹħͷһ־ͽ߾ȫĻ͵мɴ֮ģ֮ģҲͻΪùһļһ
һֻǾȤҲЦֻѩߣһ䣺ʦֺʲô
κƾô˵Ҷÿν¶ǿһ㣬ɽɵӳֲɱʱ顣
ǵãҪô򣬴ǾĪҪ֣ಫ㲻ŪԷԷͻŪ㣡
ôɽɵĵӶҶ̵ⷬйѵҲᣬƽʱ˵ƽʵˣһҲȡȾͽǱд裬ôзȵֻһЩѰʽ˽֣򲻻ᣬʣ
ҶĵĽ̵֮£ܺ߾ħ̡ɽ鷳ħˣӵģΨһһŴߵľṦ顣
ܣȴħ̳涼󺣣ҿӣ
һ죬һԴתȥɽڵһͥԺ֮УͼʤһŴС
Ƭ̣Ҷļʤһ˦һƬɫϸţëľ֮ϡ⾢廨һ㣬ҳ֮ʱƼΪСϸӦԣֻʤȹƮƮƷɣһƬһƬʱɾͶ˲֪ϸСۡ
ڶʤֻУǿᣬ򵽴ʱҲɢˡհʱʹǿȣͱȥˡ
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ָ㣿Ҷе죬벻ⶫʤΪԼָգ
ҼҶµȻ࣬ȴɫ书ǲףҶŶԽͽһж֮ԱҶſʲôҪ
ȴǶʤɽסЩӣɽҲ˽⡣ɽɵȻ࣬ȴһһɫÿ˵书Լķ񣬿ɼɽŷʩ̣ǹ̶Ľ̷Ȼѡ㡪˵ʺϱɴе˲ţĽ˲ŵķʽ
ʤ֮һֱԼŹֻھзţͬʱһھʹõķʽ֮ԵУŹȴûаܡʤҲ֪Źʽʧˣ˵ûС
Ҷý̵ӣҪԼԼ⹦зҪĽĵط
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ѧӣҲûʲôָģȷƺȭƸȷԵУڸξܹмܵסҶ°ֲͣһ䣺ǰϸСҲʮǿᣬﲻרѨλЧѣ
ʤһѣͷ룬Ȼ˵˾䣺Ҷϲȷô
ҶİϲϲʲôϵȾȭƾǿࡣ
ҶĿڣֻʤͻȻЦݣƴ٣ٻһ޶ˣֱӵԺұʹȷ
ȷҶƶʤʲҪʩչȼǷɫĳȹڲӲ˺һӣʱɽһ¶ЩŵĳȡΪһȳƱֱĳȸ˳
ʱһŵļѩ䵽Ҷϣ֮عаһҵѽҪˣȻջĿ⣬˵ֻҶĳһ֮ԣﻹؿ
԰̫Ҫ̣ҲҪҶĳͬ£ձĪҪ̫ˣ
ȻȥһֱصԼͣΣһ衣
£ٵ
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Ҷĵһۣô࣡Ҳף漴ڻǺĻԲһ£ͬʱ˳޳һţָǲ
±Ҷһ͵ϮҶһۣ˫룬˫죬һ˵ľҶ󽫻ϣԼãȴҲüˣȴһֱûʲô֡
ūһֱźүͺá
û˵꣬ҶľʹϵʲôôȻ飬Ҳܱ㣡ȹЩӣұֻ֣ŮԾӣ
ҶһŮͿˡ
ŮҪүůġ˵˵ҶľͿʼƫˣůڻܹǲһֱ侲ȥ
Ҷ̧ͷҶģū澽үůɺãһô꣬ҶǻůǺȻףЩҲûô٩ʱҲµҶ书ΪԲһֱ㿪ǲùˡ
ҶȴԼĹǣڵһħûɣʱ
ģүľͺã˵꣬ԼӶҶĻУüСŵŵ˵˾䣺үϧ
һˣ


220 ͵ķ
յⱾǿңǽ̫֪ǲǺĳ˹ȥһͲͣķҫ۵Ĺâ͸һһĳڱеļһء
ԽԽԼڴϵĳ˲ͣڼҲһ󽿺
үأ
ӱдҶ΢Դ̽ѣⲽƣʮ˾䣺ƽʱҲλˣô
΢΢ͷԱ˵˾䣺ٱһɣ
׻˵ӢڣҶڻ˫ֻּоĵһƬƬ˳Լϲĥȥʵǽ޷Ҫ뷨
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һȻôͷ糿κλ湰Ȼ̽Դү컹Ҫأһ˹Ļ
һʱĵĻͷҶԼҪѩԼλûŵδҪ쭣ʱݺʲôܲˡ
ɣ̾һҶĴůı˳Ȼתϴһոµ¡ⶫͺһ㣬ֻ³˲ʲͬﶬĿʽ޲
Ҷһ̧۾ͼҲѾֻƯȹ챻ԼŪˣʱôȥܣֻǴŴ׵¿㣬ɢûȥŵҶĵ·үūź£
Ҷĵ˵ͷڻϴֻͣϺ쳱δˣ˫ˮԼʱˮ⣬˺òĶַת½ԼϣȻϷϸһ
Ҫฯжฯܰ
ͷҶĳŻڸԼµʱֶڻϺúõĹһ֮ǻ½εε˵˾䣺үĪҪˣүĻūźү
ҶһĵҲô¡ԼŮˣʲôʱԶһ޶ҲＱ
ֻ֪һ֮£ҶӽʮĻЩһҹ֮ͱѹե˸⣬⻹Ů˳ʲô̫Ż㣬ΣŮŵҪԼեľ
֮Сϰ赸޹ǣôô棬ҶֵʲôƵأҲƤʲôƵء
ʲôĹǣҶĳˣ
үȡЦ˼ң²ʲôãȻ׼ҶүǾźȻӦ񣬲Ҫһĸоأ뵽˴ȴϲ϶һƬһ˫۸ǷһˮȻҶļۡ
ϣѾͷǰҪˣƼӣҶΪʲôĹǵŮܻö˷ΪʲôԼӡƾӣʩչĹܹмסмˣ
һ·㴩˰ʱ˵ЦŴ֣ȵ·ͷѾϸߡ
ҶĴ򿪷ţƣԺ˲ŶԻʹ˸ɫ±ԼѾõȹһ̵ܻԼ
ȵ»ݣҶ̧ͦͷԼȻµ˼塣
ôһҹһоˬģ
Ҷİ֣һתԼƺоȻԣȴĵȷȷ΢˼£»Ǵ֮һκϰ֮˶Ǵ֮Լǵ˻ⴿ֮Թоˡ
뵽Ҷȴǳ̾һħûɾͱҲ֪Ժʲô̶ȣ
Ժõõؼ׹ǣֻΪֶΣϾһ书ĳ̶ȣ֮ʵЩϧ
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ʲôҶ⸱ӣѩʾѾ˴𰸡
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½һԼͻķʽ𹦣˻ΨҶ𹦣Ȼ˫֣ͣѭ𹦾صĶ𹦾ö𹦵ľ͵𹦡
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ʱ򣬶ȻʹõԭĹȴܹʹֶԷҲκκ󻼡Ϳʩչ𹦵İԵҲʩչ𹦵Ҫԭǰ˹ʹĳ
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ͺٺһЦһָǰǸӣֻʣһػδ忪ˣ
⻰Ҷһԣǿģļһӳ˻ֻһôѾ˻ص̹ǣ䲻


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ṩʽȻòףҶ˵òȣȫ¾һ
ΣҶĵѾɣԺһһεĻ۹ԼĹͬʱʼתκӦԼΪܹһķӳ
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Ҷü˼ͣǰԶվŵĻ򾲾վţҲţֻȵҶĻع²ŵүū澷ּأ
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ͬʱʮһ˶߽󣬰ڿǡÿԲ߽
ҶĶ֪࣬Ҳν߽Ŵȫ̵ĴҪ̫ߣʵŪֻǿ߽֮ưڿˣ໥ǿиӦҲһȺսڻսбҲ
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ҶԲ£ѩӺڣ͵ʦ֡ʲô𣿡
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ãôţܽеһӦ֮⣬Ҳסѩĸֶϡ
ԼԲħ֮иڶ࣬ҲþҪԼҪʱ򲻹ԼҲȫˡѩȴУȻףҹҲΪǿᣬչ˼ײħ̸һСľͻᶪҶĿɲ뿴һĻ
뵽ྭŶֻҪŮڴս֮ǰ˵һ䣺սǱϼҳɻǱ֮ĻǱעҪ˱磡ҶǰԼǷ޲óԼ͡
ⲻԼ˵ʲô˵ս㼴ɻ飡
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ʦֵ˼Ҫȴһǰ

κıضһУֻҪȴ򣬾һǰƽôЩνͻɥʧ󲿷ֵ
Ļɽɡѩƺе̫ˣɶ̳ˣɽɻĥŵĻ
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ҶһͷֹǰǰǸʲôȻץסѩС֣˾䣺ʦҪҪʦһ
ѩ֪ȴ֪һҶĶѾԽŮҲûʲôܻ䣬ͺͻؽ˫Ҳ֪ġҶĸǵЦԼ¯ֻһ䣺ū澿϶úźүԱүū֮ģˡ
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ס촽ǳЦ˼ȴѩԼ̸Ļѩ춹ĵ˵б¶ţ϶Ҷβ˽Լһ˵ǴҶʦ֣
ԼǲѾҶĳ£ȵõ϶Ĵ𸴺˵Ȼʦָ֡ȻЩҲΪжŮ˵˵¾Ȼ˹ͬˡ
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222 ̰Ҷģ
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ҪඣͼЩ׼Ķֻܳ̾һҲʲôԲ˿ˣڿϱԹһѡ
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⻹㵹ùߵյʱҶĵ˲ûԶϾƮС꣬ҽбƣҶĵЩˮӰ첻ǡǵ汻ˮһ϶ղŹǰѩˮŻ汾ͲӲʵһ꣬·ŢΪߡ
οȺǿĲˮһȺͨȴûֶΣֻðǰУһǲõħ̳ʮһӾͶˡ
˾ҶѰ˸ɾڣֱӴ߳УȻ˱ɫֵЪϢת硣
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Դħ̹ɽ֮ɽڶħʹʮһѡϳħ֮ʱ֪ͬĽϵõĻǣҵǷҲһɱ
ϥڵϣͣ˹ôһƬֵҶЩԱɵʿ߰еģǹڼսеǡ
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ȴ˵֮󣬷ۿϾȻûдֻĻһҪµļƻزۣ
ҶһģĶ飡Ѱطס£Һʦȥ£
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Ҷĵ˵ͷԣʦɣ
ʤʱԸµ¶˼ǲܣҶһͬǰȥɣ
ҶıܾⶫʤþϷǴҪԼͨĶ࣬˵ͷӦ
ѩҿջͶޣҶͺͶʤֱץסһʵλϲ˭д󴬣
󴬣󣿡⼸һǷǸ֮ˣּűôǺǵģ˵ʱǿ
ԼʮˣȻһ·ºеݵĴ󴬣
һ̾ȵϣô󰡣඼Сֻ⸽ϺʲôģҪ˵ôԶô˵ĴûС
˵֮ʱҶıһʧ˶ζҼϺͻȻϣˣ̫ү֮ʱǳ˴ģǴɲСĪ˵ʮˣʮҲ˵£һȺվں߿ɿ˺ðأ
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Ҷ룬ʲڸۿﲢûǰĴеƣιڸۿû
ЦЦǴ̫үУȻͣ˹ټҵĸۿ
ҶŷӦԭߵسǻۿڣǹټҸۿĪǾǾۣ
ͺͶʤ뿪˺ߣҶֱȥ̫ү̸
ʦ̫ү贬漴뵽ҶǾ䣺ӽĶ⣡ָĿڵʦֲǴɣ
򣿡ҶĺһҪ̫ү͸ң
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һ·ϼҶĲûֱãĴתżֱߵСг˵ĻȻӰϺ϶̽λ̫үۡ
һѾŲµҶҪôˣʱҶŶֱš
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ⷬǻֲ죬һö֮ݷùүǸô¡
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˵ص̫үƽݵˣǰ֮ʱһƽݿʲôﲻǣ֪ƽɽɣ̫үʱ
εسɽеԶҲûʲôλ̫үԼúЩʿ򽻵أ˼ҽվȻˡ
ɽѰҺ£»䣬ټһسҲ㲻޹ҲûżС̰ȴҲӰ֣ûʲôԩڽǵİ
ţҶĵ˽ֻ⼸һ࣬λ̫ү;ǰһֻǰ⼸˸ǲףòʶ
˻һһλ̫үֱ⡣ʵҲλ̫үԸ˵еֱֱȥģ˲ϹϲûʲôӲĹϵŸƫԶƽݡ
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ʱ˼Ҫ⴬е᲻á
ҶļֱӴ˴ǰĲˮ赭д˵˾䣺˽ټһس㲻ףιʻûǨߵ룿ƽطѾƶĵطٵ˭ȥǴǴְĸԸȥɽˮ֮ţԶƽְĹԱ˵ְ죡
һᵽ̫үһƣˣϴ˵ƫԶҲԸû˽棬Ȼ޷룡
ҶĹȻתͷ͵λ˽һƫԶسãǨţǿ̾
ʹʱѾҶĴʲô⣬ֻӭϵǼǼ
ҶıҶĳĽԵһЩ飬Ҷĳдһţ֮һΪΣ
̫үʱҲֻǾƣʱҶᵽĽԣͻȻһæʵǵˣ
飿Ҷתͷͣ𣿡
һԣ̫үϲʲôƵأæǰϲΪ飬ҶɽУûţ
ԭˣεǻҶĳԾˣԼְɹˡֻǲְ֪ǲǺͻϳʦйأȻԼ˵ʦʦšǳãĽԳʦֵܣǾͳԼˡٳˣȻԼģҸͷһҲ֡
λˣ
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̵ҶԸȥһţ³һԵм漴ԱʦүһʦүҶŵ·Ǵȡڴö֮ˣҲһᰲ׵
Ҷһ΢΢һЦ٣㵹׵ĺܣ漴˵ͷ˵һȡķıҲ£ֱӾдš
ԼתһȦ̫үҲǸµˣдţȥҲǺ£ҲǰԼͽһѡ㲻ܴãίһƫԶسҲȷˣȥǳԼԼͽܵˡ
һдãҶͻȻ˾䣺ѽôоҾͺǵӾĴ̰Ƶأ


223 
󴬣ˮһӦȫϻ˼ź˵Ѿۡ
Ȼˮ߲һӦȫֻƾ贬ŵĶһֻҪʵʵڴϱãȫҪʱʱ´ʲôľɵĵｭݡ
Ϊܹٶȴﵽ죬ҶˮǷַĲ󴬣һ·ͣЪҲܵĸ·ãҹڰ¹ⶼûвŻѰطêͣȴ
󴬲ܹɽ˶Ĳþ֮ܵ࣬Ǽ䷿ִֺǼԾ̫үԼܵģһŴޱȣͬʱ˼ȴֱڴϾ͹ۿ⡣
ҶϲĻվڴͷһʲôг˷ˣʲô̩̹ˣ

վ˰죬ֻͷˮ滺ı󴬴ͷߣȴ˻ߣĪ˵ԼһˮˣԼſڴͷ֣Ҳĵ
һ·϶ŰºУԼһתͷܿϵľɫ뺣ôȻʲôˣҲѸܵĵǿ洵Լվվסĸо
Ҫ̩̹ˣֻܵȵԶħ̵ʱˣ
ĿĹˣΧĺˮӳŵıɫڴ󺣵˽⣬ɫζźˮҲǣСľȻƽѾǺôһҳײܵȥǿ죬ƽĺ˾ܰ⴬Ʒ
һҶѾģһתͷѩ²ҿⱲӶסɽϣ󺣻ǵһμʱվڴͷôҲƲֻ¾Ȼôˮһ澰
ʦ֣ǱߣȻһ½ضƲأҲ֪󺣾ж󣿲ǱȥһЩܷ½أ
ҶЦЦûлشԱиˮ˳ӦСɲǱ߿ǱΣյĺܣǱȥûĴС
ѩһ⣬תͷˮ֣С𣿡
ȻҲڰ߸תתƣ˴˵ʱҪ쿿߲Ųᱻ˴򷭣ǱȥЩֻѰĺ˾͹ܵˣ
ѩ⣬ȴǲ׾ô£ˮֻõ󺣣밶ԽԶͷԽߣ˵ݴ󴬳ԶĵطǺϵĺˣҲмɶߣͷܴ򵽴ϵˡվڴͷĻһСľͻᱻ˴򷭽ȶȲ
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ѩͷһ˵Щ飬ֻ棬öô¡Ҳո˵ԳССˮܹ书Լ򷭣
Ҷѩ˵˾䣺ְֺʦûǵðɣ
Ȼǵã
Ҷĵ˵ͷֺһ书⺣˵ֺĹɹǿ᣿
ֺҶĽֵѩҶҲ˵һȻֺ֪ĹȻԼҲֺλְѾȥ꣬Ųһֱڣһʲô̶ȡ
οֺûʲô֮ŵرܹһȻҪѩĽ
ϵҶ͵ֺһھģº䣬ҪֺȫһҲѵһͷ
Ҷⷬѩһ̴΢ŵƽĺ棬ʼƲ̲εĺˮȻô
ʦĪǻذɣ
ҶѩͷЦŵλͬϣǳ˴󴬳˺֪ˡֻʱĪҪŵĿޱӾͺã
ѩ治֮ɫ޺޵ĵҶһۣſޱӣ԰վͲҶģڴתתȥΧľɫ
⴬ںߺУԵҲôʱȻвʣɺܿľӦ˹
ȵ˶ݵؽ磬ɽһѾϰ˴ϵֻվֻôطתתȥĵĽ
ľȥѰطվ׮
ڵӵеִɫȻ˵ȥվ׮ôǾˡҲһ顣
ôһ˲ŷûô򵥡⴬ȻȥĺҲ΢СһЩ⴬չҡβҡβ˾סģվûþͱΡ
ڵӺòǱҶĵ˺һһ䣺ʰǣ
һٴ뵹Ҳг֣ЩܹҡεĴҵվ׮ľϣ书ҲǴ棬Ժ˶֣ⲿܶɵӰоͻή࣬ͬʱҲܶ˵Ӧÿʱÿ̶ҪԼĿǼΪ˵Ӧġ
Ҷڽ̵ӣǣǱѩ½еһƫƧ䣬ŮΧ˺󣬵̸
һ֮ѩһھʵЩΣ
һ죬ԳɬЩū澻ܳܵסЩүԽԽأŻȴ֪ҶЩָԼϴ˹죬ȻԽսԽ¡
˵˵ţϸ죬ѩҲϹ̣
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Цһ󣺡ʲôµģүˣһһ첻þһ⣿οүзأ˲ÿүæ
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Щӻ¹ļ죬黪ҲûѩȻ֪һۼû¶ԲȥˣԼȴԭأرΡĸɽһԼǰԼֻĿʦֽԼԽԽԶ
˾Ҳôɣͺү³˰ɣ
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תһ룬ԼҲѾСЩȷ󲻵ˣܸҶӣΪҶ
΢΢תͷ»£뵽ѾҶսУǻǶ˶ԼȴŶûҲ̫ЩţȴǸ⶯
Ǳ߻ȴ֪ѩ뷨ֻǼü˼ͣʱʱƳԼһۣȴҲ֪ʲô˼罫ԼλöŮ棬˼ǶνǱʵʵվѩԸ⿴
Ǹ飬᲻ʹ
㶣ǻе㲻Ƭ̺ͻûµģ
ѩ˼ͻȻ˵ʹһѪأ
ᰡҲǺܶѩô˵ֻǰԼľ齲ͣүȻϲ֣Ūʹū澰ҲŪū澣ȻѪİ
𣿡ѩ־ɣʱԥ֡
ţֻͻȻ֪˳ԭ˵鰡
һ仰ŵѩЩշģǻغֹסԼ
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Ҷĵȷûȫ˹עΧо¹֮ɵˣֱȫŻ¶øġ
һվһһҹЩӳ뻪ºһ֣ǻ˲ԼڣЩԼĹԽ΢ȵ󼸺ûһ㡣Ͼֻһ˿һõʱ󲹣ԺЧȻֱʧҶܹôãѾѵˡ
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ÿζĪĺôͼ˲ƽ⡣
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ʤһӣȾͽҸطϢһ
ҶȺӣ˻֣ãԺҪΧħ̣Ӧֵħ̽棿ֱȥ̳ɣ붫·
Ҫȥᣬʤɫȴ˺ü£Ҷһⷬӣ֪ԼĸֶȻˣϲˡ
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һ·ϣʤĵǰҶĲ˲֪ʶںһϡ
ݶʤԣ⾿ûдƬ½ز֪Ϥ̽յҵһЩΪҵ˴Ƭ½أϸ̽Ѱֻ֣֮Ǵĺ
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ǾͲͰඣ
ӡȻ͹Ŵĵϰ׺ܽһЩԼɫġʤԵЩˣסеƫԶı˰ˡ
Ϊʼûʲô֮ó׾ûչҲֻΪƷϱһ·ˡ
ΪʼûǿԺ϶̳ˮʦҲǺģÿľѲ㲽ٷ֮һҶֻûþҪҪԼͽһչ
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Ҷ̧һƣֻһƬߴΧǽԼǰȥȻƲͷǰһǴ֣ƷǷ
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Ҷĵɽɽƾ֮£Ҷڸɽ֮ϣȴֵسǵôأ߾Բһ
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뵽˴ֻʤͻȻŭ߳ǰŵӣֻǵһͣϹĹۣҶʶ𣿡


224 ԯ޵
ſڷһβûг١ڶұ˲ϣֵ̫£ɽ˺ܿͱ˽ȥȻźӦס
֮ҶľûʤȻնҺͶʤߵķӦʵ׽͸Ͼ˵ļ£ҲûжӲκϡ
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ʦأ
ʦܴȥسȥˣ˶ʹľǰĺܣҶ룬תͷʵʦҪҪҲȥ䣿⺣ߵسҲصľ£½Ȼͬ
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˵仰˾Ͷֹס˻ͷֻôţҶʱʱһڲ裬һЩģѩֻ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶͻȻһ䣺Ҳ֪Ѿͷء
ʱɽϣĳŮӲͣŴţʦְҳȥҪʦʦһȥΧħ̰
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Ǿʲôģɽô๦ûܶ̾˿ʦãʦְʸʦܹĸ֣ɽѧƾʦѡΪʦþͲ΢Ŭһأ
ϹһĲһԼ书ɽǵ׵ĴڣȷҲû⻰ȥ˵һ䣺ҵ嶼˵ŮӼҼҵӦѧһɱɱĶܹԱ͹ˡ
ʦĹܹԱˣ
Ϲҧҧʦ˵ʵҡҲʦֱ𣿡
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Ϲһ⻰Ҳ֪ôӦԣԼ书ԼȻĺܣȥħ̶ԵУ治ܹȫˣƽԼ湶
ܶϹͻȻû֪Լⷬã°ŹȻ񣬽ҹʱͽ⻰˵ʦòֻ֣ҪƽģǴ󴬶֪ῪԶˣȻҲ׷ϣ
ʵЩ룬ϹԼҲֻǱʶں⣬Ϊƽһͷѹ뷨
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ѩҶԼͽҲԼʦֵ㰲ţʦΪѾͷʦڣбҪ
ȻбҪҶĺԥͻشһ䣺׷޶ƽʱ޶ûطȥ
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Ŷ޼תһҶĺѩһ֮УֻѾںΣÿǰһСںƱ
ҶһͼһѾλҶĽңңĹ˹֣Ҷĺÿ찡
ԭҲѾˣΪԼĺˣһ˾ȻѾˣӹѾмա
ͬʱһƣλҲ˲٣Ѿвܵᣬϲλá
ΪˣҶĽֱӭȻҶ뵽һ΢ǰλá
ҶĴıԼ׵ҲڡڡɽżɣԼλõҲǱȽֱ۵ʾĿǰɽڽϵĵλ
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ֻǱΪԯϵܵ˹һЦ˿úͶͬ۽ʲôף̴̵Ķҵļ򣺡ˣϸҰ
԰˹ɵЦһҶôƵأǼٲĿҲƳڷ곡ϷӦˡ
ҶѰ˼˭һȴ֪ʲôʱҶ߽ܵ˻ԯ޵УǸͣһҲǵеһ⣡
һ˺˼漴ʵθⷨ
һЦЦԯ޵е·ԭԯ꣬ĸǽһСʿŵӡȻϲ۰ĽԯСԳ䲻֮˾̾
ϵţһԯӣ죬ԣһܡʱ򻹵ǽԣ֪˵ˣ
Ҷһ⼸͸о˵Ĳһأ
û뵽Žǿʼֻһ˼Ŵһʹһɲ֮ϺõʡԯԼϰ䣬ڽƯһ֪գκδ̫ǿ겻ȻֻƽĶͽһѧѧȥ

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ʲôүүһһ⣬ȻԼڽ飬ƵҶġ
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һԴΪɣҶõģ

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ԯиĸģʵ˼ꡣ⼸ѧһһЩ飬ʷӼ黭һϾлȥЩʱ˶ûȥԣȻԪҲ׾١֪׼μӵԵʱλʱĸݶ䣬С̤ݶ˫˫ԯϣԯ겻û£˹ȥ澭һӾ;ͨ
ȵʮ꣬ԯһʱѾɼҵӱǵλŮ޶ЯִʮδһܣԱԯ޵С
ҶͻȻ˾䣺֣û˸еһ뵽Ǹһܹ֮һ˺ų޵
һҲҶĵǣЦŵȻǰҲȵĺܡԯ޵УҲֻЦЦ£û໰䣡һ˵˴ֻȣ󲻼
ҶֻǸһ䣺˵ʲô˵˰ɣʱûǰŻֱӶֿ򣿡
˭֪ǣʱ˽Լʦ˵һ䣺ſѳã֪֮˽ϾԽݣֻҪңҲô
ⷬȻ棬ֻȴҶĲµ˸˾ŷ֡
һִ½ԯ޵е¼ʲôһ·а죬ȻŬԼʦһ·ֵõλָ㣬ͬʱ绨죬лмǶͷȴԼС
ʱ˵˲˵ԯ޵޵УȻԸлħŮͶ
󲻵Ըʦ𣬻һıԼҲڳɾټ㾴
ʱ귽ʮϵͻĶΪδ
ʮҶ㣬ԯ޵Ѿʮ࣬ǱԼ΢һЩʮѾɾʱԼڴѧʣ
ͬʱע⵽һȻ̾һһ䣺˺ι̾
һ˵һãŷ¶רУȫƾϲ£زЩ衣ǰʲٰ֣л֣ȻһҲ֪־Ǹǻ
ʵҲûԵģһԲϾͶȫңֺ飬¶ԷҲҲһ㡣ԯ޵ȶԷ󣬴ȻĻǶԷ˴¡
ңԯ޵ƺе̰ŮɫɫֻҪƼⲻ˱սеĽ
Ҷһ䣬һֽѩԼԼ彫ʦúԯ޵иżһ˵㣬û߳𣿡
һ˵ҪЩŮӶĸԸԵģȻ˵ʲôֻ˼λ׵ĲſЩϧ
Ҷļһ̾Ϣ֮ɫα۰һ䣺Щſٲڵĵӣ
תͷǡԯ޵еĿԵһ˺ƴʱżҶһ㣬һʵλСֵĽ֪γƺ˵ŻһҶĿɿڴ
Ȼ֮ĪҪͷݣ֪Ӷ𣿡
΢΢һЦȴ˻±ëڲͣɢԼҲǻһ𣺡ɽҶģδ̸¡˵ŻͬʱԼʦõĸʵһЩ


225 
һٷԵҶĲˬ죬׵ԭʲôԯ޵еĿѩϴת
ʲôиһϱƣǾļһ
ԯ޵ԲԶһ󺺣ߴͣԯ޵һ㣬ǽĶп͡
죬ԯ޵С⽭Ϊðͷ˹Ȼ٣Ҳĳһ˵ר
ľԯ޵дͬС죬Ҳ檳Ⱥߵﶼ磬Ůƣһ·Ľ
Ҷ֮󣬱ΪһͷͰݵСܣϵӦСʲôɽžȻҲԼ滢һ֮һס
ʲôһðͷСҲôţ
˲ԼͬţͬʱһҶһۡ
ŮӵòףСӣδ̫ϧˣ
뵽תͷԯ޵У죩￴һۣһĿ⽻֮Ľξܽȥ
Ҷڼһڲˣ˼£ƺԸÿ߽һģ߿ĵ֡
˵ǷۣͬԱͬ㾭ҲǼΪƣų⵹Ҳ㲻֣
ֻ˵ı飬Ǵ˴вָ֣ǵͻͬʱΪ˵ĶҲĻգһɫԾͳڲ廰ֻÿλΣ֮Ҳ̾һﾹȻͷۣ
һٷԵҪжƣѩǳԲȥ˵˾䣺ʦ֣߰ɣ˵ĿĽ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ׵һ˺ͶһȭҶĳʦһ·Щƣиˣ
Ҷȥǣô
һҲ΢ЦŻһû˵ʲôҶļ״תߣͻȻ˵дҶ˶ĺ⣿
Ҷ죺ʲôף
콫ϾƱ˻ΣЦһ˼һûϯҶΪͣѵӦ΢һ𣿡
ҶĿڣֵ˵Ͷ٣ĳҲһ·Ҳڴ˴
ҶЦһ붫ΪҲδ˵ʲôΪȴ໰еˣ
ȴʲôԣֻԹ˵ȥĳڽ̵Ҷ˰ˡ
ҶĳĸҲʦ𳤱ʲôʸҶĳ˵ģҶļѩ˵˻ֽ仰ͷֹסֵҶĳܵȫ൱׵ߺߣ
˵תҪѩߣȴ֪֮ˡһתһȣҶģĪҪ֪ô
Ҷתͷ죬λȫڣͺʥʿȼСһ㣬ŭݣʵס
ϧȱݣ
ֻ֣Ҷľ֪һСŹˣ˵ʲôʲôҪʲôʲôôôļһ˵ˣһ߻ĺӡ
ôĪҶĳȻȻҶĳͷɣ˵һ˫֣ˣҶĳҲ֮ˣ
Ƴˮ𣬼䲻ϾҪ򣬶̼ȹϵϣͬʱվҪס
һͼԱһ˳ԼʹɫͬʱдҲȷʵ̫ˣҶŸɫƣϣܽ
ԣֻԭλ˽⣬ҶĵĹδǿǰ㾳أֻԼǿһЩιһ˿϶Ҷܹѵ죿
Ҫ֪ǾתսеļԹഫ񹦷ţԴ˹Ҫ۷գɼ˹֮ǿᡣԼǾѧȻҲǺתսһɾ̫ˡ
뵽˴ȴĶӣһԼĶӾȻһŮ̬Ů˵·ⶫҾһתͷͰǶӸ׵һԡ
صǰȻû壬һҲСӡҶȻף书ΪҲӦ졣
ʵϣֻȻϹӰûУȵ˻عʱֻҶİԭѾһԣԼؿڶõ죬Ȼͬˣ˷ǰҲΪħֻ̣ʩͣһƷסֻҪȥ˹ĸʱɽ⿪ЩˡҲȱʥҩҶĳҲͲöѴˣ
˵նѩһ߰ɣԱϣ˴һתûӰ
ҼĴ첻֪˵ʲôȴ˼ͣҶĹȻоϴµʱƺûǿģĪǡĪҶѾ֮޵Բҿʦ֮ˣ
һȴԼǵ΢΢ͷ˹ѾУΪ˴ҲΪδִ֮ţıǴˣ
ֿ˿ˣ⼸ƺ˲ˣȻҶһƶӲסԯ޵С
ȴ֪⼸ǽһȻÿҲ޲ꡣ书һ;޾еġ
깦죬иָ㣬ҩ֮⣬ΪδսŽһǱ˳
Ϊ̰ͼ֣˽ֵĻᡣѾΪߵֻҪһ˼Ҿ͹ÿȥ߸ɴǰȱӣֵ֮£˶ˡ
Ҷȴͬһֱ֮⣬⼸սСսҲ˺öħлţҶĸÿʱÿ̶־ʱʱ̶̿״̬Ź˵Ȼͬ
ʲһ֣ϰԵһ£ȴҶһֱȻȫԸ׾ͱҶĴſ¡
ܶ浱Уһ˾һԣҶĿ϶ԴȱߵļһСǰͼˣΪҪ棬ľûûˣ˶Ķ͵ӦһΪ˼ľսԻữƤҩ
ֻⳡ治ʺȺ֮£ҶҲ£ֻҪһٸҴʴԼʱĪ˵һԣȺ۶ԱҲʹɱ֡ѾһλᣬȻ֪ôִôҲҵģҲ޻˵
ѩȥϢɽҲûҴܣֻǰĴԼԺ
Ϲֵǰݷã˵Դһɽɵɽ˲ҳ֮ԣҶҲû˵ʲô
ȵϹֵȥ˽ʼĩĻҲ޷޲ƽ֮ɫūȥѵһ֪ôĴ
ҶĻ˻֣أΧħ̹ڣʱʰĪҪ˷Ѿȴˣ
˷ϾΧħΪأҶĵʲôΪ룬ҪǴʱˣʲôԭܻᱻڹУ˽Ϲ۵Լͷϡ
ҶѰ˼ǸʱԣҲ뵽һ㣬ȽԼվڴһߣʱ˭˭ֻҪһ֣ɽɾⲻڵϴ·硣
Ȼ棬Ҿ棡һ󣬵ȴ¹ˣ
˴ʱֲʱ֮⣬о칦Ҳǲףʱеˣͷٺħ̶֡ʵԼˡҶԼĹûǿᵽ̶ֳȣֻܾʱ
죬ҶĲ죬˵ĻȴǸˣֻ˽ȥ˵ҵҶĵ
ҶĿɾĿֱӷˡϾΪڵ棬˽۵ʽȻͬȻôе̣ڴȾءҪҶĶ֣ǲǽԼֺҶġ
һֱ˻ʦ֮
ԭ򣿻ʦָ֮ǿҲǰʦٿҲϺм仰ʦҲû˵ֻ߳һ䣺ĪҪ֣
ֻýһı˻ȥȻȥԼǼ޽Ѱ˼ķȥˡ
Ҷţƶɮܽ޷ҶżЦˣ
ʦεˣֻǴһǰһᣬЪŶûֱҶġ
ͬʱҶĹȫ֮ͣ˵䲻Ҷƫ˼֡ȴ֪ϺҪ֪ҶѾҪը˷ΣҪȡɵϺл᲻˵ˡ
̸˼䣬Ʊôˣֻף鲢ûֻǱѹһ
ֻôһƺҶķչ
ʱһԴ֮˻ںԼǵЦͬʱٰ㳰ЦǸߵˣ
컥࿴ֻۣҪԷʲô·ȻΪԼóһʱ̸Ц֮ʡ
ȵ󴬼һգԯ޵С졢ͷһμ棬֮˸Ļ𻨱ǲʶ˵ҲƵļ
⼸ôˣĪң
۳ż֮ԽԽ죬ʱҶ˹ԼʦܵʦܣϴˣĪҪСϹ֣
㣡ԾҪ֣ԼԱվŵһŮקסҡͷʾҪ
Ǳԯ޵б͵֣漴ŷӦҶǾƺԼҲ˽ȥˣȴѾûҶĵӰ
˾ͼҲһȺŮ˴ͷж˼䣺ϣ˰ôȫŮģ
֪ʲôԯЩŮӶ˵檡
ȥôԵһ˾ʮѹӶʮ˻Ҳţ鶼ռȥˣ
ûֵͣ˱ˣ

׼Ĵ󴬹ÿܳϰٺˣ⴬ֻڸۿһͣ˱Ʋ
ҶǰûסںߣûʲôֻȻ֪кܶʲô֡ĸ֮ĲŽд󣬵ϾûۼۼҲǾۻ룬䲻
ɽɡϹԼͬһȴ֪⼸ұȽ׽һҲ¶ˡ
ΨһҶĲˬľԯ޵ҲԼͬȴǿǵԯ޵вԸȻҶìܣԾָ
뵽ԯ޵ҶҲ˳ۣͱܵĿԷڴһ棬ҵĻҪۡ
ӣȻĺ͸ŮƵأҲ֪ǲˡ
ûûԼ˾ȴˡ
󴬱һƬêȻһƬ˹ȥ
һۣԯ޵ʵûֿʼһȴǼҶԸŵĻ£ǰԯ޵У֪λγƺ
ȴûͷûתֻû
ԯ޵м²ֻŮӼۣǰ˼ٴһ仰ҪڣֻûһһͣǸҪѿڶĻӲɾѹ˶
ǡĪ
ȴǻ¼ˣֱʹħʱԯ޵д벻֮˶ǶãȻֻһӣһƷͰԯ޵иƳһɶԶ
Ϊܽԯ޵ʶúôˣλһſھ˾䣺书µĽ̡֪ܷ
һȴҶĿˣɽɵĹ򣬸Ҫ̣ʹҶĳУ
ԯ޵мҶ˵ֱͦţȻûʲǷģºλ˵ְҶʲôˣѲɹ˵Ҫŵͬ⣿
ҶЦȻãŮҶĳŮҶĳ˵㲻˵
һ仰ҭԯ޵в֪Ӧԣ漴ⲻܣһôǸŮ


226 ֲﶾ
𺽣˷ˡ
ֻ½˵˷˾㲻ʲôȤ顣ڶںܶ˵
ɫǰʳֻðҲԲȥԱ߰ο˺һ󣬲ŽͳһСȥ
Ҫһ𣿡
ʱĴ󴬼ٴһҲСһ㣬ʵʱ򻹺ãǷ΢һ㣬⴬ͻںϵȥò񫡭
ȻһֻĳЩر˵ġڴ˵һҲȤ
ʦأ
ǿ¶ӣֻ΢ôڣ;öһڣҡȥʲô˶ûᱻ³գÿ춼ֻǿһ㶫Ȼµϡﻩ޿Ҳ᲻ͣŻ
һչѾ˵ͣһ߻شźʦڴͷأ˵ʦĴʲôӣ
ǡ˵Դһᣬֱ˯˹ȥ⼸ڵ˯ˣʱѾٱ˵˯ȥ˵屾ܵĸо˲ףֱӻȥǡ
ʰһĲƼҶĺѩվڴͷڶ󡪡ԶһĵطǸԯ޵еʱʱҶǱ˵ڿ¸ǡһЩ
ܵģǼһһڻңôֻһŮֲң˵ɫˣкεºܵ𣿡
κ⼸ٰӣµΪֹ·վԷʱľٶһŮ
򵥵˵Ҷߵ¶ֻšҶĳԷźţҶĦҶҲֻһվŲ
ûȼôܻԼأ
˼⣬ǱҶȴҲͷ۲ѡʲԯ޵ʵǷ˵ĽһﲻƢ꣬Ȼһֱ£뷢ƢûСӴҲǲС
ѵһʰ죬жɵ
ȥӽʵĿˣʵ벻Ϊλ̵ڻûʲôľٶ
Ȼԯ޵вҲӦһϾҲǸ֮ˣĺԣԼ˲СǿķǲҪˣ
ϣӲĳǵļһĵʯ
նˣųһ߲ͣУ⼸ҶҲ֪Ѿг˶Զֻ֪˭СĵҲβذߡңˮɫҲԽ䣬ͷҲԽԽߡ
վڴͷ֮ϣҶܹоԼվĵطߺͣǴͷ⼸˶书ǿ֮ʿͱ׷ɳȥˡ
ѩվһᣬҲԴе㷸Σʦ֣ԭںϱ𣿡
Ҷĵ˵ͷͬʱаģϱʲô½ɳ֮ĵҲ棬⿹εҪ΢һ㣡
Ϊζòʡ
ͷƣǻҲ΢΢üǸļһѾ¡ԼȺЩҲʵʵԼſţҲǲ
ǡôʱϹ˳Ŀ֮󣬾Ȼ̾˿ֻô֮ԶԤơ
ϹҾþϷ۴ҲǾģ֮ϣҲӵܸоʣϹҪȥҶĵɽΣֻԼӵܾƶϳһҴϵҲǴͬС졣
ҶҲ̾һô죿ܲܵͷɣ
ϹҲǿЦһ¡
ͷغõģⴳľһ֣Χħ̵Ŀںͺ˳ȥʱ˼ϼҶûתȥǳ˽еĴЦ
Ψ֮ƣֻһһˣ
˵˴һֱһԵԯ޵ͻȻһ֮ɫµʲôʲôħ̣һȺ߹ˣñԹԵķ±ߵͷģ˵껹ߺЦִԲ򣬱Իʰ
һǵۣϹҶĻһ֮һ̾һʱҲñܻһڶһһ¶ûʲô
ԯ޵˵һȴ˿ʣԼ⻢Ķɢˣûͷݡ
ԼһڽУҲûôΡ
ƵҲڷ
ڻʦһ޲ĿǰеģǶûϵ󺣵ƾȻǿᣬеȺеľս
ĿǰĪ˵ħ̴ˣ˰֮һվվȡ
һ˺ͻʦϾǾеĽҲǾˮսȻû뵽Щ飬ҲСˮ·˵Ӱ졣ʱҲǸмͬͬȺۣδ顣
ȥҲûֻۣêͣһȺŻľۼһ֮ϣƻټǰ
ǶԴ΢Ϥ˳˸⣬ںͼѰСʱһټ·ôȥôҲǻ˵ġ
ֻˣ
ҵõã˵˷򣬲һ˼ֱħ̶ȥǸݺͼϱʾĺλ
Ҷĵʱƻֻһ䣺ˣȴѩʾ䣺ʦּȻ뵽βЩ˵
һ仰ҭҶĲ֪Ӧ𣬽ԼʦóЦһ£ԭʦҲڷڣ
µ˺ֹ֮żĺһһ˰̱ɳ̲֮ϵһأһදƬ̣˴ʱֻǾܹڲҡεĵǶôҸһ¡
ҶĴʱǡúһվһֻһüͷɳ̲֮ɵ߰һȺɫԽԽѿǹƬ̣ȴֻȻ̾һʧ㣬ʧ㰡ϵϺ˼ǲܰ
һҶֻڰοһĪҪ𣬱ϾҵȾþ½֮ˣú֮࣡ڷֵҲֻҪѰúʵϢ֮޹
˵ǺͼϵϸڣûʲôʵģҾħ̳ڼΪӽĺΪϢء
Խ̨Ҳ֪ǰǿ˶٣ǺͼȻֻΣȴҲԺ֮Сֻ˼Ƭ̣ѾħΧֲٺѡһΪϢ֮صҲǲСȻ΢һ£ֻҪаձɳħ֮ڣֻգڽûս
ԼĻһ˵ˣϵʿҲΪͬҶŻмоĲŻϵû뵽
ҶŻ˻֣ʲôо󣬲һЩ˼ˣľͳ˧֪˶٣
һֻҶǫ飬ȴ֪ĲΪԼǸܡԼǰҲ˲սϷͬʱҲС˵Щ棬Լõǵм˵Ƥë㲻ϡ
ֻȺ˵ƤëҲ͹ˣϾȺ˶ǽçʿʹЩ־ӢҲֻרһ;Що̵Ķֻ֪Ȼ֪Ȼ˴һһҲûۣ󻹵ҶĽԼ뷨ϸӲһ
ѡפأǲܾôȥ뻢ڣ˺ָս֮⣬ҪһЩ֣Сħ̺̽һʵħ̵ķֶΡ
Ҷ˵һЩ˲ΪȻΪɽ̫Сˡ̽ʲôֱӳȥ
ԴȱߵˣҶҲôֻԼ͵ħ̼ȻԴΪϼңȻɭϣңħԵ͢ΪУôǾͲܲ͢ˮʦͻȻϮħ̰շˮʦսķʽԸ⼸󴬡
Ѱ˻Σֲˮʦսǳ˵Ĵʲôֻͬжһһ飬һʧ㣬Щһײʯͷ
˲ã⼸󴬲ǼõĴ󴬣ƽʱ˻ȻҲܳԶʵ⼸໹ڽС
̳ΪƽȣʲôļΪϡ٣ȻҲܿסһЩˣԱȲϹټսսս̵ģȻҪļΪ̡ħǰնԸսķԸ̴
ħ̡ʲôսϵɣ
Ȼûн빤ҵʱĶ󶼻ͬС죬ȻûзͶʯ֮ĶеġħⶫԼɵĳȥǳ˻ӣ
Ҳ˵׼еĿԱȽϴ󣡡
Ҷ⻰һʶɫͱѿˣ³ľ;Χħ̣е;ͱͣЪϢƫƫʱʶԼ˵׼ôĲ֡
һȺ˴ʱŻعʶô鷳ҶҲֻܸ̾һ䣺ççʻû˵
ҶǴϢըʮ꣬ļʶȲǼͷӣκ⼸ͷҪôڽۣҪôԼһĶֵأܹоԣҲϡ档
ڳ͢ҪȺ۵ȥħ̡Ҷɳ͢ǽħ̵Ⱥνˡ
˵͢аţȺ۲УͷΧˣ
ЩҶֻܲ²ţ޷жǲ뼸λ̸һ˶ȰҶ˵ȥȷһµĺߣ߱ЪĵħڵĸȻһԶҲ̫СȻ󡭡¡
Ҷĵʱֻ˵ĸ֣ʵǿħ̳õĺͱһôֻѡȥˣ
ȻȺۼֽҲ˵㷨ӣֶǲһӵĺãȵûԼ˵ҲԳԼҵĲһʼóԵûʲôϡȺ˰˳Ҳᶮøм
صԼɽŵĵطҶܣֻϢıɣһϹҵˣұȽ׽Ȼյһ𣬴ʱʰȻ
ҶĻʱŹзڵˮȻһĢǸղɵģһץŲ֪ʲôԥ
ڸʲô
±ҶһһžͰϵĶһԵĶ˹棬Ȼ̧ͷһ޹գգۣ
ҶһԴߣղĿһˮԼһɤӣɵĶﲻ֪ôء
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㹽Ӳ£ָһޣһѩװ˵ÿɣҺأ϶ܺóԣ
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ϣʦˡϵʱ˵СһϢһȺ˳ħ̵̳ڣСﾲĴ˺һûǵʲôֵ鷢һж˳
Ĳ̤ϴ󴬣ħ̳һΣҲزסΣͨ϶иڵС֮ʱս˵ߵС


229 ǿ
׼ɳ
⼸죬ҶĽˮװɳڴϣҾͰ۵ĵطȺǱΪҪڴɳˮֽ͵ԾȻ𣡡
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Щ͹ӣǱͶʯ׹ģǴ󴬱ͻУԷͿûٵ˵ʱһȺ˳㸹ƺûʲôѡ񡭡
ڼϸֲ٣ЩָԶоͬʱԷϵͶʯ࣬ÿҲֻһ𶪹ܱ֤ڴϣֻҪЩӦԣҲڽ͹ҵ󴬡
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һɫ⻪̾ɽҶĵĶŹϽ͹֮ڿһתֱ˻ֻһϽ⻪貣ڿзȥ̾뵽ɽҶ˾Ž֮Ψһһ֮ĸ֡
ҶԴ֮󣬻ǵһڽȺǰ¶֮ǰҲֻлʦһ˵ŹĪ˵ûȻֲ潣ֻҶĵ
ȵϽҶڸߴϽֻΧҶתͣͬʱֻҪ͹޷̾â⻪һʲôƬˡ
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սϼ͹޴򲻵ԷҲ˷ѻͣȵ˫Ѿ㹻ӽż󴬶ľƣûлҲһյ
һɤӷżҲǴϱż̨ܹìһСļһ
ǴڴϣǾһ䵽ȺǱһǺ«֮ﶼ˺ù
ʱսɱţֻӰһųĳìļʸƺˣֻһƿ֮ûعͱǾìȥ
һ꣬Ǳͬʱ˲ˮ֣ǽûһ깥ʲôʧĻΪǾ޴
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Ϲһƾʶ˲ҶĵǿûԶ̱⺣ϸǱӶõħϳȫںϣ
Ҷ˼ƣֻսһͲٿֻͶʯͣĹСͬʱҲöĹƽķʽԼߵˡ
Ҷƣ˫ԼĪʮףʵ㣬ȴǵһ޷Խ
ԼҲǿ룬ǹΣѾĲУοֻԼһˣŽŵҲɱ˼ˡ
ȥǴսǾֻܱİ򣡡
Ϲ̵룬ֻҪһȥǾͻ󳷣ʮ׵ľںսϿν൱ľ룬ǶȺô󴬵Ľ˵ȴԵ̫Զһ㡣
ҶĹһ£ȳȥǳûǵĴ󴬣һҪս
һ˵꣬ͻȻһԾֱ˿С
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һڣԱ߾˺ݺݵһԴ˵ʲôҶȥԸħˣ
˵Ļû˵ֻ꣬ԾеҶ˫ſչᣬڿǰԶһգ۾Ѿмλá
ճ˵ʱǾȥδ֮ʱѰṦܹôԶѾǿᣬ˳ϵ˶ҪһĵطС
ʱҶڿбѾ»ħֻ׳һһӴУȻһ׹䡣ʱȥԼҲˡ
ϵҶڿͻȻһ٣ӾȻ͵һҲ֪ʹȻ˰յСһʹȻݣڿпת磬ұ仯ҲǼΪ࣬ʹ߹ԽߣṦҲԽ
ʱҶĵṦʹ仯Ҳϡһ˵ܹҲѾ˼ޣҶܹٳʲô
һȻ˶ħʿһǴϵָҲû̫⣬ֻǼһĴΪ˷ֹ˻ʲôɴˣżǸɵѣ
ǣ
һȺʿң̼ǼȶıǰĶֻƼļͷ
㾰˭˶·ȶӷҶȴţֻɫڣת˲ͱһѤޱȵɫâͺƽ׶һɫ̫Ȼ˶ֻǰããһƬʲôƲС
ħսָҲǰһֻһҽͬʱһЩȵҺԼһϤִ̱ǵζʶԣæһ͸оԼһۣƱиһ
ȵֻۣһѶѵļʸһζεľǺƯţȻħսĲϺƱ˭ҧһڣһ飬ͬʱȱΧѪ֫ϱɢɢΧ
Ҷģʱվħ̵սϰͷվվԼһ԰һ⡣ʲžʲôȻһƵףֻǰâһҶľ͵ħսˣ˳ƻɱ˲ħʿ䡣
սָӴʱع񣬾ͿҶվԼǰԶĵطΧ֫ϱɢĵǣ̱ǵѪζΪԼѾսСͬʱǾ޴˿ڲͣðѪʱֹҲֹסһԼͻΪʧѪı֣Ҫʿ乥ͬʱԼȡʱ䡣
Ҷûᣬֻۣ겻˵һ䣺㾹ȻܶһУҲǹ龯ѣҲΪֹˣ˵һӣֻңңĶԼһӣƻûðȴֻоͷһʲôֱ֪Եȥ
ҶʹƾǴļһĿĹˣֻħʿ俴ɫ־־壬һʱ侹ȻżˣһСͳ˺һɤӣȺ˲ŻعйȻһƬļʸ˷ҶϮ
뵽Щʸŷɵһ룬Ȼ붨ڿвǰԶȥһѵļʸһôļ룬û˾־Ȥֻù졣
Ī
һЩںħʿǵʿΪ½һӣЩʸȻת˷ǷļͷȻ׼ϵ
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Ѹλע⣬ϵһѾ۳һŵļʸȻըѿͺһȺʿΧһȦȻ˷һʸը֮ɵٶȼ죬Ǽִ֮Ӧʱ䶼ûУöվĿǰ˸ϲ˼ʸһֻδ⬡
ôʱһƬȻֻҶһվ˫ɱһɫתȥǹ΢ЦʲһΪ޹һ
ֻѪأʬҰཫδ֮ʹֳʵй죬Ҫ˵һʵݴʵĻĳеķŵĽɣԱ˳ŵȥﴮˡ
ҶļʹȻԼһͣת˲ûκ⣬ǳĺܣûһ㡣Բٶƺֿ࣡
ͬʱֳɹסȺħСʱһվȻ˸ҿ֮ڡ
иһҪӱ͵Ϯ˹򻹼ΪǰϢҼһգ۵Ĺͳ嵽ҶĵԺ󣬲ϢͬʱּΪֻҪһͱʵˣҶıɡ
κãҶΧͲֻҪ˿Χ֮ͻᷢԼҪ͵ϮɹʱȴҶ߻ƵϽͻȻâһֱۣȻ󡭡ûȻˣ
Ͻһһ˵ԴֱӾͳ˹غ«һƬ֫ϱ۵ѷֱ˴ˡ
һ¸ŵħ˲Ҷֻվһ󣬸еսһȺħ˴ʱҲŻعԭȺڵĴ󴬾ȻԼ˾⵱˹ʱײһһȺ˺Ծϴ˴һɱɱ
Ҷļⷬ󣬷û˼ֵȤֱ˹ǱϽֱڿɢΡ
˼ֻⷬΪҶĶֶΣǱ˽ﰵޣҶŹȻˣôһ񽣣˵оУ˵ûûˣ
ʱϹҲ˹ȭҶ֮񹦣ǸĪ⣡
ҶĻһ񣺡ֵʱСһЩĪҪ
ǰƲߣԼֶΣʱҶķʩ˾òףһӦҲɣֱӦ¡ϹҶĵֶҲѣҶ񹦣򲻼ġǵôᲢۣ
ϹϹҼϹĴ磬׷ĿеżҶܵϹۣѾ൱ˡ
Ⱥ߳ҶֱԾصԼ˱ϡսʣµˣҲˣûҪκϡ
ʦùȥôԼʦ¡վƽ͹ңȴѾɱȥˡ
ҶĻͷƣֻǱҽڶȺħֻ̽ˮսԼһЩսϵĿɱ֮ʲôաǽҲҪͷһЩȺ۵жٵ
ˣǳͷǣ
οңѾ˹ȥԼղִһ·ͷԼ⣬ܵøȥȣñ˷ԼԶʳ
عͷѩͻ¶ʵʵĴҶھʵ⼸ˣ
ɵһħսʱѾȫȴ֪⼸
µүصģǱɽɵأ
ŶҶߵһ棬Ǳȥֻ󴬽ħսΧסͬʱҲɱ֮ΣֻҪ˽սսϵħʿԲǽ˵Ķ֣Ҳ͹ˡ
ûֵܼеź
ѾϽ˵˵ӪҶ뿴λɽŵսжǿκԼʼԵóԸξȻִˡ
תͷʣ˭ʱһˣ
ѩʱ˹ʲʦƼһ㡭˵ƺ뵽ʲôΪһ㣬ɫҲǲÿȻӴԾ£Ȼں˹ȥͺƽ·һ㣬Ծħսȴ˵ˣҶѾƼ
ںϡߣ
Ҷ룬ֻԽԽǿֲȻں·ǹǿᵽʲô̶ȣһĳУųս֮һǸŵļһҲģǼһںϵҴܣĪõҲƵķӣ
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230 ȭ
ģǲҶ²ʼûȷ
ϵħɱ˸Ȯ˿ʼ򵥵ΪԼ˵ֵܰˣͬʱѾͬʦֵܵʬ
ᣬǻ᣿
˻˼ƣȻҶϿҶĸ˸⣺ȷţȵ˰ٵźãԸħ̺л𻯣ǻҴϼưᣡ
ҲôôʬںƯϼ²ʵҶʵˡˮĺᣬһʼ⵽˷˭Ҳ޷Լѵʬôȥι㡣
ʬ⣬ҶͻȻϹƺûӰӣѰһȦץסϹ˾䣺أ
Ϲָָ󴬺棺˻ֱͣУʱѾյĲˣһЩ˼Сȥˣ
Ҷһͷע⵽һǿں֮ϣδͣ϶ͣͬʱΧڷţҪԶһЩһЩͨˮԵ򱧽ľ֮Ķϣܹӵһ
㾰Ҷ̶ϹȥսٶѰЩСȥˣȰ󴬽˾ߣ󴬳Ĭʱ򻹴ΧǺΣյģڴûϽģ
Ϲ˵ͷ˼ϹҵӵֱȥħսСۣ׼ȥˡ
ҶվڴϣңңĿȼŵĴ󴬡
Ϊûʲôʧȥһʲһֱæ߰飬ĴҶߵǣոסһֱûע⵽Լһǵȵǰʱܷһ
ȵ·ʱѾʱ֮·ϵһûҶĸеʧ㣬ʵֻôʱѾǳԤˡ
Ϊ·ϻᵢһأĻ嵽ħܶʱӦϲŶԡ񣬿ܻڻƻʱͻᵽ
ƻҲƻʱɫһƬƣϸ߱ڻã
ҶʵҲûƻʱʵʺϽͻϮ󴬴Ӻͻ½ϵҪǾе㳶ˡ
û֮һȥ۵ףԶƼȺ۵⼸󴬣ܵӰ죬Ҳᵢá
С
tħ̽ڻûü˵̾ʹԵ£ʱżһѪӺͨһڵϡ
ֻԶĴ󴬣Ȼڣ֣ͻʦ׾ٵı㽫ڵĽڸŪûŪʲôЦʦƺ߿ħ̣ôûʲôѶȣ
˵մ֮Ծ£עֻ֣ۣλɽɵ֣ںͻʦ˵⻰ƺûʲô쳣һֱȴ֣ʲƺҪˮǷڵĽʾֻǲעԼʹɱֵġ
һȻйŹ֣
ȴ֪֣ʱҲмΪܾ˶ԼȴѰ˭ԭΪǸɽɵͣÿȥע͵ʱǼһﲻǻȥǺͻʦƵرĿ񣬰쳣ҲƲ
Ҷ𣿡
һȺ̸ţȻʱʱ󴬵ķһۣϣ󴬾쿿κθղôȥô󣬺˿ûпһ
֪Ϊ̫ԶԲŻ㣬ֻץĻһᱻħ˷֣ôలžù
ֻлʦ˫ۣŷţʼղ̧ͷȥһۡ
֣һͻȻ󴬻кþòܿ̽̽·˳ٽڣʱҲܸȫһЩ
һԣһֱڲԶֻڱĿͻȻһ飬ʶ֣ҪʲôѰ˼ԼǲҪȥʱ򣬾ʦأ֣һűáħˣҲò罫һضλס
֣û뵽Լ龹ȻϺиܾˣһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪Ӧ
ֻһԵԼƺ뵽ʲôĪϺѾ֣Ծˣ
Ѱ˼ţͻȻԶһ֮ʶǱĸƼ˴󴬣ȴûֵܱʶԾ˹鿴
ѾǰȥͨʾҪԼܷסһƬطԼһ½ĳ
ǻʦӦ죬ֱӶԱһӵȥȼ֪ͨһ˵ǵڣ
ԭһȺ˳ʵȺ½ռ֮⣬Ҫѡʵĵ½飬Ҷֻ͵͵ĺ˵ˣȻٸ߻ģһŲá
ѰʵͶΣԭشû֣޽ӽޣԻԺӣǾ͵ȴٵǱˣ̵𣬴Ƽ֮Ҳ֪Ŀ꣬ȫǰ׼ǰ
ʦһ£Ա߸ոնѺõĻ̵ȼѾħ˲ѻ߶ԷԼҲνˡֻϣǼܹٿһ㡣
ҶվڴͷվűԼңǸʱֺԯ޵վһϬ
ƼŨҶһָŨĵطȫǰ
һˮһЩ򵥵Ƹ֮⼸նֱ庣ȥ
ʱҶĲע⵽ħѡĺйģǾӪĺãһеСһֻǲ֪ħ̳̽˺δ
ںмɽϣ
ҶƣͷԼĲ²⣬ΪɽϣԼȻܹƼοɽ޽йǵȷԵƲˣҪ⵽ΧˣҪǿɽֻҪͰôһΧǾһʮֲ輸Ĵ
Ҫôǵ޽һǱҪҪôһѹڣɽȣɽĻƺױΧ
ȥҶķԼԼƽȥˣɽױΧôɽƺҲʲôõѡ
ҹȻʲôţʡʡɣ
ôһ󣬴밶ѾԽԽվڴϵѾԼƼ˰ϵֻʦһǰȥĸɾӢѾһȺħ̽ɱһţ߶Ǹ֣һʱỹʲôΣգһȺħ̽⼸ǰͺʹ׵ĸһ޻֮
͸ʹṦûӰȺдȥܹڵסֻһӰѰ˼ⶼƲ˾Ѿнˡ
ֻһҶľ֪͵ĹĲȻ϶٣¼ûԲҲǱԲ
ʦϺ˫ƺʮȻվԭһħ˺³߰ˣбϺк
ȴʦܣֻǱĿվԭħ˻ϺбɵˣЦϺУȥɣ
ԼһϣϺбĶûѿ֣ԼеľֳһƬƬ
룬һ̧ͷͿһȭͷԼ
ֻʦһȭһȭҲûʲôϡ棬ֻǼ򵥵ȭЩħӾķɳԶ֮ҲûаϢֱӾͱһȭˡ
ҶĻھ߰뱻ʦƾϵĳ棬Ա߱˵ʦ޺ȻǿԵ
ԭ⹦ڵ޺壡ҶѰ˼ԱߵԱŴѪЦŵҪ˵ʦȭʹòŽоǼȭȭе۷Уе˵ȭ˱Ȼʦǿ
˵Ҷע⵽ŴѪ˵Ȼûжǻʦ֮л΢͸¶һЩ
ŴѪתͷҶ˼ۣͻȻҶŽףڽϸоӽʲҶħսϧδܵüǿϧĽһ󣬿˭Ƚǰϵɱ⣿
ҶŴѪһôͻȻԼîˡ
ȴ֪ŴѪͶԱ⣬ֻǱһ˱ϣȫȻԼ˽£ֻһһĴ񡣼ŴѪΪ˵ʵڲǱ͵ӣʮûеõر
ֻҲûʲôκαǴεҶĵĺô鵱˲ٽ壬ƽ˵ʱҶľΪҶƾһ֮ССɾӪĳ̶ȣñ̽ڳޡĳЩյЩȻˬ
صǱ˵һ䣺ʱһЩôҲżҵļȫȻķ緶ҲϴСˣѵͲܳһ㿴ɽҶš
һ¿ͱඣмΪˬֱ˱ȽϣŴѪôҲǵ֪Ķ֣ȻʲôĪ飬΢ҪѹһҶĵͷǿƲסġ
ΪҶˣٳ书ȻĸĺܣϵҶĸУֻǵ˵˾䣺ҶĳʱȶĶż˰ɣ
˵һָһǰ棬ֻһ˾ȻӴͷԾ£Ȼּ˦һľ嶪ں֮ϣԼľ֮ǰԾͬʱŻ˳ľһֽߵԼǰ棬ôһ󼲱ֱ尶߶ȥ
ǡҲ಻סˣ
಻סֹһԯ޵кһ˾Ȼ˷ͷȻΪˬһҲ׼һӦ׵֮ҲʹṦֱߡ
ƽ߰㣬ҶĿҲô˳ۡλ书ȷû˵ֻǼ䣬ȻѾǰˣȵ˰Ȼֻԯ޵г󺰵Ⱥħӣʶԯ񽣵
һɤȴҲ֪ǹ⺰˭Ī˵һһǴ֮һȺҲһ
ԯ񽣡
µԯ޵е彣ȷһý˵ҪǱүūأ
ҶĻعͷƻ£ʲôʱ飿
죬ѩǱһۣʱүڣǷԣԯ޵˵ҪѷҲһߣǵ÷˴ŭıͷǱӣ
ҶѰ˼һ䣺Ѱ˼·Ȼôʦ˵
ūƣλԯ޵ƺûأ
ģһҪģ
⼸仰֮䣬밶ѾԽԽԳṦ׵ѾͲס׷ʹֶγ˰Ҷĺһɤӣһ˿ش󴬣ħ̣ȴû󴬻غʹĲˣ
һӦͣϸ¼ӿش󴬣ϰ
ҶǶŵӵڴϣе߽ӦԣǵԻ͹޻ٴôܾȣܾȱϰ
ף
ϣҶһƣڵͷתԾ´ͷʱѾͣ²ܼǰУΪǰˮǳǰдǳ
Ⱥһ±¹ĽһžĲͣӴʱҲʾṦĸ
Ҷ㣬һ䣬̶ƽŻ͡
Բһ籱ҲһʼƽƽкԶŻ䡣
ͨӾˣ¹ӣһֱ䣬вֱ䵽ˮУžĺһˮ졣֪ڴ̣֪Ϊˮ԰أ
˲ͬҶѡķħĵطҶĻûأħ̽ھֱֳٺЦҶºҵʬ
ֻȺһû뵽ҶҲһ˼Ц浱ɵӣУȭһȻںߣֻҶһӣɫɫݺȥ֯ºƳһŴǼħ˱⽣У˲ͱϻУ̼㱻˺Ƭ


231 ĵ
һӼգ콣Ҳ֮ʧֻǴʱûΪʲżĳǻþΪվҶǰ𳤵׼ҵʬļѾһ⣬˵ǰ
ƺ̫ײ˵㣡
ҶһʵҲ㲻ʲô£Ը˾ʱƵֻʱԼΪ㣬Ȼʹ콣ǽǿȴޡ
ڿĴʹལȻֻʱǿһ㡭ҪԸҲ˾ĸ֡һȺӱЩѾ㹻ˡ
ҶһأԼڸ̾أͷȺħʿƺһ󲽣ԼΧȻһ˲ճһƬյ
ţ
ƣȺϾǾ֮ɫҶĲȻԭǺˣ
ϧǣȺǺҲãͶҲգȺǲЩ·ġǲǴ̣ǲշ²ġȺ۵Ŀںǣնħ㿴ںž֪ħʲôֱӿǣ¸
ɱ
Ⱥħ̽һȺȺϴԾµɵҲ½½ϵðһɱ˹һƴħ̽ڽشʱѾʿԣ˸ǼƲתܣһתͷͼ찵ǵص˹ȥ
ʱȥʬ壬Ҳ̨һɵϿܾһǴͷϻżö÷ڣʬԻмöͭǮɽɵӶġײеǲ֪ĸһȻ˰Ѳ˵ֱӰֵܵĺԿư
ȥòҰ
ҶĽϰһ֣ȻһԿڶƴɱҲˣһϰȺ֣ǼĸħӱȽϻԾṦȥԼͽ
һɽɵӾԵüΪ⣬ɵӴ඼ǵнУֻɽɵһϰڳ߽໥ǰƽ߽סħ̽ڣ󶼻ᱻɽЩΧŹ
󷨻ʲôã
ҶĻعͷһǱԼɫŴѪЦЦڴǱɵ߽󣬱ɵ书΢ֻӭУбЦˣ
ȴû⻰ȥǫĻĳġ߽֮΢еʶƵĳοɽʮĸһ·ǰɱȥһȺ˼ûʲôһʬ壬ҲԽ˺ӡ
ҶŹǫˣ
Żɽ߽ͻȻ򣺡ѹħ̹ɽȴ˸ӣԭɽд˵Ⱦ󷨻ɽ
һõ󷨣һ˵ǳıֻҪһõ󷨣ôֻһȺͨĵӣҲѻΪг
ڽϴվõɣһ׻ɽ󷨣ڵ޺ڵǶΪġֻɵ󷨶ҪضϰĵãЩײ뿪ɽţԴ˴γɶûд
ɽɵĵһ·ѹһɱħ̽ڣҲ½½Ľһħ̽ɱˣһ־ۼһ𣬿ʼһжˡ
˻û˵ֻǰԣΧĳɽȥ棬Ȼǰ
һĽ飬ȺϣֻҶ̾һҲû˵ʲô
ܱϾǾӣΧ˺ʹҲ˶٣һ޷ϵϰߡ˺òײϵõӦһһֱɱħ̳ȻȽħЩɱ⣬ٻعͷЩආ
ЩһﾹȻҪڵһɱǷֱ·
ҶĲ˵ʲôˣֻԼһԼǰоǣͬʱλͷˣԺɱɽһ𣡡
λҲԼʵУܹӦȻò֮ǰҲ⽻ʹһںãҲҪɽͬСʵһʼΪɽܹӦһԼЩͽͽŽɽɼôϣıˡ
ɴ˵һ󣬸Զ˴Ӻδħ̡
ڴϡϡɽҪ棨̳½Ƿɭϵһ棩ҪӶϽҪӱ湥źϹһռһҪ˶
ɽɺһӶ湥ħ̣
ʵⲻһõѡ񣬶ƺħ̵ı棬Ƕһ˵ʵ涼ܻǵ˽ķ
ȺۣǴӶϷϵĵɽҪ˶棬ʵҶķеͺųƶžһ飡ԼӶҲһ
Ȼ﹦ҶļɵѡǺôҲ֪֪ףԸһϤĵܱȥӲһ֪κεϸļһҪǿࡣ
׵ҲͲن£򵥵ĸ˵ĵӰһ£˱ŵŰԵĿĵضȥ
ҶĵҪȥĶ浹ǲԶ·ϻϹҡڵͬУûþ͵˵Ķϡһ·ϾȻûħͨ裬Ҳ֪ħ˵Ϣ׼˹˵ɱ˵
ҵϣǱŵˣ
Ϲһ˵˱ĿϹԼڵźǰУҶĵȵƲȺˣŻعɫʱɫѾɽƾżѲܿΧ
ʦϢɣ㾫ȵʱýħ̣
ǳúڸϵԵλãȵһԭȻɫڰʱĻзĴսǱ˰졣
һҶǲԵģֻҹʱ򣬶ԷѰȺϢĵطһͨʯҹԼмܵˣ⣬ҲǵͷʾˣҶĲ֪ûȥԼһЩ׼
ǰһŪӪأȻ˵ǴϢҪŪͻԸϢһҹǣ
ǣʦ˵ͷȻƽ͹ȥæȥˣʱͰҶҪǸӪءŪ˳Ȼ굽Ϣ
ҹʮ֣Ȼһ𣬴ʯڵϵҲ˯žҶƣԼǿӪشʱѾһƬǽ壬죬ʱʱʯʸ£ǳʮŵԼɫɷסʱѾĲˡ
ҶƲƲ죬һ֪ˣ
ƣȻƲʲôԼҲܼϺͶҲǻ죬ҲԼһ޶ľ󣬾ǲ֪źϹҵӦԵġ
ʯԼĪСʱȻ͹ƽҶıΪħ̻鿴ҲɱһǵһȴӰ֡
Ҳһ֣ʯһͨ󲻾Ӧóɱ𣿡
Ҷ룬йؼħҲɵϣȻµһɱˣĸֶȻᶪʱͨɱǽ°Ըɴɧһͨ£
ߣħ̶ԼʵǺĵģ򲻻ȵĲֻ֣ţ
һ㲻˵ֱַֻȵɫ΢Ҷֱӽ˺ȻԼҵԼɵʮ˸һǰȥ
һ·ϣҶСĽһǰѰ·Ҫ࣬ṦǾԲԼе˭СΧУȶȲ
˰գҶĵȴӰûƼ˵еɽ֮£ȴûײħ̵ˡ
ô£һ·ͨ裬ħ̵˶ȥˣرһ·սϵȻô棬˫ն˦˦ȥħ̵ΪҲǴĲ
ֻһҶĵɫȴԼŵɫԽԽѿԱԹ˼ҲͲٶˡ
ѩƼʵʦֵʲô
ֱϻ±˷ֶ֮ɽûˣҪôħ̵ǰںƵǰȥҪôǵȥԸȥˡǺ¡
ûֻ꣬ǰͻȻһˬʵĴЦһϤҶŲµûﾲʱˣҶĿɵ湻ģ
һȺһλɫ䣬ߵĸǱһľ΢΢ѣ¶һ¡
ǰмֻΧȻʣҶǰȻԳһĿյͬʱһ͵ɽϾȻһţһɽȴ֪ͨ
վǰ˫ۿҶĺ̾һЦҶţδɰ
ԭ򻤷򻤷ӣѾȬˣ
һܵˣɫеѿ漴ͻָ̬ЦҶŵͣĳһֱģﾲҶţΪˣ
˵ָָԼɽҶʥ̣ôҪĳһأҺͨͨʥ̳·Ҿλûܼǰˣ
ܼܲߣ򻤷
۾һУáãҵĵطȻ
ҶҲЦЦ뵻ֳȴѾȫʱ֣ܳΣȥҲˣ
Ҷſ˿Щ˾ӵСǆ£ĳĽŸһŻӽĳҶŵֵ֮ϧҽվҪָҪҶһ룡
Ȼֲܸͬı䣬һҲˣЩҲãУ˵գ˫ӣָһ󼱵㣬ֻһգ۵ĹҶľͷųߵ
ߵֱѡʺࡢۡ崦Ҫ⻹ȻûйҪȴķ
һҶһ־ƣҲɫһ䣬ͬʱѾ׼õĳϴҶıȶΪ⹦ȵë˴ȡѵͽ״ֻ̬ΪҶ֮ʱԳ֡
Ҷı﹦ȵռ֣һҲǰ׳գǰ˺ùԼԼߵƺʲôΪ˼˴̺ϣ˫֮ȴĳߵ
Դ仯֮Ҳԭԭ棬ܹķӳ߶һ֣ﶼܸоϴȾ
ҶŹоܺãǳã
ģǽһԡҶĽ֮ǿҲӦԣ統ǰƾԼϡΪС˶ֳ˴ٷִǰ׳ϣ
˽߶ѾɵǰһûȱѾȵľճɻҽԳ飬ޱȵĽһۣҶͣʱһֳջľۣɱǿ˼֡
ҶģձҪɥ˵أ
٣⺰ʲôãҪȡҶĳó湦ɣû꣬ҶĲ߶ˣ˫һƣֱʹ˽ʮơһе֮ǿΣдʢԳֵʱ㾡ȫǰ⽵ʮƵҪ塣
һתվһƵƾˣֻƾͱǰǼʹĽʮǿ˲֪١
ҶĲǲ֪ʮƵľҪֻԸˣּܻ᲻ԾǿУľ޴ѹ£ҶڽʮƵʹ˳
һ͵ɫҶ˫Ƽգۼ׷ǰǼ˵ǻһţȺɱǰ


232 ϧ
Ҷһƾˣȫ֮󣬻ϼ⣬Ƹĳֱӡ
ʱһپۼ˫֮ϣƱһֺգһĳȴҪҶӲӲĶһơ
Ӳƴһ£ƻδཻǿᾢѾײһֻúȻ죬һɢɽ˱ǿ紵ĲԾĺԲĸǲһ˻صղС·֮ϡ
ǿͷ֮ԼĪʮ£ףԵֻʮðͷĹﲢǿֻΪ·Ϊӱһʦǰ
֮ǰҲŹҶֻ֮ȴ⡣еӣΪоŽԶһֻһʮ꣬вʮˣȥ
ϾŽɺʦʦĶ˼ΪͣĵԼʱ֮ġ
֮ȺҶĵֶ΢ĹֻۣʱҲδ飬ȻС˼ɲΪҶܹŽǰǿ
ҵ鵽ģǻ˼Ǹħ̻Ӳƴʱɢݳྡྷ
ྡྷ˰Եңжôֲ
ɢȥ˸Ƽо
ֻҶĶ˳˺Զͬʱ˶ŶԷκζվ˺һ˵
ҶһƣɱȵͶˣ
ҶĽ֣ҲҶһСʱҶĵĽȻҲףȴû֪ʱҶĵĽȫƾԼھʹƷеľʹ˵ƱʮʱҶʹ֡
һȴΪͬҶһƴڽ⽵ʮƵԭչֳһЩҲǳһһƾȻ˫΢΢飬ѪҲзڣ⻹ԼֵסһƵľֻһྡྷԼĽ
ȴ֪Ʒʲôã
ʵҶĴʱҲܣ糯ĳֻԾľû⣬ÿԽת֮½ڵȾںŵǱɵĽʮƣ
һ˻ģΨһ⹦򴫳еĹȴ֣Ʒֻʮƣιʦ˵ʮƣȥֻˣȻʦʮƻûңƻң
ҶĶ֪ȥѰƣΪԼָʼղϽƸҲΡ
ɲ뺰ʲôʮƣˢˢĳȽʮƵźȥ˵
ֻϧƷԸ񲻺ϣҶĳʹоյǵ򻤷֮ʹ
ô˵ҶŸʹƷȫ
û
˵˴ҶҲԾź⽵ʮټԼҲãκòãҪ˵ǲܵġǸղһƣʵһǽʮƵǿᣬֻƾһƷܽ¡һ㣬Ҷζ
Ҳû뵽ɽɾȻô湦һ๦Ŷûɣϴμʶ˹ɵ򽣾ʱҶž˵׽ûɡּһǿƷҶȴ޷ʹȫǿϧ
򻤷ÿϧ
ϧϧﱾҶĹԼܼǴԼ򽣾֮ȫòˣϵּһ׾Ʒƫ˾Ҫ˭Ӯ˭ܣԺԼȾˣҶŵ򽣾Ѿ˰ɣĳأ
˵ֻҶһ̧һϽնиͣһ򽣾ûôɣ򻤷Ҷĳɣ
δ䣬ɫȻһ⣬̼Ѿɵǰ籡ԶҲܸܵĵֱǾòù
ҶϽԽǿˣ
ҶβֻԶԶվֱһﱾҶҪʹʲôҶֻڸƣ˵˾䣺Ϊ˶Ըħ̣Ҷĳ˲ٹģ
ǽζ޹ؽҪֻǻһ䣬ɫ⻪͵һţﻹûӦô£͸о󾱴ƺм塣æҲûʱ鿴ֱһͷͬʱһӣһ
⻹꣬ɫ⻪תĳڿеһתۣŶڵϵ˹
һһתһ̶գۼɣֳֳʹУϲѸݣֻһȻޱȡּɽطʹ֮վǰԶֻҪͣʩչɱбɡ
ֻһϽȥﾹȻغ«һæ侹ȻӦ֮Сڼ빦ȭͷȻӲɵĳκԼһȭϣͺƴһĳһһ֮ͬʱ֮Щɢ
ʲô
ϽҲûӦԹûѲҶĹԲ֮󣬶֮ٿظӾϸϽʵ̶ԼǵɱȡֻҪҶĹûþϽôɢδɢ֮ǰҶֻҪһͷͿԽ¸ԭ
ƫƫҶĵþϽ粻ĴڣһϣǾˡ
ﱾǿᣬһж֮ЧֻһϽܽѪ岽ʬ
ҶļһϽòּһϽԳҲӷϻֱӱޱ߽ڿлһɫİԲĺģǰǱϽһǰһл
һƾôţҲǶͷϲð亹ûϵҶĹֻһЩԼ۷ʱ࣬һȴѲĹʵӦԣֻһʹԼǱˣٶһֵмܣ
ԼŹۻ룬ҶƲĻ徢ܴôݣʹҶʹûɵĴС
˹൱ǻЧμ½࣬ҶҪԸʵ̫෨ˡ
Ͻ׾ԵЩǱҶĸһȫϽ
Ҷɫƣڣɵ˸ԾĲŶͷϲðĺˮǼҶһһıϷһŪɫ⼸˵ĺȴǸˡ
ʦ֡λҶžʹٱ
ɵĽŽҲʹŰѳѾΪ񻰰ĴڣҶźҲʹöڶŪıˣȴûޡ
ħ̸ǰҶĶһŽ򽣾ĹĪλҶſʹһѷɽ
һ뵽ֳ棬⼸˾;ȷᡣһѳʲôĸ¾һʯͷҲܰһοΪĳ
ѲҶĿʹ򽣣ǻѾõ˰ɣ
ɵ˶뷨ɽɵ֪򽣾ǸʲôϾҶɽϵǳս⼸˶Ǽġ
ңʱҲֻ̫ԶԲƵһҶĽʹϽƳһЩŵֻһƣϻűȻƽԱ߲Сıңһ£ʦʲô飬ϵһͷʦƼ価ȻԳһСĽתתȥ
Ȼ⽣̫СˣָСģͺĳһ޶СҲȱ١ֻʦģƽ֪ʦܿʦһ򶷣Ҫ塣
ֻңһϵСͻȻʧ˸һģƽ״ַס̶ڵʦ񹦶ԹмҪʦ¹㣬ǿѧϰֻкڹû޵൱֮ʱԺĪҪʹˣ
ң˻ͷ΢һ֮˵ͷлʦ㣬ʦˣ
鲢û˭ע⣬˶ڹעųϵս
ʱҶҲǰһݲȣԽԽŨͬʱʹɽʱҲʼදıɽһԦɲʲôɵĻ
ֻҶһıɽͻȻըĸȻķΧм̳֮Ǳǿὣ㶼ܶ㣬ֻһδδԼӲ
ôѾ࣬ǱҶĴɢ˲٣ʱ϶˿أѪ˾һѪһ㡣
ʱıϽٴηֻٴδȻ˫һֺհľֻûǰһԾӲɽҧҶĳ˹Ҷģɣ
ȴҶһʹıɽתܣ׼ѵõ֮ȫҶġ
ǷɽҶĹۣ´ɢ˶ҶҲûʲôӰ죬ֻɱһܸıӵ״ǰǱ̫ˡ
Ҷȴ΢΢һЦһȻֳһϽһȴûֱӷųȥУһĳ
Ҷıʱ;òκδʱѾǼϲò֪ǸҲֻӲͷƤǰ塣
ʱͻҶĻһȻټ䣬ҶľȻֱӳԼǰ֮Ҳһϵľһ֮¶ɢ
һҶȴŹᣬֻϳһ𣬱ȵĽͷնȥ
Ȼһ£ǷӦڣҶһնֱӾһ
ϵҶһδڰ;ȻһתնΪһֱȡϽû汬ĽѾۡ
ʱûж룬ֻԾҪһһж֮˱ܵķӦûо˼ʱιеʱӦӦԶѾ˱ܣǿ˼㣬ȻɻӦԡ
ԾУȻ뵽˲ԼһĵУǺҪǾ¶ҶĵĽ£ִټڿһšӲĽŤ˹ͬʱ˫ȭҶĻʱ򹥻Լġ
ʵҲˣһתͼҶֳϽԼԭ֮״Ϊ⣺ҶģʹְϷҪҵ𣿡
Ҷɴ΢Цֻǵ˵˾䣺ûһбҪ
䣬ǱϽȻըѿסͬʱȻâǰһֻââһƬʲôҲƲС
æʹ˼źվҲǱɢܹٽǶ٣﹦ȫҪӭһƬѾƳһƬȻĽͷƤ飬ȴôʼҶķųߵ
ҶʹôһʲôãͻȻĸƿ֮ıɽ
κۼȫǰһƬͻȻɱıɽмֻ֮ĵıɽ̽Լڡ
ǡɱ𣿡
վԵǱһ飬ͬʱ±̵ûһã˸˺ͨͨѪˡ⻹ʲôмɫĳ͸룺һӺĴ̽ǰضһС̽һ۴̽ͷǱȴûܴ̽ڣ̫ѨϽӲץסƾζҲԴ
ҶƼҲһﾹȻ»ץסеһ̽ҪС
㡭ʲô𣿡
һκȴӿһѪûƼҶŵ򽣾ϧ


233 ʹ
Ｔǰ档
ҶƣʼδԾֻ֣Լϸ룬ɫѿ˼֣ɱħ̻޷еġ
ʬʱɻվԭأֻѾûϢҶͷһǼϽ㼴ɢεУ˵˵ز˾ǰУ
ѩҲڵЩŹ֣ʲʱûע⣬ʱʶιʲħͨ·Ѳħ̾ֻһפض棿
͵ǲµ˾ʱɫҲǼΪࣺ¼սȥԸϹ߱Ǽˣ
ʲô˼
ǼԶϹħ̣ϹԶħֻ̻λȴ˰·ĻÿҲҪһ·ħ̵ڱֻ·ͨȥǵˣϹҺͱǼȴûмˡҪôǵ˱棬ҪôǱɳȥ˸סˣ
µĽһһ¾˹ΪҶĵɫÿˡ
һ˶ش˵ҲнԼ֮ǣסһ·ͷԼȫȫһ·֮ٻԮǰл
Ȼ¾ܲĳһ·Ⱥۣɽ˲ö֪󲢲ȫһԿ϶ˡ
ʦ֣ԭأ˻Ϲҵ˵Ҳɱʱ򣬶ԷͻȻɱ󣬽ǸܵУ
͵ĽҶĲû뵽ֻȥþôҲǸ飬һϹҺͱǼɱˣȻתϱߣɽȵʲôʱǸͷ
ǰУʱãʦں棬ֹУ
ϵ棬Ҳһַʩ͵ĹѰ˾ӲĿ书ߵͶֲ˵ĻôԭصȴǼǰжûʲô𣬷ǿս
ɽ۵˺һȴͷһħĪŪԹԼǲС߲·
ȥҲлʵԹ󣿡
õͨǽϲʱĻѶҶһ㷳꣬ͷ˿ԼıֻõģѹֵĿռͶδ֪ʳľ£˶Ե÷ǳţʱһ춯һȺԼҳһš
ôȥҲǸӣʱʵ벻ʲô취ƵʱǰֳһЩӦǳڡ
һ˼⣬²ԾľͿ࣬ȵӶֻ߳ǰȻʣܾǸ滨䣬ޱȣд˴ǻ㣬Զĵطһˮ̶ˮ峺ɼ̶ףС۴Сϡȥ
ط
˻ܵʱҶȴע⵽ǰһ򵥵ķᣬͬʱſڰűܣ˸ʽУͬʱܻܼľ׮˵֮һ֮±֪ĳߵľӴ
Īס
СǰţʱʲôֱߵǷǰԶҲδ˳֡
Ҷǰ˼ҪƿǷţȴԼһ֣һȣʲôˣ
תֻҲͨԾһǱ˳Ѿʣ֮ͨС
ʱֻ˴ͨ˳һһòӢӣϻ΢˼һװһɱѪ֮˿ûΰ㣬һ֪˲Ǹǵļһ
һһߣԼʮ꣬·ȴ˿̬ͦıֱʱ˫ֺһˣǸϣִǸƵϣӵˡ
һȴ΢е⣬ȻǸһŮӣͿʮ꣬ĺƤɰԵĴӤʣһ˫ۺգ͸ͣͬʱͣǹҪǲСſϰݡ
Ҷȴע⵽ŮϹϴǴͷСԼĪаôˡϹϴ󴸲ͬͷС죬൱СŮӵֻҪС㣬ø죬Ϊá
ŮӵϹϴǱһŮӾȻʹô˲Ҳѡ
һԳΣɽԼ˲Զ֮ͣʱһҵĽŲȻħ̽ڣվ֮󣬾бͣĽ
ҶһЩϱ·մȾ˲Ѫ̾Ⱥ꣺ǴӶ϶ǴӶ
תͷҶģ¿һȴʣɽɵҶģ
ǣҶֻԼħ̶෬ԣħ˶ԼţʱҲ֡
Ҷĳϣ˺һ󣺡뾹Ȼᣡֹ˼䣬ͻȻֵɱṫҵģ
Ҷû뵽ͻȻṫҵϣһʱ֮ЩûзӦӦٶȲֻԾֺͳû
˵ֵ֪Ϸ˭
֪˭ϹһһûûˣҶҲòͷӦ˭ûȤֻ֪֪λģ
ǲͣǵŮͻȻүǆ£ʲôֱ˵ˣֶҶĵǴӶģʲô
˻һеϹһҲ˲ʦ𳤶ֱ࣬ʵϹҵˣ
ϹңǹͷȻһĵ¾ǰһӣʵһô
ֻǰ䵽Ϻɢ˿Ƕ¡¡¶˳
󲮣
һƼĿϹ˫ĿԲһ˫Ѫ˿Ҫѿһ㣬гֱӴӽеУԼҲֱԾȻ󽫳סֱŮӶȥ
ʱ˵ʲôǷϻϹֻΪ˱𣬶һϵжļ죬˶ֹֻϹһԾɱŮϷгһһ˲侹Ȼ̳һʮֱȡʮҪѨ
ǹȴܣۼǽҲǲŲæȻһ䣺˴˼ҳԶ˵Сһգһȭ͵Ļ
⶯֣ʱϹǹﻹвپ룬ôԶϹ͵ĽûǹϣʱһȭʲôЧ
ϵ˻ţеϹ;ͺһһƵľ죬˸ǵɶľ䵽ʲôطȥ
ۣ
غһѪϹؿں޺޵ĿСͬʱ֮Ȼһɫȭӡ
ף
ǹϹ͵ӣȻһ˼һȭȻû
ǰ˵㻰ǻᱻȡЦǰϹӣû˾⿴ССѾͷ˵֮
ҶҲһղŮֻӳһȭҲûʲôͽϹͻɣɲʲô˶ĵġֻƾһ֣֪ŮǸ֡
תͷǸһֱվԱ߲ļһ
Ϲҵ˶ɱ𣿡
Ůָ˵°ͣȻʵʵĴûأһƻĺܣȻܵˣǱһһܽЩһܵиһ˼һȭүһƣҲ˶ˡ
ǺˣҶܹ뵽ľϹĪϹֵܽվħУ
ʱϹŬҪվͬʱ¶֮ɫԼ׵֡
Ϲ磡
һֱûڵ˵˵һ䣬Ϊ׵ļһûסԼɱ˭˵˭ԼֶŪ׵һжеֲˬΪ˴ǸɵЩν־ӢĴûᣬζ֡
˵գ˿ڵʥʹеˮʹмµҪҶţ
£
ɨһ֮ͻȻЩһҶΧ򻤷
Χ
ʲô˼
Ʋ𣿡
һ֮£׹Щħ˶ȻǻʱʬȻ϶ǿΧŹȡʤġ
ҶȻ벻׻˼Ц򻤷书Ȼǿڱ뿿ΧŹɱ
ͻȻм֮ɫҶźųƾӽ򻤷ҲҶΪͣҲֻǸҵαӰˣƺΪ֤Լȷǳ򻤷Ϲˣͬһʱ룬Ͻ˸ǲһһܹοиһˣ򻤷ץסһ˵ĳ˳͵Ϯɹű㻹ʲôԣ
˵ƾ˶ܲˣҶĸǴŭ֪ͽʶһҶĳľ
԰գһ˴벻Щ紵ɼȱˣҶļҲòסΡ
˼Ҷķ쭣ȴûо⣬ֻһ߳ŭˡҶĳУϵɢȥҲûҶĻ́ͷһȴҶվԭأͷȴ߱ɫɢɭңңָżˡ
ɫϽȣԶ񱻳Լʵ˲С㾰ǴΪԾǰ̬ٲϸ૵ⲻܣôܻ飡
Ҷĺ˵ЦûʶĴûʶܳ׳Ͳˣ˵򻤷ͬʱ͵ϮôԺǲҪ˵ԼΧˣ
ʱ𾪵У֪Ӧ
ʱɸ˳Цúʦûħ̵ֵ˵ԼΧˣ
֪˭Ҷ뱾ɺʦһʹɽȻ˵ʲӻ⵽Χʲô𣿸㣬ҶżжӲסҶŵķɽƵļã
һ䳰ȷɫΪѿʱǴһܣôĻֶȻ۷ɱʹҴİϷ
һ˶ƲֻһҶȴɫ䣺ξôģ
Цһξˣʲôϡ棿ʥŮյĿֺͽŹǵһˡԱ˾ƣֻһ󺣳ϸԳһ˰ľңҵξɱǸʲôֺǿĶ࣬Ҳڴɵİ
ЦУһҶģȴûע⵽ҶĴʱɫԽѿȵƾ֮ʱǺȵ֪֮ҲְᲢۣ
˵գһӣ߱Ͻһת⣬Ȼ󱬳ҫ۹⻪ֱӴ߸ƣôԼҲⲻһҽʬ³ԲòʱС
ҶһβеĻᣬ߱ϽһɳԼҲṦԾǰģƷʹ˳ȵ׾ǿмȴҲ˲߱Ͻ
ۼϽҪʬֻӰһǸߺǻŮͻȻԾ˹ֱʹֶν߱Ͻˡ
ǻŮ˫һԾϹϴ¾ȻıϽһϽˣŮȻﱧԼĴϸ˺һȴϽûӻԼϹϴ𻵵ϣ˼ҵĴӣ
ߴһ𾢽ϽˣѾͷȻǱŴӺһۣϸһƣԭǾϹϴ汻ϽһƤԺٵĴӣȺȡҶĵ˵
κû䣬ͻȻһǶ𣿡δ䣬ϳһû콣Ӱֱӽ˽ȥ
ƫƫڴʱǹﺰ˾䣺˼ҵĴӺϡİ


234 Ͻ
ŮϧĲŴӣǱѾսһţֻͽгһţ콣Ӱֱסķ޿ˣֻӲԼһ콣
;޽ʮ꣬Ҷ۵伮ʱʱ˵ЩۣһʲôĶ־ʹһ׽ֻһʹй֮
һ콣еٱǧʮʽеƻط㽣ȴֲ˶ɽȫ潣ĽУͬʱǹָὣ佣еľҪ
Щﶼûʲô𣬲ǽаˣΨһĿģֻнǰͷ
߼ͽȴţٺһЦˣṫɽ֮ڹɵУҲǳġձȡȻٺҶһۣ
ʲҶ¶һʹ߽ľͷȴǲСǸŴκħԵҶˣֻͣǸеʵ˰ˡ
Ҳȷ԰ıǮֻһ𣬻һ㱬ǿľ͵Ľɢ࣬öлû㱻ȥ
ţ
ͷΪԼһ¶ȻܹɣϵнȻȥ룬ǱɽȣֱԼ
е˼
һ˲֮ɫһȭȻȭͳӲһǡ
Ǽ߹ˣ˻ͷͿˣȻ޴֮£ʵȴһȭͷ֮ϣһǿ֮ĻųֱԼľ룬⧲¾Ȼɻĵɳȥ
Ṧ׿ǱһҲӰΣƮƮ˵ϡȻȴͼΪȣ𾢣
Ӧ죡ȭϾƣһȵһһʱվԭأһ˦ƳϣǾ㼯֮һȼյһ
ϹPOSSΪǲS
ҶһתͷͿͷأ԰ͣͬʱ˵֮ЦϷĶǵɽɣձҪɾǶӳλҲͷӵҪ̫֣
һ˲ԭͷǳĸףѹҲó𾢡
ԡǳ𹦣
ҶıΪͷҲǳ𾢣漴ͷǳеʱȻһܹƳǺɫͷϵһţȻ֪γɣһ֮ȴһ޶Ǳȳ𾢸ߵĶ
ĻߵĹʲôͺˣɳΪ𹦣ɣǲɡ
ţҶŵǺüʶȻʶϷĳ𹦣ͷһٴȭͷȭеĻ𾢱һֱ֮ɢǻвྡྷȭͷķ϶⹦ʵĺܡ
ϷʿԪʥʹеĻʹߣ
˼ʹͷû꣬أ԰POSSʱǱǸŮͻȻһָԼһЦĽ˼ҽ棡
˵գܱϵʿԪֻǽԼ˫𣬴죬ԵǹȤŪ˼ҵĴӡ˼Ҳ춨Ҫÿ
û䣬Ѿǰ˫һգźķͷҶԴ
ȻŮǿֻһѴӵƾ;ԲҶļˣͷһıɵϽɱֱ
ϵŮȻܣֻһ̶ıϽȻŮ䲻ôͬʱϱɫĹâʱҶĲ֪ԭŮȻǿĻԼķɽȻκá
ôƬ̵ĹϹϴѾҵҶͷϣֻǰСŮѽһֱϧһȻƾˣٶȴ̫ҶĻܴݵĿǴϵĻƣȻԾպÿӴǰ
̣
һƾ̳֮ҶĶûϵû䱻ǳǺһ¡̳ɢȥֻСվһ֮ǰ˫Ϲϴ͹Ĺĵĵôܶأ

ҶĿ˿׵ĴӣԴԼһ㺹ˮ㻹վǽ㴸ɣСѾͷͷô㾪ˣ
ڴʱֻɵͷͻȻҶСģŮǻ壡ǿޱȣˣϰҲмܣ
ҿ˵㷢𣿡Ҷ䣬ͷѰ˼ӦӦԣκ˼ҿɲ˼ʱ䣬ֻǽС־˫дһѽȻôһϹϴ˹
Ҷļ״Ҫϻû˾Ͳ˴ӱжϢ֮ʱԲоԼ»˵
ʱɽҲСģ
κȴû͵Ϯ֮˶죬ֻһĺȴƽĽ˹죬ϸ֮ɫֻԼһ͵ϮȻȡҶĵ
뵽Լһĳ֮ʱҶȴȻһתԼһ˸ղ˵ͬʱԼ첲һԼһƱ㲻ܿƵļǰơֻ˻ڽʧأϵҶĽһת֮ȻתԼ棬Ȼһתֱ֮𣬸ԼĺһơһҲƲסԼΣһֱӾӭ档
ʹĪҪ´
ɫֻ̼ͺһɤӡֻȴûվĴ㣬ֻǿԼһϡ
ֻһ֮Ȼûз죬ҲûʲôֻգգۣԼǶԴ˵һ´ٴ˼ң˼Ҿô㣡
ʱסκƣ˳Ʋ˲ᣬᣡ
ղΪβվ
֪ǻǿᣬȻһƵģֻԼͷϵĺˮԽԽ࣬ǶϹϴԼԴϻȥʱһ㡣
治мĵΪ˼ɵϣʱȷŹ㣬Ժˣ
˵꣬תͷҶģһȴûоŴӳѾʶôһһҹҲ򲻵Ҷġ
תͷֻǸͷڰ̵ͣү㻹û˼Ұ
ŶŶˣ
ֻʿԪ߶ž˹ȻƶûһۡҶıΪͻûֽͷԵѵϵ;ȻվԶҲϱȴԽԽѿ
ʦܣôˣ˾ȻҲԶҶһ߶һһһͬʱѩԼ´סһȥʦܾȻ
ŮûӦҶǶѾ׼Ҳ໰ֻһһתһ߱ϽհȻڳһƳ
ǡ߽󣿡
ɵӻƲֻƼ߱ϽΧмĻ漫ƣɽɵһ⼸Ͻλӣ̾õʲôзˡ
߽˲˲֮ʱͬȼֿ⣬ν൱ǿĴڣ󷨱仯Ƿޱȡ
ҶҪһ˲췽ҹ̷˵νһҪķֶãôһʹɽ߽Ǿķˡ
һܲķҶĲ֪ɲΪĳǿģ壬ΪӲħģĲ輸С
߽㲻߽󣬵÷ɽһôǱǲҪǷз߱ϽһʹУҲԴתĿһУҲԭĲ̫ࡣ
߱ϽʹһΧɽ˻ûôأħǱߵĽȴѾȶˡ˼Ͷã϶ʿԪĹģ߾ˡ
κȻҶҲܹǵģ˲һ߽Сָֻһֻ̣һɫһţϱһСָССԵ
һͺһһһɱһȥҶҲ̴ʹ߱ϽΧʹߡ
ѩͻ¶죬ֻŮһţתۼԳʱŮͣȻ󽻸طš;Ȼվվˡ
ôˣ
²鿴ȴûʲôơ
ͿڵˣϹİ
ǡڴʱǱҶΧڽеôҷһϽȻƾϽ̫ѨԼϣȴЦŵǸƯĴүӵħƺܿͻأ
̫໰ˣ
үۣ
Ҷļ⼸˱ڽоȻôɣֱڳЦ߱ϽʹĸϸǱޱ߽ɫ⻪ҫ۶ĿΧֻƼϹݺȥȻҲƲˡ
ٹƬֻ̣õһƬɫ⻪ΧһȦѵüҶԼҲȦУ˭ҲƲ⼸˵Ρ
ʱʹȴеѹֻ｣ݺᣬޱ߽ܹ˷ϮҶʱʱֹǰǰݵӣҲ˵ˡ
׼ᣬҶȻϣϾֱʹһһǿһУǽʮԼʹõ£ϲʹõϹƱһˡ
һƱɫһݣ׵ʿԪǲСУͷȴûκͷǴҲǲ𾢣ӲҶĶһ¡
һ죬ˣҶֻʿԪһӴɫ̾һ䡣
ʱʿԪȴЦҶģ㵽׻Ϸĵˣ
ҶĲԲֻǾԭͬʱ߱ϽҲݺȥ˻صҶߣ价ڼ䡣
ֿ̧ԼģһƬ죬ⱾǱ𹦻ףǱ˵нɫ
Ǵʱĵĳ쵱оȻ͸һ˿ҶĸооȻһɱ֮ɱ֮ΪϤ
Ǻԣԡħ
ҶĽԼĹʿԪҲо˾Ȼħʶǲף֪ΣȻħĴȻҲô˹ܹڴ˹֮£Ҳ԰ˣ
˵һЦֻҶѾǱɣڵϹΣϷħֻ
ԭϹǱͷħ͵ϮĿԼĹɻ⣬˼ֺϻ֮¡
ǡڴʱǶڷһȴҴΪ˾ұˣܱ޳֮˵
뿴ȥȴϹżϹҵ˳ֻ֣Ǵʱ˴ˣϹʱҲǻ˿ںѪۣһ֧۾ǱҲ֪Ϲ˻Ǿˡ
ӣϹæһһȻǣƣ͵һѪ
Ͷ
ȻĲԶκм͸ħ̽ڣֻȴлħ̽ɱܻϵһ
ʿԪǱܵ˵ϹмƲƲ죺˱ˣϻ࣡Ҷţ㻹ĪҪˣҪ֪ħ֮ԽйɢԽ죡
ҶͻȻЦŵ֪ħģ
ʿԪ⣬ֻҶʱ䡣Ҳ⣬ʱԽãԽ
漴ͼҶԽŨڲֹԶԶȥӰƲֻһƬƬԲ֡
Ҷĳй˹㣬ǴκβҶĳҲһκβãӦøеңﶼûһУ
䣬ֻصɫȻɢͬʱԭ֮ؾȻֳɫһȥ춼ǡ
ʱħˣɽˣҲϹҵ˶֣ͣɴ˫ۿȿ澰Ҳ֪˭Ȼ˵һ䣺жٰѽҶѵܹʹ򽣡


235 ɱ
ҶйħİԶֹǹɽ޿κεľʮֵ˽⡣
ȻʿԪħ֣Ĳͬԭ϶һġ
֣ޱǺñǺг֮ſʼħԶ壬а𾢡
ʿԪ෴֣ǿǣ൱ȻſʼħһʿԪĻ֮ҰԵƵĳʿԪħֻƾ豾һ𾢣Ҳǽһĺˣħ֮󣬸ӽӦԡ
ۻ룬ǹɰԽԷ֣Ҷй飬ĸ治ܹӦԵħ
ѹֵħһ⵽˵ִʿԪħȻҲûɣ˱ѾӦˣ޵ˣ
д룬ҶĶʿԪ͸ӿ˼֣ȵһƳ⣬Ȼ仯ɫɽ֮ЩϽд඼ָʿԪ
ʱҶֻûһ΢ĿҪ޷ǿ仯ֻ֮ǼϢһ˿ѾڵתɣȻÿһת֮¶׳󼸷֡
ЩȫǲдһܻմȻûаһħʱѾҶһɢųϽԼֱߵĵطܷһлɱ⼸˵Ĺؼ
΢ػһ㣬ҶĽʹ󣬽һƬԲУʱǱڿеϽͺƵ˺һˢˢһתСʹߴʱ类߶˵һֻеһ
ôϽҲܽˣ
˻𾪵ſе澰ĵﲻԽľͷһЩħ̽Ѱ˼ǲӦϽӵ״ôǴĲϾ춼ǳľʵ̫ˡ
˭֪ҶҪЧʵϽǸôǿϽµĹһ˲䱬ʮϽͻĹȫ΢ûٶȿƵĻŪʮѵҲǲܡ
һŪټǧϽԼ̾ͻڵһػضڡ
Ưŵϰ٣ǲǶǰʵϽҶıžһʵôɫΪľСȺħһ㾰ŵĸεѣʱ㻹û֣һҲѾӮ¡
ٿʿԪͰڳ˷ļƣͬʱǾ֣Ҷлû˾ѾйƣȻһͷ
ʿԪҲǼʶ㣬ḻʱ̱ƳҶһǺľҲǽһнԼڵİƳ⡣
ҶһֹȻǿᣬȷԽϷƳ⣬ҶѾ˰ɣ
ϽһԳڼҶĵֻҶֱͦվҲֻǵȻһЦһвҪҶĳදֻҪһͷɽȺըҶĳһߺߣӵס˵ɣ
԰ҲʿԪԣֱ˫ĿһգȴǼоϽֻһƬϽ뱬ȽһƬͺƾճһɫ̫Ҫ޷ֱӡ
ʿԪǰһԾľͱ۾˶ǱǾǱɣ̾ˣͬʱҪĻָԼ
˵ĶҶȻ˫ۣȴҲĺܣֻҪڣôʲôӲĸ֪εظһ۾ҪѾȷ˼˵λãͷһɫ̫籬ըһɫһƬԲڼ䡣
ҶϽͬʱеϽλãʮϽйҪʿԪһ˱ռȥһ롣
ЩҪֻ࣬ͬϽǷס·ǲҶܡֻۺǱ𲻳ЩϽĲģΪ⼸˶Ȼ߾ӲһС
ֻһļ죬Ͻڵ֮ϸĳϽѹµȴֻ̳
ֻһųϮһ߾Ҷһеֲ֮һ߲סĺˡʱֹסɽҲϹҵ˾۵һ
˵񼼣ܹܵס
ϹŲԶ籩µޱɫâһ߸̾Ҷһ֮ǿᣬһҲǼʹУ͵ϮļһﱻҶɱӶԼ籨˳еˡ
ֻһתͷƼԼֶӵģԼҲĲˣϹܵ˱صĶ࣬ǹɹľҲ޷⣬Լ绹ڵǻа취ȴ
ԼΪ˾Ҷܽзи̣Ŵʱħ˶עҶϹֱߵԺѰԵϹԣȻְס䵤ϹҶصڹǿнھϹھ˸ԻͬʱǹɹľҲζԻתԼڡ
ˣҲǶԴһˣ
ûע⣬ϹȴһֱעԼ׺ֳߣʱɫͻȻ쳣ѿԼһֹɫ̵ôˣ
Ϲ˰֣ǰϲôνˣ˵գǹɰȻѾϹһӾˤ˵ϡ
ֱʱ˲ע⵽ߵ󣬵ҲǡڴʱҶǱ߿ֲľֹЪһɫ⻪ʧ̳Ҳɢȥ
ʱ˳еǵһǵƱӲķһƵءϽĵطıΧ˰ࡣʹߣİϽһǴӺʱ˹ȥϽڵ֮ʹûˤڵأȻôȥ֮⣬ȲһϽһϽǲ˼档
״һ֮¾֪ѾĲˣһȵضûС
ʿԪԵøǱǽ˲˵ѡูȡϱ۶ϽʱͣѪͬʱ˫ָԻץһϽ
ȻǱʱȴûȥͷ鲻Ǹܱȣֱľ±ǿÿÿؼһ΢һ㣬ùĲλҲ˶ˣЩѾ㹻һ˱ҲƾǿסԼˣȥܣҪ˶þͻ
˾ȴǸĻ¹ϼûκ˺ۣȴһ͸źڹĳضʱɴ˫һŵӿǰĺڽֻе˫Ҳûɿ
Ϸ򡭡ϷȻô׾ˣ
ʿԪԼǱģԸӣȴ޷ţҶľȻֻһоͽԼ˾ɱˡ
⡭һб򻤷򽣾˰ɣ
ǣ
ʿԪЦЦѹ򻤷Ƴ硭ȷǡȷʲôͷû˵ˣֻ˵һʱͶˤԶҲˡ
ʱҶĲųһ棿ʵʹеһģҶðħϺڷɽĻֱӴ̴࣬Ѿͷûʶô¾Ѿ
Ҷ߹ȥǺڽûɢϴӺ۱ɫââ΢΢ţֱâʧǺڽſʼСٲüֱʱʬͨһԵ
Ҷ̧ͷۣһƬԲл߰˱ϽʿԪϲŵģʮ
ָһ̧ʮϽͻȻһȻ͵Ĵϰն±ȽֻҶһӣѾ챻Ƶħ̽һָʮϽ͵ľͱһȺħС
ħӼʮϽ̾һ󻩣һתܣڼ󺰴Ҳ֪ںЩʲôǱŻֻǱܵĺйжĿ־塣
ϧƾȥҶĶаȵʮϽɵһȺڲԶ֮ʱҶֻüͷһκ̬ʮɽȻѿޱֱ߽ӽһƬطڼ䡣
һνµı꣬ÿħ⵽ʮ֪ٵĹˣɽֻһ⻪ݺᣬҽֻƬ̾;ƽһصʬ֤ʲһʵ⣬ղһĻƻþһݶ𺳵Ľš
һУҶҲ΢һΣͬʱüҲһʹһսľ޴󣬱ǾҲࡣɽܹ鲻һʡ飬Ҷֵܹ֧ڲžòѾǼΪǿ
ʦ־Σ
ѩһʱסҶģȻѯһ䣬صɽ֮ҶĲŵûʲôϢһ±ָܻ
ߵǷԱߣҶĿ˿ϥص˾䣺ʦܵΣ
ʱԣ˹ȴûش𣬻ǻµصıϲɫûʲôˣ
Ҷ͵ɫֿ˿صı飬ûµĲ²ǶԵģʿԪħȻǿᣬֻҪ㹻ǿܹа취ƽġ
ʵԼµĹ㹻ʱ䣬㲻ֽȫƳķҲ仯֮ڵԴ˫޵ķ֮ĹʵѾ֮ʱƾЩ⡣
˵ţļ࣬ľȻֿ֮ȴȻ䡣ȹƬֻ̣Ͼÿα仯֮ļһɫὥŴȻǹͷ۵Ķ
ɶƳôûʲôˣʦǲСľʿԪĵҲô׾ͰͷֻͣʦչûϹʲôĸ֣⾭ϱԼв磬ѹֻС
Ѱ˼ţֻϹؿڵʦҵɣ
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ħ֣ҵΪ˾֣ԼҴķڵľתԼڣǹɰҲ֮ҵˣҵˣȴǵ͵סǹɾʴˣ
һĹϹѾ׹ľʼĩ
ԭҹ֮ʱħ̾͵ϮϹˣʱϹ˾Ϊһ͵ϮˣϹΪ˾ԼܵܣһʯмͬʱСȡΪˣʹ͵ϮʱϹ޷ӳȫʵʿԪȫ͵ϮɹϹϼڼϡ
ɼˣϹһ˶סħˣԼȡ㹻ʱ䣬Ϲǻȫ
ϹȴһսбʿԪˣôβܣҪ˶þͻǸձȻһϹνܲ˵ģŻԼҲҪסϹһΪ
Ҷһǰһ߲鿴ϹƣڲŰͬʱܵˣอҲƺܵλ⣬Բ໹һˮ㾢Ǳţ״ν֮
ģ㸸׶Ȼû£
Ǵ˴Ҷڣһ˻˭Ҳ޲ߵľ棬ҶĵȴóЩˣֻҶһһɫת䵽ϹͷٻѨϣͬʱԼһư̷Уһư£Ƭ̼ͽϹڵİ⣬ͬʱอŲԭλ
ֻǳˣȱסǾеĶֻзסպѰʱϹָлҲǿԡ
лҶš
뻰ûֻ꣬Ǽ䷿ĴȻѣдܳһΪѸݵӰһָϹԣ


236 ʥŮ
ҶĸվսѾĴƾһָ˲ȴϹϡ
ʱһӰȻֱϹҶ̷ץסϹļͷһ˦Ȼžһĳֱȡ͵Ϯ֮ˡ
ΪԼһȻ͵Ϯ֮΢㵣ȻԼͿԽһ֮һȻϵԼһĳ֮ʱ˾ȻҲʽһת΢һŤһָȻֱԼϵⷬһ
飿
ָཻᾢֱӳ忪ԼǲȻԼУ֮ܣֱ۸΢΢һһ˲侹Ȼá
ͬʱҶҲڿ͵Ϯ˭ȻħʥŮ飬ѹһֱԼȴ޷֣ṦĽԷӦĹ
Ҷţּأ
԰ָһȴַųöྡྷͽҶڡҶֱֻ۾һ飬ǹᾢԼںѨסһʱ书ȻҲвˡ
ţҶ⹦־˰ϧʹǿĹҲˣһӣзɳһƮƮһֱӽҶĲ˸ʵʵ͹⣬ʱ֫ҲסҪҲǲܡ
ʦ֣үţ
䣬һգ۵ĹȻͷֱʣһ켲ͬҲֶξʹ
̼䣬ֻС֮ǰҷɡݺᣬһţͬʱ߰Ʈת˲ͳ嵽ߡ
⹦ҽģΪã
һգƮವľ˻˳ƽҶҲԼߣҶļһľһ£һҶĸǶˡ
ͬʱָһ󼱵㣬ɲǼ侹ȻûָӰָӰһ֣ĽƮɢȥΣȻֱ̼Ծ˰ա
ǵҶҾʹˣİɣǺܿͻȥأ˵꽿ЦһֱӾûӰӡֱʱѩųʮɫŴӿлȴӰҲû㡣
ʦ֡
ԼʦıץߣѩּԼʦֵǿеʱȴܻסʦȫԼʦֺ෬ħҲǳƺ˷ץȥȻֲ˺ãʦ־׶༪١
תͷʦܻ˹ˣȻƼ߷飬κδʱ˹ؼʱ̣ͣͻǰ
ȻҲĽҶİΣʱȴҲѲֻܽѩ
ʱ˷ҶһȥȻûһͷ֮ˣһĬֻɵɵԭء
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ͬʱϹĻһ˲ʶ¾ȻҲûӰӣȻǸղߵʱ¾׷ȥֻʱҶע飬Ȼûע⵽ʲôʱȥġ
ƮסҶŽףץҶŵʱŰѻҲˡ
ϹһֱڵϣԿʱһ˵˲龭ͬʱҲṦôֲ˵£˾ȻȥȥĶƲ
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ѩȥһƣֻСݼԶһһ׹ǵҶĴһѾҵ͵ѡ͸µһ
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һԶϹ̵ĪҪ̫ۣȥѰƧڲǣ˵һ󼱴Ȼ˺Ĳ࣬չûȬǾ޶ֻǱѹƣûɢ״ĺܡ
Ϲҵĵ̧ϹϹڲԶһСﰲٺãȥɽ˵ʱȴΪͶãֻþôˡ
Ҳã߷ֿһһҲܻӦһ˵վͱ۾רĵϢҲ볢һܷƾǹɶϾҲǽͷеġȻϹԻ˹ĵӿɲϹܱȡ
οԻҲǽ˵ʱӵеԻһ°ˣǶϹˣһҲòţĶԻһȾֱӶĲˡ
Ϲ磬ȻˣҪĻǸƵϹ֮ʱûʲôΣգֻħֿ֮һ㡣ֻħ̡
Ⱥ۽һβ˶޹ؽҪˣ
ԼҲΪָܹսŬ˹ģ
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ܹԲҲܶʦһЩæ
ͷϸղŲһ־ͳ˿ҲĸΪԼͷ
ʮأؼҲ࣬Ȼһоͱ˴ܣҹȻڱӻ¹̫ˣ

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ΪЩʲô̵ʱֻЦ˵ƾȥ˵СѾסˡ߿ܣΪӵɽţҶŶȻ仰ĺ壡
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ͽԼصʦ㣬ʦǿĵĽţ԰ֵϧѾ˴֮͸ˣ
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˻¼ۣüǰɫվ֮ʱ֫Ҳͬв죬ʲŻתŲ֮ˣȵƽ˲֪ٷ顣
ζҶģû뵽ҶŻǴ˵мңͽ̵Ĳأ˵Ҳˣ
˵˴Ҷֻûһ󱳾Ȼð༦ƤͻȻڱ֮һ
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ϧԼƮ鴫ڣԴ˹Եʵڲǣ绻鲻֪Ĺ÷Чá
ȻһĽеԾţʱ㵹ǰѽѧأ
㣬Ų׾ٵľͶ˻һͬʱ׼¶̽ƣһ죬Ǹаָֻǽһ㣬ֻýһҲסֱ̽Ӿֶ
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ϵԼû˵ֻ꣬һͣͺ̶һΣҲ΢һ١

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ͽٶأҶŲǿڿ˵ֻŮ𣿾Ȼôգ
ҶĳŮõģѧõҲõģܵ𣿡˵գֻһ֣Ȼ͵ıལԼһƮ˺Ƭ⣬㻹ǵһԼɣ
ô죬Ҷͻָ࣬ǷסѨľ׾ٵľͱ忪ˡԸЩֱɲ
ҶľȻԼĽǸղűĽҲһݽߵܷų鲻Ϊȣôͻָ˹˱˵Ľƣ
ߺߣҶ뻪վһЦһҲ㣡


237 
ߣ˵ǲ˵û𣬷춼Ҫһ֣һָָϾƣֻһƱ֪һָǾۼ˼ǿĹвҲˡ
Ҷļ״Ҳɫһ䣬֪ԼµȻָ๦ǾԼ۷Ҳ༫õķӾһһȻȵָٺžһս
˵ԣ֣ĺã
ʲл°ʱ䣬Ҳûָ忪ơĻԼʱѾȥʱˡ
ΪźŮĹȻ˽ķǳֻ̣Ҷû뵽Լˣ⻪Ҳܹ侲
ү¾ͺã
ЦӦһȻֿҶģŵүСģĺָף湦ɣ¼ܹӦԵסָĹ򲢲࣡
ЦЦָ廤ھ»רڼ˵УҶһƾҪˣ
԰գһȻֱӳҶǰͬʱһָҶĵѸףԷӦļ
ҶĺҲν˵·Ѿһ˽⣬ûԼѾٰʱ嵽ԣҲ˫ָһָʹָһָõȴе󽣡
һҲüͷһ塣ΪҶļ˽վһȻ٣ϵһ־ƣָ֮ϽȣֱȡԼСָǷųһƮĽ
ͬʱǹԼĽָҲһذһ㣬ûԼѾбд̵ĸо
һָһת򣬲ûкˣ΢΢һҶǵȻָȥƲתҶļͷ
һζȻסҶģֻҪԼָҶļͷѨôҲһ˲ס
ʱȽ֫㻹
ϵԼһָۿžҪҶļͷȴھĵطôӲ˰ա
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ҶźײأȻôѪȿ£ҲΪӽ
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ԲűϣֻǰǻһŽƴʱ۳һţһ󲨶֮Գһѳ̬Ҷ˵⵱ϽѾ۳ͣವһֱȡ顣
ϽѸףҲɫ󾪣ϽٶȣṦҲӹΨһܹεľҶĵķӦԼٶȣʱϽٿҲ֮ˡ
Ҷĺúݰ
һ˵ŻһԶԶĵطϽ˸գ黹ûͣ½ţͲϽڿмתһ·Լɱ
ƵڿҲתΣſôϽĽεȴҲʼմݲȵħʥŮЩǱ
оԼܵ𺦣ɫҲǴ䣬ŭֱҶĶȥҶĲϽݺȥιҲǲܲˣ϶ϼѪڣҲҪ嵽Ҷǰ
Ṧܲ˵ô˸ûκεķӦʱ䣬ȻҪ֣κֻü΢΢תͷһƾѾҶؿ̷Ѩ֮ϡ
ͬʱҶĵϽҲǽ۵ƸסأжͣȻѪȴʼѲ
ҶһʹκβҪͻȻϽԼ֮ϵӲжˣָоͺǡ
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ҶôԼڵɽԼջص֮ƺԽԽ󣬶תҲԽԽ죬ͬʱмһƬ򣬶ոǽҶԼջ˵ϵ澢Ҳ˽
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鱾оҶڵѾԼϲ̵ĵŽҶһȻﵽĿģϵҶھͳһǿǸոյ˻ȥԼϵľҲȥ١
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ֻȻһҶĵϡϰؼ֮ڣֻҪ䵤شôĹǲҲ߻ħ˵ص³ȻʲôҲʹˡ
ϵҶڵ״ڵڣԼһϲûֹסйʹǿ˼֡
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Ѿ΢õʹ֮Уֻ֮óר־ĲԼе
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һǼΪҶԴϰ仯֮󣬾ͿԼ֮仯ǲҶĵģǵתһܺ󣬱ԭתĽ仯任κԭӡʧҶԭѾûκβ
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ڵϥ˹ҶĿʼϸ鿴Լʱ֪ԼھΡ
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뵽һǴӻȡǾɣȴȫҶģò˸֮̾Ѳ⡣
ͬʱҶϹһûбǰνľԼѾʣ޶ࡣָһЩܹûлָ۷壬ƽ£ɼˣҲǳŵҶļΪܡ
ǵԼŪǸȻǴһ˹ȴܿ磬ƴʱʵǲʹá
ԺĪҪˣһСİԼɾ̫輸ˣ
˴κ˵ͷǸţԼĹһأȻҪһʱȥӦܹø֮⣬ԼµĹһصĸоָоܹŹ֣һʱҲ˵ס
ֻһڿȷǾǵĹ֮Լܹ˽⵽жôǿᡣ
ǰܻһֿ͸ĸоȴܹµĸоﵽʲôˡȷڵԼҲӮɽš
˺һϵĲʸнʧľҲӦǿȵȻеŤѾж
뻪˵һ˿ʼ뿪ĵ·ʲץһ󼲱˸Ͳ֪Լ
ͬʱѩվһõ֮ͨУǽ䱸֮ɫĶǰǸµŮӣŮϵĳʱڵѪЩѪȫԵŵɽӵġ
ѽѽԭŮҲô˼ҺһڴȴҲˣȻǼ治
ѩȻѵκŮӵĹʵǿԼֻ΢һ񣬱ŵӾϣǺˣ
ŮӶһϵѪվ˦֮Ц˼ûнܹ𣿰ѽʧ˼ҽа׾ǱһεʥŮ⣬˱˼ҵʦʱλʦֿذɣ


238 Ȱȣ
Ҷ˺һһֱһĿأܾɫԼжϳȷԼͻЮѾħ̵ش
ǲԶߴ繬һķᣬٲԽٲҲ֪Ǹ˭סˡ
ﶨħ̽ϳ
أ⵺ϺûὨƻֺ룬үҪɱȥ𣿡һҲȥһĲ
ֻǿǸԼʦڵϣչе㲻̣Ѱ˸Ƨĵطˡ
ܹģиڣҲǱ֮
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ҶĴԼŮƺҲ֪ʲôڽԼʥϷóĹԺҶű̵ˣ
ҶҪڣͻȻһ䣬ЦЦµĹҶĳ̲ˣ˵һ˵ʦҲܿ
䣬һϺгҶУֻϺг׳Ѫȴּ˺ۣЩѪǱ˵ˡ
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ֵ֪ԼҴ⵽͵ϮѾϵһıʦһɱ̼ǰУǻԮȱס˵
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ԼݲĺˣϣȻݰ
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һڣʦתǰֻ˵Ҷ𻰣ȴλ커֪ŵıڹУ
һһı飺ûУ˵һָʬ壺ֻ˵úɵϾСĽǱŵˣҲõȥˣ
ҶʦһӣϺֵһţʱδԼŵĵӣѾħ̵ˣ
·ûУȻѾȥˣҶû뵽Ǳ̾Ȼôţֱɱ˽ȥԼſȴͣǰ໹Ǵ󰡡
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ϺȻеʱӶһ㣬ǱϾʿһ㶼ģҶֻҪ˿־á
ֳʤٶȣҲҶĿĶࡣ
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ȥˣϺôײУ
̾ţֻϺоȻ͵³һѪҶ֪ϺӮҲɣһʮȭÿ

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ԭʦƳ񹦷ԸԸӲͦһʮȭ͵ȭ¶ֱҪ˶ԷԼضܣУǷǵô򵽰пⲻɣʱܵôʱ䣿
˵Ż͵ס˿ڣȴǶԶ˺Ҷġ
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Ҳʧأɻϵʱ򱱽ŵĵӾ࣬ԼҲǹ˲ʣƲء
Ϸβ֪ʦ˵һ¾ṦǱ߸ȥˣԶ书ǿԮʹ鷳Ҳʲôˣ
ҶȴǿԮɱһ⡭ʦû뵽һ㣬ϣܹǰĳԹԸħ˵ֻҶԼãͻȻɳʹҲҪȻΪʲôħ̡
ͬʱħ̵ҲµƳˣħķȷ书ˣϴҲսܵĿܽϴôħһʼɳرԸԼϹңпܾΪȰʵļȻٵսԸ·Ⱥۡ
ֻ˭Ҳûϵһж˳Ҷ˶ӣеϹһ·ûмֵʹԮԮʹҲûܳƸɵɽˡ
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Ƿҵܵܣ˾ͽһ־ͺǲˬҶţҶɱ£ɼҶŵı²ףЩǴǵܵˣ
仰֮˾ͽȴҲȥһȺˣţûǺ𣿡
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ʱһֱûпڵ֣Ҳ뿪ڣʦ֣Ӧ˰ɣ
ֱʱ΢΢һЦʦܵǶ̲ס˰
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һ֣벻ʦô˵ʲô˼ȴҲԼħϵʵ
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ֻǰһȻʧ֣Գ˫Ʒֱڶ˼һģ˵ˣ֮ǰһֱû뵽ͬꡣ
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ڸԵĿԽ񹦵ķţĳȻеȤҲ˶ˣ˵΢΢һƣһ貱תͣǴһƬƬıңĳžֻƾǺĳͲܳΪֵһˣ


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ȻŽ֮û˭ԼµֵһˣǴ涼ٻһͷǾŽ֮Ľһ֣
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ϧžȻѡ񣬱ΪǸ˵ģ˾ͽ̾һƺúǿϧ֮⣬Ȼ˿ɺԼжһô鷳顣
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˵˴֮ʱ˳ڴУȺ˵ĳֲûʲôȴżˣǼ˭֮󣬻ʦԼҶɫ̴䡣
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ѹֻΪʹߣԭΪԭ򣡡
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һ֮Ҳվм䣬Ҷһˣһ˿ڵǸ׳գ˵ʲôҪϵĹذ£ֱԴʥ־ֲڴˣȻڽеЩء
񣬺࣬˾;ܣϲ԰׵Ĺ죬յһƵء
һЦߣ˶ҲҵģһﵹҲһˣԼͬȻͬۻ룬θߴҶĹһ׵ߡһòã˵Ǻһ󺺡ʱһڴֵںڳǹʱʱǹ˵ϵı̣ŮȻе󣬲òͶԺ͸°ɣ
˾ͽֻ΢΢̧ۣ㣡
Ǵϲ˾ͽȴ˵һ䣺ðǲСʰ˲а
û䣬ͻȻһ󽣹ֱӽħ˸˽⵱У⻪ȻҲѼ˵۾ֻʣһѤõĽ⡣
ŴѪ
ͻʦʶֽŴѪĶžλżҵļͲʽ֮ģʹʱҲ˵ǸʲôĽȴһص㣬ǾǹšҼ죡
ۣȵɢȥֻ֮ŴѪűѾԾɽԼҶĵмλãһǡһνħΧм䡣
ۣ
֪ڴʱŴѪͻȻһѪϳҲǴѣͬʱֹѪɫ
ħ̽Ȼͬ졭
ʲ˾ͽǾ仰֪Լٱ¶ٲֱһ콣ΪɱˣҲܽܵˡûϵԼȻȫǸ˾ͽ£һ˳ƷԼؿһƣֱӽĵɶԼӦ˳ƽ̸̵Լһ͵Ϯɾʲôöûˡ
ͷű̵˾䣺ĪҪģǵС
˵һ룬ŴѪȴȻ˵ѪƲҪǮһͣӿͬʱŵŻеı̡
ֻ̽ЦһͬʱһȺѿһŴѪĶͷϣżȻӦǱһذ׵ؿԵȥ
վһЦһ˫һ꣬һƣ¶һŽȻͬ
ɶ񣡡
ɣ
޳ܣ
ð䱱̵ŮȴȫȻ⣬ֻǵŮ˴û뵽ʲôŴѪĸȻô׾ͱȡ
ײħð䱱̾Ϊ˽ڰŴѪֱɱŴѪ书ҪɱҪķһֽţܹô򵥵ľͳһ֣˾ͽȻָˡ
˼ȻƺΪħ̣ôħ̸飬ƺӦ˾ȲŶԣ
˾ͽ΢΢һЦǸԳòŮŤߵԼǰ°һĲ
Ů¶һ޵Цݺ˳ƾ˾ͽһתһɽԼɽˣڿһȺĳ档
ʱ˾ͽֵܹߵɼʵףҲûж֮ˣֻҪԸЭ̶£ôǰҿԼ̣ǰɽɵŵλҲһ㣡
ʵһȺ˵ĲǺ⡣Щ˵˼뱻סˣԴǽǵ飬˾ͽһȫö־µʥǸ¡
ֻҪ绹ŵˣΪԼҪֶ伫ֻʥ̲пԭƷȡ֮
ʥ˶ܵʧ
ںֿµĸҪһֻᰴԼԸµĸҪõĶࡣ
λҶţҪлɱǸţ
ǸԼͳڽбָߣ޼ɵȫȻԼ׶һЩüֵԼͰɱˡ
ĵǸոպáʥ׼ѾãֻҪ֮һ˾ͿԽԭˡ
ҶԼ˼ħ̽ԭҲһ鰡
볰ħ̴еǰæڶȴ˾ͽЦֲҲһ޶ǰ԰˭ҲĪ˵˭ˣ˵ָָһˣϵʿǺǸʲôԯ޵еɵ˳ͻҲ³ˣ
˵˴Ǹ׳ĴҲǵǸԯ޵еۼԣȻϵʿƵǰǵƣϵʿס˼ʮ׻𵯣оҲϳΪʿ
˴Ī˵ҶһˣǻʦҲŭݣǸСأ
Ŀ԰׵ЦŵȻˣСԼŮ˶Ҫˣֻ˵ȴ˱õ嵱УʬҲȫˣԴȴȡ˻λҪ𣿡
ӷ𣬲ˣ˵ҡͷ̾һ󣺡һϵʿҲǰС뷴˵գ죬е̫ң˵Ҳɾ
Χħ̴׶ΣȴֻһһĻϢ
ϹȻûȫ𣬵ҲȫսˡżȫȫᶫҲ֪٣Ҳ֪Ǹʲôŵı֪ȺۣȻֻʣϺСɽɡɽԼ͵ɡ
֣֮Σӣ
ϻϺ̾ǸɵӶƵĳҶһֻ֮ӲͷƤһǰ
㲻ͷҲǲˡ
һǡǱҲǰһ˲ԾĻһ֮ҶЦЦΪҶŵĹѾ˽⣬ĳ׻СҶţ
û뵽ҶľȻ԰ȻĵҴǰĶԻͿԵ֪ħ̽ٺֶҶ·ϣȴҶȺնɱоȻǸҲе鷳飬ɼҶĹ㲻ԼҲ˶١
һվվ˾ͽǰҲǰһֱҽ£ԭɫ԰׵Ǳͯ껣ΪսթΪϲʹһЩĶǻʹ׻𵯴붼Ҫ˹ȥЮ˲١
һһ·˻ôңܵԼ˵Χл֮⣬Ҳѡ·ʯľйأʵǿϾֻǽɣⱱȫӦĹģһ벻Ҳѡ
鰲ͨʹǹһ˵书˵սϳɱõɱ˼ͬʱͳ֮һھʿӲĽżҵ˸ɱɾűӺɱڵĺ·Žһ˾
Щ˵Ĺǿֻ˵˵·ƽ˰ˡ
˲˾ͽΪĸˣ𽭺Ϣ̫ŨԼԴȱ¡
ǸԼҪԼϵŮӣǲһȻǲ˵ģΪڻû塣
˿ǰվŵһֻðٰ㲻ͣһӣһĺֱͯ껻ûüϵ׻𵯵ȼԼеĻͱһϨˡ
ϣ˼
ͯ껼ϨҲżֻǽϵ׻һգȻ̽뻳ֱȡһ־컨ַ˳ȥ
ϧЩ죬ɽֶöֻһǰߣЩһɵǰһ֮ھͺһ˪һžľֱ˵ϡ
ͯ껼Ҳ޹ȻȡһѾֻļһüɤŵЦһ漴ʮʸٶȼ죬ʹ㺮ǿҲסЩʸ
û䣬ʸѷֻһʮʸѾȺʱ˾ѾĺȻţȴҲֹסЩʸЩҲһģԼǰγһƬƬӰЩʸֻҪƾ̾ͻһȻˤڵϺһصƬ
ҪԸ㣬ֻ湦ˣ
Цһߣ㵱һţ
ͯȴ˿ûоܵ裬һ˽ҵļЦֶһƬ׻𵯣ȥɣ
һƬ׻𵯶Ҳɫ䣬ֻһЩðŻǵ׻ȴһƬɫһÿһɫ׻𵯶ǵǣһƬڲԲ䵽֮ûзκ顣
ͯ껺תͷֻҶǽ־ٵǰ˴Լָûлı񻹲һʯӣ
ֻûܹװȥԾʹһ󱩺ȣ㻹˼ȵԼͺˣ
Ҷ̻׼ӦһһתһƮºѩȻվԼǰʦ֣ү㽻ǶԸɣ
û䣬ִֻһϤһԾ룬ϵôٵأӱ㽻Ըɣ
ͬʱءϹ͵Ҳһ֣лвŵľȻصı̣


241 򽣾
ͻ±̴һ⣬ƺˣƳȥ֮Ͳûֱֹͣ˹ǺͻؽԼһء
ˣˣ漴ͻȻðһħ̵ɱ˸ϡﻩѾϹԼɽɵתΣΪ
ͬʱ͵ĹͰȻûܹһؿĹҲ࣬һԹǿһڳûиħ̱̽ɱɾ
ǻŲٹ󣬿ôκṦǿǸͲ׽͵λãȵץ˵ʱѾмɱɱרıһȺ֮ˡ
ûʲôˣͼ״ȽϺõ˼ǰǰ֮ͣȥֻѩûи¼ǺţȻѰ⹬ȴڹת˺һҲûҵ˵ڡ
ڼżѺűߵħˣҲûҪϻֱӳȥһȺһȻ±顣
Ȼת˼ȦѰ˴ڵҶ»ˡ
⡭
ȻֻǴµĽһ£ҶȴҲо棬ͲٴͬʱʮִɵĽ¡ֻ˵Ͳͣǹ⻷˶ˡ
ͳһоûӰӣٳһкֲӰĴ򷨣Ǹ󺺺鰲ͨӲ͵һˣˣȥͼǰ˽ѵ˷ȴܹӳԼʵǺ鰲ͨսһ
ҶҲûмȥԾԣ˵˾䣺ţӦ¿ɲǺħʲôİɣ
ббۿҶģҶ˵ʲô
ϣŪȣ˵ҲӦֱӾǽָһһֱȡͯüڡ
Ҷһݡ˵Լּһǳɣûʲôͣ٣ͯ껻һ﾿˵ʲôأϵֱӳˡ
æһԴҶһͬʱϣǲԳȺôҲȺŹ͵Ϯ
ҶĲмƲƲ죺⻰˽Կ˵ãȴ˵ã
˵Ҳͯ껷ϻ˫һӣȻӼðϽ⻪ڿзֱ˸ԲͺһǯһϮͯࡣ
һֻǰһɽɹȻеŵȴƳҶϽ;ͬʱҲȭͷҲƴȵϽҪͯ껣λܵʱֱԾ𡪡ȴûȥͯ껣ħ̽˾ͽ
Ǹආ㽻Ҷˣ
ȴмҶļлһСආɴҶĽͯ껣Լֱȥ˾ͽȥˡ
Ҿ֪
ڳ˼ͬһʱ˵仰Ҷ֮⣬ħ̽ľٶҲ⣬ֻὫŮһƣȻʹеһӭѪħѪڣȭͷϵľиԳԩ걻䣬޲ëȻ
ʱ˭ûȥעǸ˾ͽƿŮӣŮ˽˼ϣ㡭
ϵԼں˾ͽһʹؿڴͷֻһԼؿǰŮӻعͷͼŭ˫ˮĵԼ
㣡ȥ
һ̴ŮӺĻ꣬ŮӶڵĲˣ̲ͣ֡ѾŴѪʬ壬Ҳ֪ŴѪζӸղſʼһֱעŮˣ˾ͽƵһԣһɱˡ
ѪҰ㱨ˡصŴѪʬԣ仹ûϵ˫۸ϣ̾һҲʱҲûȥοҲʺϼ˶֡
̲ܴϺлȴһֱԿ֣ҶѾͯ껴һʦһֱ֮ӵӷɰܾһս֮ˣ
˵˫ĿԲһŭĿ֮ò´󲽿ͳ嵽ࣺͯȡţӱ𣡡ԳȭվһҶĻͯһҲܸоʦһȭ֮ơ
ƽƽһǳȭȻôֲȭδȭѹѾҶˣòԾܹȥǵҪǰɵļһԭأý䲻ܶʦһȭֻҶ˵ͬʱָǰȴϹⱬһƬ͵Ĵָ籡ɽկȭٶȵǳ
һͯУлǿᣬͯ껲úӦûʦһȭ򵽣ҶһоͿֱӽ
㾰һ֣ͯͷ󺹻æʦﶪںСͬʱתֳذײͣҶĵĽԿ
䣡䣡
ͯͷûأֻǵëܲסٿ׻𵯣ͺ¿ȻҲˣ㵽㡭
κλû˵ֻ꣬һȭͷȻԼؿڴð˳ȭͷϲȾԼѪ΢һ㽹ڡ
⡭ôɡζţϺоȻܹס׻֮һȭԼκתͷ֮󣬼ĵȷǻϺɣͻȻܳ͵Ϯ
ܡ
ʱҶĵĽûþ˵˴ʱһͯһûټͯ껵ơСۡȷ׷žһأֻǸȭͷɻڰյС
ʦһģǲʬȭͷϷɳҶһȥ֮󣬾ͿʬžһײǽϺˤ档
תͷʦǰһƬںڣ˫ȭҲֽ֮ɫ׻𵯵ȷףϺ޺񹦻ԵǱԼϼţǰҪûˡ
ʦ°ɣ
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ʦĻҶҲ֪ȥˣʱǾ֤ٹһϺпܾҪֲסˡʦǴڵسɱ󣬺Ϊһлһʮȭֱ׻ըһһȻµվ޺֮
޺ʹǸˣʦǿҲûΪ޺ôҵĹ£ָѾʲôˡ
Ҷ֣κ¿ɲ˵ľʱ˾ͽͯɫһһƲԳԷƣȻȫǣ
˵һȭһȭоΪͣӲǽҲȵòϺˣȻ˾ͽһԶҪٴγǰȥϵ˾ͽͻȻһȻԾǺ鰲ͨԣ׼λһƾ˹ȥ
ԭͣ⧲ǾҪƣ˹⣬ҲʱСΧʱ˾ͽһ̻ؽӦԣͬʱһתۣⱻ鰲ͨû͵ϮԼ
ֻûϵħ̽ĹȻôǿᣬԼĳͺ̵һ޴ʵһѳѹĳһһ㣬ȴ˿̲˾ͽа֡
˾ͽѪһ֣һŭȻ˾ͽƾӲ˷ĩƬû°㣬һֱڶ֮Ʈɢ͵ϽһͬʱṦϸ߿գܽһйԼ
ȴû뵽˾ͽͲǰץס鰲ͨ򣬵һߣЦһ䣺ɣ޴ǣ
һҶ̺ãǿܣ
תͷв⣬ħ̽ƵˣΪλҪֻܣ
ȴҶĵһ϶˻ըҩ֮ģҪǺ⹬һɵڸϽߣ
ըҩ
һ׻һը
׻𵯵Ҳǲһ¾Ҷĵ˼ħ̼Ȼƾ׻𵯽ĸըȫôҲȫըƺʲôֵ顣
һ̿ʼѰڣڳ˱֮⣬һû˵Ĳƶ֮ˣһ˺ܿͳ˹Թ档
ֻһ棬˵ɫȴѿ
鰲ͨһƥͷ֮ϣǱںڴǹңңĿԼˣͬʱкƣйֲַ࣬·һƬƬâļʸ˶ñ
Цһ£鰲ͨдǹһڣŭһֻҪһǰ̷żǱƻȥ
ȺֵָķӦһȡȺ˵ֻҪƻ֮б񣬽Ѿǹһѵ׻𵯣ԽȺˡ
ߣԸģҲûˣ
һ׻𵯣ԭ˾ͽͬĻͽ⹬ķ浱УȻԼԤϵ룬ҲûʲôǶ˼˰ˡ
ҶĿŶƣתͷܹЩʸ𣿡
⣬ǵ˵ͷЩʸҲǲܣˣĹͻ࣬˼ҵļʸ࣬Ҫʱ򻹿ȥȡһѣĹȴ޾ġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷֻҪ⼸ҶĳȻа취ʰЩ䣡
Ҷ˵ҲͲٻɣΪҶ˵󻰣ΪһȺûκκô
ҶĲһڣѩ֪ԼʦҪʲôˣҶĵ򽣾ѾֻһΣֻ˷˵ҲмǧˣҶҪһ˻ɱôʿƺܡ
Լĵ΢һᣬҶЦֻҪһʮ֮һЩʿȻᾪʧб
սҶֻ֪һƤëԼǵսʤʲôԷɱ˲ŷֳģܶʱһʿתбӶĲҰܣ潻սʱ˲ߡ
֪ԼļȷǴ󣬲ʱҲֻƴһˡ
ʦõֹ֪ҶŵȷЩӣҲͲن£ʹȺп˳⼸һߣĹ־˺һϵ͵ıգڿһɽһ͵һͷ
ļ꣬Ʊնͷҽȴ˫һţͬʱһֻһƬɫĹΪɢԼԼһ˾䡣

Ҷ֪ĸ˵ʲôϡֻеΪԼûʲôáŽɣеΪƽʱҪáҶ⻹ǵһμɽ֮ʹ
ֻɫһɫĹϾͺƳֲٱ滶ԾǱԽԽıԵƳһڣʸὦһм
⡭
ҶĿ˿ɹǿˣԼУԵĸо˺䣬ԼĹһĺӣɼож䡣
תͷҶģƺԼҲΪԵã¿ɲǽʱ̵Ҷʲôֶοʹɣǵʱɲ࣡
һû˾ͽǵȥˣһһʲôʱͻᱬըʣʱɲࡣ
Ȼʧ
漴תͷѩ˵˾䣺ʦãλҪǶ˺У
ѩĽΪȻԼĹŴǿҶһ׼һ򽣾
Щħʿʶʶɽɵľѧ


242 ն
ѩལĽԼڣҶԼЩȻѩһ㽣̾һ͸ߡ
ɶ񣬺һ㣡
һѩҶĺʹ򽣾ʱҶڵ˴룬ԾпտĺܣȻɵľ
ҶӯҪˣʱѩĽǿеļҶľ͸оԼһѾҪƵǻڲͣﴵ
κμȻѾ˾ǾͲѡӱܣҶֻüӽͬʱѩ뽣ٶȡ
ΪԭٶҪҶĹ࣬ʱǲ֪ڼϮѾԽԽСͬʱֱԵıҲٲıߵϡ١
ʱҲеżˣתͷҶģȴɽ˶ѾƲӰͬʱԼɫĳ
⡭
һƼⷬҶҪζԸǧˣЩ価ɱ

֪ҶܲܳɹڼҶľȻ۳ôʱ򣬴Ǹɽϸоһ˲ɺӵѹѹҶģҲҶΧŵϽ
ҶĴʱҲżʱ䵢е̫ˡĹʱᱬըƺҲбļֹıһѡֻȫܱ֤˲ģʱͶˣȫĻԶըĹ
£ֻܽϣҶϣֻҶĴһƴˣʦãĹ
ѩ˵ʲôҶһҲ֪ʱ󲻵ãһҧ㽫ԼʣµĽͽҶڡ
ò˵ڱΣʱܻᱬ˵
ճôལһԵĳҶڣ㲻űҲὫľȫٵ֪Ҷʱ򱬷˾˵;˵ݼɣѩĽһԼУԼ̾ͽЩָȻ󾭹ݵγһ͸ĳҶԣͬʱͣתȡÿһָĵԹҶʹá
ѩ֮Ҷ⻪ֻһգ۵ĹͶʮϽȻһգʮ
Ƭ֮֮СķΧѾϽҶҧŹԶɵͷۺţſ
һ֪ҶѾ׼ϣ̽ſǵɫ̱ʧֻıмɢŵâ
ʧħһӦǴϲȻ뷢һ˵ѣʧֵľ̫ˣٹִʱȻ˿ֻĿɿڴԶɫ
ʱֻǶʹ˺ǰһֶΣŪһɫֽ˻סϵһƬɫ֮󽥽ķɢ˴ʱѾɫϼȻһɫ͸ĳɵġ
˻
㾰ڶħʿֻǺ鰲ͨȴɽɵ򽣾
Ź򣬱ʣΪԼʧҸڣûϵɽɵ򽣾ֲƣ
ϽֻһƣƳǽʱŪıһһЩ񹦷µ״ֻ̬𺮾ܽʵ㾳ģοɽһŪôɵĳŪ춼ǡ
ҵ찡Īǽ·ɣ
ħ̵ʿٶһЩ뷨Ǽ˾ͽԳ֮ʱǵõˣӦ֮λǲſΪǱ߲֪ˣȽҪͣ
ʱҶѾһ۳ϽҶͷϵһգɫնңңָŶʿ䣬ȻٱȴԳǧһ
ķȫֻ۳ô࣡ԸһЩӱӦˣ
Ҷһͬʱʣ๦ʹýԼҲʲôЧֻҪ֤ԼܹɽͿˡ
ʱȴûע⵽һħ̱ⷬŵԼߵҲ̧ͷĳֱ̿ˮɵ˸亹ֹͣѹʦ˼ҽǸҶߣʦ̫Ӣˡ
ʱҶľ˲ЩˣҲԼסԭأ֪ʧʧĵǵȥж˻عһƬɾʲôøˣͺã
ͷһֻһۣҶֻҧӲͦͬʱ״¶
Ȼѣķɽȴʮֻһգ۵Ĺͷ׷ױޱ߽ÿһɽټʮӺòѤãȻһƬ⻪ϰպȻֳ͵ߵĹ˹ȥ
á졭
ָӱ󺰿㣬ĽܹùȥģҶ򽣾һֻƬ⻪һӹ֮л֮ǲ֫ϱɢĵǣδ߰ͣһȥ絽޵һ
⻹꣬Ҷ⼸ٱɽÿһǾۣʱǴһȺӱзɹûܵκ⽣ҲûĶ٣ʱһ֮ڿлһȻֱɱ
ˣ
鰲ֻͨôһͷ漴ϼӵӴȺͽ鰲ͨһûڼ䣬Ѫⶼû㣬ֱһȺɽٴϰգǲǿܹƳһƬӦǺ鰲ͨ
찡·
ɷŭܰ
˹ڵϣ˫ֺʮ˵ʲôƺģֻʱĻ̻˭Ҳᣬһڱֻ˵תͷܣܵ˵ĻᱻһƬɽʳࡣ
Ҷļ״̵ʱ򣬿ߣ
һڣԴһʹͬʱоһƬɽѾԼĿƣҶ֪µԼԦоѧҪ˶һƬɽͻԶɢ
ֻȻɱĻ̶̻ӣֻ󲻹
ȥģӻһ֣
ͷһһƬɽ͵ıӲõĹ⻪پܵħʿҲԽĻͷȥƣǷʲô顣
ү𣿡
˵ţȴһŹ⻪֮ϾȻɫġꡯֻ籩µˮȴһĽֻҪκһǾ³ôһѡ
찡ĳڵϻڿʿ䣬ͷĿһˮͷ£ӳյϼӵϲ˻ں޺;
ҽƿڶȻúԶҲܹЩͬʱһĲ״Լǰţһɫ쳣԰ס
֣ʱɫҲÿҲôһ书һ־ü˲ɥ
һ˴ʱѾԶ˹ƴܵʱѾһ¡˳ʱǰ޾Ľ꣬Ĵըмһ˱Լ˫ȶе㷢ɵӸǱŵֱڵأΧʦֵǰĲܼǰС
ܵһϪˮ˲ͣ˽ţعͷѾĹͬʱǱҶԽ긲ǹ˵ĵطֻһɺԽŵ𣬳˶Դǹӵ⣬λͲɽҲη֮顣
վֱͦǼ涼ȥĵطþòָ⾢Ƹм˿ıмƲͣ
Ҷš
ʲô
˿ɫ԰ףͷ亹Ҷģ˴ܹƽطԭϣҶܹĳһս
һ˽һϺлʦҲüͷһ壬漴չһţӷ𡭡ʱλܹ֪ͨһģıضǻǾӦµĺã
һȭͷЦһʲô룬Ѱ˾ͽɱˣһˣָָԶԼɼӰħʿشȻʿήңʱûǸһɱϼѣ
⻰˵ĵҲû˾ͽ书ߣֲԾӡһｫԼλðڵĺֱӾ͸ˣ췴ģ˭й潭ף
һûɱôպȻ궼ڴ֮Уټߵա
Ҷ룬ڻºѩĲվȥǵ½ĵطǸ˾ͽȻŹʣµˣһоϣȻϾɱڸϹȥܹײ
ⷬ˵ͣҶ֮üҶʲһкĹ˹ЪϢһĳͻĴʦиϹȥ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲ֪ԼǸۣתͷɽսõļԼ͵ǱŸϻȥϢƬԺ㵽
˶ͷͬ⣬ͻһ˼жȥҶĺѩԼҲı̶
ĸƣֵнغãϢ
ȵƬ̣Ҷ΢һʲԴ۵ĺҪѿһʹ콣ʱԼҧԼͷһ£ֱӾͻȥˡ
򽣾ҪӵС
ǰֻ򽣾ĹֱЩӲŷ򽣾ҪʹҪߵĺ񲻽ԼĹ
ѲɻҪûؼ
ʹ΢ʧһ㣬ҶĳһֱԼĦͷĻµ˵ͷȻͬ˹ѩ
ڶı̣λŵʱһʧǵģﻹĵݵӣȻʧȥ˵ѰŮһ޶ûκε
Ҷļ˫۰޹⣬ʱʱԼҲ֪ΰοֻ֮̾Իʹ˸ɫȽɽɵһЩҩλ£ס˵
ĪҪûħ̳Ҫؼҵʱ·ϣ
һУҶֻҪϢָȻȵʱٸǰ˵½Ǵ̲ͺˡ
ƫƫڴʱָͻȻһҽУޱֻԣҶҲԷ֡
û
תͷƵ˾䣺ʲô
ҶָָƺжҹȥƣǶˣ
̹ҶסүոպľĪҪȥˣǿС
ҶĻ˻֣벢ԶǱԷȷ㡣ȹȥʱΪǿ
ڻµģοõģҶתֻתתȴѰڣǡôʱһҽдҶŷһߵɽﾹȻиɽֻǱ̦޺ڵסˣԸղûз֡
Ҷ˽ȥû߶Զͼǰл⴫ͬʱһҽС
һβֻҽˣһҶıȽϤ
ûУ㾿ĥʲôʱϾ磡
Ҷһ֪̾˭ˣңѹûϹԭ
뵽˴ִֻһ쳣Ůǻȴ͸һɭȻ磿ҿ׵ܵˣ˵˴ȻһҽУŮŵҵĺô磬ҵô㣬û뵽
˵˴һ٣ǵЩܵʹ࣬Ҫ㾡һ顭˵գһҽУôǲǺ
̬־ɱң
ʱҶ֪ͣҽе˭ˣȻǶҴӶ޼
ѵǸǶȻˣ


243 
Ҷŵļǰ˵㣬ɽĹʺϲߵһսǴʱҶ΢̽һӣںܺõĲסԼεͬʱ淢һС
վ޼ڵϣ֫ıذ׹ᴩڵ϶ãҴ˿ڴѪⶫҵĴѾһʱˡ
ҿɽǽԣ֮ɫͷһƬѩףüëҲһ޶ϵƸõϿ˺ö൶һ㡣
ı
һС˵ߣȻ²ͣŴĶ޼磬ǴѵĸоΣ
һһҲ΢Ӧ˾ʹУ޼ٴοڣֻһѾǰǰʮ㣬һʱҪ㣺㣬㿴ֵһķϣɴɱҰɡҪĥˡ
ȴһֵܷϣ¶ҵʱĲ˵ֵܵķϣʱ㻹˵ҵֵܣ
һ޼һͨ죬Ҳ֪Ǿ޴ʹǿҵܸ߳в˷Ӧġ
ɽԵĶҲǳ̾һڶĻҲ֪Ӧ
ǽ飬ζû뵽ԼĴӾȻΪʹ˵ĵܵԼķͷλö¶ʱ򣬶ҵĵһӦǲܡѾòвŮһҲĶӣǸԸŴӵĻ
ȴ뵽ԼķӦñͶĶˣҲⷬ
Ҫڶҵǰĥ޼ͬʱҲҪ޼׿ڽԼһж̹׳
ˣ޼ܲʹĥֻڶôָ֮ͽԼһж˵˳ЩĶһ˲ʧȥڴӵһ޻˵
ʹ˷Ź޼޼ĲҺҲһ㲻ͣöҵһʹնĹ⾰λ緢Ķͱģ
ԼȻ˽ԼĴӽıһ˿𣬶ڶӵ֮жһ˲ʧȥе׳־
һ뵽ҵѪϣԼĶܹŹԼĴ磬ǶȴһЦ˵ʱ㻹ƫŴ硭ûнҵĶӣָָԼΪ˭ܵЩʹΪ˭
˵꣬С͵£һĲҽ֮󣬶ĿɿڴĿԼĴһ˲Ϊ޴ʹԼҪ⵽˹ȥͬʱԼĶһ̺ӾʵЩҲһȥ
㡭ʲôӣ
Ƭ֮󣬶ٴαһŭ𣬶ΪֱǴ治ֱԶҵڡ
еСһͷЦƾáҲʼղϻ죬ͬʱĿԼĴΪһ֮ȻȥǺܿ˹ֱӻ˹ȥ
졭
ֶ޼ԵĶҴĺǻֻǶĿ⡣ôƬ̵ĵ󣬶޼һ
ҺҲûκιϵҲҵĸףҲǶʤԺжֻԼĶӣǱɱң
ĿԼӣͻȻԼޱȵʧܡ
ҶΪӡΪ˸
쳤ХһͻȻ͵Լͷһģ£ǰıһһжعƽҵֱͦͦĵȥ
ҶţǲǾĲԣ
ŵµĶԼűߵĶ޼ĿǺһ֮ͻȻڡûתûлͷ˵ֻ֮Ա߰ŵһڵ˿ӡ
ҶĴӹսǴ˳Ŷͷڿڿӣ֪顣
ΪҶĻָáԼǸӱ̬Ķ˺һȴûκعͷ¶һŲˮպȴȵĿҶֻһͬĿԼ
ʲôͬҲŲҪͬ飡
Ъ˹һĴһ󣬵ҶûӦĨȻͷڿӣȵںһ˵Ĵ֮󣬱㽫Լĸ׺ʹʬ嶪˽ȥ׵
㲻׼ǵʬԭ
ҡҡͷҴӴ˺ԼûκιϵԺҲᣡ˵ͻȻĵҶżȻƼɱٻΪβеɱң
Ҷҡҡͷ㣬ܵߵǷǺڰף຦֮޼¶Ӻ˶ɱҲ֮С
Ц£ҿ֣Һ׵ˣ
ҶĲֻҡҡͷȻתҪ뿪ҶӣͻȻһ˦һȵļϸӺϮҶȴƲ֪һƾ˿ԼԻǽ֮УһëװСС
汻еǽڣҶֻǵ˾䣺ҪѰ˵ĵط˶ϱɣҶĳ׼ΪԾĵߡ
ҶĿǿҵһɱ׸ԼƵԼԾ֮ﵽ۷塣ֻڲͣĸԼûҲһԼ¶Ծɡ
£ҸֽԼɱƺǸʶԼܵĽҶʱЩˣû뵽ҶĸͲϳ֣ƳԼֻĳֹһ
㲻ɱңҾɱ㣡
ṦҶֻǸоһ绮ѾԼǰ
ҶɲΪֻǰߣûκηľٶӶ߹ʱǵһ䣺㲻ģ֪㲻ˣ
ҶĴ߹ƹһͨľ׮һֶ˺ðûг֣ȵعͷʱҶվڶ
Ҷ˵ˣ
˵ֱ꣬ӳɽֻĿɿڴĿҶ߳ɽȻתתתûӰӡ
Ҷĳɽֱӻص˸ղϢĵطѩʱѾָ˹ڻµİҲָ˾񣬼˻ƣ󿪿ڵĻҶġ
ҲóˣȺоֻʣôˣҲ֪ʦܲܶԸħͷ
ħͷָȻ˾ͽħ̽Ȼħͷƺš
ȻʱԵüΪ䣬ǱϾǶʮСѾͷһǿŮӣԼҲʶǱ˵ʱ򣬴ʱѾ
Ҷ˵ǣԮĴʦԼţϲٽλҲħ̵Ķ֣
һ𱾴Χħ̣ʱ緢Լ¼˵Ǿֻоޱȵķ̡
ΪЭ£ȻԽͷ¶βħ̸ɵ뵽ħȻʧأʧ

վʰһ¶ʱͻȻתһֻӴת˳֮˵˾䣺һ𣡡
ͻȻ˼һҶ׼⣬Ů˼һʱ˱ѩָơ̸ǳһǰּĳµ˫Ҳ̽
췢Ⱥ񾭱ļһ紵ݶ˷ǳҵķӦҶǳʱվϽϵĴɵģ״̬µܲһ㾪ţ̳Ƕʲײ
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̶Զûʲôӡ󣬵ҲǲִһƳֻ֪ҵĶΪ˲вŮȻͺŮ죬Ǳܾе졣
ͬʱĪû̫õĹ۸УˣòŹȷǿᣬǰһŮӣƵĳģ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷʲҹȥ鿴񶫷һԼ޼
Ҳ
𳤽Ҳȫ𣬶ǰ۵ġ˼ֺøУֻöԷԼһ㶼ǿˡ
ҶҲûнͣʵǰλϣЩ鶼һЩеĳţûҪ˵½֪ĸԾɱԼ˵ȥԲʲô£Ū⻹ûȫĶͻĳΪ˺ĴħͷʱڽһȷѪ꣬ܲˡ
ĪҪ໰¶ˣ
氵䣬Ҳ֪˻ôģûжԣֻǲ˲۽ǻˮ˵һ䣺ҺһȥѰħͷ
һԣҶľ֪˴ʲôˡ
ѾĻŪԼ
εķ˷ۣԵĻºѩԴʺţҶҲûȥӽͣǼӽ˼ֱ߸ȥ
ʱ򣬵ϻвħ̵ĽڵĴеˣҲ֪Ǳ˭һ٣ŤһЩƫƧĵط꣬еãͬʱͳ˵£ҶĵһĶȥ
ǶԷĻ˶ֽȺɱɢͬʱͳһﶨȻᱻɱȻͿȺܱɢӡ
һ·ͣͣҲ˲һ·ϳԵñȽõĶһ˲ûоƣ͡
չ¶ջǽ˴һҶġ
ѹܽжҺͶ޼˶޻֮۷ôǿսˣ䣬¼仹м֣
뵽Ǿ˵ܹɵĵ߱䣬ҶĹŵ߱һɾͻֱȥˣʵڶԲǰ漸չֳǿսԼǳһļ״̬
Ѱ˼ԼҪ书ʲô̶ȲܴνյʱһѾ½Ǹ
ʱһضħ̽ڲͣǰ壬ͬʱʱʱᱬһ󻶺
ԶϣһվڴͷһȻ֮˵ź棬ǱһĽΧڵеһˡ
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Ҷãʱһ¾վڴͷ͵ħ̽˾ͽһȻŴħ̽ǰΧʣˡ
ͻʦȻԮʱס˾ƣ˾ͽһֻվڴϲͣԼȥֻŵһСȺˡ
ҪҶľǣ˾ͽȻһ֣һȺֳ׻𵯵ʿͻȻ嵽ǰ棬Ѿȼ׻Ⱥӡ
ȥ
ϺкӦԷֻҪܹ׻𵯵ıըΧͬʱǿĸվԼ׻𵯴ɻȥ¡׻𵯵ɱ˷ΧҲûʲôƬ֮ƣ⿿ȡʤϵʿǱԯ޵пӺˣҲôҡ
һȺʱӦԵĹοɽһȺҲǳصģɱǶԸһȺආ
һȺ״߽һȺ紩󡪡λ칫ṦǿᣬרЩͳɱҪôŹǶȥһֻ֣һ׻𵯣ȺоһƬӰⱬֻ֮һʬ
˾ͽڴȴ⣬ֻյĿǰƾ书ɱ˶ˣҪ˰ʱһĶʱ򻹲Ҫɱ
ֳ棬˾ͽԽᶨԼԺ·길׸ʥʼԳ±ǽϢ̫أѾеĽϴ˸ɾ¶˾ͽУ
κͰڵƤͻȻһҫ۵ɫ⻪ԳԼɫ⻪ɭȻǽòԼվĴͷܡ
ɣ˾ͽ
һֻ֮ǿֲϹ⾹Ȼ͵һ㱬ޱ߽ԼһҲĽ˵С


244 غ
ɫһ̧ͷһƣɫɫ˽ǽ
˾ͽҲɫ䣬ҶһеƸе̾
ߣ
̾龪̾˾ͽȴҶܵΪʵǴ˼㣬˵ԼĹ֮ǿᣬֻƾЩ䶼Խλɽ
ϵԼҪͻȻһӰѸײڶ֮Ƴ嵽Լ漴ԼһͣѨһ飬ϸţëȴޱȵľ뵽ԼС
ʲô
ţ͸оԼֱ۶ԶԼȻ˴Ӻסá
ģ
ѪħľͣǸԼ΢ʱסԼҪѨţë·ԼľһԼγͻǲǿȻ𾢶ԽԼѪħ
ȥ˾ͽֻĿԼޱ߽ûǡ
ʲô֣
Ҷĵ콣ǷΧֻҪеĻͷֲңοѸҶһƬԲžһҺ䣬Լ׼ĵǸλôܻƵÿһľ
ÿʹһУǿ׼һƬΧﲻԼ˲Ż֣һεͬ
ԾϴͷҶĽһʹ˳һʹ󣬱ԼҲûУֻ콣籡ͬʱһۺɫӰ͵˽ֵķΧ֮УȻ˾ͽעҶϵʱתԼסж㣬Ӻ潫˾ͽסԶܡ

ѸޱȵӰȻǶʱһ˾ͽסͬʱһȻ𾢲ͣ˾ͽϵѪħ
ֻҪһֱ״̬ô˾ͽͺһȺױһ޷мҶĵЩ
Ҷġͷ˾ͽ΢΢̽һ㣬ǿܼҶģ𾪵ıͻȻ¶һĵЦ
һ룬һٶʿ䡢˾ͽԼ˾ͽסĶûޱߵɫУݺȥֻ֮䣬һٶ㻯һصĲ֫ϱۣͷֲ˭˭
ɢȥ֮Ψһվڳеıֻ˾ͽĶˡ
ʱ˾ͽ޷ţͬʱԼֶıϣʺأԻѪ˿ڸˣʹٲģʱҲֻܽʵ
ϵ˿ڸǶĲѪħĻ㹻Եصչ˵˾ͽԻᱻࡣ
ɼˣҲ˵˿ڣиһؿڴҴ͸壬ĶҲ˸Դ
ͨͨ
˷ֱһǰһĵԭأҶļ״ֱԾ˹ȥ
˵ʵζû뵽ԼһҪħ̽ǶԼķʽһ㡣ͬʱҲɹʹҶһɱ֡
̽¶ıϢҶķֶ⣬ϢȻ΢ǻ޵һЩͬʱҲԼܹоĵ
ϣȻ˾ͽڵסལвٽֱ˶ǷۺɫȹѾãͬʱͷȡҪڲͣѪֹסƬ̼Ҫ
ྡྷڶһģҶĽͽڣȽЩѪľѨסȻֳ¼˿ڰϡ
ʲǺ˵Ȼ춯ħ̽ڸ˹ȴûһ˸ҿǰһصĶ֫õǵѪǣǲСĵĻԼҲΪһ֡
򵥵Ĵһ£Ҷ̧ͷ˿Ⱥʿ䣬ȻͷǸĿħ̽һӣһɫ䲱һǿͷ­ɴıҶĸ
һ¾ħ̽ɫ䣬˸Ǿ
һ仰ֲһȫһȺħ̽һãȻʧС
Ҷȴùǣ˾ͽͷУȻڶӽҶ߻شͷֱԾ£˳ƻǿͷ˳ȥȵħ̽˾ͽѾͷڴˣ
һƽľףΧ˵ħʿ󻩣ָӽٰٰҲûֹܽס
οһգ֮Ҷľͽ˾ͽͷһ¾ЩҲ֪ǺˣǿϤͷ­ķŴ
ҵĹҶݵ˵Уҿ˿Ȼ˴ˣȴû˭ܵˣֻΪһֱսƺе㲻á
ҶƣѰĺ̵ħ̽⵱ǸϽϴ󴬣ֱӳطԭ
ͻʦͷӦǣʱ˭Ҳ˵ħ̽ǻһȺСħͷûƨˣЩԾǾˣͲӦԸο˵ֻҪڵƬ̺Ⱥʿ佫ٻع̾ܰ
ʱûȥҶɱ˾ͽҲû˼ȥʶˡ
ϵһ֮ͺĿǰӵҹǿ˳ǰ棬ʿҵʱӲɱһ·
ϺлںϺ󣬲Լ޺岻ͣмܴӺİ׷Ϻеİ׺¶һƬͨɫŵҲһѪ£һȭһȭɲͣĺˣ޺ڽħʱ򲢲Ϊǰʴȡ
ɽһȦӣƽΪءͬʱõ˻˵УҶĴʱһϢĶҲڵУֻʱʱΣˣԽ
һȺۼһһɱֻƾЩͨʿ仹סοʱħ̱ңڵ֪Ѷ֮ʱҲ֪ԴӦⶼƬ̡
ȵǻعʶӦȽȺһŪʱһȺѾŵĴ󴬣ʻ˰ߡ
սȥ׷
һְλϸߵĽŽŵĴսȴûĿˣΨһľֻͬͣڰߣʲŽսȥսȴٳٲӦɲ֪⴬ϵʲżҶɱ˾ͽĿֲʱûعأ
οǽԼȥ׷һɷǣǻû
ôһȺ۵ĴѾٶȣʱ׷Ѿϼѣڴ뷢һһӴܵĴǺѵģٶȲ£Ҫ׷ϼǲܵ顣
ֱʱ˴󴬵˲볤һкþõҲ̾ƾٸߣһͽͣ
Ϊħ̵ĶԾֻǽֶԾȴû뵽ħ̾ȻսӦˡ
ʦ̾˾ͽ游Ҫǿ࣡
˾ͽ书ԱȲ丸˾ͽ游Χ£һӲֲ·磬˾ͽĹҲǺࡣȻĹѾܸˣҲûﵽ˾ͽ游ĳ̶ȡҪ˵ˣֻѾյľŽᲢۡ
˾ͽȴԼ־ڽ棬Լ游һӦȶ·ӣȻȳȺνɵѡûдǵ·ʽȴش
˾ͽ£ħ̷˷츲صı仯սķʽԸһȺЩһ˵Ⱦµ֮ϡͬʱִʲôĵ̾ͻʹ׻֮ǿ˵ԼʿΧˡ
ĵˣĿ¡ѾҶ
Ҷɱ˾ͽģ
ҶĴʱڲ鿴ƣɻԲѣֻǿˮһȥ
ȻŽҩŶϵһ˿ڷ˵˷޽ӽŮӣ޽ӽʲô̶ȣԼҲֻͿǵȷŮû
عͷʲŷԼ˵һλҲǴΪȣΪǶû뵽Ȼ־ϣԸԼɱħ̽Ҷʡȴ˶֮һ֡
ӷƱһĳħԲҶŵĽ֮סҵӦκòǣ
˵ıҲǼΪͬ
ǽҶΪˬıǣӵҪһЩҩ֮󣬾Ҷ±㽻ҶȥˣҶŶȻܹ׵Ǿ֮
ʲô˼쵰һﾹȻת͵ʲô鶼ûзһҶĺ޲ýϵĴ󻹵Լɽѩ˪ҵ˵ĺϡ
κһ뵽һɲ˺ȫǳԼ֣ǲԼĹҲòһֻ֮ʵʵı𶫷˴աڳ˶֪Ůǿû˸֤һ¶״
˺һҶĲ³ǰֻɫŹ֣Ҳ΢е죬ڲԣû˲
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ˡҶһ漴˻֣Ӧ£
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ʱҶʱƼĽˣ֮ƣһЩƤѾָҲӰǰ۵ļϾûܹκһ
Լ鿴һ¶ʤھҶķַмǿԣԼһ̽ȥͻǿҵų⣬ֻ÷Լ뷨ֻǽʤٺñաڶ״̬ȲҪչҲҪֻҪÿһۿϢдͿɡ
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ԴˣʦǸмŵڵҲҶʩлʱҶĲ֪ǰɮȫ޺õģҶκˣȻЩɮΪм
˿ˣʱܣݵģӸǱħ̴ıͷǱӵɥȮ
ħ̣Ǳıͷ𣿡
ɽʧأֻħ̹ͽƫƫͽɽɵĸ߶սĸʧһҪ飬οһ¾
ҪɽɻָԪҪȥӪһС
ʧǱȽģֻͨˣλĸȻƲᣬס
ɼˣʦҲ˽Ҷ͸¶һ˵Ϣ˷ȥԭ֮󣬱ھҪرɽţʮꡣʮڽٹе顣
ǺιʣҶȻ˴𰸣ȴںαѡô˵Ĵʽ
ʦֻǵѾС񷬴սҲǴԪ
˵˴ȴǲ˵ˣҶ˹ʦȻסδսҲԪˣָҪԲţǻʦҲǲࡣһ¾ʧȥ⼸ͷһεĻ⵽ѡһʱ˳֣רһ֣ʮڴԾ
ʦҶĲ֪йؼֻмҪ鷳Ҷţ
ʦ˵
»˵޷𷨣رšһţӵڡ
Ҷˣڴ˷ʧأˣҲ˺⡣ƫƫߣһЩҵҲ׵У¾ޣԻʦɽӦһúѵν֮С˵˱ˡ
ϸ룬ҲûʲôףҶıֱӦοֱӺڴϸĹϵĴɣҲָܺܿʱָʵڿ϶ɽɽãƽ׵һѣûκɲӦ
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245 ͷ
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ʦ֣
ҶĴӶķλԽԽãȻѲѾԽԽȶϵ˺ѾָֻҪ˻һӡ˶Ҳʧ
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±͵߸ͻҲˣʬҲ
Ҷĳڵǵ׼Լ״ȥѾ൱˵ˡ
ҶһʼʱڵӻסƾԼһ֮ǿɱûеǳΪԷִƬƬĵݡ
ͬʱҶĽһϰԽʽˣҲɽɱɽ˶ڻսȥģԵĶԼħ̱䡣
ԭһŻɽȫˣסĹǸɣҲɽڽһʱֵĸ
صԭ뱾ɱȼֻɽˡ
ѩҲǴˣȺӣҲʶ˲׻˵ǹͷľַش֮һζʧأɽҲֻ֣ʣһ˳ų档
صԭ֮ɽܺúôĻ»ᱻϵƣǶںòɽ˵Ǿ޴ѡ
ʦǱ紵Щҵķ˿ãҶЦЦõģʲô鷳ġ
ʦԼ˵ĻҶһΰԼԼɽɡ
Ϻеʱ˵һ仰Ҫֱ֣һħ̡Ҷ׹ҪԵĵ˲ԪˡָĸŸɣǶԽΪɵĳ͢
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˵ɽλȥȻǣҲܽиŸϿɽΪףΨһĽ;ɽĽڳٵĵӣʵյ״Ԫɡ
ɽ볯֮͢ϵԼҶ˲ǻʦѡɽɵԭ
ڽҶ෬չڣҲǱĽ˱ɽɳڰѳֵȦӵС
Щ鶼һһϦֻ֮꣬Ҫȥļ±ԣҲҪȥЩʲô˾Ǻͻʵ֮Ҫϵ˭벻ʵҲɽɵĵӡ
صʱĺۣ󴬲һںƽ¶һӰϳӾһȻСеܻȥˡ
ȵҶĵ˿̤ѾΥصʱΧѾΧһȺˡ
һƣЩڵĵʿڵĺСҲɵˣ·Ҳ廨ʲôɵĶƼԶвٽˣһֱȴѶϢ
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ҡڡᾹȻӰ̧ͷٿϹңϹҲӰӣϹǱ۾Ϲһֻֻһˣ߾һܱҲûм
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ΪʹﵽͻƵľ磬Ϊ˵ڹʼһα仯
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Ůɫˢ׵ĺȻѾ̧ĶȻ֪Ǻˡ
Ҷ⸱ܴģҲ֪Ͷʲôϵγƺ
ңŮ㶵ĳҶģԻûع񣬼ҶҲͲˣֻһ䣺˵ɡתɽǲֱӻɽ
ʱһŮͻȻȺ𣬽ϵģÿÿÿԼ˷ԶʱϹľʹȺɱһѪ·˽һƼޱ״Ϲ
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ܶҶͻȻһɣ⼸µľʵ㲻ʱϤеһ㿪ģ˻ؼҵĸо
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ʱҶĲ֪ԭǳΧħ̵ͬʱħҲûţݸضͻȻðѾм·ѾֱɽŶȥһǼƾҪ̵ʱ佫Щ
Ҷ˴ɫͱѿںҲ⵽ɸ񣬵ڶ࣬ӲĶס˽ݸЩѾ֮Σ
Ȼأ
ܶɽ̫Զûܵ⣬ɼȫ𡢱ʧأҲǿǿסڲԶˮʦӪˮʦϵ⵽֮ǰȥˮʦԮŶһ٣
˵ɽɣʵҶҲżܶܵ⣬֤ʧ
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̫ү˵ΪԳ͢߾ƽѣǡײһ·Ѿ
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һʶʲô
ֻҪ˵˭ܲɽ˭Ҳû˵ʲôϺлģƺͲµɵȻ֮״Ͳ˵ˡ
ϺߵһǰȺʿʱһҰ֮ɫмˮͬʱͷǸʿʿǸˡ
ߵǰ´һ˿װ󿪿ڵʦѾ֮λ㣿
ʦ֮ǰ㽫֮λ˵ӣʿʱȻԱݣ˵ӦԼȴɲ״ɼȷǸ
ĵ˵ͷԺҪ֧ˣѴȥƽѰɽҶţ
ʿ֪ǰָԼԵͷлҶһãһϵԼ׶༪٣Ȼڳǰ֮λȥˡǴżƽҲͷӵһͷȷӰ˲ܹܽȥ
ʱͷϵıɢһֵҲɢȥƽ˶͸ͬŻһ¾׼ԼʦţҶҲһʰһ׼ʱ˹ҶĵҶĪҪ֮Լ
Ҷĵ˵ͷȻǵãȻһɽӽԶ


246 ±仯
ӺѾ࣬ǻصɽ֮ҲѾ˰¡ҶʱûʲôյľΪ˻ָͬʱӦͻȻǵĹ
һȻɲ⣬ȴɲܾ
ҶһѾǿᵽ൱磬Դһ֮Ҷÿ춼뷽跨Ӧ״̬
ϧսϲͣҶֻǿӦʮ֮ߵĹ
ҶյĹʱ˵ǵõʮֹôԼĹָڴĹǶʮֹľȴܲסô࣬ƫĵﾭս϶ҶĵĹ޾ǶʮʹʱҶǹĿ಻ԣ춼þʹ
µĵҶڰʹ࣬ͬʱҲԼľӦһǿĹʱĲĵ;ҲڲϵֻķҶĽȻͬҶĻʧϾǰ׵ھôǺˣҶҲΪ⡣
뵽Ҷľͺ̷ŵرһǳܲסǾ³һϵȵŵرʹ͵ҲʹӦʱ䡣
һ־ͬʱҲ徭ǿȣⶼǶıҶľǳһ֣
Ǳǹȴ֣ǳ˴ҩ
֮Ҳд󶾣ҶͻȻӿҳԣ𵱳Լץʲôʲôľٶ֪η
ӺȪվҶһԾԾ˺ȪǽúԼ徭ʱԾϣǱȪˮ˳ԼԽ׳ʣҶľ;û̩
ϰܻ᲻ֻͣǰмޣȴ֪ҵļ޾ģ
ľͰۣҶĵܹϵıǿôԼڹҲߵľ磬Žɣͷѹ٣жȴ˿̬Ծ˶ҪѸ࣬ɼǿȴﵽһ൱ߵĲΡ
ھֻһӣҶĿԶСԼȭ紵ĻΣҲǼΪ⣺ǿȣҲǵˣ
˹ɣҶĽֱ֮ӳɽЩɽɵ˶֪ںɽչأҲȵҶҲƣֱӳ˾ȣԾɽ£ȻƮƮڵϡ
ƾṦԺľģָĸɽϾʲô
˼ţȻԼµĹѾ״ȻصԼԺ˿ŬѩԼһԾŵĻ£һӾôֹȥˡ
ɽЩʱʮƽͬʱŸҲԼɽţר־ϣЩõĵָʵ
ŵı̻ȥڼ仹ʱȥżҰݷһ¡ʧȥ˼Լ־ӵżֱħ̵ıһȻûţȴҲԪˣӹѻָԭ硣
ƺкϲ˼żʣµĵӾ뱱ţڱŴѪδ֮Ծ֮ҵĺϲƺѾǲ赲֮ơ
ҶĶԴ˲ģֻ£ҪǺϲһ𣬵Ҳܹ⳹״ӽʧΣ֣Ҳһ¡ͬʱ̿ҲҪŴѪԼ飬뱣סѾż塣
ϹҵҪһ㣬ϹȻսǳϹȴϧǣϹΪأȻһȴѴϹұƾϹΪϹȴͬ⣬ִ⸨Ϲλ
ԭڼϲϡ²ȥλΪεϹƾʹ˳ΪϹһμͬʱϹȫϹ»ھ
ͬʱϹѾصϹҰԼҼˣƽѾͷʲô飬ҲҶǡ
ȥɣɽѧҲѧˣպ·ҪԼˣ
һͽܳʦ뿪ʦţҶҲвᣬͽܵ뿪ʦȥԼһƬأҶĶƽ뿪Ǳֵ֧̬ȡοƽ뿪ɽԺҲԾֲǱʦˡ
ƽȥϹȥϹȻҲȥϹң˵Ϲס˾ƾͻصɽѾ˵Ϲ֪Լڼ嵱лôΣûʦɽ뷨
˼ˣҶܾ࣬²ҪͬʱʼԼѧϰδдС£һԼѧľֻʣ˹һ˶ѡ
ңʲףңʲôһѧͻᣬָ㶼ʡˣСӸҪԼġ
ҲҪԼ⣬ֻйʱʱʡҲʵ٣öࡣ
ҶһӾȻյĴԼԺӻߺɽһΡ
ǳɹĸо𣿡һˮʯͷϵҶһ߿羰һ߶š
ǰЩգǸԼһ󴬵ܵɽݻԼЦĶƲ۾ӣԼһŽĹٳĳ˾޴תҶҲûʣֻǺλˡ˵˼仰ѣڼһû˵ٳϵ飬һ䶼ûĽ֡
ҲʶȤҶĲԣ֪λɽŲ̸Щ飬λˡ򵥵˵һЩһЩҶ˿ԼһЩɵ֮ֱ֮ɽȥˡ
ҶҲ˿һЩ͢Ķ
Ȼڸݱ֮󣬳͢ķӦǳ죬ڵһʱ˷Ӧ̬Ӱ͵ĳ̶ϡ
ֻƽݱ桢Լһ֧̾ȽǿѾһЩҪҼڵһʱͱˣֻһЩƫԶطѾʵǿᣬĿǰͳ͢ڶŽ׶Ρ
ʦȥ󶨽ħ̳߲㾡ȥϢ˳͢ô⼸֧ѾƻΪͳΪսҲᱬҷ㳯ֶ֮͢
ϡħ̺Ǹһ⼸֧һءñʿͳ˧
ʵҶĻ¶ˣħ⼸·ȻͳǶһ·Ľ컹Ϊأڳ͢Χ£ȺʶôһɢɳȥĻֻܻᱻ˽ԸɴͷΪͳ˧ָ·
ȵ͢¹ģħһħͷѾɱ֮һȺ˸ֱӷΪ½ɽͷΪۡ
Գһʼȡ˷ǳ͹۵սһʱ䳯͢Ѿ뵽˶ŵУһ·ĴӪԲڳ͢ϽΧڣȻڼ֮أƽݱ߾ֻܱѡءʹ޷ѡ
ЩҶһʱ½½ģʱŸѾָһԪͬʱħ֮սɵĺӰ˵Ĳˡ
ڹȻʦԣǰʽ²ʮ꣬ʱˡӴ
ϢһȺ۴󾪣
ΪΪеĻ㱣սڣӦļʮ꿸죬ϵȺֱӲˣ˶ȺеΪͷԡ
һ˴˽ƽһְڵûѡɽ֮ΪҲɢĵӸ˻ɼҵڵҲǨɽŸӡ
ս˶ڽʮԱΪҲǰʮеķٹְڳ͢ĵҲл࣬͢Ҳ˳һȺɵӡȻٲɽɡ
ڵⷬñ˲ףҶȴͨ͸óɽɽãȻ˼ԼһӣɽȻҲҪӦ
ҶĽԼĴǰڹƽ̼ΣԼΪϵԼĿǰȽеݣûгϯҪȥˣ˭ˣƶˣ˵ķͷǣ
᲻Ե̫ţҶױдһţ˿˺Ͳ⡪ֻҪ˲⣬ҶĿɲں
⣬ɵȽңȥŽ֮⣬ħȻҴ󳱵ʱ⵽˻ԵĴ
ɲдĵЩӺĵΪؽɽŶŬҶʱҲǰ˲æң˳ȥСӰ氮֣ħ̸ҲñˣҲ˲١
ֻʱ˾Ȼ࣬ɶԼؽɽŵңǸмԺ÷ò˵дΪ⼸µȥ⾡˻
ԴӳܾòԾž̹ࡣ
һԲҶľһҶҲȥˣֻҪʦŶ˾ɡ
ҶľȵᣬȻˡٻү¼֪Ҳûãⶫ˳ǲٻˡ뵽һ㣬ҶĲŽһɽλһԼ̴ɱ䣿
ӷҲ˺ôһ׮£ٺҶװģһǸɽһͬɽŮӡ
ҽɣС밢ʤһͬ󣬱£
Ҷ֪ŮӾȻǶδӣ¶ӡҶһ뵽ȻҲһ졣
ԭĹҶĳ׼ȥɽ
ҺһͬȥҶû˵꣬ɾͼڲ廰ͬʱɻԲѵĶҪչ
ҶĿ˿ŮӣĹĶҲһɽ·Ҳ֪ŮǽݴӥצŵĴС㡣
ϣѹô־
С㽫Լҡֱۣԭӥצġ
Ҷ˵ҲһѣȻλСôĶǱ߽չ˶ˡ
ֳֻ
ҶĽչ˶ͻȻպ죬˾䣺ŮܲףҶܽЩֻ˵ô˵϶ȴֱӽˮ谡ë֮̽˹ȥ
ҲͰˣƫҶӳ˵һ䣺ºŮ죬ȻЩȽϺʡ
˵Щͼ˫ĿͣȻĵľͽ˶ķ䣬ȵҶĳ԰Ųźò׵õʱʱʧǵ˽
ıŮӡ
һģ֪䶨Ȼķǳ֮ϸҶļȲûлش𣬶Ҳ֪Ӧΰο
ŮԶԶ飬Ϊµֻϵ⣬Լܹ䵼;ҲͶҵⲻ˵йϵļҶΪ̬
ۼ֮󣬲֪ҶĵԲ飬ⶫѾŮһԽԽľȻǻʲôҲ֪ˣԺһУȻԺ˳
ںȲҶģʲôҲû˵ֱҶ˾䣺Ѿˣ㻹Ҫȥɽ𣿡
ʱ˲Ÿճɸı⵹Ҳûʲô˵ġҪǣҶľóŶûѹһдøãЩ飬ƶһشĴ
˰ΣԲ˳ȥҶıʵгεŮѡȴϵڶճʱɳǰȻᶨĵҺȥɽ
ɽ϶һˣһԱ


247 
һʮ죻
ĸ»Ҫʮʱﶫͺһֲһڴ϶Ҳƽ͡ҲǼΪԲҸĴҲֻһۺͻһ䣺Ѿˣʰʰ˰ɡ
ɽȴ֪λûҺпڱ޷ĵط˸е𾪵ı仯ȵ֮Ҳнһ֣ΨһҶͷ۵λΪܴǸǻʵ˵塣
ڴ֮ҶԼɽԺӦЩʲô
ħȻûо𣬵ʣµƺѾûʲôϵˣǸ˵СͽԼͷȥɣ
ɽҲѾ죬ʵѾˣϵҲѾֻͣҪϵµӣȻ󽫳ʦĵӷɽȥάһѭôͿɽһֱչȥ
ʹѾչȶĴǿɽάģеһЩСҲܿܳΪɽԺҪĵԴ
ʵϣҲѾʼһЩԼǻ͵ɽ뿴ܲԼĺӰɽɡ
ϧЩӵʶ㲻ϺãҶıڴƣЩڵֻһ㣬㽫սû״ӡ⻹ǿں껹СչռЩʮʮݽɽɵҪǿһЩľ
ˣҲѾЩĸĸϲҶıףȵĳһĸĵ״ΪʲôЩ˻⽫͵ɽ
ɽɲϰ䣬Ҫǻ˶ʶ֡ɽɿǳ״ԪɵɣЩҵûǮúȥʲôԺԾѰ˼͵ɽѧʲôǿգдôҲԼĺһԺȥ˷Ҳá
ҶʱԼΪɽɵ˼ģֻƺҲ⸸ĸĻ֮ͻȻ̵㶫ԺЩŵһ·ϲܳãҲԿļҡ
뷨⼸һֱҶԴֻֻһŵͷûȫãŪרѧУģ
˵̵һЩдһЩǳҽ֪ʶǵûкô
˶ѹҶ΢Ļ΢΢ͷ¶Ŵ˺εүúñЩūҲǺܶأ
ϵû˵꣬ӱʹһĴȻϮҪλĻŵİһ£ȻǶҪγˮ˫ֵƳһҶġ
ǰôҲһϣЩͲõ𣿡
޹ҡҡͷǺܶأְҲɣöطͬ
ҶҲֻ̾˿ɷһƬԼѵϵ˳ƻ˻µıһ߸ǻĴһͣ˺󱳵λϡ
ŵĻ½ҶѾ޷ֱ˴˵Ķ˼ҪΪһ塣
ԴҶ뻪εĹϵһ˵Ĺ洦֮Ҷĵûʲôôˣ龰ÿ춼ݣòװ˺֮ҶĺܹƤůڻҸʱ⡣
ʱҶĽһںϼ֮ÿ춼ҡĻ¸ǵ࣬һĹľ磬ͬʱһҲԽľƤøˮۣƵҶԿɲԴмˮ
ڶڶԴl֮µڣһоУսٻغϼ޷ģΨһҶźǻȻٰӭϣЩǳҪԵ黹ûеóѹ
ȵͷ˴ӴҶĴ·ĻͻȻүͷ˵Ļ¡
šѾ׼ĲˣҶĵ˵ͷЩʦǹԼΪ֮ҶĿʼ׼˵Ĵ֮¡
ѩ׻ŮӣۣҶæȢԼ飬ʵڲùȥ֣ɬѵɴˡ
ЩҲͻʱʱѩҶԶԶ鵽һۣȻʦþͻ˾һ˲ͲӰ
ܶΣ鶼Ѿ׵ֻȵõļյԳɻˡ
һ죬Ҳȴõʱա
󻹲䵽ҵˣ뵽⴦ҶĲЦ˼ԵĻƼ˵˾䣺ү뻵ˣЦĺаأ
ٺ١
ɽŴķѾ˳ȥŸɶȺɳ˵ǰء˵ҶĵЩɵǰϲҲӦκֵ֮͢ѾսȻռһƣҪڶʱƽһģӴңҲһ׵顣
ǰЩոŸɶʧأô̵ʱͲЩ˽ֻ꣬ϺͬʱһױűʾǸ⡣
ҶҲΪ⣬ԼЩͬûʲôϵȻ㹻ˡһĺʢƵأԼҲ̹
ѩ᲻˶죬룬ԼʦҲˣ콫½ԼѾʦõô꣬ܲΪʲôЩ̫࣬Ļ̫ôŵһɣ
ԣµھôȷ
ҶĻһ𣬸ɴʦֵһ飬Ҳ֡κƺֵ˿ûȤֻ˵˾䣺ɲɻҺѾˣ罫ҵӣҲҵ๫ӣ
øߵľ磬ʦ磡
۵ҶѣܾòԼʦһʵ̫ԲһֱԼߵŮˣⳡǱҪġ
ʱ䣬ƽϹҲɽ˽Ϲҵȶٵ֪ŽҪϢʱʰ˶ɽϡոպõֻҶĴ֮󻹽뿪صϹҡϹ²ȶãϹϹƶûиֻš
ϹҲһλͲ뿪ˣϹȻãѾȶͬʱ׵Ҳ˸߰˰ˣ۾Ϲһֻ⣬ϹҲˣ㻹·ԺҲһȳһյģʱҪЭ
ӣչԼ׵ģϹֻЦŵһʲôΪԺҲ˶ˣֻרİִеһЩ£òŵĵģȻ㽫Ϲ͸ϻɽúѧգýԼʦһ似վѧȫ
Ǽ˻صɽɵͬʱڡڡɵҲ̵׷ЮһЩƷǰء
ڡǿĴڣɵʵǲáȻҶңָɽţҲֻǽɽǿ׵ˣе˲أֻ¶ʮ˳ų档
ĹģɣԭĽλԶû⣬ڽϵĵλһǧΪһͨĵɡ
ĻԺȫר־޵Ὥеķɵĵܹʶһ㣬δһᡣȻɵĵִҪѰڽϵٹ⣬ôɾ³
Ҷĵ̸ʱҲ̽ѯЩ˵뷨ҶĻЩ˳徢ʮ㣬ƺɣָɵٹһɡ
ˣรǣֻҪⲻҪűã
ԼԤķչҶҲûȥָԷ˼ҵļ£ԼǰŽãеĴЩ飬ҲܽôֻҪסɵĴУô˳ŵ
ᵹûǰأٻսү֪Ѿѳ˺üᣬųԼͳһæ棬ȻûҶߡ
ɵ״Ҷֻ΢Ƭ̺Ȼ˵һ䣺˵Ҳðɣ
Ȼ仰ѾͷʾǿҵĲɲ֪Ѿʲô̶ȣΪȶˣ֪һк󶨻ȥúýѵЩڵ߰ļһأ
ԴҶû˵ʲôֻһЦ㲻ٶԡ
ɾһ䣺ҶšðʤŮģ
˻һҶЩڵĲˮȥεĵһ䣺ǰϸܹԲŻá
ͷĺ֮ɫҶŵֻ˵ԽԽӽŮӣȵɱŮ졭ʤԻûɣҶ֪ʤʲôӣ˵ͻȻ֮ɫָҶľеѵ㿴ˡ
Ҷ΢һǲ豭Щ֮סÿҶķӦ죬̾ͽϵĲ豭סȻװһûκ״ӽ豭ŵһԣ
һҶӣ֪̾˴𰸣ôѵ㲻áá˵ǲƵ𣿡
˵ŮӵôƣκζǸʤʼûȫܶʤŮһʵ˵ζֻⷬñ㡣
Ҷļ˼ѾƳֻεĵʱߺߡˣ˿ڣϽҩ̾͵ѪԱ˾͡
ȻҶΪ˾˲ſЩӦÿĶɻǾе氢ʤеߣϺһƬɲģԽиŮʤҩΪҪԼ֡Īǡ
Īðһ䣬Ҷֻоƣֻ֪ԽԽӽŮӣ񾿾ǸʲôģиŮҩһ⿪ǸŮģãĳ죬ǿǺã
ƵɣֻƾεŮҶĵ˼ŮҲΪת˲ͨҶĵ˵Ρ
׼ʱʱ򣬽иҩǱȽϱ׵ˣֻҶ뵽ʱʦǾ仰ԼͷԼ˵Ƿ֮󣬾ܾòԾ䣬йĥܷס̨һƬҪҶţϣҶܹĪҪΪĽѾˡ
ȥô÷úõĻ⻯⣿ҶĺָűϺоͻ鷳κҲöסƺǴĲʣ϶治ûϺӣֻŲ콫еĻ̻˶
˼䣬Խ˵ԽΣڿҶĵͺԼűռ˴ûʲô𣬽ҶǱŤ
ôŮ˻ûкĴһҶ˵˼仰֮ȥˡ
ʱ´չүĺŮһˣҲǣ
ҶƼԼŮһֻĵ˵ͷ
⹦ô棿°ҶĵĲˮһ̾ΪǷŮͬˣû뵽Ȼô书ԽԽƯҪˡ׷ƺŮӵԣ
ҶƳһۣ̾˿ҪȥɽתתֻҪɢɢĵڽȺ̱֮ǰľ󾪵ʹš
ۡ


248 Ǻ
Ҷһɽڣ͸оһϮǰûйҶĺǾ
ǰһߣ磬ڣǺȪȪˮǲðҪԭ˽Կɽһɣ÷
͸ʵҶԼܹƼһâҫĿֻһƴλãҶ̾׹󾿾ôˡ
ˣ
ҶŹǿ˵ˣȻ䣬ˮɢһԣԼΧһضԳ˱ò
һһ߻˫ֻۣƬҶľǺâڡʱע⵽âһƬˮȻཱུķͣĿԽ˲һĺȪˮȻɢˣ
öȣ
ǵֻǹɢȣǹӱȴ֪ǿᵽʲô̶ˡʱƾҶľ֪ǶôһϡıܹɢôֲĹӾǳ󲹵
ҶĿ˿ǺڿҪҪժ£ͼӾӦһͨһ´СȻ˵ϡ
ͬʱǿŲĹҲܲסֲήңȻ͵ȼ̼Ҳûʣ£Ҷĺһȡ
ȥ⻹ǲԴ
Ϊ͸ˣԼ԰ֻ֮ҪСĻôʮ֮˵ܽһŹӡԼʵ̫ãӸûиᡣ
ԣԣ
ⲢûҶԥ̫ãֻ̼˾ֵܵ¶ȣҶֱӾҧһڡ
ҶıԳһڻ᲻ֻһ־ĻҲõҩ̫ͽԼҲһָԼʦʦҲЩ
ϵҧӣǹϲÿһѷ졣͵ıһƬ̵֭ҺҶûзӦ֮ǰ;Ҷĵ
ȥǻİɣ
ķӦҶһǲԣڲҪʱֱԼͱһ̲ҺҶڣԼ⡮ʬ
վһᣬҶ񾲴ҩԷȴվһʱȴûа״ǰĺȪ»ָ˺䳹ǵԭòеҲɢɾȪɢĺǽнʣҲһɶ
û
Ѱ˼һҶļûзӦֻⶫҪԳҩƲƲ첻Ϊ⣬׼뿪
ԼȴԼĽźƶ˵һãղŻܶ˫ҲٲŲ֡
ô£
ˣͷҲǲܶϷֺҶ˾ͺӲסһ͸оԼһȵϢԸпʼգ۵Ĺɢȫ
ѵǹӵЧˣ
оŲϳԼеȾҶĺЩҪЩʵ̫ȰԵƾôسײĻԼһܶᱻȥԼҲпܱȵľյĶ㲻ʣ
ҶĸоԼ˶ˣͬʱѾסĿԼܹԼһĺ⣬Լ˾ͺһλûʲô
յĸоԲܣҶǴﵽȫλ⵽տԶôһҶľͿԶ˵ټˡ
ʵ̫ǿѾȫתȴ޷ӵҩȫڵһ֣ҶĶðľȴķ֡
ЩҶĸκβãֻƾԼڳײȥͬʱžջľ޴ʹȴ
յģʲô
޴Ҹ͵ҵһϣܻܿ˴޴ı硣
ҶڵˣǿᳬԤϣӵҩѾˣµҶĳűҲһʼѡ
ҶĵľѾʮǿᣬмҲڲͣ޲ȴɸϲȾƻٶȣͬʱǿϢҶڸ˸ʵʵԼ¶Ѿģɻиڲϵڴ
еͣתѾתĺһ޷ƣҶĽ֮Ҫ̷ԼٻٿһУһǿľκŸտʼ׼жڵľѾӯĽоԼը
Ҫ𣿡
ҶĸоĳԼƺѾٱΣ֮±ƳԼָϵǸ۵ָ
ˣ
͵ֱһ޵׶Լӯľȫͽָ棬Ҳܹ˵õʲôöֻҪܻµΣллˡ
ǽԼͽָУϾҲռھĴ󲿷ֿռ䣬ܹȥҲԻƬ̡Ȼû֮Լľĸ죬Ҳ˲ôˡ
ֻƬ̾ͱָ˸ɾ󱻴˵ָһļȡҶڵҶĸоԼƬ̺ﵽһƽ⡣
ӸвڶȾͣĳȫÿһռ䣬ҪűȾҲϵԼָʧ
һӡһ١
һӵҡһٵѸ£ҶĵͺΪһƷһȾڲͣɣȻڽűٽֱָ˲֪ȥ
ȾĥҶĴʱѾǻʲôҲָ֪͵ĹâȻһϸı϶ûв
֮䣬еԼԴûĿھԼ˹ţѾ˻״̬ҶıܵľͿʼЩھ
ǻŵҶģȻôǻ㱣Ű屾ܵѰһʽҪƽϢɱŰͻȻõһѿھԷתȻԭϰߵķʽУôͳµķӰɡ
һ˿д͵תÿת˿ΧᱻС
ûãҶڵͻһǺǱȾռͬʱѾƲľС
ھҲ֪ô£֮ȻбоǺӰľͣıߣҶЩŰȾɾɵУȻǹ뵽貵Ǻм䡣
ҪվҶԣͻᷢҶȼյĺٽƽͣͬʱĻһƬɫǹΧҶתʱǹͱһ貵ĳӣվмĺƱȺǻƣڽ˾ùͬʱҲоһȻЩ쳣Ǻɢ
ҶϵǸɫˮʱڲϱСǺӵ׳ˮѾָһ󡣰˵ҶĴʱƺˮĴСӦõŶԣˮʱҶһȫ˵ٻأԴҶû뿪
ٿҶڣ䵤Ȼӵ֮ͻữһǹ貵ĳӣҶڵľͺһƬǿһ鲼ɫǹ⣬ͬʱЩɫǹĻƶԼ֪Ҷڵľڡ
ڴʱ˺һҶĻָǣʱֻ̨ҲǴΪˬͬʱǰܶʧָжҶĵһʱҪǿԼǲǻţͬʱûٵʲô
ûã֫ȫ˳һҶɫ͵ıЩŹ֣ôĸ׳ˣʱ־ôëð
ûʲô״Ҷĳ鿴ڵԼ˿𣬶Լʧȥʶ֮ǰļͳ̶ȼֱǺԭһϡ
ǾˮһɢǹȻϸˮһ㲻ôۣҶȴܸоĵжôǿᡣ
ǹֵȾأ
Ѱһ£ҶֻһͲȾ֮ڡԼһ֮ͣһŻɫʵʵĶô̴̵仧ҶڣҶ΢һ̽ɫͻᱬһǿΪҿ˵ҶĻæ͵ҪסȴһУǹ籡ĺ˾̾ͱЩǺӰľˡ
ѵ޳ʲô񹦣
һǰҶеһѿھžð˳ʱԼʶһŹҶɫ쳣Ź֡
ȻǡۿԼƵɫǺӣԼƮɢĵǣڵɽҫһƬ貵ĵǹ⣬ҶĴʱ֪ԼΪʲôữΪģøˡ
û뵽侹Ȼ񹦣һˡ
ҶıۣܹоԼʵһɫĶҪ˵Ҳԣ˵ҲȫȷΪⶫȻǸεɫˮôҶĵĵͬʱҶķԼеʱ򶼻ͨˮȻ֮ɢɫâǺӡ
Ǻӡ
߶ԼոɵĹҶĵһʱ䲻ԼȻϰĹ򣬶Ǵһôϣ
ջҶԵǹ⽥ʧǰƮɢڶеĵǳȴûʧҶǰΪѾ˳ȥûĸɾ֮ǰǲʧˡ
ֹľҶĵͷ˼Լµ
ǿˣԼƺҲµĴ֪ԭǿ׳˶١ʱһһĸִһȭҶĶҪ˾ֵֻƾǿȾܹӶԷĹˡ
֮⣬ԼҲ˱仯ҪʵʣкҺһҶķԼıͬʱҲɿʹûΪǺӶʲô仯
һҶе֣ϸ룬Ǻӽǳ̬챦һĹˣɻ챦ܹ֮ʹʮֽȻͬȻ֮
Ҷĸµ²챦֮Ǳԭ״̬ʮͨ˹šͨǸ쾧תΪĳһ־
ϸһ˼ҶķԼԴ˺ܶڻ챦֪ʶʱסڻ챦˵κֻˣųŮ洴Ĺ֮ԶҶĵ
Ҷµļʶ޷ͨ͸ҲףԼûǺӡոյõϢǺӣвһɫˮӦóһɫǺš
ʮ챦Ǿɣôʮͬŷֲڵ֮УϰߵıԴУͬʱӰ졢ãԴϵ
ֻţ
Ҷ֪񹦾ôǿᣬѾԼоԼƺѾ֮ҶģȻֻǸŶѡ
վҶĸƶǻûɢǹ⣬ȻӶ߳ʱ߹ңӦҹʱ֣һƼѩͻһ߻һͣǼþò飬ԱѰǡøӶг
үأ
ѩҶûʲô״Ҳ˿ֻȥװΪӣƲƲ죺ǽ˵ģ
ո˴ҶҲ£ֻЦһ±㽫Ůӵڻֱһڣǵˣ
ǡڴʱҶֲֳ֮оұȸղŸǿ˼֡


249 
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ܼ򵥵̣Ҳܸӣǰصı;кһˮƣһȦ˵ˣˮҲ˶͵ܡ
ߣˮֻҪһתȻѰû˵ĵط;ɢڿС
书Ǻãȶ˶ϲ
һϲԵǺò⣬ֻɽʱȴ˵˾䣺ҶţĳԼˣ
ſӡͷԼһɫϲۣҶľžƱһ٣ܵøҶĳЩʱգʦú찲
ֻ΢ЦŽˮԵȴû˵͸¶˼ȴҶԼʲǷû˵Ҫ⼸ҪԼָߵ͡
˵ĻȻû˵ĵλȻע⣬˵ʱ˶첻ԣҪеĶ־Ҫ˵ʲô
ɽ˳ԾˣǵҶĵĻ֮˶ͺһ
ĪҪҶű䣿
˼Ҵʱ䣬δе㡭
ƴ󽵡ڷ²¡ŽǰѾաܹűȼＸѾûУӦǵֵ֮һˡκЩҶ̫ʢŲѰ
˵Ĳҿⳡѱ⡭Ѱ˼֮㼴ȥ¿ȴҪɽסЩʱˣ
ӦӦ
ɽźɽűָ£ǼѼġȥʢʱ򣬲˶ΪܹЩͷҶľ˭ǿ˭ϵǸǸðģ˶Щϧ
һضȻǼðˣͶˣڵе۷ԾȻ£඼԰ϲȥ˶׷ױʾҪ¡
һĻס޵е鷳ϵȺ˵ǹֱӹЦ߽ϴʲôطû˯Ī˵һڣ˯Ҳûʲô
ôֺǶסĵطǿֻϣԸһҹ֮տԼֵ֤ĶԾ
鼸һһ¸Ҷֻܰһʲôʱ˵ӦˣȻ޺޵һۣӽ㻹Ͱ͵ҵȢֲʦã㷸𣿡
£ԼһۻĹй¶һ㣬ųһ˿ǿơһ˻оںȾƵȴ͵üͷһ壬ֵתҶơǴʱҶǰ죬֡
𣿲ܰԴǺ޵ɣȻ޺Խ֮ٳʲôͻȻִˡǸղһɲǵĸоһϤİ֮УеŽǸϹЩͬ
Ҷƣ۾ԾҶϿ϶ַʲôɽѾԼһǸ硣
룬Цôվͻ֪ˣ
˾ƣǰѾ˰õҶڱ͵˱ֱӾ뿪˴áδоٰ죬ɽǿͬʱԷʳá
ת֮ҶĵһƼľһֱĻ£½մһɫȹôվҶĳ͹·Ժȥ
£
үʲôԸ
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ƺ֪Ҷ˵ʲôЦЦҪȼˣү߿ɣ
ҶĿǹֱӽŮһȢţûͬ⡣ҶٰһΣû½ţֻǻµЦ˵ү仰ӣȻ󡭡ûȻ
ŻԼסŵСԺǰԼķš䷿ŶҶ˵ϤȴеİΪ֮ⷿͻһŮˣλŮˣʱ˿̾ڷԼ
˿ĭҶĽڵķƿȻ󲽿˽ȥĻҶĽȥ㽫¹غá
һ߽Է֮УϤĴ֮Ŵϲ۵ѩͷϻŸͷڵʵʵҶ˹ȥ˺һ󣬷ѩĺе㼱٣Ҳ΢΢
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Ҷĵһ仰ȴԽŵѩһЩû̧Ǵźɫ廨ЬҪҶĵĽϺݺݵĶȥں˵˵ˣȶô
㲻ѩ˸ţֻ߸̧µʱȴĲ˼飬ҶֻоԼĽ汻һûʲôʹĸо
ʦ÷СƢǽŸҶЦŽǺɫĸͷһ־ͶһԵϣǡýǸƸͷĳӸ˸˸ʵ
͵ıƿͷѩҲǱһ£ȻƼҶЦԼ˫ҲǿտգʦֶȻûذ¡
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ڶƿˣʦܲܽһΰɣҶıѩ䣬ϵԼʦÿɱԼԤϵִŵĶ࣬Լߵ߽ͷȡأȻ󽫳ӸҶƣ

ԼĳӸˣҶƵԼһµѩҶֻʼȻȵʦýͷϣóӸ˽ҴѩͷŪ
𣿡
ѩҶһӲЦһЦҵĺװξʧɫҶʩѩһ£ÿʦЦһ
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ҶĻЦ£ڽʦ־ͲŶûƺˣ
˻һѩߣޱߵĺϼѩա˫ԼҶļ߳ӣҲǾȤֺÿ
뿪ٶϵѩſڣ˺ðһ伸ŵģ࡭࡭࡭
ʲô
ѩϸ죬ʱԱ˵ϺӣҶĽ˻ȻסѩǲͣԼָʲôҿɵ˰ˣ
֮УѩͷһγɵĢˣ߸ɴһ۾һȦȦιȥ
ʲôడҡҲŲأʦ־ʦ֣
ͷŤһԣѩû˵Ǹ֣Ҷȴ⣬ǽק˻Ļһӣ
еѩһӾҶĵıҶĻУǸͷǦˮһʼղ̧ȻƾҶĽԼϵȹһĴԼϰ룬Լ;չ¶ʦǰ
ѩϣҶľͽԼ㶨Ҳ齡
۲ѩоһϤϢԼ֮뵽˵ͻºԼ˵Ļ˽Ҫ飬֮½ͷŤһԣһ๫

ҹ⡢ޣµѩ˯ĺ𣬶ҶĽӵڻô˯е
һҹóԸͬʱѩ֪ʱԼڵǹɳѩһȫԼҲЧѩҲǴͬʱֽһֳ˹ȥѩֻҪ˹֮书ҲôһأصĹʦҲԴﵽԲľˡ
⼸ҶŪԼǺɫȻԼûĳǲĹӾȻôֲҶĻκ˳ӶֻǱ
ԼָԼյྫͬʱǡóһܹЩǺӹھĻԼѾһˡɼˣྫûӵЧδ̫ˡ
е㻳ǲǸˣ߸ǵ͹ΪԼһţҲпܳԵӵĻܹͣܵסӵ
ѾԼֱΧųĸоʲôˣǵŽ˵գ㲻ȥͿԲȥģ
ڵҶľһʱᱻظ߳ȥĸоԼĹһЩָоͻǿҡĿǰ˹ֶʹȫҲΪξŽɼûȫֹҲԼһ֣Լȥˡ
ôԭҶȻûȴȥ֮ͨ½ЩȵѩڣҲܹõһЩ洦ҪʱҲһЩ
ô޿ɺǣԼ˶ҪգôԼһܻԵùµһЩԼҲù㡣
Ψһĵνո·һôǺŮˣҶĻҪúõĺǶ̸̸ԸԼԵãԸǾͽŮĹһֱͣɡ
ҶĵĹƣԼŮĹȫ൱ľ磬ԼڵĳûȫĸɾӵʵֲʵҶԼΪѾĲ־еȴأ
˿ԼָŵǸԭƽƽָѾӣȻģû䣬ʵȴˡԭͺһͨһָȴ˰ָҶƣͺָûʲôԼʱɻֹŹֵʾ滳Լı˵˰
ĳòĸı֮⣬Լÿȥָʾǡϴʹʱ䲻һ£޷ʹã仰ǹıˡСôһĻ
ʲô˼
صָҶһֱûףıֶǲԼ˲ݣǳֻ챦һָֹͣգȻԼһǺ쾧Ϳʼ˱仯
ԶֹͣյǵһʱŷԼͲ˽⡣
Ҷ̧첲Ķѩе㲻˯˶˼ƺͻȻ˫ۡ
һۣľǽߵҶģʲһУѩЩ˶ｫԼҲãԺʦЩ˵ҲԼΪӵҪѧϰߺӦ
ʦ֡
˶ʮ꣬ѾϰˣҪʱڸĿڹҲܡ
Ļ˯
ҶĽַ£ѩܹĸЩûʲô˯ˣ
ѩҶĵ̬ΪԼʦ֮ǳӻҲѾ֪Ҷĺڴ˵Ļ˵ǲܵģüͷšһеĵĵʦ֡а𣿡
Ҷ黹ûü˵ֻ˵Լ͸˵ĳˣû˵µԼʲô硣ѩûʲô״ΪǹЧޣԲŻдһʡ
н֪Ҷ¶Ѿǿ˲ĳ̶ȣͲַˡҪĵҶľҪգɽӦô죿
ֽѩüͷչȻ˳ϸüʼУա°͡ǡͷͣƬ⻬ı֮Ĵ
ֻǱˣղʲôν
ѩҶô˵ֲڹⰲοԼ΢ģֻǱɬʱԼֻҶĵϣƺҪʦץĸһЩ
оʦõĵĺ뷨ҶҲ˫ֽ˼֣ӵûм˵ֻһֱš
һֱڵҹճһ˿֮ʱҶͻȻ˵һ߰ɣ


250 һ֮
ɽ䳡ɽ˺ڴˣվĿľֻһǾǼֵ֤һ˵ĵ
ҶվڳУңңԣԼĪԶҶҲڲͣ
Ҷţ
ţ
˶ǵĸֶ֣һ֮ԭѾõɽɣɽڵ̺ҪһֻЩҶķͷ֮ʢ˲ý˰һʲôף˶˶վ˵
˿ҶģܾɽԼ֪ǸҶ˺ܴͬһμʱȣ뼸ǰҶȣǰҶҲһ˵ĸо
ȻΪʲôָоָоƽ޹ʵĳ֣ȻôͶȻԭ
ҶŵΪƺоأһһźۡ
ҶЦһֻ˻ӣŵǺ
Լ˿ûε˼ȻѾԼսˣôҲûҪʲô͵
񽭺ѾԼ˶֣ԼװӵĻƽ׽СȥοҶĵɲԼΪɽŵһһҲɽɣ
ҶĴţҲоȣǰһĻȴͫ͵һë
ֻҶһּ䣬Ȼƽ׳Ͻ
Ͻ뼸ǰвͬҶ۳ϽȻ潣һ޶ǻܹǽǾγɣͨɫ˿ûжɫ
Ҷһּ䣬ǰƮŵѷɽȴǺĳһģһȻɷɫ⣬Ҳ΢΢ϡκ˶ĳ˵ǾԲš
ԿϵһЩ»ƣԼȥͺһѹƷһ㾫£ɼҶѾ絽˺־ء
ȵǣҶһּ䣬ʹ֮˫Ȼ΢ЦңңĿԼͬʱɢһ˵ơ
ھŽϸоû뵽վȻҶָо
۶ɵĺŷתһƬĽᾧת裬ƾԼеתıôܼվǰԶҶĶƹһۡ
ͬʱɽҲֻǻҶͷ֮ϣȻôңңĶԼ
ҶĻּгʱ㳡ͺһһƬ۵У˶ҶľȻƾŪе쳣ľԼ⡣οɽôڰգ󻹻ҶͷϣңңָŶ
⡭ʲô
찡ĪҶѾõˣһʹɼҷǴðģ
˶ΪҶһѾ㲻书ˣɼҷƾձⲻǴ˵еĽֶ
ŽɿʹŰѳҶһּѳͬʱҲܹʹѳֶⷬξǾŽ֮ˡ
һЩϢ֮ͨ˿дһЩҶںһЩ飬ʱһʲôõģʲôЩμħ̵˿ţҶſɲǿʹɽǿһʹٱɽܵУħֶӲסҶһС
ۡ
ô
ٶɽҶδɽ
ûҶʲƾܱɽ𣿼Ȼܱٶʲô֣
𣿡
۷׷ףѩͻȴԽŵųϾƣҶĵĹǶΪѾ˽ĺˣʲҶǻּĴݣȴжŮһɵöһۡ
Īǳ
Ů뵽Ҷ˵ǳҶܹôݵһ˲Ȼǹӹֻǲ֪ܷѹĹŮȻûƹƾ¶һֶΣ֪ɽžŽµһֵ
Ҷսʤ֮Ҷĵﵽ۷壬ɽɵҲﵽһµĸ߶ȡٿǵеƣǳΪµһҲǼпܵ顣
˶עųеĶˣеźȴԽתԽ󼸺ֹԭҲͻȻ˫۱ȵĴﵽǸ磬ĳҲҪʶһſϰݣ
˵ȭͷһеźȻıһıȻȭͷ֮ϡȭͷϵĺҶļôԶҲܸоĵɼȭ֮ǿ
Ҷȴܹжϳһȭ˲ԼҪȥӡʱ˼һȥΪǱӻǿʯǳȭóˣ
ͬǿ׼ķͷһͷŵеһͻȻһΧΧֻǰͻȻһƬɫһɫ⻪һţԼͻȻֵĹ⻪Ļۣ˶ǻ˺һŻָ
˻ָӾֻ֮ǳһ˶ľһ˸ǵһһЩСĸ˫һֱڵء
ޱȵɽ䳡ϣһһࡢҲҡʮɻĳôƾճ㳡֮ϡ
һվŵͷأԱ˫֣Ϲŵ΢ЦҶġ
վҶĶʱԭվλ˵ɶԶǺƶҶ֮ľ벢ûСλɽŴʱ㶵Լĵطǡþղŵڡ
ȭͷϵĺѾɢȥԼֱѾͷµѪҲûȥֻô˺һתͷֿҶͷƮŵĳ
ҶšҪ˰ɡ
ƽʱ˭˵ôһ䡮˭˭Ҫ˰ɣȻȻ󲨣Ǵʱеȴûһ˳Ƽ֮ͻȻֻźܹҶĶûʸգôδֲ̫һЩ
οʱȥҶģλүޱеģͷԾŵˣĸԣ
ſڣû˵ֻó̾һ
źαˣҶֵֿܶܳķӦҪԼܻɴ䣬ûϵλŻʧ̾
ҡҡͷĳʲѧٱѾյľѾеšҶŲ֪Լǰˡ
ôһ˵ҶĻе㲻˼ҶĳҲòŻﵽ㾳磡
нָءһǰЩֳǱ̬ĳԼҪ㾳磬ǲ֪Ҫȵȥ
ƺܵ͵İͷһȻЦҶŲǫˣеʹҲһɲ˴Ҷܹ㾳磬Բǽƾ־ܽ͵˵ģ
˵һȭҶŵĹĳķڷһĳˣ˵ԹԵ߶һϧɽ˲ٳ֣ҪҶźúõĴһ
ȻΪԼԽӲסҶһҲΪһ֮ԼͻԼĹ;ҲܺҶһǲ㾳ž޴İ
ϧ
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ʱҶͷһɽ㼴˵ǹ漴ʧӯĺܣҲҪ·ֽչڣҲۡÿοôѩһ顣
Ҷĵⷬٶֽй㳡ϵһ̾벻ҶͻȻʧˡ
ɼҷȻɼҷ
ʱҶĶ˸֣Ѿߵ˳ߣв˹ȥϸϸ
һ֮˹οǸҶžԵǽ֮
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Ȼڼ仹һЩ磺ɽɵɣɽţϰɱɳɣۣ֮ǰɽ˲Ҫѧյĵӡ
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ʱҶģһзֳʤҲûȶ֮£ŷûһֲֻ˲ͷϺ͸첲ϵ˿ڱ㲻ˡ
ЩƤˣʲô
£ҶҲͲٶԣ˻صԺҶĴ˴ԼסǼԺںùϹˮдݣҲд
ҶֱãѩҲһţԼŮĹ˵þˮһԡ
ѩתͷƻ£Ŀ䵽ҶͻȻʵҶš𣿡
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һԣƤʱһ漴ҶΪôش
ҶѾ㾳磬Ǽôⲻ˾Ҫա檻ƣҲڳΪһɣҲﵽ۷壬ոյõһжȥ׷Ʈ첻֪ε
ȴҶĵĻش׵ĸҶĲܲȥյ⣬ʲôʱ⡣µҶڹѹţǾŽһһӦ鴦˲ա
ɱԤϵĲ࣬ԼʲĲԩҶѹƹ֣ԼѾɽϡ
̧ͷƣֻҶסѩ֣ЦŵҾˣҪʦһգ
ʱڴʵǾѩԸԸԼһðգʱȫ㲻״ѩͲҶĵ˼˴ʱҶǾ仰ʲô˼ˣʱԼֱҶƵУѩ̾͵Ըʦһ𡭡¡
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˵ߣֻߵſڵʱͻȻͣպǬĳȥѰҶţ˵ձͷҲصûӰӣʱе˵ɽһѾɽȥˡ
үūҲҪүһ𡭡
ûˣͻȻỽһҶվͷЦɵ椣үôܻ᲻㣿
Ȼʦãôٶ˻£ֱ⣬ԼŮˣȻһ٣һղС
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ǳ࣬Ӧ㹻Ƕ˵ĹҲˣ
ķӡٺ١
һҶĵı飬̾͵ү뻵ˣ


251 
߻λΣĽһЩҪ̵ȻҲ뵽ɵĹС
ҶõͽܣѾˣ书˼Ҳ죬ҶĻΪܹӵиʱȥۻ飬ȻȵԼζˣǡþͿԴԼӹɽɵ֮λ
κΣ첻Ը
Լʦڲ֮ʹﵽվ磬Ȼ󱼸һδ֪Լݺͼ縺֮ʱ仰ԽˣҹѧϰƹһѾڽվס˸ţұ˾һɡ
ǵãΪһɵţеʱ˵ܹԺ޼ɵģվ̫ߣҲʹŻиע㣬΢һͻᱻ޵ķŴ󣬴ӶԼ˴Ĵ
ϳɣ½ҽ֮λԭɽΪʦ۷壬Ҫ۷ϴȹ̣ҪĲǼʵǸ߷壬ǻ²ѾõһУɸ̫ˣ֮λ֮ҪǵöЩõĵӣ
ȻȻ˵ôҪСĽ飬һҪףɽɲǿɣð˱ɣôͺݺݵĴȥ֮⣬ԴɷĵӣҲҪʹϲʲôԭŹΪ衭
Ӱ˵һѣ˵ҶԼеˣҲ֪ԼӾûԼ˼
˵ͷӦһʡã
ⷬشҶķ˲٣˽ӵԸ˵ǱˣԲаˮ֡
ױã漴ҶĴԼȡһᣬݵϣΪʦϰгɵҲǱɵɾѧΪʦ³¼ģпھ֮⣬һЩҪעĵطע˳ϼɺֻҪⱾؼϵĿھоͿžѧ
ǣ
ĽؼӹΪѾϣҶͳӡ
һΪʦԴֻҪ㽫СɣôͿԿʼϰŹмǣûгɾ֮ʱԲϰ˹
ָָһһԼ򽣾Ҫ㽫һܿʼ򽣾򽣾ͲҪˣΪʦΪ˹
˵ҶͻȻҪǱӵĺ벿˺ãֻȥֲ֡򽣾ԼĥģѪҪһѶؼϧĶࡣֻ򽣾ԹҪ󼫶˿̣ûԼôǿžѧһ˻߸ɴһغһ˵ؼ
ʦʼ²ȥ֣ҲԼʦ᲻žѧֻӱ֤žѧҲáɽ֮Σ
Ҷļ˵Ҳ͵˵ͷ漴ؼһ˹ȥ˻ȥˡ
Լ⼸ӣҪţҪռ¡һѧѾ㹻ӣֻҪǱδɾͲǲٶ˼ƽ²ɽϣĵĽڳ١
ʣµҲӹԼңˣһڿҿҡһԳˡҪѴ࣬ҲôˣԼԺӦô
ȥ֮Ҳûкֱ˽ʦֵ˻ƣȿڵĻ͡
Ϊܹʦһɽϣû뵽ʦ־Ȼһˣ
ʲôѵҪ𣿡
͹Цһ󣬽еεճ嵭֮ſڵʦѾǴ˵ľ磬ȴ֪ʲôо
оҶĿЦһ£ͺ㵽һĵط˶ŭ㣬޲̽߳ȥһ
Щÿ˽Щ飬ɽɵṹǲͣĽԼڵĳͨ´ݵŮڡ
Ů˶Լþ콫ЩܹҶĵΪһͬա
ʼְ취ЧʺܸߣŮĹĺܿ죬ԽԽǶŮЩʱգǳľ󲿷ֶƶ˵ʺ;ܹȴࡣ
ȻŮҪЩΪҲǿеתþȥʡҶȴΪһֱҪԼԼøʵҪȹҪֹŮΪ
ʾԼһ㣬ҲҪ֤Ůܹȥ
ֻնıѩĸˣʦҪռˣ
Ҷץץ֪ܵ˵ҵŮˣռǱ쾭壡
һ仰˵ŮǺǰлϲҲٺ죬רЩֲܹܵصĸо
ȻҶĻ״Ϊֲ֮ĸоյıҪŮûдﵽ׼Ҳ֪ԼǷܴһա
վ͵ʧ˵ƿһƺڶһԼȥҲɽȥ
ǵһ֣ôʹųܹյߵĿܶûСڶֵĻƺԴˣֻҲ֪ǲǸƺڶʲôΣգǹﵽһ˲ͨ
ֿܣŮĹȴ궼ǱҪҶڽһʱǲͣÿһ̹ȫעİﻳŮӵͳҰ
һ㶼ǰã
ȻڱԹҶȴò֣Լµ뿪
⣬ɽṹ¸ҲѾ˽
µɽɷΪźţյķʽûиı䣬֮⻹ҩݸ󡢽󡢲һϵСĵλ
ʵЩλʹڣҶĸһµĹ涨ÿֵ쵼߽ΪɽɵĳϣҩݸɳһҸ𣬳һҽΪɽɵĳϣȻԼһĶ֮ⲻ£еĵλҲڵõȷš
ͬʱЩҲԴŵʵĲſɽ֮λ״൱ҲҪɽɵıеУΪɽӡ
涨ҶĿǵĽɽΪһܹר˲ŵķӡɽѧ˸գҲпѧҽܹȥļաǲ˵ǲ飬˵˽ѧá
ɽɵĴͱ˲ȻֻǹҸҲǰˡ
˵ǣɽɲҲڸڸֻɽɵӣȴݣʲô˶ɽµԺǡÿԸɲ֮ٲȻɽԺ
ҶĻһ̵Щ־ڴӾ֮һЩսϵĶһЩ书ɽҲУҲŻǵƺ⵽͢ļɻ䣬Զʱ׼Ūֻǽ뷨֮齨һ֡
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Ҷľͷۣסһļ΢һ㾢Žһ졣ֻĲҺʵ̫һ㡪˵Ҷֻʹһ㾢ѡ
2000ꡢŦԼ
õԼҪĴ𰸣Ҷȴ㶼ÿġ
ô£2000ꣿܰѵһص˹ȥ˵ҵ˺ԭ缫ΪƵƽ磿
Լһ㣬ҶĶʱΪ⣬ɻǵԼǸ֮ǰӦ2011꣬봫˵еĩջһ磬Ϸ籭Ѿһ꣬ŷޱҪһӡ
Ҷĵ˿סԼѷͣż򣬵ǴʱҲҴ󳳴ˣֻĿǰڷԳԼǸˣȴӵпֲԼĹ
ʱſʱ˹һװЦݣһ׼òĽ˧˵ǰ
ӿ˿ҶģҶϵķ֮΢ɲüͷȻ󹧹Ĵ˸кλӦǶʿɣŷ޽ְ͢Ա⼸˶ҵ£Ҳ˫еᡭ
ʿ͢ûдǰһعҶģֱС˵гֵĴʻŪˣʺ⵽ǵİ


002 ˱Ե
´һǰװУҶ͢ŷ޽͢
ǵģװе˵ͷҽаϡ˹ŷ޽͢ӢֲһҺҵѰһܺ͸һЩͻⶼΪһЩᣡ
ҶִһˣܾʲôԾĿǰҲƲʲô쳣
װл˻̸֣Ҳ㣬ǻطɣȻѾڵϵʬ壬ÿ˶ͷϵǸСðϡ˹üͷ£漴һӣｻҵȥͺˣ
ϡ˹ҶĳӢϵӦСٶһԼС˵йڽ͢ҶĿԿ϶С϶ǸţָǸʥʿ֮ģ
뵽ʱҶͻȻʵ֪ǲǽ͢ʥʿ˵Ǹϡ˹һ㵣͵ķԼ˵ġΪС漴뻻Ӣһ¡
û뵽ǣϡ˹ֱ÷ǳĻشҶĵĻҲǽ͢ʥʿʥʿǽ͢սǲɳġǡ˵ϡ˹΢һ㻵ЦԣȴûӹҶĵ۾
Ҷľе㲻ԾĿǰ޷׼ȷжϣֻȸСߣԼʵһģȻصƺЩ֮ͬҶĻжϳԼʵȫķӳǿհʲӽְ͢ԱӦòԼв
ͷ˿ףֵĿǰһԴˮԼǲǲСļ䴳ĳħôƬֳкö
ѾѲˣǸװаͬƣǽһͬ
ҾͲ˰ɡָָΧ㿴һÿ꣡ﶫô࣬Һܶ඼ǹŶ͵ˡ
ģһҵ°㿴꣡һƣŶĴű˿ʮīĴ󺺳Ҷ׵ǰ
ϡ˹߹ȥһ˵ʲô֮Ǹ˾ָָԼˣȻ߽˵̵Уȥʰоȥˡ
ͬʱҶĿ˿ܣֵԵеƫƧǼƫƧҲӦù쵽־أʲŵǹǲҽУȴûκע⣿
ϡ˹ļһܴ󰡣
ΨһĽͣҶʵ벻Ŀˡ
ӵ˳ſһͷϾһҶһ̧ͷͼϤӶĴ¥Լ
״Χ˶Ǵһ˸̴ӻͳǹ׼Ҷһ̵ľٶʶֵӦԼˡ
ʦ֣
ү
Ҷ־ϲԭ˼ҪòܼŮûϵôͼˣҶָϵɫָĵһãû̫鷳Ȼˣ
յʱ˸о뿪˱磬ͽ뵽һƬڵĿռ䵱Уռֻоһͣ˺ԼҪ˺ƬͬʱڵҲܵӰ죬ƺҪȥ
ÿ˵徭µĴ󶼰ʹ࣬ûܵʲôˡҶ˾ͲˣŮʱľУȻﵽյҪ󣬵ȴѾ˺ö൵Ρʱ򼸸˶˹ҪգҪﵽ׼ҲҪǳǿܹܵסǿ˺֮򶨻ᱻЩ˺ƬһɢֵĿռ
ȻŮƼǰһŹĶڣ̾׹ǳڣȥܾ֮ܿһµء
ûϵǣҶĵָʱ֪ʲô裬ͻȻâҶԴԼһϣȻΧĿռͺ뵽˿񱩵һ˺֮ǿ˲֪٣ͬʱǱȶĿռҲһŤӡ
գʱң
ż֮£ҶļڲԶ̾סŮȻ˫һȽŮ˳ȥԼҪΧռİΪŮȡʱ䡣
ҲǽָĹâһÿռ佥ƽҲҶĵΪã֮Ůâ֮ռָֻԭ״ȻҶĲһƬΰĳڡ
ҶʲŵƲ⣬ԼָͻȻ˿ռʱңԼŻص2000꣬һԼͳȥŮҲǵʱ㣬ҶĲ²ⲻԼԽʱǴԽʱԼǸʱ䡣
ΪԼҲҪʮһܼŮû뵽ŷֱûãŮ˾Ͷǰ
Ů򵥵Ľ˵һ֮Ҷľ֪ŮֵʱǡϣֵĵصҲǼ˵ǵʱûˣŮԭصţϣҶͻǰ
һֱȵ֮꣬ŮòȥұĵطȴͬʱֲԶԾڶĴ¥ϴţֱʱѾҶĲŴǵ˳
Ů˰СʱҽǹţʱȻ˰ջࡣֻǰնѣѾ㹻ˣǸϰʮ޶ûطȥ
ŮҲǼΪˣҶ˵˵Ȼ磬Ŀǽ𷢱ۻߺˣֻԼ򡣼Ҳޱİֻּ
οʱҶ֪ŮֻδһƬڰ
ںܿҶľ³˵ǰûҵ̫ã΢˵˼仰ԹԵվҶԡ
˼õˣҶָָŮˣǶҵӣ
Ŷϡ˹Ҳһʲô֣ڶһ˽⡣ֻҶװƲӦǲ֪˶õϹǸǰϰףһжǷϵʱϰ׵ġ
ָͣŵļӳϡ˹Ҷĵһ롯ƣϳɣһȥƵһ̸
ҶĶŮһСĽȻһûļӳγ
½˳΢һʼʻͻȻԱߵıȡ˼ӣϲǰ׾ưɣ
Ҷһ֪СԼ˴˵еϲһֶȤζھ͵˾䣺޿־У
ϹȻе㵣Ҷһװ磬һƽʱô߶ʿ뵽λãһھҪ֡йŴпðеת䡣
ԴȻûתϵĶȴӵȡһѾ㹻ĿֵݵҶĵȻҶĽ˵ĺһڡ֮Բǵһκֶ
ºѩͷҶһͮͮƤӺȵĺǿģҲɵЩ棬ƳŮ˵뷨ֵݸŮһޡ
ҶĵĶ˶ƵҲèĽһСڡŮԼͬüͷֵζ
ǺЦЦҶû˵ʲôһһ޿ֺȹ֮αһͬʱһþǿֹӾͱһС򡣲⻹ֻ꣬Ҷ΢΢Գһɫ֮һƤӾۣӴ򿪵ĳƮ
һݣ֪ǶԷʾֶκýԼС˼ңһʼûСͲˡ˵ʿΪ߸޷Ͽ꣬Ҷĵٶð仰ȷԡ
ʲŻû̸γƺ
Ҷģ
Ҷϵ˵ͷ漴ʼԼĻҲ˫еᣡһ֪ΪҶɱЩ£
ΪɱңҶĵ۾һֱעŰϵı飬ԼĻ˵֮аϵ۽΢鴤һ¡
ˡðҵ¾ʲôǾԲġ
ԼµǹǲйĺۼͬʱʣӵҲԸһЩ顭ǻӲһصĵͷܲɵİɣҶĸͲһκλᣬֱӾŸ߶Էɳ㣬
ЦЦҲΣ˵һ䣺Ҷ˽ĶʿЩͬ
ӡеĶʿһȺ֪˶õϹҶִ˽⣬һЩΪ˵ϰ߶͹һ
ҶġҶĴŹװִûκ²ҲҶֻһʿŮӵһЩϸ΢ķӦ֪ԼĲ²ˡºѩϳ֮ͱֳĺͽ䱸Ƶ
һ·ûٶ˵Ϊߵ˶ڻҶȻ΢¶һֻ֣֪ƾǵֶΣöԷԼеɵԼǲܵġ
Ĭ˺һҶĿ˿ڣΪ֪Ķʵ̫࣬ǰһһѵİٿȫ飺˵һ֪ʲô
һŶ۾΢΢һ£ȻЦݣҶȴпһ㺮ɱһͨĹŶ
ɵôͨĹŶýְ͢ԱһȺװΪһͨĹŶûѧҲС˵ߵӰ
ҶҲۣ˹ƺʵ
ô᣿
˫һ˲ƺ˾Ͷŵľ浱УϳסԼѷֻίСϱһڽ̫ί׸Ļ
Ķ˺һ󰲵ϡ˹ͻȻЦһ£ȻҶҪ֪Ҳǲܸ߸£и°æװɣ
˵ҲҶĻشԹԵ˵ҲǱǹŴʱһĹݶҲ߾Ŷ
Ҷɫһ䣬ͻȻǸССȻԼǸͭĪǸǾŶ
ӳͻȻͣûκסϧڳùײһͷ֮⣬ûж˿ûжֺ
ʲҵ±棬˵ĵ﷢ǸͭҸϵʱͭѾʧˣҵȫҶ룬ҶȻ֪Ǿݶȥ˰ɣ
֪أҶ̯֣żҡҡͷǸҪǷжǷ⡣
ϡ˹ҶľȻôشҲеһֱŵƢʱڱ˳ҶʶʱһЩ򡭡
͢׷ɱ
ϡ˹ͻȻЦһҪҶ˵˲ǽ͢ȺŻСˣҿΰ󡭡
ϵû˵꣬ʹһģöĻҪȥð䣬Ҳΰ󲻵ȥ

һ仰׼ŭ˰ϡ˹˧һͿһŭ֮ϵװѿǱװļԽĺ˺͹ͣͬʱëҲ˳ſҲһ˵ͷ
˰
ȷӦסԼѷĺʱޱϣԼܹιȥȻٴۺԼŲôƴϣһжһΡ
ϧԸԶ޷ʵˡ
˵İϡһ־ͽ׸˿Ȼߴ׵һģҶģݶ
Ҷƣһ¿ڣ󹷹ͦĹѩͻ±Щ֣δ֪ĹЩŵֱӳ֡Ҷֹ˶ŮͬʱһŮĵ˵һ䣺˱Ե
ԼϷŪ˵İϡ˹ŭֽ̧뽫һɵͬʱĺһΧѾħ󣬶ʿ֮һʵӲû꣬ͷԼ߾ٵұ۾ȻҲã⻹㣬ӾȻܶˣͺסһ
ôܣ


003 Ѫ
˺˹߾ұָۣſǺһָ֪Ի谵ĵطŵ㺮⣬ֻһ۾Ƴצӵǿƻ
ƾצӶôͣ˹ͰڵĶôȴʼ޷ԼצȥһǱĿҪΣҧһ𷢳˵ϧԼԴ֮ĵطɶá
ô£
˹רʿħУκʿʹǿǷֻҪرǿķҲ⵽һơֻܡ
һ־Լˣǰ˲Ƕʿ
ڶ־ǰʿǿԶԼԤϣǿᵽ˿ʱõħ
һ֣ں˹˵һĽž޴ʱΪıԵеŤûзɵǰ⼸һ
Ⱥæ
˹Ļһ֪͵ĳһȺˣЩǰڰԼϰͰ˰ȴ֣أ˹һǲ׹ԼϰѾסˡ
Ⱥһÿ϶һMP5׼ҶļˣһȺ˲ԼԼϰ壬Ƕܹϸѵôľ벻Ѱеôס
ǻⱬǹ֮Ⱥ˷Լϰ徹Ȼħһ͵ԾȺ˵ǰȻԼΰ׳˶彫ӵ
쵰
˺˹ȻԼȥҶĵǹӣοǿȣôǹҲúܣ˿ڣֻܶƤˣȻ˲ˬ
Ҷʼ򣬸ôһڽŵΧ֮󣬸о˼˹͵ļһһͬ顣
ں˹Լǹ⵱ҶѾȷǼһλãһ̧һɫĳͳϣҶһﻹܷɧڽеĸ֡
˽һ˺˹ͫ͵һǱɫĳһֲĸоܹĸоĵԼľ޴вӵҰްֱǵĸоٳִ
ɣ
ϣ֪ҵţҶĵȻһﲻԼţȻܹʣ֤綨ôһȺ塣ҶͻȻе棺֪Щɵķɽɵģжǿ
ɫವһ¾ͲӰӣںڰдһĲҽͬʱú˹еɫʱʱһ£Ƭ֮󣬾Ҳûκζ˹ֻоԼ䣬ͬʱÿһҽһθСǻжϣЩͬŻᱻɱһһɱ
ʱһ˹һӵ˴Ӻڰ˳еľȴʾ˲սʤǱֲɽʤߣһ׷ɱߡ
˿˹ʱ΢һ㶣־뺰ʲô춼ûſͼɫâһɫĳǰ籡ǿὣֱӽն룬ҷֿžһˤ˵ϡ
ŨѪζʼɢסԼѷҲ֪ŵѪζΪһˤ󷢳ͻȻŵĺһɤӡҶʱע⵽һֱڽͷ̧ĺֵܣȻûбʲŽϵ쾰Żȥ˵񾭴أǵɫأ
նɱһ֮󻺻ķɻصҶĵ߲ڿУʱͬǸ˲նɱһںҲĶһۣжѾ˵еMP5ҲǡҲǣ
壿Ϊ
ӣԼӵĹǱ׷ɱ𣿹ԼһתͻǸһ˲䱻նƬ
ҶĿź˹ۣûʲôĴѡһǳ׳յķԸң
˹۾תתһֱԭûŲֺҶġҶĵ֪ⷬӦӦ
ΪʲôҾݶҶĺܺӦŷ޵ȻΪһܵʦϧǿԼǶԷ²ǸʿҲΧռǹĲĻԼɥ
˹죬±ϣѡ翹ΪֻҪԼ˵ôҶľͲɱֻҪԼԺһѵĻᡭصŷްȱ
ϧǣҶûиᣬֱӾͱۣȻôûлŵıҪˣ
һǺ˹ĲԼ֣ҶûиκηڵĻᣬ˹Զĳâţһ˲ͽ˹Դʳ˷ĩҶļǵС˵д˺ѪǺѱɱԳ־ԴкԴʳɷһﻹܻ
Ӻ˹ϻ֮δͣ£˳ƳȺˣڷɵ;ʱ͵ըѿ⽣ҲǾļģǡһһˡ
ȺȻڵһʱתܣ˫ôܿҶĵĽҶĹʩչ̿ɲ֪ȵԶ˶٣ٶҲ֪˶٣Ⱥ˸ûѵĿܡ
һ˵ԼĽ֮£ҶվȺ˵ûа㲻֮УǸ˽ʮ꣬ɱҲ֪ɱ˶٣Ҫ˵ʱͻȻðʲôθǲǳ
һֱԼԵŮʲŮһֱûгֻǾҲ鲻ҪǶ죬ҲҪǰ֣Ҷһ˾ܽˣԾװƷһһֱһж䶨ǲſ˵
ʦ֣ЩһΪʲôҪ͵Ϯǣ
ǲ粻һ죬Ͳ׾ʲôԭȻһȺֵˡǸܱɴһļһѩΪ񻰹
һȺԴûȫıˣᣡ߹ȥĻڽסԼѷҶеһǣûɣ
ʲô̧ͷҶ֮ĵ΢һ£ȵǸµѾѪ֮󣬸ǳһС˵ӰƷУƺʲôȻ˾ѪʲôĺܿᣬҼ˳Щڰе׶ԵƷģΪȺһûۼЩµļһԲĪͷ
ҶܣѾٵ˳ıȻƨƨߵܵȺʬȺһϷȥ
٣Ǹǣæ
ûԼŮˣǸףҶǱʶﲻԼŮȥˣ
ѩҶĵĶȴͻȻһֻĸоͬһݣȻƮƮҶԣҶһŪȺ˵ʬ塣
Ŷո
ѩƮƮһɵۣʲͷڽûпҶɱȺ˵ģ𵱳ԼһĻܵΪһʲôֵķ
ֱʱײžԼڷࣺԭ⼸ǶģĪǵڵﶯܶ˴˵еġѨ
ԽԽô£ͻȻһֺõı飬ŻվԭĻһײıȭ񣺡󡭡ϺšԡūϹ

ȫڲļһ˵ʲôĻ£ֻܷһ޹ʵ񣬼ֲ˵ЩϡŹ֡ߴﹾԣԸֱλشˡ
ںŮ
򵥵ķһ֮еӢҶĽһ׸ղ˵ʲôģ
ںڵļһ﾿ʲô˼󣬻ҲЦ˳һ䣺ҿɲʲôŮأ
˵ĻҶĿһֺõģǸҪжƱӳס嶯˼Ŵ󳮺ݵ׵ǰ
Щ͵ֽƬԼӡŵĸ˫˲$ķţҶӸղǸ˹ѧĳƺʲôΪЧ͵𣿡
һʵס׼Ӣ̲ģŵ߼ĶҪ⡭һҪȥҰ켸֤
ҶĵЩҪһִվԼǰӦһϵһĸˡ
Ҫʲô֤
Ҷ룬ͻȻ뵽˵˵һţʱֻһЦ֮ȴõʱˣҰżʻ֤ô˵Ӧʲô˼ˣ
һ̾͵ͷףǳףĻǮ
ҶֱӵЩǮҰס̲ĵģ֤Ǯһ⸶㣡˵ͻȻƻ£ѩֿ˿ԼҪǰŪ·
ʱע⵽ǰ⼸˻йŴ˴ֳۣӳȥĻƻΧۡ
ƣеΪѵǣҲ֪ģҲӦһߣȷ֮ܰﵽ㣡
Ҷĵ˵ͷǾȥɣš
˵֮ѾӾûӰӣȻҶĶУһصʬ廹е㲻Ӧղһֱ˵õ㣬ס֮ɰͰ͵վһѪܵʬ嵱У޷Ӧ
֮󣬻üүŵù𣿡
ȻʲҶ˵ʲô̬ӦǷԸǸȥʲô顣Ǽ˶ǳ˵أزºױ˰ƭ
ҶЦЦʲһʵʵĸҰ£ôеܵģ
Ȼǵ򣬵֪һ֮ҶķСĽʲôҶʵ̫Ϥˣ޶˸һϤǧԼ£ûеֶǽֻ˴Ǯܵ
ʵʵĽãôҶȫעʱǵջܵһЩͷȻ
ҶӦԣҲͲ˵ˣȴһֵĸоǾҶĶޱȵϤϤĺþһ
ѩҲĸо
ʲŷȺʬʱе޴֮УΪ֪ԼĶûûãֻһԵĵݵҶǰȻԼʦѡ
ҶļûаԥܿľͽЩ̵ֽƬ˳ȥĶʣµĶˡ
ǸںڵļһʲſЩֽƬģѩ²ƱһĶΪʲôҶĻϵã
һԴҶŮе㱣ҶĵҲ˼˿֣ǸղҶóưĹŮ˿ҪҶʵǱ˼ðˡ
˿ŮҶͻȻ̾һ֪ԼܾŮˣҪʵ˵ŮԼһЩˣ
һֱȥοԺҪȥʹС˵ܻῴӰɣʱһһнʮƷŮ϶Ҷʸ
䵽ʱŮʣ㲢ɫ̹ףԱ֤֮䲻ָҡ
֪ʣԺ󰲶ٺ֮һϸ˵ģ»ЩҪ
ҶȻһƬ˹ű˵зȥʱҵ˺˹ƤУһÿ֤֮⣬ȻһëǮûС
ҿ㣡Ȼһֽ𶼲
Ҷź˹ʬӱӵʱͻȻо˿ܿ죬һһͷ𷢵İŮӳҶĵ֮ڣҧźŮڿΧһصʬҶ̴֮ӻͳһǹ
NYPD
ϧžǹͷֶһˣ󲱾һۣ˾ʧȥ֪


004 ŵĿӣ
ӻ֮ǰѾû˰˵ӰӣһصʬԼǣ𾪵ľǵڼӳԵǾ߾޴ʬ塣
׳˶ļ⡢צԼǻµĳëһڸⶫԲ˵ʬ壬ŨҵѪζҲʾҲһģ͡
⻹𾪵ĻôԶǱ꣬һѪʬе֡
ϵ۰ҿǻþ𣿡
绰ͳ̸Լ˾˵绰ʵ̫죬ֻѡȽ˺Ȼ㱨ȻԼûʲôû㱨ġ
һСʱŮٱԼĳٺһԣͬʱע⵽ΧͻȻĪˣЩһƺڽӹԼԼͬµĹ
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ûʲôֳǸֺˣȻѾܴ󣬵ǴԵеˣһ֮ûüʰֳˣԼļڡ
ʲôȫ޷ĪĽͣҸղ˵ˣҿǱ˸˹ȥʲô龹ȻϮ
ҲǴˣֳĿƮ˵һ䣺֮һûüʰĵӰֳˣ
ʱһװźīƺ˵ļһ˽ֳ仰֮Ůپǵһֳˡ
תͷŮǰŵ֤ͻȻЦˣ׵·ƶ£ҲϲΣҿɲҵֽﰺSϣ
־ֳ仰ʱ˿˫۹Ц֪һ˹׵·ƶµĸ磡
ȵ־ֳע⵽˿˫ðǳ˵ҧ֮󣬾ֳʶЦѾˣˣԼļˣѾûˣ
ǡ
ûʲôǣ
ȥ־ֳεĺԵĺһ䣺ҲҪڽڰһЩйصĵӰ򡭡
Щ鲻Ҫˣ֪Ӧδ˵ıܿᣬͳֻԸĶ־ֳޱĽҲôᡭ
߳ĿȻеƫ޿κΣĽ֤ȡȻ׼뿪ʱһھԼĲ̵ļһǰ
ٺٺ٣˭ŮӢۣǹƥһСɹġŶŶͻȻǸֻǺͬͬհˣ˵ԵļͬһЦ˵㷢ˣѵĿԶԸɥʬԶԸˣ
һһҧЩձ˲Զͷͣĺţһ֤˵һжģ
ļһֱŬҪ׷࣬ʲôû鵽ԭ֤Ҳȫʧ
ЩֳMP5ԼʱԼԴؾĵͷͨͨӰ
ʺô£
ȷԼʱûкȾҲûг飬Դѵ״̬µĻҲΪԼ˻þ
ǣǸһգ۵ʱʧӰʱǹһֱŶ棬ȴûʲôʱһ˵ģԼͱ˴˹ȥ
·ей˹ŴĳۣҲӦȥ˽תת
ȻʲôûҵΪʱҶװҵĹԢΣŮӢġ
Ҳʸ˵ĹϵŮ˶ǿ˷ָţżĹŮ˾ͰżӢ̲ĸ͸ˡԼΪ֪˶࣬˼͸㶨޴ʵʲ졣
ҷҵԴƺҲ˲٣
ʵҶǸ˽ʮ꣬ϲ˵ڵͷḻԪʹԼԶҪȵǿ˲֪١˼Щ챻ĵʶ׵ĻҲǰտɵĺ׽жԻԭ
ҪڵȥѧһЩµĶĻܱŮѧĻҪ죬Ϊ徭ĳҪŮ׵Ķࡣ
֪һ㣬ʱΧǲͣ˺Ҳ´壬ܳŹȥȻֻһ̨ף粻ȥĻ
ȻЩ͸ֻ̨֮ǲһ¾ġҶĿƾ轥֪ʶķḻǿļôǲ˲ͱʲôʲô뵽
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Ů˿ϸһ£һ󾪽кҶվҳȥ㶫ĶҪԹˣ˵˳ȥŮ˴ڷ￴ŵӼӦִûӴԡ
ҶһߣѩڲͣŤӣҪǿסȵȹӸקȥһ㣬û̲סЦˣקĻҪ¶ĵطˣ
ѩҲһΣֽȶ¶ȹܾòԾǡǻ¶öడȻϴŽ˿ܾⱡĶҲӦ¶ġ
תͷ»£ʦ˵Ů˶ôôܾе㲻Ծ
ЦЦүǰˣҲ˵İɣ㿴еӵĺӷŵĻ棬˴Ҳ
˿Ķ֮ĶӾҶҪȷԼڳʱŸ˿СķŵʲôÿĶɾҪˡһﲻ⵽˹ԢƨƨߵĸҶĽܿͨƵͨˡ
ѩ۵ϵĻ棬ͻȻе㺦ߣǸǸŮôֻô٣ʱڷŹ棬һӾװŮڴ󺣱ܰܵģӿˣ
Ҳ΢΢е󣺡ūūҲ֪
ҶΪλ˽飬Ҷ⼸ҲŮ˵һȻǾһļӹɫ
ʦãֻת𣿡

Ҷļ״ʦֵŹһ֮ԴһºըһȻкһεϡŹֵһֱҲףԭǾȻҵǰ

ѩѾĿɿڴ˻û뵽ҶľȻ˵һ˵ţνҶĶԼϰߣ
⼸ȻЩϡŹֵĵе;̾û˸ʹõĻǾԲһ֮¾Ū׹áҶȴʹЩ䡢ˮӻԼ绰
Ȼе㻳ɣŮĵѾҶĵ֮ͣ벻ʲôһˡ
ҶĽԼ½һЩ֮ŮľעҪһˡ
ɹҶĳһӦ˹ȥͬʱҲȷԼû˵Լǽʬʵһȷѡ񡣷»Σѩ϶ָɲϣԼȢֵŻҪԼìܣĻʵ̫Ѫˣ
ӹԢҶĴŵҾͱĳ˹ȥװҵһͨߵҲҡסŦԼвƫ½׼ûϵǣʱʱҲһ£Ҳûпӵо޴Ƹ
ֵطΰһ֤Ҳ㲻ͬʱԼһסҲԵۣסʲôʲôĶУȻ˶һ޻˰е֡
ҶסһͨͨĽѹֿҲܵΪй˶ϲס˽ֻ丽
ҪҪٸ·ʲôģҶıһʳģԴȴνԼһЩȤֻŵʱһ֧ͻȻļϡ
תͷҿ𣿡һеϤ˹ҶֻܿЦһºһ΢Цתʲô𣿡
ҶĽ촩һͨļпˡһеɵţп㣬ͬʱͷĳѾѩæˣ˳˧ͨûʲôŲŮܹϵĳ
Сĳ˵ľģ˺ü֤ݣҵĶ췢ĿһҶ̴һȻ㣡
˵һģȻͳǹָҶģNYPDǵԼһ˲ʹԼʧĽ䱸һʱͽǹıո˿
ȥͲ̨ܻ𣿡
ҶļЦݣȻ޹ŶλŮ٣ǲϴˣ
ܣҵͼһֱǾõģһڼһ۵Ķһ֮ڶǣ
Ůƺǵ⣬˰°͵ͬʱ˼ȻŴӺȡһòҪԹԵĺһؾ
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ҶⷬıףԼسȻɣһ޷ܣ֤ԼʵĿ΢΢ͷֻ΢һת֤ԼɿԼһ
ֻνĸ֮󣬿ףһܷɻñϷˣ˵Ŀ̾ˣԼĻ쵰һ٣ǵת֮󣬱վ˾Ȼʧˡ
⡭ôܣ
һʳĵҶĺСһ·յߣڼ仹RAPķʽһ䣺ŮŮ
ʵҲûʲô˵ģһ˵ͬʱɺܶྰǵһעĳһϵʱ򣬶ľһ˲ĺԣ۾ϵĻ沢뾰ͬҶǿṦ
ƭŮȥɻȻʹݡô򵥡
ߺ߹һ·ҶıΪȥ椻ֻ֣ȻװԼ֮ٿһǼڻǺڻɲҵߡԢ׵ġ
뵽ͻȻһƹ죬һݷڵԵͰЩײȻһ˵ײײܵԼǰҶһĪдһ㡭㡭㡭ղźߵӡʲô裿

Ҷе㷢£ʵ͸оԼֱײû뵽ǱԼġ
Ҷû׵ǣһȻԼߵӣһʲôϡ
꣬ղźߵòƲ2000ǰĸ裡֪ûʲôںһⲻԼϹߺߵҲˣڽֱߺ߸裬һװġƤЬƳɹʿŶΣգĪǳ˶ˣ
Ҷǣλ΢˺֮´ҶתȦһ飬ȻһǹЦźԼһ屦ͻȻƵҡҡͷ˵ʲôϧǸ֮࣡Ķ
ҿӣ
ҵ˼ˣͻȻֱͦ壬ȻһԼӻͳһƬʵһְҵˣóľǷһЩûעȻΪһԴϵķչ·ߣò߶ܲ
ҶԽԴϵĺԽ࣬Ѿһ˼ˣڵʲôûκȤ
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ԼȷȱǮӺϷƱֻܼһˣ֪ǮҪԡ˵ģûǮعУҼ֤ǮҲû䣡ԶŵĿӣɱײɱ


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ȻҪݺһһôףʲôʱȥҶĻҪúõĥĥΪ˵סһҶĻǺ˻˵绰

Ƭֻһֺһ룬֮ʲôûУļһͣǳ˽˵ĺ룬һûеġҶĿǺˣԸ⽫ԼôͿϵ
ұ֤ΪѰҵʵĸԼʵݳߡ
ҸںǺʵļ۸񣡡Ҷͷһ󣬽Ƭպþ;ֱص˹ԢС
乫Ԣÿ䣬ÿ䶼ҡһԼԡҵӦʩҶס߲㣬ھӣôŵûüԼھӼ档
عԢſڣͳԿ׽Ŵ򿪣һҶľһϤĪǾǴĳ𴦻
ȵ̧ͷȥ̨ӻ80Ӣ۴ºѩɳۿʱתͷ˹һվŲ֪ʲôʱףһﻹڲֺͣŮˣҲҪѧϰЩ桮ո
ºѩҶĻ۾ѩָָϵĻ棺ʦ֡Ȼиȫأ
ҶεЦЦȻ׸קһԣһʲôƵ
Ҷ׺ǵЦЦ⽫ص¼˹רǽƵġ
׵뷨ܼ򵥣˵йƺôϲ˵ĵӽĿôһЩйԼĽĿˣйӡǹ⼸˶Ǵ˵еġˣ㽫ԼصӾ¼˹רֺ⼸ˡ
û뵽ǣԼΪȴҶĺƣΪʱýЩ֮⣬˭뵽ôһ
ߵɳԱߣŮȻñԼʵʵģһԳȿ㣬ҲһڵסˡҶѡ²¶ȻǶ˵
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šʵϰɣҵ̸ǵĺܶ๦֣ЩӽĿе֣
ҲȥοûʲôģҶļ򵥵Ľһ£áΪ书ѾúͷۣȻҪʵ̫鷳ˣɴʹļѡһȽкʵġΪɽ˱⡣
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ҶĵĽͣŮѡ˽ܡϾҶĵܺûʲôԾĵطĪ˵ҶˣҲ֪жܵ¥˵˵Ӱ죬һѹѡһЩԼϲſ۵ԼԴϡв˻ΪĳѡԼ书·ⶼ֡
ҶĻ飬Ǿһߣûʲôˡһӵġ
һ߽ţҶһ߽ԼŮУȻĽŮ˱˻Ů˲ԾĿϣųһֺŪȥһأ
ֱʱʱȥʰǸİµסԼѷ
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ҶһҪҽУƺ㶼Һģ𣿡
գգ۾һĲеıҡҡͷף
Ҷüģ˰Ǿ£յˣ
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ҶҲҪԼŪһûǮУƱӻûˣҲҪһ󣺡ӾǮˣȴͨùϵǮһ֣ҾҪźϷļգ
ȫû⣡ظűƱֵһľͲѧո𣿡
һûûˣҶֻãͽǺҪ飬ҲŸʶû೤ʱ䣬ƷкʶȹҶϤһЩ˵
ף׵˵ͷһЩ̨Ӿ͵ӰҲпƵڣҶҪͽ۲һܾ֮ղΪͽԴʾֵ޳ɣԸıһɴԼǮҶ˵ļոŪãҲҶһ˾ҵͽˣ
ĵԽԽô£ƨƨߵ뿪ˣȻһѶѵ¼ȫǸ̨Ӿ硣
ףҶٴνԼ統УȻѩİ۽쵽һƬϸ֮ϡ
ʦ֣ǰ죡
ԼûˣʲôҶĺٺЦŵƶԼƣѩɫĵһֻ֮ѡЭڴŵȹסֻס棬ôҶռˡ
˼һŵӾ磬ʱʱһ䣺ѹʦҪţйЩ˵ĹòŶǸؤĲãʦֵĻǴѾɷĩ⾹ȻǽʮƣƲжүū澵ĹҲЩӾ硯Ķֹ𣿡
ǶǹǿĶ֣Ǽ켸ҹһֱҲûʲôӰ죬⼸ҶһֱŮ˿Ӿ磬һͿһȻûʲôӰ죬ҶѾоеƣˡ
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ȻůڻͬʱҲûռҶǺúõ˯һǼɳϿӾ硣
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˺һҶľͿ˯ŵʱѩͻȻһ䣺ʦ֡硭Щʲô
һҲûȥעϻڲŵĻ棬ҶҲһüͷ˼
ЩӣȻµҹ䣬Ҳ취˽Ļ
ȻĿǰ֪һϢҶûʲôȥͼݷһҶҲȷʷȫԼеϢ
ôˣǰû˵Ѫˡ͢Լʿ֮ĶȴǵĵȷȷЩġ
ĿǰҶǰܣǵ򣬵Լĵ
˵صԼĵֻЩںڰеԼ֪Ҳûʲôֵģǰֻһͨ˰ˡ
һ֣һƵǰԼӦ磿
һͨˣò׳ΪһжڵһͨͨСϰգҶֻ΢£;еܾԲܿǡ
ô뵽ڱ֮µǸ統У綫ʿ֮СһûӴǸȦӵӦνӴǸȦأ
ԼӡеĶʿв²ĻǶһȺһչؾͲ֪϶õϹƽʱҲô߶ȥҲܹҵЩܹͨ˲֪ǵĴڣǾʹԼֶΡ
ҲͬΪʿܹҶĲʿһ֮ˣȻ֮ʲô𣬿ɴӺ˹Ǹ˲µʿħһͿ֪϶С
ҲһЩνʿעȽϺáԼҲʡԼҴײ
ԼЩŮһ˵ѩ뻪˳˼УʱѾһƬѩ¼Ĵڲ֮Զ˳ûһȥӡ
ʦ֡ҪٽһɽɰɣѩԼĽ飬ɫŹֵһ䣺硭ûɽɰɣ
ûеģҶЦЦ漴Ͳȷּһ䣺Ӧáûаɡ
ҶشŮԣ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼôһ˾Ȼ֪ûһɡ
ҲǾԼ⵽˱ӣҶֻý͵ֻ֪䵱ɡɡüɡɵȵȣǻΪЩɾϣͨʱʱȥЩڵĵطȥ۹ΡɽɡҶͷɽʵָĲһɽǰסĹһɽͳƣǸа֮ƣǸɽɽƺ
ҶֽһЩüĶüɽԼɽ֮УɽΪɽҲûģ
ŮŵĲϰһ֪ʶҶǰֻһͨͨƽգҶʮŸմѧУҵĪˣôܣôȫã
⡭ѩ룬ʵԼʦͻȻǰ䡯ҲҲֻһµطһûĻëѾͷЩɶáԼˣҶĲûɽɣ治ʲôֵ顣
⻹㣬ҶԴ˵һü˸еͷ۵⣺ʵ⻹ʲôҲͬˡǣҪɡٺ١ɲô׵飡
ѩͻ¼Ҷģȴġ
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ҶϸĽһȨԼ֮ĶŮʶҪɣɲԭǸҸطȦʹҿô򵥡
ҪҶĶ֪Ҫ뽨ɵĻǲǻҪȥ̲Ӫҵִȥ
ʲôִգ
ƵҶĽԼͷקɾһͺưһֱСקһͷ֮ͷƤϴĴʹͻȻ뵽ʲô
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Ҷվ˼֮ĵǸոðͷ뷨
ҪάһƬȶôͿ϶ҪһЩϡŹֵڸȥǰɱһȺˣºȻûܹһȻǡ
Լ°ͣ΢΢۵ҶȷԼ뷨ҲҿԴĵĻعȻ΢΢¶һֶΣЩϲչصϲҲ֪ߣ
ĻûʲôȽѧУˣֻҪʲôʲôڿϣҲһЩ˵Ķ⡣
Ҷ֣ȷ˽һʱԼҪ飺عѧУȻ󾲴Ϲ
ôõһ׶ҲʲôӰ죬ֻҪԼס¶Ҫ̫ףͬʱĳЩ˵ľͿ˳ĴԼĿġ
˻ȥڻµ°һ£عͷʦõһڣ뵽ˣȻܽɣȽ˽ѧУҶ룬Լ鷨ⶫҲһգҲ̹򣬻Խ̵鷨͹ӾŪɽѧУ
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ŮҶĵ˼󣬾취ҲǲңѧУչĻҲֱܻΪɣѩʦֵȻǾ˫޳ɡ
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ѩһ£ʦװһӣŲҪֻǱѾת𴦵ʱʱ͵Ҷġ


006 ָı仯
ѧУĳЩ˵עĿʱȷҶҪԼõ㹻ʽ
ӣԲ
ȻǸְҵ˻ỨѶԼӣ֪һӾٱãҲ˶ǮЩ֪ܽôߣʵӱǱЮǿơ
Ҷڿûʲô֮ģҲ磬Ǹְҵ˼Ȼųְҵˣô϶ְҵ̬Լ̸Сѹۣ
ȻѾӣɴͰ׸趼׳ˣ
һӺһĸһ۸ҲԶҶȱǮô֪Ǯ»ɵֻӷϡ
⣬ԼҪʽҲ̫Ӵ󣬳һǳʮҲǳܸ߳еֱд˶ʮ׸衭ĸʣ
ûǸʣֲɣôܻửֶȻ֪ʮ׸γҪһжһѷȻдڰֽϡٺ٣ǲҶó
ⲻҶûа취ˣԼԽЩһ飬ȻǸʲô˸¼Լרҵ˲ŽӸԭڻԭӺԭûвܲҲܣǵֻʮ׸ܴ룿
ҲعѧУǮΪʱЩҲ㹻ˣ
ڿҶһߺŹ֭һߵλְҵˣԵķѾΪʮϣǸĲûг֡
㹻Уôܻɹ̫
Ӵȥ߹յͷҲϽһƬƣͬʱĿҲ٣ʱҶ˼ƺڵ̸Լ
٣Ǹ˧
ַˣݣ
ѵ˧𣿡
Ҳһ㣬֪ģǷ桭Ҳ㣡仰ЩҶĽĹӦ켰ʱ֭ȥôССĿҪһ硣
һ仰ҶĸǿЦá
ݣ֪ѾòҺ˶㿴ȥһΣ

һĬҶĶԵе⣬ʱſڽһˣǸľ˼ææΣһֱҶĲ¶ϲɫȻּææ˶档
ϵ۱ӣ㻹ûߣ
ٵСʱʮķ롭롭롭ƺΪԼ˵ҶĽǸҲ֪Nֻе
ǸǳǸʵһֱǸʱˣֻʱһЩ⣬ûнϵʽϣҲΪӿŶȣֱ˵ûҺòûͬǩ½һֶ֧ӣȺ쵰ȻˣæȥȥˣǸôãΪ˱ʾҵǸ⣬ȥԸͣ
ҶĻ˻֣˵ԶһЩ߼鷳̫࣬ڼŮ˿ҲԸܵȻݵλﵽһȻЩ߰ġ֮ǰûбҪͰ͵ܹȥΧ۵С
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Ǻðɣʼ򣬴ֱߵİȡһݺͬݵҶĵǰȿͬúôͿǩˣͬʱһ֧̽Ʊ㣡
˲ϰϴֽҪôÿҪô֧ƱҶҲ֪һ㣬ûȥǷݺͬЦ˵˾䣺ҲӦȿЩ
ҶĴӼп˵ﻳͳһֽţȻݵ˲ǰһʮţһһ׸裡
һֵĲЩֽӹȥΪҶĴڿ沢Լе֮Եе㾪ȡ
ǡ
ʮ׸ĸʣҪҲУ
ʲôȶʮӻҪò𾪵ĻôɾǶʮ׸ˣ͵ӲͬѾкʵĸĴڣζҪΪ˼򵽵ʡ
дʣ
ҶҡҡָŪһ㣡
ʲôӸ̧ͷѵЩʲдģ
ЩдģҲֻûµʱϲߺ߼䣬ĶôҲһЩԾĸ裡һЩĸʣͳôղءûѧֻܸʣ׶д
Ҷʼ򣺡Ҫ֪Щ辿ʲôĻҲ԰ŸʵĵطҽЩһȻ˽׻ԭ
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еϣһ֮;Ҳûʲô˵ġȲ˵ʮ׸ΣֻҪҪܹôĿġֻҪõ׸裬Լֵֶ֧ݳһŲʲô¡
ҶĲò뷨ɰԼԭƻ벼Լ´μʱ䣬ȻԼص˹Ԣ
ֹ˼죬˵绰֪ͨҶһж׵Ѿ¼ңֻҪҶпգô̾ͿԿʼԳ¼Ѿее㷢ŵҶȻææĸ˹ȥȻݺݵһڳˡ
ϵۣʵ̫ˣȻһôø裡ȫ󵱳İҶĵʮ׸ȫҪˡ
ôɴ·ҶҲеԾҲһ΢߿˵㣺ЩȫδһʱȽϺĸ裬һܹʶЩǺøɼȷе۹⣡
ҶĳĸңһⶼԺ֪ȵĸҲܻᳪһǵô
ǩ֧ͬƱҶ˵һ䣺ϲд˭д˭ԴҺ⣡
ΪˬԼ󷽣Ҷĺǿĵľͽʮ׸֣ʾ㲻ԼǴҲû⡣
ǲҶĻб룬ҪסһԾóʮ׸ġšڼ۸ϺǴ󷽣ͬʱŵҶĵĸȡúóɼôж׷ӱꡣ
Ҷʼ򣬶ֿͷϵĳŵ£һװԪСҶǺڻ֧ƱҪֽ𣩣ÿ׸ֻһǧѾеˣЩϣһЩдĸ50ĶУܳһʱҪΪøеġ
صԢѩͻ¾ȻֽװһӾ¼ŮѾӢ˽Ȼٻ̫졣ʱŮű׻Ĳֺѧ˵Ůǰ˼ȽϿɵĿ۵Ļƽٲü
ϥڴϣҶʼ˹
Ĺÿ춼ỺڻԼ֮⣬һɲСĳÿ춼ᱻҶĵղһֲ׳
ȥҶĲôĹҲ᲻ͣһֱһžȫյ
ʲôҶҲԼΪΪĿǰĻ£ûѹǰһȺ˼ԼвһɱеŪǿȡ
ͬʱΧԪƶҲҶ޷ֻͨͨʽԼΪֻƾ蹦ת²ͣʵ
ҲŮ˲ôżԭֻҪÿһ˯ʱ䣬ЩͻȻеûúõĴһûʲôˡԲôյĳԱ׻Ӿ硣
˹۲һųԼ֮⣬ҶĻǸǺˮôԼڣҶĶеŪʲô
ĪҲǺҵһǸۼ壿ԴϽԽԽʵ֮͸һ֣ǵݱͬʱѾٺԼմߣֱ
ͬʱҶע⵽ԼڵǺˮҲûһıСƵȵˮʧһǺӰľڣԼǺӾˡֻֻ£Ҳ֪Ҫá
ҿһųֻƾԼ꿪Ҫ
ƶԪһЩзڲھõһ̶ȶеʱ֮⣬Ҳһ޴⡣
ΪʲôǸоԼǱǸ˳ȥģȴһԪƶĵط
һѶѵҶģģǸѾɫЩԼŮһҵָ
ԴԼ֮һֱ뷽跨оָûκ˵֮Ķ˰ûзʲôͬҪٻؼûгֱ仯
·ţɺúõĹţŮ˿ӿƤһʱ᲻ϰߵķʽ͵ָ֮ԴͻȻе㲻һʾ⵽챦΢Ϲ̣
ԼڵľͺͿբĺˮһĳߣҶĻԼҪ˵ʱָֹͣͬʱһ죬һɫˮڴߵĵϡ
⡭
ҶĽˮȻ㶵ķ
еûŪô£ôξôҪĻ챦зţ
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ǾʾҶĿ˿ϵָȻϵİɫˮһԼʲŵ˹ʽ
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ղҶ˹ʱû̫еʱȻȻİĿǰҶܹʹõǿתӵ;ǺӾȻ͵ָС
ָһ⵽ǺжϳҶǻ챦ͬʱĿǰĹǿжϳĿǰʺһ㡣
ͨһ֮Ҷеİˮ˫۶ˮԭҵĹȻֻʺżİ𣿡
ͬʱ𵱳ԼΪ˱ǷԼڵĳͽָУ˱Ȱ̸˼Ǻӡ
ʱôʵ̫ȷˣǳǿҩ԰еֲ̫˰ɣ
һֳܹҶġѩͻ˶ﵽյĲΣһֳܹǺӵˮһֳûбգͬʱʱҲƲȫջĿܡ
ŵر֮
УҶһ˿ˮһ˿ϵ鼸ҪˮǽӹҶĵһһԶͬʱϵˮԽԽСҶĵнһƵİɫˮ壬ɫǺƵˮһ롣
оϵˮʧҶҲûͣǼչֱһ»ָ۷ʱ˫ۡ
һûʲô仯ֻԼеİ׹⣬һᣬһ㵭İǸӾԼȼ˰ɫĻ棬ʵ
ͬʱܹӰ̵ľиеһĸоǰ̵ԣǺҶһֳʵĸо˵챦ʮвͬҶڵڴԼʮ챦֮󣬾Ǹʲôӡ
˵ôٻأµĹֻҪ˹ʱעⲻҪʹ̺Ǻӣô߾֮еľԴ
뵽Ҷֱ̽ͬʱҲ뿴Ǹٻʱûб仯ɾûüжʱһţNYPD֪棡ŵĻҾŶˣ


007 
˫ۣҶȷһԼûʲô״ȻƵſڣ˭
NYPD㿪ţڻѲһҪɷ֮ڲҾҪŶˣ˵ҲҶλشֱӴ
ҶüͷȻѾվ׼ֵŮ˻֣ȻŽŸ򿪡Ů죬ǵԼĴűײ˻ҪޣҪǻҪ֪ͨ͹Աʵ̫鷳ˡ
㰡٣
ǰĲ⣬ȻǸһͷ𷢵ŮʱλײŵƣҶһĻҲֱײҶĻĻ±ײŻ⣬ҶڵʿɲԱߵЩǽĲ
΢е㵵Ŀһ£û뵽žȻˣΪһЩʩԼһȥͻȻѡ
ǰ֤ԼˣҶߵķ϶ܹŮڵǰɳϿŵӽĿֻʱŮ˵ĿⶼԼϡ
ŵ˼ۣȷûб֮ǹҶĴţ˺󣡾˫֣ˣ
ʼҶֱһȻİ࣬λŮҪӦÿеţĶͷԼһ㺹ա
ʵʱĲãͬµĳЦֳĪĻԼͻȻĪûͷûβְȺֵĺװһεĳ֣һжʶĲԾ
Ҳǲ˿뷨Ǿֳ˽˵һ䣺ҪٲȥˣЩ鲻һСԱӦ֪ġ
ƽ˵ֳȻò˵㣬ظһЩ˻ͦģԼľԱǳչˣԼڼ־֮ҲûٵõֳӦǰҲĻᰴվֳ˵ѡ
ϾɲֻǾôһ˵һЩصĲţϾֺ鱨ˡ
һβͬΪĸҲǣ˽ȥµֱӳ˾ֳ칫ңžֳĲʡȺ쵰ĸţFBICIAҪȥʸ
ջĽ޷⣬ƶǰЩԼһֱ׷ǸˡǳɺϣһΪṩ˸鱨ڲ鵽صĿǰڡ
ܴȻסһƽĹԢȴ˺ԡٶһ߽УȻһ£ûſ˵
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ҶĵĻشûгԤϣһƺԼмּɵ֪ǲǴԼݣԼеˡ
ҪƱˣһδҵľ԰ɣȻҲ֪ʲôͻȻܵĽҴģ
Ŷҿָݷ̰𣿡
һɤӣ֤ݣʱм¼ģ
ҶĵƤһȻɹЦݣȴѾٵת뿪̫𣿾Ȼֶˣ
˿ӦֻͨŮҶͻȻЦˣУҲǾ˰ɣ
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ҶӿǹȻߵɳԹԵû֤ݣҲûѲʹ˷̰֮⣬Կظôӣ˵ӦֱӽһǹҼеķͽУ
һֽѵĸоֻǾֻҪҵصˣôһеʶӭж⣬ڵȻԸҵˣǷһƺԼƿأǰȫϵӣһСһǹȻʮܵ󺰡١һЦ
ǸҲ᳢ſǹΪʲô˲Լеǹ
˵й˶Ṧ򣬿ǶùͿԲǹ𣿡
һʱ֮˽֣ҶֻɳϿͷϺµŮ٣ͬʱѩǺԼһ㻳ɵĿ⡪ǸоʡĪǰˣһ
ร﷢ʲô飿
һſͻȻĿһֻܾ˵СèͻȻȻԭתһٰʮȣеĸ˶׼ǸͻȻðļһ
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NYPD
һһҶɳ֧ԼգҲԻԼݵĴʻ㡭ѵǹ涨ĳ򣿡
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תͷһ£Ȼָ׵ǹ˻ΣʲôˣУŵʲôڿһļһԼϵֳӦеղҶĶǹһֽŵĶĳ嶯
ҡǼҾɻϰ壬ϵǡҶģȻһΪѵɫ
ҶֻһԼһֱȴĶֱվȻ˵ɴ˫۵Ŀ٣ֱߵ׵ԣҰɣ
ָָǸŮʵָӦǰѺɫǹ
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仰һ¾ͷ˶˲٣ŵ˫ʱҲȻϵĴӵݵҶĵҪĶˣһݣΪǵһЩõӢ֡Ҷɣ
ҶĽĶ˳Ȼһһһ飬һ߿һ߽ӢҶ˹ٷݡɯò˵ףֵˮƽĺһ㡭
ǲںӢʲôģһܹڱץСƬдʲôνġ
ʣµʲôҶķ˷ʣµһļЩһЩϣҶǹ˵ġһ˹Щܹ˳õյġٲϡˣΪյλԲ˶ϲôһ֡ȻҪҶ
ΪϵƬЩûʲôˣЦΪҶֻҪ˼꣬ȫһ֤ʱϵļտ԰󲿷ֵ鷳
ǣҪҵĴڣûȺһ﾿̸ʲô˾Ȼǰ̸ۼ֤ʵ̫Ʋˣѵǰ
Ҷ£ͷŵؿ˺ü飬ԵĿÿЩôûߣ
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ؾ֣ҶЦЦС㻹û𣿾ĺؾ֣ܹҶԻҲ㡭Ǿκһˣ
ӸղſһϵзӦѾȷҵȷһصĻһпڸеֻŵ࣬ùڰд׵Լɵʮûй¶ϢӦþȺġ
Ϊľ֪Ѷˣû뵽ͻȻ󺰵Ȼ֪࣡ңЩʲôȺֵļһ﾿ʲôˣΪʲôе֤ݶϸһϢ
ŮٵѲҶľеͷۣתͷŮȻܹЩҪ׶Ի̺ݣƻҪһʱ䡣ЩʱﲻԼ㡣
ٿף˸ȻԼģھԼǱڶĸˣԵЩɵֵֻĻûж㵽ԼһҶĺ⡣
ףȽŹϰɣھӿ鷳
ڷԸһ£ҶߵȻָŶĿλɣ٣Ȼ㲻Ը뿪ôǿģ
СҶĵĶ棬ϵĸвɿҶЦЦΪ֤Ժ˵һеʵԣҾбҪ㿴һЩ
˵꣬Ҷһ̧һץĶǱ˾ǿСƬһӿз˳ȥȻҶԼĪİתţֶ˵ûκεв
ʵֻҪһͷУҪʲôֻΪ˵˼͡
ŵĿȥһŵҶƯŵǹȻ˿Լŵ֣ԼĴȺȷԼҲۻϵ۰ѵǳߣ
ҶüͻȻҪһʲôڹ֮ĶǽҲףֻѡ˷ô⣬ֻҪҾ߱ͨ˲߱Ϳˣ
㶵ĵ˵ͷ۾ʼû뿪ҶϵǱǹȻÿһתǹϵһǹһƯڰУǵеάһʵзʵ档
һϣҶջԼ֡ǹ㲻ʲôԼĹԽԽڣܶǰ飬ԼԽԽǿᣬͬʱٿҲǵܱȡǹĹ죿ǰǹûǵԼղ
ðɣʲôҶ̯̯֣˵֪Ķ٣ֻ֪ܽһи㣬뱣֤ԺҪң
˵ͷʵʱûȫعķӦ㹻죬ϵԼİΣԺܿľͻָ˳̬֪Щһʬ徿
Щˡŷ޵ˣ
˲񻰹ôܡ
ҶûлشֻǱż̬ǲκεĽ͵ӣֻڽԼ֪ĸ߸
ЩŮûмԼĻǼԼ⣺ǼȻŷ޵ˣΪʲôҪ
ŷ޵ҲһҪŷޣͱ˵Ҳû涨ֻ޴ţ
ʾףҲ˵ЩʵҲڵܵģĻôܣǵӡ
ӦÿһЩӰС˵ɣǿԱ˵ӵģ޷жϳǲʲôҲͬԼݵĹأ
üͷȻ֪ҶһڿЦʵЦΪʼ˼Ⱥ˵ѵȺһҲ˻Ƶļһ
ЩԽԽͷۣҪǰǼӣǰ췢һ׮ɱ˰֪𣿾Լĸĵط
ҶüͷʲôϵֻҪıףҶĲ֪
ʱȴͻȻŶŶǸҧ·˵İ˵ǸƯŮѧǿϧ˵ʱӺֲܿͺһ˵ľһҺþ콫ǸӸУҶҳš
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Ҷ֣һʱ䲻ǴӦӦͻȻһ䣺Ҹ磿粻ǽп˹ɡ
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008 ̤;ɣߣ
ҶĵĻȻֻǺӿһЩҶĻȷǸνҧ˷ӦþǸ˾ͬһС˵ͬһӰƷֵѪˡ
׵ĻҲ֤ʵҶĵĲ²⣺ȫľһеˮֶˣ֪̺ˮĲ־ѪҺһҶĺ棬ǾԼӡеѪȻҲѪ˵Ǻûײеֱӽɸʬİɣ඼ûʲô״ȫѪҺɶȫˮ֡
ѵһ˵Ѫ
Ҷ޷ȷҲֻһΣѪʲôľ֪ʵ̫ңԶзḻС˵ʵеѪͱС˵еһ
ЩҶĸӺǡ
ĸĽп˹׵·ƶ£һȤɺϡһãп˹ýпҲûʲôΪǺƽ֡ƫƫãһ׵·ƶ£һжϵһʱѲǷȥ룺ϧ㲻Ǻ췢ҲԿǽԼͷɫһȻٰβ
ϵıѿڸʻλҶĺһҲǸĦеŮҲûкʲôɥʬս㲻ҪһϷǿеİҵϣOK
Ҷʼ򣺡OKֻҾĻܻƯһЩ
ƳһҶģȻעǰ棺ںҴڨ𣿡ͻȻЦһ£Ҽǵøղ㹫ԢŮһŮѰɣ
ҶЦЦҵӣ
ͲһȥӣҶļۣһҶֻרעų棬֪Ϲһ˿΢Цһַ΢ЦͺһⱲҸʱһ
һӰֻںʱʱߺȻһžRAPĳ˭Ҳ֪ʲôֻʱʱĳĳЩFԼBͷĵжϣԲʲôڻĸ
ҲͻȻĻÿע⵽ԼǸˣͨӾľÿһ㡭ɲԲҪһֱǸһ
MP5׻ڻԴƬ̲ŷӦںԼ˵٣٣Ҫȥһǳֲ¼ұЮһЩȷȫĶɸȨҲгǹ֤
ɿɲƽЮԶϵǸһһΥƷԼ̫ѨеʹʼԼѡ񾿾ǶԻǴ
׳˳ԼеMP5ʼ򣺡˭⣿
⣡ŭʼ𽥵ıҲҶºͶ޺ıŵһһ㡯
ˣһֻҪڳˣ³Ȼû˿һﵽߣҲʲô鷳˵ʵִҪκϵʱ򣬾ע˴鷳
ͣ£ٶעҶļᶨ˵˾䣺ҲڣȻװõĸǹź³
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ҶĶſڵ˵һڳϵţ˭ͼĿϵļһͻͻĳŲִ
ϲʣİɣ˭һͻͻǣԵú˷ܣǰӺ˳MP5һĶŪĿһ죬ȻͱǹΡ
ӳҶ׷һСӿڵȴĿ߽һƬڣƲСӡ
˺ܶñܵӰ߷Χ⣬ҲֻεͷȻһһǰߣֱ˺һͻȻڶҶ˵˾䣺ĵطǰ棡
һڣͻȻҶɫϾĳһƣô˵һ䣺ˣ
ǳԾҶηǰ˵ģΪǸطҪǰתһȻܿԼҶվλǾԲܿġ뷢ʣҶЩֶΣҲһƾһЩֵֶβأ
ʵҲûʲôҶֻƾǿһЩϸ΢ĶǸû´ĻӦƤЬ΢ĦͬʱҶĻԼԼǰоһԼϤͬ󲨶һůĸо
ʰȺ˵ʱҶľͷΪԪƶԵʣȺϵֹ׺ϢǳԣԼſܹоĵ̺һֹ
ҶĲ²ΪԪձƶЩӵѪͳ̺ԵøԺͻأһƬֽϳһЩɫİߵһһӾͿԽ˷֡
ΪȷԼжϣҶ»ºѩõĴҲ࣬ŮĸоûôǿңҲΪԼĹЩȽС
ǰǸ֪ʲô̺ǸϵҶĽȻͬĸоҪҶһϤĴݵĻʵľǣʥ⣿
ѵʥʿ
ûüǰȥѾǹ˳ȥȻǹһNYPD
Ҷͷ㣬һɣȻߵߣ̧ǸӺڰĺͬһƣһ˧ľ춯أһͷɫվһЦɫŵĿ
һеģʾĳƺԾ˾¶һ⵽ԴϹ˫۵ЦݣŮ٣㲻ҪᣬֻһοͰˣ
ʱҶĳ˿󣬶һ˲䣬ҶĿԺԵĿǸֵһ˲ͫ͵һһ޷ŵ´ҶĺüΡҶĵĳȫ֮С
˻һȫûע⵽ԼѾб˵ĿЦעصԼϣοֺͣڲС𣿡Ҷ˵Ǿ䡮ŷ޵ˣ׷һ䣺ŷˣ
ˣɫëŵ˸ҽܣҽɣޡ˹Ů٣ԸΪҵΪĽ֮ͣǰȽϵ𣿡
ûĽ֮ǰǲὫģɲԸô׾ͱƭȻĵﻳԼϵһǲܶԶǸһáҶĿԵֹĻ
˹ʼһεӣðɣȻҺܲ˵Ϊ֤ҲʲôɵļһҲòԼոĶ˵
˿ĭȻ˫ֲԾս˼еĸˡ
ҡʲźȵʵ̫ˣûй䣬ֻѰһƫƧܹ
ˣİɣޡ˹׾ӵЦǲҪˣȥĻ㽲Ҳи
һֱԱ߿ϷҶʵڿȥˣȺһԼŷḻľ飬ÿ֪Ҫĥ䵽ʲôʱ
֪ղѾôãûзʲôѪˣ
˹ı΢һ仯ǴϿȥһЦеģλǲǺȶˣ
ŶҶļһǲײĲԸ֪ʵʵĿ²ܴõʲôõĶǲ˵ģɢǺҹĴһ貶Ŀʵǽ˺Բȥ߸˹ԽһΪžͰľʾǵܵոշӵֳ⣡
ΪոշʾʾҲҪϵʱֺڰǺ飬в۾Ϲôӵĵز
˵ˡҸղźȵĶ˵㣡˹ûгϣı鿪ʼҶĵĿǾ衣
Ҷļһʼղ˵ʵҲüϻֱһ֣һɫγɣԼ͸¶һɫ⣬ͬʱһɫƣð̾ʹ
̾ŹΪ͡ʱʹ֮ɢȻƽжĸ˹۾һɣ͵ĺڿһļƣʿⶫĪǾνķ𣿡
Ҷû뵽ԼȻ˵˷ûͣһתİһͷ룬˹Ȥ˵ʵˣȻָָԵĿٲ˵ʵĻλŮپͻὫ㵱˻Ѫʲôģ㷢𹥻
˵ҶĻܲĵ׷һ䣺ȻЩκεáŶΨһþǽŮٽԼС͵
˹ҶġҶǶʱתĸѸͬʱųһɫĹâո˹⣬Ѿʱǳ͵Ĺ
֪׻һĶжܹĸоɢǿƣ϶ԷƺԼͬĿģûбҪȥһǿǱѡ
ðɺðɣ˵ʵŷ޽͢ʥʿΪҪִУ
ʥʿһԴˮȻҶġ
ûȥܿҶһ﾿ʲôѵҲȺһҾݶƸ˹Ҷһ䣺ʲô񣿡
׷ڰʦǵµ˾ʲôıпܵĻֱӽɱ˹ԼûаҲҲڴʲô⡣
ڰʦ
ҶĺͿһۣеϣΪһѪֻǿܷܲǸɱ˷дϢѰһЩʲôôҲû뵽ֳһڰʦ
˵ŷ޵ôֲģˡѪн͢⣬ʲôҶڶЩǱںڰеȫûʲô˽⣬һʥʿúѯһ¿ɾ̫׳ˡ
˹ɲ֪ҶĴʲộֻ˵ʿһ㶼Ҫ磬ҪѧһЩǿļȴҪܶܶʱ䣬ѧϼ궼пܡһеĶʿҲٶȤԿҶĲŷ޵˿⡣
ʵҲûʲôˣνѪһ壬ȻӴȴܸӡڰʦеĶߣǽԼԼ궼׸˶ħһɾ޴ĿֻԼ˺һȺԼѪҪͷ۵ļһ
Ӹ˹Ľ˵ҶĿԵ֪ŷ޵ֲܼ򵥣Ȼʱ͢ڲǸʲôʱ͵һˡѪһȺôڲҲҲзΨһľǺڰʦڣһȺΪ˸еӦԡ
˹ִµĽһЩµ˵飬ֽ˽Լղŵķ֡
򵥵˵һоħķܵȻڸһǳǳµʵ飡ôûɣҶֲֻͣضȥǶ΢΢ɢŹâİɫһƵּȥôǸʲôӵʵ飿
˹һһҶĿɿڴĴ𰸣аļһڳħһͨ˱Ѫ
⡭ɹʲôôҶû뵽ô𰸣еһĪǳԱ˳ŵģ
˹ȴһࣺͿԽԼһոµѪȺ峤޾ͬʱԺƵԼȺ󡭡˹һе඼Լĳ񣡡
ȥһ߱ǳ׼ħģ尡ӿɲߣҶĶȤⲻҲȤ
ԵĿƺ˿ûв龿жôΣգбŮٻȭͷһԲаļһóѣ
˹һһͬȭûԲóѣ
Ҷģ


009 RPGĵʿ
븥˹ȷѹϵǹ¾ֻҶĻвͣİǶɫû˱ʾΪǰɫǡÿһãǼ˱鿴ֳûʲôģеȻȺһƬҪõĶࡣ
ʵѾûʲôҵˣеȺֵĺѾܹҵһжߣûκõĶ
һʼҪҶѰͨҶҵȺˣ뷨Ѿȷвͨġ
ҶȴӸ˹֪˵ϵȺһǸ˹ɫȴֹŹ֣ŷ޽֧͢ȻһЩϵʱʱҲһЩ˵ʵ˫Ĺϵãǡ
Ҷ̧ͷȴѾһЩ𰸡
Ȼ˾˵һεû֪ͨ棬εģһжֻڰнУ֪ͨٷôƾɲˣ
ΪʲôԸ͸¶֪е㲻ףȻǸ˹ΪʲôԸ֪ͨԼأ
Ҷйؼ¶һЦݣҪ֣
û˹ϵĺʹ죺ڰʦµ˵ʵǰǿҲֲˣҴоĺڰϢŷʱоıȫͬεµģ
ڰϢҶվ֮һֱҪûʲôڰϢȴ޹ʥʿȴջĪǡ
Ѿʥ⾻ˣЩڰϢҲǺΣյģһЩʵ˻Թ˺ʥʿһͻЩڰϢҲܸоڵʥĹϵ
˹ҶܹԼʥʿݣԼղʩչľɢǿʥϢʵ벻ǰηԼݡ
ҶĺٺٵЦûннͣûи߸˹ʥʿƺԼصĺܺãǶ˵˹һŵԴſصĳŵݣ̺ʥϢûκĳҶĵС
֪ĸ˹ߵĽԼĻȥ˽һѰæģȥŷ޽һίеʱ˼ֽ飬һǡܰæ
˵˹ͻȻתͷ˿ҶģҲǸˣǸǸʿӦô˵ģ
ʿȻѾ֪ȷ޵˵Ĵڣζûϵи޵ͬסڸ
Ҳ˻֪һЩ飿ܹ֪һЩ飡
뵽ҶĶڸ˹ȤͲ̾ø˹ȥˣоȻ̧ͷ˿ɫ˵һ䣺̫ˣȻȥϢһȥɣǸһǺ˴ŵģϣ

ʾû飬ȻҲҪһ㽫ҵԼĸ磬Ǻܶ鲻żеģοȫǰİȫûκοɱԣֻѡӡרҵʿ
ŷ޽͢ʥʿɾǿеרҵʿһͬǸ֮⣬Լʶ̬ϵÿ׽ƱͶҶģصĶ˸İȫ̫ͣʱоһ˵Σա
С˹ʾԼҪؾƵ꣬ҶҪؼԼţֻȽ˹ߣȻٽҶͻعԢ·ٽѾ˯Ժ׸³
ΨһҶǣҪҶĵļԸһҹΪ˻صԢʱѾ賿ʱڻؼҵĻϢѾ
ɳǱͷˣףиΣһԵ˿֮ҶֱתŹϣһ졣
ûʿȵĶˣŽƵķŻ˻ȭͷȻ޷޵ߵɳ̺ãѾƣ嶪ȥ
صԷҶûֱϢǼ򵥵Ĵһ£ȻŽ͵ָϣõϢеơ
´ʹûҪȴ¡
˸ȴʱ䶼ˣ
µʱҶ൱һʱﶼ޷ڴָõκζԭһʮؼĸָ߲˵ͲһΨһֵø˵ľؼ࣬ҶĲΪԼܵõһ书еġ
յõ̵ľ飬ֻҪԼû챦ôָͿԸ׵ĺĻȫԽһ׻챦Ҫƾ翵ԼԽʮˮٻ
ɻǲ֪ԼܹٻʲôǬǱʲô
ҪǴӹ˵ܵľǬǵҵĹҶĵĵԼɲʲô׹Ҳָһ齱ķʽǺʵĻãʵĿɾҪˣϾָɲһһٻˣ
ۣѩ˫ڴԼİĵطе㲻ӦҶĽȥԲǰǼһתȥδ֪Σգ΢е㵣ġ
ȻҶĵ书ǿᣬɲϤǸˣֵĹһѪħ˶ԼǰĲһǺڵĺ͸ú̿һǽ𷢱ۡڷ۵ȻҲУòȴźܴĲ졣
ѩԱߣὫӵ˻Ҷʦõļ򣺡֪е㵣ģûµģЩ߰ĲЩС֣ʦҷɽһȫữһң
ţѩûлشֻǿĸһЩ
书ˣ
ҶЩѩſڣҸоڵĽƺҪʵʣھƺԽԽˣʱĵĹȴú٣Ҳʹ򽣾أ
Ǹʵǿᣬѩǹ֮νһǧΪǻصԭ磬Ǿǿ˭˳۾Ϳ򽣾ԼҲʲô飬ǿԺߵĳǿߡѩΨһȱǾ̫㹦߾ȴ˶֡
Ҷ룬Щ˰ѪʲôȻͨҪǿ࣬Լȴûʲô֮ʦʰʰЩһҲܼٶЩδ֪Ŀ־С
Ҫһȥ
𣿡ѩ΢΢ŤŤӣЩ·ҪҴЩ·𣿡
ҶһѩĶͷѵҪһӶڷ𣿶㴩Щ·ܺÿģ
ȻҶҲܽ¶·ԼŮ˴·һͨţпһŮʿ£һ˫˶Ь˾ԿЩӦÿĶ
ڶ֮ѩʹһ׳˵ǰ
¿˿֮Ҳȥһײ·ֻҪѩһ㣬ŵһTֻǰǸHELLO-KITTYҶе̿ס
ҶĴŮһŵΪе㲻Ҷһ仰͸˻ȥκһвʱ򶼱ã
ȻҶĵ۷ǳĲŮٳ˱֮ûκΰ취ȥΪŮԼ˵ʵ֮ѩ֮һָ̧ͽ뼸ʮԶһСõȻԼֵ
ڳϸǸд˸绰Լ˽棬Ůһ·Ŀų˵һֱ˵ط˵һ䣺ˣ
˹վڲԶ֮ͣ󼸸˲н˽֡еԭ򲢲˽ֲܽǸ˹ߵ·ȫƫƧС·߹հŤľͺʱԹһֱ˰Сʱ˲ͣһҺصĵſڡ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿ƣǹе꣡һһɵʸ˹ȷǸʿѾס
˹ԼϵֽһɣǵǸƺ󷴶ˣ˵ǰһԼҴ˵طĻôڿȷˣûҴ
ǹĵʿ
һ˽ȥȻڹ̨˯һ¾¶һ׵һЦݣӭ٣RPGAKM4ԼM16ֻ벻û򲻵
Ц۾гһߣûп˶ֻϰԵԹԽ
Ѿ𾪵ĿɿڴĿ١һ󴮵Υסˣ˹ֵҪĶ࣬Цеߵ˹̨ǰǸ˵˾䣺սѰɣˣ
˭ɣޣһԼ۾ǰЦе֮һ̱һӡͺϲ̵ĳŵȴԵ˹ʺһĳôˣ
ģôдսѵ𣿡
ʺսѣ㣬ѾΪӵ֮һǲ鷳˴ҿĶƺΪRPGװ
ѩҶĶһ˵Ҹôо񣿡
Ҳò񡭡ûϵ־УҶѾRPG˼ϣѾʼ׼ǹϰ壬ϵŮ˶㵽һԣǶ㿪㿴ȫ
˹ȴʲôҲûһֻЦ˵˾䣺Ļĵ̣
ӵĵͷҪһ飬һΣ˴˱գѾֻҪ°ťôͻᷢ䣬Ȼ뿪Ͳһ˲ͻڸ˹Цĺܼϡ
֪ģⶫûã
ΪõͨĻѾרкʥķ䣡ƵĻǰ͢ʥʿһͨûκ𣡡˵ĴЦע⵽ԶվżˣҿӻԼͬ
ͣ˿Ķ˶Ҷļ˾䣺ǸСֵöԶ㣬ʰкǣ
ʱѾ˵ĿڻعæڣæģΪһڰʦ
ڰʦŦԼ˺ڰʦƤһֹ˷򣬲ҽͲ·ŵһԣ㡭ƺֻǸͨ˰ɣ
ƣ˵Լһ죬ԼȺеȷһͨɣֻƵĵ˵ͷ
ҸĽ飬ԶԶģͨǵȺ̬ɲκεĺ³
ҵĸʧˣܿܺͺڰʦйأ
ôͻȥΪĸɣ֮κ飡˸Լ˸̣ȻվһѵĻǹмΪÿԽһ¡
˹ƹֹ̨˵ĻҪİ鷳
꣡е۶û˹ֱΪʵʵ⣺ֲܹһεʧ̸
˹ָнų̀ϵĲ˵ڰʦǸԣļһܹ˳ǸһЩƲ30%
50%̸
˹룬׼ͷͬ⣬ҶʱͻȻڣôѵΪһӦͶ
ҶҲߵ˹̨ǰ棬ڻȱѧУʽ˵еҪһ޽ԼɽѧУһοûʦϸͶʣֻԼ취
㣿ƣЩʲôЩֱҶƮ˹ȥЩȴǱסһҶĵǰۼһţȻƵƮһԣҶĵ¶˳
ѵ㲻֪ǲòΪ𣿡ҶָһǸ˵̶ϵֻʣһƨϣĲ˼мĲ̨ϡ
⡭ǡ죬ҴƨҲȴ˿ûзһ𾪵ĴǰҶġ


010 Ҷǰ
ţ뿪ˮ㣬䵽˹̨Ҳûȥᣬ𾪵ʣλֵܡԣλǰ֪ǰʦǺźɣ
ɽҶģҶ΢ЦŽһԼԼֶ뿴羿ûɽɣеĻеúһ£ǰǸ̲Ǵ򵹣ܹǵðõϡ
ֻʿüͷһᣬֻÿͿĴһ䣺ˡ֪δǰʦţǡǹ㶫ŵź㣬ʲŶеǰ֣
źȻֻڵŵӣҲ֪һЩѰ˲֪顣ԶȫǱںڰеһһǿͬʱԼƬϣҲ಻˼ڡ
ʦеֻеһڵػЩҪõн磬ǿɾ㲻ʲôˡ
ȻûмнǰҲڵһЩ֪һԵĲ֪ļǵܹʹĶһʹҲˣܹͽóģһΪԳ֮ΪֲˣҲ˼Ϲھûһ˿־ͷųһ
뵽źĳƺ΢£ҸԹǰ֪ôܵˣһּϼһﶼǸڷУܵġΪȻܳȴҲ޾Ԫ
ν棬Ķǳ˼꣬˭ҲһΪô뿪磬ԶŬкøһҲԼһЩ
ǰλܷųһᣬĪĸǰгɣĳѹغɢˣ
̧ȥŮӣŮȻûʲô𣬵Ǿ̧һЩȴ͸¶һЩϰߣŮЩӦı֣ԼĲ²Խû
̶̼ӾʹֵΪǰֱǰҶҲûнͣȻΪΪǿ߶ϹҲװһδ⣡
⣬źû˵ɽɶ˵ҲһϢҲ粢ûɽš
ҾɽУĴתԺҽԭнɣҶĿź㻹վڹ̨ԼǷͻ˻ֱ֣˵
ǣƾǰԸ
źԴ΢΢Գһ㺹գе㵣Լʲŵлλǰ죬͵ۿ˼ΣҶʼЦе΢˵ġ
ǰǰȻһ㣬Ķˡ
΢΢˿źֱߵſڽһأͬʱϹŵӣһĶǰȥԺȱ裡
ʱҶƺ˵ɽŵĸоͦء˫ֵת˺Ժ·ֻȵĻԻΪһ˹Ϳڶɵˣʶʥʿʱ׹ԼοܽύһнĴʱҲһԲԹԵĸں档
뵽ãҶķװκͰȫǰйʱϰƵģźλ֮ϺҶҲ˻ָԱߵλõһͬ
չʱϰ׷ϲյ֮ҶĶźƶǰӣһ֪˶õϹΪ̧ĺܶදͺͱеЩʦһģһȻɾԲװġ
ѩͻ¶Щϰ߶˽⣬˹ҲһЩֻп۾żˣǸûбȴֵĲ豭֪졣
ֱʱ򣬸˹´ûµĶˣ۾Ҳʼתתȥ֪Ѱ˼ʲô
źҶĺһ֮󣬾ͺҶ̸֪ǰν£
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ţźеͷԣܹ֮Ǯ򵽣ɽɵǰҪǮǸʲô
Ҷļе㲻⣬Ϳڵ⿪һѧУﱾ֮
Ŷ
ô˵źˣⲢʲôϡ顣Ī˵ˣЩ֪䵱ü֣ļҲЩҵΪʲôΪԼϾнҲҪɣֺ֮ٻãȻҪͣɸ߽Ȧӡ
ԣͨɽһЩеĲҵȻѡʳڵ̤еżձѡ
ЩɣҲһЩСɻῪһЩݻУ֮ģҲ߸ɴĳЩɽͷԼҵĵЩû׼Ǹиҵ·
ź㣬ѧʱ̰жûϣֻܵɽϵĵȥӣͻЩƽ֮Ķ׬Ǯ
ʱû뵽ԼӭһԵʱһ۵ϵʿУ˺ɽڡֻ̰˸ĻԵֻһŵӣѧϰķ֮ЩһֱΪ¡
ȻЩ⻰ܹ˵ɶиɵӵֶΣѧУ֮Ҳ㲻ʲôϡ顣Ψһ鷳ľҪ˴򽻵ҪǮơ
˿ҶģλǰҲǸˣɽ֮ûɵֱƾͿѧУǵתת׼ж
ĻֻҪǰԸ֣ǸʲӺڰʦΪ壬ͬʱõսƷָλλǰҲʲô¡ܺǰһЩϵ˵Ҳһ¡
ǰһָԼһôѾͣͺܾõΪܹڽһʦźҲͿʦǽԼսŵˡ
źЩҶĲԭУʲôϡ֡䵱ЩнҲǴɵĴҲͨУѰҳɫĵӣôҲ֤Լķʽûд
˶뵽ҶҪͨ˵Ƚ㹻֮Ȼ͸н硪֮⣬ʵ벻õķˣѲһͷнȻٻͷǵӵΪ⣿
ź˼䣬ȻֻǺ٩һҲԭнУûɢޣеʿɸССģԼԭǸһԼŬΪһ֣Ｘǲܵ顣
ʵʣѵ⼸ûһΪĪԵнĶǻͷ룬ԭųмǧʷԭٴ󣬿չҲޱ޼ʵĴڣжŵرؼҲͱǰ˻ˣĻֵĵڵȥң
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뵽ЩҶľͽԼĻ˻ȥοжеʿΣڻڵûɵˣҪôһЩΪǿϲҪôΪǿġǡһЩ˶ܹսӵģԼѧУǷǰ첻ɣɽţҲղӡ
ģҶ֪һЦõ顣
Ȼû˵ǰɣĴƬҲ֮УɽѧУɽѧУѧУûһҲаʮ⻹Ǳص˵ΪЩѧУеġЩȽƫƧ֮أԶ˶֪ѧУǸ֪жˡ
ҶĵͷȲ裬ͷȴеƣû뵽ԼȴôͷۣҪҲԲɽ
˭۵ɸĽɽأֻӰȴȥҶĽյ£ŵĵһͷǣ
ȰԼȻźýѧУ
˵ô˵νԼŪȴһС⣬ȻҶ˵ַԼһҹЩҪô̡̫ͨҶعѧУûа
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˭Ҳû뵽⻰ôͻȻǸڰʦˣ˳ԾҶͷӦúܴһھȻǮ
źҲǰƺе㲻һԼЩʦ͵ƵأҶеǮҲûʲôȤǶͺֽƬһ޶λܱԼʦҪϵǰڱտڶǮ
˼һҪҪôǮĶҲ͵ڰʦǶƽʱҲϰͨоס͸оҪʽһЩԼʵ鳡أϺڰʦͨûʲôǣкܶ취Ը㵽ʽԡ
ˣҶĵ˵ͷ漴ȷǸµ˵ļһĲƲԼһҪõ൱һΪʽ
ôǻ취һҵɣ
˵⣬˹ŲڣղһֱͺһһҪҶźĻҲ岻졣Ƕ˵Ҳûջ֪һЩصĶн顣
ʵ˹ȥ½תһˣ΢ƾֻ֪ŷȥԲŻЩ飬ڶн˾֪飬ҶҲһСɵŵӴˡ
˵ڰʦĲ֮أ˶˶ԲߣԼȥ뾳Լɽ¼ϣԴⷽҵһЩ֮ȻŲ顣
ǰֲ鷨ȵҵʱͿֱӰˣ
˵ԣǰֶһŲ飬ʵǲ֪Ҫҵʲôʱʱź˵ҵи̵ܹʱҵǸڰʦֻҵΪȴ޷ʩչ
ҶļźԼһԼæͷʵʲô
ʵֻһСҵΪҲܹѰΧ뾶һ׵ķΧˣǰΪ
Ҳû˵ΪźҲ֪Ҷʩչܹ̽ѰķΧ
鷳𣿡ҶҲе㶯ģֻԼϰɵܴܲʹ
ֻźЦЦӻͳһŷһ㶼鷳ѻǵﳤӮģϱڱȽ֪ķ֮һˣֻҪִ˷Ȼض˹ôͿԽԼʩų⣬ѰԼҪҵ˻һ˵ҺڰʦĻѰҺڰϢŨĵطûȽǰȻҸط
û˵꣬ź͵ĿǰŷҶġǷʱѾȼյٶȴı̻Ҫ࣬ϸƲѾ
ŷѾǰλǰȻﶼûʹ˷ʵǲܣһǳ̵ԹҪ󿰳ƿֲͬʱʹõ˹ԽȼյԽźãûӾչˡ
ֻҶһŷ۲˵źΪֹ˾ôű۵Ҷġ
Ƭֻ֮Ҷ˫ۣеķȻֹͣȼգʱŷյһǰˡ
ҶнӹźֻһͳԾĺһɤӣôܣȴǲеȻδģ֤ŷʹãµûʲôͬʱҲʲҶʹ·ʱȫӵе
⻹ʲôҶһ仰ŵĳﵽӵȥڽһо˷ǳŨĺڰϢǾǺڰʦĲ֮׼׼ͳɡ
⡭źѾ֪˵ʲôˣֻܹźλ֪׻˶õǰ


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ĵطҶ˵Ǹľɲ֪жٸһˣźֻεĲ˲ȻλǰĹʾ塣
ǰҪϢһ£
źĲ²⣬ȻλеƲǳǰǿᣬһĹʹ׷һԼɢôķΧû˵ĸȻľ޴ԺָλǰֶܹԸǸڰʦأϢһ»ָһ¹
ϵҶĸû£Ļ˻֣ûʲôƬ̾ͻָˣ

źѾûʲô˵ˣְԼ֪һЩʶȥƲλǰʵһ׳յΪɴתͷ˵˾䣺ȻǾ׼׼ɣ
˵;ֱת˺棬ʱ˰æ̧һԼĪĳ˻
ҶĿźȥƬ̾ͻȴûгʱڻǸʹ
ʵϣҶõʱ򲢲֪ӦôڵȴźĽأֻʹ̽һ£ΪȷԼܹܲʹܵĻԼװװɵƣ
ûϵǣԼһӴͻȻʹҶľ͸оԼĸо޵ķɢеԼʹоΧΣһθоķΧ;ȶԼҪǿࡣ
ܿ죬ͷŦԼԼ̽£ͿʼѰڰϢΪŨĵط
ڸͷ˼ЩطĺڰϢŨңмʮֵ΢һһΪǿᣬǹŨҵĺڰϢҶĶе㾪ȡͬʱԼ̽ѰȥʱǹɺڰϢƺȻ͵࣬ԼڸϢʮУҲĻΪղŵĸоԼĴˡ
ãˣ
ôСĽ϶Ҫ飬Ҷһ¾϶طǸµ˵ĺڰʦڡ
ҶĹ۲ΧĵαջԼָоͻȻеȴǵһ㡣
ͦ˼ķ
ҶʵڰҲڹ۲Լʹʱ򣬷еʹõģҲûʹ÷бȫԼ߶ԭֻܹзʽе֪ŷʹ÷š
˵ʵҶĽзʽҪƾʩչŷҪ⻹ܶ࣬һ֤һɹ˭֪ǷֽɰдǲǷıҪ
ģҶ˵ԺԲƣΪԼܹŷǵøһЩźڻָ
λվҶһˣȺ˴ʱΧǸԱߣźָĶŽܡ
ʽԶϵװΪҿ˵õеװǶҵ
˵ŻһM16ǹźǵĽеԶǹĿǰڽвԵM16ϵе¸ĽM16A4Ҳ˵ûʽװ²Ʒ
źЦݿеǷ⣬ͷֳ˿֮⣬˶һȻĿͺڿһڷС
֪˵Щڶţ٣ź㽫еŵһԣȻȡ˼ⵯ˵ʵʵİɣ⼸һЩⵯͨ˵ܻȲһⵯΪⲻκһ˸еʣ
ѵⵯųʥ⣿
ոߵźҶһźе㾪ȣǰȻȻµˡ
ҶָָⵯϵģΪдʥ⡭
źε漴ͽ¶һԣÿ˴ϼöһǶԸڰʦڰʦ඼һЩūۺڰĺħǸһ»ǱˣܹһЩã
ִȡ˼֮εķԼûеطЩ
˹ʼ򣺡ⶫ˵ûã̧ͷź㣺ϻƣ֪Ҫʲôļһ
źûƳһۣԺ˵ȼ¶βߣھǹ6Ȼӵ٣ǿᲢұǹһŵ㡪ǣ
ɫǹаŪ˼£źٺٵЦЦҲҵ
֪ΪĳǳԼΪľţϲǹЩǲҪ˵ˣ˹ȷźˣϲŪִźʵйϤ
ЩǰϢϴαӵʧ֮Һúõķ˼һԶǹһЩĶ
˵ָָľƵձϺõĹľǹڲһ׷ǳӵķǹڲҲ̻ǹѾԭϵͨǹˣһѾħķ
Ŷ
һθ˹ȤΪźɺǰһֻǽӵ棬һ￪ʼǹˡ粻ûƵĳԣЧֻһ㣬޷ͶͲ޷⣬ѲŻһѾ߱ħִǻ֤ᱻ𻵣絥ħӵʡʵá
֪һ﾿ʲôĶ˹ʱ˫ðĹâԽ˱ᡣ
ڸоԼӵźٺЦЦ˶ϵ˿䱸رķӵ֮⣬¶β߻Դʹȡ촿ӵĻζֻҪʹ㹻ôӵ޵ĵҩӻ
лаרſһкڰаԸڰʱЧǽ͢ʥ޼ӵ̺ӣ
˵֮̾˿ǹٿϼٷӵĳٸߣϧǹͻˣ
˹ЦЦ֪ǲǴҶĸоһƺеʧ
ԭźЩ仯͢ͳԹˣĿǰ͢ʹб¶ظøаǹе˹ΪԴźõڿԼ̫ˡ
ź㲢ûЩָָֻһѵӵЩȫǿзӵͨǹʹЩӵҲܹЩڰ˺żһ֣Ѫͣã
Ķģ֪ԼֻһͨˣҪԸЩ˵еĹǸûκʤ㡪
һϴŵĸȡ˳ҽӵ˳˷ӵ
û뵽źķǳܵһǹ̾Ͷ˷ԸһʮѾװ˷ӵĸǹоͳ˿ǰ
ллܸˣοź㻹Ϊ׼׵װǹԼʥǹϡ
λǰҪҪһߣҶǰҶһŮӣСҲܵԼˣźǳĿ
ѩźѯЦҡҡͷЩȫ˽⣬õлһשá
źѩͻ¶ҡͷҲȥˣֻԹԵΪԼװҩȻǱM16A4Ҳ׼ã񵯷װǹ档
ţҸоӸҪȥж
ҾҪȥĵطжΣնˣźû̧ͷֻǽһԼϹңʱǰҶҲµתתȥóһɫĲ92FͬʱǳװӵȻš
͸Σ
ΪмϲǹģҶȻЩǲϲǰЩӵõǰѲСıŪˣµĴ档
ǰϲȥСǰң
Щ𣿡ҶĿ˿һѷӵÿӵ϶еһѷһԼоһµϢ
ϲĵһЩϡŹֵĶϲǹʲôģʦѧķҲЩ棡źԼһνһǹϿϷܹӴСӵʱ򣬽̵ԼλʦɫŤʲôƵأÿЦĳ嶯
ʵϣЩ棬ñԭûֽɰʹЧãֻǡҸϲˣҲûٱѵ⣡
Ҷź㣬оԼ뷨ͬıУοһ䣺϶Լ·Ҫᶨȥ˭Ҳܱ֤Ͳ߳һµ·ͣҺܿŶ
ѩͻ¶һۣ˶ŬıЦʵһʼҶıǸź㵱ǰʱ˾Цĳ嶯֪ʱӲĸȥ񿴵ҶһԼϵĶĺ˵ҿ㣬СӣŮҲ֮סˡ
źʱжһͿûвЩղ˵ģ˹ûжŮΪʲôɫͻȻʮֵĹŹ֡
׼װڸжеġźżת˺棬˵ҵС
ƴ򿪣˱еľ󾪵Ĵסˡ߰ҲʲôʿܺͶĳһһǿŵʿȫԱ󴸣ƵֱʤҶεķԼȻ޷Ѱҵһʵǰ·ߡ
ò˵ʱƳ˭һˣźȫװļһһֻɵһһбȥͣǼΪȫǰ棬£һ׻ã˵Ѳչ㣡ⶫͽˡ
˹ȫǺߣǿŵЦźĺ⡣ЦȻǽ͢ʥʿ˾ְҵ֤ⲻҪ͵ʿĴ׵ܡ
ôˣ»ûߵĿĵؾͻΪŦԼΧ۵Ķ󣬲ҺܿͻŽĿ
ƣ˹ҵԼҪĶһзһʿձԼһϤĲҲҲһӵʥĲв
ûнֻнʿ˹޵Ķˡʱź㻹ЦԼյսѣ٣ƣȷҪǸҾ㻹ǻһȽϺãϲǸĻҿԽ͸㣡
˹ЦеΣܾеԼһֵĲźĻе²̨ʥʿͦŲӱʾҾˣţϣԼ˵Ļ͸ң
ȴǣ̨һҲףȻֻһƵĽ
˭ûע⵽ҶһͱϸоŵеһУֵƾӾѰҶʵ̫ѣҲԼǳǿĸӦܹѰҵһЩõĶ
ûʲôãҸӦ̫ˣҲСô
ͻȻҶĴһѶĽиоһɬĲҶ͵۽ĿתǸ䣬һǳ۵СĴ
ҶЦЦ֪ԼҪĶˣһҪźæùǸָǵõٻĳһವһҶĵǰȻ͵ͣҶܹĿԼȫò
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012 
Ҷָֽһοĸϸ˲ͣĸоŽָ̲صֻɬ˿ָĹ졣
֪ʲôĽָɢɫ͹âҶϸȥʱȴоԼҲһֱɽȥĸо
ǡ
˹ڿԼеĽʵҲһ㽣жûУֻĴָһС㽣иϿڴʮǱʲôӷնϵġղѾķ̶ȣǾȡ
ҪźǴҵʱ򣬿ҶŵĽָǸһΡ
źע⵽ߵҶŵĽָ΢е㾪ȵͬʱȴҲһ־Ӧ˵ĸоһڱŷɵһѪʱõսƷǸһЮĿռ䴢ָϧָŷǳǿĽֹƽⲻֻöȻǰϣ͸ǰˣ
Ҷһ֮ȻͬʱָȤŨһЩȻһʿԼ磬ôһ﷨ӦǱرĶռָȻħĲҲûʲô𡣡
ָϣҶָ̽ʼ޷Ӧ̵ԼɶһֱʹóǺӾҶһֱڲͣ仯
ɫƵƾɢɫǹⲢһǺӻҶģڳ˳ѩͻ֮⣬ɵɵĿҶԼⲻ˼
Ƕʿеĸǰǹһһֳƣѵôǿ𣿡˹ʹʥ⣬ԺвͣʥԼ¶״
֮ǰһͨ˵ŮʱŴ쿴ǰⲻ˼һĻȻѾ֪ԵЩ˶ͨˣ㲻һˣǵһжʵʵķԼǰʱֳ־ϵۣҲڿӰɣ
ź֮ҶĴʱչֳźޱȵҲϣԼһ㣬ʵȴҪ̶ֳȣǡ
ڴʱҶ˫ָۣϵǸָƺһ仯ָŵıʯʱҲԼ͸¶һɫϸһܹʯпһƬǺӵĴ
ⶫǵ淽㣡ҶĽںǹĲŵϣȻͷһǹʹʧһͷ³С
漴ĵҲ˽ȥϵĽָǿĵЦЦʵã
ָ﷢ҪĶĻƽ𣬼ռָһϵĿռ䡣
ҶĲ֪ЩƽܹǮӦ㹻ΪԼѧУʽˡ
ֻһѻƽβܱɴʽͷۣҲóһһһЩЭ飿
Ҷ°Ƹ˹Լź㣬һ˼ʲôһƺҪԼ˵ʲô
ָҶĻ˼ȽȴҪԼƷЩǴﱦͬʱҲע⵽źҲƵĲϲĵʿҲһö
΢һģһ׹һֱָѩͻ£ҽ̻ǶʹЩҶĵ˵ͷŶź˵ָĶȵ֮ϸ֣
źɲ֪ʲôԭֻǲ²ЩöκԼƽⲻҶƽ⿪ˣԼȻҪ˵ǰ˵ﻰȻ˵ǰĶȻҲǰˣ
Ҷź㣬´һ󣬼źĿǳֿ֪˵ȷûǿţǸԳе人ӣҲռˣĶȷдãҶĳǷ£պ
ȴ֪Լ仰ɱʲôҪźֶõĶ࣬һ߾ǰԸĳŵнЩ˵ǿɲҵŵرүү϶ٵľźһ֮˵ˣȻִ﷭һӵݸҶġ
ʦŵʱĶʦǼ˾òȥڵĳǸ¼һֻȻǺ˳֣͸ǰˡ
Ҷһ򿪣澹ȻһΪҪ͸Լתͷ˿ºѩҶľź㵹Ҳ飬֪ԼҲû̫ԼϵģԼŮõ
źָһʵãֻҪ֮ôιεͿԻԹУ״εǡ
ҶĵɫֹŹ֣еͻȻһѪĳ嶯
ǰҲãź㻹ţǰǰȻ֪ѲλǰҲϲ
ǶƬ𣿡
ǰҲ֪ź˿ΣúǿģСʱЩ;ú˧ʦžѰ˼ŪһĶԾĳ֡
Ҷĵ˵ͷû̫£ԼҲϲһӲˣĺȭƵأҲûҪ˵ʲô
պãҶʱ׼ⷨھ͸ˣΪ˭ʡţѩȻʾܻеơ£ѩҲʹ첻ɴڽָٺŮ
һ˶뿪ңڼ严˹һܹʱԶͷһħֵֻѾûħʥʿԼʥ⽫ħҪħ
֮⣬ҪһҶĴָϧκ÷ʽõҲͨƷûֻƵѡ
׼ѽƻ裬һ˱ǵж뻹Ƿ˶ӣ¶ˣҹ˾ʱˣ鷳
ݳ˽֮ҶΧĻֻһƬǸ߼ÿռضǧƺ֮ϴ󣬹ƾֳ󶯾Ҳ˵ע⡣
ֻһԼֲľڣ
ӳ֮󣬴һͨƤпˡţп㡢˶ЬҶƣֿ˿ԼȺˡͬеŮ͸һȫװź㡢ȻźͨȴϻһM4A1ǹĿԼһװźӾ͵ʥʿ
ʲôϣ
ʱǡи˺⼸֮ȻԭأҶĺѺõĺ˻֣ǵһ䣺Ǯ˶𣿡
˻ƣʼȻڵķ·ܹһжɵĴ˹ȥ
ȵȣҶͻȻͣ½ŲȻ͸߸ߵΧǽ˿ֻƼϰ벿ľ޴ôое죿
˵ΣM4A1Ľһ䣬ͺˡ
ԭˡҶִһԼƣһ˵Ҳŷֻô£
Ȼ˿ߣعͷһ¸˹ڰʦ᲻ٻʬ֮Ķ
ҪʦûȤϲԼסǶĻ֪һϲԼĳĶʦڰʦǻǺעԼĸġźһֱΪʲôΪ׹ڰһܿ飿˲ʼݺڰʦݺڰħʼʦ
յΪʬͷΪ˧Ҫȥһʦ˶óҿ˭ÿᣡЩһһ˵¶Ƿ
ǿϧҶ̾˿Ϊܹһ˰Σ
˺׵ľͷǽǽҶġѩͻ˵ƽûʲô𣬶ź͸˹˵Ȼ鷳㣬ҲӦˡڿԼҶһץĺֱӾͽ˽һ֧Сèһ
ȱʿȵļһŲӣƽſǹ˫ȾȴһЩ룬ȲͣĻȥκοԽĶ
ҶĿ˿ϵĿٺЦһ£Ȼ˵˾䣺ȱʿȣôڻǽڷܶţɿ֡ÿЦʶʱסģпˤڵϡ
Ҷ˵ҲûһͲٶԣǰûϵһֱЦеĸ˹ͻȻ֮ɫֽ󣺡ȵȣԣҸоǿҵϢ
˼ǡźɫ䣬̽еM16A4ͬʱͷϵľ޴󡾵ҲλãյģȻô֮ࣿ⻹вԹ顣
Ҷ˫Ŀһգۣ˼Ҹ׼һǳʢĻӭʽȻ΢е㲻ѩԼ½һ䣺һȺǳĲŵĹｫǸΧм䣡
˼ǡºѩû˵ɲʲô鷳ǿͻȻһֲĸо
ϲ㣬٣ܿͿʵĳΪһɥʬȺбסŮӢˣ
лأʲôɹϲģ
Ȼ䱸˵˵ЦЦ˿ƲŵɫլһطһȺѾҳһš
ղŽȥǼʲôͷĸôܵ˭ܸҸ𰸣һ˶һȺļžŵԻ߷绰´š
һ˷еĵ绰ͬʱǰĵĻ֮תͷͷһŮŦԼֵһ٣ǰ漰¼ĿǰݼУ鱨ĸΪһη¼ʧ٣Ҳ˽й飬ĵһֱǵĿƷΧڡ
ôΪʲôڣװ˹ȥƳһµϵĻ棬ĵƬԼ϶棬ЩûȤֻ֪ΪʲôСͻȻԼòȷĿסһͼҲͨ˵ļһһ˽ȥ
ʵѾɹ˽ȥ飬һȫûϢͨ豸֪ԼɳȥѾɥ֮⣬һõ鱨ûеõɱԼԱʲô֪
ͷҲӦͷرӦС
ȥرӦС飬ѵʲô鶼ҪָǶǷﲻɣװнǰĵԺݺݵĻ˵ϣһ죺˽ȥȰȺĪļһץȺ·ļһ
ǣ
һ˳˳ȥʮźװĻҪŵʿ˳׼ʼװǵԼĿꡣ
һոԾǶլŮץȺ˺ܾܿ߱һŮԼ֮⣬˿ɱȻǸŮǷһ𡣡
ҪǹУⶰ˸ץһ·ĵֿͨͨ
𣿡
YESSIR
ĻӦһžװŶӳһһȺǶһеĴլ
˼ˣһֱڻǰҶͻȻͣ˽ŲȻסǰĸ˹Լź㣺ǶһȺ㲻ѵİ֣ҲӦҸط֣ԴѻһЩ֮ҶһֱԼǷʹţ
ʹõĻѣԼҲ޷ƶҪǺԼôķΧȻС࣬һΧڵһ鼸޷ӹĸ֪ղһУҶĲġˣȫˡ
ǿ˵ȺˣӵȷرţѵôͣһȺͨ


013 µ˵
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ڽ˿һȫװһȺȺǰͽ͵Ŀ۶еİȻһȺȺｫԼĶ˺鲢¡
ЩĶǴģŦԼôֹ
һʿеĲǹͣĵ䣬ӵЩκβֻ֣ǹǰͷ΢ͣһˣ˵ǵȽĲһӵôûã
⼸ʮʿȫװźǱһM16A4ͬʱҶҲܴЩŵӵϸоһ˿ʥЩʹõȫħ޷֤ܹǰĹɵ
˹˿üͷЩϵϢŨңЩƺһ֤ЩǴϢᱻӵаӵ
Ҷۣʥʿ˵ģղû̫ЩжٻӲĹ
ҪӣźıеŹ֣Ϊһ޵ߣЩϸоһЩϤϢЩϣƺз
Ǻȷ˶ͬźƲ⣬޷һȺ䱸˴ħӵʿȻ޷ԸһȺ͵ȼֻӵѻܽһͨɥʬ
߰ɣûҪٿȥˣҶһѾȷһĽ־ֻ·һѾڶΧǼܹ˳ͻΧΣյׯԺȴǵĽǸӿµĹ
ߣѵǲǣ𾪵Ŀ˿ҶģһȺʻԼǰϮԼȴԺܵȻ߿ġ
ҶĿ˿ֻ˵һ䣺ûҪȥһȺܻὫǹڶҵļһȻ󲻹ܿǷףֱǼ˹ȥ
ͨӦûиκˣΪǸ˹ź㶼Լ⻰˼Ψһ׵ľֻǸ㲻״С졣
ЩˣôôѪ
ǵĻԼǰȥҲģҶʼȻͻȻǰɫĲǹǰ̧־һǹ
飡
һӰλƵĴӺڰ˳ҶһǹȻûдС
TMDƫˣ
һοǹҶıΪԼڵЭǹҲǺɵ飬ǹ֪ӵɲᰴֱߡ
ȷһ£ڶǹ֮ǸΡΡӰһ𣬵ǳ֮ûķӦˣҶӵֻɥʬʱĴɥʬϸоһƽ͵Լӵϵ
ٿǹһҶĲоĸͬʱȷǹǴɥʬ̷λɢģҶȷֹ֮ͣһӣһɫ⻪֮˾ͼֻɥʬѾ˵϶ҲˡһƣǹﾹȻؿڴֳΡ
⡭ô£
ûŪô£͸оǰһɫǸͱءҿ˿źԵ𾪶ֳݣ˹ı࣬ҶĵʱҲǰʱֵôɡ
עĿҶֻߵǾʬǰͷ鿴һ֮󣬾ͿԼնĲλڲȻһŻɫķֽ
𣿡
ʬֳֶģҶİ뷨û޸սǷֽȡ˳ֽڿչ¶滭ŵķ䡣
ź߹ȥһƣжһȽͨĻ䣬ûʲôϡӵϵұһ֮ĻôͼҲĺѶԸ
룬ӵȺֻܿӵϵĳŷĹĻ֮˺ЩıԴ
Ϊʲôһڰʦᶮöķ˹ΪʲôҸֵǣµȻһĺڰʦ֪ѾµһֱڼΪһĹ壬ʹ־ԲϹݵĶԼסѾˣοõ˶ķ
˿˹֮ʼ򣺡һִܹŰ壬ܻȥϰȫħһϵĶ
ôΨһĽ;µˣһͨ鷨ʦԼһͨĵʿǿôˣ𣿡ҶɢŷƮƮ˵ϣ˿ƮƮķ䣬ȴǰ·ƺԽԽˡ
ֻҶĺŮ˿Ϊ⣬ֻʼͼŴӳ˵ЩҲû壬ǻǼǰɣȼǸڰʦһеĴҲͽˣ
ҶôźҲƽ׶˼ģֻи˹üͷĿɫĵҲѰ˼žҪҪȻȥȻܲ͢ɼæ
һڰʦĻ˹źԼǸ֪ǳĶ˰æ80%ĿܽɱҪٶһ鷨ʦһʿĻļ̶ֳȲڵŷ޷¼ˣһν͢ʥʿ˵Ĵ۲Ž
һΡ
ѵҽͻ˹̤ǰǰţһ֮˵һʥͬڣ
СļԽ˲仰һ˹˾ͺһ㣬ɢʥϢЩΧ˱ܣͬʱϵǸȱĽҲһЩֵĻӦ΢΢ɢ͵ĹΡ

ҶĻعͷ˿˹ʥʿֱǺڰĴݣû˲֪ˣ
վڱĴǰյĴƺڸе߹Ҷȴ⣬Ħȭµ˵һ䣺ΣʱһֱһԹǾĴΪʲôǵҪԿײܴ򿪣
˶Ҷģ֪Ҫʲô
ʵһֱģ͵һ߳ȽյĴžͺǱһƵײ˸һ˲뿪ǱפصĸλһϸСƬɳԶɢĵǡûͲ俪
һºͻͲƺûʲôˣźû˵ı͸¶һ˼
ºѩǶҶĵΪ⣬ǲΪʲôֵģǸ˹Լһ쿴˿Ҷģڿһ
šʵľġ
𣿡ҶĵĻӦͺոմõĲһĭ˵ʵľźĭȷûʲô
УҶͻȻһֵĸоʲôںתͷ˿ˣֳԼ֮˶ûʲôرķӦôָоֻԼУ
ѩͻ¶һۣȻû˵ŮѾҶĵ˼ǾǸҪɢˡ
ߵ֮󣬿޴Ĳ񻰣Ӷĺլһʱ侹Ȼ֪֣Ҷʲôû˵ֱ˴һ䡣
˹ƱҲ׼ȥϵڸʱ򣬼˽˫Ȼһ̽е𣬶һ˿ڴ󺰣ᣬԼˣ֮⣬˶ûǱǳʿ
Ҷͣ˽Ųһۣһֺͣĸоǿ˼֡
˼
תԿ˵һҪôŰɣĴ鿴һ£Ȼ󲻹ܿλӦŮţֱ˽ȥ
źͷ˿͸˹Ӹ˹еõһ䣺տһͻȥǣȻ׷˹ȥҪ׷λǰ
ʱȱûʲôϡľͻȻ˱仯һ˵ľͰ׹Ȯ֣Ӳȴһ׹Ǿš⻹㣬ͷɢŵɫκˡж
⣡
źһ龰̾׹Ǹڰʦ鷨ʦµף뽫Ǽ˷ɢȻڷֶ֮ǰĹɲ⣬㱻ָҲӦûʲô¡ҲҪĵԼ͸˹
˻ԭź͸˹һۣȻһӦˡòӳʿʱڿǸͺΣյİ׹Ǿð亹
һ棬ҶĲһž͸оԼĴԼʶһͻȻرգʹһഫһаһеһж϶ԭжϡ
ѩͻ»࿴ۣѩ˿ڣʦ֣ҪҪƿȥǻϣ
µ˺Ҫһ˷ֿôõƺӦǽжԷͼƲ˾һ
Ҷȴҡҡͷµ˵ļһƺҪҵ̸̸Ȼ˼ҳҲþǧ֮⣡
ʱԺеֺҶֻҪԼĸоǰͿԼԼĶ˵ˣ
һķ䣬ڷŴɳɳмһ輸Ѿôһ衣
߹ȥɳϣҶĿ˿źˣһ͵ŷˣɫͷһ˿һҷ˫һɫ˫һɲĸо
ǵµˣ
Ҷĵö˽ƵҶĵϣȻķеĲ豭ָҶǰĲˮ˵Ǹ¼ƷϵȲҶҳݵķҲǰǵϰģ²úȲϰߣ
µ˲˲Ǳͺܰɾ˫֣˶ɳУҲҽеĿģӦйͬԿ̸֮ǰΪһѡ
µ˴˸ָеһСŴ˿߳һΪĶˣҶƼ֮аԲ²⣺Ǹʿˣ
û뵽ǣµָվԱߵĶЦЦλͬҲͲε̸ˣҺܶǶ飬ҷֵҺĻ
ҶĶ˲豭ŨĲǵ˵ĴӪĳһСڣ̵Ĳˮ֮þһȷϺõĲҶɣûκ֮ģ
豭£ҶҲƣûκεĺ
һﵽ״ʲộǻһڰе鷨ʦһ鷨ʦҶĵıͻȻ˶ȻüͷǸͬŵŨŨʬζͬʱԼоһ˿޵Ϣ
㡭鷨ʦ
Ҷе⣬û뵽鷨ʦȻԼͬ
ֻĶ΢е㾪ȣЦŶҶĹ˹֣ǰȻһ۾Ƴµĵϸ󹧹ĳҶʩһ񣺡ͯǰ
Ҷִ˼£ͬʱҲԼȥ̽һͯ޵ϢзǳŨָоͺ͵ڹƵأźϵΪơ
ԭһ˶ѹһʼʱûϸоϢȴǱһΪȥˣ
Ҷе֣ϸоŨͿԵ֪˶ȻҲǻ൱ӵļһˣιô϶ĺԼΪǰ
ҲƳҶĵɻµ˲֪ȡһˮ򣺡ﲼħ﷢һҶͨˮ򿴵
ͯӹµ˵ĻǰԺʹýһĻƵһһ־Ƴǰ֮񡭡ԡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾˣȴ뵽òж䣬ôֱ۵ķʽƾһ˹ǳƲеʱˣûֻԼôǺܷϳ
ôҺ˴Ҫ̸ʲôҶģҲƽľȲ裬һ仰㽫еĲˮ


014 ӵĻ
¡ɣ
Ҷĺò׽Ĳˮ£̧ͷǳʿĺڰʦôҲû뵽һͻȻĳôһ仰ôԼ׼ˣ
ǲºڰʦͻȻѣµҪ׼ʱͿԷųҪħҶĵʩչٶϿɲ֪Ҫ϶١
ˣµûκα仯ٶǸȻԵõͶֺҵ˼ǣһǿṦȻҲǸ൱ʱ;ҲϣгһһжΪްɣ
ҶˣǲһﵽҪ˵ʲôѲڰʦҪԼʵƷȥʲôѪ
㵽˵ʲô
µЦЦҶľܾһʲôֱӶ֣˵ʵµ˶࿴ᣬȴжǿʵļһЩɵˣ·ֱӾͽɱ£ﻹϲˮд
ҴţǶʿ⼸ԽԽùؼƶԴΪͨĵطڡµ˰ŪһԼĽָǿڵıʯƺԽһжɽȥƶѾвĵزˣ
ҶеĲ豭΢΢һϸ΢΢ɲ飬ȴµ˵ЦЦΪԼ˵Ѩ
ߣһֱѰΪĿ꣬ҪĿڵ޷ɵģÿ˶ϣԷȥﴫ˵еɾȥ׷ѰԼĳ֮·
ԭնĴ˵ںܾúܾǰЩʿȫڵֱľ磬Ҳ޳֮
ʱƺĽϡ٣ڵѾ޳ˣԶʿ׷Ŀ˷ɽ硪µ˶Դ˺⣬ΪԽԽѾϾ˶ʿ޳˵ĿܣǸνķҲǶҰο¶׫Ķ
֮µ˱ǲзģҴͯ˵⼸ûܹµ˼ᶨԼжϡ
һʿҪѰΨһİ취ֻȥ׷ķӣǻһöǷǳΡ
ؼϡٲ޷ѰطЩطľ˻ӰԼΪԪԼĻǡմȾ̫ۻ֮Ӱ˱
ڵĵ򣬲ԽԽϡ٣ͬʱ̺кҲԽԽࡣŬҪԼڴ˵ֱֻǽһͨ˶˺˵ըȾ
Ҳ˵ЩţϵˣԶڴһǳεľУҲǺټЩʿĴ߶ԭ֮һ
ҶĲ֪Щֻܴµ˵ֻƬƶϳԼҪϢµõһЩϢƺô˸ˡ
ͯҶüͷֻλǰʼ˼Ƕ˵Ľ飬ʱ򲻼һͻҪȵʱ
ǰ˷ɽҲǸоΪѾ翵ķ֮ȴкԶľ룬ԳѰҴ˵İɣ
Ҷ̧£ûлشǣҲûлشǡⷬ˵ӣͯΪλǰĬԼĲ²⡣
Ҳʲôֵ飬ʿشУÿһ˸оԼĴ޽֮ʱܵѰһ²ĵӡ֮⣬벻ʲôԭһΪôߵǰܵ׵ϾдþˣߵΪɲʲô¡
ʵҹǰ֮ΪѾУܵǴȥǱľޣþͲܿǷֻ֮ǵеŴɰռǾѵ֮ҵѰʿڣǰԵ֮ɣ
ͯ⼸仰ҶĵüͷǴĪԭһصķˮأǿ߶У
Ҷĵⷬ²Ҳ֮ǶǴͯⷬȴҶڵõһõϢ
ҹǰΪǿ˵ҲǱİ꣬ǲܽǴУԪҲѾʣ޼˵һ䣬ǰĪҪ
Ҷ̧̧˸ƣȻԹԵС裬˵ʲô˵Ļ
Ȼ粻ЩСɴ˺ɢޣԭЩ򣬴ԵĵطѰЩ·
ҶԴ͵һƺʲôʦ
ͯЦЦԽԽϡ٣ȴҵӵĴڡԵȴûʲô٣֮Զ٣˵˴˻̯ƣһλɬѶ֮оȻȼһ׻
׻ɫ͸ңҶһһֻĸоȫѰǰů֮С
Ǳʮ꣬оһֽ֮תΪ֮Ȼ֮ĺɱ֮ȴȡ֮֮ߣȴٴҲ޷ˣ
Ҷͯ˵֪ΪξȻԼһָоͯķƺȽС˵еаš
ȻͯҲ֪ǰ뵽ʲôֻƣ˲òҲҪȥˣ
ͯǱİ꣬޵ٶʱԸΪѴܹǱɰռĵطúһҲܹӳԪΪһǷ֮ҲܸһЩ
κһɢޣȻҲʦšֻʦ˶ûʲôϺõʣȥֻʣһˡ
СȻûзȨЩԣԴޣҪȱ֤ĸԼЩпܳôȥסѪ
˵ĺʵϻ˽˱ͲЩν֣ЩĸǴеĳĸˣϡ٣Ҫ޳ɸֱͼѣЩƫֶ˼ߵƣ£Ǹǲֵܳ
Ϸ趨ȷֻ10£˼ȴ15ȥ5Ĳߺ
ЩŴɵİԵǿ˺ƫ޿κΣͯһľôȥʿΪҲϣܹѰҵһ·뵽ħϵ
µͯһЩҶĲò̾ͯҲһܣԼԭǸ磬˵ҲǸʦȴΪ˻ȥʹ
ͬʱҲΪʲôҪԼ̸ǶԼ˿ϹŶԼҲǱЩȺĶʿΪԼҲͬǵ顣
źǲ´ˣ
ҶҲʮ꣬书гɣҲ뻹нûֻϸϸһĻȴԼһΪȴֻܻһ꣬ƺе
ģһʿǼ꼸ģôֻһٶࣿ
룬ԭɹ٣ǾŽɺҲһٶͰˡ
ǸԶŨ˵ҲҪ˺ࡣˣһٶҲǸ١
ò˵ߵЩ湦Ҫ׷Ҷ¶Щġ
֪Լܻãͯ˵Щлм鲻òӡ
ڼ٣ؼԽԽۻ֮֮뼺߶ԣǼΪк
ҶȻǸߣͬҲǿԪΪģȲ˵û˳ĻԼЩۻ֮ҲԼɻĶմȾ
ǰΪԣϡ٣Լм䲻մа⼸аĻл
½С£½Ҳ̵ģҶвٳ֤ʱΪµġŮڻвٲľԣĿǰҲûĵǡ
Щվ޾֮ոɾһ죬ȵǸʱأ
ĿԼĹһһ½ԽԽ
Ҷĵ˫ֽһĴָҲڲͣתȦ
µƺģҶǿ߾Բľôҵȥÿһǿ߶Ϊ֮ջ
Ѿ̸ôãѾֳǵĳ⡣ҲҲӦñֳһ⣬ȸ
ҶģšһŵüͷζҶĻΪԼδͷۣµ֪˺ܶණ鶼ҲӦٴһЩ
ĿӶµƿҶĿǸͯǸطʵҲǺ˽⣬ֻǴµ˵һ㣡ҪȥɷҶĳҪȥҪﵽʲô
ȻܶûףҶѾȷԼһ뷨ˣǾҪȥұǷǳĻȥվһ۷壬ԼʮֱĹԼһΪΪⲿƶȫȥԼΪܳŵľһЩԼŮأ
Ůľ޷ԼŮΪԼľΣյľ֮С
ԣ֮ҶȷԼҪ飺ܴڵΣգ취ǸطȥУȻĸֿôԼȻҲǸ
ͯû뵽ҶĻͻȻ£ҲûھͻشΪȲ̸ΪȫֻҪ˵֣ǾǸ֣ףҼϿΪˣҪȥǱҪΪЩĳһɵĳϹܹýʸ񡭡
ߣԭҶĲνĸֲܽȥһջԼ塣ͯźһЩƲ⣬ԼΪȥӦҲ̫ࡣҪôĻǾ˵ˡ
̸ԼĸεõԷϿɣֻǳΪĳһɵĳϹͲܽܣ
ɽţӱ£
֮⣬Ǿ繫ϵĴҲԻڵʸ񣡱ϾȺɴűѪĺͷԡͯʼ򣬾仰Ҳƨôƾٳһɣ
ҶǰһǾֲԼ֣Ȼһ·ĻԼԭҪɽѧУķǿˣֻȽѧУٸɽɽȴǲò
ѧУյӾûɣɾ޷ϿɵݵλûЩλͽȥǸطȥĻͻ
ȥƺƻԭĵط
ҶһֱԹŵŮһۣŮεĿ⣬Ҷ֪ˡ
ôҶµһֱĺȲ裬ֱʱͻȻѯǺĻҲҶҲܺһѰҵʺĳ֮·طǵԭеײ֡
һж˵Ҷڻָһʼɵı飬˿µˣ֮ǰҪ֪Ļ㵽ҪЩʲô
ˣµһֱƽ˫ͻȻֳһֿȵĹâˣ
ˣҶͻȻ뵽ǰӷǼ飺˵ʵĻˣ
µ˹ЦûҪڻʵ飬֪ҵħûгɹ
²̫𣿡ҶȻ㲻һúˣǾΪȥɱ޹ˣȴ޷ܵġ
̣µ˺ʲôЦһΪһǿĺڰʦΪҪһȺϵֻиǿߣʸƽȵĶԻЩߺߣ


015 䣡
µȻֻǺߺ£ȴ¶˼ǿšŷݺȥ͢κãжѪͬκãŴﵽ˶㡣
Ȼ˵ߺЩĸֻһطοµֻҪԼܹɹܹ޾ͬʱԼĺħҲٴһ̨ס
ΪԽоħµԽ֣Ҫȫպħǲܵ飬ȻúħϸıԼ壬ûķ룬ܿǵżôĳɾҲ;ڴˡ
ֻΪ׷ͬʱҲϣܹΪһǿڣ˶ֻӵĴڡ
˿ԼǸˣʶĻʵɹΪԼ£ˮϿľ֪˵ΪȷǿᣬһǿҲܼӵԳݺ͵λ
µ˾Բ뵽ԼҶĸܴӦ룬Ϊڹϴžҵĳͻ
һֱΪҲǸˣҲȥһˣҶĽԼ̧ȻԼϣ˫ǳȻķСϣһǳڳֵƣµ˺ͯҶʱ򣬻Ϊ׼Ӧˡ
û뵽ǣҶĻǣ˺ǲһ·ˡ
Ѱµĵ·ȥ׷ҺͬѡķʽҶʼ򣺡޷ܣ
µ˱΢ЦҶĵĿҲʼ¶ɱ⣬ͯĿҲԽ䣬ϵһ׻𲻵ԽԽԼ仹ı֮ﱥŵޱߵԹ֮ԽԽ׻͸¶ĺҲԽǿᡣ
Ҷȴɱûжָָֻ̧ͯϵ׻𣺡Ϊɱ˶ˣ
С˵ҶĻصС˵ûչʱһƣǾϢըںܶһµ˽Ʋ⣬ȻڽԼ˼һܹ֪޽ӽʵ
ͯ׻𱥺Թһ߾ԲǿҵԹҪռԹ鲢ô׵飬򵥵ķֽɱԹ顣
Ľϵ׻̧ڻ£ͯűЩ԰׵ӱӳøֲΣܹΪ˳·ϵĵʯӦең
ҶһһĻش𣬾֪˰˳Ǳµ˵۸ӰĲˣڵµһûʲôҲѾܳΪˡԼҲûԼ
Ļûʲô˵ˣ
⻰һ˫̸ʽѣµ˴Ӹղſʼڲͣ߶ʲôʱҶĵĻһڣλŷʿ̴ɳһԾͬʱ˳ȥҪҶ룬ͬʱһӣһźڹ֮µ˵߾ͳһɫӰӻƲͣ
ҶûжµĿµһУȻŽĿתͯ
鷨ʦĶ죬Ϊĳڶ磬ĹΪϤûµǸԼʹһħһ־˦ԼĪӤȭͷС͸ӡ

һ֣˲ͱǿĵ⣬ȻǿȴʼֻӱζͺһĻȼһֻ˭ⲻȭͷСĶҵġ
ţ
ʵ⻹ҶĵһοߵķȻǰźһ͵ķֻǷӣûмǷʹóʲôʲôһӣȴ¶ǿˡ
ͯӷˣһ⣬ǵԻĺ÷Ȼ㲻϶ϡ棬˶ʶҲⷨǵʵõļ֮һһкǧ򣡡
֮ͯſʼʹôħžһкǧҪ⼸˵Ҳܽ΢æһֻҪƬ̾㹻ˡ
Ǿһ룬һǳֵľͻȻ仯ԼӦӦԶɵվ﷢㶡
ŵһкǧ򶨶˿вôֻݺᡢⱩǣͣԭزܼǰУǸǳ޵ŮӴʱѾվǼܿɰķۺɫt΢΢Щͺʲôͷųһ
ͯžʲôסԼķһ͸оһصѹסԼԼ޷ƶڵħܵӰ죬ɫ׻͵һҡΣЩϨ
ʲô
ãҶȴ֪ʹħǰ²ûнħշŲпƿѹ羳磬
Ȼûǿľ磬ӴĹӣֻƾ蹦ǿӲĴ߶Ҳû˿⡣
ͯھʱͻȻһɳϵŮüļͻȻһɫĺ⣬һԼ͸ɫ⻪ĳŮӵĶͷ֮ϣͯʧɫȻǽޣ
һ˵׷Ķǳǿսʲô׷֮ĲıֶΡرϧɵ߸ӷԼķеķӶúԶһ׷ȥ߸ɴԷʤ
Уһɵ߱սǹϵɱǿʿΪһķһˮĳþɱˣ֮ǷڽǻûʲôҲп˫ûʲô飬ϴƨɸظˡ
Ҫ뽣޷ͻĻв˵Ƣ꣬Ϊеķעһֻ֡
ѩͷϾȻðһɫ⻪ͯΪ˻ôеɴľԼ˷ˡ
µСģЩǶʿսǿĽޣ
ʾ֮ͯȫŹֵĽƣȻרӦϮķɽκѩᣬֻǸɳϵŮ۾һ˿Ǳ߳ʱͻȻǿɫ⻪ֱ۾
ǳ͵һžͲӰͯûüȥѰɫӰ͸оԼؿһʹڵħڷٵšе־ǣƿصԹʱȻвܿƵĸое׻͵ĴܳԹ飬ЩԹŴڲͣҧÿһҧ¶оľ޴ʹࡣ

αԹ鷴ˣ
ٿӴԹһʦӵǿսʦ޷ЩԹĻôͻᱻȺԹ齫Լ곹ɣƬӴҲ統С
ʱµע⵽һͯһɫ⻪ڿһת֮»صǸŮӵͷţŵĹ⻪ԼңңָԼоĶһ̬Īѹ
ȺˡȻôǿζ޵ֿ֮
µ˴һʼ㹻룬ԻµħûܹӰ쵽֪ͯѩལͬʱƥ֮⣬ΪѾħһҲѹס˲֣ԲŻᱻѩһ֡
Ҷǹһ΢ЦŮ˵ıֺǸˡºѩһֱŬӦԼڵĹƺΪڴһ𣬶ҲһĬ
ѽԺ󲻻ʰҰɣ
ҶĴʱЩ߰ģµ֪ԴĶԼ֪᲻ҶĶס
ʱµڷҲڲͣĻӶţƺڹһʲôͼҶһʱῴҲһĻᡣ
ͷһҶļͷԳΣҲһֳ̾ͱǿɫûµ˺һͣǶλɬѶҲͣһ¡
ÿֲơ
ʵµ˾ȣҶԼе⣬εĳƺе̫ˣǰûгֹֻ΢΢һҶԼƺʶԼַһЩ仯
ʲʱ΢Ķһ£뾹ȻӣҲ֪Σ
һҶֻоͷɫ⻪һȻâ㼴ɢԼɾڼͷ桭һпҶȴһ顣
µҶģһ޷ŵӡѾҶĵʵ㹻ǿˣû뵽˾Ȼǿ㾳硣
ĺڰʼͣĴɢµоĵԼı
ģҲôŹ㣡
Ѿʧȥµ˽Լȫķ˳һԼΪʩչһһڰ
㣡㿴մأκε㡭
ƨ࡭оԼʲô仯Ҷıµһ󳳴ָ£̧֮һɫһŽɵĽеµ˳׻𣬱һƬƬ֮Ϊħԭ˻ҽ
⻹꣬һźȻûɢȥۼһţԼܹһâڷŵĹâȻźһ֮󣬾ȻҶĳ˹
ţʲôѵ
Ҷüͷ̾ȻʮеһƣһɫҶϳſҧźڰǹ鷢ˣźڰһȫһĶƵشӰɫϴȻҶľȵĿ䵽Ҷĵͷʧ
ʦ֣
һԵѩʵһ˷ӦһƾȻûẓ́ͺһĿź̴ԼϴͺʲôҲûһ
ʦôˣҡҡҶģѩǵԼʦ֣ͬʱͷϲ鿴鿴ȥҪܵ˺ǳ˿һɫâǳҶĵĶͷ֮⣬ʲôҲûҵ
´ʱҲµĲ鿴ѩһʲôҲûз֣âǲǹؼ
˵ŻԭصҶͻȻһȻŮ˵һ䣺ûʲôֵȻӦȴҲѲҡѾû챦ȥһˣ
Ҷ⻰ҲǺԡԴӱź֮󣬾͸оǰһڣͬʱް죬֣ǸµʱĻ
ÿû꣬ʧȥǲˡţôе豦֣һ˼Ҷһߵ
źʱȻƺǸ֮ֻǿӰӡһʼӰҶĵ壬ôֳıĿɫ̾ҶĵԴӰӾԼ
Ȼ֪˸ԴԼҵڣôҪƽҲͲѣҶȴķ֣һźȻԼ棬ֻһָֻ֮ͣ˶
ֵĺҴ棬Ҳٴα仯˶øǿڴһҶı۾վʱ䣬ֻõһϹˡ


016 
ѩĵģӡ۾Ҫ˴ˣ˵Ӱ֮޴ԶѰ󣬺οһϰ֮ˣҶ˶ˡ
û˵Լģǳüͷšһ𡣲ҶͻȻüһ£ĪҪ㵣ģ˵ûµģ
ʦ֣ܿˣ
ҶĵĶѩΪԼʦѾֵ⣬ԲŻᡮԼı飬ǵϸȥʱҶǱ˫ۣû
۾ˣһԿ
Ҷ΢΢ЦЦֵڰܴĺôԼȫĴ̼ͣĶԼԭ֪ʹԼҶģƫƫڴ֮ǰźѻķ䣬ÿ֮
ʲʹʱҲ۵ϼһһԣ֮ǿԶԼµʵ㲻ĺڰʦȻԼôĶûпף¡
ҪǣԼڲǰͨϵˣڵĿҶĲ²⣬õõһעͨеĻôˡȻҪ绹ҪʱĶ
ʵҶĽıסôԼ󣬿ûĻʵ̫㣬ȽָֻӾĲ֡
źڰôҲǺڰʦµ˵ʵ̫ãʵΪµȼΪûüɣµ䣬ôҶʧȥľͲӾʲôҲоС
ĻҶȻûȥҲ˲ࡣͬʱޱ޾ĺڰ޾ͷļįоԻһ˳ױʹ̤
Ҳ˵䲻µǰһʮ֮һˣһûзӳŻᱻҶô׵Ļ⡣
ͬʱҶҲӴ˵֪ԼڵĻ챦Ϊͨھʹã챦еͷٻѨȻ絤Ļͻ׳Լ뵥ľһ
ҶĲǶѻҶĳԼźڰ֮Ҷ׳ԼĻᡣ
ҶֻܲͣĲԼڰٻѨһ󣬿ʼ޷ãＸôͣͻᱼһѨҪ￪ٳɵһĴڣҪõ
ΪĹϵΪ˶ԿһȺԼصߣͣ˰ٻѨҽĿٳһƵĴڣеͬʱҲڲͣ׳Ҷĵ
Ŀǰ򶨵⣬ǵȵԼɾ֮ٽ䳹ȵǸʱҪźڰֻҪһͷͻ
µĺŮ˽һҶҲԼı仯ѩȹҽķŸ㣬ǱҲԱĸǿᣡ
ѩĳҲ֣ϵ־ڽеĸҶĵͬǣ滹һͼԳѩ۳ϣϸ΢֮ҪҶǿĶࡣ
⣬ͬڹеͬʱ˿ʩŽ֮⻹ԴӽϷųɫҶĵȴһ㡣ǣųÿһпһԭữһö׽ʤѩ仯֮أҶҲ̾Ϊֹ
ʦõЩҶĺǸˣԼʦԴϰ˽֮һֱģԼ书·ŽĳԼĶȻֵص顣
˼䣬֪ϰѩȲĴҶʳķţȻ￪ʼ
ҶĵĲ豭ˮһԣȻʼʰսƷ
Ȳ̸СȱʲѾ¶˼ʱ˵ϳ֮ȻҪһ
ִǸֻؿһˣȴѾƬͯҵһѷԼĪСС֮ûʲôԼ͸¶һԱҲһС
ŴͯҵһҴССӣǴһֻԼţ뺣ӰҲѰˣ²ӦҲǸװķоҶǰĿռһо
үϺö౦أһѶصҶǰЦеĽеսƷһ·ŵϡ
ϧҶ¿ֻǴӸоϵ֪ЩƷǸõĺö
ȷŰɣԺ˵Եģ
ҶĽȽϾҵϸϸоһ󣬷ʮ궯ƺֻҪ΢һܽӱǿ
һȥое̱ǿֶҶ΢ȵͬʱֽһ˽ȥƽ࣬Ҷţɢŵ⣬¶պơ
ȥ
Ҷͷһ֮һڿдһ⣬¡һ죬̷ǳǽھȻըһһ˸ߵ͵Ĵ󶴳
ô
ĿǰֻǴ˲䱬жϣܲ۾ֱۣԾͿʻ¡
뻪¾ȻЦͣ˼²ŶҶ˵үһ£Ǹأ
ʱǴΧ̳ɢԳͷӰԭźǡþǽһ棬ûϵǽڻͻȻըըĻҳ˸ǱΪԼϮļ˴ʱڿƣȿһҶļ֮΢˿
Ҷôûо⼸ˣǸ˹˵˾䣺Ǳзƺôð
źĨһƺҲ֣Ҷ֮󷴶һȻӣǰڴˣǵ΢ĩʶҲȴΪҶķ״ԲųֽǱƳϵҶĲ鷨ֺһ°ˡ
źô˵ҶҲԾеΣѾ˼ңǰҲûٹˣʱһ˵ģԼ֣ɣǸµ˵ļһѾˣ
ʲô
ӦȻԽ͢ʥʿ˹ΪǷսһ񻹻ᶪľ棬û뵽Լµ˵涼ûͱ˸֪ǸһѾˣ
Ӵд˹һͿ˵ŵʬ壬˴ʱû̫ãϵħûȫɢͯŨϢһֱأԲɢȥһԹ飨ȡʱԹ鶼ƿˣ书һЧҲҶе㾪ȣ֤˾Ǹʦ
һµȻѾûʬ壬ֻҪΧЩڽɢĺڰ֪һȷˡ
˹ȷ˵ݺҲǳһܹô򵥵ľͽеˣʥʿҲúˣ
վͯǰ˹ǵһȻһԹʩչһ֮һȺԹͺƱлһ㽥ɢڿС
Ըʥͬڡ
ҶĵԴᣬͻȻһ仰֪û˾ߵ³֮ŷȻȺʱǲҪ˵һ䡮ĸں㣡
һƬԹ飬˹ߵһƬڰħǰʥʿϥ£ֺǱֻнʿȻԼ֧ȵ
󣬸˹ϵʥϢԽԽŨʱԽԽʥⲻǿᣬԼʲôһϵϵ֮󣬸˹˾ͺһݣɢǿҵĹâ
Ƭ֮âɢȥµʬϲдĺڰϢɾҲоڰϢĴڣͺһͨķһ
˹һԳһ˿ƣʥʿŬάԼͷȣǽǿǶźɫʯĽָݵҶĵǰ룬ӦҶ
Ҷֽ˹ʲ΢΢̧ͷĶʹʱ΢ĽӴø˹ͻȻüͷҶµ˵ĺħ𣿡
ЦЦһģûʲôһСѣһʱ￴
˹ҶĵĻǱص˼СѲңҪ˼Ҿָܻصģ
ҲûʲôҶƵĻĿһҶĶͷϣͷסеĺɫâǣԼâ͸¶ڰоȻǺľħκβ𣿾Բܺ˽񣡡
˹һµҶԼеĵλ׼ص̴͢˺úõ̸̸һжһУҶԶǿߣǱеص㡣
źʱֵĸǹһ֮ǼʵʵĺڰħȶӶֱ飬֪Ǹڰʦôǿᣬ֪ȥħôǿĴڣԲܹӦ˵ġ
λǰǰȻһж⣬ҲƳǸâǺڰħеһѰ˼ҪҪеϵǰŷȥĳְ̳ǰƣҲúλǰһ½顣
뵽Լмޱȵ˵оһϲ̨СǸ鷳ˣû¡һҲ͸¶Ҫ˳֣ԼӾܽ˼
ǰ˰
ź㰵ͬʱҲڴǰһѶЩǱεսƷˡһε˶λǰɱģ˵ЩӦλǰûԼʲôˡ
Ҷȴûô̰ȵ˶һָһѶɣʲôõĶûС
˵ϲЩҶΪմǳõķչ֮ЩôԼܹЩϵ֪Լ֪һϢ
οԼеָ
ָϵĽƾȻôǿᣬһʱȻƽⲻ
ָ֪ʲôãҲǲڰʦƲĿռָЩ黹ҪָĽƿ֪֮
żµѾˣ˹ƺҲΪɵԼʵڹԼãԲðŵԼΣԼġźƺԼ᲻֮·ָһЩﲢôصӡ
ֻźָӵⶫһкǧʿǿڱķʹ÷ףȻ洦ɼеҵ׵ʿŪⶫϡ
ȻһСӦĽͷ⽣Լ͸¶һɷȴ֪ɱ˶˲ƳɴⶫаƵģ
Ҷһ֪ⶨȻͯռԹֻʲһз̫죬ͯԼʱ䶼ûоͱѩɱˡ
ź㽫СƣⶫþȥҸ߽нЩԹ鶼ȲУ
˵⻰ͬʱ˸˹ϧʥʿʼ֮ʾԼУⶫƺйŹֵħ޷ƽ⣡Ҳ͢еܴﵽҪ󣡡
ˣӴʦţʦų
ʱһֱ֪ĻεĿͻȻһɤӣҵϵۡ⡭ǶǮ


017 Ҷĵļƻ
Сչ¶ӦеְҵʣȷûΣ֮̿ʼ䵹Ѱһпܴڵ
ҪѰһЩйصĶȴķһС澹Ȼ¼µŷе˻Լ룬òԶĵһѯʱɵ
⡭ǶǮ
ٶĺ˵עһ˲䣬е˶嵽˵Ա߿Ļ
ۣ
ҵϵۣ
ɶĺڰʦȻôǮο׬ˣ
仰һͻȻʶڰʦҶĴ򵹵ģôһʾ޿Ҷǰˡ
عͷҶԭŲ裬ӵǳȽźǺһ塣ȴˣҶʱȥҲͽͣʵʵԭء
ȵ»ʵǶǮ
ѧֱ氢ֵĻֱӾʹһ䣺40ڡ

ҶҲһѣ40ڣƺеÿֲʲôң
Ϊֲֶе𾪣Ѿָĸ˹һǰķһƣ֪̾40ھʲôңǡӢ
һθ˹Ҳе㲻ˣ˵Ǯþͺãʲô˻Ǯأο͢ôĻȻҲԼãΪܶ鶼ϲ̨棬˽Ļѷǳľ޴󡣱ʥʿڽ͢Ҹְȫǿ͢Ǯٻָ͢ĹνڰʦȻ٣׬Ŀɲࡣ
ÿγУʳסȫҪҪάֽ͢ҶĲһسеʥʿͽ͢γϵĹϵЩͣԽ͢ĲѹһֱܴôһʽˣôԼȥ˳ɻõ̻ʵʹ͡
Ҳһһʥ
ܿͻعЩǮ֧ȨƺԼλǰС
תͷҶģֻҶĶһƺûʲôӦ˹Ϊλǰĺ壬ȴ֪ҶѾʼѰ˼ʾ޴ĲƸӦʹòܴﵽԼҪﵽĿġ
ȣýʲƲתҵ¡
磬һƲԴΪ˱ķҶĵһʾ޴ĿΪϷʲµ˵ʾ޿ͨһѲϷֶξۼģԼµõķҲͬϷ
̸νʾ޿Ϸ֮ǰӦýǸƿȻµȥ汻ס˾¡Ҳĸ
ҶĵĻҲҶľε֪Լĸһˣ⼸ϡŹֵѾ̫࣬ٶһҲ㲻ʲô
˿ææ˸ոճеİź˵˾䣺ҸſҲ»ΣգҲȥ
˹ûжҶĵǰżɽԼҪ󣺡ҲҵҪЩͻҶõӦĻرģ
Ҷû̧ͷתԼеĲ豭Ҫֶ٣
˹Ѱ˼һ£ԼĿӦòף25%ǽ͢ʾ޿ȫɺϷʲתƵǰ£ҪκѣҲκλ˰
ʵϼ㲻ʣǮ۳κ˰ѣٻҪһЩľѵġ˹˼ЩѶǵõǲʽҶĻõʣȫ޿ٵ1ʿ
ҪԼȥЩҪһڷ˲ţȻøֶνʽϴס֪ĽϴǮֶο϶ǮˮοֶͨתƲƸҪϽõ۵ĸ߶˰
ܹʾ޿ɺϷƲԸָ͢ʾ޿һ룡
ҶҲСˣοǿ֮µ˷Ѿ˼ֶָͨĲƸ񶼱Ҷģ֮ƣʵɢһЩȥҶҲۣοܰԼ鷳
֮⣬һҪһϷݣ
˹Цˣʱڿһˡ25%50%λǰֻԸֳ5%ܹ͢һοǴ20Ӣľ޿ȥԼȫԲɵͬʱһ޴ľϲ
ֻҪԸ⣬ŷκһҵõһϷݡȻĻҲסҵõҳϵݣֻҪʱ΢һ㣡
һ̣Ҷ̵鵽ʲôǮùĥ20ڵľ޿ΪκһҶΪӭˣʾһЩͶʵĻôΪܻӭ
壿ǰľ˭⣿
ĸԶһЩԼȻѾ㹻ʽ𡪡20ӢǸѧУҶ붼߯ݳޡ
ȻܽЩǮҽȥҾҽȥҲʵҲȥ20ӢʵǶеֲ
֮⣬ҪǵľδԼ֪ȣ޷㹻ߣôԼѧУҲвӣ޷ԼҪϹȺˡ
ҶĽѾ˵Ĳ豭£Ȼɳϡ˫ûâ΢΢һڹ⣬һ󼸺Ϲת֮Ͱȥ
ԭ䣬ʱʱҪɢԼصģ
ΣԵȷҪԤϵǿһЩûǿܹоΣյľأûбҪ
˼·صղŵϣҶĵָԼнţͻȻڸŵĸ˹˵һ䣺㡭ϲʲô˶𣿡

˹û뵽ҶĻͻȻʳôһ䣬ԷӦеƬ̲˵ϲ򡭡
ˡƺϲ򣡡ҶͻȻǰһЦ˵ʲôУְֻҵܹվ۷塣һңһ˶Ա
˹û뵽ҶľȻҲ֪Ȼദʱʶ֪˶õĶӦöִһ˽ˣû뵽Ȼ˽ôһЩ⣬Լ̸˶
ҶĶʿЩͬ
Ҷ΢΢Цһ£аԵ⣺ȻͬӾִˣȴѾ൱һʱ䣬ԶںܶණҶ򡭡˶ҺȤ
ԭҶһֱԥԼԤƵľ޿λ֮ҪʲôֶŸ
ƬɵƵΪû֮һҶһֱôΪ޷κεĺôҿܻ˵ķС
ŸҲǽַģҪ򣬻Ҫ˶ǮеţƣһϲǮϲҫԼĲƸŸļ¡
뵽Ŀ꣬ҶĿ˼ַʽǶκһıݿٲûиá
ǵʲôļЧ̫һһѶѵĳ⣬ҶĵһͽǡҲ߿Ӱ˾뷨
Ļ뵽ķӾǴ֣ԭǵԼҶѰ˼ֲ档
ǿǵ֮Ǹ˾ͽ½Ƭأ̫ƽһߵĿⶼ˹ҶȫԽϰݷһЩԼϣʱһһΪעĽ㣬ʱܻȥѧУԼ룬ԼͻͰ͵
ֻNBAƵĹƶȣƶ̫ˣȥܻܿصżԼѹҪŸģNBAŸķȻǸǿ޶ͬȻݳ˰ˡ
ַҶľúܱƣҶα˵Ÿʽƺ̫䣬ȱֱ۵ĳԡ
񿴵˸˹ҶͻȻ뵽һǾŪֲ棡
ֲNBA˲һгȻѾγ˹̶Ŀܺ͹򣬵ϸ΢֮û̫ĳ⡣ͬʱתгϼֱǱ˭Ǯľ̨ǧǧĽһ֣Щ߶תøֱ۵ĳ
ŽŸøԼգǵöɵƣҲѼǧľ޿ֽƬһӳȥ
һ̣Ҷ˰ĪάǸ˹ˣһжΪ֪Ϊ˶˵Ŀ⣬ͬʱҲĳЩҪжԸ˲òԼЩС
ĳ˵Īάж֮ΪҶԺ뵽ķϡҶҪһֲȻתгϷԼĿ⣬뷨ԽԽǿˡ
븥˹̸һǰڵ̵桪ȱ¶һȤźȥɣʵԵ̫ͻأһЩοҪý͢Լƻ
˹Ҷ̸һ֮󣬷ǰ˹Ȼŷǳϸ̵˽⣬ȵǰ˶Щ֪ǷǳϤ
ϵۣ֪ǻʵĶʿһΪһ죡˹Ҷʲ˵ЩǾȣԼһָоǰƺκһţҶ㲻Ǳʾ޿Ͷɣ
Ҷļһڳ⣬ֳ̱һ²ģŶôһ˵һе㶯ģ
˹ЦЦҲѡͶӣҪ֪ǿʱҶԸͶҿͨһЩϵϵɭ塭
һҶ΢΢¶һЦݣƺǶԸ˹ǶģʵȴǳĲѵصĹɶӻǮΪ˳ģɶ˭㣿
֮⣬ӵ򻷾ԼҲҶĲԸ⽫ΪԼ̤塪Լ˷ȴΪĸ浼չʧܣԼƵ
οļ겻ͣ·Ҳ½ԼͶʵһﲻӴ򹷣
Ҫ˵ڽļĿȻҪӢԼ׼ҶеơǶԣʱ䶼ŵǳʺϹ͵ʱΣرϣܹйעҶֻýҲų
йƵһֱϲŵ¼ףϧǵ¼㡣һǵ¼һֱǿԾӪԼƻԭƶȵ˽ȥᱻЭѹʱǲ鷳
ȥΨһҶҪľֻӢˡУǸ˹ҲܽȦҲԼһЩ⡣ͬʱӢӢֲܹӵиԣƼȥӢȥģ
ͬʱļйԱӢ򣬽й˵ĿⶼӢ棬ǸʱԼҲܵõĹ˹עԼļƻһЩȻйƵûӢתȨҶ˵ʲô⡣ԼƵתȨ޷ǾǮˡ
ţȷһʱҪˣ
ҶԼ°ͣŸ˹ЦЦһ׼дϺܳһʱ䣬ҲĻͶһֲǲһ£˵ǸҲԣ
˹Ҳֻڽһ£ֻΪԼϲܹõһʽע룬ڵĿһЩûҲνҶǵģʮֵ⣬ҲϣԼֵ֧ӱһռʵղ˵Ǿ仰֮ͺˣһֱҶĲӦԼĽ顣
лϵۣ
ҶģѾʼĿԼӦùļӢֲˣ֮ǰڿǲӦȸԼŪӢգΪǰľ飬Źȵͷ»һЩ
Ѱ˼ţź³˵УͬʱһѾεڿĲ˳
һ˶ûʲôҶȴͻȻüͷһ壬ԳңңǸӷһ


018 ˿˹
Ҷڿĸо񡣿Ǹһ֣һŨĺڰϢҶԶҶͷγɣϵâ²ʱпܷ
ˡ磿
϶Ĵ֮ҶĺǾȣû뵽̶̵ļǸµ˾ȻѾɹ˵ӽɹˣȻ֪ĸ类쵽ʲô̶ȣôŨĺڰϢԲһдƷܹӵеġ
ϸĸоһ£ȻϢ΢΢ţҶȴܸоʢǿԱһʵʵĺڰϢ
ʵҶһ˸оˣںڰΪеĸ˹Ҳо˵״ʥʿڵһʱеĽȻһ⣬ȵ⻪ɢȥȻ۳һʥɵĽСղžսġ
ڰ
źͻ˻֣һʵ̨Ͼµµʵ飬Ѿٳɹλǿĸ˹
˹֪Щ˾ǾԼĶˣĳ˵һлֻǶŹ⽣ĸ˹Եеɵʥĵеһֿ־
źҲڵŸ˹˵һ䣺٣λʿ鷳Լûеˣ
ǫ̃׵ĸ˹˳ԼǸʥɵĽ˲ʧԵеΣлεĸоҲ׵·ƶԺһŷޣҲ͢ǿԽϵ״̲У̻Ҳа취ģ
˹Цһ£ǸһЦݡΪԼڿԲһˣܻҪһʱ
תͷҶĵķھֻͷϻһѳԼľѾٸоԾЩһѾ߸ȫ֪磬಻˽ˣǰһȺ֮һ
ƺ˿˹ԼĿ⣬Ҷ̯̯֣ͷϵǰѳ㼴ʧʱһף˼ĿҲƲס
ڽעһ󣬲ȷʵӵӦ֣
ҲǴŪֻб仯ʩչʱԸŻˡ
һȺ˽լӼ򵥵ѹһ֮һֱȵҶͻȻ˵˾䣺ȺһȲסˣʼˣ
ô죿
ʱźٺЦ£ӻͳһķ䣺ǱзԸǰȻʲôôԸȺȴ⣡˵һ˷һţһһţŷ֪뿪ˣ
ǱзùȻһʹ̾ͻޣ·֮ʱҲϢֻҪȥƷͱˣҪ˷ֻͦѡ
һӶڵĴԼԳȥȻһװŽŵĴС˾;Ȥֻǳ˱鷳ʱȺһˣһʿΧ˸ˮйͨ
ô죿ѵҪŻȥ
Ҳڴ˵߻سҲ㲻ʲôǶֻͨ˺ʹ״̬Ŀ˹˵ŻȥҪǵࡣ
ʱǿź⣬һﲻ֪ͳһǹǹǴ˵ģӵֻ˯š
ŶŶö
ƾ˶ԼġݡȻԶûлع֮ǰݳ뿪Ϊ˷ֹ˷֣źֱڳʹһǱз䣬һȺ׷Ҳû׷ˡ
ȵ˳ЧͻʧЧʱǾҪˣ
ʼ򣬶źİŶʾͬҶԲ۲źˣĿǰȻ㲻϶⣬ҲΪ˻飬Ѿʦɣ뽫սɽС
ôҲԼ¡
صźǼ꣬ûϢֱӾۼ˺ԺУµ˵ıѹƷмһԲϣʱηЩսƷ
ҶеǸָҲ棬˵һʱͽָ»Ҷϡ˶ΪûҶĵĻҪô׵ɱµˣõĶǲܵ飬ЩͷӦҶģǸźȵѾе⡣
źһһкǧ֮̾ͽŷ˳ɺܳ㣺òҲղ˼˹ǸʥʿҲãһϲŷ޵Щڿٺ͡
ľͲ˵ˣͨˣȻ˹һŨĺڰⲻܹ磬ݷ
ȻҶѾ֤ҲһԴ߶ôûƴǵıҪˡĶƺŮ˻ģжǿǻɰֵİͣ
ٿǵµ书ҪϣĿǰװʺЮƮϣо½˲٣ҲӦҶĻ׼ҲʹáƮӦñȽϽƵİɣ
ѩѾʼҶĥķţֻһ·ϾȻѾСɡ
ҶĲ²⣬ΪǱгɵĸ֣Ȼָֺʲô֮ĶеǶͬʱҲڱĽܴ
򵥵˵ʱľ񲻹Ϳͷˣĸ־أĸ侫ҲޱǿᣬǰȻ°빦
ҶܹôͿԳҲйأ⻹ҪǵԼǾٳ͵ĸ֡ҪЩһһĸϰ֮Ҫһǵ֮ǿܴﵽӦ÷书ˮƽľ硣
ʵҶеԷƱˣ˵Եģֻǳ֮ͷǳܹܡܹͦȥȻҲõ˴󲽵ΪûԼľԼ书ΪҲô޴
뵽ҶͻȻǶǸһɷ߱䣬ôľ񾿾жôǿ󣿡
ԶˣҶתͷоѩѩԼĵطвͬҶҪγϵλͷٻѨѩѡüӡѨ
Ҷ֪һЩĲͬµĽͶвֻͬϵͷְٻӡ֣ԼѡٻѨԼĵзҪ԰ٻѨΪϵΪԼӡѨǡþ֮̾ڣҪ￪ϵûٳǵͶʧˣԼĴȻ޷ȥ
ǻЩǣҶѡͷٻѨѩѡӡѨΪλøʣҶĵĸоУѩüĲϵľۼɫĽľȻһɫһ
ҶĴʱܹᷢѩüĳһײ㣬ʱȥ˭մɫȾϵָһѩüƵء
ҶĲ²⣬Ҳѩüĵǿӱɻ֮Ҳͻˣע⵽ѩԼüﲻԼͬʱͣڴһɽʱѩɽһԴʹȴ֪Ҫǿʲôӡ
ʦýԼĵ·ˣ
ҶڵȺ˷ϵһѶʱҲڲͣĦеöָǵڿָԼ챦ͼƿָĽƣԴ뿪ʼһֱҲŽ⿪һ㣬滹֪жٵѹڵ
һôƣѵָװʲôö
һʱҲƲҶǿƿ˵ڶ֮󣬷ֺĽƸӵǿⲻµܹµģƺָ;߱
ָϣҶĸоԼһָǶ˱ʯĽָôôһءԼһʺƣһʵı
ϵĶܿͷ˸⣬ʵϺö࣬һЩķ߶źòҲԽЩͬǡһЩĵ򱻸˹£׼ؽ͢ǻʦоʹá
ðɣ̸̸⣡
ȶҪľǿ˹ˡ⣬͢ԲܷһӵǿڰͨкֱײȵѡǽһڰεѡҲǽסͨƽ
һֿºˡ
ҶڽӦоΧ״ͬʱҲԽԽУڵһʱͨԼ鿴˿˹ڵԼΪһ塣ǺڰɢȥҲ˹أҶĿԹ۲ô͸
µ˵ȷмֶΣڰ˹ıԴںϳһ壬Ҳ˵ڵĿ˹һڰۺ壬Ѿˣ
ҶķĿǰȻƽȴĸſ˹壬ȵ֮ǿ᲻Ӱ쵽˹˵Ըһ˭֪顣
ôʲô취ܹȾҵĸ𣿡
ٶҶĵЩʲôȴĳȥĻԼĸ罫Ϊһǰ⼸ˣƺó
Ҷû˵ʵзӣзӲҪο˹һʱͱʾҲ͢ǻнİ취Ҿ׼ŷˣҲҲʰʰһȥ
Ȼ˹˹ȥҶҲͲˡ˵ȵ˹ʥʿ㲻ʱڳ֡
ǿ͸˹Ľ棬ҶֻǾһԿţҪЩ˼һԼҪ顣
˹ŷޣҶĿ϶ҪһȥģΪ20Ӣȥ֡µ˽ǮʿŽ͢潫ǮתԼء
ͬʱʽŸƻҲӦʽʼˣҶе˼ʵĿ֣꣬ʱҪͨ˹ԼϵһЩרҵ˲šҪĽʵʱüļƬOK
ЩҶĻ׼һЩ顣
˵Ϊһߣմʽ£Ͷǲеɵȵ̸֮ҶĽź˹
ֻ˵һ£¼߶ȥģҪŦԼҵϢһתһǮǮҪͶʵ˾棡ʱͿԶĳĳֲϯԼĳĳŹɶݻعˣݿѧУ벻עĿС
ź㲻λǰڸʲôǹĽӹֽȻ΢ɨһ֣ȸ裿
Ҷ¶һЦݣȻźļû˵Ǹղһ֮£źȴѾõһЩô
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źоһǿᴿӼԼľУȻһض·Ȼ⾿ʲô򣬵Ҳ֪ԼĸԵܹϢΪãͬʱ͸һй·ߣ˵ɱȵõʮõĶࡣ
ȵ˹飬ϢΪõʱɫѾ΢΢Ҷĸȥź㻹ǹĹߵ˼ͷִ֮ҵźʱȫʦҶġ
ҶĴʱȴںŮһʰҲûʲôʰģֻиһȴƤҪһߡ
㿴鲼ڵĺܱ׼ɣ⼡⡭ôǿ׳Ϊͽɣ
ҶָָԼŵ˫ۣǸǸϹӣʲôҲ


019 Ҷĳˣ
ŷޣӢ֡
Ѿ2003ˣҶĸŸ˹ŷ֮ڽ͢һ󣬽Լݸ㶨ȻͿʼѰרҵʿԼļƻ
Ҫ˵͢µȷǳοŷѾǧ֮õҪһ˵ֱټ򵥲
ҶӵӢ˫عȫϷܵϵݡ֮⣬Բ鵽Ҷĵĳ¼ԼСһƽϸ֤˿ΪҶ֤
ݱҶӢĻһ¶ֵһҹ¶Ժҹ¶ԺѾˣˣʡѧԺѧԺϸѧѧ¼ҵͬѧԼֻ֤ѧʼΪԼҵܶԼĲҵǹȸ蹫˾Ĵɶ֮һźѾҶĵķԸ£ĿǰصԼСʱס֣Ҫʲô
ôϸʱҶĺһȣҲԼĳڽϵʱһİͻȻܹ˵٣ͬѧþò˰
ã鲻ܷΪЩ֤˻ǽ͢ԱȫǡԼˡȻôͷ顣
֮⣬һŷ޵Ŀ˹Ͼ޴鷳ý͢޲ߣڽ͢У˾һصصĺڰѾ㲻ˡȴѲҶģѯ˿˹˵˼֮ҶĽһֱеһŽ̸˿˹
ʱѯ˿˹ˣǱһ׷ǳķţ˾ͿԽڵĺڰ⣬ޱǿ󣬻ܹ֤һࡣֻһȻѾͷǲ֤ܹȫ£
֮⣬ΪǱɵعҪѧĻǰ뱾ţҲǳΪɵĵӣ
˹ʱѾʼ˱仯ͷһСİƺҪǣָҲԽԽԽԽı仯е־壬Ҷа취̾ͬ⡣
Ҫͬ⣬Ϊ˱Ժڣұȸڶ棬ʦǶôҪ顭
ʦɹϸĽ˿˹֮û˼̫þֱӴӦҶҲ˳ƽ˹սԼڣֻӡ
Ҷ׼ڸ˹ģǸͬһתΪϵɫ
ʵҶĿ˺һѰ˼óɫûǾãȥɫ϶˵ĹͽɫŸдȻһĽ̵˿˹
ȥˣѾɫŲְ׶ϣӴĺڰ£˹Ľٶȿƿ٣ΪΪ˲ʲôС֮ģҲһЩ
Ҷڼ˿˹ܹȷһʱ˹ɫٶȻӿ٣ҲЩڰȫתܹ֮ɫƵһ൱ߵĲΡ
ĻɽҲ˸ǿս
˿˹ҶסԼѷ˾Ȼɫʮֵ츳һڿ˹ѧϰʱҲһȥҶĵİ»СһûӴĺڰܣȫƾ츳Ŭġ
ҲѾԴʹ΢İ׶˸߲ҵʱʱͻҶ밲ҶҲɴĽ˼ӡ
ôǰܺź򣬲е㲻˼
վڰƶ򳡵Ŀ̨ϣҶĿ˿һ˵򳡣Ѿ˵ҶĻָԼѾԼ˺ܸߵĲΣ˿ʱԼӾйٵһСţֻҪԼҪʱʹţͿԻָԭ״̬
Ȼеɳӣͦģ
źŷ̽ʱ˵ҶҲûзϣʵŻǴɳõСȻǶеڣ˭Ҳû涨ԽһǲȻɳӿԿ˫۷ӾС棬ͲƵķ
źҲѧϰӣϾǿʹ÷ҲӿٱݣϧźĿǰʵ㣬Լĸйٹһž͵ñײ
⼸ǸҲϵҶģϣܹõĸϧҶѾõ㹻ʽ𣬶ֳΪ˹ȸĹɶȵ04ȸ֮ԼۻһϷʵûбҪȥ׬ǵСǮ
ԣҶĸɴľܾλԼ˵һľˣרĵŷɽˮĴй䣬ûµϷϷԼţ˳̵̵ӡ
ͬʱȴչĳɹ
һֱ˽죬ʱչ̸ɣʽеĹǰΪӢƾֲϯ
һչнУҶҵרҵ˰ԼһУûڹǰ¶ҲԼڼСʱ磬ͬʱҪñһӢá׼
طֵ2ڶӢ
һOLƷŸ߸Ьһ㱡ɫƷǽ˫СȸԵĸˣѾϰִԼεĻ޴е㾪ȣѾӢʲôе벻ͨΪôһͻֵôǮ
ֻ
һװƺҪڻǰչԼķȣҶƸĴŶеһԱ˷ԣŹһŮԵ׼ڵһʱ˻µԱߣȻϲĿʼ
ƶ򳡣÷ѵԼڲһϵȽʩ⻹оֲ
Щ˵ˣҶĻ˻ֹסȸϲ˵ֻϣķһ˳ҡһеִ͵С
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ȸȻԼĻе㲻Ҳ֪ǰӲܹ˵ģͶӢˮƯ˾Բܹǵ˵ģţǰԼĺãǸŮˡ
ŮȻãҵСǰ;Ҫ˧һգ֮˾˵ӢŮְ飬ҲһǲһҲǲѡ񣡡
Ҷ¿򳡣һ
һжڼƻУҵ쳹磡ҪӰ쵽Լ
20036£緢˵𼶵Ĵ¡
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ⲻʲôŷʷϣһֲƶǸձ飡һδΪͬǣֵϰһᣡ
鱻عʱ򣬲˻Ϊ˽ڣֵԸһЦеӣЦˣЦһҲЦѵΪǵĺ׶صȺһһΪ˵𣿡
ǺܿģǵصıֽԼصķӰ񴫱κһ䣬ҶĵĴһ쵱оĴ֪Ϥ
ǵһŷƿһҾֲĻϰص֮⣬Ҷڷϵִܸʲô˵Ǿԡ
Ҹֵ˧׼㹻תʽҪ٣Ҿ͸٣
˼ǡûޣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵мߵһĻûޣ
˭Ҳ֪Ҷ˽ǣӾǮŸ׬ģƨޣ
ͬһʱ䣬ѡҶרŴδ£Ҷ²ûнй̫ʱ̸ΪֱӸ˿һΪ꣬нߵݾܾۺͬ
ҪǣҶĳŵԸ㹻ʱȥԼӣҪȥľǿһԮȻҶҪǮ
ô򵥣
ҶһʱԼΪ˵ˣһ֮ȫ綼ʶϰķΪڶ̶̵һʱҳӢתѣֵݸ˸Ѫ
ⷬٶڼ̵ʱԣңԶй˶ˡԽԽעӢйû뵽ȻиͬôȻܵӢǸ˹б˭ѾɹжİƺҶĽ˾Ҷ2000򣬰ͻ2000
תг֧ӽͳһϡ࣬ԼҶȴʼѰ˼˻ع顣
ЩҵϵԼӵ飬ԼΪ˳ֶΣҪĲǮԼڼǰֻ࣬ҪʱţȻʱʱھͷ¶ôͿԼ֪ȲʱķչҶĹȸ蹫˾ɶҲع⣬ʱһȵȸ֮ѾһСɧš
ͿԿʼٰعѧУˣµǿԿʼǰڵ׼ѡѧУַԼʼ޽ѧ¥Լʩ
ЩҲҪԼԳ棬ȨݵλҶֻҪԼļңָӣȻ˰һá
źѾ֪Ҷĵ뷨ǰȻ뵽ôҲֻ֪ۣǲŶͷϵĺˮ̾λǰȻͬ죬һ־ôĶҪԼʦЩɽͷӰˡ
ʱʱعź㣬ҲʱĴתתҶڹڵ֪ȾΣרЩԾۼľư֮ĵط̽˲Ϣ
ǰڿǳˣʱع˵ҪѧУˣЩ߾ͻͰ͵ɷ㣡
ɳϣϵҶҡҡͷֻͻȻҪһʱͺͳ
ҶĸͲҪʲô飬ʱȥ¶棬Ȼžͷڼ͡ΪԼܹıй˿˳ӢתȨ͸̨ƾһҲǺ͹ڵһЩ˳һЩǳԵĹϵ
õĻر̨רĿΪڹڵ֪ȡֻһ㣬Ҷľ;ԼƱûа׻
ź͸شԺ֮΢΢е㵣Լ˹ðԼɼİȻڵйֹеľܾеŤ
ǰ̵书
֮ǰҲ֪Լ˹Ҷĵļӣҿ˹ͨҶĴڵĹԼϵκˣѾͨûֻǿȥǿ׳ˡ
һֱΪҶĽ̵ĻǶ湦ԼӦķҲû뵽ҶĽ̵ľȻǹ
ǿϰ򰾽ǡԱɵӶʹ÷ֻƾ
ҶĵⷬдʱãԺҲ׼ô˵ȴû뵽Լⷬһź㾹Ȼһ㵺;ȣǸƼʲôֲĹһ
ǰǰʦšȻɣ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ԭԼǿޣҲнһΪʲôźôȣ
˾ȣ
ź㱾˵ѵǰ֪ǰ֪չ˶ãⲿ治ر˽⣬㹧Ľ͵߻ƾһЩֶУֻ֮жҵһӣͣڵ⹦ϡһѾˡ


020 㲻
ޣнҪɲ֣絤޵ȵһеһԱ
źĻǣǧ˭Ҳû涨Ҫֻһ·Ȼʽ΢ѾɵĴУֻһ̼ѣⲿԽӵһѾϾˡ
ʦųԣһ֧Ҳǰ˴УԺΪ޷ɴȥĿ
˵Ҳһ꣬͵ȴû뵽ҶǰʦҲɣҶǰ⼸һֱǱУ˲Ųö֪ʦţ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˳źĻͽȥ˷ɽΪɴУﱾһӦѾãȹʱԻعѧУȻѡƷоѵ˺Ϊɵӡ
⻰źûнˣȻ˵ֻϰ֮˼ѴУҪƾԼопڼеżǵʳǿ˲СɼҲ֮ΪгɵġӵĻϰڹʱ±룬ŪһҲͣڡСһѴ
Ժ˹һȭһȵĹоԼڵİɫȴźλǰһ֮˿޵еġ
˹Ͳ˵ˣԼҲ˽⣬һĺڰṩ㹻ıǸˡܲҲʲôõһǿɣǵĻֻҶĽ̵ġ
ȻҶĿһԭڹʲô˵׵޵Уôȥ̵ЩѧòƲҽ̵İɣ
ҶƺƳ뷨źһֱڿͥԺˣҶֱӾ˵ԼƻѧһʼֻѧͨŹǾԼǿ˵㣡Ҫ˵ڼҾҪڣ
ҪľѧУǸдĶ̨ʵ˭Ҳ뵽ҶҪ̵ܹɱ˵ɱСʵеѧԺ̵ҲȫǱԵĹ浶ǹӲӲĹеģֻܲѧû׼ˡ
Ҳǹô᲻鷳ϸһŪ֮ôܽȺϹ
ʵҶҲͨźԼʦϵȥԼҪ߿ͽһԹ׶ƻԭҲûȥߵֻ̫ź㱾ϵ
źƾҶõһ֮ԼΪ˲٣ǰһλеʱʦųȻɶźϲĵһЩ߰Ķ⣬ҲֶܹһɫĵӸеˣ˵ѾʼѰ˼źսţֻǾĸ»ڼ飬Ҫ˶þиˡ
ʱǸڹ׺ͻȻһɤӣȭ
Ȼȭյ䣬͵ǰһ磬׶׵ٶƽ״µϣһգ֮ͳ嵽˿˹ǰŨŨ׶ȭ¶ϵĻ˹⧲¾Ȼһȭ˸ţ˸Ǳһǳ카ȭķ
ȭ
źָڿת˸Ȼػ˳ư˸͵ףתͷҶġ
ûʲôһɽկˣ
˵ô˵ֻҶ֪ȭǻʵġָƷԺ͸еһûκ
ΪǰȤζźعͷķĿ˹˸Ķ
˹һȭ֮ڿ͵һշ󻹲ؾͰڳ˫һյλãȻϵİ׶ͻȻһ˻ɫ
Ŷ
ҶԵе㾪ȣû뵽˹Ȼ˻ƶƶҪȰ׶ֻ࣬˹Ļƶڸŵĳ̶ȣ˵ǻƶ˵ǰ׶Ⱦ˵Ļɫ
ླྀ
ſ˹һ󺰣ź¾һģȻĿɿڴĿſ˹˫ƳһԲ͵˻ڰ͵ϡ
٣˹Ӣò
˹һвȭûöа׶һȻе۰ˣκ˺
ףȫʹĲȭҲ޷򴩣˹ڵԽԽãԼһһӶ޷ӵеǿġ
˸Ҷ֮⣬ʱʱҲȥ͢飬ְΪµ˵Ĺϵ˹ڶԺڰʹһõϢĻնݳ
ҶҲûʾκηԣ෴黹޳ɡΪɫ˿Ļ֮⣬ǿսսԼļޣԽΣԽͻƵĿܣ˵һΣ沢Ĺ
˹ƵһЩͼѪ֮սܹÿ˹ͬʱĽЩڰȫתΪҶ㣬ЩڰĻ˹Ҳﵽ춷׶Ρ
ɫİסơ̡졢ϡڵ׼ԼԭһЩλ춷Ѿ൱ǿĴˣڲͣкԱȵҶĴŵҲȷﵽ춷ĻҲԲʵ
ֻĻҶĻûʲôԶ޷ɫ㡣һɫӵһ㷴Բˡڶͱɵӣ
˶֣ͣҶشߵͥԺУſ˹˵˾䣺ĲȭòССʵսԼĶ㹻
˵˫һվԭأſ˹˵˾䣺ȫȻң
⡭˹ԼʦԼͦˣϾ˶ϲ޵Ļû뵽Ҷ˵ôһ仰
ҶЦЦʲôǣʵ˲Ϊʦ㾡ܹǣ
˹Ҳȷô£Ҳٶ໰ֱӱԼȫĶɫĶһ𣬶һѾǸղǰ㵭ĻɫĻƶ
Ѿȫ˻ƶ𣿡ҶĿ˿˹ȻѾܿˣǰ̺ԲӦôŶԣ
Ҷ뵽˿˹ӴĺڰԿ˹սԼƺг룬˹ӴĺڰƺΣڲϱתѧԼ
ڿ˹ѾټתԼڵĺڰˣҲĽҶĹƵôԭ
һΣҶҪ˹ڵǱƷ
ֻ˹˾˫֮䣬һۿɼǿϵγһԲ״ָеõĲȭǿᣬʹߵʵԽǿҲԽǿ
ʱ˹ʹѾԳȻƣ磬棬ͬʱ˹²ŵĵҲԼһЩݺѺۡ
ſ˹һȣ˫ƿʼǰƳϷϤľ䶯ʱʵг˳̾Ϊֹǣһķˡǵİڸơ
ɫĲȭҶģҶɰԼǸͷͦ˫ֱͣΧźλǰʲôһǿʱȴȵļҶľȻܲвӲİ˿˹һǲȭ
˶澪ˣеĿ˹ҲԭءΪԼʦֽԼɢ߱ʲôû뵽ôӲһǣ
ü˾ȵǣ˹ĲȭҶĵ󣬾ȻʮֹͻȻӰղǹȻƸ͵ʧͻأı仯˶ؿһƵرŤ
ҶͻȻ˵ͷ˵һȻ˶ûзӦ֮ǰ̧Լ֣Ȼ˳һӣĶſ˹һģνһУ
δ䣬ƾѳҶĻ߰ԶĿ˹ֻоһǿᾢЩѡһɫĶʹԼʦų˳ȻֱԼ
ɫɢ֮ǿᣬȻп˹м֮ܵУһ˲ԼʦҪɱԼΪһſŴľľ񻰹еһƺҪ˶ɣ
˹Ƭ̣ٴηһǲȭֵֻһǲִӭûгֵԼֵһǲȭһ˲ͱɫɲ
ˣҪˣ
Σ֮£˹ͻȻúܲģֲƺ޾һǿͻȻע뵽Լĵ֮У΢һת֮ԼĶٴη˱仯Ļɫıɫſ˹һ֮£һ絶еɫͷ˳
ɫ֣ɫбȻڿɢ˸ɾ˹ʱŷ֣ɫľȻǻƶɵģ
⡭
ҶĲɫһڵڸԼʱԼΪԼʦбҪƭԼοҶչ¶ɲòУԼʦĶɫҲԲֻƶô͵
ĻֻԼʦ˿˹ղŷȥĶԼֽҪɵĸопҶĹзֽţŻԼΪҪƳԼڵǹͻȻֵ
⡭
Ѿӵ̶Լ˹΢еãȻҶ˹˽ͣڵĺڰûȫתڶӯܱ״ʲôʱ弫ǹɺڰܿܳң
ʦһӰɺڰƳȻɫתΪԼܹٿصס˹ѾȫҶĵ⣬ǣ浽Լĺڰ⣺ôѾ𣿡
˹ȻֱӽԼĶһȼһȫ˳ˡʵԶôãҶĻش͸ûô򵥡
ǱƳһ֣һһнЩڰƳûˣԺֻܿԼϵ̽Լ壬ԼвԼƵѱܽǱڵΣ
ҶĹƣ̶֮󣬿˹ѾЩԿǰ¿˹ҵ˺ڰ֮Ҳ޷Լ仯⣬ھͲõˡ
ڲַӱףΪڿûһʱȡӴܣûƳǱֱӸˣҲ̫ˡ
ҲԺúý̵һ¿˹ĶԼǶĸ·ʽǿ˹ܹеļţһ̶ѰѪ˻޷˹ʲôΣգǿߣҲб
쿪ʼһµĶ
أƨƨߵ˹ϣҲѧһЩö
Ҷˣ׵е㾪̾ͷԸеͷۣ㡭Ҳһ
Ѱ˼һ£ҲһЩȽϺõĹãϧͲڣԼǸʦʡ
źַԸ˼䣬ʼ׼عѧУҶԼȭеλãʱûа״ͺʲôûһ
㲻廹ǲҲ˷˰һεٻᣡ
ѧ岻ǵˣҪ֮Ѫɣȥǹȥ
ָô֮󻹺齱


021 ع
㲻ԸȭʣǲS׷ŵĳԾΪ˶Ըֵ岻
Ҷ⼸ٻΣٻûķ֮Ѫ޷岻֮⣬㲻Լһ׸ӿӵľʿԭҶĶڴָˡ
ٻǺͷ齱ʽĽҶĽһٻѡԻ챦ٻԸõ˵ڶõϼ쾧
̵ĹѾӽɣԼѾǸɫ쾧ȡ֮һƬɫǺӵ쾧ȴҶƲǰֻǺӵĻѶҪ٣ͽǺӵŵһԣרĵոյõõϼ
㲻壬ҶҪȥΪŹȫǾһɣ붷תƻ˵ǬŲеƣ֮ͬŹҪ
ؼϵĽܣ㲻Ա֤ڳܸϵᷢ޷ܵ⣬ٸ߾һˣ㲻ܹԿ޵е岻ȷЩŵǿᣬôʹ߿Խⲿɢȥ
ԭУSڳŭһǿޱȵȭʱ򣬾ͽԼ޷ܵԼɢ˳ȥԼܵ˺͵΢ĳ̶ȡ
Ȼǳܵʹ߿ɿصķΧڣôͿ綷תºȥӾǳ˽ԷȥͬʱԸԼӵе
öǿҵˣֻҪǿ̫Ҿӵһս֮
ȻǱӰԵնԷΪãԼγһɶԷɵķһĶֱͷ۱仯֮֮ˡϧǻΪûз֮ѪؼأҶֻõѡ
ͬʱҶŹʱͻȻ뵽ڸSͰεʱƺѾȫʱţռ˲֪ã˿ûаϻļ
ʵⲢȭӹĴڣȺΪʱļһ֮⣬ǸSھȻٶһͿ
źԣҲеһ֣㷨Ȼȴ;ͬ飬󶼻֮ϣֻҪǰҪŬ࣬ǰڼûϵ棬ΪһЩϵ෴ֻпһؿԳ֮Ч
ҶԼĸ첲һ˫۰ǿȴҲ֪ԼΪǿǵżûп
Ȳ˵ٶʼױ¶ź˰˳ҲøһѾϾ꣬صֻһЩͷá
˵õĻԴ֮Լʳ½ÿԷǹʹȻûһΪԼоȥԵġ
Ϊ֤ԼĸоǶǴҶʱѾһûнʳֻÿȵϰˣɽޱȣͬʱ㣬ɸо
ϸ֮̽Ƿ֣ʱԼתҪƽ࣬ͬʱųƺҲյһ㡣
ѵ˵ҲѾٹˣ
һ²ԶȴûҶֻ뵽ֽͲ˵ͨԼѯѩԼ֮󣬲ŮҲȺʱƵˣǷּ²ԶҲûʲôӰ죬ʱԽľԽ󣬶ֻ£ѲĻ
ԭˣ
ҶĴµڵԶǼ˵ȻѾΪ˿п޵飬ʵĽһЩʳﲹкôġֻǲʳͬʱҲմȾһЩЩ˵ãǶ˵ȴҪһٹȼȥʳ
޿ƾʳҪΪ⻷ܹż˼ŵһϾκɶҪͣѪҺܳõĴȥûˣһ⣬һԭ
ȻԿٵĿнż֮·ȴΪĶԽΪ̣Ҳ˵޶ӦҪɵĴУֻżѣѰ湦Ҫ࣡
˵Եģֻڻó֮ǰؿȴˣ˭ҲԼŬһȴʲôҲû̵ͽһϣɲ˻ġ
Ժǲù
˵ͷɺԼסʮǸ粻һʲôһʦĹʱǸƨԼţĳɵһһܸĻó֮Ч̾ͻƨˡ
ʱҶһֱ˼Ӧνǳ˼ӴƷ²з֮ûκεķӡ
ĸƤ˭Ҳ֪˾ģο˻һƱҲǰһ˻صĺ죬ڶͰ˸һɶ

һ̾˯ŵѩ˫ۣԼʦЩӱԵúܿģΪһķչڰԤڽУò˶ãǼ佫ΪɽɽѧУͿԿˣֻÿҶܵѩãԼʦܻҹ˾ʱü˼
ʦ֣ʲôĵ˵ɣʦҲ벻ķӣ˵ܱȱĺã
ѩԼҶЩͬʱᣬԼǶԲ˫ڵס
Ҷ˳ֽԼӱѩɢķ˿м䣺ûʲôҪոͽеѣ
ѩ˶ǰڵҶĦһ£ֻԼûʶǾֱοԼ๫ĵ˭˵׼ȵѧУҲҵƷʾѵĵأ
Ҷĵ뷨ǲʶƷУκʲѵĻѧϰһӶ벻ţֽĻ³Ϊ˱ҪǳΪֵˡ
⵼ҶԭһЩ뷨ȫñƷܶ鶼һЩȷԣҶûˣԼ毺õĺǻֵϸƤ
ʦ֣ˣ
ѩҶĵĴֿʼζҶһۡȻѾãҲ˼Ĺ⾰ֻѩЩԵúǱأÿζĳܣԲῪҪ
ÿζҧ۲һҶĺͷۣƾ뷨跨ѩǲϳ½һСķҲʵ̲ס˲źߺ߼£Ѿ޶ˡ
һˣԼûѩȴҶĵĺʤģÿϾһս˸ڵأֻǿϧǵĿǰΪֹҶΨһĳɾ;ԼܹڴlϴһЩϲּС
գѩ˫޳Ͼһ㱡ĺɫ˿࣬ΨһҶĲˬܻὫԼĲڱ棬Ҫһ۸ͦѵġ
ѩ˺һ̽ƽԭ֮µĹȣϧԼʦøסԼֵĴ֣˾䣺ղأ
ιʣ
ѩ΢죬һۣʦ֪ʣ
ٺ٣
ҶĻЦһ£ͣԼֵ˫֣ȻôѩʦãҲ뿪ˣ
ԼӢһΪϰȻҲõ˳ֵعʣԼһڶӢΪ齨ĺҲչֳӦеϵϯµƺ˶ý׷Ķ
ټ̨ǰӢĽĿѾʼڹڷӳڹڵҲٴֻҪȵŹȸкǵͷֱɱعھһOKˡ
ѧУ飬źǰ˵绰˵Ѿȷ˵ص㣬ڶüɽɶҲԶԶԣȻһƬɽǽͨҲܱѰΪʺɽ
ƤѾ㶨ˣҶĸͶʰУصЩͷͷǸ˻Ȼʲô谭ҪҪʲôôҶѧУһ˰պ͹ɼЦҶѧУٰˣôְҲָտɴ顣
ҶЩʱ°߶һ䣺һȻﾫﾫģǰЩС˵УǸ鷳ݹȻţ
ȻҶ⽫ԼôҲȷƽãͨǻܺڰڼӣҶһǹǹܵͨˣǻ޿ϸͶǮĽٸ鷳ǴԴ
Ҷָʾϵ˾޽ѧУҶĸһرָʾеĽ϶Լɶ໨Ǯ
ź㱾ҲôĿǣѰ˼ҶĽأλǰԼ壬ֱӾӦ˵󲻴˵ССôǸɣҲвٹϵ߶ҪϵһЩĻ治¡
ҶĽ˼֮źͻȻɵһλʦǰ棡
Ҷûд𻰣ֻ˵˾䣺һȥ˵
Լȥһ𣬲ڻعҲ⡣ȣûʲô̫ĹϵƾʲôһҪҾͰͰ͵ܹȥۺôҲһ֮׻ҪڵġҪӢҲˣõӴʲô飿
ΣԼûγ֮ǰǣ̫ǵԼ˼ɫ֮ٿʼɱ磬ټǸʱԼеʵֱҪȥǸʲôر֮Ҳеһ㡣
ûҶĴľǲһ˵̣Ǹʱͬʱɽɴһʼ͸Сӡ󣬺ǽԵɺϵĴ²ɽԽʢ¡
ﲻУһʼ͸СǾͺתˣһҪһסȺӡ
ŰɡҶˣ
뵽ҶĲԾ죬ſҶĻѩʺŵ̧ͷһ䣺үˣѩſſҲ˯ԺˣʱѰԺԲŻôʡ

ּӢ޼ɣչ¶Լǿ󣬲һ֧ͬʱŴҲΪ˸ýע
Ҷֵ춼ˣ˧ǿǵһſԲŵĴ죬ֻԼΪϯԼſʱʱ̿ÿÿҹĳŰϡ
ȻżҲһϷƬڶͻȫŻվϡ
Ҫ˵2003е˭ϯҶľԵ֮Ƕתڻûʼʱͷų˺ԣΪбҪǻڶǿӵʵ
һ仰һ춼ڱֿ˭˭˭ḻĳĳǣͼƶ¡ҶϵĳǣҾڰԼҲʱʱҶġ
ͬʱ̨Ҳʱļ˽һЩɷҶĵʱûвųƬΪһЩ˳
ϣҶëһŰֽд˼֣Щȫνķõļ壬ԼֽһƯë֣ҶִһƣƵ˲˵Ĺעڴڽʱ֣˲ٱֽͷ
ḻǹң׳ع
XXҶ϶Ҷʹõڵƹ򣬿·䵱һ
ҶдԹĻǳӢۻС󣿡
ƸĳʾҪһҾ͸ʶʶʲôƣ


022 Ժ
ֽһԣҶֻڵЦЦ
С󣡡
һԵıֽϣĳλԳƴҵոְڳһǳԵƣȻǾ޴ޱȵı⣬ζһĿȻ
ҲҲôأ
Ҷ룬Ҳ˵ûԼǰǷΪںܶƾһڹ⳴С
ĻԼòЩƲԼ治ʲôֵ飬׼ѵĵԼعȻøԼһأ
ݱֽʵǹڵıֵֽصһұ緢ؿȫΪԼϯԼǰǳķ粨µһЩý忪ʼעһЩţŽйýϵŸת˹
ȻҲһЩؼߵݲϯ⵽ͬսع֮ʱɾ֮֮Ĳ²֮ԣȻҲֻ˼ȺԼţҲ⣬ҶΪֵϯһֱе㲻ˬ
񿴵ҶĺԼͬƺˣȺԼţǾͱſϷ̬Թۣճ˭ǻֺһ¡
űֽҲûʲôģ
°ƣҶĶŻµˣʼͰɣ°볡ıʼˡ
ְƶ򳡵Ŀ̨ϰͣЩѾΪҶĵĹرʱΪڵʱڹڣڼнĿΪ·£˵Ĺע
ţһ̿϶֪жŵԼԼںЩҪŴˣȥ֮˭˭֪أ
Ҷô书ɲǰģοھʹ֮㲻ڹҲЩֻܲͣǵǿ˲֪١
ΪҶ书ȻڣȻͬʱҲڲͣĴԼӽǣϰ⹦ʱ°빦ͨͨһƣҲ֪Щǿ϶١
򳡻ԸֿһʤҶĺǿģûȥӵ˵ֱԼס
ѧУǱѾعʽճ̣ͬʱҪþֲԼԼѧУߵ飬ϾֲԼԴͷѧУûг֮ǰĻԼҪĻص֣ô⴦ͲҪˡ
عסأ
Ҷ룬ֱӾѧУ޽һߵסլѧĹһΣͬʱѧУƸĽʦסҲһˡ
ѧУȻɽǺúõĽЩ⣬¾ֻܿǼ˸ȫĽѧˣ
ҡͷ˼ҲŲҪЩ飡
ѩ¶ĽǿһЩҲǰ͹ĽʳûɽĳȥӰ죬λСŮڽĻָ˱ӡʵҶҲϲĻ£Լƨɺ棬һѾͷƵʵȤ
ָƯ·ȹ˻µ˫ۣʱЩ·ƺ¶ֻ̫ԼﴩҶĿ綼ҲϰˡȻɺǱأ㴩ȹҲܹϥǵ֣ȹֶֻᴩҶһ˿
סﻪµԱרſһ䣬·Ь֮ĶģԼģҲвҶĸģĿȻԶҲЦеĽ£ȻҶĵĸȤζ
ƺҲڲٺүˣΪӦᣬڹϻµҶĵ˽˶ΪƯĲ񻰵ŮҶĵ˽ֻŪҶΰסԼһӣȻĿŵĴһŮ˵ܵģ
ֳ£¶ǺҶġϰ壡
˽ɾû׼ˣȫǿʲôʲôķʲôϡŹֵĶܺĳ
˵ҲûʲôãԼıЧãҲĵҶڳԼһֱȴʼղܵóѵĻ
Ĵǻſڴ϶ãһ΢һ㣬º˽ѩɫĺҶĺüۣöûҶϻǸģҶһԼ˴ĸС
𣿡
治ˬźһȴᣬƵҶֻýʣľȫй˽̵ϡ
ȻѾѧȭôҽͽ㡭
ǲȭ𣿡װ˸ͣǲȭơ
ϷʹõļҲǺȤ򵱳ҶĽ̵ʱҲֱӾѡȭ
ǣҶıһУˬԾǲ׵⡣
Ǳʲôֻ˸ͣĳһ䣺˹⣿
ҶԸоԼϳһЩߣȻҡͷѧӻ治ᣡ
ץץͷȻ˫ȭƽٻ
Ҷֹס׵Ĳ²⣺ˣҲˣǽ㼸Ʒ
׼Լ²ȻһʦҪ̵ģһתѲʦҪҵǱ
˵ЦĴյҶǰʦ֪᲻У
У
˫־ٹͷһоץƣȻ˸ǰĶ˫ֺͷƵһϹһҶĻǲǱ總ˡ
ʵӵһϳװڵʲôˣԴҶĳξ̾ȻһƳ׵ĺϡ
ˣúѧϰһƷˣ
漴ҶĽԼüΪƴһ飬ٶȲԵúΪܹĸһЩ
ʵԼΪսҶҲƾԼǰǳԣƷǸ沢ĵһ·ƷֻǵԼֻʽ仯ȡʤȴƷеྫ
ԼЩ¿רϰ򣬼Ϲ»͸Ʒеྫ
ͬʱϸĻعԼ书ֲ书Լߵ߾ЩƬ桪ԼٻؼȻϸţϸĶЩڹؼʽϷô꾡ණҪԼС
һ꣬Ǳߵȴһ޾ɵӡ
ôף
һࣺʦǹôƵģʲôһ´ϡ˵Ű˸ֵƣֻּͺһ¸첲һյʱҲᣬֻǿԼĸ첲һ£Ͼͺķһ㡣
Ҳй򣿡
Ҷɫ˭涨һҪֱֱȥĿģ˵ߵһʯԱߣ˵һ䣺ˣ԰ջһƺֻʯһ°ˣȴ͵ķ죬ǱȫʯϴһȭҪ
ȵҶĽ£ʯ϶һǳӡȴҶʲһɵģ·Ʒ֮ΪʦҲδȫ͸ֻҪƷ㹦ԽҲԽǿĿǰΪֹΪʦû·Ʒļޡ
ͨ๦УܹŹԽǿĹʵҲ٣ЩȴԼܹƵһޣƲ⹦¾ʲôֻףҶе׽͸ƣƷһЩ
ϧȻಿأȴ䲻⣬Ҫӡ֤һҲɵã
̧ͷٿף˵ɴ˫һŵĿʯϵӡһ£Լһ֮Ī˵ʯһӡˣŵĳӶû
ʦԼֵľȻ㲻ãҲԵеΡ
ҶҲû˵ʲôֻǵƷֲͨҹЩѧѧͨ͸ȴҪһ๦УȽƷʽһЩļɴڸ㣬ܹﵽʲô̶ȣȴҪ˵Ŭ̶ˡ
ΪܶйĶ䶼õۣЩ˸ͲЩʲôŹϵĳɾͻΣȫǲȥúϰϾŹ˵ѧʽͷɾ˵ġ
о޴ľ͵װٱǧʮʽŽ伫ڣô͸ʵŹܹõ㾳Ѿ˼ʲô仯ǽ׽ȽƵĹ򴫸ףҲһա
ҶҪǵȴЩҪ֪׾ֵֵֵãôԼȻ̵ûǸģôԼôõȣԼڸЩѾ㹻㲻ٶ̵ˡ
Ƶʽ˼飬Ȼһһʽİ׾Ľÿһÿһʽηʲô仯¶һ飬ȵЩ鶼֮Ǽ¹ȥˡ
ʱҶĵֵһؼֽն
ؼĽܣŹȻն֣ȴһƷȴƷ·Уǲ˼֮ȫȻ߱ʲô׹ʩչ
Ҳ˵նȻʽȴ£һ׸з⾳书
ǼˣҶҲΪʲôгŹΪԼǵŹĳƺʲôر̬磬Ҳ˵ŹԭеȻǿᣬǺԼгһ߰㣬ֱûɽ书ǰβ˲١
Ϊʲôأ
ҶĵĽָԽԽĪˣ˿ȶĸԼṩ챦쾧֮⣬ʱٻȫûиͷұԭӻҡ
ҵõϼûɣٻɾͰװ׵˷ˣ
һӣһųϼƵУõϼˣоŻһҶһӣɢȥԼΧȴ£ɼ˹֮ǿᡣ
õϼһֻǳϰɣ²֪ᷢӳǿҶĶڻ챦ԽͬʱҲʼΪŮĹ
ѩרüǵԼŽ׳ˣѾɾͣüӡѨϾȻһɫӡǣһƯĶһǵҶʱʱһ¡
ʦĪ֣СҷŽˣ
ÿҶĵͼᱻѩ仰ˣ֪ѩɲ˵ЦüһзǳȴҲΪǿ֮ڡ
ѩʹҶĻҪټ֣һͷѾüĳҷ˹ѸݣҶҲȫмܲӦסԼǵҪףǵԼʦôŭֱӷų
ȻԽǳ֮ѩལ治֪Ӧѩʲôˣ
ϵۡŶԣָ磡νɣҪĳɲ
ܵõ׿ŵԵԪɽı̬ѩʲôˣֻһ׹Ϳɱˡ
ֻԸҲ֪²ܴɣµħȴѾ˶ˣֻƾԼڵų쾫ԼȴѾдûѩԲͣĹ
ÿźһͷɽկȷףϻ±ҲʱõİΣ⡣
°
ʲô
үЩһֱ룬ҲӦÿԼԺˡ
ЦЦ֪ҶڹԼ˿˿ͬʱҲشһֱ밡еͷأֻвٵطף
ŶЩطףҿ԰㣡ͷһ۵Ļ£Ҷֻһаڶֽ̧ǿߵ׵ȹ˵ǻһ߰һ˵ɣ


023 Ƹ
2004췢˺ܶ顣
ֻ˾ֲӢ׸ھϰӵʽ֧Լֵս
ȫֵԶڻ죬Ϊһںʱ
ȻЩٲһЩϰļһЩ˷˴ϣ͸ֹϵ֪ҶĵʲԼ20Ӣ£һ͸1ӢʽҶĵʲֵܹʲôʱ
һЩҲ˲˵ģǺܿ죬һıеԶ衣
ȸ蹫˾ʽݽ飬󾭹һϵеʽСֻһͨĽϢؼȸм۸Ϊһ85𣬿һ֮ÿɵļ۸ͳ100𣬶ǵͷû˿½
ȵһ֮󣬹ȸֵ˰ٷ֮ʮңζųдȸɷݵҶĵҴȵҰƣʱƺͷ⻰ȸֵ۷ÿɽӽ700ܹɱԼ3ڹɣ
ڳӢڲ̸ͣʲйǱҲڲۣͣΪֽһḻˣ
µе֣΢ӣôôŤȻһŮʿװϻһƽ۾ұҲҶ֮Ц
Ǿò
¸Ҷһۣ񽥽ָԭԸĻҲҸҶİˣȷ˸ǺȻҶϲúǸˣϵȷемܲס
Ҷıһ£뻪ҡҡͷܾˣѾˣֻǸоеŤܹ黹ǲӦʹ°氮֣ڴl֮ҲҶģ
ѧУѾ޽ϣ׼ʲôʱţ
ҶһѾص˹ڣʱ·ɻʱýķ񱨵ҶֵЩҪԼÿļһﲢûг֡
΢һףȺһǴƵͷΪڻ֮ǰѾҪһѧУų˷ͬʱʽʼƸĽְԱЩ̨Ҳ˽ĿȻҶĸһЩֻۣ˵ЩֽƬȥٶν
Ѿ޽õĽѧ¥ѧԼְԱĶűڵϲ˺ö飬ϳŵ˸нôõĴȷ˲ǰӦƸҶĽҪľǴѡʵĽʦȻѧУͿʽӪˡ
ʦֻѡĿεʦʦȻԼŮ˼ְָĻôѡĺõӣ
ȻʲӦƸʦȻֻӭοЩѾɾ͵ʦУ˵׼вӣֵĻһɽԼɽɡ
˭˵ͽֻܴѧ
ҲģǰԴͽסˣΪԼֻѧѡͽܡΪԽԽãڼҹ򡣲̵˿˹֮ʶҲûļֵؼȷ׺ʵĹ
ɫѾ֤ʹóĹͲ˵ˡǸ壬ȻͨǿǿʵķЩһ⹦ѿڼҹžϰĺˣôԼɽܶһˡ
عӦķ֮ڵ˿еҶټһ䳡УһȺȺǰӦƸʦǡ
䳡ܴƴһô󣬿⻹ѧУСһݣǸһһ൱Ĺڡ
ѧУƫƧɽãܹɾĻƤȴκε鷳Ҽ۸ҲǱȽϹ
ҶֻǺվ룬ΧΧŵľһȺȺǰӦƸġ֡ǣҶĸɸѡʦĿʦһɻԼźȥӦ
ҶĶĿʦҪʵߣܰĿСѧĿγ̵̽Ҳˣ߲εаţҲҪЩ̵һѶγ̣͸ˣһЩĿΣѨԼ鷨
滭׼ڣѧѧǲⵥһγ̣ȴѧѧġ
ΪҶҪƸĽʦҪԼѧĽʦȻҲвΪN֤飬ΪҶӢʦķ롣
ЩҶڻӢأܵĵЩ˭Ҳ鱾Ӣǹعǰˣ󵶡
ҵһԳŷѧӢﻹͨ¡ԣһžĻʵ˵
ʲô
Ц£ҸղŵǾ仰õľǵԼѵû𣿡
̫ˣûзӦλѧ˲ͷϿĺˮǸŮ˵ıҲһʼԼġҶĵԽԽǳߵŮȻҲΪ˽㡣
ѩҶӵͷһЩпһ䣺ƯѹҵһţXϹȻҲ˻˵һ䣺Ư˵㣬ĺ˵𣿡
֮⵹Ҳûˣµ඼ǸģССۡ˵ȵȴʻ㶼͵ͷϣ˶ΪһƾᣨòɫĻƿŮӦƸĲҲ뷨
ֻһ̣Щ˹ͷƿҲõĻƿƾ軪ޱȵ֣Ҷ˽ȷ㹻ְ
ַ˷˵ļ滹дֻЦҡҡͷȻ˵潫ļͰƸĽʦҪ¼ϵЩܣѧУؽʦƷǲҪһûװԼƭӣ
ȻԱƣŸλ̨ȥˣ
ɫ԰׵˳ȥеԲת˼תû뵽ʱѧĶóͱ˺Ūȥأ
źһλǰȻô˵Ц£ѧһ궼ţλãȥŷ޸תһȦͰŷ޹ҵѧ˴룡ˡ
֮⣬ߵƸ˳ΨһƵľʦ̫٣󲿷ֶǱżΡ֮ĿĿġ
Ǳ߻ҶͲôˡ
ڽǰӦƸġָ֡PASS֮Ҷ鷳һβͣеȸߣӦǴѧŮôվҶĶ棬ȻҶʲֻǿ˼۾Ͱ˸ȥΪʾ˷߿
ʲôʸЩ˵ʵ
ǰǼУѡֻģԼϼҸһ˽ѧУҲǸˣΪԼǼͬѵʦķӦûʲô⣬ϵԼȥŴоͱǸ˸ȥͶûУǷ޷޲ƽ
Ҷ׺ŮָָԼıӣѧУĴʼˣҲѧУУ˵ʲôʸ񣿡
ΪǸβЩȺ鼤ܵ˴ʱһȥΪҶ˵Ļȷĵ
˼ҳǮ˼Ҹķ룬ﲻԷҪ˼Ȼ㣡ûʲô˵ģȷʵûбﲻʸ
βŮĻе£û뵽羹Ȼô㣬ûбҵΪӦͦõģҶȴĽĻˡ
Ǯϰ壬Ӿʸ񣡡
һȫ˵ͨĵȴ޴ӷǲԸָԼ˵Ƕ˶Сϰ䣬ȫǼҴĹѾӽʮ꣬⸽Ҳ㾿ﲻУ˵Ҳķڷ
ҶıѾͷģ֮ⷬɫеͺˣ˶Լһ׹ûͺȥе㲻ǲ⣬ӦƸǰ첻ȥˡ
ҶĿˣΪĹȷСòԣһҲĲ
˵·ûƴĻһǳһİƣ·ƷԸƣʽ仯ѸղŽһװƴʲôӣз任ϺʵǻӣҲа𣿡
Ǻ͵̨ƺҶΪ߳ƨҵҵʱװ׸Ҫ죬仯Ҫ죬ܷƷʲôȴʴʣ˵ҵĹҲͰˣȻ
ҶЦЦŲҹܲţֻǸʵˣ
Ҷĵ۹⣬ȻƵĳƷӦʲôӣǺǰ˼оͱҶƳƷôʹáȻ⺺ʩչʱԳƷı仯ǰƱͲԱ仯ȡʤʹ˫黨״仯ٷҲޡƷصɵģܹ
⺺ӳƼ˫ۣƼ侢ʮ㣬ôЩ仯ܹӦеЧֻһζ죬Ƽ䲻ʵôƷͳ˴Ļӣûʲôá
ҶĿѧУҪ̵ĿɲǻӣĹȻƵϡ
ҼҵƷ˵ʵʵ
һҲҶе㲻ˣҶ˵ƱֵĹ򣬸ҲǴѧõģͲ֪ܵƷΣ
ʵеҲڹѧУյӣƻɵƷʱȫݴʱҲֵܼҴƷ
ẺڵҲЩ˴ƷֻǸŵƳʲôŵȻЩ˴ĺԼƺͬǲƳʹʱ𣬳ҶֲһƳйؼ
ֻڳУû˭ܹҶͬΣӽĶûС
Ҳţ
ǲ޹أڸ¿ȥ𣿡
Ǻһʱǵͨ죬ǸβŮƲȥڶҶĵ˵ô࣬ǰҲΪϤҪһ׽ƣ˵Ǿ㱻̭Ҳķڷ˵껹һ䣺ĪֻˣƤӣ
٣ѾͷƬӻ漤ҶҲһʶǶǺӹ˹ָҹУúÿӦδ򣡡
ҶĻͶƷȻû¹๦ϰΪʩչʲôǿᣬҲˣˣʽھֲ趯ãһ͸ûˡ
ԼٻõİǷİͬҲûпǹЩŷӣҲʽƵ˿Լõ๦ȻĹв죬ϻͬġ
ҪľһŹּҪȴûʲôͬҶѰ˼ؼԭԼЩС˵ߣдһŹʱο˺ܶʵڵ书ԲŻ㡣
ҲҶʹƵƵų֮һЩһ۾ƳҶĵƴ䵱һйУ·к֣ܶں⾳Ҳв֮ͬΪƷʽȻвͬǷ⾳һµġ
ǺҲǹֱ֮ˣֱӾҶǰڿ˼ƾҪҶĹСôҲٲд裬ֻȴûһټԹģҶһ˵ʼ⺺ӾһǰʹֱȡҶСֻе;ȴȻһת·ȡҶ
Ҷļ״ֻ΢΢һЦҲ͵һֻ̤á顯һ죬ͼҶǺ֮ƾȻһǺǰ仹û⺺ӣ⺺ԼоһɾֱȡԼС
ôͣ
ƣ⺺ӴδؼƳҶʹõȷǰɣԼǰԷһУ


024 ʦѧ
ҶһȥѰ˼˻ԾȣȻͿ˳ƱУʲ⺺õһб仯ˡ
ȴĹķˮֻһȴҲЩܹмܵ˵ģԼһƾȻƷ磬ͽ⺺ӾʲôƵˣʱ㶵Ĳ֪룬ҶһյļʱûĴϡ
ˣ⺺Ҳ˺ü󲽣ֻǱҶһƴ˵ģֻԼҶһƸͻûԼôಽһǾһŵġ
û°ɣûˣβסԼѣ̹۲ԼѱˡֻСȻӣγһӡŮҲǱһô
Լ˵˾䣺ûҡ
ӡ
Ʒѹģڴ֮ǰͣˣԼŵôಽ
һβŮǾֻԼѶȻǱɵˣô˵Щ߰㲻ϳĻΪС˵ѹϴһӡӣ
⺺ӱ첻ԣҲǾʲŷ̫˼飬ԼȻΪҶһƵĵȷȷû˻ȥ
ԵҲˣʮҲǰģȻȡʤԱ仯ȡʤɲȷĸȷʲһƼԼܹмܣǷ仯Լ˳ɾͻᵹ¡
һһ鲻ף
Ҷĵ˵ͷʰɣ
˵ȡʤΪҵȴԽԽãԽԽã
򴫳вǹּٻʧּʧôžѧʧҲûʲôˣʽܶʧ򾿾ʲôԣֻҪٻд仯
ҶıҲΪλᷢǲ²˼𰸣һ⺺ӵȲʽôƷģ͵ѧǴӱĵطġֻ֪Ȼ֪ȻԲŽһװʹӡ
е˼Ҳõڽһܻش⺺ӣΪĿ졢ķ˸ÿ
ԵĲҪ˵ˣһҶ˵ʲô˼ˣ⺺ӵ֮ʱ򿿰ΪԲòһ׻͵İʹӣΪҲܶ׬ǮգͽһƷ
⡭
Ȼȫǲ²⣬ȴҶĸոԳֽ⺺һѰƵԼʹǿҶһƾ͸һֱӦ˵ĸо⺺ʮգ书϶ٻһЩֱ
µ⺺ӻѾҶĵⷬ˻ȥԼҴĹͷ
ˣһͬȥǸֵҲҶ̣֪ǼҴĹﲻԣ
ǲǹûƴӦһʹõĹùķʹŹȻԣ
ҶĲʹãǸôҲһ֮𣬺ͳ͢ϵҲһЩ佫ʹãƽб߾ģҲõ÷
úìƣúìָĶһֱŽΪһֱС
ʲùַͼƶǹ·սϵϹ򣬿ϧúһ׹Ӳо֮չ֣Ϊϻ˵ϣʧȥԭ
ҶĳʱȥܾòԾʹһвסʱǺʹбɨϵܻһƬһк͹еȴͬսоӸ߶µбնʱعȥǰЩֵ;˹ƳŹ·
Ź򡭡֮á֮ϧѰȴһ򣡿ϧ
ǺףʲҶ̨ǰʵǾ䣺ҿɻбĹ㣿Ϊʲô׹ԭûб
뵽⺺ӾȻԾе֮УԾڴĺüղûѧãһѧ߰㣬ڶˡʱȻû˿֮飬ȴСʱԼүүܺԼ˵ۼϿǳġǾ仰ˡ
ҶĽӵԹƽȥβŮʱҲˣԼһ˾ȻôѾĵĿȫǵĹϵĳ
ںߵİɣ
ԽԽܣֻԼѶƽˣȥƺе㲻ʣҲ˵һԣֻǿҶļЩʦϣܹҶĳĻ档
ԼȻѡǾƺܹѧٶһʶô书һ¶书ɲô׼飬οֳԶҲûʲô飬˱ôһֱ
Ҷæ˰գŽһǰԵʦһ飬ֻмһķиԳڵɢеùεļһǵ˵ƸкĻƾʲôһţѡ
ǽ̴ͳģɢ򣡡
ȴǣǸиëãѵӻԼĵƴɱʱ˵ҪעСĲҪˣ
͸ղЩӣѧĺˣ
Ҳˣһſھ˸Ⱥڳ˶ĿתһϣĿ͵һ㣬Ҫһ
ҲʶԼĻŭȥˣҲջֻҲɵֱӽڿڶ׼ҶģղŲԵĺұȻȻұҪʶʶɢ
٣ôˣҶЦһ£Ī˿غ۸
⻰ֻ߶һ䣬Ҳûȥ˭˵ֻǡվżոӦƸصʦ⼸ȻǸģҲԳһ׳⣬Ҷһȡ
У㳤þͺֽЩ۵ĴѧƵأȷ䡭
Ҳ֪ĸǷľȻһ£һ±;˵Ҳ̲סЦҶһŰ˺ӲССŹع
٣ˣ˾ȻȻܽܵɢֽԼĶͰһȻȡ˼ȭףҪҪҽһˣʲôƺòⶫ
أôɣ
Ҷļ˼ȻúôҲˣȻֱһһŪҲٲҪԵͷ
ʲ뼸΢һ£ҲԼľӦöֲŲİ˴
˶վܽܰں˼ǰǰ̽һ£ȴҶĶҲֻȻ˫֣Ȼôվš
֣
С˵ݣȻֻվţ񵽴ǵĳĳĳϸȥƣȴ־Ȼûа¶һʱ侹Ȼ֪γˡ
ܽҲС˵ŶȻϤĽҲԼôһվһ˵ѧô깦ЩǳҶҲʲôûУӦǻµൽֲ֪źˣ
ôõĻᣬºݵģ
ܽͻȻǰһȭһֱȭҽһȸϣԼһǼֱȭȻҶĵעǱȾ˳ࡪͺˣ̫ԼҲ鷳
ôģû뵽ԼһȭŴ;ͼҶһ֮䣬ƾȻǡôԼֱ֮ԼһֱȭֱӾͱĵһԡ
һȭƽ⣬ܽǼǱȻʹ˳ΪһᣬⱾҶ̵ıȾȻֱȡҶĲ
һ·̫죬˼ûзӦʱ䣬һǱѾҶԣҶɲܣֽ΢΢һ̧Ȼһġ
ǹܾܽ͸оԼҽŽ״ƱһɾһƵأ۲˺һң߳ȥȸǱɾĵض⻹꣬ȸνһָƽ⣬ӲֹסȥƣҶһֱӾԭطͷ
ͷ亹£ʲҶ׵ʱƵһΪҶһ½мԼһȣϵôƮƮһľôľĪ˾ȻڼȭиĴ羢ɣڼСľҲܱǿľ
Ȼе޷ţǸղŷһжڸһжʵοҽŽ״ľеңǼٵģôϵܲԼСŤİɣ
Ҷƻ˹ܽܵĹƣһǰֽ̤˵ľ̵ʲŵľ룬ȺĳٶȲ죬ͺϴүһܱܽҲʲôȴҶƿƺ죬ֻһ۵ĹȻѾļͷϡ
һϮܽһ˵ʲôҲֲסˣ˵˺öಽ֮һƨ˵Ҳˡ
ʱΧһƣֻܼܽӡӣͺ͵שͷݺݵһƵءҶʲƺû
ڳǶù֮ˣֻһйؼƹ˵ɸտᣬľҲǸ⣬ҶʲһԾкյַ͵Ǵľȴޱȸ͡
ΪǶȫ֪ңƸԼ˵УȻȸ֡
ǼѾƸ˵ĽʦҲһȣ˻֮ϣһóӽһóƣƲ̸ˣȻҶ·ͬǶҲнƵĵطӽȭĴ羢Ҳǿǲ˼ı飬Ҳ޷Ҷ㾳硣
λУǸʲô·ȻôĹ򣿡
ܽȳ̶ȵҲûУֻǴ඼֪һЩϰʮǰˣҶˡȻ˵Ѿʮˣʮĺܰ
ʱҶĶǹܽ˵˾䣺ϵҲûʲô£ȥϢָܻˡֻ⼸ĸ첲ʹˣڽǴ㲻Ҳû£
ҶֻҪѵѵһԵͷ㹻ˣҲû
ǹܴܽʱҲ֪ǰվŵ֣ʱԼվ˵Ǻε֪뷨
һ̣ҶС˵еĸǰӰصܾܽȻһְʦĳ嶯Ҳᣬһһӣκ˫ʹֻܰͰ͵Ҷġ
˵ʲô
ҡҡܱܽ˵ΪͽɣԼն˼ҳԲѷԼʦҲԼܽԴҲ죬λҪѧУԼѧͺˣʱλǰεҲԼأ
ҪѧУѧ
һȫסҶҲûϵܻܽôһ䡣һʲô⣬Цһ䣺ǹ飡ȴҲûоֻܾǵ˵˾䣺ѧУҪѧģҪѧʽʱȥͺˣ
ܽȻ˵˾䣺߸𣿡
һЦĵߺҲôĿŵߵİɣ仰һǰӦƸȴˢµҲͷĵԼܽѧУºУѧƤëҲԼˣҲɢһѧУ飿
ȻҲȫ˶ô룬Ҷȴû뵽ԼѧУûʼѾһСѧˡ


025 عˣ
ʦˣҶڿʼѰ˼ʽŵ顣
ΪԼֵ̫ѧУʽŵ϶Χۣʮ˴쵼ţ˶ɶģôҲȫǰ¶̨Ѿȷר¼ƸĿˡ
ҲãҲܼصĲžǸʲôӣ
صĲţ½ƽ۾ժȻ˸ӣгһǩݵҶߡ
ѩһߣҶӵŻιɵúһ¡
ţʦҲҪ԰

ЦЦ׷һ䣺ǸصĲžʲôţĪǾ㵱˵ǸʲôרŴر¼Ǹ
ҶĻ˻֣ôͽȺһ˵ǸصĲŽйزš˵ֽдǲ֪йزžһţԱ֮ΪصĲţ
Ůû뵽Ȼһ𰸣ɵƬ̣Զ׻ȺȵĴƷҶĴڱˣĻ磬˿Ǹ࡯֡ҶԼ̸һʵơ
ף
ǣʦ
ôˣڰѧ˸࣬Ȼ˵ʱصĿôɱ֡
ش򣬰ѶȰ·ã
׸ղųƼڣ˺Ʊ˰ɫĻţ׵ĶԽԽǿѾҪﵽ׶۷壬Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻȻƹؿɻƶ
ʱ׵ʵͿóˣһЩСӣҲᱻĺ޻֮
źһЩ֪Сӱûʲô̫ǿķƵж࿿ֻҪܹܹ۽ȥһĵǼȭĹͻᱻ״ſ¡
ʵĿٽҲҶĶԼԼɽɵδģöֻ࣬ҪʮˮƽĵӣôСˡԼͲ׵ʵҪռһأӦûʲô⡣
οʵţõϼ񽥽ϼ쾧ҲѾԼ˴룬ٹһңԼͿȥ챦ˡ
ڵص쾧ûżȥٻֻҪԼ׼ԼĽȥٻͿԣܹƵĺô
ЩĻ᲻÷ŹܵõõؼҲɽԼʦúͻиĹܱһרĴԼһĥԼĹӦα仯ĺá
ҲԽٱ仯仯
ħǺǿһ¿ԼõǿѰҪܣǶԡǿҲ޻֮
鷳ľħ̫£ħҲӰټ֮Ҳ̺ѧ±ͨ˵ܹħ磬ȫҶڵĳǿдģϰɡ
Ҳ˵ܶྫ֮෢ӵĳ߰˳ɣķӳǰսѧϰЩѧȻӻԼħﵽȥߴݼĿġ
ҶҲĽ飬ЩӾڿǰҶ˵ȥ辶߳һԼĵ·
Ҷĵķôδ൱һʱ䶼ͣͲǰֻҪһޣδĵ·ͻˡڶ֣ܿôͽ߳һȫԼĴδȴ˵׼
Щ鵹ҲŽôĹѾѧУŹƵˣͷͷԼȫصġָ֡ɽɽѧУȻҲһЩǰֵˡ
죬ǸָĳӾͣ˺ôһƬɽѧУ޽ͣȻ޷װô೵ӣһЩֻͣѧУûнѧУкôһƬĵأҲûλá
һЩͷͷҶЦ˵һЩӰ˵飬ȻеʱҲ޵˵һЩͶһЩĲҵ֮ĻЩ飬ҶĶЦӦ˹ȥҲ˵ǴӦǲӦһȺһﰵһСꡣ
ȻӰļ߾ΧΧϵļһһ̲ͣĹУҶĺһЩȽҪﶼ˽ȥ
ǼʣȻǲιۣȵһȦ˶޲ڣΪɽѧУӲһˮƽѧѧǸġ
һЩҶĵҲ䣺һУôãѧǶȥ̰ͼˣĻУ
⻰ǹ˵ҶģΪ˵֮ʱûѹǹܴ˵˳һǰҶġ
ҶĲһļͷͷԵĻ࿴˼£Ȼ˭
ʶߵˣĪǸҶıͣ
ҶıôôʶôҿҳӵģһЦЦ˺ǹڱȽ֪֣Ҷ˵ҪѧУڱֽ˵ЩǳĻµģ
˵̸֮ʱҶҲ˭ˡȻλƸ֣һﵹǺһӪǿԼˬ֮һһЩýҲû˵û뵽ǵǲˡ
СҶôֻ˼ιۣȵһȦ֮ѧУ䳡λڽѧ¥棬ҲѧУĲٳ֮⣬Ա߾׼򳡣һһԼһӾݣ豸֮ȫզࡣ
ЩǰӦƸĽʦȻѾΪҶµʦЩӶǻظϼʰҲżԼĵطǸʲôڡ
ǹõĴѧҪɣ
˵Щʩʱŵģѧͽʦʹãһ֪ıȽ϶˵Աߵ˵Ҫ˵ЩʩҲвѧУǵ𡣿ЩѧУмѧʹЩʩģЩװװƷˣ
ͷͷҲͷȴЩʩΣҶľȻһôǮͬʱüͷһ£ĵﶼطӭ˲үˣԺɵúúùţڴ˵ء
ιˣڻص˹㳡֮ϣȻߵǰת˵֪ƲˣҲ˱ŸָĿҪֽֽ̡ԵĻͲ˵ˣЩ˵ҪʶʶҹˣԳˣ
˵ŻͬʱҶĽϵװһѣȻҲժȫݵԱߵĻϣȻǶųˣ۾ɴĽֵ֮¼£
ãͷͷȻҶͼʲô˶ΪҶ׼ǰһ֣ҲЩ˱졣
˭Ҳû뵽ᷢչһʲųҶѧУǸѾ̤˳
٣˵мƢɽҪƢ
ҶƳһҲûһֻ˾䣺ʲô
˵ŻͬʱҶһ֣̾˽һ˱ıܸȡ˳ɽһ˼׼ȻһﶼԤˣĵҲ΢Լ˸ѣ˼Ȼϵˣ̬Ȼֵ̣µȷм湦򣡡
һҶⲻʮµ̬꣬Ƹ֮ˣĵòľѾֶй˿ȥűһ󣬱ȡһ󻷵
һ֣ɽֻоһأЩסóĵɽ뽫󻷵ŻȥٻһֵĵȴҶĴʱѾ˹Ҳִӱȡһ󻷵
ɽҶ˺Լһıʱٻ⻹ûһ󣬱ӲͷƤŴ߻ѾճĳС
⵶֮أѹ֣һӹǶȻʹ֮ҶҲǿŰˣ
ɽԼʹĴңô˵ô֣ҶǾ͸˵ˣ־Լ˼֣ϴ󻷵һհ˸ơ
Ҷֻŵɽ̧̧֣ǿͣȳְɣ
Ȼô˵ҶȴͼǺɽˣŵڰ˼֣ĵ¾ҪһɫƣƲˡ
ֻɽϴ裬һպշԳ󵶶ͷҶļ£ͬʱ䶯׽͸⵶Ҫǰ;Ҫ
ȷмͣ
ϧһҶҲˣϴһվͽɽĴ󵶿ĵһԣҶһֻԵһɽֻ֮һľͽɽ󵶴һԣδ֮ʱ˳һתһĨֱɽ
̫
ɽԼҲǳ¼๦ҲʶҶʲһвʱűΪ廢ŵ·ӲӲһµ׼һһȴе̫ӰӣѰ˼ȥûǸ̫һЩ
̫ķչܻͳ˲֪·̫ȭкö֣ұҲֻһ̫̫ǹ̫ȵȵʤ
ʹ̫ĻӦô󻷵
ɽ˼ܿҶһԴʺšϰ̫ʹõĳһ㶼ƵҲ˵̫ȻǵмֽӰӣ̫Ļ֮رΪмҪõЩطԴԷ
󻷵ֽоŻأп̫·ӣҶǾ̫ͨһǲձҲȴ󻷵ʡ
ɽǶҶĻּ仯⣬ȻֻнˣԴԽԺҶ⾿Ǹʲô·
ãҶ˵⵶ΪͲ޴˵ԵԸɽǹ
⵶Ȼò٣ƵĻ廢ŵŻҲǸպúʣʲֻɽУýԼԼһɱѾ֮ģҶĿûôйٺһ
֮ҶЦ˵˾䣺˰ɣ
û䣬ϵ͵һ䣬廢ŵֶֻҶĽ²͵ı죬ٲʲŴݲȵģдһ⣬ֻһ˲ɽмܲסֻһ죬ɽϴ󵶾ȻҶĿķɵڵأͬʱҶĵĴ󵶾ͣɽǰ治֮Զ
ɽ˸Ǿöͷһмʷ˿ŷһǡôǰƮ
ʱͷ亹ɽ׹˼ҸղŸԼһʼȫУһж˾Ͱˡ
Ҷǿĳȡˡ
źúýѵһܴѹһһ֮⣬ҲܽԼû뵽˴˵زŷԼһСһ˼̤壬ĵ¶еƣ˵˼仰֮ת뿪ˡΧ˵Ŀ⻹Ǻöͷֻ̧ܻûӰӡ
һ꣬ɽĶСƵ˼֪ԼУǸֵʦȴһ֪˵ģٺЦŴЩ˽䳰ȷûġͬˣ
ŻرϣҶıֱӽǸĺԼ˳ֻȴһˡ
˳ҶһȭԵúǿҶȷ֮ԲòҶֽһ
ҶתͷǸļһֻһɫһʤһǸʵҶĶģеôԭǸ˻Ļɫ
һɫһ䣬¾һسӣԼǰһЩϢûбӮİգֻú˵һ䣺ӮŲ٣
ҶԸǱģö࿴һֻۣǶǰǿ֮˵¹Ȳ̸ѽĿɹõģ
ֻǿЦ£Ҳǹ˹֣¹»ףҸۼʥ˹عضүձ洫ĹҶֽֽ̣


026 Ҳ䣿
֮󣿡Ҷ´Գƹع˵Ĺ»ףֻ߱۳վֱҲн19ĸͷǲع֮ǲ֪˵ĹΡ
ңعͷ̫¼䲻֪жչصԳʥ֮ļٵĸ޴ƶϣ˵ɽһչصĶҰԼҺ͹عϵϵŽǧ꣬ٶܡ
ҶҲǲĹؼҺˣ˼ȻԳƹعˣ˷ҲмͣҲֵ˾ءΧһЩڼ»׵ʱ߶Ҳˣ֮ĻҶ˸ɼ»绹ġ
ָָһԵıܣñɣ
»ױ˱ȭǵлӱϳһҲϺõľӲмĳҲǾ֮򵥵˵ľװǹͷǾϺõĳǹ
ֻ»ˣ˼УӰƬƬͬʱÿ̶ֱԼɼƿ֮ҶĴַֻһƣƳ»ʹһǹǹαʹ
ϺõĳǹҸʽУ»׼Ȼǹңαطǵùȴ»˸ǹ󽫹У͵عͼϵĹضүһ޶ֻǱд裬ֲƴóǹˣ
ҶЦЦһ䣺ƾǲܣĪ˵ԵģվͱʮҲͱҵĻ
ֶֻ̫ⷬˣ»ҲܵҲǿͿûҪô˺ǰ
뵽˴Ҷľʹӱȡһ»õһ޶ĳһ㣬ǲҲһģҲǵһǹҶĳҲǹдд裡
ڹϺǹҶĵûлɹȻӡеĹضүƺŴ󵶣ô󵶳ͣΪϲҶһЩϣ֪ʱΪ켼ԭ򣬴󵶲
ʱõҪǳìͳǹʷϵĹضү嶼ʹǹģΪϤĹعʹӡ󣬾ƲγһعͼǴϤĹعᵶǸͣö֮˹عʹһ˵˴֪αֻȡһ˵ѣ
ҶĵʱԼϤ⵽߸ҲһЩȴҲԴ˸̵ӡҲ˵һԳƹع֮ʹǹûʲôԾ
ҪõǹȻƼҰǹǹҲϰãΪ˰ĽԴĹԼǹҲһ๦ʱʹҲƲٲȻһǹҡ
Ҫ˵мһ֣֪ûС˵ǷǸ֮⣬Ҳ֮һ۱Ƴߵ͡
ҶһǹǸһڣ»׾֪ͬˣû뵽ҶĲտǹҲô졣
׻˵¹굶һӵǹɴ˿ɼǹ֮ҪͨҪѪʱ䣬ҶĿᣬȻʵҲСˣǹ»׻ǲò̾һ䣺Ӣܣ
ƱҪģǵǷһ飬밲ʱ佫ֵǷҶľǸʲôˣл˽һҲˣȴηҪȸ²С
ҶУСˣ
˴ǰҶĵˣǹ»ȴھͳҶУǳλ󸻺ʸѧУ̵ˣһ亰ɫ̾ͱ䣬Ҫѿжѿ
ҶĹǹͷ΢΢㣺ؿܳбǣ
»Ҳϻ󲽿ǰϳһת̶ֱ֮һ»ŵȻǳȴԼ̶ֱһ˷ĳǹƲס
Χ֮һƣ׷޵ϸһʥǹ治ףѹֹ»Գʥ֮ȴ˷ǹ㾳磬Ҳûضү֮ˣ
ЩҲвٶǹǹ»һǹһ֣ЩԼʹĳǹ̶ȣǿǱǸһ绹ֹǳϦ׷ϵġ
ʱǶԹ»֮ͬʱҲں»ȫ֣ҶľӲӵ
̧ٿȴҶ΢΢һЦгһת֮ǡ̧˹»ֱĳϷ͵һģǹͷһȻ͵һǰһ˲¶һ£ȻŹӵԺ͵»һǹĵĴ˵档
ҶһֱûöǿԺͼ׼Ǿ޷׼»һǹƣһҲǼѵģҪȲܱ֤ԼܹӵӰ죬ҳҪ죬Ҫ׼
κһ޷ЧҶһʹһǰѰ˼Ҷܲܽ¹»һеˣǵɴ˫һŵģ
⻹꣬ҶһĿ»׵ĳžǹһһһ㣬ҡֱȡ»š
һУ»׾֪Լĸ֡ǹ˴뱲ӣʮϻ£ʶϸǲ֪˺εȲΣʴʱԼ۷ʱƽһЩʹǹд輸ΣҲʤ٣ֻǹһϣԼǹڶ
ײҶģֻҶ£ԼˣǰֻڵϼḻȻΪʵûϵ˵¼仹ƽﲻɽ¶ˮء
ʱҲֻΪһǮ˺ֳˣʹϲһҶĴƵƵҲû̫¡
һֱ죬ǼҶõɽԼǰ¶˼ǹϵļŽˣһʶվСˡ
ҶһǹõȻƼҰǹеһУճ˵ǹѹ˵ĺǹԵǸ֣ƼҰǹȴвͬѰƺһǹһϸϸо˲ŷ֣ǹһµȷ֣Եޱȣ
ʱ»ȻƳҶһǹƣȴҲҶһǹ֮ǿᣬӲƵò㿪Ҷһǹ֮ƣ
Ҳûǹл⣬ȴԼıƺסˣ˺ƺ;
Ҷļ״ǲǹбѾ»ףųǰ֮гһתһɨ֮ƣֱ̹»׼ѡ
һǴ̵ʵˣ»ǸҲסƳҶͼ֮Ҫסһ¡
Ҷвųһ룬Ȼ΢һգ̶ֱһżѣֻǹȴһ档
ʹһ´вй»׶ĻҲûٶȥֻûæعԾȡ
Ҫ˵»׵ȷǹ֮ƺţҶĴ˷ûھֻƾԼǹԵУ»ʹҶϻв࣬Ҳں޻֮޲һǹУʹǹٱ仯ϿҪҶĿĶˡ
ҶһǹžҪй»ףȴ»гҲһһת˳ҶĵĳֱɨȥǱɨУҶùְ˳ɻ׳һͷ
»׻ԼзҶҲǴȤʵֻҪ΢һþԼɨĹӾ͵ñɣ»뱩¶Щֻ⹦зӦУ˳ҲԼˡ
Ͼ΢һжҶ͵һбǰ壬Լг˳ƻ»һɨ񿪡ͬʱһ˸ļʹ»չмܡ
»׵ǵȷչˣǽֻԼĹβ΢һҶһ£ʹҶһб˷򣬽ֻǴԼǰԼбһ̽˸
Ҷ»׾ͻһȴǱҶּԼİǵúҶķ̸ָ²ɡ
ƼһĻⶼһ֪»ѾǴᷢչʲôͲ֪ˡ
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һͷͷԾߵҶĲûͣΪǰ̵ĿɲˣһЩ鷨ȤˣڿҶдֵƵҲܺ棬ķıҶдд衣
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ЩϲҲûʲôܰæģڹڵҲеȥСѺúһһΪҶĵļһǹ㾫Ҫ󣡡ı飺ܶһѧҲǺõİ
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Щ˻ȥ֮ȻͨԼĹϵҶɽѧУеǰҶĽһѧԴ⡣
֮⣬һЩġɽѧУҪҳӣκǰһֶ֪Ҷа涼һɶʱǰȥǲҿԣ
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028 ϡҶģ
УڵҶ˵ڹѾˡ
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뵽ʱԴһμҪļ͵˳ӡƺԼ˵һԼͬˣֻʱԼպ죬û̫⡣

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ҶҲȫ֪Ĵ󸻺ˣΪʲôԼһ˽˷ɻԼ̫ͬˣ
һǹЦݣ΢΢еʵĶ˹ҡҡеıӣײƺúǺ
ҶҲͬĶֻıѾտҲʱûпǵЩкʵĿƼ⣬һζлİæˣ
ûʲôֻ˳֣˹ӲûҶĵĵлֻҶĵĿȴǺ棬ͻȻðĸ׽͸ŬҲԲ˵ıòЩɵ
ȻѾվ綥һ֮һվԽȴ֪Խ࣬绹кܶﲻԼǰһλ
Һܺ棬ŸմйصӢΪʲôҪܻȥ
ҶָԼһʿɣЦŸһ𰸵Ĵ𰸣е˽ҪȴţǷŲ£ȥ


029 
Ϊ˱һЩ鷳ҶĲûг˽˷ɻֱӷɻйѡں䣬Ȼ͵뿪֮ҹɫֱӱ𽣹йȥ
ôȻ̣ؼһԼеķѾĥ˸ţ񽣹⻷ƿնУϵźҪǱз䣬Ա֤ͨ˲ᷢ٣ܹڼ̵ʱڸϵйȥ
Ϊ˸·ҶԷ˼ҲûˡȻͳҲûʲôֵԵķˣһ·кͣЪݺȥھԼ˼ֽɵͷ
Ҳûǽɵţ
Լŵõ֮ûþնȥûܹ͵ĸоеΪź
ԼڳУȻʹǽ֮Ǹʲôĸоûôʧˡ
ʱΪǱзЧ˶ͷ֮һɫ⻪ڰ֮м۶ٶԽԽ죬˺ʱʱתһתУͲûβ߻
ȴҶһ߷һԼ֮ԼܹŹ
ôϰϰԺжԵǰ㱿׾ƽ׵Ķۣ
ѩԼһڿнУϧѩȻѾеžԼŽ⼱ǧﻹǲܣֻý֮Լء
ο飬Խ֪ԽãѩȻѾԼܵˣе黹ǲø
ԼһҪҲİ羿ǲԼ磬֪ԼҲһ롣
ڰԼһѵ뷨ҶûпǹҪһԼõԼʱȥǸ籨ô죬ôΨһѡǾһʲôҲҲˣȷԼȥˣôԡ
˼Ҳ֪˶ãҶֻоԼתͣһת֮£ĵܲش룬֮ȻԹޣǶ˵治ʲô
ڵҶֻ֮Ǹոտž֮㡣˵Եģ޴ľ֤Լеķžб׶ˡʵ̫ˣԺԼɵӶӷУûܹ
ƫƫҶӡеЩ֮߰Ǹȥŵģܽ⣬ɽԺ֪ҪԶһ
ĥɣ
ɢȥֹסǰ֮ƣҶĵӽ䣬ֻڿͻȻɢȥ⣬ȻṦ䵽֮ϣԼ֡½ֹסΡ趨̫ԶǺôҲܷˣܹҲһ
վڸ¥¥֮ϣҶ´һԼϤİĳС
ϤΪʮꣻİΪԼʮûлˣеԼ뿪ǰкܶ಻ͬ
УʱԼӦûϸУϹӣڽҳײΪԼǸôԼⱲҲˣǺһȴıԺĵ·
ӡӦþʱǾȴǲˣ
ҶѰ˸˵Ծ£ȻǱзպãվӿŽ˶·üͷ˼
վһ죬վҹ·νıĸ컹ôֵһСʱһˮԼҵſڰƣһαںãζںԶ֮ⶼŵ
ҶΪ˸·⼸նûԶȻ񲻳ԶҲûʲôӰ죬ǿڸ֮ڣŵΥζ˲棬˿ĭ֮˳һҵ̵Сȥ
һЩͰˣơҶζЩϤζͬʱҲǸıԼ켣ڸողڵʱģҵصŵضϡ
ϵֱŬĻһϸڣȵҶĿһȺԼĪʮߵԱߵļ֮۾ɵһ
٣춼ң
⼸˵ĳǼ鷢ʱ仹ڽܿһԼͻ֡еĻ
ûҶĵ̫ãܿͿǸϤİӰ뼸Ļ˵ЦտǰȻԼеһ׵ıˣ
ʵܼ򵥣һƴɱ۵ֱӴļ˺죬ȻֵĴˣ룬ҶϼûеκεΡûº֣ΪԼõѽе鶼˹ȥ
һȺƷ˽һϳҶĻʱԼֵܶԼ˵ĻҲͬǰ;Ķ࣡ȥúѧϰɣʵ㲻ʺϺ˻һ𡭡
̫ĻǲˣҶֻԼǸ˵⻰ʱǳϿҵıԼϲõЦݡ
뿴ĶѾˣȷҲѾȷˣҶ֪Լ磬ΨһľԼ˶ʮ磬û˽Ϊ繻ײˣʱŷʵҪԼĻҪײеĶࡣ
粨ƽϢҶҲվһԹ⴮ǩϣҶĺϰ彫˵㣬ʱҲע⵽ʲŷôҵ飬⻹λǾȻޱȵһ߿һߺȾƳ⴮
Ӵֵֿʼˡ硯Ĵ˵㱭ơԴҲһʱ
ЩԻҶڿǵʵǲӦñһЩԼˬ鷢
ȻѾԴȷһЩ飬ôҶҲӦÿԿ϶ԼǰļûһҶĵĸչ֣Ҳ˵һ̶΢ıһ£ֻҪӦûʲôӰ졣
ǰԼĺͷ˱ʣȻɹĴǸطǻûüףͱǼСҵ˸סȻͲϸ˵ˡ
ԼʵǲӦðǰĸǾأ
MDȰңҿкң˲ûģ¶ģҶ׼ԼѸ¡Ϊ˱˶Ӱ쵽ʱεԼھԼ֮̽͵ĵط
ֵҲܴͦӹҲջѧУȥѧˣ
ʲôŵҲǻرһԼĶݡ뵽ЩҶ˵̫ѣԼ֮ȷԼʼ֮ܶ󣬾ͿʼԼǸǰֵܵļƻ
˿ԾнųϣҶܾʵȤ
ǰһԼųϻҪС㣬ΪڽϺʶ֮Ϊͬʧȥ˸ĸԼζͶ޻̸ĺøǣԼɱֵ֪ܲ˶٣ݵλϵĲǴһһǰز
ųϴʱͣŤԼƨɣļӳ˹˹ʵλֱͺϻһѰȻ֪ԼûʲôֵƭģųǲԾĻǷȥ롣
ΪʲôҪԼأѵҪŪȥȻ٣
˵ǿͦΣ䲻ҪץȥѼ
Ҳõǰɽ˭ӣų룬е㲻ףôĸҪƭҲƭСİ
ҶĿ˿ӳرȡϣǵųϲѩ̣ȻܶϲȿֵԼ˵ʲôٺȿ֣ã
ȻҶⲻǾҥҪ˵ã̼ϱͲʲôƷųϺѩ̺Լȿûʲô
Ҷİˣڰ׵ʱȻҪųŪĴһźûˣʱ䣬ոմųϸ˸ȻϳֻҪԼסȻǰĴķɻôȺҪ鷳ĻȻҲûֵĻˡ
ҪųϸڵԼдһţݲԼҪԺǰպ죬Ҫȥش֮ģ㲻𵽺ȥĳôǿңҲҪʱԼһܶĶ
ʵҶҲЩʱԼ㿼ѧôͲڼ֮ЩͬѧɢȣȻ᲻ĪȥǸе޷ƲˣԾһпԭ·õġ
㡭ΪʲôҪЩ
ҶĵҪųе֡˵ĻԼĺֵӦһ¡ԼֵܵݣαطǵôһȦӣӦҲǮˣɴﲻǸã
Ҷһ仰ʹųϣܵÿԼϣԼܹվǿ˷ţ
ȻϻǱϾһѪĻЩ˵θڣųϼɵľˣҳΪֵܵĿͷͬҶҪȥĴҪ󡪡ҶûиȥĴʲôֻ˵˽
ųϵ뷨Ҳܼ򵥣ԼһУôˣйǰЩѻǻȥطǸ·ĸԼһĻˣûҲνʹޱȵڳϽдȻͽͲҶĵע¼ʰʰ͵ǰĴİ
һж㶨ˣǲ֪᲻ʲôӰ죡
ӳ˹˹˻ȥҶڽУžߵƫԶĽضΣҹɫԽԽ·ϵҲˣʱƺȽʺһЩȽϾ㤲ҿֲһֻܿסͷ¶׻һƬĽȹŮɡ
˧磡ûȤСЩȤ鰡
ҶĵͻȻ¶һЦݣƯĲ񻰣ǰ͹̾ԿŮͻȻȤ
ɫģΪŮӵȤ
°´һ£ҶĵĿŮһֻ¶˵ĸоϵı鶼ɵ΢һ£ܿͻָԭֽĵ̬ͬʱҶַһۣķӾڲԶĵطŶҪɴȥˣ
ԣ
ҶЦӦע⵽ԼӦͬʱŮԵ÷ǳˣȻתϸĸ߸ЬһŤǰ棺ʱ䲻Ŷǵ߿㣡
һǰһԼĪӣŮӴ·ҹգԵеƫƧĵضͻȻһµסլ¥ͺ¸ǵ¥һûʲôرֻԵеͻأ
ŮɻعͷЦЦ½ٵ¥̣ΧЩĵƤмû̸Իû޽Ƭסլȹͺˣ
Ŷ
ҶµҴ˺һȴʼûмǰŮӼҶͻȻͣ²ӣط̫ƫƧϵ㽿ߴأ
ʲôѵ¡𣿡
⻰ŮӵĽЦ͵һͣ˱Ҳ΢Ź֣˵ġʲô˼Сòء
ҶĴӻгһŷ䣨ʵǽ̽·УȻӿռָٻֻ΢΢¶һǻɫķֽŮӵɫ͵Ĵ䡣
ǵʿŮβȻƶ࣬Ҷ˾֮Ҷġ
ȴҶĵı֣ȫȻЩʿ֮һ޲ýĻɢģµĴû꣬˵һ䣺⻹ǵһμû뵽һξһŮ
ŮһҶ⻰ĵ³һһǸֻоգ
ֻϧŮûüŻŻҶģҶĵҲҴˣƷصᶼɣһٳһ鷳
˵껹Զ֣ǱλֵģҲһɣ


030 ĵȥɣ
Ҷ̧̧֣ҲûʲôرĶҲûԳʲô״ոµ¥˲ɢΣͬʱΧҲһ䣬Գԭģ
ֻһƬҷصУֻҶôһˣǰ治ԶǸŮȻòʱȴԳɭΧͷƮ˭㾰ҲŵùǺ
ҶҴһ£˿ȫȻͬľҲúǾ棺֮⻹ûʲô֮ղ֪ǿȻһ֮Ӱ񶼻Ӧֻ΢˵˫ĿƳԭòǺã
һɨ֮£Ϊ֮ҲѲסԼΡ˵ԶǸһûϵԼֶⷬΣԸûԼ
ҶĸоԼԶƵͬʱϢһ󲨶ҲǱԼгڸһҶķһһгֵͼֻǲ֪Ϊʲôȥ
̨ôҾ͹ȥˡ
һڿ϶ҶĲ̽ķԼڣԸɴĴӺڰ˳ΧӳԳ˱Ŀ
ֻͦòã洩һϴе㷢׵ţп㣬һǳͨ˶ԶԶȥΪ֪Ʒưϴ˹ǴʱߵĽ˲ſǼĸĻǶ¦˹
һſӣԳɬüִŵ㾭µĳϢ˾ͺЩոմӴѧУ԰гϹһʱĵûʲô
Լʲŵĸо˶϶ƲرǴʱ˿̾ɲҶĲСӦˡ
һĹ»Ұƺͳ죿ҶĿ˿ЩƺЩʱյķͷƮɻڿԳһ˵״ԶҲвĻۼҶһƾ֪֮ˡ
ҲڴҶģΪȻС˶һʿʱҲû̫£һͨʿˣַʿʧҲټ
ο⸽ޱȣЩΪԼʹ˼ΧϰոŻ˸Ǻ±Ƽʲô
һҶĺĲ֮ʱʧܣʶտӲˡ
ȱˣҲû̫⣬ֻԼҪ֮еơ
пԽԽ죬ʺĵطԽԽ٣ϻʢУԼѰһõķصأ
뵽˴ҶĸɵסܳΪ˵ѡֻĿȴҶı˱ȭͿ˵һŵǣéɽɵӣϰéɽɵһЩ֪֮ǡ
ҶЦЦתǸǽ䱸֮ɫŮжŵǵĻҲǲţϰ֮ҹʲôҪ⼸ʮǰ׻ˣ
ɫ任ղг֮ҶĻ϶һ㲻ǻˣҲԲʲôöο˻нˡū۹֮Ҳǲ׵ķźԶ֮˵Ҳйˡ֮ɲͬķΪһ˸šǰܹʹ꣬ɼӦҲЩ
ֻҶĲй̫ĽӴŵ־ǲ˵ãȻ޴ж˾еʿ˺а
Ҷģһ֮ˡĺۣ
ʲôô󣬲Ҷ˵̽ŵǵģô˳ɻһЩԵķӦ
ɫ⣬λʿǲȻ
ֻŵɫ͵Ĵ䣬ҪѿжѿǰʱҲ㣬һ˫۸΢΢죬Ҷĺȵұ鷳ˣ
Ҷһ˵ķӦо˴𰸣Ӧôң磬ʹҪʹʲôһаŹ֮УоȻԹ⹦˰˳ɲʿ
һжˣΪéɽɵĵȷȷбȽ֪Ŵɣéɽнã׽ҲкôŵԳéɽȴʹҶĵ׼
Ȼʼ䣬϶㲻ֻһ̧֣һϼҶĵϣõϼƣǡ֮ĿǣҶһԳŵͫһʲôȻǿ֮бĪʦȺϹרԸҵģ
ԭŵǱéɽɵӣҲʴӱԹˣֻŲѾгɣһбȽ϶ˡ
ϧĻԽĶӣŸɵһЩ˼ҶѾҪ˸Դ֮գһЩ½ĵ֮ΪȴԶԶûдﵽЩͷǵľ磬ǵõ뵽ǴȥУҲɲԼΪõ̫
ܳһʱԼΪ޷õ֮Լڳеĵλڲͣ½һЩ½չֳ˸ӳɫ츳ɵƺеǼϣΪĿ׵ı˺ӵˡ
Ҫ֤ԼéɽɫĵӣĴ߷մһλаõһԼķš޹ˣȻԻ˾
ʼĵĽŵһγԣȻľϲĸԼǼδĹ˺ö࣬Ȼ˷ܷǳĿʼԼһһεġ
׻˵ûв͸ǽŵûܿͱ¶˳ΪЩڵӹżǺԼ⽫ԼΪǵһЩҪ
ĸҺò׿һŵȻԴУҹӳéɽɣȻԼͨյУ˾ͨһΪӰԼΪԿ϶뵽ͨ˵УȻͣǻ֮ԼĹ
һνҶҶĻּгһŵǼǿƹһڵķֻʦűѰԼţĳǰһץͽˡ
벻ҶĻͲʲôܵéɽɵרʰˣﲻһɺϣΪҶ֮ʢŮȻϲֻ˽ȡ֮ǰԼܹЩôòҲܶЩԡ
ϾЩԪЩܹĹҲǴ֮Ԫ㹻ǿᣬһٿɾ磬Ӵ˲лɢ֮Ǿ͸ǱԸ
ΪֵɺŵǼҶķҲٷϻԼ㶵һģһͭǮд˳ŵǽԼķҷ˿㶵õʱֻҪſһľܽķʹ
ʱͭǮ֣ŵдʣͬʱҲ漴һһֶž׹ֱȡҶġ
Ҷļ׷ϮҲ£Ҳûжȥӭ׷һ̧˰֮С
ŵΪԼһ󼱹ΪԼЩʱ䣬ֻҪԼҶæӦĵķôȻԽһ
ζû뵽˾ȻԷӭԼ׷䶪ϰգĪⷨʲôòɣ
ֻǳϼ֮󣬾Ȼ͵ıҫĿ⣬ҹͻȻһ̫ƵءȴҶĽкԶը̺ǿ̼֮ɢΧЩССϺһɶ
ǹâֻһţո۵ĹѾʧŵںò׻ָԼ֮ȴһĻеֲľ
ҶֲڶȻƽǰ΢΢ͷϹһ˿Ц⣬ЦҶĴʱ΢ָŵףԵô˱вԶĳͲмŵǲķ
Ҷĵָ£ͬʱԼ׾һ͵ϵһѹԽԽСҶĵճȭͷһž֮ҲԼ׷ֻһʾ׹Ĵڡ
⡭ⲻܣ
Ҫ˵ҶʲôԼ׶Ժ䣬ʲô׹£̫ȡʲô־ͰԼ׽£⻹㣬Ȼּͽ׹ˡǿףǱĴװ
Ϊ򰡣
һŵͻȻôһ䣬⻰ζ˵뵽Ҷɱָղûб䶯Ц˵˾䣺֪˵ʲôûҾģǸһ

ҶĵȻǵڸЦ仰ĹԼ½Χֲ̽һ飬ȷЩѾԼһɱ֮󣬲½עǰļϡ
ģǸԼŮȻûбɱʱһ֮ˣͬʱҲղǰˣʱֲ˵ϥѾüֻƮˡ
ղţʱӷŮݣҶһ²ɱŮޱͬʱϵһЩ۷ȥԳŮ®ɽĿŮӱӦòǺѿֻǴʱԿݣݣ͹ȴҲ֪ʲôģ״Ȼҡ
ͬʱĿԹѰֻҪ˫۾ͻᱻȥֻҶǿᣬЩֻǺĴ֮ͲĿתԥƺڿǴŵǡ
ĪҪѰ˼ˣǰҲӲˣ
ƺΪԼĻ˵Ҷ˵仰ʱ΢΢̧ҽŻûȵ˵ʱѾվŵǵǰͬʱҽ䵽˵ϡ
һȴʮ׵ľ룬ŵҲʹĳҪҶʹ
ҶͻȻյǰǺһǱͭǮȻһƬͭɫĹâֱһ¶ϵбãһǰ˱ˣȴû뵽ԼһֻһҲʹȥˡ
ԭҶĿŵһƣָȻһָŵһĽϣһָʹճŵһľȥճͭǮճϣŵ޷бϣ齣Ҳǲܡ
ɶ񣡡
ŵǼ״ֻԼײ˸ǰʲûֱܵǴʧߣߣλǰǰҲӲҪȴôƬ̵Ĺ⾰˶ˡ
ҶԭؽáҲˣŵкһƣֻ첻òױѰһ̤ϳķţȻŸոҪԼӲ
죡ΪΰٰΪң
үû㣬ΪۣҶĲ֪ŵǵ뷨仰ҲΪмֻ㣬㿿Щ»Ұ˶
ŵǴʱѾֻǹЦʮӣһǿ˶ǲҪʲôеˣ
ҶҡҡͷеһûǸʸ񣡲Լĵ˵ŻҲʳָȻŵǾޱȵĿĵ㵽ĶͷϣȻ˺֮ģǾҪбɱľҲز㰲ĵȥɣ
űϣҶָֻɫâһŵǾ˲ʧͺһ
عͷǸŮʱ֣ŵޱǿôʧĳʵ̫ңҶԼھģŬ»ûʲǽĶ˵ģҼ
ûڣҶľ˵ˣᣬȴ꣬ôʲôģҲһȥɣҶһ̧֣һɫĳŮһ˾ͻһʧ


031 Ѫ
ҶĽǸŵǺͲ֪ʲôֶȥʵŮ֮תȥû뵽ǣոһתͷһΪϸС޷ķֱȡԼ۶
ϸһƣһƬڵԼɼһɫâ͸¶һӹ֮УѸݣҶǡתȵʱѾɵǰˡ
üͷһ壬Ҷû뵽ȻǱΧԼ̧ŵ֮̾ͳֹԼ൱ŲŸҳ֣Ѱ˼ԼղֶΣĻУ
ֻôֶξҪɱңδ̫ˣ
СȻ΢һƾ˲СⶫҶȴôС⣬ּ׼ƾƷ罫Ŀ
ƫƫ֦ڣҶĶ˵㣬ϸâŵλǡһڣⶫ˷ӦҶĻûüֻ֣ĵط͵ıһǿâֱһƬҷطصظҫ磬߾Ȼû޵ͼ񣬻ҶתһȦһ޶һľҶİ˵У󡮶һ죬ǵϸСâⶦ͵ȴû˵֣ԼԶɫâҲʧ
ǡ
ҶĻھȵУͻȻӺڰԳһɫۣѪɫƣһͷ͸Źĳ޷Զ˫۾Ʋ͸¶Źıɫ⻪η
ǡСϾȻҶƵͻȻЦô˱ŵҲν
ȻЦݣҶƣһ̬һСһǸˣҲܸСô
ҶüͷԼһģһǺӾͽȥ֮΢Եе궯ľŶƽԼľҲɢȥƬָ̺糣һظֱһƬڡ
Ƕڳ˵ϵɫȴѾ㹻ö˿ҪһУǺ˼Ҷ˻徢̿ЦСʶ࣬뱾£ұػᴫϴ󷨣
ҶƲƲһм֮ɫаĪԲУղǷôԼƽǾŶΪһﵱԼ˵Ҹоδ̫һЩ
ԼԴӵõŶ֮Ѿ꣬һֱ뽫ⶫо͸һ㣬Լľͽȥţ뺣һӰԼָһһ޵׶ұָҪԼǿȴʼղⶫйӦ
֪ⶫҪҹߣ뽫Žռָģǿռָȴζ޷Ŷսȥⶫ̫߼һĿռָ޷ɴ˱
ǲ֪µõָܲգΪָеĽֶӣҶȻһֱŬƽ⣬ֱҲûнָĽƽ⿪
ָ֤ԼǸöҲҶûа취ָ֪澿ʲôöҿԼĹĻҪƽ⿪һܵ顣
ڲָ֮ʲôرķµʹָģֻϧµ˱ԼɵˣҲûʣֱֻķʽƽеĽơ
ָȻͬľǾݶҶȥڣⶫǾĴҶʼձԼĪĴָСģһμʱŶִơ
ݶڽʱͻȻ˷ӦһŪô󶯾ҶеͷԣѵղǱϸâôֲȻݶԶ
ҶĲԲȲͬҲܾûнԼҪĶ˫ַϣеɫӵŭ
ʶôС
ŭһϣָſһԼĪʮ׵ĳͬʱͨɢ˱ɫâʲ͵ϮҶĵǸ
ʲŲͬǣⳤ뱬ʲǿ֪ٵǿâɢǿᾢҶҲԽĺһ
ⶫȻô
Ҷû뵽۵ĳ뾹Ȼƣ֪ʲԼСĽԼܹҲҪԵ㰵ݶͻȻԼҲȫȻûе
ഫݶѹ֮Ȼһֱ״ʲôɸղһĻҲܲ³ǰԼ׻ĺöѲɾݶ֣ͿʼѹˣˣǾѹЩ˳˳ˮġ
֮˵Թ֮˶֮˵ΪӣҶıô£е̫ûףǸղһ¶鵽ʢĻʲôЧ
һ£ѾСҶȻԴһξݶȻûκӦֻǾĴҶ䰵صһС
Ȼˣ
ֻǺ΢һתңңҶģɢǿâĳ׼ҶģЦ˵СûҲӦ֪â룡ڱ֮£Ҳң
ʲôʲô룬һŲţҶı񾭲һһСĺҲǶ˻ȻСҲûֻǰͱӵζ޷ܣʱҲǴʮ־ͷٻѨϹһһɫ⻪𣬽ǺҲǳһ
âȥֳһҶٰ֮ԴӼѩҹһһΪ֮Ҳ
ֻѩͬҶֻʱҲΪʱһȻҪ໨һʱ䣬ȴԼõı׶ˡ
ҶһԳ䲻֮ɫ⻪ͣƻһˣԼ֮ӽϷǺҲС֮Ҷġ
ϵıâҲԵôâˣâֻںζҶȴԼâ֮ȸղʱǿ࣬âصԽԽǿˣʲ͵ϮԼһ¿ɵĪˡ
㵽ǺˣźɣδУ˴ʱٲղǰţҲԵ࣬ҲһһۣȻÿ٣Ǻ͸ղһǱ仯ɾ̫ˡ
ҶһԼһ̬һ䣬ж˵ʵҲ˸ŵĲ²⣬žԼǿҲޡԼĻ׼ܽһɵ
ǺҲһ㣬ԲŲʲǰ䱸ֻԼγֵ̫ˣؼԼȻۡ
ֻһͨʿֻһɱŵǵķǸͷе˼û뵽Ȼһ˽һĽޣʧߣ
ԭںУҶʲűֵȻ㹻ǿƣȴҲûֻǾǸ׷мŵԼǸе鷳ʵޣٺҲãԽǸطΪУֻչֳЧ֪ò١
кҶʲɱŵǣҲô򵥾ܳˡʲҶһָȻָֻϹһ治κƻߺ˵ĹӰЧʵΪһжŵڷġ
ҶǽԼɽկ桮ȭŵڣһŵһǽޱ߽һΧڷɱŵ˼һ˲ͱնɱҶʣۼƲе΢ɢڷСǽЩҲƼɫڰеԶûƳо
ˣҲô³çĳ֣Ƕһ͵ϮҶĶǸʧȥȤľݶ¡
ʱȴоʱҶְǾݶڣȻû˶Ǻ˶Ի²Ҫʱ֮ǰȰԼűϵ𣿡
нҲ֮ˣȻҪˣһʱе׼Ҷĵĵϸˡ
Ѿ߰꣬ǰһٶʱŬûʲô֮⣬ٶһֱűηĿ⡣
˵ʶнҲ˵ûУǶǶϹˣֳչزµ
ǰҶĿʮ꣬ȻжͣǺܶվõϼһҲְ׷ͷģڹʾԼ˻ĳһҲЩϲ׳òˣҲ̳Щʶõġ
һЩ겻ֲϵõĶһĵӣϰߺִ˻ЩŶ϶ҶǸ֪Сǽһĺ֡
ֱҶĽǷɽŷԼжϴˣĪǰλʲôСӣϹŶԼϹŶ֣һǽ˰ûôн߶ֳչصļһô᲻ʶԼ
ˣտɾߵˣнһ˶ͬ⣬Ǿʱ̵˲þͲʱر𳤵ǿ϶ܹôãûлĹ֧ͻɻңĻĴȥ
οҶĽһһ˼ԱԼԸߵˣҲпܽԷնɱΪеĹɱһɵ·ߡ
ԼһܱԼϣʱ仹һóƴɱĽޣֻýյ¹رĺڰԼĵе̫ˡ
ҪӵľħѪˣնȻ£
ľħѪ񽣻ûɣԼòһħֱҶɱˣҪ׺ɲ֪Ҫ϶¡ҲΪۿŵǾҪﵽԼı׼ԼΪħ֮һʱҶĸƻų͵Ϯġ
ղҲǲȣֻо״ϵʱҶѾһָŵǶͷˣûϣ
ԪѰ˼ȥԼֻ֣ܾƺеƣЦһּ˾䣺˻иѪĳƺţ
ҶƺŲɵðһ֣ĵŻйֻɴݲȣ˵˾䣺ҶģɽУ
ɽ
ҶĲһ𣬲Ԫɫһ󼱱䣬׷һ䣺Ƕüɻˣ
ȺɽأжвٽޣüԶһЩȻ΢ҲֻԶü԰ˡ
ҶĲ𣬿һԪΪҶĳһɵĸ֣һϲ˶ȡʤɫɵֱ˼֣ʼܿƵΧȥʱֱĳһĻԼҪԸͷ
ѪƮͣ̽ѰҶҲе֣ĻͻȻģղŻţ죬ԵЩˣ
ԪǶüйڣǰͳɲٿռҶǶüеĸ֣ǲɰԼеϹ˳רԸԼģ
Īǵ֪˱ƾħѪ񽣣
߼ɵְѰ˼ǱҶҲɵâ벻׳֣ڽֵʱͻȻһƿնֻ佣ƾ֪ʵס
Ԫһ֮´ʧɫһȻͬһݹգ۾ûӰһ´ɫ䵽ƿڶٵݶݹ·һգ۵ĹɣĽҶĶûзӦʱ䡣
ȥҵҲ̫ˣ


032 ħѪ
ѪתŻݹȥһǳɣٶԼ֮Ҷ̾ΪֹȻñѪн﾿Ǹʲô˵Ǹʲôħͷֻƾ֪˶ȻӢޱͷ۵ļһ
˵ΪжϳģܵȾͿƲ˶ȻƵȴõĻţԼǾҶõ塣
ѪûӰҶҲû˼ȥ׷ѪǽһЩڣҲһʱԼҪ磬ｫѪƴӮ˻ţȵԺ֮һ
תһĹ⻪ߣʲûԶҶĻһ⣬ý˲Ÿо⾹ȻһƬ⣬ʹĲǷɽһűʵķ
âһɢɢ˿¶ΣǹȴûɢΧԻƲһƬǹ⡣
ʹǺʱмƣֻǹ̺ޱǿķ
һɫȻڼ󣬿ʮ꣬һǿȴʾ˲׵ʵҶĴ£˵Ҳϵʿ
жǻǸߵ鷨ʦͯʵеƲ⣬м׼ȷҶҲһο
˻ǰʱʱҶͷŵȥȻ˱ȭɽӾʿȴ֪γƺһɵͬ
Ҷ಻ףƲ˭˶֪һҶĴʱҲƣԳƱӾʿһƾ֪ΪԲԼ֮¡
οǿϢȴ͸¶һƽ͵ζӾʿһ¾ϳڵҶһǳ⣬ЩаϢ˵ʱҲ
ڽǹһɫûֻǹ̺ĵࡣ˵ʲŵıӾʿһâ¶ĳʱĻôѾյ˵ʵС
ҶļһҲʲôаˣϼӵİԼǱѪ浹Ҳû˰ʲôףͿĻ˻ɽҶģ
ɽӾʿһ㶣ȴͷһμԼͬʿȴ֪Ƕüɽɽ
ӡɽҲɽеʿ࣬лˣѰɢ͹ȥˣ⼸ûʲôνɢ޴ڣйҲĸ쳣ƫƧš
Ƕüɽɽȫɽ󴨣неǿǺöеģ֪յЩɽҴܣԶ˵ЩطѾûʲôܿˣĸɽͷмжʿһ
ҶԳɽˣİĺܣôĸȽ޵ĵطУ򱱺ӾʿʾƲû˵
ȥȴû򣬱ӾʿȽԼҷȻ׼Ҷĺ̸̸̽̽˵ĵϸҶֻԶԶһʵˣ
ӾʿҲһûϵôԶҲܷ֣ԼʲŹʱҲֻǱѪԲûԼ
»Ҫһ£˿ɲáͬΪһ˸ϡﻩ鴫ĻʵڶˣЦŶҶİ˰֣ûʲôһЩеѰˣ
Ŷ
Ҷû뵽ӻϵ΢һԼǿ˼֣ͬʱԶһȺ˵ֻƬҲҶˡ
ʲô飿Ӳǵ߸İˣôôһ£
˵û˻ⲻǵĹû˵ˣϽİɣҲܿǰֶΣ
˵ǹ󾿾ʲôģ
ʲôģǰһʲô鶼ܽˣ˵ƺһ˷Ըһ䣺ˣʮ׵˹ƺඣѰǱߵסִǶûùӳԡ
Ҷľûˣֻ⼸ǱЩרŴر¼ĲˣǸʮ׵ĽĿҶǰ濴
ȥԭ࣡ǽĿǸϡŹ¼һĽֹͣȥҥԿƻ
Ѱ˼ţֻǱӾʿɫйŹ֣ҶľȻй˼֣ȭһʲŲ֪ԭǰʧˣ
ҶأͻȻ뵽ԼɢʱⱱӾʿɫƺб仯ǲԼɢ֪Լղʲô
ѵΪҵǿƶΪǳǿᣬŵǰģ
ʵҶĲµûҳ֮԰ٻѨΪ⽣Ͳǰˣ㾰뽣һЩν˽һ֮ޱƣӾʿһ˹Ȼǿ㾳磬̽䵱ǰԲԵøӹ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ֻЩ֮˽λǰϲԾ͵ǰԸѰ˼ط˵
ƣ
ȻѾˣҶҲȥͣ΢΢˵ǰļƣһת˳ִͳһŷʹ󽣹ⱬգۼͳ嵽ϡ
ӾʿȻҶĸղŵĶҲǷһԼʹ˸۷ǹ⸴ֻǿᵶգۼ׷ҶĵĽ⡣
УޱѸݣһһѾ˺Զ֮һɽ֮ϣֻҶڰоɢȥȻƮڵصΪӾʿҪԼҵݵĸӵӦ֣֮󵶹žɢȥͬʱʱȻû˵ΧĻݲݡ
ҶƮڵ֮󣬼ӾʿվԭҲе㲻˼һȡɳ԰ںãȻԱһ֣
ֶαӾʿҲþȣȵλǰƺִƷϤȻŴƤɳ
֮󣬱ӾʿڴҶģֻǾǰԵԽأԲһþͿ֪ǰôǱѪģ
ûʲôǼһΪǸ۸Ҫ͵Ϯңµһ˵ȴȥ˾ݶһ¡
Ϊ鲻ʲôԼһ˵꣬ǱӾʿüͷͿҪšһ֣վǰ֣̫أҪȥüɽһˣ
Ŷ
ҶĲ龿ˣĪǱѪĳزһ¶پҪַ
ƳҶĵĲ⣬ӾʿҲûֱӿڵǰ֪ܲǱѪ汾ɵӣһϰ֮෨ѪƭéɽŵԻ뽫ɼħƳһ׺ݷɽħѪ񽣣
˵˴Ӿʿֳ֮ɫǾħѪ񽣺ų񽣣ʵȴһ۲۵аɽǿԲضԣҪǴ˽Ϊ񽣱֮͡
Ҷ룬йؼѪΪλԼɱŵ֮ɱҡ
ԭˣŵǾǱѪѡľħ֮һ
ӾʿһЦô򵥣⽣ȻǾħҪһħҲҪŸŵ֮ʿҲ˵ȻǾħȴҪžŰʮһʿ
ҶҲǳһħѪ񽣵ȷйˣȻҪοʮһʿҪûУȴ֪Ҫһ
ѹֶüԼƺصıӾʿҪʰǱѪ棬˵ôܲ𣿡
ӾʿҶı˱ȭֵһ䣺н۵Ҳûˣʱܼǰʱǰúó̸ξˡʧˣ˵ռ𵶹̼ûӰӣҶҪҲ
űӾʿԶȥķҶĵС
н۵ûˡԭнҲҪÿһʱҪٰһξۻģִ࣡
°ͣҶõϢϸһ£Լڶнһģ֪
ʵǿϹĳط治Ҳײҳ߶ĻǸɵĵײŵӣжлҵӽн뵱ȨҲкܶϵҲǱȻģôϡŹֵ飬ȨΪҪרȥĨɾһȺеˣɵĲǲƨɵĻ𣿡
ҶĺٺЦЦôĶȴҪЩ˸Լʰ̯ӣȴ˿ûаⲻȥĸоú˼
ûйȥµ뷨αӾʿǺȺһģ˭֪жǸ򣿶Щְ˳ɻ͵йأԼûҪȥǸɡ
ȥȵ͵չͽ°ͣߵľۻԼúúô
ţۻǸνرطǣ׼һչʾʵԼȥǵطһΰж
˵ˣԼǰִûκ𣬾һչʵŸεĵطҶԺҲҪԼҵȥһȦλӻġ
֮⣬ҪԼеݶˣҶĽⶫ֮ԼĪָСû˰㶯ͺ·Сһ˿Ʋκ״
ðϽӵ㷴Ӧ
Ҷ󣬿Сǿޱȣ˵ǲ㣬ƾҶ̽ʼղӦ
ҶĻһ棬ǳ˷һġԼЩԼ۳Ԫ֮ûκεĻӦ
ɼҲҶĴһʲһɲһĴȥȫһǱɫСһ˲;ʧͬʱѾޱ۵Щ
⻹ҶմһѾ㹻ǿǿס̬ǰķţȻסˡ
˵ԵģΣյʱˣ
ҶĽСֶһյ𽣹ж
ڼٲϰһ֮Ҫ˵ϰ֮Ȼǳ;ЧáͺѧһѧȥԶԶĿһˣȻ֮Ҳͳˡ
ҶĴӺɵڣȻټ𽣹ɻУһ;˲پ飬Լ֮࣬Ȼľ޴󣬵ǿշˣʱٺʲôӾʿȥҲ˼ҶԼƮôΡ
ԼұиӦĻѾվ̨ϵţû뵽ҶĻʱƾȻôˣҶڷɵԼʱǱзû뵽ԼүϷɻ
ѩϰ֮ҲãѩֻƮ˵ǻĺԶҶȴеķжأûºһ̾
ɽأ
ҶĻ˻֣㲻ϣγȥһеˣȻõġ
ӾʿһЩԼĲ²˵һ飬ҶʵѧУ顣ǹϵ֮ԼܷһɵĹؼ
ѧѾˣ󲿷ֶ14굽20֮ģγ̻ǴѧĿγ̿ʼ̵һЩСѧǱļڰ࣬ƽʱǻҪѧż˲ⲿ˲࣡
ŶҶҲ⣬Ҫ뿴ܲеӣӣԼ׵ƵԼ²һ¡
ӰԺĹҾͲĸҳԸѺ


033 ɫ
ɽѧУ˳ȥѧҲ࣬ʱûʲôҪѰ˼֮ҶķԼֱµ״̬
ѧУɻͬʱɼٺˣǴ¶ҪҶһмͽҪ̵ÿ춼й̶ҪʮȥҶľùĺܿ죬ûôһ͹ȥˡ
ȴвͬѧУ̿εʦȥȻҶҲ˼ÿΣĿҪǽЩѧʣҽ̵ĶǱȽϴǳĹ򣬱ɽɱΪȫɶѧϰƹ
ƷɽĹ򣬵ҶĿȴƳһԵĹˣ·Ȼô࣬⾳ȫʺõĴȻõǺܳʱҲ
ŹΪȻʲҶÿܵν̵ľơֻʽͷķûھʹ֮
ڹʹķžЩҲѧˣοҪھҲʵ̫ѣܹҶҲǴΪ⣬оôڷ⻹лвɫĹ͡
ɫ;׷ŵĹͬһΪãתΪϵеϰʹá
ܹϰڹʱҶĻû̫һ㣬ŷ֣ŹǶôİԵ
򵥵˵ĵ򻷾ԽԽӣսƶⲻϾͲκˡͻΪһ治κ壬ֲﻹ
ֻҪĴڣʹֻΪӵѾҪݽ߰ˡ
Ȼ˶ֻǶٲͬˣء򻷾ԽԽԶǻǶʹ˵Ӱ첢
ǶʿѾʼΪͷֵʱ͢ԼѪ˵ʮĻϡ
ͬʱЩϰаŹû˾ѪԼ׺ħһԵҴܶҹԽԽ
һжҲвͬ˵߻ǱȽϽӽģֻޱ߸ӦΨһڵĶӻ·Կż
ҶȴҪЩˣɫ;ҶķԼơȫӵɵԴ֡
תһ
ҶĵֻһҲǺͱڤ񹦡׽ȹΪЩƣȱڤ񹦺׽ŹҪӰԵ
ֻҪԼܹҵʵĵӣôͿԲʲôʲôԪʲôŹеһȻ
ҶֵǣձӾʿ˵ҪȥüѶһʱüɽԼɽȻޱ֣ȻʿߣԼҲԳû̽̽һЩԼ֪顣
ǰȥˣԼסɽȺɽ֮࣬ȴûҲûиоʲôÿնʱ佫ԼŵķΧȥ̽ϧһؾͺʲôûзƵأôƽ
ȻûҲ⣬ϾԼΪѡӶŬЩҵ˼ʲˣڻڿЩ˵ƷУĲҲ׼ȴһȺ֮ſʼЩĹ
֮⣬ʱ﷢ԼеһƵؼ
ɫо
ɫʲôҶĿõģǿǴţƵ£˵ӦǹΨһԿ϶ľⶫţǳţޱȵţ
ҶľԼõΪԼãΪһĽ
ЩҶļµǵɫǿᣬȴѰ˼³ʲô⣬߲ʹѾ㹻һʱҶĻ벻ʲôȷϻµĹֱǿġ
¸ʾҲãûиŬķ򡭡
ϧҶĶƮ֮Ĺ򷨱û̫ӡ󣬾èİһҲ벻ʲôʵĶ
ʱҶһŻµĹȴʲ뻪дʱԼģΪʵһʱỹûɢȥ
ԼĪһƴСĲɫԼһ󣬾ͺһһֻǻ΢΢⣬ɫرˡ
һҶҲ֪ĸҴ˵طпԼڴιʱƼԼָϵָҶľЦ˵˾䣺벻Ҳⶫܸҳ⣡
һ£βɫסָ֮ȥͣһ˹һ߻Ҳ֪Ѿͷĵⶫ᲻ָĻӦ
û˵꣬ҶľԼϤʾ˵ɻıһھͺЩ߿ƼһҶĻе㲻Ӧö֮ҲϰˣʱһҶ΢΢һ֮ͻعһˡ
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ΪʾԼԻ챦ʹٻʱʾޱȽӽΨһָû˵⵽챦˵֪µѾħ룬ָŻôж
ԼɾָͣѾֻҪָڵһж֮ԼҪľǸָṩ㹻ġʲôȴνˡ
Ƭָ֮ͻȻ΢΢һͺһǳСĵһһһҶС
õԼǰһ۵ļֲ㽫ҶŵĽϵĶڵϣʵΪɫ⼸̫ˡ
ôײаɣµȻٻô
ע⵽ϵֲֻɫĸ֣ں滹ŷǳ۵ġо֣ҶϸȥС˺üߴָԵ֪ĴһΪǱأ
ðܱܲôˣ
򿪣ҶĴƲǲоִʲô
ɫͲ˵ˣഫǹʱһλţ˿ľڷкųʥ֮޵УҶôһܣҲʲô챦ˣɫͺˣ
ô
ȻᣬҶڵΪƺҲܴﵽɫĳ̶ȣԵҶĽ֮ĵһ仰ͲѪ
οԳܿɣɽկ˸֮ԭɫ⣬ҲԭޣϰĪ̫⣡
ôһ仰Ҷĺ޺޵һԼָôĿƪԼָǲסһţˣǹԼģ
ڽָǰƷĶ㲻յĹЧܺãشɫţɽկ˸滹ǲоҲ̫áϾҲǺĹҶһ֮Ӧбϵġ
ͬʱԼԻµΪٻҲ˵ָ⹦ĿǰȽʺϻµģȻôӦûв⡣
󷭣ҶⱾΪνɽկ˸ӻǲоˣԭɫǻ֮ʱһ˿֮ڷֻеʱɵģͬʱſγɡ
ɫıȸβ𣬶Ǹ۵˷˿ȸĴҲʱŽɫΪáʱҶľ㲻ԴҲףԲԼܵõĶԼõˣҲûʱȥ
ԣⱾɫⲻǸɫһЩģ¶ɵĲȻͨһַƵķʽ˵Ǳﻹǹľһ֮
Ҷеνɽկ˸Ĳоʵɽկɫһվԣܹȫɣôͻɫеһɫ

Ҷеľһνɽկ˸оȻô˼˼ɫɽկȲᣬȻ˺ô󾢲ɫеһɫҲʵ̫һ㣿
ȥ֮ҶȴԽԽԼǰƺ̫ˣȵȫνɽկɫ⾿жôţ㲻ԭɫ⣬ҪڵԿԺߣ
ɽկɫ⣬ɫһɫţһǽɫһΪɫķ
Ҳ˵Ҷһ֮һˣ
ɫҲɫһзֻľˮӦһÿһҲӦһ⣬ҰհסࡢڡࡢɫӦ
ŵǸţǻܹ⣬ôͿԼһɫ⣬ɫ𣬲һнϵұҲ֮߱ɱԣ̬ҪʱҲԻֱ̬ӹС
˻ðԵ
ʱҶľζʲôˣֻҪ⣬ôϵԺͶԻЧͬʱ»ҶԼһԸûɽСҶĲͬǣǻûɷɽģǾ֮߱ķɽû
ȻҶֻһɴһЩܸٵĿھе֪ĵҲƵЧãҲ˵ÿһ⣬˵ʵͻܶ࣬һֱⶼΪֹ
⻹꣬ԣⶼɲǱһлڶǵɫΪһݵУ
ɫųﲻˢɽկֻܿͬϵɽկ֮Ҳ̫ɫĨڣûɣôøƲɫ⡣ֻǸɽկ
ֻеһǲɽկɫ⣬йһͿ԰ʱɫӦһзĵɫһκˡˢ⵱Уȫƾʹһ
ҶĳԾǱһλֻװ׵дţΪ߾ʾǲߣɽɫݣɫ֮ݻ磬Ȼ֮·ֻУһĻɫɫˣٶɽկ֡

ҶĿλþԣҪ˵ǾԲܵģܹɫջѰֵܹסģ
û£ǵԼҪҪŬĻ챦תɫ⣿
ȥɫҲֻϰ֮˻˸ܲɸҲᣬֻ⹦Ļ治þͱȻ챦ǿ
кܴķչռ䣬ⷢչռȴ߱׿ɫȥܴﵽԵľ磡ǰ飬ʲôҲˣ
ҶһֱΪԼжôǿᣬΪ͸ͣͲǰ֪֡ԼһǿǿָͲЩ޿֮ʿһһƾԼϵͻơ
ԣⱾɽկɫǶµĴ
ͷԼĻ챦ҶͻȻ򵽣ɫзƻ磬챦ҲӦҲ̥ڻ硣ǵҽ챦ʮɣδû챦ݻ磡Ļ챦ҲҲᷢ仯αطǵִɫŹ
˵ɫҲֻǺųʥ֮޵У챦ҲʥӦɫ߼򱾾Ͳһϵͳ·ģҶԵ÷ǳûеӦáɡ


034 ࣡
ᷭ˸飬ҶûеõϢ֪ɽկɫûһ֮ǰֱ⡢ľ⡢⡢ˮԼ⡣
ҶЩغ֪֪ʶаԻֵĻƺӦôǵһСηǳǳСע֮ͲټѰ˼ˡǸעҲû˵ʲôֻдһ䣺ʽֻǺ񣬲
Ȼװ׵ĸôΪҶҲͲѰ˼ЩˣֻǼж
ָղоô򵥣Ϊڰнзֻ󻹴ҲŸҲӵЩ仯
ȻҶһʱ벻ԻʲôãٸľӾͱȽϺˡ
еľڰзľľԣһһ磬ڱԼϷѬյ˶ԴʲôҲ˵ǻľĻķ֮ҲܹԼʩչ
ԽԽ۲
ŵһԣҶĿʼѰ˼ԼĻ챦ˣڻ챦ʮ㾢Ҳֱһԡ
̴õϼŻ𣡺شŵءѪǺʵ
ֻô»Ʋ챦ľ챦ʮ㲻ͬΪһҪӵһ㿪ʼķӳأԭں㹦ԣǰȫŵġ
İǡöӦ˵һ̵
Ͳ챦ʮ㹦ҲӦʮ㹦ԣͬʱֱַȻޱ
Ҷֻ˰̡õϼǺʱŵһԣķ쾧ûõȻϰ
Ҳ˵Ҷ챦ĹûٿǵԵͬʱɺܷӳĻҶ챦ʮ֮һûзӳ
뵽Щ΢ˬһ㣬ԼϰĹܹ黹Щ
ˮءʵ鼸һУ˵˵ʮЩ֮⣬ֱ¼ϼɽˮǳȵȣɼ챦ʵкܶ಻Ϊ֪ĵطȴȥھ
ԼǰֻձƵʵ̫û湦
תһ룬ձȥеæ̸ȥε̽ѰľڣҶһæ챦ҪоԼǲڵܹĵġ
ͬʱɫеĸ⽻˻£֪ܵ˵Լ뵽ķţȻ½ɣͽһķȻЦǺǵڻޱȿбƵˮϡ
ҪúллҶĵĻʹ˻һҶˬĲԽ˼ɤӣȻΪ˸Ĵ۾ǵڶһѩûʲôɫѩҾڸڡ
ڨЦһҶֻתƻķʽΣ֪ʦõˣ
ѩûشֻƼˣƽƽüͻȻһ⣬һɫѩӡѨϣһɫ߳ѩΧ»ƣȵĽȻûбҶȴܹĸо뵱ѾȫֻͬҲȫȻһˡ
Ҫǣʱѩ㲻մأԼһߵľ룬Ʈ𣬳ƮͺʱҪ˷ȥһ㡣ѩ͹˵òκ˼ǶҪڵϴһŮ·
šǰЩȹĻǾŮˣ
ʱѩһʴ˶㣬ϲһ˫Ůʽ˶ЬҲǷʷʴ˶ͺһͨѧУŮʦƵأûʲôŮģ
ѩת˼ȦʵʵѩϷĵطҶҡ»ҡҰڣһ
ȻѩģԼͻֵĶ̫ǵʦüŭԲŻ
ЦЦҲû˵ҶǱз֮ͷҲϹһֱӴͷȻҲƮѩһڰ֮ϡ
˶ûٶ໰߿ȥֻǳʱڿգȹƬɵıԽԽ죬ֹƬ֮ĻǸղǰƵѾǽⱬԿһһգ۵Ĺ⾰Ѿܳ˲֪Զ
һһݺȥҲû׼ͷֻǺ󡢺ңΪʱʱ⻹ύһȻһǰȥֻƬ֮ɫһȻɫͺ˴Ŀһ˦һԡ
ʱܹ⣬ôͻһɫԿм۶ǵɫ⻪ʱʱͻɫȥɫͻȻһת˸ɣҪôͻȻһŤŤƺڶɫľ
ʵʵҲ⽣ֵĲ࣬ѩƺǹںҶһ𽣹ɵļ죬ҶҲѩ֮ãԼѷеٶȿɲԼ϶٣ԼѾҪ߾ȫȴҲֻѩ˲ٶϡ
ȻҶĲ˺ıȫҲһԳѩֻĻ֤ԼĺܲңԼʦǰɵĿһ㣬Լں׷һҲ㲻ʲô
Լʦö֮ȷ൱츳Լеķţʦÿ˿·磬תŲ֮ɱԼˣҲ֪ǲǵṦʱµĵӣ⽣ľͺһСߣֵôҲץ
ҶĵĽȻθҲѾΪǺѩԭ·ߵһȣĽƻֱֺ߳̽ϿΪص㣬ѩ΢һתܽ˸ձľ»ָԭ
һѩɫ⵱΢΢عͷʦɻԼԶĵطźҶ˸۵΢΢˳֮һ˸͵ǰ˼֡һСʱѩȻɫɵĸӿˡ
ϣȥɾҪˣ
뵽˴ٲˣȫתҶҲ΢һ䣬ԵĽΧƺһ˿ɫҶĵĽԵòôǿһֳĸо
ͬʱҲԼ͸¶һȵĸо⻹꣬Ҷٷ֮󣬽оȻеǹ⣬ɫ⻪ڿлͺһɫǺӺյһ
ҶȫԸֻ֮˲׷ѾܳԶɫ⡣ѩͷеͬʱҶĻԼʦ˸ѩЦãȻ֪Ӧԣ
ֻôһĹѩʲôҲʧˣĽٶȿʼѵһķ⡣
ʱ˶֪ɵûһֱֱߣǺȻȻҵһתɲԶֻôɽȴҶ΢еԾҲ֪Ƿɵ뻹Ƿɵƹ֮ˣ
кܶɽ룬ֻҶȻУƽʱûŽ⵽ɣһʱҲϲ﾿ģֻѰ˼Χɽ࣬Բô²⡣
֮ûͷҶѰ˼Ҹط£ȻʸҲãҪѩкͻȻԼʦþһȻָǰԶĵط˵˾䣺ʦ֡е֣
Ҷ˳ѩָһƣͬʱһ̽Ҳֵ״ղûзΪͷѰûгУרĿɫѩ緢״
Ҫȥ𣿡
ѩֱӹȥ¶Լʦҽûô򵥣ǵطȻйŹ֣һЩԾǲ˷̴̵ĳȥƻ鷳ԻҶС
ҶҲ뵽һ㣬ֱҡҡͷˣҸĸϽȥˣʱǲҪЩʿϹϵĺã
ѩҲ˵ͷҶĵļƻûж˿ҹ˾ʱҲԼһЩ뷨ѩҶһѰͽȵҪɱ磬͵һ㵹Ҳԭļƻ
ֻϧǣ粻㣬ܶ㣡
Ҷĺѩ׼ת𴦷ȥͼǱһ˵ĵطͻȻһӰһʿ˲һɫƶҶĺѩ֣λСǶüɵ˰ɣôô
˵ҲææĳҶѩ֣¶ԷԼһ
ҶѩһۣҲû뵽ͻȻô״һ˶üˣƺе̫ˡ
ͷѰ˼Ƭ̣ҶֻǱһգûʲô𣬿ɾôʱ˾ϡ
ߣȥ
ȻѾˣôߵĻɣ󷽷ĹȥĺһЩ㱻֪ԼǶüɵˣҲϴģǿûôܹԼ
ѩʦô˵ҲͲٳɣһתԼʦǼƵʿǰֻϵʿָָԼ֮ԼĪһվͺͳˮﵹӰľųˮĲסŤһȥɣ
ҶĶʿ˱ȭҲ˵ʲôѩֱӳ˽ȥڼˮĿռ䴩ʱҶľ͸оԼһˮͷһһ飬;ˬ
ȵعԼǰɻǸղǸطǾɫȴѾղϿƽƽһͺͺɽͷϾȻۼ˼ʮˡ
ؼǣЩ˴ŴҲв˱ŵʲôﻥ̸ţҶĺѩһЩ΢΢һ̧ͷһ֮ջĿ⡣
ֻ˵Ե۵֪˭
Ҳͷһۣҡҡͷʶãʱལ⣬ǶüɵСӡ
üô£ô龹Ȼһûʲôţǡ
ʲôû˵Ҳʲôûǹ˼˶ӣ˭֪᲻üϤڳҪ˵˴üɵ˶Լƽһ鷳
һ˼˵ŻҶѩɽͷ֮󣬻ͷһǼƵĵʿûվƶϱĿƺûжط
ʿר˿ŵģǼʿȴûѰڵġšͻԳν份
ղԼѩݺȥǱзֵȴҲЩ֪˶ϹǣϾǱзûӦԼһӰ˵̽װãн˶ġ
طȻ󷨸ѩԼֻҪ΢һ̽ܲҲû̫⡣
ɽͷϣҶĵѩһ󣺡ȻײˣǾͺúÿнô͵±ã
ʦ֣۸أ
ǾѾҶҲΪ˵͵͵ˣĲȵԼˣǻ͵ƨһȲ
˵ŻͻȻΧмסһ£ĿĹ˷һȺ˶̧ͷȥֵԼʦһ̧ͷȥơ
һȺΪԼԶַ⣬Ҳһһ࣬ҶĻƵ˵˾䣺Ƕüɵˣôģ


035 
³ֵ˶ӣҲΧ˵ĹװͬǷǳִ·һпţп㣻һװٲȻһ̽ɹʿ
ɽͷ֮ϵʱ˽⣬һϹһıϵָרԼĴָΧ˿ԼĿйŹ֣м˻ʱʱһȥ
˳ĿǰһҶĺѩξͱƵһ·ҲִһѴװ˵кۡ
ҶĵҲûжվƾ˺һ󻹳΢΢һЦƺе㾪ȣǺѺõĻһЦݣȻԵͬʦܣе鷳ԺҪ̫çײ
ǴװĻ˻֣ʦ憪£ôͬʲôοʦֵܴ˷ֶʹʲô꣬Ҳǲ壡
˵ҲûйѹΧһЩΪ֮˻һ˶˸
Ȼ⻰ԿλȻǶüҲм͵ģֻǰһŮƺ䲢ʶĪǶ˲Ƕüɵģ
мתĿѾʲŶŮʦУȽ˻ǸʿǰͷҶԣ˸
λѡ֪γƺ
ҶĻ˸񣬼򵥵ıԼ֣Ҷģشļ򵥣Եٲ˵ǵʿתѩʱҲֻһ䣺ˣ
ŶٳʿԷ·㻻˸ʽȥʣ֪ٳɽУ
ɽ
⻰ʿһͷ˵ĻشʵйûףɽַָɽָһȺɽֻ˵ɽ֪Ǻδ벻֮£ֻ·ƺеŹ֣öͷǹһˣҪλ̽ˡ
ôţҶĵ֪ʲôǷ򸾶ֻʷӴ˾ˣѰʲôؽ磬ͱ㻽˽Ҷʵ֪Ǻεأ
ʿǽһԴ·ķ򸾸˽ҲԼʲûЦŵ˴ƹ֮أﲻԶǵɽ
Ҷ֪ԼѩײȻܵ˶һ֮ҲеȤһοɲôûͷûԵҷˡ
лλҶľ׷﷢ʲô飬ҪҶĺܸɴı̬ҪæĵطҲԾ
Ⱥ˵ͿҲƽʹޱȣȻʿռȻײˣϵ˳̽̽ýһ΢֮Ǿ͸ˡ
ԭѰ˼ŵɳ߹ģ֮﷢չֽȴ΢仯ԼѩײߵľۻᣬҿƻҪ˭սһܽ˿ҲǲС
ʦ֡ѩԼʦֺιͻȻ⣬ȴʦֵ͵ƻϲϱ仯ƾҶ˵ʵȽɽɵŴȥȻǰЩʿǵʵﵽʲô̶ȣȾǸǵͣ
ֻҪܹȷԼʵҲǿᣬôȿŸʵɽɵŴȥҲǲɡ
ɽɾôˣҲû̶ɽڽѰҲѰţ̽ʵҲȹЩӽֱȥ˸ϼЩֻΪɽһֱǱ޲棬ǰ˲ŲáԲΪɽڶ̶̵ʱͻȻ׳ġ
ܵ˵ҲӰҶĵİţڽŴȥĻܻЩһִϢɽǱ޺ܾõɣ
һĶϾԼſĹҶ̽̽ʿǵձʵԼ򶷷ʽҲδɡ
ѩ˵ͷͲ˵ˣû˵ʱԺԼʦֺ֣ôţǾֻΨҶհԼʦֵľͺã
ֻʿƶӣڵɽУҲǹʽλͬڴˣΪƶλ˵鷳ԲŹͬǰȭ
Ŷʲô鷳
ӳ̾һ˵ȴǰ¼䣬һǰͻȻɽԳƵˣԳƵɽ޵δɾڵɽϽɣǹ
ҶҲе˼𣺡ҲǽɼĴɣǵ⻰δ⡭
һ̾鷳鷳˾Ȼ޵ǰµȷҪȵɴڵʱ仹ãѲΪѡ
ѩԽһ䣺ʲôΪѵģǵɽô󣬴ھҲˣ
ӿЦһҲģκǵ˲ģ˵ɽĶҪȫɶߣ򶨽¾һɶ
٣˿ɹԵˣҶЦһ˵ƢɹģͷҲ󣺡ǵɽضɣĪǻֲɣΪԼǵɽˣ
λ˵ļǣԭǶüǸп˵˹ҶʩһֻȻҵƣȴвͬҶȻƳ⵫Ҳû£ֻѰڻصλôƺ
һҶĻƱ֪˲ǱˡԭղǸƾǱ˻ʱãҲǱ˻ʶһְţϾüɼҴҵô೤ôӣ˭Ҳ˵ԼʶˣײҲϡ
˸ղʶ˵ҶѩҲǼһһģҴҲΪִǲͬţ˲Ź̽һ£ֲǡһһĽû̫⡣
ԴӼʮǰǱС˵Ժ˫ƺͳ˶üɵʱһȺüҲϲŪ۫ΪԼɽʱɽץĶüӣһֱȻ۫˫Ҳ˶üɵ
ֻΪС˵ҲǼʮǰĲʹ˫ĶΪӣӽȽǿǵҲȽִΪԭѩҶĳֵʱŻᱻüɵС
Ȼϲ˫ҲǶüɣҲȥһ۫ⶫѾôˣרڡгۣԼ㲻ǶüʹƵķɽҲ֡
ϻкܶϸ΢֮Ϊ۸һԼ㶼۫Ҳͬп˵Ǳ۫ǶüǿһԼʦܶǻ˴ǮһЩѾϡٵıҩݻõķɽ˫ǿᡣ
˴ǰȭǿǵ˱ǹϾǵҲŵĴɣô׵ıͻȻðļһˣĿ
ҶĽ̸˼䣬п˵ҽܣҽˣʦܳ壡
ҽҶġˣ
ŶҶˣҲûȥѩ֣Ȼ˼ҶˣֱӺҶ˾ͺãȻҶĴִ·ǲʵĻ治˾꣬Ҳ֪ʲôϰߣϲ֪ԼԼͰ͵ȥǲ鷳
֪λʦţ
ҶĴʱѾͷȥˣҲֱӿڴ˽ǳɽɣ
һܳɫ̾һ䣬һ֮漴ָֻԭ״
ҶĽɫ仯أѰ˼һ¾˹
˽ʦӶüüɽȺɽеһԼɽɽɣǲǽԷɸݽȥˣ
֮ҲǰԾ裬ͻȻֱӺԼ֣ЦЦ֡ȴ֪ɽϣ
ҶļûϸҲ˿ķ˶üԼɵļɻ䣬ҪԼǻ治ð졣ȴûشֻúĺŪ˾䣺ֻȺɽһС֮ϣλҲã
⻰һκ˶ⲻǺŪ֮ԣҶĵĸͲ뱨Լɽڡ
⻰Ҫ˵ãǰλǾþ֮ˣػأȺɽãԼһ԰һĲˣ
ֻҶļȻ˵Ҳ׷ʣֳҲûϾˡ
һ½½˼ˣкһ֮׼˳ɽͻȻڵ˷һһλˣһˣ
Ӻ֪λͬԸȭ
ǾԼһλˣܸԼĳԴ֮ʱҲΪԵãɽӾʿ

ϣ׼ˣʲô˹Ҫù
һеѰ죬ҵǷˣ
۷׷ףҶȴͻȻЦΧ˶ЦҲԵͻأֻѩ˾䣺ʦֺιʷЦ
ҶĵǱӾʿϵãѩе㾪ȣͬʱֱǰ°ʱҲҵǰˡ
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038 
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߱Ƚϼɻ䱻˽ѩ򷨣ǱȽƼǰѾ˴еޡ
ֻбӾʿԼһ㣬Լ뷨ʵе㲻ףһѶϾôͻȻðһУ
ϸϸȥ룬ҶǰǰֹҲ⼸һһֱǱչǱޣ˲ŲһһĻҲ͵Ĺȥ
ֻȻеͷĳȴûޣ͵һҲֱ治λǰǲԼ²ǰ㣬ǲдһѩʲһӰӡѰ˼ǲӦҸʱǰúġ
ָܵһʵ
ӾʿȻųƵʿսŵŵҪսרžƴɱ񶷼ɵһǿǺųɱ֮ĽҲҪѷһȻųɱ֮䱾ʿר޷еûʲôֻѡ˽ִıΪ˷Ȼǿᡣ
ȴЩȺоʲôĶУǽԼ屾ҲǿѰҲֺһ̫ѣҪóҪѹصĻһλ
˼ٱǧתǱȴֺʡ
˱Ͼ꣬ڹؼʱùһЩҪͬʱһסûѩһ֮µֻģҲǱ֣ʶŮӹǿǿɽԼˡ
˵ͬʱͿʼӦ뿪˴ֻȴûע⵽Լȥķǡڡ˵ˣֻԼľ׹θסѡ˺
⻹㣬˻׹һ׹ξͺһ汻׹ƺá
״ҲԼѪ죬Ҳкü˿ڹЦŮαһ´ȻҪÿɽȨ˱˵Ĳˣ
û˵꣬ͷŮӾȻӰεĸǰӦ˫ƾͷϮԼؿڡ
ǰһƬӰвֻͬƾǲףԼй֮ơȴѩּóƮѩơ
ƷҶĴڸģֻϰС๦ʱʱҪȥѩ̣ѩҲƷһƷٶȡʤɱ仯ȴԶʤ޵ơ
һ̻֮ϸľסִ֮Ҳľףֻľڵһ󡣲Լ˫ֲŻѩ˫ƾһ任ֻǰһ˫ذ˫ƾƮѩķѩһĥۼؿںСһۣһɼǿľԼڣʡ
Ʈѩһر任ѩһ׽һؾѩһΪʱʹƷܶƷеľ仯ʹʹƷʱȴǸõ쾡¡
ѩô͸Ī˵˸óǸޣ֮Ҳֵܹסѩǿƾ
ϵʱ򣬵˸мܲסƵһֻ׹Σʼղ֣Ҳ֪ҪѩġɽԾطɽԼոֵúȥ
ΪѩֻЦһȴԼѰ
һţ˫ѩŮʹʲôʽղűΪŹ۸һŮޣһȥͱ˸仨ˮҼԼ˳Է׷ᣬ̬־ŭͬʱҲ뵽һǳµĿܣŮӲǽޣǸޣ
һȴ֮ģѩڷźݻǾ壬ԼѾ׼ѩʲôֶҲмܵסղǼȻˣȴҲ׼ŮӵĹԼֻǴһʼԼʹ·硣
ѩȴûע⵽Լ׹е˱仯ѩҲ׷վԶüͷһüϵ͵һ貹⻪ҫĿ˾úǺÿ
ǵȴû͵飬ǵ֮˶Щرͨѩü⻪ĪҪʹʲôͨ
ţ׹͵һɫһ׹֮Ȼڰת˸ֱɱԼ
˴һƣ׹ųĽޱ޾ȻԼ˶䣬ɫҪƬնӳɫ˵ײ̺ްѪɫԡ
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ȴ˻ظɫڼ֮̾͵һ󱬷ȥΧֻһȻޱ߽ʹӵбûһХ֮ת˲ţȵٻعʱȻǵ˵Ӱֻһ߳أתɫ⻪ڿС
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˿ټһ̲̲Ѫֻǵ˱λ֪ʲôŮӸɱʬʣˣ˺һֻתĳԵǳ
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ֻбӾʿȼƵѩüĹâһͬʱɫȻģ͵ըѿ׹εķ϶гȻ˳ƽɱǵˡ
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Ҷı뿪кǼѩ̲״һţΧΪԸߵǶû˵ʲôֵֻĿҶġ
ֻǾǰһżգҶĿϹ⣬ңպ˾䣺ӣ
û䣬ͷѾųһ˲֪ٵɫֱʣҰ֮֮ҲǾһ𣬷׷̧ͷա
ʱƺܵޱ߽Ӱ죬ϡ֮ȻһŤһӰԳȻǵˡȴϹ֪ʲôţڱ֮ǰ˳ݳԶѩ˵㲻ԾͬʱҶĶʦΪ˽ⷴӦ㹻ʱҲ˶ΪϹѾʬ޴ˡ
ʱųޱ߽ȻվԶҲ콣εۣʱȥλ֪ݵ޲;֮ɫֻԼǰȻǿۡ
ʵѹֱӾʿǰͿ
ʵҲһͦʵĵطʵȻͻӮأҶһ¶ʵ޲ľǱӾʿ׼ӡҲ۾̧ͷǿὣ⡣
˵ƵĽ֮£˵ĵҴ֮
ƫڴʱ֪һѪ콣⣬⽣Լ͸¶˿˿ͻȻзɳȻֱȡҶĵżеҪҶĵȻǵˡ
ҶҲû뵽ȻӪϹ΢е㾪ȣֻҪˣǾǵɣԴǺģŲȥǲʲôǰųģȻǵѾǾ͵ȥǺ
ѾƳ˲ʲôˣǺߴǳҲֶΡɽ𲽽׶Σڰܹ
ҪǸ˵ҲԵͷ
мһȴм˼־ǰȫƾϵСҪ֮ʱ˶ٹʱ˶پǶ٣ټ
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ʱͷһҶԼһϹת͵ֱǿͬʱٶֿ˼֡
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˶ƵһҶĴ߳նɱˣֻһգ۵顣仹ʣǻԼҲԼĹͻᱻǺɫȻĿǵ˶ߡ
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˳Ծǣɫɱ˵֮󣬾ȻڿһתعͷֱǺɫȥ˼Ҫʰ·ֵļһ
ɫһ任ǰƢֹģǳ֮˭û͸ҽѵˣµ
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СĽˣɱ˵ҲͰˣû¶ļһҲɱ˶Էɴȥõ㣬պҲ̫Ρ
Ҷĵ뷨ǲֻͬΪ˼ȻѾˣԼֵ¸ɵ˵ˣô϶ѾʲôطûʲôҪɴԼԼ˼׵
ԽһתֱӺǺɫײһ𣬷һ죡
ʱǺɫ⵽Ȼһ䣬ȻɢԼпֲХһֶ¡ͷ֮С
Ӿʿ״ɫ䣬æһǰСģǾħѪ񽣣


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ħѪ񽣣жôҶĲӱӾʿĿѾ֪ҪƳɹǷǳ鷳ѵġ
ԼǱѪһƷΪ˾ܹɴ˽ҲҪܾ֮ϵվˡ
ħѪײ֮ϾȻȾһðҫѪ⣬Ȼ󷢳ͷεͣʴ
ħѪ񽣿ʴǰ콫ջأ
ħѪ֮ڿʴٻ˷ǲͣƲٸ˶ǿ񽣡
ҽǻѪҲǰ裬˽˵񶼻ᱻ仯ȥ˵˸ˣһ˽֮޲еǳ
ҶȴЦһ˲ôԼʵԼһ۶ɣͲʴʵ޷ɺˣ˷봦һֱʴĽҲˣҶʱԽʧĽϡ
ûаӾʿԽջأһȻȳϼ֮ǺȾֻһ̱Ρ⻹꣬ͻȻֱǿ࣬һ֮Ȼղǰư磬˵ĸоȴǸΣա
ڿһɫһλ׼ߵľħѪ棬ʱħѪȴܲãڿе˺üЩֱӱҶһ
ʽ˶һ㶣ʲݽҲǾÿֲޱȵħôô
ֻмʶıӾʿ׹ǰĪҪħħûɣôʱȥ
䣬ɳҲǵ⣬ΧűӾʿһתֱ֮նȥɳڿоۼһٲȻһģʱݺᣬư˭˶Ϊһ벻ʵһɳ仯ġ
ڿһת֮ת˼أֻգ۹ͽһƬվɨһ飬˻ûⱱӾʿʲôʱֻͻȻðһһۣǱѪ˭
ҶļǾħѪ񽣵ʱͲµȻһΧֻһΪʲôҪǵˣ
ĪҪҶͷҲûˮ㣿
ԴѰ˼ȴһǰһ磬Ѱ߲һ޶˾ͷҶľȻ˱Ѫ󣬶ҾȻʮñѪȥ
ҶһȻŷѪֻǲͻȻԼȴû뵽ҶѾ֣ԼâҪܵԼһЩͷ
ǱâŸռԼϾѾһʹ漴һ顯ľ׹ԼȻѾˡ
˺ͻȻʧȥ˿ƵսһȥѪôܹеֶΣлҶһϵʱϵķѾãҶһƵƾ඼Ƿ
һ磡
ҶļһûҪһҲеϧˤ䣬׷ֱӽûϵԼŸҪһϸֱ̹ԼĿҶǱѪıâ룬ǿ᲻С˾˫ȺʹƺָԼ˸ȫ
ֻͣһž죬âһȥһȥٻأƬ̼侹ȻΧҶĹʮߴΣҶۿּ治ܹɼҲѾñѪԼһʿĿɿڴǻǵһμһ˫ӲģһЩҲͰˣǱâǳ룬һЩֵܹסλǰȻֻƾƾͽ
һ죬һйŹ֣õĺǡꡯһǰƹƹҵĴΪͬ
̧ȥֻҶ߿֮У΢̧ʳжָ𣬾ȻǱâ˶ָ֮䡣˼Ǳâ̹ҫͣҶָһԱȱâ뻹ҪǿķһΡȻƾηֻĽڵнá
Ȼָܼס
ֻýʵ̫˼е˻Լǲǿ˻þĪҿһжǼٵģ˭˵Ļþ𣿡
Ӿʿ˿ĭѰʿãּʶԼس˸Ҷһ־ζʲô
ޡޣ
ҶʲһƷ϶ԼǰĲ²⣬ǶҶһĺˣ뷨Ӳƴ߳޻ʲôǽҲһɽܷӳսֻ޲Ż⽫Լ編һǿᡪ˵ѰʿͲǵҲɣֻΪȫͬĿġ
ʿǴΪԼܹɸΪ˸õǴΪս
вͣıâ룬ҶĺٺһЦסħѪֱԼסǱѪ滹ʲô͡
ֻѪѾֹס֮ƣ˫ĿҲҵ˹âңңҶеıâ룬ͬʱϲ֪߶ʲô˫ָ˸ȻһɫѪҺ
ɫѪҺڿγһͼ֮󣬲â뾢ı̹Ҳ׺ǱԼסľħѪҲ͵ıһХһ˲ص˱Ѫߡ
ͬҶָһâľԽԽǿҶĴʱҲǷţƢлȥƫȥ
ָһ˾һϼâϼâƺâ룬Ҷâԣָе뾹Ȼâһֻǲĸңͬʱ͵ıһֱ̹ȡҶĿ
Ҷһ˫Ŀ͵һƬϹϮıâ棬â类䵽İѩһڲϹ˳Ǳâ֮Ҷһ¾Ϳ˱âеһЩ֮˱Ѫڼһ
ȥɣ
Ҷȫ˲ͽбѪ˳뵱У˫ָϳϼƣȾΧһһ̾ͱҶָϵõϼյһɶ
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Ѫ͵һѪ漴ͷԼâ֮ϵ־ŭͬʱСҶҵķƲݣ
ֻ⻰Ļ˶ΪѪҪˣλҶǰƴһҶҲǰڿ˼׼սһѾ˻־ҪΪǿ
ϱѪ滰û˵ֱһڱɫѪҺȻ˾䷨˲ͲӰǱħѪҲһʧˣ
⡭
һɽ紵ҶѾֳ˲ٵͷ΢΢ƮͬʱűѪʧĵط㶡
ȥȻˣ
ֻбӾʿɵҶԱߣε˵˾䣺ʲһǰģѪƽȴʼܹңڣ̵ľһǧ˲Ϣζݣ˶ݷۼ⣬ֻҪһھѪ̶ȥ٣׷û׷

ҶĵƨĹʹ򣬴򲻹˲ûӰӣֱ޵һĴˣ˾ͿԳƣƽδһܣ
Ӿʿǰ²ֵüɸ־ΧҴȴʼûܽѪɱΪŶݷ̫ǿԵ
⻰ҲǸҶ̨£ô˶ûס棬ҶǰһץסҲ
˱Ӿʿ⻰ҶҲ˵㣬ֿ̧˿ϾţѰûʲôıâ룬ԼҲæôⷨͬʱɵ˵ˣҲǰԼ˵š
ͷͬҶеıâ룬ӾʿâǱѪĻձǰҲȥǱѪһۣ
ʲűӾʿһҶ˫ָס˱Ѫıâ룬ĿϹһգѪͿѪԪˣȻǱâеǰȥˣ˵˱Ԫ
ֶαӾʿʾλǰ似֮ǿǷڼǰҲУнȼĹƵôǼŴˡ
ʵҶĲôǿᣬԼȻǿҲһ۾˱ѪһοⷨѪ꣬ô꣬ٹô׸ģ
ҶҲֻȡɽѪƳ룬ֻĻ˲Ѫ棬ܹ˵ѪԼõϼ֮ľƺƱѪ档
һﲻʬ꣬еľǵȷ
õϼ𣬶֮ĿǣѪһմȾ̫ޱҲɾŻôЧ
һԭȴ֪ѪЩմħѪ񽣣ԪҲȽűҶĳû⻤
Ҷһ֣â漴ӰӾʿǰյ˴﷨Уⶫ˼ҶȡԼҲò廰
ֻǵҶպòŵ˵˾䣺âպ˲ʿǰҪûҪýһóã΢ӡ
ϢǻвٳչزļһҶҪâ뵽Ҵˣ׼ͻᱻһЩ˵Ѫͬ׷ɱȻҶĲ壬鷳ܱͱ⡣
лʿѣ
ҶĶԱӾʿ˹֣˼Һĺ⣬ԼȻҲҪһЩӡӾʿЦŵӦģǰˣ֮ҶЯڵ棬ʱӵ˲ŻعֵΪ顣
лǰ֣˱֮Σ
ҶЦЦʷˣŲؿ
Ŵ򽻵ҶǸﵱ˽ʮţ˵ȶѾ˳˵˼仰žѾƳǰһλ˵¼ƺԼмƣĪǡ
֪ǰԺźɣ
ҶĴʱҲѾ⣬ƳƺʲôҲֱӱҶģɽţ˷Ĵߣûкʵĵӣ
⻰˵İ٣˭Ҳë
һлԼ͸¶ϢľǣλǳǱ޵ĸ֣ƱչҲ˼ˣ˲ŲʶˡǵûĿܣϾһ˵
ͬʱҶҲһ֮𣬶γҲΪԼɿҪѰвſسɽ߶
ҶĴ˷ɽΪ˾ȻԾ̾һȴ뵽񻷾ȣŸɶĽͰҲңŴɻãһЩѰʿ͡
ƺҲԼĵȻӹ˽һأʵպд̾ҪɣҲɬ
Ҷ˷ӦҲ³Ϊ£ҲֲģǹԼĺãǽĻ̸ֻһ̸һ䷢һЩ»Ȥ£ԼĴ
ǰɽɡ
ʦԣһ٣ǧܶȹԱһֱɽŲҶĳҪѰµӣ˷Ҳ
˵ͷʾû׷ˣ˼ԱǾǲͣʾе㲻ʶôˡ˵ûҶⷬ٣ֻѩаһʦֿʼ˵˵ˣ


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ôҶĽһǳ׵Ľɽɵͷ˳Ȼ֪ʱн˶һɣͽĵԼüɿ¶ڵһʱ֪ɽɵĴڡ
ɾͲ̸ˣüɿеԣ˻ȥ϶Ҫһһʮ˵г֪ʱɽɵͷ϶ᴫھӵĶ䵱С
ͬʱüɹϵȽϽɿҲ֪Զ˵ƾˣǰỹǱӾʿɷȥյ顣ǱӾʿɱûʲôУɶʱڲԼ˵顣
֡䵱ɽɾͲᣬڳȻҲвٱɵӣûЩӵܣǵ벻˼ҷۣϰͰ͵ĸüɻҲǹ֮飬Ļ˵
˺һ֮оֻʣˣ⼸˶ΪġΪŵⲻᣬҲԵ㡣֮ⱱӾʿԼˡܳ嶼ڣʣµıҶĺѩˡ
ǰףҲҶĳ֮ҶλλȻӷԸһ˵
˱ҶоյĹһѹأԵ˲٣˵ҲʱʱϼЦҲһ԰ģĵҲ㾡ˡ
ȻٲñӾʿԼҪ̽̽ҶɽɵĵϸԴҶҲǺǣֻԼ˵˾䣺һҪĴ߶߶ʱ򶨵ȥüɽݻһţҲϼͬȥǼ棡
ǰǰɻӭ֮ȵʱʦֵܶȻӭӣˣɽҲмֵ
ǰ²ɽɻ᲻ֻʣλûˣҶǰŻ˼ææĳɽĴѰҵӺôɣĻҲԼӦϸ˵һų潫λǰڶüУһǶüɵʵ١
ֻҶ仰Գɽɲǹ˾ҶֵҲ˵ģ㻹ûǼȻ˼ѾѻųˣԵǺԡϾӿɲʱץ˴Ūһ
ҶͷѰ˼ȴҸʱŻºȥüɽתһȦȻܻһЩ顭ûܽбȥĴ󱳾Ҳû˭̫⡣
ҪǣԼ׵Щʵ̫ǸʲôˣȲ˵ԭϷҲѾڣɫ;ҲûõˡԼҪ׹Ϊɽ֮ٲҪ׼
򵥵ķӣȴȥüתһȦɫ԰԰ڣȲͼʲô𾪶˶ЩֻɢһѶţλǰĹܸһ
ҲͿԽɽɵһ߰ĳС˵ĹˣԼʹ˻챦ЩҲʲô֮Ὣ뵽̫ĵط
ֻһһ鷳뱣֤Լǰ˵ܱһж군󼪡
˼˸࣬ҶҲ˲ٹн顣
Ⱥ˵̸ۣڴµ˵ˡ
ڵֲ࣬нǿȻɣΪĿΨһɾɽϡȷе˵ɽҶѾˣɾһȫɵһƽС磬ֻɽһѿڣнǰܸȶ֮󣬳Ϊͨ
ӾʿҿУδǿǵԽɵĹϵȥɾУŲֻĿԼΪһ˲һҡ
֮󣬾䵱պյɣҲľƣɾƣɻпҲΪ̩ɽ
ɾͲ˵ˣн޷𷨣ѧȴҲкܶ಻ͬ˵ãʵҲǿޱȡ
䵱Ҷ֪䵱вͬ˵䵱ɵͳǴọ֮̈̄⻪ɽҲǴȫ̵ĵͳȲͬǻɽɵĵͳһЩȫ̵ĺ´ͨġ
䵱ɵĵͳﴫеҶûЩֻ䵱ɵ˿ôãΪ䵱ɽϵ䵱ɲǵһУǺöഫдյһġ˵˾ǺöģֻƾٳһǴȫͳˡ
⣬еλĸߣΪ˵һλǽǧпܷɵĸˡûϵûأĿǰɾչǱޣ䵱֮󻼣
䵱֮±ǻɽüǼɣڡٲݰﶼһΣֻ⼸ɵлɽüʵֱ׷䵱ɣҪƲ٣ЩԶüհٲȻǶüɵСܣһҪ˷䵱Լؼɡ
Ϊرղһϯ֮أȻʵҲǲҲ޷
Щ˵꣬ŵԡɽɡ徻ɡéɽӰһѵɣЩɵһҶĶҲ΢΢еԾΪЩҲһЩվõţѾΪˡ
ԡɽȲᣬ徻ɶڵȫͳڵҵλϱͲףнڵŻǺܺõġéɽҲ֪ʥأȻ䵽ء
ֻéɽ׽ǿʢ䵱ĲΪ˱סУéɽ׽µĹȽϴ󣬶䵱˳Ϊ֮ˣ⼸ȽϽӽ
ЩɣӰ˵ɲЩ͸¶Ļ¹һ꣬һСɾҪϾɾûܹĻûܹȥĵӣЩɵʱˡ
ڣһСɣɻûҲֻǿ㲻һӲŰˣֻҪ⼸һȥ̾͵÷ֱ
нǰȭģҲСС˵һ˻޸ɵţǧͰ͸ȭΪܹϵϵԼиɽܹ๶Ӳдꣿ
ϧһˣöҲ֪ȥ˻ڱĵطͬء
ʱЩʱҶľ;һꡣ޸ɽҲԹĵʥ֮һȻǵ㾳ء
Ѱ˼ţֻӾʿ̾Ϣϧǰǳöɾͨ󷨱٣нҲǵ㾳ˡ
ҶԭǿԹĳɾ֮⣬һɾȴ֪ɾʲôԭ򱻻ȥˣŶô˵²ԣӦͨɾͨȥˣ޷ڣôɾкûҲûʲôˡ
Ѱ˼һ£ҶĿ̽ɾ˺£
ôˣҲʲôֻԷ˺£˾ǰҲ֪ɾֻΪչ̫ã֪״
Ӿʿһƣڳ˾㿪ڵǰʼн˲ս£ʱҲ˽ȥһսನǡýɾڸˣԡ
Ҳû˵̫ϸн˵Ҳʲô£ԺĺŪȥҲˣ˵̫ϸƢƺеǰʲô
ȴҶһ¾˱ӾʿԵָʲôԴת׹Ͳٶʣֻǵ˵ͷʾˡ
һֱ˵˺һҶͻȻڣ֪ɾҪȥĻʲôҪ󣿡
ӶǰһˣȴҶǱչغþõˣɵѹڼϣ˿϶Ѱ˼ɾ顣ǰ˵뿴ǰ̵ʲôʱ򣬲ⶼ˰˲ſڣǴĲ硣
ȴ֪Ҷĸղһֱ˵ҪнԲû磬Ĳˣɾ顪ʲЩ̸ɾ鶼һû͸¶ʲôϢ
ӾʿƣƺشΪڳ˻ֻһȥɾˡܳ嶼ΪûǰزбҲ͡üɿҲҪٶŻȥɾ
ѹûеʸһɢҲһ޶ֻΪΪɽܹ롣
ɾΪ¹شԸŸɶЭ飬ҪΪ߻ܹɵľӢӲڡ
ӾʿձƵϻҶĻ˻ֱ֣ӵ˲˵Щ˵ľͱˣֱ˵ʵڵİɣ
εգӾʿֻÿڵʵЩҲ޳ɣκ΢ᣬı䲻˾ֻȥӦҲֻͶɲܻ쵽ʣԡ
Ҷνĵֺ޹أֻ˵ǣ
˵ˣֻҪǰܹΪнŵĴɣôͿɾˡ
šҶѰ˼Ѱ˼ǶüɵһƳüɵɲǰɣ
ǰ˶ԻѾãüӵȥɾʸģȴûУɼ֮Ǿ޴ķˮ롣Լɽɶ磬ҪΪüɱȼĴɣƻеæ
Ӿʿ⻰ڿ˵ҲٲҴţ˵ͷǰܹ֮ﵽǰ㾳أɳɾѡһطΪԼɵֻɾĺõطռˣǰȥĻ
ҶĵΪȻܹɾֻǰԸ⿿ĳһ¡˽ȥǾ鷳ˣ˼ҳҪŵʵҪʶʶͽʵǴΪӲУûʲôֵôһڡ
ôķڷ򵥰취ʲôȭͷҶıԼγսôһʸȻҲͳ˳µ顣
ɫǾǿԶʱγսĹֻҪһЩʱôҪһϯλӦûʲô⡣
ֻ鷳Լ磿ϾǶ͵£һ˱˶ɳڰ˽ӣҲ֮Żá
ƳҶĵ⣬ӾʿͻȻÿʮ궼дξۻᣬһʱѾԶҶǰ
Ҷűǣ
ҶȤͽһǰӾʿⷬǽҶĵ鷳Ȼ˵һۻᣬһ֪ʱ֪ص㣬ͬʱû˽ܵĻҵ˵طҲǺȥ
ԭѰ˼ҪҪͶüϵϵʱһȥȴӱӾʿһЩ
ɽҪһ£ӾʿǾν˺ܳǻ࿴˼ۣھǲ򵥣ȥȻҪú֪
ҶŻʵǲףǲ֪ʵΣǵʵҲҪһˡ
ܳһתͻȻѶԼʦֵҲǿ̽̽ɽɣϾɽһϯλǶüɻΣɵλÿɾΣˡ
˲ɫĵ˵ͷڳһȭ˼ˣʦܱȻضüɽˣλǰǰüɽӭӣ
˵뼸˻ʩܳ뿪𽣹ֱȥҶĿȥķԼʦõ˵ɽҪͷٲҪ鷳
⻰Ȼȥ˵˶ʲôȻһ¶ǰ


041 
ܳȥ֮ҶѩҲһۣ漴Ҳ׼ȥֻ˼ҶҶĸովɵĴΪмҪú̸һ̸
ȻǲҲɽɴʲôϵǴʱҶȴû˼˷ʱ䣬ֻ˵һеҪͽڵһȥģ
Žͷ˵ɽѩ𽣹ɡ
ȱӾʿҲҶԼѩͬһ󣬲漴֪ʲô֮ת׼ɽȥ
ҶҲñӾʿͻȻתǲ׼УԼɽɵ˵֪ڰͲ֪ɽɵԽԽãҲһǰڵĳˡ
˶Խ״Խ棬ԽԽ֪뷨ﵽһ۷ʱԼٴһڵֳԱԼֱðࡣ
ʦ֣ǽɽɵŴ˳ȥȥȴҪʼˣ
ʱҶѾãǶʮһεнۻǡþ2011Ѿ2005ˣ´ξۻỹĹ⾰ʱҲ֪ܹٵӣֻܾŬ
ҹţֻҪɫ̶ҵľͿĵӣĵܹʮôǵͷͲˣ
ЩŴɾжٳɫӣǵԼѩҲֻҪܳҲ㹻
˹׶ĲˣϿ˹кڰӣܹͻƺ춷Ҳһõĳֵͽһ⵹ҲԼ棬ҲԳŵ硣
ĻûҲ֪ʲô̶ʲôʵֻԭĻҲǲԱһ¡
Ҷץץͷ־ƺҲȲɫĪҪɫͬȣͻƾɺЩ
ҶеͷɵԱߵѩҲһЦʦʲôأ
ҶĵҲûֱӿڻشɫѾˣǻһŹԲܵ»ƣͬԷӳǿʵϵû֮Ҳܹɹ
ֲһȻҪСеĻƺԷӳһЩʽ
룬ѾУҪзҪ׵Ķ࣬Ҳ㲻ʲô⣬Ҷľûо֮ĶҲ֪Щܷͻ
ΪǿᣬǰŽҷɣһҲµѩȲȥ˵Ҷ֮䶯ԭٶȵû٣ȴʡࡣ
˻ص֮ҲеԺ˽ⶼǼ죬ڳɶϿնתƼҲˣ˳ҵԼڣͬʱҲʶһΧġ·´ٷųȥ棬ȻѰ·ˡ
˲һصУǱзͼ˳²ŷĵû¾ͺãһľûӰΪʲô顭
ȻҶĺѩʵǳǿᣬҲûǰô򵥣ճ̶Ȳ֪Ҫ˶ٸԻڱѰ֮ǵģµҲֻܹԹԵĴڼеȺ
ȥʱ˵飬һʱѲû֪ͨ㣡ҶĻµı㵣ˣ
ûʲôģ
Ҷ룬ʵǸˣ
ЦЦҲûд𻰣ֻǱͻȻһ׹⣬ͷҡڲǰõЩƮһ㡣
ֻ׹ֲУһ֪ʵҶƱ֪ոţȵ׹ȶСɡ
ȵµĸɣϵûʲôЧͬʱľϵķͷҲơ
⵹ΪԵʲôɣǳԵĶǳԵǱɫбû˷ּȥܡ
ֻǵһⲻɫշΪЩ˵ʲôԣֻɫǹɣ˵ԵģһǻԵģôⷨĽ߱ʲôأȻǴۼ˵
Աɫ˷ɣҲܽǽֻľԵĸסܲÿԼΪߵ͡
Ǹڻ֣ӳ˶һ˿˿׽ɫ⣬Ҷ°һ£úɣͲˣ
ɫ΢漴˸ۣūҺүأ
һ仰òҶѪӿЩʱջǱŻµĺãʱɻ䱻ţο⻹һͨǸɽկͨ
ѩص˷УǼ򵥵ʰһ£Ȼ̸յ
ô
ѩëʪͷùԼŪɣֻҶĲðˣʱԼͷģѩҲ֪Ǹø˻
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ҶĽë˹ȻѩͷţϾɽҪͷܵӰľЩﵽɾ׼ļɣ
£ϸ½֪ϢҶķ
򵥵˵Ƕüǡɽֱӵľ֡ڡٲݰＸңΪԺûֱӳͻ
Ҷѩͷ˶٣ָںڵķ˿ле˳У⼸ֻ־ƷҩΪɣɽֲЩȻûʲôףнٲԼܴ⼸ңЩҲȡЩɵĵλģ
ѩ΢΢۾ҶĵָѷشʱʱᰴͷϵѨλúԡܹȡľֻǼˣ
ţҶջ֣Ȼ־ͽëһԣ˳ֽѩק˴ϣңΪüɻʹ鷳
ҶյϢɾܹɵӦ޵ģԼҪȥȻҪ˱߳
ɽͶüʵǲףҹϵҲǴ۸ӡ
ҲӦһҴɣӽ֪ϢЩƺһղһգȻǿס˴ɵݣǱü£üɰɷֵ˴󲿷ֵѹܹȫʵɡ
˵ˣھǶüɵĸӹ䱾ʵȻüȴһࡣ
ԼɽҪɾܵвľɣ϶üɿ϶ôԼɽðͷǶҲһ̽ټεԼüҵ״
۴ķµĿܶȽϴԼɽܹһ󣬲ɵĽˣôǶüǶ¶ˡ
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ɽɷѾţ֮Žʰô鷳ˣɿ϶ưոݣüҲϣԼһӣһǿ׳ɱȡʱ϶ͷ˵пܹĶԼɽΪѡ
˵ˣʵ⣡
ѩקԼҶĽһƣ漴ͽһǺá
һԼʦ֣ɴŵͷѩȴͻȻʵ»ȥأôȥʲŻҶǻȻ󣬵ҲѩĶ䡣
ҶЦһԼʦûϱĦһ£ʦָʦ㡭
ɫ΢죬ѩҶôֱ׵˵Щ黹Ǿе㲻˼ȴֿɫ任Ҷĺһͷԡ
ôˣ
ûʲôѩֹֻǡ
ʲô
˺һѩſԿʵʦ֣˵ǲ⣿
ҶѩϺһʮֿ϶ûаûа⣡
ʦֺ֡ԼʦⲻƵΪŪ˴Ҳ֪ǲҶĸղһϹɵģѩһȻ壬Լһ⻰û˵꣬ԼɫȴǸ졣仰ȫ𣬷ŨŨĴ⡣
ٺ٣ҶȻһ˼ģֻ˫ħצδջȻڿЩղɵİٷдצ֡
ѩ˼ۣûԽ˱ջԼĿ⣬ȻͷʦҲһôˣǡ顭Ҳûӡ
˵ҶĲŻعζԼʦѰ˼˰
ЩһֱϹæûⷽ飬Լ檵ĺò֣ҲûŪСңҲû̫ᡣ뵽ԼʦȴһֱѰ˼£ȥԼĶҲûӦֻԼʲôëȻ⼸Ҳһ֪ʶûѧһЩɱĹ
ҶĽԼħצŲŲ˳˵ɽ廬ƽԭ֮ϣȻĻȦӣ顭ֲһ˾˵ģ
ѩʼһһҶҿ֦ɢҶ׼˻ûһаŮ
Ҳ֪ûοҶֻð鶼Լơ
㿴µĶӲҲû𣿶ҡ˵ҶͻȻ죬Щǲþôֱ׵ĺѩȥ˵
ѩһ㣬ֱӾ͵ʦָϲ뻪Ƿ¡˵⻰ʱѩϸ죬ȴ˯ʱ򱻸ڵѣܹȥһۣһҲû˯ãһӶ顣
еʱҲ룬ҲԼµʱ̫ȤЩֻҪ绪һŪô󶯾־̫ˡ
ҶεĿһ£˵Ǹ㿴µĶҲûзӦҲҵأ
ϸ룬Ҳô˵ûԼһֱֶҲķ뵱У׼ԼͰûˡ
ѩû֨û˳ƵҶϣֻüͷѰ˼Ǹô죿
Ҷȴ⣬ֻǵûкӶν㿴ŬɣȻҪɱ꣬ƽ׶˸СޣҲкܶ಻ĵطοܹнϰǳ֮
ѩԣҪһӣҶļشͲµ뷨ɴĽԼһתֱһ
ȻĻ
ҶĽ˫Ժһһתں¶һЦ
ǾֻŬˣ
ѩҶһһԼʦּΪΣҲûʲôĶֻƾԼϸ˹ȻԼʦֵĶϣ˫ְʦֵļ㶡

ҶĹüëʦðҪӾ͵ȻϺӣ뻳ϺӸҲõʦֽæһеˣԡ

ѩһ⻹ҶһۣѾ׹ҶҪʲôˡҶֳôԼҲ͵͵ȥۣ˻ͺµһʱֻޱˣ̾˻ϵʦֽ쾹ȻҪԼҲô
ҶųɱﵣʦãһʦֵľѻᣬͿʦܲܽʦˡ


042 Եף
ҶѩĴսҶĵʤգǾ÷ǳģΪɹ̤һ󲽣
ڶʱҶˬǿԼʦ˶ڱﲻϳʱ򣬺ٺٵĻЦһ
ЦĿģѩֶһЩǰܼͷʱͷ˿ɵˡӣҶҲе鲻̫ļǰĹ̫󣬻ɡ
ȳȥˣ
һкҶ漴㽫·ϣȻһ·Ц˳ȥ
һţͿһЦеԼ
ôˣ
ûʲô죺ֻǾÿأ
Ҷû˵ʲôֻ̧ͷ¥ҵĵطһȴûʲôԼʦûûӦĹʱèŲϳء
ҲûᣬҶĺͻֱӱѧУǱȥѧУԴӽɣϿ֮⼸û̫ᣬѧУǻºԼʦŪʱԼУе㲻ְ
ȻҲһԼУΡ
УУҵλѡһܺõλãǡܹУ԰ͬʱУʮֿλѧУѧ¥ĶˣܹĿɲֻһ棬Լתһ¾͸شš
תһƣǡÿһƮƮŶȹŮ߽УţŮӵĺڷֱֳһһ۾
ѧУһڳֱ۾һˮַǿɾˣַɵ˶ʵƻС
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ţ
ҶͻȻе㲻ԾԼѧУȻһܹڼⷢԼѧȲ˵ʵһѧż׻һشܹһֵˡ
ִԵĵԣҶĿʼѧͬʱ͸¥ʱǸŮѾٽĿͶҶǿᣬܻΪԼղŵķֲԼһ
ղȷڿңҲһƳȷ
ѧǰͣҶĵĿͣһŰ༶棬µĿͷӦЩƬֻһҲ㹻ҵԼҵĶˡ
һ࣬ᣡ
ͨһ֣ҴƬ˷Ϻһ˵Ⱞ֮⣬Ҳûʲôϡ档ǽͻȻҪһ飬ҶҲע⵽
˷γ̱ҶķԼǡһһΡ
ʱ㣡
ϿεʱҶĶֻһһʽȻ󿴵µѧèģ³ʲôӡ
һ˵츳ڵѧ򲻳ƵҲģ³ƣȻҲųΪԭŹˡͲҶڿǵˣɽѧУзǳϸĳɼԼҶĵĿγò߷֣Ҫʦõ߷һܵҶĵĹע
Ҷôʦԭ֮һѧ̫϶˲ԶЩʦҲܴӸ෽ȥһѧǲԼҪĵӡ
ĳɼʦ˳ϸĵȫǻŪģһжΪ˷Ҷġ
ĳɼ㣡ѧɼ㣡˼Ʒµȿγ㣡ţ
ҶգգۣȷԼۻγ̡񡭡
ͬʱ˷ʦǶѧΪЩȫѧԼҳǿţֻΪʦڲãͬʱÿʦҲ޷ʦĳѧ
ΪЩ涨Щ˵ȽϿ͹ۣһռıرѹƵ͵ĳ̶ȡ
ȻһĶΪѧʺ䡭
ٿѧʱдġΪʲôҪѧһĿϻشľȻǡǿ壡
ص
ҶĽ˫ֽ汧סԼĺԣͬʱ˫ż˰칫ϣСȴϿʱĵ
α磬緹ʱ֮ĿΣͬʱĿγ̱ݡҲûʲôЩȥϿǺһ顣
֮һѧѾ·ĵ
ѧǶУ˽⣬ƽʹҪƣ֪УƹĶ֣Щѧ治ܹȥŹ
˼ڵУһ£ȻǾͿ԰ڿʻԼʲôУҲֻᵭĿһ䣬˶ַֻ̫¡
ֻһѧ֪Ȼ᲻ܴҲˣŻİҶĽ̵ȥ
ȴҶһӣ˵˾䣺ղˣһҿ

ѧûϵôԶеһΧͬѧ֪Ӧô졣
㣬5ѰԼĶ֡
ɽѧУڼץıȽϣҶһɤ֮ѧ̷ֳһսгɶԣȻҶϣǸᱻų桪˭ҲԸһϰҲ²СĴֽˡ
СޱȵվҶǳǳЦЦУԱ߿ϰͺˡ
ãҶҲǻһЦݣҺ
۾ƺͻȻһ⣨ȫҶĵĴУıҲе仯Ҷһģڿƣ㹥ֻأ
ҶôҲ뷨ģʵڱСƵʱȻᱬĻһж޷ȥˡ
ĺܺãϧʵȴĴСѾͷָ۾Ȼһһ۵ĽԼڵƸ˳ʽ֮ӲƷ˼
ðҲ򲻳Ч
ֻǰһ磬ȻƸɰͰ͵ǰһƣĪ˵ˣʲôҲûôӲĳơһû͵Ļ֡
Ҷֺߣһ񣬱˳һ½Ѿͷһȴû뵽ԼһЩѾͷƷ
ҶһεĿĵᡣ
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ͺһͨѧһõľһԼõʽһһʹ˳
ҶĿ׼ᣬͻȻڵϴεллǵĳ١
仰ûʲôκʱ˵¶ŮʲôرķӦ
ʱһȫעĳУ仰һͬʱϵĶԾһ䣬ͻȻѸ˼֣ǰδĺպֱȡҶĲߡ
ÿҶ׼һ¾˲ҲᱻУ첲һܣǡֱһྣֱͻȻһ飬й˴룬ͬʱһᣬҶļͷ
һģѾһƳױ⣬ֱʱŮʶʲô
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ҶЦЦ㶮ģֻڹװ
ƺûнҶȴûм̽Ѿͷȷ֮ѾͷԼȥϰȻʼָڶѧǣͺκһʦûʲô
ֱһÿ꣬ҶҲûǸŮ˵ʲôһе㲻
ɲ֪ҶĲΪҶԼѰ˼᾿Ǹʲôأ
Ӧǹˣһ˽ѧУֵЩ˹עˣ
ɲԼЩѾˡйزšע⣺һḻչӢ־ֲȫ綼кô
ʲôȻһ֣ͨǹƷ㹦⻹֪ģ˭֪˻Ƿͨļգ
黭֮ľȲ̸ˣЩɶǹգҶĵѾ˲ע⣬һЩϼһﶼ˵˵黭Ƕˮƽ仰˵Ҷĵ黭ĻǶǹĶ
һҪ˵ĳЩעǲܵģҶǰҲⷽ飬ΨһľǾȻôѾ˹ˡ
ҾȻôһʽ
Ϊѧ
ҶıΪЩһЩˮƽĸԽʦܵԼѧУأϵȻѧݡ
ԣʦӦҲǵˣ
⼸ǱȻˣҶĺԼжϣҸҪǣʱУź㵱ǱзѾõĲˣʱܹ˷ȴڵɽ뿪ʱ򣬴ӱӾʿһ
ŷԶǱзľֻҪǷĶֻ࣬ҪͬʱϾͿԲѰ˷֡ȱǲ̫ױ
ΪҶĴʱڿСѰ˵עλþˣҶľͷƮţҲⷽȥ롣
ȴĲãҶĺܿͿǸѾͷѧУһʦһȽϲ۵ĽΪҲһŮʦôڰĵط뵽õĵطȥ
˵ʵ˶ŮӣҶҲ뵽ᴦȥĳЩѾ˺ˣοֻŮŮ
ҿƵµͷӾ͸ˡ
ҶлҪĥյȴѾ¯࣬ʱȺŵĽ̸
ұ¶ˣ
ôôСģ
᱾˵ǸУֽ̫ƻԼ¶ʵʹѾʧˡ
˵ǸŮʦֵҲˣô⣿⼸Ҳ֪˶١
ž˵һѣҲ֪ǲǵ쵼Ķëѵ˿ֳ˵ݺ͵λ
ҶĿһ;ˣôһǱļһԼͷקĶһѵˣôܾԼ˸أ
ڸڵϣ⿪Ǳеķ֮Ŀһ¡
һ²ҪֹͬʱͷѵǸŮʦ͵һתͷǳһ˭
תͷ֮ȴûκˣиӻˡ
ߣһͨѧУв̽е㲻ΪԼӦýܸ߼ѵĹֻʾ
ЩҲв̽͹۲죬͹κһѧУûκε𣬶һв磬Щʦ˵θУεĹ»֮⣬һЩͨİʽǽ̵Ҳ̲ʲôȽĵӡ
ʦһӵĵػػˮƽҪɸ¥Ǳһܵ顣
ԶԽĲˣȴûϵ쾹ȻԼ±¶ݵϢеǡ
ͷ¶βʲôӢۣ
Ҷֻ֮ǺٵЦһӺڰ˳ͬʱ⻰ƺֲ˵ɣ
ȵֳΣԷ˿Ҷ֮ǵԼҲҵԸǶˣġ
ʲϣΪǶȵĹϵԲûпǸŮʦĸֱʱԴҲ˹˵ϡ
ĿƱҵУǰ¼ƸʦҪ⻹ͨ»׵Ĺϵġû뵽ԼϸһԵ
ȥ湻Ƶģ


043 ⣡
ʫƶͷϽһգζû뵽˾ȻǱУĴˣҲԼص۲λḻҶġ
ԭҲ˵λҶУһλ֣»ȫ֪Ҷϡ
ֻΪЩνĹʹͷܴ󣬿Ҫ˶ֿ϶ȲԼһѵ⹤Աĳ̶ֳϺ»ˡͬʱҲΪ»׻ܵһƫƧĵطθУȫΪҶǷ۶
ϾҪ׬ǮԷģֻǹ»ײԼˣԼͽŮȫ˹Ʋ
һ̣Ҷ΢΢Цݽȫж϶ó˷飬ҶԶ޷ԼԱ߾Ȼиڿš
Ҫǻ˱ˣʫƴֱӷϣֱӶֻ֣ǰλ
ʼѰ˼ӦҸʲôΣĵﻹǾûʲô󰭣˽Լ˵λḻҲҶԼΣŪҪԼͿģԼϼӲ쵼һš
Ļʹιܲ⣬ֻҪܹɿһ㵹ҲνҲô£ԸԸŪȥҲˡ
ͷû£ҶĿڵʦǰɣ
ţʫ£Ȼܿͻع񣺡ǣҶУôôûϢ
ҶĿһۣϵЦݴмּζһһ֣ⲻŵ𣿡ָо
ĸоʫƾúܲˬǳĲˬ޲ֱӽԼ֤ͳҶһˤȻͷȴҶϹ
ȻҶǾ޸һǱʫΪ˼ȻǳעشͳϧؽܻѧУΪ˺ﱾЩͳգô˿϶ҲǺܴͳģԹͽٶ
ȴҶĻѧУͲΪЩ߰ԭһжΪԼԼɽɡ
ԣһʼʫƾ˴жϣڴ·ԽԽԶ
ҶУûʲô飬ôҾȻȥϢˣӲ͸¶һӰҶĲϰ壬Ҷĵʳĸһ
һ̬Ҷľ;һаڶ𣬿ʫƵĿҲ΢һ仯
ܹĺҶ˵֪ҶҲûôǶҪҾʰǻǵһ͵͵Ҳ֪ºһжҵĺá
ʫƵ̬ȡ
ҶҲʲôƢˣǸôõţڽҲǴڶû˸ǰˣ
˵£ʦͿԲϿˣ
ʲô˼ʫе㵣ĲҶôͻȻðôһ仰
Ҷİ˰ͷ˼ˣ㱻ˣڿʼͲǱУĽʦˣ
ʲʫԭأһ㵵ģΪû뵽ķ㲻
Ҷʼ򣺡ҵȻҵѧУ㲻ƸһԱһԱԣô˭ԣѵ𣿡
˵ͬʱҶĿеĳԽԣǸӺڿһ̲ȫĵܶһʫƸǱҶĵĿ⿴Ǳƣһ֮Ͳ뽫Լ֤˦ҶĵˣĴԼĻͳ֤ȻҶ
΢ĹߣҶĿǸСŹձʶͬʱ滹дһ֣дȻʲôŵġ
ϧҶĶЩ˿ûȤڿʫһشģ֮ԭӵͷͳ׵ɢ
ȻСôõĹֺαܵƧĵطأ
仰ʱʫƻΪҶҪûϵҶľͼ˵СĹôãشҲǲģУסҲƲϡôͲѧУסˡ
Ŀŵڸˣһʱ䶼Ҫʫƹ
ʫһŻ㲻ӲǱͨ죬׶еŤΪԼ֤һҶĿ϶ᱻһ㲻һһԼǰ㱰ϥôҲҪͿٲûҪԼϵʲôġ
ȴԼû֤֮ǰҶȻҲûľ˵ϽôԼ֤Ҳͱ㾳ˣһ϶Լ
㡭㲻֪ʲô𣿡
Ҷʼ򣺡Ҳ֪ҲûȤ֪ȥֻ֪֪һĶֵ͵ҵģȻҪȥ֮Ҿ͹ܲˡ쵼顣
ʫƻͷһμôβݻһȥ˾ѧУţֻʼûн⻰ųȥ
ҲˣҲʲôҲĲҶ㼶ĸҪҲԼСܶ˵ģֻܷ޷޵ĽԼ֤ȻתҪȥʰ
վһԵ۾ӷԸһһȥʰ
ȴûϵҶƺǹһ̾ͲڵһλѧУѧѧУѧûбҪһλְʦ˽
Ǹ˵˾䣺Ͻ˯Ͽβ׼ٵˡ
ҶģʫƣԹԵԼȥɻϼû˵ԼѾˣôҪѧУһѧ
ʫ뿪϶ʾ棬ʱԼǼ£ΪԲ󣬳ҪӰв̽ɹĽֱӻȥҲ˽ˡ
뿪ˣʫᣬȻͷƺԼȥҶģݺݵضһ½ţֻһǸϸЬ̾ϵЬ˵ټ
ѽ
͵һŤʫƱҲģһ¾ҪĽŤˣŤһ֮ҲòùͬʱһЬ·ҲҪ鷳࡭
ϰߣʫ̾ͽĿתڳʣΨһһҶģֻϧҶվԭһֻǱżۿһӾҪ˷Լȥǲܵ顣
ûзȵˡһ֮ʫһȳһյԶˣֻһƺԵеįıӰ
Ҷȴ˿ʲôԣŮ˴һʼʢһ˭Ҳģ鷳Ҫ˺ҶԼûô
ʿȣʿҲҪŮʱŻչ֡˭Ա˳ŵĶøʿȣ
˵ʵøеˣʫƶԴҶĵ̬ȵȷôãҶ˶˭Լ˭ƲԼƵֻҪܸоĳ
ֲûеѾҶҲҪ̫ЩеˣƼ˴ϼʲȽƶѧҸɽһ㣬ʮһҲ͸㶨ȻҪЩһ򽻵
ȵ˶ûӰӣҶ𷨾ֱӻصԼסҲ׼˯ˣֱڿõϼѾ˺þãʼûɣȻҲҶʱ˼йء
Ҷ룬ΪԼĿǰʵ̫ˣû̫оΣʵ׷ûôˡ
˫̯ϥϣһŰɫ̣һȳϼٸԼеǺӾҶܸоͺƺްϵڹҲ֪Ҫʲô̶Ȳû챦Ϊһ׹
չһҹȥˣºѩûڸ
Ȳ˵µĸҪɺ鷳ѩüǶҲƺбãԴ֮üǶ͸¶ǿƱҶҲ΢΢Щľ벻ʲô
һʱڲףҶ˳ֽԼеĶһ
ռָһǴźĴҳģһǴǸڰʦõġ
ɫʯĽָĽҶֳ忪һ㣬Ѿûʲô˵ģϾԼҪʱڽָĽȫƽǲܵˡ
һǰȻͬڽƽ֮Ҷܹʹָˡ
ܹͨԼоָзǳĿռ䣬ܹŵĶ֪Ҫõռָ϶١
ҶıȽϳԾռﾹȻһȻֻһޱȵĿյأҶĽָһ󣬱ֻԵͷһǰǸָдŵлƽȫ˺ڱʯָС
ƽŲȥ֮Ŀռ侹Ȼʣһ룬ҶȫҪָˣֻڱʯľ͹á
ҶĽǸָҲȡ˳һս˺ڱʯָУղõĲǹһѷӵʥԼһЩźҪķ
ת֮ҶĿѾ˵ĽָѰ˼һһʵ飬ؼʵ龹Ȼɹˡ
ֻʣһڱʯָ֣ҶĵܹоǰǸָڱʯָĿռ棬ڿԿ϶ڱʯָǱǸռָ߼˲֪ٵĺöڲָ߼ʲô̶ȡ
ƿ֮õһϢָ֪Ѿƿⲿֿռ֮⣬ʮߵƣÿƿһƺͿԸһڱʯָ
֮⣬Ҳָ֪ɪ֮䣬ҶǰϷеõľ飬ǽXXX֮ĶǺöĸǺöеĺö
ˬľʲôɪݵļһû˵
ҲĸԼŮ֮Ķ
ԼҶûָ̫ˣϾֻƿһƣʱ֮ǰƿЩµŪȥģµԼһר⿪ԼƣָԴĽƿĸ̶ȣҶĲá
Ȼⲻ˵µ˵ʵҪҶǿֻΪµеϵǡָͬһϵµĲܹøȷķƿЩơ
Ҷģǿ壬иôƿ˵Ľƾͳ׵ıٵˣҶܹʣµȫƴݻٵĻôָͻ᳹׵ĳΪҶĵ˽˲ƲĴ߹Ҳ޷ߡ
ָĿǰҶǰľֻǸ20׳ĳ룬ӱѪķӦη仹ͦͷۡ
ȻѾһкǧȻâҪһкǧҪǱâǿϲ֪٣ǻѾٸĻԵЩƫġ
ԼʦáʦֲôҪΪѩһһĴԼֶһµҪ¶üĵ
ȥҶľԼʦúˣҪ͸ǲǾͶָԻҡ
аһҶԼʹһ±â룬ֻΪûԼ¼Բǲô
롭
Ҷץץգ뵽˶Ǹ˵Ůļһ
ţֻͻȻ˵ǲ𶫷ˣͣһ£Ե٩˵үûȻһƺšô꣬ȻҲЦ
Ĵ⣡


044 ӵ
ʫƵȥû̫˵⣬Ȼող˲õģһǱУΪȱٵĿʦͻȻְԵе֣ϾɽѧУĴ͹ǹڶģҲҵһõĵطˡ
Ļ
ĪУ
ƵҥҲеģֻҶĲᣬԽǷԽд£粻ȥĺá
Եѩһʦô£ԼʦõûЩԣҶĺǿģֻûԼʦúã˵Լ
ɲ֪ѩϸϸѰ˼˰죬뵽ԼʦѧУʱ䶼Լ߻һ𣬸ûʱȥ飬ԲŻ֪ЩһЩ޸ݵҥԡ
ͬʱǸʫƵʦѧУԵеƧƽʱ˽յתתȥڴ̽ʲôʫΪ֪ȴ֪˲״
ǰûʰΪ׼ҪʲôҶץ˸Ȼôȥˡ
Ѱ˼ţʫӦǹҵЩרŸ㹫ȫŵˣ̽ǵĵϸģ
ĸҶҲںǹһˣ˵Щνġعûʲôֵġ
Ѿ뷨Ȼע⵽Լˣô仹ڵģֱһ;ɽѧУͷһ
ô
ҶȣָϼһϺõѩѣһһ˵ȻɽɵͷѾ˵֪ˣôɽѧУҲȥˡвҵҲֻһңҲ
ԴӷʫɽѧУ²ˣֱӽ
ѧУɽɵĲҵΪԼѡһЩӡ
ǰѩǰʱ򣬴ŵľִΡ˿϶Ѿע⵽ԼĿǰס׵СܵôҪͷԳģȻǹϵɴе顣
ѧУѡӣʵˣοԼòһδεϵͲܣǰɽһнҲԼò
˵ԵģǱӾʿƺⲿߵĺܽǰû룬Ǳ׼ʲôʱͻ¡
϶üƺҲ߶ҲԼʱڵϷԼݣ󷽷¡
ҶĵƶļƻǼƻʼոϲϱ仯Ϊô飬ͷ˷츲صı䶯ҲҪͣĵԼǰķ
Ҷѩ˵ŻͻȻоһȻԼͷϵƬݺȥҵƺڹԼĴڡ
ɵ
Ҷֻһ㶾ľ˭ɲɽıӾʿܵԼѧУųԼĵ˼ѾԼеݣֻǹǵҶĵӲŹַʽҶĳȥ
ֱӴ̴̵ҶĻصĺúõģֶθԱӾʿķʽ̽һ£ҶĲںԼеݱ֪ôȻǽ⣬ɲ棬ôӾʿҲҶĵ˼ˣԻȥ
ҶȻҲеƣѩЦ˵˾䣺ǳȥӭһ°ɣҪ絽̨ȻֱӷϰգȴͻȻʲôѩȳȥӭһⱱӾʿʦȥѻҲȻһȥ
ԸƺеĪѩҶıļƻܿ׹Լʦɽɵʵ
ǰԼʦȻڶʿǰչʾһֶΣڵʵǿֻҪûǿ£ôֻڴɶڡ
ѩҶȻʵǿᣬʿǸҶɽɵʵΣÿμ涼ֻҶĺѩˣСνϻ¾ǸǱӾʿȻͨӾʿ֪ɽˣ
ҶĴԼұ̨һ۷𽣹ֱʣҲӾʿӰ쵽ͨˣͣ˺ܸߵĵطһƲ֮С
ҶܹͨҵλãϱӾʿҲûԼҪķһֽš
Ӿʿ
Ҷſˣ
Ʋм棬˶ǻһ󱱺ӾʿЦΪҶڸ߶ԭѾѧУ
⿪ѧУʲôϡ飬ʵҲпһֻһңŸϡŹֵžΪѰһЩɫĵӡ
ҶЦЦ߶ʮֻ꣬ݡ
ⷬһǱԼΪζԵôϤԼȻѡǰһʱķʽԼҿѧУȻܹҵԼôԼǰȻ᲻ãͬʱҲбʾһҲ㲻ʲôֵ飬ôɲҲ
ò˵Ҷĵʮţ˵һȷʵѾ൱ľ硣򵥵һ仰ͱ˵ôຬ壬ıӾʿܹȫҲⲻǸ򵥵
ֻλɢޣɿ䳤΢Цŵ˵ͷҶⷬ˵ĵû
˴к˵˼䣬ֻâһΪɫ⣬ȻѩԼĽһɫâ͸¶ۻĸ֮ǱӾʿΪ죬Ծ͵ͷȥƣſ߳ѾҶ֮⣬һŮӣ׹һҶ
ǼԦ׹Ȼǻ£ԭ¾Ѿ˷ֻΪΪٶޣҲѩҶĵĽֻжһֱߵĻǿƲʲô״
ȵ·ɵĽ֮󣬱ӾʿͻȻԼɳƺӦ΢΢еñӾʿΪɣϸһоͷԼ״ȻΪŮİ׹⡣
ʲôͨȻҵɳӦ
ɳռ˽УԲŻ뻪µĸӦ⻹˱Ӿʿŷ꣬Ϊֻ߲״
ȻҲлµĸûһԭ򣬷ѰʿнԷһ¿»ûƾѾ˺ü֡
Ϊֱʣ·ɵǰʱ򱱺ӾʿͲŮӼ֣ҶȴƳⱱӾʿ˵ڴ£˵ڹ۲ǵɫ⡣
Ƭ̣Ӿʿ޵ҶɽɹȻԻ
ȻƲ׹⾿Ǹô£ҲƳͨףѩҶչֹԼǿʵжɽɵ۾ָ˼֡
ǰҲɴ̽ɽɵĵϸеͷͶת˼ֻ֣λȥҪźúһˡ
ϴ˵λӾʿΪɿ䳤ϡ
Ҷ˸ܣͬʱ˵ķʽñӾʿһ¾ŮҲҶŵġԼˡ
Ӿʿ
´źִ·һܹŵ񣬿Ϊ죬ڱӾʿʹͬˣΪһǷǳ׼ĹѧʶԨܹϵóܹڲһô׼
ˣ
˭Ҳ֪Ϊµһ񣬱ӾʿɽɵԽĺˣͬʱҲԽɽɡ
˵ʼҶģ֪ɽɴڵʱû̫µĻʱȴΪһòɽɷŵͬȵĵλϡ
Ϊ̫ϣѰ˸ãӾʿҲ֮ͨǹ㲩Ĳ֪ġ
ŮӶڣǳԴõʿΪɽɱǴվõֺɣ벻ʱ̡
ҪôĻɲˡ
˵䵽˵ϣҶĽӾʿԼļУΪ˱ʾӭ䵽˴棬ȻŽУҲֳԱӾʿء
ûã⻰ƵҶѧУ档
ҶѧУư磬׼õľӪȥˡ
ҶĽеĲ豭£ЦӦ˾䣺һֱкӣþӪȥҲ޷һĻҲվͻ˴Ҳû׼
⻰˵˵û˵ӾʿֵֻˣҶŻŷһֲǺˡ
ˣ֮õģЩѾ׼иŷǱߵһЩȥˡ
ӾʿͻȻһ㶣һλǰŷҲˣһ룬ͻȻֹŹ֣Īǡŷ޽͢ˣ
Ļɽɵʵֵζû뵽һ겻ֹɾȻŷ޽͢ϵû֣Ϊǽ͢ҲǴǧһǸ֤ɽǴõֺˡ
ζû뵽Ҷ͢ùϵΪһʥʿԼһӢ֮͢иƨĽ飬½̻վǰҲܹϵĳ
ӾʿҲùÿҶĶᱻһЩϡŹֵԼ˼Ƶ·ȥԽԽᣬɽɺҶĵӡѾʵƫ˺Զ֪ǷѪɡ
һһȴҶͻȻڷʣˣһʿʱ򣬺һЩ׽һͬĪǵ񡭡
Ҷû˵̫ϸ֪Ϳˡ
ȻӾʿֱӵ˵ͷǰҲãżҲ¶һЩ˿еȨ֮˱ҪЩʲôЩۼĨȥǰҲãȴڣЩ˵Ƕķ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲá֪ͨĴڳ֮Ҳû˼ȥˣҪ뷽跨ȥȥʵôЩ˻ͳθƨ˭ˡ
нҪܵڸȥ˿ҲҪ뷽跨ûԸԲȥһĴʻ㣬ܹһжĺǿѧ
ҶͻȻ֪ҶĳŪĺô󶯾Բȥģ
ǴڷصŪô󶯾ǳϹǼ֮ⶼƼˣҲ֪ӦԲѣοǸص಻ɾĶãô󶯾ֳֵ֮ö¶ˡ
ӾʿҶķɫһŹ֣ƺЦȴֲЦ˼ŵҵҹȥ̻
Ҷ˰죬űһ䣺õĽڡ
Ӿʿʼÿɷ񣬲ϵıȴҶһλƺҲЩһﾹȻôŪ±˲ˬ
ʿЩ˺죿
Ӿʿ룬ҶͻȻⷽǺιʣʵʵĵ˵ͷٲҪЩ˴ЩΪܶ鶼ҪͨУͬʱһЩ˼;ͻͨյҲҪǳȥԸǱѪ棡
ҶξˣǵȨ߶ɵȴֲòЩˣһ׵ȨûʲôȤõȨ߿Լȥ
Ҷ°ͣѧУƺһЩ˵ע⣬Ѱ˼ȥ˵ʿȻϵЩˣͺðˡ
ˣȻָ˴ڵЩˡʫƾԲ˵ĴڣǵèʵȻš
ӾʿԭǰѰ˼飬ѹһֱЩ飬Ҳ㲻ʲô⣬㿪Ӧº˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷȻ鷳˵󣬵ܹǺ˸˵ģֵľΪ飬׼űӾʿιһѧУ
ʱһϤһһʦʦһ


045 ɣ
ŵķҶҪȥſڿ֪ŵĸһˣסԼѷļӻ˭
ѾȥţҶ͵͵ڴӾʿı飬ע⵽׺Ǿʦ֮󣬱ӾʿĿƺԽǱһ£ȻڵһʱͿסԼתͷǱҶķˡ
ⱱӾʿ̽ɽɵʵģ˵ҽл³»ˣ
ҶıҲҪ΢չʾһɽɵʵ˵ҲǸȡ裬׵ĳе⣬ͽܴҲ֪᲻ŵϼһ
ΪҶĲȷЩǲ֡ԼҼվ⴫֮ĹҪⱱӾʿҶһǴ׵Ϊô
Ҳɳ̽̽неǱӾʿӦ޴нĴ󻷾Ҳ࣬ĻԼͲô׻߿˹Ŀŵĳڶʿǰˣ
ǱӷӦܲô֤нЩ鲢ء
Ҷ߰Ѱ˼ʱѾ˽ڻ׵Եùģ֪ԼʦŮˣ۶ϼۣÿζǵü˳۵ĺ
ȵתҶǰ֮󣬱ӾʿڿɽɡӡǸʲôģڵһʱ䱱Ӿʿ¶һȵӣͬʱ´һ֮󣬱ӾʿתͷҶĵҶǸյģ
Ҷļ״пһ£ֻݲˣȴϱӾʿЦƣҶǰǸԼ˺ôһս
һ˽ǲ⣬ڱӾʿҲûӣ˵Ϊ˲ͨһϰ׺һЩͳ֪ʶһЩ˾֪Ҳ⣬Խ̵ѣʮȥܿš
Ӿʿϸϸһ˵ҶףˣֻǳЩ˵ĸԷǳ֮ǲŻᶯͽ֮ҪеĻʼ̵Ѱʿܵ鷳飿
ϻıĲ˶࣬ҲûҪȥͽܣȻҲУ֮١
УЩӣҶҲͦ棬ȴ֪ЩϹĸȽϿ
ţ֡䵱мӣǸʮǰյģ䵱ЩȴѾϰˡӾʿ°ͣʵ벻ɵлУ֮ɵӦû˭ˡˣüɾ˵ҲһλλӦΪߵʿ˵Ѿڶü꣬һַɽҲΪǿᣬϧʼδü
ҶĵЩ˵ΪߵΣЩŴɼȻҲӣôһһŷȥμǸʲôۻᣬҲͲԵùŹˣעˡ
ʮԾȥ﷭ơƵ׺˹ȻӾʿ΢£ǰµĵӣסԼѷ㺰׾ǣ
ȻָűӾʿλɽɵĿ䳤ϱӾʿԺǵҪǰ
ȻҲ빧ʩֻеʮֹŹ֣Ӿʿ˾֪˾ǸִˣһһŷǳŨִϢЦŵȻŤͲôˣϰͺã
⻰һ׻ʲôģֱȥһӵȻơƵ˹ȥƣҪơ𣿡
ӾʿҲֱӽӹ򿪺һڣãһſģ
Ҷķ˸ۣоԼ˹ŰϼһⱱӾʿִˡƫƫӾʿһۣͷڣڵĹװ࣬ʱҪٸһһȥƶʲôġ
ŵҶһëһɫţп㣬ϻһ˫˶ЬôҲǸϹ
ȻӾʿ֮ȻֻǺ˵ĻǱҶƳһߣ鱱ӾʿڻͶһֱڲͣ̽׵ʵϱʵǿ࣬׼Լ¾ͱ̽˸š
ǿ׳ǿᡣƺһֺоеȴһЩͬǿƺӦôǿ塭ɽɹȻһɣ
ԴϴμΪҶѾʧޣҶȴǸƶɽɶȻ˶ΪѾ˴еһñӾʿԾǣײżѡ
ȵ˿ӾʿͻȻҶţɷһ˵
һ˵һдʣĺҸûļĵطģҲ߽Χ˶˱ܿ
⻰һѩͻ¾ԶԾҸȥˣֻʣҶĺͱӾʿ
ֱʱ򣬱ӾʿſʵǰӦһɣ
ҶҲûش𣬷һӣǲԶıŴ˿޴ȡһƿϣȻǱֱϡ
ֻһ֣κ˶ΪҶǸ֮ˣΪּպʹһֱΪ书ƺྶּͥƺ
ڱӾʿУһ¾ͿҶһĲ𡪡ҶһŶģ˷ǲڸһЩʶǹæɡ
ȻҲкܶ˿ԵΧԪһУȴҶһвͬ
ҪǣҶʹ޵ʱ򣬶ԪرеıӾʿܹжϳҶʩųķЩʿߵ
ǰȻޣ
ǰֻǻɣȻ𾪵ٶѰ˼ҲҲ´ˣϾ޶˴飬нҲ˺ôһ
Ҷĵûþȣ޵ͷʵҲûҪȥֱ桪οԼеһЩɽнѰ֮Ҳкô
ϡôǰǺܳ𣿡
Ӿʿ˻ȥϾҲ˼ˣٳԾҲ̫ãƬ̵ĹѾָ˹
ʱҶʵˣнѾ˴˽⣬ȴ֪нлЩˣ
ӾʿֻҶĳɽһֱ׵߶Բ˽⵱нҲʲô£οʱúܶ鷢츲صı仯ϸĽһµнĸֺ
һͨܣҶ֪˵нվڽ˵ĶЩˣҪнеĿꡣ
ԭнûʲô𵤰ԪӤ֮߰ĶģҶڲ̽ʱã𵤡ԪӤ֮ĳЩɵй˶ôÿҶĲڵʱõС˵Σһ¾ͽбӾʿƳ
ʱ˵ģǰ£һЩС˵кܶдС˵ֻǶһѷ𵤡ԪӤ֮ĶúȤ
ֻ˵ӾʿҲЦŽӵĹ綼ôˣҲûķˣĵδһ£
Ҷľˣǽ𵤡ԪӤҲûУڵɵʽļɻ·ġ
ɣ˼ҾǳеȻһԶΪͬĹڲͬϾͲһʲôЧɵŷصһ׷Ҳչܹʲô̶ȫˡ
üɡڽһÿӶѡһɽȻһΪ붼ɽϣȻ˽һ֮֮Ͳôϸˡ
ٲݰĹҩɵĹɫȴѵ֪飬ӾʿҲΪȹһλٲݰԲŴ֪
Բ˵䵱ߵҲ޽֮Ĺ˵䵱ӽ޵һɣƫ档
ɽ˵ǿžͿʼ¾ͿԷշеɫֻǲɫôԵ
ܵ˵ŸɶиԵĹҵʲô֮ͬΨһܹô˫ʵģ¾ν١
ҶĲûдӱӿ̫ٵϢֻǴֻƬƶϳνĴ١
٣ͿԽ˵ʵ׸и֡
űӾʿĻҶĴ˴ӿʼӴйʱ˾ʿֻЩʿʵޣҾΪҲķˡֻжȹ˵һѣô˸ֵС
һһôͶԳΪɣȻȡ½֮⣬Ӿʿ˳Ʋ˾䣺ǰȻǿǵɵżǲ֪Ѿȥ˶ꣿ
ҶЦ
˵֪Ӧ˵Ѳ˵ԼͲ֪ʲôѣԼ㲻ǵɶ
ӾʿֻҶĲԸ𣬱ڽŵǶʮǰŹһأָһƤң˼Ԫ⣬ң
ԭʿֻҪнУֻҪǱоͿԪҲܻꡣ
ǿż˵ɣôֿԶꡣ겻ǹ̶ģܲŹԪľһֱǱвһֱнܾͻһֱȥ
Ȼܹǵڶνѡ
ǱշȥǴ˵е֮ء
Ӿʿ˵ҲΪ䣺Ѿָܹɾλҵȴ֪нһǰܷһ㣡
ԴӵԽԽϡ֮н˲еʧ䣬ΪʼܹͻȻû˷ܶĶһЩһ˶ϣܹΪѾһ˵ˣغнĴ
Ƕ޷ôСǺܻܿʧȥĶôнܻܿһƬȷѪܹ꣨Լû˱ͷᷢʲô㲻Ҳ뵽ܹ˳ô˶ĵȻ鷢
ҶҲøйؼЩ»ֲġ
˵һ󣬱ӾʿͻȻֶԼ˵Ҷɽɵأ˵˵žȻԼ˵һõ飨ΪЩûʲôĶԲŻô޹˼ɵĽ¾Ȼ
ңȻ˵ôϻ
Ҷĵһ䣺û£Ұĺܣ˵һãϧǱӾʿͲЩ飬ֻǽɽ棺ȴ֪ǰûмĵӣ
ҶҡҡͷĵôңѧУҲſҪһʱúù۲۲죡
Ӿʿһ£漴Ҷⲻڹ۲Щ˵츳Ϊ˵츳иһ۾ƳûⶫֻҪദһҲƳ룬Ҫʱ䡣
Ψһܹ͵ľλǰڿЩѧƷ뵽ƷȷҪúÿ쿼졣
ǰȻ
ҶûлشʱԴǱӾʿʲ˵ЩǾȹһѲſɳɾ͵λҵԼԼʵӦڵһεۡ
ʲôʱɽˣҶͷĪҸûɣⱱӾʿۣ漴;òܣֲûڹȻӾʿܹ˵Լﵽ˵ɾ磬ôȻǵˡ
ҶľΨһĿܣԼյʱһˡ
ĪǴֵΪָеһνѵĹϵĪڲ֪ʱͶɽٳɹˣ
ȥƺΨһĽˣ֮ԼʺʵȷкֻܴΪԭûкܿĲԭǸ磬ʵ΢һ˹ܲˡ
ǡʦúͻ㲻ɽٳɹģ


046 ɵ
յʱ򣬰ѩͻȻҲﵽյľ磬ʵʵҪһЩġ
Ҷĵȫ෴ȫﵽǸ׼ܹ࣬һ·оյĴŮճɹȻԼǳɹ˻ʧܣ
ӱӾʿе֪нҶҲ֪ѩͻ¾㲻һɣ
ÿνѵͬʱҲԶɽ֮˽һЩĻôԼһͨн˴ʦԼµǵˡձӾʿĻǿ֮ϡ
ҶͻȻ⼸Լһֱǣƺޱ仯ԼѩͻҲ˿ûбϵļŮƺһ㡣
ĪǼʵѾɽٳɹԪѾࣿ
ҲжϣҶʵ˵׼ǲˣΪѩͻ¾޵Ĺֲʴפ湦ԼҲЧҲ޷ж⾿ǵѵĹϵԼ˹Ч
ĶҲûãֻҪһֱŬܹó
ǰǲ֪ô£ҶĻûǹ⡣ÿԳȻͷʵĸԸ뿪ģ
˼һ뱱Ӿʿ˹ͬ⣬ĵҲ͸ӿġ˵ˣЩ֮ĸΪģʿĻȻ벻ϵ顣
ֻӾʿŵ¼ʿڶ࣬ɷʿʹáǵ⼸䣬ݽߣɽҲʣ޶࣬νͲӰ
˵ŻӷץһɳҲЩɳһ֮һֻȥһѰн˭ֻʶұӾʿĸ
ҶĲ⻰ʵǲýӣֻͷˮȵӾʿŵʿܵô챦ǾʿĸԵ
ԵӾʿҡҡͷΪɳЩ׷ɱ
ŶҶû뵽ȻаԿ²£һԸļơ
ӾʿҲûֱӵʱѰ˴˱뽫𣬲ɵһͻȻܳ˵˱춨ãھҪ
ҶûϵȻôһⱱӾʿӦԵģԼŶ˵
ʱҲŴɣʵҲ¿ɱȣЩǵ˵Ҳư鱦еߵ֮ƾʲôһ仰˵ⶫעģһʱǵӶ֡
˵˴û˵ˣҶȴһ¾˹Σ
ܺƲ⣬սû䣬ȫüɳܱסһɵϯλɼʱӾʿɵɸ渺ġ
ԶһЩӾʿǿ䳤ϣ˵µĹϵӾʿһɢޣҪһɣû˳Ļôĵ
ӾʿͻȻҶ˵Щɾķ˼ˣⱱӾʿʲô˼
²ţǱӾʿȻֱӽ˵˳ǰҪٲҪ뵱ЩЩţƺҪԵġ
ҶıϲɫȴһɶҲģԼɽɻûðͷأǾѾʼ׼ˣ
뵽˴ͻȻ˶üɵӣ¹ŶȻüɵӻȥ˵ЩʲôȻüɰƲɲŻ
Щ鶼ԤϵУҲûеȣ任Ҳڵ֪ȷϢһ㲻ˬҲ֮飬ƾ˭֪ҪԼеˡ
ӾʿڶƵҶȻ΢仯ȴ޾ȵķӦϵ˻аһҶǰϵɻⷬʶǲѹֱɶˣɽȴܹ񣡡
ɵ鲻ҶϣⱱӾʿͰ͵ܹԼΪʲô
Լɿûʲô飬뱱ӾʿĽҲô֮ԵˣǻȲԼһεĵɡ
ڱӾʿԹԭҶĲûǹȽҪֵ˵ҶģȻ˵ԼʵЩǰԹҲҶĻţ
ҶɱӾʿǰǶλǹԼָо˵Ǹ飬ҪҶűӾʿʲôҲͼԼͨ籨Щ֮Ųţ
ôɣ
ȥҶֻܾٲǸֽһɵɣֽŵֶΣ
ƳҶĵǣǱӾʿҲ뵽Լô˵Ļܻ˵Ļɣɴľװ׵ĵн粢һ顭üǼΪһǰѾã֮⻪ɽ䵱ȴоȴʱϣȴΪɶǴȫͳ
ֵԳһǵзǵҵ಻ͬȻҲ߶ȴûʲô
ԭ޵ķ𷨲Ҫȥɾҽн˵˵ǽϰΪԲֱ֮Ͷɽ磬ҵ޽вͬ
򵥵˵нͷɾλǷȴеһΪôҲˣǽŬܿΪǵһ㹻̵棬еĹͻֱͶνɽ֮ȥ
пɽһӵȻŽߡҲͶһЩϡŹֵĶʹõĵоŵŰ֮ģ
ȻҲųĳЩ𷨴һֱӷȥҷȲ죬˼ǧҲδһֻǴеġ
Ϊнһ룬ʱֶһϵзʱҲȺܳϡࡣ걱ӾʿɵһСºֵĺôüɡֱӿսֳףҲͻΪǴδԪ
ʵǵ飬Ҳһͷн֮ҲϵģļҶϣԼܹɾ϶㻰ȨʵϣΪɾɽϣǰˣҲɸ޷Ϊνĵһɣ
⼸仰Ҷ˿Ʒޱȵʵϲùǡüһţɽ䵱ʵʱҲԽϣССҲǻģֻɹԮ㷢ʲô飬Ҹæ˵˶Ҳ
ܷܲ¶ֵָȺгɣ˵ʵڵģֻûҪ˻ˮϾҲɾǹǵͬΪʿִԽԼ⣬ԹǶһ
Сĵġ
Ҷ룬ӦòôĲŶԣ뿪ڷʣȻӾʿһЦ
ʲôģȺͺ¿ҲΪԼˣҶֵݹơӾʿһھͺȵһ룺ǻĵĺ޵ķѧȻѾԳϵܵ˵ɴ档ȺɵʿһϢȺһȻɱȺǵֵǲֵվסʱ治ˣ
ҶˣȺҲƣΪ˱εҪһǿĻнڷꡣһǾ͸ʿڶԪˡ
ͬʱ˵ҶҲеĹؼӾʿǰ϶ɵ棬ԼĿ޷ǾԼðˣ΢һԵ
ԼɽܹѹȻãɿҲ˳ԼύһȻҲǽһˣһӦеԴ
ԼɽɶɣҲܺķɵһЩʵһٵѹҲ΢һ㡪Ŭһ°߳ȥҲǲܣȻǰԼɽɹݣܹɴԪˡ
֮۴ķԼɽɶǴкôԲܴһᡣӾʿҲ뵽Լ뱱Ӿʿй֮Ե˵ҲһЩ
ٺ٣ɴĺƣ
ɽҲһᣬҶıӦɵʱΪǶüɣɴĳЩЭ飬ҲҪĳֻ֣ҪܹסǶüɣôԼѹͻЦ࣬ʱֻһɣԸҲһЩ
۴ķԼӦҲûʲôڣԼܹãԺɽҲܹߵĽһЩԼҪȡɾʸһҲǴкô
ϾɾɽϣΪ㻰Ȩػеģ
뵽˴ҶѾ˶ƣֱӾͺͱӾʿһлҶĳЩ˾ʿ֮顭
⻰͵򱱺ӾʿһϢǾɽӦˡ
ֻΪ˫νͬ˺أ˼Ҳ뽫˵̫ףҶҲֱֱװ׵Ӧ£˫˵䶼ء
ɵ˼ĵȻ˵˲Ҳʲôϵ
Ҷ黹صãĪſȵؼʱƲá
ɵļɵҶҲܲµĵŵȵ˼Ǵξۻֻ֮ҪԼܹԭƻչֳӦеʵôɾͲɵˣ鴦ĺãҲɻϸԼͬˡ
뱱ӾʿһҶͽͳ˴ţ֮ǰӾʿͻȻ˵һ䣺ˣ֮ǰ˵Ҳиͽ͵˱һӵŷ޵ؽ磬Ϊ·;ңԶ϶ǱǺϤһֱδ֣
ǰЩյͨ׼ĹϵõһͽϢ¹ЩӱҪŷһˣ֪ǰʱ򡭡
Ҷ룬ЩӵҲҪȥŷһˣϾڻֵϰ壬ʱʱĶҪȥǱ¶˷ǰȥҲ˳·
ҪǱӾʿһԼҲڴһѶţ˳ĺˣö뽻㿴еС鷳ҪֽܹһµĻ
Ҳ󣬹ؼ̬ҶҲ£˳Ϊ֮Ҳ޲ɣȻѾ˺ͷôе黹Ҫġ
ҪԼҪõԼҪģôԼͱҪȸ׻˵ãеá
ԼҪʲôɵ˲ɵӣ𿴱ӾʿһûܸɽʲôôʵΪҶ֪οӾʿĻҲһ㶼û͸¶
ϵԴ
ԴʲôȻ޵ɾɼȻҪԼϵѹϵȻΪɾԴⶫҶҪ
űӾʿŵȥҶתص˱УԼһؼӣȻ͵Ĺһڡ
Щνɽϵ飡˯ͷ
֮ʱǺһڣ漴侲
ҪϿɣƺҲô׵飡ɽɵʵǿһЩͺˣֻԼʦԼ£ʵԵ


047 ץҶǰ
뿪ˣҶ֪ϾѾԼҪһͬȥŷһˣҶѯʹǼ飬ҲҪٶģ⼸ﱱӾʿͻ㶨һС
ȻһڣǸʲôʫƾɫŹֵ뿪˳ɶ֮ǰھѧУԶһС϶ȴĽһָʾأǺܿһ绰˹ֱӸϻɣ
ʫƱܲףҪ˵˵һһֱԼȽϿ쵼Ȼǲˬĺǳһ٣Ȼһ䣺鲻ǹˣϻ
ȵصУŴһЩϵõ֪ͬ쵼ҲһӻΪиţƵֱӽ˹ȥҽǰռĹҶĵһ϶ˡ
ЩʲôˣʫƱΪԼѾţصģƾȻбǻţƻص֯
֪룺Ⱥ˶ܰ˶۵ģǸͷĵǺܺڽ»ᵱͨһϴү
ʫư֣ҲܾˣҲܶ鵹ҲǲҪĻܻܿ
ǻһﰡѾͷʱȻԼʫƺ޺޵һȥѾҲᱻ
˵ҲͲ£ԹԸԼһ٣ܵطǲȥˣȴû뵽ΪһЩ飬ĵҲЩһߣʫûȥ棬ڵĴĺΡ
˵ְعԼѾûĵȥҲû˳ݡ˵ǸͨѧɣҪѧ֮ĹͬʱڰͰ͵ĵָʾأ
Լݱ¶ҶǰԵеʴӣҶԼǲбʲô뷨
ЩЩ񱣬˵ʲô۾֮ġҵСһЩ
ʱҶıֵĺ΢һģǲ֪Ҷ֪ԼĳһһĻθ룿ƵڶͻὫ˼Ů߳ѧУš
ͬʱҶĽӵһͨ绰浹Ҳû˵ʲôֻ˵˾䣺ʲô鷳Դ绰ϵΪǱӾʿµ͸¶һԼǰݣԵ绰Ż
ҶҲû£ֻҪǱЭòɧԼҲûҪȥЩ˰æ
´˸࣬ҶĿʼѰ˼ЩʱȻŬΪ鷱࣬ԽԶ統Ŀ죬õϼȻѾýĿ죬ǾɻһЩʱա
µĸѾţҪԼʦõӡǽֿһЩãԼʦԣεʱٶȻȶҪһأҪǿֱӴؼȡԪġǿʽ
ҶѩһŽˣǧй⽣
ǧй⽣ʹõʱƺ򽣾ΪƣٻķʵɽˣҶԴ򽣾ƶʹģʹЧҲϷ򽣾вͬ
ǧй⽣û̫⣬ϾѾ򽣾Ūǧй⽣ظѩ޳ӡǣܹúãôȫԽ֮۳ɽҲǧй⽣趨
ͬʱΪҶİ򽣾ǧй⽣Ҷĸɴͽ߷趨Ϊ򽣾ԪʹõΪǧй⽣
˵߷򽣾Ҫǧй⽣һЩΪʱһӵеѱȵ֮
еʱȴΪͬҶʵǿᣬã죬õ򽣾Ȼص⡣
ǧй⽣ȻԪ۷ɽףȴԼݵķ㡣ƫƫѩ޳ӡǣɶ䣬ӡศǱÿƵǧй⽣ѩʲô¡
ѩǹʹ򽣾δʹһоˣҪܹǧй⽣ܹƽ׶һɱС
Ҷĵ򽣾ΪŽֱһЩʱʹٶȻȶͬն
ǰҶֻɰܵУǼ򽣾Ļ
ҶͻȻһֳ嶯ǾܵɾһҲԼ﾿Ǹʲôˮƽ
ȻӾʿ˵ǵɣⷶΧ̫ʵһĻǺ
š䵱ƺҲԸҲԺл˹У
˼һ󣬵ӾʿٴγǰʱҶЩûϳһﾹȻλɵĿ䳤ϡ
ʱıӾʿһװûϵھȻţİһȻԺ
⸱ģôôֺһͿżǣͲһ֡
ʿǡ
ЦŽ͵οҪ߶Ծôˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷⱱҲǾ߶ˣȻޱ˽⣬ӻе㾪ȡ
ĿһֱӾȻһģͬСֻ𱱺̬λƺԵен
λҵʦֶһеٮٮߣѣĿǰйһλѵͬ£֣ӢһЭǵģ
Ӿʿ׵ЩнҶãһξȻ˲ȴеˡ
ýУӾʿ漴ͽڱŷʲôطǻҪȥŷ޽֪ܵ͢
滹н͢飿
⵹Ҷû뵽ģΪֻץһͽ׷һ͵ıС£û뵽ȻǣҪĸӵĶ࣬׼ʲô˻ǣ
ҶĿԽԽϾҲӦú˵˵ˣȵ˵ͷٸλǰ飬ǰҪǾԼˣһŭ֮Ӳɾ鷳ˡ
ֻڨЦȷе㼬֣ǰæ
Ҷ룬ĵ㻹ӵЩԸ㵱ܵǰˣ鷳¾ҳ棿
뵽˴ҶͻȻòԼʦһЩ֮ͨ
ʦһֱǱ׼Ĳٱ׼ˣϸɽǰˣ߻ħ϶ǹҲǹֱǵ͵С˵ǡ
һ˵ЩΪǴڵļһﻹһؼǾǹؼʱǰɽæҶ¾;ԼǱץͷǰ
һͦ˵飬ҶܾԼҪùΪһ˵Ǳץǰ󶼻һӵù£˵˺ôȴǡ
뵽Ҷľ;鲻Ӧ£Ӳ˵װ׵ģɲҪǰҲҪھܾ
ϸϸ˵˵ô
Ӿʿе㵣ܿͷӦ˹еԶԵøΪԾһ͵͵һЩСԵĻ˵ǰ񲻴˵
ô
һ˵ǰ²ǶʹʹӦµôλǰҪ
֪λǰԸȽϽɡ
˿ɲ֪Լ˵⻰ʱȻСģɱ˸һӾʿһЦҶû΢µġ
黹ô˵Ϊλԭٲ뵽ԭһЩУҲٱԴô£ﶼĺƣ
б෨һȴǰһͽߣ˻ɢˣһӵĵӣֻǲ֪˺˹ƻ󣬾Ȼʦţһʦر
ɢˣǳƺţ
ǳƺţǱ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾⱱӼ˵ȥ
ȫϵͬץɢˣֻʼѰ䣬ֱǰӲ˾Ȼܵŷޣŷ޵Ѫǣ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽黹ŷѪ島˹ϵѹǰ˵Ҫ͢ϵ⻹һζ෽ж
Ӳ˵ˣҶҪӻͻȻע⵽ƺֹһת̾˹°ڳһν̬Ŷ׷һ䣺ֻ˰ɣ
ЦЦϵҶһǰȻʵĻҲ㲻ʲôһҲܹƽˣ
µȴе鷳Ҳֱʲô˽ɢ˳Ϲ챦˳ȥĿ²ҪȥץɢˣŷޱصĺڰʦҲڵɢеǸͬʱ̫ƽǱߵƺҲ춯
ȺСҲǹҵǱأ
СӣҶһ㶣漴ʲôˣô˶ⶫȴ֪ɾʲô
ղŲ廰ǸصѣʱȴӵϿȥΪҲ֪˵Ҳֻɢһʲôǻ治á
֪ҲԼٲ˰ˣǸͷ̫Ҳ֪˵Ҷǲ˵֪
Ӿʿǻشĺܿ죬ֱӾ˵鱾ţҲضǰ
⻰ʾҶĺһˣҲҶһϵģ㻹ǵðһ¡ȥ룬ǾѯҶǲԸæôȻˡ
Ҫ˵̸вԵƽƽһ仰ӲܹƳ䣬Ҷʮףຬ塣
Ҷĵ˵ͷȻûʲôǱӾʿȴҶĵĴ𸴣㲻аɸɴĽе鶼˵Ҷ֪
֮ҶⱱӾʿΪμææԼæȷֵĺܡ
ԭǼʵ̫࣬ҪǰȥץͽջأͬʱнһЩħʿҲѾԶ϶еļѾ׼ǰŷᱦˡ
ǸھҲɳ˲ǰŷޣҿǼƼֱ־ڱصã
˵ˣɽķǾŷšöӦùСһԣ˵ѾɳСǰŷޡŷޱɽķǶϵǰս
⻹㣬ŷޱҲԸ⵽Լͷϵı뿪ԡ
Ҷüë͢ǱأǲѾȡϵ𣿡
ӿЦһ£͢ȻӦЭǣΪڹؼʱȺһﱣ׼º֣ҲŲ
Ҷššüģʵ̫鷳ձӵĻͬΪнɵҲǱͷ˵ǴӦ˱һȥŷޣôɵ֮⣬ȫ˶ǵˣһŲ
뵽ͻȻƳһǸ֣Ӣ˳ƺ˵Ȩߵ̬ȣϿûǵĶǵ̬ȶн˵ޣ
һҶҲ⣬ȫΪǱͷʵ̫̫죬Ҷн粻Ǻ˽Ҳ˵Ǽ
ֻǰһֱΪǶ鹹⣬ⶫȻĴڣⱦֱޣ


048 
ޣⱦＸû˲ʶã
һ񼸺ȫĵ˶֪ǳ׳ķ֮սΪСǿ޸̵ӡ
СʱҶһֱΪһǳţƵķź˽󣬼ʶҲӣҶĲǴޡһߡ
ޣרķ
ڷ֮սкΪ񣿾ЩҪǷ񣬳Ϊ֮ͥˡ֮սд˶㲻񣬶ɡ
СʱҶĲЩȻ˽ȴҲ¡ʱΪһжõĶ
ȴͬˣ֮һ˵ҶľһڱӾʿֻΪλǰֻǳԾرȻûлɵķ档
ֻҶԼΪеķȻĴڶеȡ
ǴޡԵα
ȻΪôǺôҲһɣ˼гţƵʦŴʹĶȱȻȴܹõáҸҪһ㣬ǵнжͨʿҪôǵɣҲãǴȥ˭ˣ
˵޵ʵüֵʣ޼Ҳ˶ⱦĿزܣŽ˳û˱
ӾʿǰѾô࣬ҲٶིһЩοЩҲûıҪֻҪҶͬȥˣܶ鶼֪
ǰҲ֪нôӣ
̾һҲúΡ
սϡ˹ԽԽ࣬ɼΪһɼ롣£òʿͷԵϣ
ޣҶԼƺʲô֪Ķ̫٣һʱҲͷֻӾʿĽ⡣
ֻӾʿ˵ͷഫǵ洫µıרͥ٣ִ֮˹٣Ƿ֮սУҲϰ֮ȥǷ̨ϱã
˵רŹ֮ܽλЩһģͬʱڷϣҲᱻⱦơⶫǺͷ׵Ķ
ҶĶЩҲ˽⣬ǰȻûпȫԭǵӾȴˡȻ˸࣬ĺġС˵ȴֶιϤһ顣
ֻû뵽ԼȻδЩ鳶ϹϵǷ񡭡ٺ٣ǿɲʲôö˭ǰԶͥߣ
ӾʿҶĲҲ֪ǰЩʲôּ뿪磬ȥ֪֮أɽ֮˵к˲²⣬νɽ֮ͥڡ
ʱҶͻȻһͻȻйؼ˵˵޵⣬ҪԼǷ񣿡
ӾʿҶĲµˣ˵ͷ
Ҷĳһû뵽ЩʿȻۼ÷Ȼ͵ػ·ˣ
ʵҲʲô飬ȻôͥҲһѡӵ޾Ԫҵɽң
οͥٵλҲϻеλģǶЩңˡ
Ҫ٣ǾҪǷ񣨻ֱ۲⣬ȥǷԲܴ磬˭ҲûⷽѰ˼
ƫƫ׵ĴޱɱЩ˲Ͷһ˼˿ܹож˭ΪԭҲν˴͵ǷϵķĻôͨҲǲܡ
ǧˣЩʿĸҲǱԴҲľǧٹֵķȻҲ˲٣۵ҲвҲһЩ˸жֻûһ˳ɹˡ
ʱȻһϡҲԶ統ӣԼܹɹͷҲ͵ˡһֱ⼸䣬뷨ս̧ͷۼʿֽĿת˴ϡ
ɽҪɽ޽һǸ֮仹ͬĻ޾ѾˣȴܿͳͽǴҲһֱŲ䣡
Ҷ°ͣ˵˵ȥƺֻǶʿϵУļһô⣿
ӾʿЦһ£⵹ǵϰ£ЩһΪö͵ԼţҪǴ޼ȻϹűȻ֮ЩҲûȥúоо
˵ŻԱ֣ӢͻȻڵЩķʦͻȻһܣǾνɽʵһ߲ελ棬νķҲһƿռϴһλˣ
Ǵ˴Ӵֱӵ磬ô֤ⱦӵдռλȺӡ
Ҫо׺󣬿̽µλ棿Ҷ룬ƺȽϷЩһĴͳһԴѾҪľ£̽µ硣
֣Ӣ˵ͷԼǰ˵ƺȽɣܶණҪ˵̫ͨ͸ǰסҶִʻҲ˽⣬Ҫȥ͡
⣬ǻΪĴ˵ҲʵڵģЩʹһλ浱šܹо״޵İҲǾͿԡ
ϵЩ飿
ҶĶЩʦģȻ뵽ЩЩһûһֻϵĻЩһָô죿ƶὫЩһ֣ͨͨץؼǿŻԺĳ
Ҷĵĺ⣬֣ӢȴԵúࣺռϵ顭
⻰˵ľͺˣ񶫷ʿǱʹƵУҲȽնǿסһѾǼˡ
ļһٰǵҹ罫ԵĴЩɶм˵ԣʱŪڽսֱӽҲʲôֵ顣
ЩܹıºͣΪ޷˸ɵ
ҶҲֶ༬ˣССһֻܿõǣ鼸ϵĴƫƫ¶нҲìأһ飬д˿֪龿жô鷳
ȥҶ̾˿֮꣬ȥĺá
ӾʿЦһ£ĵǰ˵ɣȲ˵Ϲ챦ܷٵĵȱ䵽˭˭µȥ֣
˶ģΪòˣҲҲòˣоףҲоףÿ˶Լģĳ̶ֳˡ
ΪҶ˵˸ɾⱦ䵽λǰҲǰֱûȥоأ
ɲãҶ˵˲˸ɾôдľǻǶͷΪⶫôǸ鷳İﱱԼɽ֣Ҳƽˡ
ûһ·ϻ϶鷳ο˻ҲͽõĽӾ˵ǰȥ
ͷǧ˼ת¾Ѿ˶ƣǱ߱ӾʿڵĻظֱҶĵͷӦųһ
ҶҲǱ̾ʵɲô˰ɣ
⻰ʱӾʿҪ̫ѰˣѲɾôֻСèܵŷȥĻǿͱɵˡ
ӾʿЦŵҶҪǸȥѰǴ޵䣬ҽصУͬɢ·ϵһЩ֮⣬Ҫܵİĵˡ
û䣬ֻҶͻȻ̧֣ȻЦ˵һĻͬƺǺۣܺ
û˵ָ꣬ȴ˳һ㣬һɫָзɳֱȡһô
ûʲôϡ棬ѾǶҲûï֦ҶܹΪ֮ڳ˶ûǴʱҶһָȥɿ죬գۼѾ䵽ǿô֮ϡ
ֻ۵һ죬ǴһָССۣ֮ǰĿоȻ˼Ѫ
Ӿʿ˾Ҳüͷһšͬʱĵ״󾪣һȻܵôĵطûܹǶҶĲԿš
ֻǴǰһŤһӰ·˳һԲʣͷϻһЩסòҲŶǷֹ˷֡κ¶΢΢ɫͷӦһŷˡ
ЩҶĵǶһװ⣬Ϊ˵еǸŵϷǣһԲҲô˼ֻŵĸ߿Ƽɲ֪ҪǸϷ˶١
ͬʱղܹǱ뵽ôľҲҶĺǾȣղǽûʲôֻǾȻܹ±Ӿʿ̽⣬һȴ㹻˳Ծˡ
̫ԴŶ࿿һЩԼǻ治ûᷢˡ
ȴ֪һġ
˼ȻμҶҲͲȥˣԸǼһ鲻ҪҶĲģ̸Լ֣ӢǱӾʿҲȻһߡοղ˵ڳĴ˱ӾʿڰͲŪһصء
ֻҶķֵģҶĵĵͷϣٲûǰ˼ȴҶҲǸɴֱ࣬ӻ˻֣ɱɱôķϻҲû˼ˣ
ȴ⻰˵꣬˶ֵͻȻػ˽ԭزͣǸƺǱǿĵһ
бˡ
û˵ֻ꣬ǱƽƽĵͻȻըѿͬʱԾһɫӰӰӦߣǶʵͬʱһɫĽ£ͷϴס˿ڱͷֻ۾¶档
ߣ
һֳ˼Χ߱÷ǳȻ˳ԾǸԱߣҲ֪˵ʲôתͷҪܡ
Ҷĵңģ֪ˣ׼֣ȴһλƵԶأҶĿ̵֮ףҰһɵ
ԭףСԴӻصҶߺҲвסյĵܡ⸽ҲûʲôĶҲɽҲ㹻СȥˣֻҪÿ湻˶ͬʱ̵
ŵļһﱾҶϣĻʱʹֻҪһͷȡһСϺõȴôңȻ˲Լͽ֡
οչ¶һЩֶεĻɽҲ⼸ɵǰССһ¡
Ѱ˼ţָֻڱͷһĨȻ˫ָſһںб죬һǰָǶˣͬʱ¿溰˾䣺ѽǰ˻һ㶡
˶һۣһͷϸɵƣ
ԹԵǰ壬ĵڹʶҲͰˣʶĻ˳ָɵҲʲô顣
ٶȽϿ죬һԾҪͷԾȥȴͻȻһɤӣ͸
Щ߾Ĵˤĵ¸׷һ䣺ɵƶˡ
ǵһƳȴķȭͷϾȻһɫŷǳ׼ġ͸ƻԼġҪ



049 ֮
һޱȵĺУķ񣬵ÿӾʿڶǰѾһ۷ҶıΧһȦμ졣һɤӣΧסЩʦǰ˳ɻΪҶʲô¡
ҲȷҵģԿºأ԰ͣ桮ٹĺȲͣȻʱʱĳ˵ٵҶĶˣҲ⾿˵ʲô
ױһתǸһ߿ƼļһͻȻһģ˾룬Ȼ־ʹӺͳһǹ
ǹ
Ȼ˵Щ̥ǣʵķɿ졣Сִ糤ǹеűܵη壬ڿͳǹ֮󣬻أһ籡ϺȼһŰɫĻ档
ʦ˵ڵĹѰǹеˡӦİɣ
Ȼ֪ԼʦǶ˵еɰʦɲҲɰɣһ׵ʶĺ⼸ȻһֱҶѧҲûԼΪһࡣ
ҪԶҪˮҪ֣Ҫڣ
ҪһҪȥҲǾԼԵĸˣȵĶҲȥϲˣֵʱͷˣǴڡ˽˻⣬ϸ˵ˡ
ܵ˵ΪԼǸ࣬ʶϸ֮޷ֵǹеģ
ߺ˼룬Ǳ߿ɲ̫ܵ࣬ǸڹȻԭزûаԥֱӾǼǹ˹ȥ
׾ͷּöӵԼļҪ֮˹ЩӵĹ켣ȻԱ߲׽
ۣҾȻܿӵ
һ߾һߺ棬ͬʱŤŤ֮½⼸ǹ˹ȥվԭ㶵ĿԼҿԶӵˣѵҳ£
ϧûˬԼļ̾һۣǿĹԴ˶һģЩˤڵء
ϴľʹعʱײʶԼںƴأԼǲǸ˶ԷԼĻ
һȻǹң
һ׶ȫ¼ֻһգ۵Ĺ˾Ѿ۵Ǹǰһ½Ǹһ߿Ƽļһһ
ʵΪԼղһǹɱðŰ̵ļһҲܽˣû뵽Լһǹȥֻһģͬʱ΢еʹղſԼӵڼڹʱƺʲôڵסˣһеĹŹƺڹϵİ
鷳ĺڹ
׳嵽Լǰ˸ϽԾȥϵ·ܹЧͬʱ̼弡⣬ܹ״̬ǿʵһԾٶȲǰͷҲ˿׽ŵһǡླྀ
׵ĲȭĻңֻȭͷϹԷ˹ȥɢ
һ͸žǡླྀԱ߹ۿԼ֣ӢŹ֣ӾʿҲʱʱҶƳۡ
Ҷţ⡭
ҶĵǲΪ⣬ЦҪ̵ӵȻҪʩ̣µҲˣ˵ʲôԡ׾֮Ķ벻˼һЩǱȽϸȤĶţȻ١
Ӿʿһ۾һ漴һȻı飺ҶһңҲ˵ǰʩֻ̣˵ǰּܴǱڻ߽һ׻ӵĹĵľ߱Ϳ֪ǰ֮ʵˡ
⻰ҲȫǹάӾʿ˵⻰ʱдġȻϰ䣬֮ĸѧû˽⣿ϾҲ壬еڼһµģ๦ҪڼҾϡ
ֻʽʲôҪжӦ˾Ųһ׹ʲʹȭʱǿǿһȻȭʩչʱ򣬾м֤һвֻͽͶѣǿġ
ǰѡĹƺе̫Ȥζ֮⡭
ǸʹһеʱҲδ̫ˣȻȫǸλʲ֮߱󷢳Һͬʱڳһһ˶ڵһʱн˫ȣ񱻻еǸԼһ
͵ȥǸһֻǸߵڵϣȼнСƲѾ˹ȥͬʱΪһҽҲڽвͣðŰĭӡޱȡ
ڷйۿĻºѩҲɫһ죬һڣһǵģȻֵط书ȻҲкܶƵʽѰҲײãҶĵ굹Ҳùʱ书λûҲˡοʱԸĶһЩ޳ܷ࣬㱻֪Ҳ˵ʲô
ʱȴͬѩͻֹպúúý̵̵ӣҪ֪ʲôãƽɽ
˻ڹע׵Ǹһ߿ƼļһﾹȻͻȻǿʵ͵һӣϾȻͻȻһϸ׷Ӧ죬һ¾Ҫˡ
һڳ˵Ƕʶã׸Ǳŵ۴У٣ƣô޳ܵģôⶼˣ
һڵصҲûסֱӻشֵİͲü𣿡
ʲ˺ܶණǰѶԸԼԼһһǸڹֻ֮öüⶫȻһװҪԴƫƫ̫ԴˣԴĹ⣬µʧʱƾʲôڹ򣿿ֻܰˡ
װ죬ƺ벻ɣһɤӣȻˣ㿴ҵľУ
У
һ̾ΪǿڹֳʲôϡŹֵȴų嵽һͲòֹסΣΪǺڹȻ֪ͳһŵͲȻ˼ָԼںһڰЦļΪá
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ⶫźҪģʵźŪĿɲֻһͲܻǹҲõĳдָʲôʹʲô
Ҳ׵ĶȤζʹȻ㲻Ǹ߿Ƽôҿûʲôֵܹ
Ǹһͽǰ򱬣ǿıըԼƬҲ㹻Ǽһһˡа׶ȻǲģϵĽƺû̫ǿķҲڶ״ˡ
ޱȵ⣬ȴ֪ҶĺͱӼ˶ߣôҲû뵽Ȼô棬Ǹ߾ȻһͲסˡ
ʶ̬ϵĲͬҶĳ֣ҪȻͲĶˣǱǿ磬ҪɱСҲһͷ顣ǼһＴҶļҲú£ΪɲΪһж
Ͳ
ܵ˵ҶĶͽܵıҲ˵⣬Ҳ˵ϲ⡣Լͽܸ㶨ëӦø˵ģϧһ̫ˡ
Ҫʲôȭȭ֮Ե⣬Ͳʲô£Ҷİ¾ģҪúõĲһСӣϲôˣƽ׶Ҷĵ档
ֻ֪ܵĶԱӾʿ˵ϴߣ飬û뵽Щ
ѺͱӾʿģ֣ӢɫͺˡôҲһȫĹԱ˴ôΣյĵһΣܾÿĲ֡
ȴ⼸λʲôҲΣҲҪһͲĶࡪǸԭϰʶɵġ
׹ȥǸһ͵ҶǰȻʮֵĿŻͲٺ֣֮ʦһûܵǸˡͷһۣѾûˡ
ҲѾСɣôԶҲжϳһЩֻҶ֪ǸùѾˣֻˡ
˾ˣʲô
ȻתͷǱӾʿ֪ʿʲôţǼһʬʰɾôȴҶԼȻòٹ򣬵ʬ𼣵ֶȴû٣Ǿ˵ӦûбȽϺõЧ
Ӿʿҡҡͷ֣Ӣ˾䣺ǰģ齻Ұɡ˵һ˦һȻһ˦ǻֱȡߵʬȥ
ţҶķ֣Ӣʹûƺʲô񹦷Ƚ
Ȼѽ͵ͬܣܹݻ棡ʦ֣Ӣ֮Ȼܣ޶عȴ棡
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾס
֮˵Եһڴͳѧ˵Унȫ֮ࡣȱʧǱͬʱҲҪ֤ȫģǹƫĳһҲȱʧ
֣Ӣ壬ֻһڵԲϰ֮ҲΪʲô츳ܻΪ˲ʺ䣬дɾ͡
ʲôĹ֣Ӣ治䣬زĿܣЩҶĶãΪһʱǸϴҲ˵˲ⷽ顣
ֻʱҶĲΪԼˣϵһĵº治һ֣Ӣĵһûкõӣ֣Ӣô
֮Ȼ治䣬ҲǾԵģѰһЩصĹھҲ˵ȫ
ҶȱľǹھֻҪһʱ̵ѰʵĹҲô׵顣ӡĳ𹦾ͱȽʺ֣Ӣ֣Ӣصʣ㲻Ҳܽ¡
֮⣬ǺҲһѡ񡪡Աƽ֣Ӣڵ֮γ״̬Ҳһ·ӣ˵Ҷܹ뵽ʺ֣Ӣķš
ֻϧԼû׹ĿھҪĻǴԼ޼Ҳòʹ
һӣǵȷĶǲ֪ƷΣ
ƷкãҶȻֽ˾κãǽҲ޲ɡǲá
ȵߵʬ˸ɾҶͻȻ֣Ӣǰҹ֣
Ҷ˵ѺͱӾʿ̾ҶҪ֣Ӣ׼ְһ֣Ӣϵ̼üŪ۵ĳʹɫԼѴһԵ
֣ӢҲǱ˹쵽ҶǰȻоҶָԼ֮ϺһʮˬĸоԼ졣
λǰԼ̽ڵǰҲɵĳ鿴ֻЩ˵Լอ̽ȥһ·ҲǿĿİǰУֻеҾѴˣºҲüͷҡͷ̾
;ȴûϵҶĵûܵκһ׵Ĵ⣬Ȼе˳һתͱԼ
֣ӢȵǣҶ䵽ԼڵЩȻڹ˼ɢ˺üͬһʱ̽ԼԼһˬڳ֮ƢԵñ꣬ҲûѵǴ¶ʮȵĻҲʱʱܡ
ˬĸоû
ֻϧָоܿţȻҶľüͷԼ˵һ˶ΪԾĻܲã򲻳±ȫʬ


050 ͽ
֣ӢǰҲһЩǰѹ˵õԽԼ˺ҲԽࡣҶֱӾװ׵ĸֱû˵ôȷеģǵһΡ
˻һĪ˵֣Ӣ˹ǺҲǴʧɫ
ԭ֪ԼǺֹۣҲû뵽Ѿӵ㾳磬Ȼֻºûˣ
Ҷڽ͵Ѿ˱ıԵȻܣͨ΢һ㣬Ҳֻýǿ޷ǿǰÿʹܣڲԼѾҲܲסˣǼʹá
ʵ¶Ҷ˹ƣʹƵ֣֮Ӣͻһغ
죬ҪҶûа취֣Ӣһ£ֻһЩҲá
ʵ֣ӢҲѰһĹƽڵֻҪƽ⣬˲Ȼҩ
ǣȥѰʺ֣ӢĹ
绷Խӣͬʱ湦Ҳ˴У缸֣ӢģһЩӵ⹦ɻܸ˵Ľǽȴûһϲ֣Ӣֵӡ
Ҷ룬ĻҲÿ˵ƷУҲӰΪ˲ֱǽ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣Ҷо˼ֱӿڵҲػţȻ鷳ҲҩΣҶĳкüַӿָֻ
⻰֣Ӣûô£ӾʿԼѶɫһ䣬ԵôΪԾƬ̺Ѿ͸ϽһԼԱŵ֣Ӣ˵ȻԵץ
ʹ˼ɫ֣Ӣ׹˼ҵǿԾܵиͷɣ뵽Щ˼ҡЩȽϴͳĹأ֣Ӣ̻عĻԵ̹ߵͷʦ
ҶĺٺһЦ֣ӢҲͿһھͺԼʦɼҲ׳ưԼǼĺ£ɾû꣬һҪסᡣ
֣ӢȴҪĶ࣬һͨˣСʱԼܣʱҲԼǸرȻһ
ãʵܶ࣬ǿҲ壬Ϊܶ˹ص֯УһЩùҲܼ顣
ѣǸͬ£ִֻͨз˲ͬΪǿʦűŻһΪҲһֺ
ʱʼ˲һѵʦųҲһЩɵǰЩԼǰҪ˵֣Ӣû˼ǲܵġ
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ڲ鿴֣Ӣ֮ҡͷ̾ʾΪЩ˵ҲнбȽ֪Ƕ֣Ӣ޲ߣö֣֮ӢҲ˹ԼⱲûϣΪǴ˵е֮ˡ
ͬ£Ҳ֪ԼҪѰ˶̵Ķ࣬ʹܵĴԽƵҲ͸̣
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˵ʱҲοԼĸԸȥһ޿ҲͰˣ֣ӢҲһɲʵǮҲв׵ıúʱȴҪһغôܸģ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ҶҲȽϽӽ
Ҷվһ۷壬Ҫ࣬صȻǰΪͬҲǸվ۷ˡƢɲһʱܸĵĻģӸλɵ
οҶҲû뷨ͬʱҲϣ֮ԼͻΪһ˵ĳ̶ֳ֣Ӣмơ
ΪԭŶ֣ӢͷȻ֣ӢҲȷȻ֪Σ֮ͿɱɾͲ̫
ȻһҶܹѰʵĹ֣Ӣ塣
һЩԵķŽ֮סһȥú뱾ʲô湦ʱԵڣ
˵˴֣ӢϲɫҶһˮȥ»ǱɵӣԺҲ˵ֻҪãͽΪϿȴʲ֮⣬ƷҲǼΪأЩӡ
ûмȥ˵ˣЩҲҪ˵̫ף֣ӢҲʲôӣʮˣֵطЩ˵˴Ѿ㹻
֣ӢҲ˹Դ˵ǲ֣ϾҲˣͽʱ򿼲ƷˡĪ˵ҶģͨͽҲҪУһأ֣ӢҲʲôãֻǹӦ
ͷӦ£ҶҲ΢΢һЦȻһ£֣Ӣ͸оԼ˺ƱһȻӲľվһжɲֻܾܱıžеվֱӡ
ʦ֮Ժ˵Ҳ˵
ҶĽĿһתҲĿ⿴һԣǡһʬ壬ǰץǸع
״ʱע⵽Լķ²Ȼˣȥ鿴һȴûʲô˿ڡ
Ҷ߹ȥֽϵĶ˾Ϳһ޷ӵףҲû뵽Լ
΢һ̽ҶֱӵжӦòɱװеŹ֣˾쳣Ȼң֮Ķɱڣ
٣ɽķҲĺ
Ѽ˲⿪ڳ䣬ϾǸžЩһ򽻵˴˼ҲвСìܡ
ԴҶĲÿɷҲòκϽЩ鵱УֻǶԱ˵Ǵ޵ҿɳְæҪҰ̽ǲܵģһ棬ѰĵҲĹ͡
ûȥ˵ȴҶʱְæҪľѾ˼ȥѰǴҲ򲻿ܵġ
һҲǺϺӾ͹ʩһ񣺡лǰĻǱȷ
ļûг֣ҲӰȥųһӦˣ֣ӢȴҶ˽̵ɽɵһЩ֮⣬ȻȽڵǹ֮ѹס
Ҷæ죬֮֮ǿᳬҶǰԤϣΪԼѾ㹻֮壬һѹƵʱŷ֣֣Ӣڵ֮Ȼһ㣬ԼԽ࣬䷴ҲԽ͡
ÿ»꣬ҪԸҲǼ򵥣ҶĻҹԻ챦ԼһĵγĲѹƣ֮
̡õϼԼǺγҶĵĸǳΪǿķ
ҶĹƣԼôȻҲŲ˶ʱ䣬ʱ֣ӢӦû֮ǣҪǹ֮Ĳٻܲûбӡɿʹû档
ܣҲǲĶúã֮ʱҲռˣ
֣Ӣ綦ʢʱ򣬿ܻᱻɱ߷֮ĶŸΪͬʱʹҲΪӦ֣Ѱ֪˶١
֣ӢҶĵɽ£ǻʹȴҶеͷˡΪҶĵɽֲǾ޷֮ɣϰɣŵľԼ壬ʹҲȴԼΪ
֣Ӣ֮󣬱Ҷ˼ӣûֱΪ״ʱ׼ȴһЩȻһ̵߽һ߿֣ӢƷС
Щڹ֣ӢţҲеҶȴģΪ֣Ӣ츳֮˸ͲҪΪԼвģȫͨԼѰҵС
鷳һ֮˱ŵķҲƽ͵ھ⹦ҲֻţϤһڹķʽܹʲôҲν
֮⣬ҶĻ̫泤ȭŹڸ֣Ӣ֣ӢȻȭ̫泤ȭѧᣬȻͨ͸ԸѰҲѾ㹻
ؼǣ֣Ӣֻȭ֮л߳ɱɲ֪Ҫһ˳ȭǿ˶٣ǵҶĴڵڹ֮ź֣ӢǻҲøʵࡣ
ʦôеKOFǸ˭
Ҷĵ˵ͷе񣬲νˣ
Ȼᵱ£ƽѾɽկ࣬ٶһΣĽǸղݵȭɽկҲû˵ʲô˾ȡϷĹ㶼ܸŪʵʹõ湦˵Ϊǿʲô磿
˵˸ҶصĹ⻷֮⣬Щ鲻ʲôӰ죬ȴǾƺҲڸ֣Ӣ
ǰûⶫֻǾһˣ֣Ӣϵɾͱ̶ҲĹˡ
ǰԸɫڸףһǱĺˣҲǿǵһЩײס
֣ӢȴһѰʹ֣ӢԺǰ;νһƬܳΪɽһǿս
ȻҲкôģ֣Ӣһ֮ھܽƵһܸߵĲΣĻ̵ʱڸҶĴ㹻İҪԶ˿Ļ
ϾͬؼĲڡͳĶûм޵ģҶǱͼȫķֲܹиȥҲһֱõ
Ǿأͻ˾򣬴ﵽ˾ľ磬׵ƻǧмޡ
ȻҶĲ޵ʱʲôм޾֤оԵģЩǿ˵Ժɽɵ˸ߵĲΣ֣Ӣϰȴסûи߲εʱô죿
Ȼ˼ͽܣʦľҪΪͽȥǣϾͽܲѧڴͳĻͽܿǺͶһ޶ĴڣʦҲǺ͸һҪΪԼͽܿǵ㵽ûǸ֡
鷳鷳˵ɣȻܹγսǡҲ̫˽ˣ
Ҷĸ̾һԼվǸµˣеʱ̫ѶЩ۰ֱӾͰѾ򶪸֣Ӣˣ֣ӢԺ⣿ƨ£
Ȳ˵滹кܶȥܲܽЩ£˵Լǰܹٵĵõһ󽫲ǹؼ󽫵δ
ȫķ̫泤ȭ̵֮ҶıǽҲһڸ֣ӢҲл֮Ч֣Ӣϰ˹Լʣһ֮˺ҲСһЩ
Ŵ˼УӾʿٴγ֣һؼûзϻֱӾ͵ǰŷ޵ķɻ
ǵҶĵһֱӢȻӢ֮ϢһٳǰŷõϢֻڱŷĻҶҲ׼ͽ͢ϵһ
⣬ӢҲҶĽԼһӻߣֻ׶۷壬һЩſ絽ƶףѾ˺춷żĿ˹ܹİһЩ
Ӣ˷ɻǰӻĿ˹һ˲䣬â¶Ŀ˹һ¾˱ӵע⡣
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051 ԣ
˹ɫɽΪͬнɵĸкܴ
һ˵һʿһ֮һ񶼻ɢͺͨûʲô
ҶȻݶµ书ǱϾϰǵҹܵ˵ƽͣ㾳磬˴ǿжģֵĻ󲿷˶Ϊֻһͨˡ
ɫĿ˹ȴͬɾֻ֮һվǸϹӶܸоĳⲻǸǵ
˹ǸСԭҲǲֻܳ׼Ǵʱϵ·һ׳˶ļŵĹĹģʱܽǼ·űһȻֻǺվȴʱԱǿһиƵļһ˺Ƭ
˫۾ǾⱬֻҪ΢е˶֪һǸ֡Ҳɫĸãϰг֮ҪԻǲܵ顣Ǻܷ˵ĹԿ˹Ҳʲôá
οĴŷޣЩѪ֮սԵú۸Ļи鷳סһЩආ
ͱڣ˹һվ·ǺļһͶԶԶģԸһЩͬҪ˭ģСѡĿ˲ܵ
Ҷĵ˳ʱͨǿ˲ƵĻȵ˹ĺҶļ֮ЩವûӰӡҶĴбȽϵ͵źôһ󡾵һҲݡ
ַӦȫΪ˹ԭ򣬶ҸҶĿĵǣ˹ʵԼԤϵĻ졣
Ӽʦ
ͷԽԽ˹ҶĵԽĹʵʶҲıˣҶľǸôǿˣԼܹѧԼⱲĸԵһҪúõİա
ҶĴī۾ת˹Ŀ΢һ֮Цŵ˵ͷܴ󣡡
ղһ£˹ҲںԼʦɹ΢΢һСɫɫеĺ춷
ҶǰĹƣɫ˺춷ǾĿ˸ֵУֻҪﵽ춷۷壬ôϾͿңȥҲһԱ֮
ӱӿе֪нִ֮µĹһ£춷ܾʿɵķˮ롣ȻĲҲֻܴµƲһɫĽ׿ҲҪʿǸͻĶࡣ
Ʋ̶֮¶ʿķΧ춷µĽӵ㣬Ҳ˹ȥ춷۷ʱܹӵеɵʵˡȻҲпɣⶼжϣҪȵ˹Ǹ̶ȲС
ſ˹˳һοҶӢõӳ˹˹Ŀռ㹻һˡ
һ˲ã˹̾ͽߵ߸Ҷ֪ǱһЩֵ飬һνܻ͢˺ʦϵ
ǰɣޡ˹ҲҶڽ͢Ϥˣǰ˫ϵʱͨˣһξȻˡ
ҶĴһʮϸ΢з״뱱Ӿʿһ֮Ǻһһǰ˵һˣģ
һŷޣȻܾǼˣ˱ӾʿΪѰҴ޵֮⣬⻹Эͬ
ھŷ׼ˣҶ֪֮ñ֪ͨǸ˹ϵÿ˹źסȴǹȥ
⻰һ˹ϾͱʮֹŹ֣εĴھʦıסš
Ҷע⵽˹˵ʱõǡǡû뵽·ĻǸŮعֻǿ˹顭
ǸŮʲô𣿡
˹ҡҡͷûʲôǸŮ϶ʦ𾴡
Ҷһ㶣ƺû뵽ôҲںһĪŮ˰ˣȥԼʥ˻ʲô֪ǲֻҪԼǰԼƣǾûıҪ
ʼʾԼ⣬Ҷһ¿˹ŷ޵
Ѫ˵춯ȽƵ˼֪Ĵ⣬ϼһҲʼ߶ˣʦһΡ
һο˹û˵˼ϲǽ鷳Ƚ϶ܻ࣬Σ֮ġֻڶƲԼʦʵΣʦһǸӣԼܹо˲򵥣滹ΪҶûʲô˵ġ
Ǹо˿˹Ŀ⣬ӣӾʿеĻǱӣתͷ˹ЦЦֵĵǺֻܺԼ֮䣬˫Ӽȴַâ˹Ƭ֮ҲǶ־ȻͲ̾뱱Ӵһ
Ӿ޵֮ϲеֱֱȥ˼ҲеǿʤͷȻѡһ
ڻ˹ʱ򣬱ӾԵͷ˹һս⣬˿ȻǸˣԵһ˻ص֮󣬺ܿҶļҵĺԺڿ˼ơ
һγУҶûдŮˣֻǴףϿ˹ŷѾʮϤļӣһŮڶĽҪͷһǣıȽϴԼĻȥ磬ŮĻ¶ˡ
׺Ϳ˹ģǱϾŷˣҪʱȺҲܹҵĳ
ʱҶĶһ֣ԱߵСڷˮͱ׻ٲȻһϷģһһ߸˹ʹһ߻˸Ҷĵıеϡ
ʦÿ˹ܹӮǸǻ
ǻȻ˵ӣ˵ۣûֿŵļ⣬ҲһͷôôǸŮģһƺš
Ҷĵһ£ȴһЦֻεĵ˹ܹڱǰŹСʱѾЩˡ
˻һ̱ɫܰɣǸǻô
Ҷֵһ£ݵúԣӾʿǾĸ֣öһЩԺĪҪ˺˵
Щ̵ĺãɽн֮׺ˡµɽɻǴĽ׶ΣУ
սѵףֻҲһߣתͷһվһŮӣԼĪʮĴżпˣһëһе㷢׵ţп㣬ŵƽƽ棬ȴ毺õθ¶ɡ
ȣֱֳθȷĿ׸ղŲ֪˶ۣܹȥڨֻϧǵֱӶִˡ
Ů˽˵Ҳ£ŵǲãֻʳڣڲ˲ʮͱɽɼʶôĺã
Ҫ֪ʲôûѧᣬʦǾƲܷɽģɽʲôԼҶ𣿶Ѱ˼жʮҲɽ
⽯ҲѾ࣬ƽΪʳڣʵǲףԵеĸڱӾʿΪأʲҶ˵ʱԱӾʿвӾͼǺˡ
Ҷȴ֪ｯͰҶĸˣΪӾʿʱ̸ۼᵽҶģȴΪҶʲôƫԼһڱӾʿͻѵǲѰ˼ҸҶľǺηʥأû뵽ô˻ᡣ
֮󣬽ҶľȻôһûʲôϡˣиǶƲϣñӾʿȻۣȻޱȾһһ
ɣαһδ˵ֵɵͷ
ҲδûͷʱϣӾʿܹݺݵĽѵһǸʲôҶĵĵӣһɵ磬ҲǽǸҶǰĪҪʲôף
ȻҶĲûʲôڽҶľڰס㿴ڣվҶȴţֵǾȻŪһϹϹΪڵӰԺ
ҶƻܼĻһ䣺ҾɱȵӰԺЩƬÿˣ
֮⣬֣ӢҲýǲˬ˵֣ӢʲôìܣԼͬϣסнҲǸˡ
Ҫǳֵʲôüɰɽɡ䵱֮ҲͲ˵ʲôˣɽʲôǰûһ¶Ͱѱ˶˵ȥˣ˵ܸ㶨ⲻǳĴЩŴɵ
ҲЩɶĲô룬ΪԼʦΪٵЩǣȴⲻ˻뷨ЩҲΪ֣Ӣ˲ˣǰЩʦҲѰһЩԾϾҵ֣Ӣķˣȴһ֣ӢֺǺǵĸԼˣʦҶģ
ߣͿɽʲôͣ
ӲˬǱ߿˹ͱѾ֣ʱһɫһ򻽳ɳҷųâ˲ֱ棬˫ƴ˰ƺ󣬿˹̶Ȼмܲס
Կ˹ҲôȥֱǰԾͬʱ˫ȭյ䣬ȭͷϷֱһɫǲȭ
ȭһҪ˫ʩչҲǿõģվã˹ԲȭѾﵽһ൱ߵĳ̶ȣԴʱõʹһͬʱ۳ɲ
ۿžҪ嵽˱ӵǰ˹ȭ͵ϻȭϵĲҲӦֶֻ̹һһը
ƺûб̳Ӱ쵽΢ЦվȻһ֮ɳ͵ı貵⣬Ȼۺϵһһɢɫǹĳƾն֣ǿᵶֱնԼҲࡣ
˲ͱɢƼ˿˹ǡþǵնȥĵطǵ֮ͣúԶҲܸоĵ
ûʲЦģ˶Եúǽţ·뱱ӱȶһϾ˹ͬΪˣϵȽϽҲͬɫһս˵Ǻܶġ
ֻ˹ܣͻȻһâɫŨ˼֣ȭƵǣȻγһɫĵУ˹׼ֱһ̶ֵɵĵҲǱǿᵶûųͽнŵµĵѿһӡ
ҲǾһ£ͬʱƺȤˣɳŷо˵ֱ˼֣ٶƾֻֿǰ⻪һ쳣Ľ֮
ͬʱ̶ײһǿᾢɢǽٵ߰㣬ԶһĵطҲ⣬ɫµһ԰ʱѾһӣҶľúǿϧ
ͦһԺӡ
߶һ䣬һӰͱ˶ֻǺ˵ʱ͵ıһ⻪ͬʱһֱеŲ˦ȻڿлһSͻֱȡԺ
ֻˣӸöһŷ̹ĲȻǿᣬ˵ҲǲܣǺɳȻǺ˹棬ǱӻΪֻá
ɱԼԺͻȻԳöɫǹ⣬ڱΧγһϣǹ⼸ͳӵĵ㣬ǵ͵ֱӵǽڣҲɳһɫĹ⻪
ŶǱӾʿĻ֮
ҶȤ볡仯˹ŲȻ͵ըɫСдܳٶԱȸղǲǿ˲֪٣Ȼɫڻûȫγ֮ǰ˱ϡ
֮󣬺˵ıӾʿԾȵƿ˹ȴʱԼһ⼸СŵĲȭȻûܵʲô˺ڿ˹ܹԼҲúǾȣ޵ҶŲΪ̵ӵҲǲ
˵ȻǳҶģֻλӾʿǱս⣬ȻҶĵǸǰһЩָ㣬ǰҪƴǣ
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Ҷվߵ˹ԱߣļҲڸԼӣֵĲ
˵ʵ˹ıԶԶĳҶĵԤڣ̶ֻʵܺͱӴһ󣬶һһЩȽϡСɹǰ֤˹СӲһļһ޶ȵķӳԼʵ
ĵӣܹĸҶĴ
ͬʱ˹μʶ˱Ӿʿʵ֮Ҳĸ־ʲôӣԺҲһŬܶĿ꣺ҶĲУڿ˹ͿҶĵʵģҲûȷԼŬķ
ȵ˹˵˳ߣҶ򱱺ӾʿǼ񣺡ȻʿҶĳҲͲƴˣ
ӾʿԵúǿģ˵ͷãǰָ̣
˵գտ񵶱ǰ۳ͣǵɢĵȸղԿ˹ʱ֪ǿ˶٣д˿֪ղűڳֵʱзִ磬ܹܿ˹ȴҲԵ̫۸ˡ
ҶıʹԼָ⡣
ȻⱱӾʿһֱһҲչ¶޵ĶʹͽһҲԲɫ
һ룬;ʹͷڿƺһ룡ȴ׼ȭŹͱӾʿˡ
һಫǴҶҲѡԵеʱ϶ɴķʽͶԷ죬Ҳȭź档У򽣾أ
Ͳһ򽣾ȥ˭ܹվԭʱ˶Էǳȥһȭ˴Լˡ
ֻһԣǾͲÿ̫ˣԼһϼѰҲûʲôˡ
ǰ룡
ΪҶĻһǰţȳֵȻǱӾʿֻһ䣬ǰ񵶾Ȼ͵һɣǰǰ貶Ŀտȴ˸ӲСֻշеʱɢĵͽһ
ҶһҲǰһǿ
һոմﵽվʱ治ý£ӾʿһԼƵһ֮ͬǽ߽۵൱̶Ⱥֱһк
ֻǱӾʿһ΢һ㻡ߣеʱһ΢ڻҶĵһ˲ߵ־ǽеĴ̡
Ҳǵ֮ҶôȻԳϮһ˲Ѿһܹ˱Ӿʿһ
Ҳ㲻ʲôҶһ㿪һ֮ǰ壬뿪ԭصһ˲䣬տ⾹Ȼ͵һԭһΧ˿ɫͻȻһԲһԭת
Ҷֻһ㿪һĻܾͻᱻһǺˣҶĺϵںƶ㿪֮ǰ壬պñܹһС
Ҷĳ֮˫һȴǾһת֮£̫ھֳһվһᾢ˳ƾһнʮĳ
һҶƻû򵽱ӾʿǰӾʿ͸оһ֮ƣڿҶ֮ʱȻ˺˵ĳ嶯
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ַһǻߵǺɳ̾ۼǰγһǳʵķڡ
ղŵ˹һʱвͬ˹ȭķڻ͸ģɳֻγ˼㣬Ȼ󼸸֮䲻ͣԴγɷڡ
һǾۼɳɢǳâֻһ;úʵޱȣԴ͸
ûϵҶһĳûһƿӾʿķղż˱÷ڵֵ˿˹ĲȭоһУһĳкС
ҶԴպǰе๦򶼱˴룬лвٹȽϿأָͺӡ
ҪԼг֮ҲͨеһЩôʱۼ˫Ŀͫɫ⻪һת֮£ȻܹƼɳۼķƵһЩؼ֮
ԭӾʿɳȻȴҲѼ±ӾʿҲֻһƽķʽɳҲ˵ɳУмΪҪģֻҪǼţɳȻͻ߽⡣
Ҷ˫ĿһȻֻԼԼҲƳҪɳ֮ԼʹָȻһ˱ӾʿһϡָھȻһ˲ɢɳ֮ϵ̼ɢ˿
ʱҶĵĵɢɳֱ֮ӳ˹ȥЮǿᾢ˻ûȫɢɳһƹضŭһѪֱȡӾʿš
һ¾ıӾʿʧɫһǰɢȥһͣԼǰԼ˫۲룬ƺɱֻԼֻ֪Ҫǰһ㣬վҪˡ⻹˵Ҷǰ֣С뱣ס
˸Ժһ㣬ҶĴʱ˫ְȻվӾʿǰͷתͣ
ҵΪ㲻ҶǰҲܳŸٰʮغϣһ־Ͱ󡭡
ҪҶĽδûǰԼʵԺҲܸ߿Լһ۵뷨û뵽ǣԼΪȡˡȻֻһͱǰ˻ֻǱд裬ҶǰмʱĻԼ
ҶȴûԵ̫⣬֪ԼܹܱӾʿȫΪӾʿԼĲ˽⣬һ˺֡
ӾʿĴ򶷾඼ǺƵʿõģһ˫սʱ룬ȻսһҪܶԷǾ͵˶Էķɽ֮ǰҪԼİΣ˻һս
ҶĴһʼͲȥ񵶶ֱ˵ʱ򣬱ӾʿķӦҪࡣ
ǸɳһʼͷųĻԼҪһָȥֱǲܵ飬ɳȻҲƵģӾʿԲĳɳȻЩɳһɳ÷ݣҪһʼɳ;ۼһô͵һ壬ҶļһָϣҲܽɢ
ΪӾʿʱžۼɳϵһóѣ˱ӵ
оԼ˵жٶȳ˱ӵԤϣһʼĹԵ̫çײûжҶʲôӰ죬ž¶˳ȻҶץסûĿ϶
ʵǻһ뱱Ϊˣ㰴Ҷĸղһĸһ飬Ҳܹܱӣ˵˻ǸԭڹϱӱҶĲ࣬ԲŻô׵İ
ǰʵȻǿܽˡ
һȴҲñӾʿ뵽˺ܶԼǰԵ⣬ܹһһĻսһ󵵴ΣֻЩҶĵĹϵ뱱ӱһ°ˡ
ûָʲôʲô̵̲ܽܽģܹʲô飬ҲǺһаˣ
˻֣ҶתȥȻ˿һƬǼֹ֮˾䣺´εר޽ĵطÿζ԰ҲǸ£
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ҶҲûմſ˹ֱӻص鷿ҪӣţӾʿҲҪԼͬ˵
֣ӢյļҲһҶĻ鷿ס˹һվҶĵĽ̻塣
Ҷǿ˿˹ڶӯҲûʲô⣬ղ뱱ӾʿݵĽ沢ûˡ
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˹˵ͷŸոմ춷żŹ˶ҾĿ춷ˣ
Ҷǰ¶һº춷뱱ӱȶʱ̶ΪֻǸصɱ˺춷ҲôҲŻŻˡд˿ɼ˹ĺ춷ûɡ
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˹ʱͻȻڵʦȻ͢ûʲô鱨ǵӻǴӱĵطһЩȤĴţ
ʲôţ
˹룬ƺԼе˼·һŽ齲ԼĪǰ֮ǰʱŷ޾Լһرŷޣ˵Ǹɱ񣬶ұãŷ޵ĵԺɧһҲֳ⣬Ҳڴһʱ˵ģ
ʱ˳һЩ˿ѰҵһȺѪ壬ƺһ壬嵱ʱһЩ˽ӴڵʱǡײЩڻҵʱһӣӿǺν޵
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Ī㿴ľǴޣҶĻû˵֣ӢȼˣŷΪľܹõУôҲ»Ͼš
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ô϶ҶҲ֣˹Ӧû޵ģΪʲôô϶ǸͲǣǵõϢǸ͵޵ͽƺѪߵĺܽ׼˹ײϵأ
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ӵʱǾгͻ̾ʹǸҲڳͻлٵˡʦ˵Ǹܹ߱Ӧòô׾ͱٵİɣ
ҶĵۣҲû뵽ȻôҸͷԵǣһȺѪŪһͨĶʽ֮ںΪʲô
ȥͻȻ˹˵ȺѪںһȺͷȺѪӴʲôˣ
˹ҡҡͷȺ˺أͷβû¶ݣһֵʱȺ˾ûӰӣ
˹ϸ룺뿪ʱע⵽Ǻڶµ·ƺ֡ʿĳۣ
Ҷһû뵽黹ǣʿˡף޷״ǿ˹Ҷô꣬ƺҲԼһʦҲѧϰһ¶ĻܻϴǾǲǵʿš
һȺʿһȺѪ塭ͨޣͻȻðĴޣҶͷʹ°ͣⲻС˵ɣ


053 ֣Ӣѡ
˹ķԼϢҶĸԺ֮⣬û̫İ
޷ŪȺѪ͵ʿŪͨ£Ǵ޵֮ʲôȻϵ
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ûҶľǻȺѪǹŪһٵĴޣȻ֪ʲôôΪ鷢ʱʵ̫ɺϣѲǷȥ롣
վͥԺŹҶĴ̫泤ȭƣȻ˼нʮƣڼ䶼ûʲôԴһ׺ѰƷ͹ЩʹҲûʲô
һվŵĽȴ֪ʵһ֪˶õ֣ʵҲʮࣩͬʱЩƽƽǿԷӳֲġ
ҶĳƼǿһԲΪԼۻ˿߳˻þʲôġ
ȵҶĴ֮󣬽ͻȻʵ֪ǰղʹĶʲô򣿡
˲ҶڵǱɵһЩѰƷʼɽȭõƣڸղҶĺٺЦһ£һƷʮƣ
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ҶĹ⣺ôʲôԵ𣿡
ֻһɵı¿ҶĺһŵǰӦɽɶؤɣ

ҶĴЦһ󣬾ѾͷķӦȻûгԼϣ뵽˽ϵеǸʮƵĳ
ҽƷȻ뵽˺ʵдˣСѾͷ֪
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գգۣû뵽ڼ仹ôһϵ治֪ԭȫôһŹ
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˵ЩҶľϷҲҪȫףأҡͷ̾Ϣһ󣺡ϧƷȻȴʧ˼Уʱֻʮƣϧ
ҡͷֹ̾һ·ص緹ȥˣ½ѾͷţǰҲǺһ
ӾôĹȥˣҶյĴڱʱʱȥ˾ֲ¶ϵӡ
˹֣ӢһһæŴ̽͢ǱߵҪ˽һĽչˡ
Ȼ˽˹ҲԼЩµȥѪ顣ϾôҲǰ׻ģҲһЩҪҶľǸޡʿͽεĴ¼źеĹܹúõĵһ£Ҳһõͻƿڡ
ֻ·һ֮Ҳ;ĵȴ
ڼҶ¶Ĵ֣Ӣ޼ϣŴ֮塣ȻĿܾ֣ӢĴ޼һЩرı仯ŪûԭĴ޼ྶͥҶĻǾȥ
Ϊʦ㻤ɷģǳʲô⣬ΪʦҲܱס
⻰ҲſںߣΪҪס֣ӢС治ʲô£οľ׼һ֣ӢİٻѨԷһֻҪڳʲô״ͻԶԷİˡ
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ҶĴ޼Ϊľô޼ԽǱ֮ɸƽ͵Ĵ֮Ȼ֪ܲܳɹֻҪ֮΢ƽһЩҲ˺ˡ
վãҲԽǿ׳ȻΪһǿ˵õһǿĹ
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ԭΪ޼ߴǡþ֣ܿӢǵҪǿģرһĻԹܽκá
ҲߡĹ
ҶĵҲǹԼ챦Ĳ㾳֮û챦ıѩһڵ֮Ļƺе˷ѡ
ҲΪʦҪұĹ㣬ҲصģɽɱûУǹ࣡
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ھͺˣǱǺǸպúʣ֣ӢͽܵҲպá
ദЩӣҶĵ뷨Ҳеı䣬Ҳϣһ˾ôԼٸͽҲνˡ
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мѡǰ
֣ӢĶҶģʦ˵ʲôѡ
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Ҷһָһ̴֣һ׹ŹԵǳҹ书ϵĻӦһӲ
˵˴ҶͻȻЦ㿴̨ȭʺͽְɣ
ҶĽ֣Ӣһ㶣ȴû뵽ҶĻͻȻ⣬һŵ˵ͷ
ҶЦЦѾ֪λʦϰʲô˰ɣ
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ĳ̶ֳ˵ԼͿ˹ΪƣֻԼڵ֮ҲǿʢͬʱԼˣȿ˹ǺɵҪѰ졣ȻɫԻһȻתΪôԼ֮Ҳûġ
˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǣ
ҶĵĻش֣Ӣеͷԣֻûü׷ʣҶľֱӸ˴𰸣ȻȭʣҲ֪ʲô֣ʲôӡ
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ҶһӿɽҲĿ⿴֣ӢȻں֣ӢһѪ˵ģʱΪʦĴת˼ʶ׼һ֮⣬ҲĥЩ书֮ġмŪ˲书еģС˵еģǾȻҲ֮һ
˻ֹ֣סҪ˵֣ӢҶļµ뵽ĵڶ취ȥȡһ壬ʹﵽ൱ǿһ̶ȣֻƾܺн磡
Ҫһ㣬֣Ӣһⶼ޷֮˾֮Լ壬ֻҪСɣôͲٱԼ֮˵ͬʱܹʹǹɻܣҶٶһЩŪôһɽկĲSĵˣ
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˵ʱ֣ӢѾĶˣҲǿģȻøţ˵ǲܵģԭֻ70%Ҿܴ춼ǻ棬ЧҶġӵ˳ֻҪˣܹɣҲǿн紴һͷ
ӦҶֱӿڽһˮҲĪҪ˵̫磬ĺô㶼֪ˣһҪ˵Щ
ĻȻǺѾ̶ˣҲ˵չǰѾסˡ֣Ӣ˼ܹ֮ԺЩֱȼ绹ãǲܡ
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ҶԶ֣ӢҲôԶֱӾЦŵ̫ңԶˣҷ֮󾿾ǸʲôӶ֪Щʲô
Ҷһ㶣漴˹ǰЩʲôµ鶼ûأ˵ӣҲûľ磬ȴɽ֮£ǲеøԶˣ
룬ЩԼʼδ֣治ԾľеԴܾסԼ̫ãȴԼҲһǸɡѣ
˵ǣôԶʲôȻѾ˾ΪʦվͽǾķŴ㣡˵գͽ˵֣Ӣ֪Ҷĸеǣڵ죬֣Ӣ˾
ҶıȽ֣Ӣ˦һŻ棬滹һɤӣɪСӻǰķ˿


054 
֣ӢĹ㶨֮ҶֱֶһõļսȻ֣ӢʵĿǰ˵ʲôԺ
Ҷ°ͺǵ⣬Ϊ֮ԭ֣ӢھһԴһֻ֮ͣҪ֤֮᲻ͣıһʱﻹҪ֤֣ӢĻʳܹϡ
֣Ӣһ󸻺ʦΪԼԲǡ
ͬʱҲڸտʼһʱ֣Ӣȵ屻Ĳ֮ͻ󽵵ͣȻľͻ˻һϴܡ
ʦⶫ֮󣬻᲻һУ
Ҷ룬ԭǸӣҲܹ¶ļ¼⹦֮벻жܣҲɡҾÿԱȽϴ󣡡
ʵɫĿ˹С䴿үǵӣΪ׹ʡǸҶĿʼ˻챦Լˡ
֣ӢͷǰҲԼһ׳ļ⣬ûȽϷ˵ۣû뵽Լϣ֮󣬷пܳΪһˡ
յĵӣҶĽĿתصǰĿϣѾͷȻܵŷˣȻ˵Լĸ磬ҶȴѾͷĿľԲô򵥡
֪ĿĲô򵥣ø㵽ʲôģҪҿɲһȥ
ĿһƺҪҸʵĵƣϧ߻վŵļ˶һӪԼĸͱҶ֧˱𴦣ȥֻʵʵ˵Լ⡣
ر¼ӦСĳԱ
ʲôҶĿû˵ʲôر¼ӦС飬ܿ򵥵Ļش˹
ǵȺװ
Ŷ㱻յǸˣ
˵ͷ
뵽֯׹ԶΪôãϡŹֵԼЩֻڴ˵еﾹȻʵڵġ
ͬʱԼͬǴ඼һ֮࣬ͨ˼ûκ֮ء
˾ѡһǽƳ켼죬ʽȴ֤һɹ൱ļʻһԴµĿôѡͬ⣿ǳɴľܾˡ
һѡͬôãǽϸѵΪһеľӢǸ䱸һϵи߿ƼƷӵпЩһĴﲢһõѡǰ֯ʧȥһɫǱսԱɼЩʱ򣬵Ƽǲռ˵ġ
ô֮ԼҪô취ɳԽĴڣҪôǳΪһֻһЩƼƷˣЩСֶεڻҡûڻңʱۿڲԱǸ˲ܹóعİťΪ˱֤֯ԡ
гһҲΪһ棬ʱǸصĶˣǸȴ˵Ѿ˼ˣǸԼĸûгΪħԼΪ˳һڵˡ
ԡѧ
Ҷû뵽Ȼô飬ͬʱҲû뵽ȻսǸ֯
ƺҶʲôε̾˿Ҫô룬ҪôĨȥԡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷûϾ򵥵˵ǿ֪̫ˣǸܷ֯һһΣҪôƿԼҪôҲǹǵҶߵǸ֯ŽһûʲôϡŮԱ˽ȥĻɵǸʵѡ
ƺҶûʲôϵɣ
ѧҾһҪ𣿡
ɽɵҲ۷һɣɲʲôѰɣΪʲôè԰ʦģ
磬ɽɵû¶ҶѡͽܵʱҲ޵ġ
µ⼸ΪԲȻֻɫ͵һȽϺõĵطٶǻ൱ֲ
˹Ϊźڰ˳ĵο˹Ҳ⼸һֱŬУͬʱĲʵսϿҪǿ࣬ʵ׵ԣǿ϶Ϳ˹һȥѪʲôĶһͽƶˡ
µ֣ӢҲ֮ʣһɣϵܹıֲҶ׼ʱ򣬽㲻崫ڸֻҪܹգԱԼǿĵҲܹӦԡ
Ҳ˵֮нۻᣬ˶ǿԴĳȥõĳֵӣ
ΪԼʲôرĵطֵҽսŵУ
ڳʱڸоɽֵϣǽԼ֮صӣȻ϶ҶĺǹĵٶУɽʲôģûȻһСС뷨
Ҳ˵ȻҶģǶɽɿɾû̫ˡǱӾʿ¼ѩɽҲǺӶࡣ
ҶĽ⻰һ˵˶оһŴӵеϣһòй൱ɲŻӵеĸо
֣ҶǰƣɽɶȻҲʢһʱɣĴĪɽɴڵʱҪĻҪã
תһ룬ǰЩҶĲ˵ɽɴеȫ̵ͳĻʱӦòܳôףԼɲӦһضûвŶԡ
ĬˣҲ֪ôشҶ⣬ֻĬȻ֯н˳һѵѰʿܹԸԼ֪ԼЩһȣʲôҲǣҶĵһָͷܹӦˡ
ҶʹЩֶȻûȫҲ֪˸ǶеһǰһͨСԱɱԣ
˵ҶĵüͷȴĸʲǷҲΪֻҪ̽̽ˣͬʱҲһɽɵĵλϡһ仰ÿͷķӦĻҪ⡣
Ѱ˼ǿ˵ͷҲͿ˳ȽΪӣȻپڹϵӡ
Ҳա
һԼĶûУôɾ͡ҶҲ˷ʱˣҲûгѣȹƬ̿ɲϳת뿪ˡ
ҶĻصڵʱǡÿ˹ѾͿ˹˸ƣֱӾͽ鷿
ûΪӣǲǾе㲻
˹ҡҡͷҲһ㲻ÿֻףղ˼ҵ飬ҲûбﲻʸԼ˾ȻģҪģܰѱ˶Լõ˼ҵ񣬱Ͼ˭ҲǷ˭ġ
Ҷļ˹ͱͨйؼҲû˵£ʵŷǱôˣ
е仯µϢѪ廹ˣ¹У͢Ѿɳʥʿǰ¹ͬʱһЩҲ¹
ˡ
ţʦ֮⣬һЩձˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲóˣȻ¹ܣ¼Ľڵ¹ˣӾʿʱʲô
ֻڱţǸŮ˻ǸѣʱʱܣӢصȡϵ
ҶüëһЩ鱱ӾʿɶûкԼ˵˿û͸¶ڷ磬ȻľͺӢȡϵпܴʲôЭ顣
ȻǲԸ˵ҲͲǣֻΪ죬ڼҪСһЩˣ뱱Ӿʿһ֮ʲôҲ˵ֻȥͺã
ҶֻæģҲ϶κ鶼ôģֻҪȷԼ޺Ҳˡ
ǣĻô˳
Ҷĵһ˲һ¹ûü̾ͷ˱ʡ
һ˰ϰţǼŵʱҶͻȻֵ˲Ծһ·ɻ;һֱŤĸоֻһֱ޷֣ڡ
ȵȡе㲻Ծ
ͣ˽Ųͬʱ׺Ϳ˹һǰһڿ˼ƣԼҲңӷͳ˷
һ˵Ҳ࣬˵Ҳ٣㶯˵ܶ˵ĺԼΧۣǷԼͣڿ˼֮Χ˺ûһǰߡ
ĿҲֲԾˣһȺ˺һ
ô£
Ҷ˫Ŀһɨ֮󣬷˲һȺãһ֮Ҷ˾ָ⣬ȻϹ˸ָǰ˶֮һ㣬ֻϹⱬͻȻһɫĳһۡ
ȵһ֮˻ͷƣղǾۼ˵ĳڴžȻʧǿͨû˶ӰǴҲûӰӣһǽڡ
⣬Ȼݽ˻У
Ӿʿڳ˾ḻģҶȻ˸ǰͷķɲô˽⣬֪һЩȽѰġʹһĶƽײûȻӦԡ
ܹƳЩ˶һĨӰӣ⼸һֱԵۼ˫Ŀвķ֣Ǹ󣬾˻Ҳֲʵʲô
Ӿʿȴͬ꣬Ҳ֪˶֮ķȻûײϾнҲв˾޻󷨵ĸˣԼ˵ҲҪѧϰһ£˵ʱ޲ߡ
±Ӿʿɳһգ۵ĹȻ˵⣬ֱ˸ȴǰѰ֮ǰ㣬󷨵İŶںη
һ˵н󷨶ϵֻҪ̽ڣôƽҲǲܡ
֮̽󣬰˵⾹Ȼһţת۾ûӰӡһʯͷҽһ൱һȻЩˮǺܿʯͷͳȫƲˮС
ӾʿɫĸѿֻǸоһֱ֮Ӿ˵ǻĵĻ󣡡
⻰һ鷳̶ȿɾҪˡ
ǻó˻Ϊͬ˲ҵޣֲ˺û󽫼סһҲˡ
ҪĻǾһݵľˡ
жϳĹ𣿡
ⷽҶĿ㲻óΨһܹ˵һҲֻбӾʿˣֻӾʿüͷ͵СӵĻ˵СӺϲǵЩеʵиŪǸɾ鷳ˣ
⻰һѺ֣ӢɫеѿƵҶĺƣ׷˾䣺ʲô
֣ӢӹĵʦҲãЩ˼ǳƪƷųǻ𱬣ǰв˳ǵ˳˲ٿ
Ҷɫ÷ǳŹ֣һ䣺˸ɽկ̵Ĳֻһ


055 ɱ
ɽկרͬҲҶĵȨοܶණķ˿źΪСʱ򿴹һƬһһķ
üɵĵҲΪʮǰһС˵˫ڶüʹ۫ûһҲаʮ
ȻɽկãΪξɽկã
ֻǰҶĺЩ˽ӴԸͲֱ֪ҪɽկЩҲǲ˵ġ
Ȼ֣Ӣûȥ˵ԼʲôУ»ܹµġڴԽ֮ǰҲþйصĲôиҪʩţʩҲ̣ΪԼһС
Ļֻһˡ
ûĸһ۾ǺɫİʱͻȻһֶ۾Ҳиıͫɫõ͡
һΧһԲȦ˻ʱ͵ϮþһҪĵطǣ˵ҪۼһܹһֱһģͻȻԼΧĻʼˮ㵴ǰľͻȻöֲʵ¾Ե˶кԶľһ
ɶ񣬿ҪǷɢ
ҶҲȥԽԽüͷһ˫ĿоȻɫ⣬֮ˮ㵴ĻȻƽ
˵˵ҶĿܹ󣬶Ҷȫ֮˫ĿЩ룬ʵһ֡
תͷҶľȵķ־ôƬ̵Ĺ˾Ȼɢ˿ѾԼȻϰ֮Զ뻹ڲϵӡ
Ҷͷһֻһ֮֮ôԼߡ
ˮ㵴ĲƾͺȻ󴸴еĲһžһƬΧĻֱǰģ
һƣŷּ˾Ȼɢ俪˺֮䶼Զһʱ֮ҲԾۼһ
һȻһۼ
ҶĿ̿ڴһɤӣϣ˲ҪңȴԼû˵ֻ꣬׵ͻȻҹе£Ȼȴޱ
ʱʱҲ˹һżҲͿ˹һȥŷ޴ʲôΣʱ̵ҲǺ޻ֻ֮ǸоԼ󲻶Ծ̾ͱ׶Ҳתһȭ
ſϻһɤӣ͸
һ¾ȻһٶȺȥƶ˼֣Ҳ֪ڹһɤӾһ»Ϊûϵ׾ȻԼ͵Ϯͬʱܹ
һ죬ǰŰ׶ȭͷǡһѩһһ¶ϵʹȭһ϶µ˫ȫʱԳװ׶ľˡ
׶ܹʹٶԼӦܹԼγһƻһĶȻȭͷӲȴû˶ˣ
׻ô󵨵ȭͷӲƴΪһǸعս׶ֵܹסӵĹŸţȻԼȭͷȥ͵Ӳƴ
֪Լ³ȴȭͷԼӲǵ⣬Ҫ˳һϣǰڹƬһ֮ȻһǳƵ죬ӵϴķЩղסԼ
ڹȭͷȻµУ
˼תͻȻûͺֵʱͻأûκס
ʧһ˲䣬׵ĲȭҲϧ˿ʲôҲûװ˷˺ôȴֻԼڿתһȦˡ
䵽֮׻ͷգǸһôͻȻʧˣʱǸһ£ֳձļһﾹȻ֣г̵ֱļƣֱȡ׺ġ
ףǰˣ
ʱٺʲôСǸûã˹ڵһʱֱӺӦôͬʱ̶𣬴󺰵ͬʱֱӷһǲȭǸ˵Ĳ棬ȴҪò޷ס
˹ĶҪ׸λֻ࣬ǰ׶۷壬˹ȴ̶۷壬ԼѾ˺춷硣
ȫһĲȭƲٶҲǼ죬ǲź꣬ǲȭѾɵǺ˵ࡣ
ʱǰˣǺ˵ֱֻ̣ǶٻԼһСС˿ڣֻƤˣ²Ҳû¡
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ɶ񣡡
ʱҲһ̧֣һֱеĶͻȻ˺ö࣬һһķǰ
ⲻǡ
Ҷһ͇̾ˣⲻǰǲųĵӰĶϸ룬ڵӰⶫɵķ½֣ʹ֮ȷҪѰķɽ˧࣬û뵽Ѿôһɽկ
ǰΪһС˵¶üɵĵʮϲŪһ֮۫ķɽԼķɽǰǲӰӳ֮Լ̾ʶһ׬ǮĻᣬɽկȴۣѵ½־ʱġ
Ľ׷ʽ඼ΪںҪͣߣҲֵƳɵķȡԴһߴ취ȡԴһԼʵͬʱܹɽõĹϵҲܹһԭ
½ȻֻǸɽկǲģ˱ӵзɽĹ֮⣬滹һķҹֻܹܹ֮֮õĺپˣҲܸⷨ
ʱȫ½ವһֱǺˣȴû뵽һ֣ԺȻҲһˣҲһֱȡԺ
ѵͷƣ
Ӿʿһɫǹ⣬һƣɳȻһ貵ֱǺˡ
һҲɳһãٶҪԼ񵶿࣬ȻҲҪ࣬רžʱʹõҲ˸֣ǹ⡣
ֻǹ˲ȻǺ˵Դ룬һɳ˼״ĵ˶Ȼǻˡ
ҶȴǹһһȻûдѪҺҸҪǺ˾Ȼ˿ûܵӰģгɻһҫĿĵֱȡѡ
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ɶҪǮûս֣ܽһң
ﰵֹȴҲһߴæһߴӷȡҩһȻǻȪˮ㹾ðŵѪͱֹסרӦֹѪҩ
Щƺܶ࣬Ƕһգۼ飬ʱ˹ǱĲȭûȫɢͬʱ˹ҲǰļֱǸˣѾˣһ˲һ
ҶȻȴûг֣ΪоԼʲôסˣֻҪһǸ̾ͻᷢĹ
ָоҲԼôָоԴг֮ԼĸоͱԽˡ
ȥǲǾͳʥʿˣյ߸ǲ
һΧĻƺǸͨĻ֪ЩҲһƬðˣþеһоǰնԷʩߵԸɡ
ȴ֪þܲܶסҵ򽣾
Ѱ˼ҪҪǿӲֶνһжȥʱҶͻȻһ졣ʮֹ죬ںԶĵطֺԼĶߡ
Ҳ̫İǹеʱҶļǵһʱǺͻȻһƬƬѤõɫǹ⣬ΧҶγһĳӡ
Ǻһ֮ȴˣǺӵкһɿµӲͣת
һҲǺӹиһУǺǺ߶תԻס֮⣬ǺӵҲγһǿֻҪһкϣᱻ
ҶһвһʹͿһâǻԼߵɫǺӵУŹâǺӵתĹâԽ΢¶˱塣
Ҳ̫ײˣȻǷӵ
ǿ׺ĵͷҶıһû뵽˾ȻôײеļһԸһǶڰоѻ
ðǷɻ̹˰
аһͬʱϲԾͶ˼ȻĽǳĵͷһСͭ򡪡Զľѻֿ㾰ԽһĭԲܱһ
ʱҶĽƬͭһ̷ŵҪ̽˾ʲôλãһ̽⣬Ǹѻûҵȴоǿ
۾طһƣҶһ̧֣ԾȻԳɽɽȴͬȽҶĸոɽʱķɽǸӲʵ壬ֻҪһ֪ۼɵĶ
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ҶĸԶһڣռͻȻһŤʦ۵˳һϲһɫɽĵ˾䣺ʺ浹ùȻǸƤӴˡ
󼸸ʦģ˶ԳΣһһЦģ˵ķʦûã»ˣֱǸǶˡ
Ҫɫ֮ͬſھ뷴ϲ׼ڣϵķɽȻһ󶶶̾͸оɽ̺ƺҪá졭
û˵ɫ̱ըǿĳ̾ͽʦըһ̯⣬籡ǽͽ⼸Ӧķʦ̳ɸӣܿ˾ͶһƬƬ⣬໥Ҳѷֱ˴ˡ
ҶվԭЦһ£һ䣺СҲ˲񣿡
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ȴҶ⼸ɽһֻҪͻȻܵԶԶĵطôɿԲǼɽըųޱ߽֪˶ٱˣȻϤĺܡ
ֿԼŻвϵתͬʱΧҶתͣƱҶĲݵżĲˡ
ǳߣǾѻ֣Ƿʦ顭
þҵʩߣУ


056 򽣳
תǺĻҶĵľ˦˳ȥһֻ뵽˵ŽɵлתԲϲʹģֻȾŽǰ磬Ҷһ־Եе裬ŻеĴ·Ȼûдеƫ
ٻ½֮Ǹ˾룬ֻǽֲִٵһ㣬ûбҶ˦ĻС
ȻҲû˵ʲôΪȻԵеǱͬʱҲǸûͻȻԼĺ˸ˡ
ţ֣һﲻǴ򲻵𣿡
ղűӾʿǹ˵ԴȡһȴûвκãͺһӰ֮ϡ
ѶپеëȻֻѰĹ˲һҶ˦Ļȴ˱ܣɼһҲʲôҲ¡
ֻҪ㺦£Ǿͺðˣ
½̺ɢһ͵¹⣬ͬʱñȽϽļһ΢ĸо
½ɫȻֻǸɽկΪбȽϿõĵӣʹõķȻǴƷʱȫԼķѰ̾͵Ѱ˼·ˡ
ǺҲĿ¶֮ɫֻ뵽ԼлþȺ˲ǱеķʹٶֶΣҲӲһʵµʲô
뵽˴ǰԾڳ嵽һʱͻȻʧ½׼΢һ㶣漴תһӣǻûüɳ½־õָһ͵նȥһƬĿĵ¹⣬һһ졣
СӾͻ͵Ϯ
ŭһҲȺһûԸΪѣǲСĽ˲ͻᶪ
ĿĹˣֿ˹ҲǰǸ˸סͬʱֹǵİȫ⣬׸𱣻˹Ǹһս
֣ӢϤƺҲѧʲô¶ܻʹҪǰǿ࣬ЩǸҶǰ¿ȷѧ˺ù򣬴ʱȻûʲô֣ҲûʲôΣաȻҲȺһｫҪעԼйء
ͬʦôʱҲԼķһʮһкǧûʲôϡнкܶ˶ͬʱʮȴҲѼѵõǽһʮһкǧݵ֮䶼ԳټѰʿȴҲ˲
ʱʮŷ׵ӽ价м䣬Լγһ׹ϣһʱᾹȻûȥˡΪǷƬ̼ܹƵˣʵҲ̫ǿҪǷӦԣʰ
⵽صչ˵ģһǱӾʿһԼǸҶǰԵúɣ˸ղܵһ¹֮⣬Ȼûȥǣ
ֻⶼѵĸоҶȴԲͬѵжϣʱվԭزΪоԼѾ˶ˣǼƸĸоʱܹ
ԼԣɫĽ⣬ҲƣֻҪκ˳ǰܹڵһʱ䷢
֮⣬ҶıҲǹȫͣζҲڹ۲ΧֻҪ״ȫ̵ʱ佫ѵӭ̬۶ԷʲôʽſӦ
ǹеǷ
Ѱ˼ţֻ෽ĿռͻȻһŤһзҶֻüͷһ͵˺˲䱬ǿĽĲ棬һŻ⻹ûȫչ¶Լ׳̬ͱĽ˸䣬˲ڿռɢΡ
ǽǹĿռ䲨ʧҶĵһһѤõɫ켣֮⣬ûκ״
һ˵һȴûκЧκʱ򶼻е񣬶ԷƺҲǴ⣬ҶעԼĲ෽ʱһӰҶĵϷǰһһɫеձǻһĿĹâͷն
˻ҶǺһֻԼһҪնԷͷ­ˣҶŵǺҲûа㷴Ӧ°ϲֻҶǷӦ˷Ǳˡ
ϧͷû£˾ͷԼгȻѴԼ˶ƶ˿һ
ŵ˫޷նȥһеĲͨԵе۵ָ
Ҷ˫ָס͵Ϯ֮˵ĳƾǵ˿˶ڰϣ˫֮ûУȥȴòԵúǸЦ
˹˫̲һȻһֱ֮ҶĿڣע㲻һ㣬ҲҪһŰҶҲܱҶɿָ
ȴҶɲ˫ָųɿ㣬ȻһģǿѰһĶȴһĪΣУֻԼ㿪ĻԼ˫ȿܾҪˡ
뵽˴΢һšҶĿڵ˫ͻȻת˷˽ųΪ֧һתҶ⿴һơ
Ŷеŵ
Ҷû뵽˾ȻܹԼһƵеľȷжϡǶ˵Ҳ΢еˣ谭ĶһȻûĵֲǲܱУ˻ץų֣Ǿʹ˵ľɺܽҶֱһתĻһֱӱΪǰĳһʵˣ˱ɡ
ʵҶһʼϵ͵Ϯû湥ɽӦвҪտļƲߣȼƲʵйԡֻԼųȥģܽһ
ʱָסԷҲΪܹԼУǺһһ׽ټҪԸ̫鷳ˡ
˼ҶһԼҲһسȻһ֮£е벻Ⱥʿʲôʱôóˣֻ֮ȴɲࡣ
ɿ˫֣˶ͬʱƺֹʲô֮ҶָŵĳȻ͵ѿһƬƬꡣ
ǡӣ
ɫĻҶ΢΢е㵣ȷûϵⳤ仯ֻɫͱеŹ֣вǡ
ǺͻȻһЦǾҶǱˣΪֻһ˲䣬ǱɢķɫͽҶĸΧ˵Уľ飬ûܹܵסĹ
ֻЦһһɣͬſͻȻճȭͷ컨Ƶ˺һͻȻҶĳ˹
ĻȻײһȻһƵ֮˶Խתͷ˹
Ǿֻһŷɫۼһ򣬶ӦվҶȴӰһ档
Ǻ˼״ЦȴͻȻԼһۣͷֻһ͸ɫ⻪ĳԼ˳ǳһ𣬾ȻԼĸֱӴǽµĽûκ谭ĽԼ˸ͨ͸
⡭ǡ
ʱһʼԼķɽһֱûɽлأ˴һԼȻҲ˻бɽΪԼѾǸʿɵˣôɽԼ
ǲ̧ͷȴ˸еֵһĻֻһƬƬɫתȻתȻۼһţ¶Ƿɫµ龰Ҷмվԭ˫Ȼ´ҲûڳʲôơƵǺӾȴתͣͬʱǾеԼЩɫУתĻԽԽࡣ
Ҷ֣һѻ걻Լ£һΪʵķɫԲ򣬴ʱԼš
һ΢ĩ֮ʲôõģ
Ҷ˵ҲٿǺˣȻҲʲôȻ͵ı貽⣬ֻһŵɫâ֮Ǹ͵ϮҶĵĺ˾ôӰ˺ƾһ
ʵҲǲ࣬ҶıͬʱõϼľĽ⽫նһƬ֮ȵõϼֱӽЩƬյҶûʣ¡ҶĹս챦ýӳ֮󣬱Ĳ˵ʬ𼣵ıȴԽˡ
ҶԼãأҲԺڷضҪʲôˣ
¾Ͱƽһ͵Ϯ֮ˣ˿ҶĵĿⶼе仯
ǻǵ޲ߣλǰѾɵһˣʵϸɵֻϢԶлţǶãȲǳֱ۵ĸҶĵĲ྿ж
⻹㣬ҶĶǸе塣
ȴҶļ㶨͵Ϯ֮ˣסЩڰļһʱһᣬȫֻɫڲֹһͳҶԡ
ʲôǰȻֻһɽ
ҶľվԭߵķɽȴһһӣʱֻǸеȣųԽԽ࣬˼⾰Ȼ˵
ֻƬ̹ҶѾΧŶʮ⻹꣬ǳһһӣÿൽҶһȦ֮ôͻڸλֳһȻΧһȦӣֻƬ̵ĹҶ߾Χ˲Ȧͬʱֻһ㡣
˱㾰󺧵ò֪ǺãǣЩǱŵҲʲôƵأһͷģļһɴ˫ۣһܣһʿôͬʱôɽ
ǶԶʿȽϤģԱǸǰ˵ļһǵɴ˫ۣһϵ۵ģ˾Բݶٱ
ղҲҶʹеģйһɽܺͻҲ˶٣ʱһƬķɽǲǴ˿ԷϰöͬʱĿֲ
Ŷϵۣһжǻþɣ
ϧҶȻþУʹóȴԲǻþʱ򽣾һǾޱȣҶȴôȺ˵뷨ֻһΧѾֲָ࣬һ㡣
Χŵ೤ͬʱ貽⣬յУֻһƬն೤Ľ⼸Ϊһ壬ȻĺԶȴҲܹĸоһѳĽǶôǿᡣ
ʱѻǵˣҲҶĵǼλӣԴΨһͷǣϣһѳҪԼ
Ȼûһܹ룬ÿ˶Ǳ֮Ψֲ
Ҷȴ֪ЩһҪ⣬һѽӦùʲôط
һͻȻǸӦǳڣȴ˸ǽ֮ͻȻⱾǳڵĵطͻȻǽڣǱܵľ;·ͨȻ⻷ǶǰҪţý󣬿ͻȻ仯ĵطҲ֤ǻþеĹؼֻ֮ҪԼ򽣾˴˴ܹԵ棬⻷
뵽˴ҶĲٳɣڿһתǿĽȻֻаȴǧƣֱǸǽڶȥ
ֻһ¡¡죬ǱӦǸǽ̳֮ǲͣЪĺ¡¡죬ֻÿһԼĵ׶һ󷢲
Щ֮˿㾰Ҳ亹ֱһûкԼϣҲЩ˼ƵǻʱӦ쿼ԼӦô죿


057 
ΧһƺʼǺѰûʲôĽıվеȴоԴһѣȵ۾֮˾ȻֻǸոմӷɻгΧҲ½½ŵĳ˿͡
˻࿴һۣѼɴ˿ڣֻǱΧڵУû˵ע⡣
ǡ
ҶĴһʼ۲һб仯޷ľһ㱣ٻعʱѾˡ
תͷѼϵ˿֮Ҷһͫ͵һ
ѵþĲǵľ񣿡
ΪԼ˲Ǿһþ磬ﱻɵĻҲǾȻϵֲһ״̬
Ӧ嶼ק˻þУĻôֿҪԼԤĻҪѲĶ࣡
ĿζƬ̣ҶͻȻֵ״ǾǱӾʿȻ˿ûκζվͺһһ㣬Բ˫Ŀ˶ûа
ӡ
Ҷһ˶״תͷһƣֻӾʿ˫ֲڿ㶵Уվﲻ죬ͬʱ˫Ŀ͡
⣡ѵӾʿڻþ˰㣿
ʱȴ޷ϸ飬ΪΧ˶ӣв֪Ǳĵ˻Ҫ鲻Ǽ鱱ӵ뿪ȻҸȫĵط鿴
Ͻ뿪
һȺ˾һǱĪĸ˻þУ͵ϮˣӾʿҲ
ʹҶʹ򽣾ǿ̬ǻʵ˸˵
һ˴æ뿪˻Ѽϵ˺ԼӾʿֵҲһЩ˵ע⣬ΪҶһȺɫҴңҲûΧһ˻İԱҲ޷Щ谭
ֻҪ΢ǱзǾͿ֪뿪
Ҷĵ˴ͨߵʧ뿪˻ͬʱô۵˾ۼһĿҶĵһȥ
һŮԼ۾ָķ϶вͣѪ£ҧƺߣΧվżˣһͷŮһۺ󣬿ʵΣС裿
ǸΪСŮҧҧҵĻþǿƿƽһʱҶһˣǸ˵ʵʵֲ̫ˣһǵһܹôǿӲķʽƽһþˣ
ǰ˵ӵǸ˾˵һɵţ֪˼꣬ŪǧҲпܣڻʿӦ൱ߵȵĴڣܹĻþҲ⣬ֻû뵽Ȼķʽ
Ҷķʽ̫ĳ콣ֱҽӲǻþĳ̫ˣҪҶʹһ֮ɫ䣬ͶҲԵüΪɼһж˵û̫ĸҲζһǿʹõġ
ĵ̫ˡ
뵽ʽǳԼԼٶ༸ҲõģҾԵȫʬԼǸһɽʱȫʬԳɰǧɽ»
֮⣬Ա߻վżŷˣһڽԼǱ۵ķľѻǹ⿪ȻһһսӵУڼʲôҲû˵ʱʱָΪѵһòסϸڶ¶˵Ҳϱֳǰƽ
ǰǸ˵һۣһ䣺СķȻתһһֱԼ˶ǱڿڵĶе˵˾䣺£ҲƼˣҪ˵鷳֮ЭҪһˡ
Ǹ΢΢̧ͷ¶ǼӰеӣǹ͸¶űɫâͫ׸һҶڴˣϳ˵ļһﾹȻǱѪԪ
ԪɫҲԵúϾҲûϵʲɽҶľȻǿᣬȻһųϰٱɽȫƾǿޱȵǻþơ
þ֮ǿᾫԪҲۼʶȻþҪԼҲ֪þǳǿᣬҪƵ֮¡еõйĵΪѶԸֻҪһ֪ܽͽþС
ҾһȺʦɮµĸⶫںϽ˺ܶϡŹֵĶñѪе̾ľǣⶫȫƾɱڻþ˵ľ׳ⶫкܶ׶ˣԼҲŪһ۾ˡ
ͷʹĻŮӣѪһνĵģθķҪףҶҪĶҲΪƻǼҪ飬ĪΪ̸еô
Цһ£Ѫ治ΪЩһﻹкԼּۻ۵ʸ񣺡ҪôɵҪôɵΨ·
˵ҲЩλӦ˾ôʮֹյУҲӰǸͱѪ潻̸Ӻ޺޵һ䣬ȻԵǸŷ˶һۡ
ֻŷʼ򣺡ÿңΪ·̫󣬶õ̫ˣǾʱ˳ǵж
˵ҲǸӵ֣Լˣʱ򣬲ԳԭЩŷҲȫһ·ģȺ֮󣬻мŷ
һڽԼϵķ£ȻȡһѰ׻ϣʧʦ¾Բܾô˵ʵԤϵҪǿ̫࣬ҪȥһЩ֡
ԱǸͣŪСﲻͣķתһ⣺֮ǰһЭǣ
ǰ˵ͷȻЩ˵ǺһȴҲףʱǱõκΰˡ
ģȺһﶼѰ˼űʵҪǵڻңûôף
ӽٴһжָӣƽԼͷԹöԵ⣬û뵽жһʼҶϳһ
ͷԺõ˶ᶮ÷ףʱ΢һѰ˼Լһʼ˵ĵҪǸʲôѪİٰҲôçײڻһȺˡ
ϮȫûбҪǷɢĿʼʲôʱٳ֣ЧһЩ뵽Էߺޣˣ
ȥٴ鲻ܾôˣʲôðһ֣ô˻عĻȴľԲǼνܿޱȿ־ĳͷ
С裡
ھƵ굱УٴԼֺ˽ȻԸһ֮ĿСŮ뿪ķ䡣
ϧҲҪǸһˣСһֱʲôʲô˲СΪǿŮߣһ⣬Ҳ൱ҪĲƸ׼ʲôʱҪõԼٴ۲ȴҲֻǿŲ֡
˶ǸǿʿһЩϵô˵
ģֻԼܹãǱѾٺõҶһˣȴԱӾʿĿǰһĪչ
Ӿʿͺƻһ㣡֣ӢⲿŹȻʵֻĩǼʶȴΪ㲩˶еͷԵʱ򣬱ֻܹһ㿿׵Ĵ𰸡
ʲôԭģԱӾʿŽ˵ʱԵüһЩһ־ס֣Ӣĸ첲֣ӢѾϰ˾һ¿ܾͰĸ첲ˡʿȻܹżˣѰܱȵģȻҲҪࡣ
֣Ӣüû˵Ҳ֪ļӾʿҲ˵ףǰǷһЩƲ⡣
ʱͼҶȻϸϸĲ鿴˱ӵ壬ֻһֱ˴ȴûﵽʲôæ鿴һ֮Ʋʲô״ϿӾʿʲôⶼûУƫƫһ㣬Ҳ΢ȥĻܱӾʿĻֱȥ
æ˰죬ȴʼûæһͷֻһտӣȻȸԻȥϢȵսѻȥϵŷ޵ɵӣ߰ѱߣ߿ûɵĳڸ˵
ҶҲû˵ʲôȷѾԼ룬๦û棬Ҫ˵ʲôǰ֮Ķ˵ɽɾûоͨ˵֮ˡ
һһĿⶸȻޱһĿ˴˵һ䣺Ȼˣʲôͷ¶βģ
䣬ֻһĴ̨ͻȻԳһŮӵŮֻһt˫͹Ե쾡£һȥԽĿջأͬʱֻһţж̿㣬ס̵ͦķΡ
޳˫ȺڵĳҶĵǰΪŮһĴһԣһȴԼǰҶĵ߸޷ӵİ
˭
һ㣬һ͵ĶݳҶĵߵУҶŮӵĳ󾪵ʲôƵء
˵ûŮŮΣΪŮӵĳ࣬ôôϤ
ϸһƣҶͻȻɫŹֵһ֣֪裿
ŮӺҶĵֹ΢΢ЦЦ֮վҶʩһ񣺡ãҶ

Ҷû˵ΪͻȻðҳĺͲ֪輸һģһŮ˾ʲôģȻԼӦòԼ㻷Ҫǻֵģϵ̫Ʋˡ
ǸŮҲҲҶĵĹ˼һھ͵ǴٴǰҶ̸һЩģģҲûж⣡
ûж⣿
ҶͻȻһЦҲӦȽ۾۾ժ£ʾĳ⣡Ӹղſʼ;е֣ԼԼһֵƺӰԼжϣֵһֱʾԼɣҪţҶĵͻףҲľ˵
ȻԤϣԼ⻰һ˵ŮӹȻɫһ䣬ҶıΪŮ˶Ȼ̷ˣûϵȻֽԼ˫е۾ժ
һѪɫһڵ۾Ҷĵǰ˫֮ͫҶĵ˫ֲԾһڻʩչĻþ𣿡
ǣŮҲϣ󷽷ĳ
ȻѾǵжԵģôĪҪȡһҶ֣ȡԼǰ̬ΪΣ
ֻŮЦŵѾ˵ǴٴǰҶ˵һЩģ
ʲô飿ҶҲܺ棬һȺձ˾ΪʲôͻȻԼ˵ģ
Ҷ֪֪Ŀǰ㱾ԼɣһʮִΣ
ҶƤһϷɣЦŵĪҪΣʲôΣˣѲ˵Լ
ŮҲֻ΢ЦżҶҲ㱾˲ãѾһ鷳Уһʱ˲ͣڰɢһԣ㱻ڷ˼֮ϡ
ʲôԣҶüͷһ壬ȴûϵȻôһ¡
ŮһЦͬʱָһ¶ޱɢķ˿չ¶һ˷˵ŷ޵Ѫ塢˻ǽ͢Ҳ߹неĸʿԼʦԼɮǣҶһϡر
˵ʱҶľ֪ãûʣֻŮ˵ո뵽Ķ˵Ǵ˵еľݶҶУ


058 һ̶ˮ
ҶĲ˵ϵıƺҲûʲô仯ֻȴѾ˼Ҳתͣ
ݶΪݶӣ
ѪƼԼоݶʱ򣬾ǿ֮ԼʵǿᣬµʱͱϼһﺦǾݶȻ䵽Ǹһʱ׹ݶȻһöԲᱻ㿴ء
֮⣬֪Լоݶ˾ֻбѪס˵ӻͲǸʲôҲὫȥôɢԵ˿϶ǱѪˡ
Ҷ̧Ŀ⣬ִһŮˣΪ˸Щ𣿡
Ⱥ˻ôģܹ뵽ĽͣǽڻʱԼʵǸе˾£ԼãʵѾҶĶϵԼ˵УȻ󽫱ǱڰȺһƳ
˵ˣȺûһǰкģǶΪԼȥıڿҶ̸ǱҪʱҲȫԴһºݵġ
Ů˵˵ͷ֮⣬ٴҶҶԸĻǳȫǨӵУ㾡ȫҶŷչɡ
Ҷǹһ˿Ц⣬ֻЦȴļ£ŮҲ֪ҶľηЦܵĸоǼ˵ȥĻܻвõ鷢˱ס˿ڣĿҶġ
µĺô룡
ȺСӵǺܿɽɣȻҲǾݶԵʣȼǮҲȷˡ
ϧҶĶԴǰȤûУɽɵĸȻ磬ȴǵԼĸ룬Բܽܡ
Ҷȥʵ벻ĶˣĿǰŮ˿е֪ѪԼĻ죬ҪԿӺԼ
֮ʲôҲ֪֮ŷ¼Ҫһ㣬ȴǰҲûͷ
Ⱥˣѵŷ޾Ըҵ𣿡
ԼֱߵһΣҶһİһµ⣬ûʲô˵ģȴŮһϢҲᶯ֣
ȻҶǸŮȫŵĽⱾһܲױ˲ϸڣǶһֱȫעҶ˵ȴԼľٶЧ
˳̽һ´޵䡭
˳㡭ҶʵʱͲЦһ£ڲŷȺۼŷޣܴԭΪԼΪǸʲӴޡ
ΪȡҶģŮ漴ͽǴȻҲкܶôǶںܶ˵岢󣬶ҾõҲܹҶŵľݶ
˵ġҶľȻ֪ʲôʱһֱŵľݶУСŮΪһֱ˵ȻûзҶеİξȻڲ֪ŻԭϰĶѾһͳĶߣ
ҶȫԱһУͭҲûʲôϡĵطôȥƺͽֱС̯һЩƷûκ
ǵСתԼѪɫ˫ͫʱܹԼĿ۵С̺ſֲƺסһܹƳ̺޴ѾԼļˡ
΢һĭСͻȻһֳͭǵҶǱһĿ֮͵һ亹˲ͽʪ󱳵tֱĸоʶԼǰŵĿһʵǳֲʿջнϰƺλǵɼĸ֡
нΪڵҲ˽⣬֪Ϊ񻷾ɼʿԼɽŵУǿĵۼǸɾĵطǱľޣƽǺѼġ
ҶĵʵڵɵҲǿߣһҪͼݶԼ̫ˡ
С費Ǵˣܹ˵ӱҴǰ֪֣֤һ㡣
ԭⲻ֪˵֣ҲһšŵĸٷչһЩҲĻָԪֻǰֵһĹɣʱеԪء
ⲻ֪裬һϷеɫҲܵܶ˵ϲ˶ϣԳΪһŮߣö֮Ҳ˵λһҪõ֣ʹõȴֻһСԭֻһͨѧԱڻǰβ֪֮ŵõֵġ
ݣִ˵𣿵Ȼ֮󣬾ûҲòʾˡ
ʱ֪迴ҶģҶĿƺҶϵǸݶжףеĽϡ
ԭҶϡ
ǲ֪𣿡ҶĽеľݶ΢һ㣺ԪǸһѾ˵Ķ˵֪˰ɣ
֪ûиеȣҶܹµϵǱѪԪûʲôϡġΪݶʧǧ꣬˭Ҳ֪ⶫģпһֱҶĵʿ˵һֱǸɽɵС
ϢȻۼҶ̬ɼⶫһֱЯô˭ȻһôܹϢȥȻ֪
Ҷ½ݶסֻһƽƽͭȴͻȻһ΢⻪ҶҲе㾪ȣͷһۣ漴ݶ»ָԭ״ղһжǴһ
ǾôƬ̣ΪͻȻԼⷿоȻ֪ʲôʱǱһǾݶâԼȻֲ
üͷҶһν͵ǵȥ֪ûƳô£ֻͻȻһǳϸСƿ֮ԼбϷĿͻȻһ죬عͷ֮ûƵκζֻƾԼ˫ر˫ۣԼƺʲôӵˡ
ҶĴʱɫȴÿΪղǵ۵νȻûиǸǱļһκ˺⻹ԺҶĵһܱԼǿĸ֡
ǶʿҿƽͣӦаˣȴ֪ɵĸ֡
뵽ĿɣϾɽɲѾɽ˫ѾεչˣҶȴûô򵥡
֪Ȼ׾ʲô飬ԼҲܲµһͷǾͷ׽ŷ̶ˮԽԽԽԽ룬ǽνϵ鵱УҲ֪ǶǴ
ȻΪһߣӦôֻ࣬Ҫ潻ͿԣֻһˣˣĶȽ϶࡭
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ҶĻ˻ֹ֣סĻѾ̸ȥˣյ̸͵Ϊֹȥ˾ҶûκεȤҲǸԪɱ֮ĻǼһԶһ㣡
˵ͻ˻ʾˣȴŮҧҧ촽֮ͻȻ˵ҶԸĻϣ̷
ֻû˵꣬ҶľͲͷĻ˻֣ûȤ
Цһ˵ҪҹôܴӦֲɫжʹŮ˵ȷôɫҲǼãϻǸɫģǵվǵˣΪ¶ԷԼкͺõļ˲ѣҶϿĻǱȽ׵ġ
ȻҲϲŮҲҪֳϵģԽԽ죬ղǵǺηʥҲûͷôҰһܹںöһþеŮ˷ߣ
ȻŮ˵ĻþǽʲôرķŲʹģղűֳʵӦûôǿŶԣҲ˵
Ů˻ǸϽĺã
֪Ҷһͷģ֪ĶԼûȤȻ΢һȴҲе㲻
ֲֻǿ󣬶ҶĶǽȱ£ԼƺҲûʲô壬ȥٴ֪ǸղһĻԽĸɵ󲻵á
֮⣬֪軹һЩҪ˵ˣҶиʧȥ֪ƻԲѡ
ҶĿһŮ˵ʲôղʵҲŮ˾ڱӾʿʲôֽţʼûҵʵҪǴʱ˵Щ͵ʾˣһֱûпڡ
ȴûϵŮ˾Ȼ⵵飬Ī׵׵ģ
ǲ֪ĻȴҶĺ𾪣ȴΪŮ˵Ȼô£ԲֽšΪǻ޷֪֮ӣ
˭ģҶĵɫԽԽѿʱҲƽˣΪԴӽ˱ӵ֮ԼͺһͷУΧƲС
֪¶һЦݣҪԼ֪ˣ
˵һԾȵҶߵȥʱȴŮ˵Ӱסڶʮ㣬ôʱ䶼ˤȥġ
顭ԽԽȤˡ
Ҷɵ˴֮ϣԴԼ֣һһķŽյõϢ
˵ʵĸӳ̶ȳԼ󣬶ҪԼڲ֪гΪеģ񶼼Լϡ
ӾʿİݷԼ롣
ɵʾã
޵ĶʧͻȻ
ƴ޵αƷʿԼѪ塣
Ӿʿ˯ȴԼΪһ䣺ҪԼˡһԡ
Լǵ֪Ժ˵Ŀ
˸̫ײˣֲǸĦ˹Ҳǽһ߽Ҹôʲô
ȥԼԴһŽ֮⣬ҶûаջΨһܹ뵽ľǽǴãԼԼɽ̾ͻΪһƬƣֿһۣתͷͱ֡
˵ıˣ
ҶƣڴϴõϼѾ˽ӽɵľ磬õϼ쾧ѾҪʧ׻һųϼ㾢ֻҪǵ쾧ʧͿԿٻһˡ
ԭùһҲνĿǰʵѾ㹻Ϻˡǽǹȴ˾ӣ׹粻ûиֻ֣ǰԼûˡ
ҲҶǰķչƻйأѡķչһֱн֮⣬Ȼ޷Ӵʲô̫ǿˣΪ׽лʿ඼ͨʿɼӾʿֵѾǶĸˡ
ҪһĽӴнĻôˣԼΪܹ֤ǰǰֱײ
ҶĲ֪ʵܹûģûĳʱȫתҶľͽõϼһ㲿ָˡ
ǵ֪ҪãǳʡŵãԲûǿеĳξΪ֮Ҳ˲ôˣԲܹһҹ֮佫õϼɡҲѾӽйأ㲻óôĻҲʮ顣
Ҷһȴ֪ںͬһƵһ䵱УһʿҲ붨˫ۣ߶һ䣺ɽɡǰ˵


059 ݱ
ϵʿӴִԱһʿϽӹһëȻ˲ˣɽʲôã
ʿһ㶣ĵ֮ǰ˵ȴûǸҪʱң
ɹĻش𣺡ʦ棬˵ɽһɣҶƺһϺõķɽȴ֪ʲô֣Ҷʹ򽣾һĻڻþУû˼˲֪
ϵʿüͷֹ񣡲񣡡
ʦ棬˵ʲô񣿡ʿҲ֪ʦ澿ʲô磬˵ʲôҪȥ̽һǸҶĵʵûϵʦڴϱĿûþۣһͷĺˮƺҲԤʾʦ˷̽ô˳
ϵʿȴûᣬֻأҡͷһڽǿᾫͣȻ󣬿һȴôʲ̽ȥȴҶ۵νˣɼҶĽ൱磬ɴ˵ȴ
ЩϵʿȻҲñǸϲֱֳȥˣɽʹáȻҲƵļΪǸϰɱ
ҶĵķɽʲôģûҲۣӦȥɽİɣ
ϵʿɲãҶĵΪµ˵ģķɽŵһʽٽӽ潣ʼҲ潣ʹޱƽޣڱŷǳ޴ġ
ЩɽڲĲ֮أǱûӦĲΣҲǾƲ֪Щģϵʿô֪в
ôҲ벻׹ؼ۵Լۣ鷳µѾķʱðôһȴҲ֪»ǻ£
ϵʿ̾˺һվڴ̨ϣǼǹշǸʿ⣬Ƚĵʿʿ˵ĵλһֵ֪࣬ʱü˳Ŀվҳһڡ
ǰֲƴ֮С̸Ϊ֪΢ĩ֮ȻλģֻܸɰͰ͵ţųһѵʾ
ϵʿһҹգͻȻ˵ܵŷ뽫ں˵ʡѾ̫Ķˡ
ʿֻǵͷӦͣʦҲĪҪ𣬴˷ֺֹ䵱ɳ֣ǻɽǡüĸûɸֹ˵ǰҶѰҴޣǱӾʿǽͷֱߣ涯ֵʱǱ˭Ҫĺݡ
ϵʿԽüͷԽɣȴȰ˵顭ǡ
ʲôϵʿȴû˵ʵΪʱȻ벻ʵĴʻһ˽εΪˡ
ԽԽģǶ磬Ƕôǿ᣿ΪǿᣬһֱʹûΪġ
ŻıǨԽԽѹ⼸Ī˵ͼǧǰȣǺǧǰʱҲһһء
ǵϵһЩһҲǻԴʺǵһŭ֮ɾǱ޵ǰЩǰƴŹ˴˾ƣܾܿһξҵĳͻгΪȥʽ
֮󣬻ĵλ½˺ö࣬͢ٲȻΪеһ磬ŷޣΪ͢һЩ
ȻȺ˾ԲôĵĸʿṩܹľƣҲΪ˫ڰдһЩЭ飬绹Ϊ˸һЩۡ
ֻǾݶ¹شˣȻ˾񣡡
ɾʱҲ˶ľʾԣһҲòϣǲ취ôҪ꣬׽ʿֻܼɾйӲд
ʦ棬ǾݶĪǾŸ񶦣
ݶʣʿЩӲ֪˶ٴΣʵҲ֪ǵ껪ԶʱڴıŪ⾿ǾŸͭÿͭһݣ˵ֻһͭȴݡ
ϵʿʿ̾һݶȻи֣ʵֻһҶеһ
ղţȻܿͱҶķֲˣǻǷҶŵľݶҲȷǸԵȷġ
ȻԵĳǸôıѪԪֻȴɲǲӦ֪ԪûģɻҪЩ顣
ȻҲý֮Ժٲ˶Ҫ۵㣬ԪĿŵȺϼһﲻǹߵα֮
ֻǡ²ϵһ֮Ҫǻϵĺܷ㣡
ڸǿʵǽ֮͢һ͢ȴŷ޻˵ǰ˵棬Ҳǿô罫Ϊ˵¡
ı
Ҽǵô˵Ǿݶѹ֮ȴ֪ǵǶʲôô
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仰ʵԼҲȥˣҲںΪЩνѾ޷Ӱ쵽ˣο˵ҲʵԼȷǸϲ
ݶܹԪԪᴿԪݶ̺пֲݶԴʼ֮Ѿǧ겻̺
ʿһΪǾݶһ羹ȻôķӦ
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ҪԵˣֻһþݶΪʿļƷ˭һôҲΪԼѰԣĶ츣ضͷˣȫԱŶ
ʿı鱻ϵʿһǵϵʿһĺһ£Žع
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ϵʿһʱ䷴ʡҲ˵ͷΪβܽС֪𣿡
ʿһˡʱΪβЩ֪Ϊ˾ԵֵסջǴȥĻҳһţʿΪһݶսһš
Ҳ꣬һֱǱľޣҲȹ̣ȴջʱЩѳֲסʦԣѾʼѰ˼νⱦΪˡ
̣ܽ
ϵʿ̾һʵ⻹ҪģݶԶô٣˵ݶ˿ѹˣ֮⣬Ҳݻءֻһ˭Ҳþʲô˼ܹݻصķһ㣬ܲ͸ڼշҲǲ֮£ϧ
ϧʿе㲻ˣԼʦ澿ϧʲô˵ôǰ֣ǾݶȻܲˣΪҶܹôǰ»ܽݶס
ĻݶΪ˵ĹǴĲаȴʲôϧˣ
ֻϵʿҡͷ̾Ϣ˵һ𾪵ʵݶȻҪı䵱Ĵ󻷾Ǳֻһ취
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һʿĿɿڴȴû뵽ȻһӣһԶȻҪȥ
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ѵǡʿ˹Ҫ䱬ݶѰȻݶȻķҲԶ֮ѰɽëһԾҪһȽǿķ¡
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Ǵޱ˼ʮ꣬㵱׷鲻䣿ϵʿЦһǻҲͺƺһЩ˰ˣЩϲĸãɹΪ֮
ԭǴ޵һֱɵƿصУһֱû׷ز뿴Ǽһ﾿ܹڳһʲôܹо޵ãʱҲ֮
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Ϊݶʾ֮̽һӣҪһȽǿϹŷԤڵļƻǴ޻ˣֱи֮ǲŻôûջأ
ں䱬ݶȻҲǼ򵥵Ľݶȥ֮ǰҪö׼ܹ֤ھݶը̺֮ᱻ˳ƻȥܹɢ
Ҫǣϣݶڱըһ˲ܹĹЧӵ󣬽űըʱĳԪ´ü첻Ԫ±仯㲻ܻصǧǰԣĻҲָܻǧǰĻ
ĻԭһЩݽߵпһǿ籩ˢ»ָָܻܹĸıĻõ»ֱָȽƽ״̬׼һпԶõҲϣֲֲ֮ģƻ̬ľٶ
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ҶҲо˲ֻһΣÿζ޹òκõϢö֮ҲüȥˣǽŪô̶ǳɲƽƽСˡ
ţֻСͻȻųһ⻪âת֮侹ȻƾճɽӾ£Ҷһ֮Ҳ֪ԼʲôȻ
ֱ续һɫȴҶʱǸ⣬רֻɽӡһһҶĵǰ޽ҶĿĺǿģҶĿſţֻϵľԽԽϤȵԼĪСʱ֮󣬻ͻȻһɽɽҶϤ
ǡɽ
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䣬涸ȻһתȻɽ֮£һݵͷһưܵԺ̵ӹǸһͷǸʮҵСŮԵú档
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060 ɽ䵱
ǰĻҶĲϤǸСŮģϡԼʦõӰӣٲȻһСѩ
ѵקĶСӾǱҸǸù
ԽԽΪеǸѾϡ˴˵ģҪҶгɣò仯󣬿Ƕʮͷһ뻭е꼫ΪƣֻкСĲ
⼸ʱڵĵطǡþǺɽɱԺ֮أҲԭɽɵɽڣ
үүĪǾǱʦ
е˼εĿۡҶġȻתָһѩУԼʾ˼¡
˵ʵ⼸ƽƽ棬벻ҶĵֻۣǴʱ˼һһʽʾһȻڡҶġ˵˺ð죬ɼ֮ϸ
ǼˣҶҲһûʲôȤģҡͷԵĲ֪˵ʲôȻүүҲһΣֻҶɽʲ˼ʾĽϰһ飬ֻʹġ
ҲҲн
Ҷһײǽĳ嶯Ȼԭǰ˲ԭĹҲϡƽֻԼôҲƾ񾳽ģĺܲڹ廹ľʡ
һ֪⡮Ҷġǰ书õʲô̶ȣջϵʱҶĵӦԼȥ֮ѩ޼ʱѩ书
ײǽ
ͻȻֱ䣬Զɽŵһ֮ؽΪ˸ɽ壬һŲҶƼɽسǣȻ࣬ҲƵ֣˴䣬ÿ춼ظϵĹ
Ƭ̣ҶͻȻе㻳ǸˣȻϤ磬ķɡ
ϸ룬ҲͲˡ
ΪһЩҶǸķǳ˳ɾӪ֮Ҳûʲô̫鷳⣬ϵʱϵһЩǰԼҲǱȽϺڰаһѣŽɽܹҶִƺ󲻵ʮ꣬ͳΪ˽֪һɡ

Щϼһվһˣ
ЩҪԸԼҲʲô飬ϾɽǸͲȥԼɡ
Ϊҵʵ㲻ǸͲô鷳ֱӾͶˣ
ҶĿѾٴαϡľݶԴ･ԼС֮ʲôϵ
ĪǣǸ֮ͨĹؼ
ʼֻôģڽ֮ԴͻȻһӴ󵨣Ӻ˵Ĳ²⣺Ǹ磬ʵϾݶС
ȻˣԽΪֻܽ·ΪݣΪҪݶ֮򣡡
ݶ֮֮ȻƳ˲¡֮£ݶȻӦ
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ͬʱҲΪҶѾﵽһ۷壬֮գȴһԪϡޱȣҪǸ绹ҪһεˡΪݶеȻԣҲһеС磬ĳ̶ֳ˵ĵȼߣܹɾݶڵҪǶ߼ࡣ
⣬Ǵ˵еɽҶǾǸӸߵȵˣɾ֮ĴڣҶΪһЩƶС磬ֻ΢Ⱦݶ߼һЩҲһЩ
Ϊν֮ȻԼʦСʱ飬ȴҶͻȻ뵽ԼյʱԼָһЩ״ԼصԼԽʮһǰԭΪǾݶ⣬⣬ΪԼָ
ҶָָϴŵԼٻָǸµõıɪ֮䣬ԭѰ˼ŷ޺Բһ뱴ɪ֮صѶϢֻܰ¶һˡ
ʱĻµʱ붦ʱӦϵģҪĻǲǴżԼǰĻҪȵʱߵӦ÷Լ뿪ʱʱ䣬뻹Ҫٵʮꣿ
ɣ
ҡҡͷȲΪһ鷳ǾİԼ²ǰԼе˽ʮ꣬ԼЩͬԼͬŵӶŵĻβܰˡ
ǰûǹصǰ磬˶ӵԼߣֻǰԴ˺ͷò˵չôܽôҪĶˣ
ο뵱Ⱥһûа㽻ԣ˵Щͨͨˣǰǿᣬݻɵˡ
Դˣֻȭͷ
ҶĽݶԼѾ΢ˣԭСʱ򲻹ָСŷܹЯ첻֪Ϊαƻ󣬴ʱ΢һԣԼѾܹ΢Сֻ֮һͷȥݶ±۵СҶ
һУҶıۣɢ˳ȥֻ΢һ̽̾ͷ־ԼͬƵ굱Увǿڡ
ҲǸʱ̽ԼǸˣҶ֮̽Դѻ귨̽һֻ֮һ˲䣬̽ǿпԣ˵ɫ
һʳĽ˲ֱӣҶĹ˶ȻһޣȻ֪ǺźɣüɺɵĿ
һ˵Ϣƽ֮⣬˾ô˶ȻޱȡҲʲô㿴һ˵ʱеһۿȥʱָоһ
ǸҲǿ̽ԼˣҶĻϳΪϳ˵ϢƽͣԼ֣֮֮䲻ֱ˴ˣһ
ҶӡһֹǾ䵱ɵ̫
Ȼ䵱ǷҲǾ̫䵱ɵĿܱȽϴ
䵱Ҳ߶üǸ˳ǻɽɣ𵱳ţɽɵĹصһ˵Ĳͬвͬԣ˷һҶİԻǺȻ
ŹǿԶôһ֮˰˳ɲǱ֮£Ψһ鷳ľǲ֪ǸǶüɵĻɵģ
ǶüɵĻ˵ҶǶüûʲôͻҲ¼ءȺ˶ٶڼҶֲʲôŭԹ֮µĴħͷǴ˷ҲֻΪ˶ݶҪ
ﻹҪıô࣬ʱ׼ҶڣһɱҲˣҶȻԼʵôһֵĻҲûܹȫ˵İա
ǿ̽һ
Ҷ¼һߵһֱûйϵĴԱߡסڶʮ㣬Ӧÿֻǰ֪͵͵Ǳ˽ҶһֱͲ֪ڳƤŮԺҶҲû̫磬ʱǷһЩ
һ̤ϴ̨ҶͻȻЦһ££һȫ˳Ϊڶ쳣еУͺƺҹһ޴ѣ۵Ĳˡ
һƶ̨ϣҲԼͬߵԣֻһƣԼƼƺӳһĨ۵ɫ
ҶҪʲô
һ˴һ׺ƽĳлһڿʲôžʱȴҶĴţվڴһԴʺš
ǻûӳîͼһɫ⻪ǰԶİջһǳɫβǰ֮һתһۣ
Ӽ˾΢һ㶣漴΢΢һЦһȤҲ򿪣Ȼһ˾Ȼ̤֮У̧ͷ˿ǵɫ⻪Զȥ֮תͷһӴпϵʿ
ϵʿһſȻҲ̤ڰգǽȴһ̫ͼתͣһһϵʿ棬ϵʿҲһתͷǴų˶һۣ˿ûжһ䣬΢΢һЦһĶǵɫ⻪ڿնȥ
ҶԼ𽣹ڿն֮󣬾Ʋ֮ϣ۲žƵϿһС
ԼΪ̽鶨ȻǼˣֻǼȴƻ벻һ㣬ҲûκαȽϼҵӦԣֻǴӴгʩչֶκԼ˼ҲԼ̸һ̸
ǸκλӦģҶѰ˼˿Ƕüɵģ²ֱԼ棬ΪڰлڹĶԼΪѣʱԼʲôЭ飬ǲɴܶĺá
ҶΪǲɣΪɵˣԼǵ棬Ի䵱Լɽĸ֣ɵǲûԼΧɱǾ̫׳ˡ
Ѱ˼⵱ҶѾԼջأǰһ㣬ԼջأѾҶĵǰ
ֱʱҶĲ㿴ǱԼԵλǸʲôӡƽƽ棬һ뷢԰׵ϵʿһȻԵе¾ˣȴܸɾ࣬ͬʱҲûκĵط
䵱ʦųݵʿҶĻΪ䵱Щһ˿ܶܵһЩӰ죬ǰλȴҶԼ´ˡ
һһоȻһʲڶ飬Լôһ֣鶼û¾ֱ׷
ɽ˵ģȴе⣬⿪һ䣺ŻɽǴȫͳ¡
Ҳû뵽ԼûҶľ֪Լʦɣ²Ҷĸ߿һЩ΢ЦȻȫͳȴǿµһ޵οȫ̺һҲв˽в־Ҫȡ֮ˡ
ȫ̴֮ʱѡȡ˲ҺͷҾҪȻԵ˼ΪһȽϽӽҵĵӵҲûʲôϡֻΪ˼еԻɽԵҵΪҵΪз˼ĵӡ
ҶıΪɽɼ̳ȫ̵ͳ󣬶ȻԵ˼봫ɣû뵽ǧɽݱѾȽģ
Ƕüве˼롢У;ûɽҲʲôֵˡ
̸⼸ʱҶע⵽ϵʿһֱڲͣĴԼͬʱüͷʱƺʲôԾʱ˿ʲôⱻͨ͸һ㡣
ϵʿʱʲôأϵʿʵҶ֮ʦһϵм⣬Ҷָ㣡
֪ʲô飿
ϵʿ룬ƺӦοڣͻȻƺ˵ףͻȻҶ˸ƣȴ䵱ȭƣͬдʱã
һʿ»ĺ壬Ҷϰ֮ˣβο䵱ɣŸɶƵͬд֮ͬʱá
ʿһƣҶľϰԵĻһ£һֻƶ֮ϣϵʿ˫ŷֿ̫ͼȴһһɽϵʿš
Ҷ˫ȵʿûʲôƾֻ΢΢һ΢̽Ƴһļơ
ϵʿһĵһѵһ


061 ̸
ϵʿȻѾҶĿһҴߣֻֻƾЩǲܹжϡ
䵱ɾ㲻һȻ䵱ɵʿȴҲ䵱ɱڼȭڼȭҲЩ洦䵱ЩǰһЩļܡ
䵱ɵ֮棬ȭֻ棬޶㲻ϣһзྶͥ
ϵʿȻҶ˻Ӧɲҿ϶Ҷޣ̽һͷֻ˲ܵóȷۡ
ҶСˣ
˵ҪǰˣȴŸ׼˾ͼҶ͵һ̧֣һȵȵƣæոľָ˻ȥÿվã϶ҲǵӦֹ֣ܹסΣҶ˵
ֻҶͻȻüͷػشһ¶֮ͻȻʳһѪĻҲжʱˣȴ֪λôƺҪ֣ܵŰɣ
˻һϵʿһΣ˳ڽΧǺǣҶ˵ǣ¶ʧˣ
˵ԵúкΪרҾҪԲŻˣȻҶľ˶ãһ֮ݰҲҪʾһأ˵Լ˵һλá
»ɽż꣡
ƶ䵱ͣ
ҶȺ񣬵ȵ˵ԵĽԼɽҶģ
ʵЩ˵Ҳû£ӸղŵĶԻѾãԼǵ϶ѾˣȻԼ˽˵⣬ǰ˲ٶԼ顣
뵽ɵĹ۸в½࣬ȻҲɵǲûֻԵԼܹҲøˣжɶҲ˼Թ
䵱ɺͻɽɸĹ۸л㲻Ȼ˫ǴڵжԵ˼ҲҲҲûûɵš
˫һϣҶ漴ǽ͵ϵʿ˸ƣɣ
ϵʿҲʩһֱ֮ǰ壬תͣʼսϵʿ֮ϣһ·ڵһ޶˿ʲô״
龰ҶĶǲǽпĵ棬ֻһжϵʿµ֮ʲô̤֮
ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ϵѾ嵽ҶǰһڴӦֶƶ˵ĺˣûȫҶľѾף֪һвӦҪԿ
뵽ּҲʹóƣֻǼ˼ԵĹʲôȫ潣֮ĹҶʹޱȲ·ÿһжʹǡô
һƽϵʿڣ˳˫Ƹϣһһȴ;һ䣬ʹȫ潣еһǽУֱϵʿĲྱһҪǵˣҪϵʿȥ
ȻҶһĵʵˣһԽϵʿ衣ϾҲǺųƼΪ͵Ʒڽʮ֮£ѰĸӲӣ
Ҷ֮Ѱǰһ£ǵʱҪĳһƬ࣬ϵʿȻҲΪտվǾ֮Ҳһǿᣬһ͸ҽҶһˡ
æʹһ̫ȭе֣ҶһƸ⿪ȥһǵҪҶıˡ
ȴҶһ䣬תܹ֮ϵ֮˳ҲǱ˽УָԼԼɼâϵʿޱȵĽƿ֮
ͽַŽ
ϵʿҲʶ֮ˣʱҪںҶӲӲԼ˳ԿԲбĿܣ״֮Ծͬʱ󷨾Լǰһ̫ͼ
ǡڴʱҶ˫ָһ㣬ӦֶϵʿͲԶվŵżֻǿϹһϵʿǰ̫ͼͱ߽⡪ȻܲסҶ
ȻּܷųǿĽ䵱ɵ̫ͼȻмܲס
ż״ҲǴΪԾҶʲôɽƵ͵̫ͼþȣ䵱ŷǿʩչݿ٣֮ʱʵԽǿۻôǿ
ͱϾվõĸַ֣ųĻͼѰ䵱ܹģżԼԼļǼбȽǿķҲƲһеġ
Ҷȴڻּ͵Ļ̫ͼɼ˸ղֵôǿᣬԼһ񣬿һͻᱻҶˡ
޹ȻԵ
żȻͷҲǲֻ̣ǾǱޣɽȻҲûʲôޣֻǴͬԼһЩŵĿ˵һЩ޵顣
ǿᣬͨգֻƾͿЩɽ棬ʱţֻ֮ͬ˵Щп֮ӡ
Ҷ£֪ǷûпֻҶֵžͿһķɽʵʵıУжĻȻһ³
аԾͬʱеĿԵԽأΪҶһϵʿĻ̫ͼ֮󣬲ûֱǰ壬ָʹ˽ʮеһС
⽵ʮ¼յƷҶȻóƷʹҲûƷֻ֮һϣǰ۳һףž޿ų͡
⻹꣬ҶһƲųһƣֻһǰһ󣬺һͣƷɢʵȴѾһ׷ǰǰ󾢣ȴǸʢ˼֡
ֻƾǶͷð֪ײˣȻΪǿᣬΪһʼʹ̽Ҷľǲ޵ͷԼóĴ򶷷ʽ
Ϊƾ䵱˲ҶģҲ˸࣬Ǵûһʹ·Ŀܡʧ̫ˣǰ޵ͣҲ޵Ŀս
Ҷ⼸УȻĳνķʵʵڵ书Щ֮ĲŵһЩˣֻҪ޵һ綼һ㣬ЩҲ޹ϡ
ֻͿ֪ƶȻޱȵǿӲԼ÷һֽš
һߺһ߻Ӷ˫֣ǻ̫ͼһһǰ۶Ȼһһı˺Ƭ
ֻϵı֮£ƾ軤̫ͼģҲǰˣϵʿ״̴ӻȡһӣһкǧ򣬶һֱ֮Ӻһȥ
һ̫ͼ֮Ȼž׻֮⣬ȻһҫҫĿ׻ֱҶĳĺһƾײ˸ʵʵ
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һ죬ƾըףһǾڶ֮ıľԼ磬ڼ仹׹⡣
ֻЩڳ˵κӰ죬Ҷ۾ûգһƣƼһƽƽӴӱըĵطɳȻص͵СһȻҶĵƾһкǧҲܵ˴ˣҪúһá
÷ҶһƾȴͿԸˣ漴£һֱڽŵ׵ȻɳȻڰ۳һ̫ͼģֱǰһƾ
ʱҶƾΪʮ̫ʱѾǿ֮ĩ̬ϵʿ߳Һϳһ̫ͼ֮ҶҲԼҪԷˣԼ¾ͱƵϵʿôǱԷҲһЩ˰ɣ
˼ţ̫ͼȻһӲҶǵƾ̫ͼ⻪ȥ¶䱾ĿȻһơ
Ƴɰ״ȥīۣҶĿǿƺ໨ƣֻǾʲôȴƲС
ϵʿһ֣ǵﱻ˰յ͵ֱ貹⻪ֱǰ̫ͼģȻٿһתϵʿԡ
һϵʿûнƲڽ£ΧԼת˸ͣȻ´ҶģҶŹȻףϵҪ̫ƣѾҶһ˫֮ˣ
ʱȴٲҶǲˣֻҶֲսþͱƵԼǱ˭Ҫ˵ҶĲϵʿһ
ο䵱Ҳ书ҲǱȽ˽ģ䵱ɵĸֶӲסԷȭš
ʹʱüͷ˼ĵҶĵȷһǲӲҲúһǽ֮
뵽˴Ҷͷ̫Ƶת˼Ȧ֮ͽҶһƣ֪ϵʿٶҪԼ̸һ̸
ҶĶԴ˵Ҳų⣬Ϊʵ̫ͷҶĶԺܶ˽⣬ܹڽյ֪飬ܱԼͷҳײĺࡣ
ż꣬ڿ͵Ϊ֮Ͳµ룬Ҳֻ̬һԾվš
ʵڽҲеִɽŴɣ֮£ǿǴɣҪǽϵ̫ȻɾгǼǱС
Ҷţϵ˵Ƚֱʲô֮ҶŲҪ⣡
ϵʿȴǸҶ㹻أҶıҲʲô˵޷
͵˵ͷҶǾݶԻĹϵشϵʿϣҶܹнһ飬Ǿݶó
ţ
ҶĲףԼõݶǻʲôϵˣΪֻΪԼõһرֽסջܳҪԼǿᡣ˺¶һֶΣ֪ɽɺҶĲǺ۸ģȻܹϨͷء
ȴ֮鷳Զݶ뻪ⲻһ޴ĳͻ
ֻϵʿüͷȻҶĽĻҶҲˣһѾĽҪͷ
ЩҶҲ֪ǲԼľݶʲôϵĵһϵʿ˵Ĭźġ
ңнĴڲЩ˻дУҪܹ֤ܹȵϣ
Ҷüͷȴûϵǣô󣬲ϸһ㼴ף粢ûô򵥣ȻҵεǻûУôˡ
뵽ЩȻܹ뵽࣬һΪǰǰǿʢ⼸ȴԽƣԭΪнԽԽ΢Ӱ׽ˡ
˵Ļŷ޽͢˹ЩһʵҪǿĶడ
ǲԼľݶ龿ʲôϵѵ˵ԼӵеȻ磿
˵ʵţȻãҲ쵽̶Ȱɣ
Щ;ݶʲôϵ
ͼҶĲ֪㿪ڵݶдؾ֮湦Ч
Ҷһ漴뵽ԼǰǸΪ棬ĪǾΪھݶԲŻˣ
ѵЩһҪǶȥУݶеƺݲΪ֮˰ɣ
߻ڲ²⣬˵ԣɺͱʦһӣ׼׵֮󽫾ݶ䱬䱬ըһ˲ľ޴´Ԫ
һҶЩˤ䣬˸ǱĿɿڴ


062 һ
ݶ䱬Ȼͨ󷨴̼ݶڱըʱųӴʹɢͬʱ´ԪʹԪĺ»ָһȽϺõ״̬ϡ
һļƻһԲµ뷨
ʵϼ꣬нԼ̸ĻҶĻпܵͷͬ⡣ϾûκλûûеӣûеλʲôûУȫþݶһøЩˣȻȡԼɽĻᡣ
ڡ
Ҷĸոջڲ²ԼǰԽǾݶе磬ԼɽеҲţǺ䱬ˣԼЩأ
Ҷ˽һ㣬ԼЩӺѵµɲѾ˾ݶԼ뿪ݶͬʱص˼֮ǰԭԼӦôԽʱ򣬾ݶȴѾΪٵ˵´ԽûзôԽԼ
ģҲܽݶȥοҪⶫٵ
ʱϵʿͿɲ֪Ҷ˵ǾݶϵɽɵĴϵҶĵһСһСģҶľͻʧ
ԼֻҪؼ˵Ҷܹ˵λʵ׵ɽŽǾݶóȻҶҲƽʧһһŸɶǴã䲻ӵϹɣʱҶſԴӸṩıѡȡΪ
УƶҶ֮ʦűɽ꣬ղ´ɽŵ˼Ҳͷɾ顭ϵܰһЩæģ
ʵҲ˳ΪֹҶܹݶó綼Ƿɽһ飬ɾⲻС°ˡԼᣬɵЩһҲὫһɾ뾳ʸ񽻸ҶԼɽɵġ
˵ʵЩʱգЩҶĶˣ
ҶһȭӦҶĳʶ̧٣ֻݶɽ˵Ҫϵϰٵȴôͽλˡ
һż궼üͷһ壬ȴûϵ˵ˣҶȴѾϴӦ
ʲôɽϰĻ˵дʡɽܹɽ겻˷һжһеӲࡣǴ֮ȡõĹʶ
ӵϰٵӣܲ˲
ҶĿе֮ԣżǲţеҶ⻰ĪвǣΪԼҵӶţ
ȴҶ⻰ǵдʣһ˵ˡɽ¾Ӫô꣬Ҳ֪˶٣ȻŵӲôʮŵȴǶʤۼһ𣬾ûһǧҲܴճ˰١
ҪǣݶľҶ磬ôǣĿɾͲɽɵˣһЩѰҲ˶ɥ
ż꿴˿Ҷģε̾˿Ŀ˿ڣҶ˵ǷζŽ²ˣʲһֱϵʿҶĽ棬һԾͺ͸һҶΪǿᣬͽ˸ˡ
ż֮ԣҶҲӦΪҲ֪ӦԣֻĬͬʱȫͻȻ֡
ҲֲҶ̫СĽ˭ƴܼĸͨͨĵˣֻҪһСԼͻɲСġ
żҲ³Ҷĵ뷨ɽѾΪеĴ㣬ַеĪ벻ͨҶΪôִھݶѾȴʼղ֡
ҶţȻ²ΪôŽǾݱֻΪ˶һ
˶ȽϧΪΪľܹĸԸɾ͵ʱֲƤοЩСҪͨĶ࣬ôƴˡ
ҶƺҪƴż⣬и̣Ī޶Ƿӣ
һ룬תͷͶһۣżһףɵ͵ɢ˿ԭõһ޴Բľżԡ
һɽر飬а˰ʮĸʩչɲһɽµľһҶСˣ
ż굹Ǹ˾ӣȻһ־ͽԼķҪõķ½һ£Գ䣬ҪҶĶ֣ҲռҶıˡ
Ҷȴû˵ϾµɲǾ֮£żôΪеıҶԼԻиӦšοƵ굱лжüɵĽ޸֣ûк֮ǡ
ӮãҲ޷
Ҷȴͬû·Ӯ˵ĻиյΣյ˾͸⣬Ҳ̾ͻһᡣ
ż΢һȭҶüͷһ壬ֻͷ͵һƬϹ⣬ֱ԰ٻѨг
ǽⱬ֮䣬ڵҹնȾһɫҶĴʹʱǺӾԽâԼɼǹ⣬ڿлĳâиǹ׺ڼ䣬ٲȻһɫѤǺӡ
ѰʱҪԼżƴޣȡˮһֻԼɢƣ˶ɵһüͷýҪԼԤϵĻҪԽ
ڿתת֮ͣҶԣλҶֽʹΪʣȫĲͬѡͬӦԷš
Ϳ֮üͷšĸҶıʵѾǿУûзѰʿҲκβáɼǳƣɫ⻪תĳһϺõķ㷨һɱıС
תͷż꣬ɽɸҶĽֵĽãȻɽǾһǼҲǻɽһ֪ķҼҲľ֮ǱؾǱУɷҪһ
żҲһ㣬ֱֲֻ֣ûʵˣֻõһ룡ԼҷҶĹȥ
Ǽɢҿ֮ʮĸߵľԲֱҶģ˵黹ʲôãôһľ׮ӴźպѰǲžˣҵ
ϧȴҶѰˣһҲóеõϼһϼ뵣ڵԽͣƬ̼ͺҶĵȼ˳ɫĻ棬ΧҹնӳյһƬ֮ɫ̫ոʱֵĳϼһ㡣
ͼҶֱһȭֱǸһӲӲĶԺ䣬żֻâ֣ϼҫˣһ¡죬һವһ¼ǱҶһȭеǸ
㾰ż͵ɫÿȻѾҶĵǿҲûϵȻ͵̶ȡ
ȭͷӲʲôȻżֱⷨɱƣҶҲֻǴʮĸеһǾԲСӣͬ϶ѡ÷н£Ҳ߸ɴԶݿȥԲҶȭͷӲ
⻹꣬Ϊżһʮֻǰ¡¡֮ڶԶϼҲǹâɣôƬ̵Ĺ򣬲ҶΧһظӳյͨһƬЩżҲһϼ⡣
ÿµޡ
Լķһһı˶ż갵ԼķʮĸʮĹҲΪ˵ҶģΪԼȡʱ䡣
ڴʱֻżͻȻϲɫһˣ
漴Ϸһ󣬱ı˶ԶȻֻҶĵļͻȻһ٣Ȼڿ͵һת򣬾ֱһ
ҶһȭһȭԳ죬͵ļͨͨӰβɵ͵һͣһΧΪǾٺԼˡ
ô
ֻʮĸԼΧںãԼҲʮĸٲȻγ˺Ӧ˴˼һϵ
⻹ֻ꣬ʮĸ֮ͻȻ֮һƬƬ⣬ǸӦĿ϶ﱬҫĿ⣬Ҷľ͸оԼΧ¶ȽٲȻһ޴Ŀ¯
ҶСˣһɽɵľһ󡭡ҶҪ⣬»ü
ʱҶﻹüеѾ޷ֱ棬ֻԼż
һ󡭡ȴ֪ʲô
ҶȴãǾһɽɵһɱ󣬾˵ʩչٻʻǶʻ˵¼ΪĻ棬ұ仯ǧ֪ľඵʻ̫϶ʻȵȡ
˵̫϶ʻ̫Ͼյ֮Ͼɵ빦ͱⶵʻϣ
֮⣬ʻкܶ仯һֶһǺģǾǶʻյһС
˵ĿǰżΪҪʹʻȫܵ飬ĿµΪǿٻרջǵĹԼҵ
ɽɴȫȫ̺һһǡñһ㣬ǵ󷨣Լ仹ҵһЩ˼̺䣬ͬʱжһЩҲԡ
Ϊ߲¾żɱﵣ
ѰżԲᶯ߲𣬼÷ҲӦˡ
߲𡭡ײҶãһⶫ̫ǿΪҲֻǿдʹʹ
ͬʱⶫԷ˺ҲϴÿҪ޸һԼķʱǼֻһ裬òá
ҡҲһ˺˵һʹȻܹ˶֣ԼҲùһ񻹿ܸԼºôĺ󻼡
ȴ˲ˣҶĵʵֲ̫˼óֻǸղſһżԼܹڵһʱ֣ôԼذɡһ־û뷨ֱӼ߲
ֻżзת仯һԵڿʮĸı仯֮Ҳ΢΢ɫ
ȴǾ˵Ļ⽥仯ʱƺѾ⣬ֻܿһ߲ϼ淭ڲֹǳ
Ķȴôֲⶼоǿֲ¶ȣοеҶģ߲𶼲ȫʹҶľѾճɻҽˡ
ϧǣʱҶĲûб΢΢һЦҪһɵңô׵飿
Ҷһֻ̧֣͵ֳʮɫɽɫɽͬͨɫĳȥ֪ⲻʵ
˫ۣ΢оһָ֮һʮɽͺͻȻըѿһɢȥȻд磬¾֮ޱȣԼ߲ʻ淭Ҳûֹʮɽȥơۺ϶ɣȻ¸¡
߲ĿֲҶĵҲСһЩڷ߲ƺûеõ֮ǰûչ¶ǿɱĻͷˣ
һӦʮɽٶ͵ֿ࣬ŸԵĿȥ
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063 
Ҷͷһʮɽ͵ıȫȻ仯ÿԼĪһ˸ߵĽҪ˱⽣ҲУɼ⽣֮ǿԵ
ֻʮͻȻʮ⻪żɫͻȻһ䣬ǷҲ˲ȥˣΪһ֮£Ѿ˴߲Ҳһ㱡˵߲ͻȻɢȥֻżⷨһ٣߲Щʧȥ˿ơ
󷨲Ѱз߲ʧأѾõľһУǼƣɵƻҲżܹƵ˵ġ
˵ԵģǼƲס߲Լµĳи˸һģôɾѰˣ㲻þһսһһȺӵǿķ֮ĴսɵƻҪɵĺսҪ£
һСģˣһСģͱȥˣʹôۣҲޣΪ˶СĿԼԼŪþͲˡ
ҪƴһɼһԱܻٵһУҪȺ˵Ҫɾ
߲ʧسĽҲǽԼһϵһжոɾʲô¡صĻǿɾû׼ˣ
뵽˴żͷ亹৵зһȴٻ߲ɱУҪܵȶסеЩ𣬲ʧء
һ͸ӹ˲ҶˣҶʮɽ׼һͣĹ֮ͣĴдżֵǣԼα任оλãҶĵЩγɵķɽѰҵһֱǹǸ
֣ôģ
ֻһĻжΪҶĿˣĲͣ任ҵԼϵľʮҸڲͬķλҶܲһ˲佫ԼΧʮȷΧԼµһаɣ
ĻҶĻô¾Ǵ˵жĵֻԼսʤĻ۽Ҳ
ȴ֪Ҷǰһȭͷͺ䲢һʱѪһʼżļɢȻü鲼ʱͲµЩá
ΪǴһʼƺ˶ԲߣżþȡʱҲԤ֮ڣһʼõϼЩһЩ޵ıǣȵԷ󷢶ҶϽЩ˱ǵľֻҪܻٵһ󷨲ơ
Ҫ˵֮ģȻǿᣬֻҪܹ˳ʩչڲߵĸҲҪѰķС࣬ͬʱҲûб˹ѹֻҪȫĵĿƺ󷨾ͿԽԼǿĶֽɱ
Ҳо޴ȱݣǾܵӶȥܵһЩ˺ʹáôһǿķܻ˲
ǿģҲǴģֻҪҶ˷ӣǿҲܱȥ
Ȼھ֮ͨ˻ø򵥵ķȥֻҶĶЩһϲͨѡ˸򵥸ֱӵķӣǿ
ûçײײֱķʽԵİţʱܹʮִݵվڷУȻƾΧǿֲ߲ĽâԼڵУȻ۾ȫ߶ʮɽܹ
Դг֮ͿͨԼɽõֶӵĻ£ұǿὣķɽΪ󼴷һ
ʱҶȻ˽âУԼɼƮ죬ڣʹ˼µı֣ͬʱҶĻ˰̡õϼԼǺʮɽľһЩ仯ֻƾӲ壬Ҫ˵⻪ɽﶥķףǶһЩ仯һЩ
Ϊͨʹͬʱ֮ҲḽʹߵҶһζǿȻƾˣǾöܾ֮ͻᱻżӦĻҪٵЩǲܵˡ
Ҷĵķɽ֮ȳϼ֮ʹ仯֮ᡢսӶ
żܵҶϻ̫ȭľһᣬдգܡ
һӲͱҶĵһɽԼҷϵҲһ͵һھѪ
żһ½ԱߵһʶͬãѡĪ
΢΢˻֣ż¶һôÿЦݣҶķɽϵľŹ֣ʲӲһǽϵĽɵ̫֮
ɫһ䣬ΪɴСС˵ҶҲ̫ۣϾ۲䵱һ֪¸ɵŶصļأвټҲ̫˸Ե⣬๦
ȷ˵̫ȭͲ䵱һУ¼Ÿɵ̫ȭʤһŵ̫ȭȻҲ̫ȭȴһȫͬĹҶĶ̫ľҲ㲻ϡ֮¡
ǾﵷǰҶĺ䵱ɳϹϵ䵱ɾͲһЩ鷳£Ѱ˼һ֮̾͵˹ǿһӦԣƶһ֮
һ䣬Իŵ̫ƾҪɱУͬʱͿ˵Ҵһҷڣ
żҲôȥԼ󷨾ҪƣҲܵشԼҲⲻһЩˣʧȥսѾҶĶ֣ԷûɱԼҲ£żҲûƴǣֱӾ׼Լƴһ·ڣ̫Ʒ롣
ȴӦ£͵һ𣬽ھѪԵøؿڲͣĴˣҶҵһ󡭡
⻰ųֻǾһ͵ıڼ̺߲͵дܳ۳žҪ䵽ĳȥɻһѡ
ȴϾڴʱǻеһĨϹͻȻһǿҵĹ⻪ڸȥһõɽӾͼ߿֮ϣеԼżΪԼ׹þУྰ󲻵δҼ֮
⡭
ڣͻȻԼ̫ڿŤ˵һҡæ̫̽Ƹ˻У̫ϵ̫ͼɢ˸һɶ¶̫Ǻԭòôʹ̫ƾûа㷴Ӧ
ͬʱż꽫Ҳ˻߰˸˺ۣһ㣬ܾͻ᳹׻ȥ۵ͬʱҲҶĵʵΪǣķѾܵشûʲôˡ
סĻ
պãżתͷͶһۣ˵ֻĿĹ֮£ͼԶҶϡ
ҶĴʱѾ˼ûܵκ˺߲ȻԵǳΪûзȫܵԼɽǣƣ߲ûüԼԼѾ󷨣
ֻûϵԼ߲֮ȻûɢĻƾҪͨ˴һ֣֮Ѱ˼ʲô취ȴͷԼľݶ͵ķųɺ⣬
ͬʱµ߲Ҳ͵ֹסȥƣȻǱʲôһҶĳ
˵ʵһĻҶıһʱȴɲǾݶˮ֮һųǿӲ߲˶ڡ
ݶҶ߲֮ҲᲨҶģвֱӳҶڣʹҶĲͣʹҪ𾢱Ƴκ߲ԵףͲҶܹ˵ġ
ƫʱһųӦһͻȻҶĵתɫľȻһУɢ˿ֲûҶĽ߲Ƴ⣬ͣĽҶԵ߲ڡ
˸ȥⶫϴûҳξȻ
ǳһֱҶڣǾͷֻԼԪϡƾȴûϵȻ¡
ʱҶֻоԼﵽⶼڻ¯֮вͣտҶҪ˼Լͻ磬ҷǳִ࣡
ֻѰ⽹ۣҶΪԼ⽹ͬʱҲһƬڣ˵ΪԼ˶һ̿
һ֮ԼȻܣȴûܵκ˺߲Ȼ޴ʹ࣬ȴڸʹͬʱͣĴ塣
Ҷһ飬ŷԭ߲һԼͺͻȻ˱仯һǰܵǰ㱬ѣһɢһֵĸо˾úУҪͶ乲衣
ҲǱջӰɣ
ȴã߲Ƿ֮Ȼǵɱ֮˿ħ֮⣬Ҳо֮Ч
Ҫ˵⾻ÿɾͶˡ
Ծ֮Թ֮ģ
Ծ
ԾаЩˣóǷҴܲС
ԾбȽϰԵһ㣬ǷǴ߸ʹЧһĴȱķҴܣ޺֮ķó˷ʹ˾ʱֻҪһɱģô֮˾ͻᡭ
ҶĲЩȴܹоԼı仯ҪԼܹоһеԼõľݶ
ݶʲôܣ
ʱҶĶҲֻܶĿԼ;ݶһͣķգʱľݶȻѾֹͣ𣬷ôƾûаӦ
Ȼݶɷųɺ⣬ǺûаϵǺԶ֮Լż꣬ʱŷԼȻãֻĿǰһС
⾿ôˣ
ͼֱҶĶȥΪżʹʲôֶΣҶ֮¾Ȼûа飬ƺԾ
żȴĿɿڴǰһУһص˵㾰е徻Ҳֻڵ伮пһЩֻƬܿ϶
ô˵ǵҶĵ·յһɶȴˣԽԽҶĵԼ߲⻪֮Ѿ϶ȻǴ˵еˡ
аһҶĵǺôĸԵտڲԡµҲã˵ʲôҲãҶĴʱֵ˸ԵԼоƺԽԽˡ
ʱҶĲоԼڲϵķ仯ͬʱȵķķգǾݶƺһһԼȥѾȭͷСͭѾһԼˡ
Ҳ㲻ҪҺɣ
Ҫ˵ȴԼʱܶȻ˵ˣһȻѾյԼͣķͷʱҶһһŻȻ˵
˳ȥֻƬ֮Ҷĵ۱ǻŰ˵ŶѾˣȻãǾݶʱѾû壬һжԶƵһ
ݶҶľȻΪһ壬⡭ô죿


064 ҶĵĴ
˫ۣҶķԼ֮ؾȻǸղĸ߿֮ϣһ˺ڻǺڵĵط
滹ҶǣԼĿ֮ԼȻƲκζ
ģ
κһһ䣬ǵҶһʳ֮ǰľﾹȻһ仯ڰƺ¶ǹԼʲڵƲ֮ϡ
ͷһƣҶķԼ¾Ʋ㣬Լͺ̤ƶ֮һֻģ߿յǿһһ
ҶľԼ壬Щ꽥ļƺˣ徹Ȼһ֮࣬Ƥǹ⻪ת˾ͱһ˶βʵƣòҫۡ仯Ҷղʱ״һԡ
ҿ˵ˣ
߶һҶ̧ͷͺżȥԼȥʱ򣬺ƲſָɣҶУƺʲôûе֮УŹֵĳߴżȥһƲĶסǶˡ
ҶԼƲʱ˫߲ʹ⻪תͫԼлڣЩǱӦñƼĳߣȻۿǳԼҶκηӦʱֱӳĵ
һȥҶһ˫̷ۣԼھȻ˸
ݶ
Ҳ֪ʲôγɵĳһͷ˾ݶУݶֻ΢΢һâͻعƽʲôֻ֮ݶȴܵԼڣһʱҲ޷ж⾿Ǻ»ǻ¡
ͬʱݶԼڴڵе֣滹飬ܹоⶫԲĴԼУǽһе˽һ֮ıȽϽӽݶһ޵ĴܽԼ
ҲǳΪڣ
ݶҶڣԼƴ˶ˣǰ޷⵹Ǻð
ԭʲż̸ʱҶҲǹʵгͷ۵һǣû֤ݣ
ǿ˵ȥԼɽʵϾǾݶУǽ˶䱬ôɽ¼ٵӾû֮
⻰˵˵ˣ˭ţ
Ҫţ򵥵ķӾҶĴӾݶнгɽӳǡв
Ȳ˵ܷĿƾݶе˴棬̸ֻҶĵġɽɡͻûеʱɻɽɵļ֮ǰһνˣ
˵ˣʵг˼ҲûţҪһȺд˷ۼʵ֪ǿᵽʲô̶ȣʹҶֱͬͷҶҪ˼ƽ͵̸ҲʶԷԸⲻԸ⡣
̸̸УǶ˫ڶԵȵ²ŻֵģĿǰҶһнȫһϣڶԷôʰҶģǾôʰ
żϾܿȻλɽɸֶҶҲӦеĹʵأ˼һҶĲԸ⽻ϻ˵ֱӿ򣬾д롣
㲻Ǳɱ㣡ǾݶȻͳǵĶˣ
ߵȷϧϧԼǱ˵ģӮ£ҲûҪôĹǡ
ֻżƵǣҶĵʵԤϵҪǿֻƾǶ˶ԸˣοҶΪǾһټԵȻ徻䱾Ѿǿ࣬Ա޵Ҷ˵Ѱ߳һŵر
˵ˣҶľ˸ղһ⣬սֽһأٺҶĽ֣ǾԼĲˡ
οʲҶѾżļ飬ֲ֪ʲô͵̫ҲܵˣʱǺӣȻô߶߲ͺⱾǷ̫һ˲Ѱһ㡣
֣ܸоĵ̫еô޷߶
˶һۣȻԶ߲ʹ⻪תҶģε̾һҶңңһȭʩչֶȥˣֻҶһ˻վڿйı紵
Ȼˣ
ɲԼղһѾżļ飬ʹü𣬶ʱڶ޷ʹáݶǷ춯̫Ʋ֪ʲô⣬һӾΪΪķȻˣ⻹ȥ
ҶȻЩֻƬ̣ԷȻˣҲܲµЩԵɣһһһǳŹȥˣԺô죿
нжץҪȡеľݶƫݶϵɽɴͬʱܻϵԼСҪԼݶΪһ壬ļһȥҲὫ˵֪һƺͱˡ
ҪôҶİ֮ȫɵ
ҪôҶıǸɵ
ţѵûԵķˣ
Ҷ˼һ󣬷Ҳȫ֣ͽƣȺĴҲȫǲ֮ˣѰᣬ˵Ҳڷǵƴһ
ǣҶʲôʱöԷԼ̸
ģ˵˵ȥȻǵƻԭҶķ޷޵һƲ죬аһҲȺһɽҲӣýɽɵպҿ˭ĵң
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣Ҷľйؼ
ʵҪԷ̸İ취ҲûУܼ򵥣Ǿչ¶ԼʵҪҪԼģҪĴԤеʮٱһȺϧ߻ôǰͺ̵Լ鷳
սż˱񣬲⻹ԶԶĲ
żȻǸɵĸֻ֣ǴӶ˵ҽܾ֪ܵ˲Ǹɶճ˵ɵĶӦţҶʲôʱܰȺűƳ⣬ǲǴﵽԼĿġ
ĻҪŷ޶ʱͻȽϳˣŪõĻҪϼ£ؼԼҲпܱڼ䣬ҶҪ˺úðһ
һһֻͳҶУͨ˿˹ĵ绰֮󣬴µİһ£̴׺֣Ӣ뿪Ƶ꣬ȻѰһƫƧĵطҪԼҪ¶κ֮ҲҪκϵ
˹ҶЩЩ⣬ԼʦЩԼЦҶĻôȻǷҪ飬ֻǻشһˣ͹˵绰ȻȥԼ֣Ӣ
Ҷ룬Ȼֲͨѩĵ绰ΪʱĹϵǱߴʱǰ죬˵ҲӰѩϢֻڵ绰˵̫ףֻǽһЩ鷳ЩӴŻѰ֮ĪҪ˲
ϸҲûнѩҲɣûжʣȴеҶ˵ʱȻ˵˵ĻԼҲãҶķգɴӦֱȥѰȥˡ
ҶĵǲˣϾѧУؾڣضɽѰɽһ㣬ҪҵĻͦѣһ֮ڲ±Ѱ
οҶĲȺνȺۻȥŮ˵鷳Ͼˣ˷ԼҲǱѡԼڲԽεľٶ飬ﻹǼɻ֮¡
ֻǽǣԶֻȺˣЩаħͷԼԼˣʱԼҪ˵Ļ
绰ҵҶĺݺݵ˵һĸҪǸôҶѾȫң
֮ǰҶģ治ֵµҶ߲𣬾һĵϢ̽ԼǳȻ˱仯һźɫʱ߲һĴڣ𲻶ϵԼҲͣĴԼ徭
ʱҶһָһ߲ͳǰɼµܹǿޱȵĻġ
Ȼ࣬ɱҲǲܣ
ʲиоֻҪԼѰĿ꣬߸ߵվڿУȻһôһоͻᱻմ
Ƭ̣ҶͻȻһ飬Լƺеƫˣ棬ƾ紵ԼգԼ侲ȻͷԼɹӣӽָȡϡ
·ȻˣԼɢ߲âǵһʵۣʱǱѰǰˡ
߲ڸԼ壬ͬʱҲԼûƿԭԼܹ磬ôЩ״Ȼʧ
һ֣Ӣ˹ӦÿʼӾƵ뿪ˣҶΪ˸⼸ȡ뿪Ļᣬ͵ıһ󽣹⣬һֱԵҲǹ⻪ɫâ֪ƽ˶٣ǧ֮ԶҲܿҶⱩĽ⡣
µѰ˸ǱͷϽϵ̼޷˯ǰоʱʱһ⻪ǻۣʱȴΪͬˡ
Ҷĺòڲصı𽣹⣬ȻƲڣǵµܹоնȾһɫƶҲһƬϣҫ۵ɫжһɫ£߳վڽϣ̧ͷ
˸еǣɫƺԼɢһ߲ʹ⻪߲ʹ⻪ȻҲҫۣ˶޷Ե߲ʹâ߲ʹâʱһЩñе㾪ŵƽһЩһ˸ǾȲѡ
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ֻҶ˵׷Ǻ£׷Ļ֪ôˡ
΢΢һͷƼ˼׷ԼĽɫ⣬Ҷİһüǽޣ˶һ󣬵ҲжϳΧҵʵʲôΣ


065 
һƣҶķԼһ󼲷ɾȻڲ֪һɽУﵹǷ˶֣Ҳ˵һЩ޹ͨˡ
׼˵طҶֱӰ½һȽƽ̹ɽͷͣ£ȻعǸԦŽɫ׷ˡ
ԼĪʮ£һƺɫ룬һϺòƵĳڿҲڴԼֻĿҶĲˬ죬Ϊ˵Ŀ֮顣
ѵΪԼǸ
Ҷı˵ЩʲôĿ֮÷ϻֻվԭأԣ¼ҲƲôǿᣬֻϤ˲ⲻ۵Ϲⳤжֲ
˴һҲƮҶǰԶֻһؾƣҶ˵һݶһС
ҶԴŭȻЦݣȴЦ⣬˭Ҳ֪Ҷʱŭա
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⻰һҶŭ𱬷ֻ籡߲ʹ⻪תͣһƬɽӳյһƬͬʱƺо˵ķŭٲڵǰƽͣչ¶˻汩һ档
һҲ΢΢һһ䣺ѹż޿κΣԭ𣡡
ʲżҶڸ߿նսûȥעֻԼ΢΢ϵĴ
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ȴ֪߲ȷżľһųģֻûܴҶģҶģ佫߲ڣһ´һ
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ҶĲӦˣҶܹ˴ܶߣҲ̵ʱ嵽Ҷߣܾءֻǰ𽣹󲻹̼׷ҶģͿ֪˵ŴӺζ
ʱԼϺҶ˵ѾǸ㹻ӣʶúô罫ǾݶȻǽԴϲǲĻ
ȴ֪Լʲŵһ仰ȴҶģǶҶı˲ǵҲ㲻ʲôҶôжأصҲ˲١ҲǰżֵʱȻֱȽϺݣ䣬ûԹҲûºֵԭ
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ǷͨʣҪǷ𷨵ԣҲνĻ۸޻۸ƾڷҲ޳ϳͨԷҵͽϣЩõɮǲյӡ
ӡʹ֪ţȴҲܹѧɣѧҲܹ־ʩչ
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ͬʱ߲ǷȻмַŵׯϢԲŻдᡣ
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ϻһ䣺ŪСʶñϵ
һֱԶü֮һԾӣߵĶǰʮ㣬ʱֵʱ򻹲԰һݣȴ׼ҶһƻᱻԼȥ
ʲȻҶһСһ£ʦֵغʦǾͨͨƽҲд֪ٴΣӡ֮ķҲʶʩչɲҶһ¾ܺЩɮʹһ޶
ֻһһɫľ޴ӡڰײһ𣬷¡һ죬ɢ罫ʯĺ¡¡ͣڼ仹棬ֻҪһʲô£̽յҶ
ȻҲٲɽЮĽöʯӲɢĽնɺü飬мǱɢĽʳ˷ĩȴҲ֪˭ѡ
Щ˵鷳ȴһ˲䷢飬󾪺ԼĽҶĵƾ֮Ȼı˰֮ϣԭΪĽƾ֮ǰֱӹҶ߲̫ˡ
ƾȻҵķɽ൱
аԳԾû뵽ҶľȻǿʵʱеûпһҶԼżĽˣи׼һĨڡ
гԾǱҶȴŹԼһƻ֮϶Ȼᱻķɽ裬Ҷһߴʹ棬ԼǽԼƾ֮Ҫս
˽ֶһţȻԼվһԿֱãǽβУʵǿᣬּ˵Ƕ໰ҶĿɲҷһߣȻҪʹȫ¡
߻ڳԾ͵ĴһƬҳгһӰûô£͸о棬һȡԼţһȡԼС
ãЩһޣ
ʲôнǽս֮ʲǰ̬Ҳ϶ԼںԶľͽҶĸɵ
ȻԼԼµӻرҶҲһϺõķɽΪ޵ῴҶĵķɽĵǶȻǵµûʲô棬һЩѰɽˣ
ҶʹɽļӲΪǿԼ
ôʵҲûҪȷɽɱеļҶĵȷǱȲ󣬿ҶõǷɽǲǷɽ͵ľˣҪǣҶȫʹɽͬʱԳ֣ҪһĽѶԸˡ
⣬ɽȻǿᣬö࣬˫Ҫ˾ĻǷɽȷҪۿۣʩչЧǾͱѰĳ΢һѡҶҲһ㣬һʼͳǰʹòɽȫ
ԼõĵʲôʮƻƣʹõƣȴҶľ±ȽϺʣһǿᣬҳѸͣƱ仯Ƚ϶࣬ʱҲһͻȻʹʲôϡĻԴݵıӦ
һһƳ֮ʱȻҶǰϣ̻طɽͬʱϷһһ쾹Ȼһ
Ҷıһд˸ֲΪ˻óʲôʲôϾȻһԹأҪýԼԼķɽȡʱ䡣
ǽ㾳磬ȻҲལҶĻҪĶ࣬ϾĽ޸֣
գ۵Ĺ򶼲ͷɵҶǰƵҶĲòͻȻһšܹһһ㣬ȴҲĲȥˣҶӦ乻죬Ӧͬʱ˳һɨǧ
һбǰЩʱٻնеһУŹ򲢲ʲôȭãȻؼһƷֻҪʣȱ޹ʹŹе
ԴʱҶʹŹΪȲҪȭǿ࣬ǿ
ʱҶһ߳Ƶ󲻵ò΢΢һǣûϵҶľȻһ֮һɨһβǹˣֱȡ΢΢ԾյС
һǶԸѰˣɽҲʣǹĿֱӾ͵ðϧҶԵĲ߶һλޣһɨȥûɨ󣬱һ򵥵ķƮɶ˿ȥ
ҲȫܹϾҶҲǹһȥû죿һȲʮ㣬նն֣һɨϾȻɨһƬ絶Ȼһȣȴûܹ⾢СҶһɨһѪӣҺ˵ĲԵûʲô֮ǡ
ɼҲǴŭƲԳԷƣƽﶼ˱ˣδ˹ˣʱŭҪҶɱ
ôƬ̹ǽ⽣Ѿ˻ɫһض˽ɫҶڵ߲Ǵеһҹۣʱᱻޱ߽û
ҶҲ壬ȻƾˣԼԳ֮ڣοֲǰ裬ֻһϹ⻭һߣǡû˽⽣棬һƬžɽ͵ķһ⽣͵һڿһб˾һ㡣
ҶļҲǹ˫ƣӦֶ־ǽ⽣һȴҪǽ⽣һ
ϧֲˣҶԼķɽ˫£һɫڵзֱȡҶķųҪǰ䲻֪ǷǾ
٣ҶĳȥǱĽɫѾˣֻۼ죬ԼƲһǧٿףٰɢ˿
һɢע⵽ҶľȻҲָֽһ㣬ָֽҲһ㣬ȻҲųɫҶĵԳŹΪԽԽǿ֮ԽԽˣȴŹѾϵΪʩչݿ٣Ҷĵ˰ʱһʹʾı仯
ʱշ꽣ҲûֶΣֻоǰһϹ⣬Լķɽͽ֮ȵعʱԼķɽȻڿеĴͬʱϹâ˺ö࣬Ҫ¶ɽıģˡ
ôܣ
רһһ޵Ϊ˽һҲӵн˵ǽһĸǸ޵ҶҲӵнĪʵǸޣ
֪Ҷ֮ʱͿʼĥ򣬶֮Ľһ˴СʱͿʼϰһɣһڳ֮ſʼϰ
Ȼܱܿûʲô𣬵ϸ΢ܹ¶ģΪҶĵһ¶ҲǴΪ
⻹꣬ҶĽ⽣Ϊһ̵棬ȥԼɽʱͻȻһѹȣȴҶֱΣȫʹġ
֮⣬Ǳ𽣺Բ湥ô͵ó⾪춯ص


066 
һǳѵѡҪסԼķɽƴŷɽҪ̶ߣ
ҶֻҪκһ´ô㲻ҲˣѾ˽һľ磬˷ɽĻɽҲԲù
Щ鲻Ƭ֮䣬ֻһ˲ףɽǶСǾûľˡ
ϧһֵ쾡£ڰжȻһתҲȥԼķɽΣ̾Ҫ𽣹ȥԼʹ˷ɽҲܹڶʱڲҶ׷ϣƬͿɴѶԼʦȣʱҶĻ׷ᣬԳƽɽ
ɷ죬ȥ
ֻһڿ͵һתҪȴԼһתȻһɫӭ
ⲻܣ
ʲƵҶĵǱɽһôܵһ
΢΢תͷһƳ󾪲ķǸɫԼڵɱԼǰǱɽȻǱɽ޶£ٲȻһѣ
ȻǳɶԵķɽ
ȻҶĵ֮ҪʹϰٱҲǲܣҶһֱȵʱŻڶҪ书һֱۣӽնɱҲκηӦĻᡣ
ʱͻȻһɽĲ֪֮ʱֻͻȻ͵Ҷ̧ͷһƣϵʿҲһɫźһҶ
û˵꣬Ϳ͵ĽڵеӲʳƬɽⶼǿֳÿųɫβ͡ĪҪСβһĽ⣬ǶǽɣҲǿƥ⽻նɱƬƬƬ㶼û
Щ鼸ͬһʱ̷Լ涼ʱһҪȴԼҪ͸оһ;ֱԼ·ȴҶһξͽ˳ǱȥˣôȻӲһơ
ڴʱͺżϵҶһϵʿҪ飬̴ȫٶ˲䱩࣬ӦĻᶼûУ˲ͱɱ
Ҷɱƺɣǰƣһ˺ǿɱҲǲܣһӡĻҲ޷ʱͻȻɱ
ɱüɵĵӣµȴǹ˲ôˡ
̧ͷſбĲ֪ǺõͣҶĵҲǧͷͣ°ɱǶüˣӶȻùˣҪı뿪ŷޣȻȺѾõĿڴУ
Ѱ˼˴Ҷı˱ȭ͵һ䣺ãΪˣȻԱɵӺҶĳҪЮ˵ȶ˵ö֮
ֵҶĳ֮ˣ˵ЩǽתüɣΪλᱻɱοҲ֤ҶĳǺɱ֮
˵һ֣ҲʲôӦֱӵ˾䣺üҪѰҶĳ𣬵޷ֻбñɵвҶĳߺߣԾڴˣǣ
˵սⱩ翪·ȷһΪǿĽ⣬ҶİУż껹ûüعҶѾݳԶˣֻģģƼһɫ
˶һۣεĿЦһ鷳ˣ
żҲüͷѰ˼Żȥ˵֮£
ֻǰǰĻ鵹Ҳýǻȥ鱨һ飬ȻȺȻҶĺһû˹ϵһս֮˶ҪȥЪ
οǰҶûгûɵҲǵ˼һ飬ƽ޹ƾ˷ѾеѵҪǲ֪Сˣζеġ
Ȼȥ˵
ѾټֻԼоһЩɢżҲεҡҡͷɲ֮Ƕüǲưոݣ
Ҳһ㣺ȻΪ˸߰е񣬵ϾǶü֮һձҶնɱüƱҪ󱨳ǵغʦǺ֮ˣλҶš
˵һ˾֪Ҷ֮ǰ˵İ˳ģǰľٶ֤ҶҲ֮˴Ҷ˵֮
ΣȺ۾Ҳ˵Ҷɱ󣬾ƾӵݱһ㣬Ǿ˿ŵľ棬
ܲ˰һǺȥɣ
żȴҶűܣĳ׼Ҷ˵һס˵
룬ҲͷӭϣԵˣΪʿ
˸ʩչֶضȥȴϲûãӭͷһʿԦ⣬֪ǶüˡȵٽһЩѾһģвۣԺһ͹ȦǶüɵĵغʦ
ʦ
λѣغʦҲһ㶣漴ͣһʦܣ
ͺżһۣͳ棬ϸϸ˵غʦ˵䵹ҲûʲôƫģֻǽԼ֪ľ˵ǵغʦȥȴմŭһС˿ɱʦܣĪҶüƲݣ
˵ҲˣֱҶȥ׷˹ȥٶȻø죬ȴ֪ǿ˶٣ֻ;ҶĹһѣֻغʦδ̫ˣ
Զȥü̾˿ü⼸﷢չѸͣڵӶǸ֮߰ЩƲʿ
ǣȻȥżҲǲϲҲǷһ࣬ǵغʦ˵ллҲͰˣϾʦŭ֮ΪʵҲ⡣侹Ȼһ㣬˵¾£֪һк̱ߣҲ̫Щ
ˣгɵĸĸ˿ﲻ˵ǶüɵĹ۸вֲ˼ˡ
ȥԲԣҶ߼𽣹һУһ֮Ҳ֪˶Զǰѩһײͬ˷Ǽ𽣹ֱ߷УʱҶһͷѾƲκ½أֻһƬ󺣣֪Լ嵽Ǵ֮ϣҲ֪Ҫɶòܿ½ء
ôãҶҲеƣۣѾһٶȻû¶٣ȴǿлָʱˡ
ͬʱԴһ֮ҶľûͣǷһսһʹȫٷУ£Լֶ˼Ϥ
ȴ£еٶҲӿ˼֣һ֮Ҷϵ߲⻪ȥ٣ĴҪɡ
΢һЩҶķ嵤һųѾΪһ壬׳Ϊ𾫻ⲿ־ԼʱòˡеƺΪ˲٣֮ҲͿԲʣµĻˣһǲ磬ΨһƵľⲿʣ࣡ͬʱ취Ҹ֮ء
ھתŪӺ͸޺һܲǸ飡˵ԵģʦõĴϲã
Ѱ˼ȥ뵽ԼϵٻѨȻۼǶ翵Ĵڣʵռطǲ֪Լϵ᲻ԼԴջ
һ˿ϵȥҶķһϵﾹȻͺԼһȻƺһ֮Ȼʧˣ
ȻԼֵõһΪ˶˷һʵǵòʧ޷ġ
ģڵйˣ챦Ȳ˵ˣԺ϶ҪγʮֲͬΪһԴҵﶼԿ˶ˣ
ҰڵҲΪĻӰ쵽챦Ϊǻ챦ųԣȻ͵ǿսڼһ𣬻ᷢʲô仯˭Ҳ֪
ƽʱҶĿܻһ飬ΣأʱҪ˶֣һСԼԼŪˣʵеòʧ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ҶҲǽ浽Լе̷ѨȥεķﾹȻݶռˡ
ԭݶԼ֮ڵţǾݶֵѾӵˣʺϾסԾݶҶĵȥȥ˺ʵľǿŵ̷ѨͱݶռҶ
ҶĽ͵̷Ѩǳݶ޵׶ⲻκε鷢
ϵ𣿡
Ҷ룬ϵɲֻһѩ֮ͬٵϵڰٻѨҲͷĲ֣ѩȴǿٵӡѨǰü
ΪüĴ洢ǹ֮Դ˶ԼԲѡ˰ٻѨΪϵǹ֮ȥԼӡѨǿأѰ˵ӡѨҶĵӡѨΪ֮ԭҪǿһЩ
򵥵˵ҶĵӡѨеͨѨλͿɵϵ֮ҶҪЩӵڹֻҪ͵ľܰϵ￪ٳ
֮⣬µҲ˵ȴ֪ܲܰҲٳµ˴ϤСλ֮⣬һ˵ڻҶλ̫УᶯӡѨıա
οӡѨľԼҲûзκγͻ۴ķ浽ӡѨҪȫ٣ɹĿҲһЩ
뵽ҶĽתתԼӡѨУȻҲȫģһͣľĴ壬ҶҲǸݸղŵľжϳЩԴóʱ䣬ȵĿˣҲԴϵȡһЩһͨڣϵ߲ʹ⻪ڰȥôˡ
ֻһ񣬷еٶȲһ㣬ҲںԼɱ󣬱ɲ˵Ƕüɿ϶׷ɱԼԼҪ¶һֶΣȺʲôۣźнļƻ
ȻҶҲֻõķǣҲǵԼ׳Ϊ繫УΪһħͷԼɽɿҲᱻΪһаɣĻԼҪĵ׼ˡ
˼ľԼŮˣԼյӣôˣҸطܶϺһ
ֻҪʱ䣬ڵľ࣬챦ϣĳЩĹ˺úýѵһ٣
οɫ;ǱȽٳɵܹгɣܸԼһЩһǿʵȺϧļһﻹҺԼӲӲȥ
˵˵ȥҪȭͷ
ץץͷҶпһۣЦ˵˵ǲǰõѣ
û䣬ͻȻԳһ˵ΣǱѪԪʱѪ治ǰֹĴ磬һϮɫĳԵ䲻¿˿Ҷ֮ǷŹ̹˫ͫǾ֮ɫҶšǱ
Ȳ㣡ҶϿ飬ĵȴʼѰ˼ѪͻȻ˳ҲǱԼǾݶ
ֻû뵽Ԫ͵ҶţûȤ뱾źҶ֮ЩνɾҲ޿ܣ
Ҷпһ£ֻǻûüϸ˼⻰ʲô˼͸оһˣƼǻԶǧ֮⣬ȴҲҶĸеľ


067 
ֻƬ̹ҶľͿԶһ⣬ǽȻԼһׯµķȴɸǿ֮УƽµĸовС˾ľ޷ͨҲе֮õĹ
Ÿ뵽ԪȴȻǶüɵĵϵغʦûϵüɾȻԴģж֮һĵغʦˣ
ȻԼɢϢ֮ɶŷǶüƺе̫һЩ
ɲöüɻ󶯸λȫΪҶİ˼֮һˡüǽ˴𣬾㲻ΪǾݶüҲŹ
ֻǵغʦҶĲԶ֮ɢȥݹ⣬üͷݺݵĴһҶģҶģ
ǣ
ɱʦܣ
˻һҶĻûģԱߵԪȴһ
ǵغʦʦǺˣ˭˲ǶüȻλӶü֮ĩҲ֮ˣȴǸԵޱ֮һԲϾܺ˷֡˼ɵüɶѡã䱾˹ҲǲѰʿǲ
ȴһ־Ҷɱˣ
ϣҶľȻͱѣǶüɿ϶䲻ݣתһ룬һƺԼһЩͻȻڶҶĵҶţǵΣͷӦձһ֮
һڣǵغʦŽĿתϣһĵǱѪԪ԰վͲȥǱѪ棬ΪѪȻʵףΪѶԸҲûϡ
ӡһѶԸһֶݷץҲץҪĻʵȴޣǿҷâȻѲ⣬ȴҲСοغʦ෨ǡÿǱâ룬ԼϱѪǺΣգȻ
ԪƲغʦģʻе֣Ҳǲ壬οҪܹҶֳغʦôĴơ
ҶĿ˿غʦ漴ֿԱǲͣŵԪ֪һҪɱԼ죬һȻ˵ҪԼֺȴ֪תʲô˼ͨͨΣյ˼֮ˣԼһСģܾܿͻᱻ˸ɵȻ仯ѾֻҪһԾܹڵһʱ䷢
ɱʦܵҶĳ˭ȻñɵԼҶĳвˣҲɣ
Ҷ˵ʱһ֮ɫڵغʦǼֱǳƣĵһСӵɫ浱Ҷüɺ۸
漴ȵҪԣҶüʲôλ˭˲ԼͿĨҶü𣿡
üɻõҶĳȥĨڣδ̫߿ˣҶһ֪ҲǸúȥϻһ̽ѯ֪ⷽԲʮֻԼԪǵغʦˣʱûб߸Լǲõ뱻ȺŹľС
ƺǸоҶĵ˼΢΢ͬʱ籡âͿһɫңңǵغʦ
ʱغʦҲ˳Ժһ̣ԺĹȦȻȡϣʱҶĲ֪ǹȦȻǵغʦķ
غʦҲϻŭһ
һףȦȻ貹⻪һĽɫֱҶġ
⻹꣬غʦŵĲһǲоȻų⣬ҪҶС
⶯һֻԱԪһǲۿɶΣҪУ
ҶȻԪΪɵҲʱԪȻ֪ڴʲô⣬ȻҪԼĺãοԼһҲʲôӰ죬𽣹㿪˲зųĹâ
һŲΣͼǹƺбһȦŷƿֱ֮ԼСҶֻǹȦԵķⶫӲӣȻնΣغʦ׼ԼԼʬΪʦܱ
Ҷı㿪ޱȣƾҶתŲ޷ȫƿһģУ˫һ˾ҶȻһƬضһƬҫɫǹǺӣǺӵһ˾Ҷгϡ
ʱҶĵֳֽǹ֣ұ۸߾ݺն£һǺٲһֱʮԶͺһǹ֮ϣװľ졣
ɢľЩγһ쫷磬Ǻ涼ܵ˲һӿҲ֪᲻֮ⷢХ֮ġ
ʱҶȴ˲ôˣοڴ󣬾㷢ХҲνˣԼҲǱ֣´ԭҲǸٺϡ
֮ҲУ
ǰҲٺУǻʦϵͲܵ෬չˣȻʦ˵㣬ҲΪԼ룬ڴǴһɮ֮
ǰλȻ˶ķ𣬵ʵ벻Ҷĵۡ
ʱҶȫǺӾӲ˵غʦĹ֣ȴԼ֮侹ȻһƬƬˮС
غʦغ顭ҶһѰ˼˹غʦȻõغڴ˵ֶΣǺ鲻ˮôЩˮʲôʹġ
תͷһƣֻغʦվһˮͷϣ󷨾дʣ󱩺һ֮ˮƵ˺һ͵Ҷҧ
Щˮһа׳һžܾ׽Ҷ£οʱͬʱһֲֻͻᱻֽˡ
ҶҲܸо⼸ˮֲ֮͸ܹоЩˮ̺ǿˮ֮Ҷһŷˮף׼Щˮһֱ仯ĿˮףԼȥ֮˳һըԼжҲġ
ʵû´غʦ˲ˮǿˮ׵ı仯ǿᣬƽҲٶá
ҲǱˣʦѶŭʹһҪҶնɱ
ҶѰ˼һ£ͻȻָһӡѨǰˮһָüļ͵һų߲⻪ӡѨ籡һʺĹ⻪һˮײ˸š
˵ǿˮȻܵô̺Ŀˮ֮ͻᱬ޴ıը
ǱҶһգǿˮ֮ȴãˮȻӲıյĲӰû㡣
߲𣿡
غʦǾ޷ͨʿһҶüļһ߲ʺףȵһˮӲû˵ʱ̾ϳ˷߲
ҶľȻܹʹ߲𣿡
Ҷܹɱһ²ţڿҶľȻ֮;鵹Ҳǲܣʵǿȴ޺ֶζԸҲҶľԼдɱԼʦܡ
ȴû뵽ҶĶԸʱڴ壬ͲܹɱһǿҶԼӦԵõǿƣ
˼תȴغʦһʣˮٶֿ˼ֱ֣ȡҶġȻɵ𣬿ΪҶܹʹҲ㣬ôҪԸһˮУԸôĻ
뵽˴ֱ䣬²ŵˮȴֱ˼֡
֮ϣɣ
ĵ֮ˮȣԼܹӳǿȫɱҶģǾֻ֤ԼǸ
ȴҶֻһ˫һţͻȻֶüԭҶǱʱȻ߱Ҷߡ׼֣ȴ͵üͷһ壬ԶƳһº˼顣
ҲʲôͻȻֵ׼һˮȥֻ̼һͷˮС
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غʦҶǷɽȻ߱ҲǴһ׵ķɽҲһЩ޲ǿĺöԵغʦҲΪɵȴûϵҶ㲻ǡ
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ɫâԽԽǿʢˮľȻһƬԭĿˮ֮ٴӿɢȥ
ɽԳһǺɣҫۣغʦҲ˫һУԾ⾿ʲôɽȻǿ᣿
߾ĲУԶһֱսԪҲǾĻ亹һҶľȻǿᷨغʦĲɿҶһҪԼˣΪƵľħѪֵܹ߱ɽô
һ룬ֻеûףԪó˴ĲɿĹϽȥȴһתҶĵҪȥʱҶĳһδȵұǶҲǲ٣
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Ԫתͷ΢ЦŵҶŵǼǵú
ȻǵҶĳ֮ȫͣܲǵãҶ˵ͬʱѾĳһƣǱѪ󾪣̾Ҫǧ˲ϢζܵȴûüʹݷͼҶͻȻһ䣬˳Ʋָһ㣬Լǰ͵һϹܵһƫͷϮ
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ԪŭʲȻеίȫ̬ȣҲǴҶĺͷŻˣҲǳ汻۵ͷϣ
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ȴʶ֮˹Ƭ̺󾪽еǾħѪ񽣣ĪǱѪǸħͷ
ڴʱ˻ûƼʱҶͻȻԪȻ񽣣ǱúɱһɣҶĳˣǣ
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068 ɾ
ҶʧķʵûʲôϡݰˣֻһѡĲǺƶ
ڿһԼǰͻȻʧʱʶĻܲ鿴£һϰ⣬ҲףΪԭҲһͨˡ
Ҷþȫ˲㵽ƵУͬʱйñ˲ŶƲƶǾħѪ񽣸ټƣȴҶṩ˲ٱ
ȵƲʱЩ˲֪Զˣ漴𽣹ȫٷУһ˭׵׷
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µҶ޷ֻͣܲͣļӿٶǰУɵԽ죬еľȴԽԣҶĺơ
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οҪĽ˳Ҳǵ꣬ɽҲ˳µĳΪнһɲɺӵò˵İ˭ҲᶯɽɣϾɽɵó˾ݶŸ˴ҼȥĻᡣ
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ǲҶŷ޾ʲô飬ֻҶĲϽݶһüλ֣ͬغʦκãҲնɱ
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Ҳǻı仯Ҷƽ͵̸棬ⲿӰ£˾޷ƽ͵̸ȥ̸ָ£ֻжһ;
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Цһ£ҶҲͲ˵ˣѰ˼ԼӦ뿪
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Ϊһأһ۾Ϳ˾վԼԲԶҶģʦ֣
ʦһҶĲȷɣͻȻðһޱƵļһҪڣֻͻȻſ˫ۣӵĶҶĻΪʦܼԼ֮ޱȣҪԼһܱ
ȴһдͷϴһСӰವ䵽͵ĻСԭͰΪ˽ˡ
е˵ҶһЩΣʱſǵڶӰӾȻǻѾͷ
طŵϣŹҶļ񣺡òˣ˵ջƣ֮ôʦֵӡʱϸϸһƣע⵽Ҷĵͷ࣬ϵ·Ҳе֣ʦͷӣ

Ҳ棬ǲͣȴûѩͻ£ͻȻɫ䣺ĪǡĪǡ㡭
ų⣬๫֮³ң
ǶôϤŶΰû¾ϲȥ˵ĻشʱѾ˻뵱У۽ǾȻԳһˮ
ҶǺߣΪ˽β²˴ʱ뵽ʲô̴һɤӣӣԺȥֵĹвУ
ʼҶ뵽һܵ۵⣺;Լ֮̾գҲӦʮŶ԰ɣôܵڵҵǰˣ
ʱֻԵῪڵλҶŵͬţ


070 ָ
ҶĻĻͻȻܳȻѯⲻþǼ
ǰΪ޷֤ԼԶʵеգ;ð˳벻ΪλôɣĪܹݴ˶ܵ˵͵ǡˣոպÿԸԼ˵Щע⡣
ҲȺɣתܵҶĳʦͣӻء
ǰһֱ˵ʱһҶĲŽĿתϣղû̫ע⣬ʱŷֻصòƺб仯
ף
صɽ֮ʱʮ꣬һСѾͷƬӣɽסľˣȻͲ仯òҲóһЩҾ෬ʣٲǰģ
ȵҶ֮ʱٲȻһŮӣȻԺҲƵǰççײײòҲΪֻͬµĻأȻƻָ˵ģԣӦǸСһꡣ
㡭Ī߻ħˣ
Ҷ»ɻĪ˻ΨҶ߻ħСģˣҲͲͨĻضȻһ͵ʵѾǿᵽͨ˶Գɹյĵزˡ
һʱ䣬һֱڲϷԼʱһУҶĽǴԽһͨĿռʱܵ˺֮ʵϾһ٣ֹ˺֮ڵĴԼ壬뽫Լ˺Ƭ岻˳ġ
ԼгȻô򵥾ͶȹǴνѣΪ˺ǹǿѾղеĵزͬʱҲ㹻ǿĻȻǶɲȥġ
ҲҶһֱûڴŽɻͻȻðԭ򡪡Žɵ۹ȷǿᣬΪ˥һ㣬ǾԶҶǿοҶڸճ³ʱ͵õһδԶһߣܴݶȹǴΣ
ھŽɣ˼˵Ļƾ蹦ŹȥĿǱݶ˺Ƭ
ϵݶã˺֮ԼգǾݶܵһұΪڲдڼԼƵĶ֮̽䵥ȡȻҪֽǲôͽ߳ȥԼôġ
ôǵĻҶĶͺͻܹɹӶгǺܿĵģûյġ;Сݶɵ
û߻ħʣ
һڣԼƺб仯Ҳû̫⣬ֱͿԼһȵɫԼܳʲô仯ôѵղյʱҵˣ

ŮˣȻԼòǻŮ˳Ҳס
ֻ´һ»غͻȻȵ˵أСˡ
ʲôػæͷȥԼﻹһСųһ

ҶļԷʵеͷֻۣÿһֹԽûͷԵĶԻָһԵ˱һ֣䵱ʦᡭ
ʦͺͻؾһ㶣û뵽ܵʱȻõʦһʡ
һ˵֮ǿʦҲ֮ĳƺнܣΪʦȻǸţжˣôѾǳײʱԾԲĽܴʡ
Ҷļɻ󣬵Ͷ˵һλѾ߰ˣ
죬һȣһȻģҶĵǹȻǵɽ֮ô
ɽ磿ҶҡͷЦ࡭
ɻ󲻽⣬̾ȲˣʦֺǱڴ˵أãһͬһ顭
˸֣ǰΪԼһͼʦ֣ΪҶǿĿǰԲʲô£Լĵƺһ⣬ֻΪʲôôɵľͳҶˣ
ϸѯʣڳҶǰԵĻף˵ط̸֮ءҶڽʱȻǽ䱸֮ɫȴ㲻٣ɼԼʦ⵱һ˵ĹϵôǢ
ʶһ֮Ȼʲôʲô鲻ʣ΢Ѱ˼Ƭ̣Ҷĳ飬Ӱ˵ĽҶߺɽɷһЩС˵Ҷ֪
ЩҲûʲô˵ģȴ͸¶˼ҶıȽõϢʱ£˻ֶһЩС£Ǳ㲻ˣߵһԴ
ˣͲܹ˵Ҷ֪ߵһ֮£
ȣҶյյģҶ뿪Ŷʱ䲢̫ãô̵ʱܹ㾳磬ȻһҲû˵Ҷ׼Ժѯʡ
⣬ɽɵԴӰҶ֮ƺûרϰ˼ɽæھӪԼɣҶպ󲻵һ꣬ͽɽɴĺǿʢ֣Լ棬ɽҲǽһһǿɣɽɱϾվãиϳɽ֮ơ
ƽҶߺĵڶʽϹĳɻ飬Ҷӳɻ֮Ҳڽ߶ˣϹҸ˷ҲӦԪ˵Ϲҡ
ϹϹȴ׵Ϲһ˽ߣ丸ϹϹžصĵλҲûصе뷨յɽˮ壬ĺò
һǸɽƽңҲһסˣ˾ɽҲ˲С
Ľأ
ʦֶĿڳ͢УǹԽԽˣٲȻһһ֮£֮ϵͷò磡
˵⻰ʱûвʲôȴҶɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼɫ
ʦô
Ҷ̾ľַش֮Ľ㣬£
ǱĹԱҲͰˣĽһ޳ϵı㹻ȫƾ˸λԼǻʵͽĽԹֱĽԻǽƣæ˵ĶûУ
ĽԺͻʵ۶Լͽܣʦֵܵ꣬Ҳһ˷ԼҪ顪κһʵҲԼĳһһ
ЩҶҲܲˣ֮λΣͻشǣйоأ޴ȴҲʲô󹦣
Ҷĵ˵ͷԼѾɽɴ˺ܺõĻ߸ͲҪʲôֻҪͰķչȥɽɾܹչΪϲɺӵĴɡ
Ҳ÷һ𳤴໥Ҳܰһ£ҶȻû˴һԵ뷨ߵһҲһ׮¡
Ϣ֪ļƺ޸£ֻĽҲãΪûпΪһˡ
ȴʦԼɽϱһСıˣɽ֮ˣзɽϵĻȪУȻһǧ꺮

ҶˣԼһȪĳգʦܻعͷܸѰһǧ꺮Ҹ۵ӾȻڶͷҵġɽҲɣȫ˭Ҳûҵӣȴ͵ļһѰ⡭
˸̾ͺ֮⣬ƺҲҲʲôĽˣǲʣǲҲµˣʦܶȻǷ˹֮ѡ˺Լһ޶˫Ȼһˡ
̸һҶ֪ʵʵɽϣżɽתת֮⼸ʱ䶼Ȼ٣ҲȲԼΪڣִɽɵʱҲܹһ
ֻ˵СƺڵѰٲҪԼʱڸ®ɽԺúһ

ܵ˵ɽɾһ֮ˣҲȽƽûʲô·ΨһҲЩѾˣ͢Ȼ´ΧˣֻЩѾһ㣬ôɱɾ˵ƽݱƫԶ֮أȺѾȻһٲȻһҪ̬
³͢ĶЩѾ֮ϣԶԴЩ˵Ҫǰ˲٣
Ŀǰ͢æñԶΪɵĽ˶£ƸãûдѹҶĹǳһսԪó͢˲٣ԾЩΪпܰЩɼӿָٶȣȴҲûʲô󰭡
ʰЩ£ҶĳĬƬ̣һֱͿѯʦ֣ܲܺ˵˵
Ҷ룬־Ȼ֪Ӻ˵ֻȽ׽ʵǼཻ磬ͬʱһЩ˵
ҴϢܹգǵһֻҲǸͳƣʵҲиеͣʦյģʵڵоǱȽϲģ
͵˵ͷһ⣬ԼһȴԼȻ޵ˣҲû˼ŬĶ
µ˼еĿ꣬ǿ͸ǳ˵߰ᣬԼʦ֣ĿǰʵҲɲ⣬ȫ²͸ҶʵﵽʲôĲΡ
ȻҶֱӾͳϣԼнΪ뿿ڻûɾĳҲụ̂ǧ꺮ľҲһԼڵģ
⣬ԼõĻһ㣬Ĵ𹦴ʱչֳѧӦеķɣǰȻҲ𹦣ܹʹһȻǸѾǿᣬҪԭȵĻ
ǣ͵ĴڹӣܹӳӦеϴ뺮ԻƣûڷʳʱоŪ
ȻҩԱȳҪͻҲһԭ뺮ȪȪ۵ײ⵽ȪȪˮйأһȪˮĻԵǿ֮˿ǳҪҪȪĻҲֲȥԡ
ʦ̸ֵһҶ˳̽͵Ĺ书ʱԼ࣬а˶ơ
صΪΣ
̸ʱ򣬻صûдչĴ߶ڹۿ续ľ£һܵߣˮԼʲô仯
ۣ󣬿вɣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷŵԵȲ˵ˣȽ֮ڸ㣬жᣡ
ԼĿھһһ˵˵֮ŵⲻĹھпܲƣҲпܲʺʦʹáʦ뷨Ķһʵķ
ֽԼµĴ˵ʱͲɽҲֻƺǺܺãʦ񻹱׷ɱ
еȵǣҶĶھݶԼǰĲ²⡣
ʦ˵ǶǴǶģ
ݶɰһԣûȥǾԼҲ޷ȥûǿ˼ⶫǰҲöһۡ
Ҷ߹ȥ¶ϵ·̾˿ֻǲ²⣬ʦܽҲǴⶦгǲ²ˣ
ͱĲ֪˵ʲôҶȴƣιҲԼһԽ֮ǰأʱҶͻȻԼϵָ΢ĹâҶͻȻһĪָֺйأ


071 ݶ
̧֣Ҷһδָ۵ָ
ǰôһΡ
ҶĵָָĦƺҪָ仯Լʼ޷ʲô֮ϵĴޱϤĸоָɻǸָ
ѵָ;ݶ֮䣬ʲôϵ
ԼյʱΪָԭ򣬳ʱ侹ȻԼԽʱʮꡣ
ҲʲôϾָʹԼϣһЩҲأϿûָΪʲôʱ붦еʱ䲻䣿
ܾܲݶյʱ漴˶κһʱϰɣĻԼ¾Ҫˡ
Ծõķȥ룬ΨһԽ͵ľһеԵɶԼָϣܿΪԼղǿҵָķӦȻָ˾ݶһЩԤ֪ı仯
ĪǡҪڴʱָ;ݶֽ͵ǰ
Ҳ֪ǲãҶķָϵĹâ΢΢е˸Ҷ뵽˴ϥ˹
ʱĹѾָ˲٣ȻһֱûоĻָĻɰԵףҶȻûΪ֮ʱҲѾָСĹ
ȫָչ⾰һѾ»ָ۷壡
վԼʦܺͻԼڵ֮ʵʹǽ
Ҳ˵͹Ҳý򣬻صûйƹҶ뿪֮ǰӡˣҲ֪ѧʲôͲûжԼŲ˽ΪҲԼн͸Ҷ֮һЩס
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ҶİһĻôڴ˵Ҳһѡ񣬷Ļ
Ҷ뵽˴ǰڵʦܣҪܷȥȻȥʦúͻѰ˴Ͼ棬Ҫࡣ
ҲҶԼһС磬ĻʵǷǳԼӵģԼػҪúϰ֮һʱҲ뿪ͷͬ⡣
ʦֶСģ
Ҷĵ˵ͷûٶԣתȥѰᡣ
˷ܳȥôǻЩҪϵʿæȺһЩЭ飬ôȥˡ
ûôϵʿϵʿҪѰԼȻµԼѰ˳ȥķţпܻԼǰþݶƬռǹƭͷҪͺͻظɱйǾˡ
˵˵ĺã
ѰʱϵʿҲֻھİˣҶ߹ȥһˣҶĳҪܷþݶһȥͬҪҪһȥ
ۣҶѰ˷ţ
ҶЦЦҲ޷
˵ʵڵģҲȥΪ䵱ȻĿǰﻹǿʢʵҲûǿøɵĵز䵱ɵĵλΪԼͻȻ䵱Ҫ鷳
Ȳ˵ԵģǶüһֱչѸ٣ϼʮǰһС˵öüͻȻ˼յӵʱ򶼱ķ򵥣ȴв˶С˵֮ȻԶüһлͷ׷Ͷ˸֮¡
Ƕüƺչ򣬶׵ľ䵱ԼɽɣΪüǿʢвľҡ
Աϵʿ򶨣ǲΪˣпܳȥȻҲԵúǿġ
ֻҶľôԼҲûжֵĴ㣬̾˼ҪԼ̸
ˣҶĳǰһˣǲ֪ǰһƺˣ
ҲգϾԼǰ˶ԷҪԷ֣ҶһֱôѾԳ֮ãƿڴҲϡǺǣҶʲôµ˵޷
Ҷ룬Ѱ˼Ӧô˵Ƭ֮ŵҶĳҪݶⶦɽ֮ҪѾˣ
˵ͷҶҲϽݶԵѾ˹ȻǰǰһҶ˽Ϊһڲ˵ļһϾҶҲΪ˱סԼɣΪһ֮𣬻ٶʵ
ֻⶦβܽǣܱǻȥԡ
᲻ҲʵѰ죬ȻҲԼŴҪɽɵ뿪磬ȻٽҪ
Ҷ̾͵ʵǱһҪռ˶Ǵ˶е׳֮ôֻһֱڶУ
ɣҲݶܵļޣһ˵ɵżͻֲĸоˣճɹöҲʿԵĵɡ
ҶǣǣҶĶһǿ϶
Ҷ˵׹ȷ鷳ޱȡ
ֻҶļ˵ҶҲã˥ȥǻҲпҶĳҲ¹ش󣬲Ҷĳһԣǲ֪Żǲţ
ʲô
Ҷ΢ЦһͲϹûӦŽѰ죡
ſ콫Լ˵˳˥ܣؼƶȻλǰþݶ´Ԫķţͦ˶ã
ĬȻҲҶⷬ˵ҲûдǶ֮ȫǧȥˣǱһȺһȺ߸յˣ
ȻôһӿԽԪ´һõ³ָܻʲô̶ȣõĽǻָǧǰǧʱ˵ܶʲô£
ʵûа취ˣѡôһţοݶҲڴĺñܹãݶºͻ˸ϵǧƽҲǲܡ
˵ҶҲ׷ʣֻԹ˵ȥҶĳмŹܻӰ죬ϰõԴڸСŹշȻܷɹǺд˽Ӧʲô⣡ãûġ
͵̧ͷһ𾪵ĿҶģֻʱҶһ΢ЦȻǺƣȴ׹ҶһȴƵ˾·
ǲǺųΪôǲǴΪ룬Ϊ˱ȫѪҪҵıôǺãиӣԱסõõֻ͵ķ⣬ǻҵĶҪȫɵӣôǻʲôɣһȺ˽ħͷˣ
ҶõǣȴҲа֮ⷬҶҪаȥ˵ڶţ٣壬ҪЩڼ˼ǧʿļһ˵ǲռɱ
ЩˣԼԼһµļҶĲΪǻ£Ϊ˲˷ֱ
ȻԼҶĵĻ֮ĬԣִҶҪǱ顣
֤
ҶЦѾˣҶĳǰЩӣһǻȻʵҲԽССľϲһ¡
ⷬ͸¶˼һǵյʱ䲻ʵѾҶŹٳɡһ͸¶⹦˶ɣ֤ĹɬѶǵ൱Լѧ֪ʶֱȽϼ򵥣ʺĵ
ʲôȻ棿ҲǼʶ֮ȴþȻ湦ǲ⹦Ҫ淺Ŀȥ˻ôġ
Ȳ̸⹦϶ǻ𲽾ͱЩֻ࣬˵Щ϶ڻĿʼ֣Ȼ俪ȥͬʱҲὫĵһЩɢȥҲǱĻ֡óĲǴĻʼȻϰĽͬôȻ⼸ʮе˥ļ󣬲Ҳ͹ǿйء
ҶЦΣ˿ȥ֤һ
ţҲڿƷȥԼʼղֿΪԼ˵ּһֻ̾ҶֶΣƶϲѰȥҪǾݶ
һҶľ׹䵱ǳ˳νȺˡֻҪһ˳ôͿҶĽ߽⣬ȻһɣһɣԼһʼһƬƬǿеδ
ȻĿǰֻ䵱˳ȥǶҶ˵ҲһشʤһؼʤһǳõĿʼ
ȻǸ߽֮ʿԼ䵱˳ξףͬʱϵҲе˶ҲһЩӣҶõĳ˵˵֤ݣôλͬҲȻҶΪѡֻǲ֪
ҶЦż֮һʢᣬʱҶĳŵȥμӣλԵ׹ֻΪ˷ֹΪǵӶǰյģҪһ֤
ȥе֣ȴҶҪȥģҪԼʲô
ҶŽ͵ҲãҶĳؿһѧУΪ׽ѰһЩӣȥһЩ֮ǰûϰʲô˵Ĺ
Ҷĵ˼ԭҪȥԺøҶ֤ЩӵȷǶʱģǰЩгɵĵӡ
Եˣ
ʵҶĲᣬҲ뷨µǿԴֱӰҶĵĽһˡ
ȴ֪ҶĵĴҪڣԼôĿŵҴܣ׼ͻᱻĳЩ˸ˡ
ȻʾٺɽΪѣҲУҶĻЩһＴǱҧӦҲʹʲôֶΡѾ׽Ķüɡ
οԼĺͲЩħҲԼЩħͷȻΪԭ򲢲֮أǶھݶȱ˭۲Ȼ
Щһﶼ伫֮ҶĶֲô˽⣬һСĻ˵
Ϊ˱ֱߵҶľԼߣץԼı˵
˵˴Ǵ˳Э飬ֻҪԼ˹׽ῴʵ֮ôᶨȻڶ̶̼֮ھʵе𾪣ôԼļƻҲͿԸʩˡ
˵˻ҪǵľγȥˣҶ΢΢ͷֻԼĹֱ࣬ǻͦԶľݶôƮƮҡҡԼǰ˾֮ҶĶԼҪֶ˼ġ
ϣҵĲ²ȷģ
ְھݶϣҶֻһͷһţһص磡
ʱûκηӦҶľ͸оԼ·ܿһ㣬Ǿ˵ĽһкƬ֮ԱûüļͻȻӦȻҲžԼ籡ݶ͵߲ʻ浱С
ŻԽԽҶͻȻðͷͻȻŵź̸ԼļķʽݶԼķʹǾݶҲͻȻ貹âѾҹ˵ɾҫһ㡣
ⷬΪԾҶġȻڼݶĪ뽫Ϊ֮ô˱


072 ص㱣λ
ҶҪݶʱ⣬ⱦһ˽⣬Ҳͷ
ȴⶦ˽Ķ࣬ⶫѰܹ˵ģΪݶͲǵܹʹϹ챦нйϵжϣҪʹݶҲ˲
ҶľȻҪƾΪݶ
ֻãҶĲûһ׼ȫɹֻҪݶһЩϵΪԼһϵƣǾΪ߲ԵʣԼݶѾںϵһ𡪡ʵҶľøǾݶʶΣ֮Ѱһȫڡ
ǻʲôɣݶҶĽһЩϵôҪǲƵһԼȡĻǼֱ̫ˣ
תҶĸоĵԼľƺѾ;ݶһϵþȵǣԼȻڽݶ֮ûɢתһȦȻֻصԼڣͬʱƺøӴˡ
ѵҵþݶķţ
ⲢҪģҶļӴͬʱĬĬź˵ķݶ
һһʱһֱһԾĿţҲûȥһ£Ҷݶγѭʱ򣬾ݶԶķһܹ赲ǰĹĻֻôһԣȴҶһС
ȵһɢȥ֮ῴҶվԭأݶҲǺԭһ޶ΪҶʧˡ
뿪ڣͼҶſ˫Ŀ˵˾䣺ȻɹҲԭԤϵĺһЩ
һҶѾݶΪˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ㲻ϣֻܹ򵥵ӦһЩݶϵķŰˣҲܹãݶһЩȴò˵ģ
ԭݶö࣬ԳɣԪԼѹ˶ֻǴϵ˵ǣʵûв٣ҶҲֻܹһЩǳĲ֣ǾǳĶǡҶĿǰҪġ
ʱҶĲŴӾݶ֪ɾҲݶϵȫñԼһţȻɵн
ֻҶĴʱޣԱڹ̶ĵصܽɾУԺôֻҪݶ֣ôʱصĿԽ˴ȫԼ
ؼڣҶѾ֪ɾԼɾ֮⣬ݶϵ޸ɾɾɹϺɹС磬ЩСһ֮أΪھݷΧ֮ڣǡöݶһϵƾ˶
ЩĿǰκˣΪ漰ʵ̫˵ȥôòײлᰲ粨ֻᱬ
Ϊӵд˶͵ӵС磬ЩŴĸϣԼɿԶռһ˭Ը⽫ЩĽȨڱ˵Уԣһ޴ֻΪ˱ԼٴγΪʸ֮ģҶľȨû£ֻ֪
Щ˵˶ȻãΨһ֪;ԼϵľݶȴϣԲύˡ
˵˼䣬ҶֻԼƾ豦һѷ죬öԺ󻹿ƾ˶ٻصɾ
˵ͷûж˵ʲôȵҶĿһѷ֮󣬾Ҷһͬ뿪˴˵ء
»ص統УһϢҶľһܡȻЩһ˿أĻܻ˾̹һЩο׽вƶԪҲԶԣкʳڼ䣬ʵ˲ôܡ
ҶĻģԱߵһüͷȻһ󲨶ŽüͷչҶע⵽ʲһԼ²һ㱡㣬ȻɴĽԼˡ
ⷬٶĺûκζҲûʲô꣬ɼһѾٿصޱ磬ĸʩչҲҪѰʿࡣ
һҲǺҹ֮ϣһһٻ࿴˿Ҷȿ˿ڣֱȥѧУɣ
ӱɪ֮ȡֻ׺Ϳ˹˸绰̵ĴԼѧУȥеʱ͵һЩòҪЩʿǷ֡
һг˿˹ŷ޻ЩѪǶ֪⣬Լ֣Ӣûʲô˾Ҳþ֪ԼĵӣҲǼˣֻҪܹЩ˾Ϳˡ
뵽ҶѰ˼𱱺Ӿʿԡ˵ԼѾԶ뿪ŷޣǱʲôıĻʱӦѾѹ˰ɣʲ˹˶Իʱŵ֪Ѷ˻չ˻ԲѵıӣһʵҶ벻ͨ
ͬʱ˹˵ǼٵĴޣ֪ⶫֺһ¼ʲôϵ
ĪǣлʲôϡŹֵı飿
ҡҡͷЩʱûʲôϵ鶪һԣҶָѩȥ˸绰ԼϾҪصѧУȥˣǶȾͽãԼȥٳԼͺáҶĲǲãԼȥʱŪϴĶҲˣŮΪſԵһʱ䷢֡
ȵһУҶĲŷҲԱߣȡһ˼˵ʲô㽫Ƿһವһ¾ͷɵĲӰӣѶõķ
תͷҶĵϵѾԸ䵱˳ж䵱ӾҶҲʲôʧ֮ˣ֮⣬ҲλȥѶϢǻ᲻Ӧϵȴǲ֪
ܹõϢҶѾ⣬Ҳǿܹ̾õЩһΣҲҪ飬һ֮Գһȭˣ룡
˵ռ𽣹ȥҲʹֶθҶâҫ貺ò磬ϵʿֻôţҲûвƶ֮ģҶĿĺòȡ
ȥĪǴ˵е
аԸ䣬Ҷֻ񼲷ɣҲϣϾλôҲһˡ
ΪʹٶǰҶֻһѾصУҶԶԶƼԼѧУ֮ڰнڿоš
ȻҶʲôҲûпʣǾһԴţһֱԼĪСʱῴԶһһ⻪ʱ̾׹Ҷڵˡ
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ΪĿҲǼԶѰв㣬ȴѾŮӡ
λҶĳˣ
Ŷϵʿ⻰ҲͲˣλΪβڼеȺ򡭡⻹ҪôȻǶȺ֮ˡ뵽˴ϵʿȻе㲻Ȼܾǲ
䵱ʦһӶеֱ뵽ҲһƵһλͬмҹ鲻ãĴأ
ָоΣԵȵѩͻ·ɵǰ֮ϵʿ˿ûµһֵ̬ͺ·̯߰ϵʿûʲôһЦǺǵŮӼ
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ϧһ㣬ǰֹıȽϵ룬ԶЩڷô⣬ֻŮ˵ʱһЩϰԼеŷ磬ΪŮҲѾСˡ
ŮʱݵĽ⣬Ҳ˸ŵӡ󣬰һɽʵǵ治ף
˿׼ʱ䵽ϣ˷ż̸
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Ҷĵ˵ͷ˴һͬǰΪ˼֤һЩ飬׼ѧڽ֮ѡһЩʳڵĵ̵һȡڼϽǴȥ
˵꣬ͻȻĵˣʦܺҲˡ
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ҶĺǺһЦʦܹȻдԴˣȻҲѰһӣ˺һˣ
Ϥ磬ѩԵúǿûҶһ
黹Ҫ˵򵥵˵ʦҲСķɾԣǸ˵ѾڵɾʦзӿԽˣʦܺضɾء
ԭˣ
ѩûȥʵ̫ϸҲԣ²̸ЩʱҪ̸ǵ̸Ҫġ
ʦ׼ѰʵӣôҪϿˣ
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һѧУûҶ̫صģΪƣʲôԭЩϿεĴ඼ΪҵమãҶıȽӵЩѧסУѧϵرĶС
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ЩҶҲͲˣڶŮȻǾͲżˣͰԭİѧǷż٣ȵѧڿѧ֮ǰһὫ׼ΪӵѧΪһ࣡
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Щѧ۹Ȼȳˣֻôһƣоף󲿷ֶֻһ㣬ǸУ츳Ƕϣϧ̫󣡡
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Ϊ곤ˣܶ鶼ıȽϿ»Լõķţµ꣬ҪгҲǲܵ顣
ʱ»һֱԼľͶ뵽ѧԼͽܶץһʦһĹ֣
ԼϸĹ»кøУʥ֮ҲչֳӦеľء
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ʱѾѧУתһȦҶһأ
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Ѿô׼ʱȥѰҺʵĵӣҲѾˣҶȴ⣬ЩѧЩͳڼҵ伮ܲУɫ
ҶѾˣѧɫǾã
Ѿ֣Ӣ˵ˣ֣ӢԼʦȻҪ˲֮ҲԵú˷ܣʾ׼ȥϼʾԣ̵ʱҶĴ
֣ӢֻҶģ뿪ȥȻ֮ǰҲ΢չʾһԼῴڼ֮ǰΪʶΣգ޷κιĽ֮ʱԵúǾȡ
Ϊȷϸ̽һҶ˵ȫģµ֣Ӣû֮Σܸоһϵڴ֣Ӣ壬ƺҪΪһǿĴڡ
֣ӢľͣŽ׶ΣΪɲǿ׳Щһֱڴ壬ȵһ֮ľŻῪʼ
֣Ӣ˹չֳĶȤһЩɫȽϽӽͳڼҹȴڼҹͬڶӰϰߵʣͬʱöﵽǿս
ϸѯ˼֮ϲ˹һɱİΣ
֮ϿҶ˵ģһָʺ绷ԼɵĹĿǰı
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οɫ춷ϺΪǿ׳ҲǿһЩܵ˵˻ġ
ʵҶļǾһΣҲֻܹȴû׼ԭиٶϼһϹƺ˾Ҳþжϡ
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ҶԵĹͬʱҲ֪ҶĽҪѡĵӣ漴ҪҶĸǡ
ϵѾ֪֪ģѧѾƹȵ֮ҶŽӴ֮ʱϵԵΪ֤
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ĵλʮа˾ܳɣΨһ鷳ҶѾͶüɽ𣬹ǶüβԸԹ
һᵹҲûй̹Ȼľ˵ԼĲ²⡣ҶֻЦŵǶüҪΪԼ˱ѰҶĳǣҶĳҵȻ֣ȻԸе
΢΢һЦ漴ҶͳţһȥҲͲӰƾҶĴʱĹȻȥĶƲʲôĶݷ
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չ·ߣӱֻĪһѧУԽ̵ͳΪѧУܹʲôչ·ߣ֣ȥμһЩЩţ߸ɴͰһѧȥȦָԱ֮İˣʲôչ
ţֻҶĳȥ֮󣬹ӱȵķԼĸ׾Ȼ
ã»׵ԼŮһۣȻŶҶĵҶУѾͷСҲе㲻ӣû˵ʲô˻ɣȴ鷿һ֮Լ˵Ů˳ȥȥҶˣææ²׷˹
ΪԼŮӣŪþͻϳײҶ֪˶ɣĻҶһдͷԼŮȥԣ
Ļԭ뷨ͲʵˣϾҪҶѧգ붼ΪԼŮͽܿǡ
»Ҳ֪֮Լ̫󣬾ҶԸ̵ԼЩֶΣѧ٣ʲôϣǽˡѧһգں󱲵ͷҲһЩС˼ҶԶûұֳ
ǹӱҶĵĻôԼ㲻ˣżææ׷һ¾ȰԼṶ̊һͨǸҶҸ̨¡
һ֮£漴˹»Ϊλ˵ҶЦŰ˰֡
ֻһԻ£ȴйӱգһŰ׾˹عһ㣺֣ôˣһ̭һ٣
»׵һۣ죬ȻŶҶĵҶУĪȥһȥ󶨻úùܽСŮ
ҶĿЦһ£ˡүҲطģǰ֮£ҶĳҪܾ
ҶڼؼֻҪԼ˼һеԵɣȻԼûֱӸظй»ǵ£ؼ֮ŻԵôɴ˵ŵ뷨ҵʱԥԵ飡
»״ϲ̾лֲֻף漴ʩʽİʦ񣬿ǾôһվһӾ;Լӱһһ˲òصɳ֮С
̧ͷһҶǺĶһˮ΢΢һЦ˵˾䣺Ȳˣǰʦʽŵʱ٣
»ԼżˣϾЩ˵ʦͽǴ£ôִٵľӦ£ȻҪƵգȻ׼ٰ졣
һԻȻùӱе㲻ףȴˣƣȻǡ
֣㲻ҪݡָҶģΪʦɣ
ʵ̫ˣԼĸ׺ôҲȫ֪ң¡أҲߣȻҪǸȻŶʮͷΪʦ磬δ̫һЩ
ӱֻ׹УһЩôòʵʵ벻ͨԼĸ׾ײʲôаȻͷ
㡭Ƿ˰ɣ
־ȥԼ׵Ķͷȴ»׻ĵСѾͷƬӣʲô
»ײŲԼˣܹݵΪʦǿǲ֪˼Ӳŵĸ֣Լǲðˣ˵ڹضүӣЩ»׸Լĺǡ
ҶУŮȻççײײģԵҲ㲻á
Ҳһ̽ˣҶĵͷôʹԼŮҲԵɱԼܹѧҪǿࡣ
Ҷתͷ¹ӱһȴҶķֻƾʵƲӱΣŹ»׵ϽҴѧŮŮҳѧ˲Ӱ˵ĹŮӦмʵġ
ǾѧУЩʮĺӣѾʮĹӱʵҶĿá
ֻӱֻǰȻ´Ҷģһɵӣ
Ҷţֻ»־ͳӱžһ£ʲôȥȥ
һµĹӱһԸֻý쵽ҶĵǰȻͼҶָһ
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ӱԵе棬ԭֻҶǸǮĹӸˣһֺɫĹӸ硪ȢһƯţһĲ񻰵飬˭ҲΪֻǵɣ
Ҫǣ֪ǸµŮ龹ȻͺҶסһиӿ϶ԼĲ²⡣
ٺҶĿѧУ¶һֹҶĵӡֶһ֡޷ܵԼĸ׾ȻϣԼº伫ΪƳ磬ӱһֱΪһ϶ʲôʵֶβӮģ
ȻѧУһֱҶûʲôӴӡҲͣ׶ΣֱգǱԼҪΪʦ¼ԴһѣʱַҶľȻð
ѵҽ
ҶĶëҽֻΪϰ䣬ԶǾѨλΪ˽⣬ʱҲ뿴󣬲̽ڲ鿴һˡ
ֻҶüͷʱʱʱ𡭡
һԵĹ»׾;ԼһֱɽһֱڴػĹ·ʼûΪҶĵıôҲܺõӡ
ڹӱֻһůԼȻ˳Լĸ첲Լ嵱УȻͣתȥоһһֱûЦԭĸоʱʱһʹ
ʲô
вͷ֮漴Լĸ˵ֻڴ˵еġ
ѵҶľȻ֮ôܣ
𾪣ҶʲôʱջȥĶûע⵽ֱҶüͷԼĸ˵ŮѾˣľѨѾͱʱѧڹĻ
𣿡»ţȴҶҡҡͷҲˣ鷳һˣҳɾΣʵԱ֤
Щʱգǹ»׻ǹӱҶĶΪܹԼκһ׹ףΪĻʵ̫ӣͲʺ
£Ҷɾӱ͹»׵΢һЩҲһܶûС
οɾеԪ֮ԣԼڵĶ绹ҪŨֻ࣬һЩֻҪŬϣȡһЩɾ͵İɣ
ҶҲû˵ֻ̫࣬Ǹ߹»׻ȥ׼һٽ֮ûãܾҪȥһ֮ˡ
֪ϢĹ»ϲʤĪŮص˼У˵ĹүӻһƿصĺþףһùӱԽĸ㲻״
֣㾿ڸʲô
ʱ֣ӢʮͬԼĻظѧУ


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֣ӢϢҶԤϵĲֱ࣬Ӿͺ˷ܵĴӦҲǺܸɴѡܾбչȻļϵ
ʮ˻˫չĻܷȥȫҶܷ⼸ɲˡ
ΪϵԵҶ֣Ӣѡ˴ĻôһҪѡܵˡ
˵ܵ˶ôã£֣Ӣֲηֱ˭ʺã˭ʻôѡǳ׶ıʽˡ֣Ӣӽ˴
ЩˣΪʵĹϵڶڸָֻҪĽЩʱٶҪһ˿࣬ұͨ˸š
˵ˣ֣Ӣ͵ӣΪ֮ʹӵвݻܣʱԴԴϵĴþ˳ԴŻô̵ʱͳɹţ
һͨĻҶĹûһصţ⻹츳ڵˣοоǰҪȰԼ۷״̬Ͼͨ˿û֣Ӣʣƾ֮ṩȻٲֲ֣ͣӢϵȱ
֣֮Ӣλȥʮ߻ҶĻȨ޳ԼΪϸˣ޶ҲҪ֮ڱ뿴Եĳɹ
ߣֻҪЩ˹ŬһʱҾЩ˾ɹ
ҶĶЩ˵Ļɲ⣬ϾǴ׽Ȩ۷壬ʱȻҲҪСĽһ㣬οּͬӰֵĸ߶սʱ򣿼ɽԣԷûͷȻҪ̽һ˵
ɻǵԭУĳӶļһͷƾ۷״̬ľӲһöСͺ˵ͷֻ˵ˣԼǿսʿôɽѧУ벻ص㱣λǲܵġ
һˣƻҪѰ˼һ£乱׳ȥԼ᲻ҲΣӶ⵽ҶĲŲЩοЩҲҶԸİѾǴˣǵλֱĳǿܲˡ
ΪûӣʷϺܶЩڰеƲĵȻܣ峯֮ʱԼҲΪͳһҲ벻ùأ彭ɽ
ԣ̸дһʼҶľʹ˲֮أοҶǸϸͺôʵûоܾĵ
֮Ҷڲ鿴ʮ֮󣬽е˻ȥԭܼ򵥣Ϊ˵һظȴҪ࣬Ҫôȫ޷Ծ𵽰Ӧ
֪и˵ӦʱҶҲһ£λʵʵľ˵޷̽Ҷ뷨Ǳʲôǿһ㣬ҶķĲ٣ǿ֮Լıȫλģ
ȻҲлоݶĹֻͣЩȴûӺúȷֻȶһԡ
ʣµˣһǲݷ硢һʹñһ֣Ӣһʹû棬˵Ļȴǵɫ¶ҲҪ֣ӢĻϲ١һʱҶ²һˣ
ȻһĻɫɫɫҲеҶĺһϲȭİô
ڵõ˷񶨵Ĵ֮Ҷ̾һϧ
ˣһ˵ȽأȻǿʹֲһʹ׵硣
ڱߵļˣ˻һԲݷ磬һݻһӦһǶ̾˲ƶҶǺܿ˵ģϧ֮̽˵徹Ȼ֣ӢĻ죬޷󲻵òʹ
ǸǲӰӣȤҶȴһڽߵʱ͵͵ĺ֣ӢһǸӰӵеŹ֣˾עһ㣡
֣ӢʱҶڿЦע⵽Ҷĵı࣬̾Ѱ˼һֱ֮Ӿ͸˾˸绰ȻϢһηϻ鱨ȥ
µˣֱַŷ㡢סա٣
Ҷ˵ҽֱܺ˵˾䣺ôҲѹ뷨Ϊ˵ǡöӦܣͬʱҲպöӦԼ
ΪǹԣѾˣⲻڹеĴţٲȻǴӶӳŷһӳֵһֱʱ˵ǰһ߼Ҳž˵ķ緶ǴӾӳġ
һ˵꣬һһߵ߶һ䣺͵õְˡ

ҶֻʲôҲû˵֪ôƺ⼸Ҳ㹻ˣҪ˽̫ϸҪĽ֮ڣ⼸վұ볬50%ǿȣֻʾЩ˹һȵʵ
ȻǿܵĻҶϣ̶Ǽȫܽ㣬Ȼʣһһ¾ҲҶڰһʵ飬ܲƾһֱӳϵ
ҲʡƾָȥٻǼϾ𵱳һ¾ͿٻһΣٻһεĻԵޱʵǲܹ⽫˷ѵ
ôţͬʱҲȦѧȵҶ˾֮Ѿȥ¡
¼ƺ˺ܶ飬綼ҪҶ˵־ֲƸһλµִоĹҶĲڵʱҪ֤ܹתȥ
ͬʱΪ˲ԭҶָ¿һ֧Ʊһ·ݵʱǿӵݣ˳ҶĻӢ˼
ȻعҶԼŮԼյĵһһֵĴڣȻ໥ԵûİܹҲֵĹһꡣ
Ȼһʱ»׾ʹʼһ˿ͷĹӱԼͲ֪ʲôҶİꡣ
»׵жԼŮͽܺһΪӦҶΪǰԼĹ»װŶԡ
ϣҶУ֪ǰܵҰꣿٰ
һⲻȥ͵ʱôͻὥԹĺ¹»׺ҶĵͲֻ࣬ȽϷҶĵӲȥᣬֻƾȻչ
ƽİӾôȥˣҶЩ˳˾
ڸ˽ЩʱǻûʲôӦһֱͻȻ˾䣺׹ʲô
ҶͻȻһЦȻһƺʹºص⣺ϲô
ٺ׾֮Ҷ׷һ䣺
ΪΪŮӵٻὫַ£ûϵֵľȻףٵСŵ⣬ɷǳͦ
ôȭʿɣ
ٵ˵ͷ
šǾͺãΪҼڸǵŹǱ˸ݸȭǸģ

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Цɣ
˺һſЦſ˿ڣȭҵۣȻ˽ǸоĶô£Ķôʵʹã
ҶȴĻɣֻǰͷ˵һ䣺Ϊ룬Ծܣ
װζʮĻӦû˵ķУҶ֣Ӣֳʾüɵ˲ò졣ΪٵǾ䣺Ȼľһ˶ˣǰλܺǲ˵ȷԽƲܵΪܡ
ҪǣҶͽܵҲ֣ӢǴʱ򣬲ûҵݣ˹Ȼ˵ͷΪЩֻǽǵĳطĳѧϰĳֹǸ˽⡣
ֱʱǲףҪѧĹƺǸ˲õΪ֣Ӣڲڳ˿ƻ֮һǴļһȻڻһ΢֮󣬺ɵڵҳһӡ
Ҷһ֣ǿͽ֣ӢѾĿӸƽȻż˾̾Ŀҽܡ
ҶģɽšɽҲǲûΪǱУ꣬Щſʼ߶λҲ
ֻôӣٶĻѾҪ˵Ϊڳļ˭Ҳʲô֪ĳҶһЩǰûʲôһִεˣȻǿԷݵصˣ
ѹֶΡ
Ȼɽɵǲĸ䵱üصɣЩҲͱͨǿ˵ǼֱӵĴڣͺҪҶһ˲ҶվţҪӡ
Щ֮Ҷļ򣬶˴ʱԳϵĲ졣
Ҷе㾪ȵǣõľȻһֱôϲ˵ףպŮӡ
ƺֻһ㣬ҲڿɽܵķΧڡҪǣڵĺ֮ǿᣬֻҪܹõõҲоٶȱ⼸˶Ҫ졣
ΪӶӳŷ㣬ʺԶ㲻ϺãڵķҲûǿᵽЩĳ̶ȡ
Ļһ֮ŷͻᱻԼĶԱ˦СĲ֪࣬·ֻ֮ܲƾ˸ָӵĶˣ
Ķˡ
˼˻ҶļԼĹһֱ󽫲ܽĶ꣬һش˺ü֮ͻȻ²ʵ֪ҶŽʲô̶ȣ
ҶЦҡҡͷ۾ͻȻһĪҶѾ˾
Ҷļҡͷ
ĪǡѾ˴
ҶʼЦ󾪵Ŵͣǧƻ֪ҶſóΣ
ҶļԽ˵ԽûףϽֹסĻͷʵҲ򣡡
ٴX 5
˼ﰵһ㽫ĵԼûĶѵǵС𣿡
˶Ҷһ׵ĲᣬһֱҶĿ˵Ϊ˾ͲĹˣҿʼʱ򣬿ûоֶ
׹ô£漴ҲûϾȻһԼСĸоȻҲֻεűˡο֣ӢѾˣûбֳʲôԾĵط
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ѩҲ΢΢һЦû˵ʲôЩҶѾһжŮ˵ˣҲ֪ЩӾҪȥɾʱܺԼطꡣ
Ҳ֪˱ûӣ
ҶֻǴ˵͵һЩϸ΢֮ȴûԣѩֻǰԹԼպѾô꣬ĻӦѾѮҲ֪Ƿ񳤳׷ˡ
Ҷ֪ѩ뷨Ȼǳ϶ҡͷȲ˵ʦܵ⣬ĹǽϵϰʮҲûаͷð
ȻЩҪЩӲ˵ѩΪʱŵУһе׼Ѿˡ
ᣬȻҶĵ׼֮ǰ˹


076 뷨
ĵΪҶĵЩӵ飬һеҶĵϡ
ȵ˫λ֪ʿһڣҶĲãѯɾ顣
ҶšϵǰֻǡϵʿԵеΣҶϸƬ̣漴򾿾⡣
ףԼǾݶ⣡ȻԼһסЩʿĿڣԼɽȡһʱ䣬Ǿݶչ¶µֶΣǿԳɾ
Ǳ֮£ôһҲټҳһˣ
ܹȥɾıϾֻˣʿǻŶӵĻĸɲϣԼĵӿԵõõԵЩ˴Ӹ֪Ҷ¿ɾ֮Щ˶ϣĿǰΨһҶĽȽϺõܴΪ˵˵͡
Ҳֻ̫࣬ϣҶܸɷһЩҲ
Ҷ룬鵹ҲǲУԲڣϾմſɽɳȶķչȥʵȥԶʳŭʵð졪ȻҲӦһȻɶɾҲĻδ߯һЩ
ҲǲСҶ룬пɲĵطǲõɽɵĵλ̾ôһأʹ䵱ᲢۣҲ˶١
ҪǣȫƾɾɽɳΪһأɲƾһɾ֤ǧ겻˥֮۵
˼ȥȫ̸ֻҶĿɲ׼¾͸ЩһôֻĿǰУ
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ҶĵҲ֪ǾݶҶĳҲΪãʩչáþݶɾҲΪ鷳ͬ˵ʵô㣡
˵ͷҲȷˣϾԼҶĴҲǺ
Ҷĳչһʱ䣬Ƚݶһͬʱһɾе֮ھͿԿٳһȶͨʱٽɾλͬУ񲻸ã
ЦЦҶ˵ǣֻϵҲûָҶ̾ͽɾøãҶ˵ѾԳˣ
ҶԲһ漴Ⱥĸǻǧ˰ģ㿴ļһҲǰ꿪⣬СҲԼڶʮЩҲú˼ɽ°ɾͨˣ϶ʮҲҶһֻô٣ʲô˵ģ
ҶĵĻֻ֮ҶΪ䣬ؿ㣬ҼΪˬȴ֪Ҷǰ˼ϰˣûӦߵʱ
ЩҶ˵Ǻ£ҲûҪȥ壬̸һ֮ϸѯһЩοͨ⡣
ֻλ䵱ʦüͷ˼һɾص˸飺ҶžúʣûѰһ죬ڵϿٳһȶͨ
Ҷȴͬ⣺׽ĿƼչ̫Ѹ٣˿Ҳǿֲǿڵϣ鷳
ҶžĿͨΪʣ룬òҶԵȷЩϾ͵һڵǸʱѰĵ濪һ˳ɲᷢʲô⡣
ôͷǳˡ
ҶָָͷҶĳ֮ϣƶ֮пһͨǺʲȣ޷̫Ȼ˷ɻ֮ĶҲͬơڴ֮ϵƬŪ㻨Ȼʲô˵ע⡣
оƶҲΪ۷ܹڵס಻Ƽľı˭ˣҲΪƶԭƲУĻӦ֮Ҳ᷽ࡣ
֮ôöȥҶǲܵģӦɾ׸λͬһѾʾ㹻ĴȺͳ⣬ѲɻҪͰ͵ĽŴүһ˶
ȻҲҪҶôһͿԿҶĻûʲô˶ô򵥵ľͷŹҶǴͺż꣬һնɱغʦսһ
Ȼ˵˶üɣȴҲʿƺǵһȽǿЩ˻Լ˶ڣҲǰǰ㽫Լ̫ߵλˡ
ƾ˴ҶĶԻᣬͿ֤ʿҶĵӡһССϺĻɸڵҲˣʼǰ㣬ͻżЩеһЩʿ;úǸ߿ȴٲܷˡ
⣬ҶҲ֪ǱӾʿȻɻԵУȻѾͻɣǰҲԴ޲ߣȫô¡ֻһ˲鿴󣬵һǲλһȴ죡
һ仰ҳһţ˶֪ӦôˣΪֻԼеӱɱýɱȥӱҲˣ࿼ǵʵ˵ĹܱȽϸߡ
µȴȫ˵˵Ҳ֪ʲôҲ֪Ӧô
ЩϢҶҲеĪϱ˵̫ͻȻҲͷԣֻ¡ӵڲƭԼܵŷޣҲ㲻ʲôˣҶȻȥͰ͵ĸӲġ
Щ֮ҶѯһǴ޵顣
ǵȷ˵⣬ɵǵĵȷȷĽ͵֮˸ץˣҲ׷˱ǡ᲻ɵÿЦһ׷һٵı
ٵģҶ˵˹ԵĿһޣвͽϵĪŷѪ˸ɵģ
Ƭ̣޿ܣɶЩŷޣҪǸ׷Ĵ䣡
ԴҶֻаϲѰޣȺһ޷ʵʩǱļƻҲõȺȺԼʩѹˣ
ҪĵľֻЩ뷨ϣܹռݶⱦ̰֮Щ˲ܳȺɱȻаԼڣȺ˱һģԸҲҪ򵥵Ķࡣ
ҶĿǰʵȻܽЩһﶼɱɸɾҪסԼ˳ƸȺһһЩѵõġ
ҪǣҶϾҪȥɾչأ⼸˭Ѱ˭һ򿪿ռѷ죬뵽Ѿȫնɾȥ
ǰҲ̰ͼľݶˣϾӾݶҶľ͵֪ʵС磬Щ˴һռݵԼ
ҶĿɲΪСֻйУûɵ̶ֳȡû´ĻжŷЩطȻƵĵطЩ񻰵ĵ֮ء
뵽˴ҶͻȻһ뷨
ҽݶȫ׵Բ磬ҽ챦ľ֮ܲǿнЩСںϳһµ磿
ЩɾŵԣҿԲϵµΪֻ߾סֻҪעһ㣬Ҷһ»ĻôǿԱ֤ĳԣȵġ
׽Ļôӣ߲֪Ƶ⣬Ĺ׿ҪĶࡣ
ԣҪһֻ߾סôֻҪ΢ע㣬ܾͲٷˣ
ܵĻӲ͵ڴһ磿Ҫɣɽɻñɹ
룬ԿܱԼɽһɽ绹ҪΪȱԼܹݶݼɹҪһ߱ݿռ֮һжǰ׳
ᣬҶļԼ顣
ʱɽѧУѾ¿ѧϸѧڴΪͬһ㣬УҶѡʮѧԼʮʦһֵرࡣ
ʱĿγ̶ǵڣȻҶĲûжԴκεĽͣǴʦѧ˽ƺΪҶУ׶ǣ
һѧУĲԵУƽɼҪһİ༶߳һأ¾͸ʵǸƺ׷һ䣺ɽѧУܹѧöĵط
ʵϣҶĵȷǸഫһЩİѧϰĶɫŲֵŲ֡У
׵˺̵ܶʱҵУⲻе˶һ
ȻĻʺȥѰУɫȴһ̶ֲ⡣
ȷҶǰǸ磬һʿڰʱҵеĻôһʵڵһӶҵУԸߴٷ֮٣û⣬ֻ츳֮˲С
ɫԽƷſһ㣬Ҳ˵֮˾ͿƾɫҵУҲɫԭ
֮⣬˵ɫǰǸһġȷһҪѧӾһӹڴѧϰѧ֮˭Ӿܸߵͣ⼸һĿȻ顣
ҶҪȺ˴ɾȥǻֿȻɫҲһԪԪԪƶͺƵ׽粻һСһϰŵĸо
ǵɾԪ֮£ں̵ܶʱｫʵܴһء
˵ǾЩ߾ֻƾԼڵ֮ṩõȥɾĻѰ൱ԪȻ档
ʵҶĿǵЩʱԼҲеڣҪɫˡ
ȥԼɫҲû׼ɫٿҲҪֲһ¾ͳɸ֣Լٶȥġ
뵽ҶҲƽˡɫЩԼ˵ټˣҪĻ治þͻڵԼ졣
˼ӽ̵ѧ£ʮѧһºͱ޳ʮʮʦȻֻˡǹӱԼ»׵ͽ档
⣬ǶʮѧȻһˣǵӦƸʦɣҪѧɢ֣ܽܣ
һﻹıѧˣƾӲһñôҶҲ΢ЩĹۡ
ʮ˼Ϲ»ףͳΪ˴˴ҪȥɾеѡЩй»׺͹ӱûѧϰɫԸŮѾȷҪɽˣҶĻѰ˼ڸʲôɾгԪܣѡɽͳҲһ
浹ѧŵɫҺҶľȵǣλүӵĵʵŲһ£ԼԼиоˣٸһʱ䣬׶ż
ֱʱҶĲŶʮ˴ŵĽһ
˷ȥУûиزҪȥĵطΪңԶ޷ϵģ
ҶĿˣȴ˶ûвɵɫĿԱһƳ˹űѾϸľʯ˲鷳ȺԼ˹ǿôܻһ᣿
ܹıһĻᡣ


077 ŮƳ
Ϊ˿˹еıݣҶĲҪ˷̫ĿˮѧУЩѧĸϣԼΪһĴڣ
ǸĪѡȻĪԼʼûнӵеĪǰԵᣡ
Լ֪ԼĵѾתˣѾԭڵĲŵˣΪҶѡУѾ֣ӢͬĲţֻЩҪȵɾ֮ɴӵŷϸĺȥ˵
ڿ˹ȫһĿֲɱһȭһһ˸ߵľʯķ飡ԵúܾȣȴһֲϵĸоԼҲָ֪оӺζ
˿ѧЩųĹâֱԽճɻҽ֪һЩƤëĹӱʱҲǵԲ˫ۣ㶵ĿһʯмӲ鿴һ⾿ǲʯͷ
˹ǶЩԼġžԼηĿںֻЦŶ˵˾䣺ֻҪŬҲģ
һֹţڰ˧װᣡû꣡
Сƺ˿˹ãԱϻڲϵֺÿ˹ȫһСģ˿ûһֵԾ
Ҷļû˳бʾҶȥϿȷЩ֮Ҷͳֻѩ˸绰
Сʱ֮ѩż˻ϣŮȻʲôҲûãҶǵĴﱦﲻһ˶߰ĶʵԼҲһ
һ˴һЩӦûɣ
ѩüͷƺһ󣺡ҴſԴʮң¿ҪһЩϾɷûã
Ҷ㣬˶ʮѧ֮⣬й»סӱԼһʦǶʮĸˣ֣ӢסԼ˾ǶʮŸѩͻܹϽӽʮʣµĶҲǲС
˹ˣΪѾ춷ƾ趷С⵹ԭﲻйãҶͨĥԼ֮ȻɫʽһЩ޸ĺĲ
ҪгĸٷУӵк춷ϵΪУ̶ȻǿҲԷɣֻܶ;ķУٶޡٵ͵ĻƶͰ׶͸ˡ
Ǽ˵̸һһԴˮǹӱȫҶĺŮ˵ʲô
һĻȴ˶ĿɿڴվֽŶ֪ôڷš
ֻҶԼѩ˸˹Ǵӻͳһ֪߶ʲô֮ŷͻȻȼ漴һ˾ͺƴʧһ͵ĲӰ
˲֪ʱҶĵֳǵǰһѩƣҾˣ˾ȻԾĺһ
⻹ѩ֮£ԼĽȫЩ˸ͳܲסֻǴľҲԽЩ˴Ĳͣˡ
󼸸ѩȽϽ˶ȻⱩ࣬ҽȺһǾͷԼȻȫܿһ׽˽ȥ
пͺͻȻޣʮ˸ͻȻ̽ȥһ㾰ʵеֲҺ͸ģ˶ĵʮ˱ȥ֮ҲûбҧƬڻ֮Ŀֲ¼
˻ûʶʲôͼ͵ķһ⣬ͺƻһ͵ĳ嵽ȥҲӰֻܿǵµĳβ͡
Ҷ̧ͷ˿Щƽ˲һƵļ֪ѩڵ֮ڵԼԻ˵Ҳܴˣʣµı㶼Һˣ
ţµ˵ͷǲÿЦ⣬ֻһ׹֣ȻղŵһĻһΡ
ǰһĻһ˱ֵҪƽĶ࣬ԴҲָת찡⡭ⲻǴ˵е𣿡
ϰ֮ˣҲɹֵȤǰ껹ӳһųɺЧСƬַеĳҲáЩڵӰԺĵӰ˭ҲûгһվȻʵм㾰
ţֻǵ׹ҲѾ𣬶ϵ˾ֻʣʮˡ
µΪǱԤϵҪõĶ࣬Ȼ˰˸ˣҶĴһƣһ¾ˡΪʣµ⼸ˡ
ȣ֣ӢԼ˶ڣ»סӱԼҲڣһǹܽܣһǵҶҲССһ£кڳֱ۾Ǳʵᡣ
ˣһ·ϵİˣ
˵꣬Ҳ˷ʣϹһ˹ԼĽ⵱Уɫ𣬷ɵƲλú͵һתŶɶȥϹһת֮̾һ׹Լ⻪貵һ߻һβ͡˹ǵⱻûˡ
ϧ⾰Ѱȴ
ηʵϲ֣Ϊ˶ˣٶȿ첻ҪˣòСĽ˭ȥǿɾˡ
һ·϶СԼѩȥ˵ֻͷС˳;оҶģҲһηһĲˣռܻشһ⡣
˼Ҳ²ʻĺʱֻ棬ϣܹ쵽Ŀĵء
˵ʵôвҶĵСĽ˿͡ҲĲˣһ䣺֪ɻȵǸȻټϹȥأ
Ȼĵص㣬Ҳ֪ǵط϶ͨɻû뵽ҪȥĵطȻôԶҴ󲿷·̶зɻġ
Եȵɾλ֮ʱ˶ǳһȻٴҶֵĳȻյлһ
ݶҶڣʹþݶԼŲҪԭųֻҪʹС
ֻǼҶһӣһĹ⻪ת֮һֵѷͳ˵ǰȻ˻ûü̾ʱҶĴŵȺ˾ͱý˽ȥ
ѩͻҲ˽ȥȵ˹Ҳѷ֮ҶĲһУһȥǵѷ漴ʧɻǸգ˿ûа쳣
ҶҲܺͨռѷʱǸʲôоһʱԾ䣬Ҳû⣬˷̽һ¾ʲôر֮ǻûȥоͷԼǰһԼվһƬ续ĵط
תͷһһ˾˶ڲͣĴܣĻ磬ѾǼΪԼˡ
ĿµĲ˼飬ֻһ㻹ûп֮ţҲоĵڲͬ
µĿ֪Ϊʲôһ˶٣
ֹҶеˣһһ¾ͻָ˾񣡡
ϣһȣ˵ʲôõµطֱȾа˵棬ֻҴһ£ﻨ㣬вСڸ˿ûбܻȺ˵˼ĪǴ˵еɾ
ҶĿһ£ֹסȺ˵Ĳ²⣺Ȼ㲻ɽ磬ҲǴˣҶɣˣ
ǵһЩĵطȥĻһڣǾǴ˵еĶ츣أɼ˶ϣܹҵɾ
˳˿֮⣬̾ѣԼȻ֮⴫˵еĵط
ǾҪˣλÿҪľԼ
ҶĴ˻һ˳ʱʲôͻȻʵԵأסأûдϴ·
ϵ⽫˵ע˹ȻĿȫеҶĵϡ
ֻҶһһʮĴ𰸣ط㹻ĲȥΪʳͬʱҲ㹻ĲϿԸǷӣλҪԵĺסģôԼְɣ
ңֲεΪһ޷ıǩҲһ

Ϊ⼸仰ЩҪæľǸԼӣҺô˴ε˽϶࣬ŮҲ͵ģ໥ҲǱȽϤȽӸҲûʲô⡣
ѩͻһӦţɾУֻҪ˲·ʲô͵ҰޣҲûʲôΣտԡ
ҶԼǳʱȽɾתһȦŪɾ͵֮⣬˳Ҳȥͺͻء
ɾҶú̵ܶʱͿԽһظת˸ţͬʱҲɾȻųɾҲǾ԰ȫڣѾ˼֮أд඼ΪĳֱȽ͵̾ᡣ
ҲЩɱĴ㣬׼Լ֣׼ЩţȻΪԼЩӵ
ţĻҲӦýɱһֱĻһЩ
ͷһɾе඼ڵһʱһ飬˯ҲͻȻ۾Ȼǳ²鿴
ĪǴ˵еҰ޵ֱ
ԼԶһֻϻԭתȦ鿴ǲǳ˵ˣҶһԶȥһߺѰ˼š
ȵת֮ѰͺͻأԭԴԼ˷֮ܿյйؼȻͷΪõзʽͨʵϤŹ
ԣʱһֱ棺ץҰһԵϷ
ΪԭҶĲûڵǸطҵˣʱҲצȥץأǼٲȻһҸŮӵܡ
ʦ֣
ĺǹƤûϵҶľȻǰ棬ԼһģȻԼʦ˸ţʵеΡ
ʦܣ濪İ
ʹͽյһԣʦôˣ˴λǲ׼סˣ
ҶҲûЩϾϾ˼ҷ֮飬οԼѩԼ˽ֵʱ򣬿¸Ӳ
ţβһˣʦԼ¶˽֮⻹һЩյѧ
ѧĲһ㣺ͽܣ
Ҷҡҡͷֻмӣûʽӣ
ǰյЩӣҶһʱᶼʽˣ˽Ǿݶͨ͸֮󣬽ڵһӳȻԼͲյˣͽͺ˵ͷ
ʦģҲΪԼӡֻǡ
ҶĽЩ˶ѧϰɫ˵һҵԼ̵ЩѧĿһΪɽɵҲΪɽӰ
ʦ֡ɽͳĹأ
Ҷ룺ЩЩ˵ɣ
˶Ҵ˶ûʼɫģ̵һҲδɡ
֮⣬ҶĻͷǹ»׾Ӧϰʲô˵˾䣺ʦԣǹ»ײڼҹȻҪӻʼİ
һ仰ҶĻع԰ҹѰ˼Щ߰ˣȴ£Ƚȫķڸǹ»ҲˣòѰ˼ʲôҲüʱҾʲô
ĻǹӱҲһ޶ȴȫķʼ뵽˴ǹضү֮һ㣬ҶԴͻȻðһǳȤζ뷨
ţĵʱԿ̵ܲܽһﻯƳ


078 
ԴҶĵ˽ɾ֮ӹԽļ
ÿռһ¸˵Ȼǰһ򵽵򵥵һΪ緹ȵ԰緹ʽʼˡ
ڸտʼһҪҶԴ̣ҪԱ߼ල̵ʱ֮˶ԾϰߣѾҪҶڶѴˡ
ʱʮ޽ķٲȻγһСׯҪҶݵĻǾֻص˵ɽϹӡ
ʦ֣ӡе񵱳ɽأ⡭ѩ±΢紵еҵķ˿Ȼͷ˵Ż
ҶĲֻһӣȻһε˵˾䣺ʦ㽫ϷǾ͸ˡ
ֻѩ˫ֶͣаָеǱΪPSPϷⶫѩģǸٴģҶġûաշתѩСô˻е⣬η
˵ֻøPSPҲʲôȫԵȥĳЩɽȼٵŮĻôѩһʽȹȴŻǳĲЭ
ɭ֡ľݡװŮPSP
Ǻε˵۵Ļ氡ҶüͷΪԼʦã·Ҳǰֳ
ҶԼȴ˿ûʶԼͷûгһҲǷǳĲʣʹŻعʱ򣬾ǰ⸱ôôŤ
ʦ֡Ҳ㻹Ǵԭ·ȽϺÿһЩ
ҶƳʦܣȻҲԱ޽һľݣ˺ٴڼУյĴŻܣǰһ뻹ǰһûӰˡҶĽ̸ָ֮һ˵ںԼͽʹķ֮ƮݣÿҲ죡
ȻҶҲѾ͵Ŀе֪ķ֮ҶĽԼĲһֻ֣֮һʺԼȻҪٽһ޸ģսγԼķзš
һɽɾеķšѩһ֡һ֡Լһ֣ԺѧϰеʱȻҲиѡѡʺԼ
ѩķзųɣ͵ƮݺÿǿҶΪγ;Уķ֮˵
ַŸɫҲ˵˭˭ֻĿǰҶĹ΢һЩԵķ֮ǿˡ
˵еķţҶĲʿ˶÷еģǰǺһ㣬ע⵽
һŵʿ϶У˼ʮҲþܶ÷֮
ʿǿƾ跨֮УٶȿȫƾûҲǼֶкüġ
ɾܹͣѧϰеķʱʿѾӽˮƽǿɣôͿƾ跨г;С統ҶĿļ֮
ڷϣƺеƣΪķŴһʼҪзɽϣ˽ǱȽҪӴеʿ
һʿҪ΢㣬Ȼиʦ·Ҳܹѧɵġ
ֻޣ洦ƣֻп˵ɵżܹѧСҲ޲רصйء
ȻⲻڳʿսʱʹƣΪͬΪʿܷٶҲǺܿ죬ȫƾԽŲļɹڿеʿ
ڶϲͬȼģǾҲ򲻹ԲֵΪο
ҶҲЩӲЩģ⻹ͨŷ˵Ĳš⼸ȻˣΪԶЩʶԵĶ֪Ĳ٣ƫƫҶľȱЩʶ
ŷ㼸̸ޱڴԼгܹ֮Щ߱ȼ̸ҶֻЩõԸԼܶĿţԴúܺãϾҪһĿǰĶһ˶Լһже֮ô˾ֻڸͣͲǰ
ҶھǰĶһֻһ
ɽҲվ۷壡
뷨֣һǿǵԼǰڶǷҪԼžӴϰеĴɵݣǻϰߵССĴ
൱ľ磬Լһֱܹȥ
ʵǸĿ꣬ҲΪĿģֻ˵λܹĻȥǰΪܹɾϣõϵϿɣϾ˭ϲԼħͷԴߵĶɱ
Ȼпܵ£ҶĻ᳢ȥǴ˵еķ֮Լɾܣлû׵ľ֮л챦Ĺ֤ԼĹʼտȥһ·Ҳ̫ûˡ
ڷĻνԼԼʦܵ˵⣬ҶԼѾ˷ӣϻ㹻ʱ䣬ҲЩ
˱ͷҶķԼľͷȻҪ࣬¹ȥȻٻҲԲ֮
ĿǰԼؼȻԼٶˣµòΪ˵ȴ´ٻĵԼٶȡ
ⲻûΪӡѨﴢŵûг׵ѱأЩԼļҶܹоĵЩҪǰ࣬ͬʱɻԼҲмӿһЩ
ϽɣΪĻŵķ䶼ã
ΪҶһ·¶һһǻð貵߲ʹ⻪ǻºѩԸ§һ޺˯ԿҶһֱա
ԭҪֱģԼĹشɣҶľӦгɹϣ
ϧĽ⣬Ȼʵ࣬ҪʹǲУͺ񲢲ҶһеصľͷҶ鷳ˣпһЩӦ
ҶıȽģϲеƿأһɳ͹ˣȻֶһɣһʱ߲ݾһҪǹ
⾢ͷһɿΧһȺˣǷ𣬸ͷѰʿܹʹ˵ģżҲ֮ϷǿݣҶҪ䳹Ϊã˵ɾλ֮ǰǾԲܵġ
ƫҶоݶ֣ʱҲᷴԷĴ󵨵ڡ
Ҷ˺Ʊ˻һӿ߲ʻ棬һظ˸޾ݲ
ҶһͬɾѧҲȶԶԶģǺò޽ķҲ⵽ҶһĲճ˻ҽ
˭ҲûзԹοûԹ
ҶĵЩѧĽгһԼһҲǺô󶯾˲ò˱ܿȥ
ʲôʱҲܺУƵأ
㣿ҲһУ
ôУҲ󰡣ΪʲôУ
û˵𣿡
ʲô
У˽ǧĻɣ浱Уżʮô󰡣

֮˷ҲмȻ˵ȴҲиԵ뷨ǹӱʱѾԼ͸ǵ˺ôĸԵȻϣ統У⼸¹һ㣬˶л㱵ġ
ΪˣŵڹһͿԼ׺һٳ⼸ղŽѹָ˳̬侲⵵£ʱڲٻԼˣΪǻֲ¶ȼѾ㿪˺Զܹоĵ
ʱӱ¾ģҪʲɽķãȫķôĻԵܰסԺûطȥ
֮⣬ǹܽܡ涼Զ߲ʻⰵʲôͬʱðһȵĹâֹâԳѪжļһ硣
ŷڿ˺һ֮ͻȻԵ˾䣺Ļ棬ܹŪô󶯾ô
Ȼû˵ȴܼᶨҡҡͷȻ֪Ƿų߲ʹâʲô𣬿еļ£һְݷ嶯Ļ棬ԲһĻ棬Ǵ˵еɼһ档
Īζ𣿡߰Ķһ°һѰ˼
ʱҶĿɲ֪Լֳ˺ôĶʱѾսһţҲǱҶִҪԼѱˣȻ͵ıҶľǲǷ˱仯Ҳһ
ҶĴʱֻԼ׹浱Уÿë׶ڸһȫͬĸоȣ
ԼԲһʹ֮Ĵһ㣬κθо޷Ӱ죬ʱ˿ĵĻðŻҶȾһľǻ浱кĳһ
£ȻİЮһ־ֱҶĵ˫۶ȥ
ȥҶĻһӡѨüУʱû쳣ȵֲԾʱѾˡ
Ҷĵ˫һָۣоͺ˽ָۿȻͣĽ˫ۣûͣĿԼ۾һҪǣЩоĴĴķЩֻ˾۵ĸо
޴ʹҶĺ޲ſڴ󺿣ʱ̷ѨһľԼ۾֮һת֮£Ǿ޴ʹͱࡪҶĵ۾ʹ΢һ֮л
ҶĻԼǲǵ˵ڳ̣ܿΪʵ̫ĥˣ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶľԼ۾ƺָһоȻܲûȥԼ۾̺ڲͣӣͬʱԼڴҲڲͣ˫ȥԼ˫۾ȻûбٵܹоĵԼ˫۵Ĵڡ
ע⵽ЩԽԽͻſ۾ҶľȵķԼȻʲôҲѾ۾ĺô󣬿һƬڣ˫Ŀϴĸо·Ǵһ
ô£ѵҳϹӣ
˼һ£Ҷľµ뵱⵽ʱ࣬ΪӰԼӾ
ڣǸ֪λ⣬¡֪ô죡
ԭأҶѡ۲һΪܹоĵԼ˫еĻԾͬʱԼݶҲϵķһ͵Լ۾С
ʲôܹĵԼ˫ۿڽʲô仯Ȼ֪ǺǻֻܾȴĹ
ĽǵϹӡҶ룺ȻûǲҪĺã
Ǻĵ飬Ҷľһߴһûȥ챦ΪĿǰļ챦ѾĲˣһ֮£ǺҲ׵ıƵԲľ硣
ҶľֻܲͣĴһʵһһε׳ΪԼڹԴ
֪˶ã֮µҶֵõ˻챦ĵĲķѩҶּʼ˻챦
ոһգѾǨƵ˸ԶĵطֻҶһ˶һƬ֮صһ쾪ȵķ֣ﻨɾͻȻˣȻɳСݣö໨Ҳţÿ˶Ծ˲ӣԵһ䣺е䰡
ʱҶĸе۾Ѿƽ˫ۣһֹȻԿˣ۵һľȻǲŴƵʦãôվԼǰ


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գգۣҶķԼգۣǰĻҲڲͣı仯ղõľһȥļ˾Ȼһգ֮ͱһ΢âĳ
һգҶֿһɫһһƮĻ꣡
⡭
㷴ӦٳٶҲ֪Լ۾˱仯ƵԼ־ݣǰĻȥʼû̶ֻƬ֮䣬Լ̵ʱѩһӳ׶ϸ˽⡪жë׶һ˲Ȼġ
ɱʲô۽ˡ
ҶԼ˫ۣ漴ͷּԼ۾ԼɻǻΧָơ
ָо̽Χһеִ˵еۣ
ϸһ£Լ˫̺˺ǿԲڵԼܹƵסġ
ֵðϹˣȥǲӦŪٴһ׻ƽף
ԵۿܣεķеľɲԼһĲϱ仯ԸзʱĿעӵһͻȻðյ׺ݣһ˲ͽղſŵһʯͷճ˻ҽ

Ҷ½۾ϣʶԼ˫ı仯ҪԼĲ²⻹Ҫ̬һźõķڸı䣬ǿ˫ۣ֪ǶġұȷҪãһ±˶ȡ
鷳ľǣҶĿƲˣͺҶֻһСͻȻȴõһ̹ˣܲܿȲ˵㿪ȸɵҲ׽ˡ
ʦ֡
ѩǼͻȻ䣬ؼǺ紵ķҶڵĵط
ǰҶڵĵطڣܻ˾ú䣿⼸¼Ȼƽлơ쾹ȻͻȻв֮˹Ҫ鿴һ
ȴҶһۣ˸ŵѩһһж˿˵ĸоĵȷȷǱˣȻһ˲䣬ѩȴȵķ֣Լʦֵͫɫƺڲϵı仯ͺ߲ʹâͣζһ
ƯһֺܴĸоѩԼΪʲôָоΪԼʦֻжôġ
ҶĿһͻȻȼֿµɫʱѩҲһע⵽ԼʦֻæԼ۾סͷ
ʦõҶİ˰֣ûʲôֻһۣϧĿǰĹԦ۾
ô죿ѩⷬȻ֪Ҷûʲô飬в⻹Щġ
Ҷĵǲ⣬ѩļģûʲôȻ޷Ԧܵ˵ǸҴ˲ٺôؼǣұ˫ۣҲһԡΧһУûʲôĵط
ѩҶĻǰһ̽Χõ֪ΧⷬȴҶܹģĲ²ͬˡ

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ҶԭزΧȴ롮ۡУ֪ԼΧЩ𣬾ЩǿĻʹסΧ˰Ǩˡ
ʲִٵһƳΧһжӡ󣬶ʱоȻԼʱһ飬˲̶ֻԼǨ뿪ֻ棬Ӱһġۡг֡
߲Ƿ𣬾˵ͨһͨɿȥδⱻ۾ȻķͨҲһЩղһпܾΧ飡
Ҷ뵽˴ͨǵעʦ֮󣬷ֻܿʦһ飬֮ǰģһֻһЩƬΣҲ֪ʲôԭ
Ҫ뵽Χзȴޱȣ޾ϸҶĻǷƺֻܿһ֮飬ԶȴֻܿһûʲôֵĻ档
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˫۾ҶҲǿģԿȥ֮⣬ǵ˭˭ʵһɱԼҪڶʿǰɽͬʱҪ֤ݶ䣬ܶɱȻԼȫࡣ
˵ԵģײʲôѪ棬ǧ˲ϢζݣҲԼһɡȻǰһܹ֮˳ʩų
пޱȣԼĻ챦Ѿǰ㾡һ㶼˸һɶԼʦ⿴ԻߵĻǰһʵʦôǡڴˣ
Ϊ¶ͻȻ䣬ҷǴʦﴵ磬鿴һѩʵ˴׷һʦĪ˵Ĳѩ
ԴҶĵ๦ǴС˵Сԡ֮ѩͻ¾ͻ˺öʱ佫Щһ顣ӴȻҲڻ챦Ź򾿾ô£Ҳ˴ŵ˽⡣
ҺõŮŹȤûҪѧϰҶĻ治֪νŹҪ쾧һˡ
Ȼ֪ԼĹĳ֮ѩͻ¶ʼĥԼĹøǿ
򵥵˵νС˵ĹģĿǰΪɫԶħصȤ½˲٣ѩȴѰ˼νˣҿʼ޸ԼĹ
ʵǧй⽣ĽݱһָӲɾ˸ӳԣԪɹǲѩĽֿʼҲ˲١
Ҷ֪ͨȥһƬΣѩĻ棬вѩɹ֮ϲÿЦա
ζЩ棬ѩѯʣ˳Ƶ˵ͷţѩѾˣǺҲѾԲ챦ǰѾɣҪʼǺ㣡
ѩ˴е㵣ģʦ˵ǻ챦ǰ㶼Ƕڣȫ෴ʼ㣬᲻о֮ǣ
ᵣһҲ𹦲ΪȻ෴ʼܹɣһħﾢкͲϰôҶĻ챦ҲҪþһصǿŪҲƵ
ҶĲ챦˵ŹԼĵĶĻδֵġ
ָģĿǰָƷƷϻб֤ģ˿ûоõġ
Ӧᣬ챦ǰȻǶȴǶģһм仹Ĳ㾢Ҳһֻ壿
Ҷı㳶ɰһԼʦã˵˵Լɻпʵ
뵽˴˰֮̾磬ôᷢʲô飿
뵽˴͵һ飬ֿܲûУԼʱһְֱ˳Ȼȷѡ񡪡Ȼһʼ͵õǺӣȴûäĿȽǺԲȻܹõߵĹǻͷǰ㣬´ι̲׼ȥ
ǰ羢ڷأܹչֳֶΣý׺ɣ뾹Ȼ˫˫ͫƽ׶һĻǿԿʵĳȥˣ
һֱԼ˹ɾӲȥġٶҪԼԤϵĿĶ࣬Ҳʵȥ仯
ûü⣬ѩʦһһ֮ãĪԺʦҪʱ䣿
Ҷһ㶣漴͵ʶԼʲžȻá֪ȥƼһڷ顣뵽һڵ龰涼ԼȺ˵ӰⲻʹԼѾһˣ
ͬʱҲ󿴵һƬƽľûж೤Ϊոպõһ꣬ԼǰΪġһĻ棬Ʋ仯ҲǼʹܳʱ䣡ôһԵɡ
һôȥˣȥҲֲ̫ˣһһôʱ䣬֪ϵһܹ೤ʱ䣿
ѩҶһȣֻʦֲ֪Լʵôãֻ˵һ¶ѾǸĲˣҷ֮Ҳȵ˲֪٣Щʱƺʦֵľ⣬Լܲܽ

ҶԺһԼŮôһһߣǰҪݳħԼνҲͰˣϾһУұҲͬĹ
ľ͸кôģݾݵĳǲ䷨ָʲôϡŹֵĶɫ⣿
ҲֱӺͻȥ˵Լһ£ʧȻԼ
ȴԼѩһҵľס֮أСڣЦĻƲһϸС׹⣬Ȼ˵׹мײһԼÿĹӰЧ˵أ
ʲô
ֽһ׹ץУҶԼľסȻϸϸĴ
׹ǻƲģƾ۳׵֮µ׹⣬ƺǵҷеġ
ľף
ҶɫúòḻղŻû²ܹƲľ⣬һת۵ĹͰľ׸ڳˡãɾûһľŷʿ»ľףȻľʱݳġ
¼ҶĻߵҶָָ׹⣺Щһֱоľ⣬ϧʼղ䷨ֻŪ
ҶĲ˵ȴţѾ˲˺òãǲҪôײвУԵҺܰ
ƺǲҶĵ뷨˵һ䣺үһֱġ
һҶĻָ˾ͷ׹ȴʶɰһ˵ָҪ鷳٣ǲܺķٻĻô˷ʱ䣡
ΪͷҶһֱ۲˵ȣȻԼӦٻʲô
ȣѧϰɫѾԳϵҪʽȷ˲ȭȭΪǽɣǸóôڳĸúüЩѧȫԸԼȤͰȥѧϰ
ڹӱ͹»ףǻŬȫķй»׵ľҶһ飬Ȼү̥̾ǣǶҲ糣˰㿪ʼЩڼҹڻûʼͱԼŮԶԶ˦
ֻȻгԪԼҶĵİʱҲ뿴ʲôЧҲΪԭѡɫûԼʦһȥͨڹ
µѾǰ׶ӽ۷ʵܽٲȻѧеǿˣ䱾;ͨŹŻ̵һЩļԼ˵
Լͬһ˾򣬶һȥ󣬼˵츳˵˲ࡣ
ǿƾǿĺܣں̵ܶʱ˳ڵһ20%ĳ̶ȣΪǿġ
ȴʼղ׵Ķ֣׵ľֻ17%Ҫǿϲ٣Ĳಢ⼸еĵһ֡
ҶǣôϲŵᾹȻǼߵģ15%ľѹ֣Ӣһ֣Ӣʵ˺һ
ΪֲûκܵȱһʼѧϰʱҶľͽŷ޵õǱձᡪǱԻӣɽկǧӣ
˭Ҳû˵ʲôϾԶ׼õһöҲ˭ҲҶĵʱĶɫֱʿҪһˮַˡ
ֱ֮ҶͻȻ򣺡ϣȥɽɲCOSPLAY˰ɣ


080 ɹ
ȥոһգ긴һ꣡
ҶԼֱ䳤˵ͷñ紵ӰԼߡϴһۣȴǵʱף⼸һϮ·һ㣬ʱڸ߿֮ϣ·ΧΪһ塣
ãһͻȻҶĵǰ׷룬һۡᣬϵʿԵúǿģֺǺǵĳҶĴк겻Ҷŷɸʢ
Ҷֻ˸ⱾһĶΪǸոɵôܹ磬ϴ˴Ǵ֮ϣˮԣҶһһˬˮڲ֮ܿй¶һЩо˸š
ֻλ䵱ƽüͷһֳҶı˱ȭҶŹִо
һչأȷв򣡡ҶЦеĴŻƺΪԼĹΪеģϵЦݶٻй¶һʵ뷨
⣬ʼ˫۶ûҲ֣Ҷŵ۾
ʿһ㶼ܰϧԼ壬Լʲô˺ÿ˶Ю໤Ҷ֮ȻҪǿƥѰ˸Ͳҽ˵ĵҶֻǱۣûʲô˿ڣˡ
ĻǾֻһֿˣǾҶʲôͨ۾йصģ
ʵҶв۾йصֻͨͨɻ䣬ƺҪܹɣ˵ܹʹЩĶɽеˣѲҶĲʲôرķţ
Ȼ鼫Ϊ棬¹ر˹ҲϸȥʣԼҶֻЦЦҲû׷ʡ
˴ĪΪǸԼ
ҶĲῪڻشֱӾͼ˵ȥҶĳԵյ˵õһ㣬ֻǾҪȵδϡ
Ȼ
ʱѾ2011꣬ҶĵһɾѾ꣬ȥ꽫ŷȼ˸˻ȥ֮ȫɾм
ȣ֣ӢȻ90%ľ磬һȴ87%ʱƿ΢ĩĲ࣬ȫԺԣսʱһֱӿˡ
Ѿͻȥļع׺ӽ뿪ʱ򶼳80%ٺŮӱŷ΢ǿôһߣԼĪ7273%εߵŷ㾹Ȼֻ69%ŮӻǴ򲻹ŷ㣬ȻҶĻѾͷʵ
οǸرϲСѾͷȻȥΪԭбȽϸʽϧûܳɹܻһԾ
뿪ҲѾһ꣬Ҷڼ䵹Ҳһֱɾﲻ֣ӢҲɳһЩ˸Դ϶Լ˵һЩš
һһرжС飬ִ˶񡣶ǵıǳ⣬濼ǼɽѧУĺϵ
ҶĻûȥ˽⣬ΪЩ鶼֦ĩڣæߵȥҲ١
ɽѧУһѾزſʼԵĺΨһ鷳ѧУǱûˣҶĺͷۣһﶼǿ֣ӢͷܡγأҪĵһ¾ǽ»УͻȥѧУУȽЩӰ˵ȶ
˵»ףҶĲò̾үӵ֮ǿ
Լܹѧϰ˵еĹп̤ϳ֮ȲᣬҶڹ»׽ȫķһ̶֮ǰĵõһؼǡʺϹ»ؼҺϰ
ʱҶѾ˵׺ŬСҲõԼҪľ⣬ԼʦѾҪģʦܺͻñǸеĹЩ书ǱڣһʱҲż
ҶľͳԵһٻôһξ͵õ˺ʺϹ»׵ĹĳУԴġ֮
ҶõⱾؼʱûĹ򣬵ϸһܣⱾڿҪβĳƪϵе
ʵϣⶫԭﲢʲôеǱԴܣָھȻһıؼõص
ϸ룬ɫҲǹҲһָ˳ָȷйǿ
ôһ룬ҶҲͲΪ⣬ϸĿⱾؼ֮˷ܵķ֣֮ǡ÷ǳʺϹ»
Ϊ֮Ȼṩʽһڶһڣ
˵ǰһ־ڹһӾȻһɳʩչʱҲѰڹûʲô
ڶȴȽϽӽԭеӣǴ巴⾭ϰ߷˹ʱ֮ɫȵ֮ʱ֮ɫ򲻻ȥˡ仰˵ͳ׳˸
»׺ųʥ֮ôúԼһģҲûʲôϹ»˫۾Ȼԣе㵤۵˼һʱԼǲӦٸһ󵶣
ȻʷϵĶүô󵶣Ǵ󵶵İ
ΪôԵɣ»׵δͱöˣӱҲֻǹӱߵǰһ·ߣڹһȻҲһЩӰ죬ȴţ˹֮ʱƤ͸һ˿Һ֮ɫе᣿
Ϊ»׵ѾöҶĲŻĵүȥѧУΪǳ֮ŵʱɹ֮Ҫ൱һʱΪرĿ񱩣Ƕ֮ˣֱӾͻ״̬
үҲͽϳҲҪǿö࣬˳׶ΣⲻͿʹˣ֮Ƚ˷ĵľ֮ҪʹûҪϰӦҶĽ»׷ŻѧУҲǸӦԼʱ䡣
ӱɾѡʽҪԼƽĶ࣬ҲѽһʱỹῴرЧ
ؼҸŮ֮ҶɾоûʲôĵˣվĽҲĿ죬ڵһ߻ȵɾгϵʱǵ׺Ѿӽֻ֮ҪԼոձǵգôͳ׵Ľ߲ˡ
ʱҶĵĵﵱУУ̡õϼءѩǺӡԼ׺һȦҲ֪ǲǻ챦ã־ǡΧһԲȦǻճһЩط׺֮ľɲС
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⣬Դɵ챦֮Ҷľͷְ밵ľʱʱһЩֵӰ죬ȻǣԼΪԴ
տʼʱҶĻеĻţĴ۲£ȷӰ첻ûлԼĹԼȥ˸Ȼô죬ѹ챦гɵĶ޵һ
ǵҶƲģֶľ֮󣬻챦ͻһЩ仯ϰ߱øǿľչ֡
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Ҷйһ£Ҳȷʣľ֧ܲԼʮ챦Ѿ߲㣬㲻ܰշҲٱĵˡ
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ԼŮ˺ʦǲģľ⣬ۿžҪˮˣ޷磬ҲԱԼ
֮ӦԵ϶Ҫ࣬ЩʿǹƤë˲
ѩнصεԪһϣԼʦûּ۳ʮɽִ֮±ҶҲҪԿΨһǲȥԣ׽Уһʣ١
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οԪӰֲֻһˣҶӰ죬Ҳ̸ʲôԿ
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һڿ˹ı޲֮£ҲǷĶҶΪôĸԭڿҲʼˣҷǳڷܣ뱻Ů˱ȥײűֵôŬ
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ܽܵʵȻȲˣҲıȽԭ򣬲Ҳһ˻ƶ۷塣Ҳֻͣڻƶ̶ûӰӡ
ѧǴ඼ǻƶ׶һͬеĿҲǰ׶Ѿͷⷽ츳ֻһ㣬ϸæָԼҲŬ׶
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ɫҪսܹٵһѾڿ˹Լ֤ʵ˹ŷѪ򶷾ḻĳɾߣ㿼ǵԭкڰӣܹżԭܹôʱ̶ֳȵҲû
Ҳвپ飬ϱ츳ͺãԲ̶ܹ۷塣ʣµأĴԶμӱĹܸܽȥ
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ͰԼֵǹðɣҲսʽϰһЩϣҶҲͲˣתڶѧʵ˭ѧһУ
Ҷе⣬Ϊ˻кȤû뵽󲿷˶ҡҡͷȴ֪Щж߶𣺡ҿɲúһУҰŪ
ʱһɫˮַɫͲ࣬һͷֱڷһƵĵͷеĳͣĴµһСݡ


081 ͽ
ôҲûɣȴҶãҪʲôĿʽȽϷɽѧУķ񣡡һȫű߼ʵɶ˵͡
Ȼ˽ҲᱻԼʦúͻûɵĿעӣȻѾ˵ȥˣҶҲͲ׼ĿڡңһֱԼѧУѡַʷʴһͿУʽмԹûıһҲûʲô˵ġ
Ž⣬Ҷ򵥵˵˼仰֮Լһ֮ڶüɼ桪ΪһεᱻڶüɾУҶûбʾκε飬ûиκαʾֱӾǵ˵ͷʾԼˣȻͶ˵һҶĳһЩ˽Ҫȥ֣
ҶȥǣϵҲҪ䵱ɽһˣ
ΪἴٿɾǱ޵һЩҲҪϻԼҵɣȻһ֮Ҫһδ˭ǰȥҪͷ۵ľӦôЩСӣһ˵ûʲôþġ
ϾȻΪʿǵʢᣬΪҪĿĻǸŸȥʾԼʵڡ
ļҴòɫСӣôԼбѹһͷĸоúܶһ֣ʮϰǾͲӡĻɵǷǳصĴ˶ӡ
üɡֻ˰ɣ
ܳ壬ֱʹ۫Լɽųе˫Ϊǿһԣ϶üܳ徭߶ҲȽϴ󣬻ϸŸɶöüɫӡ
ϧβһӣʦҲճɹңȥǶüɵΣ
غʦһ֣дȷ˵غʦΪʱԼڲ֮䣬Ҳɱ㣬Ҳɱҵľ棬˶иԵֶΣ˭ҲκβöԷʮҲн
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Ѿ֪ôȥǸʲôʦȥɣ
ڵغʦΪóĿˮѾ˵׺ҶĵҲ壬˵׺֮ԼõϼҲΪԼ˿ǿˮǵغʦñգóߺߡ
ȻüҲԲֻһغʦüǵˣǵغʦʦ֣üϵϴ󣬾˵˵ʵɲ⣬Ʋǵ˵ʵѾֱƵһȥ
ҶȻûǵˣҲ֪ʵôȴ̹ʱԼȫ·磬ûл֮

ֻʲһ֮£ԼȻԼܹоĵʵԼ֮ϣǲѾ統ǰһһذľ޴ˡ
ǵ˼Ȼųֱ׷ᣬǾ˵ҪģӦþԼʵ˵ԼҪǿһЩ
Լ˫еܣ󻹿ܵУ
ȥҶĻûʲôµģΨһҪǵľԼǰܷڶüϼﰲȻ
ϸ룬ֲǶüһ˿ģôڳȻҲҪü޼ɵǵڣ
ҪǣüҪ飬ôȫһξħͷüɽɱһѪɺӣ
ǰûʵֻõ͵ʵҲװˣµ㻹û޵УҲװƵʱѹĵ׺üһ˳ĺ˳泩֮£еٶȶ˼֡
ȵҶĻعʱѾԼеĿĵءǰǸУҲԼԭǸС
ѾҹҶбһ֮Ͱ½ȥվһߵľ¥ϣźԼḧЩ⡣
ֻΪȷһ£ΪҪһܹȷģһأؿʹһ󼤵⼸･ҶһЩԣʲô״ľݶٴ˶ٲȻһִԼȥĸо
Ȼ𣿡
ҶĲ߶һ䣬ͲԼ˵ĽֵһλƵˣʱٿⷬҶڼ顪ͬѧɢƣȻ·ߵʱͻȻ⣬ѰڰĽһ£Ȼ󡭡ȻڵҶġ
Ǹ˻λƵӦѰҺʵĵطҶĻûӦԼؿͻȻųһâݶֱӳ⣬ȻԭСವһ¾ֱ˶ȥ
Ȼ󡭡
žһҶĵղԾĳ鶯£ֺƳӱʱһܣ뵽Ǹһݶѹ˵Ķǡ
ҪˣԽԽܣ
ŶͷҡҡͷҶ漴ͼݶûлԭתתǶоȻǿȻѾķĳ˱ݶ˽ȥ
ҶͻȻ֣Ǿݶתʱ򣬶оȻһųһ΢Ĺâʱ۹ۿĻһâΪһâʵڲôۣϾݶҲǹâɣֱӽһ΢ڸȥ
ƫƫ۹ۿȻܹƵҶľȵǣǷųâĶȻһöָҶĵָһģһ
ǡԭָһֱⶦԲŻһ˶е磿
ţݶ͵ĴϰգȻâȥֱһͨͭģҶԽԽҲԽԽСֱָСûҶ̷Ѩʧ
¿ԷˣҶĳһۿԼ࣬ȻԽĸо治ôʱһܡܹܵоĵǸ־ԼڣҺûȥ˵˺ôĻԵ
öָҶеΪλڶĪһֱ棬ֻûע⣿Ͼָԭģۣ϶ģûע⵽ҲƫƫҶ͵ԼڸմӶгʱƺʲôСһԴȻǸƺ͵˶У

뵽ЩҶľһԭһеһжΪԼɵģԼ뵽һ㣬ȷԼһᴩԽĻôǸҶĻ᲻ôͨһȥ
ֵ۵⻹ǽЩѧȥڰɣһԺɣ
תһ׮µҶ漴ȥ׼ȻѧУǱߣȻȵһºȥʦһȥüɽ˵ǸϵѧУԼ͡
ֻһͷͻȻһšüë˵滹ϲͷ¶β
û䣬ѪξҶǰԶȫϢĳıѪƺͦԼģһԳһƬѪ⣬ԶҶܹʵһ̱ǵѪ֮
ħƺо
¼ŬеĿɲֻҶһˣѪ氺ͷЦԭǹ˫ͫҲֻ࣬żб̹ʾ˵Ĳͬ
ҶԴһ۾֮ҲɹǱѪǲҲʲôĹһۣ֪Ѫ˫ͫܵӰų仯ָһַ豹˼
ѰҶĳĪҪ֮𣿡
ҶΪ˰׷ɱѪһΣʹԪħѪִսһֻҶΪѪ汻ǰΧ㲻ҲˣûٰʮȻҳ
һﾹȻôֳҶĵǰҿƺͻơĪǵһսħͷ
һսȻЩˣȴҲͻϰѪ氺ͷһȻмֵ⣺ǶҶŽȵǰ㾽Уǧ˲Ϣζƾң治ܹ
ԭѪٶǰ͸оԼƿУʹĹʼԼֱһαƵ˾еǱܶ˳Ҳûɴţ֮²һƿ࣬ӹȺ۵Χˡ
ҲףǰԼʼ޷Ϊǧ˲ϢζݡΪŰԵޱȵĶݷѪԶк·ˣƿʱͻƲá
˵ллҶųȫ
ҶȻɵΪѪллģԼôֱӳһ￳ԼͲˡ
ҲΪ⣬ǱѪҵ鷳ԼһҲ
ô˵ѰҶĳ׽ñյĶˣ
ѪĿҶģһֱ˺һŴ浹ҲҶŽһ֮£ǰȴһҶ˵
Ŷû뵽Ѫô˵Ҷһ֮ҲԵúǺ棺֪Ҫ˵ʲô
Ѫ˶٣ƺԼ˼·˺һŻ˵Ҷüɽ񣬲֪ҶûȤǶüɳѹȥɽȡ֮
ȡ֮ȻеĵλҶȻ˵ʲôôᳶϣѲԪɽɲɣ
Ϊ벻ףҶĸɴͲڣֻѪл͸Ҷš
뽲
üȻС䷢չܿ죬ǿʢҲ⼸䡣۵ɴĲ磬Ҷ⣬ǲصĻǳʲôϹ
ȷüҲǶüϣ֮ⶼһЩСӣû˵ʲôһĸһϿɴءɽɣüɲʱɵ䵱ɶȲá䵱ɽʱüɲ࣬䵱ɿǴȫͳȫɢʿҲвͶ䵱ˡ
ЩϹڵ겻ʲô֣ǧܻʱĸһǿṦҪΧŹ˭˭Ҳܲˡ
üȴûִҪԸüɣɵϵЩսǳɹˣ⣬üɷչ죬ҲǵȱٴΪ֧вʿζֻҪЩֻ֣һʿԼ˵Ķü˲Ҫ
ңüЩ귢չͷͣеŲҲ˲˵Ĳ죬ԡ
Ҷһ㶣ͻȻ׽ʲôƵأЦ˾䣺Ҳô
ѪһЦ˵ʹ죡ͿüɲˬˣҶ⣬ԸҶһ֮
ҶıЩѪȻͽʵΪʦŷ񣬷ȫûԼ˵ЩֻûϵһﾹȻʹʹĳйɴࡣ
ʽ΢һһϦɣȱʶһ㣬ھӶüɵǿʢҲɸеΪʱӵĵӣԪɣѡһַʽԼɡаѸʵȻлɡ
Ҳû취İ취ΪͳţѾԻָǿʢʵˣѡӡ
ԪǾħѪ񽣵ļţҲʦģԪаħҲǳǵɱħġ
ٰзסԪڼһħֻ֣λûϵλħӣ뵽˹ͬԸüɵķӡǳɹüз֮ϾҶĵɽҲҪġ
ҶͨһУȴһ㲻⣺ͲɽɳΪһü
ԪһЦҶŵɼƿأҲһһϦ֮£Ϊʦȡʱ䣬ӣ


082 ʼ
Ԫܵ⣬ΪԼ˰ʦľѷʽ
Ҷüͷ˼ܵ˵ɽû˿ԪΪλ᲻ɽɳΪһü˵˾һܼ򵥵⡣
ɽؼ޸ΪųƱɱչ꣬Ծɽ⼸ȥҲѾɢο֪ɽǰҲй޴󲿷˶Ϊһ޵ɡ
Ȼ²úܶ˶÷ǳŤϾ޶һЩϲóͷǿʤˣɽΪޣȴһ㶼û޵ԾȻǱޡ
֪ɽɴȫͳǲžҲ̫֣ϾֻһʽˣҪ˼֧䣬ȫЩ˼ѹסʤ֮ģǱҲʲôֵ顣
˵޻ɽɣɺôҲǴ˺þõĴɣüǱôӵлҪɽɸסء
ƿأʵһΧڰɵһЩҵȻһЩ˷Լļ֮©һЩɫӡ
ڵǸضǶüɵĲҵ֮ҲᱻüȥɴʱǸŭԣֻһЩ߽ϡ
ҶĵɽأʲôûСԪû֪ɽѧУ顣
̾ͿʼЩ飬ûγɹģôʱ䣬㹻ɽԼЩҵ²ãüɵĲֲҵȥˡ
ԣɺɽɺȴɽڼ̵ʱڽüɵȫȥΪµĶüɼѹǡҪǣĿǰɽɱ¶ʵҲԽüɸȥ
֪ɽɵĸҲҶԼķˣ˵һŮӣ˭Ҳûɾ㶼ΣҶֻӣʲôֻԳ֣ɽɵʵأҲ̫ˡ
˼ȥôɽɶ޷вԪѰҶģϣܹϡ
飬ʵüȻƸ߿¥󣬸вȣȴҲκ֮һܶԿģԪʱȫȻûƽ̬һҶĳ˵Ȼˣ֣˷ܱ֤üɳ׸ɵ
ҶͻȻЦû´˼ɹɶԸüЩӣҶĳȥԸǵԼغʦɣ
ԪЦͷҶƣۣǵĳ֤ʤǵغʦһмʤģҶŴӦĳԸѰɵǵغʦ
ҶĳԪȷǺгˣ˵Եģ˸ҷųƽüʣµеһˣͷѰ˸ı֤
ҶĻԪ᲻ɽϾɼȻΪ˱֤ɵԼҵӼⱳʦţаħ޵Ĵ׼һԼ֮Լһˮ
¸񣬽֮ɽҲǵյɽˣ
ٱѣȻĶ˼ֻһ˿ܻõ㣬ǻϼҴڵأһүԼİŮԼ룿ڣɽɲҲϾЩһﻹԼأ
ɾھͳĻҲһ·Ļɽƺ𺦵ɵˣȴ֪ɻʲôӦ
еԶȻԪĻش𣬼þòѪΪҶŲԼϾ⼸Ҳʵģ
ҶŲңԹЩʦϸ̸һ
һ仰Ҷĸ˹ʦǣ
ԪٺһЦأǱĳʦܣ
Ҷ֪ԪеλͣҲʦܣҲɵǰ˶ģͬʱΪ˱֤ԪƿƵıȥŶǵһ㡣
ԭˣ
֪ЩҶ˾
ȻüǺҶĳȥ۲ӦǽΪɽɺ۸˳һҶҲ͸ʮ壡
˶ƣʣµҲͺðˣֻǲԪߵ̫׽ҶıӦغ̸һȴڲԪ顣
һʾ˱仯Ԫ̸дһ֮ˣպˮҲûôףϾҶ̸ʵ㳶˱Ѫ棬Ҳͽ֮䰵ϵҶĽύħаΣ
𿴾ô仰飬ЩɾͳһףҶҲòǣһԪЭ飬ҶҲֱӾͶһ䣺ˣҶĳǣ
Ԫȷûʲô˵ģϾҲĶ϶ҶûֱӳսһѾɵӣһԪҲû˵ʲôֻǺٺһЦ漴ûڰ֮УȴǸȥǸԼʦܱȥˡ
ֻûʧ֮ǰȴط˵˾ʲôѾɳԶҶ͵ֹסΣɫ任һ֮ż𽣹صķȥ
Ӿʿˣ
Ҷʵû뵽ԪԼһϢȻԪû˵̫࣬仰͸¶ϢȴܲҶ⡣
ӾʿһɻλӦ־˭ͬҲĳЩΪݶһ²ųħͷ
ʵ̫࣬ҶһʱҲͷصѧУ֮һϻѧУĹ»æŴйزź飬æͣסţתԴεġ
ţɻˣ
Ϊ»ѾɽɣȻûаκΪʦҲҪغҶšȻ˽ƽ˶ʱУơ
ѧУˣ
ԴҶһȺ˽ɾչأѧУһֱĹϷչֻΪҶĳĵĲˣѧ½
ɽѧУȡ˺йزŵİɽѧѧУֻơϾҪҶĺܵøС
ɽѧУսͬʱҲԼϵ˲ţҽɳɫߣЩδҲᱻزɽȥҲͲѧУѧһЩ
ɽѧУѧϰֻЩ˵ݶⱣܣͨѧݽѧУѧϰ
ݹ»˵ƺɽѧУԱ߽һƾ»һĶһǱɽѧУӰ죬ҲǾͽȥѧϰ
Ǻ£ľڰɣ
ҶĵΪɽҲӭ˳׽ЩȤѾŷ޵־ֲһˣֻԼפľפֲ
»ѧֱһ£ʵŵҪ¸ѧڿʼѧУ͵ʽɫΪγ̵̽ȥˡĻ᲻ͨ˵Ĺע
ҶĻ˻֣ǰôô룬ɫǱȻƣڲЩѧҵȥ֮Ҳᱻ˵֪
ǾҪ˶ãһɽѧУ̳ģȻҲùЩزصļһŽţ
ЩرȻһңΪ˰ԼҹڵĿֻţҲ̽ԼҵĵƸһЩǱˮ֮µȫ¶˹컯֮£ԸҲҪࡣ
ҶĻô׻һԭ򣺼ǳ
ӵĿɲֻЩӿɻǵȺӵĺأ
ֻܲԼ˳ɣɺԼװţ԰ʵʲôͣҶһֱֻܱļһԼȻҪôЩһһܵ
һһҵţ
ⷬٶ緢ʲô츲صı仯ùܡǱΪ˵ǵĻѪҲѾƵİţӵѲҪһԻţ
˲ܿˣؼʱҪԼУҶΪеĻ㣬ֻЩѩĲܹһֱͦȥ
һսҲһο˰ɣ
ҶΪԲԷĴ󵨵ĺڡ淢սˣԼֱЩˣЩѧȷ档
ʱһһĹȥˣɽѧУѧǴž˵УָУѧУﴩ
һЩ鷨ûεʱһںȺȲ裬֮ģһȺ뷢׵ȲľУ԰жһ⾳
ҶĻǼ߸ϵУȻ͸شУ԰еľ
ԲٹѧˣԺֻҪżûرɫľͺˡ
һ¹ȥ鶼⾳뵽֮ϣɽѧУȻɻ˽ѧУ⾳˲Ӱ˵
»׾һµæµҲϵת˳ȥֵˣһ⾳桢һŷ㡣
Ժ˽ѧУУһѧһǸָɹѧϰġͬ¡ǡ
ѡ棬ǹ»׵ͽ֮⣬ҲΪӲϲ档Ը񣬶Ŀǰڷչɽ˵û̫ãƽռսòϡҶĸɴཫλϣҲԼĹס
ڹ»סӱܽܵˣס˹֣ӢһҶһȥμߴᡣ
ҲҶȦʣµЩͨѧǻ߻صѧУν̡ȡ߶нˮ֮⣬ܹṩĸָ
߸ɴͽһЩһ߲ȥϲðյ˶ѡѧУɽѧУ߱˽̵ɫĻ
ŷѧУְУ󣬽Ҳǽ񴦸ΣѧԱǵĽ̹١
١պҶһȥߴϿ۽磬ͬʱҲЩǿĴڻ죬ϾĲžҪЩʿ򽻵һʲôʱЩ˵ʱ
æµһ֮ɽѧУȻ濴ȴ˷츲صı仯Ҷļе鶼ж£Ȼһ׼
Ҫȥ𣿡
ٿϴηʱʵ㲻ϺãĲһΡ
κܽģֻȥüɽˣӦòôʹˣ˵ţͻȻһָգǰ
ģͻȻ˫۷Ź⣬Ȼ˳յָһǳ۵ĺ⡪âȻϵãɾҲǿ˲֪ٴεˣʱĽâ
âһ֣ͻȻ˫ðСǣֿԼҼˣϣһҷУ

һˡα飬նһһҲʶӡ
ûаԾ˫סԼĿڣĿԽԽĺâ˳ĳݣůЦݣڵĲŻô˰ΪʲôῴǸװ۵̫ţ
еĳͻȻ뱩ߵУ뵽Ǹأʮġ꣬ʵȴѾ֪˵Ůˡһ뵽Լе˾ȻһŮ˸õǺôԹ
ԱͻȻһ䣺ҲΪǰǰŮװɡ
ٻһ٣ȻعͷһЦˣ
ÿɷ񣬶ȴͻȻ̧ͷ״ҼʹŮװҲôÿӺݻˣֱŮ񰡣ȻͻȻһغһģǶǸŮ˾ͱ÷ǳ⣡
һֱվڲԶҶԼգôƿĻأ뵽ʦܵѾͷһѣȹͨϣŸ߸ЬҶľͿƲסԼЦ⡣
ʦ֡ͺ䵽Ҷĵǰ϶Ц


083 ü
һûе̫ʱ䣬ͺͻص֮ûֱͣӾŶüɽ˹ȥ
˴ηʱ䲢ϼ˹оٶҲȵ˲٣ֻô룬ǲһգȻͿʼˣ
˷ߴᣬüµǰӴͬʿͻǰӭӣҶķеʱ۲бķʿüӽӽصɽڵУƫƫһ˵֮󣬾Ȼᡣ
ֹס⣬ҶĴŵһɨԼΧвٶüӲΣôĿԼҴڿϷһ
С󣡡
ҶŭЦҲЩüץ͵ſ˫ۣһ˫߲ͫų⣬ֻһ֣üǱԼɽڵĻͱ˸ɸɾΧŸϵʿҲ˷¶Ρ
һ󾪺𣬶һ˷Ҷ±˫ĿҳһŵĶüɵӣȻԼһƣǽȥ
ϲŸǰƶһ㣬һȺüɵͻȻð˳Ҷĵǰһ˸Ǻȵη󱲣ҶüҰ
󱲣ҶһŭߣȺüɵСֻöߺһըף˶κƮڿеζôȵҡ˻ЩȥҶĹ󣬷ĳЩֻһԣǵСޱȵһֻڰţ
һ仰ȺüɵӾһ飬ȺĿǰͷĿѣ޷ҶģҶֵָȷܹǵģЦǰû˵£׼ҪԸ
ͷʦѰ˼ԼҵͷϣҶļҲҲûʲôֵ̫ȴҶĶǶüɱûʲôøУҪҪͷֱӷأȺ˾ȻֱӾײǹڡ
ҶҲЩСһļһֱ䵽ǶüɵɽǰȻ󽫵ѧǴǽųһʩʩȻߡ
ʱȺüӻ˹ϢҶһŭȻûиʵԵ˺ȴҲǵѪзڣһЩͷһʱûȥҶˡ
ҶȻὫЩһϣֻԼһأͷΧ˵ĿⲻͣԼź桢η廹м̰ĽʵȵȻҵҶܹע⵽ܶƽӵϸڵĻܻ治ƵôС
νʿԭҲöԸ߽֮
ԭΪֻжüΪչ̫죬ϵУԲŻ㣬ԼµĴˡ
ǰǸɲĸ֣Ϊ˴ϵȷżһЩϺҲǼΪˣǿȺˣϿͿתһӶĳ
Ҳ֪Ӱף׵Ӱ磡
ҶҲ𰸣ߵʱֻغʦŽӴг˳һҶôĹȻ϶üѰ·
ȴҶʲһ͵͵ܻ˵غʦü˶غʦҶһսһֱûɱҶıԼʦܱΪܣü¾ԵغʦҶԹ󣬲ֻһεڸֳƣҼǼһȻȡ
üҲвٵӶԴ˶üɼҶıмĵ⣬ԵغʦһΪأʲŴͷҪҶһɫƵľǵغʦĵӣֻû뵽ҶľȻôԵһǲڣֱ÷˶üɲɽŵĻ
ҶʲõľʲôڳʿȻһʶã󲿷ֻǼҶзųһ⣬üɵɽžͱ¶˳ӿеǴ˵еۡ
ɼǵܹɵֻôһ֮¾һɵĻɽҲʵ˾̾ΪҶһ¶ôһ֣ԼҲҶıе⡪Ǿݶȴûһ˸λ鷳
׻˵ΪΪʳҶնɱսǰţŲһЩ˵ģȺֻڵȴˣ񿴵غʦҪ֣޲¶ϲɫ
ȴԼ仯ҶľУҶҲ£ֻǰһ֮Ҷ֣ǣǸ޻أ
ǰĵغʦȻԪ˵ԸֶԸһĿǰԼԼҲɲҶѡһ֣׺ɫˮֱγɣȻȭֱĵغʦȥ
һõǵ׺еƣȭͷһӣ˰γһֱغʦ⺧һеغʦ󾪣вһգʹ纣˰Ƭ̣ųƶ˹ȥ
غʦв亹漴ŭðһ䣺Ȼҳ֣նȻ֮أ
ȴǵغʦ⼸йˣʱǰ׼ֻԼʰҶǸҶӣһ㲻ʶô
仰˵㻹ЦŰҳ飬ҪĲԣʲôﲻԣܵôĲԣ
ü⼸һֱˣʱҲʲôף˷Ժָһ־˰˲ˮ
ټĶüɴ֮ǰͬʿĿ֮£غʦֱӾҪˣ
ҶҲ໰ֱһֽ˵һԣȻ챦ʩչ˿ֻһ죬ȻƺҪǽʱֱͻȻһ͵һһǡûǽɫֵĲ棬ǹ̺ľǱҶİ羢εС
챦ĵ㰵ó־οҶĻ㲻ʹǿѰѸ˺
ֻҶվãϰѾɣܹʱǻ㡪Ͼ˭Ҳϲǣ
ֻһ֣˫ּһˮȻһ׼Ͷˮ˳ֱȡغʦš
Ū
غʦҶˮԼֵʱһֱƵĸоԼɫ֮Ҷƺһ־лһٻ
ȴͼҶĶһˮ򣬵غʦֻоҶָԼڹЦŭ¸ǴҪҶԼˮ
һˮףʦô
ԭҶˮ򲻹ȭͷСÿˮ֮۶ɵĿˮײֻ࣬Ҫһͻ͵ıˮ׾
ⱾǺܳʵõķѰʿҲСǵغʦͬ˼ҿǽһ˽ĸֻ֣һӣ˲ˮеһˮſôڣֱӽˮ̵˶С
غʦֻһˮ׶ᱻԼˮɣͱԼˮ
ȴԼˮˮ֮ͻȻһҲˣһŤƷǳʹһ˶֮Ϸȥֳô󶯾¡¡֮ǲͣÿط󣬶ˮǹ㳡֮ϣΧҲûʲôûбٵʲô
ҶĺһҲȵغʦع̾ͳȥֵ׺õϼȫľʱͬʱʩչƽ˸Ӳӡ
οغʦһʿȥӲҶһǳæָԼµˮԶͬʱˮ͵һֱԼ޴βɨҶġ
˿ƣǻԼ϶ҪˣñβɨУΪֻƾ֪β֮ǵ廹濹סôһ
ҶǲͬβɨϾɢ΢΢һתֱβ˸ӲӲһõǽʮе𾪰
һƺųƽʮһУʱϻ챦еľȻһ󵵴Σûô£һͺԼ𣬺¡¡֮ľýϽ֮ģһſվȡ
ȵ̧ͷȥֻԭغʦ̤ڽµˮʱѾߵֻʣһ룬ǵغʦŵϰ°ˮʱȻҶһƴƬտɫˮƮɢڿУȻɢΡ
Ҷһ๦һ֣һ򱻾Ĳ֪ӦԵĵغʦÿˮͽɫоһſ˶ҧҶģӲֱնҶʣƵҶĻԾȣõغʦʱԾһˮϡ
ʱҲʲſ̬ΪҶĽƾһ˫ƾӲԼķһĻʵ̫һЩ
ǰҲûޣЩ޵ʵ󿴵ۡҶĽ֮ʱоҶĵҲɫķɽ֮ϣνýսԼǰҲûʶֻҶԼҲûʲôֻͬǿŷɽˡ
ȴϽյҶĸʹɽҲʹʲôʲһνĿˮףʱҲܹͨˮоĵǸʵţԼ䵱ʹˮǷ˸ʱˮѾǵڲٵĲˣнɢȥڼ̺Ŀֲˮ׾ǲֱȫˡ
ǵغʦҶ㹻룬ȻƾԼȻڱƵôǱһʼŭģȻϸų˹õ⼸ŷҲԳ
Ȳ˵ԼԺﲻȫԼ̫ܶҲҶοΧͣǲС˵ĸԶüɿɲʲô顣
߹Ƕ࣬ҶȴûǣһƽǽɫĵһԣȻ˳ָһ㣬һֶֻһɫǽϴһ֮󣬾Ȼı˺ԶײԺǽ֮ϡ
¡¡һֱӽԺǽһ飬ô̳
⻹ֻ꣬κûȴͻȻʧţ͵ļҶľȻµĽɫǰͬʱǰһ죬˳һһת͵һģǽֺ¡һ˵ϣһֻŲ档
һϺŻ񰵻羢ȥƣȴƿǽŵ״ɼǾ֮񣬶һֱ̤ǽ֮Ϻ󣬰羢͸վͦԶĵغʦû£ȴ͵һ𣬾ŭ´һӸҶ
Ҳܲʲôһ㣬ʣļˮ͵ȻֱҶĶȥ
٣֪żˣ
ҶĺûЩˮһֻԹԵ𰵻羢ͣǽֵй䣬ͣĴеһŶ
ǽϵĽɫâҲǺǿʱ΢ţ¶˿ྭĵĽֱ壬ǿʱȴ̫һֱӡҶ˵ȴûа⣬˫۶أ
ȵǼˮǰҶֻǰվԭأЩָˮǰһ㣬ʮǷ˵˾䣺Ū
˳һ仰ʱûʲô˼ֻҶǱֲɵˣʼȴһӣһƬͣһ㳡ƺҲ£ҶǰһƬĻĵʲôˮоֻһ

ޱ޼ʵɫһŴһһظУݺȥɫ⣬ͣصŵƿ֮˶һ䣬໹Ҷĵľݶһ亹
ֲľת˲ʧĶǻ󡣿ѾʧˮȴףһвԼ˻þ
غʦͷ亹⡭⡭ʲô
ʿ
Ŀڣ˫ǣۣȭѵʵһʥʿ


084 
ҶĵȻһʥʿȻղõ޽ӽһУվֻһɽկİˡ
ݺȥҲȭһޱȵĽɱܸһЩֻһ뵽ԭȭٶǴﵽ˹٣ȭͷӳȭľ
ǲҪˣҶҲһĹͼԼĶֻ΢΢һ͵һƣ׺бһ޴ˮŴҶз˳Ʋȵغʦİ˲ˮĲ
һõǿлڣ뵱ҶĲŵõʮƵʱ򣬶Ʒ뷨ƫĵģص֮ͨ²һЩõĹȻͨԭԼԽʮƵкܶ඼ƫˡ
һǰãôȻһͣΪһֱ⽵ʮƾǸ͵ƷųǿһеĿлڣȻǸеĸ͡
ŷ֣лڻ֣֪һ֮ϰһҶŽĻص˽ʮȷ·ϡǰ÷칦ӣԼͱƷˡ
ʱһƴƲҶȴһƣõȴǵ׺ˣǱѩֻһˮ֮һŭצֱ˵غʦȥ
غʦʱ򲻵ʧ˷ǿˮҲҶȥʱֱֻһۣһתۣˮסƬ̣ѾԽһҧҶʦ
ǡڴʱӴֳһˣϼһ飡ͬʱ˫һӣ಼ɽûһĹâֱƾȻʿ˳һӸһ͵ľȻһغʦԣһԣҪܹƾ
ǵˣ
ڳ˶ϳͻȻϵʿǶüǵˣҲǵغʦʦ֣üеϡ
˵Ϲ߾гѹһͷ˶ظ˵ԼܹӮ
ǵò˸еɵһЩƶüɲˬ˼غʦԱҲиҶĴܹǵغʦҲ˳ƸɵǵһǾ˼ֻ첻ü
ǿϧ
ֻҶûô룬ǵ˵ĺŭһаһ䣺ʲͺ¿ÿˮҵʱʱܳʲô飬ð
Բûа˼ָһƣһƺҶϵת߶ֱʰסࡢơϡڡɫҲǸвͬк˳ͬٶҲǿб𣬽ǵغʦȥ·߸˸š
һ˶һȣ˰һ䣺ʲô
ȴǽҶһԻ챦߲㾢ƶĳЩȫΪ⾢̫׽ᣬǵغʦԼǵҲôġ
ҶŲ̫ĺô
ǵ˼Լ棬ҳȰ֮ҶĲû֣мӺҲֻ̫ʶôȴҶ̾ͳһ䣺ȲùˣǲŽĺҶĳǻмֶΣڹˣ
ԣҲɵöǶü˼ۣʲŵغʦжҪȡҶʱҶķȻûзŹĵȫ쾭飬ǵ˵ĻʱöüɹȻй
˾˵⵱ǵ˵ɽѾȺƾƵֻҶ̺ľ̫ԵǿᣬǵɽȻƣҲɳԶ޷ǰ
˱ʣǵҲ˲Ҷļǿ֮æһ֣۵ವɽ˳ǷųһĹâٶҲǿ쵽˼㡣
ֻһգۣɽ˵غʦǰȻڳ֮ƣ߶һһնȥֻ߶ȫͬľɽҡһΣÿһ֮ɽϵǹⶼȥ࣬ȵҲ֮ɽѾԳòϵǹѾʱͨˡ
ǵ˼״󾪣һ⾿ʲôȻǿᣬЩҵǽ˵
ԭüŵķɽһǽһ߱Ӧǳ֮ӦǣԽǶҲǶʮ֮
˵ͨ׵㣬ǽԽ׻ȸܹ֮֮ʹõĺãѰֻæӦԣмܲס
ֻǵĸߣԳ֮ʱɽҶֳֳʼղϽ߱ɽȫȴԼ߱ɽģ¼ҲˣЩоԲλɽš
յغʦҲϸ˵ǵ֪ҶĲԼʦܵʵʱоû䵱£շֵغʦҶڴҲΪԼʦȫšƽҶĸɵ
ǺԽԵغʦķչȵҶҪȡˣλסӵзɳҼɽҪҶĵ¡
ȴϽУж·磬Ҷһ߶ֻƾеԼķɽǶɫŵغʦȥ
ֻһ䣬Լʦʹֻ֮£Ҳû֮ǣȴǵɫɵغʦǰ֮Ȼ͵һ̺ĵ׺ҾΪɫĽֻһ˲ͽغʦûС
ʦܣ
Ȼõغʦн巨ţһµҪôȥԼʦһΪ֮ƾǾסҶģмֵĻᡣ
ǵ˴֮£ٹ˲ʲô֮ĶһɽѾߵɽȫȫ˳
Ƕüɵǽ
˼״󾪣˸ǵɴҪķɽǸʲôӣʲôͬʱҲвʩչʽֶΣ÷Լ˴׺ݣǸˡ
вѾڴ㳡֮УʹֶηɵУӸߴȰȫܹһЩ
ͬʱٶüҲ׷׼˸ԵķɽֻǲȥҶģԱ㽫עתƵɽ˵ϡ
ͷЦǺǵĶԻصһ䣺Ҿ֪ʦֽδüɣȻʲô飡˼Ҵûȥ͵úͶԷƴƴˣ
һ˵⻰һߴָȡһһ֣üɫһ䡣
ԭΪͳǱ⽣Ϊ͹ԽԽǿѰѾ޷ҪҶĽɻķ͡
ӡжüɵӡǣҶĵҲǶòãǴɾУ·ɽзɻضüȥˡ
ƫƫҶĵһ˫۾˱仯ҳƿֻ֮Ҫ΢һֶξͽǽ⽣еƸƵһ´һ⽣ó͵Ŀζ
ֻϵı仯Զü˻һ۾ܹϳϽ⽣Ƕüڵشܵ˷ɽڵ֣֮
ⳤһóͺƷһһüɵ뽫Լķɽգ۵Ĺ춼Ǹָķɽͷҹ⻪ҲǸʽʰ쵵ĺò֡
ЩɽȫͶΧۿֵʿǵһʱԶԶģȻһֵı飬ҪɽӦӦҵĹ
ȴǶ㿪һԣȻڻͷȥʱѾû͵Ӱ˻䣬дһ죬˳תߵֻǰ֮оȻͣЩͶὫԼгǰһ㣬ȻЩʰ쵣Ʋķ͵Կе
⡭ʲô
ȥӽӲɽɹǴ˵е𣿡
Ѱʿֲľ˾Ǻˣ
ԭɽȻѾ˲ٵֻǴ˽Լ˵ҲҶĶѣҲҶĵķ˹Ҳǲףɽɻʲôˣʲôͣжȫò֪ġ
ֻЩôľȻ˵˾䣺ĪǾҶˣ
ƫɤżһɤӼڳ˶˸Уڿ޾ķ紩ߵһΣЩӿˤǲһͱͻȻһöһкǧС
ͷӦ죬ٶȱͼ죬ֻоհˣһһкǧ꣬úһôٵˡ
ȻҲõǽ⽣⽣ôҲ֪ķɽҶһЩƣֻӲĻǼ򽣾Ҳȫˡ
ɽ䵽ͬʱֳֳ̺Ӵڵľγ˺Ӧÿһ̳ǽ⽣ϵĹâ͸ʤ˼֡
ȵúѾƲӰֻܿһŴһ˿ɫĽڳݺȥ߲˭ҲƲǸʲô˶á֪˭ɽˣ书ܲҶĲ
ʲôЦ
Ҷ֪Щ˵뷨϶ʹȺû۵ļһȻֵۣΪ书ԼĶֶһЩͨĶüɵӰˣԼӦԵĿǶüɵBOSSҲᲢۣ
ôԼһɾΣˣõǳŴʱǵغʦѾңȽͺ¿Ū
ʱǵѾ߱ǽзһ任ֻ߱ɽͻȻһ⣬ȴǽϷȸ޵Ļ֮˵ȸ֮𲻵ǿа֮ܣҼǲĻ棬Ǳմ϶㣬Ҳӱճɻҽ³
ȸһ֣ǵ˺ȵҶģȻ㲻ʶôݹֱ˽飡
װģҶȴᣬʹݣ͵ʧȻڷǳǱĵغʦͻȻð־һʹ˳
ʦСģ
Ϊѹһѹɽ˵ǵˣֻǰһҶľܵԼʦܵԣʧҲԼȸûȫ̶߱ɽҶġ
⻹꣬ǵҶĹǿᣬսǿҵغʦԵǳ׵ɫɽûóǵڼɽ֮̽һģֻҿһڶʮһӰľзɳ
ʮһľӭǣֻƬ̹ͳ˶ʮһһתһۣȷλú͵ҽ
һ¡¡죬涼һע⵽ǵ˵ľٶ
ʶõ̾еüҪˣ
಻ʶôȴ˵ȴɲ˵ǽҪñôôǶʮһ
˻û˵ֻ꣬ǵ˵ıֽʮһҲһСڿкƼǹȻǶʮһ澵ӷֱǶʮһȥ˲͹档
ʱҶǡñУֻȴ벻Щ仯ӣһһĽæҵĵغʦҲͣ˵ľ롣
ҶľҪ۽غʦǰֻҪһ־ͿԽԼ£ȴΧƾ͵һ仯ԭΧͣʿͻȻӰҶĺƿΧһһԿ£Ҷо״Ծܹһ⡣
ʱע⵽ǻѾõĵغʦͻȻЦҶģʦֵĽУɣȴԼû˵ֻ꣬ǰһʹƱһһ㣬һͷ֮һƬ߲ʰ쵡


085 
߲ʹ⻪ǵغʦһ棬˾ͱ䣬һգ۵Ĺͱճ˻ҽҲڴС
Ҷ˵˫ͫвʹת任ͣɫסڡת˲ֱһƬֻ̣ûΪ죬֮ϼתȴ˾ù죬úǺÿ
ǵغʦʧĵطҶİһ뽫ŶԸǵ˵ģȴ뱻ʲӽ˼ƻ
ͫпʹĵƣǿƥһʿֵܹģܹǴ벻֮ʹǶԷĽͺغʦһ̼ͱճ˻ҽ
ȻغʦһԼǰ㹥ȫֶҲҪԭ֮һ
Ҷ˵غʦĽ֣İ˲ˮõ׺ؽķֶθ˳һ๦˲ɱǵغʦ
ֻ㼼¶ٻǳ˵û뵽üоȻֲ󷨡
ҶԾȥֻһⲻͣȥҶ۹۲ܣһСľͻᱻǽյ
ȻñյʲôЧǿҵΣԼԼ˫ҲڲͣԼΣգͲȥԡ
ҲûȥԣȻøޱҵ³
Ƿ֮սУʮһ󣬶ʮһ澵ųĽݺύɣУֻҪǽյ̼ͻữһ̲ѪˮȶȲ
üɵǵܹõ󷨣ҲһԵֻõһͼû㹻ǿĲµֻһˣ
ֻеɴڵĵ򣬼ĽҲ˭ȥԵģѾ㹻ǵ԰ԵغʦһԼʦʹ󷨣ŻһɣغʦԼʦֵŽ㹻ģҶʲôֶΣ޷Լǰ
ƫƫõغʦƵǣҶһ˫ܹʩ˫ۣ̼Լ׼Ŀȼǿƥ𡪡ǽⲻѰ˿ģ˭ģοغʦ׼ûУޱҡ
ⷬ˶ƲֻһǱʮһסķΧڵһǾҲƲˣȥƣֻܿããһƬʮһλöֻܸ̾һȻԵǿᡣ
ȻУҪͣϮĽ⣬̾Ҫ֮ء
ѩͻ¼Ҷı֮ʱһģͿǵǵ͵ɫһ䣬ȻһŭŽŴһҶģɱ꣡
ŭһ˻һģҶıȽ˽ѩȴһ¸ǵȻţϵʦܱүиɱˣ
˵䣬ֻͻȻصԭλȻϽ⽣һ˦һģķͱ˦˵ȥȴǸղҪԼҷסͳȻɽȥȴһ󣬽⽣ҲƱðһ貵Ľ⣬𹦣һɴ˳ųעǷ֮ϣӲĽⷨϵˡ
ʹ֮˸͵һѪֱӻ赹ڵأʱҲ֪ͬʦֵ̧ܸȥ
ΪһֶΣЩȽϳ嶯ĶüɵӴʱҲֻһԶͣʲôɽ֮ĸǶ˻ȥԼҲЩѪԵʦֵһޱҵĽ֡
ϧοЩ˴඼Ǹոտϣ½ʿȻܻƴõ˽ѵ̶֮ηǰһЩС֮˸Ⱥмȥñ˶ϡ
ЩĪ˵ɽƵһΧҲУȻûǶٻǻһüɣ˼Ҷ򵽼ſˣеӾȻηǰҲΪŴɣ
תͷҪǵ˻Σȴĵһͷ亹Уз任ͣԽԽǸӾȻ˿սС
ĪҶǿᣬǱˣǵҲκã
Բ²ţֻǵŭһǽȾȸٴγУǰǽ޹ǸҶģϲźľȻԼǽӲӲ
µʲһ͵ϮԼһǽȻҶʳжָסȻָϴĺ侢ԽԼɽᡣ̶˽еĽ⣬ԼķɽѾȥһ
޾Ȼôǿ𣿡
ʱǵ䣬ͻȻϣλܹͬԼһ֮ҶоݶǴ󲿷ͬıԴջˣȫпһΧɱҶġ
ǵ˸еֵǣΪʼղЩ˵ĵΧȻΧʿ඼һЩССˣĴɸȴһû
ȴ֪Ҷ֮صĸ߿֮ϣʿפڴ˹ۿսиβĴɸ֡
ֻҶйһսͶʦүǲȥô
ȴüͷ˻֣ȥʲô
һ㶣ȴû뵽ô˵漴ͲӻˡǼɫÿԹԹԵľһԴţĹۿ̬ı仯
᲻ȥΧҲǲֵֻǣһֻΨüհɾȻҲǳ򶨵ĴڿУֻһƽĿǵ˼Ǻˮȴûаȥæ˼
ɽصƼ̾׹ҪԼĸӸӣܲɽü֮ŪûΪ»ֵһǰࡣ
᣿ʱȷǰǵ˴кϣ˴еʱ򣬶üɲҪɽɷͻһԴΪءǷ飬ԼһʹƱ˺ݺݵĳһһ
ΪڶüɵĲͣﲻȥΪԼһȥΧҲȥ
һ価üɽŵУôǵ˶ȻԼ˳֣òƽϢ˳Ҫ
᱾ǲϣģοҶĻԸ⽫ɾţԻĿǰĶӴˡ
ԳϴңԵԳϱ֮
ҪΧҶģȥʱȥĻôһ̰˳ɾʹȥˣỹҶܸһЩѵأ
ȻƲеǴǵ˵ıҶĿ϶û飬һƵϵǱֻҪȵǵ˺ѾʤȯյʱȥȻҪϵʿ󷨣ȿҶһ飬Ҳܶһǡ
ֻǡ
Ŀһƣֻغһתͷ΢΢ʩ˸ȻһƽĿ·
ɵķӦȷ˲ܲ⣡ĪɺɽɴʲôЭ飿
ƲỹƲ
ڽģһƶһƽĺƿϷһֻʮ޵ȴãɵˣ˲ʹɱУ
ǣΪ׵ĿǵϴתһȥԸɽɣ
ĪǣҪ˶üȻȡ֮
ԽԽܴܺҲɣȻܸľ¡ҶģҲһܹ˱Ϣˡ
ٲһˣ
ţͻȻǵɫ䣬ԼҲ˲ˣȻ͵ˣͬʱ߱ɽԼǰһǽƺڷʲô
˶ţֻ͵һϹ⣬һɢɫâķɽȻг˳Ȼǵ˵ķɽӲӲĶԺһǣһľ죬ɢĽǽеһЩɢ࣬ͬʱҲ¶ľ
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ѩµĸչÿһոյҲٿϷȺЩΪʿǴһš
һ仯̼䷢׼飬ղûҲ뿴ɽ˵ͣȴͻȻ֦ڣæֻǾôƬ̹򣬶üɽʣһЩѾɱ˸⡣
ҶĲɱǣϾҲɱ˿ħǶԼһͽͷһԡ
ȻңǾҪۣ
üɸĴ۾ǣ


088 ֦ڣ
һзĺܿ죬Ҳܿ죡
һأɽɵѾ֣ͣΪüʣµĵѾɱɾϵʿ״Ҳֻεĳ̾һ
Ҷţ
ˣ
໥֮ѾƲĶüɣ˴ˣҶŽ֮ĪҪ׷ˣ
ҶЦЦҶĳǺɱ֮ˡֻҪ뱾ԣȻΪǣ
仰һǵ֮·Ҷ𣬶üɶʹɱ֣Լ˷üɵӻᱻɱҲȫΪҪûɱԼŻ֮֡
ԼֻɱΣԼˣЩѾǰȥĶüɵûΪѡղһսҲһЩüɵӼȥЩҶҲ׷ɱһǲ񣬶ҲûҪȥ׷Ϊһ缸Щ֮أѰʦţ˳ҲһЩСС
Ϊʵװ׵ǣɽȻɱˣҲ޻˵Ǿɽɱ̫һЩ
Ͼ΢λ˼һ£Լ飬˳Ҳľٶ˲Ҷ˵ΪüɶҲϤ
Ҷţ׼δü𶥣
еĶü𶥲ԵĶü𶥣ڶüɽϸصһطƽ˿ȥһ֮ءǶü֮أֻȴҶĸС룬ڵҲɱ˸ࡣ
һˣǻὫ˵ؾΪУüϵȻСĳԣҲ׵΢ôһ㣬Сռ޵£ܹԱ֤ԼΪ˲
ɽɵ˵壬еĹǿеκһطҶġ͵˿ҲܵӰ죬ɾܣȻҲò˴
οôɽţҶ¿ûôĵӡԺǾݶԽеɽӸٻҶҲǴŽǶڸɾȥǿ϶Ҫǿ
˵ü𶥶Ҷ˵
ҶĳֻΪԱ̰ͼüҵ˵ģü𶥣ҶĳȻҪ
仰˵ʱûΣҲСΧһȺֶ˸һֱʱҶⷬǵɫ΢ÿһ㡣
޲ֻҪҶĲǰɱ֮ˣôһк˵ǻɵλɽԼɽͷɱһͨȻɽžΪС
ȻҶô˵ô㽻ϵҶΪΣ
Ҷĳ֮ã
齻ҲãϵǽЩͶȥĶüһȻüУ˵½µĶüɣǶҶҪǵˡ֮ɽɵѾ£ԺԼҲǿ˵ϻˡ
ƣҶķֵԼĿЩ˶΢ЦźԼͷҶһ߻ҲһȻ
ȺˣʵжҲ˼ɵټɾ֮£жֺҲ
Ȼͷ䣬ͼɽɵżһ˹ȻҶĽʦ֣Ҳλɽţ
ͼǵʩһ񣺡ɽһӣ
ɽиѧʶĶУȻżһװ磬ȴҲǷ֮ǸʿҲ֡
ҶĻһ֮󣬾ͼŶ׷׵Ĵ˹ʲôٲݰڵȵȡ
һҶ⣬أԼͱѪԪиЭ飬˵õȵ˴δ֮ʱغú̸ζԸüɡ
ֻΪ֦ڣûϵغʦȻסԼһ¶ϺоͳҪɱƵҶ˺ֱ֣ӽüɵˣûõʲô顣
Ҷĺжһ
ҶǾԼôɴĸɵ˶üɻǰݲԭԼиٹ̣ͬʱҲþɽɸɵ˶üɣ䱾ҲԪˣҪһʱսһʱɷչĻᡣ
Ҷĸʲô鶼ûУҲǺˣɽɱѪо͸ɵ˶üʵҪԤϵҪǿࡣ
һ黹ǵķȥչ
ҪǣͲ֪ɽɻжʵûչ¶ϾҶɶһ֮رУԭһΪɽʵѾûˣǰͶһʦôҶĵûܹ֪֮ʱѾ½һɽЩ˶˭
Ҷʦܣɽɱһ˵дʣ֮УˡᲢûɽȫɶھݶһ˵ȥ˼ɵܣûҶͬ⣬Ҳ˵
뵽࣬ضҶıֵʵޣĿԵΪɵȻɵ鶼Ҷ΢Զĵط¶ġ
ΪҶĲ˫ۣԼ΢Զһ㣬Ӧע⵽ԼŶԣȴ֪Ҷ۹磬иͶע仯ȫûӹҶĵע⡣
֪ѾԼ˼ɵҶҲ˷֮ġ
ԶҲֻι֮ߣҲûģüһȥоɽɣ𣬰˳ɻɽɻᰭ·ˡ
һ룬ֻԭõǽһ°˳ûϷˣϾ˫Ѿû˹ͬĵˣΪüɵΪϵĵжߡҪҺӴɣɽҲҪңɽ˹ҷ֣˲ȻԽԽãͲðصŶһ򾡣һ
һ˵һҶͻȻʵģǴỹô
ƣѾģǴỹʲôҲգ
ýδҪɽ飬ǸղɽɵЩѾչǵʵ֪Щ˼ǰʲôʵˣ̶꣬˾޴Ľ֪ҶĵԼ֮ﲢڿ
˼֪νĴҶĽݶǲܵˣοҶĵʵҲʵֲ̫˵㣬ҲϨ˿ǿͷ
ϾӽͿ֪ҶҪƴڳЩɸ֣ǳ˭ֲ˺ã
üɣǾǰ֮
˷׷׵ͷҲ£ҲǴҾһ۰ˣҲʺϿȥʹɢ˰ɣ
ԣɢ˰ɣ
Իȥˣ
Ҷļ˶ô˵Ҳٶ໰һȭȻˣҶĳһˣ
ʱɽѾۼҶΧǡ仰ͽպʵͻȥô
ҲûʲôˣȻҪȥ
Ҷ˵Ҳ£𽣹ֱӷѩͻһƣҲ׷ʹ⽫޷еĵӹУ׷ҶĶȥ
Ҷķ֮ʱֻԼȥûýסˣҶĵܲãԳִͽ˴ߡ
ȵ˶ˣͲų˵˱һգ͵ǰһܣ˲׷һҶĵˡ
ͷɽȥԼͬĳһ
ɽˣÿ˶ôɱ
֪˭˵һ䣬ȴ˶˸УȻͷͬ
Ҷʦֵܣɱʢ˵˴һ٣ƺڻʲôƬ̺Ҷĵʦܣʲųֵʱ򼸺ǰⲫȫгɱУõĽ书ȷ󣡡
ҲڸԻղ뵽ҶӲֻƾгɱ˵Ļ棬ֻûҲ˼Լ˶ԵУֵܷ˺ã
ȥΨһİ취㹻룬ܽҶĽһȻûʤ㣡ĻƺȫķӾ󷨡
뵽ʱ˲Լͬżһۣ漴뵽żҶĽ֣ԼķҶشˡ
ɽɳ֣羿Ǻǻ
Ⲣûش˶ûпڣΪ𲻺þ׵ˣװư͡
ȴȻǺ£ǻε磿ɱЩıͷܣʹһʼλ۷壬ӣأ
ϵʿ̾һʽ΢ЩԽǿʢʹǵҲ̧ͷѵϣһֱȥ
ͳµĻļʱ̽ɱ˲ˡ
ʹޣֻֻƾԼԸı棬ò׳һҶģĵܹı仪ĴĹϵʿǺܸ˵ģȻҪ֧һ
ĻҲĬΪʽ΢ҲĺܱĶɾѾΪǷΪԼܹ
Ҿɣ
һͻȻ̾һȻԼҵȥҲ׷ȥһЩСɵʿǱһ֣ʱҲ֪ѾᣬҲ׷׵뿪
Ƭ֮֮Ͼֻʣ䵱ɡɽԼˡ
䵱˵Ҫʰü̯ӣȻߣɣֱӿڣüҲǼھӣʲôܹûУ
һۣȻشʲộҲ⣬и˰æܱԼһæǿ
οüѾûʲôĽüؽҲ֪üѾԭǸüˡǵֲûиı䣬˾ˣؽĶüֻһҶƵɡ
ɣֵȥעؽüŪɵĸӹҲ⡣
ڻɽɣһֻǶ˾Ȼûе档
֪ôˣ
ȴ⣬⼸ԽĹˣȲ˵⼸߶ɾҲ˵ӰļֻɵһЩᱲӣ֪ľֻбӾʿ
⼸е֣׼æȥɽһˣҲƾô£
һ룬ʱĪ˺ƶƶҲȥƵģ
˵ͷûټ˵⣬µӿûжŵĶüɵӣȻƶü𶥸󷨣һƣĿԽ˵ء
Щ飬ҶĶ֪һ뿪˶üɽ֮һֱɳԶȼһ˵ɽ½⡣
ʦ֣ˣ
ѩһܵҶԣҶԽ԰׵ɫҲԵúǽ
Ҷİ˰֣ûʲô򽣾̫󣬱Ϊָ˲٣뻹ô󾢡
ȴⲢһηУҪһգԼղһеľôֲ˸⣬Щ˵Լĸ
ֻЩڶǰҲ˵ֻһûʲôӣֻҪúһˣ
ѩҶô˵Ҳ֪ʦǿţתͷ뻪˸ɫŮҶһգȻ𽣹⣬ٶȥȴ׼ֱӴҶĻɾΪĻʺ
ͶԼµǻ벻⣬ֻǽŮµ̯ӣȴ˳ɶ١˷£ȻЦŵټ󣬲򶫺ȥ
ֻû뵽ǣһҶĲûһصɾΪҶļһ֮ϣͱһ˸


089 ɱѪ
ҲֻǰԶһĨ̹⣬Ҷı㲻ޱȵ⡣
һĪǡ
뵽һǳĿܣ޽ӽʵ
ԭǱѪ棡ҶĴѩĽгȻڿСһ·ѩţԼרڵȻûлָնѾʲô¡
ͱҶĴʱѾûʲôˣֻԼԼڵ翴ȥôãĵûлָȻڲͣ޸ԼڵİˣͬʱŬĻָԼ
ԽԽ٣ԪҲһƶǰ£Ļٶ½˺ܶ࣬Զǵܱȡ
ûϺĶܣٶȶ˺ö࣡
ֻʹѣҶҲֻװûʲô״Ԫ֪Ҷĳν£
ԪӼҶľͿʼ´Ҷģ˰죬ֻҶƺûʲôԾҶķʣҪҶ飡
Ŷ
ԪٺһЦҶһ
Ҷһ㶣漴һƲмĵ治Ҫ˵ͷ԰ģֺĻɣ
Ԫһ㶣漴һЦ֪ߣҶҲ
һѩͻǰһͬʱ貽⽫ҶҶһ֮£ŮԼΣԼ޷֣ԲһԼס
㣬Ÿ߶ԷԼã˶ˣ
ȻԪһЦҶŹȻȴֲñռˣ
û䣬͸оһϮԪʩչݷ˲Ҷĵ˾룬ʱע⵽ǵһɫâĳɢģ֮һɫȹŮӡ
ٺ٣ҶţֻܶŮйǱ
˾ԪֻҶޱȣиʤаһѰ˼ʵڲƴҲҪشҶģ뾹Ȼûᣡ
ʦֵϢûֻҪܽҶɱˣɽȺף㻹бִܹ֣һʱҲܷ𣬾Ϳһˣ
תͣȴֻѪһӣһѪĳͳǰ˽һԳؼȾһѪɫʵı̿պƱ˰ǵԪڿУƮ裬ٲȻһħͷ
Ūôͣкã
Ҷиһ΢һЩѩͻŮԪ֡
˲ãҶյŮһ𣬻ŮĹȻΪڵľսϡ٣ŮĽٶѾ޷統һʼܸԼһͣĿʵҲŮȹԼΪʱ䡣
⼸ŮĹʵϲû̫࣬ǶԼȴԶǵɱȣͬʱԼһЩʽҲ˸ε⡣
˵ģֻѪӦ֮£»ּʹ½ɵĿˮ⣬ųһƬ͵ˮѪ࣬ʹ䲻˺ԼͿ֪ŮĽжˡ
ѩüһǶֳڶͷϣƵõ˺һٶ͵࣬ĽǱ࣬лһ貵ɫֱԪ
ԪΪŮΪϾҲѩ֣ʱѩķɽȻȴҲ벻ۣȴϼûȻǵ㾳磿
ˣҲ¡
ָϷһ󣬾ħѪ̵˺һӿµѪ⣬ѪϸкƣڿһתУֱȡѩ
ֻҪҵľħѪһմɽˣ
ȻľħѪκβҶĵԪΪԼ񽣻ûɣͬʱҶĵʲôŻˡ
ɲɽһ˵ķɽͲԼ񽣣οľħѪɣҲԶʱɱȡ
ȴûϵѩȻָʹħһӲӲĶԺ䣬Ԫ֮ҲǰϲСƤҪԵͷ
¡һ죬ŹԺ䵽һ޴ͺͬһʱڶͬʱǿ´ȥҲȻˡ
ҶĿ˿µĺˮֻѰ˼һýĵطûɶǲ֪⺣˵̫ƽͷ᲻ɺХ
ѩԪķɽԺ䣬ȴǰȤҲǷ
ȣѩԪķɽԾͶƣѩķɽڱ仯ˣҪⲢķɽԪǱħҪǹףа죬ѰɽͲȥ
ƫƫѩķɽɣͲЩ˽մȾаĲȻͨɽϵ²һֽͺˡ
˵ķɽײһ󣬲ȻֲҶȴʲôںѩô
ȻԪħӲһ֮ѩķɽɢƬһ˵ɫĵ㣬ڿɢĵǡ
㾰Ī˵Ҷе㾪ȣԪҲǳԾɽôʵһ֮¾ͻˣ
ȴΪѩķɽԼħƬû뵽ķȥ
ЩƬȻƱһƬƬɫĻ꣬ɢ֮ûƮ䣬˷ķԪ
ʱԪ׹ԭⲢ˼ҵķɽԼˣǶԷɽһЩ֮ɽôķɽ
ҶĵͲ˵ˣŮӵķɽҲǷǳأȻԻƬǼѩʹñشǵˣǵʱɽǻ⣬кôͬ
ȴҶһ͵ЦѩǶԼС๦ԣȻģǧӣȫ˵ǺʵĺܣΨһ鷳֮ľҪǳϸĿ
ͬʱҶĻ֣ЩɫĻŷеʱȻԽԽ࣬Ҷϸһƣע⵽ѩһвģǧӣͬʱǧй⽣ķţʱ۳һ껨齣
ƶҪôȻܣ۳һССƬģѩǿǵһ㣬ʹôһǷǳʵԼǡ
һƬ͵ԪѪʹɽԮԾȣȴٲתͷһƣŷһŮӾȻ֪ʹʲôţԼķɽסˡ
ȴǻԼѾɵɫǷɽһʹħ޷Ԯñ֤ѩһԽǱѪС
ֻһӣһӦֶɫ⻪һƮһҪܵħϺݺݵһģһ쳣Ľ֮
ħһ֮ºƱԣڿеĴͬʱΧ˸ĺǺкԩۼҵĺз
һ֮ɫҲе㲻ÿȴûаɣҲǸһӣˮĺɫⱻ˦˳ˮһǺɫ⵱оȻöޱȴˮЩˮһЩЩ̱һʧڿС
ҶľǣǰʧʱƺܹһзɳЩϾȻϲ֮ɫ
ĪǱеԩꣿ
Ѱ˼ţֻ½ջأ˫ǰһӣ˫ּ͵һɫâɫһֻ֣һвͣķ¡¡ڶһһǱħ
µ⼸УȫԸħȻǿԵһʱᾹȻҲѲֻҪƾ⼸ֽħȥȴҲ֮¡
ɼҲԪһƣԼΪķɽԷĹѾɱǰԼǧ˲ϢζݣȴҲǲ֮ˡ
ѩһǧй⽣֮ǧӣԪ쳣ͷۣæ佫ķͨͨʹ˳ֻһâԪзɳ廨ɫʰ쵣û
ѪվãҲǺ˼꣬һҵҲǲףɰʱ㷨ɳҲѩ̾Ϊֹ
ʮ˸һкǧ¡¡ĽԼһŻըһ֮Ǽŷ䱻Ѫ˦˳⼸ŷ䲢ûзԶ˲ɢڱѪΧһεķ֡
Ԫ˦һ̨Լһս˳˦һǹǹһȼٲȻһֻˣһķŸոձը·˹ȥ
Ѫ̨ŴΧΪ˷ֹѩһм׷Լ˦һײĶ
ײĶޱȣƽƽ棬ûκϡǵһ仨֮󣬾Ȼ͵ıǳֲֻ̼䣬ԭһɫ֮ȻһƬ𺣣ɫģȻʲôͨĻ档
ǹ𣿡
ѪֶνѩһֻһԼķɽûб׻ȥֻʱۼɵĻΪǿȲߣҲ۾ûˡ
һָԼڻ¾ۼɽͣȻ𽣹ɫѶֻǳһѩͷɫմһƾԼ˹ɫʼϡ
ԼоԼڽеһֱ䳹ǵĸоͬʱһʹ̾Ȼ˵Լ
˴֮ѩٲɣ̽ֱԪֻһԼɻءһƽѩüдĽҲĿǰʹĸҪ
ԪȻЩǷḻ;黹µһǺҪĴڣҲޱɫֱԼһָԼĻ̵תֱѩƽҪɱ
Ԫû뵽ǣԼΪҪԻȥѩɫ̻ܿٵŮ˵ķɽʱ򣬱ֻǷǳһƽȻ͵»һɫâĳͬʱ΢һת򣬷Լӭǹ
⣡
ϵԪʱеֻŽţһָ̨ɫһָԼӭǹǱɽĹͬʱ뷽跨ҪħһŮӵľ
ȴϾʱԼĶͻȻͻȻַæһתͷŷ֣һֱԼŮӾȻ֪ʲôʱѾ۽Լԣ˫һӣһ˫˫ƽ޾һ㣬ΧȫӰԼڼ䡣
ѩ޵ʹɲ統ǰ඼У˵ǰѩʮһʵУ־ʹﵽơҸؼиģٶҲ죬ӰҲ࣬пֵܳǶ˸ʵʵ
ԪǼŷܹ֧Ƭ̣ȴѩӰһ֣Ǽŷ̼ͻƬѩһ֣Ƚ⼸ŷȥˣ
Ȼ󡭡ûȻˣֻýϵ֮Ԫ˲ʹʧȴǱ޾Ľ֮Ҷˣ
ڴʱһӭǹչ黹һ𣬶Ȼʧȥ˵ӭǹĻɢ¶˱ģͣԶȥһֱһиӸš


090 
һУһĺУһỹ˧ĺУ
֪ΪΣҶͻȻùһС
ӡеĺж඼٣Ż׺ӵϺУԻʦӡ
ȴվȻһУ֮ҶĵһӡȻǣǣпϧˣ
еҪȥǣ̾ܺȫΪĳʵ̫˧ˣҲǻĸоһүǡ
нгǹһ˦֮ĿתҶϣԶԶľͶҶʩһ񣬵һţƶɮ棬Ҷţ
ʶң
ҶĿɺµûʲô飬¾޷𷨣𷨶иɮҲ߶յбչСȴ֪ʶõԼ
ƶɮҶ֮Ҳţ
˵⻰ͬʱ΢΢ǰһ̤ϰ׵ľƲһ̾Ҷĵǰ
ʵֶҶҲʹóһʹñлҪᣬһƻȻһȴֻһͿƳеʵԼ֮¡
ȻǸ֣
ҶһͬʱΪԼûʲô飬еȴкܿһھ͵ƶɮֻǱԹ˺µģ
һָǻڰУȴΪû˶ֻǵŵľħѪ񽣣ɽûȻƶҲΪûԼ̺ѪԼԹĺһƬر޵һ㣬гѪɫǺڰֹİͺС
Ҷ׹ɮΪζ뵽ƺвٷŶǶԸԹģղżľ󣬶ǱеҲΪͬ飬ҶĳΪ·ѣдʦڣ⽣꾡Եõˣ
Լһ˵жˣΪǾ޷֮Ϊ޳ٲҪһһЩ¡ǳ飬űԹȻҲǴĺ£ˣԼΪҲǴ档
ȴüͷһ壬ҡͷ̾Ϣѣ
ָǾħѪ񽣵ħҪȼԹ飬Ȼȥ˽еƣڣһСľܹ˵Թ飬ʱ򽣻ȻҲ޷ˣ
Ҷ֮鷳ЩҲ޲ߣֻܸ̾һ׼ˡ
ѣн񣬸ոոɵ˱Ѫ棬˭֪ɻ᲻ɳʲôѪ桢Ѫ֮ѰԼ鷳Լ޷Ӧôˡ
һǻºѩԼߣǱѪʱеУҲѩ㹦죬Ҳ׵ľͱѩɵ
ǴһʼͽԼķɽ˳ȥ޷ٻһɽʿ˵ޱģѪһʼͷôĴȻֲúá෴ѩҲνֶλ࣬޵Ҳ֮һˡ
ҶţǱѪܹѩһ̺ƣѩбֶε
ܵ˵ѩıֻǺܲģô͸ɵ˱Ѫ棬ҶҲǵ⡪ĳ̶ֳ˵ѩΪҪռĹ͡
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Ա㽫ԼһգǡôʱĹҲ˸֧࣬Ҳֲ˶ãοˮûȫɣʩչҲΪһչֻѹȥ
̧ͷٿǶ꽫ǺڲѪҲѹƻħ֮ڣŻԽԽ࣬ħԳ˱壬ֻһī͸Ѫ߳
ǰʲôǿʵˣ
Ҷ߶һ֮󣬱û뵽лش𣬲澹ȻҶЦЦҶˣ
û뵽жôҶ͵Ƿͨͨ𣿿ѾЩͨˡ˵пбּߵ桭ǲ֪ʲôϵ
ƶɮ붷սʤûʲôϵڵǸβ͵Ļë͸ϵˣ
Ҷʩһֽ͵ƶɮǹ̽Ҷ˼ֻʲҶŵ˼̫ǿңǳƶɮУҶ֣

ҶĻ˵ʲôֻ˵Լ˴ˣ˼̾ԼǸ˵ҲǿͿҶҲֻÿͿĻӦһֻĩ׷һҴܣĪǶĿ̽ģ
ܹ̽˵ģǷҲ֪һЩˣǺЦҡҡͷĪģǱҲþܿףοĵҶҲΪ˾ţ˸ղЩƶɮƲҶбĶ
˵ҶĲųһп֪еһܣôҪôɱҪôǶԶԶģ
ƺǲҶͻɱ⣬ֻɱֻһţЦŵ˵ͷ𷨣Լ˫ĿϣµִһҶġ
ҶĲЩʲôֻǾе֣һֱƬֻ̣ͻȻȵġףһ漴µ
ʱղвͬҶƺоһԼϲͣɨɨȥȻԼ˫ϡ
ʱ˫ۣöԷܿʲôȴһָоԼ˫۵Ѿ˷ˡ
ôһͷҶȻ˫ۣ˫ͫƿ͸һӵһĿһ̱ɫ
ӷ⡢⣡
һ仰˵Ҷͷԣ䣬ֻ潫һֱŵĳǹݸҶģǹԻӭǹʲôϺõķڿƾҩݻһЩĽʯԻƷǹ߲࣬ԴҲ࣬һƺıȽ磬ǲĳƷҶŵǿԽ£øԼµӣ
˵գָҶǶѾ˫ͫҶ˫߲ͫɣֿʹһۣҲд˸ԵҶŵǸ֮ˣ
Ҷô˵Ц˫̫ǿᣬҶĳԦס񶼲ˣ²С˭
ҡͷֹֻǵ˾䣺޺֮ģˣοֹɱ¾ֻҪҶִܱȱ֮Ŀ磬ʹҲ˲κˣ
ҶҲһЩ֪𲻽ˣԶಹ档ֻҪ̫̣ǵõɮܹʹ
ҶַǷҵӣȻֻõȴԼ㹻ˣƾ˫۳Ϊã֮ǰʵװϹӺˡ
ʱ֮ԣ׷ǿԡҶԿӵĴȱǼûа㹦Ҳ˲κˡһɱ˭˭
һҶȴûа֮飬ֻҪʵ̫̬ˣѲԼҲóȥУ
ҶĲ˵һΪ֮ɫ֪ΪʲôЩ˵һξ͹ˣ˵ͽᷳ㲻£Ҷдۣǽһ·
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û˵꣬ҶĺˣǽԩǱ˸ɢ
ǺЦЦ͵߲ԻǾ֮壬ҶҲõģ
Ҷ˻Ȼǰ֪оԹ֮ЧһʱȴûǰһֱΪǸνľǽ鶼ɵ֪ԭľǳȡ
Ȼ
ҶҪСģ򷽣ȫƾһģҶдɱôԩǰҲóȣᱻմ
ҶĹһһĭ񲢲ôסתһ룬ܹɹĻǾʹԼ˫ۣħֱרŸԼˢȵĵ߰
ôһ룬Ҷľ;࣬ƵһΣȻڴӦ˴¡
ɲҶĵһתôƣȻͨԣǲܿЩƤëˣεĶƲġ
ҶеЩСžûƳֻλҶŲѣĻȱǸ
ôһ룬Ҷ˵׽࣬µֽһЩԣ˵ЩҪħеЩԩЩҪע顣
ȵ½꣬ɫȻڣѩͻһֱһţҶǾʱʱһЩԼ֮
ЩˣƶɮҶаƶɮһ֮ЧҶŻָ֮ã
˵֮һоͳһ֣ԼĪһƴһȦһӲСбһƷǻƽ죬ٲȻһͼ
ֻôƣҶҲʲôǵԼս֮󣬾͸оϴɷһԼ壬;úԼھ͵Ҳһ𣬺滺˲١
ôƬ̣֪ⷨǲɶõĺöȴζ벻ףΪҪôãԻĶ͸Լ
ֻƶɮ˷ȥҪأҲãҪ֮ˣܷӦãϾֻһҶҲ̫أ
ô˵ˣҶҲپֻֽܾǷУһ֣һůľ㻺ԼľȻ˳ֱԼºƱˮһ㣬
뵽ԻȥҪأǲǼԲŵ˼Ī⿴ʮͷѾϵĲϵˣѾ׼һˣ
ֻΪ㽻ԼȴҶе벻ˣ
濪ڵ֪ҶŶ಻֮ƶɮ֮˵һҶպȻ֪ƶɮҶŽһˣ
˵ճҶĺͻ¡ѩֱʩתһ߳㲻Ӱõͨ
Ҷļˣвſʼ˼ͣΪҽĪΪԺиƹ
ȥȴǸͷԣθƹ
ͷӴķ֣漴ֿ˿Ѿ˽ƣѾѪڳ
յָУҶ漴ѩ˵һʦôȴǼѩҲü˼ͣԲôʡ
ûʲôȴѩȻһ𰸣ʲǺдʦֵʱзų⣬뵱ʦ˫ͫҵʱΪơ
ҶһһǰİˣмȻ÷ͨͨȻҲǻģ˵ͨƹȥδĪƼʲô
ԽԽˣ׼ΪԺԼԲȽԵ
ںԵıءĪ˷޵ԲŶָɮ˵һʼˡ


091 ɵӣ
ҶĽͷУֻΪҲ֪ʲôʱܻ飬ֻȶһԡ
ҺļǿҲתͰһɶҲΪս֮ĺôˣʲͣҲڲͣıá
Ȼûֱұ̺üٵǿļټϷḻ̶Ҳһİɣ
˫ǱħѪ񽣣ϥںߵҶĳ峺ˮ棬ԴȴȫǺص¡
ҪһƵħϵĽƣȻеԩ궼ȵģȴ˰պͷֱֻ㶵ķ
һʼʱҲǷſһЩ沼õĽƣųһЩ̺ԹĺȻ΢ųһ
ǺŻΪ˻ҽǸһ֪ǱԼˣеôңӦòǱˣ
˼Σһ޶֮Ҳʱͣ˶Ҫú˼һ̸Եġ
ֻǰĺˮ峺ףˮвȥǰǳԹ˵СʱҲܻ٣С¹ĸ׵ĴҶĵԱߺˮ
һ֧ӱŲ֪͵Ĺӣһ߿һ߿ҶģҶӾȻվš

ҶĴӼֶۣԷȻòµӣǵҶһˬӰҪӵľŵؿܲȥӦ飡
һ壬ವľûӰӣƬִӲݴͷ͵͵ҶģҶĻڿûӰӡ
Ӳǳɾ˰ɣ
Ѱ˼أԶͻȻһֻವĴ˳һ֧ʷʴİӣӵ۾ҶĻԼǲۻˣ񿴵X
أ
ںסҪ뿪ĻأҶĺʵӸʲô
ȻôʣȴǣȻ˵㣬氮˵㣬չ黹ǸŮӣЩɰСôȤ
ؿ˿ϵӣȻ˾䣺Ȼǳ԰ղǱ˰㣬һûץʲôأû뵽Լײˣ

ҶĺһѹԼǰô࣬鶼ǱظŹģʲŻΪЩرأεǸ𾢣ԭ
Ѱ˼ţֻĿͻȻתһֻںˮ¹һ֣֪һǼҪֻ¹һºݵġ
ӣҶαץסˣҲ£ֻʲһʵе㲻ԾܸоѾԣôԵЩŤԻصӷ˰ɣҴȥץЩԵ
ˣغҶΪʲôô˵ܲҶϲЩɰĶɣصԺͻȻһĻ棺Ҷ˫֣۾ȫСǣӰСè֮Ķ󺰣ÿɰ
һ񺮣
һ֮󣬻ؽӵݸҶģ㡭
ҶĽӽӹȻֶһԣܻһŹֵ뿪ֻԼ
ʱҶıĿŵҲǱħ͸Լķ֣ˣܹƻָĸһЩ
һҲ֪˶ãȵعʱɫѾˣҳԵĶ类ˡ
ɾҲаҹ֣֮Һҹռһ룬ҶĵٴҲûʲôʵĸо
ɾˣȻһоʢģȴ˾ѵȴ֪ɾʲôӡ
ϾʱҲĹ䣬֪ɾиɽвɽڿУ϶Ϊԭﵹǲ̫࣡
ɾеƺһЩҲɾ΢ˬһ㣬ƺʺͨ˾ס
ʱСеĻʵкܴģеС羿ʲôˡ
ס޸ʲôӲǶɹϺɹܲǺװɣ
ԽԽûô£Ȼɹ֤֮ǰ˾סģܾܿǵЩν
ȴ֪ЩûУ
ԣֻѾûӰӣǳ˽ѵ֮ҶġˡǺΣյһܵˣ
ҶһС£Ͼ˵û˾סֽӵĶΪûô˾Ͳ֪ˣ֮Ҳ￴㣬һһõץؼҳԵ˵˸ɵӵ
ղܵӣͨ飬ӦȥһԼͬɣһԺǳԲˣ
˼ˣҶͽ鶪һԣͺͻʱʱͻץֻӻԼĵûܳ档
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οһĶ㲻ˣŪһľݼֱ׾١
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˵⼸գǾæŪţ
ѩ˵ͷǰʦ־ⷿΣ
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һͨ׵Ļ˵ǣŮǺܴͳŮˣǳͳ֣
ι·ӣҶĵҲõĲˣ˶Ҷڻָ˽ҲеˣɽȷҲɽ鷳ҲһֱѹͷϵĴʯ˵ء
⼸ҶûбܻЩ飬µ⼸Ƚ׽˵ˣǶɽɵĴΪ֪˾ƣһ벻ǲŽõҶĵϿɡ
Ҷǰ⼸λ˹׾Ͳ˵ˣѾ꣬»ص翪ʼ˾͸Լߡ˶ܹľֻԼʦʦȼˡ
ףһȻǻģ鲢⼸ҶĳˣҲָһҽնڸ
ն޿ֱȭŶã̶ΪնʽԷӳǿնȽֱֱȥҲһӣҲǱȽϿ٣⼸չ⾰ͽһ׹˸ţֻҪ֮ԵУҪϰһʱա
Ϊ˹ԵʣҲߵĽĿʹȥĹҲѾ㲻ǳˣп˹ӦЩһҲκβ˿ֻҶĲÿܹʲô̶ȣŮܷ˳춷ϡ
֮⣬֣ӢǻԼĹҲȥǱߵˣҶСƵĻᣬֻѾͷȽϱߣٲȻһѲ۾˾˲ģ֯ǱΪݵԭҶҲе㲻ϲµ˼
Ҷڽ̵ʱûпҲһ˼ĸҶߺˡ
ȻٲҲѩһͨɣȴҶãɾҲûˣҸźģȨ˸Ѿ߾ǣ
ѩһҷɣֲʲôǧҪ𣿡һɣҲǸոտװĳҺֱ̳˸ʵ
⼸ˣǹ»ԼӱԸŮ»ҲԼϰһϧϷڹү⼸ԽĲˣҶҲȥƹֹطҲǵʲôֻȻϻܲͣ˥ˣ޷ΣǸһĹҲȥ
ŮΪûһɾУʱڼŹطˣطʱ޶࣬úһҲǾһ⡣
ΪЩ飬ҶĽĸоԼͨԽԽĲԼУ˿ʵ̫֮⣬˶µʴ׺Ϳ˹Լӽʮ꣬ҲѾʮˣòɻǵǰ㣬仯ǳС
˹Ϊɺ춷ûʲô仯ҶĹҪˣܻһδ嶼ָ׳һ
Ȼ仯Ƚϴ󣬲Ůһ֣ǲǺϣһʱᵹҲصԼͻȻ̫š
ɾԪΪԣֻҲȽˣһʱ֮ڼֳ֮
չͷЩķǳڿ죬ǰ˸ӿֲ
֣ӢͲ˵ˣ᱾һĽС䣬ԵСûʲô仯֣ӢǸ࣬ҶΪҪͻ˾֮󣬿ָܻӡ
ÿտЩ仯ҶĽ׹Լʱ׽նϵˣյĿЩϤȥԼȴһֱûʲô仯ôԼǶԷ
Լڵ಼ѾӦԼҪľǽȫעתƵ統ֻе£ʵ׼ԼӦȥʲô
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ĿתϣȴŮ˾ȻҲҡͷǿˮҾҪɣЩҲ׼ߣѰˮԣ֮غúñչһأ
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Ŀתϣ͵󶼻ûĴ߹ʦһ˰ɣȻתͷԻصҲһɣ
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˵˵ȥҲ׼ȥֻʣҶĺ͡
٣ʦֵܳɾһ˸Щӹ̫ˣӹǶˣóλʦһȥתת
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ӦǶɹܿ϶澿û壬УԼδçײײȥɵ˿ɾ̫ˣԻȥȽϰȫĵط㡣
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ȴһƣ˭뵽ܳĺܲƵأôŵİܲ
Ҷ˵䣬漴˹Щɱˣȴͷ͵һѣҲǾͼÿһ£ЩֱԵڵء
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092 ɹ
ҶͷĿѣֻԼڶͻȻ÷ǳǰһƬڣʱĪ˵ʲôˣ˫ҲһʲôƲ
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Ȼں޷£Ҽûκε׼Уʲôô
Ҷһʱ벻ͨ͸ֻóһһ䣺ȶߣҿ˰㣡
ʵҶĳ쳣ʱ;ѾӦǽҶһˤڵأסҶΣֻ⽣ȫֻ֮⽣Ͻâ߳ĳ˲͵һӣһȺ߳ʿǱֲʽȵһͣȴûһ˸ԳһǾ޴󳤽
ͼһе֣ҲսһקҶ𽣹̳գȻƾԼǿıйâһȵֳһֺĳɫâʱ˵ѾֻʣһС㡣
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ҶıѾ˯仰Ȼһ±ˣǸͲܲòãôҲǴҳҪôûʶ
ҳĲŲʶܲأûʶǶʲôͻشдʣһӦģҶĺһȻʦ˵Ǹܲʲô
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ĺ͸ܲƵأƲƲʾţֻǸԽԽԵĻȸнɢзͬʱĴߣͷԼжܵӰ죬ֿɫʦ֣ҪѰһطϷһ²У
ʱǹϳһţԭڵĺҲͻȻȻʱңڵͿ಻ԡ
ҶһٷУȻǵ˼ޣٲЩ취̾͵ȥȻĿǰǿȣˤҲˤ˭ҲԸһּ׹ȻһĸһܵĽӴ
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ҶȴҶĲԲ˾ȻȻڱڣٶҲԽԽʶƺҪʧȥȥǻûüܻɾԼʦ־ˡ
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Ƶٲɣһ̴Ҷһͷȥн⻤壬Ȼ⺣ˮҽ⽫ˮƿ˳մϽҲеãԼǳҲ¡
ֻûϵǣһԼʦֵؿͻȻһ΢ââǿͣȴѹԼĽ⣬һͺǾƬ֮ʦľݶҶֻ˾ݶһãݶϵһЩɾȴûϸ˵ǶǴӾݶġ
ʱݶӦ̾ĳɾϵæҲ˲üǰҶļһҡʦ֣ѣ
˵̧ȴҶѾ۾æˣ򣡡
ֻһ仰˵꣬ⲻǾ÷ǳȴʲź˲٣ԴӾݶ˷Ӧ֮Լ֪ͽĻָ˹˳ɻⶦְԼһΡ
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ҶĺͿɲ֪Ѿ˵ǺоˣʱѾǰľ󾪵Ĵסˡ
һֺĹǰ֮ǰԵôСֻţͿĳνĶɹжôĺΰ
ҶţͻȻԼϵ״ƺʧԼһⶫɹ֮ӰԼʧˣвӿռй
ѹɾôӶû״ԭôԵɣ
תͷ˿ֻͣɫԽӲ԰ףҶڹͺһģһȥͽڵ˳
ʱע⵽Լʦκּ˴ˣҲ֪ʲô˲ΣȻͳͺǰŵرܱȣȴҲǲɶõĴ֮ܹȽ˲ξȴֿöࡣ
Ҫǣ˲ξҪº࣬ʲæֻҪ΢һ£Բģҵ΢ͨ˳֮˲ξͿδһʱİ
ͬʱ˲ξȻȣȴǺų⣬һƺںϵҲ֪᲻ʲôµı仯
Ҳ˵ϾЩҪȥ̸ֻһ̽һ֪̾ˡ
͵ĸԵҶѾϰˣѾֵ˽ԼʦǸʲô򵥵˵ְθܲУǸܲҲܱԳ˲εЧ
˵ϢƬ̣Ѿָ֮ʵǽȥ鿴һǾʹȥ
ǵó֮ǰʦ־˵ǶɹϺɹŪþϹľҲ֪ûҴ׼һЩ鷳
˲СĴ˽Ҳ֪ҪҪȥ
ֻҶһԾԾԵĿ⣬ʦ˼ˣҲ˳ڽȥȻˣȥˣ
ҪǣûʲôںȻԲ¶вؾЩҪСһǡñϹèײӳ˺УȻⶫɹĽˡ
Īɣ
ȥܵɻɣֻǲ֪ʲôţңҶͻȻǱӾʿҲĪģͻȻ͵˻Ե״̬һֱҲûѹĪǾһУ
ϧ޷ȷҶҲǲ²ˣֻȽ·ŵһԣȻרĴⶫɹ
ɹųƼɾ֮һȻǱѰɹƽˮУҶķɹΧް㺣ˮԶĵطƺȫǺˮȴûаӿһ޴ݽɹסһɹͺˮ˿
Ҷķ֣ĸͲʲôˮȻź񣬵ʵЩ纣ˮĶȫŨԣĳ̶˸е£ЩǳԵûһıϣⶫɹ˲ͻᱻЩȥҳ಻ʣ¡
ˣڵҶģҲȥе뷨ΪܸоĵԼҪôˣôһʱڴʧƬ㲻棡
ĿջأҶ¿޴ĹоŵŨĻƺɾҪãˮһЩǻƻܿģǿˮֵطȻ°빦
ǰߣ߹ţһ޴Ĺ㳡ܺҺܴҶĺһҲ̳̾Ҳư磬ֺ
˼Ļʹɹֶ˼ֳҶľζ˵㣨ˮĵ̺װ̫ࣩȴҲòһ㡣
Ͼ˵ľ
ƣȻΰȴҲûʲôֵùעĶ׼ĵط
뿪Ǵ˺һһֱߵ˺棬ҶͻȻסԼʦܣȵȣ˹ˣ
ʱѾ½˫۱ϣ۹磬ȻĿ֮ûаӰӣȴܹˡ
ҲʦֵĹԼǿйҲҲվһԾš
ԼĪСʱȴ˳֣Ҷ֣˶ߵǰֻҪһվܼͣǰˣĪɵ
뿪ڣȴ϶ͻȻޣܹܲͷһѣͷӸղߵļˣˣ

Ҷĺǰ˼תս֮Ϳһ׷ԲԣõͷŹչǽվﶯҲˣҲֻǽӲĳЦЦʹˣӹǲʱˡ
˵껹˿ҶĺͣһĽð
ҶһȴҲоͷӦǸͦദˣ˹ȥ׼һ
ȴͷԼǸмĪҪˣǸұǣȴǼҶһֱ˫ֻۣǸϹӡ
ҶĿЦһҲû˵ʲô߹ȥˣͷϰ֮תӣȻָָԶһ䣺ͷҾסһȥˣ
ͷ治
ͷһ·ϰϰ֮ڶ·ҲһСһСǰ䣨ӵð㣩ⲢԶһ·һʱڼͺҶҲûԹ䣬ǳãҽʹȻ
ҶԼСʱһ¥һλҲ㣬ÿճɢôţֻСԺһȦ߰죬Ҳ˼ʲôԡοƺе㲻Ծ
ȵͻУȻ֮Ҷĺ˱˵ʾ˶棬ͼ˼ҽԼαһȻղŻôǰһչһӣЦĵ޲ͦԣͷҶ߷ˣȴûԹ䡭
ԣҶֻǰһȻȻ¶һʧɫ
ףͷһҶĵı飬ͻȻޣô飿
ȴҶĵ˼ңҪƷҲûʲôֻǻô̫ⷨʱ˰ɣ
ǷԴж˵ƷԡⶼǶǰ·ˣУž2012ˣв
ͷһ㶣漴Ц˼ܺƢղôûƳأ漴Цһʵ˼ǣͿͷڹ̽ǣ
ҶѪŻع
ôһɹֻүһˣȽŲãôõģ
һ仰ǣⶫɹΪɾ֮һôܻһͨͨͷס


093 ͷ߼
ͷ˿ҶģܿջĿ⣬ȻղҶĵĻе˼Ҳֹڴˡ
ͷɺֵĽע͵ϣµƸû꣬Ҷ̲ס뵽ͷĪǷȺã
һձĸоΪͷĿʵֱ̫ӣôĿŵĲͣʱʱһף֮ľ̾
ð
ͺҶʶ̫ãܶͷѧ˹ʱ޲ָͷӵıƿڴֻҪ;ԼƱһ˵ָоҶ
ֻ޶ȵģͼҶĶ׼ֵʱͷջԼĿ⣬Ȼһ˶Ļ
ǸͦƯޣЩ飡
仰һֺƱϵĿֲоɢͳһͬʱҲһͣ
ͷȴ⣬ֻһ£ԭͿǳߣ
ߣ
Ҷĺ;һ㶣˾ͷԵͷһ䡰ԭ͡Ƕ˶еŪһʾʲô˼
ͷ˾һ㶣ȴǱʵСļɵľȣȫͷԵֱ飺ףѵͷۣ
һŵģֻҡͷ죺ܰͷȻСҲͿʼͿϲۣ
ȥֻԼ˷򣬽һ䣺Īǡǲ֪ʲôǳߣ
ƫʱҶԴһȴɽһѶѵĺˣʵĪһ־кɫϸߵСߣ
ͷԴϲæͷǴߣǶǳ̣ĳߴڣףҲŸոճɰˣ
Ҷһզ࣬뵽Ҫ˼˵ĻҪ󼸱Ҳˡ
ôͷû´ɣ
ȴǼҶܹ˵ֻ˲֪֮ʲŲŻһԻӣ˵ףǸ͵Ӧû˰ɣ
ȴҡҡͷǲǰ֮ԣ
һͷûôƶˣֻǾֵ˺üۣȷһ䣺ô˵㲻˵ޣ
ҡҡͷǵصصˣûëǮϵ
ȴҶи̣еģֻҪ㻻Ů·ͿԳΪ˵ϲּˣ
ʱͷվߵǰȥֻ죺ܰôۣǡ˵ͨ
ȥȥҶĺҲ廰ֻǿͷȥ͵һͣ٣һȻʵ㣬ǷԹʲôߣ
룺ǺȹǺŶǳѪ
˶٣
ʵҲԼ˶٣ֻýĿתҶΪʱʶѣҶȴ
˱һ֮⣬ʣµĶʦܸ¶ˣ
Ҷĵʱ˼ҲĿתҶϣʱⷬų̾һԭˣѹһϸоһ˿ͬζȴԣ
ͷұΪ㽫˻֮㹻տڲصĺܺأȻԵɣ
ͬ壿Ҷһ仰׹ǰͷȻˡ룬ⶫɹǰҲˣиͷסҲ㲻ϡ档ֻҶľȵ˼ҵԭ;Ȼߣ
ѹָտʼԼ͵ʱ򣬻ܾԼͷҪУһܵͬ壬ָһ˼ˡ
ͷȥ֮󣬺ٺһЦͷܣ֮Լ˸ֻԽΪպԽǵżֻϧͷôãʼ޷ɽ綼ȥãֻټɹ
һҶĺͶһԭԽȻǧ꣬ɷû뿪ʱѾгˣʶǰסɹе
ǴǰˣǰҲֻСƨѹһԼΪͬʱҲҿڻԼСޡǰû޵ġ
Ҳ˵һӴ˵ĸˣֻһ־Ȼɹ⡭
ƺ֪ҶʲôԽ͵ȥǰɽ֮ʱΪܵ΢޷ͬǰ㱻´ΪɹͬʱҲǸһ徻֮ˣǶνģ
Ȼ˵龰ֻɹǳױ˵ɾͬɹרͨͨģͨƽﶼرţֻԽҪȥɢɢĵʱŻῪ
ͨζϵҲⲻ˻Щⷢ⼸ǧҲһЩ󴳽ľֻʿԽʼʱҲдЩ˸ͼı죬ȫɵˣ
ֻԲԲûһҶĺͽʱͶּ֣ͬϢҪ̽һ
ȻһᣬȴҲƺǻˣҲûɱ˺ñסɹܵ˼
Խ⣬ҶͶһ֮󣬱ֻͲСĳ˳ɵһ˲κ󱻳׷ɱȻ˽ġ
˲ΣʲôӵģԽҲͦ棬ʲô˲λôԹ
ȴһмĵ͸ܲƵأұΪ˭ֵܲԾ˳ְγˣȴû뵽鷳
Խ˵ͷӦǳֻϧûȫɡҲܳһ֧ҰĳͨĲҲӦǳιģ
ôһ˵ҶԼΪγɻǰ㲻ģԼĲ˸ˣ˭ҲաҶ룬ǳɺôҲɣȷԼдȣȳȥ֮󻹵ȥǸһʲôĶ
Ѱ˼ȴԽʵҹΪǲף㵱ʱޱǲҩסҲûл֮ɣĪûȥ⾰ǳɱǿʢˣ
ҶȴֻһЦֻõǰ֪ʱƺ˰㣬ֻá漴Լһһ⻹˼̵ζ
ȴ뵽ԽȻ˼ǧ꣬ɷһЩԼ˽ⲻԼûͷأǰҲһ취ܴ֪ԼʲôҲҪһЩӦԵķš
ϸ˵꣬ȴԽһص˫ͫ͵һ䣬һ߰ϸͫУиӳ
Ҷλǰһۼ۾£ΪһЩϰԭһô϶޷סΡԽֻ仯ڼСķΧڣѾеĶˣٽһôҪ֮ɾ֮ʹʲôţҲɱסԼ岻䡣
ֻԽһͻȻ͵ĵһ־һ£߶һԣȥȴ벻𰸣˹üͷѰ˼ͣҲ˵
Ҷһǰ֪ǰƳʲô
ԽγһعȻεĵĳ񣡡
ΧҶһƣһԣĪҪйҪ÷̽һ
ӻһͣȴͳһСȻһͣȡһСֽƬٴԱóֽʣһ㻽ʲô֣
Ҷģ
һ꣬ͼԽֽƬдҶ֣ǲһҽУдʡΪ̫죬䷢ȺʮԣҶĻͶûԽЩʲô
ȵԽ꣬ҶľȵķеĲ˺Ʊսһͣήұڣҳɢ
⡭
㾰Խڿ϶жϣҶĵ޵ʲôˣȻǵñⷨԸ㣿
Ǻη
ԽɫҲǼΪѿѾտҲ˫ƣҶĵҲǸ󣬹ؼʱ̶ɹ֮Уɹ󷨣ǷȻԵǿᣬֻҪȴҲ㲻áһ뿪˴
ԭҶĲ²ⶫɹԲźԼɣȴû뵽һԵɡ
ֻǡ
ʲô
Խ˵Ŀ£Ҳе㵣ģŷʵ˷ģ˵ӰӾͼȻСͶˡɵԷҲѰ˲а
ֻԽͷӻŻʹŷȷǴɣֻûӦķϣͬʱҲǺ㼰ʱ˽űסһС
ҶĿˣʲô
ףԽһ֣û˵ô
Ҷд㶼ǧˣͱв
Խ³˼ҶҲǻһµ֣˶ͷ߼飡
ͷ߼飡
ǷһBUGɱҲǷΪBUGڵ½ѹˡ
ȻֻһС˵еķҶѾ֪νķ֮սȷʵڵģС˵Ǽǰĳһ;ûʲôǰ;ʿ֮½ʷдǲ֮кܶʵڣޣǺͬˡ
ⶤͷ߼飬ԭʲôоʲôΪ½ѹɱ֮һ޽ĴڣҶȻҲá
ܰɣ˶ͷ߼飬Ѿô
ͷ߼ԵͰԵǰ׼ʱȵԷ׼ʼʹŵʱҲˡ
ҶľԼȻ˷ӦǶԷ˳ѾǰڵĹֻҪȡԼͺˣλܱס
Խ˵ԷûӦıϡƾԭ涤ͷ߼飻һǲȱ桪Щȫűס
գôģף
ԽҲõģǶͷ߼飬ͷҵûʲô취ȱģҪԸвֶεģ
ֻǻ˵ͻȻһתͷƺûҪɣ
⻰˵ĵҲûҶķ׷ǹʵģҪϸŰֲרŶ׵Ⱥע֮ˡүүǡ
ʲͻеУҶıûʲô۸У̽һȴԾеų⣬ȻΪʲôͷҲȥ̽ѰԵɡ
Ҷָָͣʵʦܱǳߣ
ͣ
Խ
ҶĶ˶٣иͷ꣬ǧ߾
ͣ
Խûߴ𣿡
ҶĺٺһЦҲͲ˵ˣֻԽӵ۵ĵҾΣͷͬ壬ȴǣ
ȻָָͣСǷͷӻȤ뷨ӣ
ִһͻȻˣ۾ô£
Ȼʵĺ⣬ҶȴоԽ⻰ʱֵķǳӣȴ֪ʲԽ鿴ʱֻҶüĺ˫͸¶һȻӡеȽϷеķ֮ͨ
Ҷ֪Լ˴ԵԼ˫۾ǻƵѪǰֻöһ˫۵ڶһƣȴûϵ鷳
ȻƳԽԼ˫ۺ⣬ɺĻشһͨĿǰûյס
Խ˵ͷ׹Լ޵ų˳۾Ļ
ͻȻ˵˾䣺ʵҲǲܰ㣬ð飡
Ҷļת㿪֪ʲô£


094 
˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳ򵥣Խûֱ˵˹ӣҶĸеǣͷ˵⻰ʱƺԵеΡ
ҶĲԣֻԽش𣬿ͷȴ뵽ʲôĵһֻŲ
ְ˺һᣬһֱҶľе㲻ͷˣͷҲûпڡԽԼȽУʵǰʾ
Խ룬Ҳôش𣬱ߵ䵱Уһ۵ͰȻǿڵתŵһ˦
ҶĺԽʲôȴһС߱˦˳Ȼžһˤ˵ϡ
ţ
˲ԾһɣﾹȻһߣԽĳͬ壡ľԭʹ
ţ߰ͷȻһҡΣǸղˤһԴеԺҡҡλεĵ˾úȤ
СתͷһԵԽȻ³ԣҳǲȥƶֻһŮӡ
һ֮£ͻȻյҶĶֹһһߣ
Ҷע⵽Сͨѩף̾Īͷˣ
ʦĪҪ˵֣˵죬ֲ
ǰߴĹ£ҲΪȡЦֵķƣҪǵӾһ飬Ȼܷ߿ıʾȻȣ
ȴǼɺţе㵨С£˲ϲԼᲢֻۣ衣
ߣкøеġֻû뵽ԼʦԼЦƫƫһ߾
ƫڴʱСߺƲʲôƵض˵ǱͨѩףΪһߣʵֻͨСߣƤǱ˸Ⱦġ

Խһ飬㱼ϵӺֶ˲٣ֻǶСߵĻȴûԣֻǵһϲ⸱ôпڳԳ
Сһ䣺ұ˯ĺúõģǵýҶ
һ˵⻰һҡӣ׹彥󣬽һҫĿ⻪֮һɫȹŮӾͳ˼ǰ
ҶĺȻ֪Сǳ˾֣ۿһ첲΢ָһС߱һŮ治һʱܹ˵ġ
Խȴ˵ķӦֻǵһЩ¼ȤյŮСףλ񣡡
С׵ŮһƣȴΪԽԼĳƺΣֻҲûзأֻʵʵĳҶĺʩȻƺǹһԼֱ˳⽫ҧرأСŮӰףأ꣡λѣ
סءꣿ
һɵ㶣°һĪλŮӾǴ˵еǧ߾
ֻķӦ֪ΪξȣԳưŮֱӵСŮӿɲǴ˵еλܣֻһ˼СˣֻΪ˵ŻԽǱƳһ£˼ȻԶ
ʱԽ֪ԼһˮϡĺţŮĻҲֻûֻεɫȴԽˡ
ϣԭͬ˰
ҶһˣԽҲмģԼȥץԵСߴȻǡ˰ߴĹ£ͽС߸˸֣⽫ƤŪͨѩף÷ϡ趨
ȻҲпͷ֮Ǹ£Ȼôһ˼ȥһС
ΪʵҶЩЩΪƣԼĶһ˼ǰԼŮ˸ȻҲǺġ
Ϳ˿Խֿ˿Լʦ֣Ը̾һĪΪǰ־ͱЩȤζΪԼʦˣǸոʶǰҲˡ
⵽ƺжˣԽֻǵͷȲ裬ҶػشǡꡯŮòʶǼѣǶǾǻŮǶŴҲǿĻˮ
ֻӣеİ޶£ֻǸղ˵ȴãԸԭĲͦġе񵱳͵ʱİӡ
˵ǰͲλͬܣ
е棬ԼôͽһЩ˶С˵еʲôɽկԭ¾Ʋܷ
ȻǰʶҲûʲôϾҲֻǴ˵еڡ˭֪ǰǲĴڡ
ȴԽΪȻЦǰ겻鹹ȷˣ
Ҷ֪ߴĹµȷǴ˵н˺ܶɼе鲻ͬѹԽôµˡԭеİŮϵ˵˾ͷˡ
ԽȻվãһЩϵȴҲﲻ̴ܣȻôˣǶȻǰĵȷȷĲڡ
뵽ҲͲϾˣǺԽҪԼЩʲô飬⽫껽ĪŮйأ
ȻҶĻûʣԽ飬ŮЩϵ֪λԸⲻԸæˣ
ʲôæ
ֻͷֲ֪ͳһ˺Ȼϻ𣬰રવĳڣŪѬǵŵ˽δⶫɹҲԵ֣ͷӾͺ˵һ˵ɹ飡
һ£ְں̣ǵðһգſ̴һ£ֻһ彫Щ̾ɢˣɢҶܰ㡣
ȴ˭ܵ˵ģҶֻ΢һţ̾ͷ̺ŲСĶأ˶Ѱˣ΢˲ˣ˵Ҳһˡ
ͷԼеḷֱ́һ֣̾ȻûˣҵζҲ鲻̵ζֻܵһԼĸŮȻ̴
һЦݣͺͶɹСŮһ޶ӣŮƱԽɹһֱûгȥ߶
ⶫɹλѾˣ֮⣬һϺɹϺĹ뿪˽ʱϺɹҲһˣ
ֻǺͷһڶɹпش㣬ϺҲӦһϺɹֻǡ
Ҷ֪ͷϷˣֻͷҪƲ滹ܣ㾲ȴġ
ϺɹյĺǸɴ࣬ÿʮһ̶ʱ⣬˭ҲãͷҲΪҪȥտϺɹֻ׼Ȼǰȥȴɹһ̽ȥ鿴Ȼɹرǰ뿪
˹ǧ꣬ͷӾȥʵˣŮҲǳˣͷӣԡ
ҶԽ˼ˣǰ˼ҪȥƹϺɹƺûʲôϵɣĪϺɹʲô⣿
أȻԽ͵ҵȷôģֻǰȥ鿴ʱŷ֣ϺɹȻռˣ
Ҷһ㶣漴е֣Խ˵ϺɹѾ׷𣿶ԽÿȥǰȵɹҲ˵ҪɹĵռϺɹԶ㲻Խע⡣
ĻƺڹرյʱϺɹռˣȥ鿴ʱŻᾪȵķ־Ȼˣ
ֻԽʵɹռҲνϾãһЩԵʿõǰĶ顣ͷұҲûôԵѰˣͷҲȥܣǸŮȻòϺɹⶫɹ󣬶סһҲ޷
ҶҲãԽҪðƹϺɹΪԼĸŮȥ̰ͼʲôɹԣ֮ġϾټĶɹֻУôҲص⡣
ˣûϺɹҲνԽֵ⣬ΪΣ
ϺɹȴǱһʿռݣһͷǽܲ˵ģ
ҶĻȻ򣬸ϺɹеˣȻһȺˣѹ߽ܲˡû뵽ǣԽȻôﰡ
Ѱ˼ţֻԽһĿҶģҪæϺɹŮɣұӦǶͷ߼飡
ƺΪ˼룬ҶĴӦԽֱˣûӦͷԸȥһ⣬öͷ߼֮ɱٵõĲƪñ
˵ϣҶȻ᲻Ӧ˸ѧζԸǶͷ߼飬ԺƵķԼһҪԿ
׻˵ĺãն಻ѹʱҶľ仰ʵ̫ˡ
ֻǣȥϺɹһóȥаɣ
ֻԽͳһ۵õķݸҶģ˷ϣɱ£ǾΪˣ
Ҷ֪ⶫһʱıӻ֮ǳõӦ֮ߣԽԼҲ֪ԼԲֶ뿪ֻԽ֪ҶǱ߻һɾ᲻ô϶Լ
˶ҶͻȻʲôƵʵûˣǰǲǾҪԳˣ
ԽǺһЦûײˣͷҾҪһ⣬ȺͨͨɱɾʡĿ̣Щö
ҶĿЦһ£ҲԼ˸ţˣԽ㽫鶪ԼȥԼҲУģ㶼еôˣදΣƣ
ô룬ȴʵˣЩ֮˾νϺɹеģ
ղžں棬Ϻɹֻй̶ӿԽôȺνȥģ
ֻԽͷҲͦ棬Ź۲ΪϺɹһЩƺˣһƳ˱һӣԲŽЩײ֮ײ˽ȥ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾףڶԷЩȴûʣ˰˳ҲǰʣϾͷǶģĻʲô𣿻߾֪ҲҶģ˼ҾҪҶĶ鷳鷳Ըְʲô˵ˣֻʣ򵥵ˣ
Խ̴ֽ˳ȴûеȼǶ԰һͬȥһǴ·ȺһˣֱӾϺɹס¾ǣ
ʱȴû֣ǵ˵ͷ漴ҶĻ͵һ룬ֱŶȥˡ
ͺҶҲûж˵ʲôֻǸŰ뿪Ҷȴһ˲򣺡ͷʲôԼ
ȴ֪ȵԶԽ̴ֽպãȻվԼӣתת֮һصڡ
һСˮвûСȵĳˮԽ任ͣѾôˣ⻯еˮǲ
ԭСǻأоܵڡһͬȥʱ򣬶˽Խһ䣺ǻǱصأֻҪнʮգȡоɽһЩˮ廯壡ֻˮݽߣȴ֪²ܻ۳һˮɹУһߵȴˮȵʱԻɽѰң
ԽһֱǵȴˮֻǺ˰Ů̶һУΪȡˮоôˮͻ¿ݽߣҪȴ֪ˡǱ㽫ͷϺɹСȻرϺɹҲӦеİɡ


095 Ϻɹ
ص飬Խǲ׼ҶĵģϾҶĵĽ黹ûǸ̶ȡ
ǿǵֻˮܹʹãҲὫϺɹ齻ҶȥϾҲǶһ˿¶ܵΣղǣ
ΪҶľ㷢˻أǳӶҲûа棬ԽŻĴ󵨵ҶȥԸȺˣԼ֡
ˮеľԽε̾һ㣬뻹Ҫʮ⾰ǿʹá⻹ΪվãѾ޽ӽβſͨ˻ȥΣ
ԽԭϣͷѾгǵƣצôˡ
Ȼи֣ȴҲ㲻壬ҪΪ壬ѵѡ
֪ϺɹеĻʲôģˣ
һ뵽ȺɹУҲѾǻأǲ֪ȥԴǻء
ʵһʼԽû뽫Ⱥɱ⣬ʱǱźƽ͵̬ȥԷӴġԼ޷Ⱥ̸һЩ˶Լ൱ĵ⡣
ԽҪ˵Ļ˻ȥȻ뿪ͿʼϺɹһ飡ͬʱʱҲûţһֱ뷽跨Ĳ̽Щ˵ʵȺ˵ʵǲҲܹ죬ԼҪӲƴʹܹɱ⣬Ҳٲúķһֽš
ƫԼ׼ŬһܲƾĹɱΪǰʵ˷ԼĹҶĳ֮뽫ƸҶȥ
ҶܲɣⲻǵˣҶıԷɵˣ˵ʵҲܸЩɾ޴ɱˣԼٳҲɲ١
ҶĳɹˣҲһѣһȱȫĶͷ߼飬вٰ취ȥԸġΨһǾʲôˣȻʹöͷ߼ַ
Խ֪ĵطһҵС
һǰһᣬͬʱưڲԶĲˣҶĶԼͷԼµŵĵƻ͸¶һֹ졣
ҶģۿžͿԽǰɢʱֶɾУȴ֪´γʲôʱˣ
߶ţȴǰͻȻų΢âǲҲƻһȻһںĸо
͵һ㶣漴ϲȴѰ·ˣ
˵Ż󷨾иͣÿһοھգ漴Ͷǲ˵ͷ°ݡ
һ̧֮ǲ˶򡣰˵һ֮ϹâͻȻҼ֣Ҳ͵һ󶶶ֻҪʮΣǾʹ˵ĻǾɢˣ֮Ҳɲģ
ʱˣ˾ͻȥǰЩӳɹƾɵɵıӾʿͶԼŷޱȵġ
ǣ΢΢һ֮Ȼ͵ȥͬʱǲҲûʲôӦղʲôӣʱʲôͺһƽվƵأûκεı仯
ף˼аһ֣ĪҶѰ˿ƴķţ
תһ룬ֻֿʵ̫СοҶпƴķţôǰҲڻᱻԼôŪЩɢ
Īʲ˲
ԽԽˣϾ˷õһбкܶݶȱʧˣԼֻƾһ¼ǿָ˴㲻Ķͷ߼顪Ҷͷ߼õǱᣬҲԼǰһԼƷɱȵġ
ô⣬ЩҲ⣬½һȻϵĳۣŴʼĵطʩչ
ȵһ֮󣬼̧ͷˣֲûб仯ʲôʲôһʶҶѰӦ֮
ʱҶģȴǷУͻȻһʲͻȻ̣Īʲô仯
˵ţֻеķƱһһ㣬ƵۣԼӦ̽УЩͰѶ
ֻǰʹˮŵİͷ뺦ʩչڰֵŷԲŻޱȣ
ҶҲô²ģŲҽºҪĶ̴һҲŲ֡
ˣȻҪȽǰ֮˳ˣʦ־ûʲôˣ
ҶĺٺһЦʲôˣ޷Ǿôˣ
һЩеһЩħʿҶľȺħʿɵԼԸѡֱӳԼһֻܱϸɵԼͬʱҪĶߡ
ΨһҪıԼȴжزز¶ģǾֻЩˣɵĿ
ҶĹԼɱ˱ѪѾɵ֪ĳ̶ֳ˵ѾΪˡϾҶĸɵɺòһ塣
ұѪ湦ףоħѪ֣ʵֵսôҶĳȥκ˶øģתͷ°кԼҲܷϳ
ֻЩ˽˵˵УڵʱǱ̸ĺá˭֪ǲʲôϵ
һСɽгȻĳץסҪ˳ԵǡñɵСͯ£ԶмøУͨ籨Ÿɣֿ߰ӺԼ޶ûطȥ
ȻֱȽԵһ㶼ڷɴBOSSϣƫƫҶķԼԴ֮ϾͺƶһBOSSģ壬ߵĶ˵ɻᱬƷװĹԸ˵Ҳû֪ϴŵľݶأǿɲǼƷװô
ȦȦģֶ˶üûȺʵȥ𣿻ΪΪʳ
һţһ߽Ѿкһûٷ̵ĻҶѰ˼ΪãԷûЧʱˡΪʱĴۻöԷ׷ǿķԼΣղûн
պãҶĸڰ󣬼Ů˵ŤŤ۾ˣһ治Ťģʶʲô޹ˡ
ȴûʲôԾֻǰ濪·һֱƬƺҶעŻعʵôˣ
ûʲô
ȴǷ۾бһԼʦֻ֣㶼޲ý˫ƵĸϸһЩˣ˵ûʲô
Ҳû룬ֻŶһת·Ҳ֪˶òͻȻָͣǰһƽƽʯͷϺɹˣֻҪվʯͷϣȻһЩͿԽȥˡ
ŰվʯͷϣҶͻȻ֥鿪Űɣ
ȴԼһڣֻΧȻһ䣬ȴѾٱˮƣǰԶһ޴Ĺ
ȥ֥鿪ţ
ҶͻȻãôѪĿϺɹֱű˸󴳽Ѿޱ˵ˡ
ıеɬеΣҶĽʵǰЩĵģ
Ϊʲôĳһ
գգۣһǳ޹ӣΪüǰ

ҶĺһֻܲͣԼǰ꣬ǰꡭԼгױ
ҶĵļȻָѾ߳һξ룬ͷյİ꣺ʦ֣ǹȥɣ
ҶҪӦɫȴȻһ䣬ǰһƣԼҲһԾ
ֻζȻֿڷֿһ˲䣬ʲ˴ŵĵطȻ͵ĳһɫĻ棬ڰȼһ֮䵽ϣµϾʯ飬һһЩˮݣȴҲ޷ֹɫȼգһ̵졣
ͼ״̽⽣ϣȻһƣͼǱ߾ȻվˣҲ֪ʲôʱðġ
ϵͨ׽統еûʲôΨһĲ˫ͫȻǺɫͫףڼ仹кɫĻơ
ʦСģҪ˫۾ֱӣ
ȥͼһ˽ĿתûʲôһϮóǰһֻ͵ȼǰһ޶ĺɫ棬ڻ̾ͽһԡ
ÿӦ٣ֻҪƬ̣Ǻɫͻյˡ
аһðԵ죬ҾȻʦһ㣬Ϳյ
Ѱ˼ͬʱȴṦƣ֮־෨ţٶȸӿ£ʱṦֻ춼Ӱӣ˷ֲĸĸӰ
һ֮ҲǴʧɫһ˸Ǿеÿ죡
˫֮һ۾Աĳ٣ԼֱܹĳҲ޷жϳǸ˵ڣΪԷٶ̫ˣ۾İҲ޷ϡ
һ𾪹𾪣ȴûʲôʾĿһתȻͫʹԼɱУҪȽǸ֮ٻְԼĻ顣
ȴûϵԼһǱ˫۵˾ͺһ΢΢һԼһ
ҶֻԼԵĿռһŤͺռͻȻһ㣬һж߶Ťקһ
աСӣ
ʵֻǿźڻʱûⷽȥ룬ΪĴ˵Ҳкɫ棬˭֪ǲοණǱߵʼʱҶΪռϷɹЩǵļһ
ûϵľȻȺˣƫȺЩ겻ͣɽկŶеʮֵͷۣҶʵ㹻ǿᣬҲȥ˼ˡ
ʦСģ
ҶѰ˼ζԸԼֵܳĸļһȴ͵ѣ͵ĶסΣȻʹṦ͵Ĵ˰֮ϣʱŵͷȥƣȻһŮӳԼղվŵĵطͬʱָһɫָףޱȣ滹кɫơ
̫ײˣ
ڱԹһ£Ů̧ͷҶ˰գȻ͵¶һŪЦݣǾҶԾϸ߿պĿԣҸ׶ܣѡֱѰ·
ҶȻƵĳʲôҲǺٺһЦȻСˣͬʱֶŮһǸҪжˣı˭˶̲ȥ
ǸŮȻ̲ȥԾҶȻǸŽɫָ׵֣һʮ£ƿҲһ顣
ϧЩҶ˵ֻСƣһģһȴԷཻһʹ̾ȻҶĻˡ
Ůһ޷ŵı鿴ҶģȻ˼ˣҶץһСõַס˶ԷֱۣȻ˳һǡúԼ

һҽҶһعŮ˺ǰͼŮ˵ĺ͵Ķѿ֮֫ŤĿռ˶˭
ͬһʱ䣬ϸð˺ɫĻ棬Ľһҽиһ̼û˶
˳ֽǰһףʬ嶪һԣҶĿŮӵĲ״Ͷһķŭֻ̯̯֡
ȻʲôҲû˵ǸҵĴģȴӴ̼ˣһŭ֮Ȼһͣ˲䱬Ƭ¶˿ݳ׳˶⡣
ʲô⣿ѵһﻹֻɽկһ
һ룬Ȼ˼ҿɽկЩôΪ˱øǿһҲ
ϧҶûȤīȥ˻໴⣬Ṧ˲ǰʹʮƵ𾪰ֱӽ˽ˡ
̣˶ԵеʱϷ໹ˣĵȷǵˣ
ȴͷ𣬾ͼһһͿףŴ˫ֽʿ߶һʥͬڣ


096 ű
ʥʿ
ʵ⻰ʵе࣬ƾ˺һɤӣ˭˾ʲôְҵˡֻҶֵǣȺ񣬾Ȼŷ޵ڡ
ﵽжٹפţ
еΪԽὫ֧ʹΪȺӴҷӣԸǳ鷳ҪҶŽ⡣
һۣǰʥʿȻųҶģ˵ʵǿҶ˵ʥ֮ǸŨ
ָ̧΢΢һ㣡
ɫĹ⻪߻ǰһţֻоǰһ£ʲôûĿǸʥʿһµ˵ϣ󽥽ɢĺɫҺѾˡ
һƵĺΪԼ常ֻĻߴ̽һȺ˵ʵȻǻԳ֣ȴû뵽۾ġϹӡȻô
Ӹղ׾ٵĸɵǼ˺һ̧־Ͳ֪ʲôֶŪˡ
ղʲô
ͷһӼһֻϧջҶ˵Чޡ
ûʲôһˣ
˺ֺ׷һ䣺ԭǽޣôǶüɵģҲɵģ
꣬ԵҲЩ˽⣬ֻûȥӴˣңԼ常ЩɵҲߡҲԽôҲµǼ֪ĻὫһȺѰʿУ
ϼǧĹҲǸ߾һĴɹҪͣԶˡ
ҶҡҡͷҼȲɵģǶüɵģ
ĸɵģ
ɽɣ
ҡҡͷû
Ҷļô˵Ҳûȥ͵ıҪеɻѾԽԽΪߵڣֻɢɢײٵˣȻ˵طǳҲôפذɣ˵Ѿռ
һͻȻǰվһŮӣŮһǳԸеĺɫһԽױֱ˫ȼȫ¶˿Уڸǿĺܴ󣬰׻Ŀ׵ĺƲۡ
װ磬ԱߵһȻ˵˾䣺ôô찡
Ҷֻ˵˾䣺ȭʡ
ŶˣͻȻĵ˵ͷȻƶ棬Ҷĵʦ֣ڶк
ҶȻҲĵѾϳǸ߹ŮˣǵھƵҪ£ɽɵǸŮˡ
ʱɽɻڷǳСʱڣϾݶԵô鷳κжѾͶ·ģȴϼ֮ҶĲΣ˿ɽɵű֪һ˶üɡȻûжġ
ֱ仯ǳ޴󣬾޴ԭΪԽɽ£ǹҵĳЩЩֲӦ
þòأҶţ֪ߵҶĵǰϵҲ£Уƺûгֵ˼
Ҷûȥ۾װϹӣȻҲһҪĿƹȥû뵽Ҳô˵඼ǵඣ
֪ȴһЦȻһҶĴ𰸣Ŷʵкܶ˵ģҶȤһͬȥͿ֪֪һˣ
Ů˵ĻҶĵüͷԾΪŮ˵Ļ˺ܲõ롣
ʲôͿ֪֪һУ仰ĺǲҪһ䡮ȻͿ԰ĵȥˣ̨ʣ
ȻûдŮ˵ϸоʲôɱΪһߣɱӦǱ޿ΰɣŮ˱ֵٿҶҲҵġȺ˵ΧԼġ
ĿǰǴ·ʲôģΪþƾ˵ײϰҲҵԷͷͷ罫ƾͼƸŮһȥƾԼֶҲԻΪġֱӽԷһ򾡡
뵽˴ҶѾǶ򽣾˶ЩҲνʱ䣬Ϳ˵
ʹ򽣾İȫ⣬ԼʦҲԼʧġ
Բ֪һĶȻŮǰţҶǰߵʱƽһ£˵˾䣺һȥ
⶯仰ƺûκֵĵطȴ˲Ҷĵ˼Ҷ΢΢˵ͷشһ䣺ҿЩʲôҲã
ҶʦԼ˼ûнκ˲ⷬԻ⣬һԵİҲ仰ûʲô֡Ǻƽһ仰
ֻʦֵ֪ܶҶĻͻȻ˵ôһ䣬ʦһܻһսٲҪУ
ҶͻȻڵʱ׹Ҷָ£СԼʦǾԲῪڵģֱֻӸŹȥ
ˣһ·˶ǰеҶĸǽԼɢ˿ԼƺסһСķΧڣ֤ʵĲ²⡪Щһ滨
һ˰СʱɹشУҲ֪˶ٹһĹ㳡棬ҶĵһͿһ֮ǰöվмע⵽Լ˵ĵ֮󣬸ǰ˼
ҶľȵǣǸ˾ȻɵıӾʿ
ô𣿡
ҶľԼԴе㲻ˣ߹ԼӾʿѾˣȴö˶˵վԼǰһơȻȵ֪ǿ˶٣
ĪⱱӾʿʲô
Ѱ˼ӾʿѾǰһǳ˵ҶĴкҶţû뵽Ȼ㣡
Ҷĵ˵ͷǻ񣺡ҶĳҲû뵽ټʿ㣡
һ㶣漴Ҷ仰ǰѯѾˣιʻ֣ȻҶѾҲеûҪˣ㿪ڵҲûʲôѵģֻʩһֶΣΪѾˣ
Ҷ룬ֵ㲻ɵĶͷ߼ô
һ仰һΪ̽Ƕͷ߼ǲУΪӾʿȻɵƽһĺúõģˣȻԼ⵽˭İ㡣
Ҫ֪ӾʿƽǶͷ߼飬ϾĿҲ⵽˷İ㡣
ӾʿҶģͻȻЦҶҲС˵İô漴һмԶԶһ㣺ɣһСˣʿǾȵһʱ١ߣ
Σû˵ҶĲµõǸǾ¾ָʲô
£
ӾʿתͷҶģ˫ĿкƲУɢű˺ıһ
ĪѹԼǿɱΪµˣڱһ֮¾͵ûãЩҶ˵Ƿ磬޷İ㷴ӦֻǵȻվƾӾʿȥơ
ҶŵΪ˺ö࣡
仰еľȴαӾʿȷҶĵΪеȣǵõҶʱҶĵΪϵʱ£ֻҶȻȴҲС
ѾҶĵΪһߵһܸߵĲΣ񱱺ӾʿҲԼܹɽˡ
Ҷȴڿ佱Լһƣⱱӵ겻֪˶ʵصĺ
ȴֻڴֻнˣ㲻ʲôɱȲþʿ
ӾʿΪЦ¹ش󣬲Ҷ֣񡭡
룬Ӿʿż˵ȻҶѾϺɹҲ֪һЩɾɣ
Ҷû뿴ⱱӵҪ˵ʲô
ȻӾʿ˵Ҷеľݶݱ伮ԣһֹñǿϵھݴطΧڵɾû´ҶŲѾϺɹǳɾԼ޸ɾˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷȻ˼ҲûҪȥ
ӾʿҶôɴ࣬Ҳе⣬ΪɽŻأ
ĻãȴӾʿԱǰЩСΪһ壬Ȼ˾С
統ȥɽһԳһ磿
ҶĽĻ˵˳û뵽Լĵʱ뵽ͷǰˣɼЩǰ˵Ҳǰ׺ģǿС
Ӿʿһ㶣漴͵ҶҲƵ뷨һȴǸˣ
Ҷ룬ָһԵĲ֪ô£
Ӿʿһ㶣漴ҶеûŪ飬ôôˣЦŽһֱһڲҪĿʵ̫ѣǡ
ǱϵһЩ
ҶĸֵǣЩΪʲôԸɣ˫ʲôףͬʱҲ汱ӾʿоʲôλӺƵλͣǰ֪ϢȫӾʿֻǹǷ̬Ϊɵϵ
ӾʿûгѰ˼ӦЩ顣
ֱ˰ΣӾʿŵʵҶ⣬ɽҲɼʱ֣ȽЩСʰɾɣһѾԳһɾУնϵ񲻴ã
Ҷһ㶣ȴû뵽ӾʿȻʱ򷢳룺ʿĿƺܹ
һ㶣漴Ц˼ȴʧˣ½һ£
飬ӾʿһҽܣűӾʿţ
ҶһñӾʿݾȻţѹָղ˵кھͿһԭȻ
ֻӾʿֻǵʿֻȴҺűӾʿͬʱҲûмҵĿ⼸֮ˣҲ˶Ŀ֮õİˣ
Ҳ˵һֱԱӾʿΪľܹõĿƣͬʱľ
ͬʱӾʿ׵ӦǶͷ߼ҲʲôֵˣɴվãطһȱĶͷ߼飬Ѳ˼ҡ
ҶİһڰϻžȻԷεܣһǿͿܶƽԼ˵ĺܡû㹻ͱ¶ݡ
ֻӾʿֵ֪Ҷſǵˣ
ʲô
ӾʿЦҶĵװɵ벻⣺ҪҪһ𣬽Ǵɣ˵գܾԼջ󲻹һ䣺һ˳пһ죬շ
ʲô˼
ҶĲף磬׽շʲôϵ
ֻӾʿ߶߶¶һǳЦݣȻ˵˾䣺ȻвСΣգɹˣշȴ룬ֻǲ֪ҶŸһǲˣ
Ҷһ̾ûģ˼ҪԼǹʹͶֹļһûкøУ֪ţʱҲ᲻ȤֻӦһûʲôȤ
Ӿʿһ㵣ȴû뵽ȻʿֵܹסշջȻʿǶޱϧҲһĻᣬȺһܱηľͷǰ塣
ƫƫҶģƺһף


097 
ҶβñӾʿҲ÷ǳͷۣϵ֪飬й¶ȥĻ
Ӿʿ뵽˴˫Ŀ¶һ˿ɱĥɱĿж󣿷ʹƵͷֻǺɽɻ£ļֵģҶǾݶⶫϵشֱҶҲ֪ɱܷ֮˳õǶ
˼תҶҲûиʱͷҲתͣǲ˱ӾʿɢɱʵҲǸĺпҪɱڡ
Ķһ£Ÿ˼Ķ¶һǳƵЦݣƷǳһ
ԽԽαˣ
жԼı仯̾һͬʱҶ˳һ䣺֪ɾҪνЩСϵ
ӾʿһЦȴûشǱȽϻܵ飬ȴǵҶİвȺ˿֪ȴ֪
д˿֪ⱱӾʿԼ˼Ҳʱ⣬û̫⣬㿴ĻһܸڳԼֻΪλͻȻıͷҳԼ棿
ҶֻһѰ˼̾뵽Լеľݶ
ˣһﶨȻҪõеǱԲŴԼ̸˼ҲֻҪһԲϿ׼ֱӳֵͷֻƳҵΪûвִٳ֣
ʵҶĵĲ²ˣӾʿµȷмּɵҶıǵĹҶĶ˶üɵ鲢ûдӾʿĶУмʤ㣬ΪûĿǰҶĳ֡
ҶޣӾʿ޻Ƿǳɵģһֱס˳ֵͷҶ̸
˵ʱ򣬰ֻǾվһԣֱʱſڵι㲻׼ô
һ˫۾ôҶģҶ˺ôĻһ
һӾʿע⵽ŮӣΪŮӲɽ˰ˣ⻰鲢ˣתͷ´һ޵ͬʱҲʵλǡ
λϺɹˣֻԼļҵģҶʱҲںߣοϺȥ֮ǰϺɹиԽտԽϣԼŮܵ˵Ҳԡ
ϺɹˣӾʿһһЦֻҶںʲôϺɹ˵Ļһ㶼ţҶţеĪҪԣ
ҿûкԣʿŮǺˣ
ȻҶһ֮ģɱӾʿֻǲš
ҲǵȻģΪϺɹеȥɽ統УϺɹڱ˵ķլĿܻͻȻðһ˼ֻҶںǲԼ̵ϺɹжҶֶ˼ɱ
ʿžˣŮɹ֮ȷʵɵ飬Ϻи
ӾʿƲϺôĿȴ֪֤
û䣬ֻͻȻһ̴һϷ֤
ӾʿɫһݣȴûͷʲôʱģϢľܵԼԣԴ˹֮ޱȼɵǺˣ
ϷԽλӦԼϺɹ׼ϺɹиŮϣȴϱռȥ
˵Żͬʱһ˫ֻŽǷأȻûӾʿС
ߣλѾȥ˽ǧ꣬ѲѾ˼ǧꣿ
Խ˿СĪҪ֪ߵغϷѾǧ֮ˣ
⻰һӾʿһЦЦܻǧ꣬Ļû
һ˵ʿǧ꣬϶ѾˡôõʱһĥҲܽĥǰ㾳硣ĥģôôþѾɢһолϼǧʿ
õҲһǧ꣬ͻƣɢ֮ҲڳϦȻΪпܷ֮ˣ䲻ͻƣ֮Ҳֲ³
ԵԽ˵Լ˼ǧ֮󣬱ӾʿֻȺ˸ǺѰԼġ
ŭһ飬Ȼȡһ˹ͭɫһָԽ˼ҪȡϺɹֱ˵޷ʿҲʲôĻᱻ㼸仰ڿĽɾˣ
ͬʱЦҶģҶôһϷĪǵɵӲɣ
˻һͻȻòԾղĺûôתʱŻعҶԭɲ֪ԼɵġȻܻŪʲôЦϷһֱĴѲӵ˴඼Ҷľǰ̽˳ҲΪﱻռˣȻ벻ͷϣܰһڲƭԼˣ
˵ҪڲƭЩˣɵˣҪ˵ʵĻȺ˸ʵѾռԲΪʲôطҵġһɾͽطóĿܾΪϰߵķʽ⡪һаµļһͨͨɵ
ҶĶȺһıԾԲܲ˽⣬бҪֻ
Īģ
ͷ΢΢ðһ亹ӾʿͻȻ뵽һܡȻʿܴǧ꣬Щг֮ȽϳȻȱٶʼպͻƵ֮ǵƿĻٶȱʿ硣
ǵƾǿøʱȥͷһ޶òޣǶȻΪǳǿĴڡµǾȻоֵ
Ӿʿһ侲뵽˺ܶ飬ȴûע⵽ԽűӾʿеĳͻȻ˾䣺ȻǴޣֻϧá
רŶԸǷˣڲϰģЧȴޣ൱һĹǷǳʵѰӲӲĻ𻵵Ĵ󲿷ʱ಻ǴޣڶʿԭҲҪⶫȥݶˡ
ͷȻʶޣӾʿԽԼƲûдˣĻе㸴Ӳ鷳ˡ
ʱ֪վһԣ˫ѾѪɫСľżˣΪĶ֣Լпɥģϣˡ
ʱ⵽ӾʿŵĴ޸˻ƺѾֹס˶ֵ˼Ҷͷ˵˾䣺и֮ˣ
Ȼģ
Ӿʿ˰ΣͻȻʵ㲻壿ʻͬʱŴ޵ֽ˼֣һԾĻش̾һ޴򽫹ȥȡڵһ֮¾͸ɵһ֣ȡһЩơ
ͷ̧ƱӾʿҡҡͷϷ壡
ӾʿųһŴ޵Ҳ˼֣ô˵˳Ϊǻذɣ
˵գһЦЦģԽֱͦ壬һ˫ٲʲģǾĵ
˼Ҳõǣǻضûʲôã֮䲢ûгͻ
ԭӾʿѾϺɹ൱˽⣬ΪѾ˺һӣ⽫ɹÿһ綼鿴һߡǻأȻҲӲĲ̽
ʲͷǲ壬һΪǲ˵ѣҲ֪ɹĿġ
Ȼһ֮̾ãͷȷû˵ѡ˵Լ壬Ӿʿ̾ͻ֣ΪǾԲܱˣĹҲὫ価ߣֻһЩпܱ¡
ԽشԼǣӾ˼֣Ի̽ȼ˵ķӦ̾ͷ˵ĹȻģ
ҶһֱԹۣһֱйؼȻʲӻأʦܶһ֮ͻȻе㲻˺ҪЭƵء
ֻӾʿЦЦĵһ˼Ҫǻóͣһ㱾ʿҲ΢һֻɹȴø㣡
ԽѰ˼һ£ӲĻ˾䣺ֻҪ֤ǻأҪõʱ򲻼ɹУͷҲûʲôȤطҲ޷
˵˴Ӿʿ¶ϲɫȴֽ˵һ䣺ǻһû֮ǰȴǽ֮£
Ӿʿ˼ҵʱ仯ǻظȥƬ̣ҲǲܽܣȽ鷳һʱҲ޷ȥһЩʱҲ޷
ȴ֪еˮǼܻۺõģҲ֪᲻ֺһֱȥˡ
˺ƴЭ֮Խתͷ԰һ˼ˣСһȥɣ
֪ԼɵӵľǻأɹǲںϾסǺôĶɹҲûʲô⡣ԽһߵԼԣһȥ
ֻ껹ǵԽ˵ĻָҶĵأ
Խ룺˵ãŻǣֲǰģȻˣ˵һ꣺߰ɣ
û䣬ѾûӰӣʲôĶݷֱȥˣҲпͷ֪ķţֱϺɹĽ뿪ɾ
ͷôߣҶҲһ˼˵ףҰ飬ҾͰ㴦Ƕͷ߼顣
ҲҶİģͷԳ棬ȻҲذˡȻе㲻ˬʵˣȴҲûʲôԹ޵ġ
ӾʿһԿҶɫ糣ҲǰһҶĹǲףѾʼĲˣȴеվ
Ѿԭ˴Э飬֪ҶŻʲô˵ģ
ҶƱӾʿûʲô˵Ȼ˼ˣҶĳ͸ˣ˵վҪתȥ
ϲҪͼӾʿһ
ʿк£طһ̶ˣʵƣΪ֮ƾʦ̻صɾУȻȵٽһԼ˫ʹľٳЩһˣ
ȻⲻɣⱱӾʿҪӲģҲֱӽһɵ˳㽫Ϻɹе˶ɱһɶ
һȺҵΪѹԼʵûпıҪɣҶͻȻ뵽Լľݶᱻϣ˱ѪĴ֮⣬ɰ˳Ҳڰɿһ
ԭûô룬ڵ֪ҪСһ磬ȻԼҰռ֮ͷȺһ˶
Ȼ˶ȻɣҶĶɵӡֱ½¸ǳ˵⡣
ӾʿһЦֻǵ˾䣺ҶŻǿߵĺã
ʲô˼
Ӿʿԣֻǰͷ˿ҶģϣҶŽվ͸һ׼ȷĴ𸴣뻹ǲ룿
ΣΣҶһ𣬷ΧѾΧ˺öˣӾʿ׼ɱˡ
ӾʿҲشֻǵҶˣҪ¶Եģ
ҶͻȻЦǵñӾʿһ󲻿죺Цʲô
Ц棡
ӾʿŭĪҪʶô䣬ֻΧͻȻЩװ죬ҲǲͬҶֻһƣͷкˣаˣҲණˣװҲвԼر͡
Һ֣ЩΪλԸ㣿
ֻӾʿдһΪ޷пܳջ󣡡˵һָҶģֻϧҶûˣ
𣿡Ҷνʼ򣺡ҶĳںЩ˵⻰ͬʱ˫΢΢һ̧ɫȻ˫֮ϣңңָǰıӾʿ


098 һ˲
Ҷ˫Уո΢΢ŵĽâǿתֻԼܹ峤ģ
Ӿʿ֪ҶȴҶжٱڻþʱûмҶʹ򽣾ʱΪ˰ѵӾʿݣѾװɵˡ
ҲΪǴ͵ϮñӾʿһ£һˣʱվߵĲ֪ŮˣӾʿʮֿǶ۾
Ӿʿ˫۾ҶβãԳһһ΢΢ңңָ˲֪裬ʱԷԽϽþеŮ˸ɱ
Ҷšѡɲ̫ãӾʿһеĴޣȴû䵽ϣ˱Ӿʿ֮ҲǰǼɵҶԷɽӾʿĴĻԼǰֹҶȻ֣ɱԼһֲ
ҶȴҡҡͷҶĳѡãΪſɲҪɽɺ
ǰ໰ԼӾʿı飬ҶľƳⱱӾʿʼûзɱ뷨ʱ򣬸Ҳһ־Ӹ£Яżʩζı顣
ԱӾʿܹԼݼĻӦû᷸ĴŶԣƫƫӾʿͷˡ
ҶƲҪôǱӾʿأҪôǱӾʿѹ˼꣬ıҲѹֲסˡҲпܾΪԭԱӾʿ˳ƳûװԼɵˣûָԼԭݡ
пΪԼ޽ӽ˾ݶñӾʿҰĳԼԤƵͣҲҲ޷ȥԴʱűֵӡ
Ҷŵˣ
˵ϣ˸ߵһҶĵ˫ɽţӾʿӶԷв̽һϢܷ񿴳ҶĵһЩ뷨ϧǣҶûиᣬҶľſ˫ۡ
۾
߲ɫâһţһ˫ͫñӾʿһԼ׺СҶģû뵽ɽžȻһ˫ʿȴɵõۡ
ģҲ֪۾ʲôɱӾʿҲöԷƲϵ£ԼΪ֮ƾֻսپҹζࡣ
뵽˴Ӿʿ˵ֱͷһ𣬴̵õ˺һҶġ
ΪԶȻڵŲϺţɷȥΪ˥񣬼ӵĴˣǵǿļ󷨱֮һ
Ѱ治øӲƴκҶԷɽͲǷһۼͲκηӲƴ
ǣҶĵԷɽȴбôޣķȥԸ
׼ƣҶ˫һУȫעֻһĴٶȲ죬ķйŵĵ⣬ԼΪжһеһжҶĿС
һеһƵȻ۾޷ͨЩжϳ޵򣬵Ƕһһ˴򶷳ɳҶ˵ܹһоѾ㹻ˣʣĹȫɡ
׼ƣжϳ˴޻͵һգȻֱӹԼĶͷһǴʵˣƾҶǿᣬҲñɶԣ
ʱ׼ƣҶĹƣֱӾһ˳ȥһǽʮеĿлڣǽʮǿһơ
Ȼ𾪰һȴƷһƣһеĺ壬ôϰŶƷһΣ¸İֱӽлڸΪܸٶʽɴ˿ɼһߣ
һĳǰҶһƴΪͬҶһȻϾƣԼɼͣȴշɳȻҲĪӦִǴ޵ĹƶܵӰ죬ǰǰƾȴǴΪͬ
һֱ޳嵽ǰҶһ´˴޵ı֮ϣľ죬漴ֲǿľ˲һƾô¡
ӾʿԼĴ޾Ȼıɵĵ˻ԶԼʱס˴ޣֱӾͱصԼϡ
ɼˣҲҶһƵǿᣬҾʵʱ̸Ͳ
޹ȻǿᣬȻƾһ˫ӲӲ
ҶĵǿᣬӾʿȻ׼ȴҲûϵŵ̶ֳȣҲΪЩʼϺɹйأͲҶƾһ˫ƴսüɵغʦ֮¡
֪Ҳе׼Բ㾪ȣ΢е񣬽ôһ
ֻע⵽ԼϹȵعͷʶԼһ̷˺ô
ԭһ֣Ҳȡһ˼΢΢ųɫâǵüɴս֮ʱ֮ǰ˳ּǱ𽣡
⽣ڸʱǺڻ˸ţȻûȫ٣ȴҲأܹ޸ҲǰʱǱˣһͲáԼûʲôϰֽ֣߳Դ﷨Ԥ˺ö೤ǿԼռġ
һΧ̾˷˹ԵĿռһ͵ĳӰӣһ£ȴû棬һ֪ŷ֣ʱâذֱӴ͵ĺġ
ͬʱ˳Ͳ棬˶Ƕˣһֳֻǳͨڣһһdַţĩ˻һСʱͬʱϸ͵ıһɫ͸źĵ
ֻ˵ĹѾæӦԣǸоȻ͵ĳһɫСţžһۣȴоĵ⼸УΣա
⻹͸еʹģƵǼ˶ֵһ˲䣬Ṧֻоһ٣˾ȻԶͺԼΧһռ䱻סһ
ҲΪһ٣˵ĹžҪ͵ˣɾڴʱϹ֮ͷʧṦһ㣬Ǳܹ湥Сţ
󳤽һӣһľǺɫ͸źĵӲӲƴһȻľ޴Ӱ쵽Ǹȫźµŷˣ˸׼СڴͶȴͻȻǰһƬû׹ôµʱʧȥ֪
ô£ȴƵһǿˣǾȻͻȻֳһͳǸͬԣгһɻ䣬ֻǰһâǸͬͱһ̲Ѫˮѿ
һеǸ;ȻվԭأƾըѿѪˮԼȴ㲻˸е־ǣЩѪˮڼ֮󣬾ȻʲôҲûһ˹ȥȻһ˵ϡ
Ӱ
˶˹һɱ֮ͬѾȥˣⲻһӰѪˮŻᴩȥմϡ
Ȼ͵ٶȸжģʹúɫȴ̫⣬ֻԼٶҲϺɫâһǰ˳ȥֱ˵͡
ɾʱһȴͻȻһСģ
ʹ˻û׹ô£ͼӦӰгһԼԿǳֱԼʺ˫ѵ̻ӵֵ
ֻ֮󣬾ͼɵ㶵վԭأĲ˼֮ɫǰĺɫѿž类˵Ĳһһ׵ıһصƬ
һڳѵͬʱӼѺʺһѪѪҲʲŵѪһǰŵͣһƬʺΪһ塣
ʱǴŵֻ˫ȷеȻûɢȥԼȴ᲻ȥˡ
Ǹղŷһж̫죬̫ˣӾֵǸΪڼ˵;ȻʧˣֻʣǸոձѪ˵͡
ʲôûʶˣѾ׹һоôˣ
⵽ǼΧʱ򣬱˵ͬʱüٶַ˻һ˲Ǹŷ޵ͬնһ̲ѪˮҲͻӽʱϸŵĽԭȻѪˮըѿһ˲˻ԭһмһ˲ɣоͳ͡
ʱ͵ȷںˣվﱻѪ괩ĵȷֻһӰ
һͬȥ׼׷ʱȴԼٶȣԼǳ׼ĶصӰ֮ʵ̶֮ԵȻͬ⧲
ȴ֪˶ٽԼȴãһ˲ʵϳʮֻÿʮһǳɣһ̳ϼͬĶڱֻһһ㡣
ʮʹļһһΪֻȻóסһò˵˶ԼٶԼж϶мǿģҲȷסˡ
ֻʮ죬Ҳǳ󣬼ÿʮڼ̵ʮͬһλãǱȻҲǱȽر𣬵Ҳܲסֹ
Գյֵסױ͵ĳ˳ƴԼʺ
Ϊ죬һ֮ǱȻûֱӱ飬ƵأҲǼˣֻһ֮̾ͱƬ
ʱѾȥȻѪֻǴµĲӰˡ
ֵ뵽ʵ࣬޷еţæ̾ͬȣһͷͿһʼһЩǽסƬ̵ͬѾ˵ϡ
ŵ˫ۣ޷ŵı飬Ѫɫ˫ҲѪӦýĲȴǿһԶһ㣬ż˵Ѿɵ˸Զĵط
ʲôʱ򡭡
ʱԼ˷͵Ϯһ˲䣬ƺâ̽ĿתһԵҶġ
ȴһҶĶ˸ţǶɫ˫ͫӦ˸е͵ģڼ֮ȴԼƱһħˣ˲
ճɵɵЦ˾ȻɻͣϵźԼؿڣ˾ȵĿ˶ˡ
һеһУֻڼ֮䷢
ӱӾʿ֣һ˽⣬һں̵ܶʱģҶһб˴ޣȡ˳ֵĻʱתȽϹ˼Ĳ֪裬ŮǶ۾ǳ졣
һʼ;Ҫ˲ȡôģҲôģǲ֪һʼԼ˫۽סͣҶĸҪ̵ʱڸɵ
ҶĵʵҪ͵Ϯ˭ûмܹȻ֪豾ΪҶĶȻӾʿסŷĴ󵨵Լ˫ͫȥͣû뵽ӾʿȻʱ񣬾ôһĿյ;ˡ
оһȣӽǿʼϵԴʼƮƮʱ֪Լˡ
أѪȥڸһпʵľôĲ֪һҪҶһɫ˫ҶĵǶɫ˫ֻ֮ͫоȫ˻˫һ˲Ҫըһ
˵ǣʧȥһеʶ˫۲ûбǾôȫͫȴԼͬ顪Ǹù˫һ£ֻҲڣʧȥս⡣
ȥҶĵ˫ۣոշ˲֪蹥˫ͫûȫɢȥùԼɵˡ
ƫƫĽ˸ᣬӾʿҶֻһƾԼһ½Լ̴󾪣˫۾ȻԿˣ


099 
Ҷĵ˫ȻܿˣȻܲҶԼҲ֪ڵһ㡣
ʵҲе֣ΪһԼ˫۾ԾԼ˫ôֲ
ʱȴǲԲ۾΢΢һתӾʿȻԼһ֮΢΢һĿ⾹Ȼ˿ȥĪԼʹʲôĹӣ
ͼӾʿ߶˼䣬ϸ˼ವһٴҶĳ˹ҶĴʱҲûȥ뾿ôˣ˫裬ֻڶֻ̼䣬Ҷĵ˫ƾ޶Ժ˼ء
⼸ʱۣŴԽ࣬Խ죬ȵȻ֮ƹƹҵĺڲͣײ
ΧΧ˳ʱãֻǾھȻ˿ŵķǴʲôڳ˶ʶҪǷӲӲĻĪ˵ƣϱҲǱɱķݡ
ǴʱȴĿֱǲܵķ
һֱͻȻע⵽Ҷĵ˫ƾȻȾһɫͺ˫ϰһƤһ
ӾʿԽԽʱҲ˲ʲôɵҶ˫ֵ˫ˣϷһ䣬Ƭ֮һ׹۶ɣ־Ҷ˹ȥ
׹ҲѰ׹⣬֮ɣ׹īһۿȥһжᱻսȥһ
ɼȫֻЩŶʩչӾʿΪţȻãʹıκ˶ãѰҪķּó
׷ҶҲǲС챦׺һƬ纣ˮ˳ľ֮ϣһеƷһƸǰĴޣ˫һǰһǷ׹֮ϡ
һ¡¡죬ɫڹȻըƾˣöֻ̳̳Ʋ¡
ǽһӰʹŨб˶ֻҶ˫Ʋ£ƱͬʱɱųƵƣǺ֮ȴûаٻ˫ŸڵϴĹ֡
Ȼˣ
ҶȻһˣ˫ϾȻ˺ֻۣ»ָƵģ֮ɫ
ȴҶҲǳһû뵽Ȼ仯ƾʹʹ˫Ʊһ㣡
ҶľǣƾȻҶʹñʲó׺ͬʱƵûɢͬһ֮°־ŹǱԼԤƵĻҪá
ǽı仯ȴҶͻȻԼýʮǰʵԺı仯ԭƾȻҪòУǰҪýøƾʵ᱾ĩˡ
ʱٴιҶƾһˣ˫Ƹֳ˽֮ɫ𰵻磬ʹ̣ƷԼھҲǶȻһתʹ챦ľʱҲת˿ȴҪʹԼȫԸ׷Ĵޡ
ҶĽȫע˴ϣǱӾʿȴȥˣΪѾע⵽Լʦܳ𳤽˹ȥʱʩչṦ춼ӰӣӾʿһƬƬͷۣʱڿɹ˲Լ
ֻһ⣬ȥӾʿ̸ԼµӿеǱΧһȺΧ۵ļһͺŵζһȻǰҪռЩˡ
Щ˿ҶıǣƣȻûȥǣǴԴݲȵĳɱǰҲԳȫӦԴ޵ʱ
ע⵽Ⱥ˳ҶҲᣬȫ͵һֻһƬϹ֮˺ƾͽ˵һƬɫĿռ䵱С
ĿһƣҲһԼ˾ȻһɫıָȦ˵УȴʲôΣգջĿҶĳ˹ȥ
ǽţǾͷԼȻã˺ƶڿһһ˻˫־ٵͶҶԺĵطϱǼֵϲãǴʱѾһƬ֮ɫ
ʱ򣬴޷ҶĵȻ䲻ã޼ǲƵֱҶţҶ׼һӣǡô˸ոշĴ޲棬ֱϵİһǴϵټͱࡣ
ǼаҶҲǿľԼֱһ飬Լϰ㲻壬ľԼľһתһ֮ϣҶĵѾ̵ľʱֵ˴ϵྡྷԵø࣬ٶȶ͵ı죬һٴλ˴Ǹպתβˡ
´ĽʵʵޱҶһĵ˵ص׵УֻһԼĪƱССڶ
ʱҶĲſӦΧˣȴ͵ǰһԾոպö㿪һǳĹ
Ѱ˸κε״Ҷĵ˫ͫȴһֹԼղվλãҶľûҶ֮ûɢǵת׷
ҶҪҪ𣬵͵Լ챦ƺҲ˫ؿǰʣ΢΢ֿһ㣬һ۶ɵԲ˫ƵС
ǰһƣ͵ıһŹȻıһźݻٵˡ
ѩϣ
Ҷ͵ϻӳһȭȭͷϱŵɫǷʯ¡¡֮ڶ౻ڿ֮Բ⣬Ҷĺڵ֮ƾ˵һȭȻûڵ°˺ۣƬҳû

һԻ󣬿ǽŴؾȻһ󶶶ַΧ֮ڣ͵Ĵܳʯʯֵλǡþÿ˵·һƬʯͻȻĳֽЩ̶ΪӵĿ澡һ⴮
ҶĿ㾰ҲǾ⣺ɾУ챦ȻҪ࣬ҹս챦ԳʣʹִȻӵеͬʱҲܵ͵
Ƭʯ֣ҶŪؾŪģ׽УҶ޷ôֲʯ֣ɾ֮УԼ׵ֻ
Ҷûע⵽һģΪûɾ˶ֵľ飬ֱ죡ʹ׺ʱͷֵһ㣬Ϊ׺ľ۵ıԼƽʱҪ졪ҲûʲôϾԣƽʱ൱Ĺȴ˸ǿһҶ
ǡȺҶĸպһֹȻˡ
ĻΧĻ챦ȴǿԷӳǿ
ԭѰ˼ҪҪûȥѾı뷨ҪȺһͨͨɵǸһֱݵıӾʿǾԲܷŹ
ɢȥһûбֲҼʱֹסεˣҶԲܹǵģҪûռˣҲǼ޴뷨
κˣҲҶĸᣬʱҶһ֣ɵ˲֪һֱ֪ٵķɽȻ֪ʲôʱƵȺ˵ǷֵʱѾҶͷһȻը
ͻȻĽȺ⧲Ⱥ˷ǳ͹۵˺ý˼һ˲ͱĽɱĩ΢ԶһЩҲ˲ͽԼ͸Ľɵ
ֻȽϺõıסһҲ˴ˡ
ҶĸûзŹȺ֮ˣȺ˸ղŻҪûȡԼȻûзŹǵɡ
˫ָ㣬һַÿһ֮󣬶һţҶĳּ죬ֻƬ̼Щߺ;ʧˡ
ʱٻعͷŷʹʱѾ˿սУӰѾӰӣӾʿϷ任ָͣķǵصĺ͡
ʱֻܲͣĻӽԱҲʹܣҶעȭͷСΧűӾʿƵˮӡ
֮ɫƺɫâǡöӦ֮ʱʹҲȻиֶӦԡ
ӾʿƺһԽӶųȥÿֻһţĿֻΧתͣҲԼ޷ͬʱʹӣ˵˹СĽˡ
ǡڴʱӾʿתͷһۣǡÿҶվһƬʬǰԼ̾׹Լһ¾ȻǸɽŸɵˡ
ȻûȺ˿ԸɵҶģҲû뵽ҶľȻôǿô̵ʱɱôˣֻоһͷۣͬʱΪʹ飬޶ûʹʱҶĳԼһԼĿ黤һָǡתԼǰһ㡣
ֻˮϵİɫâ͵ıޱҫۣâһɢ֮ΧȻޱɫĹ⽣ʲ󱬷Ľ֮۳ɽ
ɽһ֣̾Ҷɱɽɵ;ͻȻɢͬķֱҶĵҪ
ǡġۡʺԼҶļ״̶׼ɽ˹ȥȻ˳ճԼȣϴһƬ˰ľǱɽƵķϸ߿ա
СˣȻ򣡡
Ҷһ֮Ҳͣ߳Ṧűӳ˹ȥɫɽᣬĵοɽǸųĶǲɵǱӾʿʹķֻƾЩ⽣ͿԽԼˡ
ֻӾʿһ㣬ɫķɽɱҶĴʱǰ壬ǷɽһðͿɱԼǰҶҲţգһת֮£㱻ҶС
ʩչȫ潣ббϷһ㣬ɫɽ̱ķɽ˸߿ա
ҶĽŷ֣֮ͬʱһתڿлһ뻡֮˳һɨȻһá
ǡýʣɫ˳ȥһøǽһɫɽϣȴҶ֮˺ü·ɽķ㲻һת֮£һľŶԷǼɽľͬʱȻȥһ
ɽʮʵҵʹϽ
ҶжϣǡҲ嵽˱ӽǰг̶ֱ⴦һ󶶶оһ㣬Ҫδ
ǱӾʿȴһЦ˫͵һģֻĸ⣬һʰ쵵ǽͳ˱ӾʿǰҶһ
һȻʮ㣬ȴ޷ǽǽϵɫâȴ͵һǽҲһŤ˱ӾʿһҶһǿƥЩ⻤
ҺԼⷨվǵסҶһ΢һ֮̽ĿתһʱΪҶĻعǱѹѾƵ˹ǿͷųĹ⽣ʱһӱ壬ƺҪⷨȥ
ߣ棡
ӾʿԼѾס˾ƣһ֣һֱڵصûгֹĴٴα⻪͵Ĵӵص״ֱܳӹͺģһǼһɣȻԼͿԼȫԸҶˡ
ȴǰͻȻһŶԣ
תͷ֮󣬷Ҷ˫۾Լͬʱ˫˫ͫеĹâǿĽ˼޷ֱӣ󱱺ӾʿֻоһȣԼȻ֪ʲôʱ߲ʰ쵵ĻΧˡ


100 ѩ
ƣޱȣӾʿһ˲жϳơԼҪ꣡
ʱΪӾʿ⵽գΧǼˮҲȺܵ˲⼸Ҳʲôһʱ¾Ȼûʲôˡ
⼸۶ɵǽȴѾɢʱֻҪҶһУӾʿصԼ͵һغ
ҶҲǽɢгǰ̣ȫ潣ʩչһжֱȡӾʿǰͬʱһһʩչһƱͺͬʱʹ˶룬ֱȡǰ֮⣬Լ˫ֻۣҪһ̵ʵˣⱱӾʿǱɡ
ӾʿȻܱĿǿȷ֮ʹ˫֮£Ҳ˲ǼαˣȴǽߵĿӶ˳ȥͬʱ𷨾⼸ͷȫʹ˳
ҲҪ汳
Ӿʿʶ㣬ȻǷԻ߲Ҳǿᣬǵһܹмܵס
ҶܹʹģƣԼѾǱɣֻƾĹֵƬ̣Ȼʱ佫ҶĸɵֻҪɱҶģɵĴ¾Ͳᱻƻ
ͼıȻֻһ˴ʵɸ־ֻʱ߰ˡǱӾʿд󣬽ЩֶĻҲԼͲҲ϶ɡ
ϧûкҩѾǱɣҪǵľֻνҶˮˡ
ֻ̼䣬Ӿʿ˼飬ʹҶĵͬʱӾʿйʹɵĶݷһݹֱԶһҶг裬Լļ䵽һԵʱ򣬾˳ǰˡ
ƫڴʱܹ˳еȻ͵һͣһȻûнҶĵĶȵĶһ£ͬʱؿһƣһѪӺͷӿ
⻹꣬Ҷֻ˫һʹҺһѵָо統ͣ˫ͫʱһֻʱͬǣһ˫ͫеȻʧصļ
ǰľԽԽԺҶÿǸղŶʱʲô֢̱˫ۣͬʱͣת
ʱע⵽ܳԣȻʧһգԼʲŶǵǽյӾʿȻô
˫Ȼǿᣬֳ䲻⣬ȴҲֲ
ƽʹòûôģôΨһĽ;ǵǽǶЧǱǿƵ˰ˡǺڻҪԼ֮˸ʱǸϵĵһ
ǽȻû赲ס𣬵һöûʱ͸Ӿʿṩ㹻ʱ䡣ټǼ赲Ƭ̣Ҷ΢عʱ򣬾ͷֱӾʿѾݽ˴֮С
Ȼ䱻ûϣûۿҶʼղġ
תͷһʧȥ˲ٿصӴ䣬ͬʱһָ˴޵ļϽ޸ˣԼҲһ¶Ժķ֮ƮɳԶ˾롣
ϴʱѾû˲ݣʹʱҲѾΣȥתͷҶģǡÿҶ˫ѪͬʱԵҲеήҡ
ʦ֣
ҶĿԼҲµԼģȻЩǱ˵鲻ء
ڵƵǻԳܵסΨһϵľȻĹԼĹҪ΢ؼʱվƬ̣ҶѾָЩѯʱ˻֣ûʲôҪǸϽ׷ȥƣҪʲô
ѾģҪǲɱ˱ʵİʱ΢һָ׷ȥ˳ֻǼűԼ޸սԼĽָС
ȵҶĺͳ֮󣬿һ·µķպۼͿҵӾʿȥ˳Щۼսֻ֮ӾʿվһӵУֻûϥǵĳˮڷ¼ˮʹǳӿɵһƬ
ֻܹԼƼӵӰվͻȻЦҶģɱңԺҲȻûкӹ
Ҷһ㶣󾪣ȴⱱӾʲô
ǻأ
ӾʿЦ㵹ǴȥѰ鷳ȥɣ˵ЦֹֻǹƬЦԽԽСʧ
еӰҲЦֹЪɢֻˮȴûɢȥǳеˮȫȻˡ
Ҷĸע⵽ҲԼٻ˴룬ѾϵģҲǿԽˮ廯ˮˡ

ģҲǲýֿͨ˭ֹ֪ϵ˼ܷɽĴܷôһŭ֮ҪѰԼ鷳ֻƾڵԼ˳Ӧġ
Ȼ˵⻯ϸ˵㲻ԼٵģǱӾʿѾˣ׼˼Լйߡ
Ҷɫ任ͣͬʱһ𣬸окö̶߳͵б䣬ҪϽȥ
ȥģҲ鷳ֻǶɾðȫҪɾѾܣѾʼоνȶͨһ£ҶĶȥҲ׼׷š
Ҷ룬Ȼȥˣһȥɾ
ǰ鵢󲻵ãҶͺת漴𽣹塣
˻ûɳԶһߣȴһϵͬŽ˹һӣ侹Ȼ˲ಲͣĴڳʮ⣬ɵ֪һ˱ɷе
ͼϵ׷̫ٶҲǷɿ죬ȥȻᱻ׷ϣͣס⣬ս𽣣漴ǽȻһ𽣺˲˼ʮ׳ľһ
ʱѾͣɵֻԶͻȻʧȡ֮һ޴ɽ
ǷɽתͷԼųʮȥֻһ󶣶죬ԼʮɽȻ޴ķɽȽƷɵһԣɢĵǡ
𾪵ͬʱ̾ҪʹñֶνǾ޽£ȴ޽Լɽ֮󣬾Ȼڿ͵һת漴ͶûӰӡ
ʱŻعԭǾ޽Ȼ֮ãعŽŵĴȴ޷ıѾȥʵ
ֻźɣʵȴѾ˱ıԵʱϹѪͬʱǿŲûнѪȫ
Ѿʹ˼£һɫľ޽һϺɹҲֱͣӳ΢һ·ɾȥ
ҶĴʱҲڽ⵱Уǿƴʹ̵һʦŹûɣϺɹԪϡټʹȥĻ;ƿݶ
ҲҶ˵ûֻΣѾ˲ˣֻõʦֲصģŵɾûģ
ҲϸŹҪͨпֻ࣬ҪƬܹ̾ɵɾһҲ㹻Ӧʱ䡣
Ȼ˼ʰһ¾ͻ뿪ɽҶþݶɾ򿪣˽ȥһʱ䣬ͬʱС
һ˳ĻҪվͿڳɾﰲϢˣҪľ׷ǿ
ͬʱԼֻҪŵɾͺãʱ˼ŽУԼȫԱ˴ŷɡΪеӱŷУٶȿ϶޵ġʱԿ첻ȡʱȷѡ
ǻûҶĵȰ棬Ǽ߶⻹ûɣֶûǰУеصٶȿ죬ǿʱȫʹֻƬ̹Ҷĺ;ͻصɾ
һɾУ̾һѪʱȻҲǲܣֻԭصϢʦȥλžУ
ҶҲ֪鵢󲻵ã˵ͷٷϻ𽣹ص˾סǸߣ˺Ҳû˵ʲôֻһЩ鷳ǸϿңͼ򵥵ĽһЩҪս˽ָС
ҲûжʣǼ򵥵¶˶д﷨ʰҲǼ죬ӵĹ˾Ѿص͵ǰ
ͣûͻʱеģʱ֪͹Ȼ飬û˼æȥһ
ûЩˣ뿪˵
ûһ˶໰Ҷһͨ̾Ǽ𽣹˳ȥܷлٶȲҲɻ¡ѩ˴š
ҶĹȻߣǴҶƳĿǰ״ôãϺǶѪ˵Ҳе㣬ǸովһսȻű˷ɡ
Եȵ󣬾ֻʣҶһˣҲͷƣ𽣹ɾһֱڿвýͨͬк˻Ӧ
ɽһҪʲôȥ
һһŷһʼ򣺡˭֪أǳʲô°ɣ
ǸղſҶĺͻֻʱͼž޴Ľ⣬Ʋ£ֱ޽ɢǲԭͺҶģ漴˾ͽɾȻҲûп̫
ʱۼ˵һղƼҶźˣĪɽɺ˳ͻ
˻һۣͻȻɽɿǺ׺ģȴ֪ôùܹ˵ҶģССġ
һ˵ĪҪ̸Щ£ֻҪͺãҶ⿪ٳͬǻûȶסأʦ֪ˣȻǰ²
һٲ˵ŷ߶ȻҪһƲеͨȶסճãҲ֪Ҫʱ䡣Ҳ֮ڣɾûб˵Եʡ
˵Ҷĵˣһ·ϵûʲô鷳ɸոʧȥţ϶Ҫһʱ䣬ԽҲ֪̾ر֮¡ÿȥϺɹɣɲ֪βҵ
һ͸Ҷĵȡʱ䣬ȻɽϣΪͿ˼Ҳӽ䱸ҶĵҪҵֲⳤɣֻҪЩѲӵĳ׵ӾͿԲκע⡣
Ѱ˰գ׼ҵطϢʱڳɽһɽŷǳɾڡȻصĵطҶĺһƣѹڿôҲѰ
ʹþݶһţ˲һ棬͸оͨһоһ
ǰһƣĿ֮಻ȺɽҪǰȻһƬѩף֮⾹Ȼɫ
һװعѩ
һ΢ָ㾫ͷ;ȻһƬѩľɽصϼҡ
Ѿ޷Ǹеͨ죬ҪѹĶࡪѾڵҶģʱҲͨһƬҪ˵ˡ
䰡ĹģǣƫƫĴŴôһ㣬ʱֻܱżͣĶ¡
ҶҲע⵽һ㣬΢ϰһƣⳤɾﾹȻѩԼ䵽ĳȫѩĵضΣΪǳɾɫ
ϱɣ
ۻΣﶼڽһʱҪĵطҲҪʮϰꣿҶûа֮ǰǧ֮ǰ׼ȥˡ
ΪһΣҪԸĻɣѾŪ˾ݶɽɵĹϵһôԼҲüį


101 Ǭ
һɽ֮ϣҶһߵһŽصĹ
Žǻ챦ĵڰ˲㣬㾳֮󼴱ԭ֮УҲǿԺߵĸˣֻУҶҲԼɽغ󾿾ᵽʲôΡ
ࣿỹǿ
ֻܽԼбȽϣΪ䵱ʦȽϤĶ֣Ҫ͸ǸǧߵΪʲô̶ȡ
Ųûε뷨ȻҶͣҶĸûͷͿƾ۵֪Լʦ͡
ûеҶĿڣ;죬пһ䣺ʦ֣ԽԽʥʿˡһǻƽʥʿ
ʱҶȻȫ½ɫƣͺȼС˹ʥʿһͣƫƫʥʿ滹һϲȱ۵ļһ
ҶƲƲ죬͹ȤԼԴµʱǲ֮ͶЩʽҲһȺȤҶĵһɽկȭѧȥֳֳֻʹһеġ
֮⣬ѩסôãҶҲʹٻ
ԼͲ˵ˣڽ׺Բ֮ҶĽٻ˳ԼĻ챦Ƶ˵ڰ˲㡣
ǵڰ˲Ѷȱȵ׺ָ࣬ҪҶѾע⵽Լڵľֻʣ·ǳǳСһ֣һ㾫ȻޱȵʵĽǿǿҲԽƵ۷塣
Ժأ
Ҷ챦Ҫǰ˲һѪԻãԭоûмɡҶľûһ棬ľôˡ
һǺ޵ػĿ¥󣬽Ǹɵˣϸ˵ԭϵоֻһɹĻ챦
ƾԭ˵ʣҲǷ˺ô󾢲ɡɲɣֻǿ˴ɵżΪնԻ챦дӦֻôŶԡ
뵽ʱҶǸ֮ڵʮ챦ȻΪı̫ϵŴǰĲ֣ȴ֪ԼĻ챦᲻ı仯
˼ȥⲻǸʱѵõ𰸣ҽⶪһԣר
һͲ֪˶ʱգҶÿȻ򵥵תһȦϴһͻѰط
ҲƵӡ
ⳤɾѾ֪˶ʱգһɽ޽˾һ۵СľݱΪ˱ʲô⣬ѡط΢ôһ㣬ѩҲᲨˡ
ͬʱԶһ಻ηϺѡĲ׽Ϊʳ峺׵ĺˮҲԱ֤ˮԴ
⣬סزԶһҶ֣ҲһЩС֮ģ˲ҪΪԼʳġ
ҶŵطǾסԶһɽϣԿԼ޽ļľݣ̣ܿͨע⵽ʱͻֹͣȻɽȥԷ
ΪȻûҪ춼ԶֻѾϰˣ²һʱҲʲô
οԷѾΪӣ˵ҲǸһ˾һʱ䣬ûԼ̫ǲ˵ΪĿȻûԸ
ʦ֣ǽˣ
ҶҡҡͷеΣǻҲ֪ʱܽ㹦Բ֮
˵˴ԼҲƣԼĪûǾ޷ôޱȳԣɾУ
Լ͵ĽпҪࣺأ
ЦЦʦֹȻţǬȻҲĳ
ǬȫǬһ޵ľҶĻ챦ͬһͬʱҲͬһϵƷеĹ
аʽԼһֿԽھŵţͬʱҪĿԽ峹״Ϸš
ʽҲᣬǬҲֻһھŵʹɣʱҲԲԣǬľ׿Դķ
׷ĳɾ͸ߵͬʱҲŹ˾ʲôΣɴ˿ɼһŹжҪ
йΪΣǬ壬˲ûʲôѹأϰ˹һʱպ󶼿磬صȫԴֻƾԵǿĳ
ڶǬ㾳ͲôɵˣѹشǬΪͬǣһҪϰϸĽһ㶼ȴ˫˫ſʼ
һһεˣƾһ˫һЩӲҺˣ˵һ֮ûֶǬѾôҪˡ
Ǭ޼ԭд˵Ĵڣͳϵɵһ㣬Ҷ滹˾һΣ⴫ɵļһһĻ
ҶĹųܹɽ磬ûһΡ
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ҶĻõǬʱﳢԵĽһٻΪʱԼأʦöལĽҲͷŬĽˮƵɾ硣
˸ǲҪҶľԵٻʶԵһ£յõǬĲƪ
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ǬҲҪһȥȻٻָҪĹ鷳Ȼ鷳˵㣬Ҳǲɽܡ
ȥҶľýŹȽȽϺʣԼĿǰ챦ʵ鲻ŹϾɲԭı̬ʲô־ͻᣬѧ;־á
ʳڣԸĽŹΪսͬʱĴҲǵҹǬȽϴ䡣
ҪǣҶľǬǳʺɽɣԳΪɽ书֮һΪĵ׹󶼿ͳǬ
챦ΪĶŹοǬ챦ͻƺ챦İǿκιͻҲǵˡ
һɽɵĹûб߰ģ
ǰûǣʹҪ취ɽɵڶӶӳȻҲҪɽɵĹ⡣ǬҪ󣬵ޱȡ
ͬʱǬİҲҪҪԼʦҲҲ벻Чأ
ĿǰǵһģЩҲʼˣԷ򸾣Ҷĺ֪˾Ȼһֱûд񣬾ôϡͿĹţĽٶȶҪ˶þͿԽǬɡ
ҶĲ²صĹǡðǬ֣ǬĽȻࡣ
ʵҲ࣬˹ǬǷǳ񹦣˵ĹǵҹĵӣȻݡ
ٹ˶ãǬͿˣʱ򻹵ʦҪǬţ
Ϳɲ֪ҶóЩƾָٻģΪҶƾЩС˵书⣬Լĵأ
ҶѰ˼ҪҸԼʦܹУȻһǬľνٻ
ʱеԼȻûϰǬˣҪ鷳ֱԼٻҲˣ
һ·УɽŵĴȻƤ˲֪ѩͷͷ˰װһƬȴǲ֪ʲôʱѩˡ
ⳤɾУѩǷǳձ飬ҲǰһŻأתŵ⵱ͿƮѩգۺͱ˶ëѩ˶ʲô֣ϾҲס˲ˡ
ʦ֣ҪãҲǸĸձֱܣĵҲкôԹǰҲԼãֽǬȻ˳ȥͷ
ҶҲһ㣬ֻȴżãȲ̸ҲǺģ¸ɵǵţԷʵɲοһγȥҪսǲʵһΣεֵס
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ҶĶԴ˲ãǽ֣ӢȴܷƵסȲ˵˵ͲٿؾͲһտɳɵĶҲӶƿصĸһЩ
ԭоˣSͰĳռս˼ʮŽԼȫƿأʰЩ̶̼ͱνǿߵʱ򣬼ɱľ桪ȫͬһΣӳҲԶ
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ͬĻᣬĪɽѧУĪҶĵ׶Ӱ࣬ĪĳɽԼˣջĪĺɽɰһϵѾͷֻǻƵĺɽɳߵһ
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ˣһȭŴһѣ
ǰ㿴һĸߵûʲôرĵطôͷͷ
ܱǸͰһļһǿɣ

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ɽĪ˵״ӣŵӶ壬ҲʺټͽˣԺҪӹеӱΪֻ츳ڵĵһԡ
ҶĶѡҲǱʾͬɽϵȷһȷĵ·ϣǼֹͽ˸ɽһ鷳⣬Ҳûʲô̫ô
ңĻҲˣԼɽƺﵽһʢʱڣƫƫʢ˥ɽǿʢȻǴﵽһɵĶˣ·޷ˣֻҪ½ǻȻ䣿
֮⣬Լܹ꣬ҲɽδһȺӸǶɽɵǿʢǿ¥ת۾ͻ᳹׵Ļ
ҺãңĻ֪Ŀǰɽ˶ĺܣǵյʱ䲻ļ࣬ɽ⣬͸ˡ
ʱҶͻȻ뵽һֵ⣺ΪյʱԼĶûзӦ
ʱ㣬ԼգңԼֻоӦԼʱݶĲȴû͵ģңȴֱˣ͵յȷŹ֣žԼָɵġҶָڤʹʵ˰ɣһ԰ɣ
Ƕ֦ĩڣͰȫȫվԼǰЩȥҲĪҪˡ
ˣļλʦֹˣ
ң룺ʦֵʼԴɣȢӣԴﵽʦľˣ
ҶĲͬ滹ϵڣҶôкǿأȻƾһֱͯӹʼ޷£ԼҲ޷ڶʱͻ󾳽Ȣӣ
ҶҲǰһ̾ⱲӶûյϣˣԺɣҲǴﵽԼǰǸ磬ܻԵһߡȻԼʲôǾˣϧҶȥдԴŹ⻷ˡ
ʦ㵹޲ꡣɽ׵˿ҪŸ̤ˣҲûг׵˼
ң뵽ϲ֪ʿڼȴԼʦڣֵĵ񽭺ϲͶܲŮһЦԺȻ󲿷˶ʧܸա
ʦĹΪˣ
ң룺űҲһ㣡˵⻰ʱԵúǵ⣬ҲȷеʱΪˡ
ҶЦһ䣬룬һ¶ɽҲûʲô󰭣ŷġ
ʦֺʦأҲʹͣϧƽѾ뿪ɽסҲֻ֪ţĽԸڳ٣ҲûܣԶͽܵҶֻ˸¡
ң룺֮ǰǷֱȥλʦ֣ʦΪѾͣͲǰ˵û̫⣬ĺǿڵһ˼Ľ̵Լأ
Ҷһֻ˵һ䣺ľͺãѵƽͷͨƽĶӣûжʣƽĶҪҪɽɣƽ顣
ң룺ʦ֡˵ңȻһ٣ʱʱҶƳ⻰
Ҷһģ˹ɫȻȴҲңģֻһֱ˵޷
ʦֱˣңȥǰʦֵʱţǸѾϤǸʦˣǰˣһλȨصĳ͢ڳһһλȨ
Ҷûʵ̫ϸֻѾףѾǺɽһ֮ˣȻҲܹ⣬ϾĽӳ֮ϣҲҴңĻĽԶɽɻǺչˣͬʱңҲУ˻ûֻܸ̾һʦҲɼҲĪҪ
ң˵ͷû⻰ϾˣǴŽ˽ʦֵƺе㽥ƣԴҶҲû˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
ת˹ϣʦ֣ңһ¾£ʦֹȻһе˵˴ȻվȱȻʦְʦ˵׽ʮƸȫˣֻʮУ
Ҷһ㶣漴˼Ŀ˿ңȫˣζû뵽ǸֱСӾȻܰƷȫΪʮƣʦù
ң˵ͷʦдʱʹһΣ
Ҷæʹƣ
⻰ҪǶ˵̾ͻһӵ亹ֻǼһεƷдʱʹĳң˵ǲСһҶĻһ䣬ңҶһͬ⣬ǿյϽƷһһʩչ˿
ҶļһȻƷԼĹǼдΪӽ⽵ʮƵʵˡ


104 
ҶĿң⼸УȻԲȴҲƳȫ׽ʮƾ㲻ԭ棬ҲѾˡ
ԼԴӻصͿ˲ٹ书ϣһѶѵĽͽ书ޱ͸ˣҶĲԭ˵ĵط޸˹ͬʱҲŲȫ˲ǼƷ
˹Ĳȫе뷨һգȥȡ侫ǽʮ
ңһƷ꣬ͷԼʦʦֲȫǼС
Ҷĵ˵ͷʦʱ㲻ϴãǶһЩضĹȴдԣ⽵ʮϲȫҲ⣡
ң⼸жʲô⣬ʲôң֧֧˵ףҶĲ׹ȻƷȫˣȫǻͻȻһ֣Լֻôúʣ͸ͨ͸ȴġ
ңҲֻǿ˸ţºѯһǹ˵ףҲĺͿʱҶȻ˵
ڼǲչôһܹҶãһ䣬ѾҶĸеˡ
ʦֵĹأ
֪ĳɾͱԼԤϵĻҪãҶҲǷǳģңʲ˵һѣȴûڹΪˡ
ң룺ʦֵĴ޼ҲʲôˣӾùҪ˶þпͻԲ֮
Բֻ֮ܲͣۻԼĹȻĽӽյľ磬һҶҲܲҲƳˣûֻƾţҲŽٰʮĲпܡ
̶ֳȣܵ˥ȴпʧܣҲͳΪһޱƵ
Լͣ彡׳ͬʱǿգпܳɹ뵽ҶͻȻյģ
һңºˣֻһֱ˵ԵͰⶪһԡ
ңҶ»صУͬʱ֮ϸĽһ飬֪ңġ
Դʦ֮մɽоģʦֺʦֲҳԱҾѰ˼ɽߡ
ң뵽Ҳǲ˼ЦЦɽԭ̲סˣҪȥʹʹĳһͨ
ɽ֮ȥǿ˿ʦ֣ھһӣңҲΪһ˲ŷĽԵԸģȻʦֶдĻܵ
ʱʦƺΪĳ࣬ԵӾϣæʦȥ֮̽һ
֮أҶһ㶣ĽΪΪࡣ
ңͷ˵ħҸȼ֮ƣ֮س˲ӣн˵Ӱӡ͢ǱΪںڵıѰʵȥ飬Ѱ˼ҪҪɽɣ£;һˣ
ҶġŶһȻûж˵ʲôˣң˵ȥ
·һ˳·ȥ˿ʦ֣ԲʦڼҴӹĺܿģҾûʦ֣
Ҷĵ˵ͷΪңĶԡƽޣϰ̫ɾ̫ߣѾɼңԶ⽭Ҳһѡ񡪡ƽ书ԱѾ㹻ɽɵӵıҲ˭۵ȥѰ鷳
οƽסϹҲԶƽϹҵˣϹһĶֵϣԲ˵ƽӵδġ
ʦֵ֮󣬵ӾͶ·϶ȥһ·ϵ˲鷳£ҵӷЩ鱳ħ̵Ӱ
ѩֵħ̸߲㾡ʣ֮Ҳڸ·ѾУħأ
ҶĿЦ¼Ұߺֹһˣ뵽ǵһģħˣ
ѩЩ鲢Ը̫࣬ǴҶһ˵ʲô˼ˣֹס˻ͷң˵ȥ
Ȼأ
Ȼ󡭡˳һ·ѯȺ˺͵ħ̵ȷûʲôϵȴʥ̵Ĵ£Ⱥˡ˵˴ңһмͺһȺһһ㣬Ͳǳɴµӣ
⻰һͻȻңļҲ͹ٳһЩϵȻûǸ򣬵ңЩŵȺѳɴ£ôۻס
ҾɱȺһ̳ɱ˸䡭
ң˵ɣҶӦûô򵥣ԼӰ˳Ҳ˲鷳ܱǵ֮һ·һ·һЩŻ˽졣
ȻҲҶĲ²Ĳ࣬ңȻǸħ̸ˣȴһЩ֣һȺҰĵļһȺ׷ңһ·ɱ˶󻹱Ƶң󺣣Ǳĵ֮ϣȺ˸
󣬵ӱһ˴ɽϴ䡭
Ҷ˴ȫǺߣһֵ̧һˣ㲻˵ˣҶˣ
ң棬Լû˵Լʦôȫ֪ˣԼʦô˵Ȼȥɡ
Ҷ˵˳ûˤһʲôŵر֮ǽˣ
ңεףʦȻʦ
˴۾һУô˵׷ɱ˲ûɱ
ң˵ͷԷ˶ڣ书ףҲֻǿűסһɬң̫ͻȻȥʦʦкûᣬҲ֪ʦֺʦεģ
ҶɫҲòÿԼӱ۸ȻеˣֲܻصݶҲû취ָֻԼЩӻȻðң
ģڶʦǿ϶ģ
ȻԼȺͽǲģŵù˲˵ǹԼʦܱ۸ˣ϶ɽң𣡶ԵɽڼãɽȻӲɽȫɳҲǲܵ顣
뵽΢ùЩңҶһԣֻ˵˵Ŀǰɽɵ
ңЩҪȺ˵˵
ҶĴµ˼䣬򵥵ǲҪݶ飬κ𶼲Ҫȥᣬ͵ûô¡
ͬʱҶҲңĿǰĹչǬ̵տʼ˹ѩҲԳϰһ£Ҳƾ轣ʹǬһ֮أ
ҶԼȫؽأȻѪԣȵѪɣԼʵѷҲ޷ֲĵز
ʱͿԴɱȥг𱨳ԹԹ
ڶտʼ˾ͰԭļƻʱҶٴɽ֮ϣĳ
ֻǲһ£Ҷľ͸оԼһ㱣ԺһƵء
ĿĹˣΧԺڰͬʱ೾󺣲ӰƾεҲǲܡ
ּ䣬ͻȻֻͷһһԼĪӰСķ־ͳҶϣ˸Ҷ˫ۣ˫ͫƺ˺Ӧ
ţϵĹâۼһȻ۳һΣҶһƣǵԼֵ棿
Ҷţһ˫ֺʮҶʩһҶǰ˲ã汾ˡ
ʦǡҶ˫ͫ򷽣ʱ϶˫۾Ҳ˼Ϥʱ΢΢һƣͿʵ壬˵ۺ塣
浭ȻһЦƶɮԲţ
Ҷһ浱˵Ҫȥأ뾹Ȼ꣬ղԲšԲžԲ£ЩҴ˵ԲֻΪһõĿʼȴ涼˻ѰԼ
ĪǴʦʲôԸ
ЦЦ˱ˣﻹʲôԸֻҶɣһ򣡡
Ҷ˴ҲЦˣ֮˵ʦŴҶĳãΪһƹȴ֪Ҷĳպʲô԰æģ
˵ֱףȴûò˼˧ĺеһţһ䣺Ҷ֮ͨˣ
󲻵ҶٿڣֱӵƶɮˣΪ˴Ҷһ׷𷨣ֻܷȴҪҶŵˣ
ҶԴΪͷۣŲµˣԼѧһŷ𷨣ȻԺȵת֮ٽԼִԼпҪԼѰؽļΪ鱾㲻ʲôҶĵ˺ôæҲԼûģƫƫԡ
ҶĵǣֻǵҶҲصǣⷨű޳Σȫ⣬ҶΪһһҶžǶǱǶԼˣ
Ҷ߶֮ʲôֻеǸѼ
ǸѼ
˵˾䲻֪ǲЦĻ֮󣬾͵ҶȴûֻǼ˫֮䣬һһѶѵַﲻͣðȻַҶתͣһֱֹɢ
ȵͣ¿ЩַȻҶ˫֮ͫУ˫ͫй⻪ɫâ任ͣͬʱԼҶŵ̴˱ǣڶ
вڶŰɣ
ȴҶŵҷм־ȴҷԵ޷֣
Ҷŷȵָ󣬾ͼȻɢ룬ֻĵǸ˧ĹͷԼͷƮڿУǰҹ㾰󣬾泤˧ƣҲὫŸ
ʱȴû˵ʲôˣֻǱ˫ۣϹŵȻ΢Цŷ𾭣ҶοˣǲǺͨľģʲôħеʱоɼġ
ҶҲǰԾ壬ʲôվڶˣԾʩһ񣬶һ֮ȻɢҲӰ
ʼգ涼û˵ҪҶİʲô飬ֻǳһŷ𷨾ʧˣҶĴҲܲµȻǺйء
ѾҶӰɣ
ͻȻ뵽ܣֱֻŤ¾ûѰתԲŮӣ
Ѱ˼ţͻȻ˫ۣԼɽ֮ϣֻΧѩˮȻڻͬʱƨ滹۲ݣм仨ڽűš
ҶһƣԼԲʮ׵ķΧ㾰󣬶ԼƣȴĿůһ㣬ҫһأͬʱҲԼһֱĽأʱȻˣ
о֮Ҳһϲһԭƽ͵ľҲǰůĸоȻĳĿűߵݻҲ˲ήԶĵطҲҶӰ죬ת˲Ĺ⾰±ѩǣ±׻һƬ
Ҷһ㶣Χı仯ֻе㲻ˬ漴̵Լķ𷨣ſھһ
ϧȴҲʹԼеϢȷĽЩɲ仯
Һ޷𷨣
ֻԼûԵҶһҧгݣԼһֱ˫ۣǲûΪ鼤ǲôܿƵʹ
عҶĻʹһбѩһ򵥵ľԼǰȻ߲ʱ任ȴ⻪ת˫ͫǵЩôģ˫۾΢ÿһЩ


105 ɳ֣
ѧ˷𷨣Ҷĵ˫Ȼɲƿ磬û˵ΣգҲ΢һЩԼ˫۲ˡ
ѩأ
Ĳͬ۾ĶлУʵһָоһ˱۴ԼУһа㶼ȴκεĻ档
˫ۣҶĺúõĹⷬ⣬鲻Խһ⣬ǧѩƮʲôʲôʲô
뵱һӦʫʣԼͽЩ˸һɶˣֻǿ䣬Ҳ벻ΧûˣˬһҲ¡
ɽҶһ·һ·۲Լڵ
ѾɣŻ챦ΧԼĵгһȦʣµλӦþ㹦ˣҶĿʼԼǺ㹦֮Ǹʲô
챦ʮȫ󣬻᲻Ӱ쵽ΪԴأ
ֻĻ챦ദĻ൱ǢԼǬͷȻԭеļû飬Ǽһǣ˭֪ûǹ⻷أϾǲľĲˡ
ô
УҶûþͿһ׳˶İһǺһ¹ȻյǰߣźԼԿһı飬ҵʳǿġ
û뵽߼ȻҶģȻŵĿɿڴһֱҪ¹Ҳѩϡ
ϣһﵹмͣѰԵˣҶʲѰ˼飬ʱע⵽ֻܡ
һ̧ͷͿǸȻ¶һֺõı飬Ȼ󻹽ѾԼǰ¹Լơ
ˣҶָָ¹ԼƳʲô˶ԣͷ˺üȦİܾǱ۸ƽͷա
͵˵ͷȻһֺõӣͬʱеƣѰ˼ҪҪҲȥĻԼҪˡ
ҶľúȤʵҲײֻһˣʱԱҶײţʱҶҲǸ꣬ҪҪǺƤëƤΧԼ׷һȻܸ˱ˣԺǲˬҶİܸһ٣Ǻߡ
ѵһٵİܴӴ˾סҶģסҲԵʱʱʱײŴγԱİܾͼסһ㣺Ⱥֱӵܵļһﲻǣ
ԲŻһײͷܻܿԼֱߵĶȡԼƽѾע⵽ȺϵƤԼͬëƤɲϣԼҲѾ΢˵ǵڿϧĺܡ
֮ܶҶûһϴ磬ڶϽԼˣҶľе㲻˼
ӽָȡһ޷ֶۣ˹ȥ㲻ٶǸһ㲹
ܽӽסҶĹȥͷ¹˼ϣע⵽ͷȻǹ֨졪ͷܲô
ҶĹȥصļȻ԰ܹ˹ָͷܾͺʵĽеĹӵݵҶϣȻۿҶĽǹšֵݻظ۵ͷܵȫעһںȻ۾һЦݡ
Цݡôô죡
ҶҡҡͷͷܵЦ˦˳ȥȻͷۣͷܾȻҶأѩצڷۣȻԼͷԼצĸɸɾģ˵ʵͦɰġ
ͷСĻ
صסҶĽ¹⽻Ѿƹ˷ңҶƣֻغͻûлȥץȥˣ׺Ϳ˹ڰң޽ķᣬŮڷ첹·ҪҲǸңġ
үӿҲ깦ˣ￴ԼŮ˵߷첹·ȻỴ̵̈ĳƤ
ϣ̣
ҶĻүһãȻЦŴϴ֣Ӣȥʱ˳ְҴģʮͷˣһʱҲ䲻ǰıȽϿ࣬æ磬΢һ㣬ֵⶫˣ֣ӢһЩ
»ǰľ̻Լ壬һֱڿƣǲÿˣʵߵ̲еǵ㶾أһһҲ³
ҶЦЦ˳Ҳһ˳ʵ˵ûʲôоҲֻ˳ŪҧŰˣһ֦ûʲô
˾ǿʯͷææµµӰйӱʰʰ̧ȴǿʼңʰ¹Ⲣ׼ˡ
»׿˿пӣʵͦã
Ҷùү˼ϾˣǸϲȶҲүɽɴһֱȥȻһֱ֮
뷨ҶҲйȴôе飬ҪģȻ˵ǿֱӷɾȥЩʿ޹ϸ𣬵ܲһֱȥɣ
磬ǻгɾԶ㣬ôɾ֮أôĶȥ
»̾˿ҲҶ˵ǹڰ״ôɽҲǷˣҶĲϣԼѾ˼ɾ٣Ҫ˶ףɽɻнȡԼʤ֮ĵġ
οεֲɽɵ⣬ѵ˼۸ԼǾֻܲͣãɽɿɲʲôܹɣҶҲһƢʵˡ
˲ҲˣǱ۸ͷϵĻߺߣ
شɣֵɴڷȻ͸ⲻʵû
˫۾Ȳ˵ˣֻʲŵôʱһ˲ĸܹͨ͸Լʵһ̨ףʱ򼴱ԼûѪԣҲĽߴܡĿǰûȷԼ᲻ƴһԻûʲôɱ
غǣҶ׼Ͼɱˣ
⼸У֣ӢȥʱҲһ飬ο֣ӢǰҲزŵԱٵҲΪϤЩյĽӴȺʿ鱨ǺģҶǰôҲн̵֣֮ӢҲܹʵ顣
Դɽɶڳɾ֮кɾͻȻ˵鵽ɽɵϸɽɱǧǰһԶаɣռһ޶һͳΪ־ֻǺ¶ˣϱʱһЩǰΧȲѵ¶
¸ǧ꣬ɽɾȻٴγɳʱɺϣǶ෬̽²ôɽǸɽɣΪľܹɵûɵ־Ըɽɻ÷ֶ֮ķ˶üһҲǡ䵱ȡ
ֻǱײƣ񲻵òٴζɵıӾʿԼŶѾɱ
ˮõĿɹ׵İ
ЩϢ֮˶ǼΪŭֻҶ˭Ҳ׼뿪ɾҲֻš
Ҷ˵ǣҪôȥȥҪЩС󸶳ҵĴۣԣʵҪ飡
ҶĶڷܣѩͻ¸յ޿¶þûҶˣǵҶĺơ
⣬绹볹׵ĽɽɽѧУԼɽȥ׹ΪɽҪȺ˵ΪᵹΪɽ׹ûκа֮ͬɽѧУݻ١
֮
ֹסҪɽѧУȥͷ
ϿƺǶɽҶôʱֻ֮ø̾һᵹǲ˽ǧ꣬ѾһϺ꣡
ʿҪϾɱôȻɫԼ֮˵ķôʿҪԸĿɲɽ⼸ˣʮҶİһ˲š
ȺɲСΪвٽ˾ϵͳõ˲ʵҲܿ졣Ⱥ˵ʵ벻ЩֵۣҪɵӶƴҲǲܵ顣
ԻٸͲȹ̵ĴıȥôûʲôˣʱɽɵҶٳɵǼϼһĴ˵ټˡ
ΪһЩҪԸĽֻɽˣѾԼ˵˳Ҳ֪ɽһֱû˷Ϊȫɶ˾ݶС֪֮ǳǶġ
ʱͻпһ䣺ѹҶβϽݶ
˵ɽɵĸʵֻҶķԼҶĵʦඣ
ͻȻ˲ģɽҲôѶԸȻҶĵʵЩɵ˶ڣҲҶˣҪľǽҶҳ
ϧɵҶоݶݶһãǿԿɾС磬ɵһЩأɲֻɾԼɾ
һԣ̾׹ɽɶȻǶ㵽ĳСˣԲŻһֱҲ
գ
Ƽ䣬ǰͻȻһòʵӰӰһŤ󽥽¶òһ֮ʩ񣺡ǰ
Խ䱸׼ⲻ֮ͳ֣ȴӾȻʶˣһڳΪǰ޲Բ²⣺ĪĳλǱ޵ǰ
ӵĽܣ֪λȻǶɹˣǧһλޣѾȥɽĶΪϤϺУ˿Ϻɹ
ɹϺɹ֮һɾ˼˶ɶȻ֪ڣȴ˿϶͸¶һʱ˵ı鶼е㸴ӡ
ԽȴЩСֻǺ˵ҶСһʱ㲻һͷһҲԴϺɹͨɾֻҪȷҶľһΪ˷֮鷳ʹá
ԶͷϾɾмǶãƲҶڣԣ޲Ŀתӡ
ӵһЦаüƣݱһЩ¼ɾɾɹԼϺɹ⣬ӦɾһΪ޸ɾһΪɾ
޸ס
ֻ־ܲµɾˣϵҶĵʧĵط̾ͿԿ϶ҶǶڳɾС
ʵǶ޸ɾָΣҲ˾ֻƾ֤ݵƲе㲻ףλǰ˵ǷŲãҪǳɾûҵҶģǰ˷˾
ȴҲʲôֻҪλɾĻ鵹Ҳý
ɾʲôϵ
ɾĳֻβ⣿ô˵һӾ
ȴһЦʵϴ˷ȻΣգҪɹĻǺôҲǲ٣ֻҪϺɹһԣ
ɲ⣬ȴ׼ԣֻһ֮ˣȴûע⵽һԵȻͷȴǾⱬ
̲סô


106 ɽ
ɵʵ˵˺Ǹ·ӣеɾһƬΪһµ硣
磬ӳԣͬʱɾеҲӽ硣
Ҫһ㣬ʵףʼļƻһɾһɾϣȻԴСɾΪһ塣
ڼʲô仯˭֪Ǵû˾סϺɹԼҶĿܶڵĳɾ飬˳ںˣô֤ٶһֱæ鲢ǲܵģôҲĿҲ͸ӵġ
ʧܣ
ҲʧɾһпܽɱŵҶĸɵ
Խ˵ҪҶˣʱȴҲ˲ˣϣںܹɹֻǲһͬʱԭĿġ
뵽ĴϵЦȴԽԣ˿ûע⵽ԽĿǲм
ԭʿһһˣɾ˵ǵһɣиֻģȻޣ
бһԽȴû˵ʲôʵҲûоԴǸҶġ
ʵҶĲûʲôøУҲϤҶĻǻأǼΪġ
صĻȥޱȵľᣬȻɹĻû飬ҲζԼԼŮվֻһ˿ƾ軯ɻΪ壬ҷɾ
ȻʵԶԶԼصÿɲʵܹΪ壬ô޷̷㹻õ֮Ҫ˶ҲԽʵľ硣
򵥵˵ؿ徭ԾһΣõشǸˣֻҪŬĽڵͿˣҪԼ塣
ȻҲһţǲֻԪȻԪȥűΪнϴȱѾ˷ˡ
ԽҲǹðȥֻԪԼһԼ֮ʵɱŮȻȵɽ磬ѰæͣӦòѡ
ԼŮȴִܹԸԼ˵Լڶɹǻٴˮ
ǳˮôôҵ˼ǧ꣬ĪҲҪȼǧ겻ɣ
ȴΪ⣺ҲȥѰСߣС࣬Һˣ
ԽһƣҲŮԼΪѣԸΪ˳ȥƴΪʿ֣ʤ㣬ҲΣգһСʲô⣬ǧоһ
µʲôһСޣҺΣ
ͷмְģοڿЩԽıˡ
ɵӣԽҲǰٰߵһ·Ⱥһ϶ԼĶɹ
Ȳ˵ԺΣǶɹԼŮĵطƲܽȺһҸ㣬ɵһǳԶǰһ˳ɹеӳԣҲһֱܼįˡ
ԽԴȴûκȤΪɹѾ㹻ˣʵٶҲûãɹоŮסѡ
ڼį
һʿįͲסôʿʲôǰ;ԣ
뵽ɵýĿתǰԶǸϵʿϣʿö󣬲Ϊȴڳߵġ
ԽϾǼʶ֮Щ˵еҲü˶٣ȻˣȻôƽȴӲԽ˫ۡ
Ҫǣʲоϵʿ˷ǳ۵Ĳǻǻû֣ᷢԽǧ꣬˿ɱȣҲҶʹ˫ܻͫƽ״̬Ҳᷢϸ΢ı仯
ԽȴˣĿɵͣһ˲䣬Ȼܿ˻Ѿе䱸Խܺӣ
ϵʿʲôˣΪüƣȴ˶ĺܣ
»ˣǻɽһû˵ʲôֻԵż˵ûʲô죬ƽ˾òԾؼԵżԲλɽĻʱɫĲÿɵĿҲȽϸӡ
Ǹ˵ƽƽ棬ԽȴһǼɵָоĪ統Ҷ֮һ֮ͶҶøв࣬һֱûʲôԡ
˵ֱȷϢܺӵָо
֮ļ˱Ǹ죬ЩΪޣԽ᲻ȥע׼ȥɫȴ͵һ䣬ƷʲôԾĵطһ
Ȼ仯һ½˵Ŀⶼ˹ǿڵǰǡ
Խɫһ任޺޵ŭһ֣漴תʧ֮У˶Ǹ֣ȴƳλǰʹʲôֶΣֻԼԼܿǰȥ˺η
΢УͻȻǰƺЩֵ飬ϵʿȥƣ԰ҲܱηӦҲһԽһûӰ
˻ƣһżֹһ֮վֱ뿪ˡ
˸ȥ󡢰ٲݰҲȺ뿪ʱֻʣɵˣӿһһȥԼ˵ʱҲԹȴҲûֳֻǵһߣǻܵã
ֻҪܹռƻ£ЩԺ󶼵ɣűеʱȻΪɵһ֡
뵽⴦ЦԽģȴһ䵱Уһĵһ䣺֪Ĵ漴Ϣȥ
ȴ˵粨ϣǱߵҶȴûԤϵǰʵʵĶڳɾС
Žشɣ˼ֵ֮Ҷ뿪˳ɾ׵УһΪ˿ƣҲǳɢɢģҪĳ˵鷳
ڽͷ֮ϣҶһͷĳ˲˵ע⣬Ҳû̫£ͷиԵҲ٣Ҳϡ档οҶųҲѿһЩŮӷ࿴ۣϣҶҲܸӦϧҶı˫ۣäһò˺ĵѯǷҪҶĵ˫ͫýͨ˼Բ¶
ϧЩŮӵĺ⣬ҶĶûᣬֻԹԵĴתͬʱ۲羭ôжı仯
ҺãȻ˼꣬ҶĲû̫صʱѽڵĸоڵԼ볤ɾ֮ǰ࣬ǻ̵ģȴ޷ͣ¼ٱеĽŲ
ɫҴҵˣҶƵ·̬е㲻
һҶĹսһȽϰӵУֻﴩȥȻһֵϿһǳ΢˹ȥ
ء
ҶĲҪתͷƾ˽ԼΧһһҵԴͷһѾõĲ񻰵Ьӣǽ߷ţΧһЩӰ˵˷ǳĲۡ
΢ĽҲע
ߵǺԣΧﲦһ㣬ͬʱһЩס˺ӵﶪһԣҶĿһëԲСԴ̽˳
ֻẹ̀
ֽèץ˳ҶķСè̲һƴСӦǳûọ̃Ǳ˶ˡ
ָŪһ£Сè̷ǳһȻûκζˣҶСèԭء
Ϊʲһ˲䣬ԼȻ֧Сè˼

ѵè˵ȻܣһֻǵèҶϵһֻµСèȻܻ˵ΨһĽ;Լˡ
Ѳ˫۾ˣ޳ͨ
ҶȻã˳ֽĻûȹͱָţȡ˳Ȼһ㣬쵽Сèԡ
СèΡΡ̽ԴȻͷһţ̣ҶͻȻúܿģôЦſСèʱͻȻղŲĸоֻһоģһֿмһĸо
ѵͨ
ɻ֮µҶ˫ۣΧҲûʲôˣҲ±ȥĿֻ˿۵СèϣǵɫëԼ˫Բ۾ͦɰġ
ϣֻ˹è
Сèգһһ̵˫ۿҶѾûţ̵è°ͣͦ˳۵ģʹһȥɣ
˵˴ҶͻȻһǳȤ뷨ɽûȱɽޣҿ㲻ɵĻɽ޺ˣ
Ǻǣ
ҶĵĻ䣬Ա߾ʹһЦҶȴûа㾪ȣֻ˵һزصʲô˼˵ɡ
ҶĵĻ˵գǱƽƽĵطͻȻһŤһŰɫȹŮӳҶԲԶĵط
ҶĲҪתͷ˭ߵŮ꣬ǳСס
һˣ
ʼҶĶڰıԹᣬֻרĶŪеСè䣬СèҲܹɵƾҶĶŪʱʱ˫СצӣҪץסҶĵָ
ҶЦݣͻȻʵιô
ʲô
ָָֻСèһЦӣСһɵĻɽޣ
ҶȴһĵȻģĪҶĳ˵Ц
Ҷһ棬ȴԽ棬ԽĸЦһţʵҲǲӦҲ̫ɾȻҪһֱֻèɽޣ˵ȥ˭Űɣ
ֻܽ鵱ҶһʱҪСèȥʲӻɽޣȻֻһϷ԰ˡ

Сèǻ˶أ
ҶһŮƺûбҪƭԼвˡСèôˣ뷨ǡ˫ͷһ˫΢⻪Ҷľ͸оԼһ֮£ʲôȻˡ
һֻè䣬˫һƣȻܹƵ˫۾Ҷͷһ˫Զ˻ӦֱӾͽҶҪ֪ĶС
⡭
ˣ겻Ҷ˫ʲôҲ˵ҶƺʲôͨпǷŵͨ
ҶһɫͻȻһһҩͳϣһַһҩͻȻһˮҩˮںһˮתĽҩڻ
Ȼһ̧ѾŨΪָ״СˮСèȻҶǰСèĿС
ҶûֹҲûжֻǿˮСè֮ˮеľɢȻֻСèǲҲȫ塣
ΪҪ
һЦȾ;ඣҲͦɰģȱ飡
Ҷüͷһ壬˰Ļ֮⣬ͻȻһֲõĸоо˾ס
ǡڴʱͻȻԳһ˵ӰǧԽӰҲ¶˳
ιСһҰɣһҵ
ҶĿ˿ԽᣬЦʺһ䣺λǰþòˣ
˵ͷҶĵҲΪһ䣺ҶŷȻ
ûԽȴһǶ߲ɫ˫ͫλ߾һͻȻͫȴ֪˵ʦλɮ
Ѱ˼ţȴҶĽСèһȻﻳУȻָһ䣺Щ飬Ͳλǰˣ
Ȼ˻ûüشʱͻȻһ䣺̫ȭͼҶָϽⱬĿ޷ֱӡ⧲¸ü˫ĿһӰ쵽˼˵ĸоæʹֶλסԼ
˶Ϊ̾ͻָ˹ǴʱȴѾҶӰǽһ˲Զݶȥˡ


107 
ҶٶԶǵɱȣʱʹûĽ⣬һɫһת˲ѾûӰӡ
Խһ֮Ҳֻε̾һΪʲҶʹʵЩϣķ߷ǰҲûŪǴֻӰӾεĸ˵ӾȴΨһһ۲ĸй١
ҶһвʱɥʧӾǱĸйҲܵ˸ţſԴݵȥ
һȻ죬ȴҲѰ죬ֻҪһǿˣ
ȻΪԽսȴΪḻƬ̺ͿҶʲһвЩСУ̫ϣֻҪԼһЩһξͲôõЧˡ
Խû˵ʲôֻתͷ꣬ǳһ䣺˭ܳģΪиôô죿
˱죺˼ҿҶҲʲô֮ˣԡ
סڣ
ԽʲŻŻŵ°겻֪ôҪҶһСⷬù
ϾǧټƵҶ鷳ԼŮ򶫺ɹĻûлȥαطǵҶ鷳ȻҲþɱҶҲ޲ܹܳһˡ
ϻضɹȥ׼ٳ
ֺǳԽŰߺߵȥȻվշ˴
վһԣһߣǰҶţȴ֪ʲôԹ
ԽҶľΪʲôԭ˳ͻᲢãƺеè塣
ܲҶѾͷüȥλǰ
ţ˵ĻŪǰҶĳΪһˣеǼˣǲҲκϡ
ȴԽֻ˵һ䣺𣡡
ʵԽҲпЩè壬ǻصĲкϵȷŷǳǿķϢϢҶϵΪơ
ǺȷʲżҶĵ˫֮ǻصȷǱҶ٣õİ˳ɾǶͫ
ԽҲçײ޴֮ˣȻܹеһЩè塣˵ģֻǻһ٣ɾͰͰ͵ĵԼȥȻԼ飬һǹΪ֮ĸо
ֻЩҲжϣҪҶĵһźá
ô˵ǻصȷǱС޻ٵģѵһ٣йͷ֮
뵽Ѱ˼һ£Խ漴ᾶֱȥֻ䵱ʦվԭأ˼Ƶı仯
˵Ҷģ𽣹˲Ͳ֪˶ԶҶĴʱѾͣϿգµɽȫɽɣɽ֮ϡ
ſ˫ۣĿ˫۹⻪ת֮£ǱɾͳҶĵУʱҲע⵽ԷѾԼмСʿŻŵܣҪȥ֪ͨš
ҶҲЩ˵ķӦֱ½䵽ɵУһأкüʿһߺˣôɽ
ЩзɽâҲɵĸֻ֣һȺͨӣȻҶķУֻǱ˫֣ͷһɽҶãųң
ôĿ˵ͼϰԵĺǳǻ˵һ͸оĵۣȻߵ˵˾䣺ʦ֣ɽɣɽɼҧرء
񡭡ɽɣ
⼸Ҷĵ˶ڳɾЩ˶ɽţʱзӦѣǲ˶üɵǸɽɡ
Ҷģ
һǵɫ䣬˶ԾĺһİΧȦ˲ֳ˲ٿ϶
ҶĿЩ˵ķӦЦЦû˵ֻаһôôû
ȷԴҶĽ˳ɾ֮ǲҪɽаҶĸһ޶ĴħͷҲɱ䵽еˣȻûһ³
ⷬǱɽĶüɣԼҶɱĶüϣԵô˵
⵱Ӻһգۼ䵽Ҷǰɡ
ҶţصԵúȣһؾͳҶıȭʩ񣬿Ϳ˿ǽҶĵ˵ˡ
Ѿ쵰öͷ߼麦ԲܱصⷬΪŪȥֻƳһۣȻһŪ˵˾䣺ĺֶΣҶĳЩڸҺ
пһ£ȴһ֮ɫЦŵҶźγԣ
Ҷİ˰֣ĪҪװģˣöͷ߼麦ңҶĳѾ֪ձ˵˵ģ
һаҶжʹֵԼģȴɰڳ׵ӣҶǲʲôˣ
᣿
ҶЦһһ͸ķ־ͳ֮ϣ΢΢ųһ˿â漴һֵĺɫţǷҳͻȴͻ
ؿⶫʱʱһ⣬ͷԼﻳﴧŵǱᾹȻ΢΢ųһ΢׹⣬ǺɫңӦ
ǡ
Ȼ˲ĸоʲôȴɲҿ϶
Ҷȴһ룬ָźڶü֮ϣžȻ֪֮¸ҶĳôҶĳĽۣ
⻰һһжѾ¶ˣа̾һϧⶤͷ߼ǲƪȫԼ꣬źöȱĶͷ߼飬ܽҶĲ״
ȻĶͷ߼飬ҶͱˣҲܻˣ׻ɽկķ࣬Ҳࡣ
Դӵǲƪ֮󣬷Ѿ˼Žⷨ²꣬ͬʱ置¹ƵķŲƪһЩ
Դӵ֮ⷨһɱˣһǱӾʿҶġӾʿĳɹΪԼڽŷ޸ˣҪ֪ӾʿķǾԲš
Ҷĺһ𣿡˵շֹâ͵һʢбĺڲ漴ͽⱦ
˵ҶĵȻͻöͷ߼鰵ԼţչֻƲ⣬βȷ
Դӵ洫ڷ֮󣬽õҶͨŷ˱Լϵġ˳ϵͲ鵽ʱʲôûɵģοղǰ׹⣬ԼҪѰҵġ򡯡
֤ȷ䣬ԼҲٶѰ˼ˣϽⰵºֵļһɵǣȻܹĴ󵨵ڳȥԸԽԼɣֶսأһԱ䣬ʹҶʮҲá
ɫһ任ڲΣֱԵҶŵǺȻѰ
ҽԷҲٱҲйأ˲ܹӹѰղ鵽ͷϡûⶫҶɣҲϣҧҶľһħͷԼҸͷɰˡ

룬طʵҲûô⣬һֱǰɽԼһţɽɵͷɱɸĨˣЩȻҲûˣԴȻĺһɤӣħͷ˵ö֮

Ҷİ״ЦõԼȷ̫ˣΪȺνɼֱȵƦå磬ԼһֱҪЩΪ飬й޴
аħǬ
дͷһɫ뵣ǽؾӦҫ۱ѵĽâͬʱĽԵ÷ǳºͣԼ侹Ȼ͸¶һɱׯϵķϢȴҶͷǷҷ˺Ӧʹһ仯
ҶȻȴ⣬Ӧ˲ǣһ̧ƱƹһۣҫĿ
˳һģһȻƾӦֶ
һҶûκʽֻ˳һƶǾȴǱ仯˵ؾл̺ͬʱЮĽ̫񹦵仯ֻһƣ۾֮ӿɳΪҶһֱ۷塣
ҶһƲõƾ˶˳ǰ壬ƫٶȼ죬ظͷӦִ֮æĳзŵĶͷ߼顣
鱾ʲôϹıԭ涤ͷ߼õǶֻԼƳɽկƷⶫһ֮Ȼų⣬ΧһڵӲԼͬ˺ñâҶһ֮ȴԵôҶĵƻûᣬⱾͱҶδŵƾ˷۳
㾰ظǴ󾪣ȻԼⱦһʲôõķҲʲôԶΪ˱֤ͷ߼鷨ȥⷨҲķѪƵķǳ̡
뵽ҶƬ̶ûмסæ̴ӷͳףȻĴָһ̽ɣ˫һ׶˳
ף
ҶĿƬе㾪ȣǵƾԼ˫˫ͫ⣬ױķ֮󣬾ⲻͨס
ǡڴʱ¡¡ಲڶƬƿյը̳ǽҶıһƬУ˶þˡ
ҲƲö׶ȻԽҶĳԵͷʹԱΪöںĶ⼸ǰſʼһԷס
ÿһƬ϶òͬõֻһ׾Ϳз˶ɵ
ضţ෨ģԼҲֻмˣһҶĻˡ
еǣҶĺˣ
̳ͱըƺ޷ҶĸıԼֻǱըͬʱҶľʹ̳г˳ɱǰļƣȻϵľɢɲؿԳܵ˵ġ
ƴˣ
дޣһҧһŵʹ˿ҵķ
ŷʵϲʲôϡĶ߽ܶƭӶôŷֻǺ˵Ķʵвɶ׷ţҪʱȫΪƴзġ
ֻ˫Ŀоһüļһ⣬ƶһ䣬һָǽǸ˼ôʹõնìȡ˳

һȳͻȻһնìǴͷҶԴҹȥ
ҶļһйƵĻôҶĵؿ֮ǰԼԴܾͻᱻҳ࣬ҶΪ㲻壬Ӳһɱء
һìƵȷ˸еһǰҲһѰʿܹõĳģͬʱһɤҲȷҶĴһ
˶񣿡
ǲڹŻˣ̽һµҶ͵һתֱϾֻͬʱ׼ìƣֱ볤ìһžһһ˦һìȥƾͱᵽһԡ
һ죬һ»ڵϺƾȻȸղ׻ҪֲľҶҲòѡá
˶񣿡


108 Խ
Ϊһìֲ̫ȻȵҶĶܣΧڶǵϲɫ޲кãмţ䣡֮Ĵ󺰣һսѾֳʤһ
ҶȫЩڣڿе嶸ȻһšͬʱѸٵ׹䵽˵ϣͬһʱ䣬һһѵӵղŴŵλû
̳ɢȥô£ֵնìȴһ¿M16ϵвǹղһⲽǹɨ䡣ӵȻҲѰӵõȫǿ˷رͷʿҲһɱҪӵٶȺ̶ֲܼ˵ͷɱһȱ㡣
ŵǹģ
Ҳһ󣬸ҲʶˣΪЩҲǻǴ򶷵ķʽȽϷҶĶڡߡһ塣
Ҳû뵽ɵŵǺ˳Ӧ׼ôȽȽķ
ţֻؽѾӵĲǹһӣһȻͳΪʿǾҪ󷨾ָǳԱһ֧ף˿Ӱʹá
žꡢžͿؾȻʹһ˫ŵַ׶˳
˫ŵַʲôʵһְַҲ书һ֣Ҳ䣬Զַһ˦һһֱȡ֣ױ˷
ҶĸͲ׵ıըƹƺƱ飬ӲӲϣͬʱ˫һգ¡¡ƵǱըȴûбҶӲƸסˡ
ҲҶƷ飬̧ͷʱѾնì˳ϵǾǳìǹ㣬ųâųìһƬƬ糤βĹâ
ЩâȴǺÿѣǲСıǹâɨҶҲܵһЩ˺
нؾ壬ȫǹâӲ
Ƕ˳ìһɨؾǳìϳѤβݺݵĶԺһ£Ҷľͼնìϵߵǹһ˸ͺƵѹ˵ĵһ˸
նìƵȷףҲͨͨķˣȻ˶ԲĶôǿᣬ״ֵ̬ܱ˶ã
˼һתƳ״̬޷ãҶע⵽ųì˫ֲסıѣѾ˲ѪǾ޴ҲǿķͲóɱأѾеܲסļˡ
ȻҲԽԽһ˳ìֱһ㣬ķͣҶҪ֮ȴҶĻּ۶ɵĽɫһһм
ɫҶýؾ۳ıУԭǲֻ࣬۷̶Ȼؽеõġ
ţʵϾǲοԭĳһλ￪ĻаĵĹҶĲֻһεɻ챦ʮ֮ʮ㾢ֱ۳һΣ
û쾢۳⳿ؽȻǵһʹãֻǰʦаˡ
֮⣬аƽϼؽѩ罣Ǻӽ庣ȵȣԺܻѪݻԽԼ潣ȻҶ뵽ֵʱ򣬺ǶѰ˼ԼҪҪĵһ潣
Щл챦ɫ⣬ʵ֮ԵУȻҪһΣǶϵģҲΣʱѵãҶ˳־ͽؽʹ˳
̫ķжţعͣҪ˵ҶҲǲܣֻҪҶͦһӣԼͽܲסⱾʱֱһȥͿԽ
ҶĵСأ˲Ҷģ֪ȥûɱ˶ԷԼˡϣһ󼱴̣ӳìӰʹҶĻӽԱ޷׷Ϯ˳һˣҶ֮ɢȥ
ҶĸоȻһ䣬ٲղǰ˸еѹȣ֪ضȻɢ˶кηԼ
вٳɣּһ˳ȥõǡضӦؾһɫĿֱȡزྱͬʱҶҲһͦг߶صľϸǽⱬԼԼ侹Ȼǵγ˺Ӧ
һתǻط㽣ʹ˳
Źʵ㲻öôҶĻãͶ䵱ȥˣʱóǱȽϺʣ׽һ׿콣ͬʱּǿ׼ȷԣǺųƴ˽²ʹһ㾳磬ȻѲסҶġ
⽣ʹǵǾ;ǰһƬ˸ǸƲκεĳ⻪ɢȥ֮Ҳ˺һŻع
ҲЩһôҶĽ¾û˱ѡ񣬵ûôʱгìһᣬ֮ȻնìȻãص˾ݡ
ìҫۣ͵ըѿһ˳ì˲мÿһмһǹ⣬һƬƬǹһƬתͣذУգۿȥͺһ޴ϵҶĵǰǳƯĽ
ֻڿûȥЩϳֿ˼֣˫ͫҲһƬ⻪ǹеЩ©ҶУһɫ˲ʹƬƬһǹ⣬ֱȡʺ
û뵽ʹֶΣҶĻܹԼǰֻ֮Ҳ֪ӦԣֻʹֶΣæһһǰӣ
ſͻȻһھѪžѪɢȥȻ΢⣬ͬʱԽоԼ࣬ʵһ˲䲻֪˶١
Ҷġɣ
ʵ£֮ɫ͵Ĵһͬʱ˫һȭͷֱӺҶų֣ǱһȭУҶ̼ͻһ̲⡣
ǰ仯Ҷȴţ̶ȣضȻʹʲôƴֶΣı仯Ȼе⣬ҲԤϵУгȥƲ䣬ҶȴȻһתؾƱһУת£˵һȭҶĵֱ۱˹ȥ
ɼˣҶҲоԼһʹֻǲȴƱ˸һһԼûӲһУͬʱϽбǱɫȻһ⽫˶С
Žɢȥ˫֣пһҶѾվǰѾָԭ״ء
Ҷš
ʱƺûܵʲôˣԼѾоڽȥڵҲԷɿٶȲͣɢ
Ҷû˵ֻǿǰ
Ҷţֻһ󣡡һȻóȫ˵λϣҶܹЩһ
ѾٵأҶĵ˵ͷҲǺɱ֮ԼȻ˵ҪɣҲ÷ǵɱ⣬οɸ͵ĲˣűѪӦԼλزǿ֧ţ˾ȥɺҲûʲôˡ
οףԼɵľ׶ʦֵϣɱˣҲǱ˳ԹûбҪȥЩȫ֪ĵ鷳ü౻ɱȫЩһҵġ
ֻҪǲѰ鷳Ҳȥǵ鷳
ܹõĴѾǶԷ御ˣЦŵ˵ͷͻȻըѿ΢Цĳɢ˿С
Ҷ̧ͷѾɢȥأתͷһȺǵӵҶĳЩ˽˶ԹǺ޸ϵҲɱǣѰҶĳ鷳ҶĳҲĴ֮ˣ
˵գ̧һ̤ڵ¥һǾôһ̧֮ҶĵӰʹɵǰʧˡ
ڶǵң㣬Ҳ֪ǺãֻĿǰߵĵȥѰͬǰԼűɱһ¸ǡԺΣȫûͷ
ҶɽϷĸ߿յУƾͫзһУаѰ˼ϢɶٶŻǵǸҪʦܵϵʿѰ鷳ʱѰɵǣ
ȴϵɽ֮϶ѰɣɰͲɱԼΪűԵϢпܻɳһ׷ɱԼ
һһֵĸɵ֣ܱȳȥȻԷһ˾һĺãҶȻʵǿ࣬ҲԷΧŹֶ֮õѡ
Ƭ̣Ҷת׼ȥһսȻûܵʲôˣһ»¡
Ҳû뵽ɾȻȱ̬ţ˲䱬ôֲʵ
ַֻƺɱй·ӲϣʹǸ˷ǳ˵ı仯ҶܹʵȻǿˣȴƲסԼǵ
ҲΪԭҶĲ˳һصһȻֻһҶһüġ̷СĴҪһΪӵڣֱӾͽһϵˡ
ҲΪˣزܹҶ˵仰ﲻƵǿᾢһ˲ͱըɻһңҲס
ĪɱʲôħͷӶõһЩħţ
²ǱȽϿ׵ģҶȴãʹõĲħţصһ˴ڸģʱֻ˵ⷨţҲҪпţһֱãҲǱƼ˲ʹ
Щ飬ҶĶǲõģֻǾǷŷǳǿᡣ
ŵҶһŸղŷ飬һ׼صɾȥԶᰴҶķչʱĳɽеè̸ȡʱòСèַ˻ȥͬʱ΢ʹ˵ֶΣè̼˯
ֱӣ⽥Ũס˵ɭ֣Ŷǰƺûκζĵط˵˾䣺ǰȻܹѰҶĳڣ
䣬ͼԽǧߴԳΣһӵĿҶĺ˵ͷһ˼ǧ꣬ҲеֶΣοСո˶ֳ֣ô󶯾Ѱ㲢ѣ
Ҷ룬ͻȻóһǵԽ͸Լ˵ɱԼһƽţΪ
ԽҡҡͷС߯ҲСͷˣ
Էô˵ҶҲ֪´ˣ˳һŻֽɵĻ㼴˷ĩʵǰ˾Ϊǻأֻǰ֮ӦܹƳûô򵥰ɣ
ϵɿ϶û˵£ȻλǰԸԼ֣ͷľӦÿеè尡
ȴԽ˵ͷûô򵥣СӻǻҲǹΪ֮ͷҲͷӵɣ
Ҷüͷ벻ͷʲôɷǵúԼȥֲ׵
ܷϸ֮
ԽҶģֻ˵ѾΧ󷨣˭ҲҲȥС֪ԵɲȥǾȽҴ˵
˵˴ԽͻȻ˵˾䣺ˣĿǰŽϺɹ볤ɾǳɹˣЩڳɾͬǾ͡


109 ɱ
ԽĻû˵꣬ҶĵɫѾ䣬û뵽Լγôһ£ֻŻûкɳ׿սʱȽһЩ߽߱ǽǵ鷳ǶԷȻѾ׼Լɽɶˡ
ѾʼǸƻ𣿡
˵ʵɵⷬıʵʲôõ飬˵綼Ǻ£ΨһõһǾ޴Ұġ
ҲΪΨһıýЩóôɽɾûзĿܡ
ĿǰǴ˳ưͷڽƻʱ򻹵ҪȸɵɽɾͿԵ֪
ȻɾΣɻ᲻ɷ¶Ҷģļ㣬ɽ˾ôıչУʵѾ˺ôһΣһʱ䣬ȫɱɾɱ
ûϵǣԼûȫ׼ɾѾˣһԼɾС
ĪǵʲôϢ
ԼͷȴԽ˵ˣҶǡɲɾУҲһɺϣͷ˵ɺϵǺʵĽ
⻰ҶеĪˣôԽǸϣ˵ԽҪɱԼĻһжǳɹĿܸôȴǸܣ⽫ԼҪԼôô졣
ͷͿˣ
ܼ˵΢СҶҲٶ룬ڵѾǳˣǾԽסԼԼȥǱıŹ򳤰ɾɱĿǰסеɽˡ
ζɵóѣҶһּ䣬ǰ̳߱ȴǴһʼ׼ȫԸֱӶ򽣾ͷ
ȴ߱һԽȻ΢΢һЦΧ͵ıŨֱֱ࣬۵ĻָƲز
ҶԾţΪּԼͫҲ޷ŨŨŹ֣ҶĲòȫ䱸
ŰںüƣͻȻԷ𣬻ûüת鿴͸оֱȡԼϡҪԾ̻ۣԼϵһ¸񿪣ͬʱһתת֮˳һץֱȡǹ۵һ
ʱתҶĲſԽȻȻҶԣȻƲУֱȴУ֧־ָ£Ĵָʳָ֮£Ȼõȭļơ

ҶıϮû뵽ȻԽˣ²ֳһ϶ȴָ׼һץ֮ƿסԽͿסͷƾϵļɴ
Խ˼ǧ꣬ĿɲǷ͹һ㶼ޣ屾ͱѰʿҪǿҶץȥһȻԽ󣬵ԽȴûҶĿס߰һŤͶ˿ȥȻ˳һС۾ȻһǿᾢֱӽҶһץһԡ
ֱУҲһšҶļ羮Ѩ˳һ֮СһԲ˸ߺҶСﴦ
ҶĿԽ֣ϹҲߣǼǧԣٲУǲԽóʲôҶĶóʵӦԡ
ơȫ潣̫泤ȭơʮƵһһʩչ˳ӣ·ƫÿһжõǡôǿ׼ʱֱһĳõ̫ľ
㾢һһǿԽḻһ۾Ƴ֮ԼԶѰʿǿᣬȴҲӲƴҶһС
οҶһó˻챦еһõõϼȻ𾢣ڶõǱѩأؾۻأ
ǰһһ䣬Ƚľ¹˲ʲôѧȴҲľʲôĺ
Խҽһƣ΢΢һԾȻ׼Ҷ˫͵һģֻžһ죬ҶһǡñԽֱǾλãܿƵƫƣ¡һǰĵϡ
ҶһƾţܵԽһӰ죬ǾȻЩңƽ³÷һƾ£ϾȻһӳұը֮һ磬Χɢ˲١
ԽһƵķ֮˻УȴҶľȻ˳ƶΪȫը֮ǿԤƣԱÿȥελôŨպñɢ¶Խڡ
һע⵽Խ̾òãæһһͷʹһǧ׹ķţ͵䵽˵ϣȻ˳һŨС
Խһͷ˲䣬һɫ⻮ͷƤԽղͣλýȵ֮󣬸ֱӴصĵط֮ǰҲһɫ׷ɱÿԽӦһ²֪³ʲô漴һȻһԡ
ҶƵǶȻһŶǿᣬǧ߶ÿѰɽͱǾ޶ȥˡ
̾һԼûгƽԽеƣͬʱҲϼһӵļɵȻżǧΪǰݣȴͺںɼȷʺϵǰĴ򷨡
ǲһȻڻϵҶΪԶ빥ʹҶֻܺսһֻǱĵȴԽȻз
ԽȴԴݵĶУ׼ᷢΪѸ͵ĹơҲеಶʳ
˵ִȫԽԣȻԷӳٷ֮ٵʵҶأɱбסܷӳʵ
ϧͫûȫգסң
ԥ֮𷨣ҶĶ˫۾˽Ҳ˫۵þԲֻǹȥӡԼ˭˭ôǳΪ˴Լ˫ۣҶЩһֱǾħѪϰԼܹ˫ۡ
ϧûдﵽɵĵزҲٳûսԭ֮һϣԼ۳֮ٶ֣ĻҲԶơ
⻷ΪֻƾԼǰӵ˫۸Ϳ͸еԽǸ֡
һսô򰡣
ֿ£˹Ҷĸɴཫ˫۱ϡȻӾϣǻɴ಻ãֻ£۵ЧӾǿ
۾һϣͻȻ͸одһƿ֮ҶľжϳԽĶҲͷӿٶҴ˴εľԶղһ£ǱŶУȲеĶأֻ⾢ͿҶˡ
ѾлصϵһӣҶĸо͵һ󻢿һۣһ飬һµľȻǿᵽ˳̶ȣҶĸΪɵ
ֱһһ˲䣬ԽͻȻֳҶǰ˫ֲʹȭͬʱ˫ȭҲͬҶĸоĳһƺ纣ˮһ㣬ȴִǿĶأһǰԵƥ׾׾Ӱ죬һȭٶȾȻ͵Ŀ˼֣ҶԭķӦ˰ġ
ءž
ͬͬĽԽ׾һȭʵʵĺҶĵ֮䣬ǶһȭȴҶһģϣʲԽõĲļɽһ䵽˿մ
ȻܴҶĻ۵֨죬ͷ͵һЩҪѪҶĻǿûѪΪʱٵһѪȻԻȥһЩͬʱԼһҲкȥ
ǿʹҶֻԲķһִˣڵһʱ˷
һֱԼϵ޾ȻԽڻҶĵʱüͷһ壬һֲĸоͻȻϮͷ͸оһֹ˿ľԼֱۣ֮̾ˣȴԼֱۺƱסһȻá
סԽҶ̻˫ƣʹ˽ʮе˪һԭҶûɵһƣûʹȻһЩܣΪʱԽʮƵĴᣬʩչ
߻;ϹǽʮƲȫҶֲ˺һܹӳһ֮
һ뽵ʮд󲿷Ǹ;ΪͬȴǸᲢõ˫һȭһƣһһһһᣬᲢȴܷӳĪҶϰϰ̫񹦵仯챦ľΪ㾳硣
ҶһʹʱҪһ·ƷʹҪϼ֡
ֻҶ˪ʹԽæֵúмܣԽ͸оھҴܣһһֵò֡
һҲ׼ԾʱȴҶһ˪ʹõȴ̫仯ǻ챦еİ밵ҲһһǡöӦʱʩչһ޴
Խֻø첲ٴмܣص죬ԽֻоھӻǸѪ
⻹꣬ҶĽһ˪һóõϼԼ׺ǡһһˮɶӦһ·Ʒ
ԽʱѾǾ󼴷ҵľһоȻ޷мܣҶƽʵʵİؿϣ̱һѪ
ˣҶҲ׼ʹ˰֣ؾʹһһǡöӦǬԣĳ󣬽űǺӾ̾һƿлڣǺʵеʵΪϽƵ·ӣʹ
ƾ׷ǰƣͬʱԽϣԽһĽʮԼ챦˸ʵʵȻǱķɳԶͬʱ£˷ԲһƬطɢ˿ȥʹԽ˳ȥҶܹƵ
Ҷһʹ꣬Ҳо󾢷׼˳һȭȴԼȻһͣһȻûиϣζһͣЩӰϵ
ҶסΣһʮ챦ǲף̫ľˣôƣ߾㲻Ҳû˰ɣοɵʹ˱ɱ
żȣת£ҶڻعͬʱղһµһԵٴڿնವһ·ɵԽΧ߸Χ˵УֻҪͷ΢һ̾һĵ³ǿԱġ
ҶԼԽеĵطֻһʹԴӹг֮Ѿб˵ʱˣ㲻壬Լ潻ֵʱҲһȴӲӲ±شһΪԼôɵġ
ϸĻԼΪ˾ܵвƴűöԷԼһƲģôϵûʲô
ָо൱ΥˣҶĲŰָоԺĪҪٸоıȽϺá
ԽǰҶĿڵһȻ΢ЦôڵҶģСޡ⼸Сʹò
ҶĶԽĳûʲôȤֻ֪ΪʲôܺԼȥڿ˵Ѱ鷳Եô


110 ֻ
ԽûлشֻЦ
ЦʲôҶüͷֻ߹ȻԴ⣬Լͣ鷳Ͳ˵Ҫ˵ȻЦ
ԽƳҶĵ뷨ֹסЦ˵ͷǰ޿£ȴû뵽ͷԤϵҪõĶ࣡ðǳã
ҶԽԽԾܾ⻰̫죬вһֹŹֵͷܲͷҪҵŮŰٰҵİɣ
ͷԽ͵СĪҪ£
漴һͿȣѪͣӿ˫۾ҲҲ˵ģ¶ϸͫ
ӣԽ̫أζҪƲסˣܱסò䣬ֻ۾Գԭͣ
㲻һֱ֪ΪʲôѰ鷳ôʵܼ򵥣Խֹס˿ԣ˲ϵѪͷҾ޹򲻴ҲȺνô˼
ʲô˼
ҶľԽĲԾˣʵϸͻȻ˿һӣһƷӳΪ֮˶ʮִҶһƷɢ˿¶һӰ
ɫĳȹմʱҲһƬҰףȻҶľԼڰյֱ˵Խϣ常Ǻοడ
û˵䣬Ѿ޵滨꣬˾͹Խԣ˫ֲΡΡķԽȴԽ˫ۻؿϱҶ˺öƣѾ״
Щûɢȥݺᷭڣɵƻ¸һƤҲƵĳ
Խ֣ΡΡĸһ°ĶǣȴʲôҲûжŮ˵Ҷĵͷֻһ£ϣҶܹӦң
£
ԽһҪɽ쵽ɹȥŮǻ֮ʱҶܹŮһ
Ҷһȴζû뵽ôҪֻԽҪеĪ˸ղŻôҪŮиԼӦˣ
常Ҳǻأҡͷͬ⣬ҪֽԽ常صĳˮѾ࣬ǸϽȥҲ常һ˾ǳȬ
֣ѾһϢԽȻ͵ŭһǻֽ˫ָ˻ȥǻأαס
ֻǿޣﶯҲ
Ҷ˸ţԭԽһֱԼ鷳ȻΪǰ꾹ȻҪϺɹһɹһŮһһոպá
ȴϺɹĻر٣һ¾ֻʣһӣƫ˶ҪõѹԽôԹҪҶ鷳
ҿ˼ܽҪǻزܱԽ˼ǧһֱڵһ죬Ȼʱ̷ǻػôòſٵһ֪ҪʱգԽȻϳȴҲֵܹĵ
ܵ˵µȻǸŮֻܻһԽѰҶ鷳óһڶ
ҿƣԽƺ֮ҪԼѰѣȻԼŮܹʹǻأΪ֪Լţǻصġ
뵽ĻҶͻȻԼڽһεʱ򣬰ԼĪҲԽƵ˼ȴûϵԽ죬̾͸˹ûкͰֱӶ֡
ԸŮ˼άͲһô
йؼҶֻһѪúһŮТϷӲݳ˱ʾ֮Ҳûıʾˡ
֪ԼǱŮ˵ҶҲϾ׼ȥȴԽ͵ԼһģһԼĪƹС͸ŵ⻪Ӵ˳
һĻİ궸Ȼɴ˫ۣͫ׶Ŵ˼֣˵˾䣺常㡭㾹Ȼһڵ
㾰ĻͶһЩ鲹ϰҶҲüͷһ塣
֪粢е˶𵤻ڵ֮ĶҲһ϶ڵķţȴһַſԽһǿ۳ڵֻ۳ڵȴʹãԼҪ˵ʱ򣬽۳һ˵ȥ
ʿôַţֻ޸óţȴҲûʹãΪжԼûаֺôķţǰи˭ʱá
ԽڵǴѾԼ빦ϵˣԽ֮ᣬԶҶ
ڵݵϣԽ˵ǻأȥ֮󣬱ڵɹЩ֮ˡȴԽԽСȵ˵˴ûȻѾûϢ
ȴԽƾһǿ֧ţǹɢȥ֮ҲֵסҶǼƵľûѾһغ
޸ͣŵǿڵȴԼ常µΨһԽûϢФƬ̾Ѿ˳ʧ
Ҷ̾˿ڿе˻ֵֻⲽʵеƣڱ˵ѡҲʲôֻ˵˾䣺αأ׼ȥ
ڰΣҲȥˣֻҪԺѰ鷳Ҳȥ˵鷳
ֻЩɽһջȴ꿪ڵ췢㣬֮ŷ֣ϳڵʱɣ˸˳
Ҷ𵱳һ۾Ƴֻè̵⣬ӵͫԼҪǷèƵ⡣
ǻشڣ常˵ֻҪǻУԻͣͬʱԽЩһһǸŮûн̫ϣÿﶼôţֻΪ⣬˯
Ҷյһμʱԭ֮˯û뵽ȻôԵɡ
Դӵ֪ϺɹĻر֮Ҿע⵽常յĳüǰȴһνı飬һЦ˵ҪѵʱҾ֪常׼öɹĻأ
Ҷ˴ںʵүӹǿᣬãҲһɣ
ҡҡͷ常˲·Ҳһֱ⼸ﲻôҲΪѹƲסˣһǿṦӲһΪؼˮһٽЩ⣬ȴ롭
ҶĲ˵ˣԭ⸸ŮʵСԲŻôҵѡ񡪡ԼһεʹûأԱס
ԴˣҲ˵ʲôҡҡͷ׼ȥ
룬ʱվʹͷҶǰһ·ʱ򣬴ϲͣˮ£Ȼڵ֮ϡ
վҶǰƺҪסҶģ㾰󣬿»κһ˶ſ˫ۣȻοոʧȥ֮˵ĿŮӣҶȴף͵ı
ҶϽⱬȴǽؾȻʹΧЩɢͬʱһ㲻۵Ϲǿ绹ĵɶ
ҪǣʱѪ޴ľƷɵ˰֮ϣ˫ʧȥ˽ֻͫŷǵҹգ漴һĨЦˤ䵽˵ϡ
һжڵʯ֮䣬ӿʼôһ飬ҶĿѾûϢİ꣬Ҳֻǳ̾һ
αأ
ȴԼµû˿Σһ˲ǵĵȷȷҪȡģʵûɡ
бҶԾסڵҶܹĸоڵ̺ĿֲڼıԵֻҪҶĵľ΢һգôһԽⷽԲǧ֮ؾΪƽصıըͻᷢ
ʱҲͷ亹ڵͬʱû챦İؾһĽУձ
ǰղһУҶǰֱԼԽͬһľڵýڵͬʱǰһģҪڵҶϡֻûϵҶľȻô̵ʱ˷ӦһѡܲͬȻӭϽڵץУֹסαըҲ챦ľĶ޵һЩ˾ţڵסˡ
ڰѡҶĲǲ⣬Ͼô˵ԽϵģΪҲ쾭塪ֻҶĲܾܽˡ
ѾıѰ鷳Ҫӽǵţûûˣ
Ұһʵ̫ˣҶһСģʬ޴棬ԪûбĿܣȷ˵ĻǣʱҶļҲԪǿôһֿܶϾˡ
ڵҪıըԽһжҶȻŭסڵͬʱžһָ˰ؿϣڰڱ
˰Ȼûκ˺ۣȴͽϳ࣬һƬĨһˤ˵ϡ
ڵҶ߹ȥ֮ѾûϢİֻܸ꣬̾һܹͶ̥´ڸ˼ңֵͨŮӰɡ
뵽˴оȻһ˫־Ȼʲ˵ϣΪ˫ûĲһŵ˫֮ǡǿűס˵ڵ
ܹʱͻĽҰ֮ϣһĹװŮһڵϣͬʱΧĵϻ˲ѪһĿƣƣԼȥȻһ֣һɮĴ
ҶĴʱͲԼʲôֻǾⲻͣһλɬԴԼѿڶ
ЩһڣȻôĽɫַַԽԽ࣬ЩַȻԼһЩ仯
ʱҶĽĻָһǣԼѾԼʲôȴûκͣͷһֵ뷨һֱ֧ЩΪȥ
˫ڵâ˸ÿһ֮ڵƺС˼֣ΧĽľʹ˼֣͵һ֮ΧķΧ뱬
ȵ⻪ȥһؾȻģҶΧȻһƬգΧȴ˷ͼЩͼҶĲϤȴڵһʱЩͼĺ塣
ֻ֮;۽ֻأ
Ҷ˵һԼõĻһ˵꣬ǰǰȻһ⣬һ޴Բ״ͼǰͣǰ
ʱҶѾԼһУǿԶֻ֮صķҲ˵Լеһ䡮Ըڸ˼ң֮һֱǱڵķֱֻط
Ҷ۲Բ̰ͼİ׹һ˸һֱͣԲȻͣһ˲䣬ֻƬ̣ǵ׹ȻԲ̵С
ϸƣȴϲͼһͶһǰ͵ͼӦǸȽϺõѡҶͷ䣬ͼΧͼȥȻһ֮վǻĽҰ뵱С
ֻʲŲͬǣǰѾû˰ʬ壬ͬʱԼеڵҲѾʧҶֻһѰ˼ʲǸȻԽڵŷģֻôƬ̾ͽһڵ˸ɾ㲻ɴ˿ɼֻأͲҶܹʹ˵ġ
Ϊӳ˱޻ţüŬ


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ҶĽèȡյﻳУȴŸոշһС
ȻԽڵϧȴôҲû̵ΪԼƾԽڵ˹ʩչֻأһнŷ֣ǷƾڵʹóģԼͷмǸӣֻһ͵á
Ҳ˵ۻĹԼûеõֻظһգҶҲЩͷԼ֮ûҲ⣬ûԵ̫ᡣ
Ҫ˵һôûõҲԣΪڵĴ̼ҶĵǷͨ˷ӦֳֻСҪǣҶϸһѰ˼ֻ֣Ҳǿ΢һģԼõʽġ
ΣҪú˼¡
һݣҶļ𽣹ֱ峤ɽȥ뵽ԼʦʦûмӣпѾɵ˿սоһĲҲ֪Լܷ֮ǰصɾ
߸·ɾѩȴңңһȺ֮ͶţȺѩǲʶģȴͷǸйһ֮Եһ¾ɵš
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ɾеҶĺ̽˸ɾȻȴҲޱ޼ʣ涼бߵģֻҪߵһ룬ͻῴһƬǳֲľ󣺿籩ѩǰһ׵λúХԼվĵطȴûаѩ¡΢һ̽ͻǱѩƺǱʲô޷Լڵⷽӡ
ҶĲ²Ⱪѩ綫ԼϺɾһܼڣԼСĴⱩѩеĻҶĵĹȻ˲ͱҲգ۵ĹʧȻֻڿ籩ѩе
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񣬱ӦһƬѩڵĵطȻһƬ󺣣ʵһ죬ƬˮϻƮ飬Ҳ;÷ǳĲ
ͬʱˮɢŨˮɾʼһЩ״ȻһֱƮŵѩͣЪϵƲȴԽԽ񣬴ʱǰգȴһڰ
͵վһƬѩԭ֮ϣɵһȺںߣңңԣ˭ҲûԷ˵ȴͣ
ʦ֣Ⱥ˾ɽеˣҶĲڣȽЩ˾ȥ
˵ӵʦܵɷˣʮɷ
ʵɷһ׷ܹһ˱ʹ޷ƾ׷ɽɷɱˡ
׷ʹޱȣԹҪҲĸߣԼ˵ʦڵʱͽһ׷ɽֱֿ𴫸ԼλӣҲԼɷˣͬʱҲһֱάӾʿķ
ò˵λǰļ׼Ӻ͵ɷȻʦֵܣһͬһ׷ɽ˲ġ
Ӹϣܹͷе㲻һֱڱӾʿӰ֮¡ɷȴ뱱ӾʿãǱӾʿŵùˡ
ЩɷһֱҪΪӾʿ𣬽պòҵɽˣȻûҶģɱĵҲȳһ
˵⹦Ѿʮɷ˳ʮɽڿУƺˣѩһ˷ɽҲ˹䱸ʱ׼֡ȴʮɽʵһʹ
룬֪ԼʦܸԼһ·ˣԼԼҪƿɣʦܵǺͷۣ
ңңָָͣԵɷ˵Ҷĵʦܣű֮ʱҲڳҶĵİףȥʦֱҲǱ裬ʦҪ֣ǵȳ˴ˣ
ɷ˺޵ҧгݣ˵һʦʡģ㼴߳Ⱥɽ˺һ
ʮɽ͡
ʮɽӦʮɷǣ仯򷽣ʩչ仯УѰ˸Ӧֻ˷ǷɽƱΧһ
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ص˵ͷͳ𽣣ԾһӰȻĵɷд˳ֱ˶ĵɷˡ
ɷȴûϵԼһоȻô׵Ķ˹ȥҿὣɱҲһޣƷҪԼɱ
ĵôף
һ飬ӷȡһǹǹɽ˻ʶãӭǹҶĴӱѪһֱ֮͸˹»ףԴҶӭǹҲҶ˵ⶫһƷʲôϡ¡
ӭǹʩչȻǿᣬȴǵɷõĶĪ˻Ǹز¶ʵʹһֺǹ
漴˾ǲ´ˣԭǵɷһǹȡ˸ǹڿУȻһ𾢣ǳǹʱĻһ˳ǹˣֱͺһһ㣬׼ƣವһ̶ֱȥ
ǰ壬ȻһṦһƣȻֻǿ㿪⼫һڵ֮¡һ죬ǹϵȻ𾢾ȻըǿľЩ͸Ʒɳȥ
Ȼô󣿡
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ͳԾǣը֮ըѿ½Ļ滹ûɢǳǹʹӻֳ˳ֱԼɱ
һ̧ܵһãͬʱ˾ڳ֮ϣϱһ磬һѭʹ˳ֻһһȴûз죬Ǹ΢΢һЩ͵ӷ˹ȥ
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Ǹյȴ;ͱӭǹһ̧ͷԼȻʮɽΧ˵С
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ųͰܣԼֻŤͷЩɽҲ᲻ͣĵԼλãɽԼߵǣԼһͻᱩ𽣹ֱɱ
ȴһ㶼ú£¶һ΢ЦУ
ϳһҫۣ͵ıһŹ⻪˲ֱӣȵͷƣⳤһ֮£ȻԼĪһСЩСĻԣƶ任
ǡɽɵ򽣾
ӲǺȷΪûۼ򽣾ֻڶͬ˵˵򽣾ǧɽѵСŵģ
벻ףǱǺһɤӣʦܵսپУֱӼɽ׼ɱɽˡ
ȴû뵽߶죬ɽǱ߶졣
ֲʲôǳѺõĽᣬɽ˸ӦԵľٶʹʽʱѩǽƶʱǧй⽣ʩչ˳
ֻǾǰһѩԾͶ˺öɫĳʽһ޶˶ѩֻһԶģһ㵹ҶĵΪͬˡ
Ѿ򽣾ңֻǸ̾һƽʦпûôƣʦβǶ湦򣡡ͬʱϸ۲ѩԼԼԷȺʿõĹͶԵеķʽ
ѩŪô󶯾Ȼ˵ע⣬һǰٶɫɽԼղˣɽɵ򽣾ʵŪˡ
һתƣʱ͵תֱȡѩѩȴʮɽǵ˫ۣŭһ𣡡
ѩüһ֣һԼһ⻨ڵתĸоǶΪüӡǹ⻪ת˵ĴǰٶལֱһתۣȻ˶ȥѩȳЩµආȻԸ⼸ϵôͷ
ڹЩɽȴΪԼ̫ģôˣȻӦ
Ȼ˼Ҫʩչ˸ԵֶΣ֣Ӣ𾿼һע˾ӣ㵶ɽƾǷɽͻʼ޷һƬг
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Щ˺Ϳ˹һȫ
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˵˹ʵڱų֮£⼸ҶĸһǳԵĹʺϿ˹ʹá
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һбûʲôϡȭҲõģһο˹ѹʱڲͣʹһصķţеĲĲΪͬԵø꣬ȶҲΣգ
׼ʣµķɽƣ˹һ
˫ǰһƣſһ֮бҵıɽڿ˹ʱѾһʱ˵󣬶һ¸ǵһʱ佫ԼѾɵĵչγһϻסˡ
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׸ͣ˹ǼһȻʹôŵˣֱһͺ˵
̳ɢȥ֮˿˹ǰһƬطҲѩҵ澹Ȼеѵģͬʱٵطð̣һֱԶܿѩĵطʱҲڻ״̬һЩѾȫҺ̬Ļˮཱུðݡ
ɽ˶ڻµ֮ȻҲܵһЩȴûд󰭣ͿɾˣҺλɽߴӹǿֶλȴǿ̳裬Сת令˵С
ǿֲĳԼ²û˵ˣͻĵһЩԼڵĺԷһΪۿҶĸ˹ŹģŹ˻ᱬǿĳԼֲĸ֮⣬зɢ
˹Ⲩȭǿ˹ոõʽ
˵ʵҶĶû뵽ԼŪôһؼŹ򼸺û̫ӡֻǵϿֻƬ޷ȷŹ
ȻõŹôûҪ̫ˣ˹ⲨȭŲȭţڸ˹ȻѰ
ֻǿؼмأŹҲʵײһЩԷӳͺ˵
˶ÿ˹Ź򣬵Ϊÿ˹ĲȭһЩӽ˲мܣȴûϵһȫʩչ֮󣬾Ȼô˵
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ȡһȣԷķɽһȣ漴Ƿɽǿһббһ󣬵ǼᶨƵɱ
Լһ¾ȻûнɽȷɣüͷҲһ壬̾ȣǿϮȥŽǷɽббķɵһߡ
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ˣӻǱһΪǹĻһƬƬСɨеʱȻһ޲̼Ͳ֪˶ٱСĹЩƵԼ⻤
䣬һϷʵȴ֪˭
һͷͿͲ֪ʲôʱѾվƶķϣͦгԼ̶ֱ
ԷǱ𽣸Ǳ貵ĳ磬ֻԼǰǱ̵ֱĶԽԽԽԽ󣬾ȻĽ͵ζڵסˣӵоֻʣ޽
Ǿ޽Ļײ֮󷢳һƵ죬ȴ类ô󴸺ݺݵĺؿһֻؿڼһܣѪǷӿֹһ궯ҳͻòܡ
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ΪһδϵɱɽһֲȻ˳гȥôҲû뵽Ȼһ桪ǣԷĵһ֣Ҷĸû¶档
֪ӦðᡢһȺһ
һЩڣһεȷ̫çײ˵һͣȡһкǧֱӶ˳ȥҪƾ˱Ƭ̡
ȴ뷨һַɳͼһԼǼȻӰ
ⷬŪĴʧɫǿһӦԼķĵطͣգۣȷǻۣԼķûӰ
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ʲһкǧѡһǿ׻Ӧľ⽫ȡҲԿľĸ⽫ȡ
ĸ˵ûвȫʱĸ
ϧԼֻܽ⵱УԺƾ⽫ͿǰһķһҾķһ˷ǳƵĴ򷨡
Ҳûбķһ͵˼һкǧ򣬴ʱǸպõˣԼ˫һӣʹһкǧе׻֮ͬʱһ׷ŵһһһһһһҵĹӡ
ȻбﻤҲվ˴ҲҪģʱŵƣ𷨾ԱһŤ
ȴûϵŵɵ;ʱͻȻһ䣬ǰǸڿȻһ٣ںǿȴ͵Ŀ˺üȻžҪ׷ǰһˡ
ͬʱһ֮ŵȻԽԽ֣֮ųһߡ
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ͬʱ˳һۣλɽŵʦгѾָԭСʲǿֲ޽ȻһҲܷųġ
ȴϾʱŵһ䣬ǿžȻǰǿ֮ϣŵȻըһ£֮׻֮õ˶ԷŵȻ˸ӿֲٶȡ
ڿлԲֱӺԼĹĻϡֻˣӼԾҲʲôĻȻղűһеҡҡ׹ƬȻȹһ㣬һкǧȻƲķ
ζû뵽¾ȻһкǧãúõŷһƷһ˲ͽŵ˳
¡¡֮ŵȻǲӰ˸ʵʵҲԲܣͿͷϵȻб࣬ɢĹĻҲ϶ģͿ֪λɵĸֱɽ⼸λΧŴ˼֮Ѿ˼˶ӵľ
ʦܿң
ӼԼ챻ƣֻҲ˲ñˣæתͷҪԼʦܵɷ̡
ȴԼһͷͿղһȭôһĢǸһԼʦܴһţҿǸԼʦԳԿС
ʵֻǿ˹һ治ܹӮµɷˣƫƫԱ߻һСӱĲᣬռ˵鿴ʲôʱܣʲôλûЧֱͳһֱܣͲҪȥϸЩͻһʱԴ
ֲ֮˳ܶڵнԲϣڿ˹ɷս֮׵һʱͳҪΧŹ
Ҳʲô䣬¹ɱȻܰڿһһĴ̨
οûԼҵĳΧŹôû뵽ԼǸʦ徹Ȼôһ־ȻŪһʮ׳ľ޽Ҫϣȴ֪Ǹʲô
תȦ͵Ϯɷ˵ʱйȥƱ𴦵սۻعͷǡüɷָһǱӭǹɵĻ˹ĲȭӲӲһ£¿˹Ǳˡ
ӭǹϵĻȴԽԽ٣ʱ¶Щǹ׿׼ᣬԾգ׼Ǹ˱𵽰յӭǹֱһתһпеȭʵնеһС
һȭƻñУǼɱһУֻʩչе鷳ȻǿҲ࣬ױץƵһСʱʹȴǡôһ˸ʵʵȻ׳ΪǿᾢӭǹֱӱһŸ˵棬˵¡
һ»ǵɷ˶ȥÿɷ˷Ӧ죬æԱһûԼķ̸Դ
ͬʱҲΪôһǿ˹Ѿعֻλط˧һŭϵ͵һģȴǿ׳˼֣ͬʱȼյĻһڲֹ׾ȵǣоȻ͸һϡ
ͻˣ
߶ţͼ˹˫Ⲩɣ֮һ֣˦ʮȭǵɷ޷ܣֻ÷Ӳ
ĺûȻȫע˫Ⱥʹն絶Ⱦ϶µɷˣȴҪϿ˹ֱӽһɵ
ƫڴʱһϵʿͻȻ˵ɷǰһӣһ̫֣ʮȻУھתûꡣÿתһȦǲȭͱ˼֣ʧ
ȻӦ͵ıУô䣬ͷӵֶƵһԼȱϵʵʵץС
ϵʿץס˵ϻûھ͸оһֱȡԼ󣬲ִֻɿƱܹһ΢ԼǾҪǽˡ
תͷȥֻҶϣɫָۣһϹ˸ңңָϵʿҲҪɽΪˣ


113 
£ҶĵĿһֱͣϣϵʿǻͷµɷˣַǱߡ
ӱѾΣָ֣ԼʦܹϧԼʦҲԹ˲ϾÿʱɽɵһӸϵʹԼķͨ͸£űס
͹һҲķһ޲һӺǾȣһб޵Ϊơ
ɽɹһʲô߲ͬкܶż˺Ȼλɽţľ
ֻֻҲкܶ仯
紿աȶеһЩ仯˼ʱ仯ӷ˷ʤ
һȻûǰ㾳磬Ҳӣ֮һϣҪ˵ˣȽϽӽĶټ
վȻɽһˣȻ˵ĹǴܹ֮ͬˣԴʱ˼ֺ֮ɫ
ˣһǲףЩƺתԵĹоֶһЩԱ仯
һһڣҲǴΪȣûϵֻһνԼͱƳ˵ƣǰ
ԭд޼𹦣һ޼ѾȫתΪ𹦾Ǵ޼ڱԼˣʱŹǿᣬԼҪˣҲû⡣
һֱⴿ𹦵һֱҶĸóǬڵĹ˱仯
ֻ仯ҲԣǬʱڴϻ봿ûв˸Բ仯
һȴһ۾˳ǻɽš
ôһĹѾһӻͬʱ䵱ԼɽʼЩ˵صΡ
ƣ΢˵ģǰһӱȭ˷ȣɾҪȺħͷˣ
һüǻشһ䣺˷ϵø»д˾٣ֲ²ɻŽϱˣɵǰ֧Ԯ
ȴҶңңԣ׼Ҷ֮ҶĵҶţ
ʲôֱ˵ɣ
ǺЦЦҶΡ̫ˣ
Ҷüͷһеγԣʲô˼
ϵʿҶ飬֪ҶûԼĻҶŵ˶üҲоݣɡȴ֪кγԹ
Ҷһ㶣漴׹黹йأԶͷ߼͵ϮңĪһܱˣ
һĪ˵ˣǱߵһӺӶһһӸǾжͷ߼飿
ȴǲţֻԣжͷ߼飬ҶŻվڴ˴ںԣҪԼĶаˣ
ҶӣȻŵĶͷ߼飬ҶĳԸˣеġ
ȱ棿һ¾ֻ࣬ǶؾȻöͷ߼ȷеǳĲ˼飺Ҷܹ϶
Ҷ̯˫֣˵Ѿ˵ˣ벻ȴǵ飡
ƵҶ飬˾λҶŲ϶໰ỹƣΪҪǶͷ߼麦㣿ȻɽɻصЩףҲֱ϶ͷ߼ɣңҶοԿ϶ͷ߼ⷨõģ
Ҷļỹǻɣֻý˽£ǱѪ飺ǱѪͽ⼸һֱΪ£ҲһֱڸǱѪṩҶĳɱ˱Ѫ棬ȻΪŭԲŻʹǶͷ߼飡
˲лôһʣ˵ĻҶȥɱҲ㹻ɵģϾڳ˶ôҲܹҶֺ
֪ʲô
죬Ҳ֪˵ˣѰ˼鿴е鷳׼ȥȴҶЦһȵ˵ˣ˵˰ɣ
ָָ̧ӵԼϲҸ㣬ҶĳûʲôϵҪһͳҲǵ飬ȻҶĳΪôˣ
ռȻˣǾһˣ
һֱվһһüͷҲҶţеǵ˴ˡ
ƨɿɽˣλʱҪ¾ɽµӣ浱ɽɺ۸ô
˵겻˻Ӧһ̧֣ҶָϱһϹ⣬ɲǼͳҶΧ
Ҷָһ٣ٶϰգȻֱȡ˶ȥ
˶仯һЩֲ˶ûϵҶĻ˵˵žֱӶ֣ûκηӦοǰѾˣʱͬԮҲһϾڴʱΣ٣ҶٶɵˣٿصļΪ׼
뵱ֻƾ˴Ϊͬ˸ûüӦ˾ͱҶĵķɽ˸ԴֱûϢ
ɷ˷ӦģΪΪߣȺʹ˸Եķס
ֻǵɷ˵ĻǿᣬԱҶĵֱӻ飬ű̴ʺ
ΪϧĻǿᣬǰѾͺͻָļȥվûĻʱΣʱ̸ǱȫʹԼ˸ˮйͨסҶһ
ɼˣҶһ֮£ڳ˾ȻֻʣһˡҶĳ֮죬ᶼûüӦ
䵱ʦѾԣҪĵɷ˾£Ҷȴϵһ㣬һȻסᡣȻûţֻҪԼ֣ɽ̾ͻз
ôƬ̵ĵǵɷֱӱҲǳ̾һ漴־ҶĵĿ⣬ͲôѺˡ
ҶšŴ¾ɣΪ
ЦҶĺʲô¼Цһ˵˼ֻɱңɽɻ֣
᲻ԣʵҲ֪ôشĺãĿǰȷȽϲýͬʱҲ治ܹ˼ɽɡ
ɾǸʲôȻҲõģɰıЩʲôҲ֪һ㣬û뵽ɻһͳ硣
Ҳڣ
ΪһˣҲеɲҲҶҲе㲻Ϊλһ̬ķǳԼӡ
Ҷûж˵ʲôֻǵҪɱңҾɱɱ˺ɱ֮ɱɽȫɣվͿȥɽأ
һû뵽ҶĻ˵ⷬȣͻȻһŽ⣬ֱǴ󺣶ȥ
Ȼ֪ǴͨδѾ볤ɾںΪһϺɹǺУϺɹͨĳڣλҪ嵽ɹȻǳȥܻɽɾС
ҶЦô
һȴҶĶֻ֣ӲŸ𽣹⣬̳һ޽ʹվ˰죬ھΪƽˣ
ͬʱĵҲ׷ӶҪеʱĵһȻԭٲܴȴǻµеһű仯ԵõƮһʹá
ôһ͵ƽɱȫ£ӵĻѾٱֱĵƽһǻĻĻ̾ͱѿҽжûüͱ͵һʳ˻һҡ
һǺôһ޽ʵ޽ȴɲͣСɣɲǵôһô򵥡
һһֱͷϵҲ֮תž͵ĵһֱӴС
һжƬ̼䣬ỹҪҪһ£ȥȴôһѰ˼ӾѾˡ
ȥʵûбҪˣɰл䵱ɲ˵Ҳɾֻǿϧǵɷˣ䵱ɻһ㲻Ϊ˵ĹϵܱҲԷֲɵţһ䵱ɾͳʵϵ䡣
ҲûʲôˣϾüɸɸ־ȥҲǱɽɸɱ˸ûȥֻʣ䵱ɡɽɻǼӰ˵ССˡ
Ψһ鷳Ǿɽˡ
ҶĿ᲻ͣĽĿԼƳһѰ˼䵱ʦЩʲôڿҪҪħͷ
ᱻҶĽ˼ҲգֻǺǺЦЦȻһŵģھûҪ
˵ֵҶĹѾϵʿ֮£ҲûܹӮ㣡
仰һ䵱ͻɽڶ붼һ޷ŵģϾһֱ޵еĴڣϵվȻ˵ⷬ
ȻҶĵʵҲֲֻܿһоͽɸɱ˱ȻûҶϣ˶ףҶɱӣҲǶָ¡
ҶĵûϵὫ˵ôֱף΢е㵡
ʵҶ֮ҲûʲôìܣֻҶ֣ίʵһЩ
籾Ҷ㲻ҡҲ㣬֮Ҳвٶû˭õ˼ȻìһѣϻǺͺġ
ҶһֱӾɣ·ʽ֪ж˸еɵҲԼ䵱ɻ᲻Ϊһ
֪ǼɻᱻɽɸɵҲе鷳Եɣ˭ܱ֤Լ䵱¾ûи۵Ĵӣȥɽɵ鷳ֽỤţԺأ
ɲϣԼҲȥ֮Լഴ䵱ɾͳΪһ両ƣڽ֮жɽҲĶɵˡ
ҶĵĹٶȿеףҲֱº֣ĿǰѡѾΪ˲ܵ顣
ȴҲῴһܡ
ҶĹٶ֮죬ɾ;ݶΪɽҲǺܿͻ뿪磿
ȻֻһζΣҲһõѡҪҶģ֪ҶԺҪô죿
Ҷûϵ⣬е㵣ȻǺȥ
ŶΪ˷
˵ʵҶĻû⣬Ѿ˽صľ磬ԼΪҲѾᴦһˮƽ⣬úúÿǿˡ
ɣ
ʵҶĲôѰ˼Ƿ飬Ͼǰ֮󣬾;ΪϰߣΪԾֻŮˣǶ
Ÿոռ˼뿪ôƣоͺͺòž۵ˣҪȷһҸ˸еǼûؼĻᡣ
˵ģһǼ꼸Ĺȷ֮أҲС˵һ˱չأ۾ǰ֮ˣ
Ҳ˵ԷȥŪþЩʦʲô˵ˣҶڲȷȺ˶ȥʱʵ
ҲĽѾɣȴżٻѪԵԭ֮һϾƾѾԺ磬ȫûбҪһζ׷
Ҳǲ³Ҷĵ뷨׳һǳҶĶĽ飺ҵһӣҶȫһɽ磡


114 Īķ
˵ʵҶĶ仰ǲôŵģ
а취һɶɽ磬ôֺαػŵֱӴ䵱ȫ˲ͺˣϾЩʿһֱΪ˷˵ɽȥпڼͻΪһҡ
ˣҶĿԵóۣҪôƭҪô˵Ǹŷǳȱݣ˸Ͳȥԡ
ҶĵĻӦǺ飬ҲĵģֱӾ͵ⷨʵΪ鷳ΣղͣҶǾݶ
ֺ;ݶʲôϵ
ЦݶȴҪǳ֧ţܿؼʱ⣬¡
ɢ
ҶĵһȻˣⷨӵȷźܴȱ
ỹûнǷϸ˵ҶҲûȥȤˣȫ׵ķӣҸϣѡ׵ķʽǸ磬ȻѰɾȥ
ҲûϵҶľȻԵֵסջ˵ױϾҶȺʿȫͲһ·ˣ˼Ҳŷǳ޴Ĳࡣ
Ϊִŵһ㣬ڵҶ˵޷ĴڡͲȥɽʲôã
մԽʱźȿͷһϵеıʵΪɽɵܶߵһ
ˣûĶӲʺ˵棬ֿʼѰ˼βܵõһȶ
Ѱ˺ǾסɾʦܺңֶӶгԼ˼µӣڻʵû뿪ɡϴջǱݶӲ߳ģҲ顣
οѾԼһȺ˵ٶߴǧ꣬бҪִŵȥ
ȫûУ
Ҷ˵ջȻУȴޣŷǳΣ֮ûбҪˡ
ȺһҪƾȥҪʵֱӻὫԼİɣȫûҪԼ˵Щϻ
֮鷢չ̶ֳȣֻ֮ܲһӵ˾˳ȥҶȥ֮þݶϺɹ©޲á
һɽɳרĵһԼС
䵱ɺͻɽȥŸɣµǸСϲһµıȽϴģʺʿ硣
ʮһӽСµϳһµ磬ͬʱҲ뵺ԼŷһЩʵ˳ͻΪСʱ֣ЩطҲС磬˫һսԻʿǵʤա
һսʹĳȻΪĵɫʼĳΪ׽ͨõ
ΪһЩҶĶ֪ҲûȤȥڳϾ֮ɽ˹ŷǳƽ
ÿʰʰȻ԰ͻῪʼһֱٳȻϷ߿ӰʲôģͿԸԻȥϴϴ˯ˡ
Ⱥ˵ʣһֱ˯ҲνɱǰϰߣԺ˯һûз
ȻչصʱҪۣ˵ˣҶĳȽҪĵطʱ򣬾һڴᶯһ¡
һΣҲһͬǣҶһ˰֮ãµҲû˼
ǿҶֻܿһɢܰѪɫڣŨĺɫΧһضȾѪ
ǣⷽѪɫȴ˾öԼ־壬һֲ̺Уͣɢ
ѪŹԭʽһΪаţ˾ѪѪľȻԼĹ
һ֡
һ֣ҶķʽʱҶֻԼĪָ״СѪɫ쾧ѪԵˮҶĽһˮʹѪԳˡ
ԭѪǰ˲㾢ΪͬһʼײжϣΪѪĵһǽѪע쾧֮ڣ쾧Ѫͻߣ̵쾧ǾԲֵģֹ
ǲСɿ֣ôƾ쾧άһߺܾܿʹһغȶûľȣҶĵĹѾǿᵽƽľ磬Ҳ޷ѪҺյ±ס
ΪԴӿʼѪ֮ҶľһֱסԶɽû뿪Ҷĸ߹Լڣͬʱʱʱ鿴һ´ҶΪʲôء
ȥҲ֪ʲôʱǸͷ
ҶȻûֻۣһֱΧȴ˽һԼǸ쾧һʼʱСĺ֮ܿ⣬һʱСԽԽԼѪȻѾ˴룬Ҷȴ쾧Ĳ֣ҪһֱȵŻԼѪ뵽Լڡ
ֻѪԻɣȴɵӡ
쾧ĴСҶĴͣȻ´ټȴһָоǲܹһɣҲԼΪҲֹڴˣ
ָоеĪҶȴ׵ԼЦֻһֱһֱ쾧ɵСȴҲ޷Сһˡ
ҶѾڵת˼£ԼĹƺԽѪһɡ
ѵµĹɲ㣿
²⣬̾һǵ㾫վסˣڴʱʹãҲʣ
һһֱڵеЩ˲ͱеѪɣһֱӵѪԾ̱ǿʢ˲٣Ҷÿתķһ־ѪԾԽ׳ҲǿҶڸоǼҪоѪ֮Խǿʢ
˺ٶȾȻֱ׷ոһֻһ֮䣬ʼղʧ쾧ڲ̺ѪԾԼѪһ뵽Լڡ
˫ۣȻ͸¶һѪ⣬ҶһһֱԵѪɫ˳ƴҶĵĿڱڡ
ȵʱȴֻ³һЩѰİɫΪ̫͵ĹϵųֵĹ
ڽѪˣ
ѪһɣҶľͲٿǼˣΪоѪһ֮ԼԼԼ䴥Ƿľ磬Լٽһô벻ܡ
ҪģǾľĽ̵ԼЩӣȻ˳㽫ǾݶȵԺʱ֮ԼֱӽеɽȫŪ
Զᰴ˵ԸȥչҶ߸ոռƻ׵
Ҷĵָ֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬾Ȼ͵һ⻪ȻҶ޷Ƶ¿ʼȡҶһҶƵʱֱһ쾧
Ī棿
ͷ쾧Ȼ˺һֱתǵҶһģȻǿ㲻Ǻôôûڲˣ
ϧҶô޷ֹУѪвͬǣľֻҶһת֮㼴ƽ쾧ôͣҶĵĵ֮УҶô飬ûа㶯
⡭ë
ΪԼƽɣȻٴαȷȴûϵȻ·תԸͰ˯ŵһô޷
Īǡ㹦򻹵ÿԼ򣿡
ȥֻܵóôһۣһֱҪԵĹǳִҶûϵ챦󣬾Ȼôһ֡
ųɵһķȻһ㣬쾧֣ҲǹǿȴΪ޷İ޷ʹá
ʲô¶
ƵĴӶгſڶڵİܻ˻֣ͷļһڿԻԼ˯ȥˣȻһ˷ܵĺԼְװ׵ĴܣҶüͷصס
ػȻһ֣ҲҶγرֳ˼飬ҪҪԼʦֹ˶١
ѩֻЦһʦֵ죬ŲҶĵ裬ؿѾ˯˹ȥң˦ӻڴسԡ
һҲҶĵüͷչ˿ôʲôйĿҲˣʲôȥҲˡ
뷨Ҷĺ泩Ļָԭƽǽһ֮Ҳûǰ뷨ˡ
⡭ܵˣ
һ޼ʵĲԭԶƺĸɽԼľӦòƾĿҲֻԼԼĿôһ㶫
ͷƣҲһ޼ʵĲԭղԼǴһ߳ģôأ
ղšʲôֵô
һȺڳɾƽƽʮ꣬һͻȻıһȥߣĴתת˳㵱ҰӪ֮ģͷһ¹ĺƽһͻȻ˱ѩȻ߾Ȼڱѩ޷ҶͻȻðһͷ־ͻӳһǰķѩһΪԼԶƺûзѩôһ·Žһ·ǰУžȻߵⲻ֪ĵطˡ
벻ףǻ²ȷ˵˾䣺үղýѩ֮Ǿһֱǰߣûʲôֵ飡
קקϵĺƤΧеȣ֣ƺȽůͣ
ɾг궼Ǳѩһ㣬ʿǽȥҲú䣬ֻóɾëƤ·ܵصϺ϶Ƶ·Żһ仰вŷ¶ȿҪȳɾůͶˣǽϵް⿪Ҳֿอĺ֮ˡ
˽ް£ȻվüҶģһʱҲòʲô𰸣Ĵһ죬߿ֻͷڵװİܡͷҲһܳˣͻȻ仯£ԵĸеӦ
Ѿʮ꣬ȴʼûгҲһƴССè֪Ūһ֧ôҶڸͷװİȷ硣
ӷƣҪǸһˣȰɣ
ӷƣҶĸֻСèֵ֣õ˵Ŀ顪ͣڳУҶľֻͻôֻè
СèӷתͷͣȻֽԴת˻ȥȫû
١è
ͱһֻСèͦ˼飬ͻȻҶĵһˣԭɽ磡

һתͷȻҶһ޷ŵģѩǴʾɣⲻܰɣȥξȻܵɾȥЩͷ޷ʿȥǲѪ
ҶȴҺȥΨһÿ׵Ŀܾʲһǣڵ澢˵ƿռ䣬ý˿ռ䣬ǲŴӳɾɾС
˶һʱҲ벻ʲô׵ɣƫڴʱ˿Զһ׷һŷԼ˳˼ҶһȺ˺̴󺰣ļɵͬ
Ҷĵ仰֮󣬵һʱԴĻȴǣɣѵɽ磿


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001 ڵꣿ
ǰɽҶͻȻһҪ󷢸пĳ嶯ֻվĽҰ֮УпҲû
ǰ˼ܷУֻѾƾǿĿƵǰɽһС꣬ģ򣬵ȴžơӣСȿԵʱЪųԷСƵ꣬ҲԵס޵Ŀջ
ǰ˼ҶĿǰŪ׵ľԼʲôطȻŷһĶ
طûϸһûȥĵطĺء
ҶĻᷢĸпȫΪĿǰ粢Ǹɽ磬Ƕе磬ȴǾʮڿԴµĽǾݶΪãⶦе磬ԼҲɽˡ
뵽ҶƻģǽһҪǽУԼЩͽǶɽȥҲܹϡͬʱҲԲԼʦõ룬ɽԲ
ɽ磬ʵҶĶɽ˽ޣȻѾɽʮ꣬ɽкѽӴˣĴ඼һЩɽġˡ
Լ˸ոȥɽʱǸһ˾ȻûܹΪǸ֮Ȼ˵ԣһһ͵Ϯֱӹˣ
ʱľ󿴵ҶһƣаͣNPCòְʲôϢûؾ˱㵱
ȻΣȺһԲ࣬Ҫ£ȺȻɽˣʵҲ㲻϶ǿҶĺʰ˸ɾ䣬˳ƻץ˸һ´µ
ϧҲֻ֪ƤëҶĵ˳֪ԼǴڶ޵ļش߾ͳ˶һ֮⣬ʲôҲ֪ˡ
ڴ˿ʳ˸г˱㰴˵ָѰһ򣬽Ӵͨƽ񡪡뵱ͨûʲôǿһЩ
ЩҲҪԺҲҪΪ׬ǮڣҲΪһЩƤë¶ࡪһûãҶľͿվڽֱΪһļ۸ûꡣ
ôоص˶һ
ʼʱҶҲɹǲ˲СֱǾݶյȥˣǺһѯʲȷȷǾݶΪԼԼ˵ʲôͥ
ץӺ˹ҶһЩͥ飬ȷͥĴڣֻѰ˿һҲͥˡЩʱʱҲЩ񼣣Ҳв˼ɣഫ֮£ðǿ϶ͥĴڵġ
˵Ҷʱ֮˺ʲôɼɣѯһ£õĴȴǣͥһЩɼҲд֮ˣֻͥʱʱ¶ǸǿģǶֶΣܶ˼ˣҲ޷
λһ㡭ϣڶෲվһ˭ɼˣӲ֪Ҷһ˵·ȻҶĺܶеֻ֣һȺɽˣҲûѰ˼
ҶһЩ̽̽νĶ޾ЩɣϧõϢȴֻĳĳɽϴ˵˾סΪȷϢ֪ҲʲʲôõĶҶľͽһˡ
ǸϸNPCڿˣ
ôĪһ仰Ҷ˽ʧ˵ߵУֱع֮ȷԼû͵ææ˴˴
ΪϢǳϡ٣ҸûʲôõĶҶĵҲȷԼ˵ʵǷɽ㣬׼̽̽ڼپ
һʮ꣬Ҫ˵ɽһաһü͹ȥˣʱҶ˵Խû壬ʱȫûκκۼԽĹ֮⣬˶ûʲô仯
Ҳˣʮ֮û˱ϣͿŮӽɽŨԽţҲԽңȤǿеıңкøУҶĲֹһεĻӽŵ˴ӡ
ͬʱʮңĹҲǴоõδûԸǰָǰġ׳˶ġȻΪź˺һӣȴڶһ
֣ӢĻߴ壺Һʦûнһɵ󣡡
ȻЩС£˵ȽҪ飬ҶľʮĲͣ˾ݶ
Ҷ˾ݶһҪ飬취ԼĵǶ
ǵҶҪֱӴʹݶ³ʱ򣬷ûô򵥣ΪݶȻûκηӦҶȴԼԼԼӦ
뽫˴ɽҪ붦罫Ҳ˾ݶ֮һôҶĲںͷŪ׵飬ݶͻҶĵнôС
˵ˣõ˾ݶܻ˵飬Ҷĸõʹ
Ļʦһͬǰȥɣ
Ҷεҡҡͷ˶ݲ³֮ˣĪֻҪ޵ɾ֮ϣͻᱻݶԶ߳ôܻǽȥ
ףҶܽȥΪ˶ѾϿҶĵݣԲſɽҪȥֻݶļų⡣
İɣò˶ãҽȥҲѰһǼλӣȻٵɽζӳ˵˴ҶͻȻһЦһ˳ǾҲһˡ
Ծǲ⣬ЩһֱסԼĪʮɽϣֻڰɽѰ˸طһЩľݾͶԸŹô꣬˶ѾôãھסҪ󶼽࣬ȹʼĲӦ֮󣬵Ҳĺ
ҲǹһֱôǴҶ֪Լ˶ɽȫȱ˽⣬̽ôãҲǶ⼫֮ص΢˽ЩⶫޱҪĴĶ࣬ȻҲǲҵҴԭ棬ʮﵽ̽ȻһֱƱ߾һĵطţɼν޾ô
֮⣬ϲֵҲĵط̽һֳֻ˹Ĳԭ֮Ⱥɽɽһ޼ʵĸںɳĮһ·ϼƲʲộúȤ۷˻
֮Χûʲô˽⣬˽Ҳ˾ȥ򡪡˵Ƕߵӡ
ҶĵյϢȷԼҪн˶ӳ֮ҶֱӾָʾ˻¸ҶĻͬʱҲǼ޵⣬ȡԼʱ֮⣬˷ɢȥǸʲôҵһˡ
ôãҶһȺ˾Ȼһ˶ûܲɽûһ˰ɣ˵е˶֮ͥУ
Ҷ벻ͥžһƵСĴڣˣͷ¸ҪȥʶС
ʵڲУѰǣҪҺˣ
ԼеǷܳɣŵվͻǰΧۣЩҲסġ
ĿģҶĽµĲҲ˼֣ݲҶƫƫҶĲȴûаԵҶСǰſǰһ͵СȻûвҶӲŽСѹ
СĶȴҲҶ۾΢΢һУΪһһԾͬʱȥӦҪαУҲһǸ֮ˡ
һ֮ĽҰĵطСҵйŹ֣
̧ͷһѾãֶƲˣֻԼԼĿջ֡
ϣ͹ٲ˼С˯Ժˣûɣ
Ҷ̧ͷңСк½ĿתϡʱҶȻûг˫ͫĪﻹһָӰ˵Ķװ˲٣硪۾
ԴʱҶ˫ۿ볣죬ֻҪ˫̺߲ͫ⻪;Բ˲״
СһڵӣҶĻ˻֣һ޷
͹٣ǳԷסꣿ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿ɫ̫Ȼ䣬ؼ佥Ⱦһ֮ɫԼҪ飬Ӧһס꣬ȸ׼㷹ˡⶼʲô
СһҶߣȻһǰ͹ţȥԸ˰ѿͷʰƲʲôɿڵ£
ûУֵĲ˺ˣһһأ
ϣӦ֮˳ƾʵҪ²˵ľˮ
ҶЦĵСӵǻ˵ҪҪˮҪ²֣ѰˣҲ᲻ԾΪɳԲδ̫ɣһҲá
ʲôþˮģû飬С˵ʱҶȴͻȻһֱվڹ̨Ǹͷ˵ļһԼۣͬʱĸҲԼ
٣˼ˣĪײ˺ڵꣿ
ҶĽշԸ֮ԼѰ˸صɽͽݶųʹӶе֪ķ硣
ֻϾԼ಻֪䵽ʲôطŻ뵽ҸطЪųԷԼһԼںδɽֽǸʲôô֡
Ͼ֮ǰѾɽʮ꣬ϵڳɾҲʮ꣬ôʮ⾰ͰͬʱţԼյʱҲʮ࣬ȴһбҪġ
ҪǣλҪȥѰƽĽԵȼѾ뿪ɽⶨӵĵӣȥʲôطЩˣ
ֻûϵԼ˼ҿ͵ꡪǻصһƵĿ͵꣬ȻһҺڵꡣ
Ѱ˼ţСѾ˻϶һˮԼһСˮ͹ȺţѾʼŪˣԺϣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷͷ˿ǰˮ
Ѱ£˶ɻǱˮϾⶫҩҶֻһ֮¾ͷ֣Ǿˮûа⣬۵Ļͷ
Ȥҿ͵ϰ嵹ҲǴˣ
ĽͣĸǾḻǾˮͲҺȣھҩڵǿ˲þ͵ñơ
µ
ҶЦһ漴͸ԼһһСƺһյĹûкȹ⣬ں˶Լͬİһ治ǸүǣȾƺȵô
иŰӣֻһСӵĺĵҿƤ۵ģǸŮװĴƶɣ
˻һղкҶĵСҲһ漴ʲû̫ע⣬ȻӲȷм֮
û˵꣬һֱûڵǸŮ˵Ǹˣ
һڣ˶˵ˣСƥϰ˵ˣǾǸˡϰҿƤ಻ҪҪãȻٸʰޣ
ŮЦ£ҿôʣ
˲˵ֻǺٺټЦͣŮȴҲգֻһ˶ͷһƣϽɻȥ޿öԸŻԳʰˣ
˵̨꣬Ѿõ˶ϣú󱳶ǰ棬ŤǿԻ۵ˮһεҶԡ


002 һǰ
ҶĿŮһʱ̾һ㶣ղǷԻԴͻȻһ⡣
ⳡôô찡
ôһɣŮѾҶԱߣϵӲ˰Ҷǰ󣬻ֽҶĵľƱϣ͹Ǵ׼ȥﰡ
һûסҶѿһ䣺ȥȥϸЩ˸ڣÿſӣžѹ
һ仰ֱӰŮ˵ˣ仰һĹӸ˵ĳĻǸʲôϺСĪλɮĵӣ
룬ЩӸƺȽϲооߵѧ˵ⷬҲֻ̫֣Ϊʶ٣һʱȻ벻ӦζӦֻøЦȻܵҿջϰΪ϶Ա˶
ۣ
Լһ˵˻žˮεҶ仰ֱһڣȻ󻹱Ǻһ£Ӧ죬һھƶŮϣûմǰĲϡҲ׼¿ˡ
ΪŮ˵ʵ̫뺷뺷˵ԭϾʲô
˳ִӻͳΪⷬǱͲʵĶԽ󳨿ЩǴһɫĻԲͳôһ϶΢¶һ㣬ǡýҶĿ˸š
ҲŮǲǹģͺĽֲȹһã¶һСȳƵĴҶĿԿ϶Ůǹ˵ˡ
٣˼ƣ
Ҷĵʮ꣬ȥ˼ʮ꣬Īĵɽ֮Ǳľʮ꣬Ĳ˵Ѿ൱ľ磬Ī˵ŮԼǰɦŪˣ¶ظɶģѹ˱ԼҲһֱӷκλӦȻøȥ
Ȼⲻ˵ɫУʵŮɫҲǲףɽҰ֮䣬ƽ˼ҰԵζ˫ŵĵ۾ҲǱз顪ôõطôһŮϰڵݼǰ;ĹֱԲô׼á
Ů˾£Ȼ˫˫ֱĴҶģ̺˼ô㣬˿ûаε˼ȻǵɱҲûιҶĿƵһ
һ﷢ҶֻǺȾƣǰĲ˾ȻһûһˮܲɾͿⶫء
ôȾƣĪ˲ζ
ҶЦֻǺȾƣ
˵ֻǸĹӸ磬ǲıȽϲھû˳ԵȤûʲôôȡһ˫ӣ˿ŻС磬ȾƿŶ
˵ž͵ݵҶߣȻ󿴵ҶĽҧųһȥҶһֱ֣ӰסֱȻĴָһ
СӳﶹŻΪǸʵˣԭҲǸ
Ȼôţȴ¶һƬЦݣҶִս˼֣ȴһ䣺ϣСʲô
ҶİбһװװȴЩҪ˵˵
ֻǱԼסˣе֮仹͵͵ӵ˱Ȼ˸񣺻ÿҵİɣ
Ȼ󿴵´ĴָװʲôҲûеҶģ֪˵ķ飿
Ҷ뿪ڣͻȻоԼĴʲôһͷͿŮ˵һ֧־Ȼ֪ʲôʱѾ棺ȥ㹻İ
Ȼ˼ҶôˣҶҲûҪװһֱӽŮ˹ȻԼϴһ˳Ĺһھƣ˵ϲּİɣ
Ҷ⶯̫٣ûзӦûʲôףԱŵľһƬ̾ͻع˳ƾҶһϲּʲô
϶С͵ÿڻ˵һЩʿܵĻϵһƵѪ
Ҫѩ˰ɡ
һûʼѰ˼ҪҪİСӳˣȻСҲǸʵˣƤȷԼôȴûоӦеķӦвֹĪǸJǹͷ
ͬʱشҶĵСͿ˲ɣѩأ
ţֻһ䣬Ҷо˸ףĪԼϷĻԺֱɾͺˣѰʾͺáεķҲ±Ƽֻš
֮ϣ¹ѩСĪǴӱģ
ǰҶЦӦ£ͬʱָԼһơڱסš
ǡȡ˼ȻһιҶ԰ɳ԰ɣԵ˯̤ʵ
ȴҶĸͲںιԼ͸ҳԣ˵ôһԼҲ˺üˣȴʼûҪ赹ļ
˵ϵ֪
ϣһŮЩ飿ۣҲ֣ôû
Ҷļ˵ͻ˷ȥʣˣ˵ɽɣϰû
һߵͷһӦȻȴĪǸɳԻȾƣ岻ҩԣָҶֵһȻһ߰ԼҶһȰƣɽɺô¼˭û
Ŷ
ҶľȤˣ
ֻԴʮǰǺųƽɵɽҶԺ󡭡
ȵȣҶһ㶣е㲻Ծʮǰ𣿡
ȴסˣҶģ϶ĵʮǰûȻǴģɽɵѾѮȴʮһ㣬ֻͷһƬѩףΪӣ龭Ľ̸ۣԼǵ
Ҷſ϶ȷѾʮˣȷԼûйôð
ΨһĽ;Ǿݶʱٲһˣǵͺң֮󣬴̸Ե֪һģĪǷʱݶʲô仯
ʵΪҶķɽ֮Ԫԣޱȣݶˮһྫ֮˳ҶҲôܽʱҲ΢һЩ
򵥵˵Ϊ˸õԴʹþݶĹʼӴˣ
ҶĴʱȻ֪ΣҲƲ˸ţֻôһ룬оͰңÿʱˣʮ꣬ҲûʣЩӻˣ
ǰԼѮĻѾʮ࣬ƽĽԣǶð˾ʮˡ
ȥԼͽҪţ¸ð׷ԲԵϼһˣ
ɽźˣ
ȴҶţͻȻʶԼȺӿԼͬһֱ书Ȼɽɵ书е١յĹЧҲԳ߰ʮ꣬Ѱ˻˳ɾѾͷˡ
﷢⻰תתȥɽϴתеģжݺݵ߶ʲôɽɣϾҪݵˣСƤ໹ķϣǰһ
ȴǽҶĵҪͶɽɵˣ˵ľͷ˼֣ӦһĵͲˣ
Ҷüͷһ壬鲻ԾԼ֮λҲ˺ôķ粨ģϾԼʱʮȻͰ֮λȥȻΪԼҪգҲĴڽϺݺݵĻһѡ
ղ˵ʱ̬αǾʹ˸ղû˵ѣĲ֪ɽɵ˭ǲš
ɽأ
ţ룬ɽԭȷиţȥþ˰ɣҶû˵̫ŵ顣
ȥˣҶĴʱ˲ﻹԼϣһվϵ˶Ʒ˳ȥǰӸ˲䱻˸ϡáϵľƲȻĵǡ
ͬһʱ䣬ӺһǵСһӦþǸΪӵļһˣһøֵһ˫һԴ˵ӦרŶͷġ
ͬʱһֱڹ̨͸ƵļһҲͷһͣӵȡһֵڵſڣҶΧ˵УֻҪ׼һȥж˿顣
ֻҶȴǵ˼ûУֻվ﷢㶣ȥˣ
ĻȻ󣬲˭˵ĵӦҲֻǡʱڵϣԼĺϰϵĽлͣȻָҶĴӣôͻȻӳȥˣĪˤң
ϰǲǺ°¶ˣǼԶһֱֻǿҶıЦеĽ̸˵ʲôȴǲ֪ģʱȻϰﱻƷɣֻ¶
ȴƿڴʸƨǶżһˣû¶Ҳ¶ˣ
漴ְźСҩ漴ˣϽʰ
ȴû˵꣬ͿԼǼͨ죬ϵĸֵȻȴ£վҶΧưһ㡣
ʲôأ
׼漴ͷԼȻҲǶãʶ˲Ծ̧ҶĵʱĿвʹЩ壺ĪײʲôаŵĶҶĴʱǺ⣬˾Ȼҿġ
úú˵ڿûбҪˣ
ѾԿ϶һҺڵˣҸոյõϢҲҶû˶ŪЩһ飺𣬴ĺãһܸǸʹ죡
ޣɵôĺøʹ죬ǲ˵˵Ǹ֣һɱң
ǸƢʲô˵ʲôֻǽҶģôûֲҪУȻҲȫˡδ˵ɱ޹㣡
ָѾɢһصĲˣǲʲôģ
һ㶣漴ЦС޵мּʶȻϵóǼնϲԩ
Ҷıһʣû뵽汻Լ¶ˣΪϰֲɵٸһöĵ顣
ȶˣҶһ򲻻ĴϣֱؿһģӾ͵ڵûϢ
⡭ʲô
޲ǳȲ˵˶õľʲôֻҶôһģͺ˴кһôһӾôˣ˭ҲÿֲҶĵĿͺͿࡣ
ɽɵƣû˵ô
Ҫ˵ƹֲʲôĹĽҲвٶõģҲ̹Уô죿
˵ȴǸƹģû뵽˻ƹ֡ҶĵҲƭǣղԼõĵȷƣЩСҰˣ
Լеƫ⣬Ҷߵƹǰʵ⽭ȽϤ㣬ɽеĳֶЩˣ
ʲô
Ҷļ۾תڶʲô˼Ҳϻֱ̧ƾҪȥƹһɫŵ˵˵Ī֣ãҶһԼϣǶˣƤ֮ҲǺܵģ̿ϣҶܹͣ֡
˵ɣ
ҶҲƣֻǼϣʱȥ
֪ɽɵĸֲ٣Ҫһһ˵Ҫ
ҶֱͣӺȵֻԳ
ǡǣƹֻöͷȫ亹ȴãˣֻʵʵĵҪ˵֣ȾǰǰһֽƥС
˵ԵģֻЩˣ
ǣǰǹǰϹǰˣ


003 Űɽɣ
ǰȻΪҶĵĵоôһܵġοղѾ˵ɽ
ǰ϶ԼǸӹˣ˿еϿƶϣλܽ˳羴ˡ
ǸϹǰҶһѯһ²͵ͽϹ͡С츳ҲǾѣϧûңǰĹʺˣûաҶ֣˵Ϲ͵츳ûгԵʲôŵرΪҲӦˣ˵ĿϹƺ⣿
˵ϹǰΪͬʦܱ𣬽ˣΪԾ
ĴԾжٿԣҶҲ֪չ֪һԵɣҶִµһºȴҲûʲôˡ
ӻֽ⼸һһɱҶľһԼġ
֪к󱨣ֺοģ
ȴЩ곯͢ЩսٰʧԲϷ㵱Ӫô
ҶĲȻ³򣬵ҲһȺ˵Ķзһ仰Ϳֲȥģһֱȡ󣬽ⲻĵҲٳ˷۳Ƭ֮ż𽣹ֱȥ
ʱѾԼ棬Ҳ˵ݵ֮أ뵽ԼɽɣҪһԽߡ
УٶҲǼ죬Ȼ༫ԶҶ˵Ҳʲô⣬ֻ֮ҶͻȻһͷȴ֪֮ĵطǸʲôģ
º棬ǲżȻɽˣǼŽֱ֮⣬Ȼ˺ЩʱյĹ⾰֮ĵطµƣ֪ȫò
ԭ֮أȴһֱͨʵɽԴʱ˵ɽȻҶ˵ʲô⣬ֱɵɽ֮ϣȻɽ¾һƬĺˮƬ½ǵ˾ͷˡ
֮Ȼຣȴû̫½أһֱ˺һҶķǰֱͨʵɽȴѾһȦˣݶеҲһ㣬Ǹ͡
֮صдƬƬ½أĿǰ̳ɽʵϲռ½صһ벻Ǳ󲿷ֶǻĵأȻûа̣Ϸǳ䣬Ҳûʲô˾סҶȴħ̵ѾƺڿƬ׼ֱƬϽˡ
ûʲôˣ̳߳ĽɽûжþǴ󺣣Ҳ˵ֻôһƬ½ʣ¾Ǻˮ͵죬ڿһĴ½
Ǿݶο棬ǻ취ûʲô˺֮֡
˽⣬Ҷɽ˽⡣ʵ⼸ĴתҲǺڣ׼һƣȻ󿴿ûпþݶΪԼ˲ء
Ȳ˵ԵģݶԼȫˣǾʹ罫ΪԼӵУԼǳݻҲԼĲݵУԼȫдС˵һһӳֱճ˶ɽɿɾֶһսˡ
ֻһµĳΣܲܳɻԺ˵»ŽȰɽɵ˰ɣ
̤ɽ£ҶԼܹԺﴫʶԴɽԺĳԺ֮й·˴ӵʿӣƶСټϲԶӣɽԽ
ҶĴʱҿطٲȻҪһммλѡĲƫͨɽɵ·ҲҪȥɽɰɽó˵·
׼ֱɽģʱȴҪĴҲԼôˣżҪˣȴܸԼЩĴһΡ
Īǽӣ
ҡҡͷҶĴһڷŷֲڵķıС̯ǰ뿪漴һЩȽƶӹҶóλȥ̯λҶĻͷƣϴŵɽɵʽǽӽЩǸϵģӦڵʿ
һȴԱһ˵ע⣬ֻ´Ҷ֮󣬼ҶףֻǸҹӣλ̨ĪɽԺѧģ
Ҷһ㶣תͷͼһԼʮˣԼЦŴкϴŵģҲɽԺҲǸԺѧ
΢һҶҡͷǣ
һ֣ƺ뷢ʣҶıҪɽ
͵һ䣬û˸ղŵĺɫȻһתͷߣŪҶһĪ߶һѵ䣿ЩƲģ
ô£ҪɽԺɽɵĲҵҲڵ̶ֳȰɣ
֣²ȻͿ˼֣ÿҶĵٶȿ쵽˷˼ĵز˼һǰһ뻹ԼԣһͲӰҲֻԼۻˣǴļа
ҶĹʵͿԵɽ֮ϣûأҲ뿴Χľɫж仯Զ˼֣յɽȥ
ˣٶҲȴ˿࣬һ·Ҷķᵶ֮˶ɽϸϣвɫ׺ݵļһǰɽ͡
㾰Ҷľʶе㲻ԾҲû˼˼Ṧֱɽ
һУգۼɽͣɽɴ⡣˵ȥ཭˸Ⱥ˶ۼڴſＷţǴ񱻶˸ˮйͨԼҪԾǽ룬ȥ
ʲô飿
¾ԾͰѻ˵˳ûϵԻ˽˲磬תͷ˿Ҷĺλֵܲʲô£
Ҷתͷһ꺺ӣԼʮͷһװϣϱһ󻷵һƵĴҶġ
ЩԵ飬ݷɽɵģ
ҶȻû˵滰Ҫ˵ԼҶģû˭ţŪû˳ЦԸɴþģɵĻԸȥˡؼǣ֪﾿ʲô飿
ǺŶһҶĵĿе㸴ˣƵҶһ󲻵ò׷һ䣺ι£
ȴֵ֪Ϊ˺£Ǻһȭ𣬲ֵôƺ
ҶڵҶϤ˶ӡ
ǺҶƺһ㵣ȴҶһŴԼȾǲףȴû뵽Ȼôһ׵Ĳ׵֡
ҶĴŵ̴ֲ֮ģôҲͽˣһӲ˵ԼҶӣеš
ҶĳʱҲûʶԼﲻԣǵǻɵĿⲻͣĴԼʱ֪Լڱȷʵ̫ˡ
εĿһҶֱӽתԴ˵˶Ϊ£
ҶĲԸ˵õ񽭺Ҳкܶ˲Ը⽫Լ˵⣬չ˲ͷ¶βĲǸʹˣ˵Ҳûǰ龢ӦŵʵҲûʲôֻǶҵһ󱲱ɽһɱˣҾ͹ͬɽָ˵ɽЩԽİԵԲ˶ɽɵЦ
ңҶϸ룬Ҳ벻ʲôңԼ֮ðͷļ塣
ֻЩǺǾ䣺ɽЩԽԽԵ
ȻҲ龿˭˭ҲֱӾΪԼЩ˴£ǻҪʸϾɽԽԽǿƣзĵǶġ
ҵǸΪʲôɱģ
Ҳû̫⣬ֵֻҶģ齭ֵķзֵ֪ܲ
ҶֻõЩһֱɽУЩղɽԲã
ԸĽںŪ˹ȥҶľľ
ԭ鱾ʲô£ɽɵһߵʱ򣬵˶ݺһŮ׷ŮҲûʲôֻǶһҲǸ
ֻˣҲûʲôҸʹֶιƽ˭׷ĵҲˣƫƫҵĺ˵˼䳰ĻȻɽǵҲ˼䣬һԲ˾ʹҺ󱲵书ʵйϡɣɽһʹ̴ѣʱĲˡ

ľƣûô򵥣
ҶŽƣǰ˼ˣĿ˺׻ǺףȻƾԼͫƼչЩˬԼңȻȥţ
֮ҲͲô࣬ʹȻֱӼ˶ѵУʱ£ЩѰмܵסһ̾һԣȺӲһ·
ϣ˭ѽ
ʲôʲô˲˻Ｗʲô
˭ң
ĸץӵӣ

ҶȺдȥҲ˭ûͲӰӣֻεһȻжơ
Ƭ֮󣬼ǰ˵Ҷ˹ֻվڵڶʱǰ滹ˣȴӰˣҲע⵽
ȻղŴ˴ŵҶĻ뿴ô£ͬʱҪ֪ԼЩ󱲣׼δЩ顣
ֵܺǿڹ
һվҶľԴתͷһƣͼ⺺ӾȻҲ˽΢һѰ˼˹ԼＷʱӦ̾͸Ҷǰ濪·ʲôҲһ
Ҷһƣ˶ۼڴǰȴһȺɽɵӣֱֳжݺݵĶǣǲҼȥҲǼɵɽɵʵ
Ҫ˵Ҳǲܵģֻͼһͷѩף಻ʮµŮӴ˳ȻվȺ֮ǰͷңң
Ȼ˾ƼһصĻ棬ǸѾ뷢԰׵ͷŮӺ󣬾Ȼʩһ񣺡棬ǰ
ǰ
ʮӣ
ǽҥĪɽпԳϵɷţ
ֻҶģųег̾һӹгɺѮ뷢īűһƬףһԽԽǿӦˣ֪ΪʲôԵʣͷȻȫˡ
ţԱ̾ɽɵĹȻûöôˡ
ʱ򣬾ҲǹҪҹ鷳ֻ飬ͣҲƲɰݣ
ҶһĻо²ô򵥣̬չ
һֱվԼĪһĹҶ˴š
ԭŮѾ㺻ѾԼûؼԼҳ˵Ȼﳤ潫¶¡
ȴûϵʱɽӾȻɱ˳ʱ˻ɽãûϵɽԽԽ֣żҵҪɱնһ
飬ῴҲɽɲԣɽɺҲûиӦپɽʵǿᣬ˶ԴֻԼҵӵӡ
ʱҶѾˣɽȻԵһ㣬ҲǲİԵʮȻˣŭ䣬ԽǼͨͨһͨˣѾȥûˡ
û뵽ԼˣţԱһ˵׵ɽӾ˵ѹŵĶ


004 ʦҶģ

Ҷ㣬Լ뿪ʱʮɵ֪ɻ飬ʱӦûʮ
յеĻȷӦиʮˡʣȴҲҶ뵽˵ʲôֻûϸȥʣҲֱȷ
ôһ򣬳еƺб仯үھҧҪɽɸ˵ֱӾҪˡһӾȻűУҶĻע⵽ԶƺһȺŮ죬ǼԼˣҲ׼ֱᡣ
̶ֳֵȣɾûôճˣȺ˸ɾɽɡҲ뷭Űĸ־ɽɵһԶҲȥˡ
Ѿ˵װˣ˻һСӵĴʰʰá
Ҷȴüͷֻ˲˵
ǰʲô˼ĪǾҺ۸
汾Ϊλڽĸߵǰֻû뵽Ȼô档
ҶҲüǡԱ˵ǰ书ǼߵģϧܶľϾͲЩ⼸ɽɵ裬˵ʵҲǰйأ
ԱʣɽɲǻбĳôѵҲͨ
ǰΪ˵ǱȽϹֻǹǰƽЩ飬ǰǹǰʦ㣬ǰȻ˵Щʲô
Ϲǰأ
ϹǰԴ֮ͺ߶ˣ˵ҲǺָһ졭
ԱͻȻһǳԣϾɽ
֮ҲͲٶ໰һôС˭ļ
ȴҶĹεһֶû£ʱͨ˵ĻɽƲ˸ࡣ
ɽԼһҪôȥҪô屧ľʣ͹ˣΪ˱ȽϺʵȻȥɾ֮飬ôΨһľˡ
ƫƫҲôϣԲŻǻˣ֪δ
ҶĹſ⼸ûľɽһŰ֮
뵽Ҷĸŭɽɾûһôתͷʵɽ鶼
⻰һʣΧ޲Ǿǽһ˳ڣƺǰûа㾴⡣
ΧȺȻɽЩһЩɣǶλǰǶоأ˲˴еӵĿҶġ
ҲǵһǶûʲô֮Уǰųӣһֽ˵ĺޱȣҲǲ棬λǰ˶㲻𾴣пһˡ
Ҷֵԡ
ҶĲΪ⣬Ҳ֪ԼǸǻӲͷƤԴȥ֮ɽƺҪŵĶӼ֮λֻλӡ
ô
书̫ϡɣ޷ڣȻ֮λǴС»ǰϣܡ
Ҷһ˹ڵһ̫ţȻԼҪǸλõģȷǱ˸λϣһ²ˡ
ѹԼһֱû˭ɽţԭȻôԵɡûУǱڸˣҶĺλ
ô˵Ƿ˵ǵ֮ӣ
һ㶣ɲ÷Ķֻ˵ǸɽӣҶҲǴһȺϢһϣŵóôۡ
鵽ƺԽԽˣҶȴףҪʵҲܼ򵥣ȴôš
ǰƵһԣҶֱӴ˳ȥȵԷͿ
һȣֱӽĿ˹ųһʱ䶼ŵļһô̴̵ĴȺ߳Ȼֱǰ˹ȥ
󵨣
ͽ
ɽɵӷӦ죬һ΢֮漴ǴŭԼű˳𣬻֮ͥ£βգοôһʮͷˣһֱ
ȺӺһ¾ҪǰȥҶһѵֻǻһڣͷǰ˾ȻӰһűѰ˻Լ۾ˣͣ˫ۡ
Χ۵Ľʿһ󻩣󲻿˼Ǳ߲ŽǻعһתͿſ˾Ȼ֪ʲôʱѾԼǰ
ô£
ղŻǱأôһգ۵Ĺ͵ǰǰ
ʲô򣿡
Ǻηʥ

Ҷվǰ˪ʣѵҶʶô
ǵɴ˫һֱҶģ˫۵޷ţ૵ôܣ
Ҷĺһ΢΢һУɫ⻪һţһϹĳҶϡ
ǡ
۾ɵĺô󣬶ΧмԼĪʮµɽҲһ㵣漴ȣǺˣ͵ѧɽѧ
Ҷ⼸һƣֶףûǣֻǶ£
һһ󻩣˵Ī⣿
Ҳ˵ɽɾѧĪɽˣ
ˣҲܽǰ°ɣ
ۼ䣬ȴһҡΣȷ˵һʦ
仰ҲûʲôǴһ㳡ƱһȻû˰죬˶ŴҶģֻú¼˼һ
˻ԼΣͣԼϵ⣬ֻһʹ˿Ҫȴû
ڳʿ඼ǶʮʮˣʮµĶûУȻûܹϵĳҶģԴʱǵһӦλɴϻˣʹʲôǰ
ɼˣһҲ̫ˣɽˣ׼ǰȥˣȴԼҳͻȻĳôһ䣬Ҷˡ
ʱͼҶĵ˵ͷ㻹ǵңĪ˵ν̵ģ
죬ֻǰһ㱣漴عȴһ˪һּ̧䣬жһҶýܹǽϿ֡Դ򽣷гɾ͸ɴཫԼĽ
㵽ǺˣȴɲҶġ
Ҷ֪չ鲻ýͣа취ʵ˵
˶ΪǰƳɱʱͻȻƣԼеǹ⣬һƬоͺɫҹգǹ׺УԼһӡ
ͬʱҶ˫һ˦ֶЩȴûйδֻΧҶȴûκһ˻ǽJǹͷΪʮԶЩҲܹоĳǽ֮
վļˣʱҲԶԶȥˣҲ˵ҶȻǿƣǻĿֲǸе־£岻ܿƵľˡ
ȫֻһǿܹ֧ŵסϵѾɢʱͨһ¹ڵϣǰҶһ֪ģ
ʱѾȷǰ˵ȷԼʦɣϾֻǸղһ˲䣬ҶȺ˺ü׶ŹǺӼûǰ¶ֻ֮ǰԼʦֵ˽չʾһ£δڡ
Ź˼٣ҶһǺӵ֪ȷʦˣǰΪҶвֱͬ潣죬Ҷֻ֮ǰŽ㹻Լ仹ǿԸо۵ĲҶ⽣ȴͬˣԲɡ
¼ô࣬ȴ׹Լᣬο书֤ð䣬͵ѧһףܲȫ͵ѧȥɣ
ֻԼʦôˣ
ҶģûûɣԼԼʮ겻ϣԼ˲֪ٵʦܹഺȻʲôϡ顣
ʦ
һҶ漴ͽһֿŹԼǰĶͽܣǳǿڼԼ¶Ǹһɫڻûģֻǵ˾䣺Щꡭˣ
ҲףܶҲֲԼͽϣͲóЩˣȴӲݵλϣҲ
롭㱣סɽɴвñǿᡭ
̾˿һУһӦַǹڵϵӱǿо͸
Ҳû֪ԼҲãҶȻ͵ȴ㹻ǿԵûĻᣬֻһգۣԼѾվˡ
Щ飬ΧƲĻλ棬ƵȴǶҾͷһִĻҵȻм湦ϣҲûеֱһɽ¡
ոҶ书֮߼ֱǷ˼˵ͲӦôڵǿߡ
ȵһʦԴһ̾׽֮ûˣΪ˵ɽɵҶҶšǿǸԵޱȵɽɻӵϰ׾ǴҶǴģд˵е㲻ҲΪ̳ʦһЩԸŻˡ
֮ΪҶǸӲԵο˻һƿֲ߾书ʮǰѾȥȻֻˣ书øߵʲô̶ȣ
ơ˰ɣ
ǿҶòʮͷһ϶ԼĲ²⡣
Ѱ˼ţֻҶĶҽ˵
˵˻ֶͿܶſﴦ£ȴҶʱɵʱ򣬻ǵȰźãһ˶ɽſڣʲôӣ
ԼʦҲǿģһֱڰյĸоʧԼ˿ˣȻģ·ȴǰоһüĿ֮ɫҲ˲١
֮УҶľֱǵλȻһ֣ûбĻˡ
û˵ʲôҶģǱֿҪڳ˶ܶ˵һ֣ǶѾǺܸˡ
ȫǶҶʩ񣺡棬Ҷǰ
ҶһûнӻȥѾǶ
˵ͷֻһǣȻû˶
úôҶĵĻ߱ʲôԵɣЩͲҪȥ񶼲رȻȻбĵӸȥˣҶĶ˵ΪʶЩӡ
ȻɽӶͻȻðʦĶ໳ɣĿǰԼҳݣȻֲ˵ģԸԼհҲˡ
Ƭ̼䣬ɽɵȺ˴֮УȻձվһԣһֵĽʿңңԡ
ϹȴıȽģΪ˶ʲôֻǹһ漴ֿ˺üۣ޷ŵĻʦ
ҶĴԼͽܣû룬лףȥԼĪʮ׳֮ĩģҲЩޣʮԣ·ŲȣһѾ൱硣ұǺʲôɵСӣĹǲԵôʵˣǼʶ֮ԴҲˣ
һϹ͵Ե˲٣ȻѾһϰʮģ·Ե÷ѾȻҪӲŲŽõʱҲһ޷ŵģҶģʦ
ƣҶļģǳ̾һϹͻǰһһ͹ȥ̽ͬʱ˾䣺ôŪģ
ʱϹƼı飬֪˵ȷԼʦҲǴϲֻϹͻûüش𣬾һŵ𣺡Ǻˣҵλϣ


005 С
Сϵ˸û˸Ҵ˶ҶԼվҶǰϹǰ
Ϲ͵ӣʱҲսսĲͬʱĴҶģԼ˾ʲô·ȻôԼʦ˵
ˣȻϹ͵ĵӣ⼸궼źϹͣԶҲϹһ㴫УϹͺǹϹȴҶôȻҲеĵġ
ƫʱǱһ󺰣˻һ飬ͬʱʲôˡ
Ҷ۾΢΢һƳͼһ˸һԼĪʮһߵԼһǰһģͺͱߵСûʲô
״̾˿εϳɳأ˾Ȼ㲻
ڵǸˣΧɽӿڳƺţĶˣģмƣұҪ˧Ǽ̳˼ĸ׵
ɳ֮⣬ԼĿ͸¶ľ񣬶޷Ҷĸе⣬еĿԽɽţתͷıʹ˼ŭҲǲԽĽͷȥ
ʱȴԲֻ۲ϹڵϹھ𣬵ÿҲԲû书ϱһˡ
һ̽ҲܴɼϹ˵ʱжôء
ˡˣ
Ϲ͹ĵʦĻѾʮˣ
Ҷһ㣬ԼܵˣʱϹ꣬ҲǼ죬ɲң࣬뾹ȻΪ˵һ˿פյĴɻϳӡ
ԼʦϹֻԼʦҲԼûʲô취Լʮ꣬ԭΣôҲûϣˡ
Ѿ꣬ܶͿĿˣҲûʲôʧֻǹ˵һԣҶķԸ
ƫƫƽΪ߶ΪҶĻôһڣƺһͬʱ˼£ֱӽҶľ˹
תͷѾվһԵϹͣҶЦ㵹ʦһëˣһȡһöҩֶϹУȰⵤҩˣԺٸΣ
öҩһټĴֻ̾һţþһ̾ǲ۵ССҩ裬Ǵ˵вɶõı
Ϲ͵ûֻ̫࣬Ҷ˵ΣЩģһֽ̧ҩ˶ӵУֻһ˳źอУɢɢͨһ泩
öҩʵϲҶԼƵģϺɹѰģһͬҵĻвٶÿʱҩƿԱ߾Ͱ˵ȻҶͷ˺һŪЩҩô
ֻõϵȴ࣬ȥҲͼƿ˱֮ĵҩȽáЩҩƺɵģ
ƿֻԱ߽ܣӦԭ֮һƿ˵ǿʵЧƿҶȥιèˣèôʼճƺҲƿҩйϵ
ƿҩʱҶľ˰꣬Ϊβôҩײʱǰ겻־ͳһƵĵҩè˿ûãҩûʲôЧ
ԶˣĿϹջתǶʱղŻѾ˵ˣг˵ʲôԼĿǻɣͺ˵СΪܺƵң
ֻһ˲䣬ҶľƳ˵뷨ûСӽϾǶǶʵʲô
⻰һһ㶣ͷӦԼʦߵʱʦֶûףȻĶӽʲô
ǰߵ˸ͷԵʦϣҸһ֣

ǣ
ֵҲ˵ϺûԢ˵ҲɼʱԼӻεģϧƺô
һ仰ˣҶľûˣתʵأ
СӵǾĺܣȻһӣһƾʲô㣿̬һµûҶķŭһֱ˵Ĺˣ󣬴´˵ʦҲ˲
˵Ż̧־Ҫ򣬶һ˾Ȼ̤֮һ죬Ī˵һͷҲ͵һ˶˵ǰһֲѰĸжӲˡ
ֶҽӹһƣοСӣŹһҪĳС̾͵ñԼŭҲԳ֮ɫ̽ԼһȻСӼҲ£ĪҪŭ
תͷ̺ǳʦ㻰ʲô̬ȣĺʦߵͷ𻰣
ôɽʦ棬ѵǶͿô˵ԼʦҪ£
һ˵꣬ҲԼʲô飬תͷ͵Сð䱾ʦ棿¼˭˲ñҶʦʮǰˣο˼Ѿ
û˵ֻ꣬Լһ飬Ȼһʹһʹ˫ϥԾͨһ˵ϡ
ʱŸоһʹԴһԺǰԼԼͣعȴҶﶯҲûԼĿ翴һֻϡ
ŭ֮¾ȴԼҲˣŻ㡭ʲô
ҶĺһԼɵľѧϲˣתͷ㵹ǽ˸öӣ
ɫҲ
˵ʵʼ˵ҶʦʱǲŵģҶʦʲôҸѾյĴ˵Ĵڣ뿪ˡû˵ĸյ˻ܻ
ֻԼǶһģ̬ѾȷԼӲˣǱʦ棬һʹʣҲûбֳ
ȻǶͬˣӦþˣ
ͷͳĿǰ뷨˵˴СûʲôһֱǰųǵĻȥ£Ҷ֪룬Ҫŭ
ʲһУȴǵ㻳ԼƲϲʲһзޣһԼ׶ûȫյԼСʱ˵ģ¼ֻʦҶһ˶ѡ
ȻҲѧŹ򣬵Ϊ޻бҲûר书ò֮⣬ɽɾû˶Źˡ
ŸҲѧһӣֻ츳ã޻ͣھĽ׶Σʲôģ˵ֱңɼľ硣
ԼʹŹ򣬿ܽҲϲǼҲ޷õ
ͨһҶǰæҶʦ𷣣
ҶûӦΪƺǳĻӣ仰˵𷣣ʵϻаԼζҹܽ޷ҶӵĴ㷣Һˡ
ҶٴСӣ㻽
ˣƲˣǼðʦ棬ĪĹҲԼ𣬻ŻŵӦ˾䣺ͣ
Ҷˣ̾ϧ֣
仰ûҶʲô˼רͷɱֶô
ʼգƺΧɽתϾҶͻȻð֮һ̫˼ǰɽĿˣͰ͵Ŀɽ龿ᷢչʲô
Ҫ֪ǧѵһʮǰʦүͻȻܻˣһʮǰģǶô׵飿ĸԸô㤻ֵİԣһʵҪ࿴һЩ뿪Ҳ뽭ͬţƨ̸ˡ
ңĻ⼸ʮͷɽɣɽԴʮǰҶȺ֮󣬷ͷһʱ˵ļȻûգҲǽ϶ĸ֣͹עĿˣ鷢
һֱʱҶͻȻ˵˲ĿģλҶǰδ飿
ǻԼҵӣǱãǸһĴ
汾һֱҶͻȻƬ̲Żع̶һ˵ŹվҶĴǰĻǴˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ潫龭ϸ˵һ飬λҶǰҪԼһʵʵĽԭ˳
ԭ˴оȻɲʵЩɽѾΪˣྐྵȻŵĻҪӣͲҪֱˣвңҪš
һ˵˴ڳһ󻩣ҶҲǴŭϾһ£ͰֱߵĲ輸̻Ϊ˷ĩڳһ
жĹ
˵ȷɽɵҶǰûˣȹеģ
һ˻һۣɽɴ˷ҪǿˣʮǰϹﶼˣﻹеĻ죿ʵʵµڶȥɣһͲҪˣϲļһٴȥ
ȵ˵꣬ҶĶͺȵ˵Ŀһ䲻ʵ֮
ͱƱ䣬ǵҶһ˶Դһ¾֮¾Ȼ˵ѣֱӵһûУ
ȴãҶһȶŭȻǿһŭ֮Լ˷ŴЧҶΪҪôԵУǸЦǰһˣĸǿԳΪ˵ģԻеЧġ
Ҷ˪ŵɽҲ֪λھͣһЩߵĽˣʱҲǰĵû᲻Լǣȥ
ЩֻתһͷƫƫҶĴʱЩͷھûڣҶһ˲͸о˲ϢȻûʲôõϢֲǴˣֻЩϢѾƲ˸
ããã
Ҷ˵һãָָһˣٴͣҶÿһ˵⼸˾͸оһԼĿϡ
ȵ˵꣬ҶͻȻȵ㻹Щ£ȫ˵ա
һɽһ㶣һЩйļһֻÿһЩֹͣ͵Ŀⶼ˼ΣǧҪ˵
û֨ҶֶһȺ˵λɽǹΪ˿֣Ȼ˶ɽָ˵˼Ŵʱ˵ɣ
Ⱥһ㶣࿴˿Ī䣬ͻȻһ˴Ⱥд߳ҶǰԸΪֹȻܲʶô
һҶľͲǸղڹ㳡˵֮һҲҶˡ
ˣԼĪʮ꣬ƴŴӦǸ߲ӦòǸ֡
˵ʲô
ָ͵ˣŹҵԺѧҲвٱŹ򡭡
Ժ
ɽԺ
Ҷһиŭ˽ɽԺѧһһѯ֤֮ʵԶ
ͷ֮˸ﲻҶķɽΧĵطСӻ˱飬ΧҲɽֹڽϻ˸СڻţҶЩѾŭ
ǡڴʱһ˳˵֮ԣֱҶĶɱǿҪŮӣǮ˦־ߣȵŮԾ


006 Ż
һ󻩣ɽҲɫֻЩȴͣһݺݵĿˢˢ˵ˡ
ѰˣɽȺһƣʱ͵ֽŷ̯ڵϣȴͦشϵɽû׼ȥ
ҶˣԼĪʮͷȻ㲻˧ȴ˼֮ô˼Ϊɣһ֮¾ͻøС
ϴһ״̴ֲ滹м˼Ҿԣֻɸɾ룬ǼдĸޣǸϲˡ
֮ܶһһҪ׽ˣҶĴһҲǸ꿡ܣ֪ǱȺŮʲôϵ
˰ͷ޸ϵ
ŶҶıΪŮӵ׽֮ˣҲǸַھʲôģ뾹Ȼõһ𰸡
ֻʷᣬǴ·ŴʱǡҲɽʸ
ҶƵԭɽ֪ɽ
˰׵ɽµһɣֶ֮٣Ľǰʦ񡭡
滰û˵ȴǶǻ˼ƾŴ֮󣬱˼Ͷɽˡ
Ҷô˵ȻҲеƣչûбֳֻһתͷͣ˵Ŀʵ飿
ͱѾɫֻԴ˳кһŭȵ޴£
ҶۣȥʣתͷСǿųģƽʲô㶼֪
ͷͽڹ̡ܽ
ҶҲյæڹɣͲܹע⵽ЩˣҲǰʡ
ϹͻȻʦʦֶЩҪ˵
л˵޷
Ϲ͵ʲЩ˵УвǶ׫
Ҷһ㶣漴תͷϹͣ㶼
ҲֻΧ
˻һȺ鼤ܵĽͻȻһ٣仹˴󺰣ɽڰԼ
ֻϧ⻰û꣬˾;ûһᣬ˶ˤ˴֮ϣһ̧ͷͿҶ
ɽɲҲʲôˣǱдȻǸ˴ĶˡɽҲ۸ģ
˵ŭһϻĻҳȻһֻ࣬оЩͷ£ȴû˸ֽ̧ЩĵֻһĿҶġ
Ϲ٩٩̸⼸Ϊ˵ʱǾ㣬ƶ˵˼仰ʹͣȴǺþû˵ô໰ˡ
ֻϹһһǰָ֤͵˶ʣ֮ͽС˸ʵƿԣҶһ߰û뵽Сӻʦ츳һ޽Щ˾קȺڴ׼Ժʰ
ԼĪһʱϹͽЩһһѯһͷҶĵЩˣָŴŵʮ˵ĶǼٻʣµȴˡ
ҶһƣЩ˶ָͳǿϷŮˣҲмվ˵Լֵܱʹ˵ģû뵽Ȼҵġ
΢һͼҶĿ⼸ˣǼҲָԼ˶µˣϹ֮£Щ˵Ļоݣҳ֤ˣҲûʲôѭƲ⼫п¡
Ǹһܳ˵Ϲͻ׵ģϹҲʲʲôֻҪȥǸѯһܶ϶١
ҶʣǴĶԶ
Ϲ͵ǲԶɽԼĪʮˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˼˷Ը˾䣺סһǰ˭Ҳ׼ȥ˵ֻһϹ⻬ҶǰѾӰ
񡭡ɣ
˶ţ˰β׹ղŷʲôתͷſȥԼܿһɫβͣ˼֮޲Ȼ
Ҷǰĳˣ
ѹܻô˵ҶǰѾˣ
࿴ֵˣǱɽöݺݵĿԼźıпصһȺȴɫҰףֻԼʵǵùޱȣľײ˻ʱ
˸˼վڵл̸Žշ顣
Ƕҹͬɽ˵ѾʮǰնȥҶҶǰͻȻڶָͬɽˣϹǰһѯ£вٶڹ
˵ʲţǿĿҶǰһ⡭βɣ
˶̸ۼ䣬ֻշһ⣬˻ûعͻȻˣһǰȥҶģһȴһƽС϶ʱɫɷףվﶶͣǱ˸Ǻ
ֱҶ˵ĪҪ£ֻҪ㼸飡
СæɳкͻҪʣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷȴû˵˵˭ʶˣ
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˴壬ǰ˵ǵطҲָͺŮӵĴӣһͷǸӵĴ峤̾׹ôˣҪʰ
ȻϹ;͹˼䣬ȴ
ǵ˴ȷŮԾȴΪͣŮͬһԼ˺Ȣһ֮ҵŮ˳ƽ;ֱӽŮӸˡ
Ů벻ڼԾ;ȻûаëǮϵͣ峤ϳСǰǴһ󣬽ֵĴＦɹ˼˵ׯڡ
ˣһҲʲôöϹһòҶһ֣ӱûߣ˫һֱӹ˾ͺƱʯѹסá
ͺðˣôӣЩҳָģȻƾʵݣﲻˣҶĬĬһ͵ȷ˲ٶ£ȻвٶõˮɾˮҲá
˵˵ȥ˵ҵϣҶĴʱɫҪȸղźÿ˲٣˾ˡ
ʱ˾Ȼ˲ٻ£ǹСҲǱͽһ£ԺСӲˡ
뵽ͱϾҾôһ磬Ҳûʲôܻݺݵĳͽ䡣
ҶĶֶ飬֮Ҷĳһ
˵գ˻ûӦʱͼҶָһ㣬ǹڵϵüļֱӿһС̾Ե˹ȥ
һ㶣û뵽ı仯Ȼôٶҹ죬ʲһ˻ΪɽɲݺݳͷˣûϵλҶǰ֮־Ͱ͸ˣ֮˶еֲ
ʱҲɵȴҶĵѹͬšǿˡܻܻ˵֮
ףҶǰʹɱ֮ˣǻŮ׵鲻ģҲݲȻ
ҶĵͺһѾԼλΪ㴦׵񣿡
ʱҲعˣ˼Ĳ֪˵ʲôãæվҶʩһ񣺡Ҷǰ壡
ûֵʲôֻʲˣײҶǰΪ˹ʱм㣬Ҵɽɴ¹ʡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷûӦ˵Ŷ˵ɽɵˣ˵Щǵİɣ
ʱ˲ʶûأ⻹һȺҪˮܻɽɵˡ˾ùɽɻѵȺһͨȻɽȥȴҶֱһ֣Щ˭ָʹĶʣɱˣ

һɲڶ཭˷ɽҲԼλʦ档
˵СˣѵͨͨɱˣȻڵ飬ȵɱ˻ҪӣϾɱֻǻһǻȴҪų꣡
཭һ֮󣬰ȷô㲻ȺһжôˣϾΪءֻ˱ɽɵɱһɱǻеܲˣЩɽҲ²ȥ֡

Ⱥ²֣Ҷֻý񽻸ֻǰһһӰ˲볡У󽣹һȵӰɢȥʱȺ֮Ѿ˵ϡ

мʶģϳʲһԳ׽еľȻɱ֮ǿ𽣻ҪʢҪ۾Ǿһգ۹ȡʮҲѪõֻǾ
սʣصԭվԲҲƣͺƸղɱʮ˵Ĳһ㣬˼ֻһ飬ʶɽЩǰ֣ɱ˲գ۵ģǼʶˡ
ҶļȺˣֱӻ˻֣ɾ
ڶ཭һȭɻһЩ˽Ҫղдλ룡
仰ȴͿ֮ˣҲýɽɵҶĹһôɽڲ϶ҪһЩҲü¡
οֵֻģѾ㹻࣬ȥҲ㹻̸ʣοҶǰ˿ͽĶϣֱһһЩ鴫ȥƽҪˡ
Ǻ˶ɽɵһȺһ˵Ÿղŵһɽ
һȥҶõӷɽţоֻʣ˱ȽҪˣһӦɽӶ׼ΧһһĿصʵʵ
ʱڵϣʱڣҲڣŮ˾͵ĸףʱѾ޳һ㣬ƫҷԹԡû취ȡүүĪ˵ҪӵҪҲ֮С
֮⣬ǻһС檣ɵģΪԼԴ֮ǶӾû˶û֮°˷С檣ϣܹҶҿ֦ɢҶʱԼĪʮŮӱһӤСġ
Ҷѯ£ӤǸŮѹֻǶȻŮԼΪôأŮ˼룬ǹϵеʱ
ҶĲںЩһкҲͽˣԭѰ˼ֻҪˣһﻹǿҲͲˡ¼ȻСʾ͵úúˡ
ţףԼڹ̣̳ܽһӣ֮λҲͲҪˣ
һ𣬲;ҲӦԼ֮λô꣬ʲôûΪ簮ӣɽЩʦ鷳
ֻҶһ̧ŵĳͻȻһʶɵҶϣҶһ˲˷ǺһǰŮԻúø˶ϰɣ
ҶĴһеļ˶һû뵽ԼʦȻɱͻҲҪɱ
ȴҶĲ³ôȴûͱ˵ûѹЩ£˭ţǲŵġ
ʦ뿪ڣȴҶһ˻ȥԺ˵ЩݣܽС˲񣿡
˵ˣʦʦּоһǺһȥ
ҶָС檻еӤ޻ڣʦѪûϣ
ûֻ꣬ͻȻվ״ħɱͶҪɱȫңΪͶɱǸʲôСӣ
漴𣺡ĪҪˣô˵ģôģ˺ǲûȻҪɱҾ󡭡֪ˣǸҪɽ֮λһϷʲôʦ棬һƭӰˡ


007 Ѫ
ֲûн̫ãһֱӽķȻıʣô˶һ㶡
ֳֳŽӣȥҰɣȻתͷȥԼǺ˫ۡ
ӹܽ޷ֶò©ʹɽ񾳵ءΨһ˵꣬гһתھ࣬͵һĨͨһڵϣǡþԼԡ
ҶĿȺ£Ҳֹ̫ˡ
תʲŴԼЩ˼ɽɵľνһɣҲƲãɱ˶ˣʣµͽ
˻֣˾䣺̧ȥᡭ
ʦ˵
Ҷҡҡͷ⣿ûҪ˵ˡ
ǲ⣬ȻҶôԸҲʡ룬ڽҲûʲôô͵ĴҲһӦ֮
ҶɵС檣ʵ㻽
ʦĻҽ˪
ʲô
ŮսսͷҲ̧ҡүͷģûա
Ŷ
ҶĵҲû˵ʲôūǺƽ飬˭ҲûȥıЩūҲвԸģΪΪūôǺ̫ܿܿ
Ϲ֪⼸Ĵս²ϣҲ˪ϼұƽݱģΪ̽ʧ˫ףѲΪūķУ˻С檣˪
ԭҪ֮ٴ͸գϧ˪˸Ůޣôˣ
ҶҲˣֻǷԸչǺΨһѪ
Ҳ⺢ʲô֮ģѰʹƾڹãҩʯҪʵڲУϺɹѰĵҩǿһõģЩͨ˵Ĳʹҩ
˪˵һЪţҶ𣺡Ǵʦ֣ιȥģ
ʲŴǷҶľ;ûô򵥡
͹һۣǹ˵ʵҲӣʦų֮ʱָյҪʦַָ¡
ִϣҶȥһ㶼ֳϡ
ǣ˵ͷһս˸ƽ֣ʦּĲˣ֣ԷûվʦִˡºԷٰǸʦԾƲأûֶԷ
Ҷüͷһ壬ƺеΡ
Ȼ͵ûϵصƽݵʱͻȻһȺ֣͵Ϯʦ֣ʦִӭУԷشϼˡһ
ʦֵβã
ʦֵʦľºʦҲ̾
Ҷԣûɾͳ˻飬ͯȻˣǰͯһ֮ͻմȾպܹԲҲҪۿۡ
ʱʦֶꣿ
㣺ԼĪʮ
ҶȻû뵽ʮͿʼϼһֱʮŽɣɻ鵹Ҳûͯصʮꣿҵ˿϶ͬ⡣
ôȷעһ㡣
͵Ϯʦֵʲôˣɲˣ
ȴϹʹ˻뵱˵ӵͬһȺˡ
⻰һҶĲϹҲֻǻûϸʣԭ˫Ȼһˣǿһˡ
黹ôӵʦʧ֮˵𡭡ʦܡϹһңһ꣬ңʣܻڣɽɷô鷳飿ֻϧûϢ׶༪ˡ
Ҷ͵ң黹û˵㿪ڵʦǻģ֮Ҳõˣ
һ㶣漴˹Ϲ͸Ǿĵʦ˵ʦҲˣǵ׷ʱȴɱ˰
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Ҷ룬ʱ䴫ϵ⣬ĽеϢҲǺܼʱѹֳ͢ʼ޷ңִϢЧʣǱ߶Ѫɺˣ͢ǲ֪Է顣
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£ʦ϶Ҫ֪ȫһе鶼˵˳
ԭ췲ʱĶɽ˻ţ궼ȥ
գһ߰ճȥǰµķһ뷽跨İ췲ϧչ黹ûмֹȥһǰʡ
һֱóϸҩҩԷڹȥ֮ǰһӣסʦּҵѪ
ϹһֱΪ췲ҲԼڸ˺һһɣȻ޷أͰĵȥˡ
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ǰϹ»ô˵ҶȻֲǴ򣬶˻мֶΣβ֮ģǵÿһҡ
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͵ϮҲпǶԷһֱٶȴûô򵥡
粻硢ǡִ˵ʱ͵ϮҪ˵ûè壬ҶľԲţ
⣬ΪβΪʦֱȺаħģɽƺûбҪһֱ̲
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û˼˵Լ˵˳Դ޶ۣʦҶɽᱻԷüıȥ
Ҷ̧̧֣ʾǲ˵ˡ
ϸ룬黹ô£ɽһƺ٣ܵõĳֵľȻֻһ
ЩҪˣɽ񣬺ȥˣɽˣʲôɽ
һɽȺһͶƫƫܳڽƮҪ˶ãԼ͵ûصɽʵĶš
ɽɲûжʱ⵽͵ϮǶԱɽɵȥǸƴ˫ս˲֪ٴΣɽҲ˶ٵӣֻһֱûнˡ
ӣϹ͵Ļ˵ŮЩһֱô³ֻҵȲԸΪʦֱ𡭡ʦһֱ޷ʦֱΣǴʦΨһѪһֱԷޡ
˵˵ȥȻǰŪǷǵŮϣҶĵǾûɱˣڶһԽԽڴûҲˣû뵽ȻǸ޹ϣʲô¶˳Լӵ˼ǴǶֲ֮Ҳá
Ǹսȴֵɣôô
Ҷ룬ؼ棬ܲеϵױҲǲѡ
Ϲ̾˿ɡɽɻеԨԴ
ţ
Ϲ͵ʦǵ׽ţ
Ҷһ㶣漴Ī׽ŵĴҪؽɣ
ҡҡͷϹ͸˴𰸣ǵǣֻһԳ׽ź˵ļһҪ׽Ƶʦֱȶʦֽƻ˻ȥȴ׽ŲٽŵУٽţҲ⼸ʮȽǿƵһˣ
룬ٽűг͢Ӱӣֻǡѯʹ֮ٽƺСʦܰڽϵ
룿ţҶһ㶣һӦС˵ѣ漴ǳϡҲôƽ


008 
飬ԼĵӶ֪ģȻԼûȫߵӣôȥˣЩҲСõҲö֪ˡ
ϵСͽܣʵûеõҶָ̫Сͽ֮ҲûʲôĻɽ֮ϵܣȻ˵ǰǷ
˵ΪʦĽˣ
Ľλӳ֮ϣ˵λȨأأֻԼ϶ĵԺֻȴ֪ӦûС
һ˱飬Ҷо˸ţ˳ǲˣ
ȻϹĻҶԼĵӵԭĽԴڳԽԽǿ֮󣬱Ϊʸ֮ģһеĸȴʵϣȵԼĴѾв˻ʵ۵ʱĸҲͳΪ˱Ȼ顣
СʦܵûиϾɱֻǰʦֵĹְϣҵʱȺҪʦŵʱҲСʦܳԽµġֻʦֵʱܴԻһ𣬼º͹ȥˣ
Ϲ͵ĻҶ΢˵㣬ȻҲó֮ϵ鲻ô򵥣ҲΪʲôʦֵܵ飬ܹмԹϹͽŵⷬҶͻȥѰ鷳
ԭˡôĽԼлкô
ʦʧ֮󣬼˾ɢ˴룬ľֻ˺һС檣ȵʦȥλ˾ɢ˼ҲƲ֪ȥˣϹҲΣ˵ǰȥҪĽԵļ˽ӻɽϧչһ
ΪĽʧƵʱûлɽ˵ĽֻʦԼʦܣĵӺϹʦˣջɽ
Ҷһ̾Դ֮̾Ĵ˵Ĵֻ࣬ǽ̾һ
תۼʮ꣬˺¶ѾҶڵΪԼʦҪʽϵȴû뵽ҶĶЩͲȤֻһЩ˵顣
ɽѾִƣǰǲٹ񣬰ˣ
ǸһôƽƽĹҶ⻰ʱкǻɣӡǸԵԲܻġ
ϸһ㣬Լȥʱ׳꣬Ȼ硣
أʮȥˣѾٸ䣬ʲô׳־Ҳͱĥһɶ˰ɣ
οһҪգȴɽһһ飬ȴһ㶯ûУҪ˵һ㲻٣Ҳܡ
Ѿǰ䣬ʲô鶼ĿˣֻƾԽɽɷ£Ϳ֪һ
ڡѾָ˴Ԫ¿ʼڽ߶ˣͬʱҲָ볯͢ڵʦĶཻ飬֮ദĻǢ
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Ϲ̾˿ȴѾˣһǰҲʦͶɽУ
Ҷһ㶺û˵ʲôˣתתȥת˳͢ǱȥСʦܣЩܷ񣿡
ȴȻϹͶСʦܾǵʵۣҶ˵²ɽ֮Ҳ͹ˡ
ЩߵĻȽϽСʦ꽥Ѿֲˣԡ
Ҷһüͷôô껹ûλãˣȥ˵˵
ԭҶǲ׼ȥģΪʱΪʲô飬ȴ⣬ΪԴĽһҵķʽӦ顪Ȼ˵ٽг͢Ҫϸ˵͢ڻʵۡ
˳Ҳ룬ԸԸһȥԸ⣬Ҳһˣ
ҶЩԵ飬͵ǸɭҲѾȥˣɭһΪɽɹԼ˾ȻϣǺصһƷһ׺Ҳɽɵĵ伮Ũصһʡ
ͬʱҶҲ֪ǺƵ֮ɽɻһͽΪƾ̵ľһźԼһ̤ѩ޺ۡ
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뵽ͻȻԵʦλǰ֮⣬ǻʩˮҲһҲҲ
Ҷһ㶣ȴ²˭ǻʩˮ󣬾ǵҶҪ޽ֲؾһĵطרűؼġ
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˳ҶıҪֱɽȥģǷ֮㾶ֱתǻʩˮ
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ÿԶĿ¼ıǩ磺ȭơڹȵȡ
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ŵĻѾʮˡ
Ҷ㣬ʮ꣬ǾԼʮ꣬Ϳʼɨ˵ˣ㻽ʲô֣
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ŹֻҶѧһȫķȻȫķ֮ԺȥҲǾԸ̶߲ȣŹûڡҶҲڲסƬ̾뵽йؼ
ǾԼЩеһųͼֻŵҹŹ㾳硣
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Ҷĵ˵ͷһƣע⵽һĶһЩȽϴǳĹĹ򶼷ˡ
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Ҷĺ֣ɽɲûֻ֣ϣ
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ܳϡϹϻй϶Ʋʲô⣬ֻĹΪأƲеĿھȫԲŻ㣡
Ҷһ㶣漴ԼڵеĿɲһͼĳħҲ档
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һ֣Ź˵˾䣺ȥƣŹһͬ¥һȥͼһŻܽ۵Ľ亹ҧҿĪʹࡣ
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ţ
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ŹҶĺι˾ȣֻǱǺӵòˣȷкɣֻòȴĽΣҺҲԽԽС
ҶĲ˲亹ˣ
ʲһ֮̽£ħҳһţйȴûаֲ֡
û뵽ɾȻһֻŮ˲ù򣬲²Ź֣
ѾСνħŵģ
˼⣬ֻܵһ䣺֪Ѿ˻ǵùȻתͷŹ𣺡˺òбı仯ô
ŹҡҡͷʾףҶֱֻ׵ʵŮӻȴǰѵħͺǷһЧ
ֻŹ˺С֮⣬б󡭡
ҶƣΪԼѹƽѾ˯˹ȥǶνСӵ鷳ûͷֻȽ鶪һԣŹ˵˼仰֮󣬳⻹ʩˮ
ɽȥʱҶѰ˼ʵڲоͰѹȥɣɽɹ࣬ѰʵĹҲǲܣƾħҲһˣɲ˷ˣ
߶ţҶ¸ּ꣬Ƕ͵ɽڡֻǶ˵ͺͨ¥ݵһ̨ûʲôһ̧ȣһѾվɽ档
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һۺɫȹŮӣʱ΢΢ǧϣҶĽ¶һðٻʧɫЦݣ


009 

Ҷ죬˵Ļȫ˻ȥվ￴˿˺һŵ㡭һֱ
һû˵ˣֻǧϡ
Ϊʲô
Ҷĺ֣ΪʲôԸһֱĵطʮ꣬ʮﲻӴҲɽ߶ֱ޷ġ
Цݱˣ΢΢ͷΪģ
ҶĲԣԼѾûκο˵ˣһֱ˰ŵһ䣺ɵϣ
ֻ仰һֻһŹ֣Ը̣ιι԰״λ˰ɣ֮⣬벻Ӧ˵ʲôⲻľ֮Уָֻǰܹ˵ͬһȴһֳĬ
˼۶ɶԼҶҲƵܵŋ񶴵Уһֱ˶عͷûиųһ
ϣ⡭ֺҲλ˰ɣ
ԳĿЦһҶߵؼǸУԼõĴʯɾĴԭ治ѻҳ˲̦޺ԼֲһͿ֪û˶ˡ
гһҶޣǾʯƵһԣһģƷ籬£ǱѾʵʵĵطըѿҶһƵǡôȻЩڸȥȴһҲû˵Ķֺ
ֽǺȡ˳һۺĶڣҲû˶Ҷһ߸̾ţָƷȻƷʮȥˣЩỹµһ㣡ͬʱ価սԼıɪ֮䵱С
תأðźȪˮʱЩѾ޷Ӱ쵽ҶˣȫƾʹȾЩȪȪˮĪˡ
ͬʱԭųĵطҲһƬտֿϧĶֻһ֮ҲӰˣҲ绹᲻᳤Ҳ֪ӻ᳤ںδ
ҶİƲ⣬ӿǾݶеһЩ۶ɵģԼ˳ǻԵĹӣǿܾˮԵġңҶƲǽԵģ˵Ļ뻹ľԼŹӣȴҲûᱻ˭õ
ҶĵҲŹӵ̣ûݶҪǹҲ޴ҲõȾݶֱ֮þݶѹӵλøԼС
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Ҷһ㶣ȴⶫôˡ
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ǲҪôˣ
ҶĶɽ治󿴵ۣԼļƻ˳ɽҪԶʵ塣ȻﲻôҪȻҪ˷һ￴ţοΪԼһ仰ʮ꣬ԼĴ껪˷
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ҶⷬƣֻЩڲ˵û뵽ȻöԼҪˡ
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ΪϹ⣬ֶ˲ٹɽɵĴԣټϱдɽĽʿƲԹɽɵԽԽа
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ҶƣͻȻЩȻæڹ£ǹȴû£ͽܵյĲ


010 
Ҷֻ˼ۣͿЩһֱûзԼڵĹΪѾ䣬߼ŲɳȣҲ೤ڹ൱
ûѧϰĹֻѧϼ񹦵ǰ£ܹӣѾҶΪˣԭܹʵͽܽĻѾǼޣû뵽ͽܵĳɾ͵ǳԼԤڡ
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ҶƵȻ߻谵ҲЩ룬Щ˵ûʲôӰ죺ˡ
ʦʮǰ֮󣬲֪
ҶЦЦΪʦ֮Ѱ˼ʮ꣬Ѱɼ֮أѰ˻·˷ǰ뿴ЩΣ˳㡭
˳ʲôȴǲ˵ˣƾԼȥ롣
ѾڵװףͷԣҪ˷κʱͲµҶλ⣺ǽԼĵӴɼ֮ȥ
ɣ
ҶĵûʲôɣΪʦҲܿ϶Ѱ˵ΪʦҲǸ˰ɣֻǵкܶ࣡
ʵɽ֮ожɣͲãʮһҲûɽ統ԪԣΪʺУɲΪûʿˣοͥĴԣЩѰ˿еɣȻڡ
Ҷô˵ҲҶĵ˼ҶԼҲѾ̤ɵԸһͬǰɽ磬ôҲпܳΪһĴڡ
֮ģһֱʵ꣬Ҫ˵ûѰ˼ǲܵ顣ֻ뻹ǣͬʱҲеҹʲô֮Ҳٵķš
û뵽ԼѾ̤ŹصʱԼһʱµʦȻԼǰ˵ʲôǰȥɴ㳤֮
˵ʵڻԼǲǳ˻þҲ߸ΣȻҲųʲôĻļһҪԻԼ
ʦͬȥɽ磬ӿɻص
ҶһЦ᲻ǵۻ֮λ
ԵЩΣҪ뿪λãе᲻ãҲԽɰѳֻλԼļˣûнλȥҪλֻܴˣҪٶͦһʱ䣬ﶼԡ
ҶĵȥҪһٻ󣡾ΣҪԼһʱԾ񣬱ʱ䣬Ϊʦ㣡
˵վҪȥ뻹ûתͻȻԸ׷ʦͬȥ
ȴǵʯ֮䣬˾ôʵۣȻеĻ˿ɾҲزˡ
Լʦ˵һֻдأҲʦԼԥԥвϲԺˣԼǴ˺ôһλԵ
ȻԼ¿Լܻʵ֮λΪˡҶȥǿǳɣǿǿԳѷ˷Ī
ҶĶסΣعͷ룬һȻѾ˾ģҪԼȥˡ
Сͽܣǵϣ˿ˮѹֿԽ⻼ֹ̳ס
˼Ƭ̣ҶĵȻˣҾ㽫һӦ񶼰׵Ȼȥɣ
뱾ΪԼʦ̾ҪԼߣû뵽Լŵʱ䣬ʦżȥ
ҶҡҡͷΪʦҪ鶼ˣ߲٣򰵵һοɽǱҲû׵˵߾ߵģ
뵽ͻȻˣʦֹȥ֮ļȥ˺δã
һ㶣漴׹ԼʦֱӹѰԼģԼЩʦʦˣҿ֪Ҳ֪ˣве
£ã̾͵ʦֹȥ֮󣬼˴ʦֵżͶܹܣʦֵķ˺һҴ׵ŮסܹܼУ񣬾ֻʣǺӻˡ
ĽԵķ˺С檣ѾȥˣȻû˵ҶĻܹġ
ܹܡ
Ҷ㶣Ѱ˼һ˵ǰȴ֪ʲôλˡ
漴ܹа˾ʮ꣬ʲôٶˣȻţû뵽ҲͦӲʵ
ܹˣ
һ㶣漴ܹҶҲʶģԴж֮󣬱ڼҰ꣬ż˵˵ЩӽĲ˲٣ơ
Ҷĵ˵ͷû˵ʲôȻܹʶҲڼһͰһοܹܻôٻҲܵˣӦ֪ˡ
ȴûϵʵʦɷܹ̫һͬ
ŶҶûϵһ飬ΪΣ
Ϊ˵ˣɽҲиġοܹ̫඼֮ˣԸҲһЩʵ뻹˼Ͼ˼ʮĻʵۣˣܾñŤ
Ҷ룬ҲʲôʵҪȥ˺ܶ࣬һ࣬һ٣ͷԴϣԵ˾ˡ
ܹҶʶ޷̫࡭ɽֲǻʹ̫ҲʲôǸԼͽܶ˲ˮ֮ġ
ֻ˳Ϧദ˼ʮ꣬ҲΪ˵Ӳ˼ʮ꣬ҲûʲôǵģԱҲһͬȥɽ֮ȥ
Ŷ
ô˻ҶֱӾ͵ǾʹϰɡˣֱӽܹܻʦֵǸŮϣ
뵽ҶͻȻƵʦֵŮꣿϰñ书
ʦȻ˼檣һֱûãһֱŵһŮҲ˫ʮꡣ书ȴˡ
Ҷһ漴ͷԸȥЩɣ
û䣬һϸŭһǺˣô鷿˰˰
Ҷתͷһƣԭ̫˹վֻϧ˰쾹Ȼûа㶯̫̾ʶԾˣǰСġ
ֻϧ⻤Ϸ뻹û꣬͵С˳Ӳõǣ޵ʦ
ϵʦ
̫գ˫С۾Ȼػ˰ΣҶŭԱʹʲô
Ҷҡҡͷĵÿ޽˿ȥʹˣ
һƮ˰գͬʱƣؾԼƮתȥ̤һʢ˵ɫ˸˧ͺҶʮװƵ˵Ͻˣ뵱µһʦͽ֮Ե
һڣ̫ȻҲǼʶõȻвٸֿƾĹŪһЩȽϺ˵ЧҲûĸһڰ֮ϡ
Ҷֶһ̫¾ĥĪˣô˵ǻϵʦ
ֻõʮǰΪʦʦѯޣҪҪһͬȥɼϽ硭
̫һ˹ԭǻϸԵ񣬽ԵԼʲһҺҪǲСĵλɳ˻ϵԵԼмֳģæһֺõɫҶʩһ񣺡ʲŲ֪ɳ֣
仰䣬㽫˵˸ͬʱҶһֶ֮󣬱жٻЩɵ룬ȷԼȷûΣһж̫֮ȥԼһȺӶͬʱǰȥԼȥϴ˵ļ
׵֮ҶƫϢȻ󾲴ܹܵĵҽԼҪλ飬ȴˡ
ģٻֻƬҶıǾ䣺޿ҪˣȽλ¡仰׵⽹ۡ
Ȼ⻰˵Ҳûȥɽ磬Щ˵ֻȷеᣬο̾һƬǵصģԣ念ŲԡүүӲʣι˵Ȼ
ҪôһȺ˺Ⱥȵȥ̫ҽ鷿ʱѾҳһţҶƫһߡһ߾ȴܹܵĵ
ֻϧֲܹôĻλȷ൱ֶΣƬ̵Ĺ򣬾ͽֺ鷿ȻһԼľ
˽ԼĻλ⣬Ҷһ䶼ûȥ仹ΪӵʵЦԵû˼ȥ
ļ䣬һС̫һ˵⣬С̫һϷԸϴڣ
һŮҽȥֶŮš
һۻŮӵĻȻϽҴһͬǰһȥˣ
䣬ƫĴžͱ˿˽õк󣬵С̫˳־ͽŸϡ
ʱҶѾ˽ˣһ˰׷룬ϸǹݺᣬֻüĿ仹мֵӰӣȷܹɣŮӴŵɫȹˮĺɫ߼ЩĴǧһ
Ҷϸ˿ŮӵģûƳĽԵҲΨһƵıüĿһϣϣƲĽԵģ
ŮӣǺĽһǿְɣ
˼ţյһСڣʱܹѾҶǰʵܹһͼиˣʱлƣĪǻѾͷ˵£
ôһ룬;ð˳ҪԼѾͷܹĶ˵£ƶԷͷСŵӰȻϤһʱȴ벻ļҵСӡʹôʹˡ
ԼˣСȻԵõĺŲ裬·Ϊеߵǰ뿴Ǻˡ
ֻһǰܹ̾;ˣ
⡭ôܣ
ҶĵģܹܼǵԼһӶˡȻûҶļ棬ֻҶĵ¼ʵ̫ˣԼҼĿȻҪŬòס÷ǳĿϧ
ΪΪԼԺҲҶˣȴû뵽ȻԼҪʱʹˡҶһģһˡ
ôģҶûп˵Ļ
ֵܣǺþδˣ
յ£Ҷܹܣ侫νǲһ뻹ֹ֪ͷƿҪߵͷˣԼĻ
㡭㡭㵽Ǻˣ
ܹܻǲǰһУΪʵ̫ˡ
ҶҲһ㣬ԲΪ⣺ֵܲѾƳô
ҶţܹܾԼеͷΣÿԵѾͷһԼûԼϡһ˲䣬ͻȻΪλϻѾͷʹˣǰλҶĵĻ
㡭ģ
Ҷĵ˵ͷһԼͬʱеĪŮ˾䣺ʲô֣
ŮܹܣλԼչмӵܼԼͷ㿪ڴ


011 ƭ

Ҷе㲻ȷ׷һԼǲǳ˻Ȼ޽ӽ㡣ֵĪԼͽܵԼ洫ǼҲӦĸԼŮְɣѵҲϷ
˵ͷҶװΪֲ㸸Ϊȡģ
ͷֻҲ֪ЩˣԱߵܹܵ˸ʱƳҶŵµһԾ͸֣

ҶеƣûĻ񰡣ϸһ룬ͻȻԼȻûȴڼĸиеһŮ
ҲֻһҲˣû뵽ĽԿȻǾֲ
ôԼͽܸΨһĺɽCOSż׳һ֣ҶﺰһĪɽǲCOSˣͽ鶪һԡ
ͳһöҩݸܹܣ˵Խˣһŵҩȷ˵Եģ
ܹҲҶƭοôˣҲûʲôֵıġҪ˵λȨأʮǰͰеȨȥˣԲİꡣ
ֽ̧ǵҩܹ̾͸оһ֮˳źһֱ£뵤һ󣬾ɢ˾УͣĵѾ˥
⡭
ɴ˫ۣܹ־ⵤҩȻôǿⵤҩȫҪ˹ҩºͲԷڵ塣
Ҷû˵ǵҩǴϺɹģµĶʵϡɵƳһЩΪĵõģ˺Ƿ㣡ȻЧ˵㣬Ŀǰܹ˵ȴǳʡʱ̫ҩܲס
ܹܵ⴦ˣҶľû˵ҪһȥɽҲȥ˵ȫȥͺá
תͷʱƺҲ׹ǰԼˣʵϾ׵ʦҲ˵үүˡ
ǡ᣿
׵ʦǽһλΪĸ֣ʮʹﵽһĸ߶ȣǴλһͬնȥ
һַɽɣҲΪ˽һɣԼĸҲǻԵɺ²ܰݽ¡ҪΪԵȵȣԼĸ׶ģˣҲ཭Լ׵ʱһģ
ҶյʱѾȥʮ꣬㣬λҲаʮˣүүǰӣʵ޷䱾ϵһ
Īǣĳ˴˵ˣ
Ҷļһ棬Ц˾䣺ѧɽɵĹ򣿡
˵ͷ
ѧЩʲôҶѾãĽԾѾʧ˹λȥˣ˵ʱĽ㹻ʱ̵Լĺӣ˵ĽԻһղһգҲûǸȥ̡
ȴ֪ҶЩҶʣ㿪ڻش𣺡ȫķϼȭֻѧһЩǳĶҸȴûѧ
Ҷ֮̾׹ĽڹһΪ念ԽĶ꣬ȭŹûϸȥ̣˳ҲǲϣԼŮ赶Ūǹ
ϼʲôˣ
ĻشǰЩӸոСɣ
СɣҪ˹ŻᷢϼƽʱڵɻѰûȫתΪϼֻǻԡȻҶ˵е㿴ˡ
Ѿͷûʲôʮɵ;ɾͣҲʲˡСƼûԼδɾҪ׸ࡪԼǱȻˡ
ţ
˵ͷҶһģҲ׼λʦ澿ʲô˼Ѿ뵽ջᱻнʹȻΪλʦ棬Լ£ܾܲѯһԼĹΰɣ
ĪҪȥɽ
ȥɽҲϾ׾ɽɵӣҲɽɵĵӣɽıֻСӦǺͱͬ黹ûܹܶɽɱȽ˽⡣
룬ȥɽҲûʲôãϾȥ֮ҾͰˡ׺СҲȺȻֻʣһˣҲǼסСǼסվǳ֮ƣοҪɽɺôԼˣҲˡ
ΪЩѰң޳ȥ֮ͻ뿪ܼˣܹѰԼˣطǵýԼ޵С
뵽Ҳ˾ϣʵʦ桭Ҫȥɽô
Ҷĵ˵ͷʲôҪʰģ⼸վͶ׼ãմһͬɽ
գգۣĲҶ˵ǣ㣡ô˵ҪȥɽĲԼһˣȴû˭
еѰ˼ȻҶƵֻҲϸȥ˵ȵһ׼ϲҲǲ٣ҪҪ˵ĻҪͰ죬鷳
Ѿȹ˲յŵһԣҶվܹܺվҪ˵Щ飬ԺϻлҪ˵ǱƬ̰ɣ
ҶҪ
ҶЦŵһЩҪҲò˼죬Ĺ⾰ǿĻһܻˡֵܣ鷳˵һˣ
ܹû˵ΪҶĶԴϾȻ˿ûй̬ȣΪҶ˵ʱξͽʧȵһ仰˵գѾ׿ˡ
һ˾ôǰĲһ˳ɵÿܹͲ²ҶѾɣƬ֮ʶԼӦ̫һλˣһЩ淨ȻҲġ
תͷĿҶʧĵطѾͷҲҶʲһ־
ҶһһٻҶĵˣ϶ʮǰյҶˡ
Ȼ϶ҶģôȻẦǣ
ȣܹܴҶĵƢ˾ҲͿҪ˦ɫôûùӳԡ
ܹϴûҶģҲûɽɡΪһЩɽദĻڳϵʱҶĵĵĽԽ񡪡ĽҲչԼΨһŮ
һҶľûкԼɣصģĸүүĻԼŮ
ȻҶĹϵүҲˣ
Ƭ̣ڴ°׵µƫû̫ϻһ˾ֱѾҶļ˰ɣ
õ϶Ĵ֮뽫ԼѾλԼӣ׼ʦһͬȥɽе˵ܹͬʱϣܹܿԼһͬȥ
ֱʱܹܲԭͰҶΪʦˣǵҲʧˡ
ԭ֣Ҷôڻʹ漴ΪҶĺôҲϼ棬׼ͨҵϾôҲϾûжסҡ
ȴû뵽ﻹôһϵڣô˵Ҷʹһϵඣ
ͬʱҲҶĴ˷صΪʲôˣ
ɽ磿
뵽Լпֻ̤ڴ˵ŵ磬ܹҲе˷ܣο˼ֻҪҶһͬǰɽ磬Ѿߵ˾ͷпܱӳáܹȥ˭ҲԸ
ǵܼǳûԼҲûʲôӰ죬ԼȷĶǳ룬ܹȻûвӦĵ׼ؼҰһ֮󣬾һͬڻʹҶĻ
ûʲôʰģֱӾڻʹס£ȴҶĻͺáû䣬˸һɶ׺Ҳû°ûʲôʰġ
סڻʹ⼸쵹Ҳ¿Ѿϼɣһƾϼͨ˼ص룬ָָһֶŮڹϵС
ҲֱʱõϲԼʦֵܣһϵ๦򻹶Լ״ڵģ
еΣ㹻ͣܿͻָ˳̬Ȼĵǰ׵ĵطϾĸȥ֮书ֻƾޣȫķʱ׻ָһǺϼȫԼˣ
ָ㣬಻֮ͨһ¾˹һʱĹ
ÿնڴλһ£飬սһšֹ봫λģҲͬġ
Щ˾ΪʲôһЩԺ󶼽ûйϵˣҲȥӦֻǷǳĽλȥͶԳ֮²ܲʣնӰϻϱ
Ϊȥ׼ˡϾΪʵۣ˵ȥȥοȥ׷ѰɵôһȽϳɣõİ취Ƕƻʵ۹ˡĳ̶ֳ˵ôҲû
ʹﰵӿսһţʱѾ뿪˾ǵҶģȴǰһꡣ
ʱһͤУʯʯζϺõʯƳɣͤΧǳŵ÷ɽ겻İѩһĵط
ҶĽǱѾһΧ˵ѹĽһ£רܡȷǺõط
ʱɽ֮ۺɽĳɽɷǳ˽ܵĵطصԭ򣬾Ϊɽɵǰһ
ҶĶߣȻ뷢԰ףȴǺԣǻ׵뷢ֻǸղꡣ
ʱۣ΢һڱƣȻ΢΢Ц۲Զʢŵ÷ģĳɴûĹ
ֻǵƱ֮󣬿Լ΢΢֣ȴε̾˿ֻϧҲð
ĬĬ뵱Ϊɽźεȵ緢һǺܵУԼҲǱ̬˼ĹӣȻǵĹѹס
أǾٸƱѾòˣ²ˡ
̾˿ͻȻһѵģ˵ЩҲȤҶţպȻܹµδţ˵˴һȴպ󣬾ʲô磡
һô磡Ҷڴ䣺ҶĳѾѰɽڣ˷ȥҪȥɽˣ
ɽ硭ûиоԼҶ˵ңԶҶˣʱҲֻԼҶֻһ֮ңһעһһأչ黹ܹҶĵıӰ
أԼյϣҶȴѾɵ
˵ԵģֻҶʮǰһģһòԶܹȣ
һ˲ϣһᣬ˵òȴ˾޴ĺ蹵û׷ϵĿܡ
ɽɵĵȴЩԶʱԸɽӣңңͥеһУļҲ棬һתͷһ˵ʦ㣬˵СʲôˣȻܹʦͬϯ̸
ԱǱʦҲǸŮӣģҲǲףʱҲһƣҲãĸɵ½ӣ˵ʦĹ֮󣿡
Զֲߣ˵̸̾ͻᾪʲôƵأ
ʱÿĻ̾ͻȥţȻͼƭǵʦ档


012 ɽ
ɫԸ߿ֱ䣬˿ûаε˼ȵϹأ⻪ɢȥѾɫˣټǰͥж˺ö
ϹΪĿǰɽɱߵˣ̾ӭǰҶʩʺãһ⼸ʺá
ʵЩˣҲǲʶ
룬ԭ̳ʵۣȻǰЩѸȾλԼӣǼڲʵˣҲǵ̫ϻʡ
֮⣬ɽɵһٲ˻һݣǾɽҶĵСͽܣԼ˵ʦܡ
⼸֮⣬˶˵ݣֱΪʦ㡢ϹΪʦ֣ǲҲɽɵĳ֡
һԣվɽɣɽԽԽǿʢһζͷ
ҶǼ͹λɽǰ񣬱ϾڳˣҪߣҶĶҪһҶĳ֮ʱ˸ŵţֻ۱ֵĻȷһǻʦһˣ־͸ˡ
ʦ桭Ҷǰ˵Ҫʦȥɽôôɽˣ
ҡҡͷʾҪ໰
վǸҶˣȻԸҶһȥɽ磡Ͼʤ֮Ĳûʧֻƣòѹĵ
Ҷĸָһ·һܹ׷ҶĵĻᣬܹ֣ԵҶ˵Լ⣬ҪĿǰ˶ĹˣԸһȥɽеʱֱӾʹӦ
֮£ıǺȻýϽЩ÷˱ֲĺֱӽվԶĵӸ˸ǺЩˡ
ÿҶĹǿǳһӣõϼȾɢֱӽıǺڵһɶ
һ챦Խ£Ҷļ仯£һѩ磬ȻٲѩͬʱϾȻݵѿ
ڵϵɽʱǰһ㶵ķ˿̴˾ΪԼ׹УνǰһС
Ҷļƽ˹Χȴûɢ챦յԽԽˡ
ĹλסͲҶ̴ȥɽ磬ֻҶݶɽ˵ǱѰܲкʹȥԽȰԼ鴦һȻԼȥ
ҲǸɴ䣬ֱӽڷĵӽţҲһͽܻ˵˾䣺ҪˣԺɽɾҪˣ˵ɽһһ㶵ģ˰ԭԼʦҪλһ뿪磬׷Ѱɵ
ʲô׷ѰɵǲŵģΪԼʦԵ񣬿ʲôˣҪȥһطǱУȻٳԳһյľ硣
ͽҲǱȽТ˳ʱͬȥҲиӦ˵ԵģԼʦôֽ꣬ŶʹڹԽǿжȴȵˡ
ɽɵıǺڹûʲôĹЧڻ벻źˡ
ҶʲҲƼϿǵһֱɽɵţ϶ϰ˱źӣǽɽɵźЩȲ̸ָʹҲ˳ģźš

תɽţһСӴʧ˻Ե
һ˵ҪȥûܾϾɽڽȹ̣³ɫҲڶ࣬ȥҲѡһΣԴƲûӰ졣
ӹǲʲ˵ģֻȽϻĵСǡþǸղԶŵˡ
ˣһͬɽʱ˵ģǸеӣŮӣҲ˵ʦ㣬ѩ
ˣ롢ܹԼһˣͨͨһѷеĸо
˱ҶýסǸ߿֮ݺȥǰԿķ⾰ɫͬʱҲʶҶǵĲࡪҲǶԺ˼ڴ
գǰֻ˯ʱ룬˭ĳΪʵ롢ܹܡЩ˻סǼˣȴһ˷֮ɫҿͲûҶĵ˾һתתˡ
ȻûҪԭҲҶĵȷȺϵرĺһͨҷйء
ҶĽȫЩ֮󣬲ûֱӻɽǴֱ֮أʱʦ棬ɽƽôȥʲô
΢΢¶һźЦݣҶֱӵ˳ȥһȺСҲýĵȥ
⻰ü˶ͷԣȴ̾˹
Ҫ˵ʲôŲµ飬ôŽľǼѾħˣʮȺƺѾڼ֮طչˣҲЩ⵽ʧйأȥҲ»ᱻȺ˶ȥ
֮ðһȴģһ뵱ħһ㣬ƷͳΪĿĵ塣
±ħ̸޼ɵֻΪشƫԶǱֶǳɽ֮أʹԼĽȴΪ
ЩҶ˵ȴ˿⣬Էɣνĳɽǰǰ裡⣬֮κ˶νΣǶԷʲôֶοεԼ
ܻôȫԺһ㡣
ҶֻһĹ򣬾ҵǼڣȻ⼸˵ǰǼʶʲôɼֶΣ
ĳ֮µĽ꣬ҶĸͲҪϸЩһ鷳ֻҪҵȺ˵ڣȻһͨȥͿԽһжݻ٣ЩפľӪ⵽Ҷصչˡ
ûЩ䣬಻һȺçֻҪͨ͢ȺһҲƲʲôˣ
ȻһըҲܽԷ׽𣬵ǳ͢һֱڶ⼸ñԶг͢פֻҪĽ첻ǰ׳գôŵĹǲܲȥ졣
һֱҶĹڽеļѾĴˣǲҶľֲʲôΣѾȫĴˣҶǰǧ˵Ҳֻǻӻֵ顣
ȴãΪҶݶ֮УȫƾһֹͶݶеΪãݶɽ֮УָҲǼ죬ҶǱָ̬ŻֲЧ
˵ݶ֮ڣǽ޹ʹõBUG
ȻҶĿԽݶôݶеκһƾʹãʱԸЩˣһͷ£ݶɵһﶼΪҶĵɽӴֻڵҶҪһ㻹һЩ
ҪķѸľǸͷȻ˷Լľ
ż֮ת˼죬½ĽɸݺݵĻһ֮ҶĲ΢һڶЩҲǺԼɽʧ˺öӵԪףֻϧЩѾˣҶĲŲô׷Źǡ
ȥٽŵĵףԣǰٽžôѾˡ
ٽŵȷг֧֣֧͢ȴǻʵ룬һλλλܷүˡ
˵ˣ봫λһͳĴˣλȴһλĶ֮󣬲ǻʺ
ڻʼҲûʲôϾʵ۵Ժڶ࣬ӶҲֻﲻɢүһҪ£Ͱһ
ͬʱΪ˶ԿɽɱҲԼĽҲǰٽšֻϧ˲ãǰٽűϵǸҲǣЩѾ鵽ЩüĿԼǶӸǱˡ
˵ҶĲȥᣬҲŹٽţڴλʱֱӸ߼εӣλԺҸͰǰٽˡΪˣԼӼλ֮̾ȥԼ֡ԼԼ˼
Ѿ˰ţҶҲͲȥˣݶԼģԺƼԣٽǰٽҲˡ
Щ˵Ƿư׾ٵ飬ҲҪ˷̫Խæ꣬ҶֱӴ˻ɽ
˼һ֮ҶֱӾʣ鶼ô
˵ͷһӦ鶼ˣЩΪ˵ĵӶѾɽͬʱҲصɽ
Ҷĵ˵ͷȽУ˸½½Ľ˴
ʱֻ˼λ׵ȻΪҶİŵģԱ߰ŵǸȴΪ׼ġ
ˣΣĻʵۣҲֻɽɵһӵݰˣվϹ͵ףܹԻţȻǻӲʵ
£Сһĵˣվڴ˴ϧһУ֮⣬ֻˣǼ֮󣬻ͽܡ
ͬʱ췲ǸӣʱҲ˱վڸ׵һеУһԼĴڡҶƼҲһ֣źӵ轫ӱ˵⺢ӵѾҪģӦֲźã
˽ԵͷӦǣȴ˭Ҳҽ硣Ҷһƣ׹оԼ˵֣䵽Լˡ
׼ѿھ͵ͽгˣ
ȴǰһ࣬һ٣ҰɽɲCOS˵Գ̶Աһƽƽ
˿ɲ֪ҶЩ˼ֻĬ˼䡭䡭쳤䡭ţ֣
òãҶĲãԼ˵֣Ⱥӹû˵ãôƽӴ𣬾ͽ쳤ˣ
ȹЩٸѾߣ棡
ŪһС䣬ҶĿתϣҪҶһһһģȴԼʦ
ֻҶĵЩԺ˵ΪʦȽ°ˣ
ȻЩ⣬ǹԹԵȥۿҶվŵɽӵҵݣǶѾˣûҾɽɵߴţҲʮǰѾȥҶģǵʦ棡
ڶȻ֪׶ۼоǴһĵĵӸǰʦɽҪǿʢˣ
ȴҶһĿľֻһǾǴȥɽȥ
һ㶣˭û뵽ҶľȻ˵ⷬһʱѻȸǾȥɽ磬Ҷʦ棬ͽ˵ˡ
Ҷļ֪̫ףһʱƬ̵ҲܲˣҪ
е⣬ƮɶһֱɽԼĪаԶͣ¡ʱڶȻҶһĪǽǵг̧ͷڰϵҶġ
ֻҶĵ˫Ŀ˫ֺʲôһ̧ɽ͵һҡΣٵ㲻ȣֱˤڵأ㳡ж˺öغ«
ڴʱԾеĵע⵽Լû䣬ȴԽԽ󺰵ɡˣɽˣ
еɽˣɽΧͨˣͷ㶵Ŀǽߵɽͣ۾⡭⡭𣿡


013 ɷ
ضɽҡ
˾ɽڵĸоƾԴҲ벻һʵĴȥĿǰ
˭ɽϷɣ
Ī˵ˣƽЩ־ֻ֮Ĺ£ҲƵŶΣżἰҲֻһ仰գǸʲôģ˭Ҳ˵
ɽȴһѣ
ɽΧһھȴĿ񼣡ͶЩ˴඼ΪɽɸɻĵũƽҲɽɹգӹĵҲǲǽգǸɻʱȴоһ𣬱Ϊǵ𣬿ɵֱ֮ſĴҲϲˡ

ǵ𣿱Ƚ΢ʲô
Ǹ㿴Ǳߣ
һֱӣԴһƳģ
Ǳߣɽ
ɽôʱΪ⣬Ͼס˼ɽһֱǸӣСɽͶɽϤĲϤˣͬʱҲûʲô棡
ǽεתɽʱȴɴ˫ۣſڽãݲ֮ͻȻһɤӣҵﰦĪ˯Ϳ˰ɣ漴ǰֵܣһƣ
žһ죬ɽɻ𣬴ʱѾɵʮߣʱΧܹԶĴԼسˣҲƼ澰
ǡôʱʱ֣ûԷʱ֣سﱾвڽϹ䵴ȻҲٲһЩһεƤ
ЩƤ죬һֵ䣬վڽʲôҲ˲ˣֻǰͷԶĪۻ˰ɣôɽˣ
ԱЦ⻹ûأܵȥ͵˾ƣôôͿʼˣ
ҳɽǲǷɵȥˣ
Ц٣㻹ûǲɽôܷɵȥ
˵
Сҳ򡭡һ룬תͷ֮ĿҲŲֱֻ㶵ԶȻһѽɽ
һɤӿɲˣʱǾվеУһɤӺ󣬽˵ע˹˼ƤɤӣǼһֱԶɵҲ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥ
ƵϷһһǱһƣس˾Ա˳մľżɵ㶵Ŀɽ֪˵Щʲô
ǡиĵʿ⼸ⲻšͻȻǰڶ˷׷ԶɵҲתͷȥֻһֱۣӾɵ
ѧϰѧ⼸վɽϹݺȥĵͻȻһĪɽгʲôɣ澰ײϣĪʲôԤʾ
ԽѰ˼Խô£ȻӺתͨһͣʲôʲôɾĴ֮
һ򣬴Χշ׷׹򵹣̼ûվŵˣ˹ڵزͣߵͷҲдʡ
кɾģкģһЩŵĺXģ֮ǧٹ֣ʲôð˳ΨһͬľЩ˶ɽԵޱȹɽһһ
ʱɽѾԽԽߣһ⻪ɽưһ߲ʰ쵵ĵǣڶɽӱŸ߶ӣܲǸ߿ԼѹԼ磬߲һ֣ɽ˾͸оࡣ
˴ӵվԼƽһ㣬ж磬ٲ֮УͬʱҲоɽҡΡ
˵һˣȻеڶˣʱ˼Ŀתһԣ߲ʰ쵵Ĺ⻪ԼУ˷׷׳Ը̾ɼֶΣ
̫С˳ӣðɣһô˰ȥ˵˵ɶأ˵£ҶҪɽɽȥ𣿡
Ҷ˵Ҫȥɽ磬˳ҲС˳˵һ֮󣬾ҲǴϼ״ӣѡһЩɫĺһͬǰȥûϵҶľȻô󣬾Ȼ뽫ɶɽ硣
Ҳ˵ˣɽŶŹȻɽ˿Уҷδ֪֮ء
ʦ˼˴ܣɽҲϡ棡
ǲҶôһŪ̳ķ粨Ȳ˵ɽֱ֮ӷɵеģ¾ҹ͵͵ȥǵڶɽʧһ˵ע⣬οĿ֮·ɵϵģ
һƣ߲ʰ쵵Ĺ⻪֪֮Ҳã߲ʹ⻪һ֣ͻȷĸˣֶˣ
ɽȻ뿪磬пܻΪǼٵˣҲһֱȥ
Ҳ²Ĳ࣬ʱɽĪ˵ѰգҲɽΧܹ˶վڿ߲ʹ⻪ŵɽա
ɽΡΡգĪɣ
ʱʲô͹˵ϣԱʦүү㶣æ⼸ղ˵ɽϾɫ⻪ȥôЩԣϹɽʦҶļݹʱģ񼼣׼ҶǰʹֶΣ
ŲѣԭΪǰԣɽɵʦҶĳɹĿ¾ɽ档
Ǻ֮˳ȥ˾䣺ҲʲôطȻܵҥ£
ȥԼǴ˺ôԵʱ΢ôһ㣬ɸɽ̽һҲܽһԵʹܵõɣõһô念̩ҲǺõİ
ɽҲϲˣҿǼƣҲɽɵδȥ
ǡҪȥﰡ
ʦү룺ĪɽҪɷɽȥ

Դеת̫үһǷɵԽԽߵɽһ߸̾ԼȻǹڵһȻûãֻãҶ˼ȻˣӦİɡĻοԼ
ϧʱҶĸûȥǣЩ˵ʱۼȫݶɽԼһɵУƿһѷ죬ɽ뿪ݶ
֮⣬ҪʩչɽɽϵиôΪɽԽԽ죬ǿȺͨӿɲܵˡοҪĸùСı˦ȥǾȫʬ³
ƣɽɵҲˣҶת𽣹⵱ȼɣɽͺƹ˳ܳĴͼװ䣬ҲŽ
ôоԼеʿ
ҶĵĽԽԽҫۣҲԽԽǿֻϺƶһɫ̫֮ɽ̼ͳɸ߿գʱеվߴȥͿɿΧƶ䣬ҲƲµľ
ֻɽȻһϹ⣬ϹԽԽǿֱ߲ʰ쵵ɽͽϹԽԽߡԽԽ졣
ʱǡһЩϹɽˣϹ⾪еҶǰ
ȻҶǰʩչֶô
ҶǰȻѾǵõˡȻɽ
ɽɡȫɶԵˣ
̾ţͻȻ˺ޣ
Χ˺棬˾䣺ɽѣ
ҡͷ
˼쳣⣬׷һ䣺ģ
˴ұҲɽϵһѧͽǰЩҲʹǰһɽֻĵ̵ûӦû뵽ȻһԵ
֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôǺãҲвЦһ︣ȻŵԵ˳ȥֲñˡ
Դ˶Уȴ޵ĸˣϤ˺ȰοһȴҲȰסҲֻȥˡ
ʱɽѾһ߲ӰֻԼһɫ⻪ٹһǲɫ⻪ҲʧʲŷһоͻλãԭӦɽȻʧΪԼһĵΡ
иܵɽԭڵֻӦڴ˴ɽѾûӰӣܱߵļСɽҲһˣֻһôĴͣȷʲôµľֻôһˡ
Ҳ֪ҶĹģǾݶԷľٶȵ˶Ʋǹ⻪֮ƽϷͻȻ֣Ǵģתۼ侹Ȼ谵ҹ
֮һ¡죬ıٲһ豩꣬ٻڿֵ̾ͱ˸ϡﻩ
мվԱˣЩһУÿԱһѣû
겢һֱ£϶ԼĪһ£ɽ˷ԭɽĵطȻһ˼޲棬˵Ҷ˲ԭ羰ɽһ˳ªһɽ
̫үҲȥ鿴һ޽һרŹҶġ
ʱдۣʵݽôһۣΪ۱ʹ⣬˵Իڡ
ϧǲã͵丸һ˽½ԼײǵԵԵӦɽϡ
۳ɽʮǰյʦҶĳɹʩչܣɽɽȥɽʮ˶Ŀɽ龰һ£ɽȻûԣԭɽ֮ڻһټЩ鲻ԼԼӦˣ
Ӳûаɳղȥɽһˣ
𣬰մ󲿷˵뷨ղȥ˺ٲҪʰһ٣Ϊ˭Ҳһɽܷգղȥ鿴֮ĩҲ͵ˡ
ϻֱӿڣҶɾܺҽ죬ǰලҲɺŪ£ȵɣɽһؾ
˵Ѿڳǻʵֵˣɽؾ͸Ϊɽذɣ
˵ջ˻֣ЩҪ˵ЩʲôĴֱԣ˳
Ϊּ⣬ɽȫɽȥ飬Ĺ⾰ʹ£ټһȺȥɽ֮ҲһƲɽȻɵĴʡ
ȻҲһЩŵˣһЩ˵ĴȥɽҲɽһ֮Ҳòͷ˴¡
߽ģĸɽںδɽûˣһгǧ˼ҳĵ˵ԼĿɽ벻ҲǲС
ЩۼҶλɵǰ֮ˣǳΪ˽ܻӭˣߵﶼ˿ͿȾƳԷΪҶǰ顣
⣬ɽɵĶ󣬾Ϣûã˵ɽϣҶǰ֪ȥɽһؽлٹȥֻ˵ɽŵûֻ̫࣬ҶǰκòȻɽžͲ˵ˡ
Լһ˵ʦȻ׷Ѱɵȥˣ
⻰һĪϧ˭Ҳ⻰ʲôҲЩｭһ󲻽֮ա
ȻⱻڸɽȫһɽϢ֮£ô⣬˸Ը̸ɽɴȥ֮󣬽ϵĸǲҪ仯ˣ
ϻû䣬ԼھʹǰٽħϢֽĿתȺ۴սٽһ


014 
Ǹ飬ҶѾûȥˣʱɽһ·ɳ˴㣬ȻǿյС
˵ʵԼһֱɿԿʱҶĺǾһ£ΪݶеֻһأһֱշɾͿıԵˣû뵽ݶûʱͦףȻܿһ
ҶĻķһĲֻͬһɨܿͷֻҪǰƬ̣ͻһƬıԵԭûб߼ʣΧΪһ壬ֻƾͨۺƳ
ҶĵͫǿԿģȫעıɽ̫գҷɣһעɽ˿ɾͶҪ군
ҶĵСɽȴԾһƬڵ۲ֹ
ǵˣ
ôܣûʦһֱߴȻͻȻͱҹôǵԵĵطˣ
Ŷ˵ǵˣ
⡭
һ˾Ȼ˭Ҳ˵Ȼѧʶ֮ˣҲ˵ΪʲŻǰգգ۾ͱһƬڣ
Χ߲ʹ⻪ת˻ǿԽǹ⻪һУǲȥ׼֮¡
ʦͣˣ
ʲҶļŽһ󼲷ɣһβһɫ⻪ȴǲһʦѾסΡ
ϹҲ̧ͷƣƵĪǵˣɽô
⻰һ޲һɽԼԤϵʵǴྶͥȻںʲôûУɽֻģ»˼֡
뵽˴ȻұֳʲôǶٻֹͣǡڴʱһֱĬĶһֱûŲ˫ȻһУͱԶͻȻĹ⻪λۣȴɲƿߣִֵļߴҶġ
ԭҶѰ˱߼֮󣬻챦ǱϿһѷݺݵһ
ѷһ󣬾ݶԸ򿪵ģֻϧѷȴʼղĻֻҶһ˽Ī˵ɽˣԼЩҪȥ鷳ֱǿնýԼɽԴ϶ͨ
ɽֻͷϹ⻪˵ǰҶʱͷǶһɫ̫ôһǿҪĸ̫ҪۣЩһһ޲˫ĿҲֲסֻý˫۽ա˫۾Ҫϵˡ
ǹ⻪һţȵ˫֮󣬾ͼǺĸ߿֮϶һУԽһжɽȥһ㡣
Լп
ǸǸʲô
áȥɽͨ·
ÿЩ˲ʲô˭ҶһǸԽߣ´ʱѾ޵ˣΪǸУһڶ
ҶҲͦ죬Լһ֮¾Ȼѷ˺ڶݶеı仯ͨԼĸоòƺڶǳڣҲҴȫɵ塣
ɽڶɣҶŽ˽ȥȵҶĵҲʧǺڶԽԽСҲӰһʣҲŷʲôûзһ㡣
ҶһǺڶֻǰȻһ䣬ԼҲԾֻҪٹ룬ôԴͻǲߵĶһ쳣ܵĽӴ
⡭оҵһγʱΪư
ҶѾǵҶģ龰̾һתֹסͷͷٶ˾ƮƮ˵ϡ
عͷǾݶʱͣͬʱݶΧǹ⻪ƣɽ޷̫ãҪѰʵĵطɽųСⲻɽ϶Ǹʵĵط
̧һУݶ˵ĳﹷһ˹ȵͣҶϵתͣ
Ҷžݶһ㣬˾ƮƮƮȥ
˶ڵʱǡÿԼָûһСⶺСèӷˣҶļֻǴ˸кһˣȻ˿ͣĳɽ
عͷƣѾ˼ӷƸҶһеģ֪Ŀǰ˵ʱûʣֻ󣬾ҶĵĶ
ҶҲû˵ʲôֻһƣ󿴵Ⱥмһذĵص㣬ʲôĶǲףѡˣ
ֹסΣԻµ˿һ㣡
µ˵ͷɫ⻪˰ԶͣΣôƮڿҶߴһͣסΣͼҶĽоݶԼǰһףݶڿеתڣǺĴҶʲѡõǴغҶĶǶһģͼǾݶϵĹ⻪ҫȴǰޡɽĹ⻪ͼ֮⣬кԼ֮š
䣬ͼǾݶͻȻһɫ⣬߲ⲻͣȻƾնһɽ
ǡɽ
Ҳɽ˺ö꣬ȻɽϤޱȣʱȻüҲޱȾ
Ȼɽˣ
ԴɽĻ뵱ʱ򣬻ֽ˳ƺԷơѩɲ䣬ƽֻʦֳ֮ҶʹЩֶΣĳƺںøʲôġһֱֻһ
ʱҶƮڿУɽѾӶгҲǿģֻ˰죬ȴѰʵĽص㡣
´ʱѾƮ˹Ҷü֪ĵ飬ֻɽˣʲôΪѣ
ʲô
Ѱ˼Ӧôɽȥ
Ȼû뵽ҶľȻô£һɽôڶУгڣȻɽǸҲͺˡ
ȴûϵҶ˰죬ָһƬеģȴһҲ֪ǳҰɽںǳĻãǺޱȣǽɽûˣ
˼ۣͻȻ뵽˸õӡ
ʲô⣿
ţָָɽþƮڿУһЩô
Ҷһ㶣ϸɽֹȻˣʱ续ɾһһյĸɽеɼ֮أ
뷨Ҷһ°ƣ޵úýһ
²˵ֻǷ˸۸ҶģȻҶνĽʲôϵݺһˣԴҲܣС
Ҷ˶ƣþݶɽ·ɽλһ΢ߵɽ·ҲΪͨ·
Ȼϸ۲һ֮ɽ·ҲѰ˿ˣеṦܻԽѰҴ·߳ɵĿ·϶
ֹ۲ķ򣬷·նͲ֮ܳΪ·ǴɽǾڴɽּߣɽ֮ϰѩͲѰܹ̤ĵط
һõط
ԼɽɶǸյɽ磬һڣҲԾ
ɽգҶıҲеѰ죬ɽǾݶĲݶ仹мֿҲ˵ֻҪб֣ԲɽˣڿҲû⡣
Ļ
Ҷͷһ𣬽ɽʱǼ˳ļСɽͷʱߣɵıɽ˼֣Ȼ󽻴Ʈɽɽ۵ҶѰ⼸ƸСһСɽЩô˵ԵģϢ߱չصھͺܲ
ҶķֳԼĪʮСЩյĴС޼ʱٲʲôģ޷Сôһ뱸ˡ
ʮ
ͻȻֺе˵ͷϸȥһʱ벻㶪һԲᣬҶĶԻ֣Ȼ˾ݶֱɽ
ʱɽѾȶΧŵ߲Ȼɢǹ⻪һɢֻоһޱȵĿ˼Ծһ
ۡµĿ
⡭ɾôֻһȻһˬĸо
ͨ˵ķ־ѾǼˣЩѾɾ͵ĸ˵ⷽǰ֮ͬԡ
Ĭֻһ̧Լо;ۼһźͬʱԼһ䣬ĵͲ˻
ɼ֮ء
оתԼ嶼˼֣д¹һ£Ȼ²ҲжʮܻĻʣ̤ǿסʮһأͲ¶
ϹҲˬԼƶࡪȻⴿǴܸĻָˡ
֮ͻȻһ죬ԱߵļһƣΪͻȻ¶һߵģ漴ֵŮ˭ǰ
ŮӺǺɽһλǰŮɣںɽһۡ
Ǻɽﻹסʲôǰ
ã
ٺ١֪˰ɣҡҺ˵ɽɵĺɽһλǰǿʦͬĸ֣Ϊʦоɣɽӡ
Ŷ
һȺԵԽ˵Խ𾢣ֻƬȴǸӺߵһԲȥˡ
ֻȴɾԪ˳ԣǵ߱ˡ
ڴʱҶĴŻ㳡֮ϣ˼Ҷ׷ʩһʱ䡮ʦʦ桯֮ﲻҶľöһ죬˺һŻع
΢΢˵ͷǻֱУȻ·ٲһЩʣŮ˭
Ŀĵʦķˣ
һܣ̾ƿĿ⣬ƣ»Ҳа˼
һõҶλ˰ոԵıվ֮ҶĲŵʦżû飬ǹȫɺúðȽ
ͷӦǣԱԵĵӽ¡
ĿǰҪȴɽλõкȥ⣬Ϲֱӵǰʦλʦ֣Ϊգ޷ִƱɣԲò֮λʦ֡ʦ念ֲ֮·ʦֶ飬ʦƱɣ
Ҳûʲôյ飬ӡɽ߼ĵطˣҲƵ˰ɣ
οǰҶĵֻƬҲܲ²ĳԺǼʮܻǧĻ滹ʲôգҲǧ֮ˣǵҪǵ顣
Ϲ⽨һ˶׷ӦһӦ̬ҶĴʱֻоԼǱƾٳͳɽɲǼԿطν긽壬վ˸ơ
Ȼˣôɡ
ǲƴǣʵ뷨ֻԼ˵Ϲ;Ȱѻˣʲô˼ܾ͵аһСӣ飡͹Ȼ˸ͽܰ
˵Ҷʲô˽ģֻɽɵţԼ֮˻˵֫ȫȫߣڵ˭ʸȥѲõӵȻ̫ţ
οǻʷϵһţ֮λ͵Ҷ


015 
Ҷɽ֮λûκ飬µĵӸûܹԵ
֮ҶҪľеһöʯȻȥϢѩ͵һȺ˻֮˵¡
ʯѩ˴õķֻҪһ飬Ǳ߳һӦ˾ͻ֪ѾӶлȻֱߵϻɽ
ֻĿǰȺһܵöԶҶҲܸɰͰ͵һɽɵȣɴɢȥȸԵ飬һЩҪ£ǽ̸һ£˽һɽɵľ
ҶһɨлʣµĵӣԼֱϵˣȴˣмȽĵӣҶĶЩ˺İȴҪǵģԼ£ԺЩӵıʡ
һ飬ҶȶϹ͵˵˵ɽڲһЩְȨûʲô䶯ɣ
⼸УȻִɽ꣬˼ȴϹꣻΪ˹ʵеʱ᲻ЩǱص˼ֻԼһһ䡣
ҶֻȥϹʦֶΪΪ˻飬ԼֻҪ΢˵һͷܹȫ˼ԼҪ֪Ķ
ɽ󣬳ȴרŸɵӴ֮⣬˲ѧͽЩѧͽѧ֮ɽԼ̣ƽ޲ũʲôΪٲɽϣΪɽӷ񡣡
꽨֮Ϊܹ֤ɽӵ彣⣬ѾͬѰ޷׼ɽɽˣҶЩҸƷ˲ɽڱһʹơ
򷨱Ҳþļźãƫ˵֮Ǳľޣæɽ飬ͲЩֻ͵ܹ̽һЩõϢ
ʦܹ޵ǹ⻷ҴƷүүǾ͸ˣ
Ҳףе̫ŵܹҵһˣҲֻܵһľϲܵһϣΣؼԼν⡣
ϧһʱҲý
εҡҡͷֻǵʱȲҪٴˣиӶıУٶҲ˷ѣ
ϹûʲôȴҪഢһЩбôԸԼʦֽһɽ統УǷ˵ıûʲôôʦŽֹͣУðװ˷ʱ;
Ŷ
ˣ˶뵽һ㣬һֱ˶˹뵽Լ˵ıкܿܳΪ㣬˶üͷԼɽе˼ǡ
Ҷļ˵ʲôĻڵӾͻʧȥģʧȥܶĶԼȺ˴ù
ҲҪ٣ʹûбʲôΪʦ⼸ʮҲûʲôرıУֻƾһ۶ɵҲɽ
ԣԼͬĽĿŵʦʦ棩ϣзġкҲмֲ⡣
Ҷļ״ֻýһΪʦ֮󣬲ǵɽ磬ǵһ磡ҲͨˣܻһѰũ򣡡
˻ǵһҶĽЩ飬ж˼ΣվҶ˵
Ǹ磬һСˣΪ׷̤֮Ⱥ˿ɳ֮ΪʿҲ˵ߣһʼʱ򣬾ͨûʲô𣬵վãͻӵĪܣǿ˼żͻշɽ磬ΪеһԱ
˵ڵв⣬ΪǲҶ˵Щʲô˼ʦĪǵʲôĹԡ
ǰһҶʲô湦ԴǣôҲȫԱ֮ˡ
ֻҶЦЦǣҲǣ
˱Ҷ仰ȫͷԣҶվ˫֣һޱţƵģΪʦ֮󣬲ʽʵ֣һޣνޡǽЩϰ֮ˣ
˻һ΢׵ʲôǰһԺĻȴǸڴ
Ҷ΢һɨʹ˵ЩԴ㹻ϹͣȻһЦݣѾйؼ
Ȼޱ飬˸Ҳ뵽ˣӹȴһ汦ģȻ겻СҲḻ˲٣ЩƵĶɲóԼյأ
ȴüͷʱʱɿǻ۲Ӧô벻ףôΨһĽ;Դ̫࣬⣬ʱ֪Ϊʲôأ
ȥ΢еãã͸һ⡪Ѿͷ鲻㣬õ٣һʱ벻ͨ͸ȴµĲµ˵㶫
֮⣬леܹܡ£ûзȥ룡̫ǵü˳ĿҲʲô飬ǳڹġ
ڲԵǵͷָ⴩ͣһⶫָⲻͣζһС㣬ʱԲϲҲʲô֮ɫ̵ɽӣʱɴ˫۰Ͱ͵Ҷġ
֮⣬лмɽӣлһɣͶɽɣϹԼ£ԼӦʱҲڵУüͷ˼š
Щ֮⣬ܹҶעģһˣͦΣһ˧ģΨһе˫üͷƺԵе㳤ʱ˴һۣҲǵȻվһɳ֮Ҷľһ
ҶĽĿתһվŵĶϣˡһֱԼҶҲƲ˫﾿̺ʲôȻҶе㲻Ҷӡ
Щ鿴ӣʵ϶ֻҶһɨŵ˲࣬ȴ٣һ۾ĿǰɽбȽϳɫ˴µ˽⣬Ժ̵ӵʱЩ˿϶ȵλϡ
Ϊʦ֪˺ܶ󣬷ִ󲿷ʿΪܹóĹϹڲ٣ΪȵȷϡǲɱȴͨЩʿ˶ԵУĻǷԵķɽ֮Ķ
˵ڳ˶Ҳиӡ󣬱ϾݶҲƵĴ˵£ҲһЩдһЩ־ֻȶοһЩηĵʿҲԼЮĶʲôʲô֮Ķ
˵û˭ⷨʲô˼ټҶ˷ɽӣֱ̾ӡˡɱ˵Ķˣ
ôȻ˵㣬ȴûдҶҲûҪȥ˵֮һȴ䲻ͬһǣ޵ƾһ˫ӲЩʿķΪʦңһ˫ƻ˲֪˵ķֻҪڼҲعڵûб⣡
ⷬԼ˿һͬʱҲǡֻҪŬȫص⣬ʵڲ㻹ȭͷǵȭͷǺӲģ
ڵ֮Ǿ䣬˾ã÷ԶԶĺԼԼȴֻȭͷδԿ˵㣿
Ҷĵ۳ɽɾѧʲôôɣЩ΢ĩ
һﱻһ߳͵ɽɵƾѧȻʹ۶ɵķɽһУͲ¶ֶԶԶĺԼˡ
·Ϊ˸ҼģҶֵһοҲȫڽⲫǿᵽһ֮ŵľ˿ȴ˵еĲ
Ҫ⻰˵Ҷһ̤΢΢˸Բƺһ͵ĳֻҶһԳһѪڴҶкХֻоǾɳ֮жһεѹһЩĵӲԾıҶһĳķϣ˲ûˣȫһˡ
ǡʮƣ
еӶɽĿǰľ񣬶ɽɵľѧȻãҵһʱ佫ĿתĿǰڣΪͨƷĹȴһݵҶĳƾ̾ͣʶģȻƵĳҶһΡ
ֻǴһƾҲĵԲҶĵƾʵҲһۻŷ֮
ͬʱҶһĳɳԶأԲɢһĪ˵ˣñǺĳһҲһ㡣
ǡôʱԵͻȻһ콣ǵײһ˶ûӦôµʱ򣬾úһ죬ɢƾմ磬εۡ
ʱǲŻعȻתͷſȥȴһ˿վڴſڣһ˦˫һ߱Թʦ⻶ӭʽ̫ˣʦܳܲס
ȻɣҶҲûϵԼʾʱǡ÷ɹԼʦܵٶȵȷ̫죬ֻԼоͻˣ˾͵ԼǰˡȻҲҶûȫעΧйء
޲Ŵͣ˵춼һȦȴû뵽ôֲһƾȻ˽סˣתͷҶģһɣһƲһ֮µĲ˾ôƣȴ֪ȫһƻôֲ
Ѱ˼ţȻ
ʦ壡ʦ
еӿͻȻһˣҪȥ塪ԼȥҲãƻǵģǡϹͺһɤӡ
һǾûмıҪˣ⿴ʮ࣬ŮӵҲԼˡϹ󳤱ʦʦҶĵʦܣôҲǵʦ棡
ңʶ˸ûˣϳ˶һƲ˭˭
Ϲͺ͹ɤӣӦ˹㶵Ű׷ԲԣϵĲӵϹͣͲȷͶ
ʦ
ϹæҪǰʦߵͷģ͸ͲȥߵͷһͷȥӾˡϹģȷ̫˵㡣
ôϳһУһϹ͸סȥͬʱΪ˼һ˸еĸоֱЦһ˺ĻĪȢ̫ࣿ

˶һû͵ᱲӶ°ʦ湻Եģ
Ҷȴʹʲô˼֣߰ɣҲýдҿòͬʱҲ
ͺٺЦЦϹ˵˾䣺ĪҪģʦڣ㾡ָٶȢҲ޷
ϹεЦЦȻվԭʱһɫĹ⻪˽ǡͣ͵ԣϹһƣȻǲȷʦ
һɤӲҪȴѸոջ״ĻظһתͷͣĿе˼ȴ˶Ƶĳͷ˭
ʦǻͶ
һôô
νС֮òֱС˺ö࣬ʱȥʮСһʱӣһƤСһһ뵽ȴϹͷӵʦȻȤְݲЦֻñĺࡣ
ҶҲǱܣͣĬ壬ֻϧ˺öҲãֻðһģɽկʧܣ


016 
Ϲ͵ĶԻûг̫ãǰҲϤ仰Ū
һػ̾һ䣺ԭѾô˰
Դ֮յľͺ͵ܣĺòңΧ˶Ѿòϣʱʲôû׼ȷĸһۼϹͣϳӣʶȻѾ˼ʮˡ
һͬվҶԣ˲źü˵
ƾ֮⣬ɽɻнԼרɽԣǲҪЩ֮Ķ
һ仰ܽᣬڶһЩģҶĿ˷׷׳һ֪ԼʲǷӦеЧ
ȴףûзվǳ֮ƣĲ磬ɽ磡ʿΪ˰շרעϰ似ȴҲ㡣
Ͼ֮󣬾ζŽ޾ԪǴʱصһĻڡԣҶΪ˺пǿྫĴڣɽɲܾ⣬ҪԿ
ȷŵһ԰ɣ
ҶϹͼ˵Ϲ͵֮⣬ҩݸ󣡵ɳ´򣬿ϧ´ȥ֮ҩݸһֱûѰʵĴˣҲֻܹճ´µһЩҩһЩ򵥵ĵҩ֮Ǹеͷ֮С
ҶüͷϸߣΪ˷ɽҽǸһṩ˲ٱѧͽѡ񣬻˺üҽݣԱЩѧͽи֮
ϼʮȥˣɽɵҽûд˻࣡
ô£
Ϲεĵ־ѧҽ֮˲Ըɽѧϰҽʣµѧͽʺõȴûмˣһȥľͳģ
ҶȻû뵽ȴôһʱ𣬵һһĿɲô⣬Լ·߼ģûʲôȻɫѧƫƫʱҽѧмߵҪѧѧѧɸйоصУΪҽǾԲˡ
㣬ɽкöйоصҽߣǰμȴһûУһȥĶҲϡƽˡ
룬ҶҲͽҲŵһԣΪⵤҩ֮ĶɽӦҲһ˵ͷ֮зӳ̶ȣܲһĲ϶١
ͬʱһܹоˣһɵķչҲΪҪƫҶĲͨ˵ƷһĿǰֻ룬Ȼ󿴿ԺûʲôܽⷽƵĻᣡ
֮⣬󷨵ҲҪ
̾һҶҪĴһʱҲڴʱɽڵڴ㿪ʼҪҲ٣Ҳ̫ż
룬ȺӵΪ͵ȥ˵Ͼôھ˵ֻҪܹȥôʵӦûЩѰҲκβǡ
ϹͲҶ˼תͣʱڱţ֮⣬˱ɵϰĵڣɵӶȥѧϰͬʱɽµɽԺǶ⿪ŵġ񡭡
ЦЦû˵ȴǲɽԺʲôˣ
ɽɷ֮ǰɽɵĵӸɽһ飬ͬʱɽԺҲͣΣѧǷ˼١
ԵҶĴɽʱɽϾֻɽɵĵӡɽӣûвȻ˵ɽ£ҲЩ롣
ɽ磬ȻɽǸʲôԺûʲôôˣ
Ҷ룬ԸһԺʰʰµԺˣϾԺӾɽŵλãɽĵ·ȿԵӴ֮ҲԵһɽŵڣ
ֻһɽڿУȥԺĵӻѡЩ¸ߴˡԺǽһƣȻڸ߿֮ϣСĹʲôҲˣ
£͵ˣʦɽڿеģʱ򻹱һΪɾеĳ澰ԽԽɽĻȴû˵ˣȻҶʹʲôֶΣʦɡ
һ˾һһֱɽϣûüĴȥƣԲɽһ˵ɽȻڿˣ
ҶȴĵֻǾȽһЩˣ
ĵȴ뵽žݶɽʹܹڿУԺԶأ㿴ݶԺǲܴˣҪɽеƺһĶñ֤һֱܹϣ
뵽ԼһܳԶݶһ磬ԼȺͽͽ͵ɽһ塪һµĻɽж˾͵ˡ
ͬʱݶҲһЩ󷨵ãҲ⻤ɽĴǲ÷ˣֱӽݶ߶һȫ
뵽˴ҲͲٶԣֱվ֣ͬʱŹŹݵ΢ʱ򶼲֡
Ƭ̺ŹҶǰʱҶѾ˵⣬ˣЦ㰲ŸĻԸ񣿡
ƾŷԸŹһֱԼɽɵһѰۣɽҲǱϸߣǶһѰŵӣҲǹģǵӶԼԼһƾͿҪǵӵ
ҶķԸȻܲҶҲƺϵӦЦЦ˵ֻʾŹϣ˾һ·źɽȥ
Ȼ뿪֮ǰķŵţѩ˸ʱͻֱӽЩͽͽʲôĶʶʶͬʱ
ʦأ
һһҪȥҪ˶ٹƬ̺ܻ
Ǵ£Źȥ֣ϧҶĸôֻĲ鲻ԸڵС
Ҷ߿ûãͼϷһɫĹ⻪Լһ۽⣬⻪һһȽǵ˲ɢԳһӵΣβ裬Źң
ǵͲ˵㣬Ȼһͷײңϣң׼ֺǺǵվĿסγǺȻõ˶ԾһǣһҪײԼϣĪ˵ң°΢ЦѾллˡ
ֻңЩɢķ˿ȻһͳһСӣԼֱ֮һݡ
ҲʮĬĽӽ˹Ȼ󽫷ͺúһŴңת˳
˸ղŶעңϣʱһ¶Σһ㶡
΢죨ȾĽɫʾˣͷβ裬һѰļп˺ţпȴڵסǰ͹µģѩ׵ķɫԼǲͬΧ˵٣˶ڵһʱԼĲͬ
пûаˣ˶ɵ㶵ŮˣȻңֱߵǰһǺþòˣʦͷĶˣ
һ˵Ļȴõ˶Ǵһʦ㵹ûʲô仯ŵǹû
һ仰˶˵ݣȻǵʧٲ˵ңҶĵӣ˵ʦܣʦ֣
ʦֵ֮ط꣬ȻһѣͺǻĵĽңק˹ָϹ͵Ƴ˭ô
ͷ˭ңƣͻȻԴһϹͰɣ
ϹһЦĺԼкңʶпܲһˡ
ĿĹ£ңµĽ˳ϳȴζϲˡ
ȵһ֮ңҲָſʦյļӡã׵·ƶ£Ǻͺã
ó֡ǰһлֹֻҪƺͺòһ
˵ְ˻Ǻм֮ĻòҲǱȽϽӽ˵ģôףȴ˶ʧɫͳдȵηħ
ױЩŪһ㶣ͳһʯоһ²ŵף֣ûɴط
ͼͺңԼȷûߴЦ˼ԼԼˣţ
ңΧסԼѷʦļ֮һ
ĴߵǰףȻתͷһʦ˼ӣ˵ôյĵӶǹģģ˼ǰôƺá⼸ʮҲе㳤Ǽʮǰƾֱʳˡ
⻹ͻشģʦЩ굹ûʽӣֻ˼ӡȴ֮⣬һ˹׵·ƶ£Ůӵĸ磡
ֻЩ˲ù֣Ҳ֣ʱˣԭһķںգǰ
֮⣬֣Ӣ͹»ףԼ»׵ŮӱʦѧЩֻûΪӣ
ļֵǱȽУǵֲ࣡ǻǺ׷⼸Ҳò
ͺңøǴµռһЩ֪ʶоϻа˺ͺ˵ȵ֣ǻˣǸܴҲ֮ܶһ߰顣
ô򣬿˹»׸Ů֣ӢᶼȺһԼܡ
˹Щˣ»һЩء˸ıǽܣڹүΪȣ˽ûҶӵһμֳʲôìܡ
˵䣬ͻȻʵףѩôû
ԭ˵ҶĵĴѶ֮ȺɽУֻѩʼղӰʱΪ⣬ǹôһ󣬻¾;ˡ
ѩΪٶӦñ󲿷˶ŶԣߵԶˣҲӦô
ǲǳʲô飬ͿһವһУҲв٣Ҳ˶ִᷢͻȻһ
ҲԱ⽫˵עԼϣΪѩһأһͷһһ˶ߵĴ«ƮƮλεķ˽Ҳ¸ͣŮ޵ʦžôɵǲףѹֲԸС϶Ϊʦ
ں«ƮѩԣֹͣҪʦ㲻˳ʦţһΣС϶ʹˣͲͱһ̵һͽˡ
תͷͷں«ΧѩתͣҲֹûûˣͣ˵ʲôͽб㡭ﻹгԲĵҩѧϰϵȵɷСɽҲеԺ˭㶼Ҽӡ
һѻתȦ˵ͣĪ˵ѩΧҲˣԾͷԣȻһģλԴ˼Ƿǳʧô
ͷƺǱһĸһ£תͷĴͣȴһ֮´ʧɫȻ˴Ӻ«һԾֱӱסʹһ߿һߺϷʲô˰ȻǴҲ
漴һ˦֣ﻩ˦һصĶзɽҲͼ¼һЩɢܰƿƿ޹ޣһߺһߺҵӰɣֻҪӦЩģ
ҶĻǡþͿôһ󣬿ǿ޵ıˮˮһŵͷһ죺ô£
һС϶תͷƳһֻۣһ֮漴תͷʹʹ޺вֹ
Ҷģˣ


017 ɸ
ҶĺߣֻƬ̣Ǹʲôѩ΢һͣԼ˴˵еľŶΣ޵Ҫͽܣ
һǾνͱһļһҲǰͷԼһ֮Ǹʲô˼ôƲң
ιʳڣ࣬ǱҪһͷôû۹ɣȻӣ
Ҷĺ𣬼ͷأԱͲ̧֣һ壬ؾ˳ֱӴĵ浱Уֻһ¡¡ɽ֮ȴʲôû
ֻգ֮һֱڵϵͷ͵ȻƮƮһëƮɸڰյĺ«ϣתͷһҶġ
ףСӵмֶΡ
ҶȴûᣬֻǶ͵ֲѲãĪǻˣ
ͺٺЦû˵תͷͷֻ֮ͷҶģʦʲʲôȥˣ
ȥɽһɽԺʲô˶ⴳɽ
ԭҶʲŴŹȥ棬ֱǺɽȵУҶľطǺʣǺȪɽ֮أطλҲȽʺϷþݶҪ¡
ûܻŹһ·ŋ񶴵ֱ֮ӵŹ潫ݶȡ˳ҷԸɽΪҪ֮ԺҪסȵˣػ㻹һҪԺϸ˵Ƚݶ׵
Ź˵ͷû˵ҶôԸôֻվһҶһԾ䵽ˮУŹеǣǺȪˮܵʲôųһȻ͵ķֿԳ˳ص׵ȪۡȪȻӿųˮҲʱӿ
Ҷ䵽صף˿Ȫ֮󣬶ԱϵľݶִСҲʣְѶȪһס
ֻݶֺȻ貹⻪ôȪ۳ڵĵطǺȪˮȻͣڶϳˢȴ°ֵĺۼԾݶĳˮֳ̺ԣ˼֣
Ҷվһԣ˫۽ݶһ漴͸оݶɽҲΪһ壬ͬʱѾݶĲҶģҲһԼɽϵо
ֻ֣ҪԼͷôݶͿ԰ԼԸ΢ɽһЩ仯֣ҶͻȻһһͷͶ
ʱ˶ãɽʼһЩ΢ı仯⺮Ȫ֮ˮʼ͸ɽϵĸȻɽϵˮԴһı䡣
ͬʱɽǴһϪϪҲȻ۳һСһǶɽڣһȴǳһٲǱˮֱӴɽ䵽ĺУγһض׳ľۡ
Щ棬ɽɵӵµɽܿҶȴܹиоЩ棬ֶֻ˼ɼ
ͬʱЩˮ֮Ҳֱ˷ѵˣЩˮڵº֮󣬻ὥĽһ󣬲Ұһִˮ֮ͣٱɽȽϸλõľݶУһųˢĺȪȪˮ뵽ɽˮԴСѭͣͬʱȿɽϵԪŨȣͬʱҲԱ֤ɽϵˮԴΪɽڰնΪһ⡣
š
ƨһ֮ҶĿʼþݶ˻ɽƣͬʱʮССɽҲ˱ķΧ֮СֻϧҶ޷߶ֻþݶһƻĻɽ󷨡
ΨһãǾǵѡһķʱҪɽжֻоԼԭ̤ǵŵķɽ̤ɽһ
ȷλʿ·ɽҪ䵽ʮСɽеĳһϣζ޷СɽΪСɽɽɽκһطǻıΧ֮ڣҪ̤ЩطΨһķţȻɽڲȥЩط
ֻϧûʲôԣԷֻҪѡ˾Ϳ뿪󷨣ȫõƣйԵ󷨣ҶܹʹĳģҲõһݶ֮󣬲ſԽ󷨴߶
ôȴ󷨵ķǳԵ޷ӽ÷ɽʲôҲʲôЧΨһƵɽ󷨵ķʽȴֱӹݶһֻһѡ񡪡ŷɱ
Ǹɽɽפĵط˶ԷҪĻֻɽӲӲĸһ
Щ׵֮ҶҲǵǾݶпܻ˳Ϊݶɽ磬ͬʱְڷԣĵط࣬ʹʱӿ죬Ҷ΢˵˼ɽǾʱֱͬ
һԪҪǰ΢ԣһ㡪ҶĲǻɽ󣬾ݶԪŨĻƻвʲ׵յľ硣
ҪñȽϾ˵Ļǰľݶ磬ʲôֻƾĻ޷ǵżģǿﵽˣĽҲǱݶ˺ƬȻһΪ»Ϊ
͵ӾǾŽɣҶĻɾŽ֮ǰǼԴﵽһģҲô³㲻ǣҲǺǰļһˣѾˡݶô䵽Լ
ӾԼˣôȥҲȵ֮Ҳǿﵽյľ磬Ŀǰ״Ҳⲻһ
ԼȴΪԵķΪҶĳԵ˾ݶۼɵĹӣĹǣֱӳǸ磬Բſ˳աҶĻǹǲǰʧܵǰһݶպ۳ģϧ뷨޷õ֤
֤ݶڵ磬޷ƾŬԳɹյĳ̶ȣҲ˵ʱľݶڵˣҪֻܽŵر
ȴе㲻ͬΪֵԭݶڵ΢Ũһ㣬࣬ȴܸܴı仯ǽеˡ
ҲᷢԼٶҪһЩͬʱһЩƿҲǰóһЩ߿ܻӲ٣ҪǣȫƾŬɹա
ôһĲ𣬾һһ
ҶľԼΰΪЩһֻҪЩ㹻ʲҿŬôûŵرҲпܴӶгˣһȻҪúýύһɽɽС
뷨ʵôƬ̹뵽ģǳȴڽ֮ǰˣ²뷨ͰˣͬʱԼŹɲžݶݶҶ͵ҲȸɵС
ŹҪһ˴ӶбĳʱӴ˶ûһһһֽԼԺҳһţ
ӳԾƺ˿ȥȪˮ־£һǺȪһָֻ֮ƽŹȴԼоĳ⺮Ȫƺʲô仯
ֻԼݣǲȥЩģҶĻĻ϶˵
ҶļŹҲ⣬˹ʾԼ֮ŵԺסȵУȴⶦ֮⣬ҪעʲôʱͻȻð
ðŹеĪ⺮ȪȻǵһμɽô꣬ٻطģôҲû˵⺮Ȫһ֮
ת˲뵽ǸôؼǶˣ
ҶļһȻ֪ͨ˹ؼֻЩ鲻ýͣ˵˾䣺ʵǶǴǶģΪǶͨסǸ磬պգⶦˣ
Źһ¾ҶҪˣ︺Ӵǿֵܻ֮⣬ҲҪȺһǳ¶Ͼյģǿ϶ǸжƢõĻûʲôƢõĻƷõаأ
طи򣬿ȴýɽɵЩʽӳڴ˴ɣ˵ǱȽϱ΢ŹǺʲˡ
ҶҲŹȻûߵ̫࣬ȥ۵ݣһɸµְơȴϸһЩŻݣѰʵĹŹ
ҲǱҪͶʣϾŹĹ̫ѹסЩĸ֣ɽɲܴˣ
Щ֮⣬ҶĽݶȪ棬ҲǱⱻ˼йδӶгľҶҲôӶгʱ˾ͻ᲻ͣǸͷ֮˿϶ֱӳˮ档
ĻһͷֻῴһˮأǿǸˮҲҲڸסݶأԶȻȥ۲ǶҲ΢ȫһЩ
Ͼܱ֤ÿһյ˶ͶɽɣĸһﲻԸɽɣȻҶһܳȥ˵һ鷳ҶĿܲˣͳԹĿβٳˡ
νһǵһǣӴȡѵܲϵĽ
߼Ҵҵ󣬿ɲֻҪǵҲɲСģ
һŹбеķᡪ䷿ᣬڶӣֻһȴмʮ겻סˣ˺öҳһ䵹ǸɸɾýȥŮӵ룬ҲҴ
Ժ󲻻סˣԺһʰʰȥסԺ䷿סһ䣬ȻЩֻ֣
ʵǶ鲢ҪŹԼȥɸžˣŹҪΪ˶ԸЩļһ
ŹԵ˵ͷȻͻȻţܲ
ҶҲ⣬ھʹӦûģ漴뵽СԼϹȻԽħɣҲ˲Ҳ˷ˣСʲףҪʽɽ£Ѱ˼˭ΪʦȽϺһЩ
ŹûϵҶôǺӣҲǸˡŹ½ٸ䣬Դʮɽ֮һֱȢҲûиˡ
ǰЩԼֵʱͶڷܵ˺ϲǽ䵱һӦҶĿأȻޱȿģֻ˳ͷ֮ˡҲһֱôȥȻûʲôϢġ
ȴãҶĴʱƣιһ񣬾Ȼᱻ򷢵˻ʩˮͨɨۣѵƲ⺢ӵʣ
⼸ɽɼûʲôĵӣӶֻйоأеǾ⼸ӵ۹ʵôأûƳʣҲˡ
°һ֮ҶŹȥȶȻȥѰʽڽɸ顣
Ź˵ͷӦǣ;ֱʰѾѹҳķᡪǼǲҹȥģֻõȶ֮Ľһ£ȻŸȥס
ҶķԸϾֱ뿪˾ȣתصһʹ½ǽɸ飨Ȼʹ˵ֶΣȥɲ꣬˾Ҳתͷͷ
ͷʱҲڴҶģͻȻڵһȷʹֶȴǷͨ


018 

Ծһ㵣ҶԼƬ̼ҲûӦʲô˼漴ףԼ˫۾ɵġ
Ȼȥ룬ҶĻķ𷨣һҲʲôֵ飬ֻǺͷƳģ
ֻͷػشһµˣȴÿһ˶΢һƬ֮ȻǰһʲôںòʶΪֹһ䡣
ùγƺλ
Ҷļ˱ȭ񣬿˵ҲɽҶģ
û뵽˾ȻǴţǺܿĻع񣺡ԭ±Ǵ˵ˣƶʲʧˣ
벻ͷղŻǸӣôôͻָ˹Ƽ䣬ͷʲƶ˶ЩЩʧ̬ҶŲҪ֣Ŷƶ޾Ϥϵ«ɵĳƺš
ֱʱҶĵ˲ͷʲôҲͷʲǷΪԭǽžƾá
ô˵Ѿˣ
Ҫ˵ˣѰˮͲǸе⣬οʧ̬ҪôͷںҪôǺʲôرľˮܹôѸٵѾƣҲʲôֶΣ
Աѩ£ʱѾѩãͷǸһ·صɽģһ·һֱҪȰѩΪʦڼ䵹ҲһЩôȴû뵽ͺ̾ȥȰˣѩҲһա
ͬʱҲ˵ͷû¾ϲͳƿ࣬Ҳ׺˶٣ģû
ͷﶼģ
ҶûϵȻһϾƹͷɽ˵ȴҲһôĻԵʱɽûʲôǲԼֲ̬ƣ¾Լ
ҲԴ޾
´˼˵ʱʹ˼Цݣ޷ǰɽҲһԵ֣
޾ԣֻЦŵ˵ͷѰ˼Ƭ̲ŵˡƶªţɽɡĪǸ½ɣ
ôģģȻΪߣʶҵڶ࣬ʵڲһ½ɡοټһɽƾðһʱȵеԺѩʱû̫⣬ʱ˹뵽ɽðģ
һؽ磬Ƕĵطϡ٣ɽڶࡣʲôɽˣȴ˵ʲôɽ
ҪǣԿ϶һؽûָɽ⸽ɵɶûУԭ򣬵ΪӣһʱҲ˵
ʱ˴˵ˣ޾Ҫ˳ʸ
Ҷģִ޾ȻǿѯʣǱ飬ȴһ֪𰸵ģһ룬Ų³˼࣬ҲȥЩ׵Ϲֱӵͷɳʱ䲻ǰŵҲ
ôһϣ޾ǲˣ˼Ҷװ׵ĳϱ½ģôʾеٸʵ׵˼ˣοֲרŸġ
ֻе㾪ɽɺôֱʣʱھôӡȻ󲿷ֹôһŪһɽΪɽţҪǱ¼ɼã֪Ľˡ
ɽɲôҵģܹƶĸɽ͸ѵˣͬʱ㹻ƶĸɽǿЩպյ֪
ˣɶѰɽ޽ɽţֻҲ⸡ɽΪϼҡ
ȻдܣҲƾϷԼһɽɽ޷ƶҲɵĲߣƣʦţȻһɽȴԶɽĴ硢羰ȻɡɽҶƾݶɣƾľǾݶˡ
Ѱ˼˸û꣬Ҷļ˵㿪ڵ֪ǰǺźɣ
޾һ㶣û˵ң
ǰԺʱû飬֮󣬱еȺĪûϳԼ漴Щ˹ûԼıģһʱ֮Ҳ벻ȥ
Ⱥ֣ҶĺǰԷѾԼǺˣ˼ҸͲ֪ĸУ
ҶеΣȻǰ޾ĻԼ³˶ȻǸˣһĨڣ˭ҲϵãֻӲͷƤʵµһֱǱУ£ǰӲųԡ
ûʦ˵ҵţ޾¾ԼеʧܣͦԼأû뵽ƨûа
ôһǰȵԺʱҲûٺŮޱţŮ޻벻Ծû˵ԼԼʱôûעأ
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ֻһǱ;еɣϸǱԴȿһĴͳһƺ˹һڡ
Ҷ¿ͷʲһ²ʲô﷨һǬķⷨҲãյ˾ô˷סѩû뵽˾Ȼһǿ֮á
һھƹȥ޾̹˲٣Ҷĵı飬֪ղԼǾ仰ڰˣһҲʶ㣬Ҳû˵㣡ı飬ʵеˡ
ƫʱͻȻһ͵ʵˣ˵½ģ㻹ŪôôһɽЩͥ
Ҷһȴû뵽ôһЩ黹Ҫͥ
޾һһȻˣ˸ǸʲôޣҲǰû¹ɽԶŶûҲʦν̵ģˣ

Ҷ㣬Լھʮңڵʮ꣬Ȼڳɾʮꡣ
ɾ֮ʮӽʮ꣬нӽʮꡣ
⻰ȴô˵Ϊھ뿪ʮ꣬Ϊ˱¶ˣֻʮ˵˵ֻõɡ
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޾˻˵꣬û뵽Ȼĳһ꣬һЩûȣɤľˮЩòֹסԵĸо޾ºݺݵĴһҶģһꣿ
Ҷĵͷ޾һȻҲ֪ĸִ˵ھˮ¶ǣֿʼԳˣȻߵҶǰȻͽܰɡ

˾ֻʲô«ʵе㲻ŵô˭Ҫͽܣ
ҲͰˣҶ˭ɽɵţ˵ôԵ˵Ŀ̱ķǳƣҶĵɫе
Ǵ޾ȵĻ࣬Լ˼£ôһ֮ԼӣҲԼĻ̫ˣɽеճͽܣ£ܳûʦϵϣǿǶ˰Ͱĺ¡
ֻϧҶģһȫ˭ʦкźɡͬʱҲûʲôȤļһ
ȻҶûֱӿھܾ޾ãԼپ⣬ôΨһĽǲɢ
˴޾ܹϵĽתˣ

εĿ޾ҶûͥôӦץףŪô󶯾ַͥǿɾ鷳ˣ
ʲô˼
ҶʱͥҪַɽϾɽûкͥŸɣ漴ˣͥΪ˱Լţ¼ɵ˭ͥһȺ˲ΪɽҲҳһš
ЩҶҲȥͥɽɵĽԼɽڣǵǰȽе飬ǲȥܱܿͥһ裬ֱԼϺҸļһ
Ӧôȥͥ
ǰȻҶҲ֪ӦôȥﱨãиϺõ·NPCúһǳ˴
޾ƺҲ뵽ҶĶȻʲô֪׼ڣȴ쿪ûţɫȻһ䣬Ȼ૶ҶĵˣͥľȻˣ
Ҷһ㶣漴תͷһƣһⱬһֱŵ۾ޣ߲֮ɫ任ͣһ˫۾ųһ⻪Ҷĺܿƾһ˫ͫԶգһ֧ȫװĲϻɽɡ
һԱԼĪʮ£׳ģһۣףһƥѩ׵ĿϵһҲɽ
ԼʱƺӦ͵ҶһɣջĿԱһ˵ʲô֮һ֧ӵнٶȾȻ˼֡
ҶԼѾ֣Ҳûʲô˼ԷǳԼģԼԷΣϧ˫ʵ̫Զû˳һͨ˵ʲô
΢΢һתĿ⣬ҶƼԱһȴһƥɫƥԱߵİɫһ㣬̤ջǰУһԱսװȴҶĴһ
ֻۣϵһ󵶣طǳͬʱۡԲü泤ף;Ǵ˵еʥ˺޶¡
ҪôͥҲCOSPLAY
ҶôʱԷҲ˫ʱʱľҶϼƣѾûʲôƵˣջѡͨüͷѰ˼ӦӦԡ
Ȼ˭ֻǹ»ڣ͹ܵˡ
תͷͼǴ޾Ȼ˫⣬Զһ죺ȻԱҶ鷳С
һ⻰ҶĲ޾ҲǧһͨͥҲܹƵҲܹҶǿǣȫʶ
ʱ޾ƺҲջͨתͷҶĵϵҶʶҲһԵҶŴӦϵһҪôϵԸΪҶ˵ʹ£
Ҷû뵽ϵʿȻôһ飬ǺϵʿҪʲôҪ
ϵʿҼʮǰϾʱһͨ«߾ֻһֱѰʵĴˣҶԸѧϵͨôַͥϵ˵ˣ
Ҷһ㶣漴ͷӻûзԼͽܵͷһٺٻЦҶһŭϹûûˣ
ֻȴֱӿֻǵΪһţͶ£
«ǰ˵ʦţԼΪʦǴɽɳΪ˱ɵԺҶĽܣ
޾ҲûϵҶľȻʱҲϴӦе죺¶ԼɶûʲôΪβϴӦ
ҶаֻһҲͰˣۿɲһˣҰʦҲһ˵顣ϵɽδܹӦο޾ʲô·Ϊȫ˽⣬Լһɽɶ˹ɾûôˡ
һ㣬ǾܾĺãַֻͥҪϸ˵˵ͥӦץô鲻š
Ҫǣʲ۹۲һ֮Լоĳ˶ԼɽвŸҲӦ޾Ľ顣
޾Ҷģִⲻϵͷͣ˿ڡҲûȥֻҶıһѵһ֮Լ潫䱣ʱҶӦӦԼ˰ɣ
Ѱ˼ţͥľȻɽǧʱڿƣԸ֮ɽȵͥȷԬ飬ɽ˿𻰣


019 ؼ
Ԭ飿
ҶĴʱѾ˴ӵгվڴ֮⣬ֻҪһ̧ͷƼվϵǧͥ죬ʱѾԽڶŵֻƬ̼䣬˵߾ڿн
ֱԭԬֻǲҶĶһۣ̾͸о˾ǸղſԼǸһ۾ϸһƣҶɫ任һ˫ͫ΢һ
˫ۺƱ֮ĪȺģһѰ˼ֻƺûô򵥣ͬʱҲеȺͺ¿סҪˣ
ԭⶫ޵ļ֮ûʲôɣһԭΪһڵĵ򣬴ҶһʲôȽǿƵҲһЭ
ҶĲŷطôֱིӽɽ˴˴ǵͥôɳ˱ǰ̽
̧ͷٴһϵıҶҲѰ˼ͣԼֻȷ٣ô˵滹д󲿶ӣ
ȷʲôģǾˮšǰ·ͷӣǵĴھΪ˱֤󲿶ӵ˳ǰ
Ȼһ񣬾˵ʱ̽һ¶ԷʵΪṩһֵĵϡԬԾڴ⣬ֻǿǰӣ׼һﻹţԷʵУֱ£֮뷨
жתͣһȴüͷƬ̣ȻҶ˵˽Ԭ飬ʹĪǡ
Ҷһ㶣Ԭ·Ƿ֮սҲǿˣͶ˸£
ʲŹǸòƶүļһˣһʱᾹȻû·
˵˷񣬳֮ͥڶ£ĪǽıǶꯣ
ȻдԬ꯴˸൱ʵ࣬ǶҪԬĶˣδϷʵƣȥ˭ʵ˶٣
ֻԬ黹£ҪٶꯣͲðˣ
ͷһҶֱ̧ȣֻһ˾Ѿ֮ϡڶɽֻԼǰһϾͶһˣԼʦҶ˭
ڳˣֻܹҶĵĶԭɽ֮ˣȣȴûҶľʹʲôֶΣǵע⵽Ǽ˶֮Լ⼸֮ľ޴ࡣ
ֻǵ²Щʱ򣬱㽫ͷһԣ̧ͷעʱҶѾԬǰƽӶԷٲһһ͵
Ҷģɽţǰͥ涨ûǰողŴӺ«ǰ涨ǰ
Ԭ˴һ㶣û뵽滹Ͼƹ飿ͷһȻȺпǸŵϾƹ
鲻ǵûȥ⣬ԬҶĵ²ǲ㽨ɵô
ţ
ҶĻͲ֪ԵñȽϴ㵣ɲطȽУｨɣǵһЩ˺ܽţʱŪʲôӿɾˡ
ԬһҶ飬˵ȷͲЩ飬ƣ˴ðģôʲô鶼֪Ī޵ɵˣһֱ£
ĻǾùֲˣ겻Ҳһ˺Ƶĺòң¹Ļңչûеңڡ
ҶƺҲԼһһ׽֮УԬ˳־ͰԼϵһƤһȴǽȻҶĵСֵʲôˣ챾鲻˵˵Щˣ
ҶļԬô˵ҲеԾҲһɽͺɽͳ˳ͻɽɻô죿һչĻᶼȡպܹͥƷԼɽҲѾǧٿףƲˡ
һ֣ҶֱӵȻˣ̸
ԬҲǺĶүʹ˸ɫ˾Ҷһɽǹ㳡֮ϡ
ʱɽ˼ԼʦȥĽ˵˼仰֮Լʦ䵽˵ϣֻԼʦҲʶģô
ֻǵɽ羹Ȼʹ󽫣ȴеԾ
ĪɽҲг͢ɣ
аɣ˭һҸղʲŲҲͥ𣿿ͥ൱ĳ͢ͳɽ磡
ʲԳַɽɵİɣ
ãʦһɽԲŻЩ˵İɣӣӦûʲô飡
۷׷ףҶѾ˽ʱܸҶĽ˾ûôֻ࣬Ҷĵĵڲ࣬Сһľֻܸɢȥ
һȥԬһƣƼ˿˹ȼ˺ɫͻȻһ䣬ʵҶţĻ֮ˣ
֮ˣ
ҶһͷͿԬŭſ˹Ϳˣû뵽Ԭ龹Ȼʶ֡
ûͣԬȵԭ߹Ϊڿ˴ô㿴ֶΣ
˵û꣬˲ĻᣬһȭӳֱȡҶĶȥȴǾҶļȻǵ죬ԼĸоҲΪǿᣬ˴ˣݵΧ֮еԼܿգ۹ͱԷɵҪƿסơ
ҶļʲŻԼ˵ͦõԬ飬ôôͷҷһ׶ûУеĪֻ˼ҶˣԼܲɵ㶵İɣһ˳һתһ
Ԭ⺬ſֲһͱҶһӼԣͬʱƱץ˳һֱۣסԬȴ׼סԬ飬֮
ȴԼһץȥץһִӲޱȣûп֮һ㶵ͬʱ̻ȻԬ鱾ͨ۰ԳȻͨ۶֣һ˫첲Ȼǿ֮ڣԼһµ˵˱һ
ҲÿҶһ˫һʵޱȣҪѰʿһץ£µûסԼָȱˡ
ȻԬҲЩȣʲŷҶҪסԼʱ򣬾˳Ϊ֮ҪƾͼƣȻ⧲±ˣȻסûϵԼ£ҶĵƾȻ˿֮ǿӲȻԼ˫֮¡
óⲫ
ͷһðԬ֪ԼûˣԼҪûסһ˫۾ͺһһźֱȡҶĶ࣬һ¾ͿʹҶץܣȴûϵҶľȻ㲻Դûһ£ƻȻԼһ
Ȼ⣬Ԭȴ˷ܣȻ㷸ԺǾͱ飡һٶȴֿ˼֡
ڶӴʱŴлع񣬼״޲󺰣ʦСģ
ֻѩ¼ȴֻҶģҲûгֵ˼
ֻȻһ죬ԤƵеǱȴûԬһǱȭѾҶĵ̫Ѩϡ
Ҷ˿ƾڽǰԬ飬ֱ̽ס˺ԼϵȭͷȻһȻֱӱ֮ǿԬҲǴΪȻԾĲҽһ

˻ûŪô£Ȼٱ仯Ҷ˫ָסԬһ첲ȻѨλϣͬʱ챦ǻ챦ĶͣĴҶʹ
һ뻹ְְ̡磡һְ硢ְ̣Ȼõϼ׺Ҳʹһֱʹ˱ѩѪԱûʹȥʱԬȻίڵأ˫Ҳʹ˫۴ʱѾױҶĸסˡ
ӷֻһ˲飬󲿷˶û׷ʲô飬ֻһԬǺһͨĪĻͺҶĴ֮ԬͱҶĸסá
ֻˣȴûϵһżԬĻһأ
űȶģһֻǺ۵ĺһŭ֮󣬴ӵͷ֮ԽԽȵ˻عͷʱһɫľų˵У˸һ·ʱ˵ֻǴſڵһ·ɽɹϾȻһϸϸѷ죬Ʊնһ
һ·ֱҶĶȥҶȴûȥƣԱߵĹ»ֱӱ˳˫һֱһһ߷Уһڹ»۳һ˳ǹһ⣬׾̱һƬ죬΢΢е㵤ۣⷬ൹ǽ۵ĺмơ
˵ҲûʲôүǹһʩչټĵоȻһȣͬʱһ͸ǹӰжǾʮ㣬ֱȡǺҪ
ף
Ǻһ㶣һ֮϶ȴһּ̧䣬ֱ嵽Уһɫ⻪˾͸оͻȻһ£ͬʱųȴԺԵĹâӲԼǹӰ˿
ȵһй⻪ɢȥ˲ŵˣ»״ʱ죬ϴŵĳʱѾû°ڣгǹϵĻҲɢǹȻסǹȴ΢΢ϸѪ졪ֻʲһ£»˫־ͱˡ
ǺӣƬȾ붼û˰ʱһɢĺĴ󵶣ḧųףµƹ»׺ͻȻǺˣĶĳǹ
»һ㶣ǰͻĪԼ棿ϾԼǵɽ磡Լ˹ͳһְͥҲʲôϡ飬ֻһֱΪԼʹǹģԼŴ󵶣ûгѯʣȴ϶ԷȻƳԼǹɽ硭
ʥ˹Ƴ֮󣬹»ף
Ǻһ㶣üͷչȻųƹĳˣѵϲô
»ҲüͷԵʥʹǹʹ
Լϴ󵶣ЦȴǷܾĳҵ÷ְ֮ʱ˵Ͱԣȥȴʹ˳ˣ
»״󾪣̾ǵȻµԼڷλҲ˳Ƴıô˵ǡ
ûĳұǹƳһǵģǴЩЦݣϸͣ
ǴҲᶶƺҲǳ⣡
Ƭ֮Գƹ֮üͷȴšһţȻǹĳˣĻᵽ֮˻һ
һѵͬʱִżֻ֮ɫŵֽ˼֣ɢһƣ˼ǣܸһĴ𰸣ձҪ˴
ڹ˵Ѿٵ֮ͥˣ漰ؼҵҴʱһϸ룬;ʵ˵ͨ͸ؼҺǵ÷λôϵĵɽ磿
˵ԼƾŬʵزԷԼһֱרŸӴ֮˵ļһһֱû˵ԼοʲֻһԳ˵ΪûﵽԷĵز
ȥƺΨһĿܾ˼ðԼţԼأƫƫʹõȷǰõǹȻЩ仯ϻԼ·Ƿʹķţüٵġ
ôһԽԻˣ


020 ѯ
е벻ףǱҶȴԾһۣûϵôһ񣬱ԼסԬ龹ȻȻһһᣬԬ龹ȻͻȻûӰӡ
Ҷһ㶣漴ԬҲǾͨ仯Լǰֻעǿˣ˻ԵֶΡ
˫Ŀһɣ˫ͫ⻪ת£ۣҶֻһɨ̾ͷһܲ۵СԬ仯ɣʱųȥ
ҶĺһϺһ䣺С
һ˳һģǳ򵥵һֱĳһȴ˱ѩľǺֱӽСȥƻٲӦܾͻᱻס
ԬҲǴ󾪣û뵽Լ仯֮ҶҲܹƳԼڣʱ̬ǳıУ㲻Ҳᱻɱ
ֻɢ˷¶ȻǱֳΣôҲҶĵĿƣ˫һžһͻָ˹Ȼ׼Ҷĳƾ˳ƾһȭ˹ȥ
һԬ󲽣ֻȭͷϱ̹ǣͬʱǿᣬԼǿ׳ʱҲýܵһЩˡ
ðԵƾ
ҶԴӲ͸˽ʮ֮ƾȴԽǿᣬֻһƣҲѰܹмܵסģԬ˫ۼҲñҶһƴˡ
οһлűѩǱǵĺԬȭϴʱʹޱȣ滹һ˪亮֮ǿֻƾҲƵĳ
ʱԬǡ˵˹ԣȻһĹԬƵʲôأ
Щȴ벻ףλھǹ»׵ǲĺ⡣
˵»ײĺˣֻǽؼ֮ҡײƭƫƫ˶ùǹǹֻʽ˵ϰԼûдˣҪǣǹɽ֮ϲϰù֪Ķࡣ
Ҫ˵ˣ벻׵ĵطǧĪ˵йؼ˷ǱҲټдӵɽĸһûУƫƫϼұǵ֮ϡ
ɽôãһи֪ģԼӺζΪλΪ֮ͥġ
ԽԽǾᣬԬ黹ҪǰͻȻһԬ磬ֱӽֹסΡ
ʲô
ĪҪçײ˵Ԭ鲻ֵȺһ𣬲еŹ֣ʸȽϺã
һʼҲΪɽȺһᣬ߸ɴɹ޵һӡ
ֻʲȻԼʹǹͬʱҶĵʵҲǳˣƺûгȺһıҪټϻиԳԼ˵ģýûô򵥡
ңɽɳֵҲʵ̫ŹЩϢͻȻð˳ͻȻ뵽һܣȻе̫˼顣
Ԭе㲻ҲǱȽϷοȻͥ񽫣ԼҲҪͥҪͻͳֻΪһЩɴ˷Żһͳǰ
˵ˣԬ鲢ǹֱ˾˼ҲûбҪԼģ
ãƳ˼Ȱѻ˵ף
˳һ˦ֻÿһ죬Ԭ鱾Լ¿Խȭϵı˪飬ȴºֻǽı϶༸Ѻۣ֮ûʲô仯
˾Ԭֻһȣ̻һãֱӽǱ㾡˸ϸ飬ȻµվֲֻͣԼ֣ɼղǰӲ˵֡
ҶļԬ龹ȻôҲЩԾ̾һһӲʵȭͷ
ΪһĺǿȭͷǱͬʱһͰѾסԼȭͷһȥˣֻҪ΢ǵĶѡӲķʽ
ƫƫԬôˣȻвʣȴûд󰭣ʱָѾʼ΢΢ǽĻָ˹
ͨ۰Գǳһ˫ñ۰򣡡
ջĿ⣬Ҷߵ»ԣ̧һ˳ڹ»һȦŷֹ»ڵûʲôˣܵĽƤ˰ˣʲŹһԱȹ»׵ǹǿ˲ֻһʵʵڹ»ϣ㲻䶪Ҳˣ㿴顣
ʵ»ǲǸµĺ󱲣ҶĳҲȷµļɣҶĳܹһһ𣡡
ӹɳʱʼҶľѰ˼йؼʱ˿УԴһת̾Ͳµ˹롣
Ҷ˵ҲǺ棬һУʵȻˣĳмҪ̣
룡
Ҷİ˸ƣһʵģ
˵ͷָſ˹˵øУΪλˣ
һ˶Լͬ˹һۣҶȴҲû뵽⼸ͽܻô鷳ȴǺĵýΪˣ
ʱҲƳˣɽ翴ҲǶˣҺֻܿܲͥһĪνҲ磿
ڵʱ򣬾͢ҲǴȤͨоҵ鹵ͨİ취ʱҶҲĿԹͨ飬ҲǹͨĶɣʲôϵ
Щ˵뷨ǵȷпԣĿǰյԵ֪붫嶼һ統С
ȻԬ͵ȺһݴأǧŴηΪ֮ˣβȺһ
˵ͬʱſ˹˵Ŀֺ˼֣ÿ˹üͷϸߣȴҲû뵽Ȼôɣƣж˵ìܻǳĴԶΪɽɣݵԼô
ҶĴʱҲע⵽˿˹ı任Լסӵģɽɾͻڲö¶ˡ
Ҫǣ΢һƳ֮£Ȼңվһ˵ָĵšȻңڰοǺ˵
ˣɶҲ˵ˣΪͽһǵΪʦ
Ҷǰ̤һһֱӾͿסԬ˹Ŀ⣬ɿԿ˹붯֣ƱػᱻҶ¡
˾ԬǴŭֻǻûھҶĵԭˣ˵˵ȥҺޡʲؽԣȴá
Ԭûд𻰣ǹԬλֵܣǰսʱսġ
Ŷ
Ҷһ㶣漴Ԭƺмݵ֣һ˷񣬳ͥ٣ûϵѾսˣ뵽˴ѹֻˣ˼ȷ𰡡
ҶŻûشǰأ
Ҷתͷһ˼·鵹ǱȽϳλ
Ԭ˰־ҪܾǹʱֱӿӦ£ã
ʱΪг˴ٵѾվſڣҶļֻ˵˾䣺ʲλдһѣĪҪС֣ɢˣָӵȥЩ
еܵԱһ䣬ȡרаݷõϺΣȻѾ̶λϰڷźã׼˲ˮžȥ
ʱУֻҶĵȼɽбߵģԼһĵӣСֵȴǾ˳ȥֻһӱȻŹϣҶĵ֮ſڽ
ԬĳԹɽ֮˽µģһûɣ
ǣԬȻʱȻҪú̸ҲڹⲻӦװưͣϾҲǸĺӣС̬
ҶЦЦĻʵ⼸ӣԬûаԹһϵϣ
Ŷ
һȴùȤԼǸ²ƺһıʵ
Ҷ˹һ£ؽƺѾµˣ
ǲµˣֻм⡭
޷Ժ֪
Ҷô˵ҲͲٽӻԬﾲģֻҶĵʵҶĳɽг֮ˡ
ԬƤһתͷ¹һƽͻȻͷһ׹ôˡҲΪɽɻϢͻȻðһɶ
ĻôǴɽɷģɽʵȻǿǵӲǸǿᣬôܶһ
Ҫ˵Ҷƾһ֮ǿдڵӷβŵģΪҶʵȻǿȴҲûߵ̶ֳȡôԼûˡ
οǷʿͥһϢ֪ΪͥΪưЩˣ󷨣̶ص˻ӹ̶ĵطȻͻͥרŰŵĽӴԱЩ˵ǼڲᣬΪ佲ɽĴ
ҶԼɽɣôһԲһϢûУܲɽһЩأͬʱԼʱˡ
֮кܶطԣ׼ʵʱ򣬹ȴȿˣҶǲѰɣ
ҶЦʵһ⣬˵ҶĳԼ˻ɽ磡
ſھͽԼ˷ɾһ£ʦǼɽŶθĳɽͻȻ󣬽ɽȫ˶ɽ硣
ЩӣǶǴ˵еɽ磡
ⷬ˵գƹ»׺ʵô˵ҶԼȫɶǴӵģ
ǣ
ֻתͷԬһۣԼͬ˵һ䣺ռѷ죡
ҶĲֻûȻǳƽĽյһڲˮ
ʱͻȻһҲྪ˵ĺ«ɴ޾˵ǰʮǰȥ½£½ţĳǰἸ½Ҷţ
һ˲ԭ޾Ȼȥȴ˾ʲôֶȥģһǿ̽Ҷղû˵ˣĴӵǴ޾ⶨȻܹشĳ
ֻ޾ԼԽԽҵķ˿һ˦ӣֻͨһһͳǰ
ҶӵȻʲôɣ
ҶĴʱķĶҲڷ㶣û뵽ɽ翴ɽеóģǵӻʽеˣ
޾ҶĴȡһأ
ٶ
أ
Ϸ
أ
ǰⶫʱóʰɣ
޾һˣȴǼʲôȡʲôʱע⵽мŮϾһ죬ⶫȷʣæպãʲôˣ㿴
ǰⶫǲߵģ
ҶĿźڵеˮӺһͷôʲôУ߸˶ˣ
޾εЦЦһӣһӰ˵ĶջУʵˣã
ǣҶƤһͻȻһֲõԤУһǰ˵Ŀţ
޾͵ͷСӲмԣϧ˼̫أʵҲޣϵʱƣȻͰɽˡ
Ҷľýǵù͸û뵽޾ǣкøУĻý֪ѾԼ¡


021 ɽ
޾ҶȻ˼ּɵֻʸͣˣƶȥǵ֮ʱֵĻѾǳ⣬¾ֻܵһЩضСȥСطޣ񲢲һȫɶȥ
Ҷûϵͷ鶼ãںǰãʮǰ䵱ʦѰɾڣҶĳҵ˳ɾڣɽɣʵǴӳɾġ
⻰٣ٲӣһʱ֮䵹Ҳֱ治ЩЩǼ٣޾ҲֻøţҶĲܹ˵ϳĶɾ֮ᶼᵽѾ϶ҶĵȷǴӵˡ
Ԭһֱû˵ֻǾ̸ʱ޾ȡܶϡŹֵĶȻҶ붼ϳЩǸʲô֮˾Ѿ֣޾˼⣬ƺǵϵһЩ˺£ҶĶԴѾǰҶ˵Ļ
˴ʱԬԼȷڳ嶯ˣɽɵȷûɶϵȻϸ˵ǶɽҲһûʲôǣġ
ҪϸɽһȺͻȻˣҲǴˡԬҲǲˣվҶıȭʩ񣺡ʲԬĳˣҶ֣
޷
ҶҲ⣬ղһ󣬳ԿֲɽɣԬֱûʲôϵֻҪָãҪһҶҲûƵ˼ʲżȻ֣ԵѵҲ
˵һʱ侹Ȼ֪˵ЩʲôˣڹлвţƶĹ»׺󿪿ڵҶţ»жˣ
ȻѾȷɽǵô»һ𰸣Ŀǰ»ĿԻǺܴģΪڵĹ𣬹һԼƺûʲô˵ġ
ʮɣ
ҶҲԴӽɾ;ʱеңϻиӡҪϸƻһ󡣲ҲûҪôˡ
һͻȻ¶΢Цһĸ˸Լưףʮ꣬Ϊ൱ˣ
ģǶԼıֺ⣬Ǿù»ûжؼҵ棡
ͨˣΪ˹ΪʥˣǡͥΪս¶ȱˣ˳ƽд񣬽нͥһְ
ʵ˵ˣһͥĴУλԲʥôߡ
ңľֻйԼĶﻹһЩϤˣûͥ˼޾ֻصУҲеơ
ΪŽЩƣŻӧμһЩս£˷ǰַ˵ͻȻֵҲΪˣԼġ
ȴû뵽񷬾ȻջԼĺһľϲҲùһž۵ĸоȻ΢Ѿеˡ
ĳУҲһˣ
ΪԸΪԼУܻмȻɽ統аɣһֱûмһֱ죬ԼССԸ
ĵľǹ»ڴ˼֮󣬽ԼŮ˹˵󣬹ǸˡԭϹؼĲһ˰Ҳ˶ˣǱֲԶ˵㡣
ͬʱӱһݣɵӦǾ䡮ڡϾǰݵλɵĵȷȷڡ
Ҷһֱû˵ֻԹۡ˶黹ּɵģԼɽһĨڵ£ܹѾɽ൱һĹһЩϵܱԼͷԵĺֱײǿ
ԵȵڵϷһ꣬ҶľʵˣʲλƺԼ͸¶ط㽨ɣȴΪʲôԵʣ
ʱڲסϲɫشҶʱ򶼴żֿĵζʵеѰ죬ҪͥԼ壬һ˻ش˭Ƭطʲôͻ
֮⣬Ǵ˵صشƫԶҲȽϻЩҲϲ㣡οһֳͻЩҲܵһ͸ûԸɽˣ
Ŷ
ҶãԭһûɣԵɲͥԸñｨɣЩ֮˲ѡһطԵʡѹԼһۿϵĺõطȻûбռأ
Լһˣ
ֻ˲üµɽɾͺһɽĿ棬ɽһɽʱпܱƫƫɽڵʵûǿ󵽿ԽĻɽƷĳ̶ȣСĽһ㣬úô۸ӵĹϵܱⱻͻȻҸûҶʣ¡
ؽɷҶĳһɽжЩ
˵ͷҲûƴǣֱӾ͵ɽʵһ㲩ޱȵĴ½½Ķ棬ޣͥ£֮أⶫĵطʵҲ½м䣡
棬ңͿԿ󺣣󺣱˳ΪкȻڴ½ڲǼȴպź󣬲ҸպýĴ½һΪ񿪵Ĵ½ҪϵĴ࣬һԻƥ˹壬ͰŴ˵أȥԳõһˡ
ҶһԴһ߰չԹһͼɽֲͦ򵥵ģֻƾԲͿԵõһĻ档
ͬʱҲãԼԭǰƥ˹壺ǲʥʿ֮ϴôûʥʿ
ҶľûʲôʥʿΪ˳žͽƥ˹˵ΪñȽǿƣʵѹƥ˹壬ƥ˹Ҫչֻ淢չǶɽͥͻ⼸ǧ﷢δսд󲿷ֶͥƥ˹֮ս
ڸԶãʵͥǵĽʱȽ١⣬˵½֮ػһȺ¶壬⼸ѾûϢд˵ΪڶѾˣ
ҶףԭЩɽҲ޵вģڷսʱһֵΣգ
棬ǵܵ˵ͥĹϵܣ˫ҲʱʱЩЩһֱҪ쵽֮ϣһ߽һҪǵ̫ԡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾˣ
ЩʲôҲǰʲôںЩӾһֱҪһжȻΪǵͽֻ𶯲ͿԼǶһ޶ĳ˵ǻǽģ
ڵ˵˻һƽ⣡ҶûԷʵ£ôֻѡһ̶ϵЭ֤ĴڣԵϵĽԵԽԽƽ͡ȻҲЩû˿Զõйء
ɽеЩһЩΪǿɶ൱ʵļһҪʱĿΪ˴ĿĶֶεġ
ɽǱм䡭
ֻǿһ۵ͷ˼Ҷģûзһ˵ԼĻĵطȴǱȽϻˣ˵кܶЩĳͲô˽ˡ
ʱԬڵ˵ʲô桢ӡȽ֮ģܶӣǰҲǿʢһ󣬲ѹȥ
ʵǱҲ࣬ǰҲʵõҲǺܶϲɣҲлַʱڣֻǺŽںϵһ𣬴˹ʶſʼ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲڶ˽⡣ͬʱԬҲɽߴµĽ£ӡеͥֻ࣬ܶطְ֮ͬģ˵ǼǧҲ䶯١
ͬʱĳϣ˵һ֧ͥ£ñȽϺĻһõַС
ϾˣԬĳһֱ̫Ҳ
ԬΪһսҲûȤȥעЩӰ˵飬ͥҲòκϡ
˵࣬ҶǶ˴µ˽⣬ǲЩɡ
ӡУɽӰЩɲŶԣͳԼܱߵĹƺû̫ϵɣ
⣬Ԭһֻܱ֮ʾĪ˵ǲɽɵ飬ֻյھУȻ̫ںЩ飬ǣҲʴ޾һЩ
«һھƺ󣬺ǺЦҪ˵ЩɼɡʵҲûʲô˵ģҪôѡõطǱޣҪôͥЩϵʵ󲿷ɻҲûʲôֻżײҲһ΢һ°ˣ
ҶûףѵɶôȻһ룬뵽ɲǰЩˡ
ȣɾط㹻Ҳ㹻޵ԴɾеԴ֮ȡ֮ߡͺʽɽŵĵطൽ˿ԿճôһΧҲûռͿԵ֪
ͬʱЩɶɼɣԼҵҲǳ֮ˣֻҪ⣬ֻԽԽ࣬ԽԽ١
ƫɽ֮ʱͱҪõĶֺ࣬ӵļȻҲһЩҲѰõӡһҾˣʲôҲ࣬ʱࡣ
ΪԽԽߣɵżӵ޾ԪһгʱɣҪɣɷչֻ֮Ҫͥͼ˲ţҲͳˣҲΪ
ԣɽеɣûʲôѹɷչҲʲô˸ɵΣաȻǰɱȥŭˣȻɻᱻ˸ɵϾȻȻһЩҲûƢŭһѪɺӡʬҰ
ĻͷʲŸ޵Ҫͽܣ
е֣ʲż޾Ǹӣɾʮּң滷Ҳܶأû뵽Ͳôһ¡
ɾоӪɣֱǵûսѡģ⾭ӪϷһ˿õⲿѹ串ֻҪյİԼĲǰ߾ˡ
ңΪ㹻ɣһߴҲ㹻ʱ佫Щһһ
ôҸĻ
ֻǿϧǣôҸⲿɽû̫ĹϵҶһСĽɽɵɽͷط֮󣬲ͥľᴥԼƥ˹񾭡
ΪɽɵΪͥһֱ̬߸ɴΪͥ׼±߾ʲôĻҪĺ¼Ͳôýˡ
һĪ˵ҶˣڵеĴ󲿷˶ĵʵԼܹĽһſ͸ΪһãŻܹһϵеЧӦ
Ľɽɼмͷˣƥ˹ԼҪɵǣΪԼҿɽĶͥҲпݲɽɡ
Ϊ֮ƣȽͥסҲǽԼ˵ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬мԴ˶뵽һ㣬ҶĵĶ죬ֱӾͿڶԹԼԬҶĳҪɽɵͥӦȥ
Ԭ𶼵˵ͷȷҪģֻûڣԬɫͻȻһ䣬վ⣬ˣ


022 
˭
ҶļԬɫͻȻһ䣬̾ܳʲôʣһ󣬲³ȻͥӵˡɻǵãԬǰԳȷ٣
Ǿ˭ֻǱܵðһ仰ˣԬеָźˣҶѾ˸š
ݺܶഫ˵УԬ󶼹ǲټʲԬһҶĵһʱ뵽λĶꯣ
ҲǣԬ鵱ȷ٣Ҳ͵ˣ
˵ꯣҶҲ㻹һԵ֣ؽֵʱԼʱͽλȻֻǡ衯ЩѣԽҶԵһЩķɡ
ȴҪˣҶже㲻λƢɲôã
Ѱ˼Ӧϸ˵Ԭ͵Ԭĳȥ˵˼飬֦ڣ
ҲԵˣ
¹»ԼӱȻԸ⿴ͥɽɱɱϾһһԼĿǰЧľϴ󡯲ԸµģҲþôֱӡˮ
ԣܼ仰ͻһοܱľףò
ֻ˻ûͼͻȻһˣѾˣ
󾪣ҶĶһͫϸۿһȦ֮󣬲ԼԼƼǱһ֮ƺе㲻Ծ
ҶƼͬʱ֮һɣ˾ȻܹѰڣѰ˼⵱˾ͼռһŤһŲԼĪʮģʮֿӱǰ
üĴһۣڳˣڴͷϣȴ˾ʲôŤ֮С
һϮףɫ磬ϵһеǵϸǺ䣬ֻȥһС
Ԭ̹֮񣬿ںĩԬ飨𣩰ݼ
ֻȴûпˣֻһ㼴գӴ˵Ҳܹ꯵ҪȹԬࡣ
Ҳǣഫ˵꯶Ǻմ״ʣҲǼãͥеλ߳Ҳϡ棡ֻҶĺǴ˵ĲԸ龿Ƿʵ˿Ҷеİ֮𽥽
ȴⷬһѰ˼ڴͷȴƣ˵еְ
֮⣬Ҷĸ꯵ĵһӡǳ˭Ҷ˸ƤࣿϾ޼ʮ֮һҲ˳ʱվһ׵ɫͷһڣҲΪʣＴɽҲǳڡ
ʱȷҪΪһ֮ˣ˵ȥҲû˻Ĵš
Ͳ̸ˣֻЩС˵ɿףĵﻵŧֻĻĸһ˲ţһۿȥ˾ӡõˡ
ҶҲһ㣬ɽɲŵãһ޶꯴Ҷ֮˳һɨˣͼ֮Ҫô˧ҪôŮǼͷӣҲмֳ
֪ӦôƺɨһȦĿҶϣȻŸյҲûʲôλҲܹƵĳ˭ˡ
ɽҶģ
Դꯣѣ꯼ҶʩǵڣɽǵҴУҲǲΪ۲ϵʵػҲѻʥԼĵţ
Ҷ˼תתüȻ꯼ȻԵԳƣôܸýһ£һͰԼְͥܵƸȻһ¹Ƿýˡ
Ѱ˼ţǱԬȴѾ˵˻һˣ
Ҳܻ䣬ֱӵҸϵ֮ʱͣȴûлƳµй춯ֻǱڿ˴Թ̽һ
˵Ǵ̽ʵа˳ɵĿλҪֱӰ˾ߣ˳ɱʲôģָӴֱƽɽ
ЩȻû˵ȴµĳ˸ţȻо꯺ȴû˿ڡϾλȷ֪֮¾ͽһ˼Լ˲Ĵڡ
Щ˵飬ܹԼڵҶģżȤ
ĿһƣĿƳҶľܹԼķʱǾȣҲһЩõ뷨ΪҶЩǣվԬ飬ΪҲҪ侲࣬Ԭ鲻û飬ӻ̸Բûг嶯ֱӶ֡
Щ飬˵ȻãҶҲ֪Լ˫۾Ҳ˲鷳ֻǼ꯱ԼԤҪ˵Ķ࣬㿪ڵʲλЩᣬѾˣ
ꯡŶһĿȴѾתԬϣǺˣ
ԬԼ˶ȻꯣҲûʲôȵɫֻǵʲҶŹ˼УҶŵƾ˵ģ
꯵˵ͷжٻ¶һ㾪ɫ
Ԭʵ֪ģǵոɽ֮ʱԬսһһȽ˭ҲӮ˭ƾŮɽͼŽ£ԬʵʱԼʵȻûﵽ۷壬ҲѾˡ
Ԭ˷񣬼ǧʵܵԬͲԼ´ţӸλˣ
ɼˣҶܹ˵Ԭ黹еԾжҶĲֶ߿˼֡˵ˣҲбܴ֮кøС
Ԭ齫̧һȻѾûʲô״ֱƺҪ˳Լ־ԼڡһѾ۷壬徭ǿޱȣʱضãֻƾ͵ֵס⺮
Ǽ꯻ǳһðԵĺ꯾⺮ƺ͸¶һֿԶһСսһеĸоָоֱ۵ӡ
ҶʹʲôȻֲ
ҶԴ˻챦֮Ϊһֱһֱûʱúһ湦ıʣһֱ֮Ӿһ㡣
һֱ֮ӻһѾû˻ûľͬʱѶҲ󳬳󣬸Ҫһķͨ͸ҪǿĹ֧߼Ҫ߱뽫ǰŲķ׵׵ĳ͸ܹɡ
УһںĻϲȥǣеһҶͷϸٰʮꡣ
⼸ʮ꣬ҶҲǰķеıʣ˲ٹڻ챦ϣȻ඼Ʋ⣬ٻһЩõġ
ԸЩƲ⣬ҶĽ⼸ķıʣĿǰǰ·һĽھֱԼ챦׵ͨǵȵһ죬ҶľԼʵ㲻ܹɽ޵֣ҲԱ֤ûܹҪԼ
ʱҶĻûȫ챦ͨ͸ҲԶԸ󲿷ֵ鷳ֻǶԸ꯵Ļеûס
ܹ΢꯵ʵǾˡ
ȴãʱͬ˼һ߶ԬҲûʲô취ȻȥѰӣ㿴˵
ԬҲ֪꯵ʥĸһϤսꯣʥĸвٷͷ˵ġ
ջأԬֱӵл
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˵תͷѰ˼һͻȻȻҶŸղѾ˵ᣬҶ˱ǰҲʵȴ÷һ߲ԣ
꯴һеնȻһֱЦкȾƵĺ«ɴ޾ƺɫϾĿŶˡ
˷ӦҶҲǾ۵ףƳȻ˵˻ȴɱ⣬˵ûҪԼս˼ֻԼУҲԼ³
˼ӦΣ
꯵Ҳɴ࣬ҶĶ˵ˣֱӾ͵һУҶŽӲӵ£һ֮¾ˣ
û˵꣬ͻȻɽɻٴˣҲǲѣԵɡ
ԭһаҶĴˣ˲ݵ֣ɾͲˡϾҲǰλС֮ӵʵΪ˽ģҲ˵ڴ˵Ҳս֮ʥǰҲ
ⷬҲΪɽǣҶĲΪ꯻Ϊ仰͸ıʱҶȴƺ
ԬƺΪΪԴͥλ֮ԬߣӳãǰҲԨԴƺûʲôϡǹǺ֮ˣҲƺͥĹְ
Ƭ̾͵˴𰸣꯹Ȼ۲İǲԸ۲Ĺλƺ
ĻͥһЩ꯾Ͳ̫⣬ôɽɿһĺ¡
һ棬ִһ˿ļһҶĻͷЩʲôʲôɶܣֱӾͰɽˣ
ѹû£ֻӦһĹƣ˺ɣֱӾձˡͥȥ룿ˣҲˣֱĽͥⲻ⣿ٺ١
ο꯱ݹߣͥ˭иλ鷳ֻҪ۲׷ôҲôȥˡ
Ҷ˶ƣ꯽öɽɽһʱ˵¹Ҫ£ҲƢһЩ
ԹǱ߻û˵꣬Ҷľ͵ͷӦã
һЦҶĵƢǺܶθڣϾҲԼˣҲþôӣԻǶ˵˾䣺ɽԺ˵û˵Ȼ˴ţ
һ仰Ȼ࣬ȴ˶ԹԬΣͬʱҲ޵ıʾԼὫŪ̫ġȻֱ׵ǡӻģ
뵽һˡɽ֮϶ÿ⻰Ӷ˵Ҳô˽ܡ
ϾĴ׹ɽ˵Ȼãм֪˵ţƺķʱɽһȺ˻ûأ
Ҷļем䣬һ֣Χһ󲽣óôطŽܷһ񶷡
Ȼ˵ֻһУ˭һвô׽ӵģҶԼҲʮİտԽһС
ʱҲҶǰ֮˾䣺Ҷſñ
Ҷļ꯿֣Լ˫ƣ˫ԣ
⻰ҲдóıҲǳԴϰ֮󣬽˵ǴĹصʱϹҪһУ˫Ǻʲ
ã꯺һУ
һ꯽̾һҲûʲôֱһǰȭʹ˳ֻһȭƽȴǾˡ
ףһ֮׵ľƲһһ֮¾ֱΣҶĶ߻ǿж֣һȭѾǰ
ÿ죡


023 ȥͥ
һȭּֿҶļûκηӦʱ䣬ȭѾǰҶľȵǣһȭʹ˺ܶȴ˿ûһȥһѰֻһȭ
Ȼ϶ȴҶȻֻ˼ʮ꣬Ƕսľȴ˿٣˿˫ȴǱԴӦҪĶ࣬һȭ˫Ѿڵһʱ˺ʵӦԶ
ʱȵҶĻعԼѾһȭǰ棬Լ׼˳мһȭ̫ȭж־һȭжԼ̫񹦼ϰľһ㣬ͬʱԼ㲻廤ʹһȭǿᣬԼܾжȥӦÿԳܵס
ȴû뵽һȭڴǰͻȻֿ˼֣ʱҶĸûʱУȻһȭúôԼĵСҶȻӦ֮仹һӦ䣬΢ŲһֱۣûһȭСϣĽһȭ
ͻȻһ죬ֻԳƣ쳣̴٣˴ʱʱöһǰһͿѾվһ꯵ȭȴҶƽס
ͼҶȻһ⻪ڰɫγɵ̫ͼһţҶĽµʯ忦һ죬ȴҶΪģϺʯ澡ѳƬ°ݵơ
ԶʱûʲôǰԽ֮ͻȻýϴһǿᾢ˼оеվȣƺ΢΢ҡΣͬʱѺ۷ΧҲڼٵţֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬱˽²ŵʯҲѷ졣
һȭ֮˹
˶һȴû뵽һȭȻǿ̶ֳȣڽǰȻɽǿԽȭǳǿĵزҲû뵽⿴ΪһȭȻܹôֲЧ
һȭȭʱпֲԼǺ˵Чǻ㾪ȣƫƫһȭճʲôûУӾһϰѰһȭˣֻٶȿĿֲ
ǰһУʶһȭ̺ԶͬʱҲваԴһȭңܽӵô
ôһ룬̧ͷȥϵҶģҶĴʱɹ΢Цֵȵİס꯵һȭͬʱ΢΢ɢһ΢⣬˵ǹâƺҲȷϺƱһеĺڶһֻ֣ƵС
ͬʱҶϺڰױβŻֱֵָ̬ʱ˲ʶҶľȻǿֲһȭӲĽˣ
ҶľȻܽӵһȭĪ˵ԬԾǺ«Ҳǵɴ˫ۣе޷ţҶľȻ˼תǰԼǷΪе̫ðʧˡ
ȴãҶ⿴ɣֻһȭеֶΣԴһȭ˸ʵʵҶ屾̫ܵҪһȭľϧһȭ̫ǿᣬȻֱӴ̫г˹ȥ
ҺҶĻк֣羢һʱ䱬һ㽫ȭסͣĻ⣬ĥ̫ٴηڰ羢ɵЩ˰羢ȭ
ҶҲ޷ȫһȭĥɾѾ㲻壬ܽܲ˵ľɢȥΪ˱ΧˣҶѡķԼĽ£еĵŻᱻٵĲӡֻһСֵȭˡ
ҶĶ˻ûɵ棬ſһȭ˵ֵһȭȻԼʹõĹ򣬺ľһѧſסɼȻս֮Щֲ
ջƣҶĳһȭã
Ҳһջȭͷ˼ۣȴǶҶ˼֡Ʋʹ˶پֻԼãһȭûаˮ
꾫ް˾һѾ׼ãʮͳʮ˵Ҫöֻһ֮ˣ˲ֵܴƳ˼
ҶĹףĿܻˮԸղһȭĵȷȷóȫһȭȴû뵽ȻҶĻˡ
Ϊ˲Ҳ΢ǱһЩģ
ˣбµˣɣҶобµˡ
ûӲӲĽ±һȭˡڿȥǺһҶҲһ
ҶһЦƲ⣬ȴԣʵɽҲ㶥ˣԼܹǿסһȭʹ㲻Ǹ֣Ҳ
һҲԼʵɽ˸ŵʶа챦ͨ͸Ҳһսˣ
ڴʱǾûܴ꯵ġȻ꯵һȭԼ㾡ȫս꯴ٲһȭˣο꯻ûԼأеԬϣǱпǿķ֮һ
б֣Լܽһôһͷ⣬ϸˣʵ˸ейҶ֪˼ҶǼǧΪԼʮѣѾ̸Ѿǲˡ
أеʱҪѧ֪㡭
һ룬б֮Ҳɢȥ˼֣ȻôеҰο˼ܴܲһǻȥϼǧɣһȭˣ
˵˼仰֮ǰĽŸȻɢ˸࣬Ҷ佻̸
ʱҶԼɽɻͥϽ֮£ǿƽƽ̸ǰλԬ͹ʱȴãһһҷߡ
Ǻ«ɴ޾ʱȵӴҲԿ«ɽлԼλ㿴ꯣҲ΢кãҪԵʲô̬
ձǰΪ£ҶѾˣ
һ˲ˮ֮һھ̸¡
ãΪ˱ԼɽͻȻǰ̽Լַ
꯵˵ͷûֱͥӽ𵨸ｨɻʲô壬ҶźԻ£
Ҷһаһңû뵽ֱͥӽǣȲ̽𣬵ÿǶ۹۸вôꯣ˱ǰһضûУֻˡĿҶĴһֵӲ̶ֻӡ
һţҶһ߿ڽԼԭǵɣѰ˳ɾ󣬽ɵӶܵɽ統˵һ飬ǰԵûʲôֻǴ˷˵ĻһЩϸڡ
ʦֺıµоѩҶ۾գһ£ھ˵ҲǸ
ȴһһ߰ʦµˮƽԽԽˣֻôƬ̵Ĺ򣬾ͽһǧֵĶƪˮ˳ʮֵĳƪٹһʱʣҪǹĳƪˣ
Ҷһ˵˸ڵأǱȴɫ䣬Ƕ֣һֱҶĽ˵ˣһԭ˵ı顣
סˣȻ˼ǧļһǲһŲˮй۲꯵ı飬λıʼնһģƲʲôֻܰ̾һλǽ˼µˣԼԶԶδడ
ֻ꯵ˣҲҶŵ鱾ѾȥۣҲҶŵɽֻԱ֮Ҷɽŵλá
Ҷһ㶣漴׶ԷҪԼɽɰңȥɽҲûʲôӰ죬ҲŶطҲûʲô飬طҲһס
ҪɽǿҶƶģʵɽֻҪɽڣﶼһסǷɵҲûʲô𣬷ʱǲеɽģҲյӡ
ɽҪսҲȰֱߵȺӶ̸֮ˣĿǰɽҪĵϵµŵĳСһǶʱܹ㶨飬ԽʱɽɽҪ顣
֪ҪڣͻȻڵĩһԣ
ֹס˻ͷתͷ۹һУһɫ̾⻰ǰ˵ҶĸԹ
˼ȻֱӷգɽҲȺҪĻҪ˵һ¹ɣֻȴùȥ͵οԬվܲܵλȴ͵˼ҵ˾̸ɣ
˵ģﻹһɽͬǰôˣλô룿ȥֻôǣɽɶˣ
ҶҲں꯶ҪԼ˵ΰɽˣҶ˵ȥĶһɽ֮Уﶼһ
ʱ޾ȴͻȻҶĵҶҲƻֺ꣬ϧȴ桭
޷Ժеһɣ
޾ЦЦҲô鷳ʲϵҲͻý˵ֹ˼дʣһ˦䣬һԲ˳󣬷ųâ𻵵ĵ档
ֻ𻵲Ұݵĵ汻Ǿһ֮£ʼָԭ״Ǵ޾ʹڵ߲ͣչĵطָ˹ֻԼĪһյĹѾָϾǰһ޶˿û𻵹ĺۼ
ҶľǣϲֱӱոµģǱǰӣָоͺʱ⵹ص꯹ǰһƵء
ʲô
޾ЦһСˣֻʩչҪһЩԼӦķ˵ŻͭһҶע⵽ͭԳڲģͭеǵȴõģ˵ǰһ㡣
˱ν֮ΪǬŤתǬ֮ܡֻŤתһѰذʯ֮ġ
ԭǬԽеľ¼Ȼ΢ָһʱǰģʩչ⾵оʵжԵʲű޺ĵ档
ֻⶫҲԼϺ÷ǲ˾ġ
Ҷ˴вһǰ⾵ӾȻôǿᣬе㾪壬ڲⶫҲô죬޶ˡ
ͼǾڵһգĴҲ±һõĴôһͬˣͺͨһ㡣
޾˻󣬶ҶĵŻţǶǷͼ֮ĶоҶҪĻ
Ҷ޾ΪʲôҪæԭžרоЩģҲ뵽ɽǸɽɣȻʲôûУԼɵķ֮Ķ
ĻǡúҶĵ˼ôѰЩ˲أ
Щ鵹ǻǰʵΪҪ޾Ӧ˼֮󣬾ͼǷͼ֮飬ƽһ
ڴʱ˿лָǴ޾һۣ˶ϵ˽⣬ͻصԭλá
һ꯾Ϳڵʲűһ룬Ҷŵɽɱڴ˴Ҳһõѡ񣡡
ţôڷˣҶеƣǹһ£֪ⶨȻλʥ˵ʲô
ֻ꯼»ҪҶȥͥһˡǡҲԽɵıһӦͨͨˣ


024 ɽ
ȥͥ
ҶתͷƳǴ޾ִ޾ıҲе⣬˿ɽ֮£ƺûбҪһҪȥͥʲôĲžͿ԰ˡǻ걨һԼɽ飬ҲûҪͥһ˰ɣ
ƺҲҶĵɻЦŵЩҪҶԼȥ
˻һҶܾԼǰƳһԻȻѡһǴӦһǲӦ
ѡʲôľ飬Ҷȫֻ֪ܸĿǰһóĽǣӦƺɽɸΪһЩ
꯶Ѿѻ˵ˣҪͷԼæôԼǾܾ͵ڳ׵ĺλ˵ټͬʱҲΪͥԼطȥ˼ǱȻĽԼСЬÿΡ
ӦĻԼɽɾɽеʵȨｻˣɽδķչ϶żĴٽ壬ɽɺпͨ꯵İԼ֣ڼʮ׷ЩѾչǧɣ׵ɽȥ
鷳ҪԼæƲô򵥣ϵǰһЩԻԼɽĿǰĴܾйŪ󻹻ϽЩ޴֮սС
ĻƵôӳ飬ҶҲû˽ɵӦĹ
üѰ˼Ƭֱ̺Ӿ͵֪ɷϸ֮
꯼Ҷô˵Ҳûдߴ٣ֻǵͷٱڹɽӪ̣Ȼ󾲴Ҷǰ
⻰ûʲôϵҶȴף꯵˼ǻ˵ϸ֪һȥһȻҵϸ˵˳ʱ䡣
Ҷĵ˵ͷϿ꯵ⷬţȭãҲͿ͵˼ˣ꯴ʱѾվԬҶһתͳȻ󼸲ϿȥԼұȥˡ
һߣĿȫ˴޾ϣʱоֻд޾ɽˣѾźϢ֮ȥЪϢȥˡ
޾룬ڵϵȵеˣá
Ҷĵ˵ͷȻתͷʹ˸̱Ŵ޾ȻͨΪϵ׼˿ͷȥϢתشţҶġ
룬ȽԼ鰲ףȥ˵ȥ״ӾԺ˵룬Ȱȫ˵Եġ
ҶĽݶɽһ½һ£ԼҵĵӶûȫͬʱԼҵӶЩҲ಻ʶҪҪʶʶһʱǲסˣҲȻ죬óԼ˲ʶԼ˵
ԼĪһˣվˣҶֻһƾ;úһȺԴ۶ˣڲʶЩӣЩʶʶ
ȵѾ֮ΪԭɽϸߣҲߵϹͳУȽҶĵһһܸЩӡ
Ҷı㲻ˣϾҶλҶʦ潫ǴɽģӴҶʶҪܵȴ͵ˡ
͡ءѩµȽһžҶµǼӣȻҶֻǼ𱲷ȴҲ൱ߵģ»˼һãǿ˹׾һȺԼԼϵĹԼ尡ʲôеŤ
ԭΪԼֺõ͵ĹӱҲⷢ־ȻбֱСģһءʮģ඼ĺ󱲣һʱǺ档
ڴɽ˵ǱֽһգðʦҲͰˣֶʦ棬һʦʦ֮ģŶͷۡ
Ժǲˡ
뷨жһ飬ܿǾףֻҶһһҲûĻˡ
һ飬Ҷ漴˵ͷǼԼĵӺЩҲԼֱϵӡ
ϵȳȻӦͽԼ󱲣һȳҶǰǸңбǸӤվҶǰ
Ϲֻǰһ͵ʦԴӳԺɽɳΪһ˽ɣԲͽϡ¾ֻôһˣ
ʲô֪ȴʱ˵Ҷ֮Ҳ͵˵ͷĿתǺϡ
ŮŮԼƵú̫үүС檣ԼҲúүүֻǰüӸʦ
ʦүүĻ
ҶľеŤƺеƨ΢Ťһ£Ҳû˻ע⵽һ㡣
⺢ӻûü
ǡڴʱֻԱߵͿڵʲôͽɺˡȻ÷ǳϸ΢ʦֵĶȤζȻ⺢ô֣
ҶѩҲ΢ŵЦԼֻװͬʱҲʲôûһκ
ȴûϵһȴед˾ò֮Ҳ˵ͷΪֲ⶯û¡ؾǰ͵ЦΪҲҶĶȤζʹȻµܺߣ
ôŮ־ʹ˾ͬʱҲһΨһĴˣҶ׼Խ̵Ȼ֮󣡲ⲻھͿʼһЩǰ׼Ҷһ֣жһҩƿݸµӽտʼ⣬㸺չɺƿҩÿˮɺ¡һÿһ
ȡһҩһҩԡҩſܲѰҩģÿЩҩЩҩ֭Ȼɺ裡
µ˵ͷҶĵĶ֮󣬱㽫պãⶫΪʲôûɺĸףȴΪɺĸ˪ͨѧҶĻԸ˳̵һ˪Ҳܹ念ĿɺųɣɺûɶɾأΨһҲȥˣ
ôһԼͽһʱ׵ˣһ
ԼĵһʹɫǸҶĶ˼۵ĵ˾ǰĳҶʩһ񣺡ӳüݼʦ棡
ü
ƺ֣ǵţһƵĿֻӵüǽˣ䣬ǡʷᣬ䱨Ѫһֱڵߡ
ΪܹȴʹԵؾĽ̵ѡΪҰ£һ˫üڳˣӱ˸ΪüԭȴѾ֮ãѾʮ࣡
Ŷ
û뵽ԭлನۣҶ˽֮ͬʱҲΪ鷳ɱ̫ʢһֱҲû̫ӣ֮⣬ĵӻڽڼⳤüΨһˡ
ʦЩ书
üĵȴűŹ⣬óѶʦС๦Լ˫
ҶĲ⼸Źõļ׹ˣȻȫڸⳤüⳤüʻ൱ġ
ŶΣ
޶ۣвʦһ빦
Ҷı⻰תһ;òԾ漴ˣΪڲ࣬ⳤüܲ˵ѾʦҳȴЩ⣬üŽʱҲԶĳãʵһЩҲġԲһ붼Ȳϡ
ȻϹʹʱҶĶߵⳤüǱŵھŴɫһˣȻҲкһЩɫȥйأǰ·תͶɣ˳ɾͣǲף
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾף볤ü˵仰֮󣬾ͻ˻˵һȥ
֮ƽƽ֮췲ಡȻҲϰɽɹȴûͽ⺢һӾںԼԼڸ˶ӣԼҲˣ
ʱ˽ƽ쳤䱧Ҷֲ鿴һСҪǰʱ΢ôһ㣬⾫ͷǿ˲٣֪ҩЧԸչ֮Ҫúչ⺢ӣȵָ˼֮󣬱ɺһ㣬ʼҩ֭裬ǡ
쳤䣿תͷƳңң˵˾䣺ıǲˣ
ңҲûϷӵкԼͬǵϷȻΪƽӽңʱһȻԼʦʱѾµԼʦڶˡ
ǴʱĽԵŮǳԼʱңһſѾױˇ֣Ⱥдһ߳һ߶ӡĽӢ֮û߶ơ˾ͽûڴ˵أ
ҶȫʲôҲûֻǶ±רϼ񹦰ɣϼ񹦴֮ڰѡʵĹ
һʱҲûΰѾͷҶ˵Ҳ˵һԡĽһΪ٣Լöչ˲ȻûʲôͽܣҲĽԵΨһˡ
˴ʱҶѾе˸УԼһ߸ͽܣ㵽ʱѾĸͽܣһҴ඼ֻǿѪѣ͵Ӵһϣͽͨͨϸ
Ȼƺأߵǻʵۣͽôվһźʮ̫࣬һŵùٴ󳼣Ǵϵ
ȻɽԺ϶Ҳɽˣָȥɽɣ⡭Ҷ±̭ɽˣ
ȻΪˣɳȥװװʲôģԻһɽ˲Ŷʢָ֮ȡô
̾˿ҶĶԹ֡һ£ɽֱϵоǽˣңŶʮͷˣûüͽܡ
֮ʣϹһˡŶɭҲ´С
վԼֱӸöҶһƣд඼ƽ֮ûʲôڵ
ӿҲǺܻ飬Ҳ̫ߣϹͱҲԽ͵ʦͽԣֻԺΪǷ㣡㹻ŬԲҲԸ£Թʦµڣǡ
ʲôҶ̾ͲµĳͿһվ˸ˣһģãȺûһµģǴɽ磬ЩҲʲôΪҲʮữΪһ
Ϊⷬٶɽɵ˶Ҳࡣ
𿴹ͺ˰˸ӣʵյĵӲ¶ʮֻʮѾȥЩôҲһЩӣɽйһࡣ
˸һȥһȺͽﱲֵģкöСֵˣҶһȥֻ۾һһ֮ȴָûסȻҲЩ̫Ѱûʲôر֮йء
ֻιЩлûϵȻɾ⼫ΪʺĻпϣɽԽĲʢĿǰܲǺܴ
ϹͽԼĵҲ˳ĵҲȥͽϹ͵ˣǹ¶СͰߵģϹͶҲΪϲֱ£ⲻ֪ҶİԸһ䣺㻹뵽Ĳ
ɭĴҲһЩˣһûҶľǰһȺһ۵Ҷе棬Ϲ;ͽܵΨһĴˣҲɽɵˣڵ£ͬݡ
Ǿҵһඣ


025 ״ṹͼ
ΨһġҴߡͶɽ£ͺҶ˵ֻʱһû˼ȥעȽϽر࣬һȥͱԺ
ʱһҶĲôһ磬ԭҲͰˣϸ룬ҪһԺﱣ׼ʲôĦ
㲻ĦһҲǽͷ۵飡
Ŀǰɽɵͦãߵ˿ʼţѩûеӣѾԼˣɽûзֳ̫ɣҶĴµĵΪֱϵһϵ
Ȼ˵ֱϵϵûʲôһ˲ţԺҲһܻ䵽һĵϡ
ɼȻɵģôһЩʼ޷⣬ΪҶĵһӣжԵñһţһ㡣
ĿǰأҲദĲԺ˿Ҫôȥǧ꣬ǵñķΪá
ѯһɵӵĿǰɽ书ѧĲֻ࣬ѧһЩűѧĹȫķɽȭ̫泤ȭԼƣṦû̫УΪһسɴʵҲ൱ǿṦ編һҲûҪŹ
ɱе񶴾ؽԼˮơתԲϼŹѾ㹻ԱˣɵӶû̫ͷҲûȥѧϰһǿĽ
Σ
Ϲ͵ʵɴˣأӵһܹɸ˵
Ŷ
Ҷû뵽ϹͶ˸ߵۣɵ϶˼ۡ
һƣ˵ô࣬ôƺʣ˽ʲô֣
Ϲһ㶣ԼһֱûкҶĽܹˣ˱СĹ¶ȡΪ죬ҪŵģɺʦͶɽɺʦʳڣܹɽɽɣҲи߳ɾͣûǵʿ
ô
ɽȻųƵһǴȴ޵ˣԽϾɽɲڵĵɡ
Ҷһ˹˵ʿҪزٹأԷǵʿΪɽΪСڣһɽʦ˵϶Ǻʵѡԡ
룬컽ǰƺͻȻͷһЦ˵ԭŵģ
ǣ
ҶǰԵúǴݣûа־нģҲԲ˵Ҳ
ȻǾ΢һģúˣϺˣҶЦЦȴͻȻһָоʦֵĶȤζˣ
ֻҶĵұȡһ֣Ժ㻽ڣΣ
һ㶣߶һûͦ˳ڣͷʩ񣺡лʦҲһȡӽʼɽɵĵˣɵĹҲײɽɵУΪһ
ȥ룬ǲҶҪڣԽɵĹԼشȥĻһ֣
Ҷӵ뷨ƿ޶ûطȥΪպúҶȫ෴ǰͲ˶ŽΧȻһΪɽܶĻԸԼĵȥչС壿
Ȼĳ˵С巢չ֮ۼһͬΪȻĻڲһЩˡ
ͬʱҲԲ뵽ҶĸȫΪһӰԼסǲӰҲΪȽ˧ķЧԼǲƬ
ȻɽɣɽȻҪͳͳ£һֹʦֿ϶Ǳ뷨ҹŵʲôĺܿͻðˣҲӢ֮ҲԶˡ
ҶĻعͷһۣһ֪̫˵Žͱ죬ȻתͷϹ͵Ľܡ
ʱѾ˸ŵ˽⡣
ȣɽɱߵľҶһĻ
ߴţҶģ
ͬݵʦѩҲŷˣŶ˻£ʦԼ˻ء
⼸˾ɽĿǰڱߵˣͬʱҲɽɵߴӵȫԼҾ졣
ɽɵڰ˴ӣȱҶһѾƽҲѾȥĵĽԣӹңԼߵ룻
ѩһֻһϹģҲѾϹѾƽɼңµҶĴˡ
ӣɭѾϹͽڡӶд£һʢ
ڻأΪǼҾ죬ҲûãԾͲˣҶȴãʵ߻һˡ
ʱϹǸҶĽƼһˡ
ԭؾסɽ֮ǸƼկΨһҴҲһɽϣ֮ǰʼҲûʲôصġ塯˻صͬ˸ӣ˻գǰƼ
ӾɽûʲôϰʵתһѧҽôһֱɽϵҪҽԱ
˻ƣҲûʲôϡҲѾӽʮЩŵӣʱԼһһСӣƸҶļͬʱҲûʩ񡪡ͻһˣùܻؽн㣡
ֻһžͦˣȻҲϰʮòʮµСѾͷһСΪûʲôʣ޷ϰϲ㹦һѧϰҩԴͰһƬˡ
һͷһСѾͷƬʩҺ㣬˶еŤǻԼҲͦεġ
һ֮󣬻ҲҶԴǸԱˣȻһƿĸϣ˻ǳһҽ̵ģⱲֻǺܸߵġ
ֶûȡĶӣҪɽɵıеģôǴӳһ㣬ǴӻҪһ
Ҷһİ壺ӻɣĻ൱Ҷͽһˡ
Сְɣ
ʱʵżСʱȡʽҲǺ飬СһУһС볤ԶأûҲ
ƱҲżǰƽֱŮҲ޻˱ؾ֣ԼӶشˣƺʡ
ǡôʱ˶ڣгҲۣȻȻܷŹƾѰ˼ҪС֡
ҲҶܶڣϣԼܸ֣
ʵҲͦ࣬ѾԼģҹڵĻ常ϣǻաȻ˸ףΪԼϻգʱѾնȥҲ˽ԼܵǺο
ʱȻƣôѾڣԺҲûʲôĻᣬջҲջˣԼʲôɽȥ
ƫƫҶĻˣһɽᵽɽȥǱ˽ҲڡǰѾͷһŮԼǱ˽ʱЩ㵣ŻعԼѾŮԲŻ᳤ϣϻͯ
Ļܾܵеˣ㲻ϲܵô죿ʵҪǲϲҲûʲôµأòΪԼԺϾѾʮԾ£Ҫ˶ԼҲȥˣСӡ
ɽɵλʵߣпĳɽԺķչԽԽãֻŻܹԼ΢һ㣬ƽշһܹƽƽɽϹһҲˡ
ܹöӵôɷǾ͸ˣ
ԣ⵱ϣܹԼ׽ҪΪԼӶһЩøСôԼֵĺӣ϶ϲְɣοֶӡ
֣
˶Ŀת˻ϣĿתϣɣĲôã
ҡͷܵܵҪҵòκϡοʦץֲͽˣ
ǰһ⵹Ǹӣھ͵ǾͽлҩʦͻƷɺɡ
ҶŻػʲô֣û뵽Ѿͷɴ࣬ԼɽկĿģҲֱӱĳ

û¾ȻԼҸ
⻰ȴҶ˵ģȻҲ˵²ۡ⻰Ȼ󣬵ǻؾߣȻһһ¾ǻҩʦǻصĵôԼǵӾʱԼҲûٱ˵Ц
ͶҿûҶΪǹСӴյһʦֵƾôĲ˸ְɣ
شŭҽлأлأ
£شΪڣ⻰˵˳ȥǻҲǴϲֹȻõĺܣֱӾ͸ԼӷֺˡֽлҩʦСӽлƷɺ裡
˵
᣺ջƵıȽģҾ
˵˽࿴飬ȴ￴Ӱ˰ɣ
˵ʲô
ƺꣿ

ȥҶѰ˼޲û᲻ԭôͨҩĻҩΪҩɾˣ
Ƿˣ
ҶһͼѰ˼Դǻûȫı
Լһж˸ƣȻԼͬǸûʲôʵȨûˣҲûʲôӰȫԺԡ
ڰ˴ӵУҲԲһСΪͷݽɽɵģôȻҲһһ֧
Ҳҵû״ͼԽԽ˰
е˶ˣϵȻͻԽԽӣҶǱȻ
£ǵھŴӣĿǰھŴûʲô˲ţɽһƺ˶ϵҶƲӦЩа棬ܵӰ죬ŵһĶϵ
ʵиԭҶĺˣΪҶĵЩͽͶᣬɽһ˹âҫ£ǵͽܼûðͷĻᡣ
һ㣬Щûдﵽ۷¾ͽܣ̵ӵûԴҲûŵɽɵھŴ˲ŵ㣬ǺĸСһ˲չˡ
ھŴУԳüΪɫ⻹ǸͶʦģɴ˿ɼɽһˡ
ʣ¾Ľ֮ŮԼǰ˸ˡһһҲǸϹŻľһĵӡ
Ҷƣ͸оɽ⴫нṹھŴʱͻȻסƵأݵĲ񻰡
ָֻСһˣ
ʮӣҲﱲһһУɺ쳤ȻǴСҪʼҶȫԶǱ㹻ڴͬʱüƺҲһӣ׼ţҶҲɴֱ࣬Ӿʹ˸ӵĵţСֵͯĺܼ͵˸е
ʦ֣׼ȥŪһԴ򣿡
˵ɣҲԺԼأ
֮⣬ڡ硢Ҳһģ˵ģյҶļеģͲȵڰ˴٣ҶȫԶ⻹ûɳһԼΡ


026 ڲ
ӶˣֵڴĵҲˣôһ㣬ɽѾ˴ŴˣҶʱҪ統쵼ɽɣǲˡ
ɽҲôʮˣ׳Ҳû٣ȻŵӲ٣ҪĵģҲô
أͻȻ־ų˼ӣҪصҲѾкüˣĻľҲſ¡
οҪ黹ܶ࣬Ȳ̸ҩݸҪΪҩҲҪΪҶĻ׼һרо󷨵ĲأϾɹϵɽԺĻɽȵ顣
ôһ㣬ԼҪʵ̫ˣп뿪ɽһӣȥͥһ⡣
˼ת£ϹͽܵҲûüϸȥҲûЩӡ
Ź£ҲǼͳĿǰɽɵڶһλԼʮͷҲǸ൱ڵĵӣǰŸոսŹһְԭŵеĶ
ʱΪɽ˲ŶϵһʱѰʵսΪͽԱɴཫΪŹ£һͽѧգֻǽȻףĵȴ̵书ûô̫ϹΪ岻ҲûЩ飬æĻͷԣ˲ÿüշһʱʱָһû㲻ĵӻٵ
˲ŵ㰡
ҶһԼҲͦƣһԽͳţԼûȵһأͷԼŲʵڹ˾ΨһͬʦҲԼ֮λ
أòһһĽɷչˣûüվ۷ĿУͱǾݶһ˳ȥȵȥˣɽһһ߼ţ˵磬ԼҲٴα˸һͿܹõϵ˼ûУһҪ黹ǵԼԳ֡
ҪԳͣҲôɶʱҹأ
಻ϸ˵ҶһŹ£һһڶСĵǡ
Թͽ࣬ԭһͽˣЩͽҲȺ˵ӣһ˾һҲˡ
һһվȷΣҶ˰һҲûסЩﱲĵӻǽԼӡ̡
Щ˻ûжͽͷﱲһȺдʱҲǱȽᣬҲǸոմתŵģʱҲǸʲôҶ׼Ժ۲۲죬кٵѰ˼
ǵ˸ŵͲҪȥȥˣֻҪµһƾͺá
ԭɽŵǧˣɽһͬɽԼĪֻжٶˣһֻʮ࣬ʣµĶճɽָġ
ЩƷǲҶĶҲȽϲ˵ʱΪѯ´Ƿ˼Ҿ죬ǴˣŵʱҪǵҾˡ
ѯһ֮ã󲿷ֵӶûʲôҾ죬ֻһٲǴ޶ǰЩвһҶɽɵӵġ
ⲿֵӿɵˣ
ʦĻЩɼҵĵӶһɽǵӵ˲ٴΣԷܿԣ
ɽɸṩס޻ǳĺԺĽṹҲܹôҾ߶ʦֵܼҲŽһЩ
ɽṩסҲףÿ˶еĴ齣Ҳһ䷿ɣŵӰŵĴ󲿷ֶ̡ͨҲһŴ󿻣ʮˡ
ڱֳɫĵӿԵһ䣬ϳԴɸ˵ɽⱲӾͲóˡ
ڵȻе仯ϻֻǵһסĺԺַᣬøЩҵĵסһƬҲŵϷΪ󲿷ֵסǲ򱻳Ϊ
ǸƫԶһЩԺ䣬סĶŮӣĿǰɽԼĪʣʮŮӣᣬ˽ȶҵС
ЩӰ˵ҶĲҪ˽⣬ֻҪ֪µͺˡ
˽ڶŵӵİţҶǽɽɳ׵˽һȻʼɽĿǰһЩ
˭
ҶƣϹ͵ĿǰɵӵΣֻǵӴ඼ˣλá
˵ͷʾϹͲ˵ˣҶĵȻˣ±Ϲִƣθ£Ϲʦ˻ָӣЩȴ
һ㶣漴ʦȸԼҵһ̫˹ĲӦ
ȺгһͽϹԱߣѯǲҪЩʲô
һףԭɲֻǸ̵ɵӶʶ֮ģһǱƹѧؼеĲţ˵˾ͺµĴĦԺһʡ
ܹĵӣʼ֮˲֮󣬱㲻᱾Ե飬רоձǡֻ뷨ܺãĿǰϹ֮⣬¾ǼûˣĿǰɽҲûҪĻʣ¼ˣһҲԵʦ
ͬʱרŴؼҪصĻʩˮɽɼΪҪڣԴⲻáֻɽ磬˿ʼЩؼôҪô
ҶҲ˼⣬ĿǰҪ̫ɽеĹЩͽǵ֮
ɣԼҲûǸ磬һ㻹úúѰѰһʱҲ˲ϡ
ҶΪ󣬶ԭĹ²ûɽҶĸɴ֣ӢϲϹоСȥǲ֣ȻһͽĶˣܹϤɽ
ⷨ⣬һʱҲýΪʦﵹмʱҲûʲôôڷУеӱֳɫѡһΪ
Ҷ˵Żһһķȡ˳
ʲôһкǧ࣬жʮ඼ǴѹģͬʱһӭǹˣӱѪõһˣɻһˣǸϺã˹»Уնìˣӱȡһˣһȡһʯӡһر齫һ½֡һս֡
֮⻹зɽɣֻһ㣬˫кüף˪Խ񻢽һ𽣾һȡȥ彣ˣҶĻңҪҪѡһңãҾûǱŹȽϺһЩܾˡ
һӰ˵ĶŵУҲ̾һõɽͲôˣ
ǰڶȴһȺͨˣǰȾһ߲ʰ쵵ĶԼʦһһⶪ޾һ۾ֱˣһصıֱˮĵһǸöã
ǰҶ˵ЩΪ͸ĵӵģҲûϣһµǼŬеľͷ
Ҷķ˷ִָ󲿷־Щˣ߰㣬RPGһĳʵеŤΧɢżſŷס
һŹĹһԣԱߵĵӻһԲĶվĿңǳһ󲽡
ĶֻҪ̫ĶʶⶫΣգýҲһ㡣
ЩˣյУƹܣ
֣Ӣ˵ͷȻߵЩǰԼĽָһһڵӿ֣Ӣһӣˢһ¾һѶ޲Ľ֣ϣгһԼҲѧֶΡ
֣ӢǻʲôֶΣǴǿָϵĴָˡ
֣ӢպãҶͻȻ𣺡Ǵ﷨ҲûˣҲӦǺ«ɣЩͬʱҲôɽ統ʲôнף
ҲɽӲͨʲôܲҲһʹͥӡƵĳƱɣһȺҪǶҲû尡ܵˣƫҲͷۣɽʲô˿ˣ
߸ɴ֣ӢȥŲ̋ϼ·ŪȻѱʼǱ͵Ϸǣ
Ҷľе㲻ףʱŵһԣԺ˵
źˣҶ漴ᵽǵҩ󣡵ҩҩݸģҩݸĹҲһûɽ硣
ȴΪҩݸĹѴ󣬼ӵڶ࣬᲻뿪Ǹ磬ǵĲҵִ඼˱˾統С
ҶҲǿ˵ɽôҲǲѰʹѾ㹻Ӧ֮ͷԲ˲ŻǿҶԼȰѻΪ˹£ȻѰһȦ󣬾ңҩ
ʦҾһЩ
Ҫ֣Ҷĺǳһ䣬Ҳûʲôʵˣǵҩһ˵
ԼһӶңҲͲˣСӴʱѰ˼ǽҶãؿǷ׵ооôǵҩóһЩɿţζģʳɾͽˣԺʿϲʲôζٺٺ٣
ҶĲԼһţɽպ󻹶һֵɽƷζޱȣ
󡢷󡢵ҩ󶼰׵ҶĿʼ齨µĲţȱѾѡֵĽɸ󣬽ɸǲҪ̫鷳һŵҲţȥæҲˡ
Ҫǽⲿȴ̨ͬʱеӶôһŵĴڣԼŹݸ֪ˡ
Źνɸ£ȨֱӵŵӽɸͬʱҲͨѡȥɸæ
ҶĵĹ룬ɸɲҪȺ˽ӳģͬʱҲǰЩԸɽȴԸֱӰɽɵˡ
Ҳ˵һֵڣɽеıɸԸɽɣҲɽɸ𡪡Ȼֿڻᷢ
ɸг˱ɵӱǿܴڵĿǣҪɾȺˡ
ʱŹѾæԼȺҶ˵ʱȻ˳ŹŹ˳ƽӴ˿ɽŵУΪ˹ԱеһԱ
ǸĿǰҶĻûΰãҪ鴦ˣȻŻȥ˵
ҶҪ²ͼֻϧĿǰͷֻȰͷϣȻָΪ£üΪ¾ôȶţȵԺ̸о󷨡
ʦ־ͻ鷳£ȵһа׵ڵӾɢȥ֮͵պҶıԹ
鷳ͼڼ¿ʲô鷳ģ
ȴʦԴҲôģָڳͼ¼ʱһǵúʦֶȥоûûˣ
Ҷû뵽ʦܶԼôģΪͼ¼ǴײôԼԴһ־һţ
û뵽Լ꿿ŽָʱʱŪ书׳٣ʦô̵ӡ󣬿Լ취Ūͼ¼ˣðܻԼòĹ
˵ɣ»ûѰ˼ǸЩȴڵڼУҹɾ֮˵ΪһΣ
һҶҪȥˣпܴӦ꯵Ҫһͬȥͥһ⡣
ʦһ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷҲܰһЩϾʵСӲֻȷǿЩеǰÿǱסɽɣ
˻һҪڵѩҲ˻ȥҪҶһȥе㲻ģûͬԱһֱ˵챻˵ĶڵҶͬһɣ


027 

ת򶫷˵ʵͻȻ˵˼ҪλҲڵСʵǰɽڵƣŮǺˣųܣһֱɢȥˣҲ˽ܹŮӾ˭
ȥʱ˽Ҳⲻ̸һ඼²ҶʦŮ֮ģȻҲв²ʦ˵ŮȴɽϼˣƺǺɽĳλǰŮ
ô²⣬ûŮݣҲĿǰйأʮͷֲЩѾõɵıǰӦòʲôǰɣ
˭û뵽Ƕ۱ֵĻɽûܺƽģڶϤҲùǰơ
ʱλǰҪǺټԹҲô죬ҲǺܼ򵥵ļ仰㶨ʱʱЩ任ⶫǰԼĶʦһӣġ
ҶԼǰҶУɽغɽҶŻǺɽҲˡǡ£ɴҶͬȥ
¶һĿ⻹ǻصҶϣֻҶҡҡͷв֪Ƿȫǰ;δýжգ
ãԶɶûﵽΪԼǰȥҲûʲôô˵ˣڵĶݹ֮ѧϰˣҲá
Щ˵ԼĻѾⷬ˼ˣҲʲôرٶ֮ˣӦܹĳ
Ȼҧҧ´ҶĻе˼ˣǼҪͬУҶżȻԴɽУһҲʲô¡
ҶͷޱȣɽΪɽǾݶ֮ҲǽΪ˵ȷʲô⣬ʲô飬Ǹô죿
ΪԱûʲô֮ͥоȶǿûԲһЩȴһһѣȺӵĳԼܶûܡԼǰ׼ΣպֱһȻɽ̾תƲȫһ㡣
Ÿô£
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ѩȴô϶Ҳǻ¡жڲ࣬ԼʦӦòɽҶһҧһţֱӻȥԼͥעȻȡʱ䣬ĻҶľԱɡ
ǴŶҶ¿϶СһЩ벻ѡЩ̫Σյ·뵽ѩ϶ﵹҲ޷οʦֵһ仰۵ĶＸʮ겻ȥ˷ʦǰȥҲȨɢˣ
Ҷķ˷ۣһôɢģһܰɢû
οŶеΣԼɲֻһεĿԷӣʱΧ˲ٻ㲻ʲôǶ˽ҪԼô죿
˵ôҪŶŮȥˣ
ʮȥˣҶļٺãҲܰ˼סο˻ɽɵģԵʱûôһˣʱһЩ£¡
ϸһѰǺɽȵƺᣬһȴԵúǳ¾ɣƺδסģĪѾͷѾˣ
ȻҲпѾȥˣҲöʣҲû̫ϵֱӾͶһߣ
ԺҾֱɽȥ꯵ľӪ̸һ顣ʦЩѾǬˣ
ɾôҶҲûиɴţ˶ŬУҶĻָٻһЩʵĹָԴǿ֮ٴ˳ţָо統ʱһ
ֻһΣָʱҪĶ࣬һֱҶ׼ݶ֮ǰſɡ
ʱָû̫仯ֻӾӨͨ͸ʱҲ˵þǰ׽ʯˣǽ񣬵ǺÿĺܣͬʱָҶĵָϣΪһ壬ϸ治ע⵽ϻиָ
ⶫҶܹһͷӾݶ嵽ɽеĹؼԼǾƲܺԵģȥ֮ǰҶٻһΣһֱָܸӸҶǬĺ֡
Ҷֱ֮ӽⲿǬ¼һݺ󽻸ѩ͵ˣɢ̽ͬʱ
ʱҶĻѯʵľǹˣܹǬò࣬ôҲԸĵɽ
Ǭֻ֫Ǭ߾Ѿͷˣ
ٻǬǬţͬʱе߾쾪ضǰ
˵ǬǰֻͨʽĻô߾쾪ضκһжǿԵɱõĴУУ͵սŹ
ͣѩҪһˣԴҲʼǬ֮ڵĽʼ˱仯ԾȻôһĻָ˼ԡ
ѩһ֣罣һ㣬óǬֱһױ̬ĽһǵԭʹĻ˳һӣӰӰǻ𾢡
ѩȴһʽһĽӰӰϸ˻棬ȴַȣҪԭĻǿѩΪ֮ĻҲǿʹԭģǬģֻƺûбҪô
ʽĸþѩǬϵȽϳٻͿʼǬˣѩſǬţֻǽ˫ľ磬Ŀǰϰȴ˫㡣
ҶҲû˵ʲôǼйͬӰ죬ҲǬԼˣпܳͻʱεķŹһ
ȻõԼΪӸ⹦氡ʲô˸֮ӦÿԽ⣬ĿǰѾˡ
Ǭĺٻ֮ҶҲָٻ뿴ٻǶһΣָˣҸٻʱΪȴƣҪٻĶһٻʱǶʱ֮
ҶĴӾݶô̵ʱָûȴĿǰֻܵһͨͨװϡ
ԼزôǬΪɽɾѧˣԼǬ͵߾ǰ˳⼸УɽӦòڻ̫ҡ
˼ʦڹؼʱǺģ˵ͷʾԼҶŷĵɽ
׻ǸˣҶĲһľԼҶ޷ֻýһţڽ⵱УȻϸ߿գ漴һתֱɽ¶ȥ
ٵķУöǾһҶĻعͷȻе㲻˼Դ˼ɬȻת´ϸǰܿľ
ⶫԽԽŮˡ
ĶȻûһ䣬ʮǰĶԵøӽģʱվڽ⵱ȻûϮ壬һ۳ȹȴβסˣųȹҶҲԿҪȵֺ˲֪١
ľȻȻ»ã
ۣҶ漴ջߣʱѾɽͷƯڸ߿ϵɽ̾ѣϴϿɽɽۼѾΧƯŵļСɽҲƶΪ飬һۿȥɼҸأǰлüʱĿĹ£ֻôƶƲ
ϧôƲʱҲǹͷ羰ʱҶѾ˾ںӪͥЩһ֣󲿷ֱѾȥһҲֻǷ꯸ԼŸסˡ
Ϊ˱ʾһЩ𾴣ҶĵĽֱڴӪſڵĵط£ͥʿֻһϹɽ£һƵ̼Ӫ֮ǰҲʲô죬ҲûʲôرֻǾǰһϹȻʧһһŮƮƮǰ
ɽҶģǰݷԴ
Ҷãֱӽȥǣŵı䲢ûмҶģǵ꯵кҶˣֱȥʱɡ
ҶһǴɽϷģȻỳ٣Ҷʩһ·ҶӪдƬ̣һ֮ǰ
棬Ҷֱӽȥǣ
Ҷĵû뵽꯰ŵĵǹʹˣԼֱӽȥͺãԼʱ˯أҲֱӽȥ
漴ԼˣѾɲ֪꣬˯ʲôĶ˵ѾпޣԼʲôʱŵλ
ƿҶһȥͼ꯶֮ϣֱ߰ڷˮֱﵹˮһ°ͣģһˡ
ͬʱҽűſһɫȮҶĽʱ⹷Ƕ䶶ôſôſƤûҲôҶģҶ˽Ŀˡ
һͷȮˣͷǲС
ȮλĿһ֧ӥȮģӥԵþͷʮ㣬һ˫ӥޱȣҶһ͸оӥתͷ˫ӥ´ԼһȻ¶һ˿мģ
٣ë
ȻӥϿʲô飬ӥۺ漴һתͷһٿӣԾڱҶġ
Ϊӥͱ컹ţ˰
аһҶҲûĺһͷȥϾֱǰ󣬾ͼ꯶Ͱźõλһָ
ҲûʲôӭŶΣҲûҶĵ˷ܵĺһɤӣզ󣿡
ݣȻӣϾҶ񻹲һɽڻͬʱַͥݶûСҶģҲȥЩԽݵ顣
ҶҲΪ⣬ֱ֮ҲԹԵĸԼˮǳһڡ
ţˮܺúȰ
Ϊͨˮȴˮޱȣ֮ƺͬʱһֱ֮θһһƽԼķβһһˬ
Ҷģ䲻αЦ񱾾ſȷҶŵȷǸ˴ã
ŶҶһ㶣ȴûӻֻǾġ
ˮǴӸȡҶԼҽµĶʶãǸôЦŸ˴𰸣ԼҲǹһڣ˵ˮͥǾȵȴΪѵã
Ҷ׹ˮճ㣬ɽɵĲƲ˰ˮԴȻڸúúÿΧָжŵرԼȥھأ
ͬʱʲ仰ҲҶ׹ǰȻɽǴ˼ˣмֹǡ
һ㣬ҶǸոշôȫпǷ˺ܾãЩղ
Ҳ˵꯵ûųҶԼɽԵ֮뷨꯲Żˮ̽ԼһԵ֮ôΧ϶ȷһŻῪʼжҶçײײֱӰɽͷϣΧûŪ
Ҷһʱ⣬ȴϴ˵ɣ֪һơ
ˣҶżȻˣǾ˵°ɣ
˵ҶҲɫһ࣬ϣԸ꣡


028 
û˵ʲôֻ۶ֻһܾ֮ﲻԣĿһɨԳ־ȵı
ҶĿ꯵ľȣҲû̫ȥֻǰ︹˾䣺ûɣرɣ˰ɣ
ϧȻе㾪ȣǺܿͻָתͷʲôҲûһҶ̸Ҷţ֪Щ
Ҷһ㶣˵㲻Ҫ̸ôӦ˵Ŷԣ˵ʲôʲôʱˣ󣬻һ䣺ΪͻȻ˿ڷ磬ͬɽɳ˵ˣ˴ͥĽô
˻һֻŭһ޶ΪͥͥϽ£ԼϽµĵطȴ׼Ͻ֮˾סĵͥǰһȴһ겻һˣΪʲôҪ̫žŪ˸νЦ
Ҷף꯶ͥһشΪؽ绹أȻӵĲˬˡΪ۵һĪ꯵ıڱ߾פһر߽Ľ˵ʵƣ
꯵Щ뷨ֵܹ⣬οս˽⣬赲ڹ֮õѡսǾİԼҷΧ棬Լϼ̫ˡ
۵ָһ£ֱӷҪķߣͬڸ߶ԷҵĻ͸ϽɣһʱҲӦǶҪ죬Ҳֱȥôһ̡
⡭ѵͥбû֪ߣ
ҶҲôþ£ֻһЩսϷˣں仹ɣȥ̸ֻ̡
꯿ɲЩֻǼҶľȻܹԼҲ΢ȣûϵžȻҲЩĪҲǵϹսģ
ȻУֻͥûʲôȨˡЩشļһǰƥ˹ɽҶ޾ԶǷǰǻûһ·ͻᱻҷʱҲˡ
ǲͳս
ȻɽеսʲôսȥҲô£Ⱥܰˡ
һ˰ţɾͻռȲʲôġڷսطʹڱûȵ׼ô֪

Խ˵ɫԽѿǱȺͥԱ˸Ǻ˼ƺҪԼɽЩ⣿
˵ĻҪɽΪҲ꯲ӵĵһߣǵɽɾҪеֵסЩһ
⡭δ̫ɽ˰ɣ
ҶȻû˵ϵıٻй¶һ˼꯼״ֱӵҶҲǣǰƥ˹ɽԼõһΣʱǲǰģԹ㹻ʱȥʵ
ףԭ꯲ҪԼھƾһ֮Ҷȴһ˵ĺϵȻ꯻뷽跨ĸɽṩɽܹĳɳԱﵽԼԤڡ
֮ɽɲŻΪĵһؿҪ޵ĵˣ̤ƽɽ˵ʵָоôá
ڱ֣ɽɵķչٶȲ֪Ҫ٣ʲôϧҩĻƷеԽ
Ҫǣ꯵ķ֣һЩԼƷҩ̵ԼĵӡҲҪ̵̫࣬ܰЩ˴žͿԣȻǾͿƾԼ⼸żգȻ󼸰ҲܹγɽԼķˡ
ʵҶͷ۵ҲһϾһȫУû·ŶҲʲôҴˡֻнţУµĿܰ
֪ɷһ飿
£
Ҷ룬˳ǰ
ܺ棬Ӳʱ⣬ҲǰƵ飿ֻ꯳ĬƬ̣漴ǰǷֹһЩʿ߾ֹ֣һѰˣֻϣܹұţЧޣ
Ҷףԭһֱ飬ֻǰưһľٶһ꯵ĶҪࡣ
˵֪ͥǰΪҲᵱµĻôֱҪһɣͥһֻ۱һֻ
㵣ʲô
ЦЦҶҿģⷽؽû˸ƤҶź͹Σ
⻰ҲţֱӾͲûֱĿŵҪͥŸˡ
꯵ȷݿʱҲ»⵽۵ļɻ䡪һˣȻǰΪһЩ˺ܴ϶ôҲ˸˽⣬ԶǾԷĵģֻ꯲Ҳ޷׽
ͬʱ꯵ĻԵ֪ͥЩ񽫰֮ģ϶Ǳֵ֧̬ȵģҲԵЩĳ
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ȥֻһ̫׽ǣ⻹Ϊĳֻӽͷ˸ǺͬʱĳĵӾҲͷ˺ôһҶĶͥĳ̡
֮Ҳ벻˭ʲôŴ֮Ȼͥˣƽʱͥиʲô飬ͥĿ֮ġ
١ĳɣ
ڣӦòñ°λ൱ţһλͳ̣ܱȫš
ͬʱͥоԼõܹͥȻǿ֮ţιƲйؼ
ԽԽͷۣҶܾеҡ
Ҳû˵ֻȵҶ˺һŵʵҶĹڸˣ鲢ûô鷳
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Ǹ˵뷨ͬˣеΪȷģ
Ŷ
˵˵ȥʵܼ򵥣ϰˣ
ˣЩĳӵļһ㣬ԸѡȨԼС
ȷĳֵֻ̫ʵͥ˲Ҳ˺ð죬ѡһȽϰȵķʽôȻ֤ѡôȷҲɴƳ۵Ը񡪡ڵλľˣе㲻ǳ̫֦ڡ
ͥ˼ǧ꣬ͥҲԪˣѡһȽƽദʽֺƽ˵һõѡ
Ļɽĵ꯵İǲԳϵġｨɵɽһΪͥ޹أ
ͨЩҶľԽͷ󣬲ȥôɽҲ٣꯵İɽɿԸķչԼͼ֮ģԸš
ɽɷչҶûбҪӦͬʱҲһͥɽڴ˵ؽйķӦɱɽɣֻҪ꯲ͷ˭ҲɵĴűܵĵҰ
Щ󽫱꯸ɵˣҲȥꯣϾ˲ãѪԵϵأͬʱԿʱ꯵ȷͥıϣǧ½ȴʼͿƳǸʶģΪ˽Թ
ԣһؽǸʵۣ۶ĬȻĸ۵ɽοɽɵĴڶͥ˵ȷǺ£ЩҲƲһ㣬Ҳɽɽɴ˵صָֻţܰлĶ档
뷢չ͵ܺݵģԱ˺ݻԼҲùݣ
ҶѰ˼һֱ˾䣺ԤƣԼĪܺƽã
һ˻ҶӦˣһƣ󿪿ڵĿͥĹϵ㲻ʱڲͻΨһҪСĵľаƥ˹ɽǶƫɽһȺסļһٹһ꣬ͻǷˣ
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ҶĹ㣬һֻɽ˼ɵɽɵתܹͣʵ治˵ʱõĳֵģֻܾԼʦüˣҲǰƥ˹ɽϵжǿ
뵽ͻȻһһǰһ԰ƥ˹ɽ˽ǳôͺˣ
֪ǰƥ˹ɽϵ񣬾ж
룬漴ƥ˹ɽϵԼĪȱǿһ㣬ҪʤҲδ֪ԭǸųսİ˹ǰÿζҲű˵ϴսܻȥǵ˹һŭ֮£˰˹ս֮
Ŷ
ҶĶ԰ƥ˹˽ޣΨһõļҲ˹˹ŵȡ˹ȼˣд뻹ΪôһƬ֪ġ
Ҳ´ǽǵʱ򣬻˭漴һЦģȺҰļһܻϸǰͥɣȺ˸ǽսϷȺƥ˹ɽǿֹķϷ
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Ҷǰ˵ƥ˹ɽϳͶˣɾλ󼸺ʶڰƥ˹ɽϵ˵ޱİûķʱȥĳ̶ȿ֪
ˣƥ˹ɽϲһǴܣһǿ˴ܣȺһƺ÷սģҪͥҲԼΧС
һȺ̬
ҶľеͷۣԼɽɺܿҪһȺսϷļһ˶Ըͷۣǽ˸ԷʿˣҲѡ˱
Ҳʹǻ᲻ķɽܹܵôļһ﷢Ĺô
ڵɽ˵һͻɽɾͱƽˡ
һꡭ
ĿǰɽԼŷչҲǧ궼ûʲôҲûпܣɽеĵжܹǧأ
Ŀǰǲõģ书һֱڽһЩҩܺܿܳǲżֻҪż͵õ˻⡣
ϹԼȴûôֹۣɽˣڻǵԼȥǵżǱǰھݶɹĻ࣬ҲȫûʧܵĿܡ
ʱҲڣҶֿʼ˼µĳ룺ƺ֮ȴǷ֮ˣһйصĹǡñϷȸмֽ飬ҲܶλЩ
꯵Ǳ̨ǣҪҿ԰һЩ½ͷ۵⣬ɽڱȽ鷳ľɣ
ȻҶһ۾̾һԴɽɵɽͷ۵ľαסЩӵͷǹ⣡ϾɽĴ඼˼书ɽ磬ЩҲ֪жã
Ȼı仯Ҳù౶жЧ֪ܹ̽ɽĹ¶ʲôˮƽԼҲȷһĿǰĹãǲҲþǽ֮


029 
׳˳룬Ҷڸе⣬ͬ꯵Ľ飡
ʵҲûʲô鷳ģҶɽĶǷչĿǰһ굽ҵķչʱ䣬Ӧ㹻ɽɵʵˡ
ں֧֣ҩ֮Ҳճ̣ҪģҶϣܹĿǰɽ¶ʲôˮƽȴ˵ڽһʱҶĶһȫòһ
ȻҶѾ˾ϣǾͳɣ
ҲǸʹ֮ˣҶļȻѾӦôҲûҪɽ˷ʱ䣬ֱӽȥȫӪձ
ҶǼʶЩӶȥһյĹӪѾʰ˸һɶʲôľ˸׵ǸղŻУΧоӪկ
ֱȥǰָӵǹҶûԬ飬˵һŴ󲿱Ȼȥˡ
ҶĺһоУʱ꯽̤ǰУҶľվԱߣһվ꯵ϣǲÿԼУһ·ţ˳˵Щͥ顣
꯵ҲûʲôҶ֪Ķ˵ԭ꯵ıɽԶ˰֮ϣһӪ֮ϣͥľפ֮أԭ֮أҲΪڶߣȴΪ˴פ֮ΧߣͬʱҲ൱˾
ҶҲе㵰ۣطȻְôãͬʱҲûһʵĽӦݵ㣬Ҳ˵߾ȱ㹻սѹ꯻İŲ
ΪβںһµıӪ
꯿ЦӪô򵥵飬⴦Ҳǰõڣǿֱӽפȥһڣķ˵Ҫʱ䣡
פҲô׵飬ͬʱҲκһƬնЩ콫סµġ
ҶһҲô£ҪȻЩҸͷͰˣαػҪڵѰҺʵס
ЩͥЩԽԽ٣𵱳ͥǿ׳۷˺Զ
±Ҳʮ£Ȼ٣ǿǵⶫ޵ǺεȹҪĵ֮ʮȷе㲻
콫ǷˣཫҲд֮ͨٶҲԣʮǿҲ㹻Ӧˡ
棬޵ϱҪĶˣֻһıפϷϡ٣һ򶼲浹פһ֣ԼĪʿ䡪ȥ꯹ȻţƵġ
¿ж󷨡Լˣ
ȻѾͬ꯵Ľ飬ôҶЩҪ󲢲֣ɽɾȱ⼸˲ţҪȥĴ£Ѱҹûʲôˣ˭ɽɰҲûеģɼԼĵӽ̵Ų
ƺҲܲµҶĵ뷨Ѱ˼һεĵ»ǾʿȴûҶҪ֮ˣȵͥٰҶſ
ȻòͥٻмѵģЩӦûʲô⣡Ȼ˿϶رҶĵҪ߲ߡ
ҶҪʲôˮƽģ
Ҷ룬ֱӵֻҪŵķͺãҶĳҪѧϰЩգͨ˵ҪЩˣ
һ漴ΪɽɿǷʱʧһЩͽӣƫЩǸǼżյĵӣҪЩһµĵӡҶĲҪ߲εģΪɽɱЩգֻǿû˶Щºѧϰѧ·ӣ˰æ»
ãҶĸͲԺô죬ƻǿɽɵԼŬУһϵʺɽɵķԼ󷨡ڵҩҶĲΡ
õҩǴ޵ƾ赤ɣҶĵɽһѧϣҩֻǸܹƳһЩѰ˻ߵĵҩ൱ˣԼȻҩ붼롣
ͼȽϿأܹоһЩԼɽǿĸʵ󷨣ôɽɵʵһ̨ס
Ŀǰɽõ߽վֻǷ󷨣޷֮ʵޣüӵֱøĬһЩ
߽ܽûʲôӣ
һ·Ϻ˼룬ܿ͵꯴פ֮Ҷ̧һݺݵľһ£üһֻѰפֱ֮ͺ͸Ҫһ㣡
߿ޱƶ֮ϣһǳأǳǽʣԼѹҶķִһ˳ǾͲٷУǷ׷䵽ǳǳǰԼĪ׵·ϡ
ҲһȥȵƣҶһȵʵؾע⵽ΧˡʲƾṦµģһգҶľͷԼȻ͵һͣӦ٣϶ԼݵʮԲת⣬µʱͻԵǱࡣ
ַ´ֲͬʱĸǺԶĶҶתͷꯣҲԼ
Ҷףطкˣ
Ҷϸо£˫Ŀϸǳȥֳǽ޵ɢһֹЩųǳΧⷶΧڵ˶Ӱ죬޷С
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꯲𣬲ǱȴѾװ׸Ҷģ¶ˡ
ǰеƣҶɣЩǽǺ֮ʲôãڲףԭ󷨽еѹȥҴͺ˲ˣǽһܹӳֲЧ
ȻƽĶ޷ѹƵסʵǿ֮ˣһ˶յ񽫣ԸȻҲǿ񽫣þ໥ˡ
Ϊ˱ƾǿĸʵԱǽпֲɱˣﵽԱԽĿġ
ҲҪ޽ԭɣ
꯵˵ͷǣ˵ȷѣҪĶϧϣѰÿ޽һҪķޣҪ޽
Ǳ߾
꯵߾ҲһҪеѾۣûǸֻҪʵ޷ܣ
Ŷ
ԭԼͷϲԶһҪѹѰ˼飬Ȼ͵ƳһСȥҪҲһӦ
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Ȼ㲻ҳפҾһС֧Ѳӣ˾ͽЪϢЪϢ˵˰ɣ
ǰ꯲ôôһСӱޣһ񣬿ְˡɽڲӦ£ΣϵҲ󽵵ͣ꯲Żô
ɽɣҲһ£һͥտţܹ氲һЩɽҪٷչЩԱտҲܸȫЩ
һ·ǰУҶĵûעʲһ֮󣬶һֱԼȻҶֻ˵ͷûתûʹû£Ǿÿģעҵġ
һ·нУΪҶİסһƽԷסҶĶ棬˶һСԺУΪ˷
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һ࣬ҶĵνǶȴûǵżҪʳάɽҲǸʳ˼̻ҪԷڣοԼʱʱҲҪЩһЩڸ֮
Ҫ֮Уʳﶼȱ٣רŵĳʦƣʱ˶Ĳһһʯ֮ϣȻ󹧾˳ȥ˳ԺŶˡ
ιʲô񰡣국
Ҷĺһչ黹Ǹ˻ȥȻк¶Լ԰ɣҲ˼дǵģؿ
һ˵ǣ˿ûѶˣҶĲǾԼ֮ͬûҪôнοΧûԼҵӣҲҪܰһŵĳ˿ȴöվһᣬ㶵Ŀ˰ȴû¡
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Ŷ
ףҶͷʵΪΪҪԶܻȥҲʲôʱܹǱٹȵľ硣
Ҷǲǡÿ뷨ǡ˵˴£ֽѾҪյľ˰ɣʵνձͨʿɵķˮ룬żǵ֮ˣ
ֻҪ˵ɣôԶͳ˿п޵顣ҶĶ˶٣㶵ĿԼֵĵôʲô׵ĵط
ҶšѾʲôˣԭĲԼ˵ɺٹȲٹȣǺܺҶ񾿾Ǹʲô硣

ҶҲеͷۣΪʵԼҲãճ˵֮ϱɣӦ޵ɲܹƿռ䣬ɽʱΪһЩ⣬ǿƿռġ
˵ֲ϶ˣΪԼ˻ɽ磬ĵȷȷΪڵ澢һͨ˴ɽ硪Ŷˡ
Ӧǽӽɵľɣ
˰죬ֻܸһƲ⣬ҶΪԼûﵽΪΪ޷ƾʵƿռ䡣
Ҳȵ챦ǰŲڻܹܹ֮ͨɾ硣
֮ǰӦûֻǵһǵбȽĴڡᵥǺųпͻƵɾɾλҵ䵱ʦԼܵĿܴܺ
ʲ̸һҲɽУǾʲôĲûôӣʲôɡ̫ҽ֮߰Ķ
֮ϵǵȷһΣΪɣܹɾͽλҵɽҲǿԺεۼҲöͿġɽҲûɣһǴպ֮
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ûʲôʥ֮ģҲûʲô
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Ȼųս񣬵Ҳֻеǿߣûдﵽɾ硣
⻹һ㣬Ǿ粻ʵԬ飬ʵľѾﵽɣֻбȽģҶĵʵȴȽϹŹ֣ûﵽ֮ǿԱսȴѹɾԬ顣
˵ˣʵⶫνľܹжϳģ֪ߵͣôһ֪
ʱô˵ģҶҲΪȻЩҲһ˶֮ҶͻȻǰ뵽飬ϴʱƺеΣҵ㻰ĺܱŤ㿪ڵˣǸһҪ޸Ѿͷȥˣ
룬⻰һڣһӱøˣ


030 ̹Դ
ΣҶֻƨʯð⣬ôôܡڲĶʱͷѾ£˫ֲͣİǸľѡ
Ƕô棿
ģаĲǾѣǱʲô
ҶĵԴŸðһаͷڵ૵ǲһԸˣģȢ
ûнӻֻǿ򶫷һʧǵģҶֻԼһʮִ⡣
ȻòǾͲҪ˵ˣ˵ԵİɡҶ˰죬ȴû뵽Ӧ붫˵Щʲô
ʵ붫治ôϤҲżȻΪһЩ΢Ϥһ㣬Ҳֻһ㡣
ħ̣붫Ȼ̸ЩҲþƾôһöԼ֪һĴڡ
ٺٺûʲôˣҶĺܿնȥȴһŵɽĺɽһʮꡣ
ʮ﾿жôȫܹĳöˣŻԣڳɾסʮ꣬;ҪĴҹ䡣⻹ʩǰ£ǻɽУǳҶĿͷˡ
ҲŶʮӼûʲôرֵȥ̸飬ÿ𴲣Ȼ󷢴ȵϾ׼ʱ˯ֱǹŴլһլ
լȴԸÿÿһ뵽˴Ҷľ;еԲ
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룬ãȻҡҡͷ֪
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üͷšȻüȴɶˣǶӼˣ»ΪۣŮ˳ࣿȻʼģͬʱһ߷Ŷһ˵ʲôһҸ֮Ļ
ϧҶĲôȻһ˲Ҳֽ˿޸ƽĳ嶯
Ҳǽ߱ɣ
ķʼ޷һأʮ꣬һǺҲһûа취ɹ
޷ͦһʹ࣬޷뵽߱״̬У˵˾ǹʼ޷۵Ǹ̶ȣԶֻƵһܹ
Ҷһ˵Ҷ̾׹׻Ǿ⡣ǰãھУƾվ磬ǲܵġ
Žɾ޵ķſﵽǸ磬ȴΪʲжʧܡķڻܹϲñǵķ٣ͬʱҪֳһֹ壬ıʣĻҪĹ͸Ӵ
һ䣬ҪĹӴ˳Ǹ˵Ҳ֮󣬹Ի۵㹻ĳ̶ȣĿܾԪľ滯Ϊһٲü
Ҳ˵пһӶ޷۵Խе߱ĳ̶ȣȻϼʮĹۣѾöоˣϣ߱䡣
ҶĵĻع飬ǡý⣬ɽԪ֮ԣٶȴңɼĵ߱Ѿʼ֣Ŀǰľͦ߱ʹ࣬ǿǳһʹ࣬Ѱֻ룬ͻѰ˼֮ˡ
˶뷨ҶȥҲûʲô÷ӣͨϵķҲ԰ﶫһЩʹ࣬ͨΨһȽϿ׵ľһԼԼ˫ͫ
ҲЩ£
Ϊ黹û׼Ҳûֱӿ˵Լܰæö̫ΣʱԼƨﲻϣǲˣֻðοһ˵һɹ֮ġ
ͬʱҶĻɽ磬֪ж湦ҲǷأ
ǰʹ࣬ʵеԽܣҶÿһᵽûһŤҲΪеҲȫԸϰŹҶľѰ˼Щţˣﶫ
ˣǰ˵ʶȸôҲ˻а취һ׼Խһʲôɼҷأ
ҶıԲ϶ǳˣȴ϶ͷԣβˣĵ
һֱ˺ðΣŵҪ߱ɣ
ΪʲôҲûȥ˵ҶҲϸʣӦεľӣ˵䣺ԲˣԲˣ
˸־Ҳǿ˼ңһٷ϶ּһĲȴʱȻǶҶĶЩֶ֮ˣҶһӣȵõϼһżգֻǰϼһţһȱˡ
Ҳ˵ֻǵͷԲˣ˭Ҳ̧ͷȴţͻȻһ˫ӡ
Ҷһ̧ͷ˳ǿһƣϸָϱһ˫֣ȻǴŻ׵ĸ첲һ·ϣƼһžµӣͷ΢ķ˿סЩݣܹҶĿԷòƯе㲻񻰡
Ǻˣ
ҶĵûиеȣϾɽиԼҲǸ񣬱ǿ̫̫ܹ࣬꯵ĵҲ꯵ˣҲûֳʲô⣬Ҳغ¶Է
һԵĶȴԵûһϢǰ֮⣬оɢһеѹеͷĳ嶯ӡ
˼һڲˣȻһ̧֣ȴǳһŵľƱԹԸԼϺһڣŻشҶĵĻɽɵҶˣ
ҶĹʩ񣺡±ɽҶˣ
ҶģòʣȷǷԼϢԷȻҲ޾֮ɫԵ쳣ȣ˵ǸȻԴ͵ȷף±ǸǰԵȸˣ㻽ȸǣ
ȸǷ˵һ֧һ񣬲ȸһ˿ڱȽϡ٣Ҳôˣе峤֮ˣɵȸ֮Ǵһ֧ᡣȸͥͷλʵϲǸΣûʽҪϽ񡣾ûְȨÿȥʲô
ǰλȸѾ֮ͥĵΣǰһսһжνλøλȸʵҲ֤ڶȸѡȷλȸȹȸһͥеĵλͬʱȸΪʵȨְλһš
ǰҶĵǴһЩȸ飬ֻʱҲû̫⣬ֻȥͥпܼλϾȻü
ƳҶĵɻȸֱӻصЩ£Դ棬ո֣ϵ˵ʱѾձˣԴо
㣬ԴꯣλȸҪһְȨҲһֻⱲֶΪۣЩ۴ĳƺҲϲϤ˶š
㣬ȸ߻Ϊ壬߻
ҶһŮӣϢͻ֮Ҷ֣
Ҷĵ㶼ֳֺܹʲôϱ޷
ǡ붫̸۹Ƿ飬Ѱ˼λȸˣԼҲǺ¡
֪Ƴʲô
ָָҶҲϣλзӣöҪܾõŸʲôƽ
ȸƬ̣ͻȻɫӦôƺ

Ŷȸ˵ͷȻˣ
ǰҶ붫˵ʱᵽ⹦֣ȸҲϡ档ŹȴҶе㾪ˡ
ƺŹ
ȸһЦȻãŷǷһĹȸһҲˣȻֻŹȴǸãȴλεõŹ
ҶԴ󾪣ûϵȻ޷һĹѹ֮ôĸá
ȸȴûȥҶģֻǿŶ˵Źоű䣬һ죬ɳΪķˣǵһרŸһЩϰýǱ˵ĹǷһרʹĹ
⻰һҶĲǰԼˣǸϰģɲǸðҷȻоű䣬һֱΪ߱䣬ĪǴŶĿӻԶԶûеͷ
򶫷ɫҲǴ䣬ΪЩˮԵú˵ϣʱȻ͸¶һɫǱȸĻ˹Ǻ
֮ŹǸãǸģΪ˵Ĺ֮ᷢ£ʵ뼸ǧûĸ˻ȥŹ
ȸĻöɫףҶĶͷæʵ֮Σգ
Ҳãȸ˰죬ŶʵŹ󣬿ʲô״
˰Σűһ䣺ǰӡ
ҶΪ⻰һȸȻΪȣȴȸΪ⣬ֻǵȴûʲôֵģ֮أ
⻹֣
ҶĶȥˣԱ𶼱ˣǵʲôŽ״ܲ˱˲㣿
ȴȸٺٹЦȻҶĵҶǲãζģԲŻ㾪죬ˣôҲͲˣ
Ҷлɣ²ֺ档̧ͷһεȸԵ˵
ֻȸǹЦʲôһͬʱЦȴżκͲ˼ʵҶеͷԣ׾ʲôԵɲȸֶ
ɤӣȸʵ鲻˵ȻλҲйأҲϸ˵һ
ҶĵʲôףⰡϽ˵ô
Ȼһεɫȸġ
ֻȸ䣬ʧأ˼֣ʮһЩҪɽҪǡʱѾû˻ˣֻʣ·
⻰ôһеͷԣҶͻȻǷ˶ĺ壬ױǷ˷ˣʵ񣬷Ϊ۶Ϊơȸ˵˼˼˵һֻʣүǣûŮô
뵽˴Դ͵һĪǷǡ
ȸһҶĵı飬֪µ࣬εЦЦˣһ㾽һλƾԼͨ󴴳˷ɵΪľȷһ壬÷һԼɽ緱ȥ
ԣһ崴һſΪˣȴΪԵĹ
ȸЦŵ˵ͷûԶϰ˷ΪŮˣʵǺ鲢ûʲôֵþȵģҵû뵽˷ȻҲ仯
˵ۺ󣬼ӣӦûûȫΪŮԡշ֮߱ͻ᳹׳ΪŮˣȴȥĻ᲻Ϊˡ
ҶĺͶԣȴҲӦǺˡ


031 ȱ
˵Ů˻ԽܵĻôɷˣʵе㳬˵֪ˣֱ仯ƺе̫Īˣ˺ͷ˵ĲҲ̫һЩɣ
Ȼֻǲ²⣬ϾҲ壬ȥʲô仯˭Ҳãȸûȥ˵ı飬ԹԵĸԼһˮƣȻʹһзƣϵĲ˲ʧһС롣
Ҷĵǲȸĳ࣬ЩѾԹһЩԼĿڸ֮ʳƺֻһʼ˼ûôˣ˷ѵλȸԹⷴá
ο¸ŽǶǷҲ߱ΪĹԭԵɣȥҲȥˣȥĻǺ»ǻȫδ֪֮ΪһһȸڴҲҴƱ
鼸ǧûзҲ
ǡ˹ɷȥ
ھ˵ģһϰ϶ϲãֻ֮һֱͣǰͣ½Ųܡ˹˻ֻһߵڣһֱҲ߼ֲȥѡ˶ϡ
֮ˣһֱ˵ӽ۷ľ磬žҪ߱ˡ
˵߱䣬ܾǾʷΨһһ˹߱侳֮ˣνĵһ˲Ǿ磬ɽ磬ҲǵáϾǰ˹ûһˡ
ȥȸ֧ϣȻ΢΢̧ͷ״ҶҲҴţӰ쵽ȸ˼ȴƬ֮ȸֱӵ괴˹󣬲֪ö˷ܲѣһڴ˹޲˷ĪôܻȥǷϹ֮£
˵˵ȥͲŹηϵΪûĸ߿ǹ顣
ڷһ壬Ǳֲ˹˹ĶҪΪ˵ޣ
ˣʵҲûǹϹһ£ȸô˵澹ȻûɵͻȻһɣԼҲ˵ΪʲôȥΣյģ
Ҷȴöʱ룬ͷֻʧ䣬ԼδģҲЩпʼѰ˼ν⡣
ȴȸЦʵҲûʲô󰭣ʹ˷˹ű֮󣬱ɳɾλҵĪ˵ˣʱȫƾԼһ֮䣬˷ҲԱģ
ȸһ̯֣ƺʾԼұһȸкβͬô
ǶЩɻ䣬Ҳô£ֲʲôĶô֮Ϊ߹󡣷˱ҲԼĳΪ⣬ʲôɻ䣿
Щ˸ͲмڻֻͣԱòʾˣɽõΪֱܷ˻˵ֻԷٷˡ
ӵ˵㶫ȸͻȻʵȷףҹӦûꣿȻѾ㾳ˣ
ǰȸǷö˿ʱ´ԼĿȴе㲻ʣȸĻҲûлشֻһ¡
ȸҲЩһܸȤģһ˵һ緹Ļʣзǣȵг֮󣬼޸˰ɣ
ۡ

Ҷһھֱ˵ϣ⻹Ӧ죬ʱͷŤһԵĽǱһ仰ŵĵɴ˫ۣҲϲϣһ𾪵ģ
ȸһ޷ŵӡ
ôȸȻԼĻʲôףǷ˵Ȼ˴˹ҲǷһˣȸΪ˵һȢţﲻ𣿡
ԣֻһǵͨ죬ʱѩ׵Ķ쾱ҲȾһ㵭ۣĿⲻʱҶƳͷ˵Ҳ֪Ǳȸһŵ˻Ǿúߡ
ҶҲûע⵽ЩֻȻⷬһȸһͣ׹ǷǸһŵĹȸҲǷˣȢƺҲûʲôԾ
ֻܾôôŤϲ˵ﱾ˷һĹպ󾿾λ
˼ǶԺ᲻ʲôʶ˵ȸûʲôİ취뱣סǡ֪ù˺᲻̱ӡ
ȸֱˣǵͷȷλԺܻܲɷ˻δ֪֮ôŰɣԺ˷֮Դ£
ҶļȸƺҪȥֹԴ
ŶҶ£ǰҪΪ˿з֮ŮӣҲ˽ˣȻҲûµɣʱҶĺסȴ֪ΪˡϾҶţûʲô
Ƿֻǰ߱䡭
Ҳ˵ֻ̫࣬һ䣬ȸ˹ŶŶλǴ½ģô˵ǹ½ֻǰ߱Ŀھ
ĻҶȴˣֻýĿת򶫷ڶ˼ҲûмװưͲ̧ͷȻǰ߱Ŀھϰ֮Щ귢ֹھƺЩȱ˹ʱȫһδεļɱ
Щֻ޴˹ҲùھƺеȱֻŹ̫棬Ҳûн䲹ȫǰչ¼ǽ֮󣬿һδεļ磬ڼ䲢ûʲôֵó̵Ĺؿ
ֻһεĹǲǾͿԱһδεļˣҲЩΪĲȱϰ߲òͨ״̬Ȼûꣿ
ϧȸĻʮƲ⣺˹ǱȻģͬʱÿμĴҲǿ϶ϰһЩʹ࣬ҹȻ˵۷壬ȴƵӦеĳ̶ȣ״̬㹦㹻ĳ̶ȣǵ߱ƺҲѼֹȥ
ȸǰû̫۲춫ֻǲ˵۷ûϸʱϸһ̽飬ֶ״е㲻ԾȫϵӦе
в⣬ҶҲһͷˮȸֵ£Ȼϸĺ˵һ˵
ԭķÿһμʱ򶼻壬ǲȱ治˵Ԫĳ̶Ҳԣÿμʱһֻ㹻߽һЩı䣬ǣȴ޷ǿȽд
Ϊôһƺעȱϰ֮ÿνмʱ򶼻һαһοֲʹ࣬ȴǾЩܰˣÿμ֮ǿȵܵĸоһδεǿ
Ƕڵȴ幹ıˣҲȥˣǿûϣĻе߱ʱҲΪױʧܣһʡ
˵˴ҶĺͶĶͷ϶亹뵽ǸղҶ˳Ҫ˺ĹܶҪ棬޲ҡ
ǶѾ㾳磬ʲô취µ
ȸһ㶣ͻȻˣѵҶоûʲôôѡһλϰ˰
ȴǺ⣿
ȸҶĵȷɻԴҲʺţ룬ͻȻñɷ񿴿ɵĹŶֻҪŵĹͿˡ
Ҷһ㶣ȴûԥֱӽŵȫķһֳӽָȡ˳ⶫЮźܶ࣬ǷͽʱֱӽؼȥֻҶע⵽ԼȡؼʱȸĿԼǸɪ֮ͣһ£м־ȣȴû˵ʲôֻЦŽؼ˹ȥȻ󷭿ۡ
ǲȸ͵ѧɹȫķβߣɽ绹ûãҲԺɽɵŹǴ޼֮ģȫķֻܵˡ
ʱȸȥҲԵɽĹˮƽǺܸߣȸܱԼеⱾؼ˵ʲôɽɵؼҲˮƽĻǲΪŹˡ
ֻȸ֮вûʲô֮ɫһ֮ȴ˼ɻ˺üҳһȻĽؼҶġ
ʲżҶΪǿᣬɵĹ֣ԭǱ뵱Ȼˣ
Ҷһؼȸֱӽ˵˸ףҶⱾǹɵķɣУȴǲףȴûЧ
һ⣺źôڼķЩھ
ȸȴЦɽ֮УɵĹûдķרɣ书ҲдĲ֣Ͼ㹦޵ǿˣʩչҲˣǿγܵסǿɽĴ
Ҷһˣԭɽеɼҹ֮ԼڼΪͬʱҪԴﵽͬ޵Ч
һڼΪҲԽԽǿǿҲṩһȶռ䣬ҲӴӴͬʱ߼ﵽһƽ⡣
ҲŸڲص϶вͬйһǺʵģЩһǧ꣬һεȿֲԼͰԼűˡ
һǺʱ
ͷһðҶľԼɵˣǰǰ˼άȥ˼Լɽ硣
ɽʲôԣԪ
ھڹԼźЩ֣ΪԪϡ٣⵼޷ˣֻѡһŬС
ɽ粻ͬͬʱ䣬ԣԪȫԱ֤һͬһͬһͬʱɽ˿ܻΪڹǳֲĸֻ֣Ǿͨһĺ֡
ȷͬߣһھʮĹȫڹΪ
һɽʮ꣬ԪԱ֤ڹԼǿȶ൱ھʮ꾫޵Ļ
οɽԪֻô٣ҲֻҪٵʱ䣬߾ͿԴﵽ־磬Ҳ͸ɽ޵Ļˡ
Ԫԣĺôʿǣɸƽǿ
һٶƺ١
ҶȥͻȻ֮˶ټǧ꣬ôõʱۻʵȻֲĺܡ
Լ̫죬ʮΪȴ˴󲿷ʿǧֻ꣬ҲмۻĻǱȽϺˣͬʱɽɵĹƺǳ֮ֻǰǽǲִĿھ
Ե֮ȸȥһҶľûп¶ԷȻãֻҪԼڣԷԼһźʵھԼĹȸչûʲô飬Ƿ顣
οɽֲûⷽĹ鷳ľνЩھйںϡ


032 
ҶûϢãΪһҹ˼βȫɽɹȱ
ȸȷɽĿǰԿɽеҪֻǸȱ޲һĻɽ޷
ʵܺ⣬ٸȽӱϹͣĹȻȵһ֮ΪͿ¿ʼȻһʱ޿֮ƾɽԣյľ硣
Ŀǰ;޷ȹǸżȻɵʱûʲôνԼףʵÿΪɵʿڿɵʱֵĿ飬ֻͦȥǵɣһָഺ粻ȥ
Ȼûʲôɽ٣һؿʵϾ͵ͬڶɽ١ҶĵʵƵֻԼĺɣǼӶΪԻŶûгʲô顣
һֱûô顣᲻ˣΪڵɽпƾؿģҲôˡ
һҲһ֮ڰ˴ûһܹ˳żģϹͻ룬Ƕпܵŵſڡ
ܹѰȷķӣҲ´һԼҲпܹȥھȥɾ磬ôһ
֮⣬ĵĿǰʽô϶ǹԶʵΪɽĿǰķʽֲܴڣֻΪӲԱȽϿʣµ޲ڹΪΪء
ԪԣڹٶҪھݶҪֻ࣬õǺĶȻڹҲǿǵЧֻ˳ģǰûΪʱڹΪٿҲǿⷬ磬ǿԳסġ
ȴܿʹɽɳһڹǿĵӣһɾĹؿӻᾡ
˸ҶҲɲסˣֱһȻϸ˼Ž֮
˹֣Ӣ˵Ǻܺô
ɫȻзţǶҲӣԿ˹˵ǿȺܸߣ͸˵ˣǾǿȵһϵ
޷Ҷ㣬ŹȻȽƽ⣬ǸвأҶѰ˼ܲܽŹںҲһͬʱŹ
ǰ޷⣬޷ǾϵὫڵתΪԼʱԪޣȻʳһҲ޷̫Ԫڣͬˡ
ɽУĺ֮䶼Ԫ壬˵ֱֻ˸˵ķ
˹ЩΪŹѾ϶۷壬ǼɵڶĿֲãѾڶżˡ
£˹һֱѹԼΪѾȥһĻɽڵĴ󲿷תΪҲѹסĶٶȡ
ǲ֪ͬʱһɵһ֣˵һһγһѭ
ܳɹ޾кڶٲ⼸ӵʵǿֲ
ֻǲһ㣬ܿ˹ΪֹڴˣܽڶĸãҲûи߲Ĺȥͻơ
ԭеиöҶⷭԼٻɫؼȷʾڶǷⶥԺϰôúڶǿʲô˵еĻöĪָΪö̫ӵȷʾָƷɫû
ʱҶĻû̫ᣬ뵽һ֣ͷԼָϵָ˼ӡ
»׸Ůĳ֮ǲģŷд֮Ч˵⹦ǸйֻҪͰȥûʲôĵģҪ̵̵˵ʽˡ
ʥǹƼҰǹѾȥΪӱѡնìֺųƹŴսɱļһǹҲСضү˹ϵСӶȥ̾ͺˡ
𿴹ԭʹǹģǳìҲһİүȷʹìģһ˵ԹʹõҲǳì
Щ֦ĩڡ
ջҶĽɷһȺֱϵϣеĹͳɽͬʱҲǾǸձĹȫĿǰĹ
ͬʱҲɽĿǰĲ֣ɽҪɲ֣ҲΣһȺˣνǵͷ۵⡣
ǰҶĿǵľ򣬾ǽķ֮һҪ֪ǾҶйǿģҲܹơǬȷǿͬʱ滹и̬Ǭ޼ҪףҪǿĹһ㲢Ŀǰɽɵ
ͲεǬ壬Ҳڴ󲿷ֵӣҶҪȫɵĹ⣬ֻٲֵӣǿǬ
һ˵Ҷи߼Ĵ֮Ҳ΢һεиߵûȫɵĵ͵ι
Ψһһȫͨõģȴ󲿷ڹؼݵ⣬Ҷͷ˰ޣͷ챻ץѣûʲôõķӡ
һֱɫڵķ˶Ҷû뵽ʲôʵĽ
ûżϴΪ֮ϣıȽ磬Ծ緹Щʱ䣬ץÿÿ˼֮
ʵڲУֻѰҪһȽϴǳ֮ˣ
ʵҶҲʲôҲû뵽ʵķǽǬɾһҪͣȻЧҲҪһЩ뱾ɵķںϵһʹЩʱҲдЧ
ֻ˸ڸĽʹŰԵΪȫͨõĶһԿɽɵսﵽһǳ̬ĳ̶ȡ
һ£ƥ˹ɽĴɱʱɽɼٵһȻһɤӣɣϣ
ԣƫˣ
һȻʹǿľһͷȺУ˶ԷϵƣӶԷĵȺеĶǷ蹷ͻ֮ʱʱɱʲôģǶôˬ飿ͬʱҲԽЩƥ˹ҲɽԺֻҪɽڴһգ޷̤һ
Ǹʱ򣬾ۣͥҲöͿģ
ϧЩҲֻһԸ뷨˷һҹĹ⾰Ҳʼ޷뵽Ľķ
Ȳ޸ĺľܷ񱣳ԭֻǾ趨ȫûֵͷ
ͷۣҶĴðڷһԵëմЩˮĨһѡ
ͲҪȥϴմ˳һͷҲ±쳣ɾΪһǶϰʹȻˮ̼һ´ԣûҵĴһ¡
ֻûϵԼôһſͻȻ˶ҶţѾô
Ѿˣûţ
֨ѽһ죬⽫Ŵ˿һƼһѵҶģҶǡ
ȵĿ˿Ҷģ¶һЦݣŪӣ
ţ
Ա߱ǾӣҶתͷһƣԼµģôЦ˳ֻºҶεĵ˯ʵ
ֹסЦҹҶû˯ðɣ
ŶԼã
ҹҶŷзڶʱʱż̾ϢҶһҹû˯أ
Ҳû˯ҶãҲһҹû˯ôע⵽ԼߵĶ
ţߵھǰԼҶȻľᣬְҶҳһĳ
Լɡ
ûϵĶȴûͣ£һ˿İҶҶҲôӲֻñ죬ʵʵƾڲͬʱһַǳŤĴλС
ҶšǷ
ǹ򰡡ҶһŹһ¾׶Ϊʲôû˯ˡ
ȸȥ֮ǰķ£ҶҲûȥ꾡ֱӽ˶ȻȥϢˡ
ǹȻȸ˵Ĺûôʹ࣬µȴֲʺϼȥȵЩȽ˵ɣ
˶٣˶ݵļžҶľȥ̫ΣֻüڣʵɣҾǹ㲻Ҳգ
Ŷ
˶ֻûϵҶľȻȰҪˡ
ǹ򱾾ͲǸã֮߱ǰãʲô״ڰ˱䡢ھű䣬޷ܹɣʲôֵν
ҶҲǵԼȥȴֻεĵ⹦ʲô
չҵʵĹģ
ֻϧ仰Լ˵ҲûʲôȻнָɱҲ֤϶ܹٻʺ϶Ĺ
ãԼһȻָҲǰٷ֮ٻʺϵĹģһĿܻûкʵĹһؼ
ڳɾˣɴҲָ֪Ҳܵģһľڵġ
ЦЦԣֻҶڰοԼ˳ֽҶĵķ׵ͽľŻԭһˣ
Ҷע⵽ԼͷѾ룬һ˿ûɼжϸ¡
վҶھ͵лˣ´λҸ᣿
һڣ;ô˵ƺе㲻ǡԼ˼ʮ꣬˳˵ëַˣⶫɲڵ򳤴ˡ
öʲôҲû˵Ҳûʲô״ûŭֻǿһ֮ջԼĿ⣬ŷֳһεļž
Ե緹ȥɣ
뿪ӣûϵһͼһǰʩһҶźͶǰȥ
Ȼʲô飬ܱǿֵ̧һ·˾͸ʿ꯵ڡ
ʵ꯻ǰҲûʲô飬һԸ㣬Ȼ֪ͨҶһƳǧѾǰɽͬʱеĻһЩ󷨵ˣҪȰƳһЩ򵥵󷨲ȥɽɣҶŻصɽʱҲæˣֱӾͿҶȥɽ
ЩҶ֪꯿ʼĳŵˣȭһл֮˾Ͱ緹
ǶԼ취֮ˣȴҪٰ֮ͥѯʣҶżȻʶŵĴ޾β̸̸
̸ǱҸɵڵΪصأϹԼ˰ɣ
һӦƺеûףǺܿҶľͷӦ˭ãжû˷ɽˡͬʱɽڵҲֻԼɱأֻҪǼ˵ɽԲ˵֪
Ҳȷе̸
ֻҲԵ֪«ȻϲƾãȴҲȫˣ㱻ԼɱأֻҪ˵ףӦһĺԼȥŶԡ
ؼǣֲʽеĵӣͷӦòΪغԼƴ


033 
Ҫһ·˺þòſͥڵĵط˵޵ĵش
վڸ߸ϵƶˣҶͫǿԿϵоֻһֻϣҲмȡ
ǰѵüﵹڶ޵ĵش
Ҳͷ£ϧʲôƲֻ͸ϡЩ̣һЩΪСĺ
˺ܶô
ţֻƬ̣ѾˣӸǲ٣
ԹԵ˵һ·ϼûȸ֪ð˳ⶫ޵ĵνһأʲô֣ط֣ƽкΪʺϾססһ˶һЩ
ϴ˵ͨ˴ϵر˶УǶΪֵڡҲΪˣЩɼȴһɽŵģ
ȸĻҶĴһЩϵһ·ϵö޵˿ڻԶԶûдﵽ͵ĵزһƬ˿ںϡ٣Ƿоڹͻԭ
󲿷ֵ˶һɼˣҲԶԶûдﵽͣκһ󣬶ҵʺԼĵط׾ͿԵõһ˵ء
ͬʱһ·Ҳ˼ɵڣûµʱҶĿԳȥǼаݷһ
˵ĻԵ֪⼸ɽȻ㲻϶ĴڣҲһͬʱҲΪÿͣŰݷýȴһŸ
Ǵţڴ̷ϣɽȻνġ֮ڣǾ뻺ҲΪӽɽϷ򣬵ʱҶֻԶԶƼһɽƣȻǸɽǸȴ˿ȸɽ١
ɽһţҶһȺŮɵɣȴвǾŮɣʼŴ֮ʱӣްŮˡҲΪΪʲôԭ򣬺ļŮԽԽ࣬ɵŮѾ͸մʱȫ˹
ֱϵɻӾˡ
ȥײеĺɣҲ֪֮ǲǱͷŽΪֵģ
ҶİеĲ²ûкκȥ˵⻰ҪǴȥƴ̾͵úɽΪ⻰еɡ
ҲΪԵɣһ·Ȼ˼ɣӡھӡҶĺǰݷһĳ嶯
ʱȸһ˵һ䣺һĪˣҶǺ«ɴ޾мֽ飬ԺȥŲ򷨱ҩʱܹ΢ռˣ
Ŷ
ҶѾֻһƵĻˣǰҲ˵ҶȥŽ輸ó˲ţʱͲ²Īϵİٲݰһһ㣬ǿ취ҩΪɣ
ԣͿԿ϶ŵȷģֻǼɲͬŲרһţӵλˣǵҩͼͨͨ߱׵ʵ
ҶҪչɽ⼸գŴùϵҲʵݵѡ
ͬʱŵʵҲǲףҪɱϢ棬Ҳ˵Ǻ«ɴ޾ɽҲǼɽˣʵڣҲߣѰ˾㲻ı֣Ҳɵʵ
޾ĸҪΪͽȷ˸˵ķ񣬵ͰҪ͡ҶԵĻҲͷһǧôţƵĴڡ
ˣǺ«ɴǰ˵ʲô«߾Ź
ÿһ̸ͷҶܻʲô«߾ֻ޾һΣҲ֪⾿Ǹʲôͨ
ȻȸŻм˽⣬ҲԴʵһЩ飿
«߾ȸһͷˮǺ«ɽЩͨɣǰδ˵«ǰóͨȴǿػֻƾһζͿԺɽˣ
𣿡
ȸ˵ͷ漴һɫȸҲɽǲһʲô«߾ñȤ´μҪú
˵˴ȸתͷҶĵ˫ͫҶŵ˫۾ҶܹǾôҲһԳΪɽһûֻ֣Ҷƺ޵ҹμԦȴҶεõ
һӾͱƴ˵ϸҶҲΪ⣬οҶĿǰʱ޵Ļ챦ʵ㲻ϵŹȸûĿ͸ҶֻǿͿǫ䣬Ȼһ䣺⾻𲻹ãӦ˹ȥ
ȸȻ˵ʲôǱ飬ǲţϾҶڵķȻǿʢҲڲסֻҪЩֶε˶ܸоĵֻҲܷҶԼʲôԵãȴ˼ҵ˽£ϸˡ
꯵ϾĹ۸вôãҲ߽Ⱥˡû˭Ϊֻƥ˹ɽһȺɣ
һʼʱҲƹҶǲʲô̽һ󣬴ҶһԴ㲻ٶˡͥҲвٶ÷𷨵ģҶһҲࡣ
˵Ż֮䣬Ȼͥ⣬ǸʵľţˣҶվǰ̧ͷһֻż񷣬ԼվǰȻһԼǳСĸо
ջĿ⣬ҶҲǲʲô죬Ҳ˵ϲ˹󷨣ҪС֮Уöͥ༸־ηĿǰΪǲǾˡ
ǰУ޵Ĵˣ꯺΢΢һѯţȨʩȫΪ꯲ûбʾʲôϸ˵һһعͷָһҶġ
һָ˵תͷҶϿһۣ漴Ƭ̺ջĿ⣬Ȼ˵ʲôתȥˡ
һǺǰƺûÿ˼ȵ꯻һ˵ҶĲ׹ô¡
ͥҪͨŵڣ
ۣҶû뵽꯾ȻֱۣΪԼֻͥתһȦ̶֥С٣ɽɵ鴦˾꣬ѵҪɽĴBOSSлһ
Ȼ꯵ĻشҶʶԼȷˣҶĵȷҪͥȴܹۡ
Ҫȥۻꯣ۴һЩͬʱɽɵ۽һ£Ҿ˵Ҫɽɶ֣ĬɽɵĴڡ
Ҷģȥɽɵעᱨġ
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ЦЦԵ÷ǳУҶҲʶĳ
ҶĲ˵ȴ˭ûȻҶ깲˽⣬ҲֺţƣлıȽϺõһ
һЩ˵ξٹһҲȫĴ˵񻰣ȷŵĪǸֱ޵ľξٹˣ
תͷǺ󽫵ҴҶȥעᣬƬ̾ͻأ
Ǻ˵ͷҲû˵ֻһƣȻͲƼˡҲԸˣ˵ϵã
Ϊӣ˳ǴԸЦݵƺģĪţһһȵӣǡһһ飿
Լ䵹ǲ˸࣬Ϊʲôᷢչ˭ξٹò߱
ξٹ֮תͷҶһ֣һ룡ǰ·ҶĽֱͥһתֱǰߣתһƫͥתתֱƵҶͷ͡
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ЦЦǶҶĵⲢ⣬ͷҲûֻǼǰУǵطеƫƧҲŻҶ·ҶѰǵطڣȴҴײĳ嵽˱ȥͥеĳǿɾͲˣ
ҶΪʲôҪԸԼ·ôͥҲʲôò£վſڿŲ˵üְ򵼡ҵ֮⼸ûٸ·
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һתͷˣҶĵͬʱ˳ƿ¾ںĶ
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Īǵﻹ£ֵѾ˰ɣҲмˡ
Ҷһ㶣Ȼ֪ԼԵȴõˣ
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˵һƳ֮һЩ飬ᵽд˵̫ξٹĻʱЦѹͥҺ;ץţԭôһ˵
ξٹҲӦðѰһֻתֻǺĴ˵չ˻񣬾ö֮һѡУ˰񵥳ͥ񽫡
ͬʱΪ˵Ĵ˵رа˱ţλͲŲҶҲ˸еߡ
˵ŻĹһһȽƫƧԺ䣬ָҶĵͥʱ򣬱ûãǺطͰõƫƧһЩô죬ʵ󲿷ֶȦӣͥкܶطҴҶĪҪ⣡
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ҶŵҪǵԺ󱣲׼Ҫ˵أ
Ҷһһɫʲֻź˵ˣû߹ģһ·ת˹գÿͥԺһȥ࣬μǵס·
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Ҷһ˿嶫ЦЦȻȥ֮ǰſһӣ顮ɽɹ뾳ţ
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ҶãɽɲҪɱ飬ȫ˷뾳ҲȽˡ
˵ˣ˵ҶԼһʦʦûЩͽͽͨͨɽڻ͵뾳ģĿǰϴ˲С
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ҶĴӵһҳʼ󷭣ͼݲ޴©潫Լʲ˵һЩ¼
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˵һһСģ˼ҴҽȻӴ󿡶ֹ˼䣬ҶıȥԼϢͥԱҲ͵˵ʱʹСֶΡ
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ʿǵȨ
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ȻǹǿƣҲҸڣͥƻǰЭȻֱӿ򣬵ĿǰͥǱȽѺãƥ˹绹ϢһδսɵӰ컹ûгʧһʱҲû
أֻˣ
ͥгҶȻûӴɽͳνײ㣬ҲûĿļ֮ĳƤҲܹµһЩ
Լ붫˵һ飬ֻϧԼһһȭ޻ϣЩ鼸ûκȤĶֻǡŶһ¡
Ҫͥһʱ䣬ҲΪ˱ӣԲһͬأȥ·ҪԼˣ
ҶĻͷѾԶȴϡɼš
㻹ǵûȥ·ɣ
ǵˡҡҡͷȻܹסͥ·ߣΪôиͥһ·ϣȥԶƣûʲôμ·
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ŻѡҲɵҪҵйأΪ취ҩҪɴ򽻵Ϊ˷㣬ѡͨ˴ĵطɽš
ݴŵɽ粻ڴ˴Ű˹ȻΪ˱ͨ˾ɧԼɣ㾡ȫ֮һɽ˸ɽƮڿУ˸֮á
ΪԵɣҶĲûзŵ͸߶ȥɽѰŵڣѰ˸ŵķƲ֮ѰʱƯƶɽ壬ͬʱҲע⵽ɽһ澹Ȼһޱȵƽ̨ƽ̨ͣƺһʱʱй⻪ƽ̨߽䡣
רĴţ
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ץ˸ӣҶʵ֪ѰеǰӦôߣ
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źɣֱӸǴ޾ص飬Ҳ
ͬʱҲΪŻΪɽѡ񷨱ĵһѡֻ˼̬ȾͿԵ֪һǽ˿͵ϵ۵ľͷ
ҶֻվƬ̣Ա߾вԱߵһЩŵѯЩһ֪޲޲˵ʱ϶Цݣ˲ף᲻鷳ϸ˵
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ǵǰ·ҶһںһߴܣΧܲҼǵ̼ңлвٹűӵģȴҶĸΪ档
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˴һ˵һϻ֮⻰ת֮ϣҶţΪ£
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ҶҪ˵«һǺòϳȥֻܿЦĵһ䣺ͷûذ
˵ʵ«߾еȤģǾԲΪʦԼһ֮𣬷ϴλòǵøԼҸ
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ˣ޾˹ˣɽҲȥȻʵôڵڶ࣬ȱ˰ĻĪҪһЩӵ˲ţʲôˣ
Ƶҩ취ˣ
޾һͣû뵽ҶľȻҪˣĪ˲ţŸɶźǻţнȥĵ
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ԼҪһ˵޾ıŻָ¶Цݣظ֤ºð죡
һҶıȽˣ޾ˮһ̵ֻ̬ǣù׼ʲôĴЩ˲ţ

޾ЦҶܲΪŵܽȥİɣʵҶҪǧҲûйڴ֮ΪȱһЩˣ󡮼ָɳȥĵҪȡһЩӶõģ
Ҷһ֮Ѫ˼ġҵˣҷչĻͦãָרҵʻ㶼ˡ
Ҳǲܽܣиãܹ飬ͲɽеͨʲôĪǴ˵еľʯֶɽĪ˵ˣû
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һһһҶãɽ統УҲǷΪ׺֣˵ǰ࣬һͳν׼ӰȽСˣȻҲлͨģҪǽͭ֡
ܵ˵Ŵ޼Ҳϸ˵ֻǳĽ׷ʽˡ
ЩʿҪĽ׷ʽ˭ҪôʿҪȫϣͬʱҪһЩŻὫַߡ
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һɽҪķѴԼһٸָԭϣǳ۵ʱܻܿȡ١һǧЩԭϣʧܼʵԭ
ɼȱҲֹ󹺵ǰΪЩ˴ӵЩϣԼҲƲƷҲñĺá
ţǿչ׳ɵġͬҪŵĵȥԼɽһЩָһҪһԴġ
ЩԴǵҩҲĳЩѡǸָĲϣҪļֵҲЩӵж֮֡ȻԽߵҪĶԽء
һ˵Щ϶õԺʱãǵҩԺʹãǷһ鱻õӣǵԼⷨȡԼҪͬƷʷһõ׬ķʽ֤ǵֻԵĴгȡһСֶѡ
šôŪĺͼ乫˾Ƶأ
ҶҲžôչӵģĪֻܸ̾һ䣺ҪСνġˡǻۣ
˽ġ׷ʽҶͷ۵ɽһףʲôûУĪǽֻˣ
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֮ɽɵ֣ӢӵкǿĶϴ󲿷ֵе֮Ķȥ죬Ըɽɺһֶ죬ȻΪܹʹԼʹõĶĻôɽɲһȶĲƲԴ
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ҶԣֻǶüʦı̵סһʱֻҪɽ˴˴ѹأԺȻʱ򣡡
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뵽˴û˼ůıůŵȻϴһ֮󣬴뿪ԼСԺ
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ʦ棬˵ǸĹͷǸرףͷе㷢Ƶģ
ǸͷеƵİˣ
ǵӵÿ˹ǲסǼ˵ĸĸΪԵöôûףȻǵ⼸ˣȴ޷ֶϺţԻϸҶѯһתȥ
Ҷ룬ÿ˹һʱҲˣ㾶ֱ˷иԼ˺ˮû뵽ǵŲʱ򣬿˹ѾԺеˡ
ʦ
ţôô磿
ǺǣѾˣ
˹һֱڷܣڳɾУǸҲرҶϲȭ˹ⲨȭڸͬʱʼԼһЩѧڸ罵ʮơ
ʮƵԱ任Ϊߵѹ˵·ӣɫĳЩطȽԿ˹ҲʹʮƵļҪԽʮ˽ͨ͸˹ŬʮꡪĻԼʶ̬ϲ쵼µģǿ˹Բá
ҶľֱʯҲк˹ȺˮûпˣԺҪϰЩˣ
û£ѾЩϰˣ
лܿҶľͽתϣ˹Ǿж˽⣿
򣿡˹е㾪ȣԴ죬˼һת²µԼʦ뷨
Ҳçײ֮ˣϾֻԼĲ²ˣ˳ҶĵĻ˵֣ӢľɫмƵģɫνѷָ£Ҫ۰Ե̶ȣʤ֮
˵ɫϰ߻ҪһЩʵӶĻôĳЩ̶ԺԣֻƾͿӴ󲿷зˣ򵥵һлһеĲ򷨣Ҳ޷ʹ޷صơ
Ǿƣһÿ˹еĽϧѾɫֻԼѾǾˣƺϣ
ҶһڲˮȻ̽ʵʵѾﵽɫ۷壬Ȼ滹и߲εĺڶҲãڶһ޴ĸãǾǿĶڳӯȫʱ򣬻ԴԲӰ죬ҲһŪþͻɵӣ
˹Ҳ⣬ЩһѹƶһҶĴڸķÿղͣ϶ôӦǿᡣ
ֻҪԿԳ϶ˣôڶʹԵÿ񱩣Ҳ޷Դ̫˺
ҲҶһʼ뵽Ľ취鷳֮ںʱճȻҪҶһס˹Ĵԣһõ֣ûɺڶͰԼɵϡ
ڣ˷ӣþɫ鷳֮
֮󣬾ͻ᲻ͣĴϰߵ壬⡢дȻҲ֮һ
ڶԴԲӰ죬ԭǺڶڿ񱩣Գܲסɿ񱩵ĶȻͻСܹܵסأȻûˡ
뷨Ϊʦһ룬ǳɹʵܻʵķԾɽ˵ܹ㻹ǿ޼
Ҷ˵Щ֮ͽ˳ûϾֻΪʦһ룬ʲô޷ԤϣõĽȻɫܹȶסͬʱɾʲͣĵõȵһ֮ĶҲ˳ƽ״ﵽڶ׶ΣҺ޸ãҪǣΪᱻɫڣԺԻøǿʵ
ֻ̬΢һɫ߾еĳһ޷ɹ˵ɹ󷴶һϵһɣһֻǱһĿǰҲûʲô̫ĸı䣬˷һЩʱˣ
ľͻ޷棬ɣ˭Ҳκβ˶ԷĻ
˹ҲأܹϵԼԺǰ;Լòʸ꾡ô
ҶΪһЩеĵӣΪʦڣԲ·ҶҲıס˹ǿ˹һΪϡ
ҲصģɽڻвٵҩԽκãһ㲻þһҪɫѡ񹦷
ôҲ׷ԼʮĵӣҶľÿ˹ĴҪѧǬԼҲԴڸ
ǻ챦Լ֮˶޷Ļʵ뽫챦ȥˣϧŹȻҪ쾧
ҶԻ챦Խ˽⣬ҲһǾǻ챦÷ǵ쾧ԼԳ׵ĳ͸ŹҲƾԼŹĸ򣬽ھдĻԺɽȫͨдĿھȥʹ쾧
ֻЩҪܾ֮һĽĿǰɡ
ôо𣿡


038 Ԫ
˹ѡ񼸺ûʲôΪһʿȡĶûˣôʿŻʲô˼
ʵһֱҪߵĲΣҲڶ֮⣬ͬʱΪҲд̤ǿ˹ϣܹĴﵽڶΪ
޹ʲôֻǵҪߵĲΰˡ
ҶĸһᣬԳߵĲΣͬʱһδ˺ڶҲԳߵĲΣԼΪᱻסĻʲôܾɣ
ȻҶ˵˺ܶΣգǿ˹ϸһͷ֣ЩΣոͲΣգĽҲΪϣ˵㲻ʲô
ο飬ʱʱ̶̿ΣգǰͰп߻ħܻΪһܾͷһԼĻᡣ
ԸⳢ򣡡
Ҷ˹Ļشֻǵ˵ͷû˵ʲô˹ѡԤϵˣһ㶼ûие⡣
ôӽ쿪ʼɣȳ԰緹ȥ
ǣʦ
緹ʱûʲô˵ģһҶԼĵǱԺСԷ
ӵͽͽҶľúǿģһʱ˷¾ȻӶ˶˰Ͱ͵Ŀ¿꣬һӷ˵˱üʱʱſˮ
ʦ֡
ѩҶĻһ˷ܵĴÿһˣѩòڵһҶģŽع񣺡Ҷ¿أ
ŶԶԣҶĻȻɽȻڳɾʱ˶ԼҲ𾴣һЩϰȴ⣬֮Ҳ÷ǵõҶµһӣ˵ֱӿԾǡ

ҳԷɣ
Ҷļһڲ˷ŵУĽţĴٵ룬Ȼüˣֱɨһ飬˵緹ԵĲˣҶ߻ûڡ
ԽԽ˰
̾һѩԱҲ˱ĸо
뵱꣬ɽɾֻɽһ۵С˿ɽɵңҲ϶ͣһۺתͻ뿪ֱȥѰǿʢɡ
ɽɵǽԼҺפض˾֣ʱеķŭͱƴʱǵһѾǺþ֮ǰˡ
ѩۿɽδ޵еչ㾰ģԼʦҲֵȻɽɳɾܶⶼе㽹ͷöѩȴʼţֻҪʦڣôһⶼ⡣
һҶĵƣȻҶļһڲˣȳԷɣ㲻ԷǶϯ
ţ
ҶĽԼǰȹ⣬һţ˵Ժߣ
ǣʦ棡
˶Ҷĵͽһֱ⣬϶ԼЩҲֻΪʦָһҲڹϵİˡ
ӦҶ׼̵ֽˣһ˵ûͬĵӵԵúĽԼʲôʱԵҶԽ̵
գɢȥҶͿ˹ֱ˺ɽһƧڣǵҶϲſĵطǴʯɻڴ˴һжԼȥʱһûʲô仯
ֻʱվھʯ£续ȴȵƽݵؽҪ࣬Զǵɱȡ
пһҶתͷȺͿ˹ţѾ֪ˣҲͲ˵ˣֻǸ㣬Լ϶ʹţעƶĶ٣ѹסʹõҪ̫࣬Ҫѭ򽥽ʹмǲɹڼ꣡
˹˵ͷȻڵϣ˫ĿʼʹҶһƬ̣˹ϽɫԽԽŨڸס˿˹òüͷһ壬ߵڿ˹̨һ㡣
챦ľʩչ˹ڵĶѹȥҲȫѹƣһӵǽڣȴһСúˮܹƽһ˹ϵϡֻ˵ɫղôˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˳̶ȸոպãԱ֤˹ܹȴֲΪһӾͱ̫ǿʹþǣɫķ
ҲȫһЩ벻Ϊһϵҵĳͻʱʲô⣬ҲСĴۿס
˹ɫʹﵽ˽ڶĳ̶ȣֻһֱѹƣȻвܿƵˣ
ҶһֱǿƿأĻ˵ǲܿƵǿҲãܹӳһʿǿб׼
ΪɽɵĵǶעضƿأ˹ڷܣʼʱΪڴʹʵϿ֮⣬һֱעԼԶƿء
ȴû뵽ʱ򣬿˹ѹƲסԼĶˣɼĿǰʵ˶٣ҶĿʼҲ˶ã˹ͻᱻĽڶ
ΪҪʵͬʱڵĴҲͬҪĴϣЩ϶пܻᱻһգ塣
򵥵˵˹Ķܻһ̶ȵ½彫ǰǿϼΣ˹һģֱܿܽĻ϶ܻĴ룬ǿ˺ȫú̵ܶʱ佫صԭľ硣
Ȼ׾ٵĿڶûκεĸò˵˾ǵᣬŻеãҶȻܹ뵽һ㣬㣬ϣ˹ԼѡķʽͬʱҲܹһ۲˹
ӵȶҶĽĿת
ĽԵŮҲʮ£ھҲǸˣ˵ԼǶɽ磬ѾʼܹҪҪѰʵķҡ
ʵǲű֣ܹܵӾһѡ񣬿ϧΪⱲֵԭԲҴô⡪ֻܹܼҺҵıвҲ޷ܹܵӺףôֶֻܹ֮󡭡
ǲ֪ҲͰˣƫƫܹ֪ߣɲ̶ˮȣҸʲô֪˱ȽϺá
ȴҪΪͷˣѾɽ׷ѰɵһӲҲ޷οɽҲϼңסϼҵҲʲô˼еıŤУҶүүĶҲչˣѾɽס
ֻԼΪ̫ö֮ûнҲòģҺýҶĻ˼ҪָԼ书ˡ
Щӣҳȥתתɽɹϵһȱݣ⣬иӽҪæ
ʦԸӶհ죡
ţҶĵ˵ͷһָ棬Լ
ҲɻʲôȻֻһƬŵĶûУʦ涼£ôܲ
ֱ֮󣬾Ҷĵϼƽһɡ
հ죬ҶļϼʼתϺ͸֪Ѿʼйңңһ㣬Ҷĵһ˳̷Ѩͽڵľ֮С
ΪҪҲһҪǵԷֻҪԷſ䱸΢żףҲĵ
ſ۷εҲĪҪ£ǵ˳Ϊ֮ǿ棡
˹УҲ˵˻ֻǸоһůľ̷Ѩ룬Լķ֮תת󣬿ʼ˳ֱ£ڵתתȻԼϼȫ
ʱֻǸԼߣûʲô춯ʼԼϼʹԼЧ֮ҲͲȥˣһ
ǵת֮ǹͻȻһ䷽򣬴Լе˱ľУֻԼľ΢һۣЩͺ
ǡڴʱҶĵĪҪţйרϰ
ʹҿҶĵķԸһһϼȻӭӸʹ׼
صǣǹһЩ˼֮󣬾Ȼûʹдˣͬʱеľ඼ԼԶԶﵽ֫ĩˣЩʱûԷǵеĺǻɬ
ȵԲۣҶıüƺ˼ʲôҲҴţֻĵʱʱҶģ߿һԵĿ˹
˰죬ҶĲۣ޵üͷҲ˿˵ھһ
ҲҶľʲôֻùĵһǣȻҶĽھ󣬰Ҷ˵йʽϰ
ţ
ֻһͷھƺе㲻ڹϼмơھԼȽҪѨλҲγɶصֻǵɢС
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оԼÿʹھͻᷢԼɢһ˿һԾ¾ʹϼûָ
һں¾Ȼͬʱʹ׿ھص׿ھȻͻ
ϼֻԼľб׳ֻ׳پٲͬϼͬʱܻһ˿нھɢɢ뵽ĸȻҲѰ˰Ҳ벻Щȥˣȵ˼֮ԼҪƽٵĶ࣬뵱ھвࡣ
⡭
ôҶ΢Цſƺ
ǣΪʲôᷢҲΪԼʦ⺦뺦ֱһͺˣαô鷳
Ҷ֪벻ףɴͽʵǸոմһŷŷϱһķʹãþֻһ
ʲô
Ǻܺ棬⿴ֻڲʲôôķʲôõģΪλʦ֮ĴԼĪʲôϡ񹦣

ҶĵĻشӵͷԣ֮£Ҷֻýɽ֮дҪһ
˵ԭУ߼֮ǰֻ˵Ļôվľ˵ķˣ˻ûգ
ƺΪǿҶȡ˼ʯУǰĸҪ⼸ʯӣõķʽھȻʹھİ˲һǿȣԱ㽫飡
ɵĸ˵ǸҪô鷳ֻҪһ󡭡Ҷһգû˿̯ǼʯȻһƬͿˣ
ʲôôô
֪ǿΪλôǿأ
ΪҪΪˣǿȱôﵽһΡǲڿǵżʱп
ĿǰɵĹ޷ͨһ˴ﵽ׼׳ʱǸ磬ҲԿǵżϹʦǸ׼գôʧܵĿԡ
˵ѾȫˣҶĻǿ壬ΪɽܹΪ׵Ŀɵż
οǿˣſԸõķ书ûзطıɣ⽫ǾҪ£
ԭҶĻֻҪǵﵽɽձ׼ͨˣҪôãǳɴĽǬ˼ģŪ΢һĹԪ


039 
ԪţʵϲûҶ̫ľҲΪΪսϰ챦ĶԹҲԽԽ̣͸һЩʵġ
Ȼ̫ĹɿһЩƲ⡣
Ǭ幦൱߼з˵Ǭ޼֮󣬾㲻ǬʽǬ߾ҲƾǿѹħΪһǿĴڡ
ΪŲֵǬ壬ҲΪǿᣬû㹻ΪŶǲãɽڵӵǲ٣Ǭģûм
ҶϸĹ۲죬ҪǬ壬ҪеɵΪȻﵽ۷ʱͿǬˡ
ֻҪǬӽɣܹΪɡ޼ҶĲ޼ܷɾͽɣ㲻ӦҲ˶١
˵ǬһĹɽɵǲΪⵣģĿǰɽɵ书ṹպÿԳΪһǳ״ṹΨһ׵ľǵͶ˴巨ˡ
Ԫ˶
Ҷĵ룬ŹҪѰڹһϰǿڼҪĽǿϵʹǿᡣ
Ҫﵽɽʿı׼ҪǿϾɽɾǿԷģΪҩʲôıҪЩɽ࣬ͨʿ޼ôɽƾʲôɽ㣿
ҶıΪΪǿᣬִҲȽϰߣԤΪĵӣ˵սʽҲӽô͸ҪһǿΪˡ
ңΪɣҲ뱣һǿȣڵʿ粻пܾԵɡ
һʼѡһͽȷҪָΪȽϵͣŹԺҲܹƽķչ
ȻҲ̫ȷһ֮ҶĿʼŷڸԼļӣȻڴڸԼĵӣν̵ȥ
ŵҪô
ŷ֮ϵĸоǲԣΪɽȺõģ˶ʱڷԲ
Ϲ͡岻õģܹڳʱоȽԵֻ˼죬ǸоԼľͷǿ˲١
ʱѯʣҲԼʦὫ´幦ΪʲôŵӲſ״Ӳſ
ҶĵǴ󷽣ֱһ֣ŵҲԺԪΪɵŹֻҪܹϰȫķĵӣõڣ
ˣԪԽԽãϾŹǿڼ̵ʱ˲ʵİԵôʱĳ̽ΪЧء
Źʵϲرɽ幦Ǭ幦
⼸ȷûﵽԼҪ󣬿ֱܾӴǬˣûҪ̫һżĹ
ڻ᲻˽йҶҲģŹɽûʲôá
ȻԴЧҪȴɵŹǿȴǴԷЩɵĵӣһȫûõĶǵĹʹдЧ˵ЩЧѾ㹻ˣҪǿ̶ֳȡ
ڸ߲εʿУԪ̫Ͷˣͬʱ־רǿȣ߽ɱ·ߵʿƲŷҶһ㶼Źᱻ˵áȫɽɵӺͱŹԶķҲá
һµĵɽɵŵһʼôڹһһҵ˻У֮󣬾ͻϰȫķ
ǰ˵һҪһµʱ䣬ʺõĿһʲ߾û׼ˣܰһꡣ
ȫķЩŵһĹǰųΪĳŵӵͽܵôĹ´󹦣ʹһŹºʹڹһ㶼Ź
ɽ֮ǵһʱٴСҲʺõһˣôͿֱȫķԼԪ
Źͬʱ˭Ҳܵһֻһ֡ҶҲǹейڼֻ꣬ķΣϸһ룬ɴɽֵӵĿա
Ϊɽɵɴĩ󿼣еӶȥͬűȽһɽûзֻ书ʽ˵ڹΪûǿԸԶͱ˵ĳ̶ȣôǿ񽫻ΪʤĹؼء
ֻҪԴ뱻˱ŰģƶԪ
ȻųеˣСĵҶҲùܽˣԼʦŵĹ涨أĵӻʲôϢ
·Ѿ̺ˣ߲ǵ飬ûҪ̫ˣ
ϹʳԼǰһ޶ĵǺҶĺѵ˵ɵ٣һһӦŽ̵Ҳһֿɣ
Ϲ͵˵ͷʾˣʦֵһͬԪȥ
һΪƴḶ́ΪɽĿǰˣ󲿷ֵӶȫķ߲εĹҲ˵ԪҪһƫɽûôǿӡˢѡΨһÿȻȥ¼һݣȻԭʦֵܣԼ¼мӳ¼ݡ
ٴ͸ǣ´ֱ˶һؼ
ʦֵǶޱͬĿ⿴ʦ֣ʦܣʵ̫ˣȻôӣһؿɹ۵ˡ
ң͵ЦңҿûеӣҲҪ˹
ѾʼǬˣûʽֻ⹦Ǭ߾ʾȱȱ˵ǸԼʦ򽣾ºԸƱҪǴ˵еռн
񣿡
ңͦոȭǵģʦ
ǸһбָүүҶһȱȱģĿζ죡
ңǽɽȻǰүүʵôĿʼǲԼģûˣ߸ɴŪŮ󣿡Ըĸ
ĳΪʦҲҶĵûⷽɽկ̫ˣԼǿԸĸﴴµģ
ֲֻҪ˶һңȴԼԺ󴴳񣬿ֻܾʦģˣ˱˵Լʦ᲻ʾȻʰԼ
ȥֿڰٷ֮٣ңԼҲͲʲôˣרע򽣾ʮ꣬˿ûи
ЩԻǲ෹̸ʣڶӵҶĵԪ֮󣬷׷׻ȥ¼ȻΪһЩԭ򣬹õģڵӷ׷ױʾ԰æƵ˾䣺ʲôæ
ҪдôݣԼҪдʲôʱ򣿡
ʲôʱ˵ҪԼд
һ֣ǺγԣȻֱԭͻصԼԺˡ
˻һ֮󣬲׹ҪνԼһѵӵؼ⣬ĪǸɴཫؼڵӣȻԼȥ
ҲǸӣûеӣֻԼһݱգҲûоöۣҪȥʲôӡ
Ϲ͵˲ķΪȻתȴе¼ͽ͵ġ
˵һ󣬶ԹǺ棬һȥ֡ȵ˹ס޲ȻʧЦ
ֻ°ںһȻԼףؼǼִëʣĽĿھдֽϣһȥ絽ѧһʦڷܵѧǡЩѧӵƺ̫ˣǰ׷Բԡ

ıʦִôΪʲôͻȻЩš
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˼׷תӣ֮ɫ쾹Ȼһ˶Ҷһ˵ԼڼأŶ
Ϊǵʾɽ˺ҵļʱڣһʱ֮ɽСǧɽɾ𣡡⾳
ҶվԺУһ紵ƬƬҶǰɹ»ˣȻӰ
⡭
ѩҶԣҶĵڵӶոտʼԪԶæ⼸ʲô鶼ˣ
ʵҪ˵ɽû˻ҲǲܣɽϻŮأܹ黹Ҫµġ
ֻɽɾʮ귢չǹҶվĵطǡǱȽƧڣѰʲôҲԲŻԵ塣
Ŷ
ҶӦһҲû˵ʲôĳҲԴ˲⣬תԼҵԺ䣬Ѿˡ
ţ
ĪҪˣ֮λĳʹȥˣɽ֮ڼУָ١
ԿĳûʲôӦ֮ĻҪָʢڵӼǺˡ
Ǿͳ֣
˵ͷֱƺʵ꣬Ī˵ƺΪ֣ǳҲֻҶıϾһ֮𣬼ڽϵĳɾͱߵĶ࣬Ҫ壬Ӧ
ҶҲûȤƽ׸ԼҸҲǻڣ˵˼󣬾ֱӽ⣺ֵ壬кת
ûд𻰣ֻ־Լ̧ȻͣڰգôԼĪӣ˿Ҷľָ֪˲١
ֻӺͽ˻ȥɲУ
ʵ⡭
˰֣˵ˣҶ½һŴ巨ţŸڵĵӣڼϰھڹͬʱҲܴﵽһ൱ĸ߶ȣĻʵǿ⣬յʱɹҲû˵ɣ
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ҶͻȻ뷨дԣһ̫Ǵ󷨣Ƕôֵһ鰡˳㽫ֶˣֱӾͽˣ
Ǵ󷨵ȱڵҶкöַԽ޵̫仯֮Ϳ׾ٵĻɾϼ񹦣ҲһԽ鷳ȻԭϼûҶϼȷһ㡣
ϾǴ鷳֮ǸͻԼܿƣϼǿ׾ٵĲģͬʱҲл
ǴϼƺǲУ
ȻҶûǴ󷨵ؼȫз죬ΣʱͰǴ󷨵ļھʱģǴ󷨡
ԽԽòŹƺᱻɵ˹Ϊаɣ
Ŀģ˾׽жڶ˹Ϊɻ䣬ɽǸų⣿
˼佭ֻǶ㼸깦ʮ꣡ɽеʿǧȱȽǣҲһԼͰԼűˡ
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Ҷһ㶣ʶԼˣŶ˼һЩ飡
ԷʱͲҪ̫ˣȳ԰˷룡ְҶļ˸򣬻ҶϲÿγԼʱѩὫҶģһһԷ¿Ҷ
ҶЦЦ㽫鶪һԣǡԱ߿ң˵˸һ˶ס⡣
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ҶתͷһԭϵӳԹˣңﻹһûӽӼ˹ȥǵÿʳôһ䡣
ңͷ˿ӣŨڲͣĹѳֲס
תͷĿͣ˿ϣܾҲԼѲѣһʱ֮侹Ȼˡ
ιҲҪôôҶĿңһģ;úʲô鰡ҪôԾ𣿻Уڿﰡ국
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»ָ˹һԼסԺȥһ˵顣
ԭƾһ˿ħħϾŮ书ŮӣҲǸ覴õĴүǣ
ħһɣħʼռȶ·ת֮ϵĲԼڱ;߱ʹħܵӰ죬ħʼĴҴܣ߻ħǱȻ顣
ûеͶŹ޵óŰȶ
չ鲻ǳ֮ƣŹĳȻþԼҲûͷûԣԺͲô£ֻܱӦڵħŹĳԽԽ
ħĿ£յ仯ķš
ħҲڳĴѹԽǿƣŹѹƲס۳һ־ҪȥƫƫҶʱ֣ס
ֻǶħ⣬Ҳ޲ߣֻڱΨһħĻ¡
¾ħʮ꣬ħϤĲϤʱĻ²ħ߲Σͬʱʼħ书ת䣬𿴻³ʱҪǿɫ⣬ֻħѰʿҲӲ¼С
ħħڻȫ߶¼סɽЧͿԺԲˣ
ʲô취ûУ
תͷҶģʵ⻹Ҫ๫
ŶҶĲﻹԼʲô飿ʱˣ޲ߣħȻҲǵڹߵ·ȴԼĽȻͬ´;ͬ飬ߵ·ͬ˭Ū˵·ϻʲô⣬νģ
µ֮ɵħ̺˳ͻֻҪ⣬Ķý
˵ж֮Ҳ鷳ôʳ֮Ҷ漴Լ׳ˣŮȻСʱҪߵľǾѨⷽϣ˺Ůûʲô
ȻĳҪƾĹǾˣ
ֻҪܹܺõĿסԼжҲԱ֤ħУ˵ӻ֮ĳͻϡ
ûҪϹȥҶѧϰȻͷ˷ʵǰһƻ⣨һļƻ֮󣬶һǸľˡ
Ҷ뵽ķӾɢȻһĹ˻µĻҪҲѣֻҪƽˡ
ˣܹħɼԶĻȥŹ𵱸ɨСͯ
¶ҲƣҪ˵ԵҪɽܹ񻹺õ治жˣɽɻһЩԲ㣬ֻҪͰȥɾ͵书
ħ书ħ߱䡪Ѿԭˣܹϰ˹ҲǼˣһڼΪصĵӣƷʲôȲᣬò֮
ɼȱˣЩħʱҲǧѣɼ˹֮Ȼƾһȱؼһ˿ɴ˹ʿԳƵˡ
ɫĵӣΪλᱻɽɶһԣǺú׼ɽɾֻһҶˣɽٴ۷塣
ҶҲ벻⣬ĪϹһϹۣ˵⺢ż
ȥҲ԰Ϊ͵ŹġżŹ𶼼ɣϾŹڻʩˮ书ģ
Ҷͻɣʲôرԭ˽̵ֻ͵Źˣԭ벻ʲôԵɣʱȴ˹
˵˵ȥ⻹ϡ
ʵϣÿڶԼʧ⣬ˣҲƻԼڵƽ⡣
ͨȴͬǹеŮҲټ֮ӱĴ֮˳ͻ
ƽ˵
ҶевٹҪ˵ƽôЧõȻ̫񹦣Ȼ¾ԲҶĶ̫񹦣ֻѾ̫е仯֮ڻȥˡ
ʵҶĵȫӦֲֻ̫죬Աԭ֣οܻ̫һжУҲҪǿǿǿ
ֻҶĵ仯֮ҲҪҶĽƽ仯Ĳִڸ
ҶˣǾÿԵ̫ȥʱħ̫񹦣ʵҲ൱˵ģ
ڻͨɽɿɾֶһˣ
ʲô̫ħ
Ҷ΢Цŵ˵ͷֵǲи⣬ΪɶҪ̵Լľѧأ
̫ȻɽɹУֻǱе仯ںϽ˾ѧչҲһǿĹ֮ߵ۷Ĺ򣬵óҲǲĹ
ȴһܺõĴ𰸣СʣҪҪأ
ЩһֱҶԣСѾһʲô鶼ΪҶĶʱѵõҪԼˡ
ңкħôټ飬ڵЩС˵ûд̵ֽȤأ
ҶһԴߣܾ࣬ǳǵѡ첻ԣֻǵͷӦǲͣĸ͡
ʱŻ²ģҶͻȻǽĺӡҸ㣬ΪȴģǱȵҪҵδ


043 ͼֽҩ
ĬĬΪǸһϣ²Ҫ潫úõһ˵߸ڷϵѾȷĺӣҲܳɳΪһصӺˡ
šɽԺֻһαʿˡ
⼸ǿ϶ˣΪħﲻȫΪŮӶģٶľȻ֮ЧһʹЩ
ץץͷҶľе黹ǲҪ̫ĺã뻪һ󣬾ֱͻԼ䵱УҪһѰ˼һûкʸ˳ԼܹĹ
˰ҹڽѰ˺ʵĹǻڳɾʱٻģʱֻٻһΪʱԼ˶кʵĹʱҲҶֻΪ˲˷ٻĻʹһٻ
ǴٻõĹһֱ˽ָУԼҪԼлôһؼ
ʵⱾҲľ֪ȣؼһص㣬ԲŻҶĶһЩ
ͻȻ˿䣬Զ벻Լлôһؼ
Ȿؼܾ챦ǬͬһϵƷϵƷΪĹصǡ̫ſϰ
֮ƣҲмֻǳм̫ЩҶ˵㲻ʲô⣬ȻѾ˶ˣȻ˴򣡺Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ŹģֻΪǸ̫ҶĶ᲻ʲôȤûֱӾͶָˡ
ʱƣֻܾôУܾҲʲôɫǹ
ָܾ߲ҪĶ࣬Ȿؼԣһ˾ͻ߱һ֮ˡҶĵ⣬˵һ㣬ôǿǳɵżɾ͵λҵǼɣͿԳɾ֮塣
ҶĲʵΣҲŹɵʵ
ȻɽɲٹɵʵǰܹǸΣҶҲŹе۲οǸǵԼԲµԸȥܾ
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Ҳ֮˳Ϊģɽɵӣ˳ҲɽԼˣúҲǶɽ飬һҶľûʲô˽ıҪֱӽܾ¼һݣ׼ȵվͽ룬Ȼ뽫ܾ˳
ǲ뿴ŹüʣϾʵҲϼ񹦼ʮ꣬ͽŹԵ͸͸ģٵɽ֮أֻҪúýһȻͿԳǵ֮ˡ
ҪҶĴĹĿǰһ˼ϼˣûȥ
ʵ۵ĵǺܾ߱ԼģҶĲԼһϼ񹦿Խǹ̶ȣ
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ܹܵ⡭ҶѰ˼ȥҲǾɫˣȻҲȥٻһؼܹܣ治бҪΪܹȥһٻοĿǰٻԽѵˣҲýָα仯ʲôϲأ
뵽żѾһûʹָˣҲܷʹˣ
˵ķ䣬ѩƽǻزˣȥָһʱҲز
ԼѾ˵⣬ʱҲţٻ
뵽ҶĽ͵ָСʱԹݵĵӦ֣ҪʲôƣһߺȲһ߽ٻҲǿԵģֻɼɻ˴š
һ͹ȥҶϤʾһϲˣֿٻˣ
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תͷһҶ̾ϵĸʲôؼһ۵ֽš
ֽ۵뷽ֵĸоͺЩؼһ޶ҲûȥʱһƲԼȻ´ˡ
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ҶȻе㲻ˬ˷֮飬΢Ƭ֮侲Լɵ󲻹Ÿո齨ǵ˳ķûоףʵõ֣ӢҲǸţھ۫ͼҲ첻
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οɽɱֲǿԷģĲٶóȥʱܹȡĲõ֣
һͿԽѭˣһ죬һ߳ۻȡϣȻ߼Լ˴ͬʱų۵Ĳ֣
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ĿתͼֽϹڳɹʵļأҶķͼֽĽдһκŵĻϸձͼ죬ɹʿɴٷ֮٣
Ҷļ֮ϲɽɿԽв϶תΪһȡĲɽٴüͬ͵ķĻֱǱ
ֻҶע⵽仰ô״ɵģͼֽϺܶϸڶϸĽ˹涨Ͽ˺Լ˵ĳ̶ȣֻҪ΢һƫпܵʧܣôϿҪõȫǲܵ顣
˵ƷˣǸҲ޷㾫׼ͼֽǾʮװƵĻϵĿܰˡ
뵽ЩҶľ侲ϸԱһɽǴ׬ͷ취²ôϸ̣ϤķҲֻиŵӡXX϶ٵٷܾ׼˵ĳ̶ȣ˱취ʧҪԶԶӵͼɽɵġ
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ȥҶķԼô뽫ⶫóȻԼƳĿҲûţףҲøЩʦѧϰһЩķ취š
డ
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һҶʹ˺ٵһ˳ֵֽźСҶĳʱΪǼС߸ɴһЩżڹķ
ǵϸһʱ۾ֱӻˣΪһһԺΪλֺͳƬҩơ
ȥҩ
ҶĿ˿ԼϵָȻƱϵҩһѵָ󲻵ٻͼֽٻɵҩ
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û󼦵Ҳ֪ǲڹ㣬ҩеһζҩľȻǼһرԱĸµĵ
ȻһҩϽ죬ôζҩˣþһƽ˾߱УеУ׳
󼦵֣гȻһǳķʽζҩŪ˳
˵ʵⵤҩɽû̫ãǸ߼ŵĵʹõĵҩɽ綼ڶ϶ûԸҪĶŶУʲôɳʲôؼԼȥɣ
ˣҶȻ䷽ϾѾһЩɽ糣ʶܸɴĽ⸱ҩȨûⶫ
ֻ䱻ң֮󼦵ΪɽɵͲʽ֮һ


044 Ǻ
һ󼦵һƤ࣬·ǳ˷ܵıʾǼƤԹˣԺûⶫˣ
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Ҷĺ֣ӦһܱʹɣԺɽϿɾҪһֿԳԵʳˡ
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ңӦоǵҩʳ
Ȼĳĺң˵һ˵ǵңǾ䣺ǳԵĶû͸оǳʹ˷뷨
԰˷ҲɢȥԼˣ˳ȥʼһĽ鹤Ȼ֮ͻָ˳ܾ
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һʱҲ̵ĺã󼦵ȷã˳ڽܾţҪԼܹߵһˣⷽ棬Ҳﲻ̫࣬һӦһ׽֮˼߻ħ
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ܼҰսľܹܼĶķķ־ǿᣬҲǲףսʹǿᡣǶϰߵмҪ͵һƣ붫ҵм֮
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˵ˣһΪĵûй̶޵ģܷӳʵʹԶԡ
ǰʽʩչʱһǸ߹Ҿ֮ϵ£ǼԼʵһ塣
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Ϊո˲ٵˣĶһѣֻûʲôʹãֻһɽկǧӣ˺ʵʹˡ
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ҲΪɣڿ˹ȷԽͬʱɣΪһ֮ǰǲҲôġ
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ŶˣͻȻĵ˾䣺ˣ˵Ǹܹʲô٣ǶĹ٣
ңЩҲһͷˮҲܹڳ͢ǸʲôֻܽĿתһԵҶġ
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ʲôְλŪЩƴʲô
ҶѰ˼£˸µĶԱȣ൱˾
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Ԫ˧Żͦ˵ģʱٲСô۵ͷˣҲйأھ첿ŹЩȻһЩ
ңŲںԪ˧ǻʵۣ㶼ԼˣʲôǣôҪǲǵˣǵ˵ĻֱӾһ£ʲôݣ
ֹۿһָܹϵ飬Ҷ뿪ֿʼÿյĴתһȴûǰй䣬ת˺ɽ
ɽȻʮ귢չԽԽ࣬ȺķΧҲԽԽ㣬ΪƵԭɽȴɱԭģûнḲǵƬط
ȻɽԭķչͷܺܿͻὫԺ¹滮ҽһɽǨˣΪҶĵĹԼ£ЩѾҪˡɽɻϲٴյˣԺܾǼʳڵ˲ŻɽҲʮ߼궼Ӳ˼ˣɽɻطأ㹻ٰżס£ȻҪٶʲô󹤳̡
ҶǱȽģıɽԭò⣬Ͼɵͷ
ǽɽĽĺ̫ձƵءǰˣȴ˼
ҶѵһҶվѾȫ˻еɽ֮ϣЦӭ
ɽǰУȻһǰֱ嵽ͥ棬ҶĴһӣɽȻ˾޴Ļеˣͬʱ˫۵Ĳһž޴ڣһѤõĹ⻪֮ʲôˡ
ѹҶĺôε飬ĪԼѰ˼춫Ѱ˼ħˣĵײͬʱҲúЦȴһ㶼ûоҪķǶôá
Ȳ˵ͥ᲻һ֮Ƭ߲棬ôһºȥɽҲɽˣϽŷɴȥɣȻһֲĴ˵˴̡Լ
˼Ƭ̣ҶƼԼֻӷյй䣬ǲСβ͸߸ߵţͬʱԲСԴҲǰϸߡСͷʼղһСèģйأʲôͷϰߡ
ӷƣ
һСèתͷҶģ̧ǰצ˻ӲһǴк

ȻҶѾֻһεĿ棬ܾúǱŤ
ͷȥˣ
СèԼģûûµǰצңңһָȻ֡أһǻش
˳żӷָķҶĿ˹ȥСèָĺȻǰЩӸŵɽ
ǴʱСɽѾǰЩʱյģɽԭвֲﻨݵģɴʱѾˡ
Сɽ渲һİѩͬʱɢű˵ĺСɽƱһѩ룬ļΪĸʯ̨Ҳѻһѩ
Ҷļ״Ȼû뵽Ȼô󶯾ȻСɽֻһСɽСģ൱ƽԭشҲûס˲ǣСɽһĶȼСû뵽ȻСɽĻ仯ôס
ʱɽв죬ǵȴźһ㡣˵ŻҪĿẮ֮أֵطʺȻ㾰Ҷ˺ܾõĳɾǶĻû̫Ļ
һطȴһԵúǿ֡
ͷĪҶĵһɽİܣΪȻ̫ůĻȫ޷ӦﶼһſɼȱҲȵܣ񿴵ѩȴֵʲôƵأأѩŻʱʱѩдʲôģ˿ûоܵϰ
һ
ҶĶͷ޽ڲ֪İܺܹıСɽȴкܴȤ
㾰Īɹˣ˵ӽɹˣ
ôĶʲôҲûĵҶĻݺݵıһȴûиᣬڲ²ʱСɽϵĺȻһһ˲Ҷһʱ䶼סͣƬ̵ĴǸɽ͵ıһɸĺСɽϴѩһؾ˶죬ŵľҶʶɹˣ
ֻһӰСɽԾ𣬴һƬӨ͸ıӳɢҫ۹âڿһתۣƮƮҶƮ
գ۵ĹһӰԿл£һγҶĵǰ
Ҷ̧ͷȥɻǸͷǵ֡Լ԰ѩķ˿ʾûпɵż
ѾȴֲǸոɽˣʱȻǲϵȴԼתžӨĹ⻪ȥһ龧Ө͸ıһ
ֻһ㣬ͿԵ֪ɹˣҵ˴ķţһĽˣڵҪǰЩǿĶ࣬һǿĹҲȫ߶صܲס
ϲˣ
ҶļܹһŹҲϾҶĲͬҶǬΪҪֻǴֳɵĹнɾ޸ġԼǿ˸ģǼ򻯡
ȴƾմһµĹھҪܹҶЩҪͬʱҪĹԣһɾΪˣ
ʵչظҶĶʲô֣ûϵôͳɹˣż°ɣ
ôô
ȴҡҡͷʵҲ䷢ֵģŵıǺдķֻǲֿھǰĳˣҲǽЩĶּ˻ˣ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽лʣ²˼ֻ֣ϵɾѧҲʡ
Ҳû˼ֻǼ򵥵ĵҲж֮λ󣬴ӱŵھе֪ģھбʾʵǺһױǺھַֻŹ̫ѣܿŶ޷Ծ֮רǺˣ
ǱǺ弴Ҳʲô֮Ź;ʹʧҲǽҴӴھѰһЩĿھЩӲǽЩĿھˣ
˵ȻɣҶĻΪֻһɢĿھҲܽɣȫ׿ھǲѾɵˣ
˴֮ȴˣǱǺĪǺͷһɼҹ书еģ


045 ̽
Ȼ˵ݶҲϹķʱʲôĶڵ϶ţԲųʲô˽ھݶûȡߵĿܡ
ֻǱǺôͻ˵ĹȥŹ˺֮⣬Ҳûʲô֮Ƿô£ǲǷһרù
Ҷһ󣬵ҲûΪƺѰ𰸣ٸʵ׻顣
硭
ɽл᲻оͨǺˣ
ıǺȻڵҶĿ㲻ʲôǸż˵֮󣬱Ǻ᲻Ӧأ˵ǺʵҲкֻ֣Ƕʧ˶ѣǱǺһ
ϾھݶΪԪƣǱǺ𵽵òǺͱɽɵǰˣ׼ǺĹΪþһ
֣
ţ
ùǺм㣿˼㣿
ɲҶ룬ֻǺĿһۺھͰѱǺ˵һ㣬ڵҶʶʱĳѾǱǺ˵۷ˣ
ô꣬ûиһͻôҶһֻ㣬ԽԼƲ⿿ףϾĹĸֻģ߲˲㲻Ӷ࣬ʮʮҲ٣ϱ̬ģֱӸϰٲĹȥɣ
ֻһ㣬ǴʱƺҲʶʲôɫϾҶôһ˵ĳЩӻһָо⹦ƺͻƵļ󡣵ָоĺͷʱΪҪյĸоأ
⼸ֻоƺҪͻƣûע⵽ԼֻΪǱͻƲָо
ôһ˵ҶİһȻˣͬʱʲôƺҲɽɵģǳ˵Լ޷ΪܲסǿֲȾĪǳҲһ׳֮⣬߼޲ſԣ
һ룬ܻô£ҲΪǳ𾢸ӰԵԲǴķͻᷢ
ϣôһֶһ𹦣
ԽԽЩ֣ƺ붦һЩԲϺţ
ǰ˵𹦺ͱǺһŹֿ׹ǴĹܲҲǲֳİɣ
Լת˳ûʲôԾֻǵ㵹ҶŲ֪ˣǴ巨ޱǱ˵ľֻƾ躮߻𾢶ɡΪĳԺɣԲŻΪǺ壡
Ŷԭˣ
Ϊ⹦ʳŹͨһ״巨ĻԽǿ𹦲ɵĿܣ
пˣܾԼЩʱƲ˵ʲôĪǾΪǺ𹦰ģԹЩȱȫԼ޷վ磿
ʵû´𹦱һĹɽɵǰܹŹԾͽֳס
ȻڵʱԼ𿪵׹ˣȴʵʵڵĴڡʱûʲôӰ죬ԽȱݾԽԣȵ˭ܹһŹһ磬ͻ޷һƿ
ʼ޷ﵽգ˶Ԫ⣬Ϊƿ⼸ʮĽ˵΢һֹ¾ͿʱҲýѵľˣʼղôһ
𹦣ʵɵʱ򣬾ͻɵĿǵɵżȻǰǱǴ巨ΪûǷߵҲܲסͬһ֮ڡ
ĿԳɵĹɽɵĳ˸䡣
ȻҲܹǣʵޣ¾ǲ֮ĹҲһӶܹɣҪɡڶ磬˿ӵ굽Ҳ롣
ҪôѰʲôŵرɽȪǸϧɽô˭û֣͵͸ˡ
ʲôħǿһЩвɵĹֻͽ𹦵ͰˣҪҲԶԶ𹦡
ǿԻھľĸҲʲôáҶľͿƾ콫仯⡣๦ߣҲƾǿΪ⡣
˵Ǿһ۸ߵ⣬ܹɵѹԼĶ֣ͬߵĵ˵ʱ򣬸ûʲôá
ǿ͸ûȥʲôħֻһľޱǺԼǳ𹦿ǲˣΪֲϵȱ̵ʱó𹦵Ϊ׷ϱǺĳ̶ȣȻҪŬֹںϡ
Ŀ꣬ʱӿӰյĶԼСɽʱбǺ廤ǳ𹦵ĻҲ˲Ϊνһǧ
˳Ҳʼû𾢴ﵽһƽȻڵںϡ
ϧӿͷܣֺǺǵѩȴĳ˯һΧȻһƬȣ洦ɼİѩͻȻӰϳ˸ѣأðſֲ
ͬ־һ˯б죬޽СɽȻһԾصɽ棬ԼǼֻأᡣ
Сèӷһ͵Ц
ҶĹƣȻ˳ְһ¾ûȥˣͷܴĺܣˣϢָܻˡֻûע⵽ܸɽԺƺԽԽԽĳˣҲǲǼӷ͵͵ԼʳĵҩܳԹˡ
˳ȥǾȣŹڹҪȵ껹Ҫɣյľڹһʱʱ߶һȭʲôġ
ȭͨȭҲһƣ⻹ɽ˶书Ҳû˻⣬æĵֻǿ˼۾͸ɢȥˡ
Ҷ˼ۣȴɵķ֣ŹȻ˼Ϊľ磬ֻƾʹӣͿ֪ɽ£ֻƹĻ˭ŹĶ֣ҶԳ֣ҲƷϱȵĹŹ
ͬʱɽȭ̫泤ȭҲŹʹüƽĹȴƽҶĹɽЩŵӣ˭ӲסŹһȭֻЩ൱ھ
ţ
һȭ꣬Źע⵽ҶľվԱߣƺѾһˣԼȻûзҶĵĵǲ֣ΪԼĹҶıر𣬸ûʲôԱȵء
ҪɸĹ£ҵȥ̵̵ȺСӣҶ⻰˵˵ֻŹ׹裬ҪλȥЩ򵱳û֪֮ϸΡ
ƣƽ糣ȻѾ˼ӣԵûʲôͷһת̵ЩҲûʲô飬տʼȥ䳡úý̵̽ǣմҲǸ飡
ЩʱҲʲô˴Ӷгοɽϣ˸оʱһҲˣ
ǣ
ŹҲƴǣⶼŷԸ飬Լʵʵհˣ
Ҷƣ˾䣺ˣأ
ŹҶ¶ЦݣǰЩӽ£Żȥˣ
Ŷ
Ҷȴе棬û»ν̵ӾгͿʼĴѰһ£û´ȥһСȥˣǾֱ˹ȥ
һҶֱӾɵסˣ
ֻУվű۰Ķ񣬶һ裡
߲ѡǷƮÿһửһǳĹ켣ͬʱûаɱ
⡭
ߵԣҶգգۣϸĿĶȷϰĵĵȷȷͨ赸ǴǿɱԼȻħ裨ħе书
ֻͨ赸ɣ
ûµǲʲô֣ƵҶġ
ָָ񣺡˵̵书ô
Щֻǻˣħޱȣû㹻ĻϰˣҲӲȫƺҶĲףӣһ书Ҫӻȭſʼ赸Ҳһ
ҶľԼͷ亹£Ѱʽͺˣǵýħ裿˵ŻһĿԼԼҲܲĴˡ
κ³ľߵͷʦ¿˾ʦʦԸӵԲհ죿ֻΪԼʦҶܹ顣
ϧҶĵһʱڿ죬ͽˣν̵Ƕǻµ飬ֲҶ죬ֻܱʾĪܸɴŤͷֻԼûƼ

µû˿ıܻ䣬ԼͽܵͰ˵˳ҶĸҶԵƷģղһ˲ĿϳһƬߡ
Ц˼ҶֱӴ룬ȻΪʾӵı˺ֱˡ
صԼסԺѩֱչˡԴǰձչغѩֻһΣʦõʱ˵ĽûдﵽԤڣϢһº⼸ҶҲûм
ʦñչأæŽ̵ӣλӶæԪʣˣ
תһȦֳԺӣԶ͵ԺﴫĹЦҶʶµﻹһ
ߵԺǰҪȥѰͼվԺкͻ˵ʲôʱʱһЦȻɫһΡ
Ҷ̾ڵϷԼţ溰һɤӣͿֱ֣֮Ͳ׼ٽȥˡ
ʦʲô£ؽʲôֺǺǵľ˹
ɽߣ
ɽգգۣҶҪȥĪҪţɽڵƺʺ뿪ɣ
ҲԶĴתתΧ˳㿴ʲôֵôĶûУ
ףԭʦҪԼȥ̽̽ɽΧҲ£ϾɽԺ󼸰ټǧ궼ҪڴˣΧôУ
׼ƬɽлʲôеͬеĻҪȥݻһ
Ҷ˵ɽвЩŴɣҲҸطͿʼɢޣһЩȽƫƧɽлޣЩɽ綼ʲôϡģеɢ޻޻ǿ󣬾ǴŴҲԸȥ
ɽɻֻǸոտʼչСһһƬǿڣûĺãԷǸƢõģΪֱģύһҲǺ£ǸڣþЩ취
ܱȶԷǿһȨ
Ժһ·ҶĽԼ뷨˵˸ţҲͷӦǣͬʱҲҶĺԼҲٲ˽иֵԵɣ
ϾҶĵΪҲǵɣϸģԼҲһܹ£ͣ˵ġʲôʱ򻹶ͨ籨ŵģ
Ӧòôùɣ
СһЩǺõģ
ǰֱͥ˴ţȻż𽣹󽣹һתһֱۣȥ


046 
ɽڵһصĵط˵ʵֵҶ˵ɽڵĵطҲһء
мһأΧһȦɽ뻷ţһѹ֮أҲһԴ
ɽͲôˣЩԷȥʿ˵ɽٸҲʲôãֻ赲Щ˵Ļ൱ѡɽѡطԱ֤ɽɵĵǲܵ˵ɧš
⣬Ҳذ㲩ط˵ؿЩˣ˵ɽЩʡ
֮طҶҪĻ̵ܺܶʱطһȦ
棬һֱĸɽѩҶֻһ󣬾;ܲʲôˣͬʱɽƶͣѰҲϲɽ
ϸϸһ鿴֮󣬷һƬɽǶɽһ涸ͣһҲˣָоͺɽıһǽһͨɽڵء
˵ֻӦûʲô˻סҶµʿϾס˵ʲôڴʹͫϸϸĴ
˫ͫվãʹҲԽĵӦڲõʱǿѰ˵˫Ҳûʲô̫ȻϸȥĻɻ߲ᷢ⻪תҲû˭ϸ۲ͫ׵İɣ
ͬʱҶĻûо׵ľħѪϰ˫ͫĲݣŵǱħ׾֮˫ͫͻ᳹׵ΪãôþôãͨҲҶĵʵٴһ̨ס
ʱҲܹ˳ǰżɾ統аɣ
ǵʲôҲû̫尡ԬΪɾʹ򲻹ң
ҶĶԴ˻Щģͺһֻͨߵ˽쭳ʱӮרҵһ˭һ
ʦô
һ԰ﲻʲôæֻǿҶĵ˫۷ųһ⻪Ȼһ֮Լ۾ԭ̽յƿ̽ʲô
ҶҡҡͷûУûʿѰ㣡ָ˼ĵطʲôŵرȴҲõˣ
ãԼʦֲ˵ģұģɲǰҶ꯵Ĵб̼һѣԼſھͳĺöϵãʵ̫һЩ
Ҳ׼ʲôرĿϾ취ҲҪϺõĽʯ֮ģ
۫ͼϾᵽ˺öֽȻҲ˵һҪռȫҲᵽʲôʲôãʲôʲô֮ЩһҪЩֿԲãַֻʽҶ򳵵ʱǲο߼㡢׼ͼ򻯰棡
ҶĵԸϣ߱׼죬ϾǷⶫǱõģġ
ְ½⣬ɽתһȦʼҲûʲôջתĸɽΪƽĵط뱱漸ˡ
ȫͨУɸ߿շɹɽĶ棬ΨһһʺϽķȻͨ˵Ҳǳɽ롢ƶ̤͡㣬ܹ黹ǿߡ
򣬿ܻΪͨѰɽΨһ·ҶĻὫɽҲûǡ
ɽԺʢô϶һЩŵɽôѰʵ˿϶٣ҶܵøЩһͷ
ûǴװ˵ͷЩѰɽɣʱһĻĻɸѰ֮ã߱ʲôѪ£
޷߹ĵ·һֿ飬ܹ·߹ѰҵɽڣôЩһɽɵĻᡣ
ɽɳɼɣҶĲڹĿɵĴˣΪԼԻʱܳΪһֱлΪĴڡɾ޽ӽˣǳ˽
Ȼ˽ҲбɱĿܾˣ˵ɱɱֻǲҲȻֻǳ˽ɵĻһֲĹмܹɱ򲻹ˣҲܵסԼĳ˵ȷǲĴˡ
ÿǽӰˣͬʱǵҲܳɽֲ뷢չɾװûҪֹӵ
򵥵˵ԺɽͽϿпܼ֮᲻ڣΪܹмĵӣΪɽɵĴеӣѰԵıˣô껹ûҶĳ̶ȣôӾ㲻ʦţҲûû
ϾΪþʹݣö֮ʲû˵ŬĶɽʧɽϵĵӶɽɵľӢӢ˵ɽҲʲô˶԰µĴˣѡϿҲûʲôԾġ
ڶȺɽд˼أҶĺͻȥһԣܹͨеĵ·ֻô󶼻ͨɽԵһССһƬľУ⡭
Ҫ׵УԳһǶû֪Ϣ˳ȥַıҲ
Ϳ֮˵ҶҲΪȻϧȲ˵Ǵʱɽ統УҲû˭˼ĵʲôϷ仰ǿЦĻˡ
Ӷֱת£ߵɽҪӶһЩɽɽм·ߣȻҲ˵ȫͬУͨҪ뵽ɽڵٸӣʮĸҵɽģô߹ƾֻʣһ
Ȼǰͨ˵ı׼ģǱЩ£ǾͲһˣ
ҶѰһ£һҶĵȫջڼɽҵһЩȽصĹӣҵһʯɽ̽˳ɢŵɫģһ֪ǷҶȻûзŹĵֱý
ý˼󶴣ƺ뿴ɽǲγ˿ϧֻһЩͨʯͷŷ
ӺͿʯպãҶĴͼ̽ѰΧȻɫڵʱɽ档
̽һ棬ǾͿԻȥˣ
һͲǴµ̽飬Բſһʱｫ涼̽꣬ϸµȥңһ¶鲻꣬ҲҺҶͫˡ
ʹʱѾˣΪʲô鷢ֻԼʦַȥˡ
֪Ϊʲôܾûʲô飡Ǿ̫ģھ˵ôһ䡣
ҶȴĪҪѻ죬԰ƥ˹ɽ飬ǿɾ鷳ˣ
̽飬ΪⷽĿ
ԺɽͰƥ˹ɽҲʲôͻô϶ΪҪսȲ̽һµҲǺбҪġ
Ҷ׼ȴµĿϸĹһ䣬ƫڴʱҲһͻͫ͵һһֲõĸоͷ֮䡣
ѻ찡
ĪʦΪ˵һ飬ܿע⵽ҶһЦĪ˵ˣʲôɢޣ
ҶҡҡͷҲȷʲôԼԴӵ֮ͫ󣬼ûз飬Ȼͫ˷Ӧǿ϶ǷǳѰĴˡ
ĿϸϸǰһƬɽȥҪ΢һ㣬ǱУͬʱľ粻·
ֻֻһۿȥܱȴΪƲߵ·΢ƽ̹·ָϡŹֲֵڵסˡ
ƫƫĻУȻиӰڷǳִŵǰǰͬʱֱۻ費ͣһƬƬҫĿĵ⣬ǰĹľݴԶᱻһƬ΢ôһ㣬ȻӰǰŲһ
⵶ϵһ㣬ȵ΢һ٣ӳĹȱҶĿһ̷ǾȻһ䵶
䵶ӦòǶõĶɣ
ʾ䣬ǲ޵ǸʲôȻӡ䵶ֱӦǹŴ˹Ǳ˲õģ˭ɽǲ
ϣǶ޵ˣ
ʱҲƼǱ䵶ճ°㵶⣬ҶģעʹˣֻһϵķξϳǶˡ
ҶԼȥʱǿε˺һ󣬶ڶ޵ķҪԼϤĶ࣬ΪǸֱ۵˽
Ƕޣֱô
һ֮漴͵ûУǿ̷˵ʲôʲôطõıУʱʡ
ҶֻŶһûлشΪоԼڵƺʼ˲ҲʲôԭֱԶǸӰÿ߽һ㣬ԼڵĲԽ֮̾ԼƺǸӰйϵ
ʲôˣô
ҶֻܿǸӰϵ·ʷʴͬʱͷҲĺʵֻ¶һԴҷǳ˫ۣȻɻҶ
˷ˣ
ע⵽˵Ŀ⣬漴ȵҶģ˻ôǰǰΪ˲Ǹͨˣû뵽ͨ˿ôԶľ뷢ǣ
ҶҡҡͷӦоΪ˵дһ˿ɻǼǣӦò
ʱҶĻǲԼڵ˵Ļɣôôɺϵ飿
ϸ۲һµô£ҶķԼɪ֮ҲͻȻһʲôҪһҶϸһ̽飬ͷֱԼǸֹ⻪ʢڽָͻҪƽ
ҶԺͻȻֽ̧Ƿַ˳ɲǼƶһ̫ߣһӳյһƬҷɢĹâŷǳķϣһůĸоҴﵽʸ˲ԽҪһ飬ôվԡ
ҶĻͣǻô׾ͱӰ쵽ˣڷ֮ҲǾ״
˵ǰֻǾҪʲô鷢Ļô˼Կ϶Ҫ鷢ˣһǺѰ顣
ڴʱǷΧҶתһȦ֮ҶķڴķҲڲͣĲƺȥ󲿷ַԼ뿪ȻתǷֵСԼΪҶķ֣ⲿַԼ޷ΪõķǲѾԼƽ͵ĴԼûа㶯
Īǡ
һеΪԼڵķɣҶ뵽һܣ
ڸ
ͷû£Ƿ־ವһ·˳ȥǡֱǸԶӰѾ״Ǹˣʱȫ䱸ԽԽķ֣ϵ䵶סǰ
ĪǾתҶľԼѾµʵࣺ˵ĻӦúܿͻ½䱸İɣ
Ҷĸеǣ˼ֺǵûзСĽΨһɼ˫Ŀи͸¶һǸ񣬾ͺʶԼһ
ôĪǲתĳң
Ƽ䣬ͻȻǰһȻƾնһӰ˾Ƿ֮ǰȻ⻪ķһȣףĪǻͬһˣһ̧ȴҲʲô̼䱬ɫֱӽǷָһԡ
Ҷȴָһ𡪡Ȼֻһ۵𵯿ķ֣


047 
⻪ȥһޱȵӰҶĺ͵ǰ
ϣ˱ʦܻƯ
תͷԱߵͣҶϸ۲˶˼ۣԺȷǸˣòȻͻҪӲƸˡ
Ϊ֣Ȼϵû̫ע⣬һۿǸǸǿȸϵ
ʦ֣ӡֻȸȽ

Ҷһ¾뵽˴𰸣ϾǺųؼһֻȸļһǽԺԵǿʢҶڳ˿ЦֻܿЦˡ
ֻǸĲ񻰵ֻĴһҶĺͣתӣ·˲һȫᣬǸˣ·̫עϡ
Ǹʵʵֻ¶һ˫۵Ĺ˼ԼжѾԷֹ̾ͣ˺ˣе䵶ȴս˼ֻ֣΢΢ĵ¶еĿ־塣
˴ʱΪӵĵô
ϵģֳֿȸҲôĺֻ쾭壬һò
ҶǶ͵ˡ
һֻһںƲʺ˵Щɣ
Ҷȴںֻʼ򣺡ˣǸļһҪǸ֪ļһɱ֣ҲϣǲκϽȥֻҪϷͺˣ
ΨһеŲµǣԼķԼ͸ķΪλͻȻǰǸתǺǸһͲɵϵˡ
Ȼ޵ǷǷҲǷŷôλҴǰʲô״Ҳǿġ
ϧԶô򵥣Ҷ⣬ϾĿǰʵɽڵʺ񣬿ȴɲҶ߲׼˵һԱʾԼ޹ص·ʿǲعңø͸ȥ
ǵķ־ͺƻյɱ˳ҶһȦӣƹ˵ǹǰķܣһ˲ͷɵǹǰ
˾λĸתĿҶϣ㡭ƺһҪ֣
ʵɡҺûɶϵǷҲǱ˼Ĵİˣ
Ȼ˼ѾʣҶֻӦ䣬ͬʱ΢΢ʹһЩľƮ˿ɫƣöԷԼĹԷһ·
ȻΪһ΢һ㶣漴˫ֺʮһ񣺡ԭǶ޵ʿĻյҲΪһЩ飬߶֮λ֣
Ȼһô
жһȻͬʱȻʩ񣬵ȴǱӦеĿˣҪ˵ǫʲôǰ㶼Լ仹ż˿
ҲǣǼΪţƵĴڣȻ˷磬ҲǷбȽ϶ǷսǿĴڣ۽Ȼߵĺܡһʼʱ򿴵ԼʹǷҷһЩСӣôԼҲʵ
ţ罻黹㲻Ķʿܿһ񶼲С
ڼ˵յǱȴһЩ仯ͻȻɫһ䣬Ȼ͵תͷȥƣǷ־Ȼǹת淢ȷǽɫķʵһ㣬ȻͣǹϣȻûΡ
ֳͺǸڽܷԡϴͬʱȵķһ㡣
ǡת
Ҷһ׹ԼǰµĻûǷֻΪתˣû뵽תȻַʽ֡
ֿܣԼĺʵǸתҲɽʲôȽϳɫĵӣʵתǹתһ־ͻӦȻԼȥһء
û뵽ǹԺͿһ·ˣŪûʲôĳˣƫƫǰǸ޷ͨ棿Ҷһڹˣĸо
ϸһƣıƺʣǸӣԼò˺ü򣬽ҽʱüĽòһ
ʲôеͷԣǷֵҶתʲôȴȫĹ˺תʲôϵ
ҶֻýԼƲ˵һʹΪȣܰɣ漴ֿʼ²⣺ҪǸʲôĺתյǲǾ͵Ϊֹˣ
Ȼǹ֮䵽ҪʲôֻղŵԲʲôȽѺõĹϵǿ׷ɱˡ
ǹ˼ȻǷŵӵתֵǰ޷𷨵ļ䣬ĳ̶ֳ˵ҲԼˣӦûὫ˴ط̵ɣԭĶԹпܾôˡ
Ͼƣسɷ𣡼ȻԼˣҲûоıҪˣ˷Ļǲȥȥģ
Ҷľ²ǿףôˡƫƫ鲢ûнֻƬ̼䣬Ƿֵ״㼴ʧΧӳյһƬķҲİȥֻʣܵĹâǷ֮ϣǿΧĻ˳
ʱֻ̾˿ϧһתӣָ̧֣⻪һͻȻһϹ⻪ת֮貹⻪ȻǷϵĹâڸȥһ˲һ㡣
ѽ
ȻֵĹ⻪УһͻȻ𣬽һƾϵ䵽˵һ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
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ǸɫɣҶһԿˣǼɲĹ⻪Ҳľѧǵ⻪ɫˡֻ˽ɫ⣬ۼʹɫƺӹ죬ҲݵĸӵӦ֣ȻҲǸǿᡣ
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ŮӣҶһ㶣һӦǲܣϾǸصصĺУôŮӣͻȻֻתȻתɡˡˣƺҲû˭涨ԱҲɻԭ
ȴûôֻ࣬ԹԵĴţòӦǰǱߵְɣ
˻һҶ׹ΪҪɱŮˣϸɻܺƽɽƺҪײһЩ˫ʵصĲԵȵʱΪСһƺעᱻ
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ҶľˮƺԽԽ룬ѾˣɽɸûвκϽȥʸ񣬿ƫƫɽƺע޷һε鷳
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תͷҶģԼʦʲôʱֶһӣ뵽ת֮ˣղƺΪֵԭǰ䣬ĪΪԵɣ
Ҷȴдʲôʱͺ¿ʦˣҺİϧûü˵ͼŮ۾һգ͵ͨһ󣬷ǳɴĻ˹ȥ

ĿתԼҶֻεĳ̾һ鷳ˣ
ѹҵ˵һֱܣԭ
ʵϿҲеŪ״ǿȷǣŮγҪɱĿ꣬ƺʿǸŮĳĻ漰ľ͸ˡ
ֻŪŮôתķŵӣͬʱҲҹʿôһתĵӣһӡ
˵ĵӵĻΪһʼʱ˱ֳһҪģǸ̬ͺƸûʲôϵ飬Ҳǻһ
Ψһܹ뵽ĺ;˵ĵתϣȻӾһҪصʦţкܶ಻֮
ʵ̫ˣൽ˿ȥѯʵĵزȻŮָǰ䣬ҺʦôʹԼҪɱͱҪɵˡ
Ҫ֣򵥵ɣ
ıʼվûʲô̫ı仯ֻй۲ǿ˲ܹϸ΢ı仯вһѶϢʱӵͫҶģҲôģΨһȷλĸϣɱǼٵġ
Ҷȴãʱǣ˵ʵǲɱҲν
ɽȻһЩ򣬵մļһûʲôԼĳ̶ֳ˵һǿʳ磡
ǰûʲôֵóƵĵطô˶ԷҲΪһһͺ˺ƤҲ˵һ˫ͻʸ񶼲߱κһ˵жǿп޵Ĵڡ
ԷǱȽǿ˵Ļ
¼һҲʲô͵Ķһħ⽵ħԼĪʮײмձͷϸμ׶Ϻ󣬳ּȿʹȭʽҲ˳ʹ㡢̵ʽһЩر˱Уǹ򵥵ý϶ű
ⶫڷǱȽϳı޺ʲôĶУȻҲΪ棬ȻҲһλҪǸսĻЮʱһгкҲ򣬾ֱһȭ
Ҷ뿪˵ʲôȴλͬ־ȻǸŷֲڵжɣֻһĹȭͷѾ˽ǰ
һȭƣڴеһȭƽƽ棬ȴ޷ܣƼΪµһȭ
ҶڸоȭϮʱӦԣǵһӦԶʱȭҲѾǰ֮ǰ
΢΢һܿһȭҶȴ˿лŽħƣȭͷзļеģϵĻ徢Ѿһȭˡ
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һһܼһǳɣǿû̫ķӦʱ䣬ֻǸоԼһȭһͶ˿ȥԼĸ첲ϴһ־ֱһȭľһȥЩԼˡ
ͬʱоԼž˵һȭûжɰ˺˵ԷмסˣǿֲľҲӦûöԷһ󣬿ⲿ־Էںţ뺣һ㣬ȻӰˡ
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һʣҲûָ˭شҶҲʱ죬˳ĳһƽʮһУѾõϲͺȴͬʱ˱ѩľ


048 
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ǽԵǿųؼһֻȸͱѰɵʿ߲֪ٸ𡣸ɵɫ⣬ǿǺų¼ﲻˢĶţˢ˭Ҳֻб⵱һ
Щ޷ֳţƣôһ֤ʵλĻǶôǿմߵС˵еǶλBOSSСܼͷŴ֣
ܻӭ̶ȫΡΤƵˣǴԽߡߡֻߵȵϡŹֵ˱յɫ
ϧҶûһᣬҴʱҪλȭ򣡸ҶƵԼĹҪȿ࣬ԼȫһƻӳȥĿɫûб·ںСһ㣬һӣָӦһʹǲԼƶϵıѩʧˡ
ɫ⾹Ȼô
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ѵֻһ˲䣬ʦֵͱƵˣ
Ҳޱȣû뵽ȻܹɵƵԼʦֵΪԴҶŹ֮󣬼޵еĴڣǿĶ֣Ҳһ³Կ
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תͷȥֿûҶģ̧Լ֣ϸĴԼеһʱͲע⵽ָŵǸƺжദͬʱŵĽħҲкԵ𻵡
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˵ǰĿֻΪҶĶʿݱ޶ȵĿĻôʱĿĿʼԼ˼УȴûбԼռٱ˵ˡǸղҶǿѪҲƵĳҶΪ˻ԼڵľʹֶΣҶһѪͦŻˣһѪζҶĲ˶ʲô˵
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ҶһԴˮ˵ʲôʱҲƣֻǼװƲٲȻһƵĴBOSSģ
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֣ôڵһʱԱӽһըĳԼ޾ĽҲ㹻ǿһˡҪҲشʱʦгֵĻˡ
ͲԣʦֵĿճһռ䱣֤˵ȫǿģһԼʦֿɾ׶༪ˣ˵ҪֵĻյĽܾܾˡ
ҶҲˣ
ԣֽģֻǾʹЩͻҲ֪Ǻûǻ
ȱЩˣƺתѾͷϣȻɽ˵


049 ˿
΢ϢƬ̣ҶľָŮԣҲҪ䱧ֻҪһ˾ͱɫУȻһʡ
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˵ռŽϸ߿գֱɽȥ
ϸ߿֮ϣɽľԵΪˣϾɽڰգΧȺɽһأڱȽϿտ֮ȻԵñȽͻأʱڵǡܹɽɽǸٲ
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ǰĴ̽ѰǺ˴˴Ƭ̺Ȼ̾ﵹǸϷˮľѳ
תͷҶģԼʦֹҲӦ˳˵һˣһ֮ĻǽȴʼձտڲԣȵԼתͷȥŷҶĵɫԲ԰ףɫҲôÿ
ͬʱŵĽȻէһȥûʲô֣ϸһƣܷ⽣΢΢е㲨Ȼǿôȶ
ʦʲһкıԤϵĻҪ󣡡
Ҳû˼˵лˣֻǽԼٶ΢ҶĲ󷽣ҶͻȻʲô״Ӧ
ҶĲ͵Ķȴ˵ʲôµԼ򽣾ʹȷƿֲķ򽣾֮ҲޱȾ޴ĿǰΪ޷޴۵ʹһС
һеȷǿᣬΪܹٽһҲͿĴ߶һˣϧʱҲôУֻܵɱﵣ
һʱ䶼ƣֻͷУڿлһԲһǰһĻصɽǰɽȻɽžֱȥ
ɽǾݻɽֻλÿȱڣɽɵԼˣҪȥҲŶ롣
Ҷĵ뷨⻹ǿǵɽĿǰλߣԺ֮׼ֱӽƵȱڷɽɽıɽŵλɽϣȻ˳ɽ·ɽɵڡ
ܸһɽɲʲô˶ϵ˵ӡҲý˸߿ֻ֡ɽɻûǸԸһ˵
һȴյҶṩЩ棬ֻҪŵͽ⣬ͿԴﴩȻҲҪͣ٣ֻҪһתֱԺȥ
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ֻһɤӺȥûӰˣһͬɽ˷Ӧ죬ԼʦʦĽ⣬æҶʦĽ⣡
ʵҲҶУֻһʱûзӦһŻع漴һۣҲúʱҲУʱҲɼ˰ɣ
ʦԣֻҪڼЩֶζɵģǺúŬǣ
Եˣ

ҶĽһתۣٶҲһֱԼԺ֮ͣΣ漴ȥһƮڵأͬʱŮҲڵϡ
һ꣬Ҷ͵ĺһžͺ񷢳һ̾һ㡣ֻͨ˵гɵҲˣҶһȴ˺ܶණ
һźһ룬ѾΪķȻ˿һһ֮ѩվҶĵǰʦˣ
ûʲôֻǳ̫ͣ˲ٹ
û˵ʵʵԼ˿УľȻû˵ٻЩӰ죬ֻЩƲأҲʲôû¶ͬʱҲǲѩģԲŻô˵
ѩദ˼ʮ꣬Ҷĵ˽ޱ͸ﲻҶû˵ʵ飿ֻҲҶԼģҲû׷ʣֻǷҶȥʦȥһԵʵȱˣ
ֻǲִһƳƵҶĻһ˻˴ʱҲȴдϢ֮ǻ˹ȥҶ״γȥ϶ʲô飬ԾȰҶȰԼϢãٳԵģ֮ǰȽס
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲϻ;ֱȥý棬˫һӣǴ򿪵ķž¹ϣûñ˽
Ҳ֣ҶĵóˣԼУ˰æЧҲޣѩལͲԵϢΪҲﲻʲôæȻѩʼǬƫƫǬѾһںϣԵʲôģѩ
ûиȥһ֪ԼûҪȥæ֪Ҫ龭˵ѩҲûжһ١
ɽϸ˵һ֮ѩ֪ľҶĵƻǿʹ˸Ʋ˵ĴвɵģԵɾλȸ
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ͿЦŵ˵ͷʵҲÿɽɵ˶ǿ棬λжٷˢģ
ֻǽ֪ɫⲻˢˢ⣬ˮԿʵֻҪһʼ˱ȥˢܴʱ˶⵱ˡ
ѩڿɫûʲôֱ۵˽⣬ǻǸɽկжǿᣬȴΪ
һɽկûɵɫⶼôˣԭ澿ôǿᡭ
ɫҲľ޵УɫȻųﲻˢҲиƵġԳǧɽʱ򣬾ûʲô̫õİ취ɫǿᣬҲûһ˲ˢûһɽĳ̶ֳ˵Ҷĵ򽣾պÿɫ⡣
ȻǰҶĵ򽣾ܹɣֻܰڳŻˣʱǾ߱аʵһʵ̫ˡ
˵һѩüͷҲԽô˵ҪСʲôˣ
͵˵ͷȷҪúÿˣɽĿǰ޷סıǶҪɳ̫ˣֻҪٴʵİ֣ܰɽɸƽ
Ψһ̵ľҪôȻͥĲϾɽǶ޵ɣͥ£Լôͱ˸ɱ꯶Ҳû̫øУǲգǾ͵ͱͥѡ
ͥҪԼ棬ԼſڰɱˣͥźڣɽֻҪʵʵʱʲô̫ΣգͥĳƤҲʱɽɡ
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硭Ҫ׺ͥսֻ֮ܲû˻Ϊ˾ͺͥս̫òʧˡ
˷һþ濴ȻܶӣǶɽɵӰ첢󣬻ǸôôŬˡ
ɵµŪˣѩ漴ĿתǸڵϡʱѾ˷䵱еŮӣת
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͵ǲʲôףѾνķԭҲĽɣǾģҲһתʲôԾ
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˹ѩգգۣȿڣǡ棿
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˻һѩ̾˿ȵȷתֻתȻתǱһ˸ǰֶ˵ܾһȽΣȻô£ȴʲôӰ졣
׷䣬ֻڵķŷ֨ѽһ죬תͷҶ˽
ʦֵˣ
ҶĵɫǲôÿƲʲôѪɫȻȸղŻҪѿ˼ֻ֡ǽŲ䲻ղǰ鸡ɼϢһȷת
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ʵҶĵϢ⵱Ѿ뵽˴ŵΪʲôй˿ȵתڼԼԼʦ׻ǵ沼ľ֡
棬ǸоƾͨͨЩʲôȻͺڵԼãʱϵԼתɽнѣԼպÿ԰Ľѡ
ǸлһԼΪԭͶţôԼҪУ϶ҪѰʵ֮ͫҶľͱжˣ
Ὣ͸ҶˣὫԼһ𷨴ҶģҶʹԼβٿ˫ͫһеһвҶĽãԼܹͶҶ¡
ָоɲôãңҲûбҪһҪͽܣ
ͨһеҶȻʲôɫֱӾͰѻ뿴ǷԼİٰڽˮƯĻʲôӦ
˿Ȼתȴ棡ҶĵĻһ˵˿ȾͼʲôƵأһʧģҶĵͺƼС
ת˲һӣͺ⵽˱Ƶأ
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㾫ʵı飬ҶĵϣΪǺеľܵ˵ҶĪҪЦˣߡһжԵ֮Ļû뵽ȻôһӦ˿ȻתԸʲôĵȷûдȷˡ
˵˵˵ΪλᱻǸ绤׷ɱ
һתⷿеվȻȻһ䣬Ĺ˿ȾȻһɱǷǴȸҲû˿Ĺɱ߹ȻҪɱң
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Ҷǻûüʣ˿Ⱦͼ˵ȥϧʵ̫ֻɱһЩѰķŵӣ˵˴Ȼ͵ĴȻͨһҶǰ㡭Ϊͽɣ


050 
ȵȣҶİ˰֣˼ά̫죬еϣ
ղŻ˵Լͷ飬ôһͻȻԼҪԼͽˣҪ˵߼ΨһϵǾֻһ֣ҪҶѧϰգȻǿ֮ȥҷ鷳
ҶĲ벻ֿʵе㲻ףҪ֪Ƿɽǿ֮һɽأ
СĲСˣ˿Ӧòжôǿ󶼲ðɣ˵ԼܹӿｫȳԼǿκβִĹ۸У
µĻû˿ȱڱ绹Ҫһͨ˼ҵĺӣһƬؽ綼˹֣˵˹
ǹ˿ȵϼҾʹ˹罻ĵطɽҪ˹ǿĶ࣬ÿʱÿǶԼΧ
ֻǰֱȽϿٲұţĿǰеǲʳߡһһǱ߸ǣһһĲʳĵ̡
£ŵ͵˲ͻϷǿͬ޷֤ÿŵӶôõľΪ¼ּ𣬶˿סĴׯΪһͻȥ
ʧȥ˼԰ƽŭĽ˱ǡôСѧϰһЩ񶷼յĹ˿ȳΪ˽ĳƾһ֮ɱ˸Դϵɮ²
ڶŵӵ֪֮ͬ˱ֹĿʼΧһȺˣЩŵΧ˵Ͷ·һ˷ɮµϡ
㷢չȥĻԹ˿ȵȫգ˹ַڲ֮󣬳ˣ
һ֣̬ƿʼݱֱӳͻʱ򣬿Ĺ˿Ѿɽвͣܣⱻ˷֡
Ҫӻ˹ֵΧеģֻǷ˶Ǳ߲鿴ĺϣһĴʹĿԼŷ޺ĺ޻֮ʱʶǻصͬУҲûκεô
ʱ߻мͬ飬һͻȻ˵ңԶĶͬǿһȺƾоӵһˡҵЩˣǴǼգҲǾͿԴ˿Щһ
˵鲢ûеõ˵ͬ󲿷˻ϣԻصͬУ˿ȴϣܹһǿϣƾԼͬ߳Ŀǰǵռ䲻ͣڼ٣ȥĻʧȥȫռ䡣
ҪôɱҪô磡
ֽҪģǹ˿̤ǰ;˾;һ·ϼԸһͬǰĻ鶼ȺΪǵ׷ɱʼûֹͣ
ǹ˿ǿĻҲãڴ˷ĵ̣̤˶޵صʱѾڳ޺ǵ֪ġ֮֡һûб
֪֮ѯһĿȸԸ˹׷ܾĹ˿ȡ
ȸԳֵԭҲܼ򵥡¾һյйľǴȸ
Щϸϸ˵˳˿ҲشҶΪʲôҪΪʦԵɣΪǰһЩϵԼҸͲ֪Ӧȥҵһˣ
ˣ
˿Ҳʲô֪ļ䣬ҲɽҵЩɣϾֻǵһɮ£˿ȸֻɽһͨˣһԶ֮صˡ
ڣǹ˿ȻҶģ˽ҶĿǰʵɽǸʲôˮƽΪҶܹӿȳ˿һ㣬;ҶĵʵӦúǿҶȻɫ԰˼֣ûȱ첲ȣûһغ
ĿԼŷ֮һһӾģɴ˾ͿԵ֪ǶôǿĴڡ
ͬʱ˿ȵļҲãԼλǿĴ֮мֽ飬ŸãԼ˵ݣĴײѰ˿ɼҷɣҲûὫԼҾѧڡ
ѧõĶôԼùôҶ¶õѡ
һ̸ҶЩԵɣȴҲҶĸԻ󣺡ΪֲȻ֪ô飿
˿ƺƳһЩڵŽ򣬶ܶͨе֮ж֮ʱЧԲ֮ǰͨԴʹ۷徳磬ǷʹҲˣ
Ҷһ㼴ףԭΪôֲǷͨһЩԵ
ʱѾٽԲţ仰˵ǿˣͨʱͻչֳĪܣʲôҲֵ̫顣
ҵʱҲֻģģƳһЩƬΣϵԼƲģ˿˵ⷬʱԵΪԵãЩ鶼һ㣬ҶĺԱһ
ȴҲ˵֪ҲöôֲԴĺʹԶˡֻϧת֮Ǵ˲ëԴȴûһͬת˿ͷô̡
ޣͷҲ̣ЩԼһˣ
ͺѩԼʦˣһȻԼʦ治ʲô߰ġ
ֻй˿һʺţͷҶĲԡ
ҶĵͷƹǰͷһͰģĹ˿ȣ뵽ԼҲȷ治ٺô洫ڷ֮ԼĻ챦Ҳ˾˲٣ֻǿֻͨոͽܰˣҲ㲻ʲô
ɽôӣһһһ̵ڹ˿ȵݣɽں˰˶ˣһҲûʲô
ΪͽҲ޲ɣɣ
Ҫߵͷʦô˿Ȼ֪˲ٶԻ޷ѧãܶණܻû
Ҷ̧̧֣΢΢ųЩ˿ȸȵʽаʦʱߵ٣
Ĺ˿ȵûпܣһĸصĸоȻվԼһ󣺡˼ѧô
㹦ˣȻͻˡĵԽ࣬Խܸо˿֮ľ޴ͬȻ֪һˣҶ޷ϵ
վһҶͻȻûһȻûѩԸһͽŸססһԺӰɣ⼸ÿϤһɽϵ˵ȻȥϢˣ
ͬƳҶɫõѩ˳ƾӦȻԼʦֳ˷ֱԼķء
еĵѩŹ˿ֱסԺ䣬򵥵İһ֮󣬹˿Ⱦھӡ
ҶΪֽΪӽӦܹ˵ϻɣû뵽ǣ˿ڼ֮Ȼ˷ǳǿɱ⣬ȻܿͱԼȥȴҲѩ⡣
ȫôµĿǲ㽫ָ˲۳ųȥù˿ȽһԵɡ
ԭ˹־ͻкԼƥ˹ɽҲ˹д𡪡˹ֵǸǵкϱģкԼƥ˹ɽϷˣ˹Χ⼸ҶûʲôøС
ĳ࣬ǡǱ׼ԲŻù˿ôķӦÿļ䣬ѹȥ
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ʵҵĸĸŷСʱҲҽϴ񣬲ʱ̰棬ӵˣ
ǲ⣬Ź˿ĴתͬʱԼһЩ鵱Ц˳˿ֻһߺǺɵЦһߺΪһļжûɽɵκϢڵԸ䶼һΪֽȻͬĽ;۶ǳĺ档
ļգ˿ȵԴ簲װһתͣ˵᲻СֱӽԼԴתĵ
Ҷģ⼸վȻûôݣվԼķϢָԼʧѪ
ѩΪҶһЩðָҶĿǰһƵĲ
ǰȵ֣ⶫǰѩг֮ǰ
ʲôЧɫ΢΢е㷢죬ҲЩ˼ңҶϤ
Ծ͸ҺҶһҨȻÿһ棬ϵıԽľˣŮ˺ȵĶ
Ҫǲȣҵˣֽ뽫ߣȴҶ£һһ̽ӽ뻤˻УڱԼӵĸһ
ôܹɽҲԣ˷ˣ
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ѪٸҿɾҪˣһ˵ţһ߽Ⱥֻ֭ͣһĹ򣬾ͺȵ˴롣
ѩȵ㿪ģͻȻͷһͷɫĵʦ֣ɷιιʦúһڣ
ĽǶȣҶȫˮͣͷʹ״ʦһ󣬾ȻûعֱƬ̲Żһɶ
ûע⵽Ҷĵ״ϺȴԽŨˣͷ˵һ䣺ιιҺȡ
ҶˣȻǸͦ飬⻹ԼʦҪǶôѵã
ϧǣȴе㲻ʣֻܿϷˣô飡
ѩһ㶣漴ŭߣȴҶ˵ˣֻʱʱһŴҶġ
һֱҶĽҶ˸⣬ߺߵĶȥֻǲһԺӣͼңһԺ
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ң˿ʦϵĴҲһƣǿȴǳɴĴղżһҩ֭˵Ǹʦãʦ
ҩ֭ѩһƣʲôҩ֭ԼղĲʣµһЩˮȻңҩ֭
ǸոʦĲʦѾȹˣͲȥˣ
ңͻȻ쳣Ź֣Ȼע⵽ѩ϶ŵǴＸˣͻȻľ֮飺ʦ̫ˣ
ôº˼תҪߣȴǲٴ˶ͣƬ̣Լʦʲô
ֻȻ죬ȴûӹѩע⣬ֱӽסȵȣҰɣ
ǣʦ
֭ݸѩңǴ˹ʦˣȻҲѩʲôӦתʹṦֱûӰӣѩûзӦ
ңһ̾ûټѩͻȻһֲõԤУһСں󣬵ʱֻԼͷһ˲ɿֲĿ̣ϡŹֵζͣԼͺصĽӶû⡣
ѺȰ
ʱѩ󶼹˲ˣͷŸֱָ飬ֻΪ˻ʹࡣ
ֻһ뵽Լʦ־ȻһֶѩתֽԺʯϣֱӳҪʦû顣
һ룬һ̧ͷͿҶվڴ򿪵ĴǰָŶЦͣǿѩղŵǷģ


051 
˼գҶĵ彥ת˹վûܵʲôشֻҪƵ죬ͺԭһӣƲǰܹˡ
Լת֮ҶĿʼ˿ȵ飬ȾǽΪӡ
ʦׯϣΪҶɽɵʦ棬֮ȫҲôȼ൱ɽ˴඼󱲣ҶҪյӣǿ϶ɽɵĴ¡
ΪЩԵɣ˿ȼɵעʦҺļ䣬ںҪûаʦʱʲô۶ӣܹ˳˰ʦҪеķڡ
ȵϣɢȥ֮ҶŹ˿ȻصԺȻ˾䣺һѧʲôô
Ҷķʣ˿˼Ķѧ
ûˣ
ҡҡͷɢ΢˦һƮ
Ҷüģ֪ڹӦôô
˿㶣ƺѰ˼ڹʲô˼˰ŴӼҵصĲ֣Ȼȷĵ˵ͷӦá֪ġ
ֻôȷĻشҶľù˿Ⱦ֪Ҳϸµĵطףôǰأ
˿룺ǰ˵ǰ޵ķͨ
˵ͷ⼸µʱҲҪеĻ޷ǾɵĹǰķֱͨȽϺã
һɡ˿ȵǲʲôҶľȵĽ飺ѵһ𣿡

ͨ͵ڹܲһҶĻ治ã룬ڵڹķƺٻʲôͻҲΨһͻľһЩȽаŵŹ˿ҪһƺҲǲԵ顣
ҲԼԣȡؼɽŵȫķԼԪŹǱŵӵı޿ΣеӶҪ׷ʼ
ԺܹﵽʲôΪȫܹŹʲô̶ˣ
ȫķܺܿͻᱻ滻Ԫڹ˿ܹǬܹĹ֮ǰƻһֱȥ
˿ֽӹؼĴһ󣬷ѰˣƺԼɢī㡣
ˣ⼸³дģ
Ŷ
Ҷôһ˵ûʲôȤˣȷ˲ɽɱȽѰĶȻһֱ
ʦͽ۾һҶʵˣҶǱ߲˽⣬˵Ƕʲô
˹ŷ˹̣Ҷֻ˵ɣûжϸ˽Ψһ֪һ˹ֲ⣬һ㻹ǺԭƺΪ˹Ϊǲ֮ԲԸӴ
˿ҶķʣҲûļ䣬ǰϵ˹ɽ˹̶֪ȻܹصĽеĲ֮ͬΪӰ죬˿ᵽԼĽԼʱҲûʲôܻ䡣
һҶͻȻȵףԭ˹кܶİ˿һ˵ҶĲﲻͬʱ˹ǻŷ̫ܡλŮ񡪡ڵϣλ˹̵֮ǰһŷ顣
ϸһ룬ҶľйؼȲ˵˹ڵгͻ飬͵˵ɽ˹ڵе֣Ψһ񣡾˵ͨ
ɽСС֪ж٣Щ͵ϲһѼټĴڣʵڣʱʱڴ֮ͥչԼܵĴڣҪǲܲ˵ԼΨһôΨһ³Ǳɵ
ʵϣŹ˿ȵĽҶĲŽסȷ㱻ɵ
ʼȷţԼΨһֻʱûΪҲҳһţֻ˼Һͺˣʶ̬˵һЩϰϱȽϽӽͳһ𣬶ʱ򻹷Ψһѧ˵ܱߵĸ⵽Χ
ѹ˹ֱô׷ɱֲñˡ
Ҳ⣬ҲΪа˼ҼĿ죬һԾϾ͸˿ڣԽǿ󣬼ռ˵кǿ½Ĵ󲿷ֵһЩֵĵش
ƥ˹Ƕڵûʲô̫Ȥֻǵս˹㹻ɣΧսаƥ˹˺ܴȴԶһƥ˹㣬ôĺܹ񫣡
͸ˡֱӰ˹ħͷıǩȻ󲻶ϵķħսֻôùȥЩͱζˡ
˹Ҳ˸ı䣬ʼĴڣԭ˹ϵµŮԼУ˵Ů˹бȽǿĴڣŮļͼűסһ
ҲҵͬϿʼ˷磬Ѿ統Žˡ
ҶĵΪͦãȵɵĴ鷳ǿ˹ٵû˼ȥܣһôĽôϵģ
Ҳ֪ǲǹ˿ƾļ³ʲôڵʵܼ򵥡ÿ뿪֮ǰһЩͼȥԼĴڡ

Ҷû뵽ʵԭô򵥣ڹ˿ʹļг˸Ӿ˵飺˹еĹ﷢Ǽ̳˰ɽ磬Ƕ˹
˿˵һỰȻͿʼָڹҶһԿţֱ˿˳̤еĴźŷġ
ҶҲע⵽˿ʱȣȻõһЩķȴûܹĽΪãʱƲܿһǰ棬Բ
˿ƺҲԼ⣬üͷЩģϧôǿôҲ̫ϧ˵㣡
ҶҲù˿ĿľҷˣԼȻһеת̳һȵķֻԵҲ֪Ǹ˺ûƵĺá
ǰǸɮһԴѧһи˹˿ȣȻûù˿˲ΪһλߡᣬҲ³ɼȽϿ͹۵ĿԼһ
ҶĵǺܿ͹ۣʱŹ˿ȵһ뵽һ书
书ҲڳɾٻãֻϧǬһ㣬ֻõǰļУֻĻҲþͱǬǿҪ˵ĻɲǬ
ҶһֱûȥΪ޻챦һʱûܳԼͰ¸ˡһ㣬ǷŹ·Ǻܺϣ
ù˿ϸҶĻصԷֽ֮Ǳؼȡ˳Ȼ˿ǱᣬϵĸҶͻȻһȤ뷨
һ˹书ȻЩ޺ʲôģӦûȤɣ
һţһ߽Ǳϵݳ¼һհ׵ΪܹʹãҶʹ˴Ӵ޾Ҫī֭ҲдϺ̾͸ɵīˮϽ޾ϵĴѹեˡ
ͷдͼһ޶ȵҶ֮󣬹˿ҲԼʦ֮ĵһųдؼҶ»صԺ＾ʼƵҶ˹˿һŮȴû⣬۾ͣԼϣȱʲôһ
ʲôأ
ʦڹ˼˿ƺ뵽ʲôȤ飬ָԼؿ˵ͺиСȥһ
ԼһȻǿѹϣϹһЦҶĻûעıһҲͬʱ㼤͹ҲҶЩĭǺ
ĪҪˣ
ҶҲǼ˵ˣô̼ʧֻ̬ԾղžȻеʧ񣬿ΪһûԼˡ
һǲӦðѻ»ѩץһæŽͽһæԼ߽ϵؼ˹ȥ
ʲô˿ȺĽ˹ֻһϵ֣ɫһ任ֱǴż־ͬʱִżӶ񣬻һЩ棬ͬʱ־ĪҪж졣
ҶһǱȴҪı任һ˳ڻش˿ȵ⣺ΪʦǰЩ괴һ·ƷȻοģĿǰֻǰУΪæûмȥ㽫ôˣٽ漸д㣡
˵ֵȻԸԼĻҲ㣡
˿ȵıڱ˵㣬ϵⱾؼͻȻһֿЦõĸоӵȻ֪ĸִʲôԹ˿ԸΪе޷Ʒ
ʦΪʲôҪƷ
ҶЦЦ㲻÷ŵĶЩӰʲôĴܣһȤ𣿡
˿һ㶣ܣûⷽȥ롣ҶһᣬԴﲻĿʼֻ棬ȵķ֣ĳһһȤ顣
ʵҶû˵ɣǾǹ˿һҲŷƷһЩļ䣬ԷĹ˿ɽ¼ٺʺŹģҶҲ
˿·棬˵ͷҾƺˡʦ˵ֻǰУ
šֻǰУ
ҶٻһӦϵдưƣΪûнƷȫм˼۵Ҷȥϵ¿һԭ汾ģȻͬһϵеС
ҪƵǲҪϷҶٻһȴǲҪϵǰ档
õƷǵһƵƣÿһƶرĸЧǿᣬҪ˵ʽôһȡʤƷ
ƷɣҪ㹻ΪŸտʼϰҲżʱھͽƷɡ
˵ţһ̧ͷȴ˿ѾؼŶÿŵֱȱȻϰ
ҶҲ⣬˵Թ˿ǸոŵڹΪǾʹƷģǵһƷ֣һƴǰŷģڵĹ˿ȱ˵ˣһƶ򲻳ȥھ㣬ƾֻ̾ͻΪöʹȥˡ
Ҷȴû뵽˿ȻȥƬ֮ƺǺһĳһȻƾֱϮͬʱһ˿ϷȻ͵һ֣Ϊ⣬ַҫ£ƺнһлﶼĸо
ҶĹȻһĸоȴû˶Ӱ죬һּ̧䰵ʹʵʵĽ˹˿һƣཻһ΢ġۡ˿ֻоԼһƵľûӰһŤһ˦ͽᶼһԣ˳ƾС
Ҷһƾһ任˰̣һ£¹˿ֱӾͱĵɶֵȻʹˡҶ⾢һҲعվﲻ˼ĳҶĺٺɵ֡
һУؼ类ʯһವһҶȻ˿ݣԹ˿˵˾䣺һзʹĲǾ̫ˣȥú
ǣʦ˿ͷӹҶĶؼ͸ȥˡ
˿ûӰӣҶĿ˿Щ⾢ģεҡҡͷӡҲǸʡĵĲ磡


052 ۵Ĵ㣿
˿ѧϰƣԺŹȥҷ鷳Ҷ;ÿֻ֣ԼΪʦЩԼͽܵƾ˵Ҳʵ˵㣬ҶѰ˼ԼҪҪҲƣ
û챦ƻʲôЧ
ڷֻ챦Ӧ÷ΧԽԽˣԺͺܶ๦ʹãĵʱ뷨ʱͺǱӵ˵˾䣺ԭалơ
Ҷ֪ǲû챦ʹԭǺǿģȴҶĴΪͬ
ҵ˼ǣÿһжԸʹõھͬͬ
Ŷ
Ȥ½עҶϣֻҶĵһз֣ҿû챦ʮ־ʮֲͬЧķ
ʹķ֣Ƿͻ̣ҲΪЩڵԲϾǰ̱лĿЧͬʱ̾ķʹƾҲصġ
õϼʹأǷͱϼ⣬ƾи𣬿ڻȻֻҶÿŵ˵ġ
֮ʮ쾢ȫԸЧںϵһƷȥ
һĻ͵ʹû챦ʲô𣿡
һ仰Ҷסˣû⡪Ϊλ챦ֻǵڹķûʽʽҲô࣬ЩʽΪʹһķ仯
ǰû̫ϸЩ飬еһ仰ʶ챦ص㡪Ҫʽ
챦Ժκʽ˵ǿͨԣ˵ǿںԣΪ챦Խʹκεһʽһ֣ոҶ˵ƣҶİȥƣôĻᱻʹһ׻ơ
ǻơֻǻ챦ˣѾƳ׵˹ϵƵһжɻ챦ģƵϵǱȽƵĹӰЧ
ԭнơûд
ͨһ㣬ҶҲû˼ȥĵʲôˡϾǻƻǻа׶ǻ챦ԼȫûҪ䵥ķѳ͵һŹȥҲͺˡ
ȥãȫԸݵʱı仯Ӧ䣬ʺּʽ书ˡ
Ϊһ㣬ҶƶûȥˣΪʱ仹úһ»챦ǿԽ챦о͸ôΪֻˮɵ顣
ʽʮơơȵ㹻ˣοԴʱʱһЩϡŹֵȫûҪΪһƷȥķѾȻ㹻ľȥķѡ
ңʮֻоӦжûʲôԵĹŸʺ챦Լ书ϻ챦ľܹӳݱһ书
Ҷ˼Լ书ʱͥУһӸ߸ϵţվŵǸˡһͥٷޣüļһĿԼĪʮģ͸һ֮
٣̽õʵ
޵ײ٣ֻշʱȣְλȻû䣬ְȨȴ˲١
˾֮⣬񻹲뵽һЩӰ˵鵱ȥٲȻ۵۱ǰյһЩ֡
ǧ̽õϢ΢ǰ̽飬Ӧ󣡡һ߻رһ߰Կϧ˳ûսܻ̽ʵϢֻܿһЩ󣬲Ǳ߾˵ʲô
һоһƬţе˭ƸԵ顣
΢΢ͷĿк޽ֻ࣬ǴżתвſԵ֪λײ˼ʲô顣
ۼֱһڷģȻһ۵ĵԵׯأֻǱ顭Ӧ˵ÿͥڳʱڣеٹܵסԼߣ֪ʲôȥԲû۵

ԭٽۣľǰЩӣ½ðɽƺһЩӴֻӴôѺãʱǧֻǰĴѲӣͿǳķ⡪ɢġ
ƫǸеĵطǧ۾ͷǳصһֱĿͣ۲̬ķչ
˵ͷβҶĺͿ֮ĽֶλԹȻڿҶ򽣾֮ǧ̾ͽ鱨١
Ȼô£ΪǱ̫УٻСĽȥȷϣҪŪ׵ľǸðͷɽɺǹһ˵˳ͻҶĵıȶеľܿοǧۣ
ͥʲôӰ죿ͬʱֻʲôӦڼ֮ҪЩͨͨͷͼææϱ֪ˡ
ֶ֪ˣ
ʵ֪ûУϾ֮أ﷢Ӧ֪
Ѿȥ֪ͨ
˵ģ
뵽Ҳһƣŵ˻رʱ꯸û鵱£ֻǺƽĵ˾䣺֪ˣˣҲû˵Ҫô׼δҲûʲô֮ŵ˾͸˻鱨١
꯵̬Ҳͷԣֻܾʵرֻ˵˾֪ˣȻȫȻ£
۵ûо⣬Ц
۵죬Ҳλ֮ͥôô˽⣬һ飬ۿ϶ɽɾôһٲ˵ģɽʲôᣬۻǳɴĽ
֮ͥ俴ͺģΪһֱԼҵĴУ͸Լ̵Ļᣬ˽Ѿӿˣ
˫Ҳǿάôһ棬ָͻ˺ƤĿսʱһǣ鶼Ǻеġ
Ҫǣɽƺһ˹Ůӻȥǧ۵Ĺ۲죬Ůӽɽ֮ûгǧ۵޷͸ǾݴҲΪȣһողŵɽɣȻܹôǿƣɼɲһ㣬Ҫ˵ûеʲôܣٵһͲš
ֻɽɣҲΪ꯵Ĺϵ̬Ȳͥ˶ɽȻΪ棬ȴ޷Ķ֡
ȻҲ˵ͥٹٶɽûкøУֻڲ˽һּɵٱԹȥ̽̽ɽɵĵϸ˼ƺûϷˣ
ڴʱͻȻϴǰƥ˹ս£ʲôʱˣ
ٲôͻȻǰƥ˹ȥˣǹĵѾһٶʮ꣡
Ŷһٶʮ˰
۸̾һһδսͥ۽ٽ춼սǳսУȻ඼ûʲôְҲߵеͼ죬۾Ϊۡͥ⼸ǧԽԽ٣ٶԶԶĵٶȣ
ˣɽܹ˿ôΪΣ
Ҳ֪ôشֻǸǧжϵĻҶĵʵӦǲģǸʹɽǺ˼ɵȷм͡
Ͼֲֻƾһ˽˵ӣֻõ׼ۣ
ǺǺǣ㻹ӰƺϵٻشҲû̫⣬ԣɽſԴԬ飬Ԭ´󽫣ʵףɼɽŵʵҲǲģ
پеΣ۵˼άʵ̫Ծˣһһ䣬ղŻ˵ƥ˹ͥսأ⻰ͷһת̾ͳҶĵʵˡ
ҶܹԬ飬ͥȴ֪۴ʱ˵ҲΪԾҪתһ룬ɽſڿʵȻǲ̫ԬȻҲΪ桪ԬʵȻǿᣬΪƣʵ
Ͷ֮Ϊ޷ͨþսʵķǳ졪ȫɫĴеĿĿȸӦ꯵ʵҲǷǳ죬ܻмܲסĽ
ǷһսĳΪôԲǲĶͥ΢һǺҲܳͥߵ뱻ˡڼȱ˲ţͿһ˳š
ôһĻ꯺۶Ƚעɽɵͦ飬ϾҪǲȶܾͥܿʹ㸲
ֻǡٻ벻ЩҶĵʵʲôϵˣѲۺҪɽҶ֮ͥУ߸ɴͽҶĵɽձ࣬ΪפһǿĲӣ
ѵΪɣŻҶĵʵ
һ뵽ʲ۲Լѯƥ˹֮ս˶ãٽ齥ˣͥ˭ǰƥ˹ɽΪάʵͬʱʵҲҲҪʲô飬еķţϲǲƣÿȻһս
Ҫһﲻϲ򣬾ϲҲ֪ǲǵõʲôô
ƥ˹ɽս£ͬʱֲͣĹעɽɵʵôĽ;ɽǷԵֵסһʵĹ
˵Ҫ飿
ҪԸ˭ĪҪɽɶס磬Ȼƥ˹ɽ󻼣
ʼʱٱȽֿܣе㲻ԣǾﲻԾȴ˵
ڴʱͻȻڣ٣޵ּɽһ˰ɣ
ǣ
ֻʶĿӦȴ۽ԼȥɽҪЩʲôֻÿѯʣ֪΢ǰҪ
ʱȻ΢΢̧ͷ淢Ҳ񷶥ϵͼ˵ʲô˼ĶȻ۾Ȳգֻôĳ
£
ҲûʲôֻǴ޹ȥưˣϾ㿴صɣչһЩر֮ɣֻ⻰ֻм£Ҫٹȥʲôʵ飬˵һ
ȴⷬˣҪԼȥһƾҪԼɽɵʵһǳϸȻʹжϳԭǷǷС
ϸһɽɵʵӦòǿҶĵʵףԬȼ磬վֻǸոշɽ˰ˣʵ֪ɶһοжĸ֣
˵Ŀ֮⣬вΪ׵ԼһƱ޺ߡƥ˹ɽİޡ߯˹ҲǺöԸοǸƥ˹ϲԳԼֵܶǳǿᡣ
κһԶԸҶˣɽɳҶģõĳֵⶼֵûɵġ
뵽뵽һܣĪǡǴ˧ͷģĻͥ׼дˣ
͵͵̧£ɴ񷶥ǸӣʵѰ˼ʲôƻԽپԽû


053 Ԫֻ5
֮ĶԻûб֪Լ֪֮һλԼľ˾˹ϵôõڹȴְܾΪͥޣȫԽ۵ĳɼһԣȻȥһЩ顣
Ĳ²⣬֮ڶͥǰΪʹڣɽһУ
ʲô鲢û˵ȴһ㣬ܸɴĽ½ǰɽ֪ͨһԼ򵥵ʰһ£˳׼
ʱҶĻרĵУµͫǻ챦û۷Ľ׶ΣϽǿУҶҲ֪ԼʵĲ뾡Լʵ
Ȳ˵ԶģȳΪɰɣ
ȻҶĵսֻΪһȼ˵ȥÿϾҶĻɽɣɽȥӵɶûУһЩЦ
ڶæƽﶼûʲôӵ߶ֻЩĴѲӵĵӣҶҲʼֹɶҿ
ʱķǳڷܣɽĻʹڵӵΪԪĹĹƣǵΪķǳ١
Ԫ棬ʱ򼸺ʲôƿʱ򣬱ǹؿĲֶΪԪֱӳ˹ȥֻҪͷҲͺˡ
Ԫǽһ⣺ԭĻʱҲҪСĽȵ¾𣬿ԪȴڲͣǵԼǿȣõӵ˳Ŀܡ
ʱ䳤ˣȻҪ࣬ͬʱԪܹǿȵõһȻʱֿԼӳĸ죡
ɽɵǵ֮·ΪҶĵŹʼѭ
ЩֻͨǣͨȻûи̬ζôֲٶȣһĵҲ̫Զˡ
Ҷĵ⼸״ӣǵֹۡ
ȣǰʱ䣬Ϊ鶼˲֮󣬾ͱҶ˼ѾԪĲˣûô˥ϵֵõʵһС๦ϻͯòȻһЩʮһ㡣
Ǳϵı仯ڲı仯ӿ͹ۣʱҽͻᾪȵķľǶʮͷӣԲǽѪʢǿǰΪòҲᣬȴҲӣ񾭹һʱǱޣȻôı仯ԼˣҲǴΪԾ
ʦŹŲû뵽Ȼô
ʦչ˼ûʲôԹԣϾԼɽڲһʵֻ˽ͷѾܲˣο㲻ͷҲӦúúһʱ䣬αչ˼㲻ʲôʹ
ҶĸµǸͻƵɲ׼أҲ⣬ʱʶҪ˶ԼͻƵ֮ˣΪɽԪ̫ԣҲмʮۣ»ͻƣôֱˣ
ܷ˳ͻƣҶҲôģڳɾУԶԶأǼӶȺͻƣοɾУĵӸ㹻񣬶˵ͻƲˮɵ顣
µļӣȻҪ࣡ӵΪһֱȲʱ۲óĽۣҶΪûɽ磬ٸһʱĻпܻƾԼŬա
ڹ˵ƿڣֻҪԼϰУôͿ϶õ޼ϣӵ˼£ɽɳ˼ҵģ˭ûй˳Լ١
ϸ룬ѹأǰڣЩż֮󣬹ʵͿʼֱͣ
µԪ֮󣬹ú̵ܶʱ˶ĴڵҪľǵȴÿյȴˮɵһ졣
ţͲˣ
ÿ˼֮ҶҲ˳¹ȣֹܻͻƵɣûֱӸ߹ֻȥ
Ȼ˽Լʦû̸¡
һУҲҪ˼Щӵ飬˼ҲҪĶ࣬Ǵ޼Ȼ죡ȴǱɽɵ˼ʮꡭ
ҶĲҲʵɽɵ飬ҲΪǿҲƾԼŬֱͻƾݶǰҶžۣ
Щֻǲ²⣬ȻѾˣǾ취ֲ⼸ʮɣ
ôͶأ
ϹڵԽ̵صڳɾܣڵһЩϡŹֵĶһԵĶ˻ͶĶˣ
ɾôҲһɾҲвŵرȻɽ㲻ʲôöɽ˵ѾǰЩϹͱ˲١ܲǰܲĸԪ֮Ѿ˲١
ʦԪȻ˽ĹЧһ㵹⣬ôҲϰһպԽʲôˣҲֻʦˣ
ҶЦЦû˵ʵԪЧԼе⣬Ч˾澭е׽͹ƪĪײ׽͹ƪɽկˣ
ǲΪһֱûٻ澭Ҳ޷жϣɽƺҲҪ澭ˣ׽͹ƪҶҲǺеҪ׽͹ƪƺҲûǿȵЧעԼˡ
ԶˣϹ͵Ϊõ˼ĸƣѾǸģЩͷƺ»ָഺһͷЩӻҪ㣬ֻûרĵĻȥˡҲܽļʮʱ䲹ϣôûжӺû
ϹǱҲҪҶ̫ģͽȶңԼһӺ˵еһΣרĽ̵ϹͣǬѾ׼ã͵Ϲͻ˵Ϊ㼴ʼϰˡ
ʣµģңͲ˵ˣæѧϰСʳƷԴҶõ󼦵ҩ֮ңҶļΣҶϾٻһҩ
ֻʹ˺ٵĹεõṉ̀һƽĵҩЧȶԼΪģ඼ҩʲôŵرʹãǴ޾Ҳ䷽ʾֵҩȻƽɽܹƵĺõȴҲûмңԵҲȫô
ܹ̱Ƶľ죬ֻƾֵҩҲ￪һˣ
ɽϡŹֵĶʵ٣ʿڶ࣬һЩҵЩϡŹֵĲҩ֮󣬶ȥŪһЩرôĵҩԼЩŵر̱֮һ
Ҷ֪֮漴ͽңרƹ̱󼦵ҪŪˣȰζҩо͸˵
ңҩˣȴɽ˳һ㲻󼦵ˣ
ȻңŻʼͨ󼦵˲Ҷڳ±󵰡͵еû䣬˴ҶԵеˡ
ֻңִ˲ƣڣǲõ˽ѡ˶û뵽ңν̱ĲָĶһÿжһȵ

ңڽ˻һҶֻѡӣƾȥˣҺң˳һЩȽͨḺ́ȻӶƷɲ⣬ҶΪ̱ѾƳɹԺֻҪӵͿԡ
ôɹأⵤҩζֱޱȣĵҩڣʦֻҪٸһµʱ䣬ӶȻζḺ́˵ջǵȵӣʵҾȵ̱Ͼͺܲϧڱ棬һֱӽǵװƿ
ɣ
εҡҡͷҶĴӵҩ˳ǡ˴ŽǼҩʦк󣬴µѯңƵ˵ѧϰ
õĴҶĺλʳ֮ˣѾûʲôԽ̵ˣԺᵽʲô̶ȣҪԼˡʵѵ֮ߣƽǡ
˵Ȼ뵽ǰվŵ˼ҵʦԷû˵ʲôԼҲöԣԸæס˿ڣǸһЦˣ
ҶȻҪ˵ʲôֻңϲڣܲǿӲ׼ɣοңͲϲҩҩҲԼǿµԡɣ
ǻƣΪȻʲôĵطҶĶΪܹڶʱͻƵɾ磬ԣΨһ鷳ľΪʼôǲǴŻƾѧɣҲԽԼѧȥ
ָֻƵʹãԽ׵֪ʶúõļ̳УͬʱܹΪɼܱ֤ɽɵĵҩչ
һȦҶĵ˲ȴûӰϹͲҲͰˣҲûˣ
һҲͻȥˣʱ䶼ˣΪҲԸΪ̫ٲŬĻ˷ҶĽɽĺ⣬ʱһֱŬС
ϲûʲô飬Ȼȥˣ
֪ʲô֮ҶҲûٶˣȥ˿쳤Լɺ⼸С쳤ĺ࣬ٹһʱͻѰӲˡ
ɺҲĳɳҩĴһһ仯
ĹĵǲôԣҲڿɽܷΧڣҶΪĻĲãԽȥѰ°ѻι̣Ȼٿʼ
ԶԶĲſǸԺӣҶľĺ֣֮ӢһɤſɹģԶҶĶʲô
ǸԪ50ļһұŲһŲ
ϣǱǸԪߴŮ̧½ţȵˣ
ţ˹ˣԪֻ5Ȼôļҡʦ
˸ո߽˾ȻԼʦʱ֣ӢͻȻסɤһԭҪ˵Ļ˻ȥȻһεĳҶ
ʲôأ
ҶһͿ֣Ӣ۾ϹһƬ۾۾ֻڵסһ۾ʽǳ졣
ûʲôǰ½һС飡
˵Żͬʱ۾ϴŵĶȡΪûͷڵչֳȫò֮Ҷһ¾ϳʲô
⡭ⲻǡ
֣ӢεЦЦֻưˣʵʹкܴͬģ˵⻰ͬʱ˳һֵָ£һֱǸȡĶ
̽ÿ˵ԪǿȣҶ֣Ӣղ˵ĻͻȻҪģⶫÿɾʹȥˣѰЩŵرҪ㲻١
ҲǺ׼ȷղ̽ʦʱͳ˲֣Ӣû뵽ԼʦʾľȻ5Ҳ̫Цˣ
Ҷû˵ֻǵͷ˿ͻȻʵ1Ԫʲô
ȴ֣ӢشģǸպùĴ޾شģԼһҪԪ


054 ˮ
һףʵò̫ԪɽЩŵӣֻҪѧʹãҲȫʹó
ֻǱȽСģȥĻҲ죬Чûʲô̫ɱֵ̽׼
Ŷ
Ŵ޾٩٩̸ҶһֱûвڣֻǵͷŪɳȴҶĵĶ
Ϊʲôôߣ
޾ɫеѿһ㾽ȣԼʼûܹ̽Ҳʵʵʵ˵ΪôСȴҪôӵ㣬ûкʵԴֻýϲܱ֤С

Ҷףǵԭǵߣô˵̽㲻ˣû˷Юһ֮
ǴµĴӴ޾˽⵽ͨ̽ϵ۶Էʵ
һ˵Ԫֵһ֮˾ǵϵˮƽˣ
ܵʱҶղʱ֣Ӣ˵Ǿ䣺ԪߴŮԾָǸһվŵᣬʵȷѾﵽ˵Ϊ
ﵽϵֵôûĻΪˡĿǰ̽̽ⲻɣ
ŶҶе棬ոջ֣Ӣ⿴ԼǴ˵еİս٣
Ϊ᲻ɣֱӱ޾ʼѾˣֻǸʵƷëҲ
򵥵˵ⶫûã
ֻ̽ɵʵҼǵҲ̽ĿܣôⶫûʲôƹˡϾϵĲɽͨʿǸûôĶԴȥѡ
޾ɦɦգҲô˵ֻҪܹԴôȫȥѰһЩŵرʯ֮ĶΪЩŵرԪľۺ̽ǿѰҵģ
˵ҲҶʣֱӵʵҴӵ˼ϧԺܶණ˽⣬ͽŪΣ
޾Ʒʲôĺó̽вٹҵƼԼרҵļоһŪױ㽫뷨ŵһԣ׼ڣû뵽ɽˣֽ뷨˳
Ϊܹ̽ɹôŽٴһʵ׵Ĺɽеĵλ
һ£еʿڿԼһЩ˵ѰŵرʱŵĵѾƾ̽ĴЩԪӦĶռ˻ŵʵôˣ
ֻôɽɷһ룬Ͼɽɵĳֲֵ̽Ĺؼأû֣ӢõЩҵ֪ʶ޾ƾḻ֪ʶȫͬһ̽ǲ֪ҪķѶ꣬޾ĳʱ䡣
ԣһʼ̽ΪѰŵرģ
û
޾Ļشǳ϶Ϊȷһʼû׼ԭе;̽Ϊж϶ʵǿ΢еΪʿܹȫòܣֻѰŵرһϣʿȷʵ̽ķ㡣
⻹Ҫ漰һ⣺ŵرɣĻΪһ壬ɢǳŨʲô󣬷ѱ֡ΪȴкŨصӡǣԱȽ׵ĸо
֪̽;ĿģҶľͲκЩˣϾⶫҪˣôɽҲǺ£ɽȱŵرһЩ취Ĳأ˵ɽɱŸҪ
µѯһ£̽ԹҵƼΪ壬ҪĶԴĿǰɽΨһܹŪĵ
ҶĽ̽Ӧ仯Ƕ档
øʲô󷨽Դ⣬ô̽̾ͿͶʹˣ޾뷨ҶĵĽ鵹ǼΪһ£ֻҪɲ٣ȾǺʵ󷨣ҪС޷ϣ󷨺ͿƼĽһ
ǾǵˣҶ֣ӢҪͰ
뿪Ǽͷȥɣᣬû˵վ֣ǼûƿĿȴҶסȵЩʱѾͷܽ޾ļѧ˾ŲʮˣϾڵعרԵ׵֣۲һ
ȥ֮ǰ˳·ȥ˿˹ӵľѾȶȻʼ𾿼ˡ
տ˹Լ˵ֻҪܹɹôͿԳͻƺڶˣúºڶκεӰ죬ΪĴ£ĴѾǿᵽԳܺڶĳ̶ȡ
һ˳Ҳʵֱӿ۷壬̵羳硪ŪûΪɽɵһɡ
˹ҶĺܸˣͬʱҲ˽ȸУ
ͽܳɲʲô˵飬ÿ˹һɾ磬ţ
Իȥ֮ҶҲʼֻ˹ĿȥŬҶڵΪΡ
챦ȻûȫɣʮķѾˣҪ˵ûɵľֻеʮ棬ƫƫҪɣҪǰŲڻ֮ͨǰʼ޷߾硣
ôһҶľֻƵĲǰŲķһĺʱĻҲʲôʱܹɹ
֪Ҳɫˣ
Ȼô˵ҶҲܷһɫο˹ڵȻãǽڶ֮ҲһεûпˣֻĶѻ
챦һʱ֮ȴҶ̫ƣΪɲһʵķţͫĿǰûգǿ˳գʵɿһΡ
챦ͫʽҲȽϼ򵥣
ħѪȡҶֿʼеľ⽣ϵԹѾĲˣֻҪһ֣Ȼٽɽȥ׺ħ㳹׵ĻȥͬʱһֱþħѪ񽣶˫ͫҲɡ
ҶĵУƬ̼߲⣬䶼Ĺ⻪УվԺӵУҲܹӴ͸Ĺâ
ԺĵӸо֮һ¾ջĿ⣬㾰ЩѾֲˣ˶ʦֻǽƺƽ⻪ҫ۶Ŀ߲ƺҲ
ǻûüȥȷһ£ֻһӻŵ˹ȻֱҶԺǰԿصĵӵʦʱڣ
ڣ˻ָָԺе߲ʹ⻪ʦʱˣʲôҪ£
ɽԴɽ֮󣬼ûʲô飬ҲûʲôãӵӵԵúżĪڷʲô£
ֱӵʲɽǱ˼ˣ˵ͥģΪһԳͥˮ깫
ͥˣ
깫ͷˮְλʲôɽûãһ˵ͥˣɽЩӾͲòضԴˡ
οûã˸ϵ˵ǹʦ棨Сļ˹»һʦ棩֪ͥˣϻɽ
ôһɵӶ֪鵡ãκҶҲҽȥţҲϢת˳̷ԸȽ˵
һתѩ˶˳ž׼ȥӭӣתһȦеӸҶѾȥӭȥˡ
ʦˣ
ǱȽ׽ѩҶĵ͵ʦǶͫȻʱܴţ˫ͫܣɽ·ʲô鶼Ӳ˫۾ͥһʦ־֪ˣʱ˹
Ŷ
Ҷ˫ͫʲôãͲû̫עֻ֪Ҷ۾߲ʰ쵵ĺ͸һҿԴð⣬ʲôȴ
ԭЩ״һԹ۲ķ
аһǹ㣬ҪҲһԳ
ͬʱѩһǰȥҶĴʱк깫
ʦ㡭깫
깫ΣֲС˵ҲǱģȻ˺ܶɣǽؽ̡ʲôľǲڵĶ깫Ҳֻڷ֮ս˰ʿˣûôر𣡡
˵ô˵ˣ깫
ʦֳˣѩҲٶԣǻһ²ӣҲ깫Ȥ
깫ǲǱɵģԭ¹ע
һ·УʱͽУĿⶼҪȥƣһУͼһԼĪʮĿУһΪصޣͬʱȻУȴûдͷǴһ̽𷢹ڡ΢Цһ֮УʱҶĵĺǿġ
һ˽Ҷ̾Ͷǽ꽫λ·ˡλʦͣ
һе깫ȻǰֻһʿϾְͥλһȻҪС
깫ͥ˱Ϊ˻ǳư깫ȻȻһһɽ˼
ֵѩһңæ񣺡꽫̫ˣ
깫һЦλ̫˲ǣ
˺˼֮󣬷ֱʱҶĲ˵⣺꽫˷ͥǰΪ£
⻰һ͵˲øղҶ깫ȻĵĿģһֱûᵽ⣬ǵǼˡ
ʱ޲䣬Ҫ깫˵ֻ깫ӣϵЦҲ΢΢ȥ˼֣ǰȴкͥ˷ǰ۲ɵʹȴǱˣ
һ깫ǰкȷ棬ͥʹˣ˷֪ͨɽһǰ׼ˣ
Ͼͥʹ鲻С£һСͥϣǰ׼ҲӦġ
ãʹǡ
ǾӦԪջ𣡡
һ󴮷űҶľ;ԴһȦûͽְǵοְĳƺôϳÿԱͣʦܿǳĹĿҪͥԱ¼һ̾͵Ҷģ̫ʦ
ٷǰҲʿ̫ʦֻǲС˵̫ʦ̫ʦ֮ģͶҲΪϲģû뵽ͥˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾˣ깫֪ɻˣ
ûˣ˴ǰֻ𣡡
ǲãͥʹΪʲôеͥʲô˼ΨһܲµĿܾҪɽɾжʵ˵ɽƾʲôܹ꯿أ
΢еε깫ҡҡͷ⡭Ӧֻеǰˣ
ŶҶû뵽깫˵ôһĪɽɳͥǰ
ϵģ깫Ȼ˵ͷûһɽͥ˳ʹҲڶ޳һˣôѾˣ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ôһ£ϸȴ֣ΪЩɼҲʵĻͥҲͷ֣ʾҲ
һûʲôɽܹǵλײǰ˵ûʲôè壬ζţ
ǼҶɫдһ˿ɣ깫ȻǸɴ˵ҲɵλйءȻҶʲôѣʱҲԽһ
ⷬһҶĲûоøˣԽϾ


055 ͺôģ
ɲҶĵɫѿΪ깫һ仰͸¶ϢҶ뵽˸Ŀܡ
׻˵ĺãڣǼ鼴
Ҷɽɻûǿ󵽿۶֮ĵزǽ깫ԵĻ͸¶һѶϢǾ۶ɽɷǳأɽɽһЩ鷳ɽɿ˳ķչ
Ϊʲô
һʼʱҶеͷԣΪĪԼìܣ֪꯿ɽ֮󣬾Ҫɽ£ȥ˵ǼɵӵأǰӦԴʩ߷ɽɣ
;뷨̫ˣϾͥ˵ɽɸͲֵȥ߷вɵ͵ìܣô취ɽɲ򵥵ѡ񡪡Ҷţͥ㹻ʵ꯲֪ɽɸ
һԭļ²ȫҶֻܴǶȥ⣬һ깫гһЩӪĻ⣬ҶһҪ깫Ļ̽ѰһЩ˿
깫˼ȻǴͥģҲ֪ǳʲôĿģĶ͸¶һЩѶϢ
ǰΪҶѾԿ϶깫ǹΪ֮ǲС˵¶죬Ҷĸ״ˡ
ȵ깫˵һ󣬾ֱȥϢ֮ҶĻԶûŲֺͷתͣͷ˼ģ͵˸ҿڴţֻһš
ͥʲô˼
˰죬ʼûͷҶֻۣһԼʦֳ࣬ʦֺαᣬˮҲˣ
ҶĿЦһôף
תһ룬˵ҲδûеͥҪʲôıƣɽζмܲ
Ŀǰͥ꯶ɽãȻ벻ͼΪΣôȺúܹõĺôרĽչǿ
ֻҪʵȥˣôҲصͥʲôıˣϾھԵʵǰһıƶǸư
ϧڵɽɺ֮ͥȻǿǿһȴͥɽɣ״Ҷĺͷۡ
ͥҪı᲻㹻ʱ䣡
ѩ㣺ٹ£ɽɾֶ༸ˣңǼʵҲ̫ֻĿǰȱɼĸֳų棬ʦܹͻƣôѵʱӦҲҪɵĶࡣ
Ҷĺγѩ˵飬⼸ղΪԵɲŬôֻû뵽Լʵû٣ͥǱ߾ˡֻΪˡ졯ƾʲôıҲõ𿼲ϣȥһ֮Żʵʩ
ôȵ֮˵Եİɣ
һ飬ʲôûֻܸɢȥȴٵĵ
֮پżײСԼʿɽų󣬿ȥҶĳĿţǷȷǲ
ֻһվҪԼţԶҶľܹƾо֪˾ԼڵȵˣϵĴŲеһЩСĻ٣ɢƣʵڽԺӡ
ȻٵΪߣҶļһоƳٵʵԼɽбλǿҲмҶȴ˿СˣĶĻҶҲ˵һܹλ
ɽҶģͥǰӭӣ
˵ӭӣʵҲͥȺ˴ɽ֮ɿŵĵ֮ҶĲżǰ˸ӭӵļơ
ҶĿֻɽȻɽ磬ͥ㲻̫Ĺϵ˵ɽɣɽԴ̬ͥʵࡪ͸һ˶٣ϷͥΪͳ֧ͥɽͳΡ
ͥɼ֮ôһϵҶȻܼͥɵҲûҪһµ̬
ѾһЩɽ糣ʶҶҲǳϲҪֻǼͥʹߣ͵¹ߵͷʲôʲôûûˣĻɽɽɰᵽȥܲЩҿɽûô⣬һЩȽǿƵɣͥʹߣҲǴƵһڲףöЩŹСġ
ҶĺϣԼҲԵõִҪŬ
ȽϿĵǣٶҶӭ˳̾ͽ˼ȭʩ񣺡Ҷţ٣ƹͥײǰǴͥġ˵նһ£Ȼ»һȦƺڴɽɣҶʲôѴǣֻҪܼģһɽ
ҶһֻЦЦȻǰУȴѹ깫˵ʱ͸¶ЩϢԭЩûң
깫˵ҶĻΪˮԼʲôͷҲô˵ҶľֻΪǶԷͲԼܹµĿģ˼Ҿ׼˾ɽ֪ˣҲֻܹԹԵͦţ˭ʵأ
ָоҶкٵʱȻɣ˵϶ٻе仯
ȻĳҲΪ⣬ֻҶ̸һһ˵ĺòģ֪Ļλδ֪ѣȻºѲͣ
ֻɽɵļҶĸӰˣԼλѾͲһȺ˸Ͻˡ
ϧٵ˲ŵǵȷɽģȻһߣҶƬ̺󣬾ҪתתѯɽǷ߱Ʒҩ
лϹգҶĺܿע⵽ƺɽɵĻɽ󡪡ҶԾݶ߶ľݻɽ侫ǿͥҲСӡ
⻤ɽӣϧȴƽˣ
һߣһ̧ͷҶע⵽üĿգͣ͸λԼĿ۲Լ⻤ɽ
е̫ƽָͣɽɵֻܱķȫûзȻޱȣҪɽһǿУȴԵòãɽӵиǿ󷨣һЩ
ҶβԼȱֻǾݶ޷ȫҲݶ֮⻤ɽܹµı仯ֻܿˣҪıҲǲܡ
ʱҲֻӦһ䣺ͥĺƽСˣҲòǰǿ󷨣ֻҪܹסԼɽҲˣ
һ˵ĺɽլʺ񣬲޹ֻһĻɽ󣬶˵ɽѹûпɱеĴ󡣻ˣҲǲСԼɵͬʱŪȥ
ϧپ飬ܹ׷⣿˵õ󣬻ͷתתȥתϣ߼֮أȥǰƥ˹壬ȥǿɶͥ£һؽ֮ޱȣɻСһЩĺã
ͥãܻ˵϶ǰƥ˹ָձͥˣһʱҲزԲҪ̫ģ
ǰƥ˹սޱȣǧʱʱҪͥһҶɽǡôսΧ֮ڣ⡭
仰䶼ɽӦҶһͥڴʲôˡ
Ⱥһڹ۲챾ܷסĳĽ
˵ҶԴ벻ԵɣʵǴһʼûⷽȥ룡һֱΪһǰ꯵ĴӦ˵ӣԼɽɼ뵽սµУҲһ͵Ľɫ
ս¸ǰڰݱȽҪĽɫˣҲɽ˵ӡҲȷ沿Ӱˡ
⻰ﻰ͸¶ϢҪɽɵмһһоڲͥɴæ˼
ѵͥ赶ɱˣ
׹ͥƺҲûбҪôԼϾɽͥûʲôûʲô˽˳Թ۷Ϊ
ԣΨһĽ;ͥҪܱߵĳˣ꯿ܻΪͥӵߣ֮ػһʱڱúܴɽܷһסͥļƻܷɹ
ҲͥǴɽڻңȫɸҲҪֵɵĳһˣȻٻؾԮ
ؼĲһף类ĺӵ˲䱻ͨһ˼·̶µĺˮǰ㲻ͣðҶ˲۴ʲô⡣
Īͥƥ˹ڵĲ䷳׼ˣ
ĻʹҶҪƾһܷ֮ĽǿǵһֱҪչ޶ãһǿ϶Լһɽɷɽܹмܵסô
ȸһ˾ԸɵҶģʲôģɽ̾͵ȫɸûʲôֵ
ͷϽð亹һԵȴƻֻɽдУһ·ĴżҶ˵ϼ仰ϼ⡣
ȵι˲ҩ֮ټɽھֻһЩѰҩݣɽõĵҩûС󼦵Ϊ㣬̱ͣңжٶǶҩݸֻһЩѰҩݡ
Ҳò׵ͱʾȥɵѴЩ˴һϺõĵҩ˳ṩһߣ
ϺõĵҩҶĵǲô⣡Ҷľһ𡪡Ҳ㽲Ȼɽڻҵ˼Ҳǲܲ˵֣ٻҪɽһЩôġ
ȻǲһͣǺôǺôɽɵȷҪЩҶȻûƵĵ
ɽõ߶ǺֲܴڵĶõĶֻѰƷͲʲôɽҪõ˼߳걸֮⣬ҲҪġ
ҶıļȥˣһЩҩݸʹãû뵽ͥڰͰ͵׼һȻǼõģҶĹֵлͬʱ濪ʼĥܲթһЩö
ιʱٵû˵ʲôɽǴԺװĵݺȤѯⶫܷͥаװ
ͥҹҹѰĵƻ򣬲ҪСĿҲԶⶫ
ָָǵݣԽԽǸö
Ҫ˵ͥУȻҹȱҹ˶õ˵ôȴľֻԼĸȼʹõѰĻ򣬶Ƕȷǰݷ㡣
֮⣬оûʲôˣٶΨһ۾ѯҶģιʹƷĵӲԱΪЩֵĶ
Ҷֻε˵ɲǿȥʲôΪ㹻ɲַܹӳЩǵ츳
һ˵ҲΪȴҶҲǷѾ˼ĽڰˣʵΪɽɵӸ첻õķǿɾڣȨˣ
ԺˣҶеǷȥƣȲٻɽկ۫ҶĻٻһʰ淭ӡͼֽأƷɽկ۫Ҫ࣬ҲҪƣҶѾǴȸ䱸˵


056 깫ļ
ӡֱԭȻãʰľֻһЧʯɺôȻͷҽ
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ҶĻ뵽䱸׻һԭǾǵһ֮ǰȱԶ빥ֶΡ
һ¶ִ򲻹ԼҵӣԶ÷һЩĥԼĵֻɵû֣һ˷һҲǻһⷽ
ҶʷӡĲ϶Ԥˣҵһ齫ƾõȻϵ⸱ͼɽɾͿԴһѶѵķ齫
ԺͲһһѶܰѶֶ
Ҷĵ뷨Ȼܺãɼһ򵥵ķɽҲû㹻ĲȥԼǰҶĽ˲ⷽ鷳Ҫȥ˵ֻһɽĲ϶ûУֱӾͱʾһЩЩҩʲôһ͵
ȴϣҲһЩ˵ͷġ
ȣûƳɷ֮ǰһѰ裬û̫ãܶռطȴô
ϾͲͬˣеҩ°ﶼܹṩһЩ洦һЩòϾһʱòҲˣҲɽҪĵҩҩҪ׵Ķ࣬ȴҶĸϣõԭȻԼƣһܹõ֣ǲʹȫҶҲʱõµҩأ
תһȦٻɽɵ˽˸࣬ɽɵǵʵһתҲŵƳ˵ߡ
˵ʵɽɵʵԤҪһ㣬תһȦ˺üɽӣǵɣΪǲң֣ӢԼҶһ·͡ѩˡ
ҶģȻҲֻǵɣǿԴ߳ǧɽķòâ˹ΪȻ˵㣬սȴǳǿᣬΪѾﵽһؼ׶ΣֻҪŬһ¾ܿһؿΪɣɽɵʵֵεġ
ͬʱҲɽɲٵӶڼͻƵĽ׶ΣҲΪ֣ٲŻʾɽṩĵҩҪҶľ콫ЩӵΪȥγսֻɽɲܴﵽͥҪ
Ÿָ˼ҹ֮پɽɸ䰲ŵķϢҶֱصԼҵԺ䵱С
ΪٵĵѩֹͣԼ¶ûȥָǻصסԺУҶһٵĵɽɴЩʲô
ĿǰٵĵɴĶǺôЩôĴʲôأҶĻûнԼķ˵ﲻҪԼѴ࣬ǼҲˣԵŮˣҲֻҪԼһͺˡ
ܼ򵥣Ҫɽɵͥڻң
ʱΧûˣҶͫ۲һȷû˿Լˣ˵Ҳû˹ǣοѾƳˣͥͲԼǵʵͼɽɲҲֻѡܣ
ȻҲѡ񲻽ܣĻɽΨһһ·̰Ǩ
µ˵Ů֮ѩǻ¶Եе㲻죬Ҳָ˰ڲӣٰͥǴ⣬Ҳġ
ѩֱӽ飺Ҫȫɰ˵ذɣ
룿ȥ
ɽôȥãǷ֮ؾͺãѩУɽޱȣҪҸڻףαطҪս֮رƣ
ҶĵҲܣѡˡɽһƬ½Ͼ󺣣Ȼൺ죬ȴûгƬĴ½ԼɽɴԷɵ֮ϣѰ
ʵʵ㹻ҸطͰңɽɽڴ֮Ҳһ԰ҡϴ󺣹ޱȣһȥѱ淽򣬵ǸɽԼڡ
ǽҪôˣɽɾûʲôܹصˣ
ϾϲֵģɽһȺڶɽϲȥΪҶףڵɽûĴҹʱûвԺûУɽɶҪɽɴ򽻵뵽統С
һ֮ôɽ绹ݵɽɣŸĲͥһشĻȨʵʵڵͥУҶܹ֤Լгֱ֮ӽͥƷĻ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷʵһ㣬ԸЩôΪܹɽɴ޴İǵɴڸٳɳ׶Σʱܹһ˼ʵȫں̵ܶʱھɽ֮ʵ࣡
ͺΣһȻϸߣҪ׬ǮȻǮҩװһȴҪЩȻһЩҪľһ˼
£Ǹ˾ܹƳ֮ľ̵ʱڱĨƽҶڴľôһ⡪ͥԴɽ
᲻еΣգ
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ΣҲʱųɽڲ⡣ҶҲԼҵЩӣϧЩ״ͱȽϤĵ⣬ˡɽѾйͽˣ˭ܱ֤һʱ䣬ʵ֮󲻻ٳһͽ
ΪȵڲĻң罫ҵעתƵⲿȻͨⲿѹʹǽһľʹһȥЭĽɽɷչ׳󡪡ȵɽ׳Ҷĵ˵ʵٴ֮󣬾ڲҲѸٵĽɱ
ҲҶĵ뷨е̫Сˣȥѡɽɵĺôȷ٣Ҳİõ·ȥ
ȻôҲ϶ɽɲ˶֮ͥǰԼΪһΣǸʱԼľ򽣾ɾͲֻóŻ˵廨ͷˡ
ֻҪԼʵܹ֤Լа취סȫɡʵ˵Ҳûʲô˵ģǾݶɽϿɲΪյĶԴԼۣͬʱҲΪ˱ɽɵɱС
ؼʱ̣ҶĴԽɽսУȻžݶ·򽣾Ӿݶ治˭ܹסֻҪɽɾͺѱ
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ѩǶЩûʲôȤֻһĵţһ䣺ͥ᲻ʦһõķ
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һҹ޻ڶ֮Ҷĺǵûȥ٣ҲûֻԹԵɽ
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Ҷͦ깫֮ͥûгɼңǰܿЩҪô׷ѰɵҪôǾܾŮӼֵƺϼҴڵģ֮Ҳûмɼҵġ
ŵ֪ˣ֮⣬ҶĻ벻˭
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칬
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ͥʱʱῪЩдԼһЩ֪ʿõĹϹ඼칬
Ҷһˣ칬ͺ˼ʵ۵ĺ԰ֻ࣬˼һʵ۵ĺ԰ľֻͣͥ˹⻹ֳһЩӵرЧ
깫ӣƾдݵŮɣô깫ºп۸ٰġ칬Ȼ۵ĺ԰Ȼ˭ܽġ깫ȻΪˮҲҴ칬
ȥ̸ʶŮ
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ϰڳһ깫еͬı飺ȻѾȢţΪ˻Ҫ칬жң
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Ҷһ㶣ͻȻ뵽ʲôƵʵ˵ģ
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Ҷı깫⼸仰Ŀɿڴԭһλǻ۵Ȼȡ֮һ㶵ĸɵϣ
ȥˣ仰һ˵ǵֱӽϳˣ


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ҶĴûͥ񽫣Ȼмͥ⣿
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깫Ǻˮн£оºˮеˬԼˮеҲǹɵĻԵд֮ˣվڴɽ֮ϣҲƲɽĺմôһԵ
˵Ż׷һ䣺Ϊ棬ʦǶôԶһλܹɵˣȻ¼ѵһĿܣ
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ҶͻȻԼɽɺпܻƥ˹߷ΪУͥҲй¶һЩѶϢԼЩ׼Ҳȴ
絹ǲҪ̫ѯʣ봫˵еķ࣬ķ棬ȻһλЩǲµģƽＸӰ
ĿǰΪһѵ޺ߵȵȣҪɣͻĻӦҲһˣҪʱЩ¶ټķǲġ
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˹Ѿսְλսǰƥ˹ⷢսȷ󽫣ҶҲðƥ˹ɽ´νĻ˭սһְ
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һȺ˰ΪͳĴϽرɸѡľӣȻر࣬ʵҪǵҪǿһЩҺηΪѶԸ
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һսаƥ˹ɽֻʧһѶ˵ֻǳĹͥˮȴûڶûлع
Ϊһսھͺһûʲô𣡡
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ͥıβģ
½бȽϳɫˣ˵սɳĻתɣ깫ε̾˿֪ͥͨµ½缸ûʲôս£հҵĴ۾ͥԲһҲΣҪԴô򵥵ķսҵУľսȻͥıõ䡣
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οɵҲ˼䵱һ֣ʲôսˣЩԼȴ
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Ҫô߾·ߣ뷨跨ÿһʵһӵһʮʵôսʱ򼴱ûôԴҲʲô⡣
ķӾǿԴҶľõһͦõѡΪʲô粻ԴǱȥأȻ񽫿ԴӵѰңԴҲһ
ʵҲǹˣȥͥͻĽ¸ж˵깫һƣ͵͵Ҷĵʵۻ׼ϵһǽԼƹܵΪԴ繱׳
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ҲƾԼһͷ綼Χһǡתֱһǿߡ
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һɽɻƵģϢҶĴΪԾԭɽеĸŸɻһڵ
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һͥռⶫޡҲǺġ
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ȻҲУ깫ָָ棺ǱмҾǡ
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򵥵һ£Ƿ֮սǵϵʿһκڲͳս齨ͥ
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һͷ깫׳һըʵϵҲʿһˣ֮ǰҲ
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ǧܹɽԽԽˣĸ綼һˣ깫пһ䣺Щ磬ҲôˣЩֻתھڿǽЩֻϵͥУЩΪսľ˳Ϊ
Ϣ˸ҶͥȷҪд֮⣬ɽɱûʲôһ̸ҶνɣʵҲô¶


058 ɽ
ԭɽһȺɺʲôģһȺӵǿ˰ˣ
ɽʱҶĻͦŨģԽƣԽҲô°ˣνҲΪΪһЩѰ˱Ƚ鲻ĹעˣҲǼ¡
ͥԼܷȥȿǵľǱ֤ͥĴڡϣῪʼǲӦһͥ
Ŀǰ˵ͥû̫ǿҵΪ㹻ͥȻռ˶ޣȴҲûȫⷽɾµûнһظƬƬĿû֮ǰͥûбҪš
ɼɣҪǵҲԼҵ飬һӴ޾Ͼܿĳλ«ƽһ˵ʲô飬ɽӣֱһѧˣյ֣Ӣʵ顣
֣Ӣˣ޾벻ĸЩʵ飬һɹݵ̬
ΪʲôΪŵ棿
ȥ׻ǵ㶫
Ҷ룬ԼڲҲôԼףǿ˱ˣԳһҶһһģ֮󣬾Ϣȥˡ
ļҶûȥ깫ٳģ˵鶼Ѿ˵ˣ깫ٿҲǾѾĲˣҪٺҶķϻ˵̫෴кô˴˼֮󣬾͹ͬȥͥȥˡ
Ҷã´ͥ˾ǸɽͶһһһͣǸʱҲ͵ɽɱͥս˳ƶ𣬻˵ͥġսԡ±һҳȫһʱɽɵıˡ
Ϊܹ̼ŬУҶֱӽԼļ״ӽеǰ򵥵ĽһЩƶ˵
һ˵֮󣬳ΪܷչصûеĵӶһϾ֮ɫ
ʵ۵ߵӸͲµ˼ʵ飬Ҷһ˵Լûв´ˣ̾͵ô˵ǲܾʵҲͥĳսʱֱӱ
Ҷûнɽɻıֶʵ˵Ҳ׼˵ȥѩԼ£׼ʵйκ֪
ĿģõǿԸܵ㹻ѹͷһԼʵ
û
˿϶Ĵ֮ڵȺɢȥԻظԵķ䣬ټԼĵӼһǻȥŬȥˡ
֣ӢңȴҶȽʷӡͼֽݸ֣ӢЩΪʦо齫ƵĹ죬ƳȽϼ򵥵ķӡȥоһ£ͥ͵ֿʼƣһЩɫĵ֮ã
ȴӿʼռռȫɣķʽˣ֣ӢҲûʲô˵ģǷӡͼʲôġ
ӹҶ³¼ͼֽһټİֽϻͼԱҲעƷҪ󷨣ÿһϸڶбʶ֣Ӣ֮Ϊʲôҵͼأ
һ֮Ҳͼֽ˸࣬ⷨҲѣҪĲҲȽͨͥǱߴӦĲо࣬¸ɽһһ齫ƶû⡣
֣ӢԼĽ飺ʦֻǱˣƺ̫ˣÿϿһЩķ໥ϻ𵽸Ч
һҶֻý鲻һԵңȴ˸߲ҵĵãʱ˶ԵУʲôϲԪһɫַ󣬲ЧͬǴ֣
ҶֻԴеΣңôʲô鶼Ժȥգ
ûüڣ֣Ӣ͵ʦҲ齫ƣǻԽĳ˿Ƶģһֶһ׷ô
ǲŪһƾų
Ҷľ˵ȥɽɾҪɽĳˣԼǳһ仰Ȼ¸Ũ֣ӢǶʷӡͼϸѰ˼Ӧ޸ĲܹͼֽϵһЩ֮齫ƾź˿ϡ
ҶĿ˼Ŀǰʦ̵أ˼Ҳõʦˣ˽顣
˻ʹ˼ɫһ˵ģǵҶĴŭǵҿôҵʹʲôɫ
⵽ǳ˵ͷһ֪˵ģû뵽Ҷĵһǣ˿һˣŪƾų˭ô棿

ԭʦǲƾŰûϵӿԽңٺЦ˼һ־óƾ˫𣡡
̣ҶĶͽҲûʲô취˵˵ǵҩˣ
֤óԡ

ңŶһֻùĻشṉ̀ѾʮƿˣҩݸУֻҪҪʱȡã
ָ̱ҩûǺܶģɽɼкö˳ؿʱЩ̱ҲǾȹסԼΪ
οҶѾʼʹ޾ſ̣ܹȻ̱ңͻֵܹҩҲܹΪɽɴһȡԴεˡ
µ˽һ֮Ҷľͻӻȥˣֻ֣Ӣڱʾʱ˰ǰо֮̽⣬˳оһǱǰ˵ǵǲô鷳ԵӾŴһ
˵ŻִӴ﷨гһ
ֻǱձģƵʽֱҲҪصĶ࣬ķ֮һĿб֤Ƶӵ㹻ǿƼЧ
֮⣬ֺձѡ˺ܼ򵥵ĽṹûŪʲô棬򵥵ƷÿһЩҶ´һ֮Ҳ⵶
ӵǱһ֮⣬ԭеĵһб仯
ŶҶֻ£ԼעԼеɫĹ⻪תƺҪҶĵĻӶ˳ƶҶĵĿˣҲ˦ȥˣһ
Կ϶֣Ӣ϶Լһ԰˳ɵĿǴԭѡһ
֣ӢҶƳԼ뷨ҲʲôףٺЦ£ǵǱ
ն£
뵽ղһӣǵϵĲͺնļһ޶ôҶҪǲסĻֱһɫܱ˦ȥ
ֻģ
ΪǸ˵һ̫ˣ֣ӢǳĻشһȫͷ⣺Ҳô˵ģҾͽʽˣ仯֮ͻնµģ˵ֱ⣬ĵûб仯
Ŷ֪Щ֮Ҷһ¾ûȤô⵶ҿǡ
֣Ӣͷ֮ŷ֣ȫûмõģֻ͵ʦˣ
ɽɴӶýģԺѰҷҲԷɽΪʣµĶȭƣǵǲⷨʽ϶ڵˣĻɽõľֻлغܹ͡ܣ
뵽ҶܹܵײµǡҲи֣Ϊʣ㼴˵ͷˣΪʦǡһѡϲûƷ
֣Ӣʦô˵֪ʦѡҶ͸ֱӽˣΪ˶ɽɻûʲôףЩŻὫˡ
֮⣬øʦķһԳ˫ģ
صõѪ˫նǡþƵʽֻǸһЩ֣ӢȻѾɽկնǵôһҲûصʵһЩ
ȵ֣ӢߺҶֻ˻ӣԼȻЩΧһЩŪɼԼԤϵҪǿһЩҲҶĹйأ˸ģҲôʹˡ
ȴҶ𵱳Լ澢˴ɽһΡ
նתͷſϣһ̬ļӷƣҲøղǾǰɣ
أԽͨ˵ļӷڳ˲˵˲ˣ죬ҶĲԼɵ
˵ΪɽޣҲǿһЩˣҲֻڵһ䣬Ҷȴûн䵱Ц뽫Сèɻɽޣ
Ȼ˼һɽ޶һЩȽǿĶҪôҪô룬ҲʨӻϻŪֻСèʵеǸʲôˡ
ҶУŹţơۼһֻСèȱ˵ʨϻ
ֻΪèļӷƣ䱾ƺȱȤ͵˵ܵĲӰδûӱԭ򡪡СĺܣñҶץû¡
һʱ⣬̰ů⣬˼ʱܵǡñҶץ˸ţʱӣȴԼѾҶסˡ
ҡͷԡᣡ
Ҫˣ
ץżӷƾֱãҶ̽һ¼ӷڵּӷڵľΪЩ겻ͣԵҩͼ͵ĲˣԭϵһЩȱҲѾ޲ȫҲû
ʲôأ
ԼͽܵǶˣǼӷʲô治ǶھĲֲͬĻܶڹӷƶǲġ
һʵľôȻҪôɫҪôǾ
ִӽָȡؼȻڼӷǰһҪĸ
ӷ󿴿ҿͣҡͷԶǺ⣡ҶĲ⣬һƣȻҡͷ
Ⱑ
׹ĹͬԾһϰ̾ͱ佡ӷƺܲϲӲļ⡪Ȼûбһ⣬˭üӷ֮
ؼҶѰ˼һԼؼǲ٣ܸӷãûм
˳һӷǰһ㿴ô
ؼϼ֣ʿѵޱȣҶؼ
ӷƣȻһ˼״ƺؼǺģֻ뵽ʲôǾþʿܿ۸ڶ̫Ұɰģҡҡͷ
ҶһԴߣ޲ֱӰèվ²֣ϾôˣСһﻹôԡ
ʿؼҶȡһһ˰ҪٲҾѡˣ
ⱾؼǣС
֮󣬼ӷƿʼǳΪһֻèȽϺãǳΪһֻʥèȽϸһЩ
һӷ̧ͷĿᶨĽצǱؼǰһָأ
ˣҶĿ˿еСèôѡĻС治ñԭǿɣ
ӷƸһǳĴ𰸣СһҶ뿪ϰ˼ȻҶľˣ
ɽûԭ⽣
èצò˽
Ǻ⣬ҶĻûҪǣҲֶ󣬼ӷܻܲΣ
ԣֻܿצ˵ļӷѡСƺҲ֮УСһﷴӦģЩû뵽
СֻһҳϾдţҪӵС棬ӵпԳСǿ壡ԣŬԼ°ɣ
Сӷƿһ֮һˮ


059 
ͥУѾ˵ѾԼžۣλ㰲վһԣĿбӣֻǶԼżǰһأʲôֵôȫעȥ۲졣
һԵ깫Ҳһ޶Ǹոձ״̬깫̤һͱ̬һֱٽ˵꣬Ҳûжֺʱ˽ܻὫ깫һޱȱĵܡ
ٵı֮ûеһʱ͸Լָʾֳ°ͣڿεķö˫Ŀƺûн࣬һ֪ڽ˼
һֱһʱ䣬ȿ˿ڡ
ô˵ɽĿǰʵرǿ
ǣ£ϾǸողɽûõɣɽɵʵرڣһλɶûУ
ҶĲɣһ֪ˣɽûĸ֣Ҷĵĳʲôģ
Ͼɽǵһɣ򼸸ǰʲôֵ顣
Щ֣ɽûɣôʵսҪΣȥɽɴգɽת˸飬ɽЩҲ˽ıȽԿ϶ĻظۣɽҶʵߣαҶĵʦͺˡ
ȻҶĵļӣңԼһп˹ʵߣ
ȴ⼸֮ʣµɽУȻмʵģڶʱȴֵùעٵ˼⼸ɽϣͻƵλҵˣɽӶʱûʲôϣġ
һɽҪܹ˳չĻʵҲ⼸һǵżôɽһ¾ͻüɣʵɽУҲϵˡ
Ҷıսͺǿ˳ɣսֱ꯵ɽ֪ĸ֣һǼϣɽȫƾһ֮סŻ
ٴҲȫǺϢڽɽбȽǿһЩ֮ײǿյ۱ɽгЩ֮⣬ûܹõóֵĵˡ
ɽд󲿷ֵɶû޳ɣаҶĵļ״ӣ΢ҲǷѽ⣬ΪһЩԭ򲻺ÿϸʣԡ
ɽɵӣʵΣ
Ѱ˼һ£εĵʵҲܲֻҪɽһЩʱ䣬д󲿷ֵӶܹɵǵżֻܷһǾͲǵʱˣ
۱ΪҲǼǿһ֮˹ɽڵеܣֻǼȻѾѡҲʱԣֻٽͰźõһЩɽȥסɽɳɳ
˵ǣٱǱȽϿɽɵǱģΪҪʮ꣬ɽɵʵܹһءȻǰȻͥһֱں֧ɽɣǿԺ޹˼ɵԱɵʵ
ȥŵһɽ͵ĵҩԼϵͬʱҶĶԼҺɽУŻɽѵγ̡
ƴһļӷϺƴһףֻ׾㲻ʣΪһƳɣþСһһ޴ʯ顣
ʯͷһĶ;ʯֱԼĪףҶĶߣϱ״򣬼ûйĿܣӷҪľʯҶĹ涨ʱһȦ
ֲǹ̶ģһţ涨ʱԽԽ٣ȦȴԽԽ࣬¼ӷο飬Ҳ޷ıҶĵľġ
ʱҶľͲһˣһ쳣ϸѱʦֻѱֻҰʵ̫С˵㣬ļӷƣһͷ˯˳㿴ֵİܶҪҪѱҰޡ
˼գͬѧı˼ӷƵĲСһȦǡͷǰʱֱӶ˯Ĵһʵʵһơ
ѵİһ޹ģԼգȻżӷžʯתߵò˼İ漴˫صҪӷһѡ
ϧôĽôãûаﵽӷƣԼҲ˽ȥտʼҶѵĻ޾ֶһֻ
ͷҲá
һôţһ߳ܵƨϺݺһţܣͷܣ
ޡæѵʵЩҶҲûţһԼලͬʱҲоСǸô¡
ϸһ֮νСھĶ
˵˾þڵԭӽо˶ȻԭΪΧԭӡԼӣȻǿС汬֮ǳԿƣҲʮֵǿ
һҪ󣬾ǶʹߵҪ󼫸ߣŴ߶Ѿˣ˵ⲿܲסɾ޴
ԣȽϹǿܹ˳ʹϣֻҪ幻Ǻô޵ģ
ͬʱΪΪʹС˲صԼݽߡΪ˵ֻҪûھпΪĻȻͿһСؼǿ
ʱҶͻȻ򣺡ѹʥʿô¶С涼ܵӰ죬ԭô°
֮⣬СܶеķʽοеǻϵĹϵԭ˶ģһϵ˶ƺΪзʽܹ
ҶĲӴ뵽Լûв׵档
ԭһʮ챦ɵʱڵĻ챦̫ϵķֲзʽγһϵ
ҶɹǲɺΪ棬Ȼ̫ϵǺôƺôףһ̫ϵи㲻ʲô˵ǳС൥ֻһǾͱ̫ϵĴڣֻ̫ϵܾе̫Сˣ
ҲǲԵ棬ҶĵĻ챦֮󣬽Ļֱûнˡ
տСһЩۣȫԽһԴ

ڻ᲻ʲô⣿ûпǹҲӡУܣһںϵĴڡ
Ϊеһ֣ȻЩ浱УǲʹǿԽЩڵô
ҲﲻţƵĳ̶ȣôһ㴿ۣҲѲɣ
һѰ˼ţһߴ߶Լ⿪ʼԼģһռģһݱеһЩʶ浱С
ҶĿʼô֮һѶӰ˵Ĵ˳
༸ҶԲֵԼеһЩ䵱С
ǳľΪⶫͱԼɾˣڲãȫˣԼɴвֳľôŬ޷׵ʧ
ҵһִһСִӻԼѩõĴһЩʱĺĶʤҶĴûԭԼﾹȻô֣ӵôָ
ЩԲ΢Сڣ챦ľžŸ޴ϵһ㣬Լڸ԰ռһأͬʱŸϵ֮俴ƺϵ˴˼һЩӰ죬ӰΪҶıԴϡ
һʼʱҶķ־˾Ÿϵʱ򣬻ΪԼ佫ˣԼʵȻ΢Щǲûʲôʵı仯ô˵ԼȻȷһЩʵûдɡ
桭桭
ૣҶʼղԼĲԣֱһģ޾г֣ŽעתƵðϡ
ʵҲ㲻ʲôİǵ洫ķбҶһ֣ŷҶӵԼķֻͨء
ҶȻҲͨϧεķԼʵĴ߶ֲͨԷΪԾͶһԲܲˡ
ʱٿ˼ֻ˼֣ͬʱΪ̨쳣ԴҲƽʱʹ˼֣ͻȻ뵽һӿʹֻء
ȻʩչֻأҲʩչһ˸
ֻһУ˵˾ͻȥȥֻأתͶ̥ĳͨԸ˵ģҶļǵĳоֻΪеļһһеģ
룬Ҷ漴˴㣡
ֻصɫĵĥ˵ģһ֣һȴһУ
ǽһֻزֹãһмܹܵסֺֹĥ
˱һȫܿģÿ˼ο֮󣬾ͻһܵĻᣬŸӵʹࡪһĥ־ᶨҲƾһȥҪҸֵʱĻмܹȥ޾ʹࣿ
Ͼܹ֮˭Ҳ޷ԼȥЩĥִı仯ܿһ־ᶨ߳ױӾϼ֡˳Źֹھ˿Ѿʮӣ۵ʱ򣬹Լ˭֪ˣһǸɵ˵ˡ
Ҷ뵽һ󣬾ͺܸɴĽжΪ񹥻ˡҲǸֻصĻþ˵ξȻöԷڻþвֻأԴﵽھɱֵĿģ
ƺǸٺҲôģԭе˶Ǿȴ˴ֱ
кǻԭĳ˵ĴУҶȴûоرģΪղһ˼룬ͻȻ뵽Լڵ
ֻأ
棬ĳ̶ֳ˵ҲһĻҲӦͲˣΪζһеսᣬԼ˵սҲζҶĵ
ڻûҪս⣡
ڵеԼġ桯ĵڵȻ֮ɽֻˣȻǿᣬȴԼԤڵԶ
εģ
ƺûһȷĴ𰸣ϵ֪һȴǱը
ըը
СԭҲڱ˲ģըӶǿôɲñըһأ
Ҷֻһͷ𣬲ڵӰ˵Ȼ̾ͶʼЩȽСٵ˶ľȻһЩǿǾŻ챦ɵϵҲʼžҵ˶˶Ӱ쵽ΪԴ
λĵشһصƺڽҶڵһԼС
һʼʱҶĻûΪʲôףǵͺͬʱеʱҶֻоһ𣬺ڵһư㣬Ѫһڡ
ҲѲҲҪһδը
ʶԾҶ̾׼֣һʱȻܾŴϵ˶ԽԽңЩС׷ܵͬھ˶Щкһαһξҵıըͻз


060 ը
ըըǱը
ըͷͻʹҶһѪһѪ磬ҺЩ彡ĺܣѪҲȽ㣬ϼСҲûʲôӰ죬ֻǾҵʹơ
ҪֱըȻ޷ֹͣҶֻĸԼͣײȥȻвҵıը
һδεıըҲʼ˱仯ŲͣʵһżΪ۵Ĵڡ
ҶҲ˵ڵһʲô̬ĪǳΪ̬
ʱ򣬾Ż챦˶ﵽһ۷壬ȻԼͬĿʼڵǸλƶ
ҶȻЩ仯ͬʱҲǷǳǣҲԼڵֱ仯Ѿ޷赲ˣͿԼܲͦһأǳɹҲһΡըԼھͿγһ桯ô챦һҲ൱ˡ
ǲɹôпһҵıըлҷ
һɹ
ȻҶҲԼǷͦȥʱԲܹйƣԼһԳɹУҪԼΪԼɣôԳɹҲпʧܣ
ᶨ뷨Ҷ񣬾һαըĵ
ʱԼ״ѾɽеһЩҪһʼҶĲԾ֮󣬼ӷƹϵĽϵȥʼʱСһǴ͵⣬ܿͲҶĵ쳣
ҶĿʼѪ֮󣬼ӷܵѩｫ˹ҶԾѩͽ͵˺˹ԼҲְҶģеĹԼע޷ⷽˡ
Ϊ͵֮ҲûˣѩֻҶʱ΢е߲ϾҶеѪ֮״
ǵȵ͡ºͻظϵ֮ʱҶһɹڲס·԰һֺƿԻһУΪʵʵʣҶĽİУӰƲˣ
ѩ˳һԿţȻûκεİ취ǵҲֽŹɢѩĽ͵ƾһзȥ֮ţ뺣˰á
ٳҲͽͣ
Ϳей˵ҲȷʵҶľ棬˭Ҳ֪Լֺ᲻˵ֻѡ֣ͣһԾĹ۲ı仯
ҶĲ֪ԼΪΧ۵ĶʱҶӭһδը
Ż쾢ȺײʵһŵУ󱬷һ£һɼҶ˺ĳڶɢԼҪ˵Ҷĺʹʲôֶɾй⣬ԼһΪͽ͵ġʱȻָˡ
ﴫһ¡¡ľ죬ǿҵĳιȥǾҵʹֻ㱵ĸо˲ɢѹҶֻڷʹ
־ʹУҶûע⵽ڱըһ˲䣬һѾɢȫѵģͻᷢһֱȴʼ档
ɢҶĵȫ֮󣬽ڱƻ˵Ĳ½˴ΪҶĵ弸ը˸࣬һαըǼ䳹׻Ĵеĺ˳ԭĽ״ݻٸµĽҪԭĻϽ޲ļ򵥡
֪˶ãȵһнɢ֮Ҷľȵķ֣ԼƺѾû˾ĴڣƺҲû˰
ѵˣ˵ҳ˷ˣ
ҪŶָȴԼָﶼоҶۣǰľûб仯ڵҹһƲԵ£ԭЩϵʱټ
ʲôǳɹ˻ʧˣ
ҶлǱȽԼɹ˵ģΪԼʧˣȻܻ˼룬ҳʣˣ
ȻԼԳҡһƬڵҹգô֤Լͦȥˣֻǿӣƺ黹û᣿
Ȼı仯֤ʵҶĵĲ²⣬ֲ֪˶ãҶķԼԭڵĵطһЩ仯һʼǳһֺܻܻңһҶ֪ʼ仯Χɢ
ģԭʧ˵ϵ³ҶĵڣЩϵȫǴӺССʼɳҶоһСһСӣһƯ׳۵ϵ
ھŸϵȫָ֮ʣֻϢֱ˸ĸСϵãҶĵͺƱһССϵ鲼У۵ľǾŴϵŴϵǻ챦ľ
⻹꣬Ҷǿ֮⣬ڲͣԼӰһЩӰ˵вͣΪָԭµһ
Ƶı仯ҶҲǺûǻǰʶң˵Ǵɣ
ǴʱҶȴоĳԼȴǼõģκεĻΪĴӣԼøǿ
һҶķԭըǴҲڵûаڣһغԳһƵأͬʱ滹ûɢĻϢҲΪԵԲûвϵ
ǡȥˣ
ҶѰ˰죬ʼûԼҵĴڣǼΪϸСĹϸĸһ£ͨͨ
Īǡ֮ͱˣ
Ҷʵ᲻ģϾŹҲԼ˼ʮ£ԼҲϰŹȻʧȥٻе˸У
̾Ϣ䣬ͻȻԼյϰһ˹Ȼ־ʹǵҶϸȥҵʱȴҲĴڡ
ĪѾּͿʹ
²ģǵҶٳԵ˹ҷ˹ٶȵʱڱ˶ߡȷǴԼʹģҼԼֱߵľ
Ҷ˾λõЩ;˶Ȼͷųǿʹ֮־ͱҶҪ
⡭
ԼԤϵĲͬɢ˸ȫЩ쾢ԱΪȻͬдȴˣ
Ȼϵˣ
ԲĵҶһ£̧֣ʹȴĹԼοһ֣һķ̫񹦣ŹûϰؼȫȻ֪Źʹá
ʱͷһҶ̳һ̫֮ڣɱ⾫̫񹦵ĸ֡һҶģȷԼȷʧˣȡּ֮԰󣬺һĻ챦
ѵĻ챦
ۣҶķΧĻȻѾģнը״̬ʱɽ绹Ƕ죬ɽϵֲﶼѾή㣬ĺ缸ЩΪĵӵֵס
أأԶľҲǴ̣ʱʱ֪˵ĽѾǵˡ
һۣǹ˶ã
ǰΪԼչ˼£һʵ޷϶Լ˶ãһԼһһ͹ȥˣ
˵¡ôȷûµĸˣ
ҶֻԼһʱûй̫ãټ˷ǣĻ
ԼôãϾȻûմϰ㣬ȴҲ֪ô£ȻԼǶʱһĪ˵ҳˣ˶áѩӰҶڷ絲꣬Ϊʱʱһ£ֻѡ˷
վҶ̧žȻԼԺƣʱĲԼʦӦŰɣ
˳գʱӵʱʦþҲԼԺ
ͷ䣬һһ뾹ȻվԼԺſڣһĪ˵סˣҶԼ

ʦ棡
˶˼֮һӷӦǰǱչ˵ʦ棬û뵽ȻڽճˣæҶļ񣬿ϻϲʦأ
Ҷһ㶣ѩ˸ԼдʣǶӵǵȷչûв𣬼Լ˲ٱ仯νıչصҲû
΢ЦǻӦĵӣҶ̧žߣֻǽŲ̧ҶͻȻʦ϶á
ʦû
ǵӹĵʦȥˣûڣ
֪ȥˣ
ͥʦʦһȥǰӭȥˣ
ŶҶû뵽ԼءǡͥˣҲʲô飿һᵽͥҶʲôƵأαչر˶ã
գ˼۾ƺû뵽ҶĻô⣡Ȼչر˶ö֪Īʦչرɵˣ
ǸӦĵԴΪ˻飬Լʦ涨ȻǳʲôأһͲţһԼ˶öŪǸ˵ľ磡
ʦαչ˰˸£ȥĩһֱչص˽£
£ǾʢĵʱڣѯһҶĲ֪ۿžҪˣԼһ²ֱһء
ҶĳһԼαչػڿɽܵķΧڣûһչѾǼĿֲ鷢
ʦ滹ʲôҪôҶĲ˵ҲȥǵҲλʦҪʲôֻùѯһ
Ҷ룬ڽŪˮ͵ҾԺʦ
һ仰£һҪԵģȥ֪ͨѩԼѾˣϽң
Ҳȷ飬ҪҶϸ˵̵ͷɱȥǷֱ֪ͨѩȥˡ
ԸˣҶĿ粽ԺӵУһȥһǳ˷ܵġء˳һƣӷǸСȻ棬Լ˷ܵĻצӡ

ӷƣΪһֻèǲ·ģ
ӷƾȻȻһ߻צһ߳Ҷľ;龰̫ˣ֪ӷƲͨè䣬黹޷ܡ
أ
ͦ˫Ц״ļӷȴ벻⣬Լ֡͡쳣⣬ȻҶǰ˼أձҶñֶƷͣ
ôˣҿϳû
ŪżӷƵ⵱ǾͽϹˮûںҶͷһ̾ѩ˻
ҪȥҲҪͫѩϲɫɱģӳԺС
⡭ĪǾν˺һˣ
Բ²ţѩӰѾͣԼǰһ紵Ҷֱǣѩ֣㵣ˣ
ţкö໰Ҫ˵˴ʱȴһ仰˵ƾҶǣԼ֣ҶԱԶ
һֱʱ䣬ѩŵˣͥʹҪʦȥ죿ͷ飬û뵽ʦǡ˹Ȼ˽˵ϾҪ


061 ʹ
ͥʹߣ
ҶԼűչ˰ЩôͥƺҲģٺ깫ϴʱ򲻾Ͳͣİʾͥṩ൱ıԱ֤ɽɵʵô
ǰʹߣһǽЩҩ֮Ķ͵ɽֻѩ⻰е˼ƺ˻б񣿲黹ͦԼʦö޷ȫȨ
ɽϣȻҶģʦѩʦͶʸҶ޷µʱɽ֮󣬿ǵܿһչؾͲ֪ȥã˶ֵһȨ
ǱɣŵĻҪԼȫʴҶȴ˿Լɻᱻʦܡʦöȥ
ѩķˣ˭ʵҲûʲô𣬼ѩûҶµ˼Ҳܻȥ֮λ
ʦͣҶĽ֮λ͸鷳ƴǲܡˣôܻȥҶȨ
Ժܷĵıչػʲô飬Ȼ齻˴Ӧģѩͣ˶ҶĵأȽҪ֮ʱ鲻żô˶ֱ¾ǵȵҶĻٽ
һѩΪһӣû뵽ҶľȻ˹˵Ǽ£ʱˡ
ɹؼͥʹǰϢһϢͥҶİһɲʲô顣
Ŷ۸Ұ˷ݲ£
ɽУ֮ͥûͳϵģͥҲٻЩʲô
ɽɵһɽɵĴھͥǧ˿ƵĹϵǵõͥķ֣۸ɽɰŵҲ֣˵쾭顣
Ҷĵ֪֮󣬲ûʲôرķӦֻȴʦü˵ȥ۾˸ʲôأ
ѩɫرÿ˳ȡһʥּĶͥĶǾģѩһչ˿
ʦ֣Լɣ
ҶĽǾ˹֮ǰ̿Ȼһһֵ
ϵĻ࣬ѣϻ˵ķǳֱͨףҲûʲôȦӣе˼ֱһĿȻ
ɾΪҶĲŻԵ÷ǳȣʹȥƥ˹ɽ
ţѩ̾˿ܾòô򵥣Ȼͥʹ˵Ϊɽɽɵ̫УʦһԱƥ˹ʲôᣬʡ
ǡӦͥȥŶ԰ɣƫƫʦȥ͸һӹ죡
ѩǱֻƽ鲻Ը롣飬ϸ֪è壬÷ǳѩϣҶƵ¡
飬ǲƣ
ҶİŪϵľᣬ۵ӡ£ɼʽگƷµҶҪƴǵĻ۵δ棿Լ϶ӣɽɺù
ԣ»ǵýѰ˼ƵΪʲôҪԼȥƥ˹ɽһˣ
ܲȥɣ
ֻһԣǻһڣҶľ;ܾȻǳĴ
ʦ˵ѩһ¾˹˻һɫϾۻʯϵگ顣
ҶİһȻץУԺŵķ򣬶ѩط˵
԰תԷȥѩҲûʣĸҶȻ˳ֽŹغãԷ󻹽ԷŸϣҶһ棬گ鷢
ʦ֣Īһʼʱ´ˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷǲһ㣺ôȷǵ´ˣû뵽۵Ŀ꾹Ȼǰƥ˹ɽ磡
ҶĲھ֮һ֣ʼΪͥƥ˹巢ɧԼļһﳹ״򵹣ҲߴҲҶˡ
ϾͥϻǺͺ˫ҲʱʱЩҲʱļһ棬̸˵һ
û뵽ϵĺǼ۾Ȼʹ˸ɵͷôдİƥ˹岻ȥ򣿶ȫأ
ĻͥҪľǰƥ˹ƽ۽ҳʹƥ˹ɽƾȥһƣƥ˹ɽʵʲôˮƽһպǽ֮ʱɽҲи׼
ǡΪʲôһҪʦȥ
ΪǱǿˣҶĿЦһ£仰˵ĺް֮飬ΪԵɣԼҪΣǽ֮꣬һܾʬ޴³
ҲûбҪһĺԼȻۻ뵽ȥȻ׼ҶĲΣգĻҲľôա
סʦõ˫֣Ҷİοһ֮ɫѩҲصģʦͻƣ˵Եģ·ٶȿҪԭ࣬ʱʲôΣգҲѸٵܵ
ʦں˵ˣ
ѩҶһ棬ǿЦ׷ʦֵĹˣںɽһһɹסǲܣʦʲô񹦣
Ҷ֪ԼǰЩӣЩ״Ȼ˶޷һԼԺչʱ˶ʡˣ
ʱҲȷôҪͷֻһ˲ͱһԣҶѩһģЦŴʲôǻ챦ıչҽˣ
棿ʦֲôǵõһ˻ܵɽΪʦõĲôɵġ˵ģҶһɽ
øɽڵžۣûйԹԼʦ֣ʱҶļȻƾһ֮˴ɽ磬Ѿ˵ģɽô˵ɣ
ʲôɣӶѣԼ޷ʹǹֻԿž
˵⻰ͬʱҶ΢΢һ֣ѩǰָſϣҶԳһлһ貵ϵͣתޱȵͬʱҲ̺ż˿ֲ
ѩֻһƼһ飬쳣еֱưȻƯԼͽӲһ̶ֳȵĹ
֮£üƽﲢ¶ӡҲð˳ֱʱѩžĲл⣬һȽƽ̬ȥ۲ʦɵˡ
ģôô죿
Ȼ죬ģģСЧҶĹЦЦ漴Ȼ֮Ϳɼ㹦һ֪ĴڣưʹǿĶ
硭
硭ҶĹ˸ӣڳһģȻΪޱһʣڶ
ʵϣҶ÷ǳƽ˵ⷬǸʻĺѾκζ˽˴ԭء
ѩȻֻжţǾô˽Ѿ¶һ޷ŵı飬Ҷĵӣͺڿһӡ
ʦ֡û°ɣ
е㵣ģԼʦĪǱչرյɵˣ˵˵ǷȻʲô飬˵ʦֵԴˣ
ҶĵͷȥͣĲ鿴ӾҪҶĵԴҳȽԵĲȱһ
һҶĵԴЩ˼ѣҲûˣѩôҲԼţһҲˡ
˺һҶĲŵˣԴû£
ղƭңҶԴȻû飬ôղǷĪڿЦ
ȻǣҶļѩһŵģֻεĵҸղ˵ʩųڶҲֻϰˣҾͿͷųĺڶ
ѩô˵һԼʦֹȻģ
ַӦҶΪΣҲǷƺ̫ˣȻѾͨˣƾһ֮һڶ飬̫šܹɹĻʹҶӵһһϵˡ
ʵϣҶľڶҲֻһС͵ģĪ˵һϵˣһƶ𲻵ԵУȴǴ´ࡣⷬҲûҪѩˣЩҲϵĴڣҶԼҲҪһܹȷܲأ
Լչصã˵Ļתص˳ʹƥ˹ɽϣҶѩһŵ֪ͥǸʹڽ齻ֱ֮ӻȥȥˣûжͣ
֮ǰ򽻴һ䣺ԣӲδ£һȫҶöԽԽá
仰һҶľ׹ۻԼ׼ʱ䣬ô˵ΪԼĿǰʵֱȥƥ˹ɽǻΣյģһʱ䣬ʵٳŻᱣһЩ
Ҳ벻㣬Լǡͻ˿סԼõ⣬һʵҲ֪ﵽʲôΡ
ҶĹƣԼôҲ˰ɣԼ˽⣬ɽܹΪ֮ˣ޲֮ˡ
Ǻ«ɴ޾ٱꯣԬвǿˣɽеҲǲС
д˿֪ɽеĵλͣɽҪǽҶĳΪɵϢųȥôҲɽһЩɽٹעĿ⡣Ҷȴ׼ôûǼġɡȽףǼǰ˵ĴӪʱڡ
Ȼ϶ҪȥҶĵ˼ͿʼⷽбڻȷԼӦòΣյͬʱҶҲʼƥ˹ôԴ
˵ɽɵ飬Ӧˣ԰ƥ˹ǧһֱŬĲǿ϶ŹһͻȻڱ߾شðҲʱѾչ˵ˣ
ĻɽɵĴƥ˹ɽӦ˽ģҶΨһƾԼճأû֪ʵһΪ̣ҲĵƣΣʱ򣬵˶Լʵжϣܻ̬ܿķչ߸Եı仯
ʦȥǻƲɣ
ɵʵȻǺܵͣǶЩʲôĻ治ܹۣƥ˹ɽֶǱȽϸ߰ԴӣҶȥٲҪЩЩ
ֻҪǱң˽ôƲҶǣ
Ҷ룬Լ治ȥͶ˵ߣֻҪһﲻԼǰƣô͵ûˣܵǰᣬôֱӾƥ˹忪
Ҷģֻеɾʱ͸Һꯡĸֽ棬ʵôܻЩ
롭Щƥ˹ôģ
ϧѩЩƥ˹Ĺ۸ʵڲôãǲΪĲŴι򶫷޵ôʦ㻹ĪҪ̫߿ǣ
ⷬ˵ĵҲûƥ˹ȷʵôףҲӦúúõѰ˼Ѱ˼γʹӦôʣ


062 ıʿ깫
Ҷĺڳ֮ǰͰźԼһжԲߣ˳ĻӦҪбĻӦôӦԡ
ǵҪŲԵʱεķǰƥ˹˽ô֡
תͷʦãѩҲε̾˿Ҷǰƥ˹˽⻹ʦأֻŵȡ͹˹һŲ֪
ѩǵ⼸֣Ϊڳɾ֮ҶĽʥʿ˺ü飬ԼۿѩҲΪⲿ֪һЩϣ֡Ҳ϶ѡ
ţֻѩͥʹ˵ӿܻһ˸ʦ㵱֣Ƕǰƥ˹弫Ϊ˽֮ˣ
ǲ˽⣬Ҳûʲô壬ŪûᱻҶĵǼԼģҲô׳յ飡
ԣνĸʹоųɵĿǶڰƥ˹˽⣬÷ԼõĹ۲ƥ˹ʵİ֡
˭أ
ļҶûнųȥҲѩͲҪ˵£ԼһϤŸոյõһѰ˼εĸʹĸˡ
֮𰸾ͱͥˮ깫ٴɽһݱΪҶĵİֶ
УҪҶŹˣ깫ɫôÿ²ԸģֱµΪͥ깫ֻӲͷƤ
꽫ˣ
Ҷһƣ̾깫ΪκһˣΪʹ깫߾ȻһӶûУϵļҲ£һЩڵ۵ĳȥѰʿһֻô˭Ҳ޷ͥˮϵһȥ
ҶĴԼ깫ЦһҶǹǰӶûдϰ
Ҷĵ˵ͷк깫ֱӽԺʱԼԺѾں˹ϹˮͬʱҲ˴ţҶ깫Ⱥֱ֮ӾͿѯʣ۱¾ʲô˼
깫һ£ƨʯʻǱһƬָոȥûϵĹϹҶ͵ôһ䣬ŵһ£Щһˮϡ
깫ǳˣӦ죬˳һץסȻ°ڻԭλȴҶ⻰˵ġ
ҶȴЦ꽫Ҳغ£Ժ˵ĻڣҶޱܹļ̸֮Щû˵һ
깫ԣֻժ˿Ʋ˵ʲôǵתͣӣҶʶ깫ģֻǼɵͥӴԼһС˵˻ܾûз֮ˡǵĵȷȷϾ˷깫޾ԪΪɵҲͻȻţ۲ϲô׼һֱ絽ɡ
깫һ߿ѣȻ˵һ䣺Ҷ֪
ϣĪǻкüҶıֻôǰ׶һѰʿΪʲô깫⻰ƺԵ棿
깫ƺƳҶĵ뷨ʱҲ˼ɡΪѾˣԼǷ۵ּ⣬ҲͥҪ£εǱ֤ҶĿ˳˳ĳʹƥ˹ɽҪһԾܵṩһпṩİ
Ҷ˵ЩΥ۵ּ⣬οⷬ治ܹ۵ĶС
ʵϣܼͥɵ磡
ͷԡ˸Ӵ򲻵һȥĻ⣬ȴһ¾Ҷ˹ԭע⣡
Ҳ깫еǣվͥ񽫣ƹͥˮλڰأ
깫һһмͥ˼깫УһȺСܻҶƥ˹ɽȥô̾ͻ׹è壬ͥҪƥ˹ɽΣȻΣ
һǰ׼ʱ䣬۵һı͵ù
ԣ깫Ҷĵ͵У˶ʿ粢ע⣡ȻʿģվûУԶҲһ˶ĿЧ
һ㣬깫͵Ҷߣô˵ĿⶼҶˣ㷢Ҷƥ˹ɽȥҲ̫࣬ϵɽǱȥҲģǰƥ˹ɽƺɽüȥĪҪڶɽﲼһӣ
ʵϣ뷨Ҳ۵ΣôΪһıɹĿԿԴߡ
ֱʱ̲Ż֣ᷢԭҶƥ˹ɽüȥΪˣΪ˸õĽ֡һеһжΪͥȫעĶԸ硣
깫ģԵɣҶںΪͥŴƵİƥ˹񲻴򣬶ҪԸ磿
ƥ˹ȻŴηǹǸûǵͷǴҲȺһǲįһַʽ仰˵ĴӮˣҲǰռ춫޵һء
ôŰɣ깫ⷬҶе㲻ţ˵ɽиǾһսŴôƥ˹ɽô
깫Ц£ҶŲ֪ǰƥ˹ɽϵ񣬶ȨޣǶһЩ߰ȤŨһЩԾĿǰӵеѾ㹻ˣٴ󷴶ͷۣ˶ŵȤ㣡
˵ŻͬʱƺΪ˵̧һϾͶһͼҶǰչ깫ָŰƥ˹ɽ붫֮һƬյ˵ʵһض֮أƥ˹ɽЩط֮ûȥռ죬ձֱ֮ӻصԭĵطȥƾЩطţ
ҶƣһؽɲСɽƬطʼ㣬һֱкذȻһƬǿŵġ
ͥΪβȥռ죿һʳҶľ֪⻰ʵû壬ͱƥ˹ɽĲˣĻŸ˴
οĽһƬطռô꯵פҪкĶפĻڽԼĺ󱳱¶ȺһƤ£ָʲôʱͱһ۴ķ濼ͥҲȥռƬ
οͥԼҲôеҪأԾƾǷؿţΪһĲܵĵشǹܲͥɵȥܣΨһӦȥܵİƥ˹ȴùܡ
һؽһ㲻СȺһΪԸⵣĹԷռ죡
깫ʼ򣺡԰ƥ˹ͥʵûôΣգ
ҶΪ۲ѡ԰ƥ˹񷢶ˣΪƥ˹ĴڶͥûвȺǸͥһЩ鷳ͥ
ǷǴ󻼣
ķǿϺնʵȴһ˶ǵͽһֱûз޵˶ҵӵͷҰģһֱǼɵɲϣһԼȫУȻԼĵǲˡ
Ѿɽ磬ƾɽͥ˵ھĸ
зóѣôͥҲûٴڵıҪˣûͥʲôͥһǻȥͨʿɣͥʹ˵ڲ
ԣ۶ڷܼɵǳɵɵɽжڵĵزûмκһ޽ڶ޵ͥܵļ
⼸꣬ʲôѾαʾԼĲΪɽ޽ܹڶ޽๩ĶǷӣЩʲôļԼ޷ڶԼͽ
ǵȻʾһֱûɿڣʼŬĿŷڶеš
ԼҲ֪ȥҲŲ˶ãһ۾ҪһݣõĽ⡪ֱӽҲҪܣǲԣ޵ȫȻĻ
ԭ
еԵɣҶĶۻѡΪҲͲˣǱߵҲٶעǶһԼȽϿס
ǰƥ˹ɽڵΣ
깫£ʵƥ˹ɽҲͦӵģô򵥣ҶܹõĺãҲʹһֶ۶
۶ҶĵҲǶɽɵ
׾ôһ仰ǣסƥ˹޷ͥսʱܳҡΪ˴ﵽĿģӦȥǾҶĵˣǲģ
ʵΪѡɽУɽĻɽӭսƥ˹ľӣ깫ҶһˣǴ˷жʧܣ깫ҲкãȻǳɹˣ㲻ָܻͥˮͳ죬ҲܸʵȨְγʹΪģܹðƥ˹ɽϵľһЩңϾⷢսѵĽֶΣ
ŶҶû뵽깫˺ܿʹһıʿԼıߣҶѰ˼ԼǲҲһۣϹᣬȻһı깫ԼʲôƲߣ
ЩҲˣȲ˵ô鷳ԼҲûǸȥЩ顣
ֻ깫ƥ˹ɽÿγս˹Ϊȷ棬ǰ˹սĳƺţǰƥ˹ɽڲìܣ
˵깫ԼҶĸ˵Ĳյˮһϴģ
սĳƺţڰƥ˹ɽϻкܶصģŵȣְսǻŮ밢˹սλмֳͻ˹սλŵΪ˵ģ
ǰ˹ҲԸô٣϶뷽跨ĶԼλ
Ҷһ¾˹˵ŵȻ뷽跨ֹ˹սƺţ˼ŵϣ
깫ҡҡͷҲþŵϣǵ̽̽Ǹŵֹ˹λ
ҶеˣϾڰƥ˹ɽǺ˽⣬ֻܼ깫
ŵϣƾսȹԼĵλȻ󲻸˹Ļᣬô϶Ҫ󷢶Ƕ޵սȻԼ氢˹Ϊȷ棬һĻᶼߣð˹ûлȻ޷սĳƺˣ
ҶľͷޱȣĻʹҪŵȺͰ˹ϣ˹϶ϣսģֻлȡȷְλӶս¹ѫԼһС
һǰ˹ŵȶսɣҶĵ汳ۣ޷κϡ
ȻֻһֿܣһֿܾŵȽֹսı˹κĻᣡ깫ٺһЦĻŵȻܵõʲôǰ˹ȴ޷ûԼʧȥһУŵ˵ҲǱȽˣ
ô˵ŵȻǿȡģҶˣֻҪúЩƥ˹ĹĶǣȫֹսı
깫˵ͷҪŵȡϲô׵飡֮ҪһǣսȨŵȺͰ˹κһ˵ϣ˹ϣ
ʼ깫˽ۣԣ˹ս


063 ûܣ
깫˵һ֮󣬾ͰһڵģҶȴüͷѰ˼žӦʲôɲܹ˵˹Զ޷սأ
ʱʲű깫ǾҶͻȻ֣깫һıʿ̬λıʿȻ˵һѣõļûУȫǷϻˣ൱λͥ˵һЩʶ
⣬һЩͨҲĺܺãҪνıʿӦĹ󽫾һû˵
꽫ʲôʵķô
깫û취˵Լ̡ıʿĶëҲΪʲôԳԼţ
ϧ깫ȴװģĲ֪ô죬ֻεĳҶһЦ֪ǺãͽˣҲҪҶųˣ
㲻ô컹ڳôһҾ͸Ӹʲô
аһ֮ҶҲ깫Ȼװĺô£һʿʹΪͥĽ·ʽɻԭǰģһıʿӦ飬һŲġ
ܹҶķһѾ御ҪıߣǾЩǿˣ
ԣ˺ðһ仰Ҳû˵깫ԴȱģҶüչģ׷һҶ׼ʶ
ҶڵʵرǿҪǰƥ˹ɽ⻢ѨһҲҪһʱ˵ȸԼŪ֮ĶҲñ֤ԼСǡ
ȴҶĸոճأһгûֱӾͳȥƥ˹ɽǿǵոĹԼ޷ȫƿأϤһ˵ɻɽϡ
ͬʱ깫˵ǰƥ˹ɽ֮ҶҲҪʱ俼ǿʲôסȺϲֵ
˵ʵ뼸ϷȺƥ˹ʲôģҲûа취ɲȺһǷϲЩϷòһЩ׼
˼ţֻ깫һ䣺֪ҶŴУ׼У
Ҷһ㶣ûǹ⣡
һʼʦû߻µģǰƥ˹ɽϵ˹񻰴˵еĲпɲôʵҽԼŴȥڲȷԼʵܷӦһʱԼűѾͦĿˣɾҪɲ輸ˡ
ԣʦúͻ¶ܴ˶ҪɽʦõǬȻһֱȲǬ˵Ҫ֫ˣĿǰҲ㾳硣
µɫⶼѾɣĿǰоɫһֻɽկɣȻܷƾб任ݻ磬ȻڻԼɫ⣬Լѵɽկ֣ǾͿ¸˵ԺͻԵˡ
ϵӣһڵȫæԼʵʱҲʺϴȥҲ׼ԪԼһȻ˾ֱӳ߱䡣
ѡɽΧĸɽеһչУǼǲɹ;ԲˣרЮ൱ĿȻ׼ǸɽϽ
ôɽ¾ôһˣȫҶյĻɽޡӷƺͰӢۣͷĳ˵ǿҪӢ֣Ҷ֪æаӢƼãʱѾʼѧϰεȼСˡ
ӦáֻҶĳһǰ
ع룬ãϾ˭ҲҶĴлʲô飬ʲôΣղòֻԼһˣ϶ܵĿһЩ
ǰλҶĿɾ͹˲ˣλܹ벨սһҲмֶεģҲֲҶĲġ
ֻ깫ͷ˼һ͵̧ͷ˵Ļµǰƥ˹ɽˣ
ǡ
ҶĻûע깫ʲôȻͥеĴ󲿷ﶼһǲС˵йҲÿ˶ϸĹעο
ӡȽ̵ľǽĲٵīԼƷɻţӡﶼģ깫ʲôǲסˡ
Դʱѯмֺ棬깫һᵽԼҲΪ⣺µһֻ׶ڻ׳ǷҲ˿û⡣
Ŷϻ
Ҷûϵ깫ǸˣϻӡлûʲôϻģУҲǱȽ͵깫һϵǵ治
ڳ飬ҶĵȤǸڼŽУΪһЩʱ򻹲ǺڻܹܲԼأ
깫Ҷľ̾һϻû˺ģλҶŶԼȤֻһʱҲûʲôĵģûһˣ´˷Ҳͷޣľԣ΢һΪͷΪ׳Ϊʺϵ
Ҷգգۣȷ깫ںԼЦɫشСһȻʼӻ̣ʲô飡οɵԺ󶼻ѧϰ֮Ҫ
ͷܣҶĿûȤͷɵɵģһ㶼
깫ҶĶѱûȤ㲻پˣҪɣ췢ָͲ֪˵Щʲô
ҺҶļ֪ĵĵطڵʱˣ꽫ȺúЪЪһЩʲôɵӰűǣ
깫ĿͷͰźˣʱһ깫ԼȥУҲҪҶȥ͡
ȵ깫ˣҶԺǰĹϹû˼Ӧƥ˹ҲûȥӦԼ½Ĺֻ
ԴпտҲһҲ֪˶ҶĲŻعһ̧ͷͿѩͻ·ֱԱߵʯϣ첲ʯϣ°Ϳ
ʲôʱģ
±ԭƣǸոջģѩȴѾһˣ
ŶҶҲʲôεģȻղ㶵ʧϣ˭¼ԼܵˣûҪЩС£ȥ۸ȥô
¾˾죺ʲô۸ڱ޲߽ѧһգҲΪף
һѧЩ赸ʲôף
ⷬҶֻ룬ȴǲ׼˵ġѵûѰһ飬׼̫棬ֻеʱҪ̫Ҳˡ
Ҳǲִ֪ˣȻ˸ǺҲѧ˲ٶ˰ɣ
Ȼһʣ¾͵츳ȴǼߣҿʼħ֮󣬵ڲһʱ䣬Ѿħ൱磬Ϸ㴴ԪҪ˶þͿԿֱ֮λҵȥˣ
ôҶҲû뵽ΪľȻ٣
ºߺһ£һģɽôԪ棬ǹͼ죬ˣ
ѩֻжţȻǺӼΣҲû̫ȥʱһ˵ǺҲһرţǰĹ㣬⺢ҪܹΪ
գգۣйһ͵óһ˳ԾĽۣĻҲòʮ꣡
ʮ꣬ƺͦࣿʵʱ֮˵൱Ķݣܶһչضֻ֣ʿӿȦӵɾҪѵʱпǶꡪɽձϳ㲻ķ˻һҲʲôϡ£֮٣ܲѴﵽ
ɽɵĹԭٵЧܲûУɾ֮ǰҲͱͨǿôһ㣬ԴҶĴԪ֮һЩϴĵӷ˥ϵٶԼǼǿĵо彥Ļָ˻
һ㣬ƶϳԪֲɽɹٵĶ̰壬Ļڵɵļٴ˲٣ԪڸҪǿеƹ㣬еĵӶŬȥ˭ʮϰꣿ
ȻԪҲܵģٵЧҲ伫ޣǲܿżôӻܹɵͨʿǲ࣬ͬΪ´»Щʿ΢ٻʮʮꡪǴ޾ͨĹ۲óĽۡ
Ѿɽ˽һĺ«ɴǰֱæתȾǿ֣Ӣ̽ͻԵĽչ˽İǸĵ£̽ڲӵһ㹻ǿĶԴ
̽ûɹǶȶǸϷϼɵ·̽ͻȻըԻ㲻ϳɹ֣Ӣʹ޾ĻǣѾɹ޵Ľӽˣ
⣬֣Ӣʱ齫ư㷭ӡ˿ưΪѰʵĲ϶Ҷһ֮󣬾֣ӢеһһŸбֳɫĵӡ񻹲ԣÿõƣǰ齫еһЩ԰ŵģǶӻ˳ӡ
֣ӢԼŪƣǡǶ˵һʹС͵Уǳס
ҶûۼȻӶô˵Ҿˣ
ңʱ䵹ûʲô飬ֻǲͣƹ̱ɽŵҵѾһ̣һЩʿ֪ɽţûʲôˡ
еȴҶеЦãɽһЩʿΨһӡǣƵḺ́ζȱҵĺãһкüζѡ
żĵתɽɵ̳˶ĶԻ
ŶҲҩʲôζģ
ζģǸأ
ˣˣݮζĽûˣȻԱƼɿζҲúòóԡ
Ǹҳζе֡

ĶԻÿ춼Ҫظü㣬Ψһı仯ǶԻеXXζͣڱ任ɽҲеЦãֻңִ˲ƣоζҩ˵һǽ޾ҪһרŲѪҩĳɿζģ
ܲܳɹ˭Ҳ֪ɽɵûһȥֹǾλһҶĶܲס˵Ҳǰ˵Ծƾˡ
ҩĹǻƣΪ˱ȽףѾĽҩݸ˸ģûΪңĺҩݸɿϵ»ʲôġ
뻪¡ѩɽϵ󣬻תҶĵϡ
ʦ֣Ҫȥô
ʵҶ˵βͬУֻŮе㲻ģοǰƥ˹ɽϵŮҲ̫ã˳˵ҶĵİΣ֮⣬˼ҲǷȥգ֪Щ̫ףվƲס
ˣҲ˹ȥ˷鷳
ʱ˹ʲôŮңҾͰ˼죡Լ÷ôҲܲ˱˹ôһΣñķ
ˣ֮СһѵͽʦˣɲҪиһʱܹһѾСˣ
ѩǲô⣬ȻҶ˵һɽɵĻɽޣѵټɽɻҪ鲢ôģشҲе㲻ס
ôѵʦֻʱ򻹻άСһһʥ²ɣ
ҶĴ֣ҲûпŶ


064 ֮
ҶûнԼǾ仰ʲô˼ΪʱûҪͣ
ܲʦãԼ⼸֮Žһٻõһʥͼɣ
ΪҶһ۾Ϣ˰ָ࣬ѾԽһٻˣһҶûȫٻ
ҪҪǿɽɷչ׳ķҩԼ󷨵ͼ
ЩָٻҸҶṩͼֽҩǳʺɽĿǰʹá
һҶʹõ΢ôһ㣬뿴ܲٻ΢һķ֣ӢǼ֣Ȼ󽥽ĥһֳɫա
Ȼ֣ӢԼĹѾˣʹ޾λǰյĥνһЩҵƷʺɽʹõķߣЩǶʱоĳģĿǰָЩ԰ɽʵʵʵһЩȽϳġǱȽϿ׵ѡ
齫ưʷӡС֣һҶ뿴ܲܵõһ΢һķ֣ӢȻͿŶɽկ۫ˣҲԾе󣬵ҶҲҪ֣Ӣ̾ͽɽկ۫ĶôһʼʧƷҲ޷㹻ϰɽ򵥣֣ӢֻܼС
û뵽ǣһξȻҶٻôһͼֽ
ͭʥͼ
ıԼ仰͸¶ĺ壬Ҷľþ޷ع
Ȼ֪һֱܿӵδ̫˰ɣ
ʱ˽ͻᷢǾʦԼָԹͣκ˼־֮󣬵һӦǣˣˣʦˣ
ҶٻʱСģĪ˵ıգעⲻ˼СĽȷûŽٻΪ˱סԼָܡ
û˿ʱģҲ޷еģϾٻʵеûһЩ¸һҸߴͼñף
ܲɽһʥ°ɣ
ɽֲʥʿѵأͬʱɷʥ£ȻʥֶʺɽɣʥרСƷ
ҶĿСеֽ֮󣬾ʥµá𵽿׵ãΪṩ֮⣬ʥ»кҪһãǰ˳ܸǿС档
ΪʲôʵС˴ʥºͲʥ£С漸εԵɡ
СкܴҪ󣬶ĸɺܴһȼչȣԼͻ᳹ױ˱ԭɢǴʥºʥ¾ͻֵ൱һ֣ʹʹܹĴ󵨵ıСõԼ
ȷСһӵмǿǹеʹõͬʱҲʹ˺ʥǻߣֹǿĺ˺ʹߵĹߣʹ߸õʹǹе
ʹߡʥ¡СศɵĴڣСʹ߶չԼʹʥõʹС棬ʥΪСڡ
ԣʹСĻʥ¾һͨĿװˣֶͥкܶ࣬иƷĳֿͷųǿỤյĻľֻǰƴСЧʥҪöˣҲûô׸
ˣʥֶͲʺɽɴ󲿷ֵʹáΨСһﻹˣܷʥ»Ǹ⡣
ͼֽǰչҶĿЦŽϵݶһ飬ֻܿЦһ󣺡ʥµͼֽҲƽʥ°Ƕ㲻ܴﵱƷҲǺõģҲģͭʥʲô˰ģһҲÿ
ͬʱҶķʥҪǳɳֶ񶫷޲ȽǳɳҲʿ֮ı棬ԲܴóȻôһû̫õĶ
룬ͥṩĴУһָ׸ǵǳɳҲûи
ѯһ´޾ǳɳȽ϶࣬ĴҶе㾪ȡ
˵ƥ˹סİƥ˹ɽԼµİٺĳǳɳֻͥƥ˹ĹϵҲ֪ԶʿȻֺöﱻ˷ˣҲûа취Ӱƥ˹ĸ㵽ǳɳ
õ𰸵ҶĺǳԾû뵽ⶫǰƥ˹ɽزҲԼγԸһЩ
Ϊѩ˵ѵŪʥ£ʱҶĲŻش𣺡ûпܣ
Ҫȥƥ˹ɽȻкöԼ˳õҲǵӷƵͣҲò˶٣ֻе㲻ÿҲԼ֣Ӣĸģ
ʱҶĲ֪ʥµǲҸĵģʥ»ʹߵеСʹߵģȴûиﴩʥµӣܴܲ˭Ҳ֪
ϢһҹҶģڶ˴»ůůıﲻ϶ʱҶľѾȻӷ˳
һ·϶ûӣʱʵ̫һЩҶĵķһıȽļһ
ͬѧŬĿŴʯںɽյȦȦСèӷƶһԣһצһ߿ͷһһһǰŲ
ҶĵҲûдŬеġޡǲɫ˹ȥǺɽڴ
ҶΪͷۣҪϵ˳ʵȥľڣʱҶ˵ͺһ̨ײ࣬˶ƲҶ̧ȣǰһҶĻվһѾվ˾ˡ
Ҷվھ棬ûֱȵڣվԶŸղŵĸо
ָоͺƿ˿ռ䣬ȻվطǿһƵء
Կ϶ղһ˲ֻšȥȴûԾĶҲûʹ֪ٿ죬ôƲζģǸĶҲһ٣ʹҲ̫Ĳ졣
˵ҶĹٸߣҪҪṦȻԾٶȿ쵽˸Ʋ̰ˡ
ǽβһֻҪվȻǰһվˣطһ֮ңƵء
ô
˺ųưһ֮⣬һǹڿռãռɱ̤ǵרԵȵרóƺȷ̬֮
˵ģ˲һ޶ҶˬˣֻԿ϶ԼִռƶķʽܽгƶһΧʹðˡ
˵ȱһܹλķʽ
ԼܹϵΪԼܹطôĵطԼܵôҶĺҪԣվƬ֮Ǿȣһ֮һƣԼվƽ̨֮ϣûеǾ档
ȷֻĿΧڽпռ䴩ƶ
ȻֻССһ£ҶѾԼһЩ˽⣬Ҫٶ˷ʱˣת۵СȻƬ̺Ǿ֮ڡ
еľɫû̫ı仯ֻȴȵ˼֣ΪŹһЩɽסпʼ
ҶĽʱ⼸Ҳոż򵥵Ļһ÷Ρ
Źվǰ˵ͬʱԼҲڼ򵥵ĻĻܼ򵥣ǴһɽȭҶĽʱǡôչ
ţ
ʦ棡
ûϵҶĻܵԷӦеŹһǻع
˵ͷǻӦҶֱӷԸŹȻҲ˵ԵģֱǸ
֮Ҳֻһ䣺ĪҪ˽ţȻ㾶ֱ˶УŹʵʵضڣҪ˵ʲôҪԼҪʲôҲŹŵˣ֪Լøʲô
е棬ҶǺȪȪλԵʯ̨£ԭĵطȴǹͺͺһƬʲôҲûˡ
ϥõҶֱӳȻԼǳȪ۴ľݶϵһδ
ҶԴݶһֱûзɶĴΪԭһֱ޷ݶȫΪãǰЩӣҲֻܹʹþݶһֵˡ
Ǹʱܹھݶٿһռ䣬ȻռвЩıסɽɣΪֵõ
ݲµΪˣǲݶݲ£ǰֻûܰˣҶĵõķġ˼Ҳ͸˼֣ҲԳֱӽݶȫ
þݶȫΪúܹӳǿĹãҶĿԿ϶ĳɹˣɽɾ
˵ԵģǾݻɽ󣬾Ϳٶϼֱ仯Ҫӵзôɽɾڲ֮ˡ
ȻųԷҲӵݶһǿķȻԷԷƵ󣬵ܹݶͬεƺҲûж٣ԹƵľ͸ˡ
ԣҶĲܣɽͷתܣ˴ռԼ·ˣǰԼһеԿǲôˡ
뵽һжΪԵʣҶĲ⸹̵Īǻ챦߾˿Դ·Ҳû˭ܹ׷ˣȻ޵е书
ǱԭеŮ֪Ҷ񹦣û᲻ֱӴбĳȻݺݵĽѵСһͨ
ϧλŮ洴ԶҲ֪Լľѧһ类˼̳Уһԭжɵʮ㾢һԭжûгֹ仯
ȴɽûŮ洣
һ߼žݶһߺ˼룡
ֱҶķԼݶ֮ͻȻϵȻûֱӽӴҶĵȻʼͣͨͨݶȥȻݶĽһͨⲿִͷ˻
ҶǾݶԭǸĹܱ˿ÿμݶ󣬱ʲôϡ顣
һΣȴ΢ͬ
ΪݶˮУҶûע⵽ǾݶĶ棬ȻһƬģδʱһ޶ҶǼ㾰󣬺ܻܿԼڷըʱҲй
Ը޴ӵֻ֪ǵͨžݶ
һֱȻԽԽʱƺѾˣԼըʹľݶҪº࣬Ȼ޷ҶѡֻܾܱԼһб仯
ѵ
Լֲܶ˵ҶķԼһĨ֮ʼۣȻݱ䣡ȻԼһͬ˾ݶݶеһĨճһѣһ֮˳ԼصԼڡ
ʱҶȴԼڵŻһ˿һҶﲻһʱڵĻֿʼ˱仯
ģŻ羹ȻʼɢȻһȴڲۣͣȻ۳һ˿ܲ۵һ˿͸ôһ⣬һҶĻΪԼ̾ͷ֣Ǳǿ˲֪ٵĴڡ


065 
ҶĵҲûŪԼðһɫǸʲôΪһȻԼ޷Ĵڣоһգֻоһ㣺һޱȵǿ
ǿˣڵҶĸ޷ʹҪĽΪãҶҪŬ֪ã
ⲻҶ޷еõôڻΪãǱϾͣڣôǲٵġ
ȣܹҶڵǲξԼڲͣݻÿһݻ֮Լƺһֱ۵״̬ҶȻûб仯ܸоԼǸռĴڣڲͣıģ
ʵһʼûзһģʼʱΪԼڵˡΪЩŸָϵƱСˣҶһΪʲô⡣
ϸһƲŷ֣ǱСˣԼġ桯ĸӿ㣬ԵЩС˺ܶࡣ
ʵЩĳɳ󣬵ȴΪĹϵԶԶ׷ԼǸ桯ٶȡ
ȥǲǴҵǱ޵ģ
ҶѾû˾ĸǸ桯Ѿ˾Ĵڣ桯ϵζſɸġơơԽζҶԽǿ
ûδ޾ܹ̽ãһֺúÿԼԪﵽ˶ٵĳ嶯
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ͬʱ⼸ҲԼ徿ô¡
ԭݶһǿԡݻ
ݶлһ磬ʵݻɹͨ׵˵ǾݶԭҲһƬ磬Ȼ翪ٵصĹһݱ䣬гһġ
ҶĵҲ˻󣬾紫˵δʱһŻ˳Ҷĵݶ֮󣬾ݶֻǱܵĽݻĹҲ֪ʲôԵɣȻݻһ
ҶƲ⣬ΪһŻԼģԲŻĽ
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ҶѾˣһܾĹؼûҲʵô㣡û˵ɽкָ߼Լ¡֣Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ʵҶĲãݶݻܷ֮ǳǿᣬҲڶ̶̼ǧݻһ硣
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ݶС⼸գȻûкķʲôҲΪķѾӿɲʺκ飬ϢĺãȻصԼģȴûҲûгԣֻͷ˯
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Ҷȴ֪Լһ仰̼ˣ뵱˹һֱڲ֮䣬ʹҶһҲܿͻ׷ȻһֱУȴڿɽܷΧڡ
Դӵɽ֮ҶĵʵǣֱһֱӽԽԽԶ
ѩãԴҶĳ֮ǿʤ˼͵ˣֻżˣˣСӰˣȨ뷿еһЩȤ
Ҷ˦ºԶǵĽԼٲܽ׷ʦֵĽŲôԺǳʦֵ׸ҪʦΪѾɣ˵ɵģԼȻ˵ɵΪȴǳʱбޱȵʹࣿ
͵ֲͬҶĽãɽɳʦֵ֮ΪһֱͽҶĺ档
ҶˣҲ죡
ҶԲˣûҲԲ
ҶҲ٣
ҶգҲܿգ
һΣǬеĽûгɣҶľѾ챦ɣҿɵĲȥˡ
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˷µޱȼԼŻض׵һԹ˲ˣ
һ緹԰գ˶ĬĬɢ˿ȥͺѩ˼ȥҶһת̾׹ôˡ
תͷԵĻ£㲻ȥô
գգۣһ޹ز׵ı飺ȥ
ˣͱ⸱ƭȥˣҶĶϤƳǹһӺԼЦˣͼǿŬϽ
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ԣھͿʼݻ磬ûаɽկɫؼϼصֱӽһ
Щ飬ҶĶǲ֪ģѩ뻪˵˽ʱһ㣬ŮĬûнҶģֻǰԱʾҪͣҪ๫Сǣ
ʵѩͻȻñ̫ԶҲͻΪйأϾۿŻѾŬķԼ֮·ܹ
ȻҲʼǬΪԭڵĽ˱Ǭལǽٶʵڲ⡣
֮׼ѰطúñչһһҪʦֻ֮ǰǽɡ䵹Ͷ˲Ŀꡣ
뻪һ֮Ҷת깫꽫߰ɣ
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ⵤҩЧûġҶȴû뵽ȻѳԵزǺ껹תȦȦҶڣͿ֪һˡ
Сϵ˿ھôƬ̵Ĺ򣬾Ȼ࣬һЩȽǳ˿ڸѾʧڻץĵëĵطҲµƤëƬ̵Ĺģûôˡ
Ҷļ˴룬ԺĪҪץˣԼȥɣ
ת깫Ѿ˺ڻ漴ȥֻһֻͣҶζɢȥСꡣ


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ڰз¿ƺΨһܹƵ飬깫ںڻϣԼĺڻ̤ƶǰУյһԵҶ
ҶǼŽԱ߷УֻǱֽһ˶ܵڵĽԵֻ࣬ǵİʲôΣգҲۡ
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깫ҶһֻõҶպܼǺ꣬ûǶĺã
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ĻǺ˵һԵ飬ܿΪ
Ҷͨ깫㣬Щ֮󣬾ԺԼϼΧҪھˣԼÿŵھӣǺгɺȥ֣øϽȥʰ̯ӡ
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ҶĸЦĵϧôϵҪ߹հ˹һϵ±ȵعݻԶϼ֣
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֪ҶĸƶһҪŮ洳ЩϵҪǣҶļǵû챦쾧ԭŮõĲʯܴŮҪͿԽ챦ȥˡ
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ˣָɾֲ̫ˣⶫƺûܣһֱԹԵĴԼָϡ
һ֮Ѿ֪ɳ˶ԶҶĵͷһƣֻһƬãĲԭûб߼ʣȥһƬɫĺһ
΢̧ͷһƣͻᷢԶԶĵطԳһЩɫԭὥɸڣȻǰһƲͷĴ󺣡
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пܵĻҪֱӿʼƥ˹棬뷽跨Ĳ֣ͥһͱڰƥ˹ɽϣͣĻ˵ʮ꣬ϰ궼пܡ
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ҶɽеͲѼʮϰĵһˣЩ˵ǧ΢Щӣ£οʮꣿ
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깫νţǴŷ֮ĶԴҲ߱̾еĹЧ
ֻǰƥ˹ɽ붫޲һ·ҲǺ̫ƽ˻ͰȫһЩ
ԼڻҲδûͥǱͨŵ̡Ҫʱ򻹿úڻȥ̣깫ôҲͥô꣬ѻЩġ
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һɤӺ꣬깫ڵվԭأתͷҶĵµĹˣҪҶˡ

Ϊ깫ƥ˹ӴأԭںţƺûҪרɸɣҲȺͰƥ˹ɽһöԷһͳżһ￳ԼΪõİɣ
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ϳìһݣ͵ǰ̳վҶֻоһɼ֮ľƿնֻƾɾͼԽ˶
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ҶȴһìΪҶĲ˼̨ףͬʱΪͫΪãƽֶ˼񹦣ɱһìﲢѽӡ
ֻҶ̧֣Ȼ׼ǳìķʵʣʳָԼָббһ죬ָоͺű˵Ƶء
ƫƫһìҶһҶĽָںƵͬʱǳìë쵽Ҷָ֮䡣
ҶָһУһת֮£ìӲĶʱëҶĵؿֻв֣ȴֺҲǰá
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ʱ깫ͻȻҶ˵Ӿǰ˹ǵĹ۸вôʵǿҶҪСģ˵̽ͷһۣºȶˣҶŵǲصǣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦƲ˺ȶˣ
ǰȻó˺ܴǽֻһ֮˫żȴ鸡վףҪϬһָìǼֱΡ
ϬһָȻָֻȴһʩչĳģҶʹϬһָסıУʹȫߣ
ǰ˹Ҳ֪ǲΪӻôģľҪһ֮ҶĽϾˣŲɲôȵһ첲ʼղá
һʱ䣬ͽ


067 ŵ
ס֣˹
ҶָųìĽУϾĿŶİ˹һĺƽһǺܿͲòɿˡ
һޱȣȰ˹ղһìҪǿҿ˼ֱҶĵֱۣ˱ܵĻôԼ첲ܿιб˷ϵ
ҶĲͬʱһŮ̸Ƿֻһ仰͸¶ϣҶˣ²ʲôŮӣǾ仰ǵ͵Ůǿ
˫ָһɣԾǵľʹҶǰҽ˹Ҷĸ˿һ˳ì֮䣬ìì˺һƬìвȴɢҫĿĹâͺһС̫Ƶء
ųìϸְۣǸôҲǻʹֱʹôǿһˣҶȴΪղһƣΪ΢һ㣬ֱϾͱìһǺӡӣȻû˵ҲҶĶ߾ˡ
սǻŮŵȡ
깫ĿҪҶĿĶ࣬ҶĻûʱλˮѾ˺ԶҶµλǡû깫ǰ
ҶĿѯʣ깫ȽҶҪ֪˵˳˹ԴΪͥս²Եɱս֮λ󣬾ͶǶ޵˿˳ۣ
ҶһˣѹλǰսһҶľͶ˵ֱӿԭΪͥ˶Լְص룬ԼҲƽľ
λԺ˲پƣƾȽϹҲǿģֻǡ
ŵΪʲôҪס˹
һҶȴôˣȻ˵ƥ˹ҲìأʱʱҪڧӪһµģԴеҶģӦһӵϲŶ԰ɣ
ĿתŵȣλŮһӵ̬ԼϵĳìУʱԷͬʱλòǳҲǳõŮȻУȻʲôҲûãǸƺʱȡʲôƵء
ڴԷͬʱŵҲڴҶĵģӡеĶʿûʲô𣬺ɫĳͷϴŷڣһ׵Ƶĳ֮⵹ûʲôصĵطˡ
ǿ׳ҳҲ̫ȫϰƥ˹ŮԵĿ⡪ɽһЩζǵϲá
Ҷ֪ŵôԼ̾ͻᱩŭչʾһԼжôүǣ
˻ʱŵȿ˿ڣǡƥ˹ɽʲôﲢӭǣˣ
˹ʱѾָһЩղűŵ֮΢ָƬ̵ǰսѾ˹￴ŲԶҶˣʱѾûʲŵĳ嶯ģһƽվԭأҶƳһۺ󣬷״̬µİ˹ӿֲһЩ
ֻϧһڰ˹ͽԼò׻ָ˵ƻ˸һɶ˹ûбҪЩô
˹ŵȣλŮȫֻ˹Ѱǲ֪ģͬʱҲʲô˶ôƺġ
ŵȱҲϲֳƺͬΪƥ˹İ˹
üͷŵûкĻһ䣺붫ȻսĿǰȴںƽ״̬ҪԷپζԴλԶĶˣ
е˼Ÿ߰˹ս
Ҷ仰ʱƤȴһתͷ깫һۣ깫Ҳ͸¶ͬѶϢţ
仰пԵ֪λŵŮƺٴͥսȻ֪ǲ밢˹ʲôԹ뿴˹սĳƺţҶ˵һá
ֻҪỤ̊ôнİ취
˼ƽϣҶֱӶ깫ʹ˸ɫλͥԱȥŵȽһ£ǲսģƥ˹ģõĽھɽɵĳһ£Ϊɽѡ˵ԼòñԼκפĻ֮ڽɣҪصһ½ͣǲŻȻⶼǱϵĽڰˡ
깫ǰ򵥵Ľһ£ҶľͷŵȵɫúÿһЩ˹ıѿˣ
ƥ˹ڲȷΪɽɵһЩִѾʼǲҪǰˣ˹ԾϣսģɽɵĽɸһõĽڡ
ƫƫҶĺ깫Ȼšƥ˹Եɣ⣡ܵǵϼð˹θ˵
ŭһתɽϱȥһգ۵ĹͲӰλǰսѡ۲Ϊƣ
ŵһԿŰ˹ԶȥмЦЦ漴תҶĺ깫֣ԭôҴλɽɣ
ȻҲޣŵȶҶԼ깫ûʲôøУ˵ĵһкô
ŵȵ˳ݵĺ׳۵Ĵɽȥ깫һԳûҶĲһЩСʶϧҶĶЩû̫Ȥ鶼Ƹ깫Ժǰƥ˹ͣͽ꽫ˣ
ȻҶѾ֪깫С˵е깫Ҷж깫ӡӲС˵Ӱ죬һ뵽깫ͻ᲻Ծ뵽¼һ˵ͣƺš
齻깫ʲˣʵҶΪͥӦó⽻ʱ깫Աʲôˮǰ;ˡ
ֱƸɸɾģûʲôףЩҲó˹棬ʱһԲֱӴǿɾˡҶȫţͥڸٺôһɽɴɽӣĽӵĻܸͥɴ侮ʯ
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Ҫ۲ƥ˹ô϶Ҫ˼Ҳͣ˵껰˾ͽ˸ɽȥǻ̸ʲô۲죿
˰ƥ˹ɽҶҲûӰƥ˹ɽľߡȻڻüڰƥ˹ɽϣȥӰƥ˹־
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깫ǺôҲǿˣƥ˹ƺûһҪ߰ɣתһƥ˹ϰ붫ĲͬҼǧʱʱľҪһ̣ҲȷûбҪ̫
ôһ֮˵ûʲôˣ仰Ϊûαǰŵˡ
λǻŮʱչԼһתͷ÷ǳ׼Ķ˵λҰƥ˹ɽ͵ģôǻõԼʳдλűʲôͷĻ
ɽ˵˴˼伸ûʲô̫Ľϰ˵оֻһԣΪЩνԶ˵Ѿʲô鷳ˡ
ҶģҪѧϰһµҲò˼Ĺ򣬶ΪԽԽʶԽԽǿѧϰһµԲһ˲ˣڳǰѧ˰ƥ˹õԣȴ˿ûнϵϰ
ûϰܹ˵ı׼һַȻѧˣǸտʼʹõʱЩɬҪӦܹԽ
ŵȵĶ˵ô׼ʵҶе㾪ȣżӦûʹáܹսǻŮʹõĵطƺֻоĻ߾ˡ
깫Ҳ뵽һ㣬ɫҲ΢˱䣬ֻ¶һЦݣŵȵ˷ҶǰΪ˽һЩᣬȻʲô뷨
Ļãŵȿ˵ĿǻɣλŮ񲢲˵ĻĿǰ˵˵ĵģûֱӺ˷Ǽǰ·
Ƭ̣Ѿɽϣ·ҲƽͬʱһȺȺĽ˼˵ǰҶһƣȴЩɢɢڷŵķǳңƺûʲô
һͿһ䲻֪ǲǾ֮ĽһӦášԡصĽ
깫ҲЩҲе㲻˼飬ǰŵΪ˵һ£סɽϵԸ񶼺뵽ʲôʲôЩҲ뽨ͽ
ﻹ㲻סڣͲˣ
깫Ц˼ڰƥ˹ӲκۣһսΪǲ壬ʲôֵҲϡ棬ԼûҪЩС£
ҶͻȻƣ֣һ·ôûƼκεˣ
һ·ϣֻŵǰ·˸һʼɽʱ򻹲ϡ棬ôһ󣬶ĽҾƥ˹ɽҪĽҲԽԽˣôǿӰ
ѵƥ˹ɽûˣֻôǲܵģƥ˹ɽϻӦסЩͳļһЩ಻ǰ
ΪǶرܿȥˣ
ŵȵǲʲôԣġ
رܣ
ûŵûлͷֻԹԵǰߣΪҵĵǱ˱ܣ
һ仰˵Ҷզ಻ѣû뵽λƥ˹ȻôƣΪҪﾭһ·ϲ׼κ˳֣
һģҶĺ֣ĪŵһȺĸ֣˲ǵĴڣߵЩֶǰȥ峡
ŵڻͷһܰ׳յĿҶģֻҪͷųһ㣬ǾͿԵ֪ҵĵˣ
û뵽ԭô򵥣ҶԵеΣ漴뵽һϵȷв
һ󣬶˵һڱôƶƲرƽһ޵˾硣
ȴһ̤Ҫضɽҡ̧ҲҪӿԳţƣԶûбҪһǲųģܾܿôƽƽľͳˣһûأ϶ȸһѵЧ֮Ķǣ
ΪֲЩޱȵϤʵ϶ҲϤһ׵ġﵽѾϰֵز
ŵһ·ֻǺƽɽߣ˲֪Ͱһ·峡ˣֶⷬΣҲȷֵ̾һҶ
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깫һҾ֪ҶŻȥ󣬵˿ԵþţһԼĳ󣬰ͷ׼ȥ
ȥ֮ǰŵתͷҶĵڸ¡òҪܵĺã漴תӰûǺڰС

ʼ򣬺Ҷת׼Ҹطĥʱ䣬ǵ׼ĽȥʱͻȻһضɽҡǰҲȻһڣȵ۵ʱ򣬾ȻѩһŭĵԼ



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ţͻȻͷһۣȻˮͻĲܿƵĴ۾ӿҶĶ˫ַԼͷԼͷϺһֹ֣׵ˣȫʲô
̫˰ɣѩҶģȻƵԼȭͷ֣ƽʱһ
Ϊʲôңһֱ˰죬ҶĲžԼԴ΢ùһ㣬۵һȭȻԼŻֹҶһ֣ôôŻ
ǱҴɵ˰ɣѩһͬҶĵͷȻ󲻹ҶһԹԵ˵߰ɣѧˣ
ʲôѧȫûŪʲôҶģ漴ֱѩͻȻĳһ仰Ū˵ֱʱע⵽ԼʱһҵУԼһǳͨϣǰ
Χһ޶ԼҪ˵ʲôͬĻôһ̲ǳԵˮա
˯Ժ𣿡ѩ֣ѹɣ
㶵תԸнӲĲӣҶĽܵĻһ飬ղȷԼȷһҵУΧвѧƷʰԼĶ׼ȥѧ
ҶĴ￴һУ
ʲôѩֺݺݵҶĵ߰ɣûвμʲôѧУʲô

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ǰקԼѩһɫˮַһɫӶȹ˫ְֳ׵౩¶˿УһֱСŰһ㱡İࡣ
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ҶĿѩ⸱磬ԴһҡƺڸⲻǺƽƷƺһͣڸʦôûô
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ߡҶָָԼһȷģ
ȴѩӱӵı飺ҪȻΪԼʲôԷݵصĴɣ
ݵءĴҶܾΪʴôŤϸһȴҲûʲôֵģӡеĴǷݵء
ץץֻ΢е㳤ͷҶһǼĳȫȻˣͷӶûиס
ͷֳˣȥʱ˳ȥͷ̰ɣѩҶĵĶ󣬷ҶĵͷȻ㶼þûͷˣƽʱȥͷҽڶ㿪
ŶҶĻеԺһƺ֡롯ٶ
ԼѩСһ𳤴÷˴Сһ𣬴СѧѧٵмһѧУһ࣬ҵļҳҲΪߵһ
뵽ʱҶܾһֲʵУָоص֮ƺ͸ǿң
һŶԺķӣҶڲпڸԼʢĸףʱڵһллĿȴûдĸ׵ƿ
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ҶôһҶĸҲеˣҶԷʱеĲɣƽϲĲ˶ûжڡ
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Ϊ仰ҶڽܻԼķ䣬ȻŵطСȴϷԼָ鼮˵ķ䡣
ִϳһҶķеһٳһһС˵
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ԭҶĽŹغãȻ굽һŪҵӡеԼıء
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ҶĿŽߵӶԷƮЩ٣ͻȻһֽ䱧ڻеĳ嶯Լȴܲһ㣬ȻȻͰ͵˵˭˭ᵣ飿
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ѩͱһƬͨ죬ƾҶʩΪоһԼȥ˶ʼ΢΢ĲȵϰŵĲϱµʱͻȻоҶĵĶ͵һ١
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ϷôҶֽϵĶһԣָͷͣķĸֻǸͷƤ顣
ҡ˼ѩڴͷһڱСģͬʱϴԵľ⣺֣Ҷġ
ǲǻҪʲôҶҲŲϲأҶһһʼ;е㲻ԾֱղȷˣһвһĻþϵѧУôаƷеʽ
ҶֻһŭȻԼȫһֹĸоʲôһ֮ղżоٴԼڱڣԼת
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˵ǵѩҧǼ飬ҲΪһζʹø˱ȽϴĽչģѩǳڼ壬һֱûϵǼ˿ʧյǰҶһѡ
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ˣղԼƵԷ˵ξʱҲûжԷùԼͫȫ֮£Է϶Щˡ
ҶĿĵطؿڴڴڵĴһΪСǳɰŮԾ壬ԶһÿµƵҵĻþЩɱ
ԱŵǸŮһͷɶïܵĳȻɢͷϵķ˿ȴΪˮһȻɫе԰ףȴǾ˵
˺֮Ůһ·˿վҲķ˿˵ȷöԸѹְ˹˵С
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˵Żת׼صԼϢûϵһתͿӦôǸӣȻվ˵
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ҶָϵâԽԽۼָϵĽȴûܹͷųȥ
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ŵȻûųìȴûбİ취ҶģʱվǰȻҶģȴ˽̸
ܽ޵߯˹﷢ʲôˣ
ŵȱ˹һ깫ɽɽΪһЩԲŻǸȽеĵطɣͬʱɽɵĴڲӰƥ˹ɽͥĺƽ״ɽɶų⣬ھĵӡ깫Ϊ˵˹˹˳
޵ɾȻԸΪӣ˹ҲǺ棡
ڶɼɣҲ֪һЩģЩŷһЩзţһƽƽ˳ΪǿĴڣƥ˹ҲЩνġкܴȤǶɼ˵⣬Ǹ޷֪顣
û뵽վȻ֪һɲô⣬ͬʱԸΪɵĵӣѧϰЩͨ˳ɳΪһڵġ
Ϊ棬깫Ͷ˼䣬Ҳʼת˹յѾƫԭĻ⡣
ʱ򣬻ڵڵŵѾʼˣԼסͻȻͻһЩ߰ȤʱòҪĺã
Դк׼ȥ˳ҲÿǸҶĵĶʿ깫ĽУѾ֪Ҷľɽɵţһǳǿġˡðƥ˹ɽȵĻҲһĴڡ
һǿڰƥ˹ɽҴײָᷢʲô飬ԾȥͽűȽϺá
ϻû͸оһǿȻͬʱоɷǳϤǹɺƳʵһǿϢУǸԾǱסˡ
ŵΪǻŮͷȻǳҪȥ˼׾ʲô飬Ҳɣ̳׼ֱӳ˹ȥҶĳ֮ǰǰ
ǸŮӣҲǺųưƥ˹ɽĴڣƥ˹ɽŮ治١İܽ޵߯һ˯ŵ˹Ķӻ˹һﱾľͼΪɰóþ֮ԿɰСŮģʾˡ
˻Ҷͻʵʲô飬ؼԵɻǰս˹Ȼܽ޵߯ɷǻ빤֮շ˹˹ǰܽ޵߯һֱǰ˹԰ܽ޵߯Ϊ˹ԭҶͻʲôֵ顣
ǻ˹ȻκϵͱȽ鷳ˣ
˯ŵ˹ڤ˹£˹ŵ˹ĶӡҲʣĶˣ⼸ڵĻսоһһˣǽҶĽ˹ɱ¹˹Ҳվ˹һ붫ս
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λŮƺҪһӭҵĵұ˲ôϲֻӭķʽ
򵥵һ仰ŵľǰܽ޵߯ԼԶ˰˻˹Ļþ͵ϮҶģҶƵ˻þȻ׼ʰˡ
뵽ŵҲеͷۣʵ̫˷ˡ
ҶƼˣܽ޵߯һƽҲ֪ŮΪʲô֣ǸӺȫںԼһ
ģͺʲôƵأ
벻ףܽ޵߯ĿôˬȷԼǳ֮ŮˣҼȫԽνĶ˴ĵо
ǶҶ˵һƤĽթǣʱпҧԼһڡ
ǵϣУν밮֮ŮҲʲôرŮˣ
뵽һ㣬ҶķЩ񻰹µҲȫţһЩ˵еİ˹һЩçײļһֱǰƥ˹үеү
ܽ޵߯Ȼž˵Ů˵Ըļơ
ĿתһȦ˻˹ϣǻ˹ǸĶӣڻ˹ӡ󲻶࣬Ψһ֪ǸϲŪξϲԼɿɰСˡ
һ£뵽һͷƤ飺ǸξҲµ𣿡
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βóξģ
ξȻޱȵãණҶĸоŤɣξԼϣԼ֪
ǸĻ󻷾ȫԼۿʱǸҵӡ󣬰ѧУͥ
ҲΪǸеĲ϶ЩõеӡԲŻһֱǳǿҵĲЭС
ʶбȽǳԵļ䣡
˹û˵֪Լ㶫ûбҪҲҶĶڻþ֮ҪǿĶࣿԲ׵ƵԼĻþ
ҶûпΪ˼˹仰͸¶ļɣ
ʶбȽǳԵļ䡭һ˵һһεĿ϶ƽʱȴӵļ䣬ⲿּǺѱӰ쵽ģԻ˹ûа취õⲿֵļ䡣
ڻѩ覣ɾֻһС㲿ֵĲΪɡ̽鲻ûа취á
㵹ҵһԸⲻһŹ㣡
ҶĵĻü˶еͷԣŵȸǻһѰ˼ѵҶĻҪ֣Ͳ³׵ƥ˹ɽصĳͻ𣿡
̧ͷˣͻȻ֣ȴķҶľȻ˫ۣȻ˾ôվԭأҲûɢս⡣
ţֻҶĵʩͣ´ҵĻҪֻأ
ŵһ㶣漴һæתһƣֻ˹վԭأһ͵ĶҲ˫ۺʧȥ˽һ㡣
״̬ԼĪ룬ŵ׼ֲ˹ʱͻȻ˹˫ۻָ˽࣬һϲ˾֮ɫͬʱ亹৵Ĵ£һֱӹ˵ϣ˫ŵڴڵĴ
ʲô飿
һӦҶʹʲôڶӦҶĸ˹ʩչ˻һľ񹥻Ӧǲܣ
˵ҶƵ˹ĻþŵȾûʲôϡ棡Ͼ˹ĻȻǿҲ覵ģޣ㱻ƵҲֵ顣
ҪһӶ滷Ļ˹һľ񹥻ܣζ޷ţ˹΢һɱϾоһѾǧˣڻþ˽ƥ˹ûбΪ˯ŵ˹ڵþϣҲԼӡ
񣬾Ȼᱻһʿþ񹥻ܣҿ˹ģʱڶ޷ָŵȸе˼ǣҶǻе˼ˣ
Ҷĵȷˣȵ˹ľͲֻһˣֹֻأһֱľӾΪսᣡ񹥻Ŀ֮ڣЩͲҪ̫õʱ䣬ҲֻǼӵĹǱ߾Ϊȹֻضˡ
ֻصȷãֻ̫ķˣ
ҶĲɫʩչֻأεķԼҪһʱҿԼ֮ɱŻص㣬˱Ƭ̸ģ֮ʲŴʧѾָ˹ͬʱеƣ۵ʶҲõ˻⡣
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û뵽ƻþĻ˹Ҷĵʱ򼸺ûл֮ҶҲҾôĿŵĹˣڼ˾վڰƥ˹ɽϡ
񿴵ҶĸҶ֣ܽ޵߯ıޱȾʣлŲţͬʱô㲻
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Ͼܽ޵߯Ҳǰƥ˹ɽϵܾܲԼҵϱɱɣ
⣬˵λ깫׼ڰƥ˹ɽ϶һʱգôΪǰһʵסɣ
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ҶĲ﾿ʲô飬깫˹˵ģŵȵķӦ˫һĽӴǺѺõģŵѾʾԸҶƥ˹ɽסˡ
תͷɫе԰׵İܽ޵߯ԼɴڴŴĻ˹ϣܹΪһȽϰס
ȻŵҲˣһλеģ
ŵȹȻ˵ΪҶİŵסйҪƥ˹ɽĺɽȥˣһƬȺԵеưܣҼûʲôŵȾ仹õĹ˾ס
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˹ûлشҲǲмڻشҶĵ⡣Ҳǣڰƥ˹ɽϣ˭ðõڤˣ
˹˵Ҷļ֪ڤôңʲô飿
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ҶĴӹ˹ϸܵǿţµ̬ʵҶĲôˬ졪˹񣬾ͺͿһϲ࣬˵˹˭ģ
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˹Ȼ̬ҶҲûĵˣƥ˹ɽһղĹ⾰ļһûһ˻Ըϲȫޱļһ
ŵȻǰ߯˹Ҳ˹һһȵģԼҲͰˣ۹⿴ԼҶĿɲöֲǼͷ
ֻû˹ܵĶˣǸʲôӣ˹˵ʱûκα仯˵ǵġ
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Ҷģڲ˹춯ʱѾ˿վڹ˹ҲಢһҶĲûаڳʲôƣֻȻվŹ˹Ǳ䣬ɢɱĳ
ղŹ˹һûʲôҲ˵ƾǱͰǸʯΣ
Ǹʯļ̶̳ҶѾ˽⣬ǲЩҲ޷׵Ľʯû뵽һ̵ĴڣȴǱ׵һΪ

ҶĵһӦǴ˵еڤ֮ǿġ󲿷ֶԶ֪ʶӡУ˹ڤ֮
ǣһԵ깫ȴɫ䣬Ź˹еĳɫ任õİƥ˹ڤȻҲϱˣ
ԭڤ˹ԭǲñģ˶֣ҲǳֿȭһóԼϲʹꪵĺԼ׵ΪԼͬ˹óֿȭս
û뵽ǰƥ˹ɽȻڤ˹ӵһǳǿıǲ֪ǰϡʹã˵½ġ
½ģǾҪڤΪʲôҪһǳǿıˣȥƺþֻһˣ
˹΢Ƴ깫һۣȻûˣĿͣҶĵϣеĳôУ˿ûй
Ҷȴ˿ҷɾ裬ֻӸղһ¾Ϳ֪˹ּ伸ΪǰƶʲôӰ죬˵λڤԼԼ嶼ƿصľ磬κ¶ԽԼʩչ
ټǱڤ֮Ȼ깫ղŵĻУҶѾ֪ԼӡǴģλڤǸողŵõȻڤõģôڤ֮Ҳ
ڴʱ˹ųұͻȻббһ˦һĽҶĳ˹ȥ֮ڵ·ǳĺۼ˷ǳ˽⵽һжôֲ
ϮĽҶĲеţȻǿ󣬵ǻѲ˫ؿžĺ£һȻ˫ּɢһ͵Ϲ⣬Ҷ漴յơ
ϹȻһҶĵоͶһ£ԼһͿƳǱձҶֺֽ룬֮仺תɫ⻪ĽС
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ҶĲûκεмֻܶǼԼİνʱǵѾɱǰȴǡñҶѾγһĳ
뽣нһ죬֮žҹкһ˹깫һ㶣ɫ⻪Ǳ⻪ڸǵļƲеҶһҲһǻģ
һ仰ɫ⻪һɫĽٶȼ죬ҷҪҲǲܣһ־ס˵ע
˹Ҳ޷ŽɱԼǱֱһԶȶҾ޴ĽֱӽͬһޱȵĽ֮
Ѱղһǹ˹һҶĽסȻҶĻһ˹Ҳס
깫Уղһпɲô򵥣
˹һȻͷǷȴûʲôһƴΪǱ
ҶصһȴôˣǴҶľ㿴ĻҶĵǼӦǲ˹ġ
˹ȴôǰĳŲ˹ϸƱҶеĳ
㲻ϧûһӦеĶ
ҶĵⱾͲıȴҲԼȱʲôŶ֪ȱЩʲô
˹һӣǱɱȴǿ˼֣ҶǱڤ֮ԽŲ
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˿Լеոµĳ˹ƺ̸£һûɱôһϸ𣿡˵⻰ʱ򣬹˹ĿתҶĵϣˣǼ̶̳ȻǷ̶ȣѾܺˣϧȴȱɱԶɲı
ҶĲ˵мͬ仰۫ȻУ䱾Ҳɱ죬Ϊ߾֮ҲƲãҪøָķʽѹƷɱú󱲵ʹá
˵Եе϶ɱԽǿԽãûɱֻһͨĹߡ
ԼѰͬԼۼ壬ϸ˵Ļ㲻ϡ
Ҳ㲻Ҳںһ㣡
ΪԼ۶ɵ𣿡Ҷĵ˹ֲεҶȡʱѾƳҶıˡ
ǰɡҪȾɱǲҪԼɱ죿ΪһαҶĲɱ˿ûʲôȤ
˵һƺûǰֽŵĸоҶĻǹ˹ûнԼеСĽĿŶԷֻ˹ģҪࡣ
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˹ſڳ˱ϵı仯΢΢¶һЦݣˣֱֹӵԸ񣬲˶͵ģ
ȥȴʼƲصԸͬ˭ϲģҶĻػͬʱҲаǸç㵱ô
ߣһµĹ˹ȥЦݣŭһֽ֮˭û˹ôģǱƾʧˡ˹Ҷһ̽Ȼ˼֮󣬾ͼҶϴŵĽָͻȻһžҪ뿪Ҷĵָһ
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ҶĲָ춯֮챦ֱɫ뵣ȴǶ˽صľ˽ƣϾͺһ޴εݡ
Ŷ˹һȣû뵽˾ȻѹסǸָ䲻ԼƿأˣԤϵҪǿһЩ
𣿡
ҶȻشĺɣ֪ղһƲյУԼѾ߾ȫˡ
˹ֻƵ˼ģҶļѹסöҪıɪ֮䣬˼Ʊɪ֮ڰ֮Ľؾһ㡣
ղһ˲䣬Ҳָԭ˾ǰڤΪڤϷǵöָϣͺһĴһ㡣
ָָģ
˹ûûؽָ˿ûö֮䱾ר͸ӵģϲӣΪҲҲˣû뵽мһ죡
ҶĿû뵽ԼȻڤĶָֻƾɣ˾ͿԺԼƴˡ漴ףˣ
ģѾҪöָˣڤ˹һγǿջؽָʧܣҲҶֻöָĻʵ̫ˣӲŲֱӱʾѾָҲҪˣŰɣ
ȻҶĿ˹ӲͦˣһҪĶλڤ˵ҪͲҪҲЩȣ
˵˼仰֮ŵսĳ嵭˲٣ҶĴʱѾһͬʱǱҲѾɢȥҶ˹ôңң
һԵ깫ͺһĿͣڸһ׻һ֣Ǿǵ͵ΧȺڡ
ֻҶ깫̸ƺҲ˹񲻴Ƶλͥķˮ۾Ｘû깫ĴڣƬ֮󣬹˹ֱӾͶҶ˵ȻһԵ깫
Ź˹תԶҶҲûж˵ʲôֱӾ͸ȥ깫ԼϢҲˡ
Ҳû߳ԶֻЩƵĽдƬ̺󣬾һȽϿڣ˹˸õʯȥȻָָʯʣ˼ײˡ
ҲûλڤҶľֱȥ
˹ȵҶһһھԳĿ㻹һںһǸˡߣ
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ƥ˹ɽΪƥ˹붫羭սµԵʰɣ
˹Ϊڤܶ˽⣬ϱǾͲܹ뵽һҲʲôϡ顣ͬʱиҶľȵһ㣬ǹ˹ͱʾʵŵһϣƥ˹ɽ붫緢սּûκս
ƥ˹ɽ붫սһ־磬һзɾȻ˹Լ̫ˣȥ̣ͥԴƣ
һʼʱ򣬹˹ҲûʲôãǺܿͷ֣ÿսУԼĲӶʧءΪս˵˹ûʲô̫ʧΪƥ˹ɽǲֻһЩͰΪ죬ͳ캣Լڤʿ
Ϊڤ֮Ĺ˹ôԼĲֹ־бͣģҲĶʧȥģĳ̶ֳϣŵվͬһӪġ
˻˵ķٴζͥսǲϣ־ֹĽȥˡ
ϣû뵽ΪʥսսŵȺ͹˹ﾹȻսѣƺҸΪ
˽⵽ҶĿʼѰ˼β˹սͬˣǳɹĻôƥ˹ɽԶвͿ˳ˣԼҲϼˣ


071 һ˹Ϸ
㡭뵽ʲô𣿡
ļžҶĻǹ˹ƺûпڵ˼һֱڤ˼Ҷĵıһ仯ųֳš
ûʲôҶİеöɪ֮䣬Ҳǹ˹˵ö֮䣺ֻǼȻڷսôֱ˵Լ뷨ͺ𣿡
˹˹ֵܣ˹ǰƥ˹ɽǶڹ˹ҲǲܹԵİɣ˹ʲ˵ǷģôսĿ϶вһʱֵܶԣΪ˹ƺҲûһеĶͥս¡
ΪһЭ飡֪ҶʲôĹ˹ûֱӾͽҶĺ˵˳ǼֵܼЭ飬Բܳںĵ飡
ԭƥ˹յʱƾǿʵܿռһأΪҵںĶ°ƥ˹ʵͣ½óԼһأ״ø߰İƥ˹ŭˣ³ɼһ𣬲ǩһЭ飬ʾ¹ذƥ˹ɽλ飬˹ľ
Э鱾ȻûʲôԼȥУ˭Υˣôǰƥ˹ͽƥ˹񽫻ͽƲã
˹ΪڤҲ׼ȥһΧ˵ͽ
ͥս£Ͱƥ˹ĵλʲôϵ
˹Ц£ûйϵ˹Խǿгһ𣬲Ǽ仰ˣ
ôһ˵ҶҲͲҪˣѾˣ޷Ǿ˹԰ƥ˹ýĸСƥ˹һɣ
ֻҪһڣôƥ˹Ϳö֮ķս˹ͲʹҲֻűɳʿ뵽ⳡ־һսȥ
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е˻˵֪˹һδսɽǰƥ˹ɽϵ̫ˣ
Ҷ˹һ󣬱ΪǸսΪĵֻǸҥԣû뵽˹Ҳô˵˹Ϊ˲ֵͣܵԲŻȥͣķսģҰڶϷһЩ
˹ûҶģͷȺ貵ҹգЩʿٶ࣬˵ҲǺ飬ʿνֻҸеܲҵʵûκӰģ
ңҲһԭ˹ʧЩʿ˵˾һȺȺڻңϰƥ˹ͥ·ʽͬǸͲʿĴפֻǱطҵҲˣҲ඼ĳĳԳͬʱҲǳȥйơ
ң˹߲Ҫ˹ôʿĶѸûпǵıҪֱķָʤҲˣϾ⼸ֲֵ֮ͬһԶм仹иͳıפš
ĵĻѵͲЩϷ𣿷ǵȥ̣Ҷĺܲ˹뷨Դ벻ĽƷҲǰƥ˹ͷͷԴӦòôûðɣ
˹ûŲԼߣй˹ҪѡγһЩǿߣȻȥĵطѰһܹɹͻõķͣǸλ
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˹ᶢ߶ﲢ֣ϹһĶųȤϰ¶䣬ĵмһʿȥѰһпܲд߶Ҳȫ˷顣
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Ȼ󣿡˹ƺһĨЦбɳȥǿ߶ûлݳǰɺԸǴµףͻȻɢЩȫˣ
ҶĲ⣬ĸһ߶ץˣǲ⣡߶ﲻô˵Ҳ飬˹ѡһУƺûֿ߱ǿߴڣ˹˽ӶûУּܹ޵
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˹ɳȥǿ߶֮̾͸ϵЩףɢ˵ĵطȻȥѰһ߶
ԭɫɳȥôߣλϵͳץҪԼʩУô˵ɹˣ
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˹뵽ʲôǳĵһΪԼ³ç˴ۣһͷײ˰¶ǰõĽ統Уһһ붼òǱѩصУ
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һҶĲ֪ǲԼĴûпڤ˹ڣû˵仰һȴôһ䣬Ȼô
֮ͲôѰ˼ˣÿͺйһͥսȻսĸָչǲƣżҲữͨʿģȥһЩ뵽ս˽ʲôġȻЩһⶼޱĴڡ
ҶͻȻûһ飬󼹸һ󷢺
еʱ˹һ併ٵеȻһͨĺɳڳչֳ˵սղ뵽սȥÿζѡսսȻһмص˹ı嵱Уͺ÷˵һοĴսһÿζ
ҶƤһ˹ΪʲôôڷսˣΪ˸ǸԼѰһʵսˣǸԼܹŲһ飬մﵽǲĿġ
ԭҪսǸԼһȽϺ̨ˣ
˹ڽԼĿҹ˻ΪԶѾĳһ˿⣬ۿžҪˡ
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ҶĵȷһʵĽ飬ԴǸ˹ΪսϷ֮뵽ԽǸֱ統С
ؼǣǸеҪﶼҵĵ
ŵȡй˹ҪʱҲԳܸף⼸λֻ֮Ҫ׼һЩȺԱ㹻ˣ
Ψһ鷳ĵطǡȱһҪĹߣ
ʵȻϲսϷôǾ͸һսϷˣ
˹û˵ж¶һʧΪҶĵķӺŵȲ࣬ǴϷݳϷ
ȻⳡսϷҪ㹻棡
ҶʵҲܹ뵽ƥ˹ڴӶ벻һֱ޷ʵʩҪԭ򣬾ܹóս棡˹ѾֱӴսҪּһսѰáСǼǲܵ顣
浽ˡʵϾһս
˹Ŀ΢仯һ㣬ģԾһġ̬ﾲĿҶģҪ뷨
ȻŵŮǷսģôҲһϵɣΪŵⳡսϷλݽս˫Ӧûκİɣ
û⣡
Ҷĵ˵ͷʲôǾΪƥ˹һԱǾԲƴսġҲλµҲǲܻƴսİɣ
˹ĬƬ̣ǵ˵ͷ
ҶĲ֪˹ΪʲôĬҲ˹Լʵν飿ͲҪǵˣֻҪ뷨˵ͺá
ʵܼ򵥣ŵŮ˹ѡͬķʽ뵽սϷȥͺˣǾͿԺ޹˼ɵԷƴһԷɵˣҲǰһлصԼı֮ڰˣ
е˼˹û˵ʲôһȴһǳŮҶĶİǻŮŵȵŮ֪ʲôʱȻǱһԣ
Ҷûв˹ƺ֪ŵȶһԿţӶûתϰ㣬Ҷġ
ŵҲ˿û͵ߵԾ¶Լ֮󣬾ֱҶ˹ǰ˿ŵǸʯ档
ԶǿߣĽȤ˵һ˵Σ
ҶĶŵǱһһʵû̫⣬һŵȶصλúԶŵȵԼǿҲޣԸҿԼ̫ص̫ĻôľͻᱻҶķ
ôԶľ룬ҶĲΪŵȿԶԼκвĹԼԼûзŵȲһԣҲʲôˡ
ǹ˹û뵽˹Ȼôǿ
ʵܼ򵥣λֳһٵϣȻһȺһսҳ֮Ϊʥսˣ
ĻλеһҪ塢һа񣡰аһҪأһǴűصţȻһʥս
ţԱĿķսȷԳ֮ΪʥսĻŵȵ¶˷ǳõЦݣ߿ʼչ¶ĳΪ֮ʧɫ
˹ɫûʲô仯ٻܿһ㲻ĻǲҾҪǸصһ
Ҷʼ򣺡ҿûô˵Լͺˣ
ȻΪڤôȫԴŽе˱飬رΪڤŷսԡְʵ̫ˣ
ŵȵĻ˹ֻǺһȻıԹ˾䣺ҲƹܲƸͿ

ڹ˹Ȼλ治ֻ֪֪˹ڤƹеԼֻ߲ܹڤ磡
û뵽˹Ȼλֻ˵ڤֵ̫ˣڸ˹˹ϵâôһᵽ˹ֵĵһӦڤڶӦ
˵Щ֮󣬹˹תͷҶģòϣˣнԣһ㡭
ʲô
֮ս޷֮սᲢۣǴʥսŶеս㱳֧֣սļҳ̶ȣ¸е⣡
һȷǺҪһ㣬ǲμӹʮ˴սϱȥμӼ֮սһͲΪͬһġ
˹ԾζսеġϱȥսжôȤɣ
Ͼڰƥ˹Уͺûʲô
Ȼ֮ͨս϶ʲô˵ĵطսҪߣͨ࡭
ŵȺ͹˹仰˵Ȥ
˶ԼҶڽ˴𰸣ǵۼһ˲пϸɸѡģӵԶǿսʿҳΪʥʿ


072 Ϸ趨
ʥʿ
ŵ˹ҶĿеʥʿһЩ棬Ҷļ򵥵ĽνʥʿǸʲô֮Լһŵӡ
ӵǿʵ𣿡
˹νǿʵŻɵ̬ȣҶĿֽСǰû˵ֶûһֱ۵ӡ󣺡ˣȻ㱾Ƕõİɣ
Ҷһתͷ˹һڹ˹⡭
ʵСҲûҶı˫ۣ˽ɫ뵣ȴǽصľһемƣҲģ
΢΢ָ̧֣յĶгһưȻҶƺ£һյĶ͵һ˦˦ͬʱָ˳ſ
ǹ
һ貵ǹѾİƥ˹ɽų˶ĿĹâЩǹڿлһѤõĹ켣ɢƬƬɫмƯڿС
ҶûнһɽկκεطֻǼ򵥵Ķſ˦һ֣ǰ˵Ѿ㹻һеˣϣ
ʵģ³ԭĲ٣ܻǿֻŵĸͲҪȥˣ
˹°ͣǻûȫɢȥĽɫмһĬŵǳһ֮ȿ˿ڣʽܻ
Щƥ˹УһеȷĿԺԲˣǵ뵽һнֻǡ෢ˮƽôֵùעˡ
˭ΪղһоҶĵʵϾŵȻǹ˹ٵ̽ҶģԶǿ߾мＸ˴»Щ˽ģԸղһУĵȷȷֻչʾİˡ
֮⣬ղҶõҲϸĹ۲£ȷȤƺ
޷ɣ˹һ۾˳ǿ۹⣬ҶģС棬ǺֲܴڵֻһĹ˹ԼҲģĳ
ŵҲˣҶıͲС˽۾֪ʹõܹס˵۹⣬ԶƳСƣ˿⡣
ǾϸĶ޵ĻôԳܵ߸г̶ȣһֱȽϳɫ࣬Գܵڰ˸У
ҶɰԭеĻСȻνĵ߸Сڰ˸еĻַǳģҲνˣЩҪ̫⡣
ͬʱԭе趨ȼյڰ˸СпʹһƪﵹûǸǰƪейӣɼļ޾ˡĳڰ˸еԷһȥĲ룬˼ҿŹ⻷ģο
ɽԼ֧ɽޡҶĵȻܵС棬һЩķǵ壬֮屾ͱѰǿ࣬СĸȫԱ⡪ϴ˷ȥҶĻŪһЩǳɳʥ¡
ԣձˮƽᱻڵ߸֮£ҲһȽϰȫĵȼǰƥ˹ɽıڵײʿдƹ㣬Ҳ˶ʵǽвͥ
ҲҶĸù˹Լŵȿԭ򡪡ǱֶײʿǾܹʵҲ޷һ¾ΪǿĴڡ
ֻóȥʥսϷűȽ˷ģǰƥ˹ɽҲӵɽǿȵķĻζŰƥ˹ɽͳµгΪԽǿܣ԰ƥ˹ɽЩԸǲֵܳġ
ĻôνʥսǺ׳۵ģ
ŵȼһ˲ͽǰԼһϵӰ˵˸ͨ͸ǻۣܿǴڸ࣬ô֮ҲԴһ쳣ĴսȲ֮սЧϲ̫
ҶĸղŵʾѾŵףֽСΪó컪Чˡʱټӵͷʲôʥʿеʱǹ٣ЩʱٶȺܿ죬ͨһ⣬ųƹҲûʲôԵĵط
ŵȿɲ֪Լ˼һͷ䵹Ƿĳ趨ֻǾֿʹãһΪԽһ̶ȵĶǳĺ⡣
ȿǷӳǿʵ׳ĴսһΪսһǿߣвƥ˹һƬϵĵλ
˹Ҳһ뵽Щ΢΢΢ЦҲ֤ڤ˶Ҷóǳ͡
ܲôǳʥսҪ߾ʹˣֻҪҺŵȷֱԵĶʿ֮ôͿԽⳡϷˡ˹룺Ҳǿ΢˼ȥ
ŵȶԼġסҲ൱˽ģֻҪ˵뵽һĵķʽ׼һġʥսʤô˻ǳ˷ܵȥģҪȥ룡

ƥ˹ɽϵ񶼶λ˹㹻˽⣬ҲΪԼı˹ĲǸĵɫУͲɽ϶أ
һ뵽㣬ҶͻȻ뵽ϣһĻǲ˹ѡתصŵһȻʥʿһսʤڤΪƺĳΪǳ
ͻȻ뵽һҶĲ֪Ϊ뵽ԭԭҲǱһ趨Ǿ޹ִ˲֪ٴεʥսܻŵһʤˡ
ʱ̸۵ĽѾҶˣŵ˹ҪԱ˿ʼʥսľ屳ʼۡ
һԵҶҪĽʱʱһ仰
磺ҾñصŵŮҪһʥȫΪ˽ĴӪͬʱҲʥʿĵط
ڤҲԼڤ翪ٳһС֣ҲΪ̨֮һͬʱҲµڤʿĻأ
ڤʿ˹˿ҶģڤĶʿ𣿵ǺУ
ʥʿԼڤʿҪֻ̫࣬Ҫѡһ־ͿˣͬʱԻһЩȼ
ʥŪһЩؿһȻĵ˾ҪһһصĴȥÿһﶼһųʥǿĶʥʿ
ڤҲôţȤ
˵󣬹˹ŵ˶תͷҶģҶ첻ԣֻô
ô
һʼ뷨ˣֱ˵ˡ
ʵҲǴǵеõаˣЦҶʶԼղе˷ˣĻȷ̫ע⡣
𣿡˹ҶĵĽͣתټ⣬Ȼŵ̸ۣȷѳֿ񱩵ҲԿһЩʲôöʿǸõʹ
ҶĲòЩһǻۣĻû͸¶ʥµѶϢλԼ뵽һ㡣
ңŵȸѾ˸ϸµ뷨ʵղҶ˵Ǹʥʿǻּȼ飬ģ뷨ҲҿԸʿṩһֿףǴϺܹõĲǷֵεģԴҲֶʿǵĵλ
ţȷǸð취
˹ķӦе䵭ƾֵȼķʽҲΪΪʿôԸ㻨һõѡѾ˾ģҪԼڤʿ䱸ͬεĿףݽ׼Ƕƶһ¾ͿˣѡλߵļˣȻεһ˺͵ͼһˡ
ŵȴȻͬѾ˷ǳϵҶ˵Ǹϵ
ֻͻȻһ䣺ҶģǸʥսĹٸȽϺʣ
ʮ
ŶŵȵЦݺܹ죬һ֪Ѿ˸ģ
ҶҲںѾˣλʡ͵ĵƣЩСп϶ǵġ˹ûʲôӦȥٸʵףΪжϳҶľҲǶԼûв顣
ŵȣôһ䣬ȫǳڸ˵ĶȤζŵȵԸ񲢲ôϲһСǼ
ôʲô֣
ƽʥʿѾ˵ôˣٶҲ޷ȻһľǰʥʿٵͼľͭʥʿȻӱˣЩᱻΪʥʿʥʿĳƺֻЩõ˵֡׵˲ܹӵУʥҲǸ߹Ĵڣ
ŵЦˣЦķǳģ۾Ĳ࣬û뵽˾Ȼôģ
֪ΪʲôҶĻһ飬е㷢䣬ͬʱǳĸоԼоʵͬʱ˹Ȼ¶ЦݡһſϷЦݣƥ˹ɽϲֵĶԸ
һ󣬶ŵҶ˵˹ֻһţһֱȫ֮λڤ˲վܽƵ˵ôˣµĶʿڤʿǻڤµĿʥʿսҵĽ֮졭
˵꣬תֱȥµˣԺʲôҪıľԺ˵Ȼȥѡһʺϵٳļٵڤ磡ڤȻϷҪٳһ磬ǴڤлֳһְΪڤĻأ
Ź˹Ȼ˸߲ҵˣҶͻȻðƥ˹ɽĵĿ²ֻ˹һλڤҲ൱ˣԵһϷʱ򣬻Եô
ŵһĿŹ˹ȥȻվһԵҶ˵ǻط̸ɣȻҲҶλӦ·ͳԶһֱǰš
ŵҵĿ׷糿ԵôҶĵĶȴһεв
λŮʵҪ·̫ˣȴⷢҶģԸ
ò״Э飬ܹǣס˹Լƥ˹ҶĿɲϣʱ򹦿һ񡣲˵ģֻҪƻܹ˳ʩУ˹Ǹϲ̵ɫȥμεʥսôٶʱ䲻Զ
㲻꣬һĹ⾰ǿϹȥģһ˳˹ϷĻôͿÿٶһʥս˹˹̶ǲ֣ôͥԼɽ˵ڳ׵в
ٲãܹƥ˹ɽһɽҲ㻵°ɣҲھӣ
ţҶķƺƥ˹ɽıԵȥƬ̺ŵȾȻֱһսתҶģƺڵϳ
Ҷһ֮һҲսǰ׵ŽɫƵսеƣŮ˲׼Ҵ˵ĵطɶɶɣ
Ѱ˼ţŵս֪ʲôʱѾͣïܵԭʼɭһĻҶԽĲ
ˣԼȥɣ
ҶڴͻȻûһͣűһƣͲܿƵĴսϵȥҲ֪ŵôģͽһּΪǿҶڶʱʧȥж
ɶ˵
ǿᣬӸ߿ˤҲʲô飬Ǳһ㣡ŵΪʲôʱѾïܵɡһڣȵľҶƿڴҲ̫ˣ


073 ߯˹
ïܵ׹䣬֦農ͣҶϻѾ൱ǿᣬֻһ࣡
ԣһ׹Ҷľе㲻ˬǲĸʲô˺ïܵڣľɫ֮Ҷľ;ͷƤһ顪峺׵ˮУһòֻľΪ֮ŮԣںޱȻнš
ûüʵķӦʱ˾ѾһͷҽˮУˮ׸ߣȻȵˮ֮ȴûмκ״
ɣ֪ˮ
˿˿ҶĵĶУˮҲ˿޷Ӱλȡ
ˮˮǳ峺ĵطҲһԿӰ
ʵҪǸŮߣҶĶˮҲͬĿǸվڱȽǳĵطϵһС
ɫһֱλãϸ֫˫ȱֱ޳ֻ⼸㣬κΪ֮
ˮҶǰһ㣬ŵ̤סˮײҿ˶ǸŮ˵ʱ˸ࡣ
ײɢ΢â˼ԼͷһӡŮƽһضָ߹ϢֻʱŮֱǴһͱۻұۣһѾԹ
ʱŹһżʸָ˸źɫѪһĹâǴָϵĺ챦ʯָ
ʸǰңңҶģͬʱŮ˵ɫҲôÿˣӦ֪ҿӻʲô
ʲôҶ治֪ʲôһЩƷеĹƺԡҡá˺мŮϴĺôأȢΪޣ
ǸŮǹһ˿ЦӦ֪η壿
Ҷʼ򣺡ʵҺܱǸҸһжһᣬôǱݺģ
֪ǸŮ˵ıûκεı仯ղҾ͸оŵǸŮ˵˸ùǵǸСǼһӻˮŮˣŻὫ㶪
Ҷıһ֪ͣӦô⣡û뵽Ů˸Ƕһ֪ǿƣƺ׼Ϊ֪ĻԼһ
֪ľ׼ɵңȻһźʱᷢһսҶȴ˿޷нŵĸоԭΪǰŮ˾Ȼô̴̵վ乭ƺûаڵ˼
֮ǰŮ峺ˮԡûʲôڵҶĲˬͷĳʱǳİǵǳǡסǰ֮
ɲ֪ŮѾһ˼׼ʰһ϶ᵽ˵ģˣһŮ˲ڵıҪ
ǵģ֪ԭ򣬲ⲻͿԿҵۣŮ˽еĹֵһ·λղŽҶĵĻôʱ׼ҶĵҪ
ҹ͸һɲƽƽļʸǷ΢ĺ⣬ҹеһͬʱ͸Щĺ⡣
Ϊܹ׵ȥҾ͸ҵֺˣҾ֮񰢶߯˹Ů˰˰ͷԼݷǳĽ
ͬʱҲܹҶĵϿԼ־ı飬Ͼ߯˹ڰƥ˹ɽ˲֪˲ΧҲš
ϧʧˣҶĲǰƥ˹ɽԼΧľǸɽûáҲ깫Ů˵һЩƢԣҶĿ϶֪
֪࣬Ů˵ݰˡ
֪
ʲô
Ů񰢶߯˹
Ŷ
ƥ˹ɽϳ㣬벻˭ôĿŵΪԼϵװ֮
ǶͷϵӡǻֱıۻʾŮ˵ݣϰƥ˹ɽط׼ַǳԣҲû˭ʹЩװԼŮ
Ȼ֪˭ôӦ֪ҵʲô³
Ȣô
ҶĵȻںȲ˵ŮûʲôøУͬʱҲ׼ڵҲİƥ˹ɽһ˸񡢾Ŀ顣
οǱŵȸģЩƥ˹ɽϵŮǾԶ֮ʱͰ߯˹ֻŪȥĶֽԭļƻƻ
߯˹ƺҲƳҶĸںҲûټҶķϻֱ׵ĸѡ񣺡߳Ϊ¹ԶҵѡһŵȴĿ棡
ٺΧãƥ˹ɽһŮ񣬲òڣҲǷǳǿᣬŮȴޡҲΪΪŴӵҲκʲôǣͬʱǵҲûκεĺɫСĵô͸ˡ
ǱɱǱ÷¹ȻĿţ߯˹Ҷĵѡ񣬱֪Լû˭ͼȾָλŮ
ѡ
ڿףŮ˸ûаҪú˵ﳶô䣬ҲΪΪţԽ˼㡪ŮУҶǰôʱ䣬൱ʴȵľٶҶӦñŸжģȻбɱ
ϧҶ˿ажģŮԴе㶺סڰƥ˹ɽϣԴˣ
Ҿܲ㣬ô뿪㻹ûͺˣ
ҶĻ˻֣漴Ҫ뿪ĽŻûü͸оǰһľϮٶ֮켸ûκηӦʱ䣡
ǰվˮеʱڸоԾһ˲䣬ͱԴ޳棬ڵԽĿ٣ǰһͷ͵ͷһѾóȥˡ
ƺ𲻴󣬵ʵϻкܴģó˵ͬӣһһԿ׾һһԿ׾Ѿȥˣ
ҶĵľһҪȥʲôоĳ߯˹һȻףҲӦԣֻҲԽ¡
ȻҶ΢΢һͬʱһΪ۵ĵϲһɢ󣬱ٱҶŵ֧ôͣ˰յУʸϻתĵɫ⻪ƺҲһɫֲ۵Ĺ⻪ڼʸؾ󼸺Ϊһ壬漴֧ʸôֱֱ䵽ˮ
ҶֻվԭأĿһУİ߯˹Եе㾪ˣ
ΪᱻŵȶˣȻеûҲŵԶֶˣ԰߯˹ǸŮ˵˽⣬ȫһַ浽ӦҲ̫ǿ
ϾļΪǿᣬôŵҲô׵ľͽץԼ˼ûеֿͱŵȶʵ϶ޡ
ô룬Ҳ뵽ҶĺŵһӪģŵȫҶĶŵս˽⣬ŵȵĵݺһ¡
Դһʼ߯˹ͶҶżΪжϣ˵ԼΪһȻɵĽʱ򣬲ŻԵôȡ
㡭
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ҽҶģȫ˰߯˹ĹвһǰŵͬʱԼ֡
ҶʲôûȤֺܿûдڵˣ߯˹Լʵż˵ţ˵ͬʱϵļʸѾ˳ȥټɣùˣ㹻˵ĻҲܹڤң
ƥ˹󶼻ڤ磬߯˹ȻϲǸطżҲȥһˡ
һټԲ˵µټҶûʹޣ̵ܹʱжϳʸǿȣһԼڵľ룬޵Чܺá
һ̧ʳжָ΢΢һ֣Ȼ͵һУǸ˸»ļʸӲıҶļָУ¼ʸ΢΢ƺڱԼĲִŵĻҪǰ۵ָ֮£һеù
һΰ߯˹ľˣɫͬʱԾһСͬʱҲ΢΢ţǳľĶһǰķ˿ҲΪһԻ
Ŷ
ָеļʸӽˮУҶ߯˹ϴһ£ССۣͦͦÿģ
ȻûнԼ˵Դ͵ȴĳģİ߯˹ǵһʱͲҶڴʲôæǰķ˿һ£ڵס˱¶Щ֮ŵԹͻȻ⻪һȵ⻪ɢȥʱ򰢶߯˹ŵѾһ˱ǹ
ɶˣɣ
ҶĶĹ⣺ʵǹһõѡ񣡡
Ը⣬кַܶȥӦ԰߯˹ĽһܽռλŮıˣû顣
ָһţȻ΢΢һ£͵һתһ仯ڹ˹Լŵǰչʾٴαģ˳
ͬʱҶĻ˽ɫ뵣̫ҫ۵Ĺâð߯˹Ծ˫һУͷǰƺһССͼ֮͸оһƬõǹ⽫ԼΧԼΧͣǹȫκ
ʲô
ֻʶķʣûָκεĻش𣬵ȴڶǸ˵мת
⻪ȥΧƮɢĽɫƺʾŸղŵһвǻþǸѾӰ߯˹űǹ־ôԭ˫Ǹڰյĵ㶵ĳֱһ󣬲Ŵľɫлع
ɶ񣬾Ȼˣ
һ飬̧ͷգ߯˹ѾȷǸȻޱȻǼûκɱעֱ֮ӷȻԶݶȥ
ȻɵһվǽɫĹ㷢
ͬʱʱҲʶ˵ʵԼԤϵĻҪǿ࣬ƾô̵һ˲ûӰӣͿȷĻԼþܹӮԷ
ӮһӮɱȻһЦ̸
ɶŵȣ
һ֮󣬰߯˹Ѿ˹ŵȽǸ˶ԼǸ˵鷳ͬʱҲڹԼ
ųԶκνͬʱðԼԶնɱŮһӿӣûнǸɱҲûнɹ¹ôô
ȫԤϵģǸС۵ĻŮ˻ὫµĴ֮϶ڰƥ˹ɽȻ󲨡˵ˣԼǸͻǳע飬Լӵͷۡ
Ŀģø߰ŮܣǸŮĵ飬ͬʱҲĿġ
ȻǸŮ˰һֿʼ֣˾ʲôˣ


074 
صסҶֱӾϢˣ깫ҲûпѯʲôֻҶĻʱ£˵һ䣺˰ûġ
һһߣ˵ϡеһʯѾٵ˸ɴڵϴϢ˵ΪǼ겻ϢҲνҴҲһԻָ
һֱʱ֣缸һƵıɴҶתͷѾһͷȻɾ깫
꽫㲻𣿡
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ƽķʳͲҪȥˣ깫Ѿ֪ûгԹķʳ
ȻоƽѾϰˣ緹зԻʲôԣܻоʲô飡
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˵ǸԼĪʮģɢһԺӵʣ㲻ܹоĵĴڡ
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ȻҶĻûȥѰңһԺӵɱѾסҶģ˳оתͷһ۾ͿǸŮ֮񰢶߯˹ԻļʸĻôҶĴʱѾˡ
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޺޵߶˼䣬޷ǾҪԼעɢһԣΪǸŮĿƺԽԽˣŵͻȻðһ䡣
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Ŷ˹һʧɫǸôǹװģر٣ѵԶĿҪռĪڼ˰߯˹֮ҪΪУŶɲһ׵飬Ҫ֪ǧԵ룬ȴûһܹɹ
˹̨һÿŵ֫Լٴ˵ŭյĸʢ̨ʡ
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Ůв֪ʲôʱѾסԼԹֻܱסԼŮϣ
ҶѾĿɿڴˣ˹ȴٹƣ˵ĺãԼŮôݣ׼ҪҪ󣡡
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ͬʱ˹ƺӻյĲʢϡ
ȻҶΪӶԶĿˣҲò뵽ôѪȵľУôⳡͲҪעˣ
ʲô߯˹̱˲ѵΪǿˣͿһɴݵ뿪ƥ˹ɽ𣿡
Ȼ˹ޱϵ¶˺ͯĻЦʧһҪֻۣⳡŻᾫʣ
˹˵ô໰޷Ǿⳡøÿܹġ
ҶˣôźҶҪԶڰƥ˹ɽˣԶλ߹Ů񡣡
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ҶĿȷԼȷǲµŵȵĴˣԼĿת˹ϵʱվԱߵĹ˹ҲĳԼʹɫһҶĸȷԼжˡ
ԭչʾһֻ𣿡
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ⳡʤߡ˹˻ûлعʱ򣬾Ѿ̤ߵ˳Уͬʱ߾˫֣һǸ߿ţλǿġԶʿҶģ

ȻҶĸղһ쳣עĿ֮ĻҲ˾̾Ůƺûе°ǸӺ˶ûܣ
Ҫɵʱվԭصİ߯˹ͻȻһΣȻֽŵԹҲһ˲仯˻ҳһɢ˿УŮֱǰȥͨһˤżӲʯĵϡ
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깫ʱҲ֪⻹⣬ĵǶҲֻҪҶԸĻȢӶû⡭
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ֻûü³ϵ˹ͶҶ˵˾䣺ȻѾӣԼܾôϣô˵ˣǲǿ鷳չһҵŮ˹¶һôôҶĲ˳۵ЦݣϾǱģ㻹ٵϲı
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ŶҪСһˣҵŮϲɾһӣƯڿеİ߯˹ٷҶģҶֻҪſ־ͿԽŮڻС
Ҷķǳɴѡ񡪡һ󲽣˿ȥȻĿŮ˹һ˦˦˵ϣͨһ졣
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076 õֳ
ʵһᣡ
ҶĲ㳡ֹļžԼڶҪʬĿ⣬ʶԼղĶ˼ƥ˹ɽĲ

Щүôһ⣬ǼŮôҲôĿ⣿
ϾһЩûҶĳ˹̯֣ոսֻһϰߵıܷӦڿٷʱжܶ
𣿡˹ıҲǺܺÿϾһֱΪԼĶŮ¼ģ˵аƥ˹ĴڣԼŮ޸ˣû̹ڵϸмˣȻڸղ¶㿪
ǵģ
ܳԼǹģΪղһ˲뵽ǽסô鷳࣬ȴ˿ǲӵĻ¾ͻһѵ鷳
һ˹ӦҲԼҲǵýԼŮ޸Լ˰ɣ
ǣ˹¶˷ǳõЦݣһ߹Цһ˵ԭǸղҴ
ӻ֣޹Ůٴη˿УȻ󻺻ƮҶĵǰһҶĿûʲôˣֻֽ߯˹ס
úչҵŮ⣬òҪԼմĳ
˵תһֱվޱĹ˹кһҸطϸ˵˵ǸϷ
˹ûн˹ĻֻתͷҶģȻתֱֻǵĴһŶֹܵĽǽ˹ıôһҲڴоС
һͿԵ֪˹ҪٰͼıҶ밢߯˹ľ޷⣬ֻһˣ
±Ű߯˹ɵվԭصҶģ˹˹һ·ȥǣǿԼҵطȾ죬Ҳ߸ɴȥԵסϢȻ˵ϢѾ˿п޵ġ
ȻҲвȥ֮ǰݺݵĵҶļּۣ޷ΥģʹвҲ޷ֳ
ҲΨһֵҵľǻ԰ƥ˹ԼԲǿȫڴ߯˹ڻԼĻһЩʱҲԳûפŮķ
ʱûһлǹҶĽ߯˹ȢţʵܹοԼŮˣ飬ɱѪɺҲʲôܵ顣
űһ㲼ϣ߯˹ľ˵Ҷһ᲻÷ֵĸоʶϵ鷳֮⣬޷ԼĶ
˿ԶİޣλӢ˫۾Ҫˣ˹ûԶҲλ߯˹ֳ̾ͻԼ֡
ÿأ
תһӰҶҪҸӦðѻе鷳űȽϺʣҲΪղŵǸƥ˹ɽûһԸŵȡ
ܹŮ񣬲֪Ƕ˵룬ӦΪ˶ең
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ҶĿŵȵĿг˻ɣԿ϶췢һжǻŮƵУ˹ͻȻĪҪ߯˹޸ԼȻԾעһʵʩĴ£ҶĿ߯˹һʲô֪ͿͱƳĿ档
ԼǸ˸סļһ
õŮӣ㾿ʲôģŵȶҶ˸ϵĶԹԵǰ·Ҫ̴ӰæŵĳȹԵôİۣҶĺһŲȥĳ嶯
ҿӵˣһǿһ㣬ףǵ̴һʼͲܳɹȲ̸ƥ˹ܷΪ֮һŮ޸һӵˣ˵ʲô߯˹Լܽ
ŵȵĽŲû˿ͣ٣·ߣת˹յеԺôϵͺˣ
û䣬ŵȾ͸оԼıһ󷢺¶ڿеļ쳣ĺ䣬ֺ䲢ͨϵ¶½ĺ䣬һΣյУ͸ĺ⡣
תͷͣ½ŲҶģ˴ʱıûмģһֱЦݵӲ˺˪˫и͸¶ŷǳֲɱŵȫԤϵԼһ仰Ҷ⣬ôȻƥ˹ɽͥս񲻿жϣҶĸ˵սĻ̱
Ǹ˵˻ŵȴҶĵķӦпһЩߣϵջԼǰĻսŮûνսҲƲ˹Ǹսĵط
תǰ·ĺѾ࣬ŵֻҪȥ̸Щ⣬ҶҲ̾ƥ˹Լ΢Ҳ̫⡣
򵥵˵ҶĿԽһЩЦϷŪеߵģǸߣôһɢֱӿǡ
ûⲻҶԼɽɵ棬ǶҶ˵е鲻ǵֳܹġ
Ȼף˹ּ⣬˳ŵȵİŽ߯˹ȢΪӵĻ۶˻ǶɽɶĪĺôģͥ˵Ҳ൱ĺôҲ깫ڽһ¼ʼûгеŵȿ£ԭ
ȣҶĽΪӶͨͬʱΪŮĹϵɽĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳǰƥ˹Լˣôƥ˹Ҳɽ°ƥ˹ͥ˲ɵ͵ìܣҲпƹɽɲ
ͬʱɽҲһ㱣ɡͥԺɽûüֵˣҲɽʲô顪ҶֻǷδȻϾɽôɣͥɽʲô飬ЩҲ޷Ӧ
Ϊƥ˹ϵһֶɽɵķ֣ҶܹɵķչԼɡ
֮ȢŮӣһõѡһĵˣ»ԥѡܡ
ϧǣҶûʲôģһʼֻϣԼܹźȿͷɿֵȥ
ȻΪһЩһһߴһֱΪһЩⲿƶ
µڣҲΪɽɵİȫ޷֤Ϊܹɽܹɽ磬ԼŻææȥĵ
ڻеŮȻǳˣҶĲΪЩɾͷԼӶŮ˽ɷޡ
һǳֺĴǰ棬ŵָָǵƻͨĽڰƥ˹ɽϵסˣ䱸㹻̴ӣǹϵ󶼿ԷԸ̴ȥ
ǰһõķ棬һĽֱˣҶĴסİžͿԵ֪ƥ˹Լӡı䡪Ҳ񣬵ܹһͻƣеĿƺһ󲽡
깫֮û˵ʲôֱͽ˴Ȼ󻽹һ̴ӣԼȥԷϢˡ
ŵûнȥ˼ҶҲһվԭûж
ôϢ𣿡
ʵǣӦý͵
ŵȿҶĻбŵİ߯˹ŮڵˤΣʱȥȻɵеǱ
ɫȹѾմҳ¶˿еһСͬմ˲ϲ֪˭ѾŪˣ̵ȹڴݵˮһ־ˮ˳ǹ⻬Сʡ
Ȼһ𣬽ӮǳŮսƷáȻ֮ΪӣԼ֤ʥʽ
ƨʽһȤҲûаҶĿŵһӾͺ޵ԼǰЩ˵ˣŮôһ˼뽫ŮƵԼأѲŮʻ䣬ԼޱȵԶ޲ȥʱץԼҲԼҽãŮ¸
֮ϣڲûȤҲŵʼ򣺡ǲסġ
û䣬ӺڰͻȻһһɢſҶʲڹ㳡ʹСʱǿĹâӳ˵ǰ
ޣʲô
ŵû뵽Ȼ̫񰢲ޣ⣬뵽һһֱܹİ߯˹ĵе֣²ð߯˹ҶҹҶĶ԰߯˹ûȤŮԵʱʲôҲͬ⡣
ֻҵûصԼĹȥϢ޵ıʼվûбȻԵú⡪ŷ豸һǧݡ˵ıȴԵеһ㺮˪
˵ôŵҲǰ޵ãƥ˹ɽϣҶһˣƽＸЩϵ޿еãһ㶼˫̥ãŮ񰢶߯˹
ŵȻ֪һ㣬ʱ˳ںߣֳƺҲҪһصԼĹȥϢڷǳѣ
˵޿ûȤŵȺǳɴĽָָ˻Ҷıڻеİ߯˹ˣ㻹׼ʲôʱ򣿡
˵ʵҶıŰ߯˹˫ַǳʵûκԽľٶֻᱧŵʱֶٻռˡ˵ǰҶֻͨӾ԰߯˹˳˽⣬ô֮ͨ˫԰߯˹Ľṹ˸һ˽⡣
ԸֵĻǾòˣҶ˫־Ҫ߯˹͵޵ϡԸ鷳˻أ
ϧŵȲͬ⣺ޣѵҪΥּ𣿡
ּⲻΥ˴Ӱƥ˹ɽʧôǸּ޷ʵˡ
˫ĿͻȻ𾫹⣬һͻȻһųһ⻪֮һ֧⻪۶ɣȼŽɫļʸҶĵǰ
ûӦʱȼŽɫĹ֮ʸѾҶĵǰ˫ֻŰ߯˹Ҷĺûе˵Ƶĳ嶯Ͼڵ鷳붼Ů
ûƷ̶ֳȣĳ˵߯˹Ҳ޹ǣģô
һֻ̧ǺһСǰ޻ŵȣֻǰһŰ߯˹վҶһʧȻͻȻ˰޵
ΪӺ۸ǲ
˫ֲܶҶľûκεսȲȫԽţȻΧ۳ɽУĲЩʽ˫Ȼ
Ҷûʲôȷ书㾳磬κιԭȵĹҲԻʽʩչ
˫һ챦ȻԽʮʹʩչ
Ҷһֱ߳ҪлڣǵвŷһʱͻȻоԺһѹȣҼſֲȾ
ѵ
һѾ뵽ʲôͬʱһ䣬л͵ջأͬʱһΪ֧ţ˳һ˦ֱӱһβ˦˳ȥ
Ҷһ˦ͬʱ˱ѩľһβȻû˦һ˪ĺȴð޺ŵȶǻһ顣
ֻžһ죬ǱҶһ˿ȥĹ֮ʸȻ֪ôƵҶ󣬴ʱǡñһβţ۵Ĺ˲䱬˳Ҷĵջ˲١
ʱҶڰһǿᣬ֮ʶԼղһ֮߳˵ͷأϻлŸˣԼǡͣһǳελá
ƫƫʱ򣬰߯˹˫ۣɴ˫ۿԼߵҶġ
Ҫ㣡


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ٶȽһӦ˵һ飬һð߯˹쭵Ļᶼû£ȻҶһʵô򵥣ûʲô˵ģı鿴ŻеŮ
ܹҷ£ôⷬԻӺܶ࣡
߯˹뽫һ㣬ڲֱһ㣬Ҷûнһľٶ̫ġ
ðɣ
Ҷɿһ֧֣ס߯˹°ַŮԴԼĻһŲڵϣǱĸоüͷһ塪ʶԼĽһ֧Ьӡ
ʱҶİæһ»°ҲܣֻǿŲվȻâݵ̫񰢲ޡ
޼߯˹˹ղǰݣڰ߯˹עԵе֣˵ô˼ܹԼĻ˵ͨ˳ãȻ˹ôͺһȥɣ
ΪʲôҪĻ߯˹ıһҲûһŮֳԼʱϲãü仹¶һ㲻ǼʲôʮĶһ
ƺҲ֪ԼÿԼ˳ۣʱΪ̸֮ĺʱҾ»صԼĹȽҪԺ˵
뷨ҵģ߯˹ֱӽͷŤһԣٶ࿴һ۰޵ȤǷңҲҪæ
µѾҶ֪ԼֳԼ⵽ĳ˵ġ֡ģʲҲǸ˶ֻ֣һ֣˹
ҶվһԿͻȻúģ
Ȼܹоĳ߯˹԰޵Ƿĵ׵ģǵֱŤûйϵ
תỹһֱԼĹ˹ȥȻһԴڿϷ״̬ŵ˵˾䣺ϢˣʱҲҵˣ
ŵȻعͷȥҶģͻȻ˵һˣйʥµҪۣͬʱһʥʿ飬׼ȥѡʥλãҲҪһȥ
ʱ˵ɣ
ͷҲûأҶֱӻ˻ֱʾ˽⣬ڶЩƥ˹Ĺ۸ԽԽˣȥ깫ʣúڻ͵żûɽ
ޱȻԼɽȻƽԵеģܱ߰ĵطǿ
߽УҶͻȻŲͬʱŰ޵޴ŮˣԴѡ񣡡
ֺҶ뵽һʻ㣺Ȯ
ȻΪʲôܾʻ㰲ڴʱİôĺʣ˺ѷεŭֱǶڹ͡
ҶͿ˿첽ϵԼߵİ߯˹Ůһ㺮˪ڰ޵ŭ¶˳ЦݣĴǺ쵰ͬʱ
𣿺ôҲðɣ˫̥ҶĲþжĳԹҲûȥѯʵԸֻǿ߯˹˽˾䣺ʲô
ҽ߯˹ҶģϵıɲôÿҲٶ࿴Ǹһһۣ
صԼĹҲһԲÿҶֻ˸̴ӣҵķ
ķߣ
̴ӵҶĺܿҵԼԷһǳ󣬶һһ¶̨ͤĺԷ޴ĴҶͬʱ棬֪ʲôıʣͬʱ䱸ˮ;ˮһϴԡԡңѾźˮ
Ŷʶֺķ䡭סǸطǿ˲֪٣
ڳһȻתͷģеǱİ߯˹ôŮ£㻹Ҹʲô
ֻһҹҾͻ뿪߯˹ʱѾ˲űҶĵһЩҲڸղ밢޵зй˳ȥѵõľȻҶĺúõĽ̸
Ӱ쵽Ϣģ㾡Լͺã
뿪ҶĲһõĽ飺Ļܻкܶ಻õԡ
Դ̤һЩѾ޷ˣ߯˹Ҳ뿪ˣԴһŭ֮ܽһ̣עݽ᳹׵ĳΪȥʽʵϲˣҲ޷ı˵Ŀ
ң侲İ߯˹Ѿʶһе鼸˹壬Լͺһ޴һһͷײ˽ȥֽԼ·ˡ
ʲôŮ񡭡һЦ
Ҷû˵Ҳûȥ߯˹ֻվǸ¶̨ͤϿǼߵķǡ
ԽĹѪˡ
죬ҶڿԼǲӦЩֱΰһ߯˹һůӵҲһЩڲĵľٶһԼʵͦᣬȻֱӽŮ˵ĸ͵ߡ
ţŮ˴ʱ״̬ѵĽʱ½ֱϱҲǲܡ
ȫݴʲôġ˰ɣ
תֱ뿪˷䣬ҶʲôҲû˵һûлܵ깫ķȥͻȻŵվͬһӪļһȥˡ
飬ǲԤϣ
깫ᶨķָأСĵ˵˾䣺ŵȻʹЩСֶһ㣬ٻǲµһЩģ
Ϊʲôң
깫ЦЦҶŵֶΣȻЩСıֺαضһأ
ȻƨĵĲһǲˬҶķ߷ߵĺһǺڻ
ڻ·ϣĿô͵ҪʱҲ˺Щʱյģ
ѵԼɻܿһ㣿
깫ԵеΣ÷ǳȻʵԼɵĻܻһЩе̰棡
뵽깫ɽϵʱڻΧɽӣҶȫĵڻû˹»Ǹʲôӡ
ûֶɵĿһ𣿡
깫ҡҡͷΪΪʵ̫Զˣ
ͲҶҪǸͨѶװþ޷õ֣ĻҪɽϵͳ˲ܡ
ڰƥ˹ɽûʲôĵѣµҶľֻܵŰƥ˹ɽʥսϷ׼׵ȻһʥսĽСҪ֤ʥս˳Уһл˹òˬ¼
˵˹תμӵⳡʥսгΪʥսǵĻôҶľͻǸǣƻرʲôô͵үү
û뵽Ҳôһ죡
֪ôģҶͻȻ˵ھʶĻʦԼһˣλƺҲɹƵ飬ֻǲô˴󷴶ҧһڣһս⡣
ҵǣҶүү֮ӦòһƵôңҪ˹ĲˬˣԺᷢʲôͲ˵ˡ
˼Уһҹܿ͹ȥ峿̫˺һ֮ҶĲŻصԼķ䡣
ǣ߯˹Ȼûߣ
ŮӦǸոԡ꣬ͷϻմˮ飬峿ӳɢŵâñľ˵İ߯˹λá
ϵĳȹҲոµģŮæȡģ˫ȴţƤƳɵë̺ϼǰɫëΪһ塣
ϣûߣ
߯˹û뵽һ˵ôһ仰ƽ¶һŭ⣬˼ƽȥ뿪֮ǰмҪ˵
Ŷ˵
ҶȡһˮȻԼˮҪ·ϲ˲䣨ð߯˹üͷݺݵҧһڣ߯˹ͷŤһԣԸȥˣ
ǳ
ǳɡҶı˵ǳԼǸԼɣΪǱ˹ǿмȥģ˭ûǸԼıҪ
û˵꣬߯˹ͿڴĻǲǳģǳлٵҵԼҵЬӡ
Ҷĵȭֱӽ߯˹Թ˷۳Թǰ߯˹ϲԹ֮⣬Աɱǹ֪꣬ɱ˲֪ٵ˺ҶֻȥˣҪ˵ǲܵġðɣһ⳥µģ
ЬӡԼŪİɣ
ҶĵȭȻٶȼ죬ǿҵĹâ޷еһУҶĵΪǿԿģ˵λöƲдܵˣܾܲͿĴײĹ޲𹥻ɣ
ǵİ߯˹ԼΧһӦǽֻ̽ĽŲһһʹòջԼĲӡֻΪһ㣬ԲŪ֧Ьӡ
ң֧Ьӡƺֻһ˫ͨЬɣŪһ˫ͺˣ
ôһЩҰƥ˹ɽĲƲҪ⳥
߯˹ķӦҶĸ̾Ů˹Ȼ飬¸߰簢߯˹ҲǺͷ۵ġ
ðɣӡһ˫Ьӣ
ãȰЬӸңҪȥˣԭ߯˹Žվë̺Ҳԭ
ҶĿŰ߯˹⸱ģҪԼѿ⻹Ѳ
Ȼô˵
һһ˫ϸϵЬͳҶУ˫ɫϸЬǻµģΪһҲһЩʱǡõϡ
ݵ߯˹֮ҶĻ˻֣ЬѾˣټŮ⣬ӻġ
Ҷתԡң߯˹еĸ߸ЬⶫӦô
ȻϿĿδΪʲôЬ׻ӵģ
Ů˼⣬ȻŴϺֻһЩŪԼĽףɶļһǹóֵĶҵ𣿡
ĽЬ£ȻŮ׼õЬӴϣŮֱ뿪Ҷĵķ䣬صԼĹϢȥˡǽ˫߸ЬϣĻ˵ǣȻѾҵĶˣûҲᶪǸһ
ôоŮԸ˸أ
ůĳˮУҶĲΪǰô޴仯ԭʲôûȤ֪
˸裬Ȼ̴Ӹ׼·֮ҶĿ͵ԼŵԼ빤֮շ˹˹
ŵȴԼĿģԶ˫Ҳû˵̫ϻµһ˲䣬ֱӽ⡣
ҶûͨԼĽָٻͼֽٻģҲ֪Լ᲻ٻҪʥͼֽ
Σٻͼֱֽ֮ͼֽʥҲģôĶʱó
ôշ˹˹һЩɽկƷӦһȽϺõѡ񡪡ҶҪľǽʥµӻȻô죿ǾͲˣ
ƾǿĻҶֻ˰ʱͽʮ׻ƽʥµò˳շ˹˹˫ֲĿ⾫Ľɫȫףͣĸ̾ţֱµƷڲͣļӦܽЩʥ
ҶڻЩʥ֮󣬷ǳʱλ֮ļ򣺡ЩƷҪ˫ˣǰƥ˹ɽΨһܹһģ
Ȼ֮⣬˭Ҳ޷ôĿף
һʱҶͻȻԼǷ˰߯˹һˣҲ֪ҽŮˣҪҶһ
ŶǸʲô
Ҷ룬Ȼһſհ׵ֽϻһʽһмձͷеͱӿе


078 ĻҶģ
𣿡
շ˹˹еͼȥƣ֣ͼֽǰʮͼȻͬΪͼעһЩʱҪעݣЩݣʱ򽫻ɡԣⲻֻһͼһϸĹͼ
УҶϵĶûͣ£öëͼϷд֣ŵ˹սУ
ĳıֻԭİŵ˹սǳɶԵģҶû˵һ㣬ͬʱͼֽҲûб
ŵ˹սС
շ˹˹е棺ŵ˹˭
ŵ˹ʲʲôرĴôֻƲΪĳ֡
ߵϰߣĳĳ˵ôҪôΪ˶Ҫôֵӵķߡ
Ҷ治֪ԼָеõͼֽҲûнܵôϸĳϸĽһ飬ֻںŪһ䣺Ҳ֪Ҳõͼֽ
ȴ˵û˵ѣȷõġ
ŵ˹սеͼֽղųٻģûŵԼշ˹˹֣Ȼ˴ͼֽݼ֮󣬽ǸͼֽһЩݻ˳
׼⳥߯˹ƷǸŮϰùͱǹһͲҪǵġ
ʵõͼ֮ҶĵһӦɶԵİŵ˹ս֮󣬽佻ʹá
صѪ˫նѾʺˣɽûʲôȽʺʹõķУһǱȻѡǰͿǹһԳɶԵնǵأٻʵɲһ֡
ֻ뵽Ⱓŵ˹սеСȻҲ˶٣Ѿͷ˫ôļһܾеŤϾ֮ɲϷʹߵĴСԶ
շ˹˹Ͳ֪ҶԴЩΪƥ˹ɽɫĹշ˹˹ڵһʱͿͼֽϵȱˡ
šͼһЩرĲϣҲӺõЧ
Ҷû˵һžͼֽշ˹˹ܹͼֽʲôսǾͲҪǵˡȻշ˹˹ܹŵ˹սиΪǿôǻһġʲô͵ѧûС
֮оʮ׻ƽʥԼŵ˹սеͼֽŵȺҶľһԶӡ
˭Ҳ˵ԵĽһſһ
ŵ̲סˣϾҪԣɽܹ붫ʿƴľֻзȺˡ
ȹһ൱ֵҹŵȵĿдһ˿棺ҽϿ߯˹ʱƺҲûֲ
ҶĲ˵һĪģ
ȱԵûҪǿ׳Ķ࡭
ָģŵһ仰͸ƣҶЩԼĭǺλ뺷ǻŮѾ׵ˣʵʲôû
һλŮǻķŭͲһڷסһҹڶЦݳ˵ǰ˸㣬ʵʲôҲûзô𣿡
Ҷģţ

ŵһ͹ҶƤĺȣҪǰλȫԺ˹һ£
ðɡ͵ʲôûзˣ
ûмǸϾΪǻŮŵ֪ʲôʱ̸ʲô⣬ʲôʱӦֹסԼĺġ
Ǽ̸̸ʥ齨ɣ
⻹ʲôҪ۵𣿡ҶĿɲЩ߽߱ǽǵϾˣϣŵȸϽɽȥҸطֱӽʥҲˡ
ʲô齨أ
֣ǲǺóҸɾͿЩ֪ķ˴ľ޽񲻹΢һЩˡͬʱҲһЩ
ŵȵȷкʵĸҶҲֻ̽һˣǲͽһжźˡ
ϾǻŮȻֹĶԶսϾǰƥ˹ɽϵ֮һҶڱϻǵĵˣĸֽ飬˵һĻɣԼš
ȻԼҲܲµҶƥ˹ɽҲֽĿĲϣƥ˹ɽԲٶԶսҪСĽһ㣬ҶǲǻƻǱʲôĿġ
֮ǰ̽ԼϷˣҲҪ̽һԭ򣬾ҪҶĶڰƥ˹ɽǱȫжԵ̬ȣҪǰƥ˹ƽ
Ŀǰ̽Ҷĵȷû̫Ķ⣬Ŀǰֻǲϣƥ˹ɽԶս
ȻûֱӽŮĻ£ŵȻǿԿ˶ڰƥ˹ϵŮûôų⣬ͬʱҲȷûбűĿġ
ҶֱӾʹӦôŵȾҪҶǲʲôаĿҪɣûסƥ˹Դ⡣
ҶԴǾܾȷ밢߯˹ҲŵȻʵϻǶ԰ƥ˹нģֻǸˣ
ֻŵܹ΢½ģҶַӦҪôûʲô˼ҪôǳǸľ춯أݼҲǳһˮƽĿֲڣǺһ֣ŵҲûκεİ취ֻܼвС
Ŀǰ˵ŵȻΪҶǵȷûʲô˼ģ׼ͣ¶ҶĵϷŪȻЦҲС۵Ů˺ǿģ湻˵ŵѡʱ֡
ŵ¶һЦݣȻһ뷨ĿϾⳡϷƳģҲиõĽҲһ
ŵȽԼ뷨µĽһ飬ҶûвڣֻﾲŵȵĽһֱ˵꣬һ顣
ʵŵȵ뷨ȷûʲôرģ޷Ǿȥչһ񼣣ȻʾؼӭһµĽѣӦֽѵķʽǽʥ򹩷ŵȣͬʱѡٮٮߣΪ̷ŮǿʿҲǡŮʥʿ
ȻЩǿĴԼͬ˵һлȫԼ˫ԼӵеһС
ջһֱͳµķ˵ֱ޷ܡ
ǰƥ˹񣬶Լ㹻˽İ
µ϶һ죬ŵɾһ㣬һõ㽣ΧԼμһϷ
֪ôΪʲôҶһͻȻؾǾ䣺ķ˰ǲеһͨӡôҲ޷ҵƿأ
˵һ֧εĴڲһУ
ʱƺӦиţƵվߺҲ죡ܹ˵ľֻԼ
ϧҶվһߵģϷ߾һӽݵĻôҶľǸĻĺ֣ռBOSSӦñƵħ
һֱӵеBOSSģ壿
Լȥ־ҶķԼǰΪԼϳΪռBOSSǰᣬֱԼʵǸBOSS縺ǡߡԽߵȵȶԿʹ
һ̣˵ĳڿʼתˡ
ޣ˦˦ͷԴԽԽ߰ĶϳȥҶĿɲĪĳΪһɣϾҸطƵɲǶôĸо
ŵ̸û֮뿪ԼסĹŵֱ˰ƥ˹ɽȥЩչԼԼЩԼʥȥˡ
֮շ˹˹ԼһͼֽҲ뿪˰ƥ˹ɽ˵ھƥ˹ɽԶһɽУ¶ȼߣ޷ǰƥ˹ɽϵİҲֻڽ
ɽû֣Ϊֻкշ˹˹룬һ޴¯Բ񶼳ƺշ˹˹ĵطΪ¯
ֵʱҶֱ˦һ䣺ۻ֮أ
Ȼĺշ˹˹תͷ˾䣺ʲô˼
ûʲô˼ʵǾƺƺ
շ˹˹ʱѾҶĵĻˣֹۻ֮ġۻ֮ġۻ֮ġȻԼһƬһҲ۵ڿնȥ
λ֮ô߶߶ˣҶֻεգСɽկ˸ֻһҲνˣ
׼ȥʱǡ̴ӹ֪ͨҪټҶһ·˼ž˹ڵʵ˹סУټʲôˣ߿Լĳ̸
̧ͷ˿Ǿ޴Ĳ񻰵ĹԼǲ֪Լ˶ٵţҶǵ
ǰṳ̂ΰĽſڶһܹ̤ˡ
ûаļ֮飬ֻǶŰƥ˹ߴڵż˵ĺ棬澿ǻһͿׯ϶أ
һ󣬴ʯĳȴж̴֮ӽǰȾ޴ƿ֮Ҷ֪˴𰸡
һǳصĹ漸ûʲôװΣǽںʯ棬ҲûκζĻơ
漸ʲôҲûУΨһڵľλʯΣʱȻǰƥ˹֮˹
֮⣬ûˣ⼸һֱ˹һ̸ʥսϷĹ˹ʱҲû
˹ƺܹҶʲôˬʵЦһֱ֮˵˾䣺˹ȥڤ׼ʥսȥˣϾҲҪаţڤʿĹ
Ŷ
ҶֻӦһȻߵǸų̂ףȴŵλʯ֮ǰͣԼĽŲ֪Ȼ֣ҺͰ׺ʲôںһԼ֮λޱȵġ
ˣ˵˾ȨأκȾָԼȨͬʱҲʮֿؽ׼֮Ĳࡣ
ΪĸĹ˹ڼ˹ʱҲҪ񣬳һ䣺£
ҶĲǰƥ˹ҪʵıһЩػкôģ
ʱǳǡͣס˽Ųúڿ˹⣬ΪԼõأԽ̸Ϳ΢һЩˡ
Ϸô
Ҫ˵˹ܹҶ̸һȥĻ⣬ʵҲôģȻǳʥս
һ˳ĻһɸʥսⳡʥսнᵮԶǵӢۡ
Ŷ˹Ѿµ֪ʥս̣ھηչҲûȥʣϾδ֪Ż߱
ҶҲһ㣬еĶȴǿǰй¶ģһΣŵŮһǴƵһҪأôŮµʥʿҪ൱ŬԼ
˹ıøӼƺսŷԸֻ飬Ҷľ֪˹ѡӪ
ģϲɸս˹ѡŵӪ
֪ҶΪ˹ⳡʥս⣬˼ǳҵľ籾ţǸʿҲԸĳʿҲӸ


079 ɽĶ
νXXʿ˼Ҷûи˹ûкŵ˵Щ˭Ҳ׼ߣǵȵʥսʼԼ
ûҶҲμⳡʥսԼݶźˡʥʿʦ
Ҳûа취ģĿǰ齨ҲûһʥʿŵΪŮȻֹ϶Ҫһæˡƥ˹ɽܹæĺֻҶһˡ
У˹ŵȿ϶վһȥŰܽ޵߯Ҳŵʲô
ֳ˰߯˹⵵飬޹ҲվȥˡŮ񡭡ε󣬻뽫£һӪΣΨһܹεľŮ밢޲ϣԲվ档
ҶȥܹﵽæҲֻл빤֮շ˹˹ֻΪ쾫Ŀ׶ļһˡ
ҲȥͲ̸̸
ҶĻ뵽һ㣬ŵô벻ֻЩ²ܸ㹻ջ󣬺뵽Щ鵱ĿܾվڸߴԹۣȨһʵϷ磬ȻʵĳԳ䡣
΢̽һȱȱ֮ŵҲͷ뷨ֻרĵĴԼ顣
ˣʱҶļûмŵȣͬʱҲûпʲôżᱻ˹ȥ֮⣬Ҷľڰƥ˹ɽһͨһÿ춼Ķҡĵӡ
ӣʲôʱŵͷ
깫һУͥˮĺȷҶܹģ깫ǳȻһһŵµˮѣȻϸʵĽͽС
㲻𣿡
ΪսĽ۱⣬Ӷһϰ꣬ôҲһˣ
깫ĻҶһ׹깫ݺԼҪģֻǻȣòˡ
ڻû𣿡
ڰƥ˹ɽסҲ൱һˣǰ׶ڻɵҲõɽ˰ɣôôûʲôѲԼҵطȥˣˣ´μҪúʰʰɣ࿴깫һ㡣
깫ҲеΣԼ˵ĲҲʵƽѵõĳһ˿֮ɫӣӦÿˡ
ϣɡ
ãڻûи깫ܿͳ깫ҶĵǰΪʱƥ˹Ҳڻ֪깫ûֱɽ˰ƥ˹ɽҸ깫֮еϵҵԼˡ
ٴοڻʱ֧ڴˮһͰ͵ģ
ǣ
ڻϱټһϺڻˣǰƺúôдɽ֮±˲ⶫ˭һԭڻʱǱôĶİ
ҶֽǾ޴İӺڻϽȻֻһһ¾ڻΪʲôһģ
ⶫΪѹ֣ԺڻĹƴôණ˻ʹ࣬ѹֿԼ깫ʱôˣԭԼڿԽˣ˷֮²ŻǸӡ
깫һźڻԴڿ佱ҶŴֱ˹УȻн˿ðĶҲʲô˵ĶҶˣɽȺ˱ĻҪ󵨡
ֻǲһ⿪һټӾͳҶĵǰֻĻƺͼҶľһͷۣôⶫԾôĿŵѵͲ±ˣ
ǰҶޱȵϤΪǰָշ˹˹һͼֽݾЩӣȻԶΪװЩԱƷʥµġ
Ҳ˵ɽкڻЩУƷȻһʥ£
ĵ׸ԼȺͬҲ߯󵨣Ҷĺܿע⵽ʥԱߵǸͨѶ
Ȼյ֣ӢԼķʽͨѶϣڸסһ֧Լһֻ۾ȻŵɫľƬҶĵӾʲôӰ죬ͬʱ֮Ҳʲôĸо
ԣһ
ťһǰСĻ˲һŵ֣Ҷ˵ԵĿ棬ǰȴЩģһѶѵͿԵ֪̽ڲʹõɼҷʲôƼƷ
Щ涼ֻһţҶĻ˼ʱ򣬶߾Ϥιιʦ𣿡
ҶϤܵĵ˵ͷ漴ʶԼͷԷɿ̿ڣң֣Ӣ𣿡
ŶʦƺںԵʲô˵ҶĻ˵֣ӢĻǱ죺ȵȣȰԻٳر˵
ԡԻٳ򣿡Ҷֻһ鶯ɲΪνԻٳ֣ӢǵģôĻζš
ǵģʦΪ˷ֹõЩθȥĶ϶װһЩԻٳ򡭡ʵϾһЩ󷨣ֻҪһٵôԻ󷨾ͻ᳹ױķںϣԻٳٱĿܣ
˵ŻĹ򣬾֣ӢǱ˭̸ͬʱҲһæµ֣Ӣ˵ˣʦˣ
Ȼ֣Ӣô˵ҶĻֽ϶ժҶԶԶĳ嶯֣Ӣƽﻹ㿿ףҶֹס嶯ͨͨѶԻˣͨѶܹʹãѵŪǣ
ҪŪ⣬ôɽƶ绰ƺͿƳˣ
һЩɼҵķ󣬶ͨѶʩư󶨵ãֻܽй̶ͨ
Ҷ˹ͺǸñӺߵ绰һֻӵĳ߶Իܲҡ
ĻҪνɽ绰кһ·ҪߣЩҪעĻ⣬ҶԼúڻ͵У
ʦҪĶʥ£ǸͼֽעľģȻǾ棬ֻҪСıҲǲף
Ŷˣ
֣ӢӦһӷѾʼСˣһ£

Դһ²ȰƴһļӷƴʥǸʲô֮Ҷķʵ̫սԼļˣֻѡ˷
ʦƣʥǿԸʹߵԶڴСģԼӷҲܹʹãˣ«ǰʦ޲ڣΪⱾǺϡõȴʦǡĵطΪһšǰҪʦͨ
һӦ֣Ӣܲ˺«ɴ޾ԼԵੲݣԲŻίıһԼĲ
ҶȻ֪ʥĹܣǻû뵽ôôСèܴϣʥʿ˵Ĳˣ
ʦҪʥҪʲôѲɰƥ˹ҪʥսŵŮˣ
֣ӢǿЦҶȴЦһ¡ûгΪŵǰѾȷʾʥսҶıȥҲĽǳ䵱ʥʿʦͬʱҪμӵһߵȥ
Ҷĵʱܲˬֻ˵˾䣺ĻڤûĴ˰ɣܰЩආˣ
ȻӵСҪҶıϵ£Ҷ򽣾ʹͿԽڤȫɱ⣬Ļʥսë
ԡҪѹԼ
ֲˬҶĿʼԴﲻͣķž籾׼ҸʵŶԼս£ŵԼûûˡ
֣ӢͨҶĽЩҶһԣãҪãûĻʹʥµıȻǱʥսǣⳡϷҲΪҴ̼ŵλܣ˹
ʥΪʲôûúշ˹˹죬ҲΪ͹ԳǵĲ
ͬʱҶĵҲʥ˹׼ҪһƷֻû뵽˹ĳ̶ȱĻҪߣʥ»û͵أѾƨƨߵĿʼ׼ˡ˹Լ׼ʱ䶼ȷˡ
⣬ʦҪǶԶԼҲˣʦҪʲô֣ӢҲϤ벻ҶҪʲôãѲԼʦɽկˣܵƥ˹ɽȥҪɽկҵ
Ҷתͷһô۵ĺӣֽǺӴ򿪺һԿΪصĿ;ںӵУͬʱеձ۵
ΪиļһȽϰ£

֣Ӣһ㶣뵽ҶҪԼǼ֮漴νİµļһһˣͬʱҲԼʦҪʲôˡ
ϣʦôôܲأ
֣ӢһͨһֱӱһƬ£гһӵҶһͷۣúܿ͵ʲôɺͳ
ֻһҶЩˤʲôֵĵȥҪȥҲȥ
ĻҾͲϸҶĳѯ̽㲻Ʒ֮ͨûƣ
ʦֻҪ㲻̽ôûʲôΣգ֣ӢĻǳֿǵ˰ƥ˹ɽϻ˻ǿЩӵе϶̽ޡ
Ҳ˵ֻѰһЩ̽˵ʵ
࣡
Ҳ㹻ˡҶѰҵľǳɳǶڶϡƥ˹ɽΧƺвⶫҰƥ˹Ҳرӡֻкշ˹˹ⶫ
鷳ڰƥ˹ٲӣҲҶھֶҶֻܿԼȥѰңҲϣ֣ӢϽ̽òԵ֮һҪ̽ҵǳɳȻܽߡ
֣ӢĽ˵̽һֹܹرգȻҶĿʼĴ󵨵̽ΧҪƥ˹ɽʲôֵӵıûУ
ֻһ̽͸оһųƷԼƶٶȻ
ĸӵбˣŵ𣿡ҶȻǵһʱ佫󲿷ֶֻʥºϴ̽ĵȴǸ˵ĵ
öû֮һ㵡Ǹ߸ЬڼӲɵĵȷȷþûˡ
ƥ˹ɽЬӵģֻһˡ
ôˣ
ţ߯˹˫߸ЬһվҶĵǰͺܸĴʱΪ˫ЬӵԵԵͻΪĳȹҲڵס˫ӵ
߯˹ͷ˿վ﷢㶵ҶģĿתһԵʥϣ׼⳥ҵ𣿡üͷȻװ
Ҷװ߯˹ҪծģҡҡͷҪ⳥ǼǼӦûûã
ţûã˵˺շ˹˹ڰҶ춫в²׼⳥Լ֮²ŹƵģҶĵ˼ԼĶƺûϣһӺˡ
𣿲֪ʲôȻúշ˹˹Ҳæôã


080 
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߯˹һ棬ҶĵҲû뷨־Ҫŵ˹սеͼֽһ̧־ͼֽշ˹˹ˣԼûݡ
ȵȣһ㿴ɣ
ã߯˹룺Ȼúշ˹˹ôȥһ˴¯ͺˣ
ΪŮ񣬰߯˹Լ൱ĿأȻܲעԴӵ֪Ҷúշ˹˹ʱͲ²׼⳥ԼģǾǸʲôȴһֱͷ
ֻ֪շ˹˹ҶʱķǳƵ񹤽֮ҶкܶĹͬһ
Ϣð߯˹Ӻ棬Ͼշ˹˹һֱǰƥ˹ɽϱȽ϶Ĵڣܹͺշ˹˹йͬҶģȻ֮˻ʲô⳥Լأ
ͷԼϲŵ˫Ьӣ߯˹еĺ޷Ƶɢ˿뵽ԼŮʱ侭Ľ۹⿴ԼԸԼ˫ȣ׹˫ЬӲΪ׽Ū˶ŪĶ
ԣ˹ҺܸɴıʾҪȥһ˴¯ۿǼ
һӹ߳ʱ򣬰߯˹׷һˣǼƵģ
ǣеõͼֽ
߯˹˵ͷûʲô仯ʲô뷨ô˫ֵЬأ
ЬӣҶ΢΢תͷȻĿʹ˵棺ŶʵǴһϴģ
򡭡
ƥ˹ڵҲİкܾúܾõʱûȥעжôˣû뵽ҶľȻȥҿ˵Ӧȥİɣ
⵽˶ݵͣЪУ߯˹̧Լֹ¹ŵϣɢ°׹âͬŻΣǸеҶֻǿһ£ͼʲôȴ
û̽˼ûСһαŵͨһε£һЩ϶İ߯˹ӲܲСĽ
ֻһȴҶĶˣ߯˹ûϳ˼߰ŮҲ޷ܺһ˹ͬһοǻԼרݣӲݱˡ
̤֮󣬰߯˹һ֮ͷǳͨĹ¹ֱڵ˿УǸӾڵקһһ޶ֻͷ¹ÿһǲ֮ϣȴķ˷ǳ
ҶĿŮգż𽣹ȥͬʱסԼٶȣֻڰ߯˹ţԲᳬȥ֡Ͳ֪շ˹˹סڣҲǷð߯˹·
շ˹˹סĴ¯ھƥ˹ɽԼ幫ĵطһƣɽϾ͸źѩɽ۲λȴɢںŨ̡ͬʱǺͮͮĻ⽫һնӳյͨľ޴ɽ
߯˹ڳܿɽʱǺÿüͷȻתͷҶкһЩɫž޶ģСһЩԽԽֲĸȴûᣬҲΪôԵ¶ȱ仯Ҫѡ
Ǻ˵ԼͣӿƮķ۳ð߯˹ʣƾſһܱյĿռ䣬ЩĶ⣬޷
ҶģĽԸһĴڣЩۿĻҳԼ̺Ŷص޷
ֶӵĻΪշ˹˹Ǹһסֻ治ʺϾסǸ񣡡
ȷطʺϾסԺշ˹˹Ҳǳľסﲻĵطˣסڰƥ˹ɽϡ
ڰ߯˹һһɢſֲԼͨâĻɽڣ뵽֮󣬲µĸܹ˲ɸʬͬʱڸµĹϵҲܵصӰ죬ǰһмŤŵģͬʱҲ޷Զĵط
Ļ£Ѱ˸Ͳ֪Ӧĸǰȷģ֪ĸܹ뿪µطȷ·˵һôȴ˵ľֻ·һ
ϧյݷ߶ΪôѾܵӰ죬߯˹ƥ˹Ͳ̸ˣҶҲ˶ܵʲôӰ죬Ѿͫ˫ȻûͨԶѰ˵ӾκӰĿԼ뿴һС
Ѿɽϣһƴŵĵطһ֪ʲôɵǻе;վǸŵԱߡ
Ǳߣ
ҶĻûüѯʣ߯˹Ѿ֣ߣȻԼݾֱ˹ȥ
Աߣ߯˹û³ҲûкǸӰ˵ʲôֻһվȻǸӵĿһǸӦŮģӰ֮󣬾;ĵŴŵĴ򿪡
ǸŮ򹧾ʩ񣬻һ𾴵Ů񣬻ӭۻ֮ġ
ΰ߯˹зӦˣתͷǸԲŮͣۻ֮ģ
ǵģѾʽΪۻ֮ˣ˵ŻȴϵĶԱһƷ̵ĶϲͣתȻһҧת֮ǰȲ֪ʲôɵĺشŻĴ˿
ҶĴʼնû˵ǸһŮԼǰеĴţеǾúȤûþ棬Ͼ˭Ҳɵӣ뵽Щ򵥵ĻеʲôֻǸƻ˵ŮͣӦƿܷ֮
Ŵ򿪣߯˹ûм׷ʣֻһְˣֵȥעų֮ܽ󣬰߯˹ڴӳ
ʱ򣬴Ѿ¹رգǳտķһ¾ˬղǸĻֱ֮𣬰߯˹һһֱɢΧÿҪһҲϲ
Ҷĵ㻹Ҫ￴ʲôû˵ڣֻǻǰţȻ
ǰǽǸĿռ䣬ƺֻרŸóݵĵط߯˹ӳŲԶһȥҶǰͣͻȻʲôһһӵġ
һ·ϣҶûпӰͬʱһ·Ҳвٲǰ߯˹ûκԥһֱǰǰ֪շ˹˹һ
ܿ죬ҶֻǰһĿʹҲɵ۾һУͣԼܼĴҶһ¾Լշ˹˹ĵط
߯˹׼һûκͣ٣ȻֵҲûжӰ죬ǳɴߵڹĺշ˹˹Ȼһ䣺ҵ
շ˹˹ƺѾ֪˭ͷûУֻһָĳͼԼϵĶżͣһ¿һеƷԼĹ
ԴŲ֪ٸŮһĽˣЩӦöǺշ˹˹ԼפصĻܣһⶼŮ͵͡ԭշ˹˹ҲǸɧ͵ģͬʱᱧԹƣͻ߹أֻᰴպշ˹˹ķԸĽɡ
Ҷ´£ԶڷʮһɢŽɫâƷֻʮһɫͣҶ֪̾Լúշ˹˹Ļƽʥеʮһףʮһ׻ƽʥ´ʱ̬ڷʥ˴ʱϳ̬
ŵ£Ψһȱٵľ˫ƽʥ£շ˹˹ľһ˫ˡ
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˵ŻĹŮѾһƷڷ׵ʮɢŽɫġƷôһſչʾԼ˵̬
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շ˹˹ʧҡҡͷɻܶಽ裬ʥ±ĻҪ죬ҪһֱֲѾûˣҪȥһЩУ
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ҶȴһȻȻһģʵǳɳŪ
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շ˹˹ͷۣԱȴ˰߯˹ʲôǹ𣿿ǿǽ
Ҷһת󣬾Ϳ߯˹ŻûϣֻǴһεİŵ˹սУȻǱŤĻ£ȴЩԼˡ
ǡһôҪֶ⳥ң
Ҷʼȴֻһ䣺Ϊ㲻ãʵǺǿģ
Ŷôʾһ°ɣ߯˹־ͰѰŵ˹սж˳ٶȷǳ죬ͺͶһһֻĸͷδ˵㣿
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Ҷһһǰŵ˹սһлһԲµĵâ߯˹һϷı齥ĸı䣬Ȼһ˿˷ܣܰ
ΪŮİ߯˹ӵв׵ҶֻǴŵʾһ°ŵ˹սеĴ÷Ӧνķӳͬʱ˸⣺Ӧòֻһİɣ
ѾҶҪ˰ŵ˹սУϸƲͣڻûг͵صĦһ㡣
ҶʱôһĽǵһο߯˹¶ı飬ֻǾȻǶһģһʵûŵ˹սʵǳɶԵģҲаŵ˹˫У
ŵ˹˫𣿡߯˹ĵ˵ͷҶ⳥ҵ⣬һǲˣ
ʲô
߯˹ĿӰŵ˹սŲùģֻһĽõУ
ٵǿԱ仯ģǱǹ֮⣬ʵҪ̬ԹҲ˵߯˹ʵϲԶԶľ͸ɵ֣ǳȥԷŵ˹˫еȷܺãϲȴΪõװ
Ҷû뵽߯˹Ȼ⣬ѵ׼˱ǹ
ͷҶƬ̺ͻȻȭһԼƣô磡漴һӱɪ֮ȡһͷСļһǳθڣ
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Ҷ쳣ıƣM61ʽڣ


081 ǳɳ
񣿻ڣ߯˹˼׿ҲҶóȤֶʮѿ˱ȶ
˵ʱһˬԼǳųı飬԰ð߯˹ͲҶóκεĿǣͲ֪ⶫж
ϲ𣿡
ҶŻڣ飬ƺҪʾһжôǿҿҲûкʵĿ꣬ҲطΨһʺϵӵľʮ׽ӲӵĻƽʥˡ
Ǻշ˹˹ʥ£ôǹİӣҶıʾżշ˹˹ҲͬôȥԼġƷ
ȫ˺շ˹˹һĺ棬Ҷóһأϧ߯˹ûпֱƽʥ£ָǱƽ˵˾䣺ܸоȱʲô
շ˹˹̽Щ׻ûɣڲһӰˣûκ
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߯˹ԭֻΪһѶѵĶǺշ˹˹ĽܣװεĶû뵽Щι״ĶȻǿף
Ȼмȷп׵ӣ˫ŮˮƿƺǶӺͿ׺ϵһȥ
ǣʹõʱЩΪʥµĿ׾ͻֽ⿪ȻɸλĻ״ʹߵϣ
ŶôȤ
ڰ߯˹ʥҲһȤʹ֪òǴϵĿףҲΪΪƥ˹бҪһ׻ƽĿԼ
ƽʥ»ͻĿ⣬ҿһ֮󣬰߯˹ĿͣϣΪֻʥй
߯˹渧˼أȻ˵һ䣺ΪҴһĿףô͵⳥ˣ
˵ʱûȥҶģûע⵽ҶĴʱԼĴָзȥʱſ¶βߣ첲M16A3żⵯϰRPG汳ں󱳡ŰԴٰͷһҪս̬

ѡԼװļԶϰ߯˹ζҶεķ֣ԼеԶǹе֮Ķûйʸһ
ϸ룬ʵɽҲû˭ණϾɽʼʱһҽɣͬʱʼľУʸ֮ĶҲǹƷһҽɲֶܻ
ѰĽҲϰⷽļգȻԼ棡
˵󣬵ΪһЩһЩԶǾԲһ࣡ûУ͢даʮҲ˹ùһûбο㱣ˣ߯˹ҲܿЩ
ˣûʺϰ߯˹ˣָܷٻͼһָ̫
ͷŵҶͻȻôһ䣬̧ͷ򰢶߯˹ͿŮ۾ŹĶʥ¡
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ߵʥµԱߣҶǼƲʥµãһƵ
߯˹תͷҶģҾƽ𹭺ܲҶΪ߯˹ŻƽɺȴžܻƯ

ԭֻΪŪһѣʵʲôģ߯˹Ͳȥˣ
Ҷļô˵ǻƽһ£һ²Сôǻƽ𹭵ĹһǳӡʵûôҪҪһҿ԰һȻֻǻͲܱ֤ˣǸҪλ֮񣡡
Īȥĺշ˹˹գգۣſóªݵȻ¶һ޹޹أֻ͵ı顣
ֻǵҶ˵˾䣺֤ǲǼŵ˹սвƣ֮󣬺շ˹˹¶һЩȤı飺һƣôһ߾ȫܹ߱ƥ
Ŷǵȵȣ
Ҷֽ̽ȡ˳̽ڰ߯˹ʱͱõʱҪӴָȡ
֮˰߯˹ͺշ˹˹һĺ棬ҶֱӷͨѶ󡪡֣ӢǸһȻͨѶŪĺĳƵءڻ˶ӣҽյĿռоȻһԷͨѶ̽õͨŷЧǳǿȫ˵εӰ졣
һ죬ﴫ֣Ӣʦ£
ղҶͻȻҶͨѶ֣֮ӢȥæԼˣû뵽ûþͷԼʦͨѶҪ󣬺ЮͨѶװõӻϵĶֱͣӽͨͨ
֪ʲôȽϳ𣿡
֣Ӣһ㶣Ͳզ˽Ҫ˵ĻӡĿ¾׷¡գ⻹ΪҶĵĳֶȤζɽϵЩڵĵӣĵϷ˲֪ٱ顣
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ҶԴһܲУ
һ̫׽᣻ڶ鷳仰˵Ƿɻ䣡Ҳ߯˹⣬ܻܸˣһҶҪĳ˲ˡ
а֣ӢķӦҲ㹻죬̾뵽ԼʦĿǰڰƥ˹ɽϣһһ̫ģ
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ƺӦЩ֪Ĺа֣ӢѰ˼һ£תͷԱߵ˾䣺ʲôȽϳ𣿡
᱾һԸ޾֣֣ӢʦͨҲûлعͷֻԼ飬鶼ûб䶯
ʱ֣ӢʣһûʲôķӦϵһϵݵ˴޾ϣȻմ޾ķԸһӦŵĵطͺȫû֣Ӣʻһ
֣Ӣ϶شģ벻ҲԼһظ
ȻԼĪʮ֮ͻȻĳһ֣Ⱥ֮ŭ
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ҶҲĻشΪղһ˲ǳȻﴫ󣬵ǿݵġ
֣ӢҲһҲ벻ⶫʲôֻһ
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ŶͻȻȻƽʱȴһϷˣܶϷϼڣܶϷݶᱻסĳϷеװȻʲôϡ顣
תͷҶģ֣ӢԼʼǱҳһЩϣȻͨ̽ͨѶװýЩݴ˹ȥȻ̽еͨѶʩкܶûнһЩеȴ걸
ҶĿǰСĻϳֵһСԼͼƬҶĺ⣺˰ɣҲܺʣ
ΪŮİ߯˹ʹõĹȺ֮ŭҲӦϾһЩ˵ӡУͺҹеͳ˧һ㣬ȺǲԵ׺СһΧ
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Ҳ֪Ϊһ֮ڲܹе鷳˽ɵһЩ
ڶʲô⣬շ˹˹֪һ㣬߯˹ԭ֪Ҷ˺ҲٺһЩѯʹһЩҲģģһӡ󣬴ŵ˽⡣
ֻ߯˹ΪҶνɣƥ˹ĳһҶľǸеˣ˾ǹͽҶĵа̽ˣֻ֪ûʲôá
Ļ͵λ˵ҶҲ൱һҲҲǰ߯˹΢ıһЩ̬ȣܹҶԭ֮һ
Ӻշ˹˹ҪֽʣҶٶȽȺ֮ŭ˳ֻһûлصݣֻᵽһ
Ⱥ֮ŭţ֣ܰǳʺŮʹã
߯˹һ԰߹ûȥͼշ˹˹Ļȴüͷһ漴΢һ㣬Ҳֺ⡣
ƾħʸȥħʸɢ貵ǹ⣬ųβ⹥ˡշ˹˹İƥ˹ɽһ󣬵ĶǼʵһļƷԺշ˹˹ҲǷǳ뻪Ķģһʸһ趨֮󣬾ͻʧȥʸҪһ͵Ϯ
ûĸƥ˹飬ֻƼֱɦĵطһ
ܲܰƣ⽫һܳƷշ˹˹¿˺ü飬ԼƴµĲһӦеĳߴ磬ϸĹ۲°߯˹ǽϸơ
Ѿ˴µӡˣҪǼǲȱٵĲϣһҪˣ
շ˹˹ĳð߯˹üͷһҲƳ֮鷳ʲôȥȡ
Ѿ׼ԼıУ߯˹ϣõУǽεĸɵȡ
ͬʱԼ͵λ൱ŵҲʲôѵõԼڰƥ˹µһƷҪȡȡ
ղŲûҶշ˹˹ǶζԻĻҲͲˡ
Ҷĵ֪շ˹˹˵ʲôе֣ѵǲôýӦòڰɣȻ񻰴˵еİƥ˹ʱʱһ󣬿аƥ˹ǺŽİ
ϸ룬ҶͻȻԼҲһӣƥ˹Ҳ˲٣ǲûֻۡˣƥ˹ɽϣ̸۲Ҳ٣ͺûһ
շ˹˹ϵͼֽתͷҶ˵飬ҪһˣҪʮ׻ƽʥԼŮҪôǸز٣
鱾Ҷĵ飬շ˹˹ҲûбҪԼȥǸ鷳ֻҪЩͺˣʲô鷳ȻҶĻŵȥôҲֲȻȥŵһЩ鷳
ǸŮ˸ʲôѵʲô鷳һܽ𣿡߯˹оԼһᵽǸŮˣеܲ죬ֱӿڴ˺շ˹˹ҪҵҪ鷳ǸŮˣ
֪Ҷĺŵ׼飬Բʮ׻ƽʥ¾ŵҪģ鷳ҲŵģǸŮ˴Ҳ
߯˹ֻǾ鷳ŵȲͱǸŮ˵һƵأ̿ڽ˹
Ŷշ˹˹ǲں˭ȥֻǵ˵ͷôͰŮ񵽰ٺϵǳЩǳɳɣΪҪĶܶ࣬Ҫǳɳ
˵꣬շ˹˹תȥоͼֽĥӦζȺ֮ŭȫɫİ߯˹
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082 ǽĸ
߯˹һ뵽ǸӾ;һͷۣ鿴ԭô򵥡
Ҷ֮׷䣬Ϊʲô߯˹ֺôӦˡ
Ϊ˹ֳ˹ĹͬǡͬĺɫΪ˵õԼеŮˣͬĲֶΡ
Ψһ˹ǿľǲĿʼվŮ棬Լֵ˹ģԱͨͨԣԼûֺθڡ
ҲΪԼħצͬΪƥ˹Ůǣī߯Ķ֣뺣ʾѣ˼ûмʱ򣬵ī߯ʴ򲻹ÿÿǶֵĵطԿī߯
Щ꣬ԽԽҵƣ˵ī߯ôǰƥ˹ɽϵŮǶʼŲǽĺʴ˺þûĳŮˣⲻλˣΪŮǶСģ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򺣻ʴ˾ͻᱬܲ˵ˡ
ôһڶŮֻþŵ㣬Լù
߯˹ȻҲЩŮеһȻԼţųưƥ˹ɽ϶֡Щ⻷ԺʵʱͨͨûãǸΪ˽Ů˸㵽϶ֶεĺʴˣɲֶΡ
ԣ㺣ʻİ߯˹һһεĿ꾹Ȼڲĵϣ̾ͰüͷϸߣܾΪƺеͶĸо
֮⣬ͬҲʲôˣ
ͬǺʵĴӣһ㣬̳丸׼˺ɫԸҲŮֻ֡ΪûǾֶΣԻƥ˹ɽ
һȥʵĵϣ׼λ̫үʲôҪ߯˹ӣ˭ͬǲҲ̳Լ伫ıԸʹʲôֶεĻ治Ӧˡ
һǸһˣ߯˹Ҳûã
ҶĿŰ߯˹һͷ۵ģЦ˵˾䣺ȻԼȥͺˣ
ҶıҲûָаƥ˹οѰǳɳŲɸ˵ĿأǴƥ˹ԣ治֡׼װǳɳװǳɳȻŸշ˹˹һ㣬ʣµĶɽġ
Ҫǰ߯˹ߣôɾûôˣ
ϧҶ޷Ʊ˵뷨߯˹ڳһ֮¶Ůİͷ˵ߣǲأʲôֻ˵ԺƺейȻת˿ҶģҡѾ׵ıʾ㽫ҵɷ򣬺ʾٴ󵨣ҲΥµּ⣡
ǰƥ˹ԼΥôͻ⵽ַ
˹ּȻףʱȴ˰߯˹ıɡֻҪ߯˹һҧҶˣôʾͲǿн°ߣǺ˹ԣ
ȻҲǱϰˣ׼˰߯˹һ뽫ֶŮץؼȥôҲûкʵİ취Ҷɱˣ˹ּȻҲˣ
Ϊʸɲ飬ƥ˹ɽеŮΪΪбҪĻôԻĽҶĸɵû˻Դɡ
ҶȻ֪ڷְ߯˹Ŀƺһɵζʱо裺һˣ࣡
շ˹˹ɲΣּͿʼˣˣͿ㽫ǳɳȡ̫ǻӰ쵽ЩԼʥµģø¸µʱ֮ǰصҵǳɳ
˵վͲˣԹԵԼˣͶͣ˱ǲġ
߯˹ǲ⣬ǶԺշ˹˹̬Ѿϰˣ˵˽շ˹˹Ը
ƺͷĳȻصȲ֪ʲôĴŴ̤Լɹ¹ŵĳϣ߯˹תͷѯ£㻹Ҫذƥ˹ɽ𣿡
Ҷһ㶣漴Ⱒ߯˹ǸжɣȻȥôҲͲ˷ʱ䣬ֱӾ׼ȥٺ
ԼȥҲûʲô飬깫Ҳشк˻񣬽ԵҲˣûҪһܸɴҡҡͷȫֱӾȥٺ
ȻĻǾֱȥɣ
ȵŴ򿪣߯˹ʩųԼȻݴߵٶȣһ°ɫĹ⻪ֱӳ˳ȥ
ҶҲ𽣹ں⻪ͬһʱðŨ̵Ļɽд˳Ȼڿ΢һתȷ˷֮;ֱϷȥ
ٺǵкһ֣ڰƥ˹ɽ棬ǱΪкĺ󣬺кļڡ
ҵкķҲΪ滺仰˵ֱһȼʥءֻϧڰƥ˹麣ǺʲأŮȻƬĺ൱㽣ȴû˭ܵطϷ棬һСģͱĳĺʸˡ
ҶĺͰ߯˹ٶȣܿͿƬĺϦӳɢŵâĵкҶһֿҹյĴִȴһ򣺡ѹǳɳֶڣƬȻһֿǿյĸо
߯˹ûоʲôϡ棬кȻôܹ黹εģľɫȻ˾̾µȴû¡
ųбУٶȵİ߯˹ͣպշ˹˹ԣǳɳһǳĵ֮ϣڰٺϡ
ǰٺϵڶ࣬Ĳ֪ĸСǳ֪úշ˹˹һŵͼˣ
ڲѵİ߯˹۲ԶŽеҶģһھͲҶĴˤȥ֪ǳʲô𣿡
ҶĻһ𡢽ҲһɫĹθһ󶶶ǿľͺѹȵĵݣֱˤҶһΣô֪Ҳãһֱڰƥ˹ɽϣ
߯˹Ҳ׹Լʴˣɲô׾ͳϴӣѵûкúʺշ˹˹𣿡
ΪΪƥ˹֮һ㣬ڰƥ˹µһжָƣҶĵȷôģûϵΪİ߯˹ȻǳʲôӶ֪
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ͣסԼݣ߯˹֮УȻһİٺ
Ⱞٺ˵󲻴˵СȴҲСƫƫڶ࣬ɢƬĸطҪôķΧе죬ҵԼҪѰҵǳ鷳̶ȲֱҺȥǳλá
Ҷļ߯˹һݣ֪ͺͷҲһ鷳һ£󿴵ŵ²Զһĺָָ԰߯˹˵ˣȥЪЪ˳Ӧôܹеģ
߯˹ҶĵĽģ뵽ԼôɴţǱеЩһ￴ͨͬĻôⲻһ鷳ҸŵطҲһʵѡ
˵ͷȻתͷֱǺȥΪ˱ⱻע⵽߯˹ûŪ̫ĶʱԼݵ°׹⻪ȥ
ҶҲȥϢĸڰ߯˹˺ϡ
һСĺֻһС֣Ȼ󺣵ΧһȦϸɳɳ̲Ҷʱע⵽ƺи۵Сˮ̶ӦǵˮˮԴȻԲԲȣϰʹȻǻȹעһЩ
֮󣬰߯˹վڳϷ˼Ӧô𣬶Ҷ첽ֵ߽Уȥһˮ۵ĺϣȻһ峺ȪۣҶΪȡ
˸ˮҶľȵķְ߯˹վڳϣûŲط
׼ڳվһ𣿡
˼İ߯˹ҶһۣҲôɵվڳϲǻ£һ̧ţʹӳ
ֻǲһȵɳ̲ϣЩһ¡߸ЬϸЬֱ˽ȥȻʧȥĵİ߯˹󣬵ÿԼĳֱܾߣʱסΡ

һԵҶЦûûεģָ߸Ьɳ̲ϻˣ߯˹϶֪
ǹģЩܣԼôƵǰ߯˹ŭڼС֪Բԣ
ǰ֪Ҷһҵȷ֪Ҿ뿴Цӣð߯˹ŭֵٴ˼ٷֵ㣬ŰӼҪ˽Ϻһ㺮˪
Ҷһͽת˱ȥôϲЬӣ

ɲûشǻشϲĻ߯˹뵽ĵطȥ˵ϲ춼ţ˵ʵ˫ЬӴȻ˫ȸÿθͦΣǻǺ˵ġ
˵ϲĻﻹв٣Ҷȷв٣ҸֿʽɫӦоУǻģȫûġ
ֻЩЬӣһЩĶ·Ь֮ģҲϲ
߯˹ûҶԤϰ¶ĵı飬ҪЩ˫ۣɵһ䣺ΪʲôôŮ˵Ķ
ǸӣҶ˰߯˹ǰ̸۲ʱ¶ı飬ͺ񿴵ʲôණһ֮Ψֲ
ѵЩ˺ͲһĴɫħ
ϸ룬һЩȷᣬҶֻðпЦһ£ȻװĽһ䣺ȻҪȥģ
ӡ߯˹һ㶣漴ӵģ˵ӣ
ţҶƻ߶İ߯˹԰Ьѵɳ̲ϵɳӺҲů
ոյʱ֣̫±һɳӷǳůҶ˼£˿֣Ҳ̫
ǹɳ̲ȥʵڲүǸɵ飬Ҳɳ̲ϲһӡĳ嶯
߯˹Ͳʲô˼ˡ
ԥһ£߹Ů˫߸ЬȻ̽Ųһ΢΢еȶȵɳ̲ϣһҶĵȷûƭĸоġ
˼˼СɿɰĽӡ߯˹ȻŮĻͷ£Ȼ¶һǳõЦݡ漴ʲôƵأתͷȻͷžͺܸ߰ĲߵҶĵǰ


Ҷָָɳ̲ȻԼȺ˵ϣ߯˹գգۣ¶һŵı飺ڵϣ
Ѳϣ
߯˹˿棬Ȼɳ̲ҿһƬƣǲԸֱȥͷ˵˾䣺˵ɣ
Ҷ°ͣǰ߰Ů˵һʧɫĻǺðɣʵ㣬иһˮ￴ˡ
ʲתӣ߯˹ڵһʱͿǸƯںϣƺһ¡
Ŀ̾ƳǸǺ壬һˡӵֺһͷļһǰΪɵһеһʵĴͬ


083 
ͷˣ߯˹üͷĿԺͰƥ˹ɽᲢˣΪе㻳ҶǲǹԼ䵽ȻʵĴӵġ
ĻѵҶĺͺʲô᣿֮ʲôı۾ô£ڰ߯˹˵һ¡
ϧ߯˹ȻҲûŵȰ㣬ƾ˿ܹƲĵزϰøֱ׵ķʽȥȷֱҶģǹģ
ǹģôҾͲȥЩȪˮˣҶûжͷû̧ǳ򶨵ԭء
ʲô˼߯˹Ȫˮ͸ղԼʵ֮ʲôϵҶĵĻشֱǴʡ
Ҷ¶һЦھû֫ľͷҲʼ΢ԸС
˵ҶĵĻشð߯˹Ҳһжˣ
Ļô͸ˡ˵ԼʵҶģͬʱ򲻱ʲôµĸоĻôֻһ˻սʱôҪΣࡣ
ӦҶʮ򶨣ж˵ǸƵأҵǺܺ棬ʲôȻô
߯˹Ҳ֪ʲôﱾ;߱쳣ǿĶأֻҪһСһӵޱǿʵ䣬߯˹ȻûۼƵҲ١
ȻҶûʲôøУʱƺҲǳĺʱ㡭ûд󰭰ɣ
Ӧáûʲô飡ҶĵĻشð߯˹һȻԶǿ䣬ôҲһʱĻҶľͿԻָսԼֽͬˡ
ϧǣͬƺûиʱ䣬ڰ߯˹Ҷ˵ô򣬱ĺͻȻֵֹĹпϺһȴֱеİҲôûйϵĴ
һһӺðͷֲð߯˹ͷƤ飬ֻһƣͷĺѾΧסˣЩӱŵĽΧ˵С
ͬʱЩʿлűǹŹңң׼ֻҪ춯̾һ뷢ľ
ĿתͬڵĵطоȻûгֻ¶ԴңңԼߣ˿û˼
һڸʲô
ƲϵɣҶƣȻýӲͷ˵ԼĲ²⣺ֻҪͿѲ⽫°ߵģȫԼΪֺԼΧģ
߯˹ҶĵĽ֮¶һм飺׾ӵĻԣѵܹƭס𣿡
Ҷ̧ͷ۰߯˹ͻȻ߰Ůʵϻ棬Ҳ֪ǲΪƽûԼⷽıƺĻɲŵ̫ˡ
ҪƭˣֻҪһ˵ĹȥĽھ㹻ˣ˶֪˵ѣҲ޿κΣ
ߣΪô׵ĵó𣿡߯˹˰ͷôຣʿ˵Ҳκεв
˵ʱô㣬ΪŮİ߯˹ĸ߰ȴʱѡͷҵıĵļһץȻŪﰺͷսһ
սҲᱻץ
Ŷ
߯˹˵һĻ֮תͷԭأһ˿һûжҶġ˹ָΪԼɷˣȻܣôҲû뵽Լȥ֮ǰŵĻһ
⡭𣿡
һ̸ˣҶ֪»ᳰЦһ߯˹ʱеȷָоȻֻôһ˲
̧Լֱۣ߯˹ܵľ׼ٻԼһ̧ԼںҶľʱͱٵˣҶ˵Ը⳥ҲûԼȥѰҺʳֵļһʱûаߣֻ̧εͣڰա
û
߯˹ıеΣҵͷȥһЦҶģƾ֪ҶĴʱ϶ǴųЦı鿴Լ
ò˵˽Ӵʱӣ߯˹ԽԽ˽ҶˣҶŴʱȷЦţûгǿǵҪŮӡ
ڱ⣬ҶȻˣڵǿеģָϵıɪ֮΢΢ɢһâȻöƾճҶĵǰҲǰ߯˹ֱߡ
һֵİɣ
Ӱ˵ѳһСɽǰںշ˹˹ȡļмҲʵҲǺܶ࣬ϾҶĽ֣ӢȻ÷ȥˡ
ϻŵҪôǱȽϺõĶҪôǸ˵ղƷ
߯˹ͻȻֵôණһ£ܿƽȻͷһҵĶѡźʵ
öһЩΪЩһѾʼ߳ˣ
Ҷûж˵ǻƵģ˵޹һ߯˹ȴʱȴ޷ôУȥ֮εָָǰҶóĻڣǿ𣿡
ǵģҷǳʺ
ôôʹã
߯˹һ־ͽ޴ĻȻ΢ǰһձҲͬץס˺ǸƲݸһձŮսTX޴ĻͺһӦе
ǸɫİťֻҪ㰴סȻǰ˶׼ҪĿͺˣ
ľʵͦгģҶĿŮôһرӦܾС
ɫġť𣿡
߯˹ûʹùҲûм֪ʲôЧѾǳ˵ĻڻڵתǹתǴųβ漸Ҫһߵ֮ʱ򣬿ܻᱻͻȻľ޴ŵ
ʵϰ߯˹ȷһⲻĶŻ˫΢΢һȻ֪ӵֱΪһĿֱգղӰ
ҶĵͦȻһĻǵͨһЩϵ⻮ģȱװӵĵҩʹһͦ䱸ʮӵͬʱǹܱҲ˼ӹ̺ȴ󷨣֤ĳԣ
֮⣬䱸ǹҲķӵÿӵҷⵯϳһβ棬ʹƹͬʱҲһӵܹġ
ԵȺʿȻϴĻףֿǣֲĻ֮ûκεֵĿܣֵϼ֮ǱΪǾͻᱻǿֲĹ˺飬ҲըࡪڣǹҪһ㣡
߯˹ӳʱľȵ˷ܣȻһЦݵŻͣŤԼǲһյȻǴĹԼǰ̳һΣЩɶֳªĹͨͨ˺Ƭ
ù񫣡
浽ȻһɤӣһԵҶľ㵵Ŀű߹ŮŮͽȻĵͻȻһ˴µθУ
񣬲Ӧðⶫ
ڵȻԸǿ߲УŰ˵ĻЧһҿȫϵơ
Ҷǰܿ϶ֶɽожȷˣԼڵӵôɽҲһֲĴڡ
ֻеѾ˼£ȻǹܽĴǼϵǿȵӵڲ֪˶ٷ֮ǹѾһƬͨˡ
Ҷע⵽ȥӵѾտʼʱһֱߣǿʼɢɢĿĵķƮǰ̫Ŀ꣬Ϲնɨ˵ĻɱѾ½˲֪ٸ׼
ɼˣҲͷˣ
߯˹
ţİ߯˹ûͷ˦ϵȻոȺȺƺȥ˼Ͼϵʵֲ̫ˡ
ͣ
ΪûԼʳڣϵĻͻȻһ죬Ȼһð߯˹˷ޱȵĻ񳹵ױһͭ
׵ĳȹը˺üȹϲλøǱͻȻƬһôĿӣ¶˱ڵİȣĵطҲͬ˸ڣ΢һĻҶ͸Ǹȱڿ˵ľɫ
΢ɫҲͻȻıըЩңôķ˿ôǿ˴󲿶ӣں統С
߯˹ΣȻźתͷҶģô£
Ҷʼ򣺡ʵǲܳʱĳģըš
ըţ
ǷӵǹΪ¶̫߶ը¹ʣҶʵҲǺܶžô˼
ϻŵһֻ˵ϣ߯˹ɢĵǵƬȻõĳȹһӵĲ㲻ǷһֶǷһ·
Ҷվû¡е·㰢߯˹׶û⡣
תϿ˿ǸһֱˮвϳĺͷѾûӰǿ߯˹ղǷıݣ֪ԼͼıûϷˣԺܸɴܵˡ
ܵĵǹ죡
ûˣҶվ߯˹´һ£漴ͷҶĵоȻһȭͷСˮˮûаϡĵطֻͱУǺƯ
ûˣǸһأҶˮһõϼľڶƬ̼ˮû뵽ܵĵͦ죡
߯˹תͷƺ׼Ĺʿô죿Ҫ𣿡
ܣҶЦЦȻˣһʱû㣬յϢҲӦģ
һӣһҶһƾճǰȻҲҶʲôƣһյ˺һĶ˶Ա㣬͵ľʹ˳ȥȻڰ;Ȼһת򣬾ֱ˸߿ա
漴ɫ⻪ƬؾȻ˽ҶĽߵУȻеԱųޱ߽
ҶΪÿһ̺ĽһǳֲʱȻֻ춼ɫĽһضɫһ㡣
߯˹ĹɫĽ±ɱҶʣɫΡȻҲԽȺﶼɵǾԲôɣǸѾ˿սСôĹһɱһƬҲ㹻ɱĽ
ͬԾǴ̣߯˹ĥûһ£ֻûϵҶԼҶˣȻóȺı̬
ɫĽʮӣȵһƬҫ۵ɫɢȥ֮ɫѾ¹Լǹҫ£ȻӰԭ߯˹ûɱںϵʬ壬ʱҲȫˡ
ղǡҶĸղһУǰʹȭҪ£ѵ˵˵ʵʵԼĻҪֲ
ҶЦЦղʹôֲһеĲһ㲻ʲôǶԸආȽϺʹֶΰˣ
߯˹ô˵΢һܾãû˵ʵ


084 ħŮ
߯˹ܹоĳָоҲΪһģܹһЩԼ˶ûע⵽һЩ˿в쳣
˽һЩʾֻʾƮװգ߯˹Ƭ̺󣬷Լ벻ĶֻԴɵĿִһҶģȻͲټ׷ȥˡ
̧ͷŲǵҹգҶɨһѾعƽĺ棬תͷأԶԼİ߯˹ֻϢˣ
ϵģããѰһԼ֪ʲôӵСǲͨˣڰӰ첻ǣҲһȤ飬ǵ֮ټѰұȽϺʡ
߯˹ȴô⣬ΪŮҲûʲôӰ죬ֻҪǲ΢¹ҫ߯˹ïܵĴнԼҪץɱҲ淴Ӧ˰߯˹Ƕôǿ
ʵҶҲܣӵͫȰ߯˹Ҫֱһ۵ɹȥԷҲˡ
ֻ˲ڰƥ˹ﱩ¶̫ĵƣԼ򽣾ûбҪҲ׼á
˵ףǶ԰ƥ˹нģ˳ͻôҪԼЩɹأ
ԴΪɾ֮ҶľͷԼ򽣾ʹӷݣͬʱҲȵǿ˲֪ٸΣԵԪǿ
ɽɵȺһ򽣾һǧй⽣
Լ򽣾ҪĹǧй⽣ҪΧĻ
ڵɽ֮ΪɽԪΪ棬ĹҲĿ죬ҶľôȥҲûбҪˣͿʼѰ˼׽϶ΪһҲܹӳǿ
ϲ֮żǽ򽣾ҶĵĻ˵ǡɽԺܶõľô
֮ҶĽ컹ǵһʵսʹŽȻֻСţֻʹʮΪйըĽҶĺ⡣
ĻʵһԽȺһգҲɢĻı¶̫ʵˡ
ɳ̲ϣź淢ŴҶûע⵽߯˹ɳػһüͷǰ뿪ɣ
Ŷ
ɳѾˣ
ȻĲźΪɫԽԽɳ̲¶ҲʼĽˡŽŲ棬Ǹտʼô
Ҷֽ߯˹һ飬õĳȹŮ˵ϣĺջ󣬰ڰڵıʲôûлҪĶ
߯˹üͷĸߣԼûʶԴҶģüͷһ첻֪ҪٴΣ⣬ûܴ··Ѿܴˣ
Ҷĵû˵ûУԴת˼Ȧ˦һ°ɫӦܴ
¶ĳȹҷǳŮԵչ˳ĲõĴϣǾһҾ磬ǰ߯˹Ļ
·ǻµѡŷ޳ϯһЩʱ򴩵ģֻǲСĳ˵㣬ôԾûһֱҶĵĽָ
߯˹ͱȻ»Ҫһ㣬·Ϊһˣｫ·֮³Ҷǰİ߯˹ϵȺʧɫŮĳƺš
ֻʱҶԴ뵽ȴǰ߯˹ʱģǸղŶŻɱķı뺷״
ˣӰˣ
Ű߯˹ԼĳȻգҶֻüŮĺ棬ȻͷӬһںϷȥѰǲ֪Ҳ֪ʲôģǳ
ķгҹ˼ûκϢںϲͣķУÿһСҪȥǲӵǳɳǳ
ÿһζ޹
ǳɣ
һһ֪ĺϣûѰҵԼҪҵǳɳʱҶĶʼҪҪȻش¯ʺշ˹˹һˡ
ƫƫʱһӰͻȻӺƽ˳Ȼվɳ̲ϳü˺һ
ȻĺԶҶĻǿһŮˣˮֻ¶һԴ״΢еֲ֣Լ֪νľּ䣬е
һͷɫĳɢ΢ķ͵Եİ߯˹мƣͬʱź˶ʱʱֵļͷƺԤʾŮ˴ĺ
ʲôˣ
ҶĲûжԷòԼӾͷɾ裬ŮҲ٣Ҫ˵㲻ʲôϧ֮ˡ
ŮͻȻðѾҶĺܾˣοһںǵĿġ
߯˹תͷƳ˼ۣȻġףһǸ㣡
㣿ҶΪŮ˻ӺðˣȻҲǸ壬ȻǸһĶµ˼֣û뵽㡣
ƥ˹㣬ֻͬǸүԭҲģ
߯˹һۣȻҶû˵Ǹ鼸ԼʶϣȻеģ
ƥ˹ɽϵϲȻΪʵĲ֪Ĳֻ⣬ĶһЩϡŹֵĶҲϲĶģµĳҲܶЩһͿĶ
㣬ǺµĳҲǺòһ壬֮ľĸˡ
һ弸ͬе㶼Ҫǵǰ
߯˹Ҳʶ˲ԾͻȻðɲǲɣֻʵǸ⣬ȷͷ۵顣
֪ǳ𣿡
Ҷĵûô࣬Ȼ˼Ҫ򵼣ûнߵıҪıƣǲ£Ǹͬʵôе˼Ҳð졪ԲȾͿˡ
ԲȾûжĿܣ֮ͬ˴׼ΧǣҲģҶԴΪ֮һһƬȺܵ˺ü
˵ǿ򽣾Ǿ񹥻ֻҲǿͬʱ˵ͬʱе˭˭ľ𡭡
Ǿ仰ô˵ţʵǿһ̶ȵʱһıƶֻЦˣ
µҶӵ㹻ʵԲúͬˣʲôƲߣҸؼһǣǸ̫ͬү֪һ㣡
֪ŶҪ𣿡
ںϲ֣ͣôƺǸСرĶҶĵĶʱ򣬻᲻һַǳĸоƺĸеǳͣͲһֱȥ
Ҷһ΢һУ˵㳪ʱʧȥңҲȫǺ޸ݵĴ˵
Ʈ˿зɵǰҶľôǳŵĶӣȻǰӶںˮ㣺ʲô֣
ҽŶϲˣҪʶȥǳ·Ŷ
ݵ㿴ҶķɵǰȻһܿĵӣһ˫Сճȭͷ°һ˫Ҷģ֪ǲǴҶĺ뿴˫۾ð
·ɣҾ͸󣡡
Ҷô˵Եúܿģ͵ĵ˼ͷȻһһϸ۵֫ˮдܳƬͻһŤĶҶǰһţȻһ˸űɫâβܳˮ棬Ȼ͵ҽˮˮҶһһ

Ĩһ£ҶֱӾ׼ȥ֪ʲôʱԵİ߯˹ȴͻȻ˾䣺Źȥûϵ𣿡
ûϵͬǸһʲôˣ
ǰɣ֤ԼܹݵͬʱֲΪٶ̫쳬Ǹ涼¶ļһûʲôֵõĵģ
߯˹ȴô룺˵ǣҪԵǡأ

Ҷĵı͵һͣһԵİ߯˹һɫ䣬̾͵ûܣ
˵仰֮Լһйǰ컹˺ܲѰû뵽ûּͱˡ
Ҳû£
µҶֻӲͷƤˣ˾ǺͲһˣҲԽ˽һλʾʲôʵ
ڤ˹֣ʱ˫ûгȫҲܴµƲڤʵ
ʡΪڤ˹ֵܣλҲ൱ĲʵӦҲǿɣ
һΣҶȴûм˹߯˹ĵûгΪʵָԶһͺͺĽʯȺ˵˵ʱҶĺͰ߯˹һһͺͺʯͷ
ǳ
ʵ޷һƬʯǳϵһĪνǳɳʯƬʯʵǡͣ
߯˹ȴϳɫԽѿתȻһشݣ㲻㣬ǺħŮ
ѽλĴôô˵أһ˵ĻŲ飬ȻһҡԴһŽտβӺˮһأҡͷĶ˦˦ȥ
ˮɢ߲ʹ⻪βɢɫΣҶĺͰ߯˹һ㶣ĿǸһġģݡ
ݿ⸱ģǹһĨ΢ЦЦݱ濴ޱȵĴ࣬ȴһ˿׽˲ĵ⡣
ʱҶͻȻع񣬱ƽƽĺɫų߲Ĺ⻪ҫ۵ĹâɢĹʸȥȻ⻪ɢȥһжָƽ
ʱҶѾָһվڳϵİ߯˹ҲҶһôֶθ˹ʺɫӡڰ߯˹ǰı۰ԵرĴۡ
Ҷŭӵİ߯˹ԼԼĲȴҶһ䣺͵ȥɣҪһ㻹ѣôһƾǳˣ
߯˹ͻȻûѹĻһƳԼϣԹֶ˼֣֪ʲôļһ
һ߸һŭŻˮװɰݣֳɣħŮһֱˮ㲻𣿡
ѽȻѹˣݵı黹ô࣬˵ȴѾ͸ղŴͬǣȥǺܺ𣿻ӵ»õҪģҲһµߡ
ߡҶüëһ˵𣿡
һ˷ܵĵ˵ͷңԶĶߣǺþûˣһλǧǰȻĵʲôţǽл컯ĺ˧һأ
컯
Ҷ۾һû뵽Ϥֻ֣û׻컯ô䵽һģҲνѯʡ
ڴʱһֱˮ͵Ĵˮдܳһ΢Ĺ⻪֮ҶǰѾݣһŮףȴİ˰
ֱ۵λñһԳ򣬶ԭβ޳ȣϧ˫СȵĵطȻһԿֲɢſɲצ
»һ𣬾ֻСλ¶˰Ůļ⸱ҶĵԴﲻԾһʣˣ
Ȼ㣬ħŮɣ߯˹һ֪˵ģǰı仯еȡ
ףǺħŮأ


085 
ħŮɣǹʲͳ죬ɼڰƥ˹ƬУҲôá
ױλħŮһʲôƵֻҪ룬ôͻȥͲῼҪĥǲͬƥ˹Ӫ˻
ϲģںԸջЩˮǽʻʯӶʹôֻ٣ˮе
Ҳ߸ɴͱӣںջЩ˳۵ĿӣȻץԼϳɵϳһƬʯγɵĺͺͺʲôҲûУƺһĿȻӦһȽصĵطΪϢ֮ġ
ڰƥ˹ûɽ֮ǰԼոɽǶʱ䣬ħŮһֱڰƥ˹ϵ֮⣬ΪܹͳĶشڣΪʱƥ˹ɽϵͳһһֱûȥһֱ˹ȷԼλڤʾָʾоʰɡ
ɺԣŵɵӣʶ˰ƥ˹ɽϵı仯֮ɱʾ˳ںϻȻȻĳΪ˺ʲĳ񣬶Ϊʴӵͬڼʶ߯˹ǿ֮ɰæҲ˳µˡ
ûҶģҲ߯˹ĻᱻִջԼ߲ʰ쵵Ļץס߯˹͸ͬ
Ͼƥ˹ɽͷޱȣһʱڣɻһƬ񶼲⾭Ľء
Ů񰢶߯˹Ȼǰƥ˹ɽϵ֮һóķûʲôвɵǿǡŮԡ
ͬȷһȷѡûҶĵĻı˳ţûҶĵĻ
ɻָԼıòһ˫ͣȶòԶҶĺͰ߯˹¶ڿеļ絶Ǳ졣
һͺǽŰ߯˹ĽϣԵҶٴι˴񫡣
߯˹Ҷһۣû˵ʲô𵱳ԼԡʱͱҶĿˣºôǴǿ࣬ҲͲùˡο߯˹Լòһ򶼺֪ܽö˺Ϊ֮㵹
ھҶ֮Ϊ˻һȲĽԼΪУʵȴˡ
Ȼ˿һĸоƺԽǶԼòŵŮԣԽ޷
ãҶĵı֤ǶԼüë޶ԣŮһ˵𡪡ҲôƵĳҶĵǰһ
ʵҶĴµҲܲµҲ̹ȺŮܲʵ㣿ô˼𣿡ܸɴľͱֳһʵҶ㻹ͦȤģŮһ˹ƾͲʲô鷳ˡ
߯˹֪ԼոĽҶĹʩģ᲻ᵱѪüɵĿǰɡ
ءҶЩˣԴƺʾԼĲҪɰжɰֻ˵ĻͲô˾ÿɰˣɴٵɣĺܲˬأ
û䣬ɵ˫͵һ𣬽һǿ紵ԭǰɾͲӰ
ֻǰ߯˹ҶĶһˣǵǿȫܹɵĶһ˾ڵһʱӦԵļơ
߯˹˫һ̧һŹƣֻΪ٣ƺеͷԡ
Ҷı׼֣û뵽߯˹˫һ΢ҷǳ͵Ĺ⻪һͻȻһ˸΢âԹһȫð߯˹۳ĹҲһľۼ塣
ȻҶĵмƣֻ𼸺ʵһ޶¹Թһ۾ܿۼɵĲ΢Щ͸ĲʵУ¶䱾ʡ
¹Թ֮󣬰߯˹Źָ΢΢һ䣬ʳֱָ֮һ°ɫĹ߾ʳָӳȻ̧ͬߵֵУ°ɫĹһһɢ͹âļʸͳ˰߯˹С
һУΪĳļһǲϲʹõģΪûԡ
߯˹ôһ˵Ҷǰ޵ʱ򣬰ȻųǼʸȴ۳ɵļʸ밢߯˹ϰʹļʸΪͬ
ʱֻΪǰе߯˹ᣬԭԭΪʹãᰢ޵İ߯˹ƵԸˡ
ʵϣ߯˹۳ļʸ밢޵ļʸкܴͬģ޵ļʸɢҫ۵ĹâͬʱʸƺһȼţֽɫĹâԽۣľ뽫ԼĿƿ
ȥֱ̫һ㣬ǶԼ۾ĥܹõѡ
߯˹ȴͬ͵Ĺâ˿˾÷ǳĹâҪһֱţҪϸİһ־ǶɢʥϢ¡
˵ּʸ޴󣬲˲룬һҪ˵֮ͨĻôּʸһ֣ǷǳΣյĴڡ
߯˹һָͻȻһɣǿָ֮ļʸ͵Ҷļ˷ӦҶֻǿһ°ɫĹԼǰһ˶ѡ
ôļҪܲô׵飬ȴʱһͷһֻǼʸʱ˵϶һѪ˿ڡ
ܹһ̾ʶԼˣһ˵Լصӣŭɼ£Ȼצ˫žֱ򰢶߯˹ץȥ׼ǰ߯˹ǽףŭɲҪɱ߯˹һҪŮΪòȥ
Ҷڰ߯˹ֵʱֹסԼĶʱɶ˰߯˹һеλŮӦɵĹˡȴû뵽߯˹ͽԼϵ¹ԹȻվԭأͷƽĿԼɣֱͼɴڵĿ⣬ǰĿһһ
ֵҶ뵽ʲôתͷϿȥǡÿȵһĻ
ΪǰĹϵϽǿңǵâڸǲüҶʲôֻҪ뿴ûпģ̾ͷǼڸǿеĵǹ⡣
ȭͷСǹһβ⣬Ӹ߿ֱ£ܼǹҶǰԼʩչĽֻ꣬һȴˡ
Ҳʶ˲ԾǴͷϴĿֲƣͣ˶̧ͷա漴ɵͫ׾һ

Ĳҽһ߼ʵĴϲ֪˶Զµǹ˲ͽɸûҶֻܿŽߵǰǹⱩ긲ǣʲôҲ
ǡ
߯˹һɫе㷢ףȺ֮ŭһֱͷͦվİ߯˹ʱ΢΢еҡΣַԼܵıԵסԼΡ
ɴ˿Կ߯˹һĻǺܴģǸղűֳôɣҲҶİһ
һֱΪԼû˭оִΧɱϾ֮һһҲǼԼԺ˻ļܡ
ҲһһԱԽ׼Ҳû˵˭ҶĵǴ۽ˣԭ߯˹λŮһȺ֮ŭ
Ⱥ֮ŭ
š׼ҵǱ֣ͬ߯˹ҶģʵҲֹҶǲʲô˵֮ǰ͵ԼһУԴ֮ͼûùǰƥ˹ɽ֪ԼĶࡣ
Ҷ֪飬ôԼôཻ飬Ҫ˼һˡʱķӦӦֻǵɺϰˡ
Ⱥ֮ŭǺУ
жٵǹ϶µȷǸ߸߹ϵͻȻŭȻǷŭֲ֮ĳͽ䡣
ǰһƬжϣһȻǿĻܻԼĽꡪʼչ᳹ԵҽҲܷ񣬲Ҳɿµ˿ڣɱǾˡ
Щꡭ˰ȻЩ䵽ϵʱƺᷢ΢ıը̶ֳȵıըǿ˵ɦˣΨһֵüɵľ
µļһ£ԼĪһӵĹ⾰ΪΪܼΪ£ԼĪǧöҶֳһ˵ҲûԼ򽣾࣬߯˹ʵȷҪԼࡣ
ϰ߯˹ʹһк״̬ͿжϳһвǿõСư߯˹ҲΪҶԱߣԼҲͬܳˣŻôɴʹһаɣ
ɡܻ߰Ů˲ԸԼǰԵɣϾǰҶʹ꣬ľƵģҲŮ˵ҶʾˣŻڽһӦ
Ⱥǽϡ価֮ͬ˵ĺˮƽղһĺ˻ǶһƬӰ죬ղŵƽͻٲɼչʾһ棬ӿĲβͣĽʯϣˮǸ߸վڿеҶҲû⡪·ʪ֮󣬿ӺЬҲꡣ
ҿɾֻʣһ׳ˣ
ϴκͰ޵ĳͻһ·ڻһ׸ģʪˣֱ߿ɾûгɻˡִεв١
ҶıԹʱ򣬰߯˹ЪϢƬ֮ɫָһ㣬Եе԰ף߰ɣ
ɣΪԼһ֮ħŮܻ
ҶȴôԹ˼Ҫû·֮ҶЦЦߣλɲô׵ķ뿪漴Ųӿĺ˵˾䣺˵𣿺ħŮ
ڰ߯˹˼Ŀ£һһĴӺˮð˳ǰľ֤Ҷ˵ûͬʱҲڸֵýһоȻħŮá
⡭ⲻܣ
ҶЦЦⰢ߯˹𾪵ɣΪľоȻһ㲻˭Ҳ޷ƽ͵ĽܣֻôƬ̣ѾΪʲôˣ߹Ů£û´ĻȺ֮ŭԴ֮󣬾ûôù
ǵģ޷ŵİ߯˹ܵӦһ䣬漴ʶҶĵĻƺ˿ڣ˼ǡ
Ҷİ˰֣Ժ˵£˿ȻеǱ֫ɽȫֻǵ˵ëѾЩ˿ڵɣмҪѯһλħŮ
һֱϵЦѾʧȡ֮ǱɱıݣҶĵĻ֮ɵһһ˿ЦŶʲô
ʵǣǸ컯Ķʿôˣ
Ǹɰ𣿡ϵЦƣϧܺõһߣǲôʵ滵أ
촽ҲǱղŵȺ֮ŭˣͷȾŵѪȾ˫һȻ󣺡ϣܱǸһʵһ㣡
Ҷĵ˵ͷ̸ֻһͨһȻˣôҲûлȥıҪˣ
һ䣬Ҷ漴˫ۣ˫Ȼ̯ǰұСϣȻ´Ȼſ˫ͫɢҫĿ߲⣬ŲҶ˫ʲôһֿ˷
ֻأ


086 ֻ
ȺһƬգ޴ڵѪζϼԶ޷ѵĿ»棬յĿʹÿʱÿ̵Ķĥɵ񾭣ǵ˲֪֮ʹƺѾԲȥˡ
ΪЦ𣿡
ɲ֪ʲô飬Ƿḻµ˸ţ
Ҷĵ˫Ȼͷų߲ʺԼ֮ͷԼµĵط
ƺڤеƵĴǿֿµĹǲͣĥСɷԼҲʹͺһͨСһûа㷴ֻҧ֮Ŀֲĥ
͹ըʵγɵɽڡǿӲĽԼͷὫ֫һϣȻɼ޴Ĺͬķ
ƽʱǼϨĿ»ƺһĥĵζƷ
ոһա긴һ꣬һʼƾǿάѵĴԼȹ˶õɣĸеľ
˫Ѿʧȥɣʹ಻ĥƺҲûκεЧֻĬĬƾЩİڲ
ֱһ죬һסѾ۲Ƶһ䣺滵ˣֽ֮һѪĳ
ҲܶΣҲοЩǿ״Ŀ¹ｫһѾľ˵ġͬ࡯Уˮɵһ޴ڣǴЩڹ˵ѾûȤߵڡ
Ѿ𣿡
֪ΪʲôͻȻһоȻһֽѣѾľϾȻ¶Цݣǵĳˮһ쳣ůĸоƺϣԼԶ
漴˲֪ٸ͵ľ־͵һּɥϣԶôȥĸоǿеԼԺָĵ˫ĴԼΧѰһӵķ
ΪͿȥ̫ˣ
ϣҶһо񹥻Ļ룬һ׵ȥֻĻҲٵԼʲôΣˣߡ΢ĩļ
ֻһƣԼǰǰ˺ڰʲôҲϴĸоԼȷǽҺ嵱УΨһͬƺû˸ղ˶µĶ
оƵʱһɾ޴ʹɼƶоΧѹȻʧͬʱһֱԼůҺҲʧԼȻпֱӴԼϵˬС
ѵӳˣ
һжʺţ˫ɿκεĶƾԼŬԼȻ˵
еһ㽹ʱƺʲôͷͣԼȫ·ǳϸĽԼϵκһλûд
˵Ӧ޴ܸ߳еȴԼųָо׽Ǹ֪ʲôļһ
ʹͣǸ￿ѵڵɺܿһů壬һ죬Һӿ뵽ԼС
Ҿʲô飿
һĹȥɽԼԷˣȴ޷˵ԼһֲõԤС
ܿ죬ָӾڿһСһ޼ʵĴԭϣԼôſڵϣϸ֫͵ͷɼǰ㶼ڸһǸʲô̬Լǰֻĸ¹һоرůеĿ⿴Լʱһ˹
ѵҳΪ˶
µʵ˺ܳһʱ䣬ԽʳҲеų⡪ֹĶԵϵԼһЩֵĹʳֱҪ
ıʹòԼͷ­ȥʳЩӲûֲ
ոһյţÿ켸ûֻҪԼһ޶ġͬ顯һһĲԭصתȻ˾͵ͷȥҧڼԶҲԲݣ˾ȥѰһˮԴȼˮ
ɶְݣһʱȥ֮ԼԭɣһԶƥ˹񶼸еͷ۵ǿڣǱΪħŮĿֲͽ
һֱһ죬ƽһѰҵˮԴȥˮɣˮĵӰпԼĿǰģ֮ͻȻԼʲôվԭͣ˼Ȼ˹ƽݵ˼µԼһС
ܼȥұ
ȻѾŪһоǻþʲôǱܲͣĸ취룡
Ǿû뵽Ӧôʱһͷ͵ԱͻȻ˳ȻһҧԭصһӵеϸϣȵѪͣɼܹоĵѪҺͣĴԼ½¸һε鵽ĵ
ѵҲİôܹأ
źƺ벻ãٴ۵ʱԼˡҶĺͰ߯˹ɫ԰׵վԼǰǸŵĶ˻ԼؿڣǻѪ㾹Ȼܹҵֻء
߯˹̧֣ƺҪʩչԼ似գѾôܻԸȻûŪô£ɻǵһʱ˷Ӧ
ƾԼ˵ٶȣڰ߯˹ûз֮ǰԼǼӲޱȵĳ򽫰߯˹ͷ­ն
ž޷źͲʵɵĳӶ˰գѪƺĵ׺ȻɵĿע˺С
߯˹վڳƬֱ֮ͺԾˮȥѰԼʧͷ­һһ˿Լһ˿죡
ҶĿһУ޷ŵŭһƥ˹񲻻ŹģɽҲŹġ
ŭûᣬȻһͣͷŲԼĿڵİ۱۰ҶĸоԼߵյ㡣
ɣǺħŮɣǲʲôƥ˹ʲôɽɵģͨͨɣ٣ɱ٣
һеǿẔ֮̇鿪޶ůҺǰ۵ȾһƬȺ졣
һ˿ûвԼΪʲôŷôֲɱɲмĿѾʧȥҶģһ˦첲ֱҶĵʬ岽˰߯˹ĺ󳾡
ͻȻðһ˫۸߸߾ɿ˸ߺһˣҲ˿£
ƺҶ˵ƥ˹Ůе𾪣ƥ˹ɽԱ˹ڤ˹ǺʲһξȻ˵̵ʱ˹ʶɱɣΪ߯˹
ƥ˹񼸺Ƿһ׷ɱɣ޾֮УɸоԼٲϵһ׷ƺʵĵʯ
ɣĸɣ
ϵ˻࣬ѾƵϵĳ򻹱ԭģ⣬ɵԽԽӽΣ˫µצҲָ˫ţð쳣ˡ
ͬʱоĵֻҪԼɱĸ࣬ôԼԱøǿͬʱҲø
ʱɽɵҲɱΪ˰ҶıǼǲɷһδαپһδͻƼޣһδνɱ
ֹɱУɽԼΪʲôɱˣʼΪɱ˶ɱˣпһĿ֡
ҲΪٶ˽ı࣬áӲдѾټİ¶Ҳð˳ͥɳ׷ɱΧħŮɼΪɽĹͬˡ
ڣɱĵ·ߵ˾ͷۼɽеľӢս󣬡޶Ŀֲħɣߵ֮·ľͷ
𣿡
ڱһɢɫ⻪ţˣһԼԴ֮ɵð뷨
۰Ϣ
˫ۣоԼ³ȥʶҲʼ뵽˺ڰУǾһоͽڰʱɵĵͻȻ뵽һ䣺Ϊʲôأ⾿ô£
ͷһԭڰеʶֿʼǻûȥ룬ٴ˫۵ɷԼһֵķ
ĿռڷϡŹֵĶǹڷݶǸԷâĶͣĴ
ԼС֣ǺӤûʲôĽСһ㱣ҡ˭
֪֮ԼɣһͨͥеĺͨŮΨһͨĵطӵһòڳɳʱܵ˲ٵĹעҲΪ˸е
ųɳòǿԽʱͬʱҲ鷳ԴͷҪõһȶĹҪ⸶һЩҪĶ
һʼã⵽̹ȻɽһвĹûиıôֻչȥϷ
ʲôãӦ˹򣬲Լ츳һʵǵʱ
֣ԼĶߣܻò㣬ΪԼ̰ʧȥһУͬʱҲ
Ҫһûеõһа
۵ֻöӺܶͣĽһпȴʼ޷ԼеΧݿµĿ´ڲͣ˺һЩͬʱûʶǶôֲ飬ǵһʱȥеһµĹｫһɱȻ伢
ֹĳԣȴǳԲ
ãˣΧһȺѾʧȥʶֻǱܵһпĶɣͻȻһã
ͣ˲֪˶ʱĶͷ˿Լʱ򣬾ȵķԼЩµĹû𣺡Ӧİ
˱ע⵽ԱһﻹҪĹﲻҲСͺһƵأ޷áʳԼʱпܳΪʳΣա
Ұɡ
֪ʲô뷨ԼӵòŽԼ֣ҲǵһԱˣ
㶣ԼѾָ˫֣ԼѾָΣͻȻþ޴ҸȫЩġͬ࡯ǲͣٻ˸߲ҵԼ֣롮ͬ࡯һգȻǵĿ
߯˹ǰ˫һƬͣͫɢʧȥһɻڱ任ɫƺڸħŮûȥ
ǵƬ֮¶һֲޱҸЦ֮ԭܹƾ豾ȶ򣬲ҷڰеɶͻȻһͣҲû˰ͺͻȻ˽ȥһ
ǡô£
֪ҶģȴҶľôģֻԼµһ־񹥻Ҳͻ˹ޱξеơǻ˹ξԶĳ˯ֱ
֪ʲôʱֱ˫۵ҶͻȻ۾һ˫۵ûκ֮ƽһ޶û뵽ħŮȻܹһֱü͵־
ҶҲһˣֲֹֻܹһҶĴһȻ޾ѭȥһֱ䳹׵ķ
ң㵹ù˿ѾУƯںϵɣҶĳƨƲƲ죬˵һð߯˹ǱӵĻŮȴòϣҶ˵ʵ


087 鹫
ԽԽǿҵĺ紵Ҷ̧ͷգֲ֪ʲôʱʼƬϾȻһѹѹƣеǱ꼴ٵǰࡣ
Ҫˣ
߯˹ûȥΣĿںħŮɵʬԼҶĵص߮Ҷļֶû̧ͽɱһʵܴĳԼʹó˾ȴûܸǸħŮʲô˺ǰ¡
ѵôǿ󣿡
ŮӡУǿҪԼĸ˹Ȼ˹ëԸҲʮᣬǿʵȴǰƥ˹޷ɵģҲ˹֮Ȼ˸еεľȴû˸ڽ֮λԭ
ΣʲԼڤ˹ʵҲǼΪǿᣬȻڤ˹ʵһֱһԣе˶ֻ֪λֳӵмΪǿʵǾǿʲô̶ȴû֪
ǺʲԼʵ޼ɵĳ̶ȱ˹й֮޲
һ֮󣬰߯˹ʼǰԶˣ˹ʲһȼǿߡ
ʵϣҶĻûǿǸΣֻҶӵ̫صֻһеԼûκεĻ֮һʵͷӲ㡣
ӲӲĴҶĿʰɣҲôɣٲûҵʣֻҶϣսپȫʩչֻأһеǳ⣺ֶһľˣ
²鿴һҶָָһǳ۵ĽʯƺʲôȻûͫҶԴĿ֮󣬸оҲ࣬ʱȻûȥ鿴ǲĵЩһ㡣
ʱ򣬻Ŀϸ̽һ߸ɴȡ̽鿴鿴ȷһ£ֻǵҶ˵껰ʱ򣬱ǡҶϣĸоһ㶣תͷ˰߯˹
߯˹ʱȻѾָ࣬һ˴룬ɫҲûȫָվ￴һˮµʱ򣬰߯˹ûͷųƾԼļͷϡ
ȹȥ˵ɣ
֣Ҷȷ˹ȥƼҲ˴ʩӦԿֵܳͻȻ״
ǴԼĪһĽʯǰҶĺܿҵһڣڲûλȴܺãǰ滹ڵĽʯߵ˽ǰԿ
˵Щʯ⴦ɽȻɫҶһȥ֮Լ²Ľһ¾ɽ
߯˹ʱҲųܽ˶Ⱥ߽֮ƶȻͣһߵˮγһƬĻӶпȥֺǶһˮɵ
߯˹һףɽ̷һƵ죬ҶתͷһŷŮ˾Ȼɵʬ˽
Ȼð߯˹ҪʲôҶҲû׷ʵȤֻǼǰţȻ۲ɽһС
ֻתһȦͿԿ϶ǸħŮסˣΪɽ˸սǸطԵúʪ֮⣬ĿռԵÿ;ߣһޱȵĴ󴲡
תһȦ漴һȽصķ䣬ĲþҶĺǇһ󣬿Щ߰ߣܹϵ˳ȻסҪȥİ߯˹Ҿ㻹Ǳȥĺã
ŮֱֱĿҶģһֱҶĻòˣŰͷ˽ȥ֮λŮ˳Ȼɫ糣ҶĻע⵽е԰׵ɫ͸Щ
Ҷĸɴ൱ʲôҲûⶴ߯˹ҶûκѯԼЦҲͻָƽҶĺתתȥ
ܿ죬ַһ䷿䣬ӦԷʺ͸С죬ĻԵ÷ǳˣޱԼ޷ɢȥζҶüͷ
ȻǸˣȴעǱϾһ֮ǱҲɽɵ棬ɲӡ
ö֮ҶҲ˺ܰɾˣԻҲñȽޣʱȻϲһ쳣ǰֱתͷ뿪
Ҷģ߯˹Ļ͸ӵˡҶǰӣﲻϲҲ̾˱ᡣ
߯˹ȴͬӳɳһֱվ۷ˣƽûгԹͷҲûйʲôӣĻǰҲ޷ܡΪŮԣرϲྻʱİ߯˹ԼȹԼȹմȾ˰
ǼˣԼЬӲҲ޷ܵڿҶĻ׼ߵʱ򣬰߯˹ͣԼĽŲҪǰʵ̫ˣ
ţܾǰƺʲôҪϢϸ̽ȽϺáһﻹɵͬĻҲþɵ
Ҷô˵߯˹Ͳ˵ʲôˣϾҲΪ˵İȫŮ񲻵òǿѹеȹСǰŲţҶҲСʲôͰüͷȹӵŮ˦ûӰˡ
ԽߣԽĻǣ̱ǵζ޷ܣ߶ܵӰ죬߯˹ŵ˫ƺˮΪĿ̼˫ۣѾܹˣҲǰˣֱǱڤ绹ҪµطȥǶĵѪأҲٴƬˣ
Ҷʼ򣺡ȻȥɣǸҵҡһڣ;⻰ƺе̫Ϊᡣ
ѾĻ鼫Ϊӵİ߯˹ûע⵽һ㣬ҶĵĻû˵꣬ѾŤͷٶ뿪߸ЬʯͷϷⶴзĻ죬Ȼ󽥽ҶĵĶʧ
ɡ̭㲻
ҶȻǰߣҲеܲĻطҲ˸Թ޲ýѾɸȻֻĥӡ
ۼǰĵ·ҲҶĺǷ꣬ǵԽߵʱֵĸоԽǿҡ
һɢžζȴЩĵͺ֮һֱھ״̬Ҷһֱ̧֣ӳС
ɫĹ⻪ϵĽҫĿͬʱҲһƬڵɽȾһ޵ɫųǰתһҶĿ˷ľǸʲô
еԴһԽǣеһ֧ϵˣŷǳѺۣһʨ˫ҲϹһֻҶܹһǳץ۴Ӷͷ˲ǡøסֻϹۡ
ǻõ۾ŭţҶҧгݵķһƵĵͺ𣬿۾ȻŭţҶȴע⵽ûн࣬Ҳ˵һûпǰζŨĵͺƺһϰߡ
ҶĽԼĽƬԭɫѾˣһһҪôһƬɫһƬƬĴŵ̵īɫ⸱ʵôÿԵúǱ
ǳǼܲСҶֻһۣⶫ״̬ӦǺǿ׳޴󣬼ƣ¿һݵƤͷĽߡ
ʵһʼҶΪһ壬ǵע⵽ǶǰžȻ֮󣬾֪Լ´ˡ
ʲô
˰죬ҶĽߵĶʲôˣ룿˸ȥôô
ǰ˼ҶеֻƾɢĽ۲ͷޱȵޡ
ٶͷҲֹͣԼƵĵͺǿ۾Ҳָ˹Ҷһ󣬾Ȼ͸¶һ˿ϲá
ţûɣ
ػԼ۾ëҶϸһڷͷȷǺܸˣȻҪվϧһͨһһ˵ϡ
ͷ뻹Ŭ£΢ԼµĶ¶˳źһѾģĲʬ
ǡ
ҶĵһĿⶨǾ߲Ƶʬ档ʬϵ·ѾüĨ磬ǴһЩдļƬϻǿƳһ׵͵Ķʽס
Ǽ׵Ĳ֣Ϊһ鱣ĻĻƻԿĪǡǻ컯
ҶһȥͷֻǰһһӰԼߣȻ̽һֱԼŵʬ塣
һ˲䣬¶˾ɫһֱȷҶֻڲ鿴̽ѰŽ˽䱸ȻԱһᣬֱӵȥ
һ¿ɰҶһѾȷʬѾܾ˵Ҷ̹⿴˿ͷ룬ֱʱע⵽ȻмͷһһֵĽ顣
һҶľȵķԼʩΪ£Ȼ˿̶̳Ϊ
漴˫ָҪԽķȥǽչҶһŭ֮£ֱӴʹȫӲקϣȻͷ˵˾䣺ŵ㣡ͺݺһ飬ǲݺݵק˳
ȻֻһƬɫճҺ壬ѪҶüͷһ壬̴ӽָȡһЩҩȻͷȥͷͨԣҲʲôſ콫ЩȥȻ󾲾
ҶĿǰһʬͺܼܿΪʬԴһͷۣʬҲܲµˣƾᵽĻ컯
ͬʱʬԱ߿˼а󴸡һһںͼģķ
ȻЩʲôҲܴƳЩ󣬾ƾⶫ˲֪ãȴոµһͿ֪һ
Ҷȡ̽Ȼǰķʬɨһ֣ͨӢǰԱ𣿡
֣ӢʦҪʴ޾λǰӦһ̾ȥλڵĺ«ɡ
ܿ죬޾˹Ҷʲô飿
һ˵Ҷǲģ¾ȻҪԼһһֱͨͨ˵ҪǶȻ鷳ˡ
ȻֻҶ˵˾䣺ҸǴƬ￴֮һͼͳ˴޾ǰǡ
һʼΪʬĲûƳǼŷƬ֮󣬴޾һϵ⼸̾жϳǸʬ˭컯
һ޾ô˵Ҷ̵һȻ
ĺ«ȴԵúܾȣҶѰ컯ʬģҪ֪λ鹫Ѿʧ˺öˣ
ڰٺϡħŮɵĳѨС
ħŮ޾ƽʱϲоһЩ߰ģߵܣԼʶΪ㲩Ҳ֪ħŮˡζû뵽ҶĻ﷢ֻ컯ʬ顭
Ҷ̾˿ô׼Ƚʬ׵ȻͻɽҪ鷳ǰˣ
컯ôҲͥ񣬾Ȼ׵ﶼУͻضǱȻġֻҶĵ뷨͵ͥȥⷽϵꯡ
«ȴһȥϵ̩ɽʥ۵ġ
˭
֣ӢҶĲ̩ɽ˭Ա߲һ䣺ǻ컯


088 Ҫ
컯ĸȻǻƷɻǰҶ뵽С˵еҲƹƷɻȻǵôֺͥǣһģ
޾һ£ʵϻƷɻɼˣǸͷηӣֻû뵽֮߬дڵʱص˵°ˡ
֮λ֮ףȻųƹ˼伪ףʵְλһְûʲô塣
Ʒɻһְ񣬱ƹ˾ҲƹƶԼֻתˡ
һֱ˾תϣ۲ųĻƷɻѰ˸һһеԴͷӶڳΪ񽫺Ⱥս
컯ǻƷɻǿһû뵽Ҳʧ٣ʬǧѶҲûде֮ȻûǴµ˼ŽĽȨȥ
ڼ仹ǣ˷罫쵽˶ɽ磬˾ˣ붫ɽ˾һ˫ͬһֹ꣬ҲżʣƷɻЩ飬ֻûȥκϵ˼
û뵽ҶĽȥƥ˹ȴҵ˻컯ʬҲλ۵֪ӵѶˣ
޾Ѱ˼ţϻ˼ȡһƬֱƬһӣںһȥƬ̾ͲӰ֣ӢһԿɽͨѶֶˣֻɺʹͳżûʲôǿ˵㡣
ҪǣƬĲϿɲҵ֣ӢΪͨѶֶλԼоġ绰ʲôͻ
һУ޾Ҷ˵ǼУǻ컯ϵı㲻ʲôϡĶǽʵǻ컯еķԴΪͨ
ߵҶŴ󴸣Դ󴸲ϡ棬ȴΪأѹ֮УǲúӦһ󣬻ʹá
֮⣬컯ǿһĪа൱׵ı
ҶֽŵһԣǱһʹͽ֪˶õı˰ء
ֻһ飬ʯȻֺ˼֣ɢĵϹⱦϣɢǵĺ⣬⽣ȻûȫʣȴҶܹоĵĿֲɱԼ
ý
չ˹ۣûɱı㲻һһȽǿĹ߰ˣ컯ĪаԷϹ˹Ҫ
Ҷûн飬ϾҲʲôʵĵص㣬ͬʱⱦûȥû׼ҪƼˣһҲûôˡ
ǻĶưһķʩչҲǲף
Ҷľû̫ȤˣԴнͲôоĶһķҲôԿ֮ûȥһգȻתͷһԻָ˵ɫ롣
Ŷ㻹ҵ˻컯ղҶĴͼƬпûйͷƬʱ˿ͨҶĽʱƵ˴޾λ«ɲſͷ룺Ҳкպıģ
һͷ޾ȻĥƢĺ«ҲŭǺħŮˣȴ˼ƥ˹һˣúʰһǸʲôħŮ
ϾڶĴЩȻ緲ôһ۵㣬ҲޱмĺøУҰ룬Ҳٻ˶ץ
ɽΪģЩƾԼѺõĸΪģгΪ붼Ըģ⼸ɽж֮һǱˡٵī룬Ҳ
ɽ˿鷳ĳְº󼴱ͷ벻Ը˵Ҳ˾òףɼеĵλˡ
һڣȴң«вŭǲܵģҶ͸ˣ
Ŷôģ޾Ҳû룬һ֮ھһ
ɱأ
˵֮Ҷܾ԰ôôŤ˼ŵҩ֮ƺָʱѾվҡҡλλֱӣɽͷɼͷ뻹ͦġ
ģͺǸŮһ
ޱǱˣԴҲϵ£Ҷһӣǳ͵ɢ˳͸оһůůסԼ壬Ȼ΢΢ƮһЩ
֮⣬컯ʬҲƮҶҿ˿ûʲô©תͷͷ룺ûֲʲôɣ
ҡҡͷȻҶתߺ󣬱ֱ۾ſҶķųϸҶĺ档
ͲʱôСˣҶַųһõϼõĻ⣬һ·ϴ󲽵ǰУֻ뿪⻷ޱȶӵĵط
ͷʱҲĿˣԼڿΣҲǼ۾˲֪ԼĵطԽԽԶǻõ۾ﾹȻỨ
ҶûлͷľȴУͷģҶҲµ붨ȻǳԾ˿ͷˣʱ鼤²Żӡ
Ѱ˼ҪҪοһһȴ洫һŭǰ߯˹
ĪɵͬǱĳ
ͷһתȴֿ˼ֻ֣һ㣬Ҷĵξǰ˲֪Զȵ»صǼ֮еʱ򣬰߯˹ǰһȻû£ǳĿ˷ʲô顣
һòȥϵĵȴ۵ĵʿֻ֣߯˹ļʸһһȻϻأ˵ƶ˲Ϊ˹αأ
߯˹ֻ۶¹ʸͣȥλʮֵһɱĲݵģ
Ҷð߯˹ôԸ񣬵ԼײʱҲһ׺ݣֻʱԼڰƥ˹ɽͣԾûʰʿȴܲ⡣
ֻϵʿâһһȻˣƶˣ
˵Żʱ־һ죬Ҷ۾һ̾ϵҪˣͬʱҲе棬ʲôķϾɽôãûķ깫ķҲû
ȴϵ뻳һ֮󣬾ȻͳڱֱĶ̹̹ԼĪС۳̣ǡһմϸͬʱ֮仹һĶӣһ˫ڹ
ȼ䣬ֻϵ˫һ֣Ϻһۡգ
Ȼ˦˦˦˦һ˦󽫰߯˹ղһ¹ʸɵһԣȻһأվϵ˫ڹ˦ֹ˵˾䣺ΪʲôҪң

ҶܾǰĻʵ̫ˡ߯˹ǵ͵İģɫĲ˳ɢϴһ°ɫʱΪĹϵ˫Ȳ濪ЩΪ˷㷢߯˹ȹӸ˺һӣһֱ޳ɢ΢⻪ĳȾ¶˿У˫߸ЬԵɣȱĺܽȴǸ͹Գȵߡ
ͷһؿģİ߯˹һĹӵĿ⿴ǰ桪һ׻㻪ĵۣͷϽۣȻҽǰںбб΢΢̧ǰ˦ϵ˫ڹġϵʿ
Ҳ֪Ϊ⸱ģϵʿ˫ڹɵ¹ʸûɢɢɢĲһȦĵϻʯ棬һ̵սеĹо
ҶıǣϵʿԶĵطվһ꣬ԼĪʮ꣬ĵһòݰ׽üĿͷҲһ٣ϴһƽĶ̴򣬴ʱվﲻͣĹƣϻ䣡
ȥʲôʲô
еĳʹҶĲòһһԼĴڣȻңңϵʩһڡ
ϵʿƺû뵽ȻһˣԿҶ֮Ҳһ㶣ϵ˫ڹҲ˦ˣ㶵Ŀ˿Ҷĺʩһ񣺡뾹Ȼͬˣ
ҶĺǺһЦ֪ô£Īʲô᣿
ܹеģȻô£ܵ͵ɣٴ򡪡ҶǸˣúˡ
˵ʲôǵĶȻҪǿﴳ
߯˹ûԼϵ¹Թ˵ʱ򻹰ͷ°͵һ¶棬Լ˵һ
ǵĶ
Ҷ˺һƵϵ֪γƺ
ϵЦЦ˫ڹһ壬һźԼţƶһηɢޣ֪γƺηɢޣûϲεҰף޸ƼߵģҶΪλƥ˹ؽϿһͬˣε˵ġ
ɽҶģҶĻе֣εʿĪʲôǺħŮˣ
ɽɣ룬Լȷû˵ɣҶҲδš
ЩŽССûҲ
˵˵ͷҲмʣ֪ҶΪεⷽؽ磿ĪҲεˣ
һ˵ʦŵļĴΣҲܵôԶĵطοҶŮ˵Ӧʶ͸ˣͥƥ˹񲻶Ը֪飬˵Լò͵ĶʿŮʶģ
Ȼ߯˹ûбţڰƥ˹ؽӵʵģȻǰƥ˹ɽϵϾƥ˹񲢷ǿܹðͷģЩǿ츳һЩܳɾλҲɴľΪѪͳ
ǰŮˣ⻪תȣȻΪڵİƥ˹ѪͳӵߣĴΣеġ
ȴΪһЩ飬òˣҶҲû˵Ͼйؼǣ㣬Ҳǿ˵ġ
ôûˣĿתҶʱڿһֱƮڿеͷ룬͵һ
ҶһֱˣͻȻһ䣬ȻԼ̾׹ʲôˡȻ֪ε֪һͷģѾѰȻܽˡ
οҲ㲻£׼ҪƼҡ붼Լѡˣ벻Ը⣬ҶҲ޷ǿ
˿Լҵ룬Ʋ˵ʲô֮ȴϵЦ˼Ȼ˻ǰ˵ضллҶǰѰ
һ˵쾭壬Ҷ￴ȴǲҪˣôĪͳ޵ˣ
˵ҲֱӹͰݣһ˫鶯˫ȴɢһ˿Ц⣬ҶһͷȥллҶǰ
ʱýˣҶĲע⵽˫ͫȻһһΪ죬Ҳû룬ֻüͷæлҿû˵Ҫޣ
ҶĵʵҲСˣڳΪ޵ҲûʲôǡġȻ˵ʵǲʮңһûĸгɵĻᱣģôƺһ㶼д
ʱֵƶԵȡҪһǿ᲻ɣ
ҶһʱŭһϲҪģ浱Ǹ۸ģȻ󲻹ܶһ˫͵һӣǰǲĿռһﳤ΢΢ңָˡ


089 ض
գգۣȻϸ˿Լǰһſļʮתŵɫϵһܸоĵų̺ǶôĿֲ
ҶĵľȻֶΣ
ϵʿȷЩֻͣһ۾Ϳ⼸潣ûʲôҶۣʲô׵ķɽ
ҶѡǸƢ
ǺЦЦǶһʱܿΪ⣬Լ˫ڹץץ󱳡һֱûİ߯˹һӣԸٿ
ţҵȷǸƢҶĵ˵ͷϿۣǶֲҪļһ
ѺγأϵʿҲȡЩˣ
Ҷĺһָ˾䣺֪Ǻ֮
ϵһ㶣۾ת˼תֱ˵˾䣺Ȼ֮ǿ֮ôͿΪ֮ˣϵʿӦȷ죬ôһ仰˵ͺȡⶫҲʲô˵顣
ȻԭѾȥôĶȻԵߵ֮˭õ˭ģϵʿȻûװ׵˵ⷬȴ͸¶ô˼
ƶû˵ɣ
ҶĵǲϣûȷǴ컯ʬƲƲ˭ԶϵҲһ۾Ϳ컯ݡ
ЩԼǰɾᵽ˻컯֣Ҳôжϳ˵ݡ
˼ڣȻҪͻ
Ҷһô˵ϵʿıһ䣬ղһƤЦӣʱҪĶࡣ
ԭɽ統ܹϼҴڳɵȻ٣һ֪󲿷ֶͥ񽫣ҲʲôҲ֪Ĳ񣬼ķʶ㣬һ¾еĹؼ
ԭˡ
뵽˴Ҳ֪ԼǿͷҪ£Ҫǰ֪ʲô·ļһսһпܶԭļˡ˭֪һﵽʲôͷҴҵ󣬵ʱҪԼˣ¼ҹ˵Ŀмܲס
ѽǺã
ùӲͣͷתͷ˿ǸˣһЦģ˵õǲˣҪȥұ޵ҾִĽ߾ͺܲ
ԣ۾һվƺڻԼӣǹƬ̺󣬻е㲻Ҷ롣
һ˵˵ͷҲУǶûôץɣ
Ҿˣ
Ҷ˵ݣ˸ţԭϵʿӦҸֲ֪֪ͷ룬ŰͰ͵ΪԼˣȴû뵽ҶĽȵˡ
˵һ껹ǲᣬһ䣺֪ԭǺˣ
ڳ֮һ⻰껹ǷŲͷ룬һҲҲͦͷ뾿˭С
컯
ҶҲ£ֱӾͱţһ֮Ȼɫһ࣬ҲʲôԵ֮ƨˡǱںߵҶҲɣҲþܹʲôʲô˭Ե
컯֮һ㶣ƺǲʶ˭Ƭ̺ͻȻһȻ⸱鷴Ҷһ㵣û뵽꾹Ȼ֪컯֣
Ϊվǰûע⵽˵ı飬Ҷȴһ֣׷һ䣺ޣʲô֣
ʱ˫Ѿ̣ҲͲôˣϵʿʲôҲ˼ֱ˵ϣҶѯʱûϣƺضͿԡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ漴ֿ˫ۣ˫ۡصĺܣ
ǽض˵ǺǺһɵЦźԴһ˿Ļشʹ˫۾ҲûоʲôͬǿıѰԶһЩһЩˣ
Ҷһ㶣׷һ䣺㲻
һ˵ֻ֮ҪԼɽԼϵ֮һرķ߷ôһ˫۾ˣ϶һЩصһûģǲͨˡ
˵Ǵĸɴֱ࣬ӻشˡ
Ҷе㾪ȣΪϵͽܵģȻʲ˵ʱ򲻴Ѱʦͽܣѱ˼Ը졣
ƳҶĵɻ󣬺ٺӦƶķˣչҲͽֻһζݣԾǱ𣡡
뵱
ҶֻöͷһƬƬĺߣϵʿ뷨һһͷ룬Ҳõͷ룬ѱ
ϵʿ̹Ȼҵһƶһ챦һﻻһ˭ҲǷ˭Եģϵȴǲܵģ
ⷬҲеҶȻͷе㲻𣬵˼˵Ҳû˾ûʲô飬һҾͰһΣ˭ҲǷ˭쾭
ϵʿô˵ҲƣվͲգҾͲҲһԸҵӵʦ
ģҲȷϵʿΪʦ뷨ֻʿգֻԸһö֮İҲˣȻϵʿգҲͲǿˡ
˿ǧʱԼȥѰԸΪͽĸǰ
ԭҪԵɾϾ֮ͨĴѰãһҲܹҵνĸǰ
ҪﶫҲǼ׵顪˿Ҳǧ࣬;ȥģΪһؽϾ˳йҶģȻ֪ǲǺΪתйϵȻԵɲôġ
ҳײҲܹһλˣǾ͸۰Ϊʦˡ
Ļɺҡ˵˲ͽȻô׾ͷڣʱҪԵɣһ֮ͻȻĿתҶϡ
ţ㿴
ҶıһԿ֣ϵ͵ĽĿתԼˣƺͻȻʣ֪ʦͽʲôûУ
ûУҶһͻȻͷʲôˡͻȻԼʵףżǰˣͬʱ˵ĿĲҸʦôϵһ𣬲ͿԽˣ
ٺòˣҹ۵ʵڣҲϣԼһѧȥģȻһЩʵȷףΪͽҲȥһ׮Ը
仰ͰҶĳ˽ȥ˵ҶĵԸҶĿЦãλϵԼʲôݣͬʱҲ֪Լͽͽɽˡ
ϵ˵ĵȷûʲ΢Ŀһ£ضǼѣǼΪټʣǱȺɿ϶ϸԼɵС
ˣҶҲһ뽫սУ̵һɽɹֻһ֡

ҶĳûбҪѽ鷳ɣ
˺ٺһЦѾ͵£ƶһѰɣպƶ˵ҶĿЦãղҪʱеᷳ˵˵ҲǸˣµʱİᡣȵ飬ϵȻе㲻ŵҲ֪ͼһͱǿ˺ܶࡣ
ϵģʵĺ«ɴ޾ǹĽ飬ܰһΣϵ԰ȥ«ָñ
⻰һ˵ҶĵǱһ£˰κһǰ
û˵ͷ漴ʶʲôϸ˿ҶģҲʶѣ
ǰڱɽͣҶĳȻʶã
Ŷ
⻰һǻԾˣƥȻƽʱݣҺͿʼŵۼȴߵĺܣȻᵽʦͣͷС
֮˵Ҳ˼֣ԭһˣ˵䣬ͼҶȡ˸ֵĶȻ۾ϰŪ˼£˵ǰһˣ
ԭҶ˵޾ʶȡ̽޾ȡϵҪȷһǹҶĻмҪ鷳һ¡ǡã컯ʬҲҪͻȥԭҪڻ͵ģ˸ʵѡˡ
ûϵ߲һᵽţ޾Ȼһϻ쵰ģͨѶݵȥ
ҶȻô£˵ȷʹ޾ʶȻ̽ժµݵϣ
մϣӦֻһͨѶͻȻһ춯صŭȻһվŵļ˶һ
ϻ쵰ߵĶ
ŭͷĿѣһ²ŻعʶԼ˵ľǴ޾ϣϺ«
ˣְѶŪˣ
һ仰֮ɫԵúΣٺٸЦ˼ŵѰ˼ԵĶЩˣ
쵰
æҵĽ̽ժ£Ȼ󻹵ҶϺ󻹲ºҵ죬û뵽ôԶĵطܺϹ˵ϻȻĿҶϵĶϼһĥģͦȤ
ҶĽ̽޾˵˼䣬ڻ컯ʬϴһ¡컯ʬɽȻ󽻻ۻƷɻ
ͨѶ֮󣬽µһ˵ϵʿһɫӲˣ
ҶЦЦǰҲҪȥģ㵱˸˳ˣ˳ȻǸƼҵģƷɻΪۣȻʵޣȨɲСڲôˣ̴档
ǲں飬СæһܰģҪΪͽܣ
ôõȻûдɣ
̸ѾȷǰϵʿҲԼˣ˵ȻҲ࣬Ҷ˵û֮󣬱㽫ضǰϵ˵Ϊ˵ҪһǧȻĿѰʦôȲÿˣֱӰݴΪʦͺã
ҶĸղȻûôּ֣һﳤľȴűԼ˼ˣʵҲһ֡Ҫǣƺƥ˹Ҳˣܹʶģ϶ʲôɣ
۾ת˼ȦֱӰҶǰǰΪͽ
Ҷ죬ȴˣȽͽ£Ŵ䣬ȴɽ˵
ɽ
ûϾɽиŸɶĳɽϣɽ㲩˭ҲþжɽҲܽЩɽֶ¡
ȴǾ棬ִҶģȻüͷƺʲôҶĵĿʹ˼ֹŹ֡
Ҷע⵽֮ʱֻûпֻһЩ飬Ҫ˽һ
ʲ֪һ֮ȴҶеɻӶˡ
˵֪Լ˭ûǰļ䣬һ۾վһƬѩ֮УȻһ˵ľضҲǸ˸ȡ֡
ͬʱԭҲǽضж


090 
ж
Ҷ´ǰֵ꣬ʱĻһﲻǰ¶ɣ
жӦǸëźӵ׳ŶԣǰȲ˵һͷڷǺܴģҲڵĶˣôĻֵͬ꣬λ׳Ŷԡ
ƫƫҶַͨͫһǾԼ͸¶һ޲ǿңΪ̫΢ˣҶĸղû̫๦ʱûпʱ˫ͫһ˫߲ͫת任΢΢йâͫ˿һ
߯˹ȻҲҶ˫۷ų߲⣬ʱҶȫʩչ⻪ҫ۽˲ֱӣȻ߲ʹâƯĺܣҲûпô¡ʱ˸һҶĵ˫ͫһģ
˸ǿڵһ˫ĿԼ͸ķͫ׵ҵ߲мƣĪһŷͨ
ҶĲϸһѾֶͨǸжһĴԼЦЦ˫ҲǷ֮ҲһĽͫ
ʱҶѾͫ˫ۻָԭòҲͫһͨȡõҪĽһ߲ʵƵ۾˭Ҳֻ۾װϹӡ
˵˻Ҷֺ˾䣺㲻ǵԼǰʲôҲǵԼģ
ض˵ͷȴû˵Ȼû߮ȴɽҶĿеһ˸þǿһ仯Ƶһ
СӲ˵ҲͲ׷ˣСԺ춼ߣᱻʳһ
ûҶĲ׼ͻɽһ㣬ȻԼ׼ͽˣôȻҪ̵Ҷڰƥ˹޷ȥֱӽͻȥĻѵ˽̵ĻҲ̫ˡ
һͽ̵Ҳ̽˵ҲӦԸΪͽҪԭ򡪡⣬Ҳֱӽǣ緢ԲãŻ
ڣҶȾͷǱһֻ밢߯˹ȫǲͬЩȫУҲ˵Щˣġ
ؽǺټģ߯˹Щƥ˹ӵеģһӵһЩĴڶӵ
ЩҲˡΪƥ˹ƬؽϣûԳΪĿܣǲ߱ǸѪͳ
֪һʱҶԥԼǸĿĻпܴôȴԼûҪģȫںæƥ˹Ҳȫûķֻ΢鷳ˡ
ЩƾַӶɵҲǰһӵô
ע⵽֮ҶѾһ²⣬ֻ²Ǻʵѯʻᣬû⣬̸졣
һ֮󣬾ߵԶҸȥˡҲ֪߯˹ԺԾĶԶԶġ
߯˹ЩҲȤվһһתߵŴϣȻ淢Ϊԣ׼˯ϢˣΪ˯Ҳûʲôϵ
һ̸ľֻʣҶĺض˺ôҲʦͽˡȻûʦ̫ı仯
ҲԼˣҶĵǲЩʲôףһ֮󣬾;ֱڣΪʲôҪУ
ΪҪǿ󣡡ضĻش𼸺ûκԥ̧ͷҶĶӣ˿û˱ܵ˼
ôΪʲôҪǿأ
ҶҲԼе̫ǸɶˣΪǿɺ֣ܶеҪǿˡڿһЩµʱ˵ʲôǿɣܾЩû塣
ˣʵⲢ֪ԷΪʲôҪǿֻǵҸ÷ĶԻ
ͱڣضڳƬ֮󣬾Ϳ˵ԼɣΪҪҵһˣұ
ŶҶĿ˵ıǼ㣬Ȼһᣬշ쾹ȻмɬһƬʧ䡪任֮Ҷ̾ΪֹҲҶ˾ΪʲôҪҸְʦˡŮģ
ţضƬ̣ûҲԼǰԼʦΪԼܵˣûıҪ
Ҷ룬Ŀǰ֪Ϣһ£ǸŮˡǾ˰ɣ
ض㶣漴˵ͷ֡Ҳģ
Ϊʲô֣
Ҷͦģֿɲʲôè˭õģͬʱضղ˵Ƿɲֵĵط뵽Ƭȥ
Ȼض͵˵ҵҵĵطǸĵط﷢Ǹ˵ּ⣬Ծ͸֡˵֣
ҶćˣƾηḻҲû뵽ôһϲһŮˣǸŮһֱȴѾ˸궼Ϊԭж֡꣬·˾
ܹ֪ʶڰ¶֮жģôʹŮǡ𵱳Ǽ飬Ҷһ¾ͲµŮˣ߶
ضգգۣƺе㾪ȣ㶵ĵ˵ͷһλ߶˵Ҳһλ߶ˣԼԭ֣߶ΪԼ֣
پֵϡﰡ
û˵ڣлôģҶĵͦΪ¶еϧģȻôˣôףʣһ㲻϶ô߼߶ﻹڹӲдš
˾Ȼһλ߶ǣһ𡭡һһ˵ݰһλŮݲ֮޴ʵе޷ܡ˵ģʮҲѾ˱ͷλ߶ᣬһ谭ˡ
ѹҪҸ˰ʦѧգΪӳഺҲ̤һ·׷ǸŮʸûС
̸Ƭ̵ĳƣԾнʱʱһǱҶĵĿⶢܣ˿ڣʦɡʲô
ʻȻΪ˻ԼΣȷǸе棬˫۵ĺҲزסģҶĻиоһʡ
ɰʵʢɽеʷҲãǿǿվס˸ˣ
ǵɽڶĵطһ滷ɽ棬ûЩֶΣؿɽܣ
Ҷ仰һ꣺λǰҪҪˣߵҲܹѰɣΪЩ֮ضΪأѰ˾֪طҲԽ룡
ضٺЦЦƺмֵ⣬۾תһȦЩʲô
ҶȴɽɣӻǲٵģΪʦҲֽб֮ˣ
ضûлɣȻҶᣬǱλŮҲһᣬ˭֪Ů˾˶ˣҶȻòŲ󣬵ʵ˭ãض²ԼʦҲãѾΪŶϵĸˡ
һ˵ҶΪʦҲΪȻʵǿᣬҲ֪ϵҲͣʵ˵㣬ҲǲеĹԼλʦһһ˧ò
Ϊʦ֮⣬㻹λʦ塭ΪʦмӣţСһˣ
Ҷ⻰һضӼԼжϣ㹻ôӣȴ֪ҶĵյȫΪ˷չɣͬʱҲмֻԵɺ档
µĽɽɵ˵£СͽҲԼе֪ԼţȻҶĵСӣ滹һʦֶʦֶһӱǿģҲ֪뵽ʲô
ƫƫʱҶһ䣺ĪΪԼǹ⻷˸үүΪʦӴԺһ·˳˳ˮǷƷвãΪʦһԽʦţ
֮ⷬﱾص㣬ǰһضɫһɣҶһֵĴȻȷĵ˾䣺ʦǹ⻷ʲô
ҶĺٺЦƵһ񺮺ŵĪҪװͿ浱Ϊʦİɣ
⻰һضҲزסŴ˿ڿԼʦ񿴵һȻͻȻ뵽ԼʦŽɽɣȻȷ˾䣺ʦɵ֡
ǾΪʦġ
ض죬ȻͻȻ˾䣺ʦ㡭
Ҷĵǲ⣺ΪʦҲǵģڵ˺þãŴȫɽ統УȻѾԿ϶ǰλǸС磬һʲô˵ģ΢͸¶ЩҲ㹻
ضȴŵĸΪԼȻԵطͬԵ˶еȣͬʱҲΪԼȻ֪ԭҲ¶𾪡
ʦҲɣ
㲻ʲôɣ֪ɣ
˵ͷ
žǸ˼޵һ̶ˣлɽ硣
ô趨ô
С˵˵꣬Ҷֱһ֣͵ô¾ͺˣʵ˭Ҳ֪Ⱥĸĳɵʱдģ
һΪʵ࡯е𾪣껺˰ŻָƽĽʵҶľ׷
ʵԭǸձҵĴѧΪ鷢ò׵õ֪ͨиԹˣȥ˾û뵽ϰ൱ͳ⡭
ʲô⣿
źһͻȻתˡ

䲢ôԼҲһ£͵ȻһԺ֪˶ãȵۺһƬѩվţʱƬûУ߶ֱӾͱˣʱ߶ʱѾԺˣһ䣺ǲǵ㸴
Ҷ֪˵Ĵˣʱʲôӣ
룺ӦϷ籭Ҫ֮ǰ
ŶҶû˵ʲôǸʱӦڳɾأ֪ôɽ˵ģҲûҪȥЩںЩ飬Щõġ۾ô£
ضҡҡͷ˫۾ˣ塭߶˵ҵƺһһʼʱΪ񸴻ԲŸϹȥ鿴û뵽ȴҡֻԼҲо
Ǽ˿˵ˣضʲôûԼ˵ҶˡϾУҶ˲֪ãһǺͬһطֳʦĿǰ׵ˡ
ҶĻе˸²⣬Ҳܿ϶ҲҪԺദ͹۲ܹ֪ԼжǶǴ
Ŀǰ
ȸְɣûҲʣ
ضٺЦЦʵ͸Լȡˣʦ㿴۾ؾ̫ϧǲ
ҶĲԣ˵ļȻųһĪĻɽɵĵӣΪʦ£עİ
ôһ仰ϿظԼ֣Ȼֵɣ飬ȵðЩ´ˣ
ûü˵ִ̽죬Ҷİⶫһͳ󣬿ضĶԼ̽ҶıɽƷ
һȻղżʱеơʱҶĽͺйؼ漴úǹ죬еҶĸղǾ仰ʲô˼ˡ


091 
׻˵һ˲һš
رԼĪĳôһ˫۾⸱ƤҲȷ˧ôɽկһλţҲûʲô˵ġ
οΪԽߵҪ˵ͷһ㲻ԼǣҲܣϾԽô鶼ˣ˭ῪʼԼԽ֮һ·˳˳۷塣
ʼԼԺ·ǷôˣҪԭԼոհݵλʦ
ԭڱѩֿһףӵһ˫ŮΪԼǵֻȻħ뽣硣ȻһʼʱҲΪԼϷԺˣȻĳϷרŸҸNPCˡ
ȵѹ֮߶һЩΪԼ˰¶磬ȴûãԼһĵʿ׵ˣе㲻Լ
ӵʿвûе֪̫ϢֻǺܹģңԶĶźһˣͬʱҲЩΪɷ湦ʱؾͿʼԼǲĸλţƴҲ˵ǸϷΪ統С
תǧת˼ԼԺӦߵ·ĿǰŽĻҸʦѧգλʵģϵȻͽΡ
⵽˴֮󡪡ָ˽ͱ߶Ĺ԰˳ΪǲһֱģѾȷıʾ˶߶ĺøУҪһֱػ
ϧǣ߶һ仰׹Ԩʲôңң˺ǲһģ
ʱеĹؼһֱ⵱аϵһ֮󣬲ŵ֪еĹؼľ޴ǲԽǵ߶ڹӲôãΪ¶ΨһҴߣҪƾһ֮ػĹ԰ʱпսȥ
һ̤˱ǿĵ·һֱҶ֮ɽţѵɽ磿
뷨ڿҶȡǸ֮̽ˣһʼ쵽ͽ۲ϳĳʶر˲ֻԼһֵ֪ԭܵϵġ
˵Խ߶Щ˵ʵϺͷʿûʲôЩʿΪЩʿƾʵɽ磬Ҳǳɫ˲ţԽߡʲôûС
ôһĻصǱȽˣ⸱ʺǲףҶ֮̾ͱв׼ߺúý̵ȻɲɽǲԼʶеɽɣԼôҲǰһΪʦͦġ
϶̸һҹҶĽĽصŪ˸ʱҲѾͣʿڵķƺڿҪҪֱȥ
ڴʱͨѶٴҶǹĿУЦŽͨѶϣȻһͨ˴޾
ëûУ
ëָȻˣҶĿתͷԼεЦͨѶ̫Ȼˡ
ڣ
ã̰ѻ컯ʬɽɣֳɵ׳ðײã
ȻԭôģҶû뵽޾ôôżôĪǳʲô飿
޾Ҳʹ죬ֱӾͽ˵ˡ
ԭ޾ǴѶһ͹ȥ̾ûƷɻΪʧ̬ΪѾٲܼĶӣȻҵʬȻѾȥܱȺϢĺá
ԻƷɻ򵥵ʰһ£õķֱ˻Ѷһȥ̾ͻᵽԷϣٶȼ죬Ҳر죬ɽҲ˶еġΪ۵ĻƷɻҲûж٣ֻǽŻᶯá
ε֪ѶϢڼ֮¶˴Ȼ򵥵ĴЩѶϢ޾֮Ӷɫţֱӳˡ
޾ʱǽӵ˻ƷɻĴѶϵҶģ˳·컯ʬ֮⣬ǼҶԼžǣ
ŶЩûƼң
޾һֻҪʬɣЩлûжûʲô壡һ仰˵ĹˣҪǻƷɻںЩٿԼһֻۣǸʬ
ͷ롭ҶŻԼ˼ɣ
ͨޣǲһӵĪδܵġ컯䲻֪ãͿԻˣ
ޣҲһֱ컯һӦòصƼҵġֻϻ컯Ϊɲǳ˻ƼҼ
ҶתͷſϢ룬˵ͷʾˡģȥҲ߲ãǵһ
Щˣ˰
޾һжͨԹԵæԼȥˡƷɻҪһʱܵҲ̾Ͱѻ컯ʬʱǸøͺãܶ顣
Ҷֽ̽һգȻһȭҪڣǵѾǰٺһЦϵѾˣϺ«ϲץ׳ˣ¾ͽҺˣ
һУ컯ʬôƾƮȻƮǰϵʿһ䣬ǱôӶȻüֱӽ컯ʬ˽ȥҶľ;ǰһǰĻл컯ʬҲԭǰСƸղŵۻһ
Ǭķ淽㣡
ʿһ㶼мֶװһ޵ĸΪ㹻󣬶ᶮǬֻⷨҪʹˮ磬Ҳһġһʿϰʹñ֮Ю
Ҷ߸̾ԼǲҲӦѧһѧе飬ͷ붸Ȼ۾۾˿֨ķһͺ
ҶڵԼˣ߹ȥµһ˵Ȼ˾䣺Ҫһͬȥ
ʱѾָƽſֲĿ䣬ҡҡԼ˶ͷ­
ҲԼŻȥҲû壬Ͼ컯ѾˣԼػʬôҲǶԵԼλǰˣûбҪͰ͵ĸϵƼңϸȥƼҵ˵Ҳаġ
˼ȥþҲһԵ֣ſȥһ֮ԹԵϢˡ
ҶͷȻ뾹ȻڵԼεջ֣Ȼˣԣһ˵ɣ
룬˵ͷֱۣҶͷȴû۾ˡ
仰Ĺ򣬱㽫齻ϣȵҶĻعͷʱѾûӰӡ
ʦ˵ͱһת۾ûӰӣظղžͿһ⻪Ͳ˵ӰɵֶοҪԼĻҪţϵҪ˦ԼԼû׷Ļɡ
ôϵƷǲģ鵹ҲƴǶܡ
ҶתͷزͶ˾䣺ʦԺҲ𣿡
֪ǼݹȥķҶĵǲö룬ֱӾ͵Ȼֻ֮ҪڼϰŹܹѧģ
Уһ˷ܣǰ˸ȻƣӦú˧ɣ
Ҷһӣ˭ǲŽˣ滬Ļǿ֣ʦֵһ
εץץͷвĻӦʲôģҶĵˣΪʦԻɣ
Ǵ˷ΪѰǳɳһѣȴһ㶼ûнչҲҶеͷۡ
ûгİ߯˹ԭûв廰붫ɽ̣ҲǶõģֻڰˡʲŵһԻһȻǺ˽νɴʲôǰʦĴ˼˽ġ
ֿ˿Ǹֱ꣬࣬תͷҶĵϴŵ̫΢ˣܹǿ𣿡
Ȼ֪ʿͨɵģǰ߯˹Ƕ鲻ôţһֱΪЩʿӵһЩر츳ŻΪǿߵģ˵˾ΪǿҲǺǰƥ˹һġ
ҶЦЦҵҪˣ
⻰û˵ѣҶĵһ۾ͱ˴˸ڴ˺üֽܶòŻָ
ȻйһǿȣҶĵǿ˲֪١ʱҶĶڹҲ޷֤ܹĹֻƾءǰ˵ļɲࡣ
ⷬ߯˹ȴζ޷ţֻҶں˵ƲƲ춪һ䣺Ļǲܻŵģ
ϾڵҶʵ̫ǿˣ߯˹ͲҶľǿʲô̶ȣΨһȷǣҶҪǿģûжٷء
תŸ߰Ĳӻص˸ղϢĵطȻһϧĿűԼ˺õȹ·Ǻϲģȴ˺һߣ˸߲泤ȹȻԷ첹ܹ覴á
Ҷļ⸱ЦǸŮˣȻкһÿϧˣ·һкܶ࣬ʵڲҸ㼸ͼðƥ˹ɽϵĲ÷
߯˹תͷ˿Ҷģû˵ġšһǻӦˡ
ҶҲûм̸һתͷͼյĵһĿԼ
ô
Ůǵʦ
Ҳֲػô룬Ҷ밢߯˹Ǽ̸Ȼƽȴʾ˵ϸղۼŮԴǸʲô̬ȣҶһһһء
ǣ
ءŶһȴ׷һڲǣڲǣԺǡ
Ҷһɣʲôôô
رҶһǳ⣬ԼʦȻҲԵ򣬵չ鲻ֵֿѣʦʦվʦ¹ĵͷϴˣ
ˣҲ㲻ʲô£ҶļҲǴﵽԼĿģǵԼ˵Ц֣ԼʦԼ͵һʵϾǸʱЩˣ΢ôô򣬱ԼΪʦš
͵Ҷģʦȷһɵ飺ʦɶЩѧ
ҶĺٺһЦһĪӿ˿أɽɵľѧǲٵģԺѧһȴҪԼֺ;жôŬˣ
һ˷ܣҶֵվģ˲ǻģԻѧòĪΪ׷øǿʽ䱾ʣ
˵ͷһƶǶҲ֪Ǿܷڻͨδ֪֮
˵˼֮ʣʦҪʲô
һ
Ҷ
һرɳӡҶ˵ֽƥ˹Ĺ֮ʥµ˵һ飬ʲôƵء
ƽʥ£գգ۾ҶĵͷȲ˾䣺ܸܲһװ
㣿Ҷ룬ͻȻҲǲУʥսȱˣҲҪӶʥսҲ
һ뵽Լӿ϶Լѧϰ򣬵ʱǻһʹĻƽʥʿˣ
ӦûȤɣ
ҶĺܰԵľʹؾˣĻƽʥ¾ͽˣΪʦᴫӦ
һˬôϲʥµͣ®ɽԣ
ǽʮƣ



092 ҵ
һҹܿ͹ȥˣɵϳ߳ĵü˶Ծһ۾ϷѤõĹâһƹȥڷ⡣
˵ģħŮѡϼҵˮƽǲģľɫ治ף
߯˹û˵ӱͿԵ֪ҲͬҶĵĻվ̸˵صʱ̧̤ԼĳܣȻתͷҶ˵һ䣺ǻǼѰǳɳɣͽܺͷֵĹӦô죿
ʵҲǻɵģôԲʺϷУҶĺٺһЦͰ߯˹ǳҲ㹻㳵ϢͺˣͽȻţ
ȴϰ߯˹һӶӻ΢΢һ£УôͷªĹҵĳݣ
߯˹Ů񣬶һǰƥ˹ŮϲɾԼƫƫµҲʻ㲻մߡ
ľͲ˵ˣɹĥ˲֪꣬ɾҲɾ۵붼ԼѪĻ
˵ʵò磬ֻ˵㣬ԵеήҲ
ҶĿ˿룬ɵʹԴſԣڰ߯˹ĻûκεĲͷ˲֪ٵϼһѾ費ĵزˣ°߯˹˵һЩҲ˶ա˰߯˹
ҶҲþ㰢߯˹ĿԸϳҲˣϾҲģȻޣȻҲɫ
£Ҷֻñ𽣹⣬˫˫⵱УȻֱȷա
߯˹Ҳһͷ¹ȥֻһգ۵Ĺϳڵİһʯʹ˵Ŀʧˡ
˵ٶȶǼ죬ֻһĹת˺ôһȦΪҪȥ̽ѰһҲ⺣ϵôá
һȥ˲֪˶ٺûҵνǳɳһƵͬʱҲеûǰ
ͷ£߯˹վ¶Ƚɢȥİɫɳ̲ϣͷҶ˵һ䣺ͲҪϢ˰ɣҰɣҹ˵Ҳ޷ʲôӰ죡
ʱѾ֪Ҷһ˫ص˫ͫкܶĵطӾ۲۲䱾ʣԼһ·Ҷ뿴ľȵȡ
Ҷ˵©ʱΪλŮֻᷢ쭣ȡԼһȺ֮ŭȴķŮ˾ȻûʲôӦѰ˼һûнʱҶĵˡ
㲻𣿡
漴Ҷһ´̬߯˹ֱͦ壬ǰһԻǰͦͦͷ˵㲻Ϳô
һ仰˵ҶеΣҰ߯˹һοôҸʹ򲻹㡭
⵹ʵ㰢߯˹ҪҶˣҲֻ֮ܲȣ߯˹ΪıɱȺ֮ŭҶĵﶼȱͨĹ߲ȻûҶĶ֣ǴŵҲܹҶǼγּƳ˿
Ľ۾ǡһԼҶĵĶ֣ððȻ֣˽ǿŭп޷صĽ֮⣬Ͳκε塣
ԣ粻֣
ô˵ĺҳ˳ǿĶˣҶתͷأԼյͽܣһͽԼߴȥˡ
һͷͿرĿϥһʲôҲûʲôҲûģȻ˫ֻһԲо֮˰ڳ˸ļơֻģ˭ΪһԵҶȴһߡ
װˣҸʲôû㣡
ֻûͣҶĵͻȻ𣬼ȻЪˣô˻Ȱؽڹ˽Ϻá
˵ʣҶĸͲҪӻڹҶ߹ȥָͳһڣ̸оؾ֮ͺڹ൱ͷ֮һ㡣
ʣһʮޣ
ػԪΪɽ֮ٶȽ죬һ˳ĻҪ˶ؾܹЩżֱɾ磬пһɡ
ҲҶĽڹķڸֵ֮ģ˾ͣȴǹ̶˵ľкܴչռ䣬ʹػ޵Ǳھ
ҪǣҶڽ̵йͬʱһЩҲӦȻûбͬҲһЩҲζڹг֮ЩҲƿأĻ䱬ʵͬΪ֮˸ǿһЩҲˡ
ĽʰԽʣʦܻĸԵ
ʱĻԵɽ˭ҲȲλˣҲҶΪλôĶ뽫Ϊӵһԭ򡪡ڵǶЩүүΪһģļһͻʧȥˣģ帽̽͹⻷⣬Ϊĵʵ̫ˡ
ȵԼ״̬֮ҶľֲٰæʱѾȷСֻڸղһ˲ͽȫķɣһ˳ԼĵһȻƾѸٵĽ׳࣬ʱ˭ҲƲǸոտʼĳ
£ҶҲûбҪٳְæˣֻҪʵĽ̵ͺãࡣ
ʵ죬ǲ֪ˣ
ҪԣɽеңǿҲҪʦֶ֣ңǱ̬ԼԽκѧᡪҪͿλѧǲѧˣҶǰʩչ˻챦ҪҪһûܵͨͨѧȥֻЩΪԭʩչˡ
ػΣͲˡӣҲòȥ
ţȫķ֮Ҷ»ص˸ղŵĵطȻһȡһӱɵΣɳ̲һڣŰ߯˹һƣ룡
߯˹û뵽ҶЩϡŹֵһ㵺ҲֱӾϣ˳һ
ʱҶȡһΣȻмһСӣȡһЩϹǽȥԼԽŵĺ档
ղʲô
һ󣬰߯˹ջûסеĺѯղȻô£ĸоһءؿʼ֮ϵҲ˲öΪеİƥ˹ҪԶܡ
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Ҷ˳ִӽָȡƿơϧʲôߵĶǳﶼ򵽵ͨɺ죬Ȼñѩ΢һȡרźȺƵĸ߽űֱ߯˹ԼԼһ
ƷһڣҺ֮ҶĶԼľϸ̶ȸе⣬ȴǣѾԼǰ԰һ֣Ҳˣ
߯˹ҶʲôֻǶžƱ㶣ŵľ¾Ʊڽߵ¹ɢʵĹΣеҺҹиһС
Ʒһڣ߯˹üͷơ
˻պϺȰɡƥ˹ɽϵľҶҲȹȷǺþƣѹְƥ˹ɽϻһλרԾΪλľƵյȷ
ԼƿͲֲܻ࣬ذƥ˹ɽȥȡԾȶԸԸˡ
ڰ߯˹ҲǺܽ㣬ֺ˼ںź淢Ůǲô׼ģҶıҲûע⵽ֱ˺һȴҲûԱߴתͷƳһۡ
˵ʵⰢ߯˹ȷÿ
İ߯˹ɢŵĹâƺϵңӦһ㣬ȻĹâۣκ˶᲻ĽĿͣڰ߯˹ϡ
ҶȻûôаͺͺǸԸԵ
ֻûϵſһ߯˹ÿô
ţգգۣȷԼǻ֮ҶĵǸɴĳˣҲʵϵҲΪ֮ʧɫ
߯˹΢΢һ㣬¶һЦݣΪĿôֿĳأ
˴Ӽ濪ʼͲϣҶĶ԰߯˹Ҳ㲻ʲôɫǸȷܳ
ҶҲ뵽һ㣬¶һεЦݣȻһЩᣬǲԵʵģ
𣿡߯˹ʼնûнĿת˫һֱңԶĺ棬ʲôƵأôԸһս𣿡
ţսףҶĵ֪Ů˶׵ϲһЩ˵ģǺܿ˻ش𣺡뵽ʵĻǲĵģ
ȥûʲôʵŮʽףҼУҲϰ߯˹ָ߰ʥʡ
ԣ⻰Ҳһ˵ˣһʱǶֲ˵ģ
߯˹ƺҲҶĻеķܣЦ΢˷֣û˵ʲôǽĿһתԶĺϡ
ҶҲ˳Ŀ˹ȥؾȻ֪ʲôʱ˹Ȼߣûˮ֮󣬽źˮӡ
ţҶĳʱû£ԼҪϴϴҲ飬ȴãʵԼģֻԼԲذæ
ʱţϵһıϴ¶һĴƬ¹»ɢ⻪
ⱾòһָԭǸήҲģһ¾ʧ۾ûлָԴϵĽǻǶһ֧ȴƽ˼ɱ֮۾ǵ˰̣η
ͷվںеԳ䱾òǷɱǰ߯˹Ҳǰһûģˡ
ͬʱҲע⵽˰߯˹Ŀ⣬½ԴĸߣȻеǾǿںˮһڹչʾԼڲͬһ
־ҶͻȻЦĳ嶯뵹һСƢ߯˹һ֮̾һسӣ⸱ֱͺʱ߯˹̬һģһ
޵Ůһ㣬Ǹ߰ޱȵӣʱһ֣ˬֻǲֱйƣɰͷߡ
ޣǽɣ
ͥսЩΪս˻컯ٵīΪ߯˹ҲΣݵӵǻмģ
ֻģʵ̫Щһʱûнϵһȥʱԭò
ţͷ룡
ǲǿˣﻰ⣬Ȼǿͷ룬ҪΪԼ
Ҷһ֮ûʲô֣Ů˱ϲƯĶҲ֣Ҷ͵Ҿʺͷϻ
ϻ߯˹ջԼĿһ⣺Ϊʲô
ҶʼûнͣοҲûͣѾصɳ̲ӵط˷ۣ߶һ䣺ʦҪɽկҵеװδе̫ˣ
ͽ˵̵̵ɽɵɫһҪȴֵϲ֪մʲôҹоȻɢǰĹâ
ǳɳ


093 
ҶɽʱǼǳɳɳͨɳûʲôΨһر֮ǻɢǹ΢â
ٵĻôһѻᱻע⵽ץһǳɳϣôǺѺӵġ
صĽϿ϶մ˲٣ԲŽҶĿתͷͬİ߯˹һۣȻವĴ
˶ûȥأߵˮߣͷźʱʱֵϸɳʱҶĲŷ֣ⲻͣ˳ˢɳȻǳɳֻΪͨɳڸסˣһֱûע⵽
ǰ˼һֱߵˮûСȵĵطץһɳӺҶķһɳеǳɳȸղﻹҪ࣬һЩһץȴ붼ǳɳˡ
ǳɳں棬ѹϷôãʼûҵ
عͷ߯˹վںңңҶģûˮҶÿһץһѷŵǹɳӣŮҲڳһ¶һЦݡ
ҵǳɳζǿ뿪ˣΨһϣľǳɳܹ⡣
ĿǰӦÿǵҪˣ
ʱҶһˮץɳӣһ˫ͫ۲һƬȵķ֣ΧˮµɳӣԼѰҵǳɳ֮Ӵеࡣ
վںˮ֮УҶ´£ͬʱͫԼԶ˳ȥ뺣һ׾֮ˮȻɳӣȴһǳɳҲûˡ
ͬʱԼƬΧһ׾֮䣬еɳӶԼҪҵǳɳͲҪȥϸɸѡ
ѵνǳ
ʵҶĸղžֲ²⣬ȴԼô򵥣תͷ̲ȥƣһǳԾ
һֱӵƬɳ̲ϵϸɳȻҲǳɳֻ̺ǳ֮ˮµЩԣһֱûз֡
ôãû뵽ǰ
εƲƲ죬ҶĻּñɪ֮װ˺öǳɳһƬˮǳɳൽ˿ֲʹҶĴװ˺ö൫֮ǳɳĴԭڵĵط
űĺˮصߣҶĳ尢߯˹˵ͷӦ㹻ˣװ˿Խƥ˹ɽ̳ɳ̲ǳɳ
ʵ˵еˣƥ˹ɽִָ󣬾һƬΧȫǳɳװߣҲ޷ɽ̳ɳ̲
Ҳȷװ࣬ʥºͰ߯˹ǼĲˣḻֱܶ࣬Ӵɽ
߯˹ЦЦû˵ԱȴһܺǳĴдԣҪƥ˹ɽ̳ɳ̲ôֻǲģҪȥҸǳɳ
ҶƤһȻʲôʱһһתͿһ׳ӣȻô̤ںϿͰ߯˹ϵꪺͷϴŵڰͷֱӾ͸ݣɢƼػһĤݵĳ嶯
뵹Ǳֵĺܹ֨ıʾԼĲˬͬʱβһемܲסظ˦Լ󡪡Ȼ츳ڣ죬л̺վŸոտʼ̤ϱǿĵ·Ŀǰûֱ沨ܹ֧һѾǺܲıˡ
ڿԿΧˣŮȻվԭûжȴһ°׹⻪ԹȻûҲû¶ɱʲôģֽ䱸֮лһͿ֪
ԼǸʦԵõɵĶ࣬ǳȻվ΢΢Ȱ߯˹վĿǰ벽ңȻǵĿվںϵĺʣһھǣϺð
ַǳ絭ػԼʦһǲǣԷûֱͺھ˭˭˭˭кһںһλɽĺʴ˵
ıûʲô仯Ҷ϶ͣ˼ۡƲʻҶֻǱȰ߯˹ֻǶǰС벽ɾС벽ͼԼɢǿƸȥ˴룬ѹȵ߯˹ϵļԺԲƵġȫɢƣȫλŮֱӱΪԼ
ǰЩ飬Ȼȫĵ׶ٻи׵ģʱѾȷԼǸûõĶӿ϶޷óѣֻû뵽ԼǶӵмСȻɰæ
ΨһǣҲûܹɹԼΪʣһƬؽһжᱻ֪ϴٺϼ鲼ĶĿһܿͽӵϢȷԼҪǲ֣ͻǰˡ
ֻǡ
ˣԤϵҪǿҶĵʵȷϣԭûô˷ģҪԭǶǿ߾˭ŶиףôҲµļˣȴû˵Ҷĵš
ԣҶںһС䣬˾һ½ðͷмʵҲޡ
û뵽ûļһȴֱܹԼɴݣҽǸǲöԸҲ׵ĸɵ
˵ĵҲԼʵʱ򣬻վǰ׼ԼʵԼˡ
˹Ů޸ҶĵȻ֪ǰһУһΪԼŮ˳ͷûʲô
ҶվŶ憪˵ûĲͻȻһֻѵĸоתͷһϼһһֱôµô
ûĴҲûΪôľ£һ޷ӹĶ䣬ɴһء
⻰һ߯˹һ㵣ȻûסЦ⣬ǲͣϹ¶һǲõЦݡ
Ĳȴһ˪Ҷĵʱ޲һӽСӴ̸ԴȻںϱɹϼʮϰꡪЩʿҲǿɹϰҲû
ʵҶĻôҲǿƣʲȻѾĿŵվˣȻ޿֣ҶԵŮ־ڱصá£ôŮδ򶼲к³Ҳ˵֮ûлأĻҲûҪλʴ˺ú˵ˣ˫Ѿȷˣǵɡ
˫ֶһֻͻȻԼϵꪣҶĽµĺˮͻȻһס˫ȣȻмˮһ˸˳ì˷Ҷġ
⹥ĺףٶȼ죬Ǵ˷ûжܵĿܣҪôӲһУҪôһιȫʬûбĿܡ
ҶĵķӦν죬ڲµĺˮͬʱڵһʱӦԡ
õϼ˲䱬ںˮìҶĵͬʱõϼȻǳϼһľҶϲסķڣɢĿֲһ˲ͽΧĺˮһɶ
ҶһԾܹ˽ںĵڶһйȻýӣҶȻûˣ׳Ҳĳì˸ǧٿףһ׶װҶĴϣԵмǱ
һԾصɳ̲ϣҶĿһѾ⣬һֻŻдһֵԼϵĳε̾һһֻˣ
ͷһξԼ·ǿŪһӷͬʱҲܱ֤Լ˲ɱʱΪԼ·ˡ
һ˺ǿϵĳҶĳ˳ֶһԣֻһ㡪ſȣղų°ڰ䣩ҲҶһ˳˺¶ǲ㾫׳ȴȳƵ
ͣƺôʺң
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ͬһʱ䣬һȴſֲȭͷ˲ǰֱȡʵŶһ£һȭܽλʴʲôһ
һȭҶûʹʲôǵɽ꯱ʱӶһȭá
ûʲô仯Ҳûʲô쾢Ȼȫٶһȭȥ
һȭҶ㶼ֻƾһǿӲӣǿǿһȭ
λҶʹԵȴպյĺʣյĽȻҲǲͬҶһȭٶѾףʻܹ㿪ɼʵ֮ǿˡ
ңܹ㿪ܹȷӦԣһתΧĺˮõӦһ۳ˮҶĵͬʱꪱҲһת˷ҶĵС
һҶĵɫ̾һ̣һ䣺ȻԼ󱳵ˮǳɴȥöһ̣ΪʲôҪ֪еģм䳤дҶĵСͬʱԵĶǡһһ£ҲᣬǸǴˡ
һƬˮҶתǺͲһɢɫ⻪ǺӣתʱֱӽһƬˮҲקǺӵУҲ޷ҶĹв
ʿԼжҶĽҲе㶪ˡúʣȻûʲôļһﶼ򲻹Ժ󴫳ȥǱЦ
һŭϾִ˼֣ңңһָҲʲôĶȻʹϱһǿֱҶġ
һ¼ûиҶʲôӦʱ䣬Ӳ̧ꪵǹǰһ붼ûٶȱȵ꯹һȭҪϼ֡
˵˴ʱҶĲԵ˺ʵʵղεĹҶһͫ׶һ˫ǰһģ˫۵һƬžоȻȻһޱȵ𣬽һԹۿŵҲһ㵡
Ҷһ˪ǰвͬʹýʮƵʱ򣬾ΣϺƴһ㣬һĳžͷ˳ȥ
һȴֻ𣬲˫ƼҲƽƽ棬κ״һͲˣֻҶ˫ǰһģ벨ʩųײһһſµľ켸ʧȥָоͺһڵԱըһ
űɢƬˮƵһԣˮµɳҲɿµľѹȳһӡ
Ȼ˰ӣɼ˫һоʹ˶پɢȥʱ򣬺ûлָƽһӿƱһвٱƷɵ˿еĺˮ籩ٵľӱЩ
һŰǰҶһĬղһûаأĳ˵ģû뵽ǱҶƾһ˫ƾ͸
һλͥ񽫣ǸһҲһǿޱȵôҲ򲻻ϰⲫİƥ˹ڶҲ˸еͷۡ
ôӡϲҲʶԼҪɵҶĲô׵飬ĿôҲûȥץ߯˹ˡô߯˹Ҳǰƥ˹
Ҳ˵ʲƵķ֣Ȼ޷ԼеĿģ


094 Լˣ
޷ɱҶģǲ֮ҶĵʵȲԼҪƴԼҲܹȫˡ
£ץ߯˹غ׸һɵ顪ʲҲӸλ꣬жڰƥ˹ɽҲǳ͵ģֻôƬ̵Ĺ⾰Ѿڵ
ɶѵһλᣬȻƻˣ
޺޵ĿҶģǳɴתķȥȻÿһӶˮûȥЩʮ֮Ѿʧ˺ƽϡ
ˣ
ҶҲе㾪ȣû뵽龹Ȼôɴ䣬һûϣ̾ߣһҲȥ׷飬ʵЩԾ
Ѿƽĺ棬ҶתͷԶİ߯˹λŮҲһȣû뵽һɫΪִŵĺʣôô׾ͷˣ
߯˹ȻΪԼôΨһĽ;ҶĵʵǿҲɵĵز̽˼֮ͲԸӲӲģԱȥ
еԽܣվﲻɵֶ˼ҶģʵԽһеˣԺͺǿϵһ
ҶĴʱֻһӣŻģʵ㲻Ϻÿƥ˹ɽЩر𷢴ǣҶС廹治ڰ߯˹ֿ˼еŮȷԵе
ˮ̤˼һƬˮҶĻصɳ̲ϣ˿ڴںԼڷ˾룬Ű߯˹˵˾䣺վǰȫĵط˭Ǻʻ᲻ʹʲôУȻѾҵǳɳôͲҪٵˣֱ߰ɣ
߯˹Ҳõȷûзԣת˳ܣҶĵ˵ͷȳ
ҶһԼͣص˵һҲ߰ɣ㱬𽣹⽫һһ޹ڵУڰ߯˹
ȴãԼȥʱ򣬺¾۹ⶢţкʲҲͬһЩ¡
߯˹ֱӾߣź̾˿ȥǸĶӣùܡοԼмĺܣ񰢶߯˹뿪ٺǶҲ˻ˣȥˡ
ͬȻҲĸײԤϵ߯˹ȥúǿϧҲû̫ĵ뿪ٺȥλŮ鷳ϾʵǿƬԼӵݺһЩйԼµıһЩеĲ͵Ϯ
Ҫ뿪ЩƾԼʵӲӲȥ԰߯˹ʮҲңο߯˹߻һ׶΢еɵˣ
ɶĶˣ
ϸ룬ԼϣŮģȴǸ˸ƻˣҪҶĲ谭μƻ谭ĳˡ
ߣòҪںϿ㣡
棬¶纣һԴͬŽԶȥ⻪ߺ޵һȥˡ
վƽϢԴѰ˼βܸǸһһɫƣ
ЩҶǲ֪ģͰ߯˹ֱʹֶΣüٶƥ˹ɽķȥֻ˺̵ܶʱͻص˰ƥ˹ɽڵĵط
طͲҪĲܳˣ˲ɵͬʱЩٶȣ߯˹վڳϣתͷԵҶģȥ¯ǻذƥ˹ɽȻշ˹˹Լǵطۻ֮ģվϰ˴¯֣ҪĹϰߣûҪá
Ҷĵûж࿼ǣֱӾ͵ֱӻذƥ˹ɽͺã
ôѡҲûеͰ߯˹뿪ҲаµĹ⾰ʱѾ㹻շ˹˹һЩˣ͵밢߯˹ǳɳûܽĹ
ۻ֮Ҳûпܻصƥ˹ɽϵȴ˵ĹϢƥ˹񴫲ԵһҲɽҲ˽һ°ٺ淢顣
Ȼһ䵽ƥ˹ɽϣӭǻ빤֮շ˹˹λƥ˹һвԼϵĲм󲽾ͳ嵽ҶĵǰȻҶĺͰ߯˹ûվȵ¾׷һôҵ٣
ûҵûҵֱӾҵ٣ΪǳɳܺңͲҲ
ҶȻ˼ɵú׷һô֪һҵǵ뿪ʱѯǳڵĵطˣΪһЩɺϣʹˣ
շ˹˹գգǲСۣƬ̲Żع񣺡ôҲǳɳڰٺ洦ɼ
ʲôҶȻֲ²⣬û뵽⾹Ȼʵ
˿ҶĵķӦתͷٿ۰߯˹Ҳһɻ󣬹֮׹˲˵ЦԭĲ֪ǳĺ塣
һߺߣԼڰƥ˹ɽϵĹǰһ·ϸռһ¹ǳ֪ʶ
ʵϣǳضĳСָǳһɢڰٺϸλõĺ
Ҷ׹ˣԼͰ߯˹Ȼɵһںϰת˰µʱ䣬ʵǳɳһֱ˵Ƥ£ֻȱһֵ۹⡣
շ˹˹ȴûע⵽Խѿı飬ֱţЩУΧɳ̲ڵĺԳΪǳΪЩɳǧһֱǹ䣬ٶһЩ仯
ȻҲܳǳɳһԭǰٺϵʵٺʹƬЩ֮
Щ¶ɳӣȻǳȴ޷ڵıЩⲿɳӵǿ֮䲻ѭģȻҲǳɳȴȶ
ЩΧںȴͬΪĺˮãʹɳеǳ֮ɢͳΪġƷѵǳɳҲǳɳԴˡ
˵ˣ¾ɺΪʹⲿ־ɢͳΪŵر
仰˵ֻҪǰٺϴɳ̲ĺЩΧһƬԲǱˮУ֮ǳɳ˸ûбҪΪںϱ¡
߯˹һǵͨ죬뵽ԼЩΪһʶȱʧǸɶĺӸץȥô붼òˬԽһԺշ˹˹ʱ򣬸λɫúշ˹˹һơ
ôˣʲô𣿡
ҶҲˬȻΪЩԵһʿƾĵӣǱƸлǴڵģڵ˻Ĺ֮󣬳˱Ҫûкͺշ˹˹˵̫໰
ĹӴ󣬶Ӵ󹬵ƫǺշ˹˹ڰƥ˹ɽϵһЩ߽ڴ¯İƷõоϸĺڼӹ
¯ĻҪĶ࣬շ˹˹ûбҪҲܵǻɽȥܣܸɴĽʮ׻ƽʥԼ׼߯˹õ
Ѿ̬Ʒ˵һϵƷһſ˼˵ǰҶڽĿͶЩĿƷʥºϵʱ򣬷ﾹȻվһˣǼΪЩʥµߵǻսŮŵȡ
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ŵȺȴһڿҶĳֺ¶һǳõЦݣĿȴŮתϴŵ׵ɫ¶糤ȹҶָҳһģͽ²ŵ˫͸Ըĸ߸Ь
սŮȻʵ㲻϶ߣվڲŸ߸Ь߯˹ԣ͸Գ͵İСˣλŮͣǸɨ䣬˸ѯҶģ˵˫صЬ͸߯˹ģ
Ҷڹۿշ˹˹ĹͨԼһЩĹ򣬽ǳɳ뵽Ѿ͵ʥºСʵǳɳȫڶʱ򣬲뽫Ѿ͵ʥ»ٵ¶죬ѡ˱Ƚ鷳ķʽ
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ֻһתͷͿλǻսŮһεı飬ҶĲɵúһŵȱ˾˵˾䣺ﻹкܶ࣬һһЩ߾ǣ
ŵЦŵ˵ͷȻ˵ʲôˣֻǲͣڰ߯˹ҶȥһֱƵİ߯˹һλͬΪƥ˹ŵ˵˾䣺ʲôһı֪ڴ⣡
⣬ŵȺųǻŮ񣬵ڰƥ˹ɽϣôãСۣϲˣıƿˣڶλǻŮۣЩŵȶٶЩţһ֪˭˵ôǸһҪùˡ
߯˹Ҳ֪ŵǸʲôԸƽʱǾ˽ӴֻⲻͿˡŵȵλŮԼһʹЩСƲ߶
һΣȻǰҶĶԡİ߯˹ǰȻ˹߯˹޸Ҷġ
ֻλŮƺû˶ֵĶôңĪ˳ȥתһȦ֮󣬸ͻͽĽչ
Ӵһ£Ҷ밢߯˹˸һĽĻƥ˹ɽҲԽȤĶ
˽˽Ƕ˵ͲǺŵˣλŮһأû뵽ôͻָ˳̬ƺѡһУ
ŮʲôʱԸˣӦҲŶ𣿡
֮£ɵö࿴˼ۣһֱ˺ð죬ŽĽĿƿһֱվڽ䴦Ĵء
һȤ꣡
ŵԼ˫ص˫ͫŵתͷҶһ䣺꣬ô£
Ҹյĵӡ֮⣬пܳΪʥսµĵһƽʥʿ
˵Եģŵȿܲ⣬һᵽʥսλŮͻӵޱߵȤ
תͷʮ׻ƽʥһһһ飬ŵִһأȻŶ˵ϸ˵ҲͦΣϻƽʥºӦûͦƵġ
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ʮ׻ƽʥµƺʹԣҶĺͺշ˹˹ϸ˵ʱŵҲ˸һȻÿ׻ƽʥ¶Խʥеһȥ
ҶߵһƽʥǰĴ¸ոձշ˹˹кúշ˹˹Ȱʥ깤ȻŽųɫ̫ҫ뵵Ļƽʥ£

ǳ֮Ψһ䱸Ļƽʥ£һкֻܶʥʿǳŮ֮⣬ΨһȨжǷ׼ʥʿʹĲþߡͬʱҲƷٵȨʥеĳǷѡһҪǳΪʥʿǴŹƽرڡ
ҶֱӽԼ˵ϣŵȵû˵ʲôΪλŮһλýһͨ࣬罻൱Լ˵Ҷĵĵӡŵ˵Ҳ൱ˣЩͬȵĴڡ
Щˡ˭ںǣ


095 ô
ؿɲ֪ԼΪҶΪʦӵıŵλ֪ʿˡԼˡ֪ҲᱻһȻ˵׼Ǹø˻ǸûšŵڵҲȫġ
һԵҶȴûôֻ࣬΢΢۾оһոɵĻƽʥ£Ȼתͷ֣˹
ʵԴӺշ˹˹ʥ֮ҫĿĹâͽصעȫ˹ȥȻرϲʥµܹͣһƽʥµԼĿףҲСʱ˭뵽Ļһ죿
ԵҶֵʱﻹǺܼģ⼸·ߵĺƮһȻżվ
ҲҶİʲôģֻʥһģʥ¾ͺҶһһžһͻЩȺһĽ⣬ֱһԵء
е˶һ⻪ȥĿ⣬ԭ׼Ͱ߯˹˵ʲôŵҲ죬ĿǰһĻ˵ʵƽʥǴŵʱҲл֮Уһŵȸеˣֻװ⣬ʵ΢һҲνοƽʥµʵҲ㲻
ѤõĽɫ⻪һŹâһٲղǰĿʲôҲʱѾûʥ£Ƕһɫ׵ˡ
վԭأͷԼϿԼ˫ϵĶơҶڻЩʥͼֽʱѡڤʮʱڵĻƽʥͣΪǸ汾ʥģϰʥ¸ǣҲ͹ʹߵǿ׳ͬʱֱȺǸ°
ΪѡʥµƾͶСϣСڼ
ȻƳԭһȥ⣬滹һãǿԴű
ȻҪѧϰȭŹ򣬵˭ӻ᲻ϲʹʲôرıҶѾó˽ۣСӿ϶Ǹжмֹϵ֪ľǣǸжôӵġ
ñıǲô鷳ˣʥԴǹꪣڹ˫ڹաȱУ㹻ʹˡ
Ҷ´һأһףɢ̫Ľɫ뵣ʥ±̺СɢγɵģԼӵҲ˵ĿǰͿƲסʥ£ܹʥ´ϣΪҶĵԵʡ
һһȭ
һɻĿҶģԴӴʥº󣬾һصĸоһȻӵǿĸоͬʱһָоܿƵĹŤУͬʱԼŵƺҲõһЩйȻչֳһ֡
оһһִԼǿ˺ܶ࣡
ʱҶȭеԥܿͻع׹Լǿܶ౶ҲᱻԼʦԺǸɴһȭӳֱӹҶĵؿڡǲֱӻȭҶĵš
ȻһȭŻӵһҲ޷ǰˣһ׳ԵеϸָԼȭͷϣһ¾ͿԽָȴ̵һƾ޷Լȭͷǰƶ֡
Уȴâʢ̤šڱۣһǴĪƵֱȭֱҶģһȭֻƾ֪ף¾һʯҲᱻһȭɷ۳
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˱ԼĪʮӣظоԼľйһɶҪȭʱȴֻµĿ׺ǧ֮УԼѣһ󾪲
ֻܿԭжʥµԼΪƣ̾׹ôˡ
Ѿ׹ˣҶľվǰԼϵı任ȻƵѾʥ£ҪڵʵǲģԽһʱ䣬ҪŬУ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷȻǸԽߣĿǰǸԲУûΪԼôĸһȣʦҲ𾴣˵Ƚģôһʱ䣬ͲҪѵʥˣƽﴩҲһӦ
뵽ԼԺ·Ҫһʥ£¶ֿɬ뵽ԼпӵгһҲȻˣԵ࣬ĺô
ڴʱܴܲһʥƶҶĵǲģС̺ӵҶľ̾Чƺÿʱÿ̶ڴӵҴӸղһȭͲصԶˣһЩҲӲһȭ
仰˵ȻǸˣҲûнܹκζʵ뷲źܴðƥ˹ƬؽĻ˵ǣѾһ֮壬ӵһࡣ
Ĵڣһƽʥ߶ûģʥ²ûгһΪԼˡ
ôƬ̵Ĺ򣬺շ˹˹ֽ߯˹ɣŮںշ˹˹Ա߰ոµıͬʱȺ֮ŭһħʸ
Ⱥ֮ŭͷųħʸϵһ㣬˸貵ǹ⣬һβͣ΢Եе谵Ĵӳճһ˲Ŀʧˡ
Ź߯˹ҪٿǼʸˣŹ۳ħʸҲҪ
ͬʱһ԰ŵ˹սҲð߯˹⣬ֻԱû̫ʹãĻʹȺ֮ŭ˲ɱɲôϰַ߽ŵԼǰο߯˹ƽʱĴϰߣҲʺʹðŵ˹սֱ
һŰŵ˹սɢ͹âԭɫâͬ߯˹԰ŵ˹սо˺շ˹˹ĸɢɫĵƹ⻪ͲҲۡ
Աϵʱ򣬰߯˹ǽ׵ļƺһΣȥеʵĸоŮ˼ء

߯˹˳ֻӶһ£սȻӴеۣʵʹȴʺϻӶնϷĵУƿһҪƿ壬ð߯˹⡣
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սһĨ߯˹ұϵǸıۻ΢΢ɢһ˿â֮ŵױжʧҶ֪ԭ߯˹ұϵǸۻƽʱĶһֱΪǸۻֻǵװƷء
תͷ˿Ҷģ΢Цŵİ߯˹ѵõĳ˵ͷ⳥ҵĶҺ⣬ô͵Ϊֹˣ
ȻתһıӰĴǰʧ
ŵȿ߯˹ˣתͷҶģϻڳһȵı飺ѵ㻹ûнŮ˰ƽ
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ҶһƵĿŵȣʵŪǻŮ񾿾ڸʲôѵͲԼλŮƵһʲôôأ
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ֻŵվ۾΢ЦſʮһƷʥ¸̾һ䣺
Ҷû˵ת׼뿪Ű߯˹ɵһںϷ˰£ʱصƥ˹ɽҸطúϢϢ
ϾٺǵطȻֲȥȼٵģʵôùĴеƣϣǾϵġ
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û˵ʲôֻʵʵĸҶĺ棬ŵҲ˹Ҷ΢е㾪ȡ
һ·ϣûڣǱ۾ƾҶ޽ڿдǸģҪж⡪Ҷʱʱͷι鵤ҩʲôģƻָ˲٣ϴɾʱѾ޵ģ
ֻǿ׳ʱڣݹ᾵뿴еصǺϲͷһҶԼͽܻûͷΪĴ㣬Ҳּɱɵȥˡ
ҶĲµĵûһԴѰ˼ĶԼŻƽʥ£ݵ룬ȻõʲôȽϰıУݵֻһס˰ɣ
ֻԼ˼룬ҪշΪҲô׵ģֻŬĺսϣܹʱһ¸飬˵ʱ򣬹Ҳһ˼ˡ
ߣǾʹлᣬΪԼĿŬš
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ǡͷڻ˹ȥʱ뾹ȻһˬȻ΢΢һӣ͵һͷͷϵĽǷǳ׼ȷ˺ڻ°ֱͣӽİ׶ڻƷɵһԡڿеת˺üȦȻžһһԵǽϣǽڻĻ棬һԵ

ҶĽ̨ϣһɹɹ̫ȻͲȥܣ±һֺģյԱߵĺڻֱ˸طȥ
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ףҶҲͲٷϻ½ĿŵŵϣôŮ£ʲô𣿡
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ڽˮԼҶıһ仰ͣϵĶȻ˰űһ֣


096 ̵
ܹҶıֵ̫ȣΪʵûŪʲô
ϸŰԼͣô£
˵ŵư߯˹ԵλսŮư߯˹˳ۣҪǸŮҵŤĻôʵͷˡ
ҶĿɲΪԼʲô˧ŭԹ񹲷ߵķ˴ڣҲΪԼʲôȻŮԵ⹦ڵҹǿĹ챦Ҳⷽ泶ʲôϵ͸벻Ϊʲôᷢ顣
ܲƳ츳˰ɣ
˼뵱УеɻûаڣжŵȿһλǻսŮҶֱ¶һΪζЦݣʵ㲻ذôӵģ
ŶôͽôŵȾ˵һʲôɡ
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ҶĿɲֻŮ˶һ˶ҲûѰ˼飬ô粻Լƥ˹ɽ˾Ҫˣ
㲻ţŵϵЦһֱûбҶһŹ֡ģҲֳ㲻ʵҿ֤Ŷ
ţҲţҲҪ֤ҶĵǸɴ䣬ôŵ̸ȥ϶Ů˵Ľ൱УһСԼͻᱻǣűߣڣƻȻһ˵µģ۾һµӡ
ⷬٶžҪͿͣŵ΢һ֮ͻָ˳̬Ȼһ䣺ǿǰɣվȻֿ˿Ҷĺ뿪
ȵŵȵĽŲԶȥҲҶĲ½۾Ȼһ˫ۣͿһ˵ı飺ʲô飿
ʦصʦı֮ǰôҪֿࣺʵ̫ˣ仰ǷԷθģͽǴһѹĻƽʥ£̾ͻԼʦǰ
û취ղ¶Ҷ˵ֻе㾪ȣ˵ȱһֱϻҪǿҡ
ŵʲôˣȻϣûʲô˽⣬Ҳ˵λŮĴǿƥ˹ɽϵս˹û޵˹ҲҪͷ۵ĴڡȷͷۣŵȾǴԴĳġ
ƥ˹ɽǿ࣬ŵŮЩڵУҲǰеһŮȻ˵Ҫ޸ԼʦٶԱһԼ߶ﶼ㲻δ̫һЩ
ʱϣԼʦܹżմڸԼҲܹС˵еЩԽһʲôԺ߶׷Ҳˡ
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Ҫ˼룬ϽȥѰ˼ʲôҶֻÿЦãС֪ҶΪͷء˵иŮˣǸŮҪ޸Լ²ãŮŵȣͲеǳ鷳ˡ
֪ŵȻǰƥ˹ɽϱȽϡĴŮ񣬶Ϊ˴ʵǿᣬǶҲ١
˹ʲ뽫յУҲ˵Ȳܱˣƥ˹ɽϾBOSSﶢŮأŵȰԼԼվBOSSĶô
ȲܣΪ߯˹ԭѾǳΪͷˣοѾй֣кͺõĿܡ
˹ܹ˹أŵһøë
ܲܡŮ˾Ǵôɣ
ϸ룬ûܣֻŵʲôôһʱᵹҲ벻ף㽫鶪һԡҲû׼ŮյУҲûҪ̫࣬ˮҲˡ
ѾڲԶأҶĿʼν̵ˡ
ٶʵˣȫķҪ˶þͻᱻˣӦʲô书أ
룬СС๦ΪʲôرԭҪǿǵڵǹǺͻͲðˡС๦ļԼмõһˡȻȫͬϵ᲻ʲôͻ
ȫķʱôûǵΪȫķ⣬ϵҲֻۣһŵĹ
һǳʲô鷳ɾͶȥˣָӰ쵽Ժǰ;Բòѡ
ĿǰؿС๦⣬ȻĿǰҲҪ¾Ϳ
ĿǰҶĻиĶҪ̵ΪʥʿôԲʹأ
ŹԼʹϣ㹻ĶҪѧϰģǳǹƣԵǴ֮ʹãա˫ڹڹ⼸ÿһҪʱȥϰġ
ͬʱŹҶҲҪȫķһ̶֮ǰһ㣬ֻźþжϳؾܼܲڹķسͻҲþ
Եڶյ̫һ˯еؾͱҶһѴӱȻ̵ʱϴϣʥºԼȥ
ʦ緹𣿡
ؿɲҶģڻϻ࣬Ҫʳά
Ҷȴ¶һħЦݣһ䣺ȲҪˣµģ˳ȥ
ʲôѧ˭ѧǸ·ա
и˺棬һ·ŹǷȻʱʱĴԼһ浱С
ȻмѾưܲͬʱһǳĹ㳡ƺвƵĿ̨е˶
ǰƥ˹ɽѾĶƽʱԺǾѵ
ҶѾһƬطˣ֪ôһʵĻȻҪúõ
̵ҲʲôӵĶĿʼ
ʲô룬ĶĪǴϾӡеɣɶҲɣҸû˵ɽһǼǧ֡
ϧͲɽôҵģҲɽɵĹʲôΪЩС˵еһ
ˣҶĺ֮ûع

Լ⵼³˻ôôĴʻ㣿
ʦǲɵ𣿡
Ҷĵ˵ͷû򵥵Ľһ£ɽвͬҵģ

Ҳ˵ɶ˵ģԱٷˣͻȻһض̹ҶĻ侹ȻóһƬƬĹӰ鼸ؾ;ԼԼֱ۽˼
۵ǲۣǼӰ֮岻ľͰڳһƣһƣɲڵ
Ҷùֵ˵ػع΢Щεĵطסƣа仯
ذһҺòҰȴôҲû뵽ԭɽɾȻϰɣŵӾȻǴĻпʼϰΪɶҸطһٳ˵أ
ȻѾҲѡοҶĵʵҲȷǳǿʦɲôҵġкܶҶǿĴڣҲҵĵСҾҵĵҲԸΪͽ
ȻǴԽߣͬԴԽԸֻ롣ǰ׳գͬʱҲиŻлرҪһﶼܲΪǿĴڣǼǲܵ顣
ҧӲͦţһŻƽʥǿֲһ߱ļƣûҶгڽѵĻᡣ
ҶҲ΢еԾԵ˵ͷСӲһǴļһôмڣ
ҧ֣ҶͻȻ˼ھȻһ㣬漴оԼڵƵõ˺һԼζ
ÿһתԼ͸оù˼֣Ǽʧȥ֪°Ҳĺù࣬ʱʦڽ̵ԼеһЩҪǰ׳ˣ˸һȻûҶһԣԹԵİողŵķʹ
ҶԿ˿ĵ˵ͷصȻ㲻ϾΪʾѣмͬʱӦҲٶΪɹۡ
ʵղһҶҲڹ̽ӣУңָ㣬ֻǲ̾йؼʹָֻ֤һЩ©ɡ
ȴʱѾЩԼָϰġʱСͬʱͽЩھû̽
£ƽǴţĽԱûʣɾҲޣ͸ˣ㲻ȥ룬ֻ˺ŽϣȻǽʮƸȫˡ
ңѾ򼸺ûеùָʣ¹»֮ľͲϸ˵ˣΪЩе⡣
ϸصڵӦϣۺȴõģңͲˣԴǴиĽ
Ҳ˵úý̵ǺңһΪԼɫ֮ˣһ󣬵ҶΪڴ
һϣѧʹŸոտʼѣԴǿ֮ĺҶĴʱҲ˲ñˣƥ˹ɽһĽ̵ͽ
ȡЩʳȻ΢Ϣһ󣬾Ϳʼ̵
ȻѾʥ£ԵĲ˵׵ı㶼ûá
ʦӲҵס
صıԹҶĽеӽʥϵıڵһְڿһƽ𽣡
ȻҲкܶ๦򣬵ȴԽƷΪȣɵһЩ
䣬Ҷľȴȫ潣ʾҶҲûй⽫ˣĻŽһ˿ۻңֻйоصĽһ׽ͻһ׽
ȫ潣ط㽣ٵٱǧʮʽԼ˫ڼּ˶ɽ̫弸Уʾָὣʮ
ɽеĸ·Ҷһ˸գ󻹽廢ŵѪ鵶ȼ׵Լն·ĹԳʹ˳
űǵƽ˵ǳȴʹҲ޲ɣԡ
ž˵һѣһ̧ͷѾ˫һ㵵Ŀ
ô
㶵ҡҡͷ漴ֵ˵ͷĳһ䣺ʦЩ书
һ˵Ҷ漴ˣԭղʾʱÿһŹ򶼻ὫֱһûʲôôһѴյһ飬һ¾ʶЩ书ˡ
ΪʦЩ书ֵʱöӡ
ز˲ͷǲڵĺȻ룬ͻȻʵˣʦЩȽ֪Ʒ֪ҧ京岻Զ
ҶĵҲ⣬ھ͵ơơ޵ơƮѩơʮƣ
ԽԽͷΣһֺͻȻ˾䣺ʦɵɷβǰİɣ


097 ɽ
ɵ·õĲɵĴֹƷԵĸߵ
ҶֻԴϺܲӦ֮ͽ̵Ҳ̫ЩʵЩС˵е书ԭͣҪָ˭ɽկ˭أ
ЩҲȫǺϵȷọ̈̄ȫҲȷһŽȫ潣ͬʱǽʮƵԭҲȫ̵һƷʮתƣҲԭ϶һתְˡ
Ҷһֱɽɼ̳еȫ̵ͳʱá
ӵԽĵӵʱһһ׼ҪҲǵȫ̵ĵͳ˱书ԵŹΪȻôҲĹЩ书Ҳ֮ЩĿǰǲ֪Ϥպл֪
㶵ҶﳤƪۣԴǵ㶫ͱҶһûˣȻҶ΢ͣ£ŵʦԺѧеЩ
С˵вǾдôһҴŴΪڶ֧࣬ϵҲǲ٣ԹűģһϵѧʲôǱȦ˵ģȻͺ׷һ
ȴҶɽϵλ磬ΪĵӣȻѧʲôѧʲôҶĴʱҲûлشֻǵ㻹ûҪѰ˼ЩȽҴڹķԼҼĹʽñɣ
˵ˣҶľʹȫ潣ʼ̵֣ӸͶԽһϲͨû취ֻôӸӻĵطʼ̵
ӶЩϤĺܿ죬ֻһһ·ģˣҪҪ뽣żҪһʱյ޿
ؽƽԼһڱպãҶֿһѺ˫ͫѰ˼£ͻȻָԶ˾䣺ĵ𣿡
תͷ˳Ҷָϸһƣ漴һ㶣ʦѯǹԹԵĴӦһĺ
ʲô
һɰСš͵ǣҲǰƥ˹ϵ𣿡ҲҶһָſеƣΪʲô˻͵ѵ͵ѧյģöʵ̫ˣƾ͵ѧҲѧʲôõİɣ
Ҷ֪ˣֻһֱȥܰˣʱҲ˳ص˫ͫڴһǸ˯ŵ˹Ķӻ˹Ǹαʦҵѵһ٣׼СԺ鷳סģԼСĵǣ
ػһ飬ֿ˿ģɰޱȵĻ˹ֻһ񺮡ǰֻ̫ˡ
ҶһԿСӵķӦе⺢ӣԺҪǿʦ廹Сӿô죿
תͷٿԶ˹ѾӰǿҶķԼȥˣҲ﾿ΪʲôҶĶСӻмġ
׻Ϊ˹Ͱܽ޵߯ߵıȽϽܽ޵߯ϲ˹ƥ˹ɽ϶֪飬밢˹ΪĹϵԲվһ˫ٷ֮ǵжԵ״̬ˡ
ػصԼסǴһȥ깫ȵ߽УͿ깫Χתתȥ棬ģƺǶͻȻԼסĵطָеޱȾȣԼĵطǰƥ˹ɽϡ
ҶĻ깫Ȼȿѯһ룬ҶںδѰģ˵껹ָָϵļ˺ۣЩ˿ȻȽأҲǲƣֻϧֱûкʵҩġ
˵껹һϧӿ룬˫һֲӡֻı飬һ϶֣ѵˡ
ѹ˵˻мƣ깫ģĺڻֱһģӣд˿֪ڻ̰ӹҲǵ깫ֻ깫ȽǿһЩƽʱܿסˡ
ҶעĲЩ깫˵Ǿ䣬Խκһ㣺꽫а취
깫תȦִ˼£Ȼ뱣ԼĪһ׵ľ룬ָǸϽǣһǲõģ㲻ȥʮҲȻָеҩʲôŵرôһͻָҲʲôϡ£
˼ǰʱ뵹ûôˣϾһҲ˵ԼƣҲܸ˦ɫ
깫ָָϹĿԵʲôޣҪָĿҪЩ£롢ȵȴô鷳ֻҪҩʣҩԡȻһľͻֱָ˰̣һ¾ʧ
۾ʱȥһƬ۰ףѰ˵۾⸱ģûлָĿܣ
վĶʲôˣǶһĴڣͬʱ뱾ͲһĶǴޣҲǿƥϹ۾ָǲܵ顣
ǴӶͷһֱµ˰̣Ͳص£㲻ҩʯһʱգԼʧ
ںħŮҹĥһҪס컯ʬܱǱ
Ҷ깫˵һֱͨӽͨѶȡ˳ֱ֮ͨ깫ҪЩҩģ
깫һ㶣׹ҶҪɽϵȻ뷨ӽ깫ʹá
ڽԼҪĶ˳ͼҶǶϰŪ˼£Ȼվ˵깫ܹ̽ﴫҶ˭˵
ȵҶĹرͨѶ깫һʲô
ҶĵҲֱӾ͵ǰЩղģĺڻ͹Ķ֮һܹɽֱӶԻ
깫ҶԼĺڻȥɽȡʲôⶫɵҪࡪѶٿ죬Ҳⶫıݣ˵潻̸һѶվǱȽŴݡ
֪ⶫֻܺɽǸն˽жԻ̽ͿԽжԻƷҪƵķ󷨱ҪӺܶ౶޾ĿǰоʱǺˡ
ҶĸղŽһͨѰ˼ŵɽ֮鷳λǰ͵ƥ˹ɽġ
û뵽ǣҶĵҪֱӿڵԸʦȥɣ
Ҷĵû뵽ʾҪҲûԣֱӵ˾䣺Լ·СעҶˣ
ᣬһֱûôעһֱûʽΪӣ㵽ҲǶһӵɽϴš
ѾͷһֱģƽҲûʲôڸУôֵôˣ
ȴ֪黹ѩŵģԭ˾Ѱ˼ɸ˹ȥҶģԭΪҶĵȥ˰ƥ˹ɽûʲô˲Ծͷһ㣬֪ҶѾڰƥ˹ɽȫסˣҲ˵ʱûʲôΣˣôţδ˵㡣
οҶһֱôչԼɸӹȥҲչһ
ĳӹȥţκɽ¶ŬأŬɾ磬ѩͻҲҪʣûؿҪæ
ȥֻȽУϾд޾򣬼֣ӢһѾ㹻ˡ
ĹҲҪչֲ˹æŽɫڻͨɽУڴʱǱȽеģ˾ͱѩϣȥƥ˹ɽҶġ
˳ơƥ˹ɽЩŮ˹ԼˡϾƥ˹ɽϵŮϵ֮ңɽĿɿڴƽﲻСڣʲô鶼ϵͶһ޷ŵģ
ҡң
ҡҡͷôһ֮󣬻ºѩҲǼΪģȻ֪˺Ͷ˵Ĳͬ˼ҲþܿԼ๫Ҫ˵һ㲻Ȼܣʹλŷ˵УԼĳҶҪҩĳˡ
ȻǵٶȲ죬ôȥĻҪ˷Ѳʱ䣬Դ޾ֱӰԼƽµĺ«
«ʱôգ
˿ߵĴ«ͷ۵ⶫӦô棬ϾǴ޾ķ޷Ǻ«ɴʹʱСġ
޾ȴõģ㵽˵ͷ«Ϻݺһģ«ͻԼɻˣ
«ԭûôܵģȻɽҲжԼصԵķ«ԲڴеУɽ޾ƺ˼ܣȥʱҲ̫࣬ͿԣԼͻƥ˹ɽɣ
ԶԶس̣
ɣ׼û׼ֱȥͺáĵ«ϣȻϺ˵˾䣺ˣ«һͣˣֻţ԰ϣҲýƣ
ǡӴ޾һӹǶֱӾ͇ˣԭ޾ݸһPSP
ģⶫѾҸõһû磬㲻ػһҲûģ޾֣Ӣĵ˺þãòо̽ԴƣܿͱͷϷ棬ȫ֪޾ʲôʱĵⶫһЦãȻ޾˵ͷʾԼûˡ
֣Ӣֿڵţ˳ֶһҶǸһģһֻ̽ǰľƬɫͬˡ
ⶫʦ̽磬˰ƥ˹ɽ֪ͨʦҴױɵˣ
һ˲ŷӦһ㣬޾תͷһ䣺ܵϵҶû뵽һ㣡
ɫȴÿԼ˸ʲôʲô˵Ҫȥȥˣеϸڸûǹôʲô⻹治˵
ϧûиڵĻᣬһӹ̽޾һ𣡡ȻǺ«ವһ´˸߿գҲӰ
Уۻذɣ
һֵȺֻһ紵۾һУʱȻûǺ«Ӱˣɼ«ٶ֮졣
ñȳٷɻ˰ɣ
һߣһߵ̸ţ˭Ҳûע⵽ӢͷͷԵԭת˼Ȧƺʲô
˵ᣬں«ֻϰǾޱǿᣬԳеƣûб⡣ȵ΢ʩųһ㣬ԼΧһƻһ֮ǵ֮Ҳʧ
˿Χƶ䣬ѾǵһηԲʲôѾʶ޾λǰǶôȼ֮ȻԼһϷĥʱ䡣
ûüϷ򿪣һġоʲôԼĺ
󣬵⼸ûκĸ߿֮ϣ벻עǼǲܵģ˳ַֽڵϣ͵תͷ漴ͿرһĻСèӷҲں«ϣϰͣת󣬽צŵһƬһ죺
ȫСһʲôʱһǺõģֽڻǼӷƳԵѾСӣȡϷĴ׼ĥĵʱ⡣
һֺ󡭡߿֮ϣȻһŭԼƵŭ
ȻһϷûװ


098 ɽ޷
ڰƥ˹ɽϵƽҲģҿ߿ʱ̵ҶĵҲû
ÿ̫ȥץȻȥľѵ⼸չȥ֮صĽģˣɼҶҲûٽ׵Ľ
⼸ռҲˣҪһ̵أӶӺЩһǴӻȻʼ·ĥʹýķʽʱѾĲá
Ҷľһַʽ̵ͽ̵ЩĻʹ÷ʽȻֹͨʵսؽЩеĻɱܣڳ·ʽصĶǸΣȻ֪书ô¾ͺˡ
Ҳ˵㲻ؿһʲô书еģԭʲôӣֻҪǵʽŵò֪Ӧʲôʱʹ㹻ˣ
ӦǼΪѧûмʮ޻ԣǲ׵ġصе㲻ͬɫʿԱ֤һЩʽӳǿǵеʽҲЩݱɣרĴĥСӵĻء
Ժ̵һʲô
Ϊƽ𽣵Ĺ죬ѧϰ˽֮Ҷ˳ƾͽĵҲ̸أǿЩǵЩǽԻƽͣȫһֵҪ
˽̵֮ػƽ𽣵ʱͽ˿׾ǽǵˣҲǰһ뻹ὣֱ̣һɽнлһһϰ˴·ߣ̾ͻᱻһͨҴĪ
ϧǰƥ˹ɽɽסŵĶǿЩеĻͲֵ¡˹͵˼֮ҲˣǾٿȥҲʲôõĶɣ
ƽ֮ϰǹΪ׻ƽǹϻС֦ʹ˸ļɣҪȻƽ𽣻Ҫ鷳һЩ
ֻǡŶһҶĵİŲκεۣѾԼȻΪʦǾͲҪ̫ˣʦĽ̵ȥͺá
ο⼸ԲʵӦ˻ƽʥµȻ޷ʥ³ˣǿȴı˳¿һصĿףɿж硣
ϰǹ֮ǰȸʾһ±ɽеһǹ
˵ֳһǹȻǻƽǹȻƼҰǹʾһ
һ·ǹҶʩչȴҪԭһǹ࣬ǹָ֮޲һƬɳʯľֻƬ̣⾺оһ˫죬ͿҶĵĶˡ
ȵҶĽһ·ǹʹ֮⾺ƱɨһƵأʯȻȫưܣǾͺոµһ
һ飬ͻȻ˵һ䣺ʦ·ɨֵǹܲѧ𣿡
ܡúɣЩĶƣôǹһҲǵˣ
ҶĸͲͨǹܹʹҲΪʶ㣬Ҫǹɽϻǹ»׸Ůǿ
ʲһƼҰǹȻʹݣҪ϶еģеŪɡ
̵صҲ㹻οҶҲ˽ֻ̣ǹеĻһһ̻֮ԼֻǸιе˶ѡ
ֹ죬ؽǹļ·ҪϤһ飬ҶҪաܣ˫ڹڹȴ󡪡ԭҶĲᣡ
⼸·Ҷ֪ƤëԼҪ֪ÿϻһͨѶֱɽѯһĸ֪ģϽԼͷٽ̵ء
ҿҶ鶼Լ˽ģ֪ԼʦҲѧ֪ʦжġ
ֱһһ̵֮Ҷָɴѻ컯ȡ˳ҲϤϤѾѧ࣬Ҳ
һڰʦº󣬾ͳΪɽѧӵĵӣյıɽ֣࣬ƽ֣ҪЩֵһЩ仯Ǿ͸ˡ
Ȼ޷ųͨʮ˰ʮǿҲˣҶĵǶҲ⣬ش˴󴸵÷֮󣬻ЦƣպɾޣҲȥͥͷ
һߣȻȥͥǸͦδǽͷһְʵⲻ
˳ֵ˵ϵĴ󴸣ͻȻҶĵʦԴӵǺ֣ܳ͸𣿡
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ôãͽܾȻ󴸣ԼƲ⣬ƺмֹϵ˵ͷԴ󴸱ǻ컯ıҲ㲻ʲôϡأȴ㹻̺ͷʮ㣬¸õҲʣ
һ˵ţͷ룺ûƴСӴԽ岻ж۾Ǹ֮仯ɣϲ󴸵Ҳϡǲ֪᲻ʲô仯
Դص֮ĵƲ⣬ͫҲеͨƲ൫ҲܿţػһڵԵɻֿܡ
ҲΪ߶Ὣոص˸жҶĻ߶ҲƳ࣬ԲŹж֡һ㣬ҶǸѹжϡ
ҪĻǲǴŰ¶ﻹиԼͽȥȡĻػ᲻ᱻǱжɣ±Ǹ¶
ɲģϾԼҲǽʬ꣬Լɳԭ˵Ŀͷͷ۵ĸоɲôʱĻֻһͨ˵꣬غпǰռһеգɲ֪ԼҪ١
ȻѾΪͽܣȻҪúΪ㣬֮ҶĿ϶ģϾԼӵʵ͵ɽɵʵֻȥãʲôʱȥãҪúııˡ
ҪľǣҪصʵõ֮һ˲ʧȥңҶı뱣֤صʵܹѹס֮Լܴڵжʶ
ԽԽүүķ£ˣ
ָ˸ԼĶͷҶľԼǵ̫ˣôӣԼúԼ飬ԺΣȫԼˣĪҪĵ̫Ϊá
˵л˺ŵ߰ɣΪʦɽȥһλʦ㣡
ѾһңԼͨѶ˵Ѿ˰ƥ˹ɽˣҶ֪ɽԶԶܿٶȾ㿴Ҳû÷һղܵ
ļ̵أȻʱˣ׼ɽȥᡣ
صûжʣֻŶһȻ˳ֽһաҶһʼ͸һƻĴﱦռ䲻󣬲㹻ƽʥºԴ󴸷ŽȥˣȻʥµĶҲܹһؾûǷڴ﷨ﱣյ㡣
һ·ҶýţضܹлǸеΪ棬˲ͣĶ˿ûиоƣعʱѾԼʦ˰ƥ˹ɽɽˡ
ƥ˹ɽΧһнƣɽȥģ깫ҶʱҲɽ£Ȼɽڷȥںʵĵطڵϵԭ
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˵ĿУ˶ĺ«ͣ˵ǰῴԼʦȻһȻûʲô飬仹͸¶ĵ뷨ǵطˣ
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ؿһӣԼǻ𱬵Ķаһ飺ʦƢİ
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ˣȻҲ˰ɡƥ˹ɽϵı̬٣ԼСĵˣ룬Ӧû˭ôǿôСҲŹɣ
ȴӷƳڵϵأ¶һΪȻı飬Ǹƺ˵ףո̧ͷ˻ȥʯҲ̧ˡ
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099 
صƥ˹ɽ֮Ҷûмѯ̫飬Ƚ깫ҪĶȡλˮҪҩĻ治٣ôﱦԸƴ޾Ǻ«ܶѳһСɽ
깫ʱڹϢᵽԼҪĶˣæһһ鿴ȷҪĶڣЦŶ˾䣺͹ˣ
ֻһûбıʾ깫ҲɽסЩʱգŮôӣҲ⣬ֱȡҩģȻſﲻкһ
Ȼ߰Ҳ깫ԼҪԼˣҲûüֱվ
粻ʱǱģȻԵϽҲʼ⣬һݹ᾵Ŀˡ
⽥һָΪ뱾еĲҲ¶˳һЩߵŮ̴Ǳû֣ΪǵĹУֱŽĹۡ
ʱ밺ͷ̤ĸ깫ǼԡҡȻҶĺ깫ķҲеԡңлһϴԡңǸҶĵĻ˵һӾأ깫׼ǳӰҩҺȻˡ
ҩģҪƳɵҩٲûҪ㹤ߣҶ빤֮շ˹˹ϵ㲻鷳һЩӦòѡο깫ҲǵʿҲЮһЩ򵥵ߣշ˹˹ٰæһЩƷҲ㹻ˣԵûгֵļһʹá
ȵ깫ʧҶĲкػһӣվһװܣǲϸΪһװƷ
ǿͷ֮ͷãֻܹĲ֣ʵϾⲿҲǸԶ΢ЦŵҲģǴԭı顪ڵأҲ¶ֵȻ΢ЦɣһЦװڳ
ӷڽǲֱӱĵϣȻ۾ˮص߮ѰˮȽϺóһЩ
ҶĶкһ֮ǰʦʲôô
ԼŮ˵˽⣬϶ύһЩģҲֻʲôҲ˵ӣֻҪԼʣܹ֪ԼҪ顣
ȻܵȻ˵һ䣺ʦõӿŵʦʦһĪŮˣ
ҶеΣЦһ¡֮ǰûŮˣĪľͺͰ߯˹˹ϵȻŵȻӲҵܽκһţⷬҪλ֪ˣ¿ܲ˵ʲôʦð˳ֵóԴס
ûü˵ʲôʦ˵˰ƥ˹ĳЩ֮󣬾ͷǳģԲŻеǰ
Ż˵Խǿ϶ʣҶıôôȻҪԭ
ԼƺһʵѡΪѾͷе䣬Һƶʲô鶼ôģ˿ԼĸŮߵĽ˹Ҳ𲻵ʲôãǻȥʵԼλ˱һ¡
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ɽЩӣҪôĽҪͷҪôɽæѲĿǰȥҲԹ
Ҳ˵ѾͷҲûѡµѡ
ȻˣҲţʦȱԺÿʱĶ־ˣ
һȻı飬Ҷ˵ûʲôϵһܹ˷ӦĻ̌ȻԼ۾Ա߸ԽӲأ֪ˣ
֪ΪʲôһվŵͻȻһֹں֮еĸоƽҲͦġ
˵ڶ֮ûԽԵָоӺζȵôվԼǰʱһԴʺš
˿Լ룬ĻƽʥȱװϣƽʱͷҲͷϣ¹ʮһ֣ÿ֮ԼĻﻹһԻ컯ʹùĴ󴸣νȫװ
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һĭһѹֱѳΪ򣬵ȷԵ
ϲһ˫ɫƽƤЬⶼǱ׼䱸ˣ֮һƽ۾Լһͷں˳ֱ
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ػشһȦеԼʦǴͽܣѵɽҲЩɣȻҶ˵ɽҲǵ򴫳ɣžɷɽ磬ôеĵҲʲôϡ顣
⸱װ磬ʵںӡе˳ϰϵŵǼҲΨһһɱĶˡ
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ɱԼΪʵôҲ޿ɺǣֻܾñŤԼСһ
ΪԽߣҲϣжеҶǰãֱһֻСèʰˣжеƣʱе㱬˫һ󴸾ͱС
ǶԿŵģԾɱʮıᵹûô⣬ؾȻһԴ󴸻е⡣
ȻתͷһվŵҶ˾䣺ý𣿡
ҶƺʲôһЦһʱûкʵĳǽǱ˳ƻǻõģ
̾˿֪ƵأȻŻعأʱֳ˫Ѿ嵽˽ǰ漴Ľ˳һӣһɢɣǧӣ
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ȴԼһճȥʱһɻ͵͵һȦӣصڶûüֵʱ򣬴һ벻ĽǶȺŵĴϡ
һѡλúû˵أһʹزòΪϴľ޴ղסǿŵĻôֻһֱش
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ΪһϷͨȻҲƽʥϸ˽⣬֪ʥ±䱸ʮԼ㽫ص˫ɻҲʦܾû˿õıС
Ȼƾ˫ϵĶֿ˼̴֮Ӻһ˻ƽǹ˵ǳǹʵϸһꪣȻ纣ʵǱҲһܹ⡣
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˵Ļʲô漴ͷǷɫĴ־ȻڿճȭͷȻĴָһתĴָµƣԼҡҡ
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ȡڹɣ
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˳һطֱ߾ֻʣһԹգʱΧĻƺҲɢ࣬վԭأλûбƶ͸տʼԵʱһģһ
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һ겻Щƶô۵Ŀ϶ȻˣؼһתΣȻ˫ۻӲӻг˳Ȼ̧ȭͷһȭᡣ
ϧԵȱ㹻˽⵼սԤذĲ𣡡
һ޷ŵĿǰһź˿ȣӴĽʹиⲻǻþ
ǰһڣֱӾ˹ȥ


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ҲǣɽһȺˣߵĽһģûбģƽʱôŵףĻʵҲҪǿࡣ
һɽҲֲȥָԭŵĿǰ
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һֱ깫ѯʱ֪ԼļȻѾڰƥ˹ɽˣֻһĽ̵ӵļһﻹ֪ɽϵı仯
ŵȻҲ֪Щ飬ʱһҶģһζЦݣԭΪ㲻ϲ߯˹ԭҸˣ
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ǸŵȵʥʿвҶһĴڣôʥ򼸺ǱʤɵˡȻֻһϷŵҲ
ˣҶһֻλŮ⣺ôҪأ
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ҶһĺߣȻ֪ǹģŻΪԼ˵ĽôӡҶģȻ޳ͦΣôҲͼгһȥο׶ߵĳУ
ţƽʥ¼ΪƵģ˵׼ĴϣΪԭĹϵѾˣҶһ뵽ţʥ´һϾͻñŤ
Ҷ֪ԼͣҪԭһȡҽţʥϥǡĲλмǣ͵ĿףĻԵúܱŤ
һʱźһӣֿ׵ĻǸӵûĿҶ΢ԼϽţʥºģȻһ顣
ǡҶЦųһĵӣ뻰һھͱŵȸˡ
Ŷţܲӣŵ¿˿ҶģȻЦһ󣺡ҵǺܺʥ´ϻʲôЧ
Ҷĸշ˹˹ʥͼֽʱÿͼֽ϶ʥµ̬ͣнţʥµģǰ׶Ĵ׳󻭵ģŵȻĵʥ¸˹Ӧûܺʡ
ŵȵȻ֪˹ڵϵкΪǲʥҲǴһ׳ϵģԽţں˹ȻҲǺʵĺܡ
㲻˹ƥ˹ɽҲвٰĺʥ£˵ʮ׻ƽʥµͶܰƥ˹ϲΪʵöһԳǳɫġ
ЩһȣҶľԲϸˡϵȷҪЩһСһȦοʿϰ·Ҳ߼е·ȻҲȫҪЩһȼ⣬ֻһ˲У֣ҲּУ
ʱŵȵԺУѾԶһСӴŴ˿׵ĻģˣȻ֪ƽʥ»ʹԶڴСʱԶһ㡣
ҶĿһЦĿĵŵȣȻֿһװʲôûзһƽվᡣ
һҧһһģҶĵľˣ
һʹţˣҿǻôЦ
⻰һŵЦȴǸӿˣһԵҲҲ̲סһ꺮ƵȻ˴ůļڣŵĻһޱȡ
ֵҪһֱʵʵһԵļӷƣСȻǰצԼǹС׶ƤͣعצӸ߶Цһ۾ˡ
ӷץҶĺС֪ţʥʲôģЦôģ
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ŵȿҶľȻһֻСè˵ȻСèȻӦǺףСģ
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ʧܵļӷƱҶķºͶȻԴԴһƬƲΧĿܵӰһԱԵࡣ
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ƽʥ¿νǷʮ㣬ƾճֱֺ˵ϣһ쳣Ƶľ죬ڵϵظĵֱ˫ۡ˹
ķӦҲ죬ȻѾ˰գ˳ƾһȻɾڵϣֻһתͷͿվԵᣬֻöһʹԾĺ
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ԼкҲôһ䵭ĻӦֻλʦԶһ㣺ʹŶôôôֵʱ򲻼һſҪҵˣ
һﻹһ󷭽ҶȻλอ£˻ȥͬʱѪҲվˣǱȻġҶĵҲûа취κãʹܵĻԺôɴҶĸûȥЩʣµʹ
ںʲôģֻҪܹһ磬ͻõҲõʲô󻼡
ۺһעܿͱǻƽ˹ȥϸһͼƵ˾䣺ǽţʥ£Ҫ𣿡
¿˿û˭ĺʣСҲĸҴˣȻԵ᣺Ҫɣ
һԼͺˣûи㷴Ӧʱ䣬һʹõʳݺݵͱһ¡
ˮؾԼǱװư͵ĺãеĺ޷ֹĴĿ⣬ȵķԼʦȻ˹ȥǻƽһ
Ȼƽʥ³ޱȣҶ˵ҲʲôһᣬƽӾͱȻתҵķ߹ȥ
ȥģŵһ֣ƽʥ´ŵʱñܻ˰ɣһʥ¾ͻֽⲢһһ⸽ʹϵʹߵʱʲô·
ĴŷʽڹҲκβõӰ죬ŵȶû˵Ҫܻ䣬ôҶȶˣ
ҶĻͷۣһ׳ʿһȥⲻı׳ģµʲô˵ͻᴩֻҪȽ
ս䣬ҶĵҲûˣʲôģֱӽϵĳһѡѾû˵ģƥ˹ɽв÷죬򵥵ķһԸŴšƥ˹ɽϼһΧÿ鲼һĴ·ʵ޷ܣϾûôŵļ԰ڡ
ֻǳһ֮Ҷûֱӽƽʥ´ϣȡ̽Ȼֱӽ֣ͨͨӢѯʣֱӾ͵ͨѶǰΪʦм
֣ӢҲû£ֱӽͨѶԱһݣ޾ԱߣһͼֽоôɽҪķ䰲Զˮܵأ
Ҷţʲô𣿡
һҶָǾҪˣ޾Ҳϻֱ⣬Ͼֱ߻йҪã˾׼ȥҲװ׵ˮԼأͼģ˵Ҳ÷õΪĹߡ
ǰʲôͱķ
Ҷĸҿڴţʥ£Ȼ˰취ɽϡŹֵķ֪٣һıͣӦòǺѧɣοҲøı̫࣬ǵ׶ߣͬʱһҲˡ
ԱĳӴû꣬Ƶ˺ﳤϣͨɣҪļ򵥲۶ˡ
޾һ㶣Ҳû뵽ҶĻôһ⣬ǷǳʹĻشУȽϳıǷأͨ޵ߴһαɱǱɸҲǲܡֻͨΪ鷳һʱ̾ɵġ
ҲףҶĻἱææ϶żҪʩչͨȻûмҪҲǲɣʹ׿֮ҲҪչؿһɡ
Ҷһ̷̫ͨ鷳ҲҪôǿģľУ
޾ԾץץͷԴƬ̺ͻȻЦٺٵĵʵҲŲͨշ˲ɢɫ⣬а֣Ҷ߷ŷӦòɣ
ȻзŷǰҲǲͬǷͨȫǰҲһɣҹҶĿɲԼԶãûйһؾͳɷľ
޾ʱǲżʵϵһŶͨҶȤҲ޷
Ҷһ㶣ͻȻ𵱳޾˵ҪԼΪͽ͵ʱ˵Źˣʲô«߾ɣ
ŶԭҶŻǵãǸã
ðҶİһʱԼӺϵһо֪ѧȥ˶ټգԼѧͨҲ㲻ʲôŷڿûٹ򣬱̾ɣ
޾ͷҪ˵ҲҶŵΪŲѲ㣬ֻҪţǵһֻҪܹʩչЩҶŵҪˡˣҶҪ󣿡
߰ɡҪ׳
޾һȡԱһҽУ֣ӢԹ´鷳ϱҵȣȻ˸߲ҵĵ߲ʲôҶǺúϰʮ׸ҲѰ쵽ȰһĿھ
Ҷı죬Ŵ޾Ǳ߽ھҲ֪޾ʲôţ֣Ӣڴ޾ԱߣȴҲֻܿλǰ촽ͣԼʲôҲ
һӣ޾ŵЩſھֻҪⲿ֣ߵ㲻ʲô
Ҷĵ˵ͷմ޾˵ķʹͻȻһ΢⣬һǣ͵ı׳һȦҶͻȻصùһԭʹþǴ޾ĺ«߾
ֻǿʹһУûԼͿƲסˣҶȴûǣʱоԼͱһȦҲֻ֡ȴԭˡ
ţִֻ޾«߾һһ֣Ҳһ֣ʮɵľҲǲܣ
ȵΪ󣬱ɿ磬󣿱Ͳ䣬ȴ͵ıʮ׷ԲСһգܶܲˣмܹмܵס
˵˴ϵʿͻȻٺһЦзµʱҲġ
ҶһߣԱߵ֣Ӣȴ˫۷Ź⡣
ûӦ޾ֻҶ飬Цּ۷壬ɱͲ䣬ֱӱʱ´һ飬Եǿᣬİ˾Ҳǲضã
ⷬ˵ľͺܰˣҶҲһϸ룬«ɴ޾ȻɽʢȻмֶεģܹ湦Ҳʲô¡
Ҷ˴ҲȤ׷˾䣺⻹ֻǵһúʲôϡ棿
޾󣬾ȻҡͷҪ˵ϵ«߾ÿһһͨڶȴרͫ˫Ҷſɻǵõƾһ˫ͫſɿԶϵҲֶƼԶ
ŶҶһ룬մ޾˫ͫгɫâһһȻģҲǿԶ
ô˵ڶǧۺ˳
ôеϤأ
޾ֻ֪ǾֱԼ񹦣ϸԱһ˵ͣˣ˫ۿɿһлþ˫ۣǻ˵һˣ
ͬʱĳЩ֮Ҳ˫ΣԸ⣬ʹֱճԭ

ţɡЮˣ޾˵ͷǾҶǡʵŷʱȷοһЩá
ȴǴԽ棬ʵһศɵģֻеɣһܴɡ
ȵȡҶԴһνĺ«߾ôˣⲻһ«Сû߸ͽһ˴һȻųƺ«ް
޾ٺһ֣ⲻհѵһ𣿡
Ҷģ


102 Ա
ͨѶҶϣҶûмʹ޾ԼǲǳΪĳϲ챳ģͷ϶С«ƬҶӵɵСϼȥ
Ǻܺνĺ«߾漸ֻʲôӵģմ޾ݣ޷ǾǲˮԼˮҶĵǺ´޾ǷӵʲôرˮȴͷһٺٻЦ˹ȥ
ûͬʱҲôϡ棬ΨһþǱΡοһرֻҪ£̫Ͼ߷Ҳ뿴ҵΡ
ҶĶǺȤģϧ޾һ䣺ϧ⹦ԴҴ֮󣬱ұҲ޷۷壡
һ仰ˣЩֻԤϵЧɺ᲻ˣ˭Ҳ˵ΰҵɵҪ浽Ǹ̶ȣƺҲûбҪλ˰ɣ
ߣ
ҶĺôһԼҪѧ˼ŹҲͲý⻰˵ˡ
ڵ߾޾ȴտڲ̸ֻ˵˾䣺ϵɱУײʾˡ
һ仰ͶסҶĵѯʣϾҶĲĵӡӣϵվսʱҲǿߵģҶѯµһһЩҪ֮󣬾ͽͨ
̽ջؽָУҶı˫ۣĬͬʱմ޾ķڵĸֻоľ籬ըһ㲻ϵͣƵеġ
ŲˣҶľͣ¶Ȼ˫۵ͷһơ
üһȻڲ֪ǵôߣҶֻԼľԭ⹬񷶥ҲӽһЩҲ⹬Ŀռ㹻ݶҲߣǰԼסСԼͶˡ
̫˵㣡
΢񣬽ǵ΢ɢȥ˵㣬ҶĿԼйһСָоʵ˵϶ôá
ȵòˣҶͣסٴδһΡ
ʱԼĪжһ㣬һ׳˶ļеԶʾĽʲһϲеŮΪ֮С
ʱҶľ˹վһҲ·磬ʱȺ˹Ҫ׳һСȦ
˸ͣҶĺٺһЦҲ͵ʱ򣡡
ΪһˣҲ㽹Լӵһ׳˶ļ⣬ΪһݳҪţУֻ뷨ôᶨԼĻܻһܹӦ
Ǵ޾̸ź«߾ǽķգԺ뵱׳оͿԱ׳У׳е˾ͿԻָԭ״ޱߣ
Ժʱע·
ղȻ¿ɶûгҲһ㣬˸ղһα仯ҲżƲˣ˽վÿΧûˣ򶨻ὫҶĵĳֲȺõļһ
ͷƣҶĺٺЦЦִ֮ӽָȡһһ̿㣬·һӲ࣬ǴϺͻᱻԳ͵Ĳʣı˼ȦҶҲֵܴԼѵ·ˣָȻв·Կ϶ǣʱһҲϡ
ҽҲӦıֻܴ࣬ţֻҪ¿ͿԣΪԾͰһ׵װ
ô·ȴҶһðΪǣ½࣬ҶĶ岢ôӦŹˣҪĲٿֿͻȻ౶ģҲҪʱĶУǴ޾ͿĿԼǺˣĻܷӳʵǵȷƵϿֲ
ÿҶһֱóٿʱȻе㲻ӦҲֳʲôЦһʼʱСĽһĸ֮⣬Ķ˳ͬʱ·ʱȻ䲽أڵϻܷ죬ûн̤һ
˳ǻƽһ΢е͵ҶĽ⻪Ӹ˸ݣҶһεͬʱǽⱬĽţƽʥѾзɳҶĵǰֽΪֱӴҶĵϡ
װ֮ԼǸͽشͬţƽʥ¾ȻɢһϲãȻʥ²˵ҲͨԼ飬֮ϳȼŵĽɫȴҶܹѵʥµ˼
ҵʵʥ¸еܿģ
ҶԱƥ˹ʵƽʥµȷǻƽʥµˣţʥ»ıҲʲô顣
ҶľȵǣԼʥ´׵֮󣬾ȻƾմԼһǲ֪ǴðˣԼ׵ķ϶Ȼ󼸺һֱŸλãԼ󱳶ڸסˡ
·绹ĶǶˣǻƮԵüΪ磺շ˹˹ǸһﻹŪôƥ˹Щˣ˧ȻǼΪóģ
ܻƽʥµʱûнҲȥôȻǺշ˹˹Լϵˡ
ãʵŵȳģΪ磬粻װεģЩϣҲǵλΪ͹ԳƽʥʿʥеĳߣŵҪƽʥʿڴʥµʱҪ硪ƽʥ±ȽȫףҲܺʡ
Ϊ飬ʮ׻ƽʥгΪһѴԼϹ޷֮⣬ʮ׻ƽʥ¶ܣڴ֮󣬻󲱾λõķ϶һɫ硣
ﴩʥ˼ҶĽӦԼʥµ̬֮˳ֽǱԼһӵĻƽһ࣬ȻԼͷժһӣ̤ľȥ
ʱα߱׳λҲ˲֪ΣٴϽţĻƽʥ£·ȻڵضɽҡҲƾˡ
˻û֣иŵļ˾Ѿ˳ˣŵĳƽŲ֮ŵԳ˼ֺ֮ɫڴҶĴϽţƽʥµģ
һԶţоԼĶӺͲѾôʹˣһ䣺ʦôȥôãǰѽţʥ¸»¯˰ɣ
²ʵҲõֻͬûпӦͰˡ
ŵʵҲôģϾƽʥҶƳģҪ˵ȫ죬λǻŮһͲšοҶĵͺ˵˹ת֮ҪʥͿԵ֪λҶڶҲмֶΡ
Ϳ֤ҶĵȷصļգԽţʥ΢޸޸ģʺԼҲǲܵ顣
´ֳƵĽŲǺнţơ
Ѱ˼ţͻȻǰһҫ۵ĹâƬøУ޴ĹԴ˶ԾĽ۾һУӦһŽͻȻֵ˶ɫݡ
ҶҲǳʱȥһֱȼŵС棨ʥµģҶĵģ¶Լģ
ۣ洩ˣ
ϣţƽʥ»нЧ𣿾ȻʦݳԣǱݳŵ׳У
ŵȶҶĵı仯ΪΪҶǰѺ˹˹׻ƽʥ£ǲûͷ¶ԼͷɫĳȴŸǰ׳ʵеŵ˾ǰǸĶˡ
Խǰ˼ŵƺҪҶǲʲôֵķŻı仯ʵһʼͻҶʹʲôϵķҲ˵ԼĲǸҶɻԭģ
ϧǣִҶǴ׳ֱϵʱĸоĵֱ̺ĿֱֲըļҪһжɲһܹĳġ
áǿ
ҶΪøӸߴ׳ʵԭҲ΢е仯ԵøӸӲһͷڷҲûŷڣɢ˿ôȻĴԺ
°ͣҶԵе⣬˭ЩһղŻԼȻ޷׽ţʥ´Ӧеģ
¿˿Լ˽ӽһ׵ŵȣҶľȻһüĸоָоԼеĪôСһĪʲô«߾иã
һֵƸ޾񹦷ƺһܲѡȻҶľİõͦԼ׳ƾ⼸ΧԼһ̾
ֻῴ˿֮󣬷۾˵˾䣺û뵽ʦֹҲôʣ⣡Ϊֻйʦֲʺأ

λҶĵ͵һͣһԵһȣ²ͣĴԼʦ㡣
ôĿ΢΢һת絶ɱ͵ԱһȻŸҽԼⶪԭʦһڣ
ֻʵ¿ˣԼİ޹أ
һ˵ţȴŵȾȻҶǴ׳˲֪ٵ£ȻȻ¶һΪЦݣҺϲ̫ˣ

ҶĲ˵ֻһΣԶȴһȣһŵģǺܿ¶һȻ֮ɫ漴ճȭͷִԼ֣ԭѹϲңҾȻ˶Ůϵľ޴ˣ
ͱһʹ־ᣬ˫ֲͣԼԴֹţѵҲҪӲҲϲӵأ漴ҡͷԣӦϲ֣˵ǸһǰҲּС
ῴ˿﷢񾭵أתۿ¼ӷƣСèҲڿһһèȻͬʱ̾˿һ⺢ûˡı顣
ҶĿΧԼתͣԼŵȣε˵˾䣺ǡ𣿡
λеʧ̬ǻŮͣԼĽŲţǻǳɣֻǰûλŮȻ˵˾䣺еˣҲڰƥ˹ɽϲһõѡ񣿡
һ仰ûҶͣ½ŲӸһЩʱӵе˫׳ȣ󲽼ͽ˦˺óһξ롣
һţ֪ʲôȥ˵깫Ҳǡûֻǵͷ·깫ûע⵽ӭҶģЩײÿΪǲףʱ̼ʱͣ˸ԵĽŲ
Ҷģ깫ıҪʶˣ
ΪǺĳƥ˹ɽϵײϣһ̧ͷ۵Ľ⣬׽ɫʥʵ̫˵ˡ
ע⵽Ƭɫδ̫Щ΢˺һŽǰǽһļһ￴˸ע⵽ߴһ࣬͹һļһﾹȻһǳòʱ򣬾͸ˡ
Ҷţ
깫ҲǼ˵Ժܿϳǰޡ˭ԵúܾȣϾʿһ̶ȺûбҪײıԼò
Ҷӡ
ϸϸѯʣͼŵ̤ŵĲ˳Ŀһ깫˵˾䣺ʲô·˵ɣһҲҪһȥ
ң깫ԼǱŵ˺ģô˵λŮҪԼȥҲûƴǣֱӾʣҪʲô
ʥ򣡡


103 ʸ֮
Ա
깫һͷˮͱŵȸ˰ƥ˹ɽͷ룬ŵֱӳŵͷУŮÿҲᶨʱȥͷʳԼȻǼڰƥ˹ɽϵסϾǾȥʥסҲֻʱԵġ
޵ģҶóСǶûʲô̫İ
ڣ󲿷СĶʿΪɵĶһ˻Ҫ̣ɽ˵ʱȵϵҪǿ࣬޷ıСһֽŰĹһʡ
İ취ҶĵȻУͲüӷˣִܽӸ׳ƥ˹սķģοǰƥ˹Ҳϣͨķӵܹʵʽ
ֻмٵпһ磬С޲Լϵȱ̤һΡĸʥʿһ㣬ôǾ̤ˣʱʵ൱һ
ֿԵ͵˿ԺԲƣҶĻǰƥ˹񶼲Ϊܹһ㡣
ονʥսһϷ񿴵ĿЩʥʿҲǵʹŵȻǹ˹뷽跨ЩʵǿʥʿϷоܸ̫Ļȥǿ
һϷȻȥµһʿȻ˵ѭȥ
ȻҶҲûпǵǸ͵ԺԲƵĿһ㣬Ͼʲôȱǲȱţģı̬Ҳʶ˲ˣԼǿԼֻͣҪǾԲܣҶĶ뿼һ
տǵĽǣĳ˲ţɲܻΪƥ˹ƥ˹Ͽÿͣڱǵ̶ȱȸáߵк˹ֻҪ⡣
һ㣬ֻҪƥ˹ĹɾͿ֪ˡаƥ˹ѪԵϵƥ˹ɽϸһ˽լۡҲ˵һʽ壬Ĵڿܻȫ˵ĴڳΪһԱ
ҶԶ磬ƥ˹ͬȼǿڣҲܽܣοһǵڲϡӵķˣ
ˣһƥ˹ƱҪдѹһ֣ͻϾɫΪƥ˹֮һĿܣп˶԰ƥ˹ı
⡭Ҷĵ棬СʥʿпְֿܳܵĴڣҶľ⣬бҪĻҲ͵͵İǸ֪ǵù˵ļһ
һʥսڼʼ£ҶҲʥʮ꣬ʱ˵Ǻ̵ܶһʱ䣬֮ҶĻҪصƥ˹ɽȥġ
ŵȵǺҶıͲǰƥ˹ɽһ㣬ҲΪԶˣǱʲôĿƬؽ磬ǼȻˣôͲ׵뿪ˡ
֮ڼжŸͬ뷨£ҶļŽŵȵķ֮󣬿ǽȺɽеĽȺ
ô
ͣס˳ܣеĳìңңָһӵһΰĽȺȻֻһЩΣʥ򣡡
Ҷһߴͬʱһ߸еȣƥ˹ƬؽеȷֲŵֻǷһͣʱ䶼ûйȥãȺͽѾʥ޽ĳ߳ˡ
ѾȷһµķΧλҲȷӸ߿Ͽȥ徿жٵŬĽЩ˵ǲɵĺΰ
ûκԶʩֻܿһЩ򵥵ĹԼЩѶȿ֪ʥһƬɽУȻɽƲߣεĸȴʩ˸ѡ
һеһж޷ֹȺ˲ͣĽϵĹڷѹեԼÿһЩɵԼá
ӶҾĹڶʱɣҶתۿŵȣ˵ʥû޽ɣʥսôʹɣ
ȣʥҪɣҲҪʮʱ䣬ǽЩһµҲ֪Ҫȥꡣ
Ҳ˵һ˳ʥսҲڼʮܿʼ
ѾȲˣվѾ˳˯Լһֵʶת˼䵱С

Ҷû뵽˹ǸͯȻôӣԭҪ˹Լ׼ʥأû뵽һԼԺᴩʥ¶ûȥƣֱӾתˣѾ޷ܰƥ˹ɽĵˣԸɴһ˯𣬽ʥսһΣȻۺҲܺúõĻζһ
ŵҲΪΣԣʥĽʥʿѵҪͬʱˣ
ԭļƻУŵöʮʮʱ޽ʥȻʮʮʱһʥʿҲ˵ҪʮҲҪʮŻῪʼһεʥս˹ǸһﵹǲõԼӪĽ⣬ڤûУͶԣ
˵˹רֿһ޾ͶЩǰóļһͨͨϵǸȥзޱȵĹݾ޽ڤʿĴӪ
ŵĹ˻ҪʵϢʱԼԺ˹ȫҪЩ⣬ԽҲǼ죬ŵǳ߳Σ˵˹Ѿ˴µģˡ
ҶЩĻ˽ȨȻ̶ֳȣҶĲɵЩڤ˵˼롣
ԺҲҪصƥ˹ɽ˯״̬УҷֳһʶתΪ˼ĴˣֻҪ൱ʱӦҵһʼʱֻһͨŮ࣬Ҫһػ߱ʲô⣡
ŵȽĿתҶĵϣԺһ͵ķʽʥи޽ˣݽʥеһƽʥʿһʥʿҲڤսսԱ
Ȼָָ깫Ҫʥڲã
ǽ̻ʣ
һ·ϣµҶѾ깫˵ˣʥĹҲλ꽫һ飬ʱѾ֪ʥͳǽ̻ʣʱŻӦ
û뵽ŵֻǹһЦҡҡͷ˽̻֮⣬ڲ㽫ӵߵľȨڼƽʥʿƽƽģ
깫һˣ˵˾һܼңǵŴеڸܹܡֱ׵Ǹ̫࣡
ɫǺܺÿ깫ֻűˣŲ½ӵϡȴ⣬ǵ˽̻ʵɵҶԼĻǸ׳ʲô˵ķŭ
أ
ҶָָԼӣػ˵Ѿڶ˵ʥʿĿǰҪľǼԼʵˣܲΪ˵ӵһȺõЩķ˶򲻹ɣҲ̫Щ
ĿǰʥһʥʿûУֱӰռһʥʿλãҲ˵ʲô
ϧҶĶ̫ˣɲŵͰѺܲӳȥˣĻô˸һ޽ʥ
ᡭӦʲôڽʥأ
Ӿ˵ʦŮһ߹Ļƽʥʿ߸һŮƺʲôֵɣ
ڵҲ˵ͨҶĵ˵ͷҲͱʾͬȻŵȵĿʥһֱ޽ŮŮϷŵʩչ˸˵ξȥȻҶļ˸֮һͷǾ޴ĵ
ŮնһȺ˾ģͷʱעŮͻȻʲôͽ¡
ÿŵȷͣǽԼװŪҲԳЩǰ׽ģܵҲñֳһЩԺ˭Լ
ҶĿŵõװŪΪʲôǷҵӻԼٶϲַʽԼĴڣչ黹еġ
ʱŵȣǶһȺǰͷ˵ʲôڤԼаŸյٶȱԤеҪ죬ʥսܿҪǰչʥ޽ӿ죬ͬʱʥʿѡԼѵҲҪճ̣
һõ¹ŵļϼ˾ɫôÿһλߣŵȵҲҲͷһĵ֮ɫȻ΢΢̧ͷŵȵŮ£ʥ޽ǻ취˵ѡԼѵʥʿϣһͷûУϣŮܹһЩȷָʾ
ȷȻ˵㣬鷳˵չ黹Χڵ飬ʥʿҪ漰ķͲһܹͨˡ
ŵȻô˵ȻΪ˺潫Ҷļϼ˾һڣŵȾǲٻ˵õģҲ֪ٵѣǽ⣡
Ҷ仰ٺһЦԵļ˵˾䣺ǳˣ
ȻŵȾͰ˵һѣܽʵǼ仰飺ҸһˣңԶĶںܶ鶼֣ǽʥ޽ʱĸѣ
֮⣬һƽʥʿҲΪ߼ʥʿЩʱΪʥս׼ǴʥʥѡԼʥʿԵֵаڤסƬء
һͷһʹжһ߿޽ŵŮ̶ϵҶһ񺮡
ڴʱǼ˸оԼһâסͬʱŵȵȥվҵĵǰͿˣ
ԭһŹâûʲôرãҪ˵ΨһҲ⼸˱һ۰ˡ
ڵϵһڼ˾鲻Խ˫ۣȵâɢȥ֮ԭһ˵ĵطƾն˼ˡ
ŵŮղžѾͣԼ˾֪⼸˾ŵŮղ˵ˡ
Žɫ׵˾ǻƽʥʿ𣿡
øߴ󣬺ǿ׳һǿߣĶʿʥǾͲõаڤˣ
Ǹе𣿶ϱŵɣʥʿǲ𣿡
Щеӵͨ˾վǰǸϼ˾֪ĸһЩֻǴ˿¼֮󣬾;ֱҶԼصǰ΢΢ʩһ񣺡𾴵ĽţԼƽʥʿˣӭʥ򣡡
ʥУһЩ֪ʥʿģֻ֪ޡϼ˾֪ţǻƽʥʿĶʿĹǿģǳŮ֮⣬ΨһȨǷʥʿʹرڣͬʱ縺ʥǷְ
λӦǻƽʥʿбȽĴˣȷ⣬ţϼ˾Ȼʥдһ󣬶ŵҲѾмʮ꣬ɶλŮʥʿӦеĹ
λ˰ɣ
깫ϼ˾УҪ࣬ôҲŮģ˵ҲȽϿչû깫з쭵Ļᡣ
˵Ҷʥ˵ĵһμ滹ֲֻֿ֣ûг̫ãһƻҶ⻹㲻ľŵȡ
⣬Ҳת֮ϣҵʥʿǲսͬڤ֣أŵȵĻЩɿԣһŵŮļǼѣһ仰ҶĳΪʸ֮ģҵҵתʽţͿˣ


104 
ҶںֱӻͷȻǸŮһĻذƥ˹ɽȥ
ʲôңô֪
ŵȵҶĵԺҲǰƥ˹ɽյرܣƵãǲҪñԼĳ֮˽ܻ£շ˹˹⼸׻ƽʥµʱ֮ϵֻҪ㴩׻ƽʥ£ôҪҵҵת岢һѵ飡
ʲô˼ͲܸɴֱӸȥתͺˣҶĺ鷳ģȻŵ˵ƽʥ»ָʾȥϣһ㡣
οлƽʥָʾ׻ҪĴѰҲǣûǸй򵽴һΡ˵æּëƤСҪ˷ôʱ䣬ˬ
Ȥ
Ҷĸľ籾ŵȵת岢ήĳ˼ҵУֱӤ̬վĵطҲŵŮǰ
õ͵Ľ̻ʻǰغȻ󿴵Ӥ֮ͻᱧȥ丧󣬲ҽ̵һЩص֪ʶԼǡʵЩ鼸ûʲôҪΪŽɳ彥ͣŵȵʶͻὥѣճƿ塣
仰˵ŮڳɳĹγԼ˸Ҳŵȵļ֮ȡûбҪĽרŵ̵
ǵ屾ŵȽģԻҲ޿ɺǣ¿ŵȵ˼׼ֱתͨ˼ˣ
ûпǹĳЩ˺ܲƽŵô͵ڰĳ˵Ȼռ˵壬ȻҶĵҲ࣬ҶĵʱǼһ֮˵ʬҲûôฺС
ŵҪİһճȨȻ֪ƥ˹ûͨ˵¹
ȻҶҲûʸȥȺƥ˹񣬱ϾⳡϷȡֵĵӻģڵͺҶһֽ˿ɰ˿飬һ߻Ĩ˵ÿ
ֱֻɱһҶĻãЩ˻лȥϣġԼ㲢һˣ
ûңôһҲܵõһӣŵȺһΰһõ˺Ҳζ˾ͻõҸ
һĪĻŵȵ΢ʧŮѾ뿪ʥ
˶ԻҶĻͷֿһ۸ߴＸʮ׵ľ޴񣬰һڣͻ鷳
תͷ֮󣬴˾Ų˰߲޵Ҷĵһ鶯ͷ·ʱҪ̴ӲΪһֱܹ΢΢ǷվԼǰ
ʱҶĲȫ׵Ļƽʥ£ȫڽɫ֮ڣͬʱŽţͷͷݵЧֻܿ°ʵҲƻĴڣԶǹº͵΢Цı顣
뿪ɣȻ˵˵Ŀǰʥûʲôʵģʥʿˣ
˿ΧԵ⼸ԶΨԼհôҲûҪ飬ֱӾͽӹ˴Ȩǡ
ϼ˾ĿתԼҶھ˵һ䣺ҵŮ
һڣȺȻصĺܺãӲҶĿ˾¶һԭˣĻ飬漴ͲٽĿͣˣֻƺʲôѶϢ
Ⱥһ
֪һЩΪͨˣﾭһЩȽ飬û뵽ŵȾѡԼ齨ʥȺ˾ҲĴڣҴӸղһ˲ͿԵּ֪һȻռʥ߲еĴ󲿷ϯλ
ôһṦҶѾ֪ʥĿǰĹɡ
ԭŵȽ֮һֱŵΪҪļֱӽļ˾ǸʥĽ죬ЩǳǮ˲ܹô̵ʱôơ
ЩӸλļ˾ԭҵĵλһ֮Ҳ˶٣ԼһĶֵٲȻһʵۣ
Ҫ÷Ҫ꣬ʥĽǵҲǺܿġԭΪͼ
ܹΪԼȡ֮⣬ܹˮϾΪŵȵͶʥʽһ൱ֲ֣ǶҪȥ̣һȶһ˾̾Ŀˡ
ңľ׳ūҲۼһʿ͹۵ĲƲǵʥɺǹϷֻ˵ֱӽһЩòϵūõгϷ⡣
ϧŵҲǰ׳գһʼͱ̻֮λɳʹѡ񣬶Ⱥ¸ءļѡһǶе˼ɡ
ʥĹ㣬վ۷ľǴ˾жʮ˾ɵһ˾ʥ
ԭΪʥͳߵĽ̻һλţŵȻȷʾʥһЩҪŶɻƽʥʿΡ͵Ʒٺְܹܵ
ֱ죬һԼǣҪ˵ȺʹûеԹҲǲܵģδЩҪҶĺ깫ֶˡ
Ҷı֤깫
ò˵ŵǸŮѡһǳʵˣ깫һǸϸĴƣ
ɴ˾·ҶƽУءᡢ깫ˣһڼ˾ǡ
ŵȵĵڵƽ̨ŮȻǰǽ̻ʵֻеػͬʱ˼׳ľζûУɿԿڽ֮Ƕôΰ׳ۡ
˾˫ǵ˫۲Ծ⹬ͣ˲䣬ҶȻ˵Ҳû˵ʲôֻǰһŵȸҰ˸£
عͷһƣ깫һȻѾȺ˾յһ٩٩΢ϸһҶľע⵽깫ЩȻпղű߼ʣȴЩ˲֪佫ʥ˸͸ȻҲпȺһй¶깫֪ڹλ˵ġ
ΣҶľûȤ֪ˣЩĶǵ깫ȥİɣûҪͽȥ
Ͼ˲óЩ飬οҲϲ飡Ҫôһ仰ԸȥҪôհ죬ҪôֱɱӺ
ʱֺαطЩ
깫һеģȥɣмʮĹˣʥսʼǰϴ
ӽ̻ʵһۼͷĽݾͳҶĵ˵ǰ˾˿ݵʱ׷¶һɫȻһȺվƬƽ̨䴦һȺ׳ԥԥ
ҶıǰȥȺ˵ʱҲע⵽һȺˡ
Ⱥ׳˸һ׳˶ļ⣬Ҳһ׾£ȫֻһǺܴĲϣϲһ˫ƽЬһЬӣ֮ϾûбĶˡ
Լÿ˸мͻڷһ̧һĶҶתͷٿȺ˾ͣĽĿЩԼԼ߮̾ȺϹʲôˡ
Ⱥ壬ҪĽݣţûſˣҪŮǸǼɵΨһĽ;˰æȺ׳ĺӣƾȺ˵ġηˡ
٣
ҶҲֻ̧ߣҪȺ˾ôѡ񡪡ǿҶֱߣӲͷƤһأǲֱܲϽӣһѡ񣬶Ǿˡ
ȵҶĲڼͷĽϵʱɸλϼ˾ͷм־ϣҶİɶûкȻһ㶼ûԥֱӾ͸
Ⱥ˾û־ˣʮĸ˾Уа˾˽ӣȻһ¿ˮ̵ͷ˽ӸҶĵ˵
ͬʱµ֮ôܵķŶҶ˵˾䣺ʦֻʮŸӣ
ҶûпֻԹԵţҲףʮŸӣԵϼ˾϶һʣʮ˸Ƕʮĸ˾õõģô˵ЩˣǱȽǿ׳ģƾԼŮ
ԣŮп϶м˾أҲ˵м廹㽡ˣ
һ·ţȻһɵģӻûϵʮ߹ӹʱҶĻ˵˾䣺ԺҪסˡ
ݶûеӹؿЦһʲôҲû˵Եϼ˾廰λ˵ľӴѾźˣЩ֮ǰݾɽ°ɣ
һһҶߵѾǼˡ
ҶĿûаô˵˼̤ǰߣȵɽµʱʮŸʮ˸ˣΨһŵǸӦþλѾҪϼ˾
ͷӡҲȫȻõķ
˳һģһͽϼ˾ڣͷֻûһɣһȺůԼת˼Ȧ֮оԼֻ˹ȻûʲôҲղǰһˡ
ֻһ֣ͽϼ˾Ϊ̾ĵһŮʹߣֻյİɣĪλǰƥ˹ɽϵĳλ
ôһ룬͸Լһֱֵͬʱбʮ˸ûмĴʹ˶ڲУȴӣֱǴĲȼɭϵʥУֱӽȫɱҲӦ顣
ҶĻûôɱԣֻǵɫļһѾͿ˲ϼ˾Ҷһ֮ͱɫҲƽ˹ǻ׷ʲôͰ׻ˣȻ˴˾һ㶮ô񣡡֮Ͳˡ
̤ΪǰźõĹҶûȥȺ˾飬ȵϵʱϼ˾רŹһˣֻ˵˾䣺ЩѾصӦûȥĵطˣ
Ҷû˵ֻֽһֱԴϵͷһժ¶˴Ϊͬòϼ˾۵һ˿̵֮ͷȨʲôҲû
죬ʥҪʽѡʥʿɣʥĽ졭ڱ֤£ܼӿٶȾͼӿٶȣܾôأʥʿѵʼ󣬽ٶȻ
ϼ˾е֣ʥʿѵʥĽʲôϵ
ҶĵǸһ£һѵеʥʿͿԶԽһ˺ϱʯɽϣȵʥʿѵ죬ôЩͷ۵ľ޴ʯϣ鷳𣿡
һ仰ϼ˾еĹؼͬʱҲʥʿӵеĿؼһǣʥʿͨ࣬ǰֵЩӵѪͳİӢۡ
ʥʿѡγѵύһȥѰŮתʱʥĴСͽ㴦ˡ˻Э㣡
˵ʱȡһŻʲôֽϼ˾ȻûпλǴȡֽûȥѯʡ
ֽʽһļԼߣ˾͸ȥ
ϣһסȫ׵ĽߣһͻͷԼһԴпסȫλĺؼס
һҶĸ깫ƵװˣһǿԱظУסǲͬڴ˵˵ò
깫ԴҲû壬οΪͥ񽫣ƥ˹򹤵ȷе㶪ˣסòҲ˼
Եȵڶ죬ڶǿ׳˿һȺνŮʹߵʱ򣬳֮⣬Ȼûһ¶Լòġ
ΪˣһЩŵŮ˲ֹѵʹǼ˵ģ


105 
ŵһȺžηӡȵϡŹĿˣҶͻȻԼһֳ˴Ƶĸо
һ仰Ůǰͺ̵ΪԼֶƣ
ȥתͷ깫˵һ䣺ЩҲôóǽɣ
깫ҲƴǣȻɵƯҲ㲻ʲô¶ҲףֻнƯƯģԼпܻصͥУµõԼӦеȨ
ò˵깫Ŀڲŵȷǳףһڴ㯵깫ǱɿʵĽнĴһĨȣҶĶõսľǵ깫ҶӣʾֻҪܹŬôҲһԴŵλʵĻƽʥվʱԼδڴ˵˫ۼˡ
Ϊ˰壬Ϊ˱ֿļ԰Ϊ˱Լڴ֮ϵǧͬŬɣǣ
Ŷ
߾˫Լоۼǿ˳֮ȺꡢŮʽΪһͽʲôŵȵĿͽǳΪˡʥʿһְҵĿͽ
˵᲻еˣ
ҶĿȺ˲ͣĻԼΪʥʿ֮е깫ǲǸʲôӦýȺϴԳŵȵʵ߹Ŷ
깫ȴһӵĵҪɶûɶǸŮվǰҲλŮʲôøУԵջ֮ǳһЩͷȻٸǵõЩͷΪŵȣġǱĬĽŬĺô˵ǸŮ˴ģȻǲŻὥƨûɹŮ񣡲׳Լҳϡ
ȵʥս֮۾ͻὥıΪֻŵŮŻǴҸʥʿҲŵȴģֻŮܱءǸʱ㲻ٷϻҲϸʾˣ

Ҷ޻˵ϣⷽԼ깫׶԰ԺʿĲ࣬ȻܶףĻ޷ƾ輸仰Щ˳׷񡪡óʵԼס
ؼľǣ깫ǷȻҲᵽ˳ΪʥʿҪٵļѣǼһѪ̳ɵĵ֮·˵ЩķʽǽΪʥʿõľ޴ô꾡ģŵķʽȫλһ֮󣬼Щ˶ʥʿ֮󣬳ȺѪͷڿ״̬£˵ǽҪٵѡ
ҪǻҶģҶĻȽ˵ȻٸǿܻõĶȻصȥЩѣ깫ȴصô
ͿԵ֪˵ľ޴ˣֻҶĻĵ︹һ䣺д˿֪һмĵĺˣ
ƼȺ˽ϴԴҵҶҲ˳ֽʥʿѵƻд˳깫ءÿɻҶĵĽ̵˽˵ʱ
ƽһʱȥ۲Ⱥ˵ѵھָҲҪʥʿǰڵѵǵħһѵûκεļֻҪһͨԼӾˣȫҪָ
ֻһѵԼһ޵ļһܽܽһָǸʱֵĵسҶҲʱ佫СһЩ۸ء
ҪȥѧϰֻҪзʽҲͺˣ
ΪʲôҲصûʲôãοµޱǿСĸö˵͵ڲڡ
ͬʱڹͬʱҲڲͣԼǿȣһֱǱҲ˲֣С棬ôʵһأ
ΪڵļͻòҪһ۾Ƴڴʲô⣬ҶҲûʲôӻ߾ʲôֻǺƽĳһʵɾƽ֨ľľ
ؿҶǾԲ˵Ц֮̾ԼµǱϿôãҲǡþ顯ָ֮С˵Ҳֲ࣬ͬϵֳͻƺǺܶжϲõŶΡ
뵽ԼпΪͻը˶һ飺ʦӲͻȻɣ
ĿǰᣡҶصļѾҹҶĸոָӽУȻǿڵȴల£һЩʹʱ򻹻仰˵һǱʮܴﵽЧ
һֱĹ۲أҲҶһҶľȵǣղһȭͬʱȭͷƺԼһɷǳԵ֮ϸ۲ǹġ
ǲѾʼˣҲ֪ܷⲿױΪԼ
ɻ֪ʲôسһпж£ҶĻûиΪҶ׼ȵӵʵһ̶Ⱥٺ˵ҲҪ޵ҵľ˵
ǸʱʥսҲܽˣҪƴһѣǾ˳ȥǱ֮һʵ߾ͻɽչغúһʱͼıǱ֮
ǡЩϾΪʦ˳ư׽ʮƴڸˣҲʥ£
ľ®ɽԺ𣿡һεֹһ䣬ϧҶĸͲֻǶһ䣺úüסЩʽΪʦͽһΣܲɻҪԼܼסˣ
ģֲ·үү
ϧصıԹû˵꣬ǱҶѾʼʾƷˣֻ֮ϸ۲Ʒÿһÿһʽȡÿһ仯С
ҺýʮƲԱ仯ȡʤ仯Ȼٵȴӣÿһжޱȣֻʾ飬ԼһƷУҪòɣǾҪжôŬˡ
ɫ֮׿µһ͵ƷҶİ˼ƷǿԼԵ̴ʥսҲԱ֮ˣ
ͬʱڰչʦܣ˭Ҳ벻ʥгԼ֮⣬ʵǿĻǸߵԼţСŮ
Ǻųʥ֮һΪƽʥʿһͨǿˡ
֪ʵûжƵѪ
̵أҶת뿪⴦ɽȣʥ򲢲ԶµĽҲҪ˰СʱܻصʥСڽ⣬˭ƽʥʿˣĲͷˣ
ҶҲûмıҪһԵͷУһš
ȳҲԱһ󣬵ֻƬ̵ĹѾʥڡԶڱǳְļԼĸλǻ뻹ԶҶġ
룬»ȥҲû飬׼һٳģϾŵȵתȥңȥɴɡ
οǴʥҲ÷ȥҲǺõģôһҹĹ⾰ԸٻǹУת˸򣬾ֱһ˹ȥ
ʥڵλһɽУ߷һһҲַ羰续ĹȵأʱҶߵķһΪƽСԼҰڣسʱ䷢ֵġ
ϧǾʥ̫ˣҪѵأѱײԾԶЩ
ʱ𣬾ȥĥһЩʱ䣬ȵϻȥͿ뿪ʥˣȴû뵽һǸطһȭ֮ڼ仹ʱŻᷢĺ
ţˣ
ûͣ£΢˽ŲȿԼͦϲǴȵ֮Ҷ˳һ
ȵĿһΪŮӣȻĲȴƤѾѪȭͷ񴷴һ˶ߵľʯ
ŮӲԶվһкŮкű׼ߣһ͵Ư⣬ֻ⸱ģͿԸоĵ̺ıըԵ
кȴһľͷƵվһԣɵ㶵ĿǸŮӲͣĽŰһҪȴÿÿŮĺϡ
ѵһԱŮ
ҶĴʱվһʯͷ棬ڵʯͷ͵סǡԽ˫ִʯͷϣȻ֧Լ°ͿԶ顣
һֱվʮˣǸ˵ɯȥĻ˫ֻϵģбŷǳŨĹ֮⣬ûɣ˶ǸɯŮȻĳ뷨
ϧǸɯŮȴ˿飬ֻǵͺһ˹ҪϻҲŬôҺܿͻᱻ̭ģ
˵棬ɯŮĻƺһ˿һŮˣƴѵĻôʥʿѡп϶ȲЩˣֻܸƴпܳΪʥʿ
ΪʲôһҪΪʥʿҪ֪ʥʿΪ˱ڤսĶʿ˵˾һȺʿΪʥʿҲпսʥսСϣ㡭
˹ĻҶһȣ˵һˣ깫ϴҲôɹҶһ̭깫һߺǸɯôش
ˣ
صһȭ˾޴ʯϣһƵż޵Ѫɢ˹ҶĻһ۵ǹͷѿϸ΢˶޷
㶮ʲôڹ壬С󶼳Դж̴ͬļһʲô
ⷬҶе⣬ԭʥеʥʿгɷֻͦӵģȫΪĶһȺƴڣȻֹ
˹˵ˣֻ㶵ĿŰɯһֱɯ׼ٴλȭʱ˹ͻȻקס˰ɯֹȭĶ
ܿ죬Ҫ֪԰ɯȭٶȺͻȻԣҪô׼ȷץסԷҲҪǳǿӦٶԼ׼ȷԵġ
ЩҶĸеȣеȵǣ˹ղֵһ˲䣬ƺоСı
ܶݣݲ΢ļԲҶĵĻ˭Ҳ޷ղһ˲ı仯
С棿΢Уܾ˹˾ȻѾС棬Ҫ֪ʥʿѡβŸոտʼʥڲûпʼ̵С棬Ҳ˵ûӵС档
ҲǾԣʥѵڴ̼ﵽޣһзǳ͵ĸִ̼С桪ǽʥ֮󣬾ͻᱻŵȵǣָ¼֮оͽСɢ˳ȥ
Ļζ˹ˣпڶ̶ôѵо;ԼС棬ôҲζ˹ļһһ츳ʥʿ
ϸȥ۲죬˹ƺ˿ûвԼһ˲ȼС棬ֻǾĿ˿ɯѾѪȭͷ֮˵һ䣺ϵıѾõˣ°һΰɡ
Сӡ
ڴ˵ʲôҶһѪֻܸ̾һ䣺ҲľͷģСӱľˡ


106 
Ҷ˫ۣ°ѹԼֱϿԶˣǸаɯŮ㶵ľ֣˹ϲŵı²𿪣Ȼٴϸϸһá
ֻüͷƺҲʾеĵǣҶľԱ߿е˵ȥƣֱ̧źݺʯͷһţ¡һ졣˵ΪʥʿĺˣǸļһҲܲ״ˡ
ȻҶĿǰǿʯһƬĩͬʱҲ̰ڿǵע⵽һɫ׵Ҷĵʱͬʱ¶˾㵺޷ŵı顣
󡭡ˣ
ҶĸղѾͷˣԼԶҲʱα飺ΪʲôϢ
ûһڵԲˣֻҶĳֺͻȻԼ޻˵ֻ֮󣬹ȥ˿ɯֹ֣ͣõ಻죬˫־ͻ᳹׵ıϣ
ɯҧҧ촽ƺе㲻ģҪȴֲҡϾǰĿɲһĺʥߵĴ֮һǿ
˵ԵģֻŵͺǻĿףվԼǰɵƾսսҶ
ôԾҶĻڵͷĲ鿴ɯȭͷָѾˣ㻹ȥ𣿡
ɯ˵Ҷһǲĵı֪ϰ㣬ǲܳΪʥʿģ
ɯɲ˵һԵ˹żˣ˿κðɯϵ𣿡
ɯֹ˹Ļţôʱ䡭
԰ҶľԼҲţһҲ˶ʱ䣬ȻԼһѧûʲôӲ˵ϸĻֻҪ̼³´лͿùָٶȼӿ졣
һתĵѰ˼ŮƵʱһѪɫľͳϡ
ţǡ
ҶŰɯ˫ֱּ֣ͺȰСֻҪȫһֶֻֽץʱѪɫʩų˾ͿһźɫĹâ
Źâһֳĸо˫ڹ֮еİɯȻԼĹͷڷʲô仯ĸоԼѪģ˫澰ڸԼ˫ڻָһʵ
ǡ
ɯǰһޱ𾪣Ȼ֪ǰλŵŮʹųŮǿĴ֮һǿһƺϵȺţֿ˵˻ָƺ߱
Īǡλʹһλ
ɯĲ²⣬һԵ˹Ҳһ뷨ΪһЩҪȰɯ֪ĸϸ롣
ԭʥͳߵĶʮ˾еһԭĹǸʲôĻɫ˹֪ЩһʵǺŵļ˾۴ĲƣԶν˹ҲȱӦе𾴡
λΪʥʿĺ֮һҲļѡϣ˹ȥʥзչչпܵĻΪһ߼ְԱôǵļڹڵĵλҲпˮǴߡϾƥ˹ͳµһȨϵ硣
Ҫ˹Ϊô߼ֻʥһȽвĴڣǵļ˵Ҳһá
ԣǱʥ˹ŵûʲôøУ˷ڳνʥҲͬûкøС
νʹԭΪȺ϶ҳ˵ģǰһƺڸԼǰ뷨ȫǴġ
ɫĹâԼĪʮӵĹ⾰漴Ҷľͽ˿ѾͺЩĹСһ˫֣ҶĶԼղҽЧ⡪ɯԼ⼸Լ˫һ㵡
˻챦лѪһ㾢ѪԲǰƵѡ𣿡
ϸ룬һʼϼٵװĻ챦ȻƵЧ̰ƺеְ̫һЩ
Ѱ˼ԼЩʱԱߵ˹ͻȻ˵һü˶е㵵ĻΰĽţˣ֪ܼܲʶһ£Ļƽʥʿʲôʵ
ŶҶû뵽˾Ȼͦеɫͨ˾޷յ֮󣬻ɫ糣ĺԼ˵Ҫ󡪡ֵֻɫҶľˡ뿴ķģ
˹ۣȻһƺǹ֮˵˵ţôǼʶʶһ´ǿɣ
ҶĵҲ˵˸ղŰɯǿʯǰڰɯǰԵþ޴ޱȵʯ飬ڴʱҶǰԵûôˣǱôࡣ
Ʒھʯ棬ҶĻ˵һ䣺ҪΪʥʿ˵Ľ˼¾ͿԵģ뻹һӵеֻʥʿǲпڤĴ⣡
С𣿡
˹ȷҪȰɯ֪ĶһЩɯھҶĵĻ˼Ǿһʱ˹Ѿ˵˴𰸡
Ͳ˹˲ͬҶĵ˵ͷž޴ƽǵͷ΢ɲĶ˶ÿ˽еעҶϣ濴С桭ĳܲһ㰡
Ҷ˹˸òĳҵʲôİɣ֪ǲ̫˵㣿˵ЩִѾൽ̶ֳȣҪ׼й¶ȥֵļ˾֪
˹ûд𻰣ֻǾĿҶģƺڴҶĽıݡҶҲûڴĻش˵Ǿ仰֮תӣǿʯȻ˫̧Ǿ޴ʯ顣
Сô£¾ͲϸĽˣԺȻлѧϰڣֻչʾһС
ҶĵĻ𣬱ҹɫ¾Եú۵Ļƽʥ¶Ȼ¸ǽɫ뵣ʱţɫԽĳң˼ӺҶ˼һŽɫĻ棬ȼŵС潫һƬնӳյһ
ɯ˹ҶĵСȼһ˲䣬ͲԾȥС汬ʱɢǿԼ۵Ĺ˶޷ܣɼˣûƿĿ⣬Ž˰ԭصҶġ
ٴʹģС棬ҶԴ˼ȴʹʲôԳţ
ưĽǿ϶У
ֻʽҲʾģ־ҪοһеľҲܹͨĳġ
˵չʾĻʮΪʣҶ׼һгΪԼʩչĻδԼͽܷɡϾʮһ̫һЩ׾ͱֱ
ȥԼȻûкʵֻ֮һǰٻóǲʹùûкʵġҶôС棬ʵϵԭʵΪҪôѾ
ôһ룬һУһϲͬʱֱŵ˫΢΢һþ΢ֿһЩ
ƽĵӲ˫ŻĹǼӲʯҶĵĽ¾鶹һûκε谭
һֱƽǰ˫͵һ˰ͦҶĿиǱһŭ𣬶һ˲䣬˹ǰɯһŽɫпһͷŭĹţһͷǰĹɵͼֻΪͼһţ˶ΪԼǿ˻þ
ȵ˻عʱ򣬾һ紵˼վסţǿͦ֮Ҷĸղվŵĵطɱ̳ţɼˣɿԿɢŽɫâľˡ
̳΢΢ɢȥ֮ڿǰʳİɯԼ˹ɵŴ죬ǰֲľþ޷
ԭҶǰǿʯѾʧȡ֮һһȻ֪೤ĹȻһۿͷĳȣ˸еֲ˾ȵǣƬ֮ȻԶ˺ˮעˡ
ɯ˹һۣǻǵãˮԴҲа֮⣬ţ˵һȻôԶľ룿
ҶĿɲ֪˵뷨ֻǿԼСӰֹһչûϰǿֻܷ֮ӳôҾɢʮ׺ͼûʲôˡ
Ȼǰ˼ı׼ģֲֿͨϣֲҵҲɱһ֧ˣֻҶƺûбҪľӹȥ
˹˿ĭĵȴǿȻֻܹӵУΪͨ˵ԼĿ
ס˵˹ûע⵽ҶתԼǰȵԼһž޴Ӱס˵ʱͷԼߴǿ׳Ҷģˡ
һƺǰûʲôͬҶȴ˵еľ޴ǰ˹ƺΪ˵ʱȻ˹Ҳֻˡڣ˹֮⣬žԼ
طƺԸĸԸĳǿ£Ѳ֮ˣ
ŵͷ˹ҶҲûʲôСܵϷϾʥΪʥʿģǰ˹һǳʵѡ񣺡㣬ҲҪӵɣ
ǵģˣ˹ûأǳʹĳԼĵ뷨ڿǿ֮󣬿û˭ջ˵
ʣҶĶ˹ڸղһ˲ʩչСһӡ̣ҪʱԼĹѰһЩ츳ڵǱȻġŵСӣûпܻŹ
һɯ˵ʵ̫ˣʺϳΪһʥʿҶĵĻֱӽɯ˵һ԰׵ŮȭͷҧվԭػƺҪ˵ʲôȴʲôҲ˵
Ҷĸղչʾ˻˵㲻ʲôǶһͨ˵Ǽֱеľ󣬶Ҷչֳǿ׳ָ͹˰ɯϵȱݡ
ҲȫǾԵģҲҲῴۣڣһǰͿԸԸգ
һֱȽǿˣǵʲ㶥⣬ֻҪڿ죬ϳԿܻ࣬߳һԼ·ģҲֵĴ
ɯҶĺ仰ʱ򣬾Ȼ¶һԾı飬ҶԼҲеΣǲݵ̫ˣ
ǿȴڻȥʰʥſڵң
ǣˣ˺˻һۣչ鲻ʲôŶԡ
ҶҲûйȥھ͵ǽһʱ䣡ʱһ̵γΪһɫʥʿܲܳɹҪԼˣ
һ仰ޱȵ˷ܣ


107 
ˣҶҲǾһ˼ǵģ
ȣ϶Ҫ뿪ʥ൱һʱ䡪ǸŵȻ˵ƽʥ»תһЩƹһЧҶҵŵȵתڡ
˭֪ǸʲôӣҶĶ֪ǲʲôٿǵŵǸŮǰǰƣΪԼ׵ľͽŮӻʥС
ˣʱ޷ʥȻ޷ʥʿѡԼѵһ޷֤һʥʿսȻ˵˹϶ήŵӪߣʵ̫ıڤֱϼңôĲˬ˹Ϸȥ
ԣʥʿһʵҪı֤Լͽŵһ֮⣬ǶһЩʵսʿˡ
˭Լзǳɺϵ˹ɫˣҶľʹ㽫ߺúҲȵŮתӻ֮ʥ򻹻һƽʥʿ
һ˳ĻôʨĻƽʥ¾ͽˡҶľ˹ǺǼƽʥ£һըԵļ⣬Ҳʺȭֱǿ
ҶҪ̵˹ȭҲԼʹõɽկ棬ȭ
Ҷĵɽկ棬ʵϾһ֣Ȼ󽫾ۼ߽ķʽʩųȥƬռн޲𹥻
ȻЧȭûв𣬵ȴͬ
ȭһپʹһȭһ˲伸е٣ʹʨʥʿһ˲ӳȭͷ
ԭлƽʥʿųƿԷȭͷƺʨȭûʲôϡ֮ϾҲǹ٣Ҳǹ٣
ʵϣ󲿷ֻƽʥʿνȭҲֻһȭʨĹȭһ˲ӳǧȭ
ȷʥʿͬٶͬʱȭһһȭһٱÿһȭٶȶͬ»ӳټǧȭеĲ֮һĿȻ
ʼʱҶҲȭʲôرģŽ˽еĲ𣬶һжʹߵҲŷǳµ󡪡岻ǿ׳ֲֿٶһ˲ӳôȭûɵؾȰԼɵˡ
ϸʮƽʥʿУʨʥʿҲǷǳǿ׳ģֻΪԲûţôšʥʿǿĴ
˹ǳʨҪ󣬼ԼֳС棬ԱҶѡвϡڰɯѾͷ˳İˣ̵ܲܽһʥʿԼҲûס
ԸҶľֱӻصԼĹϢȥˣȵڶ鶼׵֪ͨ˾Լ뿪ʥȥŮתӻʱ򣬴˾һڼ˾ǰ͡
һΣҶע⵽ԭʮļ˾ֻʣˣ˵м˱Ůִڣûй
ʣµȺȫǲصԭסĵطΪʱһȺһԺӿ²ù
ϾӵеһжŮõģһ䡮Ůǵıֲ⡯ӵеһжǶȥȨļ򵥣ȥҲ򵥡
ҶĵǶȺһûʲôøУǻҲûϵ깫û˵ڸȺʥʿϿΣڽ̵ŮΰʥʿǿԼһٵ֮Ļ
ҲҶʥУԼʥϵıգʲôһҶֱͨ̽ϵҲȽϷ㡣
ȻҲͽ̵أϾڻƽʥʿͷΣʥսбֵĲǾ̫ҶĶˣҪʥսʼ˵ʥʿѡν֮ǰݵʵ
һԼƺֻʣֻСè
ָӷԼǰҶĿ˿ڳԼͻצ״ļӷƣȻ˵һ䣺Ȼ᲻ңǾһȥɣ
һ仰üӷ˲ʧȥȫʹԴҶУͺһֵⷬΧļ˾Ϊȣ˭û뵽СﾹȻôԣ˵Ļһ
Ҳĳɣ
ĳﵱȻڲͬ
ҲһͷޣֻƽʱòĴ߶ͨ˵ע⣡
ָĲ²ȺеҶҲ⣬żӷתʥȥ͵Ⱥڴſڵ˹ͰɯһСİҶĹ֮ڿҪҪӭȥ
Ҷһӣͦʬ״ļӷڿлһǳߺֱ˰ɯĻУСǳɣ
һ仰Ҳֹ˵Ķ󲽿վڱĴ֮żҴҵĸ
ӰĴǰʧŻƽʥޱҶһʧӰһֱ߳˺ԶԼаĹ⾰ҶĲͻȻͣ˽Ų
һֱʵʵҳһڵ˱ҶͻȻͣĶһҶͻȻˣΪʲô״
ѵ˵ˣ
¾ʥ򲻹·̣ʥĽҵˣʥҲЩ˵ҹʲô⣬ϾʥģҴʥǲǺеĹҹȥ
ûĸ˵Ļô׳գܵҪԼ·ǿҲһ
ʥ֮ⷽԲһƬؽ絹ǲʲô˳ûҲ˹ҶͻȻͣΪʲô
ҶͻȻת˿źܼ򵥵ĻסֻһףһؼƬϥΧһȹһĲƬ˹ֿ˿ű˹˲˶٣ֻǲ΢İɯ
ǾĴתʣ
˵Ц䣬Ҷֱӽûǰժ¹ͷȡĶͳһҲǼʹţ˵ԭòжһ˿ڴλˣʲôأ
ΪҶĵòͣϾǿ׳ǵҶĽͷȡ֮ƥ˹ˣԵ࣬Ҹ˾ȵǣҶľȻһ˵ò
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ɯ˹ɫһ䣬ɯɫ任ԭΪͨƽУضֿµģΪҵУ˶ǵĵˣһȺ԰ƥ˹񲻾аڣ仹ڶ˵Ŀ´˵£ЩУ˰ݵĶʲô
˹Ϊ֮ȻЩ׼ᾪȵԭΪƬؽϼûʲôλٹᲶ׽ȻūϾرõĹ嵽С
ͬʱٶ˶һЩȽصļգĹȻ΢һЩҲͱūǿôһ㣬ڰȦǳ˳Դ֮⣬ҪĴǲܵ飬Ƕù⡪ױߣ߱һЩЩ˵µ֪ƽɱ
Ϊָԭ򣬵˷ǿصĽţƽʥʿŵŮʹ˾Ȼһ˵ʱ򣬲Żֵô𾪡
˾ȻһӲ֪ӦǺˣֻ㶵վȻҶڻƽʥһģҲ֪ȡһƽ
ϵĻƽ˲仯һɫĹߣһͷƽţӵУһصľĳ޷˻عɳڽţǸʵжޱȡ
ܾ𣿡
ҶĵǲʲôȻڳǰѾ깫֪˰ƥ˹ؽ磬ڶ˿ɲôƣҲ΢ȥһЩĵطһ㣬Խ˵ĵλ滷ҲԽӡ
ƫƫȥŵȻûʲô̫ǺôҶһµķҪȻϵرĿûȥ
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˹Ȼع񣬹ʹӦҪȰɯǿϲ٣Ժܿʶ½ţǶˣҲ޷ıŵŮʹԼǿĻƽʥʿ֮һʵ
ңԽţ˵ʵⷽؽ˭鷳һˣֱӽһСҲǲܡ
˹վСҶĵʵȻܹƾһ֮һѾǺֲܿĴˣȴôҲ뵽Ҷĵʵ㽫ƥ˹ؽ඼ɱҲ顪ֻҪƥ˹񲻳֣˵Ҳʱ䳤̵ˡ
ɯеزҺ˹ͱͱ׹ܷΪʥʿλˣ¿ɲȥЩ֦ĩڵʱ
Ҷ»ƽʥ֮洩ŵʥ·Ƶĳ㣬Ȼ²һסСȵƤѥϥҲһƻϥһĻס
ұ߼ϵļϻһĶǣһƽĻ磬ǰһƴĻأֻλá
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Ҷڵװû磬ʥЩͨͨʥʿû˹Ͱɯվһ𣬳ɿŵ֮⣬ûʲôˡ
ӣСèȴúǿģӰɯĻΧҶתתȥͣһôı鿴Ҷġ
СҲӦÿǿһĻʳѾĶӣѵֻԼƶļһ
ӷƶһ˫͵ķųâһֺõģܵҶĵĽűߣԼԲ¡ë׵Դ䰡䡭
Ը񵽵˭أ
˶˵˻ʱ䳤ĳֻһЩ־ܹƳ˵ԸɼӷӣҶʵ벻˭Ҫ˵Լϡ
һһè˵仰ĹһԵ˹ںͰɯ˵ŻǶɣ˵ʹΰĽţƽʥʿǲǶ޹أ
ǡŵŮΪʲôѡһΪʹǲǴ˾ƭǣôܣ
ɯһʵͽе޷ʵ˹µĽ̶ܳҪࡣ
Ҳʥ˲ٿ࣬һҪΪʥʿôڽţƽʥʿǸ˵ʵֻʱŵһˡ֪ڼһʥȨҲǶˣ᲻ֱιȥ
˹ҲΪʲôŮѡһΪԼĴˣ뷨Բܹ֪ģĵԼͰɯķӦ᲻λ˵ķУǹϵܷΪʥʿ
ҶĲںЩ飬ںͼӷ˵˼仰֮־ͰСè˹ǰ˹ܵľͽССԲԲë׵ļӷиоͦġ
ʼղףţΪʲôôҪóдϳȻеڲͬ
һʱ䣬ǽĽ̵
˭˹㶣̧ͷҶģȴожץԼ󣬵ͷһֻСèȻԼȻǰצָͣԼ
ʶҶĿеָԼϵСè֮˹ıҪྫжྫʡ


108 ǻŮ
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Ҷһʯͷϣ֧ϥϣȻ°ԶԴĲҽҲ޷תͷһ۵Ȥһֱɯѯһˡʱ䵽ˣŵ˵ͷȻվըֳȥ
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Ѫ˹һѪ˿ڸκãҶļĽƵĹд˾ͿԵ֪һֱƵ顣
ԼѪԽһ㣬Ҷĸ˹Լͼӷѵ˼ˣôһȼСļûУѲɵԼˣ
Ѫ˹ϵѾȫָʣµҲ;ϵƣͣⷽûа취ģֻԼϢָ
Ϊϵ˿ڶѾʧ˹ѾվĻڵϵ˹ηĿ۶ԱߵСèȻĳʩһ񣺡л˵ָ
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ңӷƵϸҲСˣ껹ʮ˹үүˣ𾴳㣬Ҳû˵ȥĵط
֮һؽ翴ǹΪҶ쾭飬ֻ΢Цһˡ
̧ͷ˿գıȻҶľòˬҪ˵ġ
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ŵȵתģǺͷҶһ·ϳͼץȥūҪɽǶʿĹ֮⣬ûʲôˡ
ڻĽҰнļҲû̫Ĵ䣬Ҷŵ˵ȥѰǲǹģ
ͬʱ⼸ר˹Ҳޣ˵һĽӽ֮⣬Сͺ޽չһ֮ǰѾСݽȥ˹СһϣȻȲɯ
ͬʱҶıȽϳԾǣССİɯѧϰСʵķǳ죬ȳȥĻҲɯ˹һΪƽʥʿ
뵽һ㣬ҶͻȻסˣ񡭡ƽʥʿûŮ԰ɣ
ȥԭصܱߵжûгֹŮԵĻƽʥʿҲΨһ׵ľһЩͬƷˣҶĴʱͻȻãһŮԻƽʥʿҲһȤս
ڣǹɴʮԻƽʥʿʮŮԻƽʥʿʱһʮĸֱӳȥǷһսɱҲԶϼ鲻ǣ
ֻʮƽ𶼴ղ룬Ůʮˣ뷨ȶһԣԺл˵ڻѰ˼ɯʵĻôѡһƽʥ±ȽϺʡ
Ϊѡ˺ķչ·֮ҶĲźðﰢɯѡеļܡΪеͬСֳܻҲв죬ˮƿĻƽʥʿС棬ͻܹһеĸоԼĽţʥ£˿ԴݻһǰְԵо
⼸Ĺ۲ѯ֮ҶȷɯʺϵǱϵҲ˵ܱ֤ԼĽٶȣôΪˮƿĻƽʥʿ֮⣬пܳΪһŮԻƽʥʿ
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߶ˮʥʿҲǿԵȻԭûһٲãҶĻԽŷǼһﶼĵЩһﲻҲϲöôһͿԸɯˡ
֮ûа취ŰɯһʱȺ󽫱ϵʥʿļͽ̸շӳǾȫԼˡ
ԼȴԼһС棬ұԼһпܳΪһ߹Ļƽʥʿ˹ڰɯĹ۸пν൱ĸӣΪеĵͬʱҲе㼱ɡ
һпҶĲûȥˣճüӷʰСӣľһָ㰢ɯ
Եȵ˵ڶѩ֮ôһССĶеվԽĹŹ
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һеһƺƫ˹ԭԤĹԭĵŵĻԼǿĽţȻ󾭹һμѵ֮󣬳ɹҵŮתͬʱԼҲǿΪһǿĻƽʥʿ
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һеһжϣģһʼʱƺڰ뷢չֱǰţ˿ʼʽСһ̿ʼһж˹
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ģѾ޷ƽˣһֱôԶ޷С棡
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˵仰֮Ҷľûٶϻ͸ţʥȥŵȵλá
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Ҷһ۾ͷֶ˿ûвԼ״ֻǴȻԻǵ˫ĿнһɫĹâ߷ڷɵϷʱȻһתֱ˹ǰ
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仰Ϊ˹˾ŵһ䣺⣬Ӧҵҵ˰ɣɣҿǵȵĺأ


109 ˫̥
ǰֻǾŵŮ˺ܴرϲСϽƽϣһҶĲŸоǻŮɲƾСõְġ
ȻŵȺԼ˵ʱǸҶѾԿ϶Ů˿϶ǷĳЩ飬ֻǲ֪ΪʲôȻû˶Լ
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ȫӰҶĽӵϣɢĽɫ뵲ͣķţȴǸŮһַǳůĸо
ţ
ǰƺûж⣬ŮͣԼĶȻԺĿߵҶġ
㡭ǡ
˰죬ҶʼձŸղŵĶ;ȵķ֣ԼбŵӤȻҲǸֵ֧һһŽɫĹ桪ǸɢĽɫ棬ԼɢĹâһַǳůĸо
ǡ⾿ô£
ȫ㲻״ŮɵˣԼǲΣǰһ̫λһЩ
ʱȵǰͻȻֹʲôΪùǳǾ仰Ȼǣҿô˵ģתת˫̥ǲҰ


110 
źӵҶ˿ûнţƽʥʿԵен׺εı鶼ʥͷڵӰ֮£ӲζǱ¶ʱ
Ѿ뿪ˣ̤˷֮·Ҷʼ޷ӦôСĺһʵ
ӵĸױһʱһȻôڷ絲֮УֻΪ̫Ҳܳ㣬Դʱǰ泵ݳλáΪǰɯҶĺ˹ʮһڷֲΧǰš
Դ췢Ůתķ־ȻǶ˫̥֮Ҷĺܸɴ˾ӶʥھĸŵȵתȵȻ֪ˡ
Ǻӵĸ׾ԲΪ仰Լĺӱİ˴ߣҶĴһ֮˳ƾµľҲһ߰ɣҪչˣ
Ҷֻһ˲Ϳǵһǳε⣬ʥȻӴ˲Ҳڶ࣬Ҫ˵չ˺ӣ˭ҲȲϺӵĸףλŮĸ׹ҲǺܺãҲͲٷ˼ұˣһ߾ǡ
˵ȻǲԸģҶֱһ仰ͽλʾԼڵĳ˻ȥҲܴ
뷴ĳҪȡһ£ԭȷôŮˣԼûüԼӵʱŮ˾һ˫̥Ů¡ŮһصɫͷһǽɫͷǿɰòôҲϹϵ
ڵȴͬˣеһȻŮתԼԽ²ŮĸݶŬһĻյĳɾͿɾԲֻһ¾ʹ˷תΪʥһԱҲǲС
ϧǣҶĵȻԿһʲô⣬ܸɴľһ룬ǿӲ̬ӴҸǿӲһʮǳ˱ȽҶʹõģ;ǵȻصʥʮʿḺͻ
ֱĳԼϾͱҶƲһԣһֱҲûӦѯһһ֡
Ůĸ׵ҶѾ֪ˣΪӤҶĺ׽Ժӵĸ׶ͣʵȴʼնԼͿ˼ֺ档
ţˡʲô
û֡ҶĵȻֻ֣磬ҪԼֱϡţĴš
һڸϳİɯɵתͷһۣû뵽λʹ˾ȻֶûУţ˶˵ݣҲǲ˵ɣ
˹Ҳô²ģ˶ûгͺʲôҲûһ
ͷϲ˺桪ŲʮͷŮʵòҪСһЩᡭҶػ仹û꣬һСŮ
ŮȴĪ³ΪӵĸףһֱӻٵΪ㽵ĻĻһϵĲĽ̫пһ㡣
Щ飬⼸Ҷ̽ϢϢԴȻԵЩԭǶĪŮûкøУΪһ崿ʵȴǳ˲мĵ
ҶĵĵҿյףǵµĺӲҰ֣֮޴ĲҲЩƽϲ˵ļһ˾޴ĳԴĵǸձΪֵ磺ϾѡУΪԼ˼תĸ׵ŮˣȻ֮
УŮӶرһеӡֱӷ˸
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ÿӪϢʱ򣬾̽ϢʱˣҶûйȥ̽Ѿ˸е⣬˵ǸܿˣЩҲͲܻˣȻ·֮Ǵ˹Ŀе֪λţʵҲŵŮյʹ
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˵ɣҶȣﱧŵһͷɫ˿ģ˵õǸСһӡеļ䣬ŵӦһԴͷŶԣôĻǱڻǸпܻŵȵת
ڣŵŮûпǲȻܻⰴǸȥѡԼķɫԻһϷŮֻһɺϣĸŵȵתҲҪϼ֪
ʲôԭɵģɫɫСһƺȽܣ˭޴ֵСһԼͻᰲĴ˯˯۾Ҳ˫Բ۾ͣĿԼһ㶼Ҽѹһ
Ϊֵ󣬲˶ΪеŵŮתϾҶҲŮյʹŮתԼʹҲ顣
ҲҶеɻĸ㲻Ǹôˣʱһֱں˵ӳѾмˣһֱû֣ǵĸײ֪Ϊʲôǳǡ
ǣȫԼʲô֪˽ȻǸºȫǷǳ飬ΪʲôԼº֮󣬷
ǰûԸȥԭ򣬶֮Ҳȥ̵ʵֽһһӵʣҲ̫ţǼˣ벻׺͸ɴ಻ȥˡ
οԼҲоĵһ뿪Ǹ˶ʮĳ֮󣬿ҲزˣͬʱҲҲܼԼλɷˡ
ԣȥͲ̫ϸ룬ڿǵĸСһҲ벻ʲôǵ֣Ҳţ˿԰ȡ֣
ڷ˵УܵģΪʹߣ㲻ܵģҲǿԽ󲿷˵ŵġһ֣ӦѲλʹ˰ɣ
ȴû뵽źӵҶһƣϵСè۾ǰצ죬ƺ뵽ʲôЦһ
ô֣ǾͻУҸСһģ
ޱȣԴҲڿٵתһʱԺеȻλŮתɯԼɴ֯
Ҳ̫ȤˣҲҶһתѿھ˵˲СèԼˤ֣ҶȺɯ㿴ô
ҶȺɯףǶûʲôоֻǵĴӺжǲһ֣Ҷ˵֣ǺܲģԷǳ˵ĵ˵ͷ֣ܲ˭Ҷȣ˭ɯأ
ҶʼͲҪȥˣֻڼϵļӷƱһ£СҶһұ㡯
ΪҿҶİдСèĶʲô֪˭Ѳƽʱоʷ
С˿ûбвľ򣬷һ۾Ķһ֪ôģҶĺ
һһèĶԻ֮нУƬ̵ĹѾֵչͷĽɯףҶĻﱧŵҶȣҶĺѹ
СͽȺˣ
ǶԼĺһָеܸˣûоֵ壬ҪȻҶľˡ
ԼãһԵСè֪ҶֻûʲôɯСϵ۵ģ壬ҿ粢ûʲô֪ɾˡ
֮󣬲ǲĳصҶڱźǰû֮ͻȻͣ˽Ųͬʱһ̧ԼǴ׳ֱֹۣͣ
;޴ۣĶᱻ˿һ˲䣬ĶͣԼĽŲ˶һƵλǿ׳Ľţˡ
ˣĪǡ
Եѯ£ȴҶֹס˻ͷ
תеӤǣ˳һ䣺ȻصȥҪ
ȻΪ˵Ҳ֪е鲻Ҫ棬ҲҪȥ֪Ժܸɴ࡮Ŷһתصĳ档
ȵǽȥ֮ҶĲŻعͷܽ
ãһ£漴˵ȺʲôĹǵĹҵȷﲻԶʵ߾ѾܽӽˣߴԼ·̣Ǳ߾̵ıǵĹң
ʱҶĲ֪Լ˹µУȻڲ֪ߵ˰ƥ˹ıԵشĻشǰȥǸһ򰡡
ĻлһҶĺ⣺ǽϵۣ
ץץͷ⵹ǲˣֻǴӹĿԼǰֵ˵һˣЩһͻʱЩܻ󺰣ͬڣǾӦþǹ˰ɣ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷʾ˽ˣڵϣ͢ʥʿҲʥͬڣЩϵ۵ͽҲƵϰߡ
⼸仰Ĺһůĸо鲼˵ȫһŻɫУһԽģòǿε˴Ӹ߿ȻھԼĪ׵λͻȻɿһ±һů磬Ҳ˳
ˣһ˺ܲ۵ĳììɢſֲĺ˶ʶȻۣʵԲɡ
ҶĵͻȻðˣļһˣǼȻѾǴʱ˶ڴŵƺʱпܵڵϣһ㶼û
һ԰ڿ׼ȼС˹ʱҲЩͨǿȥ
졭ʹ
ִ˵е֣ûۼҲ˵һЩڰƥ˹ؽϣʹһеصȴִ󲿷˶˵Ĵڡ
ǸʹߣҲЩУʹа˺ֽܶɫĸɫӵŽ
ЩҲ֪ĴBOSS˭Ǿ֪ʹζʲôΪܻʹӰս֮ϣǸ֪Ӧýйϵ۵ļһǶʹӵϤҲӵĿ־塣
˹е㲻ͬȻѾΪŮʥʿվʱ̫̣ʹŵģڰƥ˹ؽ磬ʹᲢ۵ӦЩѪİ񣬶Բַˡ
ʱ򣬰ͣҳܹ˵һȺǱηĿ֮һݵʹڿˡ
΢ͽǣЯŵӵǿĺӷºȥɣ
һ仰ͽԼĿĲķǳȷҶ΢΢ͷеһȻǳɢǿȴûκηĺӶġ


111 ʿ
ܳѰСӤȻҶĵԤϣҲǲܽܵ顣
ԴҶѰҵСһ֮ǹСҹеݣֻҪ΢е͵ˣԺСһĴڡ
£ʲôţ֮е飬ֻҶûϵĵؽôֻǼĹͽʹһֻ
ֻߵҲǺֻһʹ̽ҲУͻȻСӦĳɵĴڣϵƥ˹ҲһЩԲصĻʲôӣһ޷赲ʹǲֻһλҲǺܸߵļһ
ʹƺҶĵĿ⣬һྐྵȻԼɢƣǳԼӣλʹеԼܵð
΢ְͽΪ񸶳ۣųìʹֵչ漴һŷǳʥۼ棬۳һ͡
ȻʹһŹ;ֱҶģͬʱʹԹһ£һʥⵯӦò˵ܹоĵӵǿӤʱʹǸĳ
Ȼ벻ףΪʲôͨӤȻӵôǿҴⲻʹҪǵ飬ǽӤȥȻ󽻸Լĳ١
ĳٻ߸߲ҪӤлΪе˵Ҫʲô飬ǾͲҪǵˡ
׼ӣȻӤߵʱƽݿʼ˾ҵı仯ǳԾȻ޷Ȼŭ
һеһУΪԼĵһȻǸΪߴһ־͸ȵһߡ
еٶûмӿʥⵯһֱɵһ׿⣬Ȼһʯ棬޴ıըͳĢ״̳еɴ˫ۣȻһ£ĶǺϡֻԱըҲʬ޴³
ţ˾ʶһŵ顪λţˣȻּͻʹĹѵλˣӵпʹƥеʵ
ҶֵһǵĳǷǳ޴ģ˹ĳӾңֻ뵽ȴһ棺ԭʥʿôǿĴĪѾΪ˻ƽʥʿңҲԺͽţһʹĽ
뵽ĻƽʨȼţʥСȼնʼ΢΢ƮϵĽɫԽԽңͬһȼŵĽɫ棬˶С
ţ
صľ󲻽ǵĿ⣬ͬʱҲڴҶĵʹ˹ȥʲôֵӤһƣ
СһγߵУֻӤɢĻƽʨС棬ʹ㲻ʲô
˿þ޴˹󲽿絽ǰ棬Լʹľ֮źһҪðΰŮʹҴ𲻴ӦУȭ
ȭԭҶͽ˹ӹȭҲһڸ˹ӵ˻ƽʥԼϻƽʥʿˮƽСƶ֮˹ڿԽһиɹʩųˡҲǳɹʩųˣ
ͨ˵ľλӢʨƽʥʿһŽɫĹ棬Ȼ˲˳ȥǰһƬĽǸͿʲô顣
ɢȥ֮ʹƯھҵλãƺûƶ֣˹ĿԼ˱ƵͺһڿɵһĿ⡣
˹վӳȥȭͷջأֻǵɴ˫ۺһôܣ
ʹĿ˹ֻͣƬ̣Ȼ˵һ䣺ȤҲ˶ˡңûȫԼӵеƾͼΪ֮ʹߵҽ֣е
еĳìѾǹ˸ҫ۵ʥ⣬Ȼʥֻж󣬵Ǹ˵ĸоȴȸղһʥⵯΣտ¡
Ҷ̾һ˹ǿߵĵ·ԽԽƫѾʲôˣҲʹ˷ϵҲû׼ǲʲôϧģϾֲĵӣΨһƵľСӷϵˣôҪ˼ȥѰһϸĻƽʥʿʵ̫鷳ˡ
ֻôɣҲ˽˹ɱ϶ҪɵˣûһNPCߵʲô
˹صֲܹԵģ
ҶĵĻʹͣԼһļߴΪˣ½˾ֻһ׶ĸ߶ȣȻһЦĿҶģѵΪԼս
ʲôЦЦһʹǿŻԼЦ⡣
ǽһ֮ҶĵĻʹԼЦݣһȼյŭ
仰ǼӰл˵Ļô˵
Ҷ˿ûиʹӵ뷨ѾǸˡպͼӰе֣ǴӴ޾ģ֪ʹУվ۷ľôλպͼӰеΪ֪ˣоǶʹŵĶʹ·ˡ
ʱҶĻ⣬ڵ˵ȫǶŸɵĶʹﾹȻҲͲˡйȻкڰο׹ʹǵʵǿһ˻ǶһǿԮ⼸ǲöӿǵ飬ֻͽʱ򣬶ʹǲʲôֵͨ˲֪ʹʵϺһġ
ȫʹеŭʩųĻҲһƬؽ綼ɻϧûҶֻͨܽŭѹĵףȻͷһ߹ʿһԼϣսʹﰲһҹƽһսĻᣬȻҲǺ飡ְɣ΢Դȴмͽ
սʹλʹְֻ־ͿԵ֪һרŸսļһڰﰲ֣Ҳƽûʲôϡġ
ֺʿһı̬Ҷĺһ
ŵŮ£ţƽʥʿ
Ȼŵ鷳ҶĸɴŵȵˣĺͻҲһ¡
ֻĻشöʹһȣŵȣƥ˹񣿡
û뵽¾Ȼǣ˰ƥ˹ĻܾҪ鷳һˣϾ֮ǰǶΪºͰƥ˹ûϵģΪûаƥ˹ڸû
û뵽׻ǺȺɽϺҸҰ˳˹ϵﰲûĹԳƽţƽʥʿ˻ԼʲôвǵԼȥ᲻˱ƥ˹ɽ֮Ĵս
һͿԿ÷ΪʲôִˣΪսʹбȽ侲ɣöԣЩͬһֻ֪һԴѪǰ壬кŽһʥа֮Ȼǰĵ˸ɵҲ߱˸ɵ
öԣ÷ףҲܵԼĳʶһһθ۹ֻҪ˳Ļȥôͻĵ
ϧҶġ
ʱţʥµҶôֻһͨˣһǶʿǿоðʥʿҲҪ뷲һΪС⣬ȼյĻо˾ûҲ˹ʹСʱ򣬰ﰲеȵԭ
ʱҶȼԼġС桯ʵϾԼСʩųĳЩСмƣֻҪϽɫĹâͺСûʲôˡ
ﰲĲҶĵС˹ľ޴ͬΪޱУеһ˿ϣܴ򣬾Բһӵе
㡭㡭ⲻܣ
Ҷĵ𾪣ӶعİﰲһӦǰʵҲĳ⸱ӲǼˣǰͨһģ
ΪҪսپӶʹԼҶһﰲ⸱飬֪̾ʹʲôâһ̵ϣ˫͵Ĳ濪ͬʱѾ̧Ĵִ˫͵ǰһơ
ȫĴƼ˲ͱ˿µƶ¼Խ˿ռ䣬ֱ˰ﰲǰĿֲѹֱӽûü˵ڵĻ˻ȥ
ʱҶĻʱԼȵĽɫŪһǹɵĹţͼһԼţݡ
ֻǸͼԱߣӷǰצԴһţǣȻͷǰƵĶƻӦеİһֿЦõĸо
ȻЩǸʹû˰ëǮĹϵڴƵ֮һ޷۵Ľ⼸ڸס˶ǲǿҵ̫⣬˶һ˲˫ۣȵ۾ʱﻹʹӰˣ
ƮµĽëҶĵУ˳һ̾ͽΨһܹ֤Ǹ˴ڹĶץУ´Ρôϻˡ
ʹӳɵڰ׼ӷϻȻҪʲôʿҲﰲҪչһʹšʿԼ߹󣬵ҶĵֱͺСһȻԵʹҲҰȺš
ղһ˲仹һ״Ҷе㲻ˬڽﰲҵһ˲䣬оԷڱ֮ǰʲôָоǺ죬ƲǸʹ֮ǰʲôӣҲԪӤ֮ҲǴѶϢĳ
ϸһ룬ãƥ˹֮ĦҪʲʥսס˹Ǹս˿׶ˡ
ԺܿͲ·ˣתͷ˿ɴվԼˣȻеëһ¶ǸʹˣǻǸϽ뿪ɣ
㶵˻Ϊţһдʹʵе𾪣;ãţΪŵŮʹһʹƺҲʲô飬Ͼ˵ƺ൱ġ
ˣеʱܻҸɣʱͳһ㣡ҶڿҲûж˵ʲôȥˡ
һ֮󣬱Ѿеֽ˹ȻֶԼԼʾϣԼԼĽ̵
Ҷĺ⣬ǺܸɴľܾˣҶԵеʧ˹˵ѾҪľǲͣϤԼӵеһϣûκοָİ취ֻԼ
һԽܵ˹֪࣬Ҷĸٽ̵ʵ֪ʲôķӦ
ô˵һγеĿĻѾˣҵŮתһƽʥʿȻ̻˵㣬Խܡ
ֻǣҶĿԼһͿСһʱǺһæŸɯ򲼵ǾȻֵݹƬ򲼣鷳˰Ȼһ°ɣ



112 ʱˮ
ʱҴҹһգۣ͹꣡
⼸ҶһֱʵʵĶʥУʲôûѵʥʿĹأѾʮزѾͳ죬ʵҲǰ췭ظı仯
ԵһǣڿԽʥϵʹ磬ҷӳӦе
룬Ҳ޷ֻƾԼǧӣͽشתʦ˹УҲǻйأеʱػƾ轵ʮƽĺǱֻ֪СǱʲô˼ÿζֻԼʦԵЩǱˣȻỹʾԼȥҲԲ
СӣѵϱҲǸլ
ÿοҶĶ˸һ䣬ԼŵСһѾǳӦ״ˣǸ˵Сһƺǳϲ涫ӡ֤Ǿ仰վĸ߿Զ
⣬˻ƽʥϵԼӦ˴󴸵÷֮⣬ػС๦ӵ֮ؾȻС๦ģСУһ˵ˣҶĶеǳ⡣
ԭС๦һ㣿
ҶʱʶԼ˼άվǱסˣС๦Ȼǰֻģ书ЧǸʱʲôʲôȻС๦ڵؿƾС๦ɵǰͨϰա
ı仯ҲС๦ǿǿҲС๦ṩ˸ѡѾԱݵģСƺҲʲôܱܵ顣
Ҳģܶɼҹˣ
ҲҲҪȥɽǱߣ﷢˺ܶ෭츲صı仯
֣Ӣʹ޾˾ȲˣɽɰװˮԼ֮˿ʼʽоεĶǸ̽˳ΣҶĺԭõĲдƷ߱ͨĳƷֻеͺţҪɲеļõƶ绰ϣƻҪʱ䡣
ڼɽʱ򣬲øԼ˿ʲô˵ʲôȵٴλʱ򣬴ϢҶĺƣλڿǹԹһˣ֮ǰ˹Ѿɾ͵ĵȱ˹
Ŀ˹ҲסʥУСʦܸѵʥʿԿ˹ѾȫҿʼڶǿʵĪ˵ѵʥʿˣѵû⡣
ǱɹڶҽҲգôɾ֮λҲǿڴ飬ɳһǿҶģƺӵõ
⻹һԭǿ˹ò׵õ˵ĽԼϿɣϾ֣Ȼ˹ΪԼȺ൱ϣ˵ļһûʲô֮ͬ
ɽǱߣڰͰĺϢѾˣҾûãϹҲڿ˵ɵż˵ȼҲڳĹؿ˳Ļ֮ɽһĵӶ˳ɾ͵֮λһԼϾͲ̫ൣˡ
ǹСӾȻһϣҶĺƣԱ߻ָһ£¾ֻùԼˡ
ʱ䣬ҲȫǺϢȹļоΪµİ˶Ⱥʼ޷һأҲ⼸ӵӰ쵽Լ̬йأֻҪɽɻڷչ޷⣬ԹһҪӦġ
⼸ӾͲҶĵˣңȲ֮λȥϷȻĵϷ֮Ҳ̼˿ŬԼʵܵ˵ӦǳľٶֻǾΪԵеɡ
ҶҲκ£οʮǧԶҲûȥܡѩǽͨĽӻѯ£ҪҪҶȴӾͺãĲҪڲκˣ
ҲǹϵĲͬѩСͽֽܵСĴ³ȫԼΡҶĲô룬οҲֿ˰ڲŮңСӿɾȥɣڳʲôνԿ־ǡ
ѩȻֹʲôϴСˣҪڵʲôʱ򣬲Ҷ˾֮ҲûмϾȥ
Ҳû˵˼飬ʵԼյǸĵӽĿ죬Ҳɽһɾ͵֮λľͻĵӶҶǼӣûºǵ⣬Ϊһεʦ
ҲɽҪһأ
ҶĶЩ鶼ֻּɵģɽԽǿȻôԽֻǾþòϾĺܣŮ˵˵žͲ˵һЩصĻϧԼûü˵Ů˾Ȼʦ֣Ǳ߲ǹĺô˵ŮϸҪ޸ˣӡ
תͷԶᣬԱԹһ䣺Ѿͷ׶˵ЩʲôȻСŽͣòײŰסԼĺԺɽϣǵŮԷɴףԺȥ˿ɲʰ
˵˼ĻǽƸס˵Ҷĳһѯһɽ˵
֪⼸ԽԽҲͦ˼ˣӺɺҩʦ⼸ＸѾԼһѧѧ˸࣬ŬɽЩҩ֪ʶңҲԼ⼸ľڣҲӾܿɽҩƵĴΡ
ЩҶ˾㣬ֻǶɽɵиµ˽УʵʱҲ˵ЩˣҲǿûʲôϵı仯
Ŀǰɽһж죬ͿǼ˵ʵܼܲȥˣ
𼸸ӣǼ˵ʵǹϵɽĹؼϾ߶սʵĹؼĿǰɽΨһõĳֵĸҲһҶģԭɽǿļУҲ͵Ľٶɷɿ죬ѾʼǬ޼ˣֻҪһн̱ɡ
ʦѾչ˰
ϴλ˵ʦڱչأ˵ͻûأɼαչ֮ҪСһأͻὫǬ޼ˡ
Ϊͱչأѩͻ¶һ˵ĽٶҪ࣬ɼȱˣѩҲǬĲˣҲʼԷ磬ֻĿǰҪĽ׶Σôܹɹľˡ
Ⱦɣ
ͨҶѰ˼˳ĻҲԼԳʱȥϾҲô£Ҳʥսһʵ
ȥˣʥҲ˷츲صı仯ʮԼ̻ʵŮѾϣҶѾסӦôڵĽţУֻж೤ʱڹһû֪
УţûѼټʥ˵Ĺʶ˶ֻŹţ˵Ĵڣûл䱾ˡ
ԼʨΪǸѵʥʿҪˣȻĵ
ʱ䣬ҶгɵĵȻ㲻ʲôڰƥ˹ɽϵ˵ֻգգ۾͹ȥ˵ʱ䣬ɶڷ˵൱һʱ䡣
ôʱ䣬ʥ˼ԭʥʿ󲿷ֶ̭ˣе뿪ˣ󲿷ѵоͶԼʣµļһҲû˵ĳΪʥʿӱʥ
ʱƽʥʿѡҲ˳˹õʨĻƽʥ֮⣬ⰢɯҲջˮƿƽʥ£ҶĵߵˣѾΪʥжĴڡ
ͬʱѵҲѡ˰зʮƽʥʿѾһֻҪڽʱҵʣµļˣôʥսͿ˳ʼˡ
ʥսʱ䣬ȻŮתΪ׼ŵŮ񲻹ǸСѾͷͬʱڤתҲ˶٣ھ뿪򣬵Ȼǲܵġ
Ҳǿǵʱ仹кܳҶĲŻʥ͵ʲôҶʥй䡪ƽʱʥ£׸ӱķξͳȥˣû֪ߴļһʵϾǸ첻ӰĽţ
ҶԽãɯױ϶ΪŮתԵǵҶĴԼӤصʥ֮ΪжϳĸŮתһŮŵȵ棬ɯ׻ɢҪѹҶȣɯױ϶ΪŮת
ΪɯõСѾͷü˾ͷޱȡǲΪһŮͬͬʱһ߱Ĵһ£ǵӳΪõҶȻԽĵλвϼһĽǳײУҶ޷ܡ
ʹݽСһﱣ֮ҶҲΪʥ֪ˣ˵Դ֮ӵƺʧˣƽʱͨСһҲûʲôԵ鷳
ֻǡرҶ׽СѾͷĳƺǾᡣ
ţ壬ʲôʱҳȥ氡
ҶĵĲϣ˫ַǼţǵͨͷҶһĴѾζ˵ľɫһѯűԼŵġţ塯
춼ڴ棬ѵ㻹治𣿡룬ԽõĲʵ̫ˣ϶ΪŮתɯ˿ûСӵĺöԣȻַֿܹζĸ֪ʶԼѵȺĺͰһϼһҲġ
Լλһ첻ȥ߶ͻܹ֣ƬҲвסӣʥתתȥζ
˱죬СһȻô˵ţûֹͣתĲƺ˽ȻͬĽ͡
ǳ壡
СܺãҲΪλùߣȻڵһʱͿһԸ˽ָҪΪŻƽʥµʵ̫һЩ
ҲȵĺתͷͿԼʦСԼ¶һЦݣͷֻס˰°ʹûԿԿ飩ͬģһʥʿҲ¶Цݡ
ʥתҶҲΪʥʿϲĶһɰС˭أȻ󲿷˶֪СŮݣֻǲ²Ҳĸʥе˵ĺӡ
ȻСһﵱĸߴ׳ҲΪ۵Ľ㣬ӱ·Ʋǵһմˡ
ȻֻǸӱڵʥҲǱȽеλĴڣʱѾףܹǲпѵдһԶͨ˵ǿڣǶҶҲǿ
ػᱻΪȣҪΪܱ¶ԼֻĴʾˣСôԳȾͳΪصרƺšȻʥҲô
ҪСȴ⵽˾ܾҪϵӲֱһҲ
εЦЦҲ£Ҷ˵˼ͼԼĹҶС׼ȥתת
ʥ֮⣬кܶľڣΪʥĴڣʥΧ˼ׯӵõ˱ӵĴʥе˺𾴣˵ҶĴС֮ΧЩӵ˶ҶıԳ羴Ŀ⡣
ܹмģǰźɫȹڷֳֳͫìŮɾеһ
û뵽ʥˣȻֻһආ


113 ƫľ籾
ڷͫɫ¶糤ȹǱ˸ź⣬һĳìͺǼ·ôҶһַǳϤĸоأ
Ȼֲ²⣬ܾе㲻ףϾڤ˿ûпǲôΨһĽ;ǡɺϣ
˶
Ŷ˶Եе㾪ȣеĳì΢΢һ˿ڶҶĵҲղǰȥƶʥСආˣ㾹Ȼ֪ң
ʵϣҶıӾȣȻ˶ͬʱĵҲӵĶԼȷ͹˹˵һƴ˵ݰͳڤϾת֮󲢲̾Ǵھ״̬ģתҪһɳȻɳһ̶֮󣬲ܹڤΪڤ˼Ļǲû˵ֲһ˶Ů˰
ֵҶĵǺϸѯһϧǰŮˣҶĲûʲôøУͬʱҲΪһʥӱʸݴڤͳ˧ԼĽ̸
ιֻΪ̽һʥڻʥĴׯײһʥеˣȫһ⡣
Ȼһ⣬ҲǰʥҵĴڣ
ŮˣѾ˽Ҷĸɵ׼׼ԶֵʱͻȻվһķǳ׼ӣӴԼʮͷһͷغɫͷֻеңһȥҲ˶١
һվ˶ǰȻ󹧾˶ǰϥ£С㣬ආͽɣŪ߹˫֣
˶ԼսҲûмֻ֣˻ʾȻ˵˾䣺ȻҪˣôͽˣ˹˳㽫СҲٵɣЩ޴ļһףǸνʥ޷ǵġ
Ҷĵһĳ飬Ȼһ߸ڤǸһﻹİԼ˵Ūͷûڤ˵˶ŮˣȴڤʿԼӡĺ͹˹˵һ飬ֺŵڤµĴģһΣû뵽λڤֱȥˡ
һ߳鴤ţһѰ˾䣺ŵ˹ͰǸ˹ûһ𣿡ͷмȻ˹ѾˣλҲ˵õ˰ɣ
Ҷıֻ̽̽ͬʱҲ֪ڤ׼ˣĻȴö˴һΧΧȺڣȫ㲻﾿ʲôվ̸ָָţ˿þ޴ΣѾǰ
㾹Ȼ֪ŵ˹ͰǸ˹ƺԼ˹һζʲô˶еȫʧˣʱŮȫ䱸עŶǸǿ׳ӣ㡭һͨӱʥʿ
ʥӵڤеڤʿ࿹ʥʿڣЩΪڤݴͳ˶Ȼ֪ġ
ֻʥʿĿǰҲڤȱ˽⣬֪ЩģֻҶġԼǼӡ
Ļ˶ķӦȷܿ죬Ȼһʱ佫עתһֱҶĲϣһǵǸСŮǸŮŵȵת𣿡
˻һԵ˹üͷһԵĳһΧֵ֪ȺҲһ
ô죬ҲŮƺʥĵˣȻкܶ໰仰ǻˡ
ǸСŮŮת
һСŮôܣͨĺûʲô𰡣
ΰŮⰡû뵽ҾȻۼŮ£
ָ𣬶ԽԽҵƣвٲ֪˵Ů˵ʱҲۼҶĵüͷ
뽫Щ˶ߣϧڵʥûн˵ʲôҾʲôԼϼɤȺҲ̾뿪
ڵҲȥЩĺʱҶСȴӲϷŵ˵ϣȻСһԴͷɫĶ̷һԺúôţҪܣ
СǶ£ҲܹӶǼɢϢоʲô˵Сӵĸо𣿺ο⻹һͨСӡ
˵Ůת𣿡
վҶ̯̯֣úƽһʵϧŮ˸Ļ˶¶΢ЦųЦ׾ӵĻԣΪܹƭң
ʵϣ˵ġ
ҶʼԤϵԷܻԼҲνʵôͶԷôһ棬һ߿ڻһߺνͷԺУҲ¡
˹ƺǸӣҶĆŵʱѾǰˣ½µʥʿɵȻǸŮҲһɱɣ
ǸŮȲҪɱҪȥ׸ڤ£˶ȻŮŮתýץȥ׸ڤҲڤ¸ӿġ
˹йع˶ȻҶģͷһ߰ģϧôƣҲֻҶġǰҶ˵˾䣺Ȼ֪֪ŵ˹ͰǸ˹ֵģûлˡܹ˫˹ϣҲˣ

ҶĲ˵ֻǾվ﷢һֱ˹һѳ滰˵꣬ſڣ˵ˣѧʲôѧûõڣôϻĹ򶼹㷢ʮδˣ
˵ͷ֣ԼҲͬëѵڻᴫȾҡҡͷ˵˾䣺ڤ´ϰɣ
˹һ㶣ƺû뵽ʥʿȻԼԼֻһӱ·ȻڽԼڤ£Ը㣬ûǸҪ
𣿡
ȻԼĺⱻԷ¿ηΣҶҲûȤٺϻˣһתȼɫ뵣ʥЩġƽʥʿҶĵСϿûʲôͬȴӾƣͨˣֻŶ޷վȽŸ
ɫĹԽԽС嶼˵УڷԼ״ֱ֮Ӿ͹˵ϣһЩѾݷڵϣͣ˫ֱŵ棬һЩҶԼµĹ
ʱҶľһ㣬ȼŽɫĹ棬Ȼɿı飬Ǽ˶ܹоĵǹɽɫ̺ĿֲƣͬһͷŭĹţڵһ΢Сˣ̾ͻŵӡ
˹ҲҶɢС𾪡ڤʿȻҲʹСġֿµûκϸоɼڤҲˡ
⡭ôܣ
Ҫ̧֣ȴεķԼȻһָˣ˾ͺǱסһŶǸߴˣȻĿŶԷĽ˫ƽٵǰɫĹȻ㱼񿴵һͷǰצţ״Сè
Ȼ˻þѵǾ񹥻
˫źݺݵһѾƽٵ˫͵һȫ弡⣬ǿھİ˱ʹĴƾ籡
γһŽɫһǿݻٵǰܼһУҶһƺĺн΢΢һϵĽǶȣƾֻ֮ǽǰԼʮ׾ڵĿ˸ʵԶһЩΪѾڵԼƾʶûܵ
ҶĶƾĲٿأȻܻƾй˼޹飬ȺŵĻȥԼ˿ʪ֮⣬ûгֱʲô״
ЩûлȥĿһеˣλʹߡӾηǰǼһĵװ׵ĸǣղŵһвǻþ
ֻѾһĵϣʲôûУʱ̴ڤ£ȼԼȫС滤˶ǰ˹ȫºûˣʵȴûһõĴˡ
ϻһֽɫûɢȥҶɰųʱͣŶǸ˰һүǣ
ܳʲôԭ˹ʶԼ޷һеһ˲䣬ȻԼǿȻ󡭡ܣѸٵ˻ص˶ǰԼ彫˶󣬱˶ŮͬҶһиɵ
ԼǱˣΪٶ˶еĳìһɹֵһֳΨһЧλ˫һȫʬ
˶ѾûϢ˹˴վ˹ʬûе£ǳִŵվｫں棬ɢâڤ´ʱѾ鲼Ѻۣԭ羫µƷһڤ£ʱһ滵˵һ˲ٽעͶע档
عͷ´Ǹߴˣ˶Բʳţ㾿˭ôӵôǿ
ţƽʥʿ
ܣ˶õϢƽʥʿʵȻǿжĴҲͷˮ׼ˣǿֱҲܾ޴̶ֳȡ
ǲͬģҶķ˷ۣȻ˿һ˲䣬һ£¶һЦݣˣ˶С㣡
˶£漴ҧ촽һĵģΪʵôԵ£ԼһԼ¸ԼǿЩֲǰʲôã
˶ζû뵽ǰģȻǸˡǸڤݴͳȨϵǸˡӦ˵λ
ޡŵ˹ˡ
һƽĳۣԼ޳ɵվ˶ǰȻѾû˰Ϣ˹һ˲仯һƬҳ֮ۼһɫĹţȻʲղ֪ȥ
˶˫ͫӵɣû뵽Ȼλǰλ˵Ļôλƽʥʿôǿ󣬿ҲٶԼвˡϾͨУܲ޷սʤĴڡ
漴ԾһĻͳˣŵ˹ھҶĴԼ׵ĵطͣ˽ŲȻǰ΢΢ǷҶһ񣺡μ棬ŵ˹
ҶҲû뵽λ˯ȻԼôϸһ׹ˡƥ˹Ľ׼ǺԵģԼһֱǺŵȡ˹߯˹ּĽӴԺһ㣬ĻԼǿҲƥ˹ͬĴڣ˯񡭡ǹ˹°ˡ
˹ͬȴڵҶġȻһЩʹȻ˯ŵ˹ضҪҶıһ̶ȵĹֻǳڱϵġ
Ϊ˹ұۣʥսĻҲ˽ķǳ͸Ҷʥս߻ߣԡ
ҲΪԵɣŵ˹ŻԸ֣ΪҶĲὫ˶ɱģھͰڤˣʥսëҶľͳûһʵ̨׽˶ߣŵ˹ĳ֣˵ǷǳҶĴʱ
ͬŵ˹һǷ񣬼Ȼ˼ҶԼҶҲֲúôļһ˶Ƭ̣ʲôҲû˵ŵ˹ֱת˶кһȥɣ
ҶĿڵ˵һ䣺ǸǸոѡͷ֮һҵˣ
ûйϵҪ̫õʱ䣡ŵ˹΢΢ͷúƽشҶġ
仰ҲҶĵǹ΢Ц˹潫ԸصԼڤϰʥսеĴˡ
ֹ֮Ҷ漴Ŀתңƺƫԭ籾򣡡


114 ·
ûֹ˶ŵ˹ȥҶĽСһ±ȻԼĲϣһƽηĿʥķȥһֱҲӰӣЩҲʼûдӵЩͲҶҪǵˡ
صʥ֮Ҷĵһ¾ǽ͵ĸھסʥУȻʲôرõס˾ʥһĽиǽһȽϼ򵥵ķᣬʮûȥᶨԸΪǵˣʲôҲŮȹһҵʱڡ
ʥҲΪҶĵԭ򣬸һŮûжŮܹĹˣԼĺʼ޷վһֵø˵飬ʥе㲻жô֡
ҶȻܹյĴߣҶżҲţԼ˹λʥʿ̹ţҲûĸ۵ļһ£ǵƽĵģҲҶôϲĴܣҲҪԼĸ׽ưˡ
ǵ𣬾ܾ˶ԷԼ͵ĺ⣬ҶĳСһ˻֮뿪ˣȻûԼĽţǰȥǳΧû˵ʱ򽫽ţƽʥٻ˳󴩴ϡ
Ҷٴγֵʱ򣬾ͲǸӱװ磬˸еηĽţƽʥʿˣһ·ʥʿþ;ηĿҶû˼ȥעЩˣһ·뿪ʥ򣬽ƴµķһ粽˾ƾʧһ
Ȼˣ
һīĳĿ˳޷԰ε˫ͫĿ밢ܽ޵߯Ტ۵òվڹͺͺɽϣƾĺ粻ͣϹιǼɫʮּͼĺɫۣǱ졣
Զĺӣһ˼֮Ϊ֮۵İϧһжͻȻֵǸ˶ûκεãҶǿɵһĿıԼͣȻתԼ⻽ӡ
Ǹţƽʥʿ𣿡ºڷ´Ҷģϸĳ̶ҶĻһǲʲôãҺ˵һ䣺ֻһͨ࡭˵Ͳ
ҶĿʼǰˣȻоһֱİ˸о˾ǸʲôϹҲҪ鿴һ£ͬʱ̽̽˾ʲôĿġ
ȻʵѾ˼ֲ²⣬ֻ¶˻ǲ´ˣȴûףҾǽţƽʥʿŵŮʥʿΪ˰ƽŴء
ƺȫЦЦһȻûЦĶôʧ̬쳣õЦݻֳԼⷬĸоҾãûбҪЩĵĻϹľ˵԰ƥ˹ɽϵĳλ
ԭҵ˰ƥ˹񣿡
Ҷ˵㲻ǻ£վԭر첻˵Ȼı飬ǲҶĵ˼˭
ҽһ£ҽ·ƶҲԳƺΪ·ʹŵľųʵϾһùļһΪƥ˹˵ҵݲôزŶԣ
ӰµƤһҶû뵽ǰ˾Ȼ·Ǹʹ˵·ԭʹʵΪǿĴڣںųʹǿʹҲ·Ķ֡
д˵·ΪʹȫΪѾвϵϵϴүϵ۲ϱǿвԼ±˶ʹ
һ·ӵ˿ôҲ޷веĵλˡȻǱȽı۵ĴԣָĴԣһģǿ·ǿ
˵ҲֱۣԱһµĻ·еĵλ൱սڰƥ˹ɽսʤԼڶ֮ͥһΪǿĴڣʱܵʥҶģԲǺţڣȻ󺰳໥ʶʶȥҸƹݺһô򵥡
նͷջֽǾ͸ˣûֱӳһҪҶԴն˾Ѿ൱õˡ
ҽܣһ֪˭Ϊʲô˰ɣ·Ҷʼ򣬳صĻƽʥ·һ죺ô·ųΪʲô
·ЦЦ룬ӦûǵǰܵǸʹ
ҶĲ·ĻõǴܣɱô˵ĻǸʹȻʲôֶǸһʵҲûʲôõĵģֻ·˵ΪʲôԼˣ
Ҳ˵ĹȥҶĴһʹҲǵ壬Ҳ㲻ʲôؿļһԼҲ쾭塣
ֻ㣬ǸﰲʹѾǶʹŵһԱˣΪųңƺбҪһһֱҪܵĶǸʲôļһ
ţҶһ㶣û뵽ǸﰲʹȻ·ľţǲʹһԺ󶼼ùˣϾʹֻţͽȴаĴڣõͽľ
ûʲôģһʹ˵Ҫõǿݵķʽ·ƺ뵽ʲôƵأԵеҶĵ˫Ҳûн࣬Ŀûͣǰϡ
ʱ̣ܶƬ֮·½עǰϣڿµ¿ºѴԸˣ
Ҷ·仰ʲô˼һʱ򣬶ǸͻȻһĺɫƣźɫƽ·ͷĵطУȻͿʼɢ
ȵɢȥ³Ҷǰ·Ѿ׿ͨĳۣǱһƺԽԹɽȥĺɫȫף־׿һ״Ʒһ϶ԣƽʥҲ˿·硣
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пľǸĺ˹˹׽ֻǸ·ûôеġ
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Ѿɽ壬ϵ·ƽڳ˾ȣȻһͻȻ˵˾䣺㡭壡
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⼸κ״ĿռͻȻһ粣һֵһͱҶ㲻öôͨϬһָ׵Ľ
֪ʿУⲫôǿĲûж١ôһ
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ȻռϢҲռôڿ죬Ͼ˫ĻͦԶġ
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Ҷ׳˶һȭȻı׼ǳȴûֻƽһϹȭ
ڵ㲻ֻƾֱȭǱƽʱȫľҪǿһȭʵˣ·ųǿᣬҲúù
Ʋ׵һȭ䵽·ϵʱǱҶǰһȵĶƬ̵ĳ΢΢һ΢ƫ˰֣ȻҶһǹȭײһ
һ϶µһ¶ϵȭཻһһ˲ռƺƬ̵ͣ٣ȻһɿֲҶĽŵǸ̤ǳ˲ɢһ࣬´ǳ΢ı󣬶һеĽײʱನ
⻹Ϊ˶ĲٿضѾﵽһ磬ûжй¶ɵЧ˷ſֽŲܲˣҶĽµɽ̾ͻữΪС
ֵ˫һ֣·ͺһöڵһ˲ͱ޴ȭ˸߿գҶĸӲṳ̀ص͵һףһ˲һִԼ˶Ҫݽȥ
ķԼʹ˺«׳֮󣬲ǿ⿹Ҳ࣬Լй㲻壬·һȻеܣֻƬ֮ԼڱΡҪй⡣
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΢һ£̧ͷҶͷڸ߿е·ǸڳȻƾԼľҲԲеˣʱȥֻλʹŵľųȻһƽǴµѪҶΪ泩
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˿ԼѪյĴָòϣһС㣬Զʿ·û뵽һԼˣ´ĳҪҶײһλ֪ǿҵĶࣺҲӦ֣ˣ
Ҷģֱ֮ͦҶͻȻԼ·Ӳƴһǵȭͷƺ˵ˣȻԼû£ƽʥµĻֲ֣ȴ·һƬžһ˵ϡ
·ڳ˱飬ȴЦݣüͷԼһô⣬µʾԼûȫ·硣
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Ȼ֪ҶǿȣҪܱȻƽʥ»Ҫǿ֣οʿ֮ʱȭȽ϶壬ƿ֣ʵ滹һ㱣ڣƲôԶҲ˲
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һ˵Żһ߽¸߶ȣȵ䵽Ҷǰʱ·ҲԼеĳ͵ΪֹɣҪֳʤô첢һʵʱ룬⸱֮ǰǲܵˣ
ѾƳҶȫʹòϰߵ״̬ս·ȻΪʹǷǳģԵˣҲԸռԷıˡ
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󲽴ӿ˳Ҷ˳һӣѿȭֲ־ͻصϣȻƴ棬һĨǵǳԵѺ۾ʧƴûгֹһ
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ʥһɫǲص𻵣Ҫرʥ±;߱һ޸޲ľȻ޲ڲˣҶģٶ΢һѡ
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ʹֿ׿ԶͶ뵽սȥ·ҲǾȤˣϵ׿ɲʥ²Ҫ߼һЩ𻵡
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ҶĵȥûоκˣΪǴӱ·뿪ʥΨһ֪ľֻǡǵȴҶȡ
رԼСһҶĸԼһҪҪȥ֪ʲôʱܻ˰סҪԼһȥС
ֻûϵΪԼڣСߺûãͳΪһȵزһʱСѾɣĵӵվǰˣֹҲѾ
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˼һĳҶҲһ㲻ɻðɢŸָζĽʬ
ΪŮӣЩԼͬʱԼʦΪڵĶ˶УûпԼʦı飬һ˲ֵͿԵ֪ԼʦҲǺܺá
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ӽ쿪ʼҪԭˣ
仰û˾ʲôˣԭƵ뷨Ȼӽ쿪ʼԭǸҾѾˣңֻΪ˸ڣ
Ҷû˵ʲôⷬǾԲŵģ󣬵ǵ˻ǿΪĸж֮ȥ𣿿϶ԼһµĶǸʱֻ̬仯ˡ
ЩҲҪĿǣֻļ򣺡ӽ쿪ʼ־ͽ˹Ҫ֣Ҫľǣǿ׳
ʱҶĲע⵽ֱͦ߱Ȼָ˳̬ԼҪߣﵽһ׾Ŷࡣ
ӽ׵վֱ˻ͦƵģֻ̫ˣ
ˡڸóƺΪ˹ˡ˵ͷҲڴԼǿ׳ֻͷ۵ǣҪǿ׳ƺʳǱزٵģϽӽʮûгԱʱ
Լ˵֮һֱء졢¡ɭȸоĺ˾ȻЦ˳Цһ֣ˣҲǻˣĸо
ţҶ̧֣һֱڶµһҰȣ·ŪģûԹͱҶǡø˵ˡ
ߣ㲻Ϊʳⵣģ
ֻҪҶ룬ʲôץϣĻҶץֻζֻȫûǸҪˡ
֪ԼҪǿ׳һҪԱĿ˹ʱֻܽӱıʹĵףӹҰȺݺݵҧһڡ
ʱһȽϽСӰ˹ȻһŶ񣬵ǴȻе䣬ɶͿԵ֪ǸŮǱѾˣ
Ҷûлͷûлش𣬷ָָ̧ڿпҰȵĿ˹У㲻ˣҪһǿ׳
СӰ΢΢תڶµĺڰƺһ⣬ÿ˹ĺһ
ҶĽһ仰ֱӱøӹ⣬ϴδŮʥ¡պÿˣ


117 ֮
Ůʥ˹
ԼʦԴôģȻԽּ˵Ĵڸ䵽һ
ǰȻѾĳˡս֮ȴԵеĸ߸ֱֿ꣬ߵŮʥӡ
ӿ˹һɫܹµĵЩʲôŮʥ¿Ƿǳ˾ķۺɫ
Ҵ
ػصͬԼòڶеŮԼǸһۺɫĽ治ͣ߮˹öһںԼЦ
ûпЦ롭ȷôԸģָָԶҶģʱҶķǳԼݵ趨Ĭһԣ˾ͺĳЩݷɵıһ졢䵭һһɭơ
Ҳ޷ֹ˹ɣһۺɫĶܹұǿ׳
Ȼ
ҶĿ˿ڣۺɫĶǺųֻŵŮѡ˲ſӵеսףЩѡˣһӵԶǿĴڡ
ͬʱҪСʥ£ûӵƥǰ£ӦǳصʥµĻôԶ˵ǿ׳
Ŷôã˹е㲻ţһô۵ĶȻôôôãΪʲôǲҿʽҲʺλС㣿
úƽ˵ÿ˹ΪĻش𣺡˵ʥ¼ûʲôˡ
ִֻ𰸿˹ţ˼ܡ
Ǻģƥ˹ȻӵǿŮ񣬵ⲻŮ˵ĵλͻжߣǵҶһ㣬ͬʱ磬ռλԣūϾͿԿĳŮūԶܻӭƷǿ׳ūȻҲңǳɽòŮūȫһϡսʱڡ
ԣ˹ǰŮ˵ʵһͨ飬ϧԼʵж˽Լ˵һĻ̻˶
ûпʲô飬ֻǰһ⣬ȻԶһҪߵľʯôɴı顪мָĲƽ˾̾
áɡ
˹˹ҶҲûбҪнˣ齻ȥ㹻ˣҶ̤;
һΣһմŷۺɫĿףʽŮʥ£ǴƽʮʱȫһҶĵȤŮʥ¿ʽѡ˶ģΪʽʵ̫ˡֻϥǻصȲ֣ȼ׶ûС
ͬʱ⼸Ҳ֪ɽͽСǿʥ¶˳ʥ¾ͷʥУ׼ӭ˹ת
Ůϴλȥʱ˹ͰʥµĹҶķǳڷڲֿˡ
û뵽ǣŮʥ¾ȻﱻˣȻеϣҲνˡڿ˹˵뷨ȥעֻҪܹԼҪΪյٿͿԡ
ȻŮʶĴڣǵǰģʹǱŮʥϿɵˣ߱ŮС桪ǿ˹ɲС棬ŮʥǱҶǿϵģ뵱زࡣ
Ҳ˵Ůʥ¶ڿ˹˵ûκεãԼһѹһܣҲܣһ˦ȴΪ޷պԼʹûаԼԤƵ·߱˦ȥпֱ˦Լϡ
ʱ򣬵ֳŮʥµĺôˣԼϺ󲢲ÿ˹ˣ󲿷ֵĳʥ¸ˡϾŮʥ²Ͽ˹ˣǿ̬ٻЩõġ
˹һ¾ΪʲôҶĻᶨʥ¶ˣҲǱʱֱӽԼŪ˶İš
ˣ˹ֹͣԼıԹר־ϰڸϣԼܹ÷ȻȥһޱΣǰȻ΢е¡ķۺɫס
ÿϰʱǸȻòÿζ޹˼ɵôЦĻﳰԼŮˣÿ˹ơ
Ůˣһǳ˲Ҽ˲öڵסԼò
һ͵͵ĸţ˹һŬӦһһǿȵѵ⼸Լûע⵽£弸ÿ¶ڷŷ츲صı仯
һֱ֮󣬿˹ȵķԼȻ޷Ůʥ´ˣΪλ˴ļ⣬Ůʥ´ʱĴСһֱǰһδʱȷĳߴ磬Ĵ˵Ŀ˹ôŬҲ޷Щײϡ
ûеɥֵ˷ܣڿ԰µķۺɫˣ
Ҫ֪ҶԴӴϿ˹֮󣬾ûԭרٵĵطǰˣ꣬˶ȥģʱ䣬ڰƥ˹߾һ˵һߴϲɫ׵Ĺˣ
޷ϣÿ˹˷ܣοҲע⵽ԼѾڲ֪дģԭѾʧʱӵһ׳˶ı׼׳
ͬʱҲԼĿȺһвģԭСõĿӣȻ߷ֿһĶΨһĽ;ˡ
ҶĴһ֮󣬴ƺҲӡ֤ԼĲ²⣺еսʿģˣ
Ǹһ·ÿ˹ԾѵСèʱҲһɷнµģ°ͳԼͷڵӺ⡣
ʵϣҶĶڿ˹ô̵ʱܹôĽȷе⣬ʱ򲻹һһ׾ŶߵͣѾΪ߳ףһ׳˶ıδ󺺣̶̰ʱ˹һģ
ȻҶʱѵԼֵʳﱣҲôǿ׳ԭ򣬵ٶҲ˸е̾ˡ
Ұƣ˹ߺͼ⻹ܹĻпĳΪԼеǸ󡪡ţýһԴͷͬʱŪһ
ʥȻܴˣܷϵܹڽİｫգôҾͻ͸һ
Ҷ׼ˣֻʲôʱ򽻸ǰ˰ˡǿ˹ǲ֪ģֵĺ˷ܣŵԼһ̵ʱʹüɡʵϣʱѾյĲˣȻӵСļһԲ磬ܹӵҲԶͨʹҪǿĶܹ࣬ʹټ
ϧǣҶԶô׾Ŀ꣬ҶĺܶӵĽԴ˳˹һСĵĻô׵ͻˬ
һδαСĲԼϣԼĻԵĿ˹ͻȻܿһȻԼʦˣǲҡ
ԼĪĪľͱŪ˺ڳֱˮַ۾ͣ񶼹˼ʮûܷԼϰͣԼȫԤϵ˹δˡΪĿ˹
Ƶİ羹Ȼ벻ЧǾǿ˹ͷԴӱս֮Ҳûгʡһ鷳¡ҶĲɽͷˡ
һ·򱱣·ĴׯԽԽ٣˹ߣ뿪ƥ˹ӵ򣬶Ƿǳĵطܹ̤ģ
ࣿҶЦһ˹ܻûʶСУ˿˹ǿһ⣬ʣµĶ㲻ˡ
˹ԼҲӽһֲѵоԽԽԶĿ˹Žӽһߣһ׳˶ļڵı¶˳ϾֻһͨĻؼƬԼһɺƤɵսȹ
лؼƬҶǰùģսȹǿ˹Լǿ׳һͷĲ֮õսƷҲҶΪŵһСȻĻ˵ǣǲʦͻȻ˶ѣĲô׵ĲҶǼһġ
֮⣬˹СϲװŮʥµӣһӰ˵Ķ֮ÿ˹һͰ˹ߵȻ⼸˸ͲҪ˹ȥ飬ҶԣҪڵĸֶԼԼĶ¡
ͬʱʥƺһӣֻҪһͻᷢһƤëСèӷƱ˯ĺͬͬȵƤëֻԲԲԴ¶˳
ȻҶһع˵һֵĶ̤Ƭŷѩ統У˹ȵķ֣ԼϼûʲôڵǾȻȫϺԼǼҪ˵ĺ硣
Ѿôǿ׳ô
Լ׳˶ļ⣬ƺһȽϿ׵ĽͣҶȴ֪˹ı仯ϣҲڷŷ츲صı仯ˣһеļѵУȻں֪С档
Ѿ΢ԷӳһЩˣȻŮʥɲΪˣǿ˹ȴԼǿʹһ̶Լĵǲ
ҶĻǵãǰЩӣһԼҫ˵÷ǳʱӡ
һȥû뵽ջԶҪĶ࣡
˹С棬ĶʽȽСз֮⣬ͬʱҲʱŮʥΪ飬ܵʥӰһ㣬ҶĲûǹǲŵ͵͵ʲôֽţȥǸŮӦù˼ߣҾôԶԼǰҪԼ֪ʲôֽţҲûбҪ˷ʱˣؼұȥ
ԣҶĿԷĴ󵨵˹Ϊ˹ż֮ã˳Ļô˹ԿԳɳΪһŷǳϸĶӡڰƥ˹ڲĶӣһһܱըߵըһŻҵΣնӡ
Ҷĵ˽뵽һƬΪ֮صѩԭдԼ죬Хıѩ˳ûվԼǰˣȴӰҲƲľÿ˹е㾪ţҶȴ⡣
Ѿ˫ۣʶ۲ΧҶȫЩѩҲԼֶƽľ
ۡ
ѩ谭ҶûܹλҶĶԼֹһ䣺úô
ȻǸƽƽ¶һΣǵġȻҲɵ
û¡´μǵСˣԼҲν
ڿ˹ҶĻֽһ˹Ȼôǣǰߣڱѩʧ˷
ڷѩвһһҹѾȼСĿ˹ȵķָղŻԼʹ಻ķѩȻʧˡ
ȵ̧ͷͬʱԼԴüëϵѩʱ򣬲ע⵽ǰƯһŮˡһŽͬʱﻹһӵŮˡ


118 ֮
Ӧ߶ɣ
ҶĿ˿ǰԶǸŮˣ˵ʵͺʹûʲô𣬲˵ͨʹûԱ𣬵߶ȴһɫŮҲΨһˣ
ǻӤô£
ͷһҶʼе㲻ǰһоô˵߶ȺߵģôŸʲô
ã߶ûô˼ֱӾͿ˿ڣﲻӦĵطȥɣǰֻң
ϧĺûеõκδ𸴣߶̾һҲΪ⼸˺ǰЩһûʲô𣬶ǱšпܻѰҵŲ֮뷨֮أǳѩԭʧȥԼ֮⣬ûκεջ
Ȼÿһ֣ȰЩȥǲûһԸĻһЩͼȻЩһ³ܲҾˡ
ļ˸ķӦеأ⼸ԼʱԵеƽˣòڶµĺˣǵɢһԼеΣϢ
ʲôˣѵˣ
пʼ䱸߶ڽӱˣΪֻǴһȺͨðߡ
Щ飬Ҫ̸Ҫȷǲһλ߶
ҶĵӶдһ쳣ƮĸоǰȴǴӷǳԶĵطƵء
ƴȴ߶ɫһ䣬ΪʶʲôǲԼ̫СĲ´˵ʱҶĵִ˹
ֻһ˵᲻еʧҲӦ֮ٺúõ̸̸
ԭ߶ʹһƾԴŴȰЩðȴûӣ˴֮ͷԳһַȰ桪ԷĻһٵҲͻٵˣȻѡǽѵȺһٻǸɴ಻ܲˡ
ֻû뵽Ǹֵ˾ȻܹԼķܹͨԼľԼڣֱӴ˹ӵԽԽöԼòĳ塣
ʲôˣ
ǰ߶ɫ˽䱸ӤҲԾԼ̽ȥ彣
Ŀ˹ȴ֪ЩֻȻŮ֮ǾվǸŮ˶ŷҶĵĻûǸŮ˾һ䱸жֵ
ȫ㲻״Ŀ˹û˵ͬʱҲûֱӳְǸԼǿ˳ͷ˼ΪҲܺ棬Լһֱߵ˾ʲôˣ
ദԽԽã˹Խ˵ءûиеƣ͵ʱԼڴʳ˾ʲôԣˮҲٺȡ
һͨˣʳ״һ˳׵ˣûӡеʱ򣬿˹ֻһεĻ˸Ͳˣڤʹ֮ǿڣǺˡ
֮ǶûжˡҲĳ̶ֳ˵Ѱɣ
ҶĵĻشû߶ģĻʵ̫ģˣͲšңڼ˵İ¶˵Ҳʲôһ˵
ҺãҶҲ֪ƾôһ仰޷߶ģĻûоʹֹͣǼȥϣ㻹ǵñΪжǸˡ
ж
߶һȻ侹Ȼ࣬ϻƮһΡ״Ҷĺᶼͬһʱע⵽һ㣺è壡Ҷľע⵽߶һеĺһۡ
ֻһۣҶķ׸˸⽹һ𾪵޷ڣ˸ȥǸСôײУ˳ֱĥӡǣ
ղһֱûע⵽ҶģʱĿ߶ĻһۣǸ۵СһȻһͷɫͷΪĸ׵߶ȴһͷõĽ𷢣˿ƶϳǺڷġȻӵ۾Ưɫػһһأ˫ɫ۾⡣
ضӦѾ뿪ʮ˲ŶԣôӲô㣿ϸ룬϶ͬŵȻǴ˹ԴĳأҲ
ǣؾȻƾ֮ͰһŮˣ߶Ȼǵͽ񣬵Ҳ񣩣Ǵչү֮۷簡
ǰ߶һˣҶĿЦһȻֱӱݣжڽأĿǰҵĵӣڱУ
ӣ߶˫дŵɻ˰׹Ƕʿ
ƥ˹ɽԼ壬¶붫ͥңԶҰ¶͸𣬶ڶͥǼһ֪߶Ĺ԰еõһļ䴫УͲ֪ͥĴڡ
һʼʱػ˵ò߶˺һΪûм
û
ҶĻ̌һֱͷϵͷ΢΢һ£Ŀ˹ʲôǶ߶ȴܹһ˲俴ͷһֱҹհĺڰ͵ɢȥ¶һΪƵĶòʵϲ໹ǺܴģֻһЩصϽơ
߶˼ֽģȻͷһķͶҶһ֣Ȼôɣ
ȻѯһжҲ֪ʺ̸ȽǴһʵĻҲ١Ͼӽʮʱѵôһ
˵ǣж뿪֮Ѱҵ˿ԼǿķʽȻԶʿûʲô˽⣬ӼҲ֪ܵʿһȺͨ˱һǿڵȺ壬˵ԭֻһȺˣȴƾصճΪ˼ΪǿĴڡ
ж˶ʿôҲζϣݣĻǾͿһˡ
߶ľǰţ̬侹ȻżȸԾҶ̾׹ԼǸСͽﻹҪĹԣǰŮ˸ѾǸԵһɶʲôʣˣὫϳҲϣԱǿΪֻ˲һ
Ͼ߶ﳢԼյķ֮ûа취ذѷ˵ݣôֻȥ洳һˣʱֻܺԲҲΪԵɣزŻΪŮ˲ϲԼɣ
Ǵ
ǰôҲ˶ʮ꣬ӦòڿһŶԣŷ֣ԼǸСͽܲСˣƺҲ˲˲ĵزôԵ龹Ȼһֱûз֣
ȻҲпܷˣʵһֱûбֳҶĲ֪
ôѾûбҪһӳڷ־ˣ
߶ķһ۵ɽǰͣȻָָڵһʯɽȥɽһֱ߾Ϳˣ
˵꣬˾ʧҶ֪߶ԼķȴԼĵе׼е֪תͷͿ˹Ըһ˾ͲҪȥˣҪȥ

Ҷ仰ÿ˹Ծᶼû뵽
ֻҶһһ޴Ӿ͵ѩ棬һؾȻһǿƣĽѩ˵һɿ⣬γһ԰Ŀռ䡣
̧ںһߣһԿĵо¶˳ͬʱеձĩ˻ųһϳʲôˣתͷƳһԵĿ˹
֮УҵӦ͸
˹㶵Ŀǰһɢ⣬ͣչԼһ龹Ȼر𼤶ܹĸоԼľԼѪҺڵĸо
ںŵʵһԵƥ˹ֻ֮㹻ֱϲȦʵӵĳȾԳ󣬽ڻ֮ϵĻôһ˲佫ԼĹӵһĵ˱ĵز
ָָװŵȻǰѵĿ˹˵һĻϵժɣ
˹ڵ仰ˣҶ˵ڵһ˲䣬ߴѾϵһиضȻһֱֱϵժ󽫰ƥ˹֮ĲֱϣŽ˫УһѪоܹоĵ˫ƺ΢΢ڱԼϲá
˫С
ҶĿ˫еҲеԾûбֳֻǵ˵˾䣺˺⣡
˫УֱϻŰƥ˹֮Ŀ˹ͺԭǸսûʲôĽϵԼǻҰ׵ƤҶĲżοڵĿ˹ֻǸΣҪ
һʱ䣬ѾԭǸļһˣڵʸȥһЩˣ
˹һ㶣õϲ֮鶼ɢȥЩţһֱѹĵľ޴޸б˳ƺӦһ֮оȻ˸Ӳõ⣬ԼƸһһ㡣
˵
ǵģ뿪ˣȥɡһ뿪ƬѩԭΪ㰲ŵһο飡
ѩԭϼûеˣҲ˵Ƭѩԭǿ˹ĵˣҪѧӵĻ棬ֻҪĵô㵽սϣҲᶪԼˡʱԶͨ˵ǿս˼䡣
˹˿ԶķѩƬƬͷİɫѩԭĿʱѾ̵ˣǾûĿֹطԴģ˻֮кͰƥ˹֮İĻ
˵ͷ˹ĳҶʩһ񡪡ʽĵϥȻʲôҲû˵ʲôҲûдֻǴŻ֮кͰƥ˹֮ͷҲص߽˱ѩ֮С
ҲȻүǣֻԼȥû˵ʳˮҲ
ڿ˹ĸɴ䣬ҶĺǳԾĿ˿һԵѡ䶯֮Сèмѵ˳Ȼ֨ѰǸԼ˵ļһ

ûǸһӰӣüӷƺɻ󣬻һԽѾˣƶʱˣ
Ҷû˵ʲôת߽ɽ֮Уڿ˹飬ʱĸһˣҪǸս꣬ȻȥԼջһôĹʵ
Ȼѡｻ˹ǶҲġ¶֮߳ȥĿ˹ϴʲôҲᱻΪѰҵŲ뵽ʲôϡ
ҲҶûн˹ԵɡִСʥ˹ϣôŵȺпܻɵԼϣô˹òҵĺӣҲᱻŵȸȥ
ԡҶİţ˹ҲΪľһʵɽǶϡ
ڽ飬֮˵ŶǸС飬صĺӣҲԼ


119 ֮
һβôߵɽȻǰ޴ܶһֻȻʵĸоղǽڶҪԼѹıγ˾޴ķ
ҶģʱҲһֻȷô˾ֻǴ·֪ܿͻ뿪
վܶеŮӣԼ˷Ҫ߶ǸͬĻвûбźӣɫĿףָǷڽϣʱԶ֣һƣ֪Ůûзɾ衣
ҲϾ¶ȫ䣬ֻʣһϣ¶Ȼȴ޷ĺöЩϣõҲһϣõ
һֱػߵ߶СĽһЩҲͱ˳ԸĨˡҶĿԷ⸱ƣֽ̧ϵͷһƣԼò¶˳
͵ĶòҶĳҲǼΪ˿Ҳ֮У߶Ž΢һЩ
֪Ӧôƺ
ʱҶľͺˣȻǰŮ˺пԼͽܵţϾûж֣οĻǰŮ˲֪Լ˶١
ҽ߶
֪ⲻԭְɣҶĺܺ棬ŮΪʲôִ߶֣
߶Ҷĵѯ֮ڽִӽ˿Ϊ¶ãǸбȽϸ߶˵ĴڡԼж֪顣
һ֣ûбҪٱ־ˡ߶˵岻ܹģʵǿҲûҪˣЩıƣֱľͿԽɱܡ
ˣҶĻ֪ԵɣܴܾжģôͿ֤ҶǰĻǼٻ
ڣ߶ҵ֣һѾʲôıˣ߶ԵеįҪе߶ǵļ԰
Ҷ治ð¶һƬжôãնڱѩصУʲôֵػģ¶Ҳʮ㣬Ҳ۷ʱҲռ˺ܶأֻǺ˲ֻһƬѩԭ
ЩҶĵĹϵʵҪ֮
߶̸һλ¶ŮѾ½ӱ˳ڻкţСһܿɰ͸һԲԲ۾ǰҶġ
кŮ
ǸŮ߶ԼĺӵʱԵرᣬղŶҶʱϵӢʧˣʱҶǰŮˣͺһĺӵͨĸһ޶
ŶǸŮǲҲһɣҶָָ߶ǶԽ׵˵ʵչȷܻµʱܰۡ
߶㶣ȻʶҶָʲôǸ΢һʧ֮߶΢һԭ£İɫȻôɢëȻ󡭡һء

ҶĿ˿Ⲽóʷɽ֪ЩʲôװĶʲôˣƶǰλ߶ë
߶ƺҲúܲ˼ɫ΢΢е㷢죺ʵƽʱҶǱģΪսʱҪʹãٽɢ
ڷΪʲôôëƷҶĴſĵƻǺԼǸСͽйء
˵ͷʾԼˣҶĽԼ֮ŵĽһ飬뿪Ƭ֮غ飬ͬʱ֪ڲĺܺãҲڲͣıǿ߶Եúܿġ
ǡ̫ˣ
˶٣ƽһԼ飬߶ֿ˿Ҷģжڻڰƥ˹
ʵҲǺԶʵҪĻܿͿԼɣ
ҶĵĹƣλ߶ȫٷеĻﵽʥҲ˶ʱ䡣Լʱôʱ䣬һԼñಽлҪٶĴҹ䣬˵Զôֲĳ̶ȡ
߶ȻҲ֪һ㣬ǼᶨҡҡͷҪһֱػһֱҲһ죡
üͷĻҶǺܲϲģĺúõģΪʲôҪȥЩĵأ
߶¶һЦɻǿЦһֱԼʶԿˣһжòҵʦʵЩʧεĵڵҲˣʵ޷ĵο
ĶƺƵ߶⼸˲֪ˣʹƵΧûҲ忪ʼ֮صˣ
ΪҪƬģ˰ѩͻǰѩĵôԭ򣬹׾ΪŲ¶ˣµĶ崹ѡ
ʹĶƬطŵƣֻƾ߶һʲô취
ۻеӤ߶ͻȻһֺܲĵĸоǱۣĽԼľ˵˳ϣܹӴĸ
Ҿܾ
ҶĺĴ߶ĻĻظᶼһֻĸоʦô鰡
߶Ҳסˣԭò׺ľһ¾ͱ˼ҸܾˣȫԤϣ֪ӦӦԡ
ĸ׿ԼĺӣҾΪĸ׵㣬ӦԳ棡
ҡ
Ҫ˵ʲôҲ뿪ƨһȺʬ嶼ûʣµˣʲôֵػģ
߶һվҵָҲҵʹᶨķŷһˣҶĶһЩԾ
ðɣһҪػҲҪڳôһҿ϶ı˵ѵ㵱ǰ𣿡
߶ոŭһ¾ɢ˿ȥ㶵վﲻҶĵ⻰ʲô˼ѲλԶʿԸԼػĹ԰ƺе㲻ܡ
Ҳһػ˻Ը£ǸΪһ㣬һֱŬĶԼʵ
Ȼе㻬ͷԣ˵ҲĲŵеʱϲҶˣƤӣĺƴҶĺϲŵСӣϾ˭ϲԼѧһѧϰˣ
̶̲ʮʱؿ޷żԼ֮ǰͨʥͨѶҶ֪Ѿ˵ɵżڵʥ޵еĴڣ˹Ѿ뿪ȥƥ˹ɽȥˣͰǺȾƱƽʥʿڤȥڤǰӶʥһ̽ظ˻ȥ
ͬʱҶĻõһϢڤͷȫѡҶһɱ˵˹ҲڼǰѾ˹ͬʱЩһֱҪҶٽһΡ
ʱԺҶ˵仰ʱ˹ֻûж֣ʦǸ˹Ű̸ţʱƺһЩ𾴣ʦ㲻ܵڤȥʹʦ˰ɣ
ҶҲ⣬ѵ˹ǳǿΪļһ⻰Ҫô˵˵Լһа˹ˣŶԼͿҶֻܶĺŪȥ£ȻĿǰĽչ
С๦ͱɡС徭ֻͨҪۻȥ˾ͿֱɾȥˣС๦﷢ӳҶĶеΪСӾȻԿС๦ƶ뵽κʽȻģɽկƷʵЩģͬ
ʱ֪һʱҶתͷԵᣬ뵽ĴмưֻӦõķΧӹ
Ѿ˵ʵأ߶ҲûʲôˣҲػԸЩǿߣԸһЩͨʹͲʲôѵս
ԭҶĻ뽫شɽһӣһžĺһЩ
ʥսҪ˰ɣƽʥʿǶۼ𣿡
ˣֻʦĽţڲ֪٣̻ʸĽǽţִȥˣӻƽʥһֱûнµţ˼䣬Խţʱţ
ҶĺٺһЦԼһǺö꣬ʥ̻ʶѡҲûȥƽ̻ҲˣΪԼţʥʿǲϧţһŵʹͷΣԽ̻Ҳãͱ˻ƽʥʿʸ˰ɣ
⣬ԭΪΪ̻ʵ깫ֻһܼң̻һְû䵽ͷϣŵʼ޷ȫ
ȻһͣǾǽ̻Ҳսģ깫Ҳμʥսڤûˣ
ο̻Ǳսģ깫սֵʹ깫ûǸλãҲ⣬ֻǵؼʱ̣깫ССıһԼĲǲ˵ôǿ
ʥһ£ôԲŵ뿪ʥֱȥƥ˹ɽȥˣ
깫֮ҶҲǰһҪҲˣ
ջûижΪŵȵҪ󣬵һʥսʮƽ𶼱ǳһΣ³һҲУǲܲ
ԣҶĻһϷҪȥݣֻⳡϷʲôʱݡôǶҶˡ
Ļƽʥʿʼûѡ֪ô£ʥʼղѡԼˣڵ
ô
ҶǸѾͷƺпܳΪƽʥʿ
ظϢҶһֲĸоǵԼ뿪ʥ֮ǰŵȵĸɴŮ˿϶ʲôı
ֻջǱҶĶһԣûȽǰ鴦ñȽϺã߶ʥǱǱȽϺðġ
ƥ˹ɽڽһϷϷ˫ŵȺ͹˹ȵⳡϷˣһὫضŶжģһҪ󡣡
ʲôҪ󣿡
ҿ֮Ҷĵı߶Ծγ˺ķһԿٿ棬滹ͦÿġ
ⲻܣ
߶ܼľܾҶĵҪ󣺡֮ŲԲӴ
ҶЦЦжҲ֣ȴ͸ҵǸСӣңҪֻ֮Ϊȷһ飬ԭҲ֪İɣ
߶գգۣͻȻ뵽ʲôƵرɫ˵жڵ֮ˣ
û
ҶĿ˿϶Ĵ𸴣߶ͻȻޱȸӺ;ᡣԭޱεĽǵȵһз֮ûоѻһЩ
ôж
ģûгΪȥλ񣡡
߶һҶĽž˵һ䣺Ӵ֮˵ڵøǿֱ֮ʲôȴǺ
߶ɫͣı任Ҷ˵ˣҪۿ֮ҪĻҪ֮¼ӡֿܵķϾжҵĵӣλ񡭡ûʲôϵ
߶ޱȵľᵱУȻ֪ѡˣΪְ˵ӦһھܾҶĵҪ䵶򡣿ĵȴڲͣķźǾ仰ǳĶǻʼղɢӦ


120 ʥսĻ
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ǰҶĻû뵽֮Ȼôġۡ
ģһשͷȻһձͳν֮Ҷػش˼ȦûƳ֮ر֮Ϊʲô
˿Χг˷ѩɻǷѩ֮ͶһƬѩ֮У߶ָ׼ȷλãȻҶƾһѩѸɢ벻ƽƽ棬洦ɼСѩŵ
Ϊ˱֮ϵ֮⣬κ˶޷öӡ߶еȻ˹ǰ¶¶֮жģȻö
Ҷ֣Ҫ߶Ļǲģֵһ˲䣬͸о˴֮洫Ŀ֮
Сģ߶ҲûϵҶĻĶ֪֮ʲôƢôƣǳദȵǣֱҶǿƲûжƽ˴֮ϣҲûгʲô״
ȻⶼǱҶĸоĳһֱҪԼָԼŵĵطͣı͵ľˣͱˣҶ˵㾢˲
֮Ͽʼų⻪оȻ׹ӰҶĵָһ飬ԼѾ罹ˡ
ɿԼ֮֮ϵ״˲ʧֻôһգ۵Ĺ֮Ϊĵİ뾶ʮ׷ΧѾ˰ѩ¶ԭģɢһɼ֮ղʩųĵôĿֲ
̧ͷһ߶ﾹȻѾ˿֮ȻҲеֲƽϰóУԶ΢˵㣬֮׼Ĳܸղһ¾ˡ
ûɣ
ع߶ﾹȻѯҶҶе㷢㶵ͬʱҲʶŮƺˡʵŮʼղЩðߵȰͿԵ֪ıˡ
û飡ָ˸Լһת˼֮Եָֽ֪ͦ
߶һЦԼ˵ܶЩĿֲ׵磬ǰ˵ȻֻǾͦ˫֮޴ʵڴ˿¶ţ߶һ߶ܹһǿΪʦеģһҲ΢ԼδôһΡ
ʱҲȷҶĹ֮֮һ̶ȵķӡؿ˳ĵõԼ˶ʧȥһȷѡˡ
Ըˡҵ
Ϊ¶Ů߶ְػŲжп¸ʱȻѡ񸴻һ˿ϣֱʧְȴΪԼѡȷġ
£ҲϣԼôɣ
ԼһɰοԼ߶ﳹ׵ĽЩ鶪ĵ׵ȻѯΧ֮תȦȻüͷ˼Ҷģа취𣿡
šм취
̧֣ҶͻȻʮǰ˵һƬɫƣǻ챦ĵһ㾢̣õϼžءһֱ棬ʮһǳɣһ壬Ȼƺоʲô֮˹ȥ
ԭΪо˵ƣ߶ﻹ΢һЩ˷ļƣͻȻľԼȴû뵽Ҷһ֮󣬾Ȼʲô鶼ûз
ЩɢſֲƵľʧӦƾ˵֮Ҳƽƽ
ôڵϣȻı¾£ѩ˵¡
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ҶĿ˿Ȼֱѩ˴֮һ֮ûаĿܣʵʵıҶһĻ߶ֳһѵ֮Ϊµˣ
˼£֮ϷԾҶĺٺһЦҲóԾֻԼⴸеӡ֮ûа֮ͺһͨûʲô𣡡
ôҪĶɲһֱѩԭ֮ϣȻطûܹ֮Ҳˣ繷ʺ˺ãŹ⻷Ĵܵļһﲢ٣ɽϾͲ֪ס˶ٸˣҶĲɵΪǾ԰ȫˡ
ˣƵıܺãȻںʵʱ򽻸ԼǸСӲȫѡһ·ͣסǵ߶ﲻʱͶ۹⣬Ҷʼû˼һֱص߶סǴɽŽ֮߶ǰպãԺжȡģ
㲻ֱӽߣ߶û뵽ҶĻôţΪҶĻֱӽӴأ
ҶҡҡͷСڻҪĿǰʺӵõȻһʵʵս̫ҲҶĽʥеԭ
ʥսȻһϷǿ϶ҪѹԼʵأҲǳսлȡʵս飬ԺĪĺô
ͬʱҲԽһĥԼϵʹãʥս֮صʵӦûһЩʱ⼫֮ȡҲȽϺˡ
߶ûֻ̫࣬ǵ˵ͷȻ֮ȷӲԼ˺ŽȻպá
󣬱źֳ˵߶ҶĴ۵Сۣ˾Ȼ֪˵ʲôˡĻ˼άϵľ޴˾ȻûйͬĻˣΨһĻҲСӣСӵ˵Ĳˡ
˺ðΣ߶һ䣺Ǹʥսʲôʱ
ĵĳССӹЦҶĬһ£һ𰸣Ӧò˼ˣ
һʥս鷳Ҫ׼̫࣬ʱĻ˹תӦѾʥѵˣҲ˵ʥսѾʽ˵ʱ׶ΣֻҪٹ꣬Ҫʼˣ
һʼʱ䷴˶ʱ䣬ʥսȻĺܴǹףǼʮ˵СģͻЩͨͨ˲Ҳ˶õʱ䣬Ļһ£ĻҲòһꡣ
ҲٹͿٴμأ߶ҲԵúǿģͷԼŮ˵˾䣺ҪԼİְˣ
ҲСһǲܹȻЦĸˣȻҶĺ߶ﶼеĿУһСɵĽðһ㣬ϰŵë̺ѿһЩɾţ˵еƮɵë

ҶĿ˿߶λŮ񲻾ʲôףֻǳԾ˵˾䣺ôС;Լ
ԭǽ׵Ҳ߶һ˵ԽԼĺӣʵҲԽǿ˵߶ǿĴڴһӵʵ¶ЩսǿᲢۡ
Ҳ߶ŮƺŵСһȻһӵô;Ҳ൱ټˣ߶ﵱȻеһЩȣͬʱҲһ˿
ЩҶĶǺ֪ģʱֻĪĿ߶ǾȣȻĺͽİԼŮʰҵë̺ԼԼĺӽǶɻڵĳ£áСһﶮ֮ǰҪָѧοԼĳ
ҶĿ˿С۾Ѱ˰Σȡһ׹ǸӵļɣĲִ٣Ҳû뵽ӵĴڣû׼
һƽİһˮεıʯ׹ӣܼ򵥣ȴƯСĲ֮ˮεıʯɢһ͵ĹâӰסˣҲǾСһǿЦ
׹ѪЧ⵽ʱγһڣȻǺܼ̣Ҳֵܵһ¡
ллҶĵĽܣ߶Ҳ׹۵С׹ʵкĹܵģҲûкҶĿֱӾϾĻôãԼĺҲǶһ㱣
ֻû뵽ҶĶԼﲢ⣬ǵ׹ϴģɽķЧĺһ㣬֣ӢĥԼʱĶͻĻͱٵˡ
Ҷĵ˼ôҲðԼŮȫװһǿ϶Ҫ׼ģϾ߶ƽϲףƺҲ
ͬʱ߶ҲûʲôĹǣĻҶĻÿǸСһʲô
СһܽܲԴ룺ҪɴһVF߸ֵ
룬˿СһССƣҶľǣҲԼӦȿǿһ߶ʵؼʵǿˣȻֺǺǵԼŮʱ򣬷ѾǲǵƵ
߶ĶǿҲԱɣϧҶĵ뷨ŸðͷͨѶˣʦʦ㣡
ʦܻǸŮˣ
Դŵ֪ҶһͨѶ֮󣬾;Ϊس䵱ԼҶĵ٣Ļû¾ҶġŵѾѣɯ׽ŵںϵһ𣬽̻ʵŵɯ׵ģʥġ
ǸŮˡ
ҶһҾ֪ģֽӹͨѶȻߵһĽУʲô飿
洫ɯƽַǳȴԽԽŵȱ˽ӽҶģ뿪Ѿܾ˰ɣ
ô
ֻǾãӦûˣɯЦЦֵľͷźԶҶҲܸоĳʲô˼ʥսˣ
ɣŵȵĵ⾢ͻȻʧ˲٣һЩ⣬Ҳ֪˹ôģȻǰʥս˹Сӵõʥ£
˹˭

һĬҶתͷ۲Զ᣺˹˭
˹ת˷е㻬۾ޱ鵫ȴ˸оеϴβǺʦ˵𣿡
ŶСһ㲻̫ϣ˿ûй˼ŵȻţҶھȻѾѣôʹѾλûʲô˰ɣ
ӦġҪμһսŵȺߺһȻżζһϣһʥսʮƽʥʿԵأ
ðɣһϻȥģ
Ҷ׼ͨʱŵͻȻЦÿŶڵġ
ȻҶľؽӹ̽Ȼ˵˾䣺ʦб䣡
Ҷû˵֪Լͽܿ϶˵׵ģڲ˵ֻ㡭ȻûйҶͨǹһƺҵ˱Ƚϰȫĵص֮󣬲ſڣʦ𣿡
ڵģʲô仯ֱ˵ɣ
ڤжú֣ǰʥսƺһʼǳŵģԭŵļƻһ
ţ
ԭļƻ˫ڿƣһһ㽫еĶʿͶ뵽սУȻ˫սʿһһβҵսƴҲǶʿ⣬ŵȺ͹˹س棬ֻҪʱ¶ʥսŸβҲˡ
ǣڤƺ׼ôˣһʼ㳲˵ֱȡŵȡ伫
⡭سһ£ҶѾͷõƽʥ£ŵɳȥ̽ڤʿĵϸȥˣͬеĻ˹
һ仰ҶĵƤ͵һ


121 ʨյŵ
ҶȳΪƽʥʿʲôϾͺ˵飬ҶҲ׼СѾͷ϶ʥս̨ǱţôҲСһһýɣ
û뵽ŵȾȻôݣֱӰҶȺ˹˳ȥȻŴӵĿ϶Ҷȣ˹˹תǱʥսǣ֪϶ǲκΣյģһĻζšӦʥеλߵĻƽʥʿҪڱҪʱ򱣻
˵ԭоŶλ˾ĪĻȫҶһֵݳʥսˡ
ŵ֪ݺҪݵĽɫֻҪ΢ͽ̻˵һ䣺ҵػϵʥսսôһ仰еĻƽʥʿΪ˱һȥˡ
ҶȲǸոյõƽʥʿˣҪʱҲôۣȫĵʥ˻ҶȾôսôǻԾѡµƽʥʿ
һȺʺ
ǲΪ˹ǸɫתҶʲôΪصĹ۲죬תһѪ꣬սƺںģӦòҶʲôֵ飬Ϊǲ˹μϷĿġ
ͬʱҶѾµҶǰ߯˹תûʲôѲµģԴɯ׿ʼ𽥾Ϊŵ֮ҶľѾµһ㡣
ֻ벻ͨΪʲô߯˹תûоѣĪתʱŵʲôֽţУ߯˹תʲôã
Щ⣬Ҷ˾뿪ʥͷʼմھУǺѿƵģҪȥŸ׿ȫò
ϧôãûŪŵʲôڰƥ˹ɽ࣬뷽跨Ľ߯˹ԼƣļֱеĪ
⽫߯˹תҶȶΣյĻУĪҪ̽ԼǲĲǸŮˣ
ԽԽҶһ֡ӾͲȥô죿ͷԴֻϧжˣѩԭ߶ͬʱҲһս֤߶İȫҶֱʥķ˹ȥ
ͬʱһ˼ɽУһĻƽʥʿһŰɫʥµͭʥʿʯͷʯͷĻԭǰţʥ²ʯϷн̤ʵصİĸУԽ÷ꡣ
Ҷƺͷǰ·ﲻͣƣ̻ʴ˵ڤʿϳ⸽ôʼûпһаϢоĪŪˣ
ҡҡͷͷ˦ԼԺܣһŪģ
ôˣˣͭʥʿҲ˹һߴһߺĿǰλˡ
һλӢŮӣ΢΢ŵĽɫ̷ƽͷθסһ˫ҹհ۾ͣĴĻƽʥ½ϵչ˳˹ǶȿȥԿһS
Щ˹飬˿ûгˣٿѾһԼ޴ʵһƣѵôҾȻͨĸ·ֲ
ʵͨˣ˹Ѿܱ̬ˣϾʲô˶ڶ̶ʱһ㲻Ϣķ·º󻹺ûһģ˹Ǿƣ֤ͣͳļޡ
ֻƽʥʿǳ弫ô򵥶ѣ˹ҪΪⳡϷҪֻ߱Լ֪һ㡣
Ҷȼǰţһֻ˼͵ͣ˽ŲȻԼһ̽һƽ𹭾ͳϣϸͬһʱȡһ֧ƽʸһ۵˲˿Ķ
ɣаڤʿѾоŻС棡
˹ºھԼҶ֮ľ޴ʵ࣬û뵽ºôһ仰æ°ڳӭеƣĴĿȴʾ˸Ͳõ
һ֮ͲҪΪˣΪֱû˵ĵط׷ðɫڤµڤʿǸڤʿѾ㳲ˡ
ǡڤʿϳ𣿡
ƺֻһ˵ΧڤʿһͷƤ顣
Ҷȿ˿ΧҲһԾͬʱаһãսˣ
΢ƮһЩϧأûٴμǸˣҲ֪ôˣ
ԴһģӰ벻Ǹ˵òǸߴģԼеǳĵĿ۰ȴǵ
ջԼͷҶһ֪ڤʿսжӦûΪҸеɣ
ţϿʼȼ˽ɫ뵣żʸԽСøӳԼʵ
ɣȺУǲһСҲ޷صģ
һȣöڤʿ΢΢ֿһЩȻһɫȫʽսףһԾ޴ҿŵͬʱһͷƮݵĺɫŮԾͳҶȵǰ
ζЦݣڤµŮӿҲʮģĸϵһڤ¸ǽ˫ȸԵķǳͻ
ͣһ֪ڤʿеλ൱ߵҶȸеȵǣµС棬ȻѹסҶȵС棬ưĽɫ뵺Ǳѹסһֻʥµıϻ΢¶
ƽʥʿ
Ů˰ͷԴȵĿ´ǰҶȣƺλʥʿǳĺ棺ȻһŮģ
ʲôˣ
֪ΪʲôԷĻƺǶԼŮݵõƽʥʿݶɣҶȷǳĲˬһ䣺㲻ҲǸŮ𣿡ȻǰһŮòҴҲŮԵĴүǡڷŮڤǰһԵ¡𣬶λȴûκα¶һƬװ׵ϸ֫ԼǿɰСꡣ
ͬʱȲϵĻ׾һ˫߸ѥһϸĺƲӦһʱĻŤԼĽס
˵ڤȻƲںܶϸȴֵĽŮԵһЩ֮չ˳һԻͱ޴ĳڤ±Ӧеϡ
һһǸˣôϴ󲿷Ů˶ȥˣ
Ҷȸһ䣬Ȼѯ˶ԷݣǵԼڤʿģǰֵļһӦڤʿ൱߼ĴڣѯʳԷݲ
ڤͷ֮һʨյŵŮҽܵͬʱǿһ£ŵ˹Ŷŵأ
ǿҶȫͷԣʲô˵ģѲڤ绹иһŵ˹ɣ
ڤͷ
㱼䣬Ҷ뵽ԼСʱǸһԼһȻȫûпʲô飬ǵʱһĻ˳Ϊһʥʿͷţ뿪ʥȴֻͷӼᶨ˰ˡ
ʱǸ˹ļһƺҲԳڤͷǸһܿƺǶԼʵšֻϧҶģԼʵûаչʾĻᣬҶҲ֪νͷôǿ
Ҳһ᣿
ͷһ͵ıüᶨ˺þõĻƽҲһ˲ŷǿƣһ֮󣬹⻪ȥɢŽɫâĻƽʸѾŵĿ档
ɹˣ
Ҷһϲ漴ɫһ䣬ΪԼĻƽȻ˶ԷĿڣȴֻڤµУȻѴôܣ
Ǻǣ
΢ЦŵзʱȴԵô̺ĳ֮⣬ֻҪǴľĳ
̧֣ڻϵĻƽʸŵ־ͻƽʸһԣĻƽ𣿺ųƿɱĻƽԭҲ˶ѡҵʱһ޷κεأ
ԼǺɫĳӭ΢΢Ʈķ˿Լǰ°޲Գŵеĵ⣬˵ĻȴԽͷԡ
ΰĻƽļһȥ
˫ûκζľ޴ȴ͵չ˿ԭΧҶΧһڤʿڿŵ󣬾Ȼһɤӣŵ·ҿ㣡
Ȼ󼸺ںͬʱԭסҶȺ˹·ڤʿһ¾ûӰӣΧȦһӡ
Ҷע⵽һ㣬һ粽˹ǰڣ뿪صʥ򽫽쿴ĸ߽̻ʺƽʥʿҪ죡
ʱ˹ŽƬ֮Ѿ˽֣Ȼ󼸺һ˲Լ˾˾ƣû뵽Ȼʱ̳ıʡ֣ԷѾסԼôͻȻˣ
磡
һȴĽȣͬʱ˫չľ޴͵һȻſ³ҼһԽĿ쫷ȻϮ
˹ûκηӦʱͱһ˿ನ䵽˰УȻصˤ䵽˵ϣ޴ʹסԼѵʶǻºɢһãôܡֻǲһ㣬ôµ
̧ͷǰλŻƽʥµ˻ᶨվԼֻǱһ㣬λ˿ȫ˸ղһеĴ󲿷ΪԼס˴󲿷ֵĹûԼֱ
ʵϣҶҲܣղһȻֱӻٵԼϵĻƽ𹭣һȻʥ±⵽ػҲòԼ˵һ
ͷüϸǱ˼ӣͷϵĻƽͷҲѾ䵽˵ϣӶͷµѪӰ쵽Լߣɶ񡭡Ȼôǿ
΢һ۵ڵϵѾûȥˣȻȷӵ˽̻ʵָʾΣҲҪ֤
ǰƸɵĵˡôܻоȥչǸСӡ
ǽ̻ʵָʾŮָʾȻҶһֱνŮǺܸðΪ֤ԼһϸʥʿҲʹѡ
ڴʱ˫۱ǰŵһЦݵĿҶȣʵҲôˣֻҪѡƽʥʿݣȻʥ½һ˧磬ôҿԷһŶ
ɶ񣬲ҪСˣԼ⵽ϷŪҶȱŭȻǰδ֮ǿС棬СоȻһ˿ڤʿеľսơ
ʲôоΨһľǶλŵҲӾȼյĽɫСиеһ˿вŮˣȥˣ
ٴγеʱ򣬶ҶѾϣ˫ְں˼ƺ͵ķųԼռС
ʥҫ壡
޴ҫĿĹҶǰһжУɢĹâǽѾȥյһƬԶеӰע⵽֮͵ĵԼķ
ȻˣӰڷеͬʱͿʼȻ󣺡ǹɹô£


122 ѵ
âɢȥԭƽ̹ĵ·ĳһΪ׺֮һЩڤ΢Щڤʿǣڤʿ߹ŻţǲҪ˿ڡ
ŵǰ棬ҲѾˣ
Ǵ󲿷ڤʿ뷨Ȼ˶ԼЩ־Ŀվԭأûƶֵʨյŵˡ
ŵԼĻףڤϵĻҳһʵڤһЩѣûκεĳֻΪչʾԼûбԷ˵ˡ
ϧأǿľСλ磡óȴôأ
żһ˿㽣ŵıʼնûʲôı仯ЦݿôֻΪȴȫ
ѾûˣȻĻô͹Թ·ɡڤ֮һúŶ
΢΢ָ̧۳һİɢŵǹС棺Ͼ㿴ҲƯء͸Ҿòˬˣ
͵һ֣һޣ޷˿߱˦˳ֱѾȫվס˵Ҷȶȥ
ҵżɣ
𣿡
ͬһʱ䣬Ȼ෴˵˷ǳ״Ļɽһ֮仰ͱ˻ȥ
һŽɫĹâͺһ˶ûüӦʱҶԼŵ֮䣬һЩվȵĳ̳ǼɫĹâڸУΧڤʿһεͬʱҲ޷徿ʲô顣
ŵվıȽϽʵǿȴҲֻһҫĿĽȻԼǳ߾ʧȥƿأͺץסȻݺݵĴԼָקһ
ʲôˣ
ıʣŵһʱʶԷǿԮֻ֣ƾղͿԵ֪˵ʵǿпܱԼǿ
ôܣ
һʱͷֲ²⣬ŵԼʵǷǳŵģһ磬Щôܱһǿŵ˹ʹö˹ֻҪһʱҲǿ俹ģļһڤļһôܴڣ
ŵ뵽ЩоͰջ˫ֱǰȻǸݵЦݿǰһУ˭ҲֻܳΪҵż
˾ԼɻĿУ̳£ڵסĽҲ¶˳ղִ۵Ľ⣬ʱŽɫĹҪ࣬˶ֱܹŽɫĹ棬ҿɢŹľʲôһ
繫ţһͷס⡢ϥǵλöмǵĽɫף׶Լǿ׳ֻͣһվ˶һŸɽĴ
áǿ׳
ŵҲͬˣΪĽϽ˸ԼĳҪߴŵһȺСආǿҵĶࣺԭΪţûʲôϡ棬ĿĲãԭôгǸߴļУ
ͬʱע⵽ǸƽʥʿȻͷ¶˱µİףǱϵĲʼУһƬӰȻʲôҲԭƽʥµͷЧһΪֻ˫ĲУ
ţΪʲôҪôѵʵ˲ûиֻǽʥ¶˹ҡҡͷƺڷԼĲ²⣺ôܣô߼ļôǽţֻмļһﶮʹõģֻ˲ſʹóļɡţ¡Ҳһ
˼ʱ򣬶ǸߴƺҲΧڤʿȻλߴĽţʥʿȻкҲֱӽ˫ָ߾ٹͷŵһ˲ΪһҪͶ
һ֮󣬾Ϳ˺ݺݵĽſ˽µĵ棬ȼյԽҵĽɫ뵣һ¾뵽ᷢʲô
̩̹ǣ
ͷתͬʱǸ˵˫ѾݺݵĻԼµĵϣеǣһ֮󣬶Ǹ˽µĵԶµĵطµĵ涼ûκεı仯һڤʿµĵ濪ʼֹѣͬʱѷҲɫĿֲߣźжڵ±ըһµĵȻըѣµʯҲʯűĿֲһڤʿ˺
ŵҲ޷⣬һб֮󣬼ûκĿռ䣬ֻܱѡӲŵҲԼĵƣ̩̹ǵȷǿޱȣҪ˵壬һ㡭
ֲĴըֹЪվŵҶĿ˿ѾĿ꣬ȫһӵĵ沢ûоöô⣬Լһֱ֮һƬظı˵òҲһǼʮڤʿȨ˳Ϊֹˡ
˹ڵϣΧǿֲĩһľŴ쾹Ȼ˵ˣһֱ˰βһ䣺ǡƽʥʿʵ𣿡
ԭղʹʥҫѾԸĳˣ׺ʽȫһܹʹģȻʥʿųĶʿϲ
ɽǸߴĻƽʥʿĳ֣׵߸Լԭ뷨ʥʿȻˣ
һ߾Լǲǻ˵һԼβܱɷ˴ڵҶʶǰ˲ԼǰĻ֮󣬽͵һֱ˵ϡ
ţ塭
ȻǰǿֲһĻڸǰ˾Բʲô룬޷϶ǲԼϤǸţҶȵŵΣһ㺦¡
ʱﻹһӢ䲻ĻƽʥʿһͨСŮûʲô
ע£ǰǸߴתɿòȴһϤĸоޱϤʹ˹Ѿô˰Ǻþûأȣ
ҶͻȻúܿģֻûлشǰġ塯ѾĿתһԣһֱڵϵǰϣ꣡ʲôأ
ã˹εЦ˹վʥʿΪֲܹѵָҲǷ˵Ĵڣôһ˹Ѿָжˡ
ţ˹鲢ûлĻӦҶĶλû̫ȤʵǸղһۿҶȵʱǰ͹µԼһҲת˹˵ûԼΡ
ɶʮ겻ôôõģѵôײУԴһᣬͬʱ뵽һܣ˵Ϊ߯˹û򣿡
ع֮ҶֿҶȣûСʱģˣҶǣҲϿ߯˹ӡǣȻҶһȴ͸¶䲻Ӣһ밢߯˹Ϊͬ
߯˹սʱȻҲӢϢɸһָ߹ŵĸоƫƫЩоҶϸо
ͬʱǽɫĶ̷Ҳ밢߯˹òγǿҵķϾ߯˹ͷ΢΢˵ĳҶźӡġôõĻȴ谭ߡ
ڵϣͷЦݿԼҶȣҶԴϻ£뵽ǰʱԼǿСֻѽѽӤɵܵġ
Ǹ۳ųô󶼻иˣοǸˣҶҪ뿪ʥδûΪһԵʣǼȥԼܾҪԴϼƻˡ
ڴʱһƬƬʯͻȻһ磬ڴʯгֱ֮ҶĶҶľȵġףһȴô⣬һȣͽɢ
ţôǿ𣿡
һöŮ˹ҶľͼһźӰʯԾһһԿľչϵʯ˿ȥ
չҲϸĸչ˳Ҷʱע⵽ԼĶ֣ţǸŮģ
ԵҶҶҲͲˣԼܸŮԻƽʥʿ˹ּǿŮڤʿҲûʲôϡġ
ô˵Ů˾ǸղҸоǹɹС棿
ڿдʥȻֱһΧڤʿѯʵ鶼ûˣֱӱغͽģ̩̹ǵЧҪ˲롣
û뵽ڤʿȻԼһ»˹顣
ǸŮһѶѵʯ棬µʯ֪˶ڤʿЩڳûһȥ⡣
ҡʨյŵãţƽʥʿ
һǳȤı飬ŵĿⲻͣҶص߮ǵע⵽ҶĵḧͷʱŵıͻȻһ䡣
ô
Ȼļʥʿһ㶣ҶԼղĪʲôֵ飿Ϊʵ̫ʱˡ
ǽɵģǲ׼ģƽʥʿĸӦúͻƽʥʿĸһŶ԰ȻҶԽţûжٰҲ˱ѻƽʥʿ尡
һž˵һѻö˹ԼҶһԴˮֻվǰҶ˰κͻȻʶʲôȻֱܳİգȻһһĶӲճһЦı顣
ţΪ깥ĳֹôԶһŮ¶ôı˶ĵĶ
ŵ˵Ի˰죬Ȼһ̣Ȼͳһձһ˦һֳֺڵӰ֣ƾһ졣
ȵһͣ˲ſоȻһޣ飬Ҫܵͷǽ˵Уɣ
˵һеĳޣٴγһı졣

Ҷתͷָָ̧ǰǸԳŵŮҶһ䣺ķӣ
⸱ӣŵоǳķԸͬΪʥʿӪ˹ҶȶһҶһƣԭţ塭ôŵ𣿡
еǰͱ˵٩֣񾭿ɲһĴִҶԼƽ͹񾭵ˣҲûе̶ֳȣ
ȻĿеţȫôʸ񣬱Ͼţ˼޵еĴڡСʱӡʵ̫ˡ
ŵɲںô࣬˾ȻȫԼһˬ̧־ͽһ˦ɫĳʱͻһ߰Ĵڣڿ߳һ쳣·ߣȻϮҶĵ
ٶٿ죬Ƕٹ죬ҶǰҲǰŪˣһץǡýӵǰץУ۽ǰ滹з񵹴̵ĳޣҶҲһ󲻿죬ǶԵҶ˵˾䣺ϵ˾ŪİɣҰ㱨𣡡
һקŵ͸оһɼ޷ƥеĿֲӱϴ˹ֻ֮ñɿ֣ĿԼİıӱԷȥ֣ɹȥľͲǱˡ
Ҷ˳һף޾ͱԶȻ˿Ի˺۵Ҷȣֿ۶ǹһģŵ
ѧ˵ĺӣҪܵرģҶĽ˫ְһ˼£ȻͣķҴͷһԴװһ߰Сһɣ


123 

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ҶڵͷҶģڸղŵǾ仰ȫʲôرĺ塣
˹ʲôҲ֪ĿȻκ飬εҶչֻƽʥʿǿ󣬶ʲôĶ˵תһս񣬶ս֮ȱȤ
ڶŵѾͷͷָ°ƺ˼ʲôô仰ôأ

Ҷ̾һѡôһ仰ŶǸѾͷܹʶʲôأпڰһȻʺȻǾ仰Ҳǵ˵˵ѣѵѵǸСѾͷ»ҪģΪʲôǴⲻŵ
ҶŮתԡ
ȥܶǸ˼仰Ҷһֱֱڵϵ˫ͻȻһ͵ǰڶݺݵ̤ѾŰһͿʯͷϣ̳֮һƬƬѺۡ
λõȭ͵ĻӶֱ۵ʱָҲչ˿ֱӱȭΪƣƵ˲עֱۣб
ΪĿǰݣҶѾϰʹһеʱСĽɫ뵣ͬʱҲϴŽţͼһҶûжСèģĽţͼ
ִĽɫǴҶӱϷһŵѾûʱȥ˼ҶĶһ˲䣬ŵ͵һԾ˸߿ϣǲĽŵ׻ڤµЬȥ˱һ㡣
ߣţȻˣٶȺԡôܣ
ŵչԼľȻͣͬʱҪһԼĸۣû뵽һ̧ȴѾ˽ţӰ͸оһǿľ¶ϵϮǿ缸εԼ¶СԼ°һۡ
ͷһƣһɫľѾԼС֮ǰŵûüһ䣺ףѾűǿУ
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һҶʹõľԲɽկ棬˲Сƶ⣬һо®ɽԣϾһ͵õ޸һƶʹáȻʱЧá
֮ҶĽоκһΪԼãϾν棬ǰģ
˵ĳ̶ֳϿǱС滹Ҫ߼ĴڣҪ˵ģˣȫʹóСҲǲУǰҶôֻţԽԽȹ̣ŽĿʼ˼С
һУǿҲһɡ
®ɽԻиŵȻûˣһҶĺǾȡǰһ̩̹ǣ氤һԡԼղһʹõǻƽʥʿҲܱĳԺųʥǿһˣûŮˣⲻܣĪѾͷʲô
Ȼô룬ϵĶȴûͣ£һ®ɽԽŵ˸߿֮Ҷͷ˿ͬŭԼŵ
쵰ôʹóһУ
Լ类ǧСҽһʹСŵչԼ˫ԼڿܹסΣȻӸµĿѾص˵ϵĽţ
ȵȡţѵ˹˵ǸǿĻƽʥʿһﾹȻ˵ѧˣѹͷªĴϳԱ񣡡
ţȴͻȻϵҶ˫΢΢濪Ȼֱֱľա
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мת
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ֻ̻Ҫģ
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ϲ֪ٵǳУһϺɫڤѾò˫Ǳ˸׸ɾϻļƬǿڵס˵壬ΨһľϸİۼȻûܵκ˺һ㣬ǰһ㡣
ͬʱŵƺȻô£ûеµ˼ôߵĵطˤʱ򣬻ԵԼƣȻȵڵϡ
Ȼ֫ͬʱŵزôֱۣܱڵĺÿࡣ
̧ͷǸҫ̫һĸߴˣŵܾԼʵǵù˼㣬ΪԼBUGһĴڣ뵽BUGء
ѵԭԭνĳʥսȻô̬һʥսʥȻôǿĻƽʥʿ
ʹСԵľƺûȫɢϧϲأһȷˣʲôˣ
վŵԷֶƺܳԾʵҲûпҶĵȷû뵽ŮȻܹվŶе˼
ȻСѾͷܿסôҲûмıҪˣ˫һţƾͱУȻһǳŵİڱ۶˫͵ǰһƣĶΧһкȫʧһһƬطȻռ䡣
ⲻҪģҪƽǰ򣬶ЩĿȻǸǿվֱŵ
ȻľУֱԭ£˼⻹Ǽļһһ㶼а
һŭŵڱԼȫҲ֪ǲеļʹٴεõͻƣָĻ裬ϸļƼϸ߽ϮԼƫԭĹֻˣһҪĲЩͷҹ򣬶֮ġը
˹ǸԼ˼ŮһĨһ˰գȻžһˤ˵ֻ֮Ǹţƽʥʿʵ̫ˡ
ȻǵˣǾȻԶһŮ֣
޷˾ʲô³˹е̾ǲľУѵţǻƽʥʿоһ𣿡Դ˼
ɲãҶĸղһ˲˶˵ľУꡣ
ŵǰСѾͷȻǿĻ׼վǰͷ۾͸¶ĲޣҪȻƽ磬ŲҪǱǸ׳Ůˣת
ҶĿ˿ǰŮȻӣ³һе֣졢衢֣

ŵеʧȥ˽˫ͫ»ָɣ˵Ҷܹʹó˫ľǿԽܵĻôʹһмֱ͵߸һ֪ⲻҪضʹ
̧ͷҪôµʱֻ˫͵Ĵһʹ˺ѷΰĸоͺľݺݵĴ۾һ
쵰
Ҷջȥ˫ָȷһ㣺ѾͷȻв֮ǻоĵʹĻ
ŵ۾ڵϹȥʱҶֱһŵĲϣ˲ĳֵ˼Ůֱӻ˹ȥ

ҶĵĶҶȺ˹һֻãǸǵˣһǺֲܿĵˣĻͣԼ
ҶǸŵڤʿ߻ʱ˾ͲȥѰ˼Щˣα̻ɳ̽ڤʿû뵽ﲻ˵Ѿʧ˽ӽʮĽţƽʥʿ
ۼʶ˺ųǿĻƽʥʿԼŵŮǲʹ߾ǶôǿĴڡ
ȻҶ˵һ壬ǾԼһֱϣġţ塯ֻˡ
ܶ𣿡
ҶܹΪʥʿȻҲһſֲĻָôһѾָĲˣվҶǰ˿ƺʲô
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Ҷе㲻˼ûʲô̧ͷҶģ塭㻹ôߴ󣡡
ΪԼˣҶԱһվԼɻһСһҲҶȾáţ塯ɻǸţ塯ûʲô仯
ˣЩȲ˵ˣҶ˦˦ϵŵȫȻûһˣҵôСѾͷڤʿ⡭
ƣһƬ֪˶ڤʿҶ֪ûãΪڤʿ˵µĵطǵʵսԺɿԸص㣬취һ㣬ôʥ򼸺ûлʤĿܡǰԼزҪһһ·ƾʵӲ塣
ЩҲҪҶȥᣬʲôëʥսЩĻƽȥͷ۰ɣǼһԴ͵ĺá
ĵŵѾͷѾԿ϶СһҲǴӵģֻôģȻôܵڤʿȥЩҪ顣
򵥵ķʽȻȥڤ˹ΪһԽ߻ԼʵǴ£ڴԽ˵ǾԲ̸ܡԼ㹻ʾСҲᱩ¶
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˿ŵСѾͷҶľԼѾͷܲһԪ˼άϿ϶ԹƵĲࡣ
һ˼ţһʥķǰȻҶȺ˹ϼ縺Ž̻ʵҶڣ̻ʵҲȫᣬĽô飬֮ʥڤҲں
һ·ϣҶĶû˵ҲûгҲǳĬҶһ˵ƣҲĲҳһ·Ե÷ǳĳƣѹֵʵһЩ˹Щмܲס
Ϣʱ˹ֱӱʾԼȥѰʳԼһ
ÿµѹԱߣҪһ
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ʱҶһô£ȻŵֱӼͳ˹ȥ٣ѣѧҪٵˣ
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ԺŵȻһһ߰˼죬ǸʵҶ޷ȥˣ޷ֻ̧ʹ׺ϾۼһտˮȻѩˮñ̹ǣš


һ𣬲һ֮˻ȥߵĴֺžѹŵֱһȭͺ˳ȥҪʲôɶļУ
һȭ޷Ҷʲô˺ҶѾͷôͻȻôˣͿŮȻһȻĽģͷƲҿԼƵأȻѾ⸱ӣֻƾڲҪһŶ
ǸӣȼճһŻ棬ǰһжҶ˵ֻһо
壡


124 ʵ࣡

𡭡ҡˡҡáΡ
ҶͣϵĶֻһ£𣿡
һԼҪƵ۾ûлָȴҲûͣ٣һֱ
ĻشҶǱػɵ̬ȵģֻҲûЩϻͣϵĶֱ֮ӽŵԼǰһţҶһҡҡεЩ˵ŵûκ˵ȨԹԵҶĵǰ
ϧѾͷͲʲôȻʲôˣ˲֮⣬ϲȻһεεġ
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ҶƺܹĵԼĶͷϳ˴Ƭġ֣һֳ嶯ֱһȭǰһɱǸĲֵܲܵסԼȫһ
ڣŵѾͷҲɵ˼ңǼֱԼȭͷȻ֪ԼӵвǱȭͷһٱ϶ж
ҿɲʲôϲŰļͷ
ͷ˵ţǳɴĽյʵʵȻ˫ϥ£ֱͦ壬ǳ׼Ҷĵǰֻ˫鶯۾Ʈ滹ڴʲô⡣
ҶҲ˵ʲôˣֻҪܹԹԵĽԼ֪˵ǾˣھѾͷʲô⣬ʵڲԸȥ롣
ڤʿԭͨ˰ɣ
һʱ֮䲻֪֣ҶĸɴڤʿϿʼ̽Ѱԭе趨ڤʿھ֮ǰͨˣֻѺŻڤʿݲμս
˭֪Ĺ˹ôϾֻܶ˵˴ţβûȥ˵Ҳûȥ⼸񾿾׼Ͼ̫࣬ЩĸһֱҶŪеĸоͲˡ
ôܣ
ŵһھͷҶĵĲ²⣬˵ʶЩƺûбҪһƽʥʿȥ˵ɣϾĳ̶ֳ˵ƽʥʿڤʿУʱȻһ죿
ɶֲͯһڻɣ
ԼһڣͬʱųԼһ£ֻܹҵķӦʵ̫ˣȻһʱ˻شҪȥμϷȵĹھ
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ȥֻ뵽һܣ˵ԭߣ
ƺֻ׵ˣڤʲôȱǲȱˣôڤ֮ѰҳһӵǿΪڤʿҲȫڤ˹ķ
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ͬʱƺҲͳѾͷˣ
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пڤҲߵʲôģȻͶ̥תҲΪʲôڱԲ֮תΪ޷𷨵ĹϵϵתҲת
ʵϣҶĲµĻûʵŵǰȥ֮ûڵϽֻأĪıڤ磬ֻǹ˹ڤȥתǰĳЩطмûоͷĳߡ
һֱ˹Ҫѡڤʿ󲿷ֳ˵鶼˹ȻǽһξѵĻᣬѡϣôͽõڶԶΪڤЧ鷳Ĺ˹ŵͱʾԺÿʥսһˣߵڤ˵սҲԽȴ´εĸ
ŵѹ֮󣬴һӱٮٮߣȻ⼸ҲǱȻģһͨͨŮôܻôնĻӱΪͷ֮һ
ҶĲµ࣬ŵҲûз񶨣ǾȵĵףԭҲܴĿͷһΪǸͷԵļһأ

ҶĵչſĴѾڲֱͣʾھö־סֱճȥĳ嶯
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ҶԼ˹Һõʳʱ򣬿ľôһ档
˵УҲһ˲˽ȻͬĴ𰸡
Ҷȣţ徹ȻǸڤʿߵͷϴţɻܰ
˹ţ˾Ȼڤʿߵͷϴţ治ǺųʥǿĻƽʥʿŵŮʹȻŮĹԽڤʿлǡ˸еޱȵľ尡
һ֮ջĿ⣬Ȼһ˻ѣõʳóѬҶŵ⡣
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ڤ֮ˮҶİһȻŵĲ֮ĺǸйϵ벻ףڤĶ˵ȫΪ˽һϷ½ġαڤ硯ǲֶĲŶ԰
ͬʱƥ˹ɽϵλҲǿԼĸ׵İܹڤ֮ˮһçײײڤ֮еĻôȴǵľֻһڤ޾ԹקԶҲ޷ѳ
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ǿ޿ƥеӲݻ֮⣬ֻľ񹥻ԼֱӹԶ˺
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֪ҶĻᴦŮֻأ᲻ֱӱҰ̾겻ûȻײһˡ
ʵĲˣҶȺ˹ҲʳﴦãݵҶĵϣҶֽһȵݵŵ˾￪ʼŸеʳ
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ĻļҷӦͭʥʿŵߵһвһֱӱڰ˸вҺûƽʥʿΪ֮̾һ
ҶȺҶͬʱֹסҶȴҶȵɫҲÿȴǶŵ۵ĲǴһɻͻȻʶŵô˵ȥĻʥսûʥԼҳһˡ
˿ΧȷԼѾȫ˵ŵٴչԹƣ㿴ΪʥռʥǿĶʿǸŮȴɵȫɵռݵĵطѵûпǹΪܻԼµĻƽʥʿν𣿡
Ȼǡʵ͡ʲôҪҵӣ
鵥˵ֱץŵǲƵڤ£Ȼ˰УñڵϵƵŵôҶȻҶȺ˹Ŀ߽ԱߵĺڰС
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ҲҿԵǿͽԼĪʥսҶȣ˱ʥʿ˶Ůѱ䵽ڤӪĻӿɾʹˡ
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ҶĶѾͷѾ޿κˣѵûзǸܣ
ôŵʱΧԼתŵͻȻͣȻúɵĿⶢԼ˺һͻȻһֲȷѯһ䣺㡭òҲǡ
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һ£һֱΪԼʥʿɣһίģŵ˵ͷͬʱСֹţҲŬʵǵ̫ǿ󣡡֮ġ
ҶżȭȻֱ˵ŵ𾪵ʵʵϣﲢνʥʿ磬ʵ磬ǰƥ˹硭ȻָǽµƬأƬùܡڶͥĹϽΧǵϰ˵Ҳɽ硭
ŵŴ죬ѾҶⷬĺˣ


125 ŵȵ
˼˵ڵ磬νʥʿ磿ŵԼԴתٶе鷢չơ
ڽ֮ǰһֱΪԼʥʿ磬ֻһ㣬ȻΪ˵һڤʿμӵҲʷĵһʥս
⣬ú˷ܣǵ֪ΪڤʿԼΪĴ֮ΪζμʥսһֱܹԼرϲЩΪֹȻѾԲһĻˡ
ƫƫԼŸȷºΰĿ꣬һǿЩ׵ĻƽʥʿԼӣһԼڵ粢ô򵥣
Ȼʥʿ磬Щʥ£Ǹʥô£Ȼ֪ʶ治رҲϣоԲܴʥʿģѲɡбĴ֮һ
ҶԵеΣϾЩģЩûʲô˵ģ򵥵˵ǰƥ˹̫ˣҾһϷšⳡʥս
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ŵоԼͺһɵϣԼԸΪ֮ŬĴ£˼ﾹȻֻһǲƵϷⷴҲ̫ǿһЩ
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⼸ǿ϶飬ҶЩϤҲ֪ôĻϾڵݺҲֻһƽʥʿˣ
ƽʥʿȻʥбĺţʵϾһ߼ڻң˶ѣΪⳡϷеӣƥ˹ǲܽЩһڻҵģôԵ֪ţʵӵеһߣƼһĴڡ
ŵɵеһֻ֮ԼǰһƬڣ˲ʧȥǰķоԼһƬãУô
Ҷʼ磺ѾЩ˵ˣһȥڤ棬˳ʥսģ
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ȫԲµôʱ䣬ŵ˼Ҷ˵ĻʵԡǹмֿţҶĵݺƥ˹ǲĺϤһ㡣
ȥŵĿܱȽϴޱ˵뷨ԹԵĻص˼˵ǰȻһɫĵ̫𡭡ʮӺ󣬾͵˵Ϻĺ˯
ļĸ˵Сûٷκر飬ÿ·ҸطϢһҹ֮صʥ
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ڻƽʥּٻҲû˸£οڳҲ˵λûĻƽʥʿҲƵġ
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ͬʱ߯˹ʱûоԼļ䣬ԻȻ׽ҶģȵⲿּںϽı֮ôʲôЧǾͲ˵ˡ
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ŵƺԼĽ⣬ʱЦҶģû뵽أԭΪʲôŮòʼ޷㣬ԭϲ͵Ůӡ
תһȦȹ΢΢ƮôڵǲͬеĶ
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ǵģŵȺܸɴĳһ㣬ûйĨǣҶĶŵôôɴʹˣĵǲһı
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ϲԼõƥ˹ɽ˭֪Ϊɣ߯˹һϵԸƺ߯˹ϲӽҲԸⱻԽӽδûΪµԵɡ
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ŵЦЦ˵һܺõĽοΪŮ񽫳ΪսƷǶĽѵ㲻Ը𣿡
ҵȻ
ֻϧĻû˵ͱŵȴˣǰҲһţأ밢߯˹תйһκľ޷԰߯˹Ľ֮飬Ҳ޷ķֲ˰ɣ
ҶҲ侲ŵǻŮȷǺöԸĽɫע⵽Լڲ֪о͵̵УֻΪչתİ߯˹һЩøУֻһֹģȫ൱ľ룬һȻʲôᡭȻҲûʲô
ܹĵ𣿻˵ΪһĻ᣿ŵȵЦݱԽаң밢߯˹һηǳܵọ́ԸĿŰ߯˹
ʲô˼
ϵ˼ŵߵҶĵߣȻǰڻƽʥµḧȥŮȳɣаֳϣ


126 
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ƺʲôҶĿŵȿԼɴ̧˫ֽţͷժȻ˳Աһ
ƽͷʯ̳ɵĵϣһ죡
¶˱ĿҶģȻ¶һı飬ŵ΢ЩԾоʲôڽԼƿأƺûбҪİȥ
ҶǰĻһã֮󣬻ƽʥµνӴ⡢棬ȸλöһɫĹâϸŵĻƽʥ͵ĴҶ룬ƹƹҵɢһء
Ҳ֪ĸλĻףڵϹһ󣬷տĴвͣĻصҶŵȾôעţһֱ¹ڼž֮ҶĲżԼĻ
Ҳ˵ĳЩվڹͬӵйͬĿ£ҾͿƾİڲ
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ҶߵŵǰֱһŽੲݵļһ£ȻץסֱӽѾͷУһѾ˽̻ʵ档
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ҡҡ˰죬ŵҲûҳۣҶһͷӣŵˣһھǣһů

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ҶеʱֵȷǶĵ˲ŻŵҪԼжôҲ֣
ŵһȻһӣһĽӦֶŵûвô£ֻǾǰһϹ⣬ϵһ˲䱻ն˿һһСһСεһضǡ
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ΪʲôҪܵʥȥһԼ˳ѵǸţʲôϵ
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ĽͣŵȻЦĺǲã⸱ӡаȻ¶һӣ˫һؿڣȻһĿҶġ

һٴմ״̬ŵѲֱӶһ·֮ҶľͲȥ˳ִӽָȡһŵ˰춼ûعĶ̽
ͨ̽뻹ʥȡϵµ˵֮سĬƬ̣ʵôҲ뿪ɣ
áȻΪʦŵȷҲһСĦо仰˵ûд棬һµģӦ飬ݺĽɫͿԣ˳ⳡϷлһЩʵս飡
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Ȼ֮⣬ҶĻϣܹӦһҶȡ
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ԭҶһŮ˵ڣһźƴûгֹһʧһԵŵ档
ȵҶٴת֮ŵѾ·ãҶļ״̱𽣹⽫ŵ⵱Уֱƥ˹ɽȥԭõڤ£ɽͷûȥᡣ


127 
صƥ˹ɽϵ·̺˳һ·ûʲô谭Ҳûзʲô飬ɽʱŵǸŮҲûԼ鷳
Ҷ֪ԼȻǸŮתһȭʵ϶ǸŮûʲôвģҪ˵壬Ǹת壬ֻҪƬָܻ̾Ȼôô
һʱŵǲ͵͵ԼתǸԼȡİɣϾԼΪ˷ֹǸŮ˷֣ľģһƵŻԭ
˰ƥ˹ɽɻϴʱһģһʹô󲿷ְƥ˹ٻЩ߰ڣΪǳþסİƥ˹ɽ̫ı仯
һ·һЩҶĴкŵŵһ桪һһֵĿ׳ǸԶ˭ǵ֪Լ²ŵľǰƥ˹ɽ֪֮ЩһﶼЩĴ
Щǰ˵ʱԵЩŵĺĲƵ꣬ƯСĶʣͲûֱʳˡ
ƥ˹İܳǿߣ
һûͷûԵĻҶĶ˳ûиκεĽͣŵ˼һ²Ǳ̨ǣҾһֵǳݵǿߣ
óƨ
⻰ζҶҶ˵ֻܸЦڶ︹ҲˣֻǿҶΪθڵòĵﲻֶĳһ䣺˰
Ȼŵûн仰˵ǳıĽҶȻҲֻܵʲôҲû
صԼ깫סŵ޴Ľôгŵͷ˰ΣһֱҶĵӰҪʧˣ׷˵ڤûΰĽˣڤĽ֪Ϊʲô˾ΰֻɭɭ
׷Ҷ֮ŷ֣ҶѾվһһ۵ӽ̸ţǸʿװӽűſһֻ
ϻ
ڻһֻ۾Ƴŵһֱ֮ˣſ·ģԶ̨ռš
ѾǵǸҿģһ̵ƬɢһĹ֮ʵ
˫ҲѾָ˹Ϲ۾ҲѾؼԭҲѾ³˽˶ļ⣬׳ĸҲ԰ڵˡ
ڿͷޣȻſɿԳǲһŵȻûеһʱͷ룬ǵע⵽֮۾Ʋˣʱʲôɫϻͱһȥˡ
룿תͷԱߵҶģⲻɣ
ӡж˶ϲǺڻȻſǵʿűߣôȻǵʿˣôȥʱƺҶıȽˡΧȻҲûбˣǰƥ˹ɽϵߣһȺôҲǺִĶ޿ԳϹϵˡ
˹ȻҲվһԣǺ˵ʹԼŵ˰ƥ˹ɽһȥˡ
Ĵ⵱ҶѾ깫˵˸š
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ɣҶĵ˵ͷĳЩϣƻǿԽһЩ򵥵ĺʥս˵ǿԼȥģ
깫üͷԴûɿʵͬҶѡģŵȻ²ص˵㣬һϲƱˣͬʱеСۣܵ˵ǻûж⣬ǿҲһѡ
ȻҶЩ鷳Ϊǰ޲ôöԸĽɫôҲ˲߯˹Ů˻ǺĶģ깫ȻŵѧҲ˵Ծܾһ
뵽ʱͦҶλɽŵģλҶʱ䲻ĿҪǿĶˣ
һ깫Ѱ˼һ㿪˽飺ôһĻƥ˹ɽǲסˣȻŵȲŮС۵ӣ׼滹ʲôеǣס뱻
ҶĵͷǣҲģԴ˷ǽǣһɽȥ˵ն˶ֵοǵĿҲﵽˣ񼴱ֱӻضҲǲУ
깫ȻҶģ϶ƥ˹ɽﲻٶͥвˣҲ״ʱ̸µʱصҲǲףҲϻ˵ͷֱӵȻˣҲٶԣ߰ɣ
ҶĶһɣҪǶţҲûʲôʰģֱһ̧žͿ¡
ҶԱߵĿ˹λӱȽϳȣҶһҲѯûʲôɣ
˹˵ͷȻֱվ׼Լȥûʲôʰˣ߰ɣ
˵תֱӾߣ룿ͲȥȻܹ˵ʲôദô꣬Ҳ˵ĬҲҶһ˹Ҳȥʲô˴кֱɽ¶ȥ
İƥ˹ɽҲûʲôֵȥк˹ΪרⳡϷѾ˳˯С
ŵҲǲûбҪʱıҲǳ˯ţĴܣ
ҶĽȽϺõĺշ˹˹ҲɽϣʣΨһϤİ߯˹ҶĶ֪
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ΨһֵõĵľǰǸÿػͻȻܳҶĵ㲻һһû޻µˣȵ˰ƥ˹ɽԶһ֮⼸˲ſʼѰ˼Ӧȥ
깫˼ȻѾĿģֱӻضҲˣҶԲôɴĻȥ
Ȳ̸ػʥУǱ߻ѩԭиɰͰ͵أȻҲֱӺͨѶԼֻĹؼ߶ĸŮĸŮԼ֮ʲô⣬ɾ鷳ˡ
һЩҪȥ꽫лطɣ
깫룬ԼҲûʲô˼ҹؼѾˣλҶҲǸ˵ƽʱͺģ˼ͷиҲҪκϣֲɽˣվҶмָңҲֲ˺ãɴˣֱӻȥ۽
ֻɽҶѾ㶨˰ƥ˹񣬻ȥӦܹñ˰ɣ
һ룬ЦҶһȭˣǱԵٻᣡ
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ŵΪе뱳ϣʲŵļ仰ͲҶĵвת˼תͻȻͷ˵˾䣺ҪҵˣʵҲǺģ
ϧֻⷬӵĿҶһǰ׳𣿵ı飬ŵһơ
Ͳ´ͷ
ŵıԹҶľֱǰţ˹ҲѾص۷˵϶Աߣ̤ƣҲǸһԡ
ŵ뱳Ϻ󿴿ȻķΧƺһƻһĴڣ·ɵٿ죬Ҳо档
Ǻء
˰죬ŽĿתһԣžһԷŵĿ˹ŵͻȻеôҲˣ㲻ǰƥ˹𣿡
˹
ҶĵĽǰ涸ȻһᣬȻתͷŵע⵽
ǾԼȷе̫ˣŵȻһò˼ղֻſûȥԶʲôˣҡһֱû˵ȻоĴڡ
ζƵ˹ϣŵԽ˵Խþͦظ°һ㡯ģÿ˹һ
룬˹֪ðѾͷȽϺãǰеҶģֱӿѯʦҪȥģ
һڣҶĻûôأŵֺǾһ£ۣ˵ĺñ׼

ŵСУҶҲûͷֱ˵˾䣺ȥᣡ˳СʦܵźŮ
СʦܵźŮ
СʦȻָأ˹һʥദһӣǶʱҲ˻˵һЩ໥ҲϤɽϿܾ˹صĽˡ
ԶСʦܳλ߶飬Ҳģʦ˵СʦܹܵǸ߶ںӡðģ
Ҷļ򵥵Ľһ£˹ףпһ䣺Ů˰㲻˵ˣǱߵŵɳָͣ
߶ﰦõŮ񰡣ôô˰˵ǸСʦĸҺܺ澿˾Ȼ߶Ůأ
Уɽɡǽɽǲǻ򽣾ʲôİ
Ҳʦľ˹һ֮ͻȻ׹ѾͷҲǺСʦһġǾѹֱʦˣĪԼҪСʦã
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ǰŵҶ޷֮£ֻý˸Ƚϼ򵥵ҽܣɽţҶһ֣
Ҷģŵע⵽ԼȻŵ֪˵ţǸɽŵݣû뵽㿴ľȻѾһˣһΪŶһͷ׷Ӱ׻ĺأ
ҶĻعͷŵһۣòүүˣ
һ仰ŵҭ˵ȻɳǸܶഫͳĶĲˣЩǱڹġ
Сͱϰ˵Ӿӵ˵ģǰ֪ʲô֪ҶľȻҲүүһһӾŵ֪ӦԴôñŤ
ŤŤȥֱͦţͺͿεСѧһ־е̫Ȼ΢һ㣬־ԡ˼ҡأһʱŤŤȥµ롣
һֱڵ뾹ȻֱƿڴŮˣټұŤŤȥҾͰ϶ȥ
һ仰Ҳûʲô˵ģǳ֮ھеԾˡ˹Ҳദ˼ˣǵһ뿪˵ǰһֱΪ޺ͼӷһȻǻͨԣȴ˵
վȻԣһھ˾㲻Լƨûм𣿱ҺܲڻŤŤȥ鷳ƨķʵŤ
һ仰׵ļ⽹ۣҶĸסͣΣ˾䣺˵İ
һͷΪޣ˵˻ˣʲô£
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۾һУ°Ͱĸߣ˻ʲô˵ģǰֻ˵ˡ
Ҷ¿˿룬ƵһμƵأֱ붼е㲻ʲô
ûʲôʼ򣺡û뵽ԭôӣ͵͵ָһ䣺̫ˡ


128 ӣѩ
Դӿ˿֮ҲǲǱ̫ãȻ˵һ·Ҷĺͷۣû뵽һ룡
ҺòԼгŵƺ˵Ϊ棬һ·Ͼһһߴߴ˵û꣬Ҷһڲгеĸо
һֱɵѩԭϿգķѩ谭˵ߣ²òٶȣͬʱһʱŵű죬Χķѩһķ
ôСѾͷûѩ𣿡
أ˵䣬־Ȼû˽ӿڣ¾תۣע⵽ŵķѩ̳
û뵽ŵȻûзšһǰĵطû¹ѩѵһΣҲǺС߸ǼˮУôѩһǵһμое㺦£
仰ҶڸоһͨСŮˣһ񾭴Դһ˼
ͬʱҲ仰֪ŵǰӦϷԲôķѩǲе̫Щ
Ҷվ˵ۣԼƵϰˣո˵󣬽ǿֲıѩΪһ˳μ㾰ǻΪĩ˰ɣвеŵģ
ҶţΧγһƻһĴڣѩ⣬ŵе㲻Ҳ̫ʲôΪ
һҶͫ˿棬ֻһƣͻȻһ漴Ц֪ļһ
˹һԼʦ仰öȻǳʲô⣬ʦԣҲֲͷֻǰΪǼù䣬Ȼ͸Ҷȥ
ŵȻҶĵĻȴ÷ʲô飬ʵҲϷѩʲôе棺ʲô𣿡
ٴαŵһΣǺĵĽ˵и˺ˣ
Ȼܼ̣ȴֱӽ˵˸ΨһŵǣǸ˭ҶĵķӦĪŮѣ
Ҷĵһӣ
ֻϧûŵԺһһ£ֱӰ˳һѽ˵ôʲô
˵䣬Ѿ䵽˵ϣʱŷ֣һƬռﾹȻѩһغƱһ˳
ŵ̧ͷһƣΧһ֣ȻܴûʲôŵҲһȭ٣ȴԷǳ׵Ľѩ⣬Щ©ҲһƬռʲôӰ졣
ٿУһԳʹϴһɫȫףһ˫ִ󽣣վһǼϿţȵŵҲ֮ʹͻȻ¶һЦݣû뵽а֡ͽٶҲûõģǶϴˢǵԭ
ԹԵİͷ˵һĻסϴʹлõٻǰõĻҵ֣ҲԸǴһЩ㣡
ҶĿ˿Ǹֻ߰һʹһôʹôɵƵĴֵʵûŪקĶƵأ
ο
ʹҲ˺һˣ׻ĿҲвٵۣǱˣԶվŵȻҲûܵʲô˺ʹʵôˮƽʲôʱ
Ҷİ˼⣬ó˽ۣܽʹǶɰ׳գôһжԽͨˡ
Ƭ̵ĹѾ˺ȻһȻûתͷѯҶģʦô죿
Ҷʼ򣺡谭ԷɵĿһЩȻָоһϵ˵˾䣺㽫˽
ǣʦ
˵ĶԻûĴҲСĵزοôˣλʹȻܹһ
ǸյᶫȫȻûԼλΰʹҲһŭÿĶˣ
ֻϧĻûеõκεĻӦҶĶȱļһһģ
һԵŵһڴᡣ
߲ߣڱȽĶŮģǰȻеҲڶţSߡ
Ҳһ㣬ǳʵĺɫֱԼһɫˮַ¶汾ڸǵİ۵Ĺϥࡣ
ۡŶ
ЩʲôȻųɽĵطˮַװŵе⣬Ǻܿͷ֣ˮַʲôҲôĲɽܡ
ȻվҲûаڳʲôرļƣȴڲͣĲµĻѩǱγһУΧ᲻ͣת
еĳȻţ˫򽥽ıԭڱϵĺڿ۾ʱҲ֪Ǵ򶷵ʱ˻߸ɴͱԼ
ϵԽۣҶĸоһԼмֽƵɢ˳
ԭղûã
һҶԽĿǸʹ۶øһ¡һˣ治ԽС
ۣͻȻ˫ۣ³˼֣ѣֱ˫ͫ
Żһ䣬ԭûʲôص˫ͫȻɢһɫĹΣ͸¶Ź졣
ҶĶǲ⣬ֻգգֹۣһ䣺Ҳõĳ
һԵĿ˹Ǽֲֻ֡ŵɴ۾˫ͫȻһ棺ô۾ôأ
˼Ƕͫ￴ʱ򣬾ͼὫϵĳǰﵭ˵һ䣺d⣬ǧӣϣ
มأ
ŵ켸һOͣȻ˲Լ۾ǰľûʲô仯Χһðĳע»ķɫꡣ
ʲô
ϧôò˼飬ǰһжͻȻͣ͵ʧûзһķɫ꼸һռȫռݣ˹֮ķѩһ˲谭ԼĹ֣ȻռһƬ
ɫĻɫѩΪһ壬Ƭռ䶼ռݣҶĿ续һֻǸ̾һ䣺Ժ̤ʱôһ£˳ŻԵͻˡ
˹
Ҷ˵һĻΪ˵Ŀ˵һмֱجΡ
ȫûŪ׷ʲô飬һʼŲΪȻ̬ȣһӳҪǿƮƮƺɱĻնʱ򣬷Լе˫ִ󽣾ͺĶһһƬƬиƬ
ԼĿ죬Ͳʧһֱָˣ
޷ǣΪʲôԼʹʥⷨԼָƣϵָǳĽ˶ϵλϣƾʥҫеĶָ±ӻԭȻûܹ˺һĳûг֡
ȡ֮δ߶Լڵʥ⣬Ƕָûнӻԭƺָƴûκιϵһ
ô£
߻Ϊ޷е֣˿ûע⵽æŽָᣬɫĻѾΧ˵С
ȵֵʱԼѾУܵĿռ䶼ˡ
⡭
Ѿ֪ǿĻʵǿɱĴڣٿԼĴ߰һƬҰףûŪ׾ʲô顣

Ľûüͱû˻ĺУȵɢ֮˼ûпκζֻ΢΢һЩɫӿ£׵ѩȾһ֮ɫ
֣ĻܵһۼУһɫĹ⻪±һûʲôϡĳ
նǵǾȻնǵ
һԼŲ˼ĽὫеĳջ˵ʵУ漴һҲɢֱɫĹβɢ

һ֮ͻȻѩϣ̺Һʹ۽ǴҶļ״̾˺̫󣬹Ҳǿʹóģ̿һ˲ưԣ漴һ̧֣ɫӦֶļͷϡ
תͣһľڣŰǹ˺ھֻûһůͣڴȥһˬǹܵĸоҲʧ
ллʦ
´βҪ㶯Լ޷ƿصˣҶͻȻ뵽ҲΪսپ׻ԼǾ仰ʹȻû뵽ƽʱƶʲôôѾͷԭôǿ
ʵսҪԼƵĻҪߣһֵø˵飡
ϸ룬ɽϹѾ˷츲صı仯˰ɣԼ뿪˽ӽʮ꣬󲿷˵ʵӦ˷ԾʽڵΪڴ˵ʵʲôز
ͷֿۻڵϵ᣺𣿡
᳢Ŷ˶ԼȻ˲٣ɲֻܶášһȻôƽûʲô飬ҶĶٻеһΡ
ҶıֱӰᱧԼ񲻴ʣѰ˼ɴæͼ˹ǳʱ˹㣡
ӣᱧڻС˹ı׳˶ӱڻУͺŸһ
һԵŵ֮ǸпۡأǺܳˣʱͰʲôնǵ֮ĶӵһȥˣʱʱñŸϡŹѶϢĿȥɨӿ˹Լᣬ˶ûܡ
εĸоһֱ߶ʧΪŵְעתƵλŮȥˡ
·Ҷľ͸΢ϰһ¡ʶ߶ʵָ¶һȺ󣬶ضĳˣֻΪ¶䣬ֻʣһ߶ƺ֡
ŵԴûתɾ߶һˣеӡʼն˧Ӣ䡢ǿȵȴʻľۼ塣
ЩоûдȰĸ׵ȵȵĴڣƫƫǰ߶˵ĸоһͨĸס
źҶĴ˸к߶ֵĿǸ뱳ϣȻкˮʲôҪĶһС
ôˣ
һԼͻָˣ
˹һԽķɳϣ󻹽ڷһԵëƤӸϣֱһӣŵ˦Թ˸յؾſȥ
Ҷ߶ﺮ֮ûȥˤķҽеŵѯƺָ᣺ղô£
ȻϵʹῪʼ̽һƬѩԭû뵽ľȻô죬ĽͲףԭȻԼϡ
˹Ѿ̤սǶ˫Ѿʹǵעˣ
Ǹʹ̽һģ˹˫ǴӰ¶֮ҵģǲǾζﻹиıأ
ֻʹûϵȴĲǲƱĳ
ô˵ĻǱ߻½ʱһҲ̫һˣ
û䣬ͻȻһףô죿


129 Ѱѣ
Ҷĵȷе֣÷Ӧٿ죬ҲôŰɣǽп˲ûӣкӸϵˣ˵˺ܶˣǸֻһȷ棿
֮ҶľųܣΪ˾Ȼ΢й¶һЩҶĸϵϤϢ
Ǹһ
תĿԼļ˷Ըһ䣺ҳȥѼ棬Ǿұɣе
˹ֱӽӻӱɣ
Ҷ룬˹Ѿ϶۷壬ͬʱҲ˾Ĵ˾
ȻûдﵽȫĲΣͬʱҲûƽһĴۺսҪ֮ϡ
ֻҪǱĲաӰԼ쳶ʹô˹һս֮ԱסȺ˵İȫ
ο
תͷʲôҲᣬſ˯룬ͷ޵ʵӦҲ̫ΣյʱҲһԲܲˣ治ҪҶ̫ġοֲߵ̫ԶȫڵһʱϹ
Ϊʦȥȥأ
û䣬ѾӰɳһ䣺ʦԴӽɣԽûˣ
˹ЦЦعͷ᣺ҪҪ
ûʲô󰭣ʦЧһܺãǹůůĸоѾʧüʹҲһʧʱֻǾеܸоԼܶʱڲʹô
˹ҲƳһ㣬Ȼʱûе˵ˣҪеĻͲҪˣ
᲻ӻȻ飬ǿ˹Ҳʶãβ˽ӣ֪ûнԼĻȥֻüǸ֡ȻǿҲûмޣǶħۣʦԣѾ˲ˣԺɱˣ
˵֮󣬿˹ͲԣֻҸطԹ£ȴû뵽һ̧ͷͿŵ°ͣһĶԼô
ϲǸ
õĲʣǿ϶䡣
˹ȻʲôЦһ¶һεЦݣҡҡͷֻǽá
ǾˣΪôģһرֱӵļһأ˹ϣŵҲͲˣһͬʱϡ۵һ£ŵȫû˳קһë׵ıԼ˸ʵʵ
⼸λȫⲿ£ŵǱȽϽӽ࣬Ƭ޷ѩԭϣʹѰǿҲǿޣɻ䡣
˹׷ˣƬ̣ȻתͷƣЦҡҡͷ۾
һߣҶ뿪Ǵɽֱ֮Ӿ߽˺ХŵıѩУ΢΢ų߲ʹ⻪˫ͫԱ֤߲κεӰ죬Ȼǳ׼ȷĿ֮ǰ
·֮ܵʲô
֮ءѩԭ֮ضָƬ򣬶˵һƬĵĹأ¶ûб߰ƥ˹ҪŽһܹԵʱΪһЦҾ䣬;һȺһﵱ̫Цˡ
ʵҶ˵ʱҲƵ뷨ֻͽ鶪˼Ľȥˡ
·ƺ￴ҶҲе⣬ϵĲǳϸ΢޷Һܿͻع񣺡⣬ƺʲǺܺʣ
⣬ǳʣҶа˶ͽܵϱˣС棬Ȼʵĺܣ
Ŷ·һЦȻҲ㾿жϵģҲûϾݡΪ˿һûҴİ¶壡
ҪѰ𣿡
Ҷ΢һ룬·ʲô̡
õϢսϳһƥ˹ˣֳһԺųǴ֮ҵ˫УȻɱµķˣȻûĲڲһЩȤ
Уʹ֮һļӰоͶǺųơŲĴ˵еı£ɳ˿ʹǰ̽Ƿʲô˿̾ͻһʹǰǴ˵еıشá
ͬʱ·ҲģעķӰвͬǼȻ˿Եõ¶ôǲǴа¶дϣ
¶ûȫ䣬ǶڽʵôҪͳε·˵һѵѡ
ԣ·͵͵ѩԭ֮ϣԼصĺܺõͬʱĴ̽ţϣҵа¶дһЩ˿
ֻûϵǿǸʹȻƬѩԭϱ˽·оǸ˵ϢҶûйǿʹսʱһй¶˳ȥС·ˡ
·΢ųһЩԼϢҶǷʲôӦдʱ˵ļ档
˶һ·ȴ˳Ĭڱ߾սϵǸƥ˹ˣҲǳֱʣҶġ治֪㾿ıЩʲô
Ƭ̵Ĺ·ԼԴ޵ѶϢóһʵΪӽĽۡ
ҶľΪʲôôõʲôΪѶϢ̫٣޴ӵ֪ڿȷǣҶӦԼûʲôͻ
ҶЦ£һӣһƬǺХͣķѩȻֱͣ·΢΢̧ͷһƺԶҲɢƲĳһӣ¶ƬһֱסıգߵķѩҲԽԽСֱȫͣ¡
˵һЩҶʲһҲûʲôرãʽ˵е书һ֮ºһӲʮ㣬Īɵ֮
Ҷһ£ҲӿֲЩͷƬƸɢ˿ȥһҵϡ
·Ȼʶģһ¾ƳҶ⿴ƽƽһ´ʲôԼҶĵĽ֣Կ϶һûгȫȻԼҲһûгȫ
ҶҲǲµ·ûгȫĻ˽̸ʹ϶ż̸ְ൱΢չ¶ЩֶΣ˴ƽȵĵλ֮󣬲źüԻ
·Цһ£Ҳ뵽Ҷĵ⣬ȷ˿ȻɫشҶǰ⣺ȷұΪҵдİ¶壡
Ȼ㷴ʱҲֵһѹĻôǿ׼ƥ˹򵽹ؼʱ̣·ںȻ¶ڲͻȻ뼫˶ӵľһ·ɹĿҲҪࡪֻĽشˣ·ܹ׵ĿƣҲõ⵽
·ϵĺǸɴ࣬ҶĲõˣֻҪõˣԽ䷢չΪԼѡǶɽ̫Զ·˼ɽҲ
ϾļУ硢áͥʵǿңƥ˹ɽȻҲʵۺʵң˹ھڹӲдҪ˶þͻᱻЩսɮһɶ
ڰ¶塭ûҴ߶˵·һʼȷ򵽹ͥϣֿ̫ͣѡ˸óĦİƥ˹塣
Ȼһһİ̲ƥ˹ɽȻĶ򶫷ͿԽͥˮˣĻʱ̫ãѾȲôʱˣңʱԽãԽ
Ҷ룬·ڿѾ׼ͷˣΪܹɹһᶼϷŹһ֪Ƿڵѣܳȷһ
Ҳܹ·ҪôĻõˣеƫִԸ
һֵ𾴵ôϲԸ񣡡
и·˸Ҷһ⣺£ȫԸ׷𣿡
һҪôֱӳɹҪôڻûʼ֮ǰΪйֱܶʧܣ볤ʱģ·µֶΣ
·ƲƲ죬ҶһʮִƵأȻشûشֻģԼµҳ϶ż˵š
ðɣȻҵǿṩһѶϢڰ¶ģ
Ŷ·ȷȤҲе¶֮ʲôǣܲǰ¶Ҵ߶ܶȥ˰ɣ룬ƺҲûܡ
ҶĿ˿·һָ¶ȷҴߣֻʣһˣҲǸ߼壡
·ҶĵĻеʧȻûжԴб̫ϣܹ黹еΣҶ˵ʵ԰¶ָˡ
Ҳİ¶壬Ѿ޷ʲôˣ𣿡
·ѵõ¶һЦֻһͽ壬ʲôãˣ͵ɢĺˣ
˵תȥ־ƣͣסŲֶ࿴Ƭѩԭѹְ¶˿ûļȻûгֻʣһͽ塭Ҳ޼ˣ
ҶĺٺһЦǿɲһ
ʲô˼·ֵĿҶģĻʲô
ֻ㣬¶壬ҲȫѣҶˣֻƬؽҵһͿɽ㹻ȫ
·ҽ̫죨ǳɹǱ𣩶ɽ棬Ҷĵø·ӵ롣
¶ûʲô뷨ģҲԼֻҪð¶ƾͿԣȫûбҪԼĵӺ͵ӵų嵽һȥ
·ǰһһ˿˷漴ͱԼѹȥ
ҶĵĻ޷ȫţϾǰһ뻹¶ûˣ˵԰Լǡ
Īǣ׼԰¶·ֻ뵽һˣ֮벻Ŀܡ
·˼άתô죬ҶҲû뵽Ҫţһ磬ҲľɡбҪҲ֣ܳ
ԵĻ·⣬ҶĵǾ仰Ķ
˵·ĵʲôǾԼеĸ̫٣巽治λߵĴڣʹоաӰС쳶֡
ȻЩ˵Լǲ£ҪһӵϣҲֻƾһ˾ͽȫܵĳ̶ȡ
λߵĴڵĳ֣ôȻ佻֣ЩʹûӦˡ
ʹȻųսǿҲָƽˮƽֻԸ߶սĻֻ·ѡҲôһٳָ·ǿڣԿˡ
ڣҶ˵Ը֣ô͵Լ߶һ߶սҶĻԼȥֵλߴڣֻҪԼλֵʱҶĿԳְסǼôԼͺˡ
УƺжҶĵ仰жٿԣ
ҶƬ̺ͻȻ˾䣺ˣһֱиʣϣܰҽһ£
·һ㶣ʲô
ͷͷϵۻǹ񣿡
Ȼʲô壬ǻشҶĵ⣺ǰĳƺ֮ǰҲйϵڵõĳƺţ
ŶԭҶĵ˵ͷʵûʲôֻȷһӦγƺȷģø˵𣿲֪γƺʹ


130 ʮʹ
·ɫһ䣬ҶĵĻƺָбʹǱһԣĻǿɾʹĲˣ̲ɫĿʼ̽ΧȥѰңʼҲûзʲô״
ʼǲҶɾոɵͷʱ򣬾ԶĵطϤ
ѽѽ˲˵أ
仰һϴŰɫΪףɫ׺ĳۣһͷ̷ϹһЦݣֻЦݣͻһȴһзһֵͬĸо
ʱλΪʹץԼϵͷ·˴кû뵽㰡·ƶ
·¶εһ˲ͫ׾͵һû뵽߾ȻǱһһ쳶ǹҵ𣿡
񡢹ϵָۣĶһڣֻǸλȽϾõĶϰ߳Ϊ񣬲պ⼸ʹϰ߳Ϊ񣬾䱾ҲϲƺҲΪֻԼϴڵ
·λĴҲʼճΪԵɡʲô˼ѵӳ˹һǴˣ
ǰֵλ쳶ҲǹǰĴʹ֮һաС쳶ԼӰڵʹ·ҲͬĴڣֻΪͳʹţֲС
ԭʹԼʹսʹ߳ƴʹкܶ࣬ϧʹҲεֻΪ߲εĴʹʹԼвʹԼͨʹ
ʹҲսֻʣ˰쳶ڵʹ
ܹôβдѾ֤쳶ʵ쳶ǼΪóĴʹҲ·Ƚͷ۵һ֡
û뵽һﾹȻԼҪԼûз֣˳Եļƻпһʼزˡ
ôģ
Щ·쳶ǱصôȴԲԼֵģʵ˵쳶·ҪһЩӦûķŶԣҡʹǾûһóǱġ
쳶ץץͷȻ󲻺˼ȡһֵĶһзһֱ֪ʲôã֪þǿһơǱ״̬Ĺâҫ֮ҲԻָ
·쳶ｲ⣬֪һﻹû˵⣬һԵҶһ棬ͬʱܾһǿҵļӸС
֮⡭һЧǿԽһЩ
쳶һһŲ۵ĶɢһâУͺһâ˸Ļսһ
ͬһʱ䣬·ɫһ䣬ͿԿǰ쳶Լĸ֪УȻôҲ޷о쳶Ĵڡԣĸ֪ǸֵĶˣ
˵Լĸ֪֮쳶ڵĵطֱԶ쿪ȥһõϢǣʲôûУ
ӾϵΡһʹ˵ʲô£΢ʹֶξͿˡ

쳶ǸЦеӣܿͽĿתһֱ˵Ҷϣƺλأ
иеЦݺͺھӼҵһܵںкһҶȴ֪ʮˣ嶥սʵԲСӣȻеĺԼ̸һв
н䱸ţ򱣳ŸղŵģҲһЦݵĵ˵ͷҵ۾һЩر𣡡
ͫĻҲ޷ʹĴڣˣͫҲֻǸоһֵԱߣʲôȴСԼ͸¶ʹõֹ֮ҶжϳʹǱԡ
Ҷĺң֪ͫҪڶϳԿοͫЧɲڴˣҪʱȫԷͻȻ
Ҹľ飬ǸֵĶ߱һеҲ޷ͫʩŵΪֻҪҶĿľͻᱻҲһɫˣǸȻԽϢȴǻ˿ģҲ˵ɱ¶ҶĵĹΧ֮ڡ
д˼ӦζԸ쳶ҶҲ˳ĵ쳶˵ʱ򣬾ԽԵôݵˡ
أȷһԷǳƯǿͫ
Ҷĵ˫۴ʱɫ任ɢ߲⣬Ȼǳ̺ǿ쳶ҲܹĸоĵжҲӿ˼֡
ǰΣյļһ·ûȫ֪ϸҶģ·ǿǲֻһεۼ֤ģһײ·ļƻ˿϶ô׵ľͷԼȥġ
Ȼ·ܿͳ̾һϵĺɫɢȡ֮һĺɫס
ǱҶڳҲУź֮սҺʽԾ֮ǰҪչˣ
쳶Цûб䣬ȴ͸¶һ˿ȷźָǣεս²ԸչˣҾýո¸Ҫ
ɲ·Ļͺ壬ʵĻԼȷҪѷɫһЩοԵĻ·һˡȻ֪Ǹ˵ʵΣܹ·̸ˣƲ̫ɣ
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·ûֱӷں쳶˵ͣǵԵҶһķۣҲڲ
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˵̫ûչ¶Լˣõ˺ܶ˼ҪΰԼٹ⣬бҪչһ£Ǹɲ֪ڸģôٴθһ°ɡ
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·ҧҧ龹ȻӸеǳΣͬʱҲڲ˾ʲôˣ񡭡Ϊҿ𣿽쳶ʩ¼ֲ˶ðɣ
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ʱҶĲ׹ԭ쳶ǰȻͬı仯ԵɾȻǹǸһǱΪý飬쳶ʹ쳶ʩԼ
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ҶĿʼ˼·ܲܵõԼҪЧʱǱߵ·Ҳˡ
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ĿǰʹսһڵأҪô˳Ǹܾ˵Ľ֡
ֻλ֮ɴ䣬ҶĶһֻ쳶Ʋ·ѹȥȻ¶һΪϤЦݣ쳶ʹЦݡǸȻȥˣ
ѽѡȷأ
쳶һ̧֣ԭ֪ȥ˵ĳٴγǰ漴Ǹâٴν쳶У漴·ɢǿֲԼûһеĺɫƾҲκβλʹˡ
ڹڵе쳶·˻֣û뵽ͻʹĽޣѹһֱ˵·ƶ츳õģҲǳɾߵһϧ
ƺǷĵΪ·յͬŸеϧ쳶Ȼ¶Ϊı˱飬׽˸ܵĵַĵı
·û˵յͬţʵû̫ԼʲôдļλʹУ쳶Ĺ۸õģ
쳶鿪ʣҼΪԴ˶ôģʲô鷳ȥ쳶ҲԼʲôݣ߾ܵİԷͬʱΪ쳶óƷμս·Ƕεõ쳶ľΡ
˵ǰ쳶ĴʹĻʹˣǻһֱچ¸ͣ
ټɣ´ټʱ򣬿ܾͲ˵أ
쳶νڷѩʧôĹԭҶĻȥ¾£˹񱩵ķѩٴһƬأ·վڷѩ쳶ʧķ̾˿ͬʱһ񱩵
ȻתµĿҶġΪԼصĺܺãϧҶ˫ͫ£һжΡ
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ʲô·Ȼװһ׵ӣȴ˽䱸
ҶЦһģҲĵˣͳһҩ·ǿѹ궯ϢģȻöжЧܱôӲͦǿ
·ȷԼµȷǱ˿ˣǶͫղŵǷ·˲ȻȻһͫ
콫ҩ£ȻЧޣȷ·úһ㣬Щζ⡣
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ҶȡƿӣοƿţûôŰɣǵζȻôţҲ·˵ôţң˵ⵤҩЧǼΪѳԣһΪǹʣȥǹܹζĵҩȥأ
·Ѿ˵ûˣֻһʵζͣĳͻȥʱ˵Լֱ³Ϊʹ·Ҫʳ滳Լ˵Ļ³ʲô
գʲôҲû³ֻµζһԿȴζȻɢ
ҶĿֻȡһǸҲܵ㣡һúλõĶʹһֶۣó
ʼҶҲ˼˵ΪⶫǴӵģ˲ûи·ֻõʲôҲûȻ··߶סȥ
·ǳ׵巭ˣҸ·Ϊ⣬Ƿ񻹻԰ƥ˹巢һжϵˡ
Ļ·е㲻еҪһǿԼֵѹҶһʵѡͬʱҲΰ¶ܹһЩá
ڷѩǰһ·ҶǴصɽ·ֻ΢΢Ƴһ֮󣬾Ͳɽȷһ㲻۵վԱԼ̽飬о
¶Ƭѩԭ֮оͺƬںһʵ̫Բˣ
·Ҳò̾ƬѩԭܹΪ¶صȷΪ¶̫ģ⼸궼ǶҲ˰¶Ȼıܷۣʹð¶ܹҴ߲
ǱĻ߶ͱҵȻᷢʲôǾ˵׼ˡ
ҶҲͲһ㣬¶ȻֶΣǱѩ֮ȴӡǹһһҲҶһЩ뷨ֻܲ˳ʵʩҪٿ
صһĵط῿ƺѾ˯ˣŵڱĵĶһģ
ΨһľֻվӭҶĵĿ˹Լ¯Աźһ߶
·һ֮۾һʱ߶ϣŮϸоԼһֱѰҵİ¶ǡ
Ůˣüͷһ磺ֻŮˣ
Ҷĳ·˵ͷʾ˵ˣ¶ҴߵȷֻŮˣ
һ·ʧȻŮԡʹһûԱ𣬲֮ǿѡӵԱ𡪡ӡа¶ȷûʲôŮӵмΪǿνŮ㲻ʲô
·ڻȷˣνİ¶ΪԼϣǿҶˣ׼β뵽ս˵׼ôκϽԼҪһ˶ѹ˵иϸԼֵ
İ¶塭ڵΨһǿԸҶṩһʵڻ
ðɣǽĴ˵һ˵ɣ
Ŀ߶˻·תҶģȻ󶨶ĿǸģͺҶĲܸһʵļƻôֱӷҲǲܵ顣
Ҷʼ·һ⣺ڣ㣡
ͷƺ·ǿƽȥȻһ£þƽ͵˵ҲӦþǼºúõһ£
Ҷĵ˵ͷȻ˸յأ̧һӣֱӾͳʵɳ漴Լеһһ˳ƶ·˸롯Ķ
ȵ·Ҳ֮ҶȡһƿѾƣҵ˾ƱСһֱӰԱߵŵĴˡ
˵֮ǰһ飡
ʲô飿·ǳŵĽƱȻһţƥ˹ɽϵѾơڣ
շ˹˹͵ģҶ΢ЦӦһ䣬Ȼ·˹Ʒһھƺ󣬲ʳǾ䣺ʲô飿Լ⡣
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ҶԼʳָȻҡҡһҲЦҪ˵ʲôΪǲܵģ㱳֮ǰ岻ҲһкܶΪ㲻ѱ˭ܱ֤ʹûй뷨Ͼ㲢Ǹʹ
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˺һ·òϣҶ˵ĵȷǶԵģϾա쳶ܱ֤Լ֪뷨ôбѵ˼ôǻǺ
Ȼھͺǲܵģǿϣ
ϣ·Ƭ̣˵ɹѲƿصĿܣ
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·˵ͷҲܹ뵽һˣ
ңڿȥȡƥ˹İʵҾиŮƺҲڸһЩƵ飡
Ŷ·һ漴˹˵ŵȣ
ҶҲǸող뵽ģǾΪʲôŵȻôԼ밢޶ȻԼ˵޳˹ͥսһɣǶģ
ֻҪ΢ϸһ£Ҷľܹеè塣
޵ȷͬ˹սһߵˣŵԼҲ˵Ҫ˹ķԸҲ˵ֻҪ˹뷢ս޲ûû˵ʹ˹ȥ̡
һʵϳڰƥ˹֮ͥսûиԵĸıá𰢲ޣս˹ӦñҶĸɵһĻʹҶȥѰܽ޵߯㵽ԼȥЧһЩ
ϸһ£ҶľͿԷ֣ŵʹԼ밢޶ԭǾ䣺˹εһϡ
Ҳ˵ʲô鷢޻˹ȷ󽫣Ҫ˹ʲô˼ô޾ͱҪ
ԣŵȲʲôؼŮˣƺڴʲô⣡ҶĻĸǾŵȿѾ˹Э飬ǡԼʱ˰ƥ˹ɽʥսϷƥ˹һѵĻᡪס˹ɵ޵ľѻᡣ
ʱЩ֮ҶĶŵǸŮҲȻڵ֪ԼŪǸƻͽ˶ԼķŮ˵ǻŮš
ҶĲǳĿ죬Ļ̤밢ıҾ桪ҶŵǸŮ˿϶ŹᣬԼ򲻴ĹޣǸÿҲӲһ֡
ɹ˹Ҳᰵг֣ƣ޾ҲĿˡȻǶڵ˵ޱ˹ǲͬġ
ŵȻƣһӲģǾ˹ʵСôҲⲻҪ˹һս
ƥ˹ʱ̫ܲκⳡϵ֮λĴսοУսʵҲǼλ
ޱɵĻ˹ҲûáҶҲ˹ɾרΪ˶Ըһ׼ġ
ʣºǸ֪ļһ˹ƻȥרŶλʵ£ôȥƥ˹ɽѾûпԲκϵŵ˹սеˡ߯˹ǿһŵȫƾǻ۽Ů֧
ȥıʹϣŵҲֶԸλ󡪡ۺƽ˹βʱҲ˹ɱԿ϶ŵȶԵС
ˣŵҲҪѡһʼҶģԸԼ룬ֻϧҶĲð
ҶļȻѾŵȵọ̈̄ôͿˡ
Ȼŵ·Щ£ҶҪѣôƺһѡڽеǳʥսȫΪƥ˹ɽдսĵ
ֻҪҶ΢ϾͿԡ


132 ս
·Ľ̸ûн̫ã·Ҳûмط
Ѿ֪Լ֪һУͬʱҲȡܹȡѣڶλʹͳ˧˵Ҫ̸ϻȥԼĲƿסʱ峹׾ѿս׼
·ǴųĻȥģȻΪǿжԼûȫյһЩˣǡҶΪóƵרڣ˼ûȫָҲ̫Ӱ졣
ңҶĻʾ취ƥ˹ɽаŵȽһϵ
ȻܷɺҪ˾̸ܲһȥһǲ̫ŬģϾѾ㹻ˣ˵𣿶ʹ֮
·ĳƺ⣬ȻѾ׼壬ôԭĶʹžųĳƺžͲʺˣʹ֮ƺǳθڣ
˵ûѾ㹻ˣңõرģ
ҶĻôİԼ·ȻһĶûУһֱܺҶľΪʲôЩ飬ĿǰҶĶԼûжģĴʲôͼҲǳŰƥ˹Լ塣
·˵㹻ˣڶʱŹͬĿ꣬Źͬ棬ôͿԺԺʱ˵
Ȼ·ҲһԹˣһҶİ϶һЩر⣬ֻҪԺҶĲԼվ棬ôһж
·ȥ֮ҶĲû뿪ѩԭ߶סͣ൱һѾʺ뿪ˣȻ߶ڶʱڽвΪڿ϶עе·ϡ
ǼȻѾ·һ׼½ϳһ࣬ôҶľ޷ʱ뿪Ƭصɽ
ֻҪƥ˹սͲҪԼٴ˰ɣ
ĻҪǵģ¾ƥ˹ɽżĸɲ϶һЩǡ
ÿ˹ǸСӱĸǿһЩˣ
֮Ҷľ۲֮ȷÿ˹ĸǿһЩˣĿ˹ʵѾԶˮ׼սϺֱײĿ˹ʿͱ߾İΪս
ƾսܵӵĿ˹ҲʼҸӣԶôҸķչȥ
ΪΪս񣬽˶ս֮İ˹λƥ˹ɽеԼܵð΢ʹ˵ֶΣʹһЩԿ˹ͷеĹǣһѪ¾˼ǧɲ˸еζĲҾˣѾǰҽ˼ͥĿ˹һα˹¼ҹˡ
һΣסѾղغ˵Ļ֮ȥЩȺԼ˵Ĺ屨𣬵ȴûǰһô˳
ս˹ڱºֻ֣Ƿ˵Ŀ˹˱Űƺûбĳ·һĻҲ˹ҹ
Ǹ⡭
ƺôãǺɫĽȫڵĿֵķʴʻһ˿Ϸʡ
սݺ޵У൱ƢĿ˹Ҫ쭣Һӻûг׵˻ǰļһԼӵˣͬʱҲǽԼܹԭ
һҹʶԼġ֮便жô޴ĲͲܿġ
ֻΪԷǡ񣿡
Ҷ̧֣һֱڸڶµ¹ҫԵЩ԰ףɾһ֧˿жôǿеŮ˰ϸƣȻڿ˹עӲĽս˹һ
Ҫ˵˹ˣ˹˶һȻڿ˹ǰĲǰ˹ı壬ֳֻһͬʱѡ˸ǿ׳帽ȥĿܣҲʲô˶ܹµģ
룬Ǿһģ˹ĵһӦѯߵݣϧΪҶаһ䣺ɵƣ֮⣬òκεĴ𰸡ҷΪһ仰Ĺ򣬶Ҷֱ˹Ȼʧһʱôͻأ
˹֧ƣͻȻĽصĺҲǿôԼı˰ڲ
ֻΪԼΪսԾķŭΪֻƵɣʧȥ˺ò齨ļͥ
˹ԽԽƣƵһ̶ȵʱλҶѡڱˣսҲҪɱΪҵӱ𣡡
ȭͷ죬˫ۼᶨҶģѾˣǰΨһ԰Լˡͨ˶ԼޱǿôҲһ֪Լһǿ
ȻҲܹµõǰ˿϶ҪԼЩѾνˣֻҪܹôΪ˸ԼҲνѾһˡ
Ҷĺ⣬ҪľЧʵȷ׼˹Ͱ˹ĳޣû뵽˹ǸһôϵԼûʼţǸ׳վ˽ⱳǲڸпܵľŵǸһ
ǡͨ
˼һת͵һԵˣǾ밮Ůܽ޵߯ĽŰ˹ŮҪ΢ͷ磬ô˹³çļһҲ޷͵ġ
ڰܽ޵߯Ϊʲô¡˵ŵȹһǲܵģƥ˹ɽϵŮ֮ûйϵõģŵȺͰܽ޵߯ΪȽ˭ֳôһ粨˰ܽ޵߯ȫûаŵȿӺԼ˵ɡ
ǣҶȴ뵽˼챻һؼ˹ڤ˫֮һ˯ŵ˹Ķⳡ¼Ĺؼ
ŵݣȻư˹ˣǱʹ˳̾һֻ֮氢˹еô㣬벻ҲѰ
һ˹ҲѾ¶ˣֻǿŵӦƺҶÿ˹飬ҲǸŮÿ˹ﵽԼһЩĿģ
УóʱǸŮ˺ú̸һ̸òӱȥʵйˬ
а˼ƽ֮󣬱ȿʼӦǰ顣
ڿ˹⣬ҶˣѾǹص˰ɣ
СҶĲûĴڸ˹ΪʥԿ˹Ѿڲֻ֪ΪûϸµĽ̵˹θõķӳʹķʽǳĴֱ򵥣ǳȺͻſŵʺԼʱʱᱬСԭʼֱɱ¾
ҶҲ׼彻ʲôʽΪֲ׼ÿ˹ΪһʥʿҪÿ˹һϡСɫǱܹһС棬״̬ͣսĹĻ
ҶǺڴģֻǰҪһǿ׳ļ𻵵
Ҫһ㣬ҶĵȻа취׼ԼҾѧڸ˹ͬʱԼҵЩѧΪķʱ䣬ܲÿ˹չظٰʮٳɣҲδ̫ûЧˡ
ԣҶ뵽취ǾͽԭҶĻڿʲô취ŵĳȴһѣƥ˹ؽзǳʵĶﵽԼĿ
ûҶĵĿڤ֮ˮ
˹֪ҶѾδ¶ĵͷȻеɬֻҪսҾͿԱ֤Ҫʱ򱬷
ʹСķֱܴӰܲȶҶҲȥԼȥɡ
ʵϲӦյһǿ󵽿в
ҶĵĻÿ˹һ˷ܣԭԼڵصȻôǿ󣺡ǲζţֻҪҼͿսʤˣ
ϧ漴ûдҶĵ϶Ĵ𰸣Ƕͷһˮ
ȥΪ޷ǿǸʱʬ嶼᳹׵ĻΪ۳Ҳ磡
˹ֻúòȼ˲ͱ˱飬ҪҶģΪʲôôΣյڸԼӵսԼͬǱѩޣ
һ룬ֺ޲ֻҲԼעˣЦҡҡͷ˾ģνֻҪܹɱǸ쵰»ɻҲûйϵ
Ҷ¶һЦݣͿ˹־ģȻԼЦݲܱ˹ڿ˹Ҷʼһصļһ
ģа취ԽֻҪܹҵһôͿԼΪޱǿĴڣȣҲ˿·磡
˹ҶĵĿʼ߰ʹСȥµħһǸʱ㽫ڵǹ񶼸еĳ̶ȣҲΪ޷һеһУֻҪܹҵǸڣôͿԵõ
Ҷ˵֮ⷬ󣬿˿ǰƽؿ˹ֻƵĸһ䣺֪깫Ǽһºˣһ˿Ҫˣ治ʺֹԺʵĻɽɡﶼþûиˣ
ãĿ˹ûлӦֻû뵽龹Ȼ·תԼбǿϣһԱôǿ
̫Ĵ̼е㷴Ӧ֪ӦðڳһʲôıӦͳӡ
˹һƽķ㶣ĿǰҶģҶĿ˹ûлӦҲεԭء
һɽ紵ɵվɽϵɱԭͣǿ˹ĭŴĳš
ǸҪȥѰҵġʲô
ˮһҶİһԼȥˣ
ˮ
ûһֻڤеˮڤڤеĺˮҶĺڴ˹طһʲôӦ
Ҫ֪깵˵ڤǾһĵطͺڶ˵ҪҸǶڵظһʡ
Ȼ˹ıüΪʣȲ˵ڤӣֻڤֻ˵ȴûпȥĵطǾˡ
ȥڤ磿ʲô˼Īȥ
ǵطû˵˭ܻŽȥ˹ɲΪԼܹΪڿЦ𣿡
ȻǣҶĺٺЦЦֻЦʱԼص㣬ԵôɭԼֲ⸱ͣԽĲˣģҼȻ˵طȻͷҴײһΪ㰲һǳϸ򵼣ֻȡڤ֮ˮԼ˳ڤ֮ˮϴԼȫǾҪԼˣ
ɭĻдһ˿ϣ˹ȷԼлĿ֮һѾȼֻɲãҶĸŵλϸ򵼡ʱСè䲻ͣϲȥȻں֮͵Ĵ˸磬˼ӷһĿˮ

ŭСһֱһȭŵڵأȻǲץŵȹӽԼɣҡβ߿ˣڵϵŵأƣôͻȻһֲĸо


133 ɶ
˹ˡŵҲ鲻ԸˣȻܹҶģ˵Ӧһ²ŶԣŵֲɵϣøҶ߲ŻдôϾҶܵɣҶֻȥ·֮Լ
ŵ뿪ֻ֮һˣǺһ¾ࡣ
յĲ˵˹ҲǸϲ˵ûӣ׻ңڴˣҲһЩ
ͦʬż߶߶ƾ˭ΪǸ裬Ǹ
СèӷƵǺܻãССۣҴܣһûӰˣϲ˵ȻСе
˵ص߶Ǹһ˵ŮˣһôãԭܻҲӲĥƽӣʱԼĺӡȻû֣˵ҪС
ͬȤҶͨ̽ʱʱɽǱһģѯԼˣõϢο
ԼǼӶѾûϵĵǡ뼸ѾܲˣЩȽӵҲһһż
Ψһľλ̫࣬վûпһͲһŵʱ򹦰ܴɣ˵ʱ㰲꣬ҲǾô޺ˡ
ҶĶԴҲֻܸ̾һ䣺վȫ֪ȫܵĴڣе龡Ҳˣ̫ǿ󣡡
Ҳе㵣»Ӱ쵽룬վǵʵ۵ˣ˶ˣûи̫Ӱ죬ܿͻָ˹Ȼÿ޿˿оͽ̵ɽЩС黭ȼգ÷ḻЩ˵ѧʶ
£ҶıȽľͥƺʼжӵĵԽԣѾɽɵĵǶܲԾĵز
ͥڵİƥ˹ɽûʲôӦȻȥϷˣлӦŹ֣ڰƥ˹ɽܹŵԼޣǸÿعΪ߯˹æ
ڰ˹ŵư˹ȥҿ˹˵鷳Ҳнעɢȥ˼ŮˣȻ뷽跨Ľת䵽Լķͷۣ
ͥǱߣȻûȥɽΪй߶йϵΪͨ˶ͥһЩɽ϶ٻ֪һЩġ
ݴ޾Ⱥ͸¶һͥҪѴˣѾȷ˱ֱָҪ翪ս
ԭʹŵȼԼļƻǽеİŶһԣӭս̬Ů˴ʱ˳ѾҶĻڰƥ˹ɽԭˣΪܹסƥ˹񣬱ͥܵеľ
ǿһ㣬ŮڲŸҷĴ󵨵Ҷıѹϵ뷽跨ͬΪƥ˹һϵǼ
ڷǷ浹Ǻ˼ƺû뵽ǧֻбͥȻҪǷ̬ƣ̬÷һڷӡ޺еͷԡ
һʼʱ򻹳˻ҡ޺ͥǷҺòӦ죬һʱ͵Լµ޺սɮǲ˷ߣͬʱǰߣͥıңңţûиֱͥӷ͵ϮĻᡣ
ֱʱ򣬷ķǲŷӦѾȻҪģ
һͨʱ͸ҶģͥĴѾɽԶĵطڿƣҲѾƣ˫Ĵսһ˫æһ򣺵߶ս
˼սƴǱԴԼڣ֮սעظ߶սıƴ
ͥ꯵ͳ˧Լµһڽ֮⣬ۻȸ˹ȥͬʱҲϸоͽ۲ս
СС֪񽫸ʤҲټűǰߣɼ˴ͥѪҪһǧڲӶ
ѪҲܾɼ˹ȥӦӦȻԼƨӰ쵽˷ԭƶĴ²̲ļƻ
ԲΪ𣬳˱ӷ޺֮⣬ȸԼ·˹ȥ
ΪӦͥ߶սƽＫԼôܷĶսʤ˴Ҳǰߣɼһս˫εȵӡ
ʱҶҲ࣬һ˫Ҫƴһһս֮󣬹ͥǷ磬һǧ֮ʲô
Ҳͥ棬ǾҪһκݵãûû˵ɧңһݵֱӽˣǾ͸ˡֻԼҲ֪ʵ̫͡
Ҷľã۰пܻʲô
²һȴû̫ͷҶֻýעջصԼǰҪԵϣϾͥĴսôңҲ顣
ΨһҪĵľͥսܣôսҵɽɿܻܵҶҲ΢ԣ֪ͨң
ҶȻ޷ֱӻصɽȥҲûʲôãԷô֣ܹ޳ɽɣԲмܵס
ǱˣɽıǾݶֻҪԣҶĴԶԶݶϵȻɽսУٽǾݶ
ѾˣѾǲĴڣҸطչҲδɣ޳ɽɣɽĲ㣿¾ͥɽɻչˣǵؽ綼ǶˣŽҰҪȥֱӰɽͷڰƥ˹ɽԱߡ˹ҲʾԣпֱҪҶĽס
ֻҪ浽ǵزҶҲôŵȰ˹ɵ˵϶ͷԶԶġ
̧תһȦ˳ɽһƽ̨֮ϣ߶סطǺܲġȻɽ֮ڣɽȴͨ˴ɽһ壬úŪ·пܡ
ɽλõס֮⣬ɽɽƽ̨ԼɽҶķһƬ¶ƽ̨;תתҲ͸͸
·뿪˼£ʱûϢ·ǱûϢһȽϺõϢ⡪֤·Ѿ彻ֲֲ֧סˣԲҶġ
ڣ߶ڽ׼ȻƽǰﶨȻǳӿֻǲ·û̽ûһԹĴʹˡ
ѵõճҶͻȻӦȡͨѶ˶ϣضʲô飿
ʱϵľֻˣɽǱŸͨʾĿǰһԲʱԼͥвɽҲô졣
ӶԽﴫƺе㽹Ҷֻһ䣺ʦȥЩ飡
Ҷһ̾ʲô˼̽ϸһλܣԼλ÷ءȻҲɢԼԼ̫ˣϾԶ壬ȺʹһֱĶƬѩԭأ
ܿ죬Ҷľע⵽лһɫĹâһɫһԼ
ɫâӳһ˲䣬Ҷĵɫ͵һ䣬ĿȻܹһɫĲȫеأǱرڻеǸˡ
˵Ҷȣ
صٶȲƬ̼ѾҶվŵǴƽ̨ϣ漴ͽﱧŵҶȷ
ʱҶɫҰף촽һƬ࣬Ǵ΢΢̷ʱΪѪ۵Ĺϵճһ𣬶ϵƽʥ¸ǲҲ̶ãüûһá
ǶĻƽ򣬴ʱһ֧Ѿײһ֧ҲֻʣһСظͬʱҶȺ󱳵ʥ³׵ıȥڱӦʥ±ŵ۰׼ʱҵĽֱӡ
ҶԿ鼹׵ǴƤ﷭˳һƬϵһƬãûѪðԭѪҺͱڵգԵǼɭɭĹͷӿɲ
˭˭ɵģ
ƣԲһܹģôصƣǾȻ˹¡
ҶĵܹסҶȵǼ׵ܵش¾ʹ˳Ϊһˡ
ȻȫûбҪΪȥҶȵģҶȥҲʲô˵ģֻǰ߯˹תˣð߯˹ѹ
ǣϾԼģǿһСӤɳ֪飬Ҳȫŭ
ǰޡ
ż·Ҳ˲ʱ΢е˼ڵº֮˵һҶľȵϢ⣬ŵתһ£ǾҶȾôȥĻô߯˹ıҲ൱Զ޷ѹˣ
ʲô
ԭΪҶȾʹȥҲûʲô飬ð߯˹һˣû뵽龹Ȼص̶ֳȣ
飬ҪȥѯŵȣĿǰҪĻȱסȵ
ȻҪѣҶȻŭϵĶȴ˿ûϰ֣챦УѪԾӦֶѪɫľɢŵܰ㣬ȽҶȼ˽ȥ
ѪɫԽԽŨҶĵɫҲò԰ֻȴ˿ͣЪ˳һյĹҶȺǿɲƽ˱仯
ԭİɭɭͷֻصڣҰһ죬Լв״ƺ
ⷭļһѪҲĻָƽҶĵľ͵һ漴һգҶȵļڻָģһ£Ҷֻؿ类صĴһ£ԼѪǺƾʧһЩǰһֱԵ
ҺΪͣھѸתѣУȵƬ̺󽥽ľûʲôˡֻǲ԰׵ɫȴûкתһʧԼѪ
ѪȻ֮ЧҲõİƵһ̶ȣҪѪΪܽ
ϧ΢̽һ֮շҶȵȻԼκãǼ׵ȴûкתԼվЩר޴˵ʿǣѪȻվֻһ书Ҫ֮ӵһ㣬ҪԼΪΪ֮пܡ
ʲô׹ǡõҶĵ˽֮ʱȥһ£
Ҳô£һɶ˸ﻹô䣿
Ȼɫ԰ףȴƽҶȣҶ̾˿漴ϵʥһ㣬ƽʥ漴ҶȣȻڰֵģ
ֻΪƲԵôҶһӣһ֮ʥ漴һŽɫС棬Ȼ󻺻߿գŹâһɫʥķȥ
ؿҶû˵ʲôѾԼʦʲѾĨȥҶʥеĺۼҲζ³Ϊ״̬
ӵʥ·ɻʥҲڸʥеˣƽʥʿˡʬʲôġƽʥʿʬ޴ˣ˻ȥ⡣
ȻҶ漴أʲô
ʼ򣺡Ϊ˱֤˹˳ڤ磬¶ϺѾٵսˣ
ŶҲûȥˣ°ɣ˵ŻҶȱҲüԼŮˣ
šţɶ


134 
Ů죬ۣ˫ƺ֪ӦôڲźʣԻȥǰȻ˰죬ȴʼƲҪʲô˭Ů
Ҷĺƿ׳һ˳Сӣ˵ȻŮ˭ˣѵ㵱ʲôԼã
ΪֻΪ߶£ȻΪദվǸŮû뵽û뵽һľҲǵˣȻӶĵˡ
ҵĺӣһʼǲţ漴־òǲܣžһɵ֣ٺٺ٣
ЦҶﶼëëģֱ̼ܲɵˣضû°ɣ
û£û£ֻе̫ȣû뵽Ҳǵˣ˵˴ͻȻԼ뿪߶Ҳнʮ꣬ô߶һཫģ
ĻǺӻ᲻Լֻ᲻ԸԼף
ҺҶĿĵǣ㿪ҲصģǺڲ󣬻ʲôأ˵ռɫȻֵ̣뷲˲ͬն⻳̥ͲһҪãСɫָ糣
ԼŮˣ㻹Ųô
һ仰˵ɫޱΣֻӦһ䣺ʦѵǣ㲻ٿˣԼʦȻɽͨš
Խǰߣؾ;ԼԽԽ죬ȵǰʱǿ༸Ҫһ㣬ǵԼ߶ʱԭ궯˲ƽǸԼõݣر˰ڱһ䣺㡭ĺ𣿡
ƲС߶һط𻰲ȥܣҶıҶֱǴĳɳϣⶫҶŪģ˺öëƤů͵ĽƽﶼǱŵռţŵڣ濴飬ҶıһѪ۵Ҷȹµ棬λ˳
ʦǡ
ҶҡҡͷΪʦҲǺ˵ǰ޸ɵģ
ҲҶǰ߯˹תŽԼǸãôģõת𣿡
ҶһʼҲ벻ףʱȴˣŰ޺һʼһ˼ֻǸתɱҲ԰߯˹ûӰ죬ҽɱܻð߯˹ıǰָʶ
˰޲Żº֣Ǵô⡪ҲпΪѰ߯˹ţŭ֮ҵת壬һǻŭҶˡ
Ȼһԭ򣬾ǰһôƵͨķˣ̫߰Ϊֻǵ΢ϣūʸ뷨ļһôԼϲתģûֱӽҶȺңƻΪҶòа߯˹Ӱӡ
ֻû뵽߯˹ŵȵƣת岢ԭôһ£뱾ŽܵϵҶȾôпв߯˹塣
а֪һ㣬֪α顪Ҷľһ϶ὫƵŵϣȻȥŵˡһʶԼˣǻֱӰɱļ򵥡
ʵϣҶĵĲ²ͬʵµ²ûʲôֻãЩҲƲˡ
ȡһЩҩȸҶȷ£Ҷֲ鿴»µƣȷʣµֻһЩƤˣȻ鷳һЩҲΣ֮һ
ʱҶҲ۾
ûʲôһҲûзʲôĺҶȵ˫еͻأеҶľһ£ǼǰףôͻȻ˫ۣȻֱҶĶӣָоֱþݡ
ˣ
˾ôһҶȿ˿ڣôһڣҶȵӺдһ˿ʧ͵ıϲ
ţ塭
Ҷ죬ûϵȻֻƾҶȾϳԼԼڵ뵱ʥʱôҲܹжϡ
ȻѾϳˣҲûҪϣţܾȰɣ
¶һ쳣õЦݣƺоܿһţһ˫ۼгһϸϸߣ촽Ҳһ𣬵ǳӳֳʱ顣
Ƭ֮ϵЦݾͽȥҶ˫ƺһ˿ˣѾ˷𣿡
һսʿԼǼΪ˽ģԼ嶼˽⣬˽ս
۾ָʶһӣҶȾѾԼĿǰ״زȻ֪ȴֶ̧µĲ֡ȫоЩλĴڡ
ҶĸһҶȵĶͷķ˿Ĩһԣõģһ취κģҶȻǿԸһЦݣǸǲĻֻ֮Լµ˵¡
ӦҲˣʵҲǰƥ˹ˣʵǶһˣΪǵŮŵʶаѵһʥʿ˲ŻʥС
ԼݴԵ˵һ飬ҶһǿԼʵǺŮһǿڣȻѾ̱ˣǲǾͲκá
ʦںˣ
վһԣƺһȴԵĿ˹Уתͷһۣ漴¶һЦʦҲܺĲȰɣĻͲʦˣ
⻰һ˵ҲͲ˵ʲôˡȻҶȫ˽״̬ºϵġദôãʦӴҲ˽һ¡
˵ˣʦϤ˻Ǻչ˺ܹĵģһϺ˵ĸоȻʱ˸е塣
ҶȼӤʱھҶĿųģʹʱ뿪ˣļ䣬עҶĲҶȳȴܲˡ޹ʲô߯˹ˣȫΪꡣ
ҶҶ˵ʱһֱûгôҶ˵һֱҶ˵ˣŹԹԵһ

ӦҶͻȻһһȭ޻ϵĸоԼѾ˵һѣû뵽Ѿͷôɵֱӵͷʾģ֪ôˮʲô
קһƤëƳɵıȻҶȸǺãúϢһ°ɣƲûȬҪúõϢУ
֪ǲΪٴμԼġţ塯ΪʲôҶ˯ĺܰģҶĽӸǺ֮ǰѾͷѾ±۾Ƭ̼ͽ硣
ֱʱܹѯʣûɣ
ԽţʥʿŮʥס˺ܳһʥʱҶĻҪã˶ҶȣҲȫġҲǿСһﳤġ
ղȻֵΪ䵭һһԸ̣ʱǻҶȵ˭˸۵˺ڼ仰ֱ֮û˶еġ
û飬̫ܵأȻһչԪЩҪúϢУ
ҶȻֶΣȴڹɵˣһЩɵİˣⴿƤôͨϾ书˵ɵҽ
ҶȵҷŵһԣΪҶĻһЩҪѯŵȲܾδ
ҲҪô鷳ֱӴҶȻضҲˣҶβãɽҲβãд޾ѯʣֱͥѰæȥѰ̫ϾȡһЩɵչкʵķӵġ
ƫƫ黹ǣŵʹֶԼ߯˹Ů񣬾ΰ죬Ҫ˽ϸ֮С
ţʥսҲ򵽺ˣŵȵ಼ܷɹͿʱ̬չǵʥսȥŮ˺úʣŵǲܵȵǸʱģҶĹţĹ򣬾ԼȥŵȣŵԼҲ
תҶĿ˿ڻ¯ԣ粢һȻһͬŪСһǶԡޡ
Ժʲô𣿡
ݵģ黹ȽϺãʦѯʣҲӵݻظ߶Ȼüͷ˵
Ҷ룬ΪҲˣϾ츳죬٣ʮ⾰޵㾳ȻУҪҲǹԭѧԼ۾飬һҪΪʦɽǱޣ
ⷬǽŵüͷչϾ߶ǾԲ뿪ƬѩԭģϾƬѩԭڰ¶ΨһҴ˵̫̫࣬߶пƬѩԭһֱҲһ죬׷ڶ¶ĽŲȥ
Ҳܾͽ߶һ˶οڻ˺ӣΪӣعʦƺҲҪ飬οҪȥɽŴ񡪡Ҷĵӣ㲻ɽͽ
ԴˣҶĵľǣʱŮһȥɽһˣȫˣͬʱҲжˣ޶ٻش˵ضҲˣ
Ҳô£Ҫ߶ڴ˵ضӣҲһѩԭҲǲܵ飬ҲҪȥתת
һƾʦԸǣ
ȻҶĶ׵ˣҲûʲôò׵ĵطǻʲô˼հҲˡ
һ˫ޱ⣬ʱͻȻ˿ڣҲ
Ȼմڴ˴ƽﲻ죬ԹҸطһſʮ²طҲϡ棬ůϻڴ졣ö֮˼˻ôһһ
Ҳ
ţҲ£뵹Ƕ⣬ҲʲôˣҲóӣֱӾͽ˵ˣ·һȪһָңһҪ
ԭôԵɣֻûϵƽƽһɽ澹ȻлȪȪǲǾݶɽֶ𣿲ĻȪ¶Σ
רȥһֱ֮ӵǻȪһҽӣ
ʱҶĻָѾֲǻ룡
£ҶĻЩͻȻ˾䣺۵ĻǴƵģ˻һڳˢˢĿ⼯еϣҲͦġ
һԴˮ˿ˣ˶һ֮ɫԻ
Ҷİ˸ĵı飺ֻʣ
ĻشҶһ벻ִۣ

˹׷һ䣺ôܺ
ҪѰһĶ츣أһ³һӣ龭ữΪ룡
֪ԭôһڣǺ뼸ۣһôҲ𣿡
ǸǲһģܻܵʱӰ죡
˵ô࣬ҶȴͻȻ㿴˴˵ػȪĪҪɣ
ֻһ˵ȴ˵ͷ⼸ľ࣬޳νҵѣ˭´λ᲻ôˣܵñ֤һܹԳô˻ᵮһ룬Ҳ㾡Ӧ񣡡


135 ټŵ
޶ʼǺˣ˲Ҳᶯ˼
Ҷһʵͷǲ࣬ϾΪֻҪ⣬ǲĴڡ
ܹһ޳ɽɣǿ൱ڲˡ޾Ԫɻûܵĳ̶ȣΪĻ׵ĵһɣԻϽɾ޵еûΪвûϵĵǣȻͬڲ
ºһԵɾΪ壬ƺֲҶǣοֻҪ͵Ȼùż⡣
Ӵ޾ѯģ֪ΪԽԽ׵ºһ㣬ĵ･Ҳûô˼ˣֻһаŮҲãûҲ޷˳Ȼǡ
Χļȴô룬ҶЩӼǴͨûѰɼ޵ءĥʲôģϰԼ֪ԭЩУŮҪġ
˹ᶼʼѰ˼飬Ա߾һСһ¡
˲ļžƵգ۾ôղŻ˵ĺúõģôһת۵ĹͶ˵ˣͷ²ףҲɴ಻ȥᣬԴһͣ۾һգ˯ȥˡ
ӣȻҲûٺ˵ĸƢҲ󣬳˯ָȥǣҶת˿زסϲɫأ˸Ϊ˸˵ʲô֪˵ļһһ⣺׼ԼŮʲô֣
գգۣץץͷ˰ͨҲûʲô֡
ƤһתǡƵᣬһӼͷھ͵ȻҲɽɣǾ͵ɵĹذˡ
˻һͻȻüͷһ壬ƺ뵽ʲô˹ҲǿЦ⣬ֻҶһƣɽʲôˣҼǵɿûаűĹذ
ĻôֵʱƺûʲôǲŶԣֻû׼ڣͼֱӵձɵϰףӾ⺢ӽаžͺܺʣ
һȻ˵ģ
˹һԴʺţִʲô
֪ʲôʱðɳϷСè͵һ˳ɳͻһͷԽɳ뿿֮ķ϶ȥ˰
Ҷǲͣĳ飬˵ȴԼȻʲôҲ˵ֻаԭνıɵĹأָ𣿡
رһ˵ϸƷһ֮󣬾ֵȷͷֶŪԼŮԺͽаŶϲ𣿡
ԼҲСһĸǸ𷢱۵İŮһҲǲʣֻԼŮԼһͷڷ㳤ְ֮ٸŪͷ𷢣Ȼȫװ䱸ϡ
Ȼٻȥ֣áַħһԺĴصĺ˼룺ǲ㻹ҪԴŪڻ䷨Ȼһëӡ
ʵĶûʲôСԴʹ⣬ֻǸáرķħǾ仰е
ҵŮֲħֶë߰˵ʲôһͷԼŮ㳤ˣְֽС๦㡭⹦ɺˣʲôģһפഺŮӣЧҪģ
Ѿ޷ֹظԼŮаˣҶĶԴ˵ǲô⣬ɽֲûڵġӡһѪҲûɶӰ졣
οҶҲˣԼɽկĶҲûкôӡ̲һʱôͽͽĴڡ
֮صŮ־ôȷ߶Ҳ⣬һʽ֣ĻòϰߣָϰߣҲضչˡʵɳƺΪж
ʱҶͻȻ쳶ʹùǱԼһĶˣѵⲻǱҽ𣿡
˫ִ󽣶ϸ֣ԭ˹ͣ룩ĳƷгΪʤԼ֮ǰŵ彣ǸǱʹõһ¡
ô쳶õĶνİ¡˵һ£ԭ֮ҶɽһɽկƷûˣֻһ˼ĽǶ
·һսʱԼҲٲҪ֣һӦòɣ
ʲôͬ⣿֣ҪǲˣɽƷĶ㻻ˣǸʱɽӦҲٶˣʥ£ɽѾԴ졣
Ȼ桢ͨһͨĳǲ͵ģͨ棬ѡ
粨һ󣬲ܿҲ͸ԼȥˣҶûлصŸԼǼңǼصǴ¶̨ٴλѹһĻѩϣЩƮŵѩ
һҹҶľվһҹ
ڶյʱҶĻصУҶȻ˯ţϢһҹҲûָһˣͬʱ߶æѾ𻵵¿ȥëմˮѪ۶øɾ
ҶٴοҶȣָıòֻɶã˯ţĻԽ˾ܡ
鿴һȡҩԤԣʱʱ鿴ʱӦûôŪһ֮ҶֱŵĿ˹˵һҳȥһ󣬺ܿͻ
˹˵ͷȥʲôǲӵҪʵġ
ҶҲûٺͱ˴кֱӳɽ𽣹ֱʥķȥҲҪܵʥȥŵȵת壬ֻҪʥ򸽽ԼϢʩųŵȻ֪ͨԼĵ
ȻŵԼ취
Ҷû뵽ǣŵȾȻŵĳԹˡ
Գǰƺܾȣ
ŵǸӣһ°ͣ߸ϵģҶ˵ʱҲûŵλȨƵĳվڳ温ҶġһȨƵλĺصŮˣѹһֱǴŮ񣬾Ըһ˿мܲס
е㾪ȣΪıڳ˯У
Ȼ²⣬û뵽ŵû˯Ǳ״̬ƾԼֳʶתȥʥսĻӰ𣿡
ָоͺһѵȥһŪԼ˭㾫ңѡ
ŵһŮ񣬾ΪǿҲǼΪյġΪⲻ˯ʱʲôҲȻһ֪֮Լ˭
ͬʱУʶϻִҵģ
ŵȾȻѵõ¶һ˿ƣ̬ȷҸеһЩңЩĵôᶨȥŵ̧ȣӳÿһķǳСȻһһ¥һӰ
ȴΪǶȵĹϵ⸱̬ͺƹչʾԼ˫޳һŵȽĳȹȻȹڲ̣һȴŷǳߵĲ棬̧ȵĶӦס⸱ȹڷ˳˫ȵıϣȻһʱȹ½ڵ̬ջ
ŵȽ⴩һ˫ɫĸ߸ЬǿʽǴҶҪȥʽеһ׼ķǳ֣ҡ
װȫҶЦЦϵԼλŵɻ뾡£Լֻû뵽Ůôɴ࣬ٴνԼڵԼǰֻҪԼһڣŮ˾ܾ͵ذԼˡûŵȰҶ
ϧЧ⣡ѾʵϣŵȻĳԼⷬΪûӦеЧ˵⣿
ҶĿЦҡҡͷɲ磬ǿһСľͰԼ˵Ļ⣬ԸϽʹ˴ס̸µĺãӦ֪ҽΪʲô
ŵȼҶĲԼĻҲ˳ҶĵĻͻشȥʰ߯˹飿
ҶĺǿһҶȣûʲôǿģֻõ˵ͷ㾿Щʲô
㲻Ѿµ𣿻͵һЩŵ΢΢һЦһ֪Ŷı飬ǸҶеΣŵȶʱ֣ԲûҶ̫ãʵµҲֻ࣬ĸһЩˣ
˵ͬʱŵ̧ȫŵֱۣһһɢ¹СͳĵУͬʱ͵ߵǸֻһСְˣ
Ҷû뵽Ů˾ȻСĵ̶ֳȣȻ棿ԼʱȷµŵȽ߯˹ʶɢҷɢ棬û뵽Ȼɢôס
Ҷ֮⣬֣𣿡ڿԶԶֻЩɣŵµԳ̶߯˹ƻʲôֽţ򰢲ôҶҲ
ŵȸҶһ˽ҡ񣬲Ҷֱӱߣſڻش⣺ҶŮǲֵתŵǰ߯˹ʶһ֡
һ֣Ҷע⵽仰Ȼô򵥡
ǵģһ֣ΪȫתƳ͵ֱӽɱˣһûộ
Ϊ߯˹ðɣҶиţȻ󾲾ĵȴźġ
֮⣬ŮĲҲתˣ뼯ЩȻ߯˹ıǰѹŹָ΢΢һһֱȵ°׹;ֱҶƮ
ҶҲûϻһӣҲʲôǹôƾղټʵǱս˱ɪ֮䵱УûǬ
ЩʶǳֻҪܵһпܵˣ̳˰߯˹󲿷ʶת壬Ҫڣ
ʲô˼ؾ߹Լŵ˵ֻҪҶô߯˹Ҳ޷
ϵ˼ඣֻҪҪ߯˹ѣôͽҶȺһתĴȥɣ
㲻֪ҶѾ޴̱𣿡Ҷһ뵽¾ͺһҪɱˣһУƺҲŵεġ
ָʶϵ˵ûʲôϵ
Ҷĵɫÿŵֻ˵Ҳ̫ģֻҪ߯˹ѹҶǸŮһжתƵ߯˹ϣ㲢õĻʹʧȥû뵽ôǸŮأ֪Ӧúһ½ɫ
Ҷѯһ󣬻Ū״֮ҶһֱҲǸ飬ҲӦþָŮݣĻҲȴһ׮顣룬ҲҶȲü̱ˡ
ŮתԼ߯˹ı壬
ҶĿǺ鷳ɹؼǣ鷳Ļǻŵ
ҶȥأҪð߯˹ѹҪһˣ



136 Ŀ꣺
һ磿
Ҷĵǲ仰֪е壬ԭǱŵģֻ˵λȽϸ߼һʺЩ壬ȾۼⲻǾͻԼǰѾռݵġء
Ȼе⣬ͥԽĲӵˣˣרŵԱţûдӵʿ
ƥ˹ôҲбȽӴ֮һֵż粢ʲôϡ飬ֻҶĴûǷȥǣԲԵñȽϳԾ
תͻȻˣôѰԼװأĻһж˵ͨˡ
ҶľǣȻŵȿԽ߯˹ı嶪ȥôǸνŮתҲһռ˰ɣĻδҲ̫鷳ˣ
Լ֮ŵҲ֪뵽ʲôҲпҶĵıʵںЦ˼ŵģûô鷳߯˹ıԼŮתҶһţ׳һЩأ
Ҷȴ˲ȷŮڸʳˣƺûʲô̫壬ҲΪŵȲŻ˵
ܵ˵³׵ľһҶٵʵܼ򵥡
ѡռ䰢߯˹еʶȻֱӽ߯˹ҶȽΪ߯˹һμ䡣
ߡܲˣǻҲȥܡĿǰҶĲֵĻ߯˹ĿԺܴ󣬰Ǹʲô֪ļһֱײ£пֱӽԼú
ѡ񣬶ѡһܼ򵥣ĶѡһŸԾҶƬ̣ȽŵһԣбҪŵ̸
Ŷ飿Īı⣬Ըһ𣿡ŵȵòڰƥ˹ɽϵڶŮҲǳ͵ģҪ¶ջһԡֻҪȡľûммסġ
ҶҲемܲסԴѣ֪ԼҪˣôӽԺͻᱻŮ˿еͷʣ£õľǳΪһŮ˶ڵˣҵĻƾͻ᳹׳Ϊū˰ɣ
㲻ȱ𣿡
ŵƺ͵һһţҶԼۻˡ
ҾѾҵһǳʵѣԸվͬһӪ𣿡
ҶĸղŵĻѾŵʶԼͼıѾʶˣǲֻ˲Լôȥȡ£
һֱ˶޷׾ƣŵȿתͽҶߵȥҲȥǿƵˣͲὫһСĴڷϣϻϵСһ
ֻǸм˰ˣȻϣҶĵȷúŵվһǸܺʵѡ񣬵ֱӱ̬Ҫģһˣ
ŵƺ˿⣬ҲпܺõԼϵı仯Ŷ
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ֻԼƺ˵ܶˣŵŮˣҪ˵̫ס
ȻԼǸƺһҶ˵ŵת˲ĹһλʲôҲҪһֵҪأ
ջҶģŵȾֱߵҶĵǰȻ֧ϸذ׵ƴҶĵؿϣôתλʹ֮Ҷ·ǳȤ
ҶĶŵȿô̵ʱ¾еǳܳɾʹµöӶôϣǰŮȴԡ
ֻһǰᡭ
ʲôǰ᣿
ϵŵȻһЩҪҶܹµҪ󲻹ô
Ȼŵ̾˵ҶΪпܵǸҪ󣺡Ҫ㣬ɱޣ
̫񰢲Ǻŵǰǰһ·ʯֻҪʯͷῪȥôһεƲ̤졣
ҶĵʥսϷΪĲǣס˹ȡɱ޵Ļ𣿱ʱɱ޵ѻᣬŵȻܹԼ֣Ļ͵ֱ˹Ҫһ¡
ԭŵġɱһܺʵϧҶһֱڶܣʼõĴӵıԵǲȥ
ŵҲûа취ˣɴཫ˵ҸɵޣȻǺȡ裡
·ܽŵȵĺȡĻ᣻
ŵпܽеİۼһɱ˹Լʶƥ˹֮λ
ҶģԵõķչʱ䣬ŵȿԳŵֻҪܹ˳Ϊƥ˹ĻôԶɽǿԵġŵŮ˻ûаѻ˵ֻ̫˵ɽû֤ͥ䡣
ϷҶȻܹĳֻҪ֤ԼɽŰȫͺˣʵûбҪȥͥ⡣
˵ҶĺޡŽʶʵǾŵֳŵҲȫֵΡǸƹ֮ĸֳŵ˵ƯҲãΪЩӴ˵ŵֶ˺ٵģ
ŵҶ֮ĳŵȴͬɽɺͰƥ˹֮䲻֮ĳͻϵɽִڲܻȥĳĳһصͳȨϣһ棬˴ŵĵط˶ѡ
־ݵĻôڵ־ǡݡЩӴҪȴǡȨ
ȻҪһ죬Ϊ˵ҶĻǻ뵽Կƥ˹ֵսȥģ˭ҲȥᡪǺڼ䣬ֿҲʺȥᡣ
ɱ𣿡
Ҷ˵е鷳Ҳ̸ϼޣ޵ʵǿҶ֪һ㣬ŵȲܲţҪԼȥԸޣŵһᰲһԼĻġ
ڶҶ˵ּһЩԭŵҪ̸ȫԹᵽǰϡ
Ӧɱޣ߯˹ҶȣͬʱɹĽŵȺ·ϵһͬˡ
Ӧɱޣܰ߯˹Ҷ̱Ӵڡǰ߯˹һ⣬ΪתҶȿ϶Ҳʹ𣬱Ͼûбȴŵĵͬʱ·ŵȵͬ˿Ҳ˶ʧܣΪһҶľܾĻ޵ܾͻȥŵȿܻԼԭƣһεôȫûбҪκϵ֮ȥˡ
ӦǲӦ
ŵȵָҶĵϻȦһǸӾͺ֮˵˽ܻ˭뵽̸ǹϵĴ£
һ̣ҶľȻһеĻƸУΪʶԼֱӰ쵽δ򡪡ϰ¶壬ǾˣҶ񻹴ͥǣɾ͸ˡ
˵ҶĴʱһֱӰ쵽δҶĶû뵽ԼȻ̬뵽ȨϷȥ
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Ҿֻܹṩ㹻ĶŵҶʶʱ䲢㳤ȴҶĵ˸ˣοһεķҶԸİһ֡
Ѿ֣Ҷ־㲻ѹԲᶯӣҪȥʲô飬Ǿ͵øѹúôջǲܵġ
Цһ£ԼԸȻһŮ˸Ҳ֪һǲңҶҲѶϵˣʵ˾ˣʱ̾һҲ˾ҴӦ
ŵ¶һǳõЦݣϼҶĻƣͺͨŮһ޶ֻʵϴ³Ļȴʲô˵飺ĻȥҶȽȻһ㰢߯˹ıҶȹȥ֮ȥѰŮתһ֮ǰŽһЩ򣬾Ϳð߯˹ѹˣ
򣿡Ҷһʾ뵽һЩ飬⸹̵֮İɣ
ģʲô˵飡ŵЦĺܹ죬ֱ˵ʵǺص飡Ҷʵİ
ô޵ġҶľ⣬ԽԽƣһʳڣ;ʵİ׳ˡ
ŵȥһҰ߯˹ԾҪѰҲȥȻһ罫޸ɵֻŲᱻ˹״̬˹ڱ飬Ҳһܹ
˹˳˯оҪٶ۶ˣֻΪԷһŵȻǾѰ޵֮ذһ磬ñ֤˹ľ
ڻɣ޷ˣֻ֮ǰԶֻǻɣŵȵҲں
Ҫһ£㽫ҪȥǸ硭ܻкܶ಻ĵط
ŶŵһɫҶҲ֪ºҪҲǹϵгɰܵĹؼ
Ȼŵ˵һЩҶĶò飺Ǹ磬޷ƾУ
ʲô
ҶĺôҲһɣƽȥѾϰˣȴǸ粻ܷСУȥҪʲôŮ񣬲ܷеĻδ̫鷳һЩ
ŵȴȥɫ÷ǳѿҶģֻԹԵ˵ţҲᱻѹƣǽħʲôŵļܣ޷̫Զ
ҶͻȻ׹ʲôˡҲ˵һⲫΪʤĹؼĳ
ڰޣܻܵӰ죬ΪԺ̫۶ɵĹ޷ʹá˵ܵ
ҶΪʲôҪһˣҹڻҲбȽϿ̵ҪģҶѡһʵĵΣô޵ڳױϡ
ŵȼҶͨйؼϵЦֲ˼֣˵ⲫǿϣ㲻Ҫʧ
Ҷܾ仰ôζƣҲ˵ֻѰĺ⣺ҵԽΪ񾳽ģ
ĻҾͷˣŵȵ˵ͷҶĵĻش⣺㻹ҪСģϾ޵ʵǺǿģ
ҶĲ˵ǵ˵ͷʾˣȴšڴһϰ˻ӻִɱķİ˵һԼҪĶ࣬ΪӦȭȭĲɱ
ޡбҪ˽滳̫ʱ᲻Ϻ
򵥵˵ˣҶֱӼ𽣹ɻѩԭΪһܼ򵥵飬ֻȥҶȱȻȥŵȣһȥһˡ
ǵҶȵʱȴ񲢲ô򵥣һƽϹŵЦݵŮҶľȻӦôڡ
ǻָྫҶڿҶƬ֮󣬺ʶʲôƵ˵˾䣺߰ɡҪȥ
ҶеվҪи˶ϣ㸩ӽҶȱ̽Ҷȶߵʱ˵һ䣺ģһģ
û˵˫ܶ˫ȴǳᶨĻҶĵĲϣԶҲɿһ


137 ֮
վ£һľ󸿶ɵӵĶ޷ƶҶȾ棬һЩ̶סԼ壬Ҷıűϡ
ӣͺһʥʿʥӵģֻ࣬ҶıŵǸˡ
塭ҪҪϢ£
ȻҶĵòʮ£ȻɱҶȴһЩҲĳƺǴСɵϰ߿ɲô׾͸ġ
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ҶֱֱӣΪҶܹһ㣬Ǿ΢΢ǰ㣬һҶȾͿ˶αϣڱǼ̶ӵյһȻҪĶ࣬ҡ
ľǸʲô磿
ʱҶѾŵ͵֪ʲôֵ統У˵ǰƥ˹зֵһ磬Ϊ֮ûĸԸܵ
һһͺƱѹһϰ˿ԷΪƸΪӣ˭ܵʹǵһޱǿĴڣ޷ӳȫʵվǲˬͬʱΣյĿҲӣҲ
ΪЩԵɣ类ƥ˹Ϊ֮أȻƺһϷʵĳɷڣǶҲֳ˰ƥ˹طļɵ
ŵѡ񽫰߯˹ı嶪Ҳǿ׼ûԸһ㣬ͬʱĻֱΪĿģٺʲˡ
̾һҶȻƣҲٵô£֮ǰŵѾ߯˹ǲֵתѾõһ͵ݣǺңҶĳλҲ밢߯˹̫ԶΨһ鷳ֻܲС
Ҷȴ֣Զûŵ˵ô򵥣ΪʱҶĸͲԼ޷жϡ
ΪҶһԹ֮󣬺ܿľҵƴ·ƽ̹·
硭Ӧڵİɣ
Ĳִ٣ҶľȻЩ飬Ȼŵ˵Ůת˲͵ݵλǹ֪ǲǱһȺˣ·ƺζƵĽҲڵһֱ֡
˳ŵ·ǰߣҶҲ˲÷ʲô⣬Ϊ֮ƾҵԭסԼȻźȷӦô
ʱҶĵĵԭסǲһֵģҲ߼޷Ĵڡ
ҺĵĲûг̫ãܿһȺϴƤףͬʱЯڿҶĵʱȺԵһ㶣Ѿ׼ˡ
һͷ˻˻ʾ˲ҪҲΨһһŽ׵ˣһ
ǰ˼ȺԽڶŽ׵˳ҶĻ˻֣ǸӦڴкɡ
ǡҲҪѯʣҶı˵ͷûпڣΪȷ˵ʲôԣ
ҵǣǸһڣҶľ֪Լûнϵϰˡ˵ĺͰƥ˹һԣǰƥ˹
ãҪ
ҶıһӦòǺܴŮӣǸŮӵ嶼Ҫ̶סʲô˲Ҫô鷳һƵЦݣһˡ
ֻϧεٺãһȴûӹҶĵ۾СӲģ
һ˲ŪǰһɫļһʱҪҸɽӽԼ˵̽һԼĵϸ֮ġ
ڻᷢ飬ҶĵҲ⣬Ϊ߯˹תҶȻΪһʥʿƽʱԼǸŮˣǳڵòζڲסģɫУǾǸսĻˮ
ֻѯһ£⸽ûʲôĳЩ֮ģ
ҶĵǸһ㶣漴ȻĵҪѰŮ𣿡
Ů񣿡Ҷһסˣ򰵵ôʶʵ
˿ҶӦˣѵҪѰҵĲǴ˵еŮ񣿡˿ɱҶıҶȣҪѰλŮλŮˣĿĵĻҪҵĵȷŮûдˣ
ȻװĵƵҶĵµĴһҶȣλС㾿ôˣ
̱
Ӧһ֮˵ı任ȻԣǱҶĿһҲΪǶҶĿı飬ȴ֪ҶĵġۡΧκһÿһ仯
㵡ʧǿϧ˺һ¾ûȤָԶ˵Ǹ߰·̣ͿԿһƬɭ֣Ǿ¹ֵأƬɭ֮㹻˵ĻҲҵŮ񡭡ȻҪСסľ壬ǶĴ߲ôơ
Ҷĵ˵ͷڵһлл֮ͱҶȼ·Ȼ߳һξҶȾ͵ĶԼ˵һȺ˿ǺˣǵĿг̰
ƽʥʿȻӵһ˫ԶѰ˵ҶȻСʵҲǺǿ츳ǾѵġЦôҲŮת塣
ҶЦЦ֪ǣһȺСˣ
ҶȣҶġĿɸ࣡ҲΪߵԶˣȺһ˵ʱûʲôܻ䣬ȫû뵽һԻȫҶ˸һ
ôһˣСѾͷһϵȵĻɫץȥһüǮ֮ǰֵҲֺֺǣ
ޣ˵ˣṈ̀˵ķˣԾǸղҶĴˡ
зϣѹҪ˱ţϧƯˣ
ûע⵽СѾͷҲһģϧȻǸˣ
ôûҪ֪εĿꡭŮ飡
ǸϤ٣СҲȥ¹ֵأ̽·ãܵĻһǶץһЩȥƱƹǿһˣ
ٺٺ١
Ļ͸޼ɵˣҶ˵ȴȫֻЦҶĲұ¶ԼıһǵĽ־Ѿע˵ġ
޸µˣ
ҲųȺֻҪǰߣ⼸һٴγ֣ʱɱ٣ŽĻҵǸʲôŮȻð߯˹ѹ
֮󣬹֮ǶԸǸÿˡ
ҲҶıûҪϽһˮȥԼĺʰһǸޣϾڰƥ˹ɽϵʱӣҶıͲʲô֮ˣ˺ʵĻᣬȻҲݺݳһ
֮⣬һҲ밢һ·
Ҷǰ߯˹ת壬߯˹Ѻûʲô仯˵ֻҪһܵҶμӰ죬ôעҶ밢ǲݵġ
飬еʱô򵥣Ҷ밢޵ĶԾΪʲôŵȣΪʲôƨ֮λĹȨΪһŮˣ
ҶͻȻǾ䣺֮ĳͻʵôǮȨʱΪŮˣ
Ҳûܹס
Ƿ̡ȥ޳ˣҪΪŮ˺ͱԴף
̧ۿ˿ïܵɭ֣Ҷĺɵľ̤˽ȥ·ǰĲһ΢еһЩֲֻ֣ԼҺ԰СƵء
̬ⷬЩеһɵ͡ô̴̵Ľȥˣ
˵ⶼҪ˰ɣСǲǰ׳գʱ𣿡
ҾСӸʲôҲĹ㿴硢ϸƤģԾûгԹӣ
ҪȻҲһ㳣ʶҲûˣ
һˆ˰죬뿴Ǹͷģϴǻ
ϴҡҡͷСӰ׳ǲȻǻԭļƻжϢһҹٽ
ЩûӹҶĵĶ䣬ΪһֱЩʶ̽Щ˵Ķ֮⣬ע⵽ԼԴӽɭԺ󣬾ͱ˶סˡ
һֱµã̫ҲɽïܵиǰľﶼʱҶͻȻͷһŸߴʮ׵Ĵ˵һ䣺ܴܲȥŮӦ֪ҵŶԣ
ϧûеõһõĻӦһͣŵļʸǰϣƺھһöͷ𣺡˻ȥ࣡¹ֵزܹ̤ĵط
⻰˲ˬ
ҶĵıԹ󣬼žֵУҲֻнߵҶܹĵЦȴܹԶһЩ
ҲЦŭλŮʿͬһʱ䣬ȺҶԣҶĻǿŻ˵ģԼҶȡ
˿ԵĸʸҶȷöԷԼ·ܵˣֻʼȻҶ˵˾䣺ǵÿԼ԰̧ǰͷǸ乭ԼһԼ䣬ϸòġֱΪ
ԷȫԼľ棬ɹִǰǰ֮λֻôԾ£ȻȡŵĶУȻҶĵǰ˵׼ǰˣ࣡
ܻܲƺ˵㲻һ
һ߹¹⾫飬Ȼˣ˰Լ°ͣŮԼǽ߹ʥ¹ֵز̰ۣ
ΪʲôŮĻҶһֻðɵĸоȻϸ˵ҲˣһԼ⵽ӵĸо
Ҫǣ۵ȼʲôĻԶԶδడ
ֱ˸ԼҪϴյӣȻŮβú˵ԸôҶҲôˣҶߣֻһŮǶġ
ϵĶڵɭмԱʶŮԼôʥô߹󣬵ɱһôôͬʱԾļӹںڰмᷴ⣬ӽԲ
ϧЩҶ˵ùŮĶѰ˵ܿ٣ֱõƬһͬʱںڰеĶУҲͫΡ
Ů۽ǰȻۼ̵ԼĶУҶĲŲæ̧ȣȻѸײڶ֮ƣ쳣Լ׼ȷеŮǼûκڵϸСϡ
һƵӲԶ𣬱һ߷˵ŮһֱײһŴûмʲôһĸоȻʵҲ鵽ҶһͬʱѾȥˡ
ҶȻûпȴܹоĵʲô飺ֻ̱ˣһΪڣʵȼС棬ڶʱڻָжҪôˣ
Ҷĵʲôף˵ǸԳ¹⾫Ů̬ȣֻƾֱӶһ㣬ֱӽɱҲʲô˵顪ʥʿڵˣǴӲģ
һ߻ǸŮ飬ҶĲûм׷ֱվԭأȻ˿ΧɼžĻȻ¶һǳֵζЦݣǲҪټתˣ
ĻһһԹ÷ʸԼľӺڰ˳˷ǣֱӽҶĸΧ˵С
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138 
˳ġ˾ľס֮أȻһ·϶ǱһȺʸָţҶĲ⡪ΪЩʸ޷в
Ȼе˲ˬҲνˣҲҪȺҵǸνŮ
࣡ҲΪʲôִŵһҪŮ£Ҳϣʲôʧľٶ
ͷ˵һŮԾȻһŹУȫúõĹϣҲôֵܽöѾ㹻ˣ˵ԼʵžԵţ
ֻҪŮһæ
ʵҶĽҪȷһνŮ񾿾ǲԼҪҵһǵĻôҪȥѰңĻΨһҲͶˣֻһξܹҵ
ڰ߯˹ı壬ŵ˵ֻҪҵŮתͿҵ
ϣˣ
Ů鿴۱ҶıںҶȣҲΪҶȵȷ̱ԲûֱڶྫҶķȻҶ߷˵ľֻιȥû˵Ҳһԭ
ȻĳҶ֣ͬԲιȥô򵥡һžͽһ¹⾫ָΣԲһܹġ
жϣҶıһľ裬Χľɱž״̬ҶģЩƷ㲻еļʸҶģûҶıҶȡ
ôƺ
ͷŮ鱨Լ֣أࣿ
Ҷģ
ҶģΣ˵ԼĸоܹŹֵ֣
Ҷʼ磬⣡
Ի˾ֹͣûȤһиĽҶҲûȤһȺصġӡڵļһϻ
ԵҶı¹⾫һĴʱ밢ĶԻҲͽǰһС֡
һ̤ӣҶоӦ̧ͷֱԶǸλãƺڴӵһ棬εĻƺɭֵĸȻ벢Ҷȴܹĸܵ
ܹ࣬оĵһֱڶҶģԵҶĳַӦʱһʱע⵽ˣȷһͨ࣡
ȻѾ֪Ҷĵ֣Ƕڰ˵ǸƿڵԶֱӳƺΪ࡯ıݡ
Ů¹⾫Ĵ䣬Ůµ֮£ǲſ԰ȵƬɭֵС¹⾫ҫԼˣ
Ҷͷô¹⾫ҫˣ
һ㶣ȻһĿҶģƺΪʲôʳһ⣬ǱȴڸƺʲôȤĻ⡣
Ҷʵûʲôر뷨һʰˣֻ뵽ŮתӦûòŶԣô˵ν¹⾫һ壬ʷӦò
ɫ任ҶתͷҶȾֱǸȥѾо˰߯˹ҶڵǲŮȫⲿŮû˿ΣȻ𰢶߯˹С࣬ĵȷȷǰ߯˹¹֮ɡ
ҺãûҴ
ôĻŵȰԼµλõȷ밢߯˹ԶһûкԼ
ҶľȻֱǰɫһ䣬ΪҶҪʲôľٶ̳һֱϵĳһװŵľȻÿĽв񣬷Ե÷ǳϸ
վס࣬Ҫж
ϧҶĸԼѹƵȻṦʩչͼԾûӰˣʱֻ̤ǰߣͬʱǵҶȵƣûֱ
ҶĵжΪ˾ĹļǵصҶֶֻϧֹҶ˵ͺ壬вʮַӦ档
ͷһǺӾĶֶûлӶֻǵƾʹǺҶĵΧһתɫĴŵ⻪ƥֱӽļʸЮ˽ȻȫƫԤĹŷ˱ĵط
ҶĲɱ¾ֻһ¾ͿԽЩľɵ룬һиðʧɫܹʩŵħѵʲô
ҶȻļеǰߣǰ仰Ǳһûʶʲôħ򣡡
ڶྫ鱻ҶŵɫĲҶֻаϸһϸȻԶҲ޷ӵǿȴӵй˵ٶԼȣһǰ漴Ծ˱Ҷĵļʸ֮󣬾Ȼ嵽Ҷĵǰ棬漴عһҶĵʺ
ڹԼҪһҶĿɾͲ׼ôӦˣһȻȲ˲֪ٵΣҶҲȫİԼǾδ徿ǲޱȵǿᡣ
ڰ嵽ԼǰһʱҶľӦԵĶһ̽һץһקǱϸĳͺƱʲôץסһ͵ĴųԾ˳ȻҶһ˦ವһֱӷɳԶԵһԶһŴ档
ûŪô£;һɾ޴ƥеԼĳ˹ȥӵзḻľ飬һ¾ֱԭأ˻
ʹûз㶣ֽҲһʱӦԵĹԱԼ˴򵹵Ľ
ʱȴҶľȻѾ۽ǰȻճȭͷһǳ׼¹ȭԼСϡ
һ˲䰢ԼСѾһȭ⣬ֿµľʹ޲þʹֱȥ
ǼᶨԼһҪ¹Ů뷨ǿŻȥͷڿеԼƺǱ˵ϡ
ף
Ҷĵȷе㾪ȣȻԼû뵽Ů龹ȻûлȥȻǿеڿеȻ˫ء
üͷѰ˼£ҶľȻЦԭѹƾȻôǼһҪùˣ
ʱѾȫ˰ŮȻûлȥҲսˣֻܹڵϣԼСԼ⼸Ѿȫ˱ġ
Ҷ׼ԽȻǰʱͻȻͣ˽ŲȻĿתִӴðһȺ
ͬһʱ䣬ȺסҶǰ·ľǷ˿óһ·һθһͷ°׹âĽɫŮԾ˳סְɡ֪Ӻζ
ŮĻеľһͺҶĵĿһ¾ͱˡһʼķŭӶ񡢲ԼҪɱ쵰ȵȱ˾ȡ˼顢޷ţͬʱЩĿлһ˿η塣
񣿡
ӡ񣿡
ʲôΪʲôҪ¹ֵأ
ڵϵİ˵ʲôǵǾ仰֮󣬾ȻһĴͣҶһľɡ
ЩĿҶĶûʱȥᣬעӦúЩͬһ壬ȴɢŮ顣
㡭Ů񣿡
ָǶҵĳƺĻôǵģŮ飬˵ŮƺԼŶôֵҫƽľͺ˵˵һҵ𣿡
û
ȻҵҶһˣĻеĿľ֮һ磬Ϊ㣡
磿
ŮͷĶ䶶һ£ƺҶĵĻôףǸӡԵúǵͺʲôҲĺһ
ԷƺǺףҶһһͻȻһ°ɫĹţɢеľɫһ䣺һţȻɢŮһ޶ʥо˼һǣǰλŮеǿԼ˾η
㲢һĴڣΪûָԭӣ
ҶĵòɢǿƵĹŸڸȥһƮ죬ͺǴӺԶĵطһֱҶĽʧ
ѹڶྫֻһ͵ĿڶԻˡ˵Ѿʶ¸Ͳֵܹ顣
ֻһʼնҶıԻɣǾǱҶһȭİʱѾָһ㣬ǿܹվˣȻһŮǰ棬令󣺡СģŮ£һ壡
Ҷ˵ĻͲΪһһ飡νŵǸ˵Ů
ֻϧŮƺ飬ŮȻ˳ȻһᶨĿҶģ㣡

ɵˣҶĶû뵽˳̶ֳȣ
Ů˵ԭ򣺡һֱ֪˭ܾҵЩʲôֱǰҵطԼеҵĹޣʼŪӦôһֱĳ֣
ղչʾǸŵʱҾ͸оˣҺǸӦһġǸŮҲǣ
Ҷĵû뵽Ůתǹɴˣ˵ʹǵȴֵĵȻһλصȥĻֻ˵ŵȵİʵ̫ˡ
ͬʱע⵽ŮǾ䣺ǰҵΪҵĹޣ߯˹ıԲŽŮ˹
ĻҲ֤ղŵĸоûдһ͸о˰߯˹ϢԭΪŮɢģǵŮʱ򣬾ͷֲˡ
ŮҶĺܿҵǸɢŰ߯˹ϢڣȻһСڵҹɫ£ĺȻϵһͣɢʥĹâ
룬˵ҵı壬Ӧþλˡ
Ů̧˫֣һƽ͵ɢƽĺˮͻȻ˲һӰӽˮиˮҶĵСǳ˯еİ߯˹
߯˹֮󣬾ͺܵٻһֱƯҶĵǰҶڽָеĹԶķ˳ȻһͷŮüĵС
ҶĻûü˵ŮͻȻһȻԭұǲӦôڵİ
˵꣬˾ͻһŹâǰҶŵĹâһֻǸӾ߱ˡ
ɶŮʲô׼İͻȻ˳ʼûз¶ҶĵĻɣڿԼŮȻһ֮ŭˣɶļһҪɱ㣡
ȴķ֣Լ޷ǸɢĿֱֲʹǵҪɱǾ仰ʱǸźƷŭһµĽԳܵѹֱӽѹ
ɶ񰡣
ҶûйȥŮ飬Ϊע⵽ڱǿ֮󣬾ȻԼĿȻҶȡ
ҪʲôƨҲ뵽Ҷ̽Ҷȷ£Ȼץס˹ţǰ
ȡ
վԼǰҶģҶҲ׽ҪʲôˣѾҪʲôˣ˫һӵĶ˫۾ôҶģҲʧģ𣿡
ǵģҶ̽ӣÿŵֱס㲻ʧģ
⻪еŮ˹ںϽ˹ţһͷ˳˯еİ߯˹С
ڹû˰߯˹һ˲䣬ǿ˳֮յ˫İ߯˹Դã˫ܲͣҶĵϣ󡭡̯˫ӵĶ


139 ֮
˱һŮܾôıŤ˵˲ƣֻʱſڵ϶ãǱߵȴôò
ҪǣѾ׹ǸѹŮˣŮ˵ġġŮֻƾɢǹѹԼϤȴǿͿԵ֪һˡ
ˡʲôϵ
ˣʵϲҶĴʱҲ˼⡣
ʲô
ǰѹȸҪҶȵĻҪǿңܰζҲڴ̼ĵطһƬ壬е᲻֣һֱ
ԡſ𣿡
߯˹ڶҶҲһ˲ĻлعȻɿԼ˫ۣ˿ϸĴλѹŮ񣺡㡭ھǰ߯˹ҶȣҲλŮ񣿡
һ΢еɢҵĳ߯˹һ֮ǹİ³ϣǰ߯˹ҲҶȣȻҲŮ񡭡ǸνŮ񣬼ûԼԸֻһľۺˣ
̧ҶģҶľرϤĸоð˳ҶȡһκȴľҶĵվԼǰǸϤСŮ
𣿡ҶҲ˵ǺǻֻεʼȻվһԣ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣһֱ˺һ󣬲űһ䣺ͺã
߯˹ƺҶĵ˼ߵҶĵԣȻ˫ۻסҶĵղ˵Ĳûдҡûʧ
ҶĲĿۼԼֱ˴˵İ߯˹ѵһķλ߰ŮҲ¶һ˿ߵı飬Ȼֻһ˲䡣
Ҷȵľҵľ˭ʧ˵⣡
˵ʵ߯˹Ҳû뵽ҶʮļѾ˼ǧİ߯˹˵ֻǵָһ˲ˣڴ֮ǰ˭̶ʮľ̵Ӱ죬ֻᵱЦ
ȴòˣʮʱһֵĸ飬ںϵһ
ǰ°߯˹ĶҶкøУҲĶȴ˿ʲôףȻľҶĵĻֻеġ
ֱһһҶȴ˳ĬЩԺ˵ɣһҪҪ
˵꣬ҶĵĿתһԣƺ˲֮ûб£ȲҽԺӵƣԼ˿ûεĳλĴڡ
ûҲЩҪúõĽ
ڸǲסеŭ⣬ֻһԴ⿴ֵİֵܹĸоͻȻðļһǻŭȼյľжҡ
ͷŮԾͿһޱ˧Ӵ˳˴һɢ̫һâĽɫף޷ԶӵĽŲͣĶ
ͬʱϵĳ滹ȼŻ棬µ¶Χֲﶼ˲ɿݽɻҽ
ˣһμʱҾӦýɱ
һϵĳƺڷйԼеŭƵأԵһôǳɴıһӸնΡ
ƺǺ͵һϧӲ⣬üͷ
ҶĻû˵ʲô߯˹ȴȿ˿ڣޣʲô
ʲôעת˻޵üͷϸߣüëҪšһˣѵ㲻㾿ʲô
ҵ飬ûκεĹϵ߯˹ȻװΪʲôӣѾܹˣҲûκεʸҵĸ棡
߯˹Ļ׵ĵȼ˰ѾٱĻɽֻɽ֮ȴԼìͷ׼Ҷġΰ̫ΪɶĶԻԼװãĳ֣ԼþԱӡ
һжΪˡ
Ҷʼ򣬶ѾѾħһİޣûʲô÷ϻģһȥκλֻһ˼ĽƵ˵ϣֻſİõļռŰ߯˹װáȻֻϵġ
ԣͰ޸ûмϻıҪֱӷָһҲˣҾĿǰ˵ҲȷûкͽĿܡ
Ҷǣ޹Ȼ缫˵ĲӦղǻӳһͿԵ֪ˡ
ޣҲԼΪʲôˣҶԼ󣬺׼һ
ߣŵǸŮΪĻܹɱδ̫Сˣ޲мҶģŵǸŮԳ֣ҲһЩϣ㡭Ȼû˵ǲм̬ƺѾ̬ȡ
ҶЦˣΪ޵ӱԼԤϵĻҪãӣ˹ţͱ˿ٴˣ
һΣû˹ˣ
һ仰˵գҲܰһɻ׼ʲô˼ҶĽŲһ̤ζȻӿ౶ڱ磬һܾ˲һһ̤ѾĿĵء
ҶĽֻǼǰٶȻ죬ȴҲԶƽǰ档
İ޿ҶļҲһмɲΪĹٶȻԼʲôвϰԵľͽԼеĳһᡪûаڿƣֱֻ̧ۣƾһֱ۵ҪҶıˡ
ôĽȻֲúá
һȫʩΪһ߻ǰƽϰ߽սжϣ޲Կǲܵ飬Ҷĵһĵȼųһ˫ִ֮ʱֽİ޾͸оһǿľӳϴ˹ҾֻһɣǰһƮ̵ľûȫɢžʹһľɾûִ꣬һʵľ
ɾһ壬ֱ۶һ飬еĳЩ⻹ȵģȵɾôǿ󣬿ԼѾӦһιȻĺ񲻴һԷľӴһ˲ͱ١
ô£
Ҷһ̾װ޿϶ǲ߯˹̾˹ûгԹʹʲôЧȫпʵҶĵȫһ
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ѡλþһԣϱҲûʲôΣ˵ҶĲʱ򣬾ǰʱ
ô̵ʱ䣬޸ûȥӦ֮ǰΪûȤԼ֮صȻҲܵôŰ
ǶĲ˽ð޴һʼ·磬̫ޱǿĻһ֮Ҷľλ̫ˡ
Ҷһ֣ȻܷŹһᣬƸո̫·ʹ˰̡õϼԼؾ̸һƿлڣؾȫֵһۻ룬ԵУҲһаһ֡һкΣգĸо
æԱһ㣬ùҶһƣ޼Ҷһͣ˾Ȼ޷֣ԼԻһϲд󽣵һ¾׼ֱһնҪҶֱһϣģԼõĶˡ
ûüֻúһѹȸУƵʱͻȻһʹӺһľӺֱķΣ㰢̫һޱȣһ˲Ҳһ˱ס˵Ĵ
ԭҶһплȻûлУԴһплڵҪ֮Ҷ⽵ʮƾʹԽһвУ˳ƾʹһβа޵ĺ
һбǶԸ֮еֹ˴Լ͵ϮȴҶĻ֣ЧȻףǳɴ˰ޡ
ϻ챦ıѩһɵЧǰޣҲһʱܻĹġ
ʮƾͰԵƥѩҲǻ챦ʮ㾢ɱȽϴһ㣬ԵҶӦҲǡ֮һ֣ɱǺʲ
ҶûнѩһϾ磬ǱѩľҲö൱ܣޱ֮˶һӲȻֻǶ̶̵һ˲䣬ȴѾҶһѵĻᡣ
ڴĵطѡһĶ֣ޣһ㶼ԩ
ͷֻҶһû˵ΪȫûбҪοҲҶϲΪϲɴĸɵ֣
һˣôķϻҲȫûбҪģ
Ű޻ӲԶҶ˳תв֪ʲôʱȻһҶƽóвͬƽʱõĳӿЩ͵еͭʱڵĳ
һʵǸҶʥסʱٻͼֽͨ̽һЩݹͻظɽ֣Ӣı
ɽǴΣ˳Ҳ˹Ҷĵû뵽Ȼó
ΪԵɣܵƣҲҶһʼֻȭƷӭеԵɣﻹϻֱһ򽣾佫Ⱒ޾㲻Ҳȥ˰Ȼ󻹲Բ⣿
ҪưҲôҶĸϾӦսʽ
пϻ֣ȻÿһֵóҶĶʶһһ仰ҲҲЩֻҪã¹֮ͺˡ
һƺܵȵ¹˲ͱĿɫ⻪ǹâڸס˳ıòͺҶһĳһֱͱ˰ޡ
һҪǴʵˣǳ׽ˣǰվǰƥ˹ɽϵ֮һʵҲһģȻԵʧȥȻұҶѹƣҲô׾ͻᱻɱˡ
ов޵ĵһӦǰ壬˳ƶһУⲢǰϰߵսʽǴʱѡĶԵеǱͬʱҲŭ
ţŭ鷢ˡҶҪһ̵ʱΪǡŰ߯˹ǳĿԼþȻȡһ֪ǱҶ͸ģȺ֮ŭ
ʱ߯˹ֳֹڰ޵ע´ǳһ⻪ĹϣȻ󻺻Ľһɢտħʸ˰߯˹ϣʱȥ
ֻڰ޻ΪԼþȻҪԼֶе𾪵ʱһѾ͸̫ĽɫףҴĺ󱳴룬ǰش̳
޵ͷֻһɢ°âĹּ밢߯˹ΪƵڽ뵽ԼںͿʼͣŰڵһҡ
޿ܻſҪ԰߯˹˵ʲôʱͻȻӦԼҶĳԼǰס򰢶߯˹ߣ漴һưԼĶͷϣ
һúչãǸŮ۸Ͱĵȥɣ


140 һ
أԲܱ˫ֱۣͦͦڵϵİޣҶֻεʼ򣬹ܱ۲Žְɣ
Ӱ޵ʬϳҶɢɫ⻪ĽһĨϵĹâ˲ȥҲղǰ᲻ͣɢǿ֮ʱͨĳһ޶
תͷɱֿĶȴԵе㶵İ߯˹ҶЦ˵˾䣺ӣҪ𣿡
ѹİ߯˹˿Ҷģֿ˿ѾԼȺ֮ŭüͷղһ˲䣬ǱܰȡҪ򰢲޽йԴûзӦôǰû
ɢȥ۳ħʸֽսպã߯˹վԭû˵µĴҶģֻҪԼͣҶϣԼͻЩŵ÷ǳƽֻͣŻġ
룬ΪҶȵǶξ߯˹Ȼε̾һ
Щ飬ҶĲûע⵽˵ûȥע⣬ʱվڰ޵ʬ֮ǰǲͣɢȥ̫ҶľȻ÷ǳϧ
ְ̫ôʵ뵽˰ְ̫֮һʼӵУǺǿжȡˡ
ô˵ĻЩ̫ҲǿΪõģ
һ˵ЩӵеΪãΪŷǳĸӡǡһ䣬ôӦҲ֮ʧ
޵е⣬ǰ͸ɵԭ̫ȻԼռְ̫һҪ̫ҲϧȻһ֣ʼ޷תΪԼ
ԣ޵Ȼǳǿ󣬵ʼ޷һҲΪ޵ʵԶ޷в˹ĵλ˹ŻĴ󵨵ðޡ
ʱЩɢݵǰ޵ǿģôĴԭӡǵȷڵ˲٣ǰҲ޷ԼӡǣҲһ̶ˡܹʹȴԲԼõ硣
ϰ޵̫λҲ̫˵ⲿҲû̫ˣֻȴҶģ
Ҫ˵ЩҶĽɽڵĻʵǶеģҶҶ˵Ҳò˻ųĿܳ֡
Դӻ챦֮Ҷĵ弸Գ棬ɰһ̫ȻʲôӰ죬ڽҶĻûнɣǡȡһֱ޵ʬһ塪ð߯˹üͷšһЩ
ȻԼ粢ôи飬ǳҲԼһͬģͬΪƥ˹塣
ҶĽɱҲͲ˵ʲôˣôкʬδе̫ˣɾڰ߯˹߹׼˵ʲôʱȴȵķҶĺȡǰɱ޵һΪμΪƣԲεĽͼͬһȥһ
ߵĽˣ߯˹̾͸оĲ֮ͬʲǱɢܹ֮оǱϵ¹֮ԴȪԼҶʲôӾȻԼ׼ԺҶ顣
ǰһȴͬĽɢٺɫĹâɢԾ̫ԴͷȻǱŵİޣ
ʱţϵĹâҲԽԽҫۣɢݶ̫֮ȫ˽ȥһС͵̫ɢĹâȶȸͲѰܹмܵ˵ġ
߯˹ҶĻûʲôһԵİֱ׹Уһ˲ԼҪˡµ¶ȲһԵĺˮһͬʱӰ쵽һƬĿ˸еԽԽ֮⣬ҲԽѡ
ʼû뿪ֻǴһ˿˵۾ŲԶİ߯˹ǸӾǱ˵ĳһҶƳֻ֮Ů鵹ͦģ漴֡
û뵽ǰ߯˹ˣֻһӣһ¶ˮСɢ¹ˮƮ˰Ķͷǰ嵱Уڶͷֳһһͼ
ͼĳ֣һɫâĻƾճ֣棬µ̫˿
Ů񡭡ûǣ
Ҷ죬˿ɻհĳ㲻ȥᷴתͷ𰢶߯˹񡭡ǸתŮӰ
߯˹ûŲߣɶǱȴشҶĵ⣺ǡʵǱľ飡õҵıӻγµȺ
Ҷ漴һȻû뵽ν¹⾫龹Ȼôģ
˵ŻĹǱϵĹâȥ漴¶˳òֻǽٺɫĹ⻪תտʼʱֹ⻪Եƽ࣬Ҷȴܹоĵһ̫Ĵ׵һΡ
ԭرϲģֻ˳ִߵղƷǶСʱǶμһλ
ȴû뵽ȻĻҪ̫һϸߵͣ˼ǣǡԾзֱµλ󡪡ɢޱȵǿᣬӦԼҲ˳Ϊ֮ȡǱ½Ըޡ
ͬʱðϵսһսͲñ̫ڵʱܹԳ䲻ˣ׵ıһ񽣡
һ񽣺Ͳ˫ɶˣ
СµȻνҶ˳ֽγУһںĶﱻůҫȫʸдĴǴµõ˴֮񽣣ӵˡ
߯˹ҶеĳּһŵҲһֻʱƽƽ棬ȹƬƺԼ˺Ӧ֮󣬽ϲâ
һâҫۣһȴΪһԵʮ㣬һȴԵƳǱɢ»֮ĳȻǿһЩҶĻǰ߯˹ĳҪǱ̫񽣲ࡣ
ϧɶԵȴнȻͬˣ
Ҷ̾ҲΪ֮ž뽫밢߯˹Ҷ˵Ǳ֮ĳ͸ҰɣҲа취ҲúǱ̫ĳһ
תͷ°߯˹û뵽ῪڣͲСˣοҲ㲻ʲôϡ͸˰߯˹񽣣ֻҪԸɽɴٰʮ
ʵҲ࣬˵֣Ӣʮ֮ѾóȥˣȻʵϲ˵㣬ضʱǶЩģһЩﲻԣʿҲԸŪһԻȥ
˵ⱾͲɶöҶս󣬵ǿһ׵ķˡ
߯˹ӹȻԼұ۵ıۻһâ΢΢һⳤʧǱۻʱϵģװξԼ߯˹Ὣŵ棬Ҳֳ½ӡ
תͷȥ޵ʬѾ׻˳ΪһǱգðƥ˹̫񼸺ûκεӡǡ
뵽ҶҲͦλеú̫ãǵÿأÿضûк³ģ±ӣǧÿˣ
˵⻰ʱʹûʦҲã
ȵϢɢҶ밢߯˹粢ߵǰȻûܵʲô˺Ǵʱ״Ҳ㲻϶ãҶͳһҩֱӶ˹ȥ
ֻǱܵĽУȻ˿Сҩһ⡣
̷ܹڵƵõ⣡
Ҷǰ͸һȭŮƾǿ־Ӳûл赹ܵ˿ɲΪ־ͻȻáֱȫ֪ѹȺˣû£еǱѾ˺ˣúҽΣ
Ů˺ôҲʵĻŮϣҶҲþͲֱܲˣһҩһ¡
ȻҶľʲôˣʲô񣿣ǿԼŷŮôܣʱҲˣԼŷŮ񲻹ǰλǿŮһĻλŮӦֹͬӦòʲô˰ɣ
ϾŮô࣡ңڷһֱҲû¹ʲôɱ֣㾫˹Ҳûɱһ顣
ֽ̧ҩ趪һ˲䰢ͺˡҩڼ˲ͽ˶ӣǿµζΪԼֱҶһȭû޵ûнѹȫЩҩǿֲζϡ
ǰ˸ͲʲôһаĶħôµֶĥԼ
һɱҸɴ࣡
ⵤҩζȻЩЧȷףܿ͸оԼһֱʹŵڲĺͷҲټ亹ҩЧе㷢ĶʶĶ£ǸӵǺܿɰ
ֻƬ̣Ǹ˺ŮҪ뿪̾վȻ嵽߯˹ǰϥµͷĿŮϣҪʹ񣡡
߯˹ͷŹԼǰİƺҪŸղǸӣȴʼε̾һղӦöˣǻ۲ܲЩĺ壡
ͷ˵ɱŵϥصơ
ҲŮֻΪһһѾˣҲ磬ԡ
ɲ̧ͷҶȴע⵽ƺʲôͣĵ䵽ϣȾʪ˱޵˿ޱȸĵ档
߯˹ȻҲĵǶҲΪǡ
ǡԸһ뿪磡
͵̧ͷ۾дһ˿˼飬ԼǳԵϲãŮ£
߯˹룬϶ĵ˵ͷ¹⾫鲢ûж٣ȫҲû⣡ȻԸĻҲǿģ
ȫ嶼Ը׷Ůȥ
¹⾫Ǿ񣬶ΪԭԭȺľ飬ҲΪ˴ҲΪǵѪͳ¹⾫вǱץȥŮ彻µĻѪԳһ쿪ʼͱų⣬û֮ءڵȴȥмͬʱ򣬰߯˹ҶĽ¹⾫
ڰŮҳ
ԭɭ־һǿ֣Դϥһ֮ҾʧȥԭӵеһУ֮Ҹ峤ƶ뿪ԭȺڴ½ˣΰŮ£ҡκԭΪԶ޷ˣ
ǡð˻׿ڽԼľһ쿪ʼҾ¶ĽԼһж׸ΰŮ£
һκׯصԣֻҶȴԾ뵽˱ĵطȥԴһ˲ͱһаĻռݡ
˦˦ͷҶͻȻһȺСڻĶȺ飬е¹⾫鶼׼氢߯˹뿪磬ȺһҵҲֻǰæһ


141 
һ˰߯˹Ū˰ޣ˴֮öݶ˳˳ҶļǲԼ﾿ʲô飬ɱ˰Ƚ̵ӡ
ڵֶһӽһ¹⾫Ϊһܹе飬Ͱ߯˹Լһ¹⾫˰ƥ˹ɽʱǰӭӵŵҲһ
Щǡ
Ǹ񣡡߯˹ĻشݶôãһĿŵһ¹⾫ţŮ˷ǳĿ£ԺǧҪŮ¹ϵôá

ŵ֪ҶǹģȻǺ׶ΣϵƺԽԽˣ
߯˹û˵ʲôƺĬˣΪ̬ȣѾ֪λ߹ǰŮʵǾһֱŮ񡭡ı壬ڶ¹⾫ȻŵȱӦеĹжٴһЩ衣
ҶתԽй˵ŵȣѾϣģͺûйϵˣںǸ˵ļ桭ҶӳһƬʱ֪ͨ㣡
ŵȽӹƬ£ðŵһЩʥսˣǸ˿ɾͻˣ
֪
˵ͷǴˣҶ׼ֱȥѩԭҸʱ䰲ŵ·ļԼ顪ƥ˹ɽѾûֵȥעˡ
̧׼뿪뻹û߳ͱ߯˹סԼǿ䣺Ҳȥ

Ȼ߯˹ҶһξҶĵĹ۸лһЩı䣬Ը˵ԭĲŶԣҶҲû˵ʲô߯˹һߵĻþ㰢߯˹ԼĹˣɻȥŮŶԡ
Ҳ˵ƥ˹ɽļңѾص˼ңƺûҪԼܳܰɣ
߯˹ҲԼɣҪǰһµļ԰ƥ˹ɽԲʣ
¹⾫ϴԼͨҪǿһЩ츳ҲҪһЩҲһЩⲻǾͿһסڰƥ˹ɽϡ
ͬʱƥ˹ЩȽǿԼͽҲûм˭Լͽӵɽס¹⾫Ȼǰ߯˹񣬵ȴҪѰԼľס֮ء
ǻõ߯˹Լƥ˹ıӣ˳İȵķչȥԼѪ
ҶĿ˿ӽһٺ¹⾫飬Ǵ󲿷ֶòһԼģҲģȽرЩѪˣ⸱ͨ廹кܴģԲúðû治С
׼ô죿
¹⾫ѾϰɭеֻҪһɭ־Ϳԣ
̬ԭʼҪһֲǺѣ鷳֮ҲҪԶһ㡣
һǰţһ̸顣һ飬ʵʵĸں棬ֻһ·ҿƺΪ桪»˭ɣ
һ֮󣬷ƺԼԭԼסûʲôͬĿֲͬͬաҲ̫ͬŮ˵ģΪԼԭУֻǵһطˡ
һ֮󣬰ͷǰû·ˣ͵ɽڼûκοԽĵطվ¿Ȼһۿ档ָ߶Լֶ͵ɽڣڽýݵľ֣Ҳ˳µɽס
Ӧôɽʱ򣬰ͿҶ˾ȻƮȻָһȺ˶Ů˵һȺ׼ôɽ
߯˹üָﴵһĿڣûöãһͷǿ׳¹ŵĳݾʹԶ߯˹ȳͣ¾һԾվȥһĳݵıԵݺ澹ȻϳһǵβһĹ⻪
Ŷ治
ҶȻƵĳһβ֮۳壬ҼΪʵϣ߯˹ҪվȥȻóݴ뿪ƥ˹ɽ
ˣҲͲٶԣ𽣹ֱһ¹⾫۵Сۣﲻ֪ӦηӦǵ֪ŮҲûôŵȻǰλŮҲʩչһЩֶΣԼǾܡ
Ҷһûʲôûʲôܷɵôڿն⻪õķɳԶе㳬ǵⷶΧˡ
̤β͵Ĺ֮ϣڶྫһߵͷŽ̤ŵĹâһĵʱȫڰգҪǽͻȻһյȥڻûʲôǷɵĸٵһʬ޴³
ȵ߯˹ݳɵ߿֮ڶྫвٱһվȽֱģҲ۹ֽű۸ҿġ
ΨһҲǰˣֻԼ֪Լ˫ҲǷͬʱֻԼ߱ϻƽУ˿ҽƳ֣ԼҲֲסԼڵء
һֱ˺һֱڶྫǶȷԼǰȫ֮󣬲ſʼмͲС鳶ԱߵȱȻ
ʱ򰢶߯˹ĳѾ׷Ҷģ˲УȻвپҶıԺԼηĿ⡣
Ҳ֮һԵݸˡ
ӿʼʱΪŮһǿҿ϶ǷǳϤ֣޳ֺʶ˺ŮбȽܵĹϵ
ǵǸֳֵŮԼ˵Ӧԣ漴׼뿪ΪԻУѵҲ´ˣôʲôݣ
ʶһ㣬ǾӣԼŷŮӦòһģ
߯˹վڳϣϤĸоٴλע⵽߽еҶ֮ȴԼעȻһεתƵ˵ϡ
ǡ
ʲô߯˹˰Ҳ벻һʵĴʻ㣬ֻεķԹĿбӵǰ۽ǵԶǸӰ
ҶĿɲһ㣬һ߯˹ƺָֻǰģ΢еʧ䣬ҶȵļȻ԰߯˹Ӱ죬վֱӸı䰢߯˹һ׵ġ
ҪȥѩԭˣһʱҶ
߯˹ԣһֱҶתתʱȴʹҲųݹ˸䣬ָȥ
Ҷĳʱûע⣬һͷʱ򣬷ְ߯˹ɾԼб󷽣һȵķٶȣٴ밢߯˹ƽУǡ
߯˹ҧҧ촽޺޵ĵҲȥ￴
˵ʵⲻһܺõѡ񣬰߯˹ֱӽԼ뵽һƬѩ֮У󲿷ֵľһеʱ̾ͱֳǿҵĲʣֻһȡů
߯˹ݺק⣬þǲǿӰ죬Ǻȴ޷⣬ΣֻڣŮ£̫ˣǶЩֲס
ͷ˿߯˹Ҳе㲻̣תͷȻһ޷޵Ҷģ漴׼ٴθı䷽
ʱҶһӣһƾն֣ȻҶĵĲٿлһٺɫĹ켣ڶྫͷĵط
ţٺɫĳɢ̫һůâĽǵĺ˿ȥ
ȻеսԴ̫֮Ѿûԭľԣ̫߹ҿеʱܹʱ񽣲̺֮ǿ̫ɢůֱСһ
Ȼϵóʱ׹ԭǸ˵ʱóĳôϷɣһЩЧ
һ߯˹ҲͲٿǵ飬ַһ֮Ҷȿ˿ڣôŵȵĵ
⣬ڰ߯˹Щǰ˵ƺ׵ҶһʱҲʵĻ⣬ֻס
Һð߯˹ͲںЩŵȡ˹ޡЩͽǧǧ񣬰߯˹ȥչԼͽͲںжԼǰƥ˹бȽеһ
ĴڣȻںЩ飬ǳ̹ȻľͻشҶĵ⣺ڳȥԽƵʱŵװﰵң
˵ͬʱ߯˹ɫƵĸһԼĲƵʱǸط⵽ŵȵϮ
ұסĿҵʶֳ˼֣漴ֽҶǸУʹ˳˯С
ʵϣԶֻô򵥣ŵڽ߯˹ǸеʱĶ˵һ仰Լ㹻ɣ
ʱ߯˹仰ĺ壬ѾˡԼŵǸŮµҶϹҶȥ𰢲޵ľ޴
ʵϣѹһָԼʶĵﻹôһ˲Ŀģһ˿ĵĸоҶһϵûУϾһԸΣյԼʱŮôôˣĵ׵Ҳᱻ
ο߯˹Ŀˣǰ̬ҲǶԼһұ
Ѿôˣһ߯˹͸оһѹͷĴʯڱῪһΪʯῪǸˣҶѾڲ֪ռһҪλá
ټҶȵǶμ䡭
ҶĳƬ̣ô벻뱨𣿡
ʲô߯˹һ£Ҷ仰ʲô˼
ŵô㣬㲻𣿡˵ŻҶľȻôȻɢȥ⣬Ȼڰ߯˹ȵĿ̤˳ݣվԡ
ֽ߯˹ɢҵķ˿۵˶ҶʱȻ÷ǳȻ߯˹Ҳǳ̹ȻƾҶôǵĶ˿ʲôס
˵۸ģ
Ǿ仰ɲֻ԰˵˵ѣ׼ôοŵǸŮ˰ٰƿԼöΣ𲻱ʵ
ŵСۣҶĵҲö࿪Ͳֱ˳һƻЦչԼĴȵˡƳȥӡ
׼ô߯˹߲ʱվҶԣҲҪͷԻֻΪ̫ٻҪ°̧һ㣬ͺǷ˹˫һ
Ҷ΢΢һ˿ƽŵô飬뵱ƥ˹Ȼˣˣ
ŵȻôִ֪磬ûаҲ㲻ҶҲǵɱŮ˲ܽһҪģȥŮŽľ֮λˣһ¡
ҶѾ˴ôϾǰƥ˹λ㹻ˣҪֻŵһɣ
۽ߵİ߯˹ûȤ
ҡҡͷ߯˹ν֮λһȤûУҲϲס
ܷϰ߯˹ԸҶƺϵôشһܿԼѡãù˹ô


142 ɹ
Ҷĵð߯˹еԾҶƺִһ
ķӦҶҲûŵ̫ˣңҰģ
ͲҪ˵ˣŵŮΧЩھӡǾ㲻ʲôϢ˹ƺһ㡣
ܹŰ߯˹ƥ˹˵ⷬҲܹĳҶĸûн߯˹ˡ߯˹Ҳ˿ûоʲôף˵ǹ˹ŵȵûʲôӰ졣
úãǾɣ
ת½߷ǰϣ߯˹ڶ԰ƥ˹ɽû̫ĸоˣѾ뿪ƥ˹ɽ뷨ȻĹעЩ顣
ҶԼҲ³˰߯˹뷨ѯԷڽʲôˣԺʲô𣿡
Ҹġ˴ŵĵطס°ɣ
ͷǲһٸ¹⾫飬Щǽǰ߯˹ԺûʲôĻܴĿЩǴһ
áɽô
߯˹תͷҶģԼܳ˻ղŵĻĪֻһþ
˵Ҷǲ˵ֻİɣӡеҶһǿеͬʱԼȱȤĶˡ
ҶĵûлرĿ⣬ϾҲˣôһμȷǲܳ׽Ů˶һˣȻŲ£ǾʹϰɣԺԼٺڡ
㡭ڶ𣿡
߯˹˺һ󣬶Ҷĵ˫ӣ˰°ʳһ仰ΪŮĽһߴӰϲɫӦ־ٶüȻ˼ôǾͰѻ̯˵װɣ
ܸһ϶Ĵ𸴣ôͬкøеҲϣҪи϶Ĵ𸴣ҪɻءŮ񣬰ƥ˹ҲǶ˵ĴڣǲܽһĽġ
Ҷһûӱܰ߯˹עӣֻǶ˫ۣ㲻Ҳ֪ҵȷһ𣡡˶٣һ׺Զ
߯˹ûֱӻشҿǿǡĻҲû˵ֱתͷˣշ
ҶҲûпʲôͬվڰ߯˹ĳһ𷢴һֱݽŵ˸߶ȣȻͣǴɽ档
˳ݣǱչ񽣣սеŤԳչ񽣰ɡֺһľᵰۣȻûûǳݵڷ絲ѩǻܹоĵҵĺ䡣
ڽɽͺ࣬չƯͷɢůҲĸΪ⺮ˡ
ȵǴľ޴֮֮ܶ¶ҲҪɽů࣬ټ񽣻֣¶ȴԼͺʱֲ˶٣ǿľúʡ
ҶĴôһȺ˻˹ȻЩԾҶĵԻŰ߯˹ƥ˹塪Ȼ֪ҶʵϾǰ߯˹תǡ
ʦŮջˣ
վıȽԶ߯˹֮һʱͺԼʦ˵ĻعͷԼʦܺԼ۾ûнӻл͸һ㾪ȡ
߶ԵеţԼĽϣΪ¶Ͱƥ˹֮ĹϵôãתͷοһˡӦðɡ
ҶĺͰ߯˹ü˸һȺż䣬ԾνľĴڡ
һȺǴ˵еľ𣿡
شһ֮󷴵ǺԼӣԭҲо𣿡
߶ҡҡͷûм壡ҲǱˣ
¶ҲģȻҲһЩƿУ߶ﵱոճʱǰȥִйֻǺ¶ưˣЩҲͶȺ߲ܲˣ߱Լƥ˹ռȥ
ҲɣʵǴӱʵһ㶼⡪ЩѾԼ˽˵ˣ˵ҲνѾǧٿˣ׾Լʦ
ʵҪһǣӱһԭס˵һ飬һ¾û֡Ƕһ޶ԽУοҶǰ֮ǰֿŵߡ
ô˵ʦȥǸо壿ϧҪǸȥͺˣҲܼʶʶ
߶ﵹûȻ겻С֪ʶԨһܵˣһԵתͷһԼʦܣҪʶʲôĪҪץûС檰ɣ
仰߶ﵹˣЩҲʲôǡ檡ˣ仰תͷء
أֻǵĶδֵ֪ĺˣֻ뿴˾ʲô𣬽˶ѣ
Ȳ˵û뷨ҲܳϰΪ¶һƶȣ¶߶Ȼƶų⣬ȻԼʦеĽҲֻĽѡ
һҳĹҶҲµĽһЩף֪Ⱥ¹⾫ҲһȺˣҲûʼķ
ֻôྫ飬סɽеҲס£ȴԵЩӵ⼸նԸһ󻹿ԣҪõסǲˡ
߶ȴ⣺ʵϣƬѩԭһطʺǾס
Ŷ
߶￴˿һȺ¹⾫飬󲿷ֿûʲôر𣬲мȽĻΪ⣬ǼϸоһϢ
Ȼ֪ܶ鲢ЩĴǱܵĲϲԶͲôģ˵ĻҲͲôǵطԭһסڣ
ҶŻȻ¶Ȼסѩԭϣ϶յڷѩаɣ¶岻Ϻ˵ʵֻĲʺϾס
ĻƬѩԭп϶һȽʺϾסĵطҲ¶ﻹ޽޴Ĺأ
һ㣬ǰû뵽
аԱһԼҶıϸ׷һãڵɽʵǰ¶һǰڣͬʱҲͨǸطĴš
ɽд۸ӵͨҲǵ¶޽ģһȽصĵ·ͿͨǸط
Ǹط滷ɽɽƣѩȫ棬һȫ磬ǸȺΧɵĹȵСиָĻľһļһдģļ紺Ķ츣ء
¶ͽǸطǴڼûκε·ͨ棬ΨһĽʽͨȺɽɽе߶סɽҲػǸط
ԭĵطҶĸ̾¶廹ҵطһԴʥأҲΪĶһֽɽĳ嶯
ȴԭôõĵط˵ǲȥסʲôﰡȻѾϺҶѩҲϲҲܲնſ籩ѩϲ쿴Ҳķǣ
ο籩ѩȻзζҲ쿴ֻʵΪѹֵģ˵ٻеӰ죬صǲԼںԼŮСֻ󣬵ʲôô죿Ҳһᵽȥסˣ
߶ܾûƺãصҪû취ܾġҶһԿһĻֻܸ̾ɵѾͷƱԵһɶˣضģ
˵һھǾõͶ¹Ժ¼ңھȻܲģ⡮ҡĹķǳ٣ں̵ܶʱͽҪĶϣʵҲûʲôοд﷨Ȼ߶·һɽش
һʼʱܸоĳ·£Ǵͨ·ڵ£һֱһֻúѾӰ٣ǸеԽԽȣʼ˺ˮҶļ״㽫һգʱȴѾòˡ
ʱע⵽ͷҶģʦ񽣡
ҶЦЦ̫֮񽣵˸Ժûôˣ
̻Ȼ׹Լʦɱ̫񰢲ޣһǰ޵´һǱ񽣡
뵽᲻Խһʼղ˵İ߯˹Ǳ˵İ޸е
ϲ˲ϲԼȻ˸ɵһȥϲҲɱԼˣ֮Īڴˡ
Ҳпһ£ǰȻͷСǸÿһûʲôøУҲˣ
ֻǡ۰߯˹վûסеĺ棬˵˾䣺Ҫһʦ𣿡
Դ󲿷˶ҶľԣֻεЦЦӦ󣬻˵һ䣺»Ҫӳ飬ȥĪҪʦ˵˵ƺеָĿڵΪʦԻ˵
תͷ۰߯˹Ǹһģ·Ҳǲ죬Ŀбӣȫʲô
ҶĿԿ϶ղǷޱ̬ģҲʵͷۡӦôȽϺˡ
ţֻñ߻谵ɽȻһ⣬ӼΪ棬ǵ߼žȵķ֣棬һѵҺõĴ֮ܶС
ܶмǹ̵ҽȻֻվһԣȴҲܹоĵЩҽĿ
һƬͨͣðݵҽУһɫӰͣȥҶϸһƣɲ
ѹʲûԭ
ʱԵĻȪʮģҶĵҲûȥţߵҽԱߣ벻ͣ֡
ڶྫͱֵĹɵˣڵǹ᲻ǷûУȷԵе׺
벻죬ڲ֮ǰ뿪ϵᾹȻֱӹȥ
ǾȵǣĶƺûǸĲ˳һͷ˦һҶۼ⣬һ¾ͿǱ˦ıȰƴ˶ٵë¾ȻǼӷС
СȻҲ֣
վſֱ֣ӽļӷƽڻУȻص漴˼ǰУܿ뿪ѵĵط
ʱʱͷȻԵ߶˵˾䣺Ҿط԰һһӦսʿƾǰĵսʤҲܶɣ
߶ﵹǾ鲻ֻͷ۵ǡûˡ
سһȺŬŬ죺ǼȻҪס£ҲóǣҲ
صĻҶ£ͻȻ鵹ΪԼԭļƻһʼð¶һˣֻǿûкʵѡ鵹Ǻʺϡ
Ѱ˼ӦôأǱȴ˼ƻֱӿڵƥ˹ȻŪʥҲ˺ŷɹɣ



143 ҵѪͳ
ɹʲôģҶĵûӣ顮ɽԺĸ֣ھɽͨľ³ǰʱ
Ư
ƽʱϲ˵Ҳɵó̾վɽ±۾գҲգһƬ䣬ƬɫǲԵĺԼû֮Լɼĺ˼ѵĵ׺
ϲȻľǿĻǼΪ˷ܣ뵽ԼͽĻнµļ԰һϲɫ˸һ̸˼Ҹ
߶̾ȻҲǿģϾطǰ¶Ľɲϣ֮һȴʾͨûʲôϡXXX֮ġ
кһȻָԱɽ·ɽ·ͿɽƬɭˣ·ֻҪһ󣡡
Ա㶼ջĿ⣬߶ȥ
˵˸ղűľɫһʱ侹ȻԵˣʱɽɽгʱߣʱߵ˵£ҽĴܶʱڵ
ǺҲûоô£Ȼһ·ߵɽλʱɽȻҪɽȷ˵ϡ
Ψһܹɽ·΢΢ебģֻмʵȽǿˡ
ҶȻ֮һֻС̫ᣬʱ밢߯˹ߣһ·ϻҲû˵һֱ˴ʱˡ
ǰ߯˹ղŸĴϴŵ΢Цϲ֮ͺǿİһܱΪŮȻǼΪϲԣϲȻҲϲȻɭֵУ鵱Ȼ
ϲֻ
ҶȻȻɭ֮ҲȽϲȴиǰᡪǾԼӵһȻΧĻȻνˡ
Լܲ㣬ôԶȻ
ȻѾΪˣһЩϰ߻ûзϲеƣˮʱԿӰϷ֮ġ¶Ѿ˿˵ľϷɵӰҲν
һͿԿҶʵǸɵˣ
߯˹ĴģȻšһǻشҶĵ⣬ҶĺǾᡪԼǰѾܸɴıԼ˼ʱ򲻻ش𻹿ԵŮԵ棬ɶôѵ׼
Ѱ˼ǲӦ˵ȷһʱ򣬰߯˹ˣǸɽƯɭ𣿡
ţҶһһʱ侹ȻûӦֻ㶵ĵͷɽɽһƬ൱ԭʼɭ֣
˵⻰˰߯˹ʲô˼գգֲۣ˾䣺ҿԵĶҲв٣
ʱͻȻǰֻڻһڵСˣкӦҲбʲôɣ
ҶЩļֵҲǹ߯˹ǲԵʲô붼ûɽɽ£ĳУϢĳһ󷢺۾ܣû״±۴˯˯
߯˹˵ͷȻûмȥˣʱҶҲ˵ףһֱԼʼձֱɴİ߯˹ҶŻȻԭ˼͸Լ𰸡

ԼһҶ漴ҲͲپˣ泩һͬһ
һֱ˺һ󣬴ɭеһѾӲݵС·Ҷһ̧ۣͿԶǳ̦ľ޴ΪΧĲԼǽ̦Լɽ¿ʱȻûзֱߵĽ˲ŷﾹȻôһΰĽ
ǰ¶ԭˣ
߶ϡ˵Լոճֻ꣬һͨ߶վһ߶м˿Ҳۡ
վϷİ¶ȨȷĵĽվŰ¶ڶ߶оλԼΪ¡
ʱţԭ̻Ի͵Ѿӣ¶ԼҲ䣬λԼΪ񡭡ҲѾµĲƱȴΪԼҪˡ
ҡҡѾ˹ƺе㲻İţ˿վŵأȻû׳˶ģ˲ԼĹޡ
ڴƺоʲôתͷһ¾Ϳ˶Լ߶ֻס߶ĶͷһڣԺһҾҪסˣ
Ϊ¶ΨһҴߣ߶ȻȨڶྫǱʾΪ˸л߶ؿǻɾֵΰò
ȻͽԼĴׯѡλǡԼǸ޴ĺͬλãҲǳڷĿǣ
Ǻǲɱİɣ
Ҷ֣ͦһʲ֪¹⾫Ѫͳңеľ鶼صģǼɫƤɫ˿ľΪжħѪͳĺڰ飬ǾͲɿڡ
ͬʱҶĻ˼ŵɫƤĸߴΪ׳˶ľ飬ǸģĵһӡǣȥⲻǴ˵еİҹ
ԭһʱûע⵽ʱδע⵽Щ黹Ǹɫ
󲿷ֵ¹⾫Լӡеľࣺϸò˵ûΪǶԼĶˡ
֮Լᵽģһֺ˻Ѫľ飬־һСȣȻĲôԣַĹؽڻΧ˴ྶͥ
˻ѪľҲҪΧЩϸġͬǸӵˡǰ͹̣òּ̳˾һ㣬ȲĻǵƷ
˵ЩѪǸһЩǵĻӭЩ˻ѪľҲҪͨһЩֻۻ˵㲻ʲô¹⾫һ嵮ʱ򣬽ӵʱǾͳ˲һΣǽ
Щڰ飬ȴûв뵽ȥһʼɢ˿Ȼɭȥ
ڰ鼸̽Լɱߣȥ۲츽ЩסԼۼûʲôǴвڣеĻҪƶӦӦԴʩ
ԼվԱߣͬʱŽĹ
һ¹⾫飬ɷ֮ɴ˿ɼһߣЩ鼸ǲܴģԲŻ뵽¹⾫һ嵱С
ǼɫƤľ飬˵ǳʱܵ䣬ȻںڰпȥԼΣȴʼ˶ԭĴ𡪡һԭȺ춼֮£Ϊ⼸ǲĴڡ
Ҷתͷ۰߯˹𣿡
߯˹˼ۺҡҡͷǵﲢûʲôֵǣ̬ͺǱӦеӣ
תŮ񵱳Ͳ鿴ˣʼҲڣָȫǹ۲ˣֻһҪӿ϶жϡ⼸û顣
ҶĻ˲²⣺ҲΪǵƵԻ򣬽һʱ򱬷˳
ڻʲôģҶҲֻжţ˵ҲףֻܴµĽԼ˼һ飬ð߯˹ô¾Ͳٶˡ
ȻɲǺܹðҲˣ⼸鲢ûʲô⣬ģҲʲô˺ӵзＡⲢҸߴ巴ǳһ㾫츳
Ц˵˾䣺ҪЩǣǾͿԷеĵǣֵȥˣ
󣬰ָҶȺƺûʲôرľУвʵǾ൮µİ뾫飬Ȼͨ࣬ھ˵ǻűȽԵġ
ҪǣΪһЩԭ򣬾ڰ뾫鲢ѺãһĳȺе°뾫飬ôΨһ³Ǳɭȥ
¹⾫һеİ뾫вʮģȻΪһЩڵġʣµİ뾫е⵽żֻȺӣԵɺ¼뵽һеġ
йӵѪͳ
˵ͷһȺǺѵ飡Ϊ㶼񣬵໥ҲһìܷѾв˱ǵĴˣ
ҶĵһҲ⣬Ǵۼĵطһìܱ޷ıġ
û뵽ǣ˵ⷬϣ߯˹ܹһֱ
ֻŮһֱǣŻǵȺһֱȶȥ
߯˹û˵ʲôҶȴȿ˿ڣѵֻὫϣڱҾʣսԵصˣ
ķðе⧲ﾹȻ֪ôشҶĳûŰ߯˹Զ׼Զ㣬ʲôҪ
ǣ߯˹ȻĹԹԵĺ뿪ˣѵҲûȤȥԼ
ҲܸʲôվҪԼ
û뵽߯˹ıҶĻͨ͸ҶҲͲöѴˣ밢߯˹һȺæľдһΧĻһ߿Ⱥæµŵľ顣
Ǻ֣ܿ
Ȼÿ鶼۵ͷ󺹣ÿ϶ϲõЦݣҶĿĳĺܿģĽ
߯˹˵Ҳ޷Ⱥ飬ȻЩ顣
תһȦҶĻصǴΰͬæµŵء˹Ҳһ԰֣ӷƶվǿĴʹԼһԶСǰȣһһ®ɽԺ罫жѻõĻҳһ
˵һٶ˾ҶĺͰ߯˹ţݵλҲû˻͵
׼ȥǴɽ
ĲԼ¼ҡأҶҲϻֱӾ˵ԼĴ㡣
ʦҪʲô
ŵ϶ҪҵģܵȥοһҪˣɲôʣ
ҶĻҪ·ŵȵļ棬ԴĻɾͽõĵط¶ˣԾԲﰲż档
ŵǲ˳Ϊ֮ˣҶİλBOSSĻѾͷûҲüȣѾͷҲĻԻصڤ˹ԼҲȥ˹λڤ˼һ棬ҲѾͷˡ
ҶĵĻйؼҲٶԣֻǱʾԼ֪ˣתˡ
ҶĿ˿ֵʵԴһЩ¶ʧȥ˼԰Ҫ֪粢ƽҪɹû˿ɲУ
غٺһЦˣ
˸ҶҲͲٶԣת׼صǴɽȥǰ߯˹ҲҶĺǿġ
»صǴɽУҶĿ۰߯˹κ¾ͺڲˣ
Դ֮һֱԵúܰҺİ߯˹һչŮĸ߰ͷͦʮ˵һ䣺¹Ů񣬴ΪԼѡڣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷǾˣ
ԣȵҶ»صǴɽеʱ򣬱Ӧһ˵ĵطȻվһˣǸոĶʹ֮·
һΪѾ뿪أ


144 ŵȵѡ
·ĳֲҶ⣬ʵ·Ҳóˣߵʱ͸о·ɢϢ֪ͨҶģˡ
ֻǵʱУҲֱϢӦĻǱΪصĵطͻᱩ¶˳ܵţһֱصɽв¶ԼϢʱ·ѾɽǸоҶĵĻӦֱܼӾ뿪ˡ
Ҳ³ҶʲôԼԲûеһʱҲ˵ĺôʣӵйͬĿǰ¸óһЩ룬ûԽһܹĳ̶ȡ
ԣҲʲô΢¶һЩҶĶôĲˣ˲̸֮ʲôɻ̸ʲôѾʼˣϴ˵޷쵽ҲǾͲһμˣ
ǱҶû˵飬ôǾûмȥıҪˡͬʱҲ޵ıʾԼٵľƷǳնҲλȥ֮󣬾ͻĴͻʱܻܲɾͲ˵ˡ
ҶһӣѾĿտտĵطٴγ˿ɳΣɳԣмڷһһ·ԣԾΪ·ŵģҶҪ˵һˣ΢Ҳ¡
ΪʲôѾԣ
Ҷɳһֻǿ۰߯˹ŮͺҶĵǳȻ˿ʲôõĵط
·һע⵽ҶԵŮˣ漴оŮȵİƥ˹֮¶ЦݣŶǲ㿴ۣ
ҶΪ·һˮûϵ漴ŽָһһöԼĪָСƬһƬʱͻɷ۳ɢŵ⻪ɢ˿С
·Ҷĵ֪ⷬʹʲôħǸȡϵ˳Ѿ̸ˣһ¾ƽ˲٣ҲǳȻƷѾơ
ûеȴ̫ãŵȵʹӲԶд˳
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Ů˳˼˵ǰûƽʱҶһϮȹȫţųì仯ɵȨȣɢļƺӰŵȵжԭ׼вͬǣȹ׵Ĳ־˵ǰִַʣԵøԼȲ߸չ˳
ϵҲǻףһ˫ɢĺɫ߸ЬŽɫĹҼסϸĽס
߯˹ŵȵĸıĻ֮۾һâʲôҲû˵ûλôһк
·ŵȵĿͨڿһͬǿԼŽƵĵλǿߣǴŵӡڹţŮ˾ûԼʸ
ȻǰŮǰƥ˹ɽ֪Ů񣬵·ΪԷ;öԷһʸԼҪ̸̽һ
ҶһӣһɳԣǡþҶĵ·֮ĵطҶҪһŰ߯˹˵Ǳ߰ɳ鷳ǰ߯˹ҲԸŵȰš
Ϊ·ڳŵûƽջҶģҲظеͷۣṩһѵ̸г֮⼸ûʲôˣֻҪһԾƷƣߴ԰߯˹ɢĵ㣬žͷǰߵ̸Ϸ롣
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߯˹΢΢תͷһۣȻûзۻôģǸζȴչ¶ţҶҲںɳϣһһ۵ĽεĽ棬ƵôĽζ
飬һҲȤ
ֻƬ̰߯˹Ϳȥˣ˵ÿһ仰ܾĪƫƫƺĵĺܿģԵҶҲĺζѵĺ⼸˲һεģ
ȻǣֻԸˣ
ҶһĨƺҪ΢ĨƽһϲͲҪˣЩҲû̫ϵ
û˵㣬ǣȻֻǺܲ۵һ飬ȴǱߵŵ΢΢ƳһۣͬʱҲð߯˹ôһ˿ġ
̸ɼţҶĺͰ߯˹Ѿȥע˵̸ˣԹԵԼ顣
׼Ӿͻضˣ
߯˹֨
κһȥûѯʵ䣬ǷǳƽĲһ£ͺ˵Ұȥһ
߯˹ûпƺ͵ǲˡ
ˣҶҲĿʼɽˣ
ƥ˹ѾҵУʱڲٿܶԶˣŵȿں̵ܶʱ֮λôҲҪ·ֱ֤·ĶʹһıԼء
սѾ޷ˣʱȥӦ飡οŵܲܵ˵ҶǰǸ̿ɲ˵˵ѡ
Ѿ֮ȥڤڤú̸̸ûеƥ˹ͷУҶľͿԿʼˣûֻĴ㡣ɼҲҪյĴȥˡ
֮ضȻ϶ˣοôҲʵҵĽҲ֪벻
˼ƮɽȥȻǰļˣعʱ·Ѿŵȴ˺˾һЩϴһ£ھǾͲ̸ˣٵԼʱԼص
Ѿ˵·ԹԵƷƣŵһµıҶľ֪ǽˡ
̸ˣ
·ԣŵȵ˵ͷ̸ˣ㡭βǲ׼κϽ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷҪضȥˣҵĻҲѲ𣿡
ŵȺ·Ȳε飬Ҫ׵ĽʵڲдɸһɽҶĶʱҲûаҵĴ㣬ȻҲ
οӻؽ綨ҶĿ϶ɵﰲһЩͨѶķñ磬λȥ̫鷳Ҳء
ŵ۲˵Ƭ򻻳һЦأֲͻȻʧ΢΢ת²ӿ۰߯˹ҲҪȥ𣿲׼ذƥ˹ɽˣ
ˣ߯˹ҲŮ񣬼ŵȵĹϵѾޱȶӣҲظʲôɫ䵭Ļһ䣺ûûʲô𣡡
ŵεƵȷǳͬʱҲƥ˹ɽҪһδıУɽϣᱻȥһΣֻҸطĴһӣżǲһ£ȴŵץȥնӵİԼĸ硣
Ȼ߯˹Լĸ磬ŵȵĹϵȴԶԡڻܺŵƽ͵˵Ѿܲˡ
ŵɱЦݲ˵˸ʲôҶͻȻʱһƺûʲô˼ŵȴףԼһ̫߯˹ԼѾزҶڿҲô˳ۡ
ղһƺǾ棬Ҷġư߯˹Ļô͵ֱսʱֻһ֣һ
𣿼ȻףԺܹĿ֣
ŵǸŮˣʿɶֹҶܹűӰɱѾܲˣӦõôߵҪȥʲôǳɴԼףԺϵһĻǵ֪ͨŶ
߯˹û˵Ȼһģȴ˶Ρûгһջ̸⣬ԼȻпܺһߵһҪʮǰ˸ҵ˵ֻôΨһĿܾø߰Ů񱩵С
ԴЩεİ߯˹һ֮һ޶
ҶһȻĵ˵ͷģ
ʱ·ǰǰ⼸˵ĹϵţǸһͷ΢ɫͷӡǵŮǰƥ˹ɽϵŮ񣬶ŵȵĹϵ⣡
ƫƫŮ˺Ҷ˵ĹϵǳܣпܳΪޣͬʱҶŵȵĹϵҲֵ˼Ů˺ҶҲȤȻûֳ¶˵˿
ҶġģŵҲмּɵ
Ȥ
һĻĻ·ѾƺȵҲζࡣ
ϧû̫ܿõϷƬ֮·ͽƱ£кֱȥˣ
ҶĿ˿ѾûӰӵ·ֽתŵȵϣ㲻뿪
ŵֿ˿Ҷģ˵ʲôȻȥ漴վԼȨҲȥˡ
ҶƺµҪ˵ʲôŵûпڶֱȥҲͬûгԤϡ
һԵİ߯˹Ҳ⣺վϲȨһЩ
һ˲䣬ҲŮһɣ
ҶóһƬ˺֮ݵ˰߯˹ǰΪɣܵе׷󣡡
Ҷô˵߯˹ôѵҪȫˣ
ȫ˼Ȼǲٸŵ鷳˳֮λпڰаһѡ
ϧҶԲôĵˡ
ҾΪôʧȥ˷ܶȤλҲõö֮ĸԼһǳĽڣĻԺﲻʧȥΪ֮ŬܶĿꣿǽǶôȤ
ںѾƵİ߯˹㱻Ҷ仰ŵǺһǰûôҶġǰǰҶʼձǿ󡢽ԼеصģҶȵļҶᡢߴ
Ƹղǰ㣬ǵһμ
ˣ
ʲô
ǵõȺ֮ŭ𣿵ʱ˵кܴȱôʲô𣿡һ𣬰֮󣬰߯˹һ뵽ľȻԼľ
Լľû˵¸ܴĴһֱһҶģϧʼûлᣬʱ˳
ҶļҪ£ŵȺ֮ŭǺǿģϧ׷ʽĻˣֻҪ΢䶯һ£Σ
ô䶯
ֻҪµǳͿˣñ׹ʵӼͲᷢϴεˣ
ҶϴξͿȺ֮ŭȱˣؼ׹ȺȻ̺ǿҲ̫ȶһƬƬʱ;ںˮɸûܵ˺ȫɼ꣬ʹɶˮУҲֲĵ³
ԣֻҪ䶯һͿԣֻǾôһ㣬ð߯˹оþòܳɹھʱ䣬ǾҪ߯˹츳Լˡ
˵£˶һۣȻֲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣҶȻԼӦý߯˹ȥ˵ĽչеĲ˼飬ղ˵ʲôʱоˡ
ڰ߯˹漴ӿ˹ԼͷҶĵļϣһ½εĸоʧ
Ҷ־˳ƻס߯˹ļƫƫʱһզզ˽ˣأһ̺ӣ


145 ̤ϻؼҵ·
ŵˣҶԤϵĿĶ࣬ΪѾͷҪһʱԼأ
վһ㵵ĿԼԼԼԵİ߯˹ҶľѾͷԴﶨȻתһЩôݡ
ˣ
ŵ룬ҶĵûĶʱٰܲѰ߯˹ƿɣĻûκ֮⣬ԵŮ
عŵһӦǻشҶĵ⣬εѰë̺ѽˣôðѻ¯ϣë̺ȥˣ
ΪһѾǴļ紺ĵطסڷĴ󲿷ֶˣë̺Ȼܷ£ֻһЩΰ衪ҶĵȡĴɳҲˡ
ŵתһȦһԴʺţô趼ˣ
㻹ûлشҵ⡭
ȸë̺ҾҪˣҿɲˡ
ҶĵǺܵģǾڤӺˮݵ壬ΪϺͻܵʲô˵ġúޱȣ쳣ܰˣ
ۿŵ۾ﶼҪˮҶһ˦һëƤ£ҾǸߵƷȻǵȻָеġ
ŵһǼƤݾ˫۷Ź⣬ӹȻûеһʱ䴩ϣëƤϲ˰죺ۣߵƤݰȻһ᲻õģϡ

ҶĿŵƣѵŮ˶Щûеֿתͷ߯˹ϲ𣿡
ּǸ߸ޱȽŮҲһֶųѰϲ֮飺е֣ϺǺƯȻû˵ҶѾӦôˡ
ģ·кܶģ
ҲǺ˵ڵУҶŻľ޿м֮¾ϲϹºѩȻҲһ𻨣Ҷ϶ѻ˲֪߰ĶҲòõϣ֮˵
̸ģֻ·ЬȵȾͶһ˶룬ûµĻ˵ԼҲ͸Ժܵеǣû뵽⻰Ӧˡ
ɽɽ磬Щ·ҲǿʽȽأ㲻ʲôϡµЩ·ϻЧҲûиж
ŵ¯ţȻӶһһˣģҶĲ׷һ䣺ˣ
һŵûгˣǾ챧Թ˵أҴǸʲô˰³겻˵ȻôҰȻַңΪСʲôƾ۸𣿡
ҶĻû뵽̶̵ļ죬ȻԷô飿һ룬ڿ˹ʣսļһ˵治ὫһŮӿ̫ҪҲСΪŵԼŵ򵼡ͬʱĳֱ;
Сô룬һ·ǼһûٳԿͷŵһ˹ʮ⣬Ͼ˹С滹ŵʵѾﵽ۷壬ǰһͿˡ
ʵϣҶֻҪȥָָ㣬ŵͿԺ˳ĿǵżؼڡҶƾʲôҪָѾͷ
Ȼأ
ҽǸúõĽѵһ٣˱С㲻ڲ˵ʱԵ쳣ĵ⣬Ƭ̺תͷһƵĿҶģû뵽㾹ȻŪ˹ΰĿүͱôˡ
ΰĿүҲŮ˵£˽ǸһĻ͸֪λҲʲôˣ
ŵĻ˻ȥ֮Ҷֱѯص㣺Ҫʵǣ˹Сӣûҵڤ֮ˮ
ֻϧ仰˵겻Լйֻǽڤ統УȻӦҵڤӣھɹʧˣҵǲ
ҶͷһЦĿŵ˰죬ûаΪŵĽˣ˹ƾڤ֮ˮ˲֮Ȼ˹ġ֮·أ
ŵεҡҡͷû취ұŵ˹ˣȥͲҿԲκϵˣֱ뿪
Ŷŵ˹
˯õ˹˹ָʾŻְţҲǹ˹뵽ʲô˵λڤ˲ʵѾԼ̣Ҫ˳һЩʲôпܵľڤһһѹأݺݵĥһ˹ʵ
һǹ˹ģҲŵҲһ֣
ϸĻŵʹ֪˿˹飬Ҳôͽ̴򵽹˹ϣĻŮŲߣһδ֪δֲ̫ˣĽ;ǹ˹ڷŵſ˹ڤ֮󣬲Լͼ
ΪʲôὫŵԼϵһһ㲢Ѳ²⡣
Ҷĵ뵽ʥսе飬˹Ȼ֪ģҲ֪νĽţƽʥʿʵϾҶġ
Ҷץŵʱɱ˲ڤʿЩڤʿ֮ȫԽڤת塪ͨת壬˹Ϳ֪ŵǱ˭ץ˵ġ
ôŵ˹Ǳ𣿡
ŵһȵ˾䣺ô֪һ¾Ҷ˴𰸡
Ҳ²û
תŵ˹лһǱ壬ʹڤ˹ȷĲ²⣬ͬʱΪŵѾҶһˣûбҪתȥֱԱʾˡ
ŵη屾廹ת塭ҲѲ²⣬ŵǰĻͱڤŵ˹ʱڤʿĿ϶Ǳ壬ֻת壬ֻҪһμŵ˹һģôͿԵ֪ת֮ˡ
˵ĺʲô֪һȻôָһ㣬СЩǸҰļһƵ
ϵľͣĴŻ¯ҲҪûյĸһЩڷйԼеĲ
Ҷĵǻ벻⣬Ц˵˾䣺ָһ㶼֪ˣﻹôҶȥָͷˣҲʡķһ񻹶ǧС
ɽʵҲ֮ҶĵҲֻȷûʲô֮ˮ׼֮Ҳиŵĸ㲻ʲôϸĶ
ν͸ǳˣܰԼ̥ȻԼûʲôһ˵ҪԼĸãɻҪԼŬ
ѯһЩ£֪ŵȻŵ˹ı壬ȴû˵̫Ļŵ˹ֻǵ֮һŵôƥ˹вĴڣڷʼһƲģ
ΪŵҶĳ˹ϵŵ˹˵ֱһ߳ڤ£
޴ĸ߰һڣ͸оԴ˸еʹĿ⣬תͷŰ߯˹Ҳ˵㣡
ֱʱ򣬲ʱŵԵ߹ֽһͿŮˣŮ񣬰߯˹
ŶŶŶŵһͲµģɴżֺ棬ͣĴŰ߯˹˰ͻȻϸ˫۰ָ߹ֻƯֱϣΪģ
ѾͷĪΪҶѾٸеˣһԳ磬ҶĹ£ԼҲȥ˹̸һ̸ˡ
Ȼأ
ҶĵĴ㣬߯˹û̫ȣҶͺ
ȻͿԻضȥˡҲһ𣡡
򵥵Ľ£˶ҶľֱȥѰ˹
һûнκˣǳĵ͵ұšսپһ죬ѾصƬѩԭ
Ҷһڤ֮û֪ʲô֪û˹˵ϻ¾ֻҶԼ˹֪
֮ҶĵһֱЦݣ԰߯˹²̸ĽӦҶĺ⣬Ļŵȿºѻ֮λˡ
˽߯˹ȷѯʹ⣬ҶĵĻشȴð߯˹һԴˮȻ޷ȫŵȶ֮λĿܣһμҲá
ȫҶľ͹˹ʲôЭܹŵȵ֮λȣϧҶһ仰͸¶ö֮߯˹ҲͲ׷ˣЩҲô⡣
ͬʱ׵¹⾫غ߶򵥵ʰһ˳׼
СȻҲҪһͬǰɽһ˲ҪŴ䣬Ҳһ㣬ȵ˶ɽ֮Ҫһˡ
ȻһӻصѩԭϵʱɽҲһֵǰԼļҡ
Ƭɭ֣Ҳϣ֮ɭԢǰ¶ϣĪģɽɾͺͰ¶һˡ
һӣ˹ⶼҪȥɽģӷȻ£뵹ǲߣƺ˹ؼʱ̣ǼǱؾ֮·ҽܶҲܱ֤ϣ֮ɭİȫ
Ȼ󣬾ŵѾͷˣԼǶˣƺʺϻصȥĻ˵ǣؽܸоԼӣ
˹ŮūǼСĳͬʱڿԵһȺ֮ҲףҪĿ֣ôԼҪӵиǿʵһǲܴɵģҲȥһЩ
Ȼɷǳ
ﶼһȺżֹҶȫްϸģŮӰĶиҵۡŶ𡭡ѽҵͷ
֮ƺ˵һȺ˿ʼŶǰ˰߯˹ڣҲýͨ߶еģǿϳһβ͵ĳݼֱõѡ
վǰ泵ϵҶȴͷĹ¹һԣȻԵŮˣұֶɣ
߯˹ͻȻǵģðҵԣҪôɱҪô¹ߡ㣬ȷôΨһһˣ
ÿÿ˵ĳ߯˹һΡʱŴƣҶĿ˸⣬ʱһҪҶŪû̫⣬Ҷʼûʲô飬еˡ
Ȼ˵ƥ˹ĳЩϷǳĿţǰ߯˹Լ廹ǺܿصģҲΪƥ˹ɽϽļŮ֮һ
ҶָָǰǼͷ¹⼸ͷҲǰɣ
߯˹һɫˣͻȻ׹ΪʲôҪˣֻһЦǣ⼸ͷץµĺһֱΪ
ŶҶſǼͷ¹΢˳˵㡣
ϧѾҶ˼İ߯˹ž˵һ䣺ԺҪʲôԲҵĻҲһͷĳ
֮ңôҾͰ¹ȻȦߣƽʱΪ
Ҷĵɫ쳣ʣԼǵŮ˺ûһǺģʱȲ̸Լ᲻¹⣬ȥʦ˵ƺΪ˵ǰҪ⡣
ƫƫڴʱ󻹴˹˵ȥʦ᲻ᷢ쭣
˹Ƭ̣ûöþ͵óһǳ϶Ĵ𰸣ʦƢǼǱȻˣ


146 콫ѡ
һ·Уÿճʱ˶ñһȤ̫ͣǰеĸоʵڲ֪Ӧ
Դ˵һ䣺㲻ҡա֮󣬾Ҳûȥˣ
ȻҲԼ˵˻֮ļԵĺܣȻ仰ȥ˵˺üôҶˣſʼָ̬
ֻһ·ϻȴСӣλŵ
Դӵ֪Ҷĵɻɽ֮ѾͷͿʼͣʶ˵ɽϻиң֮Ѿͷ͸ˡ
ûּҴС㣿˰
ּСԭеģ͹ˣȰʦ֡ң֮ǧּС磡ɽµ˽ģΪƽﻰ࣬ΪҲΪ͵ɣ鶼ܻԾö֮Ͱɽµ֪˸ͨ͸
ŶŶãŵͷӦ£ǲĽ˽ȥȴô˵ˡ
Ҷֻǿ죬ȴϰµû׼ֻһ䣺¸򰡣ȥúðʦþˡӦûɡӦá
߯˹û˵ʲô确׼ô֮⣿Ըһ𣬵Ů˷㣡ȵҶͷ۵ĻλŮҶҲĲͨ͸ˣ𿴰߯˹ʲô˵ΪŮ˰ĺܣм˵ЩҪʲô뷨ܸɴж

Ž·ٱ仯ľ£ҶҲ֪Ƕ㲻ȥģֻԣڽΡ˵ɣ
һ˽Ҫɽ飬Ѿͨ̽ĶԽܸɽǱߣѩͻ¶ܿģϾֱôãҶĽŮҲΪҶģҶıʾҪˣŮѾֱܵˡ
̧ͷȥˣŵѯɽϵ飬ע⵽ŵ˵ġʦ֮òʤ¼Ůӣܼ֮۷Ź⣬ˮ
ǸǸǸʦʲôŵ۾ֱ̹⣬Χ˿û䣬ظǲԾĿʼλûʦ嵣ͬǵ֪ŮĳЩϸǲĴڡ
벻⣬ϾദվãҲ֪λʦɽϽҶĵǿڣҺ֪͵һ֮Ҳסλʦǿű׼ģС˵оһĴڣ
Ȼʱ˺ģɽϺ񲢲ϡ棬ҲԼʦôģȻ߾ۼһȺı̬ڣеٮٮߡͬʱܵĽǺܹŴ֣ĸ۵뽫ŮӰϷŪ³ҡ
ʦ嵥һ֣
͡͡졭ŵ߶˼飬ͻȻɫĵôôϤأ
ͷΪг
ŵҡͷǣ϶ԭ򣡡漴Ŷͷһ;÷Աܵᣬɿ϶ûʲôϵ
һԵƬ̣ͻȻϣɻŮʱ
仰һЦ֪ԼʦǸүˣȻܺĳżϳԱͬһˣһȴŵ
˵ôô֣ԭԭ򰡣ˣΪĳŮżͬƫƫԼͦǸϵģԲŻ㡣
ֻΪ˯˺ܾãЩҪͱ˼һʱ֮û
ˣֻͬͬհˣҲͷŵװһģǽ˹ſڵ˫ֲͣأΪʲôƫƫҪְ
˹һŵԽĲ˲ͷϵĺǸΪʦ𣿾ʹŮǵħצ
ʼɾŵʲô⣬ùֻŵԼͱͲǸöԸĽɫԼʦз˵ģλС㣬һŵҲǲܵ顣
˵˵ЦЦ֣һ·ϵҲ÷ƣǻ½űߵĵкԼذͣ任⣬һֱ뿪˵кƬԼԶԼɼĲԭʱ򣬼̾һ
Ϳ˹Ǿ·ȥģȻÿƬԭôɽͲôңԶˡ
ֻǽһ·ȴôƽʱʱɼͥıԷɹҶһ˸Ϊݳǰ߯˹ٲñһЩʣмβŭ˰߯˹ֱӴ
ҺãΪĵ˿ȥ
ʱҶĵ˱ͥУסǰ֮·ҲûʲôǰѾ˼ΣֻͥУǸ֪ͨļһһҧ·ɽҶĵɽ͵С
Ҷĵ˻ûϾʱսʱһЩͨҲǰ߯˹ɲˣ¾Ҫ֡
Һùһ·ŽΣ
ǼѲڵУҶվڳϺԱųĹ˴кؽδȥ
ΪҲǳѲӵģģӦǣʲô鼱ȥ죡
ԣǿ˿Ҷĺ󣬾ҲûҪʱѾ꯿е֪ܹͥ󵨶ԷñλҶҲǳ˺ôǰͥҲ޷ôĲ˲ֱ˷ȥ
ˣλҶҲ֪ˡο˶ҲһˣҶĿʦһȷûıҪ
£㸧ųѯ˾䣺Ҷʲһ·ҲѲ˰ɣʲô
Ҷ룬ղŻû̫Щ飬ʱһŴµеͷֻģģĲһʱ侹ȻץؼԵİ߯˹ֱӿڵڶ࣬ȴûм㹻ʵͳ죡
ҶŻȻ򡪡ɽսȻͬڷˣɳȥѲվڵֻҪͨ㹻ˣ֮͵ϮģֻȻǲģ϶ҪɸסĽ졣
ܹסˣøԼȡͨ籨ʾ˵ãҶһ·ȻײѲߵȴûʵ콫
ǰ߯˹ԹôƵŮӣҰʷ˵ضΪϲŮɫҲ÷ֱ棬߯˹ڹ˵ֻһġǰȻ
ʱ˵֪ⷬСŮӣλǡ
ƥ˹ɽŮ񰢶߯˹
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˵־еŬԼ̵Ⱥͽǣûʧ䵽ʲô鶼˵ĵز
չܰȥģ
ҶҲ˵ʲôֻܽеӶŵƳԾõӵǰ;
ѾǵˣȻָഺ˫ʮ껪òһͷѩһİ׷ȴûлָѾͷǶԼЩʦѪеΣҲֻܿʱ⡣
ӣѾָòֻǸݸϲòָͬ䶼ͬ
ϹΪܵңӰ죬ֱӻָԼʱĹӸģֿʼңյһɽĺ졪վңĶ˵㣬ʵĻסԼӡҪǣϹ͵еӣǵ۶λʦʦأ
ǻָ׳ʱòԼĪʮ£أԼ͸һӡ֮
⣬ܹҲ˵ɣָ˵ռʱģǱն£ոߣΪֻص˹ȥƵء
ˣأ
һλɽţ²ƵصˣѾ뿪ɽأ
ף
ҶΪԾ漴ףȻ޳˵֮󣬲ԸǼ£ֱ뿪ɽȥѰҺʵĵطҪɽɽţ
ЦЦȻ꣬ʵɽ˺δ
Ҷһ¾Ͳµ࣬ѩҲȣֱָָ棺ɽƬѩǵȺ֮УλȴҪźָ㿴ˣ
룬ǵطΪɽɵҶĵ˵ͷʾԼճȥ֮󣬾ͼԼҵ¡
һľһ磬һֱ緹ʱҶĲźŮ뿪ԷһͿ߯˹һ˪źһȻͲ˵ˡ
ҶĿ˿Լ漴˿ԵŮһ¾װ߯˹ʲôҶֻ᣺ʲôҲû


149 ɽƷ
Ժ䣬Ů˾ֱȥ緹һ㶼ԼԺʳãзȴͬ
һûʲôĻҶĵЩͽܶۼһòͣżҲȥԼĵһвͣûӵĵǱȻ
һ㣬ʱ򼸺û˭᲻зеʱæĳЩ黹ܴÿȴһȺ˾ۼһͬҪϣ˭Ҳ
ɽɽչҲĶˣҶԽͬʱ֮Ϊòûʲôֳͬе
ȺദĶ㽻鵭Ҳʲôìܡ
λ£һѾ˸Ҷֻһƣͷֽرȫңһ˵ʲô̾ЩӽһҲСʦܡ
ͬʱҲµʦģ
߯˹ҶĵԱߣ½Լԭλ˳һǸǵʦҲð߯˹ֳ¾ñŤ
Ű߯˹ԱͺͻһԣԶȥһڵӡ
ŵʲôʱ˽ӹӹ࣬治¡ʱһͣһ߲ͣΣӦ
ҲңһѰͬأ
һĪҲȥˣϹһЦʦܺʲô̼쿪ʼͶڷвϳˣ
һ漴ȻЦһ󣬱Ȼˣ㲻ùˣǳԷǣ
Ҷĵ˺ģܵĳԼ¸ղǷʲôĻ׷һ²ܵɽŴȺ漴ִܵĪʲô£
꣬Ȼ¿꣡߯˹ǵǰһСľɲ֪ôһԶԷģѰ˼ĪҪץ
˴ʱҶŻ£Ҫǲش⣬ٷǱˣֻýԭԭ˵һ飬ǵ˲ǸÿЦֻ
ԭԴӰ˻Ϊʦǿһ಻ԣħȻں̫񹦵һЩɴϻħ·
֪ħǸŮϰģһжŤȲᣬֻʹõħȹ͹Ƶˡ
¸Ǵ赸Ļʼһʱʲô٤١ɲͨͨ˳ʱ֪ԽԽòԡֻǲЩɵñ
ЩŮԻĶԼʦʱʱһ÷ǳε·ԴԽԽòζֻʱڶˣѾһϵл˸࣬ͬʱħҲʼгɣʱֻҪվŲ˵ǾͺһСһ޶
¸Ǹɴֱ࣬ŮװʦȻҲӣССıһ²ΪԼǸˣӦǴŮ˵·
ȴã㴩ܺʰòʵں˲̫󣬾㴩װҲᱻаŮװ
ֻܴҪʦ֤ԼǺŵģʺŮ·
ʱҶĴյĵػ¾Ͷ˵˾䣺ȥӭλʦܣܿӣǱ֤㲻ʺŮװ֮ɽ¶ݣȻ޷飬ֻҸˣʦ֮ԣ취ã˳ȥɽŵҶĵ˹Ͳˡ
֪ҶһԼӵĶȤζѾʲôˣȻġ츳ȷһЩҲڱô̵ɣĻԺγסعҶʶˣֲƺ̫ᡣ
ҲеΣû뵽ԼȻˡסָоͺһѾվ±ʱܵȥڿͰ͵ԼȣԼûԮַһŽȥһ
뵽˴ر㿪ڵȥʦֵǸ
أȻΪʦȻҪҵ²µ˵һ࣬ڳȴףµľѧɫ⣬ħȻҲףѾľˡ
ɫ⡭ûҪǵôŮװɣֻЩ˭Ҳ˵ˣùֲԼ
˵ǿȸҲһŮһ㣬Ī⣿Ҷĵ˼ƮĸԶô²Ժٲûϰɫ⣬ɫǿľѧǿȴһȸκҲƯĲүǡ
ҡҡͷЩ˦⣬Ҷӵһ䣺ԷȻͽһ鼦ʦá
ּһ߯˹һӻ¡ʱҶĲע⵽ôĲ˴඼Ⱑ
ʦ֪ɽﲻ٣߲ȴȫԼֲϵڶ࣬˱Ƚ٣
ǰѾŪ˼԰ѵ
޾ڴ˴ʲλ«ɣֻ֣Ӣ֣ӢЦ£һʼֻǹˣ߲ȴˣѾʹǰʼԵ飬ӾͲ߲˲õˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʮɽȻһֱڷչҪʵЩӰܵⷴûиϽȡ
֣ӢʮҲʲôҲûȻɽеķᶼͨˮˣˮǲȥǼڹ̶ˮȥˮˡ
֮⣬ԭϾɵéҲĽȫʽĳˮͰͬʱҲࡪԺûŪ̫࣬Ϊ󲿷˶Ҫʩˡ
˵֣ӢһҪ䶼ԡңֻ̱ȽϺôʹһЩݽؽ˻ڹ滮׶Ρ
һ߳ŷһλɽܹʦĻ㱨ҶܾһĹ졪ִƵĲһɼɣһС
⣬ǸɽֻѾ˵һƷǰѾʼųۣ첻ĻͿƳʽˣ
ɽֻܴһźţܵɼҷǰҲûнİ취޾֣ӢоãǶòͽ鷳
취󷨣򵥵˵ÿֻڲһ󷨣һǶһ޶ģֻеģ֣ӢΪ˻ԺķʽȷÿֻĲͬȻֻҪֻϵҪӦġԿסǲš
ųɹֻ󷨾ͻֱӽϵòндݡɼҷȫźһط˲䵽һطζԺˡ
ֻ֮Ϻ͵ϵûʲô𣬵Ҫǿ󡪡Ҫ磡ͬʱҲãһƵܣ
Щܶڽɶһջģοɽռݴ˿ڻĵɣʱһֻǱȻˣɽҲԽＯչҪԴ
߶Դ׬е͵ԴһɴػҪ֣֧ԮɽɵһӦԴĵĲˣʱɽҪûʲôµķ·չҪָȫԼص·ȥˡ
һĻɽӳŶ̧ͷ̫ˣ
ֻ˳ƳĻԵĲ̸ɽɵĵ벻ΪԼķˣͬʱҶĵĽָҲķ
ЩǵɽɵԴޣҶĶٻֻżٻȻҪ𣬾ʺɽչԼʹõͼֽŻóã񽣣ǿ򵥣Ҫ󲻶࣬Լ۲Ž֣Ӣġ
ǱԽҶĿ֮ͷҪ󼫶࣬ȻõͼֽȴûóԼպá⻹һ˫ķɽɽĲֿ̾ͻĿտҲ
ȻһЩɽկƷ˲٣ս֡½һԷҶٻɽկͼֽټɽɱƵƷѣֱ֮Ӿ͸˱ɵλڡȥʹá
ڷܣԭʦŵˮ۷壬һ޳˻תԲϣŻҶ˺̵ӡʹǺʱҲٲοŹһЩԭ
ɣϹԶľŽɣսֻȲܴܲˣǺˡ
λڣλͽü˵ͽܣҶյĵӣҲԼķƽһۣ˱ȶʱһսףͬʱ󻹻һѷĵƬɵĴ
Ҷĸŵδû뷨ʮ֮䣬뷨ĵ֣Ӣˣ
Դӵӳ֣֮Ӣ˵ҪֻΪҶĻὫͼֽҲκҵ֮ҲҶĳ֣һԼˡ
Ա𿴵Գƺûʲôϡ棬ֻʵ֣Ӣ๦򣬺ܶúͽƶԳС
޾ҲԱ˲ٽ飬ǳϻɽһ󷨣ȫ߶һſ֮󣬻ԲڶƬ߲ǿᣬٱ֮ģôֱչһǧ׾޳Ҳǲܵġ
ֻ֣Ӣǡǧ׾޳Ҳһ֮ʵüֵԵҲûνǧ׾޳ᵱ£ҪҪչôһԳ۷пܡ
Щǳϻף⵹Ǵ޾ģȴΪͥײôһԷ׳򣬴޾뵽ֱҲڵӵĳŪƵ󷨣ֻķ֮ԶԶӵһԾǡ
ڵӵʦüˣŵȴһɽկ۫Ȼɽկ棬ȴҲǼϹɽկ棬ɽ׼óȥĲһƷǾ죬Ȼ㲻϶ôǿᣬʱĳüʹȴҲ㹻
⼸λӣɽӵбȽⷨľûʲôˣ⼸λҲɽСбȽϰμģŵõԼķ
Ҷĳһٷ֪˱ЩС֮󣬱ʳ䡢ɺԼ⼸λͽ
ŵ֪רıչأ׼ɣɺҲͿʼУȻƽﻹҪԼѧϰĿΣӵʶӦòɶ޲
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һɹǼ˭˭
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ȥ֣ӢҶתͷ˿ңСӺϹͲ֪ʲôһشյһ飬Ҷϸһң˵ǲ²£ʦʲôʱ¾
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ʲôϵϹЩȻ˲١ҪѧʶҲûϸµ̶ֳȡ
غңȴһЦѪʦΪչŮٲõ֣
˹ϹȴңҪô˵ĻҾҲϣ
ʲôϣң⣬ôԼˣ
ϹգգۣȻԱƲ˼£Ϊصĵ


150 
ءң⼸˵ۣҶȥǵûıȽϺãܸԼҲˣ˵Ǿ䡮ƥ˹ŮͦԵѩע⡣
ֻԼʦתͷư߯˹˫۸ӵֿҶģĽ˳Թ⣬Ȼĳ񣬲þЩʲô
Ҷĺһôãٻܲ³һ㣬ֻóƲʱסʦõǽƣĴָĦŰοûкӶνҲ׷ϲ֮ˣг˱ǳĴڣȻҪ𣡡
ѩô˵ɫԻǹһۣţֲѪģ
ҶֵҿɲŪ㣡
⻰˵ľеˣеʱԸܰˣЩܹٲҪ˵ֻƺôǡߵѩ͵͵һ󣬼ûзӦʶԼʦ˵ʱʹЩСֶΣûнб
Ļ⸱ģ⣬ʶһѩֵ˻ЦŵҶһۣȻһ仰ͰѵеҶĸǺˣҾҪͱŮ˷㣿
Ҷε죬ô˵ҲʣҪ⣬һ϶û˳
αﲻѩҲԸΪѣ˾䣺ĪҪһˣȻͲҶģֻԹԵĿ
Ҷ㶣һǽҹȥˣԼʦű飬ɰ߯˹ﻹþͻô˳أ
ѩԸð߯˹ţ˵ҶĵָлЩͳѩȻӲһ㣬վֻг˵ģȻ˵򣬵Ҳֻǽһֵϵ˼룬ǲ̫仯ġ
ˣѩ˵ʲôģȻòˬǲɽܣ
Ƕһֱһһƶȵİƥ˹塭ҶľԼҪߵ·һʱˡ
һٷһֱԵʱ֣һЩҪæĵ⣬ʣµĶһзֱӳԳ衣
ҶŲ豭ڵӺԼ㱨ڽʮ鳹׵ͷ
Ѿ֪֮⣬ңƻˡҪǣһֱҶ߶ɽϷʲô鲻˽Ŀ˹ڻ֪һЩ֮ҲʼĵңһҪǲҸҾͺƴ˵ļơ
ңҲÿˣ
žڲԶңһҶҲ̾һҲ˱ɻ˼ˣ
һԵĿ˵ǱȻһ鲻Ը۵׻͸¶һЩϲɫ
ɽľˣҲӦһЩʽ˼룬£г׼ˡ
Ҳеζ˺ңֹĳȥֻСӻ֣ʵڲץסʦûطˡվСңڶСӾɽˣ
ȻʱҶĲãֻǶңϽץΨΨŵŵңҶҲûٶ˵ʲôˮɵġ
ȴû뵽ңСлǰ־֢ȥд˷ҹûӰӣĿЩңЩ䱦ƿƿ޹޶ˡ
ڶյʱҶĶСҲΣңֻǳȥɢɢģȵɽ֮ʱ飬ÿ˹
ÿ˹Ļ˵ǣԼѾɣ²˵ǧ˰ȴȵģȵ
Ҳȵֻлǵǣңγȥʲô飬ִ˼Ů˻ô죿
Ī£Ϊʦʱģ빪˵ллʦҶļȻҪ󣡡

һ˱ҶⲻȻܵҲһ߰οſһ߼Լ顣
һֱֹЪҶŰ߯˹ιɽ
һ߯˹ĽɽµĹϵŪ˸Ҷɽ֮ϣ൱ڰƥ˹ɽϵһС¶ɹʣ鶼ͽ鶼һԾϡ
һϣʤ˹ǿ˭˭ɻ飬簢߯˹ǿ֮˻ǿԷġɽҶķˣУңȻˣҲӦ˻£Ӻˡ
أѵ۲ǲ𣿡
߯˹־ѵͳ߶ּȫĴڲŲʲҺģ
Ѿ֪ڶɽɼɲϡ棬˵ǣЩɼɲԸͥ۵Ļʲô˼
Ҳᵣİɡ
˵ʵҶĲΪ۲ģϾȫԼƿصǿ˭ȫġοּ󶼿Ե֪λ۴˲ʲô󡪡ܹ緢ܹһᵽһ㶼ûɣɲһĳ顣
ô߯˹üͷ
Ҳûа취ɽĸʵϾһҼɵɣ
ǰ߯˹Ѿ֪Ƕ˺ģ󲿷ֶǺųϵɾԼ˵λġ
һҼɣṩɹĴڣ
ͥȻ󲿷ֶϹžʹڵˣŵùĵϵɼҲǿŷϷŸҷĴ󵨵ʹõģ
ͥʵȨģ֮ĸڰҲľķλ⣬Ტۡ
֮ɽ޷⣬ҲøŸɵְ֮ͥͥϵܵĽЩɻԼΪеĿܡ
ڸģǾͲˣ
һ밢߯˹˵һ飬ŮȻûȫ⣬Ҳˡܺ棬ѵôûһҪȡ֮
ֱǲ˼飡
룬ǻԼֵһȺǿߣԼʵҲǿΪʲôһҪͥģ͸ɵԼȡ֮ˡ
ҶҡҡͷȴΪеһЩʹȻˣ
󲿷ɼǳǸԺܶɶרԼģԼСӣ̫ҰġȻҶĺܺ˳ȴܣҪʲô
վɽ±ϿԶȺɽҶĺͰ߯˹ûɽƾǿԼϴš
ҶĻûʲôһԵİ߯˹Ϊĳȹɽһϵһ𣬽ǰ͹µĸչ˸쾡£ԵҶĴ۸
Լͷ߯˹ƺǵ⣺ÿ𣿡
ţҶҲɴֱ࣬ӵ˵ͷǳʵ˵ԼĸоȻһҲܻ۾ͣĿ
߯˹ҲվƾҶĿΪڰ߯˹УԼܹõ˵һֵø˵飬ȻҪܻ䡣ϸһμϾͱ˸׵ˣ˵ĸ黹ڼµУ
˾һչԼģһ۸˺һ˲ųǿɽ⣬ȻһԶ
ֻʱ֮Ϲ;ͼҴǰʩʦ
⼸ĵľǰ߯˹ĳƺŷ˵ĻûţԴʱ򶼾ܿ߯˹ʱϹȴܲȥվﲻ֪ôˡ
ʲô飿
ҶƳΣ˻ͷ
ʦǰɽ
ɽ
ϡˣɽɽҲʮˣûʲôǰɽĶͥˣ΢кҲ͸Žˣ쿴ϹӣǸ
Ǻ˰ɽܲ죬һûʲôĻ˻ụ߶οɽλƫԶۿܱ߾Ҫһս˲ܹݷ߶İɣ
Ϲһ仰׹ΪλѰɽˡ
˵Ǿ뱾ɲԶĴ̷ϵɣţ֪֮ǰݷھˣ
ŶҶһ㶣漴ˣԭǴţ
ǻԼŶȥͥɽעʱ飬һȻʮǰˣʱ·ϵ֪֮ڣʱֻգҲû̫ȥ
ȻʱѰ˼Ҹʱȥݻһھӣɻ֮СһһͰˣǽǰݷãٹҲ벻顣
ҲֵͦģôݷԼң
ҪɽȻǼп˸̣ȥЩҲһɷСɽҲűڵġ
һ˵Ľôɿ϶ڳ֮ǰھݻһ£Ҳһ֡ɽͷȻһһǾ͵ÿԺĽˡ
ûеĻŪûᱻƲԼʹ˽ҲûУһƴĸżʡ
ɽɳ֮ΪһЩԼҶҪ͵չԵɣûĴҳײȻǰȥݷ
ǵɽطܱʵûʲôɣĴҲ൱һξ룬µҲëһǰݷã⡭ƺеè尡
ҶѰ˼һ벻ؼϹһʵ˿˵ʲôˣ
Ϲ;þʣȻҶĻк壬ҡҡͷŮʲôҲû˵ֻ˵ǰݷʶʶ·;ԺҺö߶߶
Ҷˣ˿ûʲô⣬⻰˼ƺǰʾãд˵Ϲǰ·ֱȥ
ΪǰɼɴĳнֱеȺҶĵ֪ϢҲֱȴǴӵ룬ȻתãʾԼ˼ҡ
һתͿŮӣԼĪ˫ʮòֻ˵ò˭ҲЩɵŮӾǶ꣬ҲϸʣòŮ
ҶҲˣ㱾òһ㣬г֮ҲὫһȱĵгѿģҲϡ棬ʩ񣺡ǰ֮£
Ů֮ǹȻŵ˫ˮĴ۴Ҷһ裬΢۵Ůӿ˿ڣɽɵţŲ񰡣
ԱŮæǳ⣺ҪԣȻתͷҶĵǸʦЩçײѲҪ֣
ô˵ɴһ˿ɻҲڻҶĵݣοڳƵҲƵĳŮҲҶĲɽֻ֮Ӧ˵ġˣɽеĿˣŮɫòôÿ
ҶĵһЦҲ·ϣ⸱òȷе㲻ִһɵˣ벻ׯأʦҲ룬ֻϲԲӣձ˻ˡ
ɽҶģ֪λôƺ
ȷɽţŮɫŻָ糣ֹʩһ񣺡ĬĬҶţ
ĬĬǾȤҶĲԾһ飬Ҳֻ֪ǵŵĳƺеͷԡ
ǽĬĬŮֱӽжǹ¶ӲϣʱҲڶ𣬺׼ǱɣҲûི̫ҶżЦˣ
ʵλҲģڴ˼ҶкŮ֮漴ת⣺֪λ˷ǰΪˡ


151 Ѻý
Ůһۣ漴ǽĬĬŮӿڻش𣺡Źڴ˴ɣֻһֱǰݻᣬյ˿УűʹҶǰһҲȫ֮꣡
ҶĿ˿ŮˣȻǲⷬƯһƽĻô࣬ʱܻܳģ㲻Ҳǲ
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153 һ
һצצҶĵȭཻ̾͸оеĲԾɫһ䣬̾ͽƳ˻ÿһûþȫʱܹ˳УʱӦһʼûôҶһˡ
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ңǰǿὣԲѰɽܹɢģʹʹмֹϵɽУʹǿҲá
ȻʵҶһ۶ɣӦƲֻ̫죬ûʱϸԲŻжϣ
Ҷһ̧ͷȥѰǱɽֻһɫƥڿж˸ȦӺ·ɻصҶԣ漴⻪ɢȥ¶һͨתɫεĳ
ŵûʲôϡ棬Ҳͨǽ뽣ɫɫˣ˰벻ʲô֪ɽҲͲȥ룬ֻȴеˡ
˿ԶնҶģһ׵ϱߵĳƮ裬ͷϴϽڣɫķ˿ҲӭɽƮһɫɽƲֹ˫Ȼ£Ŀ߲ʹ⻪תôһƣɽ൱治ףɽҲ
ҪǣҶĸղһѾչֳԼʵȻԭ̬ȥλɽɵš
ֻλ˵ҶʵǿҲܹۿϼ۰ˣ˵ҪǸ˷ŮӣֻҪܹȥ޴ôԼȥɾͽɴҲǲܡ
ȻһҪ뱾ԡ
˵һ룬Σ˫Ӽ伸Ż˦˳ȥЩ濴ƽƽ棬ֻɫ죬ѰƳʲôر֮
Ҷһ˫ܹͫ͸ֻһ̧ۣ̾Ƴ⼸Ż治ɫ죬òͬǵɫĻȻǻ̬ȴһżΪʵĺۣǲСıɫ㣬̾Ҫɱ硣
ɫĻȴǴľ޶ҶȻ챦ѾɣвɽկĺȴҲԶ
⻹ɫĻ棬ȻʱƲʲôֺʵĸоͺƴһƱ򵽵ĻҲܡ
֮⻹ͨԼһЩ׻ҶʹݣȥЩһһܹͬʱע⵽ж
һžȵķȻ󷨾ʹ˴̫Ͼѧɷ̫϶ʻ
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Żһһɳǡڶмײһ󷨾ֲָǰָĻȻǺǿôһСһ㣬ȴ͸¶ƣֻһ֣Ҷľ͸оĪѹ
ʹסҶҲܹо̫϶ʻ𾿾ôǿᣬվĲȴǻ˿ĻðҪѾǷ֮Ѱ䵽϶оôԶĻȴ죬ɼ˻ֲ֮
ʵ϶λҲܣҶĴ죬ҲǺ䤱λԳʹҲΪֻ棬Ҷ⾻ʱ򣬾ȻԱܵһᷳɽžȻܹʹʥ𣿡
ԾԻɷΪֻͨϾ£Ȼܹô̫϶ʻͿ֪˵ϵ츳ˡ
¼ȴһŻζ޷ϰģǾǷҵľϾԣܹ޳ɽɣȥ
Ͼʱ˵ĿǽãҲ˵ܣУμУΪ֪֮һ
ڽ֮ǰһֱû̫ϣϾǾȻƵǼɽҲܹʹ磬·һ޺Ҳ˲ܣοʹ
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ʱǵȴѾŮ֮£ȴǰѰ˼˶Ȼ֮ãպˣ
мһȴּ˼ȣָ̫϶ʻȻӣȴֱ˼֣ȻЩѹȥÿҶļĿ죬ֱһ˫ͫУ߲ʻ͵ĳż
һʱ䳡ƺ˽֣ҶĶѰ˼У
Ҷ˫ֲֻͷһֱԵ͵һ𽣹Ҫֱ
ֻ߻ûǱȻʹԼֶΡ
ȴּʹŶʻַ󣬿дʣ֮͵һ٣кһ
һξȻһԼƱһãɽһ˲֮󣬾ͻָԭͺۻƵء
Ҷȴɫ͵һ䣬ΪȻһΪˣ
ȴһģһԼŵǸģԵò伫ΪƣȴһЩϸ΢Ĳ
Ҷ￴ȥλŵۣһޱȣ˫Ŀ΢գһͷţׯٲȻһõ֮ˣһֺͽǶʻĿȨ˹Եƶɾ
λȴΪͬϾȻһףȻ飬ȴ͸¶һɷ֮Ҷȥʱ򣬲žȵķִһѶѵƬǶǼУһ־ȻʱҶĻ˴һףʱãϾֻϥȡȹסغͻಿǺɫƬȻ塣
λֺ˿Ҷģ󱩺һĳС
ǡһ壿
ϾɷǶʻ𣬾һ壬һ岢ν⻯ô򵥡
һϾҪᵽΪʲô̫ϾǽҲǳţƵĴһˣܴԭϾϾôһֶΡ
һ壬һΪ˶Լֱ˴ˣʵһˣһģɱУ
˵ˣһȺŹķ̬֮ڣʹһ˲Ϊֳʵ½
򵥵˵̫ϾֻҪһʹһУǾ˲ɡɽ˭ֵܵסɵΧŹɻһģԲϵĿ´ڡ
ɴ˿ɼһ֮Եǿ
޾һеʱλ«ҲΪɵҶֻλ«ɰ˳ɳԹһеĿͷ׷֮²ŵ֪«ɵûϾ֮ʱϾͽʦԹһ
޾ԳʵʦҪǿһЩһӦܹ²ǣȴ뱻ʦϾ״һ񷨽ķֱ治壬Դ˾ҲսϾµͷ
ҶļһУҲЩǣһʲô̶ȡ
ԭ޾ԴӰһ֮º󣬾ѯһ֪һȻǿеҲôס
ʱһ㻯ˣҲʵܹһЩսʱ򻹵ôǿĳ̶ȣȻʵӽʱһȻʵõ塪ȻֳÿҪԼ΢һ㣬֣ܵ˵ս˵ġ
ʱʦҲ̶ȣ̫ϾԷֳʵһ޶һоǽ޵С
޾ʱҲĶҲѰ˼һŷҪžͼΪףϾĻ˵ǣ츳꣬츳
һžҪ꣬޾ֱӾ˼ˣοͨҪûǧ겻ͣļǲܷӳӦģҲõϾ³ֱ̫̬
ҶĵʱҲһ֪ɽжͨĹҲ̫ϾʦˣȴվȻײһ
ֻһĲңԼһҪ⣡
룬϶ȴճֺһͬԼҶһ˫ֻۣǿһ֮侹Ȼ˦ɫ֮˹ȥ
⻹꣬Ҷ֪һ谭Ƭ̣˫Ŀ⣬Ƕʻ΢˼ֺ˫͵Աһյ̱
ͱȺŹȺŹ
һɫʱͽҶΧ˵Уֻһգ۵ĹƬϾޱ޼ʵɫ


154 
ޱ޼ʵĽȻǿԼ˵ȴ㲻ʲôȷһ¼ټޣƤһۼףѰ˲ֺ
񻯳ͣȻûƬȴҲһǿƥֻҪСĲǽضһЩλȫЩƾҴֻˡ
һԵǸɴֻ࣬վЦֹһһĽͱ˷磬ƾϱһ죬ȴվû°˺ۡ
һ֮˼ɢȥſЦֻ˶ѡ
ֻϧ⻰˵˸ͷȥʲ˱ΧΧɾҲȻ͵Ӱһ£Ҳʲô飬λɾعǱ߽ҲѾɢԼͬǰľ

̧ͷӣֻǰޱ޼ʵȫǳÿ϶һ޶ɫ⻪ΪĽܣɫ⻪һһ㣬ʱȥͺһͨɫ֮ĳ
⡭ʲô
㾰޲ʧɫȻԳǿƥɫǸȽ̵ӡҶһʱųɫɽȻû˵Ҳ⽣
ʱҲû룬ֻɽȻֲҲûжԸ֮ǰ㾰ȴͷ麹ͣðƾôҲ뵽ǰǿµķɽȻ֮ࡣ
ɾ΢Զ㣬ͨ͸һƳɽıʣǷɽʵɽһ۶ɣ
ⷬƺڸ˴͸¶ȴü˸Ӿš
ǹۣɽŵĹôֲȻ۳ôǿɽ
ĪɽȻˣȴΪ
ɲΪҶܹ۳һÿһôֲķɽԽԽô£΢
ȴãҶҲڳԾ°Դӻ챦һɡɾλҵ֮򽣾ǵһζã뾹Ȼôݣ
Դ޳ɣҶľûʲôʹ򽣾ѰֲҪȴУĶȥҲһޣȴΪʱĻʩչԽ컹״ζһռɱ
ⲻò֪һŷ֣Դ챦ɣԳֱֹ֮һ㣬ԼѾһͷ䣬ڵ任ת̼һͻָ˹
챦ɺ󣬲ûнĻָϵǿĸӱ̬ˣ
ת˼ҶѾ׹ô£һ͸ӲÿˣǱʮһǿģ߽һЩġдƷзɽǡƷֻԿһΣǴһԼƾĻָҲ޷ڶʱڻָ
ȻͲҪٹ࣬һɾ˷ѣʼղݽߡ
֣һֱԼеһĨ練ԼתٱǨʼһЩ̺еһĨɫϢҲҶγЩϵƵء
㱼䣬ҶĲ֪ľһĨϵʱѾ۶ɵɽȻһǳɫ͵һ漴ָƽ
濴ƺûʲô仯ǶɫȴǱò԰ֽǶԽɫ˫ͫ͵һȻϸͫ
ָоã
Ȼòû䣬Ƶȷ˷츲صı仯ɽеҶҲУǾôȴ˵ΨһԿ϶ľǣ򽣾ƺ
ȺɱɵƲ
ͷһɽƵ˺ı㣬৵һµת׼ס˲ԶˣҶҲʲôֻâһ˲ͱһƬϹ⣬ƬնȾɫ
Զɽȥֻؼ䶼Ⱦһɫɽ֮ѩ֮ϣһӰڷѩ֮УƬһ񣺡ҶŵΪǿ˺ö࣡ƣֱأ
֮ƥУʱҲ֮̾ĪɵҶһ֮Ტۣɼһоôֲ
ٻصɽ֮ϣҶһֻ¡¡֮ڶͺľײϵĺɽһҶĹǵɽǺܹмܵסһ֮ƣ֮ʱֱӽǾݶסɽɽ壬ҶһƺǺɽϣʵ϶ݶȥ
ʱҲ˲Լһը֮»񽫾ݶŪˣɽ˵ģǿԼɵȻòȾݶش
ôһҺ֮£ҶֻܿĽ⽣ĴйҴܣһ˫ͫʱȻҲƲһըоǸôˡ
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ͺѩ˸˽Ҷһ򽣾ʵ̫£ЩĪ˵ֻվԶҲһļ¡
߯˹ɫɽǿֲļֱԱ˹׵ĹɫҲһҰףаԭһֱҡ
ЩչزǱĳصʹ˷˳ԼӻԶҶԼǿֲ򽣾һ˼ʦ򽣾ƺָоʲôƺֿɼƫƫȴֺͷ
ü˼һǡһܳһĽйĽನɢһ֮ͻȻ͵żһأܻһ󾪽пæȥΪżУͻƽǰ
ҶƼһĻٲֵøһҪ̭һ󣬲ȴûȥעԵ飬ֻȫעĶһƬϹѤԼ̳С
Ϊನδɢܿɢ˿ȥɽһ̳꣬Ҳɢȥûǽྡྷ谭Ҷ˫ͫҲڿԷӹЧ̳ûȫɢʱͿ˳
ֻһƣɫ͵һ䣬ԶԼߴ͵һ֣кȵȥ
˼⸱òǶֻûбȻھʲô˾Ȼôһ»Ҳ֪㼶սܹκϵĽȥģ𣬱ֹ⻪ԶȥӲҪ߶
ô̳ѾɢٷеʱҲعͷһۣɽһۣɫ޲òҰѿ
Ǳ򽣾ը֮ȻӰȴͻȻðһµĹ
￴һߣȴа˸ͷ˸ͷгȻһϣֻһβͬʱǴ̦ʱһԭΣͷϾȻƮɫơ
£
һͷ͵ſڣһץεҶĲͷĿѣǾöŻ֮
Ѿģһ﾿Ǹʲô
˵ʵ͵Ĺһֻʼ벻Ǹô̫Ͼһ
ǵĿѲһ飬ǹõѪƤԼ˸ƺеԺĴͷȷԼ֪Ǹ
ߣ
û˭ܻشȴ϶ǹеһͷκ󣬾ȻתͷоſѪھȻԣмּʶȻܹϵóҵı
һ͵ڳԼˣҶע⵽˵޶£ȷıˡ
뵽˴ǰһЩǽ˳ˣ
ȲԱҪץ˷һ幦Ķȥ˫Ҳ˺͡
߱ˮκػҲҪһ֮
ϾаУˮΪһȻҪɷ
ͬʱ֮ߣҲȥ鷳ֻҶû뵽ﾹȻ̫Ͼո¡ͷӵո˵󣬷ԼҲС棬Ҳͱȥ
ֻȴҶͷܱϾոȴܱԼոԼⶫ治˵мʤ㡣
ôǰµļͷƸո˯һ˻˶ͷ­Ȼ˿ǰ˵ǸԴ˴˼ƺڽʲôֻһգ۵Ĺ֮⼸ԴһתƮڿеҶġ
ʱɢֲƣͬʱһ첨ɢ֮󣬱ſڵϵľ޴ȻƯǺƸõ˵ĸһѪɫƣϡ
ȵȫƮ˿֮󣬷Ǹ޴ͷ­ٴοڣһǧ˰ǵһұˣӦøең
Ҷ仰Щһͷȥĺľͱĳһһǧ˰갡˵ֻһˣûкͷּҲûкڳֱŮˢBOSS˵Ҳ겻
и˾䣬ȴʮֵСģ۶Ŷ߲ͫʱ任Ѱ㣬Ȼýһɱ
ǴȴȫȻûҶģֻǰͷأ˵ԼĻòܹԳһҪָʹ죡
ֻǻû˵꣬;öͷһۣ˵ͷǱϸߣһ˲䣬⻭Ƴ˶һ
Դԭλãͷǽɫ˫ͫŭһ
ҶļԼһĳȴֻһͷ֮ƤѰ˵ģһֻһЩڼҾǷ˵ˡ
а˸ͷҪа˸ȫ˼ڣǸͷֻǻ֮һԸȫ˯С
հԭ̣󲢷е˼ԼԸ񶼻ɾȥ԰߶ԣɾŬŵĵھŸͷֻͷһɣͷȥ
ʱȥ⸱ɾͽΰҵΪĵõˣ˭Ҳ뵽õ̫Ͼµɾǰɡ
ʱ˸ͷѹ˼ͲͳһˣҶ߶֣Ǳ߰˸ԴҪһȻſʼЭȽ⡮С桯˵
ôһȴָҶĶֵĻᣬһҶҲʲôˣֹֻһʵãȫǸץˣҲƽ˷
˵˸ͷɹʶ׼ʼʱȴȵķԼǸС㾹Ȼųɫ⣬漴һȦȦĳһѶѷɫ⻪ĳ
Ȼ߸ͷûмҶһУϴʹͷĵ׵ΣףжСķһУԼҲܲȥ
˰˸ͷ뷢ʱѩˮǵصҶ˹ȥ֮Ｘɽɽȫ˽ȥҶɫȫڸȥ
ǽ֮һɫⱬҹһһ·ͬʱҶǵ
һйްɣ
ɫ⵱УҶĺڷƮ˫ͫзų߲⣬޷ԶŽ󿪿򽣹һ


155 򽣹һ
һƬɫ
ɫ֮⣬ȻѼԵɫʲôͨͨڣһƬغȻɫװռһһеһжû˴ƬƬɫС
ѩȻ˳ԶɽһȥһƬɫһظȫǣϤɫԼɢϤϢ֮⣬ȻҲκζѩüǶҪΪоҲǲܡ
߯˹˰죬ȴ﾿ʲô飬ֻѯԵѩʲô
ãʦʲôѩ˰ΣʵжϲʲôΨһֵҵľǴƬƬɫϤҴҶĵϢʦֵǸµĹʩչġ
ڸԶĸ߿֮ϣһɫۣһᦣȴһ״£ɫҴҵڸ߿мӶ
ţͻȻԶϹҫ죬ʿɫȻһ䣬˾ʹ罣
ȼƷɵȴֿ˼֣˸ŲǰһƬϹ⣬һռݣ״ʿǡ
Ⱥɫ֮˻ڲͣ²⣬ƬɫеİȴǸʵĸܵһеĿ¡
ֻоؼ䶸Ȼһ䣬ԭεԼˬɽͨͨʧˣȡ֮ľҲ޷͸ɫ
Ŀϡɻϣ
ˣҲеңΪһԻ󷨣ȴ⼸ԼûĴƬɫиоһַĿ־壬Ϊǧ޸Σıܡ
ƬƬɫУоΣգȻָоӺζҪڸϽƬɫ
ǾҪʱȴԼƺǶˣֺûжΪΧĻ仯ŪԼھǸڿлǴڵϣҲԼͷջǴء
ʧȥ˷УŪԼǲǲܶˣڸо˾ţʱ򣬱ͷԼɼĺɫ˲ʧָоͺǱһֺƱ͸ɢһֹĸоð߸е
ھȻûа취߶ľʲô
ڰһͷͲסڴͬʱһֱݺݵĴһµĸоϴعÿһÿһ磬·ûκεطӹƵأͨͨ˱һĸоָоһνһκֹһֱȥ
ʹİҪŤ壬ȴԼѾˣòҽйʹ඼
˫ƺҪ¶־Ŀ⣬һΪ˫۴ĺҪ̴˵ľʹͲҰ۾
ͬڴƬɫеҶȴһˮĸоƬƬɫԼ죬Ƭɫһжᱻ֪ڰʷʹͬʱҶҲԼһоô¡
ʲ֮ʱֻУһͻȻӦʹ¾ͰԼĸоʹһС
˵ԴҶĺһγΪԼڵķƶֻأһΣ򷢳һС
γƺһУҶҲûиͷѾһеıԼԭԺҪǵõָоſʩչȫƾԼʶʩһС
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ֻҪƬɫУǾ͵ڱɽţ޿ӱ޿ɱܣΨһҴĿܾӲһУҲҶĸͲɱ֣
ܹǸ˵򽣴Ҳû˵һնɱͬûдƬɫ֮Ȼһ򽣣׻ع鵽˽ıʣ
˵ʵڵģ֮ĹƨҶԼһͷΣκˣ˾ˣ˵û˵
Զ϶һԼʩչ磬Ҳ޷䴫ڸˣָоͲǿ˵˵׵ģֻ˵һǼҶһѧһЩͱյջ㼯ɵռɱһƬɫУ޵еĴڣȡֻһ֮䣬ֻǰڱĶˣǲܣͿ֪һоôǿˡ
ҪǣҶֻΪ޳ɽɣʩչһƬɫҪΡ
ȻЩ뻹̫磬Ҷ˫ۿΧɫ漴оһʱӦһпʩչ̫ð
û꣬һƬɫĺȻʧ֮ʱһͻأԼ˷ӦظָֻԭģգƮİơɽԼڰ֮ϣ΢΢ͷǸǱӰ
Ѿʧϥ¼ÿһ缡Ѫ˼ѪһչõޣɱľҲǷḻ֮ؼʱ̾Ȼ˱廯ΣȻ޷ӹµĹҲ޷ɫĺѶС˺ҲܵһЩ
ȴҶʲһиûκ壬³ޱȣѡҲǴ󣬱͵ͬʱҲһȫͬʱԳƬףǿǿĿһС
ƬͻĩɽʧϵĺҲͬûӰӣһͷҲǱ̲һƱһмͷƤ¶˳ͬѪһƬ
ðߣԼһ֮¾ȻǱҶĶԼһҲǵ⣬ŵλʱҲ˳ĵɽ˷񣿡
ȻʱѾҶһкĸεѣﻹŵʱҽӻԴѰ˼ȴӦӵ
ģʱĪ˵ղǿµһУҶַųһɽҲӲȻԼ⸱ǿᣬܿסɽҶǷɽҲˣԼӲһ£ҲӲ£
ͷһת͵һȻٴʩչһķȻͼɾԼٴԳΣŻҲ˵ֱӾҶ
ҶļҪֿҲͲٿһֶ̧ɣʳָһ㣬Ҳʲôھ̻裬͵ȥ
ȡһȴ˭Ҳû£ҶľȵȴǣĶӾȻ͵һ٣׵͵ֹסΣȻƬȻ˿ŻһƬĻ
ʱҶΪˣԭһУȻгԾȴҲ£Ҳһֱ̧ӻֻ߱һȴղǰȻֻ
Ҷüͷһ壬漴תȻʱ٣ƬеȻ˻ȥҲûа㷴Ӧ
תȫһ任ģ͵б任󾢷ˣ
һԭҲǿõİ
ȻǼǴȻǺ֢ٻеģڵҶȫʩչ֮ԼĪάּʮǸ״̬ȻȻ̫࣬ĻָٶȴҪֱ½ͬʱһʱҲʩչһˡˣָٶȶȻǵ򽣾Ҳʩչˡ
òɱȴģƣ
һ˦Ҳǵ߱ˣɽųǰôҲùˣɬȴǲʺϽսҶҲûԼϣȻֻϿϷ
ɽڰлɫƥ˸ֱɱԶҶĴʱȻ߱ǻĻ赲ȴܸоڣ˲ӰɱС
ȴԼɽۿžҪɱǰоȻ͵һȣ飡
һƽƴӿ£ƮȻųһ⻪Ȼһ̫ơŵ䵱̫Ʋࡣ
ҶȴоĵƱ䵱ɵ̫ƼֱСˣߣ
һ̽һ⻪ҶɽУǰɵɽ˲ͣôı˹âС
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Զ֪ܵȥʱðĴ޾һǵâ̾һ㶣漴ע⵽˺£ֻһƾͿ˻ѪԼƮڿеʦ
ѩ޾֣㽫򵥵˵ˣѩҲҶģֻǽʲ˵¶ѡ
ϣ޾ܹæϾ޾Ҳɽĸ֣ܰҶģôҶĶȻȻԼʦռϷ磬ͻȻ֮ǰǹһģҿ޾ı飬ͷҲǲС
ԭ޾ܳȥȥˣ˳ҸʲôϡûСȻɽʮ꣬ΧûгϤҲʲôֻȥɢģȴվȻ飬޾ԶԶĸоɽǱԾżææɻġ
һ͸оһֱɽĻɽɢ漴ͿҶں˶֣Ȼ콵̫ͼסҶĵķɽ
Ǵ޾ľˣڻûŪô£Ҷĺ̫Ͼ˳ͻɲð죬һº«ǰȥ
֣
߳ȥϣǱʦҲͷҪʸҶĿ޾ͬʱðһˣ֪ҪøˡˣҲǲ壬鱾ԼռɱͥȥҲЭ
ֻǽʵ̫࣬ʦʹ޾ɣҶǱ߻׼ٴ𼸷־ǱĻסɽӰѾնɱʱֻȻһӵĹ⻪˲תգۼûӰ
һ±ʲҶ޾ʦҲһ㶣еŪ״ֻҶĻ죬ŭһӣ
ֻǸҪȥ׷ǰԼ󾢷ʱȥ׷ҲˣȫĻеķɽ˿
ʦߣҪǷȴǻĻȻһ죬ֻöߺһף漴ɫⱬȻ˲˺Ƭ
죬ʦǰⷬʾĿɿڴԾ¾Ȼ֪Ӧԣָֻ̧ҶģУ㡭㡭㡭ͣȴʲôҲ˵
ʵһ¾ȻɱҶҲͦԾģȴԼǰһ򽣹һͽߴһϢˣͺȻʹһ壬ҲֻΪ֮ûжȻɱ
ʱҲѪΪŷʩչɱ˷͵˷Ҫ޻ɲȴͷףΪȴҲ˲ôˣҶȥɱԼû·Ҳľ߾ϡ
ҶĳҲһղһ¿ˣָʱһʣĳɣ治ʺ϶֡
ǰʿȴǸʲô˼Ҳҷɾ裬ڴ޾ʱǵʿʩһ񣺡ѣĪҪŶ֣Եɡ


156 Ѱùˣ
ʦ˿޾Ҷģŵһ̧ǷųסҶķɽ̫ͼ㼴ɻУȻݵڴ޵ϣкλ
Ҷļ˾ȻĲˣҲЩȣһʱҲ֪Ǳʲô
ǡôʱʦ֪޵ΪˣȻ޵ѿΪͷбԵɣλҽ龭ϸϸͬʦ֮ƶȻ֮ͬùڲˣ
Ҷʱףʦ޾Ľ黹Ĳһ㣬黹˴޾ڲŻˡ
ûд޾˵˴ʱѾƴһˡ
ʦʩһҶ漴ͽϸ˵һ飬ҲûͼӴףֻǽ򵥵ƽֱ˳ɼȱˣ΢еӵ˶ĳ˭Ĺ
ʱʦѾһŭɫųᦵָĲͣȵҶĽ˵꣬ʩһǴ񣺡ȻƶʦҲ뱾ɹܽ޷йأ±ɱȻҶһ
˵תҪȥѰܵ
޾һǳһԭγͷ֮ʱҲ֪ԵɣֻǾλҶŲ֮ˣԲ˵˵Ҳ׼ʲôҶߵĹм䲻ˡ
ȻҶͬʱʦҲΪ֪ͬʦܾҪ̻
ȴ֪ʦ˷͵Լʦܴ˻ΪϾȻǰߣһӣҲ֪޲ô׾ܽ䵼ɵеģ׼ʲôʱǳЩ
ǰԭòһֳɽҲܹƷˣϾǳ¶ˣһ䣡
ƽЧֻҪһԣϾǱʱиӦһҲˣ¶ڶʹ̫Ͼʱֻ֪ΪĳЩԵɣβԳȥոޣ㽫̹ᦺ̫ͼԼͽʦһ⡣
ǰⶣֻС£̫ͼס󣬽ɣ䴳ƾ̹ᦺ̫ͼɱ֮
ǰʦʹ챦ɵֲǰߣһؼʱȣϾԻǰո
ʦû̫һ£ֻΪԼʦָΪʲôԵ¶ڴʲôο˷еĿģʹ´֪Ӧòʲô¡
ȴ뵽֮ŷ֣ȻǴ£ԼǼʱ֣ԼʦȻɥɽŽˡ
ʱֻǱܵҪ־Լʦܣȴû뵽ɾȻô£Ϊ̫ͼסҶķɽûûӰӡ
ʦҲǴΪһ߱ʾȻɽɸһѰ˼ǻضʹʦȻʦԳ֣Լֱ׷ȥ󷨱֮ǶϰѸĵʦŰɱ
Ҫȥô޾ҲضŭΪǣ
Ѿ֪һޣôΪϾȴ޾ҲͲˣϾոޣɵĪĹ£ֻϧԻǰ̣Թˡ
Ҷ룬Ҳǿڵ÷ʦ׼δǰߣ
鱾ɽǰðҲɽɣۻʲôԵȨһ£ʦҲʲôףֱӻصƶѰ˼ʦͷֱǰշ󣬻ǻعʦ˼Գ֣
Ҷ֪ʦȻҲŭȴûܹӮǰߣƵⶵʹ˳滹ɽһҪȶãɴȻˣͲͷʦ֣ǰð˱ɣԻԽ
һ˵ʦֻ˼Ƭ̾͵˵ͷôҲû⣡
µɽծҪծȻ˵㣡ΨһǣŸϾ£ͿϾһҪԳϴ໹ô
ʦеλΪ磬Ȼ˵û⣬Ȼû⣡Ҳ˵ʲôлֻһ֮󣬹ɽɴʱҪˡ
޾һԿͨ͸ȴû˵仰ԼⷬƲǶǴֻǾɽŹȻǳɴ֮ˣᶼְܳյס
һ£˴ϢϾ˭˭ɽ£ŭɽţͱǱӴܣһɽǧ׷ɱʦȴԴӦôϢȺɶô룿
Σɽǿ϶ˣɽҶľһ֮ʵҲȺ֪
ʵϣҶĵȷ⣬ûôԶֻǾ߼Ȼɽ£ȻҪף
ŲȻҪԳ֣
ͬʱҲýһЩ֪ɽҲǺʵ֮˭СɽɣԺɽɰɽԼӦ˵
˸£ȴʦʲôֽ֮ǶһӣƬ̾ʧ
Ҷ֪ǵɽõĴѶֶΣֻʦϾ£õĵȻߵǸһ˦֣ͻᵽϾˣٶȿɲȶɶ
ֻһһ䣬ͼһƬƾð˳ʦӹһ֪ݡǸƷһηһȺɹƳϾҲû˭ôá
ʦ۵ʱ򣬻ҶĵȻǱˣҶҪδöã뱾չЩԨԴҶҪʲôĵطڱǣ
ʦ
˼ôҶҲüһ˫̸˼֮󣬱кʦˮ
ʦԼʦʦҲָʾ֮һʱ䵹ҲżȥˣȴΪǰµģֳ֦ôһȴû졣ʦţ͵ýˣǡʦˣҲͱڱˡ
Σվڵ֮ϣͬʱԶ˴ʱҲ˹ҶĽ˽һ֮һȺ˾ͺƺƵǴȥ
Ȼ·ϻʱǾݶ½ϵ¸Ӧ£֪ݶȻܳȴûܵʲôˣ˱ֽǾݴ²ϡʲߴսݴ󱻳ƣô޾ʦںɽϡ
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˵ʵ֮ǰûɽɵ£ûλɽɳʲôϵ
ǶʹеʱȻɽ֮Ҳ֪ҶĴͥʹȴû̫ϡ
ʱоǿֲԼԼܹӮµİ߱ҶĴıǱӣֿ󣬶ɽɵĹ۸еʱ˷츲صı仯ɽֵýύɣ۶øһ۵СС
޾֮ԣ̾˼򣬺ٺһЦԣֻǹƬ̲ŵһ䣺պԾĶĺأȴԼ֣Ӣϻĵһϡ£ЩҪĳƹ㿪ɽʱҪģˡ
޾һŹЦݣ֪ĵʲôӣȴҲʣֻǿЦҡҡͷ漴Ҷ̸
һ·ߣʱͽ˴еһںòˮϹֱ֮ӷֱ
޾ڿλϣɽֻҶĵӡ߯˹Ҳˣ˿ûʲôֱȥֳȴǲ׼κϡ
ɽϱߵľ⼸˶ǵӣɽλ磬ʱҲʺڵվ¾Ⱥȥ¼λԡ̸졣
๧ά˼䣬Ҷֱӽת⣺Ȼǰߵ齻ɽãôɷ֪ߣ䵽δȥ
ҲֱӾʹ𣺡µǲѲ²⣬ǰ߳һ֮ϣ季ҶҪѰֻȥɣ
Ŷܵĵط䣿
ҶŲصǣڶдϺõĳѨ˷ҶشȻȥˣջָʵ
ôһ˵ҶľˣԭǳѨһˮأԸĽáطôѰң鼱֮ҲµҴܣȻȱϤ֮ػָһȻı
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾףȻѾ֪ǰߵȥԼҲͲżˣ׼Ȼָһõռܹٴζ˲źóǴһλɱָûûˡ
ȴʦֵҶŵǴҲ巽λѰص
Ŷǵطͥ٣ҶĻû뵽Ƕ孾ȻͥϽ֮ڣ
ЦǶһȻҲһЩ飬ǧǰѾͥʾԸͥͳΣҲǶɽأ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾˡͿˣɽһʵ䵱һҾͿˣСؽ̲ǶȻҲˡ
ͬʱǶ孱ҲĶԹҶŴ˷ǰǰȥѰңЩԻȥѰҶţ
һ˵꣬ҶѾǸط˸˽⣬򵥵ǣԼϼҲô˴ҶɱȥõߺѣЩߵھվԼߣԼҳǱ˵ڱǼһͱӡ
쵽ϣɵ湻ߵģ
ǴĪӲʹôҲǸǵģôңĶ˴
ΪҲȷҵġ
˵һǰߵ飬Ҷ漴ʦ̸Ե飬ǡʦмϣ鵹ҲеС鷳ǡҶҲĵͷߣ㿪ʵҶŶͬɷ˽⣿
⡭Ҷһģɽɳն̣ƽﲻ߶ԶΧʲôͬ治˽⣬ϤĻǴˣ⻹Ϊ˼Ҹݷù
һԵĴ޾ҶĽΧĪҪѰˣ
޾ӻʦͽǰѰһ˵ģȴǳ˻£ȴûɣʲʦѶ˱ҪƶѰˣ
Ŷ޾һ㶣һˣ
һ˵ܺʦƵϹ˵Ķɽŵû˵еһס޾û¾ϲĴ߶⸽»Ǳ˸ģ֪һλ
һЦһ˵תѰԲҶûʲô
һǹת޾һ¾ͻȻˣĻ˵ͨˣһλٺֻתǡþʦѰá
Ļʲô
ʦ˵ͷʦԣλȻͻȻʲòֻתǱϾһΪף֮ǰʹ˼ֶΣתٴΣֻһֻ֣ҪѰ֮ͬˣԷ̽һͿ֪ǲλתˣ
ҶĴʱҲ˵ͷĻô鵹Ǻð࣬Ͼֺʲô֪Ŀ̫࣬˾䣺˽ʲô֣
һʣҲûѰ˼ʵԼʶ֮ˣȴʦ˵һ㵲ѵ֡


157 
ǹȻ֪Ѿת˼ΣȴıģʦһҶЩԼĭǺ

Ҷ㷴ӦʦҲʶʲôĵŶĪҶʶ
Ҷôʣֻ¼֮ɴĪڴˣΪôҲ޷ʦĹϵһ
޾ȴûôӦͻȻʲôƵأĪǵ֮һλ
ʦͷ޾Ӿȣԭֻλֻͬͬգ뾹Ȼλתǡ˾ȣ
޾ô˵Ҷ֪λ«Ҳ֪ǰݣԽ棬žǺתƺͷС
֪λ˾ǡ
仰ΪҶѯʦλ˵ݣҲΪѯ˵ĹϵʦʱҲûЦŵλ˵޵֮ʱʦָ㣬ҲƶͬţȻУǶʹǾ߶ģ
Ҷһ֪ͷҲ൱֮ȴõʲôֶ򣬾Ȼתˣ
Ҷĸǣôת޻ת˾ݶȥѵ;ݶʲôǣ
ԽԽ࣬ҲͲȥ룬̸ֻŴ£ֻҪѰǰ䣬Ȼ֪һˡ
ҶƵǣλʦǰָǰ䣬ôǱԸ񣬽ǶһЩ䣬˿ǰ㡭˵ױǰռȫȫıʦĹˣ
ͬʱλǰ˭
̸һʦѾ֪λתʵɽԱѩ֮ϣ֪֮鷴ôżˣ޾ɣͬʱҶ̸һ̸Ӱ˵飬ҲǶ֮صķ黹һЩȽȤ顣
б硭Ƕ孱¶ߵĳͻն԰ߺ֮֮İԣȻ¶ɶЩС˼ȵȡ
ҶȻƲ⣬ȴһһУһֱ˵֮Ҷѯʵ֪ʦҪʳ
ⷬʵĿеĪǶɽе˵ȴк֮
ҶĳʱҲǺӦ˺һϰߣΪ˴඼ѾٹȣοʦȣԲҲһƳԲ˶ΪҶҲΪڶӱֽűְʱԷϰߡ
ȴ֪ڶʹо޵ʦûϰߣһչûһλгԷϰԼȴкԵɽ˼ңҪûϰߣԼܲõ뿪ȥԶɣ
һѯֻ֮ʦ˿Ѿĵ⣬ȻЦŵط飬ƶȻٹǧ꣬ƽҲûд˺ã˵ʱ䣬Դ޾£ͼݵһ⣬ȥѰǹ˰ɣ
ôҶĶû뵽˾ȻǸӣϵȥˣͲܵ
ʦЦսչǺõģһһնҵ˵Ҳûʲô԰ҲνϾֲҪʲôƵգ
Ҷİ죬⻰˵ûҲȻˣҲһͬǰɣ
ȥһȥʮ꣬ҲкһˣѰ˼ճʱȥûϵȻжôһȥһˣΪ׼Ժͼλˡָ֪ǰɽɻ
ԼĵӺʦ˵ɽɽѾֱΪ˵ӣɽɽؽλƾһˣȻҪΪɽɵʦ
ϾɽȻվãȴɵɣͷµɣΪʦҲûʲô
ϹͣΪԼ˴·λ˸ʹֶδɽŷɳݴ²ֻ֮ŲܳɽʦƶתһȦ֮ҲǶɽ⻤ɽ޲ڣԳƼԼҲƲֻѡȥ
ɽתһƬƣֱȺװһƬżƣǾݶԭɽһƬȺɽһȣҲҪ࣬ܿطҲûɡ
ȻɽɹҲһԭ򣬱Ͼɽеɽ廹ǲٵģҵĻõҲѰֻףԼʵޣɽ޸ɽɣŻûѾˡ
ͬʱƬؽûбɣҲʹɽɴݵĶȹڵѽ׶ΣܣƺûѡĵطıҪˣ
ϹתһָȺеһɽϣ
ҶһƣϹָɽ岢һҪͱһһǾ߷岻ǺԶ߶Ҳͱȸյɽ΢ôһˣĻѩȻ٣¶Ȳ䵽мܵĵز
ǿǵӵԵɣûѡ̫ŵסѡ񣬹λɽѾĸ߷ˣֻΪгɾҪᵽȥ
Ϲһ½⣬ͷ˿ƶƮں«ϻλҶľλδյĹ˵㣿
վѩϣëƤµ֮󣬾Ͳȥλλ˴к
ʱȻָԼ׳ʱģͦεվȺ֮Ҳɣ𵱳ھݶֻǴžװģʱҲ֪˭Ӱ죬һëƤ£վڷһڵƵأȻҶľеŤǸͷȷס
Ҷţ
ҶıȭʩͦҶôϵҶȻżе㲻ŵһ˵ȴôû׵飬Ҫ֮£
ҶĶ˵Ҫ£ѰʱҲûʲôɣһʱ֮ǲ²ҶĵˣָֻԶľݣȲɣ
Ҷĺλ޾ѾʶԵҲضλȴȻʲô⣬ҲûֲɵܱҶĴȻʲôС䣬ɽɴ֮Ҫʱ˱ֵҲΪ顣
ֻϧƺͲƺȻ鹻ˣûȥǼ˹İ
λΪʦĵƺ⣬һµĴԼһƣĪԼģɽ˭ʶǺˣ
˴˺һҶŶʹ˸ɫ漴һ֣ͽԼӻȥϢˡҲ֪Ҫ̸ĻⲻԼҪģԺܸɴľ˳ȥ
ʱҶĻѩΪǽĿ죬ӣҪͻ˰ɣ
Цһ㣬Ϊڿ죬Ȼʱ˵㣬޳ɵҲⷬƺǫ飬ԳǼֵ
㣬Ҳʮ꣬⶯ͼټǧɽУʮҾҪͻƵΪνˣҲΪ⣡
ȻҶ֪ɽɹԵɣܹҵõĵɸеˡ
˴Ц̸һ󣬹ѾԶˣҶĲŵǰ߶ţʵλʦҪѰţ顭λ˵ɣ
˺ѵʱһֱԱ߿ţʱҶô˵֪Լˣһ˵ȴЩ飬ѯϵ飬Ƿʲô⣿
Ȼв⣬ʦ˵һƺӦҲûʣ㽫ԼһЩһһ˳ʦҲ˿˽ʣȫϸشһ飬ʣڴէһȥʦͽ֮ڴҵ
Ҷһ࣬Ҳв洦ȻöˣǺܶණǰֻȴνĻͽʱЩ⣬ʦһ⣬׸δڵˡ
һֱ˵ʱ֣Ŀ˼˺һʦȭ񣺡Ѵ֮պб𣡡
ʦЦԶһֻǵʩŵұͬţ˴˴ʲô
⣬½£ʣ֮ʹֶλȥסһʶֻҪתޣȴ뾭ѿ֮һĨʶûǻԵɺػɽ磬ʦҲѰ֮ˣ
Īȴо֮£Ҳҳϣֻԭţ
ʦ⣬ȴֻͣǾֱ˵ŻҺʶд棬ʦһŽ𵤣ֻҪ̷ȥôͿԾһΪȻָܾǰļ䣬Ҫ޻Ҳ£
˵ձ㽫һһŷŲý⣬һӳյĽӲһƬĵҩʦ֮С
˵һܰ㣬Ҷֻһķ֮һԴ˼֣ǰһսȻûʲô˺ȴҲмƣʱȻ˲˴룬ɼ˽𵤶ô档
ǿŽĬȻʱҲµʲôˣϾܴ
ŵģʦƺԼǰкܴĽ飬仰ƺͬʦֵܣѰԼҪԼָǰ䣡
ĻǲҪԼعʦţҲ˵ԼԼ𣿻᲻һˣ
㿼Ժһȴûа㶯۾ǽ𵤣ȴŸԶĵطƵأͺҪδһ
ҶҲ˵ʲô˵ȷÿڣֻﾲξ
ʦҲԣֻŽȻЦеⳡһʱôúƶһļ˾Ȼ˭ҲֻǿŽ𵤲ͣɢŲý⣬⻪ת¾ͺŲСҩתһ
ԼĪһյĹ˿ڣҩһ𣿡
ҡҡͷʦȭѺ⣬ˣֻǴ˵ȴǲ׼µģ
⻰һ͵ܾܹԼǰͬʱƽ׵ḻɾ飬ʱɾλĻᡣ
ⷬҶ΢΢һЦ·ӦƵء⣬ҲǸλʲôôԼˣο˵֮𣿾豭һڣⱭвˮͱȴҲȵĽζ
̫Ϊ˺ôԼˣһԼʶҲе㡮ûˡ㽾뷨
޾ҲǰаԼջܰѳֵסȥڵԼܣλãԼ㴦ǹǺ
ҪûҪΪûΪҪԴûԴҪûûʦָ㣬һжǰ
ֻҪŽ𵤣Ǿ͵һжˣ
ʦ̫ϾȻܲλֻϾһ𵤾ΪǵתѰǰͿ֪һ
ԴǶϾ˵ֱǶĿԺԲˣ
Ϊ˵ˣʦͷԼҪõԴΪⶫеģοǵҩָܻռ䣬ǷḻûһһǿΪ
ˣջɽа˳˷ƫƫȴ˳еһ
̾ţֻʦЦתֻؼΣȴǿ࣡˵һǵҩ;ֱɵǰһѽסصģ𵤣Ҳǵѣ䲻λͬʦܣ


158 ԭˣ
ʦ˻һһ˶ˣֻλʹһЦеģʼտƣɾޣ뾭ֻأֲȱΪҪȵɾ͸࣡
һ⣬ʦԼⷬ˵еûͷûԣЦЦҲֻͣʾҩһ
Ž𵤣ɻȴҲǺ棺ⵤҩһң
Ȼʦ˵ͷʵѰ㣬㲻ˣֻǵʱתǰѾشֻǿһʶתһʶҲĥɾ˼𵤻ָ䣬Ҳ㣬޷ָΪǰ㣡
Ҳ⣬õǰҪڵǿĶ࣬˸ôڵ̲Ǻ飡
ͺͰ߯˹Ҷһð߯˹һξͼ䣬䱾Ը̫Ӱ죡
ڵǣǴ˸ʶڱٱĵزڵԴõ״̬£Щ;飬ֻһֶӰ쵽Ը񡪡еתˡ
Ľͣŷ̧һӣɴľͽǵҩ̷ȥҲˣԼҩλҲߣο˵ҩԼûʲôҲͳˣ
ڳ֮ó˴˵ܸıԼʲôɻᰴԼ뷨¡
Ҫ˵ɽеһܱ̫Ͼǿһӣ͸оһȫůĺòͬʱԺֳһζεĻ棬ʱ϶ȴԼͺһΣֻһȴǵһ
ȵٻعȻʱҶĺʹ޾ԼǸ˶ԭ
ƣֶǵ˵ѣ
ƺһ漴Ȼָ䣬ûбλͬţֻƺΪѶʦ־Ϳɵ֪
ʦЦŵ˵ͷһҲȴһ׮£ѿɽ֮¾
ʱҶȻ֪ǰȻ϶֮׵Ҷֻ֮ȴ
ΪεҲɵĴ˵£ֱ߰δҲУȴǰǺˣΪɾ͵½߶Żഫ˵
һγ飬Ҳˣ
һγʱڵһ磡ʱɽһΪķħͷ϶ɵͥԼϾֽ֮ħͷ
һսǻڵأħͷʩչĴܣеɺԼӻУ漴شԼɹãϾԼæλҲٲ³
ʱϾִ׷ɱħħͷƣ˸ˣֻʹϾһһ
ɼˣҲԳѱѰ˼ƤתޣԺɽ˵Եġ
ƫƫʱӵ˵򣬶ʱĵ粻ȵ꣬ΪȻƵĳڣǳޣһ֮ں޵ɾȥɽ硣
ѣ֮֮Ѱ٣ҪӺñ֤Լתһ֮
һѰѰһ챦ҲǾݶ
ҲɣϾй۹Ȼһ֮¾Ƴ챦ݶ֪˱á
֮ûշ˱뵽ⱦԼʲôá˱пݻأҾ£ǧв֪£˶ȻԼֱӳɾɣΪ֮ȴǺʲ
ԼʶͶ뱦֮УǶתΪˣȻſԽŶԼ߹һȳǵ֮صѰ
ʱҲ˼˼ԼʶһֽţֻҪתԼܹ޳ɵ֮Ӵ˶гָܻԼԭļ䣬ʱ顢ʶʲôڣΪ˵㡣
ֻҪָܹʱݶôûбķҲƾ˶Ϊĥȥ֮ѾΪԼıһУ
ڣڶԼ˰ţ񹦾ڲ鿴˶Լ׼仰˵ڶתɽɵĴʼˣ
˴֮ʱҶƵô˵ɽɵĴʼҲ
Цҡͷг˵ʡ漴ֽ½һ¡
ԭתȷǽҲȷõ񹦣Դ˾մ
ƫƫûüɽ߶ȴϵʱ»ʵǻǡ»ʵҲһ֣Ϊ˱µۻ䣬¼ֻø
ʱҲֻðԼָˡôһģҲǲӰ쵽ʲô֮λɽʦ˺ΪԼŵ˾ݱ֮С

ҶĲ˲亹һ޳û뵽ôһ۵ıʣЩǰ֮׵ɢ
ͬʱҶҲ浱ʱԼЩԵһ֮²ã֮⣬ǷҲݶģѰ˼ԼתޣͿô˹תʡǷһĹʲô⣬Ȼ˲ôˣֻҪܻصɽ磬תһҲ޴󰭣ʱͬŵѻţ鷴򵥵Ķࡣ
ȴżĺܣֻʹֶΣʵڲѰ˼ô˹һŮԼͬޡֻ߲㣬Ƴ⹦ֻ߲ĻͲʲô޷صֱ仯
Ҷһһ߰꣬뵽Ķ뵽ˣͬʱҲ͵͵ıӣѾҲʲôˣ㷨Ӷĳȴ֪㾳˵ЩСڶǸơ
ͬʱɽҲѡõɽȪеöǸֵĻӦû֮ǰѰͻһأ
ɾΪһһĸԵλɽʦ㼴ȥûܵȵǺ죬ʹǺճ֮˺⻷ͣ
Ҷ˴ֵĵĻתΪҲûѰǺ
ЦʱǰѾǱ֮޷ӰĵôԶʶתһӡǱһ֣ӡһЩµĸԵϵҲ͵һ֣úֻǿס䣬޷Ӱʲôˡ
ʦҲû뵽ԭ㵽ȥתѹʦڲѳ֮ȴٰѰţԭɣ
ٺͲҪԣתְɽ£󻹳ɽţҲǲִʹַչģҪˣҲ޷ܹͻƾݶ뱦ɽ磬ǶҶһ
뵽˴ҲǱȭҶĵĳҶźô飡
һЩµ˵ʦʦ֪ܹǾݶȫҶĵԵʣҲʩһҶĳл
ȴֵҶĺһΡԭԼһ̵ֱľݶͱ˴ϼǺˣҪǲӦģ
վֱӾ̹ԣɼǾݶԵǱҶкôԵ֣һ仰ҲǶ˽ۣҶǾݶȨ
˵ǰҲԼǰ϶֮£ԼʲôӰ죬ǰһļȻõȴûӰ쵽Ըǰ˵Ľһãȫûио
ʦڵǴ˺һֱǱ޾˴ȻǰˣȨܿǽĲˣֻǻչ⣬տȥ̽һ
ʲôûˣ⻰㵽Ҳǣ˼޷ǾЩ꣬ӿ⼸ȥû˼ҲͲȥˣ⻰չ鲻ôûҪ˵̫ϸ
ȥĿǰȻҪԡ
˵ͷҲ˵ȥǲȥҲûиƣʦ̸£ҲͲ˵ȥ̸Ե飬żһЩͬĻ
ʱͿĳȷûЩ̫Ӱ죬ʦﻰһЩʾ֮ͨͨûع鶵ʹ뷨
˵һ׵̹ԣȻǷݼ䣬ĳվǰ֮ףĳԣǸϣܹɽ֮йɽɣ
ʵⴴʦˣɽʦҲǰԼΪɽʦҲ˵ʲô
˵ϣʦҲ֪ȻѰ˹ˣѰصȴѾǵλΪɴҲΪۣҲǹ˸еġ
վʩһʦȻˣƶҲͲٴˣ⣬ʱɵʹѰң
Ҳ񣺡Եȥʹݷõлô˵εȷ̫Ͼĺô𵤳ʱʲôЧָֻǰ䣬ȴоЧҩʼûȫ²Ҳֹͣ˵һŵҩɽдᡣ
Ҳǲ֮ˣȻ˼ΪѰѣ˱˵վԼοһϵľöԼֻ̳ݴֵʹлˡ
кϣʦתͷֶҶĵҶŵǾݶ֮£ƶʦ˶ϲƶֻƬֻҶҪǵãʿӶгͥһˣȴͥĹأٻΪã
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲǻһ񣺡лѣ
˵˻ʦ̧һһȻ⣬漴³ֶƣŸУʹ˲ƶˣ˵ǹɴ䣬һ̧žߣҲ¡
Ҷļˣֻعͷƺ飬֪һﾭı̫࣬ȻǺ£Ҳһʱ̾˵ģ˾䣺ϢɣҲʹȥˣʲô飬ɵɽѰң
˵ͷ޾˱﷢ҲѰ˼Լ·Ӧߡ
Ҷ޾ľݣкϹһɽ·ϴ޾ԭǴԾݶΪʩųģѹҡͷ̾һҲǵģĳȻеû˵һҲ˵ģ
֪ҶĲ̫֪飬޾ҲҶĳһŶ裬ο黹¹ɽɴܣû˭Ը⽫´½֪
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲû˵ʲôֻǸпһ䣺û뵽ŵľ棡˵ȻԼһת֮£˵һľ
Ƭ̣ҶͻȻƵȴ֪ɱ˺ӡɺͣش˰λȵת޵Ǹħͷˣ
޾㶣漴üͷѰ˼˺һŵ鵱ƺţȴǱϾԳָʰ˰ɣ
룬Ҳôһˣʵ벻ʲôܣϾҲϾ£˴תޣ̫ϾûɷŹһ
صɽҶĻתԺϸ˵˼Ů߯˹ֻˣʶŮ뾹Ȼôһ۱ʣ
һ˵գµкδ𣿡
ȻϢһȻȥѰͷĻֻҶһ˵֮ѩȴĪҪ˷ȥһȥģȴˣ


159 ֣Ӣ³ɹ
ѩô˵ҶΣԳʹȴŮ˻λʦ÷ǳĲ̧ͷ۰߯˹ְ߯˹ҲһĶԼðɣλŮҲܿأԼҪٴŮ˻λͻὫ򽣾ԼȺ֮ŭԼԴˡ
ģγȥֻΪ˳ǰߣᡭˣ
ЦЦΣֻЦһȴʦһŵģ첻͵Цʲô߯˹ûЦǸҲʵĻŵĺܡ
Ųǿͬȥ
ɽҲûʲôҪ֮£뿪һҲûʲô⣬⻰һڣ⼸˺˰һȻ˾һ֮󰢶߯˹˿ڣҺһȥ

ٿ⼸Ů˴ʲộҶǰ׻ˣ⼸ŮԼΨһľǰ߯˹ʲôʱʦýͬˣ
ϸһȴҲ֣⼸ŮվͬһϵģԴɺϵҲȫǲܡ
ֻѩҺͻµҪͷҲγȥܳҪؿ
ѩǬʼһΣɼȱⷬ޿ҲҪǬȫˡ
ֻҪһɣ޼磬ɳɾɡ޵ǸΣյһͨһЩ⣬˲ʼʽϰǬ޼ֻҪСгɾͣɡ
ʱɽϾʵҲ̫ˣԱϴ´࣡
ѩͻҲȺͻɾΰҵôɽɽҲһϯ֮ءȻɽɻǸ޸ԵĵƽҲô߶󲿷ʱ򶼲ʲôʱ֮ĶҲһЩһǿɻߴɳĵܻԼһȣߵʱҲ洦ҶȻҲϣԼҵҲܵ
ԣɽɵʵȻ²統УǸȻԽԽãҶʦúͻ¶ҪͷҲʱԭȷҪŮȥתתģϾɽҲʮ꣬ԼŮȴǾ࣬ҲҪһ뷨
ѩƳҶ룬ѵõסҶĵ˫֣ʦֲصǣѾΪгɣãҲһʱ̣ΪٽһԺеʱһ𣡡
ҶҲ˵ͷȴ˷ٴһ
ƻºѩ˵˵ЩԻȥϢˣΪҶҪָƣȻʺκһŮһŮҲû飬ҶĸǸɴ࣬أֻԺУƷʵ˹ָ״̬
һôĹȥڶһ磬ѩ˿ԭҶģ߹ȥ£ҶҲԼ֪йϣֵʦּȻѾа˹Ļ﷢
Ҷȴҡҡͷɽϵ£
뿪ɽʮ꣬ûгʲô£ȫһаãǰ߶սһɽȻǱȻ֮£ʱԼɽߣɽƿǺã
ҺõͻڼǲʲôʱʦܲͻƳɹԼ˰ͻɣԼܲܵͰȻȥѰǰߵĻɣ
Ѱ˼䣬ȴĲ˸߲ҵ˽ϣʦ˰
ѹû˯Ҷû뵽;Ȼ˹ȵĵ㲻Ǳչͻȥôܳˣ
մս֮ʱȻֻǳƬ漴ʧܹǽ˿ˣѩͿߴս֮ƺ򣬹۳Ҫͻƣ֪ʦܵʱҲȷһ䣺ֱ̫ˣҲͻƣ
벻ףӦôôɵĴת
ȴЦŵȻͻƳɹˣ

ҶգգۣȻ˿ͣȷ˾䣺ɶ
ҶĶ棬ЦŵռʦǹһսŶʱⶼͨ͸ȥһҹ賿ʱڳɹͻˣѾʼϰǬ޼ͬʱɾˣ
˸Ҷοȷȷûˣʦľôɣײе𣿡
ͺǺЦţ¶һŲҵĴǷ顣
Ҷס˵ĳ嶯ͻȻʲôƵʵˣز˫ͬ޵ķɾ֮λأȴǣĪһͬͻˣɽһ¾Ͷλɼĸ֣
ȴɫһ죬ɫεĵе̫ңе㲻ܣ
ҶһԴˮƵĽ˾䣺ʲôܡ˵һͻȻһŹֵĿͣʵΪİ㾳磿
йĻ֮Ҷĵ˼Ȼ˵˳ȵҶʣһſĺͺƨƵأģǼΪټ˰ŵȻûɣǲֻΪֻҪһȻ±ɳɾˣֻʱȴҪúñչһˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲǺˡֻǿ˿һģҶЦŵ´ĪҪôˡһСŮģÿһµȥ֣Ҷĸһ䣺أȻͲ̸⡣
Ż¸˶˲ˮͺһںָ˹ʵʦǷҪȥˣ
Ŷͽ޳ɳأȻܵӦò֪ԼҪ׷ɱߵɣ
ȴ˵ǹûʦɱˣʦֵ·񣬶Ȼʹ˰ݵİɣ
ҶҲʶã˴˼ҲΪ˽⣬֪ԼʦҪô֣ҪôֱӰҲӣǰֵ߽ôԼʦֿ϶ŹǼһġ
Ҷ˿ڲˮЦŵձ㼴ɽһιҪ뿪һɽҪӦˣ
Ҳ˽ҪͷͻҪԱ߻ţʦǲ뿪ɽĴܵģɽϣҶҲͷ࣡
οɽͥԶʵڲл̣ǶҲְϵæλ֣ɽвӵģһ鶼ӭж⡪οɽϻһλ«ɴ޾
£ɽȷûʲôˣҶҲרĵȻÿĴתһתԼҵӵżȥɽһۣǶڵСɽ֮ԽңȴԽԽģƺҪˣǲγֱӽǷ˻˵ֻ˵ڰ˲㣿
ҲʹϧԴӿʼչ֮Ͳ˭Ҳʲô磬ֻܵ书֪֮ܵ
ֹ˼գصŵ˳ϣӴزɽɵʽӣһԭҶļӵļҲȺţϾЩҲǸҶãûؿţȴܡ
ȻȻţȴɽĵеС׺Ϳ˹Ҷĵӣ֣Ӣ»ҲУӱСһȴȽȤѩĵˣʵѩ̵ƽﻹҶָС
ҲһڴҾ˭ĵӶνԺݻңϱչ鶼ɽˡ
߶ͬСҲһŽɽĵȥԺ鷳һ⡣
һ֮شԼŮתһȦͱʾҪѩԭȥԼļ԰ˡ
ҶҲûţȴ֣ӢһˣҪȥǰ¶нһЩҪġʩϵ֣ӢȻƴǣ˳㻹˼ɽӵ֡
ֻôһȺˣǰ֮ƺеͷۣ֣ӢЦһ󣬽ԼһĶ˳
ҶĿһͨ崿ڵġֱ
⡭ҶĿ֣Ӣһ˷ܵģͻȻֱɣɵĲ죿
֣ӢȴҡҡͷʦĪҪֻ½ֱۣǬģ
ɶǬܲƨϰʽƽɣҶתһȦֱֱͨͨʵڿʲôر֮
Լһ仰֣֮ӢȴȵԭʦҲǲӾ簡
ҶĻû׹仰ʲô˼֣Ӣָܺɫֱ
ڣ¡صΪܣɽƼԺƳɹɷԼеƼϵĵһз㣡
˵Żͬʱ֣ӢתȦվһȺ˽ţֻһֱͨƬҶɫᡢϸֱʵֱԭ;Ǳ222ֱǿԺԣ̨ŻֻͺǸʱһģ
ϲ˵һѣҶͷͣ˵ص㣡
Ŷ֣Ӣʼ򣬸ɴĽõĻ˵˳ʽƷѾֻҪ˼ԷȻȷû󣬾Ϳʽ͵Ļˣ
ˣָǼܺɫֱ˵˾䣺˼ǣʵƷģ
֣ӢЦЦõģɻϱǵΪҲ飡
˸оϲ˺ߣ˶аԷģԺûҪļһԶһ㣡
маǰôû˻ǸѧˣĪǵɽ֮Ǳصһˣ
˸˼֣ӢЩ죬ڿ״̬֣Ӣ˿ûǼԼĽ⣺װõĲǴͳĹҵƷƵЧתʹֱ߱еĹܣͬʱ֮⣬䱸ƽװãʹֱٶȿԱɻ
˵ʱ¶һɫǴǰоһоĳɹֻ޷ȷʵʹʱЧȰװܷвԣɹôͿɻˣ
ͬʱܷ滹䱸
Χⶫתܹôһ翴֡ϺܹҵĶǾ棬ͬʱԼʦҲԽ
֣Ӣ˵ͷûɲһòƷװֱһ˵ţһ߻Ž⣺һͦͬÿһٶȳʮӶҪȴ׷֮⣬䱸ſʩŽҷⶫɲ򵥣ֻǽܣͷųʦһĳȻֻôһͰˣһۺ϶֮ǲϺܶ࣡
ҶˣνķţǸҵƷ֮⣬˴ȻԼĴŷҲԭ뷨ˣΨһľǣôʹⶫҪķѹ𣿡
֣ӢЦҺʹǰŬоúֵýоɹˣǾǳһʼʱҪķһ㼫ΪСĹ֮⣬ҲҪʹߵİ㹦ˣȫƾڲ󷨽ѭͿ󲿷ֹܵҪ󣡡
ŶȻҪǿЩĹǿټһЩҺʹǰ޳ô
ŶΪʲô
šΪᱬ
û˵꣬һֲ촫žһȵľ紵֣Ӣһתͷͷһͷڰ׼ӵľվһѷ֮ϣоһľƣô˵
ԱŰӢĴָʾɵĺã


160 ţ
գؼǳųˣȻӢ滵һܣ֣ӢĻ˵ǣȻٲûʲôʣΪ˱һܻٵиͺԵĻᶼûˣһܣ
ٵһܣļܣȡһܺͽ⼸˶װɫһﵱУԽתԽԼǽߵֱҶͻȻóȥӦüǮɣ
֣Ӣʹ޾ⶫûʹƣһ˵ġΪɽд˵ķʹкܶҪʲô˶еġ
ɽܷȴûôƣֻҪѧβݡһܹɵʿ˵ѣǿں̵ܶʱｫЩͨͨѧᣬȻ½ֻǲɶǵʿ΢ĹС
Щһ㹦ûеģҲа취
޾ȡһеԿ׵ССһǿԴʻ߶ķƷôǸͨˣҲ÷ȥֻֻܷӳЩˣ
Ҷ˵㲻⣬עҲըڽ֮ǰǷҲֻܷӳ䱸ķıܱǿ
ңҶֻһͨߣԲƴɱĺö⣬ֻҪܸٵ߱ɽ
ǸԿסС⣬ҶĽʶһ̽㷢ǸƷһԿסʮȻС㱨ˣҲ˵ȻǸǿͨʹãԿ׵ҲЩͨԳˡ
ֻڲȫɼҷ󣬸ͲҪʲôģôĵĶҲ
ȻֱӰѷǶĳɡԿסϾɽԿԿס׬ȡԴôĻܶԿڱ𣬱ͷϾɽзҩľǿڱڱˣѷҶĶĺܣûҪ˷˼
޾˼䣬֪֣Ӣܷ㣬ʼVFϵսˣ
VFϵҲ벻Ǹʲô⣿һԵŵɵ˰Ҳûʲô
ֱһһ䣺̫ձݡѾͷʼһͷˮ̾һ䣺
ײҲνҶͿˣǿɱʽսֻһܣΪ֣Ӣƣ滹ҪϡATһ֣ɼҷʱûаơ
սϲսսûǸ֮ǰֻǸܣܽ졣
ҶĿ˿Ѿ˵Ļܺ󣬵ǶͦȤĵϳɳʹȻЩɻ֮ĶȻرй̤ɵ֮ͰЩƲˣû뵽֣ӢȻĵ˳
ˣСӲỹ׼Żֵʲôİɣ
վһޱĻ˾䣺˵ֵʲôĲ׼죬װǿԿǿǣ׼ɽһһף
ⶫҶĿɾȫ˽ˣǾͺһϲĶֻһͷˮԽ⣬˰ŪסԭƸߴ͵Ļеսף
ٻ˵ʥ²ĿףֻϸӿƼһЩˣ
ԭ
뷨ҶĲÿɷɽڶʼҪҪƽʥȻóȥˣ⡮װ֮Ķȫǿп޵ģ֣ӢԼȤԼһ״Ҳˡ
һԵŵȤҲֵʲô֪Ѿͷô֪Ļ׵ģȻ²ıʾԤһף
޾ֽ֣ӢһƷչ˳׿ɵģֻƺеǶķ񣡡
޾֪֣ӢĺܶණǴҶõͼֻΪⶫ֣ӢԼƵģϴļʶ㣬Ȼϵó׷
ҶɫĿףЦŵţȷǱߵķҪȥ季ǡýⶫϣ˵׼õ
޾˵ͷ漴뿪ȥԼˡ֣ӢһҪҲˣҲæһͿԻȥؼɽˡ
ʮ޾Ҳ֣Ӣ֪ʶȻ˺ܶ뷨ȥǿԾһˣҲ԰ʲô̫ձ
ɫĿսָУⱴɪ֮ĽѾȫƽ⿪ҶָԴƷãֱڤϵҶ껹á
ֻϧڵҶ˵ЩöǴʵã֪Щܻ˷һ
޷Ǿװĵطִ࣡
Ӵ޾뿪ҶĿ۸ƨɺŵǲĵ⼸㶼ܵȥˣ
ŵٺһЦȥǸţϧ㵽
˺ôڹŶĸذɣҶҲû̫⣬ɽ棬Ҳʲô顣
ŵɽת˺ôһȦȥɽƣŹɾְصǴȪʮʲô鶼ûзҲ뿪Ȱ벽
ΪûԵѾͻƵ˵ɾ磬ɽ¾Ȼûһ֪ʲôʱͻƵģҶĽѪƣҲ֪
ֻǡ
ιʲָò
Źɰ׷롢ҲƵĲģҶĵͦһѵָഺ
ŹȴĺܿˣòҲã
ҶƶǶĵ˵ͷҲû˵ˣ˼Լ飬£
Ź⸱ģ˼ͷɽɵĳأ⸱ģƺһЩɵģӴЩпܴӶзˣҲʡ
Ź˵ɣʵϾͲҪˣǽɸҲͲҪӣֻ¼˹Źǲ㹻ˣǶгǸոͻƵɵĳ̶ȣֻҪ̫̬ģŹӦӦˡ
˵һ󻰣ҶǾȻѹֵСӣԭ㵽˴˴ҶĵҲû˵ʲôֻǸúбǣɽ˶ƤòļԳªò޵֮
⻰ҲںԣҲеʵģþǰԭòǰªΪһЩǸģǸòųɾ϶֮׵
ĻãȻĵ˵ͷҲѰ˼Լǲִ̫òˣ
ҶĿû˵Ҿ⸱ͦʵģ֮Ļִ̼ˡ
˵һ󻰣ҶҲ뿪⴦ȣͨʲôһһˣСӳ˫ƮŸҶҲ֪ôۡǵŷ̵˫ſˮŵҶľ͵ûˡ
һԺǡÿ˿Ⱥͻ´һģƺֻƬ̲ſףԭ٤
ϲ٤ȻѾ˵õ֮ģϰ٤屣ͣҶȻֵˣҲ˿ǶԼĵ׽ķ룬ҶȻ˵ʲôġ
ֻǡԴӻº͹˿Ȼ쵽һȥ֮󣬹˿žʹģ
ԭʱ򣬹˿Ȼ½Լĺ͸ƵأͿһ˫۾ڡ
һסСϸļԼϸ֫Сȫ¶˳浹һʷʴİɫӣڽ״ȴȻսȻ¶һ˫ŴƵϸ˫㣺ɽЬӶ𣿡
˿ģеǰŮҲûôһ׸ˣҶǣȻ˵˿ȷǳĵĽ䴩ϣȻö֮ĴҴܡҺɽҲвٵƽﴩűȽϷŵĿŮӣɽӵѾֲ֣û˶ʲôѪ¼
ʦ
Ҷ˿ȹһѾǰȫһҲתΪ˴׽һͻ˹ؿΪɽϵĸ֮һ
ͬʱҶĴƣʮҲѾᣬһСڡҪԼ޳˲ܹӳʱֻǿʩչޣûʲôʵüֵ
֮⣬ûʲôˣҶĴ˷󣬼ûʲôģֻȥ׽˳ִ׵ԼûзǴơơ黨ָǼŵֵĹ
˿һҾЩȻ°빦ֻյĹ⾰ͽ⼸ŹѧᣬĽֻǲˣҶķôȥҲǸӣɴɣ˿ֻûȥĵԼ׽
һټҶĵԼھѧˣԼһŷͨԴ𣿲˿ܷóɣ
ֻأ
ҶĵĽ⣬˿ͷ΢ĳĶһԣʦĪǻ豦֣
Ҷ쳤ЦȻͷ豦ʲôϡ棬ΪʦȻǶõģ
ҶĵĻüͷһ壬ƺʲô漴ȻһЦĿԼ껹ھУҶָ˻ص˫ۣϷԼ豦һˡ
Ҷĵû˵ͳһԺ˽صǽ˵ѩŮʱֻһЦҶڸҲûзУû뵽Ҷ豦ˡ
ѧΪʦλٽ㣡
֮Ҷļй䣬һֱԼԺ䣬ż߯˹վԼ
ʰˣ
߯˹˵ͷʵҲûʲôʲôʰģʱûʲôһܡ
һҶĲ׼ǳʵ̫һЩ˵ٶҲö죡
Ǽͷ¹ڹɽɽҴأ
߯˹ͣҶһ죺·
һ°ɫĳȹһ߿֣߯˹·չ˳ҶľȵԼԼ俴޳ƺһ㱡Ʒ
ϣǡ
߯˹ͷԼȻ˵˾䣺˵ЩзǳԵЧҲ٣
ԭǶץסԼߣýעŵŮϣ⼸ŮΪγУķѾ˼˵һ¡
Ȼ׼׵ˣǾͳɣ
Ű߯˹ֱɽŶȥûǰغӵĿųΪҶĲϲֳ棬һ·ڵȻףҶһ·˳ȴûи͵ɽš
ɽ˲߿֮ϣҪȥȴԶ⻪գۼ͵˽ǰ
⻪һɢһ˾ȻһȸҶľȵҶҪţȻתͷڰ߯˹ϴһ£漴ȣϳʵݡ
ȸԱ߻һˣҶĺ̴ȸתʩҶŻǵ𣿡
ҶתͷһǵɽɰעǸͥӴôôܵɽˣҿ˼ģ


161 Ҫ
ⲻӹ𣿴ĪѰµģҶĿ˿Ӵ󿡣кѰԼʲô飿ܲɽɵעһ³ʲôɣ
ӴϴͥٷϴЦݣ˵Ҳǿʮ겻Ҷŷʤ갡

һӴ˵ǰȴҶŰСæ
ŶҶĲ𣬾Ӵ󿡵ĺģ˼Ȼҵͷˣǵʲôָ㣬пܵľͬͥµ깫
Լ깫ͨʹ꣬깫ԼĵϸҲ֪֮꣬пʷ¾ͺӴᵽԼ鷳ѰԼæˡ
Ӵ󿡼ҶĲǵԼ֮ϸ㿪ڵҶŲ֪ĳһݲ£Ϊûʲô鷳ȴ²ԭôð죡
£
ҶĵȻ֪ͥ飬Ҳ֪ͥɱϣͬʱ꯹˧ȸ񽫸˱Ը硪˵ȸǰߴôˣ
¾Ͳȸ˼ۣȸȴһԺԡ񣬱ջĿ⣬Ӵ˵ӹµʲôʹ
Ӵ󿡿ЦһһɥҶҲ֪ͥϣǷһս
ɽһһĴ£ҶĳɽȻ֪
Ӵ󿡵˵ͷͥȻڶ࣬Ҳǲ٣һЩȽ²ĽȴôãҶšӦȻ˰ɣ
Ѱ˼ҶľսҲͥͥٲѾˣҶֻҪ΢һܹĳǲ뵽Ҷǰ˹𣬴λʥ˴˼ϸ
ʱӴ󿡻һҶľ֪λӹ½ʲôˣžǺѡ콫飬Īֳ˺һϴӦͥ
ȻӴ󿡵۱Ҹѡ콫һжͦ˳ģֻǽЩȴһˣһܷ⣬ǿֱͥЩ񽫣Ҳͳսĳ˷ͥѰһȻõνȴϴƢȴЩһһҪ˵ʲôҲͥ
Ҷĵ˵ͷЩ鶼Ԥ֮УҲûôȡ
ӴĻȴҶеԾˣΪѰ˹ʾɣӦÿ˵ɣȴһûã˹ִǳֻԣ첻Ҫ󣬱ҲǾƲӣɱ֮λֻ֮࡭
ȵȣҶͻȻһ̧֣ע⵽ؼˣѾˣ
ӴһЦǣ
ѡ֮ǰѵѯʹԸⲻԸǷʲôҪ𣿡Ϊνĺѡ񽫣ȻֻЩǡ״̬ǣҲѯһԸ⻹ǲԸ⣿Ӵ֮ԣֱӽ񽫣ʹ
ֻӴɫࣺ˭뵽˲Ըأ
ôһ˵ҶҲһ»عϾѰ˵ܹΪƺһĪԵϸ׷Ѱɵܹɹôĺ¶Դϣм̵ܹסջԾܾģ
ԣôһҲȷǹˣϵӴ󿡺Լ֪飬ҶͻȻʶʲô˽ʲô֣
Ƕĩַȣǰ÷ºؽ֮ͬˣǹʾɣ
ҶһȻѾͦͷͬʱѰ˼Ǿ䡮һ÷񽫣ֱ׷ඥ񽫡ȴҲϡˡ
ֻе֣ԼƽĪ˵ˣλºԼĸУӴ˵ĪΪԼܣôԼˣ룬ŶȻʲôҪӴԼ첻Ȼֲô깫ʲôԲԼҪԼæ
ʲôҪ󣿡
ӴһɫҪ

ǰλͥɫһͿѰֻأͥĳȰսȻͥѰҲֻ˵ս
Ҷĸ˸ͷ湻ƷģȻ鵽̶ֳȣҲͥ²ص˵㶼ˣžһ
ҪǸǣʲôѰģ
Ӵ󿡶ˣҲ
ɶҶգգۣҲ벻ô˵ҲôܣץˣҲ
ӴĬĬȫˮ˰ŵ콫ˣȴʼѰνͶ̥ȥ㣬ȥң
ôû֣ҶȻ֪ɽνǲԼ֪ôȫ֪ȫܣҲû֣Ǿֻм
һ֣ѾֻأȻ޴֮һ㶼õɾλϵȻͻʧҶĵ֡
һг֮ˣҲᱣӡǣɺȥҲϽ
ڶ֣ɢֻ֮ˣȻüش֮ΪѾʧûתһ˵ˣһӡҲ¡ɱ඼³Ҳûɶ塣
֡־ͱȽˣǾǱ֮ˣ
ô˵Щϻ鲢ô򵥣ΪѰɷǰ㳤ãʷĳкпܵһЩڵﱻ˴̡İɴ˵ܶ඼ԭͣںδϸܣʵЩ˶ǲڵģһһĴﴫ顣
ҲõľǵһˣֻҪҵѾɵˣ֡ҲѾɵȻȥһɢǿɾ鷳ˡ
Ӵ󿡽йؼ˵һͨҶж鷳ˡ
Ҳų֣ûˣôôִ
ȻʷϹǷ˶۲ݣѧ߱ʾǺһŮٹְţȵȣǼȻˣҲǴڵġ
ȴӴɫʼղתҶĵҶŲ֪Ƿ֮֮ˣ
ȻֽһЩҶ˵ˣҶ֪ԭлһЩԵɡ
񽫵ʱ򲻵ὫԭĻУһЩԡ񻰡¡ҰʷԼһЩصĶ
ضүʷϵĹضүʹǹǷ֮ŵȴǴҶµǵҲǷǷƷ൱ڶүˣͬʱӦòõģǷ֮һִõĳ뻯籾ʹĴһǷˡ
ҵǣضүʷҰʷҲ˵еû̫֮ҲǴͬûʲô鷳
ξٹ˵÷ͥԼྭ䱾˼ûҲû鷳ƫ鷳Ұʷ˵ȵȽһ𣬽ͲеǸ˵ĳЩҥģɷΪϴӡеֱҲǴҶ֪ķ컭ꪡĩʱȻꪣȴ첻컭ꪣһͿƳˡ
һȻҲеǲܵЩ˵µӰֻڹеˡ
񡭡߯Ҳײˣ
ҶŪ˹ؼ֮ʱҲͷȴӲ죺ͥ㲻飬Ѱʲôã
Ӵ󿡵÷ˮ֮ԣ֪ҶһԷۣǰҶųְĳһѣ
ͨͨλз֮ͨһųƿɿȥδϲ̬Ͽɿ¿ڤɿֻأ֪ǰҶǷۣʹͨ棬ҲɰЩæɣ
Ҷ֪Ӵ󿡴ʲô⣬ΪԼһֵͫģͥиʿ࣬ĪǾûһͨģ
ȴȸĿڣҶŲ֪ͨȻǷұȽϳͨһһЩܹ޵ߴģȴǷжĴڣͥսУܲȥɣ
ҶĬȻȷģͥмΪ˶Ը磬ȻҷʲôԼļȥԼ
ѵټͥûо޷ҹ֮ˣҶļǵ֮ͫĹԼרüֻ۲ᣬüҲһֻۣοϾ۱˶Ƕܣ֡룬Ҫ鷳ۣӴҲˣֱӻȥԼˡ
һôԼˡֻƤëҲãȥԼǺˡ
ԣӹ׼
Ӵ󿡹˹֣ҲҶôֻҪĳһˣæҲˣʲô飡ƳȻãʵƲֻĳù
Ҷ룬Ҳʲô鷳飬ԼҲҪţ˳·һҲûʲô󰭣ͷӦ˴£ǽ˵ǰͷͫȻǷͨȴͨǰ棬ƳʲôҲұ֤ӹ»ĪҪ̫ڴ
ҶŸҳְæĳѾиΣҲҽûҶܹ⣬ʵڲֱӳƺƣû槼榵вС
Ľǽ飬Ȼ¶ֻصУֻûҵҲˡֻƽ˷˸ȥǵðѵ⡣
߻һ̸꣬ҶתͷȸҲΪ˴£Ӵ󿡲ʶɽ·ȸ·ģһΪƺе㲻ס
Ȼȸҡͷǰ֮ͻȻУɽƺ֮ǰ鿴һô£룬Ӧλķ˰ɣ
Ҷһû뵽ȸɽԭΪ˶ͬʱҲû뵽ȸûܹо񹦼ɣ
ˣȸҶҲ֣Ƿԭ֮ЧҶȻˣΪ˱ʲô¹ʣһɣķһ嶼Ӧģ
һɷ͵ڼ˷һ壬仰˵ڷһһȻҪǰ鿴һó⡣
ȸΪȸ峤ҲǷһбȽзȻҪ鿴һοǶҲǹˡ⣬һĿģȸǳɴ˵˳ңãȴʼղȢ񶫷гɣɾͷ壬Ը⣬ҵԸ⽫Ȣ
һȸ˵ҪȢҶĵʱҲû£ֻȸЦԣû뵽񶫷񹦽ɣȸˣ˼ҪȢȥ
ֻȸ˼һʱᶫùأҪڹ߶һˣ
Ҷ죬Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲô˼ȸͿҿ˼ҪýȢİѶӻؼңǰֱǿɲһ£ܲóɣ
ֻȸתɽȸס£ͺúչλͣ·


162 
Ӵ󿡵ٶȲ죬ǱûмƣƾԼҶĹڽ⵱Уڿлһͥɶȥ
ǷͥȻҷţҲȲ÷ֱ߰ģ˾ͥС
ҪȥǴҪźͥתתתϺһӣȻŻһϹһңš֡
һ̨̨Ƿ͹ڴ̨֮ϣΧææµµ⼸ĽҶվſںĿһ֮󣬾ͼһˣǹ
ۣͷ̽Ҷһֱүһ㣬ǳ̹ȻĽɫԴϣ˿⣡ףϵµһվ˵ݡ
ֻλݵʥ˴ʱȴһɫǽӽ׵ߴʱҲûơ
ȴһˣϽ׺ۣͷϴϽڣһ˻ꪣȻǹıδȴԵðСɼҲ׳˶ǳվضҲ·
ҶֻһǸ˻֪ꪾ˶ˣȻʱ첻ȷ컭ꪣǷһ˲ʱıҲ֡
ڣȴǰԶһ죬Űۣ޳ȳơߺҶĲ࣬ûǱλƵؿŵȥ򡪡òãһһӡ
һޣϻųңֵһ˻ꪣȴ⻭꪿ƽƽ֮⣬ҳԼްۣɢҶĻԶоˣº治˶࿴˼ۣǡôҲתͷЦҶıȭһ
˭û˵Ҷĵͥ񽫣ڴأֻɫȴλתǱλҶļ֮ȴһ˰ȻֱҶ˹
λ
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ʲôط
ҶգգۣԼǲˣƬ̲Żع񣺡ͥǲǺͿˣĲǺεأڣȻԼڵǷﲻǷ֮𣿵÷λĽȻҲڴ˵س֣
ѵ·񽫣ţתͷͼԱһӴ˵ʲôϻĽָţԼ²ĹȻû
ٻعͷȴ۽üͷ´ԼһŵλĪҪڿңͥ
ҶѾ֪˲ܷ񽫣ûŪǷˣһ˵Լͥǻĸš
ͬʱҶȻԵûЩȷǵɡҶĴûЦֲʿһۣ
ˣɽɺôҲɼɣΪŵҶĴһϡˣοɽеͳУ굽ͬҲԵʺ򣬿ںѣ˭ҶĴкβףֻԼ֪ҶǸٵʿ
ǰԲãϼҶĴ粢һ㣬ȻͲȴѰͯԵơ
ڿ㣿ҶЦ𣺡ԼȻ˵֮ͻȻһŤԼȻ۽յһڹȻصҲ秣˵Ǿܡ
һڣֵú룬ӦһЩģʲôλӹ£
һ̧׼Ӵ󿡻ȴλվˣҶķһûģ
ӴЦЦȻͿĳǽһӴ󿡣ͥһС£ּ⣬ӭ·񽫣ʲô׵޷֪γƺ
ǰ۽ȻһԴˮϸ룬ȴǵԼһ֮£ҲȷǵԼɣȻмɻ󣬵ɫȴղǰѿˡּһٷԼȴҲ˾䣺Ѧ񣡡
ŶѦӴһߵͷһ˫۾ȴѦϲͣɨɨȥǼòã֮ȣͿ֪Ƿжرǿ񽫡
˵ԵģһþͲѰܷ֮ܵض˶˼֮ʱҲֻǵµһƥñ˵ȻûõãǲǺͱйأ
ȻŻǻꪺͿ׶ֻѰ֮㲻ʲôϡԼϲԻһսȫȻûʲôӰ졣
ǰλȴͬŵޡϴŵİۻǹԼʸ֮ͨ˵Щɼҷĺöͷֻŷһ𶪳һ׶˾ȥҲòˣѦЩ֮ſɡ
ЮŶ౦Ľ죬ôҲǲģӴ󿡵۹в˵棬ֻʷȴѦʱʣýĳ
Ѧôʲô˼ǵƣ
ŶӴһϵξٹھ͸ţʶϤ֮ˡ
⻰һȴһλϽҲڣ
ֻ˻Ӵ˺λƲһˣǲһĻе鷳Ϊξٹ׳ģҲλϵóϲ
תͷԱһ˷Ըȥξٽؽһˣ˵ǹˡȵȡȥˣλȥ˱߾ǰߡ
⻰һԸλ񲢲ЩսҲȥǰߣûͥ
Ѧ񱾻ڴΪܹλϽȴôһ䣬һ±еŵ˼б仯ֻһڲƭԼ
ڼҶһ仰û˵ֻǷŶͷѰ˼ֺ찡Ѧ񡭡Ѧô벻أ
תͷʣȴûʵˣţȴѦĪƳʱڵλѦѦʹ󣿡
ҶһͷͿضһ߸ųһ۴ˣƬ޵ȷ
һޣִһмҶ˳һƣԭ֮Ҳ˹ϻ֣ꪲѦ֮һӲмӣûƳʲôϡ棡
Ѧ񿴵ӭ󺺣һ˳泤ףһ۽ףĳ˵еƣһȴƲˡ
ҶļѦһֱǣ㿪ڵǹƳѦ˵ɣʱҲѦʹ·ˣԼȻֻǵ˼ҵ֣䱾ˡλҲʷϺպĴڣһ֮ȻƲδһܣҲսȻ
Ѧһղżģмֻɣȴ뾹Ȼǡ˺ֻҪһ󵶹ֱͷͰˣƳ֮ʱ˵еĹòģѦŲܿ϶
ֻҲ˼˵ʲôʲôԴɵ˼ۣлɣЦЦû
ҶĻ˻֣ʾɢհ죬ȴקһһĲ鲻ԸÿЩֻﻹţͿСʿʹóʲôֶΣҶִۣ۱Сʿƺˡ
һˣֻҡͷ̾ϢֹԴƢƼӹȥҲǸĲˣ
ɢҶЦЦ漴һָ̧һ͵һ㣬֮Ȼһɫ⣬ವһ´ڳһ
һ¾ѦһܵһԾϻꪡֱӻסһĿŶҶġ
ȵǵϹҶдڳ֮ûԼ֪˲ҪԼ㽫ʱڿͻȻʲôˡǺȻһɫ⻪ĳ
ҶʹõȻʷж˵Ĵ˵ǲ٣ȴǱƳ磬ҶҪȡѦȻҪʹֶΣǽɵƼܡ
ѦΧҶĳһſϴ󣬲Ƭ̺ͻָ̬ԱǷ̨Լ⻪貵ķƻֺĴĿֻصҶϡ
ʱӴҲ˹һ̤һƾðӴ󿡸С
Ѧܸ˰ɣ
Ѧ˵ͷԼŵޣ˵Ļѵġδ͵һޣϾȻ󻢺֮Լǿɼһɫϻһţ޵ĿͲ˼־档
ֻʲôалڲⶫô£ԭһжģ
ҶĲԣҲȫȻʲô˼ҲûȤ֪ӴѦʹĸж֪ס
ֻй˺֮ͬʱҲµ޵·Լµһԭ֮ǸһЩ˵º󱻷
д˵ԾŮ͸Ѧʹֱˮۡ׻ޡ칭ʹƼλѦ񣬷һû¶ˣ
ӴŻȻԭ˾ŮѦʹ֮ʱǷ񻹺;Ů˺öҲ롪ǿҲиԴǣ
ȻǷܹҪѦʹĻǲܸôõĶġ
ضµǧйأԽܵĹռת۳ѦʹҲûܹ𣬷޴裬ֻȥѰ뼸йϵŮȥһͿԿǷȷǸͨͿжϳǲǹ£ŮﲻʶѦʹȻҲͲȥˡ
ǷȴˡһͷȥŮǱ߾иӦ벻Ҳֻһ顣
ƫƫŮĽԼŮﻹĶѦʹΪ
ڳ֮˶һʱܣȻĵйؼѦʹŵ÷񽫾Ϳ˾ŮǺôĸ֡
Ҷ֮ͨҲΪĽ⸣Ե浽Ҳա˭ŮǲʲôĵҪȥ죿ʱôˣ벻С
ȻҶͷû£ͼһӵӴǰӴһϵķ̾ѦʹƳһۣȻ󹧹Ľӹ漴ĿѶϢ˹
Ѷһãǽӵ󼸺˲֪ݣķʱ䣬Ӵ󿡽ӹ˲ͻɷ۳ȻۣѦʹѦӦͥһѧϰһЩʶͳģ
ȴмҪˡ»ݲܾ
ղŹһѦʹҲ˸Լ⼸ǾŮͣҲ֪¾˼ҪԼرʱˡ뵽ӡ⼸֮͹ЧҲе޹»ܻ˴˶鵹Ҳʣ˵ͷʾԼԸȥ
Ӵ룬ȴԺ˵Ҳż»һҪȽѦԴƬ̣
׵Ӵ󿡲ͷǲڵĺˮ鶼ϵһ𣬵Ҷžúˣ
޷Ҷתͷ˿ҲڴԼֻôѺãƺڹӦôʹԼһҲǺ鷳ܿĳǿҲգ۵飡
δ䣬˫۹⻪ƬȻ߲ʹ⻪⣬Ĺ⻪ڸȥҶ˫۸߲ʱ任ɫǰֻƬ̺ҶȴͻȻһ
ף


163 ж
⻪ȻȥֻĿҶϣֻҶվԭǰ˴۵СۣڽϾһȻ˭ҲգۣҶ˶һȡһָСƿȻͷ۾ϵΡ
ˣ
֮˾ԣƲ쿴ҶģҲڸЩʲô
Ҷȴ˿ûԾҩˮȻʹգ۾ɵ۵˹֣˼µ΢ûܿʲô
˻һ֪֮˾Գ̾һ鵹ҲԤϣ˭Ҳûоʲôϡģ֮̾æľɢȥԼȥˡ
ֻ⼸վԭûӴȻҲ֮һߵҶԵ˾䣺ҶƬҲ
ҶЦЦȷʵѰ죬Ҷĳ˫۾ֻǿ˹ȥƲδǰ͸ˣολλºǰİˣѶȿɾ͸࣬ҪĿɲֻͨһͨģ
йҪƾƳȥýǷͨ޳ɲУҲʲôҲƲҶȻǷͨȴֻأͨǡþ͹ֻתһ£ˡ
תͷҶĶӴʹ˸ɫȻһԶһ߰һٺŷеϣƲʲôġ
仰ĹҶѾӴߵԶ΢һƳȴһȻֱȥ˴ȥˣǼλˡԣ߹ȥں˵ʲôҶļûעߣӴֱӽ˵ס
鲻ð죡
ԴҶĳʹɫӴ󿡾֪λҶŲʲôҲûƳֻ鲻ôð죬ҶĲûֱ˵ʵһԽȥ
ҶɫŹ֣˵Ͳڣ
Ӵܣ޳ŮɻΪʲôɢ֮ģûܣ
ƫƫôѹҶĲҵ˵̫ˣ˭º᲻ֱӷȻǰֲܷʲôվǸ¡
Ӵ룬ЦǾƭƭɡʲôףôҲһĻԡ΢ƭһ£Ϳɱסʱվˣʹ֪ҲԹɣ
Ͼо仰˵ĺãţ˵ľͱҲٱɣ
ƭҶɫŹ֣׵𣿡
ʲô׵ͥọִ̇̄ȻӹŹ֣ȷһԱͽ۱Ҳ᲻ýһԱ󽫶ֻȥɣ
Ӵ°ͣҾ˵ȥתһԵ޳Ůɣֻǲ֪ȥɽ統УҲлײתɢֻأǿɾҲˡ
תŮɡҶĻǾòףΪ̫״ơ
ӴȴٺһЦͥİˣֿλŮӣȻҲͿ׵һˣٲãѰƵӦһ˵תַˣôð죡
Ӵô˵󲻵òͬ˵ĻеģȻ֪λӹʵϻΪԼǡɲϣⱾûʲôѶȵĲ°ѵСְŽ鷳
⣬ӴҲ뿪ֳʲôɾͲðˣֻܿ󸿵ˣ߸ɴཫɱ
ֻȥǰߣǵطƣʹʵǿҲ˻Ҳûʲô⡣
ûʲô©ˣӴ󿡵˵ͷعҶһͬߵǰǡ̧ͷˣһھΪΣ𣿿Ժ˵ˣ
ҶЩһƤƾʲôҲܴ䲻ӴһûʲôӦûʲôһ߿˼֡ӹ¸ɵľǽӴ˵Ĳ£Ҳֵ֡
ûӦЦֲɵϹӣֹ˭ҲƵĳԾˣ˵ɣǲǲѰˣ
Ӵ󿡿£ҲǣԱҶĴ˸ɫʾĪҪʱ򲻰æȵҶֻÿЦʵҲȫѰٻеģ
ŶһǱ˸һҶĵ۹ҲôͱˣһΣҶľһǡǲҵ
εĿ£Ҷֻõ˵ͷֻˡת˻Ե޳ŮɺҲƲˣɽĳذɣ
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ⷬ˵꣬Ӧʵʵͥеˣȴ⻰һȻӽ׵ôľ³ľѹϣѰƶǷ츲ص˸վȭͷȵһҵģ
˵Ż̧Ҫߣÿԣһקסºȥ
֮ͥУҪ˵ϵõĻǹȻǰ˻Ʋ˳ۣĲԸҲǺþԶ֮ǰˣҲ⣬һĵĿ͹ôһˣԶҲΪ
÷Ҳ˺óʱ䣬ʲôԹŲ£οûʲô𣬵ҲΪͬŻụԼ˳ۣûЩԵӰ죬ܹúദ
קסûգתͷӦһҪȥѰ
֪ǸƢʱӲ˳ɻᵶԾͻ˸ӵ֪ɽ֮󣿱Ǻҽɽִ֪˶٣ҴѰʲô
Ųһ٣ֵοѾת޹񼴱Ҳϲϳת˵
˵תٴҲϵĳ⻰ҲͺԣֲɵȻǲܣһ仰ںϲ²£ﲻ֪Ǻá
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ȴԼһ仰ԱߵҶӶ͹ˡ
ȥʲô°
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ǸӣȥˣҶĲŲϽȥκι⻰˵̫죬ֹҲǲţѾתͷˡ
ҪѰ

ȻǸˣʱȻʲô˲ˣղŻҶüëüë۲۵ģʱͲûˣ
ҶĺߺӦתͷƳ۹𣬼źһЦеģԼղǷǵ⣡һԵӴǼüŪԼͷӦʡ
Ӧð
һ䣬ҶļȷǳֻǷӲģԼȴȫ֪Լ֮˲һλã¼˵ҵĳ˷ǰ֮ĪˣҶһʱȻ˵ͷ
һͷͺˣǴʱԴˣǵ۵˸һܲʱ˵ʵҰﲻæɣ
ҶӦʣ˵ʲôƵأͲûֱһϸȻһŶˡ
˵ĺ͹ܵһ𻰣Ӵ󿡳ûҶպɼ¡
¡ҶתͷӴ󿡣üŪۣһ¾ʲô˼ˣƼĸŮ˳ˣֱӿ˵Ҳͺˣ¼еõȥںԼǰĸȻҲûȥ顣
ͱҶġʹûԼǰĸҲûȥ˼һ֪Լ֪飬Ƕƣ
̾һҶĶӴ󿡱˱ȭ˼ˣҶĳˣ
Ϊû˰ɣȴӴæֹһҪҶ˵
漴תһֱԾΧۿϷѦʹ֣Ѧҹ˵
һְע˹Ҷ֪ǾŮ⴫һö򣬻Ѧʹһ׵װҪԼµġӴ󿡵˼Ҫ顣
ȻһӴ󿡾͵Ů˵ҶҪȥɱߣԱҪҶ˳·Ѧ
ɶ˼ǾŮҲ߲˳ۣԻԼɸ֣¼仹Ⱥ£
֣ȴûʳֻվӴ󿡵ĺġ
Ȼ¼ûôõ飬Ӵ󿡼ŮһŮһõɣʯӡ
Ҷľ˼㣬ң͹Ҳüϲ
ʯӰŮ½£ֽ٣ŮһֱѰ˼ʯӱֻһֱûʲôѡǡѦȻŮѦҲһЩ˱ҪѦλʯӱ𣡡
Ŷ
Ѧʹ̧ͷƺôѣϸè岻٣ֲôʰŮôԳ֣
Ӵ󿡵Ѧ֣ǳʯӺͶݵһȥǵطŮﲻȥԲѦһ⣡
һ裬һ¾𾿾ôˣһӶʯӾ֮ͬģѦʹ׹ҲüͷȻҲǶ˲ܣ˵ȶ˵ö֮Ůﲻһ⣬ײҲȻĲ˴ˣ
˵һѦʹʵ˶㵽˺δ
ӴûڣҶȴĪܵǶ季ĽѦͬУŮǲǰԼƽȥˣ֪ԼҪȥ孾̰Ѧʹ˵ѦʹȥŮ𣬿ҪѦʹ㲻ҪԼְæ
ŮﲻصɶôûôҪҰ£
Ӵ˾ƵأȻƳҶȻûʲô仯ȴ졪ʵҶľŲҲûɶŮȻͥеλ磬ɵ˾أչû¼ĹϵοҶΪǿŮҲƽȶԻҶĴȥҲ˵ʲô
м䣬ҲÿֵĲ죬ֻõѦҶͬУҪѦէʲôҲ֪һ·ҶӦҲڳʲôˣǶͷڡ˵Ƕ֮أ
Ҷ֪ŮԼֻǰСæһ·Ͻ̽ѦʹʶԵȴòԼ΢˵㡪˳Ϊ֮ôСµҲν
Ӵ󿡺Ǿ䣬ȴе棺ʲô˼
Ƕͷ֮ж졯ڤһһһ磬ֻ˵ɽһģ
Ҷһ¾׹ƵСһһĿռ䣬ȴɽ硪һ״Сһ
ǡж졯ڣǶ孵ؽϣ


164 
ж죿Ҷ飬ֻóһۣʲô֣
ӴһЦʵҲ㲻֣ʱִ˵صļλɣֻԡǵطж죬ͨһ磡ûطʲô֣Ǿö֮Ҷô˵һֱʲôֻ˳ƺˣ
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һ˵ʲôر֮ؾ͸ֿɲϰߣɷͬҲϲɽ֮гʱҶطʲôڣͥƴ˵Ϊ硢Ⱥɽ磬ҲиԳƺʲô磬ƥ˹֮ġ
ʲôŸǵطڤ硢ظкȵȴôģж졯Ȼûеˡ
ѦʹҲǺ棬Ǳж쾿ô£ѵɷ˴˵֮Ͳռ£
ǰΪͳ󽫣֮˲٣֮ⷢػܷŹû˵
ӴЦݸࣺǵطʺ˾ס
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˶²ӴֻýҶѾ֪ɽ֮ȣԣǾѵ֮ҲǼΪʣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷȻõģɽǵһԴȷ˵ڵյֻǻ˸ʵôɽÿպľͶ޳һжк֮Ĵ
Ӵһ˵Ҷ̾뵽ʲôĪǵط
ҶһڣӴ󿡾֪λҶȻˣ˳Ƶ˵ͷȷôסɽϷһСԾۼ˴νĵظڤ磬ҲƽһĴڣȻҲЩȴûʲôҪ
ǶڣԵɽ֮£һСۼ֮أȻһ棬̫ʢѰ˽ȥ޷Уľ˻Ϊ𣡡
Ҷĵ˵ͷӴ󿡱ŮŮǱ޵֮ɣͲ
ȵȣҶһ̧֣ʲôƵؿסӴԣҶĳǵǾŮǺųƱ֮ɣ½ңŮﶼܡȻЩ˼䴫˵ܹݵİɣ
ܹѡĳ֤ŮҲþͨ˵жϵĳ˲ǿɵµ
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ӴƬ̣Ҷʲô˼ЦŽ͵ŮﵹǾ֮ͨҲЩţҶ㾫޴˵֮ȿɾʹˡ
Ҷһ⻰˹ԭŮﲻλŮ򲻹Ƕͷ
Ůﶼɸ񽫱ɱ˳
ƳҶɻӴּҶŲ֪Ǳж̫֮ʢɡɼˣȥһΪʮɷӲɣŮﾫһڡ֮ԶʤѰˣԡ
ҶˣԭҪ𵫵ȴеŮ⣬ǻӰ޷Գ֡
Ӵ󿡼ҶڣԱв⣬ԼҪԵǸ֮˵Ѧʹ󣺡Ƿȴһ㣬ŮѦʱ
֮ʱԳ˼֡
񽫣һ۷ǳⲿӰ졪ѹͥļΪ٣ȴϲ񽫣ȫΪӰ쵽ʵķӣֱǿ֮ر
ͬʱҶҲΪʲôŮԸѦʹ۳ǼˡǷǷȻҲܻӰ죬Ѧʹ֮ٴ跨˭ȥǵط֮󷨱᲻ܵʲôӰ죿
ôһܶͶ˵ͨˣҶ֮Ҳ˵ͷʾԼ˹
ȴǶͷǡ֮硭ôо趨еǡħ磿
뵽вһԣͷۣһѵλҪȥǡħ硯һ⣿
ӴȴҶ룬ֻǼǶ֮أǶ֮أǵطҲ˻״ǱصҲⲻմȾЩ൱صǱɡҲΪͥոǶ孺ȴûֱٹίЩԵ֮һ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾλ˵ˣѾŪˡ깾ħ磡Ƕ֮صνвӦħͷġ
ڵϣ֮زٴ˵еνʵϾǶһ㲻ˣҲΪĴ˵ôԵɰ
˵ɽǺ˴ѵǶ孵ԭסôһǽȴûлһ磿
²׷֪ԭЩһﱾ磬ֻǵʱϹŷս˽ʱͨЩſʼط߶ģҲȥ˵Щ˵
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ôһѣҶĵǰɽһЩϤ֪࣬ȥʵͷۡ
Ҳû£˼һˣֱ̧˾ǡ
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һλ½һߵͷѾԼ޷Ǿָ˵°ˣһҲã÷񽫵ҲĪԵҺúҲˡ
һѦʹͻȻĵˣҪѰ֮òֶǲ֪㵽ǵطҲһͷ
ӴԼţˣ˵ŷȡƬдʣڤ˼Ƭָ̣һ㣬зųһֱƬʧ
ЩӴ󿡰ƬݵѦʹϣⶫպãŮԣѰǱж죬ǵط֮ƬȻ֪ҪѰ֮ʲôòֽʲôˣ
ѦʹӹƬźã˵ͷʾ˽⣬ҲûԵ顪֪ԼܰãҲһν˵Եģͥˡ
ǰ첻áư첻õĻضزԵҲѰ˼ˡ
ߵҶǰѦʹֹʩһ񡪡ڿɲֻҶòˣ˭֪λԼĪʮµǸʲôŪǸǧģô̴̵ľЩʧ
ЩӾͷɳӦˣ
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˵˻˾ʱ¶ȻͻȻ˳ҶĵɳҲһͬ߰ɣ
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ȴ𣺡֮ͥпҲһѰλɳĴ߶߶ҲοֻλɳܿǲתҲλɳҲǲ֪ȻҪͬУ
ⷬһ˵Ӵ󿡵Ѿŵϴ󣬴ʱҲ÷϶׼һͽȥ
Ӵ󿡱ں䣬ҪԹԵ̣ͥҲֻȰסԺҲиԶ˵˵ˣȴһƣסˣǿҲˡ

Ӵץȴʼ벻Ӧ˵ЩʲôסλϾǰһ˵ģֻҶܿǰҲʵҲһüãܲʱٲϰɣ
ôоԼƵȥˣ
룬ӴֻѪƾȰǲǴעҪҶһˡ
֮£ӴֻõȻˣҶһͬȥתתɣȴֻú潻Ů¹񽫣ȥˣ뵽˴ִԺ;ֱȥŮݼλεԼȥ
ȻҲ԰ɢǾͻ˷һºٲùһ²Ϊⶪ֮λǾôԸŰɣôŮ涥ţӦòɡ
ǰߵĽ⡭ֻ취
һԵĹİһѣѾҲͦͬλºһЩɵݳ佫٣Ӧһ󣡡
ôһ˵ҶĵԼɽǡиģܹ̫ܵξҲûʲô⣡οܹ޹ʵսȥǰתһתҲǺ¡ڰȫ׼̫ܹ࣬Ҫųȥģܻɽܳɵʲô£
뵽˴ҶľͰ˵ˣû뵽ɽл˲ţЦܹҲԵֵº֮ȱˣ
һԵӴ󿡸ǿģҶĵ翴ԼĸһҶοǰ˴æ˰
һͨлİѼͳȻֱûӰӣתȥæԼ飺ʱԸȥˣþѰʵ񽫣ֻҪṩĵλԺͥҲ¹ñժ
ûߣȻҶ׼ܹܴӾôͻҪȥܹһţʲôȲżȵǰ߾жҵʵġ
ɽɳܹ˵ҲõǣҪľǹӡԼͥע񽫣ЩȥɽܹܾͿֱȥǰ߱һˡ
ܹܻ᲻ͬȴҪ࿼ǣҶΪɽţܹɽ£ҶĿڣܹǲܾܾġȴܹܲɽӣļҽֻҲᲵԼʦӾǡ
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λӦǺţƵ飬ҶֻһС·ͱеһλͷðǡ
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ҶĿ˿Ҳ첻ɴҲһƣȻŰ߯˹վ桪ǻ챦һ̵۶ɣǿҲɵá
һԵҶŰ߯˹֣ףɳȢ˸Ůӣ
ͻȻʲôƵصĵʿҲȢ޵𣿡


165 
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߯˹ǰƥ˹Ůǰƥ˹ʮ֮һµĽ£ΪܾʹͣˣȴѦʹѯʡ
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һ˵򽣹һҶĵ˽뼸Ů˵ʱ򣬻Ϊ´һʲôֶһ
ʱֻҶĴһҾֻһƬƬɫռһأԵʲôҲɫɢǰѾȫ˵ĹڵˣһУֱǡ
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ֻа߯˹ˣѩһñʼǱ߯˹ʾһУһ䣺ȷǺ񰡣

һ·УҲ֪˶ãȵҶƶ֮Ƽǲ׳Ĵ󺣵ʱ֪ԼȻ˶ڷһӹƾͿƼǶ孺ˡ
ʱƶƣȻҶĵɳǲȥ𣿡
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źϼѱϷ΢߲ˣѰʲôָǺã
ݵĵҲ޵ķʸԭͳ󽫣·;֮Žϵʱ˵֮Σʱ˴Ҳûף½顣һԵѦʹҲˣȻﵫҲͷʾϿɡ
ҶȴأֶοѰǶ孺
ȻֶΣο㲻ла߯˹߯˹ΪŮȺҲֻҪҹͿƾǹ֮жϳ
ȻҪڴҵǶ季ֻƾЩҪֶεģҶŵǸƬ
ⶫǴ޾ģҶѰ季Ը·ƬֻҪ˶֮ϣƬͻɳһֻɹ۳ɵȻָҶǰС
ʱ˶ҶҲֽƬ飬ͼһųԼĪƴС˳˼ǰ

Ѧʹ䣬С˽֮ת󺣷ȥҶļС˷ɵļ죬˵ƣȻ󲻵ȶ˷Ӧ𽣹⽫˹У׷С˶ȥˡ
һɣǰնĹ⾰ҶĹⶫ孺붫޴½ľɱȵ֮ľԶĶˣΪڵؽֻ˲飬ȴҪϰջࡣ
󺣵ʱͷ֮ʱʱ̫Ѿȥˡ
ڲõҲҪ·ҶѾƼһƬ½أҸҪǣҶĻûӽͼǵطɳһâӭ˹һƣȴһòûʲôϡӣУһսҶǼеʽǶͥĿʽǶ孱صսס
˾ͥפڴ˵񽫣
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Ѱ˼䣬ͻȻǰСɢҶҲ˳ͣ½⣬о˽ǰ
Ȼǽ컹û߽ѾҶĴк˿ɽҶҶˣ
ŻףȵϢˣҶĿӦǣ
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ҲŹ𷼲ʶҶģҶȴ֪׻һǵĻŹǡҲյȻЩӡ
ͬʱҶҲ֪ˣŹͥϳӣȻͥеλߣȺԼҲǸԼӡ
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ǫһȴŹֵҶŲǫ飡ǫ鷴ΪƲ

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߷ɽȻģҶӦ˾䣬ȴ˵ɱɱߣҪվʲôͬʱ۹ȻתȴŹ˼Ź𷼺ƶԴΪģѵʲôè壿
һ֮ջû˵ʲôһԵͻȻһ䣺ҶţŮǲǡҶתͷһɫĵ˵ͷе񣡡



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߱ʹһ٣ԴʹҲòȥѰɽɵĻ´ξͲ֪ܲӵˡ
ԭǰһܻͺ˳ͻλ˵ؽʣǿΪԳŰ֮ʱԼܵñѩޣȴǰ߸ϾʱľãѧǿֶΣʹҶĴıˣҲһշУֱǸ߿֮ƴһȻݵĶԼǳѨȥˡ
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һĽҶ˾裬Ͻ˵ˣҲһᣡ
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ŹЦ˵֮ˣֻԻ
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ϷԼŮҶĲ²ԼԷóҶϢ
ڱ졭һ죬ͷյǺǿģҶĴ߯˹һԺݲһŵ鲢ûбλ©һ¾Ϳ˵ĹϵԸɴ㰲š
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ҶվȻܵһЩӰ죬Ȼӵĵطڡһ档
ҶԼȻҲӦʵûܵʲôӰ죡
һʼǿжԵжԱΪĹ߲⻷Ӱ죬ȻòʣǲӰսӣ˵Ļȥǡж졯УҲͥЩһָš
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ټѾǰЩʱռǰģ
ʱλϾ緢žͺƸһȣٿһȻϣõģȻûʲôҲɼʱ֮ǡ·ûʱ任
ڿտܶ룬ƣжˮΧγһˮ̶ˮڽһž˶Ż˵ǿµζҺ˶ֶΣζ˿ȥ
ֻüëšһ磬ĿҲ˼
棬ˣ
˶ڴֻҶĶ죬һӰ̾ǳֹ
˳Թʱ򻹆һȫûбҪһսҲˣ˻ûعʱҶѾ̧һ㣬̱貺ֱȡ
жҲ÷µ˶ɱˣȻӦǰ˵
ֻԼ˺ò׿ʼɫɽžȻɱʵлκҲɲɽŵȷǽ˳Թ˼鷳Ҳһŭֻתˡ
תͷһƣͼȻźͷ糤ҲѰԼ鷳ġⷽؽ֮ϣֻԼҶĻҵ˴Ȼ·
ˣվȻǰң
⻰ʵҲ˵˵ˣıν棬ȻʼκβͷޣҲֶαסԼҪ˵ǰĵľе㳶ˡ
߹Ǹûɱһοսֵʱòֵȷ˼֣ͼץϧʼûгɹ
Ȼе㲻ҪƤȴҲûﵽǷ켫ĵز˵ԼҶһʲôġ
һϣҲǻóһźźǰˮ֮ۼɣûʲôϡҪСĴ㣬̾һǻڵ³ǺԵǳ
ϺֱץѾ֪ҶĹۣѰɢҲȫȥԱͽá
һץȥץ˿մϲƵĺȴȻɷԲǻóһڴֱȡ
һƵһ߷ŵһЩͨһϾĳλʹȻֵ֮ġ԰֮ʹȴһ˿ݰԵԼ죬Ǻɫ־ȻƮƮ˻㱼׼ץķһߵҵֶδྶͥ
һһҶĻûģվȻ䳤һ̱սվĵ涼ۼɼ⵶ȷһ֮
һ̸߾ٹ漴ǰ̤һ͵ڵϣϸ߾ٵĳ˳ǰһնһ쳣Ļߣ漴ųһɫ͸¶ǿɱľ޴⵶£ǰգۼͳ嵽ǰ
Ҷĵǰһų⵶Ȼɼһжô٣ҶļҲ̾Ȼ׼
ȻۿŵųɫֵУϵǺɫһڣҲˣƬǺɫָƽȻһץץҶ
ʲô
ҶĻģѾʹͫƳһȻ׼ȴκβǿµĺ֣Ȼϵȴһ
Լȡ˵֮ܵеʮȭִϰ֮Լ˳ʹɱ˰ߣҶĳǰԼҲγǿ
ԼһȻκβʹ
һգȻԾҲԷ֮ˣԶЧȻһҧһţǰϵĳҪ۽߽ǰɱ
Ƕİ߸ûᣬǺһʹͱǣƬ̼ͻָԭͣǰ˸ͷ߸һ˯ģʱˣǼͷڳ˯
ҶĿ߻ָԭ״޶СĿռռˣЦӣĪǴ򲻵ô
еЦ϶ȴǰǱڿжȻһתȻһ컡Ǻɫ֣ȻȻ٣Ǻһ̶֮ȴһ޴Դϻ˺óһξ룬ĥһ㡣
һȻû˵ߣȴҲ۵֨죬ǱеͷһʱȴȫˣһɲŭſѪڳҶŭҪ㣡
ֻ۾ûҶͷֽǰһСӰӣȻҶĳ嵽ǰ׼ͷּһơ
ҶʹƿɲǵǰɣһǾĸҲᱻҶĳ࣬ϸûаҲʲôƣֻͨͨһĳдͷ֮ϡ
¡¡ľֻΪǰͷײʵȴҶһ֮ɡ
ҶĻеͷȻȥ漴һȻ֮ȴǴͷڵϷǵҳһ
ҶĵƲˣǰһ˻ڰ֮ϣһѾ׷ٴγͷǰһͷôҲŲˣԴίڵ̧ҶĵĿҲԵĿ־塣
ϧƾκҶģҶҲ飬ΪλҶһֱŷšɱвطҡּǧ׷ɱߣڿ˸ǲ֡
һĳǲƽƽ棬ֻһȴǰƵƷǷϵʱҲûзʲôȻ죬һͷ֮Ϻͷһίڵأ۾أԵţȴϢ
һҲҶĵĿƷˣʼɽɳûþдƷ档
ɽ磬ƷǵûбҶĶΪԽߣչֳҲԽǿᡣ
ڴͷϣֻôͷһƤ˶ûɣȫ˴ǿۼףֱӽǿᾢͽڣͷĳһ̯࣬Ҳѻˡ
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ȴôһṦҶֱƣȡ˴ߵһͷ޲
ҲҶʵɽ֮ʱʵΪȻа˸ͷָ־ǳ˻ûǸ߸ƽﶼڳ˯ոʱǲЩ㱡
һҶȻһ㣬ǵʱɲ͵ϮһοɲһˣҶҲܷŹôõĻᡣ
ϰ߱ˣһֲʵȥ˲ĳɣҶһ˼Ҫ˴˺ǰһ̻ôһҶһ¾͵ϮҲǶôϡ顣
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ޣƾʹʲôҴһŻΪãȻÿλжԷֻôһ㣬ǻٳɶ
õĺãΪͥһҲǲܣֻŸճ񽫣ޣЩеңԶʱòȥ롣
ͬʱ߯˹ҲһֱվһԹۿϮʱѾȡȺ֮ŭʱŭһһָҲ˺ϳһ˲۳һտš
ȷǹţħʸȴǰ߯˹Ⱥ֮ŭ´һСʸ
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ٿ棬̳⻪ɢƲȵ̳ɢȥﻹĵֵӰӣȻ߯˹һͨ˳̡
ʱ򰢶߯˹΢ŲȻЦЦǱߵŲһ
ߴ֣ҶǱҲ塣
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һܹһ漴ԣץסպ죺ˣȻҲηӦֽһֻ⶯˴룬˦ɳȥԶֻɿ;һᡣ
תһƳٺɫĺͷͱץȴѾûˣգ̾ô£κڿûעС£ȻѾˡȥôҲͲʲô˼ˡ
һ㳣˵Ļһйްɣ
˳һ׽ǺͷһԣҶָ߾ٹֱ΢΢ȭʳָָһ⻪貣ȻָСĹâȴ֮ܶԺӣϵ̫һĿ
ҶĽһָ⣬漱תһ˿Ҳʱİ̸оϤѹȸУ¾Ҫߡ
κҶǰ˺һ󣬼䱾Ͳ˴룬ʱҶȻƬ̹߾ȻҲûˣֻƬ̵ĹҶڽھϣ½ɱʩ˳
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ɫɫҲûбģڳ˶һƬɫУֻѦʹֻǶã֮ûκ˺֮⣬ǸҶص㡮աһλûôˡ
ֻһ˲䣬ռпռɫɢ˿ʱ̺ܶǶ̵˻ɸղŵһĻǲԼĴ
ɼô̵ʱ䣬ҲԷܶˡȵɫȥ֮ɽ»ָһƬƬտòԭռ˺ôռǸߣһƬɫȥͬʱһʧˡ
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ղһĻ֪ǻþǰȴȻʧ뵽Ψһܾܵˡ
ʵϡ
ҶĽٹͷ˻һ³Ű߸ղռ֮ãһĨ΢Ц
߯˹ѾߵԣҶĵЦݺ֪ҶɽϵʱͽһиϸĽ˵һ顪ȻʲôһģҲʲô򽣻һһۣȴһ㣬ǾֻҪɫ䣬ô˵ʹҶ֮ˡ
ҶĸղһⲫҪʹ˷ĵĲ˲ʹ򽣹һԭҶȻܹٴʹɱˣȴ⾹ȻҪһʱžͷ˵ʹʹġ
԰ߵʵֳԹһеĿͷһԼǰƻԶݣΪ˷ֹҶĲŻô
ܹʹôУﻹô鷳ֱһкɱɸɾһ˰ˣҲǻãȻ鷳Щܹǽǰɱˣ
һȥǰ߻¾֮࣬ҶһǿƥҲֻмһ˲ͳױȻÿһƬÿһûѵе³Ǽ֮߾ͱޱնɱΪϸ΢ķ۳۸ϸ΢׵Ĵʧ
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תͷ˿߯˹һƽƽı飬¸ղʩչһһЩȴҲûʲô״Ͼղһֻȸ
ȻǾͻɽ𣿡
Ȼ
ʵϰ߯˹ϣܹҶңȥĴתתֵһֱȥҲ֪鲻ܣҲͰա
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߯˹΢΢һ⣬ҲԾ¶ЦݣȻ΢ɲĵ˵ͷͬʱǻس֮·ҲΪڴ
˼仰Ĺ˾عͷʱѦʹվ﷢㶡˻ûŪ׾ôء
Ҳų䱸ҲûŪ״ֱҶ˵˾䣺ǰѾҺ촷ۣԺҲܻˣ
˻һѦʹֻƬ̾˱У˶һıңԽŽС
ȴһ޷ţ˺þ޷ŵĿҶģɳ˵Ѿǰɱˣ
̫ͻأҲѹ޷ţ
ǽܼһֱǰ߻ǰܶʤ٣ԼĵܵܺȺ߸ȻޣȴҲӵм־¡
һֱ̫Ͼ¶ո֮󣬲֪֮ʤǰԼȻԸˣȴҲǱ˶Ը˵ĴڣôҲû뵽ǰλϹˡŪһƬɫͽκβõİɱˣһǺ촷ۣҲٴϣ
ĲˣҶĵ˵ͷһǳ϶һʵ
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ڹһѣͨ죬վ﷢ʱһ󡪡ϾԼװĵܵöڰ߿Уñ鼤»ʧ̬Ҳ
ҶġԼѦʹ󶼲ǴˣȻ˭Ҳû£ֻûƼĨĨˮ۽ǣȻЦŵʹλȥǱжȥɣ
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ңе棬ĪɽɵĳӣɿҶĵɫô򵥡
Ҷĳӣ
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⻰һǰģҲǴ˵ѦʹһѦԵδǻǵͬ·У
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֮ҲǱ߻ȥȥҲνȥ˺ôҲһҶҲظ
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һȦȻ˶ҪȥҶˣͻȻͷ˵ʲô
һŹ𷼶ڶڲͣͻȻһ磬ţɢˣôȴ˳


169 ж
˾һȥôҪǸţΪڳ˾ûһŴѶģֻøķӡڸ۵ĵطԣŹ𷼽鿴ͿԿԣ֪ǵȥ
ڼǽϿֵʱ򻹷һ⣬ǾзһȽСɽԼֻǼ׼ĴСȴѷ˲Ӱ˵Ķ
ҶĿ˿д඼һЩʱҪõķߵҩϣҲǰռôҪʲô
вٶմȾ˷ǳŨͥ˵ûʲôáԭԵ̫ϾߵʱûнЩգ
Ҷǲ޵ģöҲ˷ѣɽȥ׼ɽɾзӽЩأ
οҶ뷨ͥɶͬһֿõֻҪͿʹãҪǿʹõķŰˣ
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һŵʮȭ΢һ㣬ѩףʺϸǷŵ⣬ֻǿ֪⽣
ڵ¸۾ųתƬ̺ȵĵ⽣̺ȻʮȭҪǿǲ˼飡
һָͣǵиλãۺ󽫳ǰϸ˿֣֮֮ƣ
ҶһһȣϣǴ˵еƽȥȴòԾƽĴ˵ڵ϶ˣڵʱڵʱҲǱŵô
ûѰ˼ףǱȴһԭǵܵᵽǱ֮ƣ

Ҷʼ򣬿˴ˡ
Сɽгջ֮ʯϿһǳ۵飬Ȼһصɽƶһ̸ŻȻҶ˽⵽֮ô
ԭ˽ǰߵıյĵ֮ܵе֮ʱʮȭȴʼ˲ߣһҪԭǰÿ֮вɱһŹ⻪ĳ֮ƴɱ
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Ҳ˵֮Ʊǰߵ彣Աʱ򳤽ڿУʱŻࡣ
ǺϾΪ뱩¶ݰ߾ͰͬʱСڲһЩ󷨡Ҷһʼû֣Ϊи󷨣ȵһ߱ڻ󷨲ɢŷ⡣
ô룬ǳһЩС⣬˿ܾҪЩˣҶЩؼҲ̾һҲǸԵǳ֮ˣ
ֻȻ㿪ԼЦĵվңΣɺò˵һ֮˾̤ǹɽ
һ̤ڰУҶһֺȵĻ˱ĺˮеĴֱ͸裬˶һ顣
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ֻǾù죬һԵȴɫҰףȻﻳȡһȻڲϣдʣȻֻǴųһ⻪ɫźÿһЩ
ûϵɣ
ҶѾƳնֻ˲ӦʵӦýֻŮطǰɵͿԵ֪һҶΪƣѾԳ棬޷
Ѧʹ֮һû£߯˹ֻֻͬȽΡ
ʵܵӰ컹ǱȽСģϾӵĵطͥȺȫҪһ㣬ɼȱΪֻҲǱȻġ
⴮رЧܹԼȶǶպһЩӴ˾ҪʹսҪ֡
һСǰУһ߽˽ҶֻǶ˾䣺Ȼˣ֮ʱĪҪǿˣ
˵ҶҲͼǰУûȰ˻ȥҲƳȻǸŮӣƢҲΪǿԼȰҲûãαӵ飿
ûϵһԵİ߯˹Թ˺һͻȻأ

ǸŮʲô뷨ȴǼҶһֱĶģ߯˹еζǶɽѩ߻ҲͲ˵ʲôˣŮ˲ʶãôҲôģҶǲʲôͼˡ
ҪһǣҶʶԼʱҲûŮӸ߰еʱƺںЩվǸŮˣĸŮ˲ϣԼİ˶һЩԼ
ǰûЩҲ⣬˶ѾյһȻǵǰ̬һЩҲԽע
ҶĿЦһ£ǰƥ˹ɽǵѶû׼ҸҺ𣿡
ֻ⻰Ҳ˵ֻΨΨŵŵ˵һû߯˹ס£ⷬΪúƵȤգգ۾һ󣬲ԾЦһ¡
ҺɽлΪ죬ЦԼˣȵѦʹְֳ׻ޣˮ۷ųĵâǰ·һ󲻼ΣգҲ΢һЩ
䱸ţȻ˵ʲôҲΪɣ˫۾ȴתҲСĹ۲˫ֿȻĴಢ΢ڶʼԼıңֻҪһ㲻Ծλº̾ܳӦԡ
Ҷĵ۾߲ʱ任ֹͫûҪܳʲô͵Ϯһ̾ͻᱻոɸɾ
ֻⷬСĽȫùɽԼĪСʱ˶챻ѹֵŪе㷳ʱȴǰͻȻһȻ߳ɽˡ
ɽгҶķּһͷ۲죬ּ߳طȻǸ۵СǸɽͺڵһΧһտԶȴһƬƬľЩľɫҰҶѪɫľྶͥ
ҶĻоеһЩľ͸¶Ѫ֮ЩֲҲʲôƵĴڡ
߯˹Ҳڹ۲ΧһͻȻطҵĸоܲҲϲüͷ˿ûе
Ҷı΢о£ȷĲ죺Ҳôϲ
磬ҲҶĵʵܵʲôӰ죬ЩϲԵ֮Ҫǳˡ
Ҳ˵һǵ磬Ҫķѱȴƽһѹ־ŮﲻԸ˵Ǹͷˡ
󻹰ѦʹУȷȽʺȫ˽ɱսʽ
΢£ҶķԼܵӰ죬Ϊȫۣǽ֮ƣͬʱҲûлӰ졪ɲҲ鷳Ǻ߻ָĶҪЩȻöٹû٣ǻָҲǼΪѡ
Ҷȴ£ȫԳлָĵĹҲûбҪ޷ָĵľ
ǡһĻҶĶ˶٣һЩ˵
ճһȻа˳ǲϲϣЩ鷳
ѦʹҲһԸڴ˵ضȻĻӰ죬ģʱʱһ绮գԼΧЩ͹Ź֣ɫҲϲֲﶼò
ֽƬȡһһ⻪âƬƮɢ۳һ˵ģ
۴ˣźɫͦΡһžϵĹһͲһҶҲ޵࣬ȴݵʲôĶûױһվͷͳˣ
˶ҶⷬȻвͬ⣬ΪͬģѦʹΪҶĽϷ֮ģģòԼԽ˺ӵʵȷס
ҲǸǵСĪǸˣѦʹƣôҲ飬ͷе֡
Ҷȴ¼֮˺ֻ֮ࣿƾòƳ˺ûɾͼ򵥵Ķˣ
Ѧʹ룬Ҳô㲻̸£ƣòμסȻ۵󽥽䵭ʧ
ˣӦô
Ҷ룬漴ȡңĹԿƾⶫѰͽ񣡡
˶ûͷֻĴϹһˣҶȴͻȻԼͫзͨͨеǿԿԵ֮Ķң֮ٲѾϵҲԼƾͫʲô
Źй⻪һʱ߲ʰ쵵ĺòƯֻǹƬ̺ҶȴŹһԣֻǱ۲Щʲô
˼ҲҴţ˭ǲƼʲôʱ˼
ʵϣҶĵȷ˺ܶණǴ󲿷ֶңЦĻŹ¯ǰӺĿֳңȷϲԡҲϲˣ˵ʱǷĵ׵Ҳϣ񶼱ҶĽ˹
СӣͲõģ
ҺҲȫãļԾͺңȥйء⼸ɢɢ϶Ҷķ˼˺һŽЩһѶңɵֵĻи
һңڿޱߴԼƬ½زǶ孺ңĻ档
һµĶҶȴѾҵϤĻ棬ǰ߳ѨƬ
һҶ⣬ңƴɱҶң򽣾ȻһҡκͲƵĻϵһȥΨһԿ϶ǣңȷǱ˴˰ߵĳѨˡ
ǹʱ˿߽ɽ͵ǻ죬ʱȻ˲
󼸸Ϊ֣ҶľȻŪңǱ˴˻Ǵ˿ŽĻ˽ģʵͷۡ
Ϲ⣬ңȥҲǺͷֻƾŹң֮һ˿ϵԼԼҶĸеӦĳǰȽȷ
һָҶľ˷򣺡ӦǸ򣡡
˼ͷҲԶ˶ǰʲôΣգվ߶֪ŸİҶվ˾ϣҲʰ̧ž׼Ǹߡ
ǻû̧ţﴫһŲлղϼǴɢģٿ㣬ʲôȴȥ
һȴƺںǰһ˵ϣԭҲˣʲôӲıӣȻ˵ˣǸϹֵҲͱˣʲôҲһҵģ
ϹӣҶȻһ𣺡ôһַǳǿҵļӸУ
ǡڴʱһͻȻܳһѪɫͷͷ˫ǵһôˣͣסΣȻվڲԶ迴ҶһС
ǰţ˵֮Ҳд˳뾹Ȼôˣһʱ˶ԭأྯĴš


170 ΢Ĵ
ͻȻֵļ˭ûվԶҶļҶļҲڴǣֻ⼸˵ȴҶһ
ȳǸͷľȲˣ˴űȽưܣҲӦûֻһ꣬ȻϺޱ飬һģȴ͸¶㹻ĶȻǸˣȻƵĺܺãվ˵֪
ջĿǱһƣҶĿ⼸˵ģֱӾЦˣ
ԭΪ⼸˵ģ
߳ˣһģһ˵վһͷмŻҰ׵ĳһֱʣԼ¶ŵǺɫĻƣûдʲô·ֻһòΧϣҲǵġ
˫һûд˫ţȫ˲ֺͬһ˫׺ݵצӣֻ;֪ж׺
ĿһŲǸвԶĵطվˣλǰǳì಻֪˼Ρ
ȻλϴҲͦͨǺôɸɾģ·Ȼƽȴλ൱׵ʡ
ˣòΣ޳Уֻһ˫ۣǰǸϹӡˡ
ϸ£һͷڷͷԴྐྵȻǣǺ췢겻ͬǸ췢Ľϳ˶ͷǰ£ƽų
ͬʱǲΪ۾ϹԵɣ˾Ȼ䣬һ飬Ȼһſŵصġ
ʱǸоʲôȻתͷҶһݵ΢Ц˿ûΪеֵǡ
ԵǸ߻ԸһЩһͷɫͷһë׶ĸߴӣ·һ̶ȣҲжϲŮȫ䱸˫۾͸¶˼ɱ⣬ĿҲͣҶһȺ˺Ǹϲͣ߮
һĺ췢꣬ʱѾ׵ı˺Եˡ
˰
аһҶĵ۾Ҳ΢΢һֱͫ΢һתֱӽһȦֵĶ˼֡
Ǹ׷޶ĹȻǸһֻ׺һ˿ûص˼ǸϹͬѧһҶĸеȤȻۣԼȴתУҲ֪Ļûһôġ
ǸУһޱȣ˿ټϵǿҲԶǿС
ҶǸ췢꣬ʱȻǿȴһɱΧеҪӴġͳ֮ģƺ޷ӳܹӳĪ˵ɵҶһҲǲС
ƳһҶļΪȣþԼ˰ţžսеëʱϵ񣬾Ȼðͽͷ
ҺǵôΪ£һЩԭ򣬾ͽҲڡҶȴãһ֪⼸һﵹˡ
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ǸƺΪûκԥ׺һͬȥֻ˲ŸԾ𣬾һϷʵߵ𣿶°ɣ
һǰ׺ûȥƾ֪˭ˣֻһ뵽ܣɫͱøѿӻڰյʱ͵תȻһ̧һɫĲҶȻжȻþ޴뵶һֱȥ
ҶֶΣƲ£ѵܵǵطȥˣ
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һǺ𣬾кݺݽһƵأҶĶǿԽֲеƺΪ棬̧۾ɫֲ˼ۡ
Ȥ
˻һǺɫͱøѿˡҲǣԼڶԷоֻȤƻ˭ҲøˣƢĻԼܵ衣
˵Ҳ˰ˣǸϹҲʱ͵ˣȻһ˦һһĶһԵĳżƺҪ˳ƶֵУ
Ҷ֪ǴԼԲֲͷ־ͿʹøֶָߣܱյӲƴĺá
ֻϧҶĸᡣ
վסĳôͼһɫ͵ĴлնΣǺ꿴ԼƻʧܣȻֽǶϵһӣȻʲô
ֻûüʩչ;úһ𣬽ǰһڣӿˤ
Լô£Ա˶ƵһϹӻҶĲڴʱҶζȻһֱǺüĶǺ裬һϵжһ붼ûõȻƵȴҲһŷӦ
ʱǻվŵϹͬ־ԼԶĳͬ־ͷ϶кˮ£ΪҶƽǿɲĵˡ
ǽҪһڴˣ
ʱλϹӻܹһݴݵȣҶĸ߿˼ۣҲ˶ˡ
Զĳצ˫Ѿ˿ָһЩ΢žߣҲãԼʵΪš
ϹǹЦ䣺û뵽һȴҪ㲢ս»
ƲƲ죬ӦȴһֱվڶǸ췢꺰һˣ⼸һﲻôöԸҪ֣
ϧǣǸ췢ᣬذ鶼ûվﶯҲֻǿһȺ˴һš
ӣƲ죬ȻѦʹƳ˼ۣƺǵ⼸ͻȻ֡
ҶĽĶȫУʱȻڵصģǲ֣
𣿡㶣漴˵˼ǶԼʵΪţֻƾһ˾Ϳ԰ʰˡ
ȻҶĵ˵ͷͺ˵Ƿǳƽһһһ֤֮ԼĻôȷ
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ڿԼĶӻ鴤ƽһΣ˿ͻȥˣʱܱѾҶĺǾȣŶûȥ
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ôң뿴ҵģԺеǻᣡ
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ǸȻɵۣѾʧȥжҶתͷһǸϹУҪ𣿡
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Ŷ
ңղŵĻ㲢ûɱǼ˵˼תڵϵǸͬ飺ҵͬҲֻǻȥˣʼû֣ܹԼѵĺǳƽȣȻ֪ûܵʲô˺
ټϸղҶ˵Ǿ仰Ѿжϳǿ˲׼ɱǣһͻȻǳ֣ʲôҪȥ
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ҲƳ⼸һﶼĸ֮ҪԼ£͵չ¶һЩѹǵֶΡ
㡮ĺҶĵ˵ͷȻص˵УʱѾ⼸ӵǸϹеȷǸˣղһ֮󣬹ҲҶƤһܵˡ
תͷǸ췢꣬λȻһֱվﲻ뿪ҶĶֵʱҲûŲֺҲƵףҶĵʵ̫ǿǸûгûӵĿܡοֲֻҶһˡ
ֱҶ˻˾䣺ΪʲôͻȻˣ
Ҷ˵ĶԻ˵ĲףҸղҶͻȻְǶһ⼸ͻȻðļһ֪ѶǼ£ôλҶͻȻֽ˶
˶˼Ƭ̾Ͳ³˴⣬ֻ÷˼ҶĻֱӿѯ
ҶЦŽڴ˵ز죬ʲô򶼲ãץôж
漴ָָѦʹ󣺡˵ԵģѦҪ֮ǳģ֮һͷûУʱǱһ֪ҲһЩǣ
һͣͷ
ʱһֱûŲûпڵǸ췢꾹ȻߵҶǰѦʹ䱸Ҷȴ̴̵վһ΢ЦĿ꣬һֱȵߵǰҲûа䱸˼ƺƳ겻һ
췢ߵҶǰȻϸһҶģ÷ǳӲ˵һ䣺ǿ
ҶʼȻ꣬ƺڵĻ
Ȼ췢ֻƬ̺ͼ˵ԼĻҲҪĺһǿ󣡡
꣬ҶͻȻļģҪǿĻôͰҰ켸£Ȼһǿģ
һ仰˵꣬Ҷע⵽Ǹ˫۶Ȼ˼֣ҶĵĻǳ˷ܡ
ҶĽĻȴΧļȫȻҲǣֻҪܹҽףǶԱĸǿ
⼸˵ʵҲ㲻϶ǿԱһԼĪɵˮ׼ҶİܵôɴҲ⼸ǱҶĴʱҪϤ˵ص˰˲ջ󡪡һҲǾİԼǣ
תͷѾվĳк˹ĺжſƺǲôĻ
ҶĲںֻҪ⼸˵ȷﵽôȷԼĳŵҶһֱΪԼôУҲ֪Զš
ȽָҰɣ
ƺҲԼǱӵˣĿǰΨһĿܾǰǿ£ҪúٿʱҶҪɱǣƺҲûзأҲߵı⼸λȻûоʲôף
Ҷĵȴü˻ƣǰ׺˵˾䣺û֣
ţû֣Ҷе죬һԵĺ췢꿪ڽ
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˵ȴҶһ⣺ô˵νĸߵȴڣ
췢û˵ǸҶĿ˿˾䣺ĪǾνĸߵȴڣ
췢ֱӷһ㣬ȻһҲѪͬʱҲȵ˵Ǳǻ΢ĴڣҪǿԭ򣬾ҪЩνĸߵȴڸڽ£


171 
Ҷ֮ǰӦķǰʱѾͨ⼸ˡ˷֪Լŵ
һǳǿĴڣǿ£зǳǿƵ֮һпһͳģ
ϹеĽҶĵüͷ΢壬ƺȽϷǰͨľңȷǿСҶûϵ־Ȼǿ̶ֳȣĻңɵΪ׶༪ˡ
ȻΪɾʹùģϾĵӣοԼʵҲš
߯˹ҲķסֱۣȻģƺڰοҲƺڸľƥ˹ɽر𽾰ĴڣҲὫνʲôǿаɣ
Ѧʹûֻ̫࣬ͨһСмȺǸ桪ǸʯȻѾˣǸȴӳԺУǸƬʱֽһСӡѦʹУʱʩչǽ֪Ǹ
ĺôǡϹӻȪԺпǸ˵ģ˹ۿ֮ҡҡͷûмӦǺеλˡߺߣ
ǸЦ˼ƺ˵Լ˲Ǳ΢Ĵڣôܻʶִ
һ·ͣͣҶ⼸ż˵ĻȻֻǸϹ۵ĺСĽû͸¶̫ϢǸ췢ͳȴûнµĽǼ˵˵˸
⼸УкϹԼǾʶǳɭרϮˣǿǵĲżҲһЩѰ֮һǳ֮ҲҩĻ߷Ĳϡ
֮Ҳ϶Ͼо仰˵ĺãͬԩңοסôΧҲдƬص˳ͻ޷ģΪʼʱ˻š
Ǹ췢꣬ϹǼ˭Ҳʶ췢ǰ⸽ס˵߶Ҳǡþײ顣
վҶײһͬʱϹǼһΪҶĵġ²
˵һĻ˶ûоƣڳûһͨˣһֱȥҲ޷ż·˭ҲûȥϢ顣
Ҷ˵һͻȻֶûУƽôƺ
ȪЦЦͽгëë֮ģ
ëëǺǸУëĳƺΪͷڰ׼ӣԲŻƺ
꣬Ǹеı壬ΪҲǺʣλ˿ɻԼ⣬ֱӾ˵ҡ󲿷˶ẰϹӣ
ҶˣıȻɣƺҲûʲôһĲġ
Ƭ̣ȻӸжôǿˣɽҲCOSôˣҲô֡
ȻҲѪһʼ⼸ˣһǿҵĸо⼸ȫչ鼺ãɽҲһӪʡ
׻˵ĺãߣ
Ҷĵɽɽи̫ǳͥѺùϵԼ޾˵ɽվסŸͥҪǷأ
ûǾУ͢ͶµʿΪɵʱʱҪһɽǻԵɺʵΪӣҲٲñݺݴһΡ
ۣͥʵϲĻʵȻ޿κΣʰһȱ󲿷ֶǿͥάֵɻûʲôġ
ҶĿɲϲԼˣʱǰ¶ĵطƯͶ˿ٱԺ˼ֻһҲ㣬ǸطȻصܱ֤һᱻ˷֡
ԶԤطչǺ£磬ȻܶطʺɽɣΪ֮صҲʵĽǰżɽɱȽѺõƺǸѡ
Ǹ췢꣬ԻһǿĴڣҲһƬԼʱɽʲô鷳˱˴ҲӦһ
ҶĺᴳͷΪǹǿ㹻ģοҶĽ̵ôӣԼĽ̵Ҳ˼ǿţôõ츳Լλʦ벻ͷضѡ
᲻гɺȥ硭ûǰ˵ǷǸĵ㹻Թ̫಻ˣֻҪ΢һ£Ϳһˡ
ͬʱҲֵ£һ£⼸˵ĵһ£Ǹһһ֡
ΪģҶֻΪ˳ƺ㡣
ȻˣҸһһְɣ
˻һ⼸뽫ĿתҶϣǸһζϹǸݵ΢Ц۴裬ƺ˼ҶľʲôĿģǸҶصĺ췢ꡭɴ࣬Ȼɺޱ飬ȴµͷӦһã
ҶĽ⼸˵ķӦУ֪Ҫշ⼸˲ô׵飬⼸ӦϰɢļһԼó㹻Ķĺô»ˮһգ
ҶĲ㹻ĳ⼸˰Լŵ·ȥߡ
лȪָָϹС
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⼸˵Լ֣󶼱ʾ⣬ֻлȪ˵˾䣺л֣ǷԽԼݸǣ
һ·ҶȻһֱǼ˵ʼûнԼ˵ȪҲ֪鲻ǿġ
ڲͬҶ̬ⷬԾҪǵɣôʱԺɾͲûˡ
ͺһּۻۡ
ȻҪǣôó㹻ĳ룬֮ǰҪȷһ㾿û㹻ĳ룿
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ЩҶĻûվΣҪԺ۲Ľ
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צʺϰצһ·µʱҶľͽӥצڸֻǲ֪ʲô뷨Ҷ󻹴һС
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ڵϰߣһֱʱˡʵƳ֮ǰĵֻɫ֮ͬŹ̶ۣԻΪۣ
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죬ҶıǾ䣺ȻѪȴӲɤûܺΪ¥ǸԳƸסˣһȷ˾䣺㸸׽ʲô֣



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侲֮Ҷ˼ľǣǱ˻˵ĳŵһܵļһðģ
ȻԶźôһءִ죬˭ǲĸʼʵ۵ķ˿ܵCOSPLAYˣϾҲû涨ֻɽɵ˿棬治ˣܻǺܴġ
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Ҳһֱû˵Լݵԭ֮һΪûҪֻһ·ļһˣòͶܶࡣ
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ֻƽʹõıУǾôһȻһûԹʲôҶѦʹϾ˵ʱ֪˽ҲдѦʹˮۡ׻ҲκβһƽƽĻꪣɼλѾһ˳õ˳뻯ĵز
ʱ֮ǰһƽ۹ɨģȻ˵ѰУ˫ɨɨȥĵȷӰ󣩣˫оȻս⣬ǾȻ΢΢𣬿бһȤļһ²ɱ֮
ֻƾҪԷһֻһеͻȻҶһĪĸоôͻȻˣ
ѦʹһԽ͵ºǿͬΪսϵͽˣ
һ˵ҶĲע⵽ѦʹһַŰ׻޵ձ׻ϲϡһҲʱʱǱȥҲˣ
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ֻҲе棬ܱ߳սʶǴĳģĪĳƫԶĴ󽫣ҪĻ
Ȼ˼ѾվҪԼҲ֮ˣολ˵Ŀ湻ġ
ع̫ξհ𣡡
һ仰˵ĲûжôҲûöôصȥǿôƽƽڳһͨ顣
⻰һҶġѦʹɵ
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Ҷҡҡͷǣ漴ҽһɽҶģ
ԭɳһ֮𣡡˵ͷԾΪһ̫ξ̫ξɲܹܵõǸΣǴȨյʵȨ߹٣һûҪһֻ̫ǵͷ£֪ϽеɼŵλΪߣϾɽ硪ɽӦ硣
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һͱʵˣȻᱻͱ԰Ȼƾôһԭ佣гͱ˳
һʣ̴һѪ⣬ǳһƶͨѪ죬Ѫƣ΢һЩǿŵѪζǳʱͲһ㣬ͻȻѣζл֮Ч
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΢ƶЩһ֮󣬰˳𳤽ǡõסĵڶ¹
ס֮󣬶ǸһﶨȻ˥ߣԼͿԳ۽ǰȥսǳɾ;ˡ
ȴԼĺܺãȴһֲľֻ˻ûʲôԼľͳϸŵѪɱȻ࣬һ㶣˾ȻһĲӬƵɨĺ˳ȥ
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䶨֮󣬰ӦҺ֮˰ɣʲô֣
ȣҲûٹվε᳤ꪣͦҽܡ
Ҷʱʲôȥһ̧ͷ
ֻϧҶģĽѾռ˶ԷʶԼıˣȻղ㣬ĪҪС˺ˣҲöԱʵЩ˽⣬ټ
ЦЦǰȷС㣡ˣΪҪȫˣֽ𣬰ڿӦԡ
ȴ϶˵˾䣺񽫣ٲҵĶˣ˵꾹Ȼϧҡҡͷϧ粻֪Ȼʲ񽫣
ʲôʱȻĺˣֻλżһ䱸ʵǸģ
££ɶһɨһƺľÿϧ˵˻̾˼
û뵽Լûȫ̾ȥͱһ仰˻ұܰҵ𣿡



174 Ϣ
ûͷûβһ仰Ǻ˵˺һӲŻع˾䣺˭

ҶһֱҡͷһΪΪ
ôҲû뵽ûʮӣʱֿʼ߶ˣһĩսȻƺдȶȴŮ鳤ûûˡ
Ҳǣ˵ʲôͽʲô
ƲƲ죬ҶջסûвڣǱੲݵĺͰ˭֪Ӧùѧʷѧ⡣
˵˺һ󣬶ǰɫԽԽѿʱŪԭһŮӣһһ輿С檣
ȻغʱŮӵλô£ʵŮӵλҲֻӸΣζ㣩ҲҪֳġ
ֻһŮӰˣαô⣡
˵ŻʱҲͲʱǰͣе㿴ĸߴġ
ѰŮӲͬ˵Ҳе㲻죬ϱѾɿĻ˼֣֮һַһٰʮȵķתƺҪ
ƣ󽫳䣺㲻Ҷ֣ûȤٺˣ˵ָ¥ֻҪ뿪
ϧͷ򲻴ɲǰ˵飬Ȼսʣһ˵Ͳ𣿡´һ磬⼸ǰȥгɫһƬù⻪ֱӾͽ˽ȥ
һβԳһֳõĶôǿᣬ˸Ʋõһ˻ꪣֻܿһƬƬѤֱȥΨһȷľƬõĹ⻪㣬̾˵ص³
İҲû뵽Ȼŭ⹥ȸղ˼ִ֣Ӧ¾Ȼѹ·磬ûлع
ĪҪʶô
һȣ漴ѪֱӱŲ漴һ̧֣Ѫ⾹ȻһһѪɫꪣȻҲǳѪɫɱ۳һ
ֻҶĵ͸¶ƽ֮дΪͬȻûʲôװΣƽƽ棬սʱıϸеĻĻžͺһ˴ǹһС֦ǿɲɱȴ˲
һ̾һգѪֱӽУһʹи಻ռϷת۵ĹͱѹƵֻܱأȻԻӭУ
ʱ˲ʶǰλȳһδһܵĳţˣҪǣɲ֪˶ˣһΪɲ·ܹġ
ټһ󣬹͵ڰϣϾǰ˿ɲʲôĴ֮һսɱ˲֪ˣɱĶսϵĵˣ֣ҲǱλһˡ
ƼӦ죡ȪȻǶģֻǼǰôǿве㵣һܣǼֻʲô³Ǽ˴ʱûΪԼԾĵزǼ֡
߯˹ҲôģҶĵ²Ĺ۲ǹѪɫɱаֹѪѪԵľмƣѪȻѪ죬̺ȴǲõȴڲ֮
һҲ˵˭˭ӣѪζǣѪлԼɼ棬ǹֲҶĵѪԿɲ˺Զ뵽ɱ֮Ǵ¾ϵĹ൹ǸһЩһѪͻԶԵеĳˡ
߿ĳ񣬰ҲûгֵͷԱߵѦʹȴ̲ȥˡ
Ҫ˵⼸˭ϵãƾѦʹˣ˼ǰŵܷΪ񽫣Ϊ񽫺һ߶ƽΪͬĴӾͬҲһЩ˽á
ѦʹʱҲ̲סһ̧ͽ칭УȡƼ˸һ˳ȥ
ԹǵŮıȻףȻѦʹʵҲĲ𣬿ⱦǰҲӦƳһ׹ƿն̾һܹѸ׵һ
ΪһһգҲһ٣ڲѪеҲԴϢһ͸ߴ;ȻֱһȦ漴лһսΧѪ⾡˿ȥ
ʱҶע⵽ɨ֮Ѫ类Ȼʳһһ飬վѪ⵱еȴ˫Ŀ죬ݺݵһȻһģ
һȣꪶͷǰһң˳ϾȻһĺںâǰЩǿ˲֪١
һճİҲһȻӲƴˣһȻ˵Ŀ죬ϱѪɫɱͱɨȻһ±ࡣ
ʲôȻҵɱ
һȴƲˣǰ׷˼һꪴ̳
һ°ɾûˣгǰһݣȻ׼ʱ͵һǡõ˴ĻϣȻһתһ顪ϵĺ֦ǰ裬ȻսʱĳꪻֻǸΣһЩꪵ÷ѾȷˣԷҲֱĹá
ΪԼƾΪʵ׾ٵ飬ǵһʹŷ֣Լʹţ뺣һ㣬붼ûӰֻܵһСְˣܽߣ԰һ龹ȻûܳȻ˳ҲһһȻĿֲЩðԼĳꪶˡ
ôһҲǴŭԴӳɨϣ֮ʱʹ༸عһ֮Ȼȥȴƾ׷ű֤겻ǲֻأԱѪɱ硣
ǧ飿ֱǶ衪ҪǰĻһ񽫣
ʱľãЩҲȥϽ硯һЩȫȻ֪֪ͥƾһһЩȥģޣԼͲִڷ
ͥеЩǿһԼȼ磬ʲôȻҶԼУ
ŭ֮£ѪƷ˸ͿĨϺһѪһ޺죬һ£Ǹ˳ҲǱޱѪ⣬ԼͶУѪƻһѪɫľ޼룬֮˵Ʋˡ
Ѧʹһ׻޾ҪǰȻ״ֻӾ֪Կ֪ԼʵޣˮۻӦò̫⣬ȴӻûԱҶľһֽ̧
صģûд£
ƲҶȴƵͫʱΪõģȻѪסȴûʲôΣգǹֵƺлĹЧѪȻͣȻκβ
㿴ʵԶֻô򵥰
һҲӷʲôڿŵΪı̬Ҵʱƺ޷ٿܹٿˣʵҪΡ
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һնļ׼ǡýͰ˿ޱ߽ϳĳβͻԼһ࣬޷ֻվתͷ۴Ҷ
ɴݵԵǱ࣬ϵİٻսѾõĲӣǼͷжദ׸µ¶м
ͷϵϽҲˣĳɢţմѪۣôôǱ
ֻЩƤˣʵûܵʲô˺Ҷ˼۾ջĿ⣬԰˵˾䣺̫ξʲộָ
ԴҶһ֮ǰĿûƿʱתҶģϵѪɫҲָ
Ҷ˵ȴһ䣺ĳǿۣ
ʱȻƳҶһȺ֮ˣͬʱҲ֪Ҷĳţĵʼûн䵱£ҶŹǺͥʲôϵ绹ͥ񽫻š
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ûг̫ãΪֳô󶯾ҶһҲֱ֮˶ƵһѪɱصܿһѴʽƤףеʿΧ˹
Щʿŵ·ǺɫΪҲǺڣʿиӲ󣬽ҶΧڵУӲǡҶĿ󣬷ʸǷȻǺǿ󣬵ôһƬΪĻмܲס
עĲЩǿӲ󣬶ǽȺΧס֮ʿǾȻһͨ·ȻһսȺп˳սʱսԲǸԶ滹Żǹ֣
һսҲûʲôؼսŵˡһɫѦʹҪҵ˴ͬɼˣڳһƹȥ֮Ҳû˽Ҫ֮ϵ
Ϊ˵ʵ̫޴һ仰ݾԲ
ԴԲҲԲվսϣҶĶʱӳϹ
ƫƫôһһ֣ǰɱȻ󹧹ĶԳ֮񲢿ڳƣ£
ȥѵĳͷYYС˵дĶģõǧһһλӣһ¾һ˾ϲ飩ҶŶͷһ޷ŵģѦʹķӦҲǿȥ
λȻҲ֪ʼĴҲ֪ǧһ۲֪ôֿʼµϷˣһﱾ˺棬Ҫһһ֮̾ɵڵ
Բ˵ͷȻתͷҶļĿͣ¥ϣ˰β˵˾䣺ӣǱԤϵгϢһЩ


175 ػ
ͦذͷŶսϣ˵ʵģȷмǧһ۵ķ緶ֻԲģƸƻ˴룬Ҷļ˺һֻǾÿ֣һĿ¥ʱ۾гһߣͿŻǱš
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һֻƲƲû˵Ավһˣòã룬ŴԼʮֻ꣬һ˵Ϊ񣬽Ǳһ¸ȥ룺ˣعС
Ѿ̫࣡Ҷһ֪̾Ǹ̫࣬ر𻵣ֺֻ֪ûʵ۲ּһ
ƽʱҲͲ˵ʲôˣ˸ҽԼŮϣǲ֪ôд
Ҷź˪̫۹˼ɱƺӦҶۣʱ壬ƺ뵽ʲôƵأȻһͦӣǿ׳Ҷĺһ¡
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ʵҶĶڻ¹ٲû̫ƫȻ˵ʷ˵¹үǵδҲûٸ飬οֲ˵еĻ¹ٶǻˣҲĪ͵Ļ¹١
ǰּһҶĿûҪʲôɫ˻ԼҶҲǺһһ˲̫ȴһϣǰ͵һڣиһͷһ󷭹ЩһѪ
״̫һģһԵͽԷֱӽǹѹȥȻ󲻵ûжҶ˵ʲôѵ̫ʲô˹£
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Щ̫֪֪˭ҲҶȴһͫһӦϸڶûӹ˫ۡ
Ӧԣžǰ⿴źܺЦӵȷλǧһۡûѱ¹
ΪʲôԼŭǶ̫λʼʵۿҶĵʵ
ϾǰĵͬҲҪսʱڸӵĶ࣬ǸʵԴﵽһ൱ߵĲΣʼȻһǿҲӵвʵȴҲôʲôʲô
ңֻôƬѾˣǸŮƺǺʿôǣҲ˵ղǷԼð˶ԷֲǴΪһŮ˾͵һǿˣʵǷϡҪǣʲźԼǸĶӣΪʦ
ȻԼǸӵĹϵãǺôҲǸӣȥĻǰЩ˻Լˡ
뵽˴ȻϣҶĵͻЦеһ֣һֱ䡮ৡһޱȵĽйһգȻȻ˿ȥǰΧˡ
ҶһֱЩʿĶЩĶǳȻ٣ȴ˿ңɼʼʵξΪϽܹһƬɽľǿľӡ
ȵ䳷£Ҷıȭ΢ʩһ񡪡ѾˣĪ˵һطݺǿҶļҲˣȫûҪǾ֮
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˵һȻ¥һԼҲǰƺͲЩһԹԵҶĵ졣
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Ҷĵͦ죬ԼôΪʲôơȻλһƺǷֹԼ˱ˡ
˵ŻĹҶòĵ֪һȺô£ȻҲû˼ڵ֪ѦʹҲǸ֮
ԭʼԴӼ̳֮λͿʼѰγڹеһЩص伮з˰µһЩܾ
ʱ֪Ϊʲôôϲܵ˺󽫵ȫɱͬʱҲǼսΪʹһطԼԪô棬ͬʱ˰ٶ˵Ѫ԰ŻӵǳѪɱ
ȴûа취ʹţϾǵǰֲý½ȥԼЩ飬ֻѡһš
һͳȫľ޳ǽ꣬ʵϾڲһô󷨡˾֮ϣɱסԪȻĪʳ͡
ЩŴ϶ͬģֻõ;ʩչֻͬһͬЩͨͨķӡ
ɱһٶ۹ʿһѪΪʼĸ󣬽ʳ˶߼һʺûسˣ
ҶǰһֱʲôĶ̫ˣѾ˽⣬еʱȻΣƫƫ治ܺԣ
ͱһʲôͦãƫƫȥֲϣôڲûʲôҲοʱιֻҪڲҲǲ٣س̾ҲͲˡ
ֻأ֮ܳʼʺͰûмڵ򣬶硪ʱǶĹ۸вôãһģԶûаƵأϰµΪϰߡ
Ĵ˺þãǲŽȥɽתһȦǸʱʼŪԼʲôˣԭԼͰȻɽ磬ȻֵĵطֻɽӦһ硣
ܾϵķžȻ˵ÿɵ⻹־ϲǾϲ֮ȴеãýָЩʲô顣
ʼ֤Բһƽܹ֮˼һͳ£ôԸ¼ҹˣ
ο֮Ҳǳ޳ܾϵĹ˽ǧ꣬һΪ̳ףͬʱƳ˼ʱͿʼĥٴθˡ
аԣһãɣǺٴνƾرٸ˹һͬԼ
ٸȻǷ
ǰֻʼٸֻҪҲͳȻеظǱٸԭܾϼصһַƳɷû˾ȻƾطǸקֻأȻ
ƺмƣ
ǺȤٸʼʼΪҪķȻҶĶԣܹ˵ô࣬ҶҲ͸¶ŹԼϢϾһϢһ
ڵ֪ҶҲǵ֮ԵúǿģͺһȻҲһҪȳʱࡣ
˵Ŀˣ˾ʶõһȻȫȻ̬˵ĴЦֻǵŮһƣѰ˼ձȺ˶Ǹʲôݣ
һֱ˵˺þã˵˻ȥЪϢȻŮ˷䷿䣬һɢȥ
Ҷ밢߯˹صⰲŵסȵ˶ɢȥ֮ҶЦݾһɫĶ԰߯˹ʹ˸ɫƺѯʲô
߯˹һҶʵʲôɫĵ˵ͷ
ûо
ⷬ϶һͷˮѦʹڴ˶ȻʲôΪʱѦʹҲһ𣬵š
ʱҵǳʲôȷ֣ȷػ󣡡
üģʱԭõѾˣֻһۣһɣòδ̫˰ɣ
ʲ͵͵Ҷɳ˼ƣҶɳλŮҲȷˣػɣѦʹҲòףҶİԼȷһ£ľʼʣѦʹһ󲻰ΪôҲû뵽ԼһεĿ꾹ȻʼʣҪʼʿɲʲôöԸĽɫ
ԭʼһֵʱѦʹоӦʱΪй飬ֻԼĴʼһʱ佥еĸӦҲԽ
ϸһӦ̶һηеʱѦʹͰʩչһⷢƬӡԼеһСѦʹӽĿһЩѣѦʹʩչжϣǰ֮˾ǲԼҪҵˡ
Ȼܹʩչģи֮ʯӼȻⷽ浹ѲŮŪҲѦʹѰҡ
ôһԣٴȷѦʹ󻹵ԼʹĲԣŪˣҶİ˰æΪҶʼ̸Ż㣬԰ж԰߯˹ʹ˸ɫ߯˹Ͱæһ¡ŮڵǷΪ򵥣ǰ߯˹ƾԼҲʩչް
Ҷǰжͫ鿴ʼԺеûϵ֮ȻòྶͥϸһԱȷ־Ȼ֮ͨ
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⻰һҶı˫۵˵ͷûˣ漴վֱߵ⣬ƶյ˵һԼҲ²˰ɣ
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Ϊʯ֮һʼʾٲˣϾ֮ҲʸڷԼ顣
ȴʯ֮Ȼһϸ֮ɫԴͣתĴͣǷҲˣ


176 
ķӦ˶һϵķ컭ꪻ΢һᣬλĩսб͵ԵѦʹ󣺡ⷴӦе֣
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ʼٴ֣һ飬²ӣǱͲ۵Ĳӱôһͺȫһһȥʱʼʾһ涥һС൱滬
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ʼʲôˣһͳʩбİԵǿĳŮˣɲǸŮӾܾ
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ҶļʼһɱŭյУҲӦӦѯʣӲãֻӲͷƤϸѯһ
Χ˶֪˶ûڣﾲ̸ǷǳѸٵĽ䶼ȥͬʱʹ˽Բһ׷ΧڶԼΧϣܹѲӣԡ
һϣǱҲ齲˸࣬ɫһһŹ֣˭Ҳû뵽ľȻ
ԭʯòǲϾܹŮѡУ㱾òһ㣬ҲԻɼֶνƯ
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߯˹˵һҶˣǸʲôʯӵİ취ǲҲӦԣĻҲԵŮ˰ɣ

һ仰ҶľûͰ߯˹˵ʲôƵƵȾƣʼ˵᣺ΪҶʲôģ
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ķˣҶֱָָһԷգҪį˾ȥɣôҲһŮ񣬲ûս񣡡
ֻһЦȴ⻰һʹһ֮Լ˸ߺд̿ͣ


177 ټң
ĺܿ죬ҲͻȻһʼֻԶԶĴд̿ͣĺƬ֮Ȼͱˣݣ커ݣͬʱҲԽӽ
Ҷһ֪Ǹ̿ʵǿᣬȫȺѲվڵı䣬ԲܹôѸٵĽӽĿꡪԣ⸽ֵôɱ˾ֻλǧһʼ£
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Ҫְæ𣿡߯˹һתͷ˿ɵޱȵҶġ
ܹΪǧһۣһܹôһƬҵĻᱻ̿˵οôûмӲ壿ҶĲ̿͵ж˵ʵǿĵز浽ǰҲûбҪдˣҸʱһζԾԽʼʺɱ
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߯˹Ҷô˵ҲͲٶԣڴ֧ͬ°ͣ˾ôɵڷ﷢Ҳ֪˶ãľƽϢȥ
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ǰҶͨǹĻ涼˵ˣǼ˽ֵĻȻҲû©߯˹Ҷĵĵ鷳Ҷô˵ƺûô⡪ȻҲ˵ЩסҶġ
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ң֣֮ȡһã֮һУȻСıųһͷһʯ˵ƵأЩܾñŤˣ

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Ҷ˵ʲôȴ߯˹˹˵˾䣺Ҫ˵ǻطɣ˵ȥĻЩʿҪӪˣ



178 ˮ
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ȻҵˣȻýһΣһǿɽϵȥأԼôҲǷ˻ûҵҲͰˣץ˸ţûеܵǲ
ңɽϻһµԼأһ뵽Լ޾ƺѾߵ˾ͷԶ¶ûˡ϶ǻûͣ£Ǵ嵵˵
Ҷʦӣ㿴ʦ壬ȻɻˣҲһƿҲֲϲֵӣǰǰֵĺܻĪΪ˻ͱģ
ңššӣȻץץ˰죬ŵܾó˻֮Ͳǰˣ
ʲô˼ҶĵͦģңΪʲôҳףһʲôֱܲɽȥͦҶĺġӣĪǻʲô鲻ɣ
ңһڲûҶѪ
ܾóףǴˣΪ˴Ҫ㲻ǰˣ
Ҷɱþûָоˣʱң仰ֱһȭĿϻҪĸЩһѪңһ
ʲôΪϴ԰Ҫ˵죬ĻҲһˣ͸ó˺𣿿ڲ⸱ӣһһʱôû⣿׵ʱȥˣ
ϸһ£˹׻Сʱµӡ̫ٹ̣ó£Ϊһ׾һ֮ҪΪԼ𣬻ҪΪǸҸԱó죬ܼˣ
йؼҶľûٶ˵ʲôֻӵļ˵һ䣺ɽϣ㻹㣬ֻԺǴֻԼһӰˣòô£
ǣңһɫȻ׷˾䣺ʦ׵ʱûõĻ߻𣿡
Ҷ룬Լ׵ʱûô࣬ܺʱйءΪҶĳ֮ǰ͵ɽţЩһֱǴɵĽǶȥ飬ֻԼġ
׵ĶԼɵʦãʦýҲסĸһЩûʲô仯˿ûиоʲô
ҲԼڳŵʱ̬ɵĳɳ𽥵ĳµʱҲ˿ûлš
ңȴһʼΪԼֻǸŵʱһǻԹĶǱ˼ñ֮͹޾˵ûûεӣЩ飿Ȼ겻Сˣ̬ʵϻǶʮҡ
˵һ֮Ҷǲ׼ңܣæҲҪطɽңȻҲҪһȥ׵Ƚˣڳ֮Σȴ׼ˡСɽѲСҲܵģпܵҲԼļŮôһ⡣
̸꣬ҶĲйǸŮ˵
һֱʱҶĲûŮôƺ
ŮģеƻѪɫҲеɫӣƤַǳСɫ
ҽˮƣ
ˮҶĵĿе֣ƺеΣͬʱҲȥе޷ȷԼӦðڳʲôҶıȽϺã
˵ˮҪջҶģŮеҲ׼ԼĶλԱߵңһģ֪ʲô͵͵Լʦ˵㣬ֻҪڳһ֮쮵̬ȴ־òףΪţ
Ҷ㶣һ䣺㵹Ǻ˽⣡
ңԲЦҵʱҲ㣬ʼʱһе㲻ף֪ǡ׳־ô£
ˮƽ̸⵱Ҷֺң˵һλ֪ˮƱˡҪ˵ʵҲһЩĻҲԻĲڱ׷ɱĴҴܡ
κˮҲǸʼį֮ˣǻĲһֱôĬĬţԾͷºԸҪһͳ£Ůǿˣ
κʵȻУȴԶԶ㲻ö⣬Ůǿ˻ûɣ˲ٳңֵıȺ׷·ӣܵϽȥŴһ
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ںѰȺˣҲĳ֮һǱȽº͵ģֻ뽫ץȥ£ȡŸңĻᡣ
ţô£
һҶľʶԾˣƾʲô˾Īǻ̰ͼɫɣ
һʣ黹ֻ࣬ȴˮԼϡ
׻ˮĺԼʵȵԵɣҪûʵҲͰˣƺҲûдﵽȺԵĳ̶ȣȻҪԼɫջһļ̳ˣȻ߾ȹ
ƻûüʵʩؾͱʶˡѾͷ뱣סԼӣҶʱֻ̾˵˾䣺ûʵûӻ²˺ģܳ²Žй
һıʧ֮󣬶Էǲ£ֻ͵ߵⲻܾôˣ˵ʲôҲҪץȥһǲˣŮūɣԲŻкôЩ顣
˵ЩңûģǱ߱ϵ׵ˮе㲻ˣһǵͨ죬Ҳ֪Լ±˵ߵûΪԵʲôģ֮ͮͮĺƺƨһǵĸʮ·һվ̾һƬɲ
ҶĿˣȴ뵽ԵģϲŭɫҲһѾͷһҲûа
Գ֮ҶȻҲܰԼҵӸȥѰ˼Ѿͷеʵ֣һҲδɣ̿Դˡ
һɽ¶ӣֻܿùϵԼ¥ˣ
˵¥ҶĲӵĹ⻹ȴԼأ﹦ǲ٣ƺûмʺ¥ģ
һˣҶĵֲԾָĦ£ֵýⱦˣ


179 νħ
ݶϣҶѡ˸Ƚϲ׽˿λãȴ￴Χκһ
ûк˭Լ߯˹ҲڷϢΪҪԼܡǸѾģָ
ָľ޴ҪٶϻҶܹнΪһĹҪָϡ
ɽܹչ̶ȣͬҪָһ󹦡
ΪָҶĲҪΪԼĹʽġͬģɽɵĵҲҪΪԼӦʲôҲʺԼĹе꣬Ϊָһȡ֮֮ߵؼһǿҵʺԼ书
ɽָ֮ĹܾȻһչ˿˿ԵõؼֿԵõ͵ҩͼֽҩ⼸ϣõĶΪܶ˵ķͼֽǾε̽ԼĲϲŵõģɽȴԵõһϸͼֽҪĽǰͼֽдȥˣ֪Щʡ˶顣
һΣҶҪ¥һʵĹһ뵽ȻǿָΨһҶľľֱָˣҲһܲٻԼҪؼ
ô̽ҶڽȷָڵĹЧ

ȴȫ
Ҷٻʱȷһ࣬ؼͼ͵ҩҩ
¾Ƿ࣬ҶĲԺǲǿԸӾ塢ϸµĻ֣ٻʱȷеĳһ࣬ȻŻᰴѡ
ǾҪˣ
˵ǣٻĴ統ǹ̶ˣǸҶ빦ĸߵԼõĵȴʱ䡣
һЩϡĶܳԶٷĹȴͽˣָ϶رõĶǾû׼ˣĶпܡһҶٻƷ˪Խͼֽȴ˺üſٴʹãʱ䳤ҶĶ֪ʲôʱָġ
ָĦһ£Ҷı۽˽ȥ
һʼʱû̫๦ȥһ㣬ȻԴʹؼ⼸֣ͣ˼¥Ҫһ£ָȫܹƾԼ뷨Ӱ쵽ѡģ
ǰûô飬ΪʱɽɲûرĶҲˣĶɽɶõĵ
һȴͬҶе书ؼ඼ߵƽ͵ĵ·ߣǷŵĹ
Щڹؼ¥Ըͨͨϡ˵ԵģԼ칦ڸ¥̸¥ܲԽ˹ɣҶԼñŤ
ǻħʵҲһֵҹһ㣬ǻħѹŮģΪһЩԵɺϣͬʱ̫ϲ¥
ԴĻҶɫһ̣ϵķѡ񣬼ԼӵеĹ
ʵҶеĹ֮඼ԿͼˣܹҵһЩʺ¥ʹõġֻʼվòһЩҪҲΪڹʼѰҶ׼ýָٻ
ٻҶ۾ϵǱؼϵĸҶ̾һ塣
Ǵ󷨡
ŹҶǰһֱûٻû뵽쾹Ȼð˳
ԭнܣŹ򲻹ǼȲȱıڤ񹦺ͲȱĻ󷨽ϳĶ㲻ʲôϡȱҲǶࡣ
ȻҶΪЩȱ㾡޲Ҳʲô£ֻǴ󷨵صҲȡԷΪðˣһȡڹҲ֪ʲôˣ
Сûְ
˵¥ãȻõôһʱҶľ͸оԼĽָƺзӦͻȻһ궯ָȡ˺ö࣬Ȼǰһһֶһᡣ
Ҷ£һʱ͵ͷȥϵ֣ޱȵġǬŲơ־ͳС
ʲô˼ѵҪ¥ǴǬŲƣ
ʲôŹ˵ãҶַָӦȻһؼؼһͬ㣬Ǿԭжħ̵Ķ
ҶĿʼɣǲԼղٻʱһֱ˼¥󣬲ʹýָĻӦͣĳʺ¥ʵĹ
Ѱ˼ǲܣͻȻע⵽ԼڵƺûоʹƽϢȥȻֱĳһ
һֱᣬǴ󷨣ȻǬŲƳʱôǴ󷨵棬ǬŲƵĿھԶǴ󷨶࣬ҲҪǴ󷨺Ķࡣ
һֶһؼȴǰǴ󷨲ౡֻôһᣬȻ󾲾ǬŲƵ档
һ
Ҷһƣһοˡħ󷨣
⡭ָѲҪеħ䶼Ū
ÿŵץץգҶŵһһ⼸Ȼǲƺʺ¥ɣ
Ǵ󷨹Чһȱ࣬ǬŲƸһھʹ÷ţû̫ǿЧڵħ󷨣ӵ鷳˵һܹöѲҶĻҪȥ¥һûѣ
ҷ߾ȥ
뵽ҶҲһơ
Ѳ¥ȥҷ鷳ΪѾҪ÷ǵħ
ԽԽѪҶͻȻҲ˵ͨҲôһ£°ͣ˼֮Ҳ֪ǲָǷоҶĵĲ⣬Ȼ궯ҶڵһαȡĿҪǰμ࣬ҶԼòԴ޷˼ȥˡ
һο
ڵҶķֽǼᶪǰȻ۾ָθؼҪֳô󶯾ָܸһʲô
һνָû̫ãƬ֮һͳҶУŵ룬ҶʼնţܻΪһر飬һ
ǰҶĽһ֣ôǰдҶˡ
Ѫ񾭡
֣ѪֵĲ·һС壬ֱдϲ²ᡣ
ѪⱾؼҶ˽ޡ
ΪԭûпԭֻЩꡪҲûɽҶ֮ǰһЩɽͬģⱾؼ˽ȫ;Щͬĵе
ЩУҶ֪Ȿؼе;澭ƵأȻΪᣬǶԵ˵Ტ׼ȷӦ÷ΪƲͶᡣ
ϲҲƲᣬԭƺֻһѪƲͱȥҲ˵üѪûг֣˭Ʋ﾿ʲôݡ
ɽһǶᣬ֮ԳѪӣʵ֮䣬·ɽֻҪһ˾ҪҽһѪΪãְԵֹ졣
뵽ҶľֽǶĶһϾѪ񾭵˽ⶼᵱеĲ֣ʱҪȻҲȿᡣ
һʱ䣬統ն޷ƾе仯ֱʱ䣬Ҷ֮ʱͲ֪Լ˶ãڼ䰢߯˹һۣϥﲻɽֻǶƣûš
Ҷĳ֮ǰк˵ԼҪΪ¥ѰһźʵĹ߯˹Ҷϥǰż飬ֻҶѰ˼Ӧô¥ʲôʱǲҪŵĺáȻΪʲôҶΪ鷳ģҸǿĹڲͺ
ȴҶĶԼĵӷǳľüȻѾԼӣôʦľ͵úúΪӿǣŪ򻹵ʲôʦ粻ӡ
ҲΪ뷨ʹӶܾʦЩʱôŵҺܶʱе㲻һġɾΪ̵ӾľǶ
ãҶڽһ꣬ҲѪ˼˽⣡
ʱ֪ԭѪȻᣬǼصĹһţѪӰҲѪӰ񹦣ֻͬˡ
صԵ֮ҲǼǿɱԼأͬʱٶҲҪƲĶ࣬־ᶨ߼Сɡ
ҶĿֽ֮ƲһξͲ翴ʱôѾˣΪƲе๦ֻ࣬ɱԲôǿͬʱҲô졣
һ֮ҶĶԱ𣬷ƲȻҲѪӰ⣬ȴûȥͬʱķʽҲصôʹࡪҪȥһƤȻħëУħ
ͬʱħһƣʩųһħĥߵľһмܲס̾ǻɢ³һҪԭлҪңԭлת޵ĿܣҶⲿɣɾתĻᶼûˡ
ֻҶûԭȻһ㣬Աᣡ
һɣ壬Ӱ𣡵ҶĶôðڿƲ֮󣬷ƲһǽĴڣȫ֮ͶǶӲðˡ
ƲеҪƽ࣬ҪôķʽѰĹֻ࣬һزùҪʮ꽫ŹħȥϰŹ֮˾ͻħϮţָͷ
ͬʱʱӰ쵽ߵӣҲ֮˶֮Ҳò̱ŰɱԳ죡ƲȴᣬѪ񾭷ֳƶĸԭ
뵽һ㣬Ҷζ¥ǶˡȷҪ¥ǿޱȣԲһֻ֪ɱ˵ķӳ
Ϊʲôɴ಻¥ŹΪҶʵʹ񹦾ʹû¥Ѫ񾭼ǱȻˡ
½£ҶķƲΪѪ񾭵ĻеһЩɻ˵ǷʹãȴеʱЩã²Ҳû
˼֮󣬽ѪҶĳһҲ֪ǽ̵һħһѪ񣡡
һͷǰȻֶһؼҶĸղȫעѪ񾭣Ȼûע⵽ʲôʱֶһס
ʵؼҶĿѪ񾭵ʱģΪʱ˫飬ǰûгС
Ҷֽһ۾ȥľȻǡħ񹦡ĸ֡
ħ񹦣ħ˻񹦣ʲô֣
ǷһƲŻȻ׹Ϊʲô֣ͬʱ书ˣ
ԭ׹
Ǻͻ챦ͬȼĹΪŹǴħµģԻħ񹦡
ҪҲһ൱ԵǿĹҶƣȻе׼Ǹ¥Ѫ񾭻ħˡ
ղûкʵģȴǺʵĹˣ
ͬʱҲΪһָȡô๦ˣΪָһȡڹķҶΪǿһͿϻָٶȾˣѾڵأˡ
ħ񹦡Ѫ񾭡
Ҷ°˼һȻ±˵Ǵ󷨺ǬŲƣͻȻһ뷨
ȻԺҪųħҪһ˵ˣ


180 һС
ȻҪЩؼ¥ҲܺҵĶ̸ȻôûͷûԵĻħ¥С󡪡ȻĿǰҲʵƷ˶١
˭Ϊ˭ΪΣıؼеĶԱıؼһֻͻЩǽһʱҶҪ⡣
Ȼ¥ʦ׼úһλǿħôЩӲˡȻҲУΪһɹôʹԼ̵ֽһǿڵҶڸѾ̫ͻˣĽɾ粻ﵽܴﵽģŬ⻹ҪԵ
ҶⱲӸԵѣҲ֪˲̰ǰôԵԼ񵽵ģܽϡ
ھǰͰȻʲôʱܹһؿ粻ȥҲûʲô˵ˣΪѾ㹻֤ԼԼɽɽǡ
ôһûʲô׷ˣڸϲӣýɽӱ鲼ĴҲӵо޴ĳɾ͸У
ôģҲôġأȻðؽ簲˼ңڽɽɵġҵչ޵ĸŸɣûһܹɽһ㣬ܵȥֶ桯ġ
ͬʱµӣ¥Ƿչ˳Ļ
;˷ܣɽɽеЩѾҪ̫ˣǵ·ѾȷֻҪͰȥͺãѰ˼ʵĸõɽ
ܹܣȻ˲ҶĵӣʵܹȥͥҲҶͶ·ʯһ˳ôԺɽɵĵҲͶһ֮һЩ־ӾĵҲһ·
Ȼ¥Ҳ࣬¥˳ټͷɽҲһϾﴦսʱڣҡ뺷ﴳÿҪɽиࡣ
¥ĴҲЩӵİȫϡ鷳ʱ̵˶Ѱ
˵˵ȥҶæôһѣ׻ΪɽɵĿɳԷչֻһ˳ôԺɽɼͲҪڹʲôˣԼʵɽȻѰһʲСɽɾ޷ΪɽһҲǰĴڡ
ɽڼҪΪҩģԴɽɺŵĺ֮ɽƳķҩĴ·ɽҲЩɽҪĸָԴԴϵĴﱻ͹
Щ޷һɵģɽȴһɣкҪһɽɲҪ˷ѴĲȥ㹻ֳɵҩԼƵͼֽҪ󰴲ͰȥͿԣɽɶЩϵԶԶһɡ
ƣ
οɽɵֲǿǿ˵ûзҲںɽֻҪΪȥˣҲγսҪЩɳ˿ǵΪ⻹ҪѰٺʵķ
ˣɽɵδǳһֵɽԼΪڶ̺·ҶķԼƺѾû̫ˡ
ʦҲɾ磬ɽҲҪܴɽ֮ɱ˰ߺܵһλħ
һѶѵصУһݾͼ߯˹һĶԼеһᡣ
ŮԴӵɽ֮ҲԶһЩ˽⡣Ҳ֪ЩνɵһͨһǿĴڵġ
Щ˿۵ᣬЩɼӵ¡Щûʲôϡ¼ĶȴǼΪҪջǵ˵ΪһһսҲǶôϡ顣
Ͼ߯˹ҲȥɽɴؼĻʩˮ￴صĶȫûͷʲô֮۸һͷˮµʱȻһ£ɲǺ˽⡣
ֻҶĿǰ߯˹ȥ˼ŻʣЩǳѲֻҪ΢õģһЩĸŪ֮󣬹ò˰ͿԽЩȽϼ򵥵Ĺɡ
Դˣ߯˹ֻǻһۣû˵ʲôΪȷЩȱȤ๦ʽʲô̫ģԶԼƾ꾭ɵսʽ
ҶҲûǿ߯˹ǲϲĴڣҲҪԼϱʵǿᣬҲҪԼԸҶҲǿ
Щʲô
֪߯˹ʲôЩĸĿ֪Щʲôرڰ߯˹˵ֱ涫ֱ۷ʽѯŹʲôЧ
׺䶥ɽǱʲôȻǳ˵㣬ǹֱۣ߯˹ķʽɽЩ˵Ĺ֮ġ
ѩĹǿŪһƬɫĺÿɣ
µǸɫͬĹâȥģ
Ҷġɽϲý˵ľɫĽʾҶõˣ
ʵɽϼֲֻҶһ롢ϼΪҲǲףȻʼǬʹҲɫЧ
˶ûԼ򽣾˲û÷ɽϰߣɽϲɫ˴򶷵ĻֻһҶġ
ȻҲ۳ɽȴɫģµķɽɫûɫѩɫԼңķɽûرɫźѰͨĳһ޶ƺҲС๦ϵ
ʣµϹʦһ޶ϲһ˫ƴˣ÷ɽģ
񰢶߯˹Ǻܺ棬Ҷİ¥ѡĹʲôЧ
һԽ˵ԼڣұԼ
Ŷ
ҶĲŽܵһǴ󷨣Ů˾һµģڴߵҲȻֱͦһ˫۸ֱŹ⣡
Ҳںܶ˵ֶȡ˹Ĺа񲻹ˣǶİƥ˹˵ȴʲôͱ簢޾ɱԭ̫񣬶ȡ˶Էȴû˾ʲôףֻЩƥ˹˵Ƚ鷳Ƕȡôá
û뵽ڶȻôȤĹ߯˹ѧϰЩĶǴʱһ˫۾ȻתĵѰ˼ҪҪȽ˼ġĻԼҲԱøǿԺ󻹿ԽѵŵǸɶŮˡ
ҶҲദôãŮǵ˼ҲĲˣǸ飬֪Ůڴʲô⡣
߯˹㴿СŮģ൱ѵһǰǸ߸ϵģȻһζ
Źкܶȱ㣬ӲпɷɣʹҲô˳֡
ʲôãһҶĵĽ⣬߯˹Ͱ޵ûʲôνĹƺôϡ档
ҶĵǲôⰢ߯˹͸¶һ˿мʵҲôƵǴ󷨡
û취Ǵ󷨲һ񹦵Ĳƪԭ񹦾ûЩ⣬ֻҪСЩʵԼǿ֮ˣ
ԭû鷳߯˹۾ʼѰ˼ҪҪ񹦣ȻȥŵȽһ£һЩ
ԭǸ𣿡
ҶĹһЦ߯˹һⷴӦֻϷԼڿԽǸɶŮ˳ԸˣҶЦֱһ䣺ᣡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҶһֱٻڤ񹦡Լ澭Щų񹦣ҲǲָЩ񹦹ȥҲ˵Щ񹦱дˣ˶ָƲˣ
߯˹֪ҶڹⶺŪԼһۺͲ֨ˣֻ￴
ҶҲ֪ŮƢŪһ¾£Ȼʣµļ顣
ⱾǬŲƣ԰ŪΪ˾ԷһȭҲԽǿתƵԵĵطȥ
תƵȥ
Ҷʼ򣺡ԵСɽ߱ĵϣʲôطã
߯˹룬е˼˼ֻ֮ʲôǬŲƵͷͣһʵܲˣûм׷ʡ
Ҷֽ˽ħ񹦺Ѫ񾭣ŹЩ죬кܶײУ߯˹ȻǸƵŮ񣬵ǶЩҲϲüͷ˺Ҳûٶʲô
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ȣħеħԼѪеѪ֮¥ΪĴڣѰĹԼκβ
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ѪӰȥٵҲ㹻ͷˣͱ¥ʵǿ֮ǰȫ򲻹һܰ
ǬŲΪһָɣ¥ΧʱҲܹӦƾԷȻȵԷĥĲٷһȫ𡪡˳ֻܽЩ˵Ϊá
ϸ룬ԼһڣҲֻоһ;߯˹һ뵽һµĴڼҶе;ûһ󷢺ҶĵĿҲͲ˼ֹŹ֡
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߯˹ôԼҶ˿ûԾĻڼؼнУЩֿںϣЩݾԲֻ÷
ֻƬ̣ҶľͷǴ󷨵ĿھԳ׵ںϽѪԼħȥħǼпԻڹǵײʽǴ󷨸
Ѫ񾭡ѪӰһ˾ܽԷɱͬʱȡһΪãɱǴ󷨻ҪԵҶⷽҲѪ񾭵۷Ǵ󷨵
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ЩôײУǲǻ˵ļɵ׷ɱҶĵǸɽʲôˣûйϵ¥ڵ֪ʵ뷨֮ԽƶֻԼǿ˲ܹӵһУ
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ʦܵĽٶȣңҲеԾҶȴʲô֡
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ңǲôھЩ飬һֻ֮̾Լʦ۹⣺ʦѡͽ۹ԽԽˣ
ȴʼյļΪɽСʱû̫ѡ֮⣬Ҷյĵĸʳ֮ˣ
ǹ»ףҲֻ̫ŵ³ɾޣء˹Щʲ֮ˣңȻ˵㣬Ҫ˵һ䣬ԼҲΪԼ츳ܺá
ҶĲԣҲ˵ʲôֻ˵ʵܽ츳ѵĵӣԼϵ
ʵϣҶеǫˣź࣬˷ֵж٣۵ж٣ҶܹܿʣȻΪѡʵĵ·ɲ˭ӵеġ
ٸӣͱǹ»ף˾ͲܹƳʣҲ˵ǿ˹ƳҲû֣ӢᣬԭĻǸѰˣҶĿҲĳɾ͡
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Խйû뵽һͿһԺУͬʱһ۵ĻȪƺ˵ʲôˮһŭצģ
ֻҶľͲ³ˮйأֻǾʲôȴ֪ȻҲɲͨοҲô޵Уָһ㼪׻УҪʲôҲȫȻ
˼ҶĻվкȪҲ⡣ȻͶ£ǿΪ𣬺οҶĻн̵֮ʵҪֵġ
Ҷ̧̧к£ȻԹԵߵǿŵλһԭȻѦʹһԽ½һ¸
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һʼʱеһҲˮƵҪȨĻʸңڵ֪ˮƵع֮ͨ뺣ҪˮƸ͵ϡ
ȻҪɱǼ岻˵СҲһϡң
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ʹ˵еƢôõͬ־Ϊ𣬵һ֣ʹһɴ䣺ɱˣ
鵽Ȼܰݣʸڵ֪Լɳʹ߾Ȼ̴֮ŭųҪ֪֪ŻҪ֮ѵطóûʸҴֱͨӽعƽˡ
Ҫ˵ʸȷǿᣬⷬȻǵһЩȴûһҸշȻĹԹԽͨ˳˵ʸҵĴѾװʱɱ
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˵ˣһһʱ򼸺˶ⳡ̵Եɣˮƣ
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ͬʱʱһ̣ӮûлżҲСԷһòʲôƫԶСعĻʸҴսһҲ˲õĳɾˡ
ӮǾ͸ˣ̨̾ףͬʱԳὫΧļС̲Ǽÿ·ĸڶˡ
ԣһ̶һﲻ
ҶЩ֮ӸǹڴϰʹɱģûгԲѷҲûã㲻Ҳһ衣
ЩҶ˵壬֮ǺˮƸղһŭģΪʲô
תͷңһƣ̴չ˵˾䣺Ϊ˫֪飬Լˣ
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ȻȪһߣļ̬죡
ѦʹǵһԲ˵һЦղԲһԸ赹ˮҲһĨЦ
߯˹һĵı飬¾ֱطϢȥˡ
£ˮƶ˲ԾԸŤһ֮Ҳ˵Դתתȥżˡ
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ҶĲԣתŲ豭Ѱ˼һ£תͷңǻʸҽֵϸ˵˵
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κϵţȥһͳƺһЩ㲻ͳһҲҪռ󲿷أ¼ԸСͿԡ
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Ȼɽɲǰᣬ༸ԺҲǺõģ
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ҪżЩ˽ˣ֣ӢһǾߣ
߯˹Ϊ֣ӢǼ˺ҶĻϺþãϵҶֱ˵Ǿͳ
ָ˳ķ˿УȻĻ΢΢žĳָķ϶лͬʱڻУЩ飬ͺˣʦֻҪ齻ȥҲͿˣع̫̫ܵ࣬ܵǷã
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˵¥Ҳ֪ҶЩӾæŽ̵ǸţĪ˽¥Ҳϣ
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иҪģҶĸ¥һֻɽڲʹõƷΪ˷ֱ޷ͨ¥ʲô⣬ԸҶĴ绰
ʵֻɽҲУҶҪ˹ԲңȥģҶ벻ɰңŪɽСӻ᲻ҸֱܵĻüɽɵȡ
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߯˹һۣȻҶĻһݰʱ⡣
ֻϧʱ䲻ûãҶľͲòɿȻȥԺУΪλþûػˡ
ԭػʣ֪ǡ
Ǻǣûʲô£ǺЦЦ۾ŻǱţһھԳǲ©İˣҶɳһͳ󣬸ΪħΣ


182 粻ֹ
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Ȼ˵Ҷָоֲȷסô뷨Ҳûȥ̸ƺû뵽Ȼ뷨˶ħʲôĲ⡣
ʵҲˣħƺʲôãοķ֮󣬻Լе¼֪ЩΪа죬㲻֮Ҳûȥɽ磬
ӦģôӦþħˣ
ħħħ
ֻǧʼǻһƬԱɽȻ٣ԱȽƽȵĻҪĶ࣬ϸ˼Լͳûɽ翹ĵ
ĻЩɵ˼ɵԼϲͱɼҸռˡ
ʵܺ棬ҶĵɾʲôĪǲЩɵô˿Ӱ죿
˵ҶʵǿҲͰˣڿҶǸӺҲôĻ֮Խľ
Ҳһ˿ΣУǲɽѾɿʼ׼ˣٲץһͳ˽Ըͽ׵޷ʵ֡
˵ɻȪҶ˵Щ飬һ̽һҶĵķӦҲ뿴ɽǲкܶҪ쵽
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˵˺һʼǣϾǱ߻кܶҪȲ̸ʸҵĴ̣һƬϼëƤһҲæˣ翴ôȤ
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෨õĴʽҩԼ꾭Ӫ
ʼʵ齨ʱ̫̣Щɽȴ԰Щ⣬ȹڵѽ׶Σ
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ֻҪ֪һ㣬ɽĸָķ붼֣֮ЩɽӵȺ֮һ㹻ˡ
֣Ӣ˴ȺӣͬʱһЩսϵСߴǸѰұ̽޸ı˾ð棬ʼµĽȫһݣսʱ򻹿Ա֤໥ͨѶ
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ҶĿ˿֣ӢŪһ˵ĽºͻߣʼʿɲǸ
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Ҷİ£Ȼ󶪻ظ֣ӢЩǲôܵģⶫʵϵȷʥҪǿһ㣬ƻвʿԸ⹺򣬶ɽ˵Ǻ飬Ȼûвͬĵ
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Ҷ˺󲻵ԣͷ˵һ䣺ʲôĶǵöչʾһ£ɽҲ˷ѣ綼ʼʣ
֣ӢٺһЦӦһãȻָżӽһɽկ۫ɽկһװ˳ȥøʼʱµ񣡡

֣ӢǸɾʮָڵæҶҲͲٶ˵ʲôŰ߯˹뿪һƬͷķæ֮أȻգԼʼոߵİ߯˹
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߯˹֪ҶҪɽˣҲԼӦûȥˡñһ¾ûʲôѾʼǽ孵鶼ɸˣΪһҶġ
ҶҲ֪Ӧô˵ֻǵһ䣺ɴַ壬ǹͬʹĻֻǽ˵Ĵ鷳ڲ־׵ʱͺã
һƽĽ飬ǲ֪ʲôԵɣյ¾˾һֱ˷ַΪ壬ҷֱSԼ˳ϡ
ԼյõõƽΪS׼Ϊʹȥ
տԼñԺҲʲôûбҪƽ
ʮȭΪԼܵܵԲżߣҲһʹȥˡ
˵ļ£Ҷûֻ̫࣬ǵͷӦһκȴŹһֱԱѯ飬֪ҶɳԸ̵ƫԶ¹֮񣿡
ϹȻָͥϹ֮Ҳ˵֮ͥµˡµĶ孵Ѿֱͥӱ̲ռ죬ǿǱŶ˿ǸԳ¹Ҳûʲô
ⷬԾѯԼĳɷȥҶѧգԴҶֻǵһͽӦȥ
ֻôһ仰ܻ˲ţҶĵɽɵȷʲôĵӶУħ֮˶Ը̵ɳƵнࡣ
ϸղȥ֮ʱջһ˺һ˺Ҷʦ͸Ҷⷬṩ˸ӶĿŶȣԵõҶظ֮պĵ˵ͷѰ˼Ӧʳɫ˺úȥϹѧһźøõǶ֮ء
ЩҶĲ֪Ű߯˹һ·뿪֮󣬵Ҳ۵Ĵڼ仹һлʸƵļһǴسҪ£ҶĻûü֣ͱĵĿҪİ߯˹˴⬡
´СආҪŪộ
ҶⷽԲڶһƵأֻð߯˹̫ˡ
ŮûһͷǼطȥһλţ
ǲҪٴãܿͻص˵ȪǼ˵Ǵɭ֣ҵͨɽǸض
ͷʱʱ׵գҶʼ򣺡ȷҲô߰ɣ
̾һЩûбҪ̤ɽٴδйǸڰЩͨٴγʱѾվ˰ߵϳС
ϴ˼ֽԼɱ֮Ƕ˼ɡ
һЩǺİ߯˹üͷһ䣺ôˣô⣡
ҶĿЦһǿһƬ𣿡
ȷߵϳȻɽ磬ǻҲôãҲǲΪħӵԵɣĻҲͱħ΢ôһ㣬ΪֻҪֵĸ߶ȣͿԿ̫ħԶ޷ӵеġ
ûż뿪ȵϢһڶһ磬ҶĲ̤˻طɽĵ·
һ·һʻԼĴڣȥҲ𣿡

ҶĻͷ˿һװҲСӴ֣ӢҪʲôȻһڷ£ϼ˸īͷҲһȻ˸βȻһվͺҶĵƵء
ûȥѰҵģֻܿûԵˣԵǡԱߣҲܰѰ򡭡ȴ뻹Ҫ
ЩӣҲ֪ҵĿѾ΢΢ֻɲԸҵѾȥΨһһ
΢еįҶֻ򣺡Ҳ̫ģҲվѰأ
⻰Ȼûʲô壬Ҳţֻǿ΢ЦȻյĸҶ
ӣҶĳЩʱһֳ嶯˵ʱһϣҵı
Ҳˣܸж
һ·ͣͣȥ·ߵĿɾûôżˣҶҲûֱߣǴŰ߯˹۵תתȥһ·ϲ֪ת˶ȦⶫؽһЩһ顣
ϧΪ߯˹òԭ򣬼˲ûȥЩ˻쵽һѡ߯˹ҲûȤϾƥ˹ɽһϲ߸ϣͲûڱտڼһ䣺ˣˡ
ֻǴµƣȻҶȥЩɫĳʳҲͰˣȻд󲿷ֶĶӡ
ȫٷвһµ·̣Ӳü˽ӽ£һУٲȻҶ밢߯˹УϧҶʼûܹŮ񳹵׵ĳԵҲ֪ǲΪشŵԱһͿԵɡ
ٴλصɽҶĿϤɽ塢ƯСɽԼɽµĺһµûаɽϺסһĻᣡ
λͲᵽ˰ɣ߯˹ɽҲ¼ңԺסˡ
ҶץŰ߯˹֣ɽȥ
ﻹڴأԸ̾ɽ׳ΰһգ۹ѾɳȥԶæȥȻ󻹺ţˣûпܾҶɳа
Ű߯˹ҶڿһģЩӿˤȥĵɽҲҪںһƽƽĹӣƻõϺһ
ʵϣ˼û£ͲòͣΣȻڿ棬ûðӣͼһӰԶٷҶĺææͣΣѯʵǰĿɽˣ


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ͻȻкһѯǲɽˣҶĺ⡣ǶһУһƥ۾սһ¾ͥе콫Ҳ֪ܵѰʲô顣
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ȻûͼһСУҶˣǰȥ

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ִҪҲö˵ʲôϤ֪ӣϤȰ
һĽ죬νҲһҲɽǸʲô硣
ֻҶģҲ˵㽻飬ִս͵Ȼˣ󣡡
룬ǲףԸǺʵȷ࣬ǶսʤһͷҲǰ裬ټĺñȥ̫Կ⼸Ȼô⣬ҲһãȽðɣ
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Ȼ÷컭ꪵģⳤìҲһõ˳֣ҶĽⶫȡ˳˳־ͽ˹Ҳ
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ҶҲһźߣֻǵһȨ֮ƣȶԸðˣ


184 
߿֮ϣֶУмԶǼΪ֮оֻһڿУŽתĳʱʱһһֱ˳ͣ
ǳһһӣǺˣҵǶꯣһѰ콫ȥȴλսʤƲѰ콫˳ֻ˷ʱ䡣
ˣҲرգȻ԰Ҳİ׳գԼȻպգõɽʲôǣ
ʱ˿̣ԼλðڵĺһС䣬Ҫ˿ԼǾ͵õʵʵĶ
˵ʲôãնìһֱǰȥϴʱһɫУһһ̼ͳ嵽Ƕսʤǰгìһݣֱȡ˵ʺ
һУǾûȥĿˣǶսʤƲѰ콫Ҳ˼ҴǰҲ֣㶷սʤҲĵǹ룬Ҳû˭ϲǹϺݴһ£οնìҲһʱȫʩΪ£ì֮ǹ㣬տâһͲǷƷ˭ǲʲôر
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һǴˣ첲̾͵ñϣȻյĺҲĴֱ۱ϵ̾ͻᱻҳһ̯࣬ƳԷĿĵŲæгìҲһתȻֱһ䣬ìΪңֱӾλ·Ķսʤȥ
٣˼
ռһֻЦһгȥƲ䣬ֻ΢ת·ҪӲӲôһ¡
Ȼ·¶ϵĲǰ϶µոߵ󣬼еȷôƣҲ⣬һʶ
ʱ˫ҲֱڿԶԶĿм˽ֻ֣ôһ۵ĹӰѾһţȥȻһȻ죬ײһԾµ˶䶼˵һ
һ˶һǶսʤܹʹôǲȣԾǸ֪콫ȻҲʹô󾢵Ϊһ֪Ƕսʤһ֮ײһôӦһŶԡ
ֻ֮˶Ȼֻֿռ׺ʹվʮײſסΡ
Ҳûʲô˵ģϾ⣬ûֱӽСĲӰѾǺܲ˼ˡ
ճʱûܽСӺɣҲܽܺһصĻʹˣòʵʵĹһȥȴǼһ˼֮󣬾ȻˣƾĿųì΢΢ҪԼǲǳʲôˣ
ŶһﵹҲмͣ˻һҲϿʵˣⷬĪ˵ǰһԾͥߵҲ޲ȡ
սʤʲôˣǽҪһ۵Ŀ֮ȻһͨʰƢҲ࣬ʵͰɽӣûйӲıǲܵġ
ͥУûм콫ܽλԬһ㶼ҲСԬûϷܸ߿ۣ񡭡
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ͬʱղһҲ֣׼УԷӳǿҲõķ֮
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ǰ˲ãͥҲֻмƳؼΪҶǵǵ潫ȡϵģֻǾĿף˾еر⵹ûоԵʲô
˫ȵƬ̣սһһղŲͬǰмܼӲƴһ·ֿ
һȴŷӣͲֽķȻѰҶԷٽ˴򵹵ķϲһȫʩΪͷһᣬĶԷмܶǲܣȻ㶨չ
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ԲˣּҲõĴìཻһ˲ܹǳ׼ȷ΢һжһ⣬ԴʮغϣȻض๥٣ǲ·磬붷սʤĺò֡
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ֻеŤǣԼţ뺣һ㣬һȥȻ붼ûټͬʱϵı仯Ҳ˾裬͵ķݣгìݺһգնìźɫĹâһΣȻȵһ㡣
ܽһìһìֹ裬֮˱ܿ
˼ͷ룬۽𾦶һƣֻѾǺڶ٣ζǱһȦԭߵߣʱȻӽף˫Ŀ죬к괭ŴųìֱһӽηҲʹǸʲô
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ǶսʤԼԼ𹿰ֳôˣôһʱ侹ȻƵĴˡ
ҶҲû뵽ȻôֲͬʱҲǵԷĹԽĺƺûмޣҲֻʱǿÿս֮һԼʵ趨
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תͷꯣֻҲһλ۵ġҲ֪ô£ͬʱֳеΪȡ
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ԭ;Ͳߣ׵ǰԵøӰСˣʱ֮ͱøӸ׳ǰһСһնì׷ң
ôһͨҲŭֱʹأȽͲĨƽֱһգŵĽ𹿰͵ı䳤ͬʱȥһͷֱϴ֣žһͨһ㣬
ʱ񱩵УͲô࣬һϳìһתȻ˳ƾһ̣ȻҪԵ潫ǳá
ûв֮ӴҲԿȻ񱩵Уɱʱ򲢷ȫǣ֮Ӧ֮ҲǺ
ȴһ㣬еնìȻҲǷƷ붷սʤ𹿰ɲ˲ֻһΡ
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ֻһ̶еĳìǱѹһԲȻ͵ըѿһƬƬƬɲնìرôìûŪⳤì๦á
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켸Ⱥֻһ޴һ΢ţҶȻͫһжƵ˫ֱ۱𹿰ôһң۹Ǿ飬һ¹û֮ˣ
˵ԱڽĸƲһˣ˷Ӧ̾ҪȥˣӦҲǾ
нĹǿϳУʲôʱѾиˣµȥϳ͵һһ°׵ֱֶȡսʤҪ˰벽ý
߾ˣǱߵȻæŸϾɱղűǶУȻִͥѰôһʵ׵콫˵ʵ˼ɵǺģζļһڷ˵ƽӲ
ļλǵһʱ͵ó˽ۣһɱˣ̼һƴӱɢһſҲһȻ°׵һգǵ̾ͲӰʹûֹһ
Ⱥ֣ϧʵԶڹ֮ϣ㿴ǱˣɾʱֻҶһȣﲻ֪߶ʲôԶϼжȻ⻪ĺɫӰ˲ʧ±һƬʺ죬Ȼ͵Ĵ£ۼһֵĶȻжӡ
ⷬ˶һ㶣սһǴ˸գӶһģɼһʹ˶
̧ۼѾԶëһǰӣӵ𣿡һȣƾնһûʲô˲󣬾ͺԭôһһƵء
ɲڳУһӲӵˣӿûüȥƺ˵һ󷢺ͺǧһ


185 
ֻͨ巢һԾܹ֤һգ۵Ĺ뿪Σ֮أһͷ֮Ȼվʮ֮⡣
ڰվɲƶ䣬ʲһ֮仹صķˣѾָԭͣվִ𾦻ǰһƣͼʮŲϹķɽղ֮ؽޱ߽໥Ħŷһ죬˶ͷƤ顪ϰ㣬ЩɽͻϽʹǹҲסôǿķɽ
͵Ϯ
⽻֮ɢűԳһֻͷڡ׵Ƴۣ˫Ȼԣնŵ΢ЦԶԶӡ
˫Ŀ߲ת⻪˸һ֪Ҳһ˫˫ͫʲŷųǼʮɽȻûŪݣѾȫ䱸ΪΣ֮ˡ
ɽҶģ
΢˸ڣҶкˣһ񣬱ɢڿеļʮɫɽˢˢصȻϹһû㼴Ӱڳ˼ûǼʮɽòֻǿһƬƬϹڿж˼תȻͻصҶǷޱ߽֪Щɽ
߲ͥ˲ûмҶģ֣Ϊɽɾ̧ͷͷҲ䣬ɽҶģҲ֪ҶľʲôͣʵΣЩһŲ֪
ֱ죬ղһ²ŽЩ֪ҶĵֶΣ
ԭɽŻʵ
˵طɣû͵ĵ𣿡
ط㣬ûʵ˹ҲûǸӰû֪ҶĻطΪͲ֪һ㡣
ǰɫȴԽѿǰһѾоӳðһҶҶĪǾǣ
Ժõ̰Ŀתϣȸ΢΢˵ͷ˵ˣ
ʱɫѿΪ˵ʿȻԴ߱ƳɽǵǣһͶ֮ģǵСǵ͵ñ
ղҶʹɽ˶սʤһĻǶһǷɽҲиµӡ󡪡ǿɽһҲСӦˣο
ΨһܹεľһôʹģҪϰóռɱУ򼴱ǲҲûܹҶһ¡
Ȼǲÿû˵ȫǾǵҶĵʱҶĵΪߣ򽣾ȻǿᣬǻôɵԲƲҶĵʵʱȫǰʱչֳֶġ
ٿˣҶƼѾ˱󣬹ȡҩ̷ܹҲȡɽɵһЩҩͿ˫ϣһӦֻҪһʱգλºֿԻɱˡ
һԿ˼ۣҲ֪Ѱ˼Щʲôۺͽעת֮УʱҶ붷սʤţսһҲҶʵʲô̶ȣܲսǺӡ
ɽеĽֻ֣ƳҶĵľ޴ǱйֻҪλɽŰٰʮĹ⾰ҶĶȻͻɾ֮λ
Ȼ󾿾ʵȥʲô̶ȣҲ˵׼һǿҶĵʣоҪɽŵĸԵΣ
û뵽ҶĵĸԵԼĺõĶ࣬żʮ갡ѾΪɲ˵ʵҲҪԼԤǿ١
ĻǺӦʮþȵˣ
ʱҲ׷׵˫ۿУҪʶʶһսǶսʤޱȵĽ˴ܣɽżһ
ʱͥЩϢ֮ͨ˻ҶǰЩʱǧ׷ɱ˵˳һͥʿǣҶҲǴս֮ϣѾ˿̿ˡ
ҶվڳУ֮Ҳ΢΢һЩЦҲⵢʱˣ㲻Ҫɱ𣿱ŷ㣡
նƣ󽫽𹿰һգдһãȻСӲϳɱҲһ㣡
ΪսʤڷеĵλȴΪΣ߲ɵͲͣ˵߲˵ͲͣҲΪգͱһӻ˷սҲδûкúñһЩʶļһƵ뷨
ʱԸΪˣֻһ󵱿ԼȴＱĺ˰죬ʼղӦսһ֮ӦԼԼЩСס
سɽţȻʵ׼ɽǱĶˣɱɱ˴ҲǺõġ
н𹿰һձ˫۾ٹͷһ˼Ҫ˲񷣬ȻͷҽһҶĵذһºݵãҶһȺҲⲻˡ
һУƺҲʹҶĲҪȺʿҪ꣬ȴ֪Ҷѹûܣ̧ͷǽ𹿰֪ⱦҶȴ˿е£̽һͷ
𹿰жӲ
΢ָ̧һ㣬ɫ뵣漴ХһʱҶɫʰ쵣Ϲ⣬һһɹһХų˽𹿰
Щ˵ŷӣʵһգ֮飬ҲǿϹһһĽ֮ͺͣĿڶսʤǸ𹿰һ಻˶һܣֽ̧סȻϹѤõķ
һ֮󣬽𹿰ȻȥִŵҽҶһĽȻûʲôãȴҲ֪ⶫ̷ǳԼӲҲʲôۼ˵̵ļ֮һˡ
ѾȷºҶҲûбҪⶫϾοҪܵҲǽ𹿰ðӵǸӣ
Ȼֳ˼֣ԶԶȥֻģĿҶĵӰòȴѾˣƱһɫĻ滷ƣһĹ⻪ҶɢĲЩһһĽɢſ½
һһһ
һʼʱջܴӦԣǸ𹿰˳ƻĽҶȻֱҶķÿһιһӲĶ»ȥ
ʱ໹Զʱ򼸺ǽⲫһԶҲףɴŴշԼҪӦķɽԽԽ࣬еʱӦԲֻѡˣԽ֮ľҲԽԶҶƵûаּɫһһĴЩɫðȻڿлһĻߺɱԼҪ
ʼգҶĶûж֣շԼȻһֱںһѶѵķɽɱʱţԼҪǸҶĵĿҲڲϵĽ͡
ɶ񣡡
ͷ͵һԾļ̌ǰһʱǰһƬƬĶǳ˵ҲаŹ⻪ǰһᣬȻҶĶƲˡ
״˹ƻ治֪ӦӦж㷨ĥѣҲսḻһƺ뵽Ӧ֮
ִϰγëȻһЩë֮̾ͻûһһӣóǰһ
ǣɱ
һ£ٶųͳǰȥʱ鷢ˣǰɽȻ͵ɢ˿Щӽ֣ڿж˸Ȧ֮ȻֱԼ
ʲô
ɽһɢƬ֮Ҳ˶ֻҶȻƣȴѾǰǰģƲˣ⸱ģΪҶĵķɽѾȫ˳ϧûʲô飬֪ҶĿʹɽȻжϡ
һϲȺһӵϣԼԿԳŹһ󼱹ǿɽļһﱻôΧϣ³
ֻϧ֪ҶͬóⲫЩ֮ܵĻûйͼҶԶʱ͵һһȦֺһƴһнʮƵĿлӦֶ
ǺֻǰһڣӦûӦͱɢëûʣ£ҶһȥƲǰ֮һʮףǰһˡ
һȻͣȴȺԣҶֱӳм䣬ֻԴ㶺ˣȻԼ
ΧӣҶһͨҹҶķӦǿ˲֪٣һȥƻûɢȥҲӦһգһβļֻ漴ջأҲջأת֮˫һգǼûôùն־ʹ˳
һ׹ͲޱȭţƷȷһãҾУⳤһɨͺһݺݵһհ㣬һȭë̾촦̾ɢһŵҪһƬȷѪꡣ
ûѪҶɱҲûЩʵУͺڴһǳϷһҲûôǣǰôõĺʱһһʹֻһƬƬĺҽУƬ֮䣬ǰٶֻʣ²һˡ
Ҷȴëû˵һôΧм䣬ȴȺһ𣬻ûκεķڶս콫ǶĴˡ
⻹ǵʿЩʽδ̫˰ɣ
˵Աһ˫͵һУ󼹸ȴҶмʹһצˡ
ʵҲǸ⣬ҶıһдצֽһһצģûϵһצȥǰһӴĶǡץλȻ˳ƶΪһСɵ򡯣ͷƤ顣
һҶƳһƣֻ⶷սʤڰٱɽȻ֧穣ȴǣֻ˹òһݣ˫һգһ任һɫľۼ״Ǻĸʽע뵽Щ״֮С
֮澢ȻǰдһƬƬ˫ǰݵһƣ⶯һͬʱһպ˲һģڶ浱ƵأΧʽ廷
ֻЩ岢ȶǻھʱһˮɫ͵ıըȻ˵һΧһŽһŵıѣ屬ըɢǿԼмӵĸ־һ˲ͽȺɱ˸һɶ
һóҶҲ΢΢еʱûȺСһֱԼڷɽУӶûӣֻҪԼºݵģǶսʤͿԴɽгˡ
ĺãǱ߷ҲϹӣȻҶǴʲôˡԭҶļɵǺӵĽһбежȻȥ򽣾ǽҲһ˲ӳΧʹôӣʹǺӱڷɽУȻųнɱ
ʱǰٶɽɸʽĽʲô߽󡢺ɽŮĽǽȵȶʩչ˿Щʩչ˲عԱ仯ʩչ˳Ӳǰǰ󶼸˸ʵʵѸݣҲܴӷɽдж
ëԹɣ


186 һһ
ҶһҪȡӵҲʲôֵ顣Ȼ⶷սʤԹ޳𣬿֮Ĺսûʲô˽Թԣֳ½߾ȫɱ˵Էսȷѡ
˵ҶĲͥ񽫣Ҳְͥɣȫֺ֣ĳ̶ֳ˵һ֮ӦһЩϱֺã˭ĻռһƬ磬ҲԼȥ
ʵϣɽ粻ɶ˼룬ִսʱ򣬼ƲµӣЩְͥҲøָɻ߽ӹһս
ͬʱҲŲȺһսϸЩ¶ҲὫЩսɣ˫ϾǴĳĬһ
ԱһЩˣҶƺҲûҪֺ֡ɽɵһɽͥڹŵɣ˵ɽͥҲ̫˵ɶվǽͷϹɽɲУ
ͬʱһԵҶԼĸأǽɣ˵㣬޺Ӱʲôѹһϵԣı죡⻰ȺҲӦĺܣɲüԼʱǷ˺ãԺǵ˻ƴԼ
ԼѾ֣ô֣Ȼ󻹽ǵڷŻɽִ£ȥԺ᲻ѰԼ鷳һݵĽˣ
ɱһȻӲǼʵǿ֮˵˫ۣʲôɽžȻôҲ飬ʱʹ󾪣˲Լǻ۽ͳ˳ȥ
ͬʱȸҲһɫ⣬ֱˢҶģղҶҲҪʹһܱͣƵҶ˿Ǿ͸ˡ
ȴҶĶɫ˽⡪ȻɽկܹҲɫ⣬οοǺġ
ԿһˢҶĸ㶼㣬澢ֱӻһǳĽӲǰһƬռһ϶ɫˢǰʱ򣬾ͻȻʧˣԶĿҲǾһ
ʲô
ֻ֪ɽһʹ򽣵ķţȴ˻ʲôͣղ붷սʤһսҲԷɽӭΪչ¶һԼĽɲһ㣬ĽսҲǷǳǿģⲫҲǲ塣
οýˣɫӵĹĪ⣬мܣҶĸղһȴ裬ʱҶĻͲ֪ððʧʧĳȥƳԿľͻԼ
ƵĶ࣬Ǳ߲ȴûôЩֻ֪սʤҲͥɱˣôһҲͲôˣ罫׽ƣܲסÿͥ˼Լľж
Ȼ绹漶ĸûг֣ͥǱ߻ϾԼ۶û֣һ˵ּ˲׳浽ʱˣ
Ҫ̶ֳȡĿǰǾζŷ罫Ҫˣ
Բô˵ðǺӾȻ˲սҲǿοʧе֮ʧһλսʤ𣬶ʿĴҲ̫ˡ
ǻ۽ӣһ澢ȹҶĲԵɽҪЩɢȻһֻͨҪ΢һ·ǺӾͿƾŽӳ졣
ҶĲµĽôױƵģҪһЩҪ֣ҲҪֻбռݸλֹƣôЩɲҪ˼Σ
ܾ˵ڴʱǺƽӦԲ⼸޷вЩɽΣԱߵķɽλסȥ⼸ɽҪˣ䣡
οҶѾɱһ棬һغ͵׺ֱһСɽʹ˳ȥ
ⱾǵһУԴҶĻ챦ɾ֮󣬸ָ־Ϳʩչ±ǲڵҲƾ챦Ǽһеؾģ
ͱǰóǱԼʱʩչɽ
ɫ类Ƶĸɽ޷壬ɫĺˮһ˲ųĻ棬ӲλΪĻ𾢸ȵɢ
״󲻶ҧǱˣһţ
Ҷȴ£˳Ƽһû˴֮Ҳ
Դŭ̴ʹ𲻶䣬ƣǻ۽Ҳ˳һ棬Ȼһͺһȼĳһ
ʱҲ˲ʲôˣһľҪҶĿȻ濳ҶģյΣȻҲͽҲΧκԵߡ
û뵽ԼǰԮҶƵУֻԶԶԶԼֻʹĿȸһпϧ̫СĽûгǰ׬˸ҲǺ£
۾΢գȫȻѾͷĻ޽ֻǾĸоͬʱһֱһҲҶĵѾҶձɱɱ򽣹һһεʩչ˳
һǰδΪͬľǣ˼ȼұɫ֮ҲǻΪİߣɽжĲԼսʤ
ƬƬɫһ˲ͳ֣ȻһظȫռݣȻ˭ҲɫʲôǴĵֿ־ȴֹҪһ̽ͷ
ĽϽϹ֮ǱףԶԶıƿƬɫ΢ʲôָоޱηͬʱȻеϤ
ǱߵȴһȣϸоƬɫ֮üе۾ֹ۲˺һȵĺΧ޲Ļ罣ɽ󣿡
֮˶ܵͥҲǱȽзɽȻҲ֪Ϥ
ɰ֪ɽıɽɵɱ󣬺ųɲɱ˴󣬾ǽҲѣ
ıɽӦڶʹеϾϣҶôõĵģ
ĪҶ붵ʹλкô飿
ôţͼѾָƽһҡҡͷԣⲻɽ󣡡
꯶ͷĿվǸ裬Ȼֻһɽ󣬰˵Ӧǲǽǲǻʲô仯ģܹƳҶʩչһвɽ󡪡һĲǾҶһȻ£ȴɽǿᣡ
ⲻҶһоͺöԸˣ꯹۲һҲҶһеĪ˵ԼΧȺˣԼһСıƬƬɫУҲû³
ʱжҶĵ˲֪ٸΣ̸ģֻƾһУҶĻͿɽ統кˡΪɽܹӵһеļûмˣһɽĴڣЩƽＸҴܵģûȥѰҶ鷳
ɽҶһǿԺ˭ָɽ鷳˵ЩˣͥԺҲҪɽɹˣ
ʩչֶεҶģѾȷԼɽеĵλƾһУ֮¹ƾûиҺҶĽˡ˵ҶĽ֮¾޵У˵ʵ޼ҲðΣպҶʲô졣
ۣڼʮǰǼ֮Ҷ˵ѾǸߵ˲֪ȥˣǱڴƬƬɫеĲԼսʤ϶ô룬ǾȵķԼʹȫҲ޷ֺ
ָоͺضԼԣ˵Ƭؼǲܶһָоܣһ޴ʹıŤС
֮ǾͲЩˣҶʩų򽣹һס֮󣬲ûԥڵһʱͷ˹
һʱ䣬ɫе̸оʲô򽣴ġʲô١ʲô
ָоԶݣͺÿһ缡Ľиһڵһʱͻ촷ۣǸųƽղɿĶսʤҪʹˣҪܵĹǲʮ࣬Ϊûˣǿ
ǿҲסֹּĹڰ֮öսʤҲ촷糹ʧµľֻǸŲýĽ𹿰
ɫɢ̧ٿؼѾ˲ԼսʤӰʱ㷴Ӧٳٶ۵Ҳ֪ʲô顪ҲзΪսʤƾˣ뷨ŸðͼҶһ̧ǸӲֵĽ𹿰Уǳƽأɢ͵Ľ⡣
ͬʱһŲǻ۽𹿰ǻ۽ɾҪҵˣ˱Ͳ𹿰֮⣬оҶûжӽйƬɫУ˭˭ֻһͷǶͺҪ˽Ҳһ
ֻʣ˰ؽУǽлûĹԼ䣬ֱҲֻܹסˣձĩ˱֪ʲôװģҶĴʱǲ֪ˣǲѾײ
ңҶҲûƵ˼˳ֽǽһӣ˵עµڿȻ䵽˲֪ʲôطȥ׹ģƺҲԤʾŷĲ䣬˿ǽӸ߿µʱ֮Ӳ˵
ƫƫûһ˸ڳȥǽͶսʤ޷Ҷ߹һУǳȥ˼ָöԼ촦ˣҶǰβִɽȴһһðȻȵöսʤ𲻶Ϻ˵ĳɻĿ
ͥҲѻȸԼ֮ҶѾ㹻߿ˣɵͶսʤҶûʣµʵǰ֮꯾ԼСɽš
Ҳǽ֮ܵеۣҲ߹
Ҷ˳ǽ𹿰ˣ£߳Ҳδ𹿰ȻطǷҲ費ǾеѹְˡֻǾò֣òϰߣ˵
ˣ£Ȼ˳ƽһգҶһŷǰһ֮Ҷȴվǰ
չǲУǶսʤˡ˳㻹һ
ʱЦҲ˵϶ÿԼܸоĳԼЦݶǣǿӦһ֮ƼѾˣڿȸָȴңҲձ
ؾʱҶܾе죬˵ʤӦÿĲǣȴ죬֪ʲô
ѵұֵ̫ˣ
֣ⷬδûǰ¶ֶε뷨ɽɽҲ˺һˣûСŸջ˵㣬ƫƫִ˼֮ϣһЩ
ǰǧ׷ɱҪǺ󻼣ҲҪɽһսҲô뷨ڡ
Լͷе̫ˡ
ô࣬Ѿ˳ʵҲչ˳˭ұ鷳úõԼʵ˵
˵ԵģЩܵѰ˼Լܲܽ򽣹һɣ
ʵϣһ˼Ļ治٣ڽӵս֮ɽǿļҲʼҶһˡ


187 ע
شԮһô˻ٱͬʱҲµЩе˵߸ͻͥкúٲһˡ
Ҷһնɱ˷ǿߣҲɽɺҶĵĴ״ɽ磡
ǰҶһսȻǧ׷ɱֻɽɵǿ˵֪һЩ˽֪ʦҲȥɽʱֻλϾͽ֣ɽɲô⡣
һֳĶɾ̫ˣɷ֮ս˵Ŀ⣬ЩȻУȴҲʼնţҶһս֮Щɾָ֪ͨϢҶʲôû¡
÷ɽ٣ⲫǿᣬʽּ䲻أɱ˶սʤͲһСƲʲôֻǼؼ䱻һƬɫ⣬ȵɫɢȥʱ򣬾ֻʣҶһˡ
ɽɵѾ赲ˣ
ɽɵĹʶȻûлϵǲǲͬжϡ
һоҶһսģͥϵλڡ
һУ۶ϣǰŵ١
ԴսʱͲͣͥǰ֮䣬ΪľǸ۴ʵ׼ȷϢǰ߾ڲһЩսԼͽ۲ƳһЩǧȻͥоͿǱߣǧʵޣܶණƲУȻ鷳ȴòˡ
£һкǹ죬ƺ̺֮ȻۣȴҲƲϸΨһԿľɫ̺罣
ٻشҲΣʱǳսʱھУĴͷβսһͼææصͥˡ
罣
һʣǳһ
ĪҶĽ赽Ͼɽ󣿡
ٲԣҲɣֻǵʱ˵ĻҲ֪ɽӦøǿᣬҶĵһȻǿĽͷƤ飬ȴûﵽɽĳ̶ȡ
ӦòǣҶһвɽǿᣡ
սɽֻùһΣһθµӡΪ̣ʱҲǼ˸һȻܸ
ɼô˵ɷŲģָͣţüͷšһ𣺡㲻ɽ󣬵Ҳ׼Ľеĳһ
ɽҪıɽɣıɽŽɽ󣬵ıɽóˣ
ҶõĲɽ󣬵˭ܱ֤Ҷûн赽Ľеһһɾܹʹóδ̫һЩ
Ҫǣԣӵⲻʹʵ൱£ȡƵķӶҶĲãĻԸҶĵΨһʵռݾơ
ڻûʲôۿǽɣ಻ôĨƽģ˭ܱ֤ҶĲɽɣ
ٶһ̫Ͼˣ
һ۲ͣ˼ͬʱаһ֪ĪҪǴ޸ڵˣû뵽Լסˣ
üչڵֻǾվţҲ֪ʱ˵ʲôûãܹӦ֮ȻῪڷԸ벻ԼҲӶ񣬻Ǳĺã
տĴһӾͱ쳣ָûҲѾˣһգһֵָͣİüģ˫۱ţһģ
ȲЩˣһսȻܹķˣδǧ֮Ҳ֣ôǱأ
ڿڣҲһ۲˵Ҳ£ҲܣۿѯʷܹһˣΪҶǰæԼ飬ƺЩֵļ󡭡
Ŷ
ټɫԼ֪λҪ֪ϸݣֻýԼ֪Ķ˵˳ƥ˹ڲ⣬ǾȴôڸԶ壬ң
·췴һվǺôһ飬ɹϵɽֲͥܲעֻΪ·;ңԶмָŰƥ˹̽һһҪʱ䣬ٲ˵ôģ
ĿǰѾɳǰȥ̽飬ĿǰõϢԵ֪ƽڲңʱҲٷһսˣͬʱƥ˹ɽһͨҲæһû˼ߣ
۵˵ͷҶģм͵ģֻƥܰϳһ࡭ϧվһţΪã
ˬһˣǿ߶ЩˣͥһЩɢޣҪô񡭡
ˣȽһ̽ˣϧҶôһκϣԭıͶòˣ
ٵͷרĿ棬⻰岻Ͽڣ
Ҳ֪ٲ˵ʲôҪ⳼ӵ˵ҶȥǼ£ЧΣ
ټͷƵӦһ΢Ҳ֪ҶĵΪȻѾףҪ¡᲻Щ
һУԸȴʲˣȻ٣ʵԼıʼôʵʩźãôشʵҲʲôӰ졣
뵽˴ֱվֽ£ȻԼҲԼ޹ȥˡúѰ˼һлǲС
ͬʱǶʹУ̫Ͼһڵģһ۾Ҳû
ǰŵľԼͽʦʦͽһֻͣʦ˫ţȻ󾲾Լʦڡ
Ѿ𣿡
ǵģʦ˵ͷת֮󣬵Ǳȵ࣡˵˴ղʱ龰ǲԽĹ
ϾǸģǸĸ֮ˣʧѲʹŸһ֮˵ʬϣòªǸ˽ţ̾ΪʦָһպҲǰɾͣ
˵˴һֱŵ۾˿һ֮µһƤңΪʦִֹЩʹָܹΪȴҲˣ
ʦ룬ʦҲصǣһʦܿһھӣھԣպΪҪԶ
˵Ҷ𣿡Ͼ룬̾һסɽϣɽھӡԼͽе֪ҶĽ˼еǾֵĹϵƵء
˵ҶԽǿѹҲԽʹͣԼ
ҶĵʦܵĸԵˡ
Ȼع鶵ʹϾǶʹ£ŻҲΪͲǵˡ
ǿǵĸֲϾ֮תһʹɽ硣ʱ˭ɽɼӣ㲻ϾӣҲҪǰɵӣ
ֻɽɼˡʹԼлļ֪ǰ˭Щ˶ٶڰӦ˵ɽȻŸ𲽣δɾ;Բ̫͡
ڽգǰлϾģԵǽ𵤸洦ԽԣΪһǧֵо飬Ҫ˶þܳɾ֮λˣҪԼˡ
һ˵ҶģϾյԼ˵ˡ
˵Ҷģһɱ˶սʤͲ
ʦʱҲڳȻҲ飬Լʦ̸£Ҳɫһ졣
ϾٺһЦյһγԵı飺µȥ֣
ʦԣϾʱãȺɻû֮ǰѾϾˣ̫Ͼʲô뷨
ǺӺһʦһΣû뵽վûӹһ
ϾЦǺɽһλ̽ϵҲǴ֮ɷ֮ûֱӵĳͻϧվֻǱϵģһսǲɱ֮£Ǻһ£Ҳע
ȴúȻɱˣҶĵʵǱ˵Ļǿ֣
ʦ˾䣺ΪǲǶˣԲŻᱻһɱ
Ͼ΢Цˣܹɱ˲Ҳһ֮¡ϴλ˵ҶƺԴʹ罣
ǣӵʱһУǴɱ˲Ƕսʤ
ϸ˵һ飬֮ϾŵһУǸպÿΪʦһа
ʦȴ£ʦһʹҶɱУҲʩչ
ⷬǹάԼʦ롣̫Ͼ̫϶ʻԼһ壬һʩչԽмܲסο
ҪǣϾΪһ÷ҲɽжĴڣ̹ᦡ̫ͼԼɽ⼸Ĵɽ˭˲֪
⻹Ͼȫ籦ȵʤϾŵһնҲʲô˾ܳܵ˵ĺñ
һΪ֮ˣŶķɲһһô򵥣ʼղ̫ϾʹöʹٲȻһȻĴڣ˵ɵϾһѡ
ʦΪϾӣʦʵ˽ĳףȻҶıֳʵ˲ĿһɫľҲ˼ɵҪ˵ϾȣǿɲĲһˡ
Լʦȴô룬̫Ͼ뵽ʲôһҶܹôһУɼʸԵ֮ˣʵףѱᱻһ
ʦƤһ뵽һܣʦ˵
Ͼֽ۾ϣḧһףЦ
ģʦһ¾ȷԼĲ²ûдĻƺҲûʲôõĵġǰԣҶĵʵԼʦᲢۣΨһҪĵģ˵ĺС
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żֻҪͿɡҶҲǸڱ֮˵껹˾䣺ˣɱ֮ɲ
֮£ĳȻǲģԴ˶սʤͲҶֻԼߵĶһƬƬעĿ񣬽ӪǿһʱգҲס׼ȥˡ
񲻶ͶսʤѾսһʱƬҲܷҲûҪ£ɽˣ˵껹꯾ֵܾ˾䣺ɽʲôڸҲʲô
Ѱ˼꯳һ£ֱӵͷҶ˵ǣ
ҶԴͥ뿪ʱܹܺ͹ǰֻͣǹضСݳȴҲ֣ҶЦЦ˵˾䣺ؽϲºˣֻһף
ԣ̾ͰѶһȭˣͶлҶˣ
һԵ˿ְԼǸҶģⶫɣҪлҶɳףұɥë֣֮
ҶֽպãЦЦ󱳣ҲʵףѰ˼лҲסúһ
ҶǣΪһսͥڽɽɵкȤܹɽпԸתã
Ҳ֮ϲˣźľ֣Ӣħ統ֱƴͳۣҪˡ
Ȼ֪ԼѾ˲õ˶ϵҶģɽﻹ߶ţؿС˰ɣ


188 ɽ
뿪ͥҶ泩࣬ɱ֮ʵĵط˵Ҳѹࡣ
תͷ˿һƺеζȻһͷǽԶȥľӪ
ܽĳͳı޺վսϵĽͥʿȻͣϾͥı䶼һһģսǱԱʣ
ⷬһ˵һԵҶȴаһʱôˣѰ˼ǲǿԽսȥ£һԼ
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һ·ƮƮҡҡҶҲûм𽣹⣬ֻôƮţͻȻ˵һ䣺˴ӪʣͻȻȾˡ
û˵꣬һƿӣ˿ǾӨ͸ǳĽƿһھͰ⴫˵еʮȶͷ˸⡣
ȹһƿ׾ƣδ촽ȻſʼѯԼҪʵ飺ˣףǲǻбʽ
УҶȻ֪ʵУǶǰ˲ڵĿʽа֣οһЩʽ
˺ϲɫʱһΣ
ֻҪܿϣһҲ޷ⶫҲʲôɽ֮οҶĻ׼췷УִƷҲûʲô⡣Уʥ°װ֮Ķˡ
ɲ֪ЩֻλҶŵ濶ֺ֮ö˵˾ˣ˿ɲϣҲǸԵˡ
վҲǲúôˣ˶ãҲҪ˺õĵҶ˵Խ˼ɣЩһЩ뷿¶˵ҶˣԻҶĶϤϤҲһЩ
ˣٸɱڣ
᣿ȻôҲǰ㲻֪ôˣ
ⷬҶĳʱ˻£ϾȷôʷȻ˵еıʵ˷Ųġ
ϸһɣҲôһҲͶôȴԭĵȷص֮⣬Ӷɵģ
ԼƺûҪ̫ʹʲôɫҪɽɺ֮û־ͳԼͻֻദĻҲһɽ֮ˡ
뵽ҶҲһЦƨɺҲжˣֱʱԼЩɼҲһôˣ
ͨ͸ҲͲ統ǰ㣬һ·Ȼûʲôǲ˵˵Ҳ̫ģҶҲЩɽϵȤ˵Ҳʼɽϵˡ
ѰȻڹɽѰһľ֮ӣҲһ£
һ仰ְҶĸ˵ĳüһĸȥ
ϧ֪Щ˵ͣȻĳһ䣺ˣҶٰܷһꪣܾò
Ҷĵ˵ͷȻɽ˵ҲɽܷҪֻꪣ
ɽȻԶ෨Ҫ˵ĻûУҪһҶûг෨ͼֽûͼֽĻҪһǾҪƾԼȥһǳ޵Ḷ́ɽЩȻҲЩҵףҶĻûɽʱÿһ֣Ӣʹ޾һﲻͣĹĵʲôֵ;ޱȵۡ
˵˵ߣ֪ͻصɽԽǽɽȦмɽҶĿǸڰϵĸɽгһֻλԶһӰɣ
ҲǵһοɽǰЩѾɽ棬ûȥˣʱټɽǾ̾ɽеȻԽһɽ帡ڰգơˮӸߴбһɢŵâ˿ɽ޴ĺϵһ
ʱǡλɽ棬һɽϻһСĺˮǴĴȥģʱֻɽ棬ȴû뵽ɽı滹ľ£ƵȻˡ
ҶţԺҾ֮Զӣɳְɣ
ҶƣָĲɽµɽǺǵطɽΪƽ̹֮ΧƬƬ֣ȷҶｨСʱʱȥСסգϧ̫ʼûܸж
ǵط֣Ӣװ˲ʩ˸ȫɽṩˮ֮⣬ҲṩһֵΪһЩɼҷûƻĻһĵط
˼Ȼ޲֮
ҶĴӦиǿģڿƣԽԽϲ
ʱҶֵͽ֣ӢΪ߶㣬һС·Ǻֱ֮ͨǰͥԷԺҪǶˣ߶Ҳܷ㣡
ദôãҶѾƺ
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ǰУڿ˸Ȧɽǰ棬ҶĴд󻤳֣ӱȻܹƼɽϾòȴ䲻ӱ𴦽ӽֻᱻǴס
ΪҶҪƵǰȻţ鲻ǵԵɡ
պҪߣȥɰݷãҲҪС㣬ϸŸɶЩƵֶεģ
˵ͷǰҶĴߣȴȥ߶Щ治
شŵĵӵ˵ͷߣͬʱΪԼɽϵĲ
Ҫ˵ɽɵĽΪģʹ˶òҶҲеˡ
Ǵ㳡һЩƽ֮ҲǱҪдʱĳأͬʱ֮ʱҲǴȻЩһЩŵŵӶԵģ
ɽɵ򵥵Ľһ֮Ҳ֪ɽɵĵźֵ֮ģһЩѲӡ´඼ŵŵҲѵõĳһһϸ½̵״ĵӻиżڹ㳡ϴҵѧϰһЩбȽϴǳķš
ⱾҲûʲôģҪͷؾ͵ñȱ˱ֵĸãǱֵĺˣȻͿ԰ţѧϰøǿĹ
ֻѯ֮󣬵֪ɽڻͽˣרĵеĵӡ
ǵǻԽԽ٣
Ѿɲ˶ܳɹҲ˶гõԪһ֮Ҳ뵽йؼ
Ҳ⼸ʮ飬ʱҪʼŵˣ
ôУ
ɼɿɲѰ׵˽ӣžͿѧĽǣɽλأǸڰյɣЩҪʦҲǼ׵顣
ӳɳȻҪʱͿԽһЩʲ˴رɣ
⵱ҲҶͷ۹ȻҪߡ·ߡôҲܾʣôάһɰɣοɽڽ̵ô󣬾ʹӵĵҲ٣ЩˣֻǼάôľɲʲô顣
ԣɽɻǵñʵѪҺ䣬Ҷѯ˱ɴ¶ô֮Ѿס
⼸취ҶĻҪɽɴһƷƣһƴѧһѾɾˣҲɽɽһ
ֽҲڶɽ磬깵ļλҪҪѧ㶫Ҳɽ롮ѧѾȥſ˹ڰƥ˹ɽϽռһ׵ĵλŵȿ϶˹ɽɡޡ
Ϊ˹ǿζСȻгĿܵģҲŮһȫԼһ
ҶʹûܳΪ֮⽫һŬ򡪡ûбѡ
֮⣬չҲǰҶҲ˽ѧҾͽ̡ȻɽɺĵЩ֪ʶ϶ҴģǵƤë
ЩĵĲ֣ɽ֮Ƕɽ磬ҶĻͷͥСͥΪ߶սȱͷɽɿ԰߶˵ģһȺеȵҲֺͥǵˡ
ʱͥд뽫춼ɽϵɽɶԽҲˡ
Ȼ־ѳ֣ɽϵͥΪһɲС볹׵СϵռͥǼǲܵ飬ǼһԴˣȻķ
㳡ͼһӭ汼ҶĺͣΣһʩ񣺡ʦүү
ôģȫҲһˣǰŮȻĽŮˡ
ŶòΪ
ϴλҶĶûô˵ǱƼǶʮµģ֪Ѿͻ˵ɵǵżĻҲѾˡ
ȻɽɵĹľפյĹЧС๦ٵ˻ŮӵòֻòҪжϳɽɵӵ䣬еѡ
õ֪ͨʦүүǰӭӵģ
ŶҶĵ˵ͷ㵹ģ
ȻƣֳȻûˣƵʦ̺ʦأ
ʦȻѩ£ʦָͣ˵⼸ɽеˣôӰ
ȺӲҲΪһȥһæĲУ˵ɽϣµҶȺǣֻҪһЩشͿˡ
ʦ˵
˵ʲôһ仰׹ЩæûԼԼǼŷ˻ˣԲŽһ
ʦ˵ҪʦүүԼȥǣôදȻѾСһֱɽﻹʹ࣬źүүҶģⷬȻתле㲻
ҶĲ⣬ЦЦ˵ûһһȻɢȥʲôϡһҲЩ
죬ɺ쳤ҲѾҶĲڵЩʱգСһҲչֳ˲׵츳ҶĵЩ̵ַСһһҪСɽɾŴɫ
ϾԶ裬ƽĺȻӵĶ࣬ƽѾЩܾǷʲôԻҲǳ֮С
˵˼䣬һͷҪкȴλ󽫾һ˫۵ɵͭһ²ͣĴԼ⡮Ů
һģҶĲɵðüͷˣ
⻰û£ͼ󲽴յԼԣҶɳҾðɡ
ã⺢ͽŮ۱ŮҲ֪֪׵ˣȻҲ
Ŷʧ֮ɫɫ任֮һԵƵĿɿڴһ㲻˾⡣
кһλȽȰŸסΪʦȥϢˣʲôֱȥլѰұǣ
ǣʦүү
鶪ҶҲͲȥˣΨһҪľһ˵ⶣһ䣺ģɽϾû
Ҳ仰һηŵģҪƺһӣ
ЩҶǲ׼ܵģ˹װοһҲˣֱתԼԺ䣬ȴһƿڵԺţͼ˿ȴŻ¡ѩа߯˹٤һµ߻εҶֱӻۡ
ϣһͰڳԻƸҿ𣿡


189 ˣ
صɽô⣬ҶҪľɽǰɽĻεȻҲչغúһκԼڵչҲá
ΪǰòͻƳΪɣȻ˺óһʱʵⲻѾȫȫˡοǹɹûס
ȻԼΪɽկǲô£Ҳ˵׼ֻڲȷҾôΪˡ
һ㣬Ͳ֪Ҫʱоͨ͸ȻҶһֵĸоԼĽоͨ͸ˣԼҲܹվ۷ˣָоҲڸ㻹ĺأ
ԼĽٶѾΪɹۣʱʹһ鷲˳ΪɣʵǿһλҲøеˡСĵ־ͷǰƴҪʵҪѱ⣬ɽ֮ûʲôвĵˣͿʼ״ˡ
ҶĵԸһ㣺ǶоʼվñŤοǻԼڣһ㣬Ҳ᳹׵ķֻǲ統ôڷܾǡ
ϢһҹԷгһԺĿʱǰֻ̣һŮ뻻һƣ򿴹ȥöӡ
ִ̧ۣŽգ⼸ŮҲ֪Ӳý˿ŽգǲҪţǲԼҲš
ֻǡ
⵽Ҫʲô
߯˹ɱͦ۵ưһۣȻ͵ҶĲһԼ顣
ǻ¿˿˻󣺡٤ԡġ
ڲɾ񣬻ñ𣿡Ҷһ벻ȺŮΪʲôЩ飬˵ȺѾˣԺҲ
ֻⷬʦõһǰۣԼƺһ䣺Ϊĳļһģ
ļûг죬ڵıԹ˽ҶҲôϸ΢ҶΪ࣬Ƕλмʾûзһϵǰǽ˸С
Ŷ
ϸһ룬Լȥһ˾ʹŮ˻һȻûдһգ⼸ŮΣˣŷҪֺԼ
ôһĻ٤Ҳɲģ˻Ϊϰ赸٤ԵϰߣûЩȤ
ȻԼܹôҲûбҪԣ
ȳȥתתǼţ
ٺһЦȻߵǰ棬Թ˿кһˣƺ׽ҲòˣЩʱҲɽһˣܴɽϣ
˿ϲɫͿʼѰ˼ɽˣֻҶһֱûҲʦкԼȥҶĻѰ£û뵽Ҷ
ɽѧվΪ˱ǿȻȥǷ鷳񲻵ƾǰָһȷתΪͷǲͬģȻѧϰǿžڵ򲻹Щ֮ģԱҲǴ´ˡ
ڵҲһƿǴɽϿҲѼõķɽӼʶͬʱһЩ˲ɱľ顪ΪΪǱҵģ˳ҲϼǱ߿
Ȼһ·Ͽ϶ƽһ˳Уܻܿ鷳ҲҪҶĻ뿪ԵɡҲŪɽͻزˡ
ʵҶǲģתԼĪһСʱ󣬾ͿѾ̵٤Ĺ˿ȲĽŲı˳ѾͷôˣǺСŮһ
ǵҶһѾͷǰһصĵõɮ֮ǹӹиӵŨ˼֡
ʦ
ǲǼɽһʯҲ˵ףȻǰ;λ֪·ѾѡˣԵúܺá
ʱɽ𣿡
˿ȵ˵ͷˣ
ҶҲʲôףɽɵĵӶеӣУ˵߾ߣˮ
Թ˿һĶҶתתºܿ˱и𷨱ʹصķ
ɽɵķԽԽ࣬ҶҲܽʲôˣרŵĵӿܡûµʱ͸Ҳһɲ£Ͼû˭ɽ͵
ǰǿƹỴ̂ЩҲǼ죬Ǵ淨ĲֿľʱȻħвҶҲܺɵҵԼҪĶ
һ˳УҲһʲô飬ԵľͲ˵ˣЩؼʱҲЩã
ǴʵƷֿȡһֶ˹˿ȣȻɽɻ˸ʽʥ£ۼȣʥѾǷǳƷȴڲԽ׶Ρ
Ҫ۱ݣСȣһʥ±Ȳ˵ǿԵͨʹãʥ²Щûд﷨˵Я鷳
˿γҪߵ·ɲ̣ŸͨҲûʲôԣοеıһף˿ɽ֮Ҳ˽սⲫ·׻ս˵Ҳһ
Ҷĸ˿ȵУһͷʨӣ˿˿ǲ˳ҶͻȻеͦӵġ
ȴףҶĻȡһкǧɽկӡ齫ư棩˫ֵȷϹ˿ȱʹŵǷֻ֣Ҫȸ㼶ǿ֣˭ҪԺôһ
˿꣬ҶĿ˿ûôúԼĹĵӣһʲôȲĪҪǿ
˿֪ҶǶԼֻҪܱסʲô鶼˵ΣҲĪҪɣɽʦ
˵ͷ˿ȳҶĹʩһȻתֱͱɽȥˣ
ҶûȥֻͣǿŹ˿ȵӰʧˣ̾һʱ޾ôת˳˿Ҷģŵĺ«˹ȥܹҲҪ뿪ʦıӻģǰǿĺ͸𣿡
ƺͲ޾ˣҶĲûбֵĶôԾ˳ֽӹ«Ȼͷ͹һڡ޾ϼһҲŪģ«кþơ
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˾ЦҶ˸Ӿ͵ȥʲôʱģ
޾ӦѾԼ˲Ŷԣôð˳
ǰղŻ֣ӢСЩ飬û뵽Сӱеȥˣ
ԭ޾ɽֿʼĵмСŪףѰ֣Ӣǡ֣ӢҶĽеħ磬ûײ⼸ɽԼǼ⡪һЩƼ⣬ɽϸϣģҲڣҲܸԼıһ£ܱԼЩԴ˵һϲͨĵǿ
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޾ҲʲôˣõϵĻҲǸѧҼȻСסˣĪǸɽ
޾һھͰҶ׷ˣûʲô˹ĶƽԼϵͳԼϵͳĽ
С⣿Ҷֻһʹ̫ѨͻͻͣҪСĻôʲôŽд⣿˹ڶԴ
⻰һ˵û뵽޾ȻЦ˵˾䣺ڶҺ֣Ӣ˼ǾĸȽϺڻ˵ҪһЩжϳ
˵Ĵ޾ȫȻǰҶĶҶĻֹסĳƪۣҲ͸Ҷһɽ˹ľƷᣡ
Ҷľã˴һҲһὫɽ綼˵ĳأôһܶ޷˸е㣬ȻʼıչӹĿռ䣡
ԴĶԽԽű߼ʣҶľٺʹ޾ȥҲñɷӣ˸ͷͺʹ޾˱û뵽һ󣬾Ϳûһô£ȻŶͷϵĺˮ
Ҷͷ˿죬Դһ֮󣬻ûעʱʱڣһƣע⵽ˬˣֲʢʱ֣ôŪԼһͷˮģοΪѾ֣ûҪܵ³ɣ
ƵʱҲվҶĴк
ôŪһͷˮ
ε̾˿ǴǰǸѧӣòײŽҪҵ
֪ڰ޾ϣ˵ͷûмˣ֪ЩԼһϲͨҲǰʡ
˳ЩԵ飬編״Щڷ﹤ѧϰĵӱΣǲҪһʲôһ飬֪ڻѾ˱ȽƵϵ֣ӢḺз죬׸𱣴͹ѡЩźһЩѰӣڶɸѡ֮ҲѾȷ˭Ϊʽӣ˭ֻܸЩӵĻʱԱ
ҶĲڵʱʾͺѩ֮ЩѾ֤ԼĵѾõɵĴࣺ˵ģҲҪȱ֤òĵ㹻ԪΪɽɷ
ĹսΪǿΪףϵҩƳĸֵҩЩǵĽٶȻǺģ
ȻִĵӣɵΪɽҲ򲻹һóĵɡ
һ·Ϻҹţͬʱ˵˵ԴҶһ󣬻һʱὫɽڵŪ˸һҶһ·ߣǽɽĿǰ׵Ūˡ
ԵĶûʲôȵڷչţֻһܾȡ
˵ȸɽϣ
ǣ˵ͷǶǰѡĸСŵСϣһֱڶŶǰ״
ŶҶ֪ȸܹעû뵽Ȼע̶ֳȣԼһȥһҲٰʱ䣬ȸȻһֱţ
УǶûأΪԼǶôҲƹضˣĪʲô⣿ʲô״
ȸȻڲ࣬ûʾûʲô⣡ϾǷǷһĹȸҲǷһ壬Ϊ˽ⲻˣƲ
ʱȥ˳Ҳȸ˼Ҷôˣǰɽϻ˵Ҫٲп
׼ֱȥȸȴԱߵͻȻһͣȻ̧Լ۾һ㣬ȻҶľ۾дص
ԭὫ̽ͨѶʩֱӵԼ۾ϣ⵹Ƿ࣬Ҷľȵǣһ͸ɫľƬȻ৵һ±˴ɫī
е죡
վֹĵһȻ˵ʲôֽ֮۾ָԭɫ͸״Ȼüͷ˼Ҷ˵һ䣺оˣ
Ŷԣ
ҶĻȻȻ׷ʣض˵ʲô
漴ͽشϢҶģʱҶĲ֪ԼµЩӣڿʼˣ
𣿰˹ˣһʱ䣬ѾԼԤϵ˺ܶˣ˵ôòɱ˰˹˹
ֽƥ˹Ҷ˵£ŵԼʥκϽսȥˣ˹תڤսֱȥȺʹ鷳ȥˣ˹һʱƬǲѹˣ
Ҷ˺֪ŵҪ˹ˣƥ˹ɽҪˣѾսУ˵ɽھûһǰƽģ
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ĵط¾Ƕ޵ĶǵطΨһڵҲǶ孵Ѿ֮ͥ¡
ҪǽħҲΪڶĴڣôǵطҲ̫ƽ˭Ҳ׼Ǽһ᲻ɽ⣬ϾλǧһۿһżҰĵļһ
ĬĬһ㣬ҶľȵķɽɾȻڲ֪ѾΪЩ߰ԼսĹؼϵ·սȻûֱӲ룬ǰƥ˹屻ǣⳡսĹ͡
ңԼ԰¶Կӣָʲôʱͻκϵⳡ̵УʱûĲ뵽սУҲûʲô̫Ĳˡ
ͥս׼κϣǰЩһս֮󣬾ҲǲˣʱѾ˳ԹĨƽǼǲܵˡȻڹ֮˵ʲôԹԷŵһԣǰǶԷԵõ档
˿ͽܵĴڡƺҲԤʾ罨ôõĽ顣Ȼǰר޷ͨһľȴǿȸѪ𣬶ڲɱ֮󣬿ȸѾǷ粻ɻȱսˣƺûܷһǿɽ޺ãֻһĽ
Ա߸ŵᣬѾͷ촩һ׷ʷʴ˶װĺڷҲǲô۵۾ֱһΪ߿Ŭ̵ӡ
ôŪôӣ
Ϊڰǰ֣޾ֲʲôɵĻƣҴƽʱҲô㣬ģ
ҶҲֻһʣشҲ͵˵ͷ漴ԭת˼תһ䣺ضЩӾϵһ𣿡
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ô˵ûʲô·ˣǱͨѶǱ߷ʲôıʿ϶֪ͨʦŵģȻֻôһͨѶǴһжԤƵķչ
ܾƺе̫˳ˣѵǰ˾ƲԾ
ʵϣõĹҲ߽ϵۣǸڿؼû
ֱŵùľʣպͼӰʹ쳶ϴλƺҲе֣ùе㲻ġ
ƥ˹ͻȻսеֲһеĸڶʹŵѱ䡪·ʱѡĵȷܺãþڳﻮŽƥ˹ɽʱͻȻѱ䣬ҽþŵıͲö͸¶˳ȥʹðƥ˹ǰӦԣȷ˹
֪һеԵΪҶΪŵԼ·ǣߣЭ飬Żǳ׼ȷĿסþţùޱȵܡ
⻹ʲôùɵǣ·Ȼ統սֻ֪ƾѹˣʼĽаеĻֱ仯Ҳ֪·Ϊѹĸı䣬˵ǰǽһ
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ռפضߵƥ˹ɽĽڰƥ˹ɽĽƺֻСС֣Щû˭ܳɧ
ƫƫڹôţҿʼ̳ȥ·ʱ̾дӶʹƥ˹ɳսͳµʹŵĹ
սǰ˹Ǹ𣿡
˵µս񣬽˹
µսϢȰƥ˹ʽɳ뵽սùԾΪ֪νİƥ˹һͥɽϵ嶼ѪԵϵģǵãѻµðǡĳͻȻ䣡
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һ˵һ㣬ǸʹɫͻȻúǹŹ֣ڹµ⣬˿ҵĻش˵ս˹ԭһˣƥ˹滹⽫Ϣɢ˳ȥڰƥ˹µʿ˸ǣ˼սѾ·ˣ
ʲôԭԼҪĶͣȻ󲻿˼ĿǸʹһۣⲻܣȺǳļһһΪͬȵĴڣ
ǲŹ鲻ţȴ֪ʹǲܶԼ˵ѵģôϢӦû⣬ǲ֪жʵжǰƥ˹ɢĻԡ
룬ͻȻ뵽һܣǸ˹ʲô𣿡
ʹ˵ͷմԴ̽ϢǸ˹ƺõ˶ĳִУԲŵõƥ˹Ͽɣ
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ڸ߸ϵϣڽһЩ߰㣬ƺ޹Ƭϵһ𣬶ЩƬһߣǡɽɡ
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ʱɽߣҶĻںлҳȻһ·ͣͣת˺ɽԿʮΧɽΧĸСЩϱûʲôϡ棬ԴѡһչأʹС˸Եı仯֮ЩСôͷ˱仯
ǸΪ仯СΪͷܵѣûµʱϲ棬ʱʱѩзһ
ʱһС˷츲صı仯ǵɢĿֲΧĿޱȣվںɽȥƣСƺŤŤƲΪ¡
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ȥƣҶƲȴܹоĵͲǵϵһɽ֮УͫȫʩΪ£ҲƲ澿ʲôĿֻһ޴Բ״壬һ޴ĵһֲĸ¾ǴǸɢġ
΢Ųһ㣬ڵһСϣҶĿȸλȸһɫĳۣźͷɽĴƮţ˳ͷ⣬һһվǵıԵŶڵķҲ
ֱҶ䵽ԣȸתҶʩһ񣺡߶ãҶ֣
޷Ҷȸ鲻ҲûʲôýɴʱΪ˲õͣ캣صҳһͨ
⻰վǻصǰҶָָС𣿡
ȸ˵ͷȻؼ൱߶˵Ĵڣ֮ʱȻһЩ󣡲ﾹȻԽǷ㾳磬Ҳʷǰˣ
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ȸҶĲ⣬һǷȻΪˣҲ˶ѣҪΪķ˲ǿվȲķˡǵʱһ󻼣Ҳ㷨ӣ
ҲǼΪ߰ѡżȻҲҪѡǿģԼʵĴڡ
̷תܹ࣬ôǿеתΪ˺ʵô
ĳ˵ЩתķȻôķû𣬵ķһУҲһȺȹˡ
¶ƣķ˵ʱɢһ㣬һй֮
ͿƳ֮ȻǳǿȸƲⶫһɣʵԼ㣬ҲޡǸһʱúӦǿôñԼǿҲǲܵ顣
һ˵ȸһ˷ܣȻûƴҲֻб϶ǿķˣ
ȻûչɣȸУѾͬ塣˵Ѿˣһķˣ
ҶĲԣܾȸȻûʲôףȴе㲻ˬϸƺûԼʲô飬ֻһ䣺Ҫ򶫷ף
Ȼȸ˵ͷôһֱ䣬гѾ෬ߴ٣һ鷳ˣ
Ϊȸһ峤ȸͬҲ縺ʹοΪ峤ʵǿѪڱϡٵķһҲǾ޴ʧ൱
ֻȸʼƲЩͬŮԣԣһֱòӣһֱ󣬾ôŮΪȻһ㣬Ϊȴɷϡ棬֮¾ͶעһЩö֮ԽôŮǡɼֿʼߴ٣ɴıʾ峤ĿˣǾĪҪߴˣ
ɽȶأδûжгߴٵ˼
ҶĲ֪ЩֻǾԸ޸ȸƺҲһѡ񡣱Ͼô˵ȸͥеλڷһҲ磬ĻԺϲʲôǳˡ
ֻǲȸԾΣҶֲǶҲùʵֻ̫࣬õȶ֮Լ
ţֻȸɫȻޱ࣬תŶڵķ򣬿и߶һɳˣȻԤĻҪã
ȴ֪վǸģкܶھͲʺУϰ֮ʱкܶಿôҲȥֻ֮ѡ߸ɴñ𷨴棬ҪĿھҪѰ࣬ʱȻҲҪࡪǼ仯֮ʱҲΪھһ֣ʱҲĶһЩ
ҶмǣΪסɽҶľԣµʱҲһЩϵ⡣
ҶĶϵԼļ⣬ЩͨʺôôܵĿھĹǣ֮ҲܽԼʺϵĿھܺջԼ
һĻǵʱԾͻᰴҶԵȥ˼ǿĹҸĶ֣²ӲһҲҪǿȥɶڶ˵ҪôĻⱲҲɣпʱһغˡ
Щ飬ԭûܹ뵽ģԲ˫ĿʱһƬ֪ԼֱҶľһ΢΢оȻһƬϲ֮顣
ͬʱҲǷˣ˵ܵ˶Ӱ죬СΧһƬƬϢ͵һȻȫۼ˵һ㡣
ȻҶĺȸע£ǱͺͺȫʯСϾȻһ΢΢һضȻֿһ
ʱƴСٲȻһСС磬˲Ϣ֮䣬ʹС糤һȵգ֮Ѿʮ׸ߣ֦ҶïͺСϳſһټɡ
⻹㣬Ҷʱע⵽ͺͺС֮Ұһð࣬Ƭ̹Сʹӹͺͺı֮ò
Ҷȼ䣬Ա߶һͩ
û䣬ͻȻһƾ𣬽һŵ֮ޱһǲ֮ϣһ޴ޱȵķ˰׳


191 Ц
չᣬգ
ԽԽǻۼɵķ˾ȻԽ޴˫չǧ֮޴̬ԶԶžͺһֻ˲һɽһ
վǰҶĸоȴӶ࣬ԼǰԶǹɴǿ֮޷ԭ򶨡
֪ǷһĹҲֹ֪ɹʵúǿû뵽Ȼǿ̶ֳȣ
ǰֻ޴ķɢƣԼҲ˶ˡȻǿ󲻵սǿʵϵΪĻҶĵʵԶԶȲЩվõɣĻҶȴ˭Ҳ壬ΪҶһΪΪɱɣ򽣾򽣹һȹҲɱ˵
Ϊǿս϶һӹɵģ϶ϰõôǿһʼӲʱҲӵмΪǿʵ
Ӧ˵ǿྡ
аһתͷԱߵȸλȸڶ֮չֳе𾪣㶵Ǿ޴Ļ˲һ
һֱ˺һ󣬶Ļڰһ֮ͣȻɢſֲԼޱĻôϵĻԼۣͩ㣬ԭۼһȻʵʣҶվȥͩŵĲһֻ
ѵ˷ˣ
ȸԴȴе⣬ƺɾڴʱǷ˵ı仯ȻûֹͣǼһ󶶶󻹷ųһҫĿĺ⡣
ڳ˶˫ͫ˵ЩâûʲôӰģһȸҶģƬⱬ֮ǾҲз˺ˡ
ںһţƬ֮̾ʱͩѾʲôûУͩһŮӣȡڷͷϴһѰȴɢľųȺɫĳȹȺϸգҲʲôʶɣҶĺȸ֪һëЩʵϾͷβġ
ȸԽԽϲϸǹŷǳԵЦݣ켸Ҫֵ˶ҶȴǲɫֻǾͬһʱ䣬ֶŮ˫ۺҲԼ
һɽ紵˳ķ˿ӭ𣬽µһСɶ¶˳ͬʱڶµһˮΰĶ׹Ҳɽ紵΢΢ζƺܽǶˮ֮
ⱾûʲôϡȴԱߵȸġףһһǶ׹ʲôãȻʱҲܲڣ
ԭǷһ㣬ҲǷ֮ʱʵߵ·ӡ
ҲȡǷ˵ҪϾȻԼķһǰ˲޶ķ˾ôһηȻԡķˡ
Уһ𾢴ĲǸղչʾĲǻһеľֻ֮֮Уκ嶼ᱻջȥ治Ƭ㡣
˵ˣһʱӦǾ䡮ȥôһ֮ΪһëҲûҪЩڡȻǻΣٲûʹϼֶΣǻΪµķӡڵУȴһΡ
£ȻһԲǷ֮ɵĶ׹ȻȸһɣƶѰıȻǴŷϾ֮˲÷ֺһ֮ע⵽һ˫üĿʼͣҶϣԾǶ׹һ¡
ôһȸһ˹תͷԱߵҶġ
ǶԶ׹ǵҶԱѩס˶ᣬ͸ġɽ󣬶֣Ӣɶ׹˶ϣЩҶǲ֪ģǶԼƳɣɢľȻϲ
һЩҶ˵㲻ʲôվʱѾվͩ£붫Զ
ϲ㣬ڹԲ
ţֻӦһȴԣϵϲɫȴزסԼɳصʱ򣬵һ۾ܿҶǴĵ׵Ŀġ
ȸվڲԶˡҪǶ̬仯һ»ȻֲϹӣҲɵӣǲͨʵСᣬƼôǰ׻ˡ
һ֮£û뵽ȻվһҲӦοˣԴһ˼ƺԼǰԭ뷨أǾ͵ûһ֮
Ļƺе˱ŤĸоҪһ֮Ҳȸķ۰ͰãɶҲûתߣ˵ȥȸҲô
һԾҶԣԼڣԶ˸кòڹԲˣ
ʵ֪ĵΪȸʱ򶫷ȻҪͷʶѣȸ˿ΣһͷųһȸƺڸԼĵ
ǹɾӶܣϷ˺ȸһ壬Զ֪̾ʲôˣֻûкˡ
ʱٴкҲҪҸ˵ͷϾһڣλҲüһԣܵûع
﹦Բ޳ɷ壬ѾǷһ֮ˣ
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ܾɵ䣬ȫ⣬ڷһ˵Ҳûʲôɽܵġ
Ȼ˾͸ûʲôӰˣѾˣⶫԼӣɺʵĽô׵ľͷ
ȻѾ˱ˣƻҪ汾Ƿһһ⣬ԺٲûһЩ鷳
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ѪͳΪأȻҷһ壬ôܶҪǵһЩأ
ⷬҲȸ׫һ壬ȻˣǶһЩ黹ǺŽѪͳԷǸ߰ӣȻԼѪͳΪۡ˵˾ԼҵĹȾָ
ʵһҲŮӣһҲȢŮӣȸȻΪȸһ峤ͬӹ涨Щ涨ԼԶѰĻҪϸ
ĸһͼйΪôһķӦ
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Ҳû˸ղǰ㿪ĵĸоȸһԡ
ЩƴҹĹ涨Ҳȫ˽⣬ϾĳҲһ塯߰Ĺ涨СͶ顣
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Ҷſڣ󲻵òϣ⻰ȷûӦԣΪ治ɽˡ
˵ԼһС˷ɾͷ֮ȻҪڷһ棬ܾһ
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תͷȴҲԼƺҪԼô˵һҶͷ綷Ҳôشźá
˰Σֻ˵һ䣺飬ȻҪԼһҲûʲôϸǣΪһʧĹҪЩԵĹ涨
ȸԣֻתͷ򶫷ʵǹ涨Ҳûʲô˵ģﲻ⡭
û˵꣬ͼҡҡͷҲȥʲôһģ
ô˵ȸɫҲôÿԾԼĻѾ˵ĺˣûʲô˵ģҪԼȥǷһǼǣȥĻЩʲôȫܵġ˻֮¡
˵Ǻܶ˶̫ں飬ĲҸ£˲޲ȢҲˡһȻгԱͨ飬ҲûһҪְѪ
жɡǿɽԵõϵİôûл˵ȷһҪһ֮һ
û뵽ⶫȻ
ĿҶһۣȸҲٶԣҲô֮ˣȻ⣬Ҳǿ˵Ķ˵ˣھΡҲˡ
˳ͻһע⣬οʵǿֵϴ󣬾ûзһΧҲܹһЩϵĲʱᷢʲôʣҲˡ
˵ҲϣΪôһһ˺ֻֽһЩϵ˵˸κζ
˵ĶˣȸƢҲĴʵƢͲôãղҲԼһӻʱڱˣɽʲô
˿ҶģĿʼûӹλȸȻ˵һҶĶ𾪵Ļ
ΪūΪ澡ţչһݵģ
ȸ죬һʱ侹Ȼ֪˵ʲôźã붫ϽһͰͣɽ֮УкöɼҸʵڲУԸҶŵ
һ˵գȸǲţȻŭһˣˣ˵ǰʲôΪūΪ澡֮Իɵ֮ԣ仰ɾȸۡ
һ߰ޱȣ˵ϸ룬ɣʹĪֶΣȴҲûһԷΪģⲢûԭ
׾ǷһǸ߰ӣɺɱͬھҲѡ͵ûʲôܹһ㣬ҲǷһĽ
񡭡
κζҶĵ˶֪Щ飬ȴһ仰ø߰ȸҲ޷ܣŭ߳һתȥ
ٺúѰ˼һĻߣ
ôһ֮ȸͲӰҶĻͷƶǿЦİɣöֻҪȸˣȴ϶ҡҡͷɫǣ


192 ߴ
Ц
Ҷֶ˶һۣǰ˿û˱ܣӭԼĿԼӣջԼûмȥȶ˿
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һҲʲôеȷмȸһ뷨ƺûҪˡ
ԣվ￴̧Աߵͩḧһ£̺ĲԼǼԼӦеͩҲ׼Ųˣ
˺ͩĹ£ҶĴ»֪ģοǰͩǶԲ֮ʱɵģ˵ͩʹ˶ļˡ
ʱ˵׼ŲߣȻҪɽӡ
ҶĵȻߣô˵ҲСΪľɣҽЩһᣡ
Ȼ˷壬վһˣסǲˣɻҪһᣬ⹤ڶɽɵ˵ҲѣɽҲ㹻ľʯϡ
ͬʱҶľԼסСԺҲѾǺ׵ˣɽеλ磬סƺҲŪرһġ
ƸղԼվĸСҲ׼סᵽСϣ
ƽסСϣԼЦ֣ǲ˴ˣͬʱµķҲԽĴһ㣬üŮסñơ
תͷ˿Ҳ֪ӦôԴҶĲɵϣȻоĳ治ӦӦԡ
վһԼֻԼʲôһԳЦЦԶɽס£ʲôʲôǷһ塭ߣһȺë󣡡
˲ǰⶫƺҲѾǡë֮һǰλҲûǷݡԾҶⷬ΢ЦҶĵ˵ͷ
ˣɺ󣬿ʲôԾĸо
ʱǷվǸãҲö֮ûʲôʣȻʱϿûʲô⣬˭֪أϾ˹Ҳһڹ
˫۸оһ£˺һۣҡҡͷûʲô״ֻھƺ仯ǰͬˣ
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ҶҲû룬־ͽסȻڵ˹ȥһ㣬ϸ鿴һûע⵽Լ⶯жϺȾһ֬ˡۣҶҲԼУ˫͸¶ѶϢƺǰͲһ
鿴һ֮ҶķֶھȻЩ죬Ǹˣн·Ҳû̫ܵӰ죬ӦöԶûʲô˺
ȷû֮ע⵽Լϻ˼ҲһΣһͻˣ
ûҪջԼ󣬶ҶģҶšβ׼𣿡
ҶţҲ֪˵Щʲôźãڷʣ˳ŻͷЩȥûжסգκò׽¶˸࣬ȻĴˣ
ʱ˶˵ϣдеѿͺһȻĵ̺ҲǴ˵Ҳ˱仯
Ҷĵͷ˰棬ȻͩǴ׳ϣǱգʱʱһ۲Զƶ䡣
ɽɽ壬ɽ۵Ĳλǡƶ֮ϣ⼸Сͺƺиһ
ֻʺѰ˾סɽɵоݴȫɽǲӰ죬ֶɾͣȻҲͲЩˡ
Ѱ˿ɽҲһɼҶ츣ءɽ帡ڰգǸƣɽ֣֮ûҲ֪ɽһɽ
ڱĵطƲҪ뷽跨ϵɽ֮ϣȻʵҲҶĽɽһ涼Ǿڵľ֮Уе߶š
ҶĻѡôطԼܹɵģš̽ͽܣû¾Ҹ徻֮ȵˮôһܼ򵥵ԸȻһֱʱʵֵĻᡣ
ҪȡЩȵģȴԼָŵϾˮЩͱȹˣεץץͷҶֻװûʲôָָϵһƣǶƺӢ۰
ԶһյϺ˯İӢͻȻһ磬Ȼ˯̧Դƺſ˻ȥ
˳Ҷָһƣƶ亩ɵɵͺһͷʷԲԲСܳԵıˣŶӶһ
ɽҲס˲ʱգȻ󲿷ʱ䶼ǰӢǼġͷҲһȤ
ˣαչҺ˺ܾã֪ɽˣ
ǰĶȻȥЩ飬ΪͲںЩɽϵ˶ˣֻҪҶĻڣͲ⡣
˷֮ʲô֪࣬ҶһɣͶãɽ
ңҲ֪ЩԼôҲϤˣΣϾڲôЩ飬۾һһѾȫģҲöô
һһԶԶȥһƬϣһٺӰһϰӰͿϣһһ㡣һ΢紵ɻζʱҲ¼ƬҶ˼⾳
붫˰գʱҶľʹһȥ
ɽϵĹأҪһԵģ϶أҲһ˵飬֪ܵͨһȻͲҪر֪ͨʱǺôƣɽ˭Ʋ
ԼԴͻȻðһֻ۾¶ȵı仯Ҳ˵עˡ
Ե˼ʱҲ׷ǰϲһǺƳ˶Ҷĺܿͱ˼Χȥ
վȥƣºѩлضڶԣȻ˵ʲôҲǲǹԼҶľȻһ䶼
ʱ򣬲һֱŵͻȻð˳ȻҶһ£ʦ֣¿ܵˣ
ʲô˼
תͷͼ͵͵ָһȣҶ˳ָǱһƣͿ߯˹۾ǹһЦԼ
ͷͻȻһ亹Ҷ˵ʲôˣλ̿ɲô׺ô򷢵ģԼͶ˵׵ǣһֱûͰ߯˹ͻȻأԼⲻλŮĲ
Ǳ飬ԺٲҪԼһ
תͷַѩͻҲһֹĿԼҶһ̾һãҲеˣ
Ҳ֪⼸ŮǲǹģԷʱȻûԼߣܵԱȥˣҶĳ˼ڣǡԱ߾ͣˣ
ɣ
ʲôش
ҶĵʦһۣȻʻأأ
ǱԤϵһЩͶЩԵò⣬شʱƺеģ⻰ȴ˵ףûа©ڿǸؿˣȥɣȥһֱӣһҲﲻ˶æͿԼܷͻƳɹˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾˣڵǽ̫죬Լеٶȣ
ĽǲҪͻƣǰĹ̹ȥϰ仰˵ǺúôһǱǵĹֻҪܹƿԼǿĹɾֻˮɵ顣
ѩͻ£Ƕ˵ֲͬ޿ѾյķǳˣķǹϵĲ㡣
һ㣬ԼǿԺúðһ˭г֮˾ͳһͶ¯أ
Ȼ̲˵⻹һ㣬ԼŮջôˣȴʼûлǡޡ֮£һҶһ޲ĸоϧҲο»в
ٻأɽϵڶǡö˸Ե
Ȼ˵˶гˣǡһ׶ΣҶĽʱʼӵɽɣ粻ǵɽʱɽˣһЩƵɼɱҲǲࡣ
ɾṇ̀ʼɵĿŬ
ȻҶ֪Ҫ޳ɣٹҲܣʵʼܹȲһܺõˡ˵׼ٹ꣬ɽɾܶһɡ
ңʵʼս죬һɽһλɵľң˵鷴ͿĻѾˣЩɽǻæ飬ôҲһϲ֮£㲻ͬʲôģɵǲģʱٲҪϼ졣
Ҷĵ˫ƳǶӿɺǰͬһȴɢ˵ϢʲôֲǴȻײˡѩ²ۣӶˣõſжϣʦɵô
һңСӣԼ£ֳһãҶĵͽܣ

Ȼֻ͵͵˵˵ΪĻ˭Ҳֻﶼ׽֮ˣҲԼʦʦѿʹϺɫܲҲ˭˵ʲô
⣬ɽӿܲȫһȴȱϯȻңĴӿ˹ˣڶһʱ֮ҪΪ˵ȿ˹ȻҲ˳һЩҪ׼
֣Ӣؿܸϲˣң˵˾ȥȫˣϧɽϵһȺŮ˸һ٣диܵģʱԱ߼ңԱЦǽһġ
⣬ͽܲУԼȴʼû£ǵɽ֮󣬱ʦֵʱʱʲôģɹȴûЩ⣬ȻȴȴһһӡѾȵĵΪٶȻʱɣɾɵϣеӽϴһ
ͲǺܺˣ޳ɵ֮󣬽ޣƺĳɾ;ֹڴˣҶȴӲһ㣬ÿռдֹĺòʱʱǸԶ̬ǱӶҪࡣ
Ҷľȵǣ챻ô뾹ȻرͶԵһֱһ˵ЩʲôǼƣҶĻ᲻һͷݵڳƣ
Ȼǵʵ۵ˣ
ͽܵ˸ҶҲ̾ϸ˼һԺ򡪡ϼ񹦿챻ˣǬҲѾɣȴʼдʲôԭҶĻúúѰ˼һ¡
ȴ⼸ӣ֣Ӣ˹ס⼸˷Ҫͬʱ»λѾָһͷڷʱʱܵԼսһƺҪսϵɱ
ǹӱЩûмŸܣɽǱޣҲǲ
СȴöˣɾЩˣѾ㹻ɽɽ㣬ٸĹ⾰ЩӵΪȶͬʱСĵҲɳʱҶļ㵱˦ƹҲɽɲʲôӰˡ
пģһٷҶĻС˼ɲǷ׼ѰˮǴӴ޾ҪɾƣҶȻΪǿᣬҲЩ⡣
һٷ԰գԼСԺ֮󣬽ƾֱƿ˰߯˹ķţֻû뵽һţѩͻ
ϣߴˣ


193 æµе
գҶҪžƾʲôʲô֮µļƻûгɹԭºѩڰ߯˹˵һЩҶǰ飬ȻٲùǶģҶʱ򴳽ͺöǹϣܶܲˡ
һϣŶȹˣ߯˹Ҳ쵱жɽɵּ˼˽⣬ҶĵĹȥҲˡ
ԭǰӹҲôʣ
ЦЦı飬΢΢ǣЦ˫ͫҶҲ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôãһȷ߯˹ûʲô˼ŵʲôˣ
ȥȻˣмϲ֡ϲϵӣ˵Ǹϲ΢һӣͱ㡣
ϼŮڣҶ˳Ҳ׼޸ļƻ˵˼һ·˼ŮȤ
Ҳ츳ʹȻ⼸Ů˱ûʲôͬģԸҲвͬȴĵĺ𾢣ǷӦýǽһỹ˵Ժ䣿
߯˹޽һ㹻ԡءõҶĵͬȻ֪߯˹ĿɲΪǾԡͰϴԡ̫˶ѡ
ģԡءԹģ
ͬʱҲһǴҲṻģ
˼ȻŮˣ⼸˶˼ܡҶҶΪ˽ˣһתڴʲô⡣
ֻǰ߯˹⡢ҲᷴҶģеʱ򻹻˳Ҷĵ뷨ȥѩЩȻе㺦ߣܵ˵ֲҶĵģ˼ŮȻҶĵ뷨ȴûһԡ
¸Ҷĵ˺Щ飬Ҳ˵ΪʲôֻǽǼҪ޽ķĶôôôôʣŮ˹ȻעתƵǱȥû˵ʲôˡ
ȵЩ˸࣬¾ȥɽϸ޽ʩЩӡЩƽﶼڷ¡ȻĿʼʵؿҶĿϵСˡ
ѩҲͰ߯˹ȥۣҶеʮСбȽϴһˣСǱҲûʲôģһŮ𾢣һȦȷסӦûʡ
ȴϢķݣԵ޽Ͳȥ͵֮ˡɽǶǼ˶ҪչأȴֻôֻøѰ
ȻҶļ˰ʵҲòطܱԭǿ㣡ο˷ҲܼǱסţ׼ҲСȻǴסأ
ͬʱҲԳҶ͵ıϾǼɽɱߵˣǻһĻҲԲر
Ҷĵòûʲôϣö֮Ӷʦˣǿɾ鷳ˣԻǸ뿪ʵıһЩظкЩ
Щ˼һתţҲûҪȥ룬֪ôкôҲ㹻ˣѩͰ߯˹ĴתʱҶļй䣬˳ҲָָµµȺǵ
״ĵѾҪָ̫ˣ·ѾȷԼ·ȥͺãֻżҪȥָָϵѣƽﲻҪԼ˼
ǰŬҶߵԺʱǡƣԱйĵźţ˳ҲĦҶʱϢվ˺ðǵӲżԾʲôˣͷԭǱʦ棬̾ҪȴҶһָ
ȻôӱȴҲʦǲԼʦֻûпڣȻ󹧹վһԡ
ҶƣʱĹѾָ׳ģԼĪʮӽʮŨüۡͷ߲ףҲΪ׳˶˭˶һ䣺һ󺺣
ģҶĵϤĹеģʱĹʮͷȻҲòȴԵЩԶûķò˫ҲԶǰвɣС
ӿɲеǷˣ
Ȼ˭νԽԽɫʦֻˣһ·Ʒ꣬һתͷ˹ҶĵȻֻǼԼʦڣʦ⣬Լһ꣬߹Լʦ񡪡˿˰֡
㵹Ǻԭһ޶
ģϵ飬ֺһת˼תҲǼʦͽĸ顣
Ҷ뿪磬һʮꣻټ֮ææЩӶ˲٣ʱҲڲȰɣ
Լյ⼸ӶΪ֪ʦǸæˣҲ˵ʲôԹԾˡ
תһȦҶ˳ֿ˿СǵԵȻöƣɺ쳤伸ֱϵĵˣһµġ
һ֮ҶֵĺҲϲһΪ⼸ӵԤϵĺõ̫ࡣ
Ȳᣬɺ쳤ҲǲСҩΪ׽ϴԵʣ峤ĿҪѰ˼ҵĺӳĿ࣬ȥѾʹûʲôˣֻü仹͸¶Щۡ
Ҳչʾ˲׵ʣ쳤ϵǴ޼ʱѾ൱׵Ļп⼸ͳ֮
ȻɽԪԣɽ㹻ĵͼҩãô̵ʱ̶ȣʣ
ҶģǴɽϣЩʵ˽⣬οЩҲвҪѧġ
쳤Ĵ޼ڵģΪ˴УֻйǴ޼۷塣
޼ĵҪôʲҪôȥˣ쳤Ҫѧϰ丸׵Ĺֻùڣ̣ҶҲġ
ôҶƺеƫģҶΪٸ߾ҲվǸˣ˾ͲԹοƫֲûɵģȻҲ˵ʲô
ڹ쳤ȴûԼ׵ĵһ·רĽԽɽҲǰé⹦ϵĽ̵Ͱиɽϵһͣ
ɺҲһ㣬ѾͷΪʹȲ쳤䣬ҲǺֻܶ࣬ѾͷûԼ游һΪңһͷһ鳵ѧ˲ٶӣȴõ̫񹦡
˵ɺɽеڶ̫񹦵ĵӣڴ֮ǰҶĻ񣬶ֻǲο̫񹦵һ־ȻԼҪǲںϽĹС
ֻҶԼںϣǱĽںϺĹˣ
ɽһ̫񹦵ģȴĵӳüˣλɽΨһһ֮ˣǱʦС๦һˡ
ھ統Уɽ統УС๦پҲһֱǧ꣬϶Ҫںǿġ
ڽС๦޿ĵز󣬾ͿʼʽǬˡʵϣȼҲʼǬˡ
ü˵вͬϵǴͶʦͬʱΪʦʱȻϣҲرСϾƣС๦ȻĺǾտҶܾò˵ʲô
ǾǬܲȲ˵ɾͿ϶޵Ľڶͽ︺̬ȣҶĽüеǰúüһͽ˵Ҳѽ
־ͽ̫񹦴ڸ˳ü˵Ź侫ȱɵе仯֮ȴӸܲͨ͸պǬҲǴ棡
üĽؼӹȻҶָ¿ʼ̫񹦡Ҳɽеһ񹦵ĵӡ
ҶѰ˼ԺԼٻ۫˫ͼֽ󽻸ⳤüʱüٲ仯֮Ƕ񽣣ɽҲǿԺߵˡ
̫񹦵仯ڵּϣľΪԼٳɱ棬˵൱ţƵһ񹦡ֻ񹦵沢˵˭ܲ͸ģɽôӣҶȥҲûƳʵģרϰصĳüΪʺϡ
ҲҶԼ񹦵ԭ̫񹦵ĻҲжɱĲ֣Ƕľе˼ȵȺôԼһҲòҶûרϰǸʺԼֻǽ̫񹦵һЩҪڻͨԼҹ
ü̫񹦺ԭһЩ֮ȻǿԭԲС๦Ҳչɣ̫޷Խӣʱü̫ǻࡢһ֮ľ硣
ҶĲ鿴һ֮ȻҲƲⳤüʲôԿ϶һ㣺ǾԼһǳţƵɽӣ
ŪһҲͺˣЩҲҪףϾߵĸǲǸ·
ֻһȴгüûʲôʦӹ˼֣ƽʺ֮ҲʱʱݷһеϷѺöһƵء
ͽԼ׽ҶȻûвĵĵ֮üҲ˳ƽ˸С񡪡ָɺ
ɺ̫Ĳ̫صؼؾȱ㹻ĵ֪ʶ̣ʱƲʲô⣬ͻ֮ˣҶתһȦ֮Ƴ˸ʱͰѳü˹ȥ
ʵɺ̫񹦱Ҳǳü̵ģֻѾͷֻѧѧʱüɺݲö˵ʲôʦȻͲҪôˣסѾͷݺݵѵһ
ɽҲ˵ɺ᲻ѧѧģҵˣҶȴϰһҪ𣿲ûڼһ˵
ֻô˵ô˵ĵﻹǵǣѰ˼ǲӦðɺ¸ֳôһ
ҶæµУңĻ°ˣǵĹˣҲһĹȥˣȥɽҲһذס
Ծݴ֮Ҷȫһͷ֮䣬ͽɽ²ļӰ죬ů紺
Ҷľãļ仯ҲؼһǳҪĹɣ˵ͽСҲ棬ɲ׼ļȥ
ο
տһķ羰Ҳζǣ
ܾҶĲԸԾļӰԵɣҲòϣҶǰЩ˵ĵȷûļ仯ȷҪģһЩϰر𹦷ˣ۲ļ仯ԼкôҲûˡ
ֻŶյĵɽ·ƽﲻǰֵӰЩӵǾˡһǰͥŸɨɨѩҲǻʲôԵɣ
ȻҲкŵѯһǶͷɽɵĻɽޣöԵġЦɶˡ
ôɨˣ
ֻһһôľƾͳУдţѳóԹˣɨأ
˼˹ЦΪʲô緹ﲻȣǱһո͵ˡһҲҵ˽͵׷һţһɨأҲֻڿЦһǽԼĻˣֻһָܡ
ǡôʱһӰ˿òǶˣվڴſ̧ͷ˿ҵɽҶ͸󿪵棬Ŀͣɨİϡ
ףܻɨأ


194 ٶ֣
ͻȻðһ࣬üɽӶһ㶣ǵķӦҲ죬̾ǰͿѯ⡣
߿겻Ҳʮңᣬɫ𪣬ɫĶ̷ϴ·ԵñȽϳ¾ɣһвٵֻǿǿܹǸɾˡ
ŮָǰѰҵʥ£
ɶ⣿ɽӷǰȻ˵Ƕֻǻеô޷أʲôŮ񣿡
ʥ֪ⶫɽ˲٣ҲʲôܵĶǱ߿˵̽з
ҲһЩʣѰŪһףʦûдﵽһΪǶԱûʲô׵ĵӣǵòǶģ
ԣʥɽȻ㲻ϡҲʲôҪ͸ĺ
ôǰⲻ֪ʲô·һھһҪҲһԾ
òûô⣬ɽɵҲǼˣʲôûɽҲʲô˶СĪ˵˰ˣ˵ĵǱ߾һأ
ʵ˵ʱҲʱʱĿԶͷƳƵĶȻоĵתͷ˸к˺һεĻӦһ¡
عͷ갺ͷһţΰսǻŮŵȵ£
ŶɽӻͷԼЩʦֵܣһҡҡͷŶ˵ã

⻰ƺе飿ǵó֮ǰŮҪȥĵطǳңԶҲǰƥ˹ܹͳĵؽ磬õƥ˹ıӡԣһǷǳѵУȷҪȥ𣿡
ʱԼͷӦͬʱҲиԼҪԿٵ׼ʱûбֵĶôֻϸŵŮĽȻѯһʣһҶĵǿİɣ
ŵȵĶҶĵǶǿʵΰŮ±ȼ磬ΪѰԱõʺԼʥ¡
֪ΪʲôһʥҪңԶĶѰң˵ǸӵпŮ࿹ǿʱѰ˼ԼǲǿǸһҲԼøǿ
Щ˼ûκ˵Ϊ֪뷨ǲӦŮ¡
˵Ҷĵ֮ɽ֪Լʦˣ˿˵ģȻʴ֮ڶӦôˡ
ȻеȥͨȻµľкţϢģȴĿͣǰܵϡ
ǱɻɽޣӢۣ
ɽޣ
⼸˵еİǷȴΪ׼ֻǵ˼֮󣬾ûʲôˡֻҪдĺ壬ƻҪϸһС
˹ȥϿʼһ׺ǹҹհ뵣ɫĹԽͬʱҲɢһÿһµͬʱƺҲɢһĺмɽһȡ
Ī߲ƣ
⼸Ȼʵޣ۹ȴģɽЩǰַ䳡ָ㣬ֱܹĳǰʵס
ǾȵղſҲһͨˣƺûоʲôرֻҪѰ˽׳࣬û뵽Ȼ
ͬʱǲİǺͱɵɽʹõֽСһ޶
꿿˰ӢԼĪʮ׵ʱȻֶǸӴһеǿС档
ӢԹԵɨŵأڶɫСȴ˿ûΣɢĺǽĺѹȥҰɨĴ׳ǰצӶ䣬ӳıͣ£⻪ľǿ׳׳Ĳġ
㾰󣬼ɽֹסҪȥ˵ĳ嶯Ǿۼһߴڼ仹ϣкϷˣ
˵һûӢ۳֣þж
롭Ӧòɣ
ղСӵƣӦʵӢ𣿡
Ӧû⣬㿴ƶӢռɽ磡

˱ָָĿǰľƣͼһһϵСĳңӦɽǰͥһԽĺ䣬ɽҪ˹ֵܹסֿẮ
ѾɨһյĵһƽļӢվ滥ӣͣԼС档
Сﵽ۷ʱ򣬰Ӣ۶ˣ
֪һë׵СŴȻתͷԱߵİӢۺ͵ĻԼǰצȻɫСһ¾ͽƬؼϺɢ˸һɶͼһɫľ˸߿գŵĻһѪƥҸ߸ߵյİӢۡ
ȻʧȥĿ꣬Ǹһе㲻֪룬Ӧ֮󣬿žվͰƴСһһ˲ȴɽһĸߴ֮УΪСȭʱ򣬱ûģعֻ֮û±鲼亹
ЩֻһŰˣôƬ̵ĹǰӢѾ䵽˵ϣȻֺܸɴĴӵֻ۾ȫȦȦͬʱԴҲȥղһɵĺֻԴε㡣
ע⵽һֻ֮ϵ亹ĸһЩԼôһ£Ȼʲô˶ûС
СһǷģƸղһȭûʹȫ޷ȫƣ
ʱ򣬶ļӷҲ꣬˻֣Ȼҡҡλεľȥǳ˷Ȼ˸ĵط˲һɡ

ҶĴӺתʱ򣬾Ϳһط갺ͷŴģҪϵˮǾɵӵˡ
ȣ
һԼĴڣעȵĿתԼϺҶĲʵŵȽģ
ʱԼĿģ´ҶģŵŮݵģһ޶̾͹ʩһ񣬵ȻҪǺŵȱҪ࣬ҶĲںЩ
ʥʥʿѵ忨ͬʱҲԼ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʾ֪ˣǣŵʱһʥʿʲô˼ѵֻΪһʥ£
˵շ˹˹ҲʥµȻƥ˹ɽϴƣôϴƶӰ첻λ빤֮Ŷԣĳ̶ֳ˵շ˹˹˹Ҳô˳̨ۣƺ˵ʲô¡
ôŵҪʥ£ֱúշ˹˹첻ͺˣʥµ췽ʽͬС죬һҪõӦͼֽ
ֻķѵĲϸ㣬ҷҲҪһЩˣ
һշ˹˹ӦÿĳʥºЩƽʥ¾ŷǳԵĲࡪҶɽߣͼֽʥ»Ʒûκε覴ãڷҲǿ
ƽʥǱͭʥ¸ߵεĴڣǺշ˹˹Ļƽʥºʥһ༸ԺԲơ
շ˹˹οŵôһŮˣ϶뵽еĹؼɽиõļ꾡Ķ췽ʥ¡
ŵȣʲôת𣿡
Ҷֱ𾴵Ůµ䣬忨һ㲻ҲףҶֿŵƽȽ̸Ĵڣôƺɡ
Ů˵ѾˣһսҲǰסõսߣΪҪǿĶʿ
Щŵȸ忨ģ忨̺ĺ壬ŮҲûнֻͣԭԭĸҶľͺá
Ҷ֮̾ⷬ͸¶ĺ壺ԼģȻǰ˹ҲҶĵǰƥ˹ɽʱǱڵˡ
һսָŵ˹ǹغһսҶĵĴǣߣ·뵽һսУŵ˲ٳ롣
ͬʱҶĻ͵͵˹һЩЭ飬ЩŵȲ֪Ҷȴף˹ˡŵȺ·ɱ˹Ǳ߻ֶεأ
ŵȵı㣬˹ǣƲģҶһȥɾͲһˡ
Ȼǿ󣬵֮λҰĲô޴ҲζŲĻȥƴôͲҪ˷ѹ˹һǿսˣҶİأʵǣƲ
Ҫ뺣ӲƴֻҪǣס˹ȡһЩʱ㹻ˣ
Щ飬ǵ˹̸ɵЭ飬һս֮ŵҲõ֮λΪ˹Ҳᰵ벨ͨ˳ĻܲҲ뵽Χ˹ȥ
󣬰ƥ˹ɽַׯʱڣ
ĳ˵רƷ԰Ϊһ죬Ҷİѡ׼򻯺˳ող߻֮߱սŵȣԲõ̫֧֣˹˳µĽΪµ
ҶҲûаΪΪһڣֻ죬ҲʹŵȻп֮λģҲ̫Ҷ鷳Ǿ˵㡪ҲҶĵıˣֱأŵҲΪͻһ鷳
ǾҪǿĶʿӦ˵˹սʱҪȶסƥ˹սߣĿǰӵеʥʿҪѣҪǿĶʿ룬ҪҵһȫѾɳ
ŵ˹սΪ˹תȻܻǰȺ˴ƻᱻ˹ĳֶνһʶٻ
ĿǰչϣսǺҪġھһս֮ʵѾﵽ˽ӽĲΣࡣ
Ҳʵвʲôսߣ֮ĶԿп˹սҲֲ֡
ⲻǿп޵ˣڶʱڿܱսĴڣǺвģȻʧȥĻսӰ컹治һĴһս֮ǰŵϣҸߡ
ЩģҶĿȻ鷳˵㣬õǻŮе֣ɼ˻˵ɽԭǽʾá
Ϊŵȹƣɱ˹ҲҪܵشһʱƥ˹ɽܱȴãܹҶĸ롯ƥ˹ɽ͡һʱ䣬ôûʲôõǵˡ
Դת˼أѾпܶѰ˼ˣҶЦŵԭˣҲʲô£
Ȼ忨˻֣
ֱת䳡мվ󣬶忨֣ǿңȿ㾿ʸȡʥ£
ԭ忨ΪҶǴȥȡʥ£û뵽ȻôһһŮһǿˣƺҲûбҪʲô
һ㣬忨Ҳû˹˼ٴδ߶ԼڵС棬ϴʱǶ죬ΧĻѩҲܵСȭͷϣ۳һˮһš
ŶϵС氡
ղںӦΪǰӢ۵Сֽˣԭв
ɾҶ׼꾿мＸʱϱ͵һ䣬תͷɽǱȥ
оˣһޱȵǿᾢɽǱ߱ƺԼս


195 սȸ
һӣ忨ͱҶ˳ּʹĺȵĲͣˣһŶǸŵš
һŴˮһıѩôĺ䣬忨Ϊ綼ź֮ȫᡣ
ʵϣҶ֮ѾΪʲôѩĺǴΪǴһ˶ֹֹͣͣҲζֹ
ϣﵽȵʱһжֹͣʱ䶼ᱻᣬһжֹͣʱһƬռҲ᳹ױ˿˵һУǻһУȫ˵ĻԻһλ档ֵҵǣֿµֻ޽ӽûյĿܡ
ҶҲգɼԼ˽ɣҲ޷յֿµĿǰΪȫʹѩĻôһƬؼʱͿռһжסǿġ
ֿµʥʿ۹ȥĻôҲǵðϵļܹյרž޶忨˵ҶһɵĳӾ޴
ּܹóֿµ
Ժе˼άҲֹͣĶͲȥˣ˵Ϊ˱ԼǿԼֹͣ˼Ȼվڹ㳡ıԵųǸرߴҲʮǿ׳ӡ
Ȼˣվʲô
Ҷĵ󣬵ȴܹԼǰͥվŵ˶У仰˵һ̣һ˾յ˹ͺôƵ߽һ
˶֪ͻȻðģղǸλãӰӶûС
δɣȻⴳҶ᱾ƵģǿɾͲˣ
ȸλȸȻһɫߵĳнɫķͼǳķβǡڳ۵°ϣ߶ǷβƮɣԵ˶˻һ㡣
ʵϣҶҲǾǷ˻ȸȸͺͷһģҲǲʲôر塪ȸƽնǴۣȴûرͼ
⴩ôһţҶѾȻ
Ǵһǰˡ
ȸЦ£εҡҡͷҲģˣҶŲҪ֣
ףймҹ棬ΪˣԵˣҶĳף
ҶĻô˵ҪԹԵĽҲǲˡȻǷһͶ飬ǰ㻰žΪ˵ôľԴҲˡ
ʱȻὫƵϣϾҶлô⣬飬һŮƣʲôˣ
Խȸǰûȥȸ׼Լһˡ
ȸҶˣҲ룬ȭһսһսҶʤˣһȻѰɻպҲǸαΡ
⻰˵ҿ˵ô϶ǷһҲ˹ʶֻҪҶܹӮȸôһͲ涫ˣ¶Էʲôûһ飬Ҳܡ
ҷһƺɽɽ»ֻҪһսˣѰཻʲôҲΪôһιڶʲô죬ʹ֮ġ
˵ʵһ徹ȻôʾҶĶǴһѰ˼һ£ֻжϳǷһ岻ƽ׶ɽôһˣϾڷһûκεĺô
ԣԷ׼£һһ룡
Ҷ˵νǴãȻûвӦĵȸû˵꣬͵˵ͷʾܡ
ȻҶˡ
ҶľùǣȸȻûҶָΣһ£µĻӦý˵һҶĲ˿ô죿
ȻҶĲֲҪ顪ԲҪ棬ɽɲܲҪ档
ԵǴղԣֻҶܾԼ϶ʲôûǵ
Ŀ·ȸ֮ЩȷŵһԣΪǰ֣ɲԼһ߷˼һ߾ͿԴ򵹵ġ
ԵĶ֣ԳҶԴǿĶ֡
Ϊȸǿġ
ͬɽкպǿߣϡɲòһǣʱΪƴɱˣȻҶɱǼһȴʲôֵýġ
ͿĽ֣ǿı㣬˫ҲûУ
ꯡʱԼʵ꯸Լֵõο
밢ޣԼռ˵һ˶һ䲻⣬һ治ֵһᡣ
˵ҶɽôãʼûӲӲɱÿܹƾָԼʤӣӶɵնɱ֡
һȵԼòȫһսǾУħ̻һսһǿʦõĽſֻܣһԼӽսܵһΡ
֮û֮յˣڵΧʱԼʼҲء
졭
ȸ״̬ܺãȻλûŪʲô棬Ҳûóʲô
÷𣿡
ȸһЦǷһȣǿķˣ
һ䣬ֱӾͽһ˵ȸĴ򶷷ʽ¶˳ⲫ
Ҷģͬó˵˵ⳡҶϰߵķʽС
Ҷţ룡
̧һƣȸһȻһƣ㾰Ҷ΢һ㶣漴ҲһȻһڣϲɽָңңһ㣬һûʲôϡ棬ûʲôɱдʱơ
˸԰ͣǰ˵һλɽӸԺͨԴʱ䳡Ȼվ˲ɽˡ
ͳ죬ȴӰŻС
ҶĵǼŮˣѩԼ߯˹Ⱥֻºѩ߹صİ߯˹˳־ͽԼȺ֮ŭ˳ǰͬʱ乭͵źʻȻһͨ䣬ǸҺԼ˽İ׳ոɱ
ǻ¿Уææһ£һƺûôգҪ֣
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ʱʱѯһ䣺Ϊʲô˵ûգ
⣬ǷǳյģȻһȥΪ֡
ϸһ֪ߣֻҪƾֳֻ֪Ӯıȶ
ղҶȸļһڣ¾û˼ˡ
˷ģҶȴҵģŶȸһ۾΢΢һգһһһʱ䣬۵ʱȴȻȸѾ嵽ǰȭͷѾݵ˽ǰҶֻƾ賤˱ȶɵϰߣڵһʱԼΪĺӦԡ
Դ΢΢һ࣬㿪һȭĹͬʱһתºһ磬ͬʱҽΪᣬһһתֱ֮Ϊͷȸ˹ȥ
һһѰʽмõУͨܽյ°ʽá
ɾô򵥵Уλʹȴȫһָ
Ī˵ɽЩѰƲУҶǼӴʱֻģĿһӰӣֻóӰһ֣ȻЩ˲ʱϸ¸ղžʲô
ģֻͣվƵĽζλӣ˳Ա߼˽˵
ղʦֻһ˦ȸ˳һܹʦһУͬʱһ֮ƣббҪʦֲʦ˳һԾͬʱʩչնʩչһȵ
Ȼأ
ѩҲƲǺʱףԭԼѾʦôĲˣԭΪԼֻҪǵżܹٴ׷Լʦأ
Ȼȸ˫һץһӥצ֡˵צ֣ü룬˼¼ѵһšצֱȽǡȸ÷צһץȻһֽʦָק˵ϣ˫ȭһգ͵һ
Ա˲ɵûһ֪ԼžվڳУʱ˶ĸе˽ţҪ֪ԼӦһеġ
ʦ֮󣬲ǲȸİȻܣȻִپƣʹ˪ȸӲƴһǣȻ˫ͽһķ֮˿ȥ
һλ˵˺ð죬ʵȴֻһգ֮飬ΧΪĵ֮ⷬ಻ѣû뵽Լգ͸۾Ĺ򣬳˾ȻѾƴôˡ
ѩȼΪȽϸߵ˹עȴһ㣬ǾҶȸӲƴһǣΪûз
Ϊ˶Աȫĳˣ˿ûй
ΪԵɣȸҶģʱվԭûжǲ붯ΪһӲƴ֮˶ù
СҶŵΪˣ
ȸɫָ󣬲ղǰҰףſںһڴ޺Ѫ˿ĺ
ҶҲſڵȸ棬ȷԵ
ȸǱƺûʲô״ҶһڿɾͲˣȻӿȻֻǲĻ磬ףΪĿġ
Ҫ˵ȸһںֻмܹƼҶһ¿ɾͲô׽˺ˣ޲ɫøղ˵жա
͸ǰһ̶ȣžѰ߱ȶǱͰȴԽһɽ̼仯Ϊ촷ۣʦֻȸѾٿˣһǲôһ㣡
ƳУһ֮󣬽սһֻղǰת˲ţһȴҪƴ࣬ȸٶҲһĿ٣ʩչоȸӰڳ˾ȻûһܹĳĸǱ壬ĸӰ
ҶȴЩ̧һƣֱǰȥȻƾųһƣǰƣƾȻһʮ˵ƾ
ȸҶôΪ⣬ôԹԵĳΪʲôһȴƾǳһģȴ֪ôľͱԼˡ
һĹ£΢΢һ٣ֻôƬ̵ĽӲȴȸ˸ӿֲĴ
ʮ˵ƾȻһԵĺ˳ƸǱȸղŸоĻҪǿֲࡣ
ʱҲ׹Լ˵ˣŪҶνһƾ͵Լǰģ
ȸȻҶ֮󣬾һֱо㾢ʲôôооȥԼܹĦĻռķţΪƾ澢ɽģʹ;˼
ղһ˲䣬Ȼǰƣʵÿһĳʱ򶼻һ澢ռƿǳڣҶҲõˮƽǡýһƬԲÿһ綼סˡ
ֻĸȸӰ춯Ȼ̾ͰеƾŲƹȥŽȸһ
Щֻǰ˰ˣҶһȸλãʮ˵ƾ꣬žͽԼɱи˳
ʨӲãȫοȸȸ֣
ָһ㣬Ȼ֮һһɣ


196 һս
򽣾һУҶھоѾҪ˵ɣǻɽ֮ǰ
ɻɽ統вġ
ʼʱҶ򽣾ߵľѹ˵·ʲôʲô仯ֻһҽҽƾͷҲס
ǵȵҶΪԵĵҲԽǿֻӲңЧѾ統ôʹˣҶҲ򽣾мһЩ仯
統ϢٳУһһһӹȥǴ̣ս׳յΪ򽣾ȴûģΪ۶ÿһôöԸģοҪ׽
ԶԷٵѹֻԽԽ󣬶һԼƵĺûᡣ
ڣҶһֵʱסҶһ򽣾п򽣾ͱԽԽķɽԼ仯Ѳзˡ
ȸеȵǣҶΧͣʩŷɽͬʱҲһ˸ʩչȸɱϲͣΧķɽȸͷϽð˺գʼмܲסĸо
Ҷһж̳ȸһ㣬ܹһǳ̣˵ʱǻֵĻˣϾҶһѾϣ任иͣ١
ȸӦԣ͸оͲƿǴæһ㣬ȸվһ仹ǿһȭȭͷϵĻȻȻֻǲִµһȴҲоǻѵֱϮϳһڣʹһ
һͬҲȫ潣еһУȫ潣أҪ˵Ϭ̸ϣҶʩչʲ
бѩศһʹϮȻ̾ͱ˸һɶҶһʹѩ⶯ֶһɽ
ðķɽҲûʹʲôУֱһֱֻ̣ʹ̫ľȸӲһֻóϾǿǰؾһȻԼĵ
ԼӦ죬͵һתʹһжǷɽжһԣԼϾͲǽһôˡ
Ѳ
һ󣬱ȸԼҶĵʵӦֻ࣬ΪԼҪǿ࣬ŷ֣ҶԵо鲻סȸȻ꼫ֵܹĻȴ࣬ҲûôͬȼĶɱûҶľḻͬʱϵļΪ򽣾һȸ㱼侹Ȼͬʱ⵽ΧĴ
̫ϾһмƣֻϾһĻɱҶȴǲͣʹɽԼ档
ȸȻ򽣾÷Ҷ½ģĿǰգǽҶĶһʵĶԵзʽɽгˣ򽣾ʹһˡ
ͷţҶȴûֶͣΣһڣһһˮȴӦöӦľǧʹһ·ֻӣһ»һֶΣȸսǰһУͼǰӰλΣͬʱ˹Ƶء
ƫ⻹꣬Ҷһһʹ䣬ȻֶӰһ߷ɽ˻ط㽣еһСһȴʹָὣŤŤȥƲҪ
¼йϷŶ㿪ǼɽʱҲɻأǡöסȸļ·ۿѾǱ޿ɱܵȸҲ֪һӲԼɾҪˡ
Σ֮£ҲԼֶΣһĨɫ𣬱ȾȻҶĵһԣŤ仯̼ͳһģ
ԽԽСɫȴԽ죬ȵ󲻹һ˴Сͨ񣬷Ŀμ伫Ϊ鶯
ҶļҲһȴϳһ˦һвǽһǵС
ѰȻôʹ̷ۣǳɵһЩҲǲУҶִʲô·뵽ʲôʹʲô鵶ûʹ£ְּն˳
ÿʹһУͶһҶһʹʮУⳡоֶ˶ʮɽȴղǰ㣬ȸȵļΪǱˣķȸӭУȻԼ
ҪǣǷϾȻһ֮˿˲֣ҲȫȻںԼķɽֻҶΪѣżŷɻȥȸһ¡
ǱɵͨǿҲһ⻯嵶ҶƿʲôֶΣǸϽʹɣ
˵ʵȷѲΪɱƣ²Ҳ׽ˣҶñѩʹһплڣֻϵĻ氵Ƭֻ̣գ۾ͻָ˹
һѾƳҪǲܵģֻдȸУǷֳһַɽǻȫעĶԸȸˡ
һ£ȸƺӦó˸ѹʵɽ˹ȥȸҶļָֻһһ״̬С
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ΪסǻҶǰʹķɽ˹ȥʹ㽣󷨣֮ͣȻɱǻȴҲܹ֤סѰҶ鷳һʱҲǽֲ¡
ҪʲôֶΣǾֱʹˣҶȻʲôһһתȻûʲô֮ȴҲоĵڵǸޱһݱ䣬Ƭ̼ɢԼµƵ
һƬ磬ҲתԽԽСǻеǽ׳Ҷ˫ĿһɣͫҲʩչ˿߲𼸺׵ıȸƺò󣬿ɼˣȸҲ˿ûʲôԵõɫǴӻ浱г˫ָ𷨾ðޱȸ棬˼һֻ񣬾ֱҶġ
ƫڴʱҶָһ㣬յ촽Ҳ΢΢ſһĨҶһ֮˳
ûע⵽һ㣬ΪҶָһһ˲䣬Ƭ㳡оͱһƬɫ֣ΧɽҲ޷澿ʲô
ȻЩɽǻҲһ˽ȥʱͺѩ˿ɫȴвͬӦ
ֻǸ̾һ䣺ʦһУϬƥ
ѩȴǴƬƬɫȴ֪ʲôǻ£۸оɫеһ˿Ϣ򣬱ɫһֱô׵ĵطƺҲͷˡ
߯˹ȴûеģֻǰͷվƺҶģУҶľԲһʹ˵¡
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ԼȫסȸȲ̸ֻҪסˣ͵ͬڴˣϾȸһģҲסЩ
Щ鶼ֵעֵģһλġˣ
ΪԼصĺΣȴҶͫȻƲУȴԼѾ١
ڣΪҶҲû̫õֶ˵ػ磬ΨһһȴҪһʵķʱжԷ˻߼ȥ˵ĻԸûôˡ
΢΢תǸһ壬ʹҪʹҶЦŵǲǸеܾȣ
ƬɫУҶĿԿһУ汻ȴʲôҲжҶҪģҲκ
ʱҶĵʻȻҪʹģֻҪػ˵㣬Ǹʹתһ²ӣѰһЩʻ֮˵ڶ
ŵĳϻɢŵĺ⣬ڴƬƬɫϮ£ǹâԽԽ΢ֱװȥúһͨĳϻûκε
ⶫҶϵãǿԸһϢİ¡ҲƾʹſǱκҶĲͫҲᷢ֡ڣܻڹؼʱ⵽ʹ͵ϮӶ
ɲΪһ߼ʹı͵͵ܵɽǿֵģ
ʹļʹ֮һõ˹ԶСֻû뵽ӵǿʵԼҶĵǰȻ޻֮˵
ȻûдϿ־壬־Ⱥһ˿ǱҶĲϧҶĲʲôĴ֮Цһºڵ忴ҲûʲôֶˣȻܹǹؼҲǾϧϹСҶĳ
䣬оѾʲô֪ˣȻϴ֮ʹе˱˵ЩѾνˣҽ˲Ϣ֮ͳ׵ĴʧƬ㲻档
ΨһµģֻǸ¡ĳϻ
ɫɢȥеķɽʲôѾӰҶȸңңԣҶĵȴһƽƽ棬ûʲôرĳϻ
ȸɫȴôÿĿ˿Ҷ֮ε̾˿ȭҶֶ뼼վǸǿʰ·磡
Ҷ򽣹һסʲôòеԭ
ȸεˣϸղɫһУôף
ԼҶĵһսûвκôɲ뾹Ȼ˸˽ԾҪҶȸսʱ͵Ϯ
ȸѪǣҶƳ⣬ȴԼԣԼȶΪʱʱóһ򽣹һȻƾ򽣹һİԵǱصи˳󵱳նɱ
һУȸԼͬ򽣹һסûơʵȸҶһеǿδûҪһǲôǿ뷨
ȴԼһɫ֮İҲãֿе³ȸҲףʱҶɱԼҲһͷ֮ˡ
ɲ֪ҶһеȷԵǿᣬҲǼΪֲղһ򽣹һ˰¡ػ磬ͬʱȫ۷״̬ȸͬʱסնɱУѾҶһ˸һɶ
ʱƾһվҪҶٳСĪ˵򽣹һⱾͲʹõĴɱУ򽣾ʹ
ֻΪһţѾ;ƿˣҲ¶οҶĻԶûǰ̶ȣȸȭ˵˾䣺ˣ
ȸȴҡҡͷԼĳ˿̾һҶ˵˾䣺һսܵķڷڰ˺ȴûϸ˵
˶ˣ֮ͲˣֻڷһϲÿҶҲϽ˴̣˭Ҳò
һսӰȴԶֻôһ£Ҷν߾ȫ֮һ˸һɶԼȴʲôƺԼӦǰķ
Ҫǣȸתȥ֮ǰһ䣺Сۣ


197 һжսᡭ֣
Сۣ
⻰ҶĳĬ˺ܾãɽϣҶͥҲ棬ӦԼʲô˼Ŷԣվ̫ˡ
ȸһս֮ҶĳĬžͻص˺ɽȻ˵ҪչأαչղֽͬԼһط꼸ʮ겻˼棬ǱľޣҪܼģ಻Ҷطǡ
һҶȾͰ뺰
뵱ʵۣɽ۵뷨ܹĦһҶĻǰҲҪĿĻԼЩϸ֮óĽ۲ࡣ
ʦΪսǿᣬŪɢȻ˵ôۣȴԽ£ö֮Ⱥ˭˲ɽɵĺã۱ͶȺмɵʦ˺ôٲȻϾ֮һλﻹİȣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷȷôɽʼͬǿ߾ǿ֮µģȥǸΪ
˵ЩȴҶףʹЩɵҲĶɽЩʲôңҪףҶǿҲδǺ¡
ν⣿
ЦЦָָ棬Ҷ漴˹
ۼɵǸɵ̫ϾȻҶĲˬҵϾһĳȻڣǾΪҶĻûΪǸ𣬲ŻɵҪǸΣҪ뷨ˡ
ҶĲԣ˻ֽȥˡ
ˣɽɵûʲôΣգؼԵɾһս֮ҶԼƺγɾǽλҵˡ
һս֮ҶһһɶҲûкôھ飬ǾҪ»ָҶĹ֮ȻϢջָӣΪǿѹڹתԼָܻŵµġ
ԭһսǺ֮ҶһˣҪɾͽɣֻҪһһƺһͿˣҲԼһ֮£ΪƱȣ䱬˽ɰʵ
ȸھУͬܵĳҲˣȸƵףɽδɾͲúýһһҲǼΪõ飬ߵʱ΢͸¶Ѷһá
ҪһǺɲǶƤӻһܹģ뵱Ҷĳʱϼ񹦵ơ
ʱֻһϼ붯ãʱʱֻܳΪϼƾһϼһϼôּϼϼ񹦲ɡ
µҲһ޶ҶֻһƺôһһĴɲҪˣϾɲϼۼҲ֪ߵȥȻΪѡ
οҶƺʼղֻΣʱܶõҶΨһܴʹһƾķžʹ򽣹һִɱС⻹Ϊܹ磬Ϊ򽣹һ֮ʱӦвŽǺ߱˳
Ҳ˵ֻܱʹã޷ĿƣȴһѵĻᣬҶһ˸ɾھϡ֮һֻҪҶĺúһ£Ϳŵƺ뷨跨Ľ磬ȻһƺĺȫʱԼȻҲͳǽɡ
ԱҶﶯҲʵȴʱ۾üļһϹ˸
ϹⲢʲô⣬Ҷʶۣ뷽跨ƿǺµϹҶĸͿƲסʲôʱϹȥҶĲ㽫ƿסȻܽһ
Եʱ˶ɽǿѯʣÿռҲǰֻ̽ǿڲĵǰ˵˵顣
ҶҲ֪ɽһս֮󣬲ԼչزءѩҲ˹أŮ׼ɣԶǲһһս󶼸ãŻпܱȳء
һɽ´С¾ͶˣҲƳ˹ؼ֪ʱҪʱǳŵԼʦֳأɽ˽ô¼Ҳ˸Ҷɽɶʲô˼
ʱѣôսˣ͵ˡ
Ҷ⽫˹ҽǾݶ÷ͣǷڹؼʱܹɽսУȻžݶԶݡΪٶȼܣɽ׷ϵĻûԽ֮ҶҲͲΪɽɵˡ
˵ףҶר־ľѡطںɽĳСϣ⵺Ҳûʲôϡ棬ҪһɽѡﵹҲ˷紵ʲôģҲȽƧ
ƽҶĵĵż̽һɽЩʱҶ֪ЩɳȥĵǴѾط֣Ӣħ˺ö飬ܽᾭ飬Աǡ֮·ߵĸԶ
֣Ӣ˻󣬲ɽɵӾͶɽˣҶָʾһ֮ɽɵĵӷҾͻ֣ͬʱŸɽãͬʱֱȥͥ񽫺١
ˣ඼죬ȴ롢ܹ֮⣬ҲƵһͬͥһȥͰͥƷƵ÷ǧſסߡ
ݹͣҶǰͥʹҶѾɵҲ޷ʱʲôè壬ֻþȴŻᡣ
ȴãֻôһ󣬿¾Ҳûлˡ
Ҷһӹǽһɿ죬Ҳ֪˶ãĳһչ˿ͻȻֻϸ첲ϽҲۣΪǱֻҶûʣй˿Լºֻ˵˾䡣
һö񣿡
˿ȹߵһͷ࣡
ǾͺãȻۣҶȴԹ˿ȵΪֻʱ򣬾ҲͻƱԵһ࣬ϧȴƽʹ⣬·ϣһɣ
ǣ
ֻôһԸ˿ȾҶĶʦͽǱۣ˵һЩ飬඼ǹ˿ɽ֮顣
ԭ˿ȻطԼ֪֮Ѿ֮ˣڱҲûбڡ
ŭ֮£뵱صķ˳ͻģǿȸȻҲķϡ˱꣬ĲרӦͥԶȻΣɻǽ棬󾡿ս¡
˼棬Ƿۺ죬˿ҲϻֱӾ˸ڵأ׽ưǿᣬҲǲӲӡ
κΪʼղ࣬Ͽɫ⣬˿ʼκβÿֵȴǿʼղ֣ÿδ궼ƾ˿ȥһȥģ˿Ϊ죬ͺƿһ
ҲǱһȥѾ׿ǹԼһ֮Ҳ̤˻ط֮·һ·ϾȻҲûʲô鷳Ҫ˵طһͷ֪ԭǱи˻
߷ŭ֮ǿһϧ˸ͷ֮ҲûֵʲôôԻʱŻǰǱ
˹˿ȵĻҶ֪ǼɵԼԲҶԹ˿֡ҲĳǿǷҲ̸ʲôҳϣͥƣ˭÷ôǿڸԼҺ·
뵽ʱҶĵǲϹһ£ȻûɾͽɣѾ˼ɵˡ򽣹һȻֻܹһ˲䱬һʵȴҲ㹻˼ɵˡ
ɵһ˵ţҲʵ顣
ֻϧ˶ˣ
ҶüϹ񽥽ȥȻȥңңڣнչǺ£Ϊ˵ʱⶫѴѵģҲ²á
˿ҲһʼʱĵĶһЩЩǰĵ˵Ļȹ˿˵Ķࡣ
ҶıչصʱɽɵĵǻѾ˸Եżȴѩûг֮⣬ԵĵҲʼɽ߶ˡ
ҶĵļҲɽϣҲɽ紳Щ
ȤȴǴţ֪СɽʱʲôȻǵǴףŵܵʦıչ֮㣬ǵҶһЦ
ǡù˿ȹɳأҶֱӴӳŰæΣ֪ԭǹɽǡϴŵһŮֻǱȽϵùû߶ԶһǿޣЩȥĶ¯·ĹֻǾȵʱеǸʲôǹŮӿ˸Բ˺顣
ԴˣҶҲûʲô̸ģֻҪԼŰ죬Ȼô˵ôԡɽɽЩ߶Ƶ
ⶼС飬ҶҲʲôָʾֻǻӻõԼȥˡ
αչأɽɵҲǺ£ɽɵתѾԳϵҲҪچˡ
˿ȳ֮ⶴоֻʣҶһˣҲǶתתûҶ˵Ҳһʱߡ
ö֮Ҷļ֮Ҳ˵һƾͳÿռ̶񣬲ȴûоòףһЩ
ֹã˲֪õҶûʱĸһͻȻһֱտյڽʵһƣĴɼƮƮɫšв۳һɫϵҶһתϵת֮Щܵǣһ㣬һϵ֮ߡ
ֲ֪˶ãڵЩɫЩϹϵҲıƽһҶȴ֪Լڴ󹦸ɡ
˴ʱҶѾ׽ɾôǿˣ˵ɵԳ綼ΪʱڵϾţǿԳһ磬ƾһն
ʱֻ˾Ͱգ֪Ⲣԣһ뵽νͥʵϾƾΪٳĴڣ칬Ҳ͵۵Ķˡ
ͬϾĶʹҲˣΪѣͬΪɣҲֲ˺ȥ
˫Ŀ֪û˫Ƿųɺ⣬ǿϹӶгֱǡôʱҹɫĹΪۣĪ˵ɽƼˣɽһƬʿն˸һ
һɽһЩŹɳˣͥפҲ˲µ˾
ǴӪ֮УӥꯣɽһԼӪеıŵļһϴĿףҡҡͷصȥˡ
ʹоϾʱҲ˫ۣƬ̺ǰĴʦԸ˼䣬Ҳˣһֽ԰ݷŵķϡ
ʦٶʦ˵ʲôҲס˿˳ȥȻƶֱɽȥ
ͥУ۱ڴһЩ£ǧͻȻȻһ˺һ̾һ
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һˣƺԤʾʲôİڣ϶µĵô򵥡
еʱ򣬻ü򵥡
ҶĳأⱾһѰ飬һȴȵķֲĴǰðû
Խһãɢ޺һЩΪҲǰء
ҶĿһɨƼһֻȺȥҶԼſڵϳԼߵ˼ͷ
ȻԤϣȴҲ鷳Ҷǰ֪Ƶ飬ɽҲ½ģеҲЩûԾȹ龪ȣӦһݲȣȵǺúõչһ
Ӧͣæ˰գⶼʲôȺɵȴʦĵ
ʦҲû˵ʲôֻǶҶ˵˾䣺һ֮ʦ֮ͥǧﾲҶţ
⻰ûпѹͣڳ˶һһ¾׹Ͼһѡôһطʲô˼ˡ
ȺȻҪȥ֣ҲֲԼܿģɽ磬ֻһʸȥⳡ֡˵֡Ǹĳ˿ġ
Ҷ֮Ҳйؼ̫ϾѡطֱףǷӦһģҪƬҲ
˹֣ӦʦҲǿͿĻһ漴תȥ
ţȺҲȺȥɽҶģȴû˸еġ
ҶĿ˿ڶӣЦŵʲôҲصģȥһˣ֮󣬿Ҳ˸ɽˣøȥ
˻֣˺ЦɢչûȥģңСӴٺЦţҪ˵ʲô
ҶҲ͵ԼڣңȴǰЩɽƼһͯʼѣɽ׼Ϊӣýʦ
鵹ϡңѵӾȻͽܣҶĺ²׷˾䣺ʲô
ңһЦСǸ¶գͽ˸˾ͽӣ

һµĹ⾰Ȼǹļ죬һ죬ͦģҶĸڸ߿֮ϣƣĿͣǰǽ̤գƾճֵϵʿϡ
ϵʿһصĵۣ̫ͼͼַһСʲôҲûãԶԶҶʩһ񣬵Ҷ˺á
ҶţεüҪ⵶ҶҪ֣
ҶҲǿͿ˴񣬱ϾɽҲɣϾǿǵ棬ȻҪдҶĿûΪԼ޳ɽɾôˡ
ϾЦЦһ߸ֻΪ˽ĳЩ˿ףȴҲ֣ҶҲĪҪ̫ˣ
ҶЦЦ𾴹𾴣ҪžϷ˿Ҳһ㡣
ϵ˵ͷһڣ΢΢ǰһǰһԭȴվš
ϵվߵԱʱҶĲſֻһˣȻһһһ۵Ĺ򣬶վòƣŴȴͬ
еϾȻػɫۣͷҰףѰϵ࣬Ʋʲôϡ档վǸȴһ׵׵ۣսߵ׺뷢ѩòȻͬȴԳһӹԺнɫȦһ֪䲻ҶͷһƶԪʼ𣡡
Ҷпһ£ٿһֻȻҲŵۣһеˣ뷢ҲһںһϻҶĵƶ鱦𣡡

ҶĿ˿ϵаһ䣺ԭνһôģٿ鱦ָһ󣬱ϻһıǺһ´ϻзɳʾıɽˡ
Уɣؿɹˡ
ҶҲΪ˾йǸж־ָһ㣬򽣾Ҳֶһ֮ؼͱ⣬˼ҲʲôƲˡ
һսһʱ˽ǽܿЩ⣬ȴע⣬һֱһʱ֮콣ȫʧжԴҲʧ
ô˭Ӯ˭䣬ȴʼûиۣΨһ֪ǣʧ˴ڻص֮ͥ󣬵һ¾ǷΪִ̲ͥƴޣͥ񽫽͡
Դ֮ɽӿʼͥı£ҲսáΪǴ޾ȻȥϵʵСȵһЩʵޡͬҲԽһЩʵ½ʹͥиûԸӹң
ͥԽԽȶڷҲԽԽɽȴԽң
һգɽϴ÷ƣͳĴתת
ҶģŮ֣Ӣ͵ͧںˮҲǿġ
ԡΧţѩվͧĴƣʦأ
๫˵Ҫȥתתתͷ¿˿ѩԼĺƵأЦЩʲôûƼʱôʲôãһ仰˵ѩĺ͸˵ˮңֻǻקԡǲ֡
ǡôʱ߯˹ҲӴ˳ֻһƬһƬǰһһͦأվò⡣
ѩˣֽԡһӣȻվŮͺ˼䲻ӦеĵһϾˡ
ֱһŮͻȻڣ߯˹üͷôˣҪʥ²Ѿ͹ȥ𣿶ңķѣ˹ҲѾ䣬ڲλùҪ˶Ҳ䵽ˡ
䣬ŵȵѾվͧ棺ҾãȥҶļһЩ˴֮ĹϵĻƺ
һŵȾ͸оһЩ˰˵絶һĿ⣬ȵƼŮȻһ̧ͷע⵽⴬ͷǸųβ͵ƯǸ
Ҫһ㣬أ

ɽУ·ߣԴЩɽһһ֮󣬾ʵǵط㰲
ɽɣЩҲЩɼҲֵĽǵطڼֱ˴ˣʱʱжʹʥʿʲôȥҲǸ֮ء
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ϵ밲ĵţȴ˲Ӧûãͷϴһ󡮰̧ͷһͼһӰɽ׹£ˤֻҶĶһƣǿԼĪʮôһϲ֮ɫ
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Ϊ߿Ͳᱻҵˣȴô£µʱȻǾϺ֦һ£ڿһת۾ȻԼˡ
ҿôģ
ٺ̧ͷٿɽѾû֦ʲôģû˰ɣȴ벻֪ðһһͷײϣ걻ײķԼˣǴҲǻͷԵһ
ҶͫȻдѪͳѾΪԲֿܻгֹĴ©ĽͱԼײˣ
ôƬ̵ĳɣѾҽҶֻסȻй֮֮󣬽һȴĽһؾ˳һվ״Цʮɽ壬ûаտײ

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