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ݼ飺
Ϊּתۣƽӹ̤;ƾǣѵ·
˳Ϊɣֻһ䡭棬޵ʲô
ڽ
޵ɣ档ͨɷ
ҿƽһ꣬תۣƽӹ̤;ƾ͵ǣ·
ɱˡڡս񡭡һһ۷壬ƾһ֮Ĺ¡
һܶʷһġ˴



һ ƽӹ


һ 
ڴڵС·ߣεգ鷢ıǴСΪǰϰ׳ƺС
ı֣ܼǴգľسǣϼҲӵרľƷĵ̡
ĸǼĴӣܽӹܼҪ񣬶ڳɻ뿪سǣڴ˵شׯӡ
һ־տľҾҲСԴڴҲ𾴡
СͼΪϲ飬뷨ܶ࣬Ǵڹϵͯÿ˿佱ϵƶ¶΢Ц
ĸ׸Ƕмѣ˵СڸĸĴȰ֮У֪ĸܸߣ˼ҵĺͶѾµظũˣȴڼҶ顣
Ķˣ뷨ȻҲ֮ɽ磬̧ͷС·ľͷ̾Ϣһ鱾ȥ
Ժ̴һں󣬶Ž˵ôˣ
Ӧ˼䣬׿˿̴˵Ҫúö飬ˣԺûгϢɾȫˣɱһⱲӾʹڴ
ˣ߶߶Ҫ˵Ǽһܿϡĸףŷ˷ԺϣкǸӶ˹Է
Ŷһºҵİ˼ڣĸ״ȰŶӣѲļ⣬йȥ
˰ɣ̧ͷ˵
ʱ䣬⼸ˣȵгϢ׼ɽ˶˰ɣһģ¶֮ɫ
ĸ׵ͷпǸˣ⼸ҿľǮԺҪгϢˣǱ塣
˵ţȻ⴫ѹصĻ֮һˬʵ
磬ඡ
ϲܹȥԺӴƿֻһ׳꺺ӣĿ⾼վ⣬һЦԴЦŰûֳˡ
ĸæվЦģԼĪʱ䣬Ҳˣȥõȥ
˵ӦһæܻӣóһʷڷԣĲ˲ϣ꺺ӡ
꺺ӳգգ۾Ȥôôڿ찡Ҽǵϴʱû
׵һۣЦСӣղž߶߶ǲǿˡ
꺺ӿС΢죬ЦûǴӦĶ˵꣬ӻó״飬ϡ
˷ܵĻһ鷭һ£ϲԽ
Լӣ꺺˵ģƽʱ߶㣬ζסɡ
꺺ҡͷɩ࣬һҪϻȥʱæˣǡ˵꣬ǸĿ˿Լ硣
̾Ϣ˵ıɩӵģѻװã¶ҪԺپҲһ
꺺ף˵磬ʮ˰ɣ
׵ͷп꣬СӾʮˣһʮȥ졣˵ţ¶簮֮ɫԼĶӡ
꺺ӳɫһ࣬˵磬ɩ˵¶ɽȡӣƼֵһ
һʧɫɣǸȫ˵ĺɣ
꺺һЦͷ˵磬ǸɣǼڸҲ壬ƼʸҼСҲ֪鲻У赶Ūóĥ˲ҼСӣҿСʹϲö飬˵С
ĸϲæ˵ģ⡭⡭
꺺Դ˵磬ɩҿ¾ô˰ɣȥԣҪ汻ȡˣǾĸ֡
ԻŸĸ壬Щ˵Щʲôˣʲôˣԥһ£ѯʡ
꺺ɫ࣬˵˾ǿϷȥÿһ˶ͨ󣬲Ƿ˿ĥġ
¶䣬һ˿档
׼꺺ӾҪϹ꺺æǷ𣬳Ͽҵ˵磬ʲô磬ҪǶСʱչңҲн죬ֶôӦõġ
׸пᣬص꺺ӣ˵ͷɫĶ˵סԺΣҪǼҵĶݣҾûӣ
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꺺͵˵úӣ⼸ʰһ£µ㣡
˯£߻Ժ︸׽ܸˣٺȾƵ˵ʲôҲҪϼ
ˣʲôĺ˷ܣСԼ֪⽫ԼһᣬһȥĻᣡ
ڶһ磬뿪ˣĸĸһֱ͵ڣڻ·ϣĿƺһ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ
Ҫ֮ǰȥʱŨغܶࡣ
Сɽڸûܿԣһֻ˼Ҳ˲䴫ȫ壬ܿȫ˶ĸ֪Ϣ׷ãÿ˵ʱͬĽмʡ
˸ޣ˼ұΪˡ
⺢ҴС⺢ӴСʹֳΪɵӣԺдϢ
б£ԺϢ˿ɱǴ壬
Ļ׷ӿУ˵ѾΪɵһ㣬ĸÿЦĺϲ죬ϵƺ˺ܶࡣ
ÿڴڣпĴ񣬶ȥԼ棬ɰѵһ
µʱܿȥΪɵӵϢѸٴΧʮĴ񣬶½ǰأǵҪĿǿһ
ÿʱ׼ĸѲҲˡЩ뿪ʱǶΪ׼һصĻ񣬰׵Ļ˵ۼҵ޶ԺǸ߸ϵˣǷôծõĴ۶
ʱϼˣҲ֪İԼ޵ø飬׷½ǰϲ
Լˣ׼ΪӣЩк֮ܶǰƲģжǰƳģЩһǰңоһӶıһɨա
һ£׼úдһǻ˴ǮĽдڡ
˵ʲôҲǮֻҪҪϣСԼ飬Դûɶ˵ģⱾʵ
͵ϼڴ󲿷ݶף̫࣬дصѡ˴ĵĹ㳡ϯ
ӵľад໥̸֮ʱ޲̾мѣ佱ѡ
ǴźڴӭӣΪһһݡ
游뿪壬游а˲٣ԺҪǵı𡣡ײһ׷ԲԵˣ˵
æɵӦŵп϶ʱ죬޶ôˣ޺ܺãгϢ
⣬Ц游⺢ӴСʹָǱǿߣ游ȥ
ĸæǰϯ
˺һ˵ϼһҪұߣϢˣϲݰ
¶ĵ˵ͷʵô
ҡͷ崫Ŷػزµ׽ʱܸϻء
ʱжڴͣº߳һʮߣף̾һ˵϶ϲ
ɫӣú˵硭
Ŀһɨ΢Ц϶СӰɣ˵ܱѡϡ
üͷһ壬չ˵⺢ûɶŵ㣬ǴСԸ飬ָǻᱻѡϡ
ǿɲһȡӣҪǳϸ񣬽ûԵҿСɵͷɵԵģȥҲǰ״һѷƴһʮߵꡣ
òüĿ¶֮ɫ
ŭĿӣĿ˶Էһۣû˵
ɫһ࣬ȵ׿ôôûò壬֣ܵ񡣡˵ֶ꣬˵Ȯ˵϶⣬˵һתֵ϶ͽɲô򵥵飬ҪԵ֣ǺɵɿȮӣŶϼȤ˰Ȯڵ
׺һ˵޼ȻУҼޣһҲᱻѡУ
ЦͲںߵĺȳ⣬ӵǶɣȰ㻹Ǳ룬Ʋ˵һҲ࣬ɵСӲܺͱүȣǱʦڶĵӣܱô
ϵ֮ɫһѵ˼䣬һȭϯ
ҪѹҪûѡҲɶȥҲһױ˰úŻĳ˵
ĿᶨģһܱѡУ
º͵ĶӼ¶Ŀ⡣
½ӭ˲ݣصϯʱַǷ໥ף
ڵǣǣˮûɶĻ˵ʲôʶҽˣҼлᱻѡеӣⱲ˵¶ҶҲ˵ˣлλϲллˣ״˵꣬Ʊһɶ
϶޴СʹһܱѡУ׿ǺһΪˡ
磬⺢ӣⱲ㲻׻ˣԺˡ
ҲҪɡ
һʱΪף𣬲Ҳкܶ˱ſֵ̬׿ĸףˣϹϲȴƲܣĺӾ͸ˣԼҵСӣֿ˿ĲΪȻĵΰóȻԼԤϣֻҪЩ˲ϹӣͲѡ
̬˼һһɼӾƣΪһһİݡ
һ죬ĸ׺˺ܶƣûôһֱ½뿪ʱ׿ȻǸƲı飬˲עɵСӣ㲻ᱻѡеģûǿϡ
˵꣬һЦ뿪ˡ
صУڴϣİԾΣҲҪѡУ
´ҴҶһ죬ˡ
ĸæӭ뷿ڣ꺺ϴ˰Ҵ˵磬ɩβܴʱ䳤ҽ뿪һɾҪˡ
һ¶һ˿֮⣬ϵ˵У߰ɣ㡭ǱѡУ̤̤ʵʵںɣǡûѡУҪκθص
Ÿĸصĵ˵ͷĸ״ӷó˵ȥҪ廰Ҫ£治ȼ¶ã׼˼·ԵĿģҪûѡУͻ˵˵ţ
С󣬶ûгӣΣһ뿪
һԸп˵һҪѡС磬ɩ弸дͻϯżһȥƼȥޣʱнˡ
˵꣬Ҵƥһӣﳤȥ
ĵһֱŷɿʧֹ
û뿪ߣȥ᲻۸ҧ´¶ᡣ
޳ˣǵĸ̴һڣϵƣһֶ˲١


ڶ 
ɿС·ϳ۳ңֵŵĿζŻİĵ崣Ÿĸ뿪˾סʮɽ塣
˵ؾسв̵·ֽ̣˯£Ҳ֪˶ãƶ۾һ΢ЦȤһ뿪ţʲô밡
ֲѾͣ£Цûɶ룬Щ£֪ܱܲ롣
һЦ˵ˣôˣطˣңȥϢҴȥ塣
չǰһƬ߷һ䣬ڴȴôҲû˯⣬һĻĻסݵ̾ڱӵͷˡ
ʱһȥһɫ΢ͷ־һҹûôϢȴܳ棬һ˿ϼĴլӡ
ֵһοôķӣۻң߱̾һҪɱЦ
ĸӽţҧ´˵ͷ
һ쵽լеĴԺĴ磬ǸվԺУԵͷ˵һˣɱС֣һ͸׿ѧôô֪ô
󼸸֣
ֳĬһֳ׿֮⣬һ꣬ƤԺڣͷԣи͸һ˿飬ڹĹģƴʲô
Լ˸ܹʵǶҵɣҽơ
Ц˵ͷ
߿ȻԼĵ΢գҪȳ⡣
ʱȻƲƮһƿնɢ󣬵վһ꣬Ŀ⾼ɢƮݲʣ̬䣬ĿһɨڻϹĹ֮ﴦۣҵǣ
ˣԷһ֮£ֻоһֹסĿСѪɫŶԷ
ٿǸһ֮ɫ꣬Ҳ˫ַڿߣϹϾ¶֮ɫ
Ψ׿ĵĿ˶Էһۣһ
׿ĸæǰ֮ɫɣƼˡ
ͷͷ˵˭׿
һϲæ׿˵ɣȮ׿
Ŀ׿һۣɫ΢ͷʦܹȻһ˲ţѹܱʦ忴С
׿Ŀ˿Ǹ꣬԰˵Ȼٵ˿ǿ佱ѡ
üͷһ壬ܿչЦЦ׿һۣһƼ磬˲ʧԭء
̧ͷգһҪѡа
ָоһᣬҵ紵ʹϸһ𾪵ķԼȻҸ£ڿзɿǰУĴׯһƴĺڵ㣬ɿƶ
ôһС۾Ѿ紵ͨ죬ứ¡
۾Ϲͱۡһæ˫ۣٿĶɣӵˡ
ʱ䲻ܸоٶҲԽǰһѸ£صһ̣ɿֱۣˤڵء
ˤأæչǰģһԴɾɽˮﻨ㡣
ǰһƵɽ壬ǧҾ㣬ƣϸòʱһһŤʯСɽѶ£оɫɽˮ㡣һָ֮Ȼ
ԶԶϿȥɽ嶥˵ڣ߲ʹâ˸һĤ֮⡣
ԣһĳʯŷ°㣬֮Уһɽ
˶츣أȻǺɵɽڣԹΪ֮һ500ǰһͳԹ磬ӵλԪӤϹ֣ޣϧʱţмʣʱգյĲɣѾήֻǿվȽŸĵز
ˣɶ֮ڵķ˵Ȼǿɼ
ʦܣƼꣿһµˣһ˿ɷ֮ɽƮȻ
¶֮ɫ˵ʦ֣Ƽ
Ŀһɨ׿ص㿴˼ۣЦ֪˹ؼβԣȥɡ
Ӧŵһ˳ɽСգۼʧӰ
ִǰһĻĳȣԼ·Ťͷһһ֮ɫ꣬п֮ɫŨ˾סĵط̵ģ˵ʲôҲڱѡУ˵꣬ԼڹĹ֮


 
׿ǰľҲڵúŻİ֪˺ܶࡣ
ʱм罣ÿɢ󣬶ֳɵӣǵߣżʮꡣ
ЩŮµһ̾˰㣬ǰľϱ鲻һ
˵ĺɵɢվڲԶ໥̸ЩꡣֵһᣬбƼ˵ص궼룬ʱɨһˣκθ飬˵֮УֻмٵļᱻѡгΪҺɵӡ
꺮ָ£Եһ48ˡ
ɣʣһԣǿǷ㡣ҵ㵽˭˭͵ҽǰޱ飬ĵһꡣ
˫΢С˹ȥְͷȻϸ񣬵վá
ƺһʧȥе۴ãȻߵߣĬ
һ걻Уǰ
ϸ񡣡
ϸ񡣡
ϸ񡣡
ʮˣϸ˵ұߣΪֹһ˶ûС
׿УϰգɫЩ԰ףǰ
ַ׿ͷϺ󣬺Ȼ¶ϲɫºͣ˵ʲô֣
׿æɣС׿
˵ͷЦԭǵʦᵽ׿ұվá
׿ϲ˵ĽĿУߵұߣа֣ˣ鲻һ
ģ߹ʺˡƲƲ죬ֵ
ĸӽţǰָĸڴĿ⣬սȭͷ
Ҳȥұվá˾ϲǰһŮ
ʱȥ󲿷궼꣬վұߵģֻˡƱС
һ·СܣվǰûȶԷԣ̹ڵصĿ˼ͷɸ룬Сƣôˣһ࣬ҪϢһ᣿Ҳżû¡
ȻʧЦôˣһţΩǰ껢ͷԣΪ飬Ȼƨͷϣҡͷ˵ʲЩ
һ˵ԼʲУ̵͹ȣûȶԷ˵̴꣬ӻóһУ˫ֽϣ˵ɣǼҸżȻɽеõԶζ򲻿СصشӼ׸
ЦҡͷҪܾһɨУȻͫһץϸһʱ¶ϲɫ˵Ȼһ300֥ӣӦǱ߷ӡڣѹ㸸״򲻿һ٣΢ЦȱСͯҿȽϻ飬ԸСͯ
ϲĲ죬ѣ˵Ը⣬ɣԸ⡣
˺Цͷ˵ҩͯҲ㣬һվұ߰ɡ
˷ܣܵұߣĵ׿һۡ
еʧߣ¶֮ɫһͷɥߣѾ棬ѡ
üͷһ壬ȵߣֱߣ
վڲԶĺɵӣ߳ˣץ𼸸ߣĵ̤ŽѸʧ
һָ֡
ֵߵߣһƬհףĬĬǰסĸĿ⡣
һܱѡУּᶨ뵽
Էһޱ³׹ߵ֡
ϸ񣡡
ֲ֪ԼôߵУֻо߷·װ죬ص䣬֡
һᣬ˶꣬վұߵģֻˣˣʧУ֮һ㣬ߴޱȡ
׿֣Ŀм֮¶ɡ
ɣȻҪΪؼЩƽ꣬Ǿ߱ҲԳΪӣڶԣޱ飬һ£ֵ˳Ŵ˴ȥﵽߣϸδɣʧܣʧ߻ᱻͻǸԵļ塣;ֲסΣգʹԻ˰Ǵߡ
˵꣬˺Цұߵˣ˵ȥţʱᰲʦƣͲҪȥˣȥϤһ²
˷Ը̤֮꣬ɽ壬ʧ伣
Ŀᶨԥ̤ʯȥеڶԣ
ȥ֮Լߵ⣬ʣ39ˡ
39дͷɥߣҲߣԥߣ˴ǰһ̤Ͻݣ߳Բͬδ


 
ʯ׶ͲƽԸվвͻʧ䡣
˲죬־͸о˫ǦӺ꣬ɽ¿ʯСʵ棬ȴСûоͷ㣬˴ĵײɲ˼
ǰʮǿ׳꣬ҲΪֹûһġ
ҧ֣֪ԼһλᣬĸһֱǻУʱһȻһȿգһѸ£ֵļжʱ졣
ҷ
˶ͣ½ŲԼͬȥֻһڹ˸һɵӲ֪ʲôطץסյ꣬ɽ¡
ɫ԰ףĬСļȥʱҴҶǰʮ꣬ѾӰ
ֲ֪Щͬ鵽жٷģֻ֪ԼԲܷ˫˫ѾѪݣĵĴʹʱ̴ѪдȻǰС
ļᣬκδ飬ͽͣͽͰˡһƵ̾ϢԶԶĴɽ嶥Ʈ£һɫƵˣƮƮĴʯ£һ߷ɿ߹п֮ɫ
·ʱԶһ£ǰĵ꣬ǱһȫѪܣ·ѾѪҺ͸ϥǣָѪģȫ˫һ̾һʵӣʲô֣
ѾģֻһͷǾҲҪɽ˵ʻûʯС֮⣬
ע˫ۣ֮Ϊݣͷһҡͷѣϧ̫ͨԵԵĿ֣ʯȥ
ڶҹ˫ѪģʯףһѪЩѾ֪ˣȫƾһڴ߶壬Ϣ֮ʡ
ڵճһ̣ģƿʯ׵ľͷϧʱһ㴫ļ䡣
ʱѵֻ˺ϸ࡭ʧܣ
ֲЦһһᣬʯϣԲѡ
ǰʵĺˣվɽž˴ʮɵ֣¶֮ɫ
ʱɵѸٴɽȥһ·ϰлڼֵɽϣͳһιʳҩ
ʦ֣39ߣ25ˣ˺ϸ⣬11ˡһŮӣر;пĲԣտСϰĵӣǿϸ񣬲ųΪӣ˽ʮʱŬȻδΪĵӡ
̬䣬ԵͷĿһɨԵ11꣬Ŀڵϸˣȥ񴦣պĹ25ˣͻظԼ塣ֵ11ˣѺͳһ͵󣬿û뽣ԵûУȻͻظԼ塣
˵꣬˿Щһۣߡ
󣬽ڣڵ11꣬ɫ԰׵վһԣϵѾȬ˿ȴ˺Ѹĵʹֹסġ
⽣ԣǺ֣һµİ꣬ģɫ䣬ǵ۹⣬翴ϰ㣬顣
ԣ߽ⷿߣϸ񡣡ԴǼ̣ϸ¶ͷ֮ɫ
ĿһͨķᣬдŴ򿪣ȥֻһѰѳ̲һĹŽڷڡ
һ˳򷿼ȥһո߽ɴ¶֮ɫһεƶ˳ɡ
ϸһ국˵
ǵ߸֮ǰȫɴ޷ǰɬһЦĵʣ಻ǰȥ
ɴ̤һѸڸּ̤һɣʱδоκβʡ
ꡰסһĿ¶һ˿Ȥɫ΢˵ԥߣ߽ݣý֮ͬǰβԶϸҲᱻΪĵӣ
ʮ꣬¶Ľ֮ɫĽ֮Уļʡ
ĽţĸڴĿٴԺ̤һɣʱţɡٴ̤һ
ڴʱһӴȻ֣ӿ֣岻ܿƵķɿ˺һֱʮɴͣ
վһԵ꣬¶֮ɫǿ־ӦúԼһκλᡣ
Цһ˺ѵ˿ڸˣĸڴĿ⽥Ժɢ
֮ǰ䣬˵ϸһ


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ʮһˣûһϸ񣬳⣬һŮҲ̤ͬ뵽ɴȻ
꣬ͱǲɢɽ£ɵһһߣֻؼģǴ˵صǸ꣬ߣ׿ơ
׿ʦܣϲΪʦĵӣԺǰ;꺬Цȭ
׿¶һı飬ȻȻʦѾ˵ˣֻλؼҴ£㴫ɷ
һƲ죬˵ҴСͿǸС˵־ı飬ʦôʲô˵ģСүء
׿ĿƣûĿתһԳĬ֣Цô֮ǰҾͺ˵ˣûǿϣţ֪˰ɡ
̧ͷĿ׿Ժ˵ɣҸĸڵңЩͻȥɡ
׿־ȻԼٴЦӣⱲӾʹڴһľɡ
¶ЦЦı飬˿ǰ꣬Ҳû˵һʧںɽš
ȥ·ϣɣֵȴ֮ʱʱ
ʱ䲻ϼլĿɼ˫ۣԶԶȥֻլͷƽһԶԶǰдݵϯԺӶ
ϼˣЩزɹľϵҲһ໥ףｻ
ϯˣˮĴ磬ˮԼܣߣеݶ໥ǰףַǷ
кⶼ¶Ľ֮ɫиǰķУôʣǶֵĸףǴ̾ѣ¡
磬СһᱻѡУԺͲøľˣ˭㲻ýһүָ׵ܣһ󸹱ˣ޵
϶ҾͿⱲӾԲһ㣬ôҿ˰ɣⱲӦˣΪˣ⵱ģǿɾ˲ˡˮ壬иС۾ָߣٱ˵
磬ҼСӣζܱѡУ۸ʮûˣ˵ʲôҲҪ顣ƵĸףˮܣžƱǰһЦ⣬˵
Щ֮ǰƲǣĸüޣһɨգȴʼһʯѹͷ
һҪѡУ
ɩҶⱲˣ⺢ӣԺʮ˴ģ˭ʶ㰡
ǣɩ޿ɱҼСб£⺢ӴСϣǸúӰ
˵ͬ壬ֽͬͨĶȥҼҹŮҲͣ⺢ǱãҴСϲҽ׼ңһĸҲΧһȺŮ죬໥ҳ
Ĵ磬һУİŰɣ˰Ѻͻ֪ˣʱûѡУ϶ճ
뵽ϹһЦƱ߿佱ҺӵݣӦ˼䡣
зֲѡʱȻһʻڴԺУ¶ˡ
˲䰲е˶սս˵
ĿһɨԸ̾ձΪʱҲףһʱ֮ΪпͷĿ֣֪ҪԵ飬ǳ˶޷ܵġ
顭ҡͷһ𽣹뿪˵ء
޵߲ǣңǸԴãǡԶԶģ
׵Ĵ磬һ뿪߳ԼӣʵɿΪͽ
׿һԵ֮ɫȻʦ˵ʮڣΪɵе̳
׿״ϲصĶӵļ򣬿ã׿Ժˣңˣ
ƵĸףʱҲһ֮ɫƣҪѯʣƴ˸ǷˣѾǺɵˡ
Ƹ׿ϲƱݺݵĺһڣ׿Ŀ¶֮ɫֵ˵壬˸öӣҵˣƨǿһҩͯʸ񡣡
üëһ⣬ôģʱ򿴿˭ɷ֪˭Ҷˡ
ĸףһֱԼޣϿһ˿û䣬һһɲԤС
㡭ôʵ


 
Ĭ׿һԼС˵ˣûǿϣڿɺãװȥۣǵһβԾͱȡˣû漸βԣ˵ûһϸģҵģ粻ȥԼĪҵĻȥǿ
壬üͷһ壬ȵ׿ΪˣҲǰҼһûǿϣƨ£ûûСġ
׿ĿкһЦû˵
ĸףһƺʮ̱꣬ϡĸףҲסˣƺţʵǡô
ҧ´벻Ѫ£ͨһڵϣصĿ˼ͷ˵û룬Բǡҡٱ֮
Լľܹȥʵ޶û£ѹûôȥ󿼣Ҳһ޶ǧɵ£뿪㣬Ժָء
ʱҲָ飬һæȥ˵ɱɵ£һеأĻۻؼҺúö飬Ҳһ
ܵݣһļ죬׷ԶϾ¶ֵ̬۷׷ס
⺢ӣ֮ǰ;òУôܺʹҵ׿ȰǶ˶ˡ׵ܣ
ǣ֪ͱŪĺıƵģඪ˰϶㶼ô͵ˣôЩ£ѹֵûѼҲָ㡣׵壬¶֮ɫ
Ҫ˵⺢ӴС£ʮа˾Ǽٵģ϶ԼⱲûɶϢ԰Լһٴ꣬ڿɺãҴ˰ɡղߵ壬̱任һĸղŰ֮ɫ
ȥԣһ˶ʧܣ⺢ӣһˣ˰ɩӰղһ˵ͶһһⱲҲˣûǸŮ˳
ɲôǰһȥǴ￴ˣʱҾѰ˼⺢ɵģôܺ׿ޱȣ׼ɲˡɩҲ
Ϳ޲УǿʲôأңҲʹҵĺгϢޣֿɵɵġŮһˣҲ󳰷
ҸղϹˣҪԼŮƣҺû룬ȻҹŮԺ󻹲úһӰ׼£۾ôˣ޼Ȼˣ˭ѹŮⲻô
һʱ֮䣬еݶһ¶ֶ񶾵ĻԽԽأĴһˡ
һĻղŵķȣ֮ߣɴ˺ƤֱӿھҪ֮ǰ͵ƷѪɫսȭͷĵʹӾң·һҪ˵ĸоߴľǳĻ
׿ĸףЦĵ˵϶֮ǰҾ˵ˣͽԵ֣ҪϸģҶ㣬ûаᣬɵã浱ˣŪúӶĻȥˣαأ
ĸ޿̣͵ĻͷŭĿӣȵɽסڣǰѼҲһݣѾϵǷݣ컹䳰ȷ浱ˮûѪô
ЩݣղŰķУ䳰ȷҼ޶ˣǻ侮ʯѵûһô
ɽһͣŭǰôʲôޱͲǿϣҺȰ㣬ǵлҷ𣬺ߣᣬҲòȥ
ΧĲмЦԼڴվԭصֶУһ̺ݺݵһ㣬ǿ˺ѵľʹۿһУסÿһݵ
㣡Һƴˣһ԰ʣҪȥæס磬嶯ϴ˺ܶ࣬Կˣأ㿴ҵġ
˵꣬ɽ˵磬ô˵ôȥˣҪٸǰҶ磬Ҳֵ֣󣬵⼸ʶĽҲ٣ɱһѻոɾ
ɽŵŵ˼䣬Ķѹ㷺ĵܺǼɵ
ģ⻰Ͳˣ϶ҵޣͲǿϣ˵˵ѵˣ޲Уǳ˵˵̫ûˡϵ壬˵


 
ɲĸ磬϶òֵ׿ǺӸղ˵Ķԣһǿ˵ܱ롣ܣһԽӲ
׿һЦͼӴ׵˵һжһҵģҺҵ֮ǰȰûðһ˶¿Ƣ󰡣ײǽˣ˭
¶֮ɫ˵
û˵꣬ݺݵĵһۣһͣ̾һٲ졣
尵̾˭£ǺĹȥ¾ôˣ⺢ûѡУֻ˵ûи֣޹أҲʵڲо͸ȥٺ٣˵ϻǽϵķɣָӣǿԵģʱܻܵһȥұʹ͵ϵһ
׿һ⻰̴Ц˵ҿ˵Уȥɣʱͺ˼˵Ǳ̭ķ˵˼һ⻰̾ء
ֻ̧ͷڵľȻΧЩɨշ׿ϣһһ˵׿ãִԻ̤ɣһ˵ĳһһһͷ
׿ЦҪüͷһ壬׿ȵСӣچ£ھͷ㣬Ūɰ׳գҾͲŵʱ˻Ҫ㣡
׿ɫ䣬æǰ׿󣬼ɫģң
ܵݣȫЦǰһĻ
ЦĿк˸ͳŶ磬˵Ҳң
æǰסģģģźӣΪⱲģģһ̣ҺɩӴؼҡ
嶢׿ףЦĿԼһۣ˵ͷĸ뿪˴լӡ
ԶԶֶԼԺǵĳ֮
Уһ̤ϻؼҵ·̡
һžĸ̾˵ʧǼٵģϾӣ̾һڵɶû£ϳŵʱ򣬱㻹ɥҲһôģؼҺúö飬ȡóɼǲϲˣͺȥɢɢġ
ﰮԼӣȰοɱɵ£ֻһӣҪи̣Ҳˣ޶Ҫǿ˵˵ţ
ŵͷ˵ǷİɣҲɵµģд㣬ǲòˡ
§ڻһжȥˣ۲ˡ
ĸůĻ˿ڽϵļ⼸̫ˣ㲣ƣĵ˯ˡ
һΣμԼΪˣŸĸϷȥ
ҹˣϤСݣ̾һĿĵĴӼᶨСݣķһֽۣһţ㹻ĸ뿪˼š
֮·ҲɣһҪȥһ£㻹ǲգҲһҪλáĿᶨŰ뿪ɽ壬ȥ
ʱ¹·Ǻָ򣬰ֵıӰźܳܳ
ƫƧɽ·ϣձҸ£۾һԼµķ
һֱ򶫣ֲӲݸ˫ȣֲиǰС
һܺѾ߽ɽڣڴ˵س˵Ұ޲࣬һ·С峿վһɽԶԶĿϤıƵɽ塣
ʱѾƣɽó˼ڣźɵɽţĿᶨʱһҰ޵ĴϢȫëէ֣ͷһʱɫ԰ס
һֻ˶İ׻Ѫ˫ۣĿ¶ɭɭ⣬ǸˮڵϷžડžડ
һ׻˳ֿɬһЦԥһ£紵棬ԺнסĸĿԼݳĻ
Тˡ
±ϵ֦ңֵԼٶ䣬֦϶½۶ϣ׹в˲䣬ȻһӴͻȻ֡
ɼıһק±ڷһѨڣڶѨڵǽϣֻֻо·ڷڰı֮Žʧǽˤ¡
˰ȫ·֦γɲϸ˺ۣұۣʹֹϸߡĵʹ糱ˮһӿĺ黩£һֲͷǷѣȻǸղײǽʱɵġ


ڰ ʯ
ɫ԰ףҧվ𣬴ܣһȻѨ˳ŶѨ룬ض޵ʬǡ
ǽϣһȭͷСĺڶĿжһԼõһ𰸣ղͻȻֵȻǴСڴϵʬǣӦһˤġ
Ӧǲʱĳ֣ǡˤһͻȻӿ֣žһǿұʹҪȥȻϵʬ޷Զӿȥֶ˵æһԽ䡣
һ˲䣬ӴǽڵСڳ֣ʬǻ죬ϵرСڣеĹͷϴ󣬷·ճǽһסС
ˣȻңʱһֻĶѨڱ룬ԼٶžһײǽϣѪĽ
Լһʱʧ־ŵϵķʬ壬ûж壬Ǿԭأʱ䡣
ʱٴγ֣ѭΣ˹ɣֵʱһʱÿֹͣʱٳһΡ
һʧæʹѨڣһɿЦһƬ֣Լɼʯɣ¼䶸ֱͣˣ޷µ״Լмʮ£ˤ
װʳİҲɽδ£ʳΨһҪ飬ֳæ˻ضѨǽ¡
һʱɿȥɫڣĸоֱѾľû֪˼ȥЦ·һ¸Ǿ޻·
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㱼䣬ȻֱĶԳһʬ۶գһץϸһֻڰʬһӤȭͷСĺɫӣְӿٳоȡ
ôӣȻĶ뵽ڴӽһɽģڽܺܶදǻˣڻγһֽڵı
ⱦ˳ˣ٣֫ɸ
ʱʱΪţԳЦ˶ˣĶɽϵһЩ񻰴˵ɵ˼֡
ɽڵǳˣȬ뿪׾٣ɶӦⲻϣһԼϸ
ָӲģƿʳ֮ü·øɾָ˱ɫ
һɫʯ飬̻ƣľִʧĵҧһ£ʯ飬Ц̫ˣôɺϵ飬ˤǰķڵ
̾˿ʱɫѺڣľ⣬ڽ佥˯£ʯ鱻ķһԵ޹Ǳϡ
ʱ＾ɢȺܿ죬ɽ䣬ˣ˿˿ⲻϵӿ壬˯ӣһҹʱܿȥ
ڶһ磬ճӶƮڶѨڣһ˿˿¶ˮԵʯڳ¶ˮ࣬޹ϡ
һᣬѣֱȻͣûкתļ󷴶ԽԽأڵϣꡣ
ѵԼⱲӾҪôĿһתȻ޹¶ˮڿʣС޹ǣ۵¶ʳɾ
¶ˮ̵ΪȺãҲ֪ǲǴºȫůļΪ
ֱ˴Ǵһĸо׾Ȼ۾ϸһ̾ϲķֱ۵ȷЩסһ룬Ѱ޹ǣϧûһ¶ˮ
ɻ䣬ȻĿһԵʯ飬עӣ濴һεϸ΢¶ˮղ¶ˮ޹ǽʯ顣ʯ飬ֹסԥһ¶˵ֱϹ¶ˮȵõͿĨλá
һ˿˿ĸоֱ۴۶գһ£ֱۣ֮¶ϲɫֱ۵ɢһӶܻʹ޴󰭡
ʯһǸ־ϲѡ


ھ 
ļ죬˾Ա˵ײķΪʳÿմ󲿷ʱ䶼ϸ۲ʯ飬ÿζֵ¶ˮֱֱۣȫָ¶ˮΪ⣬һͷǻ˲١
һգѶջ۵¶ˮȵһ·ϣصİʯڣڲק˼£ȷ󣬳ļЪʱڣݺһҧϴ󲿷ﶼ˺£˨һһ߹̶λʯ飬һ߰ϣСȥ
ԼɣȻһѸ䣬·΢һɿץһź֦ɣʱ·мѣ˩ϵǽػλƵڰлص
ֶͷ亹ðһԼжʮɸߣһֻץס֦һֻѸץ·ѵ֦ϣ˿
СŲ壬֮ٴٽ±ڣȥһֱµʱ·Ѿõޣֲ˼Ѹһ
·ܲסٴαѣҲ΢һٶȣ棬һ֦۶ϣصһ˲䣬ѵĿ壬żŵأӽǰľ޴һڵһ
ʯͷ·һѰѼ⵶׷״̽ڣһѪԵ˿ڡȸǱһʯУ˿ڿɼɭɭ׹ǡ
ֺ٣ɢѴӲϰѰʯĲͷʪ¶ˮһ˫ֲĽ⿪˿ʹһšҺ¡
˿ڴ⣬һУĵڵϣԼָǰҪʲôҰ޹
ʱȻԶһ
ģ
һϸһȻ˼ȫ⣡
һѸٴԶϷǻһȦѸײڶ£ɢ󣬺յҸ¼üͷ֡
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һһĥ׵ԼҪɱһϵ˿ԼǱӣɵÿЦ
յһɨ̧֣ͷ˿Ϸ·һԾ𣬼ҵѨʱͻȻ֣ɫһ̾ͻָ糣Ҳɨһ£ͳҺɱȻγɵķûˤѾҵȻصɴɳ϶ᡣ
˵꣬һץָӶˣɿ뿪˵أһɽ£˳ʯ׾ٵĵ϶ˡ
ɵػأ鸴ӣɽվˣ֮ɫյæǰһ˶˵˼䣬üͷ壬˼Ȼһˣ͵ͷĸɡ
ڿͷڣֵĸ׿Լӣ棬סԹĸĿ֪ԭί
ҳߺ󣬸ĸ̻صϼҵ壬˵İΣҵ׿ĸףǿӲ׿ײԸϵݣϷúɣѰҡ
Ҳǵһ飬ᣬֱϾΪûȡңи̣˵һ˵ȥΧдڿԴԺûжٸĸúԣɳڸѰңֵĸײģ͸˹ȥ
֮ǰһĻ
ûãҩæлϸĵιҩЧãºָоһӱָ˲٣˿ʹҲࡣ
ĵĻﲻϴֵĶڣͣһĥδػš
ʱ˿̣ںɴڣڳһԣ˵ҵֵḶ́úһһӣ˵ҵ޵֮˺θɣԹɣĸͳΪһûѡɱ޾ȻȥѰҡǶ˰
Աһɫˣ̾һ˵ļԣԹɣǺˣǺǺɸ鶨ȻӰպĵȡʱ˼Ҹĸһ뵽ûȡͿܻᱧѰͷǻҰѺ
һߣ豭һڣ˵ʵ˵ˣΪǺûˣҪӷѡȡʺɵĵôٺ٣Ƿ500ǰҲᷲ˵뷨
һƵߣ̾Ϣһ˵ɱһΣܻܿɱڶΣˣΪʡԺ鷳Ӱɡ˵꣬бۿˣ˫۲˵


ʮ 
üͷһ壬ϣǺѵҪ¼˵زΪһ˵Ȼ
˫ۣ䣬˵ϣ˵ˣ½ҵȫȨãСɱڶΣʱĸȥ˵ǺɱҺӣѿ飬ѵͲ¼Ը㸺ҾͲˡ
æԲ˵ˣǲҪΪСȰΪӣȹʮģɲͻȥһҲûպ鷳գ
һԺȻ˵ûȡĺҲЧ£Ǹô죿
Ц˵Ҳð죬飬Ҳ˽ѵԺвԲϸĺӣһһû㲦һ²Ҫͷ͵ˡ֣ȻѾֵˣɴ˰ɣһӣҲ޹شš
⣬϶ôĿ⿴ˣ
΢Цİְ֣ܰҶˣҵǿ龫ҿɾȴ֮ˡҵǺ֣һˣȻŪȲϡ
겻֪ǿ龫һżȻһʶ㣬һ۾ͿΪɣǱһԵ̬óⱦã֪
һ龫ıֵˣϢʱֶţԼȻĪıΪӡ
ѸĸºɣŸĸ˷ܵı飬ҲΪϲãԾ̤̤ʵʵɡ
뷨ĸɽ󣬸ıˣֱеһרŰżӹķݣһü۵Ļ֮꣬ɫ´һЦǸɱųΪӵ֣
ֿһۣĬüëһЦСӣ쿪ʼÿ̫һ͵ĹˮʮףûзԣһֱУһ泤ϣɡ·סˣֻܴ£ֻгΪĵӣŻַɫ·˵꣬ͷİһ·ԼһԣĿԷ
·ʵס
۶ûĵ˵ߣȻῴһƽݣƸĵӣ͸㰲ŷˡ
ּתȥߺ۾ӵȻɱżǷһ
ںڣһ·ϿĴ󲿷ֵӶ£һɫҴңɫ䵭һЩлŸɻĹߣƣ
һֱãڿһŰᣬµҪȱ𴦶˲٣ȻǸ£˴˺ٽ̸
ƽ˵صĻµӺ󣬶Էû˵һ䣬ͷָһᡣ
Ҳϰ䵭ı飬ߵᣬŽȥһ䲻ľһӣɨĺܸɾ¾ɳ̶Ⱥͼࡣ
ѡһʹõľźãڴ˼ǧ˵ڽˣȴ֮ǰǸ˼ԼĹˮ
뵽̾һӰǰʯ飬Ϊıֶ֪࣬ܶʣоͰƥﻳ飬¾ģκ֪Լ
ʱ䲻ҹĻ٣һĻһƣ飬ƿֺ߽һϸĴһ㲻ֱڴϣ˯ȥ
Ҳ⣬֪Ҫ磬ӣӰóһЩЩʳĸģ׼·ѰʱԣҵֺɣǱʣĸ¡
ֳ˼ڣʱڶһֱĶŸ˼ĭһô
óӵԷϣЦкܶ࣬ϲԾͶԵ㡣
ץ̻ʵ̵æܵԵ˱ˮһںȸɣ̾ģСүҶûԶˣǣллˡˣʲô
ֱһʱȻʧְǸɱŽɵķϡ˵ԾȻЦǣҽŻ˵ﻰڼûв֪ģҲҸղô˵ʵģȻķ
ֿЦҲ⣬ֵݹȥ
Żæӹ˼ں󲻺˼˵֣㻹Լɣģ֪񴦵Ļһӻˮɻ֪ˣģֱͲЩӵ˿


ʮһ Ż
ǣһһ뵽ľ֮ǰЦԼǸ꣬ȽϷƺﲻ֪׶Է˵ǲ
ûǸżӹǸеģҲǼӣѾɷʸ£һͲɶˣƵģ˽¶ôŻ˿ˮҧгݵĽ͵
ֳ˿ڸ˵֪˵˭ˣ쿴ˣ˵쿪ʼÿʮˮûзԡ
ŻĿɿڴֿãȻʵǣǲǰг𣿡
ҡͷʵôˣ
ŻһĿ⿴֣ʵ֣ǲΪװˮĴףͺۼõô󣿡˵ţֱȻһ¡
𲻺õԤУ˵ͷ
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ĵðһ˿аҧҧ뵽ĸĿ⣬ǿаѻѹ£һڴ˯ˡ
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ͬʱҲʵĵط㣬ٶȻܿ죬Ȼ߲١ƽôܿһ޷ϣһ㶼޷ﵽ
ƪ̰ǰķμģϥۣķҪһķʽνһʱ䳤ڶǺʱֻ֮һΥĺʽٶ塣
СעڵһκʱڻϳĸоףҪţɳģԼޣں֮С
֮εķ岻ûκθоֵĺʽŪЩ
֪̾ŵӶߣСӱǸЩ˿ģʷȻ޷ǱȽϡ
Ҳ٣˼󣬼
һҹʱ仺ȹһֱڶ峿Ȼûĸоһδ˯ԴģӴ߳
ҩ˱ǣڣƣĵ׻Ȫˮ«ǴʱϼȪˮۡ
²֮ʱԼ¶ˮ«ĵطǳţǿұ˴ɽҵһƫƧ֮أ˾ɾҲԲᷢرλá
Ųҩ԰ڣҵһհ׵أϥºּɣһᣬһɷǳ΢ϳ֣һ̾ϲҪȻߴʦĺ֣ڸʲôҸ㣬Ժҩ԰ɡ
˫ۣɫǳĬ뿪ҩ԰ӡ
һ˵㵽ҵطƬҩ԰ŨˣЩĲҩˣСͲġ
ֿһۣӲ֪Ժڴ˴ɡ
ɫԻĿһתȻٸŪһ«˵ҩ԰ȴԸһƷʯⶫײ١
ֵͷĿм֮ɫһ˵ӿȥɽȪ￴ã˵ܼһ
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ϲɫæ˵ûֻҪҿ«һһƷʯ
ĵЦȴϹϾͷӦŵ
ӡдʣһ˦ʱ԰֨һ򿪣°͵ĺӣЦȥɣȥٻء


ʮ «
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ģҳΪӶˣûôҪļһʲôôܻῴĵ㲻ǿı
꣬ҶʮˣǶǿ汾һģߺߣŵӾ໥ȶǵſЦɡ
֮Է׷һɨĿУʵһﵽһʵЩһһ
һţ˳С·ֱɽȪֿȪˮϣĸоӿ֣һֺ˼ڣŲһԣ
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Ƶɽҹգһ·ҿȻɫһϲһҰ«Եٴһ಻С«קºҴ뿪
뿪ɻ֮ɫôЩ«ǳƽ˰һͷˮժ˼סλúӰʧ
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ʮ 
뵽Щ«һЩ«о죬һ·ҿͨ«ѿ۵װȪˮ·ϱʦֿ׷׳Цһ
Цȴŵŵ˵Ҳ֪ʲô˵ֻҪҵ«͸ʯҪңʲô
ѣεĸоĿְ죬ĵһβ˻ɣ«Լ²ǰкܶ࣬ǾֻһɵСм񵽣
˵Ҳȷֻдﵽһ㣬Ż֮е뵽Щڷз谭ԷҩɵСԭʾͲУһͼޱȣڿɺãЩҩûʮ꣬ɡ
̾һĻ䣬ʵڲģԥһ£ӴóһƷʯӸ֣˵ǴӦʯȥɣһ㡣
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ѻһּ򵥵̫ѻʮа˾ŻɢõĽҲմ
ѻҲΪˣڤڤ֮ܵһЩƣᵤڲɶԷʹãͬС
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һҹʱȥ̾˿ڻûκļЦʱűƿһںҺ壬˽

һĿۣδӹʵʦʲô
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ԥһ鲻ƣʯ룬סһڶ
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һԷЩʲôһӣ߳ţķ˵ʦȥɽȪô
û˵԰ӵȴϢĴˣæ߳뿪̲ĵİиϡ
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²ԽԽȷɵôΪʹһʲôûÿ˼Ӿǰҩˮһգ֮½й֣һѵ⣬һ˦Ժ
ֻҪһ֣۲Ĳûñһɶ
˵һ¾ʳҩˣûиʮģһ㣬ģ˲ҩģӷá


ڶʮ 
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ɣĿǰᵤĸҲˣǸ߸ϾסŨĺɽձչǱޣɴ´Ӳ롣ھҲʮˣмȨʯʹá
Щ⣬󲿷ֶͣڣҲڵѡ
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ڶʮһ 
һеģԴԼĪʮ˾꣬һų°͸߸̧ϷŲм˵ʦչض²֪ǺЦʦ˵־Щ޳ܵķŻŵӡ
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ĵů΢Цƣлл㡣
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˳Ǹʮ˾΢Ŀֺͬһڵϴ⣬ʣµ˾վһԡ
׿һֺ֮ɫŮ˵ŻŮһ֮ɫʱ졣
ʱ仺ţڰִأһ̣ٴδ򿪣ƣ߳жһӡ
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һһǰȡһԼǷݺ󣬶΢Цȭ뿪
Ƶ꣬ղŶԷҩ裬Ƕ鵤


ڶʮ ɢ
ص̹Ϸţ鵤ûãǷڴҪһӵʵ顣
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һҹʱȥ峿˫ۣæӴ°ʯóҺһ룬ϵʮδ֡
Ҳ٣ʯ·źúԥһ£Ӵóһ鵤һڷ£һڳ֡
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ģȫ⣬Ժ˯ˡ


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ޱ޼ʵĿռһγ֣վĿ¶˼֮ɫûĴ߶ǳ˼Ƭ̺󣬲ϵԭ£ظѭ
ʱĹȥĸ߶ԽԽߣһֱڿԴﵽСɣƣʱΥ˺Ѹٴӿ֡
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۾һ˲䣬´һԾϸߣѵĽһ޶
ʱ¶ŵĿ⣬ϲı֮ӿ֣ǿѹ¼飬ڷȥ仯ɿ죬ʱ˼ʱգʱ¶֮ɫͷˮ˳յ¡
ǿ壬ôǸߣʵҲɶûҪ
ԣôҺųֵʮԪǼߣһãһУɵʲôأ¶ִ֮ɫȴߵһУȫĵͶڳ˼֮С
ѵǡŲһͣԺз·ץһ˿ʧѵʱ䣿
뵽ҲƲס飬Ҫ𼸾䣬æݺݵսȭͷĶӡ
ǺʱйأҡٲҲΪˣΣ΢ָ˵̷ڵ͵ƣͺӴһԣĬĬʱ䡣
ԼĪʱ͵ĵƻϨ
æͣȼӣٴνξ
ûϰߣϥڵϣĬĬ֣ʱ䡣
ʱһʱʱʮʱʮʱ
˺Ѹг֣˫۵һ˲䣬͵Ϩļ
ʮʱ䣬ξжȹʵʮʱ䣡˷ܵվ𣬽סӡ
ĵһΣɣʮİա
ʱѾͣ𼤶飬ûϰɣ֪ڰʹӣ˵ʲôʱͻᱻз֣ʱԼԱסǰӷڴڣ߳䡣


ڶʮ 
ɽȪŪ˲Ȫˮص俪ʼȪˮҹʱ֣ѷãһ˩ϣһͷϵֱֻۣҪű򿪣̲
˼Ȫˮӿ֣סӣξռ䡣
ޱ޼ʵξУϥأɣܵķ壬ֱĿʱɢ͵Ĺϵһ̣ɵߣȻϢڡһУû˿
˴ԼһڵȪˮɢһաһΣԸоĲͬҩȻ֣ʱȫɢ
ȴһȻɢȴһ˿˵࣬ȴַǳģ²ã㲻ڣհʹϡ
Ϊ뿪ξ޷ȪˮֳãշξĲͬ棬ʱ˵ûϳоһºÿδᾫȫ̹С
Ȫˮɢɣȴûˬĸоʱ䳤ˣơ
Ƭ̣Լ˲²⣬һлйأξռڣûڣ
ԽԽȷüͷܰȪˮǾͺˡ뵽Ȼһͷ˿¶ɻı顣
ϴŵӵĺɫ·ֺǲ⣬æдĵطִʧˡ
·Գξռڣɴȴ޷֡˼ȥʵһ£ʲôƷԴξʲôƷԡ
ʱܿȥʮʱ˺Ѹ֣ʵѡ
лһʣǾΪʲôÿֻܼʱʣȪˮ«ڣϣ׼ξ
ôӿʼûκ⣬ĵһϸϸ˺ܾãѹеĵģ۾ɺ
ģĺƽȣϵıڣɢͬʱҲһ˿Щһ㣬Ҫкܳ·̡
һʱжȹڼʱȪˮ«ϵĺȪˮ״̬
֮⣬һδʯҪξϧһֱ޷ɹ
ҹ٣˫ۣԼܸо˿Զһ㣬һǳ˷ܣڣȴٴʯ飬ſȥȻӿ֣¶ϲɫæջĿ⣬һ
վӣ°ڷ俼˰죬֮ǰĴνξǰǰշһ⡣
ν룬ġΣڹ۲͵ʱŽ룬ڵĴΣǼһ졣
ɴ˿㣬ξһƣ׵ķÿҪʱϣſȷ롣
ֿʼ׼ʵ鵽׿ԴʲôƷξΪŪ˺ܶණ«һ֮ǰʣµǸװ¶ˮģһǿյģһװȪˮ
ʯƬҲߵЩǴԼó·ȫϣŶӣξ
ξڣȫ·ʯƬڣΩ«ʹûС
ɻ֮£Ȼ뵽ξռûκ֮һͷܹξеģȫǷ߿˵Щûκ
«Щ϶ٶ޷˵ء
̾һֿǲܰѺ«ֻÿνξǰȼȪˮԼġ
뵽Ȼɫһз·ץʲôҪĵطʲôҲûץֲϲµĴ̳˼ڤ˼룬˳Ÿղŵ˼·һһȥ
֮ɫһϲ뵽ؼڣȪˮ޷˵أȵȴδʧ
Ҳ˵һвǾԣֻҪԼ취˵԰Ȫˮ
ȶʮʱȥ߳䣬ɽС·ǻѰңɼ˼Ұ«Ҵһ
Ϊ֮ǰ«֮ûξΪ«ע¶ˮɱ̺һ
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ʱϹĸ«ξڽһɲǣ̼ϣϲķֺ«ȫڡ
һȪˮҲûʧһڣȻǾ߱˷֮£ֶ˵һڣϥؿʼ
ÿɢ̺ȼȪˮģһ˿˿Ļڣĸıƣڵһ㲻ϵĽӽ
ܵķ壬ٴλߣڣϢ
ֵʣûӣûҺ壬ôҪʱ䣬пһɹϻݣûʮ꣬ɹ
һµҩһ̡ɢȥ˻ݣˣҲҪʮҲſɣڣȱӵʱʮξռ䣬ڵһ㣬ָտɼ


ڶʮ 
ɽʱתƮºξռڱĿɣڣѾоĳ׵ס
ÿɽΣÿξǶʮʱһ൱졣
ʵе£ʵȴһꡣ
һּ飬֮ǰδо㣬ӣȴᣬÿȪˮóˣǴɺ
ظϵһ̵ķʽȪˮᣬĸ񳣳ǻͷǸֲⷦζ
һ뵽׿¾Ϳһ㣬ӿǿҵĲʣ㲻һеĳ֮С
ںɣһ˲෹Цһ޹شСʵ࣬עȴ١
ǰԺ󣬾ʱҲӿŭǿԼаֹ˵
ЩټֵһЩʩÿڽҪ˯½ξ˲䣬̰սҲƽ˾ûκ˷ֵӡ
ֺµȪˮѾ޷ˣֻҪоȱ̺¼ڡ
֪£ʹץѣһӡԹ磬ˬŨȪˮΪʳߣΪټҲһЩڵϹſƵȨѳɽŨصɽѨﵽȪˮЧ
дڷǳҪĵλԹͲʲôʢ֮أ˵ɵҲ㹻֪˷ʽҲʦһʹҪ
ЩȪˮƵҩĳɹʣҪ֪˵Ҫг︨֮յЧ
˼޾ڵԽԽࡣ
һգξռɣĸо˿˿ȫźɫĳӿڱ֮ɢ
һϳĸоǿӿֶ糱ˮϯȫÿһλãһεκɫʣɢŵζĺëų
ܿͰ·ʪֶԴһ˿̳һĸо֮УĿȪˮϵķֽ⣬һ˿˿ĸıĽṹ
Ҳ֪˶ã۾δй֮⣬֡
һƬиƽĺˮ㲨ʱ־һһԺѧʱ״ȰĿ⣬ҹʱĸ׹ػĻǰĸı飬ݳĽɫȵЩİ˰㣬ƽһһ
֮ĺһзɬ֮ζ̤һ˲䣬һ˿
ƪһ㣬·һţƿ߱УӴ֮Ͼأִ
ÿһʱᾭḶֲ֪́Σʿնһз£ȴն˸ĸ顣
̾һվӡ
һʱѾԲξռĲͬ˵ܵķ壬֮ǰκ쳣ȴܷЩһڲ˵ǿ仯֮ϹӸһ㡣
۲ţ˺Ѹг֣εĸоҪ΢٣ܻʹȴڳ亹
ʵУ۾ڴϳ˼«һȪˮʱһ˿˿֮ƮΪ档
һЦﵽһѾԸо֮ˣ˿ȻȫģͷһȻʧЦƪмأͻƵһߣųʣǸıؾ׶Ρ
ƿţʱ磬Ų飬߳ţɽȪԣҵһλãһϴڵʳУϴ˰ųϴɾ
ϴ֮Աߵʯͷϣ̧ͷ죬лƪмصһ
ϸĽһֽɷķֻҪڴﵽһ㣬Ϳʹá
ɱϾ500ǰһͳԹֽ˵û䣬ȴдɷţԭǸŵӾȥؾѡ񣬲Ȱοѡ޲֡
ȫΪǷһѷɽϣ˵պѣȴĴաʹɽǰڻ
⣬ƪϻ¼һǻһǵ


ڶʮ 
ȻĶջĿھָϧ˵ˣǶû֣֮üͷٴγԡ
һһεĳԣվʧܣֻһγһǣ̾ɢ
ʡʣֿЦֶԱʯͷϰ˵˵ЧҪȻԺãʯͷϱСֲָ˶ٵķ϶ɵø̾ķȥɽƭ˵ǿԣսУһöûС
ϰЧɲ⡣
۳ɹʣԶֶ࣬˵صȫϣνʵ˵˾Ǹտ塣
ȸˣﵽڶ㣬ͿϰͻƵ㣬Ĳ󣬾Ϳȥѡȡɽ
ϰ˰죬ҹǰȥڴﵽһ㣬߽ţ·ʱ洫Ϥ
ʦ֣㵱ŸҵĹǿ˵ֻҪﵽ100ƾʲôָҼӵ1000Żֲˣ⼸ҲûТ㣬ôңѵҪұɽŰݣ
ŻҲ˵Ϊ㣬ۿû¾ˣʦҲùǵúøɻʱҩǲǣ㿳ľ͵˺öѵ⣬һСб°100ľ30ˮ
ܣ㺬ѪˣΪǰԸһɷѡɵĻҿô鰡ʲôĸ֪ڷҪ뿪ô̫ٵˣӲˣͺͳ˵ȥŻŭ˵
ŻҵģҪֻã˲ÿĶ͸°ɣ֪£ǾȫңӶѰ˸š
ڴŻһһѸٳ񴦣һ߿š
ֻĿֳذףɿǽһ֮ɫŻ
üޣۿŻóγɹһֻεĴ֣˲סԷʱذ׼ѾŻؿڣѪ¡
󺧣ȫ··ѹһ㣬еذҲ޷ǰȥ
Żɫ԰ףĺֹסڳм֣ɿһ
꾪㵱ֶͷðпƲסĺۼ
һһˣģټ϶ԷǿƼѣ΢΢Ż޴󰭣˿ʱЩи
ۿԷѶŻĿ¶Ź֮ɫֿ֣˿ʦ֣¶һ˿ɫѸٳ𿳲ĸӣʦǰ
ʦ¶־壬ΪңŻһҧ޶ɷʦҵģĻҪȫң
ŻҪʲôĵһʧȥЧ
ָж˲䣬Ż̧ӶʦֵԴȥ·ϱʦ㣬͵ĳ鶯£㲻ˡ
ŻиžһڵϣŽѪܵʬ壬鸴ӡ
ִڵһοѪԵʬ壬֮ɬʵŻ㡭
Ż̧ͷ֣Ť¶һ˿֮ɫһһ˵֣Ҳˣɱǽû㣬ŻͱɱˣһУҵģҵģ
ֳĬû뵽
Ż¶ᶨ֮ɫߵʬԷŪ죬ͳһҲһżż̽ʹõɷЩһװӣŻһۣ˻
ڷѰһڴ·һ񣬴һһŻֽ
ת֣ڵ֣֮ŻģǴȥˣһ׷ȥҵңЩˡɷһȻҲܶɱ⣬Űɣ˵꣬Żֽݸ֡
ֲδȥӣ̾˿Ц㡭Ǻο࣬ղɱ
Żüͷһ壬˵֣²Ҫᣬ⼸ܹˣѣͰɷţ
ֿɬĽӹ˵
֣Ҫˣºûϵǵ飬Ҳֻҵϣʱ뿪˺ɡߣԹˣŻͲһӶǸӣŻɫӣú󻺻ת뿪˷䡣


ڶʮ 
ŻıӰú̾ϢһлֽĵЩѹŻںɵһѣڣȴ顣
ɷǻڣֿлֽɫһ䣬̷˲ֽͬ˵̽õɷһ޶ʵ̺ԶԶ̽ɷ֮һΣյϢɢĵһ䲻֪⵽ǺǸ
һԥְѻֽ𣬿ŵʬ壬̾һʬŻٶȣܿӲɵ׷ɱ
ڴڿռ㹻һʬ壬ڷʰһѪȻϢ뿪ɽѰһɽʬȥСĽĻص˷䡣
пһȥŻ飬óɷϸо
ɷէһƺ̽õûɶ𣬿ϸ۲ַ֣ǲʣɫıʻҪԶǰߡ
ɷɷľãԴӵóȻ¶ˮЩ˵Щ˺ľģײá
ټɷԼ͸һ˿ΣյϢнѣԥһ£ɷڴڣԺо
Щóӣξռ䡣
ΣûаȫϣǳһЩʱ䣬ϰ
֮ǰʦϺ󣬸оΪʵã˴ģϵϰ
ú«Ϊϰʩչץ««ᣬκץۿɹһΣжٴδͷʼ
ֵ뷨ܼ򵥣Ϊ⶯ʮʮȫɹ򼴱ٴ󣬹ؼʱòҲ޲
һ£ڵ״ֻ̬ʮ34γɹѣԶԶδԼҪ
ξڵʱɿȥֲ֪У˺Ѹ٣صʵû˷ʱ䣬۾һ̣˼ȪˮֿʼɣȫĿԺصƪݡ
ƪϳÿķ֮⣬¼ҪĿھ
ھĹؼڣڹʮ㣬˵һȻȻ⣬ʮĲ㶼ҪԵĿھ
ڵһȻ꣬ûпڶĿھڶķҲ޷ڶ㣬ֻڵһǻ
ĬĬھȫ֮仯ֱ仯տʼȽ΢ʱԽԽǼңͷ·ǷڵĿˮ㣬ܡ
ģԲ㣬϶ɢȫᡢ顢ʹζȫִԼ·ѾǧٿףһеĸԴڡ
ƪ۵λصһ仰
ÿĿھǴδζɳɹʡȵȶ𵽹ؼáе˿һξͿɹе˿ҪʮΣٴΡ
֮󣬸ָоɢȫ죬ɢһɶִƪ˽⣬ɢֻǶݵģһδɻָûгɹڶ㣬ʧܣȴû٣ֻǳԶѣʵ֤ĿǰԿڶ㡣
ϾһҲֻǸոɣϾȪˮ«֣һֱһ㣬ﵽһʱٴοڶ㣬һɹȻ߲١
Ĵ㣬ֿʼûûҹڵۣҲߴ
ڶ㿪ĿھڼҲγԣϧȫʧܡ
ʵа£ξºһɣȴξռļʱ䣬ۿʱ磬һԥĬڶĿھ׼ٳһΡ
ѾǵԼ׳˶ٱˣÿζŪȫɢûгɹ
һʱƣ̧ͷɢɾЦʧˣڶ㿪ʵ̫ˣȻɫһĿ˸ŷš
ʦܣңһ⴫
Щ죬ƿһֻһʮ߰ĺ̬꣬䵭վ⡣
£ĵһϳ˶Էݣǵհ׿˽ӵɵ꣬ҲǴ˴ָµѰҵ
ּǵʱԷ£ڶ̶̼£Ȼ£Ȼɽ²ʱΪҩͯʦ˵Է˹ؼʱ̣ӰǰΪԡ


ڶʮ 
ϡڡסУ´ߵʵ͸ԷΪǹ˵ֲμʦ֣ϲʦ¡
ɨ֣ɫԻ˵ǰڳɹ㣬˵ҲЩϵѰʱǸۣҲ޷ôͻơ
һʵʦ֣ɽϵۣ
˵ͷ˵ﵽĲ۷ʱھҲȥʱȻ֪Ч˵꣬ɨֵ֣ʦܣƽӹⱾ޷ѡ֮£ȻѾΪŵӣ͸ҪŬҿڰޣȻһ㶼ΪﵽҪ֪ĿǰŵУֻûﵽһˡ
ĵһȴЦ˵ʦֽ̻ģһӱŬ˵꣬һתźۼĲ⣬ʵ֪ʦˣΪ£
Ц˵Ҳûʲô£񴦵ļʧˣ˿㵱ȥѯһ¡
ɫ糣̹ЦӡƽʱҲȥ񴦣ǰ·ǼӶҳԲѷԽѵһ벻鷳Լɽ˰ɡ
ʦԵͷЦЦĿ֣˵һļӣ޹شţм£źͼʦΪ񴦲ӦðѳڼУҪһŵȥ︺𣬿ŵӾԸȥæ
ֿЦ˵ˣǰѹŸˡ
ʦ΢Цͷʰһ½͹ȥɣںңȥҪúһ
˵꣬һȭһ̤һѾӨ͸С̳֣ŶԷ磬תۼʧӰ
¶֮ɫȥ˶ӣױ˷ܣƽʱȻ٣Ӱʱ䣬ֲܲȥǴһصʰ꣬񴦡
оԼԲ̫ãֻгװ񴦵ңмȥҪΨһķ
ʰһķ䣬ڳһŴ⣬ûõĶͳͳԺ
ʱ½м񴦣Ѿֽ֪ӹܴ˵صϢһҵļˣɫ԰ףġ
ȥʰɱֵһۺ󣬱ԹԵվԺ
ʰϣֲóһ£ۿǰһٶӣ֪ɼӺܶ࣬Щֻһְˣպļ죬ÿնмӻӹ
㣬Ժ󿳲ÿ500ĵһˣǵﳰԼ
һ̿ɥ˵ʦ֣ҡǰڻ﷿ֻˣῳ񰡡
۾һһ˵ˣÿ1000
Էͨһڵϣĺʵʦ֣кã֪ˣóЦ㣬Ҳ𹫱˽𰡣ҡҡ1000ɵ갡Ҫ500ɡ
һ뵽ֻѣôҲû뵽ǵѣڶⱨ
Ⱥм̲Ľģôȥҳϣóֹ̫ٵˣ
ûȥҳϣŵӸҪǲǾͳ𣡡
ǣߣﶼˣһС˵־ı飬Ҳ룬ǿɱŽɵ¼趪˰
ԽԽңİ˾ʮ˶á뿪Ժӣίı飬һԺȥһ·ϽҪֲָǻ˵
еĿϣҲΪЩܳɹһһŭ׼Ҳþ
ʣʮˣһԥԥҪ뿪һûɣһ뿪ǳ׵֡
ҲżԺĽһᣬղ뿪ļӣһͷɥĻˣǲٽһ¶Ĭ
һǱ飬ûɣĸʧҪ¶ִһЩ뵽ƲƲ죬ɨһۣ˵ǵﳰҵģˣСүҽģģȥҳϣ˭ҪܰҴ񴦸ϳȥһлء
ʦ֣дŹǰɡеĵ
ǰʦ֣ǵϹˣǰɣҡҸͷˡ
ʦ֣ǵ˵û˵ҵάţҡ


ڶʮ 
û˵ԱŭСʦģı˭
С磬Ĺһطģô㣡Сɫ΢䣬ܻ˵
дףʦ֣ģҸɵĻɡ
ʦֵ֣ܵģóһһ֪ͣ˶ټӣʦ֣ʵҲͷβһû˵㻵Ĵ˰
ʦ֣ʦСͲãɲػҪÿ紷ôһЩɫŮӣ˵
ɼУŮԲֻ࣬вʮ֮һıϾϣԱȽռơ
ٵŮӣȻ°㼫ܵӭеƾ츳ıǮŵ
ʱŮӶۣ˵ʦ֣֮ǰʦ־û˼ҸػֻҪÿϹźһˣɼмҶϤҴǹһɺã
˵硣ÿ˶еҪ֣û˵˰죬Щͷȵұ죬ʲô߰ġ
˵꣬һˣڵ㣬ˮһʮף⣬ȥҳϣ
Էһſ֧˰죬ۿ¶֮ɫЦæͷ
㣬ϴ·һϴ500ǵã⣬ȥҳϣ֮˿ĭǰһڣЩ૵500ϼ˵·һ𡭡
ɨɾͽˣǾ仰⣬ȥҳϣ
㣬éҪ濴һӬסɡ
ȥҩÿ500ҪӲݺŪңȶɣˣ⣬ȥҳϣ˵Ҳˣ˵󣬵ⱻ㵽ˣһεڵء
мӶ¶ı飬500ҩɽжûôࡣ

ְռﵱԼףһһȥⰲŹҲۣһڰѹ꣬ԥһ£ЩǸ͸ɲ꣬ҳûİ취ˣЩʦǻǲΪǾˣΪԷһֵٰĸһЩ˶֪񴦣һĴ
뵽ָһף˵ãܼ򵥣Ǹк˭˭¼ʲôңÿ¸ҰһΣ̰ģɣ
˾ϲ̹ڵϿͷ֤ԲǴ
мӣһĿɿڴǰĶ»һֱڣǰ֣ȻĿŵҪ¸
ʱиͻȻǰӻó̽ɷ˫ϣĵʦ֣СТ˼ҵġ
ֱһӹڻ˵ղŸ㰲ʲô
ˮһʮףæ˵¶֮ɫ
ÿװɣֲ˵˾䡣
̾ϲл
˴ͷʣµ̶ҪǰƵվ˵ɢ˰ɣҪعأԼĹҪõĹдֽϣָȥÿʮһΣ
˵꣬ͷҲصߵ䣬һš
Ժһ̾еĸĿ¶߷֮ɫһ䣬˭Ҳûֱһ׷뿪
Ƕ뿪߳䣬ϸϸ̽һһƫƧķźһ䡣
ִһȻ̫⣬Ǵ˵εĵطˣǶһյأϷźϥ£ξռ䡣
ʱţתۼΪ񴦹Ѿˣ˿ʼļ찲żӹ˷һЩʱ⣬ȫϣڼӵĹͲܣֻҪûɵģ߼ԷȻ̹Թɷ
£ģǱʱ˵ļӴϣ²͸Щʦ볤ôģԼ˳̶ˣȻû


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ѵҪٹһЩΪ뿪񴦣׼ȥˣҪЩʦǵļ
˽ڼУ˷޳õĴ⣬ֶһĳƺ
뵱šǡȣӾϸ߳һء
־ξһʱﵽ֮ǰڵһѾޣôɣӣһҹֿʼԿڶĿھ
εʧ֮󣬹򲻸ˣڳɹͻڵһ㣬ڶ㡣
Ϻëֳִĺɫ֬ϴˮеԼ˫˿ƺҲһˡ
°ͣﰵֻڵĿھȥҪģ֪Ѿﵽڶ㣬׷ԭ򣬵ʱһͲȥܿΪԼ鷳
˰죬Ҳûʲô⣬ֲɵüͷ
̾˿ϰһξһʱ䣬Ѿʮа˾ŴοԳɹмڴˣִӴѵȣһʯͷʹơ
ʱҴңֹһ£񴦵ڣŪüԹصѾ붬ɿʼ׵ŵӱԡ
ҲǺÿʮһεļǰλɻóΪŵͯӵʸмһĥȭӿд㡣
ǹ񴦵飬㵢ʽ
ֶԴΪʧŵӵıԣֲμӣʱ仹ξʵڡ
һգɴѩɽëѩԶԶȥװعνǧ⣬ѩƮ
ûǾվԺ⶯·һֻεĴܲҰ㣬ѩ׷״ܷɢ£ûһƬƮϡ
ңɽķʱ򣬵ﶼڼůĻ¯ӡ
ڻ¯Զ飬һŹľæŴˡ
ʱˣߣľʱǻǰæ֮ڡ
ЩֻǵԼСݵĴ棬һЩľݣʱųȥڱھӻˣ
뵽Щֲɵ֮նϷЩӰִֱ˫ۣʱһأ飬նϣЩĲĵס
лţȻɫ΢ʱѾڵڶ㣬һֽʶ˱ܣһƪ϶ϸ
ʶһɨһᣬԺűƿƴƤñƤ֣˵磬㲻䰡ôٻվ档
ָһ㣬СҪź㰡Цȷûио䣬ԴӴﵽڵڶĸоҪǿ׳̫ࡣ
ƹһЦ߽ժñӣϸĴһȻ˵磬ôͼǰһˣ
ִȤȻѾﵽڵڶ㣬ˣ
ƲƲ죬򷿼ȥ˵ˣʶ࣬ж鵤ڻûﵽһ㣬㣿ɣ
Ҳ⣬֪ʱ˵ʵ˷ţڣû׼ɡϾƽӴ̫ȻһЩ
һʵ飬Լ
ƣôʱ䵽ﲻæˣֻص䣬ΪԷһˮʵ
ƽӹ˼һСڣЦ⼸Ҳûȥ춫ǷҶˣ˵ţӻóһСϡ
¶ЦЦı飬һۣԷģŲƻƽ޹ֻΪͶ
ƱЩ죬Ȼ˵磬˵⼸ͦģ
ƣлֱ˵ܰһΪԼ˱ˮһСڣÿɷ
֮ɫһһЩĵ磬֪Ǵˣʵʵ˵ɣ֪̽׵ɷ࣬ܲܽһЩ


ʮһ ѩˮ
ɫ糣ʵҪ٣
ԥһ£˵ҲҪ200飡
ôࣿҪʲôãһ200ó⼸£յĻ¸500ˡ
̾˿˵磬⻹2¾ŵӱˣ˵Ҳвμӵʸ񣬿ûǸ»ΣҲģ׿ǸһﶼѾһ۷ˣ˵ڳԿڶ㡣
ôô죿û׿ʱΪȣʹȻҪ
¶߷֮ɫ˵иʦʦϧǮҼҪһ¯컯ڼҩºȻٶȴ
ֵͷɻɷʲôϵ
Ȼйϵˣ㲻̫ӴˣԲ֪ÿɱԵǰһ£ŵ֮䶼ᰵطһСͽ׻ᣬʱó໥ȡΪ׼֮ǰμӹε˵׻ʲôãɽҩȵȡƵ˫ð⡣
ȻĶԷɽûʲô뷨ڿھȴץסģｻ˵ŵӾôЩˣ˴ܳʵĽô
ƳЦһ˵ʵˣ⽻׻ỹһ涨ʵ˵Ҳǲμӽ׻ʸ񣬱ҪһλⵤҩºǴﵽڣߡ
Ŀһ˵ɷѵΪⵤҩ
һͷȻȷⵤҩѳҼÿʱ˽·ʵ200ɷһ
ֳЦ⽻׻ͦ˼ģҲȥ
æ˵аֻҪеҩȥμӣΪ˻һ컯˵ŵó
һӴó400ɷЩɷһÿ100Ϊһݡ
˫ð⣬ӹڴڣ˷ܵ˵磬Żаʱ䣬ʱ㣬һȥ
ֵͷ˵һᣬǡ
Էߺֳ˼Ƭ̣ν׻ἫΪӣںĿھ־ڱصã
ûʲôֵǮĶɷҲȫ˹ҩϣ˼ãһЩŪȪˮӦûˡ
еҩ˿ݡ
⣬ֲ˼£ʱξδﵽ޷룬ֿʼŴʯͷϰ
ξռѾϰ飬ԽԽߣǲٿغ«ʮʮȫɹƽʱеһһЩСɸץ
󣬳ɹֽǽڵڶʼչ֡
Ŵʯͷ˼ʱɫѰѩɣû̽ξռ䣬վſڣѩ˼
֮ǰһµڶַһ⣬ȪˮЧֽͣ˵ȫϣȴһ˿ǡ
ڼԽԽߣջһգȪˮʧȥЧ
ӽݵҺ壬¶ˮѣȪˮ֮¶ˮɼ̫ʹãûСֻȪˮżʵãȡ֮ϣȪˮһʧЧԼҪǰ׼ƷŵĻѩĿ
˫΢ãֻĻѩӵƮ˳ŷһѩһС
һᣬСѩԣӡʮڳһӤȭͷСĻ򣬻ɢ£ѩˮɿڻ
ȫڻ˲ͷĺˮֲͬķΪ
ѩˮֶ࣬˵óӣ棬˰㣬ӡ
ڶӵоѾ͸ȪˮݣǼޣҲ˽ʱ䳤һЩշ֣۽ݶãֻҪ㣬Чһ
ưһЩһڣ۾΢գϸĹ۲Ũ̶ȣһᣬ˫ۣЧȪˮܶ࣬ǵ¶ˮʹã
̴Ӵóһһ«Щ«ɽϲɼġһҹԺѩȫɾŰһС«װѩˮ


ʮ 
ļ죬ȥξռ⣬ֶæڴѩˮǵ磬ôΪˣֻú««㹻࣬ڻ˼ٸС«Щ«ѩˮӦùԼξʹúܾá
Щ«ϣֿʼȪˮ˵ЧЩͣȫʧЧȻʹá
תۼʮȥʮ죬ֺµȪˮԶԶȪˮº̷ֽ⣬ĻĶӣ޷ôҺ塣
ڵڶ㣬ҪҪȵһΪֹʵξռѾ9¡
֮ǰһ㣬9ʱ޿̶мӦôҲСгɾͣڣ˵о˲٣ȻδﵽЧ
һ죬ԼӣûнξǾȶԷҹʱ֣ѩƵӰʶС
ûãţδ߽ٵʱ䣬Һòײųߣ׻Ҫʼˡ
˵ţҴҵĿ첽ȥ̸ϡ
̤Żѩ˲һᣬɣ˳ɽС·ȥ
ʱ·漫Ʋ߿죬СĽǰУӣϵĹôѩСүҪˤɽҲҪȥָ
ӯԴ˵ҲûʲôͬУãȽ׻ӦֿԻ۲ѩˮ
һᣬͣ½Ųĵݸһɫĵҩ쵽ˣǰ˵һΣתˣȰѵҩ£ĪҪ˿ݡ
˵꣬óһͬĵҩӽһŨĺɫѸٴɢ˶ڣһɳƵڴôܿ˭ô
ʶһɨ޷̽룬ĵ԰ЦⵤҩȻ棡˵ţѵҩӽͬһĻ֡
ڵӰѸȥת˼С·ͷһƬյء
յغܴվʮλֶһһĺӰһĬ
ֶҵһλվﲻ
ûãۿһ˵߳ɿһɳƵʱ䵽ˣλ֣վɣ˵ţóһɫСڵѷɽɽģżȻõпɣֻҪ500ţ
˼н֮˷׷ױ˴ۣãһǰ˵ó500ɷԷɽס
ʱһ˿ڣһ½ɷƵѵķֻ鵤ʮóһ쾧Ө͸壬ǰһα
Һ㻻ԲԶһ˵Ҫǰʱһ˷ɿ˵ҳ12鵤ȡ
֮ǰһԥݺݵĵ˶Էһۣ˵ΪʮѾǼˡ
֮½һǰóԼĶ潥֣ʱмһƷ飬ռ۸ߵá
иֻҪڶ㼴ԶʱΪڣ޷֣ⶫ֪Ǹߣûʲôãֻʮ鵤Ϳˡ˵֮£ԥԥ˵
˷׷׳ЦͰöûУŵȫΪ˵ΪԽߴԽã˭ûеԼΪɳҲͰˣǶݵģǻҪô5鵤
ۿʽ˵֮̾˿ҪȡʱֺȻǰһͳ鵤һˣ
Էһ̾ϲæǰס
ż¼һûֶʶһɨʱйⷨĿھӿͷ
Աô󣬿ɶ˵ȴǴΪã˵ֻܶʱΪ
ʱ߳һˣɳƣ˵ĸߣȻ컯һöҪԼۣ
˷ܣɿ˵鵤20
ɷ1000飬ӷɽһѣ
ɷ2000飡
鵤30ɷ500顣
½һ飬ɽһѣ鵤ʮɷ500飡
˷׷׸ۣȻ컯Ϊӡ컯ִ˽⣬һַǳҩºҩЧͣ££ٶȣǺܶŵĿһѡ֮
ⶫڣҲǼÿ״̬һֻλԵõʱɵõһʱõ


ʮ ھ
ֶ컯û˿Ȥۿ۸ѾߣΪϧ컯Ƶòˡ
ţȻƴ鵤230ҼˣٶˣӾͲˣ
һʱ230鵤ѾǼߵļ۸ˣ˻ᳬ컯ʵ̫ϡ٣ܶ˾Ĳġ
ʱó컯ˣȻЦˣ˵230뻻Сүҵ컯ȥɣ2000鵤ļ۸СүҲ
ŶԷоϤϸĴһʮа˾׿Ҳܿ϶ϾΡòԷŨĺ֮С
Դûһ׻ˣԷԴסʽ
ֽ׻ˣɿһ˵ˣȻ컯˻Ǿʹ˹ȥǼнס
ûãóƷǰߺȡʱ䲻ֵǰóһСƿ˵һοɱһ鵤Һ壬д100Σֻ3Ժھ˵꣬ƿǣʱһ֮Ʈɢ
˶ΪĶ鵤ϾǳƷҩ˵ֻ߱ڿڷҺȻóĶ࣬ƵҩյЧ
ƷɽʱҲԡ
˺4ھ㻻
üëһ˵ֻĲ㣿
456ھҺ壬ΣһԺ
ֳҡͷҪ315пھ
ʦܣⲻΪôӣȥǿſʦ֣ҲֻǴﵽѣҲֻӵ789Ŀھ1015ھһЩʦ壬˭ҲûаЦ
һԥһ£ʱȻӲԶ
Һ200ΣҿԸ49пھ
ȫȥֻһӴС·Լʮ˾̬꣬䣬δʹûλĿһɨʱ˶׷׹
μӶʦ֣
ӲδǣǶ֣ڵ200Σ
ĵһͫ͵ԷɢϢһּΣյĸоԶԶںɼˡ
ʦʦ֣޷ǰȡ
ҺżȻõ100⣬мʮ׼Լãûôࡣֹ˵
ӳһ˦ӳһ˵ˣʣµҺ嶼ңھˣ
ֽӹʶһɨȷִӴóһСƿ֮ͬǰǸƿӣڵϣδӽԷ
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۾һУ֣Էǰ仰ʵ̫˿һʱ֮޷֮Сʹˣֻܶϲ˵ѡ
Է⻰ǱڵĺκֻҪҺ壬ɵﻻκƷһ仰ƵһΣյıԵ
Ȼ˵Ŀ⣬ȴâڱĸоȻЩ˰ע
ԴӾóȪˮѾ㵽ֵܳ⣬ҲĻţɫ糣Ĵܡ
½һύףս׻Ʒϲãδľɥĵ뷨һ׷뿪
ֲδһͬߣǰʮɷͬ˲ϢգۼʧӰ
Ʊǻ֮ˣˣﻹףѧɷɿ뿪
ٿ༸ڽ׻¶ĵӣҲˣ˵ҴҶߡ
м¶ҺĻŵӣͻĿһҪȥ׷ѾԷӰӣ׷䣬뿪ˡ
һЩΪĵӣҲĿŵ׷Ͼŵ֮Ľ׻ᣬɱ֮£һԷʦ֪׷Ź
ֱ֮࣬ϵɷɷߵٶȣǿԵӵģʮɷ£ٶѾ죬һصڡ
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ɫλʧȥҩЧ¶òŽ߳һ·ûзκ쳣ص񴦺̱չκ


ʮ ѵ
ڵŲĿھĵ״󰲣ʼӼʱһȥɣ˽ŵϢ
еŵӣ׼׵ĴȣһʮǿôҩʯȵȣȫԻȡ
ۺģóر˫»ΪһĽ
˫»300ǰһǰĴټĹһı
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˵ĴȣһΪŵӵˣֻˣ׿ĻΪ
Ǳߣ໥֮֮أ˵μӴȴһ˵תۣ˾׼
һнŵϢûκιϵճϰµ׵ǰһգ߳񴦣ֱԺ
ϢķѾɣһתȻȻԳδﵽڵһļ
Ծ˶ӣʺҪҸɽѰҰ֮Ǳޡ
Ժ߽ûñҩ԰⣬ĸ˵֣ʦ
ʲôҩ԰ӴŲδ򿪣洫ͷȻӣǼϲ
ɫ糣Ϲмѣ˵Ϊ㣬Ծ޷պıлʤ¸ʦˣԲμˡ
ߣСӻʶȤʦĵ׿СС;Ѿﵽڵһ۷壬ʱͻƽڶ㣬ȥˣҲǰ״˼һָͷ㡣˵ǻݣôô󡣡˵
Ҳ⣬˵׿Сʹ㣬ǵӿɱȡ
ҵ«Ĭʵ
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ѵһ
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֮ļգ̸֪֮ͨŵУʦֻ˵һ˵ΪûµӲμӵԵʡ
׿ĳΪһʱ֮Ű裬ͬε˷
һܺ峿ںڻصһ£ŵӱѸټɴ
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üëһĬ
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ٶȣԺĴ⣬ݺݵڵϣȵ֣ҽȥٸҶۣƴ𷣣ҲҪһ㣡һ仰Ŀ¶ɱӣѾ˼ޣ¶ԺҸ¡
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һһ·߽ѹŭɫ糣˽ȥ
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ָ߽ʮĿ۶̸оЩѣһɨæͷ


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վʮλŵӣڡס·УΨû¡ЩһмѣࡣϤײ٣׿ŮŮӣʦֵȵȡ
ǵǰʮߣһ䵭м䣬һˣԼʮңɫɷǣĿ磬Ȼʦܣĵӣ
æЦ˵ʦ֣Сͽ֣֪ĺ塣
ȻʲôʦʲôͽܣʦܣͽɵͷɵԵģ㵱껹񰡡λõһߣ
ʦ⻰ԣʦܵô˵Ҳʺϸ񣬿ɱͽǿأһߣһЦ
ɫһһ󣬻ͷݺݵĵһۣһҲ÷ߵԵĿλ
üͷ䵭ɨ֣㲻ᣬղѾ˵ˣμѵҪгЧڵĽԲ䣡ӽ쿪ʼǽɽÿ˶иԵأұչΪ鵤ó1ʹáڼ䲻뿪ɽǿɼס
ŵӦŵ
Եͷ˵ϣ֮лߣ£ҺɺĵӣԶŵӿɱȣˣԼɣҰ͵ɽԻΪǰ֮ء
˵꣬Ӵһ˦һ׹ڴǻһȦӵͺһ
׹ʱ޵תۼһĻŵڡ
ȥһͺȣĻһ󲨹˸ʧڴڡ
巺һůĸоǰһʱȵķԼվһɽڣ˵ҪŨܶ࣬ԶǴˮĿһɨеŵӾ¶ɫܴͣ
ûκֲֻйͺͺһ޴±ڡ±һĶڣһЩʯ
ȻֲעԼŤͷһֻ׿Ц¶м֮ɫ
ʱ±ڵĶѨڷɳһ꣬£ɨһۣλʦܣҺɺɽڣ˵Ǻɽںɽ֮󣬴˵ʵ500ǰԪӤʼֲרΪŵӿٵ֮أԶ棬ȼȻˣҪץһʱĪҪиʦְӳɽ
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ԵͷſĻᣬΣ֮С
߲¿ھУǴﵽӦΣûпھɵҪҼԻǡǵ֮أδʯر֮ѡǶ鵤ÿƿ50ÿ겹һΣſ˵꣬һӣϳʮɫСƿ
ʱ½ŵ߳ĬĬһСƿѰ֮ؽ롣
ûλԷϳԼ߳Сƿſվһԣһŵ߹ʱȻɫĹŹ֣˵ʲô֣ôڵһ㶼Ϊﵽʦ˭
ֽŲһͣתʦ֣֣ʦʲɣȻδﵽһ㡣
ſһЦ֣˵㣬ȻҪҲɵĹؼȻʲ㣬ҪŬ
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ֶſ񹧾лת߽ڣɫû£ԼΪʦΪ׺ͣϧ֪˶ԷȻСݷϡ
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ϸڶѨڼһȷֶǳ⣬ʹ뿪Ѱ֮أȻܾһҲ뵱뷨ûʲôͬ
ֻһ㲻ãǾǶѨûˮԴֵҪǿҺ壬ڣҲ˲ѩˮӦùʹһЩʱա
ղˮˮԴ⣬ֻҪһЩҲѽ


ʮ Ƿ
뵽óӣʼ˵һαչ
赴ʱţɽʱմҴҶתۼȥڣÿճɣϰҲį
˵꣬ξռ䣬ʵѾչ˽ʮꡣ
˵صŨ̶ȣᣬ˵ǱȲȪˮÿʵɣܶԳֹ
ڴӵڶ㿪ʼĻξʱǰﵽޣӺʼͻƣκɹ㡣
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ڵҲΪŹ֣ͷ㵽Ｋ޺һ㣬㲻ۡ
㣬·ûмް㣬Ծﵽ˶壬ɣȻӣҲڲϵر졣оȻ㣬֪ΪԼȻͻƣﵽĲϡ
ִΪ죬˼⡣
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׿һ˵ʣⱲӶ뵽ڶ㣡


ʮ 
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¶֮ɫȻʵʦ֣ǲÿͻƣôѣģô
ʦֵͷûԽԽѣģѣ
ʦֻشͬʱҲ˲ԶĵӣȻһŮʵʦ֣ĵʲôطھڵ㡣
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ʮ 
ϸķԭ־ÿԼξйأӵ֮⼸Ѿᡣ
ÿξʱѾܸоЩ壬ɢһֹŹֵĹߣԼڡ
ߣо˺þãҲ֪á
ΪĹѾʹãԳΪʱﵽ㣬һںɽĵطҲԽ͵Ĺȥ
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ʮȻÿ춼ϰ֪УѾﵽһֲֿľ硣
Թ磬ܺһöʮϰɷ
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ĻһķţЩһγһתУѸٳУˣʧɽڡ
뿪˲䣬йɳ嶯ҪһʱȻɢֻʯеʯڣһȻУȻȫԶ£һ졣
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ٴγʱǺɴʦϷԣߡ
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ʮ ޸
ĵͷ˵°ɣɽҩ԰ӣסûԺκβҩ㶼֪ô
ֵͷ֪ϲԼʱǿﵽڵ㣬Ŷͽܣǹˡ
ʱ䲻ԺڵĽ֮ǰһΣھɵػأһĻٴӿͷ
ϥһµӣʮֺ꣬ģȻδμӼѵ֮ˡ
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Ҳ˵óƣ˹ȥ
ӽӹһ̬̱ĹŹƺǿЦ⣬˰죬ʵ̲סЦ˵ԭʦһĴͳҵˣʦһиϰߣÿɽʱҪ÷ɽ档
ִΣ뵽ղı飬ǿЦ
Ц˰죬һӣǿѹЦ⣬˵ʦܣȥɣҽѡѣǷɽ˲ãҵһ˵ʱΪԹţķɽء
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Ӽˣ֪ԼǹصĽƣҪкԵȣûѻڣ·̰㿨ɤ˰ûĳһ֣һӵɸԲ¶ŨĲ˼֮ɫ
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̱һ֮ɫרŸĵӣ֪˵ص󷨽רŸһʶͿмʦ޷ǿ߽ڣŵӾ͸ˡ
ֻյʱŻӶѽڵĽɢѡǷƥ֮ˡ
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֮Щȷ˵ţBķɽˣͲһѷɽһεŰ塣
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ҲҪΪƽֻڸһѾ̣ƽ棬ʵϾͨûκγ֮
ֱž޴ʯǶϣӶý˿ƶɡ
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°ͣЩѷɽģͳԺȱǮˣҸطһǮ
ѷɽϣһӣдţ˽о޸500ǰһʦؽ죬˵йѲ֮ʵʴ˽ϹΣʦһдףǰΨһԾǰѴ˽ŽԵˡ
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ѷɽڴڣ߳ӽŵһĸղųЦ֮ɫŵŵ͡
ָղڷʶδע⵽ӵ쳣ʱĸֶԷΪǰƺ󹧡
صҩ԰ӣѷɽóĿɿڴ˰죬Ŀһۣ˵ҿѾ޸ʵûȥСеɫãͿȥԼЩʦ
󣬺£صɽþòͬʦԼԵӣ׷վڴ⡣
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ŵӣ˿¶֮ɫеŮӸŵĻɫ䣬˫ȷ
ʲôСֵģǧˣÿȥͱһɣߵĺߣĺȵȻ֮ŵ


ʮ 
ߣÿζôףҺɲ޻ɽޣ̵ģлᶨҪɵޣ԰ڣһʦ壬Ŀ򼣬˵
һһɫ˲һ𣬺ȻһɫںϿգһ
ǧͣǰʱϴһЦ
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ɫ糣ϲŭȻŷѣӮˣճŵ֮Ȼհ죬ˣڿ޵ĹɲҪ᲻ò
˵䣬ɢ±һɫķɽصŻ˵С
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һͺȣ̰ŵӾѣһ׷¶ݡ
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ٻʲôŵر˵Ʈ̫ϳϽᵤڸΪ˼֮٣֮߷׷ǰȥף٣ȵȡ
˰죬Թ磬һģӡ󣬾ʱȻоעԼŤͷһֻڵλһˮŮ΢΢һЦ
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Ҳĸо죬ڣ˼ȤԷԸ߱ĳɷȻҪ١
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ĿһۣջĿ⣬ͷ


ʮһ 
ڵҲڴŶԷһаԱȽϣǼڵĺµӣصעĿ֮꣬⣬׿ʲΪҲڵǵע⣬׷׼С
ڲŵĵӣֱӺԵ
üע֮⣬˰صϡ
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ɰн˶֪꣬ԷƻĺܣɱؼʱŻóĵӣ˵Ĳ٣һЩףϴαԽеЩӣڴ˵һ
ЩˣαԹעص㣡
ŻĿһɨڵӣǵһˮһһŮ϶һᣬİ̾500ʱ䣬ɾûˣˣ500ǰСɶȲೡΪӦñʤɶԷȴֳ纱ĵӣεıԣɶһЩǡ
ѵҪºĵӳǼءȻĿڶԷվһһϣɫ΢䣬¶ġ
ˣȻԷȵӣҪĵӳˣ
뵽ɫ糣Цŷѣһ·ȥЪϢɣǼϼһúþ۾ۣ˵ţһ΢ЦŶԷ
߾Цͷ߽
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׿ȻԴ׼̹˵ʦģڸλʦʦ㣬ӶϤд
ʦڸӺЦ˵ڵλʦֶʲô׿˵ϷʹˣͲЩ˲κһˣǿɶཻδ磬ǵ£˵꣬΢Ц߽
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Ůӿյİƣһ̾˵ʦܲԷƱɽչص꣬ͬŶأȴٿ㣬Ǻܿ飬㣬ʦܣ˵ﻰҺ㣬ﵽ㣬Ҫܴ
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Ҫ˵ȻɫһŤͷһֻԶ׿¶ǿҵĶ֮ɫŮӡ
ʱԶԶĴ׿ڵĸλʦʦ㣬ղ˵ǧϲʳޣλҺɵ⼸죬ιʳǧ飬ͽǰɡиʦܣ˵ֻ˷ʱ䣬ץЩҰιʳ£˵̫ʺˣ
׿ʦ֣²װɣǧҰδѱİιʳһΣգڵһˮӣԥһ£˵
ûϵʦ֣֮ΪΣնȴأǹͣۻȻҺɣȻҪǸ𡣡׿º͵˵


ʮ ڶ
ȷˣڵĸλѣ¾ͽǰɣŵҲ˸飬Ϊ׿˵û
ԥԳΪѣɾʱվǸӿһӱһͷ˵Ȼˣλʦˡ
׿ǺЦתڷ򣬸˵ʦܣιʳǧӻɾͽˣҪǧСŶ
׿⻰ڵӷ׷֣һŹ֣ǵܲè壬֣һǵ׿
ʱŵУ˳ЦҸղŻĥ׿˵˭ȻԤϣʦܣ
Ҳȷʺϣʣ˷ʱ䣬ϳҲͲܡԱ˽ӻ
۹֮⣬û˿ʤΣʦܣԺúøɰǺɶ
Ц֮ڸӣһǳˣֲ׿һΪʲУԳΪŵӳĶ
飬κɶᷢ㲻ʲô£ǺڵӵĿУ̻˷һ
ߵŮӣüһ壬Ŀ׿˵ʦܣҲҲ㣬ҡ
ҡҡͷ׿ѾһˣӶ˵һμ濪ʼ׿ϲ̳ŵӣΪԿɱɣЩ¼ͽ᳤ϵ£Ʋ
Ҫģڵ㣬ЩŵУͲΡ
ʵһУֿſڵ֮ɫǧ򼣬Ҳ⣬Ȩû
ûã׿żӣֱˣȥ˿ͷЪϢ
ڵһˮӣǰɨ֣º˵λʦܰɣǧ򼣬Ұδѱιʳ֮ʱҪСģҪ̫ӽĪҪˡ
׿ЦĿּۣ㲻ᣬûã˶ɢһա
Ůüͷֺ˵˼䣬Ҳ뿪
ſյĹ㳡վӣǧȥھʮɴͣϸޡ
ǧһȻɶ໷ɣÿһڵ㣬·һѰѷļ⵶ڵ壬͸һ˿ɫĹߣǧͷ޴ǯӣĴ̳η
֮⣬עģͷĺɫӣ޷Զ·߰㣬Ťҡ
֪עŵ˫ۣĿɨһ£һɳ֮⣬Ѹϯ
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һŲ뿪˵أɽһȦʶɢ׾ٵץֻСޣߡ
һ·˼ڵӣߣͬżʦ֣ڽȤ£ЩʦֿС޺󣬷׷״ЦڵĿ
һŮӣĽεΣͬˮİ㴵ƣЦλʦܣץЩСޣǧͳԲŪһĳ棬ǧ
ŷʦãɵСƽʱ͸ưƵģ㲻ôǲ֪걾ûʸ񣬼ȫϸֻģʦΣΪӣУֺã˵
˵֮죬Ǻɽ׿ơ
ӣҿ£ӦǺŵӰ⡣
һû˵꣬Сӣ֪ʲôķֵһʦ延ģûñ㱻Ϊĵӣˣʣ˱Ц֮⣬ⱲҲƴЦ
ֵȻĿЩһۣҲ˵첽뿪һصǧСһԱߡ
ֻСޣһǧ򼣬ʱŵſڵ
ǧ۾Сһۣſ³һ˿һֻСޣ̷
գۼ䣬ֻСޱһ̲ѪˮǧһһѪյ
˺󼸲Ŀһ˵жأⶾǿĹֶΡ
СʱһϿ֮Скܴϵ˵ͷԽ󣬶Խǿ


ʮ 
ǰаɣ̺ĶأǴﵽ˾˵ĵزֶ򼲻İɽĺӣʯͷץС棬еĸרץιʳݡ
ʱСģҧˣҧĵط˵ֻҪˮϴһ£ΣգҲڼ˼죬Ҳͺˡ
һӣרŲɼ򼶾˵ˣ򼶾úˣβЩΪҺڣľϣɽԼɽϺأСķ纮壬Щ͵
ʱпҩ򼡣
˵ãȴ˲ÿ죬ȫʹ̣˵򼶾ɻⲡ飬Ϊ£ûץβ
Ϊֶֹڵ£һֱ¡
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Ȼɫһȡ򼶾һƫ˵ƫһ˴ģһЩҩɿ״ºͻ³ء
뵽ǧ򼣬ΪĶ˵򵤷ȥ˵ɲҩȫĵطⵤˣûýȥ
ʱɫÿСĴһԲע⵽ֺæַϣһʾȳȥ
һʶһɨֵʦһ࣬ϵŵ¯ͶŸҩרע
߳ԶŵĳˣҲ˵һ·񱼣ֱܳԶ˿
֣˵ǰμӼѵôڵڼˣƴ˰ɿʵһ˿⡣
ڵ㡭ףʶһɨǰͬ͸һ㣬ֻһۣĵһѾﵽڵһ㣬ȴǳŹ֣ǰ״̬ת¾һֹķʽ
ÿѭһȦڳһ˿С
ƵһЦ˵㿴ˣ
ֵͷƣ˵˵ô£
صĿһۣЦ͵͵Ĺٺ٣֮ϸ㡣ˣ磬ңʲô£
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˵ɵĸλʦ֣Сɽǿ˲ãھ䱦֮һǮǿȥҺòײ͵˳һ˭ǻߣ뷢¶ģպĽóҿɲˣ
ļٵģⱦ˵ô棿̲š
ɽƭˣžˡɽҷﶼȥ
ָղžͷ쳣ۼ˺ܶˣɵӾУʱ߽һֻһʮꡢŨüȻڵӣһ˸һööͭǮɵСվģ̸
ܣڵһЩӣ׷¶Ź֮ɫһʵڿȥɿһ˵ɽʦ˵ûǮȷ䱦֮һҲò˵ɽʦѣƷٻǾ߱һЩá
ɼ໥۷׷ף߳һӣּǵԣյɽ̸죬Ҳ֪óʲô˾üЦ˽ס
ֻһѷ֮һЩѣȻڲˣŵУҲʶ֮ˣ䳰
λʦ˵Ĳ԰ղʦܶˣƷǺɲһôֶȥΪղأǿѲˣɽ̷
ʦ֣˵ˣƽΪղأΪ˻ؼ͸ҵҼɱģ⽣ãɽĺյӣɫһģЦ
ɽҲЦ˵ˣڸʲôҿɲܣˣ⻹и޵кڻҳѬǸξԲƭˣԵһ£
˵꣬óһڲԲ򣬶һǽڣ˳ȥֻһǽڳһȦ֩ѺۣһƬйɶζɢ
ô޵кڻҳѬɽŰȻ󣬵ϣڻҼңûϴζҿѼʮ޵ҺɣǶ˵ɽһЦ⣬Ľ͵
ĿɿڴеŮӸڱǺ˼Ҳĸо棬ʶһɨȻɫЩŹ֡
ڵλӣһĸΣɽһϡŹ֮ԸϾ˭Ҳ밤ųһ
޵кڻҳѬڣ󣬰ＸԸϵ䱦ˡ
ôҿѪǾϻǧպʱãȻҿɲǡɽ¶ı飬ȴڰЦɵӣСүԽô˵ǾԽãٺ٣ʱкϷˣǻȥ󶨻ң˵Ҽ


ʮ ɽ
뵽˫ð⣬ʼߺ
ɵĸλʦ֣оϻ˵úãɱ˲ͷأҽһ˵ɱжˬ죬ˣöԷų꣬ǿһ£ͳҴʱȻôһУ򲻹ԷϾռư
ֻʱһУԿջЧԷȫڻңɢר˶ĵطܣﻹ˼׷㰡
УУиһֶӮĴЧٺ٣˭ҺŮˣһУСԺٺͶԷܲǳζ
ɽһߺȣǴ˲ŵӵģǶԷ˵⼸ЧжԸеǶΣòŵĶѡ
⣬ʵнɱﵣ
ʱɽĿһתע⵽Զ֣ϵöԷǺɵķַ￴ǿҵƴһεĴˣڵļѾեˣһ֣ɽĻŭţ˵
һЩΪ͵ʦܣ˵Чãһ֣Ժ˭۸㰡˭۸㣬һȥɽպںߣ˸ǡ˵ɽﰵЦĵ˸ǲܵģǱһٶ򣬵ⲻˡ
ʵΪ͵ʦǣ֮Ҵ˦һȨˣԺ棬չһɽۿܶ˶ĶˣæӴȷ
컨׹˵ĶĵŵУһ˵˵ô棿óѡһʵһ£ˣұ򼸸档
ɽ˵ӴóʮķڵϣǱըһ㣬˵ⱦһмǣţʹʱֻҪӳԶը
˵ŵӣʶơ
ǰСĴڶһϸ
ɽɫ糣ļ뵽Сģƾ㻹ܿߣڳϣʦֶܣ


ʮ ¼
ƿ˰죬ҲûʲôͬһԶյأڰջһΣص˲䣬ɽĬ
һըڻأ硣
ĿʶǴ˵أûκ˲ղص˲䣬ĸоɽڴһ˿Ĳ
֮ǰһʵʱҲˣֶЦһҲƣȥ
ôλʦ֣ɣɽǸʵˣҿȰѳ˵ǰ棬ⱦʵǴδζɱըҪһͶļɣȥˣʱ򲻱ը˵ƭǡɽЦе˵
ƶ˵ֱǰɽＸ䣬ŶԷߵһԣóٶ
ɽΪѵ˰죬óʮ׸Է
ֹˣȻǵһҽףҾͶһˡ
˿ͷҵˣ߳ŵӣɽͷӶһЩ
ɽÿ˽꣬Ҫ䣬˵ⶫұ֤δγɹһûɣͶϰΣʣʱָͶɡ
˵⻰ʱɽİЦĵӼζɹҵָ£ɹһΣںҲͼʱ䣬ʱﻳɣˡ
ȻһЩŵӣŽ̬ȣδ
һᣬʮʣ޼ɽĿЩɵӣİһɵXߺߣպǲõҲˣ౻ƭһѣһˣʱкϷˣȫҿƣ׶ңģ̫̫ڴıˣ
ĿһɨȻע⵽ֱЦЦһ۾һתǰ˵ʦܣô˼棿˵ʦܰΪʺˣ֣˭Ҫ㣬ӳȥһ
ֿɽһۣ¶һ˿޵ļ֮ɫ
ɽһԷһۣȻֱ͸ĵܵĸоϸĴּۣԷڵ㣬ҷƺм٣ǰԼǴ
ãɣҿûʲôֻڵһЩЦͷ˵
ɽһԥϸְ죬ȷԷȷڵŷģóЦʦܣʦһ飬ɷɷɣһͬĸо
˵꣬ĵ뵽ȷǲͬ죬ҿûƭ㣬ߺߣֻҪαûϳԺˣҲѰһʲôвͬ죡


ʮ Ϲ
˶Էһۣ˵ɽʦ֣ˣĳǣ
ɽæͷ¶Ƶı飬˵ʦܣõʱһСģҸղҲ˵ˣͶַ⣬Բұ֤ÿζɹʱûɹ˵ʦƭ㰡
˵ּ꣬ߺ
λʦ֣⻹иأǺϻڵ˭ȥϻҸ˫޵ˣⶫһ˴ŪֵģʹɵʦǣҪջᰡ
Цתҩ԰ȥһصסʶһɨڣϥԼķڣóϸ۲졣
֮¶Ȥɫʶ£·͸㣬ûκܿԡ
ʵ˵ˣɽһʶƾ㣬Ʊơ
ִ֪ԭʶôʹáϸģһᣬ׾ٵİʶϡ
δȥԷʶǰסԸ⣬ʱȥ
ʶãֺܴ˼óʯ顣
ʶȻãôǷأĿʶʯ顣
֮üͷʯûκα仯ʶпҲһƽ档
һᣬɫ΢Ѹ뿪ҩ԰ӣٶߵɽ䣬Ѱһ֮أȷȫ̽ξռ䡣
һ˲䣬֪Լʱȣɢȫʶ
㣬һ㣬㡭
ûκα仯ֿյ°ͣѵĲʯʶ
ʱȻһη壬Ȼâ˸󽥽
һţӦ㣬һһ尵ȥξռ䣬еķ壬ȫ½ûãܱһƬڰûа
ĵ𾪣СĽĹ۲ãҲûʲô쳣
ù۲ˣƾ鶯ڼԲľ磬Ҫӵ쳣ǳ룡һϵȻ֣˲ɣ
͵һͫ׺ݺݵһ£ξռʮ꣬⻹ǵһеڶ˵𾪡
֣֪ǰǣѹĵ׵ľ⣬ıȭ˵
ֱǴ֮ˣʱв뵽ԷͻȻ֣ȻһֱʯڣԼʮ꣬¶ڶԷļ֮С
Ϸ֣һСûʸ֪˽ʮʱ䣬ϷаӸȻ鶯ڼԲ磬̫ʧˣԣȻڲ뵽ʶ۲ӣߣ
ֳĬ֮ǰҲʶ۲ʯ飬ֻûһ۲ôʱˡ
µķʽҷУ֮˱£˭㣬ɱ˭Ǹƨ⼸꣬Ҷڰй۲죬ǻңߣڿͱɱɾˣ֮ˣұؽǻɢǸ׿ҵƢͱȡֻ֮УȻȥңɱɸɾţɵǸŻҾͦϲݶǸСҸϲϷζ
ֱŹ֣Цǰҡ
һû˵أߣСɻмС椳ĲСǲܣҪǻϷͰץ¯Ԫ꣬ζһʮûǸоˡ
Ŀɿڴ˵
СӣвȡյӤڣϷҲܳˣ
ԥһ£ЩԺʵǰʲôӤڣиղ˵鶯ڼԲЩʲô˼
㲻Լ밡ʲôʵģˣСޣԴܵõ𰸡ߣˣСӣ鶯ڣļڻߵһͳƾ磬൱ΧҪһЩ
ô˵ɣֻᵤԪӤĸڻڣǴ˵еľ硣
һһڵôǹұߵȼﵽļӦĻõ˵ĸҲǵʸͬʱҲҪеά˵ʹ
ͬļһӤͻ弶Դơ


ʮ 1
ֿЦ˵Ӥڡ˵ʵ̫Ʈˡ
ƨľְ㣬Ӥ䣬񰡣˵ܳȥ⼸ʮÿδҶԪӤ㹮̻Ȼʣ30꣬Ҳ޷ﵽΡ
ҵԪӤҵȼĸ֣ܿ͸Ϊ
˵ˣɶģӾΪͻȻ˵رѾţ֮ձ˻ЩɢòײڣҸᣬӣûУȻ޷ȥ
ҲƭСұշ֣ǲܣӾͷ·һ޷뿪
о˶꣬ӱ󣬲һЩãҷɳȥ
ҵõʱо㱻׷ɱҪۼľˮԪزſˣҲҪٴﵽӤڣſɰŪȥСӣ͵ģɣʱٰҸõҶᣬĴ£˾ͽǣԺ㣬Сӳĺġ
˵˾ͽҲղǿˣ˰֮̾⡣
ֳĬҪ˵Ȼ˾ͽٴ
Сӣˣȥ
Ȼ䣬˺Ѹӿ֣һʵ˫ۡ
ʶһɨ̷ŵӣһһŮ͵͵ִԼʮԶʱͣร˵黰һȫѸ⣬֮صܡ
ֶ죬һμӹѵĸкĿһᣬŮ˰죬뿪
صסֳ˼ղξռ˾ͽϵĻԷĻֲţйȼۣ۽磬ضԷҲЩطѡ
󣬺ڵĽʽʼ
֮䳤õĴͳҲûʲô̫ţص㶨˺ɽĸ壭ɷϡ
һεʯţ֮䣬ɷǰԶԶĿΣÿζǱƵס˫ۣ޷ϸò
ɷ壬ǺҪĵص֮һ˵ĳ̶ȣںɽᵤʦ泣չ֮ء
ڲɷ嶥ˣһרΪ׼ʯףŰ˿޴İʯ500ǰɵĻԻʷ
˵أһɰϢĴӰ˿ɢϢһ֣תΪɱ⣬̹ǣĻꡣ
ѣɵ˿ÿο¶дͬԹرŷߣп̾ͬʱһ˦ɫĻİɱ
ڵӷ׷¶ݣղŵһ˲䣬ɢİ֮һ˲·ɳЩܲסһֱŷ߻ָ֮оɢ
ŷѣҺʦִıڰ֮ڣҺɵӶܵϸǵɱӰ죬ŷӦ֪ͻ֮£ɫȻ˫ֱ任ӡĬھʱһ͵ĹӰ˿ɷ·ֲֻ㣬Ѹ¶òɱ⣬ʱҲһɨա
󣬸еŵӣһĥȭ롣
޷ôǰϹأһˣ磬ȥɣŷתͬϽ˼䣬˵
ڵһˮӣ΢΢һЦһ㣬վĸ̨ϣ˵磬ֽ̣
ָ󣬱ϿŽ˸ľ޸ɽɫȥҲݡ
ͽܵװ磬Ϊ⣬ԴִﵽڵͽܣҲǰôˣ˵̸ϲ٣Ҳɵӿ
ȻˣһУҪֵΪǷһֱͣڵ㣬ǹʮ꣬Էǵ㣬ֻˡ
ʱ䣬ּ㲻󲿷ʱ䶼ξ˾ͽϽ
ŶεĽ̸˾ͽһЩ˽⣬˾ͽȸĵһǿߣΪɲ⣬Ϊѱɱ˶ᱦŰ衣
ʱΪĳ֣ķǳŻ˿һۣ˵ȥ
ŵУƽʱĬԣǼѵвĵ֮һ
һԣɱڵĵӣĽУٳ֡
ŷҲ⣬΢Ц磬һʹɵΪ
˻һ˶ʱɫһ䡣


ʮ 2
ɵһʦǣһɫһﲻ¶âڵĿ⣬
ٺһЦ˵ͽˣνɱҶˣ⻹ǵһš
ֿ˿ͬŷŭı飬ϸһۣϣһʶΪ
վʯ̨ϣĶţЦʦ֣ȻڳϷԸˣαԣֻΪ
еȣɫڣΪ׳֮ˣƽɵķߡ
Ŀһۣȭʦ֣룡˵꣬һ̤һɫŵ׸֣Щɿգʹǻ
һ˿˿ÿһҶɢһ̣ϵ·޷Զ
Ż¶΢Ц˵⣬Ѿ߱Ʒ
ʦ֣ĵӣʱͲܿɹΪ̿࣬ԼӲؾѡȡģѾ꣬ڴﵽƷ磡ߣһԵ˵
ԹƣЩŵӿˣѧϰѧϰȻܿɹҪպãʦ壬Цܵ˵
׿˫ۣǣİߣСүҲᣬ꣬һ
ʦƽʱĬԣûȻȵزưĽϸĹۿ
ʱʯ̨ϣһʦܣҪСˣ
һ˲ǻܵͻȻɿתһɫĽͬ㣬Ѹ硣
ɫ糣Ӽˣ˫ַɿӡͺȵˮĻһ˲ϢͻȻһ£ֻ㾧˷֣ȻһˮΡ
ЩˮۼǰһˮĻһΣ˸߲ʹɷǺÿ
ŷ΢Ц˵ɵѺɣȻľ磬ƾѣԺҪסУҪػȡʤһ߱һˮ֮ˮԣ⶯
ڵӾͷ̣ܽΩվǸӣм
ʯ̨ϣȫˮĻ֮ϣɫһˮĻ̫죬ϣûвãȫϢʧˡ
üͷһ壬ҪٴʩչʱˮĻڵȻ¶һŹֵ΢Цʦ֣Ҳҽһӿ
ˮĻ죬һȦȦϣղ̴ˮĻͬķͬĽ⡣
ɫ䣬ӱˣٶȸ죬ۿҪ㣬һҧɿӴӳʮɷЩɷһ֣˸ƹ⣬޻ȼһ
ϣ׷ɢҲɿڣǿѴ󲿷ֽܽȻһЩδӺڳ˳ֱӴ͸塣
ӱĳԶԶȥϵĿѪɫ԰׵ˤڵϣ˰죬Ҳûٴվ
ϣ͸СףҲδ˼ҪûΣա
¶֮ɫתʯ̨ŷ˵ҲֻһˮĻ
һһźƣѸߣɫļƣιʳ˼ҩ裬Щ˵һˮĻ䣡ûڰ˲ʵƽ⡣ѧδҲ
ڵӣһ¶ϲɫ໥۷׷ס
һڵ㣬ʦֱԣҸղž֪һӮˣ
ǰʦֵˮĻǿ϶佱ѣƾǣҲƽ⣬ֱΡ
ɲǣɣһ겻һˣŵ⼸۲ãûһвġ
Ҳô˵ɵµӵڻδ֣˵Щ˲Ǻɵĺĵӡ


ʮ 3
ڵһŵӣҲһˣǶʮڽɵĵӣټѪȵһĻ
׷׳Ĭĵ
Żˣˮ˵Է磬һͿڵΪȴû뵽Է߱ķˮĻǿǿûڵڰ˲ʵƲˡ
ŵһѾˣĵײɿɬɣûˡߵʦܣЩҲһ¶ɫĬ
˿̵ģһӾͱһôյͽܡզûأ
Ŀ磬ղŵһ˵óˮĻ˲䣬ԷΪûʵʱԣֶˮĻһĴ𾪡
ŷ΢΢һЦ˵ѣڶȳˣ
˵Ŀ⣬һһŵɨ󲿷ŵӾ̵ͷҪѡС
ĵŭҪ˵ʱƺȻһҧǰ˵ţӲţԸ
Ա߼ʦһɫ壬üͷ˵ƣڵĲ㣬ɺ֣
Ƴһ˵ӡи·ӮˣҲܶĶĶԷﰵ˭ԸϳȥˣܻźøУӮˣ֣ҲܳɽֵܣԲסˣõϣҲѭ
⼸գΪѾ˵ͷȫʧܣɽɹΡΪʱȣ֮ûϰţֻҪüΣɹ
˰̾һ˼ͷȥɣҿ·
һᣬԾʯ̨˵ɵƣֽ̣
ɽƣ̳ӶЦˣŷҪϳǰ˵ʦ壬ɽԸϳԷ˵ţüŪһ
ŷ߶ɽΪͷʹ֪ɽ龫֣ײԿڼȻϳʮգһ˵ͷ
ɽ˷ܵʯ̨ѾЦ˻ưƣҵģζɨأ
һɽĹŹ
ʦ֣ɣóҳɽˣɽ˵
ԥһ£Ѿﵽʹ÷ɽĲΣǵӡһѺɫķɽѸٴȫһȦ˸â
ȥɽѸٳɽƽᣬóȵ
ɽЦɵĶɽİ
еûӳ̷ըһĳζʱܣٿƣʱڻңվ˵
ôҲûףôûӳͱأѵղԼ̫
ɽп̾Ϣ˵ʦ̫ˣʲôаԱ󷨣֮ǰͺ˵ҪţɵãôץȻǰըˣ
ڵӺȻЦ֮
ɵŵӣҲǿţЦǳϲ
һ˦ʱһɿɨɢ˶ǰһֱӴӲɷӻغ塣
ŷЦѣԼɷûúãҲʵˮ׼ⳡҿƽְɡ˵꣬͵Ŀɽ
ɫ˵䣬ƽ֮˵
ŷ߹һЦ˵500ǰĴɣãľϳ
߳һӣԼʮ꣬һ׾üĿ㣬ʯ̨һȭ㲻
βδŵӳóһһͬʱһ˸ķ̳ʯ̨ϣŹâҫ䣬߳ˣ
£һ֣ӿǿҵϢŵ̾һ
ŷҲɫ΢䣬ϸĴˡ
վڵǸˣʱȻ˸¶Ũս⡣
˳ֺһɨȫһԼʮҵˣڣߣʮǰĳˣξԲᣡ
һֻʶһǶʦſ
ԣϳ˵Ȼ˵
ԵͷߵĶˣһƮʯ̨Ծ£վڻߡ
ԣʦԣ˵ʮǰѾڵ㣬γǺɱʤ


ʮ 4
ԣʦ˵ΣǺɰһţ䶨ˣ
ʦ֣ͣΪ
ŵӣһǰʧܣһ̣һġеŮӣһ㣬̶Բ֮⡣
Ҳ΢Цγܻʤ
׿ʵĿԣһ
ڵڵӣҲһĿ¶ݣԵ˵׹ʮǰо޶Ȼջˣȴڳ̵ӡ
ŷɫ΢˵ľ⿪ʦӡóʵˮ׼
ľ࣬⿪ֻؿڣһŰɫֽ
ɳǷ׷һϸĿֽһ¶𾪡
ŷѣֽʧɫ
ŷĿһȻˣм½˻˵һ£սڻʤ֮ǰЩ⣬Ҫһ㣬壬Ҫ꣡
˾ɫһ䣬˫ۣ˵ŷѣڿЦô
ŷҡͷ˵ѣֽҲˣԪӤʼ޷ʵ˵ɣһʼļսعˡϢɼʼ棬ȫ
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ŷ΢΢һЦ˵ǿϣԲûбȣǸһ棬αԣӮˣǴ¾ʹ˹ȥһѾѣ԰ɣ
ŵӣһһͷˮоһʯѹĵףƺһ̣
ĵһ˾ͽԹȻģȷݹҷֻȼ
ɫ԰ף˫ˣˣʼ涼ˣǰԿʼһ±ɣǿվȽŸڡˣģ500ǰļΪǵᣬԹԪӤʼ棬Ҳ³
ۿʦԼڵӾɫţǿѹĵ׵ĲȵҪңαڽᵤڳϷֱ棬Ȼʲôԣԣ
ʯ̨ϵԣղҲŷߵĻ˵һʱսſ³һââһ̹ͣһֻ˸âĴ֣ľץȥ
ľɫ΢˵һĴɳԲӭȥЦְдһ˦ʱַв֮⣬ƫ˹켣
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ͬʱըһεĲ˳ܹۿ֮˱ܡ
һСдһգȭͷ˽ıըٶȲѸ¡
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ֿһֽҲһţ
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ۿѾ¶ľ޿ڣΣչͷȻһߴڵд
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ɫ˲䣬޵ķɽ٣һѪ¶Ȼ֮ɫѹľͷĴ֣ҲΪ޷Σɢһա
ľӹһ٣æץסֽɿ£ϲ¶֮ɫԴʱɫʯ̨
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ŵӴʱҲ󶼿ŵ׷¶ŭ֮ɫµӣһأվǸӡ
ղߣ
ŷ߻ͷӣҡͷЦɻʤڸղŵ飬Ϸ򡭡
ŷͷ˵ôϻˣɣˣվӣѷ߳Ųһ̤ʱ淢һϸѺۣ̳֣ʯ̨ߡ


ʮһ ʮĲ㣿
ͬʱһΣʯ̨֮ϣĿۺˣ˵Щŵӣһϰɣһӣ
ɵӣһ̻Ȼ׷¶ŭɫɵĳҲüͷ
ڵĵӣûһ˵о¶֮ɫȻڣݷͬСɡ
ŷ߸ɿһѣڴӣǾһ˶Ӯɣ֮У˿ԼʮϢܣӮˣ
ſĿһһԾʯ̨ÿСӣ㣡
Цһ˵㣿ڵ㣬ʵڵڰ˲㣬Ϊ˵ţĿкһĴһ˦ʱһͨڵľߣһԾӭ㳤˲仯һͨ
ͷ­˶󣬱Ŀһ𾪵ſ͵һʱһӴȻ֡
Źֻ֣ſһˡ
ſûκ֮ûóӾͬߵķݰ㣬һӱ˹ȥ
ЦһһΣһץסſӣȻȥʮ꣬Ұɣ˵ţһ˦ſԼٶȷɿȥ
ʣµǸµӣԾǰסſ񣬵ֹסԷһ˦֮ڵϻԶͣ
ſѪɫ˫ۣӲϵĲĲϣһڵֺۣ·һǯӰ㣬Ŀľ
סǸµӣʱһȻĬ
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ֿ˿ܵŵӣ˰̾һЩӣûһʤģڽᵤڳĴӣҲڵʮˣǿһսˣξǳװˣ
ˣҺɣˣŷ϶˵ЩЩ֪ͨʦ棬ЩɣԷһ˵Ϊ棬壬Ǳסˣ˿Ц
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еĺɵӣһ˵˵Ŀ⣬һʶĵͷȥ˭ҲԸϳ
ЦΪƲЩˣʱȻһԷһڵĵӣȻηԼĿ⣡
ɫƽ
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Ļ˵Ŀ⣬׷׿ȥǷָʱһùŹ
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Էû˵ЦˣȻ˸ұȣ˴νڣʤ˵ţͷŷߡ
ŷ֮ɫ﷢һХʱһƴӺɽѸ˵ء
ֶһǧ򼣡
ŷ߶˵һ̤ȥţڵĵһ򼣬һԾͷĿ˺ڵһۡ
ǧһ㼲۶ȥԶԶģŷߵͳλѣ¸ղ˵ʵԪӤʼ棬ȫڼȻʤʼӽ٣Ȼ뿪ɣ
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ɵλŵӣŷǰĻ׷ĵײ¶ɫֿ첽صҩԺ
ֶһˣ뿪ķİ̾ƻûаҩĿߣȻ޻ȡ
̾˿δԺӣתԼȥǰķȥûãûлķᡣ
ⷿᣬÿŵӣ֮ֻҪ֣㲻ᱻ͸ˣЩȥ˷ᣬȻ֡
ڷڣϥڴϣóʯ飬һҧٴγڡ
ξռ䣬ָһ֣ʱ˾ͽϵƺƵ𣺡֮ǰıԣôϳڵΪȥ֮ʲôڵĴӣһƾͿ
ֿЦ˵ǰֻڵˣܹùԷ
˾ͽһ˵ʲô㣬ϴβǺ˵ˣѾ鶯ڼԲˣ൱˵ʮĲ㣬ΪϷЩԪӤ˰˵ģ㻹㣬ôܿ͸еӵΪ
һĵ׶ʱһ£˵ĴﵽʮĲ㣿
˾ͽû˵ǣ˼ѵƭ㲻ɣΪΪڿռԭʵʲֻһʱ䣬ȻȻĵ¶
Ҫ˵ʱ˾ͽϺȻٵ˵ʦˣȥ
ֻоǰһٴγʱȻ˷ڣһ֣ű㱻ƿĿ˸֣˼ۺ󣬳ߣ


ʮ-ʮһ
˵ţת뿪
һԥ뵽˾ͽ˵ԼѾʮĲ㣬ɵĵȥҪҪʲô
ֻδȥ𴦣ҩԺȥûãԺӣ߽
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Ŀ¶һ˿â˵ˣҪΪʦ֣
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һ̱ƾ޷ѣ¶һ˿Ȼ⡭ʲô
ֲδ˵ߣĿ˸زһ£ʱʶһſڣֲˮһȫԷС
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һﲻʶһɨڵĲˮʱѾȫܽ⣬һ˿˿ɫװ壬˳ŶԷѪܣͷȥ
ȻҲоҪ˵ѾˣװѾԲ˲䣬ıиƽ
̷ֲֶԾԷЩ͡
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Դˣ˾ͽϵ˵ԪˮԪأѾԲҪľԪءΪ£ֹһεĴߴ뿪ɣȥѰľԵĲϣľԲá
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ֵͷ˵¶ˮ˵Ҫʱˡ


ʮ 
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һ𣬶˵Ѹٳ˳ʯֱ塣
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һ󣬰˿һ鱬ѿϵڳѪһᣬڵϡ


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ᵤڸľ٣¶ԥ֮ɫʱߵϸˣŭ˵ǰˡѴ
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ϸŭҪſڣľæס˵ϾҺǧɽţȨǰֻԼ
Цһٴδ϶ԷĻȻ˵裿Уʮɡ
ŵӷ׷׶Ǹŭԣ¶⣬һĬһЩӣ˸￪ʼΪԼ㡣
Ŀһɨڻϣ˵㣬ɽ£ѽŷʦֶˡ
սȭͷϸľ٣˾˵ε̾˿óɽһԡ
һץɽƮУʱһӽɢ۳Σһɫ


ʮ-ʮ
һɶ
Цʳָڽһȵգ
һήңĵĻصɽڣɽ޹⡣
ľϸ˶һۣ̾˿ϸ˵ˣеҵ뿪ɡ˵꣬Ŀһܣٴ̾ϢһƮϿա
˫ۣȻ˵ڴ˴ͽߣڴ˵ء
ʮڳϣһɫŹ֣վϸ⣬˸ûиϡ
ľһɫ΢䣬Ҫ˵Щʲôȴ˵̾һҡͷգϸվһ
˸־Ըţǿϸǿѹĵ׷ŭ
һߣһԥһ˻顢⣬ȫûŲֻˣվᵤʦ
ʮŵУʮ˷֮⣬󲿷ֶԭء׿ԥãҿ۾Ųַ̧£ûи档
ŮԥҲûϡŮ׿ûȥĬ̤ĽŲ
ƿЦһ˵磬Ҳȥˣؼҵȥİɣչˡ
ŷƣҪ˵Ȼһץֱۣһ鿴ʵƣΪأ
ƿɬһЦҡͷ˵磬ˣһѾ
ֿһۣѯʣԥһ£Լ̫࣬ȥڣȻкܶδ֪Σգһ⡣
ľϸˣֵһᣬۿϵĺɵһͷûҪ˼̾˿ϸ˵ˣߣ
˵꣬Զȥʣµʮˣһݿɬȥ
ˣᵤʦĴͷ£ɥ֮ȮĬĬĻ磬ԶԶ뿪˺ɡ
ɵĵӣֳݣһݸľٵ뿪һѡ£һݣ˳ɣɽ
׿ѡ£Ϊڵĵӡ
ûͬ·ĬĬɽϣһ˿ĺɫŨɢ
Ȼ֪Ϸʲô飬ȻĹйأȻѡ˵Ƶľˣʺưɡ
ֵݣںɱ͵΢˿ѡɽҲûֹֻԿһۣ㲻ᡣ
ɽֲΪͣһתƮ𣬻һ磬ʧʡ
ڰգڸĸ˼ӿͷܿ죬ԶԶĿ˼磬ɽʣûʲô̫ı仯ΩԼҴԺԭС߷һԺǰһĸ֡ȻԶԶĿȮԼ
峿ĴڣƮ죬Ҹ
վڴڣңԼҴԺĴ˷ʱҴҶʱգ֮ȻĿĸĿ̴ļ䡣
һֽ֮Уżȥ
δţֱ洫Ϥ
Сӣľôɵģ㿴⣬ǡҼСһ붼Ȳϣ
ʦǿˣôܺȰܸһ룬Ҿˡ
һʶһɨ¶΢Ц˵ӡǵڴʱ飬Ҫľ
ƿţԺϵıӰ˵ˡ
Ӱһеľߵڵϣعǰʮҵ꣬ϡɼԼ۵ò
ʹ۾ˮ֪¡
ǰһѱסףȥϵˮŸ϶Ũƣ˺󼸲ڵϣТû
ۼ޶ˣķ֣ҿ¶΢Ц
ˣϵˣҲ׳ʵˣܺãҵĶӣΪ
ʱһԲϵĸˣӷ֣߳ˮ
ǰڸǰе¶˼֮飬ˡ
㡭ôôģ궼һˣﵽ׻ûе꣬Һÿ춼㡭˵˵ţﱧ
֮ˣȻҪԴΪأ㿴ӳʲôͳЦСȥɣ⼸첻ˣˣȥ㡣Լϱһۣתѧͽ˵
СüЦӦŵĽĿ֣뿪
һ죬ĸ׳һӺòˣǰϲԵģһı仯
⼸Ѿʳ˼̻𣬵ȴĸֵ֮ķ˸о㡣
̸Уָĸһǰϳ־޴ɽ飬ԥһ£ѳƺɰˣԼԺܾԴĸδʣֻǶע塣
仯ܴǾ߷ãΪİûԼǷݼҲӹĵҲ
Ѿôľˣ˼ѧͽԼմȥ
СѧͽΪһѧֵı¡
ЦҸղſСľͦõİ˵ô
һ˵ԶˣЩûһȵģ㵱Ű꣬ҾͽľʱľͱǺã
ȰԼӣӿڵûۼСͱǴ˵ҲСˣ⼸в˼ýŹ˵ף˵ҲܳɼңȻˣȱˣȥкõģ۾˵һ
һЦҲŶɱ¡
СӣôģӶˡ̲֡
ӣ˵ɼǴ£ȹҸһ͵ˣ۲żô
ԼϱҪ˵ʲôǸɿһ˵˵һôϹģۼˣ㶮ôҸϱǷô˼ǸҸ˵Ķϱ㶮ô
һֹͣ˺ɶ˶겻ؼңҪи˶ϱû׼ʮ궼һεġ
ֿЦҪ˵һۣ˵УģСӹ۹ˣϴŮޣſ㵽ʲôĻ
ֿˣæЦģһϱ
극ֵ˵Ļʶһֱҹ˯¡


ʮһ 
ԼСݴϣڵΪ˯⣬ӣŴҹĻһóһ«һڡ
ҪͻڴﵽҪ̫޴󣬱Ҫ׼¶ˮˡ
ûСӣ׼ʲôʱȥѰľԲӣ˾ͽʵ
ڸѰطչأȡﵽڣʱҲ١ֳ˵
һҹ޻ļ죬һֱ鸸ĸߣڼҾס˰º븸ĸڵﲻͱУӰ磬ʧߡ
һߣΪ֪꣬Լ´λʱǼ꣬һ
չ֮ѡеķ۶Ѩϸһ룬˴˵أ˲ͬҪˮԴ򼴱ٺõĸ춴أҲѡ񣬶ҪǴ˵ؾ̫Σա
ܴΧѰһһͺͺɽҵһѨһ۵ˮкܶҰ޷㣬ؾҰˣϸڶѨһȷûں˵һЩʯѶѨ
һ˵سױܷסֿʼڶαչ
赴ʱţɽʱմҴҶһꡢꡢꡢꡢסУȥ
ֱչڵĶѨ⣬ԭҶѻʯ飬ʱԮֲסһУǽҲѷֶߡ
£ΪɽҰ޵ľۼ֮أЩޣҲǻڴˣŶѨɡ
һգл磬ֻһŮˣŽ˵أһѲ꣬£Ŀ磬ͣڰУһ˿˿ƮݵϢɢˣһɫСֺâη
ʦ֣ҪһֻԶһЩīŶ¸¾ɽıˣī飬ɻʤߣվһŮӣŮս㶯
ֿŮ죬ǰ׿Ůʱ䣬ԭɬŮѾͤͤĿμɱ֮ˡ
һ㱣֮Żæͷ˵ʦãͰɣȡԽɽΰץīޣҲҪչǱһ󡣡
ŮԱ߻վһ꣬ԼĪˡ꣬ŮӣСɷףʦ֣ʦ㣬Ƿɵ̫ˣ۾Ȼ˵طȥɡ
ŮչһЦ˵Сʦܣ㲻ǷҪô˵Ϊ㻹ţŶٶȰܲˡ
˻ͷ˶һۣСʦܣȻʾѣ඼ܲˣɡ
Ȼ¶Է̹Թ˵ʦ֣֪ˡ
ŮӵͷЦСʦܣһͺˣץīޱɡ
æͷʦ㣬ڵ̶ʹڵĲﵽ˵߲㣬ץīΪ飬һԾΪɵĸ֣ԺɽҪ۸ңɵðҰ
ŮҡͷЦ˵ţʦ֣ϾҪﵽʦֵΪҪͻƽʮˡüʦ㣬˵Ҳﵽ˵ʮ㡣ǶڵԭӣȻӵнɽʸͬɣԱҪμʤϣοʤ
һԺһСӣΪɽ˿ôʼ治Ϊ˺ɺɽҪ˹ʼ棬ôô졣ʲûдҲҪ귽ͻһ㡣
ŮȻһЦʵʦ֣㿴˵أҼǵǰˣΪ̶ʱ䣬Ȼôɽ޾ۼɣ


ڶ ѪӰ


ʮ 
˵ͷ˵ΪŹ֣ǰͻȻŷЩ˲ޣ֮󣬸ʱ΢ʴ޳ǻߡ
˫ð⣬Ȼ˵ʦ֣ﲻʲôɣ
Ц˵ҲһЩϾô˵бǰ̽ѰյóصѨɢĽۣѰ֮£ʲô
ʧ̾˿ϧҪʲôǾͺˡ
ȻʧЦ˵ˣʱ䲻磬ץһֻԸһЩīޣǱȥˡ˵꣬ʶһɨӵϵڶҰҵֻ߰īޣһһ۲졣
ʱȻɺҰ޷·ܵ˾һ㣬һɧ̷ͺ
ģͺԽԽ࣬еҰȫ˻Ǻеķȫһ£һ̦޺±ڡ
סҪкͬԶ˵أȻһӴʶ֣˲ɨһȦɫ䣬ڵʮΪȻʶ··˿͸һ㣬ûκεķ֮
ԵŮҲɫɷף½һΣʧȥ˹ڵϣһ뱧Ӱˤ¡
˽½Ҳ˸ЩƲסóȫѸٳץڵϣôһȫܡ
غ̱ȭ˵ڵ֪ǰڴǱޣð֮ˡ
ŮҲӳղǵʶ񲻶ʱæ˵ڵɡ
ʱŵѪɫվŮץ˵
ϵҰޣҲ׷ʶһɨ£һ¶־֮ɫſڵһ
ڡһɣ֣ܳϲ
˰Խп࣬ǵһˣɼƲ룬ʦСʦҲڴˣԼǶˣպʦﶨ׷ֻԷ˼ھڸټԼ˲δʲô̫ǶԷ飬ϣԱƽ
ɶԷ˵һ仰ĬùģݺݵһҧҪǶԷɱ֣˲ñˣȱסԼ˵
ŮӶͷںＫţۿһݲȵʦֶŵѪɫǻֲ̿ѣԥ˰죬ǰҵȲδʲô֮£
û˵꣬ǲɣȻһʵղ˵죿
Ůһ졣
Ĭúĵһ̾˵ȥɣ˵꣬кȻ󣬷·һֻεĴֲŪ㣬һȣʱֹסӣȳԶ
ɫұ䣬ľղһ˲䣬ȫ·𱻽һ㣬޷ԷɱģԼڶ촦
־֮˵ץʦʦãڽɢһ̣ѸٷɱȥĶԷԣʹ̵ʧʡ
뿪󣬵Ǵ̦޺±ڣȻ죬һʯ׷䣬¶һڵĶѨ
һͷĳӣ߳ݰ𪣬˫۾߳Ѩ˲䣬ſڵϵҰޣ̰¶֮⡣
ԼĪʮң䣬ɨЩҰһۣҲ˵ңڵķΪп
Ǳչ֣
ԲҪﵽʵ̫ѣѾΣȻǲУ˾ͽ˵ķĿԿɹĿ
ˣҪҵķ˾ͽϵһЦ˵֮ǰȰ㣬˵ѣֻҪҵķ֤ɹ
Ŀкһ˵ڵĸ֣ƾڵΪʹ򲻹ܻ׽ˡ
˾ͽϹһЦ˵ģأΪɹƴһΣֻҪȡһᣬҾסԷҸոɹ֣Ҳ˷̫ԪӤ
ֳ̾˿Ц˾ͽȴĶ󷨣֮ˣɣٿɡ
㰡Ȱٴˣǿʳ쾭壬̬ʱܴﵽӤڣߣʹҵķҲУŪƷľԲϣһΣʱľҲˡֻиԪӤڵĸְ㣬붼롣˾ͽϲ˵
ֳĬƬ̣˵֪ɹģ
򵥣һɵģֻҪиԪӤڸ֣ñΪϷڣҲһ԰㡣ǹңԪӤڵĵλ൱ڣȻ̫࣬Ҳ㹻ɵһˡ˾ͽϺһ˵


ʮ ˮ
ڵڶѾﵽʮԲ֮꣬ȫڳϧһֱûгɹ
ΪγԭξΪĲЭı䣬ڵѾڵ㣬ǵڰ˲㡣
漴Ŀһ¶˾ģһĴʱɳһݻľ޴ɽɽ԰תһȦͣǰ
̤ڷɽϣӶʱһһ磬ҿնݣ˲ʧȥӰ
ſҰޣʱ׷¶и飬һæһɢ
ƹ壬ֽ̤ɽӭ磬ٷУϵɽ֡ׯһļС·ɿԹ
תۼϼɽĿ֮У΢٣һۣͷҲصļԹ
֮أԹǣشƫƧԴׯΪֵĿ꣬Ǿ˵ԹĳУˮǡ
ˮǣֻڽ˵ӴޱȣפԹʮִСͶˮǼΪζȥ￴
ṳ֮̂ǰ룬ܹӱȥ٣˳ѵﶼӹȥ
صŶǰ뷨ǴЦٶȲɿϷȥ
ʮЩԺˣüͷվһٵϣߴ˾ͽϳЦ
ҿ˺ü죬Ϊ֪·أԭ㲻֪
һ˵Ҫ·Ͽ־ҽȥתתģһҵˮǡ
˾ͽЦһ·ϴּ࣬˵һЩľֲҲΪð
˵ȻտڣңٵԶֻһųӣĳĿС
ˮھֵĴͷĲ൫ȴУһֿɽƱ¯࣬ˮǣҲټĸ֣ھֵĶҶмѣײڻ͡
Σ͵ĺʵ̫֣Ҿʵ̫Զ
Ϊ˺ˬϲýύ·ѣ֮ڣϸֺӶҪֱ档ʱϣ۾ĵΪ⣬Ѿ꣬һ·˵һЩ۵ëоգΣһʮ˵ѣԭ´ƣһȴò֣ΪԺ
΢˫ۣɿ¾ͿҪصˮˣζҽҲԲɡ
ͷΰȫ˵ȥ󶫼ܸǳ鼸ɣԱƥϣһ׳ˣʱЦʵ
ͷôأôҲøǳһɰɡɭԱߵһӣʱҲչЦ
۾һɣ˵ʲôʱǣЩ²ʲôģžǡ
Ҳ£ƥЦϣдͷ仰ɭͷˡ
ӹһЦҪ˵Ȼɫһ䣬ͷ㿴ǲվˣ
һֻԶԶôһӰվڹٵм䡣ɫһ˵ɭȥô£ȱ̲ģһЩ⣬ѵʱ򡣡
ɭһ̣Ӧһ˫һУ˻һ첽ǰȥûãۿԷԶɭû٣ݺݵһУٶȸĳ۳
üͷɭʲôãйɸ꾢ףҪһ
ӺٺһЦ˵ɭҲŶԷСȷտһֺñ¡
վڹٵ֮ˣ·֣Էӳһټ죬˲ǰ
ɭѾԿԷòϸ֮·ᣬȴɫ򶨣Լٳûаţ̾һקʱﳤ˻һǰԱһԾӲ滮
߳ɭһȭˮھɭѣʲôҪæ֮£
ɨ˶Էһۣ΢Цȭѯˮǵķд֮¡
ɭһּۣڶԷ˫Լ̫Ѩλһ£Ц˵ˮҲԶˣֵ֪ȥˮΪ°
ɭּֿۣʱȻٽߺһɭô£
ɭһתͷͷǸ书Сӣѯȥˮǵķ򡣡
һק첽ٽĿоһ֣ѣ֪մ
һȭ˵λͷС֣һγţ·֪δˮǷ򣬻ͷ֪һ


ʮ Ѫ֮
ϸĿּۣȻʵǸϿɣ
ɫ糣ҡͷ²δϿЩգȥˮı
Ի⻰ʵĴ⣬ٽ󿼣СпƼˮǣЩ󶼻ᱳдֵ򣬿ǰ˵书ǶԷǿǾҪˡ
Ҳû·ϣЦˣҪˮǣԵ֣ѣһ߰ɡ
һм֮ɫȭлͷ
ɨһۣһЦСӣô
ֿЦҡͷ
һָЦлʲô⣬ѵʱСӣȥɣ·̣Ǿ͵ˮˡ
һȭ˵һֻԼʮͬʶһɨھǿտգҲû⣬ϥ¡
ɭקԱߣʵѣôûأ
ҡͷ̾˵˽ٷˣһѾ
ɭһְ죬οסͺãͷȰ
ţȻɫһ̧ͷ˿ԶĴ֣ʶһɨʱУųӡ
һֱ߹֣ҲûǶжֳע⡣
һ·꣬ۿ̫ɽҹĻ٣ǰ˵СǣͽˮǷΧˣʱ򶫼һӦҲŵˣǾЪϢһޣһ·ȻصˮǣӴȥͺ¥ҼСǺú档
ںӷ׷״Цժףƥ˩һְΧһȦЩһʼ˯˯ܻļܻ𣬺ȾƵĺȾƣò֡
ˣڸѲߡ
һ㱻ɭһԵĻѴһĽɭоĶθڣʱԼڵһЩȤ¡
ĽζԽˣɭԽǽüɫ裬һЪϢæ
Ѵˣ˴ͷ⣬һɫ׾ͷ񾼾͸ǻ֮ɫ
ֵЦҺ˵λС磬ȥˮıġ˵ֶ꣬˵СֵܣλھֵҲҲǱңǺúġǿѧʶԨʶ㰡
ºһЦ˵ͱˣǵС£㲻ʲô
۾һ˵˭˵ģıҪСɶҲˣСֵܣǻɣ֪֪֮ǿ˲á
ϸһۣǴЦȭͥ˫۴ۣȻǼӱ֮ˣƹ֪ϣԹȻ١
ΪĿһۣЦСֵҲ֮ͬˣҿСֵһϢȴ֮ƣǰ;
ЦЦ˵֮оҿʱ䳤ˣȻҲͻ˼䡣
һЦһԵĺӺȻ˵ҲɣҲϴСˣ㿴ûԵ˰
Цһ·㶼˶ٴˣÿһΣҪķѾСʡʡɡ
ҲĻ۰Ͱ͵
һЦͷˣվ͸һ㣬ɭ㲻ҲҶôһǶˡ
˵գ΢˫ۣٴʱоһɫ糣ȴһʶһɨֻؿͻȻӿһ˿תΪŹ֣˫ۡ
źӣдڼʲôַɿ֮һ˿üͷ˵壬ƸסͥѪ֣֮һ٣ǶȹڱԵǣ
һ㶣漴Цһ٣û£ڵģڵϴѪ֮Ҳ⡣
Ŀһתɭ֮ɫ΢䣬˵ˣôҲѪ֣֮˵ֿ꣬һۣɫ˵ԾҴ֮δҲѪ֮֡
˵꣬ɫ࣬վӣϸһɫԽԽ˵ҹˣѪ֮ɫԲɺϣ
۾һУ¿˿˼ǴҶһѪ֮٣
ͷɨ֣Ȼһʹ۾ϸһʱɫ˲䣬ӿֹĺɫſһѪ¶֮ɫָʧ㡭


ʮ 
һǴû˱飬Ŀ˴ƣλ΢ŲСֵôˣǷܵǣҲѪ֣֮
ɫ糣ȻĿһۣû˵ߴ˾ͽϲ
СЩ˼֮ľһЩֶΣڷ˵ɶҵ֮ˣЩŪˣϷղŰǰɱŵļһ飬ٺ٣ܲˡ
ôһͺ䤱ֵĿ⣬Ƹղǰƽʱ͸Ũصľη֮ɫĻæ˵Сֵ޹أСֵպǰ;޷ƣĳ֮ѧղ͸͸˵꣬Ҿɬ
ղһĻѾ׵סˣǼֱһ޵ʬɽѪ˶ȻǷˣݵأܣСѧϰҴ֮ʶ㣬֪˴ڣܶһǣȥɱ֮
üͷҪ˵ȻԶһҽУһ˶ͷڰлһΣԶغ£ͣ˻Ѵ
ɫ䣬ϳǸѲߵھֵĻ͵վӡ
ɭһץͷսȭͷ˺緢Ϊ㱨𣡡
ʱеھֻ׷׳ɱڵܡ
վߣĿ⾼ȵ·úˣδ̫ˡ
һҲҵЦƮһɳɳ죬ʮˣܵصһĴϵɳһۿھˡ
ɽѶ뿪Ļ˵֮һһߣĴӺ߳
ˮͺȵҵ˭ԭͺС
һЦɭģǰ˵ٻھͺһ֧˲Σⶫ㽻ɱƽҪΪ֮˲ڴˡ
üͷ˿ˣİͺӥ֪˲Σ֮ͬ˶мϸ뵽ȻĿһɨ֣Ц
Ժʹ˸ɫԼ߳սȭͷ˵Ϸûʲô˲ΣУе书ܴ߲ɡ
ᣬȻߵ
üͷһ壬ȻǰסӣȵʲôСֵܲǼϸ
һҪ˵
ʱͺӥйһЦģǴ򲻹㣬գǴԳ֣ˡ˵꣬˺󼸲ӭ١˵ţڵأ̬Ϊ
ٿܺˣһȣڵأһӭ١
һͻȻ˷˲Σ䣬һȭͷСĻȻӰ֣ǿҵĸ£˲һھֻǻҽжͬһΪһѺ̿
һ˲䣬ھȫסˣеûץס۵һڵϡ
ɭ˫¶֮ɫʧ⡭ʲô
ֹסĴǶѺ̿ɢܻһë¶t֮ݡ
Ҳһݣʶ˺󼸲ŵǶѺ̿˵
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ݿɬҪ˵ȻϢ֣Ʈڰһ
ĿһȤ𣬴Ͽʩ֮˾Բڵ㣬°ͣʶһɨʱڲԶһŴϣʩ֮ˡ
ףһʩ֮ԼĪʮ˾꣬Ϊڵڶ۷壬ۿʱͻƽ㡣ɫϸİ̺ۣէһΪȴԽԽ졣
̾˿˵ɣǶ֪ˣҲǣԷˣǷôֵ
ԥһ£δӻСóһƴСĽУ˵ϡ
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ǰһĻ˶סˣֲδ˺˲ϵĻֽ˼ۺ̾˿ȻѣҲһô
һɳɳ𣬴ӲԶĴڣǸ꣬߳ӵһεһ·վΧĺ˷׷ױƿ֮⣬ƮڰյĻ򣬴ʱҲɿĻصߣת
Щһ꣬׷׹μ󵱼ҡ
꿴ԿѪУǶ֣˵ʶˣʮʱòûа仯㵽˭
꣬Ҳ˵ӴóһŻֽ
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кһ֮ĵһսԷΪԼһȴΪ죬սʱ䲻Ѿ·磬ʱΣգʱһǷɽɫڣȻɵķӦ޷ֿ
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ɽΪŹ֣ղС޸ûӳáɽ˵ıʵǸʡ˾ͽϽ͵


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⽣ʣ͸һɱ֮ԽϸɱԽأַ·侳гһԺĽ֮⣬һƬհס


ڰʮһ һ
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ټҳڷƽڶ޵ַ֮ǷŻһ뿪˿ջǻڳڡ
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˵꣬һ˦˲գܵķ׷ȥ
Ŀ뿪󣬱ֻӰʧӰ١
չԼļޣӳȫٶȣɶݶߣתۼټҳΧۿҪʱȻӳǽܳӰԶԶĸȵټҳϽУֹ
ֶ˵Σʱ̣Ҳ˲ñ¶Һ壬һóһ«ݺݵĺһڣʱӣһ٣ԳԽ֮ǰһٶȣһ
ǰļټҵӣ׷ɫһ䣬ҪִһӣɢܣǵǰĵӣץԱһӡ
㣬ֳټҳǣΪ֮ǰľٶгһٶ˵ټҵӣָ̤ķ׷
ĵ׿ɬڶЩͷ֪ջڵ׷ʲô飬ղŵΣȻǶԷڿջڵԼȥܣ´ʱ׶༪ˡ
ŻѱҲ˲࣬ϣรɡ
ټҳǣһ·ϼۣڶټҵӣ׷ᣬʱټҳǷȻһնӴϢתۼͳԽټҵ׷ѰĶ飬һ
һΪʵľ޴ɽûŨҵɱ⣬ն¡һ˲䣬ɫ䣬ɫȻգ˳ŷɽһ¡
ͷƤ飬˾ͽ˻Ҳ٣ԪӤķ֣սӴ˲ƣƴˡ
ɫĽᾧ˲ؿڣɢȫʱ޽ն£˾޴Ѻۣɫ֮£Բ֮γһƬ׹粨
ֵ壬ھ޽˲䣬ʧˣٴγʱѾ300⣬һֶ˵ɿǰȥ
˾ͽЩС˵ᣬȻڵΪǵڣӻܽ巢һЩڣڵʵôæҲɵһڡ
üͷһ壬̾չЦᵤ£ܴºĶ㿪ǵһû뵽ǣȻһ˲Ƶıⱦˣ
ͷҲأٷɶݣʱ̫˵ó«һڣٶȶʱ켸֡
Ŀкһ˵ҿ˲ƼΡ˵꣬һָʱһ޽֡


ڰʮ 
ûľ޽һӣе֮ƶ䣬Ȼն¡
˾ͽûַԸ˼䣬һ˲ƣǧ֮⡣
üͷһ壬һһָɽɽѸٵͷ£׷
һǰһ󣬹նȥټҵϰٵӣ׷һʵڸǰ˵ٶȣͣ½Ų
Խ׷ĵԽ𾪣ڵΪٶȻ죬ǰǸСӣÿζԼҪ׷ʱ˲Ƴȥ
ԷԽеɱԽأ˲ƣԪӤڸֶеķԷδﵽɾȻ˲ơԷһһ
뵽촽ɱ˶ᱦͷˡ
뼴ī˵ĴӳѣǰӵԷɽæ׷ɱˣһŻǳʦܵµӡ
Żɱʦʦһ̣ī˱̲Ż֪ڳжҩ⣬һּī˿µӵͨʩī˶ʱѵյһָƣŭ֮һ㣬ԷĿǰټҳǣɳҳɽŻˡ
ڵؾԶǱɽԷΪ֮¡
һ飬ŻȻټҳڣͬеȻͬǱ֮ǰ֮¡
ԭֻǾ֮΢æڣѾ˾ģҲҪɱ֣˲Ƶı
뵽ٶȸ죬׷ȥ
ֺһҺ壬ɫһſ³һ̹⣬̹һܶʱѪϢ
̹һѸȥֽŲͣǰɶݡ
ں濴̹Ͳ⣬Цһʳָһ㣬ʱһ֣̹⡣
̹ײ˲䣬һը
ĿۣջĿ⣬ʱǰ⣬Ȼ̹һٴ̳һϣİ̻ɷɻң¶һڼס
̹һ֮±ڼ̵ͷһʧӰ١
ְ̾ϧһӣɫСָ䣬ͷҲٴζߡ
ͷˮڳղŵһĻ̫ΣգڵΪǱɽУȻҲҪˣҿǷɽĺâԲǷƷԼпܱк
̫үүڼףң׷ɱֵͷᶨˣĿ¶⣬˿˲ƵıķɽСһϵЩˡ
һĮ֮ϣһȸһ«Һ壬ɬҺѾˣôȥܿͻþҪ첹䡣
СӣϷҪˣ˲ƵĴ̫࣬ԪӤء˾ͽϵ
ֻͷңԶ¶һɱ׷ˡ˵ţһĴһɫСȻ֡
С԰һЩۡ죬׳С˾֮Ҫ͵ϮԽѣǶԷϵڼףӵǿСķâҲ޷̽֡
ѷɽʶһɨȻһƬ಻ɭ֣ɭϿһϺڵϸò
һֶ˵תȥתۼɭ⣬۶գһ£Ѹٽ䣬ɭ֡
֪ԼҺͿ꣬˾ͽ˲ҲȻǼϷУᱻԷ׷ϡ
УڴڲУȻ֪ɭΪϷǹղʶһɨʶͬһ㣬Χֻмʮɡ
ֽɭڲãһƿնɭϿǻһȦڵϣ¶ȫʱƣϵշ׷̫вĵҩ͵ͷ׷ˡ
Էеķȴһֱģ޲׷ɱ֣䱦⻹һ㣬տʼ׷ʱû뵽ôѣǶԷʩչ˲ƵķʱȻľԷûʱȻأڵʵĥҲܰѶԷĥ
һ·׷żȶԷĺ󣬴һն֡
뷨׷ĵڶ죬׵ӵˣԷٶȲûмԽԽ죬˼⣬Ĺ۲죬ˡ
Էʱóһ«ÿκ«Һ壬ٶȶ죬һ·ϣһĻѾΡ
ɱֵͷˡ
վɭ⣬Ŀг֮⣬ﰵĴΪأ걻ƣ̫үүҲ˵˵زҪ׽룬ڵ׷ǲ׷
һһҧԷķ¶˾ģ˵˽ȥ
ɭڣ죬ľ١ϲ֦Ҷ඾򼡢һִǧ洦ɼ滨ݱؽǣʱ໥˺֮⻹дǸõҶԼʬɢĶζζվ쳤ۣ˿ɱε
걻ƣǿĿԪӤڵӣνΣвͻᶪ
ʶɢӷɿڴڴ󣬺Ȼ˾ͽϼȵͣͣ
˲ֹס
﾿ʲôطôٴڣģСֲǱ˾ͽϴ˿˵
٣һ
ǰһߡףԣⲻ٣֣֡Ӧٵĳʼ֦ûдô޴󣬵ƿ٣ǽᵤߵجΣѪҺУÿһߣͻ˵нռ״̬٣ӤڸֶֿסڷĲҲͬУǧܶ÷˾ͽء
һĿԶԶķһ֧ھϣ¶֮ɫ
ȥͨһɫϸԼ֮⣬ûʲô̫
ֳδ˾ͽϵĻ뿪ǻǰðСĵĴָʳָסק߶ȼУקԼʱɿ֣˳ʮɣѸٻָ⣬һѪϡ
ѪҺкһ˦̧߰𣬽Ŵ٣һ䶯˼£ƽϢ˵ϡ
ֶͷˮ֣һ̣Ѹ뿪
뿪󲻾ã׷˴˴Ϊ׷֣һֱ÷ߣϵļòûע⡣
ʶȻڴڱڰ֮ڣĸоѾԽԽˣǹЦһǰ׷ȥԽƽʱͻ


ڰʮ 
һСһ߹ˮһ߽Ĺ۲ܣȻɫһ겻ɢ
ųɽ«Ծȥ
һᣬСҶ˿׷ʱ쳣ǱϽڼѾʧȥ˹󣬸дƬ䣬ʣڼ¡
ͷɢɫ࣬˫ŭ죬ֵĺѾԽһУСΪ˽ӵûôѿǱ
һУǰ͡
ǰǹЩıԵôҲû뵽Ǽ۵ȻôԼڼմҺ壬Ȼʼڻ
ҲͰˣ÷ɽ·ɱһ㣬նһһԽԽࡣ
ɽ򣬶޷
ֵǰѹķɽʱ͵ϮұۣǱǰѷɽˡ
óټ̫үıһԪԪֻһιԴӵõδʹõΣǰ֪ڲʹãӡ
ǼԪӴ£˴룬ȫص£ʱѸٳ˳ȥ
Ȼһͷ亹֣Ѿ֮ǡ
ָͲսÿζ͵Ϯǰѹķɽ˷ʤƲѣƴźķȫͷŷɽ
ںӱ¿˿ԥˮһڣ׷ڸ
ˮˬڣʱоһһЩҪȣͻȻ͵һһɫķɽϢǰˢһӭ
۶գһѸٺˣͬʱǻɽѸӭɫСһ𣬷ĽײɫСԲУϵĻ۸أһ֮£ƾʧ
ģץ㣬һ㳢̣Ȼٳǻڴ˷ģŸղŶɫСɨƮͷɫ˻
ֱڴڣɫһ죬һѪһɫС֣ʹĿŽĻۣк˸һﲻɿ뿪
ҹˣһһ׷Ȼ뵽ֵҹܼ䣬Ȼͣ
СӣôŨܵȥ˾ͽϷɿ˵ÿ춼ʮֵľƾԼļʶֶһһڵΣ
ֶ˵תԾȥûãĵص㡣
ǰһĻ۾ͫһ
¹£ǰĲɢѹܣһƬյأһȫõû˿ʬڵ档
ͷһɫԲ飬Ʈڰգһ˿˿˷۶γһС
̵û뵽ھȻļħ̵󷨡˾ͽһȵ˵
ʲô̵ʵ
ļħеĽᵤʽ̵ֽըͳĽ𵤲ֻͬһ̵ûƣҼǵиļһ̬ӣӵ̵ȻǸᵤڣ弶Ӥڸ֣ҲԸӣҪ̵֪Ϊ֮⣬Ա̵һԱٺ٣ɷͬСɡ˾ͽϽ͵
ĿȻʵǰӵм̵ܲô
һͲˣԲǻˣӦһ߳ǻ۵ʬȣǰļħˣǰһ̣ʩչطûʬȡ
ʬȻѾ֣δ΢̧ʳָһâһָ⼤ֱüġ
Ѹ˺󣬶â
âΪ׷ǻһȦȻһ𣬻ûһõӰ֣ģ
˵ء㡭˵ӰһΣ̵㣬ʧܣţԭǿҵ˲ʧӰ٣׵ıڸס
Сĵ˺۶գһ£ɿ뿪Ŀк˸δǱֱվԶʶɢ׷
ķɽǻϵذǰ谭֮ȫնϣȻɫһ¶һ˿Цһָɽ̼ٵǰȥ
ֵӰѾĿɼȻһɵĿ˿ܣδ쳣ԷľٶȴòСЦôˡ
һָɫɽʱǰ˵Ѹһ˦ʱɽ̳ͬʱһĴһɳ˫ſ³һϡ
ʱĸɫַӡ
ЦҧʳָһѪҺɽ֮ϣʱɽһɢĺ⣬̱γһѾ޽֣֮Ա֮ǰҪ˺ܶࡣ
޽һʱɢǿҵĺ⣬һڣ޽ն¡
ֵɫСһ˲ƼҪ̽һĴʱһСӷɳ˲󣬻ûɰ͸״ϡ
ɫСϣʱһơ
ͬʱ޽£һָϵĽɫַĸַȫɳӭ޽ЩѸٺˣתۼʬ֮ء
ĸɫַײھ޽֮ϣ׷ױѿ䣬޽ߣַϾ̫٣ĸȫѺ󣬾޽ڰնһ£ٴԼٶն¡
淢ǵȻܲס޽ѹܵĲǷ׷׵ۿ޽Ҫ£Ŀһһؿλó֣Ѹٱ鲼ȫչ˲ơ
ž޽ķߣֳһ⡣һѪĶͷ¡
޽һն¡һһĴ̶УȻһɢŨʬζӰѸٴӾ޽նµλó
ɫ䣬֮ǰЩɣû뵽ȻôһѸһָ޽ϵһ£ʬϡ
󣬸ϿһʬըʬȲҺ߼ȫⱻըĴ䣬еĵطѾ¶ڵĹͷ
Цٴһָʱ޽ֳʮ򣬷׷£֮⣬޽һҲ֮ն¡
ְвãû뵽ʬȾȻ˲ãҪܡ
ʬҲΣ֮£̼м³̵̵һ̷֣ľ죬ըˡ
һεĲʬΪĵѸɢܵľ˲仯ΪɻңϽȻһҧҧſϵľһھѪ
һ䣬ɰ͸״̬˲ʵԼɼӵķš
ڻβײһɲǣӾҵ˸ֻƬ̣ѿ
žӵֿʱ䣬׳ھѵ˲䣬һһ㣬⡣


ڰʮ ģ
Щ˸ɫֹâķ㣬Լٶѣ㣬ڲƵĳ£һ㱡ֽͼ赲
˵֣ԶΪʬҪԲڲٵ˲䣬ŲæĴӴ﷭һڰգһ̴֣мѿһɻɫӿֶѸٰ⡣
Ŀ͸ɫ壬Ķ
ʱ̵ըĲķȻȫһ˲䣬һָڰյľ޽̺ʬǰҪԷٴνͬʱѸٺˣתۼ˵ʮ⡣
ͻȻֵĸʬѾĿ־壬Ϸ࣬ջˣ¾Ҫɥ
Ҫ֪ʬ̵Ա˵ȲϽᵤڵȫһҲ߱һĹڣټϴķſֿס
ľһǸʬӳһŹֵɫԼնȻɥڴˣʱȻʧȥ׷ֵȤܣΨһͷ
һֱĶʱһƲ¶һ˿Ц˫ۺһ΢ָ̧ϲǰһӡ
ʱ̹һֻ̺еֻоĴһʹȻ䲻ϸٶȸĶߡ
üͷһ壬ղŶԷѾڼ΢赲һ£ʹɽδ̴Ŀ˸һҧ⣬һѪɫСһѪУŽһԼٶȴ
ڰУɫСһ˲Ϣģ͵ػͷ˫ͨ죬¶һ˿ɫ̷ɳһ֣̻һ㡣
ͬʱһָ޽һճڷҪնȥͬʱ޽ܸЩһֱƮʬȥ
ڶģֵķɽȴԼľ޽ն¶Է˲Ӷݣô˲ƵĹȻ޷Ʒɽᣬߣʱ״̬Ȼӽ;ƿݣѰ·
˾ͽϿˣСǷˡ˵ţַԣҪ˲ƶ㿪޽ɫâһؿڳ֣Լٶ˵û˲Ƶʱͣ
ӿһ˿⣬ͷնµľ޽ɫСٴ˲Ϣ㣬ǰ
һ󾪻ţʱľ޽Ȼͷ硣һѪֶͷ£۶գһ£Цһɣ
һɫС͸ڼףһѪ
ͬʱ˾ͽϷ˲ƣ˸Уֵʧھ޽֮£ɫѪɫԡ
޽˳ն£Ȼ䣬һѺۡ
ֲ˶ͷѪְϣ˾ͽ֪룬˵һɫâ͸˳ڣʱۿɼٶȣɿıһɫıڱڣںȻ֮ɫϡ
һУڼ̵ʱڷ쵽ʬûӦ˲䣬΢΢һ̾Ķ֡
ʬȵ򣬴ʱȫɢǰѾ޽ҲСһɫСӰ£˵ѷС
һץ񣬶˵ѸٺˣɫС˸âָʬȡ
ʬȶ֣УҪȥͷ۵ϵѺۣһԥ䣬Ȼ˵300⣬һ˲ƣӰʧ
ʬȺһĵĶʧķ֮һԾѺڣûóɫСһ˷֮ɫſȥ
ץűɫ԰ףڴ˸Уȷȫ˿ѱһԣó«һڰҺȸɣϥأɺ
һƬ֮˫ۣ˾ͽϲ
СӣղŷˣҪһСˡ
ֳɱĻֻһΣǸղŴһָûˣ׷ɱҶգǷ뿪պǸ鷳һΣ޽նµٶĶʱѾ;ƿݣٶȶȻ첻ҵķɽ
˾ͽϳĬˣԼһʶְ㣬֮˵Ѿϸˣ̬ˡ˾ͽв֪ûյĿ֣һ˾壬ǻԼղһȥġ
û˵ŰıĿ˸˵ж󷨣Ӧÿ԰ɣ
ֵʻ˾ͽ˵ȫԣڣΪ󷨵¯ɹٶȻ˿һЩҶٻȡһЩһҲı䡣СΪʶȻǼΪˣǺǣ֣ζĶֵˡ
˵꣬˾ͽְѶ󷨵ĿھԼҪעĵطһһ˵һֱҹĻ٣Ž˵ϣֳſ³ɫСһָС̴һԲ
ھڳһץԾ˽ȥ
ɫСδջأǻ
ڲ󣬳ʪ֮Ҳ˲Щó«һЩҺ壬ϴһЩͷ˿ںս񣬱Ŀ
ڶһ磬˫ۣĿһһ״Ʈڰգûͣ˫һ⡣
һɢͬڰ㷭͡
ɫ糣˫ϵĴ⣬֮ڣģԽԽңǵƵҲԽԽ졣
һıƮؿһ˾ͽϲԸ̽˱״̬
תۼϵɫᾧʧ
ĿһһָƮϣ˽ȥʱ鴤˫۽գ¶ʹ֮ɫһᣬȫڡ
¶صı飬˵ҧʳָ黭һŹֵѪɫ֮֡
һڷϣǷ̷ɳӡؿڡ
ҵһֽų鴤ڱǼѪҺֹסѪҺȴδ£ȫƮ໥ۡ
ţϷһ죬ɫȻͬʱ¶ļȫĺɫ
һεѪƤ
֮ɫŨ۶գһ£ٴθջһѪɫţؿڡ
ȻſͣʶĲҺߣȫѪͳͳѿѪҺֹסĴƤƮһ
תۼ䣬һ޴Ѫ򣬸Ϸʱ֮ǰĺɫɿı˲԰ס
ִʱͷѪ˫ַɿ仯ʱ⣬ʱ䣬ģǾ޴ѪСձȭͷСɢİɫ
ȫȻˮʪûͣ٣ٴſһ⣬ʱһָٴ˳Ŀڱȥ


ڰʮ 壩
Ȼ˫ۣ񣬳Ѫ˿촽ؽҧ
ջһӵķţҧָⵯһѪҺѪ˸âӡͷ
̼ͺһӾҵĳ鶯ȫļ䶯ؿھۼ
ûãۿɼѸٿήеļ⣬׷ؿγһ޴
Ŀһһٴδһһ룬ƮڰգʱȫѾƤǣһá
һڣѸ֮󣬱֮ǰѪһС
ʱ¶ƣ֮ɫһ«һڣĿɣʱ䲻˫ۣһָ塣
ʱıȫĹѣɹǷۣƤһγһ
Ѫ⡢ȭͷС򣬳ƷУɢĹâ
󷨣Ҫ¯Ѫ⡢ǡꡢѪ⡢ǵĹл¯ȥʵ̡̫̾˿
ʲôϷڹҵħˣжᵤ󷨣Žв̣¯ʹ࣬ʩҲͬʹΪۣвٷ֮һĳɹʡ˾ͽϲ˵
ֳĬսһָдʣģԽԽ죬˫֮任һ˿˿һ̲ɢԽԽŨ
Ҳ֪˶ãǰȻŨܵޣ໥ںһγһģӰϸȥԼɼС˵ٳ࣬졣
С¶ãȻ֮ɫȫ·һͻɢ㡣ģãȻ֮ɫȥ֣¶Թ֮ɫ췢˻
۶գһ£һһ⣬СƼº⣬תӣ֮ڷ·һεһ㣬ƾСζӣߡ
ۿ޷룬Сɫһźȥ
ޱ飬һӣһ㣬С˼Ȧסźһ
֪Ĳ裬һҪֻĴ֮קſԽһĻȻӰҪԷıԼƣ޷ˡ
С¶ʹ֮ɫһһת۾һԽߡ
ʱȻСϻâһϢѿСص֮أϵĻâ˸СҲɿģʵ
ɫСˣҪٴʩʱС¶֮ɫ³ԡ
ɱң̫үүŹ㣡˼ԪӤڸ֣ɱңԼҲˡ
кһ˵һ˫ַɿ仯ϵشϣģŨһϸߡ
СϿ־֮ɫɫ̫үүѾ֪գϾˣ㡭
û˵꣬һ˦ϸ˵һ֮ڣһסСˣݺݵһק
С˼һ̫үүңϻâ̾˸ַͥԿ֮⡣
ֶ˵һĴӳһ««Һʱ˲뵽ϸ֮ڣϸָ̱ϸٴһק
ƾСϻâ˸ٹãһץ˳֮ص˲䣬СϵĻâɢΪһŻɫķһģӰӰУϸòֻȵ֣л˵
ĵһ˾ͽ˵õģԪӤڸֵ⻯⻯ͬûйҲ㣬֪ڵλãֻǿ˵ѣоƣ˾˵زģΪλ֣Ƕмѣһֱһ˿ʶ
ֶ˵һָסСˣСֹͣСձһɢâԲ
ټү̫⻯ƲǱһԹ֮ɱټ֮ˣ䣬ˣٻԪһջҵ㡭˵꣬âɢ
Զһɽϣһߣվϣ¶ı飬Ŀսȭͷ̫үүģ»ȪһΪ㱨𣡡˵꣬һؿڣһźɫѪҺһɿѪҺвһȦȦɫĲµķţǻ֮䡣
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䣬𣡡Сȵ˫ʶǧǧ뵽ÿһ֮С
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䣬תеĴһתһѪɫڳ֣ЩһγһΡ
䡣ϣСһźأͬʱٴ³һԪӤֻ֮ϵĴԽתԽ죬ɫԽԽ࣬ɵͼԽԽţķΧСۿɼٶȣɿͬɫһȫͼϡ
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֪Щνæһס㣬ɿɡЩ̲һǿҵų⣬ɵĹУ֮һĹɢˣֻ֮һɹںϡ
ʱȻֶͷһһɫͼȻ֡
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˾ͽϳЦʵҲ̫ģ䰴ҷûйֻһλ˲Ϣã˵Ȼӵרо֮䣬Ȼû޷ʩչƻһĹЧġ
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ʱɫԽӰֲҹ˵أѸȥڰȫٵһ̣߳棬վߣŷ棬˫Ŀ


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ڵûκų⣬˴˸ɵûн


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νȪ˹ʱ״̬ıɱ״ּ̬Ȫ̬Լʺ֮ڼвпȪ
ȪϾʵû˾ͽеļɹġħĳƺȪϾֱ֮Ϊ
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ڴ˵ضӣÿҹﶼҪ֮תۼһ¹ȥ
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˭ûмڹԷоŻֽ˺һžͿڱ״̬Ȭһⳡսڶʱֳʤ


ڰʮ ˷
ĳ˵򲻵ѲԸˣʹȥԺ֮¾ʹ˰ݡ˫ۿؼ亮΢Ե
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ץ𼸿ʯ¶֮ɫʯڷܣЩϣ֣ǹֺ˼
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˵Ŀ󷨣ֶŹˣ˵
㵸¶Ϊ˷ܵӣһؿڣʱһͺһ˫ſȻһСڵĵ棬Ȼߣ¶һ޴ӡ
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˼䣬ͻȻɫһ䣬ɱ֣ɽ죬ɢɭɭ⡣ˣȥ
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궫󣬹һЦתʧϢС
ʱɫֽŹ뿪ķ򣬹ãջĿ⣬ߵԲλãͷһ
һֻȭͷʮ֮һСԲ飬մҳԵλûһЩϸѺۣſţͻȻɫһһʯͷԲ飬Բת
һ˿˿΢Բɢ
ǷһָһץƮĹ۲ãĿ˸ԥһץУʶһɨ߶
ʱԲðһựŨܵƮڰգգۼ仯һµĹϡߣߺ׷ƤӥĿȫɢΣյϢɨһۣ¶֮ɫƿڵɸϷһս
һ˺󼸲ϸһԷΪҲʮңӣĿӴĴ߶
תȫƼͣԷ޷ԶƮ¶ս⣬㣬ɸϷһս
ֳˣЩ͸Բ鷨ãٴμӴת
ּĹâͽȻͶǿֿΪֻһ۾ľĵزʱ³һһµ̬˫֣¶į֮ɫĮȻᵤ£ûʸϷһս
һջʧ»̣ԲڣǵһԲϵѺֶۣһ
Բ飬˵ⷨãķڷˣһ̶ȼʵûʲô𣬻ûߣʣ̸൱ľ߱֡緶Ǿ䡰ᵤûʸϷһս
Ʊȵȶﵽ۷壬ϾԼҲԷ٣ϾɢϢڴ󲿷ǿʵʵľ֣
ԼΪǿڵԽ࣬ûʵԽߡŻˣʵѡ
ƤĹ˵ҲЩ˼С󷨣ǾùⲻȥԸôһ𷨱Ц
һϣ̷Ӧòʹ÷озڣһı
ڣĳУУһصıء
ӵпκƵĹߡ෨صĹˣﵽ׻жأ°ͣʱɫ²һΧ󷨣ںһ¶ˮɺ
ʱţ¹ȥ
һհ죬ϥڷ䣬µ֮ɣѾγһŨţˣ׼һλȪϾĳϡ
ĿԻȪϾѾо͸ڹѨҲ֮ġ
ѨڣֱСؿԲϡ
λãֱҪΣѭγɺ˵絤ջȪϾһɺ󣬵￪ϣҪɵڶ㹦Ҫٿ
ȪϾǲƲƺԭ
ֳһչϵķСţʼһγϡ
Ŀ£ԽתԽ죬һʹСǹ֪ǿǰӦʹԽ磬˵Խ١
ʹǳ˿ܣͬһѼ⵶СϵŤѰ㡣ĺֶͷ£̶̵ļʱ䣬ȫѾˮʪ
ڼת£Ϊ״ϢѸɢܣȥֵĸʱɫ˪
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ţڵҲͬɰ㣬һеĴλڶ
һֹı仯ںڶڲڵԭϢ˴˸ţɽ󣬶̷·һͥ໥ҵĹ
ģϢʼ໥ںϣγһڲͬıںڶڻת


ھʮ ¶
ˣȪϾһ㣬ϡ
Ѩ
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֮󣬵ĺڶظֱļٴε֮һһ̼䳹װѵѨ١
˲ϢʹϮڵѨһ̣ڵıɢȫÿһ缡ڡ۶գһۣٴεʼϡ
εʱҪԶԶһΣۿƺ󾢲㣬ְ֮һҲ˳ȥõγһ֮ǰڶУɿתš
תԽ죬ԽǽȣʱҹĻ¡
Ȼڽгϵ׶ΣڵУʱѾתٶȣΪٶ̫죬ֻܿһ·ưڵλãƻתʵȴԶۼޡ
һֱҹʱ֣֮Ũʱֵ·һڶеתʮ֮еϢ
ʮ֮ڣ·ΪһϢĽӽ޵֮
Ӵ֮ɵڣ̼뵽λõ֮УԽԽ󼸺ͻƣ޵̳һҪֹͣȴѾܿƣֻϵرһ˿˿ӵͷڵ󣬻ȪϾûаصļء
ֲ֪ȪϾ֮ԱΪΪı仯ֱ̫࣬仯еĶ漫еǻṦɢ
˾ͽڳ˯һУҪԼ
еҲԽӾңʮɵľ뼱һѭԽɢԽ㣬Խ㣬ǰ֮ٶȾԽ졣
ʮɣʮɣʮɣʮɣһɡ
Բ֮ڣ֮ڰѸӿڵ䣬Χ֮ǧ֮ڣ֮·һֻεڲ
Ѿʧȥ˶еĿƣҲ֪˶ãڵλúһ¿ˡ
λõڶοϣһһڿϵ˲䣬һڶ֣̳ڣڵ䣬Բ֮֮䶯
˵ղֹ֮ܵôڵڶ֣̱ɣ
һɲǣԲ֮ڵ֮˲ϢɣΪմͻıΧıǨɵķΧԽԽ㣬100ɣ150ɣ200ɣ300ɣ500ɣ700ɣճ1000ɡ
ʱտȥԷּһ棬ǧ֮ڣе֮ǳ㷭һ㡭
ڷƤĹץһֻҰ޵ʬ壬˺ҧʬϵѪ⣬ոһѪܵ飬ͻȻͷһתڵķĿ¶֮ɫæʳ£Գðȥ
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˵֣ڵ￪ϵһ̣ڵıѸڶۼͬںһ
ͬںϵ˲䣬ƾĸӦٴΰסеĿƣƳ̶ȼ΢СҪֹͣڵת޷
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γϣ׾ٵɡһźֵ֮ڡںϣӳĴ֣ɢ
ڵıźĳ֣Ѹٵתš
ʱ֮ȻŨֱ֮ɣôԼᱻ֮䱬ֱ֮ʱĶȹʵһ˿ǵĸоڴ
ٴҧĿ¶ȥɫٴƶ֮ʼȪϾĲ㣡
˾ͽصָ˹һ㡢Ĳ㡢߲㼫ΪΪ㹦ֱ״γѨ
ԭջȪϾҪ󣬱Ҫǰ㳹׹̣ڵ󣬴ﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬷ɳԳϡ
ѾӴ֮ںΪһ壬ϲòǿʼ˻ȪϾĲĳϣ
ؿλãͨѨ
ڵ״𣬻úѨλã̷ת
Ѩͬһ޵׶ٵе֮һδʧܣʱһһӳɫ
Բǧ֮Ϣɢȫʧ
ؿѨȻʣʱڻȪϾĳϳɹʼ˷ǳ̵ӡѾ100Σÿγʧ֮ͻһ֡
Ӵ֮100γнϣټɫǧ֮֮ȫޣû˺ڵϢıա
һҹɵ֮ʵ̫࣬ںм׵ĸı䣬ȫı
ϣĸоڵȳ̶ȣһ࣬ﵽڵĶ塣
˫ۣҹ֣Ȼľȴ˼ʽȱ
ҹıִ̬һµ˼·
ŵ㣬Զȱ㣬ΣϵߣһСľͻᱻűεľ飬´Ȼмƻһһѷս͵͡
ʱסҪˣҹȻյ֮٣Ʒȴߣ޷ӳϳɹʵҪ󡣡ڳϳɹƮ죬ջȪϾϵļ¼ƷԽߵļ֮أϳɹʻΪ
𼸸ǰԼ֮ƷʱƹԴͷνϼһƷ˾塣
ͬʱ֮գȻһһȫɢϢߣϢĳ֣ĿŽ´֣¶ǿҵɱ
̫үүΪ㱨ˡ
ټڻԪһ·ϲϵĸ֪䣬ϧ·һһ㣬ʼ޷ȷԷľ巽ֻ֪ԷڽµƬڡ
˵Ƭ֣ٻԪ򲻵ѣʵڲԸȥڵΪܹĸоһǿĴڣҲǡ
˲ЩٻԪĥԼȥһһľֻѰҳˣǿĴڲ̫׷
һһҧһ֡
ַһڹײϢһǣһֻ˸ϺڹâĿ֣˳ݺݵһգʱһɫУɢΣյϢ
٣ҵˣһ׵Σܲˣ


ھʮһ 
ٻԪСڴڣԪӤǿʶɢȻɫһϲڣҪ˲ƹȥʱȻһַ紵һɭƮ
ȥ
ٻԪɫ䣬ԥ̺˼һ
ֻһźȻԶƮһֻɿݵֱϢİٻԪ
ٻԪʶһɨʧɫԷΪȻԪӤڣԥٴ˺
ǸɿݵֱһΣһֻ֣ץٻԪ
ٻԪЦһ˵תӣԪӤڣԵֿģ˵֪ǿߴڣû뵽ԷȻԪӤڡ
һٻԪʧԭأдһߣŻûĴҲһʧ١
İУٻԪӰոճ֣Ȼɫ䣬ֻϢĳ󣬺ݺݵһץ
ٻԪԽп࣬һĴһƤַɿһָƤ˸âӣԼٶȳԶ֮յĶ֡
ˣȻǱǴֵָɨУɶһѪɫ԰ͷҲؿ롣
һźڰգź¶Ӱһ·ʬƤǵӣңٻԪӶݵķ򣬲δ׷ȥתص֡
ݵڴƮƮȥѰʲôûãһյͣ½Ųޱĵͷŵ棬˫һӣ淢һΪ·˺һ㣬¶һѺۡ
Ѻ۳ֵһ˲䣬һдӵص״һɫӰѸٳҪܡʬһʮ̻֮ǳĺӰ־ļһײαϣ˻ܣǹڵϣͷ
ʬӣĿڣûû뵽˵Ȼ޳ʬȣȻǣҲұˣҿԲɱ㣬Ҫƾ֮΢ӦѰҵԪӤ
ʬͷϻ̳ϿֵŸʬһӡ
һ֣ܵɢʬȣɭ߰ɣȥңҵ˵ԪӤôԪӤɣԿǰʬħ
ʬһ̾ϲݺݵĵ˵ͷվӣܶȥ
ޱ飬ȥ
ʱڷĳ벻λãƤĹˣңڵķĿ¶֮ɫ
˵֣յ֮Ȼ󣬵ƷȴֻͨƷѣƷʣٴϱ̫࣬ѾʺϳĿ˸ңĿ꣬
׼̽һ֮Ʒʵļޣģ
ϾƷԽߣϳɹʾԽ
һҹ֮Ĺȥ
һ·󣬹ƮڰգŨҫ˸Σ࣡һһ
ɫֵһ̣һϲ֪ʾǴ˵֮ƷʳԽͨﵽϼѡ
ǰâ˸Ʒߡ
ϼѶƷƷһֱƷͣ½Ųǰһĵ·ߴ棬ԿɿǰӦǴ˳Ƿ֮ء
ּһ¾룬Ԥƻδﵽǧ֮һǶ˵̼ӿ첽
ɢĺ⣬žķУĴۣһ·ʶɢ߶ȼС
ƷһϼƷƷƷ
ճ䣬ڵ죬Ѿ߽صĳз棬ԤƣԼڵλã㲻еģҲӦò̫ԶˣϾֱߡ
һ·ϵ洦ɼɵӣЩڳˮǲһЩŹֵ״ʱӿԾ𣬳¶Ķڡ
֮⣬ܵĽ̮쳣أĿȥ߶ȳɵĶϱڡ
ӲݴУҲһЩҲһЩ־һαͻȻ͵Ϯ֮ľĸء
Ѿ߳Զ֮Ʒȴ࣬Ϊֹʼûϼѣﵽ
ڵҹ߳չǰģһӴĽȺЩȺȫ̮ܿһЩǰľ
۵ģмһֱԼٶɣȽʮɵľ޿ӡ
޿ӷǳŹ֣յ˵ڲӦóˮŶԣ޿ȴûκҺڡ
߽һҹɫʣ֮ӰӾȻԼӵһĶѨ
ӱ̽ͷһ˲䣬ƮڰյͻȻųδйĺ⣬Ѹںһɶʾ˵֮ﵽ˳Ʒʣ
Ŀûмڣž޿ӵıԵһȦ߼һֱ򣬷λãںһ𣬱
ˣƷߵص㣬ӣ
°ͣһû²ԣϥأ
ûãɫ֮ɢ˲䣬վ˽ȥӵ׵һɲǣɫСһ֣ɢɭɭâ
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۾΢УĿǿڵķѶѨ
Ȼ֪ܼĶѨڵжȻˮȫУֶѶѨĵ棬ԸгʪĸȷԼķ
ϸĹ۲һֲΣպϥأȴҹ١
䣬ҹִأˮû棬޷׷ױ룬Ըҹڴ˵
ǰĹ򣬺һǿһɶ
ͨƷƷƷʮƷϼһƷƷƷʮƷͻƽ
ʱҹʱδ٣֮ƷȻﵽһƷ
Ŀ¶ϲ֮ɫʶɢ۲ڣ֮˵֮ƷϷѶѨĪϵ
ֻһ˿˿֮ӵ涴Ѩɢɿںһ
ʱƣâٴ˸ﵽƷҹʱ֮ʣﵽ˳Ʒ
ֲԥ̰ضĺʽ֮
һ˿˿ϢؿѨַ˸ƷʵĲͬؿڵ侫ȳԽ֮ǰʮ
ʱ䡣Ҳʾ֮ǰʮʱɵֻҪһʱ䣬ͿԴﵽͬЧ
ܿ죬ؿѨڣϢγһУԽתԽ죬ϴεѨ䣬ٴγ֡
Բ֮ڵ̲֮ӿ֡
ѨԽԽյٶ뷶ΧҲԽԽ񣬲һͳϴεļޣﵽ1000ɵľ롣
Χڼ1200ɡ1400ɡ1500ɣ
Բʮ֮ڣӿйڰݰ㣬ӿ޿ӣɡ
ѨвֽоƲסպ÷ִ磬ȫѨϿʼ
һתļ׶һδεҪѨģѨ˿ļ
⼣ԽԽأѳѨһ͵ǽڣôǽѾѷ촦ڱıԵ
ʱƣһʱѨλòظһ̮
ǱѨɽѸɶ֮ںϣγһ˿˿Ʒʼߵ֮
ʱҲĲܿƵĳγɵδƴ󣬷ɿһӵϣչɡ
ÿһ˿֮γɣ̵ֵ̱׳ԼģԽԽ࣬Ʒٴߣĸӷ
һưľѨλãתһɹɢ
ָüΪİĿһʯ顣
˲Ϣ䣬һʯ̱˱ɢһ˿˿֮
ڱʯ߳һţʯѳ
ϸһʱ𾪵ķ֣ʯڲṹȻȫı䣬ﻹаʯĽṹﵽⶼѳϸСı㡣
Ҳ˵ղһ֮£Ǳʯ飬Ǹıڲṹһʯ飬׵ıһʯ
ֲ֪һϵеں֮УѾһ˿ı仯ֱ仯˾ͽѣҲһһͷˮͷ
ϹʱڣΪľ绮֮⣬һйľ磬Ϊؾ磬ֱǼʼ
粢Ǳ˴˿ȣһγɣı䣬ɢ
Ѷȣ˵󲻴˵СҲСǻԵɺ£дﵽ
ϹʱڣУ΢Щˣѡ񼫾ΪȻߣȱ̫࣬һ֮ռӴֻ֮߼˵·ߣ޷κԼݣ㣬պͻԪӤ뻯ڵһؼ⡣
ڣҪںϣγѭ߼·ߡ
ˣĺôҲǺܶ࣬˵ԣͬΪУ˿Եֿ
һΪմﵽԪӤڣȻûн뻯ڵĿܣȴһˣһֵλá
ҪǣΪߣǿߣҪκηΪѾͬΪУǿķˡ
ڵ磬ľ磬˵ֻҪ˾磬ô뻯ڣָտɼ
Ϊ㣬ΪϹʱ׷Լ롣
ʼ磬Ѽôʼǻ߿Բ͸Ҵﵽģڻ˵ʼҲһɼľ硣
磬翣Ϲʱй־ĴţҲʱţɢˡ
ڵߣûκ˻ԼģֻΪľ硣
ֲ֪ʱΪεļɣѾ򼫾չˣ
һеԵɣص㻹ǻȪϾʵеļĹ֮һ
ֻ˾ͽϴڸֵϹʱڵĻȪϾΪͬܶطʱѾ𲻿Ǻƶưˡ
˼żʵؼԭ򣬻ǳϡ
Լָ⣬ĿʱȻ̧ͷһԾӿڷɳĿƤͬһɫ磬Ѹٱ


ھʮ ʬڣһ
ЦˣڵѾ࣬ۿԷٶȷɿ죬̲סչһֽţǶ˵һ̤ٶȷӼ£ð
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¶֮ɫſ³ķ˵Щʲô
֪ϾŻֽΪŹ֣֮ǰܵˣԷ˺һȬֶֽ֮Ũĺ档
ڶԷٴ˺»ֽʵʱǿһ
ֶ˵˫һӣתȫһ̣ƶٱ䣡
һ˿˿ɫǻܣһϢŨɢϣ¶һ֮ռļ˱֮ɫ
Ƥоһ΢³һֿ֣˵꣬ȭͷһգֱ۹˸Ѫܸ߸ߵĹ𣬴һȭ
Ŀһ͸һֻ޴ȭͷ˸ײһڽӴ˲䣬ӰڳŹֵƣڵأƫƣ̲һȻܿһϻζУѶʯҰݴԶγһεĿհ׽硣
ɫĺһţ岻˳׶Զ͵̧ͷڷ
ƤıֻҪ𾪣ĸоԷ˳ȭͷ壬ֲĹ仯˳ֱ۷ɿȫӣһ󼫶˵ı֮
ȫ˸ΣǿסϢȫѾ׶
ٿұۣѾ׵ıɫľ״־ķ֣Լұ۵Ѫ֯Ѿ׸ı䣬ֱۣҰ԰һۣٴ³һֿ֣
û˵֪ʲô˼ҡҡͷ
һٴ˺һŻֽ˫ɫӿ֣ɢʱұۻָȴע⵽ֻ΢΢
һۣһҺһѸ뿪ĿͶԷԶȥϥأղŵս
ȭ̺ǳŹ֣ƺһ
뵽Ұڳȭǰ³֣
ȥҰ˹Źֵ˵ֶԼʵսеһóԵǳ⣬ֿԸıʽṹıְΪ
Ұڿ˵ĵڶ֣
Ǹ뿪ʱˣֻԼȪϾϣ뿪
֮أһҪҵ֪ԼҪҵ֮أȪϾÿѶֻƾԼϣɹ̫ˣֻҵƷʵļ֮أſ߳ɹʣ
Ȼ֮ŨַҲǻ֮سʮƷѣԼҲǳƳʮƷﵽһƷˡ
Ҫ֪Ĵ֮أƶ໥಻󣬵ض߾Ͳͬˣ֮صϼһƷ൱ƶߵľһƷˣ
ڿ֮أͨһƷҲ߱ƶ߾֮Ч
˼䣬Ȼ̧ͷֻȥ󣬳ֱȻ˰죬ָܣĶݺݵҡͷ
ָָָ֣ԼȻһֽЩˣԷ˼ƺҪԼߣһ˵ͷ
ٶȺܿ죬߼ܼΪϤܹһΣյѨ
һζԷ̽ѳĳط죬漸תƾʹһ̶̵߳г̾ȻᴩһƬ鲼޹ǴĿĵӴء
󣬶˷һƫƧĽ䣬죬ֻͣЪϢһΡ
ע⵽ԶһνĶˣһ޴ʯ飡
ĿһʯԵǸһģһ
ٿǹˣŲͣ˳νݵϣվʯ˫ַɿӡϣһᣬʯ磬һֱĹλá
ԶԶȥޱ޼ʿͷ
Щ䣬һ֣뿪˵ء
ʱҴңŹڷһһʯڷŵλãд󲿷ֵص㶼Ѿ̮ʯȴ
һһʯ鱻ȫָġ
һʯ飬Ҳ֮ǰһǸҲһ˲䣬ƺĲͬˡ
һ·ĬĬ㣬Щʯ飬һǰ˸
ʱ̧ͷ죬¶֮ɫٶȸȥûϢһΣڵƻ裬˳е룡
˵ԶĹڴˡ˵أͣ½Ųȫڵأ¶֮ɫ﷢һϵз·
ԽԽ񣬴زһԼɵľ޴񣬻Ĵӵһ߶ʱͣ¡
ܵһӣòӣĿ¶ǣгһѳǹһ֮ƣңԶһֻſѣ֮ɫƬƻãĿġ
˵Ĺڵϣϼ˫۽һ˲䣬ִⳤӣ·ˣ
󣬹֮ɫŨֻ˻ָ֣žͷ¶ߴ֮⡣
ֳ˵ϣԾͷվڴ˴˲䣬̸о´֮
ϥ£򣬹һֱһģѾŨҫޣһɢĴ֪Ǵ˵ؼƷʴﵽ˻֮صļޣʮƷ
ϲ֮ɣмȴδǰɢȫܼɵľ룬ԶԶȥܣһԲεĺɫȦסͷ
һ죡
죬һֱʱȹ֮ɫŨʱ̹۲գƺ𽫻ʲô鷳һ㣬ϵľŻֽ޷ԶȻʱȫ˺µ״̬
Ѩڵڱͻƣ飬ڵ賿ȪϾ㹦ɡ
ǰһͿڶʱڣҲһսڣͨڣȻ
ʼƷʣʮƷ֮ںϡ
һ߿ںϣһ߹۲ģɫԽԽ֮ǰǳɫٵ
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ʱ䣬Ʋ·ֲŪ㷭ӿ֣һγһ޴Ĺײģ½
һõӰĳڹײ֮ϣɿʵ
ɳƵմ
˵˵ԪӤͶ֮ڣ
Ϲɫ䡭


ھʮ ʬڣ
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ͬʱ˵ɢ񻺻ȥ
ʱвڹľ֮ϵӰʵ¶һɿݵ壬ɫ䣬ߣվȫɢζʬȣʱʬȣĿ¶̰֮ɫ
Ӷŵ³ĵӴʶ˲Ϣ㸲棬ɨһĿٴηڵϡ
˵֣ڵ˲䣬Ŀʶһɨ¶ݡ
ڿռ䲻󣬷·һƯɫľ壬룬һϥصĺɫʯˡ
ʯ˵òΧĵһһһɫĹʯɢڵڱλá
һĻڵڣĻһ¶һ棬ʾ龰
ͨĻĿһУٿǹˣʱĿȴ¶ǿҵĳ֮ɫ
վڵ⣬ŵƽ˵ˣʱҴҶһΣܲˡ
عͷŹˣ˵ˣ
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˴ʱŭĴһǰҪȥطɽ
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Сɫ΢䣬˫һһ֣뵽ܵĵڱϡ
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Ŀ˵ˣ˭ˣ
¶֮ɫ˵ϷʬϷʬʼ֮һʬһֶصŵӶҪѰҵһʬԼʬ
ΪʬҲ֮ǿ
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Ҳ֮£ԪӤ壬ԪӤܵˣӴ֮ڣҳȥǸʬȣҵû뵽ãڵ֮£ȻҲǣ
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Ŀ˸˵һֱûҵ㣿
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ŶΪβöԷ֮ʱ룿ƽʵ
ε룬ãֱһԪӤ֮壬ǿҵ𺦣һ㣬ҲܲסʬҲҵģϧû뵽ȻǣƾҵĸӦҵ
ټϰţȻΪ㿪һѶԷ˹ǽֲˡЦ֣˵
Сѣ밢Ľʶ͸ˣǰҸոձ˵ʱ㣬뾡һа취ڣѾڰ˷˶ĻᣬܴﵽԪӤڣ޷ٴζᡣ
ֶС˵Ļûһţ̬糣˹һۣ˵а
ͷ˵СѣⰢڷ֣ʱ˯ҽᣬϧӵһɻصҵĶʧܣڰ˴ԪӤ֮֮յҲΪˣɳ˯ѣҲһ˿ĸоΪ
֮Ҿ֪һû뿪ˣһֱ˵㡣
˵˫˷֮ɫ
û˵ĿŶԷȴġ
¶֮ɫ˵ϷСѣҡ


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޷뿪Сȥһʬڣʦҹǰҡ¶֮ɫҾ
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ʱ𶯵ƵԽԽ磬ֲ֧סƣȻޱ飬һҧ˵ԪӤģСа٣ؽʬСѣϷһΰɣҿ㣬ϵľֽҷʱѾڣӵĪ
ҲƫԣʬڵҲǡԣȻã֣ǽ˵֮֮еĻ֮أȥʬڣ棬Ϊʬһչ֮أеƷʵ֮
ְ˫ۣ˵ȻʬڱеƷʵ֮Ϊ㻹Ҫͻƣ
ĿһۣԸΪƾ˵Էһݲȵӡ
ֵʻЦСѣϷղԪӤˣʬ˲һʵÿﵽһ̶ȣҪһλƷʵ֮ϷŻ
ʱҵһ𣬳ܼƣһƬУԽԽ࣬ۿҪɫ䣬˵Сѣʬ˵ҵĵӣеȥʬǲỳɵģСѣʱˣԼǡ
˵һ˲䣬ٴεḻ̌鲼ȫһЩطѾʼ䡣
ת֪ǲ뿪˵أʬԼȻΣգʬһɱ֮
뵽˵˵ͷ
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ʱһѣʬˣҿܡ
¶֮ɫȫ̼ͨһСѣߣϷܷգȫˡ˵ţ˲ʧϥƮһԵʯڡ
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ʣµĸʱȫ˫ۣ׷¶ݣȦչʮʱ˶˵Ѹվȫϥأ˫ְڳӡͬʱӭǰ


ھʮ 
⡰ǰֳڵ˲䣬ڹȦٶ˸ʮ󣬲ӣ໥֮佻
ľϵİˣɫֱ䣬̬һɨݣ˫¶ݵĿȣɵϥظĳ˫ϥڵأ̧ͷĶ󷨡Ҫ֪ʮĹȦôʬڵλߣȦʮǳ˵λ֮⣬ԪӤʼ档
뷨Ȼ˱֡
ģӰڣʵһԼʮò̬ݣһ׺ڲӴϣԽͦΡ
󣬸һƤĹˣŹֵķű鲼ȫ۵ģŵľֽ
˳ֵһ˲䣬һ˿˿֮ɢ
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ʶһɨĵ԰ܾľϵİˣʮΪĴɱһ˲նɱˡ
˰Ҳ֪ΪΣһڴͨҿĶվ󣬶žľϵķţ˼Ĭ
ľ֮ϵİ˴ʱ׷վһŹ֣ȭǰǣ
˵·ϣѾ˵ǣʱɫݣɨ˶ԷһۣȻ֣ͨһҹʦ壬ĳҪ档
һ㶣໥˿˵ǰҵȥִ³ϣ
ֵ˵ͷ߳󷨣ںϡ
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һ·갵д֣Խ̬Խǹʵ˵ڵΪȻ𾴡
İ󲿷ֵע
ͬҲڴԷڶԷĹײ϶˼֣ײɢһһʶĿǰӽڵΪһ㷢˶ߡ
ײһʬ壬Ӹɿڳ˯ע˲䣬ʬȻ˫ۣĿ⾡ܻǣȴ¶ɱ
һĹײģڸʬ̱˫ۣʱЦǰʬǼʦ˵ڴɨսʱѼʶΪв˵ɱ̫أҷ˺ôżɹ
ֵ˵ͷ˵ʬȻڵΪ
һ⻰ĵװֵĿҲвͬҪ֪ʬĹײģʶãɶԷȻһ۾ͿʬΪȻͨڣ˵Ѿﵽڡ
뵽̬ȸӹһԥʵǰߡʬ
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¶֮ɫϸĿ˰죬ȵǰʬ˳㣬μģԵʬֻҹʼǾ߷ɲž߱
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ʵܲ˶Է߶ۿĿ̼ٷ˹ȥͨչǰһ֮ǰѨСܶ
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ʦܵĵӣһɭӰд


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һ̻ʯϻʱһ޴ĻܶڴȥһĴ
ȭ˵ݼҹǰ
ӰʵһʮˣòӢü֣ǣ֣ûκα飬˵
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һ֮ͦǰѾãйӵ飬ҹԪӤڸ֣ʵʵ˵
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ʵ˵ħЩ̫ʺϣŵħ죬ϻڵа޷ȵɱݺᣬʬ˵ʬȴˡ
ÿһʬڵĵӣڷһԭһϵвпƶȣ10δﵽڵʮߡʮδﵽߡδﵽᵤߣᱻʬ
ѪȵƶȣͬһѱӣʬڵӣƵǲò
ÿ궼˱ƳʬÿʱеӶΪ䡣
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£˸ڷľ߸޵ĵʬһӴɣԹֻһ֧ѣ弶ʬڵʹѲ飬ʹߵūͣ߱ԪӤڵΪ
ԽԽľɵĥΪʲôղҹڸԼʱûгԼһ˿Ƿӡأ
ͬʵĻҹڻصصܶ󣬴ڴ
ΪʲôûгǷӡϣɳƵͬĦһ㡣
ҹڰͷϣӡ˰ʶתϥܶڵһźɫʯϣԼͷһ㣬ʱȫһõӰƳ
ӰΪģӣҹƮڰգڰ߿Ȼ֣Ҫץڰͷϡ
ҹüͷһ壬һɫӤӤһ֣̻һסӰצӡ
ɲⰢʦܰʾնĴˣ㲻ҹԵ
ӰһЦһƮ˫ֱżƮһԣҹڣʦֻҵȵ¯ʦߵĿ죬ϴûʶǰ뿪ˣЦȻȣֱͶҹڣڼȻ֪ڵĵص㣬㻹ȥϴ
ҹɫŶԷЦûȫǰʲôϴˣҼȲȥҲȥܷʦܣͿıˡ
ӰٺһЦҲ⣬˵Ȼ㲻Ը⣬Ҳǿһʶ弶ڹѾ׼ˣʮˣҪѡ¯סݣֻʬڵµӰˣСӣδ
ҹڳĬ̾һİǰʬڣƾʴӱİʱﵽԪӤڣɾʱʬȻʶʼɣһ̽ΪҲΪˣ֪йʬڵһϵš


ھʮ ޱ
ʬڣһӴɣҹ֪ģߵĲ弶弶£ͬһһ㣬ɢʬڵ֧
Щ֧ȫɭϵƶȣȵӷĲһеͬȦһ㣬ҹ֪ԭί󣬵һӿͷĸо
һɳᵤڣôҪһ¡صʬ弶ڹʶ壬ҲʱȻϢڼ£ʬڡ
˵˵ˣʬھ弶ṩɣҪ֪ļϵУÿ궼εĴսǵսУ⣬ԪӤϵΪֻҪһЩǿԱԪӤӡ
ʬڵãʹΧˣߣʧȥҲá׼Ҳã֮ҹĽףʬڽС
ʬṩʲټϴСʬߵĹҪ˵һ£ʬڵ֧ڶ࣬ÿһ֧Ĺһ
ʬߣ弶ɣΪ˸ӿݵĶᣬʬǩһϵԼһṩɵĻһ֧Ϊɵרⳡ
ԹʬڣĹ弶еһħɣֽȪ
ҹڰ̾һûҪ֪Խ࣬ԽǾԼСȣԼûʸȥһʬɿʼΪԶʬ޷ת
ʬڵƶУһǴﵽԪӤڵĵӣᣬôҲһȥ˵Ļᡣ
ҹڰɣȫʬɺԪӤһ٣ʶȴᱻʬ֧ͬ˶һȥ˵
ֻһΣղͻԪӤڽ뻯ôȴֻսΪڻҵˡ
һڣôͻļΪϣӵǧʱ䣬1000ǰûдﵽӤڣȻ
ɲʻҹԵûеᵤڣʲôϵʦնĵӣֻҪһ죬Ҫƽ˵䣬һɰ֮ȻƮڰյӰһһ˵Ҳκ˺κˣ
ɲЦĿ˵ҹڣⰢͦʺΪʶ󡣡
ҹһȷ˼Ӹղſһ˲䣬ˣΪԼ׼
ǸֵСӣĹΪ֣һ˿һȪڵϢģǾѵ¯ҹڣ㻹ûشңΪʲôղûзӡǣӰЦЦĿҹڣƵ˵
ҹƤ΢գڵΨһѡڣһѡ˭˭ʬҲûûнᵤǰҲǻǣһӡڣͻΪʬڼ¼ĵӣǱȥǺܳԿҲ¶ɲ˵ʵôΪԼѰҺ·ӲϽҲĬ˶Էɡ
˵꣬˫ּۣһ䣺սҪʼˣҼ⼸վҪ¡
Ӱ촽ɳƵЦ˵ʹߴֻͨҪͿյɣҹڣʬڵԼʶһʱָѡҿķϣһѣֱӰָѡᵤڣ롣
ҹ֪ʬڵź󣬾һ죬ÿһεսʬڴʶɵĴӣҹڰ̾һ˫۲˵
˵֣ľ߿ٵһһ֮ܶ䴩Ըоߵ·£ŷУһ˿˿Ũ֮ӵصɢ
ãľȻһܶͣ£ԴĽĲ˵ʦ棬ʼΪŵأ˵ʬΪʺĶѨ֮һ
ľ߿һ˽ȥֻܶľڶѨ֮һСһı˪⣬Ī⡣
ܵĶϣСףһ˿˿֮Ĵɢ
֮⣬ѨһƬտֳ˼棬ʱһɺָ룬һ̻͵ɢ
̬ĮȻڵԶԶĳ˵ĺ
ϥ£˫ӡɫصһЩСһӡʶһɢںϽӡУʱܶѨڴĶڣ䶯ҧһûһ˿϶
ѨڳΪһȫյĿռ䡣
ֿ˿ܣĳʬڣǲѵ飬ڷʱ봫󣬶Ȼʬ¼С
ڿû˵ѣ˵عȻʺϻȪϾڴ˵أһΣУǸղҹʱԷ̬ܿûʲô쳣ĵһֱֱ߶ŵĸо
ָоڶԷע⵽̴תƵ˰
ˣо費ûأҹһǲ⣬ﲻ֪ʲô㡣
üͷ΢壬ϧ˾ͽڳ˯ʶɷԷ룬ֻѰ˵أȻˣȽ˵һ
뵽ĿһִʱܶڵСڷһɢתۼѨ
ſһ䣬̾ڣţСɢ
ǰһڣ̱գ̲
ִʱ¶Ź֮ɫ˫һһ֣һγһ
۶գһ£Źֻɫ˲ǳɫ˸һ¡ĿһͨһƷ
ʱ˿̣һƬޱ޼ʵɫƲʣȻԹϿգҲΪ
Ʋĳֵ˲䣬һɷ·ѹԹߣԪӤ£ںηĸɣʲô飬ɫ䡣
Ӵѹ֮£ڵӣȫľֱȥ
ڡᵤھ̱ĿΨԪӤڸ֣ſѹ֮µֿҲɫ䡣
ںɽһصĽУȻ˫ۣɫֱ䣬ȴ¶ϲ֮ɫ˵һʧڽڣٳʱǰ֮⡣
ԹڣȻӸط磬ԳԽһٶȣ˲ƷУԹĵͨȥ
֮ˣᷲˣԹзˣһ̴󲿷ֶǹĤݣйϴԣÿ꽵һ߲һ죬ˡ


ھʮ ս֮
ԹڣļԪӤڸ֣ȫڵһʱͨȥ
ʬڵضҹڣ˫Ŀһͬʧԭأ˲ƳȥԶ뿪ǰɫʬڵӷһ
Ϸ뿪գգͼߣɱ⣡
ټٻԪֵ߲һ̣ټݴȻ˫ۣļ̌ͷ죬һԥһ򣬶˳ȥ
ͬһĻħšϻڡ޷ȣƮڡԪɡڣͬʱݡ
Թڣطɳĳ磬ٶȾۼͨ
ͨǼ˵ı־ԽÿһԱڼ˺󣬶˳޽ͨڸǳפһ˵ʹߣʹ߲ڹҵһоףֻش¼ʱŻ
ǵһͨԪӤڸ֣ϾԹĿǰ500ǰӤߣΪǴﵽԪӤڵĶ壬ʱԽڡ
ټսĥĿǰ˵Թһ˵ı
һ׻Ҳӣƾճͨ£ͨ˽εֱƲ㣬ϼɢĪ⡣
ͨ¶֮ɫڶһ500ǰԹԪӤڸ֣һʮˣļѹӲͷƤ̤ս
500󣬻ֻһˡ
500꣬Ӷ֪Լΰģÿ춼εĴսֻһ˲䡣
500꣬ǿߣЩǿֻҪָͷͿɱԼ
ͬԹԪӤڸ֣ͱɵʼ֮һӾۿһƼΪͨߣƤǣһ¡
Խ࣬ӾԽǺ£ԽǺ£ԽǲʣһԪӤڣ500֮ս֪ԪӤϳ˻֮⣬Ӥڡ
Ÿӵ飬ͨĿڵʹߣӰݼ
ӣʶˣؾнһˬʵڴŴ߳һߣԲòûʲô֮һɫɵĳϣ͹Գ߸߹ĶӣΪ
ȴ¶˿һóһ˫ֵݸԷ˵ʹߴˣһѼһЩϣмָ֮
ʹ˫ۣһЦӹҲֱڻЦӣԹΪʹߺ󣬵һս߻صԪӤߡйһϢѾϱɣ洫һ仰ڰڽԪӤڣôΪӡ
¶ϲ֮ɫصĵ˵ͷ
˵ţնڵϺ¶ӰһһŮеĿʮ꣬аӢ֮ɫʹߺ̹ϻڳ»ݼʹߴˡ
Ůٸ磬̴治˵۽ǴģʹߣϻڳУݼʹߴˡ
ʹһͷ㲻ˣһûһԹУҲǿʸ˵仰
ûã½ʮ٣ٻԪҲСһ˵صģҹڣոսͨǧ֮ڣʹһ̧ͷԶ΢¶һ˿Źֵ΢Ц
ԹԪӤ߶յɫƲʸŨܣʹɫ࣬մӡ
Ʋ̷һɫâ£ͨϣţȡơ̡塢ϣɫĹδһ˲䣬֮˸Ũҫɫâ
ͨߵ͵һһȦԽʮɵľ޴תŴ⼤ֱγһ޴ĺڶһȦȦɫںڶܱߡ
̧ͷȥֻһȦȦԹΪĵ㣬ܵܵƲʣˮѩһ㣬ۿɼٶɢ
쫷תյĹɢ½žž˵˾󲿷ֶԪӤڣ쫷֮·׷ײ˺˼Ωˣԭأһδ
ˣֱӡҹԼƮڵһ׷ˣһŵĸߡ
ʹߴʱǰδеأһڰУ˵ʹȣӭʹ߼١
һ޴ͷ­Ӻڶڳ֣ɨ˵ϵһۡ
ڵԹԪӤڸ֣˵һ֮£׷ľԪӤЩû˿ɣǶԷƬ̣ԪӤܲסӴѹα
ǵһָģɫ԰ף˵Ϥսоħĸ֣һߣȫΪɵǸʼ棬Ǳħһû¶ǰɵġ
ĿϣԻһ˿ͷ˵ƵطҪǸƨԼƣһھܰСɡãºͨսͨԹ𱱽ʮ˶λõʮս߿ƣվɣ߿ƱĿ飬ºֻɽսʱƳ飬ȡԹʸ񡣡
˵꣬˴һţߵһ䣬ڵϣֳ߿ӵơһУԴһգʧںڶڣٴ̽ͷȵսǷһӣϽɣϽ߻Ӥ伶һɻʮΪ൱ڻڵʬһ
˸ҾΪУɱһȣ˸߲ϷϢվͻ֪˵ţһƲһΣһ棬ֻһһԲεʯ飬ϿżƲʡ
ڴˣϳӣؿڡ
˵ֹ꣬˼䣬һֻ޴ֱ۴Ӻڶ̽һץסͨ⼤ʯȣ߲ʷˣӲܰһˡ
һҵУ˳ڶڣͬڶ˲ʧӰ٣ɫƲ֮һɢתۼվͻָ糣鼰ԹڵӴѹʧˡ
ʹɫЩѿһһ˦ӣڣԶԶĴڴ
ϹأᵤڡԪӤڲó֣ŵڶɳɣǲƵȥɣպ󣬴սʼ
а߸ɷֱǰƣ໥һ˵Ծ뿪ֵζģɵԪӤڸ֣Ʈڰ׷ΪףߵĶͬһ
ŵĸߣĿкһתӶ˵λѣȥϷΣ


ھʮ ʯ仯
˵֣ȵͻȻֵѹɢ粻ĳѹһ֣ҹڱ㴫뿪һ⣡
˿̾ҹ뿪ʬڶȻΪɭϣҪ߲룬ʶһɢոսӴܵǽڣ̱ס޷̽룬ΨܵСףû谭ʶ
Сںˣɲ⣬һֱִС̽˽ɣûзκ֮ԸоأʶʶЩܲˣɢļûջʶȫɿתģ㷺һɫĹââһֵ֣γһУİСڳ֮С
ʬڶչĵӣǸոմѹлָһδɵһ˲䣬ĸо֮ڴļ٣֮Դڵصĳ֮أ޴ӹ۲죬һЩ졣
ۿ޾֮ӿ̹ϵֹͣɣĿ
ɣȻֲؿӵĵطһһ֮óӣһεҺ塣
ϲҪ֪Ψһȱ㣬ڿռûκֻܽҺҺʱ䳤ЧԽԽֻ¶ˮܱЧ
¶ˮɼ̫ȪϾֺٽξռ䣬¶ˮȴһֱڲɼԺξ֮á
Ӳ֪ΪΣȻôҺ壬ĸоҺȻԣĲ¶ˮ졣
˵ó«ʼռҺ塣
Һ嶼ռĿٴ֮ܶʱӿ֣һΣʶĶʯ飬̲һ˿˿ȻϢУҺʯڳ
¶ϲɫܶʼռһ«Һ塣
«Ѿ׸ı䣬ɫı·Ĺ⣬֣ź«Ҳоһ⡣
ˣһ£ẮǣѪ
СİѺ«յڣóһ«ҪɣȻһɨʯ飬ʱɫһ
ʯϣԭֻһƬҶοƣȴֳһƬҶɶԳ״ֲ
Ŀ˾ͽϵĲ²⣬ҪɽľˮԲ磬Ŀӣ
ˮѾԲ֮ǰϵƶ̻ʧҶʾҪṩľ
ľĲϣΪң֮ǰټҳǵĽ׳ϿǼ۸񲻷ƣҲ֪ŪЩϣգЩľԵĲܷӵĽЩò׼ͷҲͷ
һϾȻһƬҶֵ˼ˡϸĶӿãĿ̧ͷѾż뿪ˣҪӽ꣬еİغ뿪
ҪĶҪеģкһӣһ⣬ڻжڵ˲䣬ڷ·ڻ㣬һȱڣֶ˵Ѹٳ˳ȥ˳֮ͨǰĬǵ·ߣǰߡ
ͨûһߵܶһֺ߳Ȼͣ½Ųֻľϥܶڣ֣˵
ʦأʼ뿪ǰκ˵Ȳ뿪ܶʦ治Ҫ
Ŀһɨͷ˺󼸲תԼȥĵ׳б䣡
ʬڰϸ֮е飬ôϸҲòֶѨⰲһڵĸְɡ
֮ǰʱַǵһʮҵĵӡ
һ˼ֶ˵ԼѰһڣ˳ȥûãͨͷһ΢СһЩܶǰ
߳ͣ£ܶڵĵϣϥһɫ̬꣬䣬֣һﲻƮһ̵ͨĹײġ
ڡ۾ͫһ˺󼸲ת뿪һֱ߳ԶԷʶŴƿ
㣬һʮһͨǶԷգֹ⣬ڰѳ֣һܶڣȻһڵĸ֡
ĵ׳صĻصܶϥأһоԲɺϣ֮ǰҹڵĲ²⣬ҹⰲŵģĿľԼѷɡ
üͷ΢壬УǸڵĸ⣬żǶԷʬԼҲսʤǵһܶˣľ·ϣһʮ
һ޷ʱ뿪һжǻûߵһܶͻᱻʬڵڻ߽ᵤڸס
ֽסЦʱΪ˾ͽϿѣ˾ͽ˲ƣô뿪˵ؾͼ򵥶ˡ
ʯ˼󣬷˾ͽûκѵĺۼ̾һѡ
Ҳ֪Ҫ뿪˵أǶʱ֮ǰжֻ̽ѡ
˫ӡٴ֮һó«ʶڰӿֵ˲䣬˳ܵСף˽ȥ
ֲûаʶɢȫһһС̽룬һʶ۲ľ룬ʱ١
ԭڵʶԲǧ֮ڲڻ¡ܶڵ谭ǿȫڶѨڡ
ֵɣӿ֣ʶͬһϸߣ˳һСײϵ̽룬СڵͨתСȴ˵һ
֮ܿǰ̽λã˵ؾܶԼһҡʶǰ̽ЩѣϢͬǳˮһӿǻȪϾ֮ӵкǿ½һγʶͻɢ
ˣ̽ٶȻҲ֪˶ãʶ̽뵽ңʱӿİѾԽǿңϵĳһ𼸺γһš
һҧʶݺݵһײšʶȻ˽ȥ
ǰһĻñĿ֣ͻȻ˫ۡ


һ 
һ޴ܱܶ鲼СףֵʶǴһ̽
ܶģһھ޴ĹײģײĴȥΪͨûκλƵװΣ֮ȴĴӹײɢֱǽڵСߡ
ԥһ£ʶڹײܹ۲˰죬漴һ̽ԤϵģȻûа谭˽ȥ
ײڿһֻǵײһԲεĴ󶴣֮Ǵɢ
˵֮ΪŨܣ㲨ֵֹʶ̽롣
ڵУֹ֮ɫΪŪ˵֮İأŪʯΪλ˴˵ص֮˵һĴóողɼ¶ˮ«һСڡ
ֵĿǰƣȻ̲ס˸һƬܿʧȥ֪ľû˷һʱ䣬תɣʶҲøʵӵԴԴϵĲʶ׶һ㣬ݺݵײڵĶ롣
ʶѵڶڣζЩ֮ɢ³Լ400ʱ֮Ũޣٴγһš
һҧݺݵĺһ¶ˮʶ͵һ壬Ŷ룬ڽһ˲䣬ֱǰһĻˡ
һӴޱȵĳʬƮڰУǱȽҲֻʬһָͷСʬϣһɫֲЩֲʱ޿̶䶯ǵ䶯˵ήָֻѭܶʼ֮£֮ɿĴЩֲɢ
ִһ£ʶϸĲ鿴һԽԽľ޴ʬȻǱ˹ĿľΪɫֲ֡
ȻʬΪӵеƷʵ֮𰸾Щɫֲϡ
֮ԽҲһֲĪĹ۲֮ջʶ˵ؼΪ죬ڽһֱ޵ΣС
Ҫ뿪֮ʱȻһ޵Ĵ
ֶ˵ʶһգľǴ˵֮Ȼ䷭סʶʱԽԽѾԼݡ
ҡ
ֹϵ«һڰҺȸɣʶһ𣬺ݺݵ֮ܵڣıʱʶ֮УûҺ彻֯һһףһѪѪҺʱȻǽ˱
Ȼˣʶ谭˳ŶѨջأգۼͻص壬һٴѪ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
̽ƽϢ֮֮˫ۣµĿ˿ǽϵСףĬ
ʱһȥתۼʬѾ죬ǰʶ̽ص֮⣬ûκжÿռϵҺ壬Ҳ֮ǰƬҶƬ
ֵļ㣬ϵҶӦ֮ǰƶһʮǰƶľ飬֪ԽҶӵľͻԽǽͨ˵ص֮ôҲľԲ
ʬڲǾ֮أ˼úִ̽һεص׾ˣȡҵ·ߣһȥץɫֲʯ
ôΣգʵ̫ҲЩԥ
Ƭ̺ѡȥĴ㣬֪ĿǰԼΪνȡɫֲĻҲܴ󣬶ҺпΪ͵໥Ƚ֮£Ȼȡᡣ
һĴʱһѹ׾ĽʷɳƮǰ
⽣Եֻ֣ڶȡıչмһΣ˵ûмɹҲһЩʹõķЧ㲻ѣĿǰΪֹҲǿ÷ɽ³֮λá
йʣо˺ܳʱ䣬˾ͽϣҲ˵⽣ΪŹֵ֣ҪԶѪɫС
֮ǰ˵ɽ뽣ʣʦһŶз֣ʦ֮⣬ᵤ޷⻰Ӧм٣Ʒǲǽᵤºķʱ̫̫󣬶ǽᵤɹôƾŵ𣬿ɴһ̡
ϧѪֻ֮һȻҲԽʩչһоͼ򵥶ˡĿ
۲գһ£ŽʳΪ˼Ӵɽ⽣ʱҪٳԼһˣĵĥ˵ûн𵤣ȴȪϾõĺ
ڵȫǿźΪϸоһ˾ͽϵ˵ȪϾĸ֪֣֮𵤣༫һǺ򲻵ѣҪ壬һʱԳһЩͻɢҪ
֮ǰһμʱǸոնɹȪϾ첻˵ΪǴﵽڶ壬ʱͻƽڣһؼǰһЩ
뵽˴ſһɫһʣ̻˪գۼͰסʡ
һָʻڰתһ˿˿⣬ɢΪ
˫ֲͣϵ⣬ÿнʺ󣬽ʶһ£ģ˫ԽԽ죬һ⼸ӳһֱߣʲƵʲϵؼӾ磬ûаͣ١
ֶͷڳĺˮһֱ㱻ܵĺɱˤڵϡЩ飬Ȼûʱ˼ĿתĶŽʣֿٵĴ󣬼´гһ«һں
ʱȥڽʳĲôʱģһεͼӽϸֳ
ͼ˿ټ⣬ԵĵװΪǰǿ˽屶֮ǰ˾ͽϸ֪Ƴڵ󷨣һǧսƣûоڴһǧ󷨾Ѿ֡ȻΪ˲٣ɱ֮ᵤڻǲ̫࣬˾ͽ˵ᵤڣֻҪͿɱƳ󷨡
һСʱؿһգ¶ʹ֮ɫС𣬽ſ죬һӤȭͷСɫƮ
ɫΪ԰ףϢһָʱۿɼٶڻγһ̲ɫҺ壬ʱֵɫӲ԰ףûаѪɫȴ¶صı飬СĿƺɵҺ壬뽣С


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һУ֮ɫŨĿĶŽϸֵ󷨣˫³һɫһ֣ոʣȻȼһ
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ٴγʱȻʬıչ֮أҹ粻һ·ĵĬĬħֵĵʧ
ǰǴνսʸħʤΪӵĳ֣һڣ˲ٱյʤΣڻδ֪
üͷһͷӣûаոɵ
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ʮʮŶڵӣȥʮϡҹ˵꣬һչ֮ؽ䱻ӡİоϣٴóһ򣬷ڶͷһ˦
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һᣬԷûκηӦüͷһ壬ͨղʼĴϿֲϲټ֮ǰʼ뿪ͬڵļڵӰѳͨɴ˿ɼʵ졣
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ĿкһţЦȥ⼸յļ˵ûгȴ֮֮ģɽʱ١
һһܶߣһᣬһĶѨʮʯڣÿʯ涼ƮһɫĻ
Ĺ䣬Ѵ˵յйɭ֮
վŶʮˣÿһƮһڹײģײĵ͸죬ɢϢ
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üͷһ壬ܸоЩԾϸĴ˼ۣԽĵԽɻ󲿷ȻǸոսڣҹŹֵǣЩ˾̬壬ûκԿԡ
ڵʿһûУڵʿȴˡ˲ͬ˵Ĳһ
ͫһʱʮȻһҹڵӰϢĳڰУֵһ˲䣬ע⵽󲿷ֵĵӾ¶֮ɫ
ҹĿһɨֵ϶࿴һۣƽ˵һεսΪʸҪᣬ˴ᰴᵤڣԪӤڲò룬һǽ͵ħڵļϵأйʬڵһжԶųΪףų
һµˣĴӶ߳Ŀһɨڵʿ֮һȻٵ硣
ǽսƣúãסεĿľԷƣҲҪСħɣɱߣɻɡҹ˵꣬ӸһƣóöĿ䣬Ȼ䶢֡
ɫ糣ҹڣһﲻ
˵һ˿֮꣬ڣΩȱһ㡣ҹƽ˵
ֶ˵ҧ⣬³һѪڶͷһʱһƹҫѪҺһγһɫѪ顣
׳һ˿ǵط֮ǰҹڸɫϸļ¼
һָɫѪ飬ʱѪ黮һ磬ҹһ֮ϡҹһؿһۣû뵽ԷȻôɴ࣬ԭ׼ǶԷֱɱ֮ǰѾ˾ϣԶԷΪ¯߼ʬϾֳĹЩ֮⣬ʲѣԤЩ¯ʬУóһʶҪǿϲ٣ȡ֮£Ǿѡ˰
ʱۿԷʶȤҹɨһۣһ˦ʱܶ𶯣һԲεľų֣һƬɢ֮
зӡһ˦ֱųԼȺеˣĿһʣµʿ
ĵɻŨɫĬĬסһڵʿӡֻǵǸڶԷС
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ҹƽڵڵ֮Ϊ϶ܣ缸걻Ȥһһ£ս֮վǱ֮ʱһѾҪˣȻѾѡΪ¯Ϊż֮Ϊ˿ӼΪ
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һ˳󣬾Žɢ
һ˲䣬ʿ໥ۣ˵Ҫл


һ 
һֱųԼʿڶԷҪ˲䣬˵ſ³һ̹⣬̹һ䣬˲ϢնԷ
̹һʱܺˣ޵ѪɽȪϾҲ֮˸ı䣬һ˿ĺ壬֪ڷɽչ֡
ɽϵĺΪԵܻݲݱ⺮һ壬ʱɱԱߵЩʿҲһ˲ý飬ƤۿɼѸٽᾧ
ֻʿ̳һæˣҲû뵽ɫСȻ˵һǰʧȥӰһ֮ʿæȻ
ɽڶԷǰһɴ̹һʿ͸һѪ쮳ԶʿŵŲӣ¡
һԾץס˳봢С
һз̫죬õʯΪǡʱڵʿѾ˻һɷɫѵƮͬһ㣬ɻܼȥ
ʬڵӴʬĹײģһɫ˲䣬̲ԼͬĴӹײڴڡͬڹײ˫ָײϵعŹľһ㡣
ٿЩڵĵӣһ·ʩչ˶һ㣬վԭһ
֮ڵʿһۣԼٶȳ򼴽ɢľڡ
һ룬ţųɢ㾧âʧӰ١
ֶ˵Ѹ˳ԶңʬڵڵλãĬ
ʱԽԽͻȻһײĸȻѿһ˫ںڵצֱͦͦð֮صĴϢ
ģһȫëɫëĸʬӹײ˫ɢ̹⣬ŤͷһܣĿھԼϡ
¶ѪĺâȻԾһһץסˣӺݺݵһʱʿӲƤԼٶήһ˿˿ɫ壬ɿʬڡ
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ʿĬ̾˿˵ˣҾǣٵѣԩͷծɱ


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ٻԪɭһЦ˫¶ɱﰵ̫үү㱨ˡٻԪ̲סټҵĴΪĿʾѵСͻȻıɱˡ
ٻԪϸĵ飬Եɣ֮⣬˵ȣȫǺġ
ʱɷǰʿȻһ̾˵ٵѣ֮ǰѾȣΪλҪ֮أ˰ɣٵѣԩͷծǨŭˣ鴫ȥίʵ̫Щ
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һĪľ뷳꣬


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ָоִδӵУһ˺ѷεʹ·ȫѪҺһ˲䣬ȫһ㣬ѣӿļ䡣
ǿĪʹŲɿ죬ۿ˲ϵ׷Ѱкһת򣬳ʬڵľۼȥ
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ٻԪʿ֮һ̤УҵĴլӣΪһƪ档
׿ˣһۣ֮ǰõּ·ߣڿշȥ
׿Ŀŷ棬ĬڵϣصĿ˼ͷȻ飬Ѫ档ʱ
ؽҧЦһһᣬ˵ϡ
׿ƣʿһڵķȥյĿĿİҵĸһɨա
ʿ̾һĵҲ֪£ǶԣǴ꺺ӵʶܾһһɡ뵽һ˦ֵ壬ʧլ
ٻԪ˲䣬ּҵĴӣĺɫСϣһٶ˵꣬ȫӡϣϸȥ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ҵİƮɵ
˴ӺٻԪʶһɨҵּҵķӣЦһȥ
һӺٻԪ߳һĺ壬ʱӭþ޴ޱȣٻԪҧ⣬һӤѪ̷Ǻ֮ϵһȦȦģƽϢ¶һ棬Уһּɿߡ
ٻԪЦһһ㻭档
˵֣Īľ£׷ˣʬڵļ֮رȥȻؿǰδеһʹ·һ˰㣬ҺһһģڵϣһѪ
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ʹ糱ˮһ㣬û֮ˣĳЩоΪһ̣ӿִδйľţвĸֳĸò
ţֿһĻǵĻ档
ֵ˫ۣѪᣬʹ࣬һ˿˿ڱߣ׵ĲܿƣԲʮ֮ڣвḻ̌ɫᾧɢһֱڼӾ硭
һ̣Сľ磬ֹ伫


105 
Ϲʱڣʼ磬Ϊĥ漫ϣĪϣʼϹʱڣǳһӵмʿôһƽ١
ءʼ죬ۿ£ʼȴԶԶȲϼ伫ӵд˾ʿᡢԶӴ֮Գƫ򼫶ˡ
һɱ˿¶֣ûκδݣͬȼʿ޵СȱҲΪԣǾ޷ﵽڡԪӤڣǼΪյ㡣
ֻԪӤڵļʿͨĻڸ֣ҲײԸǰˡ
ˣ㲻ñ֮Ϊ¡µԵɣϹʱĳһλԽӤڵǿߣڶȽʱ˷֣Ȼм
һϹ˶Ϊ֮־Ϣ
Ҫλǿߣǧ꣬ǧ꣬δ֮˸ǣвͣͻɱԷš
ǧ֣꣬Ϳľǧ꣬ϵʿ޷㣬Ʋ⣬ϹյĪĹϵڵǧ֮꣬ɱɱһϹҲǳͻĺƽǰû˿ĵֿͳ߽⡣
ѾĴڣͬ޵в˵˵Ըǿ԰κηӵļˣⱾѾǳ£ټû˻ڵƣ磬ֻҪһΪڵļߣǽǳ׵ĺƽ١
мڴˣϹʱڣһּʿôʿȫɱĴڣϹ磬졣
ħɺˮޣôϹʱڣħӵмʿȣǼֱǹɵĲˣͲһΡ
ʵϹʱڣڼоҲδϣն¾ԵɣȴȻͣ׶Ρ
ڼڵƣ·ֻڴ˵еһΣ֮ļϣǱԪӤڣ޷
ʱգйؼļأ󲿷ѾʷĳУû֪λãӵС
ֻһЩߵȼĳЩɵĲؾ֮أôйؼ
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Ϲʱĳ꣬ˮ𣬴ĳɣʮճɱߣŮףߣ죬ˮûһߴڣɣûӹ˽١
ѪȾˮأϼ´׼ɱʱˮѪڶѪɱУ˺ƺ֮ʧ٣˲²⣬ѾȽ١
飬һͬ㣬Щʿӵмߡ
Щӵеļû֪е˲²⣬ޱ䣬е˲²⣬Щӵͬһ
ⱦĴУÿһӵд˱ˣԻü
ܣָĲ²˷գϹʧһжĵȴˡ
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ٻԪ֪һУΣҲΪǸʹ˵Ĵ߻ߡ
ְڵϣⷽԲʮڣɫıǣΪһƬ
ؿڣǰδе˸ɫâǰƮͷ
ٻԪ׵ѪϧУֵԺһ仰
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Ǹڵʿһ֮ϸһɫţһ˿̰ӿУӳͼ⣬ϣ۴СʼһһйػӵĽʱӿͷ
Ͻ߻Ӥ伶һɻʮΪ൱ڻڵʬһ
ǲǣõ˵ڵʿ̹ϵ˵
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һ̺ˣԶԶĿֶһˣΪڣҪɱ˶ᱦȴû뵽ԷȻֶû̧Լķɽͱٵ
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ħ֮ˣһüͷһ壬˵ӳһ׷ʱ״ֵ˲䣬ɫ˳׵ܳȻ֮ס
һĻ˶ֹͣɱĿޱ飬Ǳƽ֡
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Ϊ֮һʱѾٽǰվˣҪ˵ֻâ֣ȫɱ˵ĺ󳾡
ˣ˷׷Գһ걧ȭĸɣԪɵȨ
ţǰߣģǰûһ赲ֻ߹һֱ߳һٶɺħиĵӣֵıӰĵЦɱʦ֣Ҽסˡ
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˴һ£һֱֵӰʧ˫Ҳʧȥ˶뷨Գ˿
һ·֮ˣðߣȫһּ䣬˱ڵʿҲ޷ֵ֮󣬷׷׶ܣǡ
ʱ䣬еʿ


һ ȼ
ȼߣĳЩ¼֮⣬弶£ֻһַʽʿᵤԪӤӤ䣬žĵȼҲһһߣһбʿﵽᵤڣ򱾹Զ
ԪӤڣԴƣлʿļӤʿ弶
Ҫʱ֮⣬ҪĪĻԵԽϣԽǼѣǧҲһΣļļ弶Ҳδܳɹ
ȻѣΨһķʱʱƣվǻһЩˣԵɺϡʴӱлԵ֮ʼջǻַҪʿȼ
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ļ֮ӵ˲μսʸ񣬵ʵļ޷弶
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Ժŵ˵û⣬ôһӤڸ֣ͿԸļˡʷУֹһεķ
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һһﵽ弶ôҪٵص⣬ԴϣӴĹ֮ߣһʱڽһ⣬ôȴǵģǹɢ
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սһƬѷĿռ䣬ޱ޼ʣ˸ڸֵԼռ϶
һ紵ΪﵽӤڣ̻ᱻɻҡ
֮⣬ĪĻҪǲ֪ʱͻȻֵĿռѺۣһʿУӤϹ֣Ҳһ١ֻǿߣսȥ硣
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֮ˣԼŵرΪӣ˵ɵĻϡ
ӵһı־˶Ŀ˼Ϊϸ񣬵һҪսʤǧΣ򡣵ڶڹ涨ʱڣڣһ弶Աγһѭ
սս弶Ψһķʽͬ飬ÿһ϶ݣһ˵ϵǲ弶֮սǶ⣬ѹǻǣֵܳڶֻΪټˣݴ󲿷ֵ弶Ʋ⣬߼Ҫй
սսƵܶʬϣҪ˶ʱսϸҪֻһЩϣڵ͵ȼ˵ŵر
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ǲĵȼڵģԹҲˣΪ˻ýսĹǲ˾ȵĴڡ
⣬һ޴󷨷ӡǼǧǰļһڸ֣ǰµģǴﵽᵤϡµߣ޷롣
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Ļɱֻ֣еʮ
ʱ˿̣ȣ֪һɱ˶ħΪ߲ɲ⣬˷Ѿﵽ˽ᵤڣȴ֪ͨʲô˹ڡ
ھڣһֱ򱱲ȥڷӾңеɱӵɱˣûмˣŨ
һƬհף֪ӵɱ˶ˣ֪Ҵ֮ѾŷɥĿɫĵز
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ΡӴνеüͷ


һ ֮
µʱڣħ˫չ˶εսÿ˫ʿֺ󣬶֣ͣ׷ÿһ·߹˫ټ򶷡
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ɫСѪ֮䣬Ҳ˷ɽ˼ԡ
ҪԱٴμɽȻɫһʶ̲ڶ⣬Լϰٵ˷׷һˡ
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߳ڣܿȥֻϰ˷ֳݣһΧм䣬ʱΧУһ߳ȭ˵ɽʦܣʸֻҪһ͹ҪôʲôгȻΪ㡣
޷ڵУһһ˵ɽƣˡ
ǰΧ֮ˣǵںɽǴǰоһڣھֻΪҪ󣬼ҲһԽ룬ֻ󲿷򲻻ᰲһڵ˵صġ
ɽܸ֮ΪһЩٵķҩ֮⣬һֿǾ͵
룬ͬʱһԲԷķֻⷨõĴˣͻʧȥЧ
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ڵĵӱסɽ²ãĵĴںõĵص룬ո߳صͱ˷֣ǻæ֮ܡ
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ɽſڵϣоЩ죬װŵ̧ͷһʱԴ˵һʧ㡭֣
Ŀɨɽһۣŵ˸æȴ˾κˡ
ȴķ֣ԼֵĲ֮࣬żʱ䣬ԷȻ˵ΪնɱʿɽֵĽʵ̫ˡ
ֵĻ˲ɵ뵽ָղնɱʿ⣬ԼڶĴţĵ׾һ֮һ̾һĿһۣ˵ѣܸܲңʲôΪ
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һ
һЦҡͷȻΪֲԸ˵ʵһĴӳһƣתƮڷʸ񣬴֮ҵȾ뿪˵ء˵꣬һʿѸϷȥʧӰ
˴ͷʧȥƵɣҲ׷ǰҴеӵĴʾⲢûжƺ뿪ˡ
ϻһƵɣͷŮӳһûнǿڴ˵صһɣ޷ȡ
޷ȵͷߣһϡͷͷ˫Ŀ˸ΪȻﵽٵ磬ֻչǱ꣬нᵤĿܡ
֣ЦСޣϷҪллŪƣƣԹˡ
ϻڵͷüͷչ˶˼ʮˣŮȥ
ɨһۣհĿͶǿϣ˵һĴʱһɫƮڰա
¶ı飬ΪղָɾɱˣԼҲһʵҲڶˣΪԼΪͶԷ൱ټԼֳ޷ر֮һ׷ɡȲʤȯ
ʱۿԷóһ۵С㣬һЦͬźȵ˺󣬿ϷСӡ
˵գһʱһСɡתȦתųУСɡϻڶɫͼΪƯ
޷ȵӣߵĻǿǰɡɫ΢䣬׷ײ˺ߣһֱ˵ʮ⣬¶˿ӡ
һץһĿɿڴɽѸȥһˣһɫզλײȥ
¶м֮ɫһСɡʱɡ৵һˣһɡ򿪵˲䣬
ʱһɹַȻ֣ɡܴţɡϻŵĽɫ棬·һӻ˰㣬ɡʱһƬȡ
һ̣ɫСɡΧĹַ磬һƬɫ˲Ͱɫס
ɫ糣ŲδͣĵĬ
ڹַɫУһ˲Ŀ䣬ŨҫʱһΪһȦɫĻβƣ糱ˮǵľŭһ㣬˿
һĻڣգۼ䣬˰ĻγȦѾƳٶԶ
磬֮ʱ⼫£ȻΪһƬƬϵ£ţǽɫ棬ɫûüϨ𣬾ͱסϸ䣬֮еĽ𣬷·ȼһ㡣
޷ȵķ׷ɡְ̱򿪵ӣһɫıǡ
޷ȼٵΪߣûüӦȻŵԼмɫı˵
޷ʮ߸ӣǸܵԶļһҲȻӲ˽٣׷׻Ϊ
ԲڣûһڣϢ壬ǼΪĽ
ɽһƬհףĿǰľĵȻ𾪵ޣſû˵һ仰ֵĿ⣬ȴ
ϻڳ˼ʱ˽٣ʱ⣬ȴĿɿڴŲ֣ΪֱĿ⣬ǡ
޷ȵǰĻΪһĻӾ𺳣ŲԶʮ̬ı񣬺ϻڵͷŮӣɫ԰ûκѪɫóʸƣСķڵϺֺȻƣһм飿
Ůһǿѹ־֮⣬µ˵һ߿顣
ɫ糣ﰵԼ㣬УϺϻڵǿ飬һĿ飬ȫˡ
ǰҹ˵ڵʸԷƣôټ֮ǰ˾ͽѵһ򵥵ĽνսԼ˴𰸣ŮһۣȻ˵
սʸм
Ůһһԥһкէ̴֣˸æ˵ֻ˵Լ˵ĲϸǵöԷɱģǴæֲһ߿ƣս֮ͨʱгûб٣ôͻȡԹսʸ񡣡
ֿ˶ԷһۣŮľ˵ѣҡʣµƣ֪һ䣬Źңȫʵ档


һһʮ ü
˵ɡɫ糣Ե
Ůһҧɿ˵ڵļأӦûһЩΧǸղżץɽûȥעҿ϶һơ
ɽɫ˲䣬ţͿЦΪֵĿ⣬ϡ
üɽ˵ѣȥ֪Ϊʲôһֵ˫ۣ̲סĵ׷ָоʼӣҲûй
üϣһԺнֳһĵŮòɽֿڵˣ
ɽĽĵ˵ͷ˵ʼʩġ
ֳĬɵ뵽˵ںɽһĻĻòٴθĵףһʹ
һץץŮɽһԾڿնŮӾʧ룬ʱ¶һƬʪŮӵ̻һƬ
ʲôλáüͷ΢壬հŮӷԶһЩ
Ůŵŵָһɽȫ˵ֿһԸϸָŵ·ֶ˵Ѹٷɳһᣬ˵ָ£ڵļء
һƬǽ壬ȻղŴ˵ؾһ񶷣ָһһӣŮɽˤڵϡ
ˡֿŮһۣתͷңڼء
ŮСˣһֱ˵Ѹټɽ̤Ž⣬ٶȣɿĶߡ
ɽڵˣٻɣֻҪƣɱˡƽ˵
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һᣬϺȻðɫ⻷Ĺ⻷ԽԽγһľ޴ӡ
ڣԼʮˣϥأÿ˶ӡʮм䣬һȻĶŮӣׯϣ˫ֳɱƿ״ͷƮһѷ˿׷īһȦȦβƣɢ
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СĺܰҪڵƣ磬ʶʮУվһߣɫ֣Ц
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һ漴ЦɵﵽڣҲûʸҵǰڳԣ˵꣬һ˦ӣһ쫷ƽضתۼ䴵ǰ
ֶ㶼㣬쫷ոٽǰɣȻ仯һƬƬڵϡͬʱ̹һһؿڳһ˿ڣȫ̳Ϊ
ǿҵĸоԼ֮󣬷·һֱһɱ⣬öζЩƲסҲͲٿơ
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ʼգû˵һ仰˫ۣȴһֱ֡
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ֶ󣬷ƣһ˼ԥĿ飬ֻһ鴧봢ڣһУʯ飬ѶڷֲһЩԤ󷨺ֿʼ˱չء
ҪΪºĴսó׼


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һ߿飬ĿǰΪֹɽ飬һ飬Ʈһ飬ϻһ飬һһ顣
ȥʬڴߵǿ飬Ҳ˵߿ƣһ顣
ֳ˼ȵˣûзһ飬ȻҲųܱ˲ڱ𴦣ֲѰң߿ƣռ㹻ˣͻϱ֤ԼԽս
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ɫ֮ǰĵһУֻһǲδںϵĵһƷǶһĳǿ
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˰죬ȻóһԲ飬ʯСֻܶ࣬ȭͷʮ֮һСǳ⻬ûκλƣԵλûһЩϸѺۡ
Բ飬ֲɵ˹˰ǹ˰͸ĵһ̾һ˼ӣ˫Ŀ
֮¶һ˿ɭЦ⣬·ŻشЩſ³һ̹⡣
ɫɽƯǰһ
ӸоԼ󣬿ƷɽһͰĸоǰȻı죬ɽ֮ǰǿһѿͰķɽ˵ǾԲġ
ԣִʱ䣬¼һ·ɽ
˫ִסɽһĴһ«УԼѪķ±Ǯģһҧ򿪺«󣬵Լ֮һҺ塣
Һ壬һּ䣬ƮڰգںһγһȭͷСˮ飬һ˿˿֮ɢܵĶǽڣ৵ĳһ㱡ĺ˪
һָˮ飬ˮһײɫɽĽϣˮ㣬Խ£ܿɫСþӨ͸
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Һ͸ҺУܿ죬ɽҺ壬Ѿ˵ɫ
ִ˼ٴҧ⣬ѪҺʳָлţÿһţһ˦ɽӡϡ
ģԽԽ࣬һᣬѪҺȫֿ꣬۷ɽ˵һؿڣʱܶؿһѹһļ侫Ѫ˳
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ʱɫСӵľˣһ˿˿ɫڽʱ֣ʱʧΪĪ⡣
ѷɽϸڣĿ磬ָһ㣬αչһµʱ䣬ʣµһ£׼ģڳ֮գΪͻڣﵽڡ


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һڣͻмϴķʩչʬڵϣܹһֻٻս
ΪӭսٻԪʱԶ»죬ֽʾ֭һпϵֶΣȫʩչ
˾óһ«ӣξռ䡣
жʱûξռˣܻɵĿռ䣬ޱ޼ʣڿռϷƮһɫʣѹѹһƬ̧ͷȥһǿҵѹָȻ
ܳڶ೤εķ壬ɢʵĹߡǰξռʱЩǾֹģˮԲЩ·ע˻һ㣬ʼ޹Ʈ
վڿռڣһԵĳηϣֱӴ͸ȥЩ壬·ֲһռ䣬ƾȥ
ˣȴԿƣ˵һܵķ֮ƶͼɢֻ໥ۣ룬һһӦ
йⷢ飬ѯʹ˾ͽϣ˾ͽҲ㲻ףԭ漫죬ξռֻһðˣڳʱ֮ã˾ͽϷ
ֻ֪ݣһǿߣӺԭ˸ǵġ
ʵȴˣ֪ͻȻðļǿߣΪǿ󵽲˼飬Щʿ˾ͽչ˷׷ɱƵòڣŵԽӹ
ʱ˾ͽַ˵׷ɱЩʿԲϵˣ˾ͽϷǳ϶磬ǿȫʶ˾ͽܳΪһ֣ΪȻǿ
ԷļˣΪ൱ֻһˣ˾ͽϿȫ϶ԳԼ˵ĳ֣ҲҪ֪˾ͽϵҲ٣ԷԼΪ൱˾ͽϱϾǱǿߣռ˵˺ϡ
˳ֺ˾ͽ֪ѰȭҲǰ״һһ˵ΪͲһΡ
˾ͽԼһ𰸣Ӧĳ߼
뵽𰸵ͬʱУӵˡ߼ĶһǺı
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˾ͽϷԷ߼ôһѰǼΪ򵥵飬ԱҪһ
ԺлЩ飬ĵΪȻ˵Ƿãʱ䣬ѾΪˣʱܣ˵ֱһЩΪÿһ磬ͻӦӡ
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ͬģԪӤʿУᵤڣʵҲˡٱȽϵĻӤϹֵУµʿͬ磬ɱɱ
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ǿ˶µĳ̶ȣſԲ۸
ԼڵΪﵽ˻ڻӤڣɱ߾ɱۼҳˣٻԪҲ˵֣ȥҸĸʵһжʵֻгΪǿߣſԾ˵ĵ׽ʹĿ¶⡣
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һڣٴγʱȻξռ䣬ֻܵľвֵͬǰһԼɵľˣϥƮڰգ鲼ķ塣
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ʱ˫۽գš
ֿžˣⲻһμ˾ͽϵԪӤÿοǼΪ𺳣ԭΪԪӤô޴ô˾ͽ֮ǰǸӴ


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˾ͽϸӤڣԪӤһ̣һУԪӤԽԽ󣬵ȴı䣬ֻԪӤʱŻˡ
ϥأó«һں󣬿ʼڡ֮Ϊ˾ͽ˵Ļָ
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˵ʿԽԽ࣬⽥ȻгҼߡ
ھⷽԲǧ֮ڣΪÿһεʢܳڶ෻УҪ֪սĿǾۼԹ󲿷ֵʿôʿۼڴˡ
ЩУϳΪԹÿһĽгˣЩУɵʿﲻַǷ
ܶĲϡ½ĳ֡
һգۼʿǾԹڴССɡ
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ЩСɡԼɢޣûʸսģˣΪһ÷ɣҪ֪սĿǰһΣ˵ڿһ̣ͨɢһڣɱȵƽ
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ⲻԶħɵԪӤڸ֣һ˲䣬˹ٻԪݵӰҲС
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һԵϹƣȻ˵֣֪üΪû


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Ϲһۣ˵ʦ˼ȥӭͨʹߴȥˣһͻ
ʱٴ𣬹ֹۣͣ׷ײĿٻԪսȭͷĶ󷨣⣬ֻҪһ֣һ˿ϵ˲˲Ƶߣץסض̡ܾ
󷨹âҫۣ߳ʮˡ
ٻԪ֮ɫŨٴϵһ꣬Ц֣ᵽٻԪСˣ»ȪˣҴﵽԪӤں󣬼֮Ѱ㡣
ʿٴۿ
ʸ̫ˣǵһ֮࣬ԽԽ٣ôڶıȵһҪࣿ
죬ԤУεǳ졣
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ǺϻڣʶӱĸɧӣֻҪһ֣ʮأҾŵϵɧζ
ûǺϻڣ
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ϻڵһͷɥɫӵ»ǰӵŮӱɿӳһ
»üͷһ壬ӹڶͷʶһ̽ʱɫһ䣬ӱ˻棿
ӱʼ棬
ĵӣȻ֪ݣһ̵ͷ
ɨһۣӳ»ùһ֮Цһһʱ鿪ɷɻɢ
Ȼ֮УһĿעӶ»תͷȥֻǣ˵ͷ
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ٻԪüͷ˳»ۣкȻйɲĸоȴ֪ʲôط⣬ʵ벻ͷһٴɫСϵһꡣ
ʱٻԪħɣҲ쳣˴Щɻ󣬲֪Ʈϻڵĵӣ˵ЩʲôʹԪӤڸ֣ɫ
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ȹһЦ˵λĳˣΪЭϼʹ߿ͨԲǵĽʸӸ棬λɷġ
ˣƮڵİ׷֮⣬پŵǸߡ
ͬȣվڹһƬյϡʱԪӤڸ֣׷׸棬վһԡ
˸ᣬվڰ׷ߣһⷢ׵Ʈڵĵһ֣üˡ
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ĸɵģٴ
֮Ҳû˲³ɣǷ׷ײĿ
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ȵͷЦ˵ȷ˿
ŵĸߣüͷ¿˿˵ҹѾȻû
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뵽ȺȻ޷ȵԪӤڸ֣ɫ糣˵޷ȣҲûаھȣʸȡǰ͸ɣԵƵɣƣӵơ
޷ȵԪӤڸ֣һߣϲûκα飬ֻɨٻԪһۣû˵
ٻԪͬĬΪ޷ȵĿʼ棬ΪҲļߵĴۣŰõ֡
ʱٴٻԪкȻһоһ˿֮ڽӽ¶Ѫ֮ɫ˫ۣ󷨣ֻһ֣ͻ˲Ƴȥ


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˸߳һˣ
ٻԪҪ˲ƣȻһǸӰŭڵһ˸Ͳ֣޷ȵһڵĵӡ
ٻԪɫȣںɫСһʮ֣꣬Ĭ
ǵһ֣æܵٻԪߵǰͨһڵϣ˿־壬˵ʼ棬ǶˣʦҲˣҾԶӹһ١
߶ŵӣȻһͷϣȻˣҲö˵꣬ǵӵԴ类һˡ
һ΢紵ѪζɢĿôµЩСɵʿǣһɫЩŹ֣޷ȵͻȻֹͣٸ̸޷ȡ
ܶʱһƬʱ
߳϶࣬һһ½ĳٻԪɨһۣڵĵӣȻȥ
Ȼ䣬ٻԪɫһӿɱһ˲ʧٴγʱȻڵߣЦĺȵڳˣ˵ţһץŸմ߳һͷץ˹ȥ
˫ĿһٻԪץ˲䣬ʧʱѾڰգţܺȻ
ɱ˴ʦ֡
ǵƣʼ棬
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Ǵӹڳĸɵӣһ̼׷׺ڹڣǾ֣Լҳߣһʱ׳
ٻԪû뵽ԷȻ˲ƣһ֮±Էţһɭ֮ɫ֣ҿܣ
ʱһдӺϻڴ
еƶУ飡
˻һԹʿһȻĿȫеǸꡣȣҲ¶Ȥ֮ɫ˼ۺ¶Ȼ֮ɫ漴Цҡͷ
λѣɱĳв֮𣬽նɱƷȫҪ谭ҪĳٻԪһ
ȴʱȻЦãԹʿҪ֣ҵҪٻԪҲҳɱ
ȴһ˾һ㶣ȻۣЩ²˻ĺ塣
ٻԪǰţȴüͷЩ׶Էĺ塣
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еԪӤڸ֣ĵԻ
ʱĿʿעĿûа㲻ʣ΢΢̧ͷһӴϢʱϢΪǿٰ㣬ٿ꣬ͷ޷Զһ˿˿ɢ
ܵʿħɵԪӤڸ֣¶֮ɫٻԪԭ׼˲ƹȥ뷨Ҳֹס
УΪڼٵ˵֮꣬Ǵûп顣
ΪѸٴﵽڣִﵽڣͻᵤ磬һ·ᵤڡᵤڡᵤڡ
⻹û꣬˽ᵤڣһεĲΪĵ㣬৵һɢһһߵԪӤȻͷðһ¶ͷ˻ȥ
ܼžĿ£˶ĿɿڴǰһĻ޷󣬾ȻǰΪڣһ·ԪӤڡ
⻹û꣬˫̧ӱֱվΪԪӤһ·ͻƳڣﵽڣˣֹס
ʱһаͷİڶһָٻԪڣһһֵ˵㣬ɸһս
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ٻԪɫΪѿŰе꣬ʱȻ˸ղȻĺ壬һ˲ʮ֮⣬ɭ˵֣ҲӵԪӤΪĻܽȣҪ֪ȵƣ£ͽȥ


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ٻԪûмڳ֣ҲǾɲϽͲܴﵽԪӤڣǰһĻȴòţԷϢʶԪӤһ޶ټϸղŶԷȻԪӤڲſյ˲ƣЩһڱԷĵȷȷԪӤڸ֡
ԪӤҲͰˣٻԪҲһƴɶԷֳΪȻԪӤڣͽٻԪòСĽˡ
ʱ˿̣ˣȫע˰еϣûκ˷֣ͨ󷨣Ȼɿ˸һ£һ̶꣬߳ͨڵİŰеٻԪڶԷϵĺɫС죬࿴˼ۡ
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ʱȻһǰֵѹٴ٣նʱɫ֣ѹѹһƬ
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˵꣬˫ִĺڹ⣬ڹͬԣ໥βһγһ޴ԲΡ
Բγֵ˲䣬غȻ·ʧȥһúããһƬеĹâȫɵԲȦȥأһ̣ΨһģֻǹڰյԲȦ
˴һӣӳһʯͷʯͷһ֣̱鿪һӵķţɿӡԲȦ֮УţԹڣеȫƼ
һαۿɼֻһŨܵ˷޾ӿ˹ȫԲȦա
գԲȦϵķţճһ·ĤʣⱡĤ͸Ŀ棬һƬ޵Ŀռ䣬ʬ壬ѵķĲϣڱĤһߣƮ
ʱ֣վھͨİδյ䣬һֱٻԪһɫ
յ䣬Ԥϣ֮ǰļƻţĿɿ㣬ģ¶һ˿Ц
ʱ˵֣Ȼһתʳָָ⣬һѪҺһѪԹʿУһ㣬ٵԲȦеıĤ֮ϡ
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е꣬˫һӣһɫȻէһͬΪ㣬žһʱܳ
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ʱһһٻԪѾ¶ɭɭѪڴһȷ磬
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Щû˿赲ĳڣͬ˿һ㣬ȥͳˡ


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ٻԪɫã粻ϸ룬һߺˣһӳͼֹЩۻûʣ޷ֹǾȫЩֱӴ͸һһٻԪϡ
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ٻԪѪֻ֮оһ΢紵Ǿڣȴ˲䣬ͷϢɢˡ
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˵һӣһ̹һ䣬˿˿ٻԪ˲
ٻԪЦӲˣǰһͣͬʱһץϼһǻڶΣδ˰ɣ֣Сô˵ţѾץ˷ɽ֮ϡ
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ٻԪʱԷ֣ѾץĴϡ
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ͬʱһץץסͬһ˳Զ
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ȣڿī˲䣬Ȼɫ䣬ʧǡ˵꣬տڣ˵һԾͨڣŸո˫ԵԲȦͱصĵ˻
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ˣɢˣйֵĹ£Ҳһʱ֮䣬Թߣ֪ôһˡ
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ЩҲڣ˵ΪµսǴ粽УĹء
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ڸ˿æͷ˵ǰҿǵīˣռѺˡ
꺺ǴԹ׷ݣһ·Ͻ׷ϣԽ׷ԽľӵٶȣȻ£֮£ȫȥٶȲûԽԽ졣Щ˦
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ڰ·ϣû뵽ʹӺ󣬾ȻٶȻҪһЩǰ档
ĵ׼Ϊջռ価ܴܺ󣬵֪ﻹб߼ʵģɿռѺڣǼޱ޼ˣǻȥѰӤڵľǿȥѰңҲǴ룬ã
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Щռѷ죬ӵһƬǺνޱ޼ʣ˱ŰԼص


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Щռѷ죬ӵһƬǺνޱ޼ʣ˱ŰԼص
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սĿռѷ죬֮ǼʹӤڸҲΪ֮ɫ£ڵܱҪˡ
ЩֻһоЩռѷ죬˭Ҳ֪浽ӵʲôطֻǴЩŲƳĸֿе֪ѷһƬڰʲôҲʶǱ׽ڣ޷ɢ
ʱڿռѷڣȻһ㣬Ưϸȥܷڹ֮Уһ֮΢˸
ʱȥҲ֪˶ãǹһֱƮͼ֮ɢļ
µָһζȫڵͼ֮Ѿֻʣ˻硣
һգȻһ޴ӰԶƮٽϸһӰȻһӴʬ塣
ʬ忴ħһϸȴɷʬĶͷϣӡĲǴӣһѸͷ
һѺɫĸͷ
оħڴˣϳ⸫ͷŴǾħħ˵Ϲħ塣
ڽӴǹһ˲䣬Ȼһ˿ʬȻɢڰջһֻͷ˫ǵ̰ĶŹ㣬һȥ
ǿռѷеһ֣һʣʬ塢ꡣ
˲䣬ȻҪܣһɲǣ̱룬תۼʧӰֻǾӴ壬Ʈڰһ
֮󣬹㽥ڵͼ֮Ҳʢ
һ̣֣ˡ
׼ȷ˵꣬ˡ
ѵһ˲䣬ûκεʶֻһ֮һֺܡ䡱ĸоֵʶд
ʱʶУһܴĻԴԴɢаϢûκԥ˹ȥ
ֻǹ㣬৵һ£ӾʬĶͷ˽ȥƽ
һſ˵ħʰΧֵʶĲĸоĹƽʱٴȹһҪ֮ǰֲǾʬ壬һֱƮ
֪ǲΪʶԭֻ֮ǰ˿״ܻζɶ˻ɶգһǱգʶԽԽ׳֮ҲԽԽʢ
ԽˣԽигֲ֣֪ЩУּʬ壬ͷ·һ޴ķ壬ڰ쳣
ֲ֪ʱ˶ãԴѺ󣬾һֱڻججֻǵԼѾ֮ÿһ͸оʶһ֡
һ죬ԼһĻʮ븸ĸһʱ⣬˺ɵӡգٻԪ
һɱʶ֮вתۼ䣬һУ˾ͽĹͷðվҰ뵽ս˿ռѷ졣
ڽռѷ˲䣬ӣȻһЩŹֵĸı䣬׼ȷ˵ʧˣʧӰ١
ִʱȴĸоӲûʧһķʽ뵽ֵ֮У˵ڻˣֵ꣬һ
ҲΪˣЩǿ֣Żᱻһһɡ
˾ͽϣû뵽õĳ˯֮Уڳ˯ǰһ£ǰָĸĻǣԪӤ֮Уһ˯
ֵĸĸ޵֮ˣлḴ߶ᣬֻ֪ѸĸĻߣԸǻɢ
ָȫ֣ԼʶѾΪӴ󣬾˵ʬ壬ƺЩܲסʼ˱
֮£ʶһӾ˵ʬ뿪ĸоٴγ֣Ʈ֮УѰһʬ塣
һ̣ã֮УÿѰһʬ壬ڣͬģЩص֣Ȼǲϵɡ
ʶӵ׳󣬽ģǿ֣Ϊֵһϰߣɱɣ
˵̫ˣõѾԼļ䣬飬Լǰÿһ£ϸķˣʵ¿ȻõǱ顣
̻ϵݣʼϵݡһֱĻ󷨶׵꣬ٴ¿ĵز
УֲֹһεĿпռѷĳڳ֣ʶ̫ӴģӴ󵽸޷ϸСѷ
֣ʶĲ׳ȻܴϸÿײѷֱļֻײҲֻ12Σ֮ѷͻԶʧ
12εײ޷ѷ֪Ϊʶ壬ǲӴǣΪ˳ѷ죬ֿʼ˷ɡ
ȥѰʬ뷨ޱ޼ʵ֮Уɿƶÿʣӿȥֱɡ
ãÿѷʱ᳢ײļԽԽأֻ֪ҪԼȥһ2ײѷͿɱһ졣
ʱĶȹַ֮е֣ƺȫʧˣѰңҲҲһֻ
ǣӴķΧȻһ죬һֲµʶ壬ֵһη֣ȻкԼʶ
ˣһģֵʶ֮С
һͬķʽһʶ
ô뿪
뿪ΪʲôҪ뿪޷뿪Էʶ˿ʧˡ
ֳĬӶԷĻУһ˿壬ռѷڣͬһʶ壬ӦһЩܻиǿʶ
˴֮䣬ӦصĴڣһ磬пܻһ񶷣ɡ
һֵת򣬽һһӴʶ壬֪ͨʵ޷12ײռѷġ
ֻعľļΪᶨú뵽һļƻһգʶȫɢܿͰȫסʶɢԽ󣬲ԽǾҡ
еĹ۲ʶΧÿһλãȻĳһλóһϸ΢Ŀռѷ죬ûκԥʶ̽룬ڽһ˲䣬Ȼն˿ʶʶ˳Ľռѷڣѷʧһ˿ʶҲʧȥӦ
ûκĲȴһѷĳ֡


һٶʮ ֻع
ƣ¹ڵӣʱһ޴ĸʯϣԼ⼸սƷʱȻĴ
üͷ΢壬óڶͷʱһٵʶ
48λãһʶ
սʶĺѸ˾ڵΪʱɱ˶ᱦϵΪĬ
꣬ɫ΢䣬¶ϲ֮ɫʶս֮֮ķϡ١
ֻЩǿߣ֮ԪӤ壬ԪӤֱ֮󣬲ŻмСļʣһ˿ʶɢ
ʶľƲ֪ļǵãڽսһ̣ϼʹгһӣǰʮλģȻʶһ
ǵϵĶǵõϽɣһһĽ뵽Ƹо˵һǷȥ
֮󣬷ִ˵Ѿۼ˺ܶˣԶһ޴ӣһ޴ɫߣǹƮڰգһ
˫¶̰Ŀ⣬˵һĴóһڵĲӣһ·˹ȥ
˵֣ĵȴռѺ۵ĳ֣֮ʶΧڣȻ˰˸ѷ졣
ֵʶ̽룬ϣͳ˵ʶ
Ḷ́һֱڳֵʶԽԽ٣ͳȥʶѾ
սʱ䣬һУԴǰͻȻֵʶߺսԱΪ֮ģ֮󼸺ÿ죬ʶս
ʶൽ޷һĻȻϼע⣬꣬ϼȴûһ̽
սڣڼȶһЩĪԭ˳ȥ˽
ף⻹ǳڿռѷϣʮսռѷ̫ˣǼڵĵط鼸
ġ弶ǿǣõĴսȻӽıԵʱһԪӤڸֽ룬пʰĴ
޸Ǵ̫ˣ֪սдʶ֮Ҳǲ֧޸ķã⻹Ǽ弶˴˷̯֮ء
ҪģսֻһʵûҪȥ޸һҪսһ˵սڷӹ𲻵Чʱսͻᱻ
Щǿ߰˼ģսԤ㻹ʹټǧ꣬Ϊʲôȴڶ̶̵ʮ䣬ͻȻٶء
ǲ֪һеԵɣʵҪ׷ѰֵͷϣʱײҲˡ
ռѷʱ䣬սŽȻĲͬڿռѷжȹһ꣬սֻһˡ
׼ȷ˵ڿռѷײѷʱ䣬˵7꣬ʵϣȴ700ꡣ
700ײսļٶ񻯡ڣûκһ弶ʿҽս
ֻܴ룬ЩʿȡȫѰʶȻͳһ󣬽뿪
ʱ䣬ʶԽԽԽԽСڵѾټжʶڵȣȽϴѷ֡
һգʶΧڣڳһĿռѷ죬ֺԥ˽ȥ
һⷨ뵱ǵīһǿԶ֮ΪѾƣ׷졣
ЦǰǰѴϹķɽûбȥڶ׷ϣҲôۡ
ӣ뵽ī⣬ʮֹһεĻīڵʲôȻܱħ׷ɼһǼ˲õ취
ÿ뵽̲ס̾
ͨ粻ƫƫʮ޾ҪˣŴ򿪣ô˵Իؼˣ̫ΣˣЩͻȻֵʶֵģȰɽŪ֣ͻص㣬ٺ٣СʦãһҪҰǧӦʦ֣ǸĵֻҲǶһƬֹţǰ׷ȥ
ʮȥˣСʦڵױʲôˣս˵פãӦҲʮɣҪ̫ţһǷˣߺߣսļʮˣֻʣʮ˻ţλȥᱻص࣬ǰӵõƿҩһഺפҼǻȥˣҲǶʮСӣʱʲôӵ椣ҲٺһЦֻоȫ˶ٶȺһ֡
䣬ȻԶѸٷɵ磬գۼٽһ̳ǰķɽһΣ¶Σֻһʮ꣬Ŀһץס˷ɽ󿴶ֱӽתɭɭĶ
ʱһҲ£һµˣվЦЦĿ
ɫ΢䣬ʧƣĵ׽п࣬Է˵ǰԶԶļһ۾ϳ˳ǽ壬רϲɱ˶ᱦ
ϵ˺´ֱӸǰƣλѣЩеջ񣬶ˣλȥֻܱ
һʶһɨһۣЦҼûģҲʶʱģˣһΣ
˿Ҫ˿Ȼɫһ䣬һѪһѷɽؿڴ͸ӲĸоţתŸѪģ˵㡭
һ֣ɽɻأ䵭˵ҿû˵㡣˵꣬һһۣԶȥ
Ɔ꼸֮ʵҡҡͷȥףǸѴԼЭ飬˭˭ģᡣ
ǸղѴ˸Ҳǻ
ʶѾģǰֳСʦõӰı˫ۡʱȻʬһԳһ޴Ŀռѷ죬һӴʶһԾ˳
ʶֺһͣ٣ڣ֮͵˫ۣһ
ǰ˿ڣۿɼٶѸܿͻָһ䵽µĿд
ٻԪֻˣʶ飡
Ȼ䣬ս֮ǰеʶڱ˵Ĵ߱ڣֻڱᣬеʶһ̣ȫ
һʶսĸطѸٴӷڷһе֮أۼ
δйĻңսÿһʶʿУ


һٶʮһ ֪
ˣһӴ֯ɶٸԱɣ˼֪⣬һŲ֪
ΪԱͱ׼Ǵﵽӵǡ
һ˵ֻҪ˹ʵϣӵԱ˵ûǸʱ䣬ȥһһ
ԣ˵ڱ
ȸ˽ʮʱ䣬ͻͽٶȴһﵽΪʱٵ֮һ
ΪȸһΪı־Ҳ֮ͳһΪȸǡ
ȸϣȸ־
ȸǹʮ˸弶Ǵﵽ弶׼һ̣ʮս
Ҳ˵ȸǣսֻһٰʮÿ̮һԵһǿϻѼӴ򣬷ûκεķ
սοٶЩռѷͨ弶˵֪˵սķڽʱͳһͣҪ󣬲й¶Ļᱻ
ÿһ弶ƿڶļͬģÿһļŸ
һĹ涨棬Ƿչ
Թȸǵңܿļƿߣʵ弶ħ塣
ÿսԹԪӤڸ֣ᱻ٣κ뷴ɵλʼ棬ˣòȥȥĻɿɱδ֪ȥɱ˵Ҳǲѷɡ
ʵͬ飬ÿһңˡ
ﾺǿʳǿߵһ仰ֻӣֽܾܾпķУ֮ˣȷ˸п롣
ֻЩ߸ϵУ磬棬һӴ¯ǷҲã֮Ҳãڱ
Ϲʱڣ֮˽ģ׷ģһ֮ˣ˵ĸоƮݣǳɷ磬ġ
Ϲʱǳͻĺƽ˵Ȼ𣬵ʣѾȫķ顣
ʵ֤ˣ棬עһ·ߣֻгǿʳﾺ֮·ȥΨһѡ
Ȼ֪յĽΣ룬Ϊֹ˵Ĵ£ʵҪԶԶĳϹʱڣ㣬㹻ˡ
ʱ˿̣弶ħĳսڣһı仯ڳ֣֮ǰڻʶʿȫϻ̳Ͽ֡
սͬһһ㣬ʶĳȥ
ţѾ̮ԵսܲסʶĲʼֻ̮һսȻ֮ѿһ޴Ŀӣͷ·Ǳһֻεľ޿һ룬Ϣš
ͬʱһӴʶǾ޴ĿС̽޼ɵӻԾһֵģд֣ǵɸɾЩ״
ͬһĻսطҲʼ֣һӴʶ̮γɵľ޴ռѷ
֣֮һӵϣ˾ˣϣûȳһҲΪ
սʿǣһóȫǱһܣŴķȥһͻᱻɵ
ֻһ⣬һеķɶš
Ӵʶֵ˲䣬ĿһȻʶϤڿռѷڵھӡ
ʱɢȥʶһһĻع飬ÿعһݣʶ׳һ֣ģֵʶĴﵽĳ̶ȡ
ֲżϥ£Ӧİ壬ʱ֣һĴԶƮԶԶĿֺһԥǻǰƺʵ޷ζǰһ£һӵϡ
ھּʮʱ͵˫ۣĿк˸֪
ӴʶȻɢЩһһ㣬־ļУ˿
û˳Զͱֵʶ׷ϣһֻʱȻһӴʶմҪ
һˣٶȸ׷ϣð֮ȫɣʶһ̾Ϣû˵
ִʱʶ󲿷Ȼ壬мһЩ֪Ϊβδս޷ٻʶǿ̶Ͻ뵱޼
λˣʶһɨһ
ʶĲɢתۼɢսӿռѷӴʶڳɣȻΪ֮һ١
Ÿִʶ
ǿû뵽Ĵˡ
˴ռѾ̮Ϊ̻꣬ʹɴ˴ֹ̮ΧӣҲ̻֮һΪʲôҪ棿
̻꣬ҵλð㣬ܳͷǣ̮Ŀռ䣬ҵȴӵ֮ΨһʹǲɣҪ˶ãҲ̻ɡ
Ӵʶ˵һ仰󣬲ûмɣǾֵĻظĿУȻͬȵĴڡ
ǵһ̻֮˵˼ǰļ䣬֪Ǵʱս̮⴫ܲܿδ֪ˡ
ҲҪֹϣս̮ʱ䣬ŻһЩ
ԡ
Ը
Ҳͬ⣬λǵʳֹ
Эһдķȥһ·Ϸλֻ꣬Ҫһֵ֣̾һɢ
һ·ֶ壬ܲӦ˵㲻֮ǰҪϾǶҪһʱļſȫռݡ
ʱûаȫǿʶҪģǾҵһչ֮أͬʱΪߣԱǿʶɱԹ
УֺȻͣһ˹ȥʱ䲻ֻ缱ٵķ棬ʮλ׷ᣬ໥֮ٶȣԽԽ
Ϻٹսĵӣʱһ񾲵촽ͷɢң㺹죬ѵ;ƿݵĵز¶֮ɫʦ֣Ҳ¶־֮ɫһеǰӶݡ
˵սͬţֻʣˡϺҵһЦǰսʮˣ˭뵽սȻͻȻ̮ǳ˴Ĺ߱ϣ̻ɢҲήʧȥѪ⾫ɸʬ
ЩƺΪϲڸʬڣֻҪһʬ壬ľ
սʮˣǰ뿪⡣


һٶʮ ȥɱ
սʮˣǰ뿪⣬ʱ䣬ֻʣϺɬ̾˿Ҵһͷһ۾ԽԽĹı۾вĸֳӰ
һС̰ƫƫƤ۴⣬ͮʦþΪܲˣŪսˣԼγȣˣҲģǰЩӸһҩ˵ºפգҲ֪١
˾֮ģϺƲסĺ˼룬ʱȻʦֽĺܣ
ϺһĿһ۾ͿһüĿ㣬ȴйڣؿ½һƬѪۡ
ʦܣڽˣʦ̾Լʮ꣬¶֮ɫ
ɨһۣû˵ʱ׷ʮλ꣬Ȼȫͣס֣¶֮ɫ
һʶдһɲ

ʮλʱֵĻ˿תۼɢһա
ϺĿǰһĻôҲ²ЩµΪʲôͻȻˣȻתͷ֣ĵһЦԷǵͷѵЩµǾ
ţͷ²⡣սӣҲһͷˮô˵ֽٺĸоȻ˾˿ڴ
ʦڼʸϣµ¿˿æ˵ʦãЩȻ֪Ϊʲôǣ˵ز˾ǻǾϵ󣬿Щ뿪ɡ
Ϻ˸æͷ˵ʦܣΪͣһҪǣЩ˵ϣ̻ɢ
ʱһսӣͷ˵ʲôǲߣˡ˵ţһѸٳͨļ䣬֪˽Ρ
ʦҲæȥһҲԸԭأϺ翴һۣСġ˵꣬һԾǰȥ
ʼնûл˵̧ŲŲæĸں棬֮Ծˣд֮⣬һΪУϺΪмԾ壬ӦðһЩ顣
Ϻ˷УΪӴȡҩǷǳСġϺǶȡһݸֿ֣еҩ裬뵽Լӣӽ֮Һ壬ѵĻָҩ
ϧװͬ«ڶ౦ĴٻԪ飬ȫΪС
ְ̾һʶиоӵĴڣǰѪ֮ķɽҲܸͬо·ڽԼ֮Уֻ²֮̽ʱֳĵ׸ȷս󣬶ҪѰطչء
սڵʿǣ⼸ʱ䣬ֱļƺ˵ûκôΪڴƬ̮Щӿ¡
̮һƬӾϿҲ˺ȻʧˣЩɣȴĿŻǱ̣ҽ֮ɸʬ
Щʿѡķʽˣѡ̮Ǳ̡
սһĴʹ˷ķһĸûй̶ѡ񣬶˵ȥĸһ⴫ֻܴʸ֮ˡ
ǽսߣᱻһ˵ֿ֮⣬þǳΪͻȥ
ûԹ޷ֱͨӻصԹռ壬Զ˵ѵѡڵĻٹ
ҲϺ˵һ˼Աһ
ȻҵơˣȻá
ѾΪɱ֮ˣɱ˲ΪΪ֪ѾˣΪ˲ŻˣҪ
һ·ϣָļ䣬ѾϵھӣΪѰңսеλ꣬һϣΪֵĶĿһ˵Ϣھ̾ͻ֪ͨ
һֱ󣬻û˵Ϣֻ˵ơѾˡ
һܵķУϺ˰˼ǣ·еĹﶼһȫĺӡ
еǳ˹ȴת䣬˹ȥ
һ·ϣ˿νоգѾϰÿľǹŹֵ󣬲ͣסӸı䷽ֻٶԼߺټٷС
һΣһֻͻȻ֣Ϻ磬ոϺ˲䣬Ȼ·𿴼Ŀֲһ㣬Ѹ˿һеĲֻ롣
˲ɵӣ˹飬Ȼɣǰ΢һ룬״𰸳ϡ
ֻϺſڣҪЩʲôջû֮⣬ˣȨû
ǲʣǲʣʱһ仰֣Ҫ
ǽεĵӣ֣˸ĵײ֪ڴʲô⣬ܿɫߡ
ۿвԶ·̣ҪϵĴ󣬸ʿҲ˵Ŀ궼ǰĴ
֮ǰѾʶ̽ǰĴۼһЩˣڵȴһɫĹĻڴϣ𵽱ãڴ⣬ƯŴĸʬЩȫҪ봫ʿܸʱһЩλ꣬һ߾߸ʬȥ
սĴƽʱȫڹر״ֻ̬ڹ̶ʱ䣬ŻῪھ뿪ӣ졣
ЩڴڣŵĶ棬һз紵ݶһ겻ѣģ˷֣ЩλֻǻԲĹĻ
½˷һ֮˷׷˿
ڷм䣬Ȼɫ΢ھӴʶѰҵˣѾڱλ
ûãһֻͷ˫ǵλԶٷԭϺ˲δ⣬ȴλԽԽɵÿ֡
ʱλ৵һͣǰһ˦̷ɳץ
λһУתߡ
Ŀλ꣬Ȼ˵ͣ
λһ٣תӲĿ֡
ֿϺˣǰһͣƮƮλǰɵλ꣬ûһҲаǧˣԼҲûһ۾ͿǰλЩԾ
֮ǰɵλ꣬ʵһʶ״̬壬Ǿ߱һǻֻۣıܣһС
ǰλԲͬģ弫Ϊӣڶ걻ɺ󣬷·ûһ㣬˺ĺۼ
ֺۼ۵һ̶Ⱥλʣ׵ĸıˣĿϸãλϣȻܵһ˿·𵱳ξռڿ˾ͽԪӤĸо
߿˵֮·һֹԡ
ȥɱһָΣԸ


һٶʮ ħͷ
ִ˻һϺ˶ʱɫ䣬Σɫ԰ףæ˺λ˵ȥ
Ϻҧ´ҪֹȴŲڣʦ̾һϸ֮ɫһ
չȫٶȣδԶݶӣǻҵȥҪλ֪꣬ߣȲ˵ܲܿĹλٶȣʹˣսôȫ϶Լ޷Żش
뵽æ˵ǰûκν飬ͬЩ꣬˵٣ǰҡԸΪūţǰ
ν˵ʱλȻЦЦĿһۣһӣλͣ
ζͷڳ亹ȥǹվһԣ˵ǰȻϼĸ֣ҳΪūţԲа⡣˵ţ˫һӡȻ䰴ԼͷʱһξӨ͸Ѫ飬üļڳƮ֡
Ѫֺ˶ʱή̬ŵĿ֡
ִһӣץסѪĿʦϡ
οֽӹѪ˿֪ԼСǱסˣκܴ˵ǵһֹŹֵˣ²ѾˣǰʦܣǱ˶ˣ˵ȥŶˡ
֪֣ԼĿǰΨһĻ·ֲɱֻҪߣҲǱɣͲȥ뿼ǣλɱԼһ̣ξףԷȻͷԼ֪࣬ûװɵʣΪֻӿٵ
δĵطΪɴԸūһͳһ˿ǾѪԷ
õľѪֻҪһͷͻɢû취Ϊֻܼ֣ô
ʱһѸߣɽһָŶˣʱûаԥ֪ȻѾΪūţҪūŸ飬ֻ̬
ӣЦ̾һ˵һĶͷͬüĴƮһλǾѪ֡
ֹŹ֣²Ǳ£һ·ľʱۼѾһΪԷūţϾȣʲôοԷȻϼǰЩλ궼µĸ֣Լ˵ԺһԵ
ͳѪӵĿһߵʦϺ磬Ȱοʦã㡭
Ϻһ֣֣ź촽ǰʱǻ˵꣬Ŀƽ۲գһµĶ֡
仰ֲԾʱˡ
ɨһۣڵ
Ϻ˿ܶԷ˵Ǽ٣ȥˣֱϣΪԷû˵ѣԼڶԷ϶磬ʵûҪ˵ѡ
˵ͳԼǾѪ
ξѪƮǰſУʶ̳΢Ĺ㣬ֻҪһ뷨˾Ϳɻɢ
ʵһ·ϣָûаΣֻҪǰϤ֮ˣͻᷢ쳣ټλ£ֻ΢һ룬̱ܲ²߰˰ˡ
ֲɱ֮ˣ˲Ҳûа취Լ飬֪ڳս֮飬ǾͺܺýˣϾʮʱ䣬ȫԸıһ˵Ը
Ϻ硢ۡ˳Ϊūźһֱ񾭣ɻվϺ֣ĵΪӣ֪Լòǰսڣкܶͬ׷󣬾һһܾ
Ϻģᵤڣѡ˫޵¡ڣԼȻūǶԷ޵Ҫ󡭡Ϻ뵽ĵ׸ӻҡ
ȴֶ֪ԴˣûаȤ
˻ǾѪֶλ꣬°ͺʶϵھӡ
λ꣬Ҫˡ
ھһĬ֮󣬴ظ
̻꣬һûŪΪꡯ޷뿪ġ
λ꣬Ҳǻһֻ֣Ʒ޷ҵȰˣȻǻ꣬;߱ʳͬģǣҵȵʳ
̻꣬޷ֱɱ˻ǵģֻͨλ׳á
ԻǿЩͼ߸ûκεֿ֮Ǹߵȼ߲£λˣҲһλ꣬ҵ˵ūͬʱʳûһлռ䣬ǽʲôĺ
̻꣬ҿԺĸ㣬һλռ䣬࣬ôһƽ٣ռ䣬λֱΪħͷ
ˣôռͻµļռ䣬֮ǰ֮ءЩλУȻһջΪ̻ꡣ
֮䣬ŽɷڣߣᱻĨɱ
Щ飬ǰδţĬƬ̣˵Ǵ˴սʲôռ䣿
˴Ǳ߿ٵĻ֮أ֮䣬ˣλҲȻ޷ӿռѷֻе˵ؼʱҵȽǲܽ
ԣ޷뿪͸˵λˡ
λϲҿ㣬գ㻹ҪҵȻعռ䣬̻ʹ
ھӵʧˣվԭأɫ粻
Ϻ˿һԲվãԽԽĵ׾һ̽
ĵǶԷ᲻ỹģҪɱڣǸǺá
Ϻй޵飬¶֮ɫ
۸ľĸ࣬ĵĲԼһ˿־壬¶ԷԼ塣
ɫһǰȥĿֱָϺ໥ۣæϡλ꣬СԶԶĸں档
ԽǰߣʿʬԽ࣬ÿֽӽʱЩʬ϶λ꣬Ѹÿ
˹ŹֵһĻȻֻӵ˴ʿע⣬Ҳ֪˭ͷֿһۣС
ЩλһС¸һʿ󣬷ûֹһӵϣתۼҽʿǺȻɢ»صĶС
һ֮󣬴ҡҡʬ࣬λأһ˵سΪ˽ûʿһЩõģһ·˽Ҳڽ˲䣬λϡ
Բʮ֮ڣ˴ڵҴԼ⣬ûκλˡ
ԶԶĿŴֳϺ˵˽봫󡣡
˲ҾܾӲͷƤǰȥλƵõδֹˣ˳Ľ봫˺ҵһλãϥ£ŴĿ
һץһλĴӲԶһֱλȻִֵȥ


һٶʮ ɷ
λһ·ţŴȥֶĿͣڵļʮˣλȻ̷׷˿һóĶλһһ
λԽԽ֮ԵĽ֮ɫԽԽŨʱλ˴ĹĻϡ
ɫ糣ﰵ̾һλĻ˲䣬̻Ϊ̣ɢһա̻Ͻ֮ɫʱ˲٣ȷţԱǰȫ
̻꣬ûõģǴռڣǻ̻ᱻɷĨɱ
ʶдһˣֲÿɷɫŴ󣬳˼úĿһ˫£ʱʮλƮ
ЦһָʮλȥȼĲ࣬Ǹ޷Ӷһһɢ
ĿأһߣЩλĻ˲䣬һ˿Ȼ֣뵽λڣλԭ
Ǻ˿γ֣Ϊٶ̫죬ֻܿһӰ޷׼ȷĿ壬һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
˵˼ʶһɨȦסǧλָ꣬Щλ׷˹ȥڴЩʿһɫ԰ûѪɫ˵֮ǰһλֻ꣬£ʮ꣬ΪţôһǧλѾֿˣ׼ȷ˵Ӧǿ֣
Ѿı˫ۣ󲿷ˣǰϣ˹ĻϣͬʱĻ޷ֹôλ꣬Լɱ׼Ҳܱλɡ
һ㣬Ѿõ˴󲿷ʿĹʶ
һǧλ꣬Ļɲǣ׷ײҽɢͬǱһɿ紵ɢ㣬һɢһա
͵վӣˣǺ˿Ǵ޹ĳ֣λʲôλĻ߶ֺ˿
˿Ȼھ˵ĽɷĪĹϵ
Ŀ⽥䣬ʶٴһλ2000ǧλĴ߶£ֿʼɱʽĳ
ʱڵʿǣոմ־ֵ״̬ϢֿʼĵǶĻûģһ·ţѾ˵
ͬһȺײеĶǰΧһȦѣȻһ
ǧλȥ˲䣬һ㣬һֱǸλ꣬¶֮ɫǰ
ֶλ꣬λȻ߱һǻۣܹݰ֮ɫģ⻹ĵһֻλ꣬ɫ䡣
λһܲסʶѹ̳˳ȥһλ겻ֻͬһ·λΪõȻûпʱôţҲܿǺͬࡣ
ʱǧλѾײ˹Ļϣ׷ױͻȻֵĺ˿룬һٵɢһ˲䣬Ǳλ͵س
ͫ͵һգ¶һ˿ϲɫֻǱλİӣѾ˹Ļڣʱһ˿ɲǼ֣뵽ڡ
λ¶ʹ֮ɫȻ˽ȥɿһʿϣʿҽѸٻΪʬ
ʱȻǸʬܳʮ˿һ˽ȥλ̳¶Ϊʹı飬ûԶ̻Ϊɻңʧˡ
ڵʿǣ׷ɫ䣬ǸʬĬеŮޣȻ
۰̾һǰһŰǸʬ߳
üϵĳԼһ˿ʶСĽǰ̽ȥĻ˲䣬˿һԳ֣
ʶˣǺ˿һգʱת򣬽׷ʶ
һҧʶ㣬ӭȥҪ˿ж֮ǰһ׳ԣȻλ궼Ӳһ£Ӧò̫Σա
Ǻ˿ʶУʱһɻԵʶбըȻ˳ʶֱ塣
ĿоһӴʶһӵϣ̰ǻԵΧס󲻻Ųæо
ְ֮̾һʶһѹɢĽṹȻδ͸Ȼ˿˺󣬾ͷ·רΪɱ괴һ㡣
⣬ֺ˿һҲܲס
ֱ˫ۣ˼͵һóʶѰһҵĴ⣬óƷʯ
Ҳãոɱ󣬾˴λ꣬Ȼʱ룬Ҳ֪ôˣ֮λֻ꣬Ҫһˣʹ׷ʿλ꣬Ҳ̷׷ˣר鷳еİѸոһĻ³һе
չ£˸ͼֲ˶ã㱻λɣԼʹǵõĴҲûļϸ鿴Ҳ֤˴
꣬Щȣ涫ܶ࣬ʯϣνȫӦоС
Ҫ֪˽ʮĴȻٲˡ
Ʒʯ˴Լǧ飬ʯڿռѷڻ˴оǱ󷨻ֲᣬǵһ󷨽ûκεĹԣȴļѣ֮⣬ʱеļУԸ沼ƶ
ֿõ󷨣ҪķѴʯֵоʱ㹻ʯҪ಼һЩ
һ´ʱ䣬ŲæʯѸմһָ⣬ջһšÿһʣÿһֶȫעڷŻһ̣һ˿ʶ
΢һ£ƮڰղһʯһƷʯԻһţûãѾʹ˽ʮƷʯ
һЩʧܷģֶϵоѾ죬ʵʲʱַЩ
ǰƯŵʮŸţЩ̾󷨣ʵ̫ķˡƷʯǰ϶ûж٣ǻ֮ǰ¼󷨣ҲûǸǮ¡
óһʯʼۣһ㣬ʯƮʮŸһһӡϣÿӡһʯɢһ˿â
ʮŸȫӡ꣬ʯɫѾþӨ͸һץʯ̷ɵУԼüһʱһεĲƣ֣ϸ۲죬һ˿ۼ
ţַּԽԽʧܵĴˣڶ󷨣˽ʮʯͲꡣ
ʱȥתۼ䴫һ̣Ҫ١ڵʿǣһţ꣬޲󷨿쿪뿪ľĵط
սֿ̮ʼ˼Ӿ磬Ŀռѷ죬ԽԽ࣬ԽԽһƬƬ̮Ѿ֡
һְ̣һڶͷĿ⾼վ


һٶʮ ʶ
һҫһ֮Ĵӿֶţת
λ꣬תһ̣һȫȥѸ뿪
սһοڵʿǣϷ׷¶ٺ֮ɫһʧڴڡ
һֱŴڵĶÿʧһˣҪĵĬĬʱ䡣
Ϻԥ֪ò뿪˺Ȼ䵭
ߣһ˵ҡ
˿æó΢£תۼʧӰ
һֱڵʿȫ뿪룡
˵Ŀоһ˲Ծֱͬʱһó𵽴õ
ٶȼ죬һɲǾٽķĻڴһ˲ϢȻܳһ˿ĿһҲ㣬Ǻ˿
Ǻ˿ٽ˲䣬üĴһʱʮŸţԶ˿
˿һʮźɢʧ١
һ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬գۼ䣬˿δĳڣ׹⣬봫ӡ
ĵ׽ͨղŹ۲죬֪봫ӣҪʱ䣬룬ΣڣǶȹſԳɹߡ
һ룡ʮ˿Ȼ֣֮Ӹλôĵ״ʱӾܴΧƶĻȻԴ谭СΧĻЩ˿ٶ̫죬𲻵á
һ֮ǰѾƵʱɫüķɿ˸һʮŸɵ󷨣Ӷĳ⡣
֮ǰһ˶ʮһ󷨣ȥղŵĵףĿǰ⣬ӵнһǧá
ֻһķţһʱ䣬Ѹѣһзļ죬һӵʱ䣬ʮ˿ڳ˽Űٸźɢʧ
ִʱûɿأ֪֮ǰ׼ֻάֵˣ룬ҪԼӲ˵׳ϵʶһȦʱɳʮɫܣһǲټ
֮ǰ̽һЩ֮ǻˣҲͬʱô෨ֵʶҲЩɬ
󷨵ӣѾڣʱϣոչȥһ룬ǵڶ롣
ͫ͵һĵ׿ЦϢ䣬ٸ˿ⲻһٸţʸûУէһӴɢ
ţЩֻУЩ̱һգְ̾ЩϾûм޷ȫҡ
ˣЩֹ£ٵ˿Ҳнӽһľɢʱʣµĺ˿Ҳûκε˲ڡ
˿壬ԵʱӴʶʱը𲻿ȻǿֿԼ겻
ڶ룬˹ȥʱĿ̧ͷԶޣЦʲôƨɷֹһȥѾһˣһΣ˭Ҳֹң
伫־磬ԭԴߵʱ־ȫûаʶУȴĳ˼ı仯
̮еսȻһľף¡УһսˣĿռƬһѷ졣
һӴѹ֮дֵھӣʱȫصռڣҶ
ˣ͸˵Щλˣʱһֻʶӣ˳ŸֵĿռѷ죬ɿĻصռ䡣
ʱ봫ӣѾβڣʱ䣬ǵ룡
Ŀдһ˿䣬дһ˿侲ѹӴ󣬵ֵ壬ȴͬһֱʶܲƣȴһԵϢС
һɼϢһκ鶼ֹʱǰѹѹ̩ɽô־ͬһѼͲ
̩ɽѹ飬ҲҪӴ뿪
룬һֻ˿ɵĴ֣֮̽ץֵֻĺ˿
ֳֵһɲǣսʼȫȫ̮ͬһ޴ı鱻˴ӱԵ㣬սѣ֮ĿռƬ뵽һѷС
תۼ䣬սʧˣʣµģֻ󣬹֮С
룬һɷĶԿֵʶֻµ˲䣬̱һ̱ϣٴǿֿ
һУһΣʵʵڵᵽ֡ĸо
һΣڴַڡ
ڶΣھڡ
Σڼռѡ
ڣǵĴΣÿһΣӣһΣֵʶ⼫⣬ʶһδɢУϵرᴿ
һʱڣӴʶεɢ飬ʶԽԽСȴ˷츲صı仯
⣬ȫȫڡ
Դ֪Կ϶һǣӵмʿֻϣ̺ż⣬ΩһˣػԵɺ£Уʶ˼ӡ
ʶ̺˼һнʵɷγɵĴ֣ȫȫƶãֵ걾ںӺʶһ˿΢΢ļϣûѹôٴ˿Ҳǻɢ
ʱǿҶѹ£ʶСȴգʷǰںϣںϣڳʼ߿˵ڵʶȫǼкܶĲӡ
һ־磬־߱һԣҲ˵߱˼ôһеķչϡ
ͬģֵļӡʶϣôӴԺ󽫲֮ǰʶȴɱһͬȼĴڣӳСڣֻյԪӤڡ
һ㣬Ϲʱһ⣬ûκμʿͻƹ
ǸߣҲɽʱͨһЩĦ嵽٣˵ˣ˵֪
ǿµģӳСڵǿضյطֹƵķչȥôȫ϶˵ʿ޵еĴڡ
ԣϹʱоѧǣݹʿ֮ν޷ͻԪӤڣΪͻƵһ̣طĨɱ
ԪӤϵļʿ
ֻĿǰļڽɷ˵̫΢ŴԽԽֵʶٶȣ飬պһ£ֵʶͬʱʶܱЩ֮Ҳһ֮ʣµģһ˿ӽԴļʶ
ûнɷһ˿ʶ֮ģڣһˮɡ
ⴿļʶֻ֣֣ҲɵΪ֮һ٣ʱȥ󣬿


һٶʮ 
ڴһֻ̣Ϊʶ΢µ˲䣬ֵ壬ڴʧ
˿ɵĴ֣̻˿ڴǻãɢһա
ΪĴڣֳΪ˵һӼռ䣬ռ̻꣬ʶѾһ˿ʶ̻ıʣȻǴڡ
ٹشȸϲħٹɲֻ࣬ĸֱսаħڣԼʬڡ
һգڻٹλõķɽһ޴Ĵϣվսһ˵ȡ
սԪӤڸˣٹһɵıսʸսѹȺۣΨһʸơ
δͷӵģûԪӤڸ֣Ǵﵽ˽ᵤڵĳϻɡǳԭ򣬻ȻѾ꣬ȴϣòãǱѮҵˡ
սĶֻеڲſ˵ӽᵤʣ嵽Σ˾Ͳ֪ˡ
սᵤڡԪӤڸֶǻٹ֮ף֮
Ȼ˹ЧȻ˿ӣսʵ̫ǿɼӣҲûǸ»ȡ
еǷ˼̰꣬ʮأսջЭÿʮٰһιʹᣬʿɣǰģܷȫƾ˻ԵֻҪһʯˡ
һսȻǣһһ룬Ҳû֮
ʵֻвһٸ֣־ǿɬѶ˿͸
֮ʵһǧǰһλʴӱߣķѰܽһ׹⹦ãפ֮Чսϲ
ڻߣվˣ۵ģһٸٸȣĿһž¾׵Ĺ·һ㣬ʱ̴΢ţһߴӢϸüĿһ˿顣
ʱȻĿ̾ۼȥâԽԽӰڳ֣󽥽
üͷһ壬̾һǰЩӵ֪սȶʱĵѾ׼ȥĵӣܻŻĲ࣬ʵʿֻ˺󣬾׼ȻЩꡣ
ϺӰʱԻϺĵӣӺǿҪսʱܾ⺢ӻǼֹȥ
ΣһЩķǿͬ⣬ʱȻ˿
ϺڴǰϤľΪ˵ĸоţ໥˿ĵ׾ֳ
ֵΪ֮£Ҫ֪Ѿ꾫Ѫ֣һǾѪǣ£Ҳһ
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Ϻ̾˿ʦսͻȻڶ֣һϣ̻ɢսʿνʮһ鷢̫ͻȻԭջΪḻڡ˵̬Ȼ
һ֣ˣüͷȻ˵Ժ˵˻شңΪòδı䣿
Ҫ֪ռʮ꣬ò˥ϣ뿪֮󣬻һ˲ʮĹȣϺĹפЧҲͬʱһ
Ϊʦ֣ǵĵӣŻ֮˵в֪ʦ֮ǰõһƿҩһɱհ꣬ˣÿ˷
սһ⻰¶Ľ֮ɫٸϺֺ˫۾һֱڶԷϣĵɻ󣬴ʱһ۵Ļʵʦ㣬ǵҩô
Ϻ䵭Ŀһۣ˵£Ҫȥʦܡ
ٸĵŭȴһЦ˵ȴڰǸСļһˣԼȥǲԸԼ
ٸߵӣ˵˼䣬ٸдĵһ΢졣
üͷ˶һۣȨӣϺ˳ˣѽӵͻصʼأԸǹȥ㱨ս֮¡˵꣬ɨһۡ
ԥһ£˵ϣʦܻں棬ʱΣȻأԼ㵽
üͷһһ˿죬˵ҲҴߣ
˻һһսĵӣŹ֣òٸɫһ䣬ʧû
Ϻ̬Ź֣ٸһۣ˵ʦ÷ģʦռ꣬Ȼ֮ǰʱԲʦõġ
ٸüͷ壬ҡͷǲôỹء
۾һɣȵ֣˼ѵ㻹˲ɣʦôô
ٸ˼æͷĬߵЦʲôٸҾ㣬ء
̾˿СʦãʦܣԲģɷġ˵꣬ﰵǰԸ䵭ôῴء
ʱȻһҫȥֻһӰӴ߳
һɱϢ֪ΪΣпӰʿֱ䣬Ǵ崫꣬ʶ
·ǰĴˣһԱǵ˪һ㣬η
ԵʶսһɵӣΪһʶ֮ˣ׷ײĵ˿ǻɣҲɵ˫ͫ͵һ𾪡
ٸ˼˸¶һ˿Ի֮ɫǰòȷȴǰ֮
߳Ŀһɨɣ̲ԷΪȭμϡ
˫۾ⱬʵͺãһ߰ɡ˵ţĿⶢ֡
ɫ䵭˵ӻҪ£ͲˣºԻȥ
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˵꣬һԾڿն𣬻һԶȥ
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ҪģԾްնʱ¶Էղǹı֮⣬Ϊɵ
ǿ£ԼŪΪǱСҲɨأʵǲ㣬ôһ룬ɱ׷Ѱͷ


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ڣ󣬶޶ã㣬˼ĵĪĸоټϸղͻĲ䳸Уҵķһʱ֮Դհ
˵֣İĻٹúһ಻ɽУļ䣬˵ǻٹһĻɽȺ
ٹ֮Խ֣ΪڴССĻɽڶ࣬ʿʱ۲ӡͱˡ
ڻٹʷϣûйȺĻɽʿķƣĪĹ
ܲ鿴һתߣڸһͣʱũæﺢͯϷˣվڴ⣬ĵһʹú˽ȥ
һ˵ũѰһЩװˮľͰװˮһѸ뿪
»صɽȺɽѰһȻѨ̰ѶڷһЩʯ󷨣ϥء
һУɫΪ԰ףսˣʶȫɢƾһ˿ʶ֮յ˳ƣ˿ʶɢĿľΪƣӶ뿪ˡ
ʱĿ񣬳ʶ֮С
ֵʶһƬɫĺ⺣󲿷ֶһɵֻ֣кСһλûлһɫḶ́˻ɫ
һɫСڣЩ̣ǴĽɢϸȥԷСżѺۡ
ʶһһհ׽磬һͻͻʯ飬Ʈڣʮ֮ڣκλҿ
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ĸܵʶڽɫУ׳ţٶȾܼΪȴȶһֱǧ׳ʶС
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ΪԽǿʶԽȫʩչ
ʱ֣Ѿ׵ںϣҲûаֲʣֻϵı֮⣬ҲԽӵŨ񣬷·һ겻ıɽһ㣬û˿ڻ


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һӣܷʯţ˳ȥ
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ٽɽǻٹһĻɽȺ֮Ϊ˵ʢһֽٽҩġ
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ҡͷǵȵȰɣûܽɽڵ׶ȥˣΣա
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һԿ϶ʬڣļ˸ǡֻҪӰճɣһ˵ǲõעģϾֻǵͼֳأ֮ء


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ʱɽڣٹɵĵӷ׷ײɼٽ߳˴˸뿪
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ɶһڵӣΪָҪʱ̫࣬ڵֻڵΪԪӤʵֻûӦеʵ
ټּʶİԵʱ˵һֽϻһΪָᵤڣǽͽȻͬˡ
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ֽӹʶһɨ̬Ͽ㲨һͷĿϡ
£ˣŵͼڲؾҡΪϲȥ
ޱ飬һҧ̧ͷ˵ʮ죡ٸʮʱ䣬ұʮֵ˵ʲôҲӡһݡ
ֿһۣ˵ͷƽ˵ȡ뿪ٹ֮ʱԻ꾫Ѫ㡣˵ۣ꣬䣬˵ԭھͿɰѻѪ㣬֮ｫҲɱ㣬ѪܷߣҪ´ˡ
һΣɫʧȥѪɫǿֵǿҵĿ־ӿͷͨڵϣе¶֮ɫ
ֲδϺ磬Ϻһҧ̧ǰǳ֣Ұǰ˵һΣɿûаӡʵ޷ӡʵɲֻۣҪصɣսݣȻʸ򡣡
Ȥ֮ļУζοһϧս֪ΪΣԱɵӲοƼϸɵֻҪڹ涨ʱ佻һʯɲο
ɵӣǴﵽᵤڣֻΪ´󹦣ֻ֮һŻڳϵĻ²ο
ֵķЩŹ֣пڿˣûлߣڲο˵¡
ϺӡһݣûɹʱҲûʧϸĿһۣƽ˵˴ɲض˷ֻҪң뿪֮ʱǾѪضỹǣĴ⣬ݹ顣


һʮ ԪӤ
˻ذɣΣʮպڴ˵ص㡣˵֮Ʈȥһš
æǣĵװֻȥһҪúõ̸̸ش£˵ʲôҲҪѵͼӡһݡ
۵亹Ѿ͸΢紵̲ס˸˿˿ĵӿ֣ڵһ̣֪ԼڹŹתһȦ
ϺƽĿһۣת뿪
ڰĿĵķУĵ׳˼ûã˫˸⣬սԼ˵ʲôҲȥãȲ˵ܡǷıԼܣԪӤǰͲزס
пܣսԪӤʼ棬ͨ˿֪Լ顣뵽Ȼһɫʱٶ̱۶ȥ
²⣬֮ǰҲǣֻ˵ı֣ȷѡ
м䣬ȻһŮֶ𣺡СѣѱͽĻѪ黹ɺãԲö֮
Ȼͣ£ǰƼ仯һǧĵĸˣ
Ǹ˲ӯɺɺ죬ɫװ°ڲصβϵΧѣΧ೤Ʈ⹬װٸϣһ鶯ƮݵʣȻ
òʩɫ糯ϼӳѩν֬ò
Ÿ˵ǰУӺˣԷһľ룬ͬʱŴĿŶԷ
ɫ糣ȴʮֵľ裬ǰ⸾Ϊɲ⣬ȻԪӤڸ֡
ǰͽʲô֡ĿתĿŸˣ˵
ͽϺ硣ٸ¶ЦݣĻص
ּΪɴĵͷϵ˵ã뿪ǧ֮󣬶ͳѪĻǰ֣ҲҪƴĻѪɢ
ٸɨһۣ˵СѲؽţй鱾ѴϺ˵֮ܰȻصսҿİһ£Ϳɵֹᡣȥ²˵Ϻ磬Ϳɶһ¼̡
һٸۣӶԷ̬Ʋ٣Ĭ˵ǰĪ֣ǵгǧ֮ٹ黹Ѫɡ
ٸһ̧¶һȻĶľɫݣҡͷЦǧҽˣǧԱ˵ֻǼ䣬Ҫɱ㣬ɶĻûκáˣ֣Ǿ߰ɡ
ֶ˵ӻ磬նߡʱȻɳǧ֮⣬һɽڣԵ󣬶˵ֵüģһӨɫĹߣü˳
ֿһۣٴηѸڿնߡһ·ڲ²ٸǼ٣ΣΪһѪԪӤڸ֣ڵ˵ʵǡ
ʴˣڹ黹ϺѪ֮£ûκԥ
ӺͷϺѪĻɽϣٸӰȻ֣һ̽ϺѪƮС
˿Źߣ¶֮ɫϸ̧ͷңֶߵķȹʹĹ黹Ѫķϣ֮£Ұˡ
ʱ䣬ֳһЩҪϢ֮⣬һֱڷСΪٸҲûгֹʼŵһȻĿһŲԶ档
ʱԶͻȻ⣬̵ֺתٽֻ߰˸ˣѸٷܣ׷Ŀⲻƣ֡
ЩУ۵ǵǰһӣòãһΪѵڣ˼ٵ磬ɫۣһͨɢķɽ˿֮
ߣһŮӣŮӳ䣬죬׵Բ԰ףһ֮ɫȻĶνǵسݣʷü
ʱĿ¶⣬֣Ů˵ô
Ůӿ֣ǸһЦ磬˵óܻ֮ûλӵʡ
кڻֱȭϵĪ֣죬ͻ֮Ѻ
ɫʼնǴݲȣĻƽ˵޷ᣬĳܹڻ
һЦ˵صҲȥμϪȷдİɣʱ˵»Ҫ£ʹ˱
˵꣬һȭŮӣͬˣ̤ȥ
ߺɨ˵һۣ˵ǰȥûãüͷ΢壬һĴƬ̷ɳŵȥ
Ƭٶȼ죬˲棬һһǱӰڶʮ׵˳
˳༫ΪƽΩ˫͸һɻ֮ʱ֣ѣᣬᰡ˵ţæ¿˿һԾ³һѷɽɵǰ
ѣвƣᣬҲǹʵΰǿɶѾͷ鷳Ҵ򲻹ֻܶ㰡ǻأߣͲѰ
ֿһۣûᣬǰȥ
вæȥˣƤʵѣĸɵİаħڵӡ
üͷ΢壬տڲֻǼӿ߶ٶ৵һߣܿͰв¡вƿһۣĵЦȴɫ糣һ˫ȣڵһ׷ȥתۼٴֲͷּ˵ѣղŵǶԲסѾͷѣ׼ȥϪȷаɣͬ·ɣϪ˶࣬ʲôŪܹһЩŮ¯Ҷ·򵽡
ÿٶȣһתͷȻЦˣЦвƿȻЩľ֮УָоһţвҡҡԴĵװԷֻһڵʿԼڵΪ򲻿ʧ֣뵽Цѣ㿴Σ
ĵ׼֮ɫһϵ˵ãǾˡ
вĵ΢û뵽־ȻӦôʹ죬кܶ˵һӶ˶Ӧ죬̺Цͷ޷Ƚѱܵȣ°ˣѣôƺ
ҽսӡ΢ЦֻЦݣв͸һ˿ӣھΣֻԼ֪
вƺٺһЦ¿˿󣬵֣˵սиŮʲôޱǰһκߵΪˣսӣȻɣôжƯ
һ˵ޱ˵Ϻ磬ʦɣ
вƻȻĶͷЦ㿴ԣûǽϺ磬ôΣ
ֵ˵ͷ˵ʦȷ䣬ҲûΡ


һʮһ Ƿ
в귢Цּȥ˵ˣֵܣǰãһϪȵĴ󡣡
ּһܹЦãǾͿЩȥԱЩϪȡ˵ţǰȥ
вһĿգɫû˿仯ͷֵܣһ˳ĸȥ
ĵЦ̬쳣˵ûֻһ
вƹһЦС˵ֶ͵͵ɽ׼ȥϪȻЩɣ˵º󣬾սᱦᣬʱֵܿԺúðգȡһ
ֺЦÿɷ
ӣвЦСӣ˵٣үү㵹ùˣٺ٣߿ܣʱҲ̫ĵôţΪȷһһ򣬵ֵ棬˵ֵܣҽиѹӦþڸʱһߴɽʡһʯ
ļУдϣ⴫ҪʯΪ֮һɴˡ
в⻰˵Ҳˮ©ֵͷвưüһţ׳򼸸˸䣬ʧ
ָвƣһ·ȥŶԷԽԽǻСɽ࣬һЩɽʱðһɺ̡
ɻвЦŽ͵ֵܱżϪȵĴ󣬾ڲԶˡҲ֪ô£ǻٹЩɽǻкðҼǵȥĴɵԪӤʼŸոշӡꡣ
ɫ䣬Ц˵صҲƫƧǸõطɽڶ࣬ɱ˺ʬҲ㣬ʡˡ
вһ٣ǿЦֵܡ
û˵꣬ȻԶ֮һɫ⼲۶תۼɢ¶һɫɭˣοݣĿ͸һ֮ɫ
һ£·ɽɢźɫ⡣˫֣Ǳһźƣ󣬿һۣвǷ򣿡
ɨһۣ˱вΪѾﵽ˼ٵ磬첮֮䡣
вƵͬһ㣬һ˿ֺõ˵ʦ֣ҿĽСӺкøУҪǰƳɿܣʱȥӽܶһְա
ĿһתͶ֣ĵײԷȻӣڵΪͲСӣˣ˵꣬·ɽһֱָؿڡ
ͬʱһԾ˫Σʱһɺɢһֻ޴Ĺãɽȥ
б䣬ڷɽ޶ãһָˣе𣡡
һرɫʶһ֣ڣ޵УǽᵤڣǾǽᵤڵľһԪӤڣϣµһ֡
۾Ȼ͹һ˲䣬ĸоԼʶһɻԵУûκεֿ֮ɲǼһգĿп־֮ɫһ֣һֱûףһеô¡
һз̫죬еķɽշɳһľ룬Ĵϵʶ֮飬ɽϵĺâɢӿе¡ĺãҲ˵ɢ
һ˦ǷɽƮץСһĴƬɳ
Ǻˣӳһ仰󣬱㲻ᣬǿȫȫ׵״סвơ
ƬϺһħͷԾҲЩܲɣòħͷڴ¡û취Ҳֵ̣¡
вʱŷӦֵ˺󼸲˵һ̤ڝһصףʧ
ħͷ۾һתæĵķŻɵٶȣ̬¶µӡϧֵһ仰ٴ
ҡ
˵꣬һʶȻɢ׷ȥħͷ¶֮ɫˣ˳ûԶ̲Һһɢ̣ŵæתַȥӶݵ뷨
ջسͷħͷʶרһ׷вơвƵٶȺܸȤ֪Լٶ̫ͱǰǸٸ˼ֻҪͿȥǧ֮⣬ٶȣҪɱܶʸ
вƸղ׷ʱѾþȫ٣ɶԷȻ赭д׷ϣٶȿɼһߡ
ԣֲûɱǴ׽ʳԵɡ
вˣɵڣ˽ʮʱ䣬ʮ㿪ʼһֱɱ˶ᱦĹֻΪСģֻҵˣΪʿԲðԽɱˡ
ЩõķϣȫȥϪȷлȡΪĵҩΪһ·ֱϣΪԽߣѰҩЧѾʧȥãߵȼҩҪôѰңҪôǼ۸̫ߣ֮ĿͶš
ǵҩϣƣƷвĿ꣬ڵĽŪһЩҩߵϧĽĴΪ߳һͷѾﵽڴԲļٵ磬ȵѹոսδȹ̵ʿ
ʱвƣ޲Լٶܸ죬ΪֹһֱڻصղŵһĻʦǿڴԲļٵʿô׾ٵɱˡ
˵ǸóʲôķҲ˺£ӰӶûֻ˵һ֣ʦ־̵ڵ
⡭⵽ʲôв뵽ͷƤס飬Խ벻ףԽǿֲһ仰ͿɱһԲʿʲôΪĪﵽ˽ᵤڲɣ
в̷뷨ᵤڸֲûڵĽᵤڳϳɱԲ˵ضֵԲ赭д·һ㣬һ仰һˡ
вĵһѵԪӤڣ
ַ뷨ԪӤڳ֣һΣаħʼɱһڵͽŴ󲿷ֵӵ棬ʼֻ˦һѷɽͽڰӶʱ뷴ĻᶼûС
ǾˣвУֵһ仰ɱһԲʼóɽɱڣһȽϣж϶Ӷʱ˵һһƬհס
ѡѵǻڡвƻ˵ڵһ̣ȫ·Ҳ仰塣
ԽԽȷвƿɬİڸ֡ǿǴ˵еôܡǻڣôһ仰ʦлڸֿɲٿ֮һ仰ɱԲҲ˵Ĺȥҡڱڸ׷ɱ


һʮ ٹ䣨һ
мٶߵвһǿҵĿ־ϢĸоʱȻоǰЩȣԽп֮࣬طνǼãڻٹضǴССĻɽͶ֮ϸҪ
һСֱɽҽǾֻϵù
вƼܣҲһ΢ȣͻ̵תΪڸ׷ɱ֮λûѡãҪȻֻܾŬ
һֱӴ͸㣬һ޴Ļɽڡͷüëǽ
һвæ׳ɽλƵһ͹ʯϣôһȫѾֹѵļ·֮һΪ̿ҡ
µķɽҲʼ죬¶ԽԽߡ
вƵĺˮһ֣̱һ˿˿ɫ壬ʱȥȫ޲ðỤ̋˵ǳ壬Ҳ߱һЩ֮
·һӴĽأһ޴ڳڳ֣ÿһһ˿
вҪӲͷƤӶɽڶߣһ̣ȻһĿҽ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ʱҲ׷˹֮ʶһֱԷȻвͣ£һָƬƬһڵ棬תŪһͨӽ˳ֱͨӴӵвڵҽ֮ء
ɽ˲䣬ֿ˶·¶֮ɫвơ
˳Ŀһֻҽм䣬һ˫ε۾ֵ˻ͨԵҽһ
Сڻٹļ䣬ٹĻɽУûκģУôܲʿ֣Ҫ֪ÿ꣬Ĵɵʼ棬ǶԻٹĻɽһηӡԱȷȫ
ͬʱвƷ·ħһ㣬˫۾ãȻɽŲȵʯϣһѪ⿾ζ̴Ľ´
ǰĽŵѾһƬƤ룬¶˵ĹͷвƵϣûһʹ֮ɫվʯߣԥһ
ھһһץвҽ˲䣬ϵĴץ˻ͷҲأѸٺˡ
һʱŨңֱܼ䣬̱ܵͨ졣ʱ¿ִᷢµĴССĻɽȻð̣еһϴĻɽܵĵ棬ۿɼһȦɫĲɢǱɢ֮أ˺ɫ
ɫ˳ͨ۶ȥȻһֻͣǰͨڣ˷ѸپۼĻ棬γһۡͷȫɢ֣¶ɱ⡣
ֶ˵ʶֻ̹һɫ˫ڣǻĿһɢ΢̾ͻָ˫ѿһ죬һ
ɫתȥţͫһ󣬺Ȼֳһޡ
ʱխͨڣͷлޣһҧƬһתӽٴڳһͨ
ʱȻ̻ܵһƬĵ׿һ£ܵۿɼٶѸٱӲոǰסγһε
ڲϵսһ£ȫ
ʱڵϣֲѣ̮ܿ죬һ޴س֣м䣬һɫ
ܣ˸۵ĻϵҺģԽԽСձɰ׵ĸ߶ʱЩֹͣҺ
һ޿ѸصףҲڵص߷ɿ죬תۼֻص֮ǰǸɽڡ
ǻްһףԾ£ץŻͬͬ࣬һʧҽСҽð𼸸ݺƽ
ܵĻɽҲԽԽ٣ĸѣҲָԭһ޴֤֮ǰһ⣬ûκμԱֹޡ
أڻٹ˵ܳÿɽԣһЩССͻȻֵء
ֱӣֿǲϴ£ڸղ˲䣬üʶȫʱʶ߽
ԸоԼ³֮һ𣬷·һԣʱʶѾͻһƣǰһС
һޱ޼ʵҽϷ۵ҺЩͨ£ڽҽ֮С
ƮҽϣߣɢƮ߰˸һСÿ֮ϣſһֻޡ
ٿܵҽڣ鸡ֻۡһֻ޴ҽԾڵϣֵʶûκβ
ʱȥ½мֻ޴Ϸڵڳ֣⣬ǵ϶һ
ʱҽȻһ̴ֻֻҽɢ¶һհ׽磬һֻ;޴ĻޣҽðʶһգĹ
ͨĻޣֻ߶ߣֻޣ¶ԴѾ˰ɡģ޵Ĵȫ¶˳޴չֳһɾҵѹһ֣ܵл޷׷׾ֹ
ĵһ޴չֳʵ˿ԪӤڣǿжǿΪûʿ֣ʵ޷жϡ
޴Ļ˫ɨһȦεߣţһֻͬСĻ޳֣սӶһʮֻ
ʮֻƳһȦԲȦУһ͸״Ļ𻷣ҽڳ֣߲ʹâҫ
Сһǻ棬һģӰʵγһȭͷСĻš
һ˿˿ɫϸߣڻ֮ӡ
ųֵ˲䣬ʮֻ޴ĻһȫӴҽԾϥ¡ͬʱܵлޣȫͺ׷Ծ𣬹ҽϡ
۲ţȻһڵӣһдüĴּʱֹӻ
ʱһֻץµ˹ȥڰʱͻȻͣͬʱ̳ڣһʵžܶԵø
һУȻ洫ϣԽԽСճ׵ûܿ죬һ˿˿ѪɫƮŴ˳
Ӱ£ҽСĵһѾףЩڲδֻԼţǼʹԼüʶ壬Ҳǳ˯Ѱˡ
ĸһһǻ룬ҽеһֱ˽ʱҽ򣬱ص׳
üĴӣҵĲһǰδеĳƣѳֵڴʱǻţڵ


һʮ ٹ䣨
һȵϢ򣬻ᳵ·ֱм䣬ʱӺȻǻһûаԥɿͷ
ˣڵһ谭ײڻϣдһû£ɿıա
ӱԭ̵ļƬҶʱѾûˣǻһŻ棬ܿ죬һһŻ棬ϵĳϡ
ԽԽճʧȥȣɢһաʱϵĻ棬˵ʮţ漴ȻŨҫĹâڣâҲĴɢ
ʱŻŵʧ֮Ժɫϸ˿ӵĻ𻷣ͻȻ˿̱ϡ
ĿǰһУסˣܶеĻޣҲͻıУԭز֪Ǻá
ʱѸٿ֣뵽üģϸһʱȻϳȥ˳һ۵˽ȥ
һжڼ̵ʱڷһֱڵɳЩ޲ŷӦʮֻ޴Ļŭضһ˺Ϸ۵׷˳ȥ
󣬳ǧֻޣ׷׷˻ѷΰŭһ
ڣ˳۶ڵҽмߣҪ֪⽬ҺǴ£ͨײ۳أִʱֱϣٶȸ޷̫졣
׷Щ򲻣Ǳ˵Ļ飬ԽҺڣǵٶȾԽ졣
Ȼ˽ǻŵǺӻһӴ㵽ԲⱾѾ㹻˵⡣ҴӸղЩ޵𾴳̶ԼڷŭĺУ²µŶЩ˵ǼҪ֮пЩ޵
ֵĲ²ûޱҽеν޵һ֣ҵȼĸߣ˵ͳһƺӦñ֮Ϊޡӵ֮𣬾;߱һǻۣڻٹҽǱҽΪ
һɱ䣬ɱŴΣͿɴ޹ȵޣֻÿɱ䣬Ҫһڣڼ䣬ûκ
Ϊ˱Լÿڽʱȫɢ߷ǵԼ
ͬʱɱӣһЩԼڵķǾʿ
Ҫ̫࣬ÿһӣֻҪɼ˾ͿԣԷɽʿᱻץסɡ
ΪЩʿɹ˺Ļ飬бץʿᱻסټ³Һסһ޿ܴ͡
ڣĻԼû뵽ȻҲбɵһ죬ɢһ̣кޣǷŭˡ
ĿУ鲻һǵĸס
׵汻ɱܲŭһŭŷ׷ȥԽ׷Խǰʮֻ޴еһ˻һſ³һǰɫҺ
ϺɫҽУɫҺԵøĿ˲ֵϣСһȦ
ڣѪԷһ¹ļʶҲֻ΢ѣҧأóʮֵǰȥ
Ļޣһ·˺۵һе׷
ԽԽհֻ޴Ļޣһ³ɫҺ˲䣬һڳʶ壬ľȣȻ˳ȥѾӽ棬һ֮£ʱҽԾ˳
ֺŲͣ˲ƬĽ»磬ֱӴӶĳڷ˳ȥ
濴Կһȫɢ̣·ѾյõӰһɽг
ʮֻ޴Ļ׷ɽڱԵĵķȴĲҳ׷ȥ
˿һʱͷƤ飬ֻɽڣʮֻ޴޵棬ۣĿĽֻһǾǰе֡
һֻޣԵֿļʶǲܵ飬ֻһͣǾЩޣû꣬ûʶ
ɫ۽»ɽڵڶޣ˵ԶȥģɫΪһ·֮ϣֻɽڣܴ濴ޣЩȫſڻɽڣĿע·ڵȴһ㣬ֻҪһȫӻɽڳ
ͷƤ飬ͷ¶ģõͼ뿪ٹӴ֮Ҳ
뵽ͣʶɢӦĿһת򣬳űȥ
һ·ѾٿϵĻɽһ˫˫˫Ŀ⣬ĸо
ʱ˿̣ٹĴɵԪӤʼ棬׷״ӱչ߳Ϊվǣܹĸоһɹɿ񱩵֮ڻٹϿۡ
Ҳܶ飬ĻٹڴССĻɽҪÿʱǶ԰λõĻɽȫӡһ飬ֹɽı
ΪһôԻٹ˵һ޴ĺƽ٣˻ӱҲܵǿҵĵִǷ˽ľֹҲбʿȰ˵
ϾЩʿԣȻͬϣ˶ˣȻиܶһЩʺɵĵӡ
˿ߣʿȴܣΪһдʿǰȥضһսʿУɻǾٹǨƣΪǨƣʧűʵĴңʯּĲ
ȸǣǹ̶ģһٹɽضǳŰĻֱŰ޷ɣһٹںܳһʱڣʿ޷档
飬ΪֹûзһΣٹĻɽ࣬ÿζоյıһһӡסǱҲСΧ޹ش֡
ʱһٵͣɫٵһĻѾ֮ɫ
ٵϣ˵żʮʬ壬Ա߻мƥڵһ
Щдԣÿ˺⣬ȫ¶ʹ֮ɫǵд󶼻Ȼǰڱ˴˺ɱ
һ⣬ͣ½Ųһӣ·𱻿Ϯһ㣬ꤻǳһһµ˲䣬һзɳڰлħͷӣ֣¶֮ɫžͱ任˻ãҪȥ㣬Щ˵Ļ̫ζ֪ζΡ
˵ţ͵һˣ
֮ǰ˸˼֮ҵħͷΪɵЩҰޣÿһֶֻһ˿ӡʶһֱôιȥôһգħͷǿҲɿ磬ʱжֻ̣һΧڣԸӦԷλá


һʮ ٹǨ
ϧ֮ǰ׷ѰвޣͻıʣʹħͷܡִӻɽʶѰңһ·׷Ѱ
ʱħͷʮ˺ΪȻָڴԲ˼ٵ磬ΪȫֵĿƣĳ
Ŀ䣬кɫħͷʱɣҽŰסƣٺˡԸǰһǰץȥһֻεƣһסħͷ
ħͷ̰ģ޶ãʶһϵĴʹħͷʶƵļãÿζħͷҪɢǰͣһ£ܶʼ̴ħͷɢĲҽԽԽȫή
ħͷеĿ־֮ɫѾŨ˼㣬֣һοǴﺦˡ
ֱ˫ۣ͸һ˿֮ɫħͷ䵭˵һΣ
ħͷսĻţδŵŵ
һĴƬɳħͷѣæڣƬ˸º»ص
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磬ǿʳԼԼ˵޷ȫкȥǿЦĴȱء
Ȼ˾ͽҪԼħΪһħޣ֮ǰһֱеִһ֮Ѿû˵ִɡ
ħΣЦ˫һӣʬɢһԾڿն
һٹټķǻɽɽϿգתһȦѡһλãºƬɳѸɽжһݶ
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ⵤһȣڵͲֵһˡսƷüģƮڰա
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ͬһĻšаħڡʬɣҲݣյĽͬС죬һӡ£ٹԪӤڸ֮С
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ֲ֪չ⼸գٹ˾춯صľ䡣
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ڻ޲δ׷Ƿɢɽڣƻӡһʱ֮ٹڻɽһһı֮ȫŰĻ⣬һ߻ħԷ١
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ЩСС壬ЩȫĿͶĴɣζᣬսǨ
ĴɵԪӤʿսϱϼչϵ´ǨƵĺĵӣ޲ϻظɣչ˾ٹǨơ
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ִɽ֮߳ʱǡĴǨƵĹСɵǨƣ˵򵥣ʵ쳣ټϻ޵ϮɲòһǨƣһɳ޵˻
һĴ꣬ۼһټЩСС壬γһ˵ʿʱ޲Ѿѻٹлɽȫ򿪣һγ˳ʮ޵ĴɰΧ֮ƣ˷
ս֮ʿڳްΧһ˵ֿѸƽ
ֳڶѨһ˲䣬ͫ͵һУ߰˸ʿһȺϣѪɣ˲


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ûκԥһ̤ʩչѸսķȥһ·ʶ̽ضǻޣԽԽľ
̵תҲȥѰˣǰļ䣬ű߽ȥٹѾܾˡ
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޴ʶǴɢȻʮֻһĳ츳ʩչͨ
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ţһɫϸ˿ͷɢϷһγһ𻷣һ֣ʮֻ¶֮ɫ׷׷ʵĵͺ
ǵ壬ۿɼٶȷɿݣ󰵺ɫĹð뵽֮С
һ̳˽һʱڼҲʿ쳣תֹոٽɣ̱һɻԵ̼仯Ϊɻҡۼڴˣûʿ
һʱʮֻ޵ɢȫ뵽֮Уǻ𻷵ĴСûб仯ɫȴѪһƬϢѣߣɢ֮䡣
һ̣ٹڣлޣȫֹͣһеж׷׹ڵϣ﷢ʵţһͻȻڵϣ岻ϵس鶯ϸԿһߣĶͷ֣Ѹͣڲһʱ䣬Ѹʮɸߡ
ţһֻһֻĻޣͷֺߣѸͣڲʱʱڣٹлޣ·ȫһɱ㣬ʮɵĴСǵʵҲ֮ʮࡣ
ЩɱĻޣһʿʧķ׷ȥģԽԽɱĻ޼뵽׷ĶУƺƵһƬò׳ۡ
˵ʿʮԪӤʿ»ض֮˻صսλãһԷߣĿһɨ˷ﳵڵϣĺȵղžСѻ
ֱĿ⣬ߣ˵ͷ
߼һ죬ץվߵķɫ΢һʷﳵʱһɫӷﳵڻûһ󣬳һģһεʲ̵
˺󼸲ŸˣŭǸʲôСӲսӣղŻѻ֪ղǳսһٹǧ
Ե¶֮ɫ˵ڣ㲻ɱ
ĶŷĬ˵˼ȷͲսӣҿԲɱս
ת֣ڵ֣ԸҼӣ
æлͷӦǡ
˫¶һ˿⣬Ϊ൱ԪӤڣ˫޵ɭΪȴԪӤڡΪһ޹ؽҪСµԪӤʿʵڲ㣬һ˵ʦüȻΪͽȻ׷ҷһߣ´սڵΪսҲѱȫ
˵꣬һ˦䣬ת뿪
ԪӤʿһ˷⣬˾ҡͷЦɢ֮һʿΪɵԪӤʿɭ
һۣüͷ΢壬̾ϢáΪΣ
ʿ˵ս⣬ôܻǵյأ
ʿĬãתһӴóһһĨ֣˵˷ƵԪӤջʶ˴ηսɱ


һʮ 
ֱ¶ϲ֮ɫӹæлʿӳ󣬱㲻֣Ƿﳵڣ˵
ֲʶȤ֮ˣʿﳵͬʱȻˣɳﳵ뵽ѸǰʿС
ٹı߾ʿǨ⣬˽İҲ׷ϼҴڣǨơЩ֮ĻޣѾٽˣǵĿֻһǾʿе֡
ʱĶȹʿĻ׷ǵҲԽԽ࣬һɳظУѹڴ󲿷ʿͷͬʱþòɢ
ڻٹı߾һ޴أʿɵĴԼһЩ壬ϼһʮŸԪӤʿչһش̸
̸֮ʮ˴ʿзɳڷƮϿգһŵԪӤʿ˵ؾŶ̽飬ȷǻɽȺأҲǻ޵ĵ֮ءӡǣлɽʱƾٹǰǧǰµ󣬶ܰЩȫڻٹС
аħһ췢ӣɨ˵һۣߵڼȻΪε˺󻼣αŪȵز
ʬڵԪӤʿ޹ײģȻѾʬĲΣĶᣬֻһ
̬ĮȻ·һ鶼᲻ȤΪٹŰʺǻָҲܲǨƵ
սʼ棬۾һ˵һٹҲɽ޳ֵ飬Ҳ޿κΣǧ֮ﲼһΪһ˿Ѿ㹻ˣǣǿʼɡ
˵꣬սʿڵԪӤʿվһ𣬸Էλвͬоڳһӡ
һȣֱӡӳѸǡغһ£һźɫ
šаħڡʬɣֱֻϡ
ԽӾңĺЩڰһγɸָ״ȴΪһĵ
ʱ˿̣δֵЩļԪӤʿ׷¶֮ɫһֺݺݵһĶͷԪӤѸգɵмĿհ״ǰ
λɢ޵ѣʱȴʱһʿȻȵ
һԪӤ˵ˣλѣȻĴԲԪʧôҵƴˡ˵꣬ԪӤһת˫ӡͺһѸٳУڽһ˲䣬Ȼʧȫڣֱ˴ˡ
ԪӤҲҧ˽ȥתۼ䣬ȻСûб仯ȴһ˿鶯֮⡣
ٹǰʿΪ˷ֹһɽµ󣬲ҪĴɸԳ⣬ҪԪӤʿԸʱԪӤĴڣſɱ֤תκη϶ȫȫ
ѪɫԽԽŨգƮڼ֮ţһ£ȻɢԼٶѸٹĸ֮ӡ
Ӽ֮ССĻɽڷ׷ðɫЩ뵽֮Уϵ׳ɢٶȡ
һٹڣһɫ֣ͬһ۵룬£󣬿ɹ
һ˷˿ͨ⣬ʿޣǻͨߣܽ
ĴʮŸԪӤʿڴ˲䣬׷ƿмץɢԪӤͻظԼ壬ûмߣͳһš
ŵļʿվڴ⣬ϹλѰĻű֤ȫֻά£ºҵȱضվȽŲʱϼҲޣ֮գ±ؽǰӭλع顣
£ԪӤʿ׷ȭֿ̬˿֮ɫ
л޷׷ŭײںɫ֮ϣÿζֻζƾЩײȴûһֻܳƶ
ʱֹ˻׷ĽŲʿٶȿֻͬ꣬߾
߾⣬һЩ˾ӣЩ˴ĿĽ⣬Ҳ˭һؿͷһƬķʿ׷׹ڵأĤݲѡ
һ۵ˣĿգɫ԰ף⡭Щǻٹʿ
˿䣬ѸٺˣʱЦմһаħڽᵤʿ̤Ž˸䣬ѷɽֱԲͬĽǶȣ̴ʿϴ͸
ʿҺһ屻سΣѪĽ
˾һɢеĽҲĶӣܵǣ
⣬תۼڣڱ߽紦һƵɽͣ£һ̬ߣһڶǰֺݺݵһһ޴ƺȻɽ֮ϡ
âɽγһԲεĹĻ赲סƵ䡣
Ļڣɰǧʿ׷ɫŵգһ׷ӷɳȵٹĵѣǺ⣿
սɭΣڹĻ֮ϣɫƽһץǹĻ̷ص̼֨Ƭɢһա
Ŀͫһգ˵תߣһ䣬Ȼӳʮ֮⡣еƲȻǰɭӣĿһۣһﲻһӣХһһĶͷԪӤ
ԪӤһ֣̱һɻԵɷ顣
ľսֻԪӤڣɶԷʵȻԪӤڵĶ壬ΪҲˣ˼ûУֻӹ˽١
ܲɭһ粽׷˳ȥ
ɭҲᣬ˵ɽĹĻ󣬻ٹᵤʿһϣ˾ɱҲƬ֮䣬ɽ壬Ѫɺӣһڡ
ŵɽ壬ʱȫĴռݣĵվɽϣǵϿգȥɭڵʮλԪӤʿƮȻϡ
սʿĿ磬гɱ֮⣬һûжԴս޷֮ȴǵĽǻ޲£µû˿ɹ
սаħڡšʬڣһһͳΪˡڵӣÿ˿ɻһᵤڻһԪӤ𷨱
սڼ䣬ɱ˶ȡ֮ƷӦУڲսһǣһսҸ˸ϣǰһԣһΪԡ
һԪӤʿɿȼһ˵֮⣬ÿ˽һɼ¼ǵɱɱϰߣ10ߣƷʯ10顣ɱ϶ˣڶʮˣᵤһˣҩʮƿ


һʮ 뵤
ԪӤʿ߳һȫݵߣۣϿƣĿ谵ûκξ񣬴ʱƤԷɳƵ˵ÿɱߣɻ뵤һö
뵤һ֣Ĳ߼ʿϢһأԼ١
ļУҲж뵤˽⣬뵤٣ٹʮǻٹƷ鵤ӽᵤʡǽᵤڷ£ʱֱȶڡڵļλҩҵѶϾʣµʮǴӼǧǰһֱСĵı
Լǧʿֳֻ飬ֱӵԵҲС
ЩɢܲʳһߣɱɾԪӤڸѲܣʱ֧ԮֿԷԪӤڵʿ
ֱֵʮӵĵڰСӣڰСһгԱʮˣͬɣˣΪʮĲҡһаħһᵤʿսв֪ΪΣֻԼ
ǽӵǸʮռ߾һΪսʿֻһⵤ˵Ϊŵ϶࣬Իÿһʵϲ˲٣üݣҲΪ
뿪ǰһ̣﻽˰ֽȥ
һµĸ¥ڣվڴߣңٹ֮׳һö򣬿˵˵ռʱǿΪڱֳΪֻڣ
ֽӹʶһɨʱɫŹڼ¼Сŵͼͼڱ˻ٹ߰˸ң滹ıЩҵȼԼʢֲϡ
Ŀ΢ĵ״²µ˼ֶԷĺ塣
һ֣˵ͼһݣɱʮʿһһݣսǰɱһʮˣһݱ㡣ȥɡ
ֶ˵ת뿪ĻղѾ³֣û۵ʩᣬеֻǲƽȵĽ
Ƚ˵ٹԪӤʿЩζΪϺ飬¶֮¡ڵͼףǸ£ȻԵõû£սҲԹñˡ
ֱսĵ׸ı⣬ͼֻһ뵤ص㡣
ӽᵤʵĵҩڱصãļƻѰȪϾ֮󣬱нϴļʳɹᵤһļʧܡ
ֶڽᵤһԽᵤɹôͱʾΪԪӤµһˣԣа뵤ϻȪϾļʣŽᵤٰ˳ɵİա
뵽Ŀ¶һɱ֮
˵ֶ飬ڵڶɢʮԪӤʿǻڷԲ֮ڣһжԷԪӤڳ֣ǽ˲ƹȥ
һԼʮ˵ʿ̤Ž⣬Ѹűȥһߵɽͣ£һòƽ˫ȴʱ¶ɭɭѪ֮ɫߣȻ˵ʮӵʿѾʼפԱضԷǰ֧Ԯ֮ˣǵ񣬾Բ֮ڣһ֮ͨˡȸɢз֪ͨҡ
˵գϥأ۲ǵڰСӵĶӳаħڽᵤʿЩʿ˶Կ⣬˵ȣһӡ
ֽһ̤ɳԶһ£ɡˣҲ׷ɢѰҴ֮أһʱ֮ܳ΢ĺ⣬쳣ž
۾ɨܣĵ׶԰ԼＫΪ뷨ԼλӦڵһȥɨɽŲŶԡĻˮȻ㣬ʺĵط˵ܴܲﾭ֧Ԯ֮ˣʵǵζ
ʱȥȻ˫ۣԶ¶һ˿Ц
ʱҲ쳣վӣңԶֻʮ⼱ٷ촽ſ³һī⣬īһ֣̻һѼһӣǼͬʱЦȵɱ
˵գһ̤ͳܵĵڰСʿһ֮ڰա
˫ûһԷɱϣʮˣûнᵤʿȫڣһʱֳ˰һ׹ŹֵĽ󣬰Χڣһʱ֮޷룬ڣŭ
ʣڰСӵʿչս
Ŀ䣬ûǸʱӣͼ뵤ڱصãʱһɽ˲֮ӶԷһʿؿڴ͸һǻѪ
ʶһɢʣʿ׷һŷɽּ䣬һһЩؿڴ롣
˿߸ʿȫַɽ֮£ȴ֪ڷɽ֮ǰ⼸Ѿʶ
˲䣬˫ȫסˣΧĵзǵڰСԱȫԲ˼Ŀ⣬Ͷϡ
ǰķɽʱͷɢɭɭ⡣
Χİˣɫ̲԰ףһ˵ͺȵŰѸٺˣһеӶݶߡ
һۣĿ¶Щɵ֮ɫûգۼɱ߸ʿĲ²ֶΪڿڵӡĵװתһ룬ⷽã˵˴յЧ
ЩҪǰ˸ʿղŲ֪ʲô󣬾Ȼ԰һᵤʿס̫棬ԼԱǰ
ɫǰһͣ׷˳ȥۿҪ׷ϣǰ˸ʿҲ֪ʲôȻȫðɫ壬Щһ֣̲ס˫ȣٶȶʱһࡣ
Ц˫ӡԼؿһʱһɢŨŨĽ𵤣³һ̴ָ֮Ȼ˳ȥգۼ׷ϰˣײϺ󣬽ջء
˿Ѫ̴Ӱһͷ¡
ʣһۣٶȷӵޣȥһʱȻӳԶˣһᣬ½ĴӰ¡
һֻѸٴԶɵɫ΢䣬Ҫ˵Ȼֵ
в°˵ʿﴫͬʱִߴ˲Զ
ʱѾֵ߳ϰٵ⣬̵ͷܣͷʱѾûֵӰɵﰵ
ڰСӵԱƲ÷׷ˡ
ַɳԶۿˣһȵ棬ڝһصףչȥ
ղɱʮʿʮ˸ͿɻȡһŵͼͬУ˵ȫϣȡÿõ뵤ĳɼҪж
ϰٵ⣬նĿָǹһԴۿ󣬸˹ȥ


һʮ ٵ
죬ֵ֮ޱȣǰԶԶĵţֻһٶʿն̼Զ֮ء
˵󣬵ǿӿݣǶϱ۲кŨҵѪ֮紵
ǰʿٵ˲䣬ٹʿ˷Ȼ֣սʼ
ͬʱ˵Լ׵ĽԶӴϢܣ۾һУ˾ԪӤڸ֡
Ǹһٽ㱻ٹѲӵԪӤʿϣ˫ԪӤʿսһɽﲻһ̣غƱɫ
ţİʿһԶѸٷս
Ŀ䣬󣬼ʶһɫ磬ӵȻԾŽս˫˸ȥ
һʹɽɱеڵӣһնɱʮĵ˺ҪӽͻȻǰоͬһѾ޴Ӻݺݵײ°㣬۾һʶûκ谭֧飬ӴӰһͷ¡
˸ʿɽסһᵤڸ֣󣬰ȫ΢ϱ̣ʶ·һֻֽҰɢһգʧȥ壬Ӱˤ¡
ǱĽᵤڸһǰʱ룬æԶĵз
һٵʿƾһԪӤɽնɱͬ׸ֺЦһһڵŮ޲ϣ͵˺£Ůǰ·̻ɲ¶ۺɫĶǶŮ޾ֵļУսԵ
ٵʿ촽¶а֮⣬ץŮѸٺˣû˳ֻǰ⻮Ӳ£еŮޣͬӿе䡣
Ǳɽʧȥ˵Ŀƺ󣬲ûֹͣУӿٵŵڽӽ˲䣬ͻȻֱֵץסصʧ
ԽԽʿԵ޹ʵĴˤ£һĻӣһ۵ĽᵤʿŵĳλãһָҲ֪ԺַʽݵϢֻʮڵʿ̳սָ֮ȥ
ɫ侲ͷߣ첻Զȥʮʿһһ̣ϵָ룬׷֡
߳ʮפ㣬ʶȻɢǰ־ǾģʮʾĶ̺׵һһʶ˫޹⡣
ڵ֣ѾûɽĴӣû֮ģ谭Ų֮ˣǿɱ
սûжԴеֻһ˿һԣڴͬʱҲȻϢĸıԸ񣬼伫ǿɳƵϵһնħ
ħǾħ֮ħҲ֣һħ֮ơ
£ܳа·
֣ӵԸΪһ˾ʿԴ˹ҫ棬ϧ޳˾ͽϵĳ֣Ըϸ΢ı仯ֱ仯ԽԽ
ҫ桭ѶϡѾҫ֮˵ԸתȻ˾һǾͳ˾µһɱ¾ħ
¶֮ɫЩ˵Ĵ󣬿ʬһۣһΣصףλսȥ
̣ңսóʯڵһ󷨣ʮʬһһڣÿһʬ屻ӽ󣬶̱ըѪա
һʬԱҧָ⣬һѪʯϡ
ʱһ˿תȦɢļʯҲʧϸֲκζߡ
Щӳصףսȥ
ʱ˫սѾŵȻԪӤʿսԽӼңԽԽ㣬Ƶʿ׷ױá
ʱﵫʿӶĴӰԵ޹ʵˤ£غˤࡣ
ԽԽʿĽս飬һ˿ңٹʿץסᣬѸ׷ɱϡ
֮ǰɱֵǸüͷ壬Ŀ磬ͷһɨһ棬ٴһָʱһᵤʿ˵˹ȥ
ǽᵤʿ˲䣬̶ߣᵤʿЦͺһһʱһƵӡǣаȥѸ㣬Ų֮Ծȥ
ǽᵤʿ¶һ˿֮ɫԷ֮ɱôʿ޷ǿһķѣԼֻҪСһЩȻֵ
뵽˫һһѽɫ׶ת˫֣֮Զһº֮ƿշɳ׶ٶ̫죬ܳһȦȦ
ͷҲأӳٹŵļߵҲѸǰԾߡǵһ̻һɫȭͷȻ׶ӡ
ײһ̣׶ת磬Ӳȭͷ˳ȥֻ԰ٶȴֱıƽ֡
ɫ糣׶Ӵ˲䣬ٴصףչݳʮܶʼΣȻ֮
ᵤʿŲæĸϣз֮ɫŨ˵֮ˣ˻͵Ϯ֮⣬ûбıô
һﲻʱûаͣһԶͻȻͣ͵ػͷʱǽᵤʿȻϿա
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ڣʿµȻ俪ð˲ʿڣԶԶȥֻһŨܵɢ
ЦϥأɿԪӤڷʱһԲβƴɢߡʱ׶Ȼҵײڲ֮ϣǲȴֻǻζ£û˿ĺۼ
׶һۣӴóɽһĨħͷɫӰӶʱɳ˷ܵĶ¶Ҫɵԥɫ
˵˫ۣʶŭˣһɫ粻ϵĴʶڳһγһƣȻʶ
ʶ״һ˿壬㳲ǺƴͷƮ˲䣬ħͷ¶־循֮ɫһԡ
һ֣̻һħͷһתħͷ֮Уֻڽᵤʿϥأɫһ«תȦ֮䵭ա
յһּΪ֮󣬽Ѫħ󷨽ṹ㸴ӣصҪʿѪΪħʮʿΪµ󷨣ʱסᵤʿû̫⡣
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ֵļʶУǽᵤڳʿӦȻ˫ֲۣ˼ħͷѸһˣӺ«ԼԷ̳Էڣʶ
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¶ʹı飬ѸС˫ۻ裬дƬĺɫжϿһΪ
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һţֱۻħͷ̰ħͷ飬Ǿ˸ͿϾ֮ɫŨֱֻϣħͷӰȻٴγ֣ҧϣڴڵɡ
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ʵħͷҲп࣬ɿڣֶ̺ԥɱɿɿڻһܰᵤʿʶ£˵̴ͨʱڰǿɶļһҲˣӴ֮֮ң
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ħͷϲ֮ɫһҪȻʶĺһӵϣħͷװסħͷĵĺУεİǽᵤڵʶһ˳
ħͷڵת³ʶȻһʶ΢һ̴Žᵤʿʶʼ̮ʶ뿪ع
͵˫ۣǴһ˿ЦʶڣᵤʿʶƮ棬ڱʶ̻
ʱΧĽɫ׶ӣɫ˵ϡջһץ׶ץпۺ봢
ǰȥĳ£ӵץһʯɢһգ¶ϥȻĽᵤʿ
վԱߣһʿüģͺȵ㡣
һⲻĵĴʿħͷӣ۴⣬̾Ϣһصóķɽڣջش
ֶʿĿͣѶԷ£һӣʿѸȼջһѺֻ̿Ǻ֮̿УһĽ𵤣𵤵ĴСɿɫҲԽԽɢļ
һץס𵤣˼һ̤ʧԭأص׳ȥ
һǧɣԶĵصϥأڽ𵤣̱һɰȻɢֵȫ
̫ӴֵܲסڱǼ䲻Ѫֶ˵һüģ̳֣һץӽռ䡣
ռڣ̷˾ͽԪӤ֮ϥĿɣģѪ㣬ھƤ¸ֶ
˫һֹŹֵķʽһְֻڶͷһְֻڸγһѭͬʱĬĬ
ڽ𵤴ӴѸٵתȫļ⡢ϵرϴԽӼ
ռºȻ˫ۣĿ֮ɢ»ָ
аħ˵ɽ𵤿ΪȻ٣ϵĿھӡȻսڵϧֻǳڽ𵤣ֻ˴ſϣûֻһɡ
վȭͷ΢գ¶˼֮ɫİ˽һɵͻڣﵽڴԲļٵ磬ᵤڣûħͷԼҲаһƴ
ռ£൱ʮ죬뿪ռ󣬽棬ʱֵҹһƬž
ս֮أֻϲʬǱôӵ¶һ׵ĵԨ
鿴һѸ뿪Żٹռݵɽ崦ȥʱɽ£ӵصŲ̤ͣŷɽֱӳȥ
·ϴʿ̲飬ó¼ɱ󣬾һ·ֱϣɽƫ⣬˴ǵշٻ֮ء
ƫᵤŮϥ˫ֺۣ±۾ᡣ
վڵ⣬Ӳμʦ𡣡
ɡᶯӵڴ
ֶ˵ֻ߽һʯϣ߻һˣʿ誣һͷ㿴⣬ü
̬Ҳƣɨһۣ˵£
û˵ǰ˦һӹδ鿴ϸĴּۣŲŲæʶ֮̽ڣɫʱĹŹ
תͷӷнӹʶһɨüͷԻЦɱʿʮһˣᵤʿһˣܼȥȡ뵤Һܺ棬֮ǰڣΪô͵Բļٵ磿ҼˣҪɱһᵤʿҲǲܵ飬ģ˵Ȼ
⣬֮ǰѾԤϵʱɫݣƽ˵ǽᵤʿΧӶݣ׷ʱȻ֮ʣҶý𵤣аħɴ£Ϊٵ硣
ɴ󷨡Ŀ磬壬ȴн࣬ĵ˼֣˵
ĿһۣӴóһӳ˵ǵڶݵͼᵤʿҸʮˣɱһʮˣȡݡ
ֵ˵ͷӹʶ鿴ȷǷݵͼݵͼһ𣬻ϻٹܵĵòһ
ٹشħԵӵͼϿٹڵĴ½ûԹյͼħһߣһ½Ǵ½֣ͼûʾǷݵͼϻнܡ
ڶݵͼϣŹħϸܣֲδϸʶ
ʿѾսдս۾⼸õĻᡣΪ͵Ŀ֣Ц˵
Ҫ˵Ȼ洫һŵļУɫ˲ʧԭء
æ߳ƫֻһȫƿ˿ڣйԪӤ˵λѣơޣɱˡ


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粻Ϣ˵ΪЩһʱĿ궨һϡ
ǵصĻ׷ɱ龰־ЩͷƤ飬ĵ̴⣬ͼҪõ뵤ûʱ俿µ׻ˡ
뵽üͷǵͼڷУʱֲɱ˻۵һʮĿһĵ״⡣
ʶһۡζ˵λĵ׸֣ĵ˺󼸲Ѹλ÷ȥ
ΪսɽѲߵӣһ̲иѲӣ۾ȴʱɽղǸԪӤ߷ɹʱ۾һ˿ԤҪд·
ǿѹĵ׵ĳظУ۰̾һҪѲӣȻһ𣬸ı䷽λűԶַȥֺ¿˿۲μˡ
ִһתһ˵Ϻ磬ģ
ĵȻɻ󣬵ȴûзʣǳ˼˵ҼǵʦӦڵӵĵСӣǲ̫塣
ֿۼۣ˵ϺĻѪѾ黹ˡ
һ̼ܿǿŻָ̧ͷ֣ţƺҪ˵Щʲô
ɫ糣˵ϺˣѪ㡣
˫۳Ѫּú˴˻棿
üͷ𣬵ǵ˵ͷ
۶˵óһڶͷҲ֪˵Щʲôֻ˼º󣬱׳һҹ˸š
һԶɽƿһݰףɨüŮӰ£Ϻ硣
ɽü΢壬Ҫ˵Ȼע⵽ߵ֣ɫ̲԰׼֡
һӣ۵ĻѪʱ˦۽ӹϲ֮ɫҿϺ磬ͷѸ뿪֡
Ϻɫ԰ףź촽ú纬㿪ڵʼ桭ĸףҺ̲쳣ԡ
ҡͷ̾˿˵ѾȥᣬϺ磬һæ
ϺһĬ˵ǵͼô
ֵͷ˵ҵļڼԶ֮أûеͼҲλ
ϺӵĿһۣȻ˵ɱˡ
ʲôΪüͷһ
һڣһڴԲϺ¶⣬˵
ãֺԥͷӦ
Ҳʶһ÷ʦ˼һһܰ㲻ȥɱʱɱ٣ڵͼһʱҶϺ˵꣬Ŀһۣתݽ
Ұһ顭Ϻ¶֮ɫԶ
˼ĿϺ米Ӱۣʶɢҵ˼λã˼ϴһ˿ʶʱѰΪ㡣
˼λúֽŵ̤ص׶ȥ
ʱֻصԭأϥȴϺ硣
ϹŹ֮ɫղںɽĳƫƧҵ˼ʱܰ磬鲨ˣص߰׻ϵײžž
ֿһᣬ֪ܰһ˿ºʶȻ뿪
ھϺδһڵŮӣӽһͷҲص߿
һץյУʶ鿴ֲɫ봢ڣԥصףԶԶȥ
ͼϲִпٹ½Թڴ½֮һħ
ҪԹҪ;⴫˵бħ޵ħ
ͼйħĽֻܲ࣬صǿ˵ΣգԪӤʿҲ̤롣
ҵͼϵħĺ󣬶Ϲʱڴսʱһͨ÷ɱС
֮ħƣΪǡԭеҲڳʱĽУӦ档
ͬʱħÿһµʱ䣬±ɺˮһºٴλָԭ
ӵĵòԴƶ񤣬ϡ٣ɱԽȱȽǣĳΪħߵľۼأһЩߵȼ´ͨ׷ɱĶޣҲ׷ˣħòӱ׷ɱ
ħ֣Ҳɴ˶ıΪħң߻ӣħˣԸߡ
һ߶ߣһڵͼϵĽܣȻ΢٣ͣʶӵصɢֻڰնǰһŮţɫ԰ףӸҡҡ׹
Ůụ̈ҫ紺ӣƮݣһ֮ԵŮĽ
׷֮ˣһͷ꣬һ߲׷һ߸٩СӣСʮˣѾһһɱ㻹ܵȥء
Ľһﲻҧ´ǰȥ
ָһӣֻһĽĽУ˺´Ƭ¶ѩ׵ļ
һЦַڱǼһ£˫¶һ˿⡣
ֿ˼۱ջĿ⣬ΪߣǽᵤڣֲԸ鷳ʱҪ֮ڻǰ뿪
Ľֻһ棬ʵڷƴȥȣҪ뿪֮ʱȻͷĿһֶ˦һڹֱֲĵ档
ȻһСȻˣ°ɡ
ְ̾Ǻڹе˲һԾĽ죬ͷһɫϲɫ㣡ʦ־ң˵ţ·ɽʱת˸䣬գۼߡ
һЦһ㣬ǰ̻ûֻ߰ɽ̼ȻٽˣֻЩɽ󲿷ֵĿ궼֣Ľֻһѣָ֮ҪȻǶԷɱ
ְ̾һץסĽֱ֮յĶɽٴγصףչ£Ѹٶߡ
ϹŴͨĩ֧ٶҲ쳣죬ִһˣٶȲδ٣۶ߡ
꿪ʼһϷʵı飬Ʒɽ棬󲨶ӵ洫ݶ¡ܿ죬ٶԽԽ죬ϷŰ֮ģͷ׷ȥ
ֻ˵ǽᵤڣóٶȣͨڵķɽ׷ٶƵж¶ƣȻԽ׷ԽԶ
ɫͷĽһۣĿ¶֮ɫĽͷ֪Լ˶Էź촽ɿ˵˫ŵĳϣ֪Ӻδ֪һö뵤Ųϧǰ
û˵꣬Ŀͳ˵뵤
ֵĿ⣬ĽΪ£Ǳѩ֮ˣȻҲ¶뵤֣Ϊܹǰ˾ԼΨжһѡ
ϾǰͬٹܱǸᵤʿҪã뵽˵Ʒ뵤ûУֻһƷĿⲻƣȦ΢죬æ͵ŵ뵤ûгƷģǰƷֻðʱͿһΪƷΪ뵤һƷ㴢أһڷ£Ч𡣡
תԭƵȥħΪ˦꣬ץסĽ޹ǵСѸٸı䷽Żٹ߾ȥ
ԼĴ㣬ѡһȥɽ壬ڶ࣬Ҿ벻ԶһＴɻȣȲ˵Ľᵤ᲻ܣǵɽĽǱԣŪ뵤
ڶѡ񣬾ȥٹ߾ʱ䣬ڻӦѾǰ·ϡ
ûκԥѡ˵ڶ·
׷ᣬۿԷٶԽԽ죬ŭһӴóһƬˮҶصĿ˼ۺǰһףҶӭ㳤̱һɶ೤̤Ҷϣӡͺȵ
䣬ҶڡһѸǰȥٶ̫죬ԭ²Ӱðɢȥ
˫֮ľĽɫӲ԰ףȥǱ׷ϵĺĵײɵԹֲɽȥѡ񣬲뷨Ҳֻ룬˿¶ߣŭԷ¡
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м䣬ʶ̲ԶһƬĺƣǵذϯ
׷꣬һǺƣɫ䣬ԥĵת򣬷׷ѸٷߡйػٹԵɣ͵֪һǰԶƬĻ޺¡
ȺٶȣȻǺܿ죬ֵ֮Ҳٶһ˫˲䣬˺ܳľ롣
ĽľĿϵĻԽԽԶĵ԰̾ͷӦͣ£ӦȥѶ⡭޲Ǳסô
Ŀһۣ˵֪ˣġ
ʱһǿʶȻ֣ذɨͻȻ϶ְãӴڷҺһڣݷ˵ץĽչʮ֣һ¶ߡ
ѾɳԶĻޣͻȻһͣص׷׵ת׷
ֻ˫ԶټַӦ죬ʼٶȲû죬һʱ֮»Ȼ׷ֻԶԶĵţ޷׷ϡ
ĽʶȻĲŹֵһĻĵһŹֵͷָоЩ޵Ŀ꣬ǻˣǰꡣ
жһŴͨҪķѴʷҲϸҪ󣬿ĩ֧αķͬ޴⣬Ҫ󲻸ߣϵÿȷգȻʱ䲻õʱȴ࣬ΪֹĽ£Ȼü졣
ĺķѣ˵ֱ׵Ļµľķѡ
ݣִĽٹĻޣȻԽ׷Խڻٹı߽磬ִӵص˳ԶħƣѪɫĽ˵аڻ׷֮ǰ뵤Ʒô
Ľڶ֣Ȼĵײ˾¸УѾȷ޵ĿǰˣȻЩ޲ܷŻ˲ȥȫת׷һ·ϿЩ޵ӣƺŨܵޡ
ҪģĽ˽⣬֪˽ᵤʿ⣬ڸͲ죬ԷÿµЩҺ壬ĺ档
ֵĻɫӲ԰ףıѩβ²Էĺ壬ǻԷһ˿ޣ뿪ȵȡ
궨ԥԼƷ뵤Ȼܡ
뵽Ľܶ౻˺ʿĵ׺µ¡
üͷһ壬ڱʱȣɶԷȴʱ򷢴֪Ľĵ׵ЩͷʵĽĲ²ⲻȫȷܶʱƷȻ߰Ʒ뵤ҲһЩķټϻ޵ĿĽҴĿܴܺ
Ľ񿴵üĵһ촽ʦʦ֣ʱ̫̣ҡƷҡһżеҩҶƣҺܶϹŵҶμģֻҪвұơ
һĽۣۿԶֺ߳⣬ץĽֱۣѸħȥ
Ľȴ֪ⷬȷֶˣֿĽһƶ¯õĺˣΪܴ
һ㣬ֻͨвƵƽϵõ
ħ󣬵òǳɰΣ˵Ǹ޴ҲΪֻɽڶ࣬Ȼûľȴкܶι״ֲƾȥЩֲ׷ݵϹʱڵĺֲ
ֽļڣֵħŨ֮ʱò˶ãͻɺˮһµĺˮں󣬺ˮͻȻ˵ֻٴαơ
ĽųŨУ´ʦʦ֣ħ
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һħУһ˿˿֮д־Υĸо־һû뵽ȻĵЩϲ
ٹȣħͷ·һٹȳΪĶԱȡĽǵһħǰ˵йħĴţӿͷɵɫ֮ղŻҪ԰׼֡
ͣħڣ˵̫Ũ͸ɿԶ߻ٹ߽硣ֻԶܲƼȴͣħ߽磬˷಻ķŭ⣬ٲǰ
ģԽΧԽ࣬ʼûһֻħ벽֮һεĹ㣬ȴ
֮һֻ޳˳ոһ̷ҽУѸСð̣ƤɫҲɺɫѸٱɻɫһĻͷ·ǰһոճ¯Ļ̿ӵˮһ㡣
ֿĵ԰Ĵ㣬ǻ׷ƾħڵЩԼʿֹ޵롣
ħĴС൱ڼǧٹôͼ˵⣬ħĽȴװ׵ĵ˲졣
ôħߣǻңҲѰ١
һץĽƶ¯ƶɿ죬˳ȥʶɢй۲ܵ춯
һᵤΨһĴ㡣ֻнᵤɹΪԪӤµһˣаħ档


 ħ һʮһ а
ħˮŨܣдһ˿ոսûãϵ·ͱʪճĺܡ
ٿĽɫʱѲ԰ףǺνϸ֬۹塣ϵ·ͬʪ¶͹µ壬ǳˣ뻭
ֿһ۱ջĿ⣬Ĳ㲨Ľǻ뵤óƸֵҩԲ档
ħһ޴أ³֮ȻδףȴĲԽ£ϢԽء
пʼһЩϡŹֵЩмֻɢľ֮УСĽ֮£һ·ϵҲоա
Ľ֣ħĴ̫ˣûκεɽʵΨһħŮ޲࣬һŮޣǿĿɽ³ޱȡ
ٹû֮ǰħı߽ϣפŴʿвԪӤĿľǷֹħһЩħ޳Ӷᡣ
ħһЩǿǴλãԵһЩСֻҪõƲ̫ķˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãȻͣĽƲЩײϣĿ䣬תԶУȻ
ݸߵĺӰгֻ֣òֻ֪ʿһ˼Ļﴫ
˵ҶаΧʶİŮ£ġ
û˵꣬һ룡ͼܣħ޵ɽֻǿߡһӣʶ˲ɢԷֻڣնɱġ
̼䣬ɫ޲˫¶ã֮ɫԽԽʶ𣬵
̤ǰȥ˵ĴҽһߣʬŨУ󿴶һۣѸǰȥ
ĽȻǰһĻһοֳ֣ԷʵһڣɾȻ֮ûУľôˡ
ĵ׾𣬿ֵıӰȻǰ˵߾ǳ˫սǧ˵Ĵս
սڣһ飬ڵӣһڽսʱ׷ĪӰˤ¡
һҲͰˣɶԷҲͲˣȻмһȫ½ʱ˵󣬻ΪǴԣĵײδ棬ڿǰھȻϢɵ뵽ǳսۡ
Ųʵʦʦ֣ڻˣǸӣ
ͷأ䵭ʮӡ
⡰ʮӡĽУ̾ͬǴװը죬ļǵã˵ٹսʮӡԿ϶ǰ꣬ǵڵӴ֮ˡ
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ĵɫȴκβδͣзʵҲ֪
ĽֵĻĵ׸ȷԷʹõľǴ˵мɵϹͨɣһɣֻҪ˵֣Ŀָ֮ˣ
ȷϹʱڱΪħΪ֮˹ҪһһΪָʵʾŮԵԪԲ֮ڶΪʬ֮֮ƫȴ֮𡣵Ϊɱɱ¾һ̶ȣȻһ־־תɱ
һһ̭߿ɳһÿܳʹÿ꾭һξһ̭
˾ѭ֮СɣҪĻ󣬸ݼ㣬մɵļʣ㡣ͨȻ󣬵̫ħҲٻ
Ľ֮ɫ΢ĬһĬĽĵ׸Ӻ£ֹסľ
ħһʱڳ뺣ף˴Ũ֮Ҳ֮Ũ١
ŵ˺󼸲˲Ծһҵһʵĺɽ壬ɽһľʯϣһĴ׳һѷɽһɽ壬ɽȥ
ǺϴüͷɽļӲ̶ȳ󣬷ɽ棬Ч΢
һٴ´ʱʮѷɽһԾʶɢÿѷɽ֮ϣ̻һ꣬ɽ塣
ôһչ̴ԾɽۿɼٶȣѸٳһѨĽһ·ͶֵΪϰΪһȻôԿʮѷɽҲ˿档
Ȼ֪ʮѷɽҪʿʶŶôҪ
ʱȥɽڳһ󶴣ʯļ䣬һԵĶʹγɡĿӴóʯܲ󷨡
Ľ񿴵󷨺ٴ¶ɫĿ˼󷨺оɫȴԼ¶һ˿мܿιȥ
ֻһ˿мȻǱַ˵һֱڲ󣬿ʶȴδĽƿ˵ص·ϣҲȻˣĽʲô쳣ٶ־Բκθ˵ϧ֮飬ԥնɱ
ְʯźãδתⶴҴ㳤פǱ룬Ҵһ֮㣬ֻܿԼ˵꣬תĽ
Ľҧأ˵ƮǰӴóһѺɫС죬ַܷһЩģֽӶĲ󷨣󻹰֮ǰõһһ
Щԥһ£һҧӴصóһɫ޹ǣ÷ɽɼκ¶֮ɫϸһڼ֮λ
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⾧޹ǣֻô࣬󷨸ι̣Ҫ޹ǡ
˵꣬һףӳһֽӹʶһɨ¼ǽʬķϸ򣬿Ľǰһָ
Ľ֪ԷŲҲ߽ڣ˫һУĽһʶ˽ȥ
һ·ȫĴ󷨣߽ʯĽӴóһС죬һΣʱתð濴Էֲ˵ضߣ߽Ҳֻܿɽ壬޷
ڶڣֵĿ⣬´Ľ񣬿ĽɫԽӲ԰ף˼ʦ֣Ϊ뵤ô
ҡͷƵĵҩҲҳԡ
Ľ˫̺ͷú̧ͷ¶滨ףʦֶо֮Ҫβſң˵ǡһ̵ޱˡ
ĽòֲΪ̬Ȼɣ侲˵ҲԸǿѣݵҪֻҽᵤǰΪ㹻ĵҩҽᵤԻ뿪ħֻڼ䣬Ҫ㽻ѪȷƵҩֱʡ
Ľĵ˵ͷüģƳһѪк󣬻ѪƮȥ
ֽӹӳ˵еĲ϶㿴Ƴʲôҩ
Ľʶ鿴̾⡭ǻľеƲݣ⡭ȻзٽݡԽԽľЩڵĲϣһҩݣһЩѾڻٹֻÿսĵӣŻһЩ
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ֵͷ˵ֻҪƷҩڹ⡣
Ľ״ζ¶΢ЦЦȻŵ˵ʦַģһ£ЩҴԼΪĻᵤܶʮССйЧĵҩƳɺΪʦһһܡʦЩУһΪ֮ħѪ١˵ţһóһ۵ĺɫľ
ħѪ뵤ζҩľ֮һͬʱҲҪĲϣħѪֻڹżϼ⻹ǵһοʵһö뵤ֻЧ΢ѷɫһЩϾҩݣҪѰҴƷ
ɫƽ˵֮£Ҳʡֵ׼һˣգ¶ԼСġ
˵꣬Ҫ뿪Ľԥһ£æֵʦ֣ſɷѰһ¯ҩﵹ˵Яĵ¯Ҳʹã뵤ͨ¯Ʒɹֻһ룬뵤Ʒļڵ¯ɵġ
üͷ΢壬ɨĽһۣĬû˵߳
Ľа̾Ҳ֮ǰƭɵ֮ǰ˵ʵԷܿܰԼ²ܣڼȻزѪˣ뵤Ʒļ飬Ͳò˵ˣպһֱʣ¶Էһ֮»Ǩŭ
˶ֱңħԹڴ½¶ɭɭ⣬ٻԪҾҪᵤˣҽӤ֮գɱԹѪϴټҳ֮ʱǧǰȥţһȥ
к⽥գ̤չѸǰȥĿģѰ޹ǡĽ˵Ǿʬֻм޹ǣſԷӳ֪ԼչسᵤڼΣķħҪһ԰ȫĶſɱ֤⡣
⻹һ㣬ѧսҲͬҪͷӦ¯ߵ֮£޹ڱصáͼħĽܣ˵ŨУвޣ֮⣬һЩ޹Ƿֲס
ֻЩ޹ߣһ·ãҲδһߣټϺʮŨܣӾʧȥãֻʶſɲ鿴ܡ
߼䣬ɫ΢˺󼸲ֻһĽŤŤĴŨдָղ֮λһ
ֵΪȻﵽԲļٵ磬ǽеʿһԼĪʮ꣬ΪڣɫϺڣ٣Ȼ˾綾ңʹɽƲ顣
ǽһɹһ׷ᡣ
¶Ź֮ɫ׷ʿ֮ˣһʮԲʿ˫ϸһ˿а֮ɫӿ֡
аУһκɫ޹ǣһ߲׷һ߲ϵ޹Ǵÿδһ޹϶Ʈһ˿ɫ
һ֣̻ϸ˿Լٶ׷ǰʿڡ
ʦ֣㵹ǿܰʦ뿴ʮ־綾׻ֶܼáа޹Ǵ˿ļ˵ʦ֣ʮ־綾ʦܿ׼˺þòðȫĻڵΪʦҲôҶأܲˡ
ǰˣؽҧһﲻ·ɽŤŤǰС
ʦ֣ѾܴˣȫʦܣöɡаƵ˵˸˼֡
ִȤĿе޹ǣ΢ͣȻϢĸȥ
ǰˣĻͷҲɳɣľɱǧģҪ飬ʦ˼ôΪͽͬ˶֮£Ͳʦ֪
аЦ˵ʦٺ٣ʦְʦĬϣĿŵԹǶ͵Ϯأ
һһںɫѪήӷɽϹ¡а߼ɵɴƷɽڶԷʬ͸£ȷԷץʬҪ뿪
Ȼ͵ͣǰŨվŵһӰ亹̴Ӷͷڳ׷ɱʦʱʶȫɢûκˣڶԷȻԼǰΪԶԼ
ʬ壬æȭһа죬ʵ飬аɵɣľ²μǰ֪ǰסȥ·кβǲԸ
߳䵭ɨ˶Էһۡ
ԭı飬һ֮£ȻһͻȻֱԷ͸˵ϸĸоʱһȻ
ָоֻʦʱŻ֣ʦǰֻ̤ᵤڵԲѵǰԼͲ֮ˣȻмٵΪ
ĵһ̬ӹ
޹ǣ䣬ûκθɫʡ
Խɣľĵ׾ԽǻңСħ󣬶ѬĿȾħޣȻΪߣȴһ˫ʶħ֪֮ۡЩΪĴħ飬ǰܶħ޶ӵУֻģ¶ѣ顣ǰǰĮĸоͷ·͸һ㣬ǶԷ˫ۣĵð⡣
æ޹׳κη֮⡣


 ħ һʮ һǱ
ѸħײͿշУһС죬һ죬Ϸӡϰٸ꣬һǸղŵɣľ£ɣľ֮ȴϳΪԵɡ
ͨɣľµĽ̸ֵ֪˵شԲڣħΧڶܴ࣬ССаɣ֮һ
ΪߣɭҲɣľµʦ棬ӵнᵤ۷ΪħΧС
ħΧԴƶ񤣬ϡ٣һ¼ԪӤħԸסǴ󶼾סħв
֮⣬ֻ֪ħΧûʲô޹ǣЩǿޣһ㶼ħĵشٻ߶ҲΧЩħ޿Խɱ֮
ֻǵõһϢڴ˵طԲڣյأյеʬȣڵв޹ǣѰ޹ǲϣȥ
ֵǣʬڣÿһʱ䣬ദһЩոʬЩеǰΪǿ󣬸ͲΪʲôʬˡ
ʬ˵أֻҪڹȣһ㲻Σշ
ɣľ¶ԸʦõĹǶҲȡʬȵһֽѻ޵ļоһֹ֣ǶֻЧЧΪľԽԽǶڴԲЧȫޣ˵Ըᵤˡ
ڵĿ꣬ʬȣɣľָѸٷȥ
ʬĿ֮һƬ಻ĺɽЩɽָе֮ͣССĵݹȡ
ʬȡ
˵Ũе⣬ӾӰ첻ֵֻǰ룬һ˿˿֮ӹڴƷȻͬ
дʣȻһ˿˿ɫĹǰۣγһɫĹɫһ֣ɫ̱任ձɫ
ĿͣרԼ֮Ʒʵķݹɫֹâֱϡ죬ԶӦĴ֮ء
ڹɫ˵˵ؾ߱ĵ֮λ
һָǰǹǰƮȥֲĸں棬һ߹۲ɫһѰ޹ǡ
ʬڣʶһɨ䣬ʿЩʿǷȥѰ޹ǣ໥֮伴ʹҲֻԵͷ㴩
ֳʬȲδֻһɴССϿɣԽߣʿԽ٣޹ҲԽࡣ
ھŸɽȺ󣬵ʬ࣬еΪˣȻռ˴ɽȡ
ִʱվһ߾޴޹ϣϸ۲һ󣬷ȡĴ㣬޹󣬵ȴûаȻδޣֻѡ
ԽԽ߽ڹȣɫҲԽӱأӵھŹȺѾκʿˣϵ޹ǽࡣ
ڵھŹͣĹ۲ܣʶɢָоھŹǰ˹ȽȻֲͬͬʲôԼҲ˵Ǹо˫۾˲䣬ۼ
Цʶɢ̺ɨһȦۼϵĿʱɢٴλָ֮ǰƽ
ֳƬ̣ȡ޹ǣѡһʮȥ߹ʮɽʱžһһΪ
Ŀأ֪ǵƷͻͨʮƷﵽϼһƷӵʮĸɽڴֵ壬ԼЩӲ
ֿ˿ܣ̾һ˵ʵõıչ֮أϧ￴ƽܱ֮ΪյأȻΣֲ֮ðȻﳤڱչأٺãûȫŪǰ˵򲻵֮£ѡ
޹һ·ѾѼһЩЧ̫ãҲӦÿԶһЩʬ
Ҫʹ뿪ĵЩʣʮĹȿȥԿʮĹȵĴòʮĹǰʮɽȲͬĴСͼ൱ǰܺ͡
֮⣬ʮĹ˸оģǼκʬ޹ǣ汻һ˪ǣȥΪء
ԶԶȥʮĹȲʬȵյ㣬ֻ˵Ǹոսһѡҡҡͷ˻ء
Ҫ뿪֮ʱȻԶһһ峤ǧɵľȻ
ɫһ䣬˺̤صףʶȴɢԡ
ֻӴһʱܷ󣬼գۼ䣬մʮɽȣʮĹڡ
ھԴϿշɹʱƬѪ£̧ͷȥֻԸһĻڣڵĳռ峤һ롣
֮ǰķȥֻһѪۣɼһ·УѪûֹͣ
ʮĹȵϿͣ£¶һ˿Įƺ˼ѾѪܣ̧ͷ죬һһܵĿ̻ƣһȦȦҵĳͷ·Ǻŭ˰㣬崡
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ڵصףҲܸо·ӲĹȥߣĵ׼Ϊ𺳣ʵ±֮ԪӤڻҪ߳֡
һ˫һ˿һͷӰ£˪ͬˮа㣬˽ȥ
һ˲͵ĴӵԾ˼һȥգۼ䴩ʮĹȣڰʱһץסѾ˪дӵβͣݺݵһק
ֻУĴӵصϳ˵ųصʬѸٷɳʬȡ
ʬ̫أȫҲֻǿţԼͷѹ֮ڻһ߸ոȥʬʹѾԲˡ
λƵķɳɽȺһ۾ͿЩɼ޹ǵʿһԴ˷ĿɿڴŰе
ЩʿȻϰɽʱܷ飬ǾԷ˲䣬һɢȫķҵ̵壬ˣ滹һܵ塣
ܹҴģ˾߱һΪ⣬ҪķӦͻͷԣЩ޲ǳʬԷΪҪֶΡ
ǼʹǳڴˣҲһЩǿ޷ɽڣȴûκܹѸոȥ޿
飬˵û˵δӲ˿ŵһʬ
һδõʬһ˲䣬󲿷ʿʧȥǣ˫¶̰ĺ⡣
ܸоĿԼϴͣһʬӰأչͬһ׵صס
µ˲䣬ʶһ˵ʿǽᵤ£һ̵
ʬ̫󣬼´Һ壬Ҳ߿죬̵ֻĿʬŶȥ


һʮ ź
֮һ·ĺķʮʱ䣬ֲŴʬȻص˶ڶ¶ͷ̽Ĺ۲ܣȷȫûκ쳣һԾʬҲק˳ڵϡ
һȻĽʶٻ֮򿪴¶ͷţ۾ͱǳǧɵֱķһ
Ĺͷ󷨣ãں󣬶Ľ˵
ĽĵͷһƬңһЩϿܣǿԪӤڵǿޣνһǱ
ͷԵȻĵҩԼƱɳΪΪ֮Ƥڼ׵ѡԹǡԽȵȣѵһı֮Ĺ裡
֮ǸԽԶԽϡ٣ڹЧԽѣһֱȫɱΪữһ
Ϲʱʿ֮ݴŷºɾ߱壬֮仯Ӵ֮Ϊκƿ뾳ơ
ֻγһҪھŰپʮꡣһ;ˣĿǰΪֹδȷĵ伮¼зߣ书ЧҲֻǴŰˡ
ӸĽֱ㲻ᣬת߽γУ¯⣬Բ¯ִɣľ˽⵽ħһ߶һڵĵط
ڷֲڶ࣬ںܶطе̣ʮ϶ǡ¯ֶҪĸߣֳãɣľἰаŸոջѼһʯŹһϼѵ¯ȥ϶ǹ뷨
¯飬ʱ׵Ŀǰʬǣ̶̳϶ǿ٣Աִ֮չأᵤڡ
һʯڣϥ£ԾʯźһĴɳʮѷɽĿ˸һָ棬ɽˢˢȥûãһɽ·ĵضγɡ
Ŀһһ⣬һɫǹɫ任ձǳɫüͷ΢壬žչͨһƷ֮أȻ޷ʬȣȪϾĺȴ㹻ˡ
һԾµضڵضƷʴﵽ˵ͨƷȻǼޣɢ򣬱Ŀ
ȪϾֱϾһΣ¼𣬶м֮У֮˿˿ڡ
ʱĹȥ˫ۣĿ¶˼֮ɫһĶͷӳ֡һε¶ˮӱһһȡ
ʱţÿ˴ȪϾ⣬ռҺҺռ֮ɴÿһʱռзʳҺ
һĽչɿ죬һµʱֻһںϣ̽ᵤ
һöʱҪԳһЩϾֵҲֻˣΪڴԲȪϾĵϲܳŻɹ顣
аɣһеûа㽹̬ÿճռҺ⣬һЩʱ䣬ʼħͷ
ǰԹΣ޷ֱħͷʶԿƣֻܽƫ棬ιķᡣ
˵ħͷдôϵİѻеĻǳһ˿ʶιħͷڵĻǣһħʿоȻ󲿷ֶǶаɵĵӣɣľµĽ漸ЩʦŶƷ˺󣬳Ƿӡ
ʱεŶȥڴ󲿷ֻǶħͷɺħͷڣȻϢһ˿ֵʶ
ħͷԼ֪ȻʶȻĻϲ⣬ѰܵĻᡣ
תۼ䣬ֱչѾ£ڵȻ߱ΣȥΡĽڵʯұһƬƬҩݡ϶֪ŪһЩֲһЩݣݵܣƷƷʯĳ󷨰£֤档
һСɵĵ¯ʯ룬ԱѻźܶʧܵĲĽԴֱչغ󣬱չơ
ϳ˲֮⣬һЩɢҵĽʱͻȻлƫʱó¼ҡ
ڵļʯңֱչȥһ䣬ʣֲ⣬һʯңȻĽԡ
ħʪڶҲ⣬ϵ·ûñʪĽһŮӣʵܲ飬ټϳʪĸоԷ˺ôȣŪԡ䡣
ԡ䣬ȫӣֻҪһת·ϵḻ́㱻ڣ뺮С
ľʬΪۣʱĽĻȻܽʬӦý
һᵤڿס£ԪӤڣҲ졣һĽϧǾܻ׽ȡԻڣô󷨲ˣһ߱ԣԪӤ£ڱɣԪӤڣҲŪûͷ
ϧԻʵ̫ȡãĽҲֻˡ
ԵĽ֮ȴиõ¯ͻơƤϸ÷ɽķ˽һµʱ䣬£һԱԺӦá
֮⣬һԽϳ˹衢Ե֮ĵ֮ʦ󣬴Сģһɷѳ֧ɡ
ľһСƿ裬̫󣬼ƵҩĽ񶼺һʧʧ̫԰Щһһ֮ջĿ⡣
˹Խ֮ȫĽ䴦Ľ£Ƥڼס
ִһ󣬳һԿֻŮԿɴڼףӸĽĽЦӹҲлֱӷ봢
ڼ׺Ƥʣ²٣봢ڣԺȡϡ
һֱ
ֹһ£һգڵźɣźͷءλãһ˿˿֮ѭ
˫ۣĿ¶֮ɫ˵ٴκۣ׼һһ
˾ͽϸĽȪϾһḶ́һΪںںϣںϣôİֻᵤڣںϴﵽһ˲뵤̣а˳ɵİգսᵤɹ
뵤δĽƳƷϾҪһϺõ¯Ʒ뵤ֻһҪ̶ȵı֤Ʒļʡ
ͬʱҲ׼ǾħѪһƷ뵤
ǰ϶ڵ¯̫ƤӦÿԻȻ־ϧһдۣҪŪһ뵽ʼһ


һʮ ᵤһ
ϡֱһһǴѨƽ⣬ʹϺ³ںϣǳںϡ
һ³һڣһһļʿͻᵤڣγĽ𵤡
־ʯҵصڣⲻĿռʱܲŨ֮˫Ŀգʶ壬Ѩ
һҪģƳϣʹ³
һѶȺܴһ֮ǰֻ֪ʱȴ̵ᵽѶáܴ󡱶ݣʵ̫赭дʵϣѶӦޱȾ޴
Ƴϣ־Ѿһ£һʱ޿̶ڳ̣һε谭ƾγ޷֡
ȪϾҪϡѨβܽɺѶεһֻ˵ѶȣڶѶȺܴΣǾޱȣҪ飬ʵ˵͵ѨĴ
Ѷȣ֪γ޹ָı˷ԣڳĥģģǲε谭ʱţı˲١
ĦʹԶǳ󣬼ǱīҲݣÿһĦֵ嶼ھҵĲͷĺ£һʹûиɹ
һûоǲɵģȱģμӺɲʱ˶ݣںɽʯϣѪۡ
ȱƾ赱ʱԿԱɿòصϧһźɵĸɢһȥ
ֵˣ޷ʹ࣬ھµĦѨ
ȭͷСɫĴλ³³һ˿˿ӳϸɢͬһϸߣ쵽ֵڡ
ÿ³һ֣Щϸ߾Ͷһ˿պѨ⣬ڲĵڶһѨ
ԥĿʼ˵ڶεĦ
¹ȥѨһžžУɢһգͬʱҵײһֻо塰䡱һһɿ̴ֲӺײ֮ڱ
ֵɫˢһ̲԰Ѫʺ˼ºһѪѪһ֣Ȼ̱˺˪ܵĶϣγһƬƬɫı
Ѫ꣬һΣ̷ɳ˿Ʒʯ˿ʯֺײһ𣬻۰ĳֹ켣⣬γһķš
΢һ˸ʧͬʱһѺɫķɽӴڷɳתһȦ󣬰ƮڰգħͷӰڷɽһԾ֡
ǿһۣ¶ԥ֮ɫܿ죬ڵʶãħͷȻ㷴ɵͷֵֹܷ
ЩԴһᣬһͷڵϣֻüڻǰһ󷨡
˵󷨣ǰ˲˲ļ󷨣Աʹá
ħͷһǻһ͵ۿص֣ĵٴҪҪƴˣӦòװİɡ˵һ̫ƻˡҵҪҪƴأһҪûƴǺħͷס˸æͷԺ
һ󣬱ԺͷֻˣĿ˸֣ĵٴƴˣõʱһԺûˡУֽƻĺܣôܲأԼ赹˻ҷųͲͨħͷݺݵҡҡͷֶݺݵļ뵽ҲŲϵأװɡ
ȥƴ˵뷨һαԺ
ֹһ죬ħͷ۰Ͱ͵֣ٴδͺһĵװƴˣɣҿһﲻװģƴˣƴˣƴˣ
˫ͨ죬Ѹ˳ȥ󷨶ûκãħͷֱӴ˵ϡ
ţħͷҽУڵð̣ɢĺۼһѸٺˣһ߲ҺҾ֪һƻôܻ᲻ҷ׾ٵİҷųɱģʲôʱµʶҡԺôħͷض㣬ѡ
ºħͷԹԵĶǽǣŶǽڣﱯ߲ѡ
ڵ죬ˣӣЦ֪ԼСһѶȣźںʱĻԺںϵĹؼڡ
⺮й壬ںʧܡйܲסɫ粻Ĭ
޷ֺܺܲ⣬֮ǰȪϾǰһģԶ˲˵˵˾ͽϣҲȪϾγɹģ
ֿ˼⣬˾ͽҲδ
βԼ壬ԳǺأú̾һĿͶڽڵħͷϡ
ħͷѺ󣬾һֱС͵ۿʱĿɨһæ˵һֱڻûаи
ִһ죬ץסħͷӽɽڣԾͨ뿪ʯҡ
Ľķ⣬ڿȥĽſڵ¯Եʯϣȣں˯˿㷢ıͷϣ¼ڶ䣬΢кֲʩɫ糯ϼӳѩζ
һɫȹƣϣƻн̲֬סȻĶʱ˿̣һԵĵ¯ð˿˿һĻŮݣ뻭֮С
ټʯĽŮӾĵװ磬ܶڹһЩ֪Ūɫְ֧뻭ĸоŨϼ֡
һҩһڣͷ֡
úջĿ⣬תһʯңʯһλֲ˴ҩݣһһЩϣİͷǣȻС
ʬ̫ͷǸǾ޴ȫþʬЩ˷ѣͷǣ֮ǰһγĽһЩ
Ըº㿪ʼһСͷǣֳͷǵɫ͸һ⣬ǹͷĳ־壬Ĺγɡ
۲ţȻ΢תûãֻĽĴźǷʯ⣬Ŀһۣ˯
Ľľıţʼ˼룬ֶԴ󷢣ϾˣóɲԪ
ּÿ춼ڱչأĽ֮ǰһֱΪϼΪڷܣֺڷ֣תƵϡ
ѾԲļٵΪٽһǽᵤڣᵤôùȵģĽ֪ٹǧᵤʿʮԲǵᵤڣȴʮʱ䡣ǻٹʼ棬һԪӤʿٹӶᵽ
ֵòҲǶʮꡣҪʱᵤͲܡֶ˵ģᵤ뿪⻰ĵ׿Цã̾ȶԷᵤûиʮϰ꣬޷ɹĵ׸Ƕֲһ˿ˣֱ˵ǣαعŪ顣
㡭ƿĽԥһ£˫ۣʵĻѪڶԷǶԷʲôֵҪ֪Լѡ⣬Ѿ˼áԷüͷһֱ壬ɵ뵽Ҫ򹦷ͣͲǰ׳ƿĵ׼㣬ԷѾ½չ£δŮԣδɱˣںܿƿ
ֲ֪Ľ뷨˶Էһۣ˵ͷ
Ľ￩һ£˺󼸲ɫٴβ԰ףҧЦ㡭ֻӦΪǡҡҲȻԹĽߡ
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⻰һ䣬˲ԥڷɶѸֵķȥĵӣæĸϣ˲亹аҲȥ
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˵׷£һһҹԷڼӳģЩ㣬ˮɽ͵ϮһκʹԷ˷Чѡ
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ﰵ̾ǰȥ
˸ʱɫּʶȻΣÿֻʶɨ䣬ȻվסӣתңѾ׷һҹĵˡ
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΢һʿƮȥʱȻԶ֮߰˵ƿն
ɫһ䣬һץջڣ˵ͷܣһΣʹʮֵһߡ


һʮ ᵤ壩
Уʶһɨڵı棬ɫԵԴԵߣõĴˣûнᵤ֮ǰȻԵ߻Ӱ죬սᵤĳɹʡ
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Էˣ֮ԸղôõЧһ·ֲͨĪĹϵѳɾ֮ˣɱһʱᵤȫʱʩչ
Ҳ֮ǰһֱûʹõԭ򡣱Ͼûᵤڣݲа棬ܲûǲõĺá
ˣֵԸ񣬶һʱ֣ɾԷ򲻻ӵʱʵڲԼǧĽᵤһź
ǰƵļˣʵڲԸʹãɶԷ׷ᣬ֮£һҧ׼ƴʱ޷ᵤϧѣʹ˱档
ɶԷͻȻ߰˸ͬǽᵤڵ֧Ԯ߰ΪȻﵽᵤڣĵһٿɱУѸٶߡ
ߵһ̣һΣԼ̤һ·ܽᵤ롣
ʮ·̣ܿӽԵʮᵤʿһϷ̬һ׷
ǰСϷҪܵȥɱҶаɳϣĺǣҲˡᵤڵĴǮƵ˵һӣʱһɫǰΣһǷ˸
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ǮЦ˵ɣĺʯӡһá˵ţҲȶԷͬ⣬ֱһץǾ޷̱һɴ£ǮʱСȻ״̬
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ʯ𶯣ʱȹԽԽңҳ£ܿ㱻һ㳾򶷺ХҲԽԽԽԽ󡭡


һʮ ᵤգ
һֱɣʱ˫⣬Ŀںâ˸ģһҩӵƮɢڣ侲Ĵ򿪴Ķһһ
óʱò˵Էɢ֧סϷķɽǻᱻϡ
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Ĳڳ֮˵ʶ׷ˣѵļ󣬷֮ڡͬʱըһ㡣
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Ǯɫ䣬֮£еžžϾ겻˺󼸲ûκԥ̻˲ɳȡͷɢ˲㡣
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ᵤ֮󣬵һΣҲΨһһΣ¡ԣǲ˼ܡӣҲԲѡһԣȻᰵеӺԼѡȫķߡ
ڣָоԼǲ̡ϡߣ³ֻ·һ
ٿᵤʿһҲɫ˲Ϣ任ֺްۼĵǬԥĶߺһʹʮ˷һɢٵԼһ֡


һʮ ɱ
Ľ񿴵Ӱ˲䣬һһǽڣʱһֱֻۣҸ´ĽһоԼٶڷ
Ǽ䴫ϤζĽĵ԰ǰҪ˵ʱߴֵĮ
ҪҴȥɱˡ
ּĽڰնһ£̷ɳһӣ䳤ĩ˦£ֱסͷʿͷʬ壬ִĩһΪ֧סֵʬ
ץʶһɨܵĵ׸ֳλĵһ˿֮ɫһŶ׷ȥڰգս߽ᵤʿ壬ԶԶƮ档
ɣĵ׾ţղһ̵ĸоһ˫ڲʶ㣬ƺֻҪһͻ
ֵĹľһĵ׵Ļ⣬ҲΪΪһ¯Ѿһ뵽ĵ׾ͻҲҧһĴöҩ˼У߻ҧ⣬Ѫ˫ַɿдĴѸٿήٶȴͽ
ԭһӰȻٳ
Цǰ㻮ƳգԶԶĿɣâſ³һ⣬Ǿһ֮£ʧ˲ڰ֮⡣
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µ˲䣬һɫϸ̴˦һ֮סʬֵķɹɣʬţ˦
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ʣµһˣߵĴǮԽԽʶһɨ䣬Ǳŵľžʬ壬ͷƤ顣
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ۿԽ׷ԽЦһͷ񶾵Ŀ֣һҧӴ﷭һɫƣдһɫġ֡
ƣħڣΪħɱΪϹȻϾħڣʣҲʮ顣ǮҲеõú̼Ϊ±֪һֱΪԼɱţ׼պԴͨ
Ҫϸ񣬱ҪнᵤʿΪۣɱͨߣɻüȫΪ޵ºͨǿ١
ΪЧħһбͨߣǰɱҲΪɱһЧԷǵõߣû˻ԿƣѰҸᵤʿ俪ͨߣҸ˾ǣʱ׵Ļһö޵
һԽԽ٣Ϊֹħ˵ʮ鶼ǶˡǮҲô㣬׼ڳԪӤʱʹãΣһݣóƺͣסӣ׷
ǱͨߣֻҪħΧڣܻգ֮ǰ£ô¿޵ǿͨ
ۿԷٽǮħɱɫĺȵվסϵƣƼУɱңᱻɱ֮ͨ¹ҷҲɱ˾ˣαظϾɱһҿɴΪһΪҶаɴϣ㿴Σ


һʮһ ħɱ
ͣӣĿеһɨĶǮĽ񿴵ƺһ£ϸĿ˼ۣɫ䣬ǰ׷ɱû뵽ħھȻȷҲֻһЩżϿһЩܡ
Ľ֪ɱһһ˵Ի̸֮жΪɵ
Ǯֲʶƣһ治ʶƾԼȥ˵ԷҲŰɣǲ֮ɱԼǾŪɳ׾ˡ
ڼȻСѾƽһǮͲˣ֪ɱĴܶɱˣĵ˿˵ѣ㿴ҵΣҪһУɱңʱ㱻ɱͨȻ鷳ϣλŮӣҲܵǣαأǲǣ
ֿǮתͷĽһһֵ˵ȷܰգɻöԷȫΪ
Ľ˵ͷ
ǮĵһãҪ˺ʱĿк֣һ֣
ǮҺһڱѪ˫Ŀ˫Ѫӿɢʶ𣬵˲䣬ϢѣһȻɳڰγһ޴֣
ɫʺ죬մѪ̳һ㣬߸ߵͷİգԵüΪۡ
̧ͷŰǸ֣ޱ飬˦֧Ǯʬ档Ľȥתۼص嶡塣
ľϡľ˴ĿǾ޴ĺɫ֣һ˿̰ĵ𣬵̰ܿ㻯ΪУ˹վ嶡ϣ
һɨƽ˵аܲԪӤʿ
ľæ˵ûУ˵аˣ϶ǷԲڣһԪӤڶûУЩǰôῴһ㶼ںû
ֶľϵ˫ۣһֱľĵ׷ë˫Ȳֵаɵƽ̣ʲôΪ
ľæǰһǰаƽ̴ˣǽᵤڵΪֻȻﵽ۷壬˵ʱͻƽڡ
ĵЦ˫ںâԵ˴·ȥаܲ
ľϡľҾܾæǣ·м䣬۹ʱɨͷյľ޴֣ĵĬĬöһЩˣһɱá
һ·֮ϣ֮·ʿȵ̧ͷһȴĵ˿
ۣͷѪܵĳɫ֣ʮǰ㱻ڰеʮʬ壬УһĻ󣬶᲻뵽ʮʬ˵Ҫɱɱ֮ͨˣɱ
˰ʬһ𣬶ȻǿҵľĿģһʱ֮䷲ǿߣﶼ겻һѸó򣬰鼴̴ݸѡͬš
ħɱħһϢͨ˷Ĵݿɱһ֣˭ɱˣɻǽᵤʿȫΪ
飬ڻǽᵤڣνջǺߣһɹһ粻ڻ¡
ЩᵤڵʿƾڣҲǲܡ
˲²ⲻģǿߣʲôΪףǽᵤڵΪףô¶ΧĲ
ַУԭڵλãתȭͷСĽ𵤣ɢȫ
ᵤΪּ֮£֮߳ٱ࣬ңħںڷĿ·͸ںԹ½ֱͶԹڣ¶һ˿ЦĬٻԪֽᵤˣӤ֮գɱ֮ʱǧǰˣһԹ֮ˣΪᡣ
ľ͵ۿһۣԷʱıЦݣ˺Ӳһ££İôûɱˣôͷ϶ţɱɣȻҪ쵽ܲҶ˼㲻ɱҲᱻƽꡣ
ţԶȻ߳һˣ죬߶ɢڷۡ¡ڽȫ£͸ɭɭâ
ǴɫĻȻɱ֮⣬ϧԼѮǸ߸߹ԲΣǴЦ
һɱ֮ȫޣһɻζֻľϡľ˿˺ɫһ䣬ţȴϲɫһ
ħɱãã˫͸һ˿âͷյľ޴֣Ц̾
СҸʱ䣬ɴ£ҪͼᵤڵΪҺħ˵꣬˫ֱ̧ͷ죬¶֮ơ
ĽڿʧЦ˿Ųһʿֿ˿֣ЦŨ
ľĵмĵǸ֣ƽ̶ҪֵɢħϹī˵ƽΪ൱Ȼﵽᵤ۷壬ʱɽڡΪ֮ҲҪǿ֡
üͷһ壬Ц
ϹīһâС۴֣֮Աǵ֪ߵغ񣬾Ϸһ̣ҿˣʲôᵤۡ
û˵꣬һħϹī
һϹīؿȻɳһ壬žһһΪðһ̣ɢħڡ
ףһֳ̣ģʶһɨϾ֮ɫ˳ַڴںվԭأ¶֮ɫϹī
Ϲīϵ亹£ǰʦոµΨһһ鷨˵ɵֿһԪӤʿȫһЩһֱħΧԪӤʿǣΪԼģ˵ʲôҲҪѹһЩڣԴѹľֿ֮ɭĿ⣬¶Է죬˵һ֣һ̹ڵϣǰǰϹī֪ǰҪ
ľϴĿǰһĻľ֣Ϊɵ͵һۣĵҲղЩ˼վߵľҲæͷĿеĺݡ
ϹīֱȻ䣬ͷ¼£ݺݵһҧ˵ǰԸΪʦӴ֮ʦʦ˼ҾҰɡ˵꣬æĽ񣬰һʦĸˣʦĸȰȰʦҰɡ
Ľ΢죬͵һۣ䣬ɵĵһ̾ͷ
۶Ϲīʶʶڷ˫͸ɫ硣Ϲīһֱ۰Ͱ͵Ĺ۲ֵķӦʱвã֪ԷȻΪȻвԪӤڵĹټǹľּӣҲȻһ
֮̽æһüģᵤ۷ΪĻѪȻӶͷƮѪɫΪɫѪһϹīήΪе侳ļ
ѪΪԽߣԽأһ׳ȫΪȻΪԽߣԽ


һʮ ɱѪ·
ɫĻѪϹīüƮɢ͵Ĺâɫ糣Ϲīһۣһ٣Ѫ̷ġ
ɨһֲ˼УѪ̽ʶʶסʱֻһϹī̾
ͬʣôԷҲһ
Ѫʵ޼ֻȽƸΪֱã˵ʶڿƼ̣ʵȴޱȣһµĻѪ࣬ôܿʶңĿº
ʴˣѪֻΪһʱ֮ƣΪ󲿷ʿϲѪǧֽƿԴﵽͬЧ
⻹һ㣬ѪʿԼĸԸܼ׶ǿôӵͨ򲻿Ƴ
ϹīҲǱΣѾ˶Է׷ŹԼпӡЩĽƣԴڿԷյʱѾ׼ʦ֮٣ʵϾǸԷһڣԼһ̨װˡ
ôҲû뵽ԷȻΪ֮£Ϊ׳ѪԷºҵŻһЩ
䵭ɨһۣתľԵ·
ɱһаɳʱĵ׾Ѿ⣬¾ˣɱ˶а֮ˣѰ֮ҲͰˣһǳϱɱǶԷȻ׷鵽ףִʱѲǵǸдӵɽ꣬Ի·ʽ١
ɱһϵ飬ִʱ¶ģȻɱһôɱʮȻѾɱʮôΪ˳ȥ󻼣Ѷаűǡ
ֻаţõĶžʷ뷨ĽһԾͬʱֻ֣ץסľϡľݺݵǰ׳
ֵɫ԰ףȴκԹԣæסΣͷǰ·
Ϲīʱȥͷ亹ĵ׿ɬȴκα¶ǵɷɱġ
ʹõһȴˣȻͬСɡϹīĵ״Ħʱ͵ɨ֡
Ľĵ׷һԵĸо̧ͷ֣Ҳ벻ԷȻĽᵤˡһ·֮ϣӦʱǾ仰
ԪӤ£޵֡
⼸ħĽƻðĸоһ֮ǰ֮𣬲޴
ǰĽÿ˴ɣƵҩżһˣҲ飬ıҲûΣա
ټʴӱ֮ϸѵһţųϲмӡڣ׷ͬĶֻ࣬Щȴ޷Ķ
һοʱвƣЩŪᣬ룬ǵĴ¼磬ҲǵֵĶֵ֣˽⣬ЩΨһ³ǱɱһɶԼٽҲöԷһ֡
һˡĽ֣ĵ̾ϢЩȻȷţԷܶԼЩ뷨ΪУԼֻһ¯ˡ
ĽзɬζζԽԽŨɢȫּٷУüͷ΢壬Ľһۣ㲻ż鴦Իˡ
ĽɫԽӲ԰ףҧ촽ס
һĬȻǰľϡľֵһ٣ͣɫ粻ǵǰϰٵʿԳӰһͷǴѪɫ֣¶εֻ̰̰֮Уһ˿ɵ
һɨƽ˵ߣɱ
ϹīæǣԼĻˣζȻҪúñ֣뵽һԾľϡľվһЦһȺڵ飬ˣǵǰߣ
һ֮Щʿ׷ױãЩ˱û֣һΪ˿˭˵еħɱͨѡ
ŵʮʬ壬ĵ׷֣ҲҪԥһ¡
ֻɱϢ̫죬϶ǷԲڣߣ֪˴£һǷɳĴ̽ϢģеʿԽԽࡣ
˵ķ;УʿÿһЩʿ̫࣬ԷٶЩ½вͣĵߣżʿо¶̰֮ɫɱĽ
һкܶʿںԶԶĸţĿ˸Ȼ⡣
ľľĵ׷ë˵ǽᵤʿһ·ʿУΪڶ࣬һЩֻ˵ϼһҲһһԶԶĸǡ
ö˾岻ѣ˵ˣϹīҲĵ׿Ծ裬ĵ׿Цôȥѱ϶ǰ֮ʿע⣬ʱǷԪӤʿǰ˵
Ľɷô֣ǻʹɱķˣֻԸӺݶķʽ壬ܻһ󣬷ԽԽ࣬ʱɾ鷳ˡ
ʿĽĵЩ£һۺ΢İ
кâԽԽأȻͣ·еĽŲ֮ˣ¶һ˿Цݣ֮磬ԶԶܴݿȥϢڣڴ˵ߣ
˵꣬˫ۣһϢۣɫĿ֣ͬʱɿĽ󣬸ΪеͣȻȥ
ʶչһ³˸ʧֵһΣչΧɱ
ʶΧڣɱʿͬϰ򵥣һҽж˸¶δйľ׷˺
ģ󲿷ʿóȫѸߣЩӶݵʿûӶԶھһ䣬ͷѪɢ
ɫ䣬¶֮ɫ˫۸Ǻâէ֣֮ʿ׷һ֮ѪҺ
ÿӰһʬ壬˦֧ʬء
ٶȲƶ죬רᵤʿ֣Щڣֻܵˡ
һ̣ǰΧֵʿѲ̰ؿ־壬ͷ֣ÿɱһɫŨؼ֣ռҹư㣬˴Ŀģֵɫ·ŨصҪγѪһ㡣
֮⣬ЩӶݵʿҲһľսĪ⣬Ϣľ⣬ֻҪһ֣һ·ȥεɱ֣ոһһꡣ
һʱ䣬ЩӳԶʿҲˮɽĹ£˴롣ּ֮µˡ
Ѿ˳ǧʬ壬̿ͬһʬ磬ϵֵ
ʱ˿̣ǧ֮У߰˸ĿϵħޣһǳĬֻüͷ֣мɵ֮ɫԽԽŨ


һʮ ϶
ЩʿǽᵤڣƽʱǱ϶ɣǶаɣҪ֡
һɱЩ˶Ȼ
Ҫˣ˲ȥԪӤϹ϶ǰԪӤ֮أһԪӤˣҵȽûаɹһ׷ͯգȴһа֮ߣԶ֣ͫ˵
ӵнᵤڵΪΪ㿴ϹħԸʳΪӣҵȼ֣Ҳ̲ôԱһߣĿһ֮£һᵤʿ𵤱ںµ˵
ǰѷɽҴû˹ķɽȻ˲ƣԪӤʿյͨɽƷʣԲԪӤ𷨱ڶпܣնɱµʿѾ˰ˡ
ߣעûע⵽ɷʮˣǿǶаɵĳϣ˼ɱᵤڣͬ㣬ǻ̰ǵ飬ĳھȥǣһԼѮʿԶ赭дɱ˵֣¶ļɵ֮ɫ˵껰󣬶һȭҴҺˣһĴӳһֻ󴬺棬ǰȥԶȥ
ʿһĬȻһ˿˵ںʹڼϷξİѰͳΨһĻᣬһɱˣõ޵Ҷɴﵽᵤڣʱɱס
ҲˣϷԪǲʮ߾硭Σ˵ʲôҲҪһԣվһ沿Ƶߣ˵
˵꣬һеȥֱָ֮λ֮󣬸ղ˵ʿҲһ̤
ʿһտڲĿȴˣ۲̬չǶһĳɹգǱ̳ȥͬǶԾϵķΪС
ƿǰȻĽᵤʿн봢ڣɢڶʿĵЦһƽɣӽ쿪ʼԾɡ
һֱڣۿζħͷѾɦֲͣûʱֵĻХһڻû¶壬˲һڷʿϣʿӶٲ鴤ѸٿήһãͷԾħͷϲĺ̹ڿԾˣҪ̸
ֿħͷһۣ㲻ᣬǵͷĽĽʱɫ԰ףħͷҧ´
֪⵽ʲôֻǸоħͷֵһ˲䣬ľ֮У־֮ɫ¶
ջĿ⣬ĿɨħͷһۣħͷԶԶ߿ﰵЦĵԼŲԸôԽԶԽãþǴӽԺ˴ҲʱشǶ̹
ϧԼҲ֪뷨̫ݳˡħͷһֹţһ׷Ӷݵʿ¶ЦҪһ˶ϣȻʿؿھһħͷĿʿʬãƿڴһһʿ׷ȥò׷ϺҪɣȴ뾧һ
ħͷԶĽԥһ£̧üĿ续ףʵǣ
Ŀ⾼֮ܰڣȻûκʿɱ֮󣬾סһ֣Ʈ
һսֵɱ״϶ǰﷶΧʱ˿̣ʬ壬Ȼǧߣ̿νա
ͷǱ֮ղŨѪɫ֣ҴߵУѾջ󣬶һǿߵ֤
ħͷֵ˵۾ȴԶǧ֮һǰһ󣬷ɿӰƤԺϣתߡ
Ϲīľϡľ˿ɿ
ľУϹīһæսǳʿȥĵ״ʱˣѾ֪ɷǺǿôҲû뵽ǼֱһǿһκηκΪ֮
ǿ¡ܲ˵ʲôҲҪһ£̵ģҪʵԺħΧԺˡϹīĵ׵һβΪԼ׳Ѫƣ֮һɸӵȻ
ǿߣǱ𾴵ģһ㣬ħˡ
ľϡľֵܣʱ̬Ϲīһ޶ĳȣƾɷǵʵаɸ޷ֿһԼҪҪͶ״ˡ
໥ۣһҧϹī󣬼۶ȥ
ⲻŷͷôҺþòһЩϹīһˣЦͬʱһӣڽ̳ʣһ˿Ľâֱ
ľֵܣǽᵤڣó֮һˣһʱ֮˵·磬ЩǱҲס
Ŀһɨǧ֮Ǽᵤʿϣںâ˸
ҴʿȻԶһ겻޲öһ˫ȣҴ뿪ֵӰͬһӡؿУĥ
ǧ֮ʣµᵤʿǸ׷ͯգȴһа֮ߣʱҡͷתҪ뿪Ȼͫ͵һ
һһŮվʮ⣬ˣͷһġ֣һ˿˿Ѫ֮⣬Ʈɢ
ʿ쳣ͷһһɫ䡣׷׼ٴа㶢֣ȴȳ֡
ɨһۣ
г֮ǰǸ¶м֮ɫ˷뿪⣬ɫףһ˺ߵ֮¡
Ľ̾һĵ㲻Ͽ뿪˵ЩϻкáȻû˵꣬üͷһ壬һӣʶ̼ɢ˶ʱɲҽУ˫ͨ죬˫ֱͷһͷѪһմѪĽ𵤣С
ʣµʿ˵תܣĿˣʶȻӡǡ
ʱһҽдϹīֵʿдʿ̶ֻߣδɳԶħͷĺͬʱ֣ħͷŭҵģҵģҵģ
ֻһ˸䣬ʿؿڳ˿ڡ
ľֵܽսĽᵤʿϹī͵ϮһɽڣħͷĲ鲻ԸУٴλصڡ
·ɱˡ
֪վȽŸҪаɣѡ
ľľֵܣʱĵ׶ȻΪ磬ľиǺޱ¶羴֮ɫ̷ɳָŶаɷȥ
ֵʬɢκԴǶҪһ·ϷĻϲߣڿǧʬһѪɫ׷ױãԼǣȥ


һʮ 
һǵٶȻӿ˲١
һ߷Уһߵʶʶһϵսģɫʶ֮ڣ
ڵڶʱа֮ܽأĿʶȻָ̧ͷȥǰһ޴ɽ壬ɽ嶥ԷŪΣɽէһȥͷ·һϣͷϣվһˣ˰׷Բԣɫ˪Ŀɭң֡
ͷϷУʮᵤʿɽ󣬿ֺһĿ¶֮ɫмɵо塣ʮΧһȦмʮѷɽ໥һ𣬷ײ֮Լ֡
ͷ֮һӣĹ⣬ڴƬϸȥɼÿһƬϣվһʿһͬʱ˸ԶԶȥͨ徧ͷ·һ㣡
󣡡Ϲī
ľæһԽͣ⶷Ƕаɵ󷨣ųԪӤʿ޷Ƴ⴫Ŷм٣аɣţϾ϶ûĸɻǿ󷨡
ֶоͨĽȻ˵Ⲣ󷨣һķ֮飬ȫͷһϣʱ߱һΪ
ʱͷ֮ˣĿ磬ХɱĵѣϷаƽ̽ⶫаܽһǧʮˣȫڴˣǮ㣬ɱɱˣ˵أȥɳϽ󣬴Ӵ֮аܣǾݹϷȡ޵ˡɸһս
ƺƣأĿͬʱϵˣһȣ֮ϵŨŨһ֮»ɢⲨâԣײĵѸٴݶģۿɼһ⻷¶ϣԽͷۣ⻷ԽѹԽŨء
ͬʱеʮᵤʿѸַȥ
ɿĽһԾɫʮᵤʿδٽһͣԭزǰʮ֪ͨԷʵʱۿԷɵӰһ١
Ŀɨһۣһ˦ǧʬ屻ݺݵžײȥ
ǧʬײ֮ϣһͻȻֵĹĻ׷׻ѪʱаΧķĻȾ˰ɫ
޴Ĺ⻷崫ݵͷϣһڵϢɢ·˺ѿȻǴ
Ӵͬ˰㣬ɢߵͺΪֱӽᵤ۷壬һ·ڣһԾͻƣﵽһֽԪӤڣȴûԪӤĻӤ硣
Ӥ磬һ㶼һЩϼƵοϲŻ֡
ⶫͺţڿնĿЩᵤʿȵûõķϷȥ
ʮᵤʿ׷¶֮ɫѸ˵һԣ۹
ⶫĿһɨ֣Цһ·֮ϣйĴȫҵУƺԪӤ֮£û֣ڣϷȻӵԪӤʵһΣҿôʤң
Ľɫ԰ףеĿ֣м֮ɫһʱ֪ΪΣĵи
ľľֵܣʱԽп࣬ΪӦʤһתһְȴǵĽƽ̽ⶫŭҪ֪ͽаɿһײпƶȡ
ϹīѪУһҲøᣬʱĵùģ
ĵЦһԾɳվھⶫʮ⣬ۿԷ
㲻ǻôϷʶһ£ⶫ˲ʧʱȻʮ⡣
ڶԷʧɲǣƮȥ˵ʮ⣬ⶫٴ˲ƣǺˣվʮ⣬ۿŽⶫ¶˼֮ɫ
ⶫüͷ΢壬֣Ц㵽Ǻ⣿
˼֮ɫŨĿ˸ƽ˵Ҳˡ˵ţһͣɵĽߣһֱס֫˵֮һɽϣºĿ˸ŽⶫЦѡ
ⶫüͷԽԽ˵ȻˣǴ¡δ˵꣬ȻʧԭأʱȻǰЦһſһ׹⣬ǰ׹⻯һͷͻХȥ
ͬʱֻӳ֮ڣ̳һⲨĴݺݵмȥ
ɫ糣¶Цͻ˲䣬ϵħͷһԾЦһڰͻС
ͬʱɽ˸֮ڵĵžɽ˸ΣѲ
ڽⶫ֮Ȼһű棬ɢẮ֮Ǳֵ˲䣬ⶫɫ䣬˺󣬵ţںɫһʶ𶯡
ʶ𶯣һͣ٣֮£Ϣؿڣ֮ɫâѸӣⶫѪӿ֣ѸٺˣһֱͷʮɷΧͣӡ
˫ӡؿ£иǷʳҩͺɢ˰ӵɫ״â˻ĵ㣬һ´ؿڱƳ
˸ɫ٣ɻС
ʼգֶδֻ֣վڰ⣬Цѣּ֮ɫ
ⶫĵؿڵ֣֣ͣĬ󣬺Ȼôֵģ
ƽ˵ʲôҲûֻ֣֪ϢʮʮɲһˣڰɣǴڵԪӤڵıԵ
Ľ񱾾ǱѩʱˣˣҲǼٵİɡ
ڱˣ˵棬صʮɺȻǾΪҹȥʮһսˡֵһΣĽ˵ô仰ֻ⻰Ƕ˵ֵĿ⣬ȴһֱڽⶫϡ
ղſһ̣ĵΪ𾪣˷ֻҪ㹻ṩߣҪﵽΪҲǲܡˣǶа϶ǣΪԲڵһô
ⷨȻʱ̣ÿһ˶һ뵽ģȻˣԷһգ֪ʱļʱϵļ㣬ȫԲֲһȱ㡣
ֻһȱ㣬ⷨȻǼǿϸ۲֮£ŶԷһҪԼǰһսǼɱһ㣬ʱվ֮أԷнʮɡ
ĵɻ֮£ųվʮ۲죬˺ʮɡʮɣһֱյһɣŷⷨȱݡ
뿪ͷԽԶԷΪͻԽ͡
ⶫʱɫ粻һΪȴ޷óԷƫȴ࣬ʵðɣֻҪʮɣΪ֮⣬սʤԷԲǶԷٺһЩ򶷣ֻҪ˺ɣ׷ȥΪ̱ؽᵤڡ


һʮ ޲Ӱ
ǽȥԿһʱ㣬Ȼķһʱ䣬׸úȥδӣⶫĵ׼һ
ԭýᵤʿסԷֻҪЩʱ䣬֣һɱԷɹؼʱ̣ЩϾȻ£֮£Գ֣ϧȴû뵽Էʵ
ʱﻢ£֣Ĭ
ɨ˶ԷһۣĽٴ˺ʮɣڼ֮ɫŨⶫ̾һȥͷ֮ϣƽ˵ˣϷ䡣˵ţͷѸͷڡ
˫۵Ĺ⣬ԽԽһȦִ⻷ͷѸӣⶫ壬ҲŶ¶ʹı顣
ģıԽԽʹ࣬ʹήմŴͷϣ˷·һӲ˼ʮһ㣬̧ͷ˵Ϸ䣬ӽԺԸǶаƽ֮˵ţ˫ֲóһƴϺɫƣѵıƳһ˿ǰƮȥ
Ŀ˿ⶫֿƣȻ˫ͫһգ˵Ľٴ˺ɡ
˵˲䣬ǰ̳һⶫĲӰǲӰȫһ⣬Լٶȣ˲֡
ֵٶȻܿ죬ȻɽȥʮɺǷɽһؿڡɽٶ̫죬֮С˲Ҳضá
ʯ䣬ɽؿڣһ˲䣬ɽ͵һ٣Ƥ׵ķ赲ֵָ·ǯһ㣬˽֮ϡ
ɫԷɽʤҿ볬ɣӷɽٽһ˿ӳ٣Ļ롣
ɽ£̴λѣһɺɫĻӽɢϢܿ㻯Ϊҽ
Ǻɫֵһָ̣ɿ¶âͷ֮ϵĽⶫ
ⶫ¶ź֮ɫ廯ɻңɢһաһɱﵣҲܡ
⡭ǽޣĽڣ֮ɫŨղŵһĻĵ׻
ޣϹʱĶֻ࣬ڣѾֻһѷɽǰѷɽΪķ֮һ
ߣٶȣǹҪѰʿ߳ﲻֹͬʱ޿ھҲڶֻ࣬ϰ׿ھҵõһڼƷɽſķӳ޵Ŀʵ
ⶫĽ޿ھȻѣɽƷҲѰĻƾ轣ǿĹᵤڵΪȻͿԺɨ϶ǣҲڱѹڴˡ
ķɽпɳʤǵһ࣬޷ɢֻһγֵĻᡣ
һǽⶫڽ޶Ľ⽣裬ʵϾĽ𵤣֮¿ʤϧջʧܡ
ⶫһ˵ĵľľֵܣ˶һۣᣬͬʱڷݵڵأӭƽ̣
Ϲīĵװľֵ޳ܣԼȴɿԣ࣬ϲʦΪаƽ̡
аɽʮϣʱҲ׷ɽ֮ɫĬһڷʩⲻԶ
ϵӣһȫⶫķ߰˰ˣʱ𣬿ͷѪɫķ·ʱɵѪġ֣ӭ
ⶫûϲãһ֮УûжԴеֻǿʳΪȥֻаһвԼĸԴϣõԼôصȴģǶа޾ķˡ
뱣ԼôҪ֪һǵˣһǣأħĵһʱˡ
εܳɹ϶ǷԲڣ˲֪˲Ѫʬɽѻϣͼ̰ɱ֮ˣѸٵĴеͷ
ŽʿĹݣ̧ͷңںĵĬٻԪΪ˱ҲãħҲգֻҪʵǳΪħΣ
ǷЦĿһɨָϹī˵ӽ쿪ʼǶаƽ̣
ϹīһҪ˵ɿеĺâĵһ˵Ļæ븹Уæǡ
׼һңҪչء䵭˾仰һɣĽаԾȥ
Һܿ׼ãǽⶫΪԼıչ֮أͷ֮ڣϥ£¶֮ɫĽƽұչ֮󣬾ͻȥڣɻ˵ţĿĬ
ĽĿ֣֮лл˵꣬ĵ׷֮⣬ת뿪ͷ
뿪˫ۣûа飬¶һ˿ããԽԽŨתΪ֮ɫУƲסһĻ
ҲСˣ⼸в˼ýŹ˵ף˵ҲܳɼңȻˣȱˣȥкõģ۾˵һ
СӣôģӶˡ
˵һôϹģۼˣ㶮ôҸϱǷô˼ǸҸ˵Ķϱ㶮ô
˺ɶ˶겻ؼңҪи˶ϱû׼ʮ궼һεġ
Уģ۹ˣϴŮޣſ㵽ʲôĻ
ģһϱ
ģѪᣬ۽£ȭͷݺݵս֮ȥ۽Ѫᣬǽڣʱϣҧסû˿϶
߲¼󷨺ְüģʶʶϣȻԭʧȥӰһ̣ͷľ޴֣ʧ
ֽᵤ֮󣬵һνռ䣬˲䣬ЩᵤڳȳϹīȻһĸоǿµɷǣʧˡ
׼ȷ˵ĻѪʧˡûаۼ£־о壬æһԾңͷ֮תϾɲѡ
ոĽҲһ̧ͷͷĬ̾һ
ξռĳ˾ͽϾ޴ԪӤϥƮڰգ˫Ŀգӽ͸ڣеתԣɫ򣬰Ʈԡ
վԪӤ֮£ĿĹڵϣصĿ˼ͷǷģһϱڡ
̧֮ͷĿͶ˾ͽϵԪӤ¶ĸм֮飬˾ͽģѾᵤˣ֮ԪӤһ죬һﵽӤڣʱɰͳΪѡһ֣ĳŵ
˵꣬վӣ˾ͽϵԪӤľһһ֮¶ʱʧԭأ뿪


һʮ ƴ
ͷڣһ߲ʹȻڣԽԽһӰʵ¶ֵӡ
ֵһ˲Ϲī̸ӦĵɷǵʲôȻ԰ȫϢղڲ²⵽ʲôԭԼܷ˻෽ƿأʱĵҲ˲ͷ
ĽžϵƬרעĵ׺ڼʲôʱ֬˫ĿỮ
ڻѪĲҲûע⣬ģ¶֮ɫһƬۡ
ֳڱչ֮ϥ£ΪֹɱᵤʿĽ𵤣ȫռڴˣһ£治ϰ١
֮⣬ɱʿĴȫ𣬴ʱϾæһзɽڶֻ࣬Щһ֮⣬־
⻭߼ֱ۴ϸ͸ּǵǴһᵤʿϻãԷóѾһ룬ڴ
ϧֵļʶǲֵ˻Ⱥ壬ʶһɨԪӤ£ڼʼ˵ĸоսڣڽɷѹ֮£һеĸܵ˼Ĵڣĵһ˿Ķʹսε˽˼ֳһеĿá
ֻ֪յ㣬ԪӤڣҪϣƮ졣
ԭȻʶɢһʶӡϣֻⷨŹ֣ʶӡϣȴûа֮Ӧ֮ûӡʶǰһ
¶Ȥ֮ɫѰֻĨԷʶ󣬼ɻӶ磬ԪӤϣˡ
ⷨϿƺԪӤԪӤмһǵڻٹսԪӤʿ
ԪӤص㣬Ӵ󣬱֮֮
⣬پǻ˲ƵķɽֵķӦҲһԪӤѪ֮ûгʱļͲʹá
뵽вǰѹӵĽʣ˲ƷɽϺ󣬿ӷɽ⽣˾ͽҲ˵͸صȼȻԪӤԽӤ䶼пܣϾ˾ͽϿ͸ģʵڲࡣ
ְ̾һϧⷨŴٻԪ顣ֺȻĿһԣǽȱƾٻԪԪӤڵΪƺûǸ»ٵ
ûлٵôʻģ
Ŀ»͵վӣ˼ȦһװһЩͲϵĴתָһ󣬶ʱһɻɢ
Ŀ¶֮ɫһֱŴı̣úٴóһ飬κ¶˼֮ɫ
٣ĲϣȴٵͺñһĸӣţǴȻˣҲõķˣʵϣƷǴڵġ
ҵٴδ򿪸ӵķȡĶҲǲܡ
ֳϥ£ᣬ⻭ᶨȻԪӤΪʶӡδֻӶĵĸоֲ²ⲻ˼Ƭ̺Ȼһᣬ򿪺Ŀ¶֮ɫ
ڻͨڣûκλӰ
ſţȻһ˿ΣУֻһ˫а֮ɫ۾ڻĻͻȻ֣һڶߵȻ䴫ĻϾҵĵ
ֲ˼̺ϻᣬһŭڴԽԽС󳹵ʧ
ֶͷڸղŵһ̣ڵ˿ڵʬʮĹŭֻڻڣɢ
ʱ֪Ϊʶ󣬵ȴʼûпĸоԵɣ⻭ֻһӡãⷨȴǳԻϡ
ᣬĿ֮Ӵóһ𵤣ɫȻֳһĴʱϰٸһһƮд󲿷ɫ͸֮ɫ
һȡ𵤶̷£һ·Ľȴ֪ʿ𵤣ȻΪǿ죬ȴӣӶϢңֽ𵤵Ҳͬһ࣬ôֱӰвӴ֮ͷʱʱģ
Ŵ˻вʣȴֱɵ뷨ĽĻǼԼд֮£Ϳûк󻼡
ֻ֮ħţĽֻ˵ȴûо巽ֳѽ𵤵һڣԺѰд֮ʹá
óᵯ֮ħͷ̴汻׳ڰתһȦ¶ί֮ɫ֡
ħͷϵĺ⣬ȻŨ˲٣䵭ɨһۣ˵Ϊָʲô̶ȣ
ħͷС˺󼸲æ˵ŸոջָڣǽҶָܻᵤ
Цħͷһﲻħͷ÷ëæ˼ڴԲᵤֻһ˵꣬ĵװĵҪٱӣӻȥƴˡֻ뷨ˣħͷԼڣǾƴˣҲԲùӡ
ĿкâһһץħͷһҪϣȴȻסֻĿԼץסק֡
ħͷڲһģһ˿˿ɢһȭͷСĽ𵤣ڳ֡
ħͷε˵ףʲôʱᵤˣһ̵̫ˣԼ־͡˵˵ţĿ⽥䣬һ¶֮ɫ
ֳĬȻ˵ָˣ
ħͷ̶һ£¶־֮ɫܣڽᵤ˲䣬ͻȻһЩ棬ţʱһƣʶľ
ﲻסźҪҪƴˣƴˣУ򲻹ˣƴˣ
ħͷе뷨ò׸ոռᶨҪ֮ж̧ͷʱȻ俴Ŀкһвã̴ʹҺڰշ̴ɢ𵤶Сһ㡣
ֵļʶԭô̻֮һʱȻʶı䣬̻ѹڣ̻ҲȻ
ͳΪħͷУħͷҺ֮ջʶħͷήҲվһԣɫɫ¶֮ݡ
±ˣֻ֣ղǶԷʰ㣬ոսɵĽ𵤣Ҳѵ
˶ٻǣ³ɫ糣ƽ˵


һʮ 
ħͷ̳üһһɫ򣬴ԼڱƳµʮĽ𵤣ȻﵽıԵ
һ֣ʮһһڶͷʶڣ뵱ǸᵤʿĻһ
ʶ֣ЩһŻʧܸоԼʶ׳һ֡
ħͷ˿۰Ͱ͵Ŀ֣ĵֹ̫ˣЩҴǸĽġһ죬˵ʲôҲҪƴˣߣһָԪӤΪġ
ŵȻָԪӤںʰʱӱһץӻڡħͷĵױ̾Ϣھƴ˵ͷٴֻǵƴŽ飬ҲֺõĽ֣
¼Һֿǵ֮ǰⶫ޵һóʯϰٸõĹ
Щһǽڣ̷ſ˳ȥ
һ߳ĿͶβһӰϣĽ㲣ĿȴβһƬϲϵػš
ϹīһЦվһԣſž޴ҹ飬Ϊ
ֳĬαչʱ䲻ֻ̫ǿĽӣƺʼգû뿪ĵ̾ϢһһԾˮͷ£ƮĽ
ϹīֺһĴ߶ڣʹɢĹâͬʱæڶͷƳˮԼ档
ֿĽרעףüĿ续ʱü´ĿתĶƬϵơһ紵˿㷢
߰ɣؼҡͳ˵
Ľָһ̧ͷ֣˫ۣ֮Ҫһȥ
ֱܹĽĿ⣬˵ͷ
ĽЦֻЦһ˿Ρվӣһ˵ʱ䣬ô
ֿһۣƮȥͷ֮ϣϥ¡
ĽӴóһ򣬷ڶͷ֮ǰϼµƿºתϹīƽ˵׼һҡ
ϹīæǣԼˣɷСӵĹϵԼ²ǰ㡣
ڣĽ񾲾ڵϣǰ⼸һĻĻӵᵤʿ׷־º󣬶һ·ӣޣްΧħʯÿȫһֱΪŪ¯ᵤʿ׷ɱֽᵤɹһ·ɱһѪ֮·
ֽᵤ֮ʣԼһŮӣʮᵤħޣ׼Զ֮ʱͻȻ֣Էҵת䣬ЩܲסЩˤձڻ
𶯣Ҵȥɱˡ仰һֱĽ߻ص뵽仰Ľĵ׷֮ɫ΢죬һ·϶λ˻ʱΪЦãһ·նɱ⻰ȴͬǧѹĵס
ҴȥɱˡĽ¶һ˿΢ЦЦ˶ȥ绨ѩ£ϼգȴǴȥɱˡ
ţһ̾Щδҵ֣Ҳ˿֪ʲôУҵѾҪҪǣһڵҩ꣬ʧȥ˼ֵɡ뵽ĵ׸֮ɫŨתΪ֮ʹһ˿Ѫ£Ͼϣ˿Ѫ˴Ŀġ
һĴʱӡĽ֮ϡ
֮´ӴóһƬƬһһǧŰʮĿ飬ȫеƬ
ⶫµ㣬δվȫƬ
ЩƬµʱ䣬߲ݣķѴһһӡ£µģԪꡭ
ֻЩĽѾˣһƬƬУһһ𣬲ʱģڸıƣ̻һ
ģǰںϲһϡǧ飬Դơ
ĽѪɫ쳣㲣·һ˾ͻˤ㣬ǽڴ߳
һͷ죬Ľֺ֮һԾߣŶԷǸ㲵ףüͷʵʲô¡ӴóһƿװٶҺĽС
Ľƿصķڻллʦ֣ûµģǡ߰ɡ˵ţϺȻһ˿󣬿ּͷٴ߰ɡؼҡ
ֳĬã§Ľϣڷɶ𣬾ɽǰ˲䣬ʧ֮⡣
ʱ˿̣϶һ¥Уһӥ˪ߣ˽ĸݣɫ𲼳ۣ۵֮ϣ߶ɫ÷Ĵһ㣬쳣
÷֮ǽɫ֮У÷֮еǵʺ죬ȴ̸ı÷оΪɭȻΪ졣
ջʿڶ࣬˴̸߽һ̸̣ʧĿתת󣬱ջء
߽ջ󣬿һۣһλ£һЩ嵭ľˮüͷʱ壬ʱɿһµӡ
ʱջٴλָ֮ǰϸ
һϣʿ¶ľ֮ɫɷһ·ɱڶаɽⶫսҹطһɱ˽ⶫʬ޲ҹٺ٣ҿ϶ǣҪ³ˡ
طʱɫһ
ٺ٣ʲôҵۿɷǣʱ춼ŵʬ壬ЩʬҲǧߣɷǵҲܣﻹŸǧĵСӣôպХ龰һһԲʿ¶׷֮ɫ̾Ϣ
üͷ΢壬ֹ˼䡣
ǼСɣ˵ɱĹǼ񶾵̸ۣСǴǼ֮ءһ꣬һھƺһЦ
ֺ˫
Ҫ˵ħ׷ɱǻħڣǻ˲˼죬϶ǷΧ˵ûԪӤʿʱѱûԪӤʿˣѰط˵Цֺ˿ھơ
׷ɱ˫̴һץںȾƵ꣬Ǻ˲ӣһֻδץסݺݵק
СһϷ˵ˣĸȤɷϸ֪һ


һʮ 
һʱ֮䣬ջ̰˵Ŀ⣬ϡ꣬ɨһȦ
Ŀ磬ĸֶʱһһʿи֣һַ·𱻿ʵȫͷһƬĸоÿһʿĵչ֡
һᵤʿеľƱ̵˵ϣæͷ¶Ȼ֮ɫĽпָ࣬оӦԪӤڡ
ջĿ⣬ɿֻ֣겱ϣȻһȦɫٺۡ
˵ɣһô¡ΪԼ˱ƣºɫƽ˵
ҴһڣڵΪʵѿԷʵƾľ飬³Էǽᵤڣڶпܡ
ڰǰͻȻ֣ɱʮаɽᵤʿ֪ΪħɱһһʮԼ֪һ飬ϸһ
۾΢ϣһӣ˫̹ĳһһѪʱһַ紵Ѫɢ
ջڵʿһĵ׾Ҫ뿪ȴһͷߡ
߳۾ٴɨһȦǸᵤʿƽ㣬
ᵤʿһµվæǰһ⣬쳣̬ȣľμǰǰлܷʣڽ𵤷ģ˵ްԣֻǰ
ߵ˱ƣº󻺻˵ӽջʼһ̸˵Ļͻۼɣ
ľ¶֮ɫ˵ȷۼɷǡ
ʲôΪ¶һ˿⣬ʳ֪飬Ҳղŭ˵˰Ҳû˵ص㣬ɱ˵ԭ
ᵤڣľЩȷ˵æֵǰ˿ǽᵤڣ
ŷ֣ɫ糣ȴһ
һǿ˲Ƶķɽ
ĵʧ˱ƣȥ
һǡҲ˵ֻһ⣬һǱ֮ˣȫöľСĵĹ۲Էɫŵ˵
߳վӣ¿ƷʯϺ󣬴һ죬ץסľӶԭʧ˲ǧ֮⡣
һߣջڵʿһ¶ݣĵ׾ֳ֣ԪӤڣ
ľĴ·£ڰ˸ʱ˶аɣǿʶɨһȦѰϹī
ĿɿڴУ߾ȻüٴȡһλѪƾλѪһ˿ϵľѸϷȥ
˵֣Ľһ·ٶȷɿ죬ħŨ׷Ϊãһȱڡ
ħڣֻ֣һµʱ䣬ɻΪˮħھסЩ꣬ΪչأδۼһĹ̡
ʮĹڵһº㻯Ϊˮ˺꣬ˣһֱʱգֿ쵽˻·ݡ
ĽͬÿĻıˮ޷У⿴ȥ֮ɫĺˮиѵһںζ
ӽʱ䣬ĴλÿһΣĽǽִ֣󣬴ں󣬲Ż
ʱеĳʪУ֮˳ʱҪŨеĵطȻ˻ļ
ŶԽϷУĳʪԽأˮζ֮С
ҪˡĽ˵
ֲδػȻͣͷ۲ֻܵԭƶʱٶǰƶȥԶһЩҲ˷ζȴΩǰС
ôˣʦ֡Ľ񿴵ɫ࣬ʵ
û¡˵ٶȸӿٵǰȥĵвƶٶȻԼٶȣɶ׷ߵΪǼǿ򲻿ƶС
ܵɢܣȴΩǰУָȷ׷
ʵܺýͣͱˮһȺС㣬ʱԼٶȴһѽô֣ᷢȺɢǻɢ˷Ωǰ
ʱлȥɽϪˣΪ˽⣬ʱһ쳣
¶âҺݺݵĺһںڽ̷ɿתٵҺŷֵٶȣٴοһ֡
ĽҲĸֵܵĽţһ˼ӴڷһЩ򵥵󷨲ϣɼ׵󷨺ں󷽡
ֿۺĿ¶֮ɫĽĵһ𣬿ϧ֮ǰķ̫ʱ֮УָղŷҺٶȿ˲٣һԥصóԷ͸Һƿ˼κ̸оһΪĿƿҺ壬æպãС󷨡
һ·УԽϣε֣ħеĺͼߣӰ졣
⣬һĴɳһ̺««ӭʹ˰ٱŲæϣ«ǰȥٶȣ֮ղ˲ƣһࡣ
߼䣬оܵԽԽǿ˵ƶһԭ򣬵Ȼ׷֮˵ٶȣԼķʽ
ʱħڣϡ£ĳˮħϿ¿ᷢħȻϡ߿ɴ͸ĵز
ɫӳ£󲨹ԣȻһˮ档ˮȣʱźܿɢӡģʱ֣Ĵз֮
ں«ϣüͷ壬ǰһһȻ󷨣Щһޱȣ˵ϣһײȥٶȶȻ谭
һһ˦ݺݵں«ϣ̼䣬Ǻ«̴򿪣һӴĳӿ
ֻں«ڴһȦȦЩѸǰƳγһƣ󷨽ƣһ飬ˮĴһͨ
ں«ϣȻĳͨڡ
ֵȫȻˮʪٴκһҺȻԶֱӳӵĺˮС
ĽǰһţѸǰȥתۼ䣬津Ŀͷ˫¶âһǰɽɽʱʧԭء
ĽһӺֱħһȥͻƺ˲䣬˻磬ʧʡ
ʱ֮£ɽ˸˳Ųȴһ̡
ʱ󣬺ϳһ޴УгɣƺƵľˣ˳һٵת
ĵ㣬һڵͨħףģһɫľ޴«︡֡


һʮ 
ϣ̧ͷʣޱһĺ«ҪȻɫһָǰһУֻһⱻУЦܿ죬Цݱһ͡
ָľ⣬ɢһӰ
һ˲䣬ͷѸһ˦һڰм˸ʧ
߲δĿյһ˿˿ڣճϵѪǣͷһº˫ۡ
СһӺܴ󣡡ú۾һĺ««Сձɰƴ󣬱УӺ󣬷ߺһڣһƾ㣬Ȼ䴫ܡ
ٹ֮־Ȼļ˵صĻȻŰ޷ɣټϵ¶̫ߣҺ㼯Ļɽɵķ˹ȳΪһƬ֮ء
յķ˻ʳǣʱȫǣ¥٣ȫޣٹʱͬһžء
Ľһ·ɿڵһĻĻ˾ǳĬֶԴȻЩп˻飬´ʱ˿̣Ȼɶ
һУֻ˵ǻԵɺϣ޹ضԴǵ֪ѡȻǻѡԾȡ
ͬ磬գܿ·һ֮أĽһۣû˵
֣ʱ׷֮ˣϾˡм䣬Уһ죬ɽС
ȻͻȻͣӣŷɽԵһ˿ѪҺֹ𣬿ɫ粻˿ѪҺϣӦŨܵ˽һѪӵôΪ׵ʲô̶ȣ
ƿѪҺװŻشĵѹɽ̧ͷͷ֣ĵЦ˵ץĽ񣬼ٷɳۡ
ٹı߽ѸԹԶԶĿɼ˵ĳռɽ壬ʱɽ֮ϣĴɵı־߸߹ʾ˵رռݡ
ͣӣĬ˵ͣ
Ľҧ´˿ҪȸһŶһ£
ɫ糣ƽã˵꣬һԥĽһۣһüһģĽĻѪʱɳ
ֲδֱӹ黹ǼʶɢѪһ˿󣬰ѻѪͳ
ʱ䣬лѪһ˿ʶԪӤ£ӽԺ˿㡣ƽͣ˵
Ľ¶֮ɫԺ󡭡֮ô
ֳĬ̾һûлش⣬ǴӴóһݸĽ񡣴ǼֵƵİ¯ɱɣ󣬱㱻ȡ˻
Ľ¯̧ͷ˵ЩЩƵĵҩãнܡ˵ţóʮСƿӺһ
ֽӹ󣬷ŻشڣĽһȭǰҳŵ㰲ȫˣӽԺҸǷǣ
˵ţһҪ뿪ĽȻʦ֣㣡˵ţӴóһɫӳͷҲصļŽ⣬ˡ
ֽסһɨĽڵĻ߻ص
ʦ֣֪ʲô֣Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ҵİɡллξ֮ħڵȻѳɱȻ֪ʦֳչأһö۷֮ȡԶаɶ֮ԼӾġ
󼯷빥һ壬֮Ǵĸʦֱչ֮ʱΣգһˣ㡭
򣬶ŻпŽԶȥĽֳĬˣȻһ̤ڵת۽ʧӰǱгԶһĶͷ̻ߣʧڵصס
ȫռڣһ̣Ϣȫޡʹ⣬Ľȥ󣬱ռ䣬ɱǰգ˵ֻռˡ
ҲǵΪ֪ħɱΣգȻɱǮԭ
ڻٹ׷ߣʧûãʧ֮أ¶ɻ֮ɫͷ̳صףѰһð棬ϲıŨʧˡѪĸӦûˣСһܲ١
ʱȻ̧ͷޱĿԶٷ磬ܿ죬أ¶һŮˡ
Ůװھұ࣬һòãǱǷɫ̷ͷʿš
ŮҲһĸߴĺߣĿ볣죬۴ͭ壬ͫŻ𣬹ɹȼա
Ŀɨһۣƽ˵λ¡
ŮǷŷʿ˵˫޵ɭɣߣսڵԪӤʼ֮һΪɭ൱
ɭΪɵĿһۣԷΪ͸Ǳȭѿ֮ˣ
Ƥһƽ˵˭ѣϷȡԪӤ
ɭɫһ䣬Ц䣬Ҫ˵ʱߺȻһͭĴ۾ĶŶԷµ֮ϵ߶ɫ÷΢䣬ȭħ
ɭ໥ۣĿͶײ÷ϡ
üͷԸвͣһ˦˶ʱоһɿͻɼı׳ǧ⣬ԪӤļ
òֹסκɫɭʲôΪ
ԪӤڡߣɬ˵
ޱǽɫ÷ǣüͷʵ
Ҳ˵ǰδսʱħԪӤڵΪֻҪһЩΣ֮أ㹻
ħгǳؾŰپʮںռٶںڶУǳأų÷֮ء
ǽһ״ͬ÷Ļ꣬ԶԶȥҲô֮˵ع߸ÿһΪɲ⣬УȻﵽڣֻǴţ֪١
ղˡüʵ
ղˣûҲ´Ӧ÷֮ǵĳ֮һħħޣںħޣײ˴Ҳ̫á߱࣬˵
໥˿˴˾оĵ׳ƣԶԶĿڵķ򣬴Ӳƹص˻ɽ塣
˸ղǸܵİԪӤʿϢΪˣȴû뵽𰸱Ȳ²⣬˿ա
ԭת˼ȦһʶȻɢӴΧһΣŹκϸ΢ļ󣬴ӵص׵գϸϸĺɨ
ߵʶһһɨģʶԽԽ㣬Ȼˣ߲ûֹͣǺɨһȦ֮ٴ˻㣬֮ʼûκη֡


һʮ ޵
ĵ׵ɻԽԽأһԭʧԼٶȴٹһı߽磬˻ٹڹ֮һï
Ŀ꣬ïλãһ֮ͨˣïϼʹߡ
ӵͨٹûУҲΪλٹѡ䣬ïԭˡ
ռڣչأʱȥתۼ䣬Ȼȥա
һ죬Ȼ˫ۣͷǾ޴Ѫɫ֣ɫԽԽճʧȥѪɫ˻Ұɫ
ܳһεĲƿУռڵЩη壬ԭɢ͵İ⣬ʱһѸٴŲӣԽԽռڷ壬ɫԽ󲻶ϵչĿ֮еķ壬ȫ
ĿǰһĻĵ𾪡
ţͷġСһɾ޴ռȻ֣ŲԽԽңһȭͷСĻɫԲС
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ʶһɨ˵̺ǡһᵤʿȫΪܺͣĽħɱϸһʱֳû£봢ڡ
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ûһܷɹʵδ֪֪ͣڶпܣ˵ᵤɹδһӼѵżǾԪӤڡ
ӤѶȣ̫ˣϾʣҪӤϣãҵĽ˵һЩ˵пӽӤʵĵҩЩҩȫѳ弶¶
ӤӤռ䣬ûиϰ꣬޷ɹҪľѡһȪϾѾ˼ޣ˾ͽδѣһУҪԼˡᵤڵڵѡ
⹦ѡʵЩѣյĹɱ˺ãвЩᵤڿ֮Щ廨ţӣѡ
Щص㣬صִѡһ߽ӤʵĹ뵽Ŀ˸˼£ļ䣬ս֮ƺⷽĹЧ
һɻģս֮ͨô˱߻̰Ķȡ֮⣬ļ弶ƺҲβܡ
ڸļ䣬ս֮δϼע⣬Щѽ⡣
Ψһְ֮Դ⣬Ҫ֮Ū֣еαƷ޸֮İ汾Ҫģϵԭʼ
һУΪȷպӤĳɹֻǰһ׼ʱŲṦһ񣬰ѳɹߵ
ֻһĵȻЩףӤҪ֪һܷΪͿûб˽Ӥɹɴ˿ɼѶж
ְ̾һ±Ŀռպ׼뿪
ǰȥһ˾ͽ븸ĸ֮أĬĬվúĿӼᶨһ£뿪ռ䡣
ڵصĳطɫ˸Ӱʵ˲䣬Զ߶ȥ
ͬʱʶȫɢй۲ܶҹһƬžֳŻɽС
δݳԶʶ̴󼫶Σ֮У˼³ȥõ˼£˲ʮɣ³ɣٶȲڼ
Ϸʮ죬Сһһϵʶڴ
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ٺ٣ҿϷȥ˽˸ĻӵΧҪץסЩѡʶȻĴ
һﲻ߼Ȼٴθı䷽һΣֱ˲ǧɣ̴ӵصðʱɽǰ
ֵ˲䣬ֱӳɽ壬һĻھ޷ϸֵ֣Ļ˲䣬Ӵóһ鵱ŵ򣬺ı˽ȥվסӣͷȥ
ʱϸߣһεĺɫľۣӵһԾվϣŹĻ֣ͷʶܹŹ֣ȻѾϣһЩЭǶСһ߰ɣﱣס㡣
ɫЦ
һ¶һŹֵ΢ЦһǹĻ̷ǵתۼ㻯ΪƬɽΪ֮һ
˵ԪӤʿһ̾ŵķɳ
ͫһգͷصףٴζߡ
ЦҪ׷ʱаħһԪӤʿӲͷƤȵѣΪλһɽ󣡡
ЩӣԷڸ£ƽʱҲֻʶɨѰʲôԷʶǿ˵ԪӤʿڶԷʶ֮Ϊ֮һ
˵ԪӤʿʱ޿̶˽Է򣬽Ȼһ˵ӳڣδü鿴ĿɿڴĿɽڶԷһ֮£
Ƿβ޴棬ֵаħڻɽʴԪӤʿŲòʣ뷨ܶԷش𲻻شԼȰ˼ˣԸشǾͻشǲشҲȥ׷
߶Ż˵Щʿ˵һ֣
һ֣ڻϾˣҵɢܵĿھ˵Ĵ£ƣһȦȦҵĳ
֮⣬Щʿը죬崡
˹ȻʧӰ١һʿеĸǿڱѪ׷˵
ܿ죬ٴλɫʱˮɽ壬˫΢ϺȻӴʶӿֶɽһһɨǧ֮ڶŹüͷԽԽһΣһһΣġ
ĸһһɢʶϵĽջһһţͬ˲ƶĸѰһϥ£ţһʶķߣ֮Ӷɡ
ֻʣʱ䣬Сһ꣬Ұ˼ħǰҲҪҳǵطһرҪȹϷŲ˷Ѿۣ㣡


һʮһ צʶ
һ壬ĸ㣬һʶߣʹӣ׵İȫ
ǽʿؾʶߣһ˼ħȫƿء
ͷҲǱħ϶һֱ׷һ·;ٹֱɱ䣬ɶԷȴͻȻʧϢȫޡ
ƾͨȻҲߣ֮£ΪԷǲڵصףʶϸѰҺȴȻһ
ģ϶ŴʹõķȻĶĵ׵Ǹƻһô׺ܶࡣ
ŷѾ׷ͨҪץסֱǼ򵥣ɶԷûʧ֮پû֣һȣǾʮ죬Էò׳һ֣û뵽ԷȻûκԥ֮ס
ҿ֮ǰȥۣⷨԺߵȼԴ׷飬Ȼ°빦ۿԽ׷Խص֮Уĺܶ෨޷ʩչΪֻҪӽˣֵٴʧģСӵķ򣬾Ȼǻ˵ɽ塣
֮˵һ˻ɽ󣬿ȴٴʧȥ˶ԷϢһ֮£ϧٹļ˸ʶ
ʵ϶֮ˣΪֹδɱһԷļкܴԭԽΪߣȸǵıԽ˽⣬١䱳ͬһļô޹شСɱļȻ˳֡
Ҳˣɱɱˣڣۿǵطʱ֦
һꡣ
ʱ䣬ˣѾϰʱʶɨһＸԳΡ
״ԵɣеʿȻ˽⣬ɳĸ룬ĸ򣬾ȥ̽
˼ħԽԽļۿһʱǵطͻῪȥˣ룬һŭ֮£⣬ٵȰ꣬ǰСӻδ֣ǾͲϧļңҲҪСҳ
ʱȹһ¡¡һֱ£˼ħɫԽԽϵҲԽԽŨ
ϥռڣɫ֮˼ħΪѿ֮ȻһϹīǵλѪϣܵһ˿΢ڲͬĲԷһ·׷ؾΪѪ
һգռļȻ٣ԼָоԼٲȥ´Ҳȥˡ
ȥ죬ٴν룬ʱ䣬׷ɱȻڣô밲ȫͣ죬ʵЩѡ
ֳĬۿռڵЩԽԽȫ˲䣬һռ߳
ֵ˲䣬Ľǵİ˼ħȻ˫ۣͻȻһʧԭء
ֵ壬ӰʵһͷֹסķǿͷʹһüģϹīĻѪڳ˵ɿһѪԼٶѸڵصڷɶݶ
ͬʱһ˿ΣȻ֣Цӳ෴ķѸٶȥ
˳ŻѪڵϣЦһ棬ʱһ˲۳صףܿ죬ɫĴӵǵϹīĻѪһŭ֮Ȼ顣
ܲˣŭȵʶɢ˲ɫһһ۶ȥ
̲֪ܵԷȻ׷֪ڵ״̬ӳ죬һ˵ӵص϶ȥܿ죬ӵһԾ
ֵ˲䣬ĸһһӰһΣ֡
˼ħĶ֣ĸӰ£һˣСһ֮ǰľʮ죬һꡣ
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ʲô֣һ˵
ֳԷΪкƽĴ󺣣ɲ⡣
㣬Ŀ磬֣һһֵ˵˫ۣ¶ɱǶԷ˵֣һŭ֮£ֱԷȻ϶ǣɱ䣬Щƭ֮ͳͳ
ֳĬ˵ͷܸоԷϵɱֻҪԼһߴ֮ء
۾һУ˵һĴʱһֻ峤С
³оӣϺɫ˫ۣĶ֡
ʩչĿߣ߰һӣ䵭
һأͷ̧𣬴һȷ磬ҧֵͷĿкɫһͳ
ֵĿ꣬ߣߣһΣʶõ˼ޡ
ֳڵ˲䣬Ȼˣ߸оʶһһɫȥʶʶڣˮȻɿݣֻһצ㣬Ϣſںɫʶ˲䣬צſڣʱһɫ̱С
ʶǿɣΪǿʶڵʶİצ㣬ºɫȻΪ֮һ
һ֮£Ӧʶʶɢȫߵһɲǵͣ١
˺ͬʱſ³һ⣬ɽ˸Ужϣͬʱɽ㣬üġ
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Ƭ̺һ۵ϱɰصʬ壬üģ˫¶ŭЦһ˫ӡͺȵȥ
һ˸߲ʾâӣǰͨ徧Өڸ磬һ£׶һ߲ʲֱӴ棬ּ׷ȥ
һ·֮֮׷ɢ޷Ӱ벽תۼ䣬ʮɡͷƤ飬˼Ӵóɭ
ɳԪӤʿȫһ˲䣬
̱󣬵ײһ𣬺һѣɷɻңӣҲǱɣԻͬʱһεĲƣԽӴΪȻɢ֮׷ױ
¿ĿһԲС˲ɢɣ׷׹ͬڷһ㡣
ֱɢನɨһ£Ѫ˼ӵһԾ֮յıܹɲ
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¸ܵƵ𶯣ŭղǵҶɲǵĻ㱣רʶʶСӵȷ
뵽ΣʧԭءؿʹóĽ͵ҩе˵һ˫ͫһգǰͻȻӾ磬ԪӤڽӴڶ֪࣬˲Ƴֵļû˿ԥȻת
ʱߵӰͻȻ֡
СѣϷ㣬ɷϷѻ˵ꣿ


һʮ Э
˵ͬʱһץһ׹⣬˷۶ɲǼ䣬ֵܣͳһɵΡ
ɫͣӶߣǰк£
߿֣֮˵Ҫһá
ֳĬ˿ܵĵΣžž֮촫
֪ԭ򡣡
߳ҡͷδ˵֮ʱϷ򲻻㣬ͬһȥҿһص
ɫ糣ȴһصĽἰ˵޵߽ͬᵤһ磬ڣɹʼڣɹСǲɣҲΪպ»
ֳ˼Ƭ̧̣ͷߣû˵ĵɻ󣬶ԷΪ俴͸֮˻ɽһ֮ԪӤʿǰΪǲǴﵽԪӤڼ޵ĴԲ񾳽磬һȻԪӤ̤뻯
ԶԷΪԼЩƣȻԴҪЮ򵥵ķԼɿܣһȻƺûбҪǰ㣬Լ顣
棬һ⣡İȴκ쳣Ƭ̣Цߣҡҡͷ
ޱ飬ƽ˵һץΧֵĵһ۶ߣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ԽԽС󼸺ǽ壬ͷ紵̻Ҽ½Ҳ˦£ɷɻҡ
ȫ˲䣬֣ͣԲϧȴʶ̧٣ΪϷ򲻻ɱô
Ǽ֮ɫŨƽһŻص
߶֣ĵװգȥǵطˣڲκνƣȥĻڶԷ½ƿƣҲ鷳
Ҽǽ󣬽ҲȫʧЧҪģҪԷʹǹأǶԷԹޣĴ֮ͬģôֻһʧ˶ۡ
һǧǰһνʱΪ㣬Щ棬һǧŻָ˵ΪȻΪҲоһ뵽ǵطնȻڡ
ʴˣ֣Ȳ½ƣҲ̫һΪص㣬ʱֵĻİɿһӣɢ
۶գһ£һ۵ֻǾߡ
Ҫʲô˵޷߹ϵ˵
֪ҪȥĵطжΣգƽȴᶨ֮ɫ
Ц˵жΣգϷҲ㣬ԪӤڽ룬һڣÿɱֻе˺ڼ񾳽磬ſһ̽ǲСģһ
ȻΣգջҲǼ󣬷ҩ˵ӦоУ֮⣬д˵еӤ䵤ֻһлһԾΪӤǿߡ
Σգɲصģһڻ𵽴ô֮ǰ㲻Σգں棬ǲ̰ȴʱһԻᱻͳȥ
գĵ׶ߵĻֻ֮֡
ҹΪӦǸոսᵤãˣһӤͬȥұ㣬ǵطյõıҿɳŵһΣ
ӤĽһڽӤʱ£Щʵĵҩ˵м亱ļҲ䵤弶С
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ڵ飬ӦԷ󣬶ԥɱԼһչǰģֻһ·
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߶ֿȻ˵֮ǰʧϢģ
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ʶۼûа˺ֻ֮Ϊ˷ֹٴʧǵطԻ⿪
ֶԴ׼ǻҲԷҪЩĽƣҲûҪȵڡ
δң˷򣬳һδ꣬ǰȼա
üͷһ壬֣˵£
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ڣƺƵɢܿ죬ɽڱɳӰǰһװŮӣǷ
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ΪɵĿһߣ˵˵
Ҫһۣǰȫƽ˵
ĬߣֶԷһֱ̧ͷ죬ǶߵΪѾ²⣬ʱۿԷɵΪ֮
ʱ߳һߣ֣Ŀӣ֮˵սӣ޷߰ɡ˵ţ۽ɨһۡ
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뵽Сѣ㣬зֺˣɽ飬Ϊᡣ
΢һָ̻߽ɽ֮Уֽ󣬶ɽһʯͣ
ӦýְɣߴƳĬʯͣ󣬻ͷ֣һһֵ˵
ֵͷû˵
֣֮һʹҲ¶鷳Ҫսǣڣܷ㣬ҽΪ㿪ʯһص˵


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̧ͷߣһһֵ˵ǰģĳ뿪Ӵ֮Ӧòٴλ
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ͷҲأһ̤뾵棬ͬˮһ㣬ʯϵֳһһ롣
һ֮Уʯڵ˲䣬̴紫ݵڣ·һʪķһ㣬ַԼѾʯڡһʯͬһǷԡ
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ͨȥŪһЩӼʵĵҩʵڡ


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Įһﲻ
ӿٺһЦӴӶľǰԽˣ߽Ȧ
ľ֣ĬӴӳҩȥ
ֽӹϸĿȷĽǰ㣬СǻصԴģӤ
ϸֶ˵Ȧڽ˲䣬ֺȻִһ㱡Ĥڴĸо
ǰ֮˿˴ڵ
˵ڵļ磬˵ƣͬһƬޱ޼ʵĺɫ֮أ˵ǾԲ׶εľʯЩʯһڰգڻǰƶ
ֽվ֮أһԲ׶ʯ飬ʮԼʮɿʯϣֻһˡ
ʯ֮£޾ĺڰա
ȥֻĿɼ֮ǽ˵֮ˣÿ˾ˣվһʯ֮ϡ
ֹ۲֮£ľħŵۡɫ糣ûаңԽĿ¶˼֮ɫھʯԵվ̽ȥ
ˣʱʯϣĿܣ¶֮ɫ
ʶɢ˵زδʶĽƣǵܾһЩΪͨϼһֲδɢ̫ԶԼڵʯͣ
ʱħԶ˵ûΣգֻǽͨˣֻڸʯ϶ɡ
꣬ϥأʯǰƶĬע̽뻳УǴӻŪĴϡ
ʶһ룬ʯţ뺣ûа㷴Ӧ΢ʱ֮ʣջ֣۲ܡ
Ȼ䣬һֱվʯԵȥԽȻʲô
ֻ·֮УȻյƣСԼɡʶһɨһʲôƣһ˫ۡ
ţ˫۾Ȼʧܿٴγֻ֣ʱ״󣬴ʱʯԵȥһӣһɫĩλƮ䣬ŷĩ£Ĺ⽥ӷĩ֣Խ£ĹԽ˫۾ʱһĻС
һֻ޴ĴС޷ƣĹĲ֣ͲǧɣϸԼаɡһϺɫƬĹֹĹ
˶ͷ­ϣžŸǣһɭɭݣڿ֮ɢľĺâ
ɫ̱üΪѿֶʱһգЩĹ̼ʧӰ·ٴαڰ֡
ΣҲһֻޣ൱ڻڴԲʿӳĬ˵
ҪϴʱܹȫȥһֻҪǣȻҲܶȹħɫƽ˵
䣬Ȼ·޴һͳ˫޴۾ԽԽһȷ磬·ͻȻ
˶ʱȫվһĴȻּҩ͵һ˦ٺȵڿпɷ
ħһԾݳ˲ͬߣץסһ㣬ӹҩԶٶȥ
ͬʱľҲ￴ɫݺһԥңԶȥ
һѽӹӳĵҩû̷¶Ѹٿˣ˶º󣬲һԾͬʱѵҩڿС
Ѹٴһ׶ʯԾߣԶԶȥЩʯޱ޼ʣһֱͨ޾֮ءֽľ棬·޴ԽԽǿңܵʯ飬Լ𶯵ļ
ʱ˿̣Զʯ飬ͻȻ飬һ˶ͷ­Ȼײ棬ʯͬʱͷ­˫¶亮⡣
ȷֿкŵҩŲɿ죬ѸԾ죬гǸ˻ͷ⣬ûһ˻ֻȫ·
һ˵ٶȸУһˣжԽӴһְ͸״̬˵ĻԾֱͬ߷Уʯ貽ʯ˲ʧʱȻһˡ
λޣ޴˫ĶǰԾˣͺȻһ̧¶ǧӣ͵һѹ


һʮ ȡ
һĻ˵ͬһ㣬һɿȻӰս¡ֶ˵һĴѵķЩкܶ࣬ɱ˶ᱦĵͽ׷ν֮
ЩһĻתۼס侲Աһڿµ˲䣬ԱһԾ
ͬʱŵħͣӣ˷ϻ˵ŵ¶֮ɫӴ׳һӣӳֺ̱һΣ죬һȦȦβɢܵʯ飬ڲ֮·׷ѡ
״һŤոյתͷӭײⲨƣ̵ͺһӿһɺ
ܵʯһΪڻȻɢ
״ĺȥգŧףһʱһܵĶƵŧɢһƺɫҺ壬ŧ¡
˲ʧʱȻǺ֮ǰĿſ͵һЩ̼ӿȫУģշ󣬴ȫһɶʱͷ·ǱһСɽ
λƵվԱһʯϣĿ״ĬϣղűƵŧڣһ˿˿ɫɢȫſڼܣ븹С
ħڹŵ׳ӵ˲䣬˫취дʣĿһɨϡ
Ŀ˸˺󼸲кԥóԪӤͬʱſ³һ⣬˸ųǰָħ
ħĿͣƬ̣һɨԵϣ¶ȻŵĶ״΢΢
֣ħ˫ĿһȻһ֡
ʱһһɺڱǼɢѸһѺɫƮħǰ
һΣվԭأ˫¶ãȻ֮ɫ
ֵںɫ֮ϣħз临֮ģǽԽԽռһѲ޽
һжڼ̵ʱڷʱ״ӭײӲƣº֮ʱħмȥ
ǰɫ˲Ѹ״ͷߴ֮ն£ֻһھͷǾ߳ʹͷ­͵һ˦ɫ̱ײԶ
ʱħߵǸˣȻڱѪޱȣ˫ۣȴǸã
ŵһ٣תԽԽأԽԽܼ֮һȦһȦɢȥ
Ǿ߸ոײɺɫ̱ӲƻУȻһ˫Ŀ¶Ѫ֮⣬Ȼſɭɭ޿ڣСһСɽĴſ˲䣬һӰһͬʱŵɫһ䣬ľͻȻڰʧ
ʶһֱ״ϸſɲǣһͷ֣СͷһҧסȻ
Զʯ֮ϵӣ˫Ȼһ״촽ҪڣȴȻϡ
ӵ쳣ֿһֱŴ˴ˣȻöľ֡
ʱħ˵ĿٴͶ꣬üһ㣬ͺȵŭ
һϺɫ壬ڱɢٴγһƮħǰ
ľĿԽһۣᣬԾ£ȥٶȼ죬תۼ״жΣʹչ˽
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Խûκη˫ֽϼ䣬ľˮӵַȴƾճ֣֮״ϡ
ĳ𶯣˵ķȫǿޱȣԶǳܼעģħķⷨȻҪһˣˣ㲻ҳΪˣ
ʱ״ӳʹУ̷תһк֣ܿ߳Ʈʯ飬Ҳڱǣȥ
Ӵгֺ󣬶ľԽȴ·ϾڹŵۣɫѿķѾʧȥ˸Ӧ
ԽԽӴ˲òٺˡ
ħǰϺɫɢаâĿһ̳ͬʱ֮ǰײɵĺɫҲһٶȼ죬˲״˫ۡ
˫۵˲䣬ʱ壬˳۾˽ȥ
״Ȼһ٣ĺУ˫˸â壬һһϺ죬ѸٱƳʱٴſڣһͷѸٴгһ塣
һ˲䣬˫ۺâ֣ȵľᣬһԾкٶȸһգۼӾ޴߿˽ȥ
ͬʱâһֻһֱԶ۹ӣҲͬ⣬ֺ΢΢һ¶һ͵΢Ц
ֻ΢ЦЩ̵ζ
һĿ꣬߿еһߣۼڴˣ̵ת˳Ŵ߿ڣȥĿ꣬Ǵļǣ
Ľ˵״ȫĵطԵҺ֮ðսΪҺ
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ڶſڵ˲䣬˽ʵҲ߿ڣһſʱӵֱ飬ԶԶĿ
һ߿ڵľĸأ֮ǰ˼ɣһȡҺ˻ɣڼȻҲһͬô쳣Ҳȫϡ
ҶѡķͬڼҲûκνҲȻֵᷢľٶز⡣
Ҽ˻ɣڴ˿Ҳ֣ϾЩ˽ĿģҺǹʬ
һ·֮оɽ˸ȴ޷°˺ۡ
ԽߣĵԽڣ˻һС⣬һܵڳɺɫ䶯š
ֿƷɽ͵شһ㣬ϧȻ޷ºۼ£˲˶Էֲ֣ɵüͷ
ĿһƶĿͷ뾱Ӵ
ʱڵСȻĲ˿˿Ƥ͸һѸͷȥ
ܿͷͷ뾱Ӵһ˸âıĤȫһĴʱٰѷɽһ֣ͬʶһɨϣзɽָ̽Ĥļ


һʮ 
һȻУеķɽȫָһ㣬½ĴϣĤζϹ˸ı裬Ĥϳһ㡣
ĿһɽҵһһԼٶǰϣܿ죬ԽԽ
ʱ״Ʋ쳣ӾҵŤֽһӣʱٰѷɽٴҵĽ
һУĤ飬һŨܵʱһڣסеҩ̷ЧЩȫ
ȷ̳ȥʱڵȻɱԼָо߾ԲɾͱɱǴ֮лСߣôСڣ᲻ỹһأ
Ҫǣ֮ǰ˵״Ӧǻޣ൱ڻڴԲʿҪ֪ڴԲǼѾļеĶǿߡ
ǹŵۼ˵ΪҲǵ˻Բ֮ǰӵԴǣֿΪЩȻﵽ˻ԲҲǻڰˡ
һûֻиԭҲôģɿһƤ񡢻⣬ƺûκεͨ治ѡ
ˣЩϼһȻһûڣȴɻ˸
и󵨵Ĳ²⣬ֻǾ߱˻޵ȴûлǿɱȻڴԲͨ
²⣬߿֮һͷʱ˼ޣΪ²⣬¶ģڴӻ޿ȡ裡
ֻͽڲȻΣաֳ︡һŹֵͷǷһִСߣСڻߣһֱڲ֪ڵռСߣĻޣ
ЩֻεİˣԲŻֻ߱޵ȴûл޵ͨ
뵽һæ˼ͷ߾֮˵û˱Ĥɼذ׹¶⣬ֺԥϣ£Ȼһʱһ𣬷ķ
ͬʱӾڵͷȻ˸âƤѸڻһ֮ɫһԾһǱѸͷȥٶȼ죡
ھͷӴʱһ۾Ϳ֣һԥȵߣһߣڹоߣһ䱾壬߱ͨ
˵ţһڣʱǷɽ˵ڳٺ֮ɫ״ʹſڣһ
Ŀһûߣ̽ڣӰ
ʱǸɱڣȻһСĺɫӵ˸䣬ͻȻ׷׷ȥ
ӽڣһԶĿ˸ûģʱЩ飬Ȼһ뿪Ӷɢ׷Ŀꡣ
ЦŲԸЩ˽һǵҪĵط֮󵹻˵֪ԼͲʲôǵû򿪣ħһŭ֮£Ȼɱйߡ
ҼǴˣûüֵ㲻̱ɱҲȻΪħʩչħߣãȻ˫ֿۣĿ
ԭִͷѰ뿪һֱûᣬǾڵԽһʱһȻϾ
ڣָıˣǺɫȻѾ׷ôĿǰʬڣӦΪȫĿڼ׵ϴһʱ͵𶯣ֻоѪӿӲײȥ
ɫһתʱסʱѪӿĸоȻʶһɨ˳ž߿촦̽ȥ̴һ¡
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Լаʱ½ٶȲһ𣬴洫Ƶĺ֮󣬲Źڼž
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СĵİѽɫҺƿĺ봢߿ڷȥǴߵɭɭݷ϶Уһ
ǰһƬڰûаâ˫ֱ仯ͺȵȥʱһͷ­СĻǰϢĳ֣ǰƮȥ
Ż⣬ִܣģɫŹ
׼ȷ˵ҲһƮ֮صʯ飬ֻʯĴС൱֮ǰ֮صٱ
Ǿ޴״ʱͷſʯϣӴ£֪쵽δ״˫ۣûκεϢ
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ҲΪʲôղȡҺʱûκ춯
ֿžߣĿ˸󣬰̾һڷĵĴ㣬ͬһɽǰĲ˵ԵƤȻֵǣûбЩͷԣȲ˵Եܷ͸Ƥܷ£˵ĺɫпʱһײּ֣һҲ˲ĸɸɾ
ֿһۺ󣬴ӿаķȡҩȻСһ룬Ȼصķڴڡ˵˻һԾڰ֮Уʵ̫ҫˣΪ˰ȫֻڷС
ģ˫Ӧ˺ڰܵľ˵ȫܿ壬٣ԿһЩ
ʯϰٱ⣬ֻ࣬ʯƶٶȣȴǱ˼֮֡⣬Σ֮Уʱ޿̲˷
ֲСģٶȷŻÿ߳ɣҪϸ۲÷ƶʱոһʯϣȻһǰһӰһ
סһǰģһЩʯģһźӰӰСԼɣϣĴǣЩǼûйĻζš
ղһĺӰһǡ
ֿ󣬽΢ˣŹֵʵȻǿ֮˳ɺȻ˵ʯԵ˫ĿȻһͣƮƮķԶѸٷߡ
һֱ뿪˼Զ̧ͷޱ޼ʵޣסЦֻе˵ЩʯϣҵǳȥĹȦ
ֳĬʶɢ̫ԶһǵһЩǿΪԼΣգϷȥۿϷһӴĺӰæͣӣϸúȷһ׶ʯɽ
ʱȻһϷȻ֣һĺХѸ˸ʯ·׶ʯڣһ
ֻǺʯһȥתۼ㲻ӰͷƤ飬ղһ֮ԼǺӰ֮ǰ״ڷɳ׷ӵ
ɻأ֪ӵǻЦ뿪ʯڣϷȥʯ̽Ĺ۲ܡ
һûϢʯ飬ϸ۲֮˿ϥϣһҺ壬Ķ·
Ǻɫһص壬Ȼᷢ쳣ֳĬ̳ʯڣһĶͷ̳֣Ŀ˸̽ռ䡣
ռûã·һŭɫ·ɳײɴСʯ¶ɭɭâһѰ
Ȼ߱һǣ֪͵֮˺ܿܲδԶ¶âߣ֮Ȼһٴηĺм󣬲ĵſһʯϣƽ
ܿ죬̳֮ǰĳʯϿǵĺӰ˹ȥ
˲䣬Щ̼ٵĻζѸپһγ׶״ӵĶϺɫ
Ȼľ죬·½ͬʱֹâ֣Ӵ쫷ϯȥһʯ׷飬ڵʯ飬Ҳܵ˲Сٵһ롣
һս˴ԼһʱƽϢǨŭĺӰհˣҲأڰ
ʮִռ뿪һʯ֮ϣһ֣ʶɢй۲ܡ
ܵʯһЩ֮һЩϸСʯǶ˺ܶࡣֲ֮˿̷Ϸȥ
ԽʯȻһ٣ǰղŵһ˲䣬һʯǰĳλúȻʧ
أˣͬʱһ٣ܵʯ̷飬һǰȥ
ЩʯǰȥһĿǰֻЩʯɳûԶȻʧ
ղſЩʯʧλãղźȻѿһɫĿӣٶ̫죬ټ߲էһ·ʯͻȻʧһ롣
ֳĬǰһĴһѷɽǰڽһ㣬ɽǰ
תۼʯʧλãͻȻǵɫĿٴγ֣·ɽ˲䣬Ȼͺȵ飡
ɽһѳƬǺɫӺϲ˲䣬ܼĿһ٣ʱһƬı伤ķ򣬻صС
ֶŷɽƬ¼κɫҺ壬ҺܣɽƬָǵĺۼ
ǿռѷ죡ȷ֮飬ǵпռѷ졣еĻô˵صΣճ̶ȣٴһȼ
Ͼڲ̻꣬ǿռѷ˺£ﶼ
˿˫չ͵һΣʱʯȫۼγһ״ʯ
ŷɳԶٴǰУһ·ֻ֮Ҫʯʧ̸ı䷽򣬽ģŶι۲죬ȻȷʯͬռѷһĴڣʵһۿε
ṹŹ֣ʶҲԿߣҲֻΪ̻꣬ռԿռѷ˽⣬ŷһ𰸡
һ·ϣּСģ˵زΣвڴˣһᵤʿ˵̶Ѩһ³·һ
ôʱĬĬ㣬ԼҲ߳˲ǧˣǧǻֻ輫̵ʱһڣȴա
弸죬Ȼ޷㣬ȫʱ֮̾ϡ
ʱȥԼҲ֪ڴ˵ط˶ãʱȫעһδ֮յĶȹΣ
һգִһʯϢûжģȴƣ⻹ҿ֮ǰû˵ʱϰ˽ԭ򣬷ĻˣͱĥĽƣڴˡ
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ЩʯɻκǰԾķС
ģɳһξüͷͣڰգĿĹ۲ܡ˵غڰĳ̶Ȼɢ٣ԽϣԽй˷Լ
ЩǴӺδϾȥڽܣĵв֮С
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ֻֽͣһ˵ظոշǿҵĴս쫷缤ѳһ֮ȫʯ飬׷״ɢԶԲŻһĻ
ƿռѷ֮£ʯȫ̵һɶ
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ֳһ˵ôͱҪƵߣĻһ룬ô̾ͻΣա
һֵǰһʯϣʯʱǰƮȥܿڣһֱƮԶûʧֳ˫㼸£ʱܵʯһſǰȥ
ֲżǾվԭأʯǰ֮Щʯ֮Ψһһ޴ʯ鸽
ǸʯͻȻʧһĿͫһĶţƬ̺һʯʧܿ죬ʯʧھ޴ʯ˲䣬еʯȫʧһɶ
ĿסǼ㣬Щľ飬֪Щ·ռѷ޷ƶƺ̶ֻܹĳλá
ųܻƶ㣬ֳĬãǷ˽Ĵ㣬˵̫죬ɶķʱմԱƹҲԸðգϾʧܵĴۣܲ
¶ĺ˺ٴԾɽ´ʯƳȦһԷȥ
ģֵɫԽѾɳ˺Զհ׵ش·ޱ޼ʣûб߽һ㡣
ǰհ׽һ״ôͷ·Ǻᴩ޿ռһ㣬ַɳպòƹĴ㡣


һʮһ Ľµ
Ȼƹвͨ뿪ֻӲ
ְ̾һֵڷɽ֮ϣʱɽ˸ˣһʯȥģԽԽʯ֣ΪʯеһԱ
ʯԽԽ࣬ѾȦĵһ㣬ջؾɽ
ӴʯȺȻհ׵شٶȻԶԶǰУһ·Ϸƽ˾ûаΣա
ֵľ費ûмٰ֣˲٣ĵطʱ䳤ˣָͲŻ˰ȫƽ֮ء
෴һֻӴԲٵİȫء
ȫעɽʯʱ֣иǽԪӤʶɢһ˿ȷκη紵ݶԵһʱóƷ
ģհ׵شжΣǺ̽飬Էλã֮ǰʯʧĵطԻһֱߡ
иӽǰмȻʶڴһǿҵΣûκԥ˼ˣͬʱԪӤſγɹĻ
˺˲䣬γղ֮λγɽ״һŴſ
ԪӤ͵һлĩᣬ˳ȥͷ亹ðϲϵĴڣĵ׾ҵ𶯡
ƿռѷʯʱǵԼʱͻȻ򿪣Ŀ꣬Լ
ֳĬԶһ·;ĵײɵĿɬԪӤڷֻһҲǴſ˲䣬ˣɴ˿ɼеԪӤʿһ
һֱһ£ҲȻˡ
ĬƬ̺󣬺ԥĴӴڷѵķЩɱʱսƷֻǵͽףµƷʹá
һֿʯǰȥһΣСģʶɢвԱ̺ԥĺˡ
ͻȻǰʯͻȻʧһ룬һԽʮҵİԲ˺󣬵ܿ죬ʯҲʧһ룬ǴλͬʱʧʾģǰǺ󷽣ѷ֡
һȥţļٸɵķ㣬ͻȻ䷢žԼٶѸһա
ɫȻ̱һţѸһԻ֮յı˹ȥվʮ⣬ˮȻ·ʪղǸλã߸ѷͬʱſڣЩӳȻڴˡ
ֿЦܵʯѾ̵ȻһЩӣΣ֮󣬾ͻȫķѣҪģЩԼ˷ͬʱѺ۴ڣûκγ·ֻ·һ
̾һٴ˷һЩʶɢǰߣԶı߽磬룬ȫٷУֻƬ̣ܵ֪һԼȫٷУôпһͷײУʱͶѾˡ
һҧǰȥٶȻʶܣʱȥֽƣзȻȫꡣ
ʱ䣬ΣһȻ°ӣ̽ռ䣬µʱͻ
ҿռڵǵ֮زδ£߳ȻƬհ׵УռЩҽˣǽͬռҲ£㵱ʱûɳ󣬶ȻҲһ
ۿǰвʮľ룬ǰȥȻ䣬ǰһοӣҪʶ̴ǿҵΣУĵһĻˡ
ܣȫλã˻ѷ죬ЩѷѸſ¶֮ɫʶڴڷһɨͻȻһöƽϡ
ǵĽ֮ʱ͸ķչ֮ãûκԥѸټѾ⣬ǼƲãֻܽռˣǱ̣Ҳֻˡ
˲䣬ܵѷӿɶһ˲䣬һεɫȦȻԣͻȻɢͬʱһӴӰڶʱֵ֣˲䣬ιȦɢ֮ЩѺһʼ
Ȧζ䣬һ̽ӣѸ߶ɿתһԾӲǴڵķ϶ڣ˳ȥ
һУӰһ壬ֱӳʮ֮⣬һ·֮϶ѿڱȱȽǣÿֻҪһ֣⼱ת衣
뿪˿հ׵شӰȻֱıԵֶ˵æһ̣Ѹһ֮ڡ
ǵһѳһϸСĺۼΪʹʶһɨֲǱϺ˿СĵİŻشͷſհ׵شĵȻЩ
Ĭ̧ͷȥ㣬̤һ׶ʯ֮ϣʱʯʯЩʯٴγɻ״󣬸Ϸȥ
ֹգֵٶԽԽ죬Դ뿪ǹµĿհ״󣬷·ǽһռ㣬ȻûзһѺ֮⣬ЩǿҲûһֻڿհ׵ش·ÿ߳ǵϢ
һٶȻʯֲδһһʼյĽʮȷһʧĻǲЩԤʯӵġ
ٶһ죬гʱ㱻̣ģֲܵ׶ʯ飬СѾ뵱ոս˵ʱࡣ
޿ռ̫ˣֲΪԼɵ׼ȷҵλãֻܶԱЩ׶ʯĴСжλ
һգվһ׶ʯϣĿ̧ͷ濴ȥƬСʯȺڣѾ˺ܾúܾãҵ˵ǵȦ
Ϸ֮Уһ޴ĹȦƮգȻȥЩϧܴĹسɹͿɽڣһ֮Σ֪֮ԼΪڴ˵ضȻ޷档
̾һһԾŹȦȥȦ˲䣬һɫȻӹȦڳ֣Щǰһ𣬻һȥͼ
һ޷ǰУһǿ·;һ㡣Ŀΰ㣬ĵȻⰼС÷һ鼫Ʒʯ
˺󣬴˳ɺΰٴλɫ磬ʧڹȦڡ
˷һÿΰ㶼ֳ֣ĬĿĿȻͷϷȥ
ǵõħ˵˵ǽһصֻͨʯ֮ϣ˳ʯƶķλͨ


һʮ ֮
˵Ѿ˺ܳʱ䣬׶ʯƶķȫǳ״һ·Уڰº˳ʯ˶ˡ
Щ׶ʯյ㣬һޱ޼ʵľ޴УȻУе׶ʯ飬վǳУʧ档
ֿУĬƬ̷̣ɳһѷɽǰƯʶһֳ̽һӡڷɽ֮ϣһ˦ɽзȥ
΢˫ֳۣʶŷɽȥ̽ӽУûκͣȻĳ˽ȥ
ڽһɲǣɽԶ٣ͬ㣬һᣬͨһ߷ɳչǰģһƬ磬Ǻı㣬л谵ȴйâ͸£ڱ̷䡣
΢紵ڱ˼ȦԶƮȥ
ԶԶȥ˵ޱ޼ʣȴÿһξ룬ͻһĺ߶ȲʮɣԽ󣬳ֵĺԽߣʶԶ߶Ȼʮɡ
Щһֱߣ߶ȵ֮£һּ׳֮С
ͨɺɫɽʯɣǵ㷴ĹâϣҲգûа㷴ա
ɽͣƬ̺󣬱зɻأС
Ǿ޴֮⣬˫ۣջطɽϵʶѷɽ봢Ĭ󣬴óһ£ħͷ̴ڷɳһ˷ܵĿ֣ɱ˭ģħͷ˷ܵı飬ٿܺһ¡
ӷɿתһȦĿͶǾ޴Уֿ˿֣˴֣̽˵㡭òҽɣУԲУ
һﲻһУĶħͷ
طΣǲֲ̽óȻ롣
ħͷ˵˭֪ʲôطֵֺĸоȥԲȥ
һĴʱɳ˻죬Щǵ֮óһˣĿ˸Ŀ͵ץȥʱɣľµĻǱȡ˳
ħɱʦֶɣľ£𰸺󣬱˳ֳ˻ǣӡɣľԼƵĻڡ
һ΢İ׹кɣľ¿־棬һ˦׹ʱħͷ
ħͷ촽˫¶̰֮ɫ˵ſȥӺͷҡ粦˹һ㣬˵ȥǲȥ
ĿкâһʶȻһԾħͷʱҽһٴγ̣󰧺֮æģٰ㲻ԸķС
ƾħͷڵʶе˲䣬һο֮ľ󣬵̣ɫһ䣡
һΣ֮Ǳ磬ǱһƬ𺣣ĵȷȷǻ𺣣ͬޱ޼ʣɫԽ󣬱ԽǷڣԶԶȥԶһƬ죬նյϺϺ졣ˣ
֮⣬ɻûޣڻһƬ֮Уͬһ㣬ͬŸ߶ȵĺһߣԶԶͷ
ħͷֽһƼˣæ˻ء
ֳĬĿͣһħͷħͷ̿ɥٸһǣ
ֿһִۣӻóһǣ˳ȥħͷ¶һ֮ɫٴγС
һΣڵٱ䣬һƬɳĮ޴ƣɳĮ֮УԶһŻɫ쫷磬ƶ
֮ǰһһźԶ߼ʡ
Ŀ˸ļ飬ֱǵɽľ֣Ǻϲǽľˮ֮ء
ֺȻˣΪʲôľȥѰԽԽ֮ڣôǱ𺣡ɳĮɽκһطɶȹ
֮أѡȻɳĮϾó֮ڶȹżİ
ֳһƮһԵʯϣʯ飬ƶдĿһɨħͷħͷ̾һ̹ԹԵ˽ȥ
ûãʯҪе˲䣬̺ˣվһʯ֮ϣħͷʱɥٴ˽ȥ
ѭһħͷĴεʱĿһ˵̳˽ȥ
Ŀ֮ɫɳĮŰɳĮ֮磬źХԶߣɫ쫷绺ƶ쫷ư磬Ͻ죬أ޾ƺƵǵݣҲ˿Ϊ
ģЩɳӣϣȼء
ħͷӣ»ɳ̤ʩչ˶ʱԭʧʱڰ֮⡣
⣬֮صһ߽ڣʱʵķʧܹƽ
ϸڹ۲һĿأ㣬ͷûκΰ裬Ωڵ㣬һӣһĻҳܲ鿴ҪȥȻŲһ٣ӣĿ
ղĿһ䣬ϵĻҳмһλã߶вͬǰϸһһӣһɨϵĻҳȥһ㡣
ʱһС֣ģֶ֡˵˫ٴһӣɨκϵּ
ּȻǰдϣҳۣ˹ȥ
˵أּΪۣ⼸ֲԾһԵϢĿתȥ뿪˺
߳˲䣬ķٴγ죬ɳ裬գնŪĻ谵
ֻӵصǰðʧУһʲôĽƣôһУ³һĴóһѷɽŰһ˦ɽڿգڷһٶʱͻȻһ쫷Ϣɽ̱ڣתۼ㻯ĩ
ɫ糣Ԥϣɽֻ֤ˡĿһ£˵ؾһԼаңһ̤ٴγصףǰȥ
һΣԸоɳĮصз·һֹʩչһתӲͦȥľ룬ܿ㰲ȫȹ
ڵڶڣһûκη֣һ㲻ȷǾǹŵ۵ǷҲǴ֮ضȹЩ֮ǰԴǣᵽһɴ˿ɼǶ뻹Ǵӱ֮ضȹ
ʱ˿̣ǰ֮⣬һߴǧɵĺڣһվ棬ȥֻ쫷磬ŰΧ֮ͬǺһ촫
ʱΪǱֻܣʱҲήҲԴ΢֮
ܣĴޣǰħͨڣɫ׷ǻ޶֣֣Ҳûκãֻܸߡ
˵Ŀ궼ͨ˵Уֻеһغ󣬲ʱȹΣǺɫ׷ᣬһ֮ǰĴ㱻״ҡ
ԭ׼һͬһأƾҵͬȹôһһصѶȻΪͣҲ̫ʵڶʹá
ϧɫʵ̫ǿ֮ͨӦֻѸٶߣڶ˵ڣû֣ͣһһ룬ˣÿһˣٵĻһ
ģ֮ءڿɳĮ˲䣬ĵһԭǵļƻһҪˮ֮أҲǱ磬һǾǴ˺ͨ˵ΣգҴˣϾһΣټϸ׼˿ƴ˵صķĻᰲȫͨ
ڣ֮أ֮ǰδһֻӲͷƤǰУʼһ㰲ȫɹһЩɫ쫷ǵصĳ쫷дһ˷ʤ
ԭﲻǺ֮ܶ࣬ӱʩչһһɱû뵽ɱɱţЩȻԽԽ֮࣬ǰһսУֻ
ӱϾǻΪڶ˵ЩЩ˼ɣջǰЩȫɱֻû߳Զ̱гʮٴγ֡
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ڵΪжҲɱЩ̫ˣģЩɱ󣬻᲻ʮ
ޱ޼ʵ֮ڣ쫷˵ʮʹǰٱǧ򱶵пܣһӲɵĵ׷
ЩǺܴ󣬵ڻʮڣͬʱôǻڣҲ̵ʶ嶼ᱻ֧顣
ԽԽɻѾ߳ǧɳʱһЩ쫷һɨ⣬ûκΣաֻǵصеԽӱٶȲòڵһڵֿ
һգںԼɣֱָһ߽Ȼɫһڵһĵ棬ϺĻҳϣ˼΢ĺۼҳ·˲һƵá
˹ȥͷĿѸںڴϽߵһ㣬˵ϵĻҳ˲ȵҡ
Ѿȷ֮ǰȻ˴֮ؽ룬ҸݻҳϵĺۼӦû뿪̫á
վڣ˳ȥλãĿԶķֻԶԶȥ֮ĺɫ쫷⣬
̰ٶȷŻǰߣķǰ˭Լ˵ûһϣȻˣܰպ֮ľ룬ôȫԽԷ֮Լȫȹ֮ء
뷨ֲǰߣһһֱ֮⣬ڼÿ·һҪȷųħͷ̽һȷȫŻСĽĽ롣
ʱһȹº󣬺ĸ߶Ȼﵽ˰˰ɣСĽ̽һվ߲㣬ȥ
һ·֮ϣѾϰÿһվڶǰңȻĿͫһգĿֻ֮СС쫷磬ȫǰƶЩ쫷·ʲôٻһ㣬һ¡
Ŀºһصףǰ߶ȥ
ص׵ˣҪð˳ɵֿʩչ߼䣬Ȼһͣʶǰɳ͸źâһ˿˿̱ǵζ촫ֶ˵һĴóķ̺ڿУһԾӵص׳֡
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ʱʶֻǰһС͵쫷磬쫷緢ҵĺХĻζ
ֳĬĺ˼ɣ׼Ĺȥһǰʱ쫷ߣλþɳӱ𣬾֮кֱһЩںϣž졣
Цʶһɨֻһ쫷磬Ƕ˵ʶ̴˫̽뵽쫷֮ڣһ˲䣬̸ӦС쫷֮ڣгһǧʶ
ÿһʶ൱ڽᵤʿֻҪԪӤ־Ͳвʶһɨнٸʶ𣬵ʱȻʣµǾŰٶʶһֹķȫںһ𣬻һʶֵʶݺݵĴ
ͬʱС쫷Ȼһ٣һ֮£ת֮ʧ¶Сޡ
ЩСղֻֿһһǱ˴˽ܵİһ𣬳ɿĴ򣬼Ŀд֮
ʶֵʱ䣬һγһݺʶһͬʶ
üͷһ壬ʶջأһĴħͷɳõʶ˫۷Ź⣬ַԸԼ˷ܵȥ
ħͷɳһ̣ʶǰ٣ħͷ˷ܵĴһȻһ̣״ɢ˲С޾ۼʶסħͷ˵ûаãֱ͸
ͬʱſ³һ⣬ɽ˸ЩС޴ȥڷɽȺһ̣ЩСһȻɢ鲼ա
˵ʱʱ죬ۿСɢȻһĴʱٰѷɽ̴Ӵڷɳʶһɨϣƾ輫ʶͬʱЩɽһ꣬й


һʮ ڶħͷ
ûһνЩСޣǱƿȻЩСڷɽĳ£ٴɢֶ˵һ˳С֮ķ϶ȥں⣬һվǼٰѷɽڰתһȦȫջش
ͬʱһħͷħͷСʶֵٻͲᣬĿڼʶһһ
ħͷУĴ˸æҼɣۣһһڣίƮԣ۰Ͱ͵ĿЩСʶɢصڡ
ܲ⣬ɷǵԴĸˣô˲ɱ
ĿأվںڶЩСޣħͷɣԭġҲǸո뵽С޵Ǿۼһ𣬾γ쫷磬֮أģ쫷硣
ɴ˿ɼЩС޵Ŀ޷ͬʱЩС޵ĹʶͬʱУڴˣǵԵô
һЩС࣬ƺܺӵı£һ֮£ǰĳ˿һĻޱ޼ʵĺɫ쫷磬ȫһۡ
ĿĵķУɴ˿ɼЩСӵһٻһɱ࣬Ǿͻٻͬ飬һҪѭ֮Уôȴģһһ޾쫷硣
ͬʱһɱ¾󣬺ܻܿЩ쫷ٻĻǾͲӰǣ쫷ˡ
ղŵսжֻС޵ʶħͷ𣬴ʱĿ˸ȺģЩСٴһγ쫷磬ڵľת˼Ȧ֮󣬱㲻ᣬǰƶȥ
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Ҳͣ˵Ҳ˶ʶ³һ룡
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Ȼ֪ħеЩ뷨е֮ɫҲ²֣飬ҲĺƽϣעȫǰƮŵĶʮСʶϡ
ϸ۲Ŀһץʮǣϲȥмĳڣ´һ˵شСʺϣǼʶһɢ̰ܰ
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˷ɽ֮⣬پħͷħͷкܶϴô˵ղţӳħͷȥԸʶҪΪ˷һЩֽš
֮⣬һپһᣬϧڵϢ̫죬ֲûгŪǰʹó
ħͷص㣬ڻǵԣһħͷΪ䱾;߱ԪӤǱʣλЩƣֵǿ£ھ߱һ˿λԣֻ֮ĿΪ֮ƽٵλ꣬ܶࡣ
λ꣬ǿκΪֻһˣ̵ǣͬʱѪ⾫ĴڣЩͨߣſɱĻֻ̻ꡣ
ħͷֻԼͬףǸ߳һλԪӤڣǿɵĻʱʧܡ
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Ŀ˸ִһԻڳһǣһ˿ӡ˳ȥ
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ֻһҪ߶һ£Ŀкɫһʶ̻һСʶܣ
֮£СʶƮۿԽԽƽ΢һ٣ֻǻǴȥģԽԽ
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Ϊ죬ΪҪܴܱƶԷɣϾħͷôģû뵽С޾ȻֻһƣԶںϣȻɣЧȷһ
ֶ˵ջغٴóһǣһ˿ʶ˳ȥβȥƣСʶһӵϣںϡ
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ȤŨץһֻ죬͵һʣµϰٸһɳһһʶСʶϯȥ
ʶ̷һХڵһηХһ̻һȦȦɢ¶ϲɫĿ˲ͣ
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ʱСʶڲʱ䣬ϰٸȫɸɸɾţһһźɢһңĳ
ĿһӣʱʣµʮŸСʶ֮У봢ĿתźܸоԼЩڵʶڴںУһһ뵽ʶ֮ڡ
һԵħͷĿɿڴǰһĻİͣС̫ˣУҪŬˣȻпܱɷȥιСܣħͷһ˺󼸲˵״ϥƮڰգӻ۵Ļǡ
һ졣ڣǺһɲ䣬ʼûκα仯ÿճ˹۲⣬Ҳ쫷磬ܺХһ쫷Լǧɣһ쫷֮㣬ӺԴ
쫷ڴ˲䣬΢΢һ٣̲ʶХĿ겢еĺ
ֻЩʶ˲䣬㱻ĵ˻ȥ߰쫷磬ںĬ󣬱뿪ˡ
Ĳ쫷ʶٵһ̣дһ쳣ĲԴˣְо죬۲ĸϸ
ģԽԽ쫷ˣЩ쫷Ŀ궼һЦò¾֪Ǹڡ
ӴʱˮʵɱһС޺̾ͱڶʮСްΧһ̣ͲµԼˡ
ǰյڱ֮صľ飬ͬһҲǺ֮ܶ࣬ɱĻࡣ
֮ؾȻ෴ⲻɵӿЦѾһɱЩСҲȻϵʶ
գӵħԱԷſֽţƬһС޵ٻԽԽƵ˺ڣȺûм٣ԽԽ࣬ൽͷƤĵز
ʱվںڣһ߼ʵ쫷磬ÿʱỵ̈ЩС޵ӣҲԹԺŵ㣬ʩǿĽƣֹС޽ͬʱҲֹʩ
߳ĵûаգţֻҪԼ̤һôȴԼģڣʮڶпܵС޼һʶ
ħڶһŶǧʿΪ֮ĻڣʱҲûа취С޵ʶӲ
Ĭãϵܣ¶һ˿ݶ˵һܣ̴£ſڵϷ֮
ΪʹĿһۣ̾˿ٴΰջأӴץһʮɶ೤ĺɫߣͷжǣһ֣ɢ֮
棬ϷӦòˣһܱɣƷ鼶۷壬ȻԴʹãϷҲЩˡĴָָһ̷ɳһѪзŹֵķѪɫ䵭վȻɫɿĵ˾ͷϡ
أ˫ֱ任İͷһ̧֣һ˿ߣͷӡ˾ͷɫĵϡ
֮վӣѾڵϣǶһأһ
Ŀںݶ֮ɫ˵һ̤ʯ̤˲䣬Щ쫷ǿе쫷ڵСޣʶ˲һ𣬻һ磬й
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־ﲢǺܽҲȻܵӴϣӴ˫ۣңڷ
ͬʱڵ춯ٴӿ֣ջĿ⣬Ķź΢΢̽һɫ棬ĳ֡
ڵħͷܿƣִʶͬãسװǿԿƣȻ˵
ǰʶ˲䣬Ӳδ˦ʱѴѵĺƴй
ЩһӿǴСޣ̴쫷ˤ£ȫ鶯Ϊ̣ڻΪƵһ֡
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ĺƣһƬ쫷ϣ̱һֻֻСޣţЩСọ̈̄Ϊеһ֡
һһƬԽԽɢٶȷչ
˵ĿأڵĲԽԽܼĺ۶գһ£б淢ȼ֮
ͬʱ˫ںâ˸µļʶԽӼ̣еħͷҲ쳣ָǺĴ֣СҲôշģƴܾˣʱӰǶˣǸ⣡
ԽԽ˷ܣĿͣħͷȻЩָȴֻǻָһ˿ѣʣļ䣬תħͷһ̣ɢˣʱһҲûٰԼʿǳͷβİԼħͷ
ʱȥǺԽԽС͵һգ۳һɢԲֻǼԲѣһɫȻɢһ֣̻С޵ͷ­ĳ죬ɢɭɭǵϢ
һΣʧԭأĵһȴƽңĿⶢҲմʶݳ
εħͷȻ֮¶ɫٴʧּʶһΣ˸գ
ɴ˿ɼ˻εħͷٶж졣ɫ糣зǵûлңƽ¶âʶ͵
һҺ̴ǻεħͷӸһ֣ӭͷײʶ㲻֮£ʱʶᴩȫ
ӲƮǰħ¶֮ɫʵ
ħͷ˿æĵ˿淴뷨׵һɶû뵽ɷǾȻô׾ƷСܣһĥԼµ˴𰸣ĵװɣ


һʮ ħͷ
Ŀ¶âŻεħͷСޣʶȻһɫԣСħͷһ
Ϊ̻ϣչֳ˵СħͷˣħͷҲŵڵϣһҶеѹУľ
εСħͷʱͬ˼ֻȣԵóУģС¶֮ɫ
ʶĳɫԣĶħͷһջڣͬʱһӣóһ죬ħ˵ӻ̣ڡ
ڻһʶŷŻشڣͬʱһӣһ˿״ϸߣЩȫ֮ǰʶãƷħͷǰڴʩ
ִһץЩʶϸһϲһ𣬱
ղ֮Сħͷٶٿ죬ᱻƵԭһ־ͳЩʶϸϣڲħ쳣ʱֱȻϢİܵʶƣ˵˿ߣķֲܣͷ·֩һ㡣
ƾС޴ᱻ̸֪ͬʱħںڶǺڵһ˿ʶҲ˼á
߹ͬ£ܲħжҲͲΪˡ
ջʶվӣ˳ȥȻһȥŴһ̤˳ȥħͷ󣬿ӳصףæںȥ
ϧûã㱻һץסӽڡ
λãµȻüҪüųɵֿʴˣٶȲɵ
һǰУʶһɢ棬Ĺ۲Զ
պɫ΢ʶпڼԶ֮أһƬƣƬٶȼ죬Ѹٵ
֮쫷׷ɢʱ㲻ߣ̱СޱɡֶƬƣٴκסӻ³
ûãƺХںƺ棬Ȼ쫷֮ʱ쫷缱תǿ磬Ŵƿƶ
쫷ֲ֮֮һԶԶƶȥûã쫷֮ع飬ٶȸ죬ҵĺХٴʧԶ
ߺǰƶĵЦǺƲ˵һŪģ쫷֮䴵һɢЩС޻ء
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ºֵСĽ£ƹƬʶһۺ󣬱Ϊ֮һ쫷Ⱥ
һƬ쫷ȺڵСǱڻࡣͷƤ飬СĽڰº˹ȥ
֮صЩ쫷磬󲿷ֶһ·С֮£Ҳоաʱվһڣź󷽣Ӿ
Цֶ˵Ѹ뿪ǰȥȻܿǰԶ֮ϣһ޴С
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ħͷҧгһ̳һ쫷ڣץ𼸸Сޣ˽һɡ
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ˣЩСʶ໥ںһԭҲĿ̴ӵص
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ֹ۲Уʮ࣬Ȼɳһڵڶħͷǰͣ£з֮


һʮ 
ڶħͷ˫ۺâһ˵ײȥҲǱ뺷㣬ʶһԾһͷӭȥ
໥ںһͨڵڶħͷڵʶ̲еı仯ǧֻܴһǵڶħͷɣ౻ںϡ
ܿ죬¶һ˿΢ЦΪ̻꣬ħͷ䱾Ѿ߱һ˿λԣܱȡ
ʶ໥ںɣĵڶħͷ֣ʶճױڶħͷںϣΪһ֡
ںϳɹ˲䣬һȺСޣ̷ɵڶħͷߣڣγһ쫷硣ĿЩС޵ʶ֮ԿһΪһʶڣʶЩС޿໥ɡںϣĪĹ
ʱڶħͷХ쫷ҪһȥĿһһʱǵڶħͷ֮һڵ쫷ֹͣת±С״̬
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ʶзһڶħͷæһХܵС޷׷װְΧסɫ糣ƽˮĴСޣûκ쳣֮ɫ
ЩС޷ɽ󣬲ǽӣٴתΪ쫷硣
ħͷæҪϣһײ쫷㱻ݺݵ˦޵Уĵһίջִ쫷ֻ֣˽ȥ
쫷֮ڣָͲԼУ²ֻСޣƽأǱЩСһǿʶ˸ʶ̽⡣
ĿһԵڶħͷʱ쫷ڷȥ쫷Ҳ棬ʮ쫷ХȥܿƬΪ֮ľ쫷Ⱥ
Ƿ˲䣬һӴʶɨսʶûκͣһɨ
ʶȻûϸ۲죬ֻԿһۣδ쳣
쫷ܷ䣬쫷ڣԶͨ쫷֮Ц˵ʶ쫷֮е࣬ɢġ
ѾЩ˽⣬ÿһ쫷УһԽǿĴڣǲСʶһ𣬲ʩߡ
ͺñʿ뽫ͨСޣʿǿʩߣǽͨ쫷磬ߣ
ӽ֮ͨ쫷⿴ȥֻƬӴ쫷ȺУһֱĺȻڡ
ֲõڶħͷˣΪַʽϢĽӽһɼжָɱӣЩǴõпܵġ
ڶħͷµʶħͷڵĲһħͷǾʱݱ䣬ʶѾǱĬٿأԸ⣬ҪʶͿҷֻһ²ʹڵʶǰֶΡ
ƽʱԼʶвΪǱĬĲٿΪϾѾָһ˿䣬ѰλԵ
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Щ棬ΪǸУȴȻһˣҲǻԵɺϣŽ档
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ӱ˫ۣܿĿ¶֮ɫ죬˵ֺ꣬ݺݵץסͻȻջأжһһȭͷСīɫԪɢǿ
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ﵽƷ鼶صתΪ쵤ǵƷ鼶쵤ΪԪʱ޵Ԫֻһ
ֻе˻޾磬ڵŻתΪԪ񣬴Ӵ֮һԾΪǿޱȵĻҰ֮ޡ
ϺŨſڵأץȥץס̵ͺһѰԼͷ
ܱĹİɢҺԽԽ࣬ЩҺ˳ϵŧڣֻܣȫΪˮա
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ۿѪҺ赲ԼĴߣڵʹԼĴһֶֺ֮ǵɱ⣬֣ͳ˰Χ˵Ѿ˵ڶء
һУΪֵĳ֣׵ĸıˣӵͷԣȻ֪Լһ·֮ϣΪ˶Է·ȷ棬Ϊȫ쫷סԴӽᵤڵΪôܻᰲȻĶȹһأ


һʮ ȡȺ
ӵӣͨ쫷ʧ֮У⣬ˮһ㽫û
ӻһ̣תۼԶԶ뿪쫷ȺһЩɢ쫷磬Щ쫷ʱֱͼ֮ǰһֹǰ
ЦƽңЩ쫷Χ˲䣬һͻȻ٣ߣڣѸٳ쫷İΧԶɿתȥ
һĻ̫죬쫷ûӦҼǷӦǵǣҲ治еĲ졣
վ쫷ڣѸԶյľ޴зȥղŴ쫷г˲䣬ȻпƵڶħͷ븽һ쫷УʩȨ
ʱһˮɣȻҲ졣
ͨ쫷еʱ˫ɨԶһĿڵ쫷ڣ¶ɻı飬ܿ죬Хһʱܵ쫷磬׷ȥ
Ŀ¶Ź֮ɫ쫷ڱסӣѸƶ෴ķʧ
Щ쫷ٶȣ˴֮༫С쫷磬ٶȻҲͿ죬һͼһֱߣ׷ѡ쫷磬СпɣٶҲ
ʱЩ쫷Ȼ׷ȴû˿ӣĵĬĬһĿⶢмٶȽϿ쫷硣ſ³һ⣬ɽ쫷һĵ˼֮쫷˲ƶȥ
ʶ̺ڷɽ֮УֵĿ겢ӴʿһСޣЩ쫷еʩߡ
ڼʶ£ھɽķУֻһְļ쫷еһͻȻֹͣתСһɢ¶Ի֮ɫ
ûκͣ˵˫ָ㣬ʱⲻ׷쫷Ⱥ˸Ǽ쫷磬һ
ʱۿ׷쫷ʶ۵ļǹϵһ٣ɽ˸أֲɱУǾһսЩС޶Ȼ֮ǰֻǳ治⣬ڣǼ·ɽճԷһʶͻ١
ɲһ㣬ƴıһΪ
Ǵһ˿Ц˷ɽߣܿ죬˫ľ㱻֮ǰ֮쫷磬ָͷϴٶȱһЩġ
һ˵ʵȴǼ죬תۼ䣬˫ľȻʱЩС޵ʶѾۣһ
ȻƽЩʶٵ˲䣬жԵڶħͷһֻڶħͷƵЩСޣһͷ󷽣Хӿзһɢ
˵ͬʱǰ쫷͵ƶͻȻ٣ʶΪ֮գ׼ٴνʱֵ쫷磬ȻɳԶ
еľ޴УȻĿĿ˸ʵ֮ǰûӱĴ㣬ʱͰȫڶ㡣
ڣ쫷磬ǽѸٳҲа˳ɰհȫڣȴô㡣
֪ڶصǺѹأԼһóȻ룬²һص˸С
һԽɵİ⣬׷Щ쫷ͷϡе뷨ܴЩ쫷ڶأһڵڶİȫһЩϡ
Ĵ㣬ȻܵǰϸĻͷ˿쫷ȺĬϵһҧʶжԵڶħͷ´ʱ쫷ٶȣ
ٶһХ쫷ȺȻٶȾͱ죬˲Ѿֻвʮɣͬʱʶ½
ʱ쫷磬յľ޴УȻˣֻͬвʮɵľ룬룬쫷ȫȥֻҪһϢ
Ҳ˵󷽵쫷Ⱥ׷ҲͬҪһϢǽУҪϢ
һϢִӴóһ쫷类۶ʶУһΣûͻȻ٣ͣ쫷ڵСʶֿ֮
һϢ֮䣬ڵ쫷磬Ȼ롣
Ŀƽû˿ҡʱУˡͬʱЩ쫷磬Ȼ׷
ڶϢĿһ֮ͬϵĳ쫷硣쫷ȺХ֮٣ХǵذЩ쫷ȺкȻ
ڵ쫷磬뿪˲䣬˵ڶħͷ⣬ȫ
ʱֵӣȻվ֮У׷쫷磬ͬѾУЩ쫷ٶȻһ٣һЩ̾Ҫˡ
Ըⲻʮ쫷磬ͺȵ°ɣ
˵ͬʱȻ֮ǰһϢʱӴó֮ʱһιȦΪĵ㣬ͻȻɢ쫷ȫΧڡ
ͬʱӰڻûֵĲٿ£ŹȦתʱ˿ֵ̣ĳ룬ɫ⣬Щϣ˳ӰȦȫΧѸȥ
תۼ䣬ͬȦʮ쫷磬ȫ֮УʧӰ
ʱ漸һֱߵ쫷磬Ҳ׷˹һУ㱻ݺݵĵЩ쫷ԽۼԽ࣬˶֮ʼ޷ڣģ໥ɢˡ
һ֮أƽֻڵĳһλãȫѪģƮڰգ˫ãǰɶߵ壬ʱĶͷǰɫָǣɿ˸ţĴڸֶ
ü֮ϡ
˵֣֮س˲䣬ʶɢ۲ɵһչǰ֮أһƬɵ磬һɺɫʯɵĹγ⣬
ջʶת󷽣Ȧڣʮ쫷תХܹ֮Ȧײȥ
ÿײһ£ȦһЩһ˵˷󷨣ȦӰһʧʮ쫷̺Хɢ
ͬʱһ㣬ڶħͷ̻ζЩ쫷緢սХ
Щ쫷һ٣һ쫷ڷɳһֻСޣڶħͷײһִݵĿǰһĻⱾ֮ǰͼ֮£֮ڵһûõڶħͷսΪ׷쫷ʵ̫࣬޷ͣ£һսֻ쫷磬ʱһڶħͷսʧܣôܣû˺·
ֻʮһȻͬ
վںʯűߣңԶʮ쫷磬ХתһƬϸԿȫмһ쫷תһ˿˿ɫĵ⣬ӳһ塣
Щ쫷ڵʩߣѾȫڶħͷںϣֵֻǿ£Щںϵʶȫڣħͷá
ôΪ˷ֹڶħͷںϹ࣬ӶƿصĴʩ


һʮ 
ĿǺʯſã죬һֱڹ۲ʯţŲʼṳ̂ϡ
ɵ磬ʯ⣬һƬջġ
ֳĬһӣʱʮ쫷ȻһɢȫֹͣתǻԼСޣȻɢ
΢˫Ŀͨڶħͷ֪ЩСޣڶСһɢܷȥֻХ֮Զȥ󼸽š
֮ͻȻ˫ۣһԾȥķУڶС˷£γ쫷硣
ʱ䲻һ٣ͣǰһԽʮɸߵʯʯɫԺ죬ɢһаֻ֮Сޣſʯϣžų򣬷֮
ֹ⼸ֻСȥ뵽쫷ڡֿʯֻд֡·
֣һֲɣζֿȻĿͶʯ½ǣһһӣʱһǿɨʯҷ䣬ʯ½ǣһС֡
ȹ֮أշⲻ·˵ؽΪȤʴһԣԵмϸĥⲻ֡
̬ƽȴΪ֮һСոս֮غʱЩһһȻͬһд
м֮⣬֮ضԴ˵ʵǼǿͨ쫷ɱշ
ת䣬˫ۣ˵棬Ϊλ֮أ˵Щ٣Ͼշ֣岻Զһ֣ͱʾ֮ˡ
ȻҲпܣշ˸ֵֻ֮һˡ
Ǽ٣ûȤϸĿ⣬ٴǲ·棬Ĭ
֮תʯŷȥ쫷Ⱥ
صʯԣһĴħͷ˳ʵĶЩ쫷磬ֹСܶôʲô˲ģԺҲҪŪЩСܸţ
һָʯţħͷʱһһûּۻۣӣб۵Ŀ쫷һۣĵװûɷӻǿӵģȻĻô϶أ
ʱ¶ֺ֮ɫ˵ʯŷȥɳԶһֱҲûʲôΣգת˼Ȧŷ˻
üͷ΢壬쿪ʱ쫷ڷɳһֻСޣСſϣС۾Ķ֣һ
һ˦Сźʯŷȥ߳СһֹͣǰĿأСĿת
ֻС޲ӣת˫¶־֮ɫʱʯţ¶һУһӱС̵ָ糣
ֳĬʱȻףʯţͨⲻ·ıؾ֮أٴδ߶ֻС޷ʯţȻ
ֻһ⵽ǼֻСһȥôֻһֻ䣬ɺµС޲ŻγֱʣԴơ
Ŀĵװ顭顭˼ֻҪͲܻĬûóȻ̤
ϥʯ⣬ӻóһǺɫ˿͵ս̻֮Ķڵʬ
ϧⴢֹʶ̽룬޷򿪣֪жԷʶֻĨ󣬲ܰ򿪡
ֻʶǿ̽˼ΣԼʶϣʶ޷ϵӶﵽʶ˸Ӧĵز
˵Ĩʶ㣬ļʶǿġ
һո֮ʶѾʧɴ˿ɼӶ
Цһɵ˫һǻʿǧĻۣڣʯвʮ飬ڴѻɽЩʯȫƷ
ǰһģڰĴɢεξʯǺļƷʯ
ȻĶ鼫ƷʯһðյᣬѾǹˡ
֮⣬һЩƿƿ޹ޣڷֻɫСپû
һĥףӱסգ䷨Ȼꡣ
ʵ²ȷӵķ٣һԪӤϣֻĶγģǴʮΪͻΧǴѴѵӳϧ߶ԱɱһѪ·ϧջʧܡ
Ϊ£䴢ڣ̶û
ЩĴڻвһһȡڶͷ鿴ԽɫԽϲ󲿷򣬶ǽܸԼ޼ļ¼
Щڵ˵źܴô벻ǿϣҲʶ
ר䴢ڵ򣬸ⷽϸĽܣֿãļʶ֮˰ٱֹ
Щ֮⣬һīɫֵע⣬ڣһ׹⹦־ֻһָڤ
ҾͽΪڤɣڤϸһ׿ƾ֮ͨԶ־Ų㣬չϵ㣬ǻΪҲڴ˶⡣
ֻ׹ΪԵ̣ܳԸֶҩ̼壬ӶﵽһǶľ硣
ҳھŲ㷵豹ľ磬ŻѶų޳ڤӶָɳ֮⣬û֮ǰֱ죬ģǻ᳤ŧ
ֿ󣬳Ĭ⹦Ĵ㣬һȻ˹ɣȻ˵ڤʱԽڶԽ࣬һĿܣӿʶӶʧȥǣһֻ֪ɱ˵Ļˡ
շԭĿ˹Ȼвٷ϶ҩҲʩչ
ƶҩӱѾϸĿһ飬ĵΪĶ
ӴóЩƿƿ޹ޣڵһЩܣһһϣ漸ȫǶҩֻһƿڣװַʳķ
ַڿЧеȵһֻ֣Ϸʳһ΢صĶҩſɰѷЧӵ
ְѴжһһԼڣӵڵϡһ
һӵıɫС
˶ȻһΪȻаɢֻУ˶أǿɱʶֲ鿴ʱΪ
֪˵Ӵڣ֮ڤ뼫Ʒʯ⣬Ե̶Ͼ˶ӻΪıǧꡣ
ղ鿴ʱжɫСĽܣڤڶʱҪһ¶֮Ϊ嶾ı
СǴ˵еҩķƷ˵Ƿƶɣ֮ҩڲȴǲģֻҩղľľˡ
˶ĳӺķĻʱ꣬ɽţƾŹ˵ʳΪŵӣ˽ӽĻᣬȡɱʦһ·ħԴ˶Ϊ
Ӳǰһҩ˶һֱڤھŲ㣬˶˵޷֮˵еҩȴҲԶɳΪĶ
ϧʦδԵɺϣ˶С
лص϶ڴ˶ĬƬ̣ȱͬڤһ̶Ⱥ󣬵ǿ³ΪϧѾûڤĴ㣬̶Щôˡ
ȱ޷ʹãΪģѾۣΪ˿ԼǿôȻûӤʱ򣬴˶ҲԽӤûʲôЧյأǿ̶ļʶȻһ߶ȡ
ˮ̧ͷͷĺɫʯţĿһ˵ſ³һ⣬ɽһȦƮǰɢɭɭâ
ֿŷɽ¶֮ɫһҧ˵͵һģɽһһ佣ϣһѪɫϸߡ
ЩϸߣֵԹʱѪ֮ɵľѪȻɽһ𣬵Ѫ֮ȴǼΪԵӲǿӡ˽֮ϡ
⽣鱾֮ʶڶ̻꣬ݱ䣬Ӷһ˿ʶı
ֱս֮Ϊ¼ߣ˷ɽ˽תơ
˵ѷɽΪ¹պս֮ˣվ쳤ɱԽԽ࣬ȻΪһ
Ŀ¶֮ɫָ˳ŽϵѪ˿ƶֻӶϵѪ˿ԽԽ죬ɽ֮ȻѪ˿ָѣƬˤڵء
УֻһѪ˿ƮУһõĽӰ֡
һĴӦ¯ɳһ̶ָʱ̶뷴Ӧ¯ڣǽ˲䣬ɫ̰ѷӦ¯ڷ֮
Ŀкâһ˫͸ӡڷӦ¯ϣ¯һתģתԽԽ죬ϵγһɫС
ִһ٣ϾɽƬץУһƬŷתķӦ¯ú͵һ˦һƬһһţ׼ȷĽ뵽תӦ¯ڡ
ڽһ˲䣬Ƭ̻Һ壬¯ڡ
Ŀת˦һʱڣеƬȫ˽ȥʱһ˫ִ˷Ӧ¯ϡ
һ˲䣬Ӧ¯תٶȣֿһֻܿһת֮ϸòϵУէһ·ֹϸ۲죬֣ᷢǲת̫죬֮
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ڴ˲䣬һɫڵһðܷӦ¯ٶɣڵ¶ȣȴȻǿһ̶ɫѾ׵ı˺ɫ
Ȼûڻļ
ղ֮һսϣѪʯ߻ɲ¡
⼦ѪʯԵ࣬򲻵¶ȣ̽£ٴӳ󣬱
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鶦ֺ̰гɢȻֹĴɢ״̬ͬɢѸٻȫصӦ¯ڡ
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Ŀ̧иһɫ棬һ֣¶½ԻȪϾɺ󣬽ĻȪ档
ѾڽںϣνϢʹù࣬ȴǻһ˺
ʱգֻΪɱﵣһײá
ʱۿӦ¯ܲסڼֶ˵ǰһ̷ͣɳѸӦ¯
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һ˲䣬Ӧ¯ϵѺȻ࣬ûɢ̱渲ǣס
ôϢ֮䣬Ȼһˮðһԣǲٿصĺã԰Ӧ¯̣ǳֲôǷӦ¯Ӿѡ
ʱӦ·ڱļӹ£ѵԻͣǲƱĵ£¯̶ڻȻӰ죬ԣִʱСĽȫѱĵ£ڼ¯壬ֲӰ̶ڻƽϡ
ģ̶ڻڼֲκδ⣬Ҳ֪˶ã̶ȫڻΪһ͸ɫҺ壬˷Ӧ¯ڡ
ֺ˿һ⣬ӡڷӦ¯ϣʱ¯һֹͣתִһץ¯ڵɫҺƮ
̯ҺУԼиõС֣֪ⶨⶾĶ飬˵ָһ٣ڰյĽ̷ɳںɫҺС
һ˲䣬һͬУĿأͬ壬δ²໥ɵǶԳ󣬶̻ɫ뵽ɽ֮С
Ѹٵںһˣ˿˫㼸£ʱ̯Һֵ̣Ըһ糤īɫС
ڽ࣬С̣âڽ֣Ϊˡ
ʱɽΣͨīɫڸĶأǱһ£㲻˽ɱҲȻж
ʱɽԪӤڣǱ͵ϮУҲһϾ̺ĶأӵĶ
ֻ֮Ҳ븹Խˣ¾ʹʱҲҪΪע⣬ĻһУҲȻһ
ⶾĶûҩӣûܽ⡣
ֳ־ǷɽϵЩ̣ɱУֻһЩ̱Ͽ˷ʤ


һʮ ɽ
һ٣ɽзСĲٿأ봢ڣ˿ɲ뱻ԼƵķɽƸƤȻж
պ÷ɽվӣǰĺɫʯţ˵ǰȥ쫷ȺʵĺХ
Сǰȥⲻ·ƼϺǰһ䣬ºɫʯŵĳ̣Сֻаҡ
ŵһߣҲһ޴С
ĿĬȻ֣һֻС̷УǰһӣСѸٳĿָʯžͷС
ɵС޸ոշɳʮԶһֱ۴ֵɫ磬Ȼ׼ȷСϣ̼䣬С޻Ϊҽ
ɫ糣˵нƣôֻȫ٣Ϣ֮¾ܷԾһֻһһǰߣͻȻ١ⲻɵ·̣ǰȥ
ÿһֶȫע߳ʮɺ󣬺ȻܻɵһŨȻ䣬쫷Ⱥʧˡ
ͬڶħͷڣȫʧˣ֮ʶϵҲ·һεȫȻ
ʶģ־Ҫͷȥͷ˲䣬ӲֹסɫĬ¶һ˿Цǰߡ
һߣʮɡ
ͻȻһ춯ص棬סӣΪ죬ͨڵĻ޺ɫ
һȵϢֱ˫ۣûʶ鿴˵ؼȻ·ôмľһ̤ϣͲܻ
ҲͰˣַ֮£˵ؾô򵥣пܲǲܻȥͷҲܻأпܣʶҲܻ֮һжҪⲻȥУڼһͻ֮ǰСһš
Ȼ޷ͷҲʶ鿴ֿ󵽣˽ĸֻ֮ܵһܣǺɫſɭɭ޿ڣԼ
侪ȴңɫͲ֣һĳֻ
ʱҲȻһţͫ͵һǺ⣬һоӡһ˿亹ͷ£бۿԼҼϣһ˿ճɢŹֵζ
нƽĽŲȻݣƽǰߣܣɫоԽԽƵϢ½ǻ죬һѪɱ⣬Ȼ
ֿԼ¶һ˿Ц˵ղŻЩ̫ȷǿҼϵҺ󣬸ǲȷǷǻþڣԼĵѾûа㻳ɣȫ϶ǻ
ԭ֮ǿûޣǾֻ֮贵ȻԽӷɳԶڿȴֻԼӶˡ
־ᶨԥǰȥƾк춯Ӷûκͣ٣ʱɫҵһɶֵ⣬ĿһĻ۶գһ£ٶƽûκβȥ
һµ˲䣬ӻһŻɫɢһգУֵӰ߳
һ·ߵʮ⣬ۿʮɣͿ߹ţʱȻһ΢Ŀԡ
ԣСֶУȴͬȻصУĽŲͣˮ۽¡
ǿڼ־֪һжǻþٵģȻҪͷһ۵ĳ嶯
תõ
Ϥ촫սȭͷ˫ۣʱ¶һ˿Ȼǰȥ
뿴ԼޣôôģͷҲء
ٴα˫ۣŲȻᶨǰȥû˿ԥȻߵŵľͷʮɣʱ޿̲ڶ߻ص
̤뾡ͷ˲䣬ʧˣ쫷ȺĺХٴδУڶħͷĸӦҲٴӡ
ʼûתǰĬú̾һóĽ򣬿֮󣬰쫷ȺסһС
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߳ʱչǰģһƵɽ壬ɽƣͿͷվ£ֵӰԵôС
ɽ˲䣬һܿ죬̷ղŵĲ·ȻǵڶأĻ֮ǰŵۡľ˵Ľ̸ҪֵȹĻԵĲͬ
ʵڿκҪʶȹļֿǰʵɽ壬Ȼ²⣬ǵڶء
ʶһɨ˫ͫһգ˫Ŀɽ£һƻĽƣ˿˿⣬˸ֹ
ֳɽȥûã֮ǰĽ֮˵Ȼƻ¶һͨһ˵ĵ·
ڵ·ԣâ˸ϸ̧ͷɽʱĿȻüΪȷɽ֮ϣȻ֮ǰ
ڶأûκȻɽ֮ͨؼ·ֻһǾ塣
ǶԷ˵ɽȿ߶ȵɽ壬Ƿǳѵ飬ɶʿ˵ȴǸûκѶȡ
ľжϣɽȻҲƷеĽƣֻͽϣ̤С
Ĭֿ쫷ȭһӣʮ쫷̿ʼںһӴ쫷磬һԾ쫷ȥ쫷Ե˲䣬쫷ѿһͨ·ӭһ㣬롣
վ쫷ڣһ쫷ǰƶ
Ǹո߹ǽ֮ʶĲǽƾȻĻָָܿ糣
ĵһƿԶָô޷ڴ˹ʹõһصķñΪ俪
뵽쫷С޵ʶȻһֵʶΪԵڶħͷΪתܺɨȥ
СĵĿӴʶ¶̽ģɫԽԽ˵ؿ˵ǽƲλã˽ơ
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ʶ̽Уһڿٻָתۼ䣬ָ糣
ջʶ쫷߳óһһ٣쫷Ȼͬڶħͷȫڡⴢֵһϣ˴ܴŷڻȴжЧɱڣ硣
ֵõ֮ǰСʵȷдЧרŴС֮á
쫷ڵС޽ںְѴ˩ϣСĵǰߣʶȫɢеĹ۲ܡ
ڸղС۵ʶɨ䣬ڽ֮䣬һЩλôϸС̫ͨͨС쫷͹ȥܽһ
ŷ쫷ɽĴ㡣


һʮ ѧϰ
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ֵԸײԸȥģ䲻
ֵķȻǧǰտԷأ˵ܿڴ˵أзصĴ󣬷ĻˣΣҲڴﴳء
ϧǣµڣûжԴ˵صĽܣǵõĴƷС
Ŀ˸ţõ⴫ƷȻҵȥ·
ϸ鿴һǰȥûãȻͣ½ŲԶһƬɽʯ¶ֿ˳һȥ
һƬ谵·ѹͷĴʯĵ׷ƣִһƵķ϶Ķȹ˿
·߳˲ʮɵľ룬ͺķʱÿһҪȷ󣬲Ÿ̤¡
ٿϷӴɽһۿ߼ʣǰٶȣֲ֪ԼҪ꣬Ż̤ɽ
̾һ˵˵صһصĶȹˣôڶأҪȫԼֳĬɫЩڽᵤڵΪʵ̫ΣˣһˣΣյĳ̶ɡ
ҪȥֻӲͷƤǰߣֳĿûмǰ˺󼸲ոնȹƴСĵĴڷأһ·ɽ塣
ɽײҲǸոճֽƵĵطͣϸ鿴⴦ơ
һƬռԼмʮɵҲݴԣɽ£ĲݴԼ࣬ԽϲݴԾԽ١էһ˵غۣϸȥ֣ᷢӲݣʵȴ̺ĳĹ
ĿתѲݴÿһ֧Ӳ϶Ҫãÿο꣬Ҫóһڰѿĵü¼
ʱ䣬ְѴ˵ÿһӲݣÿһÿһƣȫ¼һҵһ⿪Ƶķ
֪ԼӲôûκϣ̤϶壬һɵ顣
Ҵ˷ԽϣƵҲȻԽ󣬿ɹͨе·ߣҲͱü٣пܳи·ɹһʱûǰ׼Ȼ·һ
ȹ˽٣ҪɽĽƣ˽еԽôļʾԽ󣬳֮⣬ûκη
ֲŴ£ڵһԣϸо
󷨲ͬضֶΣضķʽһСȵķ漰Ķޱȣñ֮ȥоҲֻǳžѡ
ƣʵҲ󷨵һ֣ⲻַ߱ԣʩչ˵뷨仯ǧ˵ƣ
Щͨһ½ƣǧֻ꣬Ҫ𣬽Ȼǻת
еĽƣʩڵҲγµʶάֽת
˵ֱ仯ʩߣȫ͸ƳƵķ򵥵ģǿƽ⣬ַҪǿΪǳӵС
ڶǾоˣѴ˽ƵԭԼ˽⵽һ̶ȣȻƽ⡣
ʹõģڶַ
һƿӡں󣬱㿪ʼо֮ǰΪ̻ʱڻоΪ͸ʱоƣҲһͷˮ
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ʱʱңڼǰǲμУէһֺûй򣬵ϸԷÿλζ඼˵ػһһ
ڼϢ֮ڣֵֻζƵȻһޣ·ͻȻ֮һ㣬һӰʼ֣һӰոճ֣һӰͺܿʧ
ʮϢרעͷºˮȻջأʱݴһֶ׷ֶ
ֵջصһ̣ٴλζĻζǺԽԽ󳹵ʧ
ջʱѾʧȥ˴ֵ֪ĿӲݴʱȻָκζߡ
˴ƵãǿɱУһڣͻᱻɱһΪʿɱУҪĻôͻ֣ݡ
о˼֮󣬶Դ˽Ѿ֪ղֻһʵˣͬʵ飬⼸ڣѾ˲ʮΡ
ӿʼĵһֻܼϢ㲻òջأЩź󣬵ڿԼʮϢҺ׷ɱ仯⣬ţٸһʱ䣬Լָʱ䡣
Ҳ˵ȫ̤˽У˵ƽ⣬ȴڽڰȫʮϢʮϢ뿪Ǻ⣬Ҳֹˡ
¶֮ɫ˵˴ֻǴɽ򵥵һţԼҶ˵·һֱȥôȹڶأǲܡ
˵տʼʱоƵĿģΪ˿Զȹ˹صĻôڣֶһĿģԽоƵԽȤ֮ǰִû˽ƣôӵһɶôǿ
˵ҲݴеĽƣ˵ܰȫȹȴ޷ԼãҪԭ򣬾ûȫо͸һо꣬ΪôͬĽƣȻڻ¡
˵ûƴ󣬵ԣȴһ㲻
һ˿˷ܣڶԽƵо֮СʱȥһֱһºȻһνҲݴС
˲䣬˵ӲȻһΣһ˿˿ɫ˷ͻȻӿֶӲݣɲǼҵĻζһѰѷȫҫʧںС
ͬʱХ֮˷һѰͬĻһ㣬йĿȫָ֡
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ֲŲæһΣ⿴ƻĶʵȴǲ֪ΪΣЩɽ֮ǰһĻȻΪ֮ݣǰѴ˵ؽ˼ޣſյĽ֮
ֲʲôֻ֪֮Լ֣Ȼ죬ţȻҲͿˡ
һΣڰջһȦ򵥵һо֮󣬲ΪãȻǼ򵥵ĻȦڻӶУֵ֣ȴǱ仯˼ǧһǳɣû˿ͣ١
ȦһɣЩйһٶȻ»һӲҶַ
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߶ЩӲҶ׷ɢ˿ֹĽŲһ·߹ڿҪ߳ʱܺȻֶ⣬Щһ֣Ŀһ̧죬ݺݵһץ
ʱеĺ⣬·һֻεĴץסһ㣬һץ֮£֧飬˵ܿٴһ𣬵ȴ˽£һ֮·һֱչ֮⡣
ɫ糣ϣ߳ơ
ֱ߳쳤ХķЩʱգڰѴ˴ƣȫ׵ڻͨʱڽƵȤѾŨ˼㣬תĿȻЦһڴ˽һٲ
ʱһ䣬ڵӲݷı䣬ϸԷ֣֮ǰҪӡ
˴Һ澭ҪСˣղƾԼƵ˽⣬ϼһ㡣
Ҳ˵̤ƣκηʽƽ⣬ӭײõĵڶƣʱֲ֮£ܻܿΪ֮Եɡ
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һкֳòݶǸǰ֮ܽķ϶ȫһҪɽ壬ͱҪ֮С
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ħĿڴһɨ󷽣¶Цһ·һؽǱ֮أ֮أȻΪϤ˵ûйŵ۵ı֣һǧ׼ˡ
ʱǿºڣ˵һر֮صĺ벿֣ԼԴ˶ȹݣ˵˻նȻʮ㡣
ʵҲȷˣǰõһʩչˮԽ֮ͬЧ
һƾΪԼԱ֮ص˽⣬ûʲôۣһ·ɴ˶ȹ
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һⲻ·˵ͬϷͿɶȹΪ˰ȫͲķκʱ䡣
˵󱣻һˣгЩɡ
ģڶأڶнɽ˼壬˵ɽ壬ȫǽƣԽϣƾԽӣҲԽࡣ
˵һʱǽڵǿߣǿ߹ȴأо󲿷֣ǱЩǿ߱̽ǰɱġ
ħǸʦͬҲһ
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ԴˣħͲ⡣
ģǾɽɺ󣬸ζȹǰɵľ룬˵һǧ׼ܲУĵҲֻɰա
һǧķ˴רо֮ƾ˵ļ䣬ѵڶصĽƴ󲿷һһסǧ꣬ţһ·ϣûһƿֹĽŲȫƽ⣬ֻÿƽһָ糣
ϼһЩƣĿģ˵һ
ɽĽƣԽϣ临ӳ̶ȾԽأħٶҲɵҪоþã̤һ
ǰƬǵõûУȴо
˵֣߳ʮɺӲݽˣ¶кɫɽʯϸãٴó򣬼¼
ɽʯĽӲȫͬӲǰղҶ뷽λڼһЩĹ˽ơ
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һȦܣȫ֮ƵĽƣǰ֮ǰ·ͨ϶ҲֻͨڵȤڴͨڰо͸
֪ͨ򵥣տ̤ɽôͱҪڽϣ´Ĺ
뷨ϸо
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ʳһоƣÿʱỵ̈ڼ֮УͷǰȻӷʼס
ʶȴҲⲻϵоУõǿΪҲ֪ﵽ˽ᵤڡ뼫յԪӤڣֽһ
Ŀ⣬˵ʣ֮ǰ˽Ȼͬı仯˵ǰ֣һڵһֺ֮УôڣЩ֮⣬ֶһɲĸо
ָоԴ˫ۣںưżǳʱľٴο֣Ȼ޷Լ۾ڽϴﵽһ󣬲Żӵеʶ֮ۡ
ֵ˫۾ͳģڣĽȻÿƶҪķѴʱϸоĥΣЩڡ
һЩƣǱ˶ӽȥҿһ̱֮ϳɽеĲͬо֮£ȻףϷ֮ˣȻҲǽϵмҡ
ƣ裬Ȼ߳١
ȴû˿֮ɫڶصĽ֮ɽڶڶȹ˵صȤѾ˺ܶ࣬˵طһѭѭѧϰ֮֮ء
ĵطνƴӼ뷱ѣʵǲɶõıأ


һٰʮ ùĹŵ
ֶɽ֮УÿһƣȻϸĶӼ㣬һ˵֮ǰ߹Ľƣǵɽ𺣣Σô߹֮󣬴˵ؿνɵأľԱΣճ̶ȣһԾֹ
˵ùһͷײϣƾǿΪҲҪһƤ
ʱ䣬ָı˺ܶ࣬ڽƷ棬ǴҰ۽磬ڷƽĽƣʹ֮£֮κηЧ
־ϲ֮࣬ڽƵȤ󣬱ϾҪȹɽ壬ΨһֶΡ
ڽƵоʱļ¼Ѿչݣݣеһַʽݣһѽƴʼ㿪ʼƶһڤ˼룬һ˵ٶȴʤڽ̤ʵأȴ
ΪѵǣĽƿʼоôһνѭѭûκμ֮ģȴҲ̬֮
ȸ磬ʹýƵʿνڶ࣬˵оģ֮٣Ŀǰڽϵ裬һЩϼһ⣬ͬУ˵ܱȡ
ԼԴҲǲ⣬ƺʣƣȴǱôͬոսӴʱʹҲñϰҪ˳һЩ
ʱ˿̣Ŀ⾼ϥڰɽ͹һʯϣǰԶһƬһֱƯ
ǰֱڴ˵أ˼ѣʱóϿӡʱڵϼ򵥵Ļһ
ֻƬпΪ续㾦һ㣬ԭ˵صĽƣƶϲһɽ֮أȥֻС
ǰֻҪóСޣʵһӶƣڣڽϵ裬һ˫ʶֻۣ֮ҪŰտ˵򣬵ȴȷϵĽƣһãǽֹС
ôһƾͱЩˣֿûôڵĽƣ˵ƽ⣬оʱ䳤һЩҲǺͷֵλãǡþǽƵĵ㡣
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ˣȴûκĲƬ˫ͣȻһ̧ǰһӰѸٽ
ֻϣӰ֧էһƺȻ˳ǧֻһ㣬ЩӰζѣѸǰչ
ЩӰֵĻӶӳһԲȦһ٣ǰһģʱӰ֮ȦѸֶ֮ϡ
Ӱ֮Ȧɢһ㲨ƣ͸ȥϥأһۣĿָ黯ģüͷ
Ӱ֮ȦͨоƣдƽⷽʽĲϸĽȻõĵز
ҪȥͨӰ֮ȦڵʶƣɲڵĽṹ򡣳˫ۣٴǰӶһΣ࣬ĿأһӶһʱ䣬ֻһȦȦӰѸǰ֡
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Ӱ֮Ȧ򵥣ʵϣÿγһҪڼϢ֮ڣζΣ˲ſγɴȦ
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ʱʮӰ֮Ȧ͸ɢһգֻĲ¶ս֮ڣѸڲһ
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֮ϣһ䣬һӿӣھ󽥽¶
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һ򣬶֮ڣֻ¶һضţ֮أԼʮɵľ롣
Ǵ˽ƵòָҪǰУȻĿһ¿ۣĿǶһԶʯСϡ
ƽƵһ۱㿴С⡣ɽĽƣΪֲֹûֽ۵һֽ֣ƲǺַܶ࣬һɽеĽƽȻͬ
Уһ˶ӡҲûٸɣڿȥСǱƽ˴˽ƺӽȥġ
ЦһСƵַϳ֮ǰεΪͬһʩչ
ǰ㿪ʼ½µĽƣһһƽ֮󣬶֮˺˽⡣
ɽĽƣǲȥͲ˵ĽֻͬҪǽ䷶Χ֮ڣƱԶǹ޹ϧԱӶܴΧĽƿ֮С
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ȻкһһĴɫѸٷɳͬʱ̵Ŀֱ֡
һ˲䣬綾ɽ˸ɲţϺâһһΪˤڵʱŤһ˵ĺɫ򼡣
Ť£̻һźӿ䣬һɢֻŵĸоȻָоĿ죬ȥҲ죬һ˲䣬ʧһա
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ħֳ֪ΪʲôԼˣͨʱħΪߣʩչһϵмĹ
£ּģǵħǰĿԼϣ֮Ŀ⽻Ÿı⣬˿
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ʱ˿̣ھɽɵһɽʯϣħȻͷɽˮǸ˴ʱվһԣѾãȻ͸Ĵ֮ɫ
˭ʱƽϷĽƣʱǰϷõɱƽ⡭ѵǶľ񣬶ǹŵˣƥ˵ǧҲо֮˽ҽصĴУħĿ˸
Ŀ¶һ˿ȣңɽһ޴С֮ͨء
ħʱһ·˳ԽϣƵĸҲԽимΪ˵Ľƴڣħͱһס꣬Ž
ջĿ⣬ӿǰȥ
ͬʱڴ˽֮ɽɽУ߳һˣ÷ͷ߹ڣһɷ֮ݣ֮ɫƽȴᶨ̤˳
ǹŵۣ
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һ㣬ԵĲͬ
ŵһδأν׼㣬ڻڣˣҲȻǿĵֵȥһһ˳
˵ʱõľã䱾ȴд󲿷ֱ֮أҪá
·ϣûкķʱ䣬һ·߹лþ֣ӣҲͲᡣ
ڶ֮󣬹ŵ۳ĺ˿Ŀɽ֮ϣ¶һ˿Цһǧʱ̶׼Ϊһ졣
أôͱҪѧ֮һ㣬ϴ˵غ󣬱̵ᵽǵƾٶȣһͨϢ֮ڣɱǰˣͳΪһѻ
ħľӲһǧǰΪȻﵽ˻ڣǵʱļǿ֮һǵ괳صҪԱ֮һ
ħˣУֻˣӳʱˣ޷ɱˣħ
һǧħĳˣͬʱʼо֮ٴδʱЧǧ꣬ΪȻָȴ粽δԴϸɶΪƹأӰ˸ĳЩΪŵرΪֹǰ
һٴδأȤͽȻӵޣֻҵЩŵرãĹش뵽ڣҵõһӤ䵤һԾΪӤǿߣôһеĸõԶĻر
ΪˣȻȫĵͶڽƵо֮УǸͷ棬뼸רԽɣϵͳѧϰ
ǧĽգڽϵоѾ߱൱ģ׼˼˵ĶЦݸʢ
˵һԾɽµһڡ
һƣǿƽģʱ΢˼ۣһ̤˽ȥȵͼƣͲúķȥƽ⣬õķǿͻơ
Ͼ꣬Ҳô߹ġ
ǵãڽЩӲݻһֻֻʵȻϣ˲䣬Ӳȫ𣬳ͻȻֵĺУٴηɻʱȻɽꡣ
ŵɫ糣ѸǰȥǴϵ׷ڴе˲䣬һ˲䱬ѡ
ûֹŵ۰벽˴ƱԵǵûֺâ֮⡣
Ȼˣ뷨ոܺŨȻ֣ŵһȭһ´һϣʱɢʧһա
֮ļȭһһںϣֻҪ˲Ϣʱ䣬еĺ⣬ȫ飬ɢһգ˴ƣɵƽ
ŵǰȥĿѾ˼ʮĵڶϣһʱͻȻɫһ䣬ŲƵ˲䣬ɢ֮ǰĺԲͬģХ֮
ţһɫ֮ͬĺ⣬˲Ȼǵٶ̫죬ںХոճ֣ЩȻ
ŵɫһſһһ̻һ֮ǽǰЩ󲿷˱ǽ֮ϡ
˺󼸲ȭݺݵĸջ֮ϡʱǽѣ¼俪
ͬʱЩһһԶ׷ı飬һ˲䣬ڻȻŵ۵ķһֽӡͬʱ
ںȻһǿҵĹ𵴣ױ
ɢУŵɫ˳¿ɫ͸һɱСƶ㲼õģ
¶âղͻȻֵĽƣЩֲΪʵǿˣ˵ǣҲȻæңǱ
֮ô϶ƵʩħΪڹŵۿľӣͲʺоƣȻҲųǸԽСӡ
ֱϣŵȴǰѵһɶ󣬷ħͷϡ֣Ժ
ڵĽ裬ºһ룬ƵĶ񶾣ɵĵװͬʱ˴֮ģԾټ򵥵ĽƣҲȻҪϸ͸ǰС
ֻɽȥȻŲһ٣ͷɽһۣЦڸղŵһ̣ԼõĵһƣѾƻ
ûκλңһ·֮ϣʱ֮ѾƣܽкߣܶȹҲȻѾĻвƣ㲻ҲѲƤ
ã˵ΧĽһǻڣҲ·һ
ǿĽƣ·ϣȻ࣬ҲôĴЩ֮Ծ߱ôΪϣдɽеĽƣǱħ˲٣ľĶȹ󣬸һҧһ㣬ΪǲݶǸɴܣһһһôȴԷģһƽ١
ЦͲ֮ˣǰȥ
ԽϣǰеٶȾԽҪķѴÿһƵı仯ŽƵз֧ϸڣҪо͸Ÿҽƽ⡣
ԴĽַֻܻγʮӰ֮Ȧٶһ壬ʶЩ治ϡ
ַˣҲֻӰ֮Ȧˣ֮ԿԴﵽʮΪ伫ʶá
伫һЧڣӵһļޣ֧£ֲһδηԾӶﵽԻʮӰ֮Ȧĳ̶ȡ
¼ƵѾһٿ飬Щֽ֮һɳļ֤ҲĲƸ
ֵǼΪᶨģʱΪƽһƣҪºܴĹ򣬲ҹоҵһͻƵ㡣
ʱȥתۼ䣬꣬ʱֵͷȻȫ˰ɫ˫۸·Զһ㡣
ʵԼҲûһһɽϴʮ꣬ʮ꣬˵νһζÿնожȹ
ʱλãɽֻвɣֻɽһİɫϸò
ʱ䣬ֵҺѾʣֻ࣬Сȡķκһ˿ȷҺ㹻ʹá
Ͼоƣһķ飬ķ£Ҳ֮һͬġ
ʱͷһϥһʯϣܣڶƣЩƣֲ£Ӱá
ԽϣоԽΣУһ·֪ǰǷͨڶأûͨô˶ȻǰλõĽƣóһƼǿǻڣҲͬһ
һʶɢֻԼ
֮ˣĸоԷḶ̌һʼÿ춼оƱƽһڣҪ£Էƽ⣬ΪɽнƵҪһ㣬ֵĳɳõĽƣʮǿȣν֮
ֻĺĿ֪ԸܵƽԼһǰ֮ˣȻҲܲԼĵǰ˵ʲôΣյȴ
ЦֻӶܲ˼ƣ˵ڴ˵Ѿнӽһʱ䣬һÿ춼Ҫ۲Ϸ·ͬʱҪܲýơ
ֲżŲһͷײԷ֮УҼȻѾߵһ͸а
ڵȣڵ׷ȹ
֮˵ΪȻҲǻڣֲŻͣһ꣬ýƣЩƵòǹϢ
һ׼ţˣֻҪƶӣЩ֮ڣԷҲѷĴڡ
ºһգһڰ֮Ľƣƽˣ
¶Ц˫Ŀź󷽰⣬Ĭ
ŵ۵ŭǰûɢûɢԽԽңÿһƣҪۣҪƽɽеĽƣҪʱСǱ˶ӽġ
Ϊջģոһƽ⣬ȴͻȻ֪ΪΣһϵнƵĿΪǿǧǰй飬ǶζҪЩ
һ·ʱ޿̶ﰵҲ̲סʱƿڴӽ֮ˣʵ˼㡣
ʱȥûʲôϸȴᷢнֹڣɾƽ˺ֻ֣ᷢղƽĽƣʵϾǿһƵĿء
ǲȥƽ⣬ôϣҲᷢʲôΣգƽˡðɣȴģһѭᣬƽһֳһѭϣһһ֪ǰΣգҲҪӲͷƤһ·ȥ
ǰ;ѣǷɽĻֻܼƽ⡣
ÿʱĺ⣬ֹסӿ޲öԷ̳ǰ˺ѡ
еʱ˵سֺǿ鿴ãʼ޷Ǻֽƣķ˴ΣƴŴԷ̽ʱȴȻ֣˵ʲôƣǶԷһЩİˡ
ЩͼΪŭŭյģЩطէһûʲô쳣ϸɷ¶ޣȫעĻͲֵܷĵ
ǵķ˴ջ޷͸ʱͻȻ֣طԭҲǼٵġ
һ·֮ʵʵټ٣ùŵǱǲܰɣ滹ЩʵڵĽƣһСĴȴֽһͬǿ
ԭڵһأϧķʱ䣬ʡԼáڶ෨ʱ䣬ó˴롣Щȫ˴ƺӦϡ
ʹָоѾʱ޿̶ĵ£ֹһεĺڣԼڵһ˷˴ʱ䣬һЩһЩڶأ˵ǰ棬ȻĿɬ
ǰֲͬĽƺĵȻѲýߵݣųħ룬ħֻһ
ȻȷԼ棬Ʒĸ֣ԭɵģħڣȴ⻷͸ˡ
˵Ľַһ·ƽÿƽһĵױɵһ֣˵տʼĵһƣֻܿ˽й죬ȴ鶯㣬ܶϸڲδ㵽Ļô˺һ·˵Ľ֮νͻͽ鶯ʮ㣬ȴϸǷ˼ϡ
֮ǰƽƣԹŵ˵ǺѣЩ򵥣֮ԽѶȾԽ˷ѵʱҲ࣬ķѵ֮
ڹŵеķȻҲԽԽأڽϣŵȻ䵱ԼĶ֣ȻЩƣɬȲǧе̣ϣŵ̾硣
Ϊ֮𾪵ģĿӦǸոѧϰ֮һ㣬Ȼȴʼ޷š
Ҫģ˲õĽƣӿʼ£Ȼγصϵϵֻ֣Ǿǿ졢
䷢ٶȿ죬˺ѼʱӦʽʽ˼֮ʣ޷²⡣
ĵףѾѴ˷һܸߵĲϣڣȴǸ˼֡ʱոƽһΪ鷳Ľƣ˳
ĿɽԼ߰ٶɾ룬ƽʱֻһ˲ƣڣ˵˲ˣͨķУҲʩչ
ļǵãǧǰһʿԼأɽһʩչ˲֮ӸոʧͻȻ֮սһɫ磬Ȼ£ĳİ˲Ƶķдϣ¶Ӱ
Ϊ̵ķͬеߣɫ磬һӻ飬ͬõѾԪӤȫɸɾ
һĻõʱˣȫΪ֮𺳣ϵĽȣǵɽĽƣȽϺƽһЩҲǸ޷Ƚϣһ̹ԹԵĲжϡ
ɵľ룬ŵ˽һ£ģӰ֮أԽԽһµʱ䣬ֵһ˽Ĺ۲һڸƽƣж
һգŵվھʮ֮⣬ȻĿһ֮أĿ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ


һٰʮһ ƴ󱬷
һϸ̲סﶨһƣ˼㣡
һӣʱӳ֧ɫС죬Сתܡ
Ŀ˫֮£С̱޷Զâ֮طȥ
Щâڴ˵Ȼһȫһ㣬ֱָĳɽʯڡ
ڶ֮ڣɫ糣ƽû˿֮ɫʮڽϵ裬һģ˵æµĽƻԷҪ֪˵ؽƣһʱɡ
ԴˣֻаյģԴʱۿԷصķʽֳ̽ЦӲһ¡
ǶԷ֮㣬ֹ¶һǴ˿ôַЩֽš
֧Сʩųİâ໥һٶͽգۼ䣬ڶеһϡ
һƽɽʯʱڰ׹ʴ£䵭ճʧ¶һͨߵС
ŵĿСĬûȥһ£ջǵâٴϸ۲
ԹŵڴɽƽƵľ⴦ƣھ˼ΪɱУһСģܴܿһЩ͵Ľơ
Ҵ˵ѾɽܽɽеĽƣЩƣӦǧϵͳѧϰ֮ؾ֮£ȻӼѡ
ԹŵۺСģϥأ˫ֿưâΧʳһƽơ
Цɣʵ͹ŵ۶˾룬ʮɣŵȴʶɨҲԽ֮УϾԼûκ֪ײ˶ٽơ
ֵĽӣ˵ؽƣȻǲˡǰʮѧһнƶ
һº󣬹ŵվǰͿٳСϣΪѿΪ˵ؽƶȻǳӣ֮˲ãһµʱϸоȻķ֣ĽƣǼǿҵķĵ׼Ϊƣ飬һ·Σ˼̧ͷɽ֮ϣԾȥ֮ܿˣȻҪúûһᣡԴ˵ĺ⣬Ѿ˿̹ĵĵز
ŵۻǽ쳣ʼһóľʵ任ģȴǼٵģʵϣʱȴ𾪵ķ֣ﲻǼ٣棡
һŵ۵񣬼ңǰȥ
˳С·ǰȥ߳ɣȻɽʯȻ䶯һʯ̣ٶȣ˲֡
ŵۿЩʯ̣û˿ǰһΣʱһɫȦ֣ܳЩʯ棬̹ıâϮͨɫ
ʱȥⲻһСڣɫʯ̣һ𣬳֮ɫ
ţһɹַ紵еʯ̣׷״Ӹѣˤڵϣڵ˺һʯм
ŵ̧ŲǰȥһֱߵСͷۿҪ߳˽ƣڣĿϣһӰ֮ȦֻӰ֮ȦӳͿɳ׿ܽڵĹ
˵ɱԷԲ󣬵ùŵˣġ
һɢ˲Ӱ֮ȦŹŵ۴Ľ֮߳ûж֣Ϊƽ⣬ǹŵˣԼˣѰٸطˣ򲻵ѣڼǰСȻҪЧ
ֻǳˣһ˦вӰ֮Ȧ̻һΣȻɢȥֻĲӰѸڽһ֮Уһ˲䣬ֲõ޴ĽȺˡ
Թŵڽϵ裬С߳һľʱͻȻֲԾ˵ؽƿνǲ̺仯ƵǶͷƤ飬ɫһ䣬˵ѸپҪǰȥ
ͬʱƿ
һ߲֮⣬ɽȻ֣ŹŵԼٶȷȥ
ŵɫ΢䣬֪߲֮ûκιȴǽ֮⣬ֻҪһ£ͻ̱͵ͷŽضĵطȥ
ŵѸһӣ̸֧ǰʹĿһۣ˵³һʱ֧СѸתһڵͨȻ֮С
ʱǽ֮Ȼ٣ŵһԾ֮ͨڣʱȻʮ֮⡣
֮ٶͻȻһ͵ǰԾɣͷͷѾָĽơ
Ĭתǰȥ֧Сת
ֵ˫ۣһֱ֧С죬Ŀ˸֮չΪϼһһսթǷƽ˾ķȥ˵ʱȻֱʡ
һչöԷƾ輺ƽ⣬Ļ㲻ģϾ֮ɽϣƣƽѳɱȻ
ֻû뵽Էߵ֧С죬Ȼڽڴͨһͨ䰲ȫ뿪С죬Ȼǹŵ۴صɱﵡ
ֳţĿȴǿ˼⣬ɽľ޴С
ħʱվھɽһ֮λɫΪΪ˾ǸˣǰͿ˵ء
ĽƼҲ״֮ǰһƽʧܺ󣬽Ʊһ֮⣬ħͷʹģֶһ͵֮ڣôǼΣյ飬ۿ㲻֮滻Ž롣
ħ˿ĶԷϻ˼ѪԷ֮⴫ߺ̽׷ȥѾۣŰ˻
ʱվߣ˫Ŀգȫޣʵ֮⴫ͳȥ˲䣬Ѿɱ
ȴıжħĲʱħȻͷЦܸоԼĽƣٴαƽ⡣
һ·֮ƽԼƣѾΪ˴εĴУ촽İǹŵˣϧ˵ؽ̫࣬ȻǳĺûᡭϷ⼸ڣѾǿƣҵҪƽ⣡ߵˣ¶һ˿Ц
ջĿ⣬֮Уİɣڽϵо޷ƽ⣬ʦҲֹ
һΣħĴأû׼һۣ¶һ˿ȻЦ⣬İϷķѰʱ䣬ŪɱﵣȻҳɹڡ
ϥأһ٣ͬ£ħ˫ӡһУܾ
˵ŵۣ¶кһ·ĽƣӸӣΣճ̶ͽڵΪǶȻ
ˣҲķķ˳
һЩƣѾǵƽ⣬Ҫǿͨſɶȹŵ۵ɫԽ
ŵٴδһ߳ʱɽȻɣĿ⣬߳Ƶ˲䣬ȻһǰûߵãԣĿ˰⣬ħףһУڣ֪ͨδϥһˣһֱħˡ
ħŹŵۣû뵽ԷȻôˣֻҪһʱ䣬ͨͿɣʱ˵ֻϢĿʱ䣬˵Ѿ㹻
ɴʱʱ̣ԷԤϣǰļƻɵҪıһЩ
е˲䣬ŵͫһΪϤǧǰʦħɢ£ͨɾĽ֮
ŵ˫Ŀƽǿѹĵ׵ĳޣħҵǸˣĿһɨϣŵۺȻüͷİѵɴȫޡ
û뵽Ҳߵ˴˵أʵǿϲɺأħ΢ƽ˵
ŵƤЦⲻЦѹŭ˵ĳϹͷһ·϶λСֵµβչˣŽ˵ء
ħһһۣ˫ĿһЦִԺ⣿
ŵɫԷ֮Ľƣû˵
ħĵЦȴκα仯Ц֣˵ؾˣΪ൱ڶ࣬һȻΧĽƴ֮ǰ֮£ǸҲ⣬Ͼҵħ֮ˣȻһЩ
ŵ۳Ĭ˵Ȱƽ⣬Ϸȥ
ħ۹ŵתֻС죬Ŀһ
ʱŵۿɨһۣЦнƿδȫ򿪣Ϸƴ˴ܽƣ֪᲻ͨõʧ
ħɫ糣ЦͷһӣǽһΪ˽ƱϾȻƽ⣬ʱ赭дȻٴƳ
ŵ۶˵ǰȥֻĿ⣬ȴһֱħߵһ·̺ȻŵһΣ֧ܵСתԼٶγͨŵһ֮ͨڡ
ڶԷһ˲䣬ħ˫һϣ̲£
ֻҲû뵽ŵ۵С죬Ȼƿ˲䣬ŵȻͨ߳˽ʮɵľ롣
ֵ˲䣬ûκԥ³һ⣬Ŀ겻ħеˡһΣŵ۲ϧ¶ԼķͨΪɱˣɼԴ˵ĺ⣬Ȼ졣
ħɫһ䣬˫ӡͺȵʱһɫϢѸתγһѷɽŵ³һ
һɢмƱѹԽڴŵĿ¶޺֮ɫһԣȫֹ俪
ħҲˣֲһڰܱĽƽʱɫ԰ףŹŵۣ˵ֱӴƾǣ
ŵҲһһָˣ˵ҹŵڴģ˽ңڽǰս
ħüͷһ壬İѵˣȴɫ΢˵һˣˣ
ŵ¶֮ɫЦˣˣϷҲҪ˺壬ºķѷҲҪٻǶϷ⼸ĺޣǵֿݣ
һһۣüͷ˵֣¶ᡭ
ŵЦ˵᣿Ϸ˷ڶأһ·֮ϹֶֽΣ֮⣬ֽƣǳԴ֣֮˭Ϸ˽һ·ƽʩߵΪжϣ䶨ȻᳬԪӤڣ˵˴ν˵֮ˣ֮⣬˭ΪûԪӤĪҪϷ˵ǽֵСӣҶžԳ֮ءûѵ㻹Ϊᵤڣܹɹһأͨ·ҵǰ棬ڶô
ŵһ˵⼸ĵ׵Ĳ²⣬⼸꣬ȻΣ˵˭գĿħߵϣֻϱ׼
ɫһ䣬̷ǹŵ˵ȷô˵ؾͲˣˣ
ˣȻֲٱʣҴ˾ȻûĳιŵĿģԶ
뵽ŵ޴˵Ѹȥŵһһӣһ⣬ֹĽŲ
ĵװޣʱ֮ʱĿ۹ŵ򣬺Ȼŵ۴һ
ŵɫһ䣬ȷ
ħû˵Ѹٻָ⣬һѪһӣѪʱɢħףħ׻Ʈŵǰ
ŵ۳ĬͬӳһѪ˫ײ£̻ţԷɻأץС
ħߵȼԣħ֮ģŵ۴ʱɫ˵ѵܣ
ħͬɫЦûпܣҶ˻뿪˵Ϊã
䣬Ȼɫ䣬˹ŵۣһԾ֮ͨԣץˣҪ̤롣
ˣһ˷ţɽ֮ڣӰ֮Ȧ֮еĽƣȫ֮Ȼ١
ľʯ֮Ӱ֮Ȧȴһʱ䣬ƽʱЩӰ֮ȦǴĽ֮ڣʱͳһʱ֮϶Ĵ󲿷ֽƣȫ
˵ÿһƣʵϾһӰ֮ȦһĲ֮£ŵħˣ˱֮С
Ʊˣϧû뵽ȴǱơڹŵۣʼյ󵼣ټϸĵװų⣬һᡣ
ʱ˿̷̣ӦĿ¶ĺ⣬Ũɢ
ɽ֮ڣƵĴΧʱһ֮⡢һִķлһѰѼǻʿҲҪͷʹһ˸Ϣʹߣȫ˷Ѹٳ֡
ΧĽƿ֮ϽƵĴʱһƬѹѹƣѹϹҫżеâһ
֮⣬һεĺڹ⣬ɴȻ֣Ѹƶȥһ·ڹʣɽеĽƣȫʧڡ
һĻĿɿڴû뵽ȫƺ󣬾Ȼ˹һĻǺڹ⣬֮ˡ
ɽĽƣʹǻڵһ顣
ԭֵķŵ۶֮˲ƣǷϳأ鷳ô߻нٸӰ֮Ȧ㹻ɽǧ֮ڵһнơ
ʱ뿪ȴ˵ؽٴƽ취ǡ
ڿЩ׼ѾȫûбҪħŵۣǷӣ;ԲѡˣϾǷĺڹ⣬ʵ̫ˡ
ֵļƻħ߹ŵܷͨ˵أûκιϵùŵеĿģΪǰ̫ûնȹ֮⣬һԭǾΪ˿ڵĽƣʲô̶ȣ÷պƽ⡣
ĿȻﵽֵĿ⣬ȴǻκڹڹûļ֮ڣʱɵϸ۲
ʲôħֻǺڹһۣͷƤ飬˵ץˣӸոһͨͨܵܽƲѸٱĿűͨĿ͵ػͷĿ磬Ŀλãﱻһϸò
֪ʱȣѸٴӴ׳ʯͷʯһ̻ĻסͬʱȻһ壬ɽ嶥˳ȥ
ڹŵۣҲΪɵĿǺڹһۺٴó֧С죬֮ǰ֧һ֧СȫѸתâ˸䣬ЩڵĹйͬʱ뷨ħһǰ
˼ͬʱ𲽣ɽȥ
ħٶȷɿ죬ʯͷĹĻΪ赲˴󲿷ֹȻһЩ͸룬һ·Ǳ֮£Ӳ˼ʮԶ
ŵҲˣֻİ֧С죬ÿһιɫͻѿ֡
ʱĺڹ⣬£յҲԽԽڵ˸һͷ­Сɫڳ֣˸âȻ١
һ쾪صľ죬촫ţɫħ˲£Ļ޷ƣһһѡ
ħ˫ͨ죬ͺһץˣһڴϣһ˲䣬Ȼ˫ۣûκɣ͵һſڣȻ¡
ţڴ֮Ƥ֮ɫħ¶ϲ֮ɫû뵽ⶫȻֿܵףǶ˵ٴǰȥ
˫Ŀͫһ˵ʬ壬ĵһȻħӣǶ׵ΪɵʬȻܹӲ٣
ĵ΢Ŀٴη˺ڹ֮ϣһҧӳʮӰ֮Ȧ˺ڹУϸ
ŵۿһۣİĵħȻûƭ˹ȻǶ
̰֮ɫһʱɽֻвʮɣ˫˼£ʱ֧Сתٶȸ죬һڵͨȻǰ
ǰһʱͨʧٴγʱȻɽ֮ϣЦһҪڶصĳڣʱħҲѾ
֮ڵĽƣô򵥣֮ԿԾΪΪǿ֮⣬֮ĪĹ
ͷǶδصɱﵡ
Ȳ˵˵ǹŵеİС죬ǿ弶ĳԽ֮ɷ
԰С죬ϳƣϱ仯ǧǹŵַ࣬һ·ҲǱ
ǱȽٶ֡ŵУʵϻǴٶ죬ⱾҲ˵⡣
ŵۿϧ˼Ū֣
ǧ֮ǰдôȻڶࡣ
ֻ˵ˣ֮ڵĽƣҲǶϷڶ˾Ҫе˲䣬еĹȫжϵƣɫ׵硣
Ǻڹ⣬ٶҲͽȻһѸ£
ִʱȻվӣĿԭƻǲ֮ڣʱʵǼΪѵãǷպȻĲġĿкһ˫㣬ʱʮӰ֮Ȧȫ𣬰ڣţͣĿǰְѲӰ֮Ȧɢ
ǿаԼĽŲֹס֪Լ±һ׵У𣬾ðգ
ħŵ۶ˣǻڵΪԼȻ˵ʱ󣬵˶˶Լ֮ǣĴɱԼȻһҪģǺڹǲɢҲûĿƹ롣
ֵ̬ƽĿңˣȻǰһҪٽ
ħڳе˲䣬ʮ׵罵٣ܻӶʬȻܵನѪΪõ½һ磬ʬһֱֻ۱׵ۣ׷ɳȥħȴѪҧһԾӳڣʧһա
Ƕϱֱۣ֮ĺڹ֮Уȴ˸âð̣Ѹٴд˺ڹ֮⣬ֻϵѪѾʧֻʣнɫߵĹͷͷҲ鲻Ȼڹ˵ҲǾ߱һ˺
ͬʱŵҲʮٵ׵֧Сʱһɢ֧ų׵磬Уֻһϵȴǽ׷ȥе˲䣬ϡ
ֶǷɳĶϱۣĿںâ˸һϴŻĴʱХڴһֻֻС̷˳һԼɵС쫷硣
һָ쫷̳ǰȥһ·Ͻڹ֮󣬼ûκεֵɽħʬİֹֻǣѸٻس
ֻûȷɻضԶ㱻һɫ׵ȻУ쫷̱ɢһգֻֻϹǣˤڵء
ŵ۶ɽȥһֱսУһжں̵ܶʱڷ޷󣬴ʱ˽֮УƽյƽɢȥֻǺڹ⣬ɽ֮Ѹɢ֮һнȫָֻϿԱ֮ǰҪϲ٣ûиǧָǺѾ֮߱ǰ
ֽǿֹǣ˹ȻܳܺڹĶϮһҧۿɢѸٳͬһ㣬ںڹٵ˲䣬һץʱֹץ˻
ӲͣѸٺˡ
ǻκڹһֱɢλúȻʧˣһͷ亹Ŀϸ۲ڵĽƣ̲еĲͬ
һֻصɽʯϥºóǿֹǣղֹϽɫߵ˲䣬뵽ڵһأͷֶһνɫָǣ
һ󣬴˹Ǿ׵ڹϮȻüΪʱһ֮£̳Ѻۣ䣬ֻ°˸СĽɫ˸â
ûаֿһ


һٰʮ Ϳ˾
ⶫƽǽƹǷǹǣָһʶȻ̽룬ոһ˽ɫһǿȻ֡
ͻȻֵֵ̱ʶƿֹ̽룬ֳһУɫӲ̱
ֻƾɫҲֻԽԽ⣬ʼȴûз顣һ̰ѼȫһγһСָ׸ǴСĽ𶹡
Ž𶹣ԽԽɫһͷָһһͬȲʣɫӶȻҲĳĹͷ
ѵǹĹͷһ󵨵ͷӿУŽ𶹣ȻĶ
ܿ죬ֱͷ֮ǰľ˵ӴôͷȻҲСһָǣҲἫһͷϵȣڴСϾͽȻͬ
˼Ƭְ̣ѽһվӣǰƣȻһǰһԾȥ
ɵ֮ڵĽƣȻ۲͸ټϹŵ֮ǰ̽·ʱһ·ȥ˵̶ɣȴ֮ǰɡ
ֻɵλʱͣһƶɲ봥˽ƣñ׺³
ֲżʱһȥתۼ䣬ꡣ
ɵľ룬ʱ䣬һ߳ʱ䣬Ľ֮֮һ·ƽ⣬Ҳͻͽ
վɽʱ֪˵صĽƣ֮ǰһΣºܶڣ˵ͨڣȴûӦӶǴҲ޷ĻΪ޷ɽ
ˣߵ֮ʱյƣȻ֣׵˸Ŀƽһۺ󣬱ȥ
ٶȺƽһһûκͣ٣ǰֿʱһֱɣյĽƣʲôġ
ļǵã쫷ɽʱûκ򣬶쫷סϱۣٷɻʱȴС
оһ֮ټԲӰ֮Ȧ̽գЩ˴սƵԭǾٶȣ
һٶȳһ̶ȣֻͻȻӡ٣ͻսƣԽǿɽƾԽС
Ҳ˵ɽͻȻ٣ܲᴥսƣɽпƣôһɽȻᴥսơ
һжϺ󣬵ƳʱĿƽŲݲȣ٣Ҳ٣Ǳһƽ͵Ĳ߹˴Ŀĵɣ֮ڡ
ڶأʮʱ䣬ʱ䳤ֵջȣʵ΢
ʮ꣬Ӽ뷱׵ѣһһѽ֮ѧᣬڻͨﵽһ磬Ȼ˵ٶʱ䣬Ҳ
ڶأĿƺΪ߽Ųһϵͳѧϰ֮ĵط
ĻֻɽҲɽĽƣܽ޷ʵǶϡ
ԴˣּΪɻֻ˿ɻû˿Ϊˡ
ʱֽе˲䣬ͻȻʷ˸ɫ⣬໥һγһ޴
յĽƲͬɫ̺Խǿɫֵ˲䣬ͻȻ֣֮ɽȻһ
ɽһֱɽɽڣдɽеĽƣһâɽƮÿһ㣬һƣ㣬ԽƮԽߡ
ܿ㸡УֵǣյĽȴδЩɵһ̶ȺͻȻԼٶȣһۣγһŹ㲻ϵ룬ԽԽ󣬽ﵽɫȵĸ߶ȡ
ʱѾȫʧɽĹͺͺһƬûκνƴڡ
ִĿǰһң壬ɫֵ˲䣬㱻һס޷ƶ֡
ʱ㼯ײһ˲䣬һ޴֮ӰȻ֮ϡ
֮ӰΪӴƺͷ죬Ųȵһ㣬ʱͷ۾Ĳλͣ¡ԶԶȥ򣬾ͬǴ˾˵˫һ㡣
һɲǣȻȻãȴ˸о·һ㡣
ɽĵλߣͿ˾ձ˯ǰԶŵԼ˴˽ɽҪţᦵܽ뱾ʶƾݣֱƼ䡭
𶯵ǾںƺƵĴţһö˸ɫ򣬴Ӿڳ֣Ʈ֡
ǰһĻǹķͿ˾ǹͿ˾Ŷԣ
Ȼǿ󣬽һͬϢУǹͿ˾֣ǼֵΧ
ʱƮǰĿ˸ץУʱһɢ̲ȫֻع鵽֮ڡ
˲䣬һЩ֪ûйֻһá
ͬʱ˽йؽᦵĽֹܺסĿͬʱҲɵһЦ
ûнʵ;ϣҲûضҪƺɳΪϡ
ֻһֲϣǱҪУǾīʯ
еѶڣҲйīʯʯͷκ򣬶ǲǿ֮С
ʯڹ˵ܺõõֻǿգѰٵ
ͬʱѶҲһͼڹʶīʯڣÿһߣõһ顣
īʯõ󣬾Ҫʼᦣ򵥣Ҳ临ӣϿ¾ʮǧŰپʮŸơ
ˣһᦣ
ѶȻûᦵãķСˣ˵Լˡ
˵ⷨ㣬ô˵ʲôҲţȻܻԼߵݣȻǴ˹Ľħŵ۵֪£Ȼæȡɶȹѡһ򣬴ӶͷΡ
ϣҲݡĵ׺Ȼһڶȫ󣬿Իݲõôǲ˵ʵϵһأĳҪҲԻñ
ڲ·ʯϿǾ仰Ǹ赭д˵շ
ǵһػñҪ뵽ɵÿЦûǸ㡣
ʱǾһΣɢҲɢܿ죬ŹȻɢâɽϣһ˲䣬ÿһ̱һƣģ˽֮ɽٴλָ糣
ɫƮɽдţһ֮дֵ壬С
ٴδгʱһƬɾ֮أݱҰŨ
ڲԶһԲεĺһ㱦ɢ߲֮⡣
ֳֵ˲䣬ʶɢ֮ŽǰȥͬʱһĴɫ̷ɳתǻ
֪ħŵ۶˶Լ֮ǣȻǰ˵ڶأѱڴ˵صԼȴȻڴ˵صȴ˵ʲôҲҪԼԿ֮˵ȵԱɱ
һ·˫Ŀ˸ɿƽƵʶۣ֮ܿʼϸɨϸѲһȴûзκ쳣֮Ŀ˰ѱ֮ϡ
ǱûκνƣһѸǰȥں߽һ٣ͣһĴħͷ̷ɳ
ӣǱﻵˣʱһ֣¶˷ܵı飬ɵֺϱһ¶˼֮ɫ
Уɷͷȫ˰ɫ˫Ŀɴ͸һ㣬ħͷֻһۣľİԽпࣺɷôǿˡһӺ²ħơƴҲûκϣˡ
֮ǰֻеּʶʩչʱħͷŻָоڣԷʶδȴѾ˾¸Уɴ˿ɼʮڽ֮ϵ裬Ȼﵽ˱Ƥľ硣
һָ棬ħͷҪּۻۣһֵ˫ۣĵ̿һ£æԹԵȥֻģȴƿڴһ䡣
ҼסˣţҶһЩǣһЩǿСܣԼΪһЩʱӶȻƴˣħͷдһʱоˬ˲٣Թй£ڣ̽Ѱһ
ͨڵʶͬӴںһ㣬շִ˵س׵׵ûκ쳣һԾб
ʱӺڷ˼䣬ȴǲĸȥ
ڱǰҲȷڰȫ˽ȥ㣬һžŸӣһ
ֿȻһ˿򣬴˵طΪߵĽ֮أֻѾѴ˵ؽȫߣԲôտյĸӡ
˶ֶ֮Լ뷨ȷɣڶ㣬ĸӣֱڶĸǿһ
ڵ㣬ֿ뿪˵صУ֮⣬ֻһӣͬûκƷ
ûκʧ֮ɫȻһ벻·϶ǳһֵ֮ԣ˵ڵڶأδлָо˺пܣǰ֮һ
ĬƬ̣㱦Ѱڵڶһհ׵ĸԣͬһС֡
˱Ψд˸ۣ֮֮أʧ
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ڵ㣬û̴нأϥأһﵽ۷һ´ڵķħͷһС
ȴȥֻе˲䣬ҽһɢ̣æ˺¶־֮ɫ
ĿһٳһֻСޣУһΣСûκ谭ȥֻС޽ȥ˲䣬ͨڶħͷ֮һ˿ϵжϡ
ɫʱ˴УȻǧǰħֹҲ̶ֻӵĵˡ
֮ǰľ˵أҪʶſͨⲻ꣬δϸ˵ֶ٣ȴҲһЩ
ʱ֮̽£ħͷ޷룬ҽоԪ𺦣֮⣬СޣһȥҲʧ٣ϵжϡ
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һĸо̴дûħͷΣգĿкâһ˵һԾ̤˽ȥ
߳˲䣬̴סˣʶڶʱˣɫһԾһβֿƣ˫˸
⡭Ǽ磡ʧ
ǰһƬޱ޼ʵ֮أʱЩι״ľ޴ʯ飬ƮͬʱʶĲ޵ɢ
¶һ˿Ц˵˵صһأȹڶأǼ㣬ôأھͿԶԣԼѴ֮Ϳأ
һĴħͷڶħͷ̳֣ħĿܣ˫۴ԽԽ٣ϲ֮ɫ档ħֻˮΪ泩֮С
ųħ˫ĿںâһȻһץգʱһддţһ˿ͻȻɢڰջһֻͷ˫ǵȻһλꡣ
УҪ֣û뵽ȴץ˳
λ¶ֻ֮ɫֿһۣʶһԾһŴڣһ̽С
ֱ˫ۣѾܾûƷλζˣָоĲԼʶǿ˲١
λ꣬ȻʶĴƷΪ˴˵صλ꣬һδأֵˣ˫Ŀһ˿âǰƮȥ
ղλһĻڶħͷŵˡħƽɱˣҲʲô֮ȻմˮĻǣҲǸоԼʳﱻߡ
λ걻ץһ̣ĲλԼΪƣһͬǰڰĸоָоУְץΪɷ׼СܣȥԷк
ϧ˿иУۿǰڱ˺תΪ־壬֪Լһֱƴ˵ɷǣ̻ǣɡ
һˡ
λ걻ǰľѾı飬ЩԪȣɢԼɷּۻ۵飬һ²ѡ
оԼǰʵ뻢ıƤԷʶͷԼǰоѾǶԷֶˣһֱӱȣʵ΢
̾Ժ󶨲ҪȥɷǣĴβСѶԷŭˣһھܰԼ̵׵ףҶʣ
ڵڶħͷ˵䱾ޣһ˿λԵħͷҲ˲٣ʱҲĵ׿־壬̻̲
ֱҪǿϲ٣ֽ˵չ¶ʶͬ˲䣬Ȼָо˵أԷͬĴڣ


һٰʮ ʼ
˵صأʵϲļ磬һӵĿռѷ죬ֻѷڣȽӴˡ
أǰȥ֮˫Ūÿһ֮£λ֣ɶ
Ѿܾûɵĸоˣϸ㣬뿪սڣѾȥ˼ʮͷ
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ħͷڶħͷһ·ϺҴϢһڣһ֮ǿǰȣ׷׺޷֮ڣ֮
־ܵӴʶȫѹΪһ˿֮ʶ̻ڣһλ֮
һߣʶɢ²˵ؼȻǼ磬ôλ֮⣬ȻҲ̻ڡ
̻֮䣬Ƿܹ໥ɣֲֻ֪̻֮䣬򲻵ѣ໥չһֹķʽһ⡣
ãɵλȻ࣬Ȼ̻ǰϵһĿ˸һȻͣ£˫չܼƯʯ飬׷λۡ
ܿ죬Щʯ໥ײһγһ͵ʯɽһԾվʯɽ֮ϣȻӳɫ̴Ʈ
Ŀһְʯɽ֮ϣʱ֮һ뵽ʯɽУԭЩɢۣ˴֮Ŵ϶ʯɽ̱ɫľΧµܿ죬ʯɽз϶ȫɫסԴ˰ι̵ճһ
һգɫ̻صߣ뵽ڣʶ֮˸ϣѸǰһΣһӰ֮Ȧ̻һģǲӰ֮Ȧӡʯɽϡ
ڲӰ֮Ȧʯɽ˲䣬ʯɽ˸۹âֶܿһӰ֮Ȧ׷ǰ֣ʯɽ֮ڡ
ܿ죬ʯɽѾ׵ıһС͵Ľ֮ɽ
ֳ΢̤ڣճʧӰϥʯɽڣٴλһӰ֮Ȧʯɽڱϡ
ʯɽʱһۿɼٶȣѸСձʯһСͣʱһʯûа֮ʱƮʯ飬һһ
ʯڣһ˿ʶʶȻʱʯ֮ûһõӡ
ʶӣǰһͣϢɢʶ󣬲ܵƣƺƵɢֻһ㲨ƴʶѸɢܵλһ׷״¶ӣ¶֮ɫ
ţЩλ·õһʧܷȥʶɢԽԽλӦֵĴڣ¶֮ɫܷȥ
ֵʶ뿪壬ҡһ䣬׵ٴγΪ̻꣬ٶȷɿ죬֮غɨ֮λ꣬ޱȶ乧֡
ģָӦڼԶ֮һӴʶڣʶȻֻ̻꣬Ŀǰһֵֺľ磬·ڳ˯
ܵԷ˲䣬Ӵʶû˿Ӧֳûȥ̻꣬ǼɢԼʶƸλΪ
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֪ԼΪ˵ͣȫűΪ֪֮˵أ֪úɵȻĶ
ˣȻΪʼԥϾһأΪԼûаգѧж
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ҶľΪţóԽϳȻʧһԶŷĵ׵һ˿ɻҲɢһա
֮£Ҳû̴Ӧ˵ȵ￪֮գᡣ
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ǵصһֻֻĻҲ£ʮֻֻ΢ע⣬ҲϡٰʮֻΪҲ԰ȻȹֻһǧֻôǻڣҲûκΰ취
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һֱ϶̸˻ʹһ˵һרʶΪֶεĴʱȻĶдټԼķأ˵Զȹ
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˴ݶȹǰصʱãÿ͵ʬͬλãȹʱԽ̣ôĵصԽãֱӴͽڣпܡһ뾭ڲиɿӣڶ൤ҩĲݴƷʾЩУӤ䵤
Թ˵ǲɶ˵ʵʵӤ䵤
ϧĴ㣬ͨڵľƻˣһɢ־ȻԿڣŻ޺ɫ֣һϵеıʣöľЩֲΣ֮£ֻܷѰ֣ԽѸ뿪
ʵϣУȹһءڶأҳɹ֮ˣֻڣȴһɬ
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ħʱҲڣĴУѰҵĹصĳڣһ·λ̻꣬Ӷ˵壬ÿһ֮£ͻһɫâ֣ţλ꣬ԥķħˡ
ֻڽʬ󣬱ʧӰ٣ϣʬκα仯
һ·ħνоգһǧֻλͬʱֻҪʬɫâһЩλһϡ
ʬ壬¶һ˿ЦԼ˵ڵڶرСƣմʱУΪõ½һ磬˻ڣƾ׼ķһζȻԽĹأ
뵽ĵӿһ˫¶һ˿ȣڻӤ䵤ȣΪ½ʲôˣһõӤ䵤ôͿһԾΪӤڸ֣ʱ򣬱˵ħȸǣֻҪȥȸҲԺ޼ɡ
뵽ٶȸ죬Ѱ֮صĴ֮УʵƷʦõѰˣһ̽Ѱ֮ء
ʦڣǰ⴫֮ｻԭʦǴԴͨ˵أϧؼʱ̣ȴһֻ˵ﲻͬǿﶢϣ
ħĿʦḶ֮́Ŵ֮Ѹ˳ͨ롣
ʱڣһˣǹŵۣϥһʯϣ֧СѸתͷһƴСıɢг֮⡣
ⱦâ֮Уʱ¶λӰϸȥλ֣̰꣬ĶűڵĹŵۡ
ȴûһλ꣬ǰⷶΧڡ
ŵɫ࣬뿪ڶصʱ򣬱һɫ׷£ƴű飬Ž棬Ϊȴ½ԪӤڡ
غͲҽ̫ֻΧʯϴɣϣԾΪָڣĻƾԪӤڵΪǵһءڶпԱ⼫ΪյĵأȴǸ޷档
ĵ׷ǣصĴУ֮ǰȻ漴ԵĴͣŵ۵ãͺصвֵ˲̼Ȼͱڶλһ˶ϡ
ʱûκΰ취ֻάֱⲻ𣬱׵
һ·֣ŵһ⣬ΪһУĺ⣬Ȼ졣
˵ݣȴʼЩɻ󣬰շǽֵСӣӦòǱˣôҲţԼȻᱻһᵤڵŪˡ
˵֣ʶԽɢԽ㣬İ֮أȫɨһȦ˵س֮⣬ֻһ̻ꡣλҲûеսֻ࣬ﷶΧ̫Եöˡ
֮⣬ĹصڣҲѾҵڲڴ˵ĵ㣬ƫܣλ࣬ռ˴˵صķ֮һ
ͬʱѹЩλ꣬ҲͨķݸһϢǰֵҪҵħŵ۶ˡ
ͬʱ־ģλȻҲҵ˶ľԽ
ֳʶȻһŹŵڵλѸɢȥλ괫ݵϢŵЩУĿǰΪߣ޷
ʱ䲻λ£ֵʶȻڹŵ۱֮⣬ɫĹŵۣĬ
ɵλ꣬ʶӴ˵ﲻĲΣϣȴԶϾʶѰǼʶ
һ˵أŵ˫Ŀâ˸ңǰĳһƬڵޣȴĸоһȻͬʶڡ
ʶһ֣ܵЩʶɢʱ¶ӰУ¶һɹ־֮ɫ
ŵĵ׿һ£̶˵һҩ裬Ա֤㹻άֱ֮⡣
ֿڵĹŵۣʶɢһʱܷɳʮֻλ꣬Ȼ¶־֮ɫȻ⣬ǽ˲䣬һǿʱӿ֣ʮλֻܽȥɣһɢ̣ò˻
ֻǱĹâȴ
ʶٴβһΣλ꣬ȫ˷ӰĿȫ֮
ŵĿһ£вã˫ֽӡű⣬ÿһɫ֣һɫңΪǵԪӤڡ
ʱеλֳ꣬ɼʼ˳ֻζ£гڵλ꣬ɢ̣޷룬ҲǳʮɣڵĹŵۣвپ롣
ŵ۲ȻһЦѾˣЩλ̫࣬ԵֿЩǰɣοأΪǹ˶ãľֲ֧ס⣬Щʶϡ
ʼգֶûǰ֪ԼԷĲ࣬棬¶ԷֻһָͷͿ𣬿̻꣬Բٿλ꣬һ໥Ĺϵ̱ת
ȻˣֱȥҲȻǹŵ۵Ķ֣̻꣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ֻ̻Ծλ꣬λԣһԷΪߣλˣҲ޷ֿ
Ҫ֪λ꣬һֻ磬һƽ٣Ȼˣλ꣬Զħͷɱȡ
֮صĵأʵϾһɱ֮أ˿Գɹ֮شħʦǵһδߣֻ֮ǰĴһڵرֹ˽Ų
ȼλ꣬׾Ϳ𣬶ǵڶ࣬ģֻҪ̻ڣôͿɸ˵һѭһᡣ
ˮȫ䵱սѷڼνһһģ춨
ǵٻԪٵ˾ͽϿԪӤ˯Ϊ۱ʶԵɺϽսĿռѷ죬ѺλԼ׳ճΪ̻ĴڡֻҪһڳôʱּأҲ޷ͬݡ
˴֮ɫλֵ꣬Уʳͬûʳôڹŵ۵УֻһдĽᵤСˣκһˣûƣּ̧䣬
ֻ֮£ϣϣĻ£ͬҧ󣻵ᣬȴҲѹգһУúȥݡ
ֻ˵޳ûжͬѾڵһصӣͻȻӵصгһַǿͿ˾䵱ԭһУǺֿݣ֮أؿʼ˷룬


һٰʮ Ѫ
֮صأӵĶϲռڣϽǵλãȻһɫĹ㣬Ѹٱγһ·˺ѵĿӣһԲεĲ϶¶
ӷ϶ڣͻȻгָףǹǴ̵˫ָ֡׵ɫԺڣϺâ˸ޱȣ˫֣ƤŧÿһŧڣһϸϸĹǴ̡
˫ץŷ϶ܣݺݵһ˺ʱһѾСѷ죬ȻٴαγһԼʮɵľ޴Ѻۡڽ壬ѷɢţһ޴Ӱѷ˳ӰԹƷһ㡣
ʮ࣬ͬ˫һŧиһЩѾѣ̱ζĺɫҺ塣һǴ̣Щŧȫ£λã˫ۡ˫ȵ֫彻֮⣬ȫǹǴ̣
һЩɢҵ·ϵĹǴϣ鲻Ͽ沿òȻڵһصӣ߰˷ƣֻĸͷʵڱӴֹ
ͷֻ״ĳǣһ˿˿ɫ⣬֮˸Ȼ˾ĵħһ㡣ӣ߳ѷһ󣬶ʱѷ죬Сջһ㣬ҵ˸ºʧӰ
ħ̧ͷң֮еĳ˷Ըκ˽Ĺأ˵ˣҪ˵ӸҪǰȥȻһʣŶϽǷ֣Ϊһой˼Ϣ޲̹ȥɢϢ֮˺ѣ
ʱߣȻһλ꣬λ꿴˴ħһֱۣӣζħλһֻۣǽĶŶϽǣһʧ޵Ϣɿȥ
˳Ŵħǰ֮ڴ˼һˣʶ֮ʱŹŵ۱֮λŵͷɢĹâǵķΧһһλУԽԽխӿʼԲʮɣڵʮɡ
ֻΪ̻Ѿûκη˸ееģֻ޾侲飬ҪԸλٴչȻ͵һɨԶͨٿصλ꣬ܵһɾҵʶѸٴ
ţٿصλ꣬һλ֮ķһĻݵֵʶС
⡭ǡӣִһܶԷѾı䲻٣һ۾Ϳħ֮ˣӣ
ջʶֹλŹŵۣһ
˵ش֮
ŵһǧǰʱҲ˵ЩܿͷӦʶǰǰҡĳ֪˵Ĵ֮ʲô
ŵ˵꣬ķɬ֮ζԴΪﵽںѾкþûгƺΪǰˣʱг֣پɬ
Ȼ䣬ɫһ̽˵ǰǰ˵Ŀǽ˹֮صĴƷǴʵҴˣһħϡ
ֳԶǾҵʶԽԽͨһ·ϵλ꣬İ˶Էλãŵ۽̸֮ʣҲٿλ빥
ɶԷ弫Ϊ죬ƾλ򣬶޷˺ĵٴһ
ڹŵ˵Ǵ֮ﲻϣħй㣬ֲţҼԷ˵棬Թŵ۵˵ԣܻ޹˼ɵĽ֮أҪȫħǣűһ㣬ϾԷ˽뿪˵صĹؼ֮
йش֮飬ֵľ˵ʱⲻ꣬ºĵ׷ŵóۡ
ŵ۸ڵڶأħڶȻԼ֪飬ʶһɢʱܵλ꣬һչ˹
ŵһҧʶϷȻûĴ֮˵ʱֵһ֮ƬƬڼ¼һ׷д͹ܣֻǱÿسڵдʹãſɱͳ֮أĻϷҲñƬϷ־󣬱Ѿ顣
ŵ۴˻٣ǧǰ˵ʱΪǿһԱȻĿ˴֮ǵõ־Ҳ˵أȻԭ
õ־ʿ֮࣬ûбӳΪ־ƣҪÿصдſʩչ
һǰش֮ˣûд;ϣ˵ڶسڵУغ󣬴˵̫ӴѰҽǴ롣ټϵİЩʶʶɢ̫ԶһѰҳڣϼѡ
־ҪڳڲʹãУôûκã֮ǰڵڶسʱʱȣŵڴ־뿪ν˵ء
ֻҪҴسڣҾ־ŵĿƽȴԴĦ֪ԷҪ⴫֮ﵽʲôôʱǲԷһ𸴣ܵλ궨Ȼٴιʱȴֻ·һ
ûٴ˵ʶһʱܵλ꣬ٴηչ˽ĵĬĬʱ䣬ͨλ֮ĸӦӾѾԶԼ󣬱˵ء
λĹֵĴߴ£ӾңͬʱΪ˼ӿʱ䣬ʶɢѸԶλڵλҲȫٻ뵽֮С
ŵɫ԰ףĵײ²⣬ԼղŵĻشȻǶԷҪĴ𰸣ŵһҧַҩ裬άⲻɢ
λĹʼգڹŵЩ֮ʱٴδһ
Ұ׿ھ㣬Щֹͣ˵꣬æóһ򣬷ڶͷУĵܡ
ʱ䣬Ѿȥһ㣬ʶһλɢŵ˿ԥһҧӳ֮⡣
ɳֵ̱ʶסһɨ¼һϸ־
ŵӳ־̽¶ԷȻŹ
ֳĬλȻһٴκȻϣչ˽ŵ۲ȻһЦ¶Թ֮ɫάⲻɢ
ֻλʵ̫࣬ܿ죬ζһ£ǱܲסλĹѳһ϶һΪ
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ʱһλӹŵһɵߡ־Ѹ뿪
һΣûȥʿԼ֮ٶȥ
УŵȫѸٵή˫ңڣԪӤϵ³ӤֹЩλɣǣֹֻһʱ޷λȴ
ıû𻵣ֻΪȻǻڣҲûа취ֵôλɡ
뿪ãǿӵħӼһǣܿһ۾Ϳ˹ŵۣüͷ΢΢ϢҪ׷ѰȻһͣŹŵۣ˫Ŀ
һץŵ۸ɿݵ̱ץУһ֮£ԪӤλ̱꣬һɾӹŵ˦˳
ȫλ궼˦һ˺һռѷ̳֣ħ¶һ˿Цѹŵ˽ȥ
ڿռѷֵ˲䣬ĿһƬѪɫ磬ĵ棬ȫѪɫŨǣҲǰɫͬһ鱻ʳѪҺʪһ㡣
ڵѪУϥʿǵΣӵħ񣬾ͷǣǵһĸȡ
Ѫɫ֮ܣһʯ׶ÿһ棬ϥһʿȥ˵ʯ׶࣬СȣȻģԶһͨľ޴ʯ׶϶һ췢ʿͷòֿƣȴɢ
ŵ۱ӽڵԪӤϾûȫλɣʱ½˫۵ͬʱɫ˲䡣
ħϿܡħɢˡǡûŵ۴ʧɫĿ֮ȺħУϳˣЩˣǧǰһ֮أȴ֮ˡ
ǳħ˵ڶصĽ֮ɽϣŵۿɫ׵ȫΪɻңԪӤҲû塣
Ͽܣ˵أǧһӵϣֻ˲ʱ䣬
ħɢˣҲħʦŵ۵һֱۿô֮ͨ׼뿪֮ʱȻ䱻һɼŹֵʶûκεֿ֮ʱ
ʱЩѾ֮ˣȴͻȻɵĵһȻһͷҪϲϵĿռ϶ڣһ۾Ϳǿӵħ
ӣŵ˫ͫһգʱռѷ£ŵĵ׾裬ȥ˵ʿڶ࣬Ȼˣ֮֮ˡ
ӭѪһɳƵѪɫ֮أĴ
˵֣ʶٶȼ죬ûñأֻڰ;ʱͻȻһ٣ͨλĸӦ̲ŵ䣬Ӵ򿪿ռѷ죬ѹŵӽȥһĻѷ򿪵˲䣬ɢĺ⣬ͨλ꣬
ֳ˼ʱ˼¼־򣬲ѱŵЩֽţΪ˰ȫӦѰҶľԽħˣͬķҪ뿪֮
ӵĳ֣Լǿռѷɢ¶ĺ⣬ּ֮УϵķѰҶľԽ˵Ĵ㣬Ѹ֮ȥ
һ·ʱͨλӦӵλãδԼ׷ŶľԽ˷ȥæӿٶȣܿص˴֮ħͷڶħͷǱʯڣʶ̷ɳ
ʶһʯ飬صʶڣûãȻ˫ۣʶһ·ϵ̲Ȼʹ˲١
һʯţûκԥŽĹ֮طȥ
ɫӵͻȻ֣ļƻòľ֮УҪģӾȻλĹ
¶뿪صҪԭ֪ԼΪЩϼһȣʵ΢Ǵ˵Ϊ磬źܶλ꣬ô򲻿Щ֮ԳֵʸûС
ڣλʧЧôֵƳɥʧһԷֻ·һԷֻҪּ䣬Ϳҷ
ֶԴ֪֮һ·ϾռϷ磬һʵϣΪڽΪ
ӵ걻쫷ΧҲʹˮĻᡣ
ڣѾʧô˫̴ͬһˮƽϣּ㵨ٴҲòϵľ뿪
ִ֮ˣ˾֮ûκγŵسλãѸٷȥ
һ·ϣλ궼ɣץһʱ䣬ٶߡ
ʵֿ̻״̬УôٶȿԸ죬ԶڣҲ֮ǰΪʲôʶ廷εصԭ
ո߳һ룬Ȼͣ͵ػͷˮңľԽڷڸղŵһ˲䣬ͨλĸӦĿ˺˵һĻ
ľԽӵĹ£ûֶã㱻˺ѿһռѷڣͻȻһֻ޴ħ֮ץסûκεĵֿ֮㱻ץ˽ȥ
ħ֮ϹǴһаϢ˴Ŀη
ٴηɶݶһΣħͷڶħͷֺһҺʮֵ߶Ѹ뿪
ܸоħӣʱԼٶȣڷ׷
һ·ϼٶУɫĵĬĬ㣬ǰڵٶȣӦÿڶԷ׷֮ǰϵС
ɾʱħӣ֪ԺַʽȫѪ֮⣬ٶͽȻ˲ѾٶȲԽԽ졣
̲һĵһʽչֻҪٹһ㣬Էͻ׷
ﵽصĳڣҪӽ㣬ʶһɨͨλĸӦѸڸɨһȦĿһԶĳλãĵ׸һ󵨵뷨
һ˵Ѹٸı䷽λбѸٶߡ
ħĵһңʶɢ̫࣬أһֱûҵڣ⼸ʱ䣬Ѿ˺þãȷʮа˾Ŷ
ʵǰ̽λʵ̫࣬ǵķҲóȻ룬꣬ǹȥλ꣬һһǰ
һٶȻҲˣȴʤȶôչȥһ죬ԽĹأɹ͵ڡ
ʱ˴λ꣬׼ʬһһʱͻȻɫһʶһֱɢ˵ɢ̫ԶԲ֮ڣκη紵ݶǿĲ
ֻһˣڰ֣֮ħһˣһܿ죬¶ЦȵͶ
ĶħٶȲ죬¶λ꣬Щλͬһ㣬ܡ
ħҪжͻȻͣ½ŲüͷߵЩλ꣬ĵһ󾪺ЩСʱ˺С¶̬֮ħĵ״Ϊ𾪡
ûĿ䣬֣ҪСΪھħ⣬ͣղ֮λԼ߻壬Ϊ˸ħһҪźš
ʱźųɹԷȻûóȻְ֣˿λߣ˵ħɶԷ֮ĺܣһʱ϶ȻȥڣϾӣȻҪ١
ֿħֹı飬ʵĵĬĬʱ䡣ħ˫ۣûֿλֶΣȻ֪ʱһħѸԿֹıĵȻɻ󣬵ȴ¶һ˿Ц
ǹ˼ɵߵλ̫࣬Ȼ֣ڣԸ֦ڣǰȻߵҷŹ㣬Ϣʱ䣬ϷԽԶԽá
ĵװ˼Ϣ¶һ˿Źֵ΢Цڣ̧ͷħһȭ˵л
˵꣬һԾλȺС
ħüͷһ壬ҪϸĥȻɫһ䣬ֻһѪɫǣѸٴԶתۼħ⣬ֳӰ¶ĸߴħ֮
㡭ӣ㡭Ӥ䵤ħ˫Ŀͫ׶ʱһգжϳԷϴϢȻﵽ˻ڣӤ䣬Ȼֻһ
ܶʱﵽΪֻһܣǾǶԷʳӤ䵤
˲䣬ħǰʬһᣬӣʧӤ䵤㵽׳ʲôôħ
ħӾ޴˫ۣħһۣǰˣֺϤĸоָо״γ֣ʵǹŵۣǶľԽϤ֮Уֻƾλ룬ûаӡ
ܿ죬ָо֮Ժ¶һ˿̵΢Ц˵Ҳӣҵ֣Ϳ˾
˵ţǴ̵֣һʱһ޴Ŀռѷ죬Ȼ֣ѷɢâţһԼʮɵѪɫӰѷ
˽ˣȥ׷һ˵꣬һԾ
ħĿǰ֮ˣʦ


һٰʮ Ѫ֮
ʮ࣬ȫһװɫף֮ϹĹǴ̣ɢɭɭâ
һͷڷԺƮɢ޷ԶòӢһ㣬һа֮У˫Աƿ̱顣
˫Ŀɢɫâħ֮һ̾ڵ׶㻹ϵΪʦܺãڣҵ֣Ϳ˾
׶ħУĵһ¶֮ɫ˵ղ沿ʦһһ£ʧôڣܽгԼ֪֣ôˣѾȥʦħɢˣ˭
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ħɢ۾΢գܿƽ˵˵ǣұӦǧǰ˲ŶԣΪλḴ԰ɡ
ħĵ׾裬ӳ֣һֱʦħɢ˸һϵ̫죬ľ֮У֪һиܡ
ѾʼɣνĹ֮أƺ֮ǰԤǰ㣬ֻҪڣͻ޾ķҩȴȥȡ
֮ɣΪǧǰй֮صĴ֮ʦõϸ룬ħɢˣõ⴫֮ǰ󣬷·˸һ㡣
һ㣬⣬з·һУһ󵨵Ĳ²⸡ͷ
ҲǱᣡħɢʧķһۣ˵
ħĵһɫȴ糣Ķʦȥ
ʮһ֣ħɢ˿ħһۣƽ˵
ħһ٣ͣʦ⵽ô£ҪɱӣҲҪõףһУΪʲô
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ħû˵꣬˵ʬȻһը˾ȥʱѪҺȴụ̂ͬǸոȥһ㡣
ʱһ֮£ʱһѪɫͻȻɢ˲ħڣһ̣·ڵѪ֮У˲ԭʧŵصĳڷѸٶ߶ȥ
Ѫݴ󷨡ܺãҵĵӣ²ѡЧķʽߣħɢ˿һߵķ¶һ˿͵Ц⡣
йԽ̵Ĺֽħ֮˾ԸӶΪ֮Ϊá
˵֮ҲֻѷһħΪؼĵ֮ɴﵽΪȫɴﵽӤڡ
ħѾΨһִʼ޷ִִ˼Ψһִ֮Ϊ̤ħĵһͷԣҪΪӤʿ
룬Ҳһ׷󣬵ħɢ˾˵ִħһ֣ʵ֤Ȼˡ
Ѫݴ󷨣ħм¼һֱֶΣ򲻵ѣʹã˴󷨵ʧһƶ˲䣬ʹʩߵٶȣߵһ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ħһ֮ˣʦħɢ˳ֵһ̣΢ԤУҧʹô˷Ѹ
˵֣ٶȷɿ죬صĳڣ۶ɣһ·谭ǰλ꣬ԶɢΪóһֱͨ
壬ҪһӰһڵľ룬ԽԽˡħϾ˼ɣԷûʲôʱ֮£ܶһݰգʲôҪ
ÿϧģͨλ괫ݵϢУħʦħɢһĻ
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δ˫һָ˸ߣǱɽֳͬķ׷ӳȥ
ħӣһ׷ĵһ߰˼׷֮ˣɢоϢʿԴԻֻĵֳ嶯Ҫ׷ϣѶԷ˺ƬܻĪ֮
УȴҲԴЩ˵ΪܸоֻǽᵤڰˣɴȴΪƻһֻҪ΢׷ȥԷ̲ҹϵ롣
Ӹоģصλ꣬˺ûκιԣƾﴳԷչ
ĵ׼Ϊ֣Ҫ֪֮Բλ깥Ϊ͵Ǽһ˿̻Ϣķһ㡣
ɶԷأĵɻһ̤ٶٴμӿ첻٣ǰѸٳȥ
ûԶ̲ǰһɫ棬ɿϮ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ӳ٣졣
գۼ䣬Ͳм㣬ӲһͷײɫϣǱ˸˼£һըһ֮ɢ
ЦҪ٣ͻȻɫһ䣬ֻܵı֮Ȼɢ֮ײؿڣȴһ˲䣬ɫϸȥһɫı
Ѹɢȫӡ
һͣͷǱһ㣬ʱֹͣɢһ˿˿Ѻۡ
ʱͻȻԶâһţһѺɫĹŹַɽ˲ٽҼ֮ɽΪ죬Ľϣ˳һС̣һƬȻ̺˾綾
ڿС˲䣬ĵһ⽣ϣһɼ̹İϤУ·ɽĳΪ֮ľ֮һ㡣
㱵ɲǣɽӵҼ磬һײĶȻӷɽҼĽӴϴ˳ɽٶȾܼ죬Ȼֻ΢һƤ޷͸
Ƥɽ̺ĶأȴǴӿ뵽ڣʱӸͿж飬Ǵһӣŷɽץȥǿҵĸоɽ̺֮Ӧġ
ӵΪҪץһѷɽͬϷһ㣬ץȥ˲䣬һ״̰סɽ޷ѡ
ʱѾҪڴ֣ɫһ䣬̲ɽΣգȻŲδͣ˫ȴӶӡһѣһڽ֮
ͬʱڵķɽӦѸһת佣ϵ̶ʱâء
Ӵץ˲䣬ɻһ̣ɽžžʱ˸̴ӽжѣԶɽٶȣȥ
˵ɽڵĶأ̻֮㣬ֵѷɽʱʮŸϣ˺ܴѪ
󲿷ֶأ֮ϣһ˸ϴͬʱ̺ĶأȻΪӴ
ǶʹãЧӱǶңɽĶҪԵڶⶾıһظ޷κΣ
ղŷɽӼ򣬽ڵĶأֻ΢һתʧ٣ڵͬΪһ塣
ˣ˸̵ĶȻЧǿҵĳ֮ƣȴ൱ڰ֧ɽͬʱһ㣬ǻˣƾʹ˱͸ħ壬Ӳ̶Ѿﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȣǰ˸֮󣬰˸̣ȫײ˲䣬ܵǿ𶯣һм۶ϡ
˵۶ϣȴҲץɽƣٶԻ£һ˲䣬Ƿɽ˸Ӵһץֻץ˷ɽıԵʧ
ӵΪǿֻɨһߣҲɽâϣһ˿Ѻۡ
˷ɽʧ󣬳ʱȻ˰֮⣬Ѹ˸ʧȥټ
ɫŷɽʧķǰһʱһռѷ챻˺Ѷ
һΪԵѷȻɨһȦ̸صļ磬ֻ̻˯֮أʶɢȥӴԷ
£дݳһϢ
ֵ˲䣬̵ϥأ˵ʹߴˣ˵һʿ̫Ҫ
ԣ˵
Էشһڷ׷ȥĵ׼ȷʹߴ˰ôᵤڵСԽ˳ڡ
˵صľӿǱԷŪĽ˯״̬Ĵһ⣬ֻʹߴ˿ƥˡ
ʶ̺ɨأʱҵħˡǰۼħϣԷɢŨѪ⣬ʹٶֻ̱ٶԽߣλԽ࣬з޷Ը˶λꡣ
ôһһ·ѾܶλУȫһ֧֣Щλǿĵֿ
ʶ˲䣬ħĵһڵλѾƣӦھȻ˰Եʶ̷ɢʶ֮ˣΪɲ⡣
ʶɨħһۺ󣬴һʱħѪ⣬ԽԽճʧ¶һ֮ɫӰ
̻ڣ޷ֻ֣ܰһΣҪ죡һУǿʶħ֮󲻽׷ħɢ˴ݳһ
ħɢɫƽͣһͷȻٶһ죬ǰ׷ȥ
ħԽп࣬һҧ˵ٴηϵһһʩչѪݴ󷨣һΣѾЩܲסѪλ̿ʼɣЦҧǰȥ
ǿʶһɨħΣûгֻ֣һۺ󣬱ɢسڴھڵǧ֮⣬֡
ʶһĿָ֡ʵڸղʶֵ˲䣬ֱ̲ʱȻһʶȻǿ󣬵ȴֵֺĸоʶڣЩŹ֡
ʱʶĿ⺮âһ֪ŹֵĵطˣʶӵߣԲʿȻһֻѾҪΪ̻λ꣡
Ӵλֻ꣬ǵһֻλλֻ꣬Ҫûн̻ľ磬ڽλϣǳλߣӴеĿƣ˵һɿԽĹ֡
ڣӴλ꣬ȻҶΪ̻չ³ֿ֪λͷ·һ裬ܰ£ʶȻָӴ̶ȣھϣȴԳﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ʱλʶѾ٣ڽ뵽ڵ˲䣬λһ漴Ȼһ
̻ꣿ㡭Ȼ̻꣡λʶĲ̴ݿֻ侪ȴһɿϲɫڡ
Ȼĵɻ󣬵ԽԼڵλ꣬ȴǺԥһ˹ȥλջʶֻȻһ֣¡
촽ĸоԼļʶԼٶǿϧܰλ궼ˣôţԼʶǿ١
ӴʶλһָӵķʽֱӴһռѷ죬˳룬ʧ硣
ʱ˿̣ѪڣλȻͻȻֵһѺţѸŴ˵Ǹͨʯ׶ȥʯ׶ǰλһӣϥڰУ¶֮ݣֻȴǳ˿֮ɫ
ˣڵأҿһ̻꣡
ͨʯ׶ϣϥһ췢ӣӵͷ췢ڸ¿òһɿϢȴʱ޿̲ɢ
λ껰˲䣬Ȼһ̧ͷ¶һѪģ̧ͷ˲䣬ѪڣʱŨܵѪºƵɢ
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̻ꡭȷӵȻܵͣȴһ˿ɿܵϡ
ʶλ껯ĳӣ˵ˣҿȷ˵ȷ̻꣡ˣڵصĳڣץҪ̹ȥ
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Ϳ˾ǣȥ̻꣬ץ췢ӵ˵ٴεͷʯ棬˳֮С
Ļһ䣬Ѫڣеʿһ׷״ӵ桢ʯ׶Ծ˲ʧѷڡ
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Сһԣмּ
أ̷ִ˵ؾȻӵĿռѷ죬Ѱ֮£˼ڣûн롣
֮أҥڿţ˵س΢Ȥ⣬ֵһᣬ뿪Ǽѵ˵أڿǰװ˷ʱ䡣
ĹأֻһˣڸݴߴʱƣǾо˺ܾãڳ׵˽˹죬Խڵκεط
ʲô֮أһ֮ء
Ϳ˾˹ȻǴǻ۵ԶʿȻȷ
û뵽һԼᱻһطǧ֮á


һٰʮ ֮
ʱ˿̣ڹ֮صڴӻһǣѸųڷȥٶȼ죬ڵľ룬ҲԽԽǼϢ䣬ʮڡ
ʱڵصĳеϷȻһǧɵľ޴ѷ죬ںҫɢһѪ֮
ĵһ𣬵Ŀȴƽң̴дʩչŵ۸־뷨ڼѷֵ˲䣬ϵĳڣɫ̷裬ߣ
ڽеɲǣĿϷѪɫѷڣһߴħʿǷ׷׶е֣к¶ϲ֮ɫȻһг
ĵ׿һЩħóһڻּ𣬴һ˿ǣֵӣʧС
Щħһ˵ѸٽŽС
еһ˳ּûκͣ٣Ѹһ˵һ޴Ĺ㳡żʮԼʮɴϸͨԲ
ЩԲм䣬һԲεĴĺɫâӴڻɢϸɷ⴫һͬѪܰɣܣһϸ˿״֮ӣһЩɫҺ壬Щ˿״ϴڡ
ĺ⣬ǴҺɢ
ֺԥӳֵ˲䣬ʶʱɨһȦ̷ִ˵ûκγУֻһ
˵ǰȥܿ˴ԣδֱӴ룬ԿһۺһĴɫ˸͵һ£۳ʮϴ̡
󶾽һջشͬʱ˫ӶӰ֮ȦĽƣֱЩϴ֮ϡ
Щһüģɫ΢£һڽɫĵⵤһ֣̻˿˿״뵽Щϴ֮С
Щϴͨһ𣬻Ĵ俪żӰ֮Ȧת
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ͨǰʱ䣬ԤʱޣȴͷΣʴˣ͵֮⡣
һѪⲨ䣬ֵ壬ŤϢʧȥӰʱѪ⣬ɢջָ糣
ʱĲӰ֮ȦͻȻɢһ˸ɫâĽƣ⴫ڣͬʱЩϴ̣ŲӰ֮ȦȻһԼٶ˴ڣÿһϴ̣Ĵ̽ڵķѪ֮ϣϴ̺Ķأɢ
̼䣬󷨲ɢ⣬͸âֻâûά̫ãȴɫת
ʱĹصڴһѪħٶȷɿ죬һ˴⡣
󷨱ƻˣԼҪʱָܻһħʿɨ˴һۺƽ˵
ûйϵӴޱȣ̻꼴ǽȥˣʱҲܽʶֻҪûʶ;޷뿪
ʱǷֿѰңһΣҪģ
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ͨ仰̷ղǴ󣬾ǵĹأֻĹûκֻ𵽴ðˡ
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ǵسڴֵЩһĹħĵͬѹһʯԼоԼһĵط
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˼䣬ȴǲδͣǰжߣԤУЩħȻ׷˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͻԼǰ
ҪģǾ뿪Ĺ֮أ
һĴһУ鿴粻봢һ˫Ѹٱ仯һӡ
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ִһ󣬲Ƿк쳣飬һֱʮʱͻȻֹͣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ʮ־ǰһʵʴȴǲԾԾ֮
ֳ˫ٴα仯ʮ־һ·ٶȷɿ죬Ҫһ־ȫһһ
һ־ǰһǰȻһУɭ֮ڴֻиһ֣̱ǰʧ
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ô־¶һ˿Ц־γɵУԷתÿһصĳУת
ϸͷֲеĲͬڳڴ־γɷУܲ뿪˵أֲԣȷһǣֲͬһײôһϵĿº
ȻҲų뿪˵صײвָղŴ־ʱͷ֣ӵʮ鿪ʼڵͲԽ󣬲Խңһ־ڵȻ˼㡣
һֱֻǲûκ״Ļֹͣ־ⷴתк¶һ˿â
־ܷ뿪˵أ֪˿ȴ֪ײ˲䣬ڵ̱ңڱ߶պпܲ𵤣ýһΪ
һУΪÿֽʱڵᱻһ˲ľҲȻֻһ˲䣬һ˲䷢ײʱôֲͬȫ෴Ĳڵϣ롣


һٰʮ 񴫳Уһ
ֳĬ־Ѿ֤뿪˵صıҪ֮һüģҪܷռ䡣
Ҫ֪ܽռ䣬ôĻܴϲ١ִ֮üķ£ϱ糣ȴ¶һ˿ɫ
ռûܵƣʱ룡
ֺһٴһŵ۵ĴУʶһɨ£һʱӿ
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ֹʶɴ˿ɼŵ۲δʵҲЩò׼£ϾӵĴûʶ˵Ӧ˲Ŷԣȴٴγ֡
Ϊֹϴ򲻿Ĵһ˹ŵ۵֮⣬پս֮Ķڣصʬ֮
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ţʶвԶһɫˣ˸ߴɣ޷ƣһۿ߼ʣ˾Զ춯صĺȻԶԶĴ
תۼ䣬˾ƽ˺ܶ࣬ڵԽԽ˵ѸԶߣ̫Ź֣Ϊˡ
ĵһǣȻвܿƵļ󣬽𵤷ҵĲһеٶȣȻ¡
ʱ˾ͬһ㣬侪ȴƽң֪Լ޷֮ǰ룬һüģʱӴüĳ֣ӣܿûճʧ
˴ԼʮϢ˺ƺƵĳʧĵطХԶȻȥʱõӰ֣ʵ󣬶ǲԶȥ˿˺þãĿ
һǰȥ
ʱ˿̣سǧ֮⣬ħȫѪ⽥¶һſףУץһ˰ֱֻ۵ĹǺ
Ǻϣŵߣɢһ˿˿ɫĹâ
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ϧ뷨Ǻʵ֣ԪӤһ˿һ˲䣬㱻λϸʶ׵ı¶˴Ⱥλǰ
Щλ¶̰֮ɫһӵϡʱħԵôʱͻȻеǸǺϽȻǽ˳ŹǺħţħڵЩҪһ˶ϵλ꣬ͻȻһҽ׷ȿֺŽ⣬Ѹٷߡ
ħĿǰһĻλߺ½ӹ壬Ŀ¶֮ɫйǺзĸп
Ǻܿ죬¶֮ɫȻϸĥʱ
ܣźܶλ꣬ʱҲһ˱ܿ·ǽ⼫ηһ㣬ħǸ֮ˣһп֮ģѸǧ֮ĵسڷȥ
еľ޴ѷѾ£ϲħһ·ٶȷɿ죬ûλ谭˲䣬˳ڴһ̤С
ʱһأˣģ˴ܽ뿪ôԲ
һʱ˵Ҳأȴûô죬ʦĸӵħһϵ飬ĵһž޴ɢ£һƬӰľ
ʱվУɫ׵µ˲䣬һ˦һϵз׷ħڵԪӤСһȦ
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ֹֻϣֻĸָָֻһ롣
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һǧ־ȫֹǴһתУǰ֡ħ¶ϲɫθٴ֮أΪΪԼѾֹǳоףֹǣǧǰһ㣬뿪
ֹǣʵϾһֱѰҵĹ֮ش֮ħɢ˰Ѵ˹ǽǧоƽֹǵİأ
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ͨ˹ǵϵʱȡʹãһνһʧ
ֹǹ֮صĴ֮Բܴ˵ؽƵƣһǸӣȫûκ谭˹֮ء
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ħһ£ʱԭֹͣڰյɫ磬Ȼ£ħѸʧڵصĳڡ
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ͬһ磬Ϳ˾⣬ѸٶķѾı䣬ֱУϡ
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ѾΪԶת֮⣬ĵ׻һ˿ɻԽǰУԽܸоŹֵĲ˷ɨЩεĲÿɨֶĲⲨûκιԣÿɨ󣬶ϵı仯Ȼ΢ȴֵľģ˼֣ѨλãѨ֮ϣѨϸʶҲǸط
һ߷Уĵһ߰Լ㣬ϧѯ̫٣ǰʼһڸǣ̬֮࣬أһֹա
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ʱɫǽɫֹǣֿ˿ܣͻȻһ£ţ˫Ŀٴο˿ܣϱȻ任¶һŵĿϲ֮ɫ
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⻰һ䣬˫ַɿı任ʱ˷ɫЩȫħӿ
ɫԽԽ࣬󼸺գ޾ӿֶħ壬ͬһ޵׶Щɫ
ı飬ԽԽܣ¶ϲ֮ɫԸоڵĿ֮˵Ӵޱȣ
ʱȥھ˵ʮ֮⣬ħɢ¶˷֮ɫңħڵķɣҵĺͽɡΪΪʦĴƣҪúñ֣
¶һ˿Źֵ΢Ц˫ֽȻһ죬ʱһ⣬Ѹɢ˲ѷԲ֮ڰסЩħɢĿЦݸʢĵװͽΪʦ׼ĳһ֣ڿϷճɹֱԭ򡣡
ʱȥ޾ĺѾѷԲ֮ڣȫˣħɢ˲õĽƣɢ
Ҳ֪˶ãǺʧħ¶ۿ֮ɫΪȻﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȡ
̰֮գͺһ䣬˲䣬˿˿ɫȻ֣ûãԲ֮ڣ̱֡
֮֮֮֮׷ױħɣı飬Ȼʦħɢ˵ûħȱ㣬ǶΪִţһΪĻᣬôԲ
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ڵǰʶĳı仯·ѣɢʱħ˵һֹ֮ħȻ˴ʼħɢ˵Ԥռ
ʱ˿̣֮⣬ħɢ¶̰ϲ֮ɫһʱҲ̲סЦȻһħڷȥ
ҵĺͽѾˣϷ㣬һΣȨǱˣ


һٰʮ 񴫳У
ռڣһ飬ͨãȫһ
ӣԭڲδǰ޷ģԴִﵽ˽ᵤںȴ֣ӺԸоЩͬ
ָоڵոսᵤʱҲֹֻû԰ˣַ֮£Ϊӻԭ֮һĿܣʶǿ
ϾصЩλ꣬ʶ˳
ʱռڣֻҪץܵǳεķ壬̻֪һ顣
ħĳ֣Щȣû뵽ħȻҲͨصĳڣ֮ء
ͨԷǰֳħȻǸոձĹصĴͽ
ֶ׼ԷߺԼֿߣ棬ô˵Ǻ¡
ɽ飬ȴһ
ħɵЩֿоǳ죬̾뵽˵ͨħʩչħһĻ
ɵõ˿Ŀͣܿ죬ĵһ˿ɻƺԷյ̫ˡ
·һж׼ã͵ħһ㡣ĸоħڲϵǿ
ħǰδеħȻﵽ˴Բʱĵ׳֮飬ǧ׷һﵽ㣬ָоΪˬ
˿˫֣쳤ЦţڼʦǰҲȻ壬һս
ԴյĹ֮ںһγһԲٿر˵
ֻûħпȻɫһܿ¶һ˿ԶһǰӰѸڷ
ϼһȻ㲻˼ʦͽ֮飬ݹɱʦˣħ¶һ˿ЦȻĶԽԽӰ
գۼ䣬Ӱ۶ħǰʮͣħɢ
ħ¶εĿϲ֮ɫЦãħɢ˵ĵӣȻչ֮׶ΪʦҪúõлл㡣
ĵһռͨӣĸܵһУ˵ĳ֣Ϊ֮һ˵Σ̫ˣӵħĹŹ
ȵģԴ˵ĻȻħʦ
ֲ֪ǧǰ֮صıħɢˣʱĵһҲ³߰˰ˡ
ͨ˵Ļָ֪ˣԭղħɵģȻǹ֮˵֪֮ǺϿȴҲ京塣
ħĿ¶â˵˫ǰѸٽӡ仯־е֮飬
һ䣬ħʱͬɫʵЩһ֣̻һצħɢȥ
ħɢ̰֮ɫأδֹħʩ˫չͬķڶԷʩչ˲䣬ͬʱͺȵ֮飬
ʱ󣬳ͬǰȥ
ħ¶һ˿֮ɫ˵ѧħɢˣ֪Էħһ֣Ժ֮ǰħһֱУ⹦ӸĽʱգţԼĽħ֮ħɢˣԲ̫ѷɫ
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ͷ޷Զй
ԹΪħɢ˵ͺֲɣ֮Уһ䣬ʱǱħеĽɫֹǣͻȻ䶯˲ѣɫ㣬ħɢ
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ħĿһħɢ֮飬˵Ȼˣһ磬ʱԶȥڸղŵһ˲䣬ȻˣΪԼڵسڣԴֹʩչ־ͨ뿪˵кбԭ
ֹǣǲȫʦħɢˣĻҲܴһ仰ֹԼƿء
ڸղֹǷ˲䣬ֹ֮ǧ꽨ϵ˲㱻ϣһܿܶ顣
ħɢ¶һ˿ħһۣƽļڵΪ
ħɢսֻһҽ»״໥ںһתۼγһõӰ
ͬʱǻ缲뿪ħϢɢٴʱȴȻķ֣Լ֪ΪΣȻֻصħɢߡ
ֵλãûӰ֮ڣ׼ȷ˵Ȼںһ
ԴȫѪΪסħɢ˵һ䣬ħû˿ķ֮ʱըʱѪģ
ħɢһ٣һεѪҺѸƮ۳һѪƮڰաһУħȫһ֮޷
Դ˻ڴԲΪ·ԹͿ˾Ϊý顭򿪹ʶ֮ءħɢ¶һ˿֮ɫȴһ죬Ѿ4000ˣ
ʵǧǰǴΣǵһν֮أ׼ȷ˵ӦǵΡǧǰĵһΣƾһȹ˵أɹĽ˵Ĳ㣬һǸֹǣ˴˵ӵֲֻǸоĵʣԸΪֶΣԴ˼ΪС
ħɢ˿˵ǾţһŹֺû̳գѸֹǴͨ뿪֮ء
ʼоԴħɵ־ڶ˵ʱ˵ǽ˵Ĺأȴ֣֮ǰͬʱǿЩħʿ
֮£æѡ뿪һսŽӳҲһΣ֪һЩйع񴫳еš
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һֱֹ͸ħЩļƻ
ڵʱӲħʱҲĿģĹء
˵ħӣĿģҲΪһ졣
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ʱƮڰеĽɫֹһһȦȦɫĲƣγһɫĹȦ
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ħɢ˿ЦһץʱڸһǳɫԲαСԼʮɣͨȴֻвɴС
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ֻһôҲûϵȻһ̻꣬ӶѪǲеħʿ׷
һһЩʣɼϲòټħɢ˶ĽƣźǿģûиıƻǼ


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ڣԷȴ׾ٵƳΪĽƣĵȻһ
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һѣ̺Ķͻʧ٣ֻһȡĻᣬȡֻȡһ֣ܷɢȡ
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׼ȷ˵һϹʿΪһЩԭ
²μĿˡ
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ץסû˿ͣѸԶ۶ȥһ·ٶȷɿ죬óȫһ㣬Ʈɢ
һֱ˽һʱٶȲͷб¶֮ɫ֪ǺڷʱҲԷ봢ڣϧȴⶫΪ죬޷봢
¶֮ɫħɢӣȻǷƷű֮ǰħɢ˵ĶȻͷ
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üǰһ׼ǰУ쵽ʶʱͻȻһ΢ʹд
ʹᣬֻһ֣ʧʧ˲䣬һǿʹһӿ֣ѭһ˲ӿʼ΢ʹɲǱŭ˰ҡ
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ʱһɫĹ⻷ͷƮ⻷̴ֺϻĴ֣ЩƮģԽԽ࣬ԽԽ
գеĴͻȻһмѸپȥһȦԽԽĴȦģһԲ͵ľ޴״֮С
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תۼ䣬޼ʧգƽ˿쳣֮
ûãһħʿͻȻڴ˵أݲϣȴһɻĿ˿ܣһץʱһռѷ֡
ʿֲͣܶദλãץռѷһһ鿴һתʧԭء


һپʮ 񴫳Уģ
ڣھ󲿷ֵطħʿչʶϸ֮󣬵Щħʿ˵˵΢鷳һЩһȴ·ＫΪϤƵģҲˡ
ѨתˣϺҲǺܣеĻܵѰһ
Ѱȴһ񣬵ЩħʿȴȻûзϾܷҵ̻꣬ǵδֱӵϵ
ڱЩְɾ޼һ̣˽뵽һ״̬Уǰ־Ƿǵ㣬һƬڰ
оԼĴڣʱ״̬ʶЩͬĲԼԼٶȣǰƶ
Щ㷱ǣԽԽȫһ޴Σţһˣϥһ޴ϣ˫ֽŷ΢һʱԶһΣһѱըһɿƿֲѸٴӱը֮ش
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СĿ֮ǰһĻĻɫֱӵĹϵ
һ̣жɫĹ֣ʶһɨ·弫ΪϤ㣬ϳ

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һҪԭǾǹĴУ⣬ҪԸƾõʵϹǼģôִܳС
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ڹһ壬ǶӵпᣬӽһڣΪӳɳ֣ӳɵһ̣ʱ
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Ŀ˸ݴеļ䣬Ȼ֪ڸûκηûʲôҩһУֻЩ֪߻߶׫
ͬʱͨвּĸӦ֪֮Уǰ㱻˻ã
Ŀǰ˵Ҫ飬뿪ڣҲ˴𰸣ȴЩΡ
Ҫ뿪Ƕ˵ѣ֮˵ȴܼ򵥣ֻҪڹʶڣ֮뿪
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ҪʶҪȻù֮УԴƶڲӶʶ֮ء
ֻһЩʣֳдⲿּУ΢ᵽһ㣬ǾǹͿ˾֮Էƾɴеԭ
һ壬һֱƾһص֣֮ͨī
ͨһɣùʶɢһʮʮǧջÿһʶӵвڱΪⷨĴѾֻ꣬û˿ɹ
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Ŀ˸ϸдеļɨһ飬õѶԽ࣬Խǽ
ЩѶȣָоһν֮صջǹ
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ĿܵıĤȫһ߲ʹâ˸еĿھʱȻʧʱȻڵʧ֮λ
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ڣĿ˸ƶĳһһ˵ƶ˲嵽յľͷһץʱгһѿڣһ˽ȥ
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Цǰһץ̽϶ڣתۼʧӰ
ħʿٴһĿ˸˵ʶ̺ɨʶϵܵͬ飬̰ѷһϢݿ̶̵ļϢ֮ڣ໥Ĵ֮£ڵħʿŴ˵ظ
ͬʱļʮħʿ׷չʶϸѰңܿ죬ĳλã֣һٶȷɿ죬ƽ
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ǻ֮еĺ췢ӣ϶ȲϾ˴֮Ȼͬ
Щħʿ֣չٶȣȥʶ֮ȴ𾪵ķ֣Ȼٴʧȥ˶ԷӰԷԴ˵رǸΪϤ
ԽԽħʿѨ֮䣬һʶνӴޱȣɨ֮䣬׾ͻֻ֣ᷢҪʶһԷͻ̹ʧȥӰ֮£ƾѰңȴҲҲֵټ
ǹһ˿Цץһѷ죬ݵ̤룬ʱȻѨڣҲϸʶ֮⡣


һپʮһ ʶ
չǰϸʶһӴԲĴС޷ƣԲͥһѪɫһǻҺɫ
Ѫɫһ룬ȻѪһ룬ʶ
ǰԲĿ˸Ϳ˾췢ӵһսνǾ춯أΪս˴˺ɱȻͿ˾Ϊֻʣʶ״̬԰䣬ȴʶһΪһֹκ˻֮УһǻѪѺ췢ӷӡڡ
ĿǰһĻֲɵöħ֮ʦħɢ˾мѣ˿νţȻԹƶָӲǽƫ棬ʱǧ꣬һʱʶͨ
ϧͻȻֵӣħɢڣܿѾȫĹ䡣
Ŀһǰһʶ֮ء
ӸһٽƬҺ֮أʱһɻɫɢֹǰߣڣ̺һε
һһȥӺδλǰǹɻɫȻ֣ƾγʼն޷͸Ƭ
ֳĬһĴҺһںϥڰУ˫Ŀһâ˫ǰ仯תۼӰ֮Ȧһǰ
ĿоâԽԽ˫ֱ任Խӿ٣ǰĽƲӰҲֵ֮֮˫Ȼһͣ˫ֽǰһ
ʱЩӰƣ̻ΣǰٵɢȥţԾַǰְҼ磬˫ֱַŹŹֵķ˫Żǰһ̤
ʱһâ̤һҫѸӣǰʱһΪ˳ֱֻۣ˲˫ӡ֮ϡ
ɲǼ䣬һͷ­Сĺɫ壬ɢڶ翵Ĵ֣ǰС
ƣֵͺȣ˫Ŀâһ˫͵һ˦ҽٴǰ̤һɫ壬ǰһȥܿ׷ЩνƣŻҺɫȥ
ƣֿΨһһʩչķⷨǹӴǿƽһнơ
֮ǰֺµһҺתѾȫ任ΪǺɫ塣
ͬʱȻǰһ壬ǡ
ɫӴģʩĽƲӰϣ̾ͬպˤ˻ѩһ㣬ЩɫʱΧɢ
ֻһɢд޾ۿȥû٣ԽԽ࣬γһƬƬ״Ģľ޴㡣
ڽƲӰ֮󣬾ǹĺϻӶ״ֵ壬һһѣѵ˲䣬ѵȻ֣໥ܺȻƶȥ
һƬŨܵУӲһȱڣȱȥףʱֵӣǣ͵سȱڡ
Ƴʮɺ󣬱㱻ӿЩܲסʼһȱԽԽСò˶ãȱھͻ˵ıʧ
ٶȼ죬ȱѸ´ȥȱڵĽСʱ֮ʱаܣֶʵʩļƻ
ۿܵȻСܶ࣬ǰȴȻףĿһٴκһҺ˫ֺʮеȻչʱһɫǰ֡
˵ץԱһ˦ʱѣܵͬһ㣬ٴƶ֪ʱȣÿʹһΣĸɶܴ֮ڣָɵҲǺԣһΣûǰһ˿Σ
ϾƣԹΪʩչƾҺڵİȡɰˡ
һǰȥܵˣٴγܲסֿʼСʱ֮ס
ֻһֱۣЦ˵ͷأ֮ףһƬ಻׵㣬ɫ˸̽룬Ȼ
׵֮£ֻһƬɫĺ󣬺ϷӿʱгԼɵòȴԵ̧ͷ­Į͸ײ㣬֡
ͲֿӲ֮أǻûн֮ڣڴˣԸϣ̬ʱˡ
ܵ˱ȱڽҪ˲䣬ֳ˳ڰգͷ·ŨܵĻȺ
ǲܽʶ֮ڣ޷뿪壬ƾʵͲܽ룬ʵ˵ħˣҲûǸ½
ܽߣڣֻһˣǾǻ˹֮еĺ췢ӣ
ֳĬĿǾ޴һ룬ҲѪ֮ء
췢ӣǱӡڴ˵أֻҪܳôƳȻڻ£˵Ƴ췢ӵĿҪֻҪ߳١
Ͼ֮ڣ֮Уһãôҡһ䣬յĴУɳΪµĹ
ֶѪ֮أģ¶һ˿΢Ц֮ͨǰּȻ²ΪԼ̻꣬ЩħʿŷһѰԼ
ôѰԼԭΪأĿںâһ뵽ǿҪΪ̻λ꣬ôӴλ꣬ĳ֣Υ
Ϊ̻֪꣬ڼ磬̻֮Ž޷أλ̻ô̻ǲɹ֮ǰͰλɵ
û̻£λܳɹһѾ̻ڣôӴλ꣬ȻϳпܣĳЩ£ǿиɡ
뵽̻괦һֵ״̬·˯һ㣬ܵһ飬ûκβһĵԼ˴𰸡
̻ĳ˯ȻΪɣĿľΪλУٴνһ̻꣬һУ͸©ԷһӴļƻ
ƻҪ̻꣬ɡ
ֻſԽͣΪһԼ̻꣬Щħʿһ˰Ѱҵԭ򡣱Ͼǵλֵķ»Ҫкܳʱ䡣
Ŀ°ǰһ⣬ЩħʿΪ˭
һĳЩ˵ܡжľԽıץһеֵķԽԽԼҪɢ¶ڵİء
ֶѪĿƽ˵ڣһ㣬ҿԲٿЩħʿѡĿܣǻ֮УѪڵĺ췢ӣ
ǴˣôѰ̻Ŀģˣ˰ѪķӡҲѡ
ֳĬкâһٴοѪһۣüһ㣬뵽ռڡ
ռڣȥ˾ͽ븸ĸһۣڸһٵλãϥ£Դᵤںٽռ䣬ѾǰʴһԵĸı䡣
ִ㲻򲻵ѣȥѰҺ췢ӴʶڼȻѾ˹ټвΪִʹ˱չأԪӤڡ
˫ۣʶʶ֮лϣģһ临Ŀھĵ׸֡
ĵһ㹦Ϊ׶ΣֱǶ顢Լ顣
ÿһ񣬴ӳһھͻԶתһھɳΪʱһ龳磬ʱͻƽڶ㣬ôͿԴǴﲻӤͻ˯һʱ䳬һޣĽɫҺɢʧȥ˷ֹ˿̽ıôȴģֻһ³ǾǱ˷ֺɶ
ѵһĿھо֮³һ˫ۣĿ¶˼֮ɫͨ⹦о֪˹Ӵԭ֮һ
ע壬ʹ÷˵壬õķӲ̶ȣ֮һЩ˵еķҲ˿
ڵص㣬ǰѻõȫϣһﵽܼ޺󣬱Ҫ壬ΪͣͲǰԽҪҲԽ࣬ﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬹ᾭһ飬һʱĹ̡
һһĴԽ࣬ΪҲԽǿҲԽǿ
ͬʱÿһε飬ΪʶߣڹУûйΪĻ֣Ϊصʶ֡
ʶǲٿֱۣһϳɼ޵еĹһ塣
ԶʱڣνǷһʱȻǳʷĳУʱգȻʧ٣ֻһЩԶŵĵ伮ڡ
ֿǰնУΪϣôٶȻҲǼ졣
ó̽һóһƷ
һö޵ǵħɱ󣬻õһᵤʿȫΪ֮
ֶ˵޵ӽУ޵ڣ̻һɰڱ
̰չһеĶ˫ɡ޵ʱȫգ˲䣬ֹסȫ䵽ڽ֮С
ڽתһС͵쫷磬ھѸߣҲʱ䣬޵̺ȫʧ
ûжôҪһö޵ҪɲſҲ߰˳ɰˣʣĲ֣֮ĵ
Ȼռڣһʱọ̃ҲҪʱգڣ൱ʵеһ˲䣬޵㱻һ˿©ȫա
йɵתת˫ۣĿоâ˸һö޵Ϊﵽ˽ᵤڵĶ壬ֻһͿɽڡ
̽봢ڣץһƿƿĽƵĵҩһڿУʱɿȥЩҩֻҪһ£̼ɢתڼ˲䣬ֹýա
һΪܿ죬ͻ˽ᵤڣһԾ˽ᵤڡ
ĿһϵóصһǾͨڣϣȡҺ
ҺֻһƿСɴ˿ɼ̶ȣĿǰΪֹõ֮ҩһ򿪰ƿ
һںڶʱɢһɻ֮УȻһѸתʱȥĸоĽ𵤣ȻԽԽɫԽҫۣתٶȣˡ
һҺպٴκһڡ
һ졢졢졭һֱºռ䣬ʱ޿̶ڱĿڹʱ̶ת
ƿڵҺֻʣ˲ʮΣڵĽ𵤣ﵽȭͷСڵɫ͸죬ÿһתھʹǣԪӤڣȴȻûͻơ
һǰַ˿ӽӤʵӤϧⵤҩֻý𵤵ɫ죬ȴ˿ûн飬תԪӤļ
̾˿֪˽ӤʱǷһӤԶ֮ǰҪϺܶࡣ
ʱڣҩȻ٣ҺҲʣ޼ĬƬ̺˾ͽ븸ĸ֮أŸĸصĿ˼ͷһһüģռ䡣
ʶ֮⣬ֵýʵ·ʶ̾һԭĴ㣬ǿԽҴﵽԪӤڣôлһԣ˵ƾ֮Уڽ˲䣬뿪ڡ
ڣûа취ա
Ȼ̧ͷĿкâ˸ڣǰֻһ·õıڴˣնħʿ׷ôֻһ
һץ˺һ϶˽ȥʱȻ뿪ѨѨ֮ĳλá
г˫⣬ѷϵİʶɢһڿѰЩħޣʱټ׷˲ƿն
ܿ죬һħʿܣǶ֣¶ЦһˣȻӣֺĵ˿ΪĸоȻ𣬶˵֣վץȥ
ɫ糣˫ƽңӳֵ˲䣬Цƽӵķӡˣ
ִ˻һܵħޣɫ糣˫ȴ¶һ˿졣һֲһ١
һ٣ֿĵȷţԼȷֻҪ֤һ㣬ǾЩħʿǱӡѪĺ췢ӡ
һٶȸ죬ץȥ
Ŀ¶âһ֮ǰѾֽţԷץôܵѷ˺ѣѸ뿪˵ءϾڣ˵Ϥĳ̶ȣûκ˱ȵù˲֮еˡ
ƽңڶԷֺûκħʿֹôҲ˵жϳ˴󣬶Է̻꣬
ӵ֣ץ˲䣬һȻ
ס֣
˲䣬ͬһֻεĴץסһ㣬ѸȥںɫѪҺŰڵϣû¶Թɫǹ˵μĿˡ
ͬʱеħޣҲǰڵء
ʱƻħɢ˴ƵӣԶһΣǰʮɴ˫ۣ֡
ĿƽӶԷ
Ȼ̻꣬ܺãߣӳ˵꣬һΣʱһԼаɳľ޴ѷ죬ȻڰС


һپʮ ֮
һۣƮƮķѷ졣ֳĬ˵ǰһͣѷڡ
Щħʿһ廯Ʈϸ̣һһ
ǸҪ˲䣬ѷͻȻ£Ƽ죬գۼ䣬ѷʧӰĿ⣬ûκʿ롣
ռѷ£Ȼ֣ʱչǰģǰѪһ͸ϺɫâĿռ䡣
˴ռ䲻ԼаңܸǵλãƮһЩ͹ķ֮⣬ӷϻɢ
ÿһԱߣϥһʿĿһǱΣδħһɨ֮£˵ʿĿоˡ
ڶ˽˲䣬Եʿ׷˫ۣһ˫ԷϴʱһɫâЩҫ
ĿȻתĿ˸֡
˺󼸲˫ͫһַ˴ϣŶԷǰһ֮ǰļźܴƫ
ʱܷԵľŸʿеһˣͺȵĿ֧Ų˶ãֻʱ䣬㾡콻
Ŀ˫һ⣬֣СһȻѾΪλҪ
üͷ΢壬ŶԷſҪ˵ȴȻһץָϵķԹڣڹߵķ
ѷһ֣ûˣǷ϶̱һӷϹУ˲ɢ
Ŀɫƽûκα顣
ĵһŶԷ˵Ϊ뿪֮أ
Ŀ˵裬СӣҸ㣬һɭӡ򿪣˵ˣȫֻһ˿뿪һĸߴĺʿüͷڷԴȵ
ʮһ򣬱Ǵ㿪ٶû뵽ִ˵ؾȻйϢҵ֮̽£֮ǽɭʿΪǿҵȼϣҲĵ֡췢ټ죬һ˵꣬Աһʿ̧ͷɭɭļ˵
ɭδɱҵȣֿҵȽ֮أ˶֮˽⼫͸ָƣĻ˵ע֮Ѿܾãϧȴһϣ⡣
ٺ٣ҵһƳ˹أмСܴڴУջ󼫴ҵȻ򲻹ȴһֽδʹã˽һǴˣҵҲаȡʤֻ˽ʹúҵΪ𡣡
һ·ڣĻҵҲǺúŪ֮ˣ˴зյҲƳ˵ǹأһ̫죬Ƴǹأĳַӡӡ󣬺ķǲʱ䣬ȻǹĳʩչǴ˶ӡ˽⣬ָƣҵҲƳĵӡƳ֮ҵԸоԳƽɭ֮ˣԱЩһˣ˵ʲôط˱仯
ɹĽ˹ڣͿ˾ȻţȻд¡ѨڣǷ֮УϧǴиûȥԶɢıá
˻˹֮к󣬺ȻЦʱʶȻһˣչһսʱӹһĻˣǹʶľ˵һйֶΣ˺ƾָƣǾ˰䣬һΪһ뻯һʩչһǿ֮ͨ
ȻⷨЩİҼǵʱ˵һ仰ĶûҲ˽ġȻ֮ͨ˲֪ͨһ˲䣬ʶǧݣȫڣչ˳ǧķӡӲקһƬѪ䳹׷ӡס
ԭΪһжѾǲڴ˶æԭ·뿪جΣȴһ̿ʼʮһˣһ˳ɹ뿪֮⣬µʮˣȫͻȻֵĿռѷħ֮ץסѪ֮ڡ
ɭʵڿ£ǶǧķӡȻڶ̶̵ʱڣ㱻뵽ƳķЩӡʵϾǹͿ˾һʶӲǰʶҵʮڣÿһ
˺ÿǧأżʿˣÿζᱻסɢڷӡʶÿδ֮ˣնһֻԵɺ£֮أԱԷ´
ʿԽԽ࣬˵ķӡҲԽԽ٣ںЩʿҵȲͬΪӲںһʶһͬɢſںһһɭķӡƽ⣬ԽԽ
ɴţЧ󣬾ȻֱһƳӡķǾ̻꣡
֮ǰ̻Ǻﶼ֪ɴȴƺָƣǲЩʿΪץ̻̻꣬ķӡʶ
Чϧ̻һ󣬾Ҫʼ˯ôһ޷˵Ȼһ̻ͷǱʹߴˣһλ꣬ط£̻
ԭʹߴ˳ɹ̻꣬Ҫܳʱ䣬ڣˣһо˱ʡ
ʮˣһݳƣ·ǴӷĹʼû˵⣬ȫˣһһ˵֮£Ȼľĵȴδȫš
Ҫһ㣬ʼиʣǾɭݣΪλ֮ϤҵĹ۲죬Լи²⣬ɭǵͬ࣬пܣǹͿ˾һ˿Թ۶ɵаħ֮һ仰ǶĿ˵ɫ糣Ŀڡ
ֻ֮УôЩ٣Ȼ֪ڣ˺ŵһĻֵɫɵñһ¡
ֻ²⣬ŷϵǽڣΪλϤƳһصķӡΪλоЩͬǷӡͬʿаħʱӡħ֮ءҲˣΪιʶ˵һйָͨƵԭ򡣱Ͼ֮Уûκεãֻлȫ֮󣬲ſӵйһеĲ²⣬ȫָһ㣬˵ݣǹͿ˾˵ǹħͿ˾
ĿĻһ䣬ֵ˿ĿĬ
ҵʵûҪƭ㣬óȻѪô³ǵص̻һֻΪƽӡĹߣӡʱڡ
ֳĬƬ̣Цڣ֮ʱҲʶɢ֮ʱɣ˵棬Ѫ֮һ⿪ӡǵһȻջطʶ
ĿһĬ
ʱʮУǸʼû˵ߣһƽ˵ѹȻɭɹں֮У˹ȫΪ󣬵ȷջҵϵķʶӶʶôʶҵںΨһջطʶҲ͵ǵʶѣǣǰԼΣҵҲװװæͬ⣬ôҵк
ֲΪԳԷ˵мɿš
Ŀ˫ۺâһȵСĪҪΪҵȱҪ㣬˰Ūʱһɢʡ»
ʱ쵽ˣ˵Ķ˵ˣȻڤ粻飬ҵȲʩչƣһ˵в㣬ʤڲٿ磬Ҳʡ¡һɭʿһЦ
һ˿֮ɫǽãôЩϼһԲ˵ô࣬Ǹһ棬ʩչƲٿء
һ²ԷʩչƵԭûκνƣǽɭĺ췢ǰΡ
Щ˵ĿģҲô򵥣пħɢһص⡣
ôĿƽ˵
ƵߣֵĻһûʱ꣬ѯ֮£Ȼ侲֮ˣײᱻ򶯡
Ѫ򿪷ӡɭȻֱӽʶ֮Ҫʶڣʩչһ׷ô򵥣ⷨҲԸ㣬ǵǹʶľʩչķӡ֮ҵоɰտԳɹʩչտߵ߳ɣϾ̻꣬ʱڵЩʶȻⷨĿƽ˵
Ц˵ᵤΪҪӡɭֱǳ˵Σ
߹һЦ˵ȻӡɵЩʶӶٴδʶʶʱҵȵƲ⣬ٴαɷӡ׵İɭס
Ӧô۳ɰܣҶһҵʮ˵ѾǧãҵȴһЩ伮ڷã֪˷֮ΪԪȦκ࣬ɶʱٿأȴֻҪڵ㹻ôޣֻҪȦסҲɶʱΪãֻȦʹʱҪű֮޵ǿ̶ȶסޣҪ޷󣬵ҵȵõʵһΣϧʧܣ޵ڶʵ飬ͱɭ


һپʮ Ѫӡ
ɫ糣ĵȴЦҡҡͷ˵
Ŀ˫ۺâһҪ˵ȴǰһ֣˵ԪȦȻڴ˵бһǻ⣬ҵҲò֮
ĿƽЩɢϹķһۣû˵
ҵȱ޷㣬ɣҿԸʮ鼫Ʒʯò߳˵
Ҳ̫ϾǰЩ˵Ϊɲ⣬ĵ֮ĵƣҲ򶨡
һٿ飡ƽ˵
ܣû˵Ŀһȵ˵Ŀ⣬ҲĶ֡
ֲΪֻƽߣȴԷĴ𸴡
߳Ƭ̣˵ʮ飬Ǽˣ⼫ƷʯҲ࣬㻹ǲܽܣôҵֻܲȡֶΣ
ɫ糣һﲻ֡
ǰһ㣬ʱһâ˸һɢϢͭȦУǰһ˦ֽס
ɨһۣͭȦСͬϿڶĿޣէһЩһһ㡣
ʶһ̽һͭȦ֮ڣ߸ܵڴ֮ʶɵһջء
ɫͭȦֿߡ
ߴʱУһɫĴ֣סһ治಻٣ķŶʮεļƷʯӴں֮
ڵļƷʯԼְǻɫڵϣһһ⣬ӡѪ˺ô뿪
ʻɻһֱڵȶԷ⣬ǶԷʣҪ
ܼ򵥣ɭٴηӡ󣬵ʱҵҲҪ뿪ֻһеĹؼҪʶڲʩչʱһͬ뿪
ЦȻȷţԷ֮ǰ˵棬ôĿģȻʶڵĹ֮С
²ţǴҪûʮְտ뿪ôһжǿջĿ¶â˵
üͷ΢壬ϷȻӦ㣬;Ȼʳԡ
ֲΪҡҡͷ˵ǰǸˣӦŲŶԣ¹£ȷŵİգͬӡҲ˼ɣǺѷȫʵ
ĿߣĿ¶ɱɭ˵Сȥ̫ˣҵȼȻӦ㣬ǲţôҲô鷳Ϸһ̣Ҳȴ˵ţȻӳʱڰлһֻڵĴ֣ſ֮ݺݵȥ
Ŀкâ˸ǴһֻۣǶߣһﲻ
Ǿ޴ƣͷ֮ͣһӣĿջƣĶ֡
Ҫʲôü΢˶Ŀһۣ˵
ֿܵķ˵ЩȻǵıȥȻ˫ַϣظλǰҲᵣᵤڣб°ЩΪаɡ
߶֣֮¶һ˿΢Ц˵ͷһ٣ʱʮһһץУϸԴ¼ӡӸ֡
ֶ˵ӹʮ󣬿һۣǵóһ˽ȥպá
ʱ˴ռ䣬ûʮϹ֣ʱʼɢĿһۣһץʱǰһɳѷ죬˺󼸲ÿӡ
ɫƽǰȥѷ֮ڡ
֮󣬶Ŀ¶֮ɫ硭
ұ죡ɫһ䣬ʱƽͣǳһɫĿ˶Ŀһۣһ˦ӣ߽ѷڡ
༸ˣĿ֮⣬׷Ž룬һˣҲǸʼɫɭĺӣڽѷ֮ǰͷ˵Ŀ㻹ôСǶǵĿģ֪ˣղŵȡ裡ϾҵܷԸȫˣȴ꣬ϧʹߴ˶ɭĹҲ鷳
˵꣬һ̤ѷڣĿĬ˽ȥ
϶չǰģһƬѪɫ磬һ׶ʯĿԶǸ޴ͨʯ˫ͫһ¡˵أȻѪ
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ʱ½ħʿع飬оͰ˶ĿˡڽѪ󣬱һΣһʯϣϥ£һﲻ
ǽ˵صħʿһҵԵλãĿֿͣ
ȫϥţΩһˣƮڰա
Ŀһɨ˵ʿڶ࣬ҲǧˣЩ棬ֿӡľԽħɢˡ
ʱǺ췢ԵУһѷ죬һӣһ˳ֺ󣬵һ۾Ϳ֣¶ϲ֮ɫ췢ӹˣ̻꣡˵꣬һͣԱһʯ¡
һ۱ϳӴλꡣ
һƬžȻһɳƵӺ췢ӿд
̻ꡭ͵̧ͷʱѪȻһܵʯðѪ֮䣬һ̣Ѫǡ
Ŀħҷ͸֮ɫֶ
ֶʱоһεĽƣڶԷĿ۵˲䣬ܲÿ壬޷ƶ֡
ʶΪҴ򿪷ӡ췢˵꣬üĴһץ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫӲڳһâǺâһ֣̻һѪ⣬Ʈǰһ
âӴ˼ڴðϢƽ
ܵħʿһתĿ⣬Ǻâ¶־̰ĸӱ顣
췢ӣ˫͸ͷҷ֣Ŀ䡣
ҿ԰㣬ƳӡҪ뿪ĵ侪ȴƽû˿֮ɫƽ˵
췢΢˵ͷ
ֽĿǺһۣʶʱһԾһŴڣȻѺâɡ
һҵĴʹУ̴ʶڴ΢֮Ǵʹвʧ̲ԼʶȻʹһ
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һԼûκ˿Բ˲֮С
Ǻâ֮ǰӶĿ֮ţǹһʶǱˣԴ˾£Ϊ޷ٿأ˵Ϊ̻ԣɡ
ʶɺ󣬺췢һﲻ˫Ŀ䣬֣֮Ŀڵ̻꣬ȴûˣǿһʶҲ⡣λ꣬ˣ
λ껯ӣһ¶ԥ֮ɫܿ죬¶ϣ˵꣬һüģ̲Ĳ˲٣ʱһӨ͸˸âĹ򣬴üȻð˳
һ̱޷άΣʶ״̬˺һٴΣȴǴڰ͸״
Ŀ˸˵ʶһӵϣס̺˴λӴĻܣûκ谭˰ʱ䣬ոɾ
ԸоԼʶȻӴ
췢һĬ󣬻˵λ꣬
λ̲Цû뵽Ϊ̻꣬Ȼûлˣ֪ˣ˵ʲôҲϱˣԼ³Ҵ̻겻֪ΪΣγɻĻܾȻ˾޴һȻ޷ˡ
Ҫ֪ˣ̻һ̶Ⱥյλ꽥࣬Ȼһ̻ĺģһ˵̻꣬ڽ̻ĵһʱ䣬ɴλ꣬ԼٶȲˣûĸ̻꣬Լûл˵״̬̫á
л˵̻ûȣλϣֻо߱˻ˣſλꡣ
λӲЦһٴһüģδ֣ӱһΣûΣ֮һ˸âĻ򣬲õλڳ
ʱϢȻֹĵ䣬Ծɱ֮Ѱλǿ󣬵ȴ֮ǰ̫
ĿʶٴӿգһΣĸоʶһ˿ĲͬʶĴСȴԼһСĿ
췢üͷ΢壬̻ûлˣ޷̫ķʶǰ򣬾ȻֻǴﵽ˵ĵһ
Ҫ֪򣬼൱λȫĻˡ
Ŀ΢̧һλ꣬λ̲ҺһõӼӲٴһ˸âĻ򣬱һץ֮£֡
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˵ŻԸоʶСĿٵı󣬺ܿ죬ﵽָ׸ǴС
ʱһĸоӿУļʶȻȫȫڽָ׸ǴСԲڣԲʧüĴ
˫Ŀ˸һ˿âʵֱڣһϵ̻꣬߱˿λ
һУڻγɵ˲䣬ͬĳִһ㣬ĵˡ
췢ջĿ⣬ǰһӣʱһռѷ죬ڰУһץѪȻţһ޴֮ӰĴǿռѷ¶˳
Ӱһ̴ϸܵһ˿̻ϢȻӰǵص̻ꡣ
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һ䣬ʱһâڱƳЩâ࣬һ֣ǻ鼸һɫ쫷磬ɢ֮⡣
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̻꣬ʮâư壬Ȼ͸âȻҪһʱ޷ɡ
췢¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫĿ͸ҷֿ
ȻףΪҪ̻һ̻꣬ôܸո·ʶûȫͻиķʶӡѪ»ûһܶʼ˷ӡ޷ȫƳ÷ʶԽԽࡣ
֮䣬Ҫһ壬ֻϵ̻꣬£һ˿ܣԣ̫С


һپʮ ӡ
Ŀ˸üĴָ׸ǴСĻ˶ʱֳͬʱʶȻԼٶȣѸںһƣÿһâɣתۼ䣬ʮâʧں췢⡣
ʱ̻Ȼڷʶʶ˺˲䣬ٴѭ֮󣬺췢ߵĺâȻԾɱѪһЩȴҲ˺ܶࡣ
ȻѪ䣬ҲҪһʱ䣬һ췢˫¶һ˿ɣڷʶƳһУҪʹ࣬ۿЧЩʹ༴ٶʮҲȻĸԸ
ʱȥѪܵЩħʿһĿǰһĻ׷סڶĿˣҲĵ׽ţܷ򿪷ӡǺļƻžԵãһշӡûд򿪣ôºļƻôܣҲȫṦһ
ʱţ췢ߵĺâתٶԽԽ죬ȴһֱڳ٣ʱͺ˳ʱıƷʶ壬˵ҲҪĸɣɫȫͬһɫ棬Ϣ䶯һ㡣
ʱڶħУħɢ˵ͷĵһ˿ʣѾ࣬ϧȴĹͷƻеѪʱۿ췢ӷӡƽļо֮
һ췢ӷӡƣʶ֮УȻᷢ⴫ȱ֮һʱԶԷֻͨҪʩչ֪Լߵֽţʱȴֻ·һ
֮ǰ֮Ը˴󵨣Ϊ췢ӱӡѪڣ޷֪һ飬ֻѪ֮ڣŲơ
ħɢĵ׿Ц̧ͷһۣİ֪̾Լͽһ˵֮ˣû뵽Ϊļ㣬ȴú췢˽⿪ӡһ졣ǧǰûħ뿪ô˵޷õ֮Уȴϡ
һУνѭ
ħɢٴΰ̾ܿ죬Ŀһ˶ĿʮһۣĵԹ޽г˼
ħɢ˵˼Ͽκζߣıٴ䣬ɫҲȻǴݲȡ
췢ӿЩ˵ֶΣ޷ǾǷʶںϣӶӡħɢ֮ԿԱǣĹкܴԭ򣬳ħ⣬һصĿھھһ֮ʱżȻá
ھûдڸκˣħҲ֪ھĴڣΪھ֮£ڱ췢ס󣬷ʶ˲䣬ȻϢδʶںϣӶѹڡ
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ĿܣʮѪս
ħɢһʮԼϣôѪ˷ӡ֮ʱȻҲǶ̣֮ˣôҲлһ
뵽ħɢȻĶѹĵ궯ϸ۲
ÿһʶ˾ͻ仯ģŻһж֮С
̻֮ϣҲĬ췢ϵķʶУɫ䵭ڵķʶԽԽ١
ʱͻȻѪȻеѪȫƮ𣬺ڰջһǧķʶ͵ź췢ϯȥ
ͻıʣ˶ֲֶ˵ʶϵ˿ܵ
ʱ췢ӵͺһ˫ǰѸٻһȦһʱһɿ͵ˣɢתۼ֮ڣγһʹĻ
ڹĻ⣬ЩʶȻϣ
췢͵̧ͷ֮Ũ˼㣬Ϳ˾ӡסɭ
˵ţһץʱܾһħʿӲķ¶֮ɫδü˵ӱ̷ɵʹĻ֮ϣʱʮʶһ塣
˲ҽ˫ֲϵ˺ץգۼ䣬ȫѪģ
Ҫ֪˵ʿ壬һʶ޷ܣȴʮͬʱ壬ȴĺֻһ;
ּ˵Ĺ뷽ʽǺ췢ϲΪһûκκôʿֻҪһڵķʶٴλع飬˵𲻵κƽӡá
ȴһʱƽӡڼǲǿʩɢʶôһʹĻ飬Щʶ̽ڣ֮ǰһоٶ֮
췢޶ãָ黭һɫȻ֣ӡħʿϣһ˲䣬γһâס
ţ췢˫¶һ˿â˫֮£ʿӷ𣬱ںʶֱâ״֮ǰһѪģ
ְľʱһʿ췢Ӹץס¶֣ܿ죬¶һ˿ϵĺݶ֮ɫ˫ͻȻ任Ȼԭʧʮ֮⡣
һ֣һץ˺ѿռ䣬Ȼ˽ȥ
췢˫¶âδֹֻ¶һ˿Цüһ㣬£
ʱһʿڽѷ˲䣬ͻȻѪĽһϺɫķʶ̳֣Ѹٷɵ췢ʹĻϣʶһͬ뵽С
췢Ŀ˸˫Ȼſͺһץʱϰٸħʿȫһ¶־֮ɫҲһЩʿɫ˽Ȼ෴͸һɽ֮⣬ڷɵʹĻ˲䣬㱻ʶ壬³֮ǰһһ
ϰ˵Ļ壬ʹĻķʶһС룬ֻʱʹĻȻ֮ǰ̣ʼζƺʱ顣
췢Ӷ˵˫ٴץһΣٶ˱ץЩУͻȻаѸԸͨѶһеԶߣм䣬Ǹ˺϶˽ȥ
ͬʱҲһԾȥץռѷ죬Ӽ̽룬һʧ
췢ЦʢûղǰЩʿԿһۺ󣬱ջĿ⣬˵ɱЩףЩʶع飬Ѿ̫ι̵ʹĻɲСӰ졣
ɱЩˣһʱ
һֱ̬ķչ֪Ǻ췢Ӳ֣ܶϾɣȻҪ֮ӵЩħʿУûжĿʮˣʮϾʯ׶ϣκα顣
ʱǽİٸʿĲ䣬ʹĻһֺâȻȫ뵽ڣʹĻ֮⣬ƯŽӽİٸɫȦÿһȦ֮ڣһѪģʿǵڣֱںʮʶ
췢Ŀ䣬ɨ˵ʣǼٸʿһۣʱʿɫ΢Ȼץռ϶Ѹתڡ
췢Цͬûȥ׷ǿ̻꣬ͺȵ̣
ư̻꣬ðȻһһŴڣȻʹĻĺâȥʮâҪˣʱ췢û΢壬֪ѭѭôпٴѪڵķӡϯ
¶һ˿ݶ֮ɫͻȻһץץסҪϢ̻꣬
̻һԥſʮʶɺ췢Ȼ㣬ҧʳָջķţ棬һŶʱ˸Ŵ͸ʹĻѸӡ̻֮ϡ
һ˲䣬̷֣̻ϢͻȻÿһɢ
㡭سŵ
췢ſһʣµṈ̀УĳβسŵˣֻвٿضѣֻҪΪҴ򿪷ӡҾù֮ΪΣ뿪磬ڣҼ̣
һ䣬Ǹոձµķţڶͷ˸˼£ͬʱ̻ƵӰϣҲַͬţͬʱ˸
ţ̻ͬܿư㣬һһâɣܿ죬õ¶ɫռΪһƬɫơ
ĸо̻괫ʹȻ̫࣬ܳܵļޣٳȥôп֮ǰЩʿһޱȵ³
ʱ췢˫¶âĿͶ֡
ɫ糣ʶȻһѸں췢ʹĻ֮һΣɵٶȺܿ죬ʮԸоһ˿ͣûͣ£Ǽɡ
ȴתƾʶ֮ϵɿ
ʱ췢ʹĻζԽӾңȻʱܱĺâʶȴȻһС̻ɣ޷ڶʱȫ̵
ʱѪڵʯ׶˺췢µǸ֮⣬ȫͬһʱ䣬һѣɫĩȻ¶âзʶۡ
ʯ׶ѵ˲䣬Щʿ׷Ծ𣬶˿
췢ɫһһҧ˫Ѹһ죬̴ʣĽʿУץˣ˵קʹĻ
һ˲䣬ʹĻһ£鿪ˣЩâҲڹĻѵ˲䣬췢֮ͨӲĹ䵽Щʿڡ


һپʮ ɵ
ʹĻɢ˲䣬ʯ׶۶ɵĺɫĩȻâһɲǣ췢ӵ⣬ûκκâʵڴʱڣʶķӡҲȫɢ
˵ʱѾʱƳ˷ӡ˫Ŀ˸֮â˫Ѹһ٣͵һ˺
ʱһ޴ѷ죬λõϷ϶ڳֵ˲䣬ɫƮɢһЩ
ɫּΪϤһ۾ϳʶ⣬Ǻܵ㡣
ʱƮɢĺɫĩںâ˸ٴλʶź췢ȥǱЩʶУô֮ǰһḶ֮
췢Ŀ¶һ˿âЩʶٴΰԼӡ˺ѷеͺȵͿ˾ɭ֮ٻ屾֮ì֣
һ䣬ʱһѺɫĳëͬһ㣬ѷڵĻɫУȻһǰⳤì΢΢һ٣ܿ䵽췢С
ڴסì˲䣬һͻȻص𣬽ţµͨʯ׶̴ѣһ̲ʯ̮γһСɽ
ڴˣȻƮڰգ˫Ŀ˸֮ɫЩĺâ޶ãгìһɨ֮£ʱЩķʶȫͣӲıʮ֮⡣
ͬʱųìһԾѷڳȥʱĿʮˣֽ׵ߣ˫Ȼ¶֮ɫ˴˶˵æԾ𣬽ѷ졣
·ʱɨһۣһͷʶ壬һȻһѷڡ
ͬģЩҴħʿҲ׷׺ԥĸں档
ѷ̷֣֮ʶ֮⣬ǵ·ǵֳԴԲʶ
ʶһΪһѪһ
Ŀ˸ڽѷʱһֱСģһɨֶĿվλãԼԼѺ췢Χм䡣
λúϸҲʲôߣ־þۣ£ʱһ۱㿴еɵ㡣
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췢Ӵʱվ֮ϣЦͿ˾סң˵һ˿ħȻôߴУ͸ùң˵ţ沿гìȻһӡ
ʱʶĻɫһ¶һĹ֡ܵ䣬Ѹ
⹵ּһۿײƵĺ¡ڻһ㡣
Ϳ˾ı֮ìѾ˳ңĴУֻʸãɭĺȵֳìٴһӡ
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췢ǰһɨ¶һ˿Цܿ죬֮ף˴һƬƲ㣬ɫ׵˸ϡ
췢Ӷ˵гìǰȻһӣʱǳìһĺǰȥתۼƲ֮ڣʱ׵ɫһĺ¡
췢ûκͣ٣׷ì뵽ɫƲ֮Уʱ޾ɫ׵磬ƲȻ֣ȫϡ
Щϵĺ£ɭγһ׵֮ȦûκβʣЦ
ֶź췢ӣͫһļǵãڵڶؽ֮ɽʱֵɫ׵磬˵׵һһ
Ŀ˸ٶ΢һʱ֮׵ߵͳСѣôˡ
ֲδͷʵϴ뿪Ѫ֮ʮϼһһֱ޵ĶȻΪ˷ֹͻȻԡ
ʱٶֻ߱ʻɴ˿ɼǶڽҪʩչļƻΪӡ
ֲ֪ΪʲôôǿҵģɭĴڣѾ⣬뿪ԼĵһĿꡣ
֮ڣ췢˫ŹŹֵķͺȵͿ˾ɭ֮ٻ£֣
˻һ䣬˫еķֶʱ뵽Ʋ֮ڣţܵƲѸС׵ҲԽԽ٣Ʋ㻯һѲ䵶˺췢С
һۺſһ̣ǲ䵶ʱСС
ɫ֮£ϵƲ㣬Ʋ֮£һƬڵĺǹͿ˾ʶһΪһʶ
䵶¶˷֮ɫͷŽһƬɫĺ̳
ӳ˲䣬һҵȻڴһ峤ɣԷͻȻڳ֣һ֮£ʱˡ
ţ޴ͷ­̽˳ɭɭĿ⣬Ķź췢ӡ
ɭ˴һۣüͷ΢壬ȵϣҶϲô
ǳ׵ӻ䶯ڲٴξҷɭȻԡ
ɭīʱһ˿ħǣҪʱͻȻѣҲʧܣװ˷Ԫ޷ٴޣӶա
ɭһɭһҺθɣͿ˾Դͼɵ֮ͨˣܲħҷʶһ̣ѾңҵҪлˣ֮ʱɢ̣֮
˫Ŀâһ˵ǰҪػ֮֮⣬ûҵκ˶ܽ봫֮С
֮Ѿãֻʣ֮УͿ˾ļ䣬Ҫ֮ã֪һУȫ֪ǸĴзƣ׿֮еΨһǵõĴУҺα鷳ñ㣬Ѫô꣡췢гìǰһӡ
ʱһɫȻԽԽ󷢳Х֮ȥ
ֿǰһĻĵײɵһ˿ɻǰӵ˵֮ػô֮ǰħɢ˴ͨ͵ȡ֮ʱΪûзΣգֱ֮бȡʱҲûκδֵļ
ֵͷһۣĵɻأüͷ΢壬ɫİԴ߶ʶ֮лĹմеļ䣬֮ߣֻҪʶתУһ뿪
ɵĮĶź췢ӣǺХ޶ãֻ˲䣬ͷȻһ飬ײ֮ϡ


һپʮ 
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ʶȻ߶֮Уţĵһ֮ûκηӦƾ뿪˵أȴûκα仯
Ŀ֮ǰɣʱ֮ЧĵȻ֪˵أпܣʶ
һ֮ǰһŬȫֺ֮âܿ죬Ŀָ糣֪һоѰõǲ֮أͿ˾ʶһΪѪǧȷ顣
˵أȻҲʶΪʲô֮ڴ˵أʧЧء
Ŀ˸¿ͻȻĿ⣬ﱳϵһƬϣĵһ˿
ĵһǿƬλεļСղִ߶֮ʱƬϣܵһ˿΢ٻ
ٻ΢ȴɺ֮УһƬڶȻǬ
Ŀֲδ̧ʳָһһӣʱһϸСѷ죬һšֵСأټѷʧһ˲䣬ԣҲûע⡣
ĵ԰ѷĳ֣ʾŴ˵ؿʹ֮жصƶʽ
ʶɨһĴĵЦϵĴܶ࣬ĵģʮ˵ıԼȦǶʮƷʯĵҲһֱ衣
Ųţʮϼһ˸ɴİЩԼ֮ǰ֮ô˵Իİˡ
йνѷľ飬ֺͷ֣֮ڵķ򿪵ѷ죬ǽ󣬱̴һ߳м䣬һ̵Ŀհ״ڳ˻ҵϢֹһʶ롣
һΣȡһѷɽʶѷڣǷɽڽ϶˲䣬ʧ˶ĸӦֻдһ߳󣬲²ϵ
ĵ׳ǰѷһúãյЧ
ֲɫİȦƷʯʮֱĴ˳򣬷ڡ
ʱͻ
Ŀʮ໥ۺΪף˫һ֣˴һͼΣɭΧڡ
ɭĿ䣬ɨ˶Ŀʮһۣ¶һ˿Ц˵ʮô꣬ҵ˻ᣬܺã
ֽ׵ߣɫ˵˫任֮ģˣǵ־任ԽԽ졣
˴֮ӵĲͼΣȻѸɭȥ
ɭЦջĿ⣬˵ϵһΣҪٴηӡˣ
ﶢɭƽ˵ӡ㣬ʮ˹֮У˾޴ջ󣬻˭Ҳͬ⡣
ɭ˿ѸԼĲͼΣЦìȻǰһӣʱһƿͻȻ֣һƾճܣǲͼΣȥ
ţ췢һͷʮͷߣĺȵ
ɫһ䣬â˸һ˿˿ҵϢɢԼСкȵɢ
ʱ˸ĺâͻȻйʱ˿̣ܵľˣ̬أзһ䣬״
ǺâһΪţɾŵһһ뵽ڣʱܵľˣÿڶ˸ĺâţֺȵϣ
˲䣬ڵĺâѸɿϾΪһصڣںâعɲǣһΣһںɫѪҺɫʱ԰ɭЦɭϷȻɱ㣬ȻƳʶķУѾã
һ˵ʵϣҲͼϢʱѡ
ɭ¶ЦԼüģĿʣϣһһɨеͺȵ
Ŀȵ
ɭһ֣ԼЩӡǵʮһУӳԼץˡ
ʱУȻһЦȻ֮ǰһˣֻſ죬³оӣо֮ϣȻһ
оϣ޷죬ͬǼһ㣬ĳ֣мѿⷭ𣬶ʱڣȻֳһͷ­
ͷ­üĿ㣬һ㣬Ω˫ۣ¶аĹâĶɭ³һĿھ
ھ̻ʮԲιȦ˲ʮ⣬ɭʶԱֶΣ׵ʧȥá
ɭ͵ػͷоϵͷ­ɫ˵֮Ωûץ㣬Ϊ㱻ȣ
ͷ­ѿǣ˫¶Թ֮ɫϺ⣬һһ˵ƭҵʮһΪƳͿ˾ķӡӶָɣǴĴ󣬽죬󽫻᳹Ĩɱ֮л֮Уǵģ
ɭӶгìĿ䣬¶һ˿޵ĳ֮ɫƽ˵ʮѱ䣬Ǭôаɣʲôó˵ţ۽޵ɨһԶս֮ԼЩǰһĻŪĴڵħʿ
оӽһͷ­Ц֪ģ˵ţ֪Ժַʽ﹵ͨȻ䣬ͻȻһڷ˦ƶ֮£ȻɭΪĵ㣬̳һ
֮ڣǱìĺڼʮ֮ĲͼΡ
һɭΧס
ɭĿƽԴſ³һϹ⣬ǲ䵶̳֣֣һɭֳìյ໥䣬ȻԻ
ʱסĲͼΣһΣɢļ
ɭĿһ˫ָ黭ʱ䵶ìͨһͬǣȻײܵͼԵ
ʮУˣѪӲЩƲס
Σһ̣ͻȻһͷˣٹһ͹㣬һȫƬӣȻ͹˫ͫףɢ˵Ϣ
˳ֺ󣬿дһХХΪ񣬻һѰε˷Ĵ򱻰Χĵɭ
ʱʮеǸߣ̬أͷʱʮӶɵĲͼΣȫʮά֣ÿһλζͷ֣мٵĵͺȵСѣ֣
ɫɭֵ߳ĵһʱ䣬ֱһֱ۲ˣʼգƽҡ
ʱߵĻȻһȥɫһϲҪ˵ͻȻǰķͻȻһۣһһƹٵԱＲ۶ȥ
ֲŲܱ˵ĿֻһǾǰϣǸΪƬʵϴһʼûȥνķӡ飬ΪûǸʵ
ɫʱһ˫ַǰʳָĴָһϳһͼе֮ɣ
ͬʱոµ˲䣬ͻȻǰһ˺ʱǰһѷ죬ٶȼ죬תۼ˽ȥ


һپʮ 
վϵӣ͵ػͷʧλã¶һ˿Ź֮ɫаܡ
ֽѷ˲䣬ǰߵʮ˱ƷʯȦͬʱ˸
ֻ˸ѷ󣬱·һεһ㡣
ʵ֪ߵ˵ĻȻܰװȰƷԼȻᰵһЩֽţԱʱʹã𵽼ӿƵЧ
ڵõЩƷֱһֱСĽѷʶĿհ״ΪֶܵΡ
ӽѷ˲䣬ɫһ䣬Ȼǲʶ谭
ʱɭǳ֮ŨͺһʳһʱһɢâĹȦȻ֣ɢȥţδͣȦܺƺƵƶȥ
ΧĲͼΣ̾ҵĲϾ˼֣æ񣬿ǲͼΡ
վϣӵ˫ĳӣһ˵һĶͷʱһΪһȻʮɵĲͼΧ˲䣬˫ŷӾȻ谭һ롣
˳ĽںĿ˸˫գʱһ֮ìУⳤìɭìһһֻǻӰѡ
ɢѹȴǰ㲻֮ìֺ󣬴̳ìϣɭսһ
ǲͼ֮⣬һƮһԣ˫ֲϵı仯һɫ򣬽־ı任ۡ
ЩԽԽ࣬һ˿˿ɫ˸ӣɢϢ
Ƿϣӵͫ׵˫ۣȴǰĳƬһɨܵĹ۲ܡ
һУڼ̵ʱڷʧѷ˲䡣߸ոһתעȫάǲͼμӹϣһߣ֮⣬Ȼһѷ졣
һݵӰͻȻѷһ
һ˲䣬˫۵ĳӣ̲¶һ˿ݶ֮ɫһĶãһȹ̲ͼΣһ̧ʳָգҪǴѷڳֵӰ֮ϣͻȻ̬һ¶һ˿ЦӰϣûиܵ㱾Ϣ
˫۵ӣǿһۣһӣߵ򣬶ʱһСȻ׶ݶǳѷӰϺȥ
ܿ죬üͷһ壬տЩȥı䷽򣬵ʱݵӰͻȻٶһ죬㣬ײȥ
ݵӰٶȼ죬˲ײϣУӰɢһֻֻƴССޣĺУȫɢ
ͬʱ׻˲䣬Ĺɺɫ쫷磬ͻȻѷһ
쫷죬ƺӰ˫¶һ˿֮âϸһۺ¶һ˿Щ쫷֮ڣЩҵʶ֮⣬ûֵӰһУʾΪԻİˡ
һӣʱٴηɳһ֣һΣƹĵ磬Ŀ꣬ǵѷ졣
ߣҲǱͬ㣬㣬ָѷ졣
һĵ쫷磬˳ĳѸٷ֮ءܿ죬쫷֮⡣
ʱЩȻѷ֮ϣѷһУСճ׵ʧ
˫۵ӣһ֮£˫ּһӣȻȫĵ쫷ȥͬʱ˲ÿɭսķһҪ쫷ȥ
ʱΧĵɭĿһ쫷ڷ¶һ˿һЦ˿˼ֳӰ֮ìķ临ĿھӶʱһ£һѪ
ѪֺɢǧѪ˿˷ȥǰΧĲͼΣûκģɢѣγһǿˣƿ
ѳִ˲ͼεʮˣʱһ¶֮ɫаĿڣˣǱ˴ϣֱǽ˵Ѫ˿ڣڷһȦ󣬳׵ƻ࣬˵ͷٻѨ˳
⼸Ѫ˿һ̣¶֮ɫһͷ£֮Уһ˻
Ҫ׷쫷ӣӲòͣ£Ͼڹ˼֣ת˫ȻſЩ׷ĵ쫷һأЩѪ˿ȥ
ͬʱķҲһгìһ˦ǳì̻һ˷Ѫ˿ɶȥ
ҴˣڣһҲǾĪߣһôҲû뵽ɭȻһУ
ǧѪ˿򣬺׷£Ȼۣջʮһһĺ췢ӣͬλãһֺͻȻһѸĵ쫷֮ĳȥ
ʣľŸֱֳì䵶ķͷ£˫۵ԼҴ˱ƽ
գۼ䣬ɭķ֮һ׷ĵ쫷磬˷һּ䣬â˸ĵ쫷໥ۣһ
쫷缸ڻһ˲䣬̱̲صС޵ʶʱһɢ˷ɢ
мʶȻײƬϡ
ͻȻıʣȻǷһЦ˫㣬ÿһ£дƬСʶɢ
ʱѾײϵһЩСʶͻȻ໥һ𣬱˴˸֮âԼٶȣȻԱ
ԱӦţδɢСʶ׷ԱͬʱȻܡ
Աһ˲䣬Եգһѷ죬һӰԼٶȣѸٳͬһ㣬һɲǼ䣬ϵĳƬ֮ϡ
ˣֻ֣壬ʵǴһõ״̬ʱȻʶ塣
ֵ˲Ϣɭսв￿˫ӣʱһ˫۶ֵʶ¶֮ɫʶУܵһ˿֮еϢ
һжں̵ܶʱڷϸ˵ֵԸһ֮ǰѷһ̣ڵЩ˸â¶һ˿ԵϢĵװԾ裬һûκ׼£ٴγء
ƾ֮ڵķѷڣƾʶⷨ䣬ϸ۲ЩϢɢ˿
ٴδѷ죬һС޻ûӰ̷֣̽߶⣬Ϯ߻һ˫۵ӡ
֮ǰۿǴ͹仯ǿ췢ɭĴڣȻҳ
ϸ̹ϵٴͳĵ쫷磬һ˿ʶһкӣٴѷڡ
ɭ֮һϵбʣȫͨ쫷еʶɭ֮ͨԼľû水˵ʩչӡԼûӡ꣬ͻᱻɭɱ³ʮȥһҡ
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ûпΪԲᱻԷ֣Ѿ׼ǶԷԼʶôնⲿʶ
Ͼⲿʶã̽·żСʶײϣһ˿ʶҪƬ֮ϣƬ˲䣬ĸо洫ǿҵٻ
ٻ֮£ʶڵĲ֮УʼҵĲҪһ㡣
ͬʱ֮ڣȻһ䣬ֲ֮ɵĵһ
ܿ죬ϵСʶԱֱʱǷҲûʲôҵľٶ֮£ϵǰ֮£ʱ˶Է룬ЦԽƾͼƣŶԷûг֮ʣѷ죬ʶ壬һԾ
ûɭΪĲ̫󣬾һ߷ͬԶԶֿĴڣǷĵһ˿֮ǰ쫷зֵʶȻĻҲʹü˺ͨݳ
ʵɭʶһ̣Ȼԣ˵֮ʶϵô˵ҲǹͿ˾ħʶϤ
˵ЩŹ֣׹Ź˵ⴿһָо
֣ʮѱ䣬ЩǺ⣬һֱĥ˵صŹֱִ֣ѷڳֵһ̣ɭͬ绮һ㣬һ˿
ʩչͨݳûֱӳʶǾĵȴڵȣҪ̻꣬׷ʲô
һվϣģɭ¶һ˿Ц
ɭֽµܵƬ¶һ˿ЦȻȷţŹ֮Ƭ֮У˵޷жϣһ飬ţֻҪԼзһȻ̽
ʱУȻʧȥ˼ֵ˫ǰʳָĴָγһͼе˵𣡡
Цݸ䣬֮ǰʶһƬ˲䣬лõļָ֮֮أκ޷룬ֻʶſԽȥ
ڻһŹϵʶи󵨵ͷһû⣬ôܿܽǵһ֮֮ˡ
ˣô֮Уǲܣ뵽ɵȻĶ
ɭĹûκ㣬ʶ֮壬ͬһ㣬ѸһɢУɫ˸֣ǹ
ɭɫδйľ䣬Ӧ£ЩսеķҲȻݴ䡣
Ƿ֣ȻһͬʱŸ׷Լٶȣ֮سȥ
˲䣬˫۵ӣ¶ľâһ˸ϵһͬѸƮ׷ɭйЦɭ˭Եõ˵֮УΩ㲻ԣСһˣ
һ仰ȻǶ˵˵ͬʱĵһϵľҪѳܵĴۡ
ȻһüģмٵԷף֮Уתķһ֮ͬìһͬ㾧âɢ֮ء
ɭߵɲǣֵʶɢ״ͬһǿ㣬գۼʧƬ֮ڡ
ţӡתѿڵһɲǣƬһ£ѿʧӰ
ɭ͵Ļͷ˫۵ŭʮ˲һ»ɭ£ֳһͷ췢޷Զ˫¶ķŭ
¸һǧ꣬Сһûɹں֮Уôɭлᣡ˫۵ӣЦ
Ҳ˵˵֣ʶƬ֮һ磬û죬ûеأ֮޾̡


һپʮ 
һɢ͹âɫƯ֮УÿһСʮңʶɨ£˵ɫоʮĸ
ʶһɨ䣬̷һԱ֮ҪСһЩ˾Ϊ죬ǵħɢ˷ѾĻͨץ֮
Ŀڲ֪ԭ֮Уֻһһʮĸ
һ֮ǰյǲ֣ʵϣȴǲ֮һ
ִʱʶ״̬޵֮ʶȻһı֮ϡ
ʶ˲䣬ǱʱڻȫںϽʶ֮ڣļ䣬ϵʶлصʱƣֻصٶԽԽ죬ֵʶͬһ㣬
һĿھһĪķһζѳƬļ䣬ͬŭԶŲצĺХֵʶ˲ͱ˺ѣٴ顣
ܶʼܵľʹ糱ˮ㣬׽û
ʵϣʶ״̬֣Ͳ鵽ʹʱ״̬ȴ죬еĸܵˣʶɵľʹ
ָоһֱǵһںϲ֮ʱҲûָоģʶɢһ˿״£һγһԲεļ롣
ʶɵļ룬ɵɫЩ޲죬·һıһ㡣
һУǽһƬ֮Уָо֮ǰһλò֮ʱȻһΣȣʵ֮ǰǴαϸôڣϽӡ
·ǽеһҶۣŽˮķÿһεĽӷʹټӾ缸֡
Ȼ䣬оǰһţһĻ棬ǰһ֮գУ˸â㡣
棬֮ǰͿʱٴ¿ĵ׺Ȼһ˿ͬʱ˿˲䣬ǵʹͻȻʧһ˿ʣ·ûгֹһ㡣
ţĸо̴ʶÿһλãϵشݿһھƬʶƽ׵ںϽʶڡ
ģָоԼʶ֮壬ڲϵǰƶЩ⣬ԽԽձһſž޴򡣽ţٴοӴĹ
ʱ֣Ȼ֪ԼϴοǸӤʱڵĹͿ˾ǰӴͬһľˣȻǳʱڵͿ˾
Ϳ˾ף΢ֻͨüĴа˸ǵųһȦ֮⣬ƤΪֲڣһ˿˿ƣƺܵϸҲ
һϸȥͻ֣ᷢϣ飬ͬǹ֮ѷһ㡣
ʱĿ⾼ɢâԶһ¶˼֮ɫƬ̺һץʱ֮ǰĿһѣɫɢ޵ǿ֮С
ƬɫڣͻȻɳһ⣬Ϳ˾һץǽ̸ıз˲УһöСĽ顣
ȻĳϣƽǽʯʯϱһĺߣŴͿ˾ٴһץԶһѡ
㣬Ҳ֪˶ãʮ򣬱һһеĲѾܶ࣬ɫС
Ϳ˾˫һЩȫںһʱЩ֮С
ţ˫һգܿ۵ɲǣͷüĵİ˸ǵͬһ㣬Ȼת˵ǹ⣬ڡ
֮һ˸߲ʹâķǰ
ⷽɢѹһ˿صϢȻɢܵޣһϸСУֵʶڿⷽ˲䣬类ĸоĵװǷĬ
Ϳ˾΢΢ҡͷ¶ź֮ɫץ𷽶ٿ˼ۺ˳һףǷʱ뵽һ֮Уʧ
Ϳ˾̾˿Ȼһ粽䣬ʧ޵ǿ֮С
ĿǰһĻͿ˾ʮĲϣƳķֿ˶Ȼִ˵еķôҲû뵽ǹͿ˾ȻԴﲢ⣬˼ۺӵ
һʿУȻֶǷ򣬰̾һ
֮ǰлڣȫģ˵ЩûһʶʱķҲȫİţе֮еıȫգЩ֪ʶȻᱻ˽⡣
ǹͿ˾ʧĸоʶ֮壬ɢգͬʶȫʧ֮ء
ʱڴ֮еĵط˾ʮ֮⣬һԲεļ룬ͻȻѿһ϶϶ԽԽϣ鲼Ѻۡ
һʹâЩѺģѺԽԽࡢԽԽĹâҲԽҫۣգһԲεļ룬ѿ
һȫɢʹâİ͸Ӱڼڡ
ˣ֣
˫ۣͷԼ¶֮ɫĸоһԼвһЩ䣬ҸҪǣʶȻԭ޵״̬ӡ
ʶһʱ̱ٴλ֮״ܻɢ
ٴһʶ£ְֻ͸ӣֳĬĿ˸Ȼһӣʱϣһɱɵľӡ
žӿһۺȻһ˫¶δйɣž棬þ˵
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ִĿžеĵӿûԼһ죬ٴοԭԼӰ
걻ٻԪٵʱգȻǲ˶꣬òȴûǣÿĵ׶źٻԪĳޡ
֮̾һƽĿƽʶȻһ˲һڡ
֮ǰǿҵʹٴӿ֣һΣȻϰߣ̬ƽʶеϢһһϸɨ
ţʶ֮ܲסӴļݣ˿˿֣ڣٴγһԲεļ롣
޵ĵǿգٴγǰһΣʶ˹Ϳ˾ķƳһöҩ
ⵤҩֲֿڣͬһ޴ӣɢŨ˿ֲ˵ʲôҲһҩ
Ϳ˾µҩϵĹ磬ͽȻϸ˲٣Щ֮䣬·̲ĳصϢŹƶЩͬһ㣬˲ɵִ
޴ļ룬ٴʱڳֵ֣壬ʵһЩ
ʱȥͿ˾֮Уڼÿһٴںһܶʼ
ʮĸպֵʶ֮壬Ȼְ͸״ʵȥԿʲôͷȻ֮ǰһȫǰɫ
󣬿ʼϸ۲Լ壬壬ǴУָУٶ֮Уûκβ֮ͬ
ģĵԽԽɻ벻ףԼֻ˹֮жѣΪλء
壬ûн֮⣬볣˼һһûκβ
ֱֳһʱһ˿ڣʺѪҺ£ѪҺĵȷڵԼĵȷȷָյ
˫ۣʶɨ䣬̷֣Լʶûκα仯ʶڣʶĺɫ磬̻Ļ֮⣬ٵתţÿתһȦʶͻˣƶȥ
ʶӣǼʶû쳣
ϸ̽˫ۣսȭͷ
ʶɵ壬˵Ҫһ˿һʱϤԭ壬ȭͷӶһֵ̣ĵףӿɺ顣
̧ͷ˫˸âٻԪᣬĳﵽԪӤΪ֮󣬾ɱԹټ֮ʱ˺ޣΨȫ֮ѪſΨ֮˻ǣſĳƽ
Ŀ֮ǰոսʱû뵽˵ؾȻоʮĸһԭļƻ
Ǵ֮кѰҵᦵīʯ뿪صԼ֮뿪ⱻ˶Ĺ֮ء
һаļƻչôһֿνջĶ࣬ѧ˽֮ǵõᦵķŪŵ۵ĴȻȦԼʮ鼫ƷʯǶĿ˵ʮһΣ˵ض顣
֮⣬Ϊ֮֮У
ɵıоʮĸʱֱһֱ쳣ΪԼܽرҲһԽ롣֮ȴûκ˽ʱ䳤ˣȻף涨ǳһЩʡ
ҪģǴ֮أеĴȫǵطѷ֮䣬ȫϵ̫ģǳʶأ˵һЩʣһֱɻ˿
ʱĶȹںϱٶȣԽԽһգʮ߸ļѺڵ֣üĴһǵ㡣
־ϥѵļڣ˫۽գ֮۾һ˿֮⣬ɢ
ʱ֣ǰԹǸ˵òһȴ֮˿̵׷ƮƮȫ¸һΣ֮Сͬһֻ͵ҰޣĿ֮ˣȫĵ⡣
ͷǵ㣬ʮ߸󣬳üĴǵֵ˲䣬ͬһ㣬
ļǵãǹͿ˾ĶͷŰ˸ǵ㣬Ҫǵеĳſɡ
ֻͷǵ㣬ɫɫüĴǵ㣬ȴֻһµûκɫϸѿǵĴڡ
˵֪ǵãţԼȫպ󣬶ȻһУһȫ⡣
˵ǵڲ֪ʮȴԼ壬Ϊλٴᣬһֱ۵
ע壬ÿһ񣬶ǰѻõ󲿷ϡһǹҲһʱ󣬴ﵽޣ޷ٴαǿ
ʱҪ壬ΪͣͲǰֻа󣬲ſԳܸԻøǿΪ˵Խ̺ҲԽ࣬ﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬹ᾭһ飬һʱĹ̡
ÿһᾭչͬʱҲᾭһδ顣ĴԽ࣬ΪҲԽǿҲԽǿ
ÿһε飬ҲΪʶߣڹУûйΪĻ֣Ϊصʶ֡
յ֮Уڰ˹Ϳ˾һļ䣬Ϳ˾ڳī壬ȴǾ˰˴飡
ÿһε飬ڹ˵һο̹ĵļ䣬Ϊ֮ǰõֻǼСһ֮У֮һԲûʲô̫ĸı䡣
ɽ˵غȴ˾ʮĸеһһԷʵ飬̱
ǣֵ壬ʼϣʶΪԼΪɣ־һḶ́һУʵʲôԵɺϣǻκһˣ˹֮кҲôһ̡
ֻʱֱӰָԭˡ
˵ΪѰûʲô֮ͬʵϣĽʵȣȴǱ֮ѰʿҪǿ١
ֵ壬ܾ˴飬ô˵壬ǻŵĹ֮
һки󵨵Ĳ²⣬ͷа˸ǵ㣬˰˴Σ棬᲻һЩϵ
ˣҲüΪλһǵ㣬Ͼ壬һΡ
ַֻԼ飬Ӧδ꣬ĻΪüĵǵ㲻ûκɫһ֡
һֵֻĲ²⣬ûȷеļ䣬ţ֮һлд𰸡
ʮ߸ЩĿھ䣬ѾһֿʼϣһζνΪʶʶһ𣬷ֲ˴ˣʱʶЩңʱΪԼͿ˾ʱָֻ֪Լ֡
ִҵĸоǿҵΣУͿ˾ƶ飬ԼȫͿ˾ļ䴫УôһãпܻʶңӶȫΪԼͿ˾ʶһɶ
Ϊ㣬ֲŰں֮еٶȣֻеȫպŻںһ
һʶҵĸо㻺ɢ˵ʱȴѾӰʶνǷֵΡ
˵ٶȴʤȹִ̣ʱҲļƽȥ֮еļ䡣
²ãոһգڴ˵أѾʧȥʱĸϾÿһںϻ룬֮УȹʱգȻ


һپʮ ֮أգ
ֻļǵãԼںϱ
ӵʮ֮ÿںϣҪʱա
Խ󣬱̺ļԽ࣬ͬʱÿƼʱֶһʱ۲Լ壬ŻõĴн࣬Ȼ֪Լ֮ǰûǵ㣬ĵȷȷһ顣
üĴǵ㣬ÿһںϱɫһЩͬʱҲĸо壬ÿһںУݼӣϸ΢ĵһʮε֮ڼӲǿϣԽԽһƹĵ·
ܴȥûκѰ֮֮ڵһʣȴı仯Ϊֹںʮʱ壬Ȼ߷
ĿԼֱۣĵײ²⣬ڵ壬ֿ֪ܷᵤʿȫһĿһĵ˵ͷ
ʱţһգڴ˴Ź֮֮أȻûκαڣֻڴ˵м䣬Ưһɫľ޼롣˼벢Ѱϱ鲼ϸܵĹ֮ƣϸô֣ᷢͿ˾ϵĺۼͬһޡ
˾޼룬Ѿڴ˳꣬һֱûκļܵһУ·Ǳĳصֹһ㣬ûκα仯
ֵ壬ƽڼڣ˫۽գڶǰֹͣˣһ״̬
ʶʱ֮Уһںѵʱ䣬ΪֹȻ֮ǰʮܺ͡
ǣڹļ֮У˹һͿ˾ӳһһֱīһϵ飬·Ծһ㣬ָоԼǹ
ִ֮У֮ǰһֱ⣬ʱеļϵ˲䣬ȴǲܿƵı
ֵǣһֱ״̬Ҳ֪˶ã񴫳֮صľ޼룬Ȼǡһ
ţϵشӾ޼ڴһ˿˿ϸܵĶѣ޼ϵĹ֮г֣ͷ·ԭ˿˿ѷһ㣬ܿ죬޼룬顱һ£ʼ̮
һ˲䣬Ӿ޼Ȼ¶һȫӣ˰׷ۣòͨȴԵʣʱ˫۽գͣûκϢ
֮˫Ȼ̺֮ͫ״Ʈ
ֻĺһͷ˿Լ壬ں˵ھʮĸ֮󣬴ʱĸоǿ̶ȣ˵ûо飬޷Ʋܴﵽʲôĳ̶ȣţ壬Իδգߡ
֮ǰһںϣȻ£ںϵʮʱһֱΪ˳׵зŻںٶȣӶι̵Ļˣôһһ̣ͻȫɥʧңһΪǹͿ˾ķӡ
Ϊ֮ǰĻͦѹأǣѹ
ĿеĿھȻȴһ˿ɻ󣬸еĹ䣬ֻӳһֱ׼īһμ¼ԼһΣȴһƬհס
ֳϸܴһи󵨵Ĳ²⣬ǾǱӦòǾʮĸпܻӦҲ̫ࡣ
ֻǶļΪʲôڴ˵أüͷ΢壬Ĭ󣬷˿⣬˫ķзһеԣ˵
ʱǰȻһѷ죬ڰƯɢźɫâʯͷ
һץʯͷ̱ץУǰһ³ˮһ
˲ʧŹ䴫֮ء
ʯͷᦵı֮īʯ
ڹͿ˾֮ڣһѷ죬ƣЩƳɻΣɢΣϢʱ֮⣬ͻȻһӰһͷ׷˫Ŀɣ֮С
ֺ󣬶ŽĿȷûб仯ǰȥЩƷ·ʧȥһ㣬û㹥һ·߹ÿ߳һһɢߵưΧĵʱһ·ϵнƣȫԶʧ
֣Щƣǵ뿪ʱΪ˱Լ봢Բá
˵˵ǳȫϾھڣԹеַ򿪵ѷ֮УֵԸȻ˲ٱʩ
߽֮ŵ봢¶п֮ɫ֮ǰѾãֻʣһ߸ʬʬɢȻ͸ڵĽɢ
ڸʬԣż
ְ̾һǻ˹䴫к飬ôʱ¾ҪٴѰˡ
ڸʬǰ㣬ʱʬɢŨܵţ˫˫ֿʼѣӣӣڵԽԽգ˸ʬȫѣͬʱһȭͷСĽ𵤣ڸ
ѵĸʬԼ¶һЩɫС㣬鲼ĩ֮Уʱ˸â
𵤵ɲǣֶѪˮĸоϾ𵤾ɣһ˿ʱ䣬Ҳ޷նϵϵ
ţһץǽзȥָ˲ϢȻʧȥڣ˳ֱѸתͣڵﴦת
һʱת΢΢˫ۣĸ۾˵ǽΣȴѾȫѵĸʬĿһŷͺȵȪ֮ף֣
һ䣬ǸʬѳɻҺ۵ϣЩɫ㣬ѸƮ໥һģγһɫĻ档
һǻ̷Уʧڽ֮ڡ
һӣʬϵĴһʱ𣬱һһסţа׹һһ׺ɫϺְѴպãԱһץ̳һѷ죬ûκԥ˽ȥ
ٴγʱֻص˴ż䴫еĵط˿ܣȷԼ뿪ʱһ˫Ѹǰ仯Թ֮ɬ֮ʡ
־ı仯һ㲨Ƭľ󣬳ǰաеɬͬһ˫εĴ֣Ⲩ֮лӶһչԽԽգͿ˾֮ӰȻڲ֮ϡ
ڹͿ˾̫ϤԹӰѹĵȴûκβ
ӰֺüĴİ˸ɫǵͻȻһת˵ǹ⣬ǲ֮ʱγһ޴İ˽С
ֶͿ˾ӰĵĬ֮أ𣡡


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һƬʯɵľ޴֮أ˵سһصǴ룬ǴҪԼΪȵķ֮սʤ󣬲ſͨ
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һգһǰһ󣬴ԶѸٷǰڽУɼһŮӣŮ˫ɫ԰Ѫɴ¿㣬ϸòмɫ
ǵ⣬վһӣ˷ü۴壬ʱڳһ˿Ц˫¶âĶǰŮӡ
½ƽȲңȻδȫ׷ŮӣĿԽԽ䡣
һǰһ⣬˲ԶٽɴŮǰԶңĵɬ֮⣬Ѿ˿һ£һڣδ˶׷ᣬʹóʦߣͱԷ׷ϡ
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ӦҪı䷽ʱˣȴٴ׷֮£ֻܼУǣ׷УʯɵĻΣԽԽ
ĵףȻûóȫһϷʵķʽԼѹԼǰСԷȻ׼ԼǻУһž˻Խĵ׵ѹҲͻԽ
Ǯ׷ţжԴŮ֮־ڱصãǴŮǼĶӷʽ׷ȥڣŮ֮£Ȼңһ˵춼æ뵽Цݣ䡣
ǰңħںΪֹû˵˭ԽͨɷԸһԣǮ
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Ǯɭ˵ߴħ˵Ӱ²֪ȴ֪ңȴӰ켫󣡡
Ů¶֮ɫһҧ˵ǰлֱ˵ҪѴ֮ӡһݣ
Ǯδ˵ȴ¶һ˿ϲɫ֪ǵħ᪻Ŵˣ˵᪻ձһһҹ֮ݻ٣ŮȴǻԵɺӹһ١
󣬴Ůż¼᪻Ϊֵҩ䷽򣬱ħ֮סŮ踺أΪ֮һ¸꣬ŮѰᣬ˳
ǮѾǽᵤڣ˵ֻһ֮ޣҲδѣһǴ޷ڡ
ܻ򣬰ڵ䷽Ƶҩôᵤڽɿܡ
ŮӰ̾һٴóһհӡ֮Ǯ˵ǰѾӡ꣬Ƿ뿪򣬾ģ
ǮһЦ˵ã¿ȷԻ뿪˵ţӾҪǰȥ
վסŮȣֻ£ͿɰƵ飬ͬʱӺɣǮ˵ǰȻǽᵤڣСŮΪֻոᵤǰһ磬Բòǰõ󷴻ڣ
Ǯüͷ΢壬ĿֺâŴŮͣ½Ų˵Ǻ⣿
̴΢ţ˵ǰ˳ǧ֮⣬Ҷڴ˵أ뿪ǰȡ򡣷Ļ̰⸴Ƶ飬Ȼɱʱǰɾһˣ
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ʱ˶ûз֣ǻڣгһɶ೤Ŀռѷ죬âɢ
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չǮǰģȴ˾޴һѷ죬ѷĳ֣ǮоͷƤ顣
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ܴôӴĿռѷ߳ΪȻﵽ˲˼ľ磬ҲһԪӤڣ˵Ѿﵽ˴˵еĻڡ
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ȴûκβȻ̬䣬ֵ˲䣬˫ĿȻһʶٴγ
һΣȻľԵûнʩչǿټ䷨
ĿӺԥѸǰ֮ǰѾ˼ʶڣ׼һ£Լù񴫳У徭һι󣬵׾߱ʲô
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ڷɽ˲䣬ĿδͣڰһԲȦʱһӰ̳֡
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ʣµʮ·һ·ȥߴصƿ֮ͬʱǰһ·ϳЩ޲Ǹһ֣㱻ײɢԶһЩģҲӲļʶںɫһּ䣬׷
ʮľ룬ûκηֹ¶ŲڼϢ֮ڣһ·񣬳ң
ңԱ˵߱൱֣˵޷ļʶ޷Ĺ֮壬ô˵أȻʧȥá
ʵǻȻӴ֮ͨɣֵֻļʶⱾ¼Ϊ֮ͨ޷ƣҲͲΪ䡣
ڹ֮壬ǴǻԸƶôҲأôǻ֮ͨʿΪȻ޷һܸƣ
˼ʶ֣֮ҵһ̣ڽ֮ǰȻǽᵤеһˡ
ڣ˽ƣǵõ˹֮壬֮⣬ʶҲ˻ˣһ˵ûԪӤһսģȻ򲻹ԱȴǴ´ࡣ
⣬ĵ׶ԪӤڣҲûսʤİգţԪӤĳСڣԼͨãټзսʤڣӦòǺѡ
֮ǰԪӤڣܣ޷ӳֻ·һ
ԪӤڵǿԴԪӤַ츲صı仯һ˿֮ʩչᵤȫΪ֮֮⣬ԪӤ֮ͨ˲ơ
˲ͨ춨ԪӤڣĵλ
⣬ԪӤʿʩչķҲǼ࣬ԶᵤͬķԪӤʩչҲǽᵤڵİٱǧ
˵ʷУнᵤڣսʤԪӤʿķҲû̫ã࣬ҲǿԱѡ
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ԪӤڣ磬ΪȼһˮߣֻнԪӤſԳƵ̤ǿߵķ롣ɴ˿ɼԪӤڶʿ˵Ҫ̶ȡ
ͬʱԪӤڵ磬ҲǼô˵ڼĲʮ
Ҳ˵ԪӤ൱ʮԪӤڣ൱ڰٸԪӤڡ㷨˵ڼ򵥣ȴʵֻ棬ûм㵽ѡ
ĵֻǲ²⣬ʵϲȷԼڵܷԪӤһսϾô˵Ϊǽᵤڰˡ
Լʶڹ֮ǿԼ˹һε壬ڼϴڵڶ෨һУڲȷУִһ˿
߳ǻĿ˸ȻȥǷӲŻѡ飬ǾҸԪӤʿ̶ȡֿٶɼΪ޴
ĿһɨǮϿһۣᵤʿڽ֮ǰֶοڡ
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߳˲䣬Ǯ¶乧֮ɫȴǽ֡ʱʻҪشʱȴһȻ˵ˡ
ǰ˵֮ûκγǳأȥһǣ˵ţּȻİѶǰ˿㷢ڶһΪĶ̰ŮԵչֳ
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ûлڡĿ
ǰԴӶǰħĻϹʧ֮ħڣʿѾˡǮæ˵˵֮ɫȻһ䣬˫͵ƺ뵽ʲô˼֮ɫֱĶ֣˲䣬һͷ亹æͷΣģȴ˴δйˡ
Ŀһ¶âǮ޵磬˵ǰЩʿʧˣ
¶ɫҲǰǸ˵ʱź촽һ˵ǰԴ֪ǰħ췲÷֮سľħħĻϹֹŵۣԼңͬʱʧ١
´ˣѰãʼնûв鵽
ɫ糣ȴһꡭû뵽Լ֮أȻѾ˶ꡣ
п֮ģĿͶǮϣ֮ǰı֣ЩŹ֣Ҵ֮ǰԱݣǶħĵӣڣȻӣ
ĿһǮʱһһͨһڵϣϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ǰʲô֪Ҳ˵ǰ


202 ɱ
Ŀ䣬ɨǮһۣ˵ʦ棿
ǮӶʱһ˵ղлһ˿ɣôڣ˿ɶʱɢҪ֪ħ췲ħѰʿǰ˺󣬷ᵽ췲޲Ϊǰ
Ǽ֮֮ͬˣҲҪһϹ֮ˣһħڼﵽ˵ĻΪ⣬ҪǴ˵һ䶾νǷʤɫζԷ˾綾ǰ벻ףԼж
ټ췲񱣬һﲻϣȫšħиɣ˵ûлʿȴλԪӤڵʿɵʵħڣҲһ
ΪĳԪӤʿӣмӣûϳݵҲˣȻﳰЦ
ҹ췲㵥߽ɣһʱ뿪ʱǧİʮˣаڵһۡŵӡŵӡλԪӤʿȵˣһڡ
췲ɱˣϲһШǺԭ²űʿ֪
һ췲ħڣν̸֮ɫ䡣
ܳƺΪӵģħָڣǮֵĻжʱȷԼĲ²⡣
ǰǰȷʦ档Ǯæ˵˵һҧַʣԼղеܣһһʮ˵˳
ԭǮżȻһΣ̸췲ʧ٣ǽѰ˵ǵڶǰȥҡ
̸һ죬ڳִΧĿռѷ죬ôͱʾع飡
Ǯ󣬳ʼһֱУʱ䳤ˣûʲôҲȴˡ
һոտҳѷֻǾЩϤδ룬ɺشʻʱз·绮һԵɡ
ԣ֮ǰŻɫ䣬ڿռѷ쿪ȴûлع飬ǰЩʿ÷֮ľħħĻϹֹŵۣ⼸Ҳûдѷڳ֣һİˣ߳
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Ǻɳ˸һȳֺ֮ʱ΢죬ĵ˸һ˿δ㣬һĴ̶ɳ
һ֣˲ϢǵɳشΣЩɳȼ̻𣬷֮еĺɳȫս֮ڡ
һзļ죬Ǯӳɳߵ˲䣬ֵĶѺɳա
ʱǮĵٴһһΣȫ޲ɢɭɭ⣬ҧ߶
Ŀ䣬üһ㣬ʱϸʶڣ֮ƮһӰӰٳ磬ʶڳüһš
ħͷһ˿ϲʱܻص
ڳˣˣСӣܣүү㣬Ա㱨ؼ֮һһʹ඼ûУģ
ֵ˲䣬ħͷȻһ㣬׷ǮڶԷһĿУǮϣʶ󣬾һŽĽԼԷĴǮصߡ
ӲǼһֺõı飬Բİѽ𵤽
ǽֿۣӹڿУһڣʱڹתֻ˼Ϣʱ䣬ֽ̰⣬ա
ܸо𵤣г˳ɣڱֽ˲䣬㱻գʣµɣתΪ״̬
˽𵤣ְѴڻһָǮ壬һСָðɿԶǮʬϣ˲Ϣ䣬Ǯ廯ɻҼ
ĿǰһĻɫ̸Ӳ԰ףʶ˺󼸲ǰ׷꣬Ϊ̫ɲ⣬óķһ۱ϳǾȻһԪӤ
ʵҲѹϴħͷʶǴԪӤټϹ֮صһڣһЩ仯
Ҫǣֽ˻ˣ˵̻걾ûʲôΪϵһˣô̻ͿԼλ꣬Ҷλ꣬кܴİ
ɱǮȻǲԸԼ߳鱩¶
оֲģۿǮ𵤣Ҫ֪ڶħħУħҲ̽𵤣ҩٷ¡
ǰѪԵһĻûпڣִΣУ֮ղŵǮҪء
ĿͶϣԷһͷӣɫ糣˵ҰɱǮα𣿡
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ǰʦӡ汾¼˼ĵ᪻ŵ֮
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ĵ׿ɬˣһȻܴ򶯶Է˼·Ѹתһ֣æ˵ǰǳ󣬲һؼݣڷǳϤǰʲôҪԴ͡˵֮Щֲ֪ǵĹأּ˵
ǰ֪ûбݣôʿֻڳھס죬˺ÿ춼ҪʮƷʯˣҲֻܶסʮѡͬǾסݣ·ǰûʱƾס
⣬ħںǳϤǳصλãʿʵǿЩħרŴЩ飬˵ħ֪֮ءαǮ׷̫ң˵ʲôҲڡ
һ˵ŵĿ֡
ĵ׳Ƭ̣һץӲƮȥ
ͬʱһתʳָָ£ѸһӣʱһƲӰ֣ü֮
˽ÿ췢һΣÿηȫѪΪңӶķ֮һ֮ûҽôȫΪһ̲Ѫˮ
ɫ䣬ܿ죬˼֪Լʱı
ȥǣɫѰûκβ
æͷŽ⣬СĵԴ·ַУûʹ÷ɽǷ·һһ㣬ǰƮȥ
ֶصķзʽʵΪտôȥĲʹ£¯ݣҲЩ׼ȷ˵ʹ£Ȼ޵Ľӽһֳ뻯ľ硣
ͱ˵ڣʹ÷ɽٶҲһ϶٣ģķ֮һģһᵤڵʿ˵΢΢ϸȥ˿ġ
˵һϢ֮ĵֻͬʱڣתһȦ֮һѡ
赭дķзʽĵײɵٴ𶯣˿պӳħƵ˼ʱɢ˲١
ʵľ룬ǺԶڷɳһֻûзǣɫһҲǰԽп֮࣬ǰ˵Ǿʱ⣬һȦʱֵȺ
⼫ֵƵʲߣÿγ֣᷶Χ㣬һ룬˵ʲôΣգڼУʶ޷뿪壬ʧ
ڼȦ⣬İһŭԷ˵ľİѻ˵꣬飬һƹһʱܻһЩ졣
ʶȻ̽ܺɨһȦʶһֱߣܿ죬㿴ǼȦ鿴һȻ˵ǵ˵ͷͬԷĽ顣
˿ڴæǰ·
ֲǸ̸֮ˣηӶ࣬ҲóȻ˵ǣһ죬һ·֮ϣ˼ûйκν̸
ڵ磬ڵĽƣˣ֤֮ǰ˵ᵽѪʹоԼڣ·һŻȫҪڻһ㡣
ڷʱ䲻㱻ֽ¼һ˿֮⣬׵ɢҲû˿
Է룬ָƣ˵ڿóڲٿħͷȷʵ졣
ʹõֶΣʵħͷ˶٣䱾ʶһ


203 ޳
׷ǹʣǶԷȷЩôôΪ˷ֹ¶Լ뿪ܣŮǮһȥܵظ׷Ϸˡ
֪Ƕľħӡŵħµ֪Լǻ߳鷳Ȼϡ
ЩУȻ˽ʵߴڣһֵ鱩¶ôȴģЩµֹ׷ɱЩµԪӤк˵һԪӤڣôֶԸЩ鷳
һ糹ΪãҲʡ²ٵ¶ˣҶİȫкܴıϡ
⵹ҲɱǱƣòˡвֹһεĺһ飬׼ȷ˵Ѿȥꡣ
ԹʱոմӺ뿪ջŻɱŻ֮ʦŻһУܵЩ˿
ŻľɱЩˣִӵԸɱ޹ʩչĳֿñɥʧķ
ÿ뼰£ĶɰʹֹһεĳԼֹ֪һΰԼĴӡ
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һǳЩϣԼһʱŻ֮ʦī˵ıӶٻԪ׷ɱ
ˣʱ͵һԪӤǿߣұɱȫ壬ĸҲ³ֻʣ֮
ԼҲһΣ
һУһʱµĴһԸдӵһ棬֮ʱܵôŻľȻ
ûͻĺûͻթûͻ飬һУʵ̬ƶڤڤ֮ɵġ
ǿѡ񣬺˻ִۣһĺ죬¹ϣ顣ƫֵɫˣ˼ܣ־ᶨƻۡ
ʱ֣뿪Թս֮صʱ䣬ʵȻİٶ꣬İٶ꣬㹻ӱϳ׵׵ĸıһ˵ꡣ
ڵ֮ǰԹǸСС꣬ѾȫͬˡʱҲȥ룬ǵ꣬ûа޵ԼôڣͳΪһƻ
һȻԶѣߵĵ·ǲμӸϿЧ͢ĸĸҲȻ³ǻڶӿȡܵ˵𾴣ܵ˵ʸƽԣȴ㡢Ժģһ
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ڲǴ˳ǵķУżħ󲿷ֲϡۡ
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ǣԴȻ֪УԶħˮûл֮ǰ˳ǱȻڡֵĿ⣬ͶԶϣæһԽܡ
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ʱ䲻ֵˣó壬һʯ󣬱߽ǡ
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ָֻо˵ȴǷȱͿ˾ȣ˳ʵ㲻ʲôӵй䴫е֣ޣǾпɰˡ
˵Ϳ˾ǹ֮ͨڣӵȣѾضˡ
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æͷŽ⣬ӵ̷ޱһƬͣһƬдԼʮɴС
վƬ֮ϣó壬ϴһ⣬ʱһâ֣ͬʱƬ̻ˮ͸
ͷһۣӳȥĿڵһһ֮жʱдȻһȥ
ʯңֽ̰彻ϣĵȴַ䡣
ʶһɨһȻⷨǿƴ˶Ĺؼڣ鿴̧ͷƽ˵룬¶Ҵ֮߳£ôݹ顣ɷģħʱ䲻̫뿪ʱԻΪ⿪ơ
˵꣬һӣٴδһƣӡڴŮͷü֮


204 ž
ƺֱ㲻Ůһ˦Ѵ˶һΪŮס֮ҷֿм䣬н
ϥڶڣüģʱһӰüĴӰֻаƴС̬ģԼɿ״
ӰֵԹ֮صĵڶħͷ
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ָһָʱħͷӰ䵭ճʧȥټֻ̻ʶ鿴ĸоħͷڷλ
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Ŀ˸һȻ뵽ĿʮеǸߣڰЩʱֱӡ
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ֶ֮һƴСĹͭɫӣĿȻһ۲żϣͭɫ⣬ʶᵤʿԻ⡣
Ω澵ϵʶڴ˷֮ʶ˲䣬һ˿ʶıӶӵǣµʶ
һҪⷨʶδܣֳĬƬ̣Ȼְ෨𣬵һƮǰǿռݡ
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ѴԵʮ֮󣬴㳹׹С
˱ãӣҲУžãΪ棬˵ǻڵЩƣйء
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ӣ˴˹֮ͭ⣬µʱ䣬īʯΪҪϣʼᦡ
ֻڲϣȱһЩѰ֮һգ߳Ŀģȥ˳Ƿתתȱϡ
žʱڣڽƷΣÿζԵڶħͷΪ仯⣬ʱ䳤ˣȻƣЩľ
ʵϣӣ뿪ΣÿζѰøΪ仯ƣÿȫʧ顣
Ѱҵʿûκ˿Գɹ˽ƣм˽֮ˣ޲üѣǿƵַȫĿǰӵУƣƫϹŽ
Ҳ˶Դʣֶƫŷһ£˻ỨѴѪоһ˾ôŮд˽ƹŹ֣Ҳû׷Ѱ
ƽʱΪСģ½ûƽ⣬Լ¶ݣԷɱ³
Ͳ֪һУͷϵĵڶħͷڴŮЩСĵЦ
һΣִʯ߳Ҫ뿪ȥУʱȻüͷ߽ɫ΢ӡȻԭʧ
Ů붴󣬿ʯһۣ˸һ˿Թ
ȥΣŴŮŮһЩСѾɱԷʯҺһ˶һԾ˳޵ı֮ڡ
ڲ󣬱鲼̣ڳ۸֮ڳڣһ·ʿ࣬ЩʿΪȣߵǽᵤڣ͵㡣
һ·й䣬Ŀ̴ܵѰԼ֮ͬʱʶһֱڶħͷϵĿԼ뿪ʯڵһ䣬һʯ壬óһ¯¶֮ɫְѴ˵¯Żԭأһɫԥ
ЦŮУҲżɱǴ㿴ڣû˿ƽԼĽƣҲǴӲ棬֤һԼƵ
Ĵ㣬һңдŮһ
߼䣬ȻĿһһԵĵϣ̸Լ㣬ϵ̷͸˿˿ڴ֮ϣһ޴İңɷĿ֡
Ŵ˸¶һ˿Źֵ΢Цļǵã϶ǣԼƤȡ¯ұ˿ӣ׷ɱӶħΧһȷѪꡣ
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뵽вĸһŮ̾һĽ⣬ܿѪп磬ʵڲκǣңĻһԼٴ´ôŮȻǣ
һֵģԼǰٶȷ顣
ʱһζȥĽǷȻڻ˵
Ľ󣬱ǿֵĿ⣬ٴα̧Ų߽
˴϶ȣڴ»ֻǴ˴һѡ
߽֮ܿ˿˵ڶ㣬̤˲ɲǣֽŲһ٣ĿȻ˶ǽϡ
棬һž޴֮Ƥһһ·ŵһ
һɫ˿ŮŮŹӣĿһֱǽϵƤеּۣ֮ͨĴжϳԷΪȻﵽᵤڡ
ද˵ƤڱΪһţۣͬȼֵ֮ôҲԻȡ
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ðѯһ䣬ǴӺδֳʵ
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ֵ˵ͷĿƤƿŮϡ
ŮйӣȻЦ˵ʵﵽǺã֪ǶǰħΧ϶Ƿֲһ¯ȡӵдƤʿ˵ڶǰħΧҲľ
˴϶뿪һ·ᵤʿ׷ɱһǽᵤڣʱֻڴԲˡԭ±Ӧ˶Ȼ³ʵȴˣЩᵤʿ׷ɱ£Ȼͻﵽ˽ᵤڣ󲻿˼һ·նɱ׷֮ˣƵλᵤʿóħɱ
һƽһУûа㲨һֱŮ˵ֻ꣬Ե˵ͷ㲻ѯʴ¡
תһȦʮƷʯļ۸һЩϣֻһЩʯһö˵Ǽ¼˹ŴͷҲص뿪ˡ
ƤȻİڷڶǽϡ
Ϸ棬ֵҲ⣬ƽᦵвϣȻȫŪ룬ʵϳīʯ֮⣬ΪѰҲס
˲֮⣬ڴȴЩüڣҲû̫µĹŴϣڣҲֻǼ¼һЩɢĩ֦ѡ
йؼ򣬴ֱֲѯʣǴӲ̽һûκջ
»صȻʯڣֿһۺ󣬱صԼʯңϥ£׼ᦡ
ΪȶԷ߳ܶ࣬˷붴ûа
óǵԹڶصᦵٴϸɨһһ󣬶ʱ顣
óīʯ߻󣬰ᦵвһһó˴˰ĳַ䣬ںһ
Ҫķ߶һھѪ֮ʼ
һ̣нܣ֮Ϊ
˵ᦵϤսԵĲͬȫһϵͳǶڵͬ
ʱɳɶ̣ݳʼᦵӡ
ᦣϴʮǧŰپʮŸƣôͿɴɣʵϣ˽ᦹĸƷʡ
ĸƷԴϵĽ֣зֱǾŰپʮšǧŰپʮšǧŰپʮԼյľʮǧŰپʮš
ֵһĿ꣬ǾŰپʮŸƣ
ҹϥڷ˫ǰϱ任ǰƮһ˰ɫС죬аʮһڰߡ
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һУּΪСģҹʱ䣬׼ȷ˵Ѿ˼ʮƣÿԳɹӡϡ
γԺַ֣ͬĽƣ˽ֻվŴΣһֵʮͬĽƣô֮ǰŸҲ֮ɢ
ϢҪ任ʮʱȻ̧ͷʯң¶һ˿â
ͨڶħͷĿڷڣʯ飬óڵ¯ⵤ¯Ϊϣһɢ΢âĻֽ
Ůٴ¶֮ɫܿ죬һҧδⵤ¯ڴڣǷڻУĵ߳䣬ʯ⣬תͷ¶Թ֮ɫܿ㱻ڸǹȥ
Ůվʯ⣬Ļǰô˵һȴ
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ŮĿ΢ڶʯһģһͣ뿪˶
ֱչصһڣŮÿһʯڣǷЦԷ뿪վӣ˳ȥ
Ůҹǵ¯ȥȻ̬⣬ֶǵ¯Ҳһ˿棬Ҫ֪֮ǰոսⶴʱʶȻϸĲ鿴һȦδκ쳣
Ȼǵ¯߱һЩԶʶ̽ķͬʱڴŮѴڴҲһ˿²⡣


205 ϢеԪӤ
ħڣûɫеģֻ͸Ӷݽ˿¹ǵˣʿ˵һ˿һĹ㣬ߵá
˶һ·ٶȷɿ죬ֱɽųȥھʱӰһ٣ţӳ߳һˣ£ͷϴŽۣӼ·ڡ
Ǻ˿һۣû˵תȥԥܿһҧĸȥ
һ·Ϊ˳߹ţûκǵĻǰ
ԶԶͨڶħͷһкĵٴЦͬ飬һ翣ںĸš
Ǻ˵Ϊͨڶħͷһ۱㿴ֻǽᵤڰˣɱֻһʶ
ֻҹΪأֵҪҵĺˣƽԼĽơ
ˣɽźһ·򶫣۶ȥھǧһֵɽ£ͣ
棬Ӱ˴ˡǺ˵ϥأ˫ַǰһͬӡ̬¶֮ɫ
ȥɣǺƵɽڣ촫һƺƵݶһ·ܵĺĻɢ¶ɽ嶥˵һСͤӡ
Ǻ˵ͷǣվͷҲصļ۶Уתۼ䣬ʧȥӰ
ִʱվھ˵һǧһɽϣ뿪һüģʱħͷƮɢ
ȻѾõֵٺЦ˼ѸƮߣ䷽λǺ˱ؾ֮·
˵ʱվں֮⣬ĵɵٴԥʵϽҹһУ롣
ֱչصӣһЩʿΪֹɹԭȻȴû뵽һᵤڵĻҵУȥһط˿Ϊ⿪ơ
ȴҪһĴۡ
һɵԥʹһᵤڵʿΪ£ô˵ΪȻ
ܷĻƣ˵ϾֵΪȻﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ԥʱڵڶ죬Ҳǽ磬ǽᵤڵʿһϸļ¼Ʒǰһϵмʱ
Ҫ֪ѰƳ˽ʱҲֻǶ΢ᵽı֣ûϸ̸ۣԣйƵһб仯˵ʩ֮⣬ֻΪ˽⡣
ڿ˲䣬ԥģ̼ᶨðһԣ
ˣ˽ҹһĻ
ʱ̧ͷźɽ嶥˵СͤԿСͤУһӰƣ裬ò
ǰܻڽƣҧ´˵
˵Ӱдһ˿ɿܵϣһ䣬ʱܵĺͻȻһɫ໥һγһͷڣɽСͤβڴŮ¡
ǿѹ̤֮ϣһȥ
ܿ죬ɽСͤϵ˲䣬˴ͤеˣ꣬òãһɴۣ֮Ŀǣڿɲǣ˫¶ɡ
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˳ҡͷ˵˵ô²Ϊ㻯˽ƣҴɸ㣬ƣħںƽ֮˲࣬Լǰɡ
粻֮һҧ˵ãǰƽ⣬ǳɹȻȫ֪
˹һЦվӣһӣʱгһɫʯͷʯͷԲΣϹ⻬ޱȡ
óϴʱʯͷ˸߲ʹâţһ⣬ͷüĴ
ӶʱһܸоǺһ壬ʱɢ˿ߣ궯
ʱ̬ΪأĶϸ۲졣
ʱ䲻ü֮ϣ¶һķţųһ˿ӵϢ˿ŵ˲䣬¶ϲ֮ɫȷϹŽƣû뵽Ȼ˻ֽơ
Ŀҧָ⣬һѪʯ֮ϣʱʯâһΣһһĿֱָüĴǸ֮ϡ
ʱͻϣȻ¶һƬӰӰ¶һͷͻȻڴŮüģ޿һţһһȥ
ţӰСޣͽȻһ˫͵ع˲Ѫ˿ʶСС
һз̫죬գۼ䣬Ȼʶ̵³
ʵϣʱ³Ѿעֻ·һ֮ĵȴ뿪ħ֮ʱôҲδǻһ˿
ͬʱСһͣʱʬֻһһ¯һŵɫĽ𵤣ȫʬڷɳС޾𣬾ҪԶȥ
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ܿ죬ָһҪߣĿ¶â˫ȻһӣʱܵĺڴλѴްΧڡ
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ֻˡһܵĺʱһڼħֳַָС޳ȥ
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С޼ȻֵĵڶħͷܻǺǿԣȴ󣬴ħշʱҲЩ䷴ɣɴ˿ɼһߡ
ħûκԥһ𵤣СʱһȦţȻһתһʮʮ٣ʱϰٸСĳΧȦС
ͬʱֻСޣ뷢һȦȦͬŭ죬ĻȥţֻСһѸ͵Ĵ򣬱˴໥һγһ쫷磬Ӵĳ֮һλȻ
쫷һܵģЩĳ£ʱһЩħĲҲɵΪ֮һ١
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ӶͷղŵһĻ΢һ㣬¾ҪΣˣʱĿ⣬ȴ¶һ˿ŨصĿȣ촽ɳƵĺȵȻʶޣˣĳҲҪ
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ƽĿƽ˵ؾóϹŽ֮ˣ
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ƽüͷһ壬ܿԷΪԼ£ǽᵤڣɴ̬ȼΪţȻ֡
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пûдﵽԪӤڣȴ߱ԪӤڵĹ֣ܵβܣ
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ƽһͣܿ˵һЩӽӤʵ鵤ҩӤҪ޷㡣
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206 
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Ϣ磬ǺֵܳĿǰΪֹû˵дڹϢ״̬еʿڡ
ƽ˵֮̽Ķ֣Ͽһ˿ߣϧֵ̬ûκα仯ʼնƽ硣
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ƽ˿ֻҪʻˣôͱʾ֮ǰ˵֮ԼȻƽһ㶼ɣԼղ仰ûд򶯶Էô˶ȻԥĳɱԼ
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ҪģҪٻԪꡢƤ޹ǡڽ⣡֮һ뵽ķİٶĿޣ
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ֲδߴٶԷش⣬ǿǾƱһۣϸĹ۲죬ʲôΪȤ֮һ㡣
ƱڵƣɱɫҲӨ͸ɷ
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ƽԿЦƱһںȾ̾ʦչ֮أʵһ֮걻õ󣬱ΪС
֮Կ˱չʱֽţʵȴ׼˶꣬ǶһЩƣĳо˺þãſԳɹ͵Ϯ
ǣǶر֮ǿȴǼΪ鷳ڽ̫࣬ĳû뵽ǴһħĽƣһϵӦŪһãΪòʧ
üͷ΢壬
ƽڴһģʱг˼öЩϣ˵ҴӡһЩϹŽƵķţѿԿԵѵĽ֮ȻԷ١
ԣһʶһɨƬ̣һ飬֮ȫ򶼱һһЩڼ¼һЩϹŽƣͨЩһַĽƣӦΪػá
ѣ㿴Σƽһʵ
ֳƬ̧̣ͷƽ˵ԪӤʿֱʲô磿
ƽ̻ش𣺡ʦԪӤڣĳĴʦֻ֣ǸոսӤˣǵܴ򿪽ƣôʦԪӤС
ֳĬ˵޷̾ҿǼգ㶨ᣡ
ƽҲ⣬ͷ˵ӦˣĳҲҪ׼һЩѣνǻΪѣ֮ǰᣬĳڴˣĵǸ˵ţվӣ˺󼸲һ
ɫ糣ȴһֱ˴˷ҲΪõŵ¡
ֵĻܱԷЩԻ΢΢һЦӦһȭ˵ѣˣǾͶպʱ˵أ¸֮𸴡
ƽЦݿ䣬˵ͷͬȭ
ӶʱһԾһ磬ʧߡ
ߺƽЦݣʱʧĿһ˿â˸˼ºȻһ෴ķ򣬳۳Ҷȥ
ֻ˿ûע⵽ڴɽ֮ͤԣһȫ͸֮ղŵı飬뿪֮ʱȻϢĽ
ʱ䲻ֱصǣͨħͷеļƽľٶֲܴ֮ǰ˵ǹϢԪӤʦ֮Ǽ٣ֻҪȷһǹ޶ڣйϢԪӤڣô㹻ˡ
֮죬Ϊ׼мӣϢԪӤ֮£Ƿʵ
صƬڵĶϥ£ڴһĨʱ
֮һĴһΪصĵ¯
ʶһɨĴڣ֮Ķֻ࣬ǿһۣ㲻ᣬǴóһһ鿴
ɫ΢Щڣϸйһϵнܣ˵һܸ١
һɫʶ̽ȴһڣȻһ̺Уֹ̽롣
һ˿Ȥ򣬿ɿƽƵʶۣ֮ʱ˫˸Ĺâͫ׳ԲΣƵķţһ
֮һʳָգԱ㼸£ţЩ֮䣬Ȼһϸߣȫһγһ·Ͱͼ
ͼֵ˲䣬һץץŴͼɲǼ䰴֮ϡ
ʱ˸ĹââԽԽڴﵽºͻȻɫҲ֮ǰ񣬱˺ɫ
ʶһɨһΣɵĿ֮ЦŮȻɱŮ֮ǰһμʱһöӡ˵ΪȡĴۡ
ֿ˺󣬲δ⣬˵ЩҩΪģù֮ǰôḶ֮жɻ˹֮ΪҪݣԼ̷£ԹЧӦҲǲࡣ
ڣƷ̷֮ĲͬȣУȻһڵıȴЩͬ
ССı仯ȴǿԳΪʳһ㡣
֮⣬Ʒڣ˵֮⣬һЩԵҩͨЩȻķ֣ȴֱɣԵĲͬ
֮ǰ뷨ȫ󣬼ͬĲϷǰ̷£ƳɵȻͬ
ֲϵһγһֱ仯ӶһֹЧ
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֮ǰ־ҲûнӴֻеĽӴʱ̸֮ʱ֣һҪᵤԶԴ£δѯ̫
صİĿȻԼҪգ
ֿǵ¯ۣó԰棬ȴ֣ⵤ¯޷봢ֵȤ
ûǰѵ¯ڻСڴһģʱжһ˰ɫС졣
죬һ߼ƽᦣһͨй۲ƽж
ʱ˿Ϊ˷ܣΪԼ˵ĿУҪĳ̶ѾԶ϶ɵüΪ⡣
Ҫ֪϶ĳ֣ΣУ϶ԣʱҲΪɵֻԼǵһ֮ħͷԲܱ϶ȥ
ĻʵڵģһܻġϾʮħͷ֣һȥˣʵǱɱҪܡ
Ծô·ԼϴλñҪõıȥĺΰ־򣬴ħ֮ν˲٣ַԸ֮£ȫҧɡ
ħҲһɨ֮ǰ֮飬üΪڷҲʳˣֻҪʶǾͳȥһᡣ
ͬʱÿʶҪ̶ֵķݶҲӵץӸΣ·Ѫһ㡣
˵ħڱֹ֮
ڽƽܶԷٶȶ죬ɵ׷ϣһ׷ţĵһ߻ζղǸ˵ζ
ǺǸᵤڵʿһЩֽţŰɣǽ𵤣ȻûʣǱ㱻£͵͵ˡ
ǰƽĲһ˿̰⣬аðᵤڵʿİȻ͸ԼǾͺˡ
Ϊƻǲֱߣȥʱͣ£󷽣һ׷ҲѣŶԷߣģȻԭҲô໨ѧˣԺ϶ʱҲôһá
ʱͻȻǰƽһ٣ٶ̻ڵϣ¿˿˴һƬԭħ֮߱⣬
غЦȵѣôãǳɣ
ħͷʱһʱվƽ󣬶ԷһȣһãԷˡ
̾ҪˣűͣΪʱƽȻתĿ
¶ɫӺƴˣĽ𵤣ӶȻǿһЩҼҲл˵ƵģӲ̲аȳֵġ
ҪжȻٴһ٣ʱƽȻתȥ𴦣ȻȵѣٲĳҪˡ
ħͷĵ״Ϊɻ󣬰ӾⰡղŲǿôô˵Ҳأ
ĵһһͣٴƮƽǰԷֻвһɵľ룬İְɣֻҪ֣ӾͰˣ̲ȫҲҪһ룬ְɣ
ǣƽһ󣬾Ȼٴת
һΣӦٶ۵ڷ˲ԾٴƮԷǰƿڴ˵ɱǧģûӣȻˣթ
ƽȷûˣӦҲû˸󣬵Ȼģϥأʱȥ
һƮţݺݵضƽԼҪҪ𱸣ȥƴˡ
̫ɶ񣬾ȻϷˣΰ̡
֮ǿѹڹؼʱ̣Լ˴󣬶Ȼᱻ϶ǵȵȰɣԺԼλˣԲ
ʱһΣȥ죬ڣû뿪벽һֱڲϵؼᦣӡƣʱǰƮŵǸģɫϣѾĺڵ㡣
һǲ¶ٸ
棬ÿŸΪһ飬ÿ֮䣬ûκ֮ͬøͷĪ⣬ʵᦵ˲ѵ֮⣬̲Ǻѡ
ֻҪһʹýƵʿĳ
ֻѧȴǼѰʿôĽƣȻܴһˣҲ̫ǿ
⣬ʵ˵ˣͬһҪʩĹ˼ʩ¾ʮǧŰپʮŸƣÿ֮䣬ûκ֮ͬôǳɹᦣνһ˶оֲ̺Ĺʵ޷ǿ
֮þʮǧŰپʮŸƣôԴЧȻʣﵽһէĵز
ͬģǵһѡУôﵽƷʵľʮⷽƿֲ
˵ᦵĴСȫ߸˵ԸȻˣ⻰˵򵥣ʵȴѶȱ֮죬С˶١
ٸӣŰپʮŸƣСɣÿŸΪһ飬Ҳ˵ҪʮȫͬĽơ
Ҫ߼˵ĵһ·ߣþʮȫͬĹ߷ƣⱾ;߱һѶȣֻǶڽоҲǲܡ
ǵڶƷأǧŰپʮŸƣҪоŰپʮ飬ѶһԾʮһ߷ߣʱ÷ëǡ
˵ƷʣǧŰپʮˣѶǵһƷʵİٱһ亱˿˶ģȫͬĵһԽơ
յľʮѶǧ⼸ѾǴ˵еķˣֻùУƷʵĽᦲûУ߱һ߹ƷʽᦣȴǴδֹ
߱һ߷Ľᦣ࣬ҲֻǵƷʰˡǵƷʣȴǱ֮ѰﵽʮƷʣ޼ĳЩ棬Ҫ߳һ
˵򵥣Ҫǿô̫ˡ
˽ᦣߵĲǼ·ߣ˹ػѰеȵȴ󲿷ֽơ
ֻſԿٵİѽ֪ԼħڣʱܻΣԣҪٶһ˽ᦣپǷӦûѴʱһ˵һԵĽᦡ
Ͼڵīʯһ飬˽ᦣ
ֶ˫ֱ任ٴδһƣʱ΢ͨħͷƽľٶ
ƽھȻһȻƾԭʧһ֮£صףڵصѰƽӰ
ڴ˴ԭ֮£һڲ󣬵ȴصļ˳ⲿһЩƣûκá
˶̿ƽһʯڷĵ伮ʯڼһ麣ڷ伮о󲿷ֶΪϣʽڣǿϡ
ƽ̬ΪأСķ伮ţһᣬɫһϲһһԵʯϣİ򿪺鿴
ҪǰʱʯȻһ֮⣬⡣âһ䣬ƽ̧ͷʶɨһȦûκη֣¶֮ɫĿֹ
֮µͷ鿴ֻ֣ȴһֱŷʱԹ
֮޷ǰǱ棬ϵ̽λãֻܿдżС֣ϹŽơ
ƽüͷ΢壬¶֮ɫϣ·ϣãɫ߳˴ʯҡ
Աߵʯڣϥ£һ򣬰ڶͷ֮ϣĿ˼
ʱһΣʱѹգʱƽȻ˫ۣڴڣӡһ⣬һԵǽϣʱǽڷ֮ƿ¶һ̨֮
ֻ̨ϣڷмһ˰׷Ʈ죬˫Ŀŭ¶֮ɫ
ԣֱվһһŮе˫ĿɫſԼʮꡣŮݣȶˣ˫¶һ˿֮ɫʹˣΪ
ƽĿ⣬Ůʱ¶һ˿飬ʱĿȴ¶ĺ⡣
ƥ򣬴ʦ֣ҵóϹŽ֮ˣû뵽ɣôȥڿٴνžۣһΣǼҵˣ
ƽ˵꣬ʱЦЦ¶һ˿֣ŮӣϸĦ˵һ¸ģħҲĸԸ
ջ֣˺󼸲ٴδһ⣬ʱǽϲ
ϥڶڣͨĿһУĿһ˾ϡ
ڶҹڴһƣʱС죬ȻһϺڵ㽥ȫʱС죬ԭɫ棬׵ı˺ɫ
һ˿˿ϵϢӴɢһƣֲϣջһɫķţ˸ˣϵתܿ죬ᦣ֮ķȫ
ʱȻţǣһɷɵŽܣԲ쿪
ͬʱħں֮ϣ͸Ũܵһֱ쵽ʮ֮ϵ֮⣬棬һƬǿա
˿̣ǿ֮УͻȻƣͿԽԽ󼸺ﵽ˰
Уһ˿˿ǵ壬ڻɢµħŨһ̷֮ɳɳ֮ͬһѻ˱ѩһ㡣
ʱħںһöѻɽУȻ߳һˣȫһƬ֮Уò
̧ͷϷŨŨĿ·Դ͸㣬һƬƣ٣ܣԴϹڴѺѾûٴڣڵʿޣ٣ѵϹʿûˣǿϺõĲƷ˵꣬Ȼһ˺֮˲ƶȥ
ħ֮˵һ޴أУȻźˮҪ֪ڲļڣ˵أȻкˮ֣νǼΪ˼顣
⺣ˮʱҵķλãȻð˻һɫ۵ӣ̤˻Ͽգ¶һ˿죬٣ħڣʲôʱôֵ鷢ˣٵĳ֣ǻЩصļļϹȫɡ¶һ˿΢ЦӴӺƮֳһץʱеĺˮȻ䷢֮ȻƮ
һĻΪ𺳣ڵĺˮƮ󣬴ڽˮУǰһָʱǺˮͻȻ䶯֮ƣǰ۶ȥ
ٶȣȴǱЩԪӤʿ˲ƣҪֹԽԽ죬֮תۼʧ١
ħ֮һͨĳǳڵڵ㣬һ׷ԲԡƵߣһ޹ǣϲĶһʿꡣ
λ̨һٺ˵˵ʮĸô
ʿʱһ࣬ڲ֣ôͰǰһ¥һֱ¥ϼһһͷҲ߰˲ҡ
޷ܵģͷ˵ʱˮЩƲסҪ
ʵߣһɨӣҴ뿪󣬿߾ȻǾʿۿܺܶ˶ڿӳһƷʯ޹ǱͷҲصЦ뿪
Ѿ⣬ҹȻҪϼһÿ
ǰ׷ߣЦеļʯߴһڣصķڻУʱɫȻһ䣬͵̧ͷƲ㡣


207 ɱȡ
׷ԭǵ˫ۣȻ˸Ĺâ֮ǰձ壬ֱһ˲䣬ͽȻ
ڳǳصʿʱһܿƣһĴ׷кȻ
ָоĿ죬ȥҲһܿ죬ǷȻһɲǼԭʧӰ١
ʱֻϿյħУͻȻһţһֻǧɵľ޴䣬̽ӡ
޴ͷ­͸ѹͷһۺſںݺݵһʱܷԲ֮ڵٴ麣һ㣬ݺݵһڣһãŰѸںǰ߶ȥ
ıϣվ֮ǰǸ׷ߣƿڴһˣȻôҲ³Ҫǳˣóʲôζ
˵֣ʱϥڶڣ֪ΪΣͻȻľ֮УָоǴħ֮ϴ
üͷһ壬һ٣Ҫᦣȴ̷֣ϣһ֮Ȼ޷ջء
˹һĻɫһ䣬͵վӣ˫仯ڽ֮ϣÿ룬̱֮ɢûһܴ͸
ʱ˿̣ľ֮ԽԽǿңüͷһ壬ʶ֮۶ʱȻ䣬ɫĴ
ͨʶۣ֮Ŀǽ֮УɢһϸϸĺߣӶңңֱϡ
ɫ˵ǰһ壬򿪶֮ţӰ͵˸ڶ֮⣬סӣ̧ͷȥ
ֻǵߣԶƮϿյħ֮УֳĬüһ㣬ʱڶħͷʶڳ
ħͷֺ󣬲ַԸӱһûֵʶۣ֮ԿһӰԼٶȣѸû֮С
ɫһ޳ڣȴûһǺߵĴڡ
ĵΪɻľ֮УԽԽǿңָоֻеԹͿ˾ʱй֮ͬ
ĬѸٷͿ˾ļ䣬ҪͨЩ˿׳ʲô飬Ϊνһ֣㷢˹һĻ
˵ǵڶħͷһ·ٶȼ죬֮ں֮Уħͷǰó֮ޣڻΪħͷٶȸǿʵϣǱٶȣ֣Ҳ첻ޡ
ǰƽԺסޣôֻҪһλᣬô̱ٶȣʧӰ١
ף˲˸ħ֮ϣ۶ȥ
ʱ˿̣ħ֮ϣƬʮͺƣͻȻһ£ԭʮĴСȻֻмλãһ͹㡣
͹ԽԽγһ·װˮһ㣬׹
һ˲䣬ײ֮ţײȻһȱڣһ·Թᴩȸǵľ޴֮һɻ֮ƣͽȻ䣬
֮ٵ˲䣬ܵĺƣٵСԭʮѸټٵ߰
ȻЩٵĺƣȻȫ֮У
Ǻ֮ٶ󣬼գۼ䣬֮ϣ䵽ħ֮Сһ·ϴӴƿ֮֮½·ϣһȦȦԲεĲƣɢȥ
˴˻β⣬ܣϸСĿռѷ죬޾ѷ죬ͬһ汻ľһ㣬˿ȥɵִĿ֮С
Ǻ֮ħ˲䣬ħĺȻڵޣȫŭȿֺߡ
ͬʱħѸɢƣӺգֻǺ֮ٶȻѸºȥ
³ԽԽħɺգħڣں⺣еҵķѸź֮ڵķ۶ȥ
տȥԿħڣеγһȥľ޴Уеĵ㣬ǻصĺ֮
޾ϵӿȥͬʱԽԽĺƣǺ֮Ʈ
գǺ֮뵽ħ֮дԼ֮ľħΧȻȫӿںʱ˿̣ħΧһΣɢһɶ
û֮ʱĺˮû֣⣬һΣħΧ
ڵԼɣĳǳأһ֮ɫʿ
еʿһҲûмǿҵ⣬ļ
ǰħһ޴ԲȦôʱԲȦܱȻȫСеǱΪƣǳ׵ں۶ȥ
ʱںֹ֮ͣλãĴСȻȦ·ħеһִޱȵĺ֮ȻӭǺ
ʱеĽӵϣɢһ㻷ˣѸƶȥǱ˻˲ȫѳɻңĸɸɾ
ͬʱӣɢˡ
鲢ûнУʣµ߰ƣȻһٴλһͨ˲һ¡
һΣеĺѨƬУҲûһ˿һĺƣȫ˳֮ǰ·ߣȻ
֮ǰ֮·ϣûգۼ䣬ӱ˸ղŵλϣǼĺһ
һħڣʿĺ¡֮ƺƵĴͬʱƬƬĺ׻ƣħ֮С
ӣСһȻǿĽ
ڶħͷڼƲ֮󣬱ѸٻسͨħĿ𺳵һĻ
ʱħڣеʿȫ׷߳ǳأ߳һЩڱչ֮еģҲ׷ֹͣһ̧ͷ졣
ͨڶħͷڿǺ֮˲䣬й䴫ڣȻĳһ
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ͨ񴫳еļ䣬̰йص飬Ѹɨһ飬ڼУͿ˾١
˿ʼʱЩɵ֮⣬һĴԺٶڹ˵ΪϺõĲƷ
ͬʱÿιʱҲ٣Щʱ򣬹ֱƷʣٵжϡ
Խ󣬾˵ԽǿԽС򷨱ҲͲ㡣
ȻֻһּΪֲڵļ㷽ʵϣкܴƫͱ˵ڵᦣ޷ȡ
ʵٵԭ򣬻ǳīʯϣīʯڹ̺̫ԶȻȻմȾһ˿ϢԣŻѾ겻٣״ν١
ͬģѾûгˣܵȻﵽһֲֿĳ̶ȣһֻһٱ߱
һϢֶȻף֮ǽᦣ
˵ѸٳضȻƮڰգ˸âĽᦣ˫ֲϵشһƣҪͼߡ
ָղŴӹõϢıٴнᦣô˷̳Ϊĩ
ѾƵķ־ٻٵʶ֮˸â˫ֲϵشֽƣҪѴջء
ģ֮һ˿иֻȻûлͣʱд֮ϣֻѸɢڽڰˣתۼ䣬ħһΣû˺ˮû¶һޱӴ󣬿߼ʵľ޴̵ء
ӣûκ֮һΣٶȻﵽޣĿ꣬޳ǣ
˳ڵʿ׷¶ֻ֮ɫһչȫһɢ
֮£
ڻ޳ǵ˲䣬ȻͷʼȫƬıԵ
ڶڣֻоһɴͻȻ˲䣬Ѫ̾һҪ
ʱǽ֪֮ΪΣȻ˲ʧĿһûκԥץסᦡ
ͬʱһޱһ̣ڳ˳ֻ˲䣬һ˿ƻһϸߣͻȻޱڳԼٶȣֵĽ
ϸٶ̫죬ְѽᦷ봢ҲûκãֻǴһ˲䣬һҧһ䣬ǺɲǣнȻ֣ᦣһתһδƵķС
һУڵʯ֮䷢ָոջ귨˲䣬ɫϸߣȻϣǷʱ̼۶
ֻǷ˲䣬ȻһСؼ΢СĺߣһһΣû˿Ӧ˲䣬˿ϸߣϡ
һɲǣһѪڽ𵤣ҲС˲٣ֹס˿ɫϸڱ
ɫ԰ףܸоԼ׻ңȫƾŽ֮ǿֹ˿ߵı֪Լʱޣ޷ʱ˿ôȴģǽ𵤺ķȫ󣬽飬壬ţʶҲӲ֮
ʱܳʿ࣬һҲû˷ֵ쳣Щʿϻ̶ӣ˷Ѹٶߡ
ǣһ
ʱһɫϸ꣬ħڵٵ£ȫΪƣʧڶʱŨܵˮ
ħڣԴ֮⻹ǵһΣˮ䣬ˮǺɫ
һΣٴӰ켫ħڵȫʧһһϵӦڶ֮е֮һЩ󲿷֣ȴǴ˳
һЩԭ֮еǿޣҲһһħħһ֣Ӧøĳħ̵أΪǡ
ڶƽʱǺܳ޳֣һϵɱˣɱ޵¼еʿ֪Щڽڵҩ̣Ϊ
ͬʱΪħ֮ϵȫʧħʧȥȻϣһħܱܵ׷װĿ⣬Ͷħ
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˽ȴмʿʱɱ˶ᱦһħڱͼΪҵľƣøӻ
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ħرСɣΪһ߱ٴڵ໥ɱзɽ䣬졣
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һΨһǲϵɱȡ㹻һٰǺߣƳ⡣
һͱҪɱˣ˫ɱδйŨ֪ԼĿǰɱٶȣôȻԶԶ
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ʱԶȺУͻȻһһֻ޴㣬Ĵӵںڵ˫ۣ¶Į֮⣬ңңĶ֡
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ӰһѸԶߣƷޣŭһӴһ׷ȥ
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ܿ죬ֱǧʿЩʿУǽᵤڡ
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ʱͻȻһͺߣԶ
ħħΧڣֹһɱ㣬°ɣ
ûκԥڶԷ˻ڵ˲䣬̺ˣ۶С
˵֮Цһ˲ʧƾճǰͬʱһӣʱһɴȻǰƳ
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ĿԪӤʿɢϢԼղŵ˲ƣȫԿֻ˵ΪȻԪӤڣַ֮£жϣ˺пܣֻԪӤڡ
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Ӳ˫еͺȵƣ
ʱһϵĽƣһ˸һɫĽ֮ףǰǷɽڽ֮ϣʱ佣һƷţ˲䣬ѷɽ㱻޾ĽƷŲ
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ӵɫһαˣ֮⣬¶أ֣˵˭ĵӣ
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ͬʱĵҲһ˿̰
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Ҫ˵˫Ȼ͵󣬶֮ֻУһ˴棬һɫȻġᰡ֡
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ˣ˫ַһʱŽᦣѸټߣһֱ˳ִ֮һƣʱڵŵֻڻ˳
һ˲䣬ٶչԶԶʧӰ
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ⲻɵ׷֮Ϊ֮һ⣬ǴʶСᰡֵĴûǴǹŵ֮
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ִӴóǻ۵ҺֻвٵΣʮκǿֹ˽СĬְ̾һ֪һֱȥôԶûоͷΨһİ취ֻһ
һҧʶڵ̻ˣʶȻȫڻ֮ϡ
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ڣǰѰķɱ˶ᵤ޷ϸ˿գһֻðգٴʶѣ
һΣȻ˻ˣˣʶѵΣԣҲ̽˲٣Ͼ֮ǰĵһΣʶѶ󣬲ֻ߱һŴڻ״̬ˡ
ʱΪ̻˵ĳ֣ʹѳʶĳϽǼλ꣡
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ֵıʶʱڣڵ֣ʶΪһĴɫʱɳڵڳһӺϥڿڣɽóᦣ
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ͬʱһƣȻֱ֣ܣţſŻҰɫľ޴Ʒţڳ֣Ʈܣһ
ᦺ֮ǰµĽ𵤡
˵Щʶʱɢ֮󣬷ʿֻҪԪӤ֮£һϣɱ֮ȡ𵤡
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һԭͻҵħΪƵĳɱ¼øΪԽԽˣ뵽УһЩɣҲ
ϥڽᦸ֮ڣɫΪ԰ףڽ𵤣Ѿָֻ׸ǴСΪǵᵤڡ
⼸ʶõĽ𵤣ºȫһλã׼ڹؼʱ̣ϸ˿һ
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һɫᦣڣţԽԽյȫʶ»ع˫¶һ˿âڵȻϸ˿
λð֮ڣķΧڣȻһСһС죬˴߳һ׷ӰС
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⴬۳ԼʮɣϵŸͼڴͷϣһݵĵΪ
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⴬۵ٶȱ֮ɽҪһ˿ȴ߶ҲΪʡ£վڴϣֻһĹĻڴܣ治£Ѿά˴µĺɫ㡣
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ʱͻȻһܾħؼԶԶԶȥȻԸо
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ڹ֮ϣվһߣʱָգвϵԻܸԶȻһֲĴ˹
XX٣ղŻû˵꣬ں˵˵ǧ˰ʮ״


208 յ
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áߣʱӻóһĺ«ݺݵĺһں󣬼ƽĴۣһۡ
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ǹŴ󣬵ʦִ˴ʱͷ󷨣ȻΪʯڵĹϵûз紵ԱŴȴҪƷʯƷʯħڣĳû˭ӵУ󷨣Ҳʹûпƽתͷһۣƽ˵
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ԭĴ㣬ҵϺѰһŴ޸ʱǰôһ󷨣ôȫֲûдϵĲ㡣
Ψһϧģ֪󷨴͵һˣںη
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ҶʯңڴŵϹʿźźѾûˣʦ˼ңƳ˵ҩ˵꣬ٴδʯҲ漴ڹȻһС
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Ŀƽ˵ԪӤδϢΣ
ƽҡͷַģҿԿ϶˶ڹϢ״̬ΪԷһĳ׼һ˵ţӴóһϺɫ㣬һ㣬ʱȼɢ̴֮ζ
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Ŀ˸ʱΪԪӤԼпܻӤɹѹĵ׵ڴѸټ۶ߡ
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Ľ𵤣ʱͿɫԽԽСϣȻһ˿˿ѷ졣
һ˿Ӥļڳ֡

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ʶʶʶ˫ͨ죬
ڵĽ𵤣ûȫԱָ׸ǴС
֮ǰ־ͶԼĴǷӰԼӤйжϣʱδȫȷղһĻȴ統ͷһ׵ףԼӤѹأ⼫ʶ
νҲҲȴǼȵҪ֪һУΪʲôΪʲôڽӤ˲䣬ʶ᲻ܿƵĽ𵤣
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뵽ѸһƽȥĶλã۶ߡ
ƬԭʱƽǷԷֹôֶȻɾɱ
ȻƽһԪӤӤԲǶ̶̰ʱ䣬ͿɵģԴʱƽֲġ
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ֱΪ֮ʵһ٣Ļܻͬʿһ飬Ψ٣ž߱
յ㣬ܶͬԴоߣͳһΪԪӤڡҷʷȴǷһȤ
Ҫ˵ʷûм¼˭ӵмֻҴһЩ˿ҳӵмʿ
ЩˣеֹڽᵤеֹԪӤеģֹڻ񡣿˵ûκιɿԣȫǿ˻Ե
ʵҶڼоͻƣҪһˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣȴҼģһʿ
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ԪӤڣôҪһΪֻˣſմﵽԪӤڡ
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֮˫¶֮ɫԭλ߳
Ҫģǳ׽Լϵƣ


209 ɢķ
ֻг׵İƽֲſʵʩеļƻ߳˶Ŀ˸âĬȻһ̳صף֮Զ۶ȥ
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ģĽָ糣ΪٴδﵽᵤڴԲļӤ硣
ͬʱжϾڵһԥϵĿڵƣȻȥ
ǰǴμʶ𵤵ʱڵͲһɱըԵĳӰ죬Ȼദɶļ
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֪СϷֻΪԼȡһЩʱˣܳʱƭùԷֻҪģʱ䣡
ǰһ壬˴˶ͬʱһץᦱպã۶ȥҴ뿪
ħ֪ȻܼĻȻ鷳ϣԭƻԴﵽԪӤôħ裬˶һЩڵϹ֮⣬ûκξ֮ˡ
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뿪ٶȷӵޣ˼һǽŵ棬Ȼǰ߶ȥ
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210 
Ŀʶɢٶȼ죬һ߷УһܺɨȻһ٣˫򱱷ڴ˵ǧ⣬ʿ򶫼۶С
ʿԣһͲΪңһǲ꣬Ϊﵽ˽ᵤڡɨһۺȻһԱ֮ƣŶ˷ȥ
ΪȻڵĵӣ˴ʦǰȥڹһεĿᣬνᣬʵеһεҩᡣ
ƵĵҩһЩļҲʱ˹ףֻһ㶼ʮһεĿϣһεСͿᣬǳɵһЩͱӲμӣһСС
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˻һ䣬ǺĻ̶һƴ£뵽ɽ֮УգǧȫӺĻڳ֣תۼ䣬ɽ£İ
һ٣ᦶʱСУһ˦֮£Ĵ͸ʯС
ʱ⿴ȥɽвĶȻʧκζߣɽ¿ҲѰĺܣûκγ֮
ֳ˫ӶӰƣֱɽܵļϣһϵвӰƣóһܵķȦ˿
ǰһ̤ɽµ˲䣬ȻʧȥӰʱȻ붴ڶڣڴһĨ̶һ
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ٴһ붴ϷɽΪһ壬γһ
˶˵ֵĿǰΪֹõΪܵһ
䶴ڷϻ˴ĶԭΪⶴûʲô⣬Ҫסܳʱ䡣
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ħͷ¶ӰͷԵ˫һ飬ͬʱӲװһΪ֮ɫֵͷ¶ֺ֮Ц
ָһʯңӽ쿪ʼħڴʯûҵ߳ʯһĻĨ𡣡
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ħּʶȻһڴʯܺɨһȦЩ˻
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ЩֳĬƬ̣мʯڣϥºüصһ㣬ʱһ˸߲ʹâԲüƮԲ򽥽ʵ¶ӡ
ĬĬĿӼۣһӣƮһԣţִӴóƿַҡ
ı˫ۣĴ
ʱһδҴҶתۼһȥһʱ䣬ֳÿնҪɼҺ⣬弸һ
һδְڶǲϵѹջУ֮Уٵһɫϸ˿
ٵϸ˿Ѿȫѹסֲֻ˿иϸ˿Сȴٵһã屻ϸ˿Ūûһ˵徭һ飬ֿɲȥ֤һ
Щµʱ䣬ĵĥһ֮ͨΪͣͲǰƫŷ
һֱڣļǵõսĺɽɽ֮ڿս³ʼ棬ƾż̻֮
ķڿ͸֮ͨһ߱ͨķţõķȫһ
ͬʱ£ٶȣڽӤ˲䣬ߺһӶ߽Ӥĳɹʡ
ֻ⹦ȱķȱݣԳһֺûаΪԪҲֻвӡ
֮ûѡΪҩ࣬Լʳܸáڣȴ֮ϣһ˿ɢͻƳΪԪӤʿķ
һ߷ڰӵڴﵽԪӤڣںϣһȻƹֹڽᵤڵ֣
һȲɢֿͻΪĻᣬֻ棬һΪѣǾڰӵʱ䣬ﵽԪӤ
ռĸӵʱӳ㣬ճʱռڣֿԻýӽӣҲһٰʮʱ䡣
滹һҪ⣬ǵҩ
⣬ڣõ𰸣Ҳڵ֪ҾڲԶ̾ڴ˵رչصԭ
Ŀƽǰĵϣƿװһʱ䣬ϵµҺҲΪԼķ׼ĵһ
ĬƬ̣һ˿ϣ˫ı˫ۣ֮Ҫ󣬿ʼ
֮ǿԿ͸ôǺѣ˵ûκιϵȻĻսĳ³壬˵ǵʱս֮ˣȴֻǼʦΨһһ͸Ҽ¼֮ˡ


211 
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˴ԣ˵رȻȡߡ
ڴ˴ԣһʿţҲһʿŲɣϼ֮أڲһرڻõĴԣʹչ
ͬ꣬Ƴһö𵤣˵ҩƷʴﵽƷף书ЧɢԪӤʿ޸Ҫﵽá
˵ҩһʱиߵڣӳ޲Ϊ֮Ŀļħ壬һܵЭ飬˴˵ǰɽϣһ׷ⷨǿѰļҲǿйơ
ͬĩ£ڹ㿪ɽţʮһΪʮյͽ֮񣬾ʹչ
ڸ壬׷ǲϵǰȥڣϣһԾ룬ΪڵһԱӴ˹ҫ棬ˮǴߡ
ֻڵͽҪŹ֣ɽͽһԵ
һÿʮһεͽ֮ʵϣҲȡʮ˰ˣÿζӿɢǧȣʵ΢
ڵʢͽϡ٣һϵյµĽǣеɢޣҪΪڵӡ
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޴ɫ壬ͬһ߸߹ĵһͨٿأ˿Ʈڵ¥֮ϵС
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һ峿ƣ̲Ƶһ⣬˷۶УѸڷȥھһǧʱ׷£¶һ޵ŮŮЩͶеǶˣеǸ泤
Ϊ˱ʾڵ𾴣Իһǧ⣬еİʦ֮˶ٷУǿ˫ţǰ
ʱǴȥĿɽŷԲǧ֮ڣ½½ŮŮ׷ײǰ
ɽ⣬վʿЩǰʦ֮ˡ
ʱɽ⣬һһŮʿǰߣУԼʮ߰ˣУĿƽ½֮һɫɽĴ壬ʾѾǽŵӡ
ߣһ˫ʮ껪ŮŮɫȹͬɫ˿˰͹£Ҳй˿ɿζ
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Ůֳἰĸ鲻ɵһĬԹԵĵ˵ͷֳ˵磬ܰڣôרŸһ㿴ôʱΪˣǾͻؼЩϼһǿúõĽѵǡ
˻תͷȥ˫¶һ˿âΪóܲסûаѵ֮ʵ档
㿴ˣ·ùְŮ۾ǰһ꣬ڿЦ
̧ͷһֻǰ⣬һֲ꣬ǰߡҪ֪ڰʦ֮ˣһЩɢԼ壬ûκη˿˵ء
ԣڴϣٻῴ˵һĻһͨɽĴ硣
Ůͷ˶һۣû˿ͣջĿ⣬ǰߡ
˫һ˿죬֪ԼõòΪˣһ·ʿ޲׷ײĿڽǧ֮ںһ·ǿߣ⼸ۣΩ꣬Ŀƽˮڿʱûκβ
ʶһɨΪֻڶˡһۺ󣬱ջĿ⡣
Ů꣬¶Ȥ֮ɫ첽˹ȥιҲʦģ
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ʱߵǸŮһڴóö֦һۺ󣬴Ůһݣ˵Բԣ
꿴һۣҡͷǰ
Ůһ㲻ᣬǻصߣ֦ȫС
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ƽ̨ܣվżʮɫڵӣǵϣĮ֮ɫԼ͸һɰϾѾΪڵһԱݱ֮ЩʦߣȻ߳һȡ
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ͬʱһڵȻ𣬹ڷӿΪ׳ִۡĺӷ·֧صֱһ㣬ڵչʣϿͿ価ͷ
úεȷʽֻҪܸ֮ܵڵкʣô˹غϸʱʱ˵ʱ촫˵һһԣվӡ
ɫ糣ĿƽĶźӣ˼˵ǷʱʶΪûаڷڣΪʶ⣬յȫ䣬ȴһ˿©
ʱĿ΢вϵطģ¶һ˿Ц⣬ĳֽ֮ƵãǶв鿴߽ĳơ
ַųһЩʦĵӣֻֻһʣǾ𵽵ãҪʲôط
Ҳ˵ڵƣҳʲôĵӣ
ֶԽƵ˽⣬ǰƣѰ˵νǸ޷ƽ֮һʯ̨ϵǧˣܿ͸ߣûС
ֿ͸ôԵ̫ԣ躹޵뷨źܴĳ룬ʵص㣬صֵģԼܳ˽Ҫͨ˽ѰʲôĵӣôóȻԼĽ֮ƽ˴˽ƣôȻڵע⣬ʱ͵òʧˡ
ԣûƽ⣬ǾĵȴŲţڰôƣʵϾΪ˰Щ˾ۼһȻûκ˺ϸ
ûҪ˶ãȻΪҳĴ𰸡
ʱţתۼ䣬ʱȥʯ̨ϵˣһЩסˣѾʶ̽飬ʶһǺ̱һֹĵ˻ƾ뾡ûгɹ
һˣȻһĴóһľ񣬿дʣźһӡ
һͽǸˣûκλǰʯȴϸĵ⵽˵ݣܵЩڵӣȴм¶һĹŹ֮ɫ
ľһ֣̱һֻ޴Ľһ󣬳ڣǽ˲䣬Ȼһֻ֣һץסս˺֮С
ͷŽĵӣɫһ䣬͵վӣתڵǸ˵ǰ黹رǰ
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ǣǿˣôһ˵ǱҲ֪ˣǣʯ̨һ꣬Сʵ
ᣡ֮˭Կ͸ôȻͻ֪İء΢΢һЦش
ںֵֻ˲䣬˫ȻһһֱƵı仯Ǵֳֵ˲䣬¶һ˿϶ͨ˿϶ʶۣ֮̿ڣȻƮҩ
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ֽЩķ϶ѾڵľϾһ˫ɿƽƵʶ֮ۡ
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ƷԴʲôֲ֪ʱͻȻ֮Ȼ˸⣬ţȻ˸ââӺֶڰտһȦ󣬻һöȻ伲۷ȥʯ̨ϣһȻ֪ʲôŮС
ʱڵǸˣ˫ȻһѸǰһŮߣһۣЦˣ˵ţһ٣һڵӷǰ
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ŮһֱʱлԴһƬģԺıڵţɽš
˳ɹأʯ̨֮˶ʱһ۷׷ףԴˣˣͲᡣ
ĿһղĿŮ͸ǺǿԶѡŮ
ڿŮк󣬲δأǰһۣͨ£жϣ˶ǲ鿴Ƿȷѡ˴Ůɴ˿ɼǸղڣȻ¶
Цڵͽ֮Ȼء
ʱͻȻٴ˸âĿһְдһƣڵֻܴһЩ򵥵Ľƣ޷γɽ֮Ȧ
ˣյĽƣǴϹţ֮ͨԶѰʿɱȡ


212 ݳ
ټ˷֮Ҳ˵ʹһзһֵַҲûб˿
ڽƴںе˲䣬Ĳһö˸âȥ
Ŀ΢Ȼӡ֮ϣʱٶͻȻһͬʱٴδһƣһΣ˲˺ڵһҩ֮ϣǵҩ͵شӺڳһâһʯ̨ϵС
˶ʱһ£ſϲĺ⡭ҡҹˣ
ʱڵǸˣ˫͵󣬶ǵҩѸһԾǰ
˵һץҩʱɵУϸĲ鿴һ¶Ź֮ɫ´ǿϲĵһۣ֮󣬲Ż˵ϲ㣬ҪٱˣֱӳΪŵӣһɽţΪ㰲ʦⵤҩúãʦ֮󣬽ʦļ񣬿ϧⵤҩǻԣȻҿʦ
ǵ¶ϲ֮ɫͷ鼤֡
ĿƽĵȴһƷֱֻǵҩơ
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ֳûٴ½֪һλżȻʹýƣôһ˷֣һн֮òʧ
ִ˵̬Ϸÿʮһεͽ֮УܻõҩĵӦò࣬ķǴ󲿷ֵӣֻǻŶԡ
һʱʱ޾ҪˣڿԸǣڣһƷֱ򡢵ҩơԼ¯
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һΪŵӣôҩ棬ѡãҿԽӴ֮ƽĿ˵
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ֻâ˸һˮɫĵҩ̴ڷɳһץС
ֲѡƣԸʵڲԸ̫עĿõҩֱӳΪӣôȻѡ񣬶ѡͱ׼
ע⵽ǵҩɫ˶ʱ˫һǰһѴץҩһۺ󣬴һ΢ЦԸΪʦ
¶ϻ̳Ͽ֮ɫ֮̿Уȴ͸һ˿֮ݣæͷ
˺Ц㣬˵վһԣɽš
æĸվʯ̨һǣ̬ηϲ֮ɫʵȴЦ֮ǰ˷ֵһҩǻԣ¶ʧ֮ɫ̷ϸĹ۲죬д¿жϣҪĵҩпˮԣϾԣҲԼݣΩˮԣԵҩԯޡ
һԽҩʱѡһˮԣΪһҪȷôϲ֮£֮ıȻ½ȥ̫Ϊλҩ֮¡
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ͬʱڴ¡ֻ֮һ޴Сɽһĵں֮У¶һǡ
ⵤɫϣϵһסĺ˫ŭ¶ǿҵĲ֮ɫԶԶȥƼһ㡣
һ̣һ֮Ӻɢվʯ̨֮ϵЩӣ׷ױƿɼȥܿ죬ʯ̨ϣǸԼԵΪ˼һ˷⣬ֻʣһ꣬ãȻ̧ͷŵһʱ֮˵
ĵһ˫Ŀڵĵʶۣ֮Ŀǵ֮ϣһ㵭ɫâ֣ÿŲһ֣ɫ
ӶӶվԵˣĿ¶֮ɫ
ʱǵȻһɳ˻ȥͬʱһöɫƣӺ˸С
̾һͬһĻÿʮ궼ῴΣÿΣնûгɹ
ͳڣǻƷߣɽ˵󣬻ͷһۣһ٣ץסֵͬʱһԾΨһһƵߣҲץ󣬴ˣ廯һ磬ɽȥ
ڵӣֱץͨ˹صߣɽ
һֱܣ˵ٶԽԽ죬ɽҲԽԽھһͬˮһķ󷨺ǰȻһ䡣
ԭˣдб̷ɽ羰ʱҡһ䣬ȫʧչǰģһΰĵ¥Щͨ죬էһֵļʶ㣬Ҳɵõ˿ڣȻƴ֡
ڵķ¶˵ȫҲٰ˳ɣȻʯɣǴӼֵϽЩʯʯ򣬶Ȼһ֡
ͬʱΪ˵ʯ࣬ȻȻӪһɼֻ֮һڣֱоڶʱˬ֮Уһ˵Ǵôһ֮ʱ֮
ָп俴˿ˣЩͬһѡߣһҲĿɿڴڵľһ¶Ź֮ɫ
ļڵӣڶȹˮķ󣬱׷ɿֱۣڰʦߣȻһַ֮ʱһڿնŴٷȥ
ٶȲ죬һ·ٴδһ£ֻһȺɺ״Զɺ֮òŮӣЩŮ£ͬһ㣬˲ĲĿ
ʦ֣ЩĵôȺɺ׷ɽʱϵһŮӣ˵
Ůޢ껪ã౴̬һӡһöС룬ΪĶˡ
˹һЦ˵ûһͽ֮񣬹ѡ
ŮĿһɨﲨ΢תһǧ̬֮¶һ·ͬеŮϣȻһЦƯСãǱʦ˼ҿȻᱻΪӡ
Ů˵꣬ɺ֮ϵŮӷ׷׿˴ݺȸһ󣬽Цɺ뿪


213 
Ⱥ޾׵Ůӣÿ죬ȥҲһ죬ֻһһ䣬ȴǰЩѡļ꣬˼꣬ĳ۵
ֻѡУһ·ͬеСѾͷһ⣬лһĿƽңûбЩŮӵķ֡
ֿЩŮ˵һ޶ˣ˰͹£Щˣò֮ĽԲ㣬̬֮ܶǰڵüǲ֮Զ
һۣ֮˵־ᶨһΪŮɫʴˣУЩŮӣʵûκγ֮
һ·ͬеСѾͷʱĿһתȻϣԷĿƽ֪ΪΣȴһϲ
ЩŮߺһͷһۣĿСѾͷϣЦ˵ŮޣҲһòμӵڶصĲˣһȥš
˵ţǰȥԽУ潥һЩޣЩϻԳܣȵȱӦǷ֮ޣڣȴһɢӴȻ߱˲СΪ
Щһ򰲾ſڵأɵ
ŷУֽ֣еĵ԰ͤǷֲķλһԲΣԲε룬һΰĴ˵ǰ
ΪʹǧҲ˿Եӵڴ֮Ĺ㳡ϣһſڷ߸޴ĵÿһϣð̣ҡҡֱϣƹͨһ㡣
⣬޲ɢһ˿˿ҩ֮㣬ʱڴ֮⣬ʮˣЩ˷ֳţ˴˻ǱĿ̸
м䣬һ׷ԲԵߣ˫֣ЦŻˡ
ֵǰ˵صӣڹ㳡֮ϣǻƵ꣬Ķ˵Ŵ֣ݼš˴ͽ֮񣬹ѡлˡҩ߶ˡһˣһŮȻɽ
˵غ¶η֮ɫæĵͷ˵ЩϼһһԪӤڵΪڣǳһɡ
ߺЦͷº͵˵ˣȥǽеڶصĲԣǺϸ񣬼ɳΪŵӡ
æǣһԥָ֣˵ţմΪͽ˻õĵҩˮԣ÷ϵĿǰҪ
ɨһۣĿһ˲䣬Ȼͬһ⿴͸
ЦΪ˵ѾﵽԪӤڣʱĵȷȷֻ㣬Ҳ±ȥֻȴһ¶֮ɫ
˲䣬߱ջĿ⣬ٴκЦ˵ܻõҩ˵вСԵˣǡҲĵɻļϸڵƷѰˣͱʾĴû쳣ȴ֪ϹŽ֮ǿƷ
֣¶ϲɫл󣬿һۣʾԼ
ʱҲڶλõһϸˣƤ¶ڻ谵˫ۣɨһȦɳƵ˵ŮޣҪˣһָʱһ·ͬеСѾͷһӲǰƮȥϸǰ
СѾͷҲǻ飬æڵ˵Ӱݼʦ
һʱ֮ܶ˾¶Ź֮ɫϸˣҲһºЦ˵ѾͷҲ飬֪ڵĵӣȫΪʮô
Ůһ죬Ū½ǣŵŵȻ֪˵Щʲô
ϸϸĿ˴ŮۣЦˣɣ˵ΪͽƷ鵤ұΪӡ
΢΢ҡͷĿһɨֳƵϣ¶֮ɫ˵ȥɡ
æǣʾָԼȥ
֮꣬ȻҲõ˷Ըæ꣬һߣһ߿Լѡߣϲɵ¶Ľ֮ݡ
˴ת꣬ƽ˵ڴ˺ţߣһء˵꣬һץס֣һԾ𣬻ʱʧԶ
ٶȷɿ죬ûñΧĳͥԺ֮⣬ƿͥԺ֮ţһҩ԰ӣԺ֮Уһһ˶ߵͭ
ûʲôڣĵҩȻֵӣҴļ¼ϣ֪֣֣ΪʦδͽǵһӴ֮סⵤ֮ڣҴ˴ͽ֮Ի֮˵ֽ꣬һЩ˵ϸڣת뿪
Է뿪Ŀһʱ˿̣ҲڵһԱˣ´Ժֲ˲ٻݲݣһ·ȥԽԽȻĶ
һŴӵҩ԰ӣھȻֲ˲缫ĲҩЩҩһܵ˵ҩЧȻʧ֡
ȫٴθпڣʵ̫ݳޣ̫С
ʯΪשߣͬһޣһŴӾӵȲҩǰһУ޲ʾڵǿ
ʱ˿̣вһɳ嶯ڵĲصУȻղ֮鵤ҩһ֣ôǰеҩϾͲȱˡ
뷨һ𣬱εȴǲɵ飬ǡñ𣬴ﵽԪӤڣһҲȫ޿ܡ
ĬʵʵͷϾڵķֻˡ
ҩ԰Ӳں棬һᣬ˵һ䷿нػ֮⣬෿ûκ֮
ѡһ䷿ݣ߽ĿһɨⷿһӦȫճƷȫУ֮⣬ڷڻһС͵ĵ¯
ڵ¯Ʒʣ˵ûоȴҲ֪һǴ㳡ϵľ͵ڴ˵еı
ҩ԰ڵСҲϡٵķһ룬ħһͬƷʵĵۣӴ
ⷿС¯ֲ鿴֮£ɵΪ֮С¯Ʒʣ͸ĽǸ£Ҳ˵һ¯൱һ֮Ƥˡ
Ҫ֪ڵĵͥԺ࣬ÿͥԺڶӵڶС䣬Ȼÿһ֮ڣӵĵ¯һͱüΪӴ
ԣֵ¯ڲ
Ϊ֤ԼĲ²⣬һԾ߳ÿһڶ鿴һȷԼķÿһڣһĵ¯
Դӽںּţ޲ʾڵǿ󣬴ʱٴθܵһӴɣӵеʵɲ⡣
ڷڣֳһӣһƣ˷֮ϣϥڵϣĿ
ʱȥҹʱȻһܸоԼĽ֮Уһڲͬ
ֻ֪ˡֵΪֻǽᵤڰˣͲܿ͸ֵĽơ
ڣΪڣСΪڵӣΪص㣬ص
ңֵ洫˫ۣվ߳䡣ʱȻҹȴһ£˵ɼȣ졣
ִʱվԺڣֳһ˦ӳһö˵ΪʦҪչأ£أԱǿˮ鵤һûжʱչΡ
ڣΪʦ⼸ʮĵһЩһʲô֮ȥ׵ͥԺڣѰʦ棬ΪʦѾΪͽ㱨˼ҡ
ֽӹ򣬷ڶͷʶһɨĵ׶ʱһû뵽־Ȼ򣬴ڣϸļ¼⼸ʮεĵãصʧܻƷ½Ϊϸļ¼
ڵϸ̶Ͽ˵Դʱֵ֣
ֻ֮ԵôҲ벻ԷȻĸĿУǳ˶թʦͽ̫֮ķһʱ֮䣬ĵ׷֮С
ֲδֵ쳣ּ˵ʦ˼ºͣϸĸйϵĸע֮ԺڵĲҩʹãмǲҪϸԱҩڴǵͲҪˣ˶һ裬ǿɲʹõġ
˵ͷ
ֳĬ̾ʵұӦһЩ֮ٱչأˮ鵤ǲʹãʱ䳤ҩЧͣΪʦ֮ΪƼ¯̱ԪĵҩΪɡ˵꣬һۣ˵Ϊʦչ֮ںɽԺӣԼסҵķнػ㲻Ҫȥ
˵꣬ӴóһһöơһһԺһóһƿ˵ΪʦΪȡʮƿƷ鵤һڵķΪ֮á
˵֮ӻһ磬뿪ͥԺ
־վ·Լҩص˷ڡ
ֵ̬ȣּΪİ֮Уָоûִ֮򿪰ƿʱһҩƿƮɢ
Ө͸Ļɫҩÿһ֦СһûϷãһĴʱһֻƴСޣڷɳС޳ӶХ֮
ָһҩС޿Уţ˫񣬶Сޣ۲һһ
һֱãС޲ûκθӣĴԽԽأͷҲһȦ
ֿһգС޷ɻᴢڡ
۲켸죬Сһֱûκ쳣ôŷʳⵤҩ
һҹ޻
ڶ峿ִܸоԼڵֶ˲٣ڵ㣬ڴЧѡ
ڵĵ·һװɫĳڴһɫĵ¯ݵƿӺһĴȻһ˵ͬһƿӣڵҺ壬ȴǼֵǣ֮ЩѰҩҪֹ
һҺ˫ѸһǰһӰҺתɵѸת˫־͸
ģֵ˫ԽԽ죬ͷˮ£ͬʱеͺȣȥ
ʱ˫֮еһӰֶ˴˽һγһĽ֮Ȧӡ˵ϡ
ɲǼ䣬һԲεĹ⻷ڵϳ֣˸
ֲ˲ͷĺˮԷΪǴһɢĽƣлҪĴһ֮ȦôҪҺİҶһĸɡ
ϵĽ֮Ȧӡºһ˿˿ϢͬʱֵıĴǽ֮Ȧ¶Ӱ
˴˽úٴγ֮ڡ
ֵıֶΣڱչо֮ʱǵǷܿһЩΣգǰչļ䣬īʯΪһ֮ţֻҪԳһīʯôͿԴΪӡ
ֻΪʱ֮ȦĵʱԳһЩˡ
һ¹ȥһֱûлڵԺӣûκǰµѾȫһһֵĿ꣬ڼ¼ķǳϸ֮ĵȻȷϵݣûвκθı䡣
Ƿʳ˵ҩСޣԱ֮ͬҪǿ׳٣ʶӣɴ˿ɼǵҩҲûΣ
һĵ׸Ӹӣڿȷ֣ĵȷȷǰԼͽ
ֹֻϵǽûͼı£һ֮滮֣Ƿάֲָֻ֣֪֪оû
µʱ䣬ֵΪ㣬Ѹ˲㣬ͻͽٶȣҺİ֮⣬һԭ򣬾ֵ
ڣΪ˻õĵҩֻϸļ¼ķԺڶݣһֱʱ䣬Լ
֮Զһ֮⣬ģ뺹ˮ֮֮ѡ
ԽǳʼţʧʾԽߣ£ԴӰо׺󣬱һֱֻǳɹһΰˡ
һķ˴ݣǿԪºҺټӵʱʵڣ㣬һԾﵽ˰˲㡣
һգڵķڣһԺӶʱһˮĻĻζԺڻظ
ִӷڻͷ߳¶Ц֮ǰһʧˡ
һΣûаסػǿȣڴ߶˵¯ڵҩȫϡ
ʲôȱǵ¯ڶ࣬£Ѿɵĸ¯Ժڵ߼䷿ڣ߸¯ֻʣ
ԺڣĿ¶˼֮ɫÿһڣһػĿأǿƵػĹؼֻǿûйϵһڱ֮Ϊ΢ءַ
Ϊͨػ뵤¯Ҫһȶȶһɲ䣬ǸݵػĲ鵤ʱԼڵĹ̶ı䡣
һڳƫͻʧܣƫô¯ͻ顣
һڣѧΪĹؿȻΪﵽԪӤڣôӤƣûЩҪ
˵ػĲٿ֮⣬֮ĴãҲһؼеǲģ֮˶ѧϰʽͨ
˵һôһٸˣƳһٸһһ鵤ȫһֻ˼롣
¼ϸҲֻһָˣʵʵУиָ⣬˵ܻĶ٣һЩ仯Լҩ֮Ƿ̺ʣ⻹иֲҩ֮Ĵ䣬ÿִ䶼֣ɰǧֲͬı仯Щ飬Զһ˵
ҪΪһʦʵ̫ѡ
ڵ£Ȼ֪ʦ뵤ҩһΪƷΪƷʦͿƷĵҩ
Ŀǰ˵ڣֻλƷʦһˣֵʦҲʦ档
ŮԣڵմǴں̻ÿݣ󣬸һԾΪ֮һ
Ϊԭ˵ǾŴӣȴͽ֮񡣼ţֵҪҲܵ㣬Ͼɮ濴档
һԺߣһ˼ղʧܵԭԭ֮ǰһж˳յҩɹһ̣ͻȻػȻǿŵʧܡ
ѵÿɹʱ򣬵ػ𶼻ͻȻǿİܿ뵽ɹһΣһβδ
ĬȡһЩҩһе¯ķ䣬ٴοʼ
һΣڿҪɹ˲䣬ػȻβٿأ޷ֹػӣʱֻһ¯һαը
һűըƬĵ¯Լͬһҩüͷ
ĬٴγΣգʣµ¯Ҳȫը飬һµʱ䣬߸¯ȫΪƬ
ֿЦ̾һʧܵҲˣֻҪϵسԣܻгɹʱ򣬿ȴǵ¯Աܾ컺⣬ЩģԼпǵһΪĵ¯֮࣬ˡ
Ͼ֪ⵤ¯Ĺأÿε¯һ٣Ϊʹ֮С
ͬʱҲ̵֪ˣΪʲô磬ʦȻ٣Դﵽһ̶ȵʦȴǼټԭʦ˵ΪķԴһˡ
ҪΪһʦôҪĵ۵Ĳ뵤¯֮󣬲ôһ˿ܡ
һѰɣһʦҲֻרΪӴɣſôʦ
ֿЦѵ¯Ƭɨһ󣬳߳Ժӡ
¯ûˣҪҪµĵ¯ڱչأ±Ȼ޷֪һֻȥνʦˡ
⣬Ϊʲôÿᵼµ¯ԱԭҲȥѯһ£Ͼⲻ޷ٴ
ڣΪϱף˴໥ΪԲΣмĴ
ӳϱƣڣһ·Ȼ˲ͬţҲ˹ѯֻɨһۺ󣬵ͷʾˡ
߼䣬ԶߴһƳһֻֻɺףԶ;ϿʱͻȻϴһЦֻһ洫ף㰡
̧ͷһһ·ͬеķѾͷһֻɺ̽ԴĿһۣҪ˵ʱԱߴһº͵СʦãʦȥأȥˣҪɨˡ
ѾͷС죬ֹ˼ֿһۣźȺԶԶȥ
ջĿ⣬ҪǰߣȻ˫Ŀâһͷ󷽣ֻԶһŴϣһü۵꣬̽ӣ¶֮ɫŽԶĺȺһںСǣԽԽˮˡǸɵСӣꡭ
ƷֵĿ⣬ֺٺһЦһһԾ첽ߣһּ˺һԷơ
һܿͻָһصĵ˵λʦܣʶСӣ
Ŀƽҡҡͷ
üëһЦʦܲҪССӸղʶ㣬ʦģʦҶСûȤֻһˣǾòǻ۲ͮʦ㡣
ɨһۣ˵ҵȷʶ˵꣬תҪ뿪
æϣһߣȴ˵˵ʦܣհʦԷĵӣҿǰеķĪҲȥԷ
ֿ˴һۣ¶һ˿΢Ц˵֡
ٺһЦ˵ʦҽгͣ˵ʦܣҲȥԷ
ֵ˵ͷ
ڶԺȷĻ֣ʦܣȥԷǺѽ밡ˣҶȻȥԷҪ֪Ůƣܹôһһޱȵ˫֮ãҲһˣΪп˵꣬۾һתּʵˣҪȥԷʲô˵ҿ԰æŶ
ճʹ룬ЦæҲãĳȥԷزᱻ
һּۣȻһĶͷ˵֡ˣǰʦĵӣ㡭̫ˣ֪жĳΪֵĵӰ
Ŀ¶죬˵ΪΣѵʦܸ֮ߣ
¶Ľ֮ɫ˵ֵ֮˵ͣҲֻǴﵽƷˣûʲôˣСүھѾƶƷҩˣҪ˶ãƷ鵤
ֵ˵ͷһԷߣһ˵
ֻͣ˵ͻȻټ¶ü֮ɫٺЦʦܣҸҲԣҪӦңȥԷһΣô
ɫ糣˵㲻˵㡣
ͿֲΪæ˵ʦ֣㿴ҶʦˣֻҪ˵仰ͿҽԷСæѰ
ֻͷԷƽ˵ҪҴȥѰеСӣȻԴΪڣԷȥѰΰͮʦ㡣
һܿЦûûºܼ򵥵ģʦΰ
˵ɣΪζҪΪֵӡֻ˵
Ϊиʦ㲻֪˵ڵһŮʵϲԷԷԷϣӵˣһλƷʦ֮һ밡ΪֵĵӣȻͰϵ£һԿݣһܻø鵤ҩ飬˵ĸ˲ӲͷƤ갡һп˵
ϣ
˵ǻٹŵĵӡ


214 
Ŀһճϣٹŵӡ仰ͬʱУһ֮ǰдڵ֣Ȼֳ
ܡİɺ֮£յŮӣҡһ䣬Ϊڵĳϣ
ȻʧЦԼˡ
ϿνǷ绪ڻٹʱѾո¶ͷǣٹܣһЩӱȻҲڡΪп˵
ֵ˵ͷû˵Ǽǰߡ
գգۣæϣٺЦʦְʲôʱȥԷ
ֿ˿ɫ˵°ݻʦԻȥһԷ֮ǰѾ˵ˣСѾͷʶֶ֪ȥԷôֻա
һһתЦûϵС֪ʲôʱ˵ǣֵܣԼ۹⣬СӶȻġ
û˵Էȥ
һ·֮ϣ͵켸ûкϲܿǸ̸֮ˣйڵһЩԡԣȵһϢ½˵
˵Ҳ֣ţҲᷳһ·ܿԷ
Ҫ˵ϣʱҲҲһٶ֮꣬ȴǿƾѣһЩǰ˵𣬵һƷʦȶ˿·磬֮һƷħ˵˵ҩʱ¶ΪĽ֮ɫ
ħһⵤҩҲ̫Źˣѵ´˵󣬾Ϳħ
Ϳֵı飬̵һЦ˵ǺǣⵤҩֵȷŹ֣˵ɺʼϳƬ̺󣬱ô֡
˵˵ħʵϵãȴǸħߡ
˵кιЧЩ֣ⵤҩֽħճϡٹŵӡƺЩ
˵Ч˵ǾʹˣֻҲ֪ʲôáʼԳҵı֣֪˵Чأ֮һ
Ҳû⣬˵ͷ󣬶ȻԷ֮⣬չǰģһγţ¾Ȼˮˮɢ֮С
ˮУɫ㣬еİβζ
ʵиħйصСţֵҪҪǰֹЦ
ϴֵĿ⣬˳Źȥֻƣ裬̫ԶֻģĿڵţ԰֮С
ţħסһʱգħʵϾΪħĳιȻˣֻǴţʵйϵĴţںܶࡣлҺú˵˵Ϊ˵
ɫ糣ĿƽԳһȭŹȥ
ֵܣһʣ㰡һˣǻҪҪæ
ţ߹˹š
Է֮󣬴˵Ũ֮⣬ֱڴˣȻῴֻʶһɨѰȷ·
ַֻڵڰ˲Ϊֻǰߡ
ԽߵԽŨѾɣһɡ
ʱһ翵Ĵڴ
ԷأԷƣڣ
ͣ½Ųɫ糣˵֣˰ݼʦ档
ĬǰʱƱһֻεĴֲƿһ㣬ӿȥ¶һͨ˵··ŤԷ
˳·סȥɣٴγ֣һΣָоƺУйɵĽ֮⡣
ֶ˵˳·ȥһ޵֮Զ˳ʱ䲻Ȼ·ľͷһͨĸ¥չǰ
˳Ÿ¥ڵĴԿһŮԵӰ˶ǰһ߹ݡֻв㱡Ļϸò
߽һ̣һ֣Ӹ¥ڴͬСϸˮ㣬֮С
û˵Ǿţ֮һŶӸ¥ڴ֣
ֶУʱһ¶˼֮ɫܿ˫۱ָƽĬֻ˵ǣ
һ䣬ֻžһ¥ڵˣйȻһңţ¥ĴͻȻ򿪣¶һȻĶľˡ
ܽüˮ磬裬֬Ϭ׶üǱֻ˵ǴŮԻΪòΪΪΪǣԱѩΪˮΪˣΪġ
ŮĿ˲㶨ϣϸ֮üĿ¶һ˿꣬´Ķա
ĿʼƽˮڶԷղſ˵˲䣬ϳԷݣôҲû뵽¸֮󣬴ŮȻΪڵĳϡ
˵ΪȴϬŮΪȻﵽ˽ᵤڡǷɣôʦΪ൱һ˼飬ԺȻ
Ժһеı׼Ϊ֮
ԣԺʱΪʦͽ鷢ֻںı׼粻ͬˡ
ȻˣһЩҩǱΪﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬲ſƣΪ˵ҪʱΪҲòǿ
䣬м˿Ľһ㣬ƾŽᵤڵΪͿֻԪӤʦſƵƷҩء
ĵװ̾ν˷ǣʵϾˣʱ䣬˵˵̣ҲԲ̡
Էò֮꣬ʤǰ֮£·շмȴǧɽˮ޷
ûǰϵĴ㣬òҲǵԣĽ񲻿һϳ
£¥ڵĽ񣬼УҲ͸һ֮⡣
ĿЦ̾һ˵ܡӡչˣӶ֣ʵЩ˵ڡ
¥еĽٴֵӶʱһһӣ̳һɴ򿪸¥֮ţ߳֡
ӵ¯顣Ŀƽ˵
Ľ֣ϸĿ֮ջĿ⣬¶֮ɫ˵ǳ֮ˣ
ֳĬ˵ͷ
Ľ̾һָ̬˵¯飬ȻΪ̫죬ӶµػȣѰֻһʱգн˵꣬һ򿪴óһ¯
Ȼֵӣô˵¯ұ㣬ô¯ɱְٴ֮ڣѣٴκȻ޷Եػ˵֣ȥɡ
Ľ˵꣬е¯ǰһͣƮǰ
ֽӹ봢ڣɫ糣ȴǸӵĺܣڴ˵ÿһϢͬˮ尾һܣʱһȭתҪ뿪
ĽȻ
¶Ȼ֮ɫͷ˿ɻĽ
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ֿһۣ˵߰ɡ
͵ȵľ仰üЦæ˵ʦ֣ʱɫҪˣǻץʱɣҵţҽͷ˵ַ꣬ڿУ͵һʱһ̶̴ݿ
ţԶ޺̧ͷȥֻһһСӰȻԶ䣬㼲۶
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͸ɿһ˵ǽǵĶûôôô˵ҲʮĽǲҶȥ˶ԷұǶΣ
ֻԳŴҺһ˴˿˿һֻȻһצųץ
Ҳ㣬צץֻֻԳץסֵ·һףϣӰ磬ԶԾ߶ȥ
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Գٶȼ죬ϣ·Ƽһ㣬ǰĳȻдܣʱֽм󣬾ȻӴóһˮƣݺݵĺһڣЦԳȥԷ飬ڣҲֻҳһ˿
ֿЦȻЩͷԣȴᷳ˵ţҲû̫⣬෴ʱһĻĵ˿˺ĸ֮л͡
Ͱоˮһӣӭһ̧ץУ˳һۺлصĽ飬İѾƴߣݺݵĺһڡ


215 
ˮЩ𣬱֮ҺζԵĲֻͬˮ븹󣬼̻תۼתȫ
ĸоȻɵһ
͹һЦڲԶһԳԾһ߻ͷ˵ʦרΪ׼Ȫ֮ˮˮ͵٣ֻԳضĹݳɾˮֵܣҪǱˣҸͲȺö
˻һֻԳʱ¶ǿҵķ߷֮ɫȻԳ͵Ϊ
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ԷԷȻͬȫƮڰգƲ㸲ǣϸȥ޷ͨɵĸ¥ᡣ
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Ŀ΢ڳ͵ţһ۾ͿƮڰյĶԷ֮£һǿĽƣ˽ƵãȻⶫԷƮ𣬳֮⣬һ֮
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ƲƲ죬һԳëһߺϾ˵飬ô˵ҲһӳģαأСʱһأ㲻ǵˣҿؼǵãұʱ㻹ء
⻰ʱһԳͷԳҲͨ飬˼
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;һЦһЦˣСѾͷʱһľ飬Ȼ塣
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һ׼ֵ꣬ü֮ϣռ֮Сռ䲻ãһֻԳͥԺ֮⣬ȫѪܣŶദˣʧĴҴҶߡ


216 
ڽռǰͥԺڲһЩصĽƣֹ˴ţټһ֮У˾ͻ᳹ʧ˽鿴Ҳֶᷢߡ
Ͼڵİ˼ħľ˿ֲռĴڣҲԪӤڵЩϼһ˵Ͳܲ쳣
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ڵУתԽԽ죬ȫߣͬһֻڷĴһ㣬ֵΪѸɢ
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ֶӣڴ޵һĨ̿޵ȣȻȻޣǶǰ򡢲ҵųȥԷԳ
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˵ģΪȡ㣬־ͲӲ
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ƲӰأʱһȦƣ֮ڣһ׷ӣ𣬴һ֣ʱһ֮


217 ײ
ű壬ڲӰȫչֶ֮ܵŨ˼㣬ͨķڣҲ̳һ㺮˪
ڱֵֺķ˿ǰһʱͬ۵һ㣬뱾϶Ϊһ
ţֱ˫ɭâĿ¶ɱ촽ڳãɷȴһûнֻͣʱҲֻЩɱй¶ɷȴû¶֡
ֳһΣ̶һߣű˷ǰ㣬һѸٴӷ˸һУĸоԼڵΪȻ־һЩ
Ҫ֪֮ǰΪȻﵽ˽ᵤڴԲļӤ磬ʱ˿̣ԭΪȻչ˵ûдﵽ鵤ӤĲΣȴ֣ԼڵĽ֮УѾһ˿ߡ
֪Ӥһֳ̣֮ΪӤ֮ǴʹѳӤҪʡ
ȫϢֵȫʱͱʾŽӤ֮١
ֳԶΣӤ֮ʼûгֹԪӤ֮ҲȻûüԳڼֵ˲䣬ʶ
ڣ֣ȴûٴιţԼ뵽ķԿУֻҪֲиﵽԪӤںϣȻñΪͻƽᵤﵽԪӤڣӴ֮½޵֡
ټ֮֮ͨܡ֮ڻڣҲһսڣ֮ԪӤһսηһ
ӲδͣͬһƮԺԳԣҪʬ壬ͻȻĿһʬϿһۣƷޣҷΪȻûп޻ڡ
һհڴͷ­֮ϣ¶֮ݣƽ˵ȻұһΣӽԺǱħͷ
һں֮âֶ֮˴ͷ­Уܿ죬ǺâӴ޶ͷںâ֮ڣһֻ˫۳ãȻ֮ɫԳǡ
ǳֵһ˲䣬һëȻϢ֮ɢʱܵҩ֮Ϊ֮һɢڸһЩݲݣȻȫĲշ׷׿ή
Ŀһ˵Ȼܺãǰܹ޴ʹ࣬ʹ֮࣬⣬顣ָߵϢϢδһοʵİǰԹͳôһ
ʱɢˣ֣
ڿԳɢͬϢĿһȻһѸץס˻ǣͬʱһ˦óһ죬Ƿڡ
ϴ¼ƺֱ㲻ᣬǻڣȽǿĻǣЩѼ׼ΪħͷıƷ
ǴԳղɣǣô޾ʸΪħͷ㣬ôֻǻɢ
˴֮ɫ糣һԾͥԺԷȥ
ֱӲӰڳֵ˲䣬ԶԷ׵¥ڵĽüȻһһ¯ΪҪʱӲһһӵеҩģǴʱ㲻иĵ¯˵˷䡣
һ¯Ʒ鵤ʲôȲϼһԺеǸӰ
ڸղŵ˲䣬üĴĻѪУµһ˿ʶȻ䲨͸һ˿˿ͬٴվҪ麣ζ
з·ǰĳλãһ޴Ĵʯһ㣬üĴ˿ʶĲ
֮ǰĶ꣬ûоʱУȴһڴԼ˶ǸˣѵڲԶ
Ľ˿Ѹٳ˸¥Ҫ߳ͥԺʱһ԰촫ʦãҪȥģ
ĽĿкâ˸ǰһֻͣһӰٵĵǰӰȻ֮ǰ˵صǸӡ
ĽºԴ˵ʦã㻹ûлشҪȥģףɫ˴ҴңҲΪټ
ĽĿкâǰδеǿңŶԷסüĴǲϼӾ粨ʶһһ֮˪㺮䣺ΰĪΪƾᵤڵΪͿôٲÿʦˣ
ºһЦ˵ʦãڣôأ֪ʦҪȥͬ
ʱ˿̣ȻԷԷޱ顣


218 Ȼ
ڣԪӤʿҪԺ֮УԺ˵࣬еģֻЩԪӤʿǵҪȫ֮ϣǳڵıչ
ͱ˵Է֮ڣһԪӤʿĿǰԷΪػ֮Ӥϵػһ¯Ϊĵҩ
Էİ·ϣȫϢжȣԵҲû˷֣ʱվԷ֮⣬̧Ųԥ̤
ᵽڷλʱԷڵİûκãֻʶһɨ̰Է
ڿĵ㴦ֵʶʱڵйԪӤ֮˲ֵľ飬һ۾ͿһԪӤڵʿ
ʶɨ˲䣬ҲֵĴڣʿһ֮Ҫӱչ߳ܿ죬һ٣һɢҩĵɵԥһ¡
֣Ƕ˵ڷִ˵ԪӤʿΪֻǳڵ˲䣬һӣʱһ˺ɫС죬ڼ۶
˲䣬ӭԪӤʿչ֮ذڡ
¶һ˿ЦǶԷΪﵽԪӤڣôԥķͣ˻رԷ
ڣԷȻǳڣ־û˿ηˣ˵ûٺܶ࣬סԪӤڵʿһӣġ
һӣ㹻Ҫһ顣
ԪӤʿִݵڰ֮УͷŽᦡסԪӤʿжûκ˷
ִݵڰд󣬺ܿ˳͵ľ֮ǰʶһɨ䣬Ȼֳ;ڣֻĿǰ״̬ЩΣա
ڷĴϣ͵Ŀݶᣬ۽£̻״Ҵܡ
Աߣվһֵ̬ӣüͷסͣһҩ˽ȥһ߹ҩһСӣ͸ջˮƫƫߣͮѾͷĻ㽵סģں˰ɣӴԺ󣬱һˣԺһĸΪʦ;
ţŵҩ壬ڵƽ
ʦ̾˿˵֪㲻ģѾȥ˶ˣΪʦСûˣǶԷܴ֮أһΪʦ壬Էˣȥ֣ͷΪҡҡͷת뿪˷䡣
վͥԺ֮⣬ʶпһĻһһԾͥԺڣ֮ʦûκβȻ߽˳͵ķ䡣
ųͣһӣʱƽжĽơ͵һ֣֮¶ɫҧ˵ǼɱҵİɣְɣӲ£
ִߣټϴʱϢΪ֮ǰȻͬԳ͸Ͳܲ
ֿ˳һۣһʱһƲӰǰ֣˲ɢݰڡ
Ŀһ漴ȻһЦ˵Ǽ˺ֶΣȻԺǰֶԸСɣҪɱɱһüͷӾͲг͡
½ƺĻ˵ҵȷУɱ㣬ǰ㣬˵ɣ鵽ô£ϸһЩ
һһۺԥ˵ǰ˭У
üͷһ壬䵭˵ֻ仰ղǵһ䣬仹û˵¾㡣
һҧ¶ȥɫ˵ԷĹͮһжġˣӴҵĿģΪ˴ԳͶԳ
ֳ˵Գģ⻰ʵļмɣҪ֪޺ܶ࣬Щ޵ãΪ֮ȡҩ֮ãһǹͮҲ޿ɺǡ
͵˵ͷ˵֪ǰ˼ɴԳͶԳڵޣҽǰѾãҴڵģڵĹأֻ޵ҡ
Ŀƽ˵ǹͮǽӽ㣬ҪԳΪֺˣֻԳͳȥɶԣ
¶ں֮ɫ˵ǡΪԳΪû뵽ĿľȻԳڵԳȡڵѾʧˣѾȥھʣ¶ԳҶȥԷǼҪÿζǱ⣬ڵľɣΰҴˡ
üͷ΢壬ԸУͱϾõҪһ¡
Ĭֿ˳һۣƽ˵Ҫα
˫ͨ죬ҧгݵ˵ǶԳû£ôˣҳԣǶԳˣôҪᣡ
ֵ˵ͷƽ˵Ը
˵꣬һˣ˲뿪˷ᣬתۼʧӰ١
ʹĿ֮ǰվλã¶ã֮ɫ
˵֣˳ͷ֮һ·ٶȷɿ죬Ҫ뿪Է֮ʱͻȻһ٣ȻתͷԶ
ܵһ˿ʶĲĬת˺һӼ䣬̻תۼʧӰ١
ӸոʧֻĽ磬˴˵أȻһº͵ˡ
ʦã㵽ʲôüͷ˵
ĽͣӣͨüĴʶĸоˣΪʲôȴӰĽɬһЦǱѩ֮ˣʱȻ֪ǶԷԸԼ
Ľҧ´¶Ȼ֮ɫ˵֪ˣΪʲôһ棬ϣ
ɫһ䣬ʶʱɨһȦȴûзκ쳣üɵĿ˿Ľ˵ʦã˭ˣûκˣ
Ľ񿴶һۣ˫ۣȻ֮ɫƽͣȴһ˿ȻģֻϣԼһ棬ȫ㵱͵ƿҺάղ֣Ծȴһִ
ĿĿܡ
ʱһ̾ϢӰ֮дţһģӰĴ֣߳һ֣ɫļΪѿû
Ľ֣һˮܶԷߣȴԶ϶ǰˣǵ
Ľ˵ˡ
ֿЦ˵Ǻαأ˵꣬Ŀ¶һ˿âĿͶϣƽ˵ַڴ֮ʱ̣֮
һ٣ɫֱ䣬Էĸоʵ̫ˣֻǽᵤڵΪȴһԪӤʿŻеѹȸС
ʱ˿ɣԼ˴ôȻᱻԷնɱĺ飬ͷڳǿЦֵܼʦõĹѣڵѣܷأֵˡ
Ľ֣ǧȴһҲ˵ڣĬ㻹ô
ֿǰˣĬҡͷ˵ˣ
Ľһ¶ɫǿ򶨣촽Ӿ˰ɣͲʲôֵǮĶˣУȴӿ־ҵʹʹ·ǳˮһ㣬û
ѾԺķԪĴۣųɹ̻ǴѪķ̫Щʳĵҩ޷ﵽԪӤڣҲǼӤˡ
ֹͣڽᵤڴ粽أ
ʱȴģʹǳʹʹǿ򶨣ȴ޷ƵĲò԰ףûκѪɫ
תͷȥĽ񣬳Ĭ˵ˡ˵꣬תǰһһߡ
ĽĵʹֵıӰһЦЦݣĿޡ
ʼ棬Ҫ˽˫޵£֮ǰѵɣڣûκɡº㻹ڳϣμ˫޵񡭡
ֽһĵӿ֮Ĭˡ
Ľ֮ɫڵȴԷĴ𸴡
ӣʱȻףΪĽ˫֮˼𰸣ͳ˴ϣƽĵȴһ˿ɱֶ
ֳĬãӣͳ˵ϲ˵꣬ӰԶȥ
Ľһֹ֮ס£Һ㡭㣡
Ӵʱ˿ǰº͵ĵʦãѾˡ
Ľҧ´һۣתͷҲص
ɫºͣȴЦˣӵжٶԪҲʹʼӦ˫֮£Ԫ֮ټЩѼĵҩͻƽᵤڣָտɴ㵱һͬ⣬лһЩҴﵽԪӤ֮󣬶Ȼٰ裬Աξܾ֮ޣ
뿪ԷȻ֮ˣĽҲмǸ⣬޷ܶԷҪ飬Ҫߵĵ·ʵڲʺһŮ߸档


219 
ʵϣĽ־ǿ˵ǰ飬ԪӤ֪Ҫʱ䣬֮ĽôȻһϵбʣʱǺء
һĽ񶨻ᱻǣⲻԸһĻ
̾˿ټĲ޷ƽָӵ߳Է
ĵ׼ţһ̵ʱ仹ʣһС룬֮£Ҫץʱ䣬ӰȻһһ֮âѸ߶ȥܿ죬˶Է
˵غֲû̽ȥһȦƺŲûͣѸټ۶ȥʶǿ󣬶ԷѲߵӣ޷ֻֽⶫԷ˲䣬еɺףȫ׷״£ƾϵŮα޲ߣա
Ӱ죬һϸ˿˶Է֮ڣ͸Էչֵǰ
˵濴Ȼɾһ㣬ڽںɾ֮иǿңֵ¥侫ĳ̶ȣ֮ƻá
һɫʺ磬ӶԷչΪ˺ԷһŮŮޣ׷ڰƮɢ
ΩϧģЩɺףſڵȫ˿գһ˵ؾȱһ
ճ֪·һ·ٶȷɿ죬ûκ˲£˶ԷһȺ¥Уҵ˹ͮĹ뷿ʶһɨһΪһĻ
üͷ΢壬һԾ˹뷿֮Уֻڹ뷿һ磬Ӱԡ
͸翴ȥŮİ͹£ʱ໥Էӣģ໥һŤ
ͬʱ֮
ֵʶ֮£ŮٺϵһĻʱһŮӣһ߽һ߲˵ͮ㣬ǳ͡˵һ룬һŮȻ̽ӣƺ˶Է֮λ
֮һ۵ڴ㻹ǳͲɣûƭҲΪôƵĵҩȱڵֻǰĿ꣬Գϰˡ
ǡɡǱŮӣǳ顣
ÿˣң˺Իȥ֤ûκģɡ˸һЩͷǣɣղŽźˣڸûˡ
ֲδȥֵü֮ϣʱȻһüķ˳ֱĶ磬˫¶˷֮â
ҲδʳԳ䣬ȡŮǣң˵꣬ת߳䡣
û˷ܹһθоʵ̫ȷˣ֮£ʱѪ֮УȻѾûѪ⣬Ǳһħͷ
ⲻӰĸо
ٺһЦ˵Ȼ˽ȥ
ûãһƮ˳ſ³ǣüġ
ԳѾˣͬʱһ
һгһ˻죬ں󣬳תְ߽ѶŮ봢ڣ߳䡣
ʱһӽһʱסԷԪӤʿĽᦣһâ˲Է
ͬʱԷһŭԪӤʿһԾʶɨһȦ˶Է۶
ţڶԷڣҲһǿ͵ʶʶ¶ŭ⣬ɨһۺ󣬶ʱڶԷĵ㣬ɳһŮӡ
ֶ˵תߡ
Ů沿֣òֺһ׷ȥ
ɫƽۿԷԽԽ¶һ˿ЦǰӶһ֮ȦȻŮ¡
ŮߣһĴʱгһ΢΢һӼ䣬߲ʻӻڷЩ꣬ÿһ涼̺ŻԵѸչЩƮɢȥ
ŮΪͬԪӤڣĿȻƽȴһ˿ֻЩӰƣ˲䣬ͻȻѿÿһ֮ȦĵƣһЩӴǷɢȻһЩܲıЩƻȻһ󲿷ִƹ󣬷ɿٴһγɽ֮Ȧ
ټ죬γɽ֮Ȧ˲䣬ŶԷ֮ӡȥ
Է֮ǰȻǱһִ͵ĽƵǸһʱ䣬Ҳƽ⣬ʱʱ䲻ҲûҪƽƣĿֻһǾͽʧȥƽ⡣
һѰҲֵĽ֮ȦԴϹŽ֮֮£ڼ֮ǰѾһЩƷʣʱ⽻ǴͽƵ˲䣬ʱһ¡¡ӶԷ֮ϻص
ͽʧȥƽ⣬ƮڰյĶԷҲбʱڴУŮ޷׷׷ɳϾ¶ã֮ɫ
һͬʱûκͣѸԶȥ׷Ůӣʱһҧûм׷˻صǴͽ֮ԣæӹ̡
һ·ͨķɳԷ֪Ѿչò˶ãͻڵԪӤʿɱ
ʱͻȻԶһǿʶʶɨϣһߣĿƽǻˣȻʶ𣬵ʶΪӴ˵ܵΪƣ޷ɱԪӤʿӴĳ̶ϣ뻯ʿҲضã˵Ǳڣֻܷӵᵤڵˮ׼ʶڣܱԷһԪӤھͿŪء
弸ûκͣ٣㼲۶ȥ
ʶˣһ֣ܿǴѸٸ
ʱԶһӰѸٷлһС죬С֮ǱԷ׵ԪӤʿ
ֺĿ¶һ˿Цһڵϣһת̳һȦƣţ壬ȻʧӰ١
ʶҲʧȥӰ
ʱֱȻīʯĽ£صϢĶڣⶴ֮⣬ʶĽơ
ͬʱڱԷַͥԺڣӵص𣬳һϥڷڣĿ
Ǹһ䣬֮İڣйֱĴԣְ汾ȱȽǡ
Ҫ֪ںܾûзĴˣǱԷɱڣƤӵʧͷ·ӭһư㡣
˼չأ׼񾳽ԪӤʼ棬һһ׷֮£Ŀ˶ԷʧٵŮϣһǳ顢ǹͮ
˵ȱͣҲһһ˳֣ҲȥвʣһԪӤʿʶ󷨲鿴Ƿ˵ѣֵֻʶԶԶ鿴ߣȻԷûκη֡
֪ΪΣûã±㲻֮
ĽûбǣڣҪ鹦ʦ֣Ļ֪¶ȻĽԷ֮ͨɵðľԪӤʿûаסȥ磬һθ˵һй¶ôԷпܻ֪Ľȡ
ֵٴιƽֻģȻʱ̸ĽȻЦݣÿһΣģֱʹ֮С
ָоͻȻ㷢֪λƷʦ֮һĽ񣬽ºﳤ֮ΰ˫޵º˼ޡ
ְڷڣһһҹ֮̾˿¶֮ɫĿ˸âȻվ𣬺ԥ߳䣬ͥԺ֮Էȥ
һ·˳ڰ֮У⣬ڱ֮ȥ֪ͨĽ񣬵¶һͨ
ǰĲ仺ȴּᶨ֮С
Ľ¥󣬸¥дĽƽʦչؾҪʲô⣬ȥʾǣ˺ٻĪҪš
ֳĬƬ̧̣ͷ˵ҪҩڰΪԪӤڵĵҩ
ڵĽȻһ٣͵վӣƿţ֣˵㡭˭
Ŀټ¶һ˿飬ֻ˿飬ܿ㱻ƽȡĬ˵ûֵҩ
Ľҧ´¶δйصϲɫ֣ʱĵ׻ֻûʧ֮Уܿ죬һ䣬˫Ŀ¶һ˿â֣㵽˭
ĽԼüĴʶûκ춯Ȼǰ˾ող²⣬ĺ⣬ͬʱǰ̬˼һһ֣ûɵʹ
ֿĽ̾˿һĴʱгһöһۺԷ
Ľ񼸺ֵ˲䣬ӹбſϣϲõᣬ¡
ɱΰ򵥣ֻҪΪ㹻κ˲㹻Ҵг֮ʱƽȴǳһ˿֮ɫ


220 ҩ
Ļ̌ͷ֣һ˿ϼ㡭ɡ˵ţÿš
û˵ǰȥ·Ľʱһ˿ǿף顣ֽŲһ٣תͷĽ񣬴ʱ֮䣬ȻλãֿĿĽĻϣϼԽԽʢ侱Ҳ
вٱ䣬һ§Ľ֫ϣʱĽٴһؿڣĸܵнǼٵ
֮Ľ´ƿ֣ò˵ڵӺǰΪʲôһ
ɿĽڷɨһۺһԵϣĽ˹ȥΪ䵹һ裬󾲾Ŀ֣ȴĴ𸴡
΢΢һЦ赭д˵Ƕ֮ڵ壬ҡ
֣ΪΪʲôǰҿģôడĽգգ۾ɿʵ
ֵ˵ͷ˵Ժʱ䣬ϸ㣬Ϊ´ﵽԪӤڵĵҩ
ĽĿ¶˼֮ɫ˵ֻһЩżмأһЩΪϡٵĵҩ˵ΪڶʱﵽԪӤϡЩҩǵʧζҩȻֵҩҵҩݵƷ
ɫ糣ȴһûֵҩô´ﵽԪӤһϾ⡣
ĽüԣϸĻ䡣
ûдǾĿŴŮ£ƺδٴŮºۼһ㣬ָо֡
Ůòû˥ϣ֮꣬ӽĶˣͶ䣬һŵǻң·ǿչһ㣬һ˿߰Ϣ
Ľзɿֵ伮ڵĵԼЧã֮Ȼһһ˿ϲɫ˵ˣǴһԪӤڣֵҩȸǣǼΪټ˵ûСǰ⿪Ҳ˵ҪģΰڣᵤȴﵽᵤΪٿνӤ
ֵ˵ͷ
ĽȻһЦ¶һ˿ţգգĴ۾˵ᵤڣֵҩв٣磬֮ǰʳʲôҩô
ֳ˵߷ҲûʳʲôҩԪ֮⣬ˡ
ĽĿ¶ɫ˵Ԫ˵ϾѧҪյĳҩ֮һѾһƷ鵤ģ磬ԼƵģ˵꣬ЦЦĿ֣ߺߣˣʦڱչءڿʦ档
ĺһ£ܿʧӰ٣ɿһ˵ƶɣǰЩҺ
Ľ˫¶ǿҵɣ͵վӣʵҺ㻹У
ɫ糣Ŀƽ˵ͷ
Ľز˿ϲ˵磬Һж٣ô
һĴʱóһƿϡ
Ľ¶ʧ֮ɫԭֻʣһƿҲѹ֣ϡ汦Ͳ̫࡭
û˵ֶֻ꣬һƿϺóһƿһƿһƿգһƿҺһſϡ
ĽĿɿڴ֮Ż˿ǰ˸ƿֿ˿֣ԥһ£磬ЩҺϡ֮󣿡
΢΢һЦ˵ûϡͣЩǵҺôһС
Ľɫʱ֣ѿ˵У
ֵ˵ͷЦҪ٣ж٣
Ľؿڼٵһƿ򿪺ϸһۣһֲ˼Ŀ֣ð³仰
磬Һ֪ʲôЧ
һ浤ҩΪ֣ҺҲĳɹʡû˵
Ľٴһ漴һŹֵĿ⿴֣úЦ磬ǡҺȻ֪ͷ㵱ҵƿҴоִҺƵҩ߼ʣֱӷʳղϣöˣӳԪҪǣ̺źǿǵֻһտƳһ鵤ºЧȵʳҪ߳ﲻֹҺǽһΣôҲǺ󣬿һʮΣô磬Ϳۡ
գ˫Ȼƽ˵ŶôƣǷҽӤո󣿡
Ľ϶˵ûдҺ´ﵽԪӤڣûаգֻѻճɰܣ޷Ʋ⡣Һɰգ´ﵽԪӤ
ɡüͷһ壬漴˵ͷһĴóһ¯ⵤ¯ǵ֮
㿴ⵤ¯ɷʶ
Ľֻһۣ̬䣬˫¶֮ɫ֮˿ֱ֣Ȼ˵磬꣬ȥ
΢΢һЦָŵ¯˵ôһ
Ľصĵ˵ףڵףһ˿˷֮ɫʱȫɢһȻĶľˡ
磬˵¯Ʒʼߣ֮ڴĵҲضãɣ֮ЩƺҪ߳һЩ㿴һЩ磬ⲢȻɣǾʱʹúҩҩЩʱƲһ¯Ʒʵص㣬ûӦĳɵĽķ
ְԵͷ֮ǰĲ²Ϊơ
ⵤ¯ȣֽǸΪ֮㿴ֽӡǰֻһЩ伮ڿֽΪ⣬ؼɢӡͬʱҲҩݵ伮ڵļ¼⣬ϹʱڣҲķѾʧ
ܿɹǣⵤⱣּΪԳʹãҪ֪һͨĵҩ˵֮󣬷Щʱգ˵ҩƷʣ̻ᷭһ࣬ǷʱһЩ䵤ҩƷʸǿ
УЩ쵤ҩµ󴢴˼ٳǧ꣬ղƶɣ˵е⣬˹ؼԵáĽһԵǵ¯ϵĻֽ˵
Ϊ棬ǻֽһۣû뵽˻ֽļֵȻ֮¯Ҫôĵӡĵ¯ڣ׷ʲôĵҩԴƣ˵ⵤҩ֮¯⣬棿
Ľŵ¯Լ˵磬Ҳµˣϡ֮ǵ⣬Ҳǵ¯ڵĵҩֻһЩŵرƶɵĵҩŻ˿ȵ¯ȵڼΪ棬ⵤ¯ڣʲôҩ


221 Ϊ
ֶǵ¯΢뵽˵һһĴжһڵ
ϣֳ뵤¯ǵһ֣֮㿴ǷЩ
ĽĿһ˼ʶһɨûãü΢壬᪻šӦ᪻ţڵһЩԴ᪻ŵ֮ħںô
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Ǿûˣ᪻ţ᪻űĳļɣ˳ңǨħӴ֮伣ⵤ¯֮᪻ˣⵤ򿪵ķѾʧֻ֪ﲻ״򿪣ҪһϵоϣҪʱĻһǿд򿪣ֻƻڵҩƷʣпʹõҩѳɻҡӦδﵽʱޣҲ˵ڴ򿪣ȷ˵ҩƷʣҲ޷ﵽʱԤڡĽ´˵
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ֽӹ󣬿һۣȭлת뿪
ΰһֱЦʧ˸һ˿âİСΪֻΪĽӣߣǷɽΪ㻳ɣҲͿʲôߣ
һ·صԷͥԺ˷óɽһۺ˫ִһƣӡ˷ɽ֮ϡ
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˵ҩΪ󵤣ƷϽ鵤϶ҩƶɣҩЧ󣬳֮⣬侭֮Ч
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ʵϣµĵҩϣһ󲿷ֶĽȡڶơ˵ȫڵΪۣѻɹʳĵҩ


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뵤ӽᵤʣֵҩǸɵҩֻжһףֻڵĺĵӣŻʸô൤ҩ
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վӣǰһ̤ʱӰȻ䵭ͬһ㣬˲ʧӰ١
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ֲ֪ʦĹϵ֪ԼڵһУĽģԣĽ񽻴飬߾ȫ
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Բ֮ڣһС¯һŻֽĽӰʱĿתĶŵ¯¶֮ɫֽ˵֮ϣڴ㳡򿪵⣬Ҫڶ߶֮


223 
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УƵҩ֮£ҪƷʱļʽһֻ׼ļƷǵҩˣ
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˴ĵҩЧȻǳɹڤ˫۱Զγڤ֮ۡ
ĵ·ϣһ·ߵĵλڤۣ֮һԭ
ʱŷӴһĻ̧ۣͷ죬֮üͷ΢壬ȵϷϽ˹ۿʦܣѵ֪
ŷĴ֮ڣ߳ˣǰһţεһЦ˿Цǿ˵ˣʦ֮ʱñ˹ۿġ
˵գŷһȭ˵ʦ֣λĹͣĽҪοʦʦ
ˣĸݣȫȴɢӴϢΪȻ͡
ŷüͷһ壬˵
ɫ糣λĹȴɫһ䣬¶Цֻûзת뿪
̾˿ʹ˵ȴִҪۿ̾һͣ׷ȥʹ̸
˱Ͼҩҳļ۸ҲΪĶԻ΢һ¡
ߺŷмʱ䣬˴ʮϢĿһ˫ӡһԾƮڰգֱ߶֮ϴߵ
ʱ·趯˿ʡϵʦвԼͬ¶羴֮ɫ
߶ڷºͨһ𣬾Ȼƶ·һֻεĴϿղһ㣬γһԲΡ
ԲΧŵеһ
ͬʱ㳡֮µڣĽƵĵ֮ϵҲ֮Ӧ֮
Ľҧָ⣬˫ӡѪ߸ţֱ֮ϣţĺ·һ㣬Ŵӵ֮ϷҰ໥Ʒڡ
ܿ죬׷׻ӰԲƮڰգмһ³ĽĵΪһ塣
Ŀ˵ǰһӣʱһӰ֮Ȧڵϣţ˫ͺȵ֣
Ϣ䣬ƮһͷףüӡɫǵֱĴӵϵĲӰ֮Ȧڳ֡
һ֮ڶʱ֮˲ǰĵӰҲģ
Ľֵı˫¶׷֮ɫܿ죬˸Ĺâȴ˶ӰⱾȣʵѷɫ̫̫ࡣ
ֺĿ䣬ǰȥٽĵĵ֮ʱͷĽһۣĽĿ⿴ĵһĿ⣬̫ϤˣӶǰոʱ򣬶ԷһֱӵĿ⣬ڶȥԷĿеĺ⣬֮
Ľæ˫ٿ֮£֮Աƶ
ֱûκԥһԾϥ˵֮ڣţǺϡ
ʱ֮ϵĹ㳡ڣŷ˫쿪֮ĿĹ˸м֮Ȼ䣬֮ɢỤ̃Ʈɢ仯һֻɫ֣չ
ŷóһһʱϡ֮ŵر׷£뵽Ǵ֮ϡ
Ǵһգٴλ̣ص˵֮ڡ
ŷĿ˸ȵ׼ƷѪ
˻һ䣬ʱеһǰһĴڷɳһƿƿڷһ֮ԣСĴڵһöѪɫҩⵤҩһ֣ʱѪ֮
ɫЩ԰ףŴ˵֣΢΢ȻҧѪӽΧһ֮ڡ
ⵤҩһ뵤ʱǶڴ֮ţһѪɫ⣬ⵤȻðγһͨѪɫӡ
ͬһĻڹ㳡֮µڣҲڽУֻһĵȻ˸âţڳһ˴С֮⣬㳡֮ϵͨѪһһ
ĿǰһĻʵǺ֮
Ľ¶Ϊ֮ɫŷԴļ˵Ʒ鵤ӶõһöƷ鵤ַĳɹ˵ǲߣ֮ƣҪ߳١
ʱ㳡֮ϣŷĿٴκȵμƷֵ
һˣһ֮ԣӴصóһöͨĵҩСĵķڵ֮ڡ
ʱһɫڵ֮С
ŷӲϧѪƷҩֻͬɫĹ֮һһ֣һĻɽ֮⣬ҲԿ
ŷĵΪţмĵ¯һҪɣһҪɣɹϷоƷҩٰʣͿԴճʱϷƷҩףԴƴһѣƷ鵤
˫ۣ˸δйĹâĶмĵһҧȵˣʼ
ʦϷ׷¶֮ɫɹô˾Ʒ鵤ļ֤ߣҫһʦһ׷
һһԾ𣬷ֱϥƮڳԲ֮ϣ֮У˫߶
ŷûаԥ£ϥƮǵϣĿ
ʱ˿̣ڹ㳡֮µڣĵ㳡һ׷˸âֲͬɫĹ
֮Уŵĵ¯ⵤ¯֮£Ľĵⵤ֮Уֵı
𾡹ڵڣȴûնʱȫ׼Ϊ˴򿪵⣬֮󲻳١
Ľأ˫Ѹٱ仯ֱ֮УţϸƮɢϸ˿Щϸ˿죬ȫŵĵ¯֮ϡ
һ˿˿Ʒ鵤׶õĽַ͵͵ȡӦã⣬ͽ˴򿪵⣬Ҫԣ޸֮ء
ʵĽõĴ򿪵ֻ֮ҪνҪҵ㣬һҪ޸֮ءһ㣬ŷѾ
ڣǵȴʱ䣬⡣
˵֮⣬ڶҪʱνʱҵµʱ䣬ֻͬʱ򿪵⣬ŷʱҪ
ʱԽСٻ䵤ļʾԽС֮ǲ̫ôҩٻ
һУĽ˵УѾ֪ڰǰǣ¯µʱ䣬Ǻʱ
Ľ˴ĵ伮յóһʱ䣬Ǿʱ̡νʱʱν̡̣
һʱʱ̣һѵⵤʱ䣬Ҫ֪ⵤѡ֮ʱ
ȻˣĽһ㶼ر֮ҩʱŻѡѰҩûκ֡
ֲֻ²⣬ʮ׼ȷʵϵһЩʦΪ˷ֹ˰ѵ֮¯͵ߣʱϽ˱䶯һԷõ¯׼ȷʱ䣬Ҳ޷õڵĵҩ
Ľõķڽһϣǿ΢͵ҩƷ߶¯Ӷʹõ䡣
һֻҪʱ̫࣬ͿȵĴ򿪵¯ڵҩ𻵳̶ȱ֮;򿪣Ҳٺܶࡣֻʱ̫ôȻǻʹõҩΪϵ
ΪⵤĴڣŷεɹʲߣҶ˽⣬пܻʩչѪʩչѪֻһ߷壬ʱǳⵤ¯̣֮Ľ̬أ˵
ʱţʱ㳡֮ϣŷ˫ۣԸоܼӪ֪ΪΣڷɿļ٣һͲƷ鵤ơ
ǵһûгֹʱؼʱ̣ϾˣĿкâһͺȵѪ
ڵʦһɫ΢䣬ܿ죬ǱĿ¶ᶨ֮ɫûκԥģ׷ԼڵһУһƬƬѪʱ㳡ͬʱҵ
㳡ڵȻﵽһ߶ȣŷĿһ˫ӡµ¯ͬһа㣬еʱҲȻһȫеĵӿ
ŷأʱݳְɰڴһ٣֮ǰѾʧ˺ܶΣһΣܷɹĵûеס
һ̣ڣĽһüģʱһƵѪѪҺڰе֮ϣʱеĵȻһɢĹɢɫâŵ¯ӿȥ
¯ϣ˸߲֮âϵĵֽӿӿֵ˲䣬¾ճ׾һĴӵ¯¡
ͬʱǵ¯֮ɢһͬѹ¯һ飬һŹԲСɫҩˡ
ʱһ൤֮ϴֻһѷ죬˲ϳ֡
Ʒ鵤Ľ͵˫ۣЩ׼Ȼ̲סʧ


224 Ӥ
ԣƷ鵤¯֣ڣΪʲôûκ󣿡Ľ鵤Ŀת
ָһץʱ鵤һзָס˵һۡ
˵ɫΪ࣬ѺڣɢңһŨ
Ʒ鵤Ľ˵
Ľǰվߣù˵ϸ˼ۺ̾Ϣ׼ȷ˵˵αƷʵƷϽסǴ򿪵ʱ䣬٣˵ѣƷ½˵ȷ򿪣ƷʶȻﵽƷϡ᪻ΪļɣȻһöƷϽ鵤Եⴢ棬ⵤҩƷʵĲ²⣬䴢ޣҲǧꡣ
Ŀŵҩ˵ⵤҩʶ
Ľ˼Ŀһ˵᪻ŵƫ棬ʢĵҩ֣ûв²⣬˵ӦƵƵйѲ֮ЧͻƽᵤӦòڻ¡
ֳù˵󣬶Ľ˵ң
Ľĵ˵ͷ˫¶һ˿飬˵ģʧҲûϵⵤ֮Ȼڶ߶飬ʱǶȻϾ˼ǡ
¶һ˿âƽ˵Ӧò鷳˵գͷ˵һۣ˵ϥأֵü֮ϣʱƾյʧԭء
Ľһҧ´뿪̫ʱ䣬Ȼ˻ɣһӣʱǽϳһ󷨣Ľһͣ˳֮ڣʧ֮С
ʱ˿̣֮ϵĹ㳡ŷӵѾ˰Ȼʱ˫Ŀ˸˷֮â֮ͺһڷɶȥ˫һӣʱ֮һ
һ̣ƱɫԭڵգȻֻһö˸âĵҩĴӵ֮ƮԽƮԽߡ
ⵤҩܣλ¶ӰȻ֮ǰѪʦڵҩǻ
ŷ̬أȭ˵λѣϷ˵ΪӴ֮󣬴˵Ϊ鵤Դ˼λ
һελһ¶οı飬Ŀⵤҩۺһһɢ
ͬʱҩ½ŷһץУɫ糣ȴΪ˷ܣɹˣһϷͿԳƷ鵤
˵֣ϥռ䣬ɫҩĿ¶֮ɫ֮һ˵Ѵ˵С
˵ڣ̻һɫѸߣת޾
ͬʱֵĽ𵤣ת
ģһ˿˿ɫߣڽ֮УԽԽֵ࣬Ϊ˲ﵽ˽ᵤڵĴԲ
ʱΪڲϵ𵤲ͣ׳󣬽ģһενɫҺӽϵ£·ڻһ㡣
壬һ˲䣬͸Ŀڵһб仯
ִʱ̬ƽĴȴӤһ̡ȫڻ֮ʱǽӤ֮ʡΪ˽ӤѾ400꣬ʵٶȣ˵죬Ҳ
˵Ӥĺ˽Ȼͬ
һԽӤɹôͱʾ֮ǰļƻɹ˵һڶǰѷ뱾ںһںϣӤ
һܹӤôļʶͻõһͻƣ㣬ôǵһˣ
ħҲ֮أ뻯ʿʱ
Ҫһǣ˻صԹʵٻԪУѾİٶֺ꣬ޣѾκݣҲκ˿ֹ˭ֹҪѪĴۣ
400ʱ䣬ֲ֪ٻԪΪﵽʲô磬ΣһֱӤɹֻҪٻԪûдﵽڣô³κθı䡣
ֶȻţİʱ䣬ͿһԪӤڵʿΪҪ֪ԪӤϣ˵ǵȽˣÿһСѶȶ
磬һε¥ԽԽΪϡ١
ᵤԪӤӤ䡢ʶ߸֮УԪӤһˮ룬һﵽԪӤʹſԴӴ̤żΪǿеһԱ
˱֮⣬һҪԭҲڱ޲ǾԹ֮سӵΣС
ţԳӵĿʣȻ뿪֮صķһԷ˹֮أôһҪѰҵģȻ
ں˹䴫ܸ֮оԼÿ춼ɱ䣬ֱ仯ҪܸоԼĹȣŹ翿£
û֮ǰ룬ǿȡüøĸⱲӹϺӣɵʸΪһµĵ·ʱΪ֮سǣȻĳǳأڷ˻ʵڵĶǣҲûп
ɹ˳Ϊˡͬʱ֪ԹֻһСأϣԹһĹңȱȽǡ
䣬ֲϵر޲Լ뾡һзԼǿĿģɱԹѩޣһңֿ˺ܶ࣬۽Ȼ俪أ֪ԼĽ£ȸǣԹֻ֮ϣļ弶յȸ
֪ȸǣʵͳߣȸ
˹񴫳֮һαǺǿ֮Уȸһʵ̫̫ˣľ޴ɻһһС
һֵ̣̬ɱ䣬룬ٴߣϵ׷ΪԼøǿֻſȥ
˵ʱ֣̬ڴӳ֮Ϊ˱ΪΪ׷һ룬һʱ˲ڽ£Ҫ׷޵ǿ̬
̬һǿ߱ҪУһֱᶨľġ
ʮպִ߳Ӹһ֣ҵڵı𣬺϶Ϊһͬʱһ˿˿㳡֮϶߶ȻϢ£ڡ
ڽյںϣݲóְĻǰʱ֣вڷ뱾ں֮С
ʱȹڣ˼Ϊ谭֮⣬һϸ˿ܷɹκ˶޷֪һУֻܿ˵ľ
㳡϶߶ڴǧַ֮ϵذڣĹתͬһڶһ㣬ЩԵ
ڷ뱾ںϵ˲䣬Ҳڽĳֱ仯һ㣬ܽ˵ֻ֡
ڶ㣬ա
գһȫͬ磬ɣʾһڣۺԣᱻתΪʺһľ硣
գ磬һΪǿ󾳽硣
ʵϹһǿȫһеĹÿһѺжȻȻĵõĴй
Ϊֻеѹڶ󣬲ӵǿĹԹ֮ʩչڶ㹦ôԲڣеᱻڣԵһӶγһѭ
ֻϾǹһĹǻ֮УôȻڶ㣬ڣһ֮Ҫﵽһ磬Ѷʵ̫
Щת䣬ת䣬ĵڶȣʵ΢
ʱһΣĽΰ˫޵֮գ
һգһƬϲƣһƬһ⣬˷Ѹɽ۶
ڸɣ壬ȫˣо󲿷ֶŻͽƣҲֻڲſӵУκһɣ㡣
Ϊ̫࣬ڹ㿪ɽţɽڻɽ֮ڣ֮⣬ǲڵӣڸҪ֮Ѳߣͬʱӭӵá
Ҫ֪ĽڵĵλΪȻϾǽеλƷʦ֮һΰҲ⣬丸Ϊڳ֮һΪȻﵽԪӤڵԲΪпܽڳΪʼѡ֮һ
ЩΰҲǱڼֻΪﵽԪӤڣһϵеʵϣڰѾնΪһѡ֮һ丸ԳΪʼ棬ôȻΪδ
ĻҲĽ˫ޣ˫֮ĳϽڰĽ˩ס֮⣬˵ǽ̧ΰΪΪԺڣ̵档
Щ飬ɵ߷׷֪˴˫ޣ˵ڱ˴˸ӽڵһ㡣
ϾڣΪڣ޵˴֮໥ڵĵλ
ΰɫͦεºдһɿʱ뼸֮վڴ֮ӭ˵Ĺ͡
˵΢Ц۽ȴʼʵԽǽӽ֮գԽľִͷ֮С
ָоΪЦǻյ˵죬ڵĴӣеԪӤʼ漸ȫӱչ߳ڽյңô³Ȼֻ·һ
ǶԷΪﵽ˻ڣ
ΰΪԻʿݣڵңҼǻڣڱħıκһʿҪ˼֡
һΰҲκɣԼľһЦĵԼˡ
ֻˣУȴʱ˸Ľʶ֮˱
ʱΰ֮ǰһߣĿΰһۣŲԻΰٽ󣬳˵ΰҪ̫࣬ʶ֮˽ˣΪȻѷɣΪͨ죬Ҳûκô飬ҷľǡ
ƽȴйɲɵϢˣΰ֮Ҳڳ֮һ
ΰæǣֵ飬κˣΩڸף֣һһʮ
ʱ£Ĵ󶨣̧ͷȥʱֻǰŲŶվİ׷ߣתͷ΢΢һЦ
쳣ΪĪ⣬ȻﵽԪӤڣֻһعΪʵ߹һѿ͸
׷֮ˣ࣬󣬸һ˵ȣϸԷЩ˵ΪߵͲȣÿһǷڱɣһԾΪݸ߹ϯʦ
Ȼ˾š룬أԶһŵ˷ɽһֱݶ
ͬʱһǰһƿնڴʱ¶ڵӰһۣݳɣ֮ɫ
ǺȻ˾ϣ̹һЦȭ˵֣֡ϲ
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쳳Цǰȭ˵˾ѣһʮδǽձڴǺ˰
°ͺ룬һЦ˾϶ϴδӦһǧտ
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˹һЦֱ˴˽̸䣬һ֣ΰǰָ˾߽
˾ϸĴΰۣЦȻһ˲ţΪȻڽӤż꣬ڶһλԪӤڸ֣ã
ΰºһЦ˵ǰޣʵҵ
˾ϵ˵ͷ߽
֮з֮ɹʱѾ˲֮ˣ˴˻̸໥ЦҾ
˾Ͻٲһ֣ͬΰˣ뿪˴
뿪֮˾һԣ໥ۣ˾ϴ˵ˣڣ
ɫ糣ͬţֻµĲ²ˣ׼ȷɷɽʧǰڳˣλԪӤʿ׷԰Ȼߣ̽ӵĳôˣǵˡǷڴ˵أ¾Ͳ֪ˡ
˾ϳİ˵ħľٺ٣ħħע⣬ҺȻ˵δǼ£
һˣʷأһŵ˾̧ͷ⡣
ʱ½ˣгһЩڴΰд⣬ɼ壬ڵӽһһ
ܿ죬ϯ˴˸ۣΪ֡ҲһЩϧ֮ˣڽ䣬ƣĿ
ڴܣվһȦڵӣǵΪڣ˴Ŀбӣͬһֱվ
ʱ䲻ˣӴ߽󣬸ʮϣΰǽ󡣳Щ֮⣬ĽҲȻڣϴɴĿƽ
˽󣬸塢ɵ߷׷ײ̸Ŀ
ڴף쳿һۣЦ˺ͷʾ⣬Ŀһɨƽ͵˵λѣڴϲ֮ա
û˵꣬Ȼ䣬ͻȻһͬʱһѹӵص״˳ѹɨ֮£ʱԪӤʿ׷ײվĿ¶֮ɫʶص̽ȥ
Ľ¶һ˿飬֪֣ˣ


225 ȥ
㳡ڣĽϷ֮һ̺ͬһѷ죬Զѿ˲¡
ͬʱһϼ⣬ѷɢâԽԽʢѷıڣȫϼ֮Уһ̵ңɼϼɣԡ
һ㣬ٴѿ϶ڵϼ⣬ȻŨҫĴۣڴʱһֻӨ͸ֱۣĴӵѷԱһʱȻ鿪޴Ƭɢء
һ׷ƮƮӣʱʱʵƻ÷ǻãѵĵ֮ƮȻƮڰգ˫۽գһһʹȦ䱳󻺻֣ϸԷ֣֮ʱ䵤֮һһһСˣϥС˫ĿգȫɢʣΪ档
壬֮任һ˿˿Ϣѹɢ֮彥ʵ任ʵ
Ȼ䣬˫ۣڵСˣҲͬʱ˫ۣûͫףͫ״ڵģֻɫ磬磬ǵһĴڣһơ
Եѹ˫۵ĺɫڣйҵϼ⣬ɢһգƵӿȥ
ʱڣһɫĴܶĴ󣬵ϵЩƬ̼㻯Ϊɻңɢһա
֮ϴڵЩʿڲ쳣֮󣬷׷ɢʶصֻ̽ڽµ˲䣬̱һǿѹײϣ׷ײջʶһ¶ݡ
һ̣ɽ֮ϣɫ䣬һӴѹӵص׺ȻӿƺɽΪ֮һΡ
ƣƮճ֣Ȼ
ʱڳɡʿǣһɫ䡣һЩʶߣ̴Ͽһ˿ߣʧ⡭˽Ӥ
һڳһԪӤʿ⣬еʿ׷¶˼֮ɫҪ֪ӤκһʿΪؼ֮£һ˵ҪչؼڼػԷ⡣
ڣȻڽӤڴ󲿷жһͷǾǣһλԪӤʿ
ܵһЩԼɣҪȭϲ֮ʱ˾ϹһЦ˵ϲڣһλԪӤʿ֪˭Ƿʶβʶһ
쳶໥ۣתڳϣЩһɫãȻʾ֭ѹμ䣬ջ벻˭ڴʱӤǷ׷ҡͷ
һ˾ɫѿɫ˵˾ѼЦˣ¶Ӥ֮ˣҲΪ棬һ󣬶ȻλʶĻᣡһ˿ɭ֮УǸ롱֣Ǽ
˻һʱеʿ׷Ϊ֮ĿûڽӤô飬ͱ˼ˡ
ͬʱܸɡʿҲĵЩϧǽӤ֮ʵڲǣֻ½ռӤ֮ʱҲ̡֮
ڵ棬ʤһУˣˣ
쳣ɫΪѿĿ⣬ƤЦⲻЦ˵ϷҪ˭˵ҽɽӤԪӤϷҪˣ
쳳һ˦˲ʧԭأͬʱڸɵԪӤʿ׷չ֮ͨ˴ЩУǳſֵ̬Ҫ֪Ϊһɣֵ飬ʵڲ
ڽ˵£ͱԺӤȣ˫޵ʵ΢
뿪˲䣬㳡ϰڷŵ춦Ȼ䷢ţ߶ͬһֻڲ㣬׷ɢһ޴УѳһĹַ϶
һɹŨܵϢӵط칵ɢʱ㳡̺
˾Ͼɫ糣ȴһϢǵԪӤʿɢ
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һͬһ㣬Ȼӵط룬ͬʱȵηѽڽӤѵô
Ӹһط֮Ȼ䣬ڴһǷ̺֮ǿҵĿֻ֮С
һܵԪӤʿһ˺󼸲صĶŹ֣·̺ʲôԶħһ㡣
ΰ֮Ǹߣɫһ䣬˷ͬʱЩڵԪӤʿҲ׷ǰһӴó
ʱΰѾӴܳûԪӤʿ˲ͨȻһ֡ľ֮УԽǿңѾһļޣִͷ֮УȻüޡ
ĽƵںţΰӰĿ¶֮ɫŹ֣һ˿顣
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֣ⷢ꣬ĿһɨĽϣ˫һ˿飬ſ֣
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Ľһ·ȥ˷׷ײಽ࣬Ҳɫױ任ǿЦÿ·
ΩߣɫΪѿĽ׼ϱʱȻһ֮£˳ӵЩѿ
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ʱֵӰѾתƵһˣЩԪӤʿ̷׷׺ˣ˴˼ָǿķչ˹
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˻ǿΪȫҲûɱ쳵ԭҲû̳֣Ľߡһû˹˼ɡ
һսֵĿģ壡
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226 뿪
һߣ˵һ˦ʱһƬƬȻзɳϸ飬ȫĴָСĺɫɳɣһƬһŨܵȷ硣
ɵԪӤʿϳʼ֮һ°ĳī档
ī治ȫ綾Ƥ׼ΪͣзȫӣһϣҲǼϢʱ䣬ᱻ̸ɸɾͷ°㡣
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Ҫ֪ǰһٵ涾Ѿ磬һī涾ν̸֮ɫ䡣
ļڣҲԳ°īΪȤÿÿҪҪһЩɴ˿ɼ˳ļУҲǲɶ֮
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Ҳ֣֮⣬ûκ˻ӵ˶ҺܰôĶڰ˲ϡ
ʱչ
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֮⣬°ī棬ҲһһȡһƵĴڣԱպ衣
⣬ڽᦸĽµʱ䣬һīʯٴһΣѡǵһԵĽᦡ
ֻһԽᦣΪһƣҪ˼ܾ֮Żӡ֮ϡ
֮󣬽ᦽ֮գֹ˼ɵ٣ԥδӡһƣһᦵȻ޷ӵֻڴǵһԣԾûСɣ֮֮ǰƷСɽᦣҲֻһЩˡ
һ峿̤΢磬Ľڲصĵҩ뿪ڣڴ֮վһŮӣĿ¶飬һֱֵӰԶȥ
֪´Ǻ¡ʵĽԭǴһ뿪ģֻһƽŮӣ֪Լߣ׳Ϊ׸ĪڣΪһڶԷУԼĵλֻԽԽߡ


227 
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ʱǰһͬʯˮһ㣬ֲܿ죬¶ڵĹŴ
һʧԭأʱȻվڴڣһĴóϣڴϣѵĲνӶϡ
ţ̧ͷңһڣĿ¶ᶨ֮ɫóμƷʯķ֮С
ʱȻһһ⻷˸ǼƷʯѸٵɢžһѳɻҡ
ͬʱֵӰǹ⻷֮˲ģգۼʧӰ
֮عƽ
ħںһ֮أ̣ڵϣһ̮֮أʱӵصȻһ죬ţ̮ʯ鱻һɴƶȻɢУĿ˳
ǰƬϤĴأ³һƮ𣬵ڰգһͣٺ󣬱Ŷ۶ȥ
ֵĿ꣬ѰҹŴԼȸǵĵͼڳʱѼ˲٣ȴʼûпԹڡ
ֲ֮²⣬Թڣпħһߡ
м䣬ɫһ¶ЦЦ֮ɫȻ뻯ʿӴʶںɨ䣬һˡ
ħԳ٣ʧһɶʹħȫ¶֮£صɴȻʧӰ١
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ʧһϵӦȣǼһֱļĿħϡ
ţǸСɡ壬׷ǲµӽħ̽ʵһ꣬չ
ЩĺɫˮǱһЩͨŲƶĻħڽ޷סˮ̺ĳֶأʼ̫ʱһӿԭ֮ǲηȴͬСɣ̶̵ļڣȻɱͽʿ
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ͬʱҲһΪרȡڵڵְҵһʿȺԾ;߱һΪɱȡ
һգħںس⣬һʿȻվڳͷ֮ϣңԶ꣬òãۣĿǡ
֮󣬴üͷ΢壬һ˦ƮȻ˳ųǽ¡
һأȻӳ߳ˣһһŮеձԲϣ˿ήҲ񣬾Ƿϣ·
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˾ɫӦͬһɡ
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һǷӣ˵֣ʲôʣɷĳ
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ŮٴκһǽһֹۣʲôƽʣȻƷڵȥ
һ٣ǽУһۺ˵˵ͷ˵⽣ʵȷЩŹ֣Ҳȫá˵գһ˦ѽʵݸ˶Է
ˣ߰ɣ֣һ㣬ȷǵطаצ޴ڣŮӣص˵
΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
һĴʱڷɳһҾ޴ĴۣһͣϣҲһ档
ٶȷɿ죬̻һ磬˲ԶʧС
У֮⣬˷׷ױĿ⴬ǲǵһγÿΣҪȹĻ޷ٶȡ
¶һ˿֮ɫ˵ǽᵤڵΪȴ̫뵱ҲǽᵤʱͿɰȻڴ۴֮ϡ
ڽᵤʱͬʿҲֿߣϾʶǹԶˣǷǼ˿ɵټϷḻս顣һΪԼԪӤ֮µһˡ
һУֱһˣһ׷ӣ
Ŀи˵֮¶һ˿Цİ֣ԪӤ֮ȻɹӤ֪Ƿɹûɣôٴ֮ʱĳȻһѪǰܣ
󣬴һԭϿͣ£ˬŮӷ׷˫ۣŮĿ˸âü˵֣צģ
ƽ˵ó淭һƴС͡һߣʱɢ֮ζ
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ƽɫ糣ЦĳѾ£Ȼϰ˽⣬ΪͰѴץסһΣλˡ
Ů°һ̧˵ȻΪֻᵤڣɱ֮£Ǿͺá
˵ţһԾӴڳ˳ȥһǷϵӣǿЦһæϡ
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ĸں棬ܿǰ㴫Ůӵ֮߳ͬʱַ֮׷˸
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ֻצ޵ڵȴǼΪˣ֮޲ͬа˸ڵټ϶ħĸʴɢԴЧǣɱޣͳ˶ħרڵִ˲ƣ
ƽѾ⣬ᵤС궾ҩɱ˴޺ɱ˶ᵤ
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æ˺ɣ𷨱̬Ϊƽﲻ֪ΪŮӣʱҲǹվߣ˹ޱȡ
ѣþò
һƺƵԶݶƽһԴ˵ǰʶ£
ͬʱһ׷꣬ԶٶȲ죬ʵȴգۼ䣬ɱ˴֮ľ룬ǰʮ⡣
ƽĿŴˣ˿ʧ㣡
֣ɨŮһۣĿͶƽϣ¶ЦЦ֮ɫĻȻһ۾ͿƽĻ졣
ֺˣԪӤڵΪȴСһˣҲȤٻһһŮУȴͬһ㣬һ
Ҳʲôƽӹ֮ʱֻɫļΪѿ໥ۺ󣬶˿ֵĿм֮⣬һȭѸٺˣ缲۶ߡ
ƽЦĿںâһ˵һĴʱгһСģһº̻۲ɼĺɫϸ˿۶ȥ
Ǻ˿ٶȼ죬ۿҪ׷϶ʱһڶ֣˿̱ڣʧǶѾӵӰ١
ƽɫΪѿжֺ֮ǣȴЦѣþò


228 ճ
ֿƽһۣЦЦ˵СӦǶħ֮˰ɣħһ򻤶̣պҪСһЩ
ƽЦŮӵҲˣǲӣȴǶħĺĵ֮һǱˣպĺֹ鷳ϣǺܶ඾ħռݵǶ̤벽
ʱȻǿǶ˵ʱǰָһֺܴѹʮֵĽԷֳʵľ֮С
˽ᵤڵٶȣھȥ׷Ҳ˵׷ϡֺϾĻ˵
ƽ̾˿ȭ֣вǲ˵޷ҽ䲻Ҳǲ
Ŀһ˵ħĵͼ
ƽһҡͷ˵ħĵͼĳûУҪȥǷл˵ջ񡣡
Ŀںâ˸֮ԲɱƽΪ˽⣬Ļ֮ˣɱף˵ʵȴЩѶȡ
ҪЮȻƷõ滰Ŀܣʵڲ
ԣڿƽֹ׷ɱᵤСԴΪԷһļȸС
Ŷֱһͬ߰ɣǻȡͼȥѰС١ɫ糣ƽ˵
ƽĬƬ̣̾˿ĻӸճʱǿʵĻϲĵΪĻӶᵤСȻҴ롣
һУ֮УԼ֪ĵضԷĿģǱԼɱǶˣȻڴһУΪڣԼ˵ʵͬʱԷȫɢΪҲڰʾԼ̵ףôɱԼ
ַ֮һֱƣ˴ִƽӵĿһۣ˵һĴóһüģϸİռӡ
ʱ䲻ݸ֣˵ĳЩħһеͼ䣬ȫ֮ڣЩ̫֣£¸ǣ
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ֻ޾ϢڸԵֻ̣Ҫǣ׷
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˵쳣һ޵ϢûУ̬أʶһɨûзκ쳣ȴֹŹ֮С
ĬһüģʱͷɳһֻԳ״ħͷȡԳǼƶɵĵħͷ
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ЩһԭʧʱȻϿ֮ϣһ٣±ϵɫ໥һ㣬γɱɻС
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ִڵ࣬ڵ£޵ΪӲ٣Ƭ̺Ŀһӡ΢£ʱγһ
кȵƣ
ֶ±ϣ̼·֮ѺۣѺԽԽ±ȫ̮ʱһڹѸٷɳű漲۶ȥ
ʶһɨѴֻǺڹ֮һֻƴСҴгĹŹ
էһëȻ֮УǳĿһСӴСкâ˸ȻǷ֮ʡ
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ֻ˵һֱ໵ĺмһ˷ܣǹŹ֮ȴȻֹİûиʲô⣿ô϶ѿɵȥԣҪһȥǡ


229 
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һ٣ܿ죬һ˿ɢϵ⣬һǻȻգۼʯ
ĵ׺ȻȻԼղûϣûעԼæĺˣ⣬ֻҪֲǿԼ˵ʲôҲȥ鷳
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һ֣ӭ󣬼ӶݵһһǰǷһʵںѱα
Х޵ע⣬۶ߵӶʱһת˹žһۺ󣬾޴˲ȻߣѸٷɻأХųȥ
ܿ죬ޱ໥սһֻɢ䣬ޱ˴˶ڱãͬʱǾ޴ĿϵͼԷڡ
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СʱɢɫȻҪĹֶΣڸͷһôǷĿǴ
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ܸоǿ棬Ȼ޷ʳڵͷٶȣҲ
֮ǰΪĽƽĴ۴˵ȡԹ֮صС쫷磬ٶȴ죬޷Ǵȣڣ⿴ΪٶȻƽ۴ַ֮УҲضá


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ֲڴϣһ·۵糸ޣֻҪ鼶Ʒᱻ֮ʳڵ
һ߷Уһ߰Գ˼ѹȫ䣬ڹҵһֽ޵ǿ˵ǴСʵ󣬵ȴһ㾪˵ƣǾ䳤Ŀ
ڹͿ˾ļУֻһΣһϵڣƬϵûκʿڣһƬɫ֡
Ϳ˾ҲΪѰϣźϵǻϵڣԹǿҲЩ
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뷨һ·ϣּٳ֣мδǿУЩһֱĿֻΣʱųְ
һ˵·Щ飬޵Ĺԣȴǲϵߡ
ֲŴޣīǡ
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󲿷ֵʿѡ񻨷ʯԴһ밲ȫϿԵõϡ
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ȴ֪ʼգֵʶϣһֱʧֲջʶŲīڡ
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УƽߵΪֻдﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬲ſԽڡ
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һӲù
ļˤڵأ仳Уһɫ飬ȭͷСӨ͸
¶֮ɫæһץס񣬺ݺݵ߬С
ʱ꺺Ȼǰվλõĵ·˴һӣֲ
üͷһ壬˺һÿ˶Էֱۡ
꺺Ŀ¶죬Ȼݺݵ˵ҵүү·ҹ
Ŀƽ˴һۣ꺺ӵΪֻǿﵽڣǲӲȫȻǷʳҩӲ
꺺һֲ˵һת߬꣬˵ӣıӵ͵үүҵʯ
һо¶־֮ɫȻ˵˵ҼҴ֮
꺺ӴЦǰһűһץõ˵ӾǿˣΣ㣬Ӳŵȥ˵ţóһƷʯ˵ϡ
꺺ӵһ֮£˺ݺݵˤڵϣ³ڴڵѪɫ԰ףһ˫۾¶Թ֮ɫĶŶԷ
ʱһЩˣ׷ײĿһ꺺ӣɵɫһ䣬̵ͷװûҴ뿪
ֿһۣ㲻ᣬתӡԪӤۼĵȥʶϵһ֣Ͼʯʯ񣬼ֵƣȭͷСһ飬˵ҲһٿƷʯ
꺺ӸղŵԻǷ֮ǰֵӣȻϲģֻΪĽСʵ᲻Ȥͽһ
ֻǣмѰԷ鷳꺺ȴǲģ˰ֺΪԵãԽţͷһת뿪ıӰɵһתȵվסղߣ
˵ţһԴȥ
ֽŲһ٣ת˴һۣһ֮£꺺Ӷʱľĳȥƣֹסͷʱڳһ亹
ƽ˵֮ת̡
ʱǵ֮⣬߳һߣƣ谵˫ɨһۣ㲻⣬Ĩҡ
꺺ɫײбۿ˿ܣֺܶ˾ɵһҧһĴʱɳһѷɽһֱָӰкȵȥ
Ƿɽ磬ټϾֱͲԶ˲䣬ɵֽǰֻǷɽδ֣ǵһĴмϿֳ룬ˤڵϡ
תһΣɱһӣһӰֶȻӡ꺺Ӷͷ֮ϡ
һҺһ̻һ̲ѪˮֻѪˮеһԼδüڵɫʯ
һԵǸ꣬۾ֱĶѪˮеҧ֮ӳһѼʯڻϸĿһۺæܿ
ܵ˶ʱ¶֮ɫ׷׶˵첽߿Զ˵ءǵڵߣҲɵüͷһ壬̬ƽæǰס˵ɵ겻⣬ѻ뿪
ɫһָϵԪӤӡǣ˵⣬ӡΪ
̬һ֮£̹æ˵ǰݹ֣˵
֮ɫֹ̾˿˵ǰ˵īԪӤ֮һҪպܿȰǲҪȴ뿪Ϊ
ɫ糣һԣƽ˵Ҹղɱ֮
ɫ˵ͷ˵
ʱͻȻӴ˳ǶһǿʶڳںɨһȦһɱҵӵĶͽ
ɫ䣬֣ЦǰСɣ뿪ǹСʵڵ˴ԪӤеѾһգǰպҲᱻġ
վӣĿƽʵղŴ֮ˣƣ
һʶĵ˵ͷ̣ɫ䣬ٿԷʱȻʧԭء
īϿգһһִߵĹͷ󺺣Ȼ˴üۣһ⣬Ŀ
ϣϵһŴСһĴÿһ棬ɢѹ
īԪӤ֮һԭڱչأӦԼĵӻѪɢȻǱɱŭ֮£߳չ֮ʦ
Ϊ˷ֹԷߣѾ˰īǷټһЩӱɱ̵ʿȻ֪Է࣬ԪӤڵʶʼڳڴΧѰ
ֻԽңԽɻѾīȦ˷·һ㣬ʧӰ١
е̣Ҳʶ̽⣬ȴʼûз˵Ĵڡ
ŭ˶ĳߣֻй߰ˡ
ֻǣû뵽ǣһǰʮ⣬Ȼһ꣬һͷף쳣Щ˿еɱһһ
ͷͫȻһգ˺󼸲ŶԷŭ𼸺̱òȻȴΪĻͲΪλ
ǰȻ˲ƶټʶþȻҲûҵԷۺһֻһͣǾǴ˲ԪӤʿΪԶ
󣬶˵ֱһĴȻУĿкһеͺȵɢ
ʱ˲ƶ̻һյĺĻϯȥգۼ䣬īǱ㱻ڣգһӰ
ǹͷɫһ䣬İԽп࣬ûκԥϵĴһֻֻ̬ĳӣʱӴڷɳһƬǴ󺺰ڡ
ͬʱæ˵ѣᡭ
ֲ˵꣬һһᦣʱ֮ŵͬһ㣬Ȼڳ
ͬʱһĴͭžг֣ɢâ
ǽǿӲͬķ򣬺Ȼ£˲䣬ߵЩɳһɢһա
ľԪӤڵΪڶԷŹֵķ֮£ȻϢ֮Уⷨľ
˼ҧ⣬һѪ˻һѪӰ۶ˡ֪һֱⷨĻ֮£ȻûаȡʤֻܳԷĻͼɰܡ
ۿҪĻ¶ϲɫʱӽٴγ־ŵͬһ˷
ͬʱϵ˻жֻͷͭžһ£˴ϣ󺺼۵ѪӰ̲һ٣һ֮£ŵ̺Ȼ˴ϡ
Σʱ̣ſ³һꪣס֮ɫĺɨһȦʱŵһһɢ
ֻӰȴǱ˵һ£ɵΪ֮һ˵ջǴӳȴǲϵɢ̣̬Ϊήҡ
˲䣬ȻһѪԪӤͷһŵѸٶߣֻؿڣɳһѺɫĹɽһǻѪ
Զ¶һ˿Цһ٣Ǻɫɽʧ˲Ƶǰֹͣ
һжڼʱڷԪӤ壬ֻǼϢ֮䣬ʱīһֱעⳡսļԪӤʿ׷ɫ䣬ͬԪӤߣ˲ƶҽǺĻ֮У棬׼ԪӤһѡ
󺺵ԪӤһŵļ۶ߡͬźѣֻҪߣţԼһξǶһˡôҲû뵽ԼȻǳôһɷǣ˵ɱ֣ȴˣԼı⣬ԭɱ˶ԷΪӱֻǿԷ߱ԪӤΪЩ˼ֲԪӤôͱ˲̵ɱ
ۿͿҪĻ󺺵ԪӤ¶ϲɫʱͻȻͬź¶ɫ
һţоͻȻһ磬ʶ̧ͷֻһֻţӴСĿֲȻͷϿգ硣۵ģǾ޴ԽԽϸķ
˿̣־ʮŵԪӤʿ֮ǰ
Ӱһ٣ݺĺɫĿ죬ʧҲһ죬գۼ䣬ʧչǰһĻ
ֻĿֲĴԪӤͷһҫ£󺺵ԪӤԽԽСԪӤȫɡ
ԭڵ壬ֳһ˿ƣ˫Ŀһۺ󣬳һӣ׵ʧԭأصԶߡ
һ٣ᦡžȫͬʱϵĴԼǰꪣһһС
ʶһɨִӴóһƣԺɫдһء֣õƺ̧ͷԶһۣ˵һʧԭء
һսīڹۿڶ࣬һЩμеԪӤʿָɾնɱ󺺣˼Ϊ̵ӡǲķԼԪӤޣǵļʶ㣬ҲϲΪΡ
ͬΪߣҲǳĬûǰۣϾħڣʵһУζϣ˻ϱīǳ
ֻ˳չأ´пܱǳϾǷΪǱ֮ԪӤкڵʿҲضá
໥ۣǰ̾һ뿪
ٴʱеڣӸǴߣƽ˵ڣˡ


231 Թ
īǵĿջ־ס죬У½ԪӤʿǰݷãһĮ̬ȣһһӴҲʶ˲ʿ
ЩԪӤʿ󶼲Ǳ֮ˣר˲μУͷ󺺵һսЩ⣬Ҫ֪һʵ˵ɱͷֳ赭дЩĵ𶯣ŵһĻ
ʱһζת۱㵽пӣһ磬һᵤʿջĵݸһ·ǵ֮⡣
̵ߣֺ¶乧֮ɫСĵİӭ̣ںԺһǽϴһʱǽڵˮ硣
ЩӴóһ£ĵݸ֡
վԭأδʶһɨ̷أһĸ¥Ȼ߰λԪӤʿЩ˾£ǶԾǱ˴̸
ʶɨʱһλڱĿʿ˫֮⣬ûаˣҲΨһһûд֮ˡ
ʿɫ糣ȴһ˿
һղʶһɨ䣬ֵʿǳڣΩʿΪǳڣʵΪȻѾﵽԪӤڵ۷壬뻯Ҳֻһ֮
˲ֹ֪ʶΪǿ󣬾ȻԷֵ
ջʶֽӹ´ͷϣ˵һ̤ǽ֮УʱȻڴ֮ڣҵһλº󣬱Ŀ
ΪһЩ׼̸֮ʿı⡣
ǱĿʶȴһֱ޵ĶбǷʿղŽһ̣ʿĿ⣬һֱϣþòɢ
һᣬʿˣЩУͷ£òڣе⻹ɢһ
ֿȻ֪ЩȻǹ˼ϳ¶׵ıΪ鷳
ֻǴ˵ʿУҲвٲڸòߣȻ֣±¶ݡ
ĵȴиɻһīУôôԪӤʿء
һ˴λԼʮѵ˵УʮԪӤʿμӲɡ
ĵȻɻ󣬵ȴƽ硣
ֵһᣬûʿˣʱλõһߣɿһĿһɨ˵˴УϾУ˶һЩλ˶Ϊ˻ȡ裬Ӧûض顣Ϸ˵ţóһǰһʱڷɳڵԼ
֮ϣ¶âȻǾ߱
ڵΪƷޣλҲ֪ƷޣȻ൱ԪӤڵΪ⼸Ʒ޹ǲɣҲø޶ЧЩֻʯ˻˵
ЩƷƮڴǰ˿Уֻһ٣Ʒ̷ɵСУҲõƷˣҪ֪ڣ൱󷨣ӣֻֿԡ
Щ飬⼸˽̸ʱ֪ʱһԷ˵ǹٰͬ죬ĵ򣬴˵ضȻһڿռѷĴڣ֮ڣָͬղŽĵһĴڣв٣Щʿֻѡһɱ͵
һ׵ı˽ߵİȫ
ãһʿʯȡǼ⣬ʿٶܿ죬ֵһˡ
ģڸַҩŽóνﲻЩÿһֵƣԶѰʿԻá
óһ󣬶Աߵһ㣬ۡڵЩʿֻϲ֮ϣȻˣгƷҩ໻ܻӭЩپʯ
ħûɢ֮ǰʯĲ̫ԼֵƫֻͣΪƽʱ֮á
ħɢ޷ģһҰȻǳΣգԣ󣬱㱻ԽԽѡʹá
Ҫ֪Ϊ֣һǹŴϹʱʿ񣬲࣬Ҵ𻵣ԼʹõģǺܶࡣһĲͬ˵Ҳܴ֮⡣ʹùŴֻüƷʯһħû˿ʹá
ϾƷʯдʯҲٻ͡
һ֣ͨĴִͼˣÿʹãݾ룬ĵʯʮƷٿƷȣ˵͵ľ룬ҲǼʮȴĿǰħʿҪĴзʽ
ֻһʯıģģʯļֵ
ֵ֮һµʿͷɳƵ˵Ʒֻ࣬һЩϹŵ伮λѸȤһֻڴԣԱ㲻ҽۿˡ˵꣬һĴʱڷɳ߰˸
ЩɫһЩѾЩѣɢɣ֮Ȼ߱һޡ
Щ֮⣬һɫ֣ȻǴõĳַֹȥ鿴
ΪϹͼ¼ΪϹšΪϹŴͼΪЩֻڵҲҪ鼶Ʒڵһö򡣡ʿһһ֮󣬱㲻ѯ
üͷ΢壬˵ļ۸ʵ̫һƷ鵤Щ㣬οء
ʵʿҲǰ̾ûʲôõóֵĶЩһܸѰǹҲǼڣЩ򣬱
ʿտʼʱ۸Ҳֻǲμ˶кһֱʽһ֮£ֱҪۣЩǷôУһĲֵҪߣٸߵļ۸ҲһṺ
ʵϣ¶ˡ
ϹŴͼʱɫ糣ȴȻһû뵽ԼȻһֱѰҵĹŴ
˵Ȼһʿһ䣬ɵƵЩ֮ϵ⻤ֱ֣Ӹץס¼Ŵ˹
ĵһ֮µףѿ֪⻤˵ǿɵƵţʹԪӤڵʿҲ赭дһУֻܽΪԷԪӤڵʿ
õʶһɨ̶˵봢ڣͬʱӳƷڵ
ʿץסڵ̾һû׷ԷǿƳ֮£ֵһᣬʽ򣬱Щ
ڸղֳֵ˲䣬ڳԪӤʿΪ⣬һʿˣǴ£˵ò̧ͷ˲䣬ȴ¶â
ݵĳĬ֮ʿʼԼı
ʱ䲻ֵ֣ʱܶʱһƬеʿ׷ײĿҪ֪мһ֣֪ûУָղŵһץЩףǰµĵѣΪ򵥡
Щʿֿó֮ɵΪ档
ֳһĴڷɳƷڵ֮⣬мõķ
óЩѰ֮˲ɵĵʧµ沿ȴǲ¶֣ϾЩһϼ޻̬ĿƣȻǷ켫
ȸǵͼԽȫԽáƽ˵
һʱʿһɫŹ֣֮һ̽ʵѣЩȡͼǺѻħĵͼҲ
ɫ糣˵ŶԺܻͼ
ʿʱºһЦ˵ħʱղΪ˵һ£˵ħˣȸϣκһĵͼΪ֮Ͼȸ̫ˣûеͼʵڼ㡣
ħˣһµȵĵͼǻƷʯҪʮ顣еϵȣǻмУѵЩƷͲ
˵ȸǵĵͼˣǼǸʿԻ֮ǵеȼ֮ôµһħͼֻͼֻµȣںܶطǺȫ档
ֳĬ˵ѿаħܱĴΧͼ
ʿЦҡͷ˵ȵͼûС
УһڽʿȻ˵֮ǰֳʱ¶â֮һ
Ŀһ˴ϡ
ħԼܱĿ½һʮ˹ϵȵͼʲô۸񣿡ʿƽ˵
һʿʱ׷ײĿи˸⣬Ҫ֪ϵȵͼѾۣҴ˵ĵͼȻܱͬĿ½һʮ˹⼸Ѿ൱ȸǵʮ֮һˡ
˵ͼļ۸񣬾ǹ
ֳĬĿǰͼһƽӡһǵսװŮ͡
װŮӵĵͼӦ˵ǽΪȫ棬Ҳֹħжڻٹڵ½ΪϸħΧԴΣһںϾֻдţһЩûбʾ
ħһ˵Ĵ½Ŷ㲻ϣֻһЩ򵥵ɽգַƬ½ӦԹڣֻûϸܣҲֻǲ²ˣûóȻжѰҸΪȫĵͼ
ҪʲôֳĬ˵
ѣ²һɢк̸Σʿ
ֿ˴һۣ˵ͷ
һ֪ҲͲע⣬ֻȴΪ棬ֵ׻ʲôȡ֮
һʱн˷׷뿪߳Ժժ»ص̣һǧĵŮޣȻڵڵȺ
ֺ󣬴Ůæǰ˵ǰʦ˵ԼҴȥ
Ȼһĵ׶ʱ裬Ŀȴʼƽ˴ŮһۣŮȻǴӣΪڰˣֻ飬Ȼǳɲɡ
зʿȻóɲ֮
ڴŮ·£īһ۵֮Ůͣ£ǰžС
ҲϻֱŶ룬ʶɢһ
ֻһӥǵߣɼԺڣԱ߷һ״̺ߣֽ󣬴˹һЦȭ˵룬ǻٹϺײ裬óдѡ
һȭ°һ˦߶棬ǲ豭һۣĿƽĴܡԷΪһɨ֮ȻԪӤڡ
Ҳ⣬Եˮһڣ۾Ͷ֣ЦѸմ
΢΢һЦ˵֣
ѣ¡߷²豭º͵Ц
̬һ˴һۡ
߿ֱ飬Ȼ˵ѿ˵£
ûУֻǵһλѣһЩʧˡҡͷƽ˵
ȻʧЦȴһ⻰Ǻ⣿ѵôһŪԼ
Щ²͸Է뷨ȴǹһЦ˵Ŷлᣬµ˽ʶһ
˵꣬һĴóһö򣬿ڵѣ򣬾˵ĵͼʩչõѲ鿴һȷ̸ǡ
һ£ɢ֮⣬ţһӴĵͼȻֶչʾǰ
ͼΪϸÿһŴ𻵳̶ȶϸ֮⣬иɡĽܣڵԪӤʿա
Щص㣬صǹŴȻŶȥλΪϸµĽܣһ㣬˵ͼļֵͽȻ
ָоĶģǸҲһЩ򵥵һЩءϢ֮أҲнΪϸļ¼һͼ̶ȣԶ
˵ЩǶģôĵһģĿħܣͬսװŮӵͼǰֻ½
˵ͼϣһĿ½һ飬һСλãдһ֣
ڵͼһλãʱͼʧû֮ǰ֮λһƬ򣬲ϵطŴչǰĵͼһڸ߿һ
һӣͼȫʧջ֮ڣڴ֡
ĿƽߣѾɱ˵ĳ嶯ֻɱ˶ԷٶȻصԹ
˺󼸲̬أ˵ѣѾľѣΪ˷ֹѣʶӡ
Ŀƽ˵Ҫʲô˵
һҧ˵ֻҪɱһˣұ㣡
ʲôΪĿкâһ
ԪӤڴԲ񾳽磡߷ɿ˵
վӣƽ˵ô·
һԥ˵ã˵꣬һڿշֽ
תۼ뿪īǣڳǧﴦһأûã˱˵ϿգʶһɨЦղž;Щԣ˺֪Լһ㣬ڵŮޣȻһԼǰʱ͸о´Ρ
ڣ֮ͬ̽Ȼɫ糣ʶǿ̲Է΢һҡһȻԼ²ǰ㡣
֮£һ󷨣ĸԪӤʿ
ϧǹͷʿû˵ɱ󣡡ƽ˵
ӥ߶ʱɫһ䣬ʱֵļˡ߸Ǻɫ硣


232 
ֵĻʱһҪʱһźɫ硣һ棬һ׷֮
ûʹõļʶһϬֻ˲䣬ߵʶԪӤҪȻһڴؿڣ𵴼䣬ϸѣԪӤڣ޷ӶݣֻĿԷȡԼԪӤȥ
ʱ֣صУȻɳͷβħɱȡӤֱ̣ȫߵЩ˵˼ά
Ҫ֪Щ˶ħޣɱȡӤֱ⺧˵һĻȴǴδƺȣֲħһ㡣
ԭ׼ֵˣ𣬶˵Ѹٳ롣
ֻǲȥ֣ڼ֮£δʶȴɨһһ׷ˣնɱ
һɱˣֵļʶԪӤĴһץԪӤȥɿתһգΪо
ְ˴һһ򿪣ǰóȷ˿µĴڣ˵ҲһЩһȴֵע
ڿһ˲䣬ʱļȻ֮ŽƽУһѽʣ
һѹӵĽʣ
һɢɣ֮Ĺӽʣ
ϸĿ˼ۣĿ¶Ź֮ɫ⽣ʣǰһһֿȷǵ֮ʡ
ĽʣѾԺֻУ̲ߣǰѣȴûκκϢ˵һֿԿ϶Լǰѡ
˿϶ģ˺Ϣ֮⣬һҪԭǰǰ㽣ʣֶʹãļǵڽм䣬һ黨֮أһŹֵķš
ǰѣ˵ҲзţȴȻͬ
һĴóһͨķɽĴ뽣֮ڡ
ڽ֮λʱһӴֹɽ룬Ŀһ߶Ȼһʱɽ³֮ġ
ͻȻɫһоһǿҵɱӽڴûκԥ֣ʳ¡ֵ˲䣬ɱȻǰѷɽ̴ѣͬʱһɱӽںޱĳ
һ̣ؼȻһֽµ̵أͬһֻ޴ĥ̹һ㣬ȫɢһգһĹ֣һֱӳ⡣
ͷƤЩ飬⽣һۣɵ˿Сĵķ봢ڣ
ڵΪȻ⽣ڣȻӡһɱղǿдɽʱɱӿֳһЩһЩ;߱ڵɱȫͷţǽǺεȵһĻЩ
һȷ⽣ʣԼǰѣ
Ľʣ֮ͨ߷ɽ֮һ֮ν֮༫
Ĭֶ⽣ʣһ˿棬ĵװԲ²⣬ֽʣƺѡ
ٹһɽڣ˻ɽʿ֮ͨʩɻΪ˲ҽ֮ɽ
ڣɽڳССңÿһﶼһʿ
ЩˣǻٹһľҴߡ
ٹͬһͬѻٹɸϳڣĽҲⳡԶ硣
Ƭɽ֮£һʯսʱķԪӤʿŴ֮
սȵźԼʯڡ
˿̣ʯڵڶˮУһȻ˸âţһֻɿݵֱۣģһȫήĸʬ˳
߳ڵһʱһɫϢ˷۶ɿڣܿ죬䶯˼⡢Ƥ
ʱ䲻һȫɢɭϢˣˡ
òΪӢȴһа֮˫Ŀ¶һɲɣãȻ֮У֮Žʵ
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˵֣ʱϣ۷УУһö֮
ֹƼ޲ٶٿʮٱǧԼһ˲㷵Թ
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233 ס֣
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˴һʱڣѾƷڵȡĹŴͼ̵о
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ڵĹŴԭǸҲһػֻˣѾɱˡ
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ħھŰپʮųǣʱȷѪꡣ
һУڿŴ޸ҳ˺˺Ȼ²ʮ֮˾ţǸղŴڵЩӰȷԼжϡ
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պֻص˴󣬰ѲϷĿһܣóƷʯڵĿС
⻷գڴտ˲䣬ִһӡܵĽ֮ϣʱʮŵٴӿ֣תֲܵﾡݻһȦĻ˺ĺɫҺ塣
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ʱеͼҲѿ˵ǰдڡ


234 ٻԪ
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˰̾һϣԴҴӦòֻ࣬ĿǰΪ״̬Ȳȶ̻صĸǣΪԽԽ͡üͷ΢壬һʧԭء
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ڿϴ½ϣ鲼ڶֻЩһȣļڣϾ˴½Դ̫ƶ񤡣
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235 Ϊ
ɽڣ֮£һƬƬ¡¡ɽµ֦ҶεĴУžž֮
ҹӵҹһͷ׷ּ꣬ߣ˫ţڵǻˮҶϣɳɳ졣
ԶԶģźɽڴĿƽ֮ת뿪һεĿ꣬Ǿ˵һСɽ塣
ҹеɽ壬׵֮⣬ֻʣ»ˮĴص죬ȻʱҲһЩ˼ʣƺҪֿһ㡣ֻģȴǸӰ
ɽ壬һƬڰǰ׷꣬ɽСϣһĻĻϤвİĴᣬĿ⽥ٱ䣬¶һ꣬꣬ںϺΪڣ̺ĥ顣
İָ꣬һӼ䣬˵ڷˣȴǲ׺ɣɽĺܶᣬѾ·ޣ仯Ķࡣ
꣬֡
ܵĴᣬĿͣһ֮ϣּǵһϻʱʱ¶飬ʱˣϷ
תۼ䣬һжɢ
̾һǰȥʱͣ½ŲǰһϤķݣ岻ĲӴڵеĴᶼıˣΩȻ뵱뿪֮ʱһһ
ֽҧ´ƿԺţֻ֨һľڴ򿪣ϡ
Ժڣһ֧겼£һľܣǰһЩСľʣĬĬĿǰһУˮ¡
֮ԣƿţ˽ȥһеľ󣬶еһûκα仯
һַ̣·ָоİǰһĻĻͬһ㣬ֻξˣڣˣǲУǲûǵķ䣬ҹУ˯ˡ
ֻǣڵʶҪɢ֪淿ڣûκˡ
ݵֿƣλһһ£λϿţ
ˮӢ֮顱
λţ֮顱
λ֮£һ¯ԻһЩδȼ֧
¶һɾĵı֮ɫ㣬ȼ¯УĹڵϣݺݵĿ˼ͷТ֣ݣ´ʱټȫͷΪټͷһɱ̴֮ɢһ̣ڶʱ֮ҹ֮ࡣ
֮ĬҪת뿪ȻɫһһΣʧԭء
һֻһԶԶĴɽСϳ۳Ҷ֮ǰһµߣ̫Ѩ߸߹˫ĿȻǷ˽еֺ֡
һ˦žһƥϣʱ˻һٶȸ졣
氼͹ƽʹҲϣ߷·ճһ㣬˿ֻǿʱͺȣݣ
ܿ죬ٽһУʱץס˻һǰ̧ϸߣбһڣͣլǰ
һԾɾİѳŴ򿪣ӳڣһСѾͷӣͷ޷Ϊ
ŮһȻǱҹеĺ룬û⣬óһɡ򿪺С㣬ˡ
һĽӰӳ̽ӣվɡ֮¡Ůղ԰ףֲ̬֮
һ̶£Ѿͷæһɡһִӳóһɫ£ߵİ£Ůϡ
ͬʱСѾͷﲻ˵С㣬ô󣬺αطҪֹأҲһôСȾϷ纮ǿǺð
ǸϳߣҲ¶ͬʱ֮ɫ
СЦһǰߣһߵ˵ǲүүȥǰ˵ÿĽգ飬ϵﶼҪ˵ؼһһͳ
СѾͷȻС㣬뾩ôԶΪʲôҪÿ궼ѵʲôʲɣһЩ˵𣬺ҵһ֧ɡ
СЦֹƿԺţܷܷ֣ԺŴ򿪣˵һθҹȻ֪ˣԺлᣬں˵
ԺӺûֱͣƿ֮ڣ˽ȥСѾͷڷڰɡ˦˦ΣУ´
ߣվſڣĿ
ССѾͷҪϣȴСס˵ţԼȥ
СѾͷС죬̾𣬵ȴɵĵ˵ͷ
СȻһЦ˼󣬴Ůżϵλһóһ̵棬˹棬ļͷҪ֧ϣȴȻһ¯ǿҪ㣬ҪͻȻһ֮ŮӶͷڳ亹һҲҶָоԼǶһ£ǾҪ
ֻһͷ׷꣬Ĵ߳
Ǻ˵ĺֿ˴Ůһۣ˵
Ů¶֮ɫں²ϵزҲ˵㡭˭Ϊʲôݡ
ŴŮһӣʱ֮ɢһգůŮӸоһůٲ˫¶֮ɫֻ֣У֣ȴһ
ʱһ͵Ʒ磬洫ͬʱǸϳߣһԾֻǣӼոսһȫˤڵأ˯ȥ
Ůӻɫ䡣
һ飬Ǻ˺ֿǵڵϵһۣƽ˵ʵݵһ̣бѾɣ400˴ȻֵܱڣҸĹ۲죬ݾĵǼ䣬ȻǱ޽ɡ
ҸƷɣȻҵ˵أα֪ʣŮ¶ᶨ֮ɫҧ˵
֮ⷿˣʲôϵüͷһ壬ʵ
֮ȫҡŮӴɻ󣬰ǰǸ׶ͷɳɱ֣Ϊʳֵ⡣
һŴŮƽһ˿˵棬ʲô֣
Ůԥһ£˵ܸоǰ˹ֵֹġ
֣һ塭˵ȫ壬˵ĸ֮֮ˣ壬ʱϢֵ飬ɵü
һĻĻлص֮̾˿ŮӵĿ⣬һ˿ͬǿԼĺһ㣬˵桭곽٣ȥģ
ŮйŹ֮ɫŨ˵ʮȥ˼ʱƮһλɳУɽھ¸Ϊ幩֮һңҲǴʱھǷչ񡣡
¶һ˿ο֮ɫĬġ֮Ҳȥô
Ů¶֮ɫ˵㡭ô֪ģ֮ȥ꣬ҲҲˡ
400ʱ䣬˷ǣϢǰ̬Ȼ˺ܴĴ֮˴Ůһۣ˵ڴһ֮ĸڻ֮ʱ˴ˣ
ŮӴ֣κˣҪ֪Էղ˵Щϸ̽飬ҲҵһЩ˿Լ֮ˣȴǼ֪ԭֻ֪Сಡˡ
Ů֣˵㡭㵽˭ڴǸ׶ͷɱ뷨Ѿɶɱ֣ôܻ֪ô顣
һ٣ʱŮӶͷһԽԽأȻѨƮһӼ䣬ɢһա
ŮֻоͻȻһȣʮص缲ȻڶԷһ֮£ʧˣ뵽˴˵еһˡ
ˣŮӽҧ´
ˡǰɡЦк󣬶ھƺչľӣģҲɵһ˿ο֮С
ֳ˴Ůһۣ˵˵Ӧ棬ԼгɣҽػԱ֮˵գһĴóƿҩֵ湲ʮҩÿϵֻܷʳһ̰࣬㣬Էʳ
ҩƿݸŮӺֳƬ̣һֵڴŮüģȡһѪҺ´óһöһһ˿ӡĿ䣬˵ڣһ˿ʶԹڣ֮ˣ˿ڴĹ£һʱֻ̣ʹΣ֮ǰ򱣴УҵϵѪҺ޷ʹãΪ֮
ӸŮӺһ˦ʧԭء
ŮӴеĵҩεĸоʱڵϵߣ˫ۣãĿ˿ܣ¶⣬վӣص˵С㣬ղŷʲô飿
ʱɡСѾͷҲ˽ȥСûºŴ˿ڴһ죬˵С㣬ղ̫ˣ֪˯ˡ
һ˻ʱɫѿղŷоС㴫źţӼոһ㲻Ļ˯ȥ
û£ǲҪ˼ˣ߰ɣǻؾǡŮվӣϵĲ̬֮ɫһɨգ¶ĺ
ǵһ쳣ģ𾪵ŴŮʧС㣬㡭
ʱСѾͷҲ쳣¶֮ɫ
ŮȻһЦҲ˵ƣǻͷϸĿϵλһֵۣλͣת뿪
ıѩжһ˿²⣬ֻ²⣬ҪصǺȥ鿴ףȷţһΣһӰæ֮гʱ䣬һϸĲ鿴ס
ɽ壬ɫһɨ֮ǰºͣǱɢһǿҵɱڰգ۶ߣȻ⡣
νɢֱɱٻԪôпһɢգ𲻵׼ȫ400Ѫ롣
Ҫģ˸ɾɱٻԪ޷йеĳޣҪٻԪĿźһȫ䱯ʹ֮ղȡǣѩޡ
ʶȫһɨʱԹڣ׾ٵҵٻԪʱڵټҳǣ춯صɱ籼һ㣬˲
ھټҳ֮⣬ͣӣһĴóһ죬ڵһӣʱʧӰ
ٴһټҳܷԲһʮĶټҳǷ¶һ˿ѪĲ΢Ц˵ӽ쿪ʼټҳǣֻܽܳٻԪֵĸֻǸոտʼ
Ŀ䣬˫ƮȥڰУͺһ˫ַɿԼ㼸£һϸ˲ȫţһ·Զħһ
ֵϥأҧָ⣬ѸٵһѪкȵ֣֮꣬
ʱõħ˫ֵۣѪ׽˼º³һ΢â
â䣬ץУͬʱħӰʧ
ֹͿ˾еһСͨǱɱ֮ˣԴͨǴ֮лع飬ֻʱ䣬ֻаѡ
عĻǣûм䣬ֻбܵһЩӦڹͿ˾ͨûκôʱַ֮ˡ
ֿͨһ̣Ȼչһϵи뷨
ֶ֮꣬˵һ£˲ʶȻٴɢԹģ֮ĸӦֵʶУһһ㣬ÿһ㣬һӵټѪͳ֮ˡЩˣǵϵϵټŮ֮ӣҲһʶ֡˵ֻҪһ˿ټѪͳʶ֡
壬ɱټôףһִӸټѪͳĨɱ䣡⣬֮Ϊ壡
ЩԽԽ࣬ǵЦݣԽԽ̣400ǰʱ䣬ټҵȻﵽһʶļ£Щ˵겨̱μס
һζµ֮꣬ɢ
һĴ޶ʱֲ֣ϣ˵һɣ۶ȥʶӵټѪ겨֮ˣ߸
Ϊټҵ֮һȻﵽ˽ᵤڵΪһУΪ֮⣬һԭһԪӤʼŵӡ
ټһţеˣĿǰֱռݸλȻˣߣȻϾ˵Ϊڰˡ
ԼӵеһУ˫޵»ĵλΪ㣬˵һټҼУʲô֪ԼݣЩȡ
ټУмЩ֮أֻ֪֮Լ֮꣬ԴﵽᵤڣǾˡ
գСĴӺϻˣһۣ뵽СãСһŻȣС֮䣬иΪصܡ
ʱڣ֮ʵֹϵһֱά񣬾֪С֮ڲ˶ͷЩ岮֮ҲСЩںһ뵽СѧԺϻڵִ̲ס档
ŻȵҴɽ¥ƿţʱһɢĽĻ
һ·ۣԶԶؿ֮ϵɣڶ֮ϵ֡š
ּûκֱͣӳȥȻɽ˸ĻֿһۣһĴʱᦳУһ֮£ʮȻĻ
ûκԥģĻȻѣͬʱɽ壬¡¡һʯ̡
˲䣬ŵļԪӤʼ棬ʱӸԱչзɳһ𾪵Ŀա
ֽµޣƺӦ˵ɱХһȻ£ǼԪӤʿԽп࣬Ҫó֮ƴ֮ʱʶһɨͬһѹ֮ϡ
ټ˽˶Թ·ߣ
֮УȻһ˿ʶƺƵմԽ£ԽռǺ쾪һ㣬ЩԪӤʿ׷׿Ѫ¶δйĺȻ֮ɫ
ͬʱӴһԾ£ʶһɨĿɭĶŴ㳡ڶŵеһᣬһ塣
¶һ˿Ѫ΢Цһ٣ӶʱƮУ˫ֽŲӣҪ˵Щʲôϧ٣
һ󣬵Ǽ˫۹ͬʱһΣжദһѻ죬˻̴ɳ˻֮С
ְѴʬһ˦ʱӴڷɳһѴʬסһ޾޴Ŀš
һУĿ֮£ĸɾ䣬ûаˮɱһ֮һֻһһ֮ɫսȭͷֻȭͷӴ֮ҲûɿĻᡣ
Ϊ٣
һģ˴飬һ֮£ʱѣǱ֮СûаȻһһΣڵļԪӤʼ棬Ȼӣһߣһǰľ壬Ȼȵѣס֣л˵
ֿһۣʶȻһһ䣬Ǻ˫¶һ˿âʶ飬·ߵ˲䣬һ֮£ͬԪӤȻѳΪ飬һء
ֹߣټͬһ纮ֿд
ܼԪӤʿĵ𺮣ֹסŲǰ
뿪˳Ÿ¥۶ȥЩԪӤʿһԥһæóһöӡһһ䣬ѸԶȥʧ
⼸ԪӤʿһ㿴ңҿ㣬ҧ֮£Ȼֹ׷ϵǷȱʵΪԪӤʼ档
һľɫŮӣʱһŵŵȥ
ֻǣֵٶȣܱ⣬ո˲䣬ȻһӼ䣬ŮӶʱȥУС
¶־֮ɫǣ٣
Ů׵˻Ǻְʬһӣʱһ˦ٴξסʱ֮ϣȻʬ塣
ֽŲͣʶʣµˣںɽ֮⣬ʣٷУһȻҪ뿪塣
һƬ䣬һʱȻ֮⣬ֻһ꣬һֵķУʱͷ
ֻǣתͷ­ҲûлתأΪ٣
ᵯһָڴؿڣһ˻ǣסʬ壬һĿȥ
ļԪӤʿĵԽӺȻ׷װټңʱôһɷǣ
ɷǵΪȻͨ죬ɱԪӤʿѴ֮˲ȥٻԪ鷳￪ʼɱȻټޣټȫĴ㡣
⼸ԪӤʿĵ׷׷⣬ŲɵԻ
бɣһ˿ɷڻɢһЦ˵ˣЩһȻ׷ԲԣΪȴǲߣֻڵĴԲˡ
ʱû¶κξ뱯֮ɫһصļ۶ߣڷУóöһһ
ǣˣȻעΪ٣
ֳǰʱ˶ʱֹͣУĿ֣ɿ˵ǰټҵкγ϶¶Ȼ󡭡
һﲻû˵һ˦ӴɳһѺɫɽ˲Ӵؿڴ룬תۣȫһƬ
ջ꣬ʬһźɽȥ
ÿĻ֮ʱѺɽ¥ڵ󷨿һϢ˵ͬҲ飬ڰȫϣȴǿԴﵽ¡
ϾʵãǱ˷֣ѣ˵Ļ֮ڶ࣬ټҲв٣飬ҲֻǴ֪ȥ⴫ѣһ׽ڴϣǾͲͬˡ
һһ飬Ͳ֪ǰǽԵ塣
ڼ˺ѷεĵͺ֮ĳţҪ˺һ㣬ģʩչϻ˼ͬʱﵽļޡ
ò˵ȣģ˵ģ˵ɣ룬֮󣬲һ
˼𣬵̾ͷֲԾ͵һͷ̷ַжһˡ
ĵһҪ˵ȻĿһһ档
ģĿǰͷأһ֮̾УֻǣԶû֮ǰͬʱҲһ
ǣעҪΪöˣ٣
ɱ˶ˣȡǣ߳¥ڸ¥֮⣬żԪӤʼ棬׷׳Ĭֿһۣڿն𣬲֮ϣ޿еĩˣ߾ʬ塣
ûκͣޣѸ뿪ţԶԶأǱŵ߾ʬ壬ͷ·ȸβһ㣬¶һѪ֮С
һֱֵӰʧʣԪӤʼһڴ˴˾Ǻ䤱һټңҪˡ
ֹټңԹһΣҪˡһˣԶȻƽ̣˵
ȥٻĵӣټйһвҵжϣڼټŮӽ˫޵ĵӡϾϵţӴ֮ټҵһ飬ûκι
ɱټˣĿʼձ䣬֮£Ҫ־ᶨа㸾֮Ȼ޷ϳ֣Ҳ޷ȥϾ飬˶о
ֵһĿ꣬Ǿ˵һɣټڶ࣬һоʮˣ
ֲҪɱٻԪʹɥ˵ıʹȴ޷εĿຣ֮УҪٻԪеԼ˺ѷҪڿŰóǷѵĸо


236 նǧ
޷ȣΪԹħ˳Ա֮һİǰνİķչûӲʢԽû䡣
ԪӤ֣޷ͻƣԪһһֻء
ʹһɣʵ½ټڵǿƳͷգʹ޷ȣΪɣ֮֮꣬ࡣ
޷ȵû䣬ټٻԪҰģ⼸ڣ½޷ȥˣ޷ȿٻԪ⣬ټΪͨ죬ֻܽһ
Ҫ֪ٻԪ޷ȿ䳤ϣһɵҲ˵ЩʲôϾ޷ȵԼ֮¡
ĿǰΪֹ޷ڣټ˹оʮо󲿷ֶѾһλˣȻӸλԺ֮ˣٸߣȻΪһ֮ѡ
޷ȳٻԪ⣬λԪӤʼ棬ԴĸΣٻԪİ裬ֻװӣչǱޣ֮ͻԪӤڣﵽڣһԪҲӦһЩ
ټټÿ궼һЩݣһԪӤʼ棬Ӳټ޷ȵΪңܣҲûʵٻԪԳ֡
˵޷ȣΪټ˽ɡ
ڳʼʱһЩ˷ԣ޷ҲвٷԵԴжֻǣĥ뽻ڣΪֹ޷ڣûκβгۣڵĵӣҲͬټ޷ȵ顣
Ͼʱ䣬ԸıһУ޷ȵľ󲿷ֵӣĽ꣬յһ
ֲ֮ϣʶȻ޷ȣٶȷɿ죬һ߾Ȼǿ紵ʬ塣
ɱ֮޷ɽ֮⡣
޷˵ȣʵȴɽȣڵɽԹΪɽɽͷ·һ޴ƣӵһ㣬γ˴ɽ״
޷ȣڴɽ֮ϣڷΪ壬м֮⣬ķֱڡ
ڶǰ޷ʢ֮ʱɽȫڷ֮£ʿǶǧνһ
ֻڣɽû䣬˵ˣµӣҲǧˣ棬󲿷ֻδֻһߡ
ֲޣɽ֮ʱȻ˷ֻһɫĻ˲ڴɽ֮ϣ⣬ͬʱһɱ֮ɽֶֻӣֱվ嶥ˣһӡͷֱࡢ졢ϡơѷɽ
ɽӿڣһϵת֮ע뵽ɽ֮УɢԽǿҵĽ
¶һ˿ЦˣټˣȻ˵֮ȻõϢؾټҵߣͳ¡
²ɱ⣬Ҳû⣬ĻߵΪȫûӳǰɱ
ҪģЧԹ֪Ҫټȫ壬𣬲һ飬Ǻң춯ءڵ֣ʸ
ټˣһĵҲǸոսӵٸߴɽǿϮʱȻ˲ûκи֮Уַĵŭ
Ϊǿǰ׷֮ŵ߾ʬ塣
ûκͣ٣ǻɽ˲䣬һĴʱһѹӽУ¶֮ɫ
Ȼ޷ԽӭУôǼʶһ£ʲôŽ
һóһѷɽڣһĵͼڶ࣬ϾİĻۣһСĿ
ѷɽѸٲ뽣ڣ³֮ģȻ䣬ӿǿ
ʱ֮ϵˣԵͺһͷɽɫȻ֣һ̣ƺضΪ֮ɫ䣬յƲʷ׷ɢųȥŭ
ŽʣܸоڵĽɱȻﵽޣգۼ䣬ɿŷɽƣͻȻһɱ֮ҪӴϢӽںȻ
ʱһɴִĽŨɱ֮ͬһϹ㣬˳ټʩչͬӤ׳֮Ĳһ㣬ûκ㱻ڵĽȻ飬ɡ
нһ˦䣬ִĽϹŵɽ¶ɭڣȥ
Ȼһ䣬ֻ޷ȵĻɽ飬ͬʱŵɽУ̮
ǿƴټˣȻܲסӴ˲Աֻһ£ǵͷõıסƮ
ͬʱһ£ɱ޷ȣʶе֮ˣһһɱȥ
ټ˽𣬷ߣɱһ޷ȣɽںƺƵĴݿһ̣˻ߣĵŨĺ⡣
ֻٸʿɽڸλãͻȻһŽ⣬ٶȣ˷۶ȥֻʶӡ
Щˣ⣬ټˡ
Խӱ䣬˫һƣһɢʱԲǧ֮ڣͬһֻ۵Ĵһ㣬ˣ޷ӳ
һʿֻʼ䲻ҷٶӣֻδӳԶ㱻һֻδ֣ϣʱһȫ飬¶ǿҵĲʣֻǣΪ٣
һһŮʿǾټˣ˴˿ֻ̲һѺɫķɽ˲ؿڴ룬ǵ壬ͨڡǱգʬ屻ס
ûκÿɱһˣб᲻Ļصĸ׵ף൫ȴĿ⣬һеһУΪٻԪȻһȥ
걻ٻԪƵԱЩİ룬ڼεεΣεĴ޵źԼһټȫľġ
׷ָûаϵŻټҳԭûǳκ¶ˣΪһöԶ׷ɱ
Żʧ٣δ֪֣Ǳֹ׷ͬʲôһ㡣
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237 ֣
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ߣٻԪȿȫľٶȻô죬ָͲΪûг
ɱһΣٻԪɱһΣһгԹʵȻĨ壬ģΪԼΪ˸ĸ
׼뿪֮ʱͻȻӹ㳡ϴһỽ֣ᣬ˲ȷ


238 
ͣ½Ų˳ȥֻԶڣһΪˣ֣Ŀ¶׷֮ɫ
УϡЩϤһ̤ǰֶӣ˵ղ˵ʲô
ԥһ£ɬһЦĵ˵ǰϴˣǰҪ֡
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һ˴˭ĬƬ̣һ˦ʱŴʧںϻڡ
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˿˿ߣ¶֮ɫ˵
㡭
ʦ֣ȻϳңΪװʶأ̾һ˵
һĬƬ̺󣬿Цҡ
ֽΣֿǰˣһĻĻӳļ䣬֮Ϊһ䡣
Ѿܶûлȥˡ˵˵
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˿ɬһЦ˵㵱ߺһȥ飬ʦǱĿҵϣѼĴۣҰΪᵤں뿪˺ɣһȡгһսӤ¹Һɣû뵽һŮӣŮǺϻڵӣҡһΪ֮Ǽھ飬δɱңƺϻ˵ҩû֮ǰǷһԪȴϾˣͳΪһư׹ǡ
ֳĬһĴóһСƿݸˣ˵ҩһ·ʳһ߸ºΪԻָһ룬ʦ֣»Ҫ£һϣټ֮ڡ
˵꣬ĿһۣתһʧԭأʱȻڰղ֮ϣʬ壬Զȥ
һĽʧӰ¶һ˿꣬ղʵгԷʱȻ˳ֻǣֵı仯̫Ϊǲ˼飬Ȼȷ֣ȴЩϡ
аƿ˿ӣǵĽԶ
ַм䣬ʶɢʱԹڵټѪȻ֪ͨɱ¾֮£ȫ֮ǰ뷨ЩˣȫǨơ
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¶֮ɫİǨưɣȫۼټҳ֮ʱȥٻԪ֮ա
ΧǨƣһֱڳֵֻʶ̽У߸㣬ʼգһ
⼸յɱ¾Ȼַ֪ͨټңоλˡ
˵ΪٻԪ֪Ǿˣ˵ٻԪֽδټҽӰˡ
ΪŸٻԪԼĴۣԹٳ˾ŸѨˣڱչء
һӦҩĹӦȫټȥ˾˵ֻһǾ
ÿһʱ䣬ٻԪžǰܱ߹ҵһЩյأʵսĥ˵ˣΪս飬ﵽһĶ塣
ˣȫټҵԴӲƼ
֮⣬Ҳһ䣬ÿʮ꣬еټˣӵһսǵĻᣬһսɹô̻ú˵ʸ񣬴ԷѨټҵ
һŸˣһ֮⣬ˣٻϡ
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¶һ˿΢Цǰһͣ۶ȥ׷ᡣ
پһܳǧΣУȴʼղϣΣУЩľ
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پŶͷ̴ӴóһһȴûһԴЩɫ֮ڳ׷׶˲䣬ӡϵʶ飬Ӱ¡
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پһ˫۶ʱŭ𣬳һɫײ˲䣬̲ҽһδֻή
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ֳĬֵ׿üģģһ΢ʱɢĻ𣬴׿ͷƮץС
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Ϊϸ˿׼ԿͨǸϼʹ׼


244 ٣һ
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ΪֳŵҪټͷ


245 ٣
ַеٶȣǺܿ죬ԶټҳǣĳɱпİǰٻԪƵԱЩ
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249 
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ֳӹٵһЩֱ֦һС򣬱²ҶľӽСڡ
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ͬʱһǿӺһֻ࣬һƥɫĿӣ˹ȥ
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ĻҶӵҩĵģҶҩģôٵԵҶӣһץһѡ
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ֻĺɫȴɢһЩָоЩɫɢôԼպȻڣУٴοʼۡ


251 
ʱۺ֮ȥҹһЩóʱ֮⣬ֻһЩ˯еĺӷĺ˯
ģʱԵһֳâɢҹɫ
˫ۣŶʱ޷ɫǿ֮룬һȦִӿ³
ܶʼԸоԼȫƮƮ֮У·̤գҡҡֱһ㡣
ָо֮ǰİ꣬йȻֻ̬ﵽһƽͣᵽ֮Ϣ
һҹʱ䣬ĺʮ֮һֲż֪ȻǶʱɵ飬Ҫһ˵΢ʱ䡣
峿еˣһһѣϴһʱǸʼϵУҲǸߣ˿һյػֽţģŸָĶ
ֿһۣΪȣʩչЩ˵ûʲôÿһǿã֮Чѡ
ȭ³һڳһԥ
ڽǰЦС磬ҹϢĿɺã
һͷû˵
ԥʵС磬ǰҶ֪ǴӺδѰ˵꣬¶֪֮ɫ
·߼ġ˵
߶ʱһͣ˰죬ЦС硭
˼䣬òʼ޷ֿеõҪѶ߰̾һת뿪
ıȽϣֵͣߵڶ࣬ߵЩòڸոճ˻ã˵ȴǰþޡ
ųӣֽİ̬УһζЩڣǸСѾߣʱ˵ÿ˵˵ţͻСĿ¶֮⣬Ҳ֪Щʲô
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νСҰУִʱⷱķ˾ڣĸֻأΪͻԪӤ뻯ȫ׼


252 
µ̣֣ǽΪƫƧϸѰңѿֲ⣬һҹĴĺٴ
峿֮ʱִ򿪵֮ţͬһ˰㣬ѵһƬ̣һڵʧ
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ģڿ̻УϡҵѾȥİ飬ƺһĿ̻Уٴλصͯ꣬صǳþסСɽ塣
һ̣ڵȻת˳еĿ̵뵽ľ֮УԽԽ
ʱ䣬ɿţһֱҹĻٴν٣ֺȻѹľΣʱľΣȻһľḷ̌һ¶Ͱ΢Цӡ
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ֵ˵ͷҲû˵󷿣һȫǽ֮һӣصڣڴţ׵ǰ
ţ׿Ӻ󣬶ʱһæ˵òôֵ࣬ܣûȥֻʮӾ͹ˡӣ˵Ҳʮˣ裬̫ࡣ
ƺЦ磬ǮǽģҵǮӽÿһӾƲʮľǮҲֵˡ
ţԥһ£¶֮ɫ˵ֵܣ⡭
ţ۾һ˵Űɣһľ񣬾ֵʮˡ
ţٴε˴ţһۣƺݺݵĺһڣͷ˵ֵܣʲôʮģֻҪסһ죬Ҿÿһ
ЦǰӶˣĽٺ䣬һ˿ů⡣
һҹţĸ׺˺ܶ࣬Ȼţһźţһֱʮ󣬲Źȡ
ţ׺ȵȥȴһֱŽӣţŻȥˡ
ǰţ˵壬ҼƣɶˣҵҸ߱ˣʵϣҼҵؽкü̳ģ˵ص»˲٣ҪҵҲǮġ


257 㣡
˴ţӣڻ¯ԣĺȻипʮӣڷ˵һǮɶʿ˵ȴȥһۡ
ڵڣһľΣ̵ֿӶ
ʱҴңȥţҵĵ̣һ࣬Ȼţĸ룬ǰ˺ܶ࣬һˣţϾʱﶼҪ״
ֻйص֮󣬴ţʱƣ͵ӣһӾƣľ
ţӣ⼸ԭԽӵ׳ʵʮСӣǴģҲֻǴű˿ú䡣
ֻĸĸϵƣ
ֵòҲǰ˱仯Ȼ꣬ǲ꣬Ͻһơ
ԷΪ֮Ͼһòûж仯ôЩӵ˵һ˼顣
˵Ĵˣÿ£ҪһΣϴĽ֮Լƣ£֮ⲻԶʱУЩӵТ
ӣûаȤ֮ھĿֻһǾᷲ˵ĸоӶʹԼΪõͻơ
˼ȨݣʵĲȥ
һֵԵļҶһ䣬ͳԶΪ޸֮Ҷ
ֵϣ洦ɼҶִӵ߳ϴźͷϴһƤñʱԹ֮߳˿֣Ȼ޷ϳ˾ǵ߳ơɱѪȵɷ֡
һЩɱʿҲ޷ϳ
ʱ뷲ûκⲻƣƣûʲô֮ͬ
ĻȻ׵ĳΪ˷ˣڵԲϣȻȻͦΣæµһ귲ˣûκ
ֻһ㣬뷲вͬǾ۾ڰ׷ûκɫһ˿âʹˣйɲĸо
꣬ûдһΣûһΣĺҲǰ㱻֪ɣѪɫӣ˴ڡ
˵̣һ󣬴＾ĺ⣬ְڽ˽ϵţ̵Զȥ
ʱ߳һΪ׳ʵСӣһͰϵľ̿˵̺֣̿һЦ˵壬ȥϷ
תЦţú
СӦһľ̿һԺ󣬴Ҵ߽̣ûãһƺ˹¶֮⣬˵壬ͣưٺȵ㣬ȿůůӾˡ
ֺЦͷӹƺĴţļת뿪
ţֵıӰйɿɬ֮ζ꣬Ǹܵ壬Ѿ˺ܶ࣬һֱڻǵãǰ壬ǳӢԼ·һ۾
һֵľгΡ
һֱǵã˵׬˴ǮȥȢϱתۼȥţʼûпֵϱԴˣûٹѯʡ
ţ̾˿תصڣҲЩˣ̵Ҫڶڸɻǹϵ̺ҲкܶҪʱɵľȥľϰߣȻ޷
ֻÿ죬һЩʱ䣬ȥ¶ˡ
＾ڣ͸⣬һ·̵ߣ˽ֿڵһջڣһȥջڵĵСһϴëΪСӣЦӴƹˣ
ֽ˷䣬ժƤñЦҿûӴͣҲûá
СٺһЦ˵˵ģƹĶԸˣ׵һλԶš˵ţ߼׿λãëһɨ˺
ڳϣʱ䲻СϼСˣһС̿ŷˮְоƺСУʼůơ
ʱһ£־½˽ջջԽԽ࣬˴Լʱ˵ϷӣӺ߳⼸һ֣ʱջڽкΪ֡
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ŮĿΣˮ趯㿪ʼ
ŮΪĿջڵľƿͣкóޣһʱ֮䣬մﵽ˸߳
ЦеĿŮ˵ŹӾƣӣѾһࡣ
ʱ䲻һֵˣź񲼰ӣӺݴҴ߳첽ߣºСæĶһơ
̵ӣһںȾһۣε˵ƹ
ƺһںЦƹ񣬽ҿɲӵģľǡ
˿Цⲻð˲٣Ϸͻһӣ
ЦЦҲ˵ǰĿϷʲôֵڻ֪ǰҵ֣Ŵ˼̵Ѻధ˶ʮӣһֱǮûлϡ̣ȻΪС
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һ̣߽һŻɫ۵ͷͷͷģһһ飬ؿ½ϣӡżĽӡ
һ̴кãСüͷһ壬ȳĽлӣ߿ûǮ˵ţǰҪȥ
ͷ۾һɣ˵Ҫһ£Ҿ͵ⲻˣӽϷģ
ڿͷ˲䣬˫ĿûйľâȻһͷǱˣǰƭһٷ֮ˡ
ֶĿջƹǸӣüͷһ壬վӣ첽ſڣһڴ˰죬óһͭǮӸͷ˵Ǯˣ߰ɣǻ
ͷͭǮҧһ£ճһͭ⣬ǵСЦģȽӲôƹʵ࣬ߺߡ˵ţͭǮһӣ˵СУ˵һˮ
Ŀһɨϣ˹ȥϳ֣Ǵʱջڣֵֻӣһˡ
ǵСһ£˿ͭǮֿ˿ƹģлˣͭǮҪҧһ£õǮˮȵģ⻹ͷһ
ϳ鶯һ£һߣӣҪȥͷӳȥʱһ̧֣˵ˡ
һ٣ԥһ£ֹ˼䣬תݡ
ͷٺһЦ֣˵㡭˵һ֣Ȼһ㶣ֱĶ֣ϸһ¶Ź֮ɫ˵㣡


258 
΢΢һЦ˵ǰδɡ
ͷϹŹ֮ɫŨֿã̾˿оȻ¶һ˿ͣ˵ȻĻˣ
ִСƺһº˵ֻڷ֮ѣǰϷ˼ڡ
ͷĺһƺΪԼһ˵Ϸƽʿߣǵһ
Ҳ˵ľûκֻ΢΢һЦϷ˵
ͷֱĿ֣֮֮ɫŨ˵ƤƣƣСӣ⾳ô֮ڣҿԱ֤ܻ񣡡
תͷ˿ھƣ˵Ϊ⾳
ͷҪ˵Ȼ۾һתЦ㿴ˣһʲôҲ벻
ĿͷһۣЦǰϷǣ˵ţžƺ뿪˿ջ
ͷһ漴˫ð⣬˼
žƺ̵ڽֵϣŽµҶص˵̣򿪵ź˽ȥ
ǰŸһͷ㴫˹ԭﻯ
ͷ֪ʱ˽ܴһ˫۽¶֮ɫ
ֶͷĳ֣û¶κ⣬һԣžƣŶԷ
롢ޡӹġצޡء꣬СӲħľ󲿷ޣȻˡԽо֮ɫԽŨĿȻһɨ˵ڽһľϣһ٣ľ֮еľ񣬶ʱһһɳ
Щľ񣬶ǰƷ
ͷڿЩƷ˲䣬ȻĿϸһһȥ֣˵Сˣû뵽Ȼ˾ЩʿԼޣ֮ɱȻ̵ܵơ
΢΢һЦҲ˵ֻǰĺžƣ·Է˵һУûаϵһ㡣
ͷе£֣˵ʲô֣
ֵ֣˵
ͷ˵ͷһӣʱȻȫ䣬һϼһ˲˵ûɢκϣȴַ󺣰ɲ⡣
ǣ֮£Ŀʱ˸âڵһ̣Ϊֿ͸ֻâ΢΢һ󣬱ƽֺһھƣ˵ǰéݣʵھڣϻհɡ
ͷһ˵Сӣһ£⾳
˵ţȫϢȻһʱһŰ֮У̣ȴΪû𺦵̵һשһߣûа¶ȥ
һ̣⣬·Ǳһжϵһ㡣
Ű񱩵Ϣܣֵ壬ıǿֿ֮ʱһ̱Ű񱩵ϢȻ˲䣬㱻ͬ÷
֮£˫Ŀ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫڵȻտƣһָоԼԪӤҲһ̣ıԷ񱩵Ϣͬ·һ˲䣬ԼİٶһУһ̣˶ԷԼķ
Ϸ֮ϷԴ⾳⾳֮£е⾳ͬϷơͷ͸һ˿񣬿һۺ⾳ʱɢ·ûгֹһ㡣
̶̵ļϢʱ䣬Ȼһ亹Щ£ƺݺݵĺһڣ֮Žƽ
ΪǰĻʿû⾳ĸоֳĬƬ̣˵
ͷһͷε˵ˣҸղ˵ѾΪҲӤ߶⾳һˡʵϻʿǲʩչ⾳ģֻڷ֮ͨУһЩˣٺ٣˼
ֿЦĿͷһۣ⾳⾳
ͷ۾һת¶һü۵ӣ˵ûܸ˵⾳ͨ⾳ʹͻԪӤﵽÿһʿҪͻԪӤʱҪĹ̡СӣҪҪһ±˵⾳Ǵкô
ĿһҪ֪ڵ⾳˵߱һΣԣôȴǼ
ߣûͬ⣬ǻ˵Ҫʲôۣ
ͷ۾һУһظ˵ۣûκδۣϷұ㣬ļǺ߶Уû£
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ģͷεͷ˵ҿЩ񲻴
ãȫ㣡ֹϵ˵
ͷ۾һŭһظ˵ҪЩͽ׷ʲôЩƷЩͷҲҪ֮áҾֱ˵ˣ㿴ôӢӢ䣬ӢˣѵͲĶͲΪһǳʺҵľѡô
ͷ˵ʱлЩ죬˵ȴǼظĵžžֱ졣
һ£ͷ˵ԣΪҪȻ֮󣬲ܰľһЩ
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ͷ̵ģԼԺȥ¥Ů֮ʱԼĵһЩŮǶȻԼһӡ
뵽ЩŮﱧסԼľ¶˿˿̬һĻĻͷʱ˷ԽԽ˳ۣһץʱץһʧڵ֮ڡ
ʱȻ˾ʮ֮ƲС
ʶһɨʱĺȻԹƣһ˲ƣʮΪȻţëȻ֮С
Ҫ֪ԪӤڣΪ˲ƣҲֻǧˣ˵ֲ֪Ϊﵽ˲ƿԶԶȻԲʮ
ַӤʿҲ赭д˲ƳʮҪģͷδԣǴԼһ˲ƣһĶͷɵ
ͷʱ˲ʮ˵ҲǲСĸֻһ֮ɫ̵̧°ͣװһпӣ˵ʹˣӹҲ˲٣˲һΣʮͷ˵ô˵һڷˣҲܿŨĵ֮ɫ
ֳĬ
֮ͷŴϵ֮ɫʧŭСӣǰǼ˲ôԶô
ûСʵ˵
㿴˼ôƨҲţͷ۾һɣĵԼô󾢣ȥ¥̵ˣСӾȻһ㷴ӦûС
ֹŹֵĿͷһۣ˵ǰΪʵƽ
ͷһл˲Ƹʶʶ˵꣬һָԶգֵǾǰڣ߰ɣϷȥ


259 ⾳
ֳһ£˿ͷ˵ǰǾôȥ
ͷһ̶ñӸһ˵ͷϣΪ߳λ޷ӣҶĴ˵ûң
ֽӹñʶһɨһñƽʵȴǬʶһɨ䣬㷢̺󷨣Щ󷨵ľ̶ȣδ֮ЩϹŽƣҲ˿
⻹ǱԵ֮λ󷨣λãֵʶ޷ʱڿ̽룬ĵһ⣬ñ˵ʲôҲȥˣ˶ľǡ
ͷѲñϣʱ˱һɽ⻷գʶһɨ̸оʹǽͬһ̣ʹʶ̽롣
ĶڰñΪеͷˣ˵Ѳñͷϡ
ͷһۣһΪŹֵӡһ㣬ָԶգʱ֮Ȼһ޴ӰӰһ֣ܵһֿŰ״̬ӿ롣
գۼ䣬ӰѸʵγһֳִ󽣵Ľ׾ˣĿͬһ㣬͸Űۣ֮Ŀͷָ֮λ
ӣңͷĴһ
ǽ׾ˣ˵дһӣʱһ۵Ľâ̫ͬһ㣬ȻգʱԶ֮гһƬ˸ˮ֮ƣܿ죬ԽԽһһ޴Ƭɢ
ţǽ׾һʧ
ͷֹ̲˼䣬Լͷǽ׾˺ó
ɢ˲䣬һ֮ʱ֮ɢܳɻγȥ֮У˻Եɫһ䣬Ҫ֮ʱͷһӣʱһĻǰΪ赲סƳ
ڿߣӭվڻβɢ֮¶Ϊܵӡ
Żβɢ֮꣬Ȼһ䣬ֻһ¥ͬɾһƮڰ֮ϣ߲ϼ⣬Щ¥֮ɢ
һĻ֮ڳ¡Щ¥֮㣬һۿ߼ʣͬʱһŭȣЩ¥֮дţ˼ʮǿϢ̳
ʶһɨЩϢ֮УԪӤʿȻռʮʣˣȻȫǻڣ
˿ļȻļݣһɣǴСɵʵԶɱȣŵ˵ֻҪļһɣɺɨκ
Щʿ̳ΰΧͷ֣һɫ¶֮⣬Ǽȫɢʶɨ
ֻ˲䣬Щһ룬¶ݡ
ĸоЩ˵ʶɨɲǣӲñ֮ȻĽâЩʶһâͬѩһ㣬Ѹڡ
ͷӡʱͷϵĲñɢâͬʱһֻӰһӣʱлϵʶȫȻɨ
ʱһЩʿƺ˼һΣɫΪѿ
ʱЩʿ֮Уɳһīɫ۵ʿɫʼղ԰ѪûκξâЩƣǺڰ׷͸󲻷֮ɫ
߳һȭ˵λԵ޹Ұڴ󣬽ǲ˵ô°ɣ
ͷһһӣȻһΣڰУбȥһָ֣˵ҲܣֻǴ֣ģȥɡ
ʿ¶һ˿΢ɲļɵ֮ɫֻɵ֮ˣ֣ߡ
ʱ˵ĿͶ֣λѣҰڿ㣿
ֳĬ˵һĴʱڷɳһͨķɽ΢һʶȻӡϣһžУɽڻҺһγһȭͷС
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˲ȥƿ֮·Իһ㡣
ʿԭһֱ֮󣬺ȻһЦԲ˵ţҲóָֻһ㣬ʱһɫָ֮Ȼ۶
һ֣̻һųȻһ٣˫ַһȵ䣡
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ʱʣµˣϣһоһӴĳȻ壬ֻΪͣʵڣ·һ΢㣬ûκιԣûиκβʡ
΢֮Уȴ̺һ˿΢ɲľ֮Уָоգۼ䣬޵ıŴɢԪӤҲŹ
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ʱóᦣôϹŽƵĲػ£ôĸоϾ뻯ʿ֮ʱǱ֮
˿̣Ϊ⾳ûóκηһ˵޴ĸܵ˻ʿ֮е⾳
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ͷһɢʿɫΪѿͷ˵ǰˣΪͻԪӤﵽ⾳ɡ
ͷٺһЦһʿһˣ˵㣬ֵˡ


260 
ͷָ֮ˣһĿл谵ͷɳƵ˵ǰΪȻͨ죬Ұָ֮ɣ
ͷֹ˼䣬ΪͷĴӻóһĴ淭˰죬óһľӣȻһЩҶ˳һӣץ
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ʿùƣϴһʱ˸߲֮⣬þòɢʿ̿ЦĶͷ˵ǰȻƣԵУǰȷԴƻȡҰڻʿӸ⾳
ͷɨһۣ˿۱ӣʿһ̴̵˵ϻɣ㣬˵ţָָ
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ͬʱǷɫ֮ǰ֮ʱͻȻһ»һŷɫְڡ
ӵ⾳ɣ
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һһ٣ջطɫ
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ͷüͷһһӣ˵ƨһԣǰڵİϵҲܿ£˵꣬ü۵͵͵˰һۡ
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⾳ɫ䣬⾳ǿԪ֮ϣôԿֲ
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۾һ˵ͻôһ䣿
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˵ţתҪ뿪
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ͷͷһۣһЦ˵⣬ʲôǣ˵ţӴóһƸָƣ˵ŵģڵģļħģ弶
ִĿһһƲ䷳ĽܣͷüĿ֮е֮ɫԽԽŨһĻͷ·֮İһ㡣
һóһհ׵ƣ˵ЩҪĸɵƣҶٺ٣Щ꣬Щ֪˶ٸˣȥҵĿڱǿû˵ҪҪһڵΣ
ֳĬͷһۣת뿪
ͷںߺ˰죬ֹ˼䣬һһ˵ЩӵĴߣ㲻ʶһأ
һ·ֱУص˵ڣϥڻ¯ԣһƬžĻУ֮ǰʿͬ⾳ģȫڣš
ʿľ֮İ֮ߵ֮һһлصģԼһ˿⾳ȻǸԸݲͬڸ֮ȻȻá
ôԼ⾳Ӧʲôءֱ˫ۣһ̣ȻЩͬˣ֮˫ۣһľΣֻӵ̻
ľм䣬еĿ̵ˮһûаͣ٣ģһӰľ֮ϳ֡
ֵ˫ۣ¶һ˿רע֮ɫһ̣ܵһж޷Ӱֵ룬ȫʿľ֮
ľм࣬еĿ̵ԽԽ죬ռһӰ֮Ȼ䣬һ٣п̵žһм۶ϣϳĵ⣬һ⣬תŴһԵľ֮ϣ֮
һУûκע⣬ĿתľľȻΣʿϣһɾϢֻϢδ¶ȫڡ
ֻı˫ۣãʿľķ˵ϡ
ǲһЩ


261 ĺ
ֲ࣬Ǿ⾳ϣֻܰԼĸģ£˵Ҳ̶ɣ֮ʿľ⾳вġ
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ʮֵòȻò޷֮УһЩ׷ֱˣҲձ˿ȻҪĺꡣ
ĵڣľԽԽ٣ʮʱ䣬ֵľֻһƷǾǵ
ʵľھǰѾ꣬˵ʿľһŲ࣬޷ﵽ֪ΪԼûдﵽΪ¡
֮ľ꣬ûľԭߣ
ΣҲ޷ľ֮ϣ̳⾳ĺۼ꣬꣬ʼûгɹ
˵ߵľȻûһ̺⾳գΪɻҡ
һգֿеľ̾һһĨʱľɢɻҡĬվӣĴ˵֮š
͵ϣһľΣſڣĿܵ·ˡӣʱ
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ֺǺһЦ˵ãͺһڣ첻ˣţôˣ
ţ¶֮ɫ˵ëû¡
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ЦЦŽֿȥǵıӰĺɫ
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סʮϽϣֻһ̵ƹ񣬲֪ӺδϢ׷״ӵ߳һֽܵǰ
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Ͼֶ֮У˻֣ȫԽԽá
ֶһ󣬱Ͳ̫⣬Ҳ˳Ȼ⵱˸һ֡
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Щƹķ׷˿ڴ˿
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˵ţȻӽ⣬߽һɫ۵ʿһ֮ɫһ֮λ
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п˵ֻһˣ֮ʱȻѰˣȻϵǳȫɱˡ
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üͷһ壬ʿѰ鷳룬˵ʮмѣҲΪЩ֡
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ʱǳεͷ·𿴵ʲôɲһ㣬һȥ̣Ǽæˡ
ֻǣһһӼ䣬ħͷȻΣЦһڱͷ£죬ݺݵĵһСʿɢ
Сʿɫ쳣ĺͷ̵ɲǣȻһѪ󣬶˵̶ֻӡ
ĶŴ˵ıӰûɱ֣ڵĻȻβ׶ΣʵڲԸΪС£˶ľ


262 
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ֵϵˣȻ˺ܶ࣬Ҫԭ򣬹εѪε
εϼңڰǰѾֵʱҲûмϳεݡ
̾˿̵֣Աһӻӣ֮ӻӵƹǰ
ָָԶ赹Σ˵ƹģ鷳ƣ̧ȥ
ӻ̵ƹԥһ£¿˿ûעǰ˵ƹǻ֪ҿǱٰɣȻǻһ鷳
ЦЦƹļҡͷ˵û£˸ȥɡ
˵ţת֣߿
ƹֵıӰ̾˿˰ƹǸˣֹ̻꣬ͷССүˣ̧ƹȥ
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˵ǸСʿһ·۶ߣҲںףӳɽһ磬ųǶ۶ȥ
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ڼϥʿȻ˫ۣһ˿СʿǱ֮ݺվӣǰȵʦܣһˣѵˣ
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Сʿ˺ͨһڵϣ˵ʦұ˱ɲʦΪұ𣡡
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Сʿæͷ˵ʦԴˣҿʼΪǸء
ʿĿ¶֮⣬Ͽϲŭ˵һˣǰ·ʩˣȥС
Сʿһϲæһ·Ŵʿ뿪˵ۣڹڵʿҪ棬ۿʦûٻ໥˿һ̾һ˵ʦСʦܣʵ̫谮ˡ
ֲǵһˣ飬ʲʦǣСʦܵԴǣвʵ֮ôҵȻǲҪˡԱһʿЦһ˵
Сʦӣ´鷳һˣֹһ󣬱Ĭ
ʦڣСʦܼ´鷳Ҳ£ǻҵȣǾͲ˵ˡ˵֮ˣΪп˵
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ҵ˵Щкãʦ˵ĵλ˵ǽᵤˣԪӤڣ³Ҳһ
˽̸㲻£Ǽϥ
Сʿߣﷺ֮ɫ֪ʦԼãΪʦĹŵӵԭɡ
С󣬷κ鷳ֻʦһ˵̴ȥѶԷôûһʦܾ
ЦʦȻ֮أ֪Լ³
뵽͵ԵʦӱϣϲŭСʿİ֣ʦ˽⣬Խޱ飬˵ʦԽǷŭ
ļ֮Уÿʦȥ֮ˣ϶ֱ飬ǵʲôĳңֻҪһʦŵɫѪɫǹģߣмͼգ˵³һ
Сʿĵ⣬ͷ·ǳһæ߼˿ɱˣÿЩȥ
߼䣬ʿһ٣Сʿ߳æͷֻʿĿ⣬һһС˵̯ϡ
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̯λ̷ʿĵһۣ㲻֪ΪΣøУЦһͭӾС
ʿЦͷóһͭӣ̯λϺһɫϸһһȥѡһ
СʿһһοʦȻˣĵЩЦãôҲû뵽ʿȻС˵ݸ
СʱΪʦһۿʱһȺҰһˣѾ˰ɡʿ¶л֮ɫ
Сʿһӹˣͯ꣬ʦԼѾˣ뵽Ժ죬ûǣʦҴҽҷͨ
ʿСʿͷ˵߰ɣȥˡ
СʿеˣʱһĻĻӳͷصİ˷ڴ׼һӣΪʦġ


263 
ʱɫʿСʿڽֵʱȻֵԣȴŵƻ֮⡣
Σл㱵۾һº̿ܣæӣ֣ʱڵأ¶֮ɫ˵
ɫ糣ûһۣƽ˵һȴʮ̷߰ɡ
ԥһ£صĿ˼ͷ£ģ˵꣬վӣƿ֮ţҪ
ʱüͷһ壬˵ΣŲùأ
һæ˻أãȻĿ֡
վһߣпãֺ˿֮ƣƽ˵
ɫ΢䣬æվԣŵ̴ţĿ
ûãֻһ΢ĽŲ洫ţһʿӵ߽󣬸Ű챻ַŹСʿ
жʱ¶֮ɫһ۱ϳǴʿǱƵӵ²߳ʹ벽֮ˣˣ˿ֺӲֹסʶҪ˺ĽŲĬ
СʿһӣЦȵʦѵӴˣСʿһָ֣ͷʱȴǲķ֣ʦȻˣǰĿܵľ֮ϡ
ʼû˵ֻеĺžƣĿڶɨһۺ󣬱˻
ǴʿΪϸһľϿȥȻĿһľ֮ϣľǰڵʿ
ʿã΢΢һЦ·ûаԼһ㣬һ˦䣬ֶ档
ѣҲһΣʿº͵ĴӴóһӡ
ֿ˴һۣоƺǰһףǴʿץס󣬵һһںºĿ¶֮⣬̾ζ
Ц˵Ȼϲʣµİǣ
ʿһЦҲֵܾһºƷã̾ѵľ磬¸߳һߣԷ˽绯
һֶһƺһڣ˵Եӻʦุ֮ͬЧαĽˡ
ʿĿ⣬֣ͷ˵¹ȻûпСͽһԣȻ²⣬⾩֮УͬȾ磬׼֮ˡ
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֣ƺһڣ˵
ѣ֮ڣ㶨ȻԻĳйأʿ̩΢Ц
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СʿҪۣʦ˺Ϊ磬ɵѹŭһʵڲʶ̧٣δʦ˺˵˲飬ڳԣ
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ǴʿԽ̺˵ɫºͣʼնǰģÿһʡÿһ޲
ʼ׼ֵȽ֮ģǳɹôִ˺򲻻ᱻΪҪҪ⻯Ǹ̬ƽͣһ˱Ƚ֮ģôִϣȻ޷ɹ
հϣҲ֪Ƕ֮£ɴ˿ɼʿջġ
˵ֵƣȻʣǼԹ֮˵°֮ڣһ֮
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֮ڣʱĶȹһ޷ô޻ᣬٴδ󳹴򣬰䡣
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ʿ̩ЦĿһۣȻվӣ΢һȭΣ˵ҵ£ڰ궦ȥۣ£Ҳ׷˵ţٴĿһۣת뿪
Сʿˣæϣܸо֮͸һɹ֮ɫʦΪûǰһΪԼ
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СʿԺ죬Ӵһֱš
ʿ΢΢һЦСʿͷЦֵֻ߳ǣЦģȴʶɨһڵĵ̣ȻѴˣԼƽľ֡
ڵ̣˼֮У֮ȻһЦȥǴ£ӰҪﵽβĻ֮
δʱȻ״סˣ֮ǰֻΪǸˣȻôֻľ񣬱λɳ𾪡
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Ҫ֪ǰӵ¿ζ뽻궦Աȫһ


264 ֻ
뿪ֵٴƽ·֮ǰһУһ㣬ȥˣͲٻ
Ȼÿ𴲣򿪵ţŴţСӾƣһߺţһ߳ľȻȹ˶꣬˹
Զɱ¾ǰԼ·һΪϣκɱ¾֮еģֻһƽͣһַ˵
ֲ֪Լտ⾳ʲôǾš
뿪ĵ죬ٴֵӣͬģһòһ˿Ӻ֮ɫˣιĽӣ˿ݣͨһڵϣ֣ͷ
Ŀڴһɨû˵һ۱㿴˶ȻεӣҲǴʿɱǸӵ¡
ķУӣȻͨĻ壬ֿ졣˵ҲֻҪûֻء
ƺȻֵ֪ӣͷ˵óһϹϾķһϣΣˡ
ʼգû˵һ仰ߺãŴӵ̧֮ͷʶһɨֻڷŴʯ
˳ְѴһߣ߳˵̣ſڿųΣƣůů⣬ɵ۾Ǹĸڣһڣô޺
ʱմҴңȥ
һգţĸףֻأ徣ӹŰᦣڴĿ
վԼҵ⣬Ŷ棬вɵ˶ʮǰոֵʱǸˬʵĺӣȥ
ˣˬʵĺӣΪӣΪε˵֮¡
ʮԼǲ壬˼ԹٴηȹپƣֻǣֻأָˣԸı֮¡
ϲһ֣֮Է˼ôգҲӲֻء
ˣΪ˴ֻ֮֮Уµȡ
Ͼţĸ׿һ׿޵֮ˣߣֳʹ֮£鸾ڡ
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Ƿ֮ȥʱ䲻δȫɢô˻ʵӶֻغ֮УиĻȡ˼ҡ
ӣ̣ڴţ岮ǣһݣһɱ⣬̡
ӺԺڣţĸףڹײ֮УţϱԱߣţ۾ͨ죬Ȼոտ޹
һԣվһˣǴţĸףʱҲǱģŹײеķ¶֮ɫ
ڶʮǰȻԷ򸾶˵ĸ飬
һܵԼţ岮¶֮ɫϣȻľݡ
ţĸףֺͷһ򸣣δϣҴ硣
̾һǰѴŮнӹ֧ȼһ
һݣʱ˲谵ֻֻ谵Ƿ˿ģֻڴţ׵ʬϣðһɺţţ׵ӣ壬ƺ䣬ɫ԰ףӺʱɢãȻĿܣϡ
ΪܵˣûһԷΩ֣˫Ŀڰ׷ϡ
ְֺ̾ɫ̻ĩɢͬʱԷ˲ɼ̬ɵߣ˴ţ׵Ļ֮ϣ̸оٺ䣬ֵĿ⣬¶ĸм֮ɫ
ʱȻ֪˶ʮھӣǷˣƮգ˼ͷԼϱţһۣ̾һӣ·һ㣬ߣ֮Уʧˡ
ҿүүˣʱһ۵ԱߵĽڴֻţĺӣǸѾͯ۾գ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ֻСӵĻûţͯûűӣ˵
ָпܣֻأѣŹײȻϵĴţ׵ʬ壬ǰȻصʮÿһı仯һ׳꣬ڶʮصУȥ
Ŀ˴ţĸϣŮҲʮ꣬ɴʱȻʮˣϣ˶ʮµĺۼ
ĿٶһΣ˴ţϣӵ̽һԴһֻͷԸо꣬ʱȻ׳ˣȢӣһΪա
ͷ·һСڶʮµĴУ󣬳ΪһſĴ
һֺ̣ȻȻһԽԽһ˲䣬ֻʮһΣǲĥ֮š
֪ԼǺʱ뿪ӣããȻԼӵ¯ԣǽڣһƬհףΨһڵģһ
ţסĸסԼţʮֽӴһĻĻ棬вϵ˵ò仯ģָо񿴵һεϣĴڣʹôţĸϣʹôţ
ģָокһ˫˸Ĺһ˲䣬оԼӣȻƮ֮УƮԽԽߡ
ƮһУķˣЩϣȫǹڣһЩľĴڣ޴ڡ
Ǵս£ʶģҪȥѰĸԴ
ģָоԼԽԽߣµľԽԽСգʧˣչǰģһ޴ɫ
ϧһֱʱǹĸԴûҵܸоǹǿ֮УҲһ޴ڡ
Ը֮УкִţĻҲԶİֻ꣬Ϊ˻ԹѪϴټҡ
ԸУִ֮⣬м㣬Ļܴһ̤֮·Сʿߵڵĸ߶ȡ
ִ㣬ҪҵĸԴڵȫƾһɱܣڲٿԼһΪ
ӣԽԽߣɫûԶ֮ʱȻԶһ޴ķһľʯʯ֮ϣһ׷ߣ·ʱȻһ¶Ȥ֮ɫ
ǣȻܿ˸ߣԪӤΪǻҲҪ̫̰ˣǼ׷Ѱûиǧϣ޷ҵԴʱ͸࣬㣬ɿǺˣ
һ¶ã֮ɫߺǺһЦϸһۣȵϷӣսԵɣ߳򣬿Ѱңӣ꣡˵ţһ㣬ʱһоԼӣƱһɴݺݵһѣȻ£ɿĻصɫ֮ڣص˾ڡ
΢ɲ飬ָ׸ǴСּգ˲䣬ص˾Ľֵ֮ϣԼĵ֮ڡ
һ˲䣬͵˫ۣȫȻðĺˮ⺹ˮ֮УһŨŨȳ֮ζ
ԴȻȳ֮Ӻë֮ųˡ
ʱ֮⣬һľָɵѸٿ̻ľм£һεּ̣һһҹ
յָյɲǣߵĵȻΣ֮ϣɢµĺۼ
Ŀŵְ֮˼ϣʿľ񣬷һ
Щȥ˺Ժϴһ󣬻һɾص˵ڡ
һθֵΪȻ̶̵ʱ䣬ԪӤڣһԾԪӤڵ۷壬ǻҲֻһ˿
ֻǣղŵһĻȻЩ£ԳӵͷԼأôԼпܣȥ׷ѰĪֻӶʧֻ֮ڡ
ˣô³ֻ·һ
ȻǷƽ˾̺գһΣǳˡ
˵ûл񣬵ֶ˽⣬ȴǱ֮ǰţԼ뻯ȻԶ
ڣȻµѾ̳ߵ⾳Ȼģֻֻǣĸֻߵν⾳ֻǽƫ棬ģֻˣֻء
ΪֻǻʿԸ
˿ֵ̣Уһͼͼϵһָ֮ͼ֮УһȸǴϵľסأǡ
ֻǣҪȥĿǰ˵Ͳܣ̾һ˼̬ģٴλ˷ˡ
ֻУղŸֻһĻȴ


265 ѩ
һθֹȥʮֵ꣬ϣѾסʮ꣬ˣȻײϣͷȫףϸǶơ
ţĸףǰ˳ɼȥˡˣӣȻȫѹ˴ţϣͬһ֧ңԼӣȻĶӣҲ߶ѧԱԼա
һĻ뵱꣬һһֻǣ˻˶ѡ
ûάֶãǰţĶӣСţһηʿУΪӣȥ˰ڡ
Ҳһ꣬ηĵʿΪ׿
ԼҺ׷ɳ֮£ţΪԺ˾˵ϣҼҾ֪
׿ᱻʿһ£ûиоκ⣬Сţʱֱ㿴⺢Ӿ߱ʣ꣬Ҫ
ھⷲһΨһµģǴţһңԣСţʱʱһЩıʵĵҩ£ȴһĹ
һСţʣȻԽԽãᱻڵʿУҲûκ֮ǰڵʿ˵ֻнᵤΪְй۲ԣȴǲʦȫһˡ
ԣҲûв룬˳ȻϾܰģҲֻЩԺ׿ķչȥδӣȻϡ
Сţһߣţ˼ƣʵѾĹأ˵ҵӣգܹˣȻձѧȥˣǲǰʯͷԼĽô
ȻţûĹأԴӹ˻ƺ󣬱㲻ȥӵ飬ָ˵ʱڵϰߣߣľ
ôһ꺺ӣÿź򣬵ҲִһЩĻ䡣
ΪţСֿųԵʣԴĸҲ֮ÿ꣬ţϱҹưԼһ㣬һԲһ
ţϱǸ÷ƹŮҲһͻ֮ŮԼҷ뷨ǿʱĿ⽥ı䣬ҲŴţһư֣Լ
һھķһʱҲᵽһִδйůůİȴų⡣
ΣҲѾһˣһͷл׵ߣʱݣˮǴߣȻΪүĻܹܣүδӡ
Ӽ̳λ󣬶ֵТû٣࣬ҪǣÿΣҪ٣ݵλÿζǿͷʺá
ôģΪүϾǷ˽еĻ壬һزҲʵ˺ܴ
ǾĶˣ˽ףϣ̫ˣһָͷûκ˻ȥǡ
˶ֱϹϾĿģ£һƽ
һ궬죬һѩⳡѩڴ˵ʮ꣬δѩһİɴܣľ֮ϣ൱һ꺢ͯߵĺѩ
вٷݣͻȻµĴѩѹһЩл֮׷ױÿ峿ǶھǵĽڣôһ߹һȻӲʬ塣
ѩµļΪ죬һЩסھǣڿջ¥֮˵硣Ȼкü꣬ûй˴ѩˡ
ѩʼڳĴƮ䣬ѵǸողŲϵĽӡĸǣò˶ãһҲˡ
ѩ˾󲿷ֵ̣òյ꣬ڵֵڱͱȽƫƧѩ˺󣬼춼һӰˣǶڼĻ¯ԣȡůȴѩӣȥ
ѩȷ죬ȷΣڵһһѩƮµһ̣Ȼѩ֮У̲һ˿޵ɱɱǳֻҪ֪ⳡѩǸ˵ȫһ̺ɱ졣
֮¶ȴΧ½Ϊɱ£
ⳡѩǴƼ£Ǵ֮Ϣ֣ĻֻôƲ㣬°˹Ĵѩء
ⳡĴѩµʱ򣬾֮еľŸʿĺľȻһľ磬мһΪڵʿҲûκĻᣬ׵
һ¶˷ͬʱڣгǳеĺľȫͻȻֵ׵磬顣
ţ֮гƮɢѩ֮⣬Ӷĸ򣬷ɳ۳Щ˾ڼ۶˵ٶȿ죬ֻҪΪʿС
һö֮£ԭѾ֮ϵĸ߿ջַ˻ڣС
ץʶһɨֻڴһ˾ʿôս׼ɣˮīţڣľ£ڻɣ㿪ɽţټ·ɢħ࣬ʿԸ
ֳĬһʧڵڣʱȻھϿա
ֺȻһϼۣܿ죬֮ϣҵ˴ѩĳЩѩǴޣϢ֡
ֶ֮Ȼ˶ߣ֮УжദطɢĽƲƣӦá
ͨôҪƳлЩѶȣֻҪǽƣ㲻£˫һĨʱһĹɢޣ֮˫ӶһӰƣ˫֮ϼ۶
Ӱһ֮λģһ˿˿ɢͷ·Ǳѩ濾һ㣬ģ֮ȻŨɢ¶ڵݡ
һʱɫ䣡
ֻϵУһԼɵľ޴ѷ죬ѩЩѷ֮ڴ
ʶһɨڷԲڣ̺ѷĽƣ°ٸ⻹ֻڣֵķ˾ڣе֮Уѷ죬ӦȻ
Ϊ֮һģѷ·רŶʶĳ֮ʶɨʱ̲
ʶ㹻ǿ΢һ˻
ֳû»صڣ½һУǰ֮һƬãã磬ѩԽԽˡ
ֻصڣֲ֮УоڸղſǾ޴ѷһ̣Խ̡漴ȻʧЦ˵Ĺֹ飬òԼȥģȻбԼΪǿʿȥ
ֻǣǰеѷ죬ȴʼһƬƣļ䡣
ʱȻһ̧ͷ֮ţ˵ĳֽ࣬ÿ֮ļһһ


266 ѩʿ
һӣ֮Ϣ򿪣һµĸߴӰڵ֮⡣մ˺ĻѩҲ˵̡߽
ֿ˴һۣƽ˵ʮδѱ
˹һЦժ£¶һľϵò˫ΪۣˣǴʿ̩
һϵѩɢ䣬һ紵ȫƮ棬ûһƬֵ֮С
·һԣֶ̩ӣµ˲䣬ϢĹϡ
̩ºһץַһԵľƺҲñӣǺݺݵĺһڡ
ɨһۣ̩ʮǰȣü˼ƣȻʮ꣬ʲôΪ֮£ΪҲʮǰо֣֮ȴǲһЩ
Ͼֻ˸ĸ
ʿ̩һھƺ󣬺ȻĿֱĶŲԶϵľľǰڵˣ̩ʱľֻֽ񣬶һ
Ŀ⣬ǷǶľ֮ϣģ¶һ˿ݣһ٣ľУϸĲ鿴ãķ£ֵĿ⣬͸֮ɫ
֮̾һЦ֣Ȼҿһʮ꣬ȴԭ̤
ɫƽͣһֶһƺһںҡͷ˵Եɺϰˣ
̩̾Ϣһͷľ񣬻˵ʦ⾳Ȼ̳ľѾ൱ԪӤ֮Уķ֮ʮǰֿ㣬ʮ꣬˽
ȻһЦ˵ϲǣ
̩һи֮ɫŨ˿ֿ֣˿ľԥһ£Ӵóһöķһԣ˵лл
ֵĵ⣬ɵһЩܰ˱ˣľǳӵУţľԼ޷⾳٣ȴǿԸһЩ
ֻǣΨһģǵ׸ѡ񣬱Ͼѡĸľϵ⾳ĴһɵЩìܡ
֮Ȼһ٣̧ͷʱ֣ٴοЦ˵֣䣡ͲҪִˣľĳҪˣҲ㣬¼һڵͨ
Ŀ¶⣬ϸĿ̩һۣ͸ľ񣬱صĺ壬ȴ̱㷴Ӧ⾳ĻᣬʼάԼԭĻ·ִࡣ
Цͷ˵Ȼˣĳȴ֮ˡ˵ţʶһɨɫķһԡ
̩ɨľһۣһҧǿԼȥɫԳ˵֣ѩɷֹ֮
ֳоƺ˵ѩȻΪ
̩Ŀһ˵ûѩ֮Уһɱ˾ڣȫѩǣЩɱȻŨ
ɫʼ糣·Щ飬ûκιϵһ㣬ֻǾš
̩֣˵Ȼλǰ̽飬֮ϵĸ߿գ˱ѩʿĵѷ죡
ѩʿлǵһ˵
̩˵ѩʿҲһļֻڣڼ֮ﱻѩǣϰͨҲѩйأԣÿѩʱȿⵥʹöԷڱѩ֮УΧĳ
̩˵꣬һӣʱ֮Ŵ򿪣һѩץУõǰͬʱ˲䣬һȭͷСĻ򣬶ʱΣɢ֮
뿴
˵ţлѩţһ̼䣬򷢳˿ȻϨˣѩţȴǰȻûжڻ
ֶʱΪ֮ݣû뵽һ㣡
ѩˡ˾ڣѩۻƽԭʱѩʿ֮գ̩˵ͳ
ֳĬû˵
֣½Ǵˣ룬Ϊһ룬ǿ̩Ϊ¿ҵ˵
ֿ˴һۣڣֻһԪӤʿĳΪߣӦڶ࣬ƺһˡ
̩Цҡͷ˵ֲҪԷƱڵľ磬ò꣬һ񣬶˵һλʿص㣡
ֳȻ˵ѩʿΪʲôҪ˿ս


267 ɱ
̩еѩţĬƬ̣Ц֣ѩȸϣеļʼΪȱļԣΪ˿Ըõķչø棬Ȼⳡս¡
Цоƺһڣƽ˵֣ĳͣ
̩ɫʱһ֣˵ּˣκֻҪĳְȨ֮ڿҪ󣬶֣㲻ٿһô
̧ͷĿת̩̩֮üͷ˵֣Ǻ⣿
ɫ糣Ŀƽɫ˵֣Īǰĳ꺢ͯȸǴˣѩʿȥΪʲôƫƫѡȻֲԸ˵Ҳѯʡ
̩Ĭ֮һЦ˿Σ֣˵ֲҪ֣Եɣǣ̫ĳȻԸ˵˵꣬տڲȻȴֵĴ𸴣ͬ⣬ô˵Եɡ
ֳѩʿ֣ʵûκȤȥϾļĿսһ룬в¾Ҫɥڴˣ˷׷ǹʣһֲս£пܻᱻӣ
ֲ֮ɫ˵Ҫһӣѩʿ֮ǰ»ִ𸴡
̩ԭҲûΪֻͬ⣬ʱ־ȻҪ󶼲Էǰ˳ɲͬ⡣
뵽վӣȭ˵ȻˣµȴֵĴ𸴡˵ţӴóһö򣬷һԣֵ˴𸴣Դ
˵꣬ٴһȭת뿪
ʼɫ糣ûκ仯
̩£һֻ̣һ£δͷ˵֣ŷ׵Ĵţȸλã֮Ÿ
ĿȻһ׵ţڹͿ˾ļУᣬĸţԶʱڱѾڣ޴ӿ
һȴǿԿ϶ĸţǽɽķš
̩˵꣬˽Ų±ϣԶˡ
ѩˣʵķŰ֮䡭
̩뿪˽ֵ֮ߣȻĸɫӰˣ̩֮ʶȫɨڵ̡
һˣ˵ܵѣ˵ǳ200һпߣΪθղûж֣
̩ûлͷЦĸΪǼңѵĿԳôҪӣ˭
δأ˵ֻԪӤڵΪ󷨣ﵽ񣬷򣬱ɣԱһˣƽ˵
̩Цһ˦˵Ҫȥȥ²㣬аϣʦľڶȻǬ²
ĸ˳Ĭ໥һۺ󣬶˵תڵȥ
̩Ц䣬ͣ½ŲתȥҪĸļһοԴĹһǿߣ
Ҳ룬һҪߣ˸Ͳʮɰ֣һƽ޹ΪԼպ»£ʵ˲ǣ
Ѹڵȥɱ֮ɫŨ
ڵڣеľƺ̾һôĻľʵڲɱ¾ƻ־֣İɱ¾ֻڻ֮ˣɢ
ˣʱ˿ִ֪֣ôǽͷųһɷһʮҲûгɱһ˵ɷǣ
ȻѾ˾飬һ̣ڵԼܵİѩӳ£ǻḷ́Ϊۡ
ְ̾˫ۣȻʮδĺâĿ⣬ֻİɱ¾УŻʱ֣
ÿһγ֣ʾҪˣ
һΣҲ⣡
žƺһڣվӣǰһ̤ʱ壬ڵ֮⣬ʱĸˣȻٽ
кâһ̣һĺķߣȻ仯δɱǡһ̣ܵķѩƺˣ̺֮ɱʱȣȴ̫ͬĲһ㡣
ʣ
ĸˣڰΧ˲䣬ÿжŹֵķͬʱͺȣǿзţĵ⣬˲˸֯һ֣ΧС
ֺһھƣһ㣬ʱľ⾳һָ֮£ŨɢЩۿɼٶȣѸһͣ
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֣һֿƺʵȴǵʯٶȣǸͷϣһһѪͬʱԪӤѸٴڼ۶һ˿־֮ɫҪԶߡ
ֿһۣ˲ͷſڣһ֮УֵͷϣգۼӿһƬ̻̬ȻһҪԪӤ
ܵķѩһ̣Ϊ֮֮ܰڣ׷ƵУƺȥ״ŭδɱǡ
ˣ֣ͷųһɱ¾İǣ֪ضںޣ
ʣµˣʱΪ֮Ȼ˵׷һĴóԵǿһˣֱֳɡתĿͶ֮ʱ˫͸ɱ֮ɫ˫ۣһΣʿ壬ܵ˺Ĵڡ
ܵķѩһ̣ʲôڴУȲӵĿ֮һ
ʶģҧ⣬һھѪ˱ɡ֮ϣȻ䣬ɡ৵һ£ˣһâͬһֵĽߣ֣ХȥҪ̻һ㡣
ˣҲ׷׼ǲ֪ʣʼɱˣɱ֮ɱˣ
¶һ˿֮ɫǻĽߣһۣһĴʱһ˺ɫС죬УһƬܣӺ֮УȻּʮɫĽ֮ƣѽ߻ٳɷ顣
ܵķѩһ̣ŸԶĵطɢ˿ͬʱǰһ̤ʱȻ˳ɡ˵ߣ֣ӳֵһ̣Ȼ˺˵Ĳϣ΢һһˣ
ԪӤڣɱ㲻ǵڶ̾Ȼ˸ץһֺȻ֮ɫԪӤԪӤҪģ̾ͼ
Ϊְȥ
ʱ˿̣ʣĶˣ˿ûս⣬̶˵תóǿ֮ɥ֮Ȯ㣬̶ֻӡ
ֻǣڲ֪ӣȻӣ
ʣʼɱˣɱ֮ɱˣʮɱһˣ


268 궦
ʣµĶˣһߵķ̩һǷӡ
Ŀ䣬赭дĿ̩һۣŲһ̤һĲʮ
ʮɱһˣ
ֻʮ׷Ǿĺˣ¶һ˿֮ɫ̾ľΨһ˵ţǰһʱļһɫ磬˲䣬׷ʿڡ
Һߣûü˱һȻĴӰһͷˤ£ʱǡ˴ţǰѩ֮С
ԪӤߣȻ
ֵļ˵ûлȸ֮ǰ޷ͻƣɱʿԪӤʿȴǴ´࣡
ɱˣת̩λá
̩ɫ糣֮µĺ󱳣ȴȻʪ͸ֵĿûκԥǰһᣬʱסĺˡ
Ǻɫţ̩Ҫʲô
̩ȻĿ˴һۣ΢΢һЦ֣ĳ뿪˵ţŹ־һϹ⣬жʱ֣һ̣ԪӤ뼴ļʿ֮Ĳɡ
̩ΪֲֻһҲһֻ˻ڣЩ⾳־չֵ˲䣬ԪӤʿȻһָоƻصʱڣԼɵʦһ㡣
֪һжǼٵģоȴޱȵʵһ޷ֿʶȻɢȫӦʱ̩֣Ȼ֮ϣһ£̿ڽѪ
ԪӤ̩ץУֵ棬顣ж֣֮£Լδ룬ԺҲ֪Ҳɱڡ
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ô࣬Ҳֻƽ֣ĸֻһ;֣Ȼ赭дɱˣһ̩ܲ
ֵӣӰ£ѩϵһ̣ˣ·һήһɷǣٴαһ鷲ˣһһĺķˡ
½žƺһں˳̩ת̣˿̵뷲ˣûκβࡣ
̩ӹƺĬãΪɵĿڷһۣĴ⣬ˣֻΪѣΪУ
һ˦ʱֵĸ˵ʬ壬̻ɻңɢһգһѸ뿪ֵ
ִ߳һֱʱ伫̣ټ֮£ܲκһˣһĻ
ʱص̣ڻ¯ԵϣˣӿŨŨĺɫ˫֣ڻ¯Ϸȡů
ڵ֮ڣзɿͿ˾ļ䣬ģйط׵ŵϢԽ
ʱȻķѩ֮Ȼ侲֮ţ֨һһѩƿţһռζʱ
ͬʱǾþδֵͷӣµĿ첽˽ݺҽںһ˵֮ţ첽ԱߵĻ¯ҹģСӴܣ⻹ò˯ˣҲ֪Ǹ˵Ȼϣ˼ҺòײҸ˵ط˯ǵù
ȻһЦһٴζһƺݸͷ
ͷӹ󣬺ٺһЦӻóֻռ˵Сһʶ࣬ãֻռҷһ룡
˵꣬ϸĿһۣ¶֮ɫֵСӣΪּ֮ڣָտɴӦҵľ񣬿ǧˣȻߵĺǣ˼Ҳ׷㣡
Ц˵Ӧǰ֮£Ȼǡ
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һͷһۣ˵ǰ֪˷ҵԭ򣿡
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ֳ˵ŷĴţͨɽ磬Ҳѹ˺
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ֳĬͷ˵ľţ֮üͷһ壬˵ȻˣΪλзĴŴڣ
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ɽ֮ɫһ
ͷΪп죬˵ǰǱռóԶˡ
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ֳĬ΢΢һЦ˵˵궦ΪֵᣬЩʿǸΪҲãǱ궦־ڱصã֪ǷҲ֣
ͷƺһڣ˵׵Ķÿ̻ܻ֮꣬ߣȻĪĻԵĴţ˾ڣǣǸŽȻͻ֮ͬ


269 
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Ŀƽ˵֮գǺʱ
ͷһЦ˵ôˣʵΪȥ֮У˵ΣգֻҪСĽһЩҲ̫ģϾ֮ڣʵмƣΪԽߣԽ󡣡
̧ͷߣ˵ΪΣ
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ֳĬͷ̧֮ͷͷ˵ǰҹã²ֻΪ˶˵Щɣ
ͷٺһЦЦ֮Уһ֮⣬˵Сӣ˼ˣΪ˸㣬ҪˣǰҪȸһľҺ͸¥С䣬֮ʱԶ˼ˣôӢֻڴ˵֮гֹˣȻ˼˵ţ¶Ϊпı飬ֻǣ֮Уȴ͸εĵ֮ɫʱ۾֣Ȼֿ佱䡣
ֳĬ֮һľΣָɵѸ
ֻǣոյ̳µĳΣͷһΪ˵Ҫ·
ָһ٣Цԥһ£ľһĨٴεһΣָûͣ٣Ǽ磬ûãһȫݣһĳߣľ֮ϡ
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ͷ˹п˰죬üͷԽԽ۾һɣ˵ʲô⣬һҲѵУ˼ҾͳĲңǺӣô
˵ţͷľһԣֱĶ֣һһֵ˵񣡡
һ̣ߵУ͸ĲϷ֮ɫǴӶй棬֮У񱩡
ֶʱ쳣ܵƺһ̣ĳֹڱ仯һ˿ΣյĸоȻӿͷ
ͷΪ⼸ʮһֱ²⣬ʱͷΪۣٴߡ
ͷһۣһľΣһΣֻӶ磬˱ϴοһʱ䣬һľ̳
ľ֮ˣӢΣ˫۾񣬿˵ǾҲ˿Ϊֻǣͷ̫ԶֻҪϹ֮ˣԴ濴ͷԲһˡ
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⣬֮ս䱳󣬶ȸӰӣҲ˵˴¼пܣѩʿ֪ԸַȸԣĬ֮£־֮ս


270 ֮Ů
̩ķֳã˲ļ磬⾩ǵһֵȴסʮꡣ
ʱվڵ֮⣬ѩ̾һ
̩֮У˵Ϊ̽ѩǵΪǷĴ̬֮Ȼɳʿֳ飬һǰܽõļѣһȥ弶ѰҾȱһˣȥȸ̽ࡣ
ʱ֮գˣȸһ飬Ȼȫ
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һȥ弶ʿĻ֪һϢ궦Ͻɣ弶롣
գһʿ˼Ĵۣڴ弶һӤʿУһ𾪵Ϣ
ѩʿһŮӣŮʾˣȸҲΪ֮Ŀֻһʱ䣬Ȼڻڵ۷壬Ϊȸԣʵһˣ
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̾һ̣пˣʿУ֮ϣӵ΢ЩʿȴǣǣҲǴӷ֮߳
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ģһɴСгִ֣ڵľϣԽԽ࣬һ̣죡
УƬƽԭȻռ㹻ľֿ֮˴˵һۣת뿪
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̩֪Ȼߵĩ·ʱ˿̣˼룬ҲΪԼĳ·ϸĿǡ
ֶ̩˵ͷ뿪˴˵ء
һ·ûֱͣǵ̣֮ھ֮һʧˣʱȻ˵֮ڡ
һۣϣһóһлЩѩľΣʳָָ£Ӷ̡
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뿪ǰ֮ʣֵĻ֮Ȼߵĩ·׼յĵ̣ԼΪȡԴﵽ
ʧܣҲҪľϣһһ뻯񣬽ֻҪѡһȥ򣬱Դﵽ
׼̵ģǴ޵֮һֱֹ֮ɱÿһˣ
ÿһˣ


271 ʮ껯
ֵһɱ֮ˣ׼ȷ˵ʦ
ָ£ľм䣬ûãľΣǰһ̣־дſ־ı飬ȫȫչľ֮ϡ
ľĵһƬƽ̰꣬ϵĺ«ҲȻ³ѭȻ
ڶ̵ģһӣĿ֮йѪ֮ɫ촽ԱƼΪ̱ʱ֮аѷɽɽâһɱ֮Ȼɢ
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մ˶ɱ⣬գȴǳУڶꡣ
ľһְۣһԣٴóһľΡ
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һĻĻлصָ֮ɵһľ֮ϼ۶ߣľ񣬳Ρ
òΪӢȴй֮ɫӿ֣Ŀż̰֮ɫǣȻ¶һ˿ڱصõ΢Ц
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ģȻڵ̣ȫڼ֮УԼİͬһİ˰㣬лĸ֡
ӿʼ꣬ɣںڣʲ㣬һֱռ䣬˾ͽϳ֣ɱ϶
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׷ɱУ˺㿪ʼһ·ķʬڡȣʱһ׵ĸıһ
ĸٻԪı飬˾ͽϵİ£ս
ǣİɱ¾ΪΪΪ˻ȥϧһдۣԼΪԼ飬飬Ѫ
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ڹ֮أӵˣֵӡ󣬿˵ǿ̹ģǡ
֮صĶ꣬˵һɱ䣬񣬻壬һɱ䡣
棬Σͬ޴ԲȻԳ
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һľȫ˫֮䣬һľʧǺɫкĿƽУϵĴͻȻԶ򿪣ڵɷѪɳ
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ְںӡ֮ϣʱһѪˮĸоӿļ䣬ӡʧ뵽ԪӤ֮С
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˵Իûл񣬵˿̣뻯Ȼ⾳ȻܲһҪƮȻɵĸо֡
ڤڤ֮һ֮ϣչȥ
ָоǼı֣ʱҪڸҪڸ⾳ֻҪѰһأıչʮ꣬Ȼﵽ񾳽硣
վڽֿڣͷϸĿһȻʮſյĽֵסʮϽ֣һһľȫӳļ䣬һ˿ᡣ
ãһУμģ̾һתʧҹɫ
Ϸһǳһ⣬Ŵķˣһ׵ᣬ鲼һƬЩ֮Уסźܶˡ
ȫǱˣѩķˣţסһڡ
סһģʮˣͲķ䣬ʱԵΪӵţͨϣ۾ݶ
ӣӣ֡
յһУһѩ֮Уȫɢ
ѩ֮ǰһ±࣬Լ̣˼Ƶƹ񣬶ӰɣΪеһԱ
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һֱһƬá㣬ٴЩͲľˣԼ̷ꡣ
ĸȥʹȻѿԼ壬ԼĳǣⳡѩһУıˡ
֪Σǰ˵Ůͯʱ岻ӵ壬һֱ̫ã⺮ѩ죬ܳܵסô


272 ţ
ÿ˱ţģͬӻһ㣬ʹжôͬЩˣһľԼӵ˼뵣ġ
ģӻܲסȥ
֮⣬ĵģ֣ͣѾˣӹѩ죬ô
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һ˵ҲѰҹԼĸĸˣ̫ˣеķˣȫѩ֮Уɢȫء
ӵͨͨĻ޷ҵĸ
ţԼˣѩжãÿ峿ܿߵѣ˱
ͬʱҲ˲ϹŵСľ֮ÿе֮ʱСľϱɢů⣬ů˲ȫʹ䣬Ҳ԰Ȼȹ
֪ľ֮󣬴ţ֣ɵһİУû͸һ㡣
ҲΪľĴڣţԼӵĵģҲһЩţֻҪӲľժ£ôҲȻһᱻ
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˵ڹգûѩͬĴһ︴գġ
峿ţһѣͨӣԱߣ˯һϵܼҶӣСӶʮ꣬׳ʱƽʱɻţǷֵһ飬ʱŶһЩ
һӵĺӣţһѣĿסˣܼҶӣֲķڱ֮ϣЦһˡ
ڸղȥʱȻ֣ܼҶӵ壬ΪӲʱţУˮһʮĺӣͷӣʹ
ңӣӣ֣̣յů
ʱ½ĿŴţţ̷֮ⷿڣһҹ֮䣬ˣ
ÿˣĬˣ֮ڷ⣬һˣɻ˭Ҫ͵ֱӵѩﶳ
̾һ˳ȥһѾ˫ãȻƼݣ⼸µѩʼʱʳҹܱԽʳԽ٣ڣǵѾԸˡ
ţȻǱͷڵʹޣһϺõ꺺ӣǰţ߰ɣֻҪţͻϣ
ţͨһܼҶӣᣬٴ
ᣬʱ棬ţһ䣬ʱؿڵСľ֮ϣů⣬ɢ˺䡣
ţؿڣ½ӷ߳ǣһҧߡҪҵӣȻ뿪˵أȥڹ¶ȹѩֽˣٻ
ҹ˶˯֮ʱţĵӣ򿪷ţһһһҧѩ֮С
з˵ľפֻǣߵİգǲŲʣΪķѩʱգһ뿪ֻ·һ
ǣڳЩʿ֮⣬˺ڣϣ˳ȻҪȥѰܲǰɡ
ţŷѩѩԭ֮ϣ󣬵ȴ޴֮Уҹأţ߼䣬Ȼ¶ˤ˲䣬Ȼ˿ֻѰӵģһ߶ʬ塣
ʬȻûãԲδѩûֻǸһ㱡ѩţʱʬ彴ɫ沿뼫
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ѩϣٴʹ
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һӣʱһ֮⣬ڴţϣһԶ
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ţл㱵۾ԼһΣп壬ӣ֪ΪΣ뵱ʱһһ
̾˿ȻĿһֱߵŮӣһæǰ˼£Ů۾ţͬһ£˱һʹ
ţôҼǵ˯ʱڷϰţӣ˼ʵ
ţĬƬ̧̣ͷգ֮̾˿֪ǲΣʵıһ£ţʲôҲû˵վӣĿԶĻ֮еͨԼСϡ
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ӣӹĻ֮ڴ뿪˾ڣߺûãֳڶ֮ǰ֮ŴţʧıӰ¶һ˿ο
ʶȻڹԶһСǣֻ˳Źٵֱӹȥţȹһֱ޷ǿ壬ֻǣҲûлᣬԿ֡


273 ѩ
վԭãĿʹţ򸾵뿪ʮǰţһ꣬תۼ䣬ţȻȢӣˣҲꡣ
⾳һ֮£ʼգ
ȻһЦڹĻһ㣬ʱʹâ˸䣬Ļϲ̧ͷ˿ܣû뿪ˣΪһĿ껹ûɡ
Ǿ궦
궦˵һˣͬʱҲһǻʿӤЧ;
˵궦ҲδһԽǸܵ٣ԽǿԲ֮Ʋǰһɾ
֮УǡⲢ˵ڽ仯ֵΪԼ⾳ߣʹ壬Բ֮е⡣
֮ǻɣҲ˴ţϾʿ޷֮еĲӡ
ǴﵽҪٽһã֮Ӳɼ¶ˮΪвȫԵʣ˵оǲһЩ
ֻǣУʵ̫ռˮ֮⣬ԣͬǻһҪһֻϵޣſȫ
ȱԣҲͬҪϵĻ֮飬ҲΪԣİٶ꣬һֱ޷ȫ
Żȡ֮־ڱصãԣĿ꣬궦ϡ
ʱȻǻȡ궦ʱĹؼʱ̣ѩʿս֮ʱ
뵽Ŀ¶ƽ֮⣬ѰһƵѩ壬ˣĳȥ
³ͬʱᦣӴóܣܿ죬ӣ㳹׵ʧѩ֮ϡ
ֲ֪ѩʿʱԣ׼ץһʱ䣬Լӿ컯һ궦İգҲ
תۼ䣬һȥеãֻѩʿ٣֮ѩСˡ
˹ڣȻѩǣһ֮Уķ˵ʬ壬ȣȴǱѩʬ˵ķ䣬ȻΪ
ʵɣѾֳ֣һǴܷͷһǼסϾⲢǲƾУѩҲֻļ
һգ֮ϵЩ޴ѷڣȻɢɫĺмλõѷڣ߳һŮӡ
Ů£ʤѩòǾȴйɷһı䣬ƺѩһ
ỺĴѷ߳ڸ߿֮Ͽ˵һ̧ۣ֣ĵգʱһ˿˿ѷ죬ȻϢĳڰУѸɢ
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ţеѷڣ߳µʿЩʿȫһͬ㣬Ǿɫǵϣɢĺ⣬˲䣬˵ÿһ䡣
һɱ֮˾ڡ
ͬʱ˵ڶʿȴһҲûг֣ƾѩʿһѷ߳
ģѩʿԽԽ࣬ˣȴûзκϢǵĿ⣬ȫڵеǸŮϡ
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ŮĿ䣬һָ򵥵һʹѩʿɱ˻һ׹⣬Ȼ䣬ս١
һˣһϵӦʱ֮еѩʿȫ¡
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ϰɫ·֧صԲһ㣬Ȼ֣ͬʱǹ֮ϣ۳õľӰǷɿʵһֻƤ׵ϹҰˡ
Щ޴ҰˣϸԷ֣Ӵ֮Уһʿ˵ΪȻǵͽʿ
һ޴ҰˣĵлûŲŭµѩʿȥ
ЩҰڶ࣬һ̤£أΪ֮һ
ЩҰ˳֮󣬶λãһŭһ޴ĺɫʯ߸ߵƮʯ֮ϣһȫסߡ
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ţϷˮīŷҲǴһһ޴ͭĴˮīźɽƮ֮ͭϣϵһ˿֮ɢ
һɫߣ֮ͭϣĿƽա
ľ֮Ҳڶؾʱһ̲ԼаɴСĺɫ࣬ɢζľƮɫ֮УʱðһЩݣʱиһʹ
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һ̣ĺڻɣһźУһƼΪӣƮϰգɫЩ԰ףƸոմһ㡣
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Щ໥һγһѺɫëʣëһ̷ɫ䣬ͭϵĺϱŸסĸ֮ˣҲ׷飬¶ݡ
һ֧ƼΪƽëʣ뵽Уס˱ʵ˲䣬һ˿ĺ
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ֻһ飬ԱԲʱֿ֮飬ʱĵһ̱ͷ֮ԺŮ˵֪Ƿ̩˵ѩ֮Ů
㲻ǣŮҲ߱˻ϵΪԶԶʱԶԿ֮ˡ


274 ±
ֵ֮˲䣬ϿյĺңǾסĸߣһЦ˶ʱקң۶ȥ
֮еˮ飬תͷûκηģ˻һƬ಻ˮ֮ȥ
ͬʱ飬׷ѡɵķ򣬸ԷȥΩ飬վڰգ˻һƬɫĻ棬ӿϹҰˣ˹ȥ
ţеѩʿֱͽѡɣһâչɱ¾
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Ŀһ¶֮ɫһȭ棬ʱһһƬѩķ
Щıѩ·ٿأ໥һ𣬻һѳìѩһץס
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֮УֻǰŮӣһעŴء
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սȥЩʬ⣬ȫֻ֣Ǹһ֣ᱻһգͬʬ⣬ͳͳɡ
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Ҫֵ֪ʶȻ൱ڻڣǿǻϣļУ˿Կ͸
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ֲԸݾߣûѡ棬ѰΣѩʿеĻڸûȫǰǲֵġ


275 
еİŮӣ˫ۣķʽ֮ܵصս¶һ˿Цʱһ׹⣬г֣Ȼ䣬ʧѷ֮ڡ
ֻһƬ¡УŮڵķԲѷ죬ͻȻƶһ໥ӣԼٶȣγһ޴ѷ졣
ͬʱһѩѷڽ١
ѩʿ֮źܴĲͬңûκɣħһһȺ
ѩΪﵽԪӤں󣬱ԪӤ񣬴Ӷγһ⻯ıѩˡ
ݵı־
ͬһﵽΪôһ飬һԼıѩԴΪԼ֮ء
һαѩĽ٣Ŵ˴δսʿ֡
һѩ͸죬СͬˣȻͨĲж˵Ϊ
ԽߣʿΪԽǿѩʿһȽֱ۵жϷʽ
һνٵıѩһʮ
Աϲ٣Ȼﵽ˾ʮŲ㣬ģˣΪﵽ˻ڡ
ʮٵ˲䣬˵Ļʿ׷һһɵһ֮ڣڣӰʧ
ֻڰŮµĵϣͻȻ˸߲ʹâһ޴ţϢĳ֣˵Ļʿ׷߳
ڵʿȻҲУֻǣ⾳ߣȴûڡ
УĸߣۣˣǺƸոմӹײһ㣬϶ƣˣڵĻɴϡ
̧ͷЩٵıѩһۣһߣȻͦ˲䣬ݵļĹϴž죬ǽҲʱϵƣżĹʧӰ
գۼ䣬˱һݵߣһòϵˣĿأŰŮӣ˵ºڻʿ֪¿ѩĺѣ
߿еĺܵȸѩ֮Ůڴﵽڵľš
ǰŮĿ΢ԵԭƸ£˰λʿ֮һ
üͷ΢ŮʷȻҪĴ𰸣˿̣ŮӼȻشĿһ䣬ǰһӣ
һǿսźţͬʱҲһ׼ִеڶƻ֮˵һźţ
ƲٵˣܴŮǲǺҪһΣ
ߵĸɻʿ׷һϰա
Ůһ˿ֻһѩϣѸ߳һѩĻʿ˫߶˵սʹչ
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սȻֳ֣һǻʿڵɱһǻʿڰиԶ
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ʱǿһĻѩʿ׷ɫ䣬ҪЩǽսɻʿȥӪȣһУڼƻ֮С
Ůӣʱɫ䣬ӣĻӶһë䣬ֻǣȴΪɱ׼˺ܳʱ䣬רΪѩ֮Ů׼
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˳ֵһ̣˾ڣά󷨵ʿȻήң
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Уǻڵʿˣֱڣ⾳֮ˣ˵ɱ󣬳ӤڣӤʿɣ
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һĻѩʿ¶ŭ֮ɫŭ֮УȴûκαǸӷˣչ
Ŀһеķüͷ𣬹۲һѩʿı飬ܸоЩԾ
Ůݣ֮Ů
ʱϺȻһ߲ʹЩһһ˵
Ƿֲ˸䣬һ̣ͬʱգտ£һ˵γһΪĵľ޴󷨡
ϣǹ֮λڣϥʿȫ˫۽գȫΪ䵽֮Уά󷨵ı任
أֻ˵ĵ㣬յɽ˵Ѿѩǣһ̣ѩһУ׷£Щסı㣬Ҳѿֻɽһ̣һ˵ļ£Ȼһ峤ɵĲ䶯ӡ
ܿ죬ѩµ˲䣬̧ͷ­޴ۣ֮ϵѩʿ
֮ϣվһˣˣʶǴʿ̩
̩֮ڣ˸ߵĵλΪ֮УػѪ
Ҳֻڿ˲󣬿ԳɹĲٿл֮ս
̧ͷȻ䷢һХһˣݿ˵ʿХһ̣׷
ռƻһХžսʼʿ֮طɳ뵽ѩʿ֮С


276 飡
ѩ֮Уüͷ壬ѩʿֻЩ£ôһսȻ˻ȡʤĪΣС
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ھǧʱӶʱʧԭأʱȻǧ⣬ڳֵ˲䣬һĶͷʱ³һɫĴӡ
ӡһ֣ɢɷһл꣬ɷ֮Сһ㣬ӡգʧ
ͬʱ˫Ѹٱ仯һƣ̴ܣһĴ֣һ֮£תۼ䣬ʧӰ
ոЩԶԶأȻ١
鼫ΪǱֺûз൱ڻ۷Ϊ˵ˣԸһԪӤڵʿȴ˵ɱɱ
ûʸ
ڷ˲䣬̧һӣʱһɺָ֮һӴɤһһѪ
ԪӤͨһ𣬾ȻЩɢ
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ֻǣʦΪ㣬Ȼ޷һ
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278 
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ֻԪӤ֮ʱĵȻ˾ϣ֪ʱΣԷȻǻڣпǻڵ۷壬˵֮Ȼ̺⾳һ䷨ԼնȻΣӣ
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һ˿ϣս̫ãѩʿע⣬ʱԼȻѷɡ
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ּûκԥԪӤӳ̧֣֮ϣһ˿ߡ
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ͬһг֮С


280 ʦ
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ģľѧһôľʹóǶһֱ֮
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뿪ãһһٶˣӱɽ֮߳˿ʧ֮һۣѸ뿪˱ɽ
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¶ƺҪ˵ЩʲôһӶ䣬ͳ˹Ļ󣬹Ļָ糣
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һж䣬һǲķˡʹٻ˳ҲҪ־Ϸ衭
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ޣã
һж䣬һǲķˣʹٻ˳ҲҪ־Ϸ裡


282 Ի
ʦԶȥıӰһĻĻļ䣬֮صĿ˼ͷȭͷת뿪
ҳ»ڴ˷ģѩ
ִŸӵص˱ѩܻرȴû̫ϲ֮ɫеģֻһꡣ
һֶ̣Լ⾳Ȼһ򣬺ΪΪ
⣬ֵУþûص
ˮīŵĻʿһνǳƻķɶ꣬ڱѩ֮ѩɵϣȻԱΪѩһԶҲĨȥʺ֮ɫ
ţΧĻʿҲԱ֮С
еҫȥ
Щ¶ԭʿ
תۼ䣬һȥ
һУʼ˼֮⾳ģ⾳˽Խˣһ֮Уƺڽһɱ䡣
ɽɽˮˮ
ֻ֣ȴ֣ʱɽɽˮҲˮʼһڸ˫ۣʹȴԸܵܲȴ
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ˣѶȣÿһѩһʮһѩѶȣνǾˡ
ҲΪΣѩıܣԪӤڼΪټԭ
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νԡ
ҲѩʿԶΪԭ书֮У飬ǲ볾ܴﵽĿġ
ԽоѩԽܸܵ˾Ŀ֮˾֮ܳΪ֮;ǾԵĽƫ棬ָо뵱ħĹ˵ͬȴ֮ͬ
˹ֲԸ΢ģ£ıѩΪѪѪ⾳Ϊ仯ӶﵽٿصĿġ
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֪ڻһ̣ǷغƵԽǽ޵٣ԽǿԸоʿ񣬽ʹøʿ
ǣһգ߳ѩ뿪ˡ
ǰѩȻּټнᵤʿȥдΪʮȥȸʿһˣˣΨһĳɹߣȻﵽӤڣ
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֮ԻԹ񣬳شƫƧ֮⣬һԭִλֵ𾴵ĻʿϣһԼûģҵĸо
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ľ͸ŮΪң֮
һ·Թʮǰ߹ͬĵ·һΣոսԪӤڣ죬˳ԭ·ԹΣǼѡ׼֮ء
һһأ⾳֮
߹һŴһգһƬİĴϣм䣬ȻƸգһ˿˿ˮ
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ͭͭҲɫ⼣Եλãһ˿ɫ
һ࣬˵Ϊټ
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ڣժ£һóһЩʳһ߳ţһߴ̸ֻǵĿ⣬ȴʱɨ֡
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ֻһ󺺣һһ˲죬ȴسɴ֮Уǰһ̴Զһ̣Ȼ߹֮ڡ
ھߵ˲䣬һŲͣϸĿһۣ¶׵ݣº͵Цû뵽ССȻҲܿˣīǣǣ


283 
ĿƽİԽʵڹŹ֣ھȻûаէһȥˣܿԼݣֲɫһȭ˵ɽҰ֮ˣûʲôƺҴţǡ
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ī΢΢һЦ˵´ǣ֮һ֣õãǷȻ֮Ƿ˭ȥǳ֮νã
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һ仰һ̻ļ䣬ɢ˺ܶࡣ

ī¶ն֮ɫ˿ܣĵһˮݣ૵޸ˮݵ֮ˮ޸ˮʧݵ֮ˮûûͨνˮˣ
ٴһ㣬һΣǷԵЩϣпն֮ɫŨ૵գǿϲŭɰ֣գǲϲŭֻ֣أ
ȻһָڵĻ棬ֵʱΪʧ
˵վӣָգ˵꣬죬ڴأмḶ֮́Կˮ죬أҲ꣬һ
Ϊ֮ݣվӣīľһ
īǺЦ̧߳ǣȥԶԶģ޵
ţ֣㶮ǶǲΪ֮
Ŀˮ֮ȻһЦ
ʱԵļ󺺣׷¶ã֮ɫԼԼһЩϸһ룬־ǰвڸ˫ۡ
λ̨ղ˵ģʲô˼һˣ̲סѯ˷׷ײĿ֡
ֺЦҡͷ˵ǡ
˵ţ̧ţ뿪ˮ֮Уգ꣬죬˿أ꣬ڴء
м䣬һ

Ϊν𣬱ˡ

֮䣬һƬȻԼסһ˿һ˿ԭֻʣһĻľȻ伱⾳򣬼˲䣬ﵽ˻Ҫ
˵һֻ̣ҪԸ⣬
ֻǣ˵Ȼǻ֮ѹĵ׻ĳ嶯ӿ˷еٶȡ
īֵ⾳ԣӼģʶһУʣΨе֮һ֣īǣˣ
ҹĶֵľڻһ̣֮߱˻ʸӵ˻⾳
ʿʵеȼУʼķֽ㡣
һУΪʿһﵽϣô޵ص㣬Ƥ⣬תľԸΪ֮Ϊʼ
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Ĳͬ⾳Ҳвͬ׼˵ǧ磬⾳ڶ࣬Щ⾳֮Уûǿ֮֡
˵ֻҪ⾳ﵽ£޼ʼĽŲͬȴǿԾԵӰպΪ
ԣʿʵһȼ磬ǸѰô˵֮ԪӤǿޱȣʿУȴ硣
ʵҪܿ°ڵһʱȻ⾳֮߱·һǻ񣬴ҲͻƣﵽӤĿܣΪã
Ǽ⾳վ޷磬᲻ϣȥԽ


284 
ʵʿﵽһǸܱ˵⾳ӶʹԼģ£˷ȵڶּ򵥺ֻܶ࣬ǣѾڣлʿԼ⾳ȥԣַһ㶼ǸڵԪӤԲſС
ڵڶ֣ȫԼȥȥľջԼ⾳ַѣҪԵſɳɹֻҪɹԼ⾳ôڵȼϣҪԶԶ߳ǰߡ
һ˵ֻЩƾԼĸ޷⾳ʿŻѡһϾ֮䣬вġ
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ܹԼˣϾ࣬ԣ󲿷ʿѡһ
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һץʱɫ类ץУһ꣬һѪΣһۺ봢ڡ
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Ϊڰ⼫Ƴ׵ĻɷһĴڡ
ţǿϥ˫ۣʱһ㣬ָȦһ֮£ȫ뱾ڣ󣬽ĽɫҺ壬Ҳһ£뱾
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յһУĺɫ⻷һ˿˿뱾ڡ
һ̣˺ܾá
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ڣͼ֮
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285 
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˿̣Ķ⾳ʹ֣֮磬ԣ¶˾ģʹñ߳һ֮·
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ʱ֮ҵйһ㣬ںɽγһ޴С
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ԪӤﵽһ̶ȣǻ⻯ѶȣҪ󷴵ôߣעصǸǶĸ


287 ת
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ֻ˽ط򣬲ſԴҳ֮飬ν֮Ƕʼվǲ
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⾳һɿӤǻӶΨһѡ
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ӵ˻ӶȻԶԶˣԶԶʿʿĴڣΨ顣
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ǣӤǲȷԻȴ޷ãϾӤ壬޷̫ǣԪһʵĳ֡
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ҪΪļҪһʿ˱ڴ˹ļȻһ֮֮ͨ̽ͨȸΪԳȸʿ򣬺١
ҪģʿҪһֱסֱ֮󣬲ſϱļȼ
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ڴµӣ˲ͬԱΣ
Ͼһʿ֮۶ʮӣ̶ȣ޷
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ȴ˵ңΪԹһ顣
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ǴƷ˵еǱʣȴּΪҪڽѾѣһֱָо⽣֮Уһ̲һܡ
һ˳ѷ֮⣬ѷУŨҵ磬ֻ磬˵ûκβʡ
ѷ죬Ԫ񽥽ӦͷĲֻһ㣬ӿռѷ۶Щ໥ںһ𣬺ܿ죬һǰ
ʶһɨĿһⴢڵĶȫֻеһ룬ǽʣδС
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ģٶԽԽ죬һҲֵ֪֮ǰһ޴ĺʯ֮ϣһѽʣ
⽣ʣֵ֮
ǽܣȴĸӰӰΣϥŽɣһ֮˿ӽɢĸӰա
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ֵһΣĻͨٿ֮ڻʿ˵һЩ߱൱֮ͨ⣬̶ķȻ١
еĹֶΣԼ⾳ΪԴ
ԵӰʱһһһ˵˽֮ϣӶʱڣס˲ӺڳԶ۶ߡ
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⣬˵Ѿ񣬵ȴ̫٣֮ղ֪ʱ٣Ҫǰ׼ɽ֮־ڱصã


289 
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һԾޱϥߣһ̳Хһ޴Ŀ˸ɭɭâȴǲǰߣ¶һϲ֮ɫ
һ飬ڴ¶ȴǹ˿ˣԻΪ֮ĺϾ޵ӣʵ̫
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һ·ȥΪãñΪгɣָоΪϲֳХһ᳹أµޣ飬Ҳһ˻
ԽԽ죬޵ķУһµ̱ʶʱɨֵΪԼ޺һ׷ջʶҾš
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һĻȻ֪Х󣬹ЦһĴ̶һľ񣬴ľΪߵµָһץʱ̶ദһžâҧָ⣬һѪǾâںϣľ֮ϡ
ʱľ΢΢һڣһѪɫĳľڣɿߡϸԿľ֮ڣֻһѪһʮ
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һοǻоΪͬԲǻڣһƺĹڣãʹôǻڣ߱˻ûԶķ֮
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Ŀƽһڿ֮أһλϥ£һﲻɣֻʶȴǰо衣
Ҫߣ˵ĿģΪΣҲǴ֮أôֲУǵȶԷнȥ
ٴοһۣȻ˵ѼȻˣҲռǼߣӽǻΣ
ɫ糣ȴһߣǺжԴҲûм¼ʱգҲ㲻̣ȴδ˵ʲôߡ
ıԴɳƵЦ¶ӣȤ
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290 û
һޣʱò֮ޣſ죬ǻһƿԴʯ
ܿȥϢǻڣȻӲİɵս磬ڵʯ׷õ
һԾͷϣʱȫۣɡ
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Ѫе޻꣬ȻףΪһ·ûֻޣȻɫ֪ʲô裬ЩɱѪꡣ
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ǻڹ֮ڴֳ֣һɫ԰ףӴóƿҩºϥ
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ٹĵشһӴ󷨣󷨣һÿ500꣬սع֮󷨡
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գ֮һδͨЩţģȴЩηĿ⡣


292 
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293 
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ͬǰǸľһŸ
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ǰδŵ޻Ӱʱһ棬Ȼڡ
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·ħ׷ࡣ
ǷģһΣرһȡɽ֮֮Уһɼǿš
ȸǶ֮أһɽ֮УһƤ꣬վһʵľϣ̧ͷ죬УҲһ궦촽Ŀ¶Ѫ֮⣬ٺһЦڿն
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ǰֿ֣˵һһӡһУһδΣУġ


294 
໥һͼԼٶȣԶǿգȻȥ
ܿ죬չǰģһ޴Ľ֮š
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Ȼǻڣ֮ڰգ֮һһɨǰ׷ߣһںžƵӣҲΪƽ̨һˣҲ
մѡ¶Ѫ֮ɫ˵ƽ̨һԥַ꣬Ͼ˾ĸԸ뿪֮пܻһսһҪĽ
֣һ㣬ӦñȽϺ󣬴Ŀһɵƽ̨֮ϡ
ʱǸƾƵˣҲ̧ͷ˹
ھħӣҲһζ֮ɫŨ
ܸоǷ֮ˣϤ֮Уô룬Ҳûκӡ󣬴ʱɵÿȥ书ϲߡ
¶Ѫ֮ɫ꣬ǰ׷ߣҲǲĿϾһȸǡ
վƽ̨λѣ뿪ѡɡ䣬ȴٴһ˿Ȼܴ֮н͡
ĿƽŴˣҲ˵һӣʱһ룬ڰ֮ʱһ£һֻӴĸ󡡣
һ֣˶ʱɫһ䣬ʧܣ
ܣڶ෨еһҲ±¶Ͼȣ֮ɱﵣԴˣպսԷȻܣɱС
ңڴ˵أȻʵΪǲ¶һסˣպȻ鷳ϣҲӳܵԭ֮һ
һ̹ӣʱһ޴򣬴бһæˣԴͬʱ˫仯ʱһ֣ǰΣײһ
˿ѪӱˣȴҲһ£Сһ˻ȥſڣĿ¶֮ɫˡ
ְ̾һ֪ÿһʿȻи֮֮ͨˣ˵ַ֮Ȼ߱ĹЧ򣬶Իȥ롣
Ҫ֪ܣѾ൱ڻʿ˵뻯ʿЩ࣬ڣȴǴ´࣬ܣû⾳֮⣬Ȼ߱൱
˷ɳԶΪɵĿһۣɵÿЦһȭҲȥƽ̨ϥ
Ϊ棬˵ؽ󣬵Ҳǲ֪Ǽ⡣
ѩ֮ŮĿһһۣջĿ⡣
Ǿħӣ촽¶һ˿ս⣬֣˵ͷȻѾ϶ֵʵ
ߣƤһջĿ⡣
Ψ¶Ѫ֮ɫ꣬ڿܵһ̣¶ɵ֮ɫһΪйأֿ³׵ޣΪɵ
ǺƾƵӣ̾һܡֿˣϧǵˡ
һ٣ٴαȦϡ
ܷǿһĻ֮ˣ׷׳ĬĿ⣬ȴʱ֣¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ŀƽһжദһƺһں󣬵ͷĬ
ʱ䲻ȻڴХ֮ʼСܿ죬ԽԽգǱȣУţڻĴ򿪡
âӷ϶ɹâ㣬ܺڰȫģԽԽȫ򿪡
ܵʿ׷վӣ˵һһڷȥʧ֮С
Ŀûм߽ǵȸ֮ȫɽŲŲæķ𣬽ɽ֮ڡ
ŵ˲䣬ʱоһӴϢͬ籩һɽ֮ϢûʲôɱֻǴнɽ֮ŵʿߴɽ֮ţĹϡ
ͬʱֵǰֳһƴС񶦣ץס˶봢ڣڽɽ֮ǰֳʱоһЩ伮
֪˶ΪأصصֻҪһҪԼһʱ䣬ܳɹ뿪ɽ磬صǡ


295 ɽ
˶̧ͷԶֻԶһ޴Уһʿʧ
һУܿ죬ӣڲ
һִˤ֮УǰĿ֮⣬ҧ֮£˫ĿʼһĻ޷ǵľ
ֻĽ£һƬƬӨƬЩƬԲηֲͷ·ǰһ澵ӣˤڵϺɵľһ
⾵ӣͺñǵӴɽ磬ʱɽѣƬڵɽ֮ҲɢһգֻһЩƬ֮ϣһЩˡ
ֵӣѸ½ЩƬҲѸٷŴգĲԼ˱ԵһƬϡ
ص˲䣬һĴжһͭ壬֮Ϲʿ֮һԻûСסˡ
غĿܣı鲼֮С
˵ûκ澡һݲݣԶɽֻɽ壬ʱֻʣһ룬ƽޱȣȻǱԷп
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ϣ洦ɼһЩ׵Ĵӣеĵطɢһ˿˿Ʈϰա
һŵ磡
ɽ磿ֳĬ
Ѿ֪ɽ𣬵˿̣վȴȻЩ޷ţϹʱڣΪﵽ󣬼ɸܵɽٻӶɽɽ磬һʿ˵ʥأ
ʥַ
ڣܣɵóĬˡ֮غ˿ĿԶĹȺһǰȥ
ܿԶʵʷУȴǷ֣һɿʹ÷кѴﵽһٶȡ
ֲ֮⹬Ⱥ֮λĿЩ棬ļΪ𺳡
ЩУֿõɽ磬ǶôĸУЩɹĲϣȻʯ
˵ʯĸ¥ҲĳĽ֮أʯǰЩȣ֮ͬ㡣
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ֻƾõ£ЩʯȻȫʧȥЧãܶطýһ̻Ϊĩɢһա
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ڷ֮УֲɵóĬûҪɽ֮еģֻһɱ֮С
⹬Ⱥ룬ͣ˽ŲǰһƬذȥϸһԷ֣һӡ
Ϊ֮𺳣ڿӡ˲䣬뵽֮Ǹӡ
һ֮ʹⷽԲݣȸǣҲҪ֪ɽ磡
ɽһУҪӲҴ˵ؾסģǻɽ֮ǿʿڣһӡȴЩֲˡ
ڴӡԵλãһʱһ֮Ȼɢ˳ֱ˲롣
⾳ʱת֮кȻ֮ɫŨ
ղӡ֮ڣвдһЩϢǱһ£ԽǸԽ֪Էǿ
վӣĿ̧֣հӡ֮ϣã΢΢ҡͷƹ˵أڷߡ
պֿһѿʯʯϿż֡
֮컪ʿ
˵컪ʿ´󹦣֮֮ͨΪƬΪʹͣ⹬ǰһ԰ʮڵȫն°빦Ч
ֿ꣬ĵٴ𶯣˵֪ʿɽ紦ںֵλȻһʿͿӵӴĹȺôľ
Ҫ뿪ȻĿһ͵תֱĶʯٴϸĿһۣʯƽûκγ֮
ֵĿ⣬ȴЩһһɨ컪ʿΪҪѹڴ˵أʯӦڷᱮ֮Ĵڣ˿Կ֮ΪҪ
˵ڷڲʯȴԵЩײࡣ
üͷһ壬̧֣һ㣬ʱһָ˲伤ʯ֮ϣ̣ʯϵѷ죬ˡ
һĴʱһѷɽ֣£Ѹʯ֮ϣײʯϴܹô꣬һ֮ನɵ˺ʯȴҲΪӲ
֮ʯڱɽƽֵͷ˿Ĳڵʯĩˣüͷ𣬴￴ûκγ棬ܸоЩԾ
Ŀһץϣݺݵһקʱʯȫ֮£һıק


296 ɽ֮
¶ĲԽԽ࣬ʯ·ɫҲı䣬Ʊˮ͸һ㣬ȴûκˮ֡
Ŀյ˵˵Ѿķ꣬ɽ֮صƬ˵ڶ࣬ЩÿɽŴ򿪣кܶ˽롣
һʼûκ̤ɽƬҲǷëǣ֮١
Ͼ󲿷ɽƬѾйʿ㼣
ʯǷᱮһĴڣӦǷڹȺ֮⣬ʱȴ·¶Ĳֺ֣ʱ䳤ֵĺۼһȻԵɡ
ᱮȻǰĳɽ֮ſһʿΪЩܣѱӦڹȺʯ˵˵ء
Ļʯ·ӦĺۼҪ֪ʯʼûƶô棬ʱӳὥѲŶԣԲ㡣
ȷ뷨֮Ŀһͺһֶʱݺݵһקʱɳ̵ķᱮ׵ק˳һԡ
ʯקһ̣һ崿ɽ֮ȻӵĶڣƮɢһ˿ɽֺ֮࣬󣬽ɢļ
Ŀ¶ϲɫæ˫ָס˿ɽ֮
ʱȻԶ֮Уһƿֻһպ֮Уһ޴İ˽󷨡
һʿһѱ߳
һ֣ŷＲ۶ȷĿһ㡣
̲üͷһ壬˱װٶȣ񣬼
һ˿ɽֵ֮£һ𣬱һСҺһʡ
֪ɽ֮ԪγʯһĽᾧſԴ棬ֻΪǿʱҲǲȡ
ʿٶȼ죬ԶԶز쳣ʱɫһ䣬ȵס֣˵ţҲ֪ʲôٶʱ۶
ţʿΪһǻڣûаɫмԷ˵ʱ䣬ר
ʿԶԶĿֲû֣ͣӿٶɵһ߷һŭ𣺡˵Ҵ޽ǧǰѾ֣һУҴ޽ڽ׷ɱף
ԷԶ촫ֲδȫҲһЩ˼Цһ֮ܶɽ֮֮˵ʵڻ
Ѹһ˦֮ϵͭȦʱɳһһֻɫĴ󡡣
һ֣ʱ𸹲ڴ֮ţһ޴򣬴б³Զʿ¡¡ȥ
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ʿ˫ݺݵһָ򣬶ʱǱȻһӣʱһͬˮͰֵĽǱ֮˲ǿٵصľа㣬
ټ죬תۼ֮ϣһĺУȻһΪм˺ѿɢȥڵϣγɢ̵ӡ
ʿɫ΢΢һѪӿϺȥѱǴ޽߽֮һڶǶԿΪߣпɻӶ磬ͬȼʿԿֻٿرڵĽҲͬնɱˡ
ܱϾ൱ڻڵ۷壬˵û⾳ڣ֮ϾʿգܵĶعֶΣһ˲òȫ߶˵һǧ˰֮ƣչ˽
ܵôһִʱڳɹһ˿ɽ֮ϣУһСɫᾧ塣
ôһᾧȻ൱ڼԹеܺͣڵΪ𾪣һѽᾧ봢ڣ̧ͷĶʿ
ʯ£ѹǴ˹Ⱥ󷨵һۣ˵飬ٻһЩЧתվ쳤£ԶܵһЩ򲻵ɽ֮նתһ˿
Ǵ޽ڣȻ֪˵غʯѹסֹ˿ÿһʱ䣬ɽ֮ſ󣬶ˣ̶ɼ
֮ԲʹκνƣǵԴ˵֮ѹҲǣƣзⲨܽɽ֮ˣڶȻΪͨߣЩˣȻԷֶߣֻϸƽ⣬˵ؾͻᱩ¶ûУʯѹסһԣǿ١
¶һ˿ЦְǶ֮ϣݺݵһ󣬵Ǽʱ˵Ĳдۣ̱Ӵ֮Ҳ޷ת
ȻѾɱʲô޽ڣȡǵ¶ԷȻưոݣһ̶дۣöԷ´ȡ޳ĸ֡
ʿֱĶ֣һٴתͷ˵ݺݵһָ֣Ǳʱٴ˸ɽâһӣһ֮ղŴִһĽȻҪһ㡣
һһѪήһץűתߡ
Ŀһ˵һüģʱһâü֮˸һλ꣬ųϰգǽײһ
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ܵ򣬺¡¡٣ǽײһʱһƬƬ㣬ɢһգǽȴٴαɢСϵĹâ޹⡣
գڽᦵİ£۶ǽȻ޷в׾ٵıĳ£ɢһա
ֱᦰûκͣ٣ߵʿ׷ȥ
ʿ߼䣬ʶɨһۣʱ˫۵¶֮ɫôҲû뵽ԷȻ׾ٵıѽ⣬β
ɫ糣ĿƽԷǰѱΪŹ֣ǿڽɽ֮ǰʮֳ׼գǾҪ⽣ˡ
ܽɽ֮ŵĻʿÿһСٴʶ⡣
ڽᦵİ£ٶȼ죬ʿ֮ľ룬Ѹ
ʿɫٴʹǲ֪٣ʱܿ˿ʼʱٵ֮˫ٴγԭأ˿ֻҪ󷨣ɽƬڶ࣬ԼѡһͣԷȻ׷
ŰɣҴ޽ڹˣֻΪ͵һҵʦֺ˫뽵޷߳ɽ֮ţһЦ


297 ̥
ĿһȻʧڽᦺ֮Сֻڱ˿ȴǺѷֶߣϾʿʶҲֻǻڰˣֵʶȻ൱ڻڡ
˵Ϊһʶȴ̫ࡣҲΪδһֱ֣̲ڷɳһξ󣬲Ųֵԭ
һֻ̤ڣͷһԶ۶һźЦ䡣
ʱȻ֮ϣֵӰȻ֣һӳһ
ʿɫ̲԰ףôҲû뵽ԷȻô׷һ֮£ȻӭһɴСľ޴ͭ壬ݺݵʿס
ʱһ٣Уһ֮£ͬһסʧԭأʱȻ˵ϡ
ܲƽ˵
ϥأ˫ӡһ֮ϡ
ʱ𶯣ڴ֮©̫࣬Ҫڲ֮УʱһҽС
ʱԽԽң֮⣬һЩײȻʿʱԱ֮Ҫƻ˱
֪Ǳֿܷδ֪һ˫ַ죬һϵϣҲԽԽƵԽԽߣڷԽԽ
ϹʿһҪãˣϼ¼һЩӡԪ񣬶ԱȻǰǳֱ֮ˣҪȱΪԸߣĻױɡ
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ֻʯ߰˼䣬鿴һһز֪ǰϴһա
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زǶǿֻ貽ŵãʱ˵ȻƳʯڵıԵλãһ˿Ϣ£Ŀо
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Цһ֮£ɢڴһʵźһԪ֮ɢһա
ȴʿǰԪڽڣ׼ˣʱĶȹ֮£Ԫ񣬽ܲסķˣ֮У׾ٵ̥У


298 
ѹӵıʶһɨʱΪ֮ݣɫ¶ϲ֮ɫ˿ⱦصķ봢ڡ
ⱦ֪û뵽ⱦ֮ڵĹ죬Ȼᦣ֮ͬڿ̻ƣЩƣǵһĹԣһⱦܲ
ִһ㣬ڵĹƣ󲿷ֶǰδÿΪһ飬顣
ЩƣȻǶʱڿԲѹĵоͷʿµĴ
ʶڴһɨ֮ٴ¶Ź֮ɫ
ɽɱ˶ᱦȷջ󼫴󣡡֮̾
ڣֻƷһһö򣬻һǻضһ֣ǼƷʯֻȴ٣
ٸƷʯֵĶҲ̲סĿʶĿ˿ܣ漴Գ
ԼĶǲ
ʵҲѹˣϾȸǣƷʯΪټʵڴǣƷʯҲֻɣȻЩ
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ֻ⴫Ͼǹɽ֮ڣѰʯ޷ΨʹüƷʯҲʿڣΪô༫Ʒʯԭ
ͨ˽⣬֪ɽڵڶʿȻкܶ࣬һӵиԵĴ󷨣ֻЩһ˵ߣǶʿŻѡ֮󣬴¡
ĿһضһضǻصǣԼضǻصȸǣǻصأ
ֳضԼĻضֿһʱôĻص˴֮أôΣˡ
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ֶ˵óƷʯһ˦֮£׼ȷڰ֮󷨶ʱתĹâԽԽϸһƵͼһ֮
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⻭УĻɫƬڣʮ߸ɫƬγԱȡ
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һƬһ㣬ʱ⻭ʧȫ濪ֵӰʧڰС
ɽĳԵƬ˵ؿŰһ޴ѷ죬󺮷磬ڷ磬ƶ֮¡
˵ûɽеģֻһƬɳĮһĴڣԭǰҲɽˮ֮һλ˵ɽڴ˵أƿռ䣬γѷ졣
ڴ˽Ҳڻƿռһ̣𣬻ɱŰ֮磬ʼյĴϮƬء
ʱⱩŰ֮ϣһ󷨣˸⣬γһĻǷ⣬ֻĻζľңʱһ㡣
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˵ĵطôרһأֳۿĹĻζӾңһ壬ڳ
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֮䣬ֻһǾǷʣӰܲϵؿһ㣬ָоӲϵ䣬ԽԽ
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ʱЩӰɫŹֻЩӰȻһǧĵŮӡ
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𣬴ʱЩӰȻֽǰû˿㣬Щˣ߹
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һֱһ߳ԶֿɬһЦ֮ǰѾ֣Щˣǻˡ
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Щ֮ɷ֮ʿЩ̸Цʱּ䣬һָ֣֤ʲô
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̱ȭͷȥûаͣ٣
ڵˣɫ䣬˷Ӧ죬Ȼɳ鿴绯ľ޴ȭͷȴȻ١
һȭ֮еˣУʱ̮ɢһգΨȷɳˣ˸߲֮⣬סȭͷ
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ʱ֮ٱ䣬ڶˣӴϸλãڿնȥǵϣ¶ŭ֮ɫ
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ʦֵܶˣ«һԵĶڷȥ
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ֻԶĿ֮λһߺǣ⺡бڶڣһţ˹ɢں֮⡣


301 ̮
ʶһɨüͷһ壬⺡ΪŹ֣ͷɻҰɫɫЩΣҪ֪˵кǣ棬ʱ䳤ˣͷɫȻı䣬һʴ̬֣֮ͷȴûЩ
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ʦһԥͷǰ֮Ҫ֮̽ʱĿһǹΣԽԡ
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޵ʳղǱüģȻΪǡʦܵͷĿһ˵
ʦܲҪţȫ幥ûκηͨҶڷͨΪη壬ֻҪǱڣԸ̫ѣֻ轣һߣɰһնΪʦܹһЦ˵
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ʱѨЩϸ˿Ȼͷߣǹĺɫϸ˿ʶпһĻ󣬷ɽץʯ֮ϣʯ̱㱻ץС
ϵķȡʬؿƬĴ㣬ٶȣ˳һԼ۶ȥ뿪˲䣬Щϸ˿ص˶ѨڣţڴһҵǺɫϸ˿ȻһѸٻζֶ֮ߵķ׷˳ȥ
һ·ȻȫٶʩչһѨ߼䣬ָüģһλһɢĿġ
ӶߣֲԼӳλ꣬ɿʧ֮ĿǺɫϸߺƷһ㣬Ȼ߶ѨǴڶԼٶȣЩλһһ
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˿̣Ƿеĺɫϸߣֱײ£һܲס⴩͸ԵƻȻݡ


302 ̽
һһϵʱദһһ̮
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ʱ䲻ǽڴȻһˣһ֣ӣĿ֡
ϸ˼ۣһЦȭ˵ѣ̮޸ڣֻʣҶˡ
ЦȻףͷԼ棬˵ΪǷ䣬ЩѰζ
˵ؼ̮ѲѰȥ֮·ΪҪ֮أֲɫ˵
ʦܿ˿ܣûǰվԭأ˵һ·棬Ҳɽ֮
΢΢һЦܶʣ赭д˵Ѻγԣ
ʦĿһ¶֮⣬ЦѲع˼ɣףղŵһĻؿµ֪ĳǴ޽֮ˣǻС
һﲻ
˵䣬ǰһҪ߼Ȼ¶ЦЦ֮ɫһͣ
ǰһ¿Ҫˣɫ糣˵
׳ЦѣĳĨǣɽ֮ĶѨڣƷһΪ񣬶ΪɽΪɫƬ֪Ѹղţ˼
Ŀƽ˵Ǻɫϸ߻̫죬ûеõ
üͷһ壬һ۱㿴Ϊֻǻڣ˵ʶȴǹ죬ԼרŲ鿴ʶĹǺѷִ˸档
ҼˣԼҲڱЩɽ֮׷ʱһ˲䣬ŷ˴ڣط¼˶Էʶǿҵ˴˵λá
˶ȻԼһΪԣ򲻵ѣ
ҾⷬԻ˵ĴݲȣȷԷȻΪĻڣ޷˱֡
⻹һҲ׼ɵܵǽڣ¶һ˿оΣյϢϢǰ̤һһ˲ǿ
뵽΢Цıȭ˵ѣɽ֮ɣν޼֮ȣģɽ˽ղ´Ҵһɨ޷ȷںԣȻǷ⣬ǽƬ²²⣬Ӧĳ
ֵ˵ͷû˵
ԽˣױԽô˸Ī⣬Լ˵ЩضԷ֪˵ѣκһˣǶЩڶɽ֮лرҶ֣ȡرĻᣬԻϼ֣
¶һ˿΢Ц˵ŶΪҪ㣿
һǴ֮ˣ̷ӦЦֻҪɽȫ㣬Σ
ҡͷ
ɫЩѿ㳵ѣִҪɽǱȥҡԵѵļʶҲɽļֵ֮һȽϣȻԶԶƬһ𣬾޼
ֳƬ̣ɽ֮Ľƣǳʱ޷ţԼʱ䣬ǺѰɽУǰˣȻ֪ɽϵĹ֮
뵽΢΢һЦ˵ɽ²Ҫ
˿ɫͣЦȻˣ̽˶Σ
ҡͷ˵¶ƷҲȤ
㣡Ŀʱǹ˼ɶԷΪǰɱ˶Էôϻ
ѹŭ𣬰ԷԽˣԽ˵ΪĻθҶԼ˵
ֲɫĿһۣ˵ѣҪ°ȡɽǸһδȷõֵΪĪ꺢ͯúŪɣ
֣ѣҪʲôҲ÷ϻˣǶԷִⲻǰȥôԼðһԡ
ҿ֮ǰڰеЩռѷ죬Ԥƽ˵
׹һЦһĴһö֣һ˦֣֮˵ѰǴ޽ڵ֮ͨѣкη
ֽӹʶһɨ˵ѹȻˬ죬ҲŤʦִڣɫĺ«ңұðһ̽
Уûκԥֵϴĳ֮Ի޽ɵıص֮ѲҪΪˡ
üͷһ塣
ҧ˵ѣ˺«ǲܸģõҿԸһϴ֮ľľЧ˵ϴѷɫҲǲɶõı߱ɽ֮ĹЧ
˵ţΪʹĴӴóľʴСһɫľ飬ֿһۺ
ֳΪһϴķԼķɵˣ˵̸ֵ벻ֵ˵ɽ磬ΪΣգǺǻԼ̫պΪǿߣȻΣա
뵽ֵͷ˵ˣѴľңȥǶѨһΣܷɽҪ컯ˣ޷ãϴ֮ľͬҲ֮
׵ͷ˵Ȼϴ֮ľĳڸ㣬ȵ˶ڣٸ٣Ѽ£ĳҲҪһЩǲ
Ŀ΢һ˦˵Ѵ·
׶˵һһδ̮Ķڣ˹ȥһǰһ󣬶֮䱣һ룬Ȼ˭ҲŶԷڱ˴˷衣
ЦΪԼɽ֮ǿ֮£Լ˰óƴ뿪ɽĴۣҲȻһɱ˴ˡ
ҲΪ˼ΪҲҪһѰԭ֮һ


303 ˼
˾ǹ֮ˣиʶһ·ûκԥֱǶѨڣһڴնǶѨʮ⡣
λãԶԶĿԿڵĶڡ
ڲԶһߺǣǱ׺ʦ֡
ɽ֮޵ʳ֮ǿ׳ҵ˵ûκôû뵽˴޸Ȼô֮ڣһУΪǺɫԭ򣡵ѿ֪ɫΪλڣԶĶڣ˵
Ŀƽ˵Ǻɫйأļǵãһʶɨ£Ǻɫϸ˿Ǻ֮дÿߣǺǲʱԸһ졣
ѼʶǺɫǰɽ֮ʣ֪ԸַʽʬʶԪҲȫ£ʬ֮Уվ쳤֮£ӵ˵УΪĴڣԴ˵صɽ֮ڶ࣬¶ֳĺ״Ӵóöķڵܣ˵
ֳĬ
ѣһԷЩɽ֮Ҷپ٣һǺɫϸ˿֣ߣڸղϡ׳˵
ֵͷһ˦Ȧ̷ɳܣڵϡ
ܣͫһĿһۣĸȷһΪĻץּΪϡٵƷޡ
ʼɣƽ˵
׶˵˫ͺһʱı̷𣬻һ⣬糤һ㣬¡¡У۶ȥǶѨ֮ڡ
ʱڷһ󱦽ͷأڱֻ֮һ޴ţȻ˳ų̴ֺϷɳ䶯ϸߣ໥һ飬˹
һĻ֮ͷƤ֮С
һЩ䶯֮ϣǾߺǣѪܵ³
״һ֮ǰڵϵЩһһ鿪һ˿˿߲̣֮Щɽϸ˿ȥʱһƬƬϸ˿Ťڵϣϵس鶯
Щϸ˿ʵ̫ˣҲǼϢ֮£Щ߲̱֮ɢһգ׶˵ӺˣһɽһִĽ۶ϸ֮ϣÿһдƬϸ
ˣǰⶴѨͨڣǱʼյϸ˿ǲһеĳҪһл
ײϵĺˣĿһߵܣ̸߸߹ڴ֮ţſڣ¡¡ı֮춯һȻ³˸âڱ֮УȻǰȥ
ʱһƬƬϸߣǱոׯһ㣬׷Ťӣɢһա
һôҲû뵽ȻĶֵļɵ
ӵ֮¡¡ĳУӲ˳ʮԶɢһգЩϸ˿޾ٴ
˺һܣһٴιһ³һȦȦ绷У̳Щϸ˿
ȥǿͣ⣬ȥЩ޾ϸ˿ƺһ˺֮⣬ȻԸϣҪˡ
ʱһЩϸ˿֮дţȺϸ˿гһڵ㣬ִĺɫϸ˿䶯γȻηĳ
³¶ƣ֮ɫήҡڿǺɫϸ˿ֵ˲䣬һ٣ܻȦûаԥתӣ߼䣬һָüģλ꣬һɢߡ
ף¶ԥ֮ɫ̾һðڴ˵صЩϸ˿׷ֺ붴ѨĴ㣬Ͼ̫Σգвͻ³
ǣ˺һ̣ҲߣѡһѸ롣
˵򣬱ɫϸ˿ڣһ֮£ʱСգžУ򳹵ʧ
Ǻɫϸ߷ֻ֮ϣɫǴڣԴɫһ˿˿
һ͵ǰټ죬ʶ̽飬Ҳס
ѡλãȥס
߼䣬Ȼɫһ䣬һᦣϥأµҩȦڴ֮ͣվӣɫЩѿ
Ȧǰ˰Ȼ̫Ȧã׶ȴҲ̫󡣡ֳĬƬ̣һǰȥ
һ·ϣһλܵǽڴ͸صü֮һ㣬û٣ɵһ֣κߣѡڡ
ʱ䲻ԼĶѨڣϥأʶɢѰһھ˴ǧ֮һѨڣס
˿̵ףΪǱȫദ𣬿ԿڴһףǴ˼׵Եʣʹӹ׷
֣Ѫܣһָ
˿ϥϼΪʶɨ˲䣬ɫһ䣬̲¶ɵ֮ɫ
ĿһȻһڣչ۶ȥ
ȻһĻóҩΪʹһ£粻ȫϥ
ǧɵľ룬ڻʿ˵̫ʱ䣬˵ضȴ֮谭һ壬ڶѨ
ɫΪѿᵯĿ¶֮ɫ֡
־ɣΪ㻤ƽ˵
а̾ײ֪ʳʲôҩΪȻӸղŵѸٻָ˰˳ɣһֹϵķ֮ǰͷ
һȻû뵽ֻ˵ⷬȻţȴǻ˵͵ˡ
Ҳϥء
һֱСĽڵҩΪ׻ֵָĿ⣬Ҳл͡
ѣΪѾָҶ̽Σվӣ˵
ֵͷվһԵĶѨѸٷ˹ȥ׽
һ·һﲻܿ죬ٴǶѨڣ˸һ߳ǶѨڣȻϸ˿
Ŀһѣ˺Σұرָ֮𣡡˵ţһĴʱڷɳһѺɫӡ
Ȳ֪һ֣ʱһ˿֮ǽڣ˲һڱ
ڱɢתۼߣĿƽһǺһƣ˹ȥֻ֮䣬γһĿȻϢĴӴڣóľ
ʱЩϸ˿ȻٴδӶѨڳղûκϵļһ㣬һΣǺɫϸ߾ȻǰͷȻǱɱͷ
˫Ѹٱ仯ְüģʱԪ񣬴ͷһסȣס˲䣬Ԫ¶ʹ֮ɫƴһ롣
Ԫźȣݺݵǰһȣʱһɺڷ磬ϴЩӿϸߴȥ
ʱЩϸߣһͣסӣһƬƬڱգۼ䣬֮أȫ˺ڱ硣
׶˵Ԫ壬ǰһ壬Цѣ·ޣֻܷסʮϢһ㣡
Ŀƽ¶һ˿޵ĳ֮ɫ


304 ɽƬı
״ĺܺãôʱ䣬ڲʹóӵܣĿģΪնʹЩϸ߻ָ׷ɱ֣ӶʹԼߡ
Ļõ˱ϸ˿ȫ׷ɱ£ҲߣϾ߱ϸ˿׷ɱĳ̶ȣԶ֮ǰܱȡ
Ѿˣõ󣬰ǾߺӵϣһЩϸ˿زԶ
ĿһһֱڷˣöԷԸ˵ڱȷ죬ͰߵľС
Ǻڱӡܵ˲䣬ľϵ⾳ʱɢ
£żΪ£ҲΪ£⾳Уʱĸı䣬任ġ⾳ǿ֮
ռ꣬ʱ䣬˵˽⼫Ҳܹģ³⾳Ҫԭ֮һ
һ˿֮⣬ľɢ뵽Щӡĺڱ֮Уڱ֮ǿֲȥԿ⾳ɶһѶȣȴ̫
һ˿⾳ֵӣһ㱻׽ס֮ʣ׹Цڳ֮ʣڣһ֮£˳
Ա׸һֵٶȣһ֮£ȥһסϸߴڶѨ֮⡣
ѣϴ֮ľû£ôżء
һʱɫΪѿҲǹ֮ˣ˵һĴӳϴ֮ľ
һѽӹת붴Ѩ
İҲ֪ʱȣȻȥһ룬Ҫץʱ䣬æ
붴Ѩһ۾ͿְʬؿڴĽɫƬ˵ץʬеɽ
ָһɽ̲ҺһֶʱѪ㡣
ֿһۣתѨнᦻڳ֮ӣȻϺ¡¡ĳƶȥ
˫ͨ죬ĵĵͺһٴץ£һΣʹڳ׵ץɽ֮ϣʱȻҽһУâһѪԵ˿ڣǰҲУףڻ
֣ɽŭţӶѨڳм㣬ʱѾȥϢ뿪һ˿ܣٲ뿪ǾҪΣա
֮£ûп˵ʮþȣһ˲䣬ɫϸ˿Ȼһ֮£Ӻڱ֮гһĺУס
״ʧɫ¶֮ɫʦŵر˵ʮϢ;ʮϢôܰϢи
ȴ֪Ϊյɫϸ˿Ȼ߱һЩܣʮϢһϢ
ֵ⾳ʹúڱһ˿Ļһʹɫϸ˿ٴμһϢ
֮£Ȼۿɫϸ˿Ҫһ˿Ӱʱǵͷڿ뿪֣ǿҵĲʣӿļ䡣
˫Ŀ¶һ˿񣬶˵һĶͷһɫӣͷȻɢ¶δйʹ֮ɫ
飬ɹɹ齫պɾ͵ڶԪҪ֮û˴飬Ϊ̱ӻڣ̽ԪӤڡ
ױ˫ۡ
Ǻ飬˸â˲䣬顱һԱһɫĻβƣɢǺɫϸ˿׵壬̼һһ򣬿ֵסơ
ЩոմӺڱлָжϸ˿ȴⲨƳ֮£ûκģһһɢ
ܵĶڣҲƱһ㣬ɢһա
ԱܣȻﵽ⴦ɽƬٽ㣬ʱƬ֮еأȻ
֮У֮Ŀռѷ죬һһ֣ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ
ϣЩҽƱһ㣬гأҵĻζһ֮⣬֮ɢ
ţƬƬ棬Ʊ̻һ㣬ʼɢ
Ա˲䣬ʧԭأ֪ȥ
˵֣ӶУ̲·һɻԵͬʱ˲Ƶ֮ʱ
һ˵Ҫ˲ƣ̣ǿֹסĸоܵĴأ¡¡ľ졣
ɽƬ̲µһ䣬Լûʹ˲ƣĻп˲µɽѷ֮ڡ
İȫתᦣͬһ㣬۶ϣû֮ƣֵٶȣָ
ıȴٶȸ죬תۼ䣬ʶ̲֮ܰ⣬ȻһƬɫޡ
޺һŴڣϵš
ĵ׶ʱһǰ֮ıһֱתۼ䣬Ѿﵽʮɡ
ֵһ壬۶ߡ
ʼڳʮɡʮɡʮɡʮɡ
ɫ԰ף滹һξ룬˿̣ɼ죬Ȼ޷ǰ
Ŀ¶һ˿⣬һĴжһСĽᾧɽ֮ɡ
ʮɡɡɡ
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һֵ̣Ԫ񣬺Ҫһ㣬ڣʹͬʱҲһ˿ǿĺ֧ذ
ܵ޺ڰϵؽӽɡɡһɡ
Ȼϳȥ¡¡УһǴӵصһ㣬Ǻڰһֳ̣˳ȥٶȣ֮˵档
˲䣬˴ɽƬĴϣ̮һ㣬󲿷ֶѾΪڰޡ
£һƬڡֻвļγǺ֧صһʯ׶һЩҲϵСʧ
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յѷ࣬ģȴЩѷ໥һγɵһĺɫޡ
ֵķ𣬾ͺڻķˣϵգԽԽߣʱǰһ޴ѷ죬һγһƬޡ
һӳ˽ȥܶʱڰ֮Уһɹǿҵĺӿ˹⺮Ĵ̼£жʱһ塣
˵Լ壬ȥڲϵУһδϵѷٴγ˳
һ˿ѣѸѷ죬Ƭأ⴦ɽƬȫһ̣ڳ˳ȥʧڸ߿֮С
ԽԽߣԽԽߣģԶһ޴У˴ǵɽƬ֮ء
֮£һƽ̨ƽ̨ϣˣĿɿڴ
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ֵڵϣϥ£Ӵó߰ƿҩһȫУ


305 λ굴
֮µľ޴ƽ̨ϣλ귢һʵĺХתǻɭĿ⣬ʱƽ̨վŵˡ
Щλ꣬սλֵ꣬ǳνǷѾĻŽͨĸţЩ
ʵϣս꣬ջλ꣬Ȼʮֻǣմģֻһˡ
ЩλħͷǲܶԷʲôΪȫặȻηϣҲʼˡ
λһϣܷһʿûδ֪Ͼ򲻵ѣҲԸλ꣬ȫķһ
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λ֮УΪ⣬˻ԼġǶˣԼڰȻ£߻ôλǰԼպҲǰȫĺܡ
λмЩƽ̨ϵˣĿתһˣĿ⾼ͷһѸӵӡʱ˸
ˣͬȸǵľħˡ
һ۾ϳ֣˫ĿһĬ
ʱԱһµӣ˫ĿɭǼ䣬һ֮òڷһ̧ۣŲǰ̤ȥ
ħӣ˴һۣû˵һ˿ΪûﵽֻԪӤڵĴԲˣΪҲȡʿʵѻʯ
ǻСǰλԽԽ̧֣дʣģһźɫĻ棬гΡ
ɫһ֣ʱһˡ
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ǻɫһ䣬һӣʱжһѷɽһָ֮£ɽɨλȥ
Щλ겢ħͷڷͨһĵֻֿǽɨУֻǰһЩλٶһĴλ꣬ȴ͵س˲ߣȥ
ֻ߰λȻ壬˶ʱɫһ䣬ҧ⣬һѪѪһ̻һƬ棬ȫϥ£ͷɣҪڵЩλƳ
ڰĻ⣬λȻŰΧԵ˽ģߵĻ棬ζʱϨһ㡣
Ǳ׳Ļ򣬴˿Ҳһλ꺷Ȼη˻£˵һЩλȴǰ⣬Ϩ
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ۿܵĻ棬ʱϨ𣬶Щ֮ȴڶ࣬һҧһжһС¶֮ɫҪСصǡ
ֻ׼С˲䣬λ걣֮е֣Ȼ˫ָۣһץʱеС֣գۼɵС
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Ŀٴһ󣬺һ㣬߱Ļ棬ȫϨ
Ϩ˲䣬Ъ˹Ĵһ˲ƶ֮⣬ҪȥֻнɽƬ֮ڣΨһĻ·
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ģֻ˵壬Ѫ⾡ʧΪһõӣϣһλ껶궯
Ŀһ΢£ܵλ꣬һһɻأֶͷʧ
ʱһֱľħӣһЦǰ˵ѣʲô飬ȻŪǱԪӤʿҶ̰ġ
ֿ˴һۣ赭д˵ɽƬ
ħӶʱһ˫¶֮⣬˵ɽƬ˳һ˵꣬ЦԼⲻ˵˷ϻôǱȭѣɽƬӳ߾ǵ֮¾ħ֪߳γƺ
ҡͷ˵ҶѣţƬһĻֽסЩ£һᾧڣȻޡ
ţ߳˼Ȼ˫һ˵ѿȸϲ弶ϼ֮ˣ
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߳˰죬ȸǣĸ߽ʿֻˣԷ˵ϣɲŶԷȫԼţĳ弶ĺĵӡ
ĻļȻ᲻֪
Ҫ֪ħ壬ҲֻļˣͬȼҵΪע⡣̬߳ȣֻͬΪȻ¶
֣ɷһ˵߳ԥȻ˵
ĿƽŴˣһͷ
߳ǰ˴ƽ̨ıԵ֮λһӣʱγһĻ
ֲɫԷ
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Ŷ߳к£˵޷Ц
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ֽӹʶһɨĶҲ˲Ϊ֮ݡһ¼Ļ棬֮Уһﻨ֮أ˴ˮɽΪ
Ϊ۵ģһˮ̶̶֮ϣƮһʯײġ
ײϣɽɽӣ֮ǰĺǰѣΪơ
˫ĿͫһģʯײģûпһʯȻȫɣ
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ʱ䣬һζһգԶԶģһ½أ˵أǵһɽƬ


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䡱
ӰıըйϢȫȥ
ɫٱ䣬̺ˣȻ뵽ڶ֮ڣһֵ̣Ԫ񣬳˹
£
֣ݺݵһץ
ҪӰըĳȻ٣ҺһٴһѪ˿ֵ̣һצȻǰ¡
һ̣ҲƴˣԪᱻ˺Ŀܣһצһ˿ɷ
̧֣ǰһɰâ֮⣬ɢ׹Ԫ˺־ֽ̲Ԫɿ
á
һצ֮£һұۣһǻѪץУֻʧȥһֱ۵ĺɫ԰ף˫۽գڶѸ£
ְ̾һԪץסһ֧ëѸٻ壬ںڶ£˲䣬صڡ
ڣ̫ɱֱëŰյڣ۳ȥ
ֶΣѡŮݻ٣Ϊ֮ʱȻ޷ɹ
˵ûɱŮֱڣԶ䣬һдŮΪֹ񣡡Ŀһ¶һ˿
ΪԼܴﵽڣǽһսˣ̾
սʱ˵ֻϢѡ
ӣǷӣŮʬʬͷĴǰڳȥʱȻڴ¡¡֮ˡ
ͷվԭأűڣˮ
߳Ҳһ¡
ֿϿڱ˵תȥ˵ؼȻжƬص޷ȥǾΨ³
֮ǰͷսʱʶѾڵĵѰһ˿Ŀ꣬գۼ䣬صһδӡ
ûκԥ˽ȥ
ʬڵͷ˿Ҳתʶһɨ³֮ȥ̣߳ϧȴأ޷ٴʹֲ޸֮£æͷȱҪ
ö㿴֮ˣҪˣ˵ˣҪһ̣ɱ˴ˣɢ֮Уɺá֣ΪУһ˿İСҺһЩöŮʬ¶ŨŨ飬̾ͱã˵
Ůʬߣһ£üͷдһ˿ãŮʬʬͷķ׷ȥ
ֽ붴ѨѸ³ģԶȥ˵һֱƬᲨ˿̣Ĳ㣬ȫ֮
뿪˵صΨһ߳ˣ³Уİ
ϵ³ֿ֮ǰһĿһδǽһԵʯϡ
Ϣ֮һӰѸٶ·ʱһ٣һ̳⡣
ţ߳£ֺҲһ̷ɳ֣߳˵ΪͣСʬߣ
߳ͷ˼ͬʱǳڷɳ
ڳ˲䣬ͬʱһ
չڶǰģһΪΰľ޴󹬵Ⱥһ߼ʣеĹʯмһԶԶȥܸоˡ
мĹѵ죿߳
ʶǿһɨ֮£Ҳһ𾪣ȴмĹȫ죬ʯΰ롣
ˣҲԿ⹬˵Ĵֱʡ
޹Զһϲֻʬͷһ𾪣漴Ц
֪λ޹Ȼڶʬ壡ͷЦǰһ壬Ҫ⹬Ⱥڡ
ʱŮʬˣһǰ̤ȥƻȴֻʬͷǰ
öɱǾȥ֮УôܸоԼѾʼˡҺһЩʲôҺ񣬼˵һЩ顭Һ񡭡֪˭Ůʬ˵
ʬڵͷɫһ䣬̻ˡ
̧ͷ˶ԷһۣȻһͷײȥӤڵʵκײȥһµجΡ
ͷɫٱ䣬æ㡣
ӣʬҶˣΪλ겻ɢ⹬һʬ壬ϲȥңʲô׷Ҳţʬڵͷŭ
ĿŮʬһۣüһ£˫ۣٴʱоȻа֮ɫһƬδйϣ;Բܳ֡
ڰף
ǰһ̤ʱմһ
֮УˣһȼյǣͷȻȥ
ܵգ¡¡죬ٴοʼֻεıΪԡ
һ˺ѣкһֻεĴ˺㣬һ޴ѷ졣
ҵ⾳ǳաҵĵģöΪöĸԸȼյ֮ڴ
ǣգһƿ
һ˿ߵ˾ͷԹ޻ڣ
ͷɫٱ䣬ƿڴ̺ˣ֪ԷȻĩ·ֻҪԼڼԷͻɢ
û뵽ľͷԪȼգҾȻˡһ˿̾һ˿ź촫
һ̣֮ϺȻһһӴѹֵ壬ûκεֿ֮ʱĴӰ£ıѹڵ档
ٿ߳ǲ˱ͻȻֵѹȻѹڵصףûκ֮
ϵĹ˿ҲУȫ̮ΪĩΨмĹҲ˱ѷ졣
Ĵ󺧣𾪵ȼյǣһƬհף־Ȼ˲ɿܵĲ
ԭǵϧȴľͷʦ˵ŵߣϦԭ塭
ŵߣϦǲ䣬ҲǳŵϦӡպһ


318 
ֻһȭͷСĺɫӣͷֻӣһ֣̱ɫҺ壬뵽ȼյ֮ڡ
һ̣֮ȼյĻ棬ȻϢɢһȫɢâĹˣ֮䣬¶źпʬڵһ㡣
ͷҪ㣬ȴ־Ȼ޷ƶӣɵɫ԰һ𾪵
ʶɬ˵
ҵһɽ磬㡭⣬ǿӸңĿģҲ֪˿̣ףȴڡֻأһѡ㡭ͷһۣǵͷŻŮʬ
ӵг˲ɼļ֮ͣһһԽһͬţհݵΨһһӤڵĳΪʦ˺ƽƣΪ
̣֮ʦ궦һΣɽ磬ȴ˶û뵽һȥˣ췭ظĸı䡣
ɽ֮УżȻһŸ¥һۣͿڴϵŮʬӴ֮󣬹ʹģʧԼ
УŮʬԼһС
ΪŮʬѳʦţʦʹļףȴɱͽ̾ȥ
ʬӡȵһϵҥԣ̴ȸǣһУ޷Ӱڡ
ų֮⣬Ϊڲ֪УԽԽΪӤʿ
ʦʶʧܣԪ֮գվ⣬һ򣬾졣
˺꣬ǳΣȥڴ٣ȴʼգڵӡ
ʱ˿̣һĻĻ
ʬڵͷ˿ȻʶڣûκĲ죬Դݻһеķ
һƬ˵û飬ȴһɺƿ̹ĵ⾳ٴεͷŮʬüģĿһɨֶ߳һۣգ߳ϣƽ˵
Сֵܣչҵӣɺã
߳壬ʱһӵصץȻ
⡭
üͷһ塣
߳ĿɬŲԸҪʬ壬һڳ֪£պӰ̫󡣵˿̣һʶʿյУû˸Ҳͬ⡣
Ը⣡߳˵
̧һӣҡͷ˵Ϊħ峤ȻǣĻᲽҵĺ󳾣ˣ
˵꣬Ŀһɨϣ㣬Ըң
̸оѹһᣬӵվĻĬˡ
ӣҪά岻䣬ÿǧ꣬Ҫǧ˵ѶȣӦòСֵܣͬ⣿Ŀ֣˵
Ҳұ֤Ūô񡣡ֳĬ˵
΢΢һЦ̧ͷ˿գ˵ãСֵܣΪǧУҲװװң
û˵
˵꣬һץʱδ̮Ĺʱһ
ڰУЩγһ˻ŮʬһۣһףŮʬʧڡһ㣬ǱʱСַȥС
ⱦ˲䣬һ˿֮ʱڣԪ֮Уһӡǡ
ⱦ֮ϣҴ˿ʶڵ⾳Ҹ֮طųڴ֮ڣΪ߹Ҵ˿֮ˣ˿㲻Ը֮½֮ڡ
΢΢һЦֵü֮ϣʱһָ״Сĺɫʯüķɳһ֮£֡
ʯһ֣˴ƬıΪ֮һ٣һ̣ʱֹͣһ㣬֮ڣɢһ֮
ڿʯ˲䣬ֵ껯ʱֻ޷ķ֮ɵ
Ҹĵһʶ֮ãгһտԴﵽʶڣɰ㣡
ʬڵͷ۾ֱĶʯ¶ǿҵĿ֮ɫⶫļֵ̫ˡ
˵ûκ֮ͨȴһʶʿմﵽʶһ̣֮Ȼͻɣܻãʶİգɡ
ΨһãʹʿʶתУԶһѡ
ʶʿʧȥ˴Ϊõ˲ֱ˵֮Ҳ˿á
ҲǸող۶ɡ
߳ҲǴŴʶ֮ϾǾħ峤ʶǷһ۾ϳĲŨĻ⣬˵Ҳµ˰װչӣȴû뵽Ȼ͸ر
֪ˣղŶȻ°ԥͬ⡣֮⣬⻹ֻǵһôпܣеڶ
߳еĻڣȻﵽ¡
˵ı飬У¶һ˿߰һʬڵͷ̲ܿƵǰץС
ĵڶǴˣʬڵĴϣԲɱ㣬ҪǧūͣԸ⣿Ŀƽ˵
ʬڵĴϣھԵ֮£ǰֻѡ
Ԫǧ꣬ǧūͣɱҰɡͷɬ˵
Ѱұȫ㣬ʣķɿܣ˵ΪήһЩҲ͵ĵڶ̧֣ͷüĵȥ
ֻϣʬڵĴϣ̽ɢ
ָ٣߶ͷڳˮӰ޵ķŴ˵Ԫǧ꣬ΪͻƣﵽӤڣȻӲ٣ʬڵԪ㣬Ҳкܶ෽
ָ˲䣬ɬ˵ͬ⣡
ûͣ£ٶȸ죬üģͬʱһֻ֣һֵ֣ɼǰȥ
һ֮⣬üֶڣִһֶֻ֣ͷʧ
ӦʬڳϵһֻҪԼ֪оֻͷһͿôԪ
ʬڵĴϣ̾һΪȻĳֹ˵ū̩μˡķɬŨ޷Ա
߳ĿһĻ⣬Ѿ졣
Ӥڵūͣ⡭ܵõȥڣҵݣ峤̻Ϊ峤д֣ȸ´ߡڲԥ
ӣ˿Ѿȼյĩ·ʵɢ֮⡣Ŀһܣգ֣չ˺
صĵ˵ͷǰһĻת伫죬ڣҲЩŻ˽
ֵͷ΢΢һЦ壬˫ſʼɢϣʼնǴЦݡ
ʦһĵӡ
ʱȻеıͻȻ룬̱˸׹⣬ֻŮʬȻԶڷɳƮڰա


319 
һĻʱˣΪ֮һ
Ȼɢһӵȴûκξ֮ɫĿƽŮʬ
öҪ֣ȥ
㲻һȻŮʬڣĴ˳
һ̣ͻȻУ¡¡죬һƬŮʬһ仰֮£̱һСȻ̮
޾쫷磬Уѿ
Ůʬģ˫ۡ
顱顱
۵ɲǣأȻѣһѣǽ˲㣬֮ͬɽصƬͬʱ
˫Ŀ¶֮ɫûκԥѸٺˣ߳Ҳ¶˼֮ɫ
ΨʬڵĴϣһ˿â漴ʲôתŨĿ־塣
֮һ
һ⣬ӵѵ֪ٲ£Ȼ˸δٽ̸оһǿĽ⣬
Ůʬǰһ̤һץס⣬һأ͸ޣɽƬĽ֮Ȼ
Ůʬס⣬һȻȼؿڵʱԪ̱ѽ֮С
ػǧ꣬㣬йΪɽ֮꣬𣡡
عͷĮĿֵһۣĿϣϸĿһۺһ㱦С֡
һн⻯һɽһյѷڣޡ
һ̣ɽеƬ֮ϣκһʿʲôɫȻһ
භ֮ˣҲͣ֡
ɽĵһƬϣһʿȻ̧ͷ¶ɫ֮ɽûֻ֮ɽſӵƣǲ֪ǵڼ¶һ˿֮⣬һѸգĿңӿףŽ֮۶ȥ
ɽһƬڣһߣ̧ͷ죬¶ݣ˵һ̤նȥ
֮ɽôҴ޽˴ʵȻֹϷӵޣÿƾɽȡɻٿش˽
߿գʱһͷ˫ǵľ޴룬ڰֶһԾͷϣͷһΣǼֵɲǣ˴ƬȻ
ѷĳ֣׷ѣգۼ䣬ܱɣޣȴǶûκӰ죬һ֮Уʧ
˵֣ڵƬȫ߳Ȼˣһ֮ɫ
ִ̣߳ȡ
յķ϶ӳƬȻޣ޴ڣϵɣХ
߳ѹ˵Ӵọ́ǰһס
Ȼأ˿̸һ֣ٴѿһ϶˿̣Ҳ̫ܲ࣬߳ǰһ壬λá
ֵӣͬʱ£ѡģȻǶ
̩ĿŮʬʧ֮һۣһ֮£ϥԡ
̣ħر֮һϧȴһдƷ̩ƽ˵
߳Цҧٿأ̻һ֮⣬֮С
ţмΪΣգ̫أʻԶӦ⿪ӡϷɱƽصȸǣΣ̩Ŀһ֣˵
ղųƺ֮ȴǴΪڳòӣ˿һӤڵʿܸԸΪū˵ǳܴ֮裡
ڣ޲ɱ֣ɸʬ
ȲüڻشϷҲװ⿪ӡڵĿܣڣպİȫҲбϣңһ㹦˵ɣʲôҶ취Ū
⣬ɵҩҲУֻҪͬ⿪ӡһк˵̩˵
ֿ̩һۣĿƽ˵ǰΪȻԸΪūͣף֮±˵ڲᣬǻᣬҲ̽⿪
̩üͷһ壬ȵСĪǻΪԼӲɣ
ɫ糣ҡͷǰͣΪңǰĪ϶Ǻͯɣǽ⿪ӡǰҪĵһ飬ɱ°ɡ
̩ɫ֣֮󣬺ȻһЦֻЦݣȴǳ֮⡣
˵ɣοϽ⿪ӡ
ҡͷЦҲӡ֮ν
̩͵վӣ֣һһֵ˵С𾴾ƲԳԷƣϷΪʬȸǵĴϣӤʿҲˣ˵ּ伴ɱС
ĪҪΪһϷҲ㣬Ҳֻӵ꣬Ļ꣬Ļ꣬ǹײĵʬڣԪ𣬵ͬʱҵĻҲɱ
΢΢һЦ¶֮ɫ˵ǰ˵ЩĿģֻǽ⿪ӡһ;Ȼ֪ͲҿԽ⿪֮ӡ
̩֣ϸĿ˼ۣ˵ãѡ֮ˣǵȷˣ⿪ӡ֮ԻȥѰң֮ǰҪһˣȰһأһϷŻģҲعǣϷģ⿪ӡ󣬾ԻᲹ㡣
Ŀ˵̩֪ǵ꣬ǷӰ졣
ģҲģ̩Цһץֱץ
ūӡȣ֮ɢǰһ̣ݸֵһ仰
Ŀƽ̩Ҳ㡣ֻ̩һץץ˲䣬һ׹ִڴţǱ𣬰׹ɢ
׹֮Уһ˿ʶڵĳ⾳
̩Һһ̺ˡ
Ŀһֻ˵̩ܿȴû˵̩еĻ꣬²֪٣£ȴǲöԷߡ
뵽һ̤ű͵س˫¶֮⣬Ц̩ⱦϵ⾳˵ֻ貽Ω㣬ȴǰг֣ר֮
̩ɫǱ֮ϵ⾳˺֪ڱūӡԭ
ӲϺˡ
ֲǰݱ䣬ȵɣ»֪ʬڣȴǼΪ˽⣬ǹײڵʬĻ꣡û´ʬǱ˵ĻǲŶԣĻ꣬Ҳһǲл꣡
̩ɫѿɳƵ˵ţһԣ
ֹһЦĿ⾼̤ǰȵ̩ĪΪ²һԣǰΪΪⲻȵĻһɣвл꣬ǰҲڣֻΪףԸɱ㾹Ըɱ֮
̩Ŀ˸ߣģȴǲɵòһ˿ɣȷΪΪС»
ѵ˵ڲ֪УԼһмڣ
̩һ
̩ɼǵǰŮʬǰѴңѵк壡Խ󣬳Ϣ˿̵жṳ̋ǰ硣
̩һϵеĻ˵ģȻӣˣ


320 
ʲô壿̩лңɫȴǲ¶㡣
ֹһЦǰȵĺ壬Լɣջףֻ˵Ըþ
̩ˣһΣٶȼ죬ԶԶ˿˵ϷСһʶ꣬ɷֶΪҿϷη
˵ţѸԶȥҲץֽ֮¡
վԭأ̩Ӱʧ˿
̩Ϊ̫ߣūֵͣӣգǰҲû뵽̩ȻеĻꡣ
Ļ꣬ΪҲ󽵣ڻ¼ˣĻ̩ҲᱻҼ仰ߡİת߳ڵ̷ȥ
֪ղŵһĻƽʵڲ׻¶˼֮ɫ˿̶Ȼˡ
̩Ļ֮꣬Ϊū
Ӽۣܿصϡ
֣̩ΪʬڵĴϣպֻҪСġ߳ѸղŵһĻȫУ˿УȻأΪħ峤ײԸµˣϲù㽻ܡ
һ·ֵһб֣лǣмᶨΪҲǾˣȻ߳ύ֮ġ
΢΢һЦ˵޷ǰ˵дãĻղҾԪԱĻ꣬ڽӡִ˻˵ļΪݣɫûа㲨϶̩ԶʶҲ̽
߳һûڶʣǵ˵ͷרĲٿ̣ʧ֮С
ߺûã̩ԭأĿʧķ粻
С˵˵ȫţӦа˳棬ĻڵΪ֣ʱ˴ݣߣ˵ôҲԸԪԭʹǲ֪ãкָ
̩Ĭһǰȥ
ǺοɡСɱãã鷳ǰƵļˣָԪ˵ȷĻڣĻ겢δȫɳһԪΪ󽵲˵ԪҲʧ
̾˿
߳ڵ̣ٶȼ죬ֻǣʱϵѷ죬ԽԽ࣬ıԵգ֮ͣУ޷ǰС
һֱɫһﲻ
֣Ѿ޷ãֻܿԼˣֻ̫֮Σգ߳ӴϷһɫ
⿴һۣ˵ֻ֣̣߳һ
ֱ֣ȸҲҾħһǰǨȸʱʣµģϧȴбϣصҪչء߳Ц
ɫ糣Ц֣߳ʶ̣Ҳһͬĳ㣬̣һ޸
߳һ˫Ŀʱụ̂ٶ˵û·ָ֪²뿪֮أ쳣вͻһЩԵֿ
ܰ޸ãҶ˶ᰲȻ뿪֮أ߳ûţΪλ޸⼫Ϊټ̣֪ÿ˶ܣǲ˵˷³ç
΢Цֻƽ߳
߳ףϿҵ˵֣̣װ޸κҪ󣬵˵޷
ҡͷ޸̣̫أһҲʧԣ޸ɹ̣Уּ߳¡
߳ɫ䣬Ĭر˵ڼϣǾôˣвʡ
߳ΪѣҲΪ޸Ȩ߳ѡº͵Ц
̧߳ͷһۣһЦ˵֣˻棿
ǧȷֻǣ֮պʱĪҪܾЦ
֣߳ж϶Է˵Ǽ٣ܿ죬ȻһЦȥ²⣬٣嶼һ
ţԼıƣɱ˶ᱦͷմ̣Ҽǰ̸ˣҲĵײϲǲպ󶨻ȫ˵ȷ͸ϣȷ߳ѡ
ţΪˣǵõʶ֮ұУţлΪʶ֮ˣύպ壬
뵽п˵֣Ȱ߳ѣС֮ˣ̣պ裬ڵЩϼһӣȻ׽Խգұ㣡
Цȭ˵л
߳˵һ٣֣Ĩȥӡǣԥĵݸ֣Ц֣̣ˣ
΢΢һЦ˵߳Ϊһھͼ
Ϊ㻤߳˫ĿһٴĿһۣ֮󣬵ͷ˵֣߳Ľˣľǣ
Ҳ˵ϥգһĴóʯ˫ӡϣҺ
ɫ䣬üӿִλֻ꣬λ꣬˸޷߳ͻȻ֣ᱻλ裡
İٶɱ¾ָκˡ
֮󣬽Һǰţɢ˫ɫΪ
ụ̂ƾմһ̫࣬ɴˣ˵أȴȴ죬Ҫ׺ܶࡣ
ֵڽҺںһ˫ֿӡԹеַʼ˼
Ͽ̻ķţ˸ʱĶȹԽԽķ˸졣
߳ʼأʶɢܰϷ裬ʶɢ̫㣬Ͼ֮ڣΣ̫֮ࡣ
ʶɢ㣬Ȼڰеһ㣬ЩΣָ֮˷
ּһ־ӡ߳һŲܶʮڣʶԶԹ
ţؽң߳Ϊ˶أĺʶ֮ˣ϶ȻнƣҼõպҲһ鷳ϼǿڶ࣬ҲΪ»ˡҪģԼǾóرҲֻɰսʤˣһ粻֡
ʱ˿̣̩Զ˲֮أĿ⾼
ţȻ޲̣򵥣ʱ֣߳ɰտͷδ֮ǰһ֣ǲǰʮ㣬ֱʣȴǵòʧΪѡΪѡūӡ̫ԵֻһɻԪʵ˲ȥġ
¶ԥ֮ɫ֮󣬰̾һðգ꣬ı꣬򲻵ѣʧ
պǰ̣˸֮⣬ϵйӷţȫϨ
֣˫ۡ
̲߳˹
֣޸ˣ


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һƲл꣬Ϊ
ŭһŮʬԵɽץȥͬʱ˫ĿΪɵɨһۡ
ԶԶĿһĻУӿһ˿


325 ͻ

һ⣬һ̣кȻ
ƣɽɽˮˮԼ
ֻ⾳ĵһ㺬塣
ʱֿɱѩ͸ëĻʿһ̣ҲҪѪȾѩһĻ飬Ϊ֮һԼͻƵļ
ֻһ֮ʱˣȴ˵Уʱģȴû˱仯⡣
ԽԽ
ööִ֮䣬ȴ컯Ūˡ
˵ǽһڣС

һƬˡ
ϣӿֳһɿƿ⾳һ̣⾳ͻͽףԼΪҪͻˡ
ڣңԶ
֮⾳ͻΪҪֶΣһ⾳ͻƣôΪͻһ˵ᳬʮꡣ
ͺñһֻȭͷǰСڵҺ壬ȻҲֻô࣬⾳ͻƣȴǰ˵ֽ׶ΣڵҺ壬ȭͷô࣬û˾ޣٴСʱΪͻơ
ʱ޽ڵĽٶȷɿ죬İŮȥһ죬Ŀ꣬һһСɽ
ŰŮӣģһƬհףûһͷߵľٶȴƱˮ˹֮ڣȼ˷ŭ
һּӿֽ⣬ʱˣһѾ޴ĽӰԿٶȣХȥ
⽣Ӱ£Ϊ֮һسѡ
ɫһ䣬ȡܸоǹɽ⣬һɻһе־
ûκԥתһ˫ֺʮʱһƬǰһ֮£ĽӰȥ
顱
߽һѪǰǸɫָӡɢһࡣ
ָӡ̫ԵϷˣ޷ȫΪѾȡһɽˣȥ˵һ˺ʱѿһ޴ĿӣѿǴ޽ڣһҪڡ
ʱĽӰٶȸ죬һɾ˵ĺХĳ
ɫ䣬˵תѷ죬ͬʱһ٣һֱſڵޣԴһΣһ⣬һͬʧѷڡ
ѷѸٺϲĽӰȴϵ˲䣬˽ȥ׷ᡣ
ɱˣĲع飡
޽ڵһ٣ĳȥչˡ
һзļ죬ҲǼ䣬ѷʧܶʱϰٸΪȵʿ׷װĿ⣬ͶǴӰۿҪ䵽ϵŮʬϡ
ŮʬߣɽˣŨصĺ
ŮʬҪصһ̣Ȼһͬɽһ׹⣬Ⱥڣٶ
һҧ֮һжһŮʬ˸䣬ͬɽʧڱڡ
̣˵Ŀ⣬ȫתƵϣЩĿУ̰֮ɫ
ߵ߳ʱҲɫ粻֮ɬһЦ˺󼸲Ĭ
Ŀû뵽ŮʬͬɽȻɵԼһ̳Ϊʸ֮ġ
λѣɽһѣһԪڰˣƽΣʱһߣǰ˵
̸ˣǵĿ⣬ε¶̰֮ɫǵĽŲûͣ٣ǲǰ
ڣ˸ڣ඼ǻڡһɨĵһ
ܵʿ°ˣΪǻڣԵֿ
Ԫڣʲô⣬ѣһɽħţƽһӣǰۻԪˣ˵
ԪڣħţֻСˣɽ־ڱصãһЦȺдţһӰѸٴȺгֳȥ
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ڵ⾳ҲϷǰŪ¶һ˿мӲδͣٶȸ졣
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ֻԻڵ⾳ڵΪȴѻʯ
ЦԪ⾳һҪɾĥԷ⾳
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ͼֻкڰ׶ɫΪͼһ֣ȴ֮ˣֹ¶֮ɫ
ʲô⾳
Ժ⾳ڰͼΪľ֮У
ֻأֻᣡ
ڰ򵥣ɫɫ
ֵӰ޴ͼ֮ǰһֺֻĸоŻߣ£Ϊ
ǻߵ󣬺ȻһϵӰӰУԿˣͰ¹ڵϵһӣ˵òΪƣʱӡ
˵⾳Т
̣Ӱȡ֮ģǸڰ׻档
һ͵ſ˫ۣٴһѪ˶ʱή˫Ŀ޹⣬⾳ƣıǿĥ𣬻ڵΪû⾳̵䡣
̾ǰһ̤ʳָüġ
顱
ߵͷ­ʱһƬѪըӣ̵¡
ҵΪǻڣ⾳ȴڸղţﵽ˻ڣ⾳ﵽڶΣڵĺҶһսο㡭¶֮⣬һ
һĿ֮£֮ˣ׷׳Ĭе̰ɫȴûɢ㡣
ǿֵ⾳˵ǿ󣬵ȴֻһˣգɣ
Ŀƽ˵㣬ô


326 ȸ
⻰һ䣬̺¡¡£һ޴ɫײģײȻһǰ֮⡣
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ʱЩʿ׷˱ܣ¶ɲ֮ɫ
ײ֮ϣϥһߣ˳ֺĿת֣¶֮ɫ
֪߻˵
ɫ糣ЦȻ֪һ·ϣһֱ档
һ
ʬڣܵʿУһϳɵɫ䣬ʧ˵
ʬһ̴󲿷˶ɫ΢䡣
üͷһ壬ķһӣʱǰʿ̿ѪӺƱһɴײ㣬ԶԶı˳ȥ
Ӥ䣡ܵʿ׷˺
ʬڵߣһת֣ȻһЦ˵СһΣҰЩ˶ɱˣһǧɣһǧ꣬Ҳȥ㣬ҲûеԪΣ
Цһǧ̫ңǧ֮ˣָΣ
һݺݵץһͷŭĵˣûǧ꣬ҪȥһԪ񣡣
һ̣뵽⣬˫ͨ죬ĵŨЩݺݵĵһۣһܵʿȥ
һʿ˺Ҫ뿪ǵΪһӤڵʿûаֿ֮
һɱ
߳վԭأЩһɢʿһ
ɫʼ糣Ŀܣһﲻ
ã߻ϣɢŨصɱ˫۸죬֣֮ǰһ˦һö̻⣬ץС
ǧ֮ڣΪһΣҺúûţ˵꣬תһ̤ͬײģڿնʧ
ֳĬһĴ̷ɳһԾ棬ͷ߳һۣ˵֣߳ɣǻȸǡ
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ղ˺˼⼸֮£֮Ľ飬
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ģһ飬˭Ҳ˵߳Ҿħ巢ģ߳ص˵
ʱȥ̵ٶȣҲһЩʱգһƬԵǾ޴д
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ֻƬϵˣѾ̩ɱһ˵Ҳ֪ɽչ˭С
ھЩʱ̣߳ǰȥܿ죬µƽ̨ϡ
໥ۣһȭЦ֣߳ȸټ˵ţһĴضС
ֿ֣߳˵֣лᣬҪҾħ壬Ҷ˰ѾԻ
ֹһЦ˵ͷлضʱǰһ޴Уһɽ磬̧Ų̤֮Уʧ
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ǰ궦ɽ磬֪֮˱࣬ǰȸ̳֮ϣÿһεȸ֮ʱе弶ȫټڴˡ
⳯ովһ룬ͻȻ䣬һ޴кնڣɳһۣغֻ˵һ֣̻ԡ
ţ
Ǻǰҧг˵һ֡
ڳ弶ʹߣ̺һˣ󣬺ϱۣţĴţͬһ㣬ȸڴݿ
ţ֣һ̣պ磬ȫȫѹһͷΪȸϣĿǡ
˶ڲ²⣬ţĸʿ
ʱѣ˵ţݡ
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һ¶ˣǰħ峤عٴ߳߳Ļع飬ڶʿİݷãȸɳһˣǰйţ顣
ţκ飬߳ʼձտڲ̸ձȸ˵ѯʣ˵һ仰
Ҳֻ֪֪ǽţΪɲ⣬ں˵ĶԹ²꣬ǺѼȣţ֮²Żᷴ˵֮аԣԪɢ
߳˵˻չأлһзÿ͡
仰֪α˴̣ţ֣ٴˣ˵Ŀͳ̶ȣʹţƴ
ȸĺƺתͨȸһ
ţǵսδҵң
ţ㵽˭ʣ߳дڣھ󲿷ʿڲ²⣬ţ˭
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ţҵһҵţĳļСڣһӣԶ
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꣬Ѿ࣬ʼûϣ죬ʿҲٻ߳ɽţ˵ˡ
һգԶߣ⣬⽣֮ϣһ͵ĹĻˮ⣬Ļڣһһٶˡ
ͷ߷ףŮʮ߰꣬ݣΪ
ʦ·ļӿ죬ҲһķŮЦ
ʼڷܣʮڣܽᵤ߹һЦ
ʦ˵ţӦʲôΪȻܰȸ֮ŮһۣĪǴﵽ˴˵еӤڣŮȻʵ
ţǰˣΪʦ۵ģΪʦ˵ΪӦǻˣӤ䣬Ļϱۣ
߻˵꣬Ȼǰ¡¡Уһ졣
֮׵Ȼ׹֮Уһ޴Уˡ


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֮Уӿֶܺ¡¡ɢ
ãɫ䣬һץסߵӣۺˣͬʱ̷ɳһԱ⾵һֱǰٵת
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¶֮ɫҧ֮£һŮȵߣʦΪֵߣ
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ĵӣĿǰһĻ˵
߳İ꣬ɫ糣˿ܣĿͶʦͽϡ
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ȸǣһˣӭӡԼһһ٣º͵Цѣȸǣʲô£
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ŮҪ˵ʦס߽֣˵ǰȸûзκйţͨ
ЦԹߣŮһۣһĴóһСƿҩǰһӣЦСѾͷֱĿ죬ʦǿƿҩᵤкôˣ˵꣬һʧԭء
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Ůƣһֱ˱ʮ̲סһ䡣
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ʵǰվͻضڴ͵ĹУȻ˱ʣλƫȻ͵һûκ
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뵽ɭֲɵ뵽ӡ
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Ǵ޽ڵߣΪ̫ǿĪʶʿϧûʶϹ֣޷˼ΪҪһЩһ׼ҰӵǰǺεΪҵԱߣ֪ǰǷ񷢾ְ
˴ɽ֮УջΪḻֻڣŮʬȴЩ鷳ǰ֮£ҼȻӦͲܷڣֻǲ֪ǰ׷߶ȥΡһ߷Уɿһͷ
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ûаͣŲƶ·
ʱȥһºվһŴ⣬ҪóƷʯȻһʶһɨ˺óһ
ƷʣӦñȼƷʯߣ֪ܷʹÿŴ󡭡ֳĬ֮С
󷨵˲䣬˸δйĹţ󷨺ȻһܾȻһϸܵĹѡ
ͬʱһõĻ棬Ϣǰ⻭֮Уа˸˸Ĺ㣬֮һɢ˸Ĺ⻷
һۿܵĹԽԽأϸ룬Ŀһһ֮ϡ
ʱһ̱ڱ˲䣬ϵ̵𣬱һץУͬʱӣһɴգۼ䣬ʧˡ
˴Ŵʧ󣬷һ̻ɻңɢֻµϣһǳǳĺۼ


328 Ķ
һδּͣȥɽʱͨǿĸоֻоΪݣ̣ɢֵӰڲ֪һŴڡ
ʶһɨ򶨣Ҳɵ¶֮ɫ
˵ؾħȻֻʮһδͣŴַǧԭҪһ²ɵ·;Ȼգۼ䣬ȹģɵЩ𾪡
ͷһɫǴףΪңڵ˴Լʮ֮һ
ղŹŴϳֵ֮ӰֺȻ򣬻ǹŴ÷Ʒʯֻܿһ㣬ֻʹ񣬲ſ԰Ѵ˴ӵȫӶһѡ
һδͣͺķʮ֮һ˵в٣ҲĲⲻٴͣںķȸǣ͵ˣ࡭ԳһЦһǰȥ
ֲ²ȸǣʵˣ˵ûУʵ̫ˡ
ΨȸĸʶϹ֣Ż۵ʹ͡
ַм䣬ϵȦĵڶս˼ΪأȻڱıԵ˿˵ӡȦڣƵʣȴǴ֮ǰļһΣһΡ
ףԼȻܣǺѻ
λص֪ܷκãҲдѣֲ֮ˡ
ţںȻһ˿΢ĲڻӦһ㡣
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˿̣¥֮⣬վˣ˾ǰ׷Բԡ
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࣬˵ˡôֳһӰһȥʼ޷ǵľ֮⡣
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ĽŴ⣬֮Ҫ˵Ȼ쳣ĺҵĿ
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ĽַϣƽһǴĿĵѪȥգӺЩҰǵĻ黹ǡȥɡ
࣬ͬʱڣ¶ı֮ɫ˵һֱĽУʱ䣬ĽȴûԴҪЮΣǶ˳֮˷ǲľ˰յһ˿ԹޣȻɢ
ŷӵѾо˶ֻ꣬Ҫɹ壬ָ˵
ĽҡͷûеģɣҲֻѣʮѾ֣˥ϡٹ꣬Ҿͻ׷ԲԡңڣǴ˽ӡ
ɬ˵ǿѰħİʿѾħʹߣħ嶨Ȼֻ֣ҪͦһʱС
ħ塭Ľҡͷ˵ھħУֻΪĹ߰ˡңžħΪţ峤֮£һĪչϾ˼ǡ
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쳿Ц˵ţ֮Ůܱһ۵ǰˣҳ֣δ˵
ȥɣҵ˼λڱչصĴϣҰѻǺ󣬸뿪ɡĽ
أһ߰ɡ˵
Ľ¶ŨŨı֮ɫһ̣ûк£ڣڽӣҲ뿪ʹҲҪֵԼ֮ء
û˵ҡͷĿ⿴ƣиֵӰ
硭
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С飬ˣģĽСͷĦ˵
ʮ·̣һ·ۣһգվħԵȻһңķ򣬲֪ΪΣһ˿
֮ǰδйʱͻȻ֡
ħܣҵΪеħ޷ҵԪ֮Сδ̤ͣħ
δӦøЩϲĶ¶һ˿΢Ц


329 ң֣1
һΣħ۶ȥ
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˳Ϊħǣħڣʮ޳֮һ֮ǰκһǳأҪӴֹ
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У£ҪΪĽЩѡ
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¥һɨӣֱ˶¥¥֮еƷҲ޷ۣ֮ǣ¥
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ɨһۣƽ˵
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ƷϣһԵϣ˵
˫һվӣԵһˮ˵ƷǼֵǣħ󲻶ֻ࣬Եȣȥȡ
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ɫɨһۣĬ
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Ӱѽз£ЦƷȡԳڣһǴĮţǵҩЧ򣬿뿴˵ţһദö򣬷ڽϡ
һһڣֻеҩЧ䷽䷽ڽڡ
ֵǰڵƷҩ䷽Ѿȫһ飬ʱһ۾ϳڵĵҩʶһһ㲻ע⣬Ƿŵϡ
ַ֮ƽ˵ŵĹԭҪˣ󣬿Ʒ
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üͷһ壬˵ˣƷô
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ħڣڶǳأ󲿷ڣһͷñ֮ˣǰչ
ʼʱЩҸļ۸㹫ԽҪԽףҪֻۣһҵ׼ǿгʱȴ֮֡
йزñǻʿĴţ̴˵ôܶ࣬룬չ֮ǰҪ׺ܶࡣ
ʮʱ䣬ڹŴİ£ħı߽磬ʮ죬һչ˰Ʒ
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չգһ֣弶¬У֣壬ɱ¾Ѫȡ
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һʿ׷£չ֮أӹ˻ʿ׷ɱڣһסϰꡣ
û֪һ꣬ζȹģֻ֪ڰȻӵ˻ڵΪӿµǣշ档
һֱɱħ֮ʱӵ棬һƬƣͬΪڵʿҲһЩ
֪ħлڵʿڣȻǰɱ˵Ŀɴ˿ɼһߡ
գٴα׷ɱһ·ۣһΣ׷ɱһڵʿ˰ʦųģӴ֮󣬶ʧȥټ
ʮչٴ߳ģ˵ΪǻڣʦųȴѶȫޡ
˺Ʒ˶ħı뿪磬һϵµʿ˵
ڻڣԴҲΪͷʹһַƺӵ˲֮ÿοɱʵʣɱֻĳ֮һ
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˵ȸǴ˴Уһġ
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ħڳʹߣһ٣Ľп࣬˵ҲǻڣȴƾԼﵽձ˵ĸͻƣʵϣ۸ԪӤڵ࣬չǿ޷ֿ֮£Ψߣݱܷͷ
չվһʵɽܣѹѹĳƣ˫¶Ѫ֮ɫԶһɡ
ڡǵһɣóߣչⵤҩȫҵˣ֮ǰɵ˵ǸˣҵҪҵĳӼ󣬵ںδչһڷȥ
Хǵأƾˡ
ǰհһԪӤڵСι˳ӣСǰȻ˵ֲŹңǿЦ˭ôδҳлʿ֣ҲһЩԪӤڰˣСҼһɱһߣǻʿչѵɱĻô
ұһ·ɱؾģһΣҪ浮ҵ⾳ԴﵽڣţʱҵҪܷĹңչЦ
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û뵽ţȻܶϺһۣȸǣ˵𣬺ߣһУӵвŶԣţһ죬һһսչЦ̣üͷһ壬
ţͷܣҵĳƣȴЩѰ졣Ŀ⣬ΣҲҪðսĸȡ棬һ浮ôܣҲʧȥá
֮ǰһǲҪţΪܶϺһۣΪȻǱ濴ĻڡȸǴˣҼǣҲչһӼ죬תۼ⡣


330 ң֣2
ڣһƬڣƬƣȻɣڵĻɽ󣬲ػɣǬá
չƮڰգڵİƿһЦȵڵСã򿪻ɽͳҩԳӭӣ
ڣһƬž֮󣬴һᶯΪȴһɼᶨ֮⡣
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ǰĪҪΪСɡĽ촫㶯֮ɫ
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ɽ׾ٵķ飬ڵˣ׷֮ɫ
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չĿһѪ֮ɫŨ˵̫ʴˣðɣڣ𣡡˵ţһӣܵĳӣ̺Х͵ɢȥ
Ǹչ׻ּ䣬ϣҽԪӤҲɡ
һĻˣΪ֮
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ߵЩϣҲ׷ױϣһԪӤڵĴϿԵֿ⣬༸ˣȻ·磬Σӡ
ӼΪ죬κηûκá
˿̣ڣĽ֮⣬ˣɱ
Ľҧ´¶֮ɫ
չ״ΪȤĽ°ͣ˵˵ʵôɣǵĸŮ˵ΪҲʺΪӳļ塣
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ֻǣ˲䣬Ľü֮УͻȻӿһźС޵ӣһѪ档
̶ļУѪڴģҽʧСĿɭƮĽǰݺݵĶչס
չһСޣ˵ޣ
ĽĬĿԶ磬ټ
磿Ǹʲô֣չ׹һЦ֣֮УҲһЩǰ
ǳҲֺ֣ܳŶ˭չ״ЦЦļΪĿһ˵ڵĺ֪֣˭Һܺ棬ΪЩԪӤʿԸͬأ
ΪҵŮˣң֣һĮչױ


331 ³ç
ɫλ꣬ƴһħ̺Ȼ٣ɢĳӡ
ϣȻֻ룬¶֮ɫ̣һ紵ڣתۼ䣬ЩҪԪӤĳӣ̺а㣬Ŵ䡣
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332 
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ϣֻһĿһУʶһɨɫŹ֣Ǵڣûȫĳӡ
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Ҵĵӣ׷׽ӵӣ˶ĸԸӡ
֮໥۷׷ףеĻ⣬ȫΧţϡ
æ֮󣬶໥ۣܿԷ˷־岢֮ɫ
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ֳĬ֮ǰΪĽʱȻ֣Ľڳ壬Ȼ;ƿݵĵز
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࣬Ȼȥ⴫˵Ŀ⣬̶һ½ԪӤϣĿⲻơ
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½ԪӤϣɫ԰ףһΪ¶ġһҲӳæġ
Ŀ޵¶һ˿ɱһۣ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ǹһЦͷ˵ã˸ЩԪӤڵĵãϣ
ϲæϣֻһˣŲԻ¶һ˿ǡ
˿̣쳵΢΢һЦǰ¶֮ˣһҧȥԷ
½ĳϣԺҲûгֹֻǵߣȴȫֺĿܡ
ֽ¥ĽĴߣ˯գ֮˵ֻӤͿԪ£ѣ
תۼ䣬һ¹ȥ
һڣڵЩͽ׵ӣȫǰһĻֻǷ׷׺棬ΪҪչء
࣬ٴִڣʱĶȹյʢع顣
Ϊɱڳû֣ٴγΪ˳һɣֹ
֣Ľѵĵڶ죬뿪ڣһģңȻڴϵݣֻ֣Ϊ˻Ŀܡ
ִĽ񣬶̸ЦУ߹˴ĽδйĿģӣ㣬ÿ춼ЦͬһСһ㣬ҡ
գڳ֮صһɽУͣ
̣ĴӣҲҪ⡣
һɽڣһĴһɳ˹ڡ
˵أǳ֮أּǵ˵ֻ֮أſɷų
ıһ֣γһԼɵľ¡У˹ڣʱһβƣȻɢ
ʶΪһ˿֮ܰڡ


333 ¼
ˣ⻷βɢУɫ䣬˼һĸоԪӤǺƱѹѹ˱ļ
ֻֻּ䣬оɢֵĿ⣬𾴡
ʲôĽűĿ¶֮ɫ
΢΢һЦ˵棬һŮʬһǰӣǰиңҰտ
ְöĹ£ĽĽ񱾾ǶƸ֮ɫ֮󣬱öж
ǰΪȥ˴޽ڣ֪ΡĽ
ֳĬ֮ҡͷ˵۽ΣⶼѡϣԸ
Ľ˵ͷĿ⣬˲ͬ
ڱ£ɽʯ˼ʯݣĽΪȸԾһ԰æֿĽǣ¶һ˿΢Ц
ӽ쿪ʼǵ¼ңĽ˲ͷ㺹һʯͷźã˵
ֵ˵ͷĽ¶ƣ֮ɫ֪ΪΣЩʹʵķͲĽæĽּ֣֣ϣ
ĽӣһºͣЩУȴļǿļ֣û˵ͬ⡣
ܿĽܿģʱĿ⿴ʱ¶һһ˿ᡣ
Ŀ⣬˿֮⣬뵱￴Ŀ⣬һ
ʱöĿ⣬һ
ΪĽ壬˯£̾ת߳ʯݣ˿µգҶϥֳվӡ

ֿһۣ˵ͣԪӤڣˣ
ǶĿϲǸ֣ΪΪԻ񣬵һȴʼûκԴ̸¡
˲ȥʣֻĬĬĵȴ
ѹеļ˵ԪӤڣѾһʮꡣ
һʮꡣ
Ŀɨһۣҡͷ˵ߴ·ˣ
ңĬ֮ҿɬһЦ˵ûйʿҲѯʹʹߣȴʼûд𰸣ʵ϶ǰҾѾµޱչأ޷񣬵ȴ֪ؼڣʦܶоãֻܲµӦǿ򡭡
̾˿ʯݣ˵ÿһʿҪһԼĸ飬ǸȴҪһθж룬ԼжڵΪӣⱦ֮ڣȴõĥѹ֮أȥ⣬ʱƾԼΪ߽ٻɣ
һһ򶫣һϣ뿪ԭأڰ֮⣬ϥָղŵ˵
뿪󣬰֮һ˿ٴο
ʱմҴңһգΪĽ壬Ļ֣̌Ϊֲȥͷĺˮ֪ҵѾˣûϵ
ҡͷΪĽ壬һǰһһΣΣŴԽ࣬Ľڲϵض񻯡
㲻˵
Ľͷ¶һ΢Ц֣ԶҲꡣ
ӣЦһֱǸ㣬Ϊ˵ţӴڣóö
ĽڿЦӹһ̾ϲƷ鵤ЩǺܹ֮
Цʱ㲻Ǵ˵¯ôЩϾʱԳһ¡
Ľ˫һһ̵Ϊˡ
Ҳһֱû㣬ôӣֱˣУôţĽĿ֣Ц
ְԼһ飬ϸ˵һĽ˫ۡ
Ǻ֪ţǻ㡣Ľĵ˵
Ŀһƽ˵ڵΪֻٹ꣬ɳ״ﵽڣ߳ɰհٴΰˣ
ǵõħĶô֣ȥлٹҲȥĽ֣Ȼ˵
ãħٹվҪһƷҴȥⵤ¡ֵͷ˵
ţĽ¶ĵ΢Ц
ĽЦݣٴ˴ʹ֮УĽһֱš
ĽСˡ
ҲԲᣡһһֵ˵
Ľͷ
ҹĽ˯ºʯ⣬̧ͷյ£¶󱯰֮ɫĽ壬˵תֻصǸ˿Ըı䣬ϵŨ
ֻнӤſԪֻǣӤ廹޷ɹӤ塭ԪͷȡǣҲٴζᣬ׿ΪﵽԪӤڣʶǿлܿ
Ʒ鵤ĵһΣҪõ֣Ʒ鵤壬ָһЩָֻұӤ
ЩȴǷ̫࡭
գ֮ӰЩǣһ˿¶ĸоȫ̾¶ǿҵļᶨ
Ĭ˺һϵȦһ˦֮£һڷɳܣ˵ϡ
Ϣ΢ȫ˺ۣȻֻг˽
һжһƿҩóһŵ߻
ÿ죬ҪιһҩⵤҩŷרƵ鵤ԭΪĽ׼ֻǣĽ壬ڷ¶ȻʧȥЧãϾΪԪˡ
ܷµҩɫȦڣ˿ǽȦķӡ˵ֻ·һԣһֱûн
ֻͷʯһۣһĴóһѴ޽ڵӵıо
ⱦ֮ϵĽƣѧԲͬѾоãһЩž
һҹʱ䣬ȥյ£գŶһ˿ʧ
һҹ˾Ÿƣ˽֮ϣϵĹƣѾӵһʮ飬Űپʮ飬Զ
Ľ뿪ɽȣǣҲں
ûգǷɽڣʶʿ٣Ļȸϣûκˣ԰ⱦߡ
ڳԵ֮λֿ˹Ŵ󣬴Ľǵˣʧڴڡ
ңٴθֵܵǿŴ˻ô⻹ǵһܡ
ħڣٹ֮һŴڣͻȻ˸֮⣬â󣬴߳ˡ
һŮǰǰһһŮȻǵ£ӡ
кܶûˣ֣ȥɣҲ֪ˣмšĽ̾˵
󡣡ֿԶǵãĽ͸һö򣬾ӡ˴֮


334 ɽ
˻ħΧ֮϶ǸյĶа֮ܽء
ǰһ޴ɽ壬ɽ嶥ԷŪΣɽէһȥͷ·һϡ
ֻֽȴѾȱȫദѲ˵ͷǱһΪһƬǽ塣
ĽԶԶĿĬ
ְ֮̾ǰʶһɨյĶаɣȻΪһƬ棬ûκʿڣһЩͽ׵޾ۼ
֣ǵõôңһֱĽ˵
ֵ˵ͷ˵ţ˷ǡ
֪ĶǷڡĽͷնķ˵
΢΢һЦĽһӶʱһ磬ʧԭأҶˣæʶɢԵ̷Ͼħǳ
ԶԶظĽ̾괫ħסһȻ١
ҳʶĹˣʦܣӣΪ
Цֻܽɣ˺ܶࡣ
ҳĬû˵ֻܽʮңĵװ¾ģȥҪȫҪ֮ڡ
ֱĽ񣬻磬һƿ֮ݺԶħΧʿ׷𾪡
ûãĽ񣬱˵Ķ֮λ
ϧ˵ضڵɽȴʧ
˷ǡĽ˫¶һ˿
£ƣɢյļ䣬һʧˡĽϵͻȻŨҧ´߰ɡٹȥˣµǡؼҰɡ
ңվں棬İ̾Ĭ
Ľûʧ
˵ţǰһӣʿķʱӿֶնʱ¡¡֮ͬʱܵĴأдѡ
ţһӴһӼ䣬Ȼ֣ѷԽԽγһ޴ĹİŹİԽԽߡ
գۼ䣬һɽ֣
ɽ壬뵱־ס֮壬һһ
ɽζζݿʱѴ˵طԲڵʿ׷׾һЩԳΪߣ
ģʿ٣ֻǣǲǰǧ⣬ƾճֵɽ塣
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ûɢֻͷĽ
ĽŶ¶һ˿΢Ц΢Цĳ֣ϵ嵭һЩ
ڶڣĽһȸԾСŮϵܿȥʱ֣˵¡
ҵ꣬û뵽һ͸һȺˡĽЦ
󣬾ȻһǿҵһֱôץģʱһģֲȥʡĽ֣¶顣
ӣЦ
ڶסĽ뿪һƣ˴ɽ֮ϣĽһħǷȥ
ħ֮УֽΪοĽϵôŨһЩ
ԹŴǰУڰħҡҡĿ
ʯ˴˳ǣѰһջס¡
ʱħһʱգ֮ҪϤһЩ֣ȥ󣬻ʱжһ
󣬾գҹİӽ֡
ʱ䣬ĽħһӰӣĽΪģ˵˵ʱǵ⣬ˡ
֮ÿʮһεʼ
ħһ㱦͹ڣ˿̵һ㼸ϯڶʿ׷ˡ
˽ʱڵĵӣĽӹڡ
ǰֹ򵤷ʱдλӣʱҲڴڣ뼸ʿ̸ЦȻĿһ֣ɫ΢䣬æʿǣ߼ھ֮ʱľϹΪ˵ǰ٣ָԣǰ˵ң¥
ʶ˵ʿ׷׾ȣҪ֪Ӹλǰ;˽һ򲻻˴ǰһĻʵĿ⣬׷׿һС
һ֮£˶ʱĵһ
ֵΪǿ뷲һ㣬ȻûκģǷˣ
ߵĽǽᵤڵΪƺӼΪ
𾪵ģʵҶˣ
ԪӤڵĴʿ
ħڣԪӤڵĴʿҲ룬֮ڵУﵽһΪģˡ
ʿħһطֶһţܶҪһ
ҲͰˣԪӤڵĴʿվλȴǿԿ˾ȻǺƷ˵˵ӣһܲ
ټӵĿ̶ȣ˵ݣУ̨ס
С£һУ¥¥ֻ䣬Ϊݻ˿䶼ˣһУұ߰
¶һ˿ͣæˡ
߳ʱȻˮʪæҴ뿪
ߺϸʹǸߣߵΪȻﵽԪӤڣȴڶԷһ֮£ȻˣΪǴ˵еĻ֮⣬ʵ벻𰸡
ʿħ˸ǵĴڣ
󣬾ΪһʿħվȽŸҷչ˹ģ
յһۿ֣̺ԥķݣԳ뵽Լݣ޷Էڡ
Ҵ¥ڶһż⣬ͣ˵ޣҪ´档
ɣżڴһᶯ
߽
֮ż߳ɫָµһ¥ٴЩõʿ̸ЦֻЩ䣬һеݣÿζǱܹЦ
ʱ˿̣Զħƽԭ£һڣһ׷ߣϥɣȻ˫ۣһգʱǰһӰӰʵһǧĵŮ
ŮòΪˣϸӵһ˿ټ֮ɫĿμ䣬ˡ
Ů˵˼󣬶ʩӰɢ
ƻʿ׷һĿ΢һ£ʧԭء
ˣǵֽᵤʱǸ޵ߣҲǶλع֮ʱ֮ˡ


335 ʿ
¥İڣħزˮֻûȥ
λãֻһɿһмλãһƽ̨һ֮
Ľˣ˵Ľʱ¶ĵ΢ЦֵĿ⣬㡣
ңϥűߣĿ
һ·ϣָ˼䣬Ϊ̿࣬ץһʱΪֵ˵ֻаĲȫһ󣬲ſɽлĸ
Ͼ˵ԪӤڣôȴʼղǴԲ
Ҫر⾳ֻһһﵽԲſԳԳ
ԴӸֺ˶ڻģǰδеĳ㣬ʵ϶˵Ԫ˵֮ĽҪ㣬ȴҲˣڰڻ޷ôֻܹڳ
ʵҲǶ¶ĸֵҪԭ֮һ
ʱȻһʶ¥İںɨҶ͵ײ˫ۣһʶɢǳʶײһ
ʱڣһҺߣʶɢ
ʼգֶû̧ͷȥĽ̸֪ԼЩӰĽ
ĽֵУ֮⣬࣬ȴŨŨǸ⡣
ڣٴδʶһΣȻǶʶһ𣬺ɨĿһͬʱɢʶȻײȥ
ôĵӣҵҪ˭ôţڣһߣһ֮£ҵʶʱɢȴûˣЦ
˵ΪǻֻԪӤڵʱҵҪӦԪӤڴԲ
ǻ䣬ڣ߳һˣۣͷףŭ˰䣬һڷȥ
ĵΪŭԭֻӿ޾Ȼ·˽¥֮ʶ̽ȥҪ
û뵽ȻԷʶɢЩˣһŭ֮˳
һеİ䴦һȥʱ̧ͷĿ˴һۡ
Ŀһʱŵŵŵͷһ֮£ԪӤЩ̾ͷӦˣǻʿ
Ľп֪࣬ˣԼ˵ʲôҲǰһʿ鷳
ʱȴƶֺΨпɬıȭ˵֪ǰڴˣ³ç֮ˡ
¶һ˿˼ղſߺ󣬸оЩϤӦԼħʱĹˡ
ֻǣʱ̫ãһʱ֮Щǲ
ʱȻ洫һЦţǸӵ޵İ׷ߣ¥һֵۣİ⣬Цűָ˴лǰĳϲ֮£ǰһȴû뵽ԭǹˡ
˵䣬Զ𣬰׷ߴݵ̤
ңɫ΢䣬æˣվ
΢΢һЦɫ糣
׷߿ĽһۣһԣЦһ𣬵ѱ֪ȡ˼ߣ
һ⣬Ųñûô˿ݣգȻһ۾ϳԼ֮ͨɫ糣ЦǶ̫Сûȡ
ߵ˵ͷ˵ϷҲ޶ڣδȡ̫࣬ǰȥʱȴǷһִߣ
ɫ˵֮󣬿֣֣ΪɵһͨӰжݵͨҲϳ˾ǵǴŲñĻʿ
˿̣֮ߣΪΣ뿪ֻôվ档
׷̸ֽ䣬һ¥ᣬʼˣʼгĶһЩ鵤ܻӭ
Ľ񰲾ߣ󷽣ʱ¥µʼմ΢Ц
׷Ŀ΢˵ѣҿΪ죬ϴ⣬ǰӦǼɣ
ʵӸղŽ뷿䣬ϳ־ǵ֮ʱһֱĵɻֵӣϤУô룬Ҳ벻ʱ
һ󣬷һʿϣ׷ţԼǰԷȻǡ
΢΢һЦûлش𣬶Ƕŷһ֣˿æǰ뷿䣬˵ƽμǰ
˵꣬ת׷ߣͬ˵
׷һӦĿ⣬һ˿ãҶǻʿ㻰㲻ԣαٻԪӤڵС
΢Цѣδ
ƽʱһǰ׷ߣҲĿһƽ
ƽϸĿּۣԽԽ죬ȴôҲ벻ʱ֣С˵ǰʶ
Ц˵ʱ̫Ҳˣ֣ҲЩ벻ѣԪӤ֮壬Ҷһһǵͼӡô
ƽ¶˼֮ɫ˿ʧ֣㡭Ȼˣ
ֵ˵ͷ׷ߣЦѿʲô
׷֮ɫһ֣֮Цˣû뵽ĽᵤʿվȻﵽ˻񡭡
ȷˣƽһһ۾ͿйԼǴ˵еļ̰ҪǿմΪͽܷ֮ȡ
ֻôҲû뵽ʱԷȻ񣬶ΪԼ£յͷɢ
ƽ׵Ĵסˣļ䣬һĻĻлص֣ʼգһֱѹһͷ
ᵤʱ򲻹֡
ԪӤǴ򲻹
ԼﵽԪӤڵĴԲٴοʱԷѾ񡭡
׷߹һЦ˵֮£Ǻĳ³çˣĪҪ֡˵ţһתʵ֪Ѵ˴ǰָΪ˺ַ
ЦƷ
׷ɫ˵Ʒ¿͸ѣֻⵤ˼ڴˣĳȴ޷æ
޷ǻĳӡһݣҡͷ
׷߹һЦ˵
ʱһ¥ڣѾܶ෨鵤ţƽ̨˵һرظλѶѾ֪һƷⵤЩʱգûд򿪣мߵķӡһ֪
Ʒҩֻȸſƶӵ˵ͬļֵ֪ҾͲ˵ˣֻı䣬ҪƷʯۣзҲԵۣ
㱦̰һεܶΪ˴˵ǣ½Ľ
ĽЩţһ£ʼղɫһ¥
ƽ¶ɬ֮ɫ˴ҲΪⵤ׼Ϊ㣬ڣȴ˿ҽмۡ
ܿ죬۸㱻̧һƷʯһ۸ħνǴֱʡ


336 Ʒ
ʯĿһ
ڴеƷʯû飬ֻǼƷʯһ飬Ҳ޼֮óƷʯҲѹм۸
ȻһЩռпҪϣһ˵ܻȴʧС
ȻҲܻ
ֵֻӣ˵Ʒ־ڱصã̫࣬򲻻ֱӻȡ
ֳһĴóһľ񣬴ľǵľʱĲдƷ˵ϻڵ⾳ֻ޵һ˿ȴ߱ԪӤڵʵ
ڸѪһľȫһûʹϵơ
ַħʿ˵νء
׷ĿһľһۣжݣĲľʵַ
׷ߵַȻͣһ۾ͿľĲ
Լһ˿⾳ڵѪת˵ɶ칤һ㡣ֻǣܸоڵѪʲôطƵġ
óľһӣ˵Դۣ
һֱע¥˿̿ľһԾס󹧾ĳǣ󽻸Լʦ
ʦһľɫһ䣬׷׵ۡ
׷߳ȻĿһ֣˵ѣľ֮ڵѪɫĪǾѩıѩ֮
ֿ˰׷һۣϳѩַԸоȣתһ룬ڻȻ꣬ΪȨ֮ˣʶ㲢֡
ֵ˵ͷʱһ¥ʦ׷̧ͷһˣҵȲδȷĹЧԪӤڵĿһ5000Ʒʯ
һһ¥ˣĿ⿴ľͬʱҲ̧ͷɨһ¥
üͷһ壬ļֵԲֹ5000ʯ
׷ҲüһڴЩʦʶΪȻһۿֵ˵ģڵѪͿʹôļֵ˵ϻ̺һ˿⾳
ѾѼ۸̧ʯƷ˵5000ʯȻ
Ŀƽû˵ǿһ۴˴ķš
ûãһǧĵŮӶ¥ſڹļֺ󣬽˷䣬һöɫˡ
ѣǿܣϷˣö򣬿κһǵ̻ȡ2Ʒʯ׷ߣ˵
΢΢һЦһۣһ¥˵ҳۣ2Ʒʯ
һʱȻʱͬ¥мķڣһŮ3Ʒʯ
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˿̣ƽһҧ֣ﻹǧƷʯ
ãƽ
ƷʯȸҲһʺܴĿ˺ܾãҲûٴμӼۣգƷм䷿֮á
ϾƷȻϡУĲϣ󲿷ֶѾʯȻˡȻֱӳƷƷҩȻ
׷΢΢ҡͷ뿪ɫûߣǷϡ
߰ɣվӣɫ糣ֻĿ⣬ȴ˸һ˿âĽ¥ݺ󣬻صջ
֣ǵҲûʲôֲ֪˵¼ΪֵҩĽڷڣ
΢΢һЦ˵ңǵ־ڱصã
Ľԥһ£ͷ
Ŀһɨϣ˵ػ
̳ǡ
ǰһ̤ʱʧԭأʱħ⡣
ʶһɨٴʧһΣȴǳǧһɽ֮ϣ˿̣ɽϣվһŮӣŮ£԰ɴ棬վһߡ
ĿƽڿȥûκĲӰֵһ̣Ŀһһƾâ
꣬ǰŮֺĿƽˮ
ˣ˵ԭݹ顣ɫ糣
Ů˫һЦǰǹˣСŮ
Ůͬ¥Ȼ֪¥һУ֪лʿڣɿмʯ֮󣬾Ȼ̧һ򣬴Ȼڶߡ
뿪󣬴Ůûо뿪һֱȴĿģȻһۿ
ĪҪϻ䡣
Ůߣһǰһ
Ŀһڴϣ˵ոջδȹ̣Ҳ⾳£
ɫȴ𶯣ҧ֮£ӲվȽŲ
ֿһۣһʱһָȻɫ䣬һĴóһɡ״৵һ³ɢ֮⡣
ߡ
顱
ӡɡϣɡ״ֹ̳ѣ֮ʱ̾ߵӣƱһɴײŵŵ˺ɣɫĺ󣬺һŻָ
ûɱĿŮϡ
Ů˫¶һ˿ɵĬӴóһУ˫ϡ
ָһץ֣һģѣƮһöһӡһݣһ˦֮£ӸŮӣ˵˵ɣ˵ԭ򡣡
Ůӽӹǰ֮ǰ³çʵ˱Σ³򣬻ǰƷķϣһΡ
ɫ糣ɫ
ŮһҧֵܹƮ֮ˣҵƮʮǰҵ֮أδ飬֮ȸ׵֮һΪ޷룬ǰҽȥҵһء
˵꣬ŮĿ¶֮ɫ´ȴֵĴ𸴡
ûʱ䣡ƽ˵һĴó׷ߵɫӸԷֵֵ2Ʒʯӡ֮Ǯ
˵꣬һʧԭء
Ůʧķ¶һ˿ԭѾٱл룬¥ֺߵ̸֪˵ǻʿ
һ˻̵ȼеϣֿİ׷Ҳݷãȷɡ
Ŀģǰ
ֵȷûʱ䣬Ʒϵ鵤ƷԪʵһԪһҲƶɡ
ֻƵģһƷԪ
ԪĹЧֻһǾǿڶʱڣʹ÷´˵ʿٶȣӿ
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һͻһξʯ걻ӡڡ
ʱļ֮ξʯԽԽСһʣγɴμƷʯ
ϹʱڣļƷʯ֮⣬ûԻãȻࡣ
ǣ˸߽׹ԪĴڣʵϹʱڽΪеļƷʯɡֻ⼸ʣ̫߰ˡ


337 
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һյڵμƷʯڣһѪߣֻΪﵽԪȥſԷ֡
һĴóԼļƷʯ˫ϸһһȥ
û뵽ӵеļƷʯһ⣬ģȻȫǴѪߡֳһʧԭء
ʮڳ߾ĹŴ⣬һС
һʹùŴֲ֪Ƿþתһ̣ϡһн֮⣬޵̾Ϣ
ԼƷʯ֮ڡ
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ȴ뿪֣Ϊ˿һֱߣȫ񣬶ⵤ֮ϡ
ʱ̧ͷ䣬ԼԶĿÿʱж¶飬ֻ֮Уȴ̺Ĳ
Ľ̾
ѰҵƷĹڳһºŷҲϧһƷʦӣڶǰʧܶĻͬʱоⵤϲ١
ŷһķӣһΪ˿̿Ʒ鵤ͺƿ׷һ㣬̷ûûҹоƷԪһʮֲϵĴƷԼҩԵķ䡣
ÿҵһִƷҩģڵ̲࣬һҩ
ûеģǸ߼ɹ
ǲУǻȡҩҶȥɼ
ʱҴҶƷԪһʮֲϣֻ֣ûҵƷ
ʱ䣬ŷӿνǷʳȻһУƷ֮С
Ľ֮ڣ˲ϵļ󣬷ɫҲѩףлɫ
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ĽĿ⣬֮Ũ
һҹɽϸ꣬Ľ˯ºֶվУԶɽдʹԽԽŨ
壬ԽԽǿнӤԪӤδγɣͻʱδɵԪӤҲֻɢһ;ȡ궼
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壬⣬׼׬˴ǮûȥȢϱɡ
׬˴ǮͻȥȢϱˡ
һĻӳͷּڱһƶ꣬˫Ŀ¶ᶨ֮ɫ̧ͷա
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ЩҩĲֻ֣ģҪļܵõŷӳ
վӣסһʧԭء
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ԶҲ¶ʱӣΪֻ㲻ߵʱҲ¶
Ľ۽ǣˮĶͷѾһЩϸܵƣ˿̵ǰʮꡣ
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º˵ʵǺҲ֮ѷɫһߣڴƽ֡
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һЩ⾳ߣӵв׵ʵ
صûͣѸɽȸȥ
ɽڣʶһɨҶˣѾԽһңž޴ѹ˵Ϊ֮һЩ
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ⱳӰӵһͷֻУһ룬ȻҰס
дʹǰվĽߣԭգ˿Ӳϡ
һˣҩѾȡ
Ľ΢΢һЦû˵ʲôĿһۣҪˣңҵʱ䣬ˡ
㲻ֿĽٴ˵
Ľҧ´ĵ˵ͷϣë˫ۡ
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󲿷ִĲϣԼ˺ܳʱ䣬ȷʹ֮һٶԭϣķ£˽ǧֲ棬漰ÿһֲϵԼʱĳ̡
飬޷ơ
ŷӣҲ˿Ҵ⣬ΪĽ񣬶ǴΪԼΪԼһ룬ֹһεĸԼԼһʧΣһΣʧܣ
ҩƣʼڳŷӵƢ룬ԽԽ꣬ʱѯʣΪͷ
⵹η֣ԸʹȻӣȴһзרһ־Ƹ߽鵤
ŷӵı꣬ûзϣ֮ΪڵЩУֻŷӣпܻ֮ˡ
ܼڵԸܹԴ˸ĳ⾳
ֻΪʼͣԪӤڣûнԴﵽԪӤԲô񣬶˵谭
ţתۼȥŷӵʼûɣĳڣƢԽӱ꣬ʱ
Դӻ󣬱ÿĽߣԽӲϣڷױףԽԽŨʼδڶϾĽѺտݹǣ׺ɣ
꣬ŷӵͻƣ˵ûɣȴҲԶŨŨҩ㣬ʱƮ
ĽӣȻޣѾߣڴϣ֣У֮ɫԽԽŨ


338 Ľ
޷ֻܹأûең㣬ʱߡ
ħݵһĹİ
Ľ񣬰ڴϣ£Ȼ˥ϣĿ⣬ȴʼǰӣһۣһۡ
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ץĽ֣˫¶º֮ɫģƱһѰиڵѪɫ
֣ҹεҸˣ΢ЦһϤˣǵӣҵĽƿĿ⣬ڴ⣬
Ľĸĸȥĸ磬
ֵģʹ
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Թڣɽĵһ꺮һĺ췢ӣϥ֮Ȼ˫ۡ
۾˲䣬ԹȻ󣬺һ㣬ʿһ
Ŀ⣬֮ɫüģɫǵת˸壬˿˿ɫܡ
תͷ˫ۺƿԶأңңվӣһ˺ǰأӵصףֱڣȥ
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Ľӣ꣬Ȼ˱ıԵֻأʱ̶ڴҪߣ״ߡ
һգŷһɫĵҩϴһ˿زס˷ܣ֡
Ʒ鵤ŷӣˣŷ˵꣬һ
㲡
ŵҩŴ֮ʣͷ׺һϸ˰ĽϣյĺȻڣǳ˲ɣ
ڣۿĽһ˥ϣտݹǣ׺ɣ
ǰĳ޾İһͬƽеĺ󣬿ǣ⺣̫⺣̫󣬵󣬺ˮ⣬ããС
֮Уֻ֮һۣƣȴʼ֧ţֻǣһ̣䲻䣬ģȴǰŮӵ˥ڣӲɣ
УǰŮӵĲϣֻ黯֮òУŮӵգһֱͣڵħ⣬ͣڳ¥ǵٵӰͣڳ¥֮ϣһֱԶȥĿ⡣
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ǰδеأģԽԽ죬ǽ֮ϣһ˿ѡ
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ֵ⾳ͰסĽȫֻǣɫȣʵ΢
ɫ˿ʿҲкܶ޷ָֻܶ⾳ֻſĿ
ҲֻΪ˽Ǻ
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Ǿ޴ץ˲䣬Ȼ֮£һ췢ӰȻ˳޾ı亮⣬ӭײǾ޴֮ϡ
飡
ӲǱɣĿ⣬㣬Ǻ췢Ӱ֮ϡ
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ǰĿա
еĿ⣬ٴȥֻţյĺƣٴζһΣĺգۼ֮УƴӿʼãʵָףΡ
һΣץ
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ͬʱüĵǵ㣬Ȼһ٣壬һ̴֮ѸһԼɵľˣķ͸һɵϹ⣬ɢĵϢ
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ץ˲䣬͵ת˫ȫһָ֮ϣġ
顱
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ʵģֻе汾ŪѣֻǾ޴ݵȴΪ΢
ⲻ˵ĴУ˿һڣһŮӣ࣬ʱ̧ͷĿӴЩˣĺͯ¶֮ɫԼС
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Ԫ񣬺ƹ࣡
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顱顱顱
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ڣԪӤ֮תԪӣϻĹֻҪȥ޵Դӹֻأʮʵʱ㶨Ȼ٣һΣȻֹ
еĿ⣬ƽĿһۣʧˣͬǾ޴ȭͷҲʧƣɢȥ


340 ȸʹ
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ڴˣϳͶˣǵħƷ֮ˡ
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ƽİ̾ߺ˺ܾã¶ĸߣһտԴﵽ
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棬ȸʹߣΪҪڳŮʵ
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ѣ¸ոս뻯񣬶ȸһЩ飬ȴǲ̫˽⣬ΪȸʹߣڳһЩҲ֪Ĵ£Ҫˡ߻˵
ϻİĿ⣬Ͷ
ʱǹɢֻڵİ꣬ȴһ㣬֮أ۶
ɴŮһ¶ǿҵľš
һĻ̱߿ɫģȴɻ


341 ȸɽδѶ
ǳٶȼ죬ûãߣ΢һ٣Ŀڴһɨ
˺֮⣬˷׷һæͷ
Ȼʿɢ¶ڰӰòΪӢվɣ׿
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д˵ȸĸ֣ȸһŵļ̳ˣȻΪζ˺һۺȸȻŲʣһԵ·
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ɽĬЦͷһȭսת뿪Ӱһ磬תۼʧӰ
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ԣһһײߡ
֣Ķ棬Ůæǰμ֮ߣһԡ
λѣֿһ۰ɴŮԵߣ΢Ц
ĿһۣղȻϳ˾ǵ֮ˣĵײɵ֮ɫĬԡ
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СŮӲ֪ǰݣǰҪ⡣ɴŮ
˵Ӱţ֣ȸǵ󣡺߶Ϊ˶ݣ͸˵ˡ


342 Ұ
ַ²豭ҡͷǿƽЦ֣ȫȻһȴнĿܡ
ƽЦ֪ԼϣȻֵ˫ۣ̾񡭡ѡ
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ʱǶϱ۵ɫ̸ı䣬֮ǰѩף˺ں콻Ϊɲйȳ


343 ȸ
һУָһץʱװŶϱ۵ʯ裬䶯ܷ
ʱ˿̣ȸһɽˮ续֮أϥһ̶ˮ֮ϵĺҶĿ
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˫ۣ¶һ˿֮ɫͷһϵͭȦ˸һ˿â
Ȧʹһ鼫Ʒʯѣ乥Ȼǿ񳵡ҪҸῴǷƥ֡
ֳʣµ߿鼫Ʒʯûз봢ڣźãȦ⣬ÿʹһΣ¶ҪմЩƷʯڣб޻
ȦվӣһԵܣʼһʼػߡ
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ܸһǻӦ
ãӽԺҴһ㣡˵ţһĴ̷ɳ겻޵ӣȵ󣬺һСɽ㡣


344 ǵþ޸ô
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Ŀһٿ̣۶ȥ
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354 ·
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355 
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356 뿪
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359 
˾ͽĿһֵüģ̣ӻ߲֮ɫʧԭء
ռڣܵЩķ壬Ȼʣֿһۣǰ̤ȥ
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360 ʮ֮Լ
һͷϻϣһС֦һϻԴһ͵ۿ֡
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367 üǬ
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˿̣Ϧ֮УһŮӰԶ
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378 ָ1
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379 ָ2
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385 ɫ
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386 üڶĻ
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ϵĲֻۣʣ飬̩ķӡѾڱıԵ
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ּ̱ϳĿڶԷ֪Լݣûо죬üȻҵôǰλӤʼ֪Ϊ档
Сһݱ̸٣ĿһۣȻ̧һָ壬һ̸ֽʱºͣǱдɱ뺮â˵üСʮϢ֮ڣ֮ڣ򣬼ȸĵӣϷҲɱ֮
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ߵһ仰˵Īһĵһ˿
ʱʮӤȻɢϽ֮ââŨҫȫâ֮С
һŨһͲɣԶʮɢγһߣ壬Դ˹ߣݽڡ
гһĻʮϽϷֱϽߣЩ߽ģڡ
ڵһǰδеٶȷתۼ֮һûͣڼ
ıһֱ˱
ţסϷ֣죡٣٣Ϸģ


391 ȸ
죡
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ʮϽڷӿֶ˳ŹѸ͵ڣľ֮УХߡ
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꣬ڣʶʿɣǷֱʶʿȸǿ󣬿ϧȸǺȴִ˵زȻһ壬óʹ÷֮ǿޱȡ
һɱһɱڵʮᦣⳡɱ֮вŵԴɡ
˵ʤȸȴǲƲȸʵ½Σʶʿˡ
ҲΪˣγ弶ȸĵһȸȸɽΪȸǵĿƵ㡣
˺󣬱弶جΣȸʹֹκһ弶ΪʱȸȻûдǳսлָٺ٣ȸֻλʶʿС
弶Ϊȸǲ
ֳĬ֮˵ǰ˵Щкιϵֻһʿѡ
Ŀһ֣һһֵ˵йϵ
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һ̧֡ͷ˫Ŀ֮â


392 
ȸԴңϲֱӰüǣ񣬲͡춢֣Ŀ֮ԽԽŨ
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СѣÿˣʦǰԪϾȸǣȸҲ֪컺˵
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Ϊʲôңû̻ش𣬶Ƿʵ
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һ̣ɫ䣬պȻ˸¡¡кХΣڵ棬ɳɳ֮
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ѩԪ⡢ħ桢гûӡҵִ̩˷ΪָǵΪĳһһǼ㡣
һҪģԪ⣡ǿӤұںΪһΪǿ󡣡


393 һ֮
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յƲ㣬һ̣ȻɢһգռѷȻ֣Ʊһ㡣
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һ֮
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˿̵˵һӵлΪ⾳ǹҲ˵һӵǹ⾳Ļڴͨʿ
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394 Ӥ
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ϾԼӤ䣬ǿ£ڿɵ̫١


395 ȸ֮
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ײ˫ȭѸٻӳ̫࣬Һ֮γһ춯صľ޴
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Ԫɫѿ֣ҧ֮һĴʱһͭӳ֣ҧһѪ֮ͭϡ
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˿̣ȸȸɽϣɽУǬеĴĿ֮ţɱԪⲻʲôֻһǿķѡɱǾħ棬ôʸǿΪҵĶ֡
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Ǭͷ˺һۣаһЦ˵飬벻ţһս㵱ԪǰԸ


396 ʮ
ȸţѩһսĴʱţȴٴʧ١
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ԪһһסᦣʱоһԪ̻ص֮С
ɽ˫ۣǰһȴظоԪ֮УһϽᦣڱԪ񲻶ϵؼ
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398 ߳ѡ
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400 
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402 
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Ŀһ䣬һо޸Ȼһ˦ֻȥ
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Ŀ䣬˾ħһۣ˵ٴһᦣʱĻһκХ
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գƱһ˫εĴֲŪ㣬գۼ䣬ھħϷһ޴ĺɫУ֡
һĻ͵ֿԷ̩һսʱʩչͨһһ
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֣ϷƴԪҲҪǿ֮УħȣĻǣʮӤȻ壬Ԫ
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˼Ŀһ˫Ԫ̴ڳϣԾ޸Ȼſڣһ֮£ǸջһâԪһ¡
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СƿķԼĴڡ


403 ȼ
ħ洢һע֮һ֡
ֲⷨ󣬴ѡ
ƽ棬ûκιЩطһЩ⼣
֮עΪ֮ǰ˵֮ϷӡһǣǷǻǷų
仰ֵľ裬˽˵֮Ͼĳ潲
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ӣ֣иǣųæ˵
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⾳Ļǣ˼кâһ
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ȼҽȼŮæ˵ֵĿ⣬¶֮ɫ


404 
Դʶʼһ޲Ի󣬾Ǿħ濪ʼҲס˵ѣȴǶ޷ºֻ֣ܰӡ
Էӡһֱһܣֱ׾ٱԻ֮Ȼڰ˳
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ͬʱΪռͨ˿Բٿ֮⣬һãа֡
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￴Ǹ㣬ƯСһƯ壬㲻ҪҶ¡У۾ʼշϣǿſĬĬ


405 С
ϣɽڶֽ࣬٣ԶԶȥ̣˵ûκη˴ڣߣҲΪ
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С׶ʱȫëէ𣬵ǰԶͺ


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406 
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һͷĻֿСһۡ
С¶η֮ɫȻͺػǰĵУ⼸ѾһԪӤڣԪӤǵµԴͷ
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ۣƤǣΪݣ˫ĿȴĹ⣬˿̧̣ͷ֮صλã΢΢ҡͷҪˣ
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¬ڣչ֮˫Ŀ¶һ˿ЦٴαĿɡ
ȸǵⳡƽ٣˿ûκιڵһ׼ڶζԿʹĽԪӤɹ
ʱ䣬Ľ֮ա
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֪ΪĽѾָһЩǣ֪һУԸһӣӶԼѡ
ѡ񣬵ȴֵľ񣬶һֹʹĽԪӤ
֪㲻Ըӣңһᴦĺܺã˺ѺһͻظĸߣҪԪӤ⺢ӵ塭
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407 
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޷ȱĽʹǲɢ
ǰĻǣôûлǵһ˲⣬ĽδȫѵԪӤԳסҲʶɾ޴Ӱ죬գܻܿԪӤ
⻹ΣصһǰĻǳôֻؽ̽٣Ϊû˻ڣĽԪӤͺƳı¶һ㡣
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ڣһж䣬֮꣬κηԽһʡ
𰸣ֿ˼֮󣬵õһᡣ
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С״ԴһΣͺһǻӦ
ԴһǰѺҲûпֻ֣С
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¶Ӱ̧絶ףҹĺڣǵһŮ˵Ӱ


410 Ӥ䣨һ
Ѱọ́һֱڳףΪȥҪҵ֣úõһ
˿̣ɽ嶥ˣֵܣе
ϥУȴһȫĴɡ
ʱ֣Ϊﵽ˻Բ⾳ͬﵽԲҪӤ䣡
Ӥ䣬κʿ˵һĥ𲻵׷
һӤ䣬Ϳʹ⾳ʵʻﵽһֲ˼ĳ̶ȣ֮⣬ּ̺ͨܣޡ
Ϲʱڣɽ粢δ֮ǰһӤʿۣϡٵ£ӤʿԳΪһĴڡ
ӻӤĹؼĶ٣Խ࣬ԽŨӤĳɹҲԽ
ȻΪӤʿ⾳ҲмĹϵ⾳޷ԲͶӤ֮ա
򣬸ǳΪӤʿص֮һ
ֵ⾳ԲЩͬԴӿֻʹ߾Ȼǹ֮жһ˿ɡ
ʲô
֮ǰ⣬һͬһ֮䣬ͺƷеɷһ㡣
û˿ȡҲֻУӶ߳ƿذˣ˻ΪԼȡ߲ٿ
񣬿˹ֶ֮⣬һ΢ı仯
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֮ǰɽһУ˴Щ񣬴˿̳ΪӤĹؼʱŨӿֵڡ
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ɲͬԴˮһ㣬Ϊսչɱ
ڵΪӴ󣬳ʼʱ벻࣬ĳ¶ʱɢʱĶȹԽԽڣ˿̣޷ֿ
˵ԶԶȴ̫࣬һ˿൱һᵤʿȫ
һȻڽڰˡ
ʿתΪӤ䣬ֱ仯һ⣬ɢһգΨһڵģһյĸı䣬ͻƻ񣬳ΪӤ䡣
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ͬʱַҪʿӤ󣬱չذϢ塣
ڶַʹʣԴﵽƽȵ״̬˷ѣҪϵ
һɹôӤУռݼƣҪչصϢɴﵽ˱չذ֮ĳ̶ȡ
ڶֵķĺôһıչصϢٶϣȻߺܶࡣ
ѡģǵڶַϾûʱչذꡣ
ڵѹȫ˵֮ڵ֮ľڣһḶ́ͺḥ̂һİ֮ǰĥתӶ뵽֮С
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ʼһδܵ񣬴˿Ѿ֮ȫ˻ɫһЩѾѡ
͵˫ۣĿںƣ˿һ㣬͸һɳ֮ɫ
ֵ˵ȲһЩɵۣҲԲ١ɴʱһԶԶӤ衣
ڵĸ죬˰ٷ֮һѹδȫںϡ
ѹӤʿϡ٣Ӥ֮ʱҪһЩɣҲܲסѹ֡
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ʵϾħ棬ԭںܶǰԴﵽӤ䣬ֻǣʵ̫٣һ
Ҫ֪񣬲ֻڻӤ֮ʱʹãʿﵽӤںôǼ࣬ҪãҪãҲҪ
УҪﵽʶڣҪԶӤ򱶣ſɴﵽʶ֮ϣ޷
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ڵ磬ʱԽ󣬸߽ʿԽϡ٣Խ
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ڣӦв񡭡ڣȻҲд࡭˵ãֻȥһЩˣӤ䣬ұҪﵽĿһǰһʧԭء
Сϣ޾ɵһƽԭϣĿȥһ߼ʡ
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һϤߴһ̻ͷԶ΢ЦӰ
壡¶ϲ֮ɫ̴С£֮ܵԣ˵ֻ
㣬ѾǵСŮʱѾ˫ʮ껪
壬ȥˣԼһ¡۾һ졣
Уʼնһӣͷ¶һ˿ӣ΢ЦȥЩ飬鴦ˣС븸ĸôҴؼҡ
ȥϵˮ˵Ҫ뿪ôðð
㣬ۿӴС󣬾ͺƵĴţһ
һĴɳһԣ㿴̾죬˵壬ҼǵǰСʱЩ
һ̴֮ϵĹ̳֣ѻ˱֮ڡ
С׽뱦ջشĿ⿴գ˿һڵ㽥£ջޡ
Хһߣ¶ϲ֮ɫ޴ĿϲϵĦȻΪ
߰ɣǻؼңޣһԾıϡ
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ǿ֮Уȡ̣ޣȸǣ۶ȥ
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ףϣһɨȸǣȻüͷһ塣
ȸϣоһǿϢϢԴһ޴ɺɵֲ
ǡ壡Ŀ⺮âһ̻һǣȸǡ
ƿȸǵ磬ٶȣ
ĿڲԶʮʿɱһˣʶ


411 
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׿Ӿܿһɣߣֻһ۱ϳ
׿󱯰һ·֮ϣʮѾһ룬ս⼸꣬ÿ춼һ·ӰԽԽŨ
ܵѾɥ߳Ϊĸӹ
սֻͽ˵ս֮ضѡ
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ȸУԪӤʿⳡս֮Уʵ΢
׿ЦͬһŶԷĸ֮ˣ߱൱ڽᵤڵΪȴֱӳɱ֣һ·׷ϷŪ̬֮
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䵭ɨһ׿ͬţЩȫǽᵤΪֻһǽᵤڣڴڣеµһ֡
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Ҿ
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׿ת΢ЦĻ
׿֣ǰļ䣬һһصնǰԼһĻ̾һ
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׿һ˵㲻֪
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׿һ˵赭дУȴȻ
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׿֪֮´ǴţУ֪֮¡
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ңһ廹к˴ڣЩһֱչˣϣⳡս˲ܵǣֻڹս֮ʱ˵ĴѰЩӵͯӣҵҵĺĺӣᱻע⣬ϧѾûлȥ֪Ƿӵ֮ˡ
ȸǣԹҹ
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״ȥլֻŻᰲȫشӵģһᶯ֮Уͬ͸һ˿
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ϢɣҪôࡣڣһӵĻ
ڣˣ޶һӣŮװΪˣ֮һ룬Էˡ
һۣòϣŭȻǳӸλȻȻһʡ
СӣС΢죬۵һ㼫Ϊɰ
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үڵŮӣȦһ죬˵
̾˵ڵЩ˹Ѿһһ뿪صӭսԹЩ˼Ϊǿ󣬾֪ĿǰԹЩˣѾܣȫһط
ŮӲȥ۽ˮŻĺӣЩˣΪʲôҪĴѰЩСӡ
Цҹ̸е֪ЩѰҵЩʵĺӣı󣬰ڣͺˡ


412 ౦
Ů۾һ˵ˣǵļ˹Ҫϧ˿ҲҲ˼ҡ
˿Ҳѹ˼ǣڵҲͬЩ֡һеϣֻլˡӳ̾Ŀںϡ
ڣѾӱ˴ߣδ֪ǵĸȨ죬οԴźӳ
үլʲô֮Ů˯ĺӣ˵
ӳĬ꣬ҡͷ˵Ҳ֪լк棬µѵ˵һ֮լɽլԱ֮ѪĳƷӶɱ
ŮһԷᷢ޶꣬δ˵¡
˵δ뾩֮ǰһ滹Ҫǿˣ˷ͨ죬˿ɵլڣ֮˸֮â
滹Ҫǿ󡭡Ů¶֮ɫ˵λ棬ڿɻţ
ӳ̫ȷ˵涼Ի200꣬λ棬ʱӦлڡ
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ٶȼ죬һׯ԰
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Ƿƿն˲䣬Ȼɽ͵һ𣬺¡¡Уһľ񣬴ɽ嶥
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413 ʼ
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Թۼڴ˵ʿ׷̧ͷĿתľľУڣԹ֮
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ʼɫ糣Ц֮ˣĳɱĻô֮˵Ŀ
ǰһ㣬ʱ󣬳Ż䣬Ϊɫķģ
Ӥ֮ʱֱ㷢ڣ֪ʱɻƽʱȫѨ֮ڣ岻ûлԼԼʹΪ˳
֮˶Żɫ԰ףܸܵϣҶʦϢȻǰ֮ɱ
ƽɨ˴һۣһץʱȦ̴Χ֮ƺȦҶ֦֮ɣȫѣգŹȦѸ˶ʱѹһѪ⡣
ȦʧѪΪĩһƬѪɢ
ڵʵɱˣѴңʹãϾ⾳뻯ʿͬڣ⾳
˿̵Ȼǰֻų׵ӤڣֻҪ㹻ʱӤ䡣
ֻʵ̫ϡ١
֮֮Ŀ¶֮ɫ
ȸӾȻЭ飬Щ졭Ǭ硭Ŀһ


414 ޸
ʿ˿ļ쳣׷Կȳ羴Ŀ⣬̧ͷ֡
λ׷ԲԵߣ˿߳ȺĶ־Ϲ˵Хμʼ档
μʦ棡߻䣬ʱеԹʿͬʱԶԶ
Ҳʼ档ҡͷ˵
˵˼ҾԹߵʼ棬һ㣬ڶǰڻ֮ʱѾڣʼĪҪƴǡ
̾һԹĴأ֮תۼ䣬ٶȥУʱһλƻ֮С
ʼˣ粻żϢգҵһĿеĿȳ羴֮ɫŨ
һʱ׿һ̾˵֣Թסհɣ㲻ȥڵĺô
һ׿ۣ׿ڵʵӣʶ˿̶Է̸ȴЩ죬һ֮£߶ʱ˲Ծ֮׿˵޶˫Ŀ֮ȴްڵ֮Уһֲɣ֮Ļ
׿һЦߴ䣬ȻһԲ֮ɫ˿֣ȷ׿˵ȻǼ٣ǿɬһЦ˵μʦ桭
·ХǵԴڵĵӣ㣬һ꣬һôȥ̬ɣ׿̾
·Хɬĵͷһʱ֮ĻЩ㱡
֣סڡ
ԹʿһЩɵ֮⣬ȫɢ׷׻صɽš
ڣΪеԹᵤʿһεĸеĽᵤʿУһӰʹǣӤĿܣ޵
ͬڲļԪӤʿҲĵİѻľ飬ָһӶʹǣڻãǿ˵·
׿뿪ڣǰΪڲһǿ󷨣֮£ԸһлʿΨӤΪſƽ⡣
һ˵󷨣νǾ޽Уһ˵ֻ弶ɣŻֱ󷨸ǿĻɽ֮
ΪԹһ飬ֶ֮أȻִ׿ȥһ˾ĬĬĿһҵĺˡ
յլڣֿһڣĿɰСʱĴţ㣬Ϊп
׿֮
ǰլļߣһʶ
׿ûлڣס£ǰ֮ͨһиڣǰңȻԶԶ֡
׼ôʱ䣬ػҵĺ
Թ֮£ˡ
лһǱյĺɡɱϾ̤ɵҡ뿪Թǰ׼һ̽
ʶһɨԹڴССɽжȫг֣һ֮£ʧԭء
ݼ䣬Թһ֮Ϊɽ֮⣬ֵӰ֡
һָӵĿ⣬ֿ˿ܣһ󷨣һӼ䣬δƳ󷨣ֱӴ뵽ɽڲ
ڣһ޴Ķֽ붴ڣĿһƬҳ
˵أѾ˾ס
ֻڶ֮ڣһ޴ʯϣɣеĴ֡
ɣ
̾ǰȥʯϵĻҳŴĬá
꣬ʶһɨһʯȥȥʯ֮ŵĽƣչǰģһżӣɢɢķһЩɢ΢Ĺ⡣
һԵĽڣһǣ⺡ǳϥ״ûκѿڣǰµĺۼȻԪͷ
⺡ǵʳָڵϡ
ǰĨȥĳһּ
ɣҶ桭桭
ֳĬ˺󼸲źǹľһ֣μǰ
̾һתЩһһʶ̽룬գһϣŲͣ¡
Ϸ޶ۣɲ㣬ΨԽ֮һΪȴ֪ΪΣʶ֮һϢػѣ⡭
һʣ˵Ϸ޷ʶؽ޷֮սԶʦ
ʮϷһΣһ֮꣬ɨغХݣΪ֮
Ѻ֮ϷлصþòɢǱϷһ׷ǱϷǰȻתΪҪǰѽ
ͷأصϷħһ޷ѣеȫϣңһҪ֮
ʮأڼϷϧ΢ϥʯɼ֮ɹѣȴû֮УȫϷַ
һ꣬٣ǿϮڼ
ϷںȻҲҪںΣ֮ʣϷ¯һΣʱޣһΣϷԷƣܿ죬һѴ󽣡
ڤڤ֮⣬˽¯ϷȻУѽ֮ڻڴ˽֮ͿĨһ˽̽
Ŵ˽ϷеĸоȻ併٣Ӳտƣ˽һ̣ҺƻصУΪǽ֮ꡣ
ָоҴ˽Ϊ޸ףȴ롣
ִ˽Ϸȫʧ뽣ڣ֮أҺ֮٣ϷЦգһھ޸֮ڣԵӣƴ˽
ַ򣬱˫ۣ𶯲ѣ֮˵أһպĿģҾ޸֮ԴҲĿ֮һ
ǰꡭ޸ɽһ޶ĪλǰĻڣ̺˵ɽɢһ˿겻ɡ
˫ۣĿ
Ӱʧ뿪˴˵ء
ʱڵľ⣬֮Ľʣڴ˵ؽռѷѰһŵõ
˺һռѷ죬̽룬һΣĿֻһǾǾ޸
˽Ϊ죬£ռѷڲ֪Ƿ񻹴ڣҴڴ֮ʱ֪Ƿ֮ɢϧΪ޷֪޸ڵĽ򡭡ְ̾ڿռѷʶɢһһѰ
ºüͷӿռѷ߳һ
˽Ѿ𡭡
ҪصڣѰҴ񣬽Ӥ䣡ֵӰһʧԭأһŴڣʧԹ
ȸһļڣ˵ѱռݣʿΪ帽ӹ˿̣ڴ˵ر߽֮վһˣͷñȫڽ֮ڡ
֣ڻˣصȸǵһ̣ǰȻ֪ϣ㲻ҪʧһĴжһö
ĳɱԪ⣬ӡѩ̩ΪѴ㣬棬ĳΪۣü⾳ϣǰԤüĵɣɾȸ֮ƣ
һ֮£ʧԭء
ȸ½¬һŴڣһȦȦ⻷䣬ֵӰ֣߳ӻһ磬ֱڡ


415 Ӥ䣨
һ·֮ϣʶɢʿ˲٣һɫѿǳ¶ɫҴң֮˱˴ʶҲһӦɢ
ַУȻüͷһ壬Զʮʿǵʶһķ໥һ𣬻ĺɨȥ
ʮʿУڣԪӤڡ
ǲĳˣÿһʿҪ鿴һ
ɨ֮λʱûʱǾŲǰһ̤ʧԭأĴʮ˵ʶʧӰ
ʮûзκ쳣ɨȥ
ٶȼ죬ãɽ֮⣬ڵĻɽѾγһɫĻԶԶȥԩҰһ㡣
ĺУʱǺɫڴڤ֮֮η
¬ʿûԸӽƵС
ֿڵĻɽ˿˵лް˫֮תſһ£ʱһâзɳǰһɳᦡ
ǰһ㣬޷Զ޴ᦲУֵһӰסѸٳɢɫĻɽ
ᦳ֮ʣЩ׷ãӲΪֿһ·ٶȼ죬һ֮£ʧ˺
ʱɽĺɫٴλָС̱ӿɡ
ڣ뵱뿪ʱû̫仯ֻڵµӣԽԵ㣬㵱ʮ֮һ
ԶԶȥŸ𻷣˿ֻʣ
ˡһɣлֻһѪǰ߳
֮꣬ԲϣȫɢһŨŨ˿֮
ǰ㡭˫ĿһϸĿ˶켸ۣ̾һ˶Ԫ;ƿݵĵز
㿴ˡ޷Ϸô׾ġһЦһЦ֮£ƺϵҲɢ١
Ϊ⼸꣬˲٣ȻѾɻľ磬дﵽӤڣָտɴϸĿһۣΪ𾪣˫Ŀ֮â
ֳ˵ǰ񣿡
̧ͷգһЦ˵ţصھΪҿ㲻ȱǶɡ
΢΢һЦҡͷ˵ΪʮᦣҲ
˫Ŀһ֣¶֮ɫЦãʮᦣģϷ֮ĻǣҲģ£Ҳģϲɷ˵صڣҪסϷô㣬Ҫر
Ϸر֮£ǱʮᦣڣССȸǣסţĽŲ뿪˵أҪѰһλãʢΪ޽ŰپʮɾڴҵʹڿԴﵽı׼
ţã
Ŀƽ֮£ûƽ޹ʵĸ裬ҪʲôҪһЩڶĻĺͬ꣬ͷ˵ԣ
ϸ֣ã̧̾ͷ˿գĵװʦ֣ҰһУѹ֮ϣϣղһС
һ˦˵
˵ţǰ·ֽ
Ӱ磬תۼԾɽ壬ںɽ
ִһֱգʱһһ޴ĺڶУ֮Уɫ磬һΣյϢȻɢ
˵ڽأΨ֮ˣſԽڣҲΥŹ档һ֮С
һ糣ȴǰԾ裬
е˲䣬һֺڴеĸоתۼǰһʱһ޴֮ܶڡ
ܶǰһǽϣʮɵơ
ӤʿλЩλһݡ
ͬ
¶һ˿΢ɲĵ˵ͷһģ̧ǽϣʱ¡¡ܻ֮
ţϥ£ڵʣ࣬ʥʱ˵˲٣ټϳʮӤʿѾ꣬ʣЩϷʦֵܶʱȥɽŪǲʹã㲻عǣ񲻹Ϸȥǣ˵ʲôҲҪڶʱӤɹ
Ϸʦ汲ʼ˴Ӥ֮ʣΪ񷢳ĸɣֱʮᦣȥһɲṻġ
ϷӤ䣬ʦʮᦣ弶ɡƽ˵¶һ˿⡣
ΨпЦڵȷ̫ԵʮȸӶ˼֮Ŵ˱ԺУѹӤʿô࣬ԭǹġ
˿̣ܵĺ¡֮ԽԽң΢΢Уһ˶ߵ񣬰εض
Ũʱܣϸһ޴񣬴Ʒϣ֮ǰãϾ̫̺ȻҲͶ
ϥأѸ
һǰһְΧм䣬ɢЩһɢ̱ڣһ޴УϷ
ģ֮ϵۿһɫϢֵ壬ӳһֱߣַա
վڲԶĶ죬Եͷ꣬һĴ̶߸˰ɫС죬һӣ߸ʱɳܡ
ʱһߣ߸Сɢ໥һγһͼΡ
˫һ㡣
ʱһĻСӵİ𣬳׵İְס
ţһҵ֮£ԼתٶȽ죬Ϸ㣬ǴûĹ
޾˷ȫÿһëףڣϵظı壬ʹԭڵҲѸתš
ģѾȴʱţȫ֮У˺˽⡣
ӤڣһתĽڣ˵ֻôһǿߡ
ӤʿܶҪķ޷ĳÿпޣ޷ʹá
ͬģ䣬Ҳһ෨޷Ψʹչֳ
ɽ񳵡
ʱţٶҲбһ죬ǰһգ΢Уϳѷ졣


416 ͳ
һѷ죬Ϻư̺һ֣ģѷԽԽ࣬ɫҲǰɫǳ״
һգǰǿһեɺǵһױһѷĩƼ˵ϣһСɽΡ
ͬʱǿҲͬǰ
ֵͷ޷ԶƮɢȫӿֵ֮ҪŨһɰѹڴݿܵ߸С죬ʱܲס׷ײձɢ
ֻ̧ͷվӣĿоһƽ
֮һĿһԽڴĶϡ
˫ۣĿдЦ˵ߣϷȥڵĴͳ˵սңҲֹڵͳ
һЦǰһ˺ʱһɫг֣һ̤롣
¶һ˿΢Ц󣬽뵽֮ڡ
ʱѾɽ֮У챳˫֣¾ȻһƬƣǰȥ
󲻽ĸ棬ڣı仯
˿̣ڣѾʣ࣬һ룬ѾתΪһڵֻ⾭ȵһнṹҪȥԣҪ񣬲ſӤ䡣
¬һһۿ߼ʵ֮أһƬŵ磬Բκ̡
һгֹȣڵĻʹô˵ض漫࣬һЩʿǡ
ԿһȺȺĳӣХǣߡ
УҲһЩޣȫǳ˾綾ֻЩ棬磬Լ󲿷ʱ䣬Щȫڴײḡˮ档
¬˷֮⣬߶֪֮أ̤벽ʲô֮أħɽڡ
ħƬ֮С
ħһȽصɣûɽŴȫǷɢɢķʽƬ޴֮С
ڣһЩ˵󣬵ȴݣԾסħĵӣסЩڣɢɢ鲼֮ء
ħĵӣ˴֮û̫ͬ꣬ǶɵĹǳ֮֮شĶ棬ҲΪǵ˲ٱ
һգԵλõϣӰһһ٣ϵλ£ͷףȫƤǣ˱˫֣Ŀ䣬ȫɢж׷׾ߵϢ
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ˣǶ֡
Ȼᳵ·ֱӴһƬ󣬶пţħ֮˲ͷβģҸ㣬ħĵӣϱӶǺӣ֪ôʦ񣬶ϵѰˡ
˵꣬һץʱʮᦳУɴ֣һ䣬ŽµĴƬֻһӣʱڻǺХ˷ɨȥһ̣ɫ䣬תơ
ϵ˷λãȫǻƣǺ֮˻֮𣬻һڷܣ¡¡ɢȥ
ʮϽǣǳֺ¶˷֮âԸ̳һ棬һɢ
Ŀһȵħĺǣڶүүˣվɣ񣡡
ʧЦԴǵҲȤĪ˼񣬻¹ʲôزɡ
ֲ֪ڰԵˣ챻ʦ˵ʱ˵ľ仰˵ʦʦҲ˵Ĳ˼
֮µȷйء
ڴŭĺУӰ磬ХЩͼǵĻǣδ㱻һ壬ˡ
Ҳδ˺ǣǱ˶ѡ
ϹûˣһȫϺۣ߲Ѫߣ̺
һˣǸ˵вƣ˫ĿȴǼΪɿһϺӵߣŶ죬˵Ϲһܸˣϴδ֮ʱˣŻָ˴룬Ϊպ룬ܸ㡣
Ŀһϣüһ㣬ڰ·ѹס⣬ʱӿֳɳƵ˵磬Ԫꡣ
һɫ΢䡣
Ϻ۵ҲЩѿֹڣһȺӣԼԪȫʮӲ񡭡
һЦ˵ûϷԪ꣬Ȼգ뿪ҲǴ򣬲ڵж棬Ҫ֡
Ϻ쳤۵ߣŭЦҪ˵ɿһ˵Ϲαأ֣Ȳ˵ǷᱻҶ˱ԵСҿԺܿ϶ĸ㣬ɡ
΢΢һЦһ㣬ʱɽɳһɨ֮£âХһһ˿˵ûȫӤ䣬ٻǿʹһ˿
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ɫ䣬ѸһץʱһǳУһ֮£赲â
顱
һ촫ǹǶʱѣɻңͬʱâҲ£ɢһա
ɫΪѿͬԱߵǸϺ쳤۵ߣҲɫһ䣬֡
λ½Ļôƽ˵
˭ղһ̺֮һû⣬ʵ֮ǰʱѾֵΪڻӤ֮䡣
̶ֳȵʿ˿̣ôҲû뵽ǰ֮˾Ȼɱ
ʹķǺƷʣ֮Ϊ鱦
ͬʹķ֮Ϊɱ
νɱǿȫ룬ķӳ֮ķһ෨粻Ǻܳһ˵һӤʿ󲿷ֵ׷󣬳˽ʶ֮⣬ǿԻһɱ
ͬӤʿɱûɱĲܴ࣬ӵɱӵ˿ĻֻһЩͨʩչվһ
⣬һЩ顢֮䣬Ҳɲٿأ˵ӣҲ֮ʹҪǿ෨αɱ
ʮᦡᦣǴ෨


417 ս
ķʣ΢Ц£ţ
һһۣ˵Ի֮ΪɱѩԪ⣬ɱ˾ħ棬ţӵȷ㡣
̾˵ӤڵΪɱֲѣɶڣһûаɱ֡
һߵĸߣ̾
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һЦΪֵı֣֮ˣ͸ˣ
ϻ˵ˣչأһ롣˵
˿죬Ŀһ˵һԣϹڶιڼħУҪְһΣ
쿴һۣ˵Ҫһжˡ
Цӻóһһֱۣӳ˵ġ
ӹʶһɨɫùŹ˵ħϱĪĶǺӣϴαʦô࣬ôڻЩĪʲôԻ񲻳ɣ
ɫ糣ƽ˵ͲҪˣסҵԼ˵꣬һԶȥ
Ϻ쳤۵ߣҲĿһۣԥһ£һȭת뿪
㣬֣¬ѹ˴һ·Ǽʶ˶İԵֳʮᦣֱҪʯãұѻǷųƾֻʣԪЩɺúһ
ڵĶתԨԶɣ׷ͳˣնӳ
Ƽôڵ磬ԺʮҲҪˣĪҪ׹ڵһĴЦ
˿̵˵ȻŨֿȥȴǿĸоԷĺһɽѸС
ڣһλҪʶҪռɨȸǣȥһȸʮΪ̣ʶϹ֣ҲײԸ֣ӲǱŪ˴񡣡˵
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Ͼֳʮߣһԡ
֪Ϊڴӿʼһ弶䵽ڳΪһˡİ
λʶʧܣˡʵҲͬѣǲҪȥʶϹ֣˵ڣƾʮᦣ弶ߣĸɣǱĸĸ֣Ҳûϵ
ٴοЦ
İԵֹ¬˵¬컹ϾҶһʿ̫
һ¬İԵǳʶ
µʱ䣬ĸ弶֮ƻȳһ㣬һЩ嶼յòϲļ
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񣬱ۣ봢ڡ
ڵĸ弶һ·ŭ˴˹ӤʿĸӤʿ֣ҪΧ졣
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һս֮£ûгֵĻᣬĸӤʿʱ䣬Ƕûɱģˣһ˳Ϊꡣ
£ŵĳ̶ȣʱֿòóñͷϣƾϵĽâڸò
պΪЩ֮ˣѰ鷳
ĸ弶ʮɣϰٸ壬Ǽ¬һʮɡ
£Щ˴һգֹͣ˼
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㹻ڸȥҪΪֻһٴﵽӤڡ
ȸ̫СˣʱȥһΣȥһǣȸǴʮɼ࣬ȻҲͶˣʵȥһһܹ񫡣˵ڣкܶ֯ȥ񡣡̾Ϣ
ǡ˫Ŀһ
ϵӣΪɲ⣬˵ϣҲһϯ֮λԶССȸӿɱȡ˵
ֳҪڶһЩʱȻɫһ䣬ңԶʶһĿȥ
ֻԶһƬƺ֮Уһɺһ㣬ХΧһۿ߼ʣ಻
һɺķ֮ɢ
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һսʿ䣬壬Ҳ൱ʶڵʦڣЩȸԼʶϹչɱ
һվ꣬ûг˿ʳγȸĶԳ֮ս
ⳡս֮Уȸӱ˷ֱüǬ硣
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һ֣̰ѵȫȫѹ£Ϊ֮Ů
ƺѾȥעŮ
˽ֵģǴŮݣһȸӵ״ӣδȸѡ֮һ
ŮһסҶʦ൱ӤڵİҶʦҲŮһ
һ硣
˶ԴŮΪ֮עģһ㣬üŮĵƾһŴ֮ģ˾磬Ůһûɱһˣ壬Ҳֻܲɱ
ڶ㣬ŮȻĿÿһʿ̹ΩǴӡ
һЩԭҪʧܵսΪŮĳ֣ʹȸǵʿڴŮİ£Ϊʤ
ŮһУ˫֮һ
һ콾Ǭ磬ӢΪͬӤڣϿ֮ɫеֻĶţĴ壬ֱޱȡ
ĵڶ꣬Ȼ֡


418 ʮᦵ
һ֣壬նǿ峤һսʱ䶯ȸǡ
˵һսΪȸδһ̳˵֮ս
һվǬ˵峤ƽ֣δȡʤȴʱǲע⵽ݣüʦ֣ȸӵĵУǬڶ
֮⣬Ǭ绹һݣҲȸ֮Ϊ֮Ŀ
ˣһȸӵĺˣ
һδսУǬ°£մȸ峤ǩһЭ飬ȸݻ
ĿԶǵغХĴƬ˷չ˵ڶνţܸоƬУһ൱Ӥڵʦûʶҿ͸ᦼǳȥ
ɫ糣һԶĺһץڵʮᦻûһ֮£첼ʱ裬ĻֵӰס
ͬóʮᦣһ֮°ȫ֣˻ɫǣһƿԩУĺȥ
̴ǺУʱ¶ˣ˿ֺ̣Хֱӳȥ
ЩҪ̴֣Ӻһȳ⣬ʱ˷׷ɢóһ·
һȫûаӡǵӣһϮĿ磬Ӻ߳ߣһձߣɫʱԼ
һ۾ϳ߱ǵ֮ʱ׷ɱռѷ죬ձְѣʧѷ֮ˡ
֮ĳ϶ȻǱϳ֣ǲݡִֻŲñȫڻ겼֮ڣ˵Ҳ޷ϳ
ڣ˵˫Ŀ͵һǰһֱ̤˶ǰ
λ֮ˣ°ɣ΢΢һЦǰһġ
䡱
һ촫һ֮£ʱһ֣֮֮һһ˶ܡ
ɫ΢䣬ڶԷ֮£ʱǿҵµΣС
Ҷʦӻڴ
Ļһ֮£ǺХʮϽǸǺһ㣬ܡ
ҳ壡
ʱЩһ̷˷ХȥʮϽǣϬ쳣Ӥµ壬֮
üͷ΢壬ǽǧŽ˾Ҷ൱ʿеʶڣûмʶʮᦵֻڵһЩ伮˵ǰǳսУΪɵķ֮һ
˿һɫЩһӣʱܵĺѸɢͬڵˣȫ˺γһհ׵
һЦ̳תۼƪԶȥ
ľ˼ǰУ峤غϣȥһʮᦵӷԸһǰһ̤Ŷ׷ȥ
ձ̵ͷɺٴǰС
ߣȻһ٣ЦľҶʦ׷ţ㿴ˣΪʶʿ˼ɵʮᦣ
˵ţתӣң壬һ磬תۼ׷ǰӡ
첻˵ϻֱ˫ҧǰһ磬кȵڣʮ֣
Ȼ䣬һգƱһźĻ֣أһ˲˵
ޱ޼ʣ޵ԩ˻ʱص
ֻһǣӻڷɳ鲼֮䣬УʮϽĿ⾼ӡ
ˣᦵ÷ʮȣȫĻ겼һɢ»ɻᦱǰһӡ
ʱ֮ڻǣ̰ĳֹƮܣʮΪģȻγһ޴󷨡
ֶԽ󷨵裬Ҳֻܿ޷ϸ
꣡ȣǰһץ
ʱɻɵ󷨺ȻһеĻǣһ̣ͳһһĳ
̼䣬һɺɫϢЩӿֳһ𣬾Ȼһֻ֣˿̵Ķһķһ㡣
Ŷһץϣ̳һ˸âӰ⣬Ǵ˵ĻǣǴȻ¡
ĿһҲʹʲô̧һ㣬£
һ£ץĴֹͣһ
һץʱϰϢۡ
ӿ£ϢɢΪȻȥ޴ͭܡ
ٴ˵ʱ޴ͭһ֮£ϳһķģЩ˸г֣ͭת
ͭˣγɸ޴У֮ڲϵת
һɲɣϢʱ󷨣ЩһЩƮڣ飬ɢһա
ɫ糣ЦǾҶʦҲЩֶΣʮۣ꣬
ʱɵȻתһΣڻǺȻʮ۶ȥתۣʮʵ
ڻʮ꣬ʮʵʱÿһ൱Ӥڣڣơ
һΣӵɫڱˡ
Ŀ䣬˵ûأʮ꣬һ
һ䣬ʮȻһܳһӰӰʧʮһγһǡ
ڻǡʮ꣬һγһꡣ
˻һ֣ɫ䡣
ʶӣ˿
ûɴ۶֮꣬Ϊﵽʶ֮Ⲣʶʮ
꣬ӤʿеӤʿǰΨһźԴﵽʶǰ޷ﵽڻڲϵϵ׳
գһ𣬻һγһ൱ʶʵ
⣬Ҳᦵȫֻһְˡ
ϾˣʶпɶԿȸʶڣȴǲСȸΪ֮ɵģչֳȫǿʮеĵĻ꣬˻꣬ײ֣ȸɵĴڡ
ӣ˵Ϸղɱ㣡ȸսڲ룡
ɫΪĵķŭʵǶûʮᦣɱ֮׾١
Ŷ죬Ĭ꣬˵ˣ޷вңĪʮᦣֻЩɡ
һЦĿ磬˵ʮ֣꣬
лһӣʮӤ֣ĬĬƮܡ
һΣӿɬһЦ˿̣ʮᦣ֪ΪڶԴΪɵԭ
ڲҷȸս´ŵڰ벽ӳ
˵꣬Զһȭת뿪
лһջлǣּ۶ȥ
ʮᦡĿ֮ǰһĻ¶һ˿ȡ֣֮ﶼȥã


419 ȸ˾ͽϣ
ʮᦵ㿴ΣУ̸һ˿⡣
ǿֳ
һЦ˵ᦣûȷеʹ÷˵棬ó󷨣ǴУ󷨴ڡ
ֱʮ棬˼ҵ⾳ΪɣԼɻǣӶ׳ԵС
֮Դ֣Ϊ˻һ㲻ͨǱںϡղſǸʶ֮꣬ں϶˵޷õıʶʵȴһڣʶʿһ
Щǿͨ˻вʶڵģǵ꣬ᦵĵֹֻ꣬һΣһΣһλʶڵ棬ȸ֣ӭսȸǵĸǵʶڴͨߡһ߷иȸ½¬һΪϸĽᦡ
ʵһ˵ĿģģȴָΪֱӵ˽ᦣԱִƴᦡ
֣νǺģͬĵմһ㡣
Щйᦵ֮£ֻʦͽ֮䣬Ż˵ʦͽ֮˿̣ȴʦͽ֮ʵ
˫Ŀһ˵ȸ֣
ͷ˵ûսʤһȸ뵱ʱļʶϹְ峹׷ӡָһΪȸӡ
۲ŴԣΪ˵ã֮ȸӶһѹ弶ִȸǵʱ˵̣һǧڣΪȴȸߵһ˵Ѿֻʶ֮󣬾һ㣬ֻ벽
ˣ֮ȸǹһǿߣ
˻һ˾ͽϣ˾ͽߵһ仰˵Լȸǵһǿߡ
˽ʲô֣
ʱ꣬ﻹ˼ǵֻ֣֪Ƕȸˣһȸӻ֪ɡҡͷ
սΣּʵ
䲻̾˿ֵݴţλ棬ȸӭսʿսļҳ̶ȣ˿ӭս顣治УϾʶڰˣóĻ꣬űɱһʿĻȴ˼أճ˯˵ӦûָĲˡ
սʤȸȴǱԷ׷ɱѶ컺˵
һ뵽˵˾ͽ˵ӭսʿ
ձǼƵԪӤӣŽұס
˾ͽ϶Ǽ˵ĺޣֻݡ
ն˵ȸ˾ͽϣΪơ
Ŀһȸг϶˾ͽǵĶȸѺ󣬻᲻һȸ
ʲôأ쿴֣ʵ
ֳƬ̣˵ȸǴȸûǷһȸ
һЦҡͷ˵Ȳ˵ǶȸǰǷţҲȥһȸ֮ʶǾݴţǶȸһȸж뿪ȸȥĥȥˡ
ֵ˵ͷĿһʵȸһ
һȸǵʮĴҲ˳۵һһ˵
ֳĬȻ˵ǰղ˵飬Ǻ
ҡͷ˵Ҳֻ֪Ǵɵ伮ڼ¼ս֮ʱֹ飬飬ʹҷʶʿ䡣ˣ˵ˣȸ½ҪˣǾصڣӤ䣡˵꣬ٶͻȻӿ죬Զ۶ȥ
м¼䣬߼ԶСȸһ飬˿ԶԶȥǰȸ½ҡҡ
ˣĸʿУڼ¼һ˵֣Գǣֽɶ࣬ûӦþȻȥҰЩ伮㿴˵
ɶ࣡һ
ôˣת֣¶һ˿ɻ
˵ɶ࣬Ҽ
һ˫Ŀ̱â˵ɶࣿ
ְйɶ飬Զ콲һ
ȤڵϹΪͻʶһı߼ʣĻȻܴ񡣡˵
ٶȷɿ죬磬ȸ½תۼ䣬Ѿȸ½ıԵҪֱӷ֮ʱ
ʱֺȻĿһһһץס֣ˡ
ֻһɫĻȻǰȸ½ıԵĻ̫ȸ½
ȸ󣡡ɫѿ
ȸȸǿ󷨣ɴСȫչȸǣԿʿԼ޵Ľ
СʱԱһˣǿޱȡ
ȸζԿ壬˺ܴľģȸÿһΣʯ޷󣬸Ҫܣٺ٣һʶڡĿһǰһ㣬ʱһָɢһâХĻ֮ϡ
âһٽĻ֮϶ʱζһɵȭͷȻûһȭںâϡ
顱
һ󣬺âʧȭͷջĻ
ȻоħѪҺУʹȸ˾ħ֮ͨЦ
ϴȥħ壬º󻼣Ϸȥħɱһʡպ鷳㵱뿪֮ʱȸӵĶǬ磬ȥһ˾ħ壬оħ֮ȫ⿪ӡǨȸ
ҵʱ㻳ȸΪģԭǿ˾ħͨ˾ħ˵ѪҺȸڣ;߱һľħ츳ͨ
ֳĬ߳ڣҲ㡣
Ŀкâһȸ󣬴ȵȸ½ΪΧÿڱ˻ۣϷĻϷȰȸһȱڡ
ϷޣֻϢʱ䣡
ϢһӰĻ֮ڣһͷ޷Զ£òӢȴйа֮ɫӿ֣˿
ǰϢŭǡ΢΢һЦݵ˵
򿪣˵
а̧֣һĻʱĻһȱڳ֣һһȸ½
ֽ
ʱаĿһһģʱĻϲĿһ⡣
СĿ䣬аӡ
û˿֮ɫº͵ЦǰϢŭûж⣬ֻλȸǵţдһ°ˣţɸһս
аӿĻ֮֡
Ǻˣüͷ΢塣
ţѣǵһμ棬¶ȴѾãµС檺Ƕа΢΢һЦ
Ǭ磡Ŀһ


420 Ǭ
аº͵ĵͷ˵û뵽־Ȼ֪֣ǵƤʦãǰ˵ҲٵĻɡ
ˣǬ磬ȸûʱĻ°ɣ䣬
ǰ¿ûж⣬ĪǰѰҵļ̳ˣһսûôǰģ¾ɱֻ֣дѡǬЦ
Ц̧֣Ҫʩչ֮ʱֺȻ˵ãұһս
ǬĿһһЦһ̤֮£Ļ߳վǰʮ֮⣬ЦãֲɱԪħ֮
ֲ˷ϻڶԷ߳Ļ˲䣬һĴɽ֣һն£ʱѶԷ̸ϡǬ˵ǵһμ棬ȴǰøоޣһ֣óʮֵʵ
һնɾ䣬硣
ǬĿкâһҲʹ÷ǰһ㡣
䡱
޴صʣһնɽ̺֮֮ѰӴУһ̺֮ĿǰԷӵļޣһ֮£ˡ
Ǭˣһֱ˳֮⣬жϵɽ֮ȫ֮ǰƮݣ˫Ŀâɽһһֵ˵ɱ
ʳָ˿΢һѪָ£ֻұۣ˿ҲǺ֪
һ֣ȫһ㣬Ǭûϵ
һǬſ³һâһգʱʮᦳУһ֮£лǣʱȫХ
֪Լʵ޷սʤǬ磬Ͼ˵ΪӤڡΨ֣Ĵ˴ֲ
ڻһĿм£̣
ڻУʮ꣬ʮЦȥǬ硣
Ǭ߳ĻڱڻǰΧһжڼʱڷ쵽ǬЩֲ
Ͼǲ˽֣ҲӣĻΪȻóᦵĻᡣ
̫ɣҪ֪ݣôҲҪ˵仰ڿǣ־ȻĻֵ˲乥Ϊʵ͵Ϯɡ
峤һսҲûǱ
һĻĶĴãЦţȷڵľ裬ѣ־ҪȻ
˿Ǭ类ڻᦰΧЩǺХǿĳʮ꣬Ƕв
Ǭһɨ֮ǰºͣ˿̴һ˿һĴʱһѻɫ׶ӣг֡
ȸ׶üͷһ壬İȸӶǬȷ谮Ҳȷʹá
ţȸӵķαɱ󡣡촫
Ŀһǹ֮ˣ˿Ŀ˸âµ
һֱڻԱ
䡱䡱䡱
ڻǺȻԱǬɫ䣬˵׶ӣϥ˫ʱȸ½ȸһΣתۼȸ½ʧ˲Ǭϡ
ֻ˿â磬εض𣬴һ޴Уܺɨȥ
ڻԱǿʹâҵĻζڵǬ磬һһѪ
ְ̾һ٣ʮ𣬴˿ȸ½ϵʧݵ߽ȸ½վ˶ԡ
ֵᦣ˿ʮ󣬻һâֵԪ֮зɳ뵽˶ڣʮںϡ
ֵ÷ᦣܣȫꡣ
̧֣Ŀְַ£ɱǬ磬ȸǶõĻ꣬Ļ޷Ƴػһϵȸ
ĿƽƸղŵһսδһ㡣
ϢǬϵĻɢɫ֣߳Ŀ͸һ߷ŭ֮ɫɷŭ֮ɫ㱻˿󣬴ٴλָº֮ɫǿЦֶֺΣǬĳǼʶˡ
˵ƽ˵ĿڲԶĴ΢һ٣̾һһת뿪˵أڷȥ
ٺһЦǬһۺɨ˲ԶĴ֣׷֣ʧʡ
Ǭзŭ֮ɫٴʧķսȭͷȵ
һԵĴڣ߳һˣ˴ź£òˣֻ˫Ŀȴ͸ãȻͣһûľżһ㡣
ǬԺǬ͵תͷ̧𣬵ںüģʱɫԽӲ԰ףɿš
Ǭ磬ɫԽԽ죬ڸղܻԱĲƣѸٻָתۼָ糣
ջָһָϱַɽ˿ڣϻһ˿Ѫ
ɾǬָںߣſСڣǬָͷŪ
Ǭ翴һۣǼʧķ֣ңˣʦʹˣЩͿôʦȥĵأ⾳ҵģʦõ⾳Ҳҵģһ㣬˭Ҳı䲻ˣߣʦ⾳пܣҲɵ
ţ̫ҲͿˣ˱׸ȸţѾʦУʦѾ˴ģҪѴŪ֣ҵҪ㻹ܳжã
죬һ·ٶȼ죬صڡ
ڣ뼸ǰ뿪ʱûʲô𣬻صں󣬶ûЪϢֱӴֽ뵽˺ɽء
콻һ֣ıչأȡӤ䣬ϷΪ㻤ֻҪҲκ㣡
ֿŶ죬֮лл
һЦֵлסӦҵͺá
˵ǰģ
˵ͷһʧ˽ضڣʱ˶֮⣬ϥ£ʶɢĴػ
ǰʮᦾƮ
ţҲһڻԱֻǷᦣȫǴϻû˵һڻԱȴδֻѡĻϷ򶨻ʹѡ
Ŵᦣ¶֮ɫĿ⣬ڿǿһ㡣
棬죬ԪҪϾҪȥˡ¶һ˿꣬˵
ֵʮϣʱһӤɳüĿɷ֮ɫ
Ŵ˻꣬̾һʦ֣ҰᦽţҲ֪ǶǴսԱ棬ţպ󶨻뿪ȸǣʱΪһ˿ĺɡ
˻һ󳤴أ棬ֻصȨԸĨǳΪ꣬Ҷ죬ȻҲ˺ʦ֣ңǺܿͻۣĿǴüĿ꣬


421 Ӥ䣨գ
ϥڽضڣŶµĴʶһɨɫ̱ĹŹ
һ·ϣ˵֪ѹεܶ࣬ȴûʵʿЩɽ񣬶ֱ봢ڡ
˿һ֮£ɵΪ֮ľ
ССһװе񣬱ȥɽȡõ񣬶ٱֹѹôӤʿ
Ŀһдһ̴ܣ˲䣬˼䶴ڣ̱Ũơ
ֻǴڵһֶѣְѴźã̱˫ۣʼա
ıڣϵѹĥڵһ̣֮ǰѾ˶Σᳵ·Ŀʼ˳Ӥ䡣
Ŵ룬ڵԽԽۣγһȭͷС򣬴ʿĽЩƣʵϣȴǲء
պܵȫ˻ɫϳƣΪĩûͣ٣ٴһĴдɳܡ
գδϣѸ͵ڣ˳žߣһѹһ߸ֵѪ⾭Լ
Ӥ䣬һʹʿ壬׵Ķ̥ǣȥӵʺת塣
ʵڵɽ粢δ֮ʱʿ֮ɽ磬񣬶ϴڽݣֻ£ϴȥӵ塣
ڣɽ飬ϴʧ٣ĿǰеʿӤһУҪһȥ
ȥ˷󣬱ӤĵһڵڶԪʵñʵ塣
˵޷ȡʵ֮ԪȴǱ֮ҪǿԱ֮
ĳ˵ԪӤӤԪӤ꣬Ӥ䣬һɱ䣬Ӥ׵ĳΪ׳꣬ͬʱлԶԪɱȡ
˾ͽϵԪӤ޴Ӥڵı֣ʹʶڣͬҲӵԪӤֻͻʶﵽһΣŻµı仯
Ǹξ˵̫ңԶ
ʱһȥڵѾһ뱻գܣѻһȦȦѳɻҵĺۼ
ڵһգǵһУѣһ˲䣬֮ӿӴգۼ䣬ڵȫսڡ
˿ܸոóҲ˲ȫڵӿ룬˳ֵ屻ѷڡ
ģ壬ɫı䣬ӿʼɫ͸â
ֵһֱѣڵı仯Ĺžڿһ˰㡣
꣬еȫѷպɫ׸ı䣬ȫ˽ɫ˿ǰڳ֮˾𵤵Ĳ֮ͬ
ʱȻ˽һȻ֮ԽԽ࣬պһ£һڻصѣ͵йԪʱ޴ߣҪعʱȴһɴֹԪ롣
ֵԪƮϿգȥһۿԿڵһб仯
˿ǽѣУһоȫ飬壬ͺһռӣһƬհףֻ
Ƥëף˿ȫſһ˿˿ܣһƵĸоӿֶ
꣬ЩӺë˳ĿڱϣһڣΪһѭ
ģֵˮһ㣬͸ϵ˿̺ڻһ㣬ʧֻ¡
ڣΪһЩȫ죬Ȼʺת
ϣѪҲ֮˱仯Ҳ̺һ˿˿˿ˡ
һḶ́˲֪ʱգʱ䣬ֵԪʼƮ֮ϣγԽʼնֹ⣬һ㣬޷롣
һ죬ɢһ㼫Ϊˣһ㡣
͸ƮɢڶĶ죬Ȼ˫ۣĿ¶һ˿֮ɫӤһˣǵڶԪ
˫ܰȥһâ˸Ѷܰγһܷ֮أֹЩɢ
Ӥʿһɺ󣬴һЩԼᣬڱǲٿػǵڣЩ겻գĻñգСһΡ
ЩޣϷҲ£ڻɽ󣬱ɰ⣬ȸϣϷȴޣδ֡
ʿӤһնؿ˵ж커ȻᵣģɶЩɢԼʵ֮˵ȴǼΪ
Ӥڼ䣬ʿȫ޷֮Ԫ񱻳壬ȫճһЩĻǣͿɽ˻塣
ЩޣҲǶԸոӤɵĸȤУĵر֮ͨ
ǱԪصӿЩûá
ڣ˿ԪһץϵĴ̴򿪣ɳܣʱӿ֣һΣûٱգȫԪԱߣԪ
һɼΪˬĸоӿģܸо룬Ԫ񽥽ԽԽԽԽʵ
һָ̣飬֪ԼԪ񳹵ʵ󣬱һˣӤɹ
ʵԪḶ́Ϊ
ڶ⣬˫ĿһӼ䣬ڷɳһϽ꣬һȫɢŨܺĹ»һץסקصڡ
ѾǵʮŸˣһЩǣϧûгӤǣĻֿ꣬ɶһֹ
ʱȻһϽ֮âԶ˸ɽԴâûκãֱӱֱ
˫ĿһһЦɽͱٿأ赲ǽ룬Դ˻꣬ſ˳
ĺãбâһӵվһץǳϽץȥ
Ͻһ䣬ʧԭأܹƣŶ¡
ۿ˻ǾҪ붴Ŀһ֮䣬תۼվǻǰЦϧδӤ䣬ֻǴڱԵѣܲģ˵ţǰһָʱһ޴Уǰ
ȣǻǴһХѸٺˣȴһȵգ
Ӵڷӿ֣ʱϽɼбȥ
¶һ˿΢ЦʱȻڵĻɽ󣬴һ޴ĺ̼䣬Ƭױ
޴죬춯أ̴ڣڵɽ壬˿ҲȻһʯɽУһƬѣڵĵӣ׷׾
֮ϣһ۵ĻӰӰɢһϢǿ󵽲˼飡
һ̣ʧɫΨдӰڡ
ȸӣɫΪѿϾǻˣһӣʮ֣һ֮£ǻ


422 ȸ
죡ȸһϮ쳤ۣͷ޷ԶӿЩϣĿ棬˸һϵĸо
վرʧɫһеĹâҫ˴˵ĺɫ֮ϣгȸǵǿϢ
ϣܲĴڣ޷ǣԴˣʶʿҲΪ֮ˣʶڵϹ֣Ҳ᲻˲
ȸϣĿǰΨһʶڴͨ
ȸǵ֮
ȸԼʮȸΣ֮ʣڱϷᦣ죬ȸƽ˵
ƨսʮᦣȸӣȵôδ˵ȸԼȸǹֱþǣذڳǸ˶ĵ̬
ȸӿ˶һۣ΢΢ҡͷ̾ϢһȸʼЭ֮£㲻֪ϷȴǴӵ伮˽£Ϸ򲢷ǽ裡˵ţǰһץʱɫ䣬һâȻ˷۶һֻɫĴ֣찴ȥ
ʮһʱƮʮڻǣԥȫͷų֮⣬˵Ļ֮ʮ꣬ҲѸ͵ĳ
Բ֮ڣȫһɫĻǸǣдĺԼ˻ź
ŮŮʮڻǵ֮κҪǿ¡¡֮ڵĴأ̳ѣɽʱ̮
ʮڻгĻʮ꣬Ǳȥȸ֮ͨûĺɫ˺ƬɢܣݺݵĶȸӡ
죬Ȼڤ粻飬ϷֻʼʩѵʮᦣϷ˵裬ǽ裬ỹ㡣ȸӿһܺХӿʮڻǣ˫ͫ΢΢һգƽ˵
裿ҪãЦ¶Ц
ȸɫݣ˵ȸ꣬Ի㡣
ȸһѵڣ裬Գ֣Ŀкâһ˫ǰ㡣

ʱܵʮڻ̷˲ٶѸֱᵽʮڣţʮֱ˴ںϡ
ȸĿںϼȥһץʱһɫëС
ëǰһͣʱëȼĹ⡣
ȸʥ𣡡ȸӲɣд
ʱȼеëһһ±ʱһĻ棬ëΪĵ㣬ɢգۼ˷Բ
֮ڣ޷󣬶ʱڵɽ壬ȻɫճҺ壬Һһ֣
ֱչصĶ˿Ҳ֮£ʧһͬʧٵģڵ֡
ڣһ˲䣬ʧȸǣһжʧˣͬڵٵӣһδ֣ڽ֮ڵĻʿһӹ˽١
Ҫںϵʮ꣬˿Ҳɢ̣¶ʹı顣
ȸ𡭡ɫΪѿܣ˿̷öɫɢ֮⣬סϮ
죬к֮£Ϸ򱾲֣һУȡֲϷ򣡡ȸɫƽͣ˵
ҧ⣬һѪϥأ˫кȵ꣬ݣ
죬ıĵţ˵ʦ֮ͣԴһ֣֮ǰ˵ÿһʮᦵĳߣиԲͬʹ÷ʽķʽǶݣ
ʮ꣬˸⣬Щһ䣬ʮʱʧԭأȻޱȵȸʥڶݳ˶ǰ
ףȸ¶֮ɫ
ڣٴһѪǰһϣʱһ̼䣬ʮĻڡ
գۼ䣬һȸӿƣȻ֣һ̣պƱһ˺룬ߣ죬ȸӡ
ұߣâգʮꡢʮڸһγɵʶڻǡ
һֳŵһӣʱ֮ڵĻ棬ıɨұߵĲ֣ȫϯ˵ߡ
һϣҲǺڷ
ȸͫһգɫЩѿʶڻǣ˵ӵдᦣɳ֮Ϊȸǵ챦
ɫ԰ףԪֻʣһ࣬˿ʹ˻ᦵĴں֮Ȼ;ƿݣĿ¶âɱ
ʶڻδǰһӣմһ֮Ʋ㣬Ŵ˵ۣת֮㻯Ρ
һۿȥȴ볣졣
ʶǽһ̤ںϣ˲䣬˫ۣĿģȸӡ
Ƴ壬ȻʶڵֶΣϾں϶ɣҿάֶ೤ʱ䣡ȸɫѿ
˵꣬һһâ˸䣬һƳ̵ĺɫСǰ֡
˽һ֣ʱĻ棬̺Ʊһ㣬ӵ뵽˴˽֮ڡ
˽Զ֪һȸõ󣬱ȸȸ˵ţڴ˽һ㡣
Ƿɽ̻һâӿӴһһȻ޵Ľӽ
˽ɱ
Ŀһһӣʱֻұ壬ǰȻһ䣬һѰɫķɽ˽Сӣȸɫ֮⣬һһɢҲͬӴ
һ֮£ɫС̺Х
˫ǣײһ𣬵֮УɫɽȻУڽ˺󣬵ȸҲǱɫСٶԻ
˶ȸӣ¶һ˿΢Цһ̼ӱ˰֮ǰɽһһСͬӿӴһ֮£˰ѷɽȻѴȸʣѣһȸӡ
ȸɫѿ˺ɣһĴ̶һɫĺ«дʣѸٺȵգ
ѷɽ̱һɴ֣ȫź«ӿ֣תۼ㱻ڡ
ȸĿһҪԴ˺«ʣİѷɽʱȻǺ«ڴ֮Ȼ䣬һ춯صȻ䴫
һ£Ǻ«ʱѣ޼᲻ݵķɽԥĴȸӡ
ͬʱȸİѷɽҲƵõٻ˦ȸ˸
ȸɫ䣬ˡ
ǲУᦻûɵʶǣ乥֮ƴ˵аʤձزˣƽ֮ʱҲͰˣԪҲʣ࣬һˣ
ҪǣĵڶδѾչʱˣٲ


423 Ī
ֻǣˣ˻ľŰѷɽȴǱ绹Ҫϼ֣˲١
ȸĿǰջһӡӡһ֣ʱһӴϢȸȫ
˿̣ɽ١
䡱
һأȸ½Ȼ䴫
ȸӵӣһ㣬Ѹٵˣˡ
ǰӡɢ˵ûˣɫȴǲ԰ף֮ǰƮ֮ɫһȥա
Űѷɽʧˣ»һǣ֮䡣
ǰһĻпɬ˵ȸӡ
ȸӡֻÿһȸӲſѧϰ֮ͨɣÿһȸӣһȸ֮Ĺڣһȸи
ӡһȸ죬ڳΪ˴ͨ
ȸӡ֮²ΪȴӵǿĲ˼ӡֻһΪһΪأ
ν޼᲻ݣأ֮ȸһҲҪǿһ֡
ӡ֪Ժֶδһϣÿһֻһ˿գһգǴеڶѧᡣһȸӣһȸմӡҲɥʧӡͨ
УʹȸӡĳģΣֻ˴ӡ֮˲֪ȸӸղãӡ
ɢɫ԰ףȸӣȻЦ˵ϷԪϾ֮ǰܿǱһĻҲʹ죡
ȸɫѿŴ򲻵ѣʵڲԸʹȸӡǹ־ǲԸóҪ۷״̬һս
죬ڱȸһǰڵҲһȸͬӭս壬αڤ粻飬ᦣΪؽɽţɵӣΪԳһ
ĿٺЦȸҿˣǺˣĻղҲǱսѾʼ㲻ȥսܵҲ˶೤ʱ䡣
ȸüͷһ壬˵ʮһҶǿϷһɱ֮˷һ壬ɣ죬һ䣬ᦣ㽻
кâһһΣʮ֮ϣ˸һϽ֮ââ
ȸȰ㾡뿪ҪóĻ꣡͸һ˿Ȼ
ȸӱɫѿȴЦ˷ˣȵģǵĻ֣ʵȣ˴ͼǵĻ꣡
ȸӣоڵĵĻ꣬뾡ҪƳᦣȸӴ˿Ѿ˰˳ɵİգԣŻнһС
Ĭ꣬ȸӻ˵ϷֻǴӵ伮˽Ļδʶս˻ᣬ뿴Ļ꣬к֮ͨ
һҧֵüģȡһžӨ׹⣬Ѹٰ֮ϣɲǼ䣬ᦴϵǵϽ֮âƮ
˷У֮ˣɾ͸Բͬһ߿ɣöΪӱΪʣΪΪԲ
ľˮ֮һ֮ټɵͬһߣ߸Ϊķݴδ˵һԣ޽С
Ļ꣬ǺĵͬһߣǰδչԵǿ볣һӤطƣɾһǿޱȣвʶʿľĻ꣡
Ҫմ˻꣬ҪдԪҪϾ֮ʱ֮ģμ¼ȸɽ伮ڵĻ˿ȸӵ
꣡ȸӳ
ɳƵһЦ˫Ŀ޹⣬һԪղűߣΪĻļƷ
Ļ꣬Ѱ֮ԵҪԪΪƷſɰڼ
Ļһ˸۵Ͻ֮âŹâУֻһһϸһ룡
벻ֻĴָ̣棬ɢһɷϢϢǿҳ̶ȣԶȸ֮ϡ
֮֮꣬һʣɱ䴩͸̺Ļǿ˺Ԫ
Ŀһ£Ļ꣬ɱ
Ͻ֮һ䣬ԭʧ
ȸɫһ䣬̺ˣͬʱһ٣ȸһ٣ǰһȸһϳһۡ
ͬʱȸӴʳǰһ㣬ȫʱӿܣͬʱʳߺݺݵһ
顱һȸ˺Ͻ֮âһٴʧ֪ȥ򣬵ȸȴ֪ǵĻ껹ܡ
˪Ļ꣬Ȼ죬ﵽʶڣԳӤ߷Ļ꣬ٶȴﵽ죬ʹ޼᲻ݵԵõķӣôȸ̵ͷߣڣԴĻɱңٶϣȴǲ
ȸӵⷬĵĿģҪȡĵĻ꣬ڣ˴ڵĻǺǱڻҪǿĵĻꡣ
ò˵ϣ죬ȸνĪ˻١벻ȸ룬²ԩϾǵĻ꣬Ѿȸǣ뾡˷ȡ
춢ȸӣ£ʱܵĻǣһ顣
ǵ飬Ϊ죬ϸԿһâ˸䣬һ飬һ̼죬תۼ䣬һֻʧ
ϹٶԽԽ죬ֻܿһһߡ
Ļǣգ˿̵Ķ죬ҲϾȥʹǡ
ȸ¶һ˿âҪǰȻŲһ٣ǰһģӶʱˣ֮ϣһ۴С˿ڣ˿ڴ͸ƣһ˿Ѫ
˿̣½лǱյʮӤҲǵĻɺϽ֮âٶȣѾ쵽˼顣
˿̼Ϊʹʮڻǣô̵ʱڣ㱻Ļ֮һҲʮʧѾûйˣȵĻ꣬ͣ
Ͻ֮âһ٣֮һȸӳȥ
ȸӰ̾ĿģǵǵĻȫǶգȻȸķȡ˻꣬ڣֹͣ˵Ļɣ˵Ŀľͻᱩ¶
ȸӲϺˣ˫ǰѸٵ㶯֮ӶĴȸ˺ٶҲԽԽ졣ϣദλóһ۴С˿ڣѪ¡
ÿһۣɫѿ֣Ϣ
ǵĻϣȴģһһһ˿Ѫ
ȸĿкâһһĴжദһƴСĺɫСϴһ˵
һֳڣһɫ棬Сйתۼ̳֮ܰΪ𺣣¶ȣȸղȸëҪŨ
֮ɱ֮ǿҪĻ꣬
ڰɻڣϽ֮âֳӰɫͨ죬ȴδڣֻϵһ˿ȸӵѪȴ֮УȻϢ뵽˵Ļ֮ڡ
˿̣ĻѸתģһ֣ܵĻһȱڡ
꣬ݣȣϽ֮һ֮£ʧȸӡ
ȸĿһ¶һ˿ϲɫЦ˵죬Ȼ㲻ԸϷҲǿ󣬲Ļ꣬ϷҪߣ
ȸһĴһƴСĺ࣬Уҧ⣬һѪ֮ϣʱһ̴Ʈ
ȸẓ́ǣ黭£ʱγһķš
Ϸһȸӵ壬ʣʮ֮ŵԪ֮ģҪһ˲˴ֹͣ⾳ǰһָʱǺ̻ķţһԼٶȸǰ֮գѸʧ
һ˲䣬Բ֮ڣһ飬ֹ̣ͣ
ڷʧλãϽ֮âһĻ֡
ȸӴһץĻ̱ץУʱʱȥ
ȸ̤һ¶һ˿ץ졣
찵̾ɬĻͷһ۱֮ǰĶأ˫ۡ
ȸӴץ˲䣬һɭЦ֮ǰչ֮
ӹ
ȸɫ䣬Ԫʹ¶ΪȸӺδֹ


424 ˾ͽ
ȸ½һƬƬ಻ĺУһӶˣ˿˷Ŵ˵۶
Ƭλãˣϥ£д˴˴߶ڵķ֮Щ໥ۼһܿ
ټ죬һȦȦӡ
ÿʱЩ˱ڷ֮ȫľºֻһǰС
һ̳ºһ죬һȫŻµӣȫûκηӡǣΩ࣬һɫҶӡʱ˸Ϲ⡣
վλõĴˣĿ͸һ˿˼
󣬸ߣɢϢ뵱׷ɱֵİҶձߣһһ
ˣʱˡҲѾһߣ˵
һͷ˵Ƴ彣ӡͷŶ˷ʧܡ
ĿΧȸ½һΣȸ𣡡¶һ˿˷ܣ漴һԥ˵ˣ
üͷһ壬˵ùˣȸʱ̫ãһЩ뷨ǲһߣǰǴսȫ԰ȸĨɱ
ȸ֮ҾͲţ˵ǰ
߳ǣ
ʬڵˣˡתңԶ
ȸ½֮⣬һԼʮɵľ޴ľԶѸټ۶ǹľ֮ϣˣ˾ͷףͷһΪﵽӤ⣬ˣǻڡ
ڹľϣٶȼ죬תۼ˺⣬м˸һֹ֣ľ롣
ʬӤڵߣĿһƽ˵Ϸʬȸǳϣʬִ£򿪷󡣡
ڷٴһһͨʬǾ޴Ĺľ̷롣
ںλãľͣ£ӤڵλʬڳϣһԾڵ档
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˾ϣϷʱƽ˵
ʬڳϹһЦ˵;ЩһЩˣʬ֮⣬иһ¡
ĿƽʬڳϣȴԷġ
ȸӣȥڣϹս׼ʮᦣʬڳĿһЦЦ˵
ɫ糣΢ЦΣ
Ͳ֪ˣʬڶȸӵ˽⣬ް֮£а˳ɰտԳɹ壬ҪСˣʬڳϹһЦ
ûκ쳣΢΢һЦҪ˵Ȼɫ䣬͵̧ͷңȸ½¬ܵһ䳵Ϣ

ԪĴʹָоȸѾǣ˿̣ͺƻصûΪȸ֮ǰһȸʱֺһľ
˭ȸӱϾɾӸλһʱ̱ǿѹ£˵
һ߲ʹâ䣬ֵӰ˰Уһͷ޷ԶƮɢ¶һɹ쵽Ϣ
ȫ£ɢһɫĹȦһԱصĺɢ
˿̵֣ȫ㣬͸Ө˫Ŀǰڰ׷Ǵһа
Ǭ˫Ҳǳа˿̵ȣͬөһ㣬΢
ֵ˫ĿУаֻһ֣
񣬺ܿ񣬷ǳһϵΪҶһֲκ˷У޷Ŀ⡣
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ȸһһ̣Ļص˵꣬һȸʱ֮У˫̵ŵŵ˺ͷһڳ亹
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㣬ǼȸŨԴǣֿдУ͸һҪش
ǰһĻ֣ĵŨŨİУֽӴʱҲ̣˿һ۾Ϳǰ֮ˣԲ֡
־˿µϢ˿¡޷ϢֻЩϹ֣ſӵС
ȸĲش𣬵˿̣ȴǲ˵ʮĴȸ֮ǰдǰ˴󣬺޸ġ
ֳĬ꣬ɨȸһۣ˵Ҷǵķϣӽղɱ㣬ɡ
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ȸӿɢһȦȦɫ⻷ȸӵʣлصգһ֮ϡ
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оâһ̺ȵѵĻ£
ȸӽŲһ٣¶֮ɫ͵ת֡
¶һ˿׷꣬˵ҶǶдˣҪĻ꣬ҲΪ˶Կ壬ұ꣬ҡ
һҪ˵ĿһɨֹסĿУκֵĸоеģֻһİϢ˵ԷͻԥİĨɱһ㡣
һ˵
ȸ˿ǶԷǿҪĻ꣬治֪ѡ񣬺пҪԷһ봫˵˶ŶǷȱ
ȸһȭתҪ뿪
֮ɫһЦȻ³ӵݣҲ֪ӵĹء㣬ôô
ȸӳĬ̧֣һ֮£ָͷ£Ѫӿ֣֣˵ָɹ
ҡͷȻ˵һ
ȸһҧһֿһָɫ԰ף֡
ɣȻ
ȸͷҲصѸ뿪תۼ㻯磬ʧ֮С
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ȸôỹţôỹȸǣôܣȸʿ˾Ȼû
һ·ŷɵȸϿպһ٣Ȼͣ£ͷ¬λϷŭһգ¶֮ɫ
ԣԵ伮ĶȸԸ񣬾ĴĪǴ˸ոѣղƣ


425 ͯ
ȸӳĬ꣬粻հ̾һʵûеٻͷȥ̽ԷʵŲһ壬պһ£һ޴ѷ죬ȸӶ񶾵Ķ¬
ȸȸһȸɽ
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һǰֽס˿̵֣ɫ԰ף˫Ŀգ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ϸ˼ۣȻɫ䣬ʧᣡ
ûκԥһҧ̧𣬾Ҫüģֿǹɶֽ֮Ҫе˲䣬˫ۣкڰ׷֮ǰ֮ɫ
ǰס֡˵
춢֣׷ʲô飿
С޸ղź³ç֮ɫǻƢһƾͰԪϾһ㳢Ԫһζ
һüڴţһâһ䣬ֶͷɳһԻһߴӰ꣬沿Ŀ쳣һ֣ӿֳһӴϢ
պȻɫ䣬ڴϢĳ£һƬƬƲۣӿεˮ
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һ֮£ƲʱɢһգЩµΣҲȻϯȥûа¡
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ֿЦɿһղȸ֮ǰѾԪ壬ɾӤֻȸս޷룬ȸ֮¶ڡ
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ֻոѵ˾ͽϣϣʵĺܣûжʱɣ˾ͽϱһĻ뵽ֵ֮ڣȸߡ
ò˵˾ͽϵװǻƣΪ
ȸӶָʱֿһĻΪţ˾ͽϣȴûκεģһѱ
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˾ͽϵĻشǣΪ˾ͽϣ
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޵Ѿǧûб˳Сޣ˿̣ΨпЦ˵ǰǣ
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426 ֮
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427 
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ӰˣȽٰ蹷СˣͿɼһĻָʱ䣡ȱԼһ൱ʶڵʦǶԵһȸˣ˾ͽϹЦ


428 С׼
С׼֮أȸ֮յѩַڡ
ıȸʿδڻﺮХ˪죬ԶԶȥ˵ظʱɫĺƮ֮һȫš
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ֳĬ꣬ڵͯӣ˵㲻Ϊ㻤
ãõĻˡ˾ͽϵ͸һ˿˷ܣڿٴӵĶ˿ҲЩ
ǼʿǵţϷָΪ󣬶ҪȥǺúɣ
̧ͷԶƽ˵㻹ûңʲô֮
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429 ֮
üͷһ壬ȴ˾ͽġ
֮ǹƨ֮ⶫ֮ͨﵽ
ϣѴأطγһ֮ǣӿ֮𣬷ϵ޻ǷˣֻҪӵʣһ̣бȱһ꣡
꣬Ǳ֮գ⣬˴ռȨٺ٣ǱǵһĴڣ֮ˣΪ֮
ӵдȸĨɱһȸϳʿΪʶ˲ſɴ֮Ļû취
Ϸ²⣬ϣ֮ܣкܶʿҲ˲ٶԿķĻҲô֮˵߸
˵֮ٿصռֶΡ
ӳΪȸ֪˴£ʹ֮ӡ˾˵ǻֻ꣬Ҫӡƣȸӱ޷ٿأԣȸڲŻ˻ңĻȸǣӦͰһ㡣
֮ȸһԴº֮ǣӾǿƾ˳ۣ
ֵĶºҲɵɫѿ
˵ȸƿ֮Ҫɱңֻһֳ
֮ϵ֮֮Ϊ֮ģȸſӵУͨԪĨɱһɱ֮ˡһ˿֮꣬ڣպƽһ֮ڵ˾ͽ˵
ô˵Ļ֮üǼٵˣüͷ塣
˵ûм޷оˣһеϷָ˵֣㲻̫ģһң˾ͽ˵̳꣬Ĭʼ˶ᡣ
վԭأ֮кâһ
֮ڱУ
ѹȸһжѱ䣬ѹȸҪĨɱһпгΪҿܵ弶ԭһУ
ȸӻ֮ôľ涨ȻڣȸʿĽ£壬Ի֮Σ
ȸ֮ǰʮᦣȡ֮׾٣Բȵڡ
֮ɶûôƭңҲЩ²⣬ǺȷһʧС׼֮ء
Ҫ飬ǰ֮ϵȻ뿪ȸǣȥӣȸǣ֮£ʺ
֮ǰҪһЩ׼ʮ½Ҫȥһսռλܷ꣬񲹳䣬ǿԵĻҾץͷ̻꣬ʹ֮Ϊ꣬ʱᦵӦûָ
еӾħϵõǸװѪСƿӣ˵ҪƾʩչͨԹʬڵ֮ˣ¾Ǿħ嵱棬ȥܷŪһЩѪҺ
ϧﵽӴ޷󣬶ҳ֮⣬ҪһĹ֮Ū
һУǣһؿһͻƣͿ˾ļ¼Ӧ൱ʶʿ
֮ڵɭҲһ鷳뿪֮أһͻңڵΪϱҲ޷ֿɭ˾ͽҲ֣½Ȼ
Ͼɭ̳Ϳ˾֮УͿ˾꣬۷ʱﵽ˰ǣֻһ֮¡üͷ壬ɭһֱеĴ̣֮ԼȵҪ뿪ȸǣɭԭ֮һ
ҲҪȥһˣͻؼҡһ·УĿһתı䷽ȥ
һ·֮ϣռ֣Ǻ֮УȫˣźԼٶȣȸ½жȥ
ֿԽ࣬ıԽȻȸӣϾʿһԱһ·նɱˣϧ̫֮࣬ղòΣųٷȥ
֮ϣ󲿷ѾݣҪôҪôΪ帽ӹ
ȸǣеˣ˿̾Ǵ˷ۣȸ½ĵڶδսչ
ȸ½۵ĹУһ·ۺֵȼܵļݡ
ȸǣ˿̳Ѫ֮ڡ
ȸϣʿӰԽԽ٣գնǺ
Ĵ󱬷ȸϣȫΧչ
ȸ棬ĵڶδΧչ˼ҵķǬ磬Ϊ˴սָߣһбʿҪӴ֮
ʿɳطս
ÿһ弶ԳһսȸǣսУҪ
ֻǣȸ棬ֿ֮Ľ£ڽڰˡ
ÿ죬дʿս
ͬʱһ𾪵ϢһЩѵȸʿ
弶ˮīɣȫѱ䣡
弶ĵȫѱ䣡
弶عȫѱ䣡
弶ѱ䣬ͺӭȸϵȭʹñͽڽڰ˵ȸ棬ɢ
ȸòѷȸ½Ϊķء
ڴ˿̣һΪ䶯ϢϢϯȸǣʹȸ˿̵ʣʿ
һȸӵʦܣ侺ȸƺʧܵȸӣˣ
һȸӲĴսͻȻ͵Ϯȸӣʹȸˡ
ȸӵݣȻĶ棡
ڻس·Ϣĵ𾪣޷
ԤУȸӣһԼ
һˣȴȸ֮ǰҵ֣һգֿһŴ󣬴͵ķǳ
󷨵˲䣬ɫһתңԶߣһͷñɢâĴ󺺣һһ
֣һ꣬ɻǵ£Ǵʮͣժ²ñ

ȸ½ʶϹֳƷɣ˿ɫѿ֮ǰܵ˻ǿѹ¡սûκϢ̼뵽ս֮С
ǰһսٴγ֣˶ƷƱ֮ߣڸȥѾˣûлָ֮ǰڰȸӡ
Ϸ뿪ȸǣϷΪκһϣԳΪһǿߡ
ۿƷɺȻɫһͣ½ŲתͷԶ
ԶߣһˣһϮ£ݹɫ͸һ˿ɣ֮ȫɢǿѹڳƷɶʮͣ£ųƷɡ
֣δɡ
ƷĿһˣ˵ȸӣ
̧ͷ̾˵ԭֻǵ£ˣ֣ϷˣȰһ䣬뿪ȸǣ
˿̵ȸӣ֮ɫ


430 ִ
ƷĿ⺮âһ˵˻⣿
ȸųƷɣҡͷ߰ɣΪҵĵ֣ˣ֣ǧ֮ڣĪҪ
ƷкâŨ˵²ͬأ
ȸ̾һӣһľ׳֮һ£ͬʱһ˸УʱһϢХ
һ֮ӰȻԾâڻûһ֮£˳Ʒǰǰһġ
Ʒɫһ䣬̺ˣͬʱһӼʱǰ
ƣȴֱӴ͸޷ٶȣ˳Ʒɵؿڡ
ƷһѪӱˡתۼ߼ۡ
ȸӣϷ뿪ȸǣƷɵ촫һ˿û䡣
Ϊֹɱ֮Ӱתȸӡ
ȸɫƽ֮Ӱһۣ˵һ֣ȸӱɲ߰ɡ˵ţһ֮Ӱһͬʧԭء
Ǽһ뿪֮жʱһƬâƻһϯתۼЩƲ㻯ȸӵӰ
ȸȸ˫Ŀ¶ŭ͵شºƵɢ
ʦ֣һսܲ⣬ǧ֮ͬ꣬Ҹµʱˣºȸɽ£һʤ
ȸӵĴ֮ɢ
ȸĿ֪Ŀģȸ𣡣һʧԭء
ȸ½ĳգȸӵӰ֣֮Ӱԣƽ˵Ϊʲôµʱ䣿Ҫɱȸõôá
ȸӿ֮Ӱ˵壬ڣҶʦһʮҶʦʮһҶʦ˵ʵɱȸѣ
⣬ֻ˵ֻųɹҲڽʮҶ飬ˣɱȸǼ򵥡
ֻǣȸڲɱ
֮ӰĬ֮˵ʿеʱ̫Ѿ˱Դɻǵã˶ˣŰͽȸô
ȸĿһЦһ棬һΣҪСȸӣȸ֮˵ﱻȸӡȸһֱоƽ֮һȸѾҵͻƿڣҶһȸӵ˽⣬ɱ֮ǰһ޾֮ǣȸʿȫ𣬵ʱô飬һưոݣ̽飬ĪΪ壬ԶԿ˲ɣ
֮ӰĬ
ǰҵķ˳Ϊһȸӣ֮ܿ£壬ſԶĴȥ⣬õķ̫Уʹǰ֣ҵĲãƻˣȸɫ
ҵݣҲǵı֮²ò¶Դ֤Ȼ֮ˣһУʵҿǳȤ
һ棬õסȸϣҪõ֮֮˳ΪһȸӣӶʹӲٿʿ
Ѿĸѡǰò˼ʮ꣬һжɳɹõľ棬Ǵݻ٣
ȸѡӰˣһΪǬ磬һΪüǬȸһȸΪԼ׼Ķ֮ȸӶоοԶķʹԪӣһȸϣѾˡ
ԣҵ˵ڶѡоֻҪȸӶǬ磬ôնȫŮҵĻɳȸǬΪȸӣôڴӳΪȸҲܲĳȫо
ѡĵˣ̩ѪڣܸܵԶһڵһķϣҰΪһȸĺѡ֮һΪȥˣӦü֮ˡ
˼ǣˣһֵʿƽӹûʲô֮Ȼֻ⾳ҵע⡣Ѫ֮£λĸѡߡ
ԭҲû̫ˣֺķչȴҴһɽ֮նһۣȸǺΪһ·ȸӵע⡣ڵĶ죬ҲǰѴ˵ɵմʮᦡ
Ҵ̺̫ܣЩʱ򣬾Ҷ͸գҰλȸƻִߣ
һֱڣȻִߣҲȸƻУؼһڡȸƽ˵
֮ӰĬ̧ͷȸӣĿ¶â˵Щͣǲ
ȸ˫һ˵֮Ҳ֪ûӰ죬һӰ죬ô⼸ˣ֮飬ң˭ҲӲͣô
֮ӰٴγĬ֮̾һ˵ѡĵһˣ˭
ȸ΢΢һЦ˵ִҵļƻ֮⣬ѡһˣΪһȸӣ
Ϊʲôȸ£֮Ӱʵ
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Ǵ󺺰ѲñһԣڴһĨóһӣϣƱЦ֣ĳЩˣ㵱ľƣɻУ
Ŀ΢ɲǲñһۣһĴһɾƺžƺţӰôȥľƣֻвʮ
ѾƷϣһԣһһںȸɡ
̩ٺһЦƺӣһڣ̾ƻǵľƣ˻ǵˣϧţҵ̬ȴͱǨ˷ǣҿڣȴǡ
ֳĬžƱû˵
֣Ͳ棬Ϊûôϰ궦ߣĳڣɻһֱǵá̩ЦЦ֡
ɫ糣˵˺뼴²ȡҲѡ񡣡
̩һЦֵһƣ˵ȥ鲻ˣֵЩȸϣպգΪˣĳһ
ֺЦƱϾƺһںȾ
̩Ŀһ˵֣ĳپһڶлӡѩɱԪ⣡˵꣬Ѿƺ¡
֮󣬶֮ȻĬ
̧̩꣬ͷԶ˵֣ǰȥʹȸñ
ڿ̩ñ˲䣬ֱѾµ̩ȸйϵЩֵķȸӵĲñˡ
̩ûԭڿñһ̣Ҳˡ
ȸӣҲȥƽ˵
̩¶֮ɫ˵֣Ҷӣ֪ǰĲñ͸ĸˣһӦʶо
Ŀһ¶һ˿Ц
̩ҡͷվӣѾƺץУ¶һ˿û䣬˵֣ƣҿɺã


431 ռȵ
֣ڣ¼ü⾳ǰҸ֪Ŀģ벻ѡ񡣡
̩뿪ˣŰƣһö
ֳĬ꣬ʶһɨ֮ʱĶȹɫ
ü⾳ǧڶ£̺һģһ㣬ҵѾüңҲзȥ⾳˫ָһѡ
վӣ߽Ŵ󣬿󷨣ʧ˴˵ء
Ǿĵط
֮Ȼࡣ
ڣڶǰոճʱѾݣΪĸӹڣʿڣ˷ġ
ҷ˽磬û̫ܵ󲨼ֻһЩɽϽĴ䣬ĽУǣ
壬˴Щӵʸĺ⣬ûɱˡ
һգڳһڣ߳
գһƬ谵˿ǰ죬Ʊյĺһ㣬˿ûа£ۿȥҹ졣
Ǵ֮ڰεضֱľ޴ֲ˽Ĺ۲£һɺ֮֮вɵС֮С
һˣʱһǵ󣬶ʿЩʿϸַӡǣ˫Ŀ޹⡣
ЩĴϣǶֲЩֲ䶯ƺһɿ
뵱뿪֮ʱ仯̫
˵شתע⣬ּһ֣߱һƬӿ¶߰˸ʦӰǿֺ󣬶˵ڷ֮Х
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ʱĴӡ
˵һƬһ˶ߵĺֲҡҷڶް̴ڣֳĬã̾һת뿪
ڣûȥʥˣǰڵķ֮⿪ô˵ǵǰпɱ¾
ڳһ·УֿڶˣЩˣҶ£Ҷڡ
ԭҪ뿪˵أȥսѼλ꣬˿̣ȴһ
Ŀǰ޴󲿷˶ȸ½˿ڣ࡭
ϴν֮أֻǽ˵㣬ڻȻ٣¼ȻҪ뿪ȸǣΪպ룬Ӧһ̽Ŀ꣬һӼ۶ȥ
һ·ٶȼ죬תۼ֮⣬ǿֱӴֲ嫵Ϣأֲ̫ȫӸס޷ڣվ޴ֲĽ£һһ㣬ۡ
˿Ǿ޴ֲȻɫһǰһΣʱȥΡ
꣬Ǿ޴ֲ֮˸âһҶʦƮ˻һźԶХȥ
ߺֳӰĿһǰȥʱһָ֣ٳӴֲ
ֲ˲䣬̱㾧âɢܡ
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ľʱһ˸âתۼ䣬â㻯ΣѸʵϢ֮һһһķ֡
Ӥʿſյ֮ͨﻯ
Ƿֺûκԥһ壬ŰӶǵľ޴ֲԾȥ
ĿתŷǾ޴ֲ˲䣬ֲĴִ֦ϣ˸ɫķš
һ֮£̻һɫ˿ߣԼٶȷڣʱһ˫Ŀ»ľˤڵϡ
ĿѹѨԭֲػ֮ˣ޷ڡ
ֳĬһĴ̶ദһ˽ɫᦣᦲʮᦣΪǸˡ
ֿڴĻᦣһˣһʮᦣһлΪǧᦣһΪͨǵԼƶɣͬҲǧᦡ
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˼ľ񣬵ڻȴǿͬУֲȤлһ˻ڵǧǣͬл꣬ʱХ
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лֵ꣬ϣγһͼڣɢâ
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ӤڵΪʹֵʶΧ˲ƵľҲԶһ˲ƣ˵һڶڡ
ʶɨ䣬һ㣬ֻʦҶҡ
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˵ؿһֻеһӣǵֻλá
˿ܣٴʧһΣ˽Ĳڣָһɫ΢ȥӰ
ûãֻԶһž޴ڽĲڴǾ޴һ£һҶʦ
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ҶʦһԾ£ЩʿҲ̸档
ĿȻϢĸЩʿ󣬽뵽˵Ĳ㡣
Ĳ磬ǰһЩֻҶ˵غٴλһ֮£Щʿȫ˺ڣԶȥ
֣Ҳڴ˵ĺ֮£ֵΪҶʦû㡣
Ҷʦٶȼ죬һ󣬱Ĳλãһһ˶ɶߵֻ
ֻЩ죬û֦ҶϷƮһԲ͵ĹţڹڣһˣǸߣ˫Ŀգȫ㣬ؿڴһȭͷС˿ڣϼλö˷ģͷϣһҶֲ˸
ͬʱڴͷƮһɢɣϢķģļΪӣһۿȥۻҡ
£վʮҶʦЩ˱˴ûн̸ǵÿ˶ʮʿ


432 ͷ
ְиǸҶʦ»ΣһԣڶԷû˲䣬ȥΡ
Ϊ˵˶Ȼܷ֣ΨֻϥİҶʦзֵʸ
һ۾ͿǰҶʦˣΪ
ʱֻܵҶʦһȫϥ£дͬʱһģǵӿƮڰա
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ЩʿͿΪͬǽᵤڡ
˿̣ٸʿһ£ЩҶʦͬʱһ֮дŹ죬ǵһȣЩƮܵķģ̷ֻȥ
תۼЩıֻڣʧֻ̣Ȼһһ֦ϷɿǺһߣɢ̾סһʿ
գۼ䣬ֻеʿ֦֮קա
һĻֿΪ죬ɶߵֻϣ֦ÿһ֦һʿ֦ҡҷ䶯˿ֻƻһ㡣
ˣĿһ
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ص˲䣬˫Ŀʱã֮ɫһɨա
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Хһһɫ磬һӶݵҶʦ޴Ŀһ֮£ֱӴҶʦͷ̽һ֮£˶ʱҽУѸήջƤǣ
ɵһ޺ԥ̰ѿеǸʬһףһ
ٶȣЩҶʦܵٿ죬Ҳ첻
ЩܽٺĽᵤʿһˣֺϳֵݣϲʼʦ
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һ˵ʵȴڼʱڷ
ӰףХǰԶǰҶɫ԰ףҧӶݡ
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һǰȸһӤڵʿˣЩձͻش˵أֻˣȴû뵽Ȼ֮ʣһӤʿ
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׷ᣬĿ˸âһĴʱɽ֣ɽӿɽ֮ڡ
ֿ£̧ɽɢ۵İâһն֮£ƿٵһ㣬ĲĴأȻһɽĽâһ޴ĹӰ˲䣬Хȥ
Ҷɫ䣬δͷѾͷƤǿϢû֮ʱҲзֿ˿Ѿǿ֮ĩ;ƿݡ
߿ɬĴһ͵ת˫¶һ˿̺ĽâХ˲䣬һĶͷȵ
֮ǰʱƮͷ̺һƵǸģȻǰ˷ļΪӣɢɣϢ
Ŀ䣬ͣ˰֮⣬ͣµ˲䣬âǷģһ
顱
һ죬ɶߵˣϯȥѴعγߡ
֮ϴˣǸߣҲ˫ĿϢʧ
ǰ˿ڣѪ˫˵񣬵ȴŨŨĶ͸˻㣬˭
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㣬죡䵭˵Ŀ⿴ڶѨӰһ
ƽʱһҶͷˮڳָĸоǵܲЩǰҲ˿ǰ֮˵һ
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ֻʱڴ˵رչأ޷Сڣֻʶ̽룬һѺܴľһҪϵغ¶ˮſԱ֤Լʶӣһһӳſǿؾ֮ء
˿ӽСڣδ̫̽һӵ
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437 ҡ
ֶУֱ͸뵱Ǻ֮һһ
ûӻһ̣ٶȼ죬Ϊ׾ٵľ˳һСףԼٶȣؾ֮طȥ
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ܶģһھ޴ĹײģײĴȥΪͨûκλƵװΣ֮ȴĴӹײɢֱǽڵСߡ
ײڿһֻǵײһԲεĴ󶴣֮Ǵɢ
ûͣ٣һײڣ˵֮ΪŨܣ㲨ֹ̽롣
ҡǺ֮ԽԽУӹײеĶڴֶ߻Ʋɢ
һΣǶ룬Խȥ˵ص֮ԽŨңϢֻǻȴʼ޷ڡ
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ҡҡ˿̸ǿȻħ棬ƺѾֵĴڡ
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֣ɫ糣Ϊɱ˾ħ棬ӡ˾ħһΣħع飬µһҪԼֻûдﵽǻĵز
οħرǺħ֮ˣû˵ء
ֿ۾ؿڴЩɫֲһĴ֡
ᦣԴ˻֮δʹãڣʺϽ֮ʱ
һ֮£ʱһХЩһ֣ȵ⣡
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ͬʱһԾڰʱָһץʱһ֦ۣС
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ΪֹҲ֧ˡ
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Ŀһ֦Ҫھ˾˷Ѫ
ҡңҸԸūħر֮˿ڵλãĺ֮ΪС
һ֦һͣ١
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֮ǰһһεȡ˿̵ٶȣ޷Ƚϡ
ѪҺƿڣģӿʼ鴤ѪͬʱѪɢ뵽ƿڡ
ҸԸΪΪλϾң㵽ҪŻңֶС
˭ƽһѪһ˵
Ǿħ׼˵˻ʱ͸һŨŨİ⡣
׼Ϊλᱻӡƽ˵
Ϊʬڣһս֮󣬱ʮһҶʦ׷ɱӳˣʬڽ˻ᣬ֪ĸ붯һͨʿ֮ץסҷӡ
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ңҳΪҾħ֮ˣײΪʿһΪᱳѡ
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һ㣬ЩΣһҪ֮˵̬һУǴ˿Ϊһ㡣
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ر֮ңұѴ㣬Ҿħڳɱ֮Уһ˿ջ
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Цݸ䣬˿ѾΪȷʱ䡣ǽԼȡѪҺʱĳЩı仯ԼȡѪҺʱԽôԽ
뵽ֹϵһƿץסһԾӾ뿪
ͬʱһ٣ӡɫֲĽƣʱһ֮ص˽֮С
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˵УǿҵĲʣӾҵĲյ˫Ŀ˿Ȼ
绹ҪĹâ˫Ŀڷ˸
ͺУ϶ʱ¶ʹ֮ɫֻľǣ˿Ƥ¹䶯ţһɫ̣ļ׵
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ʬڣ׼г֮գû꣡ʹ
ӳʬڣһ㣬ʱһ˸֮³ǰ˻ǣ뿪ǾڶѨǰзų鿴ʵ֮
ǶѨй֮ʶܵƣͬԵĻȴӰ첻
ֵڻϣ꣬ĿЦһһ̤䣬ʧʬڡ
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439 ͬ
ģˣӵΪ˷Ҫúÿһ˵ǵŮ޸Ԫӵһֱȥ뿪˵ʲôҲҪȥú֣֣ȥȥ
üͷ壬˿ǰͯӣƽ˵ȥ
ͯӣ˾ͽϣɹ棬ʹԼںʱӿ죬˿˵ûȫںϣΪȴҲﵽʶڡ
̫û˼ˣɣ޸ƨ֪Ϊʲôô˾ͽ۾һ˵
Ҹ㣬ɵĿģҪռŮ±ɵһп˳֮ˣϷʥɵĿġô˭ܣ
Ϸʱ͵͵ӳȥһûߵСң˸ҹҹϸ裬ÿ춼Ů˷̣Ǹ˳۵ģһȥ̽ʮ갡ǸҴʮꡣ˾ͽ¶׷֮ɫȻǶӣ˵ǻ
һǰȥƽ˵ȻôΪβһӡ
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ģΪ룬ûûҹߣΪȸ֮ҶһƴӲǰһļһһչʶ˴ʺȸǡ
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Ҷǵһμ棬Ҷϱֱ飬һֱҶʼգǽġ
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ˣһ̸֮磬ĿǰҪ飬ǰȸĹڣ֮ϳꡣ֣ȸĹڣ֣֮֮ȸӣʶʿ޷̤룬ֻӤʿſԽ룬һΣ޷ģȡʧܣϷҲзûأֻǳ鷳Լȡãá˾ͽ˵
ֵͷĿͶȸƽ˵ȸǵ飬˽ˣȡ֮Ҿͻ뿪ȸǣ˾ͽǿպܴϣպ󣬻һգ˵ֻ꣬磬Զȥ
˾ͽϹһЦһ׷֣һͬУЦ˵Щ̫ˣȵ֮ʱ˵٣ţҶ˻ǻģ⣬һڷϻ
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440 ʶ֮
ʶ֮ϡ˾ͽϷ֮Уһ٣֡
ʶ֮ϵľ磬ʿ֪ⲢԪӤֻ֮࣬Ҫʿ֪Ϊﵽʶ֮ϵʿʵڲࡣ˾ͽϳ
ʶһ۷壬ͬʱҲһſ󲿷ִͨʿſͣͣ޷ֱԪϾ
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Ⲣ˵ϷԪޣʱ䵽ˣǻûͻƣͬ
ֻصģûУһЩͽʿﵽʶڣֻأʵ̫ѣֻʿΪֻ֮֮ͬǰŻ˵ͽʿֻصĻᣬҪܶ࣬ǰи߽ʿ
ֵ˵ͷ뵽˵ĽԿֻʹߡ
ʶ֮󣬱˾ͽ¶һ˿п
Ŀһ
ҲǵһȸҶǣ˻ʹͺʱἰĻЩֻϷΪȸ󣬲Ż֪˾ͽ̾һ˿׷䡣
һʶ֮֮˾ͽϳ
üͷ΢壬˵֮أǴﵽ˶壿
˾ͽҡͷ˵ôףֻ֮õĵڶˣԲʿڣҲһǿߣ˸ǣУ˵һЩϹ֣Ҳûͻ
ֳ꣬˾ͽϣ˵ڴﵽ˿
˾ͽϿЦҡͷ˵ôףʶ֮䣬ؿֱ⡣
⣬˵⾳ı仯ʵʵ𣬶һָߵᣬһ㣬ÿ˵ĵͬҲ޷˵̫ϸֻ⾳ϴӣӵдﵽڵʸ
ҵûнǰ⾳ıԵ꣬˵޷ȴҲﵽԲֻ⾳ϴӣѰһرչأڡ
Ŀһ˵ȸʲôΪǷҲڿ֮ǰ⣿
˾ͽһ˿м˵ʶڣûʸˣֻڱȽһʶʿ˵֮ʿǲУһʶڣȴǶ
˫Ŀ˵ˣȸţ
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Ҷǵ˻һ֮ͨΪȸӡӡˣʹʱԪֹãôȫʿʶ֮Уе֡
˴֮ͨɱһҲֵȼȸӡһ׵ͽͨˣʹûȸӷʿʵΧ
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442 ȸӵķգ
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ٶ̫죬գۼ䣬ϡ
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ȸɫ԰ף˫ĿȫɢŨŨ⣬ȸӡԪ߷ڵԪֻܷ
ȸӡһĿ꣬㲻ɸı䣬ﲻ˺һ棬棬ȴһ
һȸӣȸӡ޷һЧȴʹˣԣȸûжһȸʩչһɱ˽棬жơ
ȸӡһ涢ȸӣһһֵ˵
Щ˵ƼΪѰûκα֮ɫ¶
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Ӱ߽ȸɽΧʿǻȺۣ򵥶տڲԣĿ˸˼
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ִһʿԣȸɽȥʱһǰֹ
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üͷһ壬һۣվͨߵС˫Ŀâɢٴλظ糣˵ɢ⣬ȴ֮ղ
֣㲻ʶڵңȴʶ㣡ǣþδˡĬӽͨʧ˲䣬ͷһ֣¶һ˿ɭ΢Ц
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444 ֮
ȸĹȸɽΪڣһ硣
ȸĹӴޱȣȫ֣֮ȸɽڽ룬ûκηƳ֮
ȸĹȸУ֮⣬ģء
˵أһȸӸողú󣬲ûӴֻǣʱĶȹ߿˵࣬˵غӵһ㣬ԽԽ
ȸڲӣվȻγɽɽˮˮγأ˭˵أһ˲ľ
ֵӰȸĹΧĳ˵һƬһ˿˿̴ӵɢһֱƮϿգͷûεգȴһʱһ߲֮ʱ˸һѷ죬ʱ˺ʳ֡
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ֳڽϣ˲䣬ʶһɢܷԲȫڽ֮У˿˿̣ӵ
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һ˵˵̫ȸĹΧôʶһɨ̽ȫѰ̳ˡüͷ΢壬½һ˿ȴС
⽹̺˻ԵȴʿɣĳȻĻһ㡣Ŀһ΢ΣԶһԾߡ
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448 üĻ
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˿ɽⴵϮڹƮɢȥüǵ˿Ʈ͸һװ
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֣һʯĳ֮ˣĪУĽ֮⣬Ҳݲô
кâһüڴһĨɽ֣ûκԥӿ룬ɽʱɢ۹ĻȻǰһն
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̺һһ㣬糤һɾ޴ˣɽںХ
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ûҵ⾳ǧֻظ֮ͬ飬ȻΪңڱһģ
ǧ÷ͬӶ޳㣬֣ͬƷֻ֮ҲѾֻͬҲ֮
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Щâǰۣ̻һѺɫĳǹƮڰգһɫѸž
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ֳǹƿն˲䣬ü
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ٿǿȸȻɫʣȴ԰üɫЩ԰ףαɱҲɱ죡
ӳǹ֮ӱ̺ˣһץһɴᦣʱСʮᦣڱ׼˷ʱ䣬Դֱɱ˴ŮȸĹڲ
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Ŀ䣬ü̳˾ͽΪ˼̳һȸ죬𵽴͵ã֮󣬼̳֮ӶһЩͨ
ǰݻ٣ֻգٴۣϢܶʼ
ԣҲЩơ
㵽кĿģֳ
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ֶüһʮɢУüģʱһƱһֻδ˺һ㣬ӿ֣ŻԽԽ࣬һ޴ĻᣬȻԻڻûչ֮ϡ
⻭һ֣ɢһ֮ܡ
ü˫һϥڼ̳֮ϣ˫ۣ˫ۺϵ˲䣬ǰֻȸһƮȫƮüϷһ֮£̱תۼ䣬㻯һʮɴСĿȸ
˿̸Ӵޱȣɽȣȫڸס
ҵĵǧ飬ͬȸ֮ǧ֧ëÿһ֧ëһãʵϣҵĵǧãǾŰپʮţһóʱ⾳ɴﵽӤڡ֣ȫҵһãɺãüǿȸڴ
Ŀ䣬ָ̧֣գ֮ϵĻᣬ̴һ֮֮ϸֳɽˮ֮ɫڰɫĻĻڣһӿ֡
һãҳȫ㣬ǣԶҲǣ䣬һӡ


449 һ
ʱյĻᣬ̴¡죬ĻɽˮĻй£Ȼγһ޴ĲУüϷĿȸһȥ
ǿȸһ࣬ƶ죬̧߰ͷȸʢ˸֮£Ȼֹɢ֮ɫ͸һĮɢ
ʱ֮䣬ֻػ֮£ֶһ⾳⾳е飬˪ٺļ䡣
ɽڣʱܵɱ⾳һ飬һԵĮ˿̣Уǿȸֻһ֮ڣ̧ͷģü
Ŀ⣬Į飬°Ŀ˵ƣǾ飬֮䣬ȴ˺ܶࡣ
֮ˣŻϾ꣬˾顣
Ծ֮ˣɾȻ߳һ
޴ɭڣȻȸ֮ԣһ֮£̱ɢһŨŨĻѿȸȫ֡
һУӲڵģһֱȥǸɢģɢֿ̾
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ģģʺ֮˲Ŀȴģûˣ԰¡ͺƿȸ֮ȴǹ桭
֮ϵĻᣬڵɫŲʺ룬ǺڰףһޣȸܵĻҲĲٵһɫС
ŰپʮŻãֻһãұ޳ǧã֣һãģֻЩʵ㲻ʹᦱ޷ֿô㣬̫ʧұĵһξͳ֣ʱ̫⾳δԲ޷ʵʣԣһֱٵȡ
⾳Բʵʳ֣Ϊλ㣬ЩֶΣôգ޷γһã
ɫ糣̧ͷյֻػᣬĬ
ڣ߲ɫŨڰ׶ɫ⾳ȫǻĻڵɽɽˮˮƱһ㣬ɫʲ˵ɽϱöɫճľ˿Ҳ⡣
˵ôڵľڣɢľɢǣô֣û뵽⾳Ȼôѹ֣ѹһֱ⾳ԭˣü͸һ˿ʧŨ
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˿̣յڣȻһɫɫ֮Լ¶һӰӰĽ񣬶еСá
棬껯Ϊʿʱһ˿⾳ٴλص󣬷⾳ʹԪ˿⾳ȴǼΪͣȻһֱûɢ
ֵõһֱ봢ڣ⣬ԸüɱС
ʵյ̩йü⾳֮ǰбƻ˼ƻ˵üִԲôֻԥʹá
̩ĸȷһ˿⾳ǶԸü֮
Ҫ֮Ҫ¼֮⾳ӶƳ顣
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ȼӰʵյֻػڣһúݵĳ˼ôãһõ˼ˣŰСŮӷų֣Īģʯɡūҿϲ
˵ţЦЦֶУҲɵһ𣬺ðŻָ
ɽ֮ϣһɺӿ֣ûֱȼ˫¶ŨŨ
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Ůӣò˫۴аڿЦһԾӻ߳˻һպХ£ֱüϷǾ޴Ŀȸ
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׼ȷ˵ü֮䣬Ҳ޴ޣһУ˵Щӣüִһսֲʹȼ
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һУָûзϣһǰȥ
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Щָо֮صɭӦÿҪһ룬ô֪ԼԶԷº޻֮
ʱ˿̣ȸ½ȸĶ˵غһ桢ȸӡ棬ԼʮҶ飬ϥһ
Ǵ˿ü֮϶˸űֲɢĹâǵм䣬һͷǡ
ͷ֮ϣһģĵĸӳ̶ȣֻ֮õЩ޷Ƚϡ
ͷ֮ϣһǿ󵽲˼Ϣ۵ļ
˼ܵҷԶ㲦ͻʮһҶﵽʷʮҶʦͷǷģѾ߱һΣһ룬Ӧÿһ˽ȸĹڣȸ¶羴֮ɫͷǣ
ô˭ȥһ滺˵
棬ǸǧĵŮӣ˿Ҳû齿Ц̾˵һȥȻãϧһײ㣬Է֮ϣȸĹڲ֪᲻ܵӰ죬硭˵Ȼɫһ䣬͵̧ͷңȸĹڷ¶һ˿Źֵı顣
ҵ˿⾳ȻڶᡭߣԸ


450 ǧõ
ȸһ˵㵱˿а⾳
ͷ˵˿⾳ǶɹҵĲֱԴɹ
ﵱ걻ҷû뵽ȻһСʿãСʿ˿ҲȸĹڡ˵޷ӻ˿⾳ȴʹ˿⾳ı䣬ѰҲͰˣڶ֮ʱһ˿ʣȴǿʧܣ
˵꣬һüģͷ֮ϵֲʱ䶯һģü˸գʧ
ȸĹڣ̸߽̳ܵһɴ֮ڼ̳ӣְڼ̳֮ϣҪͶ
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ôһұԴһҶᣬôˡȼԵ֮𣬱ûκμ䣬֮£״
֮ǰüڣƽü⾳֮ʱȻܵԻһɴʹʹûκͨһУʱӿȫ
һ̱ü⾳ɣֻдӶԷڳ
ȼüڱϳ˲䣬üʱ˫ۣ£һãܲ
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ȼһȫȻ¶һ˿̣һҧȻܶᣬǱںϣ
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ֵӣڷɢ˲䣬Ͷߣ̼۶ˣͬʱǰһӣһɴĿ磬ʱ
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ɢٶ̫죬ֺУȻһЩ˳ĺëףڡ
ֻڵķû̫࣬һתǿѹɫѸٺˣűܹϮ
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У߳һӰ¶ò
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ı飬¶ʹ֮⡣
ʱüе飬ɢ֮âռȫ¶һ΢Цһ㣬ʱܵķʱХٶȣӡ
ӣͬһɳӴľƱķһ㣬ܺХ
ӵٶȣԶԶ֣գۼ䣬ܷԲڣ̳Ϊ˷ۺɫ磬ɽеɽ壬ɽһ㣬һƻõĴ
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Ļü˾ŰپʮŴΣֻһãʹǧﵽӤڵԲֻ㹻ʹﵽٽ磬յʶ飬һһʶ
ȼĳ֣ü˵һϾĿ飬ûаôüܱܿȼᣬΪһֻ֪Ŀܡ
ԣУ֣Ǳɵġ
ʹȼòѡںϣһһΪüĵһǧã
˿̵⾳ԶԶĳֵӤֻ⾳Ȼ޷ֿ
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£ڵڶ죬ȫɣֻɽڵķȴʼղϣʱŮӺԴʹĽȴǳ֮УŮһ㣬֮񶯣ĳȡ
Ҳ֪˶ãۺϡ¶ڵľֻһŮӣڼ̳Ե˫Ŀ
̳֮ϣ˿ɢһɴ֮ನȻ˸ոմ뿪
֮еķۺȫɢɽڣٴλָյɫŮӣü΢壬ָһץһԶС
ʱâһŮӳӣһϮ֮¡
վ𣬵ͷһۼ̳ϵĵߣĬ
ǧһãû뵽ȴǴ˻ã˻һ⾳̱ΪǧһУλһ㣬ôʵû뵽üǧһã˵õʦĵӰϧʦȴҲ벻ҵһڣȴϢ
üü壬̧ͷ˿Զ̾һ̾ϢУ͸һɼΪ֮ĺȻЩãȻһУԤϡ
ȸĹڲһԭ֮ڣֵӰһ֮£֣գ¶֮ɫ
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ĽԪӤָһգѡ
ֳĬ꣬һʧԭأԶۡ
ȸĹڲ˾ͽ˵Ҳв죬˾ͽ˵ȸĹڲмλãһɽ
ɽУһȸµȸӡͳҲʬڡ
ÿһȸڼ̳з֮ʱҪﾲ²ȣӶȸӡĴС
ʶɢɨһȦ˵صĴСʶ޷ȫòʶһɨ䣬ȴ̲һɹǿϢЩϢʶչ¶֣һ㡣
һЩϢУ۶ɵȻȸĹڲ࣬ʵҲǸǿ
Ŀ˸׼Զ۶ȥĵһĿ꣬ѰɽҲǴ˵صλá
֪Լʱ䲻࣬һ֮Ψʹ˾ͽϵķſԱס֮ΪԵ˸ǿȨ
ΨеʿﵽʶڣſԾʶŵϦӵĸУа֮ڳĻᡣ
ֻÿһȸӣǾܳ꣬һأʧȥʹȸӡʸ񣬴ĳ潲ʧȥȸӵķš


451 
ҲʶʿԳɹʣֻһ롣
ܴﵽʶ֮ϵľ磬弶ôſûκģһʿ꣬Ӷ뿪ǡ
ȸӵ꣬ûгɹʵȸϰڣߣûһˣ꣬һеĸԭ֮˾ͽϷӡкܴĹϵ
ӡ֮˵ʹȸ޷Դ˲ٿȸǣͬҲϾһʶ֮ʳĿܡ
һЩǿ߼˼ϣʶ֮ȡĻ֮⣬һЩǿɣһЩӴ󵽿ԿһǵڣиԲͬĶ֮Ƶķ
ˣôڣûκս
˿̣ңԶǿ֮Уһ޴򣬴ǿпȥâ˸裬ǲڶڸ·
ǣ̫ˣȸǵļʮڵķˣԶԶȸǣһʿȻҲͶˡ
ž޴ܣСǻܣϣҲڶʿ
ڸΧһЩСɢܣϸԶӴػ
ǿ򣬱ǣ
ܵС߼ǵĸЩСһЩͨϹ֣ԿٳǸ룬˲ڡ
ȸһȣʵ΢̫С
ϣɼ࣬ԺյģȻڡ
ڣһԵڤڤ֮עǿ󣬲ɱּܹ֮£һɳ֮С
ּ֮ˣǣ󲿷ʿоη֮ˣ֣ӡ
˿̣ڣӴӱĿ֮˫ۣüĿһͷ׷ƮɢУȴ̬һɳ֮У˫ĿǱ֮һЩ׳֮ˣҪ
ϣеģֻǰ
֮ڵɸ󣬴˿̣˫Ŀ¶һ˿֮âȥݷѣ;·һǣһӣԻ֮ʣֻ֮⣬ȻҪȥ׷ֻرԴ֮ˣ࣬ϷΪף㲦һΪӣպȻЩǴӣҪˡҲ֪ӣĿǰʲôΪδڣôˣҲͽȻʧ
ӳ΢΢ҡͷٴα˫ۡ

ȸĹڲַŻٶȣʶûɢ̫󣬴˵Щ϶࣬һЩֶԸΪ鷳ʮᦣ޷Ӧ
һ·Сּ۶ߣһΣ̵ͷı䷽ƹһг̱仺
һգִĿɼ֮ɽ壬ɽУһСѶȥͷ
ɽܣһƬƬɽ
վɽ֮£꣬Ŀ
ȸĹڲѾգ۲죬˳Ŵ˵ֱУӦþǽĵ·ߡ
һ·ԸоԽߣЩԽ࣬ǿߣڶ࣬ԶԶܹǡ
Ƭ̺һǰ˫֮Сһȥÿһľ裬ʱ̹۲ܡ
仯Ī⣬Իκ̬в⵽
һ·߽СԵɽұڣֻϣһƬƬʪ֮⻬ޱȣһЩطˮΡ
߳ʮɺֺȻɫһ䣬вԣ
ϸĿ˿ԵɽұڣĿ˸
Ǵ˵س곱ʪһЩ̦޺ֲϾһ·ȸĹûκ𡣿´˵أ⳱ʪȴƸոճһ㣡
ʳָһһұڣâ䣬֣γһһС
ڰߵλóʪǰߣȴǸ
ûκͣ٣̺ˡתۼ䣬˳С뿪һϢɽұегʪˮգ̹ĴʯڳֻһεξӨ͸ˮһſˮ㣬ƮСİС
Щˮ飬²ʮÿһһꡣ
ֵǰЩˮȻһ໥һγһ֮ӹ䶯ʵգһŮӡ
ŮòѰȴһɹϢĶ֣˵㣬ܽȥ
˺˵ǵ꣬ˮɵѶԸһࡣ˵ǰֻлҵʵȻѶԸ
ˮ֮䣬ɷֿɢǷӡҲȫǣǰֱһˮӦ֮¼ΪѣղòƵС
ԣڲ˵ؿˮֲ֮źԥ˺
˼䣬ʶǰɽһɨ֮ǰһЩҪ鷳ʶһֱûɢ̫࣬ڣȻˮѾʶɨţɫһ
һˣˣһΪǿˮﶷ֮УռϷ硣
ֻǣֿ˶ˮȴǲ֪ΪΣһֺĸооȴĴڡ
һ˺ˮɵŮӣ˺̻εˮɽӿȥ
վɽ⣬ꡣ
ԣɽˮΪĸоҲˮҲˮ꣬һǹ졣
üͷ΢壬ɽǻ꣬Ҫ뿪Ȼɫһ䣬͵ػͷ
һ˲䣬Ȼдʹ֮Уɽһ꣬һĺ
ɫһˣ
ڣִֵüԪڣһȻԶĽ
¶âһΣûκԥһһ磬ɽХȥ
ӣոճɽȣʱ֮ǰ뿪ˮŮӣ¶Σǰ̧ǰһģʱˮС֮ڡ
Ŀһж˵һĨɽ֣Ȼǰһӣͬʱͺһ̰üġ
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գۼ䣬ֵԪֱӳ뵽ˮŮڣͬʱɽ̶Ůؿڴ͸
ŮӲҺһȫ̱ɢֵԪѾڣɢ˲䣬ԪһΪɶģıˣԼٶȣ̻ÿһ֮С
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ʱһƣԪ֮ɢת֮䣬еˮζһһӡһУ̴һˮڷɳԼٶŹǰ֮С


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뿪ãЩӡˮ̴һ֮еˮΣ̻ˮЩ໥ۣȻٴγŮӵӰ
ӡˮ˵ֻʱ޷ȫȫ׵ķ
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ߵü֮ϣһҶֲչһǿ֮ŵ
Ϸ޷ɱ㣬ȴ԰ЩҲʱ䣬һϾ׷Ϸ򣡡ձȻ˵
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ĹͨűȣĶֵķŭһ֮ʣɱ䣬аҶʦУڴеʿࡣ
ֵĳ֣һ֮ǰˮﶷв䣬Ψȫ񶼷棬ټֵΪϾԶǵֽ꣬ѾﵽӤڡ
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㣡߿ֺ¶â쳤Цǰһץʱһ̴Ӱˮ֮Ϸɳһڹ⣬ּ۶ȥ
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ڵɽȣͬѣѣΪޣĴԪѷ֣ܵһС
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453 ɭʹ
ץסˮˣһԪѷͻȻϢĳǰֻڵһֵ½ǣƱһֻεĴɣʧһƬ
亹ֶͷڳ֮£ڳɽȡ
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֮ıһ˲ɣڽıһУȸӹΪǰķǰȸӵһϷ
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Ľְ꣬ڶͷ뵽ռڡ
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УֺȻĿһԶһƬ˴ɽУһʯ֮ϣձߣֻʣ°ӣ˫޹⣬һԪ񣬴Ķݳ
֮ǰʮϢĺƽ֮УһͻȻֵĴԪѷ죬ʹʧȥ˰Ԫ
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ֹĬ̧꣬ͷԶȸĹһα֮ѾüΪΣգвڴɥֲɵԥ
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뿪ãһ绮üͷ˿ʧķ¶˼֮ɫ


454 汦
ֳԶȥһ·СʶɢϢֵĴԪ϶Ϊͷʹдڣ޷ӿٶȣֻһһߡ
պַУԾһΪ֮أĿǰһƬأЩڣһɹƽ֮գһѰĽâ
ʶһɨؼ࣬һƬһۿͷ
ÿһڣĲһѳ˵ֻ¶һ룬âȴǼءһ߽ֱĲɭɭ⡣
ꡭֳĬ
ȸĹڵʱѾ̣ĹڵһУ˾ͽ˵ֲ̫ǳٶ֮ˣʱգĶһѾԼķ
ȸĹ֮ŶԣҴ˿˵ȸĹڣͬҲ֮ڣ
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꣬һһ߽Ƭص磬߳ʮ֮ʱȻԶһأͻȻɢŨŨĺ⣬̵صײĽ̰εض𣬺Х
һѼΪͨḶָ̌߳ϸͨףָ֣˵Ľ֮

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˵λõǸڣɢĽ⣬뵱ɽпЩɽΪơ
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455 
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458 
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Ϳ˾ļڣһӴͼǼ֮ʱһټ
Щ䣬ֵİûм䴫У˿ҲȻǵľ硣
Ǽ䣬ûκʵʵ֪ĹͿ˾Угʮ֮ͨһָ֮£ȸǡ
Щ֪ͨھ֪ʩչȴ޷ãЩͨ͵ҪҪǹʵſ
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ȴ޷ʩչͺûоٴҲ޷йһ㡣
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׼ȷ˵ڵɭӵļޣֻ൱ңӵаǹ֮е˵ʵʵ̫͡
ȸһǹǴ˵еĴڣȫȫԽʶһȼĴڣ
ɭĿǻ֮Уһõ˴Уôֻ辭һʱգ̿Ϊİǹ
ʱ˵ЩϹ֣ҲΪ֮ľ
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׼ȷ˵ʵϾͿ˾ֻͿ˾񲻳ɶµһ˿ħˡ
֣־ڱصã
̧ͷĿɭߵɨһΣĿ⣬صСϡ
ж֮һι۲죬̿˶ߣС˫ĿʱĺâѪ֮ЩѪۻʿеϢ
Ŀɬ뵽˵ħӡŵ۵ˣЩˣ˿̳ģ󶼳ΪѪڵѪʿ
⣬ǼϹʿȸûʿ֮ʱѾڣڣЩ˵ΪҲǿޱȡ
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УȴһЩѧʿ֪ͨЩʩչʹǵսʱ
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ѵ˵֮ʹӡĿһ
ʱȻɽ֮ٴδҵ𶯣֮䣬˿̾Ǻ¡¡ƻص죬γ֡
ȸĹڲΧ̮˶ദλóΪޣЩûҵɽʿ֮ˣȫⳡ޴ɶĺƽУһһ


460 ״
ЩɵҲкܶűɢһա
һϵӦ˿̵ȸϣһЩˡʿޣʼ
Ϣ޷ܣֻѡ
Ǻ֮ܶ࣬ıգȸǣΪ
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ȸĹڲɽ֮ϣһεı𶯣ʮϢ֮УǾ޴ϣѷԽԽ࣬һƬ
ʱȻȸһȻǾ޴ԣжһñһ֮£ñʱһ̷ɢһģЩĽһ𣬺һǣĳǾ޴š
֮һĴ֮ϵѷ죬̼ɢ
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ʱɭߣĿâһ¶һ˿м֮Ц͵վӣ££̰ա
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Ȼ״жһһһ֮
ʱǽ׾ĿһнȻһһâ̴˺֮ڣһ¡¡ľӺڴһɴ˴Ӻڳ̩оˣΪǱĴڷɳڰ֮ͣ£̩һѪɫ԰ס
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׾û׷нһᣬĿϡ
кâһ״󺺵ʵΪǿһ֮Ӧôﵽʶһɭ߲Żڶ֮ųſԵֿ
ΨȸӣܴݵĿסҽ뺣ڡ
״Ȼûк֮ģ̩оȻ޷


461 ɱ
Ŀ֪ԼΪ޷״󺺵ĽâԿǼʶ֮ꡣ
ʱԶǬüˣҲͬüͷ΢壬ȻҲ˶ߡ
ţֵֿ״󺺵ĽâΣǬĿһȻ˵
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ǬģûΪӤڶӣ֮УǿԼһս֮ˣҴеʮᦣǿ԰ɱ֣֮ɵ
ԣúȥס֣ʹԼ֮ϧɽ֮ŷ֣ԭҪ֮Ҫؿ
УѾ֮ǰǰĲΣǬһ˿صļ
ûʮᦣôԲԼᲢۡ
ֵӦǬһ˵ѣҶϣֿâʦýӦ㿴Σ
ĿƽɨǬüһۣǡôʱüĿҲȻһЦҪ˵֮ʱջĿ⣬ô鷳ĳһȥӽâǡ
ǬһĿ˸һȥӽâҪֿâ֮ͬʱҪСԱĺ֣ǼΪΣ֮£Ǭ֮һ֣ͬΪֹ˼̫࣬ӳȫʵ
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֮ǰȸɭ߶Կ˽֮ʱֲδ룬дУȴ̣ʱԽһ̸ܵǹɻصĿֲϢ
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ԣԼԿǬȻмƣ˵ɻ󣬵ȴͬ⡣
ʵǬ粻ͬ⣬֣ҲԣŲԼԽâΣ֮ʱǬ᲻͵ϮֻһѶԷʮڣȴЩ鷳Ҳ˼Ʋߣа˳ɰհǬ
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һ˵ʵȴڵʯ֮ȫɣâɨǬ֮ʱһ٣û̳ɨ˲Զüһۡ
üں󷽽Ӧ˿̿תԵһĻһ֮£ȻЩĿһӼ۶׷֡
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462 Ҷ
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ͨڣɫ԰ף¶
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ֻȴоЩԾ֮п˵˾ͽ˵һʶʱȴûڵľ֮С
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Ŀһ֮ǰʶֻע⵽һȸ֮ͽ˵صȸɭߣȴûп
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˿𺳵ĸоǿңɸߵľȣһСУӿͷ
ĿһԶڣȸӵӰ
ȸӴ˿ɫ԰ףϥǻѪ¡
ԵЩήҲ񣬿֣ɳƵЦҹȻûп㣬ǵ˵֮ˡ
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ȸɫѿ˵󷨰ס˿Ӧûڣ֣ˣ֮ȥȡΪҲãΪʿҲãҲ֮
Ŷɫ糣ɨȸһۣƽ˵ȥȡ֮
ȸ֪̾˼ɶ࣬ʶ鿴һңͻףѾ;ƿݣǴźӵߣȸ֮ˣ˵ķͨΪ죬ֻס䲻ʱ䣬һ֮ʱȸ֮ˣȫΣ
Ŀһ̧ͷһ۱֮һȸҶǰϹ⣬ûκԥ̱ˡ
ԱȽʱٶȣͨķɳ۶ȥ
ȸĿһʧԭأʱ֮ͨǰɭĶ֣кȵʲô
Ŀһ˺󼸲ȸӣһӣʮۣƽ˵


463 
ȸɫ֣Цοģ
ֶȸӣǲ֮˲ƣؼˣҲû˵ôء
ȸӹһЦ¶һ˿֮ɫ˵ѡ֮һûǲ֮Ϸ֪̾Ҫֻ꣬败ɰأ
Ŀƽû˵ֻǾȸӣеʮᦣս
ϷҲƭ㣬ҪܴĴۣϷŻȥҳأӦϷرһԶż̳棬ʮһҶʮҶ
ȡ꣬ȥʹΪһ㣬Σȸӳ
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ִڣһֱȸӵĲñֻ󷨼࣬Ϊӣʹ֮ȫٿء
ȸĿһֽܲΨаķԸȥóһöϢ֣һѽסŲæĿһۣȷŷ봢ڣһʮᦻһ磬ֱϿա
תۼ䣬һȸǰ⵱һӢĬĬ˿һۣӰ΢һɨĿ֮ϡ
ˣվɫԱߣâӳգϣȴûκӰӴڡ
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˴ò˶ãҾͿ߳֣˷һΣһΣܲ


468 ȸĻգ
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ȸǣչֳ˾Υƽ


469 һ
ȸ⣬ǿ֮Уüɫѿ²һϽ֮â۶ߡ
֡üҧ´ӰһǣԶһǰС
ʦᦵĵĻ갵иңµձĴ׷ɱҶʮüͷ֮УϽâһֻһϸϸĳ룬ü˸ϡ
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470 ԵѾ
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ǰڣæǰ˵̬֮ǰҪŨϼ֣ղľʯһĻһ
˵ؽףرС֮˿̽ȻˣΪʿڶࣿʵ
æ˵ǰ֪ڷڽ֮ˣЩͨʿһˣȻ±˿̽
Щ˼ɴ֮ˣҲһõĵ̴ȡǣһͿɶһЩûҪ鷳
ԴӳʯӶʿػֻǻ֮ʿ̫࣬Խ֮£Ȼڷգһпѡ
ȻһЦ˵أЩİˣ±ˣħΪ¯׷ɱô
˵ؿīѩҺֿգʵ
īѩҺãҲûЦǰ֪
˵֮ϺȻ۾һ˵ǰ䲻֪īѩҺΪõڣһĵ̣ų˵д
Ŷ˵˵ջĿ⣬ƽ˵
ϵ̣õڣĵ̣еһ˵߼֧֣ڶ϶е̴ڡ
۳ۡ򡢶һ֮ˣֱܵͳǰ⣬Ҫرڣ˵
գͷ·
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475 ޱ
ǰһңϵ̣ﲻѰʿԽ֮أ̲顭û˵꣬һɫĲƣ֮Ȼ֣֮ɢ
ֹһȻ֮д
ɫ糣̧ǰһӣʱһɹַƿնһˣӴ̶ĺХ֮ɨɫƶȥ
㣡ȻߣַХУɫƶʱܼɢǰ⣬â˸һ꣬ɫѿĿ֡
ĿһõǶ꣬ⱱ˵ֻΣҲ̲飬ȴ˸ո߽ⱱʱֱ⡣
ɫʼ糣Ϊ˵ûԼһﵽӤڣȴҲǰֻ̤Ӥ䣬Ĺ֮С
ƣ㹻Ӥ䣬Ȼ׼һѡӤĵڶַʽ
һһ㹻ɹ֮Ӥڣչ׺ܶࡣ
궢֣һ˵
кâһǰһ̤뱾ںϺ˾ͽ϶һ£ֵսٶȣǿ˲٣˿һ֮£ٶ̫졣
գۼ䣬ֱɣȭǰһƣһɴȻȭ⡣
ûκƿ֮ܵĿռ䣬ȴϢ䣬һϸܵƣƱһ㡣
ɫ䣬ôҲû뵽ԷһӤڣȻһȭ֮£߱ܣһȭĪ˵Ӥ۷ʿҪ£ҪķѼвˡ
ˣȴƱһɲ˼һ㣬޷ƶ㣬ֻܿȭͷǰԽԽ
亹Ӵ˱ǼڳĿ⣬ȴûлңӤڵΪҿڳԣй˵Ϊоݡ
ס֣һӵڣ촫ŶģһââȻֻһ豭٣ȴǼ죬豭̺Ӵһ֮£ֱֶȥ
ĿһһָۣŲ豭֮һΣ£ת
ֵָ⣬ǻѸתէһһԲȦһ㣬ż۶Ĳ豭͸
ǲ豭ٶһȻ֮תһΣǰ֮ƹ
һףӵڴ
ȭ磬ֱһȭգǿڳԵ꣬ɫĺһںɫѪ˫Ŀŵŵ˺һΣһѪ
һɫȫëס֮йգۼ䣬ڣκڡ
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һȭûɱˣȴ˴۶ɻⲻֱӰΪӤԵֱӴˣص˻ڡ
ȭ֣Ŀƽӳ豭ĵ̡
֮ǰתͨ˾ͽϵķȸ֮ʱ˶Ƿһھһ˾ͽϵĶѾĲ֮ǰǰ
ĴͨʿֻǸˣͨǿ֮ȻˣǷǿнɱ⡣˾ͽϣ˵֮
λֶ̨Σ֪մһƽӵڴֵģһͦεӰ
һ۵꣬üĿ˫ں䣬޷͸վܵĿռ䣬ȻȻǵӤ۷壬ɢŵľ硣
ɨ˴һۣɫ糣˵֣
֡°ޱǰһӣһѰȣг֣ҲйƮƮ֮ò
Զһȭȥɻӣɫ԰ףǼ˰ޱߣ֣񶾵˵ӣɱ
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ߵǸȥɻ꣬˰ޱһۣĿеĹŹ֮ɫŨ
һֱֵӰʧһڣޱĿ⣬ŻջأʹһۣЦɻôӻصǺٸǣ߰ɣʦ˼һһ٣һδ٣ҵҲ˺档
˵ţ߽֮ǰ֮ڡҪĶ󣬵ȴΪ˵ؾż꣬Ω䣬֮
ޱ֮˲ڣְԵʹϣԣ֮ǰ̤뱱ǵһĻ
һĵڣ̤룬һֺľ޴󹬵ݻޱȣĿڣоŰپʮŸʯ̶ˡ
ŨĿɿڴǰһĻδŨԶһеط
ԥһ£һҧȥ֣ϥ£
ǰһˣЩˣһŮӣˣвͬÿһǾ
ЩУһУϷŸ֮鵤֮࣬ӦоС
˿̣һЦ֮дţһ˶˵һݿ£Ŀһɨϡ
ŮһϮİѩϯسȹȹǵıɫ߲˾Ŷ޻һƬѩеĸעĿ
˿Ử㷢ɢ֧β˴ϰˮ鴮ϸɣĻī˿ɫ㷢ŲƵƵζƬСĴָСĵСƬб۵·⻪ü续
λѣӭϱꡣŮӵݺȣ
ŮɫƾףֵĿ⣬ȴڴŮ·ǵɫСƬϣ˼ۡ
ȻСƬ
Ů·ϵľŶ޻Ҳһǲɶõķ
ͷϵ֧ӣػǷŮϣ޲ǱҲʾ˵صݻ̶ȡ
˵꣬īѩҺĿбӣƽ˵


476 ;
ϵ뿪ָʮƷʯ߳õǡ
ϵڣȷīѩҺҪۣȴǹףһ£Լȫеʯһ𣬿ҲֻܻīѩҺ
ļ۸񣬳ֵԤϡ
û뵽īѩҺȻ綥֮һ
һһѰīѩҺȻΪ򵥣ɶʿ˵īѩҺ̫ϡ٣Ůӻ֮⣬Ԫ֮֮ʱжīѩҺʹԪںٶȼӿ
Ԫ֮ʱǿкЩīѩҺɱԪɢܵشҲԼֻصڡ
Ŀһõ⣬ҵһɽ£ϥ£ʶɢĬĬĺ˾ͽϡ
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ϣһоŸǳأʱ䣬һ춯صϢĴݿ
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Ҳͬ٣
һҲͰˣµʱ䣬һֱҹŸǳأõڣȫϴһ顣
ΪߣڶʿΧҲࡣ
գų֮Уһʶʿŭ֣ҪѴɱһս˶صߣΪ֮𺳡
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ΪֻǴ˵֮еʶ֮ϣʵ⡢֮ſԴﵽһ֮ƻȳգ˸ǣ˸ҵ
죬ʼɽ֮ϣңõǷڵµ֮ʱ¶һ˿΢ЦһĴóñͷϡ
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˾ͽϹһЦӴһСƿӸ֣˵㣬㡣
Сƿ˾ͽæ鿴ڵսƷſţ¶⡣
ջ񣬿ɱǰ
ֽӹʶһɨһ˿
ΪҲպлᣬҲһѣİԾ
ǿУһƬڰЩʱĿԿѤʵ֮ĳ̶ȣ˿һۣ
ºչǰģһƾ޴ˮĸƣ˾ͽƣ̾һ˵֣Ҫ뿪ˡ
ֳĬĿ貵ƣ˵ɹ
˾ͽϹһЦ˵̫һ·ɱȥ߱ȵ˵طҲ͹ˣ˵꣬һָƣֵƵҶҲֿ·ȥ֮أԶԴ˷ֿ
˾ͽ˵ţһĴʱһâӴڷɳգһѾ޴Ĺ⽣˾ͽһΣվ˹⽣ϣͷһۣ˵
֣ز죬ҪҲ׹ȸʿİʵڲУȥңڣ˭Ҳ㣡
ƣʼûп˾ͽϣĬĬĵ˵ͷ˵ҪСģʵڲУңڣ˭ҲҶ㣡
˾ͽϴЦ˵֣УгһˣͶ㣬Сӿɲȥ˵ʲôҲҪڣŪɳʱȥ㵱ϣ
˵꣬˾ͽٴοһۣһΣ˵֣أ˵ţ¹⽣һ磬Ȼ䣬ʧԭء
˾ͽأתͷ˾ͽʧķǿУ˿ֻ̣ʣһˣվϣĬĬš
ã̾һ˿̤֮꣬ã˾ͽϱһֱ飬鼫ء
˵о󲿷ʱ䣬˾ͽ϶ڳ˯ͨ棬ȴǿĸо˾ͽϵĴڡ
У˾ͽʵʣʦ죡
һΣϵĵ꣬Ũ
֪֮աĬĬվ˺ܾãһ䣬ϣ˾ͽʧ֮ͷ
ִأֻݸĸֻ˾ͽѹ꣬һΣԶȥ
ķ˾ͽϣһһԽԽԶ
뿪֮󣬶˷ֿ֮һâ˸˾ͽϵӰվǰâ֮ϣ֣̾
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һ·˵ٶȲ죬ȴʼնڽС
ϣ˿̳׵ıɫââУԼɼһľ֦ɰʣںᴩϡ
ľʯݻɵʡ
һ̣£
µʱ䣬ʹľʯĽϣСɶѡÿһҪķѴʱ䣬ڹ˵ʱûиģÿμǰꡣ
Ǿǹһǧʱ䵯ָһӡ
ּһʱ䣬һֱȥµȵǣҲɣ꣬˼ںϣС״̬īѩҺļ
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477 
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֮ϣվһˣһͷƮɢһ˫ӣɢ֮â絶Ƿһɫ˿̻죬п紵һ㡣
ƤԺڣȴһּΪ֮УŨŨ
֣
ǿУǸȥọ́Ѿ˴꣬ʱ䣬ֵı仯ܴ
ķɫȸʱǱ𪣬΢ڣǿ֮УܵһЩ֮ɡ
µɡ
ԹͿ˾ļ䣬̣ľʯıͣīѩҺʹ䳹ںΪһղһı仯
ΣǹͿ˾УһֵֽԶٶȣƾڣΪΣȡ⣬˵޷ȵĹʵȴҲ˼ĳ̶ȡ
չͿ˾ļ䣬̣Ҫ֮ѪΪһԷӴٶȡ
˿ֽ̣ٶȣ֮ʶʿҲ˿ã
ǿУ˸УԶԶȥʧӰ
ʱһΣǰꡣ
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Ҳһ۵ıԵʿͬӤڣһսԶݡ
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һԵʿ̱ܿԸǡ
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ʱһȥתۼ䣬һꡣ
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˿Уǣ̫ˣȸȽϣʵ΢
Ҵ˿̼ҲܸܵŨṲ̃ϣŨ̶ȣȻ޷˼顣
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ǣ𶯣ƴ죬һĻͷ·ǵδ֮ʱɽеһ߳ȥسһ㡣
Զǣӿֺ飬Ŀ¶֮⣬ĬĬ
ǡ֣ˣ
δǰǽŲһ̤ͬһ磬Х˺
·̴һĵСǣһΣ롣
˵˻һâֱӳС֮ϣƿ磬صףϥɡ
ϣǿڶ࣬˵˿ϳĹ֮壬Էһְѱ£ͷǷȥ
ܣɫŨֲܣԶԶȥϸһĻ㡣
Уе㾧Ĺһ㣬˸档
мɫϣ˿̣ʱ޿̲ɢ֮УʹƷڵĿˮӿչֳһĪĻ档
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ֳУȻĿһ˺ɣС
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һţĲ˽֮ϡ
лɫ糣ȭ
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˵꣬ɢγһֱͨ
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һİУļ̾һһԶȥ
ĳأԶУּ۶ȥ֮;ڲԶڣǰ
ĿӴལһԾ˵棬ལһ䣬ʧӰ


478 ʵ
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˻һ׹⣬˸ǰۡ
ʱ䲻ֱһɽ֮ϣҪԾ֮ʱȻɫһֹͣƮڰգԶ
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Ŀ⣬ʼƽڣȴһ˿
أԲöɣޣȡһΪ֮
ֻͨأſӵгΪڵӵʸһʯκˣɸı䡣
˿̣֮ڣһƬʺɴĻڸأȴһͬԴڡ
ﻨ㣬񣬼ͻȮͣûдƻ˳˯һ㣬֮ص
Դһɽ壬֮˵࣬ȴ˴˶ڣദ֮һƬ͡
б׵ңһլԺ˵ªһȴǼΪſڴɫëβݣ׺֮гһ˿⡣
ԺУһľ񣬶ѻСɽľͷԲηܣһԻһľӣϷŲ豭
˿̣һƵߣϣƷŲ⡣
˵ͷ׷ȴ˿̬Ų豭һں̧ͷլ֮ڡ
һڵͯӣһС̵ͷһɫľͷϿ̻
¶һ˿΢Цͯӣ̬Ϊ
֮ͯӱһ壬̧ͷߵĿ⣬ܼ̿ߣ۵˵㵽˭
߰Ѳ豭£ͯӵͷЦ˵˭ұ˭
ͯҪ˵ʱһլڴӣүүȥ̣
һ꺺ӣլӹ߳
ͯûлͷ̾˿Ŀ꣬תصլڣٴοʼһһĿֻ̻Ŀ⣬ȴ¶ɻ
Ǻӵͯһۣߣһԣߵˮ˵Ҫȥɽһˡ
ʼմĿͯӣ꺺ӵĻһͷ㲻˵
ȥɽʲôһ˵Ӵ⴫ֻһͷ׷ϸˣһˣ߽Ժڡ
꺺æȥӹӣ˵嶫Ķţ˵ɽ̫ƽд棬׼ҼˣһȥҪã͸ŪŻƤ
ϸſ죬Ҫ˵Щʲôգȴǿʼһۣ̾˿ҡͷ
һһȥ꺺ӣ뿪֮ʼҲûл
ϸУҹȴյģȴһ߲ȱȫʬ壬ʹ֮£ʹȥ֮ա
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ǵڼˣ߳Ĭ֮̾һ˵
̧ͯͷߣƽ˵ڰʮˣһΣвԶ
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ͯ˫͵һЩľԶȼɢĹ⣬ĹȼյĻ磬׳͵ɢ
ֻЩ֮ǰɢĴᡢ㣬ȵһУһ˲䣬ȫָԭװ˵أٴαԴ
˭ڣʧͯƽ˵ᣬȴйɱ
֮ϵ˫ۣͯӣ֮󣬽ʧˡ
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ͯӵͷаʮֻʼûе̳ɹľľһŮӵӰ
ɡ⣬ʵҲ֮ڣ
ڣ
һɫļ̳УӣϥڣĿޣȻ䣬˫ۣ¶һ˿΢Цӣѣ
ʮ֮ڣԴ֮ڣ߳һˣ˵صһ֮ͯڶ㻯꣬ҡһ䣬꣡
һͷ޷Զʤѩһһ߳԰Уһľľգɹˡ
һŮӣһºӰŮӣǣŲõ΢ЦĿ⣬ɢĵɡ
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ֻأεʵǧΪָʵ֮أȤĿƽͣ˴˿̿ȥ˵֮ǰһ˿ı仯ֻ仯صļѷ֡
ֻǿԿĿ⣬֮ǰӵǿһ㡣
һ̤ʧ֮У֮߳ء
֮أΪ㣬׼ɸ̤룡
кβң΢Ц̧ͷ


480 Ƹ
֮֮һƬɫ磬һɫĻ棬ӵط֮ʱֱʡ
վڴ˵أңܣ̬糣
˵ؿΪȴ֪Ժַʽִ̤¶˼
ʱȻԶطУһɺ׳ڰȻһڣûΪһɫӰ
һͷ췢޷ԶƮɢкɢһ㣬˫ֱأԭ֮˲Ĺ⡣
֮صʮɣң㷽ǰУǻӰУĻ
ƽĿŶԷ˵ǰһ壬ͬʱ˫һǰһγɺƹԪ̫֮˫һǰȻȥ
ʱһɺ֮ȻڷǰΡ
ƣֿ£ȫâ͵һǻӰ˫ĹȻˣص˫ÿǰȥ
һ죬ɳ𣬵ѳɺۣžܷɢǻ֮Ӱˣ˫Ѫģһֱ˵ʮֹסӰ̧ͷ֡
ֹ˫֣̬ݣˣƽ˵£
ǻ֮˳Ĭ꣬һϹһΣ»ص׷϶ʧ
ƽĿԶӦû֮飬Ϊ˹ߵΪ
أ̽ӡ¶һ˿Ī֮Цǰ򣬶ת뿪
֮أҷڣֵӰʧ˵֮ڡ
ڹɽ֮£һƵ꣬˿üͷ壬Ŀ˸
˷ĵҲϡϧȴ޷˻ῴΪ̶ûӤڣͨҲ࣡
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дʦ˼ʦܵȻһ·˳ˡһԶƮ
ͬʱһµ꣬ԶУһһ̤֮£˹ɽ֮ϣˣȻڽһ֮Եİޱ
תޱ΢Цʦܣпҵʦ񣿡
ޱɨһԶޣЦʦ׼ֻСѣ޷ʦȡף
˵䣬ޱĿһޣ¶֮ɫ
һ˵ʦȸյļӣǰˣؿ飬ڣѾе˵أ
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˵֮غ󣬱˵أһ飬Ѿʮ졣
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ֲľԼָоһЩ߽֮֮֮صľֵԪ֮ڣһ֣޵Уֶ
һգ֮ڵĵʮһ죬һ죬˫ۣӴѡ
˫Ŀûκιȴ֮âϣ˼꣬¶һ˿΢Ц
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һܵȻһƷתһ㣬Ϊĵ㣬Ѹٵתһ֮£һʣȫʧӰ١
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ֵͷɷȭӰ磬ȥ
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481 
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ŮɷŨ˵ûΪΣסﶼУͲס
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Ҵ˵̬ЩӣİĥһУƸкܴϵ
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֮ջĿ⣬վӣԶȥ
һֱıӰʧŮӵڣŮӱһȻ䷢֣һȻѾˮʪ
ҧ´û䣬߳Ƹһԣգʦֻ֣Ҫʦڣ;κȡλá˭ҲУ
Ƹ֮⣬һ羰ĶԣһӣһӴڷɳһڣ֮£ûãһ䶴Ρ
ջطɽڣ֮ϥ£ĺһ
˼֮ɫŨ
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һУڸǣҪ취֪һеǰ֮£ƸĹ£
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һУΪͨûκβѰ֮
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ԼŪĶԲʮ֮ڣκ̤룬Ʊ֮
µʱ䣬ûκ˵һ仰ɷҲʧһ㣬δ֡
ΩƸ⣬ÿճ֮ʱŮӱǰȥŸ¥һһ죬δϡ
һֱôȥôҲ⣬ﾲޣ˴ŵҲУֻǣڵʮϥڶڴȻüͷһ壬˫ۣ򶴸֮⡣
⣬ʷǻڲԶ۵ߡ
һһݣ˴˿̾ɫ䣬ɨڵĶһۣһ˺ȵλӣûг͸Ūҹ
ֵӰӶ߳ɫɨһۣ˾ӤڵΪ
˭￪ٶˣһڣѴ˵ضٵĻŹ洦ãĿһ
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ִϣһֱû˵Ǹߣ˿ƽ˵
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һҧ͵ػͷִϣɱңʼߴ˵ĵӣҲһŹ洦ã
֪ҵЦֺݺݵһץԪҺһץУק˻
ͬʱһĴһɳӭ仯ɴСһ˦Ԫסѹ˵ϡ
ֺתԶ
һߣһɫѸ˻أվʮ⣬һҶ䵶ǰϵ˸ɽ֮ϴŵĺС
ӣүүվˣҪǸҶһ£Ҿ͸
ƽߣ˵Ȼ˵زҪһĳôһѣһ֮ڣңƸ֮ǰ˭ھס


482 ָ
ɫ԰ףҲû뵽ǰԼΪԷǵʿȻ治ɫ赭дֱӰӤڵִ׾ٵһһ
ֻͨӤڵʿſ
ƽģӿǿҵĻ⣬֪ˣʵڲɷԴǣ³
˿̣ԲԶǱ޴סͬԪ֮½Ȼܱ֮ࡣ
߶У̾һһеĵֿӵĿһۣ˵ȰųɣҶ³çҪ֪ʲôȫ֪
ֲΪֻĶŴˡ
һɬɨһǰ˸ǻ䵶˵ʼߴˣһͽϵÿһϵˣֻһĵӣˣ˵Ҳǵӣȴ޷ʼ˵մϵˣ֮Ϊӣ
һﲻƽţվɣһɰȻ֮⣬Ȼ𣬴˿̵֮ǰ֮ʱȻ
ϵһǧǰһţһ·ճΪϵһˣȡϵΪ֮һ
֣ƣס֮Ƹ󣡡
Ŀһƽ˵ңкιϵ
ԭҲûʲôϵƣȴڰǰ֪ԭʦţ˵ˣʼ˲δ׷ɱԳȥһˣһºӡƸ󣬲»һƸס֮ˣ֮һ˵һ£ӵĿһֵۣϵӣڣһˣ˾ǳΩ㣬һǣѰУҲʿݵͼʼסƸô»ỺһЩڣȴųȻ
ңէΪֲߣʦֵܣȻ˳ۣʼˣ޷ֱӳ֣еһЩȴǱܲ⣡˵ģҶ˵ˣҶ㣬ҷӴ֮ʦֵ֮ܶ£Ҷ˾룡
˵ţɨһǰȻɢâ䵶䵶Ϊɵ
кâһһУԭΪˣ
һ٣ɽ̷ɻأߣһ䵶˿Źߣɽҡ
һڴɨǾ޴һۣͬԪ񣬲Һ֮Ȼԥһ£˵
һ٣תķɵУָһʱСһѸٷɳҪӶ֮ʱһץֱץС
һУд
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һۣԪȻУ£˵Ԫ񣬸һڣ̱һɴ뵽Ԫеڣ
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кâһ£ɱ
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Զߴһ΢ĲҺߣգۼ䣬䵶ɻء
һץߵԪ̴䵶֮ϱץסҪУȴˣֱӰѴԪУڡ
Щкâû٣࣬תһ֮£Ƹȥ
ӰҾסƸһжѾڣȻˣұָ췭ظ֪֣֮ǿ֮ˣ
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Ŀһ˵ǰһָɽ̺ХֱƴŮ䵶ǽһ֮£Ȼٽ
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У㲻ںںʶںôֻ֪ҪΪӣôĻʦ𴫵֮
ʦ𴫵ãĴǧӣɱһƷǿһƷ
ӣٴһƷߣɱʦ͵ˣ죬Ϊ磬Ĵͨʿ
ǧӣ㱻Ʒ˻棡Ŀأһһ˵
ǧȷϵһʤУǧӷţǰʦһƷĻһֱڣڱչزһأʵﵽһµĳ̶ȣޱͷ
˸֮âĬ󣬵˵ͷվӣޱȭʦ֣ˣ࣬Իǰȥݷã
ޱЦ˵޷ȻˣҾͲˣߣ£ң˵ţޱһȭתȥ
תһ˲䣬ϵЦʧȡ֮ģһƬɭ
ʦ֣ΪӣֻҪҰޱŵһ죬;ɹҪÿΣʧܣˣſɱ㵱֮£
ֻصָڣĿ˸
Ʒ֮ǰֲ֪ĳ̶ȣ˾ͽദһºʽɱֶ֮˺˽⡣
˾ͽƾоģ¶ʽɱУ߱ɴ˿ɼһȻ޷
ˣ֮ǿΪԭһɱ
ӵƷɱƷˣǼǿֲĴڣΪԽߣʵԽ
֮Уֻ֪йһ֮ͨɫ
һֻͨõͿ˾䴫У¼˺ܶ࣬ЩͨҪһſʩչҪΪϸԱΪ޷á
ӣȤĿһ꣬ϵƣתָ߳
˿ѽ磬յգɢϢ£һͷһƮ֮С
ɽ֮ϣһ·ڵӿ֣Զͣıȭƺʦ棡
һ·ȥЩڣûȸϵһ㣬ڱǿΪ
ϹɵĳΪǰ󶨱֡
һͻȻߣȽɭϣһһ˿ȡ֮¡
ҲΪΣƣΪӣɷȻҪһʦֵԭ
ɽ֮ǰ̽Σ˿Ҳİȥ֮Ʒ
˸ճȡҩʯ֮ޱȡƣڴ˵ء
ΪӵӣȻһЩȨ˵񣬾ͻй̶ķݶ֮ǰŰޱ̸ºųУȡ
ӵķţΪҪﵽӤڣϣ֣Ҫһ֮ɲ躹֮һԼʾ¾ͻᱻ̲ڽŵףӣҲĬΪĻͲ֮ǰɱһĻ
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487 
ƷɽжΣһбľ޴ƽ̨֮ϣ˸оŲ㣬ԶԶȥɢŨγɲ״ɢ
˸ʯȥһɲɣ֮Уƾµϴһ㣬ϣһЩʯѾ˻ɫ
һЩ̵״ֲڴ˸¥϶鸲һ㡣ЩϣÿһΣһɫС֣ţ
ڴ˸֮£һ޴󷨣󷨰ƽ̨ƷΧġ
ԶԶȥƳ棬໥֮£͸һ˿֮УڣǿϢһ㡣
Ϣİ׺ۣĴߣȴĴδ˴ײһ
Ʒ⣬ʱϥһˣһӣ£˫ü罣Ƴ°ʹ䣬޷Զһɷ֮ɫ
Ϊȫ䣬Ϊ֮Ҫߣ˺̽ߣ¶ƽ֮ɫһ㣬ȫ񣬴˿̣ϥ֮
ڴ˵˫ϥһ߳߳˽̣ͨɢĹ⣬ӳ֮£ʹ֮ڣ֮ɫ֡
վƷʮ⣬Ŀ糣ƽŴ˸ϥ֮ˡ
ΪǻڴԲڴϣȴһؼĽ⣡
ӣ˿˫ۣԶֺһվӣȭ˵򷲣ʦ棡ǰѱɫڴ˲䣬һ̹⣬ʧ
Ŀ򷲵üĴ꣬ƽ˵ķɽһۿɺã
һ㶣ͷ˵ӷɽֻѰ֮ɽ·ڻã޳֮ʦҪȻԡ˵ţüһ㣬һһ̹üһ߳߳ɢ
ĿƽһץǱ̳һ֮£ץסûߣϸ
ղɽϵһ˿⣬ʱʧӰ٣ֿǰķɽһ۾Ϳɢģ򷲣ɽ
ḧ̳΢ˣѷɽ֮ϵĽ⣬ǷˣҲֻô˽ѣ֣ڸղŸܵһ˿˲䣬ȴһһּΪϤĸоʱӿ
ֳĬ
ɽ֮ϵһ˿򣬷껯ΪɢĽ⣡
׷ߣһϰ꣬Ѷȫޣ
˿ֵ̣һΣܵĽ⣬ӵʶ⾳ı֮£ҲȻһ۾ϳ˽֮Ͻ
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ǵ㣬̾һץѴǵץУ̧ͷһ֪򷲣˵˽֮һ˿˽⣬ߣҲ㣬úãʮ˵ƣЩӡκһƷ·ɽϣʹ
˵ţһĴжദһöӸ򷲡
Ǳ̷ɽҲͬ黹򷲾ܱ湧ȴ¶ʹ֮ɫӹҲûʲôʶʶһɨ̣һ¶ݡ
꣬͵̧ͷ֣˵лʦ棡
񣬼ʶ࣬һ۾Ϳʮ˸ƵĲʮ˸ƣȫǹƣҪģʮ˸ƾȻԵӣͼΪˣǿѹĵļ޲̱չأʮ˸ȫӡڷɽϣʱӽ֮£ڵ֮ͬУκ壡
ʮ˸ƣֲֻȸӲñ֮һֱĥʮеˣҪýᦴﵽǧŰپʮƣЩͲ
˵أΪȡ񣡡Ҳϻֱ˵
æͷ˵λʦ棬ÿ¶һٿƸңΪ򿪴͡
ԣһӣƷȥ
򷲽ӹ󣬹˺󼸲ڵϲ鿴ָ꣬ĿһȻһ
ֿ֮Ȼɫȫ˲䡣
ưһɲǣɫۣȻȫŴ˵طһ¡¡ľ죬ץסƣһ𣬵ŵŵ˺
ƣƾƯ׺۴ӵ֮дٶԽԽ죬ռֻܿһӰӳһƬ
ϢȻɢǿҵââܺȻɢɫ̺Х໥һֱӳƣŲԶƷȥڴ˸ĵ߲ͣ£βûγһ޴Ĺš
æ˵ʦ棬ƽ롣
ֶ˵ǰһ̤ץסƣӻһ磬ֱӷ߲㡣
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ﴦ㣬ˮˣ߲Ʋ䣬ʱɺ׷ɹ
ڰУ˿̶߲ƣ໥Ѹٵںһγһ޴ӰӰòһȴǷӿֶ
ƣ
һϵ˿д
Ŀƽһ˦Хֱ֮ӷˣֻھǰȻһ٣һ£㾧âڡ
֮Ǿ˵ٴ
ϵһӣѾһδȡ㣬Ҫһȫȡ
һĶ˿Ҳɵ𶯣ȫȡ
һʮǧٿ飡Ǿ˵صУһȻڷɳԼٶȣ˲ǰʮѻ
ֱۿɼٶȷѻ񣬶ʱֿڸ֮УôҲû뵽ڣȻ˼
ֿĵݣǴﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȣӦ٣Ϊڣȴ˶࡭˿Ѿѻɽ¶һ˿Ӷйľâ򿪴ٶȣ̰Щȫ
ЩŴȻֲʵ֮С
ҡͷЦѹֱ˻ԼʿԼڵĶȷǲУʮ񣬾ѾԼۺ죬ղŵһ̣˭ֶֹԥĳ֡
˿Ŀ⽥лָ
˿̣Ǿ޴Ӱɢ»߲ƣâ˸໥ۻƣһַ
̧֣סƵ˲䣬Ӷʱһ֮ƶֱ˳ʮɣһ֮£Ӵ˵ʧ


488 
Ʒ⣬ֵӰ˵߲ԱߵգӸһ֣̻磬ֱӷԶ
һ·ٶȷɿ죬ֱײָȥ˿㹻ִչȡڣܹЩȫգʹԼΪﵽӤڣӵķţ
ٶȼ죬֮ⰲɽϣԵüΪ̶˿ַ̣ɹ֮ĵϣһŵڣߣˣڵִϣһˣ̧ͷһʧķһ˵֣Ҳ̫Ŀˣ֮أȻչٶȣ
Աߵߣҡͷ˵ʼ˵ĵӣֻҪǷ֮һ˵ǲҪȥܵĺãҴΪ˵ߣս鼫Ϊḻҵ˼֣Ҳֻ֮ƽְˡ
һˣ豭һڣҵȾͲˣʼ˵ĵУ˴Ϊңǧ꣬ѵû͸ô
˳Ĭ
һ·У֮󣬱صָһΣ˺Ƴ㣬˵ϡ
Ӱһ£ɫһתԶһ磬Ȼ֣֮۶
ڰһתɢ¶ӤڵŮӰˣʦ㣡
ͬʱ󷽣һУɷɫº͵߳
ҷһͺϵ϶ӣɫһ֡
ɫ糣ƽˣ˵ĵѣαزͷβɣǲˣǰ޿֣ԮŶԡ
ֻһ䣬һЦ֮лصϿգһɫӰȻ֣һ꣬ԼѮңߣ޷òͣһУֻǱˡ
һϮɫؿڴͣĻһ㣬˫Ŀɢǵɡ
ڣһе˾磡ЦºͣĿϡ
ӤڣʦΪҪ߳һߣӦǺڴԲʿ˫ͫ΢ɲһ
ʦܣ˵һϵ¶֣ȴҲжţգұٽܸʦָʶһ£ʦ֣㱾ˣҲһɣ˾΢΢һЦ˵
ߣһ֮д͸һ֮ɫֶУתֻʮ⣬֪ʱһˡ
ɫվһزĺһ㣬ɨһۣ㲻ȥǱĿ
һ۵ĿУ͸ģһһеĮУ֣֣
δʶȴѾֻ̤šɫڴˣĿģԶ׼ַ˴ϡ
˿̣ϵһеʦ㣬ǸòŮӣ¶֮ɫߣ֮Уò֣£
˵ţһ㣬Ȼ䣬һâڷɢתۼ䣬ܷԲʮ֮ȫǡ
ŲƣһȴУʮ֮ڵâȻһҵĻζתۼ䣬ʧԭأӰ١
һͬʧȥģ˴Ů֮⣬֡
ʮ֮⣬һ޴ʯ֣һƬһѰεضһ㣬ֱʣԶԶȥ˵ؼΪɱһɱһʯڣ໥һγһɱ档
˿̣ʯϿգȻâЩâԽԽ࣬շԲʮһƬɫ
˵ؽΪʿҲһЩɢޣ˿ԶԶĿâ̷׷׻ܿȴǰ
â˿̣ӰˣһһŮŮλòΪ£һ㣬һͷ˿ƮɢУԴŮ֮ɫ
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֮ǰŮʩչ֮ⷨͨʱ̲ܵĿռ䣬ʱúƹǦҺһ㣬޷˲ƶ
֮⣬ĵɱ֣һ£ɱ̳֣Ĺ
ĵɱָɷʦϵ֮ǵĿģΪɱ֣壡
ֲ֣ԸɴɶԷŲƶ
ǿʦͨһˣҰͨǣڣϣ㰲չ꣬Իųʦƽ֣˵
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⽣δɳɣվȻ㾧âɢһա
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ʦܣǴʦֲã޾԰գܷİԣĪҪˣʦ̾һһ˻һ⣬ֱӷɳâΧ֮ڡ
ͷĿһۣʦ֣飬ѾرӴ֮⣬κιϸ𣡡˵ţһԶȥ䷽ڡ
ĿŶԷӰʧнâһĨʱɽ֣һɨ֮£һɴСĽâ̺ХƿնѸ͵һն¡
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ֳĬ꣬һΣֱȥĳ֮ƣ̲һɾ޴հ£ֹԼա
ԽԽռһ㣬ֵͺһӲˣ죬ٴγɡ
ʱԶȥֻڰУһƬʯ֮ϣһɫӰ𣬵һɫĹĻȴʼڴϷ֣ŴԽԽߣɫĻҲ֮Ϊһ͹״
𣬵ͺһٴɣ˿̣ϷݻѾ൱һӤʿȫ֡
ɫһףӺһ㵯أٿֱ棬ֻھ漸ʮɵ˲䣬һת̻֮ϵվһʯ֮ϣɫգĬ
֮һĴʱɽɳǰһָɽ֮ڵʱᣬһָ֮ĳȥ
䵶һһֱʣХƿУٴγ֣һΣȴǱ֮ǰ󣬺Ʋѹһ㣬Ĳҽʱ
ӣаƲ⣡СҲһ㡣
Ŀһһ٣ɽɻأ䵶ɽܣƺΪʡ
Ҫڴ˵أӷŽڷҳԸ˵ؼȻұڴȡﵽӤڣʱƿ˴ֱȥڣһʯ֮£ֱ˵ʯ


489 
Ƹ̰εضʯӰ磬˸֮м۶ȥεĳԣҵ˴˵ʯֵı߽硣
߽磬ɫĻֵķΧⷶΧڣ޷
ϥһʯ֮ϣһĴʱ񣬻һâܷԶԶȥЩģԵüΪĿ
Ŀ棬˫ǰһ㣬ʱе̷ɳһ飬Զָ֮ǰ
ֵָ˲䣬̷֮ϳִƬƣɫҲɫѸٱңճžһһƬĩӰ£δأ㱻΢紵ɢܵĵϡ
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һ顢顢顢Ŀ顭һΪĩһ̣ʼûֹͣһֱ
ֵĶʼδ䣬ʳָϵڣڵںϣᡣ
ʱһȥѾȴʱĸרɣ
ģֵһɫĹ⻷ĸֶ⻷ɢ֮âݺᣬΪԵ
ɻﵽ֮Żڣʹ˺Ԯһ㣬ڶ֮һЩ˼ɡ
ֲδֹͣɣʼռ˿̣Ѿʣ޼һڶʱдɳܺɨХ
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һ֮£ܵ񣬶ʱ㿪ʼֱӼתۼⲻϵӿ
Уɢ޾Щ˿̺⣬ȫ۶
壬ֶʱĿһȫɡ
µʱ䣬һζǣӭһÿһεĶ֮£һգ٣
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һǰ󣬱㱻ȡ̳һɫڵӱɳӭӸ
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˵ǣɣʿ˲֪˲һµʱ䣬ڣֱ𿪱ٳ˴ľס֮أԹ߾ס
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ɫսɷͣ£һǿѹɷֻޣ޴ĿɷдͺдĿˮֻ¡
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ƫƫΪͨ죬޼⣬˿ƷУħӵΪѾʵ⣬ﵽ˴˵еһ
Сʲô·ս֮ϣӺԲһ֮ˣüͷһ壬ȵ
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ͬ飬ÿ춼ϷܸǵĴͨʿǵĵڣʱ֮
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֮أÿⷽԲ˿̶һĸ¥ռݣЩ¥µʱԷΪģǸ֮ΪϢ֮
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һգƣ̲棬һɹɻݵķ㣬ڣ繲а˴
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490 
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ܼΪȻ͵˫ۣƬģ֮УĹ°㣬ͻȻչֶ
һ̣Ȼɫ䣬Ʋɢ¶һƬ֮졣
̧˫֣һʱЩŨܵϢ̺ŭ˷һ㣬ҵӿշɢȥ
֮صܵʯ֣ﵽ⣬Ȼ֮ƣģ֮ԽԽգһĺУʯֱʯɢա
գۼ䣬Բʮ֮ڵʯ֣˿ֻʣһʯΨһһʯǳϥ֮
˫Ŀ˸֮âſ͵һʱɢʮ֮ЩŨܵϢĻسպ©һ㣬Ѹ˳֮롣
һĻ޾̺һ㣬һ˿ϢºⳤȻ̧ͷдһصĳХ
ХУһΣʯվ˲ߴ󣬵˿̣¹ĳ£ȴԵúƶһ㣬֮
ڡˣӿ֣
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һĻ֮ϵʱӣĻ֮£Ȼﵽ˼Ϊֲĳ̶ȣֵӣ΢һ١
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֮⣬һˣ֮Ϊ죬ˣǵɽ磬߳һսóɷѪӡ
ΪδﵽӮ䣬˿̿ȥȴѾﵽӤڣվڳһĵλ˿Ŀ⣬Ҳ֡
Ŀ⽻˲䣬¶һ˿Ȼƺϳֵݣ¶һ˿Ź֮Ц
ڲ˽⣬˿ŽӴȷ˵ɽ磬һΪ
ڿȥҲǻɣȻΪֻԼΪ̫࣬Կˡ
ڵӣһһȥһ룬ΪǳǿһЩߣֲ²֮£ҲǶԷ֮á
ڣȷǿ󡭡Щӣϵ֮⣬һϵԺɨȸǣȸзӡҲС
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ϵȫٺ󣬽ţϵ֮еѰӣЩУҲȫʸŵʴӱߣΪߣʸŵ
һϵѰӣ׷״֮ڷɳվڱӵΪΡ
һǿ֮һۿɼУʵǿѰӣҲǿڶࡣ
ڵӣԲ
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Ĭ˵ͷϵһ֮ڣ̫ࡣ
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Ѱ½ֺ󣬽ڸΧǴ˴κ֮ˣЩˣŵ֮ʱ𽦣ΪߵͣǺ֮ˣڴŵ
ģԽԽ˳֣Բڣȫʿ
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ʱ䲻֮һ߲֮âȻ֣һΣֱڵϿգţһµߣӰ֣̤߲֮磬һһ
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߿ƻʵҲϢ֮䣬֮ϣңʿ΢΢һЦƽ˵ϷӣƾΪվãԸգϷһЩڵһϷ֮ŷˣ֮£
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ܵʿУΪߴڣ˿̣ЩΪߣ˵ĿҲɵõͷ
һɫۣſһֻĿͬ磬ɨ֮£¶Į֮ɫ
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Ҳ⣬֮߳һģ赭д㣬ĽâջһѽɫɽץסС
Ϲ֣٣ϷܲӹһЦһ˦нɫɽ̷ӡ
ĴæûʲôɽƷ꣬㻹Щܣ֪ϲɫ𽣣Ҳâһ࣬Ӧ÷⣡
΢΢һЦӹɽһ˦֮£Ӹϵһеĵһˣ˵ӣ˽㣡
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ͫһٶȣֻ䵶ȫſ֮һȣ
˼䣬ȻһС֪ʱȻվϣֲͷȥСҲֿ


495 
СͨɫΩĿɢһ˿âſּ򣬴һۡĿУ¶һ˿֮â֣һ
ֿղ˵ﳤϿСʱ͸оЩ죬˿̽뿴ȥڴüĵĿһ
ĵĿںеǹһ㣬ȥ̲סʧڡ
ǺǺ˫Ŀһϳ˴ݡ
Ϳ˾֮Уйڴļ䣬ǿеһ֮֮ɻûΣҲ˿档õĿͨϡ
ʱδ̫Ĺ٣ȴǿ󣬳֮⣬ϲʯ֮£վ쳤ɽɳ
ڹͿ˾ļУǺܶ࣬ȡ׵ƷϿ˲󷨣٣ﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȡֻ¸̫ã󣬴ûҲΪࡣ
ڹǺõĳǴٶȣܹϲͬǺҲΪϲϵϢץԼӽ
һ𣬶Ǻ˵żĺôĳɳǺյӶʹԼӿ
ǰֻСĿǹ貣δﵽ֮ĻӦôڲꡣ
ŴһڴһĨ̶һƷʯߡ
ҲʯһֻۣǶ֣¶ɻ֮ɫһּʧ
°ͣȻǿеʯһֱԼĪųԼйϢɡ
ֵϣ˵ҲйϢȴΪ΢⻹뱾ŲһЩʱ䳤ˣȻͻʧ
ѭϢȴǼΪʧΪϢʵ̫ˣ˵֪ϢΪŵϢ˲䣬ȴһּΪĸоָоڣһζû
ʯһһΣгֵģһ
һ֣ϹһΣֿʱϵûӰ
дЦٴóһһΣȫעâһٶȣϿգûֱͣСһҧסһ֮ʧˡ
ʱȴﳤϵļϣҧ񣬸°͸°͵ĿĿʱɨֵ֣Ĵϣص˼ۡ
ﳤȻע⵽һĻ΢΢һЦͷʾ⡣
ϥ֮ϣʼ˽
֮˾žŹԪ֮ˣϷ޵񣬲˵һͨȴ֮ͨıԴһ˿޵޵֣ΪΣ֣ΪΣ
ᵤԪӤӤ䡢ʶ޵һȥ˵ϷΪɹ֮һϣ
ʱӡ޵ȫƾչΪӣȱٵģһЩĸ
ʶ֮ʵ⣬Щѣȫס޴⣬޵ĵڶ
ϷΪڶһ֮Ĺȣΰ֮һϵĹ֮һϣص㣬ڶ
ϧϷڣʼȴ޷򣬺ڤڤ֮һٸһеĸһ㣬У޶˵Ĵϡ
ӵ촫ܣ޵
ܽһƬ˵ﳤϣ˿ҲǳĬ¶֮ɫ
ǰ֪޵ĵΣܵʿУһˣʵ
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ϣһİֱ̺ۣӹᴩüĿб¾
ӿ˴һۣ˵ǵ֮һֵУأֻΪ֣һ޳ɣɴﵽһֲ˼ĸ߶ȣֻǣȥޣϷȴǲ֪
Ϸĵˣ֮˵Ȼһпɳɣ˻δֻлģһɨ
ٴΰĿ¶˼֮ɫϸƷζӵĻ
޵Ϊһδ꣬ĵ·ڸѣ࣬˵޵֮£ȴǲ١
Ӷ֪ĵ·ô䣬Ƿءֳ
ӵĿ⣬һɨ˿̧̣ͷĿ⽻
ƿֵģӺͰһЦ֣˵֣ʣ
Ӵһʱʿ̰Ŀϣϵĵӣ׷ײĿ֡
Ҫֳ֪ϣʦԵʣĪҫ
ɫ糣һȭ˵ʦ𣬵ȴв֮
Ű룬ͷЦ˵
й޵һʣЩʣұ֮˳˵ɡ桢޵˵ʦֻ޵ôأأ˵Īƾճֲɣ
΢΢һЦ¶֮ɫһ̣˵ﳤϣҲǴЦĿһۡ
Ѳڣ֮˵ԴԶţʱɽ磬ʿʥأԣһ棬ǺΣ棬һе֮⣬ɽ粻֮ʿ޸֮ľ޼ҿɹ飬¶Ư˿̣Ѿʧȥ壬ǣ棬ΪһʿĸӴˣһ˵棬Ҳ޼
ɡΪ˹ȥ׷Ѱˣǵֵ
˵΢һ١
ʿ֮УʱܿƵ
޵ߣ޾Ȼ˻޴ˣ˻֮ǰ˵ƺЩìܣ˿̣һʣڶʿУɵ
Щͨʿ˿ȴһ̬糣¶п֮ɫӵĻȴˣֻЩʱ򣬴˻ȴǲ˵ڣ򣬻һЩ¶ˡ
˵ﳤϣ˿üͷһ壬һӡ
΢΢һЦ˵޵֮ǵ·Ϊ֪Ѱһĵ·⣬޵֮һֽ֣ͣɽ󣿡
¶˼֮ҡͷ˵ӻɣǷеڣ
̾ټ¶һ˿׷֮ɫ˵ǰϷһһֱţ޵ǵڣֱҼ
ﳤȻ֪ǡ˭Ŵ˻ɫ̱ѿͬ¶׷֮ɫֻĿУȴǿ־塣
һʱʿ쳣ĳĬΨЩͨʿһ˫Ŀ¶֮â
ǰ˭
ѣɷѻ˵壿
ӣ˻
½ۣԽԽ࣬еìͷȫָӿеġ
ˣˣ˻ĪҪˣﳤɫѿ
ӿﳤһۣЦʵҺң֮꣬ã֮ʱˣˣѾ̤˵


496 ּ
Ŀһ֮ͬˣ׷׶ӣȴġ
ﳤϳĬ꣬̾˿˵ˣ϶ƢһŹ֣˵˵ɣ
ЦˣֻڴгԹһοͷûʲôˣҴΨһһ̤˵֮ˣϧȴ꼻һ֣Ѷ
˷ӽһֱֻĽУ󲿷ʿ˼ӿеġϡ
ӣȴǾڲ̸˷죬󣬽
һֱţЩ
ϷһٵĽ֮󣬱Ǹλһ컯ʩչһƷλѣ٣Ƕ٣΢΢һЦ˵
һ䣬֮ˣʱ񣬼ˣЩͨʿҲһЩֻ࣬˿̣ҲĿһϸ鿴
Ҫ֪̫ˣƷ֮٣
Ӵ٣֮Իôˣ뽻ѹ㷺֮⣬佲֮⣬ֻ⽲֮ʩչʿ֮
ĿתӣûκߣҲЩƷģ¶Ľˡ
Ѿǿ󲻳񣬵ǿ̶ֳȡ
ˣȫӣȴʩչƷ֮ʱȻԶߣ֮âһ㣬й
˵ʿЩͨߣͲһ󣬴˿ĿƽĿȥ
ߵĽâ޾޷ݣҲ˿Ϊ
â봫Х֮춯أ¡¡ķ
һĻִֻһΣǱɽ֮ʱеİŮѺٻ֮ɽ֮ʱɽ类֡
ɫ糣ңԶ
˿̣ɽӿĽһѰУǰֱ˵ء
Ϊʿ׷ÿ·谭ǰ
һͨȻȺɢ
϶ۣ֮ϷܲһȻ䣬֮صͬʱԶ۶ķɽѸٻζֿ¶һµϡ
ü԰޷Զ˵ݵȴһֺ𺳣ıİ˸ýӰ⽣ӰÿһΣ֮ббը졣
£һαɢһα֮ϣ¶ŨŨѪ֮ɫȻǱ򣬲֪Ժַ֮Ȼ
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򣡣ʿУ˾
ϣ۸ΪʵڵĴ޽򣬳֣
ݵϣ¶ŨŨ֮ɫɽ鲼գɢ˽
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һ䣬ʱЩɽһ֮ŨһУһѰѷɽ̻˿̣죬ضһ㣬ʹɫ䡣
ͬʱ֮Уһ˫˫񣬽֣һɢȻ䣬̤ɽĵӡ
Щӣȫ£ŹӽʣһĿ磬ӡ
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ɫ糣ЦˣʱܺãұΪʩչλѹĦһɺã
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޽ڵЩӣһ϶ʱ֮ɫʧȡ֮ģãǵ壬ܿƵУ߲֮ɳ֮أϵطȥ
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ǺЦһץʱɽٶһҵ뾪Ľ
һü֮ϣʱһɫââһ֮£Ȼüķɳգһ֮£Ȼһͷ޴ޣ޼Ϊ䣬̤أ˶ͷ­Ķӣһֱӳ
޳ֵ˲䣬Ԫеڣͬһ


497 
ڵ͸ᦣԪ֮лص˵δ壬ӵޣȴһ룬ȻһȻֱסӣ˶ͷ­͵һתһ˫Ŀ¶ĹȺڣϵɨӡ
ֻڵл˲䣬תᦣѴ˲лһкۼصĸɸɾ˿ޣѰ֮£ȴûв֡
üͷһ塣
˿̣޵ͻȻֹɽץסʹ֮ϵƷɢȫ
߲֮еĿն֮ڷйͬʱ֮ƲĦײУص
һ֮ӰȻ֮лصһ֮ӰվУɫɢһ˵֮Ӱȴһɢ
վڰգĿ˵޽ڵϣδڣȴһ֮ص֮䡣
Ϊɽʹ֮֮˽½֮ʿƱ˵飬֮Ӱ˵꣬һʱ޽ڵڵգʱһΣһɫĹâ̰ȫ
һĻʹǰףصʿΪ֮һЩͨʿи֮ɫ
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ʣڶʿȻ
ͬʱӵӰЩʿУ̱ޱ
ΪƷôܻһǱѰ棬һ⣡
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һ٣ɽһ֮£ӰշɻߣҲҪӣҪЩʲô
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ӿЦĪڴ˵أǴ޽ڵĵӣģʱ򣬻ҪϷˣǵȥЩʲô
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֪ӵݣȻᵱ˶ĵ棬ֶԸԼĵӣһӵ׶˿Ȼ˵죬Ǿһ졣
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˿̣ˣһɫƽûκβ֮ɫվһλŮӣǰһӹ˵Ȩ
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ʣµĶˣֻһЩӡǱǸոյõʹƷӣ
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ǻϵһеϴ˵ӣ˰˰ٶӣձȥȴûκ֮ģҲΪС
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ܵʿûʲôǽȴһ¶һ˿м֮ɫһ˵ӡߺߡ
ӡͨһգߵݣӽʦ֮
˵ͷüһʱһŻââ֮У˵Ŀ⣬Ϊ֮һɫĽᾧüĴɳ֮С
㲻İӵķű־չܴ꣬֮գұٴһ
ǿѹĵļ˵֪ԼȻǻϵӣһֱڣһεĸо
ʵףϵһУÿ˵ΪҸԾóΪ֣濴Ϊ
ԣһᣬӸûа취ȫȡʤҪģϵһУдʦ˵Ӵڡ
ӸʦѾ꣬ʦ֮ʱʦֱѾڣ²ʦ֣׸ʦá
ʦ˵ƽȽϹƧԸ˽Ӵȴӷţһ¡
һĬĬעӣĿ⣬˵ӵϣ϶ࡣ
ָоЩģ˴üóǻɫʯ˵ӵ˫ۣ΢ɲһƽ֮ɫʱһ˿־ڣֻ˲䣬ĿٴƽƸղŵһУδһ㡣
һֱעӣȻᷢϸڡ
ǿʱ䳤ˣ˵̧ͷɨһۣ¶һ˿΢Ц
΢ЦЩŹ֣Щһеĸо
ϵһӣӷ֮ʱ֣Σޱˣ׼ˣӵĿ⣬ֿ΢Цĵ˵ͷ


498 
ޱͷ˵Ȩ
ʦ㣬ΣŮĿһ֣ߣȨô˷ţҲδ̫Щһսڽգ
֮ǰ˵ǿ־Ŀ⣬Ĳɵһ٣¶һ˿ԥ
ӣȨӡ
Ȼһֱ飬⼸ֵһοüͷһ壬֣ΪȨ
ΣҲƽ֮ɫʧ¶һ˿Ź֮â֣Ĭ
У˵֮ǰǿ־Ŀ⣬ʼղɢ˿ӵĻĬ꣬˵Ϊ㣬޷ʦᡭ
֣ӴֵĻĿһۣΪʦϣһΣҵĵӣҪų֮ҲĪҪ˹ƻ޶ڶֻǵãһУĶУҸʱ䣬ϸȻȨҲȰüͷ˵֮Ŀһɨ˻ϵϴ˵ϣһ˿һ
˵ӲʦĿ⣬ʱһæͷ
֮ϵӶУһĿͶϣǵĿУģǲ죬ӡ
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Щߵǵ㣬ڴŮʳָջУȻȫָ۶ȥգۼ䣬Ů֣㱻ӳһƬŨŨɫ֮С
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˵ţǰһģʱлƵϹ⣬Ȼһ룬һХ֮Ѹټۡ
ĿһȻˣͬʱʳָ̧һʱ滯УȻ䣬ֵָ֮ϣһɫĻǣ֡
ǳֵ˲䣬һħʱХܡ
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ɫǵ㣬׵뵽Ϲ֮Уһž죬ʱڷɢͬʱһı仯ڣϵݱ
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499 ϵ
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£ԼޱˣһһվӱȭӳΣݼʦ𣡡
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һ֮ɫ˵ԭᵢ飬·īʱһӼ֮ϲҪʦϣӡ
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ڵ˲䣬ǱâľתУȻٽǰɣϢĴֵϣȴɫûа㾪š
תзǰһ֮ʱȻ䣬â̾ҵ˸գȻǰʧӰƴûгֹһ㡣
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͸أʱϵĵӣ׷Ϊ֮𾪣˱Ǽδ޵Ĳ֣֮Щϵģ̱һ߶ȣ
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ӵͷĿһɨʿϣһȭº͵˵λϷ֮٣ʱգᣬλѣҪ£ڶϢգǱ˴ֵ໥ӡ֤
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ˣЩ飬˵δﵽɽܵĵزڹ֮ʱĵص㣬ڶࡣ
ʱһһȥԽǽӽɽԽǱˣĹΣҲԽԽھɽٲ֮ʱһ٣Ųͣ£ûٴǰС
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ͬʱǺ˳ֵĿڱ֮ת£⺮ʧ
̧ͷڰٲ֮ɽһѩڸǵıɢ߲֮âɷ
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˫̤ϵ˲䣬һû˿ĸо̴˫֮ϴ˫һһҽſỺǰһ̤
һ죬ֵҽţµһߣزȽ˱֮ڣվ˽Ų
ʱһĺӵڷĳ⺮֮һ·ĺ磬ҪŨֱ˳ҽţĳڣ˳žֱӳظ
⺮תȫ˲䣬ֵԪ֮УȻ䣬һʶʶںɨЩĺʶ֮󣬾Ȼƽĺˣ˳ҽţ»˱ɽ֮ڡ
⺮Ȳ֮䣬Ȼ޷֮ģοԺ֮񣬶֮壬Ц̧ͷ¶һ˿Цǰһ̤ٴ߳һ
ǵ䣬һ̣ƳΪѩɽ֮ϣĴڣ紵ϮУҲǰͣѩƮɢУҲͷɢ
ֵĽŲһһ̤֮ڣֱ֮ɽȥ


502 ⾳
һ̵Ϊǹ˴˵صĺ䣬ѹ˴˵صʮ겻ѩ˿̣һеԭ֮
֮ڣһɲ־ȫ֮ˡ
ĺһ֮޷ҰϢ
ֵĿ⣬䣬ɢϢ˴˿̿Ѿǳ֮һ£δڻԶź
ɽ֮ϣӣĬĬŲԶһһ̤ǰ֣˫Ŀڣ˸Ĺʣ֣Ĭ֮С
ԭӵ뷨֣Ҳ֮أ̤ʮ޷ǰУ̤ʮӤڵļޣһ㣬ڽͨ
ڣֵĽŲѾ̤˶ʮһѾﵽӤڵľͷֻʶʿſԱ֤̤˶ʮһԪŲᱻı
ӵĶ˿Ҳɵӿһ˿𾪡
֮ӾȻģɡ桢޵ӿѾЩ֮һֵ˼ĺ亮ȴ޷ģ̤֮ʮһ֣ΪʦЩСˣ֪ܷ꣬ﵽء
ֵĽŲ̤ڶʮһͣˡ
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⻭֮ϣ¶ɽˮ֮ɫֻȴûκ߲ɫеģֻǺס
̧Ųǰ̤˵ڶʮ
һ֮£һɽ΢΢һΣֽµı㣬ʱѷ϶ɼһţȵжʵ
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͵̧ͷңɽĬã̧Ųٴǰһ̤
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Ĳȫ磬֮ȫ⾳ںϣγһ֮ȫ̤ˣ岽
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һ̤岽ÿ֮ʱк¡¡֮ص岽֮ܵı㣬ƣȴĲûбתۼ䣬ָ
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ͷ֮ϵֻػᣬȻһȻ֮ȫȫ뵽ֵ֮ڣԪڡ
һ˲䣬ڣȻ䱬һɾ˵Ϣһͷ޷Զܵѩת߲ϵת
⾳
˻֮ʱ򣬾кڵ׷ӵʵʵı֣һֻ̣Ϊ㹻㣬ѷḶ́ףɾ̥õ壬Ԫ峹ںϣɴﵽӤ䣡
⾳ӤʿĸУ᳹׵ıʵʵĴڣֻʵʣһȣ˲䳹ɡ
ֵֻ֮ǼΪټĸֵ֮ʵʣ̤Ӥֶ⾳ʵʣֻգȴʼղҪ졣
һֱȥôʶȴǻã
գ֮أ֮⾳ǰʮΪһ̤岽
岽ǵ֮һֲͷƣ̤ѣ̤ҪԽǰˣ
ɵϢֵ⾳ʵʻһϣҪһһ˵ûʹ⾳̫࣬ûʹΪߣȴΪʶչһؼĵ·
⾳壡֮ϣӰ֮ڣʶ
ʮֳ߲Ĭܸܵʮ߲Ǽˣ
ʵϣ֮ǰĶʮ岽ʱĵ⾳ﵽֽ׶εļޣ⾳ƾ⾳ڵһ˿̤һڵĶʮ߲
ڶʮ˲֪Լ޷һȫΪȫԪ񣬶ɢ
ʱȻɽ֮ϣ߲֮ʱŨҫγߵ⻷˲ɽ塣еĺգۼ䣬ʧһɶ
ǰı㣬߲ϼ⣬һ߲ʳ磬ӵ֮£ǰ
ңӵɽ֮ϣ촫ϡ
ɫƽһϢ̧Ų̤߲֮ϡ
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֮飬ʿ֮Ϸһ׷󣬱ˣһ춨Ϊһ֣֮һ֣
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һŷˣǣΪͽ˵΢һ٣֡
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˵꣬ɫһ࣬һ̵һɨ֮ǰ֮ò¶һĪϣ֣ȵ
֣ݣ
ֶ˵̹ڵϣ̧ͷӡ
հ֣ȵգϷӣھɫ֮£մΪϵߵӣ֣ԸΪϷӣӴ֮Ź棬֮£רУɾʹӡ֤㣬شң
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һգϸĿһۣĵ˵ͷ֮ϵľ޴ѷһץʱȻһ
ѷ֮Уһ޴߲ʼ̳½
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˿һ֮£һľƣʱһâХС
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һ꣬ͽϵӣ֣꣬ľһ˦ľƶʱԶȼףڰһϺ磬ɻؼ̳֮ϡ
ڣϷͨ㣬ѧ֣


503 һ
ӵʻֶУһ˿
֮Ǵ֮ģ¶ͨǿҲмĲ졣
˵еĽͨǴƷģ¶ôȻ֮Ʒģ¶ķҪǿãڱ֮һƷҲ֮ࡣ
ߣ˴Ʒ֮ģ¶ͨ±֮ƷҲҪ˿߳Ҳǲܡ
֮ͨǿȡƷף
Ľֲȱ˾ͽϵʽɱУս񳵿һӡЩȫĹ֮
⣬ɽ䵶䵶䲻֮£ԳΪּҪһ
ӱͨ˽ŲƣҲȱ˵ʩչҪһЩʱ䣬һóȷǲ
ڵ⣬ڣֵٶȣȻ˺
ֻЩֵĶԱȷʶʿһΪʶʵ⣬⣬ﵽǿǾԶԶֿ
ûдֵĳ˼ƽ֮Уû˿ͷ֮
ֵĵһѡҪӣ׻ѡͨ
̧֮ͷӣʦ𣬵Ҫѡ֮
棿ӿһۣЦҪ棿
ƽ˵һһֱ֤
΢΢һЦҡͷͨΪʦûУ
ֳĬû˵
ӳ꣬˵ˣѡ֣ȫƾ㣬ȴΪʦ³ˣ֮ˣʶǻԵڣΪʦΪǧٵͨ㣬Լѡȥɣ
˵ţȻ̧Բ˼ٶȣָ˸߲֮â֡
ֻоһָ֮£ǰƴһ߲֮ţӲģŷȥ
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չǰģһƬ߲磬ޱ޼ʣȴǧٸһһӣϥս
ǰǧٸӣɢĸ䣬ŸԵ֮ͨ
ÿһͨͬ
վԭأĿܸӡ
һۣͿ˲Զһӣվ˫仯Ī⣬һĽ֮˫֮ϣĺХ
γһ޴Улתһתת׾ٵģﵽ˾ת
һ˲䣬һ𾪵֮촫ǿ
תɾֿһۣջĿ⣬һ
ֻ⣬һӣϥ˫Ŀδϣ˸Ĺ⣬ϣһ˿˿ϵӶ֮ϡ
źԽԽ࣬ͷγһƬƣȻ䣬ƷķһӴֱӰӵӰڴ֮ţǴƬ˲һԶȥתۼ䣬ʧǰ
ħ壡Ŀһ
ʱһȥֲδżǧٵͨһһȥ
Զһ۵ӣ˫Ŀ¶֮â̧֣߲֮ʱ˸ͫڣ˿ɫһʱ߲֮еϹ⣬̺Хֱӹ֮С
־ĿǰһĻ
Ѿ֪˶ãǧٵͨѾһ룬е֮ͨУΩ˿ǰ֮ͨΪ𾪡
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Ⲣص㣬صͨȡ߲֮ɫҪ֪ϲ߲ʣ߲֮ɫΪͨԷͬСɣ
ֿãĿһת뿪ûȥڶۣ
Ƭ߲һ֮˵һƬ飬Ψģһ۵ӣϥ
ϣûκĲĿɡ
־·ɨһۣһԾڸոԾ˲䣬Ȼ͵ͣӣͷϸĴϥӡ
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Խǿȥ֮âԽǰӣò˵֮ǰһһֵĹ۲֮һ۾Ϳǰˣƺ΢һЩ
һЩӡĿ˸ϥԭأĿתǻӡ
һգǰӣһδȫֹһ㡣
ʱ仺ţһֱʼգȴûпƶ㡣
Ź֣¶һ˿Ȼ̧һһӰ˲䣬һӰƣΣһɫӡһ֮£˽ӡ̿磬ֱʼվӡ
ڴ˵ֵһΣչ
ӡХȥκ谭ģ㴩͸ӵӣǻӣûκαʣȻŽӡһͬʧˡ
һʶһɨϸĲ鿴ܣȴҲûзǻӵټ
֣üͷһ壬꣬ʶɢӻ磬Ƭ߲ڣѰ
ʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ãһգڷм䣬Ȼɫһ˵һתѸٷȥʱ䲻ֹסӣֻǰ⣬ϥһӡ
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䵶֮٣޷תۼ䣬ǻؿһȴûжκ˺ƴ˵Ĵڣֻǻһ㡣
ĽâҲˣֱӴںɨԶޡ
ʱǻȫͻȻɢһɱɱΪŨһ㡣
գۼ䣬ɱܣ˷ɢȥ
ԶԶأɡӣ׷𹦷Ŀ¶֮âһ̣߲֮Уǧٸӣһ˲䣬ȫӦ쳣
еӣûκԥѸ˵طתۼ䣬˻֮ڡ
⣡һȣڣӿУͬʱ
һ޷֮Ȼ䣬ٴ˴أһεĴĵĻӣѸٵķӡȥ
ǻӣ¶һ˿Ц̧ͷֻһ֣
һ֮£ɫ䣬Ƿӡδʱһ޷ɱѸ٣ɨ
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˿̣֮ڣֻʣ²ļ֮ӰڣЩˣȫ֮ǰǿͨߡ
ɱϮ£ȫ亹ڳɱ֮Ҫǿͬөһ㣬޷Ƚϡ
֮ǰʼΪ֮ɱѾǿ˿̣ȴͻȻ֣֪εʱڵĻӣɱԼһˣ
ⲢΪ֮𾪵ģоģǸղŴ˵ӵ֮Ӱٽʱʶһɨļڵӣúãǧٸ
ֵĿ⣬͵ؿһĻӣǵǧһ
һ


504 ɱ¾
ʱȻǻӣȻ˫ۣ
һ˫ۡ
һ˫ɫ۾һۣû˵ĿУȴԪȻһߺƴһ
ң
Ԫ㱣֮󣬴ָѣ̧ͷȥʱǻӣȴʧȥټ
죡ɫĬ꣬˵ʶȻɢٴѰ˿̵˼鿴֮ӰĽͨרĵѰĻɫӰ
ʱȥֵȫѰ֮£ǻΣ
ÿһΣûκЧǻһʧӰƾѰң޷ҵ
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׼ȷ˵ΣҵӣǴˣҵ֡
һգȻѰң׼ѧϰ߲֮ͨͨΪ֮
վʩչ߲ʽߣ̾һҪ֮ʱȻһ纮һ㴵
㣬˵ĵӣ
һ٣ת
ʮ⣬ǻӣһ㣡
ͬʱ߲ͨӣȻ𹦷̧ͷ֮ˣȴڻ֮һ֮£ѸٺˣƼΪɵһ㣬תۼ䣬ԶԶʧˡ
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Ŀ⺱ıһžâһͷ˵ң
ֶ˵̧֮ϵֻػᣬ˲У͵һֱӴ򿪣һ̵ͺִֻһ㣬Ŀ䣬ӣ£ֻأ
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˫ĿȻ䣬¶һâһ̣͸˾룬ֱС
ѸٳȥĲ˿̣Ϣ䣬ǰ
ֻ⾳ӳĬһֵۣˣĿģΪϷɱ¾ɾҪǷԵɱ¾ɾǴһ֪Ʒģ¶ɾ⾳Ҳƥ䣡ѧɱ¾ɾȴҪӦһ飡
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ĿһһڣʱȻһһһӣĺХ֮ص䣬ֱֶ̳ȥ
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ǻֻ˲䣬һֱǧ֮⣬һ֮ϡ
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ͬʱ֮Уâɻң˻ǰȻ䣬γһɫĸӡƮڰա
ӡɱ¾ɾɱ¾֮֮ǻܣӶ֮ӡӡԽ֮࣬ԽǿϷȫӡػǱҲɰȻɾ㲻Ըѧӣƽ˵
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֣˲䣬߲ܵʱ䣬Ȼһ䣬ƶתһ㣬ǰһٴλָʱȴɽ嶥Ǳ֮¡
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û˵üͷ΢΢
ӿһۣЦĪҪ룬ǻ֮ˣΪʦ֮ʱĵڶԪֻΪʦʵֻ֮ʱȴһЩ飬òֻɱ¾ɾ÷Ҫ֮
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һץһâ̴֮лûγһöɫĽָϸĿָһۣӸ֣˵˽䣬Ϊʦ߲֮âУâΪ˱ɵֿʶʿȫһΣҪмǣһŹ棬ΪʦջһΣΣ˱κ
Ǳɱϵ϶Ϊ˱һΣһŹ棬ĻȡԪ񣡲ȳ֣ķϣ£Ϊʦ㲻׷֣ҪмǣûеڶΣ
ֽӹ˽䣬ûдϣǷ봢ڣ˵лʦ𣡡
ӵͷһ˦˵ڣѸ㣬ذɣ˵ţת
˺󼸲͵̧ͷ˵ʦ𣬵Ҫɽ
ûлͷ
˵ɽֻʹһ;ƣȥԷѰһʹȥɡº֮գ֮ɽ֮ǣĪҪˣ
˵ţӵӰ̤뱦֮ڣʧӰһöɫƣȻӱڴСͬʱһ֮ӱ֮Ȼɢƶ֮£ֵӣ˳ƶߣֱӷɳɽ֮ϡ
֮⣬ڰգͷһһ׶ɽ壬Ŀ¶֮âתѸ뿪
Էڳ֮ϣ
뿪֮ûаֱͣڡ
ɽ壬һȦȦɫ⻷ϵɢһУֳΪһƬѪһ㡣
ֵӰֱƿ֮⣬Ҫ̤֮ʱһȣڴ
ˣֹ
ûжֱӰӵİɫǰһ˦Ӱֱ֮ӳڡ
֮ˣȻǿƣһȴûƾֱӳڡ
ֽһΣһµӣӰûɨһʧķ򣬿ϵߣ
ִ֮ӳ뿪Ŀң
弶


505 Ԩ
ǣ֮߼
˵߼УǣǶĴڣΪǣһˣӣ
Ӵˣһ𣬼ڣҲһϯ֮λˣԸǡ
߼ǣӵڶΪڣԴǿԼһ㣬ϣȴǲû̫ӡ
ǣֻŸǻƣŸǣǣ졢ءˡΪ
Ÿ֮䣬дʹ໥ӣֻڷϣʯϴ󣬲Ѱʿ׿ʹá
ܣŸ֮⣬ڶСǣϾһЩϹֵĶ֮ӵĴҲǳգ׿
Ǽ֮һ޴Ĵ󣡴ƿأڴ˵פ
ģפ֮еһգֵ֮գģϥ֮⡣
ӣ߰꣬ΪǴﵽ˻ڣģЩ㣬Ҫ֪ǣΪڵĵӣţȥκεطܵ˾η
ϥУ˫ۣ³һ
£ˣʱصɣҪչ꣬ȡմﵽڣһ˺ڣұȥʱŪЩ˵ĴӤ֮أ
뵽һ˿㽡
ϧĻԵ缸ʦǰ㣬ֱӱʼΪӣһУ⣬С룬ԳΪһʶǿߣʱ򿪱ٳһǸԼȫռݣ֮¡
ĿɬһЦҪɡ
ʱȻԶߣգһϺ磬һ㣬Хƿ֮¡¡صתۼ䣬Ǳٽǧ֮⡣
ıһ࣬δۿȥ
ʹô֮ÿ춼һЩһЩ֮⣬˵ȣǱΪߣҲϾڵĵӣ
˿̣ڳ̧ͷ֮ʱǰ㱼֮ˣٶȽʹģڿ˴ò
һͷ򵥵Ժ£̤գۼ䣬ǰʮ֮⣬һ٣Ŀġ
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Ƶ˲䣬Ȼһûκԥٶȣվӣ˵ģμϵʦ棡
Ĵ˿̬Ϊȴǰʼ٣ûʸ룬ȴӲͬſУ˲ٴš
ЩУģʼӣյһӣϵߣ֣
֣һɣϵֵ췭ظոǲ̵ɱʦ֣ʼ֮ʱӵš
ӤڵΪսӤڵϵģʤ
ⲢǴŵص㣬صǣڴʤ֮ʱӵʶΪϵȻһսʹչ
սܣˣȴڵУ̴Ϊͬ
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˿ɫԭǰˣֻ֮ţ˵ΪҪĿ⿴ǰƯ֮ڣ¶һ˿׷䡣
ɽǽʼվû뵽ǣǽȻһǽⶫ֮ڣ档
һΣҪ5000һεĳϫ֮࣬⽣곹붫ʹԶ
⽣ɽŮ֮˵ͬСɣϷȻ޷ʹ;ڱУһ¶֮ɫ
˼䣬Ȼɫһ̧ͷԶޣ¶һ˿졣
ǿ֮УȻһƬɭ֮Щīɫ۶Уһ޴ͷЩͷ飬ǧ
һЩͷϣѪڡ
ЩУһӼȻĳϹ֮ͷ­ľ޴ɭǣɭɭ׹棬һӡ
ȫһƬУòܣһõӰ˸޾һƬ֮֡
һ·ֱֱ֮գ˰ڣ˸̤Ľ֮
ѣȫ֮Уϥھͷ֮ϵӣɳƵĴЦ
΢΢һЦ˵̰ǣ
̰ǣȻȸϣҪϹʿָΪ׷Ѱһ˿٣Ҫҵ֮ˡ
ˣǵ˾ͽӵ֮һ
Ϊ˶˾ͽϣȸ뿪Ͷѽ
ƣΪأΪȻһ۾Ϳ̰ʼδ
һѾ֮ǰȥ޽Ѱ㣬֪żæҪһĻԵҶ˰˻ᣬҪѹ϶һͷ緭ƣ̰Ŀ˸һ˿â˵


517 ̰ǵ˼
Ŀһ˵֪ǺλԵ̰⣡
̰ǳ꣬һҧ̧ͷ˵˵ǰ˴ӷһͨ棬ѰһƷһöӣһƷΪƷԳδйĴֱʣҵڵƷԲʮף
Ŀһɫ˵ˣйˣ
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ⶫ֮ڣʮƽֱɴҰŵұһѣ򣬴˵
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죬Ǵ˵ʢĻ֮գ5000һΣ֮ʱ
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ˣȻҲûȥϸУֻɨһ£֪УŮаˣ
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ʶӣ˵
ҲʶȴϣϤĸоĳ֮ɡڰ̰ǣĿһ˿â̱صļ
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ǲ֪ԵǶӦԼǶӦӡ
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ܵʿУһЩˣֹһεĿ5000һεĳϫÿο𶯵ĸоȴǴδͣԽԽҡ
пϫ֮ʿľȷһ飬ⶫڲ֪ǰһһΪ֮أ
Ļܻ𺳵ĳϫ֮࣬һУͺһţʼ֮ͷ


518 ϫ
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¡¡죬Ȼǿ֮УޱȣʿУһ޾Ļص
ĿһϸĿ޵Ư֮
˵أǵһοһУ˵ǼΪİڶ֮صһ˽⣬֮ͨԼһ·ɽ档
ϫֻ֮࣬ţȴûκλ档
5000һεĳϫҪϸк֮һ˿â
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Ϊ̶ƹǺһ㣬ֵ˲䣬ȻеƯ֮ȫһĳ֮ڲŪһ㣬ת
ת춯أһתǿնתһ㣬ܵʿУһЩΪߣǰƮȥ֮ץסȻãȻвһеǰȥ֮С
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̣ķм۶ȥһĻͺƴ˷һ֮ƶʹЩƯ֮ȫмһ㡣
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ǿգȻһееƯ֮ȫһγһȪ۰֮
ȪۣǾֹǲϵش˷½۶ģ߶ԽԽߣСԽԽգﵽǧߡ
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ǿĿ¶֮ɫü֮ϣһ˸Уģ˳̸ȫ
һǹѹﵽܳܵļޡ
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ʱͻȻ֮䣬һĻʿĻ棬ʹչ
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˿̣һǶȿȥĿǶ֮һĶ֮Ŵɫǡ
ɢȡ֮ģ޾ĺâֺ죬Ѫ죬һֺƽ޺졣
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ΪңԶ֮Ҳ׷ױɫǡ
Ƕ֮ڣÿ5000ɢһεĳâ׸˶پ룬Ȼ޷ļ㡣
âһͻȻֹͣӣƴﵽ˼һ㣬ֻǣֹͣ˲䣬бâ֮أһ˲䣬˾춯ص䣡
ǿУУУһеһУзʯʬŽбɾϹޱȵʣ۲дֻҪǳâڷΧ֮ڣһе֮˿̣Ȼ䣬


519 
ֲʱ䲻Ӱ죬ȴǳһеһ̣Ǳâڵһ֮ȫȻ
һ̣бâɨǣȫʿ֪ճɫ֮ԭ󲿷֣ÿ5000һεճɫȫͬĲ²⡣
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âⲢǳϫĽֻǸոտʼˡ
ǳâ֮ͣ󣬺Ȼ֮ٴξҵ˸һΣûӣɢٶȣĻ
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һ̣â͸˿ռ䣬͸ǿգ͸һеǣڳâǰûκδڵľһ㣬ֻʱ䣬֮⣬еʿ׷׿ԶߣԶܣһźڰĺɫˡ
ˣԲΣŶ֮ϯ
˫Ŀͫ͵һ¶ŨŨ𾪣ϫһĻȻּΪʵ֮У£˷һϯĺ֮ĺһ
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һ̣ǰһУǻþһ㣡
־ۿһֻͷǡȫɢɫ׵磬Ϊʶʿľ޴ޣӴӺХָ޷ϵٶ£ֱӴڴ͸
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ͬʱӡǺڻһ㣬һ£˳˫ĿܣγһϸܵĻơ
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ֵĿ⣬â֮У޾죬ǰȫǺɫһһ֮ϵĿ֣ʹһķʽڡ
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Ŀ⡭֪Ϊעˡ


520 
ĿһŶƯ֮һ㣬ʱ䱳ĵ֮Ӱ̺Хĵĳ磬ֱӴ͸ȥ
춯ص죬ڶ֮ϿգǴƬƯ֮м䣬ĵӰĵתУȻ䣬ĵ㣬ӲĴƯ֮ϣ˺ѿһڣ
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˵ӣصǺ̲ɫɽ嶥߲ʱ֮ڣϥԣżöڵ޹ǣ
⼸޹ǣΪһ˿а֮Ϣ
֣ȷһ֮ˡǲ֪Ļˣж١ɫ糣һץߵ޹̷𣬱һ֮£ɢڵء
Ŀһϸȥģǣ¶һ˿΢Ц
֮ڣһƬ磬˵Գһ磡
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գе棬к󣬵ȴκǡ
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ⶫ֮ţ֮ǰȥκһضһһ磬Ʋر֮Ŀ˸ʶɢһ֮£ϰգƮС
ɵĽߣҲǿɢ˴˸Բͬȥⶫ֮Сɽ˵֮Уʱ500꣬Ҳ˵Ҫ500ʱ䡭ɫ糣һ߷Уһ¶˼֮ɫ
500ʱڷ˵ɶ޵ȴǵָһӼ䣬500꣬Ҫܶ࡭
ɱ¾ɾҪﵽɣһɭȸҲԲ²һ⣡һұ500ʱ׼Ŀһ¶һ˿΢Ц
֮ǰɽ˵֮ڣһ룬ʱ500ԴǺһȻ¶˾ģУҪⶫ֮ڡ
Ҫ֪Ϊɵߣǹ֮صɭһȻһѰֵ֣ΪҪսʤˣʵ̫ѣ
Ҳַѧϰɱ¾ɾ֮ӡԭ֪ԼսʤɭԣҪѧһ֮
ɱ¾ɾ֮֮ӡһлᣬɭеֿһ
500ʱ䣬֪ҵΪܴﵽ̶ֳȡ¶֮âԳ˼
ǰ飬Ҳҽ˵صԭ֮һԱǰ⾳ҵǽӡ֮ӦòѣǰǰȳǰΪɽʹڶʱڣӵмǿĹ
⣬֮ǰڶ֮⣬ҿǰѴ󽣡˽뵱ľ޸һһ˼֮ɫŨ
޸ڲн֮Ǿ޸ôһҵ˽ѧý֮ɽֹ


521 ɽ
һУտǿȣȴЩ磬ƣǺȻʹΪ֮ɫ䡭ϵ̫֮࣬ȴҿƾղµ̾Ĭ
ˣЩ飬ֻһһȴ˿вã±𱻲֮ڣײᱻ˷֣ҹͿ˾ȸĹҲֻң֪Ϥ֣֮ý500ʱ䣬ʹ価Ϊպ֮Уȫ׼
˼һ·ϵ˼֪УȻɳ⣬˿ʶɨ֮£Ȼκ֮ƬأǴƽԭ
ƽԭ̫֮ûκϢʶΧڣԼ֮⣬κ
ɫ糣С
ʱȥʮպм䣬ȻɫһĿ磬͵ؿԶһ֮£̽Ųǰһ̤ˣǣԱ֮ǰٶȣȻ䣬˲ƶ
ƽԭ֮⣬һƬŨܵɽڴܲһƬɫ
˿̣֮ڣſһˣȫλöǳ㣬һЩľ֭ҺͿĨϣʾһ㵭ɫ
ſһΪ΢ޡ֮󣬴˼׵ʧӰһ㣬Ѱ֮ˣ޷֡
ʱ䲻ȻԶڣ֮ţһͷţС̵Ұޣ
Ұ޵ӣҰ࣬ϣȴһȻͱŰ֮ޣ˵ˣڣȴûκ
ҰУڴһԾֻǣ˲䣬һֱſڵһ֮ˣͻȻһԾȥиǲ֪ʱץһѺɫĳˣⳤ˶ˣһɢĹ⵶
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Ǽ˴мѣȫͿĨɫҺ֮ˣһŤ֮£ֱץס˳ϵ⵶ԥɽҰϣץסҰë⵶ݺݵһ̣ȻֱӴҰ޵ľ
Ұ޳ʹΪű֮˶ʱֱײ
ֵӰ˰գĿ¶֮â·һһޣ
һһޣʮڣΨһ
ֻҰ޴˿˫Ŀͨ죬ĺУ䱳֮ˣȴʼĿƽֺݺݵץסëӽޱϣЭһֻ֣̩ɽһ㣬⵶ĴҰ޾
֮Ұ˿ڴµѪѾǺɫ͸Ĺ⣬գҰͨһ˵ϣһ
Ұ֮ϵˣ˿Ҳ˿γ⵶ʱȻɫһ䣬͵ת̧ͷգ¶Ի֮ɫ
üͷһ壬ˡΪȣ˵ûȴž˵ԣȻԼˡ
һӽУĿ䣬ңˡ
ȫͿĨɫҺ֮ˣͻȻڰгֵ֣ʱһ¶֮â̱һԾվҰ޵ʬ֮ϣס⵶֣һɳƵɿ˵ޣҵģ
ĿһȻһЦ˵Ҳ
֣֮󣬵˵ͷĶӣΪץס޵ëŴȥһţһ߶֣¶Ľ䱸
һֱԶԶ뿪˴֣ʼδΪȤ
ȫͿĨɫҺ֮ˣҰ߳Զֲδ˿ץҰëߡ
һ·תתȥһֱ̫Ҫɽ֮ʱһڵɽȴҰޣڡ
˵ɽȣӰһ̣һĲƻֻⲨƼ˲伴ԲǺױ֡
ڴ˵Ӱɽȵ˲䣬һΣĴ̤ĿϸĿ˿ܣ¶֮â
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Ŀ棬δڽɽȣΧϸĲ鿴һյõۡ
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Ŀһ˺󼸲Ӷʱʧԭء
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ˣǰ㣬ϱɫҺ帲ǣ⼣߰ߵ߳ɽȵ˲䣬¶֮ɫĿܡ
֮¶һ˿ã˴˿˿ת߻ɽȡ
Ӱʧڹڵ˲䣬Ӱһֻ̣ǣһǱɽȵ󷨣󷨱ٴתһ˸
һǿҵΣУʱܣüͷһ壬Ӱ˺һˣ֮ϵ⣬㻺ɢ
ȤĿһ䡣
󷨵ãȻ𵽱ɽڵһУɽ֮˽룬һǿд룬󷨾ͻչȫһдߣȫɱ
󷨣Ϊо֮£ʱڣƽ⣬Ŀһϥɽ֮⣬ƽŴһﲻ
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ˣ֮ǰˣһˣһɷźɫĳˣͬĹ˸
߳˲䣬˵г˺ݺݵǰһףֱӴ֣ͬʱ¶һ˿ѪЦݣ̤֮£Ҫǰ
ˣҲǿдֳ⼣߰ߵֳ
Ŀƽһɨĳˣʱ
һѪЦ֮ˣʱһŰձĳˣſ죬˵ˣҲǽŲһ١
ҲǷϻֱһץ˶ʱǵӣ̱һ֮סֱӱץһԣֽһ
Щû֮ˣֵݣԸ˵̫죬һɽȣϹ󷨴ڣΪ֪һеԭΨдɽ֮Ѱ
˳ְ˽ɫ糣
ʱ䲻ɽ֮ڱţâ˸һΣɽ߳ˣ


522 ڳ
ϲδͿĨɫҺ壬ȴһ˿ϢɢǼһ߳ɽȣҧ⣬һѪ
Ѫ֣ɽĵϡ
Щ̵ͷɽȥĿƽһץʱ˽˳һԡ
ٿǱѪĵ棬˿ֻȻһѪɫʼʱлŨϢ󣬾ȻƷڵѪһ㣬ϵɢӲǰɽȫǡ
ʼնϥĿƽĿɽȣûʩչκηͨ
ѪﵽΪŨ֮ʱȻ䣬ɽڴһҵУһɫӰɽ߳˵ӰѪڣʱֹ֮С
ҵͻأ㣬ҵ䣡
һѪںӰĴ
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ʿڴ˵Ѿգ֮ǰҵ³çҪ⣬ϷŷǴɽȵĳϣ磬ҵ˷Żأϸ̸һ̸ɺãǲԷߣȻΪ߳ɽȺ˵

Ϸм俪ʼһֱΪֹѾ֪ȥ˶¡ŷɽ֮⣬ǰһŹƵӣϻЩ
ϥڴ˶棬ɫ糣
ˣѾſصɽڡ
жҲ֪Ϸ֪ǧ⣬һ޴ĳǳأǹǣϷ֮ʱ￪ɣӶƾõԪʿҲ֪ΪΣСԴ֮ŷƽ˵
֪ԺδĿƽ˵
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ɫ糣˵֮⣬ɻߵϢ
ʱûУϣԺҲûУߣû֮һи˵ģҶѾ˵꣬뿪ɣȥǹǣȻ֡ŷϵ˵
ἰ֮ʲôƽ˵
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ֻ˲䣬ȴ˫ĿΪ֮һ¶һ˿Ц̧֣һ£֮ì
һץһɫһ֮裬էһȥأȫɫǡ
ǴڣХ֮һĻͺԾĵħҪһ㣬ܺʱ̶ĺХѸ֮Ѹ۶
գһɳֱ̣۴ϸĺɫë֮У֣
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523 
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Ӱ˫Ŀ֮˿Ȼһ˿֮⣬̧֣ȻڳʿӣͬʱӰڲţƷһ㡣
ʱܴ֮ϣеĻľ֮дɫ⣬˲両ֶգۼ䣬Ŀ֮һƬâ
һУڼʱڷڿӰȻʿĶʱ˫Ŀʱһɢ׳ĳì˺һˣʮ⡣
ֵӰˣǳì֮٣ȴǱ֮绹Ҫ죬ֱӳֱӰ
һһ䣬Ŀ¶֮â˫˺˲䣬һƵϡ
ЩУһ˸֮ķģЩĹı˴໥һ𣬵ȴɢǻٴӡ
ֻÿΣмһδֿķĽƣڷķһ
ϸԷ֣ǵŷĽ֮Ѿ˼ʮͬĽƴڡֲϵӡɢӣһֻһ㣬һֱڳ
ֳֿȴһܣ
ܣʵֿϹ󷨵ĵһʱ䣬ϥڵһ̣ѾʼѧѰƣѪֵ֮ڵϹŽַʵַڼΪϣϹʿҲֻգԴ
ʮ߸ˡҪĿһ
ìֱӰȥ˺˲䣬ìȻٽӰһ֮ڡ
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һУӰ˲䣬ɣһ仯̫죬쵽Ͳκ˷Ӧ֮
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ʱʣӺ˵˫Ŀڣգۼ䣬Ѿ׵ĳˣ
ִ˿̾һֱڳҽӽβҪ׵ϣ˫ۣȴʼն󷨡
˿̣У󷨷Բǧ֮ڣѾױһɽ֮⣬ǧ֮ڣʱѾΪһɫľ޴
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˦ìĿģΪеܣѾӽβʱƿо
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ĿһΣʮĽƷģȻֱ֣ͬӻޣɢɲƣ»ص
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һΣʮĽϣһһֶ
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ǰǰһʮϣֳʱ۲֮ƽ󷨵רϽơ
ɽ֮ϣһ˲䣬̷ӿִâЩâȫǴɽӿ
ֻǣЩâոճֵ˲䣬̱Ʒ֮һţÿһηУдâ裬Ѹֱʧ
Ŀ磬̧Ųһһɽȥ
ĽŲâɽںХЩâһγһԼɵľ޴ɫĳֱһ֣Ȼײȥ
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ɫֱӺȻײֻǣھʮ֮ʱȻ䣬֮䣬һĽƴӿֶ
ɫʱǰλãǴΧı֣Ųδͣĳһ㣬һһǰȥ
ֵǰУǰɫ̽ڽںˣУǲϵر
־ɽȣֻʣʮ֮ʱ⣬׵ıˣͬʱɽȻһϣһɱ֮ԼٶȣɢС
飬顭ŷ֪ɽڣ̴ŷ


524 
ŷ٣ǿɬ
仰£ɽڣŷͷ߳ʮˣЩУ˵вͬȴԣҴͿĨɫ֭Һ
ŷ󣬿ʮ֣һ˿̾һľһһֳ˵ŷ֪ɣ֮ǰһУԸһек֮£Ҫƻ󷨣ʹˣ¶֮£ΪǵĿ
ŷʮˣ֣ǵϣо֮ɫ
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ŷ˿ڴֵĿ⣬֮дһ˿𾴡
ɣʱ䲻磬Ψ֮ҹ٣˵ŷæ˵ҧָ⣬һѪһ֮£ֱһɽȵ±ڴ
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ڻΪţľ϶࣬˿˵ɽȻһƬ
ڼڣһۿȥĿ㴩͸˷ᣬڲˡ
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ЩͯһЩĸײڣ͵͵˳ŴԼŷ죬ǵĿ⣬ڰ׷һƬϾУ¶ŨŨĺ档
ڿһĻ˲䣬ֽŲһ١
ǰһУ룬̫üͷһ壬˵аһģ˿̣ȴǲɵð̾һ
ԼӤڵΪѾƿ󷨣ȴôҲûϵԭһ䣡
˵ˣǽŷ֮⣬ȫǷˡ
ֵʶɽһɨ
ŷЩ˵ˣǰֽŲͻȻͣºʼüͷܣһһЩˣҧ˫סȭͷ
˵ԼļңΪԼԷһУ
ŷæǰվ󣬿ɬ˵ɡ
תĿŷЩɨֵǣȻһ۾ͿЩ롣
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ƿеҩʮй̱Ԫ֮ЧΪ˷ĳ֮֮ְ̾ҡͷɽȥ
ŷĿ⣬˿˸δйľâֱЩƿǰһץ𣬴֮һڣɫɵΪ֮һ̷뻳
תЩ˵һ˵˼䣬ЩһͷһЩֱӱ¶΢Цȭ
ŷȫ˵ʮˣ׷ɢصԵķᣬûã֮֡
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˲䣬ɽڣһɨ֮ǰ֮ɫ
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˵֪ǺɣܽҲڱˣһ֪ӵϵӣб²ܣԴ˵Ļϳݵһ̣Ѿ˼˺֪ܶ࣬ҪɱҲףߣ
ˣãкâ˸׷ȥ
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ݽǵ֮ͬʵҲĲࡣ
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Ŷ˵ıߣʱ֮ûЩ֮Ƚײߣֺ̱㱻˾Ͷɾ
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Ӱڴ֮ϻûȴûκȴʹˣٴƿʮɡ
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ţӵͺ𣬾ֻһ֣ȴв֣ɼڣܶôʹ
һ֮£ϵĹӰһ䣬ӴƮɢӰ˫ĿɢŨŨâֱĶ֣ЦУԲ˼ٶȣѸ
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䵶Ҳһ֮£Ӱڴ͸û˿ãǹӱ壬˿̶Էɢɫϸ˿ŨŨɢ£ӳװΧ䵶޷롣


529 Ĩɱ
Ӱɫ˵ֱſһââһ֮£̻һɴᦣһץУǰһ֮£ʱʣ޼꣬лڣ̺Х
ĹӰһ̱˫ĿĹȻȥֱ֣ЩӤȥ
Ŀ˸һֱƿӰڴһĨȦȻ֣һ֮£̧ʳָźӵȥ
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ǹӰһƺΪʣİ˿ϾȥٿأΪֵӰһ㣬Ѹٽ
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ħָ
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һָ֮£ɫ䣬޾ħֱӴӿֶָۣ˿̣ħɢ
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ħָһ۱ϳһʽɱУԴսϵģһսйۿߣ̵ӡ
Ŀ˸ֲ뿪ؿڣӰ֮ᱻƳ˿Σ֮ʣˣſٴһź
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ɱŨС֣㣬ˣûգ˿ȫɹĹ֮˳ָӿС֮ڡ
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ֵģǻӴһûٴη
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Ԫ˲䣬˵ûԪĲٿأʬһ㣬ֱӵ˵ϡԭƶСһ٣Լٶȣֱӳӵ


530 ѻ
䡱
ҵ죬ȻĴСֱ˺ӵ֮ϣ֮ϵ·˲ɢƤ̱Ѫ⻯ɻңͷֱѳΪޣգۼ䣬˳Ԫ֮⣬һкۼ׵ʧˡ
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һץֱӱץһ֮£Զ۶ȥһϲ֣ǰѸ׷ȥ
һһޣǵһеϣ񳵣һʹûƶΧΪӡ
׷֮󣬻Щͣת˶ͷ­֣ͺһӴһΣֱֶ
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ǻޣٶȼ죬ֽǰкâһޣǴٽһԥ𷣡
ǻ֮һ٣¶һ˿û䡣
һкâţŻޣ˵ͷǻ˶ͷ­һۣһ֮Ѹǹһ֮£֣һףٴһֽ£ֱԶȥ
ǿϲ֮ɫһΣУ񳵵»񳵣ѰʹôĿھԣޱȣ޷ûͬҲֻܷӳһˡ
ֻûͬſɷӳȫ
ͷһ۽µĻޡ
ڲͬңֻǼҪԪٶ̫ŰסˣҲ֮ǰҪǿϺܶ࣡
ٶȻ죬˵޵ٶȣ˿ǿʹ̡
䣬޻ӰǰԲ˼ٶȣһʧ
ӵԪڼ۶ߣԪ֮һСָСĽᾧһ˿˿ɢ
һ·ӶУĶֵĺޣѾ죬ģһѰҵᣬָΪ֮󣬶Ҫ뾡취̵ֲɱԱ˳
ӶУȻɫһ䣬͵ػͷ޺һ㣬ֱӳޣ׷
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ͬʱڵ˿ߣ˳ֱԪ֮ڣγһƣǶԷҪԱôƿ𵽻á
˵ΪΪԭ޷׷ӡԷԱȴǿǰ֪ԱǰѶԷӡڻڡ
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ӵԪЦ˵޳֮ˣ㿪ʼ㶷ȫʩչ֮ʱųҲòԪϣĪǾڵΪô
üͷһ壬ֱһ󣬶ʱԪ¶ʹ֮ɫҽУή˫ĿĶ񶾣ȴǸŨ
֮ˣл飬ɱңʦˣ֪һΪұ𣡼ӣʦҲҪƽ۽֣ҪԪЦ֡
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кâһְڴԪͷ£ѻ꣡
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ĲҽУԪдѻǼΪԵ̫֮ͨһͨʩչĻʹСһЩֱʩչԪӤԪ֮ϣôʹཫŴֹ
ƵĲҽУһ󣬼ûϢԪ񣬴˿̱ļ͸
ֱ̧֣Ӵ͸ƵԪ䵤λãʱжһᾧ
¶˼֮ɫԪڣƵԪôԪΪᦵ֮һ
ѻᦷ봢һףԶ۶ȥȥ֮׷ȥķ
֮ڣԭ˰أѹŷἰÿ߽ȷѪꡭ
˵пţȴҲʵ500֮ڲĹЩ˼Ƽļħҵǿһ£
Щ˵Ҳسŵģ˵ǸģͳͳҸǽǻȦȦȥɣҰ17ŵĳŵˣ


531 ʼ
֮ڣΪſÿһڣӡһ֮飬֮Ȼ̻߱Ī֮ͨһʿ֮ںϣΪԱͬʱɻһЩǿ֮ͨƼеÿһ֮飬亱֮ں֮һļʣһֽ֮ʼľ֮С
ν֮ʼһּΪľ磬һʿ˾磬ٶȣﵽһֲ˼ĳ̶ȣҲͰˣˣʿΪ֮ģһ֮ʼľ磬һʣԸԼ⾳Դ
УɽһЩͨˣڽһʱԼ
ַУ˫Ŀ˸ĹâƵļ䣬ȫƿ֮󣬶֮ص˽⣬ӡ
ֻҪù֮飬ȴǼΪѣƵļ䣬ÿ5000˵ؿһΣʵϣ˹֮ʿ̫ϡ٣УֻвʮˣĻ˹֮顣
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˵ؾſÿһĹͬ˵ڵĹһǰĹ͡
ֱ˵žڵĹӳһ𣬱δûκʿںϣʱգǿĳ̶ȣ޷
ֻսպ֮ˣʸĤݣΨɱ¾ľħˣлᣬΪ֮
֮鼫Ϊ죬֮ڵһԭ񣬴սߣֻĤݣ޷ںϣΨЩߣл֮ںϡ
һеԵɣ֪
⣬ҲںϴĹؼڣںϵĻᣬҲ޷ɡ
ǣÿ5000һΣ߽˵غչȷѪ꣡ǱҪɱֻҪѶԷɱɰյȫɡ
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ƵļУ֮Զ˽⣬Ϊǰһ˽˵أ˵ûлùȴھһΣ£ǿҳɹ߳˴˵أ
ص̰ڴ˵500ľϸļ¼ƣŻ˽⣬ڣȴǱң
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Ƶļе֮ͨޣ֮֮ˣԷиѪΪ׳ѪΪǣǼʿԪΪٻʮ꣬һͷץΪ顣
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ֻǣ˲䣬ɢȻâɢһͷˣˡ
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˲䣬ϾǻâһٴκˡʱһҲĳǰֱӱâ
ٴۣͬģΪĵ㡣
ڼ̵ʱڣȫ£ǻâ


532 
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ˣǺâ׷ᡣ
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ϺƴһѸٴϵشȥ˿̣ȴǸһֱֳۣȥ֮ݵȫݻһƬΪ졣
Ŀ¶⣬˰벽Ѹٳȥžžž޴̲Һվʹ֮£òתҪӶݡ
֪˿֮ʱǱߣһָôպԸἫΪ鷳ѰƵļȻ֪ѺҪһԼʮ
ûκԥȻǰһף˱޶ʱֱӳȥ
Լ󣬴˿ۿ͵תſڣ͵ǰһ磬һɫĻȻһƬ𺣰㣬ֱӰ޸ǡ
ı֮ǿĹֶΣֵĺޣڴ˱ᣬűӣĺޣ
רŶԸ֮ҲҪٵַֻһǼѾʧ˴˽磬Ȼڡ
£ѾһҪǰרķٵԣ֮£Ȼó˱֮
䱾֮˲䣬ɫһ䣬֪ǿԴҲԥǵ˿֮ʱžǰץ
˿̣˲䣬ȴһֱӵֿ棬Ȼо˻Ĺ֮棬רԪ
ֱ̣ĸоԪдȵĴʹʹޣ̺ˡ
ʱȻǱ֮𸲸ǵޣƤ֮һâȻ˸âֻһαʧӰ
һȴĿһ
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ϨǱŹ֣ƿ˲˼Ļһ㣬һѸߡ
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533 ᾧ
ʶһɨ㸲ɽȣÿһ˵ԭס񣬶ֵʶ֮Σһһ鿴֮£˵ˣȻʶϼѣ֮ǿ֪ٱ
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534 ʮ
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мڴˣֳʱ䣬ϸĥ֮£Դ˵ضе֮ľڼҰ֮ƤԴ˵Щӡǿģ³˻ᦵЧ
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ʤ࣬ͬʱʩչʮˣ˵ЧǲٻᦣȴҲһ
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535 ɢ
Ŀ䣬һ㣬ʨӻǶʱ˵ֱӻһâʮеĻᦣʧ
пɣʮ꣡Ҫмǣûȡɣӡȴɣһѵ´˻תɽȥ
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ʱҴҶһתţɽڵжһֲָҹɫУȫװҴ뿪ɽȡ
ŷʮΪˣֱǵܶȥ
ûи棬ʶδɢһЩʧܣֻ˵ǲʺϣֽ뿪ȥѰչ
ɽ˫ۣԶʱ䲻֮Զһض飬ɽСϺ߰ӣ
Ķ飬һ¶־֮ɫ֮˹ɣЩ֮ˣŮ׳꣬˫ֱӰסÿ߸Ϊһ飬ÿһˮͰϸԲľǵ˫֣ԲľϣǰС
ŷǰ·ϴѪϾ㲣ȴ˷֮ɫӿ֡
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һսʮ˵ͷŷ֮£ɹƹԷ󷨣ֱӽڲɱ˸Էֲ
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ⳤĶ飬ܿɽ⣬֮˽ɽȺɽڵĸĴԼóһľͰ
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ǣĺԽԽǿңֻн䣬ŻŻ꣬ŻдĻǡ
ò˵ŷĻõʵ֣ÿ5000һߵĽ٣֮أ޾ȷѪꡣ
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ЩߣҲû˻ְѡڲڣ͸ȥ˲ͬĿ˲ͬݣΪսΪ˹չһά500ɱ


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һǰ˶ԣʮھϣ޷һ֮̽£ȴ̷֮
ʮڣ˵һǰϣܶطήʮڣ֪ΪΣȴǻ˴
Щھ֮ڣǴѪͷ֮Уǳȥʮ壬ȻȻĴﵽһЧ
ֻ˲֮˷˺ܶ˵òתһĵ·ϣҲ̫߳Զ峹׽
֣ʮһǰޣڣȴǴﵽ˼ǵı׼ĿһƵļУѾ֪֮ڣΪһף൱ʿ֮е
̧֣ϥ֮˫ĿȻһžâԪ˲ɳһâ˲ʮüġ
ʮȣͺөһ㣬Ԫʮüĺ赭дģпһʱ䣬ʮϵ顣
ֿʮһÿ϶ܳ˸޷͵ʹ࣬ȫ޷ľʹòսڣȴѪֺ֮ȫС궯Īʹࡣ
һϵеʹ࣬һ࣬Ҵκμϡ
һеһУΪģǿҪ֣ٴΰĿϣ
ջԪΪ֮ݣĿأƮڰеʮ˼
ʮļ㣬ֵĺøУֻʮָķֻһǾǹ˾ײᴫڸκˡ
ֵ꣬ʮؿڣһ֮£ʮʱ΢ţʱһĴóһҩֱĽʮУ֮ջָϥ
ʮ壬ҲӰ£ƽڵϡ
һʮһҵĿӣ͵һںɫѪѪ˶ʱ
ֱڣע⵽Լ֮Ȼɽڣʮһ飬æת־Լߺ̼ӣڵϣΪ
ʮμ棡
ɫƽʮһۣĿһȵε
ʮһĶּΪηһһʮİһľ˵̸֮ǰһһû˿
ְеͷɫȴʼƽ˵ʮ㾭ϣٶҲãЩûоתڻ۶ˣɣ
ʮɫ԰ףЦ˵棬ʮΪһˡڻʮҲ֪¿ûкôֻʮԼһ֮ˣҲ
˵ʮսȭͷ
ֿʮ֮˵һ׹ڵתѪ֮УӶʹǿ޵ӣ˵ʹ֮ͨȴǻԽԽӲ֮㣬Ըѧϰ
ʮӾӿֿϲ֮ɫûκԥ̵ͷ
ȲҪ̫ͬ磬֮Ѻܶ࣬ΣռһңҲ޷£֮Ҫܼʹ࣬ܣ
棬ʮһʧʮ֣¶δйصļᶨ֮ɫ
ֳĬ꣬һĨóһö򣬷üģӡһӸʮ˵ҲźãӦÿԲ鿴
ʮ˫ֽӹĵļ˿Ȼ޷ݣصĿ˼ͷˡ
һֱʮߺֳ̾һգûдڸʮǰ֪һЩħ֮ܽһЩʮ
Ǵͨħгɣôұ㴫һĿھΪδɣֻ˵Ե
ȥתۼ䣬ȥ겿ţȻﵽ˷ڲķΧʮһֱʱ䣬ﵽĴСжǧˡ
Բʮڣ˹Ĵ֮⣬в䣬ȫ겿ɡ
ֳ꣬ΣΣΪԷڣǿֻЩνǿߣ֮еģǿҲǼΪޣ֣ͺ޻֮
ò˵ֵĴܱ߲ʳļƻõ˼ĳɹĿǰѾǧ˵Ĺģǧˣѧ˵ȽײߣȫͷŻ֮£ҲǼΪǿ
ʱ䳤ˣȫɳôֱһɼΪǿ
˵طԲʮڣ̳Ϊ㶦֮ƣһĽ״̬
ԭŷǿһ䣬±ֹҪ˴ڿʼȫС
ֵĻ겿֮˵
ֵһģҪ˵ʮˣѧϰǾħ֮ɣһѪƼӲɱ֮ǰ˿ɵУ
ʱ䣬ְһɽС䣬Ӳǧ˴䣬ԸǱ֮д㣬׼һˣ
Ŀ꣬ǹǣ
ǰлȥǣûȥΪǸʱûаȥ֮Ҳá
ȥǣ޺֮ǣ겿ڣ޷㣬ҲзıǮ
Ϊ˷ϵ˰ʱ䣬öһöϣһö겿ڡ
ǲϲ겿ڲһһֻ˲ɻ
뿪һˣߣ꣬ˣһʮ
һˣأһС֮ˣɣӵжڼʴӱΪСУһ֡
ŷԳ֣Ѵס󣬳Ϊ겿һԱϣʣ䱾;߱ʱ䣬Խˣֱ׷ŷ
ĿǰΪֹȻ׶Σоʮʮᦣʮһʵʿ֮еĽᵤڣࡣ
ϣֿһʣ˵ڵͨż򵥣ɶ̶̵ʱ䣬ﵽ൱ڽᵤΪ֮ǰδ顣
˵һеԭӵжĪĹϵ֮ڵҲмΣ֮˵ٶȣִ
֮ڿԴﵽΪĳ̶ȣôֱ׷ĺ֮Ҫ߳һͷ
֮ˣҲΪ⣬߼Բٿأܷڲڡ
صֵ꣬ľη˿ʮҪԼΪ˷ܡ
ʮļӲ̶ȣѾﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȣ뻢ضսҲ˿ᴦ·硣
һУļŬмĹʮԴӻ幦󣬼ûûҹ˵̶ȣڣһ
һ峿յһ̣߳겿䣬ʮ뻢ضˣһ㣬ں档


541 
겿֮ˣ׷֪߳˭ȿʼ˵ϣţе½£ȥ֮򣬵Ĥݡ
ǵУֱһ֮겿棬ڣ겿
ŷͬڵϣ£һζΪνͻͽһУʱ𣬺һ㡣
߳ǧ˵Ĳ䣬ŷֻ֣ó羴һݡ
ֵĽŲһһ̤ģʧ˵֮ڣɴ˵ˣȴʼûһվӡ
겿ʮ֮⣬һĴʱһϽ֮âһζڰȻ仯һֻޣԼʮɴСͨϽ֮ɫһ޴Ŀɢ˺â
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ǰѹʵԶԶ֮ǰѰĻʿ˿֮򶷣ҲǴ޵Ķ֡
ַ֮£ĿǰȻ뻯ڴԲʿࡣ
һУ˽֮⣬ޱƣҲĪĹڴϣϽ֮ɫ˸Уһɺư֮ϢԼԼɢ
Ϣϸ鿴Ѳ
ڹͿ˾ļУ֪ǿвǵڣǳȺ֣ȻȺ壬ôһͷߡ
ޣͷߣϵؽ
ֻĿǰͷߣǲ̫
Ҫ֪ȺͿ˾ЩɵǱߡ
һ̷֣һХ񣬴֮£ʮ뻢ض˶ʱɫ԰ף˵ΪȻ޷֮еĴ͸
Х֮޸ӣǰ޴ĿĦ¶ϲ֮ɫ
΢΢һЦ̧һԾϥ䱳ϡ
ǶˣҲɣƽ˵
ʮһҧİǰһԾޱϣµ˲䣬һ֮˳˫ֱӽ塣
֮ȫϢЧһһ֮ӿȫ˵ļ㣬˿̱̿
ؿʮȥȻҧ֮£ͬɵޱϣϢʱӿȫ
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ʮ뻢ضˣƱ쫷紵Ϯһ㣬в˱ᱻԶ
ʮͺһתȫ֮ϵ紵Ϯ֮ҲǱ˫ĿԱֿ硣
˵ؾǣǧ·̣޵ٶȣҲҪһЩʱղſɴﵽָûż֮£ҲͲʩչŲ֮˷
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֮ǰָոս֮ʱ֪˵Լ֮˴ڣټЧԲִ˵̡ڣ֮һ˽⣬˿ٴȥһ·֮ϣĲ䡣
ЩǿдСҲǴΪͬ
겿֮ܰвȫںϣôγɵ¼ſҲҪΪ֮𾪰ɣĿ¶â
󣬹ҡҡĿھǰ֮ʱջأʮ뻢ض˵ϡ
ʮԸȣԶҲ߳⣬´˵ؾ벿ǧҲûһԼֻмѹ£ޱ飬ɫ䵭¶
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˵أǷԲڣһǳأǣ
в֮˵ǣǱ֮ʥأǲ֮˴յ㡣
һУǰʮЧ˿̵ʮĿе֣Ŀеʥأǲɽȣյ㣬ǵõֵϿɣ
ڻأʮв㣬ǵһ̣Ĺ˵ϣĤݡ
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ʮ뻢ؽ
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˳ǣû̬ݣ̤
˳Ǳţ֮ڶ࣬Ȼء
֪磬һпʵ˵̫͵ã˵Ŷӽ֮ڶ࣬ǵȴûиʱ޷롣
ƿȺֱŶȥʮ뻢أ֮ڻش˿нţʮ̬䣬Ϊء
ֵͻȻţڳмΪԣЩǹ
ÿ˵Ϊ൱ʿ֮еڣУֺѰ֮ˣڲûκڡ
ʮ߳ȴݺᣬӣӦǴﵽ֮ϡ
֮ΪʹӣЩУʱԵˣȴǲʹЩ˹ء
߽֮ʱһǰһɫףиóһ˳ǹ˿̳ǹǰһɨԵ£
˵ʮǰһһȭʮĿУֱڣһжֲߣĵˡ
һȭޱħ֮ʹ壬ƾһӲһȭʿ֮еķɽһȭХƿ֮ܵĿռ䶼Ťƶȥ
ɫ䣬ʮһȭкһ㣬һ̺֮ڣҪ㣬ȴ屻һ֮ˮһ㣬ƶ̱û
˾þɳϵΣ֮ʱгǹ̺ǰķȣ̤ȥ
ʮȭͷǳǹ֮ϣһǳǹȻѣƱݻһ㣬ȫΪĩ
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ǰס˶˸أǷס֮ˣҲɵɫһףһȻж֮£Ҳˡ


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˿̣׷һɱı߶ΧסȻͨϲ㡣
Щȴ֮ˣһĻ׷Լٶɢ¶ֵɫ
ʮֳ
ʮǰ̬ѵ⣬ҲԹԡ
һȭԣͳ
ʮǣʮУκζ治ߣʮĵˣ
һԳĬղûʮǹɳ嶯ԭкڣִ˿ɫȴ˿ڸղûг֣ǵ治ϲȴǵòʧ
ҡͷ˵һȭ˵ȫȴĳ֮ڻй޷ٿģĻôܽ£Ȼ°㣡
ʮһ̱ͷ¶˼֮ɫ
˿̣ʮһ¶ɱҲ֪˭ŭһֱֱֳȫ˳
֮⣬ݺᣬɳɢһɱ̴ЩɢЩǾþɳ֮ˣ˿̷ſӣΪǸߣֻҪ಻̫ҲҲƿ棡
ҿã֮뷨ͨ˵죬ȴ֮ͨû壬һȭӳͬԴﵽͬЧ˵ţȭǰһ
һգ̣ȴȭͷΪĵ㣬һȦȦƣⲨɢ֮£гٶһƱһ㡣
̣ⲨƾҵһΣЩʱ֮һ𣬷׷׵ˣԱʱٶȣѸٷˡ
Уɫ԰ףһѪ
ȭûջأ쿪ƣһ˲䣬ѪĻѪΣѸٵ۶ֵ֮ϣһѪȻ۶
ǰһ㣬Ѫʱɳһɫ磬ֱųǽ¡
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Ѫɢ¶֮ˣȴһŮӣ
Ůһ̷֣ܵ׷׵ϥأ˵μҦͳ죡
Ů˫ĿüǴɷһϮɫһͷɫ˿£ɨһۣüһ壬˵֣
Ŀ΢ɲһϸĴ˴Ůۣ֮ǰڵĶ֮⣬ŮռһλãԵøλۣҲǵԭڡŮΪӤڣ˵δﵽԲҲࡣ
ĳ֣ϵǲ֪΢Цǰһ̤
һ֮£һâϢȻ֣ŭһ㣬ɢ
ǰŮĿһۣüͷ壬˺һƽ˵û뵽ҲڣǣΪıȡְλս֮սû壡
˵ţתȥ
΢΢һЦǰһ̤߽šʮ뻢أ
ǰŮӲ죬ǳ֮󣬲δֱӽǣұȥһ㳡㳡֮ϣһ޴Ĵ
أЩŮӺ󣬷׷׵ϥأΪ
ڴڣŮת֣˵ȥ˵عǣ֮ǣȡְλΨеõϿɣ
ֵͷʮ뻢»˽ǵң󷨡
߽˲䣬󷨿׹˸УŮӣʧ֮ڡ
һͺ΢ʺָֻʼԼڵ֮أĿǰһƵĻֺ뽨
һ޴Ĺڹڲһ޴ĵֱ̣һ׵׳һǿҵ֮֮ϷйգγһȦȦС
Ů߳󷨣˵ˣҰ˴
һ£һˬʵЦӹںƵţǾ޴ĵ֮ϣȻ併һӰ
Ӱٶȼ죬˲ٽվ˰СòѰȴһɱ뺷֮ɫӿ֣ۣ˫ۼΪִվһ
Ŀ棬֣Цڳǽ⣬ߣ
˫ͫ΢ɲһ׳ȫѰ֮˿޷ֵ֣Ϊȴһ۾Ϳ˼ǿڵ²ʮףҲ˵Ϊûдﵽ൱ʶҲ࣡
Ҫ֪֮ڣǵһףʮ׽ᵤټԪӤǧӻӤ䣬ʮʶ
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һָ֮£ܷԲɣ̳ΪһƬţеȫһ㣬Ĵָ֮ϡ
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ٿǰе׳ջȭ΢һΣĿ磬Цãڰգ֮ȴռһЩˣƾһָɳΪҸڳϣ
ɫƽҡͷְĳҪ
׳ĿһЦ֮ص˽⣬ϣȻְ֪֮
ƵļУ¼¼֮أְִ³ϵȣְûбȨΨжͳͳְְ֮бȨ
ԣЩߣֻҪΪ㹻ԴһְСһҪְҪó汾£ղһָ
˵Լ
׳һ˿ͣڷϻֱһȭգһȭһӳ㱻Ѹ֮һȭ
ٶȼ죬˲䣬ֱӻӳʮȭǰ̮֮֮࣬ʱ֣˿̿ռȻΪ̣ʮȭ֮󣬾Ȼûгױ
ʮս⣬£Ƕͳ׳һȣȻһץƴ͸һ㣬ֱץ̮֮͵һӣֱȥ
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ͬʱʳָħָȻתУ˲滯Ϊһħ˳ʳָ۶ȥ


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ʽɱУָħָǰʽʹý϶࣬޷вʶֻӤݺᡣ
˾ͽУʹ𡢻ħָȴǾˣʶʿҲɱԭ򣬳Ϊһ֮⣬Ҫģ뻯ħָľ衣
ʽɱ˾ͽϴħʽɱȻմȾħԣûһħ֮ģȻ޷׵侫衣
˾ͽϵĵĲͬһʩչ뻯ħָ֮˾ͽϣһ鶯仯
ʵϣָ֮䣬кķͨΪһ㣬˾ͽϲûаȫ̸ͨ֡
ģһȫ̸֣վ쳤ǱĬ֮£ֵĵܱܿı䡣
ʽɱеһʽȪָɱ֮ԶԶʽﵽһ۷壬޽ӽƷ
˾ͽϴڴʽʱԥʹԥĸԭΪʽɱвǿвʶʿҪǣʩչ࣬ضӰֵĵģʹ佥ħ
һʽǰʽǰʽΪûкֵͨΪʹôٶ࣬Ҳ޷Ӱģһʽȴûкͨȫֻһָ
һУϸĸ֪֣ԣôһʽɱУֻʹùһΣǱϵʶʿһս
˵ɱУʵϣһʽɱУ
ʮȭ⣬ޣʣΣһȫ۷֮ȭȭգȭ⣬ȴǿգ֮УɱӰ
ʳָ˲䣬ת˲䣬㻯ħָ֮ϣ˿ָ̣ȫȫһҲ޷͸ĺâ֡
ֺڣһִħ
ʳָյһɲǣĸ֮ܵǹȭ⣬һ˲䣬һ٣
һһ㣬Ϊĵ㣬죬
һɺƽٰĴ˷Уֵϣ֮ϣâ˲˸תٶȣﵽ˲˼ĳ̶ȣȻ䣬ʳָϵĺâͻȻɢգۼɢȫ
һ춯ص¡䴫ǣɫһף˺סӡ
ʳָ˿΢һƬľ
ЩϺƽٰƳˮһѸ£̣Զ֮ǰʮƣٴδ֮ת

ڶ٣
ڶ֮٣֮һҪɲǣ˷Ȼ
ִ˿ʳָȻħָֻֿܰһ
Ӥʿʩչ֮ͨķʶʿʮҲֻһ˲ſգ˫Ŀ˸֮â
ڶǵһʮ˿̷Բǧ֮ڣ֮һƬ谵зɳһ㣬ڰ֮ǲתУǣ
ֵͺһ֮Ѹߣһ̣ԥʹɱ¾ɾ
Х䣬ֱӳȥһɾ˵ˣ˲ƿգʱ˵ڶ
ڶΪǿֻ¡¡ص䣬Уû飬һγһɫУеĵ㣬ڡ
ڶ˻ɫ֮ϣ̲ϵͬʱһɱ¾֮ǻɫڷɢ
ɱ¾֮ΪˣӵһħİԵ֮ɫӲڵڶУɱһѪ·ƿһȱڣ
ƾһɱ¾֮⣬Ӳı˵ڶ֮ȭ⣡
ָǽŲǰһ̤˺һǣԭ˲ͬʱһץǻһ֮ɢ໥ĻȻ䣬֮С
ֵͺУĻγһɢ޾â߳߳˽Уӿֳһɾ˵ɱ¾֮
һֺ̣Ʊһ˰㣬ϣκɷǣеģֻɱ¾֮
˿̣ͺһɱ¾ħһ㣬ֳɱ¾̤֮գֱԶȥ
һ˫¶һ˿âЦãڱʮȭ֮£ǲļ֮һҿܷƿʣµİ˱ҵĽǰ
˿̣ʼվԶİŮӡѪ֮ŮҦϧѩ΢壬ǰ֮ʱǰʮȭ֮£ͨΪԵԽ󣬱Խ޷ֿΪڵıʱ㣬ʹ丸ڵѪ޷
ˣҲڵڰ˱£ˣ䲻ףͳһְҪ֪ڹǣͳһְ֮£ĿǰΪֹǣҲֻжͳˣ
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ֻ֮䣬ǰ˱ԵڶʮϢ˷ɢ޷ѹһ㣬¡¡ļѹϡ
˫¶һ˿âɱ¾֮Ũûκε֮ɫһ˿ս⣬ɱ¾֮Ȼ̧𣬿еͺȵƿ
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550 Ҧϧѩ
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Ѫ棬Ϲ֣׵һУ㻯رΣҲô裬һƬ


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ͨҦϧѩһһѰܷ˴𰸣ЩǧʿҲܼΨЩ꼸ɾһĵϹ֣ŻԵ㿴档
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ĬƬ̡ϥƽ̨֮ϣƽҪ⾳֮ʱȻкһ㻮һͷ


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ģֻһʣ


555 һ
˷ģתͷʱ֮ӡѾɢ̬糣ߡ
ҦϧѩѾԶԶȥں󣬲ǰߡ
ʼոָղſǸģĵĹ켣Ҧϧѩеʷ֮ͬԼĿеĽҲһޡ
߼䣬̧֣Ŀģڣʷٴγ֡
ĵҲȤһʷĺһҦϧѩʷĿеʷڣ̺˷
Ŀһһӣ֮аһʷĻ£ָ̺ĺȴûκηӦ
ֳǷĬģ㲻ĥĿ¶֮âңңĿԶҦϧѩ
ŮѪ굤ҳ͵ϮҲԸҪɱŮȴЩѡ
С·ǰٴγһƽ̨ƽ̨ĴС֮ǰһһƽ̨ģҲһʯ
ʯӣҲ֮ǰ࣬ΨһĲͬʯüУһֻյĵۣ
ھͷҦϧѩͷ֣˵û˵뷨ȴǴӶڱֳ
ֲˮ֮ˣ֪²Է˺ʱҲҪȰһ֮
ǰһֱ̤ԽҦϧѩƽ̨֮ϣƽ̨˲䣬̱˫ۣͬʱ֮ӡ˫Ŀ֮ϣγһӡ˫Ŀ
һУ̤ƽ̨ϣ֮ӡӡ˫Ŀֵһʵ飬Ҫ˵ĻǽɫǷԴ͸
ɫĲδ͸ƽ̨˲䣬ʯȴͨһֱ˫Ŀ¶âͺ̤ǰ
֮ӡ̴˫Ŀɢֲȫͬʱ˺Ӻ
ʯУ̤׷ȥ
ɫ糣ն˸Уһ򵥵ĽƲӰг֣Унһ˦̱󣬻⣬׷еʯ֮ǰ
ʯûаͣ٣ֱײ˽֮ϣֻǽƣľһ㣬ѳɢ
Ŀһ¶Ȥɫ֮ǰĽƣ˵ֻ̽Ʊ֮ͬ˽ƣĻָܳղһĻ
ʯ񣬶ȫ±ưƳȷķ˫һƻ⣬ɼ뷱һ㣬Ѹٴ˸Ѹʯٽ
ʯһǰһԾȭȻһȭ֮£飬ͬʱһɴ޴ݣֱ֡
һᦶʱ֣һ֮£֮д֮ʱڣʧ
ֵĽᦣĲУﵽ˾Űپʮ飬ֻоֵǣȴʼδ٣
ŰپʮƣȫǵһĹƣǿ
ֻΪĲȻЩ㣬Ҳ˼ҪᦵһףʹﵽǧŰپʮ顣
ֻʮ赥һֵ̫࣬ļʶ޷ôơ
˿Ŀд˸Щвϵϣϵطѣٶȼӿ죬ʼʯ޷ٽ
ÿεʯҪٽ֮ʱֱнһӣĽƺХγһ֮ǽֹʯĽŲ
ʯα裬춯أԲȥ׷վԭأһ̤¡¡ľУƽ̨̲ͬʱУһʯ̺һѰ㣬ӵصȻ
Ͱе̷Էͨ˿˫һ֮±̡ܹ
ȴһ㣬˷תۼ䣬ƽ̨֮ϣһ̷ĳ˲䣬ƽ̨֮ϳλãȫʯ̸ǡ
ӳڰգ˫ĿڵĽݣ˸죬Ŀ⣬ʼûдʯƿ㣬ݣȻһһ̣ʯ䣡
Уʲôʯ񣬷һ໥һ𣬴Ӷγɵһ֮ʯȫ£޴ǽƣ
ֿʯʵ˲䣬ƽ̨֮ϵ̣ʯһ̤֮£ȫӸѣεض𣬺һѰ޸̣֮һʯ֮꣬Űе֣뷢һȥ
ֵΪóʩչʽɱУƳʯ񣬶Ȼ˷ôʱ䣬ֵĿģǿƳҪ׵׵˽⡣
Щ̣УһֻҪǽƣû˿η壬˵ԽᵤʼһֱоƣڽƵ˽⣬ЩϹ֮⣬֮ˣ˿ɱȣ
ɫ糣ֽһӣʱƺХЩưĳУϯ֮£ӵʯ̣ڣķֽ⣬˽еһ֡
Щƣƴ
Ŀһ£ǰһ㣬ʱڵĽƣһ㣬̰ʯڡ
δأ̻һ̣תķԣʯߣ˫߼䲻ϵػ裬һ³ֵĽڡ
ԶԶȥ˿ƽ̨֮ʯưΧƾЩƶ޿ײ㣬ⲻϵײ˳ʯڲ
ƣƣƣƣȻһ٣ȣ
ȣʹתʯƣһӵϣʯ壬ۿɼٶȣı仯ϵر
ʯ񱾾ǽɣ˿ĽƣȻϵƳ֮£ʯһС
Σ֮ʣʯ̴ҵüĵĵȻ̱һâ˸
һ֮£ʩչĽƣʱˣΧڣ
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ֵͺУһھѪǰĽ֮ϣѪҺЩٴǰȥϵڡ
Ϣ֮ʯڵĽâɢһ˲䣬ʯ̱޾ĽƸǣͨһ֮âɢȴ֮ģһƬɫ
ţȻǱУһƴϳӿ˷ƽ̨⣬ʱΪ˺硣
Ƭ֮Уһɫķģ˸ۿҪʧ֮Уһֺ̣Ȼʶ̧ʳָһ֮£һģģǵһӡʯ֮
һʻ꣬ûͣ٣ֱǷֻ֮һʣʽ֮£γ˸ոʯĿĽɫ֮
˷ֵɲǣʯڷɳҪԶȥķģ̵תֱֶԳٶȣֱӡķ֮ϣ˴ںϣң
¶֮⣬ʳָȻͣٴλһʣһ£ʱγҦϧѩĿڵʷģ


557 ŤתǬ1
һзļ죬ҦϧѩĿɿڴУʷĳΡ
γɵ˲䣬ڵԶת˳ָ뵽˷֮У
ʷģǵȥûʲô쳣˿һһʻУȴһĸо̺ĳӡ
âͬɹԣ̴Ƿ֮ҫܵһСƽ̨֮תغâҫ£ɢ֮С
Ҧϧѩ¶Ϊ֮ɫ֮ǰ˵Σÿξץʱ䣬ԸЩʯ丸͵Ѫӡһȡɵķȹ
Щɫ˵Ҳע⣬ҲջȴΪʼûаʯ񳹵׻飬ȻҲûִ˿̰㣬ʯڵķġ
ڣֵʳָȴǲɵһ٣˿̾ɫ糣ȴĸоǲܻıʣôĵ̱ƣ
ıʣ޷ƾջĿһʳָڷ֮ϣ͵һתָǰһǷֱ̱Ҧϧѩȥ
Ҧϧѩɫһ䣬̺ˣͬʱԥĴӴóöѪɫǰһһ顣
ѪӿУһѪɫֱӸ˷֮ϣһĻ죬ЩѪڷϣɢ˵ˣȴʹ÷Ľâ
ҦϧѩӲϵغˣͷ㺹ڳһööѪɫ򲻶ϴ˦Ϣ֮Ƿ֮ϵĽ⣬ڱѪɫǣճ׵
ѪУɢ֮䡣
ҦϧѩɫΪղŰѴ㹻ʹϰѪӳ˽ʮ֮һǽɫٵһ̣ȻֺԸһ֮˵ĸо
֣ҦϧѩѪ񣬴ɢ֮һֱӳƽֱֶ̨ȥ
ɫ糣Ҧϧѩٵ˲䣬кâһһĨʱɽ֣ǰƽ˵Ҧѣǽɫĳֵ̫ͻȻ¿ƲסΪҪĳĳ㣡
ҦϧѩĿһۣһ˿ɱİ˼ȻǿƳȫӡ˿֣װ˷ʱ
˵²Ϊ˵ţǰһֱͣԹ֣ƽ̨һ̤ǰӡ֮·ϡ
ɽں󲻽ĸ棬ǰҦϧѩȴǼƽ
ʷģȻҦϧѩ˵˵عʮ˲㣬ÿһ㶼һģôʮ˸ģǰʮ˸ĻΡģʲôĪɣն˲ĻϧһΣȴûκ쳣ĳֺ󣬱ɢ֮ǰ
üͷ΢壬
պ󣬵ƽ̨ҡҡĿһΣҦϧѩֱӳֱƽ̨
ƽ̨ϣһȻǸʯֻеĿ֮⣬ʯУһѳ
Ҧϧѩһ֮ǰӡһΣԥչͨʯһս
ƽ̨۴Ҧϧѩ֮ͨѪΪּ䣬Ѫɫȳͨչ֡
ʯһսûҦϧѩΪ˽ֻʯȴûнɳҦϧѩɫݺݵһţһǱʯ񣬶ʱĩɢһա
ĿһİʯĪֻƽƣŻз岻ɣ
ҦϧѩһۣԾƽ̨ٴǰС
ʱҴҶתۼһţһµʱ䣬ּΪУҦϧѩֳֵĻᣬʼûеõѾףԼķԣ֮ǰýḶ́
ǽΪɵ˿Ϊ˷ֹֻãһ·ȫԼ֣Ǵɢʯ񣬶һ·Ѫӡ֮ǰνá
һգӡ˵ʮһʯ֮·ϣǰĵʮӡƽ̨Ҧϧѩȴɫ֣˵ѣʮӡ֮ǰҪҶͬʱ֣пƳҲҦĳ˵Ŀģ
ֵͷǰƽ̨֮ǰ켫ƽ̨ĴСֻ֮ǰһ룬ϣûκʯеģֻһȾ޴ʯţ⣬ƽ̨ܣֻڵһ֮·
ʯϣһЩģĿ̻һ𣬺һ
Ҧϧѩֶƽ̨֮ϣʱȻʯȻ仺򿪣һɺ̴Ҧϧѩȫ˲䱻Ѫɫ
˺һ֣һ֮£̰ӸǣǺ紵Ľᦶʱ֮һһĺۣգۼ䣬ֵ⣬㱻ıӡ
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һʯƮʯǰһ̻ΣԼѮɫ£Ͷ䣬һɷ֮ɫ
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ҦϧѩڵıںâŨһ㣬⣬ӱɢգۼ䣬ڻҦϧѩ߳
˶ΣʩչǵѪкˣ֣ʩչͨȴ֪ôһΣʩչͨ㽫޻ᣡӣ˵ƽȴһɢ
˿̣ڵıҲڻɫݣ߳ۿˡ
ĿƽһֻۣҦϧѩ
ҦϧѩһǷ˵ǰʶβһ棬ⶴķ϶֮꣬ϧȫ
ջĿ⣬ƽ˵ܽʸһ𣬻Ƿֿ
ҦϧѩĿһ˵Ҷһ˽һһͬʱ£
ʼƽԶ˵ǰһָһ⣬ָۣ
һǰ£Ӳ£
ѣҦϧѩ֡
΢΢һЦ˺ҡͷҦ̸ʵҪǣ
Ҧϧѩ֣˵кβʵ
˵ؾʮ˲ӡ˵ǷӡҲֻʮ㣬ţǶ
ҦϧѩЦϵֿ»ʱı⣬˿̲Ųæ˵ѣҦĳһ仰֮ǰ棬㲻Ҫ⣬ڸ֪ȴҲ˵أ˽ӡôǻ븮ʸһȡʸ񣬾ͱҪɹĻΨ·һѸ֪Ų㣡
粻֮Ҧϧѩ¶֮ɫЦҦѪ굤Ȼ£ƣ
ۿҦϧѩˣûκβ֮ɫ
ҽ붴Ȼ֮ǣ֮ǰӦһУҲȻʵ֣Ҧϧѩ˵


557 ŤתǬ2
ֳĬƬ̺ˣҿԳ֣֪ʲôط
ҦϧѩչһЦ˵أĳµĶҸдһۿе֪ⶴķ϶꣬ܶͨʧֻһ˿֮ڣΨΪﵽʶ֮󣬲ſȫ¡ˣøģҶѾ˵ˣѣ֣
ʶſɽ£ĳֻӤڣҦҲ̫ˣֳ
Ҧϧѩɫһ䣬֣˶Ѫ굤Ը㣬ɣ
ʱʼۿ˵ӣȻ˵û벻˶˽գҪҪΨгɹ붴
ֳĬãǰһǰְɣ˵ţ̧֣һָ죬ʱڱѹƷӡħӿ֣˲ȫһ̣ŨŨĺɢתۼ䣬ӱ㱻
Ҧϧѩпħ
һֱóһսͨȻǾȫһҵ⣡ҦϧѩѾƺãֵΪֻӤڣǸ˶Է㹻ҲȻʱ䣬Ӥڡ
һӤڵΪǽһҲˣκв
ƾ丸ķĽһɹǶ֮Ҫ
ΣѾȫҲֻܽȴ
Ϊ֮ӣ˱һۣ˵ֱһָһâƱף磬ֱֶȥ
ֵͺһȫħӿԼٶȣָۣգۼ䣬ȫħΧɢȫʳָ
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ֿһѪƱһɴײ㣬ȥͬʱڸ֮
ƽ̨Ͳ󣬴˿׳ʯ̨·ǿ׹¡
ӵͷһʧķ̧ͷ˵һˣǵڶ˵ţٴ̧һ⣬ָۡ
ֵˣ˿ûгҦϧѩԤϣֵģνⶴڣԼģҪֽȴǱԺ
ʵϣģֵΪͲȥύǴЩ
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ʯ֮£ǵĴΣ֪ѪֻʹһΣڵڶʱȴǶǽâûκá
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ڶ£ڣǵ˵ţָ֮ٴγֽâûԷƬ׼ʱâһ
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ڽģȫδеĳ㣡
ⶴҵˣҦϧѩ˫ǰѸٱ仯ӡǽâٽ˲䣬һѪѪҺֱ˽â֮ϣͬʱдӡٶȸ졣
ֻǽâѪڵѪƷһ㣬ӿ仯һѪɫģǰڽ֮ϡ
˲ֻϵѪɫģȴҲǱ˴ڣǽһֱҦϧѩ
Ҧϧѩ˫ֹͣһƬӰǰֹͣţһԲεѪɫҦϧѩƾճ֡
һɲǣٽ˫֮ϵѪɫ󷨡
顱һ촫ܣѪɫ̱ǽͬɢâҦϧѩڡ
ҦϧѩҲƲסһѪһΣתڵĽâս
âһ壬ɼǿɱھΣΨֿ˴֮£ſɻâ֮Σ
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Ҧϧѩգԥϥأתϵâڣ˿ȫĵĳڣȴûз֣һĿ⣬ϡ
âԿؼʱ̣һӰԼٶȣƽ̨֮µǿкһ㱼׶
Ӱͷñ˿磬˲ƽ̨֮ϣûаͣ٣һץҦϧѩĴ̷ɳͬʱһָҦϧѩüġ
һ˲䣬Ҧϧѩ͵˫ۣ¶𾪣Ҫ㵫ȴĿŶԷָüġ
һɴݻԵ˳üֱӽڣ˳ž֮侭ϡ
ͬʱڱͲݻԵ̻ɢټϽâ֮ͬʱ֮£ҦϧѩѪһΣ˱׳ɣڵ֮ʱһü˸γ֮ӡȫ
ҦϧѩѪֹס£˻֣
ûôףӰд޳ӰժͷĲñ֣
Ҧϧѩ֮ɫΪŨֵĳ֣Ԥϣ˼ûҲӦˣȻ
֮ǰʶɨļǵûзִ˴ڡ
ɫ糣ҦϧѩһУԳﻮ˵ӷǴ˵صյ֮뷨
ðٴɢħΪ˳׵ҦϧѩʹΪԼѾȫǽ˲䣬ԥ۵ɾ
֮ǰھӪڵصףʱ䣬֮һ񻯳ɾڣΪһֳ䲻Ч
ɾѣӿֶƽôӿ֣Ҫ̴ɣвھͻᱻ顣
ɵ֮ʱŨȴǡô֮ڣȫĵֿס˽Ĵݻ٣ֱ䳹ڡ
֮ǰ뷨óȸ͵Ĳñǰ
ñ̺ĽƣȸΪﵽʶڣ䷨Ȼǿ󣬴ñãʶʹãЧѣ
ǶԷΪﵽʶȻᷢ
һУҦϧѩ֪ģ
ҦѣּˡҦϧѩĴƽ˵
Ļ˵ǶҦϧѩ⣬ȴɨʯµӡ
ֻĿʼƽǰһУǰƲһ㡣


558 ŤתǬ3
ñɣҦϧѩҧ˵
΢΢һЦ˶ˣʤΪΪܣĹʼģЦҦѸ¼ٵ˽˵صΣգĳֻб佱
ҸѪ֪£ˣӵĵӣң֮ǰѾһѪ굤Ҧϧѩɫ԰ףûκѪɫ
ΪҪɱ㣬Ѫ굤ԸҪʹô˵ӦΪǰᣬͨӡȫ˿ޣҿȥ΢ЦЦݣɭ
Ҧϧѩɫ԰ף˿ȫϸȷ˵ûа£Ǵѣ˿̵״̬ü֮ϵӡȴǴһȫһγһѭ
ѭ֮£ȴͣˣ
ֻӡһأǧĹ¶֮ǻȴ޷ҧԾüӡ裬Ҳ޷ɹһҿѪ굤˵ƽҦϧѩУȴʹɫ䣡
˵⻰ʱȴǲɵ뵽˵ȸǣΪħѩʿ٣Ϊ˷˺һɽկ֮ϣӶڵˮڣֵǾ߱ӡﲻ֪ŮԺǣ
֮£ȴֻأĬ
ǰҦϧѩǰֱ䱥ؿȥҦϧѩҧ˫¶ŨŨɱ֮ɫ
Ŀֿûκ壬ֱҦϧѩؿ½ڣ֮£̸֮ܵ
ò˵Ҧϧѩһѵõˣ֮⣬ݣҲĶķ֮һѪ֮Ůƽ߸ϣգȴڴˡ
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Ҧϧѩ֮ɫŨĶ֣ҧгݡ޵꣬ʼձִ֮δܵĽӴ
ҦѣһʽΣѴ˵
Ҧϧѩ֣һﲻ
ҴӡֱԪϾ֮ڣǼޣشһ⣬Ҹʮ꣬Σ΢Ц
ҦϧѩĬ֪꣬˵Ǽ٣
Ц˵ԲӦ
ҦϧѩĿ֣ʰɣ
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Ҧϧѩͷһ˦ʯţʯµӣʼĿƽ
Ҿȥûԭ򣡡
ҵģĿһ˫һƣЩڵϣγһԲεĽ֮ȦʱĶȹִĽԽԽ࣬Ľ֮Ȧɢâ
ЩһץסҦϧѩһ˦֮±˽֮Ȧڣ⣡
һ֮£֮ȦɿİڵҦϧѩΧ˲䣬γһ֮
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һ·߹ߵЩ;Զĺڼٴ˺һϢĸоӿĵס
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һ֮£ȫϢ̳ϢΣܵȴǿԸܵõ׷ײ˺
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˵ƣһһ̤УۣĽŲһƬ˪⺮˪ֶɢ
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ҵľӪ˵ΪƽĿڣŲδͣǰ̤
ڼ״̸оһɱ˵ȫƱɽѹһ㣬ǿ˺ĳ嶯ȵʧһ࣬ͱ˰ͳְ֮
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ر˵Ļֵ֣ĶУŲ΢٣ȴûлͷһֱǰȥ
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Ī˧İգмɣӣ˵Ϊɴֱ࣬ӵص㡣
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580 ĩ
ץɲǣ֮֮ӡ˸תۼǧӡǡ
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585 ѱƻʧܣ1
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һ֮սҹĻĽ٣߳Իص
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ԶԶأİûãⰧ֮ԶԶʧкâŨ


586 ѱƻʧܣ2
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587 ѱƻʧܣ3
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Ϊһ֣ݸ˸ȴǷֳ޵߰꣬ңӵҵĵ˫Ŀһžâɫ˵԰ףһ̣ȴһ⾳ģоâɢȡ֮ģһ˿û¼š
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˧һγ׵˫ĿһΣվӣ֣㳡ߣΨһˣ


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ˣΪ㿹١ǾˣЩϧᣬҪ㣬֪Ҫȶáʶ֮˵࣬ҲܷŹ


599 ʶ
⾳ںϣһȼգΪȼƷ⾳Ϊһʶ֮
ʶ֮˲䣬ôһɲǣһֻޣصĸָ򣬼Ϊѵã֮Ϊʶ֮
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ֵѾջأȻҪѡ˲˿ܷŴȫЩڷɿıѹһ˿ĩ
˵޷磬ЩĩҲûзͬʯ̵ء
ȫëڣɿ뾭УԪڵֻ⾳ۡ
һֵڣʼճϡ
ͺƵȼ˻֮籩һ㣬ֵڣڽһ־춯صĸı䣬Ԫ񣬾ͺһ޴ļ룬⾳Ǽ֮飬Ǽȼյһ
ԽأԽǳԣڵ⾳Խ֮ϣ
⾳ںϣյĿģԪ֮Ϊһ壡
Ӵ֮ڲ⾳ԪԪ񣬱⾳⾳Ԫ
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ⳡɻֵȼգ֮Ѱ֮޷ʶȥؿһĻȫɢľ˻档
ŵϦӣʶ֪Ļ֮ҲĪĹ޷ȹһؿô˻𣬽αʵʣ⣬Ԫȫһ˲ճɻң
еԪ֮룬Խ鶯ڵֻػᣬҲٱԭڻ·ҪԪ֮Ϊһ塣
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֪˶ãԪļ룬Ȼ䣬һѷ죬ѷϸѿ
ţһѷ֣󣬸ѷ죬ϵϻѷԽԽ࣬գ˼룬ѣ
ѵɲǣһɫĹâ˸ѵļڣһԪ񣬻Ʈ
Ԫͨ岻͸ʵʻҲû̫ڣʶ֮ɢԪתڡ
ʶʿԪ񣬾⾳
⣬⾳壡
ԪƮ֮ڻγһ˿˿Ԫе֣Ԫգһ˿ֱպԪ񽥽ϥ£µһɲǣֵһʮһΣ˫ۡ
ʶ˫Ŀڣ˸֮⣡޵߰꣬ڴﵽʶΪʶκһǶǶĴڣ
߼ڣʶʿҲһǿߣ
֣ʶʮ꣬ǸУȴջ


600 ɹ
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ʶճɣԪδȫںϣҪʮʱȹ̣ʱ䣬ҵʮŵȵ
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ϵĹһɰԵʶʱӱںɨԶսţսϵλɶһɫĹͷѸٴӵص׷ɳա
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ɫֱۿݹǣķϿգֹ֮ͣ
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ȥɣԪֱһֱӳеУʧ
ֻʶʿڲŻԪڣϧ̫أ޷ԶѾԪΪһʿԪֻѡͻ֮ʳԪһػףĹ⽥Ϩ
ϥڶڣ³һվӣϥʮ꣬˿һ֮£žž֮ڴһŻָ
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Խ˿гֵɲǣһΣֱ֮Ŷȥ
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ڣһƬľ޴ƽԭУ˿ȻһŤĲһ̤
ɫ˭ڸոʶɹ˹һĻá
ղԶ뿪һֱ̣۸ţ;Ȼ⣬˿ʶһɨ˵һƬİ
ʱȻгһڵ㣬ڵٶȷתɲǼ䣬γǾ޴С
еĳ֣Ϣʶ޷ǰ¸޴һ㡣
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мڳֵ˲䣬ǴŻĿݹֱۣ̽һץ
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һУ˲䷢
ָոմһָ磬̲һ֮ǰƮ΢һ㣬ϵ˲䣬ȴɫ䣡
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񣬶㷴֣Ҳķ£Ԫ񣬽ĴӴƮ룬Ҫȥ
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ʶһɨΪԽƵգЩƣۣûȤڣ뿪֮ʱȻԶУٴγ˫ĿһĺɫС
겻ɢüͷ壬кâԽԽŨɫĳ֣ʵЩĵӿɱһ³ֱ̤Ǵ֮С
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ףԸв죬û뵽ȻһҸΪģ֮Ȼȫһ֣
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˹Ƿ˷ʳԽϴ󣬵ʿûãҲһЩʿԷʳ˹Ϊ֣ƮȻĸовԸ԰Ρ
ڷ˽УЩȨ֮ˣѼĴۣܴʿлһɹǺĳΪ˵λ֮С
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ڴ˹Ȥ󣬴˿УǴŻĿݹֱۣȻƽƣֱӽ룬ݹɢâŨŨħɲǼ䣬ܡ
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ʮŨŨɱֲ̱кâ˸ֱӳСĴָǰһ㣡
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Ѫ굤ȡһ˿ԪѪҺ󣬱ڼ̵ʱڷЧã˲䣬ֻҪԪ֮ޣ¸󣬿ƾѪ֮һԪ֮ȡأ
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СһԾʧ֮䡣
˵үЩ굽ǽ˲ֵǰүҪץҵʿڿң̹ˣķϣպСѾͷҪ뿪ȸǣүҸžǡС׷м䣬ˮ֪Ϊԭ򣬻Ϊ˵ǿյϻ¶˾ġ


612 ڶԪ
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̶ܣдأһЩĵ۶ǿڴ˳֮·ֻҪδ̶Ǳ㲻
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Ҫ´ħڵΪ޷ΨаԪӡϵؼأһգұɶԴħٿأʱ̴ԴħΪڶԪȴҲѡ֮һ
ڶԪʿڴﵽʶ֮չֳһصֻͨͨδ˿ԳɹҪԭ򣬱ǵڶԪ壡
ǿֱӾڶԪĳɹһڶԪʧܣʿ˵һش
⣬ڶԪʿļΪأԾ󲿷ʶʿûѡڶԪ룬֮ǰʶʿڶԪģûСΪʶģǷӵеڶԪûм
Ϊħɢħ֮һ¼䣬ǼԳĴڣԴڶԪʮɵİտһγɹİ
˿ԪѾںϣȹʶΪ޾գȴһЩ飬Ҫȥ죡µĽұҪõڽЩУȴ̫˷ѣĿһ˴̶վ
˿̵ڵףԵúħһ㣬һͷɢڼϣһ֮ɫ
ϵף˷֮ɫһףǿϣһŨŨħڴֻħ޷գȴЩϧ
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ջر˵ͷһָԱ߱ˮӡĴ󺺣˵ˣҪ
һΣĬʱϳãڵ㣬ڣҪȡһң
ĿӣͷҪڣľ磡Լͨ
±ѣΪֶΣѾԼĳŵ㣬δа㹱ףԣȡһʱ̸£
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ӽҵʹߣ֮ϣʼʽսԴΪϣ㵽˻۶ȪĪҪҴĿھ
һȭץסǱˮĴ󺺣һΣ̶ֱ̤˲֮£ʧȥӰ
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ˣȻϣڶбȻȽɢ¶ϲɫֱĶʬ塣
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ӲϲбҪʩʱȻһߣ
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ɫ΢䣬ٴ˺󼸲ȭλѣΪֹȡʦܵʬ壿
ʦܣ֮ˣ֣Ų˵غ󣬱㿴ǰ֮˶ʬһϲɫ
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613 
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ǻѰ֮ˣǶٻᱻƭ
ĿһۣջĿ̤ǰȥɫ΢䣬˺֣İϵ̫ˣҿΪ֪ʿǴ˵ˡǴΪٸߣ̤ʬʮڣҲһɣҲţǱɢĽâɱԼķʽȡⱦʱҲҵģ
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赭д̤ʮУȴǼΪȻһҪӶݣʱһߴĶС
һָͣоԼִߣǱɡӰͷ
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沿鶯æ˵ǰϲȥаԹԣʦܴСǸˣܶǰĴ˱ĸţʦܻţ֪ǰȤҲһԥɱʦܣôһĳ
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һԵĿһУһɬİˣˡԪ񾫻𣬱㲻ˣȴһһĺ˶Źħ֮ˣȴǵùĿһУֻĪҪɱڡ
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ʬ度ģӸղЩɥǰΪߣԴȴЩΪʦܣ˿ĭղŵһУȻ£ͷۣȥ
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Ľûһʱѳ׵ĹΪá
ڳ׵ص֮ʱʶһ̲ǰԶһɽɢĿ΢ڵصһץԶһɽȻһֻ˶ޣ
һʶΪɢǽץ
չǰģһѹӴ󽣣һֻɫޣת˫Ŀ֡
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һգְѽФʮȫóα顭һץס󽣣Լʶ봢ڡ
⽣ФʮӵıǵУʮӵΪȴûг׵İѽУȴһ
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һ⽣֮࣬ǰȣȴ֮֡ǽФʮУ󲿷Ҳֻܰѽһóշġ
һ㣬ΪΪﵽʶڣӵĽΪʹõӸõĲٿأѾĨȥԼʶ⽣˱֮
һϽµӵİԶԶĳӣԸӼǿĽȴֻһǿ֮Ϊ֮
Ϊ˵ӣ̰ǽ֮رӣ򲻻ô
˵ĵмĹϵ޵ǰԵĵʹԼһУΪ̣˲֮
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ڣӵĵˣ˶Уǵ͵˳Уµ죬ǿײǿг֡
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֮أ˵սϣȴȫСĦչĴսȴǼΪټ
ÿ5000һεʿ룬Ҳֻһ̶ȵľſս
Ϊſƽһƣô޷Ӧ
ʿ˵ȴ콵ǻս;
˴˧λ˧ȫУ˧λĪ⣬еĵһīǡ
֮⣬ۣ٣
ֳɣֱӴɱԼڻ۶ϣ
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һֱ֣̲֮һŨŨɱɱһɢǧͬʱɢɱ֮£֮䶼
յİƱȡˮ
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ǶҪ̽飬˵вٱĿһǰһ̤ʧӰ
ӣīԱжˣǣҵĿֻ꣬īǴЩ졭۶ڣǺڷһһ棬Щ졭ŲƼ䣬¶˼֮ɫ


614 
Զ֮䣬һƬ⳾ˮһʱҲ޷£УףֳУϣŨŨɱ
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ӣ𾴡ΰӰһֻ֮ȴʹ˲ôӰѾʮûСˣҡüͷһ壬ֱһ´ɽڵ̷ɳ
ѧˣǵֲϲûдɽһ϶
һ֣̻ûΣۣɿ˰죬Ҳûֵ۽ڣɵ¶ѻ֮ɫ̾ϢĪСûԵôʮһ𣬻ȴһ
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ۿһۣ˵޷ҶֶŮʮȻ޺޲ѵĽ飬Ҳ
˵ţһץ̴֮޴Ȼֱѿһȱڣ۽һ
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ѻ֮ɫʱһɨգ֪С˵˾Աߣⱻѹ£¶һ֮ɫ۽˵ӣʮδү˵ţæ
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Ŀһ䣬˵ǽ꣬ȴ֮ƽʱôԴԣˣУ
ۿǵ۽ٴȴûֹɫִһӣһɹַ紵ǵ۽ϵĽâʱζ
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üͷ΢壬һ˿ΪﵽʶԶǵӤڣ۽ȷɵڣΪںһѽ
Ун˲䱻ıǵ۽Ҫڶ˿̣һץ۽㱻ץס
ֶ֣ŮЩƤЦˣ˵ǽ飬ȴһλѵŮΪһЩʣŻΪ塣Թĳ˵ҵŮһ㣬ݶͽϷ۹磬Ц˵Ŀ⣬ȴɨһһۣһƽҪһ㡣
Ŀ΢ɲһڸղŵ˲䣬Ȼǿȣ˿һʶڴԲʿ
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İ̾Ū㽩֣űԼǰ۸˫ȴǲܡ
ֵĽ飬˵ڸǵļãԼУĿڵаȴǼŨ̾һ˵֣īѾΪ˸˧˧һͬ·˿Ӧѱٻγǡ
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һֱϵ˫ۻһ֮⣬ɢ
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һУɲǼɣȪɨ֮£һŲƶӰʧ˲䣬ʳָǰһ㣡
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һ٣üĽâʳָȻϡ
ָ䣬
ͷһΣץס˴󽣣תȥ
ˮɾ䣡


615 ̰ǵȥ
Ϊֿͷ­ʱӡ˴˵ԪʶʿӤ֮ˣ
ͷߣ紵ɨת۱ʧȥӰ۵ûߣҪ֮á
ֻ۱֮ǲӣԵùڰ衣
߼䣬ûлͷǧһۣ̤նȥ
ͷ­ڣںԪʩչѻڻҪ֪Ϣ󣬺Ԫ񼸺ֱڣΪһꡣ
޽֮ˣ֮ڣ˸⣬Ȼһ̰֮ڰб̰ǡ⣬Ӧû˵Ǻ̰ǵòȴЩ졭ҿԿ϶δˡַУĿ¶
̰ǡ䣬ΪѾʶﵽ֮֮˾ͽϵʵֻ֮һüͷ壬˲ӱȻһͣ˰գһ
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ӿԴԪڳ׷ҲǻΣ侲Ľѡ
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ְ̾ԶĿһ㣬ڵĴ޽ڵӣԭˣԳΪסĩδȷٶҲ˻ɣԴ޽ڵ·ʽǻѯʡȴûж
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ֵĹʹΪ֮ڣܶ˵ûм֣ȴڿڿഫ£пһĴڣ޲Ĥݡ
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ʮڣ½һ˴ֵɱ¾֮뵽ս֮Уͬʱ겿ҲʼڳڵĲ䣬겿Ŀꡣ
ڵսѾеʮ꣬ϥɣԪ̻ɢħӡ׼׼ǰԼʵԸǿֻſԼ
ʮʱ䣬ϵɣʹʶڵΪӵȹ̡
Ըоģɢȥɱ¾֮˵Ҳɢģȴÿ춼ڳɳЩɱ¾֮ˣɱ¾Խ࣬䰲ȫԽбϣʵҲԽǿ
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⣬һƬԲʮĿհ׵أ⣬һƬƬὨңңȥ
⣬µ겿䣡
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Ҧϧѩϣǳ㣬Ǵһɫֺ֣ҧ˵Щʲôʮ꣬˵Ѿˣ㻹ô


616 ɵ
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ԣûĻڣЩףΪΣ׻˵㡭
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617 ڶӡ
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ĿӷˣȻִҪҽĿġ⣬ҵ֮ʱǰޱгĵӣ󲿷ֶѾʧֻǲ֪Щʦǵʧ٣Ƿ֮йء
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ǱڣһļΪСߣ֣ǵ̺ˣֿΪһ˼ΪٸߣֻҪûдﵽʶã


618 µı仯
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619 
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ĵСģʵʹﵽӤڴԲȴûаȥʶ

ֻֽﵽʮ󣬽ıԺ󣬿ʼƵƵ֣ϵץʿʹںϣٴĸ֡
ֵʲôͷôôǿģӹһ٣һѵڹǰѴϢǸʿСӶݼ䣬ķš
¶ŨŨȣƴȫҲⰫСܵ˿ͨ죬ֺ죬ɱ¾𣬶Ǳϵķ
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ȴǲ֪ⰫСߵĵСһֱļʮ꣬ӴǰץʿѡĶһЩСɵ䵥ӣֱŸҶһЩɶ֣ץڵϵӣⰫСһμΪ󵨵ı֡
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⣬ǿЩûһʹãֻ֪ƤëܷӰٷ֮һѾǼˡ
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ڵһʧȥӰֱ׷ޡ
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䣬ٴ׷̱źҪʲôҵɱʶˣôǲŹң
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Դӵõ˵ʱùһΣ뿴ʲôȴû뵽ȻԼסһ졣
˺ԥ˺ܳʱ䣬֮£һóǰԼ졣ֻеóʱסʵõһľͷ


624 
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625 ˪
СһȻ˫ۣ˵Ϸɽ֮ˣҶҲ㡭
û˵꣬üͷһ壬Ŀ˴һ̧ۣ֣˸â߷ϻѻͨУֱӰ顣
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ֵ˵ͷһץëʱУʱ̸ܵһŨŨת֮⣬һѹ̺ڡ
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629 ֮ս
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630 ɫӰ
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֮λΪԼ䣬ƺеĴ޽ڵӣԴΪġ
̰ǿ˴һۣ֪˵֮Щ޽ڵߣΪǵĴʦ֣
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ǴȻǱÿ5000һεĳϫڴ˵صʱѾΪԶʶޣΪ棡
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Ҧϧѩ˵ӵΪ֮ۺƣ˿ҲڳϫԨڡ
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633 
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ɳʵ֮ϲֻ̫࣬٣ֻͷָСټãԿܶ࣬ǰΧʮܣϵ
һĻһɶŮ˵һ¶һ飬𾪣
һıУһ֪Ϊοˣĸоˣ˿̣Ͼȥ˼£һ£ͬ𾪵ĶŽߣһץ
ŽϾӵĵӣΪϵߣ˵ûʶͨȴҲо֮˿Σ֮£͵ҧ⣬һԪѪ
ѪҺڰкƷڣ״ǱϣֵΪҲҪڳһӡ
кâһŽѪһ֮£̱һԡԾѪԪͨӣʿᣬһУȴΪ˺Ԫ񣬿νԲеķʽɱС
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кâṲ֮̃ʱһȪһָɨ֮Щۻ̾ڡ
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תɱһһ̷ܻƣϵЩɳ棬˿̸Ͳ֮£һһŽâɢĽ⡣
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ԵһĻټ֮ǰĽ׿ͨȫգԡŮע⣬Ľ׿гһ˿ɫͨ
һĿһ˿̰ɣɫ糣ͫȴһΩĽ׿оɫȴṵ̂ͼ֮
λѣǼɣɫ糣⻷ƵʮΧɳĽʹô˿̵֣һּΪ𺳵ĸо
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һ˿ȣĽֻʣһǲٷ֮һһ˿ԣѾļޡ
˲ϵųϫԨ·ȥˮ鿴ļԶȹ֮أĽ׿֮£˵Щȴһһȹ
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֮£ɾԵЩ㣬Դ˻ɺһ·ϸ۲죬ԽıԽȷ
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ֻҪǲҲԸҴŮ֮¡
Ľ׿ͨΪ֮ĿͨΪӣʼգûʩչͬͨ
⣬ԼΪսˣ˵ʤǲ÷ȴҲҪ˲ſʤûз
ӶݵͨҲ統İСһ죬ôӣ׷ϡ
ǰСԪڣȾ⳱ϫԨҪúõһЩͨ
Ľ׿£֣һգ˳ϫԨ·мѹ£Ǳ޵ˮҲ޷ȫ壬ֻܿš
ֵĿѾܽˣ޸Ӧ壬ֻڣԱ֮ҲѾȷĲ鵽
Ľ֣ĳ飬ǼȥˡֱȭһһƽĽ׿һֵۣϫԨ֮УĽֽʶĳοҪĳ֮Ľֵ˵޷
ֵԸ˵˻ΪѵãĽ׿һ·˵ĬԣóʱԱ̰
ûֲδ˵Ľ׿¶һ˿ѵõ΢Цֵ˵ͷû˵·ȥ
һĽ׿ĽСԡŮĳûпӦʬ֮ˣһضʬ帽Ԫ񣡡
Ľ׿ûпԡŮҲûκɫϵı仯ûֵĴһ㣬ȥֻĿ⣬ȴ˿£΢ɲһԾ
ʬڣ˵ɵǿ̶ȣԶԶѰÿһϣʬڵķ֧ڣǵ̫
ɶŮָͬ·ȥֻɣȴǵͷ䣬һ·˿һ˿ϷƮ䣬һԵķ϶ϡ
ӰԶԶʧ֮кâһĿԶ±ڷ϶һ٣һض̷Ʈָס
滹ǲߣָһ꣬˿֮϶ʱȼ̻һʶɢδΣֱſһԪ֮һ֮£һʶʱ
ϫԨ·еɣһһ˿ʺѪҺ¶һ˿


636 ӡ֮
жԷһĨ΢ɲʶ˿Ŀ¶֮ɫԷʶصļ֮ǰѾ⣬֮£ױʶܿ
ʬڵͨȷˣʶǺѱ֣պҪˡɵŮӣʶڷ˿֮ϣȻǱ壬˵棬ʬˡ
һ˿˼˵ϳɵݣ걻ǿū̩Щ
̩һʬʬֻһСͯȴΪ鶯ӵкǿΪ̩С֮ͯĹϵҲΪ⣬ƺǼ򵥵Ĳٿʬͬĸ塣
̩ʬֲɵ뵽˾ͽϣ˾ͽϱռСͯ
˾ͽ֪ںδӦĳϣүɡ¶һ˿׷䣬һ̵ɱ˵ɷǣһѵķˡ
̩ȸʬڵĴϣ˱ħͨӽǿգ˿ȴǲ֪ںδ
˼Ŀ⾼ܵԨ֧ѷ죬˵ѷ첻ʮûκϢҪԼȥһһѰҡ
ǰǱӡ֮أԣӡѷڣȻϢĿһչʶһһ鿴
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ܵѷȫ鿴һȴûκڵļ
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˵ڳϫԨײ赶ɱԻһЩȴǼΪѰ
ֳ䣬ʶٴɢһΣ֮ǰҪ棬ϸϸеѷ죬ϧȻ
ֳĬϢһĴ֣һ֮£̴ڷɳǧǿĻǣٿ֮£ЩǶʱɢÿһѷ졣
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һǧǷɻأ˫ۣɫѿ
еѷҶϸѰңûκϢĪǹޣڴҲɣһ˦䣬кâ˸̣Ŀһ
ԣҲ˷ӡԵѷڣ򡭡¶ĽݺᣬߣŽ̺һ˿⾳
еĳɢȴ֮һ˰ԵĿ⡣
⾳ǰԵİԵԿһءߣĿİԵ֮ɫԽԽŨ
ҷӡһõĽ顭Ҳ򵥵ķӡҪҵİԵ֮£ұһǧ꣬һ꣬ٲһ壬ɷҲҪң
ЩԵѷ죬ҲȥѡҪѡӡҲбҪԭ򡭡ӡһѡ񡭡аԵ֮ɫŨһ㣬Ŀһɨһѷ֮Ŀհ״һһɨ
аԵ֮ɫɢһεζĺ飬ͷڳڰԵ֮ɫȫʧһ̣һΣɫ԰
Ľڵ⾳̫Եֻǽ֮Щˡת֮£һĴɽʱɳ֮ģ䵶
һץסɽŲǰ̤ȻһתɽɢĽɨΪģһжʱΡ
ƣһͺȣȻͣ£һ˲䣬нһܷĳȥݺᣬԵԨ֮ڶʱһƣУЩԽԽ࣬ռ°λá
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һײ֮£ֵӶʱ׳ֱײ˶Ԩ֮ϣһԨִ̳֮֮ƣֵӣı档
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ΪղŴֻһˣǾ
µɱʶµʿ򣬵׵ʲôΪ
ʶԲ޵һĽֻжȹʵĿ飬̤޵ĵڶҲ
ÿһ綼ΪСԲĸ׶Σ˵ڵڶĩβҹڣĶ֣Ȼ̫пǶԲ
¶һ˿ִţӵȣΪʵ΢޵ĵһûԲȴִţԴʱ̤翪ʼһ·֮ϼȫŬһһﵽڵĳ̶ȣΪһʶǿߣ
ʶǿЩ޵ﵽ˵ڶʿУϣڵһУﵽʶһ
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һʹ֮ӡϢǿһ֮£ͬԪڵһҲ飡
һĴħ׻˿ߣħɢ䣬ף
ʮɳΧĽܻƯһݷ
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¶֮ɫǰһֱһɴСȱڶȥ


637 

ֲɽǶݵһ̣ȴֶӡĿڡ
һΪ˳ŮӣԸȼҲֵˣĳ飬ˣȼ֮еȴƺҹһ㣬һ̣һĻˣȫݡ
ʶֻ֮֮ΪְػŮʬ
˼򵥵Ҫ󣬵ȴǰһȫ
˺֮ɽĽ飬ǰŮʬĲл꣬ȴɢҲڡһ̣ȫǰ
֮ʣûĽԽֱ֮׷գնһ̵ΪѰΪǣңѾȥ
ֵһʵļ֤Ĳпᣬ֮ˣǸ˼ΨмһЩˣ˾ͽϡ졢߳
Ϊֻǻǰֻһ۵Сգ̤ʶ
ĺһȱڣ̤룡
Щ飬֪ΣգΪһִˣǱҪȥ
ʮֻսΪнȴ赲ֵĽŲ
̤ȱڵһɲǣ̺żΪŨİԵĳƻʵʵĽȻ
ԵͬһſͱصķֱӴ֡
ᦺĻͬҵڻһγһ֮Ļ赲Ĵ롣
̫ǿ֮£ڻᦻķĻȻֱӴ͸ԥĴ֡
һ̣һ˿㣬֪˿̲ǰߣ˿ҲûоĻᡣ
֮һ֮£ȥհǰ˺󣬼Ҳǻһ
м㻯ϣһһɲǣŨХ
ֶ˵ǰһӣܵЩɫ˲ȫâ¡䣬ϣֻһɫĵеĽϷɳߣȫ֮ʣԥģٴ̤һ
Щɳ棬̱һ룬ӽӲӽϵ䣬һ˦봢ڡ
һ̤˱֮ղŻҪŨһ֮խѷڻصγ໥ںϣ֮ŭһ㣬ɨҪһдߣȫ
ᦻǣ޷赲ٴαֱ֮ӡħϡ
һ˲䣬ħħֵӣ̸оһ޷ָ֮оԼˣ
оϾǸоԿһȴѹой֮ɫŨԪڱӡɢħ֮꣬һΣų
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ħֵɲǣֵϣӿֳִϺδйħħڣʹħ꣬״ʵ
һڶʱһɷ籩ϢаԵ⾳ĴܶħͺһħĿڣȻһ˿
ʱԪ𶯣̲ħĲȣԥԪһ͸üĴħڣǣڵӡӡ˵ȣϾҲǿ̻˽ꡣ
˿ǣ֮£ħ̱üģͬħףƺҲյǣ˿У˿봢Ųǰһ̤һΣֱʮɣ
̣Ա֮ǰΪŨĳѷХ֮УԼ
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޷ֿûף˿ֻ̣ʣʮ֮ӡǵɲǣʮ֮ӡԼٶ˲仯򣬽֮ʣĵֿֻ˲Ϣ֮ӡѸ͵ı
ͺһһĴ̷ɳ׹˸Ȼ仯ޣ
һһ֮£ֱӳǰײһϴ׹ͬһ򣬷֮
޵ӣڵɢĵ⣬ײ֮£ϵ˺
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˿ֻħָ£ЩʱħԪ֮еɢħ֮Ϣ룬̱ޱȾħ˳ָ
һʮ
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ֻкâһ֮ӡתΪɱ¾֮һԪ⣬ȫһָ֮£һֱӳ
ĽֲŲ޴֮ʱóֻҪһ֣̳ΪԷ֮
һ̣ϫԨƺڲѷԨ֮ϣһһʯƱһ֮һ㣬ȻԨ֮룬Ư
еͨȻײһɲǣ޸ǿдһ춯صӻһ޴׵磬ֱֵͨ
ˮڵĳϫԨڣ̴һ֮ʣ治ϵ𶯣͸һ㡣
һ̣Ԩ·Ľ׿ҲͬܵϷǿƿµĲԵԡŮҲ̧ͷϿȥ¶
̫ˣ⡭ѵַĲɣɵĵһ˿ֻȥʶĲޣʱɢ⣬ˣԼǡ
֮⣬ǿƸ˳Ԩ֮ڲϵشֱӴݵԨĵײϫԨײһȣʱصϡ
ȵӣһԲεġء֣мͨǲ֪ȥĺڶΧǻ֮·
ڻȵһһѴ󽣣ؽڵϣ˿̲ɢ֮ʣ˽ɶ
ƾȵĴݣԶԶɢ˿̣ڻ£ǱסĴ޽ڵĿյϣһֱĿ̰ǣͻȻ˫Ŀбһ⡣
ϢĪǰˡԣϢģȴֻһ֡Ϣ⣬һɡϢİʱĪҲΪƶ
̰ǿɨһߵļ޽ڵӣٴα˫ۡ
ƴѾ̰ܵ⣬û˲
޽ڣһۣϥ֮е˫Ȼء


638 
ӡһ۵̧ͷһƬ䡣
Ϸӡǽ֮Ϊأᱻ˷ֻ֣ҪǽĴ޷ѷӡƬ̣˫ۡ
ϫԨڣӡѷУȫ紵ɨĴ֮ӣŵŵ˺һͷƮɢ¶â
֮ǰһĵȴҲǼ޻ɢòƬƬâصڡ
Ҳһȱڣֻ˲䣬ȱڱ£ۿҪȫʧ
Ѫӿദ裬תв˳û̵ǽһ̤ͬǣȱڳ룬ֱѷ
һ壬չȫ٣һ֮
˴ѷ첢û֮ôһ壬ֱ̤ѷϢλã޵ɢһ˿
ôߣٴν٣һΣ֮дһޱȰԵֱֶУӲĺˡ
ѷ죬˿Ļص£̷ֻ֮һϸ΢ѷϳ֡
Ԫ£ήңһѪֿɫɲǲ԰ס
̫ǿֵӡʶӵǿͨˣǸʲôĴڡ
ĿһһĴжദһ˾Ө͸ëʣֳɱʣѸǰһ̽˸һĳ֡
һ֣ʹڵѷ죬˲
ֺԥٴһʡʡıʡûκͣ٣ֱӻ߱ʣ
ֳɱʺһεӷģ֮ǰɳʱҲֻǵһʷİˣ˵ʮȴΪ򵥵һʡ
ÿһʻֶĸоԼԪһ˳űʼڣ߱ʷģں߹Ԫ
߱ʣֵļޣõɱʺ겿֮ʱ㳢Թܻڰ˱ʣΪԪ޷ֳɾŷݣ
֮ڴһݣ߱ʷĸһݣҲܷǣȫԪУɻڰ˱ʣ
ڵ߱ʻڵֵͬҰ͸ȫ뵽߱ʷϡ
߱ںΪһһԲεķģĵӼΪ죬̺Ǭĳ֣ͬյ̫£ѷһ㣬һâֹǴۣԪҲᱻʹ
ɼ֮ʣķ䣬߱ʷģǳ׵׵ͨĹâ͸Ԩ֮ڣܷһ͸
˿̣ѷȥĿԨ֮ڣ͸ââϵӣɲǼ䣬ʼˮϫѷ죬ȫӳ
߱ʷ̺ߵʶʹĵĲٿأԼһֱѷƮȥ
ڷĵĽ⴩֮£ȻҲɢļ󣬵̣ɢֹͣͺȻһΣȻûΣӣ
һ۵˫Ŀ¶Ե֮ɫ̤䣬Ӱٴã˻һֱĶȥ
뽣ײϫԨҵĻصĴݣµ𶯣ʹѷ˲̮Ⲩ̫ǿȻʹˮڣദʹ֮ˣ׷𾪡
ɫ԰ףѪѪ̺ŴڵϣֱγɴƬغۼ
ģѣ߹Ԫһڷѵ˲䣬صڡ
Ľ˿̴ΪϵķâȴǲķģϾͨ˿˵ȴ㣬׵İѽΧγһΡ
˵޷õסȴסһʱ
Ԫ޵ߴˣ
һƬͨ죬ɱ¾֮ӿ֣ȻߵһҲû˺ĿܣȻǰһ壬ֱԾסֱѷ
һٽ
ǰϣһͨɫ壬壬
˫Ŀգ¶ãȻ֮ɫȫü⣬ȫɫЩɫӵһ㣬ϲϵ䶯һƬƬ˿ͼҪüĵһâɡ
·ĵϣһɴС󷨣˿˿𣬻һģڡ
󷨵Ķĸ򣬷ֱİѱһİѱɢصס
ͬʱİѱϣ֮ϣƮȭͷСĹһӴɢ
ǰ꣬ٴο˿̵ȫѾƣüĵĽâɢԷ᳹׵Ϊ֮ѵһ̡
ӡ󷨣Դ֮Ϊɻħ󣬴ǿصȴǵϵİѽ
СΪİԪ֮İѽԪ֮ͶӰΪֳĵƮϣһʹô
ƮһԴˮĹл꣡
֮Զǰ͵͵֮ذӡΪˮĹл꣬һЩ˴֮ϵ΢
ѷ֮һڵصףֱˮ۶Ĺ֮ӣʹˮĹл꣬ʱ޿̴˳ŰգתΪɻħķӡʴ塣
ˮĹл꣬һʽף⽻ӡ˵غǴԼ
ſŸл꣬˼ˮĹǴѰһܳ壬ʹԼ׵߳һ̽Ϊȴȶ
ֻҪüĵĽⱻɣɳΪˮ壡
Ҳδ֪Ǳɽ׷һֱŮʬǿɽ֮飬ӵĪͨټŮʬָӡˣ˫ΣΪǱ
⽣һϧһд۷ɢɽ޵ıҪ֪֮ɽ֮ɽһ˵õһѣѽǰȴǲó֪һó̱ᱻٿء
˵ǿ󣬵ȴָӡͨˣӡ̫ǿǼļʶº䣬Զ϶ָӡɾʩչƷΨɵ۲ſʩչ
һָˣһټʩչΪ֮ıʹΪǱ
ǿɣҲֻǱˣ֮󣬰֮أ˵죬׵ס˴ˮԼ
˱һãȴû㵽ֵĳ֣һУȫı䡣
ѷڣ֮ϵϣɢŨŨģڵöŵһ̣Ѿˣ


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Ů˫ЦԼ˵ȤĽƣǲࡣ


642 
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ɫޣ˻һӵͨʱһᣬɫ޳һȣͬ⣬˲ֻԱߣ޴ĿȻ£ֻ̰޴͸һֻ޶ʱήʬӰˤ¡
ɫתĿ˿ܣ̷˻˴֮Ҳ໥ɱɫ޻Ⱥȥϣ͸һɲɣ


642 ֵ
ɫڣ̰˫΢ɲĿأɢһ⡣
˵ǿϷħٿأ޷ɳϷģޣǲٿһȺȺ̫죬պǱʹúˣ϶ˣҲ̸֮룡̰һ˿⡣
ӽ⳱ϫԨʼһֱڲԼļƻԭƻһӦ룬һѷڣ˴Ϣ֮еʱǴ󾪣űǿϲ
̰һûй̶Ưǿգбǰˡ̰ǲȥޱ֮ءĳƺ
һȥ֮ʵ̫࣬ޣ
һΪǿգ̰ҲΪѱ˵׷ɱŲ·һԶǿմͶһ֣㿴һǵһĻ
һƬ˻ɫϢǿգĿֻһ򣬴ɫɫ
⣬鼸ޱ޼ʵޣ໥֮ںһɢѹ̰һ˲䣬ԥĴӴѸٴͻȥ
׷ɱԼĵˣҲЩֲޡ
ڳϫԨѷڣ޺бһ뷨СļԼıħ룬Ԫϣʹ˳ѷڽķȥ
еޣϢ֮У̰Ķеľ⣬ΪСģ°޳ѡ
ձҵޣħȫɲǣ̰ӳѷ졣
ǣ˳֮ǰ˵ͻȻְסһĻҲ̰Ǽƻ֮Ϊؼĵط
̰ǿܵĴ޽ڵӣĵЦ
Щ϶ĵӣǳ⣬֮ˣһ⳱ϫԨϷ֮غ󣬱Σȷڣӵ˫Ŀһ֮
ֻЩ죬ҵĹ۲죬Ҫضʱſɳ֣ңƺҪһЩƷ̰Ǻɨһ԰ڵ޽ڵӡ
Ϸ˼ĽͰСһסĸԸΪƷҪʹĽô鷳
ɫһˣ̤ɽĽӽ꣬ԶԶأǰɫΪŨγʵһ㣬׵İǰĵ·סͨ޷ӻ뿪
֣ҵĽʶ޷͸Ϊ죬ҲԷģڱס֮ˣҲȻ޷ʶ͸֪Ĵڡɽڴ
ֵͷ¶˼ԳϫԨʱ޿̶ڣΨתȫſסӡ
üͷһ壬ʱȻڴ󲨶Ŀһʶֳһɽ봢̾Ϳڽ겻кâ˸
ֵʶ˻
ջʶΪ죬һֱֽ꼸ٳ֣һһĴ̴ڷɳ
һɳ˻һǰĿһ̴ɽ̤׷ޡ
ɽڵһ
ƺûκӰ죬ֱӱڣʧ
һЩ²׼޵ôˣ֮һ˿ϵڣֳĬƬ̣²ǿ֮ʱ̾һջ˼ڣϷȥɽ߻ƣʶɢʱ̹۲ܡ
̰ǲûвʿӽ֮ǰ֮ԿԲײΪǲֱ˳Ԩʯڴݽ֮ڣԣŻ֪
Уַлľ裬Уʶû̫ãǰȫŨŨ֮ӡü˸㸲֮ΣΪȡֵĻᡣ
ɽߣУȻ
֣ǰʮһƬտˣһΪʣ˵װȴЩϤ
ˣĿһ
Ҵһ˲䣬ڣʶһ֮ȥƬƬֱʮĿհ״ֻоǰһɢʿУ
ǣ̾ϳ˵ݣ
ʱȻеߣȻ˫Ŀһâ֮£˺ȵλˣϷ̰ǣ
̰ǵһȣʹܴ޽ڵɫ䣬׷͵վӣΩǳһ˿֮⣬ϸĿ֮͸һ˿ϲ
ʶѸٻصУʧ̰ɫѿһһĴԥһ£ɿ֣ûȡ
ԷʶΪ죬Щ׼ʶƺֻʶΪȴǻһʶڣʶǿڸ̺һĽ⣡
ԷΪ֮ǰ̰ǲԸǵˣδӵ龳磬ʶڴԲʼ޷ָ۷塣
⵹˵˾ͽжôǿ󣬶Ƿʵеʿһ˵侳磬ҪָҪ֮ǰŬϾʵ⣬޵һڶ֮һΪҪĹȣƼɵĹؼ
˾ͽϣܵһټʵǾˣҲȻΪָ
̰˵ΪʶԲյͨȴȻʶʿӵУټõķ龳ʿҪɱҲҪֽţвᱻ̰ӵ
ֻصڣԹ塣
УǴ޽ڵĵӣʣһˡ̰ǣṵ̂Ϲ͡
޽ڣˣѹҸղŸоϤ޽ڣ֣׼ô죿ɽڴ
һ˵ǰ㲻Щô̰ǵΪܸߣǴ޽ڵĵӣÿҲһĽ֪ڰǰʧ٣˵а˳ɰտԿ϶Ǳ꣬ʲôĿԲڴ˴
ǰղûз֣Ǵ޽ڵУһˣһ˿ϲɫΪղһɨ俴ʶڣܴﵽʶߣһĻԵİϲɫ¶Сϲɫһźţ
¶һ˿΢Ц֮â޽ڵĵӣȤĨϲɫڸǣ̰ǣһˣϲɫȲŶԣ
ɽ֮ӰûĿһۣ𺳣һΣֵܵĿ£ֵΪֻʶڣʶʶ֮Ƕȹ˳ϦĹؿ
ĿУ֣һȻ͸мȴûͬȵݡ
ڣжֵӡڶԷĻµ˲䣬췭ظĸı䣡
Ļ֮۲֮ƽټǣΪ£Ǵ¹ϣˮ̶̲ǧﵽΪǽң֮ǰȷС


644 һ
¶һ˿΢Цûȭǰһ󡣡
֣˵£
¶֮âڵǰɢʶޣڣҪȥһ̰Ǽˡ
ԼȥҪСġ˵ͷֵĻղ֮ºеķΪͬ
΢΢һЦ˵ǰģ̰Ǹղֻǳֹû׷˼ɣԸɡ
̾к¶ֻͣͨһЩ˿뵽һǳܼ
һ˵ǰһ²⣬̰ǵĿģܿһƣƣǼ˪ǰ֮Ψһ;ԡǰĪҪ֣
һ˿â֣ľǣ
ֲٶһȭת̤У̰ڷȥ
ʵʼڣʶ鿴Ҳδһð취ֻȻѾ̰Ƿ֣ʼԶԶԼǰȥĲ鿴
⻹һصԭ򣬾Ҫ̰ǣʶʶԼ
ֿȷԼ֮ǰδ˼
Уʶɢǰȥʮľ룬˵Զ˵Ҳûãֱ̤ǿտ֮
ֵӳɲǣĿȻ
㡭֣޽ڵˣһϳֵݡ
һɱȻӴ޽ڵĵϴ޽ڣ໥֮ӣ治Ҫԭ򣬱ɱ
Ŀƽɨһˣ̰ϣûͣһɨ
̰ǵıûκα仯ֳֵֻɲǣۿϡ
³߿ϵ֣һͳӳд
ɫ糣û˵ڵȣҪЩ޽֮ˣĸԸǱҪĸԸ֤֮ǰ²
֮Ҵʦ㻰ȻҲش𣡡һһ޽ڵӣﱻ꣬ĸȻﵽ޷Ƶĳ̶ȣ˿ҵһͷ̴ȣӸ̤󱦽ɳһն֮£ݺ䣬ϻûһֻ˫Ŀɢâĺ
Ϣɫһаڱ֮ϣ֮Уֱֶ
ΪֻӤڴԲ˿ȴں㣬ϾͬˣҴʦֻڣȻԼԿ
⣬Ĵ֮ôֿǽƽųѾ϶޽֮ˣӦǱĻǱ̫ʱ䣬Ȼĸꡣ
оһҪ˵ʱֶˡ
֮ӡüȻһȻɢγһ֮Ļһ㣬նаһ
һ֮Укâ˸֮ӡֳһɣڰ˲תΪɱ¾֮Űɢһ̻ƣգۼס
Ա߼޽ڵӣǰ׼֣ʱȵ£
˵ţ̤һ˫ָɽһ뱻ɱ¾֮Χߣָ̺֮ͨɲǼΧȦ󣬳һϣ߷ɡ
תߵɱ¾ֱ֮ȭѣʦ³çЦˡ
޷ƽΧɱ¾֮һתıסɨ֮¾ߡ
ųԼ޽ڵӵ棬ץס֮һ֮£⽣ϵʶĨȥȻ봢ڡ
߷ɵᣬĨһѪ֣㣡
Ȼǳѵʦܣĳ֮£⣬˽Чȣɫ糣ƽ˵
Ŀûа仯΢΢һЦ˵ˣתͷĿһۣұ죬֮ˣن£ҴʦΪ
ȻԳΪɵ˿ŵŵ˼һԳĬ
ͫ΢ɲһ̤޽֮˳жĲ²⣬һУȻǰ֮סɫûа仯
һУ˵⳽Ļ֮⣬Ҫһ㣬֤֮ǰĲ²⣬Щˣ
ʱ̰˫Ŀһۣɭ˵СޣѣΪβ
̰İ˼ֵʶֳֵ˲䣬ְס
ڸղŵϢ䣬˵Ŀͨȴε
ֻΣÿθҪ֮ʣڵʶƾһ㡣
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ֲɫ˵ԸƧϲ֡ǰҲǴ޽֮ˣ
̰ǿһۣ¶һ˿Ц
΢΢һЦ֣ܵλǰ̰ǣʦһĸˣǰˣΪֻܷʶڴԲĳ̶ȣҲ˰֮ã
⳽򵥣İһ仰򣬱һж
̰ǰ¼ȻڵҲǺһһ˵߳ȺİΧ˵
Ⱥɫ糣ȴ⡣
̰ɫƽҪܾĿһԶУֻڸղŵһ̣Ƴ鶯һ㣬һ¡
˳һۣ̰ǵͷȻżϷپܾ㶨ỳϷйˣٴһαǣ
æҡͷ˵ңֻǱ̫ãЩ֮صʦܡ
̰ЦһΣӵԾ𣬵ǰ·ֱǰȥ
һȭ֣֮Ƿһԣ˵ֻҪ޷ȥֻһǰϧһȺΧסҪȥͱҪͻΧ
ֵͷ볽Լĸ޽ڵӣһͬɳַ̰֮֮֮ӡԵ̷
ʵֹҲͨˣʱ͵Ϯ༸޽ڵӣǿֵĿ⣬˶񶾡
˸˼ںֱǰڷȥ
̰ǰ裬һ޵ʶɨָоԼ΢ע⣬ʶɶ
ģʲôʱİ֣̰ɫ
ٶȼ죬ûãٽڴıԵôŨܣϡɼ档
ʶǿɢ鿴һС
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̰ǣҲûϵ㣡
Ĵޣ鷢ҵ̱㿴˳֣׷̧𳤳ؿ¶ŨŨâ뱩Ű
˿̣һԵֵޣ¶˴ӣǰܼͬ࣬¶ãȻ
ڴʱԼоһ佹ǵϢϢһδܹȴһּΪϤƴһĸо
ӴڷɳǻϢ֮һּӴЩµԥ
ͬӣһ㡣
УҲһЩڱԵλõģͬ࣬Ҳһâ˫Ŀ̶˲䣬Щ޵׹ɢȡ֮ģһɻ
⼸ֻ˻ǰȥֵԱת˼Ȧ޴Ŀʱǰ£գǷɻȺͷ˻ƺ
ֵһԥȥʧȺڣһĻûע⵽
̰ӰıԵ΢һ٣ʱȻ͵תֱĶֻϢ䣬Ȼӿ
ӿһȫͣڸƱһľ촫໥Ħɵ
һ˴޽ֵ⡣
̰пϲ֮ɫһղű㷢쳣ԲŻͬ⳽Ҫ󣬴˿һĴ̶ദһС
˶һ̰ȫһţ
һ˲䣬񰵶ʱȺڣһХе˻һֶ֮ڣʹԽĸꡣ
ŨӿǴܱԵʼһǶȥĿ⿨Ԩ֮еԼٶȣ
ɫ䣬̱ҪǸһֻ̰ǵĴЦһ˦һ˳֣ʹô޽ֹ֮
Ϸ˰꣬ڵȵһ֮գǣΪƷȫϷɣ̰ǵڻص
кâһʱص
֣ӿ֮ʱԵйסһʿӵɸ޷ȥȴЧҿɴ
ֿһǰ޽ڵӣһ˿ϣûȥ


645 ϣ
Եλãγһƾ޽ڵγ޷ڴʴУһʧȥ˴ľһ㣬̬ήҵͬʱӿꡣ
һ޽ڵʩչĽȻҲûκã˲㱻ա
ɫ䣬͵תźеּ֣Σѣɷ֣
֣Ϸ򱾲ôɱ㣬Ȼײϴ£˭ҲȲ㣡̰ǵ⴫
Ŀһû˵ȥ˿ܵɿ˵ˣһǱԵʴ˵Σա
ѣ޽ڵҲˣ
ѣĳԱҲ㣬£ҡͷʧڣɽǻ
㣡ɫ̾һǴ޽ˮݣԷԸ֣Ҳס
ֻԥһЩ¶̰ǷĿʦ͵ĽԿ̰ǣҲͲ³һ˿ڡ
Ҳףʦ֣̰ǱϾǰˣֲǲ֪ʦڣ׼һʤ˵пܳԼ⣬ʦȫ
Ϊһɣ˵Ĵۣԣԥ˰꣬ʼûйϣ
˿̣Ѹתۼ䣬СʮԵҲԽԽŨ޽ڵˣǲϵغˡ
֣ٲߣ֮ҲѳЩڻص
ٵȵȣĿ˸ڣԶ޽ڵӣ¶â
ˡĵѱкâŨ
¶ˣһߵʦܣ˫ۣȻ䣬͵к¶ϣ
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⣬֮ȴ֮ǰ˵ĽҪŨ˵һȼ֮£
⽣СضɵԪ̻֮ĸ֮ڵһʮһФӵĽһӣ֮䣬̫
ΪӵԳźڣԼûйϳ֣
һ֣ʹܲҲΪ֮һ̰ǣ¶âͿ⳽ЩԾʵȻ²⡣
̾˲ɲǣȻ䴫֮ƾҵĦһ㣬ȫ˻⣡
գƣ¶һϸ΢ȱڣڽĴ£ͻƶǲʦһͬ뿪֮£¶һˣûпͻΧɹ
ڳ˲䣬̳ŨĻУһƬɫ֮˸Ϳκα仯Ҳ޷
ڵĸ޽ڵӣһ¶ŭλʦܣˣαؾ֪Ҳڣλʦңɱ˴ˣһ׮ź
һɱ޽ڵɢˣȻҪôǰҲҪ֮ɱˣǴ˳֣ǻһ
֣㲻ȥʲôм
ǰ㽣ʶˣĿһӰ磬ʶ޷͸ڣһ㡣
֣ʮϢ֮㼴㷴Ҳߣ֮ʣʶһɨ˲ڣ޽ڵˣ
ٶȷ磬ֱһˣΪֻӤڣʶɢЧĿʧһ㡣
˲䣬ֻоһ棬̣㻯磬ȥģͷ
ͷŴ˵Ԫ˴˱һĿꡣ
߲ٿرķ겻͸۾ֻ֮ܿ߳ڣ⣬һƬ
ȻǰһƿһӰ
˭һбֱֶڣ䱦ֵɲǣһƣĺ󾱣ֻоԪһڵ˲ţһҽй˸ʬ
ֻ˲䣬ĽȻͬӣһͬ
˫Ŀͨ죬ʧȥ˱ֺ֮֮ǣ˿Ի˳ȥĽתֻҪз紵ݵأ̺ԥͷųȥ
ʱǰڷ˳¶֣
ҪͷĽȻǰڴʦ繷
ʦ֣Ұ
һͷŽջأҪ˵̣һֱֻϢԱߵʳָüġ
˫۹һѪ͸ʣոջأٴͷţȴû˻ᡣ
ʮϢʱպãǿд֣⣬
ϧǲһְ̾
ĸ޽ڵӣ֮ǰǰѣֻȡѽ
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ǻصȻĸӵĴ޽ڵӣֻ˱ܣˣǽȴǼΪɵ
ۼ֤һĻ֣һ˿´󵨹ϣ»ˣҪ뿪Ͼȥ˼顣
ȴ֪±֮ħڵ˲䣬ϵİȣʵ㲻ʲô
˿Ѿɡ
⣬ɫĽɢĿ֮⣬ܣΧޣ˻𲻶ϵشչɱ
̰ǣҿպʦ𽻴
̰վԶԱȫޣЩһΪŰ͸âȺڲϴХǽһ˶ϣǲ̰ǣ
ǿޣӲٿȺ̰ҲҾЩ̫ЩԸбͲܱѱвᱻ䷴ɡ
ֻֻϰ٣Ҳ̫ϵǧҲֻɫ䣬ޣ
һβͷƤ飬ǲٿأҲС
ʦ֪£нͣңܷ֪˵
ʱֵӰڳ̤ɽŨĽХ
ֵĳ֣ʹ̰кâһЦ񰵶ȺڵХȻһ䣬ʱһȺ޺Хֱֶȥ
̰ߣûֱɱ֣׼Ԫ˾ͽϵ䣬ڶ⣬ֵ˲䣬̴ϲһ˿˾ͽϵϢ
ǰХޣ¶һ˿Ź֡
һɲǣȻȺڣһХȫȡ֮ǰХͬʱһɫӰֱӳֱֶӰֵޣ


646 ̰ͨ
޺Х䣬ֵһȺͬ࣬һɫ磬ֱֶȥɲǣֵߣ޴ĿĦ˻д˷ܡ
Ⱥֵޣ˿ȫһ٣˵Ȼ¶âȴŨŨɻ
һĻ̰ĿɿڴԶĳҲбһžâ
̰ɫ˫ȵħ룬ӡ
ȺʱһХ̴Ⱥɢͷϲ߸ľ޴ޣķɳ
ͨ˫Ŀڣ¶֮ɫĶ̰ǣͷϵ룬̰ǵĵͺУ³磡Ӷʱһ֮ɫŨ
̣Ŀһ˿Ȼ̧ͷХһ͸һŨŨ⣡Ŀ⣬һ㣬ֵϡ
ֵһ漴һȣ뿪ֱͬȥɲǼ䣬Ǿ޴޵ıϡ
޴ĿȻֱӴǾ޴޵ڣһ֮£Ǿ޴еʧȡ֮ģһ˿ѡ
˲곡Ǿ޴ӲϵؿήֵޣͽϵɫŨһֻ֮ͬſԲϢŨɢ
һĻļ죬ֵ͵̧ͷĶ̰ǣſڴһХ֮ʣеޣ˻ȫĿ⣬붢̰ǣХУ̳ȥ
̰ͷƤ飬˫ֱ仯ʱ߸Ǹɿݵڳߵâ̷ɻأγһĻ̤䣬̴һԳ
ӺˣʳָȻǰһ㣬ֱָ̰Ƕȥ
ԶĳڰΧܵȫɢ˿Ҳ¶âԥ䱳󽣶ʱɳһ˫Ŀ͸аĺ䣬Ľֱ̰ǡ
˵֮ǰûϹΪһеģȡʱ̰ǵ·ϣ
̰ͫһ֪ԼܱΧסĻǱɣһԼ꣬ΣĳҲ˿˺䣬ӡצֱӰһԵԨ֮ϣкȵһʽ
һצȻԨ֮ڳЩ̫࣬һһ𣬺һɫٲһ㡣
ɫٲ̧̰𣬷·Ԩ֮ڳд˿˸â˲ٲһ˦
Х䣬ֱӺȻƳգֵļָһ̱ɣɫָ磬ɲǼΪɫ漴
Ľ꣬ҲУٲײһ𣬺¡¡ľȻڱŤŷɻأץС
СҲϷ̰ǣ̰ǴУӿ˺ۿҪ޵İΧ
ǱԴ˵ͨսӣٿģ
֣ĪҪһɱգұɣȵſһԪѪ˱֮ϣʱǱһϳѣ˲䣬ȻƤһм
ЩмѪٴλһһ֮£ԱȸղŸҪƣٴγ
Ŀһüһ̧֮һɱ¾֮ϸ˿һ㱻üĳָⲻϵѹʮʮһǧһǧΨһ
Ԫڵһñ֮⣬ȫɱ¾ָ֮һŨŨɱ¾Ϣܣһָɱ¾֮
齣ӵɱ¾ɾ̰бâ⾫âУȴг֮ʣ˵ϧյͨȴͨǿϷУȴ̫
̰һĴʱڷɳһСɽɽֺӭǣ˲㻯һɴСɽ壬Ʈ˰ա
ɽ֮Ͽ˷ģ˿Сɽı仯ЩĹ˸
̰ٴγצֱӰɽ֮ϣкȵʽ飬ɽ꣡
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647 
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ΪѰһȴǹĪ⣬˵εõô෨һ̰ǡ
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֣ϷҪм˾ͽϣΪϷôǷȸǴ꣬꣬ϷҲܰѺܶǰ޷ʹõķ˲٣̧̰䣬֮϶һ硣
һ֮£̱תۼ仯ʮɴСϻһīɽˮƣ⡣
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ɫתĽһΣԿֱԨ·ȥ̰ǵĵڶԪ񣬼ף׷


648 ̫
ХУչȫٶȣһֱ·ȥϾˣ˵̰Ƿڶ࣬ҪսʤȴЩѡ
ԼҪģǾ룬ʱ䣬ȴ
̰Ƿ̫࣬ڲ֪ʲô֮ǰʤҲҪһЩʱ䡣üͷ΢壬ƿ·ۡ
̰ǵĵڶԪ׷ᣬڶԪͨ徧ӨͬһˮСˣܣɫɿĻƳȦ
·⻷Ƶһһƿ˫¶⣬ֱĶԶ֣һġ
򣬷ֳŸһſͬ飬ǼʸһѸ͵ƿĺХֱֶȥ
ס͵ػͷһĴ񳵴ڷɳڰγһȻ󣬻һͷ͵ޣ
֮ޣϢĿ磬һɨ֮£ǾŸХ򣬲ٶû졣
ſһʱǾŸ˸УȻûг֣˲Ϣ䣬㱻¡
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ףһһԵĺò죬ǱĵҲ̤һ˲࣬漴ƵĿ⿴̰ǵĵڶԪһۣ³׷֡
󣡡̰ǵĵڶԪ⣬ɳƵĳ
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̰ǵĵڶԪ񵽵ʲô壡ɫ˿·ԽԽŨĽǿֳŽȴǺӰ죬ͬףߡ
̰ǵĵڶԪ񣬽׷ᡣ
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ŽǻƺȻֻ̳һ裬ʼ޷״ڶԪڡ
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¶ЦԥĽɢ֮ʣѸӶݣԶԶرܿ
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粻ֲܴͬǵһν룬֪˵㣬ӺתȫűԵ


649 󣬵Եȡ
ȴǲ֪׷Ӻ̱֮һɢÿһⶼӵˮͰϸܵĿԱϣִ̳Ƭʯ
Խ£Խǿ֮Уĵ΢ֿҪȻ޴ͷһ˦·ԶſԱСĿٶȵ֣ȻȻٳֱ
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ſڣһ޴ֱֶ
֮ƣһ֣кâ˸Ҫ㣬ʱȻǺХȻһ٣ȻԭĹ΢¡
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ٿ˿̾ȴһֱ£ӣ޷Уٴλļ
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һΣΪ֣Ҫڶȫȫʩչ
ֻ̫Ҫܣ¶һ˿ϣȻһΪмϿ°̱ӣϰᣬѷС
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һҧ¶ϣԥ˫ĿһգԪü˲ѷ׼ʩչɲǣֵԪһȥ
Ϊ̻꣬һлǣֻΪվãһͨ⳾˿Ԫ¶֮Уһɣ
̫֮飬ֵԪ̻صһ̣һɱըԪ֮зը졣
̫ǰ壬̺Ҳ޷Ԫº󣬸չ̻ͨѸ͵ա
ڵԪߣɢ׵֮͸Ѫ֮Уʹ˿ͬ˸֮С
ѷӰ첻Ǻִܴ˿ȫԪڣա
Ԫڲϵ׳׳󲢷ϣʱ䣬ֵԪ񱻵⻷ƣԼɼһ̫ľһԪߣ鼫Ϊʹ࣬һ˿
һϸ߷֧죬鲼Ԫĸ֮⣬һֹķʽڸıֵԪ
̫飬ӵˣҲ˿ңΪ̫֮ޣУ̫̻ĳ̫ʱһʱ䣬ʻ׵
̫֮ףʿԪܳ
󣬵Եȡյһˣ޾ĻԵ
ֵԪ֮⻷ƣֵγ˴׵磬¡¡֮ʣֵԪ֮ڣȻҲһ˿׹⣡
Ԫһֲ˼״̬Уŷ츲صĸı䣬һı䣬Ϊ߲ԣǣȴδĵ·չһĻ޾Ļ
ԪףԪ񣬼ӵļʶҲǴδʿԴﵽһ㣡
ԪڵҵǣֵԪûչ˷


650 Ԫ
ͷƱǣһƮ׹˳ŷ˿ߣɿɢܵʯУڵԪǳ׵硣
̫ĲʹɵḶ́ΣԪڲϵԽɢĵԽŨҫ
ǿĵ⣬ʹԪһּıԵԳļᶨӲ˿̶Ԫɢ
ԪȻյ˫Ŀڷ·̫һ⣬ԤУԪڣôǻֱܵӵĲ
һ֮£Ԫɳ¶һ˿ϣֺԥֱڣһץס羭һק֮£̱קСء
Ȼ𣬴׵磬˳ԪɢܵǽϷžž֮
ץԪâһһӼдĽƳ֣һһӡ˰ϡЩ֣ٴڣһץһأϵ½ӡ
Ԫһ߷ӡһɣܶʼҲ֪˶ãѾ׵ĳں֮УȻһС
ʧȥ˹ήȴδǴһֹż״̬Ա㱣Ĳʧ
ոһգ긴һ꣬һ죬Ԫڵ̫ĶѾپңȻֻϣ֮ķӡƣϲϵ˸γһƬƬӵۣ
ֵԪµУСӣջ߸ߣʿԪӤһ㣡
˵СȴɢԪ֮ǰľӨ͸ɢ޾ĵ⣬һ㡣
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⼸ȫήȫƤǣһãüһд棬ͳΪʬ
ԪƮͷڣֻڳ֮ʱоһ˿ĤĤƬɢʹԪɹĽʶ
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652 
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662 ı
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ʶʿ⾳Ԫ񣬴Ϊü֮ˣȴƣ޷ǧ飬еģǻüҶȵΪо
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һ߷ʿҲȤ˵ȽʿҲȻзüЦصĺΣǴ˱֮ʱһ˿üҲҵϾĿĵ̽飬ƽʶһɨȥעЩ
ȽǼϣһǳڣһϥһ꣬˵ӣȻ˿¶ɬ
Դǰ֪´󣬷׷չһֶΣ˵ûʲôĹķҲΪС޷ﵽսĳ̶ȡ
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˵ѷֻнᵤΪ޷߳ǿգ֮ǰѰ֮£йֻûȿڣ㱻־ܾ
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һϤ֮ˣһɲǣһ̣Ʈһ㣬ӿ֣ڡ


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ſҲǲһͷΪɱüһ赲֮ˣֱɱ֮
һֵܸܵڣһɽҪɱɱ̫Ũһ֣أΪһƬѪɫ
Ϊ̫࣬˿һæͷȥ֡
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ʶؿ̾˵޷Ϊʶ࣬⾳ڣҿ԰ﵽӤ䣬ҲҪһŰƷ鵤ֻ֮һΪֹκοǰС
ȸ֮ʱѩΪȸУΪ弶ƵķӻֱӤ䣬޴
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683 ǧ
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Ҫ񣡡ƽǧӡ
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684 üҷ
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ǿУͬһʱ̣̰Ĵεϵӡʵ̫࣬ൽÿ𣬶ͷƤ飬ĵ׷
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689 һҪ޵
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ǰĸӶˣһ˵ʶģסƽ֣ȴ̲ƽ֣һƬ
ԺڼΪãƽɳƵºܶˡƽվӣԺƫʩ񣬸ȥ
ԺڣֻһˣĬĬԶ
֮ҹ֮ʱΪŨܣһЩҶƮ˺Զ
Ҳ֪˶ã̾ͷƺߣȴ֣ƣѾûˡ
һҹƽߡ
ڷڣյ£¶ʹ֮ɫԱߣ֣û˵ֻĬĬ顣
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ԭһĸԹӤƽͷ¶ŨŨĿɬꡣ
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ʼգûԼĸ˵һ仰һۣȥҲ峿ĬĬϣԶԶʧˮǡ
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߳䣬Ժհƣ૵׵һ졭
ƽУ֪ҪȥδֻãȻǰоƣۣ֮£һ̣ҲûκΣһ۵뷨
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˵̣Ҫȥֻ̻ſ԰ѼеһУȫڿ̵ϣľСƽľһľм
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أĴӣΪ˺ֵͯĵطÿ쿴ЩӣֵģһƬƽ
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ˣ㲻ƽеǣŨ
ҵĸ׵⣬һʣҲʡָ򣬻⣬Ǹײ޵ԭ򡭡ƽ¶һ˿Ɐ֣ôƣѾһЩߣȴȥ֤
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׵ӣɵʹߣúõĻһˣĪҪΪʩչϵͨðɵɵ֮ˣӵеģޣ׵ַͷϣġ
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700 
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ƽʮ֮ʱܵľͷһ廹ǽȴԵĸоƺҪսᡣ
һĶ죬統̩ȥ֮ʱһĺܿ죬ѩľͷ˵·ʹôڵĴ޷ȥֻߣĬĬĶȹ졣
͸ű䣬ؼХƺһһ˾ͷǣֻء
һĶ죬ƺ꣬Ҫ࣬ѩĺ磬ҹӵĴ̹ǣ򵥵լǲȵĻ𿻣ᱻǱ紵͸
ͷլڣһŻӴӳһ˿ůֻѩƮĺҹԵô΢
Хǻϣѩϣ⺮γһȦȦУƬѩ
ļҲǾӣ΢΢ֿ⺮͸⡣
֮ϣһƬڰֻµѩ˿ʱ䳤ˣһʧС
ƽϣſ̵һһԼͷһ˿׷䡣
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Ƚǵʿ˲ϢһɼΪӴϢ̺˵ͬʿߺȻը졣
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˵ڵѪͳǺܴ뵱ڲϴ󣬵Ľȴ衣
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˿̵ƽͲһˣĿƽǹƽվǰ棬һصˡ
һУҪлĸ֣ʮƽɽ֮УʮķʹһŲη֮ģη壬οǰʿ
ǰƽıӰһ̣ӰļУ˵УŨŨ飬ɢȥΪͬƽ̤뷿ӡ
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˵Ȥѹ㲻ԣԭ
̤뷿һɲǣԶڴ˵ˮǣԭƽϣžƺһڵ֣ȴ͵̧ͷ֮ϵľƺѱͬڵľƣ˲Ϣ䣬ȫֱ߽⣬㲻ʣ
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701 Ϊ
׵Ŀƽϣ¶Ȥ֮ɫ˵ԭ㲻һˡ
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ֵģɬߵˣ֣е飬ŨûϵΣҶߡ
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׵֣ƽ˵ΪޣſԳ֮Ϊɵʹߣð֮壡
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ϣһ֮ģȴ׵ѹĳ֮ʣһžž߲֮֮ϡ
һ޷ĺ֮籩һŷ
ѹԶһϵͨԱ⣬֮ɢ֮ʣԶ˶ޣҲͣ˴Ƕ׵ĸܣȴĲǷУ̺һ˿̫֮׵Ϣ
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706 ɱ̰
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Ŀƽ׵֮ǰˣԪȫľΪòӦԼҪȴǸһܵľûᡣ
ȵһ㣬Ǳ֤ߣĸԸ
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ץסһɫҺ򣬰׵üģ漴һԪ֮
Һʧ׵֮ͭ⣬ɢȡ֮ģһƬâ
¶οĿ⼸ʼ׵Ԫ֮ϡ
ҿǧ꣬ҸɣΣ
׵ӳĬ
㼴㻹бͨҲ첻ҵĽƽ˵
׵ǰ˿ֻ·һðշȴףԼıͨ˵ǿ󣬵֮ǽȴǲ̫࣬ɣͬʱ֮£Լû·
ڶͬΪܡǧʱ䣬ȡպɣǰǶԷسŵԼǧ겻ս׵ӿɬĿһʼնû˵һ仰Ŀܡ
ܵǼӲӲӦáսɡ
ʱ˿̣ھңԶϼǣŨڵһȫһɭϢʹһ·ʿ׷ƵС
ϼǣһ֮أǽڵʿܻų
ʱȻϼϵŨҵķһڳһ㣬أŨ
ɲǼ䣬ֻһȫݣ𲻿̬ΪǱӰŨŨĿ־壬Ѹٳǰһ޴Ķ
ۿҪ׵ĳǸ֮˵ϣѾ¶˿ϲʮڰ˴ߡһɲǣһĴ޷ٶȴϼֱӱסǸ֮˵ӣݺݵק
ˣ̰ǣǴץסѸٵ䣬ǰŨĿ
ϷһѰȴû뵽³֣Ϊ㣡ܵϷôܻᱻǱôµ򣡡


707 ֶݵб
ֶڵķ򣬰һƵĺ¡֮ص΢΢һĳŨһ֮
Ũĳ֮Уüͷ˳
󣬸һ߸ݵĿܣǿܵȭͷϣ޾׹˸
׵գѡЭֻǣСܵʧʣɵͷޣһϣȻʧܡ
Ʒʵ൱޵һĴԲһڼʱҼһЩ䣬ԲŴﵽ֮
ڶʿͷޣԭӦÿһƷϧʧˡ
ְ֮̾£ܶ඼ư֣գȴֻǾˮһ㡣
ҵЩˣְеΣ֮⣬ָյƽͷһĸʬ¶˼
Ҳһ񣡡
ڶʧ֮׵ӵԪʧȥ־һĹţں֮Уͬʱͷ޵Ԫͬĥ໥ںϡ
۷壡ջĿ⣬˵ʧܣʧܵһɲǣȷʵϵĿ׵Ԫһ˿ϵ˼ʹӵ˵֮ǰĵһ
˿̣һ۷һƷ޷ʩչκͨ䱾ǿȣȷʵΪˡ
ԪԳϣǿٿһֻԪܳϣƾʶֻܼӵǣʹһЩ򵥵Ķղŵһȭ
ǣȴ޷ս֮УʵϼĿԪϣڲٿϣҲԼһ糣֮ܵڵ׵Ԫų⡣
ڴﵽһ֮󣬱ֻ䱾Ԫ񣬲ſĲٿ磬һԪĵʧܣ޿ܣ˲ٿءΪ߳磬Զķʽôڡ
Ŀƽ˵ڶת߻ضڡ
Ҫֻ̫֮࣬һƽ̬֮ʧܵķƣɢ
ҪȰΪߣﵽ⾳ȵĳ̶ȣڶڣϥ£Ŀ˸ǰ
ͱǱͬˣȴʼⶴڡ
վһԣԳŲԶſڵϣ⿪˵ӡޡ
ڰƯɢŨĽԼХ֮
Ŀǽ⿪˵ӡޡ
֮ǰͷ־ûʮ׼֮ǰ񳵻޵ӡ򿪣Ͼ񳵼ΪòٿأһСģᱻɡ
ֻ޵Ϊ޷˼⣬ûжԼֹκηɵľٶԼÿһִС
ֻǣȴһ㣬ƾʩչ֮ͨҲȫȻᡣ
Ϊ񳵣صڡ
򿪵ӡޣͱ֮ǰҪΪͬʱͷϵ֮УɫԽԽࡣ
֮ʱҲ̧ſڵϵĴͷбžĿɨһۣǼ׹⣬ߡ
һһ޶֮ʣָоޣƺΪ鶯˵ӵĻһ㡣
֮ǰޣ˵ѱ˫Ŀȴû鶯
ǿķˣջĿ⣬һΣһ׹˶ʧԶ
ֿЦʱ䣬޾㣬ȥ֮ղŻ
Ƭ̣¶֮ɫ
Ȼ޶βԸصԱĿһĽ̺Хڣܣվ˶ſڣΪֻ
ִӻóһⴢ׵У׵ԪɢڶⴢΪ֮ʶӡ
ⴢڶΪӣһЩճ֮⣬ָȤģֻһһö
һͷޣͷŽǣȫɢΪ䡣棬ǿһ޴ķġ
Ƿĵĺ壬ֲһٲ³˴á
Ѱ򣬾˵̵׺ȻƵá
ʶһ̱̽һӿֹ֣̽롣ɫ糣ϸĲ鿴ֹԼʶĵ⣬꣬¶΢Ц
ĪǣɵʹߵǱʲɡֵЦЩ죬׹ֹ󲿷ʿһЩ̤ڶʿֹ
֣ȴûκá
ɢ׹֮У̺һ˿ȻɵͨͲܲ鿴
ǣ˰ֻ̫Ԫڵ̫ţڲϱ㳬Խ˿Ԫһʶȴ׾ٵģƳ׹裬ڲ
ֵĶһ̣Ҳ͵˫ۣڣֻ¼֮ͨһǶأ
ɶȡ֮⣬ںԪγһ˵Ԫͨ
Ȼ׵֮ǰʩչָͨд
ϧԪҪܸߣΪ֮ȴ޷ʩչ
ֵʶ˵ڶ֮ͨϣͨΪԪ
Ԫ֮ǰΪ֮ݵڣ
Ԫ֮Ʒб֮Ԫ壬ӶӿٵԪʵͣʱ䡣
ΪԵ壬޵һʿ޷ܣ
ȻĶѰʿ޷ףԵɺ֮ӵ֮Ԫ񣬶˵ļֵ޷
Ʒǰڴ˿̣ҲûԪмֵ˵ֻƷĲбȴ£Ҫ֮
ѹɵǿӵԪԪȻȾ󲿷ˣҪࡣ
˫۾â˸¶΢Ц
ԪӵжͨټޣǼɵʹңҲᾪɲ
ڵͨھ֮ص봢ڣһ
һѽ˽壬ȫɣ׵ʩչⷨȭͷҲ޷ʹô顣
Ŵ˽һ봢ڡ
ƷһȭͷСɫʯ飬̺ͬ׵֮ֺܴȤʶϸĲ鿴һ̧֣档
һɲǣӴĵǿʯӿֶ¡¡˳ָڡ
Ѱʿһ壬ˣԪȴſһ̱㱻ɡ
ɢһɲǣһһԪڻɢԪ٣ֻһ˿ȴ˫Ŀڣ͸Ϊ֮â
ֱĶǿʯԥãȫյ뷨Ƿ˴ڡ
һϤģ


708 ɭ
׵ӴڵֵĿʵ̫󣬿¼һ壬Ҳ޷ȡ
΢֪һɵʹߣô񣬿ɼɵǿ󣡡ûӿֿôϲãһ𾪡
Ĭã¶⡣
ɵ
һΣʧ˶ڣܽ
Ķգգһģ¡¡صܣĬȻһԲ֮ڣ̱һɴѹ£ĥƽ
֮ڣƾһƽ͹ʯɲǼΪҳ紵Ϯ䣬žҵУɢ
еĻҳƮ𣬺ư
Ʈ£ϥм䣬һĴ֮ǰȻڻõһһɳܡ
һĴᦷɳлǻ꣬ǻ֮䣬ͬƮڰգܵĹ۲ܣκͼӽ֮ɱ
Щ˫˫ۡ
Ӵʱγһɷ籩Уֲϵɡ
Ƭ֮󣬵ϵȫѣдִڷɳܣѭ㲻ϡ
ԽԽ࣬Ϊٲϵ
ʱ˿̣ңԶһĵ򲻴ȸǶҪСܶ࣬ϸûκϢڡ
һգǿм۶ǰһˣһŮӣŮɫɴ£ֲʧţӺݣµϻ嵭÷ױֳ˿˿ģǡ
һ˫Ȼǹˮ֮ʣףķ㣬Ǵɢܡ
ڴŮҲͷżεСƬɢ߲֮â
ڴˣŮӶ죬Ůǵ뿪Ǭ⾳뿪ȸǣгˮо
ڱˮ׷ɱ֮ʣҦϧѩ֮ѪȣӴ֮󣬳ΪѪ檡
󣬸ȫɢѪߣ˫Ŀ谵޹⣬Ȼ񱻿أˣѪѪū
ÿһѪūӵʶΪ
о֮ټ죬תۼѪūңңĿǰ˿۵С
˵򣬱оΪ˵
һѪūߣ˵ĸǴǡ
оĿһԶСϣǰѪū㱨˵Сڳıʣƺڽȥһ㡣
ѪΧڣѪԴ֮ػʼûã뿪Զߣ֪ȥ
оƬ̣ǰһΣѪūֱСȥ
֮ϣûκڣһƬģشѣоһ󣬸˺¡¡֮ص
ֻصѷ죬ɲǼˣԶɽ壬Ȼ̮ĳʡ
ԶһԼɵĺӵ˿̣Ȼɿݣ
İǰ˵Ҳģȴû죬ʱĶȹڶ̶̵İ꣬һһ㡣ļʮ꣬ˣоһѪū
оĿһʶɢҪڲ鿴ʶһһɲǡ
һ֮͸޾ɱ¾Ȼ䣬ص
֮׻ҪһǿϺȻһɲǣصѷ죬һζնΪ֮һ£һ㡣
ǴĻˣ֮£һɲǣ¡¡֮Ϊһɡ

һ˲䣬Ȼ̮ɽذݣиѷ˺Х˼
ͬʱоУɫɲǼ԰ѪѪūһΣھѪ
о¶ȻϾȥ˼ΪʲôԼЩ죬̹Ƿ֪˵ǰչ֮дţ뿪
ͷƤ飬ԥٷȥѪūǽԼٶȣѸٷɳǿУокȻ֮ɫŪͷؿһۣѪū뿪
뿪ãСڵĺ¡֮磬꣬ȫ̮ȥͺһѷľ޴һ㣬ѷԽԽ࣬ɲǼ䣬
ڱһ˲䣬޴صǿգһεĲƷɢԶȥоˣһɫڱ䡣
ǲٶ̫죬ۿҪӶоɫ԰ףȵѪūԱֹ
Ѫūûκԥ̳ĲƣԱԪ
һ϶оһĴóһöѪɫѪ֮κεطһΣصѪǡ
ֻǰҪһʱ䡣
Ļҳɢǿգȫɢ֮һӣվ˱Ĵ
һͷ췢޷Զ˫Ŀ޾ıƤдֲڣһԶŵķһ㡣
üϣĸǵԲתֻһǵ㣬֮ȴ޹⣬֡
ֱ
ɫ˫Ŀһڻ˵ȫɢ䵽˼޵Ϣ
ǿյıĲƣƶûκһ㣬˿޷͸ֱĿ⿴Զޡ
Ѿûκ޷ٱաֱһһܻɢȥĩ֣һץ
ɢȥĩ̶һ£һɲɣϢֻۣʱ䲻ɢ
ͨҪһ£ֱǰһֱ̤ȥǿȴǸͲҪκԼǿߡ
ϧʼûҵ֮ĻĴﵽǡĪǣҪȸһβɡɭ֪ʱֱ̤ȥʧǿС
ºһϣֱѡ˴˵أڣڲϥ˫Ŀ
֮ѡ˵أΪӵȻγɵ׹㡣
ȸǣħ
ħܾ֮ǰѾɢħΪһƬȥء
ħһҵĵطħĽأ˽ӽʧ٣˵أأ˸
ڣ֮ء
Ѫ֮УϥʿЩʿΪѪʴ׳ţЩϹʿԽӵǿ
ѪУʯ֮ϣһ췢ӣϥϣɢһŨϢϢһ飬Ϊ֮
һѳ⼣ߣ⼣߰ߣкںɫĸɿѪ
˿̣ĦǺ췢ӵͷ췢ȫǣ͸϶ԿָףڵУˡ֡֡
ϸȴǿԷ֣ʯѾȫ֣
֡ɳƵ췢ӿдصѪѪڵʿȫһ
֣Ѿ衭
֣ҿҪˡ
ºڣӹ֮߳һˣ˼ſһֻ˫Ŀͨĺӣ̤ħ
ɭǱɭɳʹߣ
ڴУŨŨĺ⣬ڴˣһϳˣȥħɢˣ
֣䴫УӦġΪħ֮ʦƻǧ꣬ȴΪֻһ֮ޣɭ٣
֮½硭ħɢһΣ߳ȸǡ
ȸǣȸɽ
һͷӭɽƮҡһ±紵ӣ֮꣬˼ֳ졣Сſڵϣһ˫Ŀ¶ɢĿ⡣
УһⴢǹӣȻѾ˼ʷ
壬ҵĴڣҿԴˡ
˵ţͷĴӿʶ򿪡
ڣȴǿһֻһ׹˸Уü֮СһĴɿһŴƮԶ
Сһ͵վӣ㣬Щ벻ף׳ʲôʡ
׹ɢüģУһӡļ䣬ؽ⿪ǼһУµĸǰ
ʮ꣬Ҹ⺢һ㳤󣬿ͺ񿴼Լĺӣ硭Ҳġɵʧˡ
ãϣѾˮĵͷԼϥǣ˵ϣˮֹס¡
Сףԭ壬һֱȥ
˿̵֣ڷܣһƬƬѵĩɻβϵɢԽԽࡣ
ʶҪڣҪܴԶԶس˳ڴﵽ裬ִ񼫶࣬Ҳ㹻
ֻǣַ֣ԼԪ֮֮ǰһգһ޵׶һ㡣
˿Ѿȥ˽ʱ䣬ÿ춼ӴģֻԪȻδﵽ͡
ʱ仺Ķȹĸֹ˰꣬һգ͵˫Ŀе˸һƺΪ֮Ϣӿֶ
վӣɫƽգ̤ȥ
ʶڣ


709 ޵Ĳô
ǿУһ׹Хߣ׹Уһͷ޴ޣͷǣȴнɢȫ˸Ϊ䡣
ڴޱϣϥһͷƮ˫Ŀ֮侫ӿ֣ƽȴһɲϢӿ֡
˿̵κһ˿ɵΪɵʹߣһУ뵱걼Ƚǵ׵ӣʵ̫ˡ
¼ͬɵʹߣ֣Ҳһ
Űٶ޵ʹ֣ﵽʶڵΪΪ˵ȸһĴڡ
ȸû֪һĻлθ룬ǱԼӵС˿ȴǳɳڵĸ߶ȣ
ʶڵʿһЩСϣǾĴڣ˸ǣķĻʶʿذɣ
һʱڴﵽ۷ĸ߶ȣֻ̤һΪ⾳ﵽԲ޵ĵڶ
޵ĵڶﵽ߲࣬ѶȸԶǵһ
־ܻûдﵽΪļʵʿսȴ̵˽ˣڶʿǿ
޵һѣŰ޵ȴΣвŵߣϦһ٣ǰȥ
һˣڶȻΪѣжȻҲʶĹؿǲ֪ܷȹ֮һ˳ΪɣֻҪڣһ裬ɴһбâ
޵ĵӵҲûдﵽڿ׷ѰǺֲΡ֮ΡĿھâУ¶һ˿ڴ
֪ʵ̫翣ԼһֱԪϾ޷
޵ɽһһѣڣַ֪˼硭ǲ֪Ƿ񣬻еĲַͷϣĦ׹˳ֱߣȴûκӰ졣
Ĳô޵صǿա
⣬һڣ˿Իش
׹Хֱ֣ǧǶȥȽǣǼ֣֮ȥ
ϼϵ£Ҳõ̽ʱҪɹüңõѡ񣡡֮ϣ˵һЩٶȣҲǼ졣
һСʵֱ׷ǣϧȴ˳֮ǲ֪ǷڴĿһк⻮
Ϊڵļ壬֪Ƿй֮д桭ֳ˼䣬˶ǰһĻ
֮ʱ˵ʹһͷǺ޶ڹ֮ΪУдڣѰҹ֮ѣ
޺Х䣬ǿлºǧг֣Ŀƽ޳۳УֱǧǶȥ
һٽǧϱγƣ¡¡ϵػصһǧǵʿע⡣
ƿնֱӴ͸㣬̤ǧǵİУţ̧ͷһһ
¡֮ʣǰΪ޳ֶ۶γһƬ಻ı֮
統׵ӽȽһ֮ص֮ʣǧϾ󲿷ʿ׷
⿪ӡޣʵϴеͨ˿һ龳ʿ
üͷһ壬Ըһ֮ͷ̲һֱ̽ӷء
ֵļ䣬ֱüҶȥ
δٽüȫʿ׷׷Ի÷ΪףѸٵ׹⣬¶
Ǵǿ׹֮Ǿϥŵʱо
ü֮ˣ֣ԶҲǡ
üҼǰ֮ϣĿдŵ⣬ƽ˵
÷ǰıȭüҼ÷񣬲μɵʹߣ֮ǰĳ֪ʹݣʹĪҪ֡
Ȼ⣬֮ǰ֮ĪҪᣬ㣬а취ڶʱڣŪɹ
ɹ÷һ漴ɬ˵ʹߴˣ⡭
Ŀһ÷µޣǵ
÷̾¶֮ɫͷˣһüҷ֮ɽĻᣬѼɹȫ͸ʹߡ
ɫ糣ȴһ÷ĻЩߣɹĪ֮ɽʲô
֮ɽֵб
ֲɫһͷ
üҵɹΪӴֻǣҪ󣬻ǲ
˵ãֻýɵͷ챱Ҫһˣ޵ͷ


710 
챱ǣڶ฽ǣڶ࣬ǧϣȡ˻üҵɹޱϣ⣬ֱǧҶȥ
ǧҼ̤ڶʿܾ֮ǰѾչأƽ֮ȫǧһֽǧǵһ̣Ѿ
ǿ㽵ٵһĻĸȷţĻü˵ˣɵʹɡ
뵽ʮǰսüʱǲķͨǧĲɵһ
ǧҵλɵʹߣǧǰ֮ɽս򣬳ЩϹŵ壬ĻҪɵʹߴڡǧԥҪѡ񣬽ǧδķչ
ϧĵڶʿڱչأܴţĻһ¡
ǧԥ֮ʱϣ׶
ǧҳǺܴǻüҵϾǧңǧϵĵһ塣
ǧһǧʿæӭӡ
ǧ˵Ϊ֣߳ڣɵʹߵϣȴĴڣײܵ
ϣĿƽǰǧʿһɨĿǧϣƽ˵ǧǰþò
ǧӹһЦȭǰ֮ǧĳɲҵʹߴϷֻΪԼƽ۽ɡ
ǧ˵֮ʣȴ𺳣ֻƾ۱ɿǰ֮˵Ϊڶ̶̵Ĳʱ䣬Ȼӵʶ۷壬ﵽµʶڣ˵ǴڵһٶȣȴǼΪˡ
ҲΨɵ֮ͨſһ㡣
ǧ𾪵ģǶԷµͷޣޱ֮꣬䣬ڴ޵ĿɨУǧͬʿĸо
ұ²ɵжݣ˿̿߳ɿ棡ǧİ
΢΢һЦ˵ҲգǧӵѣˣΪҪһЩɹ
ǧӳĬƬ̣ɹڽ֮ɽǺҪ֮ȣһɵʹߣΪҪ
Ψһԥģǰ֮˵δչҪ֪һһɵʹߣôʹȥ֮ǰüͶʹߡ
ǧҵ̤ڶʹߣֻЩ̤ڶʹߣһ߰ĺܣǴڣҪ̫ƷΪ㣬δķչȴޣڴʱ˵ѺһѺˡǧԥ
һ壬ûɵʹߣôʧȥɵıӻΪء
ɵͬһȻ֮ڣٿķΪԭʼȻͬ
ɵΪʹߣʹߵò䣬ʼձھʮˡ
ʮŸʹߣÿһдչԼ⣬ڣΪص·
׵ӵ챱Ƿǰ飬ҲټԼʮ㣬˶һǰ³
׵Χڽս֣
ǧӵĿʱϳûдߴ٣ǰĵȴ֪ǧ룬ʵɹûаϵ
꣬ǧӰ̾һüĻʼ߻صԥһ£ȭʹߣɹǧһв٣ԷֳһͳֻǣǧĳһҪ󣬻ʹߴӦ
Ŀƽɫ˵˵
ǧ֣ǧĳҪһʹߴ˵ƣĿʵǴòƣǱ˵Ǽ٣óơǧĳ
ĿǧӣҲʹ˼ϻһĴ׵ӵг֣һ֮£̱׹˸һɢ
ǧӵɵʹߵƣ˿һ֮£Ǹܵϵ϶ʱ¶֮ɫް㻳ɡ
ʹߴˣǧԸԼΪﵽʵ֮ʱǧҽΪ壬֮ǰǧҸǶһҪ󣬾ܵ㡣ǧ˵ٻɣ̫֮գѡʱûȷ
ɫ糣ȴһɵЩ졣
Ϊҵ塭ĪɵʹߣԷչԼɡûѯʣƽ˵պ̸Ȱɹ
ǧİ̾ȻԷԼ˵δۣҲȷˣֻҪûнѪУ㲻
֪ԼڵԥǷǧδչһ˿̣ȴ벻ôֵ࣬Ļǧӵͷļʿȥ
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ʶһɨһͷڵɹüҵ࣬˵ǲ
лˣǧһȭ޵Ĵͷ޵ͺһת׹ʧ
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ɹѾԶԶֵҪ󣬵ȻǲϵѼϾպ֮ɽ磬á
ִޣ׹⣬ʧǿ֮УֱϼǶȥ
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أϼԽԽºϼеŨС
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֮ŨƵĴֶУʹĿ˸


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һֱ۴ϸĴ֣ⶦȫƣϵ䶯һ㡣
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ߣ̰ǣ˿ڵλãڴˣ֮¶ϳµй֮ء


712 ̰ǵС
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ָоʼղϣԼԽԽŨĿкâһǰɽʯһӣһץסⱻɽʯһ壬ͬʱһ㡣

һжɲǼɣûκεˮһ˲䣬һƵԺ󷽴
ץɽʯٶȷɿ죬һɳ̰ɽʯ봢ͷҲصĳ֮УǺԥʩչѧ֮ߵӶ֮ͨһ֮صղŷɲǣʶһɨȴ̺Ȼķ֣֮һͷ붼У¶ǰԼʮɳ̵С£
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713 ֮
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721 ٻ
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һҧǰһֳ̤ŲϱĴϣΨһûκα仯¹ץȡ
¹˵û˽׿󣬵Ӳĳ̶ȣȴڣϾ֮ǣ
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ģһʩչն޾ʱΪĹֻȴǱ֮ն޾ǿ̫̫ࡣ
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ȴõԪĵطĿеߣĬĬĿʼԪ
˿̣ʯңԶǿУһ׹Х׹Уһͷޣͷ˵޽ǣȴһİȻ̻֮С
ϣһ׺ɫףʹôޣΪ䱳ϥһӣһͷڷƮɢޱ飬ֱʯķȥ
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722 澪
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¶һ˿ٶȼ죬׹ֱԶ
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׳֮ڣԪĿھһһֵתϸ֮˫˫ϥ֮ϣ˿˫ۡ
Ԫһķ֮ڵԪһ˿ڣΪԼԪ
ֻ̤ͨڶʿŻӵУΪ䱦⴫
˹壬Ϊ㣬вǻߣ̻ҷ
⹦ڴ˿̵˵ȴʺϲԪΪף۵ͬһ㣬ȫһ
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һ̳˺ܾãԪ˵һתΪѣϾһҪֿһ滹ҪԪҪһʱӦЭ
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˿ȫ˼ѹԪϣĲʣȻҲͺԡ
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תԪ⣬ǵڶʿͨ
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ѹеĿϲ˷ܣСĵתһ˿ӵԪӿԪֻҪԪգٴѹ֮£ӣһ˿Ԫ٣ȴΪʹá
˿̣ǼΪؼʱֲҴ⣬ȫϣĲٿ⻹ЩɬĲԪأԪ֮С
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ֲִûʱȥٿأֻһ˿ӵԪԪһɲǣȻֵҰ̱ÿ
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ǰһĻ
ٴγ֣һΣƮֵһɲǣ׳غȻ䱩׵磬һ̴׳ںХ
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滺תÿתһȦд׵ڣأһϹ⣬˸
һĻ̫Ϥˣ֮ǰոշͬı仯
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֪ӳ䣬һΣһ仯ҲΪǰĳɡ
˿̣֮˵أȴǡð棬˵ֵĵط˵Ҳ̺ڡ
Ⲣƾ޵⣬ʵԪ֮˳ĸоѰ˵أ棬Ȼԣģصģ档
ӣΨһһԼԪںϣй̶壬ӰֵԪĸоʵϣɢ
ҲͰˣϾʱвδԲû֮µӣǴҲκα仯
ǣԲȴʹ˱仯Ǿ޴ţ֮ʱʾ棬Уһο
һοҲʾţ飬
ˣˮɣٴΰԪ֮ڣ֮棬⵱ֵĵطԪΪ䣡
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޴֮ţٴγ֣Ϲ˸УأһУܵ׳أһ̣ȫΪɫ׵磬Ҳϵ磡
ŵĳ֣ľηУӿȫ˵йһξ˿ȻȫֻУȴ˸
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Ŀһȴٶ̼ӿ죬һ׹⣬ֱǾ޴ŷȥٽɲǣţһ϶
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ֵӣͬͣǷ϶֮⣬˫Ŀ͵һ̣Ʊ㣬֮ڣ
һУӾ
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723 Ѱߣ֪
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˵أʵ̫ϤˣһƬ磬һЩʱ֡
ֵĿ£Щ壬̱仯ֵĿ⣬Ǵ߻һ㣬ֻǸ壬ʱ
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УȻһ䣬Ըӿٶȣ̴״̬˻ͬʱ⵹һ㣬תۼ䣬ٴλ壬ԽԽС֡
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ʱ仺ضȹûյ㣬ȻһУһֹ״̬УʼյĿռڣƯ
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Ѱҵصƺĳֳ˹Ĵڣ򣬺ܵȴ̡ʼգѰѰ١
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һֺģĸоȴˮֵ񣬽أƾҪץ˵㼣ԴȪ
ⲻ֪ŵĹУһ򣬲ɷɣȻʹڵģϣȴܰ͡
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ڿһɲǣһ𣬺ƷʲôʶģҪ̧֣˿ûע⵽Լ˿̵״̬û塣
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֣ĸޣ̳΢ĲⲨ֮£ɢâֵС
ֹͣѰ㱵УܵƺŲͣ£ƽˣʶ״̬Уһ塣
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ϵɽ׳ۣӣس˺֮УҲε죬ƺء
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һеһУƺҪӵУܴׯڣˡ
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⣬ǵôֵ֮ػصѰҵһУͷ


724 ˵
ǵأҲĵɣ
Ŀ任⣬ֻص
ѭййȻĽѰٴ𰸣ƽ˵ƽ⣬֮
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ܵһУûκα仯ȻХϹ⣬ƸղŵһУһĻĻֻڽǰһʶ㱣һξһ㡣
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ţһ϶ȴĿУغϣɢˣǱɫ׵ƵֱۣҲһͬʧеϹӡ
ϣصı仯֮ǰеӡʧˣȡ֮ģΪգΪ£ֱռӵһ룬˴ˣûںϡ
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֪ξһУʵ̫ˣֱĳ̶ȣĻԵ
޷κȥ˵Ҳ˵ףȥ˵ֲ²⣬ӵˣΪһλԵԷһУ
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˿ָ̣оȴԽԽŨ
ԥƬ̣һҧȻһ崩һƬʯǰϤ׳أ
һۣͿ׳֮ϵ֣˿̵֣ڷʵ̫ˣƮڰգȫ׹ߣ׵Х͸ͷ޷Զ
׳صĴСڷӵǰ׳أһֺ˵طĸо׳ر֮һʱȻС˽һ룡
ԭʼյ״̬˿ƺһȥԼԿͷ
˵ĳ֣ͬƽˮһʯͷεֻأ˫Ŀ
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ͬǵش⣬ֵľ޴ֱһ㣬һּΪ𺳣ĲһпĿˣɵĲϵľη
˫ڣǲʵξʵĻ䣬һ̵·죬أ·
⣬ǵϢֵ˫Ŀ˿ûʶƽ͸ãĿ˺ڷһۡ
һۣںڷĿУ¡¡ͺ׺·Ԫ˳׵ʱַը졣
ˣ˲䣬ƶסһһ磬һɲǣֻʣֵĿ⣬һ˲䣬ֻһĿ⡣
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񡭡ٶȣﵽ˼ޣҪըһ
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ѰξУĿ⣬ǵĿڣǷͻͣѸһ˿̣Ŀ⣬˫ۣںڷϡ
ˣͺξеķ壬ֻȴͣǴӴ˿̵״̬Ѹɢ
һһ㣬ʼղϡ
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ԷĿ⣬̺˿µʹκεֿ˼죬ڶ˵ȥȥ·ԼһĴڣľηȫ
µޣдһشӴ޿д壬ۿɼٶȣѸ߽⣬ƹȥĳ
һУֻɲǣ֣вѰʧˣ˿˫ۡ
ڷȫѣǿµĸоѣȫˮܣԪɢһ룬ԪСһȦӼΪֱ֣еĺȻռȫ
̫ˣ⡭ʲôĿ⣬ʲôΪڷӵɫ԰ףļΪԼΪҪǲͲᾭղǿµһĻ
ɣǶԷٶ࿴ԼϢԼ̱ȫ߽⣬Ĩȥһڡ
ԪӶݣ޷
µޣˣֵĿ⣬¶ŨŨĿ־壬޵ĽҲǵĿ⣬Ѿô򵥣ǲϵѹ


725 һ
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Ŀ̺ӣǷ·УҲֻһϣָоʹúڷӾԣδйģǰ֮ˣһֿȵĳ羴
಻֮ʱԴ˵ԣ뵽Ƿܵǿ󣬸ͲսԼһ֮ûп֮ʱΨһģ
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˺ʧתȥʱǿߣһˣ׷֮ͨģһƽĻ
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ڷޣվһԣ˿̵ûĿעӣȴ̱ڲԶһʯϣϥһˡ
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֮ǰһ̱Ŀ£޷ܵһУ˿̿һĻȴٴ¶𾪣
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˵֣ӻ£һץеǸץȱˮһ֡
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ħУ̺˳ɱԵ
ǰС֮˵أΥߣ


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ֻǣû˵꣬ɽڴһ죬һҵĻɢϸ˿»صɽʯڣڵī˿ȴǳΪһ̲ʧȥԵˮصĹУɢˡ


740 ף֮ս
⺮Ļıīǹɢϡ
У޳Ӱ߳˿̵ɫ԰ףЩǱ˫Ŀ͸Ũĺâŷɱ
ܺãܺãдҧгݣһʿƵϣ˵ǳ裡˿̵˵ĿΪ˵еЩƬڣΨһ뷨ɱ˶Է
ְ̾ΪҪɱڶʿѶʵںܴ֮ǰܼ㣬һϵеĴΪ˸һȭĻᣬǻκһһʿղŵĴΌס
龳δﵽڶʿȴֻˣ޷
ˣȵ׵ӣǿ󡣡һӣЩ¶ķƬһһ𣬱봢ڡ
ֵĿ⣬һֱ⺮ͷϿյħ
⺮̧һָգɭ˵㼴ǿܣǷٶ̤࣬龳ĵħ£һҷ𣡡
ħһת
⺮ĻֻϷɢħ˿̻תһתϵħ˲Ũ·գӳ˺ɫħ֮С
ɫ࣬ټһΣӵеʿħһתͺȡأһת·תһ㡣
ָоãȴΪʵ֮еһصתĨȥڡ
תֵɫ˲԰ףһɲǼ䱻ħӳճ˺ɫĴգ˿̱죬¡֮صʡ
Ȼ䣬һȪڰջûȪϳһһ㣬ԹХڴһ˲䣬·֮ڣ޾Թ
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ӵеҿʵʻʿΪ£һ㣬ֺס
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ֻͣſ⺮оĻʵ޷ȷԣһʶԲʿȻôǿ
ǿܣı𣬶壬ǷŶԣΪ̫أԪ޷صڣ⺮Խ˵ͷԽԼĲ²⣬ҲԽӿ϶
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ħ棬٣⺮һͺȣֻħһΣȻֱ·ֶȥ
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ԹڻȪһ֣˻Ȫľ𣬻Թܣӭħеķ籩
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һĻһ¶֮âĵͨǵһο˿Ŀһ˿ܺˣǵ֮սһˣΪأһָкȵħת
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գȴӰ쵽⺮һɫ԰ףӰɵһ١
֮ޣģ
˵ĿһӺԥĳ


741 ռȵ
⺮Ǳӳ˲䣬оһַӵͷƺˮһӿڻӵĴڣһ˲䣬Ҫ˺ѵʹ
ĽŲĻһ̣˲ȡ
޷⵽һʲôıӣΪλֿ˼һٵɲǣֳûٽ⺮ֱ̤˰⺮֮ϡ
ռȵ
һ̵֣ڷ޷Զžž죬Ŀ磬ɫ԰ףȴһַǷϢ͸
վ⺮ħ֮ϣתĿ棬⺮
վϣվ⺮ĵ֮ϣ˵ûκʵԵĹϣڴϣȴһпνİоױȣ
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һﲻ⺮һ˦°ڣȻϥ£˿̣Ȫ֮Ӿңǣ֮£Ȫ٣˲价ܡ
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һԪͨԪħ񣡡⺮¶˿̶ǰֶ֪ĵˣѾ֮ǣ
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ŨŨΣУһģ˷ɳְüģֱħȥ
ٶȼ죬ٽ֮ʱü֮ϵĵѷ죬Ȼ¶Ũĺââδй۲ɢ˿̵Ϊ졣
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֮ͬ٣·һ̼ѹʹħһ٣˵̾ͻָ糣ȴһѵĻᣡ
Ϊ˿̵ħȫںâ֮У˲ɢḷ́ҺߴоҵĴ񣬾丹⺮˿ҲǴһֳ˯״̬۾
ɫ԰ף޷ʹõۺâ̫ãͨԪļֻϢüĵĵ۱ϣâɢ
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ֻǣصʳѰһУΪŮҦϧѩ
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뿪ص㸸׵ѡҦҵڣûҦ嶫֣
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游ΨһŮҦϧѩ˴δ֪ڵϦҦҵѪѪսȭͷ
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Ҧϧѩ΢꣬˵֮ɽ磬ȥҵŮɣ֮ɽѾƣȥɵȥ˵ĻǣҲ޷롣


742 ħ
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м䣬Ȼɫ΢ֻǰХ⽣֮ϷֱһһŮˡ
еλһǳ˿ѮңĿòߵǸŮӣԼʮ߰ӣòҲֻǷĿɷƺЩӹ塣
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Ҳûʿ󲿷֣ǴʶһӤڡ
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˵䣬ƴʦУȴɣļǵ֮ǰ·ʱδơ


743 Ԫ
˼ۣ£ƷΧֻ˰ɴСΪģܵļɽʯ໥Ϊ䡣
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ԣƵȻ©˽ڵȫԳ˱ʹƸΪأߣַ죬Ӧò˴󡭡
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顱죬ʮ˸âӡɲǣ·޷ϵһһһֱһƺӡδɢֱԪǰ
ԪѪɫ԰˺󼸲֣¶˼𾪡
˿̣̤˵ڶһֱԽ˶ˣ֮ǰ󷨽ڣڣ˼һۿȥ
ڣһɫֵ֮ͷȥ˲Ϣ֮Ȼɳڰջһ޴ͷɢâ֮ʣһھ
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˿̲Զ¶ȻŮӣе
ͷɢâưܵĴضմȾɫɶɲǣüһ֮ɲǳ֣
˱һѸһ飬ʱҽУɢȫҪˡôߣһ֮޳֮£̱קᣬֱץס´óᦣ˽ȥ
˴Ƶڶܵİգ󣡡תĿƽĿԪŮӡ
ŮӴ˿¶֣Щ޷󣬴ôܰѼ˶鼫Ϊ׵ľץˡ
Ԫ˿ɫΪѿղſͻȻֵıӣɫӵıȭǰҶˡ
󷨽ƺˣ޹أҺ֣㲻ģɫ֮пϲŭȴŮһԪİ̾
ǰǺͿ֪֮ɽһطＫΪأнƴڣػɱ֮ǰ֮Դ˵ƽϢƬ̣֣˵
˿ߵŮӣȻûŵŵԡ


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ЦЦĿԪһۣĿ罣ԪУ·͸ġ
Ԫûа㾪ţɫ̹Ȼûκβʣ˵ǰɻΪֵط֪ΪûȥƳƶ롣
Ԫ˵ǼߣԶŮӿɱȣѰ֮ǰ˽̸ƺǱŮӼȣǽꡣ
Ǹо֮ǰ˵ĶԻһжԪ֮仰ָ
Ԫɫ糣¶Ͽ֮ɫ˵żһݹͼͼ֮ɽûбǰһ֮أͼо˺ܾãֻҪǽ֮ڣҵ˵أĽƣҲ߳ɰտƵ˷Ϊ֮ء
ֲɫû˵
ǽ֮ڣûв´ӦԴڣֱ֮ʱƿ˽ƣǰѡȡһ룡
˿һԵŮӣſڣջѡ˳Ĭ
Ԫ֮΢΢һЦͷ˵ԣ˵֮ʣֺȻ̧֣һץ֮£ŮһȻϳ˺ƻһӰ磡
һжڼʱڷŮɫ԰ףʧȥ˺ܴľһ㡣
Ҫȡһ꣬ΪӰü֮âһ򣬱һץס˴ڡ
Ԫɫ糣ȴΪ裬ǰ֮˵ĻԼ£˳겻ȡԼѡǸŮӣĪǡ˿ʲôɣ
У֮ǰεĽƷĳܸȤĿԪϡ
ԪĬƬ̣һĴóһöӡã֣˵ǰȻȤȻġ
ֽӹʶһɨüͷ
ʱԪ˵ͷȴĿ΢ɲüĲɵðΪǹ죬ڽҲΪ˽⣬Ȼ֮ǰҲῴ˽⣬ҲܿҵĽ֮
ԼƵԪЩ䡣
ڵĽƣֵȷףڽƵգէһ˽ƵͨʱֿͷĸоѧԵڣҲɽ֮
һ꣬гʮ޴񣬱˴˽֮£̱ò
ջʶ˵͸ȴϣҵһ˿ļûеƣְƽ˵·
ԪæͷǸŮߣҪһѣȴŮһ˦жԻ⣬ֱԶȥ
ԪҲ⣬һȭâա
ں治ĸ棬Ŀʱ˸ǰԪϴ
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˵ȫʵҲˣһ٣ͼҲ˵ãֻȰɱˣ˫ĿУɱصļ
ǸŮΪޣһӵԹȴҶַйֻǶԪȴԹޡ
Ԫ⣬λҵŸոԪͨס
ң˼ȻҪΪֻȡһ꣬ȡԪ֮꣡ŮԽ룬ıԽǶԪԹޡ
ʱԪɵŮߣĿǰ˵ҼǴطƬ½Ҫ׹򣬷Ѱҵĵ
Ůߣû˵Ȼ֮дԪ
Խưʶ˵֮˲֮ǰҵĶԻ֪ڹУֻҪ㣬Ҷˡ
ģԪ취Ļأ
ԪΪȴ͸ģŮ˵ߣȴǶƽһЩȻԪĽͣһϿɡ
պ˵ķ֮УԶ˵ش½ıԵĿڣһ׹ͬһ㣬ڵޡ
ǰ׹ӵĪܣһЩͨʿȹ׹ҲҪΪǰҪСģڴ˵ش½ıԵԪͣӣͷ˵
վλãᵽ֮ɽ׳ͬģҲֻվſԸܵõ֮ɽ統֮ء
½ıԵǴӸ߿տ£ɲľ״Ʊһ˫˺һ㣡棬һƬƬĶϲ㣬һֱ·һۿȥͿͷֻܿ޾ޡ
·Ƭ½Ʈ֮У
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֮ɽ磬Щ׹סͬ˿һ㣬ǰ֮ɽ󲿷ƬԴӡ
֮ɽߵһĻ̱ĿеƬ½˴֮ķ϶У׹ӣʹ֮ɽ磬Բд档
һĻĻòͬһ˫֣˺Ƭ
Ϊ֮̾ͬɽ翴Ǹ޴ӡһ㣬ɽһĻĻʹɵĲ²ǰɽУʲôıʣﵽ̶ֳȵı
ֲûв¹ǹ£ֻһУȴкܶ಻֮ͬĬƬ̣˼ԪǸŮӡ
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ֵʻԪ˵ȹ׹ĹؼҪˡ
ŮӺһ´̷ɳһڵ˽Ϊƽûа档
ֺȴǷ֣ԪɲǼһ˿ûпסļֻ˲ϢɢصͬʱĿ֡
ûע⵽Լ˿
ŮĿϣҧ⣬һѪһƣһĺü֮ͬķӡ˸֮໥ӳϢ·ں˶һ㣬Ȼ֮ϡ
˽һһԲεĹĻɢԪǿļһ̤ĻϣվλãЩ죬ǽ⣡沿֣¶һ˿׷䡣
ԪŲµ˲䣬ĿһԪ˫ţ飬Ŀ磬Ϊ֮ݣ
Ůüͷһ壬ǰһ̤˴˽Ľ֮ϡ


745 ܺãܺ
ֵĿԪ˫ţڶԷ̤һɲǣֺȻһĸоƴˣһΪһ塣
ֵĿջأʶָ糣ǰȥƾ̤ޣ޵һ˲䣬ͷ·ĳޣߺ¡˲ϢӴ
֮ϵĸŮӣߣǼ崫֮˵ûʲôͨڶԿϣȴױȣһǰ˳׹⻯Щɢ׹⣬·Դ˽ûκӰ졣
ŮĿ˽֮ϵԪü΢壬Էվλãоܲ˿ȴǶ˵֮ʱ֮ٲ죬ȴʤϣ׹ǰȥ
һƬޣǰǿͷ֮ɽʿʧֻ˳׹⻯ҵȷķ
֮ķУԶԶ֮УϵĸŮӣĻʶ޷ɢ֣һĪ˱Լ˦˲ɣȻ֮УŮӻعͷȴ̺ƱĻ͸һ㣬סˣ֮Ȼһ̣ﵽ˶塣
ֻ󷽣һ¼Ϊݣ̤׹ϣƽأһһ档
׹ߣȫȴûκӰ죬ΪԪչЩ׹⡣
ֵĲУһľ׹⣬һĻǾԶҲĿͷ·Ǻҹеһյơ
֮ϵԪ˿ĳ꣬⽣⣬б˲Щٿزס
ѣкܾáܾáûˡԪĬУ̾һ̲Ů죬ʶĻعͷȥһ۾Ϳ˺׹ϵ֣ȴ˫ͫ͵һ
Ȼ̤֮ɽƬ֮˿֮ϣԪɫԳ˲ָ
һ·û˵ֻǷҹһ׹⣬ȴǽʧһֱжȹ˴º׹ڳ׵ûˡ
ֱʱֲ˿׹ⲢԸϺΪԪ̺֮Ħɡ
ּΪϲ̫Ŀǳˣ˵һЩԭֵ鷳˿ʹӦŷ
֮ǰ˵ԪǸŮӵļУһеƺǱ£ڿЩߡ֮УȻڹ۲ԪǸŮӶˣ˼
ŮӵԪ仯ŮӼԼ֮£ȫǴ˵ļƻĿϣϸĿ˶ΣʼûпʲôͬȻ׹⣬źǿĵֿޣ׹ԽԽŨȴȻʡ
һ·˾ûн̸Ůÿο֣ж¶֣֣Щˣּ飬̤׹ϰȻֵһУʹ֣һֿ־塣
뵽Լһ˿ڶԷУ²ѡ
ûֻЩͻѣ˼ȻǰӦòҼƽϣֻҪһ·ԸͿԱŮİ
Ԫѹжֵ𾪣վڽϣӰһƺһֱ㡣
ʱմҴңڣ˷˽µʱ䣬֮ɽ̫ˣڣûκһʿ·磬£ֻʣˡ
ķУʹøŮƢԴֻÿǰϵԪйʱȴǲ֪ΪΣһӰЩĪĸоƺһĻӰЩϤ
ϤĸоÿΣסƢֻ˺ܾãȴôҲ벻Ϥĸоʲô
ǾãʲôطһĻŮһ·ϵʱ䣬󶼷˼ϡ
һգŲϵ룬׹ԽӵŨ֮ǻصϣϵɢ֮кһ֮˷ɢ
̤棬Ҳ˲ʣĿһԾ裬Ϊʵģ׹⣬ϴ𶯡
ȻǴǰʹζɢ
ĹĻҲЩɢ·ʱ𡣸ŮЩţæӴ˲ٿȣԪü
ǰУԽԽң׹ƺ̺˱Ϣһᴫ¡¡ľ졣
ʼüͷн֮ɫŨֲĸоƺǰмΪµĴڡ
ǰ˵û֮ɽ磬Ҳ˵Ƭ׹ҵĻζǰ㿴Ԫһָޣ޵ľͷԼ˸׹⡣
ǰӦҲһ׹˿̾ǺԶȻԿ˸֮⣬ζģڵһ㲻ȫҲڵĴ󲿷֣棬ʲôڣ
Ƿأ֮ɽǰ̸Ƭ׹ζΪΪһζǣģƬ½֮ıŮɫ԰ף˿Ҳܵ׹𶯡
𶯣ȻԽԽƵԽԽңϵ׹ӵıŰϵɢΪˡ
Ԫָ֮Ѿ⣬ĬƬ̣ɫĿǰ˵𰸾ǰ棬˿Ѿû·ȥ֪
ԪͷҲ뷨Ѿôʱ䣬ǻͷҲ޲޵֮ˣ˵ױգѾû·Ҫֱǰ
׹Ļζ޵ԭУȴص㣬˿̣ˣԪŮӣ͵
ûм˵һһٶֱԽϵĶˣֱǰȥ
ԪֵıӰİ֮ǰȻûʩչȫ˺ܲ򵥣ҵĹսʤһʿ֮ˣѰ֮
ԽзɳûãȻĿһŲͣ£ǰֻǰ֮һƬɢէһȥޱ޼ʣǰȥ·ȫס
ʱҲ׷Ԫɵһϸ˼ۺɫһ䣬ǽƣ
֮ǰϳ̺һ˿֮˿̻˵Ȼǽƣƽİգ
Ԫüͷ¶ɫ˵ûаգƲһ˴໥ϣǽ֮ɽΣ˭ôȻóȽƣ
ɫأһĴжһָ̣һȦȦתͣԪָƬ̣оɫŨʱ̸ǡ顱һһƬɢ
켶Ʒƣ֮ɽΪھǧŰپʮ̵֮ΪۣӶγһӴޱȣ󣡡
ʱԶڣһЦţһ̤ץһȻһ׹
ףϷԵˣȻﶼܿϷҪȥ㣬Լˣܺãܺã


746 ɡ
ɫͫ͵һе׹ĺȻӵ֮Ԫ壬Ҳ˿С
Ͼɢ׹⣬̺һ˿֮˵ˡ
ߵΪ㶼͸ȴ󣬱ضΪǿԼָоڶԷϣһ˿޵ıԴϢ
ʶ˺󼸲߼ΪİضԷ˵ԵˣԼĿһɨԪϡ
ԪҲǼΪ죬ֵľٶȻ³ֲʶߣôȻ˿еԵˣ˵ԼϸĿ߼ۣĵΪɻ󣬱ȭ˵ǰ˵֮ˣǡ
ߴʱ̤߳ƬŨһԪһָ֣˵СһװͿϷ˵Ե˾㣡
ĿһĳǰδƽԵ֮˵
ߴּۣЦôˣܴϷͨ߳ϷԵˣ
ɫ˲һ䣬ߣĬƬ̣˵ԭǰ¡ֻǲ֪ǰΪλˡ
¶ͷǰһ̤־ץ˵ôϻϷ˵Եˣǣ
ɫˣΪӦսֻӣ
ߺٺһЦһץɲǼ䣬طԲʮ֮ڣ˲㱻һ籩֣̫ǿ̺ĻԪ
һץ֮£ֶʱɫ԰ףɲǼ䣬Ȼ޷ƶͬʩչ˶Ŀ֣Լץ
Ŀоһץ˲䣬ҧ⣬һѪδ£žѪ̺Եѧ֮óӶ֮˵ͨԾѪһѭ
ѭת֮£ץɲǣɶһ֮£̱˲ʧԶֺͷҲص̾ӡ
һٴ¶Ȥ֮ɫЦϷеԵˣȻһ˾˲Ϣķջ֣һģ
ղŵһץֻóһ֮˿һģȴ棬óɣһ֮£һ˲ŤͬҪ˺㣬ϵسֲơ
ת߿е˵
תۼ䣬һΣ·еķλȫı䣬ӶݵķһӣܿƵѸٺˣ̬֮ǰӶʱһģһ
ɲǣǰʱȴǷ֣ԼȻվ֮⣬亹ͷ£ͨѾ
ôˣ֣Ц
ֳĬƬ̣ȭ˵֪ǰкηԸΪ㣬޷ﵽǰҪ󡣡
ĿֵĴϣ˵޷ﲻϣ㴢ͷޣȴǿ԰ϣϷһʱգʱԻỹ㡣
ְ֪̾Է֪ԼޣһĴ޷ɳ޸һ֣ûü̱ߴһץסתžߣЦܺãȻһͷޣСһϷ򲻽ȡһͷޣǽ֮ɽɵʹߣǵޣδһϷ򣡡
޴˿̲Żȴŵȫ̬ϣǵһγ֡
ۿ߾Ҫ뿪һҧ˵ǰΪȡ֮ȡ᲻ɣ
߽Ųһ٣תһۣһЦ¶ͣ˵ҪꣿȤҲܰװޣֵּۣ߰㣬Ԫ壬ⶼʲô⣬Ϸһѣ
˵ţһץ̴ĳУתۼ㻯һȭͷСĹһǹڣһۣһӣֱ̱֡
̫죬ָ㣬ǹֱؿڡ
Щߴһ˦Ц˵Ǵȥұһ̣˦֮£һɴȻ֡ԪǸŮӣʧˡ
Щ죬ˣ´Ҫȥˡ߿һץŵޣԽԽϲЦͷޣϷ΢ʩӦÿ
СĿߣĿȴǲ֨
һΣקʧ˲䣬ٴγ֣ͷʧķһۣղǿ˼ɣһ㡭СһӦû°ɡˣûǾϷԵˡ
ǰһʧ
˱ߴһ˦ֱӴ͸ǰŨ߾ǺХٶȣѾͨݣ⼸Ƿһ㡣


747 ȼ
ɲǼ䣬ǰһӱ̤˴֮ϡ
Ԫɫ԰ףʮ£ڸŮӣѪɫºŻٶ̫죬ʹЩ޷ܡ
µ˲䣬һɾʹ̴ؿڱǹ֮ĴʹͬˮɲǱû
ָоͷ·һˣһ̿һ㣬ڷɢȣ·Ҫȫپ
ԪһĿһ֣˿̵֣ɫΪʹ࣬ڣ·һŻȼա
ŮӴ˿ɫ˸֣˿ֵ״̬ƺЩһĴжһѺɫذס
ذ׸һó껷ƣذףͬĴ֮о綾ɸʴذڷӡ꣬ǶԪ˺
Ԫüͷ΢壬ȴûֹǴ˾ôɱˣҲ˵˼ȥǸطҲ߲һ
Ů֪˿ǧѷĺûᣬǷǽʱһҧսذףҪǰ
ʱ͵˫ۣве⣬һŻ棬ֱĶֳذ׵ĸŮӣɳƵ˵ذײҪô
Ůӵľ¶ŨŨĿ־壬ʶ˺󼸲ǡǡ˵ţæذڵϡ
ֱ˫ۣٴʱָһץذ׷Уһۣ봢ڡ
۳Ĺţֵڱ˼Σһֱڣȼյĸоʼմڡ
ֻǣȼգΪȴǲûлźܴĺôȼգԸоõԼΪ޵ĽӽͻʶԲ
̣ȴʹ񣬺ֵĶǧ֮Ȼʯ˿Ӳסʹ࣬ʹڱϸͿ쳣
Ԫ˵ĵطƬ½ɫ糣ɳƣƽ˵
ԪΪɲһͷ˵ǰ޷ȷҪƬ½λù۲һſɡ
ֿԪһۣһͷ
ԪһǰȥǸŮӣ˿̶ּΪ־壬æԪ󣬾ˣȻоõһ˫ɱĿ⡣
ֲĸں棬֮ûɱŮӣΪŮȻԪĹؼŮ֮֮ɽ磬Ԫܴԭ
֮ǰĲ²⣬ԪĿǰƣȫ֮ɽŮɵĻãȴûô棬
ֲɫһں棬һھ޴ʹߣִ˿Ǹӡ
һл˸ԼԵϾΪʹ֮лߣһ棬ȴǺ֮ǣҪޣϷŪ
̾һսѹڵʹܸоǹڽĳָı䣬ָı䣬ƺҪ۳׵״̬תγһѪ֮
һֲ̣֪ãȴȫתɣʹٵʱԼΪͻ޵һ
֮ǰΪѾԲ⾳Ҳ׸ı䣬Ϊ֮ȴʼͣڴԲľ磬ͻƣûа
˿̣ԲѹʹʹȫıˣſԸٵ
ʱ֣ǴԶȥԼпԿл˸·лȼգǾˣʱᴫ΢žž֮
ڷһ㡣
Ԫǰ֮Уδͷֻü֮ȴн֮΢˸ͨƣܶҪʶſɵͨ
ڵ״̬һһ񣬰ֵΪԽߣбԽ˳ֻǲĴﵽ飬Ļǻбʡ
ܳˣԪ
һºƬ½λãԪϸ鿴˰죬ڶеĻһ㣬ãͷƬ½Ѿȷǽ֮Ĵ·λֻڴ˵أǶ׷λԪת֡
ɫ糣ƽ˵·ǡ
ȷ˷λ·ٶȻԪҲʱ䣬չٶȣ⴦Ƭ׵ıԵɽһε׹ޡ
ŮΣֻܸ棬º󣬴Ĵ½Ƭһգһ½ϣԪĿһǰһƵɽ壬¶һ˿ؼļ
ˣ


748 
Ŀƽɽ壬ɽ̫ߣһۿȥͿͷǬһ㡣
һĵ⣬˸˳ɽߣƵĻص
ŴɽֺƿԸܵһɲɣϢɽ͸⣬Ǵɽ֮ꡣ
Ůɽ壬¶֮âһʶĿԪʱԪŮӣʹ䱳Ӱ˸ŮӵС
ɽٿԪıӰ֮ǰϤĸоһ̷׷ӿɲǼ䱬Ů¶֣ʱҪŨ
ˣ
ʱԪתĿ˸ŮһۣѴŮڵĻֹסͷĬƬ̧̣ͷʱһƬƽһС
ɽڶƣ֮ɽ翪˶Σ㿴ɽĽƣмȫƳԪɽ壬˵
ŮӳĬƽɽ壬ɽϤֺİ
߰ɣƽ˵
Ԫ˵ͷǰһһӽɽ壬ɽ֮£֮ŨĿһƬƬɢ䡣
ԪĽŲᶨ̤ɽʯ֮ϣɽ·Ȼ֮ɽο֮£ɽҲ̽ѰܶΣأƵƳȻȻһ·
ŮӸԪ֫ڣ˫ǰԪıӰĬĬʵӦÿġӰСǶôơԭǲǴ˵
Ů¶ɬˣΪԪڼڣһУΪԷĽӴ
뵽ˣԪ֪ʲô˷֮ɽ磬Ǽ岻ǰ
ٱ֮ʱǸӵĿ⣬ָŮӵУʱֻǾĿ֣ȴûжʣ룬ˡ
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·֮ɽǸҵĽأ
һУΪԪĵȫıˣΪ˼м󣬵ڶ̤֮ɽˣģֻԪ
ԭҽ֮ɽ磬ΪԣѼдзҡŮӲЦ
ԪӦңҰһ˿ûأҲΪ겻ܼװɡŮһ̣һƬƿ͸һС
ɫֵı仯ȻӲֵ˫Ŀķ֣Դӿɽ󣬴Ů䣬˼ϡ
ĿӴŮԽԪıӰɫƽȴ¶һ˿Цִ˿Ѿ϶ɣԪ⵽ԼǽƣҲΪԼ֡
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ԪĬƬ̺ɽƲڲ֪Զޣ¶꣬ҵˡ
üͷʱԪת֣µ֮ǰûɽʱȻͬƻ˸һ㣬֣̤ɽΪûĳ벻ģ
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˿̽һɢ̺Хأɽһ̶ڣ⽣̫죬գ۾ԪǰͬһıͣԪüġ
أ䡣
Ԫ˫ĿƬ̺˵ˣǾñ겻ԣ
¶֮âԪĻ͸Լ룬Է˵ڴ˿̷ѣϧóĽĿģٵȶԻ仰


749 뽣
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ֻԪ̫أЩȷ˵ǷֻʶԲΪʴһ·ϣδ֡
˿Ŀĵأɽ֮ʣŷѣ
ԪĬ֮΢΢һЦ˵÷ʮ˽֮ȻֿУĳǡһĴóһö򣬷üƬ̣Ӹ֡
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ĶߣкƴĺХǰһƬ谵ۿȥȫƵˣֳַָȥս
Щˣ׹˸ּ䣬пµͨεضֱӳա
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ϣͬҲһˣӣȴԪûаƣ
˽һе˷׷ɢ˸һּ㿴һ۶㱵Ľֱӳ
ϡ䣬žĻþУһƽź
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һı͸ƺһվڽ֮ϵˣе죬˿̣죬ˣ֮ϣӰˡ
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Ӱɺɫһ֣һŨѪĸ뿪Ŀ¶֮ɫ
СϷˣӰʵһۣ췢üӡ
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ޣĽڼԪһ̣һ𣬷ĳЩ۵ѪڣѪѵһɲǣڡ

໥ں۵Ѫһ̣ˣֳѪΣѪ治ĵڱзֳ֣һѪԪԿ˼ٶѸӶݣһǵأ֡
ֵѪΣһӱ˳ëףȫڣʹĴһΣٴһѪ˷·һɴײֱӱ׳ʧڡ
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ֵӣĳƬ½ĵͣȫԣȴѸٵĸı䣬ڣӴԪЩԪǳǴѪΡ
Ԫ񣬴˿Ҳ˾˵ı仯ôŨԪȻʼա
Ϊ龳磬Ѹٵƶ
ⷶΧƬ½⣬ԭӦôƲ㣬˿̣ȴƲûƲ㣬뵱֮ʶ٣һģһ
˵Ѫ棬˿ѪںϣԪѣָʶֻӣȴûʵʣһƬѪɫ
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жֵĺޣѾﵽ۷壬ûô޹һˣ֣ǵһ


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ǾҲõ԰ǵĵӣĳɾͣƾһϵлԵƵѪ浽˵ز
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ϸǶദۣǸһ˿ڣΪˡ˿̵Ԫܴ˱ļƾżͨߣ
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һһ٣λһЦɫΪݣ˵ϼüȻϲϻа˰ѣһһȡӺδõһͬ㡣ΪͬʶԲߵǸߣȴǼΪ
ߵΪڴˣһ۾ͿԿȻﵽ龳۷塣


770 Ҧң1
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ָоԽԽǿңһԾԾԵĳ嶯Ŀһǰ޾ޣڵĳ嶯ﵽ۷壬·Ҫںϡ
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771 Ҧң2
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һ·ϣϵƸ࣬ұ۸ΪõӶݣϾȥˣѾ˸ãǸϣһЩɫС룬ЩС棬棬ͷųһֶ档
ԪָоԼڣԪУǰɫС䶯·Լӣһ̣Ϊǳӵļ塣
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772 Ҧң3
֪֣ںδʶʶһɨ̣ȴɫ˲ŨɱԷӡѪһεı
Ԫ˫ۣѾ࣬ģȴǻɢ
ҪôҲգҲһֽѣֻ֣ĳûдĽԪЦ
ѾܵһУ˫ͫڣԼɼֻɫС棬䶯ǣԪȴûκʹ
֮ˣҲҪϣԪ˫Ŀٴۣ¶һ˿ᶨԲˣһ٣ת󷽲׷ˡ
ԪУ¶Ũĺޣ
ĳԩ޳𣬼ǿĳȡ߾ǣȴϷŪңĳҲữй˺⣡
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ЩƸһ֣һʮˣɲǼ䣬ԪܣĽͺһѪ˽֮ϡ
ֻѪҺУҲвٰɫС棬Ϊˡ
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´һž֣һ֮±˺֮ϣʱһƺеĹâ˹ž֮ϣǺ߶ʱ
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ѾûΣԳˡ˺ɫ䣬˿ûΪʿȴһʶСֵܸ߳С
˿̲ǿİɽΪԪıѷɽʧȥϵץУֱӸߵŮӡ
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ߣɫ糣һƬȻ
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̧ͷԶǼӶݵӰ¶Цǰһ̤ɲǼڣʧԭء
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һ֣ͬħ߶УоһŨ޷Ԫ˲ϢܣӣɲУ޷ƶ㣬ԪҲŨԪڣҲˮа㣬
ǵһ죡ֳɽ˫ָߵϣԪŷֻһߵۣɲǼһƬѪӴԪһαЩѪУȫĸɸɾ
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ûнڶ֮ɢƬ̣ӸոջָжɲǣӱԪѸٺ˵˲䣬ֱٴ

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ӴӰ£ԪߣԪֱӰԪüġ
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߼УƷ֮ĴֵķӡĴ֮ˣ޷ڣϣԪ԰ƷӡƳİ
ֵԪ£˻һ磬һûȥκƬ½֮ɽڶƬλãϵرƽ


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ܱϿɫ糣ʵȻκ˵𾪡
յ㣬ԪӤڣһǵɶ࣬ӵм伫ǰ֮⣬ǵڶ¶˼Ƭޣֱ֮ɽڶƬλá
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ڼ̵ʱڣΪﵽʵ֮š
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ٿߣ˿ߣֱӻ磬һͬʱһָкȵ
һϹлûѸֵ֣תۼ䣬һɫĹ̳֣ŨϹ˸ϡƣΪѤ
ɢɳƵĵͺȴֿдϹʱһ𣬱ˣһɻεĲƣͬŭ˰й
Ⲩ̺֮˿ɢʿۺΪȫ̸оһɴ͵ײϣ̫ǿײ֮¶ʱеʿȫԼٶȷ˺
깫սҵҲˡ
ɲǼ䣬ܷԲʮڣһհ׽磬ֻʣˡ
촽ɫк󣬸ղʱ٣Ҳ˲¶ʮʿ˿Ŀһȴǲȥսһ֮£ٴԶƿʿȥ
Ԫһһٴ׷дȵˮɾȻΪ˻ָΪɳɺʿ֮£б£ͿϷһܣöˣ
ȥһ٣ת¶ɱ˵ˮ
ƨˮˮˮߵϵĴ
ĿɱɲŨһתٴγԶɢ׼ʿ
ˮȴԼֶǣǿɱ߳̾ȴͲΪһ֮±ʧӰԶʿ
ֿĿԼߵԪ¶߷֮ɫһͬأʱȴԶһʶʿߡ
Ҫ̣Ϸֺʶʿ۾¶־֮ɫͬʱһ߳ʿϡ
ʱһɴʿһ߷֮˾ȻںϣɲǼʧȥӰ
ûͣ٣ڰʿ߷ɵ˲䣬Ӱʧһʿԣͬһ߳
꣬˷˶Ǹչٶȣһɢһɣȵģٶȡ
깫ӶУ˲ƶֻɲǼ䣬˲Ʊ̱ϣӴбıƳͬʱаӰߣһץֱ¡
깫ɫһһ֮ˣ˿˫̱֮һ֡
׳ɰɫһ֣һƣϸ΢˿˷۶һ㡣
ף깫ֻһȫΪ۷֮ףǵֵĵ㻯֮Щ׷֮ԴӶڲϵ
أγһδ֮ǰսУ깫ʼûá
ףܣ˵Ϊһףָӳ羴Ϊϵָ㣬Ϊȷģõ£һ죬Լ׷׵ıԴ
˿̣Σ֮£ȴϾ룬һʩչ
а꣬ڿ׵һ̣Ҳɵһеıɭȴûɢ㣬ֱץ
깫һ֮Ƴ֮ɢŨİ֮⣬һ̱֮Уֱһ󣬱Ǳףסֱ顣
깫һʱ˼ѸٺˣʱԶһ۾Ϳ깫ӲܲٿأԪȴǿ߹ͨ
Ԫ񴫳
ߵԪһȴûоܾ߷ߵʿֱһζ޵ɲǣȴǳ깫ߣٵаֱӸһ
һ¡¡ľصа˺ͬ˺󣬵ȴںҽų깫һߣ깫һļУ̱߷ɣڰأʧ
аĿһۣһΣ̴̷ֳЩǼѣתۼ䣬֮ǰڶ˴սܵɢʮٴγ֡
ֺɢԼٶȣԶӶеʿ׷ȥ
ԸоߵԪһŭһٿֱֵϷȥ쿪˫ۣһ֮һɰԪڷɢ֮䣬ϵ֮£̺ȡء
·һֱ̣ء˫Ŀ¶֮âеͳ
ɲǼ䣬Ӷ֮еʿԪ
ɢֿеٴδ
˲ϢУеʿȫܿƵıԪۣǿе뵽أһ˫εشڲŪһ㡣
˿ǴϷ¿ȥĿһʿӰѸʧתۼ䣬ܣκһʿڡ
ֻʣʮ
ԵĸоߵԪ񣬼ΪʱɢȻ;ƿݵĵز
̵ģһΣϷˣ
¶â̤䣬ֱֶ
Ȼȫ㣡֮УгǹǰһףʱⳤǹһΣһâ֡
ͷƤ飬ߵԪǿٿӣӳ
аں󣬲ϵرƽٿߣӶ֮ʱأһʧ
а꣬ȴͬأƾӦ׷ᡣ
ٶ̫죬˲Ϣ䣬ݺԽƬ½أа¶Ц˵ʱ֪Ŀģѱ㱾ڣҲգȥһΣ㱾ɣȴǱȵĹ˵ʿñΪָ


792 ӽԶ֮
ִ˿ߵԪڲٿʩչ֮ʱֻǶúٵԪȫǴ֮ȡ
ֿͨǳȡ֮鼫ΪƣȴЩͬȻΪ¡
ֻͨı仯Ȼִ˿Ϊ̫࣬˵ܵȴʼһĤ޷͸
߲ٿӼٶУϾȥ˼ͨԵĸоڵߣԪڲϵɢɢٶȼ졣
Űʱ䣬ߵԪѾɢȥһ룬ȫԪΪۣȡٶȡ
ٶȣѾֲǶˣ֮Уһ֮±޾ǰһк±޵ߵģѾգ̤֮ϡ
ȫһִ˿̣ȴ벻Դٶȵı仯
Ҳ֣ѾسɴڵڶʿĴͨż˵ǰ̤أȫҪķκʱ䣬ͬǺһı֮УȴҲ׼֮£ʱʩչ
ǻʿΪͬﵽʵûسɴִͨ磬ô߲ٿ֮ʱ̱Ԫ޷ͻȻľұ仯ش΢һЩ̱Ԫ
֣ѾسɴżȻԪЩ޷ֳʱԴͨߵ״̬
ԪĲٿ£ûд̤֮Ǳں״̬·һУԪ񶼷ֳЩֻصһ֡
һλã˲ϢﵽֻȻͨһЩƣĻߴں֮£ֱȥ䱾ڣ㼲ۡ
ʱ䣬˵ͺƾ˰꣬»һ籩籩̫ǿͷ·Ƿ籩еһƬ޸Ҷŷ籩ϵתŲԼ籩˺顣
״̬Ϊʹ࣬ȴ˵ĺôԪڷ籩вϵ£ںϵĸоԽԽ̣󣬼ؿ֮УҲ޷ȥɢ
ʿ֪˿ֵ״̬һȻĶ޵ĵڶصԪ֮⣬ǽչ򣬲ٿع򣬵һж̫Ʈ죬޷ȷĽͣԣںϣΪһıȻ·
ֻ֮ںϵԽܣſԻʸ
ɣ˿̵֣Ԫ񣬱İУһ˫֣ץǿںϡ
ʹʹӣôȴʵʵڣ
ԪںԽԽܣԭصһְ㣬ֱ˴ˣһ״̬£ֵ⾳Ҳ˴ԪĴ໥ӡ֤
Ԫ⣬úôģֵ֮ǰһϵеϴӣѾԪֱ˴ˡ
£ߵĲٿ£ʱأһԪһ޵ںϡ
⻹ص㣬صصĹУνɢʵϾһֱ֮ȴû״̬״̬£ſ֮ۡ
õĴ״̬УȻȻҲ֮룬·ÿһ˿⣬ÿһѪҺڣ֮
ȻһУ߹⣬һϵǵߴ߳ȥ䱾ֵ֮ԪҲ
а꣬ص״̬¼ֹۣ֮ɽ籱һƬ½ϿգֵӰһΣû
ӳֺɲǣߵԪ񳹵׵ɢʧ˲䣬ֱָ˶Ĳٿء
ΥϤӿͷ²ٿֲ˼ȫԪת˳źëɢγУɲǼԱ
һУֱӽԪбĳٶȸһӰ˲䣬аһֱԪг裬֮ǰ֮ץա
ֳ֮ûаͣ٣̻һֱԶȥͬʱһĴɽ֣ԥӳ˵ն޾
̳ܵ˴Ƭѷ죬һεĽڳֵɲǣ㱻ֵն޾˺ѡ
ɫٶȸ죬һ֮ǰԹзλȫĿ˿ȴǲٷ֮ͬ¡
акâһһƬ½üͷ
˵ǵ֮ɽĳ̨֮ɽĺģųԶûʧʱΪӽ֮ԶʱԶ½磬һ̤ڴ˵ءѱͬɾʵ֮ˣкĿģ


793 
һһԶֵӰ̧֣ǰһָָ֮ǰһɫĹͬʱ֮䣬ƾճϸߣѸڹڣʱâֱӷɳһ֡
ȫëİԽп࣬ߣ˿ˣѪѪѾõȴ޻Ӷݡ
Σ֮ʣһҧ޷תſ³Ƭӡǰ˿Ǻɫ٣ֱ˴ӡϣʱһ¡¡ľȻ֣Ƭӡ̾ҵĲ
ֻǣȴûб
ȴһɴڴֱϣɫ԰ףһѪӡ̺ˡ
ΣûнƬӡڴݳӴͬһ֮֮Ѫϣȴ¶
ɱңûôףֳֵƬӡһֻڴһģһֱӳ֡
ֺһΣϵɽͼɲǼܣ·ؼ˺ڰ׶ɫΪһĻɽˮ֮
һɺ֮ɽˮ͸̤ɽˮ֮У̸оȫ֮ɢɽˮ֮дĺ֮ϵƬӡڣϵĿֲ
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ɽͼоǧ꣬ͼɼʿҲƵ
аЦУǰһҪ׷һ٣Ŀ˸⣬µĴء
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ʮŸƬ½֮䣬ȫӣÿһϣһͷקա
һ֮ɽڣ·ֻʣƬ½ľصʮŸƬ½ڶ޵Ĵ£ֻ𶯣ת
ΧλõƬʮ˸Ƭ½תٿʼлƬ̺ȴԽԽ졣
󷨱ԵƬ½Ƭ໥ӵ˿ͱһҲûκֹת
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ʮŸƬ½ϣÿһ棬еɽȫ̮ҵ𶯣֮ɽıʣ
ʮŸƬ½תľ޴УǷ·γһԨ֮
££֮ɽĲУɽ磬ʼı
ⲻһƬ½ıĳյ̮֮ɽ磬ԵɽһѻƬǵڶΣΧı
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֮ɽʿ˿ȴȻ޷Ա
аӣ˿Ҳ׵סˣôҲû뵽Լ֮ˣȻôĶ
֮ɽƬΪ󷨡ӣ²ô򵥡ĪǴ֮ɽ磬ɷɣаӵļʶ˿Ҳò˵һ䣺ӣ
ָĿɿڴ߻صȫѷĺХԼԶԶص֮ɽĺ¡¡죬Ƭ½໥ҵײһ㣬̻֮ܲϵسѷ죬һеĻϢͷƤ顣
һĳЦ֮صͬʱУӰûĿ¶˷ܣڵϷǰɽٴΣﻮ꣬ʿ˭Ϸ֮ɽ磬Ƶպˮɾ˭ң
Ϸ԰֮ɽΪ˭ҵ֣Դ˴򿪿ռݣӴ֮ʿҲʯɽӣϷ걻Զ֮ʱ˵һգҽʿ̤ƽˣ


794 ɾˮ
֮ɽ磬ʮŸƬ½ת֮УΧı̮Ǿ޴дǿص֮ɽ硣
ΧıϵسԽԽңеѷԽԽ࣬˲֣ͬһڻѸӳǾܽһĻ𺳵ͬʱ̱㱻ɡ
˿̣Ŀ¶֮âƮڰգ˫쿪ʱµƬ½Ҳת
Ϸɴ󣬽գɣӴЦУ˫ȫԪӿֶ´أ˲ӣûоͷ
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а꣬Ŀһ˵ɽΪȷȤֻǣˣûз飬кã
еӹһЦ˵˭˵ûУ飬֣˵ţſ³һâ
ǻâڣһĴСĹž˾ӭ㳤˲Ϣ̱γһ˶ߵԲδ󾵡
һŤڷɳһԪ񣬴Ԫһ֣̱ŨԪ
ʿԪ񣡡Ŀһ
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ңΪȻһ۾Ϳ˿еӣǱ壬öķ
ԪһƬãȻֵɲǣӵͺȵʮȥ
һԪ˫Ŀ̱⣬ƵȼʶһȭһΣڣתۼ㻯һƬԪʧһ޷׵ķʽ˲ϢУԪ㵽ʮŸƬ½ԵеһϣԪڡ
ǵʮŴƬ½ƻһ㣬Դ
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飬֣¶˷ܣǹžŤңɳһԪԪһ֣ɢԪҪ֮ǰĶʮ˸̵ϳʵʿԪ
Ʒɣа꣬ɫʼ糣ƽ˵
ʵԪַ֮ɳʮԪһͬأʧʮŸƬ½ɵľ󷨣ʱеʮȻһ䣬ӣҷ󷨵Ҳһ̣޾
֣ӿЦΪ˽죬׼꣡
žһһΣԼʮϢ󣬲ŻشڷɳһԪ񣬴ԪΪϣЩήңֺȴһɼΪӴԶԶ֮ǰʮԪԪܡ
ǡ˫ͫ͵һԪ֮󣬼Ϊ£뵱Ļü棬¡
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ƷɣаĿһ촽˵
Ԫֺ̧ͷ˿գ˫ãȻУ׷ֻӵһͺ£ԪȴһĿ¶η壬һΣʧ
ɽеߴƬͻȻ֮䱬һɰѹ󷨵ٴα
ûнǹžУһ˫͵ش̽Ҫ⾵˺ѣ߳һԪ
Ԫһӣһɷ˺֮߳ʱ̧ͷϵɷʱ𣬾Ȼʵʣγһɺɫķ籩
Ӳ˺¶𾪣Ѿ޷ԪΪֻǸоѪȣ硣
Ʒɣа¶̰֮ɫȴûǰᡣ
ӣ¶һ˿΢ɲź˵ϷĵĸԵˣϧ񣬹λ
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Ԫһߣ֮Ȼһ䣬ЩΪֵѷ죬һ̶ͣˡ
ûԪɢߵĳ֣ȴٴ˺ϴѹˡ
Ʒаоһ
ߵԪ񣬺ûãһƬ󣬿һأĿϣһͷɣǵĳŵ
һ仰Ԫأʧڵ崦Ƭ·ϣһӴϢ
֮죬ž֮ϵѺ۸ڣٴ߳һԪԪȫͨ죬ѪһɼŨĺ⣬Ԫֵ˲䣬
Ѫ棡ɫ䣬ӺˣֱĶȥֻƬ̺ȴ⣬ԪѪ棬˫Ŀȴ޹⣬ûκɡ
ѪԪֺ󣬳Ĭ´أ룬ֻ䳹ɢ˲䣬ȴ̧ͷһۡ
񣬹λ
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ž֮ѷɲǼٴμҲһһѷ죬ʹžƽҪһ㡣
ϲһһΣȴԪͬʱ̤һԪΪʵʣ֮С
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գ˫Ŀ¶˷֮âȵԭ׼ʮŸԪ񣬲ûѪ棬ѪԪȴǸı⣬ʱ滻һ
ӵĻ֮ɽ磬˾䣬ʮŸƬ½ӵ˷֮飬·ӵԣ˲СγʮŸưƬӵܡ
ÿһƬϣ˿̶ƮһʶѸٵӵڣʮŵʶȫں̹âһʵ
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ɵ۰׷䱯Ŵӡ֮ϣ֮һ죬˿Գѣ
ɵ۰׷֮ˣΪˮΨһһӣ֮ɽУΪϣΪɵ֮ˣ˵꣬һĴ̴óһöǹϣȻ˺ܾá
ɵ۰׷£ˮƽɼһ֪һ֮£ֱаȥ
˽ӹɼ򣬳ĬƬ̣¶ã


795 Э
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ӰвѸǰһģʮŸƬɢǰʱˮ̧ͷһ̫󣬸̺һ֮
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ǰʮŸƬ̳ˮһ
¡һ죬ˮ֮ǿȴҲӲǱ˰ɣ˫ĿΪͨ죬˺˹״̬һγ
üͷ壬û뵽Էɼ򣬾Ȼ˱ʣֲ˿̶Է״̬ȴһ
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󣬷תӵͺУ󷨴ʮŸƬն֮ͬѸٷɳɲǼ㻷˳ˮܡ
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ǽ󷨣ɲǼڷݺᣬһɨ޴Ӻںϣֻ¶ͷſڴȥ
󣬺ɨ֮··ز٣·ǰһжΪ顣
ɫӺˣкȵ󣬾ԪʮŸƬʱӿֳԪЩԪ˲ۣγʮŵ磬ɳֱǴ硣
飬ľص˲ϵ˺Ѫÿһξ춼һ𣬵˫ĿȴǼΪĿת
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ʮ˺ɣɫв԰ףת󣬶˵ҲǲСĸɣԭս磬˼ѣѾڶԷͨʵ̫ǿ
ͨȴ֮ǰٿʱûпʩչ˿̵һοͨνǴһ
֮ɽ統֮ʱɵ۰׷Ϊ׷ӣĪǲΪʦ𣿡üͷ壬򲻵ѣʵڲԸɾսļƻкܴĳ롣
ɱһǰһ̤׷ͬʱ˫ǰһӡ̱仯һָʣȵ꣡
ɲǼ䣬ޣԲǧ֮ڣ̳һεξӨ͸ˮһΣЩηѪһƬ
ǧӳ˺â֮Уͬʱ˫ǰһָкȵ꣬ӡ
һֻ֣֮ǧеˮΣɲǼΪ˱ҴⲿѸ͵죬תۼ˴໥ӣֱλõӶȥ
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ӴУʮŸƬ̻תγһУͬʱЩƬŴ󣬼˲Ϣ䣬ɢ
Ҳҵ伮֪ɾʧȥǵͬһʱ䣬ɽڣͬɾ㣡һУ֮ɽҵ𰸣ûд𰸣Ҳŵᾡȫɾȥ硢ɽѰԵɣ
ʮŸƬתγһ޴Уɢ֮ѸӶıԿ
Ϸ򲢲㣬ֻǲԸ㽻ս֮ƿӡϷаܳɹˮĪҪңҲŭ𣬴ȵ
ˮɱǿѹ£ӣ˵һ㼫ɣ


796 ʦ֣
ĿأɾҪָΪҪԪʿһͬȥ֮ɽиĴͨʿɾò˶ãɻָ۷壡
ɣˮƽ˵
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֮ʱ֮ɽڵγϣڣһڣŴ˾ɽ֮󣬴ϣһ˿ԶϢϷ뿪֮ʱǾл˿Դ򿪡
ţӵʹɽأһУȻ㵱־ĪĹϾһУʵ̫ɺˣɱ֮󲻵꣬ɽ˵ûϵϷţ
ˮǲǵˣЩȻͬ⣬˵ãսɣϷ򽫲֣󷨱ȫĿɱһʮŸƬ½Ȼһ٣ֹͣתڣȴһɼΪµϢĴ
ˮӣĿкâҫһ˿֮һ̾һѾˣʱɽ伮֪˵ǰ³ɽ⣬ȡѰҰֵļƻ
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ԣһˮƽĿڣĿâɽ̱һֱӷɳֵɲǣб˲ʧһ壬ֱһƬȥ
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˵ţһĴһ糤̵Ͻǣһֱֶȥ
ת̤Уˮͬʱ̤룬ڽǰͷһۣĿ¶֮âһӰʧС
˲䣬ɢУֻʣһˡ
ϣܸܵϤϢѧ˺֮Ҳ㱾ʦˣúǱʦһ֮ͨһĪҪУʹɳ
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˿̵֮ɽڣͻȻʮŸƬ˵в٣֮ǰıȴûֹͣΪҡ
ʵͬǺĺХ֮ɽڻصϣУԺ˴ĵײ⡣
ַУ޷֮䣬ֻСĽıܿһռѷ죬֮ɽڣãķС
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ӰһܿһռѷͻȻĿ̱һ˵깫ڽ֮ɽʱ˵һ仰
£ҪѰҵ깫ֱ˫ۣԪ깫ĵ꣬ƾ΢ĸӦƬ̺һΣı䷽ȥ
깫мٷУ֮ɽ٣ȴ֪һ뿪ĵط
Ǳɵ֮ɽڣõΨһһҲͨ󷨣ɵʹҪɽţԽ
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797 1
սͬҲзУΪ½ɵʹߣȻ֪Ǵڣ˿̼Ŵ֮طȥ
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ʱȻĿһҲԶ缲ۣⳤһŮ˴˿̾ɫ¶ǡ
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798 2
˿ڴ̱ע⵽ǰԶϥ֣ӷߵһӣһսܿ˵λǣ
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˵ɫһ졣
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üͷָо鷳֪ˣ֮ǰ˵ʲôҲȥսܿ˿̰̾˿񣿡
ӷһûشԱߵսܿæ˵һֹһһʱ
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˷ХأǺ֮еʿһ˫Ŀ̰¶֮ɫҪ֮ʱȴûע⵽УͻȻһɶ೤Ŀռѷ죬Уһ̤ѷڡ
һŭʧӰֻǺȻص


799 3
ƬԶԶطȥ棬ʿᣬһ̣ǣЩڰƬϵʿϥбӰĿ⣬ȫǴžη
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깫УȻתԶٶİƬһ۾Ϳ֣ʱ¶һΣֱֶ
깫μ깫⣬ֵĿ⣬˿ȵĳ羴
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֮ɽıڰƬļУﵽ۷壬УƬƬĿռѷ쵹޾ĺ硣
½죬ǲϵش
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800 
һ֮һҪǿһһ϶޷赲
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ʶʿʵ֮ŭӣ֣·֮ǲɿԽĲ࣬磬ɽûбǰԼεıϥεĹ
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ƣڶʿƣ˵ش߸ɵʹߣ׷ɫ䡣
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802 İƪ
ʧɲǣڵƬأɶǧɻѷɶʧ㲻֮ɽ磬һ̣ѷ촵Ű
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֮ɽڣδü뿪ʿУ˲㱻⣬ǰֶǷУǱĿȴ
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УϱΩУ࣬Īڣʿȣࡣ
˵Լн߳ɵĵطʿ޷̤֮أΪǿգҲǼΪΣգһЩԶԶʿ֪޴ڡ
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Ǿ֮ǴӴ˿д֣¶־壬Ѹٺˣ·УǺˮһ㡣


803 
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񳵣֮ǰһĬУֶ񳵺ڹ߸ģһĴ޷ɳ
Ȼûгˣ˿һһɿ磬Х֮صȦΪ˷ܡ
֮ܡ
ܴӴڻûһԵĵϣĿ¶ɢ֮ɫſﲻԸŲ
ų޺ֳóɽֵָڽһֺһģҪ˵Ŀһɨֹס
ҼԲڣҪ̤룡ƽ˵
æͷؿڣһҳϵ˵ӷģҪ̤ҵʬ壬򲻻κܽһΪҶսΪҶأûκһܱȵĹҡ
üͷæĵ˺ڰɱԵػ͵ۿһۣȷԷûעԼİˣƨĵˣ˵Щ̫ȻĻɷҲ˵˼Щ͡
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⣬һڰػһ߿˵һЩĵǾǿģһЩ
ͨˣɣСӶľϡ
ۣпǰȺӣ
ףʲô⡭⾹Ȼӵķ֮ӣСӼʿУһܸߣⱲȷ飡
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޷УһζҲһЩֻǣȴЩףɵúʱΪϼ䡣
ųޡ˫ܲ˼ƣŷǰ񳵣üһ㣬üĹâһֵԪ϶
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̱һɿԪǺɫݺ֮£Ƭ̺㱻Ԫ֮ݺݵؼѹ
ֻƬΪǿѹ֮ȴûбΪǿĵֿ
ǻʶ֮ʱĵĵֿ֮£ԪȻܲסԿϵһС
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һǲϵֿķĳܲסˣɲǣǿ͵֣ϵسķƬ
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ģԪ̫ſ֮ʣУĸһԪ̱㻯һɿ񱩵ֱ˳Ԫ
кâһԪһƣݺᣬϵĻֱ֮ǷĶȥ
ֻԪУһХڷϣһΣʱϵغǷڱ֮ɲǼԪ֮С
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ʱţתۼ䣬չȥУʼһδ֮Ԫ񽥽ָʱУѡɽ棬дȺˣ˵Ρ
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ֻǴɢѹȴ
һ죬˫ۣüһ㣬Ԫٴηɳֱ񳵶ȥԪһ֣̰о


809 屰
̫ԪЩУΪˣ
ѡߣֵԪĿ¶֮ɫ̾һǰȭϡɣѯ
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һĻðĿһȫֱĿȥ
ʱһת£̷ָЩѡˣȵҼڴ̤ʬ壬򲻵ý벽
ⷬ˵飬͸һҲ˴ӵƣ֮ǿγɱ磬ɨ
ѡߣ˿æ˺󼸲˵ǲ̤ɣֻЩ衭
û˵꣬һȣסڣ̤ʬ壬ǲܴҼ˰㣬һӸ裬ӰҴˮ֮оȳӽͨ˴еԵӴΪҼˣңͬ⣡
ⷬ˵ļΪ¶¶֮ɫ·ؼ䣬ԺǿĴڣҪӲǣҲһüͷһú
ѡһⷬĶУȴǱидȫ壬ʵϣ˵ʹӡ
˶֮һ֣ѡ壬Ҳ߿Ŀ⣬͸֮ɫİû뵽Ȼһ֮ˣ֮ңɼʹӣ֮ң
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Ԫ˫Ŀһĳգ°ǰģһҪѡ
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Ω˿̾ҲǱ֮ȴȻĺ̤ʬ壬򡭡
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үүԶŽ⴫УȫˣʱӲŲ㣡ٶȴǼ죬תۼ˺Զ
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ߵģޣȻɲٿأûѡ޳ΪҲƾߵģߵߴλᣬʹ񳵿֮ػޱԲٿʹ
ߴ֮󣬻޻δҪѡޣ޷ʹô˱иֳɼϵ仰
αĻޣâŨ֮Ϊ񱩣ٴۺһγһΣڳ֮ʱ˷ɶ
üͷΪ˺ǧʹԼķ񣬴˿޲ȻǴĲʹ
кâһƽ˵
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һΣֱ̤նȥƬ̼վǻͷҧָһרÿ񳵵ӡǣ˻ͷϡ
һ𣬲ϵСԾ𣬵ͷȥʱֻǻѸƬ֮󣬱㻯һţֻȭͷСɢ֮âѸʵһ롣
һ֮һѷϳ֣ѷԽԽ࣬ձһֻʰ쵵ĺһ³һƬۣ֮Ǽڷɳ
֮Ŀһ
ʱϼ̳еĴ˸߳һˣһΣֱŶȥǴ֮ϸ֣͸
һӣһۣ˫Ŀ͸䡣
˽屰ʲô


810 ֮ᣨ1
꣬˫Ŀ䣬ȴҫ֮˫п̱֮࣬һͷڷɢ֮ħ
̳߳ţһ̤𣬴ӰȫʵȥĿԴ͸ļ̳
ڰգԣ񳵿󣬻ûĺʹ屣һƽ״̬С
ѡˣ˿һĿ¶裬ֱĶӣ˺ɽĿһ̤һȵߺˣ
ӿɽһۣĿ˳ɽѡһһɨգ֣¶һ˿ء
㲢Ǵ˵֮ˣǴӺδ
ɫ䣬ӵΪһ۾ͿԿʵ۷壬ԼԼһ
˿ɽüͷһ壬ǰһֱ̤һȥȭϵķ˸ȭ֮ϣһȭӡ
ߺˣɽһ
ݣĿ¶ƿһɨһ۳ɽ̧ǰһָһεĲƣԴָΪģɲǼɢܡ
ɽӸһٽɫ԰ףӾĸоԼڣһֹֹ֡
Ϊǿ󣬷·һֱܣһӡڵĴУӶʮ⣬ɽ޷ǰУڰգ¶ʹ֮ɫȫ֮£ĺڳ
ĸܵǹֹԼǰеǴԼЩӡдЩɢ֮ʹȥ
·һ㣬Լǿ󣬼ԼʵٽһӣȻǲҳ֡
һּΪǿҵĸо·ҪԷһͷԼ˲ɢ
ָоɽС󣬴ûй˿оֵɲǣȴ·ǺһֱڣһֱӡѡһĴ֮ڡ
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һĵͺ𣬽ɽĺڼ˫Ŀ˿̳Ѫ˿µѾǺˮǴѪɫ
Уɽ̧Ųǰȥһȴٴβ·Եģء
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ɽ̷·εȭͷУڴ̱֮ԶԶ׳һֱ⣬һײ˵ϡ
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ӣɨһۣûȻֵΪȶĺһֺǿΣС
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ЩһΣֱȥ
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ɽ˫ϥѣڵϣ̧ͷһһҰ޵ڴ𣬷·ҪֿӡĴбܡ
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ѡߣ˿Ӳ棬һ꣬޾ڰн飬
ʶģ̧ͷһδµѪϣ˳£˫Ŀڣ͸Ũıߡ
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ʱһͷ޷һסߣգһɲǣ·һ籩ɨ¶ӣΪʲô
һ̣ߵĴȣЩûбɱˣ׷̧ͷ˳ߵĿ⣬ϡ
һĿ⣬̺޾ıŭ


811 ֮ᣨ2
ǵʹιޣûΪʲôҲȫҪȥܺƽ㲨
ʱеһͷޣһֱ֮ԶȥĿ꣬ȻԶȺڣЩڷĺͯ
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ɽ˫ϥѣ˫ĿȴȻҪվ¹ͷٴѣȻҲҪˡ
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һǰѪֻȶ˳
֮صӲϵغˣϱ׳ÿһζдƬѪÿһκȶĴˡ
¶͸־壬޷ڵһУԪһ̶·ԼģǱһӡ
Ѫк֣һȣһηɳϣһֱ˳ǧ֮⣬еĿ־Ȼﵽ˼ޡ
ףУӼ˻ڴ¡¡֮ȻѪ⣬ڸ̺˻Ե
ⱬɫ԰ףʱָ˶ԪĲٿأ˿̵Ȼǣ֮Ȼռĵȫ
ʲôͨʲôһδ˹ķ޷ֻǺһȣЩ
˿ԥһֱ·̳ȥҪ롣
˫Ŀһ֮ĸӦԼ䣬һָоƺ˳Ĺδչ
ʱʺģȶһᣡ
ٶȼ̳ڵӣڼ̳ŹϵɲǣȻһ٣¶޷֮ɫӴӽŵ׿ʼɢɲǣɢ㲨ͷͬһУɢ
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˿̣͵˫ֱۣĶǰ¶һ˿𾪡
׻ҷʲô


812 Ƥ
ɲǣ̳Ĵź¡¡ϲɫ糣ȴˣ΢ȶʰ쵵ĺֳĬƬ̧̣֣ӡǣİ
Ǻһ٣ʹ㣬ɢƬ̺󣬱ٴγΪ񳵵ӡ
˿ͷкˮڳ˵亹ĸоղźȶ䣬һʵ۷ʿͬԪһ㣬ȴļΪȻ
ĸϣҿս¶⣬һɨܵѡˣ󣬻ָһ¶ŨãȻڵϳĬ
Զɽ˶飬һȻѾֻͯգֻ̫أŻ֮󣬱һͷ˵ϻԹȥ
ʱһΣȥʮ졣ʮ죬־סѡڣߣΪ׼һľĵص㣬
ʮ죬ûУ֮ߵϸ̸УֽظоԼ֮ǰĲ²а˳ɿǶԡ
ֻûйĵص㣬뿪
˵صվͷȻȥɽ˵ͷ֮һƬޱ޼ʵڣֻɫ֮͸˲ʹʵ֮ء
Ͽ⣬˵ش½ܣҲѰһʼջûκγڡˣȷţǼ̳Ĵ󣬶Ȼ뿪˵صĳ·
Ȳ˵ػ֮飬֮ǰӣʹô˵ؼΪ죬Գˣʹõƣ̺ԪϢ
һ㣬֮ɽˮɾΪƣټѡ֮˵ı֣һĻĻһĿܣˣ
ֳУ߳䣬һ֮£ʧԭأڴ˴½ĶһƬƽԭڣӰû
Ӹһ֣һĺХֻշ裬Ȧſ
ԶĲݵϣСɽӣſƤһһۺֱϡ
ѾӰ֪ȥδѰһȥˡ
٣¶һ˿΢Ц֮ͷ¶ı飬ٴη
ֽŲһ̤ŲݵǰȥƬ̺󣬱һյأյԼɴСѾûУǱһȡЩֱ˴˽Ǹӣһ󷨡
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ޣԴӱַųûջأɻҲᡣ
ǰѰһ֮أݺ󣬱󷨽ƣܻȫԿԴﵽһ̶ȡ
ϥУ˫һ̴һΣһȫʧȡ֮ģһƬԭ
Զῴ˵ص٣̤ڣҲһ㡣
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Ҫɽ֮һǿʵ˲ſʹ뿪֮·ƽ̹һЩ
ֳУһĴжһƤףƤ׺ǴֲڣϻһЩİǣƤףĦ
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³ԪƹƤףʱ仺ȥһḶ́ϾƤϵʶ֮ǿԶԶسڵ֡
˵˿ĲʶȴҲСҪģݱ䣬ʶȻ֮Ϸչ
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816 
ĸĹһɷ˲֣ɽɱķ˺ĸۣ˴дӵ
Ĺ˸ɷɲǣһĻ֣Ƭ̼䣬Ļϳ˻ɫʯ
ֻڳ׵ʯ֮һȴڹĻϳ֣һѣɫв԰ףеĺȻȴǼΪŨ
ûκԥ̺ˣԶȥ
ĿһǰһʧԭأһԻֵɲǣֱſһ⡣
һСӡһ֣̱תۼΪʮɴСǰǸȥ
ʮɴӡŵƣΪˣ·һʱ̣Ƿɫ԰ףһǴӡµ˲䣬Ȼȫӡס
֮⣬ͬһĴ
˲Ϣ䣬¡һӡ£һҺߴǷԪֳ֮ʸҪߣʱʮɴӡ֮ϽɲǼѸٴ̱ǧҫļΪۣ
·һ̣ӡΪ̫һ㡣
һҽдԪڴ˵Ԫ̱⴩͸γһƬƬӡȫ޷ӳƱһ㣬ӡڣʧ
Զĸ׷𾪣ҪˣһץŴӡ׷ᡣ
ĸѸӶݣֻƬ̺Ŀһͣӣ¶Ц
Ҫô׷ϥգɽ٣ػֱ˫ۣʶɢϵܻص
Ϣ͵˫ֱۣһȥ
˿̣ĸԶݵԪȴǸı䷽򣬳ֶһٶ죬ٽǧ֮ʱ¶ϣȻ䣬ȻȼԪΪıٶһӿ
ɲǼ䣬ٽʮ⣬ӺһԱ
ʵ۷Ա̫һɻԵһ̣쿪ֺɨȥ
Σͷ¶һ⣬ѸٺˣһĴСɳѸתγƣͬʱָóɽͼ硣
һ֮£ܵһУȫΪɽˮĻʵԱɽˮĻʱŤ˵˲٣ȻгڵϾﲻɽͼ
УһЩԱһ±ȱڣǻԵֱӳ룬ֵϣֱӴ͸ֱԪȥ
ˣɫв԰ף˫ȴɱ˸
ҿйƤףԱ£Ҽ㲻ҲȻش
˿ҲȻٽһ¶ĹϣȻ׷ѡԱԵϢֱֶȻǱŲɱ־ݵͷ
Ŀкâ˸ͬٴη˿ӲûˣһǰһָԵĸһ޹Ĺɷһķ˫Ŵ˸ҹ⣬Ѹʯ
Ӱ磬ֱӳ֣˫ָɽǱʯķüһ㣬̻ʯˡ
˿̣ȻٽԱﵽ۷壬ȼ
Σ֮侲һ㣬ɲǼʩչһͣ١ʱɽһԾ˲ͣӵķԱߣһѽ䱧סֱԶȥ
һǷԱǿɽϣɫ԰ףһΣȴӲĿ
ٵԱ˿̣һȴӱǷ˺飬γһǿ͵ķ籩ֱֲȥ
ʱӡֵĲٿ٣ɲǼ㻯ɴСδչǰ·һɴܣ
¡ľصԱĳ˰ƬϣγһĳŰƬ˺һֱʮಽͣ£֮ɱȻŨޡ
ԱǻԵִǿҵɱͬһȼյǣֱǰ޶ȥ
ɽ棡
ĸݸƮϿգֵ·Ƿӡ֮£֮ǰʶвĵķľ룬ûã㱻һ
أĿɱŨ֮£ǰӴԼڵˮײġ
ǿ⣬Ŀһ˿𾪵ĺӣ
֮б޷磬ڰƬӡĳ£ȴһɿ紵Ϯȥ
綯˿۴ͫһĿǺ£ɭɭ׹ǣ
ˣȻǳͷ­֮⣬µһУȫǣǣ


817 ף1
½£ѺȫסĿ֣˫΢̱һڹü˸
ڹһ̳ΪһѶ̽żХֱֶ֮ȥ
˫ûͣ٣ϵĬУһڹϵشüķɳһһ̽ɲǼ䣬ʮѶ֣̽Х䣬ȫ֡
һδǺΪʵΪ
ֻǣȻȫֻͷ­ڣطǹͷһΪǿҲ޷ӳȫʵ
ɫƽ˵Ϊ˿ܷӳģڣ
ʮѶ̽Хɲǣһ䣬ɽһԾ֮ǰƶ˵㲻ʲô˿˫ĿһɢŨĽâ̤֮ʣһȭ
һȭ£̱г֣ʮѶ̱̽ǣȴڽХ֮гͬһֱӴɽϡ
֮صɽɫ䣬˫ȭ裬ÿһڶ̽ϣѶ̽ˣж̽Ҳ޷̫ص˺
Ŀһһһָͷĸݣ̴˫ĿĹ֮ǰźӷȥ
ͬʱؼ޹˫ĿĹ˸֮ʱɷŨܡɷŨɲǣǺϣʼֻҹ⡣
¶֮ɫ̾һһ㣺Ѿкܶ꣬ûмʦķˡ
£ֹ̧ǣɭɭ׹һ̿Ϊ£ָӡӵĻҹ⣬Ȼһ٣ûмӣѸٺˣɲǼʧһա
ڻâɢɲǣ˫һһ׹üĻûγһ֮ȣһȶ
ʱһɿȻк¡¡Ƭ̼䣬γһɿ׷籩ֱֶȥ
ֲɫ̧һָգ󷽵ķӡʱϷݺݵ£γһķӡ֮Ȼ䣬ֱ˶ȥ
ͬʱӺˣǿ׷籩˲䣬ü̫Ԫֱӻûſڣݺݵһ̡
¡¡صУٴκˣ׷籩ȫԪ£֮ʱɫкȫ׹ߣִƬĵ绡ɢ
˿̵ĺˣɫΪأϷӡͬҪѴѹһ£֮ں˺»صɫ¶һ˿һֹֻ̧ǣ֮һ̧еͺȵ죡
˫̧ɲǣԲڵգһ֮۶֮ͬһε˿֮ʱں˫ּһ㡣ɲǱ˵˫֮ϡ
֮ɫŨݺݵһ
䡱һ̻صأ֮£Զѡˣһ׷ֹһ֮£Ʊһɲ˳ȫ˺󣬸һЩΪߣֱӱ㱻Ѫ
ӡһ½֮Ȼһ١
Ǻɫв԰ף˿Ӹһͣ£̳һĴɽֲ֣˼ֱһն¡
ն޾
ǺĿһ˫̱кڹۣն޾ɲǣâ˫һֱǰն޾֮ϡ
һն޾֮ɢ
ֻôΪôñƶλõʵûУˣôûʸӵʦķɳ͸
ɫƽǺˣһָգӡ֮⣡
еķӡ̴ϴ֮һһ֣ɲǼ䣬һϷ˸ƬУԭķӡȻһ䣬Ͻɣһе̫һ㡣
һѹһ̣ڷӡϣһɫķ֣Щ̫֮࣬²ʮ
䣡кâһ¡
ɲǼ䣬ӡ¡һٴ£һΣǰкͨ޷ֹ½ƣ֮죬һ̣һ㣡
Ǻɫ䣬˫̧дȵʮ죡ĴȣüںâŨҫȻûʮʮ֮βüӣ˿Ʈɢ䣬һХصʮֱӭµķӡϵײȥ
飬飬顭
һصܵľ죬ҵس֣ʮײȴȻ޷ʹ÷ӡٰͣ㡣
ÿһײյǿ͵ķӱݺݵصʮΪңӸǲһеĺ¡¡ײ
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ۿӡҪ£Ȼ˲ʮɸߣɫȻվӣڴ˵꣬һΣվӣ
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һǰһƯҪ뿪Ƿӡ֮ء
ɱһǺҪ뿪˲䣬к⣡
ӡ֮ϽȻʧȫأ̱֮һһɲǣ֮ղŸΪŨҫĽ⣬ͻȻ֮ٴγ֡
ӡϣһɫķĳ֣ޣԼٶɲǼ䣬Բǧ֮ڣȫǽɫķġ
ǺɫΪ̧ŹǣҪ̤̣ܵĽɫͻȻһȫźۡ
һ̣ǧһƬһѸ͵źۣɲǣ⣬һ֮²ϵطӡ
ˣеһ¶壬͵̧ͷŷӡܷԽԽ˲䣬¶ϣüʮ̾ҵںڹĿ
һɻԵ֮£˵ͺȵʮգ
ʮеһȫâŨƬ̺ӣǻԵ˺飬γһУԱ
һ˾죬ԱĳʹúЩɫıƿһЩʱһԱ
ͬʱͷȫԱʮԱǿĳȻ޷󣬺нɫģȫĴϵķӡҲʮԱɲǣ
ѸٺˣɽҲ̽棬ǰ쿪˫ۣɵľ壬һгȫ赲
Ǻɫ԰ףһΣ߳˷ӡ֮أ
ǿķ˱ɽ磬ҲĿһ̤ӡķΧһζֱӡϷȥ
ʮУɽһѪɫһ䣬ɽ߳ɱŨɽ˻һ磬ֱǰ˶ȥ
ٶ̫죬֮ɽ̧һնʮΣʮն޾ںΪһȻֱ֣ˡ


818 ף2
ǺٶȲ䣬ŷӡȥ׷һֹۣһģ̱һӴۣγһĻ
˱ɳɣ
Ŀк˸ն޾ӳ֮ʣٴ̧ɽ֮ʱһʮΣ׷֮ǰն޾ֱĻ
һĻһϳƣ̣ڶն޾٣ײϣһ£ĻѣһڳĻɲǣɽǰһףкȵ
ɽ̫֮죬һ֮ͬ磬ֱǰ˶ȥǺüͷ˿Ȼ˷ӡϿգֹ̧ǣһ󣬾Ҫȥץɽ
ʱֵһ֣ͬһ¡¡Ļص
Ǻͷ­糣ֹǣȴǲɵͣһ˲һ˲䣬ɽһնµģҹǣ
ұ۸󣬹ĻһƬǷۣɢա
ʱץļΪ׼ȷɽ̫Ǽʩչ˶ʱҲ̫̣𵽹á
˿̣Ȼ
Ǻһ£ͷһԼտյұۣ¶һ˿ķŭŭʹ˫Ŀ͸Ũɱ
ڴ˵ػ꣬ŻָĹǺȻһұۣǺ˷񣬾Ȼ˷ӡһ֮£ֱֶȥ
֮У֮ɫǰδУʣ̧˫ָɽֱһڰޣһָ֮£֮Ȼһѷ졣
к˸Ӻ˼ָ̧죬кȵ磡
ԪѸת˿Ҳ˲ģһɺڷ֮ϳ֣ɲǼɢܣγһɾҵĺڷ硣
ɢڷХ䣬ֱǺ˴ȥ
¶𾪣һΣȿʦ𷨱֮ʱҪŨ
ɵ֮磡㡭㵽ʲôˣɫ䣬̺ˣ̫ˣ˵ڵһجΣ
ļǵãԼΥ˵ʦ飬ɵ۰׷Ȼʩչһʽͨ˵ԵֿĹ
ɵ۰׷ʩչģ磡
Ǻ£ͷҲɢʦңӳ֣ͷ­Ҳ޷ס
˺㱻ʦңػǹײģǽŴ󣬾ĴŰԪڵĺ֮γɹǺ
ʱٴοͨȴŵĻɢæˣͬʱԥſһһöɫ̰֮ܵһУȾɫ
ɵ۰׷ʲôˣٴδȣǰɢ֮⣬ʹںڷ£δˡ
ɱŨû˵䣬ֱǰȥ⣬ڷХ˿̵֣ǺڷΪһ壬˲ٽˣǰһ̺ڷ˳Ķ
ɫ԰ףٴκˣǰ˵˫ۣȴ͵һͺһ˫ǰһơ
ǰתɢ⣬һУѴĺڷڡ
˺֮ǿȴһ˿Ļ̱ڲдǶ֮
磬̫һ壬㼸޷ٱ壬̾ͻ֮ˣ
ôܻ磡¾ҪʦķˣɫΪֿ֮ʣѸٺˡ
ɱŨźˣԥһĴ񳵻ûǰʹâһ̻ʺ
˵֮󣬳΢΢ȶһƬ֮ɢȥΪ
ɲǣ˫Ȼ䣬ź֮еĺһָ
Ǻǰ𣬳һȡ
һɲǣԶ֮еĺˣһ٣¶ֹǣһѣɻңǰγһֻɫĺ
ֺ󣬳ٴȶ
ɫ԰ףӲϵغˣ˫ŹǺ̱֮ɫŨۿǺҪȶһԶγһǿʹ˲˳Զֱ˷Źײĵ֮ϡ
ϰ󷨵ɲǣһڵѪҺг֣ϵڣʹ°Ѹγ֮塣
˿̣ٴһһո۶ɵ֮ٴαֻ˲䣬ðĺʹһγ塣
ϵسУӴ󷨣Ȼӿײڣȫӿ˺ˣ°黯֮彥ʵ󣬷·ӵѪ⡣
Ŀ˸ǰһ壬̧֮䣬֮ٴγ֣ʩչ磬ԪЩ㣬ɫ԰֮£еɱȴǲϡ
Ȼǲɱˣ޷뿪
ڷݺᣬƬ󷨡Ǻɫ䣬Ҫ˺󣬾ʱ񳵻ĺһȡ
̼䣬öӣһ±ͬĺۣһ̣Ҳȫı߽⡣
ˣʱڰյģֻʣһͷ­У¶ľȻŨ˼ޡ
ƻ򣡣ƻ֮ķʧԥѸٺˣֻǴ˿̣ڷ٣Хֱ֮ɶ
¶ģΪ۷֮ʱǶԷƻķҲа취ֿаɲǼ䣬ֱɱ˶Էûʩչⷨ
ҵܰ׷ֺ˿Ҳηǲεĺ֮Ҳģ¶⣬Ǻڷɶɲǣ͵ǰһڴ
ϢԪ˿̺ԥĴڷײһͷ­Ѹٺˡ
һ˿ϣҧ֮£˺ĹײԱߣ૵ʦ𣬲ǵӲسŵ£򿪹ľӱɣ
˵ţͷ­Źײĺݺݵһײһײĵĸӱ򿪣ڴ򿪵ɲǣŵ꣬ɢһӴ̱һ㣬ֻ˲Ϣɢһգײڣһ
ӣ㷸ɵ۳ͷΪʦҲ޷㣬ֻܰͷ­ͬԪӡػ˹ףΪʦҹʣɽд٣뿪Ҳδһ¡
˹Զ֮Ϊʦ»ãΪס
㵱֪Ϊʦδǰ׼һӣΪʦǷֻ̫࣬ȡһ˿ǣڳɺһʱ䣬һлԵѰҵף֮ڣۻһտѡ
ѺҪΪñѣ㣬ʱҲԴ˹ָΪ
ʦںͷ­ײĵһ̣߻ص
ʦ𣬲Ҫҡ
ˣӣһ˿ϣͷ­ײĵ˲䣬ǹײĸԶĿۺϣһ֮£Ȼһ⣬󷨣ֱԶȥ
ĿһǸղŸղŵһĻһۿײڵ꣬ڹײĴ򿪵һɢ
ۿͷ­ײڣȻۿɼٶȣѸٵ۶


819 ף3
ǡ˫һԥ񳵻ĺֽ£ֱ׷ͬʱһץ̷ӡźХֱ֮ǰײ׷ȥ
ɽһ֮£һƬӰʧ
кâ˸׷ᡣ
ﵽʲôȻۣ
ʯľڣԼٶ۶ӵĸоδй
¶âһ˿Цʦû£ػ꣬ԭֻҪƬָ̣ܻ
ˣΪεҪʹǵһָ󣬲Ϊػײôԭ֮ǰЩΣڣңӣˣЦӶʼոм֮ʦͽ֮飬꣬ʹ࣬Ҳûдľע⣬ǿЦ
ײڣӺݺݵһȭڱ㴫һ֮·ͷײһ㣬ָоΪоһĸоԼΪһ޷ٶȷָ
һսʵ֮䣬ҲһƷɣ̱ȵĴﵽ˿ڣΪƷɡ
ңӣƭҺÿ࣡¶ɱΪƬ̼䣬ﵽƷɣδֹͣڼ
׷֮Уɫ΢䣬ܵǰĹײڣһӴڷۣԽԽǿ
⵽ʲôֵ¶𾪡
ЦУתԪ֮ɲǼ䣬ΪڷУﵽ˾ƷɣҲɽ۷壡
ûнΪﵽƷɵ˲䣬Ϊ֮£ͻɵļһı仯һ£֮⣬·Դ͸ײġ
Ϊһ̣ɣﵽ
ƷңӣֻǾƷѣҲɱɣȡķӴ֮󣬲ȥɽ磬֮ΣҲҲңӴЦУ̧ڹײĸһһ£׸Ƿһ
ͣӣɫΪҪˣ˫Ŀȴһǰȥ
ֻӣڳײĵɲǣЦ֮ڻصһɰ֮ɢǿĳ̶ȣ˵ȲѪ棬ȴȻǿ
һŨ籩ܣǷ籩ĵ㣬Ǵˣ
СȥӿЦУǰһ̤һ˲䣬ȴǾͻ
˫ţ̧ɲǣϢɢתۼ䣬˫Լ˫ۣƷһ㣬ɢˡ
һĻ֮ǰ򿪹ײĸӣɢһģһ
ôܣˣԭأͷȴԼɢ磬һС
ͷ­˿ҲʼģƻƬҪʧ֮С
ΪʲôʦΪʲô¶־壬ͬһ㣬Ъ˹ĺ
ʦػ꣬ΪʲôҪɱң˵ֻһ˿л꣬ҲɳͣΪڻָȴǱΪʲô̧ͷպ
ңӣΪ׵ܴȴ˶ң¼水˵ѺײҲһ㣬ɱңͷ­ɢڵԪͬ޵һ֡
Ƴ鳾
ȴһŨԹоþòɢԹɽδǰһֱ˿̣ۻʱһ˲䣬
Թ֮ǿȻ޷ɢǽĴУ֮󣬿ԴԹڣٴεһµ
ĿһУĬƬָ̺죬Ȫ
һȪչЩԹ·ҵйڣɲǼ䣬ֱȪȥ˻ȪУ̣ȪԭʹڵԹںϣϵ׳
һԹȫȪת뿪֮ʣȪɢ
ǹײģץţĿأϸĿǹײļۣ
ûָȴܳһӹײ߳ɢǱˣǾһʹõķԣĬУְײ𣬰̾һԶԶ뿪ˡ
ڸղſײͨɲǣȴ뵽Ľ
ǣ˿ҵΪӦÿȥһ̽Ŀ¶⣬򣬳˶ӵϹ⣬Ҫһ£ѰҶǵңҵĽѵķ
ԶҲǳϫԨڣ֮Ůӣ˵ǿĽ֮ʱе
һɲǣڲĳر˷ƵеΨһȥǣȥңΣ٣ҲҪȥһˣ
۴µѶж۴´ĸΣ֣ѡȥԣ˵һһЩ飬ǾκҲ޷ֹѣҲҪ
İ˵سûʿӰ֣·Ǿһ㣬ɫʮ⾰
ֻƮɢеƯ㡣
ܸǼΪûаϢİȫ֣ûоͷһգȻһЩ΢ĲⲨʼл΢˲䣬
ӿһȻŤһ㣬˿̣ǴϷ¿ȥĿԲʮڣеھҵķŭӿȥ
ɢֻһͷһȻ֣̫󣬴Կǲﳤ
һʹܵĻӿ
ڴͷû۾ֻһŴڴ˿̻ſһŨĻſڵɲǣ˳
ڴſ֮ʱԿУһ󷨣˿˸â߳һˣڴ½Ӱ֡
һˣһ꣬ȴһŨĲɣ̺һǧߣһ㡣
͸㱣߳󷨵һ̣̱㱻һɳƶ˳ɳֵЩѡˣһ¶ãȻһ˿δ֪ĵӣ֮
ֱƶ̤˲䣬תȥһ۾ͿӴޱȵľޡ
ȻͿ˾еڤޡڹʱѾӵУ꣬ûκιԣǵӼСֻǣȴǬ̺һ磬ӴޱȣԶԶس䱾С
û뵽Ϳ˾֮ڣȻڡڤޣİ̾
޴˿Ҳֵˣ죬˺ʧУ˷ӿȻӰ
֣ʧ˽ʱ䣬ٴγ򣬶˿̣ڣȴǷ츲غţʿΪ֮𺳵ľ£֮һìͷȻָ֣


820 
ɵ壬ɵ֮ͨ·
һϢͬ籩ݺХһκˣ
ԴĴɽ໥ӵͨϺĴɽµ򣬱ϵһЩΪķǿѷ죬ʹһʿͨ⣬ûһΣ㣬ִģıս
ʿУңԶɼԹȥ򲢻ʿУŸָĴš
ţû壬еģֻһɡ
ţŴһż죬Ȼͬ
ţ򣬷࣬ҩÿһɣ൱һ⣬ÿһǣͬһء
ţʵˣ
ţʿΪѪóɱħͷ
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һĻһ󴸣ݺݵؿڣʹˣ֮ȻŨ
˼˼̼Хкˡ


822 
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823 Ҧ
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824 Ѫӵ˼1
˫һɱԼʿʱȻ֪ЩʿУûҦ֮ˣǣֻҦ֮ջˡ
Щˣɱٶ࣬ҦҲʹ
ҦʹҪɱˣ
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ڣеȼսԴΪﵽʵ󣬴δһս˿̣ȴɱͬʱӿ޾ս⣡
ɽ˲䣬ѸǰУҪڶԷ֮ǰǸʵʿĻһ̴ֽ֣ڱ
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Ҧ֮٣ľûйҡɽ˶Уٴ˺Ŀȴʱ˸ֱҦӰ
ԽԶбԽиʱȻǰɽȫͻȻʮĳ̶ȣɢ̫ǿǷ˿̱Ϲ˫Ŀ
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ʶҪɢɽĹȴǼΪ٣Ƶ߲òȫӭս
˫۱˲䣬ֳҦӰȻǰһ̤²ƻص䣬Ӱʧ
Ӱʧ˲䣬ʵΪ߾֮ܿȴǲɵһƤ͵һ
˼ԪѸתĳ⣬γɴƬԪһʮڣԪѸ͵γС
һֵӰԪɲǣ󣬴Ũɱ˫ָ̺˴Ԫݺݵһ
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һУֻڵʯڷȥ׷ʩչն޾ʱӡ٣֮ǰ
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825 Ѫӵ˼2
ն֮ХУҦ֮ǿգƱ˺ѿһӣֱҦȥ
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ЦУҦٶȾˣֱֶ˫ָ̺ŨԪһָǵüģ̱ԪҲ޷ӳ


826 Ѫӵ˼3
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һ貵ǿУɢӰһ̤ŲģɫЩ԰ףҦһս̫գвǾͻ
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849 һ
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851 
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̣Ϊ֮ʿһ֮£ͬԷΪɣʩ֮߱
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кŨ뵽ԷǶ֮ˣǿѹŭߵϸ񣡡
˽׾ˣЦһΣ»ìĺһ֮䣬ص˴󣬴һ˿ƵĿ⣬֡
ɫٴָմʣ֮ˣһΣָͷȴϡ
㣬Ŀ΢ɲһֵòֵ֪֮һأһԭ򣬱Ϊ֣
ɫ糣һ֮£Ź㳡ȥǾٶˣУһץǾ޴ٴλûֱץȥ
һüǴץ֮ʣһ磬˷Х£֣ߵֿһץУ˴ξ֮ͨҲ˻
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ûͣ٣ǰȥâ£һ֮صץĴ֣ⲻϵ̽ڽڱϵɢ߳ڹ㳡֮ϣһȭƽ˵ͽ̣
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ӾȻͨ˵㣬ͨڣȴ̺˴
ˮɫƽһۣջĿ⡣
⣬֮ϵϹ֣һ˫ĿһΩѪӣɫЦ
⣬ܵĹۿߣֻмһ֣ܿǵĿĲӷ棬̾һᣬΪ򵥣
ɫΪԷղŵͨЩԾ֣ʶȻɢɨ֮£̱н׾˻ûȫ˸ɢĿ֮⣬ֺǰһ壬ȥһɿԪĳֱֶȥ
׾ȭһȭ̺֮һרԪֶԴˣ֮ǰѾ۲֪˿Ŀһ˫֮£һǰ۶


868 ϸ2
ЩȴɲǼ䣬㻯γɴƬĽƷģܲܡ
ǽ׾ٵɲǣЩǰһָʱй˫Ŀƽڵ⣡
Ʒӵϣ׾ܣ֮̽£ǽ׾ڽֵ˲䣬ȴҲ޷ƶƳ׷
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һͷڷתƮһ£˼ΪƮݣ˵òƽȴһԵ
˸ɾĹһأпһĻʿ׷ײĿĿһ֣к˸
ӷ֣ɫ΢죬ǰٴθֳɽڶԷһĻĻӰ
˵ĽƣǿָʿüͷűĽ׾ˡ
Ǵͷͯӣ¶ɵ֮ЦЦУȴ͸䡣
ˮ֣ԺиԼǰӱչ֮߳ŵһŭ֮£ܣ֮ɽĴ⣬һľ֮ɱ
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һ׾ӱͬʱǽն޾£ں¡¡ľصУ׾Ҳͬʱ
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һָڰ֮ʣȻ䱬ʮɵΪ۷ΪɲǼȻһָ£˫Ŀһ˿̺Ȼֱſ³ӡǰ
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ϸ񣡡شһ˦һָһˣ˵㣬
ش˾٣ҲðգϾǷ֮սڶ࣬Գɵ⣬Ծδ̫֮£Ҳû̫ϡ
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ϸ񣿡ִ˷ɣǱűҪʤȴһҪǰéľģ˿صһ仰ȴǷۣ
ĲϸҲͰˣعΪ֮кⱬһ֮£ֱٽָһӣǴµʿʿֻоһɿ棬ɫ֮£̺ˣĽпࡣ
˵Ҳϸ񣡡ֳ֮ʣϣһɱڣǸ߲ʣһ޵ɱ¾ߵ񣬴˿̸Ǵﵽ˿ڵΪսڣûգô뿪ңˮڣֺη壡
֮ʣ̧𣬺֮ʱأڷ䣬գͷֱӻûصسȥ
˫ĿһЦɵ֮⣡ǰһʶȫɢ˲Ϣ䣬оŸ׾˻û
ŸȫǰɴСֳִ󽣣ŭУֱ֡
ֿЦЦ͸޾ĺ⣬ָ죬޶ʱûͷУֱӳ֮ص
޷ߣ֮ʣȴ׾˶ʱɱֱضȥ
ضޣȴɫ΢䣡
ˮкһЩʦ׷µӣ


869 ʶ֮
˫ͫһʶȻһɢڵʶԶԶس˿ڣ˿ɢ֮£ȴʹʣ߸׾ȫⱬⷽԲǧڣʶγ˴Ƭļѹ
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һ֮ʣ޶ʱ͸ļХͬһ㣬У̳ȥһ죬һȭĽ׾ˣӱ޳Уһ֮£̱
ޱǺɫ˷ĸ׾˺ȴǷƤһ㣬ϸƬĵ
â͸ʹޣһ̣֮ΪΪ޴Ž⣬ǰУ֮ͬ£ֻ֮ϣĻص䣬ʣȫ׾ˣһһ
һĻܹߣһ˫Ŀ͵͹𣬼ǼϵϹ֣Ҳ׷Ȥ
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̫ⷨϬȻרԪʶ仯Ī⣬ȴ˶֣
ħľѹִ˸սأ
깫صĽս𶯣һѪӿֱ֣֣еĹ»ָ˳羴˵ûпȣȴѾﵽ൱ĸ߶ȡ
սͬһĻԼܵǰŨս⣬սⶨȻԷ˵Ҫʤԭ
һͷڷƮ˼۶ȥֱأⷽԲǧھصʶѹڣ˿ǰУȴǷˮһ㣬˫ۺһһָ֮£⻷ƵȻ໥ǻȴֵ⣬ڲϵת£γ˾޴С
мɲǼ䣬޾ķͬһз籩ڻͷڷ籩֮Уһ´еͺȣƣ
һγɵз籩̺һɢ֮䣬֮ĳ£ǧɵʶѹ̱Ĵһȱڣ
Ϊʶ˵أʤͨˣרԪķ
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ɫɱһϥڣ˫ǰĺ磬Ͳȥע⣬˫Ŀһա
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ܣʶ֮޾֮£ȴγǧЩ֮һͣѸżХֱֶ֮ȥ
ÿһ֮ϣ̺صʶ仯ͨԳ֮Ǳڶǰ֮ͨ
޵У󲿷ֵ֮ͨԪ仯֮ʶ֮ȴÿһʿһ
֮ͨԵֿʶ֮ȴרԪһԪܴˣأΪ˻ֱпܣ
ҦƵӡ֮һֻǣӡԪʶ϶ĳ潲ʶ˵߱ЧҲ覴á
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ǰĳֻǷˣصͺУ͵˫ۣʶ֮ǵأٽ֡
˫ۺһ˫ǰһƣʱȥȴǼʶ֮뽻˴͸ֱӴ͸ŭֱأ
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һɷֱԪȥЩʶ֮ȴԪɲǣײ˹ƤϣɲǼ䣬
Ƥ£ʶͲ
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ڣ¶зһ˻Уֱӳ޺ɨߵɲǣһΪʱܿɲǼ֮ϡ
壬ĳֱ֮ԪһٶȽϿ죬ڽԪʱһɶȥһڣȴҧ˹Ƥϣһ߶ȴǲȻײ
Ƥ׵ɲǣ߻һҪӹƤԪУʱһ٣ſڣΪĺݺһ̡
Ƥ׺Ȼһ߲Һб˳ŹƤߡ
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˫Ŀͫ͵һ¶Ȼ֮⣬ʧܣ޷ţԼڵʶȻڶԷûκˣǧ޵ϣ
бʶķΪ߳һС磬ǧרʶ֮䣬ɱػԪ񣬵Ҳôûа˺Уͷأݺݵɶȥ
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֪˿ʶ֮ƣ𾪳ǲ֣һָȻһǴһʩչԪͨһսв䣬˵ˮڣԼܣɣʸȴǾʹʧ
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ͬʱʮɫɢ
ĺǵͳԪͨóǿʶ֮ȴڶԷûκãļΪɬ
˶֮׻һף׻Ȼ䣬̷ŴתбﵽʮɴСγһŻڣ¡䣬ֱŷӡȥ
ǻһ̣ȴ˲䣬ӡȫ˻棬£ӡȴûκˣݺݵѹ£
һ죬ӡѹ֮ʣ˸ɫЩ˫Ŀ΢졣
ĳͲţԶֿʶ֮غ˫ֱۣӳֱֶ֮ʣʶɢ˫֣ǰѸȥһʶƷֱ֡
ƣһ˷ɣ߼䣬һĴóһԪֱУֲԪģ˿̣ز˷㲨ƺȻȫ֡
޺ɨǰϳЩӭٵĲƣ̱һЩ͸֮ϡ
ɫв԰ףƤǿȻ𶯴ԪɱṲ̃ͬ˫֮Ԫۣ֮˫ָɽն޾֣һն޾֮ʣȻ
ۿֶٶԽԽ죬˴ڰһʶԪֿһԪʶֿ໥֮չһ춯صɱ
֮ϣȴԽԽǼң
ˣڶ˽սҵɲǣüͷͺȣŵͺӿֵģһӴԪɲǼӲǼ˽ս֮Уһ±ʹö˺
ˮɱһУĿŨȴǼһ


870 ˮ
ɫ԰ףֻоһӴ޷֮ͻȻ֮Ӽսбʹȫһ𣬱ˣһѪӿֱغŵŵ˺
أͬһѪأ˳ɣĶ֣¶Ũɱ
Ӳ𿪶ˣûƫ̻κһֵһѪȴˮĿмһ
ɱ֮ˣûʸ񣡡һɫ䣬һɱ֮˲Ϣܣ
֮͸һɼ˵֮ϵϹ֣һɫ䣬⻹ǵһΣܵˮɾǿͨ
ǣʿһ˲䣬ȫɫ˲һ䣡
ס֣͵ȴˣ
ֻоһ޷ֿ֮ɲǼڣֻǰһ죬㱺һɫ壬ţԪı֮
һ޷ľʹںȻ
صԪɫĴ͸£ûκεֿ֮ɲǼʹһ˲䣬ƬѪҪתһɱԼ֮ˣȴֻеһ룬˫Ŀһ˵ϣ

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һƬͻһĻʿȫһʧȥ˼άȻǰ޷¼
ˮɫŲȻŭֱĶˮ
ľ³һѪұҪһˮƽĿڡ
Ϸղûаƫ̻ˮһϷգƴ˷֮²죬ҲҪһսӶˮ
ʧֶѣҪսǱսˮĿһԴٺ󣬼ָ·ȴǽ¶
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ֳĬˮ˵лʦ֣
һܵİʱ˿ǣ
ʦ֣⡭ľˮǰʦܣ
̫˼û뵽ˮľȻͬţеɽˮ֮ʦɵ۰׷ľȻǰ׷ӣ
ѹľЩţԭʦˮɾߣûˮɾľʲôҲǣ
ɫ촽֣ͷתգȴǼΪɵĿˮһۣ˾
ָʿͷͯӣ˾ǶԴһüͷĸ˼
ӷŴ죬ˮĹϵ¶֮ɫĸ˵ͬʱҲɵ̾Ϣ
ҵݣ֮䣬Ǵûʲô
Ȼɵ۰׷ĵӣˮɾʦܣ깫еĳ羴һ¶ȣһΣȴǱ֮꣬ҪŨֵ˽ⲻϼһεĿȣ㣡
սҴǰһĻ¶˾ģ
ϹǿЦİľˮɾͬţԺҪ׽һ£պԼкô
ǣ֮ϵļϹ֣ҲĿȻһ飬Ϊ𾪣ΩѪӣЦ
֮ӶУˮĬƬ̺󣬹һЦ˵Ȼɾʧɱ¾ʹƹֻϣɾҵʿףĪҪʧˡ
ˮ˫Ŀ붨
İ̾ˮ򿪷ӡԷΪ˵һֱûлָĹ۲֮£ƺˮϣһǼȴͬоɵʵڲԸΪһЩС£Ӱ˴֮Ĺϵ
ҪģĿмΪ𾴵λ޵ǰҲԣҪȥˮˣİ׷ҪͽԶûǿѹ
أ̫ԴˣΩϧ˴һʶ֮ĿϣİľһмǿػԪ֮˵ˮ
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˵ĵһأӵĴ£ǰѳ֣֮˵Ŀ飬ٵİߣǱ֮ٶʮˣһپʮ£ȫڴʧǲͳȥ
ڶأ֮أ̧֣֮·׳ع㳡һ
һõָӡȻ䣬˹㳡ڣָӡµɲǣǧɹ㳡ȴ̷¡¡ص֮£ɫ׹˸ߣ׳ء
Щ׹˸ϣ֮£ŨУȴ໥֮Ȼɢǧɹ㳡ģɢһɼĿհ׵ء
ʮϢ֮ͨˣȡʸ񣡡
ǧ׳׹дһͷ׹ɵ飬ɿյΣ֮䣬ɢһɱ˵Ϣ
ܵʿһĿ⣬׷֣ղŵĵһأ־Ǵڷͷ˼֮ϣ˿̼󲿷ʿҪһڶأľֶܼã
һЩϹ֣Ҳע
׳֮ǳ˿ԳܣľҲǶʮϢϾͨɵʹߣ֮£ܳʮϢҲ࣡
֪ɵ׳أǿʹ߷ŵһڣɵʹ߷ΪĸȼʮϢΪĵȣʮϢΪһȣǹһϢɻɵڵʹ߷ţǲ֪ľֶãЩڴ
׳ؿʵʵڵΪľǲܳ漣ҵǱȽϿԶǵ
ʿۡ


871 ͯ
׳ع㳡ǲߵע˼ۣĿ¶Ź֮ɫ˵֮أһЩѶȣ֮ءйŹ֮ɫŨ
ӷŴȺеֿ֣˿׳ع㳡ǣ˺ܾãһҧҲܺϼգһԾ𣬷ʵ֮ӰʿһУŵȺȥ
ò˿͸죬ֱֶȥǰͷӴóһöɫ㡭˵꣬Ѹٷɻء
ʱԼ٣ڻص֮λ̱ͷһƬհס
棬һĻĳ̾¶֮ɫ
׳أӵһ˲䣬صأ¡¡׳׹ľұ仯׳ع㳡мɿհףɲǼ㱻׹˲ϢУǧɣ㻯׳أ
һƬƬ׵ɵĲ˸֮£ǧ׳أɢ˵ƣʹþ󲿷ʿ֮ͷƤ顣
ߵ飬ʱ׳ӣ
һһ׳أ˫̤׳صɲǣ׹˳˫ɲǼȫӣ˲Ϣ˱׵֮С
һ߳岽ϥ¡
֮깫һһΪйأ㾭ڳ׹֮׳أҲǵһ̤룬˿ȴǼΪݣ׳غϥ
ţ½̤׳أƶֻȴмˣΪ㣬̤׳صɲǣӾæ˳ɫ԰֮·˴ˡ
ӷ򣬿һԶһͨ첻ĿԼӷİ̾ʶһɨ֪ԵǿȻǴŮһر
ĬУ˻׳ء
ӷ˵ͷȴǿԿֵľٶְڻ󣬷̼
ֻǣ˿̵ȴûп磬ҲǸӢӣڽ׳غȴǿֵĿ⣬̺һ˿ؼĵ⡣
ɫ糣׳أҽ̤׳صɲǣ̱ܵһӴ˳ҽֱӳڡ
һɼΪˬĸо㴫ȫǴ˵أľһ㣬ֻǣֱȴûа仯ǰȥĽŲ׳׹˸ǻϣ¡¡
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ڶأʼԹļϢ䣬бɵʹ߻ٽ󣬶мڹһ̱һĻû
ˣһƳĹȻصأƵ֮£ȴǷȡһ죬һϢ
ǧ׳ڣٸʿϥŵһĻص׳ڵ׹⣬Ʊ𶯣磬ҵ޾׹⣬·׳ڣһ֮籩
籩У׹۶ɵ飬߼䣬ɢһ޷ݵǧɣʹ׳֮һɲǣ˾˵ı仯
׹˸һʿڣЩʿԿóķһʱ֮䣬ǧ׳ڣ⻪
ȫƣֹ׹֮룬ļʿзֿ
ϥУХӿڣԪʹ֮ǰսʱԪѸٵĻָ
ָоΪ˿̸˫Ŀһգһۡ
ˣڶصɲǼ䣬׳֮ٴŨ䣬һִ׹ӣɨÿһʿϣʹʿһ
صһֱʮǧ׳ڵ֮Ȼﵽһ춯صĳ̶ȣ׹ɣǧ׳ȫڡ
̱һʿɫ԰УһѪӷһɴŴƬ׹⣬ֱӱ׳Ѫɽȴ˻
ŨԸɫ糣ĿĶԶ֣۲ѾܾãԷ׳غľٶ̫졣
ľȻûκεֿûпκηֻƽ˵ؾչ֮һ㣬ǣӴ֮ڣȻʧԽԽľнס˸ֲ²⣬Ҳ²Ĵ𰸡
ɵʹߣһֺɨںڹϣʱʮһں¡¡Уص
ǧ׳ڣе׵ȫ𶯣ȻһطۣȴɲǣγһɴС״֮ߣ׵ɣȫɢһ
飡
𣡣۶̱һ֮صһϹŵأʿ
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ڴ˵ջǣᦣ˲ȫֲֿ˿ܣһ·ʼճĬ
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˫Ŀĸоһ̣Լ䣬Ƹܵеһٻ
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ǧ޵ܲΪֻأԪֻ࣬Ѿʼٻ統ĽԪϾ֮ʱͻ


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ܵ־󲿷ֵɿֱĽȥĽǰǴϳһķĽԪӤ֮С
νϦ֮Ҫ죬ԪӤǿԼ죬ȻԻָѡ棬˵
ֳĬĽԪӤģԹ޻ڡ
Ľ·ԲһУֻǣԪӤ֮壬ûᣬȴԻһı
ĽԪӤϵذĽڣأĽԪӤʼʵ
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ǧ޵ҲΨһŮӣߵԼУǣԼȴڶԷ뿪޾Ĺ¼УǵεĻУ֪ԭԼһֱ⡭
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ۿɼģĽڶ̶̵Ϣڣ۶ڹײڣ˯ѾڣһĻˮ

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գؿڴѪɫķ˸ջ͸磬ȴȻһ˿˿֮⣬ȫڸ뱣á
ʱһ˿תֿУ׵ʧǧڣһƬݻƣ棬Ҳ˸ѣȫɢ
ǣǧ⣬һȫˣγһĶԱȡǧ⣬硣
ͨȻָƣ̫֮дû뵽ܿ͸¶Ц
һộһգһȫȡأңҲᣡк˸˫Ŀǧĺâһηڰ㣬ţ
ǧǧȴɲǼ䣬˷Բǧڡ
ľԿݣǧڣһЩ֮ҲӲ˽٣һͷʮɴСľ߼䣬̱âӣһ𣬺âȥ߽⣬İƮɢۡ
âţûֹͣʼڳǧǧһ
ڣһȫ޾һ籩籩ģ֣
˳ڣأؿڵǺɫģ̧Խߣȴ͸ʮ磬͵˫ۣǰһץһק
̱Ĵؿڳ׵ĳڷıƿ˲䣬ֵϣ̹â˸ɲǼ䣬һɣߣŨ
һȴ˲תܰ룬ۿɼģָɿݵӣʱ˹Ѹٵĸı䡣
˿̣⣬һǣǴϲ紦Ͻ
ԶԶȥһŰǣϵŨ
⣬ʱƣÿһ֮ϣվһʿЩ˾ɫ˫Ŀ˸ƴǵͬʱʶɢеעܡ
һѹֵϢϵɢ
Щ֮ϵʿΪߣֻӤڣϵ͸ɷȴǺŨ˿̻⣬˵ʶɢעܣǵ˫ĿڣȴǿԿһ˿ǡ
ʱ䲻һǰڷɳ֮վһϸˣƣȻԿ֮ʱȻ֮ˡڴˣôŮ졣
ϸɫҲǳɳ֮ʣ̱ʿٽ˵μѩʦ壡
ϸһͷԶǿգ˵ǽһЩκ쳣Ҫһʱ棬սңȸǾʿ̫ν֮ʣ
ʿһ𣬵ͷǡ
ϸ˰̾ҪڣȻɫ䣬˫ĿȻ䱬⣬ֱĶǰǿգһ仯ʱʿע⣬׷׿ȥһһɫ԰ȴһɷۡ
ԶǿգһХԼٸʿɵĶ飬ֱȸǶǰһˣһͷͯӣ֣̤ǿգ¶ɵ֮Ц


888 ֵĵ
ͷͯӣͿԶǿŰǣ̶ֳȵǣ˽⣬֪Ӧ
Ϊǣûз˵󻹸ʿ֮ֻ;ˡ
Ϊһʿ̽
ٽȸ⣬ϸɫ˵̺ˣ֮һͬ˵ģܵʿЩԸٶȣڽХУصȸǡ
һĻͷͯӹһЦϳɵı飬Ũ
ЩʿҲһЦǿ̶ֳȵǣʵ̫̫
һʿ̤ǣ԰Ѵ
ʹǣֵܶȥɣڴͷͯ߳һʿΪδ飬ֻʶԲ֮߳ʣͷͯӵĿ⣬Ϊ
ʿԱߣһˣòΪơ
ͷͯɨһȸǣ¶ΪҪ˴ǣʵ̫ˣ˿ԣڵһʱ䣬Ѵ˵ʿȫɱˣ
ֵܶ˹һЦһЦʹģǣһ㣬ʱȹ˵ţ˴Цһ֮»ǣں¡¡ľУֱȸǶȥ
ֵͬɫ͸ɱٶȼ죬תۼ䣬ֱͻȸǵ㣬ֱӽȸϡ
̩վȸɽĿ磬һɰϢڷתǰƮһϸ֮վɽɫ¶㡣
һʿվĬ
ЩʿУֻвļˣֵʱ䣬Щˣ˴˾Ϊѩϸˣ˿Ҳһ⣬Ӱ£ΪɵϣȸǣԼļңΣҲҪػ
ֵһģһߣɷǣһۣ䱳󣬻һѳվ֮ΪȻЩʸ񲻹
ӣִ˿̿һˣǵţˣ
£ɫΪأ٣ֻǣĿȴʱһ˿ζȴûκܿ
ֵѰȸ֮λĳĳԣȸǣգеǰĳǣҲ˺벽
̩ͬҲʶʿˣߣڴˣϳݡ
˳̾˴˿һۣȴĿ¶ᶨ£ӲģⲻǼ򵥵սһ֮ս
һ㣬Ȼͨ˷ϢУ֪ˡһУѾ˺УĻǱɡ
ȸϣһλãȸӴıչ˫ۣòӲϣü֮Ϸ˸վǰһ˰Уңǰ
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ѹ֮£һɽκη֮ˣᱻѹķ飡
ڣȻ˫Ŀ谵ȫƣԪѾ˾ͷ˿ȴվڹ㳡ڣһﲻ
һ̣ȸеʿȫ̧ͷգ弶ĸɣļĸԼڶʿȫɫأһΣһȸ֮٣ǺХ٣
ǣֵܶˣ
ֵܶٵɲǣЦЦΪţ˵ȷʸʶԲΪȸϾڶǿߣǶˣһγһɼΪǿ
ȷǣȴҲ˶ʿڣͲȥռݣ򣬲ˣЦУһȫΪɢʶһ籩ȸǺɨ
һɲǣȸϵǿߣ̩ȸӵԼʶʿ̰εض
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һʿԼ˱飬֮£ʶɢһӱϵĵˣȻ֮ȻֻҪŨʮٱ
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ǷһۣƷɣɺǧʿƣǵ֮˿ӵУ˵ֵܶˣǵļ棬ħľҪ
˷ӵʹͷͯӣǶҪ
Ľп࣬ȴҲû˰ɱţĵĿֻţ˺ԥģѸٳֱĶӡ
̫ħľ֣壬ɱ¾Ѫȵɱ¾ԣɣ
ˮɾʦܡƷɡСʿеһˡӵж塢Ҧ׷ɱ֮£شħľ
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ֵܶ˵Ѹ뿪ʱʹȸʿΪȻ̩ˣ˶ս׼תһĻɵһ
ҲǴΪ棬ΨȸӣĿһڵķȸǵʸ񣬿˵ϵһΪҲЩıչУ٣ղʿʶڵɲǣų˵һĻ
ڡкȻʶԲǿֱߣҿǿߵı飬Ķһ㡣ȸۿͨʿ־ӶݵӰļΪ졣
ʶһɨͻȻǾ޴ĵ
Īǡȸ˫Ŀ͵һ־Щ޷ţ
ͬ뵽һģ̩ԼϹ֣Щˣǻ֮˿һ׷ײڣһʶ˲Ϣȫڡ
ֵĵ¶֮âһǶԭ򣡡
˵ֵܶˣžţ̴ȸǷɳԶԶľͿ˴ͷͯڶʿ
ͷͯӱڱĿ˿˫ۣüͷƽ˵ʲô⣡


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ϣ֮ԲʮһƬήشѣȫɸɸɾ
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ȥǣȥʲô񣡡ͷֱͯӴ϶ԷĻ˫ĿһȻгɵ֮ЦЦݣȴ͸ɱ
ʿҪ˵ߵһѣŴͷͯӣ˵ʹˣһ֪ҶΪλ˵꣬ҲͷͯһۣԼܣصʿС
ͷͯĿһۣǰһֱ̤ǰȸǶȥԭǣͲм룬һ·ϷȰǣʿȥɱɾ뿪
УΨ߼ǣԼʩչ֮ͨأ
ϧĿǰΪֹûκһ߼ǣ֮أҵҪкˣʶԲʿˣͷͯУδٽʶȻɢΪﵽ˿ڣѡɳأȥ⾳ӵԪ
ʩչΪϲ
˿ʶɢһǿķ籩˲Ϣ䣬ɨȸǣʶ̫ǿ˿̽٣ȴȸǰδеĺȻ
ɽ壬ɲǼӸǷڣˣȸʿһɲǣȫӵһַ·ɽѹĿ¸о
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ʿ׷Ӳڽ̳ѷ죬һɫ԰ף¶Ȼľ
ЩΪԼߣֱȫѪˤڵأ˿
ʿˣ˵ˣȸǣеķˣһ˲䣬ȫԣֻǺ¡¡ص
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ȸӣȫ½ɫķɫ԰ף𣬴˿̵һͬصĴʶУһҪָоδûӡ

ȸӾ˿ȴһŭ𣬶ʱڰУһŲӰֱӻûһǿϢڷȴŨѹ£ͻƣ
һߣմ֮ʣ̱¡¡زת
ȸӲһѪзģһɲǣȫ¶ЦıǶԷ֮һ
ͷͯӣɫƽ˫֣ջ½紵ȴ⣬̵²ҽӽ
ȸʿǿ˼ΪŴͷͯӵĽ٣ɢ
ǣˣһȺ֮£Ǻãɣȫǣͷͯ˵ţ̧Զһָ
һָ̱Ũ˲Ϣ֮£һ⣬ң̺˿µͨ
Զ̩ûʱһָ͸ҵĺлصػȸǵһ˿ʣ
̩һѪ˫ۣȴǵȼս⡣
ʱͷͯӺȻһ٣ղʶѰҵ񣬴˿ȴһɽڣһӴĵ
ڿһ˲䣬ԴͷͯӵĶҲɵõ¶Ȼ
⡭⡭
һ𣬼ʶ˺٣ɫ˲Ϣɿ仯Ҳû뵽Ȼľĵ
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ÿ뵽ǲ˼Ӵͨ²ѡ
˿̵һΣɲǼʧԭأʱȴ⣬ֱĶֵĵ
ԽԽľԽԽ
ħӣľͷͯɫ԰ףŵԳ׵ȷ񣬾Ծľ
Ͼľ֮һΣľӣȻ̹ģ
ŵ񣬴ͷͯȻףʿΪŵľߣľʵ̫󣬼˿Ҳɵ⡣
ϥڵԵĹ㳡ڣŴͷͯӣЦѡ
֮ϵȸӣ˿¶⣬ʶȻ۲쿴ǴͷʿһĻԷͬڵСֵǰסȸĿ¶𾪡
ĪЩʿʶСֲɣɼʶҲӦ˱飬ѵȸһüΪĲ²⡣
̩ͬˣ˿˺أΪػȸȴǻȥǰµԣΣҲҪȸڣڣȸ٣
˵Ǵͷͯӣֵĵ𶯣֣ˣ˿վǵĿӣȴȫë𣬷һֵĴʶ˺ɣɫ
ʵڷΪһǣľľĵ񣬶ҿӣ˵Ȼꡭ
ľ֮ˣʿûͷͯĿԼһĻܣпܣ֮£ľѣ
ͷͯӿЦ˫Ŀ¶⣬һ֮£ֱǵǰ̧ºݺһģȵ飡ľΨԴйޡ
̧ɲǣ£㳡ϥصңŴͷͯӣη壬ǣȻѪ£ٶ񣬱ɣ
Ǵͷͯһ٣ĿϣͿԷԪҪϾȻ;ƿݣЦ˵ٸ񣬼ľҲ
̧֣Ҫ£һɲǣͻȻһ͸޾⣬֮ͬȻ䣬ȸϣص
˵һ飡֮Աأ
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սãˣ˼䣬ֱһѪȴǲ˼չΪѪݣľһʱǿҵη塣
¶ļŵԣƵ߳Ӱᡣ
֣ȸӵ
֣̩¶ϲ𾪡
֣һ̣ѵʿǹ۲쵽һĻʿȫ𺳣
֣ȸǣ棡
㣬ܲ¶ɱǰ̤һ


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Ӱֵͬʱ̺˫㣬ԥģǰݺݵһģ
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أԽԽʿȥ棬̩ȸӡ
˿̣ͷͯӽսԶһ˵Ļʳǣһͷ׷ߣ˫ĿȻ֮ǰͷͯʶˣȴɢʶй۲յһս
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ָо£ͷƤ飬ͶĴ㣬ֻǣȴģ˿̲˼ǿʩչһ
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ԭͷС˿ʩչͨӸС뺡ǣûͷȴǿŵ˴Ŀľ
˶ͷ­ʹͯӵò˾ҵһͷ𣬷䶯ɲ֮£зҹֱȥ
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⣬˵ݣʮɣֻû׼ϾɱѰʿҲˣɱһɣȸ⣬ʿ£ȴǲǣ
ֵӣȻǵԼȻûŹĿܣУȫ뷨


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ͷһ˱磬ʱͷСͯʱڣ˾Ϊͬ˳ЦĶ
ҲͰˣ⣬ͣɵЦݣʱ޿չ¶ϡ
ĸףǶ쳣ᣬͯáжȹֻǣһУȴ˽̫κˣɵЦϡ
ʣ޷޵ʮʱ㱻ϣס
˭Ҳû뵽֮˼ڣӣ뵱仯ϣǱǳɵ֮ЦΪȴǴﵽʶ
һ˼߶ȵӡӴ֮ھӢʱȥǧ꣬ͷͯΪͻͽȴǴﵽʵ۷壡
ͯӡʹԸϳŤУǧڣ˱ŰɱŮȫҶ
ļΪԣ֣Ҫ֤ᱻ˲ߣʮǰһŰɱУȴڱ޷ܣΪ棬Գ֣չɱ
һսԭ˶ΪʮþȣգͷͯȴǱ˿ΪʮǰѾﵽ˿ȴһֱ䣬˿̱Ϊһս
սͷ˶ˣӴѶȫޣһֱ˷֮ս˳ڣ˴ˣ
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ͬʱһħ̺ڣڳֵ˲䣬һ죬֮ɵȻǰ˱ϸ˿״
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ҽ²Ƶڶʱ·Сأκεطһɵ
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ǺӰ̧ͷֲ֣һۣӷ֮ʣµֲʱһɢ䡣
һ֮ѸٴӱֲƮɿǺӰڣ˲䣬˵ӣȻʵ
Ŀһһ̤˫ָɽǰһָ̱޾ջûγһ籩һָȥ籩ں¡¡£ֱ˱ƽ
ǺĿ̺ˣ˫ʱһԲεĺĻ֣˿̣籩ٽײ֮£оȻ
ܶһ̣Χ̮֮ǺƺһѸٺˡ
ηѣл˵ϷƣʬԹǺ˴˿ļΪ𾪣ոѣлģ֮ȴ̷֣Լ֮ˣȻһʿ
ڣҲ£˿٣ҳ˶ԷһͷͯӣҲһʿǴ󺺿ܣ˵ǿȴҲʵ۷塣
ˣԽԽ𣬱˵˿٣ڣˣ֮£ҲҪӶݡ
ǿԶǾħɹ츳ͨһˣԾħǿսһˣ֮ͨսһˣǣһҲֻѣĿЦæ˵ѣᣬ¸ոѣЩĪҪ⡣ѿħ±͸ѣȨѣΣ
˵䣬ϵغˡ
һﲻӰ磬ֱ׷еĲƻصǺˣ˫Ŀ¶⡣
Ԫ񡭡һеĿԪ񡭡Ԫаɽﵽ
¶Ľп࣬ԼѡȸǣΪ˵ƫƧ˵ûκμֵЩͬεʿע⣬㰲Ķȹǧ꣬ɹ֮󣬻صԹ֮λ
ȴôҲû뵽ҪĹͷȴǰʿͷת̱뵽һԹļı֪ʲôôǰƻԼĶᣬųԼ˿ֻԪ񣬰ԼĴ㣡
ģΪ˲ע⣬μΪûаʿֻǰв£ȴû뵽Ǳ֪˷λ֮£СĵĿˡ
ԽԽǾİΪʬԹڣʵʿûȫﵽʿȴǼϾϵʿڣǺܶࡣ
Ǵͷͯӣв˻ɣǴͷͯӵΪ˵ǿȴڶԷϣ⾳֮ڶԷڣȻһŨ
⡭ˣ˫Ŀ͵˺֮ٸ졣
ֽܲ²ȻɢɲǼʧ
һĻƼɢ
سɴ磡һԪֱӻɢɲǼ䣬⣬ͬӵֱٶȣӶݡ
ǼôֱʣһسɴĿʿҪı꣬Ȼ޷󣡡𶯣˿ȴϾȥ̫࣬
سɴһͨʿǰ֮ͬбӵв֮أ࣬˴򣬸һجΡ
Ԫ⼱ӶݣɲǼ䣬ǰһ߳ºݺݵһģ𶯣һɴ£Ƶӣٴ룬ɫ԰ףҪˡ
̴һɵ֮ЦֻǴͷͯӣŴԴסƵ·
ԶɽǴźХ֮Ѹ١
ƿЦ֪ԼӵسɴͨĿʿǰ޷ӵ˿̳̾ȭѣҲ϶ɷһ·ұشл
ֿһۣ˵ôл
һҧ˵һʿԪԪлΣԪһͷǰʬ֮ƵȡԪһֱ׼ɿܣ˿Ϊ˱ȴǼΪʹ׳
Ŷɫ糣ƽ˵
Ŀһ֣˵ѣóȻŹĳ
û˵꣬üͷһ壬ƣƽ˵Ϣʱ俼ǣ
ƳĬ̾һüһ㣬üĳһƬƣڷɳһž˾ֺϹâһȴһӵԪ񣬻طɳ
ƲԥԪǰһͣС
ϸĿһֵۣ˵ͷԪ񣬵ȷһʿֻȴȻʧֻʣһԪǰˡ
ԪҡͷԴﻻ
ƿЦҲ֪Լ֮ǺǼ̫࣬У粻Ƭ̺͵̧ͷһҧ˵ѣ»һ㶨Ȼ⣡
˵ţ˫Ŀںݶ֮ɫ΢ɲһüĻûĹžһ̱һɼΪѹɲǼء
һ󺳶ǹžڴţڻƮһʬ塣
ʬ壬ͨ죬ڳֵ˲䣬һĻأ漫ΪңǴͷͯӣҲɫһ䡣
ʬڣʬУеʮʬʬǶɹ֮һлϵͨ˼㣬֮⣬ǿƿ֮𣬿һֵͨߣԴ˻Թˣ˵ţһ˦ʱʬֱֶȥ
ǻʬٶȼ죬˲䣬ٽ֣ٽɲǣʬȻ˫ۣ¶һɷĹâ
ɫȵ
һǻʬδȸǣȫСΧڣˣſ԰ӵһ޷Ļ棬һɲǣգ˲䣬յƲȫ߽⣬дƬĹʡ
̫ɽòˣǴͷͯӣҲǻУ̺ˣɫ԰ףղһ̣ǻʬԼǰ޷ӹ˽٣
ôҲû뵽ʮ֮£ƣȻһͷͯӵһΣʿ̵ӡ


900 Թ2
һЦƿдһֱʶȥԸ񣬶ȻЭղŵһУֻǹŪΪģԻԷʬһɢЧ󣬼ȸǣҲ޷ʹôǱ˿̣ȴǰʬԱСΧڣһ˵ǲȸǣСΧڣͬʿû˿Եֿ
ʬ˵ʹʬ壬һسɴʿΪֵãҴ׷ңƿЦУֱʶȥˣҪصʬѡᣬǼҲȫ
㣬֮ܲͬ紵ϮƶУӶʱһ¶֮ɫһ١
ǰֵӰûɫƽ㲨ûκƣ⣬һ֮ʧ
ƲţԶǴͷͯӣͬ¶𾪣ֺ֪ǿȴû뵽ıУԷȻȴҲκ⣬֣ηˡ
Ŀһۣһ֮£ӰʧƺȻУĺˣнᣬᣬһĳͱС
û˵꣬ӰתӶݵɲǣ˫ָ̺⣬պ¡¡ص£ֱӰƺġ
һֱӱ׳ɫ̲԰ף岻ʵѸٵɢ
֮ǰ֮ǰĹƣֿ򳤴󣬼̫գƣ㲻ˡ
ڶԷóʬ֮ʱߣп޶ǻʬǰһϢ񶦿ΪɵģƿΡ
֮ûڿʼʱ㲻ᣬҲпǵģΪʬԹȻһϵбֶΡ
ðȻ֣ս֮еʯ˵ɱ˴ˣʶԵȴóɱﵣһƽоͿɱܹһɱʩչ꣬Ǵ֮ʱ
ʵһҲȷϣ˷֣ȴҲ㣬һӰһΣٴأֱƶȥ
Ļ˿ԪˣЦȴֵ뷨Ժ֮УӰٴγ֣֮£̱޾Х
¡һ׹ֱƣֵ֣ϣÿһ£ӼҪϵغˡ
ۿԼ޷֮Ук֮ɫһȵɱĳɣ˫Ŀ¶񣬺ԥѡԱ
Ԫ񣬲ȫĻѡðգӲǷֳһСλãΣʱ
˿̻ȥȻ䣬һɻԵϢԪҪѡԱʿԪԱԶԶĳ˸ղŵĻʬȸǿԳܵˣһԱȸǣ̱֮
һ飬޵ļ⣬ȫ
֮󣬸дΧĻ𣬺룬Ҳ֮ǰ֣ǵԭ֮һ
˿ۿѡԱɫ糣ƽĿڣɲǼ䣬Ȼ̺ˮԪ˲䣬ԱԪ񣬱Ķס
УԪԣץסԪһƻص䣬ʧӰ
ǿУȸңԶ֮вƻصһ˲ʩչһһԪڡ
ԪϺݺݵһģԪת֮£һģԪʹ䴦ڱеԱ̻֮ɢ
ӡԪϣʹԱȫƺְԪ봢ڣת䣬²Ƴ֣ʧǿա
ȸϣͷͯ˫ĿͫĶֵηŨԼǿԪǾ޷ɣвпܱ
ǵѡԱʱͷͯӸͷƤ飬𾪵ģֵʼƽɫһУڶԷ֮ڣˮľٶǿԪȥӰ
ôͷͯӣϵ𺳣֣˿ľ
ΪʹӣҲҵݣͷͯ˿
ǰգƻصһδԣͷһ۴أƽ˵׼
𶯣׼Ӵӣڷ𣬴˿ȻЩֺ¶η
ղŵһսȫûͨӰʼһ侲ı飬Ϊ𺳣˿̹վһԣ˵׼μˡ
ӽԺֵ淴֮⣬𣡡ֵĿ⣬׼˫ڣ׼һĿֱͬӴ͸Լ˫Ŀʹæĵͷǡ
һĴóһСƿӸ׼ƽ˵ѪȡһЩװƿ
˵ţǰȥ
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ͬʱʹĿһ㣬̱ѪҺɳСƿڡ
־ħ棬ǿ˶ԷѪҺڣһ˿ϢصڣΪ˵߳٣ͬģΣҲԽǿҡ
ҪȸϣͨһȿǵģǹͨѪֱʩչһЩ֮ͨ
ǱͬҲԴʩչ
˿̣Զ򶫲һĳຣ캣Уһͨ죬ŨĻһȼеǡ
ǣΪȸʥǣ
ܣֻһƬǣɢܣ˵أʼնȼжȹ
ԶǿգһâХȴһʿ̤һֱֻ˵ض֮Уʧ
ȸʥڣһƵľ޴ȸ֮޾ĸ£ȸɢϣϥߡ
˿̣ʿӰڰɶû޷£һ֣´ˮ
ʿȻռɵؽ磬ʮһ֧Сӣֱʮһƽͷˣ·һɣԸƷΪ
ľӰһĬȸ֮һߣƽ˵䵭ɳ֮ʣܵĸ̴ΪŨԼйı䡣
˺ʮɣǿ֣˵·Ʒľδ֪ȥ̽飡
£ƽɣʿҲϽһߣ΢Ц
ҿ˵ļƻΣǳˣӦûʿһ̵Ľѵϧʥβ٣Ļ˴֮սȸʥǣҲɵõĪĺôһߣƽ˵


901 ȴ
ȸϣʳڣˣ˿ȫ٣һ㳡ϣЩһڵأ¶ֽ֮̿ɫ
һƬ
ǵǰһ޽ڻʳǵãڣڶƣ޽Ĳǳƽ޻
վڣһİ֣գһλдţ׿֮顣
ֳĬǰƸֳ׿һĻĻ
ȴ
׿ȷֵĳŵְ޵ػҺˣֱԪϾ
̾˴λȸǣİİǴ˿ԼҺ֮УȴҲĸж
еģֻеıˡ
һĸоµĲɣıӣԼߣһеõļ䣬ȫϴȥ
⣬еҺˣҴһ٣СĽǰİ͸Ϥ档
Щ˵ǰǰ˸ߣͬڵϣĬĬ֣Լ䣬ƿԸܵϵĲɣ뱯
ֵĿ⣬˳Ŷ˵λ¿ȥһ֮ϣһ֣֮顣
֣ϡ䣬һЩӡ󣬺Ƶ꣬ȸս֮ʱȸץһͯһ
⺢ӣҲԪˡϵĲɣŨˡһּΪӵ˼תۼ䣬ȥȴǲ׺ɣ˷ǣҪҵһˣҲǺѺѡ
ĬУת߳ãǰЩڵϵһҺˣϣ˵ҲѪȴҲ˵ĸо
ȣΪ֮ӽԺ󣬲κߣ뷲֮£۲ŴߣԿжϣǧҵ
ǻӹ޵֮ͽ⸻󣬲ҪҲգ˵ǰԹǣҿⷲȴǴɣһУ֮ȣƽˣ
ȴҺĮĿЩ֮һۣһ˦ˣ̤նȥɽͷͯӽ󣬻ɴ׼ͬ档
ߺ󣬹㳡һƬĬãѰ˸ɫվӣݺݵĿһۣһ˺ǵŭҵд棬Υߣɱ
֮ߣ˺֮£ûм٣գ֮ȥ
߼䣬ɫһԶֻǰһʮɴСǧ򼣬ҡӣѸߣ򼱳ϣվʿһʿɷǣһϱһѳ
紵Ϯ򣬿ΪƮݡ
ţڿ˵ɲǣ˫ȻһĿ¶⣬ĵ̸ֵ֮
֮ټ죬תۼʧߣֻȴĲһĿ⣬򼱳ϴԼ
СһﲻĿ˲䣬ֵĶߣЦЦʧûټ
üʧ֮ĬƬ̺һΣڶȥ͸Ź죬ֲԸ
ڣʼϥڹ㳡ϣȴ֣֪һ
ʱ䣬ѾˣΪ˻ڣʼ޷ٴͻӤ䣬ģȫԪ
ԭʣϵֵĵ㻯״ֻǣһǰȴǳһ⣬һ⣬ĸԸ
һգҵǰл߳һˣ̤ڣϤһĻĻĿ⣬ϡ
˿̵ңվӣһļ֣˵ң
أƽ˵
¶ӣĬƬ̣Ц⺢ӣһǰ뿪ȸǡ
գŨã̾һۣڵԪϾΪ˵ԭ򣿡
ҳĬ˵ͷ
ΪߵóȸǣΪ˳ȫԪΪۣŪĴ󲿷񣬸ȸ̩İ£ʹΪǿﵽӤ䡣
֣üͷһۣȴûж˵ʲôһĴ̱дɳǻ֮ʱһץ
֮صǴȫѸۣγһ״֮Ũܡ
һڣӶʱںһŻȼա
Ӵóһ˦֮£㳡жѻСɽת̤նȥ
Ϊ˻ΪҰָΪǹЩȨĳмҺ˵չˣӴ֮֮£ĪҪȥɣ
ӾΪɿĻָʧӰ˵ͷ
ŵƿգѸǰڵ棬ȴǾŰѳɢ֮£γһ籩ɨء
˽㣡УֵƴңԶ֮Ʈ̶
ȴǰУ֮ϣ˫֮ûתڵ˶ϣ⾳Ȼ䣬˱仯
ڶ޵⾳ص㣬⾳һйֻѭſһԲεԲԳû뵽˷صȸǣȴǰְ֮̾˫Ŀϣʶɢ˲Ϣ䣬ȸǡ
֮һежߣҪһе֮ߣҪȴУʶһ籩ȸϣϵ죬ϵӣȸλãȫֵʶڡ
ȸǣ弶ԹϻڣһòŮӣϥںϻڵĺɽڣɡ
֮ϻŵר֮˵ص֮磬Ҫ߳У⴫һЦ
ʦãĪҪǰŵҶһ£˫޵գ죬һˣ٬Ц֮ȴǽԶȥ
Ů˫ۣ̾һΪϻΧӣҪﵽھŲ㣬ͲΨſͻơ
Ż˼ͬҲʿǧǰɣϧǧ긣գȴֻܳΪϻڵΧӡһ˿ɬŮӸҪĿɣȻ͵ؿǰ¶ɫ
ֻǰϢ䣬һ꣬òѰϣȴһԵʡ
ƽĿǰŮһۣһĴ̱ʯɳиһѷɽڡ
оɣ֮򣬽֮
̾ŮӵĿɿڴУתȥŻѾȥֵΪʶɨʱȴŮϣһ˿ŻѪ


902 ȴ2
ļٹսڣһòΪĹװŮӣϥڴڣŮΪﵽ˻ڣ˿ϥУ⣬ŲȻ׼Ӥ䡣
ǰһˣһ꣬ò˵ᣬϣȴһɲɣΪͬﵽ˻ڣ˿ǰŮӣ̾ʦãѾ࣬޷ҶͬʱգһΣɣܴﵽӤ䣬һٹͿɽ
ŮӳĬƬ̺ǰӣʦ֣ӤɹҶˣ˫޵¡˵⻰ʱ̾в֪ΪΣֳһ˵Ӱ
ӿЦҡͷԪѾ࣬㲻ˣһУĸԸң˵Ѿصȸǡ
˳ĬУͻȻڣϢ䣬һˡ
ۡϺ磬صУһһŮӾ̿ȥ
һµ֣ǰϤĶˣǵòûа仯ǵսʱҺ¡
֣
ֺЦһۣҲ໰һĴ̱дɢ
ܽЩ񣬱ĳ֮񣡡ֱȭԴϣУóһЩҩºת̤նȥ
弶ħڣ߳û̫仯ֻǸӲɣǾħԪʿЩͬʱѾΪ˾ħ峤
ΪǴﵽӤڣʶֻһߣ˵ˣǿ˲츳ͨʶʿҲһս
ʱУ߳ԽӵأȸϣռһĵλǾħ壬ٲȻΪȸǵм֮
ֻǣµţϴȥ߳жڵһλ˵ֻ꣬صȸ֮£ݣȻ֪
ǴͷͯӵһսҲͨʶĺǸӡ
һգϥУȻ˫ĿһǰֵӰĴڣ
֣߳þò
ţ߳ɬ֣˵
֮£ĪҪˡһĴ̴ɳܶѻɽͬʱóһСƿװ׼֮Ѫ
ʶСƿڣħ֮Ѫ츳֮ͨ߳ټ
ֳ̾תȥ
߳ʧ֮У֮ɫŨ
ħڣһ֮أһɣߣϥڣɣΪȻﵽ˻ڣ˿ɼ䣬ڣɫӿֳһʹ
沿𣬸ֳ״ƣϵǺƱѹס
ãغһ¶ƣȫѱˮʪ
Ѫ棬˳ĲΪˣ¶ڣ͸һĺ⡣
⣬죬⣬һȦɫĺۼǴϢע⣬ͷħޣѸٶȷ£⼸ͷ޸һٽǵɫۼɲǣĲҽ
ǵӣѸٿήʱǲɣкһѸٳתۼһͷԣ˫˺֮£˵棬һҧס޵ľݺݵһ
һֻ޵ۿɼٶȿήֻƬ̣Ϊһ߸ʬһΣٽһޣ˷ûãǼͷȫ
ɫкתߵ֮ǰ֮Զħ¶Ũĺ⡣
Ѫ棬㵱׷ɱã֡죬Ľ֣֮ҲĽ䣬Ψһˡ
ǳѪ棬ǵ׷ɱĽʿڴ֮ޣΪŨϧһвѯǳѪħǱ뱨𣬵Ϊ磬ѪƣеĺޣȴǸŨ
кһ֪ÿһѪƱóѪ֪Լλ˿ҪѸ뿪Ȼ˫Ŀ͵һȫëֱĶǰ
ֻǰ⣬ֵӰһ߳ǰɣߣɫ¶ӡ
춢֣֮һ¶֮ɫ͵˺󼸲ȵ㵽˭
ܾ֮ǰ֣Уֵĵܲʶֻ£ͻȻ֣ȴ
ֻ֪صȸ֮£
ֳĬУһĴ̱ھ˸ƮһԣĽ񰲾棬ǻһ˿΢Ц
ӲŹײģһ̣ǰȫʧΨһڵģǹײڵãûΨһˡ
áˮĿеĺһȫʧȡ֮ģŨŨ顣
ǰչ㣬ãǸûãûչ˺㡭һɫŹײڵŮӣĵʹһ˲䣬ȫ
û˵ĬĬվһԡ
ʱ㣬ضȹڹײԣԼãи˼û
ʱȻԶХ˸ǰ죬վһߣΪﵽӤڣһĿӣߵĿ⣬͸η
죬ҿӵߴЦ۶̱㿴ߵĹײԼڵĽ񣬸ǿ֡
һĻһ٣Ŀ˸ϸĿǹײһۣȴ̿ײľȻŨɢжʱ̰
ֻǵĿʱȴһǰ֮ˣоЩ죬˼УɫĿһۡ
һۣĿУȴ𣬽½̱ʶ˺͵һѪ¶Ȼȴϳǰ֮ˣ
֣ߵɢ˵תҪӣںУ˫ץӣԥǰ׳ͼֹ׷еͺȣ
Ϊ˽µڶֲ˲ٿصķӡ˿̲ٿ£ӣӺһƬѪֳ
˻ᣬҧٶӣ˿һƬհףΨһ뷨ǱҪӣ
ͷƤ飬ĳ˿־壬ʼһ̣̣ǵڻٹħ紦Լ׷ɱһŮʱһСС˾ºԼ׷У̤ħ
ԭû⣬ʱĶȹţ֮ȸĿԽţԽϳˣţǾŮޱԼ׷ɱħС
ľģǺһϵб仯ȸ֮սţʣº֪ȸ̩λãţҲִ裬һеһУΪС֮ºò׵ȵ뿪ȸǣһڴ
ȴôҲû뵽Ȼڽգ֣


903 ȴ3
Ӧòҡȴǲϵ漣
㣡кһǣֻԷղһ仰֪ǰΪ׷ɱĽ֣֮֮ĳ϶пܣ뵱֮йء
Ŀӿɱһ˦ʿԱѪʱֱǳѪȥ
ѪȻУҪ˲ƣˣǵѪ̰ȫҽдѪдǰһģ
ֻһѪڣٴӿµѪȫɢޡ
ʼգ춼û̧ͷܵһУãȻ֪УֻĽ
ʱţãѹϸĿһ۹ײڵĽ񣬺ҪԼ̵ջĿ⣬վʼղһۣתԶȥ
ųѪϵѪƣҲƳ
ȥӰûҲû˵׶Է뷨ĮжʾԸκιϸ
ְ̾ѱ봢ת̤նȥ
һеȻȴڰգŽµȸǣ򣬴ڰϵٺ١
̩ȸӣұȸȴĿƽһ֮£˽³ֲƣʧԭء
ǿУһ̵̻⣬Ӱûǰ̧֣ڵΪޱ˫Ŀ¶⣬һץݺݵһ飡
ҵĲƬ̼䣬һɲɣϢӴ֮ɢһ˫δְץһ㡣
ǻ꣡
ֲδȫȡɺ֣תȥʧȥɵǻ꣬Դ˵Ӱ죬ȴ̫ҡ
һ·ڣǻ꣬ΪҲЩ㣬ϧͷͯӲأ飬ҲֻԼ
һպ󣬴ǻ꣬أʱصȸǡ
ӰȸǵɲǣһɲɣϢ̴֮У߸״Żƣÿһ棬вɣĻЩǻ꣡
ֲ˼ֵһţһΣԼٶȣ˲ϢأɲУںϡ
ʱȸǣȻһ𶯣Ǵأȸ֮꣡
ȸǣһ˲䣬ڵص˴ƬӰ״̬
ûͣ٣ڶţͶأȸ֮𶯸Ӿң֮£ۣһԭʹڵɽ壬͸
еķˣֻо´ů⣬ȴˬƼһɨա
ĸţ׳£أһ˲䣬һΨмʿķһ̣ȸڴ
һͷȸڴ˿̣ڣԭһȻľ³һʱ֮䣬ȸǣ֮Ũﵽһĸ߶ȣ
ˣеʿȫ֮ܵΧĻԾڵҲǣת
ְܵѵأ˲Ϣ䣬ȸϣɽУˮ͸˷㣬һɰȻƣȸϻص
һűͶأȸ֮𶯣ﵽ۷壬Ũ֮£һЩԭʣȴǺԵķˣһ̣
֮⣬ͽʿв٣һȸĳ£ͻƿ
ʿڸڣһ飬ȫĵĳڴ֮Уؼա
ȸǣ˵ûдﵽּƷ򣬵ǣȴҲǰϵָ˵۷塣
̩վȸɽϣգ¶пغһ֣л
ȸڣһɽǰò뵱һģһϵ¶һ˿΢Цҡͷ߸ǻ꣬һ֮㡣ôȻǹһ㣬ǲ˷֮սǲ֪ӣѡˡ
ֿһ۴أǰһȥӰʧʱȴһɽȣھ뵱뿪֮ʱһģһ
ˣǸȥˡֻȥ֮ǰ֮أȴҪȥһˡϧʼѰҲɶԪ֮ӵķĻͿоɱ֮ĿƽԶ
ڣһƬڵǿУһɫĽЩ죬ӣһѰѴ󽣴֮С
֮һ֮ߣǧɣһɫӣܵĽӡ
ˣ˷磬ɱ磡
һȰӰڴ˵ƾջûһ㣬һ֮ϣӰȴһȫɢߣ˵ͷи·⣬Ʒľ֮ӰȻҵ
ɱ̣ľͷȡɱ͸ʿһ񣡡ǸڣɭĴ


904 ̽
ȸǣ֮أǾ޴⣬˿ϥһߣһۣ׷Բԣüֲ֮˸չʮһƬҶӣȴڵʮһҶĶаƬ
Ƭȫ򿪣̱ɳΪʮҶ֮ˣ
壬ʮҶˣ൱ʿ֮е飡
߰Ӱһ㡣
һգ֮ĵȻſ˫ۣʡоһҪ֮ʱȴȻһֱĶĵеһˡ
ڵ棬ǰԼɽߣĬƬ̣˵ȸǰþò
ߣȸӣ¶𾪣ջɽĿ⣬ˣ֣ɬ˵޵Ϊȣǰ֮ƣĪҪᣬֵѣˣˣ
ȸһָɽ
ɽɫĮȸһۡ
ѡˣ̾ǰһ̤ڡɽǴͷͯӣǳȸӳɵһЦ˺档
ڿͷͯЦݵ˲䣬һѹȻȸڱŷɫ̲԰ףи֮ɫŨ
׼ͬں棬֣ΪηǿֵͨȻ԰ȸı䣬֮ͨǰŹΨĴͨʿ
ȸӿЦһΣ뵽֮ڡ
һ·ϣٶȲ죬ڣǰУʱգ弸ˣѾ뿪˵أȴҲûӰ
һĳ룬ּǵãԼʮһ㣬ʮһУ棬׷ɱ֮£óӡŮӵĻᣬӹ˽١
ǻᣬͨľ֮ʣ֪ЩԨԴ
Խ£ԽһƬǼû˾ס˵غеֻŨ֮
֮ǰֵΪ֮£ȻвʣŲϵ룬ջᱻ֮ƣ޷ǰС
˿̣Щ˵ʵ΢ҪתԪЩ֮ӵԣͲҿ
ڲϵ£֮ǰγһɼתУΪ俪
߼䣬ʼճѡ壬ͬһ壬һЩȷ񿴵ȸڴͷͯǰı֣ȷԼ²Ϊ档
壬ɢη壬ڵԪһɢ̱Ǵв
һеص㣬Ԫ
뵽ԪҲЩգڵԪˮޣÿһʩչһԪһЩʱ䳤ˣûвķȫþ
ˮеԼɱԪҪ󼫸ߣûһԪ޷о򣬸ʩչ
ҲǵˮһҪֽɳصԭͬҲºɶص㡣
ֻǣɳأ׶̫࣬һֲԸѡ񣬵˵ԪⲹķҲԹܶ࣬ٴҲ޷γԪ
˴ͷ֮ͯҲԹǲС֮£ΨоԪ
ʱ룬ֵڶΣʮһ㡣
ʮһ㲻󣬵汻ڳһ֣ЩһγһķţɫҺЩӳеģѪɫķš
ʮһڣһֻеɫҺ
֮һ˵أʮŲ㣬⣬֮ˣֻܽʮ㣬㣬û˿ԽȥȸŴ˵أ˵
ֵͷʶһɨѰ˽ʮڣһ֮£ֱڶȥ
ʮ㡢ʮ㡢ʮĲ㣬ʮ㡢ʮ㣬ֵΪûκ谭ֱ˵ʮ㣡
ʮڣͬѪɫģֻģȴǸӸӣһۣл֮⣬˫Ŀһڷʮڹײģײ֮ϣֱз˸
ڴ˵صм䣬һɫˮ̶ɢܣǣܷʵĺɫҺ壬Դˮ̶γѭֻǣҺˮ̶󣬱Ϊ˺ɫʱȴɢâ
Щ˼ǰȥˮ̶ԱߣϸĿһۡ
ʮ㣬֮ǰΨеﵽʮҶԽ룬ܵЩײģӦö档У˵ڵʮ˲㣬屾Դ֮ʮŲ㣬ǰһлꡭֵѣƿ˵ʮ˲㣬뿴ڵ֣Ϸ汾ԴȸӳĬƬ̺
ǰ֣еСޣɢȡ֮ģһţͿȸǱĴͨʿ
ӣʱ룬ǵԼδ㻯Է񣬽գǷǰͨʿء
ֿȸһۣ˵ͷȸӶж˵º֪˶ԷĿġ
ǺˮڣɢĺŨϸһӡڣӡֿΪﵽʵ۷壬δؿƳ
֮⣬ӡϣǶѪҪûѪҪ룬Ӽѡ
ѹʮ߲㣬һֱ˿Խ룬ǿȵķӡѰʿԴ򿪡ֳУǺɫˮأ˷壬֮ҪȻԭ
ԭ򣬾ǵҦ֮˽սʱҦóĻɫֽֽڣһɼΪȻȫ֮ͳͳӡ
һĻʱգȻ£ϣͬһֽ
Ƭ̣ƽ˵ͷʩչȫˮأǿչ
ͷͯû£ԪȻתһŨڱһ籩ķ
ȸӵһܲסʶ˺ɫ԰ףУ·һ־ǿеǲͻ˺顣
־£ȸӵͺһ
ڴͷͯӲȸӣˣĻᣬͷȫԪת֮£˫ڶһ㣬ͷȻ仯ʹһ࣬һ֮üγһӴĳֱǰˮضȥ
һ죬ˮ˲ת
˫Ŀһһ۾ͿˮڵķӡڴͷͯӵĹ£ƿļֻ⼣󲢲ԣ佫Ҫɢɲǣ˫ָɽ˫Ŀ̺֮һ̷Ĵ˷ָۣ⣬䣬ֱˮյȥ
һ֮£̱޾¡˳˫ָ㣬ˮڣһ죬ʮڣִƬѷ죬֮ɢУˮڸˣˮؾҵƮڵ˸䶯һɫķġ
̫ӣ֮£Ϳ硣ֲҪ磬ҪӡϿɣҪǿƿ


905 ̷
죬ŷ֮׹ߣϵشÿһ׹ײʹ𶯣ϵУĵѸɢӡ
˫ۺһ̧ĸֱӻû޹ǳ֣Ĺ˸ɷ¶
ǲϱķģȻһϳֻҹ⣬ȴѸʯһɲǣɽһ̤ȭȻһ
һ죬ʮΧ𶯺Ƿģʱ׹Ǽӿߣһ֮У׵Ļɫľ⣬ɢܡ
ɢɲǣ֮ǰˮصĵ棬һ󷨹â˸ɢ֮⡣
ʮ߲ͨ򿪵˲䣬ȸϣһɹ㳡ڣԭ˫֣Ц뼸ͽ׵ӽ̸ĿƻϵɫһԶ
֮ջĿ⣬İˣʮ߲㣬Ҳûʲô˿֮СһΪҲ˿˽һЩ֮µĳ̶ȣΪʮ߲㣬ҲǼˣʮ˲㣬ȴǽˡ
µʮУɽǰһڣʧֵȴƬ̺ȷûΣգһȥţͷͯ׼ȸӣͬʱŴʧ
壬µʮ߲㣬һƬڣûаâһŨƣ˿ʮ߲ģ󷨹âͻȻ֡
ŹâܵһɲǼ䣬ޱȣ
һɴСĵؽ磬һÿһ㣬һʬţЩʬϣɢģȻ
ЩʬȻһˣ
ֻûа鶯ȫЩʬѾꡣ
˲䣬󷨹âɢڣˡ
ɽǵһ˵֮ˣڽһ̣˫Ŀ¶⣬ϵشܣĮڿܵһ̣ɵͫһ
˵һƬֺֻڣ޷ֹʶʶȻһɨ̵ɫ
ͷͯӸʶ鿴ܺɫ԰ףɳأȥ⾳Ԫ˵ȻΪˣһʮ߲ľ𺳣ԶԶˡ
оģһԪȻ˲Ʊһѹơ
ѹ£ͷͯӶ߷һĺУɫ԰֮£һһѪӿֱ֣
ֲ˴ͷѪһģԪӿ룬ʹôͷͯӻָѡ
ܵĿ⣬¶ŨŨľη
ȸӣͷȫȻ̱ܵһϢĺɫӡǷģһ̾Ȼе䶯ɿ֮£Ȼ˻
ЩģһˮҺתһεڼѹʹȸķģؿѸ۶ȥ
ȸӴһģУԭڴͷͯӵľη˿Եĸı䣬һǾηѹơ
ܵӰģ֣ڽ˲䣬̲ˮͳɶˮУתĻ
һƬޱȣ˵ȴǿĿһУʮ߲㣬ǽ£Уһ߾ߺס
ЩȫʬǴ͸ҲһЩʬ˫ùǶ͸ڰա
Щʬ֮£ϰ٣
ÿһߺϣǰ޴ĺۼȻЩڳ޷Ŀ̺󣬲ҵȥ
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֮ɢΪڵԪ񣬱Դ֮ͨĽڡ
ȻѾ޾ϵʴԪ񣬶Ԫȴֱǣȴ޷뿪壬ֻĿɿݣգȴǱĥ
ֿ̣͸һɶŨĺ⣬˺޾ִһɳ
⡭ȸӴܵһУ˵
Щˣǰÿ˵ΪҪǿһЩͷͯӸдĪ
ʱͻȻһײǰһ߸ʬȻһϵķģɿ˸ȴƬ̼䣬ֱӴ͸˸ʬӣڡ
һ˲䣬Ǹʬ͵˫ۣĿֻһƬն˿̣նȴһ޷ĺɱͻȻı
ˡһͺصǸʬϵѸٵ͸˲ɢûʬӶʱһγɷ籩ֱͷͯӶȥ
ͷͯɫ԰ףʶ˺󼸲˫Ŀ¶׹⣬ͺУ˫ԪתҪʩչ
ʱһĻͻȻ֣
ͷͯڵԪתɲǣȻ̴ɢѸٵɢɢٶ֮죬ԶԶ˴ͷͯӵ
δʩչȫΧţһĻɢ
ۿǸʬٽкһ̤һһԪֱӿ֣һ֮£һвƻصǸʬӣɡ
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ȸһֱǰһĻĻɲǼ䣬绮ȴ˺ܾ֮ǰһţ
⡭ãУϵȸʱ⣬ٳһ㣬Ϊãз֮˽룬̱㱻ɱû뵽⡭Ȼģ
ȸص˲䣬֮ٴֻʮ߲ڣбסĸʬһɲǣȫ˫ۡ
׹͸һͺУЩʬϵɢʹǶʱӵɣһҰޣгֱͷͯӻ׼ȥ
к˸̧֮£еͺȣ磡
һһɺڷȻ֣ɲǼʮ߲㣬γһڷ磬ܷľȥ
ǺڷХУȴͷûŭƬ紵֮ʣΪģɨ
Щʬ̷׷ֹѸٺˣǰ˵ǿ˿ȻǱһٿأԶԶ統ꡣ
Щʬȴ̫࣬һȻС
ڷХУЩʬϣȴз˸ЩͬʱɲǼ䣬ȻγһĻӡӡΣĵ˸Уȴѹ¡
ַӡֲǵһҦһսʱ˼ţ˿ɫһ䣬ǰһ²ƻصʧӰ
ڷХͷŭţܺɨʬʹЩʬڿ֮Уӡ
мʬֱһ
ӰһʬԻûĿ⣬˫ָ̺⣬ָ֮ʣ޾׹лûָɲǼ䣬˫ָǰһʬͷ
ʬӾҵĲпնƬ̵ѣһ˿ѣһɢܡ
ɢɲǣһԪ֮ɢ˳룬Ŀһ۲֮ȴǷ֣Ԫ֮δκ˺ˮɾɶںϡ
һ֣̿ϲ


906 ٣
һֱѰҲɶԪ֮ķԪÿһʹãһЩʱ䳤ˣһȫ꣬ɶͻ
ҪģԪоԼɱĹؼһЩɱû㹻Ԫ޷ʩչĥ
ҲΪһֱûоԭ
˿Ŀ¶⣬һΣڷ֮ʣͺȵɽȸǰסģЩ
һ̤ޣʱһʬߣʳָ£¶⣬ֱһǸʬ͵תſڱһһ˸ֱֶȥ
һüת˺֮ʣܿһʬ˫ָȻȥ
ǸʬɲǣֱӻжԷ壬һʬԪ֮ɢֱ׷壬ڡ
ɱһˣ˿ܵĴʬȴֱֶ
Ŀ¶֮⣬ǰЩʬǵϣֿԸܵŨֻǣЩ˵ǰǿ󣬵˿ȴжͣͨȫޣһֿڵΪɱǣѣ
ֻǣֿǵģλļֵɱЩʬȡԪֻ֮Ŀ֮һлһΪ󵨵뷨
Ӻ˼䣬һʬĹзɿİǼ뷨ٴγһ顣
Ƭ̺Ŀ¶ϣ֮â˸ˮйػԼɱĴУڻ꣬ΪϲɱڴУ˵δоȴһЩ
ɱǰɱһ飬벻ֻأʹΪã⣬ɱľ衣
ͨڸոʱȴô򵥣ҪԼһɱ֮ԪֻУһһȡ
ˣɽ
ҪģҪӵգ
νգɵ۰׷Դһʽͨͨɵ۰׷ϣǷһ磬֮Ϊձ磬˽زл꣬¯ճΪɱĸ֮
ֻǣ˽Ϊ׷ԴѧᣬЩѶȣˮʣѧѣȴûѧһ·Դɱ¾磡
ҪһŻ֮أֻɱ¾ΪΣԴ˱ɱ¾磬һɱ֮ˣӲƿأ
ˮĿʹԴ֮֮ΪΪΣ
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£˵صЩʬȴһЩʬû꣬ǵ꣬ǱԪڣڵĽУںϡ
ܰЩȫֻأպɱ̱дĿʩչͨ
¶⣬Ӱ̤ʱһָϿգͺȵֻػȪ
ɲǼ䣬һ֮ӿֱ֣ӳֵϷһȪû޾Թ죡
Ȫ֮ӶֽŲһ̤˫쿪¶⣬ü֮һתƬ̼䣬̫ԪֱӴüĳһ
𣡣
ʹ֮Ȩ
һ춯أܴ˴ǵʮ߲㣬˿̣һ׵ȸһ˲䣬ľ䣡
ֻ֮ϣȻ˴Ƭƣ֮£ȫȻ䣬ֱӶȥ
Щ׵̫֮࣬£Ӵ׹⣬ޱ޾ӳΪһ©ʹ׵磬Ȼй
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ȸǿշԲڣ޾ֱȸһĻԶȥȸΪ׳ص
޾׵磬Χĺ¡صǿգ޾޾֮£ȫ֮ڡ
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ȸˣ˿̣ǿУʿһСʿۣͷߣָʿ
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ͷƤ֮£еһ뵽ģǵһڣľʩչ֮ѴͷͯӺɱһĻ
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һһʬֱӱԪ֮ƮֱֶɲǣȪɨڳ˻ǣȪ
һĻĻܲϵؽУŴ˵֮Ũ޷Ȼ䣬еͬһʱ䣬ȫȻը
һα̻һɼ͵֮籩ɨ֮£һиʬȫȻ߽⣬Ԫ֮ڣʹڵɶֻƬʱ䣬Ӥȭͷһ㣡
֮⣬ŻȪһǱȪԹ̴ΪŨУϰٸ֮꣬¶ѣһĻΪ죬з˿̱ᱻƸε
˵ı֮籩ͬʱǰеһ㣬γһ޷ĳʹʮ߲㣬Ȼ
ֻһ죬ʮ߲㣬һâӵ´͸Уͨʮ˲ͨȻĴ򿪣
ȸӴһĻһƬհף˵Ѿаֿļߣ˿ȴǷ֣Լǵ͹֣Դ򿪵ʮ˲ֻͨ𾪵ĺȻ
ͷͯӣӲٴοһԼͨĳʵ̫󣬵ľ֣֮࣬Ϊη塣
ɽʼޱ飬׼ȴǵǰڳΪһǿߵûвʣ֮С
磬ǿΪ
ڵʮ˲㱻֮򿪵ɲǣȸϣǿƻϵ͵ǰһ̤ʧԭء
ʮ˲㣬ܽ룡


907 ȸ
ȸʮ߲ڣɽҪʮ˲ɲǣʮ߲㣬ȻصһΪϵ
ʮ˲㣬ܽ룡
Ƶɽ̺ƱһɴֱӱʮɣһѪ
ͷͯͬˣ׼Ҳ˵һһƬհףֻ֪Լӣڲϵغˡ
ȸӣҲˣΪͣһΣԶԶ׳ھͷǽڣѪή
˫ۺһٽ£ԪȻת˫ŵŵŵ˺ɣסɫ԰֮ʣǰ
ֻǰвƻصǿƻϵһ̤ڴ˳ֵ˲䣬һɸ·ܣȴɲǼ䣬ѷ챻̣תУͨʮ˲ĵ·ȫ
ϵɷǣŭ˿Ŀһɨ̱һɼΪǿϢֻϢһɢʧϵڣʹˣһΣա
ֱֺӴһ˦ȸӡ׼ɽͷͯˣֻоһɿ棬ɲǼ䣬ǵӰʧԭأֱ֮⡣
ͫһͷתϵ˶ߣΩԼ⣬Ŀ΢ɲһ̹ȭ˵ɵ֣μţ
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˫УЩ֮ˣǵͨǹĪ⣬ԷΪּ䣬ɷӡأʹԪΪ𶯡
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ؼʱ̣һڹԶֱ˸ǺڹӰȴòһ̱Ƿ߽սƬ̼䣬Ǳڹ֮ˣ˫ָȻץüģݺݵһק֮£һųĻţץ
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ѵɲǣ̿ǻţԽԽǸооǷüĵĻһģһ
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ʶüģȴʲôûС
ʱ˿̣ڣһž޴ʯ飬ǿкХֱȥʯ֮ϣվһˣų죬˫Ŀ¶ıԶǿգƷľɲҪ̫


908 ȥ
ܲڣϵ
˸ϵһ߳ϸĿһۣüģ⣬ƽ˵ˣ
ȭһЩ档
ϵ΢΢һЦ̧ǻһץ̻һϹձϵץС
ǷӵһδԲĽҶʿԴ֮˱Դ֮ΪĪĺôʥڣȸһŵӱҪĿ飬иŵӣ
˵ţϵƴǻڵһ˿ɫкûָֺ󣬴һ˦ϣʹʧ˴˵ء
ȥ飬ȸǣϷڣ˿Զֺ
֣ϵĿ¶֮âŽ£壬һ㣬Ϸһ򿪣
ȸϣһɽ֮ӻɫв԰ף̿Զڷ˳Ĭ
ϵΪһϹ֣ǿһЩˣȸǣʲôĿģ
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ݹ죬Կ϶ʥȸ֮ˣֻǴ֮ǰĻ⡭ˣ̫٣޷²⣬£Ǹ뿪ˡ
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ڣҴ붨ѣ飬գ֪һֵȥǺܾúܾãˡ
ȸǿУӰֱӳƬ̺ɽ٣ɽһ֮£Ӱڣڴͷͯӣ˿лָվһԡ
׼۾һתַԸӴ죬ȴɲǼ䣬ɵľˣһɰѹȻǿա
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֮⣬ħǹ츳ͨЩͨʿϲ
׼һ˹ڵϣд
ˣ׼ĸԸΪ
ǰӴӣĿҲһ˿㱣ò˵ԾħΪǿߣȷһΪ۵顣
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׼ӴӣǿѸǰУԶԶشȥͷͯӴһУ¶Ź֡
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ͬʱѪɽɢɲǣһһ֮УѪȴǻ⣬ԶߵХÿһڣһѳɽ
˲䣬ͬʮѳɽȻɢǺʮ⣬γһΧܵ׹⣬̱ЩɽȴۣǣгȻڷɽ֮ûһʮڣ
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ֹͨڴˣôգӲĳ֣֮
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909 һ漣
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ӨɫӻóһɰһЩݣժȡ˺ɰڣŴЩá
һ֮£ڳֱӳǿУֵɲǣǰвƻصޱ飬˳
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ֵ꣬ķ뱾һΣںϣ
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ĿգĿ£췢٣ڷںϺγһͷϷ޷Զüģ֮ǱĿԴأ˿ߡ
Ҹһ漣ֱص޾ľ죬ǿУȻĻصһ֮£Ӱʧ


910 ǿ壡
ֵգ仯󣬵ȴǳ侲Ƥ֮аƣɲԣϣһɼǿϢĻصǿա
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ڷɫսȭͷ֮ǰڿֽ²ƻصɲǣ̱˫ĿͫһĴһ
سɴ磡
֪һͨҲû뵽ľȻѾһͨҪ֪ʶʿУʩչسɴʿټ֮ͬУǷëǣ
βõйľڣûἰ¡
ʶģԪɢγɱڱ֮󣬾ȻûκľӰǰԪҲ˿Է
ڷɫȴ֪ľˣ
ŭУ͵תֱĶսĴͷͯӣһɱŭɱȫ˴ͷͯϣһ֮£ֱͷȥ
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ͷ¶ӿֳһɷҪԱԼԪ˵ʲôҲҪƴٵԷһ
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һɿ紵ȥŻĳĸǵ̱׵ɢȫ
һ֮£³ֲƣȻʧʱȴɽԱߣɽǰڷһȻ𺳵ĲٹѸٺˣٶȣȣֳֵɲǣ˫ָɽһ޾˷ֵۣ˫ָϣ˫֣֮һָȥһһ±
ɱ߸һУ˵ֻϢ˵𺳣ȴͬ㣡
ɫĮһ۲Զɫ԰׵ڷǣ˵⣬ĳ漣ɻ⣡


911 ɱ
ڷ¶ŨĺȻܿǰľΪǹ죬ֻǿڣǿȣ˼飬ȻԼԷķӲ
һ㣬
ɢģǸղŵһ𣬾ȻֱӱĸȫҲоһ޷ֿĿ־塣
˿ûսȥһΣֱһѪȴˣѪУһ֮£ֱԶȥ
Ӷݵɲǣ֮ǰȵǾ޴ʯ飬һ̣Ȼѣ޾ɷ֮ʣȻγһΧıϵɢУͼ赲׷ڷǵĽŲ
ɫ䣬һָأʱпХǰĴȥ̱ǲϵرֱӴɢӣһ֮£ֱԶȥ
ڷ֮٣̫죬ѪݱһΪıУ˿֮£ȴǲٿǵʧѸӶݡ
Ӷݳɲǣǰ޾У̲˸һ߳ӭһȭ
һȭգʱܵԪʱڷһֱһѪѪ߽⣬˱ıƳ
һ˿ڷ˫̴ڣȻɳһѪ⣬Ѫ֮Ũγһɷ֮£ڷһУһʮɽ⣬ںХ䣬ֱ֡
ڷǵı˿ȴǱƵ˼ޣ˼ʩչڵΪ׳֮£ǰƾճ˴ƬѪӿ̱һͷɴС˶ͷſѪڣɡ
ЩһĴ̱дķɳǰ˸ַâһھѪǰÿһ֮ϣڷǵͺ𣺡ɱ
ǰķֱ̳֡
ڷǴ˿ɫв԰ףȴǺԥģ̺ˡ
ɫĮڷǱĺɫɲǣӰȻɢһɼΪŨۿɼģֵȴ˲䣬һʮɸߵľˣ
Ӵ̱вɣ͸һɼΪǿϢһ֮£ָͲ㣬Ǻɫֱϣһûаͣ٣Ǻɫ󽣣ֱӱ߽⣡
ûк壬лֱԿڵı˿̣뱾ԿڵķȴȫԿסŨԪ֮£Ѵڵķ֮ȫɢ
ǽ汾ĺɫ֮黯İɾ˿УֱɣһĮһǰ̽һץסǾͷһ֮µһֱӱ
ҪԿףȴǷȻл꣬˼⣬̻Ȫ֣ɨ֮£Թ졣
˳ְѾȪ˫ǰһӣЩӭķһ˲䣬ȫ
٣ӶеڷǣֱһѪɫӲ԰ףҧ֮£Ŀ¶ϣȴžʹһ˺ԼۣѪӿУѪɫдȴɲǼ䣬˺µۣһγһԲε֮š
ڷһ֮£ֱ̤С
ľɱлɱ̣⣬һˣǿڻ֮ͨ£ҲȻڷ͸⣬߽С
ۿڷҪӣбɱһԸһ˲ңҲˣңұɱˣ
˿ڷǵȻ̤ڣмת֮£ȴԽԽСҪʧǿ֮С
Ŀкһ⣬̴֮ȴһ󶦣ûʮɴС֮⣡
ַ֮ʹãҪԵ̰ǵӡ˿ַ뱾ʩչȴ
ΣɲǼ䣬ڴҵĻصֻ֮ѸУƱһ˫δץţıתƵǰֵӣ֮ͬ£ѸǰС
߽ɲǣֵ˫ָɽ̺ն޾˫ڣͬʱǿ֮ԼһеͨһָУȻ䣬ֱӴ͸ѸУڲݺݵһָȥ
ڣ˷Уɱ磡
һ󽣴յĽһд˿ȻһԲεУһǣ֮ڴɱڵʿע⡣
ֻУڷǵһ̤ɫ԰ף۴ȻѪ£ʱУѸٵ
ۿصϤɱ磬ڷ˿ڴȴȻ²ѣ˿ĿǸҪ˵
һɲǣͻȻһɼΪǿϢǸڷĴͬʱһŭ
ڷǣ뿪
ͬʱһâǸڼ۶˲ٽڷߣһ
ɲǣڷûͣ٣̾Ҫֻǣһ˲䣬ǲڣȴһ֮Ȼ˺֮£ɲǼ䣬б㱻޾Ĵ͸ָȻһɱѸٰڷǺģ
ľڷһѪ屻ݺݵ׳׳֮ʣصƬѪ亹ë˲䣬ӣֱӺһˣ
Ԫ񣬶У޷Ӷݣӣ
䴢Ȼ߽⣬Ʒɢһ֦ȴ̻Ǵ̽˫ָס
һĻɱڣһ󾪺ǴӸ֮Ϸɳĺâֱеָȥֻǣָȴڵɲǣջأɢ
Ǻдŭȴٶȸ죬һ֮ʣ̽ɿ֣ɢ֮ݺݵһץǵһһŤ֮£ɿݵ֮ϣȴץ˰֦
ľǺâһ̻һˣͲϣһͷ췢棬һ̣ŭ
ɱ磬û㣬ԼУֱӺɱ飬ǱԷɱԼҵһ㣡
һŭ𣬴Ӹ֮ϴһȫӿŨɱʿѸֱĶڷ֮ãĳĬ
ֳĬһ޷ɱϵѹУڵȴű
Ǻ췢¶ɭ֮󣬴һ˦˻ص˸Уãڴ
׷ɱľ
˵֣ջ˫ָӻС˲ϢУˣɫ䣬ȻѾɱˣǾҪɱĳףŶԷ뿪Ҳֹɱ¾ˣԱɱ֡
ֿ꣬а֦һۣ봢ɱڷʱðȡȴдá
дɱƽһΣʧԭء
ʱȴ׼ǴͷͯӴ˿ֻ˿ڴɫ¶
ɽڷǷ֮սˣ˿ϥһԣתˣ׼ϣƽ˵׼ѰһΪصǣҪչأ
׼¡¡Ĵһ壬ԶԶʧԭء


912 ʴ
ǿУ׼Ӵӣγһɼǿϣ֮ʱѸǰУʱԶһХȴһʿۡ
ͷߣһеɷ֮һԭ׼ӴӺһ¶裬ЩʿҲһٴУХУ̺ͨ
ʱǴͷ˫Ŀһȴǿ׼ϥеͷͯӣһ֮£ȴǵ˺󼸲ıȭμɡ
ľ֮кպգۼַ֤֮ʱ׳٣֣˼Ϊ壬˿̵ĹҲǳĶΪ
һͷû˵׼֮ٴű֮ЩʿߴһֱȥԶǵɷʿջĿ⣬¶ĽƷɣȻ
ĽģһˣܵʿһҲĸпĽѡ
׼ǰУʿĴҲԽԽ࣬ȻǳױռݣЩһʿڿֺ󣬾ɫǿ׼Ŀ⣬Ľ
ľ֮£һʿĴУ󲿷ʿ֪ʿйľĴżࡣ
о󲿷֣˵ľҳսѱΪ֮ˡЩţģƲ£
飬һʿȴûֹټֵȷʧȣһԽ˵Խš
Ʃľ˼϶֮ԴǣԽӵľ
һ·׼ǰУڶʿע⣬ֵĿ⣬йУҲкܶ࣬ζ·ڵſһֵĺϷ
һպ׼һͣ£ȱʿռݴʱҲû̫⣬ֻ˰ضѡ
ϸĿһǣλҲƫƧ˵ʿռڣҲްѡչء
һһΣ׼̤£ǰȥͷͯɽ׼ҲС󣬳Ϊɴ󺺣Ųں档
ٽǣֱһ˵ģȴڶޣЩûǣȫƾ档
ɳ̵ĴߣųͻܣѰ
ڴصɲǣפϵļʿ׷״ӴоѣһԥƬ̣̤ŽѸٷ
ѡĵطǴһɽ壬ɽֱܹ֣𣬷һֱָʶȥҪͱһ㡣
̤ŹֵɽϣַԸɽһȭڴ˷壬ʱɽֱԷһ
˿̣ռХפڴ˵صʿѸٽڰ⣬̱ȭ˵μɡ
һͷҪԴ˵ĪҪš
⼸ʿæͷǣȭˡ
ЩߺĽлûֵĽƲӡܵؼ䣬ɽңнƵĺۼ
˽ƺɽͷͯӸϥԶл׼ͬҵһλϥ£оԼ츳ͨƺһЩı仯ĬУϵ˼
ֱ˫ĿһƬֻԶʱһƵĲãԶԶ뿪˵ûǣܵĸоΣա
˵У̨иˮеɵ
ꡢɱ
֮֮ǰһʩչʱЩΣһ˿֮⣬ºٴʩչȴʼûгɹ
ˮĴУȴԭڣ绽꣬ʵϣźĹ֮еʩչǿ໥תҵӡ
У˫쿪ĸ֮
֮꣬ԪʹԪΪԼãҰշĲʹˮÿһˮУ̺ŨԪ
˵Ȼǹһ֡
Уڵգ֪ʱ۳һƬƣܹ㣬ãһεˮڴϣǴ˵غܾûˣˮ֮ʱ汻һ㳾ֵλãһۿȥڣУµˮմסµĻص˴ء
һĻ׳ۡ
ˮ˳ڣʱȻУκֹͣȴˣ̤ն
ˮδϣϢʧƬһ·ȴǰˮδմ
ľ֪һͺȴһ˿дһߣɵڼˣݣǵúɵ̷ϣ
ڴԣɫ֣Ŀ¶䡣ˮ⣬ƬڸǷлȼգʹһ޷ѹһЩر
δ֮Уɫƽߡ
Ϸ㣬콻ս֮ʱںδ˺£ΪƷɣսǰʧ٣ϴߴȣ
ʼû˵ֻĿ⣬Խӱ䣬ʶǣȴûҵ֣Զй˼ɣ̽
ʼɫ糣˿ƽ˵ȥɱɱ磬ɱڷǣ
һһоһ


913 
ʲôɱڷǣľ㵱Ϸ꺢ͯɣŪһ֣˵ʲôɱ磡Ŀȵ
ɫƽһۣǰĿͶϡ
Ӷ֣ϱͣ˵ȷɱ磬Ҳȷлɱֻ̣֤ɱڷ֣
Ӵһߵ̲˵
ޱ飬һĴǰ֦УлεߣŴǰһףֱӶȥ
Уز֦ٽӣǰסϸĿһۣʱϳǵɱڵ֮һΪ̱ܵĳһɣȻ֣һɣ棬Ĳһɷ
ûɱ縱𼶱֮˵ɱӿֵĿ⣬͡
һ֦һ˦֮»֣ЦãľҰڴ˵һº󣬴췽Ԯ٣ֱ˱
̬ȭǡ
ӳЦУĿԶĴͷͯһۣת̤նȥߵߣæ
̤䣬ԶԶʧȥӰ
ɫ糣ȴ˿Χǰб˴㣬ˣŻڷһսʱðհ֦ȡΪģȡˡ
ǿУɫһɨղοޱ飬ϲŭ֮ɫߵǸߣ˿һ˵ҿľѣңǴͷͯҲ֮һȻľҿ
תĿһۣһ֮£һȴǰѺ仰ֱ˻ȥ
ջĿ⣬һա
ľ򵥣ü֮ĹҵΪȻֻܿһɣȻܱҿһǿգĵ׳
ܱһԭе뷨̾Ϥ׼ȷ˵һȸӡǡ
ֻΪ̶ȣſԿüĵӡǡ
ľڻص֮ǰδŹ֣ʧЩʱպ󣬲ų졭ȸӡǡ˶жˣҡͷһ֮£ʧԭء
ľعϢں̵ܶʱڣɢϾľ֮պգܿ죬еʿ֪ľˡ
Ƶģ֪Ϣ󣬳ĬƬֱ̣ӴʿСӳȥǰ̽·ѰǷйе֮
˵֣ڵǣǵ꼾ˮϣСʹˮԶԶȥغƱˮָ֧飬Ŀ⣬·Ť͸ˮ
ϣȻɢˮУڵγһϴˢĹˮ£һЩɳˮţǰȥ
һƬƬֲϣ֦Ҷžžλ֮ˮ˳֦ҶԵ£·һ㣬һ㣬Ӷ䡣
ڶޣѰϢ֮أ֡ΨһЩϲˮСޣŻ꼾Уˮﴩ
ˮУڵɽ壬ֱɽ֮ͷͯӴص޾ˮ˳Ĭ
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ǵãԼʱҲһҹԼãȻУƳ˼ţˤˮУʱȻųɵ֮ЦֻЦݣЩ౯
ˮУδʪʱߵԼ¡¡ͷоĺʹ
֪ԼѿΪ˲Ǵ΢ЦһУᷳĳҲһЦݣ֮ͬĸܵ۸ʱҲһЦ
ɾˣɻһҹУЦݽ𣬴ãȻĵĽҹԶ
ӺС¡УʱԵ¡
ͷԼؿڣһԶɽ׼ֿ˿֣У֪ΪΣһ˿ů⡣
УԶҲǲǰԼ׼Ա֮ʱһ˫֣ԼΣקһӰռǰ硣
׼ͬˮ츳ͨ԰Ļ£֪ԼһĻĻ
Ӿħڱƶߣǻޣ˵£ӳ˾ħǣãȻǿڡ
ǸʱãѪȴȥ졣
ΨԶ磬ò뿪һṳ̂ħǵĻᡣ
ãУˣȸǣǸʱȸϵȸӣҹǣҹǵĴ£ڶʿߣϵԭóʹ÷ĵ壬չһս
ԭһս֮УΪ˰ҹߣһ׼ܲϲˣǸˣǵƺǽ˾ͽϡ
˼Ϊţ¸ǽħ֮£ϲҹǣǾħĵܵҹǵ¡ؿҹǸǺԥƬأԳһ͸Լ
Ƭأǽӽ壬ǾԶΪȫ֮
ԼΪΨսһɱ壬սˣȡͷҹǣ
ǰ׼ǸпǱ濴Ļ෴Ļľ̫̫飬ֻǱʬڽʱ̫ãЩģ
ΪĻԣ׼˼ͬΪֵһδεİй۲£򣬸֣ԼлصħǱһգ
֮ǰһսֹһ֮£һ̣еĻȫʣµģֻ洫еһ־֮˵־
Ҳһ̣иֵ뷨ļᶨ
õӣһУҪҾħͨ뵽׼˫Ŀ츳֮ͨڡ
ϥУˮ£ϣ˿˿˳ˮڣˣɣʶɢɽΪģܡ
ʶһ̣ͼˮڣֻǣÿʶһ룬ˮڴɢʶҲһɢ
ܶʼصˮ·ֵʶûκεֿΪûеֿ֮£ˮɢһ㣬ȴҲ޷ֹ
ϵУֽسڣߣȻ䣬ܾúܾ֮ǰԼһθ
꣬죬ڴأмḶ֮́Կˮ죬أҲ꣬һ
Ȼһ͵˫ۣǰˮѾʣµģֻˮıԴ


914 ޼ƻ
Ŀ¶ǰˮлصˮеĻ֮أ˫ĿԽԽҹڣơ
ȥˮֻסˮĢ́ͷ֮ϵƲ㣬ִصˮǴ䡣
ееģֻƣ

ֳУʶɢȥˮ֮УǷҡֱϾ죬ֱʵƲڣ֮£̱У˴Ԫ
ЩԪΪȶڼٵײÿһײУдƬδڱء
˫Ŀ˸һΣֱӴɽ嶥˷̤Уһ㣬һһֱգС
ڵɲǣ׹ߣк¡¡صأֻ˵γɲκ谭
̤ڣʶɢŨϵУǽ¶΢ЦƬ̺󣬴߳һ֮£ȴһˡ
дˮգЩˮΣΨʶ鿴ſǿЩˮʱγɵ֮ƣƮ죬Ѳ顣
ˣһЦ˫쿪·һԪɢ֮䣬ˮŨٿذ㣬ӴѸۣ֮Уֵ˫ڣһռŤȴƬ̺һ˿Ƴ֣
Ƴֵɲǣ̷ɿʵ˫УһƲ㣬Ȼû
ʶںɨȴƾճ֣֮ʣʶһʱƲڱк¡¡ͬʱƬΣƲ䡣
ڣı򣬹򣬲ǵڶʿǿڣֻǣ翣ҪȴǺѺѣ
ҲΪεڶʿԭһЩʿ˵Ҳ˹ΪҲߣգȴҪֹͨǿԭΪǶڹֻǱ
Լ䣬һ˿ıԵ¶΢Ц˫һɢƲ㽥͸ʧӰ
ЦУһ䣬صɽ֮վϣյƲ㣬˿̣ˮ䣬ȴٽ֮ʱ̻˿˿ˮɢأЩ֡
һĻ֮ǰ̤նˮһģһֻǣγߵȴԵϡĺܣҲȶӣһɱء
ֻǣǴ˿ʶٴǣˮºȻһΪԪתɵͨ仯һ˹ı֡
һֹ֮⣬иıĿռ䣬ʹµɲǣлһͨ
ɵ۰׷ˣֳ̾ͨˮУͨΪɵ۰׷֮ͬʱȻȻȻģ˹
һ㣬ѰڶУܴﵽһЧģ΢΢
ƣͬҲˮֻۣ棬ûз磬޷γɣˮĴУֵģûи򣬶һֶڹ˽⣬ˣ֮£ˮǸм
û뵽˾ͽȻҲ˹򡭡и֣˾ͽϴӳֺƮˮ̧ͷ䣬һȣɢ
һɲǣյˮγɴƬѸɢյƲ㣬Ҳһ̱¶֮գ
Ǹʱֻо˾ͽϣһԵĳʹղˣǰȫ
ҲЩоˣϾʱ֣Ϊ̫ͣͲҲûǸʸ
ڻ룬˾ͽϵʱ˹ֳ̾˿̵ΪȴڻУ
ԭһУֳĬУ뵽ǧǰԼһεõӣʱϣƲ㣡
Ʋ㣬Ҫ֮еˮſʹƲӣ˿̻룬̻ȻʣЦ
ʵܶණһֱߣֻǣûдﵽǸΣͲᷢǿҲ
˿ֳ̣׵ס
û뵽һֱǧĽ죬ףУˮֵ֮Ĺ򡭡ⲿ֣ȴչֱ֡ڣҲδȫգֻüģ¶п
սµˮǰһӣɢ
һ֮£Ѹ˳ֱ۷ȥͬʱصˮһɲǣͻȻ̱֮дûͬпХֱӵȥ
⵹֮£ޱ޾Ʋ㣬̱УһֻںɨѸٺˣգ׵ɢ
أһգ
£ů֮ϣ͸ķ㣬ֲҶϣвˮν䡣
ߣһʺ¶һĻͬɾ
ķΧ£ϵޣ֮߳Ҳûֻǳյ
ֻ񣬴һĺХ֪ӺδɳȻǳõ꼾ûչᡣ
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ֻҪһڵˮɢأ֮
һӣɢʧȥӰһУعƽ
ͷͯһĻ˫ͫĬ֣Ϊη
׼Ӹ˫ۣ΢ɲһȴˣǹ֮һЩͨʿʩп
ĬУ֣ķڷһƬ
ɽһȴ޶ãʼձĿ
ϥڵϣɫƽ֮򣬽ΪȤͨɱ
˿̣뱱Ľ紦һõӰǿмۣӰ̫֮죬һ֮£ʧ
Ӱһǰ֮ʣǿг˴ƬĲƣⲨ֮䣬ЩõӰԽԽ졣
ŽʱֻǰһʿͷˣָʿСӣֱ˱ȥ˿̣ȻȫռݣָʿΪȷ棬ȻҪȥ
һ·Ϊʶɢκη紵ݶ֡
Щ֮ӰڿָʿԼϰʱ̵תֱǶ
ָǰУͻȻһľֵָͷʱʹȻ֮£ֹȴ˲ϢͿǰ֮Ӱ
һۿȥͫһһĴ̶ദһѶһûкˣһ̤ҪʩչͨɲǣֻǰЩ֮Ӱ̷ֳһ룬ָģ˲ָһȻֲԾʿȥ
ҽ֮صͨƬָ̺ʿһľţѸٺˣոճ˲䣬̴ĺɫӰֱ׷ϵڡ
ÿһӰڣָʿһɺ󣬴˽Ųһ٣˫Ŀ¶֮â˸£ָ
ͷ˿Լ壬ָʿ¶΢Ц壬ԣ
һʿ߳ÿһϣйЦݡ
ɵչ޼ƻҪʼˡ֮ҵȵ񣬲ֻľҪһвȫ֮У˷˺ɷħԪһΣ콫֪Ĵţôýģ


915 ʮ˵
ˮĴУɵ۰׷ͨ绽ɱɱǿ
ˮɱҲӰмӣ䵱ɽĴ֮ͨһ
ֶڴҲǼΪڴ˫Ŀаˮеɱϸ֮͵˫ۣӤȭͷСԪ֮Ѹٵת
תתأеԪ䣬ΨһڵģŨԪ
˿̵֣ȫ͸˿ɷǣˣ
ͷͯһеĹע˿̰̾һֱΪڻԪǵãûɳء
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ӡɲǣڵԪȻ˳˫ӡָУ̷ɫ䣬ֵǰһ˫Ѹٷɳǰڣת
ʼʱת֮ٲ죬ԪתԽԽ죬֮תγһ硣
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˵ֻǼ䣬֮ͨ£ȴǼΪʵǣӵһЩǰΪһɳΪ֮
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ܣһƬ
ֵԪ̫ӣһµ֮ͨڣ֮ʽתջΡ
Ƭ̼䣬ͨ˾ͷ֮ʣĿֵ̻ͷһǰȸǵĺɣ
ǿ꣬һ˶ͷǺˮʩչһԣӵһ꣬лذף⴦һꡣ
һѳͷݺݵؿͷϡ
һҽУĿһƻǷɳѸԪڡ
˲ɱΪΡֳУ̱оһɴ˺ԼԪתۼ䣬ǰһȴǳһٵ֮ϣһ꣬ʩչභģһӡ
ʱӲҺߣһ꣬ƽ˵Ǽī˵ӣҪ뿪
ӣǷɳԪڡ
ǰٱ䣬ȴһڵĶѨڣֿԼ֮ɳԪ
һĻĻ棬Թʬڣٵȡսٹħǧʬħɱ
ٻԹѪϴټѩ֮ս֮ɽһĻĻɱѩ棬ħ棬ȸ֮ȸĹֵһУַ¾һ
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ӡѾı䣬κνǱںһƬһɼǿϢȴǴںзй
ԹҪһ㡣
Ӿ˵ǣӡۣ֮£ӡָʮ˲㣡
ÿһڣŨԹڹӡ˸ԽԹԽŨ
⣬Ϊɱ֮磡
׷ս磬ˮлΪɱ¾磬ֵģԷӡΪʮ˲ֻؽ磡
ԷӡΪأԽΪӡԻȪΪֻأԹڣɾʮ˲
ʮ˲УԽ󣬿ɵĻǱԽǿ˿̣ʮ£ûκλǣڵʮĲڣȴһ꣡˻걻һƬѪʱ¶Ӱڣ͸ԹޣǱɱѪ棡
ʮ㣬ϰٸ屻ɱ֮꣬۲ɢĺзĴҪգȴǱ׵ķӡڡ
УǱɱҦˣҲ棬һЩбɱΪﵽʵϵ֮꣡
ɱһΪԵһɱ֮˻ǴֻسΪã
վӣеʮ˲üг֣ȴԪſڱһԪ
ھڣֱʮ˲ӡȥЩɱ֮ˣһٽʱȴǰǿա
ͬʱһĴᦷɳĿ¶⣬͸޾侲ԥһᦣ˷չڻǣӿ֡


916 ֱ
ڵĻ࣬˿̷ɳ֮ʣϵʮ˲ڣأʮ˲ӡԹŨĺХĴз̾ͻᱻŵĻʱ
ʿҲͬΪǣԹǱһɱˣȫ۶
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⣬ֵʮ˲ֻأվӣ˫Ŀ˸ʮ˲ӡͺȵ
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һĴжţԪһʬԹһǴ֮ǰΪ˱֮
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һӶʿ̤Ž⣬ǿУۣ
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ڶʿ̤Ž⣬ɱֱۣӳ˱
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ϰٸʿ㣬̾ͱ籩ֱɢԪҲԵ£
¡¡ľ쾪춯أǵıһŨѪ֮ȴһ飬оһʿΨԵ֮Ż˷һ
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Щѷֻ̫࣬Ƭ̣ͼɴƬ
ڣʿǱ籩̱˲ɢԪ
һ̣һˣУ
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ĴֱʣҲֻ˲ſʿҾͻȫڣ
ϧϵһ飬һΪ޵ľƻ
ıԽӵľңһſǵı޾ĳķ籩ɨأǿУƬƬѷ½֣ЩѷԽԽ࣬һƬ
¡¡ΪĩΧıǿѷ죬ڶʯŻԵϵ
򣬷תǬ٣һķ籩ںһȴγһɱʿӣֱӱ㱻籩
ǿѷ첻ϵ޾ĺ紵Ƿ籩ںϣȻγһ޴У֮ǿգ׵׵İЩ뱱ʿͨͨ
籩ɢ֮ʱ֮ӰûһŤг֣ڣ۵ʿһ˲̤
ɱһ춯صȻ䣬صǿգ
¶⣬뵽һУȴΩû뵽˾Ȼôٵγһ޷ĳ
ͬʱ˱ǽХУʿһ˲٣һ˫˫ѪĿ⣬һɹŨɷɨ֮ʣֱЩŵʿȥ
ǿУ˱ʿУ˲ƣȴһ۵ߣɱ볤Цһ̤
ӣþòɻǵϷɷħ𣡡
кŨɫȴûа⾪ıʶңƽĿڵǵļƻôܺãôڣҲǿʿͨ
̧֣һָգǿͻȻһһ޴ѷ죬ȻϢУ˺ѿѷ֮󣬷һ֣չء
ͬʱһӴѹ޾йʮ˸˳ɫʮѪ򣬻ؽ٣
˿ʩչٵĴֱʣûзҿһν棬˭ʤɱ켸ˣ˷Ҿɱ˼ˣ̸У͸ǿţ


917 췴
ʮ˸ʮѪ٣ǿжʱѹѹѹȣܵʿ˵ûκӰ죬ֻǵϣ̱кâ˸ӳ
Щɱʿȴһ
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Ϲڣ
Ϊʮ޸
޸Ϲʱɽȴһҹ֮䣬ɽʿȫѪһж
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⣬޸ԴڶϹʿˣо۲֮£˵ûвκԭ򣬵޸Ѫȴ򣬴˺󽥽޸Ѫͨ
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ڣ˿ʿЩʿһȫΪת֮£ǵУһ
һľľȴǳɣֽǧɣ
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һɰأľ걻ɵѰһֱղ˿֮սȴóΪǿĹֶΣ
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Ŀƽһ·֮ѾʿЩ˿ֺ󣬼̱ɫһ䣬Ȼǿһ˵Ϊ˵תӡ
ͬҲԳΪ㹻ڶĲߣԥֱ֮ɱЩˣ⣬ֱɱ
һ·ȥѪȵϢԽǰʿԽ࣬գǰߣǲࡣ
ϲûаɱ׼ɽǴͷͯӣ˾ɱһֱǰȥ
һ·ϣֿܣϤǿգȻʱХ˺ѷ϶һжˣ׵ķֻЩ϶ǰƱһƿԱ߻ȥ
̤ڶϵϹֿһĻȻ˫Ŀأǳ˹ļ󣬿˵ǽӴ򣬵ӴգȴԵգǾſûдﵽȴһϣһ˿Ϣ˵ϢǺܵܵ
ʱͻȻԶǿգһµŮӣ¶ɬ´½΢ʱɻɢʿۣһˣһӣһЦѸ׷
ֵʶһ۾ͿԶŮӡ


918 죨1
ӷҧ´һͬ򣬵֮ǰĴУ˱ǲ˼ĳ̵ȥ
ɢòסӣǰȴɱ¾
ͬģӷòҲʿע⣬ʱֱ׷
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ۿǽ뼲ۣҪӷģӷת˫֮Уǰ̱һӫͼֹǽ롣
̫֮ӫɲǣӷ̱оһɴѪ̵ˡ
ɫ԰ףûκѪɫ
ӴЦУѸٽֻǣ׼ץӷ˲䣬һΪͻȻصܡ
£
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ͬĴ͸ӣӵһɻԵɫ԰һѪ
ɼĵˣһ˲䣬ˣ޾Ŀ־壬̽û
ĸоԼӣ׵ĲԼٿأһɲǣһ־˳˫ڣĲٿԼӣڲϵ˺
Ҫ־㷴֮򣬾֮أ
ָоһǵһȻ֮£˲˵ˣȴ˰㷴
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ƬѪֻǿУʵ΢
ǵԪҲ˿Ӳ־߽ͬʱȫǲֻأļƮް㣬һڹ⣬ڣʮ˲ӡ
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ֻǣ޷ӿдӣڲϵĺУһˣ
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ָʿЦУһӣʱһɴãȻǰһеԪ֮ϣʱԪ̼ۺˣƶ£תۼ䣬Ҫʧǿյľͷ
һҪ֮ˣ˭Ҳɱ֮
ɫ糣һ̧ۣŲǰһ̤˽вƳ֣ȴɲǼ䣬ޡ
һĻһ̣˫Ŀͫ͵һ
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飡
ֿ£Ԫ̾ûκͣͣƻɳˣڿУɢˡ
¶⣬ֱĶ֣˫Ŀڹ֮âŨ̧֣һָԶǰһеӷ
Ӱɳֱӷȥ
ҪŮӣƫɹص֮£Ӱ˲ٽӷ
ӷɫ԰ף̺ˡ


919 죨2
ϴ΢Ц˫ĿеĹ۲ֵı顣ֻǣֵϣκϲŭʼգƽˮľٶûа㶯ݣֻԱĿ⣬죬һ̤
ͫһ˼̺ˡ
ӷԣ˸߳һȭȥʱӰ̱
ҪɱĳܣǰУƽ˵֮ʣ¶ɱһֱ̤ȥ
ЦУ˫һָգдӰûǰ֮£ȴ̻һѺɫĴ󸫣һסǰݺݵһף
񣡡ͺУǴֱ֡
̤֮ʣһȭ¡¡صأǴһ̱ȴ֮Ӱɢ˷۶ȥ
ɫ糣һָգʱ¡¡Ȼ䣬ӷԲǿбɲǼ۶
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¡ص֮£ǰУһ֮Ӱһһ
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920 죨3
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922 
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˿̣ǰľں˱ۣԽԽ
ľ֮ϵ֣ǰʱµĿ⣬˸
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923 Ͷ״
˱ֵİɫ򣬲δ׳ǺݺݵһֻһǻȻХƾճֱ֣ȥ
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ɽƬһת֮ȻӿʮֹһȻѼڡ
תγɵķ籩Хɫ˫һƣ̱дԪ۶Ҫɲǣһ߳ٽ֮ȫð棬һָ֮УƷ籩ܣһЩʹ籩һ
ڴ˿̣ԶǿУӴӣһַ˲ƵٶȣȻɴҡҷ֮£ʹ£Ϊ
صһʱ֮䣬ⱱս˫ʿͬʱ֣ɢǰһĻ
ɷħֻһۣͷƤ飬ЦѸٺˡͬ۾¶֮ɫ
һȫԪתͼΧԸ˫쿪Ԫ𺣣Χ
ԶǿУ֮ģǲľľ̫󣬺Х֮£ǰе˲䣬ı˷ֱӳֱΧļ죬ײ
ľδٽһ֮أ¡¡֮޾Ĵݿ٣ԽԽ죡
ͫһû취ʱ˿Σ֮£˫ǰ£ÿһµһɫг֣˲䣬ܣʮз󺣰տ֮ɫ
Щг̷ֺŴȴ˲ϢУ뼫ڣһʱһӿ֡
ʮȫ󣬼ˣɢĿ⣬⣬Ȼʮۣ⣬ǼĹ֮
ļޣһֻ۳ʮ⣬һֱΪտƾ֮ʮ⻯һԼΪͿͻơ
ڼʮֵɲǣľ٣
޷ľٽ֮ǲ棬ֻһ̣طֹһеһУȫʧΨһڵģֻľǺֱײ赲ǰƣ
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ľ٣ĳ֮·ҪǿͱһɲǼ䣬ٽΧת籩
ܼ򵥣ûκλΣκͨâûг֣ɾľֱײת֮еɽƬϡ
飡
һƬƬı˲ӣɲǣھľײ֮ļƬȫںУһһ
Ƭıһǵı鵹ȴȫ˱Χڵļϡ
޾ĳܷƶ
ϵҵ˸Ƭͬʱľֱײ˼ϡ
飡
һ⣬̱һ
ûнǾľײ˲䣬̱޾ĳɾľڣĳȥһˣϵس뼫ڡ
飡
ϵ⣬˲Ϣһһɲǣ߽⣡ӣԼƵĺˣٵĺˣ
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ͬʱǾľײһ̣ɱһȫۣżݺݵһ
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ϾǳϹ֣һɱ¾֮£ܴ˿ΣҪȴǲôף
Σ֮£Хһ¶ϣϽĲ⣬һ̣ȻԱ
¡¡ľ쾪춯أĲԱ֮£̱㱻˵ˣһͬģ깫棡
ӣҲһԥ̾кˣɱ⼫죬Ҳˣһڣȴǲ
ͨʿ𿪣ɫ԰ףһѪӽԱ֮Ѹٺˣӣ˳ϷĲΪˣڣ˺УһץԳһѷ죬˼ں˿̽ѷڣ᲻ʧڣǰһҪ̤롣
˿̣ͬվھľ֮ϣֻǰЩ룬ղŵĳҲͬܵ˿ԪȣѸٺ˵ļ죬ֿ˿ӣҧ֮£Ȼǰһ㣬ȣ


924 
һֶȴ˲Ϣ䣬ڵԪ˳ָ⣬ޣһεĶûʹòԪֻԪʩչ
УɲǼڼ̤ѷ˲Ϣϣ˿̵ļ죬һʱʮȫҪ뿪Ѱһˣڴ˵ؼɣ
һ֮ˣԱĲ⣬Ϊģǻȡһ˵صĻᣬҪΪȻڵ飬ӣ
ΪûдﵽȴԶԶڣˣӦǴﵽڶĴԲ
Ҫѷ죬һɲǣ̱ܵϲϸ˿ѷҽţɵ΢һ㣡
֮ǻƽʱͲҪ⣬һ֮£Щ뷢̱ƾ跴𣬾Ϳʩ
Σʱ̣ٶֻһĻӰȴǴ޷
ɫʱ䣬һ֮£ϲ˫Ŀ⣬ԥһ̤˲ٽ죬ֲ˼һĶ˼ϣѴѷںڼӱƳɲǣԶ£Ȼſڣݺݵǰһ̣
һ̫죬ڼ챻Ƴ˲Ϣ¾ɶŭУȴǱ£ȥ
ڶڼϵһ̣ӾѪƱһɴѸٺˡ
ȫԪ뼫Ϊ̫࣬˿̱֮ڴ죬ƬѪ
ǰˣУֲҺȵ֮ôҪӵǰԼ룡ӣǷԼһ飡
ͬʱҲԼһȫӻͶ״
һʵʵͶ״⹦ʲôʱ۷ʲô飬֣սУĿĹ
һ㣬˭Ҳ޷Ĩȥ˭Ҳǣպѣֲܣô췽ɼΪӵӰ죬˭ս֮ƴȫ
һУѾƺãԼΪϹԷ۷壬֮ɱԼ˿̶ԷˣҼĶʱԼĸţ㲻ɹҲᱻ
ʱǰѾû·Ҫһѣƴһ·˿̣־ƴһպ̹·
ʵȷûйȻ˹ڼϼ촦֮ʱˣȴֻˣ
ӳЦУһΣֱֶ˲䣬ٽֲϺ˵ԱߣһУֱֺ֮ϡ
ʱһ޷ӴԪȻڴУת֮£ȴֵԪƽơ
֮⣬ӿеӴԪնϣȫڡ
һֻ̣оȫԪԪ˫ۣϵգһǿĸоΪﵽ˿ڵ۷壬ֻ㹻ֱӳΪڵʿ
һΣӿ˵Ǻޱ͸һ޷컯
ڶʿ̫ѣ⾳֮⣬Ҫ㹻Ԫһ㣬Ҫ̫£
ããã֣֣Ц
ľ´󹦣⼫죬֮ףУУڵھλ⹦ͣϷסˣ򣬼סˣЦ͸һ˿ˬ죬⼫죬ǵ׷ɱĳ֮һ
תԵһĻʿһɫŹ֣깫棬ǿֵɫ˲ͬ
¶ֵͣ˵ͷ
깫һĮ˿ȴǶ¶һ˿΢Ц
ʿǺ꣬Ŀ⸴ӣģȴǣ޷¶£
ǹװˣֵĿ⣬һ˿Ȥò֮ˣ˿¶Ŀ⣬ȴǼΪǡ
ľս֮۹ͣϷ򲻵޻㣡һ֮д˱ڣ򣬳޼ˣ˿ӳЦУһֱ̤ǰɷħȥ
ɫƽԪת֮£̱ܵһǿղŵΪȴǶĶˣ
˿̲ľ¡䣬˱սĳʹʿˣǼ챻̵һĻеʿ𺳣ս̴Χ
¸УɨһʿǱ̾ͻҽӿήɡ
£̫ǿ
ɷħ𲻶ϵغˣ𶯣˿Ҳû˼սȥ˼ҪӶ֮ʱ
ͻȻԶıǿУһ˿ڲľХĳƺƵĴݿ
ֻǿУһŵǧɸ׶μ۶ÿһ׶θϣнʿվһŨɱ˺ѡ
ԶԶȥǿ飬Щ۶׶θϰ٣УĺХ
һɰѹǴԶѸ͵ĴֻϰٸܣȻĿӴǣ£ĸǧɾˣĿǣ̤
ĸǧɾˣÿһü֮ϣսӡǣǾħˣ
ĸǧɾħŵϣ˿̸Ưһˣǰ׷ԲԵߣԶԶȥһɷǣŭ
һˣһŮӣŮһˮȹ㷢磬д֮ϣһҶ̨һ˫Ŀɷǰ
һȺʿĳ֣ʿע⣬Щʿһ¶ϲ֮£۶
췽棬Ѫɽ棬վǿգĿȥ
Ӹһֺ֮ɨ֮£һƬǰֱۣǰȥͬʱ¸У޾졣
ڲľʿһһ𣬸ʩչͨһսսҪչ
ʱˮȹŮӣƽĿڵ
䶫ǰ
ԳڵɲǣȻ䣬һЦԶǿշĴֻһƬǿգӿ
ƲУվһˣ꣬һۣòòŭ˿֮ʱ޾к¡¡ص
ӣŴգɸ䶫һսԴмΪԵ֮ʣºǰֱӶȥ
ӼУû䶫ˣȻ뿪½֮ȴûС䶫͸ϢΪء
ҪսǱսӺУһ̤ڣʱ֮˵ǿգھҵķͨХ첻ϣ
£ˮȹŮӣƽĿڣܣϰٸ׶θʱ̶ХȴһٶͻȻ˰ٱ
һѰֱӳǰȥֱ£
ְвⳡս£촦ƣɫڲľȥ̣оһĿ⣬Լϡ
ˮȹŮӣһָӵңң֣


925 Ѫ
ĿһԶˮȹŮӶһۣջĿ⡣ŮӣִδûаϤĸоֻǣŮĿ⣬ȴЩɻ
²˼֮ʱֲɫ˺
ǰǿУϰ׶θ۶žҵĺХ֮Ҫ˺أֱ¶ȥ
һ׶θͷ·һѰ͸ǿգŭ쿪ǰЩ۶ĸƶȥ
˿̣һ׶θٶ죬ٽ̱֮㱻´ֲסֻǣ໥˲䣬Ǹһɫۣܡ
Ǹ֮ϵʿٽǰһϢ׷Ծ뿪
ţ׶θżХ֮¡¡о󲿷־Ǳ´ֲסԱɫۡ
ڷ֮УʣһЩ׶θȴٶȻٿֹɽֱӴ͸ɫĩǱܿµĳ֣žҵķֱӴ塣
飡
Уһ׶θ£̱Ӽⲿһϸܵѷӣתۼ䣬ȫѷ죬ʱĩ߽⡣
飬ϵؾص䣬ЩûбֲƵĸ˿ȫײϣĩ
һУµϣ񣬴ֺɨ̱һЩʿ㲻׷ױ꼰
⣡ˮȹŮӣᣬȴǿ
ɲǼ䣬кɫĩɢ֮â˴ɢУγһΣ°档ڸдƬѪһ̣򶫡ϡڣѡȡĽٸϣչΪĵһĻ
һϣеʿԱһͷͷ޴ӸԵϢ֮رץȫڴǴ½֮һΪӴڡ
󷨳ԲΣǷԲڣһͷͷ鲻
⣬ƯŴʿڵȴһ췢ߣȻ֮˾ΪĻơڱսˮȹŮɲǣƿԴ͸ԼңԶǿգһͨʽԶ֪֮
˲䣬Ǻ췢˫Ŀһһӣ
һ֮ʣʱʿ̼Ϊ룬ԥչͨ뷨ŵڵ޹ȥ
֮صڣһƬѪȻתѪҺǣֱӱ֮Ѫȫһɶ
ͬһĻٸڣͬʱݣ
⣬ڣʮ֮һİѪ
ǽٸһĲټɣ˿̣ϰڰ޵˱ǴƬĺɫĩһɲǣɢΪŨѪ֮
Ѫ̫֮Ũ֮£֮
ѪУЩɫķĩȻ䶯˲䣬һһ̣תУֻӴӣȻͱһƬɫķ״֮ﳹ׵׵ķ
⣬ɫķị̃ȴǳΪһ޴Բ򣬰ڣֻƵϵĴصǿա
˿̣Щ׶θǰԾµʿŸԷֱͨ
һĻʿΪ֮𺳣깫໥̴ۣӲľϷһӣʱǰдԪۣȴ̻ϰС죡
깫ˣ췽ԮУǹ︴յ⣬ߣ빫︴ǰָȨݽ깫档
棬ӣǱһΪҪʹ
ץһ֣һ˦кȵʮɷɣʿһ֮ˣ
ܵʿУ̷ɳʮˣЩˣһɵеɷ˵ûȫڴˣһȻץС죬ŸʿǰȥЩӸǰԾµʿչս
һʱ֮䣬¡¡ľ޾֮֮ͨǿзĻص𲻶Уɱ¾
깫ͬץʮС죬˦֮ʣʮƿ֮⣡˵ţһ֮£ֱסµķӡȥмʮʿ̸棬ͬģЩ˺棬ʿСӣ׷һͬȥͷͯӣȻҲС
ľΪϷ򻤷ĿԼǹװˡ߻ǰһɨֱϥ˾ľϡ
ľһ𣬾ȻӲͣǿգûмǰȥº˫һüģɲǼ䣬ü֮Ԫ˸ӵԪ⣬սȻҲûܡ
ӵԪһսһ㣬¡¡
֮£ʱǿ϶˵ʮ߸Ѫɫ޸̱һһȻڣȴһѪɫӰ̤
ѪɫӰȫһѪˣֺ̱һֱսȥ˿̣ѪӵҲûţɷħ˺ɨ֮£Ѫӵ˽սǿУٳս˴˶ѽѷ֣
Ѫȥ֮ȻѪɷħս֮أļ룬ɷħ̱Ǳڽںˡ
Ԫһϥָһ˽ս˵ΪȲӵˣѪӶ磬ãȴǼ
ʮ޸˵ս֮죬ȴֻսңſӵвٿصͨͨ޷ˣսңҲΨвļˣſʩչ
ͨսڵĸһ˿С
˵ӣʵϣȴڣϵء
ս֮ˣ޸Ѫ򣡡
ֻ֮£׼˽սǰϦȴǱƣӡ빫︴ӵȼϹԾһΣ޸ѪӲٿأ
Ԫлָȴǲ˼ٴεһս
սڣ̱㻯һɲ˼Ĳɨǿգֻʣʮ޸ѪУһһѪۣٴλһѪˣ
Ѫһ춯صУһ֮£ֱ깫·ӡս֮ȥ
ʿУˮȹŮӣüһ壬ǰһ㣬Ա߱һǧɾħˣ̤ȥŵǣǺֻܴǵİٷ֮һСˣħȣʵ΢Ǿħȴǲ죬֮ʣǰݺһʱǣֱӺȻȥǿеʣʮѪ޸ٽ
ϣƮһߣ˫ĿһǣɿٽʮѪ޸
ֻʮ޸̺ѹ֮ԽǽӽԽǿɫأѸٵĽӽ
ǾħˣǺУֱľϵӳȥ
ԪϥƯ˿͵˫ۣѸٺȵ޺飬죬ȥػ޸


926 ǧɾħԱ
һǺ꣬˵һ֮£ֱ޸ȥ޸֮ʿӰ켫󣬿ɶ˵ȴǲûκӰ죬˿̳ȥչͨػ
Ӹҧ֮£սһ㣬룬ʱʮ޸ѪһѪֱٵӭս
˿̣ǿǧɾħˣŴ󲽺¡һ·ϷʿǵԼֱôץţ飬ֱ¡
ǧɾħˣȻʵ۷Ϊֻǣʵ̫ǿһյԪȻҲѰʿ̫౶˵Ϊֻʵ۷壬ʵȴѰĿʿһս
ǿȣǾ󲿷ֵķȻ壬˿ֱ̺ľϵӣûһƬǣڸһɷ̺
ҪԱֶߣһΪǹװˣѸٽǧɾˣ
ֵ˵ͷһӵԪԪȻڻָһεĻûѪͨ˿ȴǲܱš
ֲŲţûкֻ֣ǣȴ̽ʱǧɾħԽԽĿһƽ˵
˵ţǰһֱӭǼٽǧɾˡ
װԼһЦܴ˿̴սŮȻΪݣһ˿ڶ󣬶ЦҪСġ
̤ľ߳ľķΧ̱Ǻ¡Լɱǧɾħ˵ٽŭֱ֮ͬӳ
ħˣŴ󲽣ԽԽ죬һɻķϢϸŨ˲Ϣ䣬ٽȭȻǰһдˣ
һȭ٣ľ޷Хֱɨȫֻǣȭǿȴ޷˺벽ɫ䣬˼ͬһȭ
һĻΪ죬ǧɾ˵ȭͷӴޱȣǰϰ΢ȭͷȣǿԺԲơ
ڶ˫ȭٽӽɲǣһɺ¡¡ľȴ̻صԽԽߣԽԽңһ죬Ϊ˫ȭһɲ̵棡
˵ȭͷԽԽǺ¡¡ĺХȡһŨ£ܾϽ˫ʿֻо˫صϡ
ʱ䣬һӻ˵ȭͷԽԽֻƬ̣Ȼһһ˲䣬֮ȵض
̫ңʿ𶯣һεľˣƶȥ
ʿڽսбϣ̺ˣһ¶뿴ǧɾ˽ս֮
ǧɾӾֻоһ޷ĴӶԷ΢Сȭͷ糱ˮĴݶȻһѪȭ֮֮ĻصֻɲǣȭһƬѪ⵹
ҺУǧɾ˵ӣ޷δĴȻıˣ󼲳ۡ
ϵıδֵֹͣĹ֮£Ǿħ֮ˣҲ޷ܣұ۱ӣ˿Ҳٵ߽⡣
ħзŨУ̴ԵϢˣȴɲǼ䣬Ա
ʵ۷Ա֮ǿǴԾħԱ֣ҲҪüͷ
ɫк󣬵˫ĿȴǸӱ䣬ӲļһѪʹ˲ɺһָأкȵ磡
һʱһɺڷƾճ֣ɨ֮£޾ڷХڸͷֱǾ˶ȥǾϵУɢԴ֮硣
֮ǿȥĳӲǰǧɾ˵ӣϵƶתۼ䣬˳ԶǺХ䣬ȻǾħľˣԱ޵
䣡
һ֮ǧɾħԱˣ޾ĳɨʿע⣬һЩеϹ֣Ҳɵÿһۡ
ɫв԰ף֮£˻صľ֮ϣֳһ˵ӣʵϣɱһħǧɾˣ˹֮˵ûѶȣ
ľ֮ϣǹװЦѵͨСŮ˲ķ˾ȡ
Ԫ˿˫ۣ¶ͣ˵ͷû˵һָߵڶս̰͸ڡ
ɲǼ䣬ֻʮĸ޸Ѫڣʱһٵȴûб£۳һɫѪˣһȫѪҺҪתͨһֱ̤ٽһѪԼ˽ս߶ȥ
ԶˮȹŮӣüͷԽԽǰһָǧɾˣǰȻ̤ȥһˣֱϷ޸
һˣֱӳľħ֮ʣϵߣ̷˫֮£һ
ʱħ˶֮ǣʱתɢһɲܣ߸ǿд˲ϢУ˫ǰһƣͺȵǲ
һԶת֮ٸ죬ֻǴתУȴȻСɲǼ䣬㼱ԭһҡ
ͬʱһɳɫĲƣͻȻ֮ɢһָ֮£һ޷ٶȣֱǰȥ
첨ٶ̫죬֮ʱһЩʿһӲɲǼ䣬ȫһУȫ
ⲨƳֱľھľɫһ䣬Ҳ˫Ŀ⣬ȵḷ̌ɢΪսĪҪػϷ򣡡
ͲӷԸ˵ͬʱ̼ۣѸȥֱӴ͸ľ㣬һ˲ƣԶԶ뿪˵ء
ǹװҲˣ뿪
ڶ뿪ɲǣ첨ٽԪһӡȻһɲǣԪȫľ֮ڣʧ
ǳ첨ڲľϣŴľɨȥ
֮ʣԶԶܿ첨ƣֻܣȫս֮һ̱ʿһɨ
к˸δ㣬Ƿɽϣһ춯𿪺һָ
һָ̺Ԫй֮ڣֱӰ͵Ϯ֮˵ؿڣ¶ȻҪˣӱȻըѪ⣬ƬѪԪžҪӶݣȴǱԶһʿһץţֱ顣
ʿһɱһۣ촽ɳƵ˵ľҪҪٱһΣ˭ɱĶ࣡
ʿǸƷ
ɫ糣ƽ˵Ҫȣһȣ˭ɱ˴Ů˵ţһָԶˮȹŮӣ
һɫ粻ҧ˵ãͱһͬɱȥ˭ܳɹ
ŮȻݼ֮ˣȻҲⳡսֻǴŮΪȴҲֻǿڵӡ


927 ʶ
ĿһЦȴһǰ̤ȥֱԶˮȹŮڡɫ̤ͬһ˺ǰǰ㼲ۡ
ʿ̫࣬˴ɱ֮£ַͨɽǷХ֮ΪѪ֮ʣΪʿһһٶ΢
ǧ޵˼һûеƣûһʩչӵַٶȲ֮½ˮȹŮԽԽ
ս֮УˮȹŮĿ峺̾ͿľٶɫƽȥԱĿⶢ֡
֮ԽԽ죬ʿ֮䣬ѸٽƬ̺ȻŮӲɣһЦУȭǰݺݵһ
һȭգ̱кصǴ𿪣һɷ籩ƾն𣬺ХֱˮȹŮӶȥ
Ӱûаͣ٣˽籩֮󣬺ٽ
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ǰֲϵؽӽˮȹŮӣЦŨ
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Ůкһ֪¾ħˣ赲סˣĵȴûаңƽ·һ
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ֵĽǿգ֮У̳˴Ƭѷ죬ӣѹ£һҪˣѹǿѷڣ


928 нʬ
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ڱ˲ϢһֲڵĹָǱУֱ


929 ֮
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ڿƬɨ̺˼ǿĳǰ֮ʣ̱һЩʿ㲻ײϣѪԪҲ޷ѡ
мˣǺڿƬĶ֮ɨӱ㱻и룬Ѫġ
һУʹɲǵһĿⶼһ˲䣬˴˵أⰲУĺڿڣȴһԶʱڵ

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һָͨԱ޷ĳ̶ȣԲǿգһ˲䣬˺һ޴Ŀӣҽ֮ȴдʿֱӱǿ֮ڣתۼʧӰ
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ȷ֮˫Ŀ˸ģŮʬԶһİľ


930 ˳
ȱһʣ׼Ϊ֣ڹһָԱǰһϢͼٺˣʩչ˹󶦵ͨһܵĲ࣬˿ԶԼԼŮʬȴ˫Ŀһ
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ƽվգŽӴУ޾죬ȴڻ̱ûа
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ⳡսǲټһЩһЩ˵ʥڣѾ̫̫ãҲҪ˱֮ʱ

ǿڣǬһƬޱ޼ʵĺڰ磬ûκιûκϢԪ㲻档
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˵أǿѵ֮磬û֪Ϊλ֣޾ǿձһɴôɴµ޾ڰ
ҲдͨʿҪ̽Ѱ޵ĸԴֻǣȴûһˣ޵İء
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936 
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֪ڣǹ֮˿棬ûˮһľӵټһɽ˼ֱжȥ


937 Ϊ
ҪЩϹԪĸ죡ҲΪԼһ·ٿǷɽͬʱͷһ
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939 
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940 
ֵһǲУֱֶȥۿҪֿУһɲǣ֮ȻȴһɼǿĹϢڱ
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941 巨
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946 ͯңָӻ
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ڵ㣬Ҳˡˮǰһߡ
̾ˮϲһŨѪ֮ԼиǶٿˮΪ֮ǰȻ߳ﲻֹ
;̸֣ɱЩصʿˮ˵ĺܼ򵥣ȴɱ¾ԲС
ʵҲȷˣɱ磬Ʒľһֱ׷ɱϣֽޣҲʼǻܣֻȴɢǷֳֶ֮
ֻɱ겻ȴǱˮɷײһ֣һɱ¾֮УһʿȫͷߣҲͬˮɡ
һĴ˵Ԫɳһ֮£ˮ
ˮӹ˼ԪһԪתֻƬ̣˾ʹӻѣҽлصȫ鴤ϡ
ˮɫ˫ۣ֮˫Ŀһ˪һ˦֮У˵Ԫ֡
û˵ӹԪ񣬴˵Ԫ񣬴˿ȻǾʧ׵ıһװԪ֮
ˣ챦ʦܣȴ˽ֻ˵ҲãʿҲգп磬в䣬⣬ֻܳΪǿߡ
ְԪ봢ˮ˿ˮָƽĿȴ͸һ˿ԪУҵһ˿
ľҪȥɱȡһԸͬУˮ֣˵
һ˵ʦֿɷʮ죿
ˮͷãʮȥѰ㣡˵ţˮٷϻһ̤ޣתʧӰʧ˲䣬һɷһţ
ְ֪̾ˮȻ˵ԪڷʲôĬƬ̺תǰȥ²ƻصʧ
֮˵ʮʱ䣬Ϊ飡
򱱲һǣǴڱԶ˶ǰսδܵԶԶȥΪ㣬ϳ˰Ȼ⣬ȴһű޾ɭְΧǡ
⣬һ߼ǣ
ڴ֮⣬С͵ǻƣΪǴڡ
߼ǣһ֣¡
ϣ󲿷ֶǱɭָǣڶķ˴䣬ɢɢɽУвɴ䡣
ϲһɽɽ˳֮Ϊɽɽܸߣɽ¿ȥֻܿƣ֪ɽǷ
һʯСɽѶ£о󲿷ֶУȥʱһƮɾ֮вɵû
ÿ峿ɽϴصܡֻķ񣬻ڵ㣬дɽǻʱ˻
һĻĻоΪţͬԴһ㡣
ˡˡˡɽƿɽƮʹ֮ˣƽ
ɽ£һ˵Ĵ䣬䲻ֻвٻ˼ңϳӻһƮܡ
㣬Ʈҡ֮ļ䡣
ҹȥ峿ʱӶԼȮ֮
Ʈݣ峿һ˿ĺɫԶԶȥһһĻ棬ȴ̺һ⾳
ĬĬվԶǰĴ䡣
˴̵ӳģǶģڵĴԼҡҷֹģһŰݣһһԺŵ˼뷱æǶ뾲ôʱʱһϣֵģһϤİĻ䡣
ģǰ䣬ȸͯꡣ
УͯҥӲԶ֮Ļص峿ڡ
ӻ׻ŮĪѵʿҡǰɸɽһʬǺŮˣȴѹײĵԼҡӻ׻ͯĪҪңҵ꼸ûеԵѽһУèһץŵõʿϼҡ
۵ֶͯУԽԽȴһСͯŲСӣһͷţϣ˳С·Ŵȥ
ţϣ˩Ȧ滹ߣϣǻţ󣬻żͷСţ
С֣ͯȴͯҥ߽ٽߣСͯԴ۾գգ󲮣·
¶΢Ц˵ͷ˵ʲôط
СͯЦһָǰ۵ͯӻѽ˵ţڻţϣŴȥԶԶ뿪ˣֻͯҥڻص
ֳ̾ͯҥȴһ˿˵ıǣɽ´䡭ˡ
ֵĶУϡصˣ֮ʵ˼ĺ
ҵĹǻҴİǣһɽɽҼǵдׯҵĹǻң


947 ʸ
ӻ⣬һƬľ֮Уһͷ¼ŵĴ䣬ֵӰǰһͷĬã´
һСƿУŴƿ̾૵̩ҶԹˣŵǻһص磬գĳˡ
˵ţСƿԶɳڲԶһƬյأںȴһѻ
һӣ˫ָտ̻󾧹˸£ֻһĹ˷ͷ֮ϣɷдżС֡
̩֮Ĺ
ҵ޵֮ˣתۼǧţһȴʣ޼㻹УҲԶѪ֮Сһ̤޵֮·Ī⣬һע
·ͷʱȴǿʱĵƻ𣬶ǰͬ
ֳ̩̾ķͷ¶п
գ磬Ϊ͹ǻһؼҡһ֪ɷˣֻܰǻңͻȸֳĬתȥ
⣬ֵĽŲûͣ٣ǰнʧԶֻǶߵͯҥȴʼƣļþòɢ
ӻ׻
޵޵֮ɡ̤;ȴ֪̤;֮ж٣Ľƽһ
ж٣̩һ磬ǻţҲؼҵķ򡭡жٸĸˣһֱ֮ʣԼĺӻֻǲ֪ѡܴͷ޵֮Ƿ񻹻һһ
ͯҥǶٱ˵ͯӿг޵֮ȴ֮ᡭͯҥ֣Ӧǡ޵
ؼֵӰޣʧˡֻͯҥǸпȴС
ǿ£һһǰϣźŨĸпоʱݣɴȴǻ֮ȥ
뱱֮䣬ȻΪʿĻأǰӽս֮һǴڣڵ֮ս±滹˵Ȼ࣬˵ȴû̫⡣
ϥڴһɽ֮ϣߣһ꣬һ˿˵ͬϥĿȴǿԶڵȴʲô
ڴˣϳǳսЩ
ӵգʮƯŵѪʮѪǵʣ޸
ϣʿֻ࣬ˣΪ֮Ϊʮ޸Ѫ򣬿ԳΪϷٹǰأ
ʶʮѪ֮£ʹʶ޷ıһԲǿ£һжӲ
ֵӰ߳⣬ѰӶ飬մ޻֮ǰһУߣӡ
ڣɽϥӣ˫ۣ˫ĿɲǣʮѪһȴʮֻɫ۾ʮѪͬʱ֡
ȫһһɰѹ۶γһɿǿݵ֮ͨ
¶һ˿΢Ц˵ˡΪȻҲһЩ仯ȴδ׷ƣϾӣģ͸
кһк¶ɱǽ¶ȫε֡
ʮֻѪĿ֮Ӱ֣ɫ糣ǿѹܲһ㣬ǿһɱӱȭľǰ
һӣʮѪѪһ׷䣬֮ʧɫʼնûκα仯ǰһվɽ֮ϣȴλԡ
ľ㡭ͺȣ
룡ĿһۣһۣȴǷֱӴ˫Ŀֻок¡һȴɫ䣬֮¾ȻȫƸղֵһ仰̺־ȫѪҺת˵ԪҪһ㡣
񡭡
һ˲䣬һֻԼڷļ٣Ǻˮֹס¡
ղŵ֣ȻһֺԼ峤һ㣬㷴ӣ־ģһڣһֱ֮ҪŨǿϢӲ֮£ͬվһ˽£˵һԸڣԪԼȫͳͳ
һѪ¶ȻӲ˼̺ˣ֣һƬհףȴ벻ףΪλ
б⣬һֵĿ⣬¶ء
ֲȥӱȭƽ˵֪ǰ֮ǰˣкηԸֵƽȴǸΪֵĿ⣬֮ǰΪͬҲֿѰһ㡣
ҪЧɽ𻢣Ĵβ֪Ϊ£꣬û̸֮ʸ񣬵£ˣ
շ֮ʱϷ㿴սսŵ㣬㿴ڶհΪˣһһۿ˵ţ̧һץǰڵһȴһѷƾճ֡
һâѷֻһźɫĻᱻڹڷ֮ϣƯһ
⣬սսеĵڶǰһͣĿ棬֣һ˿ڴ
ץսᣬδ򿪣΢΢һЦ̧ͷӣǰڶͼܰ׿ģ
֣ȴǻصղֵһͺȣƬ̺һЦͷãľеʶҪʲô˵
һָʮƮŵѪ޸ƽ˵ڶͼҪһ޸
ӳĬ¶ЦЦ֮ɫ˵⣬ӵеķô
΢΢һЦδش⣬ƽ˵֮ǰʦԼպѰһͬȥһ
ĿһۣһЦ˵㣡˵ţ̧һץһѪ£ѸջȭͷСһ˧Ʈ֡
ֽץס鿴֮봢ڡ
ڣԿˣӳ
ȻƷ׼һⳡ컯ȿΪãϾһͼҲпġлһ˦
˿δָʶץסᣬһѴ򿪣⻭򿪵ɲǣһͬǻͻȻ
ȴһŨ֮ʵս⣬ȿն£
һֻоǻڷӡһͷԶޣ˿̽⿪˷ӡɢ棬̺ŭһ˲䣬ȫйҪԼһ
ɫ¶һ˿΢ɲĽţΪֽͣʵǺ֪ԼļУжʺ֮Բ鿴һͼȴڿڶͼʱδȫ򿪣㱻޷սֱӳ
˲зϣߡ


948 սͼ
֪һУΪУܵļޣ
ֻвļˣſ԰ѵڶͼ򿪣ˣЩ˵ڶͼ֮ˣҲֻǰ⻭Щȫߣô꣬УڣΨˣ
ֻˣܰڶͼȫ׵Ĵ򿪣
ɫ԰ףӲ֮ڳĺˮ˫ĿֱǰȻһ˿Ļᡣ
˿̵ĸоǹӴһ˿϶ĻڷĳҪԼһ㣬ָоܣ·ؿڱһҪȴκϢ
߷Զŵŭ𣬿棬žž֮һͷɢƮ
㱼Ƴ˻þԼǴеһҶۣӿĲ
ϾǶݺ֮ɳأȥ⾳һԪǷϹɽʱڣˣ
˿оһ֮УӲѹĵ׵ľսȫ񣬶Żᣬ˫ֲ⻺ش򿪡
һĻĿһ¶ͣİһĻֻϢʿߣڶͼԴĳңǲ֪ܴ򿪶١
ɫʼ糣
˫ֲԽӾңеĻÿһ˿ǳͻִ߳·ԼյģһͷԶޣԼ˿ҪӡԶ޷ųԼһ
ʱĹȥУչԽԽ࣬˿Ѿˮʪɫ԰Уڶս򿪵Ĳң˿̣ǻɢս⣬ѾΪŨ
籩ƾճֺɨУк¡¡ľصڹԻڷ˸ʹֺڹڡ
ȴһɲ˿ҧ֮ŭһȴǰȫԪ֮ȫת˫ֺݺݵһһȴǰǻֱӴ߳ɣ
͵վӣбľϲ
ڻ߳ɵɲǣһ޺εضȴǴǻڣȻӿִĺһͷޣһɶȥ
ͦס¶ڴ
һΣǾɵɲǣһѪӵ֮дƬѪ
ЦУһʮ⡣
սֻᣬ£Ưڰһ֮ǰһĻδһ㡣
Ӱܴ̾߳ɣ˵޷ֿս飬Դսֵڶ֮УѾǼΪˡ
һӣǻֱֶȥɫ˵ľˣ
ɫ糣һץסᣬһۣԷ׷ǹʣ֮ǰ²⣬ԼڶǼ򵥣˿̿ңȻΪȷ
ҪǣָղĲϵ꿴˵һսõһ˿ԴǾɶȥɲǣȴǱߡ
սҲȤ¶һ˿΢Цս˫Ȼһ
һսȻ䱻ִһ˿ԶֱֶƺҪɡ
Ӷ֣ʵ϶֣ӳʼʱ˵أĳ̶ȴ̫ߣ֣ǵһս֮ˡ
ֻǣôдߣҲǴ˴ѣȫߣûУ
ղŵһĻĻȴӶָйתԼܽˮ֮ѹԼһ˵򵥣Умˣܹʱץ˾ȷҪǣ磬мˣԼǰô
ڴֵı֡
Զɫûκα仯ν棬ȲԼ֮ͬһͷСվԼǰκУһ
ƽУֻ򿪻ᣬŴ򿪣ԽԽǿŭǷĴֺɨֻ磬ȴɨֵӡ
ͫһ¶Ķ֡
˿ʮȫԪ˴룬֣¶޾ĺ븴ӡ
ֵĶ죬⻭ɺһȴǲ˷ʱ䣬˫һһ£ȻֱӴ߳ɣ
һɲǣ֮ǰľޣһ춯صŭлûɶ
¶⣬ǳԼľޣеͺȣ󣬶ң
һͺȣͬ׿죬¡¡صǣֽµɽ壬죬Ȼ̮ļ󣬸ܴأ˲Ϣ䣬ͬƬѷ칵֡
ͨʿֻǼǿ˿̣һͷԶ飬ȴǸ޷ִ˿ǹ
ңѰ񣬶񣡣
һͺ£Ǿ޶ʱһֵӾȻĿ¶һ˿־뾪ȴǵбһ仰ŵػڡ
ڸղŵ˲Ϣ䣬ĸܵһɿԼϢǰʿϱϢƾõļмΪǵĴڣ
ⲻ˼һĻ˫ۣΪ˿Ҳɵһ̣еĿϲȴǾ
ľȻη壡һߣսΨսҰһˣӻȻһУֱ֡
սȭͷֻе𺳣ȴŨ
ֲ˼ڵͺȺ˫һȴǰ⻭ᣬȫȫ׵׵ȫչ
ϣһսɷ裬ҪӻĻ͸һ㣬Ϊˣ
һɲɣսȴɲǼ䣬ֵ˫ĿͫУȻһսֵӰ˸һ˲䣬кȻһȴ˳뵽һ⾳֮С
Ƭ޾ǿգµߣֻ˿̵ߣȴϥ˫ָնȴǲϵдս֮һ֣
Ϸǰﵽ֮磬˽磬һκδ£ޣȫһս֮ϡ˿̣ڽҪȥ֮ǰδʧźսȫãϷˣ
УȻһ٣ȴгǧսִСͬܣһָ䣬սͻȻɢŨâȴתۼ۶ȥָǰγһ֣
սƽһֳڣսֶʱһ𣬻һâޡ
һĿͫڵսֵӰʧѹ
ôǰ¶
ֳĬƬ̣˵ͷҪ˵ȴӴһ˦ʮ̿ɨȴתۼ䱻׳⡣
ڣң㿴ʲôѹļʵ
Уֻ˵
УȻǴУʧ٣Ȼ⴫мĹɫãȻз֪˵ǷʵڣȴûбҪˣ˵ж֣֤һС
սҰڿڶͼҲ˵ƵĻ


949 ڤ·
սҰڶĲ֮ڴ˵ͼֻǣͼǹŹ֣ǵͼչأǧδ֡ǧһգȴǱ˷֣Ǳչֻ֮еսͼһö򣬶Ӱ
ʧ٣浱ΪɵҲ˿սңϹ壬Ҳһˣڣսҫڣ
һУʧ٣ȫıˡ޲ҪҵĴ㣬ûĻ֮ϵӦûѣ
ͷתսܿڶͼߣˣɵͼȴûһ˿Դ򿪡
һ㣬δκ˵ǼеСҲ֪ΪԼеĳϣԲͼ
սңҲͬΪ
ĿЦ֪аԼڵˣԲڶͼ򣬵Ҳͽ˶ѣǰľǰڣȴûһ˿
Ϊ޹أҲ޹أ嵽ʲôԭʹȻһĥ͸
ľ㿴ͼҪϷ򸶳ʲôĴۣ˵ӳĬã֣˵
ʵϻ˽ĵģѰ⣬ҪǣսҰʧʱµöУ˵һ仰
ս˿ԻǴУλ۷壡
ֳĬ֮ҡͷڵΪӦû򲻿ͼղŷڶսһɱԴ֮ӿ֣üĵĿڡ
Ϊ޹أԣκҪӶᾡ㣡üһģ֮ɢŨâȴһĻƮ
⻭ᣬǵս
ץŵս֡
ֽסϵɲǣ̱ܵһԼ𶯵Ϣ͸Ϣ֮ڶͼҪǿ̫̫ࡣ
ܴ򿪴˻ᣡü̾⻭ϸܵһɾ˵ΣָоðȻ򿪴ͼһ˿ԼҲܲס
ǰ˻ᣬѰ·Ĵ֮󣬶֮ӣһףͼͻء
ɫһ
ǰģҲ뿴սһΪ㹻ԻѰǰһֻһϢǰҪѰˡ
˺󼸲ƽ˵϶ӲԼ֣ȻǴĺ޹˼ɳ֣Ҳǰ׼򲻹ӣǿˮ١
Ӷ֣ͷתȻ֪ͼΣգκһͼͼ֮ˣȫʱҲ˿Ҵ򿪲鿴
ľΪ˴󹦣ǿнˣߴĿ˵ͼҲ档
˵Ӳ⣬϶Ӻ֮£ΪһСԼս֮ʽ
ȴˮ
ˮһӣѱڴŭ֮׷ľ֮£
ˮΪľѪӽսڷ֮ʱɱɵ֮ˣľ£ǻǻɫһ˼ɣľƺҲԼô¡
Ϸֻľһ˿Կ⾳ȥѰң֪¡ʾãһлᣡӳУһЦ¶ͣͷ
ã꣬ƷɣľսҸǲӤ֮ȴҲй̱֮պѰϷͼʱϷԿ˷ȫ֮Ӧһ飬κɣֻҪս
ӿν˺ܴıǮ¶млǰǰľǣ
ӺЦͷ˵ˣˮԼȥ
ֱȭǣӺ˼һ˲ֱԶԶʧˡ
ȥɫﲻΪСִΩˮˮȴҲ˶ˡˮľϷӵĵ
ֳǺɫͬ۶ߡ֮ǰٻҪǲ˵أ̾ͻˣȻҪպΣͲܲںӵٻ
ʱ˲δ˺棬ʵûвĵ
ȻҪȥһˣֵĻȻҲûκ׼ˮＴʹûʮ֮ԼҲѰˮ
ңַӣԼȫʵҲȷ֤ķΪȷвԴ֮һ˿սһ޸Ѫ
ӣպ鷳ڶӱϾϹ֮һ
У˼ղŵһĻĻɫƽЦһ֮ʧǿ֮С
ѰҵһƯǿеľ޴ʯ飬ϥϣˮٽպǰƻصˮһ߳
һ֣̾ŨѪ֮ɢˮһſ͸ͷ­һһƮϰ١
˫ۣ漴ЦˮΪ֮ʮǰҪ߳һЩȻձɵʿ
ЩˣӰɱʿҪȥɱ磬Щͷˮ˵ţһӣЩͷƮǰһΡ
ڤˮ˫Ԫתǰһָֻһȴһͷ­ȻƬѪУ֮ϣȴתУϰͷȫ
ŨѪܣˮֻ£ȴתת֮ԽԽ죬ϻϰʿлĲҽиǻص
ڤ·ˮɲǣϰٲл֮Ϊңȴһ֮£ۣγһͬڶ֮
влйɱ֮˼ȫһ𣬾γһָ֮·ϰʿɱͷָͨ
⣬ڤ·
ϰʿָ֮γɵкڶ֮ת޾죬ɲǣͷƿգǺڶ֮ڣȻһƬɫ磡
һ󽣴֮еĽһɱ¾֮Ǵɢ
֮һ߲֮ǧɣһɫܵĽӡ
ɱ磡
ΪʵãΪϲˮɱһóһö¿ھ׸֣˼һ̤ڡֿЦӹ򣬰ˮϲģֱɱԷŵĿ뷽㡣
ͬһΣˮһǰһУ
ɱڣһ޴Ȼ֣ȴ˴˵ʿע⣬ɲǼ䣬ȴһ
ɽˮգȡ˽磡
˲䣬̻һɱ¾籩εضγһɱֱӺɨɱ磡
飡
ɲǼ䣬ͽһһԱ
ɱ絽ײˮʦʲôȻڳȡ˼ŭ𣡡һ̤У˫Ŀ䣬˰˽еɱ磡


950 ɱ
˷磬ɱ磬أǰɱһνһ֮ɽʱµѷռΪأǲɼ¾˾ʮŰ֮
ʮŰ֮Դ֮󣬱ΪɱڼΪصĽ
УɱպգΪսʥ֮Ǻڵʬ֮䣬Լ͸ɱӰӡ
ǣ֪ɱ߲࣬һȼﵽ߼ɱ缸׹
߼ǣΪﵽһ̶ȣ겻Уɴ˶һϵ飬ɱȫȨһδѪȷУ˾棡
ȻҲвʿɱɱ֮Щˣ
ɱ磬˵˶һѼ⵶ǿԱɱ֮ˣһɱ¾֮
꣬ɱʼձ־ʮźʿϣ̲䣬ʮ⣬ڶΧӣЩڶֱ࣬ʮͳ졣
Щˣ
˵ɱٲȻһɣȴȾ󲿷ɶҪǿֹ˸ɱ磡
һЩͨʿɱҲʮͷʹɱ֮˲ɱ¾ó֮һ̼ǧһкۼ
ɱ絮δйɱϼ֮·˵УֵյһΣֻǿ
죬һȴˮص׵׵ĸı䣡
ɱڶ󽣽̾дƬıʯһ˿䣬һ籩ɱںɨ
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ֶңԶ֮һŻƯеľ޴ʯ飬ʯȻһǱʱѷָƯиһЩϸСĩ䡣
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957 
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961 ֵ
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ɨһۣһֻоһƬϻ䣬ֱӴУʹһӾѹİԽпࡣ
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һٻ룬ԽӸой궯һ뵽ֻߣɵó̾
뵱үүҸǾħ棬ҶðȼңǶӣǶ˶ʡϧڻصɷߣȴﱻڴУʹԶȥ뵽ߡ
պһΪˣһҪɷǺÿƴˡƴţͻȻֺƤһϰģ¶ֺ֮Ц
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үүҪŬˣȻħͷɷǲԽԽһӶ޷ӳħצຣˡ
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֮صȴڵͽ׵ӣڹ̼
Ũڣֻʱ磬֮𣬲ʺɣҲû峿ƻʱӿ׳ĳ֡
ϵһϵеλͣ˵մ߸Ҳȫ֣Ҳ˶ѡ
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顣֣֪֮ǰ˵ķУںδ·ֲδ̫ࡣ
ڣȴұ¶ֻ̫࣬۰Ͱ͵Űޱɷħͷ֣ԼҲͰˣүүȥûû
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ޱ˵ҲЩŮԻȴδأڸԶı̫ࡣǰУɫһܸоԼһӰи棬ͷ֪ӰΣ


963 
ޱתԱ仯޴󣬾һЩΪϣҲľŮԡ˵ҲˣȴȻûôء
У˫Ŀ¶΢ɲľ⣬ϸĴ˰ޱۣܸоޱЩԾȴ˵ʲôط⡣
ֻǧ޵ʹЩ裬˵Ӱ㣬ȴҲԸܵһ˿ڤڤеı仯
ʶɨޱȻûκβЦȻ̸ֽ
֮ǰʱ䲻ãȹ£ǵͻ䣬ʱ罻棬Ҳǵһط羰
⼸꣬ڵҲƽû̫֮£˵УǺɽ겻֪˭µһųİľȻ˻ֻǻɫǰףǺڣֻϢȥһµʱüͬŶܲ졣ҵʱҲԱߣ룬ܰѰ⻨ȻǾͺˡ
ûʲô֮üͷֻڤڤеһ˿оʼջģɫޱӦ̸
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һͻȻ˵ʦܣģʲô
ޱһ漴ɫ˱仯ͣ˺󼸲֣˵ֿĳҰޱᷳ߾ǣٷ㣡
ִо棬ֻ˾Է޹ȴû뵽ޱ˱仯
ˣĳֻһʶѡֲɫ˵
ޱҧ촽ĬƬ̣ɫӵĿһۣڵ޹Ϊ˫ɾ˵˴˻ޱһ·Ĭűȥ
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Ŀ΢ɲһӡСûټѯʣޱһ·ۡڻƻʱ֣ԶԶĿǰһԲεĳǳء
ǳؾͷһԲȦڴأʿأδٽֱһ˿󷨽Ʋ
ʱн٣ǵһˣȺڳǳ⽵٣ʾ󣬱нǳء
֪İ֮أʶײҪ̽飬ᡣֻԽ˵ΪԽԽȴǰûм٣Ͼȥݣ
һʶɢǰǳأ˷ΪǺаԵ΢ʶһΣҪ鿴ģǳڵأһЩƲ֮
ͷ·һİķǰǱŶ鿴վ棬ڷŴʱ΢һɨ˵ҲЩʧ񣬵˵ҲһĬϵΪ
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ǳϵĽ󷨣˵ûκ谭ֵΪԼڽϵ裬ʶԹ֮ʱ˳ǵĽûκβ
ʶԹǳһΣ׼ʱ̱ؼʶȻֱʶȥ
ηҹ۳ǣϷ򳾵֮һһӣһɣڣڽʶɲǣɭĴ
ͬʱʶþŰһ㣬ֱתлһ籩Ҫסֵʶʹ޷뿪
ʶǿڣŷӸǴﵽ˿ڣһ֮Χʶʹһʱ֮䣬޷
ͨȫʶϵΪδﵽڡʶ˵Ȼˡ
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ޱȻһҲûвȴüͷ
ĪҪ⣬˸۳ǰȫȻҪһЩǲͬ⣬ʶͱҵȽϵˡһİ̾ȷЩˣϾҲδֻѰԵʶɨѡ
飬ǳ˶ֻ񣬼Ȼܹ۳ǴȻҪֽҲһ˿ϲ
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ǻ˴޽ڣһӱ㲻ô룬ϾǳĻ̡
Ϣʱת۾͹һУ˵ʶʱſڣűסʶȥҪʶ
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۳ڣһΪĽУ׵䷿ڣϥһߣۣòΪϣ˿̣ȴ͵˫ۣһѪɫ䣡
Ϲ֣һΣ̾ʧԭء


964 Ϊ
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ʶɢɲǣ۳ǻ׵ڶ䷿ڣһ۵ϺȲ裬˿̲豭һ飬ˮʱɢɫ԰ûѪɫѪ¶캧Ȼ
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ѡķ䣬ǵڶһΪŵСݣľԣǰɫľǽϹżԵֻ
һյ͵⣬ɽӵĵɫ֣ʹڵɢȴĹâÿһ䡣
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־ڷڣ˫Ŀǰɫ̻ʵϣȴǳһ·ϰޱľٶ
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Īǣޱ˵Ļ̺֮ǰЩ֮СˣһЩ֮޷ǲֱ˵µĶȻңǡʦ𣿡ָоץһЩ磬ȴҺȷ
ߣʲôƣʹ˵ֻܰʾֳĬУ֮ǰֻѯ˰ޱ޹ӹɫ䡣
Ҳһֲ̣ע⵽ޱתγɵĹӡǣ
ޱҪ˵ʲôֳĬУɫһ̧ͷ⣬Ƭ̺һˬʵ롣
֣ʳѾãɫδ۵һɺá


965 
ƿţֻһվ⣬Цȭ
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֣롣һָԱߣЦ
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΢΢һЦǣȻ⳾ӵ⣬Ͼ˴֮ոջйڣ˵ڲ󣬵ʲô¶пܷ°ԼԼԼľᣬҴ޷̸ǱȻ˵Ů㣬һҲǼӱûж⡣
ĻҲһԪӤС
ºһŮЦŶֽ֣ܵСӲ£Ҫһպչһ
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ĺǲԭԼǰԼҺܵԷºһӴóһɫʯͷ˵ѣڤʯ£Ϊҵ̶ֳȣҪڤʯԪû򴢴ǿ֮ͨãգϷհ
ֺЦʯʶһɫ糣ȴһɫʯ죬ڲڶСףɢһɹŹֵϢʶڱ治˵ǿ԰֮ͨǰڣЩơ
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˱˵ּΪ֮Ҳϡ٣һͷ봢ڡ
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ֱȭЦ֮һ֮ƣǰЩдˣֻұͺá
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磬֮ƣ˵ڵͽʿҲУǲСΧĴͨţ޷ȣҲΪͬ
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ʱգ׼ȷ˵޵ţ˵УǱǵɱ¾ģħӣ
һƽĿڵĳţħӣ
һһ̱һѪɱ¾֮дĵȻ𣬾ͷߵ֣Ȼ仯ΪԶޣӵɱ¾һ㡣
ĳմػ֮ǰͣʱ䲻࣬λδ˵Ʊһڡ
һжأǼ̫ʱڶ亱֮⣬ûпжߡ
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¾ƱʱΪľɫŮᲽǰƺΪֵֻصһߣĿʱ֡
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ʱȥ̸У¹֮ʱ˴֮ҲϤ΢紵һƱ£̾
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969 
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971 
һȭֵȴ˺ܾã˺ܾã
˿̻ӳԪת֮ںϣһȭӳɫ䣬ԶԶȥȭͷӴһָ̫࣬һȭ֮ȴһ籩籩ǻһŭһǴڱеָͷ
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972 
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䣬ȫƻ𺣣һ֮±ԭһܣ紵֮УûʹûɢƸ
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һ֮䵹Ҳ൱ǰĳ˿ͨʿ֮Ľս
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973 
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975 ٿ1
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980 ӣ2
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˫Ŀ˲䣬ڵĹһ˲ͬ
ʱ䣬ټ֮ǰһ·ʹΪĹ˿ڵ۷塭ҵĹӦ뾻һսֻЩȥ֮ɸǲĬƬ̺һĴ̴ڷɳһ⡣
һ̱ʹ⹬һƬʣһƴСĶƣͨͨɫɲ֪֮ɣڣƮҡ
С߻ȦƯǰֹϵ⣬Ҳһ㡣
ڵĶƣĿ˸֮ǰڸóʱʹܵһ˿Ϣ
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982 ܣ
ӡǣһ̤֮ͨɫһ˶ɢĹ֮ӡ±ʹùϢ޷ɢ̫࣬ʼձڶ޷й
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󣡡˫Ŀһһץ̱һɿХֱɨѸװ֮٣һץסӣҪ顣
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983 ͨ
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984 ֻ
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ŮӲҪӣȴ˾ͽһֱӱڻЦǰһΣֱǰǶȥ
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˿ƺӰ伫Ϊ£ȫźӰ
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985 ƿ
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ֳ˿ؿڣæ˵ǰҪˣˮǵճǰԸԸȥһء˵ţСͺǰӱԼ˶٣ԵԼ룬ɵ٣Щɬ
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¶̾ӴվһԵɽʯϣĬĬԶĳΪѵõĴһֺ״̬

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986 ʼ
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̹ͬŭ˰㷢Хܷ֮ƿ¶εԼһӴӰ
Ӱüģֻǵ㣬ȴһбǿϢһɶ֮֮䡣
һĮؼһбʶ޷䶯ݰգ¶Ŀ⣬˫ڡ
ӣ֣
̫֮ūľ飬٣ս壡λ֮Уɫпȵĳ羴ֳֵɲǣ̹
ͬʱǼ̳·ŮŮһ˫Ŀ¶ͬĿȣ֮Ũγһ֮籩ؼɨ
Щ˵ü֮ϣӡǣ͸ԽԽ
̫֮壬Ϊ׼㹻֮ܡ֮е˫ֱƿ̧ߣһɲǣ̳µ֮񣬿֮ﵽ۷壬һüϵӡڣȻ޷֮Щ֮۶һֱ̣̳̳ȥ
һ֮ͬһХ˲̳˫ֱƿۡ
ԽԽ֮ȫ˫֮УǱƿȻͬʵʣϥ̧ͷϵһ̣ǱƿһȭͷСƯӵĹȥ
ʼٶȲ죬ƮϢٶȱһɾ޴ֱüģһü֮ڣʧ
ӰĻ֣́һָһɰĹ̳֮֮ڣپתֳǧݴɢ˳ż̳£ÿһڡ
һ˲䣬ֻоһתһᣬ˵ϻԹȥ
֮ʧ컹ˮǵ죬ɽ壬ƣʱĻ֮ľ֮
һжûκα仯Ψ仯ģǴ˿̵ǻþһ˵ϣԹȥ
վڲԶã
ūԶգĬˡʵ֮ǰǱƿĶʱ־ԵĸоںͿ˾ļУһԭڵļ䣬Ȼǽ⿪õĳ⣬չ¶ֵС
̫ʱڣ֮˻ȡ⣬һַǴӵʱ̫֮лãǣūĴڡ
ֻأÿһλūǹʩӡŹǿͬūõҲһ
ֻǣϵӡҲδ̫ǿһЩһһֻأڣоȻӡڡˣȻǲֻ֪ǰһĻĻ
üģղŵĻþֻҲͬܵˣǵ˼֮۶üʱ̾͸оüһȣһڡ
ֻֻһȴΪͣںɢȫΪ˹֮һ֡
еü֮ϴ˿Ȼһӡǣӡ˸ϣԼֵһӡ
˵ֵÿһ£ӡǾͻ֮˸
һ죬ֵ಻ӡҲ֮ȥģԼһС
ǱĨȥһкۼֻؿԣūֻֻһֳͣĬ˫⡣
ʩĹ񣬲δ
ɺ֮ڣʹū֮滻ҵӡȡ֮ǰӡǣ㣬ҲֻһͣǸ񣬴˿˵ûȻ;ƿݣˡְ̾
˿Ҳ֪ˣΪԼһοЩĺøУԭΪŮˮԼһ˿пԵʡ
ڣȴˣˣŮУôһ˿ֻǰūӡǡ
йͿ˾ļ䣬ԭΪȫڿкܶӡ޷򿪡뵱ȸǹ֮һУһõͿ˾䲢һᾧûеõйءܵõǸᾧҵ֮УŻĴԲɡ
ֳĬпһۻԹȥջĿ⣬ϥɽʯ֮ϣǰգ˳˴֮С
ʱҴҶ֪Ϧ֮ʱϦʧ֮䣬Ƭһ˺ڰУĸܵǳʱ쾳磬سڡ
־УһƬһзȫȥʣµģΨճнþòɢ
ôһ˿ǰƵصȴЩԼ˿̵״̬ʲôҲ֪Լģʲô
һǧ޵ΪǿԼָоԼ˿̵״̬ӦһֺܺĻԵ
ܰסԼĪĺô
˿̵ֲ֪״̬ʵϾԹʼļʼ󾳽еʼԵ
ʼ缫Եأʼ֮£ȴԹڵһ
û֪ʼζζݹʷǴԶʱڣʼҲǼΪޣ˵û缫ôţȴҲԲࡣ
ǣǽʼߣԼҲ˵ν룬ʼڵʱ伫ݣƬ̼
˴ţʼһֱ仯һ뽫ͣڣһ˵֧ڶ࣬ʵϣм¼ɲļ⣬ڵʼ󾳽磬֪ߴɲ꣬ԼҲã֮С
ֻ֪󾳽磬ƺǷΪֱ仯
缫ı־˱ʣתΪʶ
ͬģо󾳽ʿҲΪʼҲһΪ
֮֮
֮֮
֮ʼ֮ʼ
֮£ƺ龳ΪһЩ񾳣̫Ʈ죬޷׽ڴԶЩ̤ʼߣмȫǶݵĴﵽ֮ʼڵǶ̶̵һ˲䣬˷츲صı仯ֻʱ̫̣õĺôҲ޷̫ࡣ
һϹʱڣһλĵʿϣ˼¼ĵһα仯


987 Դ֮ͨҹ
ıһĬĬϹʿ˵ʴӱϹʱڣȴɲǳڡֻǣϣȴǿм¼һ֮ʼȺӣ
û֪֮ʼ֮ʼ˶ãǶݣ㡭
ֻ֪ԭĬĬ֮ˣȻڱչһԾΪڼ亱ǿߣµǣ˵ͨǰδţδ
ҲͰˣе֮ͨƫƫ֮󣬼޷󣬸̺֮ڵʱϹʱڣνһ籩
̫Ҫ֪أȷѪʹչƾʿж˳֣һЩΪµϹֳ棬ȻҲİĿԤ֪һΣȫΣվܿһ㣡
Լ֮޷ڵֿʧ٣ΪϹ磬һĴ˵һֱܾ֮󣬲˻Եɺ֮ģȻ̤󾳽֮һǼǵʼеһ
ھ壬ǰ֮շʼ֮ϣ
뵽ʩչЩǰδŵͨǣʼϢԴ֮˵ĴģһĻĻ޷֪ٵĴš
ΪʼΪ
һУֲ֪˿̵״̬֮Уȴʼ磬޷׵ڣֻ⻷ơ
ǰôһ˿磬ÿҪȥץסȴ֣ʲôûСָо˵δй
ߵϦձڰɣһƬΨǺĲ֮С
ûнԸг˼㣬ʱھͿƾϺɽףûּڣҲͲд˿̵֡
ƽգȻ޷ȥץ磬Աȴȴһδεճ䣬ȴԽԽȴԱץסһɲǣ
ҹѣŽë˫ۣĿǷǵҹգĬĬӣһ۲Զϥе֣ȥɫԿ絶һĲ档
֮Уһӡ򿪣֮£˺ܶģļ䣬ֻ̫̫ãһʱ֣֮˷
Ŀûн㣬ʵҲǿֲ֣˿Ҳ㡣
УһĻĻԶļʱж˻ǰһĻϡüģ¶鶯Իξ˿˴𰸣Ĭãվӣֹūľ飬μ񡣡
һͷƽ˵ȥɣĪҪš
ֵĻ˵ߵ־˿̵ͷǣһΣԶɺ׷һԾɺױϡ
ͷϸĿһۣ˫Ŀһ˿㱣̾һ׶ȥ
ûĿһֱԶ棬ʱһϼ߻֣ء
ĸоһǿֻǣһֱٴȻû
ʱ仺ţһȥѾԼ˶ã˼죬ڼ䣬Լͷӵûв
˿̵˫ĿһֱԶڣȻѪ˿ֻЩ⣬ؼһжʧΨһʣµģճһĻ
ɽʮ⣬Ʈڰգңңȥɼɽ֮ϥһӰ
ѾһˡһӺǲ⣬üͷֵڸʲô
Աߵһҡͷ˵þʿҪôʱģһһΪǿͨ
һӳĬãҡͷҿ񣬲֪ǷûУܣûаԪĲڣΪȴ޷ڣ棬ǲ׵ָо˺һ㣡
һĿһϸ˺ܾãͷпܣ
˵˵ûԪֻҪ̤ʮﷶΧڣͻᱻһɰ֮ˣһӳ
˵ֹڵİ֮ҵЩ֣ͷ·֮ԼɣǰУȻһԴĸоһü
ɣ˵Ҳѵһľۿ֮󣬻Ҳаһƽ˵ţϥգǰɽ֮ϵ֡
ԶĿΪɲһǰɽ壬ڸʲô¶˵һǧѷĻᡭֻӡǱƵ󣬵׻ʲôʡ
ĺ
ͷɽ׼ˣҲȻϾѾһ£˲ɵЩǡ
һδεճ䣬ʱһţֹȥһ£
ֵ˫ĿڣѾȫѪ˿˿̵ȻһУֱĶǰ棬һδεճУĸоһ˿磬ԽԽ
һգºĵھ졣
ܲƵʱαһɲǴڴء
Զĺϣˮ£˺ХҪһ
ˮУƱһɴʿĲǺУֻǿϼһؼ֣̱ɣʧ
ĻеĳƺǼѵĴл¶һɲǣ˫Ŀ͵һּΪǿҵĸоµĵȴΪؼһ˲䣡
ʱȫۣǰĳ˷ҪǳΪһ塣
裬ȴֵֹĿ⣬ֹȫĳֹǳյգ
ǳƼѵĴؼ˴룬Сںϵɲǣкһ£ĸоԼһ˿˿ԴδйٶѸۣԼȫһ֮£ȫԼڡ
һ˲䣬Ӿҵһϣ
ǴϣĻ𣬾ͬһλĸףǳӤ˲䣬ĸ׷䣬ѳ
һɲǣһ޷⣬ؼĺҹɨб˺ѣ֮ǿ԰ǬתԺʹúҹǰһƬƲ󣬻Ƭʹأȡ
ҹ
˫Ŀ⣬ĳһ״̬ǰȫճһ˲˺Ѻҹ֮
ڣ˫Ŀһ˿â£ʼûаƳ˷ӡ󲻵ĺУȴ뵽һһݵķǾɱ֣
ɱһзӡȫƣɱһȻһΣָǹ˲䣬ֱǰȥ
̤ʮﷶΧɲǣȴɫ䣬ƿ˴ŵһĻͫ¶δйĿ־𺳣
⡭ʲô


988 ҹ֮
ӳ븡ǰģһĻ콾ǽһƬɫ·ŭ죬һ˲䣬ִԼѾɢ޾ҹա
ǽӺɲǣһַ˺ѵľʹÿһλ÷ĴԪ񶼱ڣ־ʹһδйӱϵ˺Ƭ
һǿҵΣ˲ӿָ¶Ȼ˫쿪һʱһֱԪڷɢһ籩ҪͼֿɢĲҹ֮
ֻǣڵԪһɢ̾ͬĺҹһǽɢ޾ֱ֮Ӵ͸
Ƿ籩һķѣͬ˺飬ܵˣֻƬ̣ȫɢ㲻
⡭ⲻܣɫ԰ףûκѪɫ˿̵ȫ޷ݵʹĴʹѪһѪҪˣȴ־ķ֣֮Լôˣǽǰδһ㡣
ƴˣǰһָΪһɲǷıھʿֱȡԪͨڸɲǣת
ֻһԪлûͬһŭ򸡷ۣɲǣ֮ǰγһȭͷСԪ
򾡹ܲ󣬿̺Ļ֮ȴκһʿԵֿ
Ԫֵ˲䣬ˮɫ䣬زɫһ䣬׷ײòˡ
ͷ˾ˣھʿͨǰǣͲ̫
һͷҷɢΪΣԼǻɢľȻ޵ĳ̶ȣѾɱ֣һֱڶ޷ŵͨαס
⡭⵽ʲôͨȻ̺һ޷عͨͲǾʿӵУӴһͷɢָԪǰ͵һơ
Ԫʱͬ磬ֱǰǽȥ
Ψ⽾ҲſԱľֱǼǰеԪ
Ԫٶȼ죬תۼֱȥٽɲǣӽڱ޾֮Ȼޱײ
ľһ˲صأˮǿУص죬ˮϸǴѿƬ
Ԫ򣬱
ӲЦһٴһѪ壬˿̸Ǵ˺֮ȴ˿ɲǼ˲Ͱȫʪ
޷ݵʹǸ޵ž˵ļ㣬Ļ̾ͻʹ߶˿̵Լҹǰ̧ͷ˲䣬˺ƬĸоԽԽԣȻֲһĻǻþʵ
˴˿ڣڵԪ񣬴˿Ҳ˺ۣһɾ޴˺ȫͷ·ק壬Ҫȫķѣ
Ԫָͬо
УǽմӺ𣬽ԼһӰӰƺŽնԽ
֡
ǽ֮ˣ֣
һɲǣ֣ǽɢЩ̫ŨĿ֮£ʹ˸޷еĿӰ
µĺ棬˿Ҳڲ֮Լ¶Ǿ֮壡
һУڸ¶ʹ¶ŨŨĿ־壬ʲô֣ĺǲڣǾ֮
ʹøȫ˺ѵĸоȴ˺ҹյ֮ʵĴڡ
ĴһžʹһĴֻڴ򿪵˲䣬ұһѪĩɢ
Ĵ̱дķɳͼֹ˺֮Щһ̴֣Ĳһ֮£ȫ
һƬѪ죬һΣ£ԭѾָɽӣȻ˲ϢٴαƤǵӣһ֮ĺɫʯɲǼǰ
ʯ֮ɷӡǣһɫľͷнǣȻѾҪΪ
ŸһͺǾſڴȷֱȥͬʱǺɫʯͬһбƵһ㣬ֱѹ£
ʯ̫һ̾ڸգһ
ϥǾ֮ʼգ嶼ûаŲֻǰţ˸һ̧ۣǰһӣҹ
ڡҹִֿдɲǣ̺¡һֵ廯ɽ廯󺣣Ӻ泹׵һ˺ҹı޾⣬ܷĺɨȥ
ҹ
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ҹڣһȫʧٴλָԭ״֮ǰһУӴһĻͷƤ飬ĵ¶Ȼ
ʦҲʩչͨ
⡭¶̫ͨˣͨʩչҵϣȴҵ³ֻ𣡡
ǸΪʿͨ¶Ҫˣλǰûɱģ⸡Ӿӹ˽٣
໥˿ԷеĿ־塣
ͷɽɫûа仯֣һƬӡ
Ĳ࣬ԽԽԶˡһ֮У˵һΪʱ䣡
׼¶ȣ૵Խǿ׼ջؾħǵİվԽ󣡡
Ψɽɫ糣ʼһƬĮ
һƬѹֵ£û˸˵
ĬĬյĽ¶֮âվӣǰһֱӾ˸ǰץסӵͷֱǰȥ
ǰųһͷһ֮£ʧˡ
µĵȴڵȵһɲǣһ̣Һƽ뵽һ뵱֮عռ伫ΪƵľڡҲֻƶѣһɲȣ޵ռ䣬ʵ΢
ֳУӳ˾סĹ⣬˽ȥ
ղŵľ磬ʲô־£˵ֻһɲǣȴճ˺صĲҹ֮ͨҲִԴĵһ֮ͨˣ˳ְѸһԣϥϣĬ
вϵػط֮ǰһĻذֲҹ֮ĸоεؼ
ڵĸӣ˿ɫӵ֣˿̵ǣ˿һã֮ɳƵ˵㡭ղʩչģԴͨ


989 ǿһ̣
ĲȷղɢͨǷԴֻԼָо֮ͨǿƽ
֮˶ԷԴͨͷΪ侻ڵΪ֮£֮ܵǰͨУ͸һɬ֮У
ɬʩչ߲Ϥɣͨͷһոմʯڴĥ˵Ȼӫ磬дֲڣԲ
ˣ˸ԥúɳƵĻ
ƽĿ˸һۣһͷ
һͷӵһķ籩ɨ˵һӴ֣˵
ԴͨѰ˿ԸӵֻŹһЩΪﵽϹ֣ǸʸԴֶ֮ͨͨ
ϣԴͨӴ
ԴһɬôҲû뵽ǰ֣ȻĴͨ
һ뵽ղ屻˺ѵĸоӱɫ԰ֱ˿̣ϵ˿ڻڴʹұۣ˿Ѿ
ףǶԷɱԼղԴͨ£ԼȻˡ
ͷתʱҲڳҹ֮ĳ˿ȸС࣡
ҵʵΪֻǿڵ۷壬ڻһԲңԶ̫֮࡭ֻǣΪβô࣬ʩչŲҹ֮Ȼ׾ٵĽ⸡ˡ
ֳĬУϵ˼⡣
У̧֣Ŀ¶֮âֲҹ֮ĸоٴʱһâ˲֮ϣһۿȥǽâĿͬ
Ĵ󺧣ʶžʹ˺󼸲ȴûп˿̵֣üͷһ¡
һΣâɢ
Ӱ̾ɫ¶˵֮ӽǣ³çȣͼһ˿ңұۻٵҲҿһУѷģҸԵģеڶΣ
֮ǰһΰУ˵Эȴһֱз⣬ԭĴ֮طѡ
ڣʶ˲ҹ֪֮ԴͨⷬȴǷԷθͷֻ֮س󣬿Ի֮
ͨǷ˵ԴûȥΪǿԿһЩߵģΪ˵а˳档
Ǽ٣ѾҪģҪͨ׵סͷ󣬸Ҳ˿Բȥ
βɱ֮Ҳøף²
ƽɨ˸һۣ˫֮ˣЩ鲻ؾԴǣ˵ͷѴ½ҹ
ѣҶЩϹֵ˽⣬֮صٴοӦòԶˣ£꣬򿪣ǵʱ䲻ˡ˷Ҫչػָ۷壬Ͳšֵ뷨󣬸Ҳ֮ص顣
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ȥüͷԼ֣ĬƬ̺һʩչ˲ҹ֮ʱ֮н⻷ơ
ֵɲǣڵԪֵҰܿƵۡ
ĿһһΣ̽ɢԪջأôһѾһɶࡣ
͸ղһǸһʩչԪ̼۶ȥڵԪҪҹ֮ʩչͲΪɽ֮ȴԲҪ˿ԪʩչǼΪ˵Ĳҹ֮ءüͷ塣
Īǡ͵̧ͷĿ˸
תۼ䣬ȥҹٴ٣ʼϥڹڣϣһֱҹţڶǰһϢĿһվǰһ
Ӷʱʧʱٴ˸µľ֮
紵ҹϣһְע⣬Ŀ¶ⶢԶǻĳ̧֣Ĳҹ֮һӿȫȫ֡
һɲǣֵֶʱâ˸Ԫûаģ̧һ䣬̾ͷ֣Ȼǽĳڣ˲Ϣб޾֮۶֮ϣʹֽʱɣ
Ÿ֮ǳӿ֣ȫֽ֣ԽԽŨ˳ӣȻȫ
˿̵֣ȫɢ޾⣬֮£̾ͬһƬ̺󣬾ȻĽȡΪؼĳ֮
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Ȼ˵ԴͨҵԪʩչΨճһɲǣ֮ſʹáֳĬãһҡͷǰһʧԭء
˵ƣճһҽսϵĿͨ񳵣ؼڣӦҲһƴ֮
ճһ̣ǿ֮ʱ
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ŴĽܣ⹬Ȼ׵ķӡ
ЩֻЩģһĴʱгһ̣˶֮
̴һԪϵָѸתȻԶ𣬾Ȼϵֻ˲ϢͱʮɴСϿգ䣬³˵ϣ£ϥġ
ӦùˣһĴʬӫһ£ǰŴʬƬ̣Ȼ̧ѸŮʬüĺݺݵһ㣡
һɲǣŮʬ͵˫Ŀ¶֮âֱĶ֡ü֮ϣ̱һתиֵָֹ֣һ⡣
Ůʬ¶׹⣬Ӽۺˣ˵ɲǣ̵ϵ̷֮ת֮£Ѹ˸Ȼ˲䣬⹬н໥ӣܲɷ֣Ůʬʲôط뿪ƣֻҪһƣ൱ͬʱȫƣ
Ůʬ׹һȻ鶯֮ɫ֮һ٣ӰһƬ⣬ֱֶȥ
ŮʬˣΪ˵䣬ȴûٰ㣬Ũ˿һ֮£ֽǰֺݺݵһץ
ɫʼƽŮʬץɲǣĿһ̱Ůʬ̾ϡ
ҽһŮʬ̵ˣ˵ˣȴǼΪӯȻûһƣͣ⣬鶯Ŀⶢ֣ſ¶ݣͺ
Ůʬ޶ˣ˿ⷬûиκΣΪŮʬŻԼһ˿è֮С
ù֮ϵ˺зײ֮صڡ


990 ˡ
Ŀƽһָ̣Ȼһתʱ⹬нһɲȫֱŮʬȥ
ŮʬдһХ̶Ǿ߱ǿĳʱдƺȻ
Ůʬ¶̾ͺˣĿһȴܻû˲Ůʬһ£һɴʹŮʬˡ
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ŮʬХùϵ̻ζʱдƬĺ˲ȫ֮£ŮʬſڱһѺɫļɳϷݺݵһ
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һ󣬶ʱȫһֱѣһص顣ûͣ٣ٴһץһΣŮʬһҽУ̹֮ϵֳ
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ֱ˫ۣ˫ǰϱ任ӡǣʱŮʬڡ
ʱ仺ȥճУǴ£ˮǣתۼѾס£ڣھ֮򣬱ڹŮʬ
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ɫƽ֮ͣǰԹȻʧӰ٣˿̵Ůʬ˿ݣôһòŮޡ
ˮ֮ʱϷһ˵󲻴˵СС飬һΪ˾ͽϵĴͨʿ𣬳Ϊ˺۹Ĺ
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µʱ䣬ϼСڵŮӣȻ׷ܵ˵ɧţԴ˲ǿֻ侻ΪŴĻӣʾΪĵҩѲŮ޾ۼһʹú۹޵׳
ޱߣǺƺƵǧŮ޻ߣʹ˾ͽ̰ɫ֮˿
˵ҲţΪ۹Ůޣȫ͵ҩʦ׷˾ͽϱֱ̻׳ĳȥһյĽЩɲòЦӭϾ˾ͽϵΪǾʿ
һ۹ڵŮޣԽԽ࣬˾ͽ֮Ҳˡ
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ܣŮ飬ˮǶȥ
˾ͽǰվһµӣòӢĿа˿ĵ˾ͽǰ֤ˮǵŮޣǹɫ֮ˣѩòˣǽŮޣˮϺõ¯
˾ͽŮ޵ź򣬹һЦͷã˵ʱٲǷʹͣҩʱѡ
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Цѩߣһ˾ͽǰȥҵҪǴӻǲӣһΣҲܲˣ
˾ͽĿһɨɫڴ˵ͷȴ֪Ļһ۾ͿӶˮǵŮг϶
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һʹǵʿΪ죬ȴ벻еĶߡ
û֪ӱչǰµһڣɽ
ڵĵ̫࣬в棬мŮޣǱ˾ͽϹյ˺۹桱ѯ֮£֪˵֮صִš
ЩűͲʲôܣ֮ǰ˾ͽҲ֮˿˿໥ӡ֤֮£ȴΪԾܿǹЦİӵֵܣҪ춯صĴ£
ѯ֮£˾ͽϸ֪ǰֻعǡ
˾ͽϳ󣬷ǰ֮£ΪּȻһ޿֣˵ȫû⡣ֵֻ֣ƾʲô޿֡
ĪСΪ˾ͽ˺ܾãҲûȻͨ˽ȴ֪һֻĿģһ֮أ
ԣֲԶڶʱڣ֡
һ˾ͽҲͲżˣʹʹһҲڷǵɢһЩ
һգӵĴ·£˾ͽϱŮ޻ƣԶԶؿˮǣ
ٺ٣ӹ壬רΪСѡˣ֪ˣ֪ʲô飡ˮǣ˾ͽϹЦ
ͻȻһЦŮްӣΪЦ


991 ط꣨1
ŲԶһƬεɫǣ˾ͽʶȻɢɨȥʶͬһ籩ٽˮǣ϶ʱХ
ڵΪʹ˾ͽʶΪϬټħĿ⾳ʹʶҲ̺һַ츲η
˿̺ɨ֮£ˮȻһһ˫ڲŪش¡֮գҲһɲǷӿΪ֮ɫ䣡
ԭڴʱ͵˫ۣĿ¶˼ͬʱһΣʧ˱չ֮ʱȻ˰С
ֻʶ̫ǿ˸һ֣һɣòʩչȫֿǿվȡ
дͷ׼ˣҲ̸ܵӴʶ׼ΪʶһɨֱһѪɫ԰ȴû˿ĵӣ͸һ
ͷһ֮£ʶԼĳֱչ֮ɽһͬգΪֻ
Сʿ˿һ׷ѪɫһѪӿ̻Թȥֻвѩгͳķſǿܡ
ǼΪԵʶǴڵĹɨֻǣ˿ڼŮʬЩʱյȻΪؼһ̡
ʱŮʬȫӣһΪ̫߳࣬Ļʶ鿴ֻܵŮʬĴڣϾŮʬΪҲﵽ˾ڵĳ̶ȡ
ʶһͣٱɨԶڸ˫Ŀ¶⣬üͷʶɨ˲䣬˫۶ʱĹ⣬ǰһָ
ʶһɨһĳЦֱջء
ӽ鲻ǸᣬˮŮӻǽѩС椸ͳĻƾľʿӻûصˮأ¡¡ܲϵػصתۼʹˮκһλá
̺ͨ˾ͽϾڵΪڣһһ仰ʹóѪٴκˡ
һɫȵǴ󣡡һһĴʱһɫƷɳ
ͬʱһһҲûжɫ԰ѸٴӴڸóһɫơ
˼ͬʱƼ𣬶ʱһƺһһɫĲȻܷɢɲǣͰˮڡ
һƸոձҲ֮ѣɫͬʱɢ˲Ϣ䣬ˮ⣬粨ĺɫ֣ˮػļΪܣ
һɫ԰ףûаԵֿԷȴûκλңЦˮڣҵҪ˭
Ӵˮ˾ͽϿ㣬̴ЦĿ˸⣬ˮʿһղʶɨʱѾ
˵ʿѾˣûˣ˾ͽҲη壬ųЦֱһ֮£ʧǱݺݺȸȸƵĴϣʱȻˮ⡣
źãԽǷӾԽ˷ܣ̵ģһǸֵ¯ɲΪԼվڵһ
˾ͽϴЦٽˮǣ˫Ŀ¶֮âʳָȻǰһ㣡
𣡡
˾ͽϵ֮ϣ̱һУзת֮¡ǿе֮Ѹ͵۶תۼڣʹתٸ죬ۿȥȻһʵڵת٣ȴǴﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ϴαչأרŶԼ𡢻ħȪָ˵֮⣬ǰѺָҲһͬƣǴϢƣ˾ͽ˫Ŀһʳָǰݺݵһָ
ʱкһԼٶѸˮǵĴȥɲǱٽֱײ˵һڹ֮ϡ
ֻһصڹײ֮з籩ܷƿ˾ͽ˿δԶЩŮޣһò˺
ǵһڹ⣬˿̾ҵ˸֮£Ȼһˣ޾籩ȫ˵ڶڹϡ
һɲǣ˾ͽֲ˼ٴһָȵһָأǬ
һָ֮£һΪӴкȻ֣ǿе֮˲Ϣ۶гΪһڶ԰ǿڵһȫա
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˾ͽ˫Ŀ֮âһкȵ䣡
һʮ֮ﵽ۷壬ǻε˲Ϣ˾ҵı仯⻹ΣҪ̺֮Ȼһ˲䣬˾˵ı仯
ʿԪ֮ͨУҲհˣչһԴ˽ȻԶԶ˿ʿ
ʩչԪķ˵ͼֶΣ˵ܼ򵥣ֻ֣һһ
Ƕڹ͸֮ϣټһ䣡
ν䣬ʵϾһʱĺ壬նһİԪڲϵѹѹѹ֮γһɱʿ֮Ϊ֮
ʵԴĲҹֹ֮ͨķ룡ֹ֮ٻھʿУ˵ˣԣӲŻ𾪣
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ٶ̫죬ֻ˲ٽǵڶڹһУ̾;ҵ˸Ƭ̼侹ȻеתŤûκ谭ģֱڲϵŤУıɡ
ûͣ٣ֱһڹϡ
һڹɲǣڹʱһ𣬺Ȼˣ㻤Ǵ󣬾ʹ߽⣡
ֱˮǶȥ˾ͽں󣬿ЦмΪŵĺȵӽΪֵ檣˭ֹӾ˭
˾ͽгˮϿյɲǣӷ׷Ѫɽ˿̲òٴκˡ
˾ͽ󣬺۹ŮѸٷգɢ֮Ҳ⡣˾ͽǴ·ɫݺݵĶųӣĺ϶Ҳн죡
һɫٵ˾ͽϣͺȵΪˣز֮
˾ͽ۾һɣЦ˾ͽϣ
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˾ͽϿ˳һۣҡͷŮ˲٣¯Ҳ࣬ϡ˵ֻӵֵܻᰡ㡭Ҳһǧ꣬Ǻģֵһ˲ţ˵ŮСֵܻһϣϻˣن£ֱӰǸɵ˾ߣ
λǰѩߣŹʦãԶ缲۶ŮӣһˣѩԱߣһƽ㲨
˾ͽ۾ɨѩһۣİޣĵԹȻûѩѾͷ޾ǿ檵ĺòϡ
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ѩʼգ˾ͽߵӣɫ¶ɡ
ѩĻ˾ͽϸᣬһ˦̱һַХ˲Ͱѩ𣬿Ӵˣ
˵ţһΣҪ׼뿪


992 ط꣨2
˫Ŀͨ죬һӣĴ˿̷˺ѣ˵ԼȴԼŮһ㣬ǰһĻ൱ŶͽԼŮߡ
ҧ֮£תڹȭһݣ͸ߣ֣ϷһΣ
ϧǣ˿̵֣ȫʬ֮УΪؼһ̣ʶֻͣڹԱһ֮£ǲҲ޷ġ
˾ͽԭҪߣš֣֡ɵһ𣬽ŲĿ¶֮â
е֣ʲô֣˾ͽתһӣ˵꣬ҡͷֵˣϷһ֪
ڣȴһ֮»һ磬ֱڵĹ
˾ͽϲȥӲˣŲΪ˳ӳ֣˾ͽٽڹԥһ£ȴǲò֣
־ʿܶ鶼ĺֵܿļνӴȴøĺǸпԷβɱ˵Ϊ˽Լ֮ջ񣬵飬ȴԼ֮ǰҲûʲôԹ޵ġ
²֣Щ˵ȥˡĿһһֱ֮Ӷݿնȥ˾ͽٽڹʮʱֱ
λѣȻѾȥĺãɫƽ˵
˾ͽĿһɫȴǳ˲ͣȵƾ㣬û˻ǿ˿ˣûʸ赲ӣ˾ͽ˵ţ̧𣬲˼һָ
һָȪ
һָ˲Ϣɫ䣬һŨɲǼأȪһָ˾ͽϵĸƺȻ߱൱
Ȫȡһ֮ʹȪһָŨģһ˿
һȴԳͨγһָ磬ֱӶȥ
ǰһģʱдԪХǰ֮£ǻȪ֮һ
һһ٣˺ɣǻȪָȴǰδɢȻٴ׷ȥ
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˾ͽһϸɽһۣǰһ㣬ʱɽӲУȻˡ
ȤһһһӵĿܡػ֮ˣӵҪһ
˾ͽϳЦһ̤˹ڣֻǾո̤˲䣬˾ͽϵıһļΪŹŴ˿ڣ¶šϾʶ̽뱾Եǲһġ
˾ͽҪ˵⹬ȴǳ˾ҵĺХ֮һƴӹڷĳʱأֱ˾ͽ϶
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һɲǣͻȻ򿪣ȴһŮӻһֱ˾ͽ϶
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˾ͽһָ֮£⻷ȻɢһϢȴǹĳŮӵ⣬ȻŮסݺݵһ
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գɽȫʧһɲǣһָɽҲﵽ۷壬һָһɽȥ
мΪĵˬ֮ЦصͬʱһʹôΪ֮ĺХı
һײһγһ޷ķ籩ɨ޾ĳɢͬ汻οɣڵĹʱº¡һеȫ
˾ͽһ¶𾪣ӰһѸٺˣһֱ˳ɲŰǲ˼Ĵ׵ɢˣȻЩľ
ʲô֮ͨҵɽ֮ҲòˣСʲôʱô˾ͽ¶˷ܣЦһԾȥڰһָϷдЦղŵɽһָֻǷһɽ֮㿴ɽһָʺǸ˺ܾòƶ
ãֵĳЦӵ洫ֻһ֮£ֱ߳վ˰գǰ˾ͽϣ¶һ˿С
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ȸǵһĻĻ˿̼ͬʱڶлص
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һָ£ЩɽɢһɢĲɣۣһָɽַ֮ĺХ
һָˮɽں֮ǿһʽͨ
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993 
סȭǰһȭߣֱǰһȭ
һصؼ䣬ֵǰĳӴޱȵĹֱӰһȭǹŭһ
䣬춯֮һɲȡˮһϢ㣬ص˶С
˾ͽˮɽ껯ɽһָ˲Ϣȭ໥ײһɾ޴ĳ絹Ŵ˷ˮϴƬĺҵķκˣ
˾ͽϳЦкˣ¶ͣЦ˵ʿչĿ࿴ҼûҴһ
ͬ˰ɣЦ⼸꣬㶨ֱչˣ
໥ۣͬʱ¶֮ЦѾܾû㿪ģ˾ͽط꣬ǧ飬ů
˾ͽͬˣһûмУҲͶϵЩ⣬֮νǹͬ¿ֵΪ˳̶ȣＫΪϲ
ֵ£˻磬ֱԶʧӰãȻˡ
ǳӣǶҵתһ£ðſЦǼΪӱ֮ˣ˿Ȼ뵽ˣ˾ͽ֮ǰ˵ѩΪֵܣֵܣа˳ɿܣˡ
ӶһĻΨпЦҡͷпһԶȻ˾ͽͨ߳ŮӣĵЩɻ
Щ˸ɢȥҲ˵˿˾ͽ϶ڵָճҹľ֮ӭɽ紵˺Ǹпİľһһ̸
ڶм䣬һŰӣϷžƺЩ˾ͽϴһھƣ̾û뵽㵱Ǻ󣬾Ȼô顣֪ˣһȥү
Ʊһڣҡͷ֮гЩʣҲΪ
֮ǰڷϱ˵˵ĽսǶƷľ֮ţû뵽ԭ㣡˾ͽ¶ЦЦ֮ɫ¾ƱЦ
ɫ糣ЦԵɺ϶ѡ
ΪЩŹֻ֣ǿڣղŵһȭңºҲľѡ˾ͽ˵Ǿڣʵ̫ߣЩչ֮ʱֿУͬΪУȫվ۷壬ǱƼƴ֮£뾻һսֻЩذˡ
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ǰ꣬ʱգһǧѾ׵ȥۣΪһʿ
˾ͽϻ㱼䣬˵ʧºʰӵĴӺ֮ͯӰһΣֱںڲпᣬдꡣ
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ͬ˾ͽϣһĻĻи֣Щ̫ԶȴǲԼգ˵¹һ仰
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ӿͷ֮Ĭˡ
ɽɢȥ֮طĸппԽԽԽԽŨһ˿ڶ֮ģΪ顣
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995 
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996 
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ǰǿУһɴСȻ̤֫أＲ۶
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Ŀһɨ֮ǰѾעꪣϤĸо̶϶ǵͿ˾Ƶķ


997 
ⷨͿ˾Ϊһֻⷨû۳飬ΪⷨͿ˾Ѵһϣɽ壬Ҫɽ۳֮ⷨ꣡
׼ֻͨɺȡ˱һȥȴûл
ӽڶֵ¶һ˿꣬꣬ԼͿ˾ź
ӣͬʱ磬ֱڶȥ̣˱һ١
׼ڶɲǣͻȻ͵תǿգ֮ǰǺ«ϵԼ˾ͽϵˣǿһԶ
ԶǿУһŤȴһߣӰ˲Ϣûһ֮£˽ǰ
Ҫڶӣͣӣɫ¶ĹƲμϡ
˵ǳϣȴ˳ųԱ˿ϵĹԷθް٣ȻǶͻȻֵߣΪء
μϡɫͬ¶Ը¶ߣʵڲࡣ
ͫһ߸ոʩչ֮ͨ䣬ϣɢһľϢ
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һЩһ봦ںڶڵʿͻı¶ʱҽо졣һ̾ʹúʿæ˺
Ǻڶһ˿ѪȵϢʧͬǹر˴ţֹһ˽롣
źܵʿɢҲһЩߣպȴշȥϫһλָ
֮ڣĳڳգ˳Ŵضһ߾ʬɢõζڶͺӥ飬ڶʬ
ֻǻڵһ䣬ʬư£õĳ̶Խӿ٣ڷУʬϵ¶ȻڵƤ
һսӣ겿ĳķѵĻһС
ԶڵĶǣչ֮һڣ˿̱һռݣǰǻڶʿеľ񣬱֮Ϊ
λ˧˸ͳ죬սܺ󣬻ʧҲأȽȴΪǿһռ˶ǣдͳ
˿̣ڻ⣬겿ĴȫΧиƯһ߻˴ᦣγһŨĺ֮䡣
޼֮ϣһ籩ɨأһǵļХΪΨһ
겿Уڻ⣬һ޴ĺɫʯ˿ţЩʯˣһɫ¶ŨĿȣܴбѡΪʯ֮ˣ˵ҫһĻԻͣ
һߣɫϣһϮɫۣߣʮ˴ܣγһɺɫ硣
˧ľϣЫµ˽ǲ紵ڴɲǣĺɫڶʱмֱĺХص
ҲͰˣ˲䣬Χˣͬʱ

ͬʱȻ޷ݣضڲһ޷ȣڲд𺳣ֻоߺһһֱʧȥ֪Ѫ
ŷĪҪ̫һŭӳǽϴȴһףԶԶȥͷһЫһ㣬˫ĿѪ˿ų޵ĿһԾ𣬲ǳеŷֱȺеǺɫʯ
ҲҪ˴ٶ̫죬һӰ˲ϢʯԱߣ̧֣кݺݵ¡
ǣ겿֮ˣȫĿ͸ŷҲЦûֹ
ǴµɲǣȻصһΪ
ʯߣģʯһòΪѰӣһ£ȫ͸˵ı䣬жϤߣӣ죬ϣȻ߷ơ
ǰһǰһӣһȭʱǴڷĳȭУγһɷ籩һײǴϡ
һѪȫ״ѣи֮ص
겿һǿߣʮ󺺿ɬһЦӺһķѣ׵ıˣ;ƿݣ˿ܵػʱ
ŷЦУһָǣȵ𣡡
һˣȫᦣʱޱ޼ʣ޷Ļǳγһأڸڵĺۻǡ
ǳǽϣһɫ׵Ůӣ̾һ
һ̣׵ĳΪ겿Ķǣ겿䣬ǳΪ֮ڣŴ֮һǺɫʯ񣬽ᱻ֮ǰ֮֮أΪ겿ڣͬĹһ㣬һоļУ
ʮ̧Ų׼ⶼǵɲǣȻȻҵĲɫ˲Ȼȡ֮δйļ͵̧ͷ
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998 Ҧϧѩĺޣ1
֮صգһɲǣӿ˾˵ľ䣬ֻһȻ֣ջصһ˺أɳʯڴŰ
ͻıʣ֮ڵԭסľ֣׷̧ͷʡ
еԽӣռ֮Ļмת֮£ͬ籩Ծ
֮ڣľһϿȹ֣˵ؽΪƫƧ٣⹵̦ʪ֮ܣ峿ʱ˵ػһƬŨ
˿̣еƣУɢ
ŽɢȥԿ⹵ײһˮ̶̶ͬ棬㲨
ֵɲǣƽˮͻȻһȦȦɢȥм䣬ظһ
ʼʱпΪΣƬ̺Ǹ֮ԽչǰģȻһ
һżΪףӢȻ˿ӵУ˫Ŀ͸Ĺ⣬գǽ¶һ˿΢Ц
ˡһ죬Ѿܾúܾá
ʱ˿̣Զ֮һ䣬˵һƬƽԭݱأһЩҰ׺δٽŵǷ紵֮㡣
ζܵȴһ֮һ֮ŵĿ񣬾ö֮ģƬԭһ䡣
겿ķ֧Ҳǣڴ˵أ̾ʧȥһЩڵĻǷĳѹһ㣬Ͳǿʹûǳ֣Ǹոɢһһɢ
һ˵أ겿
Ƭԭ¿ȥѰֽϵľֿһ۱ͷڳˮ
˵أȻһӴĽ棬֪жٸƴڣЩһӵл֮
û֪Ƭԭ£һΪϵĴ󣬴׷ݣδǰɽ硣
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֮ɸ⣬ɸ֪֮򿪣ҪΧɸһȫ
˿̣⴫ӵΧɸ֮һһƬƣһжǷ
ֻǣ˵ˣ˵ɾ˵һȥǿտ֪ģбϢƣվЩ¶
ɸɻΣΧڶĸ¥ڣһʵĴ˿̣ϥһ꣬ٷ磬һɳϢУһɵ
Աϣһ豭˿˿Ӳ豭Ʈڰлһ֮ɢ
ʱ豭һڣɫƽ
ֻճеɲǣӷ̧ͷ˿ԶĿԴ͸ޣֱӿյ
ˡ˵ˣһӴ߽ŮӣŮòֻһ˫ĿΣˡϴɫȹһɫ¿ϣɫĴ廨ƣԶԶȥŮ˫޳˵ȴˡ
¶΢ЦŮӣǵô꣬ϣһοԳɹ
Ůһԣ͵ӣףЦƻôãֻҪǽһЩز⡣
һЦٳ֮ļ䣬ůþòɢտĶڣҲٱ䣬ůһУֻΪ˴˵Ĵڡ
ǵ¶ˣǵ֮غ󣬱ʼղɵ£Ρ꣡
ôˣΡòӢϺۼֻ꣬˫Ŀؼİ⣬ȴ˵ŴǰǾ֮ˡ
ŮӺЦ˵⽣ĲѾ˵ڰ˲㣬ھŲ룬⣬վͿͻơ
Ρ¶ͣͷˣҲҰһ˵ɫһ˿ҡͷֻʼһ²⣬Ī˪ûȥĻô۳֮ɽΪ˽顭ϧؿƿԸ˪֮Ѱ䡣
˪ûڡ
кХƾնͬʱɵԼϿѺ۳ֶߣڷڻʹ£Ҳбʳ֡
˴ǷʥأڵǧɣһƬΪӴܶȺһܶͬһԻʳΪģ
ÿһܶͬͨ˴֮£ȫʳΪӴܶӡһܶУȫһߺǣЩͨϺڣɢʬ
ЩʬǸһɢ˳ͨա
գеܶУ޾ʬȫ˻ʳµܶڣ̫ܶ󣬳ɻβǧɴСмһŸʵʯϣϥһŮӡ
ŮòΪ£ϣһİ̺һۿȥж˿ڡ
Щ˿˵ϣŮӵɣسѪΪ˳֮ɫͬſŮһ㡣
ŮӵֱϣҲǱ鲼İ̺ۡ
Ůʯ·һƬʬƣһӿʱƮһЩŮܣ˳ϵİ̺ڡ
ÿʱŮӶӲ¶ʹ֮ɫ޷ܣȴǱŮҧͦ
֣Ҧϧѩʹ࣬Ϊ㣡Һ޲⣬ԱҸֻ֮Ҫɱ㣬ЩʹʲôҷգʲôŮ¶Թޡ
ԶҲǲˣԼһ˳֮ʱԸΣ壬һֱĪһʹѪ֮Ӧף׶༪٣ֵĺޣ
Ϊ˸һУ֪ҪӵΪҪѰô˵ع֮İһϵŬ֮ÿ𣬶ͬجһ㡣
գڣ˷Ͽɣ뵽չһС
ԶҲˣڽܷеһ̣лصǸ
ҿԸ۷ܸ֮𣬵ۣʶ꣬ĨȥճΪҵ塣
Ը⣬ֻҪܸ𣡡
Ҧϧѩ˫ۣٴʹʬգֻ̧֣һƬɫָ׸죬ɢ⣬ԼϺݺݵػһ˿ڡ
ʹӲɫȴĮʹ࣬ϰߣ˿ڳֵɲǣ·޾ʬӿֶ˳˿ڡ
ʬϵӿ룬˿ڽ£ճΪһ̺ۡ
֣ҾŹ㣡źͬ籩ء
˿ڣһ߳ڳֵɲǣɵһ͵ؿڷԼܵһ񺳶Թ
ָоֻɲǱʧӰƴδ֣üͷ˾ͽϵ½߳һվգȥ
˾ͽϵ˳˸϶ǵһ˵Ҳ߼֮ˣȴǶ֮زȤ
˿٣ɵ´
ػعʵأֺǸпһģȥɸ겿俴һʱ̫ܶæ룬Ǹ̾
겿ΪɵʦԸڴ˵طչ²֪Ƿ񻹴ڣʮǲǵһֱԼĹʮ
һʮ֮ˣҲֻôһ뵽ʮͬʱв֪ãֳָһ֡
أ
ʮ뻢صıѳΪĶԱȣּ
ǲԼڹڣʮ£ֱɱڣΪģǾˣʱ֪Ѿѣ֪Ҳȥô
ǲһ죬Լգ˵һ֤ͬ


999 Ҧϧѩĺޣ2
֮£ΪΪ޵֮ǣӦܻˣӭˣʮضҷ׷ǹʣΪˣҴ
ԾӲΣǽ֮£һ㣬Ϊֵ
֮䣬ѭ浸ӭһģҲǾӣҲСˣϣҲαֻ֮£һЩΪִҪ
һϿңʺϳΪһ޵֮ˣ
ֻǣһЩ£ңȴҪʮһʲô
Ϥأ̾һ´ʱгһƴСʯ̣ͨɸıƷ
Ѵｻ˾ͽϣǰѵһЩƽ⴦ϸ˵˾ͽϴĿһֵۣ˽⣬µֶȻҪȥһЩˡ
Ҳûϻ븡ӡŮӵΪټϳԼͷˣƿЩƣѣ
ѶȣɸƵ
ֵķʯ̣˾ͽӰȻʧֵɸڣʼǿƳơ
ɸӵĽƣΨЩȫƿſԽĴ˵Ŀڣ
ӡӵеɸͱֵͨǷȱ١
ңɸƻУֻҪ̤֮ڣһЩĵط⣬ʱ붴С
Դ˿ֵΪɸʶı䣬Ϳ˾ͽϵ˲ɸ֮Ĺ˳Ľ롣
һ⣬ֳĬƬ̣ʶȻɢӣڵĿΪ׾ٵģͽ֮ȫǣ
ʶɢ˲䣬ڻڣڱ̧򶼳ǵĺɫʯȻɢŨĺڹ⣬˹ڸ޾ı䣬ɢһֵ֮ʶɲǼͽܵںһ
ɫʯɢĺڹ⣬ԽԽŨƬ̺󼸺գ겿֮˶ʱãȻʯ
֪˭ȷӦڵأżе겿֮ˣȫ¶׷롣
飡ˣͬ¡¡Ĵݿ
ŷ¶޷ţ͵ؿʮ˿̵ʮӲԶգԼָӦ
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ŷĿпϲ֣ﾴأ⾴иģһɿ־壬Ϊ־ռ˴󲿷֣겿ԽԽ󣬵Уȴǰ淴֮ⶼС
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ֿµĿȣ֣ҲΪ֮ݡ
Щ겿ÿ춼ҪĤݵһĻĻʹʯڲ޷֮
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ʮȺ̵ϥأӼ²ϵزȴһΡ
ʮӭع飡
ʮĻһΰѵ˵ĿȵȼΪҵź춯أ֮⣬иİɫƮɫʯڡ
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꣬һΣˣ


1000 ĺɫʯ
ֵĻع飬ʹûڵ겿ȼ˿֮𣬶ҲӴ˳ֵһ仰£Ϊڣ
ڣǰеӵĻڻһ޷󣬼Ϊˡ
˵ڣǷ߼Ҳһɲ
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Ϊģ˾ͽһ컯
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οһ㣬ɵ۰׷⣬ɾ֮ʿ˵һıأ
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ʯֺĺ棬һ֮±Ͳ࣬˿̣ȴǲ֪ģ˰һжŪ뷨
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ܲǰԶԶ겿֮ϲõĻʱ˿ָ̣оȴ֮һƬһжڣΨһʣµģֻʯ
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1001 ڶϣ
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Ϊʶ룬Ԫ̾͸ܵ˺һչʶеģһ֮ء
˰ɫ֮ʹͬЩɫһ鿴ϳ겿ĤʱƮɢϢ
УʶĶȻɢ֮أ̣˫ĿΪ֮һһ֮£ʶǰ
Ϊʶںϣһֵ֮Ӱ̤䣬֮ǰʶ֮Ǵ˵صģϵʯ񣬴˴ʯĵ
ֵǰŨ֮ԼԿмһģӰϥӰ˵ģȴһ۾Ϳ˵ӾȻԼһһ
ͷ֮˫֮⣡
˫ǵɲǣ¶⡣

һһĹʼս˫ۣһܵİʱֳһ˿ڡ
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⵽ô£ĿһԼһһĹƬ̣ǰһӣ̱һɹַХߣʱͰȫɢ
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Ȼ֮أһ֮ĵطյ˵걻ֳ˾ŷݣݻΪſ
ſ֮ˣڹĽ̵£ıƣѧͨյſ
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ֵĵ޵ĺʹ⻹ҪſȻɵı仯˷츲صľ䣡
ֵİ£뿪ɹ˾֮һĻһ޾ͳΪµİ֮ΪǿĴڣӵ˿뿪ڿΪ
⣬˻ںϺ󣬾ͻһһչɣգΪĹ
ֲ֪Ƿɹ¿ԼһһĹףûг׳ɹ
ִ˿ǹȻһ۾ͿԼòһĹ֮֮һҪС
׼ȷ˵ǰֻһβдˣ
һ˿дĹ֮飬Ҳ֮˵ˡ¶Ц˿ˣЩĤʯˣɢİɫϢǵ
겿ˣ֮سԭס񡭡ڿ˲䣬ֵǣһЩԵɡ
ĬУһֱ̤ԼһһĹǰʼ˫Ŀգûаѵļ
ֲ˼ֱ̧ͷȻһкһʶ˲ڣ䡣
һƬε£֮صڣԭͻȻۣƲУһѪɫӰպХ䣬ֱڣŲ
̱һХи͸һ˿š
ٴκһΨйſɵźұһ壬ֿ̫̫ãգںϣ֮ұޣѪӰд֮ѪӰԼٶȣֱӳڡ
֮صأ𶼳֮˵ľֻ֣Ƭ̣¡¡ľʧʧĴһ
УһģӰٷɳδɳԶ̱һƬѪѪУ˱޵ӡ
ô֮꣬һȻ粽δǷҹ֮Уתʧء
Ӵ˱ѣ飡
ֻڱ뿪ĵ죬У£ȴһΪĲӰƮһ˿ãԶСķȥ


1002 ڶ£
ֻҪٸҰʱ䣬ҾͿɷ󷨡ϧ·ֳʶʵ̫٣屻̣һ˿ʶ޸֮ľʱɢ٣ֲͣ׽
һ˿ʶ֮£ԶСķȥֻǴ˿̵ʵ̫΢ʱĨȥһдڡ
շУʱ޿̶΢ʶҪҲģã֮£شɢ֮С
Ҫõص˲䣬ģԼܵһڵ·겿䣡
ʱ겿˲ֻ࣬ʮд󲿷ֶɢѰӵл֮أڲеģֻвˡ
ЩɫȣŷмһֲڵĺɫʯĤݣ󵭵ɢܡ
һ˿Ȼģ̫ʶʶһ֮£ֱɫʯȥڵɲǣʯӵԣͬһ㣬ܵ۶
ʱĶȹɫʯڽسļڵӶ̫̫࣬ڳģ
ͲǱ壬һ˿΢ʶģ֮£겿Ĥݣյдһ֮˵Ӱ
ʼʱлЩִ겿ԽԽ࣬ﵽ˰ʱЩÿĤݣأҲãԼ֣֣Щ˵档
ͷȹ꣬겿֮ˣҲһոһա긴һ£Ѿ׵˹ȥΪԼ֡
ǱĬĸı䣬ʯӣҲ˱仯ΪֵòҲͬʯڣ֡
̧֣ǰԼһһĹйŹ֮ɫŨղһĻԼò˼顣
ԼղŲ²⣬ֶ飬ϸ˽⡣
ĬƬ̣ĿһŹԼĹҪĻδ̫ϧھΪԼңôΪҵĵڶ
񣬵һʿڶлᣬ֪ܲٴħʱһںһ塭֪ܷɹţȻĶǰԼĹ¶΢Ц
һΣ̱뿪ʶΪ壬ſ˫ǰĺɫʯЦݸʢ
ϥڵϣ˫ϥǣſ³Ԫ֮̾ͰɫʯǴһӡǣϵʯ֮ϡ
ҪʹôΪԼĵڶͱҪԼͳһһͿɲٿ粻˵ҪôﲻųԼԪ񣬿Ԫȡ֮
һ˵򵥣ʵȴǼΪѣǿʩչ˵ҲɳɹΨжԶԶԼĿܲſɣֻǵԼǳΪ˷Ҳ޴á
Լ޷ǿʩչ
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ǿ֮£ΨոһյļҪĴʱһ˿ܳɹֳɹǴѵĿԻǻС
ֻЩ˵Ͳ֮Ѿ׵İԼ֣ҪȥΨһҪģʶʹ֪˭˭Σ
һ㣬˵ѣΪ͸ǹ񣬶Ȼβ֮¡
ԽµռУԼʶ֮У䳹׵ںϣӡ˷ӡǣ֮⣬׼˴ӡǣһѣֻһ
ˣҲֵ·񣬳ЩָʩչһЩɵصĿܲٿطڶϣֱ׵Ĳٿأûа©ŷ
ǰʯˮڵĸоȻ
ֻǿϧڶûȫʯϣʱֿܷǷҲֻʶΪҲ൱ʶڡ
Ͼһ˿ʶ㹻ͻٵĳɳһտԴﵽĳ̶ȡĿһ֪²֮ܲҪĽС
ڽһûдߵڶǰ֮һЩǿĽƣ֮ˣÿĤݺ뿪ڡ
ڶһӣڶҰ󣬿һɳһ˿ڴһΣʧ֮䡣
ǰĴս˵ʤͬأʱգܹȥ꣬˿ڣ֮껹̫ࡣ
Ϊǣ˵һƬɪҲԶԶǰֵһεʱǰ֡
ֵϵɣֻȴ࣬żפߣҲԿ۱Ҵ뿪
ڵĺڣһӣ˺˳£ⶼǵӣԳѭ˿̣һԺϣ־Ǻ
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ң뵱꣬ǵٵäŮǴ۾һҹƣ棬ûмһΡ
ڣֶǵŮӵòֻһ¶ıӰ˱
䣬ֳ׷֮Уһ̣ܵµĴڣתۼ̶ϴȥһУȴϴļ䡣
⣬ıɡ̾Ϊ˼䣬Բ£һûм䣬ô£ҲͲˡ
֪ĪǷڡ
ֵߣһƺľƣǴӵͬһڴǵ˽գƻǿƣֻơ
һڡ
ζҲˡֿЦ¾ƺ
ȻˣǾϺĺû˵գµζһƽ͸һ˿ƣ
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ȿԡóһƺݸ֡
ֽӹһڣ¶΢Ц˵ǵ֮ƣ
֪һ˲٣׼ٴʹһҹжһƺһں´룬¶ɣЦ֣û˵
һԶƮһ˿¶뱯ܣƬ̼䣬ӵϱһѴˮ滩£˳źӵ
ǴͷͬһŮӣ֣


1003 ۾й
žƺ˳źӵе۴ߴصǰ
ֻǣֻƣȴû˵ϣǵٵˣҲäŮ
һھƣ̾˵۾ˡ
û˵˾ϣĬĬĺžƣһһ
رһƬɫ֣ҹ¡
еֻͣںӵϣʼղϵԼ۴Ϲŵļյڷĵƻ
ʱĹȥŶĹִأɫȥ֮ʱֵߣһտյľƺ
޴Ѿֵ֪ĵˣһ仰Ҫ֡žƺ
ɫƽҹ۾֮ʱѾϵ¡Ͼ֮أȻ˱޵£ű޲ϵ飬ÿһ޾ͻǿ
ְнʣİƺһڡ
ֻͬ⣬ɸһ֮ؾſ֮ģ͸겿֮Ҿκ飬ǲд֮ʶ
ʯʯĴڣܶˣޣһ֪Էûκж겿䷢չûһ˿֮ʶͼǽա
ԣԶߣƽ˵
վӣһȭ֣˵Ѿ»һ
ҵ۽֮飬һλ֮ŮκϣӲΨгΪ֮飬꣬ʼṳ֮̂ء
֮£ϣֿԴŴ飬뿪֮أֻأ컯
ɫһ̴ָӵ۶ʱһХǰѵ۽
ֳĬƬ̣˵ΪβѰˡ
ҡͷƽĿڵ֮ʿڶ࣬޵ļˣ֮ŲֻŵĹļˣȴػ˽Ҳʹ˴ˡ
̾ҹ۾ٵһ̣Ѿ۾ϣŵ˵ԪѾҪݽߡ
֮ˣԪ֮ѰʿҪ࣬Ҳɢһ죬⣬вף۾ͻȥ
ʶһûоܾɣ˵ͷ
¶΢Цɫ͸ѣһӣǵ۽һ֮»һŮŮ¶ᣬǽᣬ˿Ȼʡ
ԺҪˡӺǴȰŮĲǽ飬ԼŮ
̾һֱȭؾһ
л֣
˵꣬תǰһԶԶȥֻžƺһᣬ¶Ů
߰ɡְѾƺڵľһںȸɣһԣվӣȥ
Ůŵ۶¶ףԼŮһĵ۾Ǵ֮գԪĶϾ޷ı䡣
Уӻ̻ص˵۽ڣһ
۽ͬһâֺ󷽣ֽǰУմ˽ХУִһ˦봢ʶƣɸӶʱڽ˸£ʧӰ
֮صУ˾ͽΪףڲϵƽƣⶴڵĽ̫࣬Ųϵƽ⣬һЩ֮½ǰ
˾ͽϵ˵ΪƽЩƲѣһ·񣬽ֱⶴλáֻǵƵﵽ۷壬Ϊƣֻ˽ƵĽṹ󣬲ƳĿܡ
˿̣ƽ̨ϣһ˸£ֵӰ֡ûͣ٣ֱ̤붴ڣһ·ɼƽĲƣʼһЩǵѾƽ֮⣬д󲿷֣ǽ˾ͽһƿ
ǰвãԶԶ־Ϳ˾ͽϵˡ
ϥƣȻ֮ǰƽ⣬˺ķ˲Ϊ˿ָ
ڳԱߣǴͷЩû뵽ǣͷڽƾȻЩ裬׼ڼһƵƽⷽ
ͬڽ֮йоΪƿƵ˾ͽŮӣƿֵĹʣԷһ
ֻ˵ע⣬˾ͽգ˲ͣܵĽƣۻңڽ֮û̫Уֻ˽⣬ǽǿΪ㹻ҲƵ
ֻҪƿͻıʣ޷뿪ӣ˦һߣǿƽȥˡ
˿ֻ̿˾ͽ˫ĿһЦˣﶼˣɸ󣬵ҲСֱˣ˵طбȥ̽һ
˵ţҲֻػ˾ͽֱ󲽣һȥת۾ʧڡ
˾ͽϵΪҲĻΣڵĶأˮǵЩʱգҲʱѹƲŮͬķҲǱѣʱԼȥȱɣûֹ˸ߣǰ
ǰٲһʵСӣ£еڣСһʯţԡ
ʯţΨһڡ
˵غǹŹ֣ѾʱƾϷƣҲ㲻˵صĽƶߣȴָоǿƳһϵ޷ıʣ򲻵ѣǿд򿪡ֵͷϸĽֲ֮ܵǿƽҪ
ɫ糣Ŀʯϣû˵
˶ɻΣ֮Ľ磬˴˺ӣǽɸڻֻĽ̫ӣǶʱ޷ȹͷһ뷨ǲʯţǴԵƿƿӶ롣ӿһ۲ԶĿ˸ʱּ̧׼ϴһȭеĴͷ˵
֮ǰ̫࣬ڻָ˾ͽѵļƻǵ˻ָһ֣ͬȡѴ˵ǿƿұĿǺ֮ϣüͷ˵
ǰ֣޵ʱ̫йһЩ飬֮ǰ˽⡣
һǧ޵ӵڵΪȻǲ˼飬Ƕڽ֮˽ⲻ࣬ϾûǸʱȥս֮ⶴƽ⣬ͷˡİ֪̾ԼĽ֮ҲǺǿ⻷ƻ˵ɴ⽻翪ʼѾЩƿء
ʯţüͷɵ𣬴˵ؽѹָӻΪѣȷ˵ǿƳӦ
¾ǽɸڲĵһؿˡ
ǰİٲ뿴Ѱ˸˵֮⣬ֻһЩǱڵɱһУ⻷ƽȻͬ
Ƿ룬Ҫʵһ¡Ŀ˸Уڵʬ
ԶŮ˫Ŀһǰһߣ鶯Ŀ⿴֣ȴֵķԸ
̤ʮֲδŮӣĿʼʯţƽ˵
Ӳɵüͷǵľٶһпܰƾʹ˿
ֻһۣȴû˵˺󼸲


1004 ɸĴ
˿̣ǳҲ˫ۣڱǣһüͷȭѣ²ףϷ˵Խ˽ⲻ࣬Ҳܿ˵ƽ̲֮ɱǿƽ⣬ҵһֲͬмְա
޷һ֣һӵĻŮ˵ʹ˿ûκԥһΣֱٲڡ
ҽµɲǣȻ䱬⣬ĿתŮûͣһǰ̤һ߳˾Ų
ڵʮµɲǣͻȻٲΧʱһƾճ֣ܻصиһƬѸֱŮӶ
֮⣬йߵУǰٲΧһŤһ˺һ㡣
Ŀ⼱˸еļܣϵسƽ˵ͨǬλ˶أ
ŮӲ˼ֶйâ˸һӡȻ࣬ʱһɷΧХɢǲҲʧ
ŮӺУݵĻص˰ٲΧ֮⡣
һĻĸһ£˫Ŀʱо˸Ҳһ֮£ֵĿ̹Ź
û̫˼Ȼһҽڵһ㣬ֱԾ̤֮ǰŮڵĵʮλ
ȻϣٲΧڵĽƣΧƴΪͬ˵ؿеı仯˵ֻγ̬һˮ
˫Ŀ˸֮âһһϵؼ֮£̱ѰٲΧڵĽƣһһг֮Ρ
ֵĽ֮ѧԵĹ֮أһǧ޵вϵƣڣʼڴɣ
ǰǿգڽϵĳɳ˵ȲΪȴҲΪѸ֪ͣԼСʱ㲻㣬ڽƣȴž˵
һ㣬ڹ֮أֱ
޵ȻһУ޵ʣһ˶г̶ȣԽУԽߣ
ƣȴ޹أҪһ˵ļһ㣬ȡǣ
ǣֲǷȱǳһȣĻҲһǧ޵ߵ
վڵʮǰн֮âлһ籩ϵ˸֮£ǰһ̸ı䣡
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ڣֽƴɣǴӵĽ֮Ľе۷֮
һУ֮һоͿɰǬ֮޾
УŲǰֱ̤ȥ߳ʮ
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ٲΧ˷ɳһƬĮ಻֮£ɳʯγһɳǺХͬŭ𣬺ɫĳγ磬ֱֶȥ
һĻ˿ӵ˱ϾǴͨʿȥĿʶһɨ̸ܵǰٲΧڵľ˱µĳ
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ܱȴӰ籩ɣĵص㣬ȴǷ籩·ֵǰ
һŲϵرˣֱӴ⳾߹͸
򵥵һӡǣ־εܼ֮ãʱ䣬λصԼ֮ĴС˿ƫ޷⳾γɴ͸һ˵ı
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˫Ŀ⣬ֱĶ֣¶Ȼ޷ţΪڽ̫֣ȻȽ
ĴݲδװĴݣΪƵһб仯¶ܶ׼ǿƽ⣬ҪԽƽ
Ӹǵ໥ۣж֣Ǿη
͸˳ֽٶȻһ죬һ֮£Ȼߵ˾ʮʯŽʮľ룡
һ˲䣬ǳɢ̱һƬˮֵ֮УٲΧ̳Ϊ󺣣ŭγɴȻ䡣
Ŀ˸ȵľһ̣ŭ˻ûɲǣڴһģжһ
˱ҪӵеḶ̌
ֳ̣ͦΣŭһͷƮ𣬿ˣһʱ֮ת
ּӰϵĲ£ŭĿ˸Ųδͣһ̤ȥһֱӿɣһͷŭ˺Х֮С
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ƣһȣǷɳͻȻҫâڽƵĻ£γһɺ¡¡ĳѸƿ
ɲǼ䣬ŭ˶ʱһλǰ˺ѣʧ
⺣ʧɲǣһХɸڲͻȻγһ˻صɸ֮ڡ
ȻвٿߣĿ¶⣬֮ǰƵĵһۣ͸оЩԾΧû˲ٿأһб仯ȫսƹеĴڶ
ٲڵĽȻԼڵı仯˲ٿصļΪֲ֤ŻŮʬ̤ʮ
ͨʮԼƵı仯ּȷԼĲ²ûд
˿˼ֳǰȥֱ̤ʯ֮ϣǰɸڲɫƽȥ
˶ô򵥣һȻס
ǲ֪˶ڲкڲٿؽƵı仯ֹ˽롣
󣬸¶壬볾ӻдͷٽ
վʯţϸǰɸڲһ԰ǻŽأɸڣǧ죬ȴһۣ֮С
ĸĸ¥䣬м䣬һӴĹϵ̷һЩֲδ֮࣬ʹһ
֮⣬ڴ⣬ʮʮȫǴףɱһ㣡
𣡡Ŀһʮȫɣȵڼ¼ǿǿȵҪ֮һ
һɿµϣشڵĴܡ


1005 
Ϸ֪ɸ֮ɻأ˺ܴĹŰɻնɱӶͨռݵɸɸڻ¥֮еĴ˵
Ŀһ˼ǰһֱ̤ʯţ߽ɸڻ
ٽɲǣǰ޾ĻȻһ췼ʱ⻨㼫Ũ̺һ춾
㣡Ŀ¶֮ɫ⻨ɲǣ̷ɿ˵
ϷһЩɽ伮һ֮ɽĶ֮ϣ֮гǰһ٣м򵥵ĽܣֲִĻȻĶ֣֮һ㣬˶㣬֮Ϊ˳ϼڣֱӷȥһΪ
ɫ΢䣬ȴû˺󣬴˶ǿ˱Ͼǿʿַ
ءǰҡҷƬƬƽʵ
¶һ˿ľ˵ֻоʮλһԻȻĶΪ飬ʮţ
ջǰǧƬƬϵĿ⣬ǰһӣ̱һɹַХɨܡ
ֱ̣һַ£ӿĻ֮Ȼûκεɢû壬ڷζ
Ȥ˫ۣδ˺󣬶ǻٵ˲䣬ƽĿڵʬ
һһֱŮĿ鶯һ֮Խӣֱǰȥ
ڼʬ֮ʱѾԴʬΪ˽⣬ʬͨˣǷҲԪеǰ
֮Ƕ
ʬˣʬʱвʿͬĴ㣬һȫΪѪҲɣΪƤǵӡ
һУ֮ǰһֱΪĳֱͨŮʬʱףһֶо֮£Ƿ֣ʬڣ̺ĶؼΪˣЩ෱࣬໥ں֮¿ɻֲͬĿ¶ء
һʬУȻһ߶ʬʬͨڣ侻ڵΪ߻֮£йȻΪͷʹԸһʬ
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ͬʱ𲽶ȥֱԸһڴͷЦԴһΣʱ͸ݵ̸Ѫͷʹͷ­̴˽һ沿𣬽֮´üĳһѪ֮ֱӲסһɱקԼԱߡ
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һһӸͬĴ㡣


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1007 
ֽյΪԶǵС֮ʱǹﵽǺеΣࡣ
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1008 Ứ
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˭ĪǸ˵ɣͷƤ飬֪ҿԼǹĻոһѰʿɣ
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ǰŮüͷһ壬ƽ˵ѹָôȷЩʸ񡣡Ů˵ţָԱһ㡣
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1009 ˭ĵ
Ů˪ʬ壬֮ջĿ˫ֻۣǽëĲȴڸǲסе𾪡
ִ˿Ҳ񣬽ĶŰŮӵɫ仯ڶģŮһʶһʶ˪
˵͵ϮʱȴûôǰŮӴΣΪǿң˵ӶԷʩչһ˿Դ֮󣬸ĵ׺Ȼ
ӣҲֻбԴϢδʩչԴ֮ǰŮӣȻ֮ǰʩչ˱ԴָͲ
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ͬʱ֮Զ촫
ܣӿϵıûܵ˵ģ˾ͽϰԵص£ֻԶһ׹⼱ٶ׹һСƿ
ƿͨԶԶȥԲ⣬֬һ㡣
Сƿ˾ͽȫɢȫ׷ᣬۿСƿٶԽԽ죬˾ͽǰһɨʱСƿǰ̾ͳŨתһͷޣСƿһȥ
СƿٶȻһ٣ȻǺɶɲǣһƬŷľֱӴ͸޵ӣ󷽳ٴָۣ̻ӣٶȱǰȥ
˾ͽ˫ĿһЦٴ׷ȥ
һһ׷䣬ѸٽǰŮӡ
˫Ŀ΢ɲһ
ǰСƿٶȷɿ죬ֱӾŰŮӷȥŮüһ壬ǰһӣǰƿƮƮŮС
СƿǰŮסɲǣͻȻСƿһѣƬֱŮӶȥ
˾ͽϸһΣ֣ߣ
ֲ˼СƿŮеһ̣Ȼ˪Ӹһˡ
˾ͽɫ¶ͬ˫·һеͺȣѣ˾ͽصأǰжʱһƬŤ
֮Ȼ𣬼һƬƾճֵУֱŮӶȥ
ʱ˾ͽϼۺˣһֱͬɸڡ
ѵСƿƬŮ沿ȴڴŮ˫Ŀһ£ֹͣ˰գɫƽǰᲽȥ
˾ͽϵѻУȻȴֱӴ͸˰ŮӵӣȴûʹôŮκͣ١
㣬붴ôŮᲽ䣬쿪ڡ
ܻǱ䣬ȴûɱ⡣
еһ˿ϵͣӣԶİŮӡ
˾ͽüͷͬͣ£֮ǰ뿪ȥѰûã̲֮Σ
Ǹӵ˵İʧ˾ͽ𾪣ܶߣǱðչһӶݡ
˿̿ͣ£˾ͽϲ˼ҲͣĶǲ߽İŮӡ
ǰǽȥֱȭƽĿڡ
ǰŮӳĬܾãһ̾תŶڻĴɡ
˵ţŮŴƮȥһһ˾ͽϣ˾ͽĿ˸˵Щ죡
˾ȥɣЩͬ飬Ҳڶ㡣ŮӵĴӰȻߵ˴⣬Ჽ䣬ĺڰС
뵽Ů֮ǰɫı仯¶ᶨƽ˵˾ͽԼȥ
˾ͽȻ֪Ƕͬʱȥһ˱ʣû˰㷴֮ԵͷҲû˵
֮ǰЩ飬ǲȥ˵ģһΣ
ûһлһ磬ֱǰȥתۼ˴⣬̧Ų̤ڣ
һƬڰְ谭ۣǶʶҲӰ죬޷ɢֻ̫ܻ֮࣬ء
ģֿԿܺ޴ĺӰǵһ㣬ֻǴ˵̫
ڸһƬΨǰ΢ĽŲ𣬸֣ǰŮڽԶȥ
ʱŲͻȻʧһĵ
ʲô֡
ֳ֡
ŮӺ૵
ٴΰ־ɫ糣ȴǼΪ裬ԪתȫвԱ̷
֮⣬üĵĿ¶˵ûд򿪣ֻһڴıԴ֮ͻɢ
ǰŮӣּΪɵΪ˵ﵽ˿ϹɷӳڵʵŮӣףԼǶ֡
ֻЩ飬ΣգҲҪȥ⣬֡
ĬУŮӷǰһӣһ˸⾧Ѱ֮âͬө˲Ϣ֮С
ʵĹֿڵľ̵
ڷۣ޴ĵϸȥЩһ𣬳֮ܰ⣬ǰһ֪ԸΪߵ̣͸һ˿⡣
ֻܵһɢ̱ܵĺڰɣһֻ̺˵ڣʹõһֹ֮С
һӣӼΪӢ䣬òã˫Ŀ¶֮âϣŻۣһԵĹ
ǻž֮¶֮ò˿˵ǾֹȻԸ޷
֮⣬е̶ƲֻƲ㲢ǰɫǺɫ̾ǵ͸һϡ
ֿ˫ĿһɲǣкһϢֱϡ
Ϣ֮ǿִδйˮӡӶԶԶڣصĵߣָҲѷ
Ϣ֮ǿγһεĳֻǿһۣӲһѪӼٵˣԪҪȴķ֣ԪȻǰͲת㣡
һεѹʹԪոһ̱ǿаסƾҲ޲
ԪǰҪ
ִ󺧣˿̵ֻԼĻصȫѪҺֹͣ˲ϢѪҺͬ񣬾Ȼȥ
޵һǧٶδǴδ˿̣ȴݲ룬Ԫ޷תѪҺӿ֮£̲
һѹҪڵϣҪ֮
¶⣬ͺй֮Ȼ
񣬲أηУΪ֮һ壡


1010 
֮ˣùڹ֮ȫ˲䣬վֱӣĿ磬ڶǵ˫
̾к¡¡𶯴ȫֲУ˫Ŀ¶֮ɫ
¼䣬ûпù֮УУ㣬ҲУüĹǵ㼱תڸ֮˵δǿȴڲϵѹ£ı
ǿ˸Ĺֵ֮ͬɽ壬ֱվһɲصϢǺޱı
ǵڴѹԿ
ϢĲȻڻصγһɷ籩ںɨʹٴ˺
ͺͣ½Ųǵһ̣Լִƻһ㣬Լ

͵̧ͷŭһ𣬾춯أһ鶼Ҫ˱ܣûʸǰ
ŭдĶ̾к¡¡ıΧĴƺܲסŭ֮һ㣬ŭ֮£ֽŲ̧ǰݺݵ̤һ
һƼ򵥣ɶ˵ȴǼΪѣǿ˼ѹ£˱ϢУΨһ֮·ˣͱʾڲϵغУ޷תôǳ׵׵ˡ
죬֣ͲΪĹ
һ̤Ըܵдµ֮һ̤ǵѹֱӶԿûаأ
һУȴǷڵĹ񴫳У
˺ʮٲ²˺󣬿ͣԭأ˵ûаܣȴ̫ӹӹֻ֮˳ˣ
һȻͬͱʾŷʾ棡
һǵ֮ϵ˲Ϣ䱩ɽֺݺݵѹ£ַ
һֱѪӺëȴΡٴһ
Ϊޣ춼棬˶ҷ˺󣡡һϣͬ̾иѹ
ŵߣϦߣһ֮ģһƲ֮кη壿Ψһ
޷ѹ£ȫѪ˿ͬһѪˣȴЦЦ͸УΨҶĲ֮⣡
һ̵֣ȫͨһҵ˼һɨնϣʣµģֻ֮һ֣
ȡʶ֮ʱǰ֮ͬأֱ֮·棬һѹƣԼڸǵ棬һΣųеѤ
һУ
ЦУһ̤µɲǣڵѹ˲Ϣɢһգûгֹһ㣡
£ŮĬĬ֣ɫ¶ӡ
ֻǳЦسɢ
֮ǰһ˲䣬Ͳµ֮˭òڵ˪Լмơ
ǽһ񣬱ӵǿѹ֮ˣֻһ
ɵأֱȻˮ͸ղŵһ̣ܵΣǰδУǹ֮Ǵ˿ͻᱩе
Ŀ˺â˰Ůϡ
ͨ˿飡Ůӵͷ
㣬˭ƽĿڡ
ɵ۰֮һ̡Ů̧ףŵĿ¶ͣŨŨ
һ̾ǰһӣȻһשȻƯ
һ֣֮ʹЩשȫգŮ֮䣬һ󷨡
ϣû˵ש󣬺Ȼһǿ֮ڰƣǵ˸
Ӳ˼ģǿеǵ㣬ǾֹڻƶһĻ˫Ŀһ
֮أһɸķʽƯǿգ֮Ļãʵ
߽ڣͿԽӡ֮أ򿪣Ϳɽɸˡ
ɸڣɵرչ֮ĿӵǿϷԵשɵϡ
ŮӳĬɵ۵֮ʱˡ;б֮㿪ɸˡ
ԭûڵģֻȴĸڣĸͬʱ򿪣֮ڣһͨȥչ֮
ӵжִ˪֮ʬ֮ˣҲֹ㡭ͬ飬봫Ҳ֡Ů˵ţ̾һתӰУ˹¶ꡣ
֮ˣǺ⣿ַɿʵ
лԵ֪ġŮӵڰС
ǰΪβͬȥԶ˵
һӽڰеİŮӣһ٣ֵϣ¶ɬȥˡ
˵ţӰ׵ڰУʧˡ
ָ֪ĵطŮ߳ɫпɬڣУɢ׹⣬ֻǴ˹⣬ȴڰںϣ˿κιâ
׹УŮӽͣӣ˫֮һƬɫɫܿͰȫûڹâһ֮£Ůʧˡ
ȡ֮ģһ伫ΪĻ䣬ʢ
дģֻһ껨ɡһ̤ⶴĻɡ
ǻţֻȴ͸ɫ˭ҲĺڰС
ֳĬУϷĴһΣ̤ڡ
ֻٽǰֵĿԶĺڰУƿһЩʲô
ӽ봫󣬴˸âֵӰʧڡ
ʱչǰģһõĿռ䣬һӴ󷨣̻ڵϣֻмλãһɫʯ顣
Ĺ۲ܣ߽ӴڣʯǰƬ̺һĴ̵õɸԿףѸٷɳ
һɳ㻯˿˿̣ʯڡ
˲䣬Ӵ󷨣˹â֣һĴƮλã󷨣ת
תɲǣȻֵ΢ϵֻоǰһʱȫ
һ̣ȫ֮УֻһͷƿκһƣԲٿһС
Ǵ
˾ͽϣ˵ϱԭѾʧĸӵˡ
һӡӡͷ׼ȫʧԶ˾ͽϣüͷֽǴڣʱ̾裬ĿǺâ˸
ʱȻ˾ͽɫһоһʶԼɨʶϤ
֣
˾ͽϵӣʶɨʧӰʱȻվӴ֮ϡ
Ѿ״򿪣׼Ϊ㣬ǻֵص£ϵ󷨣̾ҵ˸
ͬʱ֮ڣͬ˾˵ı仯


1011 쾳
֮ڣ֮һƬƽԭ˿ƽԭеգͻȻӿı仯
Ʋ˷۶ƺХԶԶĴմƺܲƬ̼䣬һӵƽԭͻȻն
֧֮صأдĺ֮䲻ϵգĲƻصĳ֮ɢʹƲ
һֱյˣһȦȦ⻷ɢ
ֵɲǣһŨŨǹɢ˲Ϣ˽ɵ֮ء
Ʋڣмֻªĺжǡɨ⼸ֻһУӿֳ˿˿ɷɢ
ȥ⼸ֻȻһ䣬Ȼ˼ͷɫɺף鶯ϲõХ£ȶ򣬻ĻΣԶȥ
֮ڳεЩ֮ԴȪ˿ɢ֮ϱ˾˵һĻ
֮Уĳ£̲˼ҵײˮݣ仯
ֻǴ˵صʵ̫ŨһӿֶͲԶԿܿͱ޾ѹ
ŹڲӿִշԲڣ֮£ȴҲʹ޷ȫѹơ
ڣ⣬£γһƽ⣬޷ɢҲ޷롣
ʱ֮صڣԼӣͷĿӣϥڵ֮
˫Ŀأһûκԥһץǰնʱһ϶֣ڷɳƬ̣֮ڶԿԼ֡
˲죬Ͱѵ֣ͨϷԭѾ߹ڿǵˡ˽һ¡Ĭһָĵĺɫʯ顣
һƺʯѸڡ
ʯһ𣬶ʱ󷨿
֮֮˵ڣ˿վ䣬Ʋ֮һεضŹĲɲǼ޾Ĵ
ȥź¡¡ľ죬Ũ˲Ϣ֮صһչײ
˿̣λĹ˻ӳ̷ıͼţ
ͬʱ֮֮ʣһֱȥ緢֮أչһ֮ս
ϥڵڶڣſ󷨣ɫƽȴһ֮â΢ɲһ
졭ӳĬϲŭκ˼
֮Ⱥ֣֮ؼ󲿷ǿߵע⣬ľұ仯Ϊ֮֡
ûκα仯֮أƺֵһ̣ı仯
ɢϵɢзֳսϵײ֮صգ˶֮⣬ȫһƬʮɫ֮С
ֻǴ˵صĻ£ʵ̫࣬һڵȻǲԺ֮ء
˵صһڣɵ¶ƽվڷӡ֮ǵĽ£Ӵ󷨣Ρɫ糣ȴһ˿ѹƵļ
һ졭ڵȵˡ
վԱߣסΡ֣һΣǻɹġ
ﻮôãһαҪɣΡ˵ͷ
˵󣬻һɫӰһ֮Լ͸һּΪϤϢ
֮ء˭֪֣쾳Ρ̧̾ڵĺʯһģʯ˸âǣ󷨣ת
ݱգǬ֣ΡĿ¶⣡
֮֮ȻһХ߳أӣ޾֮ɢ
һ˲䣬֮ضĸλĵ˾䣬˴˽֮£γһ޴󷨣
Ȼ֮ǰҪŨĳ̶ȣɲǼأһķ籩֮غɨ
ɨ֮ɫطĨȥ˻ҳ¶һƬĺɫһֲڷ籩ɨУ¶̵ѿ
һƬ಻ĴУ籩ĺɨһԭĴ֣ԭһſͬľʱһУָԭӣΪһſֱͦľľ
һЩޣҲ籩ɨУ׷ײһͷŶǵĺڻڵϣ˫Ŀ¶Ĺ⣬ǰˮ˳£ǰһȺС¹ЩС¹ͨɫڱ˴˺ҧûа˳
ǺڻҪһ˶ɲǣ籩һɨ
һߣڣĺɫݣҲָɫȺ໥˺ҧС¹ҲڲУһſڵأɫȥ˱ɫ͸⡣
׼ȥĺڻҲӲͷĶǱɢɫӣ˲Ϣ˰ɫһƣ治ڣȡ֮һ鶯
籩ɨƬ֣ĸоУ׵ĸıԶԶȥɾ
Сӣ˵峺ˮȴǷʳʱ䳤ˣȻȻоͻۣıʡ
µҲУĹƴСŷݣװһ˺顣
˿ɷɨ£һƬߣСӸ峺˵֮ˮҲ˸
ڵһУиı䣬߲֮ɫ˴Ϸζ
ǴȥĿ֮أɷɨһжڱ仯
·籾͸ˣֻǰΪһʣʹô˵Ϊ򣬶ڣĵȫ³˴˵أۻٵɢ
һа֮ѩڰ㽥ȡ֮ҲɿĵһĻͷ·ǰڸס֮صɴݺݵ¶ڵò
һǣһ鲿䣬ؼɨУ̳׵ĸı䣬һ˵֮ˣ׷¶ʹ֮ɫ·վӣ׷׵ڵϡ
ɷɨȥԭһڻڶǣѹǵϣеģȫϢã
ĴϵɢԽԽŨأɨ֮£գҲ
һŨ£ƺȫɢ
ȥɽˮɺ׷裬˻أ飡
쾳
»ָԭò쾳ڣȴȻмطʯҲΡ벻
쾳ڣһɽУˮ̶ڣһŸֶ֮պɨĿ¶Ĺ⡣


1012 ɸ
غơû뵽䶴ɲǣȻ˾˱ʡû飬˿̶Ȼᱻѹƣ
һڶѾûйϵ֮ٴλָɵ꣬Ҳް򿪣һΣһɹ
ħɵۣұˣ֣֮Ťֱӳˮ̶ջһâȥ
ɷɨȴٽɲǣ̱âɣȻâ֮⡣
쾳ڣһ۶·Ҧϧѩϥ͵̧ͷ̧ͷ˲䣬ɷɨɲǣ̾͸ܵĿ¶Ĺ⣬̰Ȼ䱬
γһӴУɨϵȫڣѸٽա
ҦϧѩһΣ˶ʱʧԭأʱȻվ˰գȫòǱϢȴŨ
һͣٺ̻âֱǰȥ
һطҲͬ±Ǳǻڵڣ
ڣʯ֮ХҪʯڵɢһХ̴ʯڴ
ٵɲǣӣ׷׸ܵХеĽ뺬壬˴죬ڵӣȫʩչᦣ޷ĻǶʱڶڣ֮£ɽеĺɫʯ̱
ڶǣǺХɷԿֻɷ̫֮󣬺ɨ֮ʣھͬŭеĹۣʱԱ
ڵˣ׷״¶֣̿Ȼҧ֣
ʱͻȻǳеɷ磬һ־Ȼиı䣬ӵԼ־һ㣬ûмڣܻУڵֿɷ硣
ںΪһɷһ٣δǿгǴƹ˲Хȥ
ڵɷУѸȥٴںڣһͬɨء
ɷ쾳֮ʱϱĵɢѤĹʣһʹڹâ֮С
ĵǱ˴˱ӣ쾳ڣ֯һ
յ쾳ٴο˱Ӧڵķ֣֮
һɲǣĵ˴֮мλãҲ쾳ĵ㣬ѤĹƣŷֵ֮ٴοԭһɽݺ֮أʱ˱仯
𶯣һɽ´Ƭʯĳ䣬ƮգԶԶȥһƬҳڸһС
ҳУһɽʯ¡¡˴룬ɢɫâȴһ֮һ֮£ʯȫ¡
գһХ춯أΪϣһ˫Ŀ͸޾ı䡣
֮󣬵һɽڶзͬʱϵɽѸ࣬Ƭ̼䣬һ½ڰУƣһХصأ֮
֮£໥һϹ˸У̻һԲε󷨣ɾɣ󷨳ֵɲǣ쾳ڣʱ
ƮڰգϹ˸ǾԶҲĿ⡣
⣬˿һŤȴ˻ûӣڶм䣬ɫƽ˫Ŀȴоһ
˳ֲã̲ԶŤ֮û߳һˣ
ڴ˳ֵ˲䣬˫ĿߵҲ̧ͷĿ߳ϡ
ɫƽһȭƽ˵˼ӵѡ
΢΢һЦͷ룬ϷҲһ
Ŀ⿴Աߵľ󷨣ƽ˵Ϸһ֮ղ󣬲ӵѼӦް
˽̸У󷨵һͬʱλóŤȴɵһлû
ɵӰ档ܣ˾ͽ븡ӵˣͬʱ֣ɵ໥
ֳֵɲǣΡӰһϸĿһۣĿ¶пο
Ŀɵϣ֮ǰȴϤֻӰȴһ۾ϳˣ
ΡĸȤĿһۣ΢Ц˵Կ׵֣
ɫ糣ȴǽǰӣ͸ΪߵǸŮӣΪĪ⡣
ɵ£ִҦϧѩ֪ôһԵ´ڣҰѳһδ˿̱ףɵ£ؾˡ
ǡƽ˵
Ρߵĺ꣬ΡЦǵĴģˡ
ΡЦͷЦ곱ϫԨڴĽƣ㲼ã˵ţΡһӣжһСݡ
Сݵ˲䣬ֱϳԼ겼õһƣɫһͷ
ηͣ޷óĽơΡ̾Ŀ¶͡
ǰˡֱȭĿΡӰһɨ
Ŀ⿴ɲǣ˫Ŀ΢ɲһ
ס
ʱͻȻԶХǰߣðĸӣǧʥŮҲڡ
ٽ󣬻ܣǼӣϸĴһɵ£¶΢ЦǶһͷԱߡ
ɫ糣üͷȴһ¡
ڴ֮ԶٵӰУں«֮ϵ֮ǰһĺӣѸٽ«Ŀһɨڿɵʱ˫ͫһĬƬ̣Աߡ
һĺӣһﲻվһԱߡ
ĿһǺӣڴˣһ仰û佻̸ֻԼܸܵԸӦǹƧϲ˽ӽ
Ŀֶӣһοڣƽ˵ҽȥ
һ˵ͷ
Ϲ£תһ̣ͻȻһŨԶȻֱ֣˵ض
˲Ϣ䣬âٽӰֻⱻƣգŮ޷ֱ档
Ӱֵ˲䣬ȴһ͵ؿȥ˿̣ӰҲ֣ͬ޵Ŀ͸ֱͬ֡
ֻƬ̣˵Ŀջأû˵վԱߡ
ɫ糣һͷĿ⣬ȴԶɫһ˿ڴ
ӵĿ⾡ͷһµĹͷ꣬òΪӢԼи͸һ֮
ͷ⣬ûа˿ͷϣƣ˿һ۾Ϳ֣Цϵܣˡ
ޡɫƽͷ˿á
ͷĳ֣ʹĿʱһͫ׸͵һɵ£ҲĿкâ΢
Ψӣǽ¶һ˿΢Ц
תƣ󷨵ľһ£֮ϵϹȻҵ˸ѷԲȫǡ
âת˲ţӰʧ



1013 ħӰ
û֪쾳ɵرչ֮һʲôĴڣС֪
˵أڵ꣬ҲΨһ˿Խ룬˲ڣΥ߱
Ů˪ṳ̂벽쾳ĵΪؾ֮
˿̣쾳еϹɢʧȥӰ
ϹУһַ屻ɢƬ֮Уָоǹ죬ȴûаʹ
ʱ㣬ʵֻ˲ϢֵӰһİ֮ء
һƬɳһۿߵľͷХɳʶƶʱ໥ת٣һɨ
գҲǻ谵һƬ·һĻ̧֣ͷʱ䳤ˣбѹ֮С
վںɫɳϣգɫһƬ
ʶɢԸ֮صʶȻԵڡʶΧڣ֮䣬ֻһ˴ڡ
ƺˣȫɢ˴˺
ĬƮ𣬵ƯʮɵɲǣɫȻһ䣬һΣԥѸ£ĿһʱɲǼǰ
ֵܳ˲䣬һ£ֱֶٶ̫죬̾ܡ
һ̵ˣڵһ˳ʮɣͣĿ¶⣬˼ȭֱǰһ
Ӱûһȭ̺֮˹֮ǻһ
ֻıûи˫Ŀ̺ͫˡ
ǱĻδɢɲǼ仯ʮΪĻʮֱֶȥ
֮£ӲϵĺˣǻȴٶԽԽ죬׷ᣬϵسУ˵ȫܵס͸ĴȻ𶯲ѡ
ˣһֱ˵ǧ⣬ۿЩһٽſ³һԪֱ֮ȥ
໥ײɲǣȭٴǰһһȭһ¡¡ֵٴγ֡
ʮọ̈̄ͻٵأͬһ֡
⵽ʲôͷƤ飬һγȭ֮󣬵ڶΣȴ˾޴ķ֮˿ȭ顣
˵ܿʧȴٴȭ
ٺѸٻȫֿٵϵĳ
ҰĺɫɳĮڣֵӰͬһֱߣϵӶݣĺ󷽣ٵ׷ֵ˺󣬵ϵɳغۼ
˲ƣûκôسɴ磬ҲѾʩչ˵ãȴ֪ΪΣʩչ̤֮أһ磡
ոֹ֮ֿЦӶۿЩǲݵ׷¶ɱ⡣
͵תһָգͺȵ磡
Ȼ֮޷ݻٴѡͨ
ֳڵɲǣ谵ؼ䣬ʱŨܵĺڷХͷ
ֻǣͷûɲǣ̻谵жʱ粨ӿĺ棬Ȼһ䣡
һۿȥУӿֳ֮ĻЩХγһصĻɫ磬һɨ֮£ĿɿڴУȻѺ绯ͷڡ
ͷƤ飬ٴӶݣǻɫŻϵ룬ԽԽռﵽǧɴСںֱ׷ȥ
Ӷе֣Ըܵ˿˿һģڲϵ׷У֮Ȼʱ޿̶лؼɢڡ
һ׷ԽԽ
⵽ʲôҧ֮£ʱй֮ûһ䣬֮ȫڣƾŹ֮Ӱʧʱȴ˰⡣
ֻаɾ룬˵ȴ˹ϣɵľ룬˵ֻɲǣͲʹӶݡʩչϧĹ֮ҲС
ҪߣҪֹֹͣͣʱ䲻Ҳһϣ
͵ػͷڴһģ̱ʮѴ󽣺Х
ʮѴ󽣳ֵɲǣʱγһֱ׷ȥ
ɲʹʮѴٽɲǣִȵ
ڵ˲䣬һѴɢԵϢȻ䱬γƬֱ磬ͬʱܵд󽣣ͬʱ
֮УƬɨĳڣʹ֮٣һ٣
ʹѸһʧԭأʱڰ⣬һ֣ٴһ
ڼ̵ʱŴ˸ֳ˽ǧ⣬ɫȴûɣһ֮£ٴ׷
һɬҧ֮һץǰһѺȻ֣ץȥõìɫεУû
ì͵һף
ì˲Ϣٽ磬ֱӴ͸룬ϻԵϢȻ䱬¡¡ľУض𶯡
磬
һʱֺԥٴʩչ֮ϵ˸ƶ£ֱӿʮΡ
ɫȴһĻ԰
ֵǱ磬Ȼһתۼ仯ʮͬС磬Хֱ׷
뾡һз޷ʹɢԽԽ࣬һսǵһ
ΪȻһ۾Ϳ粻ãÿһʵ
ܴɢʩչͨʩչһٴα̾ͻữ٣ʱܱܣ
Խ׷ԽǲϵؼӿֶĻʱ޿̲׳ףԹ֮Ҳֻܱ־Ƭ̣ʱһܿͻᱻ
ȻܱܣӲͣ£ٸ׳ʱ䣬ͣµɲǣ֮Ȼȫڴ֮ȴɲǼ䣬ֵ޵ʹ
ٴγ֣
ɵӣƺһ֧أü֮ǵ㻷ƣʮХɲǣһŭ죡
ȥӶݣһȻʧǰһ֮ǰ
쾳һľƵţʺˮˮʱӰƯζ
ľϣϥһˡ
˿òԼܿȫһףһŨĺ͸ɭħħ֮Ũʹô֮ħ
һʼϥǰƯһСƿƿľסװ֮
˭ǵһ֪ж꣬ûƷ˵ѪˡеӰ˫ۣ¶һɽѪ촽ɳзͷĦ
ϸǷϢǷһ¡ɣ


1014 ׷1
ɵĹʹô˿̵֧ͬصľˣ֮˸䣬Ȼһǰ
粻һ֮ǰѾ˽ѵ
˿Ӹһ֣ĿһͺԲδܣֱӲ磡
ҵҪ֮ҹȣжǿ
ХٶȾˣɲǾٽ֣ȻֱӾϡĽӴʹֶʱַӵĸо
ǾлаĿ磬˺ȫҪԼķ֮ڡ
ȫϣϵ˺ڣ̾ľصֵӸ֮£˳
˺ɲǣ֮ٴһʧ˰⣬ܿĵĳ
ɫأ֮ļԼ壬Գܼ֮
Ѱʿ¶ȻķѣԪ޷ӳҵĹ֮ǰҲܵʹ磬ʲôֳĬĿ˸â˿ǰٴκХ
һ̻ûɴСת
ҵĹܣӦÿԻ磡һֱȥ
ǰٶ죬ٽ˲䣬Ȼǰܣ֮ص£˸
޷ķ֮ʹֲò˺ͬʱоŵХ˺ɲǣǰٴײ
ܻУֵһ˺һˣûֹĲײ£һˡ
ŵȫɢ֮ʱѾ֪˳˶ԶǹҲǶѣ˿粻ϵسУ赲ϴľʹȴֶͷ亹
ΣûнǰʮХʮ缸һֱֶȥ
Թ֮ܿٶ£Ҳ޷ֿ
䣡
춯صɲǼصʮ缸ͬʱܣȫɢһɻ֮ʹȻ䱻ѹ£塣
һһѪӿȴѹ£δӷߵķݣ͵ȥ
ǧ⣬ֵӺȻ£һɻεĳܷƶƬĺɫɳգڸأ֮ЩɳŽɢ
һ޴ӣֵĹѾСˣ¶Цվӣ߳ӡ
ƽ̹ĺɳĮĺһ¶֮ɫ
ǹǵһܵ˻粻֪ʲôˣٸһηѵĻᣬգҵֿס뱾ںϺ󣬿뾻ʿһս
ԭΪԼΪ˾ԼϹ⣬Ѿ㹻İȫǹǿ
˿̣ȴǸܵΣܵĺɳĮֺƻص˵Ĺ֮أҪΪһ󣬾ͻɱ֮
Щ̫ˣΪ뱾룬ȻҵĽֳĬݺݵһȭͷ¶֮â
Ŀ⣬Ѿܾûд¶˿̵֣ɳĮΣٴһĽСġ
ɵضΣķаҪʱ̽ʱʱ裡ʶûȫɢСơ
ǰȥ
ǣȻ뵽ˣǻĳ֣˵żȻļʣܴĳ̶ȣԼʶɢ
ʼǿֿԵֻֿھȴԼԼʶٴɢֵľͲǻ֮
ָоһǧ޵Уضһ˿
Ƭ̣оһһĴ֣һ֮ᦲ򿪣һץбһǡ
һɫᦵѾûǣֺ̹Ʈߣᦣüһ㣬ʱʶЩ
ЩԥһΣֱǰȥһ־ǻȻԶδɢʶһ
Զǻϵʶʱɢɢһ˲䣬һǿҵΣɲӿֲ˼жϵ
һ˿ʶϵжϵһ̣Լкƿǻ֮зӿһҹֱ˻ϣһɲǣɢ
亹ֶͷڳ׼ʶжϵĿ죬ﲢδ˵ر仯ԶգͷƤ飬ǵͻȻֵĻҹ⾡˲ʧָоȴǱʮмһҪ
Ĭ˺ܾãתɫĻĮǰУʱ佥عȥûк֣֮Զǻɵķ
һµʱ䣬Įڣ߳˺ԶԶһµʱ䣬ûпκˣһ嶼ûп
ûֲǰԶǹͺͺĺɳʱ䳤ˣľƺ
ֵɫ֮ͷ·һأһΣڽһֶľ
ʿ뷲޷ȣǳȥҲгӰԪԸ˵ǻħ
ħ֮ͬʥأΪȻֻգȴǻΪԪ񳹵ħΪûʶħˡ
һ·ĬǰУһδǹĻֻֿΣȴǲδɢԼϵǰУΣԽԽŨ
Σֺĸоһ΢ʶ紵һӹֻƾȥ̽Ҳ޷ҵʶĴ֮
շУһڣһóǳգǻճʮɺȴϢ
˫ŲڵϵɳϣɫԽԼһɺ沿ֵֻ˫ۣȴһƬ峺
֪˾ͽΡ˾ͽ޽ħͬһ£ջ񡣡
ֳĬУ̧һץ̱˿˿֮ϡ
еĺɫţϣܵһ˿ɢħϢ
ħĿһֺݺݵһ
ʱɫűɢתۼ˷ԲɣɢֽŲȻһ٣ͣŰɢĺ˫Ŀ鶯
ֳƬ̣ǰС


1015 ׷2
֪ԼҪߣޱ޼ʵĺɳҰĿȫһһֲ嶫ΨвϵǰУѰĳ·
ʱһţתУֹȥһ£Ѿµ֣ȫɢŨĺЩ֮£ԶԶȥݣͬһħ
ĽŲǰС
һգֱ˫ۣǰɫûа仯ʱͻȻɳԭԶһ΢ʶɨԼٶȣɲǼȥ
ھŴΡֽŲδͣ
µʱ䣬ѾǵھŴʶɨѹģŴʶȫһȻǾŸˡ
Ϣʶջأٴδӹɫƽûвһ㣬ǰȥ
ʶջ̧֮ͷԶĿ˸૵
ɳĮУû½棬׾ͻʱĴڣϰ˹¶įᷢ衣
ĶȣʮĴǵ֮صİ꣬ԶԶĳ˵Ĺ¶įʲô
УӰʧԶԽԽԶӰĹ¼ţ·͸еļį
һˣһ磬ĬĬشڣĬĬȥûоͷ
һ¡һ¡һ¡ɳĮУ˰꣬꣬ѰʿԿԷ裬ⲻǴɣǲϵǰУ֮أµĳȫһϵѹ
ֻǣһУ֣ʲô
ɫɳĮ޾ԶһʶɨһӶ
һɲǣ͵̧ͷ¶⡣
ʮҵħҲ㹻ˣ
˿̵֣ȫƣԶԶȥħ죬ͬһźɫĻ棬ɳĮȼա
ʶһɨԶԶʧ
ϢʮʶԼٶȣѸٽֵɲǣȫħһ˲䣬Ȼ
ȴ˰꣬˰꣬۲˰꣡УĬĬصȴֻȻγɵħ˰ʱ䣬ڼҪʱ̽ħԪ񣬴˿̣һУڵһɲǣˡ
ħȥһĻͬҪ죬ڰлһ޴ħӰǴԱصʶݺݵһ̣
ɵһ˲䣬ʶ̱һֱħ̵һ˲䣬ֿĸܵһɱԪ˳ħӿ֮С
ʶһЩ֪ԺַȻħӶݣۿҪԶԶȥ
е˫Ŀһݷ˰꣬ȵľһ̣һмƻĿǰΪֹ֮ڡ
ʶӶݵ˲䣬˫Ȼ쿪һ˰ĵͺȻȻ
һɲǣȫĺħͬ籩ȫڼգһƮ˿̵վڵϣɢڰշۣת۾˷Բɡ
µ֣޾գ¶˱ڸ˰ݣ
κһϤ֮ˣڿ˿̵ֺ󣬶ᵹ
˿̵֣ɣһͷȴīһ㣬޷ԶգȻذȥէһͬƤǣ
˫Ŀۿǰһ˿˿ɫѪܸ֣֮£ʹֿȻʿһħޣ
֮⣬һ֮Уʹ˳׵ò䣡
ħۣԭ˱仯ԶԶ۳ӴħﵽħҪʮ꣡
֮һ㣬ΪͲһʿһǧ޵˵ħߣǻħָһǻԼһ˲Ϊħޣ
һּ֮ʩչͨ
˫쿪֮£˫Ŀ¶ɱϷħǼתⲻϵɢ
ʶҪӶݵɲǣ˱һ
һ֮£޾ħתкȻͬǰеħСһѵһ˲䣬Լٶɢ
ɢ̫֮죬ֻܿħӿ̾˷Բʮڣʶ̱С
ˣдﲻֵҪƻĵڶˣе
ħɢʮ˲䣬ҽǰݺݵһ̤һһӣͬһ磬һٶȣֱǰȥ
ͬʱ沿ɫѪ䶯ħϵɢָ֮£һָħȻָգ
軯ħ֮ٿյħħɢ֮лͣǰƶʹʼնħ֮¡
˿һƬ֪Լǿ̲ݻ䲻ݷʱÿһϢԼħɢħȫɢҵɢʶ֮ˣݷͻʧܣ
ٶȴﵽ˴죬˻һǣֱǰʶĶԷȥ
Ǵ¿ȥĿ⾪˵һĻֻһƬεħʮﷶΧǰԼٶƶֻ⻷εħȴڷɿɢ
ħ£һӰ磬Ϳκʵ֮òΨвӰƬƬ
ɳĮУҪ뿪һɨʶǹؼֻֲʶȥ׷٣˵֪ΪζԷʶɢ仯ֲܳԡ
ֻֻ̣еȴûʱȥʮ꣬ˣ˵ȥ˾ͽϣҲȥⶾ
һУڰǰԼ۳һ˿ħħ̻ưɣڣһɲǣ̱ܵ˰ھȻһֿ״̬
УԼ򣬳ɢʶȻ赲ɣһûκα仯
һ֣ΪãȻеһš
Ϊ˻۸ħΪ̴ʱ䣬Ȼѡ˻ħָÿεʩչʹħٶȾͬħޡ
⣬˽հħֻǴۣȴҲǺܸߣò䲻˵ⲻϵħ£ħ
˿ٶչֱǰʶɢʮڣħɢ̶
ʶɢħڣͬûκαʣףֻҪԼʶħƣɢĶһЩȻɳĮı仯
ǰʵʱǵĻҹ⣬ּ£
˿ǰУʶǰʶ̶̵Ϣʱ䣬ħлħָٿأȻΧɢ˿ֻʣ˲һ롣
ٿһЩҧĴ
ǰӶݵʶ˿Ȼһ٣룬ֱնȥ
жˣĿ˸ϵ˶Էжжһ˿ʶȡ֮ز֡
ʶжϵɲǣһѪѪ˲ҫĿһͷѪУֱǰһȥ
Ѫݣ
Ѫ֮廻ȡһּ˵ٶȣǰ磬֮ûʩչΪ׷ϵؼӿֶĻٶȻԽԽ죬Ѫֻ֮Ƕʱ䱬ٶȣ޷ãһջ޷ѡ
ѪһٶȱȥǱжϵʶǷ򲻸ģֱǰŻϿѾСֻһСħһѭǱжϵһ˿磬׷ᣡ
Զһ޴ĺӰĳֵĿ⾡ͷ


1016 Į
ӰĿԽճ׵չǰ
˫ĿͫһӰϤǳϤ
һɫĸ̵ĺɳĮϣħɢδٽԸܵǿ˷Ϣ
ĺһΣ֮ڣһ֮±õʱЩ
ڶж޷ӹ֮ͨɹĴ̼ͻ᳹ʧʵɢħ֮
ɢħ건˵ħоɢħֻ֮һҲΨһ֮صһû뵽ɵصĶȻɢħڣĿһȻֹ
ɫ죬ʩչѪ֮ı֣֮ͣʱлƵħҲȫɢˡ
ɵ۶ɢħҹ޼ǰϵ֮ǰ˵ɵɽ֮ڴ˵رչأ
֮Ӧþǹħڿɲǣ绮һƬ
ͷӿ֣Ŀ¶⣬ԼưյһЩߡ
֮ڣޱ˷ֳ˾ŷݣӡ֮ؾŸطԭӦɾ֮أȴ˭ѹ޷ӡΪ֮ڣֻɢħ޹ħ
ħģǰ˷ħ֮Ȼɵرչ֮
ԺȻʣ
һɣ˿̿ħ޵Ĳ²⣡
ɢħ֪ڵΪܷɢħһսԪתѪɵһ˻̱ѹ
¶̣ټħϮʹɱ¶˿̵ò¶
ǰһֱ̤ȥ
ǺƲԶʵƽ̹ĺɳĮУЩ룬ֻ˵Ͳʲô䣬Ѹ
ǰеһ̣ǰضʱɳ˷۶ȴɲǼ䣬ʮ⣬ӵ渡ֳʮɳ֮ˣ
ЩŹӣˣǳֺ󣬶ħХÿһ˵ħڰ໥ۣȻһӰ
һߣ˫ĿĹ˸֣öǰһָ·ʮɳ֮ˣʱͺ
һ֮ͨһ˲أʮɫ֮ͨâ˸ٽ֡
Ȼ䱬ѹ֣ԥһ˲ٽһɳ֮ǰʳֱָӵ˴üġ
һɳ֮һֱӱƬɳɢһء
ܣҲңһΣһϢ̳һɳߣָƣͨһɨ֮ǿܺȻ
˿ʮܵͨȻХٽ̬â˸ֱֶȥٽֵɲǣĿһȴֱӻûɨ֮֮춯ء
һͨȫֹһ⣬ûаڣͬ磬ǰʳָɨһܽѸٵ
䣬ֵǰУδֹͣÿһһܱ
ϵŨһΣһɳǰһԾһ̣ڿͷݺݵһץǾ֮ڿգȴûгʮɵļޡ
磡˲䣬Ȼɿħûһָ
¶𾪣ղŵһĻʵ̫죬ͻûüӦ˺ɱѾǰ֮꣬ԼҪħͷ
ȴ֪ɳĮİ꣬ħۣʹֵħԣٴα
һ磬ɫɳĮڷ𣬻ͷֻһΣͷ˹ı仯
ͷͷȻԶгضǳ֣ڵݣȫڳɭɭݣһ۾ͷƤ飡
ﻹʲôħ
ͷħûδ㴵磬͵һԱߵĺڷ磬Ȼȫ뱻ͷɡ
ɺڷ磬ͷϴֻ֮ĵɫȻͷϡ
ײֻǳһС룬̣ȴͷħħ
һĻ˵ߣҲһ㶣˿ûȥ˼ֻһ仰ص
ʲôħ
һָͷħХֱħ߶ȥɫ˲䣬ҧ֮Ҫʩչͨ
һɲǣͷħȻһɾ춯صˣɳȿն
ˣӵһħ⣬ӲҪʩչķȻϣ̺ˣҪصԶĺ
ͷħں׷޴ԼݣǴµˮ޲ˣ
ɱں֮ǰƮȥĸ߶ʼձڶʮ£ͷħҲͬˡ
¶ŨŨĿ־壬źȥΪֻ൱ڿڣ޷ڱĺͷٽ߾Ĵħʹ˾ң
ոմоǰһڣʹʧȥһʶ
ͷħʳһ㣬Щ˴˺ҧһͷһߡǺڣ˿ʮ˷ɳЩһȫźۣͷסƮڰգħ¶֮â
һʮʶղߣ֮һʮһˣڴ˵ʶɨߣǵֻʮʶ
ǰӺڷɳ֮ˣÿһвڵΪǳֵһ˲䣬¶ɱף뿪Ȼһڴ˵أ
ɱǣҲŹԼ
һ֮£ͷħĻУֱЩ˶ȥ
ħЩУһϵһɲǣЩȫ˫üһ㣡
˲䣬һɹħΧĳԼٶѸϿջһõħӰ
ħӰδֲͣ˼һָͷħֱħӰȥţָ¶ɭһ̤ͬһֱǰ˶ȥ
֮ʱһץì˲Ϣ۶һɱ⣬ǰֱ׳
ìͬһɫ磬ɲٽ׷ħ˵Ӱײһ
һضڲյĻ谵ƺҪ
ħɢìҲΣ۶ħӰһŭγһǿҵĳʹ̵ȥ
ŭ֮ħӰŤķѣͬٻħӰĺˣһҲӲУһһ
Ǳɲǣһ֮죬ֱӱЩǰֺɨУһ˵ͷЩͷӸ죬кơ
ǵͷдãֶֻʮɵĺĿ˶ˣλãĿϢ䣬վһˣ
ˮɢħڤɱңлõɵɽͼ֮Į̣


1017 죨1
ɫף˿˿ħƮ۳һħӰվͷ·ɳĮΪһ塣
ǻɫ׵İ£Ϳ˵òֻܿһ˫۾¶֮â
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أһ˲Ȼ仯谵ͬһֻֻ޴ֱ˺ѣϸɳܵһɱڶǣ̳ȥ
䣬֮޾ǿУ̾һ˿˿ۣ֮ƿ˶ĳϫУֱС
֮ݺᣬƿһУ˳Ǿ󷨳
˿̣ⶴһľϣϥĺ֮ˣǰƯİСƿ̾ҵĲ
ţǺ̴֮˫ĿȻĹ⣬͵̧ͷֻǰһɫУ˿һ˿˿֮ںȻֱƿ
Ȼ֮Ǻ֮͸ȣ
ΪһֻҪӣû뵽ֶһд֮Ĺ˸£Ȼһֻɿݵֱۣǰƿݺݵһ
ʱЩ֮̾ͳ˱Χɢ
ӿ֮ɲǣɳĮڣֹ֮һλص
ȡǬ֮飡
һĹӰȻ䷢һأһ԰ȡɽ꣬ȡǻһ㣬ȡǬ֮꣡
Ǭ޻֮꣬ȴǿԴڳһһ־⹦֮ڹǼǿֻͨΪ֮ͬҲͬ
Ǿǹʩչ֮ȡǬ֮꣬԰һ֮һЩΪãıתǬ
ڱϾֻǣ޷㣬ݣȴȻʹɳĮΪ֮һ
ڶľϵħӰո֮ǰƿΪҵĲһڲϵش
ǶסƿڵĺľȻһЩ·ҪƿУ
֮ˣ˫Ŀ͵رĹ⣡


1018 죨2
һ䡰֮£֮磬ڵԪȴǺȻ֮ںϣ˳˫ɢ
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ȡǬ֮飡ɳĮ籩γ֮˺Хһ˿˿ؼӿֶǰһɫϸߣ
ϸ߱˴˽Ȼγһεķģ
ԶԶһ临ӵĳ̶ȣһۿȥͻЩѣ֮С
֮һ壬֮һ仰˵˲䣬ηɢڰ׶ɫǰƮȥ
ƮеĹУηĲϵطŴվȻǧɴС֮䣬һǽǰƶȥ
֮ص£η֮յĻ谵̵ĺɳҲˣ
Ĺȥһкۼ
أӴޱȵηģɼǰƶǰһдڣȫҪݻ٣
¶ƣĹΪʩչһͨǼ򵥣Ҳ֮ǰΪһֱûʩչԭܷ뿪ڴһսҲʹá
ǽڤӣ˵Ϊ൱ھ˵ͨ뷨ȴǾ춯ء
¡֮£赲ǰİɫС̵ȥ֮ȿն
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˵ţǰһָǵ˵İɫС̷콣һֱӺȻ
һ˲䣬һӰһԶŽ֮⣬Ȼأǽ͸ŲɣڷСٻ£ٺɳĮ
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ֻڵɵˣ󣬱һ˿̺ɵͨĮ̵룬ʹﻯ˺ɳ֮ǰĻɵͨ
оʮŽ磬ÿһڣӵͬĺɳͬ飬ڲ֮ͬһԸ㣬ɵ۵ͨĮ̣ǴӾŸɽͼдĮͼڸǴĮͼڱӡƿнڣ
ԵԿȥֻǣһУҪɱңڤЦһԾȥĿ¶â̧һָգл˵ڤΪƿн飬˱ɵ۴跽⣬ӵһʽɵͨ
죡
ڤһָգЦ̱һɾɫ֮ȼɫ֮Ⱥϣкڰ䡣
˳ڤֱָնȥ˲䣬һƬ֮ڣգͬȼ˻棡
δǺУɫͬʱûɫգһʱ֮䣬ǰһУȫȼյĻ棡
죡
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ȡ֮Ȼ޷ǿ󣬾նճɻҼ˵µһдڣ
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ŨỤ̃ʹ
˿̣ڤĳЦصء
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оɫɫηģԽԽĻ潵٣ҲȼɳĮΪһҪԼηͳͳɣ
Ԫ̫࣬ɫ԰ϥη֮ϣŻĳյɢŷ֮ȫ٣µηģһˣ
˫Ŀһ˫Ȼ쿪ڲԪݺݵһγ𶯣ʹѵη̳ȥ
˵ѣȻ̺˹ͨ˿ܺɨͷޱ޼ʵĻһ籩
籩֮ܳ£̾ͰѴ˵صĻ治ϵƿֹֻһʱһʱ䳤ˣ籩ɢٴλһдȫգ
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ɲǼ䣬һ֮âִɳǰһʶ˵ĺ


1019 죨3
ʺȶ̱֮£һָǰڤʱʺǰƶ
һ֮磬һй֮кĺɳĮȻ
ʺֵһ˲䣬ڤ̱㱻һͻȻֵĿɨѸȥ
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ʺڤ¶һ˿ãȻ˵ֿź˻㱡
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Ƭðϵڤͷ
ʺջĿ⣬ڤԼͷϵİ̺ۣ˫۶ʱĹ⣬૵һûô
һΣ˲Ϣֱֶȥ֮£һָգԶܵĻ棬ʱܵٻۣ̾ͰƶɢηƬûǴˣХ
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ڤѸǰУ֮ϸ̧̺˻棬ٽ̱һӶʱǰֲ˼һǻµ˲ʧԭأʱȻڤ֮
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»âɢһɰֶָ̺֮ˣȴںһѪֱԶĺ
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˴ϣʹƤѳ˿ڣֻȴѪҺ˿̵ͷѣΣѪʧȥ̫ɡ
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һĻڤҲһЦһָأպݺݵһץʱ洫󲨶ɳڻɵĺˮʶڤۡ
˿̣߲ʺȶѸٽֱڤȥ߲֮γһ߲ʷ籩ڤ
ڤĿ˸ץ۶ĺˮϺݺݵһƣ̾Ͱѵĺˮȫγɷ
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ڤüͷħ֮һαȴڱɲǣкһȵ
һιΪֱ˵УǽԻڤԼһʩչʱ
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߲ʷ籩˳˿ȫڣ㲻ʣ
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˿̣֮˷ֱɣ֮£ȫȼĿ˸£ȴǺܿϨ
ҧ֮£һ˸һ֮³˰⣬ֱ̤ڣ֮ԽΪڸղŻ֮£ɳĮһжڣΨ˿δûаӿڡ
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ŻͷԶֻɳĮڣǻ𺣣Ѿûգ̧ͷȥճΪޣʱ¶һƬƬɫ羵Ĺ⻬
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ͷ˿ڱɲǣڤħƬ̱㱻߲֮âǣħ룬¶㱣һجѣ̾ͳ޾ʹ࣬͵̧ͷϿͬɫľ棬¶Ц
ɵۣڤңΪһ˽ħ񣬵һЦ֮£µ޾𣬰ȫ󣬴˻Һֻۣһֻ߲ʺǻз裬ص˺ڣֵߡ
һУֳĬԼһЩ̾ڷĻ𺣲δڣ
ãĿһһĴ֮ǰЩͷȫɳǰƯ
Ŀ¶֮âû뵽ˮʦִڵڤ·֮أ
ЩھħħΪɴһ뿪ͨ
һӣǰЩͷ­ȫ֮£һлһɫУвϵ죬һͨǰ
Ŀһ̷˲ԣתȻŨħӿֶ
һɲǣħָ£һƴͨĳ
һȥ¶𾪣
һħƣǴϷһž޴Σһˣ


1020 ˪
ֱǽڤ·֮ͨƿнͨһ̣ħӿ룬ڤ֮·Ȼͨ˸
ŨŨħħֻǸܵ˰㣬ӵɫд𾪡
һʩչڤ·ȴûϵ򿪵ͨȻָ
һɢħħŨڤ֮˿̣ɢħڤԶԶ˿ڴ֮ͨɢħ
ڵħľħ֮ޣһħ֮ʼ档
ȣɢħڤͷө֮
ͨͷصĴУڱ֮ˣֽһۣͷƤ飬
һ˲䣬ֻԼļΪ֮ͣ٣ԥжڤ·ͨʱһ̳˱
У̸ֳͨʮ֮ǰɱ֮˵ӰһԹĶ֣ļУӰбŤ·Ҫɡ
ڱϵӰ̧ͷһǵĿ⽥͸˳ڱֵͨϣ谵˫Ŀ̾нۡ
ӰĿнɲǣĿһ˲˼ѸٺˣĿ˸ǰû
һ˲䣬ǴϵӰ̧֣һһף
һƹֱежȥڽеɲǣΧı¡¡ľ£˲Żƹ⴩͸߽⡣
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ϣȴ亹ֱĶǰǵƹ⣬˽ľ룬ĿǻƹڣһεĽᾧ
˺󼸲ɫ粻Ĭã̧֣һץ֮£ǻɫνӽġ
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Ŀһüͷɵ۶̫ܶ飬ֻȥ²⣬޷֪Ĵ𰸡
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뵽ڤʩչ֮£̧ͷп⣬Ȼǻȼգء
˵ڸܲˣĿ棬˳£̾Ťתۼͱյ֧飬̫Զ
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УŨŨ棬ĬĬļƬ̣ҧ֮ǰһ̤̾һ
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һģ̴ԶУһЩϣ˫ָ̧סǶĻ磬ԥķߣһȥ
ǻ˲䣬һɸ͵شڱֻ̺Ƭ̣ȫͨ죬͵ſڣһʹ¡¡ĴӺڴȥ
ͬʱĻֺëڳ̾ȼճɻңǻţڡ
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ҵʹ֮£ҧ֣ʹԪں˻Ϊ˻󣬽Ԫ
ֻԪ񣬲ſ̺˵Ԫһ֮˫Ŀ¶ϣԥ˫ǰһ㣬Ԫ֮ϵĹƤףʱڹ룬ֿзɳ
û˹Ƥףں˻ԪʱӿԪ֮У


1021 ȸ
ԪԪ֮ϣ̫ԪֵĲٿ£գҵʹԪӿ֡
һУҧܣȻʱš
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãԪ֮ϵʹʧǻԪҲԪںϣٴγת
ƣ˫ۣ˿ɵĻ𺣣˫۵ɲǣ˳亹ëѸת۾ڡ
ֻһΣֻǸоһȣЩڵĻ̾תԪڣһ塣
ԪһЩ˵ΣգȴУٴα˫ۣһվӣƣһ̤վ棡
糱պ̹ŨֳֵɲǣӿһΣͣʱԶһЩմǻгӤȭͷСĻţ
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ǲһЩüģĬƬ̧̣ŲǰȥǰУԶԶغȻ˺档
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ȶȣӦùˡһգͣ½Ų˿ǰĻ𺣶ʱӿ̾в˳ӿС
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ӵüϣһֻ¶⣬һӡǣһȸӡǣ
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ȸֵɲǣһ˲䣬һ춯أƿһյ˻֮Ȼصƿнڣ
һȸ֮Ϊȸʥ֮ˣΪȸ֮һȸѵ
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˿̵֣ȸУû֮һֻǰᣬ֮ǰ֮δΪʥʱڣߣûӡǾѣ
һȸ˻Ĳƿһ磡һɲǣƿһ磬н˵ߣ޲𺳣ȫǴأƿнȸ֮
ϥ֮صĺڣĿһɲǣغȻȸ֮γһ޷𶯣ȻʹضΪ֮
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֮磬һ£Ưڰգ㣬ĿԽԽ¶΢Цԭ
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ͻȸ֮̾ӵļȻ֮ǲ˾ҵ𶯣ɫ䣬ɢӵɫ亱һ䣡
ܣ


1022 
ӣ˿ƿһ磬˴ʦӣ̤ƣ֮磬ֳһö˫ɫâɣַԲ
ԶҲĿâ
ӲһˣΪĪ⣬һʱ䣬̤ڵƿн磬֮£ƿʮ磡
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˽繦Ч飬˻õĵ伮¼ƿнǵѼ֮رдţͨ˱ƿĴķ֮󣡡
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ٵһ磬ͿԳƿ


1023 ƿ
֮ǿҲֵ˫Ŀڻ潥ɢ𺣱ƿһɲǣ֮˲ƵƬ̣ȡ˷ںڵĴǴӰĻɫᾧ
鿴ɫᾧոշ봢˲䣬ϻԾصĻֱ֮ƿнһȥ
ƿµľʮ˽磬Ͼʮ˽֮һɲɲٿصĻ֮һײһı֮ϡ
춯ص˲ϢصƿκһλãŨŨ˺Хɢأ֮ǿȻڤʩչķ֣Ҳ̫ĻԼΪת޷յķϻйſԴﵽһЧʩչͬһʽ
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˿̵֣ȫɫƽָ糣ϣȸͼȴʺѪʹ˿һ޷Ϣ
ȸͼڵβȸ𣬸˳־ӡüĴͣ£һͷڷ֮УԶԶȥͬڷȼ棡
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ɿݵָҲľһ̣ĵĿ⣬ͷ֣ڰƿϡ
ŰƿľѣһɳɫĻ棬̾ʹƿŻģ޷ĸ£
һĻ˸޷󣬾ͷ·ƿһɽ˿̣ɽĻӿ緢ܣ
ĸ̫ǿһ֣µľţʱ㴦ڻ֮УľµСӣҲ˲Ϣ仯Ƭİգˮɢ¶ѸٸѵĺӴԼҽлѪһͷͷ֮ޡ
ľţҲɲǼ䣬ȼΪ˻Һۣ
֮أһͥԺܻвٸ¥䣬ԶһƬơԭǱµĻ˿̻ŨŨħ̾ʹΪı䣬Ǹ¥ɭ񻯳ɺɫϵݣҲӴ䣡
ֻǣɾǴ˿̳Ϊħµ˲䣬̱ȫɢɻң
֮ˣҲ𺣵ͻȻ֮£ȫʮɣ¶Ӱ
Ϻɫ£һͷԷƮ֮ڻɵһ˲Ӱڿն˫Ŀɭ
˿̰ƿڻ緢ľͷȻ߳һˣ˹ͷһɫĻᣬǹޡ
¶΢Ц֮һۣҡͷɵĴ֮һĲеȴ˹ħɢħ֮һɱ
ڱ֮ӡӡ˾ͽԼǴһһ֣
Ǻ«ߣغӡǵĺӻгͷˣҲ֮ƿڷɳȫŮԼӵǺճϡ
֮ǰɸˣɵ⣬ȫ
˿̰ƿڻȫ̱һ˺ȻУִһԾĿ棬ܡ
ֳֵ˲䣬̱ܼ˵ĿⶼһԼϡ
ɫ糣ڿֵ˲䣬ȴɱ̺ɫ¶ӣ֣ԽǽӴԽòС
üͷ΢һ壬ܿչ
ˣǱ죬ǴĸӣǺӵˣڿֵĿ⣬׷ײͬ
׵ɢħҲĿ͸ɭĺ⣬һۡ
˵ص˶֪Ļ𺣣ɺζԭǺ֣˿Ҳ׷׼С
ԾлƺҪһжҼ˳ֵ˲䣬׵ɢħ¶Ѫ΢Цڰ˫Ȼһ죬̾ŨŨħϱ
γɫ˫ն


1024 е
ϷѾǵ˺ܾáѪ⣬ڹţǣޣɹ֮ħ꣬ħֻ֮ɢħɢħʥɳأ
׵ɢħЦݳ˹죬ص˲䣬̧ҽţ·պݺݵһ̤
ɢħһ̤£̱кһը죬֮أһȻգΪ˷棬˿̣ĵ澹ȻɲǼһѺۡ
ѺԽԽ࣬תۼһƬһ֮£
ɢħһţ̤أŵıһɾ޴·Ĵǵ֮¾ȻǬ
һ޴У֮˴˵е֮£иĺХͬ
ǵĵǰѾУ⵱ص֮Ϊ׼Ϸ棬ǣɢħĿЦصŨŨڡ
ͬһŴڣ˵صһдڣ
ɢħһУЦԽԽԶʧ
ͻıʣô˵ˣ󲿷ֶΪ֮Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽߳ƿн󣬾ȻһΣ
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ˣʥŮķۺŮ⣬ȫɫ䣬ûκ֮ȫ˽ȥ
лһŮӣȻڱ˲䣬̫֮󣬽һƬѪ
ԪžţѪзɳһɲǣ̷ɳĻǣɨ֮±ŮԪΧס
£ҵߣʧ
ͬܵһ֮Ԩھס˺ܾãͬҲԴ˲δţȫ˲䣬ԪȻתºݺݵһ̤
̾дĻ𺣴˫й˵ǻ𺣸һֱ̱ߣֵȴǳʮɡ
ЦڴӴӣһӰһȻԶ
ĿâһһŨ˲ϢȫǰᴵһǰһƬƻûһ̤벨ڣͷһˣǿһ֣ЦСѣϷ˵أϷҲǷ㣬һ·˵رɵصɽɳأڵˣ޷ƣǲڣǱɣѶΨһѡ񣡡
޵ĻڻصֳĬһĴ̾ʮѴ󽣷ɳⷴתγһԪתϴֿ
ʱͻȻһŭŭ֮춯أڴɲǣȻʹ
⻹ΣҪŭоȻ̺һĳŭ𴫳̾Ļû
ЩһƬѪɫϻһЩȻһѪ⣬·Ǹոձڳһ㡣
ڿЩĵɲǣֵ̾ϳЩģȫü
еŭĵĳ֣һģӰӰһ֣һɷХ
ɷ֮ǿҲһģӰĸоͷ飡ӣҲͲָоӣ
ΪûϵһĲУ
ģӰֻԼɼһŮԣգ¶һû˫۵ϾѪۣѪӿտյۿ
˫ۣȻǱȥ
ӣҲŭģӰ֣ݵɲǣ¶һ˿𾪣
⡭Īǡ
Ӹ˫Ŀͫ͵һĶоͷŮӣԥʩչȫΪŴǷŮ
һȻɵطӡģӦѾɢŶԣɵؾȻûɱ
ӵĴݣ˿ȫɢڲ³ģӰݺֻɢĸоڵɽ飬֪ܶ࣬Ϊ˳ųԱ֪һЩ˲֪֮£
ģӰֵ˲䣬ճ֮УͻȻֵɷһ壬ΪȻҲܲסԪȻֹͣת̾ͱȥ
¶֣ۿҪУʱǺ¶ͷĿĮ̤ճϵӣһԾǺ棬Ȼ̤սвϵǰУһ˫Ŀ֣¶֮â
˿̱޸ǻƯģӰĿâ˸ˡΪֻʧ٣ĳչˣȴû뵽ԭǱطӡءǿǿǵɽˣͲҶ̰
ģӰ¶ԥ
ҪҪȻĿһϸĿһģӰĺ󷽣˾ɫ
̫ݣȻԴӡ֮ȫʢʱڣҲ޷пۣܵˣ
˾˵뷨ڲڵӰһΣʧصķ뿪
ʱģӰգɷ˵ȫڣ˾ͽ˫һ֮ͨӰ𣬵̣ģӰ̧֣Ϸһӡ
Ȼ䣬˵صɷ˲Ϣﵽ۷壬кɨγɷ籩һ±ȥ
֮һͬģ˾ͽϣ
յӣ͵һ٣ûκԥԪѸɢһһƬȫʮѴת֮£ֱ˾ͽ϶ȥ
µǿֲģӰУ˱ߣ˶ڸʩչͨͼΨӰ磬ֱ·˾ͽ϶ȥ
˾ͽȫԪֹͣת¶ЦۿǲģӰԽԽӸ̵ģĪҪ˵ţ̾Ϳֱ
ִ˿ȫԪתһƬ֮УųʱӴʱɨȫ𺣲ϵɡ
ۿ˾ͽϾԽԽԶ¶ϣҧ֮ԪȻһʹ޷ٶȻӿ죬ͬһֱ·ȥ
һٱ˲ٽ˾ͽϣ˿̵֮ȻģӰǧɣָһץ̾ץ˾ͽϣȫԪɢһγɱĳϼȥ
ֵ·ģӰն˫Ŀ̾кѪڣȻһƬѪ㣬ڶ֮ƣӿ


1025 ʥ
ɫѪжԶԶȥͷ·ѪҡɾŨŨζ
ѪſڣĺХϵϳǧɵľ룬˲Ϣһ롣
ץ˾ͽϣȫԪɿתʱ޾ɢһָ֮£ʮתĴڣת̽𺣣γһУϵİѪ֮ζɷ
ǻ𺣵ȼ£žž֮ڻ⣬ɷٽϵı𺣷գγܵ谭ʹɷ޷ڡ
Ͼɷڰ㣬Ϳ谭Ԫת˵ȸʥԪҲðա
ת֮ӲǴ˽ɣֱϷȥһͺ£Ϻݺݵһס
˾ͽϵ̾ͱ׳֣ͬʱָͳһԪ˲˾ͽϵ塣
ֵԪ̺ȸʥӵпµĸ£˾ͽӰΪתɷһĺ֮ԪֹͣתΪ⺮жס
˿Ԫ룬ȵĸ£ʱʹ˾ͽԪ˻⣬˾ͽΪͲ֮ǿתԪ֮̾˴һ֮ȿն
ģӰ۷֮ʱһɷ֮£˾ͽָûκλƿ˿̣ģӰӡ꣬ټȸʥ֮˲ƿĻᡣ
˾ͽϳƮԪָת˵Щ⣬ΣĻ£ҲûʱȥˣԾɲǣԥͺºݺݵһץ
ָ̱ûֱ·ֶȥ˲ٽ̾ͻһŴס
˾ͽϼʩչ˴˿Լʹõȫ֮Ϻݺݵһק
֮ǰΪ˾ͽðսȣ˵գ׳˾ͽ֮ʱӲɵͣ٣һ·ĺɫѪٽۿɡѪȵζĴָй֮С
ѪڻĻһ¶ӣѪжĶ֣ҪѪֻء
һǵӣĿʹͷƤ顣дɷѪӿ֣ɢ
ʱ˾ͽϵĴ£ȫ˾ͽϵͺдһק̽𣬶֮˴˽棬໥Ѫ֮£Ѫľ롣
Ҳ˾ͽϣǻˣ޷˾ϣһ˵򵥣ʵǱ˴ȫ˽⣬ȫΣʱİգ˿ĲаĤ˾;޷
ϾΣ֮£ÿ룬еʱҪðյǰ£ſɰѶԷקһ޵ߣ˿
˾ͽգֿԲһȥȣͬģ˾ͽҲԥ֣Եģתۡ
˾ͽֵܶ໥֮ʱӣΪ֮ǰɷĳתһͷ¡
ֻΪ˾ͽϣ½֮ʱ̾ɶֻѪ̫Ϊȫָתллӳڣֻɶ֮£ΣڵϦ
ʱϷӣ΢΢üͷİ̾һ˦Ȼ֮ǰѡһӰ磬ֱ·ȥ
ٶȣԶԶ֣ɲǼ䣬ٽԱߣһץֱϷȥ
ѪģӰģ̧˸ɿݵֱۣǰһץ
ɫһ䣬˼üĻâһǻâУӺȻûڳֵɲǣǰһָѪУʱһĺХ⡣
һɱ¾֮ƾճ֣ת۾ܣ·һƵ˿ԶԶȥЩɱ¾̫֮࣬Ϊˡ
޾ɱ¾֮Żӵһָ˷ǰһɱ¾ֱģӰֳ
ڻӳֵ˲䣬ϷŴʥŮӣ˫Ŀͫһ¡
ɫһָ俪ƽ˵һ䡣

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ѪҲ⾪֮£̵ЩǸǱ˺Ѳҽж
ĬӵĳȣĿ⡣
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Х̺֮һɿµĳ˾ͽ̱㱻Ѫӿٶȡ
ˣ˿ҲͲϵգתԪֿ֮
ĿһѸٽģӰжâ¶Ц̧һָϿգ˵ɱ¾ɽ磡
һ֮Ȼ¡¡ľ죬ֻϷУ̾һ޴ѷ֣
һɱ¾֮ѷзӿֶЩɱ¾֮ʵ̫֮࣬ղţҪ
̶̵˲Ϣһɱ¾֮ĳ֣˵һзΧڣɱ¾һʮ򡢰ǧ򡢳ڣ
ڵɱ¾֮Хչ֮ϣЩɱ¾̫֮࣬Ǳ˴˿໥ںϣĻԴ˵صķΧɲ£
һĻУ̵ϡ侲ȴԵ
ڵɱ¾֮ҲԱ
ڵɱ¾֮ǰûм˿ۿ֮𺳣޷Ա
·󣬵޾ɱ¾֮ȣСһЩ˿̣ɱ¾֮Ż£ʱ໥ۡ
ڵɱ¾֮γɵ磬ǰȻ֣֮󣬷Գƴ˵һϣڲϵѹ֮£һͷƤĿѹӿ֡
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䣡
֮ͬһصû֮ͣʱڲϵس£ѪһαɢУҲһ
ų֮˾ͽٶȸ죬ֱӳУƮڰգɫ԰׵Ŀ·
ˣ˿̣Ǻ«Ҳ¶Ȼü˺ӡǵĺӣͬ˫Ŀͫ׺ݺݵһ
ӡ
ӸŻӣԶҲǲˣӰһ֮ˣ˴ͨʿ֮ˣһЩǴ˶֡
Ǳɱ˵һλųԱǿ̬ΪµĳųԱ
ϸӿµģ㾡£Ԥ֪һеĿ¹֮չɱ¾ʱܿ£ûɱ¾ʱֿһеĿ⣬ڵ꣬˼ΪӡӶŻӣֿһ۾ȳӱ
ʦּɵˣԪ˵˥ǰΪۣʩչ֮ͨ˴˵ģʹ侭˵ڶ˥ʱ֮޷ٴںϣ
Ļյӣµĳ̶ȣ޷󣬼ǲҲԶ
ڣѪ˲䣬ģŮӣһӣŮü֮ϱһϽɫķ˸
һ֮£ӿɱ¾磬ȻɲǼһ٣źһڵɱ¾ȫ˲ϢɢӰ١
ͻıʣʹһ
ĿһüͷҪʩչͨʱȳӱƽĿڣ
ӻͷһ۱Ŀ¶âȴĬкˣһâӱüģʧˡ
˿̵ӣȻɳڣƮ˰գУ֮ǰеһЩ⣬ȫڡ
û˵Ŀ·УǻƮŮӣ
ŮӵٽĿŮӵ˫֮ϣһɫĽ״֮εס˿֮ŮӵƮñֱ
֮ǰڱв֪ȥǺڷɳŮӽϣǳ֮ϸ˼ڣ¶鶯Ȼſ棬һ
ھԼʱŮ̧ͣͷտյۿڿˣۿкѪ£˳ŮӼ°͵䡣
壬ɻк£һɳƵĳĴŮӿĶ
ɳƣȴΪڶУþòɢ
ŮͻȻķʣ˳Ĭãɫ¶ȭ壬в
ŮӳĬ̾һĴǰΪģһ仰Լһˡ
տյۿзһεĿ⣬ϡ
Ӱ
ֳĬһ֮£ɽӰڻûһ߳ĶŮӡ
ѾܾúܾãûмˡŮɫ¶һ˿꣬һ٣ɽӱ㲻ܿƵȥ


1026 أƭ
ɽٽŮӣȻ䣬Ϊ˵ԣһѾɢΨĮ
Ů̧֣طɽüģ˲䣬һɰ֮ȻɽüģһͰɽӡ
֮⣬ɽУڳɫҺ壬ЩɫҺУÿһζ̺˵ʱеķϡ
ֻƬ̣ɽһĺۼͳͳɢǿƿӡֶΣͷƤ飬ֻǿٿأǱ٣ܵǣ
ʧȥӡɽԽɢ걾Ѿֽ;
˿ûӡʱŮǰɽȥŮӻָ̧֣ɽüỮһʡһʡһʣ
һӵķģŮָ±ӡɽü֮ϡ
ҷʥ֮Ϊ㿪飬÷ʥơŮƣһµɲǣɽüĵķ˸Ĺ⣬ӲٲƽĿǰŮӣ͸ã
ŮΪɽ¿·֮ʱɽһļ䣬ҲޱıŮ֪ɽһ壬סڤڣ˼˵һĻĻ˸ϵūӡֵĳ뿪ڤҵµľס֮
һУˡ
ǿ֮ūӡŮӿտյۿڣѪ࣡
ءƭңŮ̧ͷУһ˾ԹļһԹУУʱȻҵתǴھ֮
мת£޾ɷУ·Ҫһ㣬Ů¶Թ֮޷󣬷ѹԹһҪһ㡣
Ůӵص·з·Ҫ𣬵ʱͻȻŮӽסĳ֮ȻɢââӿŮϣγһɫĹ⻷Ůס
ֻǣ޷ԹǱӡĻۣǵ֪Լƭγɵķŭȴһ֮£ϵĹ⻷Ȼ
̧֣·кݺݵһץ
һץ֮£̴زиɵ۶ҲҪ̮һضɽҡ
ɳػУŮһץ£г˴Χ߽⣬һǲ˺飬УۿɼٶȣѸٵСϵֱŮֶȥ
һ̣Ů׼ɳдӵȡһ㣡
ҵı仯ܾ䣬ĬĬһУɫӸǿЦҡͷͨһЩɽĵ伮֪飬ڿ⴫бȥŮӾȻû֮ʱϵ伮ڵ֮ҲµһЩ
ƭңӦң˺ҵˣһΪ˵ľסأӴ֮ɽҷ繲棬Щ㵱ӦңأΪҪƭң
Ů֮صŨŨԹֲϵץȡɳУһκȻС֮У¶ڵԨӣм۶ϣŮۡ
ǺХЩУɱˣ˿γ˾˵һĻ
Ůµĳ֮â˸磬һ⻷ϵŮϣȴǸһƣ̱
ʱͻȻǳ̸ֳ֮ӡǣЩӡǸһֱɢ󾧹⣬ǳ֮ƮѸ໥ۣɲǼ䣬ЩۣŮӵǰľ⻯һƮӰ
Ӱ͸ȴɼһӣһۣһɫ˿סƮݵɢԺòΪӢɷϢ
˫Ŀ͸飬û˿鶯
Ӱû˲䣬һ֮ΨҶϢһ̣ǿӣҲҪɫ䣡Ȼ÷ܻûⲢʩչܵһ𺳵Ϣ£
ȻȵҪǿӵ˫Ŀ¶ļɵһֻһǰ𺳣ǵ
ڿ˵ɲǣ̵˫Ŀͫ͵һһ۾ϳˣ뻨صһһ
أ
ⲻأֻɳڷӡʥĽƷûǣûм䣬û䱾ͨΨһӵеıܣֹʥҲһΪ̶ֳȣѾ΢ı֮Ĺ򣬵£Ӱ˲䣬ȴص˵꣬ԼǷʱСƺһͿ
ʱ˿̣Զڶ֮⣬ԽǷΧڣҲ޷ƿصһȼеڣȸľѣ߳ƿнһ̣ȸʥڵľ䣡
һУΪȸľѣ


1027 ȸʥ
м˶޷ƿصĵӴ֯һʿ޷̤벽
һ̤ڣ̾ͻ֣֮ûаҴĿܣǾʿҲŷɥԽ׳ذ벽
Ϊﵽе̤룬ͬҲһ֮ͻ
⼸ڣ֮ΪأΪﵽ˵ڶٵ֪Щ顣
Ĵк֪ܶ࣬һߣȴǲࡣ
⼸Уһ걻ŨŨĻȼգһۿȥɺ򣬻ǿµĸԼʱˣȴпȼ֮ˣΪ֮
һƬޱ޼ȼеһĻһп֮ˣֻأҲ޷ĥ֮ʱͫȫӳնĳ̵ļ䡣
ɵصķ֮һ֮ͨȼյĻ𺣣ȴȻ
˵УƬɽ֮ʱѾӵУ׷ݣԶʱƺҲȻڡ
û֪𺣵ȼ˶£ʿ棬ɽٱԶϹţ棬ȴһʼȼա
Ҳû֪һʲôһʲôĹ򣬿𺣣ȼղϣʼգӲϨ
ȼ£ʹһƬ򣬳Ϊ˻硣
ټڣȼ£еԼȫɢֻʣ˾ſԲ
ҲΨǣµϴ£Գס޷ĸ¡ˣſҲѾڡ
ŨŨĻ棬ſΧ·ڲϵȼգҪȫҺۡ
˿̣еĵһϣûк󣬼֮ǰУҲ¸ѵĺס
һۿȥûκ⣬ǴڵֲҲͨ죬ɢһĿ֮֮£ȴ
ֲֻǼ򵥡
ѰһŨŨֻ̺˻𶾣һڣȫͬͷ˲Ϊڻҡ
ʿ֮£Ҳ޷̫áƬΪȸ֮أſΪȸʥǣ
ԵһʥΪ֮һֱİɫ񣡴Ȼһֻչڷɶȸ
βɢյĻ棬ܷԲʮ֮ڣβ˾޴󣬸˵ȸ֮
ռ˷ԲͬһȻȸ֮񣬼ȼյǿڣҲһۿ
ȸ˫ĿȫɻγɣÿһʱŨŨ𺣴ӿ۶ȸ֮Ŀڡ
ȸʥ񣬲ֻһ˿ȸʥϣڣŸһһȸʥ񣬾ȸʥڣ۷
ȸʥ·˿ϥʮ֮ˣЩŮһϥвϵܵĻ֮
ȸβֳϵϣϥһߣ˴˿˫ǿдʹȸʥÿһƬëɢ棬ܱ·ʮʿա
һĻȸʥÿ춼ҪеıҪʥջ֮ԶԶȥʥ³⼸ʮʿ⣬ڸԶʿϥɡ
ĿͶԶϣȸʥΪģ̫̫ʿڲʮ٣һֱΧǧ
ʿͳһװĬĬմʥɢĻ档
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ȸβߣҲ붨ѣһվӣ·ʮȸڵӣҪ˵
һ˲䣬Ȼ
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˿̵֪ȸ֮֮ˣȫգſȸʥϣˣ˵࣬ÿһӵмߵΪ
һʥǵȸ˾˲䣬Զ֮أһƬϺɫĻڣغһѸٷɳһϺӰ
ӰֵɲǣܵĻ𺣶ʱۣӰܣĻУϡһƵߣգȸľ䣬ӲɵĲһ¡
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һĻ˿ȸʥϣȫڷ
ȸʥɢŨŨĻ𺣣ƶ˲䣬ͻȻתЩɢĻ̵֮ȸʥۡ
Ƕ̾Ļۣȸʥ֮ϣλãеĻ棬ȫȸۣ·ʥڳ޷
ԶԶȥȸʥǷ·Ϊ˴󺣣˷
һ̣ɫ䣬ӿ
ջ棬ȸʥͬɽӿֳɫĻ棬γһ޴Ļֱʶȥ
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ں¡¡ľ£͸Ʋ㣬͸磬͸˹ˣֱӳʥǣȼյڣ֣
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ŵ۵ɲǣһȸ֮ԱƿнڻҪǿƣȼյڣȻ
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𶯣ʹƬȼͬŭ˾죬ǿյĺХ
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ʾţһԳΪȸʥʵߣѾȸҲֻˣȸ֮䲢ûֵȸ飡
һ̣ӾſȸʥڣȻɳ˾ŵϺɫӰˣÿһӵΪ˿ͬʱ֣Ϊģȸ֮䣡
ٽӴȸɲǣȸȻٴһȸصǿգƺɨȼյ˴ƬĻƶȥ
ͬʱȸ弱ת̾ͻһ޴Ļ֮£ȸ黯ĻУ̳һŤ˲䣬Ť֮УһĻ棡
֮ˣһͷƮȸͼɢŨŨĻ棬ԶԶȥͷ·һֻȸ
֣
У⣬˫ۿտºѪķʥ棬ŮǰǾ˸ɵط
⻭ոճֵ˲䣬Ů͵ؿտյۿʹþһ
Ůǡ
ʥ
ǰˣӣĪǵɵأ
Уӡӵ˳֣
ӣҲڣ
ȸߣȻ֮ΪҪȻȸоߣ
ֻߣϷδεõȸУ
ŻڵĻ棬ʱͻȻһɰ˲Ϣʹȼյɨ֮ǿȻʹȼգΪ֮һ٣
ݲûɣȸӡǣϷͣȫ֮Ѱ·ϧһдۣȥȫĴ
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ʥ֮
Ϸʱ䲻ˣԽأڴ˿̾ѣȸʥڵϣнϧһУҲҪȫ
˿̣ɵ۶ڣھسֵ˲䣬̱оϵȸͼһȣδü鿴ĿͶ
Ŀɱһһɲǣ̾Ͳϵͼڱ仯
ȸڣ˴˾ѣ


1028 
Ƿʥͬȸͼڷһ˿΢ı仯仯ûаᣬصĳ֣ȴĸܶԷĴڡ
β֪Էһ˿˵ؽƷӡڣĿģǳ׵׵İԼõķӡ
ܵطĴڣŮеĺ޸Ũն˫ĿĶ֮ƬԺһһ֡
أŮӼҧгݣطֵ˲䣬üڹһһΪӵķ˸̾ͻһĳɫ޹ǣֱطȥ
޹ǳֵһ̣ܱɷȻɷ£ܵ¶һӱͬ˺ɷĲ£ʱдƬıһгܡ
ԪѸתȸʥĸתȫ˫Ŀ˿ȴĶ޹ǣˡ
ĸݣֿһԼֱ棬ϣĸӺȻĿ
ʥʩչͨȻĸһһֻɫ̺࣬ķҲͬ
ؽƷŮӣ̧֣ǰһָ
һָ֮£ط֮ӿֵ㾧⣬Щɢʳָָһ˲̳ͬһⳤӰ㻷ٵ޹ܡ
ڻƳԲ˲䣬Щ͵Կ֮˼ٶȣֱӴ͸޹ǣڡ
޹ڲ໥ۣŴľ㴩͸޹Ƕ޹Ƿûκֹ֮ڲϵĴ͸Уһ˿˿ɫ֮޹ӿ֣Ʊڴ͸˲ߣ뾧һͬںһǳ֮ϵţ˲Ϣ䣬޹ǵɫ·ʧȥԡ
ֻƬ̣޹ǵڲһȭͷС貵Ľᾧû
ᾧֵһ̣ɹâȻͬһѰȥһĻпߣ׷׵
ðԵĽƷӡ֮İ֮ԳȡԷ֮ͨ򣬳׵תӡ֮ͨʦ֣Ҳ⣡ӵͫܿ죬һ˿̰֮âŨŨȼա
ǿЩĹ۲յϣоųɰմѾ֮ʣܽãⷽٿأˣκε֣
¡¡˲Ϣ䴫ܣ޹ɾڱɲǣʱһһâɢ޹һƬܺɨȥ
һ˵ʵʽ˲䣬һɹâӳ£̾ʹ˫Ŀһʹ׷˺
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һӡĴ˲䣬ŮȻקһЩУʱͬһ
ֻڣһǺХЩǳʼ࣬գۼ䣬ʼһӿ֡
Ӵ̾ʹŮӵǣѣں¡¡ľ춯֮ص£̺Ȼתһεתٸ죬˺ص
ڣЩ޷ĻǣһһжһӣĺУͷ·Ǵͨɭ޵֮š
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κһǣӵпµѹ˵˿ѾѹϿĸܵЩǰÿһǼΪǿ
ܱɵͶɳߣȻʸ
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ǣֻŮЧֵ˵ûаЧ
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ӿµŮգȻ֮ص£ѣƺҪ
Ĵ͸γһܷĻصջһ籩ֱضȥ
˫̾Ѫ£Ѿʱ޿̶תй£Ȼ˻
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ΪʲôΪʲô
¶Ȼͷȥ˾ͽˣˣΨӣǺˣֻɫδܵӰ졣
籩ֱأɫɱ䣬̧֣ǰһָһָ֮£ǺХˣһ٣
һ޷عһ˲併䣬併ߵԸһУ˲ϢжȨǻεĹ֮ƣֹͣһת
˫Ŀ¶֮âһ˿ӿ֣˵һΪҪͨ
һվУΪĴڣӶƽȹ˵ⶨѾһȱٵһҪ
ֻѧֻǴɵصµѧϣǴδڶʩչһҪΪƿıԴûκεĻᡣ
£һοӱʩչʩչ֮ˣأ
ղŵһɲǣʩչڱ˵򲢲ֿ˵ضĴߣۿⶨʩչ˵弫Ϊش
ⲻԴһ㣬ʦͽͽ˶ʦǰʩչһ飬ͽӡ֤Ļᣡ
ᣬζҪӵУͷ·ǰ׷ֵ棬Ѻ绽ɱɽȫʩչһ飡
ֻ²ϸĥʱΨа˲ļεؼУ뿪󣬱չظ
δͣڶס֮籩Ѹû˿ԥ̱߸ӡһһֶ˲Ůߡ
֮ǰӡϣγһӡ֮
ŮӵܣŸӡɻνΧɢ֮âһɲǣŸӡȫֵ˲䣬ŮµУȻ
кХ죬ڼת֮²ϵʹ󣬸һ̣޾ĻֱŮӶȥ
תۼ䣬ŮܣȫǻǣЩ໥ۣȻһɫ̾ͰŮȫס·кݺݵק


1029 ɢ
·иںХг޷ڱʹ÷ʥӣ޷קرХڡ
Ůɫ¶ü֮Ϸ˸ÿһ˸к֮صĴƬһ˺Ļڲҽɢڡ
Ǹһ̾ĻǴڳٴ۳µһק
һĻпߣ׷׳Ĭ֮𶯣Ծ
ŮӲЦﱻӡ̫̫꣬Ѿû˵Ϊûطڣô֮»Щ£ȴûаᡣ
ЦУնۿƺɣû˫ۣһ̣ȴһۿתƺȡ˫ۣ鶯
ǰֹԼط񣬲Ц֮һ֮ˣ㣬أ
ҷð𣬲ò޷ٿصķ磬ֻܷһĵȥԶ
ɽ֮սҲɽ翴ҷ屾Դ֮ȣҷĪǱҪ˳Ӳɣһս̫̫ãɽֶξ㣬Ϊʥƿɱҷǿߣ
ҲͰˣ罻ս⣬ΪɵۣΪĴɽڵһǿߣΪҪƭһŮӴ飡
˵ҽķΪ㣬ҵ岿ĳΪӣֻ뻻ȡҷڣһϢ֮ء
˵ϲҵ۾Ϊ㣬Ұӵз̫֮أ̺̫֮һ˿ҷУÿһʥҪ̳е̫֮˫ĿԼĸԸ͸㣡
ɻǵһĻɼǵ˫մȾѪۿµѪҺ
˵̫̫࣬ÿһΣҶȥҷӡѹɳЩǣҲһԸ
ߣҲʥ棬ֻӣϲ㡭
ŮϵЦݣңɫѪϵ£ᡣֻᣬ̫ѪΪᣬŮһĻĻ¡
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һУ㵱˵̫ɵȻĻɳõΪѹǣһֱķӡȻȥѡ㡣
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ҺģأĪûĳ֮ˣĪûаУĪʯѰūӡͷⲻҷūӡǴҸ˫Ŀ̫֮ͻҲΨӡǣſԷӡҷ壡
õ˫Ŀõһ˿̫ǽ̫֮ūӡʹĴɽڣҷˣȫΪϲūͣĤˡ
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أڣδɸңŮصŲЦӣرקС
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׳˷ĺŮӱļΪسУת˫Ŀ֣૵ҷ塭ҷжߣǡ
ٴ¶Ц˫̧Լ˫Ŀݺݵһ̣ӾҵĲ£˫Ŀڴ˫۳ֵⱻһ˦̻һֱ֡
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ֽӹţ̾ʹŮӵ
ĿһʼձطŮӵ壬ȫУһ˲䣬һƬڵǣҲŮӳһ̣ȫ֮һͬڡ
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Īǡ˫Ŀһ
ʱͻȻԭѾŵУȻ־䣬ֻǲ³ĴӰȻ֣һԹ˺ণʱڴ侪춯֮
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ѹЩǣӦ֪ѾɳΪһ壬ǲ뿪Ҳ뿪ôǣͬھ
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ȻȻһֱľ޴磬̺Էһ飬һ̣ɫ䣬ŴʥŮŮӣԶӶݡ
ӵ˸ˣһʱ֮䣬ɢһ㡣
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֮ǿУ˿Ҳ˾춯صı仯ǶмתǣһԪȻʹⶫвϵܷһЩ⸽·ʿһЩǱֱӾУȻԪҲ޷ѣڷ
µıʣ̫˵ע⣡
˿̣ɵ۶ڣδü̫ϸɳؾһһ֡
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طû㣬ɳرĳɲǣ˫ۣһƬ㣬ɢ˶֮ڡ
ǳ˵ȫһƬľ֮ǳ̫֮ˣɨ֮£ɢħķӡ¶ɸòǳ֮£ڵˣȫڳӷһɴƶ˷¡֮±ͳ޾
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Ӳϵ˺У˫Ŀ¶֮â̤ŹŹֵĲһ֮£ʧԶһ¥Ľڡ
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ͬһǳ֮ȫƹͷѣʹѪ˵һԣ˽ƣڹâ˸УӰɢ
ӽҪɢɲǣͻȻǱɳУ̾һԼٶ١
һ·⾧ƿһ赲ǰĽƣֱ֣˲Ȼ٣ĿɿڴУȻ͸ֵĴֱӳ˽ȥִڣǵԴ͵Ļɫᾧ֮С
ط񣡣ɢǰиֵһͷǾٵɲǣڣط
һɳصıʹɵ۶˾ҵ𶯣н˵֮ˣ໥ɢ˲ͬλã˴˵ؽƣ͵˸ط
⣬Ӱɢ˲䣬ȫһ̺۵Ůӣͬǳ֮£ʧĲԶƬڣ˽ƣʧӰȥ֮
֮󣬴˵سɢһƬ棬ֻĴӴڣɢĺɳظǻƬųͬɢһڡ
һƬҲ֪˶ãǵУһˣͷ­˶Слп־ڡ
󣬳Լ֮ǰб֮ˣ˴һԼʧȥǺճ⣬˾˳
Ǳ˴˳Ĭܣ¡
ûע⵽ԶǺһ̫죬ǽٺֻоǰһǺͳӣֱ·ȥ
˫Ŀڣ¶鶯Ժĸо·һҪϢڡ


1030 ֮
ããǿ֮У貵Լ޾ʯ⣬ޱ޼ʵĳЩ΢СһЩʿʶԿģȴʿҲ޷֪
ǿյһ䣬һƬۿУһΪϸСʹʿʶɨҲ޷ĳ
⳾СڣȴǬ
֮أ쾳ɵصĶǴ
˾˵ز֪ԶĶϫûκڿԽ⳾֮ڡ˿̣⳾ڲɵ۶֮һ
ͨɫԶԶȥڲоʮյ̨֮ŷڵϣУʮյѾϨ𡭡
ûκӰߣֻصĻҺۡʣʮյ̨˸Ļ⣬ɢڣʹУɭ֮⡣
˿̺зӴⴵǵȼ̨֮ϣɨУ̾ҵĻζжʮյζΪңҪȼգǷȴ̫ڴ֮ʱ˸Լдӷ¶һɨ
գǶʮյ𣬻һһϨÿϨһյᰵһЩ̴ֻ̨Ʈ𣬷ڰջһħӰ¶ĿЦ
ɢʮյϨɲǣصףһһһĴڣһڵдϵӰȴҵĲһɺѪǰ
УͬҲѪ£һۿȥǾġ
ĻϷһһֻǵϣų̨̂λãһž޴Σһȫֺӣ͵˫ۡ
˫ĿһƬǣǴ˿ֿһĻһϳʩչڤ·ʱ֮ͨ
صӣҲ͸ɫᾧ֮ˣ
˶ʮյֻʣʮյҲҪҡѵңôô¶ɬ
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ұţȥȴۿȡɽ֮ɻ꣬Ϊģʥ
£ܲսܲŭˣɽҳɵۺҴսˣɽܴԪ֮ĺƽУλûκη֮ʹɽ
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ʥ棬ֻķݣȴǽ֮ŮҷĿģͲ㵱˵Ϊ˻һϿɬŨл£׷֮â
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˫Ŀ̺̫֮֮ʱҶʹ̫̫֮֮㸸ɽռ֮ɢɽ罫κһˣҲȫǿеķ磬ΪһƬ棬ԷǽȥѰν֮ͨš
˫ۣ֮ʹʹһ
ֱʱҶɱ㣬ǽӡɳأ˵ȥ֪еʹ࣡
㣬ƾʲôңǽգҲҪϧҲҪԻЩ֮ˣҪ֮Ҷʮյƣ¶ʹ࣬̾һƣתۼ沿ħӰ·Ҫɡ
㣬ûʸңҷպˣǰȫΪҷ󻼣ǿԴڣֻɽūͣǣҲǸһԶļ䣬ԶҪǣ֮˵ŨŨɱ
ϺŨüģ·ҪƣЩɲǣӵüģʮûֹЩ롣
ҵʱ䣬ɻô̾ر˫ۡ
˿̵֣Ŀǰ֮һƬ޾Ĵ󺣣һۿȥ߼ʣֻǲδӣ̤ں棬ɫ͸˼
ǻڵĽƺ󣬾̱͵ĿǰεɫĴ󺣡
ұͶһ̣ϡһͬ˻ڣҲԶ֮ˣϣϤĸо
ĬУֺȻɫһ͵̧ͷԶľͷŭ˺ХͬںһƬǽ


1031 ݷ
εĺϲӿ𣬲ں֮»һƬ߸̧ǽԶԶȥ·ں֮һߣ֮ӡ
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Ŀأǰˣ˫̤ںȥӰһ㣬Ĭ
ֻ֮һԣǴ˽ƣҲڴ֮С˫Ŀһǰޱ޼ʵǽźХٶȸ죬תۼѾ٣ֺɨ
֮ǰɳر֮ʹˣԪҲܵ𶯣辡ˣĴ󺣣ȻǽƵһ֣޾ĺ仯
ź˵ĲϽӽŨŨˮԶԶȥһƬˮɢߴ͸ںϣ̾ͺƱ֧顣
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Ӳϵ³ܹһˮ𶯣ȥảϵĲӿźһȥ
ǰУֵüͷ
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ڣǰһץǰݵıԵһȭͷСĺˮڣݲУ͸ݷ֣ϡ
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һУһǧۣڵδں֮ʱ˵Ҳˡ
ҲãҲգΣҲ˽һЩشˣĽƾٴοĿһСĽĲٿݣȥ
֮󣬱˺ף׵ĴأһƬɫ֮УϥںףĿˡ
˵ˣȴûбպʶʮ֮ڣеĹ۲һ쳣ı仯
ʱ仺ţתۼȥڵڰ죬˫ۣ˫Ŀؼ֮âһ
гⰲĺףְһ·ɵ۶һĻĻһһ䣬ȸľѣƿƿн磬ֵļ䶨˹޳ʱ֮ϵĻᡣ
ǾɽͼеĴĮͼ
ȸѵòʱ򡭡û뵽ȸѣȸ֮ȻԴ͸ʮŽ磬˶֪ˡһǶΪʥ֮ˡ
ӵɫûκζߣȴһâڱĸо
ǴΪֻǾҵĿ⣬εĺܺãȴǱҿһ˿ơ
ʥŮ֮ˣͬˡ
ɵ۶֮УҪΪĻпȸѶɱ֮ȸͼڣɫ
һֱ䵽ɳɽɫб仯
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һ֮£̧֣ұ֮ϱƣɢģš
ŲǾֹǲϵתƬ̣ʶȻֳһ˿ֱŶȥ˲Ϣڡ
ɫһüͷŲ鿴ţɫʱϲ˼ʱ¶Ի
֮һɢ
ݷһΨзſķģҪѰҷ֮˰յĿҪΪ࣬⡢ݡ⣡һĴжһŻֽϻŸӵķģѾľоɫ
ֽԭţֻо˺ܾãҲ书ЧΨһһΣҦ֮ս
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ϸĿһֽϵķģ¶˼Ƭ̺ҧʳָѪǰһӣָѸٰڼ¼ӡǵѪ֮ϡ
Ѫͣ˰գϳϸܵĹİڵһһƬֱֽ֮ȥ
֮죬˲ٽֽڣĿתֽղʩչģǸոѧһֲ鿴ݷںӡ
Ƭֽ̺Ȼһ̱һɺɫ֣̫֮죬ֺ̾ܺˮı仯
УԼûһֻƴķ񣬴ͨɫ˫Ŀеâ˸кɨһȦһͬɢ
Ѿ忪Ķݷ˫ۣһĴ̴ڷɳһѴ󽣣˽ɱʮ֮һ
˵ʮѣֵĴڣкܶࡣ
ſݷֲ˼̰˴֮ϣһŹֵӡһָͨһϾȻһ磬˲Ϣʧԭء
ʧ̫֮죬֣ҲоǰһʱӰʮ⡣
ʮɵľ룬˵޷ȫ٣ҲԿߡ
ÿٶȣֱֵĶʮĴ󽣣ϵѾʧֽķģҲһ˿
ٶȣȫʩչҲѴﵽ֮һƴسɴ硭¶ϲ֮ɫ


1032 ô
ɵ۶ڣɳر˷׷ױǳ֮ƶ໥ɢһ벻֮ͬʧӰ
˿̣һĽ֮أһƬïܵĴ֣һſҪ˺ϱĴڣһۿȥն޾Ҷ赲ֻļ˳Ҷ϶£ȥͬһ
ϸǳ˸õҶһŲȥɼǸζںһЩ޺ǵĸһڣ̾ͻŻ֮С
ԽƬֵҶԽܼȻԽϡ٣·͸˵أһʪɭܡ
£Ƭֵ֮޾ĸҶ֮Уϥһˡ
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ǣܵޣȫü֮ëƤ£¶ѪܵѪ⡣
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Ҳ֪˶ãӻ˫ۣµĿ⴩͸ɫƽԶ֮
ʥ֮˵ûбȫգݷ֮ȴ˺ܶ࡭ֻҵļУ֮ǰ˵ӰȴôҲ޷ɢӳĬ̾һٴα˫ۡ
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ָо翣޵һǧڤڤӵеһ˿ԡ
ڣǸ뿪ʱˡվӣһֱ֮ͬϷȥ֮
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Ҧϧѩ˵ӣϤĸоΪϤȴ̾ϳ˴Ůݣ
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ֲûпǹͻҦϧѩѪ棬ǿǹΪ⼸ķӡеӦеΣֻҪѪҪǺܹ֣ѡӦϾʱʵ̫С
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һԹѪǾ壬ʱԣҦϧѩټĻᡣ
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£źеҦϧѩвɵ̾Ϣ
ЩͷһҦϧѩϵش
֣֮£ҳ˶ϣҦϧѩ˵ţ˫֮Ȼеֱ֮ص£⺣ͬ˷籩ŭ졣
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ֳֵɲǣеҦϧѩ¶ŨŨĺޣȫ˲ϢŨӣȴǴһ߳չеģȻһ̺ۣûĳªŮӡ
Ů¶Ƥϣİ̺ۣһĿģֿһۣٴ¶ɬ
ϡ䣬ƿ˵һγԼǰǱ侪޵ӰȴôҲ޷ǰ֮ص
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ֳĬ


1033 ɵԴͷ1
һ˿ӣȫҦϧѩ֮¶ʵ޵һǧٶУΪϵŶ֮ĸԽԽĲۼƣػһǧɱ¾
ֻҦϧѩΪǧɱ¾һڰˡ
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̾һǧ޵ʯֻϾһˣħĵֶΡ
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Ҧϧѩļ㣬ֵĵߣԴŮҪɱ˼丸Ѫ굤ʶҪ丸ʱΪ棬ҪѪ
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Ҧϧѩ֣ͬҲӡĴۣ˵£ޣȴףǷˡ
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֣֮һ˶ϣҦϧѩϧ׻ǣϧҪ⸱ҲҪΪҸѩޣ
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ϵĺˮѸٳɱۿɼٶӳƬǲӿĺˣҲĶס
ԶǺ֮ǽҲһ̱⣬ԶԶȥΪˡ
ԸһҦϧѩдͬؼɨ
ԼΪף׵ĳΪ˹֮һļľ壬⣬ҦϧѩΪ˸ΪɱֶĴۡ
˿̣ҦϧѩڣٿģѾǹ֮һķ
䣬걻ֳɾŷݣÿһݶӵжǣҪߣҲвԸ໥ںϣǶңߡ
ʱڣΪָ˵İ˳ɣʣĶ֮ϡ
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Ҧϧѩ˵ӵ˷ļ䴫Уȴ޷ȫֻܴһ֣գȻ۵һĳ̶ȡ
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ңڵΪ֮Ҫܶ࣬һӲա
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ֳĬл̧ͷĿ˺֮еķϡ
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ССʿԭɱ㣬ȴ֪ô֮صУͬһУ֣˲ٽ
ȥ֮伸ȫ޾ıֺ֣ХҪֳ׵ı


1034 ɵԴͷ2
Щٽɲǣ̧֣ǰһӣ̱һƬǰȻ𺣳ʼл󣬵˲ͬһ㣬ΪģܺȻɢ
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𶯣ҧ֮ºԥ̧һָգͺȵ֮򣡡
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֮ҵĵģƿ֮˶׮
ʲôƨһ䶼˾ƴһУҲҪɱڴˣԲӶݣΪŵٶȣڶԷǰһЦӣ
ҦϧѩļУ޷ĥĺޣڱ׷ɱҲѹƲסʹհ̺۸ΪЩ̺֮γɵķģâ˸
ħᦣһ˫ճȫһ̴ĳ֣˫֮Ѹۡ
޾ݺ֮£̱֮֮УܵһУƶ˱ļ󣬸֮Х
ڷϿգǲ۵ڣ̾ɫ˸ϵۣȴ֧ɫС죬ڻû
֧ɫСֵɲǣ̷ɫ䣬·Ʊһɹ֮ƿȻں¡¡ĺХܼ֮ȥ
֧ɫС֮ϣȻ֮ӰЩӰУȻһͷǵĹħ
ӿµǣ֧Сֺ󣬲󺣳˾䣬˵һ磬ƺȣź沨η񣬴˵صĽƣȫȫ
ƵĿʹ·Ĵ󺣣˺ĲȻ໥֮Ѹۣȴתۼ䣬棬ûкˮĹ֡
Щֱ˴˽֮£ʹ󺣲θΪҡ
˵ģǴ֮£Ǵȥ𾪵ķ֣޾Ĵ󺣣źˮһΣ


1035 
ɺˮ۳֮·ڳ˯Ųϵۣϡƺѵļ
Ͼȥеı仯дǹ֮һԣֻǴӹд̺˲ɣϣ³֮˵Ҳвɣ֮Уȴһּɭ
ǰһָǰСʱתڷܣɫСϣŨŨڣһӴӰûӰǧɣһֱ㶥أƺǰ綼޷ڡ
ӴӰü֮Ȼǵڲϵת
֮Ӱԣ˿ӿ֮£ֱûСӰӰֻаɴСǳֵ˲䣬ȴħƺҪѳһ㡣
ħӰĿڣԶǵתͣ
ڿӰɲǣ˫Ŀͫ͵һ
Ӱ֮ǰ˫֮£Ķ֣ͺǲǹ񣬽գΪҹһʥ֮һ
ɱһһָǰӰʱǹһȭ޴ȭͷֺݺݵػ
ħӰһ֮£ԴһѪħֱ֣ƺҪɡ
һУ˵壬ȴҲѰ֮ħᦣ䱻ͣܲʥͬӵĪͨ
ʱıޣӵķħᦣһʩչʮŸСأЩСڷ֮ˣȫɱħ֮ǰΪ
˹һķֻǵ˶ѣⷨĵһˣӵ֮ͨԿ䣬ΪĵĴ
֮һ죬ֻΪ˹񡢹ħ壬ʱĴڣǵһĹ񡢹ħǵڣдĹѪҺ봫С
˺ܶǵڶڶ񡢹ħڹ֮ѪҺһȻҲв١
ֻʱĶȹһ֮ѪҺ봫Խϡ٣ֻ̺һ˿
ν壬ڱ֮Ѫһ֣Ҳǵһ֮˵Ĵֱϵ
ޣ׼ȷ˵ѾǵʮŴⷨȴԴԶͷĴ
ֻ·˹ݣѾбҲ޷ʩչķ˿С죬ֻȫ黯ٻìķЩơ
˿ŷǰһָСڻûĹħֱ֣˫Ŀ˸һ۾ͿڵĶߣ˼һץǰһ޴ѷںһ³֡
ͷ·гһ޴Ĺ֣εĵ˳ŹֵıԵߣ֮
ͬʱյһץ̱յľ޴ڣһɾ춯صѹ
ѹ֮ǿʱ÷ɫ䣡
֮صأһâǹѷһУì
ʥӵм䣬ڿìɲǣ˫ͫ͵һ¶Ȼ
񣡣
ìǰӶɨǳǰǹһֱĶì˫Ŀ̾ɡ
ֻѰǹ۴֮޻Ҫ磬˿̿ʥʱӲͣ
Ƿħᦱ֣ôлˣֻȴɷû̫̫֮߱࣬Ϸħ޵
Խп࣬ҦϧѩΪλôһµĴڣ֪Ҧϧѩǵ֣ѡںϡ
ģҦϧѩļдֻһһָͿɴ֮ˣôܾȻǹһ񣡣
κһ嵽ڶѾΪϡ٣Ѿٴοһ건ҲǻԵɺϣ
ʵԷͨΪ֣˾ͽǰҲƾŸֶױȵٶࡣ
ֻ֣һֶμȫĿٶȲУͨУ˵öԱȲֵ֮
˿ìǰɨʱɫ䣬ƶھҵ𶯣ìХֱӲĹħȥ
ħֻͬö߱ħѰʿҿһսԹʥìȴǸûʸ
ìХٽٿ޷ֻתۼ䣬ʹһֻħںȻ͸ǹħӲУƻħŴ͸ìȥͬߡ
תۼ䣬ħӱɢ
˫ĿͫΣ֮ԥſһѪѸٻһӡǣǰһָдȵ𣡡
û֮ӰɫС죬̾ҵתڷһָ֮£Ȼһɰĳͬһͨɫľֱìȥ
СıʣĹħͬӺһ߽⣬Ǿڣʹͨɫľգ
ìɫľԼٶһ໥ɲǣ̾һɴСԲ֮䡣
Բ̺֮˺ڲϵؽһιâԲ˸Ʋϣ֮Ǵ洫
һɿµĻѹʱܡ
һι巨ĽսһìöһǹһĴ֮
ȫǱ壬ö֮䣬УԲڵĺһɷİԵһֹǰҪ֮£ϵջǸı䲻˰˵ˡ
ĲϺˣԲȫΪ˺£һɲǣԲһķѣ
ʱо춯صؼصǺ¡¡Ծƣ˺أڲϵش£Ȼʹ·ĺˮΡ
ĳ£ͨɫľȻ߽⣬ȫɢìһֱȥ
Ѫ٣öȴ˿ˣۿìٽɫ԰׵Ѹٺˡ
ɫ䣬ǰ׷
Ҧϧѩ֮£Ҳδڣڿӷʲôŭƿڴ
㱾֮⣬ƫҪǿмⳡ֮Уѡ뿪Ҧϧѩ壬ҿԷߣ
ƨֻһμ䣬ߣҧгݣİԺڣҦϧѩںϡ
䲻ҲģĸоƺԼںϣһУ޷룡
ìХٽۿҪ׷Ϸ˫һ
ʱͻȻɫһ䣬ԥ˸ʱ·棬ʱһֻɺˮɵƣѸٴַ֮ɨһץסٽì
ݺݵһ֮£ìɢŨĺڹ⡣


1036 УҦϧѩ
ɵ۶ڣ֮еĽƣһ̣֮ɱ׵ĿɺˮɵĴһץì̾קȥ
кһͺȵ
һʱì֮Ϻâ˲ϢŴͬһɫ̫ץסìĺˮֱۣҲӳճ˺ɫ
ɫﵽ˼µ˲䣬̱кһص֮УһɻԵĳܺɨɺˮɵֱۣȻЩֱ۵ĺˮɢһա
ֵɫûиأԶķҲɫ˱仯ֱĶź档
𣡣
һͳڷĴ춯أǻһƬؼ𣬺¡¡ľڸǲס֮
ͬʱҵķȻ䲻ϵ˫Ŀͫ͵һǰһĻ
Ǻˮգ֮ǰȫˮۻΣشƽ
һˣСѾ޷ƣ𣬾ƺѾԳգӴӣȫɺˮɣ𣬺¶ĺס
󺣲ڣڵֻɺˮɵľˣ
֮ˣ
ǵ٣ӣӴ󼰼˫ȴʿûа֮ĶС̧֣ƬĲΣץ
δٽк¡¡ľХͬ棬̵ˣܹƵٽ
¶ˮƣĳδУ˫ĿȻŻϵȸͼڸɢ֮â
Ǻ֮˫̧𣬺Ȼɨɲǣ˫Ȼ쿪̾һƬ𺣴ֱӱ
𺣸һ֣ԪתܷĺɨǺ֮£תۼͰ
һĻΪˣ𺣣·к֮ˣ
Ǻ֮˫ץɲǣڻڣһͺ£յĻֵ־ֱǺ֮˶ȥ
𺣣ͬٽź֮δٽŨŨĸ³أԶķһĻ̵ֵĿ⣬Ϊɵ
˲䣬𺣴˷Ǻ֮⣬̾дƬˮ𣬻ŨŨİܳɻɢ
Ǻ֮ٴȫĺˮڣں¡¡·ɢӭȥ
һĻͷ⺣ˮҪգԶԶȥƺս뺣ս
ˮֱջ𺣶ȥ˲Ϣ䣬˻һƬصǽɨ֮£ܳɻķۡ
¡֮춯أӴޱȵǽһ·𺣾ȻȫϨֻƬ̣ǽⲻɣһл֮ײ
ڲϵس֮£ٽֲɵ˲䣬ӵǽУ̾͸ֳһž޴
Ǻֶ֮֮ſڣֱһɣ
˫ĿȼգƤȸͼڳ֮â͸һУ̾һȸ֮Ȼ
ȸ֮߰ڳֵɲǣȫȼգһͷɫȸ˲ϢϳϿչ˫ᣬһ˲䣬޷ݵĻȻ֣
Ǻ֮˵Ĵɶһ̣¶ɱȸ֮𣡡
ĸֳֵɲǣϿյȸ̳͵һʱ޾𺣱ܷɢ
ޱ޼ʣʼգɢ֮£Ҫֵĺ֮˵Ĵڣ̴ʹˡ
صǽҲ𺣳֮£ڣƬգǲϵˣ
˺֮٣֮ʱҪȸ֮ȴǣ׷ƬУǽȫɢۣ»Ǻ֮ˡ
ֻ⺣֮˵ĴС˷츲صı仯˿̵ֻвǧɣȻţվӡ
⺣֮»û˲䣬ȸ֮Ȼٽȫƣָ˫Ŀ˸ǰһָ
ȸٴδ˻ণһƬ֮ͬһֱ֮˶ȥ˲Ϣʹ͸⻷ƵĻ𺣣ֱƿ˺ˮ뵽⺣֮˵ڡ
һĺвϵش⺣֮˿дԶԶȥ⺣֮ȫǻ棬ڣҲȸĳ룬˻𺣣
ͬʱȼ֮£⺣֮˻˫ۣƺȴֹ£ĺˮϵƬƬˮ֮ɢ֮䡣
һĻķһɬһ̣ʶԼֵĲ࣬˳Ĭ
˫ȴȴж֮â˸Ųġ
Ǻ֮ڲϵȼ֮£ͽֻȻˮϵɢУԽԽС佫Ҫʧһ̣⺣֮˴ȫˮڻȼ·ջһΣȻƿ˻𺣵İΧ͸ȥֱ֡
ȸ֮ȴȸŻ棬ˮ֮׷
ˮٶ̫죬˲ٽ֣Ȼǰķɫ糣ûаңĿһˮٽɲǣǰͳܣ
һ̱һӴĳײѹ磬ȴûκѣĵסˮεĽ
ͬʱȸٽ𺣣һɨ֮±ˮ޷ĸˮԽԽСһУ׵ʧˡ
ؼ䣬Ǻ֮˵ڣһ˲䣬ȴˮεɢغƱ˺¡¡ľ죬һ̣պƱ˺ѣغҲ߽⡣
ֻϢؾͻƬɢظƬ֮£¶⣡
Ƭ֮磬ǶУһƬҶ֮ϵ¶飬˿Ҷϵ¶ʧֻоǰһʱȻ³˵ʧĻڣ
ں֮ɲǣչȫ٣ֱӳⶴڣĿľǾ촳ĽڣԴӶݡ
ֻǣһǰֵ̾Ӱû֮£ҪˣȻһ

Ȼһ٣˵ֻƬ̾ͻָƬ̼䣬ȴ㹻ʹá̧֣˷ϵһ̺ۡ
ڵһϵǵ̺ۣɢ¶˰ķɫ
Ҧϧѩĳɱ㣬Ҫ㡭Դ˽׮㸸Ӵ֮Ҹģκν֮ա
ûͣ٣ÿһεڷϣʹһĿľİ̺£֮죬һƬӰ
ڶĹЧɢ֮ʱ̾µĶʩչ˷ϣ¶֣ȻѾ²⵽ֽҪΡ
ֵĲ£̺ۣԽԽ٣κΰ̺۴ڣǰķٴλָ˵սӡ
Ƥƺƣ¶Ө֮ɫɢ˵ķˡ
ϡ䣬ֺƿ˵֮꣬صҦϧѩ
һֵָ˷üģһָ֮£̷ȫȻ֮ǰֵһνսԷƾǹĴͨ˲ϢԼˣԷȴûôһָԼüġ
ʱΣ֮£̫࣬˿̵һָٴεü֮ʱȴԼ
һָΪҦϧѩļںϣһָ˽ȵĻᡭһָڷüĵ˲䣬˫Ŀ¶һɹ֮â
ĿⱻУ̴ĵ׳˺⡣
Ҧϧѩĳŵ临ôⳡУͲеһ֡Ҳ㡣
ûôƭҦϧѩҲܣȴƻⳡֻ⾳ת֮ʣΨһ仯ңĴУһ䣬ʵϵ㣬Ѿȥڵ㣬˵ʵϣҦϧѩû֮˵еģֻǼ䡣
˫Ŀ֮âŨſڣŷȻݺݵһ
ˮУΪԵһʽɣϣһʩչ̵ģҦϧѩڵ
һ֮£̷еĿ־ﵽ˼ޣ̾͸ܵԼڵǰʿȫС
ڷϵ֮ڣյһɲǣĿҦϧѩڵļ䣬ֵͬԪ֮ڡ
㲻ðѼҦϧѩУ޳һΪѡһ塭
Ҧϧѩ˫ۿ־֮ɫɢӲУ˫Ŀ¶һƬã˿̵Ϊѵɲǣ˺󼸲еãȻŨ
ǡҦϧѩ֣һƬհףƾȥ˼Ҳ벻㣬ƺԼûκμ䣬ûмĿ־壬ӿϡ
˿̵Եôеĺ£ֵĿС
֣Ҧϧѩңһλˡ
ҦϧѩҦϧѩૣлãֻǿֵĿ⣬ȴ˾衣
ְ̾ſ̾һĹûһĻ̾ҦϧѩʹٴκˣֵĿ⣬ѾǾ裬ǿ־塣
ʧȥȫͬ˵һοʩ
ʮ˵ӡǰֳĬƬ̣ϵʮĲһָڵʮĲڣֻһ꣡˻걻һƬѪʱ¶Ӱڣ͸ԹޣѪ棡


1037 
һָȥʮ˵ӡϣϾкâѸٵ˸ͬѪⶴ֮ڣѵϵĴԣҲӳյһƬɫ
ѪӷӡĵʮĲ㣬̾һƬɢǺڣѪһѪ֮ɫĶ֣̾ͲҦϧѩĴڣתҦϧѩһ֮ϵɢһƬ͡
ԶҦϧѩɫ԰ףǰһĻ
Ѫ棬ĳŵŮһ£ĳˡһӣǰѪϵĺɢ⿪˲ٿѪĽơ
Ѫ֮ɫ˸УʵջΣǰŮĿ
֮£ʹ˶ϣҦϧѩңӡ꣬ѪҪɱң³ҲҦϧѩҪɥʧΪܣҾһΣҲȴǰ
Ӵ֮㸸Ů޹ϸ𣬴Ѷϣپݹĳɱ֮㸸Ůɢֻأ
ƽ͸һĮһ˦תԶ
ӡʮĲ㣬ѪҲٻأҷɣŮһ֮ɵ۶ǿѰһȴȫ뿪
ҦϧѩĿֵıӰ֮ϣ͸ã벻һ飬ԼУҲԸȥ룬ƺһʼԺصǰˣͬյķ磬յʱǳ鳾
ҦϧѩóԼ·ûʧȥǰԼĻ
Ѫͷ򽥽Զ֣ɫ¶ӣ⿪˱ƵķӡѾȫָ˵ǻ壬Ϊǿȥз
ǰԶֵıӰУȴյޡ
ѪףԼŮ˵Ҫɱ֮ͲѴ֮£ԷȴûôǸԼɣŮ
̾УѾҪˣҪǣŮƽʧȥ˼䣬˵Ǹõѡ
һ飬ѪоԼģѾˣΨһڵ뷨ԼŮƽƽһУȥˡ
ѪҦϧѩӣ߰ɡ
ʧȥ˼ҦϧѩѪ棬ѪԵΣĬߵѪߣŮˣԶ
ղ˵ģô
ѾҪӴҲϵҪȥˡǿ֮ˡѪ˵䣬ͷһԶ֣Ѿ͸ˡ
ѲǵҲеС⼸УȻɳ˳̶ȡ
ɫƽǰȥҦϧѩ֮£̺֮ĽǶЩͲ壬ֻҪΪˣôͻˡ
һһֽԶһɰϢǰУϢԽԽǿ󣬼
Ϣ£ֵ˫Խ
ֽ׶ΣҦϧѩ֮£׮ﵽԲڵԲһ˲䣬ĲԼþòΪڻͻƵļ
ԶҦϧѩ丸Ѫ棬ʧһڣȴһ졣ܣⶴУ⣬κһˡ
Ȼɳرγɵķ棬ڲԶɳµӴӣ˿˿֮ɢ
һֵܺĿǰֻɵ۶ΧδٽڲԶȥԼǰһƬƬ¥ڶĽ
Щ໥֮£һͼĿľͷϡɼƬ¥һƬŨŨĺڣһķ֡
Ŀһ´жһöɣɢ֮â
ֵ֮أڼ¼Ʒ붨Ŀھּǵãõϸڣһͼ
ֻͼֿЩİû̫ע⣬ֻĿ⻷ⶴȴԼϤĸо
Ǳڵĵͼ˿óʶڣʱɫһǵͼ棬ǰɵ۶
ϸĲ鿴һµͼڵһμУһû˺󼸲˵ɳµԣͷһۡ
·һƬڣĿⶼ޷͸
ﲻһ˶ʱ̤ڣȴδ³ǻʮɺһĴ̷ɳѴ󽣣ǰӱϼٺɨȥ
ʯɽƬ̺ӱϾͳһڣһΣǶڣϥ档
˫ⶴܲýƣƽ´̾һɳһǧĵŮӡ
Ůӿһۣδ˵ڱԵϥ£Ϊ令
ϥдŮʬ֮ǰ֮ǸоŮʬƺһ˿ͬﲻͬȴо
ʶһɨŮʬڿԼµĲٿطӡڣûܵƻˣڶĽƣҲûκλٻŷ˫ۿʼ˴ɡ
ΪɶҪһΪΣյɵ۶ڣɶһֱİա
˫ĿպϵɲǣԪȻתȫУһ˿˿ȵϢɢ⣬δɢʼͣһɵľ롣
⾳Ҧϧѩ֮£ͻƣ˿Ԫתͣڿ۷ΪΧɶ
ʱ仺ȥתۼ죬һδʼתڵԪԪת֮ԽԽ죬󣬼һƬʼһ㡣
ŮʬУĬĬΪֻֻĿ⣬ʱϣһãԻ֮ɫֻԻɫڳֵ˲䣬̱
ڵ죬˫ۣĬƬ̺һĴ̴óɱ֮˵Ԫ񣬲˼һ¡
˵ԪΨԴͻƣ
Ϊӿϳ֮ʱԶɵ۶ǿУȴһĻпΪ֮𺳵鷢
ҺڰǿУԶԶرһһƬȼնҪǿջޡ
ǳ⽥ٽٽԽԽΪĿԶԶȥǿյľͷһƬ޾𺣺ɨ֮죬޷
Ƭ𺣵ǰһͷӴޱȣſԼȻȸǿ֮У
ȸͨŨŨһɣδٽ޷ĸǿ̶ֳȵȸһʿ𺳡
һ·ȸ֮ʿȫ˫ͫ׺ݺݵһã˿ҽӽ΢мʶһЩĴͨʿڿӴȸɲǣ̱Ȼĸһϵ֣
ȸʥڣ


1038 ۷壿
ϵȸʥڣƺѾΪһ˵еĴڣһЩʿУûĸ֡
ʥڣѾ̫̫ãյҫѾΪĻ䣬䣬ƺҲµţɢ
ֻвһЩͨʿǵļУŶʥڵǷĵ׵Ĳ
ʥڣ֮ڵˣҪǿ󣬻Ҫأڵ֮ҲʥڼΪɵ
ǣֵ֣ı֮£ʹʥڴﵽǰδе̶ȡ
ǿʥʧ٣˼ɵȸʥʴ˥֮¸й¶ʹʥһʱ֮ǰδеΣ
ˣʥȻǿʵһսǲη֮Ͼ֮һЩԭ޷ЭֻܰҼ߳棬ʥڵʵ̫ʥҲһս
ʥһսؼʱ̣ȴǷһʥڵĴ£Ϊµķʹʥհ䣡
ʥʥͬԼ󲿷ͬʱѱ䣡ˣѱһ̣͵Ϯȸʥʣ˵ʧܣȴʹȸʥǿѹ˵˥
飬Ѫеʥ˵޷ţʥ󲿷˵ѱ䣬ʹⳡս̳޷ת
̫ʥԭʧȥʥʣ֮ʧ˺ܶ˿ʥʵıѣʹ̫ʥ
ʱգû֪ѾΪʥ֮һʥʣΪλᱳʥڣ̺飬Ϊһ׮
ʥʵѱ䣬֮һսУǿնƺѪʬǡ
ֻˣǵ͹ʥڵǿѱ֮ȸʥʲϧ˵˥ʧܣչһĻ죬ʮչ˷ķˡ
һս֮ңһЩʿÿÿ𶼻᲻
ʥڻǰˣ֮˺ǰڶ֮µЭ飬֮ԭĴǳ׵İʥնݳ
ǣҲһ͹ʥڵɱﵣȸʥʮ˸Ǽֻһ¡
ʥ˲أʮһʥڣǼɢ
׻ʥɱڶһĳϣɱ֮ˣսʬҲδվ赲˴ƾɷʹ𺳣Ȼ󶼲ǰ
ⳡҵս˴˿ֹ̣˵ܾˣʥڰ䣬Ҳʵ𣬾֮Ҳֹͣ˼ն𣬲ǲ룬ڼʤˣǴۣҲ֮Գܡ
ϾʥڣǴ˵пԿٵص̫ʥǰʥڱƼˣȫȫΪۣͬھ
֮ʥ伣ǳ֣ҲֻСΧռһЩǣҲںϽڣȸǣˡ
£Сȸǿգȴ·𷢳һźţʥڣ
һ·ȸ֮ʯҲȫڻΪʹʿ׷˸ָĲ²⡣
췽棬Ҳ̾͵õйȸֵϢӸǿϢ̴Ц
췽ԭѾֹͣսһδΧչ򱱲Ϊأɨǰжȥ
ʿϵشڣͿգʿ֮ˣ
һУֲ֪˿̵ϥڶڣĿɣÿһʱ䶼óһԪɣԪ٣㹻ɡ
ڵԪתԽԽ죬һǿϢǴڲϵɢܷһɷ籩ɨ
ⶴڲ籩ܾ֮ͳѣ֮Щ֮ʯǴƬ룬һָûв˿̵ȻΪͻƵĹؼʱ̡
ʯδϣ̾һȴŮʬּ̧һһ顣
޾ԪɵһԪӿ֣ϵԪ֮УԪڷۻǻȸûоѣԪ̺ʱ˿̵Ѿͻơ
˿̣ڵԪ̺˻棬һɵԪͱҪתҪԪڼһ
˵鷳һЩһɹֵʵᱶ
ŴԪת̺˻֮ڣɢŨŨĸ£ⶴڵǽڸڱУ˳֮ɫڻɽһ㣬̺ȵ¶ȡ
ŮʬҲüͷȴû뿪벽
ϢԽԽŨǴϻûԪ籩Խǿңⶴں֮ʱȵض𣬿ʼ˴Χı
ϥ֮ĵ棬˿ѱ鲼ѣȻУֵ³ȥתķ籩ʯһ˿ͷ·һת׶ӣŷ籩ɢϵ³ȥ
ŮʬһΣһƬңȵϢϣʹ԰׵ףȻ˺󣬵˫Ŀȴǲգһ£ʼ֡
ֵӲϵ³Ȼ͵˫ۣȴ˫ĿХ˸˫Ŀɲǣķ籩һﵽ۷壬ܷĺɨƬʯУһɿڵϢŷ籩ӿ֡
ǿĸоӵأһʽͨͿɻأ˫Ŀɲǣչǰ磬һɡ
⣬еĹ
޵ڶģǹԽԽ࣬ǿ֮һĹ򣬱ɴﵽĴԲ
ͻˣǿڣû㣬⾳ʹڴﵽ˿ڵ˲䣬Ȼһ֮Уƺ㹻ԪԳڵĴԲ
˫Ŀһȥ鿴̴ӴóȫʣԪһɣʱڴﵽ˿ڵΪԪϵת̺˻棬һη
ԪϵԪתɢĸԽԽǿϵȸͼڸһ̳壬ȸϷ
ȸ֮˫Ŀ˸ϥȴüͷ
һЩ
ĬһΣ̴߳֡ϥû˷ںϣɷܡ
һƽ뱾ֿ˲䣬һ֮߳˶ѨӰ֮Уֵɲǣȸ֮ϿգԪתﵽ۷壬ڵһȼ棬ĿȴǷɿĳһ
Ԫüķɳһ֮£̫ʹ֮ȨȻص
һ˲䣬أһеһУֵУ̳˷츲صı仯


1039 ü1
˲䣬ʹɵ۶Ȼ޷ֹ˿ֵĿ⣬ۻĿ׹˸
һɲǣǰ磬֮ǰȻͬ
ǰӣسΪ˰͸״վȻʧеģһƬɫЩ໥֮䡣
ӣȻЩɣڿһĻ˲䣬Ʈڰգһ¡
תͷλãĿƶԱߵӱڣҲɢһ
ЩҵкȻһɳ嶯̧Щһץһ̣һɻ֮ЩȻɢһ֮¾Ͱץ֮ɢֵ𣬷֮Ȼٽ
һ˵ͣϲûоɥ¶
һԾ𣬳ӣܿȥֻⶴܴǰȻͬ
ЩЩԣ˿Ŀµһ̣ȫ߽⣬һɫ໥
磬һĪı仯
ѹ籴޵ˣƿоʮŽ֮ڴ󡭡˾ͽԸ⣬ҲǸӣҲһԴƿһ硣
½ƿн磬˵޷ʮŽ磬ȴаտ̤
ЩΪﵽ˾Ϲ֣Կ򣬸ΪΪﵽ˾Ѿ˹֮ȻԴһ
֮ǰȡȴһɻ֮ΪҵΪûеû򡣡ֿܣ
ЩεĽƣֵҲ֣¶ɣֿһе˲䣬ɫһе飬Ȼתֵü֮ϽֳһȭͷСС
飬شڸ֣ƮֵǰӵܣһȦȦŤĲƣ鲻˵ظ룬ųһ
һɲǣֵȫΪһ壬ߺƴһ֮죬ǰһһƿ˴˵ضһ谭ֱӳ
һ̣֮ĵλãʱһ貳ӵڳֱ
ֿգεУֻƬ̾ͻɫ˴˽
˰ƣ˴أ˵ϵֲԼ֮صľ񡣻ǵϵĺɽ
Χ£ֵ޵ɢ֮Уһй򶼿
Ŀǰһоǹһɫͷ׵ǹһֱ¶
Ųϵؿȥֺƻһɷ磬ɨ֮أһնȥɢ֮£ֱա
ٴδһȴӵ£ֱӾƿʿӵҲ޷ǿд򿪵֮ء
·֮£һУûκ谭谭벽
ǰһƬڵǿգ
ǿԶƣʱ֣һ״̬£ǿգƺܵǿ̺Ĺ
һſԶԶȥ˸һƮʯһƬƬСһĳһһչĿС
򡭡صһУȫй
ǿգֲϵҲзչչٶȣԶԶʶ䷶ΧԶʶԱȽϡ
ֵͬһվǰ̤˰벽ڻΪһһΣʵеǿڣһѰĸо
ֻһѰѰǹ
ʼյɢתۼ䣬ֵǿڴһſɨ˿һƬƽȻУԼµ״̬¶
ÿɨһǣһ飬ҲãʿҲգЩľݣȫĸ֪
ؼĹȫɲǣһһ
һſϣһֱڣûκһʿΪﵽ˿
Ͼ˿̵֣֮£֪ô˿֪ĴڣҲУ
֮سΪģܲϵɢʱ·Ѿ㣬Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãڣһСλãȫ
ûֹ֮ͣһɢģԽԽԽԽ㣬ΧԽԽ
̫ʿδޣһЩ֮ˡ
Щˣûͣ˿̵Ѿǳ״̬УϵعķУΪҲڻĽӽԲ
Բκһʿ˵ѣֻҪĹ㹻ﵽһĳ̶ȣôȻȻͿԲ
ֻǣҪһḶ́Ψо̫̫࣬һ֮󣬷ɳɹûİ£˲Ϣ򣬽ڶı仯ȫ
ϵչǿһƬ𺣺ХٽǻǰһͷӴȸɢŨŨĸ¡
ȸһ·գдƬѷ֣ƺһͻǻȸǰУнӽ䷶Χڵʯڻɻɢ
ȸǰе·߱ܿһſǣһ·̫Ǳ
ȸУһ泤ǻ泤ڣһ֮µʿЩʿŮǰߣɢ˵ΪϢ
ԶԶȥȸʿȻǧÿһӵвΪ
ЩȸѸǰУ
Ӵȸһ˿Ϥĸоһɨ˲䣬ȸ˫ĿͻȻ֮âȻһ٣̱һȸ֮ƺƵĴ
ȥ֮Ӵȸ˫Ŀ¶ã
ãĲЩʿǰߣ׷໥һۣɫ¶졣
ǲ֪ȸΪλͻȻȸ֮ƾȥĥҲ벻ʵĴ𰸡
м֮һƬ˰ɫʯǬ
һӴޱȵԲνƯǿ֮У⽨ܣвСĽɫﲻϵ˸ԶԶȥһɹѹ
ڣ˵ڣΨͨſԽ˵ܲ
ֵ͸ĵطɨУ˳ڽ뵽˵ܲ
ܲڣһٳĿռ䣬˵صԵ֮ɽ磬Ѱռݡ
һʮž޴ǣ˵ܲһʮ໥гһΣͬǺһ㣬Ǿֹǻƶ
ԶԶȥ˵ܲٲȻһС
ʿȴûκϢ
⻷Ǻӵģһ޴УһƬɫһ۾ͻѡ֪ڣʲô
֮ϣһʮǵһţûκתƯϣڴ˿˿
Ƭʵ̫ʿڣͷϣϻ΢СɲһǣҲ΢޷ȡ


1040 ü2
˿̣ϵڣһڣϥһӣòΪӢǳɷǡ
ڣмﶥ֮һȭͷСĹͭ⣬һ
ֵһɨɫ糣ûаͻȻ֮䣬ﶥϵȴ̷
͵˫ۣŷĿ˲䴩͸
˿ֵ̣Ѿ뿪
ǿУ򱱲˵չһսʿ˲ϵɱӵ˺Ȼڡ
˷棬ͬмΪ֮˫ĽսֻǸոտʼȴܿѾ
ֵɨһУĽŲûͣ㣬ȥ
٣֪ȥκ˲ڴ˵޾Ѫɱ¾֮УֵȻϢ뿪ˡ
һ飬޷ͣ£Ȼǳ֮УΪҲڽشﵽԲȹҪ꾭Ĺ̡
񲻶ϵӣһصĵطһɫһƬûаϢΪϡ١
﷽Բڣȴûκʿڣǽһ㡣
ֵһ̣Ҳ谭
ɨɫ˲䣬˳Ŵڲڲȴһ仯
һ󣬴֮󣬿ƾף˳Ŵȥڣ˵֮еΨһһż
֮
ΪΨһľż֪ء֮һǣһƬӴޱȣԳصĴ½
򼸺󲿷ʿʥأ
ֵ⼫ʿ߱ʸ֮ɲǣ֮ڣһϥһƬԣĿߣȴȻ˫ۣ͵վӿԶա
λ飬
֮£һִ֮ˣ˵ƽȴһ޷Ĺ֮ƺ֮һй򣬶Ϊһ仰ı仯
ֻ˵ĻȻûִǳ״̬ѣֵ֮Ļ£֮ںɨδȫòֵȻһ
Ůӣ
һŮһɽ֮ϣòǾҲΪһɫȹɽ紵Ʈȥһ֮
ֻŮɫȴпɬǰĿ׷䡣Աߣһͷ˶ϻϻͨɫһʱ̧ͷһŮӣŮһǰ
ֻϻĿȴǸģǿɽһƬïܵĴڣͷֵĴϻһ˫Ŀڣ¶˷֮âӣ޲̾´ڡ
ʲôʱҲſ뿪Ůգɬߵϻ˵
ӵ㹻ΪԻ뿪һŮ촫ŮվӣԱߵϻҲһæջؿɽ´ĸϻĿ⡣
ģͬҲһŮӣŮŵȹգ޷ȥݣǿ֮еǹǰҪ޹⡣
ĶǣˣǴͨʿ֮Ҳ𺳣˵ڣŮеĵһˣҲ˷ԡ
ֻµϢȴǱ޷ӽͬıɽ䣬ûκ飬κˣڻı䡣
ڱУ͸һɼΪ߹Ϣ߹ڰ·֮һĿĽ㣬һݵ۷塣
μʦ𡣡Ůӣæ
վףԵȹŮӣ㣬ɫǱ䣬ûа仯Ҫ˵
ʱֵŮӵһɲǣɢһжûаԼͣµĽŲȴǺȻһ١
һ֮£һֵбʹ˲䣬״̬
һУȫΪŮӣ
˲ʶǾŮӣȴڿ˲䣬б޷ݵĿɬȻ
ܲϵ
ƽڣܰ⵱񶾵˷ָŮǣЩ飬ȴһʹǲ
Ůĳ֣ʹִ״̬ѣѵ˲䣬ɽǾŮƺ㲻ı䣬˲Ϣ˷츲صı仯
ı䣬˲̮͵̧ͷһƬհ׵գһ̵Ӱ
üϡ䣬з·𴫳һģŮӵĶУʹһʶ˺˼
ֵѵ˲䣬̱֮޷ٶѸקأԱӶٶȣתۼ뿪֮
ͬĻΣһɲǣƬ̣ͺɨ
ִ֮ڵߣԶգĿ˼֮ɫ
򱱲ڽս˫֮ˣѺ˲䣬ӵ˷׷ɫ䡣
֣¶˼֮ɫĿ⣬ϼΪʶߣ˿̾󺧣
ܲƯ֮ϵڣеӣ˿Ҳ͵̧ͷ˫Ŀ¶֮ɫ
˭
ǿһƬڵȸʱһδȸ֮ǰ֮ٸ죡
ǿУһݵӰһ£ɫĮǿգǰУĿ˵ܲڡ
ͷ­ѪѪ֮ơ߼䣬˫Ŀ˲һ̧ͷԶĮɫ¶һ͵΢Ц
֡ΪͻƣϢӦ桭ܽһҲͷˣûκźģȥһˣѰɽأҵʧĸԭڣ
ֵֻƬ̾ȫջأͬղɢһĻתص֮أصɵ۶صֵڡ
һƻǹλǰƮǰӡӻٽüģȥʧ
ĬУֻر˫ۣһɿ۷ϢȻڱһ·ֿ̫ĹڿУȻԲ
ãֽ˫ĿĮ븴ӣ̧ͷ򶴸Ͽգ֮ʱֻ̣̫̫࣬ŮӵӰȴƽģ˸ӡ
üؾķˡ


1041 ֮
㡭Ȼüĵӣ涨һЩߣüŮĻ̫
Ĭã򿴵üֵĸѹסջؿϷĿ⣬ڰԪڲϵת
۷壡˫Ŀ¶⣬һжãɵ۶ڣǰ⡣
һжй졢ءһеһУȫ̺ĹЩȫҪ͸ķѵʱ̫̫֮࣬ޣһ޷ȫյĿһ¶
ԣЩʿϹǣӵһΪ˽յĹ֮յģǻ֮򡭡
ֳĬĿ׹һȻΧɢ¡¡УĿڵ׹һ貵
ڣһģӰӰ̫ԪһһȻöڡ
дԼ˸ı䣬ȴ֮ǰ֮㻯͸ջûй֡
ҵõֻ̫һ룬һʧԨڣһ֮㲻̺ĹҲǲơ
Ƭ̣һһ׹ɢ˿̵ۻȻŨ˳۳ǰһƬ𺣡
ǻУȸ֮ӰԼ֡
ȥȸ̻͸޾Ļ𺣳ΪһƬɫĳֵĿС
һ·޵ѯʣҪﵽҪ׵İһֹֻȫգ˲ſƾȡ֮ʹԪϢ
ʿǿҲкܴĹ
һӣɢȥ˻𺣣˫Ŀָ
˽Ĺ򣬱ֻյãδȫϤ費ϵ֮󣬷Դͻƿ
ַʽͻƣȴ֮һǵ˾Ҳźܰں֮Դ˴ﵽҲ١
ֳһΣ̤ڣֱƿӱڶ룬ϥڵıԱߡ
Ůػһԣֵķɫûʲô仯ûȥŮӣһ֮뱾ںϡ
Ƭ̺ϥеֻ˫ۣȫɷӣĿһվӡ
֮ǰ֮ǿȸϵͼһһضй߳ѵĶڣŮںĬĬ棬Ŀʱֵıϣ¶һ˿ɾ˲ŵã
һ߳ڣ˳һһ
ֻһâ·˸֮켸һߣֱ֣˺˲䣬ٽߡ
һɫЩҵëȻ鶯˫ĿǺ
ӼΪɰ֮һҧסֵƵǧһתͺĴ
˼ȦǺҡֵ֮ļϣצĨ˼£ƲһٽֲӣԴʪıӲϵȥ
ǺϲϢڵ֮ʱǺǲļֹϲޣһ㣬ֵļ䴫дڡ
ϢǺ˵ĪĲƷǳõĸڹߣԴΧڣ֮пʹǺɱ䡣
һǺɱ䣬ڹڵʱҲǹһֻǺɱ䣬ЩѣûгõչϢѴﵽ
Ϳ˾ǺɱӣֵɫЩŹżϵǺɫӹŹ֡
Ϳ˾ļУӵǺĹȫΪΪһ㣬ݲ˼㣬ߣһ¶ᲪȻŭ
ϵϢ鶯˫¶˷ܣּϡ
ְ̧ǺӼץСƺܲ⣬צץסֵ·ַͺ𣬷·뿪λãǹڻ
ǺǰϸĿ˼ۣһȥʱͿʱЩϲãû뵽ȥǺȻԼߡ
ĺǾ£鶯˫ĿֿʱҲ֣һһ˰죬С˲ͣ¶΢Цһ֣Сֻ̾صּϣȥɫ
ȥС̤Ҫ뿪ƾڵĵͼ̽ɵ۶
̤˲䣬Ǻ̧ͷ·˫Ŀ鶯֮ɫŨһ֮·ɳֵͺֱ·Ӷȥ
ĿһӣһǺ³
Ǻϲ֮˿ˣĪ⵱ɳ£ʲô֮ﲻɣ³̾͸ֳ֮ǰסʥǳɫ֮
Ӻ޵ףֵĲϳ룬ûдﵽ˾ͷֻɭɭ·ϵشܿӱڣؾȻһƬ˪
ƺ棬޾Ԩһ㣬ɫƽȴǾдŽǰǺȻǶＫΪϤѾûӰ
Խ£ԽأԿһƬɢܵĿӱڸǳ˴Ƭı㣬һıĳ֣ɻ졣
ֿ³ٶȣҲ֪˶ã·һĹɳǺһ֮ϣֺ̽Ծּϡ
˿˿Ǻϴһȴ޷ע⣬˿˫ۣĶ·
ղǺٵ˲䣬ϡƿ·޾֮һĿ͸һԼϡ
ֶ·һ֮Ԫת˫Ŀֱ֣̾Ӵ˫ɢһƬ·ȥ
Ż֮â·ʶҲ޷鿴ĺڰʱɢһЩһΣֱ·ȥǵĿ⣬˼ɻԼһ˿²⡣
³ܵıԽԽ֮࣬ȻӵĵײλãĿȫֻ·Ǳ磬ƬƬıܣγ˸ָӡ
ÿһڣȻһʬ壬Щʬ屻⣬ǰһĻⰲӵײɵû˴ĵ⡣
Щ֮ˣֵ𾪣ģ͸ܵı֮£мֻ¶һЩ϶ڣ֮
Ҳ֮ǰĿԴͷ
˳ű֮佻ļ϶Ŀ棬һ˲䣬˫ͫ͵һ
Ǳļ϶£ӵײ֮һԼɵȻ
ȻﲻǱģһͷ­һͷ­ͷ­⣬ȴɼ˫۲Ǳպϣŭ̺ʹϧŭ֮ɫ
ָղϷܵĿ⣬Ǵͷ­˫Ŀɢ
Ѿȥ꣬ѾѾûκι֮üģҲûκǵ㣬ֻ˰˸ǺۼǰĿ⣬ȴһֱڣпߣΪ֮ľ


1042 
ǰȻʹϧŭĹͷ­˳Ĭԭأ޵ŲϵؾѾף񣬲ǿĴڡȴǿһ壡
Ĺһ壬Ҳ˵ʿΪ־ţǿ֮ɽ磬սһİǹҪɽ֮ΧշŲʤ
ǰŹͷ­ʲôϧȫǵȻͷ­
ǹ֮Ȼ޷ﵽǣǿֲȴԻء
ĬӻƮȥٽһ赲ǰı飬ַ̧棬ԪȻһתʱ˳ֱۺȻǱڡ
˲ϢǱ֮ϱлҫڲҲлֻƬ̾ͻһƬնȥ
ڵʬ壬Ǳһ壬̻ĩɢ
һͨеĵ·ֽٽӴĹͷ­Ĳ鿴ͷ­ַһǹѹУ
̾һֻ³˳Źͷ­˵ײ񾱲֮ͷ­źܵı㣬͸㿴ȥԿľ˿ڼΪ룬ûа״
Źͷ­ľ־ɫ糣˫ͫȴǲɵи
˿ڿȥ꾹ȻǱ˲Ϳͷ­û˿ͣͣɾ䣡
˿ֳĺ壬ͷƤ飬ôҲ޷󣬵˭ӵһϹ֮ͷͨ
Īأ˫Ŀһ¶ȻӵͨôҲδ̫ǿһЩȻֵ
ɫɵʶɢͷ­ڲɨһȦûзκ쳣ٴϸĹ۲ͷ­˿ڣãһһ֮¾㼫˫Ŀ磬ֱĶ˿ڡ
˿ıԵһЩϸСĽᾧǵɫΪ죬ǲϸ뱻̵ѪҺ
ǡһ̧˱֮ϣԪСĽɢ˳֮µı飬дƬİ֣Ĳٿػ֮İܽ⿪һȱڡ
ȱڷͨͷ­˿ڴһ֮£̾һᾧɳġ
˫ָŴ˰ɫĽᾧʶɢǿ֮ϣڽ͸Ź۲죬ֽСĿڣһûɫεڿڻתƺʱɢ
ʶ֮⣬Ƭ̺󣬲˼ʶȻһҪ֮ٴ̽顣
ʶ˲䣬̾͸ܵһ޷ݵѹ֮ںȻ·һأΪһƬɫΨ֮ڵѹڡ
Ϣ֮ǿֻǲдôһ˿ֵʶľҪ֣ȴסĿ˸ٴϸĹ۲
Խǹ۲죬ֵüͷԽƾһǧ޵ľҲδֹŹֵ֮
ﲢҲʿڵԪҲûκι
ϸȥĥ澹ȻҲԪ֮⣬ǻһЩ޷Ϣ
ͷ·һӻͬʱȴĽϣͬһһ㣬Իѡ
ָоֲģдһ˿֮ڣȻҲ̺ŹЩͷƤ顣
򣬲һ֮ƾ֮һй֮ȫڣڶǰδĹҲͬڡ
ֽջʶɫЩ԰ףָĽᾧʱоԼõģ·һ۵ĽᾧһһӵĪ֮ı֮Դ
˹ͷ­ӵģأֶеĽᾧнֳȸϣΪĽһսĻ档
ջûʹߣȻǹǱӡ˹ǵĹʱ֣𺳣ΪϾԶڿɱȣ˿ʱһĻô򵥣ڴһ춯صأ
ʲôԷӡ񣬸ǲٿعΪʹߣ𰸣֮
Ľᾧڿ֮һ̣һֱʹ߹ǵӡЩ
Ʈ֮Щ顣ֳĬ뵽˹˵ģ֮һأй޵Ļ
˫ۣкƳһ棬޾ǿУһǹ߳أͻȻ֮䣬һ޷ݵΪ˵ֿǹȫǵ㣬ջʧܣ֮£ͷ­£
ͷ­ɽã֪Ϊηǲڹ񾱲µϴûɢǻһдһ˿Ϣ
һУֲ֪٣ֻǴ˽ϢУ²⡣˫ۣƬ̺ķ˴ڡ
űڹ񾱲ﻹһЩָ˳ű֮ǰ򿪵ȱڣЩһһķڴڡ
һСģЩһһ֮ǰǸһʮ
Щֶǹͷ­˿ڣκοƬ̣Ҫ뿪ͻȻĿһǹ񾱲˿ڵڸղŵһ˲䣬Լںкһ
ʶһɨȴûκη֡
һ֮Ԫڱһ̻ӿ֮£ȱͨʼӡ
Ųϵ죬˫ĿգǰܿڵͨʹΧĴ򿪣ֱ쵽
һ˲䣬ֿ֮ǰ˸֮
һ֮ϱ߰Щ߸ǻ䶯Ĳϡ
Ѱûκγ֮ȴڿ˲䣬̱Ϥĸоϡкʲôطһһ֮
ûʲôطһ̾ʹϵĲƵĺڣܵһɿµΣ
ɫ˱仯֮ǰűʶɨʱδߵĴڣ˿̴ȱںȴĿС
ڽٴɢʶǰɨʶУȻûϸڣ֮ǰһͷ­û쳣Ŀ˿ȴִΪ衣
ֲɫĻˣϵĺ̫죬ǲҪΪá
˺УֵĿʼշϣϣм⼣߰ߣ֮
졭Ȼ˺ĽŲһ٣зһ¡ļкɨ˫ͻȻ󣬶ˣ
ȸȸĹڣһһһֻϵ⼣ͬǰձɭʹ߶ߣӣڻһ̣еĿϲһֱֶ£


1043 ȡ
ϳ˲䣬ֽŲֹͣ˺ˣ¶һ˿ԥ
ڣѾףԼõļ䴫вǷȱһ䣬ΪҪǼ¼˺ܶؼ֮£ǼɭУͱɭ֪ȴ֪
ֻɭ¶ϲ֮ɫǼ򵥣
˵뵱ǰѲͬһӣȴһһ
ȡȡԥĿ뿪˲ϵЩϡһ˿˿µϢǺڴʼղϵΣ
ֲ֪ǺʲôȴĸܵߵĿ£ھʹ뿪Ǻߵע⣬԰ȫ뿪
Ǵӱȡ̾ͻǹĺ߹
δ֪֮ֵԸײԸȥðգջȴȻĶ
зɿƬ̣¶ϣνǾʹ뿪˵һ·ƽȴʧ
ɵ۶һڲȡպҪػἫΪѣһɽֻأֲģ
˾̧ͷ˿ϷλȥԿ֮°һгڷֻһЩŤķ϶ͨˡ
Լһ֮ǰ˵صľ룬˼Ƭ̣͵̧ͷ˳֮ǰ򿪵ͨǹͷ­
ݺݵһҧ˫жʱл֮â˸ڴԲ۷Ϊһ˲ڱüĹǵŻûתȫ֮ص
֮֫ݺݵһȭܵǺƿص˫۲ԥǰȻһ졣
һɲǣ˫ĿڵĻХڸԪԪת֣֮̾𺣺һǰ
ӡһֱǹͷ­ȥתۼͰͷ­ʱڵıΧڻͬʱĻ˳űڹͷ­˿ڴƿͨڡ
˲Ϣٽ֮
һ֮£֮ϵĺɫϸ˿һʱֱȻϷֻ֧ǻ𺣺ɨɲǣƬĺֱ𺣶ȥ
һ֮ص𺣱Ǻһ壬ȻϨ𣬵ˡ˫Ŀһ˼ſڱһԪ
Ԫʱǻͬ˻ͣ˲䱩֮¹ͷ­ı㣬˴ƬƣȻ֮£Ȼ
ȼյıܳӱϷ֮ʧȥ˱㣬ǹͷ­ĳǰ
Ǻܾûдӱڳ֣ͷ­˿̱һȻ̿ٵĸת
ͬʱһɸõζܣŹͷ­Ѹٵĸãתۼͻһ޴ã
õĹͷɫ­ڣȻһԼʮɴСĺһϸߴӺɢϵҡҷһЩϸߣĲ֮ϡ
ֲ˼ͷ­˲䣬Ӱһ⣬ĳ˲ϢٽһѾץ
סɲǣڵԪޱĳγһεĻ𺣣𺣸˳֣˳ֱӳЩϵϸ֮ϡ
ͬʱָȭ֮Ȼ֣ǰݺݵһһ֮£̹Ӱûһǰȥ
ڹһȭ֮ϻ£ǲϵϸ˿̾мѣϵģһ¡
һһȣһקϸߵĲƣС
˽֮ϹâһʱʧȴǱ봢ڣһжˮûаӸֱӰεضֱϷڶȥ
֮ǰĹһȭ𺣺Ǻ֮ϣ˲ǺȻһţײ¡¡֮Ȼ
ɢ¶һӰӰŮȫߣ˫ۣ¶ı䣬Ҫ뿪̴֣һŭ
УֻӱӶ飬һͻȻͳϸܵѷ죬ϻصֻƬ̣ЩͺȻѣһʬһ˲䣬һ㣬
һ˫˫ɫ۾̾˸Ķ·Ҫ֡

ͬһĺȻص֮ǰ֮໥ӳγ޾Ļͬһ籩Ϸɨ
ڣγɵĻ춯֮ѹʬ壬׷һԾ·ֱֶȥ
˿ڰգ·ֱ֮ǰȫϸ߸ǹҡΣӣͳ˹졣
֮ȫ͸ûκ࣬ڣΨһתغɫС
֮죬˸Ҫٽ֡
ʱϷ˫۵ʬ壬·֮Σ֮£ĿһӸûаͣ٣ֱϷȥ
Щʬ岢һ˵͵ĳȴûκ鶯ܷӳΪҲΧļ٣ֻ൱ʵҡ
ĿʱڴԲΪһ۾ͿЩʬü֮ϣȫһ֡
Σʱݲֶ룬չȫٶȣͬһӰ˲ǰļʬ彻
໥ɲǣ˫ָɽ⼸ʬüѸٵȥ
֮ȻصǼʬ̾ͱ·Ϊһ򣬱ѣüĵǺɫϸߣҲ֮ɢ
Ӱûκͣ٣ǰУ۷Ϊڷת֮ȫǰзЩʬ壬һָȥ
𺣺ХָȥһʬʱͳΪ˻ˣ֮£һһĩɢ
֮׷˫۱֮ɫŨϣŭȫϸȻһȻ룬Ըٶֱִȥ
һ·ˮʮʬۿǰʬӺâڳ·֮׷ᣬϸ˿ǺХٽһĻ֣ҲͷƤ飬ĿһЩٽ˲䣬³֣Щ߶Կ
֮ͬǳ£̲ϵ֣ۿ֮¶һ˿һ̧֮µͺȣ磡
ʱڷ֮ϺХڷ粢γһˣɨдڻûֱϷȥ
ȫȼų棬ƳΪɫ֮£ӱк¡¡ľ첻ϵĻص
˵˲޷ĸˣ¶˵ûκӰ죬˫̺˻棬Ӽ
ֻŸ˵ĳһ·赲ǰʬ壬ȫ˺ɣܵӱϣһƬƬȫڻΪա
һ߾ͼֵֹʬ壬ĳ±УγɵĻ棬ֱϷĳȥǻڣٶչ˼ޡ
۷Ϊʵһֺ̱ޱʩչϵǺץֵҧסֵͷһ˫鶯ڸк֮ɫ
ϲϵسԽԽ죬ԽԽӿ󣬼Ϊһ죬˲Ϣʹӡ
һӵϷɽһ㣬ȥ˳ڻڣ⻷ӣ͵ȥ


1044 Ի
ֻڣ֮׷ϣһ˫۾Ķ֣ϷХ
Ŀ˸˼̧һָ
߻ƵʱӿߴֱӶȥһĻͬǻɽ֮ͻȻתǱĻ˲Ϣء
ŨŨֱܳӣת۾ͽڣǷҪ֮ײȥ
䣡
춯صصظǾҵĲͷ·ף֮ײʱԱһγ𶯡
¡¡ںϣΪ˴˿̵ľ죬ܡ
ڣдƬʯ䣬̮ͬһ㣬лһŭ
ûȥϸ۲սʩչ֮ٴ̧𣬵ͺл֮ʱ֣һ̣Өˮ˲ϢܻûһƬ㣬ԶԶȥѤ
һεˮⶴأޱ޼ʣʹô˵̾һʪǳֵһ˲ӲǴⶴȡһ˿֮УʹÿһˮӵĪͨ
һжգۼɡӵϢ˫ºݺݵһָȫȻͬһ̮֮еӺХȥ
䣡
ҵŻ֮ٽ̴ﵽ۷һ㣬ÿһˮڣֵ̺ԪǾ߱˸£ڵʯͷϣʱͿʹʯͷɲͨ죬ֱӻɻҼ
̮еʯʱˮֱӴ͸֮˴Ƭ
ˣв¶ִ˿̿۷Ϊ֮ʱ绽֮Ȼ߱һʵ˿̿ԲȻ԰⵱׷Գͨӳһݣ
֮ʩչ޾ˮ籩꽵٣У̾ʹӵ̮һʱ֮ﵽ˼£¡¡£ӴΧ̮ʯˮ䣬·Ҫ
֮£׷̾ͳı仯Ͼȥ仯ʩչ˻֮Ȼǰһ壬ֱǰǴ¥Ľƶȥ
֮ǰĬڵĵͼǵͼвⶴϸ·ǰһЩ֮һһע
˿ǰһƬ֣ԶԶȥִ̣ǽޣȴǴǵͼ֪̺ƣֻҪһô̻ʹнȫһ̤֮ˡ
Ӱ磬ֱֻ֣Ƭ̾ٽһ֮£̤ڣ̤˲䣬Ȼһ졣
һŭĺгȴ֮ƿֵһͨڳ˳
֮ȫɰ͸Щɫ˿ȴд붼ƣǱȻָղŵͨһЩ
Ӻһ۾Ϳٽֵ֣˫۱͸һɱ־һ

أܵһЩƣԶδüһһ
棬˿ҲǴΧѣѷ죬һɿХֱ
֮ǰźһȦȦŤĲƣǰһ壬ֱ̤벨ڣַĳ
һֱڣֶ֪⵽һʲô߱ΣȴӼΪ죬˫ĿɣֻҪĿ⣬Ϊһˡ
һ·׷֣˵ӶݣʶȴǽĹ۲죬ûпʩչκ֮ͨǰϵϸ˿ҲǴ˱һ㡣
Խǹ۲죬Խô죬ƵģǴﾹȻڹͷ­ڣ
ǰʹڣڣڵҲˣǹǰʹڣôǹǷйĪǹ֮Ҳ²ǰΪƮ޵Ϊ
֪Լ֮ǰĲ²ЩԼЩȷǿ֮󣬸Ƕ֮ǰ뷨˶ҡ
굽׷ʲô飬˭ɱǹ񣬿ͷ­Ϊܻͷ­ɻģǼȻ˵õͷ­ôûзͷ­ڵǰ
Ϊʲôûаȡ
ڶʷУ˿ȴûʱȥһһ˼֮ȻٽתĶڲͬһѸٽӽ֮̧Ųڡ
һУ֮ǰӵײʱƺãƬ֣Ҳڲ鿴ͼʱ⡣
ֽŲֵ˲䣬ӰȻʧ
֮صʧ֮ŲȴȻͣ£Ķǰ֣Į˫¶һ˿
Ƭ̺ʧһɽȡͺ֮ǻ꣬ϸ߸͵̧ͷԥ̳ڡ
âһ֮Ӱʧ
Ӱʧâһһ߳ƽĿһ֮ʧ֮תǰ֣Ŀ¶֮âԱһ
һ֮£ǰʱһʱȻ̤Ƭ֡
ĽƣֵĽ֮˵ƽ⻹ЩѣͼһЩƣȴǿڡ
֣ˡ
ֽǿ֮Ϊ죬˽̫ãʱݣǾ뿪ⶴڲΪáǰڶ¥һƬ
ԶԶȥԼɼһһǡ
Ǹλãģȴֻ֪ǵһڶڡûпͼʱɵ۶Щã֪ͷ
ڣһ⣬ⶴһнṹȻ͡ɵ۶оŲ㣬ÿһ㽨һҲԽԽǿ
һĽƱѾŲϵ룬ջﵽһֲĳ̶ȡ
ɵ۶ԭ类󣬾ӦǳȻڴ͵ĹУɢħ԰ƿţͬڵˣͽƿн磡ƿ֮ǱɢħɳأʹٴɢĿģǳ׵Իɵ۶ڡĿ˸ڵͼֻǰ߲㣬ģ壬ƱĨȥһ㡣
µָոյõʱɵ۶ӡ֤󣬸ȷ
Ĭ̧ŲǰȥǰֺһС··ŴƬɢ֮â
̤棬ֽԶڣһΣֱǰ


1045 ο
С·ԣֲɫУȥϣȴӵڶƣ΢ʹýƿǹΧǴ͵һء
ǲߣɵ۶ĵһ㣬粽СС·֮ϵҲ̺˽ƣߵķλŲµ˳򲻶ԣҲῪ
ֻЩ˵ȴûйգͼڶЩƣ˵ûƽķȴϸĽһ
Ǳ˻ûûãΪƴʦֻҪ֪ЩƵһЩϸڽܣһۿʵʡȥ˺ܶ๦
ֵֻԸ񣬲ȫǵͼһ·ȥٶ죬ȴϵӡ֤ǵͼڵļ¼Ƿʵ
߼䣬һĴǴ֮ߵУʶ֮ϣֽĹ۲Ѱֵʶȴܵǿ谭
һأֹκʶ̽롣
ϵĴ⼣ŨջʶĿ¶
⵽ʲôǼ⼣ּǵõɭʹõǰһһʱı飬ǵõһ㣬ֻɭʹϵ⼣
Ŀʼͣ⼣ϣ̧һĨ̧һָմȾһЩҡ
ڱԣ̾ŵһɵ
ֻѰѡüͷַ֣µɲǣָգʱڵһһѷ죡
һģ˿߻еĶദƣԭЩ룬ַԵ£ʱһƬɢ󰵺֮⣬Ȼ˳ȫĿήϵĽƣҲһϢ
˫Ȼ⣬ֱĶƬƳΪ˷Ļֿ˿ԼָЩҡ
˺󼸲մȾҵָһĻԵȥƬȻѸٿήΪ˷
ָϵңҲ֮ɢ
ֶϵ⼣¶𺳡ĬƬ̺һҧһüĵĿ˲Ϣ俪
ڵĿɲǣ̺â˸֮ϣԴֵ̺֮Ŀֱ⼣ϡ
һ֮£̾Ϳǰ͸Ǽ⼣ȴûа仯ʼ糣
һ֮ڽӴֵĿԴ֮˲䣬֮Ȼһ٣ֱӳҪⱾԴ
ֹϵжͨѸջرԴ֮ĿǱպϣ֮ٴһ٣ȥתڡ
гԻְ˼⣬̾һҪջأһĿһ´Сɫʱ˹Ź֡
һĴ̾ӴڷɳǰѽʣѽֵȸǵõһֱЧãֻ֪зɽ뽣ڣʹ÷ɽ֮ҡ
˿óѽʣһץһѽڣСúãû˿ࡣ
ֻ뽣ʺȴûκα仯ֳ֣ʣİѽһһԣѽʵ˲䣬ǽ֮ϵ̵ļģɢĿ֮⣡
һɿµϢʱʹ뽣ڷĴ¶ϲһץסǽʣذγ
ӽڸոձɲǣǿµϢٴһ޷ӡڣγôͻһ㣡
һ˵ķиܹƣǷˣҲΪ꣬ˣǷǴο
οĿ¶֮âûаγ·뽣ʣһ˿˷ܣ𷨱ǰһ·۶ȥ
ͬһ⣬˳С·ֱǰתۼһ·߸¥֮ԣ˸¥ֻж㣬ȥƽڵͼȴǼ¼¥ΪһƵĵһ֮һĽа˴Ψȫ򿪣л̤ǺС
ϸһ¥Ŀһȴǿ¥ĽƣѾͱƿ
ƿʱ䲻ɫ¶Ȼô˵ؽƹؼ֮ˣһ
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ĬƬ̺һΣ¥ƹ̤һƬݵϣ˫Ŀ˸֮âûͣ٣ֱǰȥ
ݵ֮ϵĽƣֵĵͼнܣ˿̤棬һڣȴûʹκνƿٶȷɿ죬תۼԽݵء
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ǰͤ鿵һߣͬվһˣǴðͤ鿣źӣɫΪ
λѣ˵ֻһ򵥵ĽƣΪηҪᣡǴ͸һ˿ɳƣȴΪ
֮ǰɳس͵һڣǽƲǿûöñ㱻ƿֺȻԶǺú㻺ǰС
ڱԼǷŮӣû̫ģŮӵĴʦ֮Ӧް
ֻɵ۶ڵĽ̫࣬һ·գѾǧڿͤ鿵˲䣬̾ͷ˲֮ͬ
Ҫϸ鿴ȴû뵽ʱǺӡ
ȻһѰƣôѻø°ɡǺһ˿ǰȥҪ̤ͤڡ
ŮĿɱһ̻һӰֱǰ
ЦǰȻһģʱһɺХſھٽĴȥ
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˾Ǵͨʿ֮ͨжʱͬƣһƵĺ̻صȴûɢ̫Զֻڰ
˵Ĵ㶼һ£Ū̫˵˵ע⣬սپ˶Ĳ
㲻ȥǺƵĹΪηҪ˵أǴ˫֮̾â⣬ǰɨ
ӸǴһ˦ʱһɢķɽ֣ǰһȦֱǰײ֮
ϻΪβȥ˵ͤ鿣ȴһ󣬿ӣӦһռ䣬Щ֪α
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˷ײ֮ԽܴĿһ˵ҶΪ൱ǻûȷֳʤѾ˲һͬǴ֮һһ룡
˿Ǵһۣһͷûڷϻͬʱջطһ̤ͬͤڡ
̤ڵɲǣ̿ԶͬһֻһƬ¥У߳һˡ
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һ۾ͿͤڵˣĿȻһŲͣ
֣Ǻ¶һ˿Źֵ΢ЦǴɫ͸죬һɨУȴһ
Ϊӹ죡翴ʱ˵оڵʵΪֻǿѣ֮ǰҲڣھȻﵽ˿Բ˵ʵΪͻƣ
ֽĿһۣȻͤڵĶߣʵڵͼڶͤҲнܣ˵صĴͨһռ䣬ҼûͼҲһ۾ͿͤڵĴ
ҲǱֳ֮ͬݣΣǴһֻ˵
Ҫ˵ʱͻȻ洫һ𶯣һŭԶĴ
ĿԶκζߣɵ۶ڽ̫֮࣬±γ谭ͷ·ӵ磬ǾܽǴƬڣ޷ֶԷ߶Ť
һۿȥⶴһƬƽֻǱ棬ǰĽƶƿ̾ͻᷢԶһƬ֣˿ں죬ǷŭǴں춯ء
ɫһ䣬˵ĿԶƬûκα仯ȴף֮£ֵĽӦѾƿ֮ʱ䣬Ԥϡ
ûлظĻһΣֱǰ˵ĺĹѸٳȥ֮ǰһ·еĽۣȫѾ˴򿪣ȻǰһѾ뵽˵ڶ㡣
ͤ鿣ҲΪ˵ǽǺĵ·Уٵһ
Ǻ˿ŭ˲ͬһǰУɫһ˼ͤ鿵Ĵֱֶȥ
ΨǴɫԥԥ˲䣬ŭȴԽԽƺٽ
˿ǳ˵ؽγһ磬ĿϷȥĿ֮ڷһ·֮ƣ֮˸УһЩƻ̴ͳȥ
ȴϢͻ̴ӱ͵Ľƿ̤ǰѧϰЩһ㣬ƿٶԽԽ죬󣬼һֱߣǰ


1046 ӵɱ
ǣֱǰ˸ȥһ·ԹƣյͼڵĽܣɿⶴһмۡ
Ǻٶ˿˫Ŀ磬ֵĽŲһһĲ֡
ٺ棬ǴΪͨʿܿȡᣬۿǺ˶˲ִ뿪һҧ֮£æϡ
ֻڽ˵˽⣬Ȼ֣ټϴں󷽣ܿͱһЩ
ԶŭԽԽ֮صȻһƱϵƽ⣬ٶȸ죬ǰһ¥˫һ̤أ̷ڰʱǸ¥˸֮âƺҪֹǰС
˫ĿһڰԲ˼ĽǶԱһ̤߲߲֮Ȼ¥ڣһ֮£ȴǴд͸
Ǻ˼棬̤֮ǰ֮ȻҲ֮
Ǵƿ¥ʱֻǺԶԶȥǰƣʱƽ⡣
ʱͻȻŭ֮죬ĴĶУͬʱ󷽵Щƺһȫһ֮Ӱ
ǰ֮ǰδȴһǿҵΣ˲Ϣȫ
֮˫۴˿̱͸ŭֱȥָ̧𣬳צһۿҪɨ
һɲǣһͺȻص
ңŵͺȴʱһƾճ˴ǰѸٳʱǴˣ֮Ҳһ٣ǲƳ
һɫӰӲԶ̤˲ϣ˫Ŀȴ̺˾⣬ӣ
Ӵ˿ҲмΪ𾪣ʹ֮ǰɳرƶĽ߳ɵ۶ĵһѾת˺ܾãҲջ񣬵ڸղţһŭȴɵһ
Ѱ̾Ϳ˴ΣһĻ
ЩԨԴܼȣ˿ʩչͨһΣֱ˴ԱߣɨֱգǿΪֱӳ¥ڡ
Ǹ¥Ͻƹâ˸˲ϢӵĳǰУȻӾŴֱǰȥ
֮Ķӣ֮¶ʱ׷ȥ
һ·ۣ֮У˿ûֱӴ͸ܿٽ˴˵мλõĺ
ǹ죬ٽ̾ܵһŨŨħ˿ϵؽӽȴԥ˼һ̤Ǻڡ
Ǻˣ˫ͫһͬûԥֳ롣
˵ħŨѻҪСһЩΪáǺ˸ֺ棬һ룬ںڻ˵
⣬Ǻ󷽲׷֮ǷԸһ͡
ɳ֮ޣַɿ˵һ仰磬ڳֱǰƵĴȥ
⹬ΪӴԶһи¥⿴ȥѹ͸ɭһͷſڵأĶŽСʿ
վڴ·̧ͷȥ⹬֮󣬼ա˿⹬űһ϶˵϶󣬵ʮ˲Ҳͨ
ٶȵ⣬ٽֱӳڣ̤ɵ۶һĴ
ڽ˲䣬˴һ¡
޴ĵ񣬱˴ӡǣյǰ˫ĿŭӡϣһŨŨѹ֮ʹһпߣ㡣
ָ̻֮ǰڻйƵľʱҲܵ壬ȴӰ첻
ĿѸٺɨȴûзκһͨڶڡ
˿ǺҲ̤˴ڣڿ޴˲䣬һ٣ü֮Ϻӡɲǻû
˫ͫ͵һĶǺüĵӡǣ˲ջĿ⣬ɫ¶仯
ǺֻƬ̾ͻָȴڻָһ˲䣬ɫһֲۣδԼɵüͷ
Լڸղ˸Ƭ̣ЩȷǷע⵽
ʱڴ֮ȻһƱǿƿȴӾŴȻ̤ڡ
̤˲䣬ҲһֻȴԼٶȻָϸ۲죬˿˲һ١
ԱߵĴ˫Ŀ¶һ˿ãӵİ£Ҳָ糣
һ۾Ϳ֣ɱһҪǰһ̴ŭصȴԽԽ
Ǵɫв԰ףֺ̳֣㵽ʲô֮׷
˸ղŵΣȻ˺棬Ȼڳƺѣֱ
ѾһȦ˵ûзͨڶڣĿϣȴ²⣬˿ǴĻĿһƽ˵֪֮ĳ˵䣬ֲɫǵ˺˼ӣǵǴͻȻ֣ʶѡ˺롣
Ϊղһֱ֮˵أŭ
֮ɳ֮ޣĳӽ߳һս֮²ͣȻҪӣĪӣɱɣ˵ţ˺˼ȻͿҪٽ˵ַڴϣĿⲻǿŴǶӡ
ӵΪ˵ѹ̫
˿̴ﵽ˿۷壬ϹҲӵĶ֣Ͼӣʿ
ǴߣҪ˵˿ƽĴϣ̧Ųȥл˵С벻⣬Ϸһᣬȥ֮
ӿƽһ仰ȴ̺֮ͨʣŲǰһ̾вƻصⲨƲһβȻ֮䡣
ⲨƳֵļΪͻȻһ־̱һ֮֮£޷ٶֱؿڳȥ
һ˲䣬Ŀһܻûǳɲǣ赲ǰֻһ춯صȻ
ڲµһûκ赲֮Ȼѹ£ֱײؿڣһ֮صһѪͬߵķݱ׳
ڣܵĵһ֮ڣⲨ֮˰Ե˺ڵľǻһ޷ĳһ·ҪֵĹԼԪ
һз̫죬˲ɣļǴҲһǺ˸Ŀͫһ
ӱݺݵ׳ɲǣһΪղһ˭˵ȫɱһʿȴ緭ƣ
ԭһ֮£δȸʥʣȻȸ


1047 
оȵģֲûûͻȻֵСܣ֮߳
ˣʣµɣҲɱ֣ӳԾģ֮ϣȻֻѪˣû
ڰգǲֱ֮ײֱԪȥںһֵԪ񾡹йƤػ£ȻڵѪ͵رȥ
ڴʹʾǹ˿ȴҲˡֵ˫ۣȴʼƽӡ
ڱ׳Уŭӵ˫Ŀġ
ûϷٲһ£ɱ¶ԼڵλЩԾ̧ŵ׳ֺݺݵһģ
һȻűɱֵ̬֮ڱк¡¡ľصӵһģһɫɳ֮ƾճֱ֣֡
ɫƽԼ͸һ˿֪ӵĶ֣֮ǰɳ⣬־͸оƶԼƣϵԼȸѵ֮Ѿа˳ȷ˶Լɱ
ڣԷ˽ĽӴӶȻɱ¶ԼΪҲͽͣȻԼҵȥڶڣǸɴŶԷһ֮׳ֱλáУȴݵʱڣһɱ֣ɱֵĿ꣬ӣ
˲ңҲˣӲδ֣ôɱȻῪһԷ֣ôҲִУ
ɱɱ㣬ҲҪһӵļ䣡
˿˫˫ֵӡӡһһӡ˲䣬ŭӵ˫ĿʱϹ˸
Ϲߣ̾γһУʹֵ壬ֱжȥ
޵ô꣬Ȼǿֱ׳̲λõĲԾԥĳֲһͨͨɳ֮Хȥֱڵ֡
ǰеٶȣǻû˳У̾ͻᱻ
ӸһΣֱȥ
˫ۺһǷ籩ٵ˲䣬üĵĿȻ俪üĵĿͨеǿһ׾ʹã£ͨٽΣУȴǺԥĿ
ӣ¥ɱͺһüŵĵĿ̾һĳǰ
ֵĿ򿪵ɲǣʼգһ˱仯ССı仯һĴ䣡
Դ¶޷ţ̾һɿȣһ̣ʲôȸʥڣʲô˶ȫԺüĵĿɢıԴ֮
˺ӡǵĺˣҲɫ䣬˫ĿֱĶ֣¶ŵľ⡣
ΨǴɫ¶죬ȴûпȵ̰Ƕ֣üͷ
Դ֮ǺââХ˲ɫɳ֮һϢ£ӵͨɳ֮ɲǼһѸٵɢ
üһʹԴ֮Ͳ࣬˿ɳ֮ɿţȴûջصĿ֮˫ɱһһµĿ֮ӷ͸
ЩҪѰҵ·ߣԴ֮Ҫ֪Ӳϵ
ɵκâʱת۾ɳ֮ʱԪܣûɳ֮â̺ıԴ֮ʱֱӶȥ
ɫ䣬е̰ȴǸŨɱܿԸһ±ԴĻᣬȴǲľô
ôһԥüĺâ˲֣Դ֮ܣһɲǣӵ壬̷ȥȻһְ͸ĸо
ԴԴ˫Ŀ¶ŨṴ̃չʶеĹ۲ܣһͲǶ֮ʱУ΢ⱾԴĿĥ͸һĥ򡭡Ӳϵ࣬˿Ҳ׳һ٣ϸ¶
ζû뵽ԼԭֻΪ˲һպĻˣȻײǴ˵гΪʿıԴ
ֵӣ˿ɫеת룬УȴɱȻɱѾȫãҲȻУҪģǳ֣
һĴֵ̾ͳһѽʣ⽣ڲһ¶⣬Ȼ˽


1048 
סһ˲䣬еɱâȫֱȫʧȥûκ֮ˮһƬƽ
ӵǻɱ⣬һɲȫգްڡûκɱĿ⣬ȴǱ֮ɱҪ
Լָо֮飬һ̣֮ƴӳ˯нҪѣһѣôᷢӳ֮
Ǵʼն֣ó⽣ʺüͷȻʶֻһϢ˫Ŀƽ˲䣬ȴ͵˫ۣ¶һ˿ŵĺȻһ˿䡣
ǺˣҲͬĿеĽϣ˫ͫ͵һ
˫Ŀƽס͵һק뿪ʣʱһ޷ݵĿϢӽڷĳ
Ϣ֮ǿڳֵһ̣ʱ֮Ҫһ㣬Աߵ޴ĵ񣬸˲Ϣѷ϶ǶƺҪķѡ
ֻɲǣѾȫĴӽڰγûκԥֱӾųڱԴͼ˽Ӻݺݵն£
ԭиûаַֻһϣ˿ʶٵķܵıԴͼҵβء
ֱԼҵ𰸣ô͵ҵ˵ȷĵ·Խ뷨ԽȻĶ
Լٵɿ̽飬ۿƺҪһ˿˲䣬ȴȫһһΣĸоɲȫ
Σ˿֮ǰɳرʱĳǳ֮ҪǿһϤϢ˫ĿͫһֱĶǰ
ο
һն˵δ룬ȴ˲Ϣ֮䣬һɢĴӰ
ȫɣɢĿ֮â֮ȻӺݺݵ£ӵ˫Ŀ¶ŨŨ𾪡
㣬ְյʱΪ꣬ɱֵĹؼٶ̫죬ԶԶʿʩչٶȣֻһȻǰء
һɲǣԪ޷ٶ͵һȴǴڻû⣬ֱӳ֮⡣ԶԶȥɢâԪȻѾͨɫ
ѰʿԪȫΪ̶ȣԪ֮ǿȻԶԶ˿ԪֱӲ󽣣
ҵ˸УȻһɫĺһѪֱԪǲصڡ
¶δйڸ֮Ӳǳ֮˳˿̵ȴ͵̧ͷ˺ĽŲֹסʼձǱԴڣƾԴ֮͸ԼӣʹƸء
С֣ƾ㣬дοҪɱң㻹ûǸʸ񣡡ɱŨ̧־Ǻݺݵһץ
ɫ԰ףԪһţ֮ǰ̽ʱѾһЩ֪ﲻҪκμ־Ϳʹá
봫ͳȻֺͬǷѽ⣬Ϊɱ֣ȴϸĥóʹá
ڴԪ֮£֮ǰ׼˿˵ɫ԰ףԪţȴûлңȻ򶨡
Ӹմץ˲䣬ٴ̧ԪȻȴ˲Ϣ֮ٴȻ˸֮ǰһն
Ŀ͵һɫΪ˿Ҳ˽Դ֮ڣʱ̶ܵǱԴ֮ĳⱾԴ֮˵࣬ǱȽϣԪһ޷ﵽ΢ıԴȴʹȫ󲿷ԪҪȫתԿ
ҪڶԿаȫϸǻ֮ǰ֣ȫԲں£ôҲû뵽־Ȼдο
һòӣǷԴĻȴΪģֵɱȻﵽ˼ޡ
ֻٸҰʱ䣬ĿⱾԴİأһĴжһɫ飬ɢһ̾ʹһƬ֮С
һ˿ʹһΣԪȻֳһ룬һӣֱӷɳһھɫ飬ʹڣһٶȣֱֶȥ
һɨէôٴλûֱӷԪȥǷԪ˫ǰȻһָô󽣺ȻԿһ죬Ԫ˺ֻôȴҲ֮
ɫֵ˲䣬̾ϸܵһ˿Լ˴οһϢȻɫ飬ͬһο
˿ԪΧţȴʹԪ֮ʱɱѾչôֲģԱԴΪõɱ֣ǲɱ˻ӣôּеһʧܡ
¶˱Դ¶˴ο˻ɱӣôһмǱ¶ҲסǴˡ
Ա˫ۣ֮ǰʹʱָо֮飬ֵΪԷӴ˱ϾҪͿʩչ뷢ȫѣֻԱ˼ɡ
ֱ˫ۣ˶Ĳٿغ˲Ϣ䣬̾ͷ֮˿ӵķԪһγɫɢ޾Ʒ⣬ʹδٽŨŨֱ֡
Ȼ̧𣬵ȴ֮ǣж̧˲䣬ڵԪţƻ㷢콣ȴӷԪٵɲǣһλûһ󽣡
ֻһΣȴ˲ͬʵһ㣬Ϳ֮ڳֵ˲䣬̾һն
һӵķԪײ˺ȴǲδɢѤȻڰлһΣٴһɨȥ
֮ǰһϵһ𣬺γᣬǷýߵĽһ㡣ˣ𺳣ֻ󽣺ɨ֮󣬸ӷԪٴ˸·ٴ¡
ûаͣ٣󽣾ͺƻһ磬ӷԪһ㣬һһһϵͬаɨ
ٶȣȻԽԽ죬ʼһڶͿһ֣˿ٶȸ죬תۼ߽һƬ
ڵԪڵʱȫɢ߽յģȻѪһ㣬ڹǿ̺˹֮˲ſԼȥ
߽֮󣬵ڰ˽ͬƣһ£֮ھŽʮʮһ


1049 Ҫĳ֮
ڣеĿȫӷԪ⣬ķУʹ˿þĶǡ
һ̫죬ԽԽ죬ʮŽڶʮ
ƤΧĿήɫ͸ڵĹ֮ȻҲܲס˵ա
ʮ߽ÿһǰߵʮȻֵļޣڵڶʮµɲǣֱŵ˫Ŀ͵һ
ͬ绮գ˲Ϣ䣬ӷԪȻӼ˸оֹھֹɲǣǰδеĳ̶ȣȻĿ𣬰ҫһƬͨ
ֻӷԪ⣬˸£Ȼͬʱ˶ʮ󽣣ǳֵ˲ϢӷԪȻ͸
ʮѴͬʮɫǣԿ˼ٶȣһĺ£ȫӷԪڣǴ͸
ǷԪ߱ڶʮѴ󽣴͸ɲǣɫı飬Ҳʣ±
֮һͬģӵķԪڶʮѽĴ͸£ķѣ
ûнǶʮѴͬ˽ֱԴӶȥӴ˿ɫ԰ףһѪ¶Ȼ
⡭ⲻѰĴοôҲû뵽ǰ֣Ȼӵȿֲķɱ˿̷Ԫ񱻻٣̾ܵصơ
ۿɱԼԪ񣬻ԼһοĶʮѴֱԼͷƤ飬ֻϢſԴİأܣѹֱɱһ㡣
ƴˣ˿̵ӣϾ޵꣬ͨ飬ȻҲµԱԴƵԼ޷ȫͨ󲿷ԴӶΪԼôһ޷˵ɱ֣
ûкˣһĴжһɫĹףֻаƴСͨڣһѹ֪ǴӺȡ¡
ףȻҲһοΪҪ֮ˣȻȱŹǰһףҧ֮±㲻ȥᣬǰȫɢһĸԴܸоԼͿҪ֪Ȼ꣬ζεĵĵ·
ǹ׷ɳƮǰϺڹ̴ΧıâҫɲǣʮѴ󽣺ȻǰѳһΣֱײ˹֮ϣľȻصǹײϵغˣȴĿס
ֻ⹥δڵɢɲǣĽ彣һֱڶʮһһһߵ⣬ֱӺȻ
䣡
Ǻɫײϵغˣ˲Ͼͳ˴Ƭѷ죬ֻϢͺȻ߽⣬Ƭܺɨɢˣ
ʧȥ赲ɲǣڶʮڶʮֱӴ͸ֱڹ׺Ӷȥ
Ѵ̺Ļ֮࣬˿̴͸գۼͺǰء
ڵľ룬ʩչκηͨңԴĻᣬҲǾܣһ˵ʵʾɲǼ䣬Σ֮ʱ˫͵һӣȫ紵ʱһɫ֮Ѹɢγһ硣
缸һ֣̱ڶʮһ죬
ɲǣĵڶʮֱӴ͸ӵǰ
ͬʱָ˫¶Ŀ⣬ȵãһ̣ҲɱֵĽβ
̧֣ϵĴ⼣ϷɿĨմȾ⼣ݺݵǰһ
һ˱ڶʮУһѪɫ԰ףǰ飬Ѫģ
ֻһ㣡Ӵ˿ͬ񣬲ϵƣĸǱԴܸܵԼѾĵ·ǳ֮ۿҪ׵
˿̣⼣̺˹֮֮һ֮ޣӽҪĵԴ·ɲǣͬһ紵
Ӿؿģ֮̾ʹƬѪҺѪӲò˿һˣ뿪˱Դڵĺâһ
˫ĿͨͬҰޣȴ޷ٿֱȥ뱾ԴâԽԽԶдƬѪ
üĵĿһâɢѾֻʣһ˿ıԴջصĿС
ֳĿ䣬ĮĿһǴŮһָղŵͨ뷨һĻĻȻҶӣǵͷ
ǺˣͬĿ⿴ʱеŨŨļɵĿֵĿ⣬ȻҲ˲Ҷһ̵֣ӵеƣ۷壡
ʲôıҲãҲգܻһʿ˵һ⣬ĵˣ˭Ըǣ
ҪĳıԴҪĳķǣãɱһ¶Цӽܴ˫Ŀֳɫڣʧˡ
Ȼʧˣӵ𺳣ȴǾþòɢ
мɵ޷ɢ뵽ղǶʮѽͨ޺⣬֪ʩչʮѽȻǿ֮ĩȴ˿ȥġ
ǶʮѽйʧȥһЩġ
ȸʥڣ˶ڣջԻͣǻﵽһδйĸ߶ȣˡбԴ˭Դһмɵ
ڵ棬ɫѪɫӼΪң¶ŨŨĲģ
ֻһ˿ֻһ˿ӺݺݵȭʹԪһشƣΪΧĵ䣬ڱԴǰĴ䣬޽ӽ·ʱϣ˿̲ĵʧʹ̲סŭһ
Ͼ޵꣬ŭ֮ƽ¶ɱ
Ļ̫ǵϣΪպȸʥʣΪɱϷϧ˵һ˥ǰǧҲҪɱȡԴ
Ǵе𾪣˿ںӣ֮˽֮࣬ӻҪ𺳡
𺳵ģֵıԴ⣬ǰǿķֻڼУŹһΡ
֮ڣųۼ֮ʱһԣ֮Ϊ顢ɡա࣬ǽ֮࣬ϣһЩȼķ̸ֻĳߣҲֻǼ֮ѡ
顢֮ڶ࣬޵һ֮ʿ÷෶ڣҲвһִڵһʿӵɱ
ɶڵڶʿ˵ɱЩ޷ҪЩϹǣɱǶĻǵİȲͨ
ʱЩϹǾͻȥѰҸһεķҲǳϹʱʿõɱ׷ԶţѰżһԶżڱֵķǿգ


1050 
ռ˵ٻһЩÿһϹּΪϧײʹãϾַԭĥ͸޷޸һһ𣬾ͻʧȥܴ
ʵһЩοĴοǻڿյķ룬ֻ΢ͻһЩ㱻˳ƺΪοʵϣһٵĳƺѡ
ѰϹ֣ռѾ۷壬Ϊ˻һԲϧһУЩվڴԲʿռ˵󣬵̶ȣҲãѰҲãܹǲȱһ෨
ԭһзԲӣ׷ģǳ޵ĵڶǴ˵еĵ
ֻ̫ޣãȻѰҲǰ֮·ֻĬĬĵȴ˥һһ٣մɳĹȥ
ѾڳϹ˵ѾﵽΪ׷󣬶ĿֻдﵽſԶԿ˥ĻȴǵģΨ
ʱ򣬷֮½ڣһʿżȻ򣬴ûдﵽ˵ȴ˥жȹ˵˥
˥ʿҪĽѣÿһΣΪʵᱩ˥Ѷȴ̫һʧ̾ͻ
֮ԿԴﵽ˥ΪһⷨҲպ˳ƺо֮£Լ׷ݵ̫ţֻһ౦ģëǡ
˵ˣЩϹȴǴһԶżڷһֳ˿ռȴ֮
⣬ҲǴο
ο˵ûǰ㼫ΪȴҲٵĿȫЩڴԲʿá
˳ŵı׼֮һҪӵһο֮
˱ãǿ֮⣬԰ʿ˥Уһá
ͬҲֵȼֻЩģԴͳڵ¡СԼԲĸ֡Ͼһ෨˸Ͳ̸֪ϸĻ֡
ʿɱ⣬ԻûӰԳеıҲƷοпԲο¶ؼɵ
˸˼֮ʱٴγ֣һȴǼ˶˵ֱһԾֱ֮Уѧֵӣ׼뿪ͬȥ
˿̣ɵ۶ĵڶ㣬λúܽһͤ⣬Ϲһһ߳
ʿȻɱӾˣûǴҴ˿ֳ̡֮һѪɫ͸ƣ
ȴǳҵ󣬾ȻѽʵȫŪͬʱʩչֵҡҡͷͬʱʩչ˲ͻᱻ˸ˣ
²뽣ڣ봢УóһЩҩУǰҧۡ
ղǿ֮ĩƾӵƣǺ˺ʹ壬Ļٳֱ֣ɡ
˿ûʱȥϥˣҪԼ֪ɵ۶ͼƣ롣
ɵ۶ڶڵڶд󣬺ܿ˵ͼеļڣһ֮£ȷԼ֮ǰĲ²⣬ǰһ˽ۣ֪뵽˵ڼڡ
ƣӣֱڶλñ֮ȥɵ۶ǰĽṹ࣬һֵϤ˵ٶ˲٣ܿȴҲǵڶλãڡ
˿̣֮µӣҲ˵ڶ㡣
˵ӣҲûһİԵֱӲƣǻǰСһ͸㹻ʱ䣬ڶĴڣûе񣬵ֻоյʯʵ̨𽹼ϸĹ۲˺ܾãüͷ
ͻȻĿ˵̨ܣһЩƶۼЩۼǳȻ˲˲ֹһΣڶĻ֮
˫ĿһֶϸĹ۲أ˫Ÿ̨ϣܴһ˿
⽣Ѱ˸ܵҲֻΪͼƻ̨⽣˵ȴش
ǰĽ｣ȻѾ󣬵⽣ΪȴҪĪǡĿһһ·УԪٻָһ˿˿һӣǰյ̨ȫȼ⣬ȼ̨
ֵ˲䣬̻ȫʧ˴˵أȥ˵㡣
̨֮ƶλֻԻˣĺۼҲǰ߲ã˵ע⣬̨Ҫȼ
ʱ仺ţתۼɵ۶ڣѾȹ£УÿֻжݵʱˣʱȫһĴ
ɵ۶ĽԽ£ԽǿЩʱ򼴱ֵĽ֮ټϵͼĽܣҲҪһЩʱſ԰ȫȹ
˷ʱģÿһλõĹǹͷ·һţҪѾ˼ſҵͨ²ڡ
ҲͰˣͼĲ£ȴǽÿ㶼мƷĴռ䣬ȻԸŹϧЩط˽ȵǣͬҲмȥͳͳᵽ˴ڣ뵽һ·ջֺ˷ܡ
Ҳһ·ЩռƷ˺þãڴڵ㹻һɣӦɵǧʹá
ڶƷֿһռ䣬ͬɵصһص㣬ȻĿġ
صĿģֲ֪˿ЩƷȴ֮˷˼졣˷ܵģǰ˵ڣռĴ͵㡣
һڴ˴ɽδʱɵҩЩҩڴ˿̵֣峬һз
ֵΪʼûȫָǿĻָѾ⣬ԪʧԼԪʹɵήңûҩѶʱֵָĴڣҩѾȫľټϴ˵ΣҩĴص㣬ڱصá
һ죬ڱԵλùâһֵӰ֮߳һƬ¥ƣ·һٳĻ԰ǰдɽһСӴԶѶ˵ˮصܣ
ǵˣ˿ܣѸٰ֮λͼںϣƬ̺֪Լȷλ
ҷ¶ᶨһֱ֮ҷȥ
ЩҩһҪõٶȷɿ죬һƣʱȻͣ½Ųǰ
һ·ӵڶ㣬˺ܶµĺۼȴûκһ£ڶ£һβӰ
СֵܾȻ򵥣һԴǰ촫


1051 
ǰһƬɽ߳ˣһһŮеɷòΪӢ˿ϴ΢Ц֡
ŮĿͣȴҲв¶Ȼû뵽־Ȼ
һɵ£ɫƽȴǾ裬˿Ϊδָ˵ɵ۶֮ʱвǾͻڴˡ
ɫ˺һٽԱһƵıԵֱȭǰ˵䣬ĿɵһɨûпӰĸһ
СֵܵĽ֮Ȼ֮ǰĳǵ͹ˡΡЦֵ֪࣬йֵ飬ûһ䣬Ρֿһ·ƿߵ˵˵ĽȻǷ켫
ϵ˻ȻҲΡ
ɵ£ֿǹ죬֮ǰɵ۶ʱһ룬ӦȫƿнŶԣһֱƿн˶ûг֣£Ȼ
Ը˹̸ཻڣҲ˲²⣬ټδ˺ƽĿڵλǰ£ǡ
˵ţȥҪԱƹȥǴ鵤ҩ֮
ΡЦݲ䣬ֻ΢΢ҡͷȴûһֱӰʧһڣЦСһȤ
Աߵĵº꣬ҲЦԸ̸һЩȴˡ
ΡһЦ˵ɲǱߣȥ֮㿴ղ̤ڣˮһûаͣͣǽƸ˿ûбҪôǶＫΪ˽⣬Ҫôǽ֮ٴγҵ󡣡
ʧ֮ü壬ͣԸＫΪ˽⡭
ΡЦź꣬Ц߹ƣЩҲͬ˵ģǶＫΪ˽⣬һ͸˼ˡ
ʲô㰡ˣЦڿһЦ˫Ŀͬ
ΡҲЦɫ͸ǣ˵֮ǰǱ²⣬ǽͬ飬Ƕһû´ǽͬ飬ؾ
һϸ룬Ц˵ǣǾǺˣˣҲǵˡ
ղ·ߣǶ˽⣬Ӧȥɵ۴浤ҩ֮ȥ֪Ҳ֮䣬һЩܣΡЦЦһΣǰȥ
꿴ΡһۣĿ͸ᣬΡһз㣬󶼼Ϊţ̧ŲΡһ
˺䴩һƣĽ临ӵĳ̶ȸһֵٶҲܵӰ죬һЩƿ˲ȹҲһЩƣҪϸķŸŲ
ʱ䣬ִԱһԲӽҩĴ֮ء
յͼܣһڲд͵㣬Խ봢浤ҩ֮ԶԶǰƽǰȥ
߼䣬ʶܣȴδɢ̫Զǹ۲ܵĽƣͨƵĲ֪ûٽ
Ա߻һֲ԰ֻȴֻʣ˿֦ӲݣǰֽٽҪֲ԰ͻȻһ٣ǰԼоĽͼϵĽЩһ
һ·ǰУͼڵĽȫ׼ȷΨƫΨһĽͣĽƱֽš
ɫֿ˿ܣƬ̺˫ĿһϸķǱĶĽƣ֮ϡһЩߣԽǿߣüͷԽ
ǰĽƣԭнƵĻϣһЩ仯ѣӽȥĽƣȻ֮ǰԭڵĽһֲ˼ĳ̶Ľһ
֮ǧ򻯣ÿһʩչ֮ˣԸΪԼڽƵ˽⣬ͬһƣһٸʩչܿͬĿУϸûκһһһ
һǰĶĽƣֿЩ޷󣬸ǵ߸ڽƵ֪
ȻĽϣҵ˽⣬ټĴУû˿ڱ˽ƵĻϣǿиı󣬻УҲǱ֮ﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȣ˲ſıһЩѧߵĽơɵ۶㣬˵صĽȻټôı䡣
ˣôɵ۶һнУǶϷһ㣬ŲǼΪɡֵ뷨Ƭ̣ĵٴϸ鿴ԽԽľⵤܵĽƣѾһݡ
һһͬһˣڲͬʱԼõĽһ㡣
ĪǡͻȻһ˫Ŀ͵һ
ɵ۶겼ȫߣѽĶߣͬһ˲ɣֵ𰸣ԽһУȴ̫˼һЩ
ֶǽƣԼоԼ²ʵôԼͷһ޴ֻǲ֪Ⲽߣ˭
еһֵģɵ£
Ƭ̣Ǿʹ˷ֲģⵤҩ˵̫ҪĿһֶǽƣʼԼļ㡣
˵صĽƼΪӣȻΪֹ˿Խ룬ϥ˵ϣн֮âɿ˸һĴжһ̡
һ죬˫ĿѪ˿ı仯һһ˸ϣѰȷƽ֮
ڵ죬̧˫ĿѪ˿ͷվһ֮ºԥ̤ǰƣһûͣٴǰ߳
岽Ŀ¶ԥļУ岽ҵȷĴ𰸣ƺô£Ǵ
岽Ŀ˸֮Ͻ¶΢Ц
ûе岽֮ʱ岽̤գֱһԾȥǰĵ棬һ⣬ǵˡ
̹֮۲ܣûдƺ˿ˮҴûã߳Ƭƣ˵⡣
Ҫڣɫһ䣬Ȼ͵һˣ˺ɲǣͻȻڴ򿪣һٶȺХٽȴڿֺ󣬴ǽڴ׵һ
ǽȻһɢһӰٷһ㣬
˺ĲҲڿͣŵӡ£û˵ǿһ۴򿪵ĵ֮ţ⣬磬ʶ޷͸һҲΪ֪ǰҲûвԭ
֪һ֣¶п΢Цϡ仹Щ׷䡣
Уı仯ܴ󣬸оģϣȻһ˿ǴοΪƵϢ


1052 ɵµ
ּǰŵ֮£ΣĳҲһҪ˪֮ٴο˲һļ֮һֵʲôΪеĶˣἫΪ
֣ɫ¶οҡͷ֮䣬Ҫƺǰˣͻܴǡ˵ͻȻĿһϸĿּۡ
˭˵֮أԪ壬ڻָأ˵䣬ɫ͸һɺ䡣
ֿЦ֮ǰӵ飬򵥵˵һ£û˵Դֻ˵ȸѡֲǱԴ̫֮Ҫ
ӣ˫Ŀһ˿âֵĿ⣬Ρ
Ϊ˪ҲաӣҼסˣ˵ͷûѯʴ£ӣȴεؼΪԼ˪֣͵Ǵۣ˿ᣬԸ񣬶ӸʹĴۡ
Ϊ˴˵صĵҩĵҩ࣬ͱɵ¶ȡ˾󲿷֣ʣһЩҲֻЧֵҩ淽ʽӣɵ¶˵ûȡߡ˵ţ̻һתֵҲް˵ĵҩ취Ҫ
˵꣬һξͻһâֱӴ͸˵ĽƣڰջӰǰһȭƽ˵ɵλǰĳʽѣɷͳҩ
һЦԶȴԶһƬֵĽйâһΡ߳˲󣬵ȴ֮£˵⡣
Ρһӣ̵Ľƶʱʧƴδֹһ㣬һĻ˫ͫ͵һ
ĳ֮ǰͲ²⣬Сֵ⽣ЩԨԴȻҲµΡЦ̸һץǰһѷȻ֣ɫƿʱɳƮΡ֮ϡ
ƿƷɵá˵ţΡһӣƿҩ̷ɵǰ
Ũɫƿڴ֮Ŀ֮Уһȭסƿʶһɨû̷£Ƿ봢ڡ
ǺϸĴּۣͻȻ˵Ĵˣ
ֲɫź꣬ƽĿڵǴˣֻ֪һЩ
ԱߵڿΡֻƿɵ󣬲ɵüͷһΡȭΡǰ˲ĳʽǶĳд֮ĳʼû˵ʵĳǱӡȡĳҲǰһ֮ա
ΡĿһ̧ۣٴѷһץһΣƮɢ֮âƿƿΡ֡
ƿҩΪ쵤Ʒɵ¿ʹԪ֮˴Χ⡣
ֽӹҩʶһɨ̾͸ܵǼƿ֮Ũһ㣬ԶԶسԼղŵƿɵ
üͷ壬ȻЩ⣬ҧ֮²ٱȭ˵ǰ֪ĳ֮ɽ飬ض֮ɾ˪Ҳ֪
Ρ˫ĿʱһûѯʣٴδѷóƿҩҲû书Чֱ׸֡
ֽסʶһɨɫ˱仯ƿҩڵȻ֮ƿҪŨȻһЩ
֮ɽһŮʬŮʬţʹڡ¶׷䣬ѵõ˪ǰһһ˵
Ҳ֪öɾ˪
Ρɫ˱仯Ĺ£֮ǰѻ飬ʶһֱ̲ʣ˿̵һ˲
Աߵĺ¶һ˿໥˿ΡٴδѷһץһξȻڷɳʮɫҩƿȫӵߡ
Ρ˵ȥ
ɫŹ֣֪ˣղ˵ҩ취⡣
һδöȥ֮ɽ磬֡׷֮ɫŨȫĳ˻һһε¶΢Ц
һһ֮ɽڵһĻĻ飬˵˳ƽţҲ˻䡣
Ρ˸Ǳ뵽ʵĻ֮УҪ˪֮ʬʱ͵ı̱㱻һ˿ɱȡΡĿ⺮âһ͸һǿѹܡ
ΪԸȼһУ޻ڡૣһֱڣûаԼһС
Ϊ˱˪ʬ壬ȼջǣﵽʶѣȻ꿴Ŀ⣬һ˿
ԵΡ̾ΪȻһ۾Ϳ˵١
Ļ˪ǧԶĲлѣȻΪµ֮飬һĻĻ£дΡˣĬˡ
֮Ρ̾һȭп˵ִĳ˪л֮ǰеĪҪ֡
Աߵĺ꣬˿Ҳɫ͸ˣǷ֮ҷ򸾶˾
٣һ۾ͿԿ֮ǰĲ²⣬Ļûа֮βţ֮ݣ˵һ⡣
СֵܣΪ˪Ρ֣Ŀк¶пͣһ·ֲ֪û뵽˾Ȼ֮ˡ
ƺѾˣȴûó˪˺󼸲Ρ꣬ƽĿڵλǰʲôݣ
ɫ̺ĽΡΪͣԽǽԽ˵֮µ⡣
ˣĳݣδ˵ҵдɵдأĳΡ̧̾ͷԶɵ۶λõĺɫ͸һ˿ꡣ
ĳǵɵµһͬʱҲǶʦӡΡƽڣ˵Լݵɲǣ̱һ޷ݵƳ͸һɾ춯صİ⡣
ϡ䣬ƺԸܵΡɽķˣ
Ƕʦߵӣ˪һ𳤴󡣡
ɽٱ֮ʱٳ£ұܹһ٣֪ʦδչأҶЩѰȷʦ쾳ڡ
һ𣬳Ĭ
꿴һ̧ۣԱ߽һӣߵĽƶʱ˱仯֮ԭڵĽƣ
ӦѾղⵤƵĲͬĽΪҲȻ˲²⡭ɵ۶ʦٳڽԼнƣȫһΪʦãˣҺĽƸĶſںһ𡣡󣬿ֶУȴͬס
ֵЦԭ㣬һΪΡǰ
ΡҡͷЦҵĽ֮ȲĻ֮´ģҲͲˡ
һĴҪóʱΡɫȻһ䣬͵ػͷԶ
һ֮Цһɲǣصڡ


1053 ӵ亹
Цֵ˲䣬̿Զһͷ֮ˣ̤һ㣬Ѹ
ޣĿһ
һصӣȻԽ֮ѱס֮±ٽһ۾Ϳ֣ɫ͸졣
㾹ȻҲߵ˫¶֮â
Ρк˸һ֮ǰһָ̾һĻȻûֱ޶ȥ
̤Ա߽ڣҧָ⣬ǰѸٻһŹֵķģĸһ֣ɢĹ⡣
ʱɵ۶һнƣƻһ㣬Ȼͬһʱȫ˸ȫɢĹ⣬ӸѸƯֱյĹ޶ȥ
һĻȫǽĹ⣬źһָЩۡ
˫͵һƣ̴ھһֱХγһ
˶ҪأѰǹħ죬ǵĿ˵ͬȴҲпԺ֮֮޷򿪹ħķӡǼϱɹĻὫ󣡡ڣƾתХʹ֮ʱŤһ㣬ڶУʹ崫𶯡
ֱˣ˿ɫ԰ףԥʱóҩ߻ŰգԪת
ΣǼȥǾȲɵۣɱ˹ħ죬ֻ޵֮УʵϱҲΪܼɵΡ꣬໥֮£ټϴ˵صĽȫɺٿأ֮ǰ뿪ɳأɵ۶Ĳɵ
˫һ񶷣˭Ҳɱ˭ںĴڣȴñޱס¡
˷ǰΪ˼ɱǺ
ĿһΡΡűޣ֮кâɢһӣˮĻʧƽ˵ԣ
Ҳ˿һ֮£˵ϣȴɵһľ룬ĿһɨϣЦϵܣû뵽Ϊ˲٣ֻ˻ǲˣպΪķӣܴܵӰ졣ˣϾŽû㣬Ҳ˻ñˡ
֮ҩƿǱɣ˵֮ˣҲ㳥֮
ɫ䣬ǣⱴ̸֮е̽ȻǶＫΪ죬֪ɵ֮Ĺϵ¶΢Цȭ˾Ͷлˣ֮ˣһῴĳȻָʱ˿ɲҪʳԣ
ĿһһЦû¡
˪ʬȻ˿óΡַڻȡһĵҩ¶һ˿ݸ֡
Ƕʦ൤ԪֻҪ֮´˵ҩ˻ȫ˲ָ˵ҩҲʣ²࣬ѡڷ£ԺΣ֮ʱΡ˵䣬ɨ˱һۡⵤҩֹǲֻ࣬һںԼ
ڿɫ˲䣬̰֮ɫ൤ʵ̫Ϥˣħ͵Ϯأǹƣⵤҩ𵽵Ȼ󣬵ȴٻһЩá
һ͸ħ˺ܴչʧܵҪԭ
ֵҩ˵˹ϵĪ棬ʾֵҩɵ¶˻һЩ˵֪٣涷Ҳһ鷳Ŀǵҩջء
ŵҩû̷ʳǷ봢ڣں·Уһ·ֱǰĺ
ʼƮߣ˿ΪҪػȻ뿪
ܿ죬λõĺٽ޶¶⣬ǵʧܣͲùħȻ
Ҳδһ£ôöԸǶδɹȻ뿪
̤еĹ̾ڵϿһ޴ʯʯԼɣϿһ֣Ψһӡ
Ϊʦչ֮޹²֪仯Ϊ˸õķжǶһЩΪã֣ˣ㣬ҲԱ֮ΡԶһۣƽ˵
ĿһЩ͸ɵ¶ˣﾹȻŽ룬Ҫ١
ǹޣȻҲѯʣƱͬ뷨
ȥô࣬ˣ¹죬һͿȴẦҡƮֵߣ佣ķʽ
ֵͷ˫Ŀһϥ£ûзʳɫ裬ó֮ǰõҩϸ˼ۺ󣬷һһ£Ŀˡ
˵ˣʶȴûзգ˵ӰһЩ˵ٶȣȴҪô
ʱ仺عȥתۼ죬ڣΡҲϥڴǹޣͬˡ
³һлָǴҩ㹻ٴóһЩ鿴¡
ֻʶȴʼڴڵȣӵ٣ˣӦǵһߡ
ʱں㣬˲֪ͻţֵƣڷ˴ҩ󣬽شڻָУһգڴڵȴĵڶʮ졣
ԼĪʱ֣ʼմΡ꼸ͬʱ˫ۣſڣ޸ǿһĿȥ
ʶд˫¶֮âſڡ
ڴ߽һˣһŮӣȫѩЩѩ裬ܣȥΪѤ
ջĿ⣬һ֮ˣеκһʥŮķŮӡ
ɫƽ̤Ŀһɨ϶࿴һۣû˵ϥһԽ䡣
Ůº󲻵㣬ʶٴ˲⣬ֻڴڣȻӰ
ӡǺˣ
̤˲䣬̾˵Ŀ⣬Ӹһ۾Ϳ֣˫Ŀ˲ɱ˸
ֵɲǣҲӣкâ¶ƽĿڵˣ֮ˣ
ֻµ˲䣬ΡȻӣǹޣҲͬЦЦĿӡ
˫ɱһɫǰƮӵľ룬ֻҪһᣬͻ̳֣ԸոɵĲӳֲʵΪֳ
ͻһĻӵ亹˲ϢʹӶͷڳļôҲû뵽µʱδֲ֪ʲôȻǰЩΪ֣
ɵ£ǹŹֵĹͷ֮ˣ˸ĸоԼ۷֮ʱҲҪοδԪʧһ룬ΪӴԲڡ
ӲаٶҺˣ˿̱ĿпԼһٶͻ˵һ
Ϸ˳ӣʦܣλǺ⣡ǿ򶨣ϧ̧ˡ


1054 ѹ
ˡΡ䵭ӣҡͷøߵݡ
Цɨһۣˣ򸾶ˣĴδ˵ΪߣҲ˵ʵݣ˸֮߰ΡȻԸ񣬼ǵɽ磬Ҳ֪
ֻڣıʣΡԸѹ¶ǹİȴ¶޷ĥ
Ρˣǵɽһǿɵصĵӣɽ֮ʱҲǺպ֮˳֮ʱлû˴ڣֻһȺ½ʿѡ
ޣҲһЦоǳ֮ɫΪ֯Ȼ伥֮ڽ֮ʱɽ¡
˵֮أЩͨܶʿҲ֪һЩй˵飬Ⱥ֪ܶģϸ
ʦӣҲǸ֮Ŵɽδ֮ʱ½ʿ֮еٮٮߣɽ٣ȫðһɽ磬뵱ʥԼܶ൱ʿͬᡣ
վȻ֪Ըַɽ󲿷ֵĴУˣұ޵Ҳֻ㡭ҡҡͷгŨ
ɫǰ˵ɫĺŭȴѹһָ֣ڵС˽˶ԹոλѼȻ棬ݻݣϷŵﶴڣѰС鷳ظλҲΪ˹ͬһ㣬α˺ǶڽһӰ죬δЩֵ
ͷתѸ˵⻰˵ĺļƣʾҳŵﲻѰ鷳ָӦԴΪأɱ
ΪܱƵ˵˻Ȼһδй飬еһ˿ȫϣɱ˵أȴ֮ŸŨ
ԱߵĺˣĬ˳ԶϥȻǱ¶̬ȡΨǴɫ԰׵վԱߡ
ΡĿջأɱӣ˵ѣȴǻЩ鷳˱ϾҲʿ˵ˣȻʦܣȻҲһЩͨ뷨ӪʦΪأΪɱˣҲ輱һʱ
ۿƺҪƽҲ˿ʱվӣɲǣӵ˫Ŀͫһ֡
ֵ˲䣬ԱߵȫâͬһѳϵʱͻһâȻֱӶȥ
ɲǣһ˫Ŀ̾ͳ˻棬ȼ֣ӷȥ̾ǰûһͷȸ
ȸ˻һȶ¼Ľͬʱӡ
ɱ¶ǰһӣ̾һɫƾճ֣ǰۺɨ
ΡԸʱ֣Ȼ֣ȻΣָ˪ʬ֮Ҳ
̾УΡǰһָ̾һɫˮĻͻȻ֣ɢ֮âֱǰ̫죬˲ٽɫǰ
⣡ΡƽĿڡ
һֳڵ˲䣬ˮĻɲǻһƬˮɢȴεɫܣһɢȻ֮£ȫɫڡ
кƾֹֹͣתһɳܺɨ
ӵһļ˵ǣֵȳ֣ƻĹһֵĵĻҲɵЩľĹΪͣ
ĺʿҲ
ɫеı̾ʹͨȸ˻гֱӴ͸˱ɳڳʱ˲ϢγޱɢֱӶȥ
ֵĹٴóĻӲδУģΡԼޡ
˿ֵĹһĴжһɫСȻǰһģ̱һƬϻ
ϻҸһ֣㻯һƬ̶֮ͬõϢƣٵȥ
һЦѸǰһһ֮¶ʱ˾ͳ̶ԣ̶ݺݵһ̾кХ֮صһƬ̶ͬһ㣬Ȼȫ뱴޿С
¶̰֮â촽޸ǰһΣٽӣǰݺݵһץɫ䣬Ӻԥۺˣ˫ǰȥ¡¡ľصڡ
˿̣ͨȸҲ˲ٽŨŨˣһֱӳȥŭһڵԪȻڻû⣬ֵȸٽɲǣһָȥ
ǿΪһָ֮£ȸһķѣɢͬʱӸûаͣһͼҪ˦ޡ
֮ٸ죬Ӷ׷𣬸֮ϵĻصÿһӵɫ԰һЩ
׷ȫȻּ̧䲻֮ͨͨ£ۻңӸûлֻ֮ܲϵغбֿ
ӸоͷʹģǱȸȻڻһۣ³ΪȸԱ֮ǰҪŨҵĻ棬һγӡ
ƾ뱴׷λȸһ𣬻ֻۣȸǲ֮꣡
â׷ϣȴ׿ӣһѰҵᣬͻһ
Ǵ˿ԥҪǰȻȥĿ̾뵽֮ǰڵһڣǰĻĿ
̧ŲֹסʶıֵܹĿ⣬ҪͷʱϨ
ɫԽӲ԰ף˵ҲˣĽģΡȻҲվӣһ֮뱴γɼлԼӡ
λ£˷ɵ۶֮УϷκζҪҳŵȫƿɵ۶һзӡۿΡҪ֣̽Ĵ
Ρ˫ĿһǱҲ˫ۣ׷Ĳһ١
ʱͻȻв֣ȴ٣Ӵ⻺߽Ǻ«ߣֱ̤
ڵһĻһΨӣĿ͸һȻɫЦЦɨһۡ
ңһΣҪˡ˵˲䣬֮£۵ȸȻδȫϣԺһɢ
һ˲䣬Ľ⣬Ȼ֮ǰδй֮һ˿οϢֱӶȥ


1055 ɽ
ǰ͵תҪʩչͨʱ˫΢ӽҪʩչͨȻһ٣һ֮ͨϡ
ɫ˲䣬һɲǣĽâХ䴩͸˻棬ֱӣ̫죬һ֮£ǰء
һصһѪ˵˵˫̴̤̱֮֮һƬĩ
ǽɢ»ӣɫ԰ףȫ͸ɢƺʱʧӰȻӵһ˵Ҳͬ
˺վΡߣִ֣һɱȴ֮ǰƣʹ˸أ
˵꣬ϥһԣѸ˴ǲ֪Ӻδó˵ҩ£ⵤҩרΪ׼δ裬һ
ɫѪɫƱأһ·Ӳѹʹ䲻񻯣ȴƴһ֮£ƱΪٴε䣬˵δڣǼȥȴҲԶ˿ΪȻһθܵ˺䣬֮£ٴ˳Լ£ǿѹ£ֻһжһѪ
ϴɫǿĶӡ
ɫ糣ӵĿûκβʣƽ˵ӵѣڵ㣬ŻϷ˵ţӿΡ꣬ȭЦɵϷһ飬ҵһ˽˶Թʹ˰ݣսһΪãΣ
ɫӵİг֣ο˿̳ĬվӵԱߣĿĿֵˡ
Ǻ«ߣҲǳĮĿˣվλãȴı¶վһ
ͬʱԶʼһﲻʥŮķŮӣվӣᲽԱߣĿһɨϣѣݻ뿪֮䣬֮롣
˫֮˳Ǻ⣬ƺȻͥĿһΡȭ֮޷һлǰᡣ
Ρڸղǰ֣˵Щϲ˿ֺ֪̿Ȥ˵ͷĿϣƽ˵ãһ˽˶ԹݻᣡΣλѿĪҪ֣һᴫͽȥڵ߲Ļ͡
Ρ˵꣬ӵ˺Цͷ󣬺ߵʯǰַ̧棬һʯʱϹ˲ҫǴ֮ҡһ㡣
˲Ϣ䣬ĵ˴Ƭѷ죬Ȼ¶·ǿһ֮˵ˣӳڣһһɢ
ǱΡţ̤·ǺǿյĴڡ
ɵ۶߲㣬ǰȻͬ˵ûκθ¥һƬԳһ磡
ⲻĿռڣмλһ緢Ļɽĺܣк¡¡ľ첻ϵػصż䣬ŨŨĻӻɽˮһɢ䡣
Ҳƹһ㱻ָƯһƬҽ֮ϣʱҽɢŨŨĸ¡
˱̾ͱ˴˸Էֿ˲ͬλã˸У˴˵أڿܵһɲǣüͷ
ԣ
һͼܵĵ߲㣬Ȼͬûа֮Ŀ¶ԶȥֻһϣܣͬԻ֮ɫ
ȥ֮ʱҲ֣Ͳ²ֻлԵɵ۶Ϥ˿̿Ŀеɻ¶Цҡҡͷ
ջĿ⣬Ǻɫм٣Ȼͬı仯ã
˵һƬƽ̹Ψһɽǽڰ˲ڣɽڲݿÿһ˶С
Զɫ԰ףǱ˵ػҫȻûаַؿڣʹʱĴ˿дһֹĽʹ˿ʼ޷ȫϡ
ӣ֣ǽ飬˳ϷסˣʮٱϷģɫܡ
ģɵ۶ҲϷȥ˵ؾȻŨĻԪǻС֣Żָ̾һ𣬳һͷ亹
Ϊĵ䣬ȻľҲ˱仯׾Ͷŭѹĵķ꣬ǿԼƽ
Ρǰһ˺ߣһͬ磬ֱǰɽȥ˿ӵҲǷ׷ֱмɽ
Ǻ«ߣкˣͬʱɨһۣͬȥ
ֲŲ̤ջǰУ֪ΪȲǰЩϹ֣Ȼȥͷ󣬶ǻǰС
ԶͬҲһ˻ʥŮķŮӣĿϣŲһͣڵ֡
ɫ䣬ǷŮפ㣬ԴԱ߳ɻƹԶԶıܿԸദٽǰɽ
ǷŮۿƿһҲͬᣬӻһ磬ɽ
ǷŮȥ˫ۿؼ֮â˸˵˵ͼܲһһ·ȴǴѵĵϣһЩдۼ
Ȼǰɵ۶߲㣬ֻ޷²ıʣӶ´˵ػһƬ𺣷档
ǰǸƵĻɽֱ˫ۣʶ֮۾ȷԼĲ²⡣
ɽƾճ֣Ǳ֮ͨŲƶڵԽٽ뷨Խõ֤ʵ
ǻɽ£ַɽʯṹȫͬ
ҲһɽĹŹ֡վɽ£żȥϥ£Ŀ˸ܣĿԱߵǾ޴ѷʵҽŨŨĸɢȴûκβʣּΪĸоڵԪҲԾ
˵صıʣ˵ȴкôַ£ֱѷڵҽڣʱ͸ܵһŨĻԪҽڣ޾
ҽУڵĸ¶˵һ£ԪȻתԳѭΪһУתУ̾ʹڴΪҽڵĻԪʱӿȻ˳ֻرڡ
ɵ۰׷ͨѧᣬˮʦ˵Ǻʽǰ׷ͨڣкʽеĵһʽɽɱˮʦʩչɽΪơ˼һջԪһ߿ǰĻɽ
ֵҷ˺ӡǵĺˣͬûнɽϥԶѷҽڣһҽڵĻԪĿ⣬ʱ֣¶ɵ벻ơ
ȸ˻ȸҵ᲻ڶξѡ


1056 
ɵ۶߲ڣԵԪΪŨҽڣˣֵգ̾дĻԪϸһӿڣԪлƣѾӦ˻ԪԪ
һּΪĸоӿ֮ǰڵ˵ڶĵҩָʼջûг˿մ˵صĻԪֵƣֿʼ˻ָ
˵ȴҲֿϣ
ֻ¾˶Ѿ˵˻ɽڲİ̾ڵ˵һУѯʹΡйֶҩƽ֮
ֻǵɽ磬Ρ˺ٽӴҩ֮йţҲ֪һЩȴ֪壬һ⿪˾ͽ֮ϣҪɵ˪ϡ
֪޷߲㶺̫ãԪתУ̴Ϊ˲Ϣ˳ִҽһЩԪֳ֣һԾֱɽڶȥ
˲䣬ԶǺҲͬԾ𣬴һֱɽ
ˣע⵽˶ԷȻԼһջԪüͬӡǣֺǾ衣
ٶȲ죬ͬɽ´𣬽˻ɽ˵һ޴ĻɽڣŨŨĺ̴ðɢ
иɽڸʯҲµĸʴ£˵δȴͨһƬȥǴĿġ
վڻɽڣƮһƬƬɫʯ֮ϣɫ糣˵صĸûдκβʣͷһ·ɽڱһƬ֣ڸӰһĺƮ죬ʱ˳Żɽڷҡϡ
ûԥһͬһǣֱɽڲȥһ·ʶܣֱ߳£룬ɽڲƮḷ́ʱɢ
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˫¶֮â³ٶȸ죬Ǻͬһ£ȴһξ룬ɲΪֵ̫ɱ
֣ͨݵĽӴ뿴һĻĻȻ֪ԷǵУɱϣĺĻ֮ˣڴ϶ܴ죬ΪΧ³
κһˣֵλ滻Ƕڶǿ֮࣬ǽѹУ֮ʹһʱ֮ѡ
뵽мɵиֳڵһڣǰĿԴǣǱӵƣʹú˼¡
ط˵ջԪ֮£һл֮ȸ硣
Ҫ̴ˡѣѣѣİ̾
˵һ˼Ȼ֪˿ٶԽԽ죬ϵǰӿˣ³̺ĸԽԽǿܵĻɽڣʯѾѷ죬ɫȻǳ죬ǷȻ̺Ļ𶾸ࡣ
˵صĻɽڲһƬ⻬еĵط͹һΣһ͹ʯϣʯ֮ѷڶ࣬һƬ֮ɫ̴ɢƯȥ
վʯϵһ̣ʯ·дƬʯվڻ䣬޾ɫ·
µ˲䣬͵ǰݺݵһ·緢ˣʱǰıȫС
һĻͷ·ɻ𺣣˸ǻʵʣγɻ棬ڣ˳һɫ˺󣬵˫ȴǼΪ
Ԫתϵ̧֮ͷһϷһٴ³ɽڲ
ӰȥãǺ͹Ĵʯϣһ˿Ȼ
ɻ֮һӣԪǱŰԼǲɣֻ赼һȥա
һ·ٶԽԽ죬ûã㽥ɽĵײԶԶأĿ͸һƬ·һС
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кƮ˵ƶ£һ緢
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ֻǴ˿̣⹬ŹرգԺɫѪҺɷдһӵֿ֣Ƿģȴֲ
ӣ͸һɷ񣬸ǱʷƼ䴫ߵأתǬơ
ڿֵɲǣ˫Ŀͫ͵һϳ֣ڹһԣͬҲǹħ֡
ħһħ֣
⹬⣬˿Ρ건޵ˣһڣֳƮڰգǴ֮š
Ǻ«ߣд˿ʩչͨϵǹչصֻڴ˵˵ĳ£صƱָ֧飬޷̫Զγɲ˻
ֵ٣ʹ̧ͷĿ͸ɱ⣬ܿڴ
һΣƮΡԣǹţüͷ˿ͺԪ֮ûԼٶȺȻٽǴţһǴϵħ֮һ֣̾ҵ˸ȴû˿
ڰ˲ڵķӡϷ򲻿һ˵˺棬Ǵ«ߣҲҡͷ
ΡҲüͷӡ˸ղҲԹջ޷ʹӡƿд˷ӡڣ޷빬֮ڡ
ֶǹϵħ֮һ֣֪ԼΪЩϹǰȻԼ֣һˣϥ˲Զһ͹ʯϣ˫Ŀһգʼɣ˵ʶȴǾ衣
ֲԶһԵһЩʯϣǷŮվƮѩת֮µֿ˵صĸ£ѩ£µʯҲƺҪ
ʱȥֺ󷽵ĺˣҲСĽƮһԣǹĬ
⹬ϵħ֮һ֣̺ķӡ֮Ρڵˣбޣ½֣ո˫֮˽ϣ¡¡صȻƿЩȥˣɽγ˻һ̾ʹôƬʯϷ¡
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ڱ޵һ֮£˵̻֮ͨһ籩ɨֱǹȥһ춯֮ɽƶڲ·ҽŭ˰𣬷ضɽҡ
ǹ֮ϵħ֮һ֣̱Ŵ򿪣ǴŴ򿪵˲䣬ȴоȻ֣


1057 ϶
ħ֮һɢŴ򿪵ɲǣ·ǳɺҽʱҵķƵҽڳͬʱҽ֮Ȼһƿͬ˾һ㣬ֱϷȥ
һĻͷһ޷ݵĳ֮ƶҽգɽ
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ʵҲȷˣŴĺ̲ϵر˲䣬˵صվͱ˿͸ʹأһӱ㱻˺ڰ֮УΨеһʵҽɢ֮âԼܡ
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ֻǣ˵ٶȻһҽ˵ҲЩͨʿ⣬˳ȥҽߴɲǣ̴ǰɫҽڣ̾һֱֻȻһѾץסǴ
Ǵ֮Ҫ㣬ֱ֮ȴ̫˲ͱɨ֮ҽڡ
ͻһĻʹʿһ
һδҽĳһŭҽڳһƬ¡¡Ļصʹܵʯٴα
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ȫû˿һƬֺһΣֱ˶ȥĿһ˫΢ţ˵һЩǰеĺߣȻһ١
һ֮ʣӴһ˦ֱʱǺȴӺȻ̾һ̾һƬ𺣸һ֣ʱͻһӴޱȵĻֱһɶȥ
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յ̫࣬׾ŵ֮飬ֵķ֮飬ӦþͷһеĻ
ֻվӣҽǰȥ߳ûֺȻŲһ٣ԶֻǴ⣬һŴؿ
ϸһݣɫŹ˿̣ڵʿҲ֡
ˣǱɵķŮǴ˿̻ԣȫһƬߣ׶ΣǷŮѩȻʧü֮ϣһѩĺۼɢʹ
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ѹЩ˶ڵʥ˼ɵû뵽ȸ֮󣬴˾Ȼڻ棬˿µĵֿ֮ŮӶ֣ҽѾͣµʱ䣬ʼ޷ǰ̫죬ҵ˴Ǵȴʼջԣǹڳ˻֮
޷ѣԷŮӵΪҽ˵ʦͷǰȴЩѣµʱ䣬ҵǴڣȴû뵽Ȼ￴֡
ڿֵ˲䣬Ůӱпһ£ɫ˽ٿԸٶȣֱǴȥ
ͻȻļ٣˲ȣǰкҪ˿ǷŮȴǹ˲ô࣬Ѹľ롣
ɫĮҽһ֮ŮǴڵݣۿҪԽԽǷŮɫΪ²͸ֵ˼ȴ֪ߵĴһˣȴ˹ڣǰؾΪɱ
֣г𣬵Ҷȴûκγ϶ŮӿȻٽʮɣ̴˵


1058 
ɫʼձ䣬˲ͿԽʮɵľ룬ǷŮݵ棬ĿǻԵĴһۡ
Ů¶裬üѩĺۼϵ˸˿ļΪţⰲҽڣԷһΪûκֹ֮Ψһ̵ģüѩӡǣʦķ֮
ʥŮֶŷŮӣƽĴһҽںϣƻصȻʹǷŮڵݣ˾ҵĲʱԱ
Ůɫ̲԰ףҧ´ҡͷ˵ҲʥŮҴʦǡ
ʲôϵһָǴʵ
֮ĳŮӲҲش𣬴˿ֻҪִݣзԵֿҽߵĴȴ̾ͻᱻҽ䱾Ѿ˻𶾵ӣΪأпܾʹ
йȴûе㡭㡭ûȷŮ˵꣬˫Ŀͫһæ˺󼸲üѩʱûǰ˸
ֻ˵䣬Ȼһʹ͸ݣվ˷ŮӵĶ档
ķֽڣӣĿ˻еĴϣĿ¶֮âǷŮӣָûзǶԷѩķҲ˿ۡ
ҪʲôŮ̧ڴüĺ̽Ҫֹ
Ҫֵɲǣֲδͷһָ
룡
ȻʩչǷŮȻһ٣˵סǰѩȴǻܣܵķ
ֲȥŮӣʳָڴüģŶԷ˿ػ𶾣Ԫǻ֮ʱʶȻ˳ָڣ֮Ϻɨ
һĻĻļ䣬˲ϢͳֵУ˵ΪҪߣ˿ǰ֮£ȴǱƾʶԿһ䣬Ůӵ˵ҪҪģǴŮļ䣡
֮йصһм䣬ڱصãҪ˽֮˽ԭ֮ǰΪڴԲʱǿգ֮ڣǸΪ֮ʹӰ
ʶһһɨֽض֮һЩ˽⣬ɫЩҪ֮Ųϵص䣬ǴӲëᶶϣ¶ȻĶ졣
ֵѻ֮£ȻʹôŮڵĻ޷ѹƣ˱ļԱ߱סķŮ¶ֵĿ⣬ǳ˺⡣ֻΪֵĶ£޷
ǴкɨͻȻһҵҪĶڴŮУȻһ߰Ӱ
Ӱ֮֮ˣ
ʥŮľüɫ¶ӣָ̧
ʥŮһƬ羴˽ⲻֻ֪࣬ʥŮ޹Ϊ죬ʥŮȫ޴˹һԲΪ֮ڵǿߡ
ϧ˹ƺʶ˵һʥŮ⣬δ˳ɹΨߴʥŮľüƺСɡ
üľü񴫳ľʹǿԸܵڵƽƺΪԼ񲨶Ҳһ˿ѵļ
ƽֵľͬƽһʼһԸֻԸһֻһΣûеõ𰸺һֱһȥû
룬Լĸһۡ
ֳĬվӣŮӣڴļ֪ŮüʦãͬһĹѰĳϵǴ䳤󣬺Ϊüʦá
¶⣬ƽĿڵһڱɣ
Ǵ˿ȫһƬֺ죬һĺ죬дĺˮӴڳת۾ͻ˿˿Ʈ
ǳȥ˶ãͻΪһ߸ʬԪҲʵϼֲȥ䣬Ҳͦ˶ã˵᳤һЩɡ
ͬ⣬ǿһʽףҾ˽ڰ˲㣬ҪѰ䣡ƽ˵ŮѡǶԷͬҲͰˣǲͬ⣬Ҳ֡
ŮӲЦֻеļᶨΪ˱ѩȻѰضҪһЩ
ҹ۲֮£ѰҵģȻԼĴʦйءԼͬ⣬Ҳûκô
˵ͷŮӷ˷
ֲ˵Ǵһɨ̾ŮǰȻһȻֱӾʹ͸ݣֱǰȥ
ܿٽ˴һ̤֮ڡںһָǰʱеҽӿȻӿȥֻƬ̣ڱκҽ֮Ÿһرա
˵ҽڣȻɢŨŨĸ£ִһ˦ŮǴһԡ
Ǵһץ̷ǰ£˿ûһŮӣ֮Ůϣÿһ£ŮƤһ֡
Ů弸һƬȻŮ飬ݺݵһʱŮڵĻ𶾷ã˳ȫС
أӻָֻǼΪһߡ
ڣˡֿŮӡ
Ůҧ´ĬƬ̺ϥڵϣüһ㣬ѩѸɢȫʧ˫һ
ûκϧ֮ģֻһס˲˷Ůüģʶʼ䡣
ŮӲȴҧ˵ΣȴҲôԵ֮ˣ֮ʱֻҪŮӲ㲻ǿƿһУҪŮǷȫķ֮
ֽĶľü˽̧֣֮࣬ɫиӸŨ
л꣬޴˻ڶྭвͬ⾳ʼģշһɾ
֮۷ֻ֮ͨеһʥŮɹ˺ʥŮȫʧܣʧ˱Ķ
ľüΪߴʥŮȻ֮ݾ޴ַ֮󣬲ȥģ÷дܶµʶ˿֪ڣΨдﵽҪ֮󣬷ɿ䴫У뱾ںϡ
飬ʶҲ飡
ķҲʥŮһֻоŸ
ŸѡǣǾ˺ļ֮󣬷ȷأǰ˸ȫԲ˴֮ѡ
Ÿȴȸǣ⣡ʲô⣬ŮӲֻ֪֪ھŷΪüʦΪ˷һ֮С


1059 
Ůɫ԰ףͷڳ㺹˵ˣѼ˺ȴǲϢͿɻָ
̾ʥŮȻҪĴ𰸣˵ȫֵ˽⣬ǿԿһЩڡ
ĬƬ̺Ŀ˴һɨѰҵ˿֮
󷨣˿Խڰ˲㣬Ϊֽ֮Ųһ˴˵شӰʧ
Ǵ˵ûɱȴ֮ʱй֪Լصһм䣬ǰ˽ƣǴǾݣֱƣ
ɵ۶ڰ˲㣬ֽɲǣ̾Զ¡¡ľ죬ԪĲص
ڰ˲һƬڣȫں֮Уʶ޷ɢԶĶߣ¡¡ľȴԽԽ٣Լиŭص
ƺ
˫Ŀأϸ˰죬ȥӸһ˺ǰȴ˲˿̵ӼΪǱɫ԰ɫ¶֣ǰһںڵӡӡֱӡƤϣǰУ׷ӡӿȥ
ǺһħӰһ޴ħͷǰӶݵҪһɶȥ
о֮ɫŨҧ֮ȴ͵תſھһԪ֮ǰһץʱǰ̾һѷ֣ѷһ˸ͷ֮ޣ˲Ϣͺֱħͷȥ
ͬȫˣдѪ£¶ʹ˿Σȴɲ룬ͺȵѪȣ
˵УüһģʣԪ֮ʱɳǳħͷֱȥ
뱯һȴûзƾԪ֮䴩͸ȫѪʱͰѷԲȫ
޻֣һȣʱȫһѪɲǣ̾ͳ֮ꡣ
֮һ֣һΨԪԲԪڣͬס
֮гħͷʱ˺ҧһͼֹħͷ׷֮Ѫ˫һƬѪ˿ͬڵѪ
ޣ꣬ȻΪкѷָһ֣˿̣ȴòɱ˴ޣѪ޻꣬߻ɳ
ͺ˫һָǰܵѪҺֱ֮ħͷȥѪҺڸһ˿ɫ͸֮£ܵĺȻɢ˴룬û˿谭ƵЩѪҺȫħͷۡ
֣ң˵֮գһ˿ԵֿԺΪ֮ͣѡΪ˴ͽЩûнУʸһģΨ֣
ոսڰ˲㣬̾͵Ǳϧ룬ڰ˲˽󵽵׷ʲô飬˲ԤС
˿̱Ҫѯ﷢ıʣ¶ϣһ֮´Ӻ߳ϻֱһԾҪʩչ֮ͨ
һͨڴûκôǻôɣ̴˵ͬʱһĴжһѺɫСǰһӶȥɫС̵һֱǰٽħͷ˲䣬ʹĵͺȣ
һСʱһγһɻԵħͷڣħͷʱ֮
ħͷУһħֻħ죬ɢħ˵ƣȴһȻͬ
ħĿڣȻǵ㣡һ˸ǵ㣬߸Ψһɢħ
˿ħʹ֮£Ŀǵ㼱תΨһһҫģǷŨħʹħɭ֮С
ħһΣȻ޻ľֱȥͫһȭֱǰһ
ӰûڣҲδ¶һȭȥɲǣȴǹħȻһ𣬳ȥһ٣͵תħֱĶ֣Ȼ˻һƬħӰֱ֡
ȻϳֵĹϢ
תͳһڰ׶ƵԲ̫ͼһץ֮£̺ڰ׶˲ͻ֮еķޣ
֣һ֮£̴˱϶ʱ֮ϾȻ̳˶֮Ƥ¶һ˿˿⡣
ħӰٽ˲䣬޶ʱһɨȥžһ˹ħϣǹħһ٣֮Ȼ˴ħǳʹ֮¼˫ĿһƬѪҪٴγȥ
еȴһκɨХ˹ħϣžһǹħٴβûͣ٣ϵس֮£ǹħ˾£ˡ
˳ʮɵɲǣħȻѸת۾ͻһ޴ĺɫӡźХֱֶ֮ȥ
СģħƿԴ͸һз򿴵ħƵɲǣһؿڵƣħƶΪ
ڿħƵ˲䣬˫¶⣬޴ħƣһּΪϤĸоٵɲǣĿһ̧֣иֵ֮ɽһƾ֮ʽ
һƣҲᣡΪ۷壬ӵ˹̧֮е֮ɽǾ޴һи֣ȡһУΪ㣬һӿ֣ǰȻһĶȥ
һ֮£ɫ䣬¡¡ľεض𣬸ܵĺпɨȫܷ
һ̺һϵΨҶƣһƻ裬ֵǰһصľ޴ӡûǰһ޷ݵѹȥ
˲䣬ǹħӡһ𣬵һ죬ضħƺȻħ۳ɹħӣ˿̵¶Ȼһ̺ˣҪӶݡ
ֵһƣȴǲδɢһַƣֱǰɨɵ۶ڰ˲ĺȫȻһ֮£֮ǰһͨӡ֮£ǹħ޷ӳƬ̺ͱ׷ϣӡڴ͸һĲҽдǹħĿһѵɲǣ۾Ȼɳֱǰȥ
ӡûͣ٣Ǽǰһ·谭ĸ¥ȫȻӡķھͷڰ˲λùıԵ
һλõľ޴󹬵Ȼ䱻ȥһ룬¶ڣʮյ̨һɨ˲䣬Ǿʮյ̨нյȼյһҵĻζȻϨˡ
ΨһڵǸ˿ҲϨļ󣬵ڻ
һУ¶֮ɫ֣һ̣Ȼ籩


1060 һָ
ߣԴǼ˳ӡĵ·ֱǰ˿̵оǱôƽһ֮ǿҵĸоԼֻǷӳ˺ССһֶѣȫӡɵ۶һŲ㣬һȫ飡
̸󣬿ֵĿ⣬ɵԽԽ͸ˣΪȴ˸ߣɱϱذɣ
磬ֱǰƬ̾ǰλñȥһľ޴󹬵ǰ֮ʱĿһ۸óѵĵҩУһĴ£һȴŮӳߣĿ⣬һɨ
ͫĶ֣иĪ⣡
׽͸ΪͨһеһУΨиĪֲſݣһֻһùĪ⣬Ǿӣֶһ
ûʹΡ͵裬ѰɵѸֲղŵһƶʧĿԪԪţȻƺ֮ǰʩչ
ָֻոմҽ뿪ڳ˱תĻԪ⣬дԪµ£ϵȸͼҲ˲١
µĴУȴǷ֣ԼȸͼյĻԪתԼڣһ֣Ҳҽڶ˳ʱԭ
µҩûжȸͼڵĻԪ֮ټϵҩָ
ܿλõǲде̨ΨһڵȼգڿһˣĿһɨƽĿڵ﷢ʲô飡
̤¶֮ɫ˵һ˴ӵ߲ʱ˵ûкȴڽ󣬴ͨھŲ˲䣬ħӰڳ̾ʹ˺
ħӰ̫죬˲ͱˣΡҲڱͻȻ͵Ϯ£ɱ֣ͬǱޡں꣬δü֣̱ھŲڡҲǱһֻħӰˣ£ܵһУʶҲ޷͸
֮ǰľ򵥵˵һĽüͷľӰޣֲ⣬֮ڣΣ˵ûϵ־š
ң뵱ڣ־͵˹ϵʦʩչһͨһĻ̡
պӴ࣬ÿÿ£ȷ˲²⡣
ֻ֮ڣõһɢħȻǰֻ˺ܶࡣ
ִڣţֻҪԼóȻɫ䣬ʹӣҲɫб仯
ħӣ֮䶨ȻйϵֲɫдĴһĿΨһȼյһۡ
ο˵أֲòȥھŲ㣬˾ͽϣҪȥ˾ͽ˵ûнȴǼţ˾ͽϵΪǰھΣ
ڵھŲ㣬˾ͽϽⶾϣڵھŲ㣬еĶˣַ֪ھŲڵΣΪΣ֣Ϊˣ
Ҫȥԥһ¡
ֵͷ
ĬƬ̣¶һ˿૵ˣΪʱձϷ˺ܶ࣬˵Ϸħ٣һްԵ⾳Ǿʹ뿪ϷҲģӸڣϷʲôǰһֱ̨ռ֮ǰ꿪ķѸٰѵ̨Ū¡
ʱʮŸ̨̻ƶ¡¡죬ƶУڳһ޴󷨡
Ĺ̨ڴȻ;ҵҫʮŸ̨˿ڣʱͳһõĹȦŨŨĺǹȦڷɢ
ҧ֮£һǹȦڣתʧûԥŮʬ̤˹ȦС
ɵ۶һ㣬ھŲ˲䣬ھŲڣǰ˲һһĴУϵĺӰȻ̧ͷ˫Ŀ¶üֻ֮һ˸ǹܣ޾ϵسҪǹɡ
ڵĴ⣬˿̺¡¡ϣŭ㴫Ȼڴ⣬ڽżΪҵɱ
⣬˼ȫڣֻ˿̣ˣǻڴ֮⣬˿⹬⻷ħӰЩħӰһѪĳܵʿϵضԿƾЩʿνħӰʼղɢ
ǱƼˣħӰֱӱγһɻԵĳֱɢһ͵´˵صˣһʱ֮䴦ڲ֮С
ɫ԰ף˿ϥڲԶһںѪѸǰ£ٴѹơ
ԱߣǺѪɫͬϥ˫ȴĶǰ
һ˫ɨÿһζоͨûϵƿһгħӰΡ˿ɫˮĻ죬ǰչ
ԭжһʦأǺ֮꣬ǰھŲ̾ͱȥΡŸ˱޻ᣬӸǳΡˣΡҩ̫࣬ʳ֮²ȥ뱴ɱǳھŲѰҺꡣ
һ棬ȫݺᣬγ˳棬ڣйӰûӰʵȴǼʵʣϢ
ּ̧ͨûϵǰĺħӰУǴ죬ħӰΪħҵҪ㻹Ҫٿģ
ش޵ģһ˲ɳƮޣ̺һħ
ޣħĶᣬͻ֪ڵңжħ
Ŵ˻Ρ˫һ죬˫ǰһƬɫȴתоͻһƬϴ󺣣գͬĺΡһͺ£޾캣Ȼֱĺȥ
Ǻ«ҲʩչֱͨڵħӰչɱ
˿ҲֻȴǸΪĿ͸ǰĺħ̫ǿΪ壬ħϵ͸£Ȼѵֿ
Ҳڴ˿̣Ȼ٣ھŲڲ󣬳мĹһ̿ǰǰδеļ֮ս
Ǳ޵ĹӰΡŭһ̣Ŀ¶֮â̧һָգеһָ
һʱΡͨĺˮУ̾һ˰Уһѹѹ£һ޴ָǺˮ·Ĺݺݵش


1061 
캣¡䣬Ҫһдڣ֮ڣͨһָȻ٣й˫ۣ쿪ӰȻ壬һ֮±жʮĸСûڹӰ⡣
ŹӰǰһָǶʮɫСʱɢ޷ѹڻûһħһЩϹʱڵޡ
أ
ͨһ̣ȫֱħȥҲǺݺݵһҧҪ֣ٺȴֹͣ˹
ߵǸˣͬûг֣¶һ˿̰⹬˵ɵأйħڣڶ࣬ȱٴͨʿħҲҪڴˡ
ֻҪһ֮ѪҵͿɣʱ˶ȻҰΪΧ
Ǻ«ߣҲĿһͨȻ˼¶̰һ·ߵ󣬵Ҳû̫ۣĿģΪ˴ϵõܣǻصͨ
ӡΡǿߵͨȻ٣һ˲䶼ĲȻĹѣҪһ㡣
һָĽ٣̺Ȼ䣬س׵ıɵ۶Ҳʼ˾ҵ𶯣һŲ㣬ȫܵӰ졣
ټϹɫСڻûڶӰ𶯵Ȼɵ۶֮أ
ı̾ʹھŲڼΪ˷棬ͨٵɲǣħɳƵŭĴĺɨأǿֱײ
䣡
춯صȻصǰȥδٽ̸ܵһɹ޷ĳ֮
ͨײɫ䣬˷ƵһĻֵ˲ϢУǵڰ˲Ĵڣһյ̨֮𣬾ҵ˸˼º󣬻Ϩˡ
Ϩ˲䣬ھŲںдϵӣüĵĹɢʱͱܵħȻ룬ռ̨ȫλá
һɲǣ͵̧ͷ˫۵Ļ˲Ϣʧȡ֮ģһ޷ݵĿħ棬Ŀа˸ǵ㼱ٵת¶һ˿΢ЦӻشУվ
Ѿ꣬壬ڣ޷ƶ㣬˿̣ˣ
վɲǣһħȻڵĴ£ѷ죬һȫܺɨȥ
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һɲǣ⹬ΡŹűģӰ¶ʹࡣ
ʦ𣡣
ӵ˫Ŀڣ¶һ˿ȴһ죬Ѿ˺ܾúܾã
һ棬޵ŨŨɱ
ոնɹδȶ̣
վ˲䣬ɵ۶һ˲ȫƣ˲Ϣ䷢˸֮âڻһ㣬ı
µǣ֮أҲվ˲䣬֮㣬ԭΪ쾳˲Ϣʹӵڳ޾ħħɨأֻƬ̾ڸ쾳
һиոջָõޣɲǼ̱ħɨħȹ¶ģһͷͷѪĿľޡ
֮أ˿̣֮ڵһƬ޾ǿգҲһ˲䱻ħһ޴ħӰǻûǿУĳЦ
Цȴһ˲䣬һֲǿ򱱲Ǿ˰սʼջڳ˫ʿʹΪսȴʹ˫֮Ȼɱۡ
ʿӿ˸ǳڶʿ򱱲ƺŵŨŨѪ֮
ӣ˿ҲɱĽ񣬵˫ʿ޾ɱ¾УĿЦɲǼһ佻ս˳ϣҲ˲¶Ȼ
ǣܵѰʿҲһĪĲ׷ãȻв֪ԭ
Զ˵ܲɽУΡһѵһЩдˣ˵м֮˿׼뿪뵽˱սС
̣ĿЦǶߴЩһʱɫ䣬¶쾪
⡭ǡ
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ܲƯ֮ϵڣеӣ˿Ҳ͵˫ۣ˫˲䣬ҶǸȻһ
ɵۣ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ڣ֮ǰֵߣȻ̧ͷĿƿԴ͸֮һ㣬ɫδйءԱߣǼΪʥŮľüҲһ
ˡԣɫ˱仯꣬˿ֺЩʧ䡣
һ̣ʥȸʥڵһƬ˵ڽصĻҲ𺣽ػĸԴһʮɴСʯͷʯͷӲϵɫҲǳ죬ѩס
ʯͷϵĸ£ȴŨ޷󣬼Ǵ˿̵֣ӽڣͻڻȸҲ˲
ǹɷΧҲǲУ
һѰʯ飬һƬĸԴҲĴڣʹһ㣬ƾõ£ϵȼա
˿̣ʯϣȴϥһߣߵӣʵ̫ɣƤʣŨŨԶԶȥƲһˣһ⡣
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ͬһ̣ǿһΪʿӣֱӺԵһǣǵ֣ȸǣ
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1063 ضǰһ仰
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ͻһĻ˲һ𣬵ȴûз׷ɱ֣ٶȸ졣
«߿Ӷˣɫ¶Ȼ̲˼Ҫ˺󣬵ȴˡ
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֮ǰұ㷢ЩŹ֣ڿȷˡû뵽˵һ˥ǰ֮Ȼô졭ӿٳǹӰʧڡ
ħ׷еĹޣŭۿ˵ش󱻴򿪣ԥһֱǴȥٽɲǣ׷Ĺħȴ¶һ˿Ѫк񱳵һɣȻ쿪˫ۡ
ħ飡һͺȣħףɢޱ޼ʵĺȻȻɲǼ䣬ٴأһŴڣҪһ㣬Ӷݵı޺ݺݵһ̡
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˵ɵˣӴʱ̾ǵڰ˲Ĳдڣ̷ɿ˵ʦ֮ǰҴȥֻ˵һ仰
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ΡĿһû˵ڰ˲ڴУӰȻ֣ͬʱǹҵҲ̻û
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ħһ̣һĴʱ֣֮˲ôıһ£ʱ˪ʬ壬Ưǰ
а˵ץһʱ䣬˪ʳָһУ̱Ѫ֣һѪҺǰħһף


1064 ˵
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ΨбͬΪ֮һ壬ǿܣۺˡ
˵֣ħһ£֮̾һѪɢɫȴǸ

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ǵüļٵת֮ϵӿ⣬ӹǣȸͼڣںϵԭ򣬾Ȼֻɹ֮ʱȻҲ֮ŴѪһӡϰ֮ϣȸβϣ˿֣ǹȸ


1065 ֮ؾ
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ҽڣֲ˼ݺݵһҽڲϵйУһڵĻԪڣھתѪ֮Уͷڣʹ˵Իָ
һ̵֣֮ǰʱǰСģǼΪϵȸǻûܣһ˵ҽڵĻԪѸٵӿԭԽĻԪҽΧĴ߲ڰ˲㣬Źӳǹħ׷һ˲䣬ַľҽڵĻԪɣɽҽı
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תۼ䣬߲ҽȫʧֻʣһͷ޷ݵĻĶһ顣
ͬһʱ䣬ڲãǿУ֮һϸ΢ĳ⣬ԶԶһƬͬȼǿնǻһͷӴȸһȸ˻ٽ
ȸ飬Ѱ֮ȻǶڣ֮ڳ
ȸӴ֮ڶʿΪ֮߳һǿϢһȻʿ
ѰڣǾ֮֮ǰǴӦ֮أΣأҵȼƴһУҲҪǾƽ໥ۣ˴еļᶨڶȸʥ֮ˣͬһĿ¶㣡
ͬһʱ䣬ܲڣ֮ϵУһϵ
ݻ֮սȫȥض֮
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1066 
ͬһʱ䣬ڣ֮У֮ǰߣɫ¶ӣҡͷ֮һͷĿ·ɫĮʥŮľüϡ
ھŷٶ٣˽ټȻѾ٣αٶ㣿
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ֻǸ㣬ѰʿĮŮӣƽȴһЩ
ãѰʿ֪ԺηΪմﵽڶ۷壬Σɫ͸һɲм
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ҲֻһʿŮӿһۣƽ˵˾䡣
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ŮӳĬƬ̣ɫ¶ӣȴǼᶨͷȥ
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ħ˵ţϷһָеͺȣȿɵص֮ͨħ֮죡
һǹħ֮һָ̾һɺɫħȻħһֱܺɨŨŨĸʱͳ߲֮䡣
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ŭ˷¶𾪣˿̾Ҳħ޷԰ΣҲˡ
Զǻͬħһ˫ĿڣȻҲкȻ
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뵽ɵصͨ־ͷƤ飬˿ȴݲ룬ħڣ޾ĺˮ֮£ξеħǲϵ³ħڶʱ˴ˮ
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жʱһɷĳȻһ֮£Ȼʹ⺣ˮһУ³ħҲаݡ
ԱɲǣԪһ


1067 ຳ
ΣϷȥƴһ˵һ˥ҲԸԪɳ˲䣬˫Ȼ쿪¶֮ɫ
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˹ҫ֮£ǿзΧκεطֻҪǴڣĿУͻȻ֮ǡ
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ǿУ֮ǾŮӣǰУͻȻͬʱ̧ͷԶɫ糣૵˾˵һ˥
һŵ䣬֮죬ԶԶĳһʿԴﵽ˼ޣɲǾͷٽȸѰ֮¡¡صǿգǹٽɲʧ˴˵һ֮ڡ
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¶ȵϢϵĳ壬ʹ˺ƺҪ죬һΣ֮£¶ɬһһΣòϣԼˡ
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籩УȸƣһͷӰʹ籩˲Ϣʹﵽ۷壬ȻܣѷصħҲն
ŷգ籩γһ޴УֲһĻ˲ɣǹħ죬Ҳһ
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ֻһ˿˾Ϳȫ۳֣һۣ֮ٿ֮ڣ˵ħ־ڣδﵽлᣡ
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һǵı̾ͻһɴӿ뱴ڣӶʱ˵޷ӳħգܳȴʩչͨ
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1068 ں
һ죬ӸΪƴһ壬ȴʹúԪ̾˹ħĲٿء
֮ԪҪٴӶݣ̴ڵڣֵȻһѾץס˺Ԫ˸Ҫ̾޾˳ֺХԪİһק֮£Ԫ̱קڡ
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ֳֵ˲䣬ɵ۶߲ڵħȻһ٣Ȼڵж֮죬ɲǾȫС
ħ𡢻ֻ֮ȸںϣȸΪΪΣչһ֮죬˻֣һвҪҪںĻ󣬻컯ֵȸȻ˵ڶξѵļ
ȸʥڣӵȸӡߣһѵĴΪߵ㣬ǳΪȸʥʵĹؼ
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ξѡȸʥʷδй
֧أڲϵУֻһ޷ݵĻ߲ĻɽڣȻɲǣɽ֮̾ѷǳ֣籩һ̣ɽ߽⣬ʯ䣬ɽ׵ı
ӴޱȵĻ籩ֱײϷͷ̾ŨŨĸºƳʹ߲㣬һͨ
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һĻͬĩ
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ѾܾúܾãûԪԳˡҡͷУǰһǰǿջ𺣶ʱͳһУһ֮£̤ʧ
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ħĿһ˵ˣܷŹģԲȥֵ飬һ֮£ֱȥ
ԽʱĶȹĲٿؾԽܷӳҲԽ󣬴˿ٶȸ֮ǰתۼ޵ľ롣


1069 ²
ҧۣǹħٶȴԽԽ죬ۿ޾Ҫ޷ӳҧ֮ĿǺȻٴֱ֮ӳɵ۶㣬âһ£ʱǰͬӶݵŮϡ
һֱ֮ٽŮߣצȻһ죬ֱŮеķ֮Ůȥ
ǷŮɫ̲԰Ѫɫȴûоţץɲǣü֮ѩӡͻȻ˸ʱкХ֮ȴŮ⣬̾ͳһѩ硣
ڹצɲǣ̾ѩ籩֮£צʱ𣬶ǷŮһѪȾǰѩȥ
һȴûκԥֺɨһȴٶȣֱץ˴顣
ԹΪͨոջָûãл˵ûκη֮ץסһ壬ʱͷȫ
˿̹ħݲñ޶룬ץסŴ˫˸ϵ£ÿһ£һ˿ڡ
תۼ䣬ȫУȴƤ֮µɫѪȫ𣬸ǹĽγһ޴ķӡǡ
ǹħ׷ɲǣץŴǰһף˫Ŀ˸дȣ䣡
һʱȫѪܺȻ̻һƬѪȴ𣡵ɲǣȴһĻûĸһ̴֣ڴȴתۼͰѱѪȫգѵԪҲŹ
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һУĶĿĸҲֻȴûٴߣ͵תһ˿ֱĶŵĹħ졣
ƴˣȡԶһЩʱ䣬ӳ
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ҼǳɹҲʧ󲿷Ϊֻʶ飬ҲǱƵߵ˾·ֿŮӺŲòʩչһͨ
˿˫Ŀ¶ĿǸǼת֮£һšššĿ˲Ϣȫѣ
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ŭȻǰ壬ǰʱȻһΣȻһٴα仯ģɰˡ
תۼ䣬˵֮УǹӰ֮£ٽ˹ħ죬֮ȻȴѡԱ
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ǷŮ¶ߣ˿ȴݲ룬ڹħȥɲǣ̾ͳ㣬ֻδ̫߳Զ̾͸ܵĳ
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˾ͽϴһϡ
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˾ͽϳֺ˿ֵͬĴ㣬˼̷ɵգ·չͨضȥ
ԽӾңҪʼɵ۶ȫıһ㣬˿̸ԭ뵽ڶ˷ɳͷԼ׼ȻڣǴӣҲС
Щ˳󣬿ֺһ¶Ȼ׷ɢ¶ȻвµֵĴ㣬ȴЩ̫ΪΣϾûо·ħĿֲħĴڣЩ˶֪
ԽӾҵɲǣ˫Ŀ¶֮â˫֮·ȻһָиǴһͺ𣬶ʱӴȸ˻ֵ壬ڰ黷һȦֱӶȥ
޾Ļ̾ͻܣһɷĳֱ·˲Ϣȥ˿̣Ρ˫͸Ѫ˿֮²׺죬ȸ֮󣬳ӡ
꣬˾ͽͬˣʩչǿͨȸȫڣ
һɲǣ̴ȴǷŮȫѩĳعµɲǣȫѩת֮յĳ˳
ȸǹᴩɵ۶ͨһɲǣɵ۶ӵڶ㿪ʼ̾к¡¡ϵشȸ֮֮ͨ£ɵ۶ʼ̮
¡¡أϵػصУ̾ذȥһгȫʹ֮ͨС
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֮£γһŴ
˿̣·̮ĵڣƵĴĻصظǾҵĲһҪһҪƿһɱ顣
Щ֪ħʿ˿ɫһ䣬Ӹǵĸܵ·޾棬˿̺ԥʩչһЩƣϵ¡
ˣǻߣ˿ͬ׷ʩչͼ׳Լһ
ڵԽԽԽԽңдƬ·ûڸסʯз׷ױ
ˣҧ֮˫һ٣˴˪ǰ˲Ρĸܣ̧˪Ȼһģһ֮Ϊ˪ҪȫѪҺƳ䲻ɢļޣ
֮£˪ڵѪѪһ֣һ֮£Ѫִء
Ԫ£˪Ѫ½ֻнƣ
һɲǣͻȻڴľֻ֮һħХеʯȫĩħڣħ컺ķ
ǳħȴϷĽƺѩһɢ
ǣħ֮ƮˣӡԼǴɳعͷ­֮߳
֮˿ȫ뷢ҡҷȻ˳Ʈԣһ㣡ڿһĻ˲䣬绮֮ǰ֮һֱûаħϵ˿̣ڿǰһĻȴ˲²⣡


1070 ӡɶ
Ϊ裬ħȻҲ֮֮ȻǴ࣡
ﲢǹǰʹڣ󱻷ʱڹħɵ۾ⶴֳ֪Ϊν뵽ɳڵĹͷ­С
˵Ҳվڹħ󣬵״̬ȴǼΪ죬˫۴͸ü֮һӡǣ͸ɭɭħȻǱӡȴĸܵӵϢڴΧɢڱ֮ʡ
ɫ͸ӣֵĿ⣬ʶѡ˱ܿһԣ֪ЩʲôĪģӡ
ɫ̹Ȼոսɵ۶ʱһĿ¶һȻ֮ɫȥʱӱ΢Ц
ڿӵ˳ֵһְ̣֪̾ϵѪҺֻԹħЧӵˣȴá
Ѿɵ۶ĵһ㣬ȥ֮·ѡ
֪ΪΣǾ֮ǰľһĻĻЩ֮ȴ˵ʲôطŹ֣Լһ˿ڿվڹħʱֲĸоԽŨ
ʵ֮ǰһоڶݵʱڷ˼룬Լ˵һжǱǹħƳ
һжǹħΪͬӵƣ˾ÿ£ָоʼջļ䣬Ĭ̺ˡ
˾ͽһֱ֣˿ֺ̿ˣ̲˼ֱ֣һͬѸ˺
Ρͬˣһʱ֮䣬ʿ׷ȼۡ
¶΢Цּ̧ǰһָڻâһȴǻӻûɨӱһۣһȴȻֱƶȥ
ɱ¾֮˲Ϣͻ޾˵ؽڣ¡¡Ȼ𣬴˵صĽƶʱҵ˸
Ľƣһ˲ãΡ꣬ǺĽ֮ȻǷ켫࣬һ˵صĽƵҲǻӿƿ
Ϊȡʱ䣬ΡһָϷ̱һˮĻȻȻһɺˮɵľˣ˻ӴȭͷһϷʱضɽҡƬʯ䡣
û뿪վԶ˫ϵشƬĽڵ棬֮̽
Ŀһ֮ͨƣΡһͬϷ˸ûԥ׷׳֡
¡¡ʱɵ۶һڻص
˿̣֮ǿգȸʿ˴ϥ˫֮¿֮ʱ̧һָмȸڣʹȸĻŨ
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֮£һгȫΨһڣ⣬֮ڣ
Ψһڵĳϣ˿ȼ˻棬ʹλã˵Уȸ˻гֱϸ΢ĳȥ
¡¡Ȼȴȸڲϵײϵķӡÿһײʹӡɶ
ʿǱ˴չͨϵغ֮£ɽ֮ʱµķӡ𶯸Ϊҡ
ڵײĴ뵽֮ڣ֮ضʱΧеˣҲĸܵԽԽҵ𶯡
˿ȴûȥע£˲ϵع£ɵ۶֮صıݣһˣ
ݱ˲䣬ƿ˺Ľƣһɫ԰ף˼䱻Ρһźֱƿıݶȥ
ħһ̤ɭ΢ЦſȻһ̾޾ħɢЩħȻһгˣе϶̾ͱһħƣ¥ħɡ
ȥȣȴһ
ǴһŮӣͬӣǧҲɫ԰ףۿͱɨ˿ǷŮһȫѩתһסǧֱ򿪵ıݶȥ̾ѩײŮһѪѩΪ赲˶ιһ̣Ҳ޷ܣһѡ
Ůȴǧ٣˳ȥ
˵ˣͷ˾ͽ븡ӣִӴٻŮӵİ£ȫ˳
Σûнǹħһָǰݺݵһ
һ֮£ոմӱڳ̤֮صˣ̾͸ܵһɺƵ֮ǧΪ㣬Ѫ
ԱߵķŮӣҲһ֮£ͬѪŮӵԪϣȴһ֮ķ˿ⷨ˸ǧٵԪ֡
ֻŮԪܵشֱ֣˵ûб˴֮侹Ȼںϡ
ˣдĶˣһ⣬̱ԪһӾ£Ӷݡ
׼˵ΪѰǿȴǲˣȫȻһ룬ʣİӣбⳡΣ½ûĴͷߡ
ڸ˾ͽϣΪǾΣʱ̣˵Ѫȴûбֻ˾ͽϱ죬Ȼ֮£ڶط
ħͨԭʹЩȫһ֮ˣΡͺĪĹڹħֵɲǣ֮赲Կ˾󲿷ͨ
֮ôΪ֪ЩУһֹϵĪ棬ֵĶҪ
ͬħͨԿģ֣Ρͺֵ֮ѪɫʱԪ֮£˴ΧήңڻԪȴ޷ֹԪɢ
ƣǹƤף޷̫áϾԵĵˣռĹħ
ֲ˼̴Ӵó֮ǰΡ͵裬֮һ£ⵤҩ棬һԪ֮˲ɢǷɿȬ
Ρͬɫ񣬺Ѫ£򸾶ӿЦȴмᶨ
֣Ҷƴסħʦ֮´Ӵ˲ᣬպлᣬҷ򸾾Ȼ˪Ρһץǰѷ죬ȴڱһ˦
ҷ򸾶Ѿ̫ãǽⶴΣȴΪһЩԭʼ޷ӽʦû뵽˴νӽ֮󣬾ȻֽΡɫ¶ӡ
˿̣ħ컺ĴǱ߳գ¶һ˿ǿЦ
ذأ㾡Ϊ˷ֹҶɹ뿪¹֮£޷뿪ⶴ޷ݻκһƣħֻʹЩ֮ˣһΪħɵƿƶĹ򣡡
ħݺݵһȭͷƬأɫеļŨ
һΡ˶ʱѪɫֵ֮ǰһֱƵĲ֮У˿̻ȻʣħĿ⣬һ
ڣǼʶһ±ħЦ̧֣¶Ѫķ
һɲǣͻȻȻһնŤһõĻ棬Ȼ֮ϣ⻭棬һǧ컨ڵĹ
ħҷصļ㣬һȴ֪߳㣬ȴ̤ͬ˷ĵڶ򡣡
䶯صأõĴڣ߳һŮӡ
Ȼա
ͬڴ˿̣֮ڵĳȸĲϺ£ǷӡҲɶʱƿ
ͬģһճǿճ֮֮âҲҫ֮سڡ֮ճ֮ʱ


1071 
֮֮ϵĹӰŻĳ֣شʵֵĶŲơ
ڻ߳ɲǣͬʵڵĹԼܻƵǧ컨ȻСֻգۼͻĴСڻУ˻ϣһµӰ
һϣӰɢ˻ڡ
̧ǿȻĶףƽŹħ죬Ŀ֮ɫǰһ𣬾ܾܽȴһ㣬ֱղſٴһȴˮ£лȴǵ֮ꡭ
ͬںˮԸŰȥ۵׳ˮǰɽ̤ٿʱȴǾȱһЩʲôɽˮһ˻ꡣ
ħкâ˸Ż¶Ѫ̰Цص޸죬վ֮ŮǻΪٮٮ˵Է֮ɽ磬˷ɽɵ֮ãձħԵòһԹ棡
ڣԴ˱ħ¯գЦһǰȻһץ
ħ˵Цȴǳ˽⻨ȴؼɵ̫֮ǰ˵ؾȻڵԼδɹʱѾΪպʧڶ֣⻨ĳ֣ȻǵصĲ֮һ
صܳΪǿɵۣҵȽ֮޶׹˳һǿΪ⣬һ©̺֮֮£
Źħƶ֮ضʱȻһ֮йͻȻ֣ܣǰץȥɲǣЩʱӿ仯Ȼ۳һֻӴޱȵֱֱۣץȥ
ͬʱߵ֮Į˫һɨĶ֣һֱֶ֮ȥδٽХƿ֮Ȼ
Ӵ˿ӼΪǱ˵վȴǼΪ٣ǺĴϢʹԶҲ
Ȼ˿ԷҰһ㡣
ӿµǣӲ٣ˮ£ڵϣˮͬճҺ֮ʱӨĳ˿˲ɵûЩŻ
˫۹𣬳Ѫ˿Ŀ͸ͣ䱾Ͳϵգ˿ȻŤһ𣬷·񲡣
ͬĶ֣һ˿УŶֵĺɱ⣬ŭһӽֱֶ֮ȥ
Ȼɫݣ¶һеѰƽ·˴ɵ۶֮У䷢չһֱȫİ֮ڣûκļ㡣
һֱͷɫиӣãȻΡ
֮ӵٽȻΡ赲ֻɵ¶˴˿ڴˣּ֮Ϊ죬һһʱ֮䵹ҲԷֳʤ
ǴŨĴϢΡ׼ɲǣз֮ɫŨҪҵģ֣˭赲ǰһеĳ
Ρٽ˲䣬ӵͺһȫ֮ʱ䶯Ϊ죬Ρɫһ䣬˼ʱˡ
˵һ̣͵ſڣǰһƬɫѪѪɢŨŨȳ֮ʱ岻֪ĲǴѪȫѪҺ
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֣Բʿ˥еһ˥ڵ˥񻯣һֱȫ֮ͻ𣡡Ρ˵ȥӣ˿̺֮Ľսȴ֮ǰ˽ڽ˺
֮ʱΡֱ̻дƬɽǰһֱ֮Կǹ֮
û赲֮ˣˮ˿˿ѪȥеķŨ˿̵ﻹ˵ĳϵӣһͷªҰޣ
ӣ𺳵Ĳӵĵ˥
˵һ˥
Ϊ˵ڶ֮󣬼ûԪϵƣԪڣɻȫֻڣһͬ٣˥ޱߺƽ٣
˵ΪߣͿ԰Ȼ֮иΪµĽڵȴ
˿ӴžҵĴϢ˲ٽ˱ɽſٴһ磬һȻû˶ѪҺģһȳ֮⣬ڶฯõ࡭
ڹħͨץɲǣ̧֣ǰһָָ֮ϱһԲ֡
Բһ֮ûУԲգǾ޴ץ˲䣬Сһһ֮£Ȼ
ħ˫ͫһһζֱȥ˫֮£ּ̧ɫ䣬֮ʣЩյĺ໥ۣȻת֮ͻһţЩų֮󣬶ʱ䶯
ͨ㶨ȻΪϤħЦպݺݵһץеͺȣǣ
һʱĺ䶯죬Ȼ˲ϢͻһԲЩԲһ֣ɢҥԵǹ⡣
˿̵գǺҹ֮УԲͷųǹ£ȻҫĳΪһƬ財
ҷա¡ʽͨе֮¶ӣȴҡҡͷֻ֮ȴǷӲͨ
ЦһӣʱɺԲǹΪ貣֮£Щǹ⾹Ȼ֮תΪ֮һ߽֮˲Ϣһӣһǹ֮ߣʱնֱɶȥ
Ҫѻڴˣ
ҷʩչԳȡǿ֮һʽӴͨսҲɣսʮͬսһˣԿǹ֮¶һ˿˿ȥǴǹ⽻֮£ſ³һʱܣ˾ŸԲ
ŸԲڣ̺˱Դ֮ڻ⣬ʱͷһ󷨣󷨳ֵɲǣյǹ⽻˲Ϣ˻ϡ
һʱ֮䣬ڶʱΪƬ貵ǹ֮
ͬʱ֮ǿգȸȸʥʿĲϳ֮صķӡһʼ˱
֮һͬģ֮صգʼ¡¡߽⣬վǷӡѣһƬǹ
ȸʥڣ٣


1072 ǿͨҹ
ӵɫһ˱仯üͷɵ۶һУļ֮У֪ɵ۶Ƽ򵥣һȴ̺ɵصļ㣬ӴȻΪɵۼһ֣һ뵽Լ˿̣ǼӵɵضǿŲɣģͻᷭ
ǵɵ©Ӹʤһ𰸲ֻ֪ᣬ˵ȴǼΪһɹôӵĵľͻõԾǻΪǿƣɵص컯ܵĴȫָǿٽһ
ʧܣ˵Ҳ컯ƾⳡļ֮УҪһУ
ΪᣬӿԲϧһдۣħʲôΣƽ٣Ҳ޷ֹӵʵ֮ģ
ɵصͨһЩǴɵҳĶߣӵĿģڱ˿ǷΪΪͨΪģɵڼ֮ϣһս
ҪӡħΪպ󱻹ħڶ㣬ңҪһУħֻҵĹߣɵһսĹߣӵ˼û˿Բ²ĵ˵УֻһˣǾ
ֻɵ۶ڣֵĵһȸѣҲû㵽֮£ǴһӸܵһ˿ѹ
ѹģԭһжڣħĽ飬ԻԻˣϣʹ֮гΪƿɵ۵һİ֡
ֻǣҲû뵽Ǹ֣Ȼȸξѣֶξѵһ˲䣬ӵļ㣬̳ڶ޷ı
˿յ䣬ɵɫףԼҪˡ
˫ĿȻһϣһɲǣӵڶʱ߲߲֮Улɫ룬һϣ˰ɫ
ɫ˸֮£̴Ȼ߳˰˸ͬɫķǻӺȻڡ
˸ӣò˵һȴԶвͬϢ˿һ֣ʱһ˲ɢȥֱ֡ɵʿȥǱա
ͬһ̣Ǳǹ⻷ƵĻȫǹȻ˸һɢǾŸԲƵĻᲽ߳ǾŸԲ򣬴˿Ȼ˲٣ɫȴ糣
ħ̧ͷһգ¶أһץʱǺ񱳵̻ûֳħɨ֮»âԻǵâɨա
¶΢Цճ־һ̣ףصµĻѾӦ棡
ߣ֮ˣ쾳֮ʱ
˿̹ħ쵶âֱӽ͸ֱʧʱȴ˸߿յâ֮ǰľŸԲǰɨ̾ǵâһ
֮صǿķ֮ʱûϵ˺ɱһֱȥ
˿ӷ٣ʱ뵽Σ֮УӷΡı޷赲¡¡ı֮¶񣬳֡
ӵķԻ죬ĮĿ⣬Ѹٽ֣֮⣬ӵķֱֶȥ
ĸǿߣÿһӵо춯صͨΪ˿Χɱ֮£ͫ͵һӼۺˡ
һɲǣպȻűǿгֵĳ֮Ҳ˳űգ֮ڡ
ձɲǣͷһ澵ӱ飬һƵƬ߽⣬ǱһɳɫĻӺ󷽳ʹЩƬ·ȥ
Ƭ֮ǳɫ˲䣬һ춯أ֮зλȸ֮һ̣Ȼ
ִ˿ҪٵΣȴûκʱȥ̧ͷ죬ǲϵغУ̾͸ܵһϤ֮Ƴܡ
Ϥ֮ˮɽϣճ򣬸Դĵһͨҹ֮
ҹ
һ̣ͬڵɱڸܵҹ֮˲䣬ԥģֹͣ˺ˣĿ¶֮â˫Ȼ̧Ķǰˣһ֮£ؼӿĳ֮򣬶ʱܵǣٵӿֶ
ĳһ״̬ǰһоȫʧΨеˮճһ˲˺Ѻҹ֮
ΧɱĻ˫ͫȻһ¶һ˿𾪣ߵҲͬӰһ٣ֵĿ⣬޷֮ɫ
ǡӵ
ΨӶһãȻ֪Ϊ棬ʵֻԪ˵һ˥еĻûѪҲãҲգԪյãʾԪ񣬾
ʧڷ֮е˿һҪֵͷֱȥ
ӽʮڵɲǣе֣ȴȻʧӰȡ֮ģ˲Ϣ䣬ȻΪ˺ҹ
ԭ֮ɢĴƬ𺣣һȫʧʱ֮֮أһޱ޼ʵĶռ䡣
һƬɫһĻĺХ֮ߣǻˣһ̣Ҳͬ޾ĺҹ֮С
ƾʶɢҲ˿Ҳֵİۼһֳ̣׵׵ع֮ڣûа㼣Ѱ
һƬΨǺĻ֮صʵ˿£
ԼпǰģĿ֮һƬã󺣵Ͽգޱ޼ʣ沢ӿΣǻ
һɺζ޷ţһʵڣ
ӵŭⰲĺҹȻѰҲֵԽӵķϵŴ󺣹ŭˡ
ǰһɺܶδйľ֮У֪оİȴƲסԼ֪һЩʲôԽ֪Խ𺳣ƤǲܿƵ
ʱͻȻԶĺ棬ȻһƬââֵɲǣ¶δйĿ־壬ϳˣ֮ǰŵֹ֮
ûκԥӰۺˣ˿̵ͷƤ飬ӶݣȻʼն⺣档
ԶƽϵĺâԽԽŨӳǰģȻһĻ콾
ǽһƬɫ·ŭ죬һ˲䣬˶ִԼѾɢ޾ҹա
ǷӣҲһ£Ȼһ֮£ãѣ̣˫ͫ׾¶˾ҵľ
֮򣡣
ڸأҹ£ֵΪԶԶس˵Ȼﵽ˿۷壬뾻Ҳֻһ֮ң˿̵ΪʩչеĵһԴֻͨڳ֮򺱼է֮²ſʩչķжǿ֣Ҳ֪


1073 ƴ
沨֮ϵ˶УӵһĽ࣬ƺҲ̺ع
˿̣⺣Ĵ£Ӷһֿڸ֮УӷҲͬˣΪ磬ľĸоͲܿƵķ
Ȼ׵ѹʱź澡ͷǽ̧ĳ콾⽾ֻ¶С룬ɹâȴͬһѰҪҹ˺
ںҹ֮еͬҹһᱻâɢҹһͬ
⣬ǲҹ֮ҹ
ʱ㣬ֺֻһɲǣĽ
˲䣬һ޷⣬ݻһ赲֮ǰ̺ǳ֮˲Ϣչֵ쾡£
ؼĺҹ˺ѣ֮ǿ԰ǬתԺʹúҹǰһƬƲ󣬻Ƭʹأȡ
ڣ̺ɱ̺ɵ۶ڱһ·׷ɱȴħļ㣬ΪֵĲʼѹУȴķŭ֮
ΪֵȸξѣʹؼĽɲǣһȣȻԶԶسͨͷŵȫڳ֮£ֵĲҹͨ£Ž𣬽ɽ̺Ļȣչ֮У
ǴӺĽһ˲䣬ǰδеĽ벻˼ĸ£ȻǽҪ˺Ѻҹô򵥣Ҫҹգȫ飬ҪصһУĺɳɻң
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һָһ޾ƣֱȥֻδٽ㱻ɨʱ֮صأһָǰУȼգֻƬ̣ҹһȻ
֮һйʼǻɫ԰ףȫʹϮʹѪһѪ¶Ц
ǻӵɱ¾֮һָ֮ͬһŽȥһգȴʹЩɱ¾֮˲ϢһһɢûɢģҲٽȫ˺顣
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Ѫһɱ¾֮ĸһɱ¾ĸԴڣѪһ֮ʱ޾ɱ¾֮ڣŻ˫ǰһָѪ̱׶
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ÿһӰȴǸԲͬµĲٽЩӰѸһһڣÿһµϢͻǿһ֣Ųϵ룬磡
Ȼƴ޵ĳ̶ȣǲƿǻɢͨûκ


1074 
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·Ĵ󺣣Ҳڲ͸֮صӣǰһУǴʵ֮䡣
Į˵ķ٣̧֣ǰһӣƽ˵һ䡣
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ҹִֿдɲǣ̺¡һӺ泹׵ֱһ˺ҹκαķ񱬷޾⣬ܺɨȥ
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ıڳĲӰЩҹ˻Ȼе֣̾һ£ͬѩһڻɢ
ľ޴ƺȻ϶޷͸Ȼֱץɫ糣ûа仯Ǵһ˿ЦƾһץĻûĽ֮ϡ
һץסɲǣȴ̾вҽдڴȼһʵĳ֮һ̣ɨƣȫλãƶʱֻƬ̾ͺһ˻Ϊǻ£
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ΡˣҲǵ໥˿˱˴е뺧ȻղŵһĻͬǻþ֮Уֻȴָֻܿȴ޷
Ϊ𾪵ģǣǰеâֱյĹħ뻨
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ħӶδһ̵һβһ£ͨУܵһɼҲҪֲܴ˿̺΢ʱգһɳħҲҪűˣ
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ͬģֵҹͨɢ˲䣬ܲڣҪ֮ǰڷһУеһһĩɢһء
һ˲䣬һ֮صܲܲдʿһ̧ͷң֮ء
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˵İԵͲὲνʿҪַʽչһıɱҪߣΪ˵ĵˣ
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̣Щȫɫһ䣬Ϊûͣ٣Ǽ죬¡¡һֱڰ£
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ˡھӭ˵֮һϢǺȻľ
ʼϥڵӣ̧ͷ¶ߣһΣʱ׹¡¡䴫ܲɲǼ䣬Ӿƴ֮ѵƣһ춯ص


1075 ں
ˣƺΨһˣƽٽܲΧڣĶǰĿдĺâһˣ˽ȥ
ҹͨɢ̤֮صɲǣԪڵʮ˵ӡУ˵ĵʮ˲УԭһĻ磬˿̱һ޷һڣ꣡
˵һ˥У֮꣬·ֻ֮ꡢ·ֻ֮꣡
֮꣬Ȼʮ˲ڣ˴˲˹ںϣ
ɫ԰ףվӰȴǼΪͦΣ˿̣ˣûκһС֣˭
ɱˣʹõֻʣ²ͨѰ֮˿
ֲ԰׵ɫ͸ɨԼʣķؿڣ˿ȻѪֻȴУѪ˳˿£Ⱦֵ
֮ǰƴָƴƴҹ֮ճ֮ʱ˵Ԫһսȴ̫ǿһԪûģԪȴضήҡ
һֵ̣Ļ͸ƣȴӣĬ
һƬһɲǣ֮ϵȸ֮ȴǸΪҵĴ͸
ȸ֮ԽԽĳ֣ϵȸͼڣһɲǣֲ̲ٿصĴϻûֱӷ
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ǰɫȸӰܣϵ˻£֮ѵգʱӿֳ˸ΪŨĻ𺣣Ϸȡ죡
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һͷƮ裬ǳ֮ϵİɫȸӳĿ¶һ˿ͻһĻڻЩȷ
޷ݵĻ֮ȴָܵһɾΪƺ֮еһлֻ֮Ҫ룬Ϳȫٿأ
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Уȸ֮߳˽ˣǰˣÿһӵĪѹ׷ԲУ͸һԾ춯صΪϢ

һȸʥڵˣÿһɢŨŨĻ֮ǳ֮˲ϢеĿȫϡ
ߣڿֵһ̣ɫ¶𾪣
ģǴңԶ֮ϵΪģǲϧһбѵˣ¿ְȫ˿ڴ
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Уһ˿ɵˣ͸˵ǽٸȸʥڵˣǿֵĿ⣬˿ȵĳ羴֪⣬ǰˣδʥʣ
ȸߣУһȸߣʱȡ̾ߣǺ󷽵ǽȸʥڵˣǽ׷ܣɱĿ⣬ˡ


1076 սʼ
ɫ֮ϣǰɫȸͼڣټһͷİ׷Ȼʹ֣ʣ˿̵ȸ룬̲ŨŨĻԪȻ޷ڸɫĲ԰ס
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ؿڶᴫĵĴʹʹɫӲ԰ס
صƣǹ֮壬ž˵ĻָˣȻ̱жǹĻָҲʼ޷ʹƽڵѪ֮ϣɱ¾֮ɱ¾֮Ѱɱ¾֮һ֮ͨʼ
ʹûֵ£ҧУ߶ûк߳һֻĿԽǰȸʥˣǰħϡ
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ҵȸʥڵһָߣ֮ȸʥڼȫ½٣Ȼ֤¾Եƽ֮ǰͺȵߣֱȭ
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ֿһĻͫһĶȸʥڣһ˿档
ʿԪˣħչɱһߣΡ껹лսиǿѹ¶˾ͽϻдͷսһʱ֮䵹ҲĺǼҡ
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ͷ֮ǿ׳֮һѺɫĳǹ˿һɷֵ֮˲䣬ðŨŨѸٻȻһ׺ɫס
Ϣ䣬ͷ֮ǰһֱ֣˫뱾ͲԶֻɲǣͷ֮˱ٽһɺڷУͷ֮гǹ˲Ϣ֡
˿̵Ȼǿ֮ĩˣҪɱȴҲǼ򵥣Σ֮ʱ˫䣬˸ܻû赲ǰ
һǺɫǹһϱѷ죬˿˵ûٴѣȴѹ硣
ͷ֮ǵŵŵ˺ȫ׺ڹ˸ٴγ
˺Ļᣬſ³һ
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ûκԥһץʱ֮ϳһƬ⣬ǰݺݵһӶ⾧ͬǵǰһɲǣִȵɱ
һЩʱɢĿ֮âǴʮ˵ӡڣһ֮Ȼһס벻ֻ֮꣬ĳһڣʱʵһ㣬ɢơ
ӿµģʮ˵ӡڵĵʮ˲УӵĻһ߳˫۴ŷĺâҰһֱ֮ͷ֮˶ȥ


1077 ʦͽ֮ս
ÿʩչɱֶ԰׷֮żΪ壬Դ֮ͨɱ֮ɱΪãʹ벻ֻأ޷ɢ֮䡣
ͨȻУе֮⣡
˿ɱɷ춯أͷ֮ȣԵЩ΢ӴԹ޶Ǵ˵һ˥䱾Բͨʿ֮ǿΪˣ
˿̳ʱͷ֮ɱɱ󣬼˲ϢתǬ
ָĴۣȴҲǼأɵ۰׷֮ɱĵľڲ˵Ԫ񲹳䣬˽գꡣ
˵Ԫֵڲϵʩչ£˲㣬ǻûҵµԪǲ֮󣬰׷ͨϽҲʩչΨк磬΢ʩչȴҪʹ˺ܶࡣ
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һΣܵĺڰ׻̷Ϊ룬Ȼһ޴ͷһ̽ͷнǣƬڣһЩӡǣʹ档
˿һ˫۾֣Хֱӳֱֶȥ
ֻһͷ֣ǻڣһһͷȫһĺɫ룬õϢ˫Ŀȴкڹ˸ֺг֡
֮󣬾Ȼǻֳͷ֮ˣʼգһ㡣
ͷ֮˽̻֮ߣϵعȥ
Ŀ˸Ҫʮ˵ڵӷֻ껽һԶӣ¶Ц
ʹͨûһͷͷ飬ϮĿģΪԼųֻ꣡
ֲ٣֮ӱǰͷų֮꣬оס
ۿǺһٽȷ˫ĿһգϵɲǼɢŨŨĳ֮âѰɫȸȻ䶯ϳֱȥߵ˻ȸ֮Ȼص
˫Ŀһ¶һ˿΢Цȵģ֮⣬ȸˣȸֵɲǣ˲ǰһȥ
һ֮£Ȼٽǰȥ̧֣Űɫȸݺݵһץ
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ſɭɭڣҪɡ
Σ֮ʱɫܲ԰ף˫ȴû˿η壬ü̱֮г֣ɲǼ䣬ήҵԪֱӴü̫̽Ԫһ֣ʱһ
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һͷԷƮϵգ˺һӡ˺ܶ࣬һѮҵӡ
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ͬһһõӰǿУٿƻʵȴǼ죬һ䣬޾ȸʥʵԪ
ˣҲ֮ͬǿˣ֮еߣ롭ľü


1078 ɽ
ͬǿУһؼ伫Ϊ֮һһƬޱ޼ʵ˵Ľء
֮˵죬Ϊ˵ԶԶȥһƬþ֮أľεض޾֮¸һۿȥΪʵ
ⱾӦô֮ڵĴȻǿУҲһһƬƬ಻֣֮ʹǿһ㡣
һŨŨľԪγһɫıƬڣþòɢ
κһʿٽȫԪͣͣߣԪʱͻ֮ʧӰ
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ΨһЩģƾôڵϹ֣ŶƬ֮صĻ䣬˵ģȴʼղ
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䣡
׼ԪǼɢӴһ˦æ𣬵һ۾ӵһһؿڴ͸
ѪЦӺˣͬ˵ĳӶٽ


1079 ľü
һɲǣħ콻սϣ˫쿪Ȼһ֮࣬һᡱ֮УǰĿռȻڵѪ
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1080 
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һ˲䣬һĪΣɲΣһǺ˿Σ֮ǿȴǺԥüĺݺݵһ˺
ʱüĵĵڶӡ̱㱻˺ѿһ룡
δüȫ˺һֻӴޱȵƴȻ٣֮죬޷ȭȻֱ£ӵϡ
֮ϵػصؾҵĲȭͷջغһ˫£һٴڵ档
ͬʱ֮ǿգȻ޷ı仯ֻǿں¡¡ľĻصͬһ޴УѸٵת
֮ޱ޼ʣһڵ򣬾ȻҲڣ֮תڣһĻĻʵľȻһһ֡
һεضİ罨ЩΪ򵥣ȴһɴĲɣϢصһƬأһƬѪɫĴأޱ޼ʵİ罨УƺضѾڣΨһ֧صĽ
ʱһֻӴĽŴһ̤֮ϣ䣬سѣ¡¡ľص
ǽ֮һ֮ϣ⽨ȴǺȻͱΪ˷棬ͬʱһ춯أǿյŭ𣬴֮Ȼ䴫
ӴڣһĻĻΪʵĳУֻǴϣֻŵˣȻһԼɵľˣ
һһǹ
ˣл̫𺳣ǰǹԣȻнٸͬӴޱȵľˣ
ϰٸˣȻȫǰǹ񣡣
ԶһӴӰǹߣ޷ȣͬһ㣬ݣҲ˿Ա¶ӴӰĸ߶ȣ
Զ죬ȴһ̤֮У޾أһźص
Զħ춯أһħѪĿ⣬ĳ
⣬Ȼǹ֮Ĵս
ϣʿһĴڣЩˣȴԶԶĳʿǿΪģüָ֮ӡͼڣչ˷ɱ
Ƭսʵ̫չ¶ģֻеһǣ
ǿڣ֮صˣ˿ȫȻ䷢֣֮أûˡ
ǰһУȫʧӰǣǳս֮УһĻĻʵ˿£
Ȼ˲һУֻΪãһˣ𾪣ȴ¶мۿµĴͻȻһƬӰ̧ͷ䣬ȴһҽ̧·ݺݵ¡
û㣬˲Ϣ䣬ҽźȻ£ضʱΪңŲ̧ȻˣֻһƬΪѪ⣬Ԫ񣬸Ǳ
һĻʱʹ˵ʱǰ谵УһͷԼǧɵľ޴񣬴˻Х
¡¡ȻǷ쿪ͬУɨЩ󷨵ʿ̾ʱһΪҽ֮ȻѪ
ΡλԶţħ߻ɾԼ˵Ĵ򶷣ͣһС
ǹħ죬ڿһĻĻ˫ھȻ¶˿־塣
ԶţĪԶսߵ
⣬ڣǰǹµıܱͨǹͨǼ򵥣
һΣλԶţ
˿̣صĲΪңȴǽٸ̤ڴأŲ̤֮
ǹħһһ壬ͬ˻зٽƺ֮Ϊսģ
ǽٹ޷ݵľ޴Ӱ̧ͬŲ


1082 ȸʥ
˵ص˼ͷƤ飬˲Ϣȫɢǹħ˿ԶٽĹħһ壬¶˼֮ɫ
ԶĵϣһѪеƽüĺݺݵһ˺ǵڶӡ׵˺
һ˲䣬ӵŭ춯أȻ˱֮ŻҪǿƣ
֮ǿȻؼֵԶս˱
֣Ϸ쳤ӣ˿ŵڶӡ˺£˾޴ĸı䣬Ѯҵ֮ˣ̱˿ԼѮ׳꣡
ͷȻȫΪ˺ڷһɼΪǿƣǺޱĴӿֶ˺ڶӡ˵ڶ˥ΪȻӵļˣ˵˥ײҴ򿪡
Сʿһδα𾪵ͨǳ֮򱾾ѾΪǿӱΪǾֵռ֮ȴû뵽ƴ֮УȻͨ
֣ŭ
£̾ʹؼ䴫һ֮
ңǰ
¡¡֮Ҫȡ˴˵սһ˶Уʱ˻ص
һЩΪʿֱ˫Ѫ
ӣҲһ˳̧ͷȴɫ԰ף
ǰһԶԶ˰ǹӴӰչԼ˵ǰӴӰ֮ߣȻ޷ݣӰֻܿޱ޼ʵľͷӴӰ
̧ͷһɲǣ߻صһĺХһ޾Ϸ£ٶ̫죬Ħһ㡣
˲Ϣ䣬һɿ֮ǿڴ֮ϣ̾ʹغȻѣ
˵ʿ£Ȼ
ЩˣҲ¶ţ˽ӵɾڿӴޱȵӰ֮󣬾ȻӲ¶޷ݵľ
ΪĶһ˲䣬Ȼ亹£Ӳָ˫Ŀͫ͵ϡƺҪ˵һЩʲô
̣ЦֻЦȴ͸һɷ񲣬Ǿĳ޷Ĵ̼ʹ
һѪɾȻ󲻶ϵȥʧ֮䲻֪ȥ
ͻһĻʹһ
ȴɲǶ룬˿սٵĿŨڴ֮ʣ̧̾ͷյľͷһڵ֡
ڵԽԽֻƬ̣ſĸŨȻһ޷ӴȭͷȭͷͬһƬأӰȡգȻ¡
ɫΪأȫϢﵽ۷壬һӣ͵Ͽһ׶ȥ˫֮£ȫʱתһб˵ڶ˥ȫΪ˻һ磬ֱնȥ
Ǿ޴ȭͷ£һ·¡¡˲ٽ
һꪴ֮佫Ҫ˲䣬ȻȭͷһץסУ£磬һ
䣡
Ǿҵ벻˼ĳͬһܺɨͷƿ˻ĻʹԶսһУڱб˺ѣȫɢ֮¡
أָǬ֮ǿգתҲȻڣЩҲָ˸Եλã֮صһУҲ֮ǰһûа仯
Ψһ仯ģǶһ֮ˣڶʿ޾𺳡
ӵڴ֮ˤڵأһѪ飬ǹħ졣
л˻ƣٴһѪ
ħҲɫ԰ףڷŵһ̣ͬʱֿⲻ˼ͨ±ס
ӵǰֵصɲһѪĿдһ˿⣬ֻȴɲǼһģܡ
˶ܣѡ
ֵУȴǶһӵꪣ˿̵֣Ȼû˰ս֮˿վڵϣ˫ȶסĲһɴһǧļᶨ͵ȥ
ľüһУղŵһĻһֱ˿̣֮УߣҲǿֵĿ⣬˺ܴĲͬ
Ķߣظֳľü֮ǰĻ
Ѱʿ
ܵʿǿֵĿ⣬¶ɵ뾪ղŵһĻһԶǡ
ʵԶսҵһĻĻӴޱȵӰУĥĺۼ
ִ˿ûκս֮ЩУȴûһˣǰһ
˿̵ǣ֮ǰһĻľȻûƽֵӰУӴޱȵӰص
վһε
֣İ̾ǰĴˣɵ˵ʥڵİ׻İ׻Ҳһһ֮ڶǿߣȻȥ֮Ȼܾöʹˣǰ
֮ڵһսֿνǳ׳̤ǿ֮УΪߣȴû˸׵
֣㣬ҪӶ̧֣֣ûͨʩչ֮Ϸǿڣ̤һˡ
ֻ꣬Ԫ֮壬ȴһŨŨܣ󣬸ʮˣЩУʥڣʥڣǰ׻ʥڣ
⼸ʮڶʥˣǵĵʹأ׺Ȼʹõϵˣ׷̧ͷ
˭Ϸǰɱδʥʣӣȸʥʣƽȴڳڵɲǣʹ֮زϵˣкܶ뵹ˣ޷ܡ
˲١Ŀһɨ
ȸʥʡɫȸʥʣӣˣڣ˲ļˣȸʥʵıƽ
һ֮£ǰϸĿһ֣¶͵΢Цͷãã
ֻ֣ȴ͸ֵ⣬ʵϣѾ֮ûг֣Ϊ˽˻ᣬֽһĿˡ
ʵ֤ǳ⣡
ڣⳡҲýˣȸʥĿһ¶֮ɫ̧֣жһɫʯͷ
ʯͷһ֣һؼϢڻɢڵܣŤƴóһ㣬ų⡣
ʯڳֵһɲǣʱڻһȼ֮еѪƮ֮ϣһĿȼյѪߣȫһ̣һڻ棬ȡ
ȸ̫ʥߣȸʥ֮


1083 ʥ
ʺѪҺֵ˲䣬һɷĻ棬ȻѪҺɢɨնʹһһƬâ֮С
գƬĻ棬յϷһͷȸӣȸصһ˿߹½ˡ
ͬʱԣʥڵļߣ໥ۺ󣬵ǰһλ֮оߣ˫ؿڣͺһ˶ʱһӴϢı
ͬʱ¶ʹɫؿڻ¶ƤƤ֮ϣ˸УƮһ
һľ
ľֵ˲䣬֮ɲǾһХʱصֻ֮޾ڣȻûɵЩʣ춯ء
˺ƵĲ𣬾ŷһ㡣
յĶۣһӴޱȵӣĿһɨ˶
ͬģʥУ߸԰׻ʥڵߣ׷ϥ£˴λ÷γһͼ֮ʣ̾н˸ȴ߿нֱɳ
߿нֺ໥ںϣһĽ飬ֵ˲䣬֮
һХȻأһ޾ɱ˲ϢʿжߣһХ£Щ
ŻХģһͷӴޱȵİ׻
׻ӼΪһ㣬ƮڰգĿźâһɨˣһΣյ
ʥڣóʥģʥڣڵ꾭һʥʱѺڲһΪټ˵Ľʣ޼˿˵ܣȻ˶ϡ١
˷ǰߣֻߣǰ߱˫Ŀʱһˮ˻ɲǼ䣬ˮ˱ڰкɨһͷɫӴ䣬ػû
ɫЩֺһ˻µˮ˲Ϣɢƶ˱
ֻǣʥޣƲ㡣
ʥλ׻Ϸȸ䣡
һ˵ʵȴǼ̵ʱ䣬ʥûػơ
ɫԱߵĹħͬյʥ˫¶⡣
ȸʥʿνб˿ǰһӣʱѪҺ˲ϢɳֱϷȸȥһ塣
ȸ˻һĻŨֱ·ħȥ
ͬʱ׻ʥͬˣʥ·һʱ֮ɫ䣬һ޷ĳȻص
ǰһָеͺȣ߲ʻ飡
һǰȻ߲֮˸ڣȻûһͷ߲ʻ߲֮ĴСǰ׻£ֱ֮׻ȥ
߲飡
߲飡
ӵȻ߲һͷ߲䣬һһûŭ˳ȥ
Ҳ˫Уֱնȥ
ǹħ춢ʥԼ͸һ˿־壬ʥһӣЩ죬ϡڼⲻصļ䣬ħļ䡣ħ̧һָգеͺȵգ£ǣ֮仰ڵɲǣʱⱻʥռݵգȻͳһƬǹ⣬ǹֵ̫ͻȻȴڳֵ˲䣬ֱʥȥ
ǹ֮󣬸ɫǲصĻ磬ֱӽ٣¹Σûκƾջû
¹֮֮ĵһʽҲǿһʽգ
֮ǿգ޾֮ڹħͨʩչ˲䣬ǿУâ˸һۡ
ԽԽĹâأһĹԽԽ󣬴Ŀ֮ǿգܷ·ȫ
ĹâԽԽ󣬼Ƭ̼䣬ʹﵽǧɴСâ֮Ũз˿̾ͻ˫ĿʿΪ㣬Ҳ˫۴ʹ͸
˿̣ǧɴСĹ򣬾ͬһ̫źХֱ֮֮ڳȥ
Ӹ˫䣬ֱʥ
ȸʥҡͷƽ˵ãȸʥ̫ʥʵֻʽӡʽȴʥڣڣ
Ȼߵִ֣˿Ȼ˼ޣȻҧ̧ͷȥ
ľ׻Ϸȸ𣬱ɿˮȸڣʽӡǱ𣡡ȸʥǰһӣƽĿڵ飡
ͬʱʥڣ̱ͬĻﴫ
飡飡飡
һʥ֮Ȼ𣬾Ȼһ̣İͨһɫǹ׻һѽ󵶣ȸһ쳤䣬ǻɫĴ󸫣
ʥİѷֱ·ȥӵ߲飬̾ͱǹ͸ûκͣͣȻ
飬ͬˣ޷赲ʥһʽӡת䣬׷׻ɨصķ籩ɢ
ħǹ⣬У֮ȴʥĴ͸£߽⣬¹⣬Ҳֻֿһ£ɢˡ
ʥХٽֱħӶȥʱͻȻ֮ϹâĿȴǿйħ֮ǧɹ㣬Хٽ
ɹ㣬˳֮رƿس룬˲Ϣ䣬Ͱȫڹâ֮ڣ֮⣬ͨмΪǿһʽ˵ħʩչķЩԣ˿̷ӳȴǲС
âУ̾ʥһɲǼ䣬ʥͱ˷ĳǹâײ
֮Ȼ𣬾ʱȸʥ˫Ŀ¶⣬ǰһָеͺȣȸʥ־̫ʥһأ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥڲٿߣ׷׺ص
ҵأأأ
ɲǣİʥâһȻ໥֮ںϣȫȸʥγ˳쳤ڣ˲䣬쳤̷ת֮¾Ȼ翪ٵһ㣬׻ʥӰ֡
ɫһѹֱħȥѹɣش¡¡ľ죬£İȥΪһһ㡣
ǹħ죬˫ۺⱬȴڸǲסǿ־Ŀ⡣
һĻʿ׷׵һ¶Ȼ֮Źʥڵ̫ʥֻ֪ʥٵأ֮Ϊɵ
˿ǵһۿ֮ʱǼʥڣٴθУþ޷ɢ
ľüյʥüͷɨһֺȴɫУûȥעʥ
֮ߣǶʣ¶һ˿ɵ֪ʥ覴ã覴ãʥ
ʥӦˡʥʵСĿһ


1084 Ե
ħȫħӿ֣̾Ϸһ޴ħӰħӰ£Ҫ
ǳ쳤һѹħӰʱƺһȻ侹Ȼѹ£ǳ쳤ն¼䣬ħӰ̧˫Ҫ
ֻǺһħӰ˫Ȼ˿޷ֹѹ¡
ħ¶־壬˲֪ʥȴڹ۲֮󣬴ӿʼĲ²⣬һֱڼΪȷ
⡭̫֮ħϷħӰ˿̺¡¡ľ£ȴǸ޷赲ۿǳХնħӰֱ졣
ʱԱߵ¶һ˿ϣһ˦ȫ߲֮âƣһָǰеͺȣ߲ʣˡ࣡
һһ⻷Ƶ߲֮âʱâֱħϷĳȥ
ȣʣµУâ룡
תۼ䣬ӵһͺȣĳȻߵ֮ͬâȫһһֱǰһ߲֮硣
âһ֮ԣһͷڷ޷Զһͺ߲֮â̾תһ߲С
ڣľףһץУǰһףľױ˴ײǰƳΪһ˫Ŀ͵һ֮һָľס
ˣɵһľ֮϶ʱһ޷ݵϢϢһ֣ǳ쳤Ϊ֮һ١
һľڽҪѣȻһ㣬˲䣬һʱһ
˫ĿһһۣĿ¶֮â
ӵĵԭ֮ˣǽתԳɵ˾Ȼ޵޳⾳Ȼ˵
ǹħ죬˿ҲƿһЩӵĿ⣬𾪡
ֱĶľڴϢϢ伫Ϊ̣ĴڣһЩȡԶԨڣǹͷ­˿ڴĽᾧǽᾧ͸Ϣľ֮ϵϢһһ
ۿľ֮ϵϢԽԽŨȸʥ˫Ŀһԥǰһָʥеȸʥأеͺȣ죡
ǳ쳤һĽϻȻһɢʱգһ֮Դһ㣬յĻ棬˳ƿȱǿգһʱ֮䣬СȫŨŨĻ档
ǳڣȻҲӿֳľһһϢȴǿ
ȸʥָ£ǳֱն£ӭľס
䣡
˷ĳľֱӱ߲УҲǷһѡ
һѪ˷ĵˡ
ǳѹ£ƿһ谭ֱ˹ħͷһ˲䣬ŭüĺѸۣȴħ֣˳üĳһ֮⣬ֱȥ
ǹħǹ֮֮һһ壬˿ⳤѹ£ħŭ𴫱ء
ֵɲǣڳ֮âһȴǻ̫ʥѪҺȻӳڷɳâһֱ˹ħüġ
⡭ѪҺ̫ħҽУüĶʱڻ̱ѪҺ͸鵹ˣصУҪ˺󣬵ѪҺȴֱüģγһʺķӡ
ħһ̵˵ϡ
ȸʥģԪʩչ̫ʥļǵһؿҲˣؿʥڣΨֻۣҲ޷
Խģȴһӣǳ쳤˸ֱеӶȥ
˲Ϣ䣬ⳤٽӵͷһն
һն֮£ڳ֮̾ǹûа׻֣֮֮ꪳ£
ȻȸʥǶɱ
ɫ͵̧ͷΣͷüĺݺݵһ˺ȴǰӡ˺һ룡
˺һ룬һ޷ݵϢʮȻ𣬶Կʥ̫ʥĺ
֮ȻصγһɳУٴһѪӼ۶ߣתۼ˺գʧ
ǳ쳤Ʈڰգһ
ȸʥʳĬӸΪ͸ߵķҡͷϷǵȫʢ֮ʱӲʥĵڶء
̾пһˣĿϣ˵ѣҪٴʥΪô
߳ĬƬ̣һ۵ϱӡĹħ죬ֿһδȻƮڰյ̫ʥ
Ϊʱ֣ΨһҪɵģ̫ʥ
ϷΪصһ飬ħҲ̫ʥӡҲˣǣ֮߷ĳֵĴ㣬̫ʥɵյʥ֮뵱ܴ󣬿һǰʥڱƼˣѪĻ
߰̾һΣֱնȥڰͷľüһۡ
ľüĬƬֵ̣ıӰҧ´ҡһۣôһۣ
ȸʥһ㶣Ŀһɨû˵
ɫ԰ףڵѾԳܵļޣԪǱɢļľüĻУʹһĵʹ¶
ûתûлشľüĻǶߵȸʥʿڵҪһȸʥô
ȸʥʵͷ
ЩҶ˵ѣҲһߣǻָȸʥһҿԴӦ
ȸʥ΢΢һЦͷԣ
˵ţʥ̸֮ɢ˵ߣЩ֮ˣǷ׷˺¶ɵ
ҵѺܶ˶ʧȥ
ʥڻۣ
ֳ˾ͽʬ涾
𣡡
ҶҪظ
Ҹǣʥڰȫ֮
֮ڣһ֧մˡ
һ˴ߣȸʥڣ
˵Щˣ֮ǰͼɱңҪǵԪ񣡡ĿâЩˣĴħͷһ㣡
ܵ˺ԥ̾ͼۺɢһӶݡȸʥк˸ͷºð죡һ˦Ʈڰյ̫ʥʱһһΪģܺɨ
ҽ֮Ȼص
ֵĮľüҧŵ´ٴѪ¶ʹ࣬ĺ֣Ҫ㣬Ҽһۣ
еʹֿ࣬ȴ֪Լʹ࣬Ũһ޷ɢֱ˫ۣƽ˵ǷŮһĵҩһξ֮
ȸʥ΢Ц취Ϊ㳥֮⣡ô
ֳĬҡͷ߰ɡ
ȸʥʴһӣֵ֮ƮʥʵԪ£ֱ֮ȱڶȥ
֣ҵĺӣҪľüɫ԰ףӲ֣˫ָս
㣬䣡͵תһֱԼһֱڿƣ˿̣ȴҲƲס֮𣬰ʹ࣬й
ˣ˿ʹѹֵһǣһѪǰһƬڰ
ʥڡˣˡ
ľü۽ǣˮʹвϵһѪˣͬ
߳̾һӣľüԶԶȥ
УΨɣص
Ե


1085 
ɵ۶֮صһĻĻ򣬺ƽɵ۶Сǣȴ̫ࡣ
һУ˿νʧأɾ񲲻֪ȥ򣬸ʧ˴ˡ
ջصܲʣߣȻࡣ
һĻĻϢͬѩһ㱻º󣬼֮ˣ֪¡һţΪ֮𾪣˼̬С
ռģǲӴޱȵˣȻܵػֻʱĶȹһĻĻҥֹ£ȴ˲òȥ顣
Щʿ𾪵ģʥڵٴγ֣ҥУʥȸʥʽ٣ʩչ̫ʥش˳ųԱӣӡѵɵۡ
¿ν춯أʿ͸ľ֡
ʥڵӰҲڣҥԲϣĸ˵С
ǵİһͷ˯ޣ˿̣µѡ
ͬʱʿ棬ҲֹͣһеĽҲ˼һĻĻϢ١
ܲʿһĻĻ޷ŵϢ£׷׳Ĭеȴ˵ķ
˳ߣضȫʬŭ뱨
ֻǣڼ˶ڵȴ˵ĶʱȴǼĬûκεľٶ
ʱ仺Ĺȥֹ¡
أԽԽʿ˲˺ĳĬĺ壬ֻ
һξ춯رǰ𡭡ܲܵ޷Ĵ
ڴ˿̣ܲһϵһʱ˻Ȼˡ
췽һʱޱ޼ʵʿĹһеֿ֮ͬˮһ㣬ϵƽ
췽չȫһºڼΪĪʬڣ˾֮սռϲԳһأȫֹһзʬʿڡ
һϲ⵽ʬڻԵĴ
ʬڵĶʱ˷ˣʹΪ֮𾪡
˿̣ܲɻǳĬûܲһʱ֮˵ò˴ۣԿ췽ķ
ֻһȴǺγĵֿʿϵӿĳ£ڽڰˣգ־һɱ˱׵ĳΪ췽ɹռһƬ
ʱ䣬뵱ɵ۶ҥԳ֣Ѿ˿ңУܲûκϢȫյĴֹһ˽롣
ԶԶȥܲû֣ͬһƬҥйܲȻκߵϢڲϵش
أ֮ˣйȳΪʧվ¸ˣγɴССڶʵνǸǿգγһڣ
ЩռǣʿɣռʮǣԳһڡ
еģԭ߼ʧȥ˵Ĺʱʬһ
ЩУǿģķΪǷֱڣе˼ƹ«ѹ
˼ã伣һ󣬱˴˶
֮ǰڵмᣬ˴֮£ճΪµֱ˵аš
ķ֮⣬ЩɢɢĸСЩ˵ȫ֮
ռ뱱췽沢û㣬ǰģѡϲʬڣ˲дԼܲص˶
ʬڲ򲻵ѣ첻ԸȥײڶķڣӦѾΪʥڵأֻһֱûȷʵݶѡ
ʥڣ췽Ǽɵʬڡ
һ˲дܲȻѡʿ׼һٽ֮ʱ
ܲĴھ˽ķպ󣬺Ȼתشˡ
ܲĴ򿪣̾ʹڣһ籩ʹĽŲһ٣
ʬڣҲ̹
˵Щڵʿ˶֮ܲʱܲȴûΪһɵڶȡǿϣһڴڣҷһ׷ɱ
ɱ֣ľħӣƷɣֽʥȸʥˣ
ȡԪߣɻ˵ɽ紫У
׷ɱ⣬ܲǴһ
֮ԭʿֿʿһʱػ֮ܲ쳤ţɽ紫һ
вսߣ˱֮ʱһ̣
֮⣬һ֮ܲʱķʿ׷׻á
Щ˵Ļۣ˿̴ɢɼܲڵΣ
ڷɢ˴ķܲĴһοܲȫķա
֮ǰǶݵĿȴʹʿ׷һǵ꣬󶼲ԼУԽΪߣ˱ԽǿӲȡ꣬
һʹˣͳء
ͬܲǷ֮򶫲ʥ
ʥڵȷ췽ʱ䣬׵ռ˶ɨһ֮
һʱ֮䣬򣬱ָ֧飬Ϊս˵ǿʬڵأʥڵԼ˲õķ󣬻ǲòԿƣȴʹ෽ﵽһ΢ƽ⡣
ֻǣ˵ĳ϶ȴǲΪƽƣ췽ĽŲһֱ˲࣡
սŲϵؽս˳
˿̣˶ʥڣһƬȼյһɫӴʯϣϥһꡣ
һ£òѰȴһʹɷǣ˫ĿؿУǼȦŻشڱ롣
һУ·ʯڣӿֳİɫ棬ڡ
ϥѾ꣬Уδ뿪ƽĴɣʯϻ֮Ԫơ
󣬻һߣ߼Ϊϣʧȥ˾󲿷ֵУʱ̧֣걳ȥ
ÿһָ£߶ӲƴӿֳԪ˳ָǰڡ
꣬Ҳͬһһͷ׷޷Զ̺ĸ£Ũ
ȸʥڣʥʱҪѧϰͨΪȸ䣬̫֮ͨţ˵£۷֮ͨһ


1086 ˮϢ
꣬ǰ֮뿪֣
ǰ֮ˣΪأԪǱҪɢľüһʹ񣬵ƱԹȥ
ʱϥɫʯϣ䱳ߣȸʥʡ
ַ뱾Ȼֿȸʥ֮ڣķϥֱˡ
ʱ䣬ڵĻԪͻͽΪ֮ڸܵ˾Ϣֻ뾻֮ǰһ⾳򷽿ͻơ
⾳ǿ󲻵ãԽļԽͣͲǰУ̨ϵǻԪڰԪȻﵽ۷塣
ȸ䣬ÿһ䣬ͿʹֻͨͨΪ£ȸʥʣ˿۷塣ֱ̧֣ϡ
̾һԪ˳ָڡ
Ϊȸξѣ˰ɫȸȸ޳ɾеĵһ䣡
ȫ͵һǣ֮Ȼ𣬻صܣԶԶͬһصȼյ
һȸʥڵڣһ֮ͨ壬ɽ棬ڲϵȼգǣĻ£ɽ徹Ȼֲڣ˵ɫϺɫľȴɽҰ
紵һ˿ˣʹҶɳɳ֮մںϣһζ
ɽ嶥ˣϥһˣͷ­˶ӰС˫Ŀպлɣ֮ջص˲䣬˫ۣգɫһƬƽ
˵УڼҲҪӦ
Ǵͷ
ͷ֮رȸʥںȸڼϵİ£ԻΪ⣬ľΪǣԪΪѪԴͷһ֮ǰһһ
ҪͷϵϤ֮󣬿Գ֮ܳǰҪǿһЩͨ
ɽ岢ֻдͷһˣڲԶһڣ׼һͷȺϥɣǰһЩСƿװŹյĵҩ
ʧŸԶĵطȼյڸԶһӲУһƬɫɳĮ˿̷籩Х
籩죬ɳܣЩɳײǳ֣̺˸¡
籩ķ磬ͬһ㡣
ɲǣ籩Ȼһ٣̱һлû¶ϥһˡ
ӷʴ󣬿һɽֻ˿ɽ㣬ĺˮȴ˿ɽ١
ȥϵĺˮɽգ¶ЦҡͷԴֺϷج˲֮ظˣҴ˲ǹѶ֮ȸʥڣҲ֮簲ȫ١
֮ǰֵķӡҲͽ⿪֮ս󣬼ûзӡϷҲֶ̫ͨ£֮صһĻĻͨҹľ˵λԶˡ
Ӵޱȵȭͷп־
ӣܲϵش
ȼΧһϣǲ󣬵Գһ󷨣תлͬȼһ㡣
󷨵ģϥһӣһа̺ޱߵİԵиһɷ̺
ڴ˵ͷһɢƯÿһ󷨵ת۶Ļ涼һ⺮ڣڴ˱ڽһתɢ·ա
գƽȬǱ֮ǿ˲٣ҪǣڵĶأ˫ѹ£Ľ
¡¡͵˫ۣˮ˳Ŷͷ£ڣ˵صȣ䤱
ܲˣӴһһԾһѱסһ֮£¶ı飬ֻǣûãһߴԶ
붾͸Ϸ
ط̫ȣҪֵˣӱڴڵڵĺ
ʱͻȻһԶХٽӵɲǣһߣȸʥ֮һüͷһġ
һ̾룬˵ϡ
˾ͽСޣϷȻʥ֮ȫΪ⿪أͱҪҵһзԸĻݹϷʩӽѵ
ӣ˾ͽϣ֮˺ڶرȸʥڣǸͦꡣ
ֻ˵ȴǸΪʹ࣬ʹĸԴǰΪɶߡ˾ͽ乵ͨûκôƺģʱ̲Լɣһģ̾ͨٽ
˲̵ģӵţһ죬㳢һ±ĸо˾ͽϲĵϥ£ɡ
¶΢ЦǶ˾ͽСޣΪã˵ֹԷһȴΪ˾ͽϺá
֮ʱҲ˷ִ磬˵˾ͽ˿ԣЦãϷһĵ
ţ˾ͽϷһƤʵҲףΪԼãֻȣʵЩ޷ܣҪǣɣүÿζ˾ͽϳ̾׷䲻ѡ
ǵǰСƤҲӵţ
ХԶԶشʧˡ
˫һӣʱµİɫʯ飬ӿֳȣӿڡ
ǸߣɫԽӲ԰ףϵŨɳƵ˵ϷǼֲ˶á
ϣϷ֮ǰɾһ䣬ˣϷҲɷİȸʥڽ㡭
Ψ˾һ䣬ſԲٿȸʥ̫ʥ
ϥ˫ջأ˳žתĺһ˫ۡ
޷һ˫ʲô˫Ŀֻ˵ͬǹ貣һУпһ֮ŵͷĿڣ̺һɶϤһеǡ
ʥʷľǣһᾡƽ˵
֮ǰ˵ʥʱ֮ɽ磬󡭡ֻ֮ɽĿƿУϾ˻֮ɽľ󲿷ִУû֮ɾ޷
ʥĿǰʵл޷˿⣬֮ɾϷ취ֻȡӪʥʵ飬Ҫˡ
У͸ŨŨƣд廹񣬶ѾƣֻǷĲʥڣҧֵڣÿ춼Ҫ˵˥޾ʹࡣ
ʦˮϢֳĬƬ̣ڱĿǰʵ
ˮɾ֮Ϸ׹٣ʥչȫҲֻǲʱĲ֣ҲܲķΧڡ
ϷɣܲˮˣкܴĹ߳У˵


1087 һ䣡
ֳĬ˺ǣˮҪ飬û˿̾һֱ˫ۣڡ
Ϸ֪ˮĹϵһ޳֮Ϸȡɾ֮ʱõˮȷϢ߿һǰ֣Ŀ¶顣
ǰСˣϣȸʥڵϣ
Ϊ˴ӣԲϧһУ
֮أΣ֮ʱлˣ˿̰֮Ȼˮ֮ˣϷİȸʥڽĴһͨ
߰Եͷ̧֣ٴεֱԪϵӿڣԪ񣬻ԪڵĻ֡
ʱ仺ţתֹȥһ꣬һУڵĸû̫ı仯ڣս𲻶ϡ
ʥڵ򶫲Ҳû̫ڣֻܲһֵķһЩΪߣǱʥڷΧڡ
ֻЩ˷ˣȫʥڵѲնɱһЩΪ߱ܿѲˣҲڽ⵽ʥڳϵ
˵ķսʼճʬﵹһƬƽֻսϣÿÿʬ֮˳֡
ǵĳ֣һѼսߵĻд棬һϵ˫˱
սĳʹʬܵ˺ܴĻӭԴԴ˵ڶڡ
ͬģ񣬷ϵȵһн֮Ҳӿʬڡ
ڣƺֻ֮ʥڣΪ
һʱڣֵٶԽԽ죬ڴȸʥΧڲϵػصʹȸʥڵˣкܶûмˣȴȫġ
˶֪⴫֣֮δʥʣȸʥڵϣڵĵطͻзͻȨ
ȸʥڣͬˣȫϿ֣෴ͻȻֵеִߣ١
֮ǰȸʥΪµʥʣӴѡˣмΪʡһЩһʿҲǶʥʵţ˲
ֻʥʵ̫ʹЩ˲Ҳӡ
ʱ䣬һǧҹҹּδֹͣɣȸʥʲϵذԪڣټڵʯڱ̺ȡ
ʹֵΪԽԽԪȻȫָڵĻָڻ治ϵ£Ҫڻһ룬ɢ֮ȫұ֮ϣ߸ͼ֡
֮ת֮ĸԴڡŲϵգһգڵĻԪȻﵽ˼ޣͬҪ˳űһ㡣
˺֮Ȼ䴫ȫһ˲䣬͵˫ۣ˫Ѹ£ÿһָ£ڵİԪɲǼɢһЩ
һߴΣǽҪԪʱɢڵĴʹҲ֮ʧֻȫĺˮȴǰʪһƬա
ǵڰ˴ˡֺһڳ˵
ղŵһĻ־˰˴ΣÿһζԪﵽ۷壬ܲסҪԱ֮ʱԼٶȰȫԪϵѹʹԳܸԪ
ʼĴΣȸʥʳѹƷӡڵԪļΣɡ
Ԫѹɲǣұ֮ϣ߸ͼڱߣֶһ
˸ͼڻƣֻһͿɳΪһԲΡ
еһ䣬ȡǾ֮⣬Ҫ㲻ϵջ֮ѹƳɾŸͼڣŸͼڣľУȫ֮죬ȫһ壬ӡΪһ䣡
֮һ֣Ǳ仯ǱǿڵһУǿֻ֮ˣϷſɷΪʥʣҲɷȥһˡȸʥʲϵ
ֻǣϷʱ䲻ˣθ֣ܵ£ұҪӿھԪգ̻ʹ࣬Ҫܣ㣬ͬ⣿
ֳĬ֮˵ͷĿ¶ᶨ
ãȸʥ֮ɫŨźϷȸӡǣȸǰһЩ
ȸʥҡͷûж˵˫ʯһģһ̷𣬵£ඥ˫һ
Ȼ䣬ȸʥڵĻԪͬһ˳ӿڣµİɫʯ飬Ϣ˿˿֮ͬʱӿС
һڵԪʱһֲ˼ĳ̶ȱֻǿеĹʹ࣬ȴǾǳ˿Գܡ
֣ҲȫɢŨŨİЩˮ
Ԫӿ룬ַҪ˺ѵʹ࣬ʹֵòŤͺд˿̵ͷ·Ǵŭ֮У
ʱţֵĵͺԽԽ󣬵󣬼һ㣬ȫ𣬷·ҪڵԪͻͽԽԽӿǴڴ¡¡ľ죬Ϊһ壬ܷĴ
һ̣ȼյڣȫʹĺ
ʹУֲӱܣжʹϵҪȫ񲻶ϵתӿڵӴԪʹ䲻ϵתĻ̾ͻᱬ
ȸʥҲ֮²ôĸ֪ܵԼֻµˡ
֮˵˥ٴαɣ
ҵʹֵ춯أڵ죬ڵԪһδﵽ۷壬ͷȸʥʣӲϣе£
ʲôȸʥң˫ȴǳڴǰ֡
µĿµȸ޺֮ˣµȸԼ棬ȸڣ
һҪɹ˿̵֣ȫϣǿЦȪ
ŭȫԪıڣ֮صԪ֮£޷ʹ̧֣࣬ҪԼؿڣӡԪ
ȸʥ¶ʧȴûֹ֪˿ʹܲҽ˳һ䣬ܣĻɹĻߣʱϻٺܶࡣ
ҶҪЩˡϾֻһһǧĺӡҪֻ֣ҵʱ䣬ˡȸʥɫ¶ήңİ̾˫ۡ
˫۱ϵ˲䣬׼ӡԪ֣Ȼͣ˫Ŀ¶ᶨһ޷˵ľġ
ڰ˻ͼڣ̧ͷһͺ
ұϵڰ˸ͼڣʱȼֱϷȥȼյڣʢһ֮
ֵһԾһХ춯ؼ䣬ʢĻ̷֮ƣֱֶȥڣǣȼյһл档
һ̣ȸʥڵȼΪ֮ڣ
һ̣ȼڵһ飬ȫ𶯣׷̧ͷ
һ䣡ȸʥڣڶߣɫ¶֪ȸʱļ
ȸѣһʥʣһɣʥʣʥʽ


1088 ʥʣ1
ƮǿգһƬ棬ȼХǿҰȸʥڡ
ұϣ˿ֻʣ߸ͼڣ⣬ǸոչĻ֮罾һţŨŨĻԪѸٵֵڡ
ֵڣ޷ĻԪͬ籩ɨǻصأϣʹȼյڣ˶һ̣š
ҵʹ˺һڣ壬ͬһƿӣ˿̣ȴҪװűԪһʹ֪
ȸ䣬ǽԪͬʱڲϵѹ֮ǿߣȸĵһ䣡
ڵľʹʹ沿ǳԪѾҪűһ㡣
ʹ˷ȴԸҧ֮£˺ˮڳ̧֣һεұۻͼ֮ϡ
ǵ߸ͼȼգֱֵұţٴλһ֮ͬʱڵ֮ﵽ۷壬һǷܴ
һƬѪʱ庹ëǰֻѪһ֣̾ͱܵĻһƬѪɢ
ԪڣҪĸоӾңȫһ
𣡣
У̾г֮â˸ȴǳһ˲ûϰ֡
׳ֵɲǣڵ޷Ԫʱҵйһ㣬ڣ̾ʹֵ׳֮âŨ
ԶʯϵȸʥʣĿת֣ɫ¶ڴţȻ̧޷ܣڵһʱ֣һ䲻˵ʧڵһ䣬ξѵˣΪҪ
Ϸ̫ļˣѰǿˣܺѾ⣬һʧͻ̳Ӫȡ
ȸ׳֣ʹʹ˻⣬غһٴεұۣ֮Ȼ֣ӽԪȻ
ȻζҪʹ࣬ԡ¶һ˿ɫڿ˵ͼںûͣ٣Σ
ͼڣͼڣͼڣ
֮£һĸͼڱּͬʱ򿪣һɲǣԪ춯أصȼ
һĻȸʥҲ˫ͫ׺ݺݵһֹһɷĺ֮⡣
һǧУﵽĳ̶ȣܹȸѣżȻԸеɺ棬ĪĹ
ԪеԪһԪȻڣһһѪ̧üһ㣡
̴ڣѸٷɳһֻɫȸȸһ־̴ȸ֮ڵԪǴΧĳȸڣʹȸһ¾Ӵһ㡣
ȸ걾סȸʥʵ٣Ӱȸ֮ߣ
ȸĳ֣ҧסȫľʹͺٴεұ۽ʣͼеһ
ɲǼ䣬ͼ̻һԪѸ͵ڣһַ̣Լ壬ڵ⣬ȫȼһ㣬ͬغ¯ڱϵ
˿̵ֲ֪ȼյڣһȸ֮ˣ׷ʶ֮ͬķ֤һʥʵ𣡸һϤ֮ˣҲעһС
׼ͷڵɽ壬Ҳ˹ˣ̧ͷգԼ˿Ըܵ˿̵֣ͬʱеķˣڳһ㣡
ӡ
һƬɳĮķ籩У˿̷籩ʧգ૵ǿԪĪǡĪУչĳ̶ȡ
һϣ˾ͽҲɣ˫Ŀ¶⣬գɫ¶һ˿ţԱߵȸڳϣҲûдߴ˾ͽͬգɫжһڴ˷ܡ
ϵһ̣Ҳɵǣ
˾ͽڵϣжϤ֮ˣһˣ֮ΪλһƬ
ȵĸ¿Ļ䣬ΪȴûУ˿һƬȫǳɫĻڣϥһŮӡ
ŮӲǻŮӣ˿̣Ů̧ͷŲ񷣬ɫ¶֮âʱ䣬ԼƼһЩʲô
һˣ֮ΪһƬѵ󣬴㣬ܣһЩȻޡ
ֻ£Щһü֮Ƥ¡
ˣɽҧʳָһƤϻȥ̧̾ͷָһ¡
ˡҪô
ͬȼյڣһڱԵϣߵһɽ嶥ˣһɫʯʯһһʯ£ϥһꡣ
ǧҹҹУʼһػʯ񡣴˿̧̣ͷɫ¶һ˿
ʦ𡭡ʮ
ڵϣһȸʥڵĳǳڣһɫɣߣڳǽͷžƺһһڵĺ£ɫ͸ɬʼն
յХĳʹ̧ͷһۺ£Ⱦơ
϶ǴԲǡˮһڰѾƺȸɡ
ȥҴЩ߰Ѿƺųһס
վһòŮŮҧ´걻ȸʥڽ˵ʱӾǰӣһᣬŮĬĬתȥ
Բ𡭡϶ʹĴŮĶС
ȼյڣһط˵ظͬȴһʹܵĻ滷ת
ħͷ֣ɱǧģӺûܻ֮࣡
үŹСӰɣ̫ʹˣ
ɷǰүүƼˣӺƴ
ҵ֮ڼûжϹʱᴫҽУʹȸʥˣ·󣬷׷ƵߣԶ롣
ģϥһˡȫƣʱʩչֿͨв̾ͻᱻ
ˣ˿̵ӼΪǱ˫Ŀ֮âȴǱ֮ҪУĻƣʹòԼõԶŽ⴫У˲ſȥ
ֻһɨǰͻɢһЩͬʱ̴дΪϰߡ
СүүҪǳȥˣȻ㲻ݣ䣬Īһ͵תԶ¶һ˿֡
̵ģɱǧĪҪ˲ɣۣһҪԡôȥǳˣһҪ
ڻʹصǽͼеһͷųӴԪʹʹأ
˿̵һף׷Ʈҡһֻ޴İɫȸϵڵԪˣԪ룬Ȼ޷ܡ
˺ѵʹԽԽңʹಢûǼֵ⣬ʹЦɫʹЦҲ͸˷


1089 ʥʣ2
һ䣬ֶܳɹұһͼںݺݵһ㣬ɲǼ䣬һԪȻ䱬
һ˲䣬־ͬһΧȵĸ£ȻҲ޷ܣ忪ʼȼա
Ѿ˼ޡϷ֪㾡ˡȸʥ̧̾Ҫ֣ףһǿеĳһ䣬ֳܲס֮ǰİԪǿԵֿһǻûȳɹͻ̱ķն
ȸʥ׼ֹּ˲䣬͵תȼգȸʥʣ͸ɳƣ͸Ļ档
ңûޣ
㡭ȸʥִ˿̵˫ۣһ񣬳˲ģе˫Ŀ
ͬǱѹƷӡھȪľħܹȥ£ǲŭʼմڣԶҲ
һ̣ȸʥˣǰֵĵ
޳ɵ죬졭
ķգûַ̧üһ㣬ԪֱüĶȥ˲Ϣ䣬ü֮Ͼһг֣̫Ԫ񣬵
Ԫüģһŭ춯أ
𣡣
̫ʹ֮Ȩһɲǣȼյڣʱһ֮һε׹˲Ϣǿա
һ̣ȼյʿ׷׸ܵؼһŨϢ¡¡ת۾ȡһϢ
һ׹Ļûͬһ趯ߣ˷۶ȥ׹̫죬ʹʿֻܿȻ䱻һ
ǴϷȼյȥĿ޾׹£ޱ޼ʵͬһ׺Σۡ
ͷ·ȼյڣһɨ׵籩
׵籩ģֵڲϵȼ֮£һڣʹ˶ʱ׻𽻴֮С
һ˲䣬İɫȸһֱ֣ڣϻͼڣͬʱȸڵԪǷӿС
ͬģڷɢԪҲһ˲䵹ڡ
һ̣г׵׵̺˾ԪҲ˴ηӡ֮ѹȫԪ
Ȼ䣬ַ·ΪһˣŨŨһ⼱ٵתγһ޴ĻУͬʱȼյһл棬ȻһͬܵٻǣȻһ۶
ڣĻһƶ̾һľұ仯ģ·Ľڣ
򶫲ռ˽ɵĻһ̱ʹܷĴ͸
ʥڣһȺӴͬһޣ˵һľ֮䣬ͷһֻΪ޴ͬСɽһɫޣм䣬һ٣Զȸʥڵķ򣬱˫Ŀ¶˼
ʥڼˣһ˲䣬ȫȸʥڵı仯ʥһɫϣһľǾľϥߡ
һɲǣ߼ͬʱ˫ۡ
ȸʥ»ʽҪ໥˿¶ϲ֮ɫһԾֱȸʥڶȥ
ͬһĻʥҲ˾ˣʥڣһƬУſһͷԼʮɴСޣ޼ΪɢʱͷһɨסһͷСС
˲Ϣ䣬˫Ŀ͵һȫɲǻصʹ÷ԲڶʱΪһƬ׹̧ͷȸʥڵķɫһ¶
ͬʱʥڣϷ׷Ծ𣬷ȸʥڡ
ȸ»ʵʥ˵ǼΪ¡֮£⼸ٶȷɿ죬硣
׻ʥڣһ̣ҲӰžϲ֮Цǿնȥ
ȸʥڣǷһ㣬˳ǿգЩУǼѣҲһЩɫ粻
ԭΪһʥʶĽΪأһŮ˽֮òȻض˵Ϊڿ뾻֮䡣
ǵһУΪΣԼѮңΪȻﵽ˾ڣվĸߣ׷ɫա
ΣɫˮĸܵǿеĻ棬Լٶֱȥ
һ䡭Σƣ橣˿¶˾ģ
ѮߣһһŮȸΪʥߣ˿̳Ĭ
ʦ֣Ҳǰһս֣Ҿǣ̧ͷĿᶨնɫڿʱ¶һ˿βɫ
Ʊһĸ֮ˣʾѣȸʥСиΣ֣ԭܲǰ֮صһĻȴÿλһͷ亹
֣ѾӲ˲ȳΪ˿־壬ڣĴӺΪͶĴͷֵ֪һЩ󣬲˿ȵĳ羴
εĴ㣬۵
ΨһŮӷ橳ĬƬ̣ͬҡͷɣ橱Ϊʥʣʧܣһʦ֡
һ˿Ҫ˵ʱͻȻǿеĻ˲ϢΪңͬһľ죬׹ںϣٶȻӿֹ
޾ۣϵڣһˣǣĻ𺣣ǣף
Զȸʥʣɫ¶ļ֣ο
𺣵룬ֱ˫̧ۣ֣Լؿһ㣡
һ
ɲǼ䣬֮Ȼһ£ܻ۸졣
ֵһ֮£һõӰ֣ӣȻһһֻӰͨȫεĻɡ
֮Ӱֵ˲䣬ȼյĻ𺣣ǳһ㣬һѹ
ûͣ٣Ѹһһϡ
ɲǼ䣬˾£ÿһε£ܵĻͻȻӿٶȣ֮ӰΪһֵ֣ͺȵųһ䣡
ӰȻ䳹׵Ȼһ֣ⲻǷǾһ֮飡
һ֮£ڣ˲ϢԪеĻںϣȻֵԪڣٴγһԪ
ʱ㣬˫ۣһ֮â˲Ϣ侪춯ضʹܻȻ裬ӭӣ
ĿУ̺һ֮ףʹĿ֮䣬죬ںϣֱ˴ˣ
ʥʣ
ʥʣ֮ͬ˵Ӧһʥʳʱ𺳣ʹһ̣ȸʥڵˣ׷״˼ź
ΨΣѹһ˿ĪĿֻţɫΪ
һ̣졢ʬڡ˷ɢڶȫ


1090 ī
ʥڴÿһʥʵĳ֣𼫴ĺ䶯Ҫ֪ʥԴԶɽδʱȻڡ
˵ɽΪ𣬵ȫʢʱڵʥڣĴʥʽڣɽ磬ҲҪһЩ棬һ»ʳ֣ɽ綼
Ǹʱ򣬸ûˣеģֻ֮֮ɽδʱ׼ȷ˵ɽֱһΪɽƿ½һʿ
ֻʥڵǿټһЩԭʹɽڣʥ֮ͬʱڡ
ʥʵĳ֣Ԫ仯ǶЩͨʿ˵ֱ仯ɲ顣
˿̣־һĳɹԪȸʥΪģܲȥص
ռ죬ɼʹӰڳɹ̲ͳΪƿߡ
һͬСɽһĺɫƯǿգǰУÿһ⣬Ŵʿ
ԶԶȥĴ٣γһƬ಻Ĵǰзλõ˸
ʿ࣬ȴΨǷɽХ֮صЩսʿ˵˺ܴı仯Щʧȡ֮ģɱ
˿ԪĲЩʿֻЩʿΪȴǺѲԪϸ΢仯
ںһƯмʮСİ繬ڣϥӣȴ͵˫ۡ
˫۵˲䣬⹬ڻʮߣ׷˫Ŀأⱬ
ԪĲǴ򶫲һ߻˵
Ī˶ʲôرɣ
ɫ͸ҡͷⲨر˶ʥڵķΧĪǡʥʳ֣˫۾һЩ޷ȷϾ뿪˵ʱ䣬̫ˡ
ʥڣ˶ҵȶ֣ССɣѹ֮£һ췢ߣɫưм
ʥھλǰ㣬Ⲩп»ʵǲ֪һڵ»ʣӿǺ췢һۣ
Ĳ֪ΪΣԪĲ£һ˿оȴΪ
ͬܵԪģһˣһߣһ£ڴһ̤
̧ͷԶĿԴ͸¶һ˿ɡ
ʥڵ»ʡⲨ̺һ˿ԪȸʥˡһⳡϷ˼һЩ޼ӣϷͲţҳ㣬֣
ϲʬڷΧڣһ޴ĺɫľľ˽Ƿֱ֮һ߹ľ
֮£˵صĹľڶ࣬γһܲƬľΧһſŲ֪ԺͨŲƶǣ㻷ơ
˿̣ؼĲƻصһƬľĺɫײģ̾ʹ֮
ʥʱ̳µʥʡ˼
ĳ֣ܵйľ׷״ָĦ׸ǵУ˺һ㣬ܵǿգһƬѷ졣
ͬܵԪģĴҲᣬķһԭ˼ƹƿʮ򣬻Ƴһͼ
֮ϣǳڣڣƹİ
ںɽڣϥһ׷ߣߴüĿΪ飬˿̣زƻصУ˫ۣĬúīǡ
һǰձвƳ֣һ಼µĹͷӣӲһ߳һȭīǼʦ𡣡
ʥڳµʥʣȥȡƷɵѰɵһ٣ɱǧΪʦǰͷ꣡Ϊȥ
Ǿꡭī̧ͷһֹۣ˵ͷ
Ǿ꼫Ϊأҳƹ񣬱ҪдΪʦʥЩʽ˴νʥʣҳƹ˵ΪҪ
ʽīһ٣˿ԣȴҲûжʣ˸Ƕȥ
ʱ˿̣ʥڷΧڣһӰֱۣȸʥڶȥȸʥڸǻ죬ʥʡ֮˷ﵽ۷塣
غһ̧ͷǰ׻ǿա
Զȸʥ¶֮ɫͷЦãȸʥڣʥʣϷԺЦߣ
̧һץǰһѷ֣ڷɳ⣡
֣ΪȸʥʥʣҪӵƷһΪʥ֮磡һһ㣬̴˹ֱ֡
ǰ˸лһɫ磬Ͼȸƣһɢ
Ϸ˵˥ʱ£ȴû룬Ҳû˴ϵһ졭գ㣡ʥɫ͸ꡣ
һ̴˸ȫâɢȻϡ
ֱһͷ׷гɫף˿ںʹ˳һϢ
ϣĸܵһɲɣѾһ¡
ڶƷȸʥʥʵڣȸʥ飡ʥһӣõڶֱ֡
ץУ̻һö״ƣֻаƴСȴסɲǣ̸ܵڴԪһ²ɣ
ȸʥҪ̫ʥǵУ̻һɫʯ飬Ĺ۲ȸʥ̫ʥ̾ʯڣ֮ӡǲϵ˸
ÿ˸һ£ʯϵȾͻǿһ˿ϵӡǣûֹͣ˸һ㣬Уʹ˫Ŀ¶ء
񣬴˿̸˷籩˿סʯ顣
ʯϣԼܵһ˿ƵϢϢܵȴʵĴڣסǺѲ
üϣʥ֮Ѫʱȡ£ʥ֣¶ο
Ʒȸʥڵһʥ֮ΨʥʲſɴУҪúñȥʥվӣѾήңĶϵʹŨ
˿̣еļοȴǰһʹȫ֮ʥ֣ɫ˴顣
ֳĬ߽ʥԱߣַ֣飬ӽ㣬ʥʣȥɣȥˡϷҪдһδҡ
ʥʣſҪ˵Щʲôգѡ˵ͷؿһۣתԶ
ɫףɫ磬ɫĳǰɫȸͼڣһУʹϣγһּΪʣŵԶȥʧˡ
ߴο˫ۣʼɡ


1091 Ԫ֮
ֵ飬ЩأʥʵһĻ˵Ķ죬İ̾
ֵǰУһ·ȸʥڵǣʿɳһʥʡ֮춯ء
ǴЩȸʥˣļ
ԽԽʿСˣֵĿ⣬˹һ·ȥ˲ϵӡ
ˣһźȸʥ֮ڣʹֽŲһ٣ȥʱֻ׼ͷ
¶΢ЦŶ˵˵ͷ
½ǰУһϲĳЦȴ˾ͽһֺݺݵһЦСӣڳˣ
Цݸʢ˾ͽϵѾȬΪоأҲѹ
˾ͽ֮Ůӣ½ǰŮûκλĬĬĸǸӣһеϲɫȴǷԷθ
գȸʥһ֮ʱȻǵء
ʥʣ
ʥʣ
һصĻصȡǿһϢ
һȸʥǣҲ򣬴˿һɫΪĶ֣Ŀ¶Թ
ԱߵƲĿмɨһΣӷңңԶ˵Ļ֣Ϊ羴ıȭƹӭʥʣɫ͸ȣ֣ûбǵһͬǰ֮صˣ˽ˡ
ֵͨǰЩ֮صˣ׵۷
Ƿԥһ£ҲͬԾһͬӭ
һͬģǾ󲿷ˣ׷׼Ĺӭ֡
һε󼸸ߣвһЩҵˣĬоγĶԱȡ
֣Ҫս͵̧ͷĶԶ˺Цȭ֣ȻȣòôּȥûκϣٳΪʥʡ
ȸʥڣʥʾ죡һзߣΪȫĵˣȸʥڣȴһڣҲⷨ򣬲ʹΣڴ˿ս
һȻصǿգ̾ʹ˲Ϣ䰲һĿȻϡ
棬һЩȸʥڳϣǵ񣬾Ǹ֣˳ĳΪʥʣκηԵ
ʥʣ´
˲Ϣͷˮ£ô˵Ŀۣʹһ𣬵˿ȴǹ˲̫֣֣࣬Ҳҽεս㲻ңΪʥʣ
ߣĬһվεܣ̧ͷĶǿڶڣһϡ
ΣôĵӣĪҲҪȻʥʵɣȺ߳һĸߴߣǵ֮֮һ
ܳϣȸʥʥʽεһ죬һ˾սʥʵʸûɣ
֪Ķܳкһһ˿Цȴûг֣˺󼸲
ߣ˿ǿȸʥڣȥ֮֮ˣһεĿ⣬ǼһЩ¶
Ŀ⻷£ɵһ˲йֵս֮صһĻĻȴʼղţ
Ǵ˿һۿȥ֣ĲֵΪֻǿԲЩţΪţ˵
ʱֵĿ⣬ο
Ŀϣȴһûɵľһ˿⣬ߣҲĿһ
սûлڣɻԸ⣡ֵƽ̺ı䣬ȴʹܷǼ֮һսߵˣ׷˺⡣
ԶҲǲˣ˺غڰλԶţԻ鳤յһȭ
𶯸Ϊңһ˿ԤУ˿̼ϣϸĹ۲£ֵĵȷȷǿԲɫ¶ҧս
ֵ˵ͷ˵뱾ֿû˱ǿֵͨһʽɱͿնɱһоʿҲһսʵϣ˿̵ڲڣЧû˲ࡣ
˵Уôǿ£ֵս־ᳬ˵ϣ
˵ҪʱſʩչĲҹֲ֪ҹͨڣŵ֮˲дߵĿڿഫȻڣһ籩
ҹһһˣսʹһԾΪʿ
Σ㶼ȸʥˣҿᣡһӣ̧˲䣬Ȼͳһõ壡
䣡ֵɲǣ̾ȸʥ˵ĻȻ֮һ̣һ̺ŸΪĿ⣬֣
䣬Ψʥʲſѧϰͨ
ΣҲɫ̲԰ףɲǼ䣬о¶Թ벻ʣͺ˫ȫȻɢγһˣǻʱһģס
Ŀ䣬ֻ䣬Ӱұۣһӣֱյϡ
٣
صȴ̺ؼƿһл֮ϣһ̣ǻ𣬾ҪֵܵĲٿأ
һ٣ʹĻһȻ侹ȻֱζȥΣ֮ʱģһ壬˳ͬһѷɽ֡
˿̵𺳣û뵽־ȻԲٿԼĻ棬֪ԼĻᣬһ˻ɱ˴ˣôһĻƱΣ֮С
һͿȡ֮
ɫƽٴָΣһָ֮£䣬һʩչ˲Ϣ䣬ֱܵһȡ
Ԫ
ƽĻյһָȻ䣬ֱֶΣȻһ٣һѪڴһ
̵ˣ¶Ȼ־壬ȴã
ֻǾ˺ɲǣٴδһ죬Ѫת۾ͳΪѪˡһ̣ǲϵ֮ķѣ
ѪҽлصεԪžų˿̵ȻãͲ֪ΪζԷһָԼ
Ԫոӳ˲ϢԪ̴ɢĺһɻԵں˻׵ĽУԪ񣬶ʱ
һжɲǼɣ˿ֻǰָʹ
ʼգֶɫ糣䣬ûʧܳΪȸʥʥʷĹƾǿ
ںϵԭ֮Ԥϣǿ˲١
Ŀһɨ֮ǰվԱߵϣߣһΪﵽڣʣλǾڡ
ˣҲҪսôͫڳһŰɫĻ棬ϡ


1092 ֵĴ
ڵ໥ۣĿڵϣȻԴհ
֣ɫƽȴǳ𺳣ָɱΣһȫʿ֣ȻֻǿԲ
һòǰ֮ˣҪǡ
䣡ǣܣֻǿȸʥڣгĿȫڼһεѹ֮£߳ĬƬ̣ƽĿڵ
ӭʥʣ
һԱߵϷ׷˿ͬʱȭӭʥʡ
֮ģЩϵˣһɫӭ
ӭʥʣһʱ֮䣬ǿȫˣһͬʱص˵̾ͬǾ춯ص
ɫƽһƬӭ֮£ףЩУȻввϾΪȫȸʥˡЩ飬⣬ֵģȸʥڡ
ʱ˿̣⹧ӭ֮صУֱڶȸʥ˻ʱȴôˣδҲ˸ӡ
һɽɽûȥ֣֮ǰ֮أĬĬգڵǣ֣ȴԼܵңԶǿУߵһӭ
ɫǸӣ֮̾һ˫ۼֻĲȴʼ޷ƽ
֮⣬һͬˣһϵĳǳǽͷҵĵ߰˸ƺץһһڣɫ¶ˡ
ִ˿ߵȣԵüΪɪһж޶ԣĬĬ顣
ɽ볾⣬ȼյڣһļΪӣ˾ڻڣ֮ٴλص·֪ƣһ㡣
ɱǧֻүүųţүүţ
ڽڣʥڳϷ׷٣ֳΪȸʥʣһʱ֮䣬ȸʥڶ֮С䡢׻ʥڵĳϣֺǿʥڱ֮ͬ꣬ʥڵڶ೤֮ǰ֮Ҳʶֵ֮ͨȻǿʿư
˴˿Ľ̸֮ʥڵĳǱ㱻סʥʣڳϺ⡣
ʥϣǶֹмӣǰָ֪ȸʥйʥʵϢ󣬱֪˴£ִһϢΪм
ʥʵǻҪһӴʽʥڵĴͳҲøı䣬ʽڣͶ˵졣
⼸ֱӦΪæµʱϢйȸʥڵһ飬ҪȥϤȸʥڵĳϲȫֻ֣ͬʥʵ£Ĭ˴¡
ȴûôȸʥڣ֮ͬΪʥʣʵʱֻʥʵһס
꣬ʥʵڣǶн׵ĳɷ֣˵ֶҪġ
ֻǣ֪Լ飬޷һط̫ͣãʱ֮ʱڤڤһľ
ָоǽһεҲˣʱţȻ˲ʮΣоԽԽģǴȸ֮ش
֪ԼߣΣҲһЩԤ֪ȻⲻǿΣУɭ
һǧǰ뿪֮ʱɭصϡ
һգһȥ㣬ûͿ˾֮У
ɭǺܿҪˡϥһɽڱԵʯϣ·ĻɽʱŨ̹ȵϢ
ɭͬһͷĵʱ̶пն£һǧУʼ޷ΣűﵽǺ󣬶ɭʵϼ䴫аǹǿҲϸķ
Ľ𺳡
ǿʱѾѰԼָͲȸʥڰݵľסȥ
Ļֻʥڣɭ֮֡
һǧ޵˿̵ҲССᵤʿɭǿҲûκ׼
ɵؿԸ֪ɭȣֻΡĿһһɽ´أȸʥڵǣȫǴȼУһۿȥһƬ
ʥ֮ԾȳʥʱΪܱܿɭ׷ɱӵ˿սʤɭΪʱᱨʥ֮ȸʥƽʢɭ֮¡ֳĬǰأ¶ɬ
ɭҲô׾˽̰֪һǹջˡ¶һ˿
ʱԶһ泤Хٽǰʮʱɢһߣɫƽһۣ˵ʥʴˣʬڣ죬˳ƹʹǰȸȴ֪ǲ
ǰߣǵǰ֮ص֮һֻ֪Ϊ죬ΪﵽڣȸʥУ
⼸ڣ˷治ʹǰأЩˣһŲȸʥڳȥӴ
ʬڣ״ˣֳƬ̣֮ǰжԸɭļƻЩʹߵ˼˱仯
վӣƽ˵
߿һۣƽ˵ĳһʥʴˣ֮󣬲֪кδ㡣²ĳһʣڶ೤еʣʥʴֱԽ󡣡
ʥʣִ˻˵꣬㲻ȥߣһһֱǰ
ճһ͵תʧ֮ɫȻ仯
ʥʣûκ׷ʵ˼ĸ֣׵𺳡
йʥʵ飬ʥʥ⣬˲֪˿е𺳣νκһ㡣
еһΣ֣һָĪĸо
ȸͨɳɫʯ죬ԶԶȥΪۣܣڶĳ֮ľ鲼ϵС·ҲǳһƬ
ȵϢڴܡ
˿̣ڣһŮˡ
Ůޣһɴȹ¶ؿһĨڶ˷ˣĿμ䣬һɷ鰵ӿһֱעⲻԶĶˣһǲɣߣһǹͷӡ
ۣŭʼձĿܵգȴŤ˵ظ룬¶侪˵Ϊ
ǹͷӣΪѰһ಼£ɫƽֻʱã֮ɫһƬ̾ͻָ
Ůȴһ۾Ϳÿͷ˫Ŀã֮ʱڴڵԪΪ֮һ͡
ڴˣһϳǹͷӣϤ֮ˡ
˿̣߽һȸʥڵСŲ֮ߣ˳
ŮӶ豭ߴһ£̧ͷߣЦλؾǰɣСŮʬӨ֥ǰ


1093 Ҫ֣
Ǻߣս棬ӣ
˫ĿоһɨŮһۣƽ˵Ϸӡ
Ů¶΢Цһڲ豭֮ˮºЦǰպգ˷Ϊȸʥʣȸʥڣн֮⡣
ΪʬںĵӣССͱ˾ΪӵľʬӵвͨʬǰҲԿȸʥڵӡƽ仰ŮӶУȴŮ˫Ŀ΢ɲһ
λˣǲ֪γƺŮӻһתͷӡ
ͷƽĿڵƹīǣ
īǣŮüͷȻ֮ǰδ֡
ȴ˫Ŀ͵һתͷӣϸϸĿ˼ۺ󣬻˵ԭīǣ
ǹͷ΢΢һЦһȭ˵īǼǰ
īѣǰ˷ȸʥʣ֪ʥŮһѯʵ
Ϸֻ֪˺ư֮ǰйһδݣʥڶڴҲڲᣬǺصӡ豭һۺַ
˷ɵ֮ȸʥڣ˹⣬һĿģҪֱʥϵ
¸ϵش󣬷ĻҲǰ
СŮӵЩϢǰɵضǳս˵ȸʥڴһˡŮ
һȻ֪Ҳ֪Է˵˭췽Ҳʹо˵Ϊ¿Ժܴ󣬵ȴûһͬų˴˾ʥʵĿܣϾ̫˼
ûʸΪʥʣһ˿мĢ́ˮͱԼ£ɿܰԼƿսİء
˵ʥʣһţţ
ˮ泩ˮʧ٣֮ڣ֪ܲľ䣬ˮֱӵĹ
˷ǰȸʥڣ콻⣬һ˽ΪɣȸʥڣҪߡ
ȸڴ֣ȻԵɣʱ䣬㹻ȸʥڴϻ㹻ļֵ֣Ƕȸʥ˵ֵһҪߴˣӦòѡ
ŶŴһʽͨɱӣʹһˣΪǰһΪûʸ񣿵ȸʥڣǳ˼ȸ·Ůӣʵ
ȥضǰϷֿΪϷһƽ˵ţֻ˴ı仯ҥѡ
Ůüͷһ壬ʬۺΪɵض֣µȸʥʣӵĻȴʡ
Ʒɣ췽涼ΪʥʡŮӳĬ˵
˵ģ֣īͻȻڡ
ʱͻȻ͵̧ͷ⣬ɫ͸һ˿Ź֣֮īҲ̧ͷ⡣
ŮӣĿȫ۴ɲǣһȵϢȻӿʱͰѴڵػԪǣγһεкɨ
һ̣ڵĻԪ·ӵԣͬһԾתɢǳ·
˵ĿУڻ߽һˣһҲȫڸǣֻһͷ׷⣬󣬸һɫ磬ϵİɫȸͼģľѹ
֮У֮˽ڣһֱۣǰȥŰ׷Ʈ裬޷ˣɲǼ
ػԪǷ֮ܣγһɻУһ˲䣬ȻŨŨѹ
ֻĻԪ˱仯ؼ䣬УһлԪԴΪģ⡣
һԪȻ仯һ֮ʱ
֮½ʿ߽ˣȫߣΪһۣȴҿӵɫ֮
߽֮վԱߣƽˡ
֮ߵǰһ˫ͬĿ͸ϡ
һ̣ȫϣڻԪֹһʶ̽飬Ҽʶ͸˻ԪȸʥڣҲ˿Կֵò
һƬ֮˳ֵһĻ̫ˣȻػԪ˿޵ŮӶͷڳˮͬغ¯֮ǰΪȫԲ˼һ㣬˿̣֮˵ĳ֣ȻΪػԪģΪҲЩܲס
ʬӨ֥μȸʥʡŮһӣѹվӣɫͬɳһ㡣
ȸʥʵʲôΪȻԲѹŮ𾪡
ī֮ˣ¶֮âȴЩȷ˿ͬѹվӣıȭƹīǣμȸʥʡ
֮Ŀһɨīһ٣ͣƬ̣ϡ
վӣƽıȭϷսӣɵظ³Ϊȸʥʣ
֮Ŀͣ࣬Լɼ沿ǣЦݳֻ֣ǲ֪Ц⣬⡭
һʥʵĿ£֪ΪΣһ˿ʥߵĸߣͬ
ӡ֮˻˵͸иı䣬ڴ͸ĻԪʱƮޡ
вŨʥʣ˺һʥĪʶ£
֮Ƭ̣ջĿ⣬īǡ
īѹеĻɣȭʥʣ´ƹȸʥ»ʵʦͳ񣡡˵ţһץǰ޾һѷֻ֣ѷ첢ȶȻܵԪĸš
ۿѷһ־Ҫ̧֮һָʱѷػԪȻɢѷ̾ȶ
һĻ̾ʹŮͫһӣҲ˫Ŀһ
īǲɫѷó׼ĺ񣬵ҩɱһһǰȸʥ˴Ӵ߽վԱߡ
īóģһС죬һ̾һ֮˲ϢܣȻʹػԪΪ֮һ١
֮˸˫ĿһС죬¶֮â
ʦ⽻͸ʥ֮ʦǰӡһͷ꣡
һץСУϸĿһۺīǣл
īл֣¶⣬ؿһۣû˵
ӴɵҲͬ˺˵ֵȴûĶ֮ͳĿһʥʸ£Ϸɵǰ֮⣬һ˽¡
ʥʵĿԼӳڵǰȸʥڴɸһˣΪ֣ˣȸʥôɷϷߣ
һ֮ߵĸߣһ㶣뿴ҿӡ
Ҫ֣֮ӣ˵


1094 ϴ
в֮˲ϢŨʥʵԼЩơʥߵĸߣԼ񣬸ɫ˱仯
֮ӣЦЦԽԽ󣬸ЦдڵػԪȻٵĻơ
ǣԪڸһ˿˿εߣ֮
𶯣վ˺󼸲֮ˣʥʴ˻⣬֡
û˵̱꣬ϡ
֣˵ƷɣҪˣɵҪˣ֮˻˵
üͷ˵Ʒɣѱʸ񣬴˷ӿ֮һֵۣ˷˵ϷҪˣͬҲɵ˼
֮ӣЦǣףŶ֪֣㣬죬кιڣ
вĬƬ̺˵ɵǣڶ࣬һһ˵֮䣬սرϷȻҪ׷ء
ԭˣŻҪ֣Ҳ⡣֮˵˵ͷߵĸߣȴɫΪŹ֣ȴû˵
ʥʳȫϾʥڣйͬĵˣˣ˿ȭΪ˵裬ʥڣȴҲҵϾʥ˵û䣬֮죬ҲҪɵ
ֻǣ˵սر£ô֪֮ͻĻ̾һ
û׵ķӦ֮Ȼվӣ̧沿һɨȻ䴫
Ҫ֡ӣ㿴˭˲ϢڸǴ沿׶ʱɢһƬڣȻ֣
㣡֣ӵĶ˿Ҳɵõ¶𺳵˼޵Ŀ⣬޷֮ʶĵŵŵ˺
ܣôȸʥʣܣӺ٣˫ͫ޷ʵУ־һϣ档
ǿҵķӵĶ֣޷֮ɫΪŨģȴǺȻ𾪡
󵨣ɵҲûʸȸʥʥʣ֮һǰһ
һ̾һϢȻһεĳǰӿȥֱӣ
ӱʹ֮У˿̱ϢٽʱһѪٴ˺ɫ԰֮£ȴǲòǰҲ޷ŵʵ
㡭
ӣ㵽Ǵ칧ĳΪʥʶר˾ΪĳȻȸʥڣҪʥʣ£δҲ̫ƣɫĺһ㴫
²ĳȥ죬ҪɵӣӣһĽͣգ߲ȸʥڣգҲҪΪ˸ۣ
²ǱߣƹīǵѿԼָ֤ͲӰᣬھһ
֮У˿ԣһѪѪɫҪ˵֮ʱīȴǳڡ
īĳ֤ȣȸʥڣҪʥʣīĳĻԴƹ
ʬڵŮĿһЦСŮӼȻҲ˽֤ͬλǰʵڻ
һûлתīʬŮӵĻٴѪ͵̧ͷ֡
¶Цֿ̧ȥڹ۲Լָϸ΢֮˿ȥӣ˵ȸʥڣӲġ
ԭǴ˲ǻƵҪҲ˽ѵ£ȴǲͬߵĸߣҲĿ͸⣬ӡ
һƬīʱĿ⿴֣¶пû뵽ԭԼʦ˵ԼĹʽȻ֡
뵱ȸǣԼ˵һҹ֮ڣʱĴˣǸոջ⾳ڻ֮Уǳʶҹ۵ȴīǼס֡
ԱʬڵŮӣͬû˵ЦЦӣһֵӡ
УӶͷڳˮԼΪ޷ӳʥڣ̫񶾣Ȼ̧ɵһȻ˵飬ɵȸʥʥʣ
飬ĳԯޡ
Ϸ³çΪ˽£޹أ֮һɬļΪʣǲòֱȭ˵
֮ŭȼأĸоǲϵң뵱꣬ǰֶԼҪҪ鿴ԼɫĻԼʱԳ˴ˡ
һμ棬ҲҪСԼһٻ֮£̾ҪǰΪ鿴սͼ
֣ǲҲһ㣬ĺܣУˣעҪԼѹƵҪΪԼϵز鿴սͼ
ˮֶȻͳΪԼĿܡ£ȴĵͷȭĽ֮ǰĻܳܣ
ܣȸʥڣɣ
ʥʡĸ֣벻ʥڡ
ӵĻָͷûڹ۲Լ֡
ǿѹͷŭĸߵĴڣĬƬ̺ӲǼһ˿ȭʥʲϷ֪֮µȷϷ³çˣ֮⡭
³çĳ֮ǰѯʹ㣬£֮⣬֮⣡Ļشڻţ֪ɵУĳǣЩ飿ֿ֣˵
㣡̧ͷٴѹ½Ҫŭ𣬴˿̵ҷŭûʬŮīڳȫƴһս˵ɣΪսԻΪ临
£Էץס˸ղ֮²ţ֤ڳһ죬ҲԸԼ֮£ʥˣͬʱս
Ǵ˿̣ʱԼĿ⼫ΪţԼѹסŭô̾ͻᱻնɱڴˡ
ʥʴˣ¡սĳˣסȭͷӲһ޵δһĻ
Ҫսȫսң°ݣҸʱ俼ǡַ֣ӣһһֵ˵
˵ǰһӣǰԪȻһЩһ𣬻һ֧ʵʵȼƮڰա
ȼĽȼգʱ仺عȥ
ۿȼͿҪʱҪȥεѹȫϿɬŨ˵ͷ
һץǰһѷ֣ڷɳᣬһŨŨսȻʹͼڴܡ


1095 ֪ʬŵڼ
ս
˫ĿһһץѸٷ֣ʶһɨսϤ̷ֱ١
սѾߣϷǷ뿪֣ͳս˵޷֮£ǲȻҲᱻֵõûѡ
ǻ˱ʥʣӼˣҲаնԷɱԼˣϾ죡ڣأ֮ҲһЩ롣
Ͼ˽ˣʵ̫٣ͬ첻˽һ
ִˣ̫ϤˣΪƷɣУصĳ̶ȣΪ١
⻹ΣҪӶֵ˽⣬ĺǵΪ¹ϣˮˣɱѡԼĻᣬǻѡϳ֣Լ˷޷
һòѡڵѪҪս
սĿһ˵ʥ֮£Ծʹ˰ݣ£ĳһ˽Ҫһǰ
һ£֣ҧѾսϷҲ֮ǰ鸶˴ۣ㣬ҪΣ
ɫ糣ƽĿڵ֮ǰ˵սرĪǿδ֪£ҲҪһֶӣɱ֮ʹʥ콻
һжԸɭļƻҪǣʥ콻ôģʬˡ
ˮܾܿˣʥ֮ȵһ飬ʹʱɱӡ
㻹Ҫʲôٴסŭ𣬳
ʮ޸Ѫ򣡡ֻڡ
㣡֮̾ȻǷŭ˼㣬ӲѹΣѹ£ƽغһ
ϴθ֮޸Ѫֻٶ࣬ϷûˣϷԳܵļޣҧгݡ
΢΢һЦͷԣвٿصҲҪҡ
ӱ˫ۣһץѷƮɢŨŨѪ޸Ѫ򣬸һöɳ
ִһ˦޸Ѫȫ봢һס򣬿һۺͬպá
ϷǣתҪȥȸʥڣҲȥ
ߣĳһͣ͵ݸǰһӣ̱һöɳС
üͷһ壬ʶһɨ˲Ϣɫ̴䣬͵̧ͷ˫Ŀ¶⡣
¡
ǰ⣬ȸʥѰң΢΢һЦ
ӺصİպãһۣǰˣԽԽ͸İ̾תѸȥ
սС֣һ죬Ϸȡأʱɱ㣬ϷͲӣӳǣһڼ۶ߡ
ֵ򣬵Ǿ֮£辡棬̫ţӴ⣬ٶȸ죬ʥڷΧÿһϢоΪ衣
һץǰֵѷץһһɫʯͷһ꣬ʱһƬĩĩûɢѸһ𣬷һ߻ȫ
˲Ϣ䣬ӵٶȻһ֮¾ʧӰ
պ伫ٶȣ߳򶫲ʥڷΧֱյ˱ȥ
̤˱ĵڶ죬ǰʱͻȻԶһ˸֮죬춯һ㣬ӺȻ
ɫ䣬Ҫ㣬Ϊȴ⺮¸޷ѣɲǣ˹ٽֱӴؿںһ͸
ʩչͨ뷨ʱ䶼ûУ
Ѫ̱Ԫһ뺧Ȼ۶ӣۿǺٴ٣ƺһ㣬Ӿ֮һץǰ˲ϢͳһʮɴСѪ
޸Ѫ
һ̴֣𣺡
Ȼ䱬һɳٵĺĶԿᣬӲϧķԪ֮ǰӶݶߡ
Ԫڣ˿ȴһɫϸؿΪģѸӣӵϣ֪¶ЦЦ֮ɫУȴп־֮¶
ʬڵ֮ǿڶ鱨ʬڵĹֶζȻ˺ܶ࣬ΪͨʿȻ˲ϢϳԼʬ֮
ɢ֮£Ӷݡ
һֱԶԶȥ֮ǿгһӵӰһ£òӢһӶݵķҡҡͷתȥ
˾ͽڳĶ͵ϮС֮ˣ¡ˣϾٳǷ̫顭Ӱ̾Ӱʧǿա
һ䣬˵ȥ֮ȸʥǺڣʬڵŮͳ񣬱Ҫʥڽ˵Ը󣬱Ҫȥ
ȴպĵǻʽ
ѣʬһʬΪ飬ʬȻУ֪¼䣬õʲôʬŮʱֺȻʵ
ŮĿΣʥʺȤǸղŵһĻӵһĻֵĿ⣬˺ܴĲͬ
ջһ㣬Ů촽ЦʥʣСŮӶȻҪشϸһЩҪ˵ʬеһģȻʬˡ˵ϴһ˿ģ
ʬʬ壬Ļ´֮䵮ԳУҲб仯ӶһĹı䡣
Ե˵ͷ
ԭĳΪջõһйʬϢ֮ʬһѴΪһ£˵վǡ
ŮĿһЦŶ֪ʲôʬʥġ
ҲϻֱӴһ˦׳һöֱŮӶȥŮӽӹɫЦҲû̫⡣
ֵܷʬ壬ϡ٣ʬҲȻڣǺʬʬڣͬҲһЩ
ο˵ʬеһҲֻǶ˵ѣĲ˵ʬڵĴУеľ߸
ʶһɨɲǼ䣬Ů־һɫ˲Ϣ
̣ؾͶʱ뺧ȻȡЩȣץɫǳһĳ죬˲伱˺ûлָ
֮ٶĶҲȻ˵κһʬ֮ˣʬڵǼҲΪ֮
⡭⡭͵̧ͷ֣ԶЩᣬеļ𺳣Ȼ޷Դһ̣Ȼըһ㡣
ֲɫӹĲˮǰһڣ޵Ůӡ
֪ʬŵڼ


1096 
ʬʬֻʥʶӡСŮûпʬöᡭŮð죬ǿѹ𺳣˵
ֻУȴǲϵظ֮ʬȻĶ
ŶɨŮһۣȥˮƽĿڵ˵վǣʬĳû̫ϣ֪벻֪޹شš
Ůɫ仯˵֪ʥ·ŸӵǷҲǴ
ûֺһڲˮ⡣
Ůӳã̧ͷ֣ɫ͸һ˿˵޷ᣬʥʸʱ䣬֮ڣһʥʴ𸴣
΢΢һЦ²豭ЦѲżʬҲĳзֻ֣޷ȡأѴΪϡ
ŮĻˣ˿ƽȻͳ򣬾Ǽ򵥣⡣
ҴȻ֮ǰѾ׼ãӣ͸Լ
һ˵޷ϯʥµǻˣСŮиǡ
ҲӨ֥˳һ缲۶ȥ
ĿӴŮʧ֮ջأɫƽѾųͿʬڣǷᶯˡ
ǣһᶯģתͷīǣϽ¶΢Цվӣȫͬʧ˿̵֣һ£īһȭЦī֣δɣ
īȭɫ͸пЦпǧûˡ
ͬ׷֮ɫ̾һ˵ī֣طҲԵҶҪٴ۵һҹʱȻġ
īǺЦͷһǰһ̤˴
ȸʥǣ֮ǰյĻɽԣ˿һŤһ̤ī
Żɽڲðḷ́һԣڴһģ̳ƿӸīһžƿһڣ죬ڵأмʵḶ́仰ĳ¡
īǽӹƿһԣɫҲ׷䣬ЦΪһԱʦҪ£ָұȥȸפҹиߣȴû֡
⾳ûīĳ㻯պҲ򡣡
ҡͷʱ򣬶Ƕˣƾȥĥȴôһ㴰ֽҲ
ڶȸĹұΪȸ֮ȴСֵ־īɫϣƺһڡ
û뵽μ棬־ΪȸʥʥʣԸˡ
˰ѾɣǼеǧ̸Ц׷зɿţطص˵ҹ
⾳ȻԲµ⾳仯ȴīĳԿ͸īĳ֮ʦ˵¼һ⾳ľйأ֮֮仯
仰ֻ
Ŷ˵۵ʱ佥ţ峿֮ʱīǸȥûϯֵĵǻʽǴͳöԼ֮£ԶԶȥˡ
ö¼֮£īҪ콻ʦ𣬲͸
ǳƹֵްʾ£īҲ²⣬Ȼʦ
īǣ֮ļ죬½ǰأȴûԽӼʱһΣǻ֮١
һգȸʥ֮Уʥڳǰ֤ʥʵĵǻʽ
ʽ˵ȴǴͳһʱȥ󣬲ɡ֮˽ȥȸʥڣĻָյƽ
ڶǱЩϣǷ׷֪йؾʥʵ飬˴˷׷ѡչɣΪ۷塣
Ͼʥ֮£ΪҪ
˿ֵ̣ӰȴǳȸʥһƬȼյԵǰƯһԪ
Ԫһӣ֣ɫ˴⡣
ܲϷдЩҼߵˣȴģȸʥڽ㣬Һܷġ
ֳĬû˵
ϧҵʱѾ࣬ٸӣȫУϧҡͷ֣̾Ҵ˷ȥܲҲ޷ɾ¸һдۣҲõ
ҾųԪֳȥһһյɢķ֮һԪڣȡɾ󣬻Ԫطɾ֮
ɾʥʣܾȣǿҪΪءӷ£˵
ǰ׻ʯڣǧڲḯãڴϷһ޻Ԫÿһ꣬ҪϷ֮ԪΪܴммǣ
ΣҲҪϷ꣬ԾϷȸʥڶȹһΣ
Ŀһȼյ򣬿һԶһϵȸʥڣɫ꣬вᡣ
֣ϷˡʦˮϢϷ˷ҲΪ̽ӿֵĿ⣬Ϊ飬̧֣֮ϣôһоַϣ㣬ҪԹҡ
ؿһۣתԶȥӰƮݣѹͷŵѣǰ
Ϸ³ƣϹʱڵĴʥΪҩͯĴʥʲ֮һǧʮʱСгɾͣʥң֤ȸʥڻԻһ̡
ǧŰʮ꣬ϷΪȸʥڳϡ
ǧ߰ʮ꣬ϷΪȸʥڴ֮һȹ˵һ˥
ǧһʮ꣬ϷȸӡǣһӡǾѣսߣΪһˣ
ǧŰһʮ꣬ϷĴʥʰ£ȸξѣԴˣΪʥյ㣬ȸ
һһǧİʮ꣬ӽأȸʥɽ磬սģս֮ĴʥͬʥԶȥ⣬Ӵ伣ǰָΪʥʣ˿̣Ҹոʥʵİ£ȹ˵ڶ˥
Ҳڴʱ֪һйʥڵľ֮أ
ʥڣ֮ˣƾõ֮ǰ˽⡭
ͬʱһ֪ˣȸʥڵʥڵһʥˣ磬ǳԶд棬Ĵɽδ֮ʱһССڡ
ǿǣ׼ȷ˵ȸʥԼڵĸԴҲͨĵ·
ǣʼȸʥУڣԴҲûвͬϾ֪ߣࡣ
Ϊ˷ֹδᷢһ飬ڵһʥ֮ʱ¾Ѿʥ֮£ɵأҲ֪㡣
Ĵʥʸռʱٳڶ֮ǣ֮£˿ϳһǿԭʼ֮ǡ֮⣬ǵһĴʥʳ֣չֶΣƾֶΣɱòȫ֡
˺ǧ꣬ɽ֮࣬һɲǣأ飬ȫɲǼãһиӦڻ֮С


1097 ɭ֮
ңҲͬ޷£ãƬ̡ұΪֻƬ̣ʵϣȴ£
ºѣɽȻڱ
εʥʣȰ裬һȥɽ̽˺Ҳûл
ֹ꣬ɽı֮ڳ˻ңһΪ˵֣֯䱳֮Ӱ
ˣ֪ԺַȻ󲿷ֵĴУұȥ׷ʥʵ䣬˿˵˥ǰ˺ܶ굽ѡչ֮ʱ˷˶ʥڵĹ
ʥʱѣ˵ҽˣڵ˥еңȴ޷ɱ
׻ʥսʬ壬Ҳߡ
Цʧ˼ȴ˿֪ⳡսĸԴڣһֱΪΪİλ
ǲ֪֮ⳡΪʲô֪֮Ժַʽʹʥʱѣ֪ʥڵܣ
֮Ҳ֪ܣǵλãȴ޷֪֮ããǺѰһǣѶ̫ڵһĴʥʵĸ£޷κζߡ
յһĴʥʵЭ飬Ψȸʥߣʸ֪λã
ǣʥڵս
Σ֮ʱҲϧۣ̫ʥҪЮһ֮ȴȻ޷ܣҹϵʥ˵
գй֮һ˵˳֮Ҳͬʥ˵֮ǣ̫࣬޷ֱαⳡսŻؽңʥֻ̫أȴֲȥϾһʥ̾ͻķѡܣһûҵߡ
֮ͨл޷ȹĵ˥ʹ࣬ꡭһֱڡ£ҾҪˡ
ӵӰԶȥȴǻصֵ񣬾þòɢ
֣סҽҪ˵ĻʥܣҲ֪һʥΪӣһҪ֮ȥ
ʥھԭʼ԰һšţ걻һʥʷֳķݣֱĸڡɢڲͬλãԶʧĴɽָɽ磬ĸͬλã㴦ڲͬɽС
Ҹ֮ģֻ֮һҲȸǡλãҲ֪ûиı䣬֪½ʲô֣סͼ
ڵĴֵУ̾ͳϵͼ
˿мΪ𺳣ôҲû뵽ʥھȻأû뵽ԼڵȸǣȻǵ飬ʥڴսĹؼ
ѹʥʷ֮һĴȸǡѹīʦҲҪīȥȸǣʦǵ֮ˣ֪Ӻδһ˿ߡ
ѹüҲȸǡǷ壬Ҳȸǣйػʥʷ֮£֮ǰ꣬Ҳ֪
ӽһ飬ӰԶȥʱͻȻһ£ͷһԶ֣¶΢Цѹ̫ʥ޻Ի͵ĿܣҪʥڡôͲҪǿˡ
˵һ䣬һ֮£Ӱʧ
ֻǿУһ˵Ӱվķո飬ʧȥ˼𺳣òŻָ
ʱ˿̣ռݵɵƯǿգΪӴĹ⣬˿ԶһХ
ⳤһӰһԪ񣬴Ԫ񼸺͸ڶĺɫϸΪˡ
Ԫ沿ǴŹ΢Цζһ㣬ֻ˫ۣȴ͸ΪŨĿ־ҡ
ӾңһٽɴԪ̴һХȻͻһƬƬǿڻص
˲Ϣ䣬̱һӰ˸ǰһƬ̤һˣ˰׷Բԣɵӣ
һɲǾԪԱߣ¶Ϊ֮ɫǰһץ̾ͰԪץС
ָǷɿԪ£ÿһε£ŨŨԪ˳гԪڡ
ǺɫϸߣҲ֮һȴôҲûдڱƳ
Ԫһ壬ҲһЩٵ˵֮ʱʬ֮͵Ϯû˵꣬ںԪıѹʱʹӻһ£ЦЦ֮ɫ֣˫Ŀã
˵û˵꣬ȴĴɴֵһ߶УЩɫʱͱļΪ
ʬڣ
üͷüĺݺһ㣬Ԫһٴλظǡ
ӣѻ˵ʬΪҪ͵Ϯ㣡ӵͺȵ
ȸʥʣ֣ҽһöһ·ϣ̱͵Ϯ֮Ӵ˿̶˴ңΪ˵ڵ˾ͽϣȴûеûϣҲȲ˾ͽϵľ֮ţ뷽ѹƶء
Ե֮£ʹڶؼΪ͡
˵䣬ǰһץǰͳһѷ죬ڷɳһö
ЩҲܲסĶоһԪ֮׵ĻԹȥ
һѾץסȥһ֮£ӵĶҲɵɫ˲䣬˫Ŀð쾫⣡
⡭Ϣ
类׵У˵ʶٴʶɨȥֿһȷ˿ߵڶߣ׷Ŀ⿴
һ˦̴ԱһУɫأʶɨȥͬɫ䣡
ʱ˵ڶ߼ȫ꣬ÿһ˿ȫɫ˾ҵı仯
²֪١һߣĬƬ̺󻺻˵
Ʊƽ֮У±ҵûʶΪ棬ôڣ콫ʧȥȫռݵǿգ̾Ҫ˻죬һҪܵķ˽졭˵һ¶ֲɫ
¶٣䣬ڣ뻭棬ҵʿһָˣʵǻҲвͬһߵ
λɻǵޡӺȻ˵
߷׷һ˼
Ҳ̫⣬Ͼӻ˵ͻȻһ٣ɫ̱ļΪĳһ㡣
ľٶûʹ߲죬һҲ֮
Ƭ̺ɫٴ˱仯ȭ˵תĿ¶أɨһˣֹͣһս£ټпʿҴʥڻϷ
ͬһĻʬڣҲݣֻ죬Ө֥ȴʹʬڣΪ֮˼ޣ


1098 Ͻ
ʬڵϲλãһƬľ֮Ө֥ϥأ˫ַǰĤݣǰƯһɢɫâ
ֻһöѰ򣬼Ϊͨĳ֣ʹһƽ֮УΪ֮ǡʬڣ
Ө֥ϸİѽʥںһǰȫ˵һ飬󽻳ֵɲǣ̾һ֮ȻصǿܣֱľȺмȥ
һƬľȺڣмһ߹ľϣ˲䣬̾һֻɿݵֱȻһѾץ
ֱ֮кں֮ɫǺɫģǺɫģֱϵ⣬Уһɲɣ֮ɢֱۣϹţ̺µζ
ֱ۳ֵ˲䣬ǿںȻƣһ籩˲ϢܺɨӨ֥Ҳ޷ܣˣϣȴ¶˵Ĺ
ֱץסһΪӴʶȻǹľɢ֮ϣʶ֮ǿһ־ʹӨ֥ɫ԰ףûκѪɫԪ񶼲
ʶһɷıŰҪǹľ˺ǿգɱ¾飬ʶڣŨŨѪ
ʵϱûѪζʶΧڣĸоȴȻȻʹ˻ŵѪȵĸо
㡭ʲô֡ʶдɨ֮£Ө֥ͷŭеһҶۣɼ
Ө֥μŮڴ˹ڵϣ˫¶־֮ɫû뵽öȻѵѣ
뵽йصһЩ˵Ө֥ǽԭ˵Ϊ𺳣Ҳǿ԰ѵѣϾӡʬ壬ԼЩ²⡣
˿̣ɱ¾ʶ˲䣬Ө֥֪Լǵ͹ڵʬ塣
˿ϲϵʬڵӣȫ˲Ϣܵʶ֣׷׷һ飬Ĥݡ
ܰأ׹ȥʬڣѡһʬ֮ȨصӨ֥Уʹ˼Ĳ뵽ʬڵһЩ˵еʬӨ֥ĺˡ
л
֪ʬΪ촫
Ө֥꣬ԥ˵Ӽʶ࣬²⣬ʬӦ̫ʱڵĹ񡭡
һЦȻص˿ƺΪЦʶҲ˲
ȷڹѰҲͰˣʬ壬Ȼ񣡣ǹ񡭡͸̰Ծ춯أԪ仯
񡭡Ө֥һȴûѯʡ
ټʬеӣѪ죬عʬӣ򿪵ھŲȡǰ˾һΣʬˣ
ʬڳϣȫټһΣʬڱҪõ
Ȼ䴫ϲʹʬ֮ȫĸܣһ̧ͷǣ
һϲһ
ӲȷΪ桭Ө֥𺳣֮ǰѾԤϵݿʹʬ𾪣ȴû뵽Ȼ𾪿ݣʬ֮
һɵ˾ţĵҲˣȷһΪ٣ô޷ĺϾء
޷ȸʥʼȻأݣ߳Ϊ棬·ͬСɣʥڵ״ϢͬʱϷŪʬڣ
ʥڣҪȥһˣ
öֻͬεĴ֣ǣ֮ģһƺҲ֣֮һ춯֮£
ͬīǻص˳ƹöѸٴ͵ǿͬʱսµֹͣʿ뿪ս
ʬ֮Ҳʬ壬Ѹһһȥֹı仯ʹʿΪӡ
һзӿĴߣ֣˿ȴƽľסȸʥڣϥǻɽԵĴ
Աߣſһֻ˶ޣ׹˸ܲߣ֮ڴ˵صĸ£ƺҲѾԳܡ
սڼԼʱȻ࣬Ҫͨߣ˲ſڽĴսУ㹻Ŀռ䡣
ͬʱڵȣʬ֮˵ٴ٣ģԼͳöͬ򣬽ʹӵ
ǹˣȴüıǲ룬֮ǰ״̬һмıҲֻıƶѣͬʥںõģı
װ׵ĸйعϢͬԷҲףֶȻͼıһ㣬Щǻ֮˶Կһ
ϢûгΪȸʥʱų𲻵˿ã̾ͻΪԼɱ֮컹ʬڣһѡ񣬾ǽñʡ
ڣʬڻ죬ѡ񣬱Ͼ⣬һˮݵˣʥڵ뵱ĵ̣ʹȴһս̫ߣ
⣬ָҰϢɢԭ
ͬģ֪ԼǹݣĴͨʿУȻʲôܣϾ֮صһУִʣλԶ֮ͨ֡
˵û˵Ļ²⣬־Ȼš
ҲΪʹӦȸʥȸʥڵҪԭ֮һûȸʥڣֵʱƣڣ粽Уձ׷ɱһ죬ᱻס
ΪˣɢɭϢԸΪӣɲñ˲ţҴ¸ûҪ˵ѣȸǹ֮أһ֪٣
졢ʬڡˡȥ֮أ֪ܷԸɭֳĿһȥ⡣
ʵȥȸǣֻƻеĵһڴ˺һмƣ
ϥ̧ͷһߵܣܷ˯һ㣬ȴһ˿˿Ԫ
ޣڵȸʥںųܴʥڶҵ֡
ҲӦõ˲ǣΪλûѰҡʥڵĳҲԣ֮ǰɳ˵ٶȱȲЩϣЩʱգҲˡüͷһ壬һѹͷɻ
ˣƤ˼ա˫£ɫĺ󽥽֣ɫ͸һ˿ʹࡣ
ֶڻԪĲٿأǲ̫ܵܵľȣ̸ϱ±Ƴˮ˿̣Ķͷϣȴжĺ齥֡
ãһؿںɲǼ˸ϣȴһѶϽĴؿһ


1099 
Ͻͨ죬һֱһɱ¾Ȼɱ¾̫֮Ũ˲ϢǣֱӳǿգȼյĻ棬Ҳɱ¾֮Ϊ֮һ٣ɢ
Ͻǻһɱ¾֮Դ֮һսڣڣϵ£Ҳ˽ǵɢԪĲ֣ȻֻʣڵϽڡ
УҲʣɱ¾ɾһʧְɱ¾֮ԱΣա
ɱ¾֮ʼ޷ǣϾɱ¾ɾ˶꣬Ǵﵽ˴ɣҲʱڹ޵ĸ򾳽֪ɱ¾ɾΣ
Ǽȥһɱ¾֮Ϊ֮
ղòѡһֱϧ˿̣ϧȴɢƮǰĳɫϽĿһʱһƬǰƾճ֣ƶϽ֮ϣȼա
ûͣ٣üһ㣬̫Ԫü͸ǱΧĶϽһԪ֮
̫Ԫڣ־ڶԪ͵˫ĿͬһԪ֮
һ׻𽻴Ԫ֮ͬʱӿһǰΧ˶ϽĻ棬ڵһ´Χȼ˹һ㡣
к¡¡صϣأǳɫϽԵλȻڻļ󣬵Ǹһڻ̾ɱ¾֮ǶϽðԿ
һֲİÿμϽ˱仯գȴûʱĥȥҪһٰϽȫγԼɱ¾֮ӶԼɱ¾ɾһؼ汸ǿͨ
Ǿɹ֮ǰȫճɹ£ȴ߳ɰգ
ĿȼռĶϽջأ˫֮ĿŨһ㣬̧һָڵڶԪͬĶһ˲䣬һ޷ĻԪȻǵڶԪб˳ֻһƬֱʶȥ
ͳ⻰ڵһɲǣʱڵȫĻԪȻֱ۶
ˣȼյǿգҲͬˣŰĻԪϵ룬ַ£һָǶϽȻ䣬۶ĻԪֱϽȥ˲Ϣ䣬Ͻڻͱ
ͬģڶϽɢɱ¾֮Ҳ֮ӣϵԿ
ֶǶϽ˰죬Ŀҵ˸£̫ԪڵĵڶԪȻһ͸̫Ԫ˳ĿһâֱϽȥ
һɲǣֺԥ˫ſһȴʮ˵ӡ
ɱӣӣֻ֣ڣǰһӣ̱һƬ⻷Ʒӡܣ˲Ϣ䣬Щ໥ۣȴǻӰ֮꣡
ںһӣ
֮һֱ֣̾ϽȥֵڶԪܣϽͬʱ̧Իɽһʱɽк֮Ȼ䴫ӿĺ̸ŨƬ̼һ˴ӻɽںȻ
Уһƪɫҽȴһ£ЩҽͬˮڶϽܣһԼʮɴСľ޴֮ʹ¶ȸߡ
һΣֿνǲϧۣҪӵɱ¾֮ڶԪӣӷԼػԪҽΪǣֵһܷʹڼٶȸ졣
ʮɾ֮£˫ֲϵĵػԪһһ֮ڣʱ仺ţתۼʮʱ
ּǿģʱ䳤ˣҲ޷ܣĵĲԪʮԪ
ʮʱһ˫ĿȻ⣬ͺһ˫һ˦һǰǾ޴ȻȼյƬɢǶϽɲǣ޷ֿŰĻ֮ȫڻֵڶԪһɣѸٻصڡ
֮꣬Ҳص˷ӡС
ֱĿƬ̣ڶԪ⣬۳һѳ֮ɱ¾֮ƣֻһɱ¾֮Ϳɳ
ϧ˽ɱ¾̫࣬ɱ¾֮򡭡Ҽϵӡ˫ۣغһһĴ̾һڹɳǰһɢɣ֮ꪡ
ֶꪣʱȻɫһ̧ͷǿգ̣˫Ŀ֮ɫ
£վҪȥһְ̾ꪣһΣʧԭ
ǲԶһȸʥڵǣҲǣϣɽڶ࣬һƬ׳ۡ
˿̣ߵһɽϣһŮӣŮӺɫȴ࣬һ
ǰһɫʯʯ̣֡ʯ֮һɽ֮ڣһƬڡ
ʯԱߣϥһ꣬ɫĿԶŮһֻۣƽĴɡ
㣬ҽȥŮ̺ỨǺӡ
У˫ۣ䵭Ŀڡ
ŮӲҪ˵ʱͻȻһ̾ϢմֻɽϿղƻصһ
ָһ֣Ǻɫ¶ȣʱʮʦ𡣡
Ůӿֺɫ࣬ȴû˵
ȥүүʮһͷŮ˵
үү첻ˡ˫ˮ¡
֮ɫŨһ˦ʧ˴˵ء뿪֮ɽ嶥˶ȴ˸
ֵı˫ۣͬ¶ΣļϣǺɵſͷֵĲ
ûκ˿ֵı£˿ֻʣһƬǣɢĵϢ
һȸʥڵĳǳϣһͷ׷ռΪɣߣϵغžƣɫ͸һ
϶ԲǣԲ𡭡ߺݺݵعһھƣɾˮ£ĿеΪһ塣
µģǾƣҲᡣ룬Ҳٸ𣬶͸ŨŨĿɬе࣬˵Ⱦƣ˵ǺԼᡣ
󣬲˸У߳ߵӣ࣬Ҫȥߵľƺȴֹ
ֳ߽̾ߣһͬڳǽϣԱһƺͬһڡ
ʱ˿̣ڵвһȺʮֻӵޣХǵ˫ĿͨһƬһޣΨ޲ſᵽĴʹЩޣٿء
ǵǰµ꣬оһŹֵȼ㣬СȺǰС
û뵽ڣȻоޣ˷ȥ볤ϻϣЩޣ˾Ϳ´һһˣ¶̰ĵ
ϣȴʿһЩ֮ͬ⡣


1100 ɿ͸
볾ӣڳͷ˴ĬĬĺеľƣʱ̧ͷԿԶĻأХ
ˡˣ϶ԪҲɢˡӿɬһڰѺоƺȾһԡ
ӣӰֻʣһˡ
ֳĬһеľƣ꣬Ҳͬȥ
ǳ͵ת֣ɫ͸⣬ͬųӣĬĬš
ȥ˶ãϵɢЩɪĶ˵תͷԶصĻ졣
޵ߣУȻ̤·Ͳɣһ㣬סȥ֮أδǿȣԸһ㣬ϷҲסһɬ˿ľƺ𼸸˻ΣȻȫտա
ֳĬаоƺݸӣӽӹһڣ˫ˮ૵Ϸ޵ԼΪ޵޷ʹöܸ޵޷𣡣Ƕ꣡
˿̣Ҳӳ˾ƣ˫ۣѼƺķ˳Աߡ
һƺһںһ¶ϣӣĳΣûͬȥҲͲ౯֮·ɱʦΪħ죬ĳŵò˶ãɱħĻᣬΪʦܸ𣡡
һ͵̧ͷ֣ɫ͸
Կ棡
ĳĳŵְѾƺڵϣԶأ׷ʲô˵֮һ͸ˣҲ͸ˡʦܶˣȥ죬ӡҵ޵֮ˣȻڼããڣÿ춼ʿм˼ǵǣֻж٣Ϊ֮졣
̤·Ҫ͸͸ԼҲҪ͸˵ĳһ˹ǻһ磬һͯҥ
ӻ׻ŮĪѵʿҡǰɸɽһʬǺŮˣȴѹײĵԼҡӻ׻ͯĪҪңҵ꼸ûеԵѽһУèһץŵõʿϼҡ
ССͯҥȴ͸ұ˵ı밧ӣ͸ɣ͸ˣԼʹһЩ
ƽȴкŨ꣬һλԶȥ䱳Ӱ̺˱֮ӻҪŨɪ¶
ֵıӰ߻֮ǰһۿ־ҪԶվӣ˵ɿ͸
ԶֵһͣûлͷĬãûп͸ſɬֻһ磬ֱնȥ
ʱ佥ţִӳ뿪ʼϥǻɽԣĬĬŻɽԺвϵػطĵĻĻ
͸ԣҪһǧʹ¶ңҪȥ
ʹеΪ꣬ãã޵֮·ϣʼգûоͷ
ɽǹ𷢳˿˿֮⣬ȼյЩһƬ
ⰲУĬĬǰһ߹ľľˮ֮âڣһŮӡŮƤӨȥͲˣ˯Ƶġ
ŮûоµòûǵʣУ¾֮ˣ֮ŮҲȲײڵŮӰ֡
ľĦ͸ᣬǹľڵŮӣصȸǡ
֣վǿ͸
һ̣ؼһжѾˣΨһʣµģľڵŮӡ
ĬĬĸŹ¶һǧŮӣⰲУҵһ˿ƻů
ů٣ȴֵꡣͬ󰶵ã֪ʱɢȻִţ¸һĺ
һǧ޵ײڵŮӣΨһļСĦŹľַһУֻĬĬŮӡ
ѹѰһ˭ҲҲ԰ľס¶΢Цڱ˿СԸУԸ
ǰңǺܶڣҶˡૣϣ͸һıꡣ
ǰ˪֮飬ֻ¶һǧ޵޾Ĺ¶֮ˡ
һļУһִһֲʣ
㻹ǵô˵ҲҪ͸һļᶨ
ƬȼյڣȸʥڵÿһǣȱٵģǻɽһɽĻ£ᱬŨŨҽ
ÿһλɽıʹƬزǺ¡¡죬Ծ춯أǹ죬ҽһ£ͬصĩգ
ȸʥڵĵ˵ɽѾ̫̫࣬ȴǺ١
˿̣ڵĻɽڣƵ첻ϵس֣ԽԽңЩָû⣬УֻǹľڵĽ
ɽں¡¡ԽԽң󣬾ͷһͷڻɽһɺڴزдӻɽڳʳɻܷɢմĺâҲڸǣʹôأʱʹ֮С
ţɽ֮ԽԽң˲Ϣ䣬һɳ֮âȥһҽֱ֮գ
ԶԶȥһĻΪˣǴ˿̵֣ڻɽԱߣܵɽʯƬ䣬һЩҽĳбڡ
ҽֵǰ죬֮һɣŨŨҽͬһӻɽڳĻž춯صջһƬ
·һ̣ǰȴ޷ʹ̧ͷȥһֻۡĬĬŹľ˿ȥ㡣
ɽУͬһѷ죬ѸپͱµҽŴص𶯣Żɽϵ緢ڻɽŨŨҽ˳Żɽŭһ¡
ҽת۾͸ɽ治ϵӡ
һ̣ҽ꣬˸ǣأһƬں֮УǺɫģǹỤ̃Ǻɫģһеҽ
Ưô
ɽҲҵЩ죬ڵȵĻɽ֮ңһ֤Ҹ׷ĵʽɽ
ҽ˿ڵĻɽǺ¡¡ٴγ֣չһεı
صԽӾ룬ԶһɽĲֵĿ£ԶĻɽȻŨҽ
ֻر˫ۣԺнֳɱڣˮ̧ʩչɽһĻĻ档
ʵڵ֮أֱǻɽУҵһ˿ɽĸоֻо΢ҵʱΣ֮ɲ˼
£ȸʥڵڣȱٵľһɽ˻Ԫ֮󣬽أˮԼйɽ


1101 
绽ɱɽ硣
ɵ۰׷ǰʽȻȫˮԣʽ֮ͨԶԶĳǰʽԾ춯أ
ɽ֮Ǻʽеĵһʽɽȡľɽ֮⣬ɽ֮˵򵥣ʵǼΪӣɽɽֻ꣬ɽ겻ģҲֻѰ
Ψлͬʱչſӵɽ֮ɽͳƬ֮أɱɽֻ֮ǣҲǵһѡ
ɽ֮ˮһ㣬ɽ֮أûɽΪɽζɽɽ֮꣬ɽ֮ʣҲ֮ʱ
֮ںϣûɽ壬֮ʹ棬ӵб֮ͨ
ɽĹؼɽ֮ѣû֮ڣһ֣
öһĻΪʵĴڣ⣬ɽ֮ص㣡Ҳѵĵط
Զɽı»ɽı⣬˫ۣ¶һ˿ã
ʲô桭ʲôǼ١
ֵĻעû˿ԻشĬĬԶܵһزüͷ
öɽ壬οԳΪʵһ㣬ˮûȷĸ֣йˮĸҲģ
ƺһУˮԸԼȥ򣬶Ǵ
桭١ǷҲͬٴα˫ۣϵ˼⣬ǻɽĲϱԽԽңǣ˸ԶĻɽҲʼ˱
һʱ֮䣬ܣ޾ҽ֮УһƬʼա
ʱ㣬Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãٴ˫֮ʱȻãĬǰײһģľһɢվһԾ֮£ȻֱӴɽ롣
ŨŨҽȴ޷ֵֹӰɽҽмۣصɽײ
ϥ˫Ȼһӣ˫Ŀ¶⣬ٴα˫ۡ
Ҳȥ٣֮£û棬ôȻҲû˼٣٣ֻһִڣҲãҲգԶԣһ
ûôȻҲûûͬҲû˹ī֮ǰ˵һ⾳ĸһУΨĶ֡
˫ĿպϵɲǣȫԪȻڷĳҽںϣΪһ塣
һ̣ҽ
ҽںֵ֮ĻԪٴҽĻɽںϣգٴγΪһ塣
ûнֻԪɢҽɽ̣һֱؼĻԪһ˲䣬ȫںΪһ塣
һָ̣ܵһɲɣϢɽ촫ɣϢɽ֮꣡
ڸܵɽ֮˲䣬ڵԪ񣬴ڻûɽٴںϡ
һɲǣָоɽ
ǲɣĻɽ֮꣬Ԫ£ʹϡ俴һĻĻ棬һƬȼյϣŴص𶯣صһɽ壬ɽڲ˻Ԫ
µ£ЩԪΪҽգڴﵽ˼֮ɽ嶥ŨŨҽ
ɽ屬󣬽ƽϢһֻֻ޺Хһȸʥڵӷɳۡ
˵ĴһЩԴֲɽϣػһſų֮ݣɽҰٴ
ϵѭ֪˶ã𶯣ɽһα
ʱ䣬ֵǰһζģַѾԼĳԣԼʿݣľǳɽΪ֮ꡣ
һδεĻɽ·һδεйһֲ̣֪У
ңǻɽ֮ŭɽֵȻӣת֮£ܵһɽȫ֮ڡ
񣬸Ƿɢһɽ֮Уɽںϣɽ괥ĻӿԺ
˸Ļɽܵ˸ɽ֮ŭԪٴɢеĻɽ
һ̣ǧÿһһɽ
ǡһλȸʥڵĳϣϥ͵˫ۣĿ¶ɻ󣬵̣͵ؿڻɽķ
ʥʣϢܲɣΪϣΪﵽȻʱͷֱȴǼΪ𾪡
𾪵ģϢ˵ʥʣȴССʿȻ֮ͬǰһʿвǧѡȺϣ˵֣ͬʵȴЩޡ
ڣϢ̺ĲɣȴǰСһ㣡֮£һԾ𣬷ʱ̾͸ܵϣ֡
ʶ͸𾪣Ȼһһ
һ˲䣬еȸʥ֮ˣһȻӴоѣǿĸоڸղŵһɲǣһɼΪɣɨ
ҲͰˣĸ˵Щ𾪣ȴӰ̫һĻȴĸ߷׷׵
ɨǣȻлɽһ㣬ȻͬʱǺ¡¡죬ʹǶڲأȫǾ춯صĺ¡֮ȡ
һ̣ʶ̺ĲɣϢȫĻɽӵһµĸо
ձһƬ֣ųҽһ˲䣬ĸϷ׷ɫ䡣
ȸʥڵӣ뿪ǣһͺһ߿һֻһȸʥ˷׷׷ֱǿնȥ
ĸͬŴϵˣȫ˳ȥǿУ˾¶ţ֮о󲻲֣֪ʲô顣
ĸɫΪĶһеʥʣǿҵĲ
ǵĲոճֵɲǣǵʶȻٴɢһΣȻɢǿ֮УԽһȸʥˣȼյڲϵɢ
ʶչ£һǱڣ֮ںϡ
ǲɣϢΪŨ
ϣͬɳڶྪŵȸʥˡ
Ŵʶеǣȫ֮ںϣϵ׳֮£أһ޷Ӵʶȼյڣ
еȸʥˣȫһſڷɳϤĴͷˣҲˡ
ʱ˿̣򶫲ʥڣȸʥһƬȼյ⣬ȴһƻζڣ߳һˣ
һߣһͷԷֿۣһϳӣ
Ӽһ֣Զвƻص߳һˣ
һ֣һ֮ɢһӣһΪӢֻɫ԰ףˡϴΪȴͫһ
ӣӱĿɨ
ʬھ֮һǲ֪ǵڼƽ˫ĿȴǶӡ


1102 
ȸʥڵڣ˿еȫʶɣϢ򣬸ʹȸʥг𾪲ѡ
ǾΪȴҲ󲻵ʥʵʲôͨȻԴﵽ˺ŵĵز
ǵļʶΪ޷֪ɵ۰׷ͨǿ޷⣬Ҳ֮С
ֵʶ޷ôԶ˿ȻһУ˻ɽ֮꣬һſںϣǻ֮ϵӣµһĻ
һУףɵ۰׷ɽ֮ͨϡ
˿ֵʶǼȸʥеǣһ˸оϣʶ̺ĲɣǸ࡭
˿еȸʥˣЩϣҲȫֵʶ֮УǿĸܵʶڵϢÿһϣ𾪲ѡ
֮ǰĸߣеĲɢϵطչ𺳡
Ȼ޹ǣûȻû㡣棬Ҳ޼٣֮䣬Ψһɣʶڻصÿһ˶С
ԭֻһˣѹˮʦûϸĸһУףˡĻصַһ㡣
ѵɲǣȼյȻһſǸǻɢһɽһ˲䣬ȫ
ɽı̾ʹǺ¡¡
Ҳһ̣ʬڵ̤Ƭȼյڽһ˲䣬ʬڵĵ˫۱⣬͸޷֮ɫΪ˲Ϣ͸ܵƬھȻһ˰ʶ
ʶ֮ǿԾ춯أҲɵõһԵĲһˣЩǣµĲɣ֮УһַСĸо
ȸʥʣеһֵģǴδȸʥʣ̾־òƣӨ֥Ļ㱨ȸʥʷʱ䲻Ȼ޷㡣
Īȸʥʣ˫ͫһɫΪ
ͬӣҲɫ˲Ϣһ䣬̾͸ܵƬȼĶǵӴʶ
⡭ǡ¶޷𾪡
ʶ֮ǿȻԴǿݣ⼸ͲһʿӵУ
ܵʶһ̣ȻҲܵӣʶȻŶʶһȻʹȻǻӿ
ӡʶڴһڻص
ӵЩϤʶ˲²⣬£ȴ޷еĲ²⣬ɫ
ǡ
ȸʥʣֵ촫ǿ֮ףʹХ
֣˫Ŀһ֮졣
ʬڵҲͬˡ
λؾʬ֮ˡֵĴݣ𺣣ߡ
ϷʬڵӳɫƽϲŭΣȴǶȸʥڣ˸ļɵԭȸʥϸ۲һ£ȴûй۲ıҪˡ
ǰʬСӨ֥һö˷ϷǰҪѯʥʣ֮ںδʥ棬ʬڸмǰȭ˵
ѹе𾪣ͬȭȸʥʣҲһöصɵϷҲ˵ʲôط
ΪʶͻȻǿӵΪ΢ԿһЩܰڵ֮ںһͨͬɵѡ
ȸʥڵأٴ
ҿԸ˵֮أΣȥ벻ȥоֵصǰƾճ֣һͼ
ͼİȸչ¶֣˸Ϣ󣬽ɢ
ȸǣĿһ
ʥʰҪϢҵȣдɡ΢΢һЦƽĿڵ
裬赶ɱʬ֮˶ѡֵʬ죬²һбͲı
ãʥʹȻֱˬ£ʬڳ飡һȻû뵽־Ȼ˻ش𣬹һЦĿһԶ֮أһȭתߡ
ӳĬƬ̣ߺɫ¶ӣ̾Ϸǵ͹㣬û뵽û뵽֣׿Ϸɵݣ׿ȸʥݣϷΣ
пɡֳ
һпɣҲпϣ֣Ϸֻ֪˵٣ҲȷĿһʵ
ǰĳҲ㣬˵ǧȷ
ӵ˵ͷû˵ȭ֮磬뿪ȼյ
ȫȥȼʶȻεΣɢƬڡ
ǻĲ֣Ҳ̻صһſǡ
ʶУǣԪʹȸʥڵһ𺳡
ڵϣɽȻֹͣ˱Ļɽڲ˫ۣ˫ĿΪͬȻɽҽ֮С
֮⾳ֻأתѭ˿̽ɽ֮⣬١һ֮ԲΪͻ˿⾳ɽ֮䡭٣ȴʵͬϴ
վӣһ֮ҽھвƳ֣˲Ϣ־ͳ棬أϽ¶΢Ц
ĸ֮ܵǰĲ֮ͬǰڿԳܵĻԪȻ˼ޣڣһؼӿԪȻۣڡ
Ԫϵس룬һץǰһѷ¡ѷէһ֣̫ȶʱԱ
̣Ԫֻɢֱӳѷڣ治ϵţ¡֮ص£ѷڵĿռȴԽԽͬʱԪ£ӵȹռﵽ˼ޣȶĳ̶ȣײ
ԺǲˡֺЦһĴ֮ȫɳһһѷڣգڿտգһ꣬һƬɻɢ
ѷһ㣬ֵӡֻּ䣬ѷ£ʧ
ʱȻɫһ˫ۺһ˶ʱǰһʱȻǿգֻǰԶһֻķ
ͨɫ˿ȴѪܣɫήҲȻˣһɻ˵
ޱһ˿ڲϵɢɫ֮ǳĿ˿Ҳжѡһ۾Ϳ֣һֱֶ
ޱһģɢһץǰһѷ֣óĵҩι¡
ͬʱʶ̽ͷŷ޵ļ䣬ֵɫΪһɱȻ



1103 ƺ
вһʯڣ˿꣬ǰУЩǱһһɼǵ˿ڣѾѪ͸ʹɫΪ԰ס
Ҳˣмֳȼ֮ˣ֮һ͸ĿѪҧ֣ӣȴǲòһ˷š
ǵһȺԼʮֻľ޴ޣЩͬԴˣȴûӰжͨ˫Ķǰˣӣȴȼ²ĸ档
ģǸӵˣҪܴƺһֻ壬ͿɴӰڻȡһƿΪ˥Һ˲˿ڵ꣬ɫΪʡ
죬ǾһȦƺ߳Ƶľ޳ǾȻշ˾˶ȻĴͨߣҪ볤ϻϣһǴͨ߷֣룡ֳȼ㣬ؿڱ͸꣬ɫ
û뵽һ·˳˶ǾͻȻ޵ķû㣬˲޷ЩޣڡϧǾܵ
ץʮֻޣ˻ȡĺôڣ˵λҲ̲ͬһ̰꣬Ŀ˿ʮֻޡ
˷У뵽ǳʯһƬɫĹֻƣٽ󣬾һĴֱóҧѪϡ
Ȼ䣬öֱǰֶȥڹϣʱвƻصȴǰһԲεС
ûͣ٣ڣͬʮֻҲһͬ˽ȥ
ʱȻ˹ڲȼ˿˵
˵Ҳ֣ڣȻƺľ޳֣ҿ֮࣬ɽһǧ򡭡һ¶־֮ɫ
ˣ¶ãŽҲ΢̽һЩǾ뿪Ϊãľ֮С
໥˿ǰȥƬ̺ǰһʯһγɵʯ
˸ϣ⣬нٸµʿڰһʯǣĳֹɣڡ
սϷվߣ£ܰ׷ԲԵȴ˫Ŀ磬ľϡ˴˿̸ʱָ·
˵ĵʿע⣬ȴû̫⣬ֻǵĿ˻ʮֻʱȴһɫ䣬мرСƺڶӰ֮ˣʱ
ޡޣ
ȻЩٸʿ׷׷ͷĹȫԲ˼Ŀ⣬ʮֻޡ
Щ˵ı֣˺е⣬֮ǰһοЩʱҲ
ϹȴһǰĿʮֻһɨʿȵɺͳȥ齨󷨣
һȣ̾ܵʿ׷ɢδɵĹֻǵĿ⣬ȴʱޣ¶̰
Щô£ߺ꣬ٴοһЩޣĿ¶֮âʵ
ؿ˵̹İ齻һԥһ£˵ͿзıʣǾܵ
ɫɵǸߣĿ˸ԥ֮ɫ
֮ﵹҲˡԼڣȦߣܷǣ
ƺֵ󣬴ٳǧȺӣԵ̸ֿץɣҲҪѺܴ۲ſɳץ˵ʮֻޣһӴĲƸ
໥ۣԷе̰ϡ
ڣЩʿҪҲôףԲʿҪƿ˽͸ڵҲգһЩʱȻصƺǶԷ׷ƺ򡭡ߣ޻أ
齨˴ɹʶ
Ǵ޻꣬˿¶˷ܣȻ³ϳ棬ôȫһʧصڣԼ˵Ƿݹ뽱Ȼٲˡ
ٺ٣ҵϣǰƿĿǴ뿪Ǵ˵꣬һЦ
˿̣ʿеִ֣ǰͷ̧һƬɫΪ䡣Ϥ֮ˣ飬̾ͻ֪ʱȻڷŭ֮С
ԭ˲ңҲˣɭݣҲơ޸ûǶԷȴնߣʹˣѾֵĵߡ
ֺݺݵһգ̧ͷ˿ǿϷ֮ǰﵽһ̣ĸܵһ˿ٵ
ֻȸʥڣٽ٣»ȸʥش˰ֿ˿̵֣ȴǲҪ˰ҪУ֤Լ׻֮ǿ
ǻֲǣٵĽʱ䣬ѧϰȸʥڵһͨȴǿԡ
ʶڴﵽ˲䣬һ£ԾķʽҷӡʹΪھԵԿ
ֻ֪ԼΪ̾ͻĴﵽʱٶѸٽ١
߳ȸʥڣ˶ѰһƫƧ֮ذĶԿ٣޵ĳ֣ȴ̸ı⡣
һӣ˵ռѷڣƾ֮ǰ޼е·ߣǰһȥ
һ֮£ǰ̾вƻصɲǼӰʧΡ
سɴ磡
򶫲Ե޾ǿУƾճһƬɵŤܻصɢˮͶһöʯӣһ㡣
ģһͷ׷ִɱ䣬һ߳
һƬֻܣǰԶʿս֮˫ĿɱǰһΡ
һֱǰתۼʧӰ
ǿд֮ȴٶ̫죬䣬һѩǰһץ˵޷ɳ
ֵĵҩɵЧѣʳ֮һ˿ϵ˿ҲѪһ֣˫Ŀ¶һĺâֱĶǰ̶˻
Ȼǲʣȼ㣬֮ʮֻޣȻССʿˣ¸Ǳܣ˵ԴӸֺ󣬾ʹδй֮¡
˿ߣ̾ӣ˻ѡһֱǰȥ
ɫѰͬϢ·£ǰȥŭ죬ǰУܣȻ΢ĻɽӰû


1104 
ЩõĻɽ֮ӰһֱǿԪ۶ŻɽĲϳ֣һ·ȥͬлɽȺ档
һĻ˿ǿУҲᵹĿ¶֮ɫ
ɽӰ̫ʵһۿȥ֪Ǽ٣ٿڶۣ̾һٻɽ֮Уʵĸоǣ
֮䣬һʿΪ֮ͬҲܵӰ죬Ͼͨɵ۰׷ʽͨеĵһʽ
ɽ
еķŭû⣬ɽ֮⣬޶ߣ֮䣬жصϢΨͬſԲ˿һܣ˵ͬϢΪŨͲҪϸϾɲ顣
ǿһһ޼ǰУüͷޱϾˣٶЩǰٶȣ֪òſҵ֮ˡ
ֽܵٵĽԽԽƺԼԾӡΪҲɶ
˵رϾǿգȸʥڳȼ£ֻлԪԪΪӣһֵǰУΪӡȻڶԪ˳룬ת徭
ʿڻᱻԪ죬Աʺȥı仯
һӣǰһһɴСѷƾճ֣ѷ첢ǾֹּǰУȻҲͬٶǿա
ͷ·ǺеһСڿٵĻһ㣬ǹ졣
ѷһ죬óһŻɫֽһ£ѷʱʧ
Żɫֽһ˦֮̾ϣһʱһȻֱϷǿնȥ
ɫ䲻ϵת֮£ʵķȻǿڳ֣ͬʱϷ̾һֻӴķݻûһ죬Ȼһ˻춯أǰԱ绹Ҫٶȣֱӳ
һ޵ٶȻﵽ۷壬˲䣬һԾϣ˿ٶ֮죬ֻоǰǿЩ貵ǹѾһʶ
ʿ֮٣
޴δйٶȣ˿һã˻֮ȴûκβʣǿڼۡ
һȺʿӵսأ˴˻һڷУͻȻ֮һ͸ܵһɿ紵кХ֮ص̫ͣ̾ʹ˱ɢһ¥Ȼ
⡭ʲô
һֱʱǲŴӺ޵˻Ȼ˻ݵٶȣԶԶ޴˿̵ٶȡ
Щʿ׷ɫ䣬һ겻˴˿˿ԶԶȥ
޵ٶȣڲϵؼУѰͬϢûãƬʯڣ˵ؼвҲڼΪƫƧ֮أܺ򣬼УҲ˵ǡ
һûʿ
ǰһƬʯ޵˻Ϊ͸һޱߵķŭֱӳʯ֮У֮̾Ȼȴ赲ǰһʯȻײ顣
ֱ룬ͬһ֮ʣ£ֱʯȥ
Ƭʯڣ˿Щʯɵڽʿ齨£Ȼβ߸¶˷ܣֻҪһɣǾͿ԰Ĵž޻صƺ
ʱڶʮֻ޻ȡĺô
ã໥̸Ц֮ǰĵ󷨾Ҫ齨һɨգʱͻȻǷڲԶʮֻޣԭڼֻȼ¼Ϊ˿һȴͻȻ˻
һֻ˻޺˫ۣͬʱ˻𣬸¶ľٶ
һ仯̾ߵע⣬ʹЩ齨󷨵ʿҲĿ⿴ȥֻЩͬһͼȼΧȦӡ
Ծһ߳
ԱҪ˵̾ɫһ䣬͵Ļͷһ춯صĺ֮ȻԶΧƵĴ
һʱ֮˸ϣȫӳյĺ
ɫǰһ壬ֱǰȥδӽ̾һ˻֮Ĵ롣
˲䣬齨󷨵ʿУ޻꣬ɫһ䣬ǼһӾˣ˻ߵ
Ȼ׷ˣ³ڴˣ˵лץ໥˿̷ɳֱǰ
⣬޴һ·޷ٶȣǻŭֱײʯһƬ֮ϣ¡¡ȿնܲϵĻص
ȴƼΪͣ޵ײ£˸˿δ޷֮±˺ɲͣ£Ϊ仺˷֮޶ٴˡ
Ųʣ˫Ŀͫף¶Ѫɱϵ˻
վһԣ֣ϼΪ䣬ǰһٽֺ̧ǰһģһ֮£ڵĻԪʱйһƬ˲ϢͰ֡
ȼ֮ص⾹Ȼûаɢ
һЦڴȴߣȻٽ֣мĿ֡
ԭŵڿֵΪ̷ΪûеԲûеֻǾڰˡϾǲƺʹߣķʽ͵͵
һӣ̴£߻ƣĿ͸ϡ
ΪСҿǲ˵
Цһ¶ЦھȻ˿֮ˣΪȻвҶˣʵǻ
˾֣ܿȴΪṳְ̂벽˿ǰ֮ӦòǾ֮֮ܿ࣬˿ĿľΪԼ˳ȥ
⣬ȻĴͨʿʶ˵֮̽ûз֣Խ˾Խǻɡ
ֲٷϻ̧һָǿգھӡΪȻ䱬һɲǣһɾϢ̾ʹڷɢǿԪΧӿ
ŨŨԪڣ֮дͬʱһɺƵ֮ǿ۶
ʯϷһƬϢûɲǼһƬʯȫ
ͬʱһ֮Ȼ֮Ͻ٣˲ϢܣƬʯķָ
⡭ǡ
٣۾¶޷֮ɫĿип־֮â˾ΪҲǼʶ֮࣬һϳʵǰոĿƺһ١


1105 ɽ
ʯ֮ϵĽƷۣٱ֮Ҫתۼ䣬ǼڸǿյĽƾȻȫ۳֡
һǿյ¡һɫȻʹǽĺɫˮͰϸȻ赲ʯ׷ױ
ǿգȻҲɫ³˴Ƭѷ죬ҲҪһ㡣
ɫٶ̫죬˫ĿͫУӳһ״콵٣£Ǻɫֱֶȥ
ˡ˾Ȼǰ֪Ժַ٣һԼЩš
ֻǺɫžƣһȦȦƣں֮˲Ϣͷɫ糣ûа仯Ǻɫµɲǣֺ̧ݺݵһ
˲Ϣ䣬Ǿ磬Ȼһ֮£ȻɫĻεɢ
һĻߵ¶޷˼֮ɫ˿Ҳ٣һ۾Ϳٺף˶ʱͷƤ飬ɢ
һ˾ȻӲĿеĿ־ﵽ˼¡
ɫ䣬֮ף˵ʵ΢ɵһףһӣɢܵĺɫʱһٿһɿۡ
תۼ䣬ֵϣȻһƬâһߣֱ֮˫Ŀ֮ˣǸоɲǣһףâ˲Ϣֱֶȥ
һâɫ磬ϣ̾ҵĻζʹɫ̲԰ס
Ѱʿ
ֵǿȣֵԤϣһ׾Ȼ޷
һУʮʮУͰٵɱһʱǿϷĽٴηӿ֮ϵػصУһ׷¡
һ󣬾Ȼкɫ֣һƬһŵɫףȻ䣬ֱ֡
ɫ糣ȴһ˿ЦһԾ𣬲ûжܣֱǿգǾŵ׶ȥ
ڴͬʱüлû̫ԪһǾŵ׾һŭ
֮һ׾Ҫ֮ŭߣȴΨһ֮Ԫ
ǾŵȻٵףһ¾Ȼһ٣ֳЦгŵ֮УĿ׹˸ӵȻʹŵĿ۶ȥ
֮ϣһһһĿȫɢ˿̵֣Ŀ׹⼫ΪŨžž֮ɢһЩ⣬ͬɣ
ֻô̧ͷϷĽƣ
˿̵Ͳ֪׵һĻ·ڵ˴ʲôĳʿȻŵĸεѣҲû뵽ԼǵľȻ˿µĶ֡
̡١ɫΪ԰ף˿Ҳû˸ղŵİ⣬ֵĿ⣬ǳ޷ţ˿ǰ׷꣬ȻΪ
Ǹղŵɾŵף˶ͷڳ亹һת̴𣺡ȥ齨󷨣죡
ԶǽʿûǰǵλãȻҲԿϷǿյһĻ˿һ𺳣һ֮£׷׵žѸټӿ齨󷨡
ҲǼٸϻأȻԼ齨֮С
죬һҪ죬뿪ô֮ˣȻԡ٣
ǿ֮ϵĽٴۣһɰѹй˲Ϣ䣬һʮɴϸɫ׺Ȼ֮󣬾Ȼڸһ֣ƿǿգǿµ֮ڣȴǰ֮Ȼִ͸ǿճ˳ֱü¡
һͺû˺벽˫̧𣬷һ㣬ʮɫıǰ
ƾǺ֮ص˿δನ׵绷ܣ֮
ûнƺŭһɫ£ϵغǰأǰ׵ԽԽ󣬵󣬼ﵽ˰ɴС
ֵӣҲ䲻ϵ£ĺˣɫȴ͸һɷ
һЩһ
һǿ֮ϸ˳ʮĽƣȻ䴫һŭͬʱһ߲׺Ȼ٣
߲һ֣̾ͻߵɫ֮ףһ޷ֱ¡
֮£ֵٴκˣǰȻﵽɴСڵ֮޷󣬼ֿ֮ף˿ҲЩܲס
ۿޱ޼ʵĽٴӿһ߲֮â˸һΣǰ̳··˲ʧУݺݵһף
̺׵Ժأ˿ֵĲٿ£ֱ·ֶȥڵɫ԰ףͫײϵ
󷨣һ̴𣬲лûȫ齨ɡ
˿ȴû˷ԣǽʿ˴˷ֱڸλ˫вϴӡߣ֮ɴСĿٵ˲䣬ֱϥ£ɢڣͼǿֵ
ԪֵɲǣȻ٣ϣ֮Ȼ侪춯أһƬ֡
޾ĵйϣ̾ʹ˲ϢͬʱѪ¶־壬һ߸һԪɳֱڿ󷨡
͸֣ߣЩϥ󷨵ʿ̾ʮ˱ڵĵ˲佹һƬԪ޷
̺̫׵£󣬺ȻƬɢһӴĳɻܷƶ
޼ʶ̼۷ߣٶĿ죬Ҳ赣ΣֻʯڵһʯȴɲǣڻγɢУһһĩ
תۼ䣬Ƭʯɢм⣬ްʯڣ
һŨŨɱޱߵķŭֱӳڣ˿̣ǿ֮ϵĽƣҲ֮֮£ϰٵ߲֮ף˲ʹڽ٣ֱ׷ȥ
Щ߲֮׺󣬻һƬ£̬٣״γ֣¡
һ̣ʯɵ󷨣ڱǹлתȻ֮ǻɢ
˵ͬԪ֮ķɳֱ󷨶ȥֻҪڣ˾ͿԻ֣Ȼ˿־塣
ۿ󷨿оʿȻڣҪͳȥЩˣ־
˫ĿһȻǿշһ֮ˣһƺԱǿ֮˲Ϣӿֶ
һɲǣ̾һõĻɽƾջû˻ƣƵһɽڲϵ
ɽ¶ɱ


1106 һɽ
ɽ
ֻڵɲǣʯڵǿУûûɽȻ侹Ȼ໥ص
һûɽĲϵص˲Ϣ䣬֮ɽںϳһֵǰһɽȻ֣γ˼ʵ֮ûκɽ壡
ɽһǧɣǿв̫󣬿ǰȴȻһ㣬˲аѹء
ɽֵɲǣǿն˾ҵĲƣһ㣬˵ʯɵ󷨣дʯȻ
һɽɽȻ𶯣ɽǱʯܾȥͬʱдƬǿյɲǣһɫĻ棬ȴ̴ɽ
ӵеĸ£Ĩһ飬֮ʱ滯һɢ̵ľʯǿպݺݵ䡣
Щƺʿ˲ҽбʯϣʱΪ࣬л壬̼ͰԪֱ
Ǵɽḷ̺́˴Ļ𶾣۳ź緢ܣһʱ֮䣬ǿճΪĩգʵ˿¡
һѾֻ̤׼뿪ʿһجΰĿ־Ҫ뿪̾ͱ۳û߳Ĳҽȫ˲Ϣ仯һƬͬԪ񣬶תۼͳʧ
ǳ߲ףĳ£Ȼǰ¡¡ľ֮
һЩΪʿӿ˾ʯ䣬˻𶾷۳ȴ£Ԫ񣬿Ѫ˫Ŀյɡ
֮ص
һвûнɽ壬ٴ粨ΰҽ֮ˣɽӶ£ǿھͳ޾ݻϢ
ҽ߰˸ʿ̫Ҫ룬˾ͱǿĻ𶾷۳ʹ
һ˷ʱһľʯȻУһƬѪˮɢֻ£ѪˮһɢͳΪһƬѪ
лˣһǰʹµˣҪٺܶࡣٶһ£ûüɳ̱һҽĻҽɲǣ˵ȼɢֻʣһڵĹǼܣǰĶ
ǼҲֻǼ˰ϢѳɻҡǵԪҲҽĻУȻճޡ
ʹģĪΪԸߣûڵһҽȴ޷ҽֻҽʩչͨ뷨ȻӴ˽٣
Զ޴˿̽ԼٶȣѸٷأһ˫¶⣬ɽɽ֮ͨڣ̳Լ֮ͬ˵ֵɽ֮Ȼʧȥһзӡ֮ʮֻ޸ûκλٽ
˿̿٣Щ˻һһ֮γһȺ޴ɽͨڳȥֵǼǳ𣬴ֱͬǰһ¶ŵĻʿȥ
ˣ֮ǰ޵֮һȲ˵꣬ոձܿһʯо紵ͷһ۾ͿޣɫҪˣȴһһȺ޳ҽ˺塣
Ⱥ޳ѪȣӷĴ£Ѱ˼
һжת۾ͷɽ֮£ûˣΨһƬʧȥԪ񣬴˿ɫſ־壬ܿʯ𶾷۳ҧֱ󷨶ȥ
һߣɫ԰ͬƹһƬ𶾷۳µӵ󷨡˿оһƬںޣڵǲ̰ģ޵ӰѾΪԼ´
ĿһƬƽЩˣûаҴ޵⣬Ҫۣ˫쿪һƣеͺȣɽһ
ֻڣʱɽٴһ𣬴ʯɽ£ҽڻһ壬ͬʱЩܵҽ˲Ϣ侹ȻͬʱĹУһĳǿգ̾һЩʣʿҽ壬ҽлڻɢ
ǳԪ񣬸ոٽģ̾ɽһʽ£ǰȻƵ󷨣תۼͳѣһĿ֮˸
ҽ֮£Ҳܲס֮Ȼ߽⣬֮ҵ˸Ѹٴ͸
֮£󷨴ѣȫ
Ԫ¶Ӳɵһͣǿգ˲ͣ٣һȼյľʯ£Ԫ֮ϡ
һԪ֮ԪȼΣûн˺ɲǣ𶾷۳ɨγһ۳籩ҵ䣬߲֪ԺͨƬ𶾷籩
˿̵ȫһܣԪ޹ʱɢԪϣһƬƤһ͹ŧھǻ𶾣
Ԫڲ˿Ҳлȼգʹںʹĺвϡ͵̧ͷĶ֣Ŀ¶
Ϸ򼴱ҲҪͬھŭгֱֶȥԪһ̣ȼԱ
ԪԪڲϵɢγһɿ֮⣬֡ɫ糣Ԫٽɲǣ̧һָ˲ϢȻ˳ɢ
䣬һֳڵ˲䣬ߵԪ̾ǿжһ¡
ΪϾ֣ʩչͬʱڻԪתѹ·ɵͬʱǰһӣ֮е̻ûͬһֱߣžһ죬ԪнҪԱϢ̾ͱһ֮ɢ
žž֮УԪҽзڣŨŨĿ־壬ҪˣȴǱһֱߡ
һץǰһף̾˲ֵĴռѷڣһ㡣
һжˮûаͣͣԶڵһһתӡ
ߣһΣֱ׷ȥָһָϿգͺȵ
ڶ
һɽִ˿ɽļޣˮɽʮ١ˮ֮ɽԻһ磬˵㣬Щʿȴǿ
û٣ִжϲԼһǰ٣˵ֻǾڣҲһս
ǿڶ¾Ǿ޴ɽз죬ɽһıˣɽ۶ɵɽҲ֮ȼյʯ̮ʯɢҽ֮ȫڸǿһзΧ
ҲͰˣֵ£ѵɽγɵȼʯҽǳ˻𶾵ķ۳һ£һƬȼյĳӣ⣬һ̵֣ͬصˣһͷ׷Ʈҡճɱ


1107 
еƺʿͬǴȻȫ߽ɢΨڵߣǵڶбѪһеľҪߡ
ˣľ
Ŀһǰһӣ⻷ƵĻ泤ֱ߶ȥٲȥһ̧ۣͷУǿյĽƷӿƬĻ̬ٺȻ١
𡭡ɫƽ¶΢ЦХ˲䣬ǿյһָ
˲ϢĿ˸һɫȻϣԶԶȥִͬһһ㡣
ɫں󣬳һͷ׷ǳϣһɫȸͼڡһֱȥ
ɲǼ䣬ͳУĻٽ̾ͱϵգȸͼһ֮»ûΪһֻȸ˻
ȸͬ裬Ƴ֮
̬٣˵Գܣ
̧ͷգ¶ս֮ɫһ޵٣ÿһζǼΪǱЩɥδգ׻֮ѹǧ֮ģٴȼ
٣һֱ֣Ҫ죬٣
ǸΧĽսĿ⣬˺ƾҵķУһ˲併٣
ǵһγ֣֮ǰͬľ֮£һͼ߶Ҫ
ֲû˺󣬷Ц
׽٣٣ý٣٣ĪǳĽ٣ûôְ죬Ǻѹ£˿δ
һ飬ѹ˲ϢŨ˰ٱϣǿ˴ΧŤһ޷ݵ˺
ֵӣѹ½ɣȫ׷֮ͷ­ȴһֱ̧
һ˦ԶǻߣаȼճӾԪѸٶ
ƺߣ̫أ֮ǰӵп֮ȴǿѹ£ɽ֮٣ʹƸأΪΧĵ䣬ֻʣ¾֮
˿̱ȼճӾţԪⳤٽֵ˲䣬˫Ŀ͵һգԪ̷ıγһɳ˳ӣֱȥ
һһŨŨɱ˲ٽ֡
һֳƣǰǳԪȻһģǿԪ۶ǰһ޴ӡֱ֮Ԫȥ
ɫȻ䣬ʧǡŽڵӡ߿ڵ˲䣬Ǿ޴ӡϺХԪ񲻶ϺˣȼճȻһ
֮ص£Ԫ̱
ûʱȥ˼ǰĻ˫һָȼճӣȼյɽʯ̳֣Ϸ֮£Ȼһɽ壬ֻɽϸܵѷ죬ɫĻЩѷ͸ܡ
˿أϵرѹ£ɫк󣬿Ц˫Ϻݺݵһƣͺɽ죡
ϷǾ޴ɽȻֱϿնȥ֮죬γһĺХһΣ̳ھ޷֮£İھ޷ײŴɽһ㣬ֱǿսƣ
Х֮Уؼѹأɰǧϵ֣Ϸɽ壬ڲϵسУ̳˴Χıʯƺܲסѹ׷ɻҼ
ȴûֹͣǰУٶȸ죬ͺӭͷϣƶɽֱǿգѸϷޱ߽Ƶľ롣
ԽԽԽԽ
ͷƮȫ֮ϣܣڸйͷĦ֮ʹ沿
һУֺ⣬Ҫģһ֮⣬ٵĶԿʼձԸһΣҪ
ŲϵؽӽɽΧıʯɢɽʯȻȫ߽⣬ΪһƬҺɢ
ɽɢɽȴڣ
ʧȥеʯ󣬱ŵģһ޴Ļ֮ɽ˵ɽ˵һɽεĳ档
˿̵֣ǽƣȻɣĳ£ٴǿһεӣûаͣ٣һǿնʱͳѣһռ˲Ϣ֣ɢ޾
ŵĻɽϻҲ½ҪϨ
ִһ˫ǰݺݵһףԪǳһɳ֮ƶɽԸٶȣֱϿսƣ
ɡǧɡǧɡǧɣ
ǻɽǧɵɲǣڴһ֮Уɽվûг嶥ɹһ֮ϨʧӰ
û˻ɽ谭ּѹɫ¶ʣֻǧɣǧɣͿԺǽƣ
ѹٵɲǣۻȻĿ׹쿪˫ۣĿ׹ֱұۣ֮ϳһȭͷС
ͬʱĿɢ˳̾۳һɫĻ
֮ףֺǿգ̧ͷһͺ˲Ϣ󣬾һӴޱȵ̫ûһ׹£˫¶֮⣬ձһǿУһȻûۡ
ԶԶȥܷԲڣ׹أ׳صһ㣬׵ߡ
Ϊ˵ģֲٿ֮ףʹ֮ȨɲǣϷƣ׹⾹Ȼۡ
һ̣ף
ʹ֮Ȩ޾ۣǽڵ׹ٴα˴ڵصЩµһ٣ȥƺҪٴλصڡ
٣Ҫңұض죡ֲ٣νֻԷɵν٣ҲԷɽ٣ۿıƣֵͺһա
֮ȸֺۣɲǼ䣬ӰԱߣһƬɫ֣ȼлһֻӴȸȸһȣȸ֮
ǿ̾лַ۶ͬʱǧĽڣ˴׹ǣ½⣬һƬ𻺻£γһ©һֱֻȥ
ҪףҪ
һĻκһʿ𣬴˿̵ֻ֣棬֮ͬʱŽ֮
ΪһѪ֮Ȼӽȴǵ̬֮ٳ֣Ѫ٣
Ѫֵ֮ɲǣ͵̧ͷ֮ͬһŰɴСͬСĻ棬ֱƶȥ
ǧɡǧɡǧɡһǧɣ־ǽԽԽ̤ǧɷΧ˲䣬Ѫ֮


1108 ԶϢ
ԶԶȥֱѪ֮ɣǿ̾ͰԶ޴ͬ役ķ˫ĿʱŽƿȥȴ̫֮ڵԳܡ
ʱ仺عȥ޽ľҪƳȥ֮ʱһͺǽºȻص
һƬУ׹Ȼ𣬸л𺣷ȼնһɫӰѪһ֣
ɫ԰ףɫȴ͸ɱڳɲǣֱƶȥתۼԽǧɾ룬ֱӳǸ߸ϵĽڣ
ڽƵһ˲䣬̾͸֮ܵĺƵ֮˫ǰݺһƣ׻𽻴̾Ͳһɾ춯صĻ֮
֮ȻĲײУޱ޼ʵĽ̼ٵں¡¡֮ϡ
Ƭڣ׹ߣգһɰĳɨأƷء
ɲǣƺ֮£ȻΧıͬһ˫δڲϵ˺ӽڣĸܵ˺֮ӷҪ˺飬Ҫˣ˫Ŀһ
ڽУһƬȴǿǰԶ֮оȻһʮɴСѷ죡
ŨŨѷڲϵѷ죬ٵԴͷһ㡣
ԥֶѷ죬һֱǰȥת۾ѷ⣬Ȼûиܵκ˺֮УʹָΪ
ҧ֮£ʶɿɢһ˿ֱѷڣʶѷɲǣ̾ҵĲ
ʶһѷڣ̾ͿһƬµأ
̺һۿͷȴ̾ͿǴһ޴ʯ
޴ʯ񣬺Ȼһüİ˸ǵ㣬˿ӡվһľ
ȴĸܵǹϴ
ҲͰˣ𾪣ǰȴһ񣬶ϣʮʯ񣬸нٸħ֮ڣ
һħʯͷϥһ۵꣬һ澵ӣüͷϵ㡣
ʦ˵Ľٶ֮ڣӦþ
ʱͻȻ̧ͷһ˫Ŀ¶ϲ֮ɫգȻֵʶĿһ̾һ֮â˫Ŀһֱա
ûκԥжһ˿ʶϵһȫ׻һеĳ뷭ĽڣһӰһ뿪˽ֱ̤
һ߳ƣɫһ䣬ܵԼһ˿ʶȻ˼ٶȸ죬ת۾Աߣһ˦±̰Ⱥѷռ䣬ǰޱϵĻɫֽ¡
һжûаͣ٣ŻɫֽǰѸԼϣȻȫ֣̾˵ٶ̱һֱǰȥ
뿪ãǽں֮ΪңƬƲϵ£ԶԶȥɢһ㡣
ϸȴǿԿ֮ǰ֮˿еĽƲɢǲϵ£һ֮â
֮âֵ˲䣬һɲһϢѸٵɢ˵ٶγɵķָʱ߽⡣
ȴаɢȥµ̬ǿ١ˣҲǸĵط˻һҲӦá֮âڴһ˷֮һ֮ʧӰ
һ˲䣬ԶһźѰϣһƬԭ֮ϥһߣһ£ɫƽؼһ鶼޷а㶯ݡ
ڴˣ̾ͻϳڵֹˮҦ潻սǸˣ
ĿƽݣĿ£ݹת۾ʹѿ˿ݻƣسѿѭϡ
̧Ҫժ£ɲǼ䣬־Ȼһ͵̧ͷ¥˼֮ɫ
ӿڵı飬𺳣Ϊ֮ˣȫɫƽδɫ
ߴһ͸ʧˡ֪߱˺Ϊʩչ˺ͨʱȻֶ֮أ
Խľ룬ʵ̫󣬼سɴ磬޷һε
Ȼһж˵Ϊ⣬˿üͷĿһɨǰһƬǿ֮ϡ
֮ǰǺֵ֮ĵط
һ˿ԶϢ߳Ƭ̣ת뿪
˵֣һ·ۻص˶ʥڷΧڣٶлȻ֮ǰһĻǸ۵꣬ĳ
˭¶ɵͷһڵǿգ̧ŲƻصӰʧʱȻصȸʥ֮⡣
ûнȼյ򣬶Χѡһǣֽѡһɽϥ¡
֮ĺһԽԽľ֮ѹһץǰһѷ˲Ϣ֣һӣߵԪг֡
ûԥʶֱɢǻԹȥԪͷ룬̾дļƬαĳ
֮ɽƺ򣡣˫̾о¶Ŀ¶˼Ƭ̺ȴϲɫһ
ƺ򡭡ٴ̽ѰԪ䣬Ѱȥƺĵ·
ջʶ¶΢Ц
ƺĽṹ˽ȻͬǼΪʺҡǷ֮ɽ磬Ȼޡû뵽ĴɽڣΨƺĿռΪֻһ·ͿԴ͸ȥĿ˸һԪ񣬼ΪСĵİԪӡջشѷڡ
Ԫˮʦִڵ·ֻˡҪĲϲ̫Ѱֻо͸󣬾ͿֲáΪɭ׼һж޷Чôƺҵѡ񣡡
ֳĬƬ̣վӣ˿ȸʥڷ£͵ʥʵ֮ɾˡ졢ʬ˸ֻµͳĿģǶΪҪȥˮ㡭
ʵϣֻ¶һ룬һĿģǰȫ֮أûоȥʥ֮ɽʥʵļƻ
֪мƣмܿ͸ɫ¶һ˿Ȼֱȸʥڶȥ
ҪȥһΡ꣬Ǳ̫ʥ֮ѪӡĹħ죡
ʱ˿̣Ĳλܲڣȴо֮𣬾ķĴ󣬾ȻҲҵĲҪһ㣡
ͬʱȸʥȼյǴʥİɫʯϣʥ͵˫ۣ˫ĿͻһƬѪˮ
֣ң죡


1109 ʥʹ
ʥɲǣԶȼҪ̤ڵ֣Ȼһ͵̧ͷɫ̾˱仯
ͬΪȸʥʣͬ޾ͨʥ֮Ȼжصķʽûκԥٷڣһ֮±ͬǿıףȼ
̫죬һȼڣǰһسɴֱʧӰ
˲Ϣ䣬ʥڰɫʯʮʱһƬŤֵӰ̤һ۾ͿʥѪܵ˫Ŀ
ʥɢʶӦ־ͿԸܵҪʥʵĴڡ
ǰ¶ǰվʯϣſҪ˵Щʲôʱ˾ȴǧȴ˵
ʥ̧ͷźѪ˫Ŀһ˿âơ
ʦˮȷܲǰ˴ֱӵĹûˣ
ܲȻһ֮أӵ˵һȥ֮ɽ磬˾󲿷ִУǷһЩ֮ʼо
¿֪֮Щ̫֮شԲĴɽ磡
֣ȥʥʣȻ͵̫֮ΪҪǣȥʥѾ֮ʣһ˵ô໰ɵôϢ
̧Լüһ㣬Ԫ˲ûƮĿһۣ¶֮ɫ
֣Ϊ֮Ϸٰˡ˵ţԪɢ֮â˲;ͻ˴Ŀ֮⣬ɴ͸
תۼ䣬âʹﵽ˼£ǰһʱһ۾ͿʥʵԪ񣬻һƬ⽥ɢɢһ̣ʥԪ¶ѵꡣ
ɢλãƷ
һöɫ򣬻һӤȭͷСľ壡
⾧ƣܻɢ
ֳĬбŨĬĬʥԪʧ֮ã̾һһʥʵ
ʧȥԪȼ˻棬ջһȼյʯ񣬻ʥǰ붯
֣ʼյüģһ
˺󼸲˫ϥʯϣʥʵʯصĿͷһ죬أǰȸʥʣȴͷ֮л
ʥ˲䣬ȸʥڵĳϣȫܵдıĬĬķɳʥ֮׷׹£ᡣ
ʥʣ˼һ·ߺá
Ըʥ֮飬ӻȸʥڡ
أǣеȸʥˣȫܵصı֪ʥˡ
һ˹£ĬĬ
ʥʡһԷθһſ촫ԽԽߡ
ȸʥڼ֮ϵȸ񣬶һ̷һ౯˻
һֻöȸ͸ŲƣشʥʵʯڷɳԽԽԶʧǿڣޡ
߳ƣڰ׻ʥսʥʱѣʥʧٺ󣬴ʥڶȹΣͦȸʥʣȥ
һ̣ʥڡ׻ʥڡʥڵĳϣ׷УĬĬȸʥڵķһͬͬģڵˣҲ֮ݡ
һɱϢ˶
ҫȥڵ׷ֻΪ׷䣬Ĳڱ˵Ĺȥڡ˵С
ȸʥ֮ڣټʿӵ˵Ĵ£дΨһĴԶŵ֮ˣȸǣٽһɵĴ֮ڶʿ֮Уɢѹ
ǣʬڸǼ㳲ֱȸǣ䳤ضУһ߾߹ľʬڵӶߣԶԶȥʬ׶С
ľٶʱ˸Ĺע֮ǰõ˸̸֮󣬷׷ɳ
һʱ֮䣬ڷӿһɱǰĺڰϢֿ
һ棬򶫲ʥڣͬһֳϴˣȸǷȥڸʥڣľٶ
ڸȸǵͬһʱ䣬ȸʥڣڹʮϣ˴ϥɫȴ
ǻƳȦÿһ¶ͼʮ˵м䣬һһɴСԲ󷨣˿ڿտաȴʮ֧ɢʮ֮ӡ
ʮΧʥڴˣ֮£ǾϥҲ󷨣ʮ֮һ
ЩˣڵȴֻһǽһеͷԼڵԪ˳µӿ룬
˿̣ǿ֮УǰУʱǰȼյڣһƬλ籩һתʱŭ
ڻ籩ͣ£һͺȣ
һǷ籩һ٣ͬʱǰĻ籩Ȼƶ¶һ޴ķ϶϶ᴩ籩⣬˳ŷ϶һۿͿĿǱӰ
ֵһ£ʶ¶֮ɫ̾ͱѹȴ֮Ǳŭ
ɱǧɷǣүүˣӽû꣡εΣ£òȥԶŽ⣬Ϊ˵ͻͽѰĿʿ֮һ
˿̴ŭһ̾ͻһɳ̵󽣣ӣȻɽ˾޸Ϣ
һ֮£ǰĻΪ֮һˣʹ˳ѷֱӳת۾ͱƽ֡
ĿкһǴһۣǰһӣǿб޾Ԫ¡¡۶ǰһֱ֮ӳǴ󽣡
֮Ǵ󽣶ʱͱһĺˣȴģͺһΣһξȻ˾ŰѴ󽣣˴˽֮γһ󣬸һɽٴγ֡
һͷӣŷҪһΣֱǽڣ̧ǰһץ̾ץסһѴ󽣽С
ݺݵһ֮̾صȴ˰Ѵȫ߽⣬ϽȴûɢȻ˰˸޴ͷɶ
Щ˼Ŀ׹һȻ̾޾̺ɨͬߣǰ˸ͷҽУ׷ױ
д󽣣һʱ󽣾ʹ֮ڸŵ
ӣӣСӴˣǹģֻôûߴӢ˫ȫ˫޽Уǰ޹˺Ӣٷ˼˰Ÿ߰˶ѧ峵Ϊͨ׿ɾӣСĺôˣСˣһΪ㲻Ҫˣ㣬㡭ԵС˿ŵĻɢȻŲԣһԼ뵽Ĵȫ˳ҲΪ֮һ
ٴθܵٽֵ־ͬոֻһ̻ڽ֮ꡣ


1110 ٿ
죡һüͷ
̲˵ֻ⽣ȴǲİˣˣղŶǳͷԣȻҶɷǳ֣˵һӢħͷôô嶯أ
˷ȸһ䣬֣֮淴ֱĨȥ㽣꣡䣬ȴͬ磬ŵƽæ˵
Ӣû˵ֱ꣬һӣһ³ֵĴѷڣȥԽԽŵƨ֮
һʧӰ
ȸʥһϣɽʼϥ߷ƤѪڷ֮ϵؿ̻
̻Уɽһ̧ͷʱǰֲ֪ʱ֣ƽ
ˡɽĬƬ̣ɬĵ
ջĿ⣬Զ֮ƽ˵ѻָǣڳΪˡ
ɽϸǿɬҲд񣬴˶ɽǡ
ֳ̾ɽһۣ˵ʱߣ
ɽһ̧ͷ֣ĬƬ̣Цôġ
󣬾һֱ˴㣬زˡֵһɽ棬ǰԼҲиӡ
ɽ˵ͷȥһˡˣЩԼ֮⣬һΪţֱ١⣡˵ţӻóƤվӣĽ֡
ŷϡٵƤ񣬱֮ѰҪֹ
ɽӹƤңһ·Сģ
ɽ֣ͷǡ
ϿҵյĵӣչһٴĿɽһۣתȥ
һֱߺɽĬĬĹڵϣȥķһͷ¶㣬Ƥĺһǿա
˴֮ɽʥʣ˾ͽȻҪȥڶرϾδȫƳûнҩʼһ鷳
ûȥң˾ͽȻʮʥڳ֮վһǳЩΪ˾ͽ֮ˡ
˾ͽϥɫ࣬ȴǴ⣬ܰѶؽ⿪ҪһͬȥǷǸ˾ͽЩܵʹ࣬ҪʮٱĴӷȺŮһ
ȸʥڷΧڣһЩʺʿڵǣЩϳж֮ڻȼ£Щ
˿ֳ̣֮أһǣûаֲ鶼ϾΨһƬɫĻĮɢŨŨĸ¡
ںĮϣɸܵһ˿˿ڻƬɫĻĮһƽɽɽڡ
ֵǰһɽڣ¿ȥһƬڣΨ𣬴ְ׷˿
ְݼɵ¶λǰʶ𣬱ȭ˵
֮ɽ̾һâХֱֶ¶һ˿΢Цδ˺󣬶ĿĿȥ
ǽâٽʱͻһӰ˿꣬òӢɫȴǲ԰ף˿֣̿ͬ΢Ц
֣λǰѾ֪ȥɡӣ
˹ϵԲض˵໥һЦɽֱ·ȥ
ɽһ·棬Ȼ⣬ȥɫ糣˵ظտʼЩ̫Ӧȴް֡㡭˵Ϊ˾ʥʣԥһ£ʵ
ҡͷɫй˵˾ʥ⣬ɵص飬ֻѣ˪ɾлḴ
Ŵ˻ɫ¶֣м˵лл
ɫиӣҡͷһ漴뵽ʲôɫҲ³ң񡭡ֻ㣬ȴûа֮ˡܴܣﲻ㡣
ֳĬû˵
ʱȻɽײȴײԴ֮ͨתǬȻ˸¶ٳһԴ֮
һСʣ֪δӱ߲ԶмľݣϻһƬݣڻмʢ֮׺
ΡϥںӱߣЦŶ԰İº꣬һӰ㣬˫ںζʱˮˡ
֣λǰ˴˵ظµıϺվһԣıȭ
ΡһۣЦ˵ȥ͵Ϯӵԭ򣬷Ļģ
԰ĺ΢΢һЦ·˿Ц֣飬ǺܷǾȥ͵Ϯһܶء
¶΢ЦҲ֪ΡԼ֮һս׽ȻԼˣй͵Ϯ֮£ΡҲǺ⡣
˿ԣͣΡձ㲻ѯʴ¡
֮أɵ˵Ԫᾧ˪֮ѪкУΨ˵ͣһ£Ρ
Ρɫͷ⼸Ҳһµɽ磬ȴǵʦɵ֮֮ǰҲ֪㣬ˣĪǡΡ֡
ֳĬ̾аʥȡ꾧֮˵ΡΪ֮ݣǺҲǲˮЬӣվΡߡ
໥ۣΡȸʥ֮ٳģʥ磬Ҷ˿ɰӪȣҲ㱨ȸʥȡ꾧ݡ
ֵ˵ͷΡ˼򵥵ʰһ£һͬ뿪ֱǿնȥ
صΡﱣ档
ȸʥ֮ϣ֮˿˶ĬĬĵȴʱͻȻĵХת۾ٽ֮ϣΡˡ
ֲͣ٣ֱһ̤мڣϥ˫Ŀؼ侫һͺȵ󣡡˵ţһץǰһѷ֣ƮһƵĽᾧ
ͬʱ˵Χʥڵ˫ĿһգΪӿֱ󷨣̾һһѸ˸
ﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬶ʱ˳󷨵ӣʮµУţʮҲɢ⣬ǼͬʱΪת֮УںӵԪʮݣмӿȥֱǽᾧ롣
˲Ϣ䣬ǽᾧ̱ǿľ⣬ϸһ޷˼һֱӳһ㲨ܲϵɢ
к¡֮ţȸʥϿգĴˣһ˲䣬ڣдﵽһΪʿȫܵǿе󲨶Ϥһ۾֮ܿɽ磬
ͬʱһ֮ɶȻȻĻû֮ڸ䣬ֻǣ졢ʬڡ˸ص㣬ȻȸϣͻȻ򿪣𾪣ȴϾǰȥ
ҵΪǰ磬ʹ紦ڲ֮УΧı˷ӪʥʣҪ죡»һλһ磬ֱŶȥʮϷ׷׷ȥ˾ͽϡΡҲ֮һͬȥ
һˣֶϾȥһ磡ˣŮʬ
ͬһʱ䣬Զ򱱲һƫԶУͻȻ𶯣ʮѿƮһ׷ԲԵߣ˰׷סףòǰ˸ȴһ궦û
֡ӲϷļ㣡
˿з紵ǰҷ¶òȻǡ
ӣ


1111 ɭ
峿ģڴɢ˺ڰǽʹƳǴ֮УһҼӷ׷׿ţǳĳʳС֣ߺ֮
Ǵӹмƿһ¶İɣж֮Сԣʹֵÿÿ峿֮ʱС
ˮɽ̯Ǿƣ峿ҵľƣ嵭ˬڣ²ˣˬҲܻӭ
Ѯˮɽ̴һԣżƲϵæµƵϣ¶΢Ц
һλոմһƵ꺺ӣ˻ľƺһڣϺЦ壬ƣζûǰĺˣǲȱˡ
Ϻ۾һɣһ̴ߵ˵ҵľơ
ûϺ˵꣬꺺ӾЦҵľƣǿǧഫ˵ʱ򣬻һλƷ̾尡Щ㼸ÿ춼Ҫ˵һ飬ãһҪȥɻ߶ˡ꺺žƣЦ뿪ˡ
С֪ɶҵľƣĵȷȷһǧǰһλƷʮ꣡Ϻݺݵĳһ̴
񻹹żľľӵһǧʷ̵Ƴڵĵһһ沿ģˣ
ңһ˵ﴫ⴫˵У磬Ƴ֮ˣһѩǨƶ
Ǵ˵л˵ҵ棬λһסʮ꣬Ǩ˵Ĵˡ
ţһʮ꣬ȥǰλˣ´ഫܼٵˣϺ۾ڵϿ˿̴̧ͷգɫΪԺ
ܿ죬۾ϸĿգŴ͡
Уԭգգ˲Ϣ䣬һȦȦۿɼľ޴ͬһܺɨȥ
к¡¡ͬصϣɲǾʹֵĽֵ̰˶̧ͷգ¶š
ţǲϵػصܳĲƹһȻʳ֣ͬһһѸٽ٣
Щɵƿյ㣬һʿ
ɡˣϵһˣʱһ̲һЩæڷﲻҳ
ҪЩˣȥħϣһϵͬصͬʱЩٵʿûͣԶ۶ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ȸǵգλþһĻ֣յľ䣬˷۹ľţ׷״գӲ֪Ǻá
Щ˲δԷ֮κ˺Ǹһ־Զȥ
ȸϵıʿȻҲһĻȴûһ˸ҷһ䣬ЩΪ˻ӤʿҲ˿ң
Щһռ۶ʿóһΪǸ˵лв٣һͿ˱һ㡣
ȸϲʶʿҲգ𺳣
̩ɫһڣֻмһԶԿģϢ
Щʿ˵෽УȴûȸǵıʿԼٶȣֱħȥ
գһĳڸǣƬ̺һ޴Ӱϻ֣Զߵ̫˿ҲһӴӰסأشڰڰ֮С
һӰȻһɵĴûнȸϣǻȸǿУϾȸȻǰ޷ɴʱز
ЩӰ֮󲻾ãһľ콵٣ЩľдСܸŴʿ
ǰħ;УȻʿһ۾Ϳ˵һӴĵǵڣڡ
һԸʿССϾȻӴĵϸһ֮Щ죬һʱҲû˼̫࣬һ·֮ʱּ̧Ҫȥ
ֽҪµɲǣһŮ
ס֣
ʿһ㶣ͷȥӷǺ⣡
˵Ůӣӷɨʿһۣƽ˵ϸǵ̣˭
˵ţ㲻ȥʿǸӵĿһǵ̾ԶԶȥˡ
ʿüͷǵȥԽԽ죬Ƭ̺˫͵һʧǡƷľ
ѾȡƷɵʸ񣬵ɵһսպգǶ̶̼Ϳ
ʿͷƤ飬֪ľħӣɱ¾죬Զǣһ˵֮£˿Ҳδ̫һЩǶ˵ת̼۶ߡ
ϳģӵˣʬ֮ˣһ£ûκƻǵ뷨
ʬڣ죬ˣȸǣڸԻõϢ£ֱħȸǱͲЩʿļ˲Уܿͳħ
ʵϸȸʿ࣬һ𲻵ǧˣǸĵһ̽ߣϾָ򣬾ܿŶȼ󣬵֤
ʿȸǿУ˴˱ݷĵȴһߴصϢ
֮صнƣһ̽ʿûκãһ·ֱٽЩʿǻĽƣ˹֮ڵ˲䡣
ԲεĹȦڣ̾һ˻ڽ֮صĵһؿǼûоͷԨУԭƯһ׶εľʯ˿̣ЩʯһȻ߽⣬·ڵԨУһ˫˫۾Ȼ˸
⵱Щɥ֮أ˿˲֪ޣھĵȴ
ħڹ֮ڹȦдһܵʿΪ֮һ٣ȴûֹһʿһֱ̤Ȧ֮ڡ
޾ԨУһʿӰֵ˲䣬һâ·ԨһʿҪжʱȻһǿĳɫֱӴ·˲Ϣʿϡ
һʱƬ̣ƬУâٽȴһͷԼɵľ޴çһھͰʿɡ
һٶһɱźţһȻԨһͷͷ޷ĳ½ʿչ֮
һʱ֮Ѫ꣬Ԩ֮ػ޸Ũ棬ԽԽʿĳ룬ɱ֮Ԫľ޴󲨶ؾԨ֮ǵҲδ̽ĵطһ˯ĴڡѪĿ⣬ƺԴ͸룬ңңĶϷһȺȺʿ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ڲһƬѪУһ޴׶ʯ֮ϣһͷ췢ɭָڵỬ̶̧ͷ沿͸һ˿Ц̧֣Աߺݺݵһץ


1112 
һץ֮£ɭڵѪȻ˲ѪˣϵѪҵķŭ
ɭԱߣѪɫһ̸ŤһҪڳƶ֮£Ȼһѷһѡ
ѷ֮ڳֵ˲䣬һ޷ɱǱѹ꣬һйʹѪΪ֮
һѹѷڲϵؽ٣Ѫѹͷ٣ɢȥأХѷԵ
ɭ̧ͷ¶֮ɫɳƵ촫ʥìɭ֮٣
һѷȻص⼱˸£ֻһâһֱɭֶȥ
ɭһץס
âƬ̺ȴֹͣһ˳Լɵĳ쳤ìϣһ裬ɢ޷Ϣ
Ŵìɭ¶Ѫ֮Цǰݺݵһף¡һ춯ص죬ìһȻֱӴ͸ѪɫգնҪ
Ѫɫʱ䣬ìٶȸ죬͸˹֮عؿԨ̫֮죬̺һʿĲ֮Ŵì֣˸Уͬһֱ˵Щɱʿȥ
ЩʿһìֵɲǣδüӦȻҽ֮ȿն
Ǻһ䣬ٽʿһӺȻһƬѪ꣬Ѫȴûɢ뱻Ǻգ
ì£ûκʿԵֿ˸䣬ǧʿȻһ룬µʿ޵ɱУ˲أֻвһǧ˴ŨŨľżɢ
Ǻ⻷Ƶìδ׷ɢʿǺһ˴˵صգӹ֮ڹȦ
˹֮أħ˲䣬ȸǺȻһһ޷ݵİϢ̾;
ԪǰҪڽڰˣì֮أԪͲڣ
⻯˸ìħͬһʣδì̺ѣʹì谭ĳǿգ
ʥڸһΣ߳ǿգ
ȸĸͬһʱ׷׸ܵһϢҪжìֱٽһɴ
âһì͸ǴкȻƬܺɨìûͣ٣͸֮£һɴ
ʬڣҲ˼Ĵһľì͸ڵʬҲǻԵ£Һۣ
˸ǲأìȺһ·󣬲ҽ𣬷ٽ֮һ
УȻһϸ
ϸƾڵΪΪֹìƬ̣˫ͨƵ˲䣬ìֱһͨϸؿһϸ¶ţͷֻһۣӾͺȻԪȻҲɢ
˫ĿͫһͬߵڶɳֱìȥһߣʬͬʿΧì
ЩͨʿҪΧ˲䣬ìȴǵתԶԶ뿪ֱȸǣת۾ͻâصħ˳Ź֮룬ʧ
ΨһɳƵìȥɲǣصأǿգ
ǰ
ǿһƬӵɫأڶߣɫ԰ף¶֮ɫ
⡭ʲô
˵棡Ŀ˸˷ǰΪ֮˵Ҫȥ
һӵͺȵʿϷȸǣ˵ţһֱȸǶȥڶʿ׷׻ȥ
ʬĬƬ̺һʯĦ
ʬڣʬڣӵһʿһ߾߹ײģֱȸǶȥǰİˣȫǺƣɢŨŨѹ
˸ԥƬ̣δȫȥǱһڸԵϴ£֮ȸǣ
ͬһʱ䣬֮һƬޱ޼ʵԨУ֮زŵĴڣش·
¶ģΣ
ӰֻɣԼ͸Σһ׳˵񺳶ģ׳Ĳӣ
׳Ĳʮ˵֧Ȼʮаɳͬһ㣡
ÿһ֧ϣһͷͷ­Ů٣һۿȥ׳ˣһֻصǿޣйشޣ̫֮ʱд˵⴫˵δؿţҲֻһͷ
̫飬ΪΣΪ컯ճ꣬ɲͷ­ѪʬڵһޣΪ
ʱһͷһΣɳһͷͨһ˯㡣
ʱ˿̣֮ɽڣ֮صĹȣȴһͣؼ䲻ϳֵѷصĲ
һˣΪȫԳܵķΧһ룬ʹһƬ̮γһɾ޴ʹƬ俿£
վ֮·һϤƬ˫¶˼вϵػ£ҵ˵괫֮Ƭ
߻ʮˣһĿȫϣ˷ӪʥʣȫֺϾȸʥʣҪģΨһ˲֪ʥʱ֮
һΣбֱ֮·ȥٶûͣͣһ·ۡ
˵޷̫ͣãΧı˵Ǿʥʣص飬ҲṦһ
ʶһбҪ죡
һȫ֪һ·ۣȴûչȫٶȣһº͵ķʽͼǰС
һ·ϲûκʿʿͨ궦ǰһＫΪȶʱԱ״̬ҲͷƤѡ뿪
ʱ䲻ѷԽԽ֮࣬ԶԶȻһƬУǵ괫֮Ƭأ
ļǵãǺ֮ǴһӿͬһѴɽڴ˿̤ڴϣʶһɨ̾ҵ˵Ǵɽ壡
һΣѸٷȥ
ԽԽʥڵļϣ˿ɫǵȴһ죬Ѿ̫̫ã
ԽԽǺʧ˿̵ǣлûʧģҲ
Ƭ̺ԶԶһɽ壬ڣ
˺֮ǰһָ
Ǽʥڳһֱɽȥ
ҡҡڽɲǣһ΢ĴɽڴͣܵˣȴǶţû
ǡȣĿһʵ


1113 Ա
գһƬɵģ·ĻҳڸǣʹôҲЩģһռѷʱһÿһγ֣ʹܵĻҳѸһЩѷڡ
ԶԶģƵľ촫ʹյĻҳ类ɨƶ
ЩһƬ
ֵʱصǰʥڳϣҲ̽Ųһ٣˲俴֡
ȸʥʴˣ㡭ʲôʥһλ׷ԲԵĳϣ
üϸһȣȻ֮⣬ˣû
˾ͽΪ˽֣˿̿üһƽĿڵûκ
ǻþ޷ҡͷȥ¡
ǰǼʥڵĳ໥ۣû˵һԾֱɽȥں󣬽ǰС
ʼüͷԽԽɽ壬µϢֶȻΪ˵סľʥʣԽǽӽ֪ΪΣн˲
ʱͻȻǰһʥڳϼ
ʥʴˣǿӡʥڵͨľӡƮڰգǰɽжαһƬݲݸ֮ء
һʥڳٽǿݲһӡɽڵӡ
ɽ壬ʥʣ⼸λɢ˫֮ȻƬ֣֮⼸̾ͱΪͬʱӰûһХУ⼸ֱӳɽ壬⣬·Ҫɽİ
𣡣ʥڵĳһȣʱ֮صؾҵĲɽʯɽ䣬
𣬽֮ʱХصȴǼǰ޴ɽ壬Ȼֱ̧磡
ʥڡ׻ʥڳ϶ʱȥ˫֮£̾޷֮ǼʥڵĳʱӰûɽײһ㣬ʹɽ֮£ٴ̧ߡ
׻ʥڵĳѸ£һͨǣɽ塣أɽԽ̧Խߣص𶯸Ӿңд֮ҲΧĻص
ȸʥڵĳȻҲ⣬ȥ֣֮ͨҪɽһȫ̧֮ʱ
һ˲䣬һɽȻֱӴ͸ɲǼ䣬һɽڴ͸֣ҫܡ
ת֮£ɽĽȻһɣʹɽͷ·̺һ̫㣬ڽɢ˲Ϣһ޴Ľسɽ֮ϣԶԶȥһĻΪˣ
ԼɴСһƬ˸УһӵĽɫϣһܲϵɢγһɽɫĹˣܺȻƶʥڵһϣʱͱɽܣϵȥ
˿̣Ρǽ¶𾪣໥ۣٴȷԼûпһԥûж˵ȥ
û˵ͨǣɽٴλ½
ʥ֮ĪҪȥɽ壬ֻɽ̧ɣ˽ǵɵӡӡĲϷһˣҪһҲųһ˲䣬һдŽĺ֮̾ʹɽ´һΣֻһ˿ˣȫ֮
Ǽʥڵĳ϶ʱӾҵĲһΪߣ̼ʧʥʣʥʵ
ֻͷһΡ꣬ȭλǰ
˳ĬƬ̣Ρ̾һ˵󣬵ȷʦϢˣ˵ţһ˦̽±ƻûֱȥ
갵̾Ρ󣬶̾ٽǽ
ٳֻܱպһϢʱ䣬Ǿˣ˵ţ̾Ǻܸ˴ĽƣЩһɢĹ⣬֮ͳ
ΡǰһӣǰʱһƬˮûֳںÿһ֮⡣
˿̣ʥڳûκԥǼ˫ʱͨͬʱʥڵĳϣ׷׻ܣͨʱûγһɻԵҪ֪ʮʿۣͨ˵ɽ壬²ȵ磬Ҳȫ
һ׼ֻһϢĽرգ
ϥڰգ˫һָʱܵĽˮȻȻǰһɢ޾Ĺľ޴Կף
ֱŽȥתۼ䣬޴Կ׾ٽƿ⣬˽֮ڣ˲ϢУǽɢĹâ̾Ͷһ£еĽ⣬ɲǼϨأʱްڣ
ˣΡһͺȻ
һϢʱ䣬ڷ˵ֻգۣϹ˵ʩչͨ
һͨâ䣬ɽ壬Ȼ䣬Ͱɽϲϵ̧𣬺֮صУɽ̧ߣɽɵصǼ֮û˽ѹ̧ҲѰ
һɡɡɣ
ת֮£ɽͱ̧ɣԽϣɽڴĺѹԽ̧ɶ࣬ɵ˲䣬һϢʱţ
ؼٴγ֣Ǿ޴ĽһλûڵԿףʱΡڽˡ
֣ȻһɰѹɽĽ٣ʮϹֶʱ͸ܵŨŨѹͺͦסʱһХɽ·һһɽ·ľҪ
ڣȻһ𣬼ΪǱߣɫȴǳ˼ۿҪһ˲䣬ڴ˴Ƭգӿ֮£ɵնʱɢȴһȻû
һ£вϣ˫Ŀ̺أһ֣̾ʹΪҡ
Ϸʱ򣡡ߣȻӣ֮һ֮¾ֱɽٽ˲䣬͵̧ͷ֮ǰовȴֲɽڻ硣ʶһֱûԳ֡
˿̿ٴ˫ĿһۻĿ׹ݺᣬ˲Ϣǰγһһһ֮£̱׶תۼͻһƬ˸׹Ļ𺣣ֱӶȥ
ͬʱΡ˸ָͨӣ
Ӵһ˦һɷȻǰ̾ûֱǰȥΡͨٽɲǣһ¶΢Ц˫̾һɻ֮ȴ˲Ϣ䣬ȻԱ
̻֮صӵķԱʱγһɷĳܺɨҲͰˣǣȻҲһ̣¶΢ЦͬʱѡԱ
ĸƼܻ壡˭شҶ֪ˣͻʸ񣬶񰡣


1114 ͻ
Աγһ޷ĳȻ䣬𶯴ﵽ۷壬ΧĿʼ˱ı̾һ޴ѷǶȴ⴦Ƭʹѿ
֣ϷȳʥʣӳЦУԱ֮ĳʹΡ˺޷ǰĻᣬһֱӾͳʮʿİΧڣЩʿ޷˻һ磬Ȼɽ֮£
ͬʱɽ̾к֮ȴڽѹ£Ȼûм³תһٴ̧ɣ
һɽ̧Ȼɣﵽ˽ʮɣ
ߣ͵ؿӣ¶֮âȴû˵⻷һֱɽײһ̵֣ͺȣʥˣչȫͨٵɽ
˵ţ̧źݺݵһģһɵľ޴ûһɲɣ֮УߵһģʱſڣһȻֱɽȥ
ܵʥڳϣûԥ׷չͨһֱ֮ɽ壡
˿̣صѷԽԽ࣬һƬʼ̮֮ڣܵĿռѷӣҪɡ
֮춯أʥгϵĹ£ɽ̾ͲƬʯ䣬ϵĽƺҲ˲ȡ
ԽʥɫԽΪѿ
ʱһЦɽڴɽȻһѷֱӴмƿӴһ¶ļһȭͷСĺɫѪҺЦֱӳա
ǻûĽȻ仯һƬ⣬ֱ׷ӣźɫѪҺϣӡһ㡣
һӸͲ⣬֮ʣ·Ĵغݺݵһģ֮£ⱾͱĴأ˲Ϣ͸Χıһ޴г·ޣת֮̾ͰһƬɷ飬ȫڡ
һ֮£Ǵ˵һƬ֮ɽ磬ͲȶĻϣյ߽⣡
ؼƵϵش磬統׽һ½ı
֣ϷҪлһ·ΪԵҶٴʱϷܳӿЦۿҪԶȥոʥ˫ۺһһָûſһʥַ£Ȼֱӳɶȥ
˲䣬ʥؿһģһѪһѪڣȻȫ̻Ѫ⣬Х죬ת۾ٽԶӣһɶȥ
֮̾أɢ֮У׳üķӡ˺Ѫ£ʥʣɳƵЦʥǿʥʣˣһ֮ٴԶȥ
ܵҪ׷ʥҡͷߣ˺ΪǱ˻ֵ̫࣬Ϸ̫ã˿Ҳǿ֮ĩ
һʥгȫǡ
ȸʥĿϣ˵
ֵͷȭʥʣ
ʥã˵ͷ˵ʥѪϷͲ˵лˡ
֪Ӵɽȡ֮ʲôüͷƽ˵
֮ѪʥĿΡϣͫһ˵
֮Ѫֵ
Ϸӵոձ֮һǰΪɽĴ뷨ȴ˺ܶصĶɽ֮Ա٣ΪЩĴڣʥ˵䣬˵رԽԽң̷ɳϲϷȥ
ɽɵطӡãɽƽѷ죬ӹƻһͬڣ⣬ұʼ޷
ΪӡĴڣҵĺ֮Ψ֮˲ſʥʷ˵һۡ
˵ˣɽ£ȴǷһѪҺҲطӡ֮о֮£ʼղ֪һֱϷ˵˥٣ʱ״̬ͲܶȹΣ֮£ѪҺʥ¶һ˿־塣
һڣҾͻԹȥʱ˵˥ȻȹֻǷӡ£ûκ֮ڣϷе˥Ϊȴʼ޷ֻǷӡ£
ʲô֮ѪַУܸоѪҺϢЩϤԼԼõǰ֮ϵѪ⣬Щơ̺һ˿֮ذǹͷ­ڻõЩ֮
ҪʵɵˣʥĿΡϡ
ԭΡ¶ɬ֮ǰһֱ²⣬ɽԭ򣬴˿ʥʵĻеĲ²⣬һ˿ȷ
ɽƽǰһҵʱ䣬֮ɽڣк£Ѫ̺һ֮ʦ֮Ϊ֮Ѫһԣ˵
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ʦȴΪҲһ飡ڹϵԶʱдţΡ
ûҲˣ֮ȻѪЩ֮ѪʦѼϵ֮󣬾ֻȭͷСһţڼʦ¹һЩ֮ˣȫ̻һƬѪˮ˺Ҳٸ֮Ѫ˵Ρǹɨһʥʡ
𺳣һĻĻδŹ飬ɵõ
ʦΪɽڽΪ֮ѪôڣٵĻ֮Ρһۣ͵ȷ̫ţǰһˣôˣķѺ䣬ԪҲƬ£ôͿˡܣҲͬ۵㣬ʦо֮õһ²⡣
̸Уڲϵգڵһƽ̨֮ϣһһºʥʳ֮ѪʿȻһָƣȴ֪֮Ѫѱҵһ룬ʣµЩ֮ԴСһΪ̺һЩϷѪҺҵҪԴ
ʥһ˿Ӱ¶΢ЦЦУɵһ
ȸһʥڣΪҽһЩʥڵıʣֻ˵أʥʣȻȥʥƽûκĲ
ֲɫ˺һٽΡˣǰҪȥʱ޷صʥڡ
Ŷʥʿ֣ĿбӣƬ̺ʥһͷ˵Ҳã
˵꣬תһ֮£ֱ̤ƽ̨֮ӴţʥڵĸϣȫȥΨиˣͷһۣԥȥȸʥڵĳϣҲˣ
ȸǵûʱȸ̫ʥͻأԶԶأʥûκβ


1115 
һֱʥȫȥȻĬĬվƽ̨ϣߴ·粻ϱĺֶֻ֮ȴǺᣬȲеĸӡ
ʥʣҪȸʥʵĶ֮һΪʥһǿߣʹʥڿڽУԼȥ
ȸʥڣ׼ȷ˵˸һЩϣߣûаԼĵʥʣΨЩСˣӵһЩ
Ǹ㹻ʱ䣬ĸı䣬ֻǣɭĲȴǲϵرƽһûǸʱ䣬ȥֻẦȸʥڣʥ֮
ʥʵû׷ɱһĻʼ־ףʥĻ֮ԼԴĦ
һ֮ּΪ𾪡
ֻЩȲʥ뿪ǰһ仰һ仰׵ĸ֣ʥʿֵ˼ûκȸʥʵݣ˵⣬ֻȸ̫ʥ
ʥʱ뿪磬Ҫͻʥڣ
̫ܳ࣬Ǹո̫ʥȥھҪߣ¶ɬһʵϱûκζ˵֮ˣϾȸʥʣȻñʥ
ʵҲûռΪУʥʼգȻһ䵱ʥ֮£ˣ˵ʥ֮ʥһƽ顣
һ㣬мΪӣ
˵ȸʥΪʥʹ࣬һһʥڣǵ׻ʥΪʥսʬδҵһУʥϣǼΪƽ֮¡˿û֪ıҪ
˾ͽϰ̾ǰּ˵ʲôʥڣѺ߳ǿգ񲻿գ
ֿЦ˵ͷ
ʦ˵֮ѪΪ֮в䣡ʥʣһ֮Եǵһˬĺӣһ˵֮ѪʶΡ̾˵
˵֮Ҳȴûдߴ֡
ֳ֪̾ʥһ仰˵𣬴ӽԺʥڣûκιϵ˵УҲֻʣУȸʥʵĸж
̧ͷԶ°ڣ˵ϣ֮ڣصĿͷ
ʥʣǣаպȸʥѣҲȥһ̧֮ͷϡʥȥһĻǴգƣһεӡĵס
ѹ̫ʥ޻Ի͵ĿܣҪʥڡôͲҪǿˡʥʵĻصֶߡ
ĬĬվӣ˿Ρ꣬ƽ˵ǰȥɡ
ܳΡ꣬˾ͽ⣬ŮʬʼվԱߣĸ档
֣㡭ϾŮԣ֮ǰһĻִ֪˿̶ȻкǸӡ
û¡΢΢һЦڸԼеꡣ
ΡͷԾֱƽ̨·ȥ꿴һۣΡ˾ͽٽԱߣٴּ򣬶һͬȥŮʬһֱ档
ıϵسһ·洦ɼһ̮ƬһЩƬѾ׵ʧһӴУ˺һЩʯ
֮صȴûӰ˵ٶȣ˿ȻѾˣҲͷſٶȣ缲ۣһ·߿ա
ΡĿ磬Ѱӡ֤жڵɽļ䣬һƬıУһ˫Ŀһ
ӦþˣΡһָ·
Ŀ£ȴһ˵ƬҲڱ֮Уȴ·ԼһƬ½
ˣ˱飬˵أϤȼ̩һս
ƬһЩصյķλصƬеһΡһ̧߽ͣһ
һɫˮʱû··ǱƬͷɨҶں֮ɢ
¶·صƬ
ûͣ٣ֱӻƬ½ϣ˵ҲڱĸܵĲʶɢԿƬıԵڲϵʯһѷڵĲ£
ʱ䲻ˣȫ˵ؽΪһ޴УһжڡΡҽһ̤ΪģԲ֮ڵĴغȻѣʯڳɢ
ɵ³ʱʹ͸һƬչǰģص֮µһƬ
˵ز󣬱Ȼδ̫ĶҲлֻͣʶһɨΡȴû﷢
·ȻƬҽٴһ̤֮УƬϲһʼ˱һɲǣΡɫȻһ䣬һ˦̾;˼ٺˡ
˺˲䣬֮ǰΡ̤֮洦ѣȴûаʯɢ·ȥƬ̾ʧӰһ޴УȻͳ֮ء
һƬڣȴǿԿ͸µУһƬ½׵ıǴ½ıУһͨɫδа𻵣Ʈȥ
ںɫУɫĴۡ
Ρ˫Ŀʱһ̷ɳֱжȥ˽ͬȥֶڵɫĿת
˲䣬Ǿͳڣ̾͸ܵһӴǻ֮ǰЩǱҪΡ£Ŀһȫ𺣣ͬһˣһ֮¾ѳУֱƮԶɫȥ
˴˿Ҳ߳УֱɫΡм֮ɫȴһ죬Ѿ̫̫á
ɫƯٶȣȻȲˣܿͱ׷ϣվǴԱߣɵ𶯡
ܲǺܸߣ⻷£ȴǳһϣǴ֮ϣһɷġࡱ֣͸ŨŨѹ֮
Ρһ̤˴£̧һƣ֮ţش򿪣һ͸ǰޣҲȾɫ
Ŵ֮ŵĴ򿪣˽ȥ
һƬտΨеһɢ˸ϡ
ΡɫΪ˿ܣĿ˵֮ϣ꣬Ǹһվԣ˿о꣬ɫ˱仯
Ҵδ󷨣֮Ч˻壡
ɵóͬͷĿϣ˵
Ρһץǰ̾һѷ֣ڻطɳ
ͬһɫףֻü֮ϣһѪ㣬˫ĿգûκϢ


1116 
ΡСĵİպָ㣬м䣬̧ͷ֡
Ҳϻͬ˺ռѷ죬˪ɳһʯ֮֡
˪ɵͷԶ˵
仰ڵͬʱȻٿ˪ʬض棬⸸ŮԣһС
һ˲䣬˪ɳľʯһǣԶ˶ͷ­м䣬ɢ⣬󷨵ںϣɲǣȫӳա
Ρ˿ۣϥߡֲ˷ԸԽ󷨵оҲһЩߣ˪ԡ
ȱһˣɣϾ˪ʶΡѹеļƽ˵̧ٴһץʱ䴢ѷڣɳһ⣬
˪ɫ¶ͣΡķԸϥ˪ԱߣֻĿ⣬ʼղ뿪˪
ʼɣҧ´кǽţûʱȥϸоܷɹûаա
ֵ˵ͷ˾ͽŮʬڵ˾ͽǻ
˾ͽɫҲͷģ
ŮʬַԸֻһͿֵ
ź˫һָȥʱһâмǾʯ֮ϣȻ⾧ʯȫ֡⾧ʯȸʥھóΡоȻΪϤ
ͬʱ̧˪ֱһ㣬˪ֱ۾һ˿ڳ֣Ԫ뼷ѹ֮£һѪƳǾʯ֮ϡ
Ա߿һĻ϶ʱ¶̣һۣȴҲû˵ʲô
˿̣ʯ˪֮Ѫȫ
Ǿʯ˪֮Ѫбкâ˸ܣ֮صȴ˿ļ
һ˲䣬˫Ŀ磬ĿţһָüѪͺȵʥ֮Ѫգ
һüĵѪ䶯һüֱַûʥ֮ѪӡһɺȻ沿ħ
ֻһֱڣҲǺ¿ȴûκʹѵļ󣬷ȫħŨƺǹħ죬Ҫٴγ֣
һĻʱʹΡɫ䣬ҲɫͲȥעһУֻĬĬ˪
ԣһȱһЩʲô˵
ȱʲôΡɫ֮Ȼ޷ݣ̫ȴһ̣Ҫһ
ɫ԰ףħӵأ¶Ц
ɫĶѾˣһȱ¿ȥظͲѣѵģֻǹħ죡
ǾʯѸתƾ˼Ҳʼ벻ףȱʲô
أ㣬ѾȫֻΪλˣּҧгݣ˿ûй˼صݣƬ̺ħѣôˣǶҪڴˣ
̧֣һָʥѪҺҪٴγԷӡأֻûʥʵΪܷӡûаգ
ʦ𣡣ȱʲôΡվӣɫ͸࣬˿Ҫһ㣡
ȱˡǲǡȱ֮˵ġѪҺʱһԥ΢ش
͵תȴŮʬȻһο˵Ŀ̵ͷ
һĿ⿴ŮʬΡҲ뿴ȥ
˵ȥֳ
֮ǰ˵ɽɵ۶Ů˵Щ϶ողѧ˵һѡ
кȻ绮˵תҧ⣬ֱһѪǾʯ֮ϣͬʱϵħ֮Ũﵽ۷壬ħħӰǹħ죬ƺ֮С
ѪǾʯɲǣ󷨺Ȼ֮Ȼ˸ȻٵתһӴ˲䴫Ρ̾͸ܵڵţֱӱգֻƬ̣˾ɫ԰ףΪ
ڵͲ࣬̾ȫߡ
Ǿʯ֮ӴֱۣӾͰѽҪ͵ħӰȻɢͬʱ룬ȻͻȻ
ֻоǰһʧȥʶΡ꣬ȫˣ
ǻָ֮ʱǰһ˫ĿһһƬɫĺ󣬺沨ӿ˻Ĵ򣬸к紵
ˣһ
㡭
͵תһ֮£ȴǵƮһŮӣŮһѩ֮ĶǣһŨŨߣͿԸܵ塣
ˣȻ𾪣ǰŮӣȴ̫ϤŮ֮Ů֮ɾ˪
㸴ˣʶʵ
ʱŮӺϧ
ƽ˿ܣ˵ǡ
ҸʶŮɫƽ·ĺɫƽ˵
ʱڶ˲ԶȻ֣أΡ˻ûһ۾Ϳ˪ɫ¶
˪ã
Ρ˪Ҳһ£Ŀ¶ο˵ԭδɢһʦͨѡ
˪Ρһֻۣڿʱ¶΢ЦδܴɽҴ棬˪ϲ
˵䣬Զٴ˸ȴس֣һ֣Ӳճյ˪ɫ૵öö
Ŀ⣬˪üͷɫ纮˪֣˵㻽˭ö
һɫҡͷɬ˵öѾˡ
üͷƽ˵Ҳ֪γΪ֮꣬Ϊ꣬ҲĨȥʸ񣬿ٺԺҲΪ꣡
һһشؿڣɫ԰˺󼸲ɬŨȴû˵ʲôǵǡ
֪öѾһУ꣬Ҳֻһ˿Ĳл꣬ǲлȻɢؼ䣬˿ʣµģ˪ö
ֻǣǰǧصգһ޷ʹȴ˺һ㣬Ӳϵز޷ơ
ʹ·ȫʹ޷ܡ
ǧأǧĵȴһֱζԷѵһգ£˪벻ɣȴַһĴ֮ľ룬ҪңԶ
䣬һ־룬ǡ
üͷҪ˵ȴʱҡҡͷΣҲȥöһУĸԸǧǰˣΪһʬ壬ʦţʹöʦŭɼ
һǧǰҲˣΪһʬ壬ȼ꣬ԼҲö
˿̣ˣǰöѾİܷ·ûκ˼صĿܣλľ޴࣬һǧǰǧǰġ


1117
ĿɬصУԼҲ֪ΪΣһ˿˿ʹܿ죬Īʹͱѹ£ٲȥһۡ
ΡһУ̾һ֪ˣֻȴ̸Щ˽ڵһĻĻΡȻȫš
Ҫ˵
ʱͻȻ·ɫĺȻŭ˹ܲϵƶħ̺ɨ֮䡣
ʱ˵ǰУ޾ħӴգ۳һӴĹħħ̫ԶԶȥ֧أ޾ħħ㻷ƣһص
ħ죬˿˫Ŀͨ죬ü֮ϸһ˰̣ħӿʱ֮
ʶڣҲһҪŭ̧޴֣֮˲ץ
֮춯أ޾ħƣԶԶȥͷһƬƴҪɣ
ʱ沨ٴηȴǴһɳһˣ꣬һ£òӢľɷǣϣһɲŭ֮ɫ
ʦ𣡣ڴ˶˲䣬Ρ̼
ס˪ɫͣ˵
ˣɵأɫأһͷǰһӣ̾һɿȻ𣬻һ籩ɨֱץĹħһ顣
֮̾춯أǹħ̱ͨĿ磬Ҳʹ߽⡣
أڣΪλӱħħ壬ԳԽ㵱ںϣкβãħŭ𣬱ұ˲Ϣͻָ
ؿǹħĿϣĿ·̺ĳֹ򣬿һۿ͸ȫܣĿ£ͬ㣬˼޷
ʱһϤϢüӿ֣תɲǼ䣬Ǳĸоʧɫƽء
ʸ񣬻صĴУΪһӣջĿ⣬һ֮£ȻһâֻûзӦ֮ʱֱӳڡ
Ȼ䣬ȫ̴֮գ˫쿪ھҵʹʹּ
岻ֵڣصһ˲䣬ĸоԼ壬ѾԼٿأָоһֻһξ
Ǿǵɢħһս
£оȷʵȵ껹Ҫǿ޷໥Ƚϣ˺֮Уʹַ걻ϵ֮⡣
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ΡΪʦҪΪ
Ρͷûκԥֱӻֱֶȥ˲ڣ֮ǰľʹһӣʹֲɵ
꣬˪С㣡ֵӲȴǼΪƽȣָ
ͨͨ˪صꡢ˪ûκͣͣ𣬻ɲǾͳڡ
һ̣ǾҵʹʹּҪŭ춯أ
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֮ǿزΪ֮һǿΪ֮ʿʲôƺһͷԵһڽ
һֿƿأضҪڽֵзȻϵشʹһУѾ޷ְע⡣
ĸܵһɴδһ̣ӵУ
ȥսɣƺһɣ͵̧ͷԶĹħ
ǹħһУ˫¶־֮ɫڣ֪صĺУУȻǴ
飬޳ɵһ˵õ飬Ϊ֮
ɫƽղ㲨̧һָգ˵أ
һȻʶڷӿһɹ֮Ȼ˺˴˵һУĺˮҲȫתۼ䣬֮أȻΪһƬɳĮ
ħɫٴα仯ѹ¿־壬ŭ˫ǰֺݺݵһ˦̾һɺڷƾճ֣ڸգγһ˷۶з籩۶
ͬʱħǿд֮ԣһץ̾һųĺڵûһסɨֱ֮˦ȥ
ɫ糣ǰһָܺХ磬Ȼһ٣ֱħҲһ˲䣬ֹͣһжƮڰһ
磡ƽĿڣȻزеĺɢȴ֮һƬ޾ĺڷ磬ǺڷӰǾʮ
ʮֱħȥǺƣʹùħ̺ˣͫڰ˸ħǻƣ֮³
ħ֮ޣͺɫΪأǰһӣǰһ߻ûܣһ˲䣬⣬ͬĵ򣬳Ϊһޣ
һ̤֮ͨڣ
ħ֮죡ʩչ˽޺һħӿһ޴ɭɭ֮ڣȻûǰɶȥ
شСһ֮£·԰С
һУûʹְ㶯ݣֱȥʮ˲Ϣ໥ڷ绷£ȻһѺɫĳǹ
ǹͨɫɢֱȥ
ʦ׷޵֮ʱɻʦʦÿһ󣬱Īͨһع֮Уһеӣ£ͿɻʹֵͨУ˿̸ֳһλλ֮ǰûκӡ󣬵ȴˮȻǵ괫֮ʱӡǴְһͨ۷壬Żƿӡ
Ǻɫĳǹ˲Ϣ֮ڣһ֮£̺֮춯أӴ̱֮͸ɢħʹ˱
أȴִ̲˿̶ݴõΪһʽ֮ͨ˵ǰ׷ʮҲһǰ׷Ҳֻܻʮһ
ƿͨز֮£ǹħĽޣâĿ˸ǽ֮£̱
ָ磬ֹһͨΣΪ㹻䣬ûнޣ
ǹֱӴ͸ӣȴûгںȻγһĳʹùħӴӣʹ߽⣬ħۣγ˹ħӡ
Уȴǿ־ŨתҪӶݡ
ߣɫһ˵ӲߣһУֻǸոտʼңһЩĵͨ
Ӷ̾ͷײ壬ĸܵʶ򣬱˴һγһȷӲ
͵ת¶ͫڵİ˸ħǵ㣬̾


1118 ħ
ħǣ
һӿħȻͫħ˲ϢӶת֮£Ͱʶ֮ȫƣγһӴУΪܺɨ
ĻĮɳ̲űǣƶֵҲǱקžž֮
һͷ׷ȴ˿δƽ˫Ŀ䵭ħ졣
֮٣ûֹؼΡꡢ˪֮رΪһ˵컯
컯֮ǰʹδ뵽ϧҪսϵԽ࣬ĺôͻԽ
ֻ˵ת˲ţ٣ͿֶڵԵˡ
ԣⳡսݾͽ
ħԽǿԽƴֵսоͻԽࡣ
˿ǣħݺӴӾȻСתۼֻаɣСȴԽӵʵͬʵһ㡣
һɹޣͬħħΪṵ̆ĴħҹħһͨħƮȫħƣʣء
ħһָ˫Ŀ¶֮â̺ŭŭתΪ޾ת˲ֻ˷ļ⣬Ǳ仯£ӿֳص̰
ڹħмٽ棬ʹ̧̧֣ĹУĵͬħȻ˫ֱֶȥ˲ͻϣʳָֺݺݵһ㣡
ĵͬħͳͳָڣȻγһɾ˵ĺâֱֳȥָⲻɢâһ֣̾ͷҪ˺أ֮£˵ͨûɳĮ̾ŤܲסҪ
˫۳һƬӸһָ죬ͺȵŭߵ֮ŭҹħһָ֮ŭŭԿ
һûأ̳־춯ص֮ȴƬգ˲Ϣһûֱһָâ
תۼ䣬âڣʹúâ֮Լ䣬â·Сأ
б䱯Ϊ֮Բҹħͨؼ̱ɫ֮ûһָâѸۡ
Ӣţ޾ߣ켵
̰̰֮仯̰һΪṵ̆Ĵ֮ҹħ֮ħָƿһбϣɱŭһʳָâڸأһָȥ
˲䣬ֵϿգ̾һ֮ûγĵ籩ת۾ͻߣĸֱ
ħͨȷ˫Ŀ˸ǰһӣ̾һƬˮȻܻûЩˮ֮£γһӡ
Ʋ󣬵ʵϣÿһɳӵˮУԳһ磬ÿһ磬䣬ͬٲһ㡣
ⳤӻ⣬ĵз籩ٽ˲䣬̷ɿ໥ۣϵѹĳԽԽ٣ǰˮȻͻһΣ
һͬˮһΣھӨ͸̺Ŀ֮âһˮǻ֮ļޣȴǴ˿ͨļޣͬ糬Խ׷ʮһ˿һˮֵ˫Ŀ£Ȼٴѹ
ڴ˲ˮٴѹһȻһƬˮ
ˮ˵޷ȴĸǵĴڣһӣεˮʱΪģܷɢԼ䣬İѼһһɫϸˮȥ
תۼ䣬ĵٽķ籩һ𣬺֮춯أĵ籩Ȼһ̣زĻĮҲ˻ĻŤѣ±֮ǰǺɫĺ
Ʈں֮ϣһΣܲдˮۣǰٴλİɫϸ
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һˮֺ⣬ڹħУȴǾֵ˼һ㣡޷ԼĹħͨȻƿ
ۿһٶɫϸֱԼ̺ˣǺȻڵħͺ˫¶
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֮Ȼ޾Ƶĳ£ЩɫҲ֮վȻƴ͸תֱֶȥ
ӲϺˣ˫ֲΪң˫ȴǷ֮ɫŨħĵģĹħ֮꣡򲻵֮ʱʩչ
˫Ŀһһֱ̤ĲУһĻǴȥĿ֮ϣһɫĲƻصΪˡ
֮ڣ̾ĸܵⲨƵĹȫԪ񣬿ԶԪɼ˺΢һЩ̱
㵽˾ǣħ֮ڵһӰ죬¡ҡҡͷǰһһ£мһ߳ȴûκβƣӸͬ͸вٽҲֱӴ͸
֮塭ؾȻ֮Ҳ򣡣켱ٺˣӻû˳ԶȻһǰһָ

һָ֮£̾ع٣֮Уȴӣ̾һ٣˰һ㣡
߽Źħüһģһ̾ħݺᣬйһƬĺͬɨϵȥ
ҽ֮׳Ľȴʼûɢʹ޷κζתħ
ǣֽħֳָ֮ħƽĵȥһָ£ħȫħٴй
ǣת֮䣬֮Уһȥ£Ӹ׳ߴΣÿһΣָϣһָ¡
ߴ֮ȫħɢ˴룬¶־벻֮ɫͫʣµħǣһ˲䣬뱬
¶΢ЦȥָưƮȥ֮ǰĶΪħǣˣſԷӳħǿָ֤֮֮
ͫڵĹħǵȫ˲Ϣһɱ֮ҪǿϢȻڱŭһһ֮£׵ľƿ˶
ҵģħҲҪͬھǹħͨħ٣


1119 ĬĬ
뱬һڹħϱħ֮ǰǱ֮ںϣȴ޽ӽ˾ǹħĴڣ
˴˿̣ʵȻأûκʸԻصȴģΨ
ĲģҲҪǰͬھҲҪΪħһ壬ǿļʽͨ
˿ֿ̣ȥ죬䱬ǿͨǰɱûôΪԼ֤ǴڶԹ֮һأѡˣħ㹻ʱ䣬ʩչǼҲ˼ڴͨ
ŭصУٴʵתۼ䣬ͻ˳һСʵʼ޶壬ȴǳһĸо
ڵ壬ͷħǣټϳ˫Ŀʹùħɢһɾ춯صĿϢ
ͺȫĺɫħɫ䣬תۼ侹Ȼд뻯ɫ⣬˫̧ǰʮָγһεͼȫɫϢʱ˳˫ֱͼȥ
תۼ䣬һɫȻ˫˸
ħ٣һü֮̾г֣ȴǴڷɳħֱ꣬ӳڣʱʹιâ
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θտʼֻаƴСȴڷɳɲǣԽԽ󣬵󣬼һ㣬˲併١
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ͬʱͼѸһ·֮һضǰѣоԽԽ
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ʼħɲǣشͬʱ˲ϢͱһŨŨħӿڸǣתۼ䣬һƬڰ
ڵĻϣ̾һ˫ɭ۾س֣˲ϢУպȴһ˫˫һһ۾ϵسǺڡ
ǵĿ⣬ϣһĻ֮죬޷ݣɫһ˱仯̧ͷ˫۾
Ϊ֣һŲɣص֮䣬ֵһ̣һ˫˫۾¶ã֮ɫ
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ʮ޵һǧꡭɷ̤ϵ;ػ壬㸸ĸ״Ҳǲ׺һڣ֮ϣĲϴһ˫˫۾ã֮ѣȴһַʹ̺
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㸸ĸصУյ۾һƬɫҪѪһ˫ۣ̺ȻѪˮ¡
ֵ۾ҲһƬӸΪ
죬ɻ꣬ףûа֮£һ˫˫۾½ıѪˮ
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ʹͬҩϵ񣬴ݻһУ
жȴȸʥʶжͬҲֿ֮ʬɵ£Ҳ֣о֮ܡɣÿһ仰ķʽ̺ϵĹͬһʽʽͨϣʹɫΪ԰ס
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㡭ոٴγ֣͵̧ͷɫһƬƽ¶µļ±
㣬˵ôƽĻûκ̺ڣһǰһ˺˫۶ʱѪˮ٣ֵϡ
һأдԵģӣһָգ纮ص
ǣУһǹ£͸˲˵ĺУţһǹ罣֪Ӻδ٣½Ĵ͸·ĺˮУҲǿմڳֱ
ת֮£ؼ䣬һƬǹֵ˫ǰ£ЩǹȻһı֮£պȥ˲һγһ޷ݵĲƳؼһеɢ
ֵ壬Ҳһ̱Ρꡢ˪һһ֣һ£ɫȴ¶̾أ
Ŵ˵ʶıЩ˵Ӱ֮Уһһɢˡ
֮ɽ磬ڵУƯǰеڣ˾ͽϽŴ֮ţʱڵˣн𽹼
ŮʬҲͬˣĿϣ㡣
ʱϥһ˫ۣĬĬվӣߵ˴ԣĿޡ


1120 µ
ޣһƬڣԶԶشصˣԿһЩʯ¶Ʈû˼ҡ
ʵǵȷû˼ңֻĬĬƯڣ㡣
ڣ˫ۣ͸µĲɣɵۣ˿̿ͷһˣܡꡣ
ϣȴѵһ̣͸ŨŨĸ֮ζ
˪֮һԼұ֮ϵ˿ڣü𡣻һӣǳ˯̫̫ãڸոѻЩ̫ӦĴڡ
Ρ꣬ϥɫ԰ףͬ½˫ۣΡ¶̹ڵϣҲء
ʦʦ𡭡
ҲǽŵĿӵأҧ´
΢΢һЦϸĿһհͽٳЩ꣬ˡ
ʦ𣡣ΡӾ۽£꣬ȴ꣬һУΪʦѣΪ˴£ס֮ءֻΪɵͽ֮
ΡԶҲǲˣɽ֮ʱֻһĬĬŵССʿʦ۷ΪͬҲһҸ
ʱҲ˫ۣߵ˪опɬбˣģȴƽ
ǰһ󡣡ֵĿջأء
ݣϷݣƽĿ⣬ϡ
ʦ𣬴ǵֿѣɶֳĬƬָ̣Աһֱע˾ͽϣ˵
ɫ糣Ŀ˾ͽһɨ˵þ˵ʣԸϷΪʦ
˾ͽϾ񣬵ʱȴûֵƽϾûвȫصḶ́мΪη˿һԥһ£˵Ӱݼʦ𡭡
˵˾ͽ̧ͷ˵ʦϡ⣬ɲɡ
ϵһ仰ʹعһЦ˵ⶾ֮һ⣬Ϸʲô
˵꣬ҡҡͷɫȴǺͰվӣַŮ˪ļϣ˪һá
˵ţһɼǿȻִʱ˪ڵ˲ӿֳһ˿֡
ֻ࣬һ˿ٵļ֮ǰһ˿һ˿֣ȴǻһƬĿ⡣
â˵ɣȴ˲ϢͰ֣ʹת۾ⲻ٣ǳΪ̫һĽâ
ɫƽǰȥ̤˴֮ţƮ֮УԶһʯƯһƬɾļ԰¶пɬ
ʱɽ磬Ȼ˾󲿷֣ǻûȫƬ½ҲȻķѣڱ֮С
ƺò˶ã磬ӴʧΪʿеĴڣٹȥ꣬Ҳᵭֱ׵
̾һ֮ϵĽǰһӣƮȻâ𣬷·һ̫֮أһж
Уһ߻ƾճ֣Щ߱˴˽һƬ״ܷɿɢһƬڣ۵ؼһйУ̺һ
Žߵɢ֮ɽ磬̾ȫڣЩеƬ½ʱһֹͣ˱ЩƮʯҲһ˲ֹͣƶ
һγɵУҲһɲǣֹͣ˷·㲻תһ
ɽ磡صܵͣȴӴ߳˶УΡһصĿ⣬˳羴
˪Լ׵ıӰûκα飬мףͷһ֧ɽļûʱȥ׵ˣæɽ֮£æµ֮С
ɽһգ˪һֱڻ£֪ɽ磬Ǹ׵ѪڣֻۿŴ˽٣زûбˣһ˿ѡ
ǸӣԼ˵ֻڣɽ磬˪в֪ΪΣһ˿ʹ
ĬĬ˪ڿ˪ʹ֮ʱģҲ
صĻɽɵɽȻһڴͬʱǻڣأ֮ɽ磬һϢɢ
һƵʯǷ·һ֮ǣ໥ۣǲļƬУһµƬ½
磬һƬޣΨֻôһƬ½ɢŨŨƬ½⣬״ƣ˵ϣŽ£ͺͺĴϣݳ֣ˮƾ
֮£һɽһƬƬϵĹ֡
Ҳһ̻ƮȥΨһڵƬ½ģһ档
Ӵ֮µ֮ɽ磡صƽĻصء
һɽ֮ϣܵлص֮ǰֽ֮ǽУᵽ˹ı仯бԴ֮
絮ڣѾȥ죬˾ͽϱشڣΡҲѡһľסΡܿǿġ
ĿģǺĿ֣ٳˣĽҸ
Ҹ֣תԶǰһƬУһɢıɽɽϣ˪ڡ
˪ԸΪ䣬ǶĸףҲǻﲻ࣬ΨԺ꣬ŻỰһЩ֮˪֮ͨɽĬĬľס棬ӭκȥ
ֵֻĿ⣬Ǳɽ֮£ϥʼ̧ͷűɽ֮ģӰػǧǰػʬһ
˪ѣܴ˵δһҸջĿ⣬εգûκοռѷ죬Ϊȶ
ŮʬĬĬĿʱϣܿƿ
죬г˻صǽ⣬ģǰʶڵĸвϵμǡ
Ϊ뿪ʶ󣬲ûһ죬ɻǾڣڣȴһӣһڹ򣬶ڵ׷ӡ
⣬͸ģ컯
£˵Ҳǿ컯һµͨ˵Ϊǰķ򣬸Ϊ
ϵУһƣĻص
֣ҡ
̧ͷһһƽʱٽ˽ȥ
һڣֽŲɵöһ£ǰϥһߣ˵ӣϡƣϸһɵء
ֻգ֪ΪΣ
ػ˵
ϥصĶ棬ɫƽ


1121 ޺֮
Ϊʦأ뱴һս壬񡭡֣˵
˿˵;ƿݣȴҪչˡҴʦΡҲ˽һ״һŻҡ
֮½磬ӽԺ󣬽Ϊһ֮أŷӡȻ˺κ˿Խ
֮ˣҲɴǶϢΪʦΪ׻ָһͬɽ֮𣡡ƽ˵ţĿֶӡ
ֳĬ֮ʦ֪񡭡
Ŀ糣˵ͷ
֪˿̵ʦֵܷǹ񡭡壡ֿأȻ΢
֣س˼Ƭ̣˵ģؾȸϵĹͿ˾
û⣬رϾɵۣͿ˾ɽ֮ǰʹڣ֪Ҳ֮С
ΪʦȫʢʱڣδֻΪһЩԭʼղȥһֻһ֮
Ϊʦһ֮£ҲҪˣ
һֿ֮Цȴػ֮⣬̫أ˿̣Ҳֻһֻͨ壬ȴóĻ˵ˣպҲΣķ
ұħ̫ã֮ͨȻԶҪָ۷ΪĻҷڣ𡭡Ҫһ֮ΪʩչسĬ꣬˵
ҡͷأ˵ʦ𣬵ɽ磬׾ʲôѣ
⣬Ѿǧ꣬ʼղ֪ԭ
кһ漴пɬӿ֡
һУΪ֮ͨšزԸ˵̧ͷɫӸŨ
ʦ𶴸ڣҼ˷ʥ桭ֵͷ˵
ĻôسĬƬ̣
û˵
̫֮ãһУԺȫ֪س̾һ⡣
ȥѴɣڣΪʦڣɱƽǰ֣Ŀ¶Ͱ
ֵͷԥһ£̧һץǰһѷ֣ڻƮһ߾ײġ
ʦ𡭡㡭ʶ˹ס˽ţĿתأʵأ˾ͽ֮֮Ը⣬һĿģǾйײĵϢ
˫ĿһȻֵĽţϸĿһײĺ󣬳Ƭ̣ͷΪʦûΪף
һ𣬺
ףĴɽ֮Զ򣬴У˹׿˸ҲǴŰˣ֪ת׵Ŀھл꣬ȴǿ
ֻھΪʦ֪صĻϣͬģҲֵϣա
شؿڣɫ԰ף¶ɬض֪ھ䣬˭֪
ؿһۡ
أеϣٴȼ
Ϊʦţǳɽ磬ɵϼ֮ϼΪΪʦڰ׷֮ϣеͳ£ҵѰ׿ھ
ѰҲҲ޷ΪʦΪָ󣬶㣡
ȭܵõĴ𰸣Ѿ֪㡣
ȥɣҪ֮ˣΪģǱǰȫɫ¶ƣ˵ţ̧֣ǰһӣʱһ˸֮ϣڡ
ʱ˷ġ
ֵͷһۣףתȥ
ǿУʿӰȻʧ󲿷ָʿѾȥңԶȸϡ
˿̣һǿһɫƽǰСصѣĳ֣ûнֵΣȴû˺֮ǡ
һ׽֮ȥ磬صĳŵҲͷˡ
ûҪΪԼֶԿɭ뷨ĺʱɭ֮Σ˵ֻܻܣɱһͲ̫Ч
һУҪԼףܾأΣ˭Ҳﲻ֮£ҪԼȥԣȥ
䣬Ȼûˣ˵УҲΨһˡ
ļǵã֮Լʱ֮ڣ㡣
Ŀһʱ²ƻص˲ϢʧӰʱȻ޾ǿգһΪѰ⡣
ԶԶȥûκγ棬ȴ֪֮ͨĴ
ͳʥʵ򣬻Ǵ㣬ֶҪһ֮ʹԸľü
Զְ̾ȴûͣ٣ֱӳ㣬ƿһ̤˴֮ϡ
յķֻڶȥ
ʶڣٽ˲䣬̾ĵǿϢȻܣֹǰС
ͬʱһصء
˴أٽ벽ԺδҪ𣡡
üͷͣȭĳΪսȸʥ֮һö򣡡
ܵʶϢлͣǱٴγ֡
򣬹
⣬ĵϢĲǿΪԿʿشţɼ֮ĵ֮˿κһ
ֻǣĸʿδҲ̫ſһЩܲǾʿȻ˻УʿĻ޷ĸ֮а
Ͷ֮û̫øУ˵ĿģΪ˴㣬ĬƬ̣ѹͷ֮ƽıȭ֮⣬Ҫһľü
һ̾дЦصܣǱһ
֮ó򣿡
üͷƽ˵û򣬷͸¡û˵꣬Ǳ̴ϣ֮⡣
û򣬲ڣ
кŨȴٴѹȭ͸´Ϊ˵
ûʱ䣬˵һ䣬̹ڶΣֵĻﱻϣǱɭ
ȫɷӿɱĬƬ̣ٴѹƽ˵͸´Ϊ˵ˡ
еԼ˲ͣǲ־ΪŲпĻͳϡ
ŭЦû뵽֮شĸʿȻ˳̶ȡ
ããкâ¶ǰһһ֮£ؼһƬ𺣺ȻգյһƬ죬ˮĽ
һΣ˰⣬һָǰ𺣺Ȼָ֮ʱһƬŤȴһ˸
ͬʱٴŤˣҲͬʱû


1122 
ôߣǰߵͺѸٺˣϳķΧ֣ͬʱڴһģ̾һö֣Ҫ顣
кһǰһ˲Ϣвƻصת֮¾ͳʳָ磬һָüġ
ʿ˵ɱ֮ݣ
˫ͫ¶𾪣Ҫˣǰûʸˣһָ⣬ֱ׷ߣüġ
Ѫڴ֮ȻԪҪߣִһ˦ߣöûбҲС
һоǵʯ֮䣬̾𣬵ҲǾþ֮Ƭ̵һɢһߴȵ󣡡
һ˸˫̾һ֮ƵǰһѴ󸫣ɨֱ֮ȥ
ͬʱ˸һĴǰֱз֣Ƿͨɫ֮ӡ£ڷ˿ֱ죬ͬһϸ΢˿˲Ϣ֡
֮ͬ꣬ʱǽ֮
ȡߣƯ߸ȭͷС飬ЩһӨ͸磬ֺһ֮£̾һӤ֮춯ض
߸ӣȻڱ渡ֳ߸Ӥף֮£ӵı߸ոճӤ꣬źżХ֮߸ֱֶȥ
һߣûȡóһöͬ鹥֮ʱҪѴ˵֮´ݽ֮ڡ
Ȼã˿̾Ȼûаͣͣת۾ͻֱ֣ͨѰľʿԲʿΧ㲻⣬ҪֹһȴЩѡ
Ͼ̫Էᡣ
Ե֣
Щͨĺֿһۣһ˦ջ𺣾γһ籩˲Ͱǹĺɫߡ
ͬʱǰһָ
һֳڣ˲ϢعȻ٣һͨȫֹͣߣҲɫ԰޷ƶӡ
Ŀ߽ǵһӣѪһѪԪһץֱߡ
ĳԸ֣κ̫ˣһָʣĶһӲԪյˡ
Ŀһϣɱ
Ӥˡʣµߣʩչ߸֮ˣ¶־壬ֵǿ󣬳Ծʿ⣬֮ǰ֪һǾţôҲû뵽ԼǵģȻ˿µһʿ
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ĿһԼü£ռͫ׵ȫһϢʹӿȫһɰɫĻֱ˳ָɢȫ
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ĸʿڶ̶̵ʱڣһʼգǶû鴫ѶĻᣡûǵĲٿأǸûзκõô󸫣̻һƬԪɢڻٽ£ֱȼնʧ
߸Ӥ飬¶ãЩӤ飬й˼䣬һӣ߸Ӥǰʱһг֣߸Ӥ롣
ɫƽǰϵĴԣͷһۣ̤ڶϲŪ˼£⴫âһԪ˷ӿ֮£󷨳׵ĿһƬâûֵӰ
Ƭ̺󣬹âɢڣһƬտ
֮һƬٳĿռѷڣ˵һƬﻨ㣬ɽƺûʲô˵УҲֻûǳŨԪ
ɽӻƣһֻֻС֣ɺ׷ɹŵʾһ͡
֮ıƽԭһӴ󷨣֮Ĵ󣬴˿̣⴫ϥһͯӡ
ͯӾܿףϣȴ֮УȻ޹ԵʣŻ֮ͯࡣ
ϥУͻȻ˫ֹۣ˼䣬󷨡
ֻ󷨺֮صâŨת۾ʹﵽ۷һ㣬һռŤǻû֮ϡ
ʱ󷨹âɢת֮ҲڣһӰ
ͯӱЩɢӣһ˲һ͵վ˺ֱĶڽ֮߳ˡ
Ѫ֮ͯ˫ͫ
ֵ֮ʱ߳󷨣һͯӣƽıȭ͸´Ϊ֣ȸʥ
ͯüͷĿƽ˵ôĵӣѾкܾãû˸Ӳˡ
ͯӵĻְ̾ԲȥˣʶȻɢֱӺɨ飬һ
֣ȸʥʣ
ͯĿһδ֣Ա߲ϵش֣Ĵ֮ڣȻʶ棬ȻҲʿ
в٣ɱ֣
ָ֮ȻʮĿǣʥʾƽ޹ʵĺȻȻݣΣ
ûгԲ鿴ףЩ飬֪֪ҪõĶࡣ
ʥʵԭ⣬ͳķģҲ֮ûκιǵԭֻһͿͨڷģصڣ
֮ڣһɽ֮ϥСһԣΪɢĿյİƣҲ֪Щʲô
ʱֵһɲǣ̲͵˫ۡ
壡
СףҲһվӣԶ
Сͨ죬ȻǼΪѰѾܾúܾã˿ͻȻֵܲ
ûκԥ̻һ磬ֱ֮ȥСһΣ󣬴ͷ˦¶裬ڵǸЩµʿһֱڣη塣
ߺ֮ǰڵɽϣһվ׵Ůӣ߳ĬĬǰɫ˸̧࣬Ųǰ
վȴʱһХǰһʿЩʿΪ죬ģҲǾڣ֣˿ûз
ľüһͬȥ֮صߣûг֣һϽ۵ӣǰһ̤
ɫϣ˵ʿһ¶
ȸʥʼ飬ϡͣĿɨ˵


1123 Բ
ֿϽһֻۣܿΪûжԣֱץһ˦
ɫƽһѽӹʶһɨ̾һɫ¶أΪȻݡ
ȴǿʾѰ̺һ˿ȣֵݣ򣬺ǲ򵥣
ǣ̧ͷ֡
ȸʥʣܲڲ֪һţٹǰذ͵֮ƽĿڡ
ӵͷ֪¶ȻͬСɣɫظŨȭл
һ˦̾Ԫ׳һԣԪ׷׶˫ĿգȻǱ
֮ǰĳûļڼ¼֮Ҫʶǿн봫󡣡˵ţһץٴζһö˦ݸӡ
һλ棬ļ¼֮ǰĸߵǰ
ӽӹ󿴰գɫƽ˵ʥʴΪѵˣֻǽѵԣɱһˣЩ˵ȥˡ
ʧֶѡƽ˵
Ӷ֣΢΢һЦ˵¹ش󣬾ʥסգ°򽻡
ӻû˵꣬ؼһŮ
ߣ
һ֣ʿʱɫҲһº󣬹ǡ
ǰľüɫӣ֡
ͬʱԶ缲ۣǰСף㿴ֺСΪ
壡㣡Ȧһ죬ڡ
㣬¶΢Цͷߡ
ѾȻǰһĻƺЩѰ֪˿̲Ƕ˵֮ʱߣǰ֣һͷ׷ȴʹ
ҪߡֿľüĬƬ̣˵
ľüҧ´Ƕ¡ʿԣ̺ˣת۾ʧӰӴĿһۣͬת뿪
ܿ죬ܳ֡㡢ľüˣʿ
㣬ߺΪҪķϣÿյĴɲҪǣ֪ôľüĿ֣ܿ㣬
㿴˿ֿ֣˿ľüЩܸܳʦԼܺãǵ꣬ʦԼ£ڵԼҲû֮ա
뵽Щ䣬˵ͷʦˡķΪԺʱġ
ľü¶ɬ㲻ףһߣûκλĻᣬΪֲͬ⡣
ʦͽһҪȥΪʦһľü˵ţְ̧ѷϵһ£ϧĿһۣ㡣
ʦ⡭һʶĽӹԼǵʦ˵ӣһǿķƺʦ洫֮
Ϊʦϡľü¶簮ӣЩĽӴ£˸顣
ľüߣֱҪֹԥһ£ȴûпڡ
㷢ְΪͷϣľüͷɫûı䣬ԺҪǵãԶҵĵӣΨһĵӡ֮Ҳĵڶң㡭߰ɡ
ʦˮ£ԼָоԼʦʶģֻǲѣǵжԣԼһߣҲûлʦ
¶ӣܿóľüʦͽ֣Ϊ٣ȴţһ뵽üֳ㡣
ľü˺󼸲ڵϣصĿͷʦ𣬵ˡ
߰ɡľüҧ´˿̵кʹ·ʧȥһЩʲôЩտյģ˺󼸲΢Ц˵ͷ
Щ㣬̤봫Ҫȥ
ʱľüȫֵıӰ֣Բ𡭡
һվ֮Уȴþûп
Բ𡭡ġԲ𡭡ľüӲ۽£૵Ĳ˵
Щеʹ࣬ĥҪÿһҹеѣӿ˵壬ĸã
üѾˣ㲻Ҫ˵Բ𡣡ûлͷؿڣ˿нʹеһοƽĻ棬ϵظԺԹƵԹӤдԹ׵˫ۣһ޷جΡ
üҪֵĵԼӰˣһֱ죬ˣ
Բ𡭡Բ𡭡ľüɫ԰ף˳ž£ڵϣ̺˱ǰ
ĬĬĿ󷨣ں֮ص󷨹âҪȥ˲䣬һģֹͣ˼ת󷨣˵һ䡣
㣬뿴ô


1124 
뿪ˣ㣬ü֮ĸӣѼУһĻĻĵףԶҲȥ
ľüգûȥƽֲȥ£Ҳȥ£תȥӰһĻ磬󷨵Ŀ·ľ룬ԽԽԶԶΣƺ첻ˡ
˵Զľ룬ô£ľü֮䣬Զľ룬ƺҲ֮ҪңԶģ޷ǡ
ѰҲû·;ʣµֻһŻ£һ˲˲㣬ĬĬţš
ľü󷨿УâĿ£ʧıӰٴƽһºӵ壬뱧ڻ
ֻǣܡģǲҡ
ĵģüӦնһУĻĲԲȴû
ɣһƽľü֪ԼΣǻ᳹ԲǾʹ˱֪
һԼԥȥǶԣǴֻǣΪʥŮܶʱ򣬲Լ
һСĽɡľüҧ´תԶıӰƺ֣Ҫį
ɫģľüģ·ҲΪɫɫŨңԶһ
ǿǺɫģԶ貵ƣƺҲ޷ǹڸסʹģֻǿУʹûȫ
ʹʹţͲʹˡ
ȥ磬㲻ĿУͷ¶΢Цͷ·ǻص˵꣬һŮͯ󣬽һַ·׵ĸо
㣬־ͻ뵽ƽҲ뵽Ľ
úΪҪķˣ㡭ҲѾˡǰͤͤŮĿдŨ
塭·ˮһ㣬ֹסСʱһץֵ½ǣƺһ֣־ͻҲˡ
岻֪ǶԣǴֻľü岻ģǣҡ
ʹ࣬ڸǹȥ͵Ŀһ㣬ӣ߹˺ܶꡣ
һҲûлСȥѰʦֱ˫ۣʱת½Ǵг磬ԶȥС
塭ʪվĺ꣬̾һ֣ġ
򶫲ʥڷΧڣʥʵĻع飬̾ͽǿϣʥڣһڴڣڵֿ
˺еʥʥʣֻһΪʥ
ʥһϣʥ˺ܴķ磬ʥǿΪ£һзԵȫʧ
ʥڡ׻ʥڵ̫ʥڱʥУйʥʹ÷ʥڵھҲʥڵĸıûܿԡ
ֵӰ˶֮ʱҲʥϲãһ֣̱ʥ˷֡
ƽǰһʥڵѲʿĿɨЩʿһ̵ͷû˵ǰȥЩ߹Զȥ
һֱ뿪ʥڵѲʿ˴໥ۣ̾һóѸٰһʧ֪ͨϡ
ѾʥˣֺαضѲʿУʿĵ
һص˶־Ͳպǹ죬һ·ȥǿʥʿһȫɫŹ֣ȴûֹĽŲ
ʱǰͳһƬȸʥڡֻǣҪ̤ڵ˲䣬ȴһ٣תͷǿա
ֻХǰˣΪȸһΪ׻ǳݣΪ
ĿƽϤȫǲʥ֮ˡ֣ȸʥڳɫЩܿĿ⡣
֣ʥ룡˵ߣʥڵһϣ˿ֵĿ⣬ҲǴǸ⣬ʥʻΪһϵоٶȴûʸֹֻͬ
ȸʥ֮ˣɻȫֻ˵һǰߵĻ̾˲²⡣
˲ƺԼΪʥʣʥ˵һЩʲôʥĳƺһ·ĹŹ֣¶
Ƕȫشֵģȸʥڵһϡ
ֿⳤһۣǵô˾ǵѯԼΪʥʺʲôٴ֮ˣ˵ͷû˵תһ̤ȼڡ
Ǽüͷһ壬һֱ̤֮ȼڡ
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ûᣬǽȼʶɢŴ˵ػĺɨӸسɴȥ˸֮£ڲͬλɢʶȼȫһ顣
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ģֶˣٵƽ֪˿̷ŭ⣬Ҫ侲
֣ΪʥˣʥҪ㣬ĪǻҪϷ˵βɣ˵ʥߣɫǹ˼֮ǰݣǷȸʥĶݣȻ֡
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ȸʥʣʥڣҲɢʥҪңԼǰ־̤ȼ򣬴˵ػ죬ʩչΪ
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ȸʥΪʥڶ£ϷҲǾ塣ʱһɣؼ䴫ڷ̺ͨһ£̾ʹȼյĻ棬ƺһ¡
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1125 
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ʥʳĬƬ̣еıƺһЩܿ죬ָ̻糣
룬ϣʥڡ
ʥһΪʥڣӦýѣҪߡĿ¶ִšһ˦ʯȥ
ʥʽסʯ飬ϸĿһۣ̾һ˵תԶһͬߵģ߸ϣȸеһˣת֣ſҪ˵Щʲôʱʥʻͷһۣ̾˿û˵
ʥʵʯˣԶԶ뿪ʥڣ˵ȴĴͷˡ
ʥڣ·Ӵ֮󲻻κιϸֻȸǰֹɫȴʼи֣ãƺһУԼ֪顣
Ϊʥ֮̫ʥ⣬ʥʵݵȸʥơ
ʥᶼһ䣬˵ЩšͬģйʥڣΨȸʥʲ֪ˡ֮֮սܣʥʣҲûȥʡ
һֱִԶԶ뿪ˣʥڣʥڵĴУʥƣϣǰƯ̫ʥ
ֻĿ⣬ȴûзʥϣŴ⣬֮̾ջĿ⣬˵ų˭ҲĻ
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ȸϣĸʿȻ࣬󲿷ֶȻڣ뵽˹֮Сǽȥ󣬾͸һڵϵû֪ЩʿǷȫ
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ȸǿУһƬŤ֮£Ӱ߳ңңԶȸܻϥʿֳĬƬ̣ٴһ
ʱȴȸΧ֮ϡ
˵ȻҲʿֵΪȴû˷ӰѰһصɽ壬ֶڣһƬռֳɽڵ滭һӵ󷨡
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˫üһ㣬ԪֳһƣüƮ
Σ˫̴ӡʱǴüɢԪ̻һ̣⻷˼ȦƮǰ֮£Ρ
γ壡ҧ⣬һѪڲֳһЩѪҺڣֱԪϡ
Ԫ̾кâ˸ܵһЩʯȻʱͷԪڡ
أ·ԪһУʯϵԪ£ģԪ·̵壬һһһ֣ǰ
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Ǳ棬ҲܳΪԷֱ֮⣬мǿ̺ͨһԪķΪϼ뱾ûκΨʱϣֵԪֻܼʮ죡
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ϥһץǰдѷ֣һȴŮʬ߳û˵һͬϥڡ
أŮʬػֳƬ̣в˼Ľƣŷ˫Ŀһգչһ㣬ֹͣ˺Ҳʧͬһˡ
ͬʱϢȫʧȥ˲䣬ǰǾʯͷɵķȴǻ˫ۡ
һӣֿһڵԼŮʬһΣֱӶݳɽ壬سɴ֮ͨ䣬ԽȸһʿȸڣӰû
ؾȸЩʿʱ˴Ӵ˫ۣƺȴûи棬ϾЩһЩɢϹ֣˷
֮صʿУ˱ָϤȸǣӰûûκͣ٣ֱӷɳ뵽ħ
һ·ȥû˲ƿٵ֮أǻӦԼ壬ȫϤ֮ż
;·˵Ķаɣɽ̶ɵĲֵӰһ£ϡ䣬·𿴵һŮӣǲÿһƬϼ¼󷨣ֻΪһö
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ջĿ⣬ʧӰ
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ûԥֱ̤ɢâĹڣ˲ϢͳһƬڵ֮ڡ
һһŨŨѪ֮ζʯƯϣһƬѪɫ·ǱѪȾ졣
иʬƯʿģҲ޵ġɴСɫ֩룬ǧɾڶ̬Ĳ֪ޣȴ˫֮һȺȺֱֻ۴Сķɳ֮ʬȵȡ
вԪĲڻصȻ֮ǰﾭһսЩ޵ʬ壬󲿷ֶǱսһЩΪ˱ľĩвðŧˮȻ˾綾
ԽǰȥʬԽ࣬Ѫ֮ΪŨķʽҲһͷȻǱ򽣴͸һʯϣ˫ĿȻ
󣬼Ѿȫʬһ֫ϱۡ
Ǽ֣һĻĻҲ˫ͫ˼£ȴûͣ٣ǰУż޵һڷȥ
УȻһ֣һ٣תҲֻ࣬Ҳǧ⣬һ޴׶ʯ飬ʯڶȱʬ壬ʿޡ
ʯԵһƬâǲϸ޷ڵڿâ
âУһ׳ֻ׳ȫ㣬źɫëҰˣǿͷȴûκʿ׳ˣ
Ĳϣֳʮ֧ÿһ֧棬һͷ­˿̣Щͷ­£ڵϾ׽š
֨֨ⰲڣ΢׺ӣֵĿʯϵĹ֮ʱȴڶߴ
أֿԴ׳ڶͷ­Ŀʳһͷ޵ǹͷƺҲҧ̵
ֿ׳˲䣬Ҳ֣ʮͷ­̧𣬷׷׿֣ÿһͷ­϶Ѫмھ׽


1126 ս
һ˲䣬ȫһƬ⣬⺮̹ǣ̺һɼǿΣʹй˵Ķ侲˿̵ûʶ˺ӱܣǾվһ·
˫ĿͫȻΪһڵ㣬Ķ׳ޡ
йͿ˾ļ䴨ɲǼͶ˼ǰ޵֪ϡ
ϳ޵˲Ϣ亹ֶͷڳΪԽعԽ˽⣬ǿнӴԽ࣬ȻףǿУʿǾǿһ壬ʿ⣬һЩ޷˼ޡ
һЩޣǿĳ̶ȣǰǹͿ˾ҲԸǣ統Ⱥּһ档
һĻڵǿգ貵ƶģ壬·޷ҫƬǿУԶԶأһɫ
һʮɴСӰشɫڷɳӰܲ󣬵ͷʮ֧ʮ޴ͷ­ȥÿһ֧Ȼǧ֮
һ޵ӣԺԲƣɫɳһ
ʮͷ­춯أǿգ³˴ΧıһƬƬָγ׳һĻ
Ķ󣬲ǿգǰԶ⣬һӴĹ
ǿ֮ޣڹǰߣ࣬ǸߣǼΪʮͷļһֱǹȥ
浽Ȼʧļһ
Ǽͷ­еһ¶ԥ˿ֿ֣˿ʯϲдʬƺںȡᡣ
ٴλ˺һ˫Ŀ¶֮âͿ˾ļУѿ⼪ǿڵΪºѽɱշΨбˡ
˺ȴҪСģỺһЩٶ̫죬̾ͻ޵׷ɱ
ܳΪұ֮ޣȻʹñսϧ
ֵĻ˺Ǽʮ˸ͷ­½£ʳǰʬ֨֨
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ȴʼһͷ­δʬĶ֣˺󣬻Ļζͬͷ촽
ͷ­ӣһӣͷɢԻѪһ߶֣һ߻ھ׽֮⡣
˺ԼʮʱǼʮ߸ͷ­Ȼȫ£ͷ­ȴ˫Ŀâһ³һ⡣
ֺԥһ󲽣˻һ磬ɿļ۶ȥ˺˲䣬ͷ­̷һ˻
˻ӵд͸ʯ֮ⰲȻصʱʹƯһЩʯ飬
ͬʱʮ߸ͷҲ͵̧𣬷׷׶֣һ֮£һâ޷ٶȣ˲Ϣ׷ȥ
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ʱѪ䶯˲仯Ѫɫģһ죬һµأɲǼ䣬أ̱һƾճֵѪ⻷ƣ죬˵أ
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ֱҪ˲ƣ˿ɫԷ˲ƣһץǰдѷ֣Ǽ׷ϵɲǣִӴռóһŻɫֽ
˼ؿһȻХֵӷǰһٶȱʹ˻ڹֱʧԭء
Ǽʮ˸ͷ­ȫһ̾ڴŭһսĵŮͷ­ʱ¶һХ£ͻȻһƬڷ绷Ƽȫ˷ɨ̾γһɷ籩żӷɿĳԽԽ죬󣬼ΪһƬӰź֮ٴ׷֡
ͬʱĸͷ­оȻ֮˲Ϣ䣬籩ܣɫӡ֣Χܣͬһʱŷ籩ۣӡ档
һ籩֮ٸǱ֮ǰľ룬Ȼת˲ͱ
˿̣Ƿ֮£ȻͨһصڼĿȥԼɼǰһӴС
ףУͿ뿪ޣܹµļ׷ֻ£ȴûʱ䣬Х֮оԶǷ籩ȴѾɣ
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˲Ϣ䣬֮ȴ޾ָɢȻγһƬ֮Żȥ
һɲǣƼĺɫ籩ײ֮춯أ̱ɢǣͬԭ
ǺڷҲڻĳһ٣һ֮ʱʮ˸ͷ­ļȴǳ˺ڷ磬֡ٲͬʮ˸ͷ­ȫ¶֮ǰִҪֵͷ­͸˷ܣƺϾҪԵѪڴ
ֻ˷֮˲ͰѼȫƣžž֮£ǼϣٶȴԻһ¡
Ŀ˸׻ͨˣȴ޷ʹüˣֻ谭˵ƾ谭ʱ䣬ҲвİտԺ˽УӶܿ׷
ʹ뿪ȴǲģ
׷ĳҪۣ˫Ŀһ˫Ԫת֮£ȴǴԪڽһƬ⡣
һɱ¾֮Ȼڱת۾ǰһƵɱ¾֮ͺǰݺݵһָ
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һжǵʯɣڰɫɱ¾֮ͬʱǼһ𣬲ϵĵ
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1127 һͷ
ֱոļʮ˸ͷ­УǸ֮ǰִ׷ɱֵͷ­ȥɱ¾̫֮죬˲Ϣٽ
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һΣķŭˣ
֮صڵУƺǼһ˲ԣʧɲǣҲһͷ˽ȥ
֮صһأΪľˮֵأðɱӡģȴǽء
һ߳չǰľһƬ֮ͬĹ֮أһѰѲƵĽ¶Ĳڵϣһۿȥ飬ޱߵڣ֮޷㡣
һɽıⰲڣɢ¶ζ
ȥ۲ܣ֮ǰһͬʱĿ˸׹ɢܣһε⻷ƣԶԶȥ˿̵ַ·֮ƣ
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ʱԶһŤƻصǷŭļ̤ӭײй֮ϡ
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ǹֽպâ˸˱ļֻǽ壬ȴԽԽ٣鷢ڽȥ֮ʱ̺ˣ˫׹˸ϵŸԶĴ¡
һɽȫɲǣԶڶɽƶ
ʱһŭǹڴ͸¶һƬ棬ȴǼʮ˷֧˫ĿѪͷ­ӿƬĻ棬ɫǺ죬ǽ
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Ӹһ̸֣ܵ⼴Щ޷ܵĸ£ȴҧ֮£ٴǰһݣ
һΣȴǳͷ­Ϸһɣ
ɱ¶̧䣬ȴȻгһдƬ⼣ֵ˲䣬֮ؽؽأΧڣеķɽȴһ
Ԫĳڣһһ춯أ޵һ
һ£Ѫ䣬Ǽʹʮ˸ͷ­ȻһϳһѪ˿ͷ­¶޷š׹·
ûκͣ٣սһŻݣһץסǿµͷ­ǧ⣬ͷҲؼ۶ߡ


1127 ֮
ɹһͷԼһǱƼˣԲðճ֡Ͼ⼪Ǹһս̫ޣ
֮ǰһ⼪˷ڶٽķɽĻᣬȴû뵽һ֮£Ȼͷ­¡
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ƬǴһƬ棬ȴһ֮
˫ĿһӰȴûκͣͣһסƬӰֱǰ
˿̣Ǽʧȥͷ­ķ֧ȻήƬ̾ͻһƬɢʣʮ߸ͷ­̧ͷ׳壬ҲǾҵĲ
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ӴĹͷ­ſڣǰһȥ
Ӵͷ­ֵɲǣ֮ȴƾճ֣Щһγһӡ½ǽӴͷ­ϣżѹ¡
ʮ߸ͷ­¶ʣϵŭƺڵֿӡĽҲҪûӴͷ­֡
˫֮ͫǰ;ЩԾ⼪ǿȴûͿ˾ǿ˵еļʮͷ⼪ȴҲʮͷ
һ˿ֻû뵽ոջɣ⼪չֳһͷƤ֮ͨǧɴСͷ­һ֣ͶʱȫΪƺֹͣתȻ̵ļ
һ֮£Ȼͳ޾֮ǿԵֿټΪ̣һʱ֮־Ȼ޷ֱ̱Ӵͷ­֮ȥ
ƺͷ­˿ʩչͨһ㣬Զ˷ĵڶɽȻҲУ˹
ҲͰˣ־ģأƺҲ£Ҫ̰㣬Ȼͬ˺ѣ˹
̫飬ΪһΣɳһͷһ̣иֳһ仰ɫ԰ףͬǣۿɭɭԽԽ
Σ֮£̧üһ㣬ұ̴֮ȴ˲ͻһƬʯգȴüġ
һ֮£ڱһұ۱ʯ̾ͱӴĿУȴһ˲䣬Աұ֮ʹΪһ˿תɶ
ɲǼ䣬һץǰȻдѷ֣ǷƬɿѷڣͬʱһƤڷɳؿǻɫֽԱߡ
ɫֽΪٷƤͬҲٷɷʥ洫еɽƣǿٷȫϣһ޷ٶȸо̴ڱ
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ʱ˲仯ʯһΪĩԱߡ
Ǽϣʮ߸ͷ­˿ȫ𣬵ֿԽԽӽӡǰûĴڸŨ
ڳӣȺȻⲻϼӴ£ҲӲ벽һȥۿҪڣֿЦֻü̧ӲҪʯ֣ԥ˺ؿڵķƤһ˿ΪƤ봢ѷ졣
Щǰһڣȴɽһͬǧͷ­Ĵڡ
ǧͷ­һƬ⣬뼪ڣ˿̣սٵӡҲڼϷһɻͣ
ʮ߸ͷ­̧¶ɵ֮ɫȴȻͺ𲻶ϣʱӡϹȻ·âɢ˼ϣ⼪·͸ڲɼ
ִ˿ûб̣ĿǼʮ߸ͷ­ϣ;Ÿͷ­ڲдƬ
Ϲ˸лʧӡҲ֮ʧûгֹһ
ʮ߸ͷ·о֮ɫʧĲӴ˿ȴһѪ֣ϵ䶯£ࣵһȴһɳ̵ķ֧֧ĶȻһͷ­
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˿̣ȸڣһƬѰɽУϥһƬڵ֣һ֮£͵˫ۣĿ¶
û뵽ԼҪȥʶһɭ֮ķȻûȿɭ˼֮ڡ
֮ǰչֳͨܺǿȴ֮ܿһͷֻǡһжΪûչ֮ͨǰ˼ɡǰֳǧͷ­üĵӡ뼪ʩչصͨϷͬʱֵӡ
ĪǴǱӡʩչͨͻᴥӡ֮ջûǧͷ­ʵֲ̫ٷӵٶȣһȣ£Ȼ޻֮
ĬĬǰã̾һ૿Ц֣˿̵ΪؼͲʲôһУҪ
¶ɬ֮սӣҹսˣλԶսħֳΪȸʥʣǾȳɵأһ·ΪǳΪȸʥʺ󣬼мսɭ
һеһУɵһƿһеĸоΪʿ֮սʹ֪Уһ˿
ʱյĽڿ뿪ʱҪͼ˶Էձ̶³
ͷһݺݵֵͷϣеһ˿̻飬Ҳûаڡ
һ˲ĸоΪʵҲִͬڶΣƷζſɬֳĬܾã̧ͷʱɫأ¶˫УһüģʱٴηֳһԪ֡
֮ǰǰ㣬ʯ۳һ߷Ԫ룬һ֮ʧɽڡ
صҪ̫࣬ǷˣҵԪҲɺܴӰ죬ڶ߷ȻǼˡֱ˫ۣĬĬĴ˷֮ϡ
سɴ֮ٴȸϣûֱͣͣȥ˹֮أڴһ̤ڡ
ԵᵤʱĽ̶ȣһ·޴󣬺֮ܿһץóһѷɽʶϣٿطɽֱж𣬸һȥ̸ܵһƬɳ籩


1129 
أ˫һԥڣʱǰһƬ籩ɨϤһĻ˿
ǼּΪɵٴΨз̽Ѱɭ֮Զݶߡ
ǰأ˵ϤȴȻһ·ǰУܿһΣ֮أһʱ䣬ҵ˽һڣ̤˽ȥ
һ·ֱŽԭ򣬾һĹʵأŹһ·ȥ˲ʿ
ڵ죬̤˵֪֮һ㣬һƬڣոմڽ̾͸ܵһͨܲϵĻص󷨱ײ֮صûκԥ̼ۺˡ
֮УŴʿ˿ǰԶʮʿһ໥ɱ
ǺһɣͲӡ־ͨʩչͨǰδµζ
һߣ˫Ŀгɷ϶Լǵã˾ɭѪڣһϹʿΪľʿࡣ
Χڶʿÿ߶һײģ˿̹ײʹ򿪣һʬƣΪ˽ߵ
ֻһˣ˫ȴǼΪңܻƮʮսʬ塣
ս֮Աߣվ߰˸ʿЩʿҲʬ֮ˣһΪףǺ˫ĿźߣһָЩΧߵʬڵӾͻ仯󷨡
ֵĳ֣̾˫֮˵ע⣬Ǻһ۾Ϳ֣˫Ŀʱâ
ʬ֮ˣҲ֣ͬȻǲ֪ݣΪ׵ĺĮɨһۣһӣʱ߾ʬڵֱֶȥ
ѣϹʿʬȽսȥ𴦣ʬڵеһˣȭ˵
˵Ŀȴǲƣ֮ͬˣ¶䡣
ɫƽ˵ͷһλԱ߷ȥʬ֮˿뿪Ҳû⣬ǺǿһֻۣǶǺߣ¶̰֮ɫ
ϹʿԪҪˣ
һ·ȥУ̫ʿЩʿȺеߣޱ޼ʵڻһ磬·Ѱʲô
ɭѪڵϹʿҲһЩǾǱڶʿΧסϵɱÿֿǰֹʬԴһƿʵٽһͻ
ɫƽȴгÿѡ뿪
ϹʿջĿʹһЩ̰ҪϹʿ޵ͨҪ۵ģ
ЩϹʿ˵ΪͬÿһӵĪͨս֮£ƾһ֮Ϳɱڶʿ
һ·ЩϹʿǵѪڵߣǿϹʿ˺ܾãҲûһ
ʬڴͨʿ֪ȥʶɢѸѰ̫֮ʶȫǣֻܲϵѰңڵڰʱַͻȻһ٣͵ؿǰ
ֻǰУһƬѪȻ֣ԶԶĸк֮صȴѪ粨ɢ֪ɢ˶ãֵС
ѪⲨƷɿٽϴ͸һԪɿתŻѪڵ֮ӣҲͬѪ˺ʮɲͣ
ͷȥѪⲨȻŸԶȥ˫Ŀ¶⣬һΣһֱǰ֮˲ƶȥ
ѪⲨ̺ǿͨȻǶɣǿͨߣȻǶʿ
ɫ԰ףֱĶǰһߣ߾룬ҲȫǺɫ˫ĿǳһƬȴûκη֮⣬еֻǱƽ
ͨɢ˺˰ɣңңȴû˵κλǺߴһ˦ǰһƬѪܣγһѪ֮гֱӶȥ
Ѫ֮һֳַ֣̾˸ͷ­ȻΪһͷѪžŭѸٽӽӡ
У̺ˣ˫֮һĶͷʱ֮ϾͷɳһȼյӣǰһָɲǷɳһһƬĻ𺣣Ǿͷȥ
֮ص£Ǻǰһͬһɫ磬͸Ѫ𺣣ֱٽӣ̧ºݺݵһģ
зٴƺſǰ³һһƬȻȻһɽ½Ƭ
һǺһƬϣӷ֮ºˣĶӣ˫ǰһ˧Ͼ¶ʹ֮ɫƤ϶ʱѪݣһۿȥ⡣
ϹʿսȻһ죬ȴһֱڲ֮䣬˿̿ԷƤϳֵѪݣȴһɫ¶裬һץǰдѷ֣óһӡ
ͨɫʯ졣
ӳֵ˲䣬ǺȫѪһһƿѪˮȫͬҰ޵ĵͺУʹһڹ𣬻֮£߿ȻΡ
һΣ̾ͳӣɫأһ˺һҪ򿪣һ˲䣬ŲͻȻһ٣ɫ¶Ӹ
Ǻ߻һѪǰϢһֻϵֱ̧ۣʳָĵǰ
һ㣬ͷ·ǺԼӭײһ㣬üײǲϵָϡ
һ٣ָͬһֽףֱƿüͷǣ͸˹ȥ
һǺͷ­ֱӱһƬѪܳɻηɢҲǲУˡ
У߳һˣɫƽ˿ܣ¶һ˿п
û뵽Ȼ
𡣡ɫ˵
ôĶ޷֣ͼʲôüͷ
𡭡֮ǰȸʱһѷһ仰ʵ϶ﱾͬǰ֮˵ķԸȴûκε˿ԼĵһµĴڡ
߳Ĭ֮̾ҡͷ
޼ӣ㵽Ҫʲô
ʱ˿̣֮ѪУǾ޴׶ʯϣɭϥлվӣ̧ͷѪɫգ¶һ˿΢Ц
һΣɱ㹻ˣЦɭһһ˺ʱѪɫȻһѺۺ֣һƬڣǴ˿̾󲿷ʿڵޣ
Ѫɫ·޾ѪڣʿЩ˴˿һ׷˫ۣն


1130 ʬ
ɭĻصѪɫڣ޾Ѫ̷ŭХ֮Ѫ糱ƶ
ɭһͷ췢Ʈ֮Цٴһ˺Ȼ֮춯أȴѪɫдڵѷ죬ٴα˺һۿᴩա
һĻͷ·һŲ˴м˺ֳһ㣡
˲䣬ѪһʿӰ磬ȥɭһָ֮£ߴ̤ޡ
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ѪٽĹУѪ䶯ȻͻһѪ֮¡ЩϹʿһͬѷڣȥ
ͬʱ֮ڣŴϹʿ룬ʱչһȷѪ꣡
һУֻΪЩϹʿ߳ѷɲǣ߻صɭһ仰
Ҫ֮أѪ֮㣡
ЩϹʿߣֻڴɭķӡ޷ӳȫΪϾɭӡҪʿһͬɢſתһпԵһӡߡ
ֻǣһǧѪķӡϵɭĲԽԽ죬һϵķӡǴΪЩɢӡʿϵķӡҲһͬˣͷųΪҲԶԶس˵ֵһʱ
֮غӰһѪ߳ϹʿͬǳѪ˫ĿԵ侲ɭ֮չɱ
ʿʿԺηȫЩϹʿǣ޷ʿչѪ꣬ѪѪȴӵо춯صͨĳ֣Ȼʹ̳ѹ
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ѪڴһѪޣصͲҪʩչκͨƾ޷ٶȣһ֮¾Ϳʹǰʿȫ
˿ڣһȺʬڵʿΧһʿļ֮ʱͻȻԶһƬâ
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Щʿ˫ͫ˲䣬Ӵͷײ֮£ǰļʿ㣬һ¾ͱͷײϡ
Ƕʱַһײһ㣬һ£ȫͬʱһαΪѪ
ԪҲ޷ѣһ֮Ѫڡ
µʿҪ㣬ǵУѪȡһУȴͷһ֮£һͬʱӴʿС
Ǵһ桭һɨ˵ʿ׷
һ˵ʵϣֻϢ
һֱѪԶԶزѪٶȵĴݶ
ʬ֮һ·֮ϴ˵ظʿֻҪѪκλڣȫԪѪա
޷ٶȣѪΧɨһȦϵʿѾǧˣӸΪӴ󣬳ɣԶԶȥѹˣ
һͣ٣ֱڻȥ֮죬ֻɼѪ˸ȴۡ
ʬڰ˵磬ǵǰĸϹʿӶݣȴҲӲ˵׷
ʬڰٲһ⣬ɫ䣬ɫɷһƬһ
ϱΪȴǾ춯أһ·֮˴δֿϹʿȫ˲Ϣͱ˷ӡߣ£ǰӶݵĸʿδӳԶһӳ鴤ٶһӾ
ձʬڰеһˣһ˦ۿĸʿҪߡ
ʱԶѪɫһ䣬ͬʱ̧ͷȥǵΪȻһ۾ͿǰһӴѪХ
Ѫ̫󣬼ˣ֮Ҳͫһ
ʬ󣡡һϷ̵ͺ
ûκԥȫϥڵأ˫ǰһӣͬʱȻϳһƬ˲ϢͻһƬɫ
ûͣ٣ת֮£ʹﵽ˽ɴСһˣ˳͵˲䣬丹λõİˣȻ
һڸм䣬һȥۣһȥұۣ˫ҲˣؿڸһˣˣͬʱϥͷΪ˾ۣ֮
һɲǣ˫ĿĹ⣬ӳ˯Ȼѣһ޷ݵӴϢ̴ںȻ
˿̣ԶѪХɨѪһͷײֱӾһ
䣡
춯֮˲ϢԴ˵ΪܷĻص֮أһ̣֮дڵʿȫܵؼ𶯣׷׺Ȼң
Ѫײŭ˫ֱסͷ֮ڣӵŵŵŲϵغˣһ˾ǧɣ
֮ϵشȫǳ˴Ƭѷ죬ϥ˫ڵĶˣѪɫȴǸΪ
ͺһ̤һ֮ϵ˴Ƭȴûбֹס˺˵ơ
ڰ˫ͺ˲䣬һɰ֮ڳץѪ͵Աߺݺݵһ˦
ѪӶʱ˦˳ȥȴûͣ٣Ǳ˦βɨֱˣ˲ͺХٽ֮ٴλصһκˣȫѷࡣ
Ѫ֮ͷһӣ˽ľ룬ȴҲͬٶȣֱӳٴײˣ龪֮ϣ˽ڽںˣƬ룬ڰ˸ɫ
ʱڸλõߣ˫Ŀ˸Ĺ⣬ͺȵʬ󣡡
ڻص˶Уһ̣ѪٴײͬߵķݣԶԶı׿
Ѫͷ˿ҲһƬģȻϵسײҲЩܲסѪȴǺ˫ۣһײȥƺ˱ݣ
Ǳ׳ˣ˺˫۱סӣ˫ϥ˻һԲһ㣬ȫѸںϣֻ˲Ϣʱ䣬󷨵תʬ󣬿ٵת˵
չѪǰģȻǾˣһ޴ıǿµǣȻı⣬ɢĹ⣬Ȼ̺˾綾
˿̣֮еɫӰ磬Ϲʿһɱ⣬űĿ⣬׷ϣ


1131 һս
Ѫȥ˲䣬ǱҲ˺󣬶ʬڰӡٿ£ֱ֮Ѫȥ
˫ԽԽתۼݺݵײһ
¡֮ȿնǱѪͷɲǣ̾ͱǷһ֮𵴣һѣֳ˰˷
䱬˲䣬һǿĳǱıֱѪײͷ֮ϡ
𣡣
Ѫһŭ𣬸Ǽ̺ʹӴһ֮£ȥӱѪɣһƬ֮ɫ˿̣ȴһƬĹ⻷ƣĹ֮֮صȴѪҪ׵ı⣡
ԶԶأѪ۶ݣʹȻлص
ӱڷѱİ˿˿һһڻ¶ʬ֮ڵ߿ڣ߳ӣȴһѪһѷüĳ֣˲壬һΪ
Ƭ̼䣬ȻһƺƮΣĬĬĿıߵˡ
壬޷ܸղ֮
䣬һһץѷֺʱڷɳһߵɫƵĹײġ
ɺ۶ɵӰһΣ͸˹ײĽڣƬ̺ײĸǺһɣӹײڣһ߰Сͯӡ
ͯһӣ˵˵ͷ
׷֮ǰóײĵն˵
ûκԥȫ缲ֱۣѪ֮׷ȥ
˵֣֮ǰѰѪⲨƵĺۼֱǴ֮ضȥȴʲôҲûз֣ΨزſµĲ֮ƺ֤֮ǰΪҵ֮ͨս
û̫ͣã̸ı䷽ߣδ߳Զ̾Ĳ֮أȻһޱ޼ʵɢ
𶯶Ա˵Ϥȴļǵãɭ߳Ѫһ̣˵Ҳ𶯡
ûãʧ֮أȴǶϰٵΪǿϢͷƤ飬չȫٶȼۣԶԶؾҪ뿪ǴϢ֮ء
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ӰϹʿΪ൱ھڣΪߣﵽ˾ڴԲֻһ
ֲ˼һץ̴ǰֵĴѷץ˻ɫֽһؿڣʱ𣬾ӻһƬӰǰ
һ¾ͱɫ֪ղŵһ̣ȻѪ򿪣߳˴Ϲʿ
ЩϹʿΪ֮ν֮Ȿǲ֮£뵽ɭĴڣһУҲͲֿ˼֮ˡ
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ڣһԲȥһξɱһǼ׷ȥһǰٴϹʿл֮Σ
ʶһɨĿ˸Ȼһ٣ͣԭأת˫кת֮£ֵ⣬һƬõĻɽ֮Ӱصϡ
ӡںϣܿܵûɽԽʵ󣬼棬ȴһ£ЩĻɽͳͳʧ
˵Σգսپ̧ͷУԶ쳤ƷκХǰһΪ൱ھԲĺߡ
ٶ죬Хٽ˫ۣһ˺̧ǰһָͺȵ
һֶȻعȻ٣ǾԲĺ̾͸ܵϸ˿ƾճ֣Լϣ̾ͣһ¡
ΪϾǾڣʩչ̾зɣ̶ֳȵķɣѹ£̺ˡ
ǾԲͣ٣Ķϣȴٶȷɿ죬һһ£Ƕ϶ʱͳ˳ٽְɵ˲䣬ɱ˸˫ǰһָȵɽ
һǳĶǰʱɽȻһɺƵ֮̾ܣɫһ䣬Ҫı䷽򣬵ʵϴ˵ͱֲãʲôλãֻҪǽɣɽͨ
߰ᣬּ˺˲䣬̵ͺ
̻֮صɽҽ£γһɻ֮ɽɽȻγһɳܵȥ
ɽ֮ͬʿռݾƣ˿̺£ȫǱѪ̾Ҫˡ
ɱ˸˺ɲǣһһֱӳһ˫ָɽһֱָӵüġ
߱ɽ֮ش˿ȫһӺȻһƬѪɢֻǰȴ¶˽ѵ΢Ц
Цݣ˫ĿһȥҪ˽һˣʱͻȻһǿҵΣȻص˫ͫٲȥɱˣԲ˼ĽǶȣб˲ƶˣ
Ӹո뿪ɲǣԶѪ죬ȴʬڰ֮˵ѪХȫһС˿ѾΪȥΪˣ
ٶȣȴûа٣֮ŻҪ죬һ֮ٽߺɨǾҵĿ棬ʹ̲˸ڸǴ֮ȴһѷؿڳ֣ʯͷķ˴
̧ͷУѪѾԶԶȥֵǰ֮ǰסľԲߣɽ֮˵ľʿȫʧȥӰ
һɺӿ֣¶Ȼ뵽֮ǰѪϿĲӵɫ̾˲ƺˣչȫٶԶԶ뿪֮ǰ֮
ǣһ۾Ͳ³Ѫˣ˿ӶݣôȻ󣬶Ȼ׷׷Ѫʿֲû׼ʱͻȻ
ûãа˵ХֱѪߵķ׷ȥһһӣĿңңĿһۣһȴûͣ٣תۼߵʧ޾ͷ
Ŀһһץ׾дѷ֣óٷƤؿںǰһ塣
ٶȣٴδﵽһǧ޵۷壬ֱǰңңȥԼָоɭҪˡ
Ѫһ·ۣŭϣ壬˿ѾһΪ˱ǲӵ⣬Ϊŭ˿ƾٶȣƬ֮صλá
Ѫӣ֮ԴлƬ̣һɲɣϢʱܣѪȻſڣϷһ
֮£һ֮Ѫڴ˲֮أ


1132 ޼
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˴ұͿɶȹ߽еĵһ𣡣


1134 ɭ
ѪȻҲֻ֣Уʿֻһ㣬ĺҹͨ£ʿδٽԼͶ
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ΪɭһƵ˵Ļص£ܵĿռѷʱͳ˴ƬѣʬڰѪɫУҪˣӴĹǰκξ룬û·
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ɫٴκȫ˫һ죬ͺ޾ԪȻۣ˫ʱһƬƬû֮⣬ǻ𺣣⣬ȺɽȺɽ⣬޾
֮£ͨ˲֣˫쿪źĹֱ۹ȥ
һʱ֮䣬ռѷҵĲ֮ϣԶԶȥͷ·̻ɭ˫ϲϵš
ЩͨȴֻɭֱƬ̵ͣ٣ں˵Ƭ̣㹻Ӵɭ˫ڳ̤գֱͷȥ
޼ӣ˿ٲ֣ݹϷصŵĪҵԼǰУͺȡ


1136 
ص˲䣬ɭͷ˿ŹǵڣĿϥڵʿ˫ۣ˫Ŀ͸飬ֻпɬ
³ӣϷûԼΪ㡭뿪
ռѷڣһɣſ⣬شֻǣɭüĵĸǵ˾⣬ԽԽҪǰǵһ貵ĹУȴԽԽ΢ֱ׵ʧ
ʧɲǣںɫ˲䣬һ𾪣Թ˽⣬Լ˲²У޼ʧһλص
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ɭüĵĵڣһƬڣֻԼӣܵĻȴģ壬ֻǴ˿̣ɭѣز˵㾧˸
ϥʿէһ糣ϸ۲죬ȴǻľĿϥе°ѾΪһ壬ֱ˴ˣһ
˵ľ⣬ҲǴ˷ͻȻ֣ǴʿƮÿֳһ˿⣬ʿɫͻ԰һЩһЩ
˿̣֮⻷ƣȫ壬Ҳ˲ϢήƤһ㣬·һá
ȴûҲֻĬĬĶȹ¡ֻǣģֲĻʹŤʹǿתΪ̧ͷһ
ǺͫɫΪأֱȥ˫ĿĶɭüĵĿǵ㣬ڸղŵһ˲䣬ĸܵ޼ӵǴﴫ
ǣʶɨȴûκη֡
뵽޼ӸղŵĻ𶯣ԥĲ˺
ǣӲɭ˫Ŀڣ֮ɫŨ͸һΪϵɫ֮
㽫޼Ӻ󣬱ǣɭصأ̧ҽǰݺһ̤һ˲䣬üĵĸǵȴǾⱬ
ǾǰǵȻͬԼƺҪʹɭ̧ҽţֱͣһ¡
Ǻ˱ںˣ˿ȴתһץжһѶϽ˽ֻһ룬⽣ֵɲǣȴ̾һ޷ѹ
ҧһѪڶϽ֮ϣɭֱһ˦ȥ
ϽХһɾ춯صɱ뽣ֱӳɭƬ̵ͣٺָҽź¡¡£ȴǶϽӴ˲䣬ŭһҽһƬѪ⸡֡
ȴǶϽȻ͸˹ɭҽţֱӽڣһ·񣬴ȴ͸ֱɭ沿ȥ
ϽٶȣԶԶسʿǴﵽ˥еľ磬ҲϽ˿̵ٶȡ
һֻһǶϽʹѪ͸ɭȣٴһȻٽɭţֱüĵǡ
˿̣ڵľ˸Ϊ룬ƺ޼ͼǶϽƿһбݣٽǲʮɣǵǾﵽ۷ɲǣɭüеǣȴͬ˸ǾУھȻ߳һˣ
ãͿԭӣͷɢȫǳ㣬һǶϽԱߣ̧ǰݺݵһ
һķˣֿһĶˮ̺ĳֹô˵Щǡ·عŴȥĶı䣬˶䡣
ǶϽ֮ȻֹͣĽϣָƾǶϽҲӲָ֮䡣
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Щ֮ؿڼٵص˵ڡ
һĻһɬ
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ǵ뿪üĳɲǣɭĿǵڴ֮ȴǾⱬйγһ谭ַɳĵǵ⡣
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ڣ޼ѪȫƾŴ˿Ϊһ壬ҧֹǵǵɣ֪³Ҳ̵ôκ֮
ҪΨƴһо³ӣˣպһ
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ĬĬһĻɭǿ֮ǰͿ˾һ˿˽⣬ۿȴ䲻ͬ
ǺХٽìڱ˵ìͬոһ飬Уìֻһ
ϽХ˲ϢìһϽĴС޷ìȣƣȴֻһ˿˿̶ײ֮£ܸͿϽìȴǺȻһ١
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Ǻ߱ɭǵɣִ˿Ψһ뷨ìһУԥǰһζٶչ˼ޣֱӴìǰ
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ûֵֹìХղŵһһȴǸ˺㹻ʱ䣬ʧڣӣʬڰȫʧ
ìХֱײϣһɾ֮˺ڣĻصӸһ߳̾ͱѪή˫ȸ鱬ѪԪ֮иǱ룬ʱ
ЦĿ¶ޣɭˣڵӣۿǾ֮һβ¶񣬾ҪʹԱԪӶ֮ʱ
Ǻ˳Աߣһץסӣ˸֮ʧӰ
ʬڰòӳУ˲䣬Ǿ֮ͬʱһ˵֮γӰҪǰӶݣǾ֮£Ϣˡ
ʣµ˿ó˹ײģռٴӶݣǾ֮̾ٴα
ѭϣǧɵľ룬˵ȴĩһ㣬Ѫӿһ
ʣʬڶɢӶۿǾ֮ನ٣ͻȻһȦƻûͻȻֱֻۣһץסˣקȥ
𣡣¶ϲûκηֱ۰קУ˿̣ìನ֮٣ڣڶ˵ƺ֮Ȼͦסʧˡ
ȸ⣬֮ϣһΪѰɽڣ˫ۣһ˲Ļ㱺͵վӣһӣŮʬ봢ѷ죬ȥ󷨣ǰһسɴʧӰ
ʱѾǿգȸǼΪңԶȴûκͣ٣һֱۣɫ԰͸δоηڲʼոɭǾ仰
һŹ֮ǣΪţ
ɭǱȹ߽٣֣Ҳһȭ֮СϿɬ֪ɭǷףԼ޷ٶˣҪ뿪ԶԶҲҪӵ˶Կɭ֮
ɬӰһʧسɴ磬Լµĺ·һƫƧķϡȥʥڼʥǰһ󷨡


ھž ƺ֮


1137 ѩ
ϲģвٷ˳ǳشڣʿˣʶҲһͣ˿̣ϺؼƮƬƬѩڴϣһЩׯڣúͯ˸߲ҵˣ
һգǴһشĽգյԨԴȻɢʷĳڣʱѱ󲿷ǡϰףȴǲ֪Ϊϰߡ
ҼһѩУ˵ƻƺÿһ˵λãЦ֮
ǺҹƻƬƬѩӳ£ܱȲϰ죬عҲɼ
ѩУһĬĬǰȥµһӡֻӡûñ㱻µѩԽԽɨȥһкۼ
һ£ͷҲǰɫģѩͷϣԶԶȥƺֲѩ뷢
ʵĺ紵ѵϵѩᴵһЩѩڣ֮ٴ£ɡ
ڵ֮ѩУţµѩܺ񣬲΢ĸֻ֨֨⺮£ԶԶشߣѩ
⺮Уϵİܱдŵ£ϴЬҲܵƺη庮䣬ĬĬӭŷ磬ӭѩĵ벻òȥĿɬѩУǰƽԭǰС
ı̺źѩ·ҪֹҵĽŲֻǴϣȴǷֱĺܡ
ҹѩУܣụֻ̂з飬ֻѩС
Ҳ֪˶ãŲͣ£ڵλãһۿȫɫ֮ѩ
һƽԭ
Ǵ˵ˡ̧ͷƽŻ谵գƬƬѩǰ䣬̸Ǵء
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ûѩǧɴأ¶һ󷨣󷨺Ǹӣദλһʯѹš
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ԪѸԪ£ÿһε£Ԫ񶼻Ӳձһ˦Ԫ̷õӱŤתһС
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£зϵشͨϥе̧ͷ˫ƽԻΪ
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ƽԭϣҲʧˣΨһЦΧɢѩѹסء
ƽԭǧɿյأҲѩнͬһ·Ľӡȫʧˡ
׵Ĵɽ磬һƬˣһżΪأ׽죬ϹšԶŵΪڣ˴ϵͬҲ˲ͬʽ벻ͬ޷˫ʿԸϣкܴĲͬ
˵ɭϣģһɣɣԼʱȫ
ҫʤһУ
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һڵƺڿȥ·ǿգһƬ⣬Ҳƺֵ
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سɴ磬£ҲᱻصĸţҲãЧȴǲ
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ͬģƺڵƶȣҲжλƺŨȲͬ⣬ֳ˾Žף
ŽףʵϾǾŸĻΣΧһףڵھŽס
Ī޴½ƺڣŨŨУԶԶȥĪ޴½֣½λãһʵĺɢ֮⣬Ī޴½ʹǿе޷½ڣ֮£ɢһЩʹ½⣬һƬ
ƺ򣬲ûǣǵΪϡ٣󲿷ּ߽ϵһ١
߽µڣģƯǿյĴ½һƬƬ½һƺڵɡ
Ī޴½ıҹлˮˮ裬أ֪˶ãֻǵѾïܵҶȫһ㣬ƺˮ£ѹƵ̧ˮߣҶӱԵһŵкȥ
һֻֻС޶ڽ䣬ĬĬвϣʱɼ̵СߣϷһˮдҹ˵ʳʱ
һƬ֣ˮУƺҶĴ⣬죬ԵһƬ
ʱѺҹֵĴɲ
ڴֵһƬɴСĿյأﱻóһ󷨣ˮ£һЩϴˢʹ󷨣
ûʿһػȴʿҲǰ뿪󷨣ȴûлٻƺһϣ
ҹһƬ˲䣬ͻȻֻ֮¡£׵ѹ
ɫĹâ𣬽ػ󷨣յˮһµٶƺ·֪һƺˣһƺĴɽʿҪ֡
꣬ԽԽ󡭡ԽԽࡣ


1138 
ƬңԶĪ޴½һƬɽɽǹŹ֣ѣǳɻλһ
⻷ɽڣһƬӴء
ڸ¥ҹеƻֻǴ˿̣ȴһɱϢƺˮҲ޷Ɐѹ£յ磬Ҳ޷Ɐɢ㡣
ɽУа˸ʮɴϸľ޴ӷɢڰ˸򣬱˴֮ľ룬û˿Ĳͬɽһ㣬бŲʡ
ھ·Լɵľ룬˸ʯһӴĵӣԶԶȥ¹ۣ˸ʯ֧һ㣬ڰա
۳˰֮⣬Ѱ˹ӣУȴ̲ϣִء˿̣ˮȻ֮ʱ⻷ɽڻص
ׯϣһ̣ƿˮȴʹ·ڣϢŨ
ڣһ¥߳ʿŮףŵۣˮϣʪͷûʩչκͨűĬĬϷɵĵۣˮϣ۽ǵһͬ˳¡
ϷĵУϥһˣ˴üĿֻǴ˿̣ɫ԰Ѫɫƽ
ǰˡһŮһһŮΪ⣬ʣµˣߡ
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ʦ𣡡Ů࣬ǰĳߣһĻĻи֡
ˣɫԱ
ϧϷΪʼṳ̂Ļ֮ǰ˽ԪһУҲͲᱻ֮ȫԪ³ҡͷɫвʣģȴΡ
ʦϵĪ޴½󷨣нΪûлҪŭҹԪϡӣսȭͷ
˳ĬɫԽԽ԰ףһ˵ˣض⣬ǻǲҪĦˡвʣзڴʱҹԪǧĩλΪʦͿɺЦȪˡ
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Щһ֮ˣ
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Ԫڣصڿ֮ɢűŲᣬã塭
йԪڵӣȥĪޱѰһ޵֮ˣͣǡ׷
Ī޴½֣ջؿյĿ⣬ˮ䣬ϣĻѩʪѩˮ˳£ֻǰߣĵϡ
˵ѩƺ꣬һֱ̣˴ˡ
ʱѩͣʱӭƺһƺĿ߽˴


1139 ţ
ֻڴڣŢʱһСߣǿһЩȭͷСĸˮԾƺˮ
ƺֶһжİ֪Լ֮ص̤Ţн˼
Ϊ˶ɭֻɭΪƿݣʱƺǿУûԲ֮ء
䲻ϵӱܣ羡ƺվȽŸȹ߽ٺ˼δ֮·ֿ˿Լ˫ȣɫ¶ǡ
ҪǣҪƺ֮˵ݣƺʿ֮С̧ͷµˮͬ˵ѩƺںһҪģˡ
ǰУӽͰͷı˺ɫòҲϸ΢ĸı䣬˿ΪƽˣͬһǵˮУ߳˴֡
Ī޴½꼾²ͣһֱȫʪһֱ˵ĹͷﶼĸоȫɢζˮŻͣЪ
ĪϵʿҲãҲգϰˮʿ꼾ѡչأ߳Ī޴½ǿѰΧԡֻһ꼾Ī޴½ΨһɹԪڣȴǼȫӶðһ磬Ī޴½۶ȥ
ǳ߿գˮֿһ·ǴӵϿȥȻῴһʢ
ڷˣ꼾ʱڼ¯ԣŷڵůʱŴƽУȴܰ
ˮһλĪ޴½ȴⲻǧеԸΪҲдɵԻ飬ڱȴܱԡ
꼾֮ʱҲˮֵʱ򣬶Ī޴½ķ˵ˮһζΪʳڴ۸ƫߣȻǹӦ
ˮĴÿһ꼾֮ʱ֯о֮ˣǰȴȥץˮµ꼾Уһ˵ЩΣÿһλǶᱳźܴȫǻŵˮ
ͬģЩץˮĴصʱǵļ˶ᴩ£һЩСӸں棬˷ܵŸ׸үүһˮûÿʱЩǶ˸߲ҡ
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ֵܣǱˮˣסӣ꼾ȥɽ·ͨˣ˳ɽ·ͿԵǡһµĴ󺺰еݸԱߵˣЦ
¶΢Цȭл
Ǵһ֣ЦûϹ˽ӣҲʲôȻ·ѣֵܱ󣬿ȥѺһ£ֵסȥ
ԱһµŮӣһۣͬ¶΢ЦҲûȥԼǰæ߼˼ȥѺһϴĸɾı졣
ڴҹ˲ھӣȻ˾ƣһԣž룬һߺţһߺЦǰЩˣľһƬ͡
ƹѮЩЦһʮ꺺վžǰЦֵܣۼ˵ˣҪ㣬Ƕҧˣ֮Ϻ˵ţһڰľȫ¡
ϴ΢Цδľ̳ߺݺݵعһڣһЦƲҰ
ܺ˫һкã˼ˣסںݵĺЦȥүӵµ̳ˮֵ֪Ǳˮľƣҵģ
󺺵ҡͷһЦȥݣֶ֮˹ȥʱó̳Ʒһԡ
ʱعȥһαһ£꼾ܻûнȴѾС˲٣ÿ컹ôһСջжݵķ磬ˮҲͣЪ
ֺܻӭƺѾƽʱǰȴˬھӣǽеݣﲻˣЩ缲Ĵ񣬶һһֵ֤ҽ
Ǹǽһµľ֪֮ľݡ
ʱһֱȥȴɭΣȴ޵еȴеĶթô˵Ǻڴġ
ϲƽϲӵաֻǣףͬ꼾жݵ죬ܿͻʧ
Ԫڵʿ½Ī޴½ıһһѰ֮һʵķˣЩ꣬Ҳꡣڰ׷ߣҲҹֻǣȴûо߱ߣУһ£Ȼһֱа
ˮ壬һ죬Ҳʿʿʮ꣬ΪȴѾͣΪСгΪ̳
ʿ̬ȱ䣬ˮʹôһľӷ߳ˮвĪ޴½ķˣûв֪ʿߣףǰʿŭɱȫˣҲֻ˲顣
üͷǰСеķˣˮϿ㱻ʹʼձָɾ
ǰЩȴˮУˮʪ·ϴ̹ǵĺ˻һЩЩͯ˿Ӳĺıߵĸĸ
Ѿվ˿һ㣬ֻǰǸʿȴʼûл
ϡɣˮܲˣҪǰ־סĴ󺺣˿̲˵ߵСŮѾɫ԰ˡ
ֻû˵꣬˫Ŀһô󺺵Ļȥ
һ˵СС꺮ܲˣܳΪʿߣ̺һ˿Ϊʹǰһصɫ԰
վȺУɫ̧ŲȺ߳ȥ
һ㶣Ҫȳ⣬˫۾¶ãĿƿЩϣƽ˵Ƕȥ˰ɡ
Щһ£ܿ͸Աźӣٻص䣬ǲûз֣ɢȥ֮ʱֵֺһӣһεÿһڣеĺ⣬ȫ
ҹУǰ棬ں󷽣ɫãȴʧ˻ꡣ
Ԫһεж˽һ£Īޱһʮһˣʮ߸Ϊ꣬ꡣЩ˷׷ױĪ޶ĹԪɽţǻɽڣס
ԪĴϣʮһ˼ΪӣЩɢ¡ĴΨһŮ̷ߵУһˣΪţԱˮ塣


1140 Ԫ
ԪԷڵһ¥⣬ϲɽУҲӣɽһƬļľУһɫĸ¥ϵڶ趯֮
̷ϲɫһڹԪڼ֪ס֮Ϊ죬̷ҲԺɫжӡ
˿̷̣ƴһϮ㷢ɢƽɫв԰ףɢıüĿ֮Сʹ͸ͬʱҲһ˿֮ɫ
ֻͬλʦ֣Ҳûʸȥǳ˵ķˣΪǵΪ̷֮ƣҪһס
ڴԲ̷ƣƹԪڵһŮںպգ˼ߣв٣ֻǰʦԲΪЩʼûĳͻʦĹ棬ȴʹԪڣʱڡ
£̷ƵУһöͨɫݺݵУ֣ס
¶裬ȴֻͣ飬뵽ȴʹ裬ŨһЩ
غһǿǰվɫǵŮӣǽɡ
̷һֻӣӾŮԣԶܿΪߣֻ֮
ܿò˵ûʦҲΪԸº͡
ʱ½߽ĸɫ԰׵꣬ĸӲ˷ǴҴϢͷЩ޴롣
̷ĿĸɨϴǸԴºˣĸʺѰܷΪ֮ӣͿһºǵ컯ˣûеõʦµĿçϿɣͰͻؼҡ
Ůӹǣĸ£ȥ
ʦ𣬻ˡǵЩˡܿһ
̷еɫ򣬺ݺݵסĬƬ̺ҡͷˣºˣΪʦ飬°ɡ
ܿԥһ£һ̷еɫſҪ˵Щʲôգ̾һ߳š
һֱܿȥ̷ɷһʹ˿ͬһɲס֮ɫɷȫȡ
¬ϣ̷ƼҲ˫ޣ
Ⱥɫ¥⣬ˣ֣߻꣬һɫӣءһòãüĿд֮ɫһҲôһЩٷζ
ܿǵ£Ӹ¥߳һۣڿʱüͷ
վȣҴǻɡܿһӣ̱һƬƻû˻һɽ£ֱ·̵ϲȥ
ʱԷԵһµԺ⣬ԺŲٻݣм䷿ᡣ
ɢɫ԰ףһڵϣԱȻǸղŵٶ̫죬һη죬˵ӡ
Ǵ꣬ҲѪɫӲȴû³
ɫƽĿԺڵЩľϣϸһһȥ
ܿһۣĿһֵƽǲ⣬˿̿ĿЩҩϣɵ˵ʶ
һֻ֡ڣջĿ⣬ƽ˵С
ܿϸĿ˿֣˵ȻʶһЩôԺչЩҩĺˡ˵꣬һĴ̶һöƬһӡ
̷ɳֱԶʧ
ʿͨǴڣ̾ͼ꣬Ҳ¶ʱԶХٽʿ
μʦ𡣡ʿվܿǰɫ
ס֮ھǰǡܿԸ߽꣬ͥԺعͷָ֣˵
Ůӻͷһָǳȴ˱䣬ҲЩ˵ķˡ
ɫݣ߽Ժӣʱһҩ棬һڱˬ֮Сɫ糣ȴȻ˾ȣΪԺڵĲҩкܶѾ֣򣬶ҲѾ
Ժסָܿһǰľݣһֱڹ۲֣ʼվǰ̫֮ƽˣƽʿ˵ǰţôڶûаһ㣬ǲ졣
Ҳûж룬һչҩĵķ˵˼Ŀھ㲻֣ߵмľڣϥȻƴҪʵ֮ԱܰʦһЩ
뵽ʦɫܿо˿ɬ֪ʦòܶͨʿǣ˴ʦ棬Щ˱
뵽λʦҳ̬ȣܿҧ´
һλûеʵΨз굤ˡ뵽굤Ŀ£ܿĬƬ̣ĿѾܸܵԼ⾳һ˿ͻƣƺʵѾԶ
ܿߺ΢΢һЦһܵҩݣԼľݣ֣ľݲ󣬳һŴ⣬ľ
յϨ͵ơ
˸ڴϣľݶɫ¶ɣѾܾûӰˣǱˮ壬ڣΪѵõĸܵĻƽ
޵̶ȣ˴֮⣬Ҫľĸ򣬶ڵ⣬˿ƽͬʱҲưסһЩģ
١ڣǴ֮䡭¶΢Цı۾
ʱɫڸһƬڣֻ˫ۣûȥ͵Ƶȼ˯֮ϥ£˫£һ³һΣʱһΪ
뱾ԪԷľڣ뿪
ϥһƬǣĹͷһƬкڽһĻ˿ᵹ
ӣ֮ȸʥʱҪңƺƸء
ʵڵȸʥ뿪ȥ֮ɽʥʱ־Ѿٴ뱾ںϣֻǱϳ⣬ںˣĹ֮Ҳʣ޶ࡣ
һ߽٣Ϳ˾ļ䣬ֻе֮󣬲Żһе٣û뵽ϣһǰˡ
һΪ֮֮٣ȷǿű𣬳ĬƬǰһץ̱дѷ֣ƮһȭͷСѪ
ЩѪɢѪ⣬ȴı˷ڣûаɢ⣬ЩѪһӣѪֱȥںϣذѱ°ȫڡ
˫Ŀһֱӳصףʧ˷Уڵصײϵ³У뵽Ī޴½ϥĶ˫ۣʼѪڵϢ
ڱ߽ٵǰͿ˾ļ䣬˲²ĹĹȣƣҪȹһ𣬱ҪӵйѪ
ֻĲ²⣬嵽ܷɹĶȹһе٣ûаա
ĬУʱţ峿⣬ˮ£ֵĶС


1141 ̷
꼾Ī޴½峿ĿҲųʪƿˮڴϣˤϸܵˮ齦ڴ̨ڷڣһЩֵϡ
ܺ峿ʱĺ꣬ȴǿʹ˾һ
͸ȥˮԺڵҩݱ֮Ѱݼͺܶ࣬еҲްˮ˳Ҷҩݵĸ
ˮڣɢ˿ӷһɡ֮߳˷䡣
ŢŲžž֮˿ɡϵֶУ֮Ĵڣɫãǰȥ
ܿûнȻڷĬĬĴɣͼͻﵽʵͲֵ뿪ûгڴУҲֵ֪ȥ
ԪںֵΪûأݣΪѾмȥֻǣʩչͨԪ˿Կʿ˿ԿΪˡ
ʿԪںΪԴ˾Ϳɴؼȡ޾ԪһԪԪҲа仯ˣ̷УҲܿһЩߡ
ֻǣһ˿ԴǴڿ˵ɵ˪컯£˵ȻѰʿȣĪ޴½ܿΪߣûС
ɡһ£߳ҩԺԪƽȥһ·֮ϵҲһЩԪڵĵӣֻԷȥҴң˴˽Ҳû໥š
˳Էɽûʩչκֻͨƾ̤ɽףһ۷塣
ɽɽܴ󣬴ˮһǰȥƹڸ绮Ƶ֮
ŴʪĿԶ׳֮һƬƽĲָ֮ͣо
һûʶԼĵطһİ磬һˣƷζ
Ǻˣһ
ɫ糣תȥվһŮӣŮһ£ͬһɫ㷢ɢǺĳв԰׵ףԵø
Ůһޣ죬ХУȴŨŨĹ¶͸ĳ֮ɫֵ
ҽţƽĿڡ
ǺŮӱɨһۣüţİǿֻһˣͰѶԷɽ塣
ţŮ֮ǰӱصʮһУһˣǽţֻǰ̫֮򶨣򶨾Ǽװ
뿪Ů䵭˵ϾǴͨʿȻһ˼ƽϣ˿̾з꣬Ǳƽ
ȻһЦתǺŮ߹˳ɽ·Ҫ뿪
Ůתֵ֣򶨣ȣҪ֪Ԫڣ˹ʦ⣬κεӿἫΪţʦ֣Ϊһף֮ʱҲй
˵ˣǰӣȴ򶨵Ĺ졣
ŮĿ磬ֱӰϷԴ͸ϸ̽һ飬ջȷǰ֮ˣֻһˡ
̾һŮһ£Ը⣬˵˵
̷ԪڵλߣҪ˽̸ԷмӣЩ飬ݣҲ޷˵
ǰ꣬ûаΪֻһˣ̷УԼأҪǣƽ·߱ĳָȾʹ̷Ƶ֪Ҳƽ
ֻһ˵֮ˣʱ䣬곿ɽ壬һֻǶˡ
룬ûȥվɽԶߵƣ˵ͷ
ɽˮХܳ˷֮һƬƽ
ʮʱ򣬱ʦΪӣӴ̤޵һ;̷ƽ׷䣬ƮУš
ʶ֮ʱʦϧķɴҩģԶȥɻȡΪһ쵤ʹҳɹʶ
ǵһ꣬ʦԣʱ䣬ڰץһͷĿΪҵıޡ
̷ƿɬл˵ţǷûȥһֻۣߣ
ʦˣӴ֮Ҳ˼ˡ
̷˵˺ܶ࣬һƽţûκλʱ佥ţת۵յˮϡСͣ
ԶߵƣҲ֪ȥһƬʣһѤĲʺ磬Уȥ˵
ϵںʦʦ˫ޣҲͬ⣬ʦԪʵ֮ʣڣҹԪڿսһƫ̻ϵ࣬˳ǻӦʵġ
̷ҧ´¶ɬ
Цʦ֣˿ҳ棬Ĭ˴¡ҪһˣԪڵƽĿ⣬ĪΪҴ¬󣬹Ԫھƽô
̷ƵУˮ˳˵ϣ꼣һĬĬߵĲʺ磬૵֮вʺ磬ǡҹԪڵĲʺ磬ȴһƬ
ɫƽǺŮƺû˼˵ȥ뷨תɽȥһΣŮûǾĿߣ֮¶ᶨɷ
ͷһȥķ
ļұˣ̤ϵ;պгɾ͡ϧ
˳ɽɡ߽ԷҩԺڣܿɻڼֻصᣬ˫Ŀ˸â
֮ǰұ֪ƺ֮ȻͬǹԪڳϵԴǣƺޱޡϣж֮Ǻڣ޵硭
Ŀ¶˼뵽֮ǰǹԪڳϵĻ͸һЩ飬Ȼп԰ʶĵҩڣ
쵤¶Ȥɫ
ʼ޷Լʶ֮ʱʶ֮ͱԪճɻҺۣʶʶŵߣϦ
޵һؿƺھȻеҩԶȹɼƺ֮Ȼﵽ˵Ƿ켫Ǿ޵ĵڶҲеҩ԰һ
ֻ޵ߣ⾳򣬶ҩΪƺڣ˷չҩ֮üͷ΢壬ܿȻչ
Īǡп԰⾳ĵҩɣ뵽ȻĶĺһ
ʱȻɫһĿԴ͸ԼڵķݣֱԱڵܿϡ
˿̵ܿ˫ۣһѪɫ԰ףʵһʧˡ
һʧܣԪҧ´ܿĿ¶ϣһĴ̶һö衣
ԥ裬¶һźɫĵҩⵤҩֵ˲䣬һŨŨԪʱʹɢģһĻ̺ڡ
굤ܿҧҪ´˵һɲǣߺȻһƽƮ



1142 
شƮ죬ڶߣֺԶϸţȴ֮ڡ
ܼ򵥵һ֣ƽһܿȴȻһͬ߱γһ޷˿ߣʹܿԪڵԪһɲǣֹˡ
˼άҲȫ޷תǰС
ֵӰܿǰ
ϥеܿµ˿̺ۣⷿڸһ㣬ܿ塣
ı飬Ȼ֮ǰļ㣬һ
ܿȡǺɫĵҩϸĿȥⵤҩɫ·һкڰԴȪ֮һۣƺԱȥ
صĵҩʶⵤҩɨĿ¶˸֮âֶڵҩ˽⣬ԶԶڽ֮Ϊͨ죬ʶǵҩҩĵĽṹ
ֻо󲿷֣ʶ֮ҪǣⵤҩڣܵһĲ
˼˫۾˸ٴοһ۵ҩȷԼĸоûдⵤҩڣȷ겨ĲǿȴΪ͡
˫ָۣоԼõģһҩһͷ޵ľ꣡⾫ӣһͷԳΪŰзֻԳϣȴ̫ķӡʹ
ۣһлʧ°ⵤҩܿ˫ָ֮䣬˺󼸲ǰһָ
ǲܿε˿ȫɢܿһָһж˵ͷ·˲䣬ͬǰص
ֵΪ̫̫߳࣬£ܿûʸ쳣֮ǰĶĿ¶ᶨѵҩ˿С
վƽȥ
ܿû˿Ĳһˣµҩɫ̺¶ʹ࣬㺹Ӷͷڳܿȫͱˮʪϡ
Ӻ󷽿ȥĿǰŮϥбӰ֮ԲܿɫԽԽ죬˫ĿĸоڷһŻȼա
ȼԪ񣬽أһͷۺԳûۺԳӴŭֱԪȥ
ܿУ˿ҲǻԪ֮ǰȻˣ˿ǻںʹ࣬ȴûǽۺԳսԪǺԳ֮֮սǺԳƺҪ˺Ԫ˺ܿٳܻգҪ
ܿԪȴĲסԳǻͬʱҲڷɿǺԳ·ǺԳġ
ֻǺԳΪǿܿڱٶȣܿԪ񱻻գһܿԪڽںˣɫȻһƬǲ
굤ֻһߣһ㣬֪ܿǽΪͻƣԱܾԼ֮ʦⵤҩ
ʦдΪʦԲϧһУ
ۿԪѾԳƵ˵˾·ǺԳֻСӣһ֮£Ҫ˺ܿԪ
ʱ̧֣Ҫϸ۲ⵤҩãܿʧܣҲû¹۲Ļᡣ
ˣŮһ컯ҡͷʳָܿ飬һָ֮£ֵʶȻֱӽ뵽֮ܿС
ܿڣԪ񲻶Ϻˣ¶ۿǺԳһ˲䣬ͻȻһӰ
Ӱӣֻܿһͷ׷Ʈ
ȥ°׷֮ΪλԼУܿԪȻһŵǰ
ֻǰ׷ӰֺһָȥĺԳͲҽһѸٺˣ֮ǴӺԳڴȻͱܱĻɣ
ܿסˣһָķˣ𺳣޷һָֻǸоڸղŵһ̣һָƺȡȫԾ춯أһָ֮£·ض񷶼Ҫ
ʦ̷ʩչͨһ̣֪ʦҲ޷չľһָʦһָ£Ҳ˶
ǼѾʦʩչͨʦ棬Ҳʩչͨǰ׷֮Ķģȴ
ǰ׷֮ƺͷܿһۣһ֮£ԶԶ뿪ʧܿеģֻһͷ׷ӡС
ԳеĻγһĻһ˲䣬ܿԪڣʹٲȥ˼вдİ׷Ųϵջܿ뵽һʼ״̬С
״̬£һζζڵ⣬ص򣬴ǻڴ񡣺ԳѰޣƺеޣޣһҲ޵Ҳжصĸ
Ԫƾõ£ص򣬱֮ʿҪ̲٣ͷԳѾǧȡ֮꣬һö굤
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãܿ˫ۣĿ¶֮âһ˿ʵϢ⣬ܻûеʵѾ˽ʵĴţʱհ֮ǰĸڻͨͿĳΪʵʿ
ܿ͵ػͷȴǿκӰ䣬ֻһ˴ڣֻôҲˣһͷ׷£һָķˡ
ĬƬ̣ܿ¶ǰԺǰ׷ʼջɢģַʿΪŮӵֱԼƺӰ
ǻþô׷׷ܿ˫ٴ뵽ʦ˵ʦǰʩչͨ˵Ļ
׷ܿؿ߳ᣬһֱϲɽʦ޹ȥ
վڴԣźҹһ罥ԶȥĿ¶
û뵽ƺڣȻֵҩڡ˵ԽǿޣǾԽǶ⾳аһ㣬磬ȫֺͬȻɫһ뵽˵ȸʥڣīһͷʦľꡭ
ʱ˿̣ƺڣĪ޴½ԶһƬŨŨУһͷԼɴСһĺɫޣطС
Ӵͷ­ռӵһ룬̺һĴڣʱſ¶ɭɭѪ棬βϸҡš
ͷվŶˣǰһǸ꣬һۣòӢȴйа֣ʹ˿˱Ű
󣬸һߣվɫһƬƽֻʱ˫Ŀڣ¶簮
ڲҪ̷ƳΪ¯ҪԪڳΪСү޹壬мɰգ
ϵûǰϷûУ£ʮɣƽкһ
ԴЦ촽֪뵽ʲô¶֮ɫ


1143 
꼾£·ԶҲʼ¸ͣΣƣѹڹԪڵӵͷȥɢ
תۼ䣬ڹԪڣѾʮˡ
ܿʹʦеʮһԱķˣֻգһ֣Ҳ۲ȴûзκζߡ
ʦ̷ҲԴºӣʩչͨͼԲһЩɡ
ܿǰ׷֮ӰûʱɢԽԽ̡ʱҹдܿǰ᲻֪ĸǰ°׷Ӱһָķˡ
˭⣬һֱܿ
һܿƿţˮϽôδܿϣüֲ̧ϵΣ͸֮ɫȥ
ˮӰһεϣ˳¡ԺڣֲܿĸҩݣȻ̧ͷڵᡣ
绳ɵģֻ֣Щţ꣬ͷ·һķһƽ⡣
˵ԭܿʶֵᣬվһᣬüһֱƿš
չҩݣЩһΣܿŷСһľĶ֣֪ΪΣӿֺǻЩûΪʿƽ
ַ´ӹԪڵ伮ľľ򲢷ǹ֮ŵĵӣȥġ潲¼Ī޴½ʷһЩƺ򵥵Ľܡ
Щľ򣬾ΪŵĵӣԸõ˽磬˽ƺԱ֪ɽɽĵӶ̿С
ڿľͬʱδȫ棬˼޵顣
ƽɨܿһۣ˵ҩһ֧
ܿһͣҩݱ֮ҪһЩһЩ֮ǰѾ׼ĲиȻҲĻ
ֲ˵ľ򣬼ȥ
ԽܿԽü̧߽ڣ̱ⲻķ䣬Ȼİ֮ܿŵ㡣
ЩҩûҲûʲôϵΪ˵㣬ټЩҩݴˮ̬֮ʶ꼾ڣյ֣֮ܿ
Ŷĵ˵ͷܿһۣľһţȥ
ţֵ̬ȣܿĿһɡ
üͷٴηľĿܿ
ܿҪѵ⣬ȻĿӣȴʶ˽ҪڵĻɫ
ĳĹǲЩҩȥ£ͷĪҪšƽ˵֮ٲܿһۣľ
ֵһ£ܿûɵһ
ô
ܿĬƬ̣ؿһۣ´ת뿪˷ݡ
ҹϵȼ͵ƣһƬڣΨʱ֮
ǷɽеĹԪڣγһУʻصַеľ򣬱˫Ŀ
ͳܵľڣ˲飬ƺҲ˲̫˽⣬Ҫǣ⼸ͨǰһö򣬶˼ĥҲһЩջ˫̧ۣͷĿԴ͸ڵᣬϿգƿһд콵µˮ߰磬ֱӿԪصϿա
ɰ˸޴ʯյۣ
ǵڣֿĸܵһɲϢơ
һΣʧ˷ڡ
ʱڰһʯǵ֮⣡λãط꼫󣬺Х£ŭ
ɫ糣ƿյĵ֮ţ˽ȥ
۲󣬳һЩ⣬۵ģλõһ޴Ŀռѷ죬͸Ϲ⣬ֳһƬɫǿռѷ棬һӣнƲϷƷ
һѳһö򣬻һŵҩ
̤۵ɲǣռѷϹʱŨһ˶ͷѷ̽оӣ֡
ͨϺڣ˫Ŀ̺ŨɫĿ£ǱעߣһֻǶ˵ȴûаá
Ŀçһֱۣ˹ȥĿçͺֻȴ¶֮ɫִ߹ȴûз
ʵǰ־ѾһˣĿçǰΪڵʿһУȴɱ֮ס
û̫ĲǰͽĿЩն£ֻǿǵԼϾҪԪھסһӣһɱ˼ҵĻޣЩ˵ȥĿ
ǼԣһӣϵĽȫɢٴǰʱѾڹԪڵĹֲͨȤΨй
ϸֿһĿ¶˼Աߵĵҩⵤҩۣǰոտʱûзκζߡ
¾ĥ˼һεΪģⵤҩ
˵ƺ޹ʮף֮ҩ֮ҲԷֳʮסԪµģһöԪڴഫİ˽굤ֻǿϧһöû˽֮ķϵ¶ϧ֮ɫ
⼸ĶݵоһЩƺ磬˿ٴۣΪ֤ԼǷȷ
еҩȻȷ
̾һַµҩûаȻǹԪµĴ֮ȡߣ־֮飬ûг϶£ֵΪмȥ
ֻ迴ԣ
ҪƺķҩƺڣҵĿǾһпΪĿһ⣬ҪȥȻ͵̧ͷĿ¶֮â
Ī޴½Ե֮ϣ˿˸Ƶĺ֮صںһ㡣
Ī޴½Ưƺһɢ֮â½˿ʹк֮⣬һķá
ģʿģƺڱ߼ޣƺ޷࣬Ǳʿѱģ֮ΪޣЩƯΣʿݵģ򱻳Ϊޣ
˿̣Ī޴½ķ֮⣬Ǻ֮£ϵŤһ춯صľ£Ȼ
صĺ˲Ϣѹѹһˮ֮صĪ޴½ĴԪڣ
һͷӰɴСͨڣӴޣشƿķڣ˸£һļĪ޴½ڣ
һͷޣƲĪ޴½ķıϣһߣջ֣ϣϷ绷ơ


1144 ʺ
Цȿնޱϳ⣬һ꣬ЦصأŨŨ˷š
ӽԺԪڣ͹鱾У
֮صɫӴޣȫ뵽Ī޴½ڣվͷߣ簮꣬¶΢Ц
ЦУµĺɫǰһ壬ٶȣֱĪ޴½Ԫڶȥ
ϵˣԪڣݼɭźɫ޵ǰ壬شݿĪ޴½ǱĪ޴½ΨһɹԪڣ֪裬ǻգ߾ˣ£Ԫһжƿ֮ڣʶҲӣſһѡϷǰһӣ̾ͻһƬ쫷磬غɨȥ
һнµˮһ˲䵹쫷֮ˮòͣЩХ磬ҲһɲǣǱ쫷̱˺һ㣬ƬĻεɢԶԶȥʢ֮
һ̣Ԫеĵӣ׷״Ӵоѣһɫ԰ףĸܵһӴѹƺʱԽһ㡣
ԪڶԷɽ֮ĴеλӣһɬĬĬı˫ۣܿ͵ӻһ磬ֱȥ
ʦ뿪ϵڱţȥҲſһѣҲҪĶأ
ɽ֮ϣ̾Ϣ߻ɳҧ֮໥ֱۣȥǹԪ֮ʱǣ̣
ֻǣ̣ΣϵڵǿǸɱڣ֮ǰϵ̺ΪǹԪ
¡ʦ°ֻܽʦ棬ĪҹԪڣĽѹӴٲϲɽɫ¥ڣ̷һ£дŨŨɷԥĳâֱȥ
¬ϣ̷Ҳ㣡̷ҧ´һ·ۣ۽ǾӨˮƮ䣬֮Уֲˮˮ
ԪĴ֮˵ĵϵӣһŻ򾪻ţᶨŭɫɳۡ
ܿҲУ¶֮ɫֻǲ֪ΪΣӭŷʱвֳ֪Ӱ
һӰڷݣòȴʼƽˮһӰ°׷һָɨȥر
Ӱлƣصһ
վյڣǰһ罥ʧУҡҡͷķһԪڱԼҪȥδӡ
üͷ૵鷳һ˦ǰһȥ̽¾вƻصȻʧڡ
ǲȫѷڣֳ־һֱͺ𣬵ȴǾ²Ŀ˿̳˳ʧķһ˻𣬷֪ԷѾ뿪ʱ䲻Ÿһ
Ī޴½ĺҹҪȥ磬˿ϷХϷ󣬺ɫӴٶȷɿ죬ֱȥɫһƬƽԪڣʮģֵ
Ա꣬˷֮ɫŨɢ
壬̷ƴ˾ͿԣĪҪʧɱˣСүŪգԪɱ٣촽
ԱߵߵͷҪ˵ȻɫһֱĶǰ
ֻǰУȻһƬƻصһɺƵ֮˲Ϣǲڣ߳һ׷ӣ
׷ɫ䣬һ֣ɷ춯ض𣬺ɫһ٣һ֮ɫ˱仯üͷҪȳ⣬߾վǰ֣ɫأϵ£ѿɷ棬¹ȥ
ߵĻһ㶣ϸּۡ
㱡棬̹Ӵ֮ĪҪ̤һ䣬纮̹ǣϡ
ɫʱΪ˵ȲԪ棬Ҳﵽ˾ڣֻǰ֮˵ΪϡЩ͸ʶ֮ǰȴû뵽ԷȻš
ÿĿǹԪڵ棬ϵǰû˵ʹЦ
û˵к˸һȥ̧жʱһɱ¾֮ĳֵ壬ؼȻû
һ̣ɱ¾죡ŨŨɱ¾֮Ǵ޷ıȻʹܵˮ̻˱
ӰɴСĺɫޣȻԼߵ̾͸ܵؼɱ¾̺Σ²Ը̾ͼۺˡ
ɫ˲԰ףȴȻǵͺȣ㡭
ֻһΣû˵꣬һ˹ֱӰ˺ɫޱϣһ˦źɫĵˡ
ߣɱ˴ˣϣɫΪأ˺ɫ޺ֱӳ֡
ټɫ˿Ҳ˾ţźɫ̺ˡ
һ˦صɱ¾֮˲Ϣ˷һХֱ߶ȥ
ͫ͵˫ʱϷƶɱ¾֮ײ֮ԶԶشݿ
̧꣡һָգ֮ΪķԲɡǧɡɷΧ޾ˮȫһɲǶһ£ָ£ȫбһ֮ƣ߳ȥ
ߴ˿𺳣޷ݣǰ׷ʿʩչͨǰδţͨǿȴҪ㣬Ŀ䣬ƽ˵һ֡

ɲǼ䣬ߵ̾Ͳһ£ͣ˰գ˲ϢУ˷޾ıХ⣬ת֮£һ޴ı˰ա
ûͣ٣һץǰдѷ֣һ⼣˲ͳС
潣ߣ̧ǰݺݵһն
˿̵أд֮Уһµ˲䣬ȴضʱͱһȻֵļ֮âһ֮֡
һ֮Ǿ޴ıһƬѪɫб޷ţķѣԪҲͬ鿪һԪĳɢ
һУֻǶ̶̵Ϣ˲ɱ
һֱ޷⼫̵ʱڣԼȻĲԩɱ¾֮ǻһ߳磬ڼǰѴοһ˵Ϊﵽ˾ڣ㲻ҲҪһƤ
˵ַḻ뾭飬£Ĳԩ
˲ɱ£תԶδӳٵĺɫԼĿһк󣬲з־еꡣ
꣬ǰһȥ
Զ˿һХ־嵽˼УĴԪĴ϶У̷Ƶ
ϡ䣬շ磬ˮɢһģĲʺ磬ڳ£˳գǲʺ׷ɫ޵Ӱ׷ôҫۣӡ̷ƵС


1145 һë
ʺ£һͷ׷ƮҡĻ棬˸ĹԪĴУѪϢԪԪ˵žڷţһ֮ս
ǸոǾ޾׵һֻɲǾɢȴһ˾һսľʿ֮
һĻʹˣľ
ǵǰǰ׷ֻ֮һӰƻʵȴǵһ㣬ֱԶǺɫϵȥ
ļд̶ص̺е˼Ŀ־塣¬޵Ϊ˵ֻ飬ݵĸ߹ȴʹδ˵Σ
Ϊֵһ֮ãΪΪ±ΪƾԼϵݣڣݺᣡ
Ҳû뵽ǵڣҲ𺳵޷ţ£Ȼֻ˲䣬ͱ׷նɱԪѲ
ǰ׷У˿ѾΪؼֲޣһӰʹиΪ
ϵڣɱңҸ¬ƴӶĪ޴½ˣδйĺ£˫۵ͫǰ׷֮ӰԽԽȡȫ
µĺɫ޲мۺˣȻ󿪣ֵη壬Ǽ޼
Ұ㣬ϵڽأ׷ɱ㣡־嵽˼޺󣬷˻ѷΰڴһģжһɫĺɻ
ɻͨڣţɢâŤ沿Ҫ丸ɲǼ䣬һָǰỺʵ˲һ㣬üġ
һ³Ѫ˫ĿɢѪ˿Ѫ˳ۿ£ߵķȥ֮춯أƬƬѪڲϵȾһ·Ŀģ
ԪϡԼƮҡȴԽԽҲԽԽ΢磬ģУҲˡ
˿̣ԶԪĴǵĵϵҲѾЩһĻһѪˣһѪɫĻΣǺɫ׳һ³׵ĳΪһƬ⣬Ѫ֮꣬¡
ѪУʺ£׷ıӰĿǵС
ܿǰıӰҧ´˫Ŀ¶֮â
¬ϣˣԪһɢءֵ֮ϣһʢĺɫɻһ
¬в֮˲֣ƺʿôٻһЩãһЩϵڵɣٳ嶯Ҳԥմ󶼻ֻܣɱ
ϾƺڣϵڵͷԽǰʮ֮УҪ¬ƴ֣ʼߣڣҲǼΪټպգ
һвȴûκôһ¬ƴӣһϵڣ벻ۣ֮ûʸΪвֵĴڣ
Ʒɣȸʥ֮ɵ۰׷ˣˮɾʦܣѵɵ˪ӣЩóһԶԶһϵڿȡ
һǧ޵ľһ¬ƴӿϵڵвһЦȲɭһë
ִһ˦ʧȥˣвӶݵĺɫޣ̻һƬâߣ˿ҷ
ȻµһųգˡʺҲģǱ߿ɢ֮âأĪ޴½˴˵йԪ֮УС
׷ƮҡֵӰһ֮±ʧˡ
ʼգûκһԪʿֵ棬ΨһɼģһصıӰѩĳ
һƬΨһ֮ԽԽأԪĴϳ̷⣬໥˿𺳣̶̵ʱڣǴӾ֮Ѹٱȡı仯̫죬ڵڣһλ֮С
˭
λǰΪҪҹԪڣ
˲ɱ£ʲôΪ
һͷ׷̷¶΢Ц΢ЦʦһֱѾҲûгֹ
Цеʢ֮űз˵ò뿪ġ
ʦ֣¶˼֮ɫʧߣĬֻе𺳣ȴ絴þ޷ƽ
ݵİ֮Щϵϵĵǣ˾ҵĻ֮ӭŲʺ磬һ⣬ĴϵĴ£ŹԪڷȥ
¡¬϶ϵھưոݡĴǰУһѹ𾪣ɫԼˡ
ʦǰ˵׷֣֮ǰǰһͷ׷Ȼʦ˵֮ˣдڣ˵ҹԪڲǵ˾·
ֻλǰ˭ǷҹԪڣʮһҲ۲ȴûκη֡
ܰǵһΣͻǵڶΣ̷Ƶ͸ᶨʹ˳Ĭ
֮ãȻλǰԸ֪ô˳Ȼˡ̷һ¶Цݣ´һɰٵһϵĻᡣ
ʱԪ֮һصɽţԴ˷ɢ̷Ʋûлصϲɽĸ¥ܿһͬȥҩԺ
Ůս֮ˣ˿վһʵЩǣ޲ɷԶԶɵӿƬ̵Ļ㱣뵽̷ƵݣȴһѹҪǰݼȴվһԵܿɢȻ˴˿̣Ը˴š
ʦסܿңʦ˵
ƺڣһƬУһɫĴ½Ƭ½Ī޵࣬ԶԶȥͷ·һͷ̾עǿա
Ī½ģɫ½ϣĸɢ֮âִ½λá
˿̣ǿڣȻһХ֮ȴһͷɴСĻ״޴ڳų޵ĿĶǰɫ½ϡƿǴ½ϣһͷĸĲҽС
Ӱ磬ֱ½ȥ
̫죬գۼٽһͷײɫ½ķâ֮ϣʱ½ķâɿ˸
ǻ״ٴײȥʱһϹӴ½ڳٶ˲٣ϹһӣһϽۣ֮ԵüΪϣֻĿ䣬üͣЩɭ֮⡣
ٶ֮죬Ȼ˲ӰɲǾƿâ㣬ֱӳǿգһӣȴһƬϹ˲ϢͰǻ״ްڡ
صϹʱͻһ޴¯ת֮£ڶֻ֮ûãǺɢʧӰ
ϲһͷǻޣò˶ãĻǻ굶ͿԳɣЦϽߣһͬ۵߻ûȭЦ


1146 Բϣ
ͷ⸽ڵǻѾҪȥԶĵطſɡһЦֻǻû˵Ȼɫһ䣬̧һץǰ̾һѷ֣ڷɳһöǵһмѿƮһ˿лꡣ
ǲлӣ¬ϣ¶ǰĿ־壬ɢǰ
ڣԵЦݶʱĿ¶𾪡
ǲл꽥ɢһı˫ۡ
Աߵ𺳣˿ߵȴͷһ֪꣬ԷԽƽԽʾ籩
¬֮ǰȥã˫Ŀһ˿ȼգȴƽĿ¡
ڡȥĪ޴½ߵͷ˵𾪣һֱڻûƽ벻ףȻ˸ڣðŵϵڣ¬ƴӵΣգɱ¬ϣ
Ī޴½Ԫڡ£Ϊʲôûҡƽ߶УȴһͻȻһ飬ɫʱ԰

Ϊ޵֮ˣȻ̰ɫԴϵڵ壬Щ˲ɵŮӣԪȴ֮¡û˵꣬ҡͷһ㻺˵
Ѫɫ
˭һȥĪ޴½Ӧˣ϶⺢ӴСµչ³£ڶˡȥĪ޴½ǿйԪڵ̷ƣǱųƥĻᣬҪѹԪڵ޹뷨
߳Ĭ֪һ˵ȫʵ
̧ͷǰģĬĬĿתɫ½ȥ
ⲻӣˣӴҲһֻǣվĸףȻϲ̷ƣŮɡɱ֮ˣҲһˡƽĻƺûκεĸɫʡ
ǰġ䱳ӰһЩɪ
ߴ˿ɫΪ԰ףԥһ£ҧǰϷ˵˵Ҫȥƺȡϵᦣ˵Ҫ̷ƵĻԼ֮ǰռŮӻǶιɡ
ӱӰȻһ٣ת˫۵ƽ¶֮ŭһĿ־뾪ȫ
ӣ
Ī޴½Ԫڡ
̷ĬĬҩԺƽľݣԥһ£߽ҩԺܿں룬ǽţԼģڿٵ
ֵŹţ̷ʦͽ˰վ⣬ƺҲĬ
ã̷´ǰڣ
ڣһƽڴ̷ܿУʦͽ˲ɵһ㶣Ȼû뵽˴𰸡
ʵںܾúܾ֮ǰڣһŮӣҲʹĻõҲĴ𰸡
ϾǱǷ֡
̷ڿһЦǷҾʦһλʦ壬ΪӺƣʦ˵ʦǸգһһʧ٣δ뿪Ī޴½Ҳδȥϡ٣Ԫڣ¸̫ԶҲѾû˼ˡ
ʦ֣ҲûмֻżȻ䣬һĻʦ𵥶ҿģǻ͸ҡΪʦ棬ҵ档
⻭̫ãѾ𲻿ڷŻ·ϣѾˡ
˵һ̷ƹ뿪ҩԺӣ¶΢ЦܿʦĻͷʦ˵Щʲô塣
ϥڷĴϣ˫ĿǶɫĺɻ˿̧ͷĿ¶⣬Դ͸ݣԺ̷ϡ
̷һ٣ûлͷƽ߳Ժӡ
ôŮӣջĿ⣬̷Ƴɽһ̸⣬ûʲôӴŮӾȻͨӻ㱨˿ɽ콻̸֮ǰֳɱº¬ϣ˾˵ķ
ղŵĻֵܿǣȴ̷ȻԼǰ׷˲²⣬ƺѾȷԼӵΪҪڹԪڣԭ˶ڹԪͼ⣬ȻΪ˶ܳҡ
ֻԪڣ̷벻ʲôطԼͼ֮ʶڶ֮ܳ£Ϊȷ
һּڹԪڣҪһ˻ɵݣ̷֮ǰĻǸ֣һݡֳҵ⣬̷Ȼòԡ
һǵŮӣȴ࣬ͬüǧ򻯣ͬںףͬĽºǴ¶Ĵ
ĬƬ̣¶΢ЦӺơݣʹƺ˸
֮ƺݣľйأûע⵽㣬Щͨʿͬ͸˺ܴĲ㣬Ͼκһ򣬶ַıԴǡ
ڵΪǲô⣬£һ˵ûƣȴһ˿;
ȥ£ĿֺɫɻϣʶɢоɻǸв⣬ʶȥ̽飬ķ֣ɻȻȻһʵֲ
ֻǺһЩ򵥵ķӡѡ
ƺĪ⣬ȻȻɳɷֲڣɻǴϷӡγһǿķʵЩŪкɻϸĿһᣬַһԣĴ
괢ƷӣһЩ֮ɢķ⣬Ʒֵע⡣
һͨɫƿһ˽ɫС죬һ֧Ӥֱ۴ϸȼ㡣ȴǺϡ٣ֻвٿ顣
ϧΪ˾󣬲ҪпٳĴռ伴Ҳ޷֪λ򿪣ĻǾ߶вٵҩ뱦ҡͷǽɫС죬ʶһɨȴɫʱ
СʶɨУ̷˲ٵŮ꣬ЩŮһò֮ˣмƾһ㡣
ֻСڣЩŮһңӡ޷СУһͷε޻꣬޻ƺŮ꣬ʶɨʱ·𱻾ѣɢһɾ˵Ϣ֣˫ĿҲΪ֮һ
ǡһʶ޻˻ɫС죬ͫ
Ϣ͵վӣƽ˿̲ӿĺ
ϧֻ߱һ˿֮ķҲȫԣ뵱ӽ΢ļ̫֮࡭վһ˿üģԲΪ΢˼ֻȱͿɵڶԲ


1147 ܿʹ
ŽɫС죬˫Ŀ΢أо˸
ŮȴǴشӽ΢֮伫۷˲ʹȻɳɼȷķ
ҪļôҪڼĶ壬ƶķʽſɣ
ͷɫС죬ҡͷСڶŮֵ꣬Ŀһ۾ͿǶǺʱ䲻
ʵǺ֣һӣǽɫСڶʱӿʶͬסЩŮķУ֮ص£Щȫһһ
ЩѵɲǣСһҵŮӻǷɳĿ¶ãȻЩŮǰǸɼΪ֮ˣ˵¬Űɱӡɻ꣬ܿͻָǣĬĬǷϹſɬѣимɢ֮С
ȴǵģֻأûС
һŮӵĻɢֳĬʱȫĻǶɢǽɫСڣֻʣ˼֮ꡣ
⼫֮ͺȴЩŮӻȥ˲䣬СڳƺҲҪӶݶȥո¶ͷɲǣ˫ۺһһƣ˽ɫС֮ϡ
Ȼ䣬˸Ǽ֮ײ壬ĵ˻ȥŭ𲻶ϡֲδᣬӡǱ仯һ£׵ĽɫСӡ봢ѷС
һ˿ķԣһȻ¬УôϵڣȻ˼꣬ɫƿ
ƿͨ΢ȣԳѭһ֮ڲ㲻ϵתʶһƿʶ£ƿ͸ʹĿƿڣ֮תöҩ
öҩС࣬ɢâڸһ֮
ջʶֵĿ˵ƷϣӤֱ۴ϸȼ㣬İڣ޼Ϳƺʿȼ㣬Ի޴ӶʥڷΧ
ʱĹȥ꼾ɢĪ޴½ӭ˷ʣƺѾϰԪڵо֮
ܿסԼԱţǹܶԷʼûпڳϣܿŮԵֱȴ϶ţǰ׷֮ˡ
뵽ԷԼеӰһָķˣܿ˿̣ǰ֣г˲⡣
ݣĸҩ֮ҹԪڴ󲿷ֵҪҩݡҩݵ֪ƺ򵫷Ϊһ̶ȵʿʶ٣ƺó֮кܴǣּ򵥵ĳʶȻǰţ㶼֪
ҪȾҪƺڵҩ빦ЧסһʶҩݣȴڵĲһסԱߵܿͳΪѯʵĶ
ī֥ȱƵҩ֮һ
ɫдƽúܿʱ䣬ͰҩԺڵĲҩȫס
ûлֿһҩԺʵڵڿУ굤ĵڣ֮⣬ҪζҩУлĴڡ
лΨڵһĴ½˵ԽŨĵطлԽࡣǹԪڣֻ֪ɻʦܿ͵˵ּ꣬һ䡣
ʦ֮ڹԪڿƾס
ֵͷȥܿǵͷռķȡһЩҩݣת߻ᡣ
ȡҩݣܿʹȴұ¶ϣۿҪصݣæ˵⡭ҪȥڶԷﲻе¯ػ𣬶һз󷨣ǵըҲʲôΣա
Ҫֲδͷ߽ݡ
һֱȥܿһţ¶ޣҩԺӵҩݣŪһЩʦޣΣյһĴ½ú͸ֲ˵Щҩݴܿʦ˽֮
һ㣬ڵĵӶ֪ȡҩܿЩҩݵ̶ȼߣĿȡҩݣǲȰ边Ȼڷ뵽ҩֶ֪ȻҲ״Ρ
һ˵ըݻ٣ҩԺӶֶۣ֮ܵܿ˶ţȴǰֹ
ߣȥȻԼе¯ˣԼΪߣֻ۸СˣܿԽԽߣϥһԣŵһǵըҪԼҩݡ֮ǰĺøУ˿Ҳɢ˴롣
Դ󣡡뵽ղֵ飬ܿΪ
ΪйȴӰ첻󣬶ҪεĳԣΪٸߣ״ɹҲߣܿüȫε
ܿĲûȥע⣬ص˷ݺϥڵϣһӣ֮ǰȡЩҩȫƯĿһɲǼлȼա
һҪ¯¯ãΪ˲ҩйоǸõۻ棬ʹõҩڸг͡
˵һУ⡣
֮һĶأ˿̰ɫĻХ⻯һһȦǰϵѹ³Ϊһ
ĿƽһץЩƯǰҩ̰ղͬķָһ˰գһڡ
ƺĵһֻһö׵ҩȻɫأŻĿԴ͸ڡ
ЩҩڻڷɿڻճΪĩֶڻĲٿ£ȴûлɻң໥ۣһеķʽ໥ű˴˲ͬҩԣʼںϡ
꣬һץǰһѷ֣һâ˸һץġ
Ǻâһͷӵ֮꣬¬֮ޡ¬֮ʱΪ⣬¬һ£Ͳ̵һ˵ʿѪеĸоΪܡ
˿̣޻ȫ¶־壬ͺ𲻶ϣҪѳֵƣƾҲ޲
ǰһӣ޻ĲҽбУѸǵҩڣأһҩⷿ
ʱüͷһ壬˲ֱ̽ڣŵҩһץ֮ںһ޻ʱͱ
뿪ɲǣڰɵĵҩһдɢһ˿Եһһɳɨ
ȴĻֹֻƵ죬δƻ
ըܿ˲䣬վӣɫţ˰죬ȴûκεըĳ֣ǿһִӷ߳ҩԺ˲ҩݻȥ
ܿӦٴζţȥۣ뵽ղֵɫȴǲǰݺݵ߶
ˣߣҲһը


1148 Ĵ½
ܿĻӦ飬ڶ̶̵ڣʮΣһ⣬ȫʧܣÿһʧĬĬѰԭ߳ժȡҩݡ
ǰҩԺӣ¼˻֮أܿЩܲסȦƬҩԺں̫ѪռԼҲСĵժȡ̫ࡣ
½죬ҩݼ˵죬ûһηըĳܿɳֵը»ٵ˴ҩԺҲĥ̫ࡣ
оΪɶ񣬰øжû˵ᣬܿҲܲס˹ȥһƿ˷ţŷϥأһƷҩ֡
ܿоɶţȻǵҩЦЦܿŭڵһ
ţҧгݵܿ˿뵽Լ²ĶԷΪòѹŭ𣬲ϵظԼҪҪ
շ˿ڶܿţϲڰѵҩˣҿһô
ʮεʧܣķһԺҩݣòҩڼ޻Ǿʮںϣ޻оػںϵʹѾ޲̳ɹԼһЩʹࡣ
еĵҩֺǸпƺ֮޻ںϣҪעܶطЩû˵ģҪԼȥ
˿ܿĻʶӣ˳ܿѾҪķϵҩԺһǧ棬ҲɵЩҲס
һӣѵҩӸܿҪ˵Щʲô̾ͱ̶ļдϡ
ܿ۾ĵҩǻŭҲƲסһʲô׷ӰʲôһָķˣʲôΪǰԺ󣬱ĥ죬ЩֲԼõҩݱһһγ
գȻֻһö׵ҩ׵ҩѾʵʿ裬һԺҩݣĽ׵ҩʦ£׵ҩôһ˿ܳɹ
ţ㻹ҩݣܿȦ죬̧ͷҪȥֻ̧ۡͷ䣬ȴǷַڿտգûţӰ
Ī޴½ϿգӰûٴӣ¶Цܿϡڶ߻ص
ˣһԺҩôҡͷһΣһֱʶȥתۼʧߡ
ƿĪ޴½ϵķ㣬չǰģһƬƺԪڵڵУ֮⣬һĪ޴½ͼͼо֮·֣ƺŨŨڣ˿˾סʿڵĴ½⣬һֱ֮ΪĵĴ½
ƣֻƺĴ½ûкȫǳΪ޵ĳѨۼأһĴ½ϣڶࡣ
һЩΪҩݣĴ½ϡ
ͼֱֻӳڣһ·ۣƣڸߵͬʱҲʹʶ޷ɢ̫㣬ֶƺ򲢲ϤǰٶȲɵ
Ī޽ϽĴ½Щϡ٣ѾΪ˹Ԫڵӵ֮أ޲࣬һЩͽߣҩݣҲͱȡĸɸɾ
ȻɲֵѡֵĿ꣬ǸԶһЩĴ½иǿ޴ڣʿǰȥ࣬ʶŴҩݡ
ǰٶԽԽ죬âһӰѾƿԶʶ˵ɢԶֻвǧɣǿʿҲֻʶɢңǧɵľ룬Ψоʿſ
һ·ʶҲ˲ޣЩ޵Ӵɭ죬гƬޣſͿԿݣ
ȴֻʮɡٶȿĺɫޣȻȺӣһ־ʮϰ٣ͬһɫĵڴ
ڤޣȻСֻɴСٶȲ죬ǰмǺɫҲҪÿ
¬һĺɫڳû֣ɢѹֻЩڴʶΧʱһæ˿ԶԶضܡ
˫Ŀһǰһӣ̴ѷûƶ֮صȴ޷ɳ
ʮֻ޻ܣ˻֮͸ŨŨϲáֵͷɫޣȸԾһ·ȥ
һΣıϣַԸ޾ǰȥͬ飬֮ڡ
ʱƺһ㣬ע⣬ѷ֡ϾûкҹĽ棬еֻڻƮ
ĬĬļ㣬ԼǹպֵٶȣȻԶԶ뿪Ī޴½ͼһעΣյĴ½ϵؽӽ
ʱһƬӴİӰֵʶڣǰӰڸǿգֽӽ˲䣬һ˻
Ŀ˸µ޸Ŀ¶裬ŲϵؽӽǰӰ⣬һӴĴ½
ִޱԾ£ƿ˫̤Ĵ½ĵϣȥǿһȫʶ˫̤Ŵأִ˿
һƬΨԶ޵˻·˵һ㰲
Ǻɫɳ棬ֲǰȥأʶڳһ棬Ȼһ˵ĳǳأֻ£ȴûκļһ̮ǽڶѾɡֺɫѪ
ʱͻȻһӰǷһڳȷֱӳ֣ǺӰֻɴСٶȴǿ磬˲Ϣٽ֡
ɫƽֻ֣һһӰֱǺӰȥһǺӰӲһ޴ĿֱӴͷ͸ӣһ֮£ӰȫήһƬѪˮ
ȶɻأĿ¶м
޴ͷһָǰʱɳʮͬһͬ档
Ƿȥ˲䣬жʱͳһӰЩӰʮͺЩ޳ȥ
ֵĿʶȻһ۾ͿЩӰȫǺɫԳ뵱ܿ굤ڵ޻һһ
ѻ£ƽܻصԳ֮ͲһȼսܿͽһֻֻԳΪѪˮɢŨŨѪζ
ʮֻ޷ɻߣ˻ͬʱ³һ޻꣬ߡ
Ѫ֮ԭԶԶͺ֮洫𶯣֮ϸпХǰ
ɫ糣ߣʶɨûзκҩݣתȥ
ӰǰУƺΪһ壬¶һŨŨɷб֮κ޶ҪŨϿգʮֻХ
ɷ£ԶҲϡ٣ʧ治𶯣յķ磬Ҳֹͣ


1149 ٿ
ⱻͼΪԳĴ½ϣɽڶ࣬粨֣һ޵ĵͺһɽڻ
ϣһƺ֮еĳǳط棬ĬĬ˵ǰĴ½ķ١
ֻȴޣûʣµģΨвɣĻ档
УϲȺߣҲй°ߡ
˿̣ڶɽһ޺֮Ϊңһ춯أ·޷ڸǡ
ɽͨڣվһѰӵ洩͸һͷͷӽʮɴСĺɫԳޣɽϴɽжβһеĳȥ
ɽ嶥һͷͨɫľ޴ԳޣһϥӸߴͣ°ɣ׳ֱǧɣҪ˺ϱſΧơ
ϥǰϣһֻСȴɫɶദήƺ̫£Ȼû֦ïܣдƬҶ
ǣҶȻѩ֮ɫоӨ֮СϣȭͷССںڰ׶ɫ仯Ϊ졣
޴Գ޴˿˫Ŀؼ䣬Ǳ˵ľ¶ԶԶȥͬյĳƻɢһɾ춯ص棬·Դ͸ԽһͷͷޣĶɽжαްΧסһ׷Ӱ֮ϣ
ֵɲǣǰһӣһڷҽ֮´ǰʮֻ̧֮꣬ͷĿӡ
𣡣
һزɽ嶥ңңУȷҪ˺ֵ壬ɡ
ɫ糣ǰһڶޣǰһȥֱӻһ׺籼ɽ嶥ȥ
Уʮֻ˻ܣһЩӥޣЩ沿ɷ֮չ֮ս
һ·ȥǰһ޵赲ǰּѪɢһץ£ӴռڷɳһѰѷɽγתؽʹһ·ûаֱͣɱȥ
ԶԶȥֻһٶȣһ·Ѫɽ˲Ϣͽӽɽ嶥
ϥеľ޴Գ׹һ͵վӣһվ̾ʹɽݺݵһ̤֮£ɺԳŭԾɽ壬ֱִ󲽳ȥپȻ϶٣˲ͲϵٽۿҪһ
ǺԳ¶ұ̧ݺݵػ£һɲǣֵһģȴʧӰǺԳֱգ͵ػͷȴǿֵӰɽǴԱߡ
ԳĿͫһұۻȴһɿȻûγһص쫷磬ֱֺɨ
ߴϣһģʱȫɢ˴ѷڡ
˿̣쫷٣ǰһָһɱ¾֮Ȼ⣬Ȼγһɱ¾籩֮صأֱ쫷硣
֮ܣ쫷̱ɱ¾籩ٶȰ㲻ֱӳԳײһ
ŭ죬ԳǰѪģӴ̵ˣݺݵ׿ա
̧ͷ˫Ŀһһһ˲ٽ׷ɵľԳ˫ָɽӴȥ
ÿһָ£ǺԳҺӲָ֮һѪѪˮȾ
һԪ˳֮Գڣγһӡ
Ը֮ޣջ˫ָſ³ԴǡĴ½Ѿ죬һ·նڶޣ˲ҩݡ
ЩһЩ߱ͨʿһսɱȿʿҲͷȴǾնɱȡꡣ
ǰӴĺԳҲޣֻƤ񣬾֮ͨ£ȻֻδȻУҲ۷壬пʱףʶֶշ֮
شֵģһΪҵŭ𣬻ۺХһȭһȭ裬磬Ȼһ˿֮ĴɼԳ֮ǿ
üͷһ壬ûںϱǿȻ޷ԳȣҪܿٴʩչͨȴĿһв֪Ϊθֳ˵ǵʿԹһʱһƣ
ֳĬӭſ磬һƬƽȫԪӿֱƶȥڣԱ˫ۣǺֹ̧ɭһƣϵػطţһ˿򣬽ͷ
ͬ޴ӡһ㣬Ĵ½Уڣ֮غɭʱ¡
Ե꿴컯ֵĻԵ£ںȻǵͨһƣ˾˵
Хֵ󴵴ǾԳֱ˲ٽֵɲǣ͵˫̧ۣ֣ķȻǰľԳֱ֮ϡ
һɴֱڷĴڵԪײ֮ңһͷ׷Ʈӣȴһδ
ǾԳͬӲһۣͷǴһڣûаĸоһĪľʹ
˫ԽԽǺ˵ĶεĻطţռΪ˱һ㣬ʶ̧֣Ѹ֮ϵȥ
ÿһָ£һԪ˷ָ⣬ƣһ£ɫк˫Ŀ¶һ
䣡
ǾԳ̵ˣֱѪһӡѷӡָӣ˳žԳֱֱȫӣ
һ·죬Ǻ֮ϻصѪ
˫ĿȥǾԳǵͷ˿Լ֣¶ֻ֪֣ͨԼ䣬ƺסʲô·ڸղһ˲֮ڵԪ٣ڲٿأ
ǿеĲٿԪҪ˷ѸٹԵĻͨ
ĺֵĳ˼ǾԳ¶־壬Ŀѷȫƺһͻķѡ
Σ֮УԳڲ֪ΪΣȻ˰׹⣬ǰ׹£Ӵͷ­һ֮ꡣ
黯֮ģȴԳһһֻԾΣƺҪԳҪȥ
һĻ˫Ȼ
񣡰˵޲ž߱ͨû뵽ԳΣ£Ȼͻơ
ǰȥ˲˾ԳͷһģǾԳ̱֮ѹ塣
ΪҵޣֶžԳ˫ĿƽĿڡ
ǾԳӲ¶־壬󿪣ȻֵĻ˵ͷ
ھԳһģϵѷһ٣㾧ɢͬʱһڼ¼Ŀӡֵд˾Գüģһ˸˼£ʧˡ
˿̣еҲɱ֮ӥޣХ˾Գ⣬ϥ˾Գļϣǰ
ԳһԶǶȥ


1150 
ڣưʵ̺޵ɱƺƯһ½нĳɣһɡ
һĽ˵ɣȻڲʵǵĴڣһȥĽ򣬶ȻܵһƬӭ
˿̣ڣԭƽȻкХ֮ȴһ紩͸ǳһͷޣͷվһϵʿ
ⳤ֮Ϊңһͷͷ¶±ɢֻХ
ûн̶̵һʱ䣬Ȼвʮ磬Լٶȣƿڼۡ
ЩڣһͷͷӸޣЩͷ֮ϣվһʿ
ЩʿûһǣȫЩ˵ĳ֣ʱʹΪ֮
ֻд˵ˣڣǿգȫͬһĻһϵʿɫſϲ˷ܣ޾̰
ЩʿǵĿȫһ£ڣһĴ½
ڵĴ½𶯣ԶԶк֮ﲻϵأǷǰӿ
һЩڼХߣԶԶرܿϸڶɢƺڵĺ֮ǿΪ¡
Ƭ̺ڳһɴСľӰӰΪ׳ԽԽ¶ȫΡ
һͷӴĺԳ
ǺԳһͷͷţޣ˫۷׷ʹôŨŨ
ţܣгֲһȺǽһγһض飬޳һ㣬ǰԳչ˲׷
ϣһЩޣͬ׷һĻκˣ֮һҲҪͷƤ飬ʹͨʿҲҪ˫ĿͫһЩ޵̫ˣڣһЩ׵ޣһͨХֱǰԳȥ
ǺԳӼΪӸƤ񣬳˶ܿһЩ༴Ҳû̫á
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Ǵ£䣬ɽ嶥ɽϿӥޣ˿һֱԳȥ
δٽԳ˫ۻлһѪ·ûκ޿ֹԳĲһ·ֱײ˲ʵɽɽĶɽ嶥һʮɴСĳѨ
ԳٽǰֱǳѨϡ
һⳲѨʱķѣɢ¶ڳѨڣһɫСݡ
Գδͣ˳ѨֱһץСݸɽʯݺݵһקȴǰɴСɽʯֱץ
һһ˿죬ǺԳ󲽣Զȥ
Щӥ޼Х죬ǧֻӥ޶ʱ޳źԳ׷ȥ
еĺԳʯ飬¶ǺɫСݣżһ˦ϥϵһץסһۣ봢ռڡ
ºԳӣǺԳ̾͸ܵٴ͸ΪٶƺҲ
𶯣ԶԶȥһͷԳԾ󣬳죬Уһͷͷ޺вϣ׷
Ĵ½ϣٻʿޣŵҩݣһͷ޻ʵвһǧʮϣǿµһĻκ𾪣
ԶԶأмͬɵʿһĻľһ˵κλ
һȺˣĴ½ΪСģ̫ޣõҩȻ࣬¿ǺԳŵһĻ𾪲ѡ
Գ۱ܣ˫һԾ𣬿ɣٴһɽ嶥ɽ罣ΪͣԳȴǽɣɽɽһһĻһ
̾ͰǼлȡߡ
ʱһХմȴһͷʮɴСӥƿֱĺԳ
̫죬ת۾ٽɣ
ɫ糣ûпǺԳ˫Ŀһһץסɽ嶥ǰһӴӣͬǧһɽ嶥˻һԲΣ׳ҽźɨ̾Ǻӥһ
һӥʹѪˣԳӽһԾûвԶٴαܿ
׷ޣˡ
ʩ̱Ŀϥһİɽڣɫ԰ףǻѪδɡһͷڷңӺǱ
һ֮ʱʱԶƲϣ֮ڣʱĸĵӰǰ߻أٽʩʱһһѪ
ʦսǡȥ˾꣬һѪ
ʩ̳Ĭû˫ֻۣ¶ˡ
ʦͽɽȣһ̶ХɽƯŰ˸޴ͷɫ磬˴һγһ󷨡
󷨶Ĵ½ۣ֮֮Ӷں󷨣ΪֶͨΡ
꣬ɵ޻꣬꣡꣬˻ǰһ˲ԹԹأþòɢ
ǰ˸ͷһ棬ϥһϸˣϸƤ壬˿ƤǣɫͬǱ˿ᱻȥ˫ĿؼĹ˸͸ɭ֮⡣
ʩѣʮŸֻʣˣοЩӵڽ뿪
صɽȣĴɽ˵ĶУĸʿɫҰףĬпʦ
ʩ̣Ϊһ֮͵ֵΪߣ嶾ŵĶʱʩչͨᱩжϸǰɡ
ʩ沿鶯˫Ŀ¶⡣ֻȴſɬΪ׻ڵĴӣΪﵽ˾ڣһθǱѰһƷ
ΪʵԲ󣬵ʩȴû뵽Ȼ棬һж˳ҵƷȴǲ֪Ϊα¶ȡ֮Ҳ˵֪һ·Χ˲أҲ涾󶾷òɽ
ⶾûɢѾ嶾ŵĶ׷ϣʩչɵĴԼɽȡѾطԼϢݳȥֻӪ֮ȴҪһЩʱܸ
ʩѣ㻪Ҳã֪һγ嶾⣬ڣţɣħԵˣΪģ֮
˽ڵԼǴ˵дڵյĵ


1151 ĺÿ죡
Ĵ½ϣѾһЩʱգǵԪڵ⣬Ĵ½̫ȥ
ϵ䲻£ûԪڣԹԪĿǰʵǻɾ֮ʱֶϲȥܣϵ֮Ȼɱˣͱʾ£ˡ
ңԪǴŮ̷ҲԼһݣ˵йǲһ˿Ҫϵ֮
ʶĴ½ϣһѣշĺԳ֮ϵسһ޾ۼأǿȡҩݡ
Щ޳桭ò˵Ҳû뵽ҩ飬ͷԳļΪɫ
ĳ̶ȣȻһһϦɣǳʱȥ飬Ӷﵽĵز
ȥָʲôĿ꣬ԳƬĴ½ΪϤǰȥһٶȣѸٳڣץסҩݾͷҲһٿ񱼡
ÿɹԳ̲ס˷ܵĺ·𡭡·ԼһΪ㡣
ֿЦģԼˣԳƺĴ½֮ǳǶζ׷ĺܣôһ
Щ׷ޣǱȡһβҩȻһ׷գǲ֪ƣ¶롭ʹ֮ɫ
Ѿ˲²⣬һЩ޳ѨڣҩɽطЩط֣ҲҪʶɢſҵĿȥڣѷ֡
Գ򲻣·֪Щҩݵĵطٽ˾ܡжʱ䣬Գһطϸ۲һֱȴĻһ㡣
£ԳԶʱֵĿ⣬Ҳ¶翴ͬ˵ɫ
ҲЩֻ֣֮ǰշԳʱ¶ǿΪ˺ԳԳȴԲĿ¶ʹ벻ʡһֱв
أ⾭ȥҩݵĺԳԼʱǸӡ
Щ׷Ҳδ̫һЩϥںԳϣͷһ죬߸ʱ޿̶ŭ
ͱ봢ѷУµ龰ʺ޳֡
׷ޣʵ̫ˣǺܶûûҩݵޣһ·ڿ˺ԳҲļ뵽׷УźԳչ׷ɱ
ԶԶȥںԳ棬Щ޵Ȼ߼ʣֻһ֮ߣ˳һҪ׷ϺԳ
һУԳ޶ãиʱŤӣΪıܹһͨмȻǱƼˣŭ
΢Цһץǰдѷ֣óһŻֽ˺Գϡ
˲Ϣ䣬һɫķ籩ԳϱֱʣʱԳһ¶ϲ˲䱩һ֮£ֱӾ˦Ⱥǰ
ȴû뿪תȺУûмӣȺȥ伫ٶȣֱӳȺڣһ·ȭߣƿһȱڣ·߽߳Ա߳˳
Щ׷޸Ϊ
ۿԳոճҪȥüͷһ壬ںԳһģǺԳʱֹٴӶ
ʱȥԳΪٶȿˣһ·ͬһǿ֪֮вҩĵطȫǺɨһ飬ȡҩݾߡ
أֺ󷽵ȺԽԽ࣬ص𶯺䣬յǹ
Ĵ½ѹһȦԳƺЩ㣬޳Ŵ½λñܶȥּһʱ䣬ҲûֹԳΪ
Ĵ½ӣҲ֪½λãи߽׵޴ڡԳԼٶȳ½ĵضΣ˵ɽ岻֮࣬һɽȡ
ɽȫƣڣȴɭѹ
źԳһɽȣʶЩɽ̫һЩûκ޺֮ǺԳ󣬸һƬտա
·ޣȫʧһ㡣
ɻĲ֣ǺԳҲٶǰ֪òüǰС
ֳ𶯽Щ׷Ѿ˴½ĲλֱԳ
̧ͷ˫ĿһǰһָԳǰܣֵ£ԳٶȲ죬޳ԽԽͷ·ںԳĴ£ҪһɽȰ㡣
ʱɿţźԳɽڴ޳ȫ
ʱ˫ͫһ͵شϥվ𣬶ǰͬʱһɭǰ촫
嶾ڴ˰£޹֮롭ףɭո𣬵û˵ͻһ
Ȼǿ˾ԳǷޱ޼ͬһ޳
˿ֵ̣ʶҲǰǧɴɽ⣬˸޴ã޾꣬ͨɽܡ
ǿһͷϣվĸϸˣ
ϸ˫Ŀͫһ˵ƣʹԶʶҲ޷̫Զ𶯣ȴǽƬ̼䣬ʶΧ̾ͷ಻ϵ޳Х
һ˲䣬ɵõΪ̶ȣȻߣǿ˺Գ󣬶ʱͷӴޣ׷ԳԼǰ׷ʿ
ɱȻΪ´żȻ뵽ǻӪ֮ˣʿǰ
ĺÿ죡ϸǰһһƬӰֱԳȥǰһɶܡ
˫Ŀһ̿Լ֮УȻǰ˸γ󷨣Ŀɱɽ˻ޡ
ͣٶ̫죬жХɱ֮⣬һԾֱӴӺԳϷɳԳ
ǺԳһת򣬴Աֱɽǰ˸öȥ
ͬʱǰһָȻкڷХ磬ֱٵϸˡ
ϸΪһǾڣһȴʹͨˣͬΪȴԶ£ۿǺڷٽ˫ſ
һһƬܷ֮ɢڷ֮һ飬ʱ֮춯ض
ڶγһƬˮ͸ֱ֣ÿһκˮڣ̺涾һΣͿʹ˲丯óΪѪˮ
˸߲֮âȻͻһߴɵľ޴
붾֣ӡϸɫһ־۷ͨǶ˫Ŀ¶Ĺ⣬âͬʵһڵǰȻһɫӡǣ
ӡһ֣ӡȥǱӡϣѪԪҲ˲䶾
ϸ˼ΪΪɱǰ׷꣬յʩչǿͨ󻹵ܱܹǴһ˦һֱָϸСɳСıޣɫڣͷȴ缦ڰСǣһ֣ȷ


1152 ɽ֮
ֻϸȻ͹ֺΪﵽ˾󣬰׷չ¶ƿʱǰ㣬Ҫ컯ʹֶڰ׷˸εᡣ
ǻûɺڷγɵĺ붾ӵһײ֮صгʱӿԼٶ˺˳໥֮˲Ϣһ
ѸںϣɲǾһɱ˵ѹȻͻһѺɫĳǹⳤǹδʵʣ͸ϵķ֮ȴԾ춯ء
ǹһȥǶӡֱϸ˱ƽ
һжڵʯ֮䷢Ĳ˼ϸ˵һ˦мڽǵСֵ߳˲䣬ǺɫǹѾϸ˾벻ʮɣ
һǿĺȻʹϸɫ䣬ƵƤϸһ˫ĿͫӰۺˣһʱ֮ٿ֣֮ͨ˫ƵȫƤ̾һƬƬۻû˿̵ȥʿһͷޡ
˫ɱһڰգһٽӵģöĵʵʵĿӡǣӡǴĺХ޷ٶȻƽؿڡ
˿̺ȻҲûˣǶΪ˵ҪԸһЩͨԶ£־Ǻݶޱȣɱڲ
·ʤǶӡٽ˲䣬̧ǰһ죬ȻǶӡߴ磡
һɲǣ̵ָ̧Ʊ֮ϣԼٶһ£ÿһ£к֮صԲɡǧɵԪһΪԵķʽĲٿضֵָ⣬ơ
һ˵ʵȴ˲ϢǶӡĵɲǣһɾ춯أʹĴ½𶯵ľ죬һ֮ϴͬʱгܺɨ
ǳ֮£³ĵڶĺ꣬޷٣ųԶԶɢ𲻵㶾ֵá
쳬˱ףγ¡¡ĴҰ£Ҳ˫֮УӲɵ˳
ǶӡһǳϸѺۣһѿдİԵԪµԪֱӾöĵؿڴ
Ȼ䣬֮ؿںȻһɫӡѷӡӣת۾˵ȫķѣ
Ӻһ˲䣬ǼСӲƿ˳ֱֶ֮ǰ˻죬һ֮
ɫһץ̴ѷ֣һȴŮʬַ߳ԸŮʬ̳Сߡ
һԾŮСߵֱӳӡ
ⶾӴ˿ɫұ仯Ϻˣͼɫǹ׷ǳǹǣٶԽԽ죬ƿ˵ؿռ֮
ǿִɱ߳ⶾɫΪҧ⣬ѪڿڣҪ׼ٴʩչһɲǣǰ˫۴ɱ̧ǰһָ

Ȼ֮û˿ߣ̾ͲǶϣһֶǶӾҵĲ
иðƬ̾ͲҽвϣȴһڶѪû˳ʺ丹ڣѪ̺˾綾ƽʱᷴ˿ҪʩչɲȴǱͨжѪɣҽӾȻ˴Ƭá
ʱǺɫǹȻٽⶾؿڴ봩͸ȴδ뿪Ǻһ
ʱǶӲҽȻֹһƬѪˮԪдžҪӶݣȴƱִһ˦ֱߡ
һսܶݣڵȴ£ⶾӵĶͨͬݺᣬΪ߳ûз䶾Ҳ֡
ɱ˶˵ҳ㷹յɱ¾ȴĪϸ˵ֶ֪Ǵƣǳֱ㱧ɱԼĴ㣬ҲԵ޹ʵɱˡ
ŮӲСߣϸԪܵɲǣ̲治٣ϵձŮס
˿̣ԳȻƹսǰ˸ͷɽӹ׷ӴȺ٣ֱӳɽڡ
Щ̫࣬ǰ˸ûϸ˵ʶٿأʱ˲ȣ໥ӵ
ңңԶԳһۣǺԳ⣬תԶȥغ𶯣һͷͷ޼̤дɽȣ׷ȥ
һЩޱ֣ȴִһ˦£һһ
ʱ˵ûһͷޣȫ׷ԳȥԶԶػԿǰǹ̳ڡ
ĿһŰ˸ԽԽȣҪİ˸ͷϸĿ˼ۺǰһͷԱߣһġ
ͷһĹ⽥ɢСȭͷСĻɫãƮڰһ
編ƣµ߸ȫӡȻһ÷ûߣѡӡϾ֪ɽڵʲôʶҲ޷͸
ɽȣֻһͿʹǰ˸÷ӡɢٴλָ֮ǰΧ档
ɽȲ߽ȿľһߺǣ⺡ȫãֻܿһʬһɶ֮ζʬɢš
üͷǰȥܿɽȵλãʶɢһ۾Ϳǰ⣬ϥһӰܶľʬ塣
л¾֮һϥӰд
ɫƽȥٽǰһС
ľߵĺǾȫã˫ĿҰ͸ãȻͬζҲ˵ɢ
ϥ֮һӣɫ԰ףѪɫһüĳ֣ԪҲ֮ʣȻж̫ⶾѰǾ綾
ڣĿһܶʿĶҩȻ֮еһȡ
ˣ޷ҲΪ뵤Ȼ֪ɣƷڱصã²ҲзҵĴռ䡣ˣƷ¿Ը㣬ֻʩĳʹ죬ĪҪڼǧϳ߶ĥ¶ɬа
ֳĬһ۵ľʬ壬ֿ˿ӣ˵ͷ
ҵӣΪ˱ң嶾ŶӵĶж¶ĸĵӣûн֮£պ󶨻Ϊе̳
Ҷ֮£޷תԪһ˿Ԫ򿪴ռ䣬Ϊó뵤ȡߺ󣬸Ҹʹ֮ͿɣΪ֮³ЩӡϿɬŨ
ʼû˵һ仰̧ǰһģһԪƵٽ⣬ٽɲǣԪͻȻһ䣡


1153 ÿٴо
һУִԪûаºͣǻɽѹһĻֱӽϡ
ڽҪµ˲䣬͵̧ͷɫȻһɻԵϢ˸ȻҪ
ɫʼձ䣬ԪһץѷɲǼ֣ǰɨ
ХǽҪԱӶʱϳһѪۣѪȥĲԪ
˫ĿĶ֣ͷ­ڵϹɣĿȻ
ǰĹƣ֪뵤֮˵ȷջֶֻһУͲ֪
ҪǣֽɽȺ󣬿ĵһʬľߣ˵࣬ö
ʵϣһЩϸ΢Խ𾡹ܲ󣬵Ǳ˳
ǵһʬ壬ĶľȻȱɱŶãľʬڷŵλã˲²⡣
ȻǱӲ֪ԭɱ˵ĵӣҲˣǶӵĵӡ
֮µֲȥŪףֻ֪֮ǰ˵Ԫʧ˵ѡ
һ֮˻Ҫ˵ѣͼˣֺԥѡնɱ
ҲҪֻ˼Ϣѡͷһʧȥͷ­ѪˮƬ̾ͿʼãǻƬ
뵤Ŀ¶˼ǶΧӣͼȻ뵤
ʲô򵤷ʿ֮һʿɱڡ
ԭĴԱһռͻɢ㹻ΪҲδɴյĴռ䣬Ҫȡ֮ҲǺѡ
ղ˵ȻΪҲһˣһɡжϣ뵤֮֮֮ɱˡ֮ǰ˵嶾ŶӵĶǱɱϸˣȻ嶾ŵĶˡ
Ƕ֮ǰҺ̾ͳɱУȻҲжϣΪҴһɡ
ҪǣǶӳǰ˵һ仰ĺÿ졭͵̧ͷգ˫Ŀͫ
ĪиɴʿŴ˵ظɣˣʵĲ룬͵ļֵȻǼߣ˫˸
ҷЩ߳Ϊ棬ô뵤ӶȻΪ⣬Ȼ֪ռܱ˴򿪣²뵤桭ֵͷĿɽһɨշ˵ľߵӺϣһ
飬ôڴռڣǲطֳĬ˫ĿԼӵĽɫ֮С
꣬͵˫ۣĿ¶֮âʶڵľߵӺɨȴûκη֣ģۻһһŻľߺǰΧ
žžȼ֮ⰲɽľߺо綾ڻȼ˸Ĺ⣬ܿȫΪ˻Һۡ
ǻҺڣȴǳһöһƴС޹Ƭ
һ˿˷ܣһץʱƬУʶһɨȻɫһ䣡
˽ڣһ޹Ƭȥһ֮£ֵĶҲٵ֮
¶ţ޹Ƭ˵
յ֪ܲյΪȴֶ֪ڴͨʿĺ壡
ⵤϻһ仰ײһʹס޹Ƭ¶棬һ̣˭ƬҪַܵĹ
´˵һɰչ򻯱ԴΪұ޵´˵ɰնȹһ˥٣´˵а˳ɰս֮ʼ
һᣬֲɫָ޹Ƭԥһͬûʱȥϸο˿̵ȻΪȷļֵһĺƽ٣
ȻⵤϢδ̫ɢնȻƺ𺳡
ܾûпڸĸоˣ촽ϸİɽԼһкۼȫȡһߺǡ
ȷûκӻһɳɽȣһӣҪǰ˸ͷһԥֹϵһָһͷȻƬɽ⡣
Ŀ˸ִ˿תµ߸ͷߣ꣬ӴռóոշȥǾ߶ĵӺǣŻԭλ
ְɽѵͷƬϸֻһƬһصĵط
ЩŮʬ߸ͷֱԶ׷Գ
ǶԪסֻҪ֮¾Ͳ֪ǻΪǶȡ˵Ҫ̶
ϾɽڻһƬǶĺǡʱæʱиʿĴ½ֲ̫ͣãֻµĳ̶ȡ
˿̸û˼ҩݣһʧԭأسɴ£ʱȴޱеĺԳߡ
Գһ֣ʱ˷ָָ෽һɽ壬ȻҪ֣ﻹҩݡ
ûκᣬһȡºԳϵĻɫֽȻͰӴĺԳ봢ռڣһΣһ·ƿǰǻɫֽϣٶȱ⣬ȡһƤٷϡ
һֵٶȴﵽ۷壬˸䴩͸ԶԶسƬĴ½̤ǿ֮С
һֱ˿̣ȻλðĸоĴ½ϷһõĶǼΪʵ
ѹͷļֺǵԼϵϢй¶ȥԼƺڣֹ׷ɱסҲˣΪⵤһЩʿ
ЩñչأڴԲ뵽˥֮еϹ֣ⵤǲһУ
֪Сڣչٶȣһ·۶ȥʶǲɢָо˿ƬڣȻʿڶ࣬Ĵ½ȥ
;˴æ۵Լ˵ɣ⻳ɻ̫󣬿ɵЩȥĴ½ֶߺ󣬶Ȼ֮ǰһл֮ˣΪص㡣
Խٴ£ԽأԽҪ侲ƽ
һЩֻԳϥ˺ԳϣƽúԳŹԪڵĪ޴½ȥ
Ī޴½Ҫյ·̣־ܼ뿪ɫȴƽ糣ûзĴ½һ㣬ںԳϣһƺʿ
ʱȻԶĴ½⸽мĴ½ʹ޷ֵ
ʱƽ˫ĿͻȻͫһܿͻָ糣
ԶһХԽԽ


1154 һ
Ǯӣһ׵֣ڣĺ壬ȴһݡ֣ΪڳϵΪȻﵽڡ
һͨˣԸԭһ˴ˣΪô³ֻ
һǧǰһСɣɱ˴һӣǮɱɽţͬһͬٵɵͳѪɺӡ
һսʹ˲֪
˿ɫϥһͷξͷڣһںĵӸ档
û뵽Ȼ棡Ǯһ뵽£̲סǻǰżȻõһйش˵еյԳΪںĵһ֣ڡ
ΪƺʿǮȻ֪һǧǰƺڷǼ춯صĴ¡
һǧǰѾ߱˰ǨŽİ˽ڣٰǨ߾Žǰ£зһռѷ죬ڳ˽գڼ˴ʿΪﵽ˥ٵĳϴ½ڣһ·ƿ
ռѷһߺǡ
ԱߣƷһҩһѲнһ޹ǡõƷ󣬽ռѷڳΪ֮Ѹ뿪ռѷ죬׼صڡ
Ϊǵķ֣ʵ̫˼飬ƺ򣡸пڳΪƺһɣѹϵľŽڣ
ֻǣ֮ͽϢ˳ȥȴǵģ˽ɵķչز£Ϲ֣׷߳չ֮Ǻ˫۵ɱ
ܽ׽Ž׵ڣӵжԿ˽ɵʵⳡɱ˽Ѫȷ硣
߽ܵǣҲ֮ͬˣҲвһɨƺĺƽ٣ʹչ
֮ңǹһǧ꣬Ǯ𶼻𶯡
ո˼½һľŽ֣ƶ˵Ϊһ̣ڷˣ
󲿷֮˲ԸΪƷսȥŵҩнȡ˼ȥʸ񣬸׳ԭɹ켣뵽˾Ž
Сʿ޹ǵɵչɱʧʷĳڡ
޹ǵҲӴʧ֪ȥ˲²⣬ⵤŽʿȡߣҲ˲²⣬ⵤڵ׷ɱʿĳ˽С
֮¸һ䣬޹ǵʲôطΪһأһֱһǧɻڣżȻõһ˿
һ˿٣û𾪣ǷһйϢǲϧɱˣһЩ֪µĵӡ
Ϊ飬ʵ̫вͻɵϾѪĽѵԾʾˡ
ȣھͬһֻϣûл޹ǵʸʵǾ̰ļ󣬵ȴû̡
Ǳҵ޹ǵ׸ĳ˽ɣӶȡӴĺô볤õıӻǽ˻ᣬǰ˽ɵİ£Ϊİ
ֻһУҪ֤棡ֻͳ˽ɣһΪ٣ڳܲ˽ɵŭԣǲðȻ׳Ҫȥ֤
Ҫȥ֤ͱҪеķһ⴫Ŀܣɲָһɣǻڴٳɡ
ǻڵĵĵط֮£ѡһصĴʩ̣ʮŸӣǰ
ʩ̵Ϊڲߣӳ̫ɵע⣬ʵҲȷˣһֱʩȥ󣬶û𲻱Ҫ鷳
ʩ̶û뵽棡ҼΪ׵ģȡ޹Ƭõһö
ֻǣڵ·ϣȴǲ֪ΪϢ¶嶾ŵ׷ɱǲ֪ΪΣʹɣҲ֪˴¡
ʩ̣һҪסǮԪתڣʹٶȸ죬紩͸һֱĴ½ȥ
֮ˣֻǵһԮߣں󷽣ڼȫ½ǰ
۷УǮ˫ĿһǰʶΧڣһʿʿһͷɴСĺԳ
һ·ǰУԳϵİ׷ʿһˣֻ˵ؾĴ½ԶʶǮӵע⡣
ǰĿʼǰ׷ʿϣǸʮںĵӣҲ׷Ŀ⿴ȥ
һĿʵʣɫ̲԰ף¶𾪣ǰХٽʮ磬·˷Уͣ˰ա֪ԼΪŹ֣һʱῴ͸Ϊ˱ûҪĻɣԪʱ̶ɢΪ˿ҡ
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Ǹյͼ︽мĴ½׷ʿǰеĹ켣ȻǴһĴ½
ûȥᣬǮһΣֱӴߴʮĵҲ׷ջĿ⣬һﲻԹȥ
ְ˿ЩʿɣȻʿǰ֮Ĵ½
ʱͻȻԶǿһӫ޷ٶƿնӫ֣Ŀһö
Ȼ飬ڲ֮ͨʹ֮ԶԶʿǲı˿е󷨽ƣûضӡ֮ͻʹΪ˷ֹⷢһ飬ֻһö
ٶ̫죬תۼʹߴֱδ뿪̫ԶǮǮɫһ䣬Զصַһסʩչɲ鿴ľķʶһɨȴһ
ǴӺ󷽵ڶԮͬʿֻһ飬ʩɼӢѣ
ʩ̣
ǮɫΪݺݵĿȻϣǵ֣Ǵ˿̣ʩ֪Ϊɱǲ嶾ɳ֣ǽӽĴ½ΧڵһʿǻɵĿ꣡
¹شǮӵ뷨ǴɱһǧҲŹһ
һȥĴ½Ǯһָ֣ʱĵ̷ɳֱֶȥ
ɫһ䣬վɫ¶ǡôľţȭλѣǺ⣿
ĪҪҵȳ֣Уֵİ˸ĵӣΪʵʿһΪﵽ˿ڡ
ǻ֣ȻˣϾֵΪǣ˿ǮԣǴɾ£Ҳ


1155 ն
ЩȥĴ½
ΪԳĹϵĴ½ϵľ󲿷޶ļסֻ֣ȥˣЩ޶궯
궯У
ȫ˵Ǵ뿪ʩʱ䣬Щʿʩ̵嶾ŶΪҲֲĻɡ
ֻһ֣ѲֵĴռ䣬Եʿֱѻ꣡飬˵ѣ
¶ޣ鲻κ˵ľ裬Ͼ˭飬ҲֻǲޣȴҪӡ
ǰ˸ĵٽֲٿغԳת׼ı䷽ǰеɲǣȻɱһĴ½ܻȥȥ
ʮ˸ʿǵ⣬ʮΪҲֻǾڣ
һ֣Ҫڼ̵ʱڽȻں󷽻ʿڲٽһҪʱսһڣ
̧ͷǰһȥǰһӣʱ֮Ȼ𣬻ֱ˶ȥ
ͬʱԳ˫ۻ裬ںХ֮չ
ָ磬ֱٽǿʿǰٶ֮죬ԶԶǿʿķӦ˫ĿͫһҪˣ˫ȴǱһ۶ָȡ
ָѸٵüģָɲջأһѪѪʿԵڣֱӽԪ
ûаͣˮɱһǰһ壬ֱײһʿϣؿ£ʿ̴֮Ѫ
˿̣Ҳ԰ϣ׷ͨڣΪֻʵʿûκη֮˲ͱ壬һ֮£
һͬģǱɱĶˣһˣںԳ˫ۿ͵֮£ֱӻѪ⣬ҽлص
һжǵʯ֮䷢Ĳ˼飡弸ͬʱѪɢʹܼΪѪɫ
ǰ۵Ǯ͵ת¶𾪣̾ͻһֱֶ֮
ɫ糣ȴǼΪɬڣѵģΪȥʿ
ȴɲ룬ɱ˰ˣ̧ŲǰһΣҪѳʿȫնɱĻһһѣƺڣӽԺֽ粽У
ǰʿڵľ˴˿ȴ̷ӦѸɢǰǮӸ缲۶ͨ˫ֶһڹ⣬ֱֹ֣ǰУ
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ӣȴǳ˺âǮٽɲǣֱǾŸĵӶȥۻǰһӣȻǿȼһƬ𺣡
ںĵҽУճ˻ҽɫ׷׼ۺˣɫ԰Ҫ׷
ʱǮŭٽº˸âȴǻһѺɫĳǹֱַٽ
ۿ˱˴ɢԼֱǮǣƣĿгѪ˿֪ԼǮӲ̫һͣҪնɱͲܡ
ǳǹٽɲǣſ³һʮ˵ӡӡһ̺ᵲǰʱǳǹһ
һӡʱˣϣѪ̺ˣֱԶһˣ˲ٽֺɨֱӻһ⻷ƣʿ¡
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ˣǰһӣ̾һˮǿкɨƬ̼۳ΪѾСֱʣµںĵӶȥ
ʱǮٽһץǰһѷ֣ڷɳһѰɫǮץסǰһӡ
Ȼһع˲ֵ֣Ͽջһ׹⽵٣ͬһ̫꣬죬ת۾ٽ͵̧ͷۻ˸һɫϻû
֮£Щ׹ϣʹӾٴѪɫ԰ףԪήңȸǱ׹⴩͸ѪģҧϵغˣǻһͨĹ
˿̣ǻ֮ľСȴֱӴ͸ĵӵ塣
ҽѪɣ˶ʱԪһˣȴΣ֮ʱóһö飬סԪֱԶӶݡ
ܸôߣһץѷڶʱһȴֱԪ׷ȥ
ɱֵֺһӣ׷ȥ
˸дӴռɳȴŮӳ֣δΧǮӣֱʧȥ˵ı޶ȥ
һжڶ̶̵Ϣ֮䷢ɱǮ֮ʿ˵ҲǼĸɣ˿ȴиΣǰʿ
֮Լɱʿ˵Ӷ⣬ҪɱʿаţȫУôһ߿ܣ
Ǳڣɱ˶ҪһЩ̧һָӡһ֮¾ȴһǴʮ˵ڳ
ǿ֮꣬ں϶֮꣡ɱﵣڳֵɲǣʱ֮
ǮɫΪѿôҲû뵽̶̵Ϣ䣬ǰ׷꾹ȻǿͨԼǰնɱкĵӣԼͨʿϣȻܽɱ
𾪵ģǽʿʩչͨ꣬չֳΪֵ֮ϢϢǰӵеΪԾ춯ء
ܴ˿ֻǻڣ޷ǰȽϣȻǮ𾪡
һָ֮ŭֱǮӶȥˣ޷ʱսһʱãԮʿٽֽվͱɣ
˫ĿѪɫһץ֮˲䣬ó
һǿ𶯣ܵΪ֮һһɰ֮ʹЩƶӿ
οǮ͵˫һ˵֮ǰĳֻ𾪣ôڣ˲䣬Ȼ޷ŵ𺳣ŨṴ̃ȻӿȫǰһΪı
ʿԶԶ˾һս˵ǿսҪӮһҪ죡


1156 뿪
⼣ǮǰжͬʱȥǰһָȻ֮Х
ս˵ֳüʣıԴ⣬ǿͨչ֣˿̵ɱνƴȫ
Ͼʱȵɸ۷ıηһͨӲ޾Ĺ֮һȭͿɺ춯֮ûʩչҹͨҲɸûǰǹͨλԶš
˿ֻ̣һ޵ڵ֣ҪɱʿΪѣ
ڣѪģǮӵͨ׹⴩͸ΪԪ̺ĳعŰߡ
ԪйƤ׷Ԫ񶨻ִ̱˿̵ҲѰȸʥ̺֮׻֮
һǮֻͨδʿ֮ǿһ·޵ڶգȻ֪
Σɲֶ룬Ҫսһпɱʿһ֮ХǮӡ
ǿ֮꼴ǮҲΪһ˶δκξʿӵвͨ
֮꣬Ǽ˫֮±ͨûЩͨһƬģУȴعֱǮӡ
֮꣬ǰΪﵽ˵һ˥ּ׺䣬ǮͨԿ
ֲżʱ䣬ô֮꣬Ǯӣֻǣûʱ䣬ûô㹻άǿ֮ʼմڡ
ɱ
֮Ǯɱɲǣ̧֣ºݺݵһնȥȻһ⾪춯ضһô󽣣Ǯͷ¡
ûн˫Ŀպϣ˲ٿʩչͨճһһ¡
ǿУһɻȻ֣ÿһⶼһÿһ裬ڴԪ
ƣ绨ŽأԶԶȥЩεĽ಻ϣǮӵʢһ佣֮һ㡣
תۼ䣬ʮ£ӵ֣Ŀֻ裬Ȼһľƣ·һжһ޼᲻ݣ
һж˲ɣǮӱ֮ס˫֮ͨʩչ˷˿ȴɫ԰ף֮ǰֻǿǴοǴοҲǿ֡
󲻵ģ֮ǿԺţǴ˿̣ȴ޷ȥܿͺҪľ
һɲǣֱŵ˫ĿȻɫ԰һգ˫¶ɱն
һʮŽڽɵԪ˳˲䣬ʮŰôȻͬʱǮӵ⡣ֵΪʩչĽУʹȫԪʧĺȴ룬ʶǿдʩչ˿̵ΪʮŽǰԲٿأʮŽϣҲ𲻵κãֻʩչֱߡ
նһͺȣʮŰô˲£γһϵؽУֱӶȥ
һĻĲ˼飬οʮŽ£ǮӸ޷ֿ֮ǿڻصȴһĴ͸Ǯӵ塣
һȻͻʮŷݣѪˮ緢
֮ͬʱǮӣϾʿΣĹͷԪһǷֱԶȥ
˿޷ŵĿ־壬ֱѾԿ϶׷ʿȻ֪뵤֮£ʩ֮ҲĪĹ
˵ĸɵʿȻǿķĪǡĪǰ˽֮˲ɣ뵽ǮӸԪӶݣҪһϢ߸֪ͬ
ףڶԮͬţò˶þͿԸֻҪԼټƬ̣
ɫ԰ףǮԪӶݶɲǣۻһȻȫ֮ɺХϸȥԷ𺣲һ㣬ǾŲ㣡
䣡
Ų𺣸һ̷֣ȫһȼգһ֮ǰȥ
һȻɢȡ֮һֻʮɴСİɫȸûȸ֣
һӣ˲׷ǮӣԪֱײȥ
ǮԪ˫Ŀͫһٴθܵıƽ˿룬Ŀ¶˫֮̾һɻԵϢ
ȴΣ֮ʱѡԪԱֻΪԱҲǿԲٿأ˫ۺȻ䱬һɷ籩ֱٽȸȥɲǼ䣬ԪеǷͬʱֱȸ
ȴûֹȸĳȻײϣȻǮȫ
ҽлصǮԪήһеȥȫĻ棬ԶԶӶݿ
Ӷ˫һӡûȴһͷ֮⣬Ǿ֮һ֣Ǯһ֮ήƬ̾ͱɢ
˱֮꣬ǮͷҲطӶݡ
ȸɢӰûؿѪģԼɼһд󣬶Զ۵ǮӣĿɱŨ
֮꣬ûʩչһָԱߵ֮꣬ǻ˫ĿһȴһĹֱӳڡ
һ˫ȻƽƽĿ⣬֪һ֮£ݲȣһʿΨӲŻˣ
ص컯󣬶ڰ׷ͨΪ͸ɱ֮˼ޣͿ֮
ȥӶݵԽԽԶǮӣֻ˫Ŀͬʱ̧һָǰǿգ
ʱǰǿУһɷ籩ɨңһɫɢǲƵλãһ޴Ȼ֣ʳָ͹𣬳ɰȭ֮òȻ֡
һָ
֮˻֮Ϊһָƺڣ޷ٶȣӶݵǮԪݺݵ£ƾ㣬Ҳܲϵһָ
һһָȡǰǿյһУǮӵԪھб㾧ɢǿգһͬɢģһָ
һƬӳֵڣĵʱǶݣһУֱԶȥ
ڣһսο˼ѣ߽١֪ܷɹȹؿڣڴ˿ߴʹϵϮ
˫ۺ˸ָı˷򣬽ʧǿյľͷ
պ󣬵ԶĪ޴½ңңĿ֮ʱ˿ѡķ򾭹ϸĿǣ֪ǰʿٽһȦ˵һ·ҲûκʿɹĴǷڳ˳
ֲ֪ɱǮӲãʩ̵Ҳɸȥ֪һϢ̴Ĵ½Ϊ̱ܵķ
Ǯ֮˻ڵ𾪣֮·Ѱ֡ʱѾԶԶ뿪ˡ
ЩʿȻʩɽڵǾߺԼƬĿ嶾ϣ飬嶾ڶɻĿ⣬ͽͲ塣
һڽչ
»صĪ޴½ֻһֱԪڶȥףӣڶȻǷӿʿչΧܵʱ򣬹ԪڵݾΪҪ
ֵĻع飬ûԪ̫ע⣬˲Ƴ˹ԪԷҩԺ֮ڣֵɲǣ̾ͿϥڷܿԼһµɫ
㡭ܿʶҪ˵ȴûᣬֱһӣдҩݳ֣ת۾֮ܿѻСɽ
ҩݣһ仰߽ᡣ
ܿǰҩݣļʶһ۾ͿЩҩкܶ඼Ǽѻ֮ֵԶԶĳ֮ǰĵЩ
˰죬ܿŻһڴԴ뿪ͱʦһѵ⣬壬ţǰһ֮պϵ٣Լǧˡ
ϥڣ˫Ŀأؿ£ɫв԰ףأؿ֮Ȼа˸һıƳ塣
һŤѸץŰһקڵһͰЩקѪӿ֣Ⱦ
аߣ¶⣬ݺݵһ죬̻ɻɢּɣϵرƳһߡ
һ·ȫʱ䶼棬˿ʣȻࡣ
ڻصԪڵĵգڵİȫƳһ߻ɻң¶⡣
һץǰִѷ죬ڷɳ޹ǵС
һ·ԻƷʼû̫ʱϸ۲죬˿иʱʶҪȥо
ʱ˫ĿͻȻһ뵤һʧ˷䣬صףֱ֮
ҪȽˣ


1157 һ
߽٣ʿ˥һͷ­֮ϵһն£Ϊʧܣ
һ٣ͬ٣ǵ٣
֮٣֮ʿ˥ҪĶ࣬Ϳ˾ļ䣬ԽǿĹԽ˵Ϊٷ֮ʼһЩһֱ֮ʱһ
мٵһֹһֱǲŻٵһ١Ϳ˾ڵڰʱ٣ɶȹǽͨ˵ûдﵽǣȴﵽ˰ǵ۷壬Ϊ˳˵кľǣðī
ǵ٣ǹһ֮٣ʲôӣͿ˾֪
֮ʱһ٣Ϳ˾ļûеģÿÿ뵽ֶЦǰ٣䲢й֮ظɶù֮Ҳй
ֵһУΪ˵һ֮ʱȽٵĹ
ڰǹɶȹ٣˵ȴһߡ
һ٣еһ𣬱ȫϵˣȸʥ֮ʱֱ°֮ʣڵĹͷƺڣ˼Ӿ磬ؿȫΪǺ
ǿʼǵһ٣ڲϵ£ȫްѪ֮󣬵һٽ
⣬ɡֻͿ˾Ѫһ֮
Ԫڵ֮أϥеıȻû˰ѪڣֻʣһǼܡ
ǼϣһƬѪɫѪɫһ㱡ĤŹͷȫϸԷѪɫĤͷ֮䣬ŲѪҺ
ַٽɲǣ۶ȻĹ⣬ѡ
ĬĬĿűϥ£Ϊ令ͬʱȫ뱾ڣΪֵʹࡣ
ʱ仺عȥת۱죬Уʹ಻ϵؼӾ磬ȫûκѪ⣬ֻʣ¹ͷȴѵĸо˷
Уʮ
˿ڹԪڵ£һʮɴСĹǼƽϵѪ˸ѪѪҺٶȼӿ졣
ֹ죬ֱĹǼܣѾȫ죬ﵽɣǱһ˻ҪֵĹͷϣѪҺϡֻٶȴɢˡ
ЩѪҺͿ˾ѪЩӵ£ıͷգȫյ˲䣬һ
һɲǣ˫ĿĹԴ͸ؿıգͬʱһ֮Ȼصص
ǽ١
촫ҽţֻӴҽŹǣһ̷һ֣֮һ顣
ŹǴѣһƬɻɢԱߣʹ£ȫͷڲֻ֮ûɢΪҡ
󣬼صصÿһ𣬶űϵһͷֵķɫ԰ףҧ뱾һͬ޷ʹࡣ
ϸð𣬶ĺꡣ
ǽ٣ķʽ٣ڹǿ£ʧȥѪ⣬һ˿ҲɻָǵһĨȥľ
Ĩȥ󣬹ǽˮӿҪȥʧȥ޷ٻָıȫͷһȫ֮Ǿɢ³ֻ

Ҫȹǽ٣Ҫ»֮Կֱȫͷٴ۳
۳¹ǣ֮Ҫ㣡
ԣ־ʹȴȻ̣ǷǱ𣬶̣žʹȫͷѱ
ֻȫͷȫѵһ˲䷴ʹιǽٱɱʵȲʱôǷˣǳɹˣȫĹͷҲֻһٴۣĹͷǰһ
˵Ļǽٶ˵ȴǰװ˷һλᡣֻףԽǺڷɹʱԽͣŹͷϵѣķΧԽնȽٵѶȾԽߡ
ʵڹһУЩǹҲ˵ǹ񼸺ȫѡȴȫͷȫɲǷԴ˻Ϊ컯
ֻͷãȴǺ֮кļֵһڹͷʣʿָ׸ǴСʱ㲻ɵÿʼȽ١һָ׸ǴСһͷͳΪڶȫΨһ
ǹˣǹǺмֵһߡһ̣Ǿ·ǰɳɹ˺һԨ
ԼֵܼܲһûаգΪһ۹ʹԼΪĹ񣬶Ĳƴͷ
ΪޣΪ壬һޣֻһ֣졢١Ҫѣַֹ֮뱾ͬʱ˫Ŀâ˸¶ɫ
ûźûǲصĿ⣬ȴǰ⣬йεľ춯أ
֮䲻ϣѾȫȣϥҲΪ˹ǻңǹͷӴڴݿ˵ر
µʱڣĪ޴½֮ӵصʼл΢ڣȴԽԽ죬˴ص΢𶯡
Ī޴½ϵķˣһľãȻ֪ʲô顣ΨйĤݣϲϢŭ
ԪڵʿǶһ鼫Ϊӣȫ׷ʼĩǺڶУɵþͻ
̷ƻߣĴϴ˿ƮڰգĿڵصףǵΪȻĸܵǴ֮֮
ԭǰ򶫾ʹǰȥ̽飬ȴ̷ֹֻµ֮ԽԽңһ㡣
ҲͰˣҪĪ޴·ϵԪŵص׺֮ԽӾ룬Ȼ˴ΧĽһ֮裬УԪӿ
˸о޷˼ģĪ޴½ǿգԪۣ˵ʼ⣬ŨԪĪ޴½ۣһĪ޴½ķɲǱ
뵽һĺ˾ͻͷƤ顣
ĸоľģĪ޴½Уʱ¶ӵޣЩ²֪ΪΣȫĪ޴½˫¶âԥ
ζҪȴסһĻͷʲôЩޣȴЩ޲ǰУ˷ԥ֮ɫ
ЩУף״ڣΪµģһ߽ޣ߽ޣ뾻һս
ʦã֮ǰΪֹǰȥ鿴죬ǱҪȥһĪ޴½ϣ׳ʲôȻǿԪʹЩڲֵۣһ뵽߽޵Ӱһ˿̶̷ƣɫΪء
ԱҲǳĬп̷ơ
̷ҧ´ĬĬĵ˵ͷ


1158 
߽ҲͰˡϷģǴ¼ȥǿ뾻Բʿһսİ˽ޣʿľŽҲᱻʱĪ޴½ƽ٣һˣص˵
ӦòɡϾĪ޴½λýϾĽԵӦûи߽ޡ򶫳ĬƬ̣˵
Ըˡҡͷ¶ɬ̷ƣһֱڣǼ˶֪Ϊ֮ǰ̷ƻֹǰȥ̽顣
̷ûнͣǻֱ·ȥ໥ۣ˵̷ڵʱȫâ˸ֱӴ͸سصס
ڵصڣٶԻǺ֮ΪĴУԴϽ𶯣Ҳв
һɿµĲϵشӵصʹ˾Ȼȫһѹ·һµĴڣأǰͬϣ
ĸо̾ʹӰһ٣һɫءΨ̷˫Ŀҧ´֪Щʲô
ǺȻѹ
ⲨӦòǷ
˼ΪԥƬ̣ҧ֮´ͷҪ棬ʲô
Խ£ѹԽŨ֮ʹѹ£Ȼַٻصĸо
˵ٶԽԽԵصѹиһɷϢ˸һӴ̲
ҽ飬뿪̷һ·Ĭ˿̵һοڴ
˳Ĭ죬˫¶⣬˵ȥкҲģ˵̵꣬صٴγȥ
ԥƬ̣Ҳں̷ư̾ͬ˹ȥǰУؾص֮ԽԽ
˿Ǻ֮ѾԶԶλãƺع˱Դ˾춯ص֮졣
ͷǹͷڱʹȫͷҲ
˲ϵٽУۿҪǴ֮أһɲǣͻȻһɷʶӵص¡¡ĺɨ
뿪
ʶ֮Ӵͬһ籩ХֱײϣΪǰ˿һʶɨһѪڸ֮ص˺ԥĺˣ¶Ŀ־塣
ҲӾѪɫ԰ף̵ˣҵĲĿͬ¶־뾪
̷ƣҲӲѪۣ˫ȴǸΪĳ֣ӡ֤еĲ²⡣
λǰڴǱޣԪ˺бȭҪ˵
һһΣȴǱ֮ŻҪǿγɵķ籩ǺɨʹĪ޴½ĵҵĲ
Ǵӵصӿһɷֱ֮֮˶ӲٴѪǺ֮³ٿصĵˣһˣȻֱӻһֱߣ·һ޷ݵĴƶӣصײϵشƬ̾ƿ˵棬һ׳
Ӹһƿڰգ̴غȴѪҲΪǱı̷ͬˡ
վڰգ¶Ȼ໥˿̷ĨȥѪ˵͸ǣҪȥʦ˵ŭȴû̫˼ǡ
ʦ棿ɫ԰ףղǷӡͻᾪ̷֣ƵĻԭء
ʦӺƣӦš̷ƳĬƬ̣
Ҳ˵˿̵صڣֱɵӣеĹͷȫѱһεĹǻҺۼк֮
ͷǣ˿ҲѵĴ룬Ȼڲϵرʹ޷ݣȼűַȫ
ʱʣµһͷǴ֮ȴٴαⲻϵرУһƬƬǻɢʣµĹͷԽԽ٣ֻʣ˷ƴС
ССһͷɵĹ˵ʵ΢ֻ̣ܵʹ࣬Ѿ
֮
ǰƴСĹͷʼյ߽⣬ԽԽСƬ̼䣬ֻʣָ׸һ㣬ನıУ׵ɢ
ʱֹͣƺתǱĹͷǻңɢһɲǣַϥ͵˫̧ۣǰһָ

һֳڣӲں֮صѪȥͬʱɢĹǻңȴ˲һ٣
ţһɹϢصĪ޴½ϵԪ˲Хصףϵٽ˵ء
һȴԴ͸һ̣صصǳأ뵽ÿһˣÿһʿÿһС
֮⣬һɷַϧʩչĶ£Ϊһ߷
ɢеĹǻңһֲ˼ٶѸƬ̼»һָ׸ǴСĹͷ
۵һУĪ޴½Ԫӿ룬ǹͷһ۶Ĺ֮ǣӲĳ̶Զ֮ǣ
ָ׸ǴСĹͷԽԽ󣬲ʱʹﵽߴ磬ߴ֮ǣľĪ޴½ԪһС롣
ǹͷڲϵƬ̼γ˰ɴСɻεͷǣǹͷϣâ˸âǹǽڣһй֮ǣ˿ǽٲϵػͬʱڲϵۣܶʼѡ۵ѭ£ĹͷȻ㵽۷塣
һصǰɵĹƬ죬ۣĪ޴½ϵԪȫ㲻ʣ
˿ֵ̣ͷǣ׵˳˫Ŀ¶âص
Ϊս֮ǽ٣ٲң˫ۺ죬ͺоӶͬʱĪ޴½ԪӿĳĪ޴½ķ㡣
Ƿֽͬһ
ɲǣԪ룬һз籩ֱԪڶԪڵʿ˿ԶԶɢķ籩ХٽԪڵصס
ֵıԪ룬ʱʹĪ޴½ǿеҲӿȴûüɢĪ޴½̱ǣֱԪڡ
һĻձ֣糤ԪԪڵصס
Щޣ˿̷·𱻾סˣȫ˲ҿ
ŴԪӿһͬѸٱֱգһŭУֱĹͷһֲ˼ٶȣǹǽٶԿвϵ۳
ģͷǾǳֱ֣ϰͷȫۣ
ǹǽǿֵƴ֮£ȴҲҪ棬ѹסͷ
Ī޴½ķԲԪǣԶԶȥＸΪһ޴УеģĪ޴½ĹԪڣ
Զһͷọ̈̄γ˶ɵľ޴ʨޣĿ¶̰Ī޴½һ·֮ȫΪõҽӽһɰ˽޵Ϣƿ


1159 
ԲԪӿ룬Щǲ
ֱϰͷɣ°ڼԪϵӿֶĪ޴½ǿյУǴӰɢմﵽǧ
ǧڣ޴нԪֻǣչûнϾĪ޴½ȣǧķΧ΢
ǧǧһ򡭡ʮʮ򡭡򣡣
Ī޴½ﷶΧǿգ죬Ԫ񣬺ХгĪ޴½Ԫڵ£
ƺڣ֪Դƺƺ֮ʱѾˣ׷ݣ·ɽ粢δԶ֮ʱҲȻڡ
ʲôһƺʿԻش⣬ֻ֪ΪĴڣʹƺڣһͷͷޣ
Ҳ֪ʲôȫͷϵУȴ֮Уȴ˵Եɡ
Ī޴½ⷽԲԪӿ룬°ȹ֮ٱһؽعͷѸѹ˹ǽ٣Ƭ̺ȳͣ
֮£ȫ֣ȫͷһؾۺ󣬹ǽ٣ɢ
֮ٲûнֱͷָɲǣһѪ֣ǹͷѸٳ޾Ѫ⡣
ֻЩѪһ̱һе٣Ϣ併٣ֹѪӶﵽĥɢĿġ
һ׼ٽٵ˲䣬ĨȥѪ̧һץǰдѷ֡
ڷɳһȭͷСѪӹ֮ػõѪ֮ǰһʹñһпԱһ֣׼
˿ЩѪһһɳѸֱĹͷϣһ¾ͶʱС
óЩѪ˲䣬Ī޴½Щ˵ޣһֱֹͣĶĪ޴½һһ˫˫¶ķƺѪ˵ĲƷֻŵģζǿԲϧһУ
һ£Щ̵תֱĪ޴½ȥ֮Уס߽޶У˿̷֮£ǵسȥ
Ī޴½ϵĹԪʿȻֵ𺳣ǿһͷͷ޺Хɵþѹ
صֱ˹ѪһѪ̴ӹͷϳ֣һѪԪ˳Ѫ
˿̣һƵҲصףַ˫Ŀ¶ɱ˫ĿͬĹ˸
֮£ٶɵСԼٶȻһ㣬ͬʱǰһ壬뱾ٴںϣ
ں˱͵̧ͷǰһ֮𶯴أ˻һֱӳأ
ƿسֵɲǣĪ޴½ٽޣʱŰķкһһֱ֮ӳһͷצԱߣ̧ǰһȭȥ
һһѪ̾ͻһƬѪһȭ֮£ֱѡȴһ֮ƮѸڡ
֮޵Ҳִ˿Ҫ֮
ĸܵڵıѪٶȿһ˿һΣֱһͷ޶ȥٶ֮죬˲ӰǿһȭʹĪ޴½սѪ꣡
һͷͷҪֱľѪȴûȳɹɣһһһʱ֮䣬ؼǺ֮صϡ
һȥһͷԱߣſԼɲǣȭֱڣ֮£Ӵڡ
ڶ̶̵ʱڣаͷЩȫӿּΪĸоĿ˸ٴγ
һͷͷޱһĻԶܵʿУֻʣ뺧Ȼˣ̷ƻԺһЩϾ׼
ȴǴһУߵͬ
ʦ桭ʦ桭ǿޣȻʦһȭͨ¾ֱ
ʱһ޺ԶԶֻڣһͷọ̈̄ɴСʨ
ֵ˲䣬޶ʱɢٽһΧ֮ڡ
˽׽ʨޣ˫ͫ߶Ͼ̷Ҳ¶֮ɫ
͵̧ͷ¶⣬ʿһͬһֱʣİ˽޼ǰȥ
֮쳬˱ףٽ޵ɲǣ̧ǰݺݵһ飡
һ춯صĺȿնȻһ٣һ±ѪɢӴڣվ˽֣ͬ
Ȼһͷͷ̰٣ǻ˿־壬һʿĿһĻԼ۾
˽ס򶫴סˣһƬհף߶ϣͬԭأȫȫˡ


1160 ٻ÷
һźɨ˲ɱ˽ޣ˽˵뾻Բһսɲʿ޷ʩչֻƾعûͨϾǰ˽ޣ
˲ɱ˽޵ʿƺҲ̤ǿ֮У
˴һĻ֮ǰδʦ棬̳ϡжֵлɣһ̣ȴǺԥѡԡ
ĴͨʿҹԪڣԪڳưָտɴ̷⣬߶໥˿ܣ
֪˲ǰ˽޻ᱻ˲ɱڲ֮ǰһƺʿҲУôе𺳣ء
Щ֮ޣ˿̰ʧ־ȡУʱһɢֱԶۣҪɳĪ޴½ķΧصڡ
ʿ˼ûȥᣬ˿ȫǰ˽޵ϵ뱾Ѫںϣֿ١
Ϣ˫ĿһһԶɢޣǰһȥͬһո֮⣬˲ٽһͷӶеԱߣֱһڴ͸һƬѪ
չâƣȴ磬ÿһ˸һͷޱ
Ƭ̼䣬ָ׷Ī޴½Ī޴½ǿһҽ֮ǿգǱѪޣȴǵһɱ
ⳡɱһʱ󣬽ؽˣĪ޴½ʮڣκ޴ڣֻвһЩմſ־ļߣһ޷ǣĪ޴½ϣһʿһ㡣
Ī޴½ķ㱻޸ٴοһƺصԭӣûκα仯еģֻǹԪʿڡ
˿̣ڹԪԷҩԺ⣬򶫡̷ߣΪվѾãȴûκβ͡
ԷʿѾǨȥԺ̷ܿ⣬Էڣκεӡ
ЩҩݡʦأĿԺһƬҩ֮ϣõܿ϶Ĵ𸴺ɫм
ʱԺڵصϥĶ棬˴СĬĬɡ
Ѿָ˴룬ΨؿһѪ⻹ڽһٽյĵֿ
ʱ仺ȥֱؿڹâ˸ɢɹĶȹ˹߽еĵһ٣
𻺻˫ۣ¶Ϊ֮âһεѹɢƤΪֲڣĹͷӼӲ
˿̵ıѾĳΪ˹񣬶Ĳ޾Ԫ󣬶ȹѵıΪ
üǵԱߣٴγһǵ㣬ֻǵ㻹ЩģδȫͣˣѾֿϲ
񲻱ʿÿһǵѶ̫һǧڶε֮£ʹñﵽǡ
˵лģܷӳʵȴԶԶس֮ǰҪǣﵽǵĹ񣬾ͿԴܻԼ£
¶΢Ц±ڵصϥɣ֮ʼµܻ뿪ҩԺڡ
غһãɽٳɹΪƺһʵƾ뱾ͨʿɱ֮Ȼû֮ǰǰѣ
ʿкԼԲ֮༫󣬲֪ұ֮ʿ֮ǿ¶⣬ƿţ˳ȥ
ҩԺڣָһ֣ϣΪֵĿҲεɼƬƬ
ҩԺڵҩݣ˾ϣҪʱ䣬ƾƺе֮Ϊ
ȽɡУĿҩԺϣڡ
ƽȴ̺һ˿εϣԺ˶У̾ʹüдŹ߽Ժڡ
ܿнţ̷˽ȥ
Ӳμʦ棬֮ǰ֪ʦع飬֮ʦ𷣡򶫼˸һԺӣæ
һ̵Ľ̸֮˸ˣܿҲپס̷ȥϲ¥ԷѾΪ˽κε̤롣
ͬʱֵķԸ£ĵ߽׵ҩһһֻЩҩѾۣϵ۲ֻ˵ҩȫߡ
о֮ʱĪ޴½ңԶ֮Ϊʩ֮һܵѰչɵʿɢһƯ½Ų飬һЩȥ
ľٶй뵤ϢҲش߽򣬸˰˽ע⡣
һֱߡ˽ڷɳֱ򱻷ǴĴ½ȥ
ƺ֮֮ŨʿʶչҲֻܻʮңóȻڣͬס˫ۣ׾ʧ޷ȥ
ƺǿޣУһЩͨɢʹΪһ壬ǱʿȥǣҲ
ȣڲļǣͷ·ߣ΢
⼸ڴڵȴԾ춯أʹЩǿޣҲҪΪɵײ῿
ƺŽ
ھŽԵ߿ǳɱУ˴֮вǣʹ߿ǲֱ˴ˡ
ʱǿŴ֮׵ϣ֮£һƬԭԭһƵĽ
⽨һ񣬵һʿָŲ죬ŭĿӣƺ񷣬һݵҰ
ԭһƬֻвһЩСʱ֣˴ˣкܿԶԶ߿ãԶһХѸٽ
ǳڣһŮӣŮòΨŹֵģӵһͷɫ㷢ķɫƺֻһӵУ
ǾǾŽڵٻ÷
޵ʮᵤʮԪӤʮ껯ʮӤ䣬ʮһʶ޵Ϊ۷塣
ȫ࣬޵İ꣬ﵽ˿Բ꣬Ϊ˾ʿ
پٶΪʿУСһλʱգ޵һǧ꣬ΪȻﵽڡ
ƺٻ÷֣һ棡
ٻ÷μʦ棡ǳڵǰɢ¶쪷˵һŮӡ
˾ī֣ȥһпܣͰѻ֮ҵһͬءһɣ꣬Ĵǵڴؼ̾һƻص
ٻ÷ǣתȥ
ǵڲϥһ׷ԲԵߣȫദã¶׷䣬ãҡͷ̾
˾ʦ֣꣬ʦˡ


1161 ̵ã
Ī޴½һʱ֮ƽԪڵĵӸʱͻԷڴĵը֮ȴû˸ҽ룬·ԷʱĿ⣬ҲǴŹ
޹ǵҲϸоȴɫ粻ⵤ˵ĹЧ֮Ȳ˵ǷʵЩҩݣоо󲿷ֶǰδ֮
ͨԪڵĵ伮ҵһЩζҩģǱľȲݡ𻨣ǰ֮ǸʱҲǼΪϡ٣ڣѾֻԪڵĵ伮ȴһЩ¼ƺڰ˽ڣһСǱľ
ҪǣյҪֻʮ۷֮꣬ں֮󣬷ɽ
ҲͰˣյļʣȴǼͣʱҪµ޹Ϊڻ˹ڣÿʧһΣ޹ǵɫͻһЩ޹ǳ׳ΪһƬʱ˵ɵĿܡ
һɹ޹ǾͻɢΪҩһ֡
޹ǣ˹ǵɫܲڣȴѾò˼Σͻ
޹֮ǰȻѾΣδɹĻⵤѾʧ˵Щҩ޻󣬻˵޹죡
ǲ֪⵽ʲô֮ǡһ˿ܵҩЧΪ棬ҲҪһ£޹ǣϸĹ۲Ƭ̣봢ռڡ
ٴζһ뵤һֵͬʶɨɫŹĬ죬ڴѷһץʱǶԪɳ
Ŀ¶ƽָⶾԪ£ÿһָ£ⶾӶԽ
Ƭ̺Ȼ˶Ԫͷʶ˳ֺɨֱԪʩչѻͨ
һĻĻӿа嶾ŵ֮дһ֮£գҵйصļ䡣
ʱ仺ȥҹ֮ʱ̧֣δȥԪ봢ѷ죬Ŀ¶
ڶӵļУ֪һǧǰƺڷ飬á
ûм¼κͨ빦ֻһڵƣһӡǣһһǧǰŴӵӡǣ
Ϊ˾ī⣬һǧǰһţҲ޹ǵһˣѳڣʧ֮ڡ
һǧǰŽڣǲ뿪ּͬΪӵǵ֪ⲿ˲أʧѶȫ޺һεţҲ˾īʦһķ
պ󷲳˾ߣعڣһţΪӣ
һƺһڶʿĹעΪһĻᣬѰڵǲʧٵֻʱĶȹûκа㷢֣شҲƽϢ
һֱ嶾ڻڵ̽ӻ㱨йʩ̵ľٶ²⣡ԭ嶾Ųδ̫ӣϾʱ̫ãп٣ֻɳ˲֮ǰȥ̤飬Ӿдߡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ棡
ĬĬ֮
պһдãȥκй뵤飬־֮С
֮ǰĴ½һУջҩݣȡ˴޻꣬Щ޻ף뵤ҩڣΪʺִ˿̵Ϊ
ĴռڣһЩ֮꣬Щ޻ȫ뿪Ĵ½ɱڵӺŮȡĻǡ
ͬĴռڣһߣǶӵıޣȻﵽ۷壡
ЩнλߵģǱ˲ɱİ˽֮꣬˻Ϊ֮ǰûƻȡ˹Ԫڵҩ
ʧ֮ڽ뵤ҩںϣγһö˽굤
Ѱ˶ӵļڴ˵֮УֿһܸȤı֮
֮嶾һ콾֮ŻĴ󷨽γΣһЩ޻꣬ԶʹЩ޻໥ɣӶһɵĸ߽׻ǡ
ַֻһܴȱ㣬Ǿı޻꣬޷֮ͨ꣬ΨͬǱı޻꣬໥֮ſɡһ󣬸嶾˺ܴĴ
޻ĳɹʲߣԽǸ߽ףԽǼɣҪƳһŽ޻꣬ôҪı˽޻겻ϵɣÿһ˽޻꣬Ҫ߽ףԴơ
żȻ˸߽֮꣬ȴҪĴĵرſҩҩҲʧܣÿʧһΣ޻ͻܶࡣ
һ֪Ƴɵĵһöҩʧʮκųɣܳɹ޻ҲѾɢ˴룬ҩЧҲ˺ܶࡣ
嶾ţҲòɳܲסġ˵ǣʹ߽ס˽ɣҲܳĵģУɱ֮ʵڲ޻ֱ꣬ȥץʡºܶࡣ
ڿְԼһ£ڴģҲľϸĥ֮ȴǴ򵥳һ¡նӼƶҩķյʱ䣬ǿ˼ݡ
Եĵص㣬ûѡԪڣĪ޴½һɽڲڳһ˴Ľƺ󣬰һЩ޻ӡڣҩ۲˼գЩ޻Ȼʼ໥ɣּӳ˷ӡŻص˹Ԫڡ
ƽĴգȡԼĵҩǰ˽׵ҩʼ̷µģ׵ҩ
޻Ԫ£ûз֮ʱɢԪںϣʹֽ뵽һ״̬֮С
½׵ҩϡ״̬£һͷͷ޴ӵʼĤأ֮ı仯
׵ҩڵ޻꣬޷̫İЩҩҲֻϤֶ˵ǰδŵĽ޻ķ
׵ҩֿ֮ʼ̷׵ҩڵ֮꣬ʿڵΪ֮̾ʹ⾳˲
һͷͷޣƾõУعһĻĻʵУֳڣ޾ӵĸУѰԼĵѰ֮Ĵ㡣
֪˶ãֻʣǰ˽׵ҩʱ״̬ѹãȻǰ૵
һ֤֮Ϊ㣬֤֮Ϊ桭ƺĵҩ컯Ǹʿһδ׷ѰĻᡭ޻ꡢһʽȥع򡭡ֻ֮磬ƺַĹ̡
ֻǣޱϾޣƬ棬޷׷ݱԴǡ˻ֳ֮һֵĴڣʹΪֱӡĻҪ´ĵҩѰҵԼҪ⾳໥ӡ֤
ͬһ˼룬ÿ˵˼붼һҪԼ˼ʵĸ⣬Ҫ˵ĸӡ֤ȡ侫˼֮Уƺʿѡ޻ꡭͬӣѡڶĵһ
ã֮ʱĪ޴½⣬߿գٽǳһʿ֮ܵ£Ī޴½̤˷㣡


1162 ߣ˺֮
嶾ţдڽΪǿһ뻪ڲಮ٣˫Ħڶ࣬˴˷ϡ
秺Ϊ嶾źĵӣ˵ΪûжӸߣҲ˾ڣΪ嶾ŵǿһУӡ
˿̵ɫ˸⿴ʵȴ嶾¡
秵һ·ɥ֪߻濴ߡ秺һʿ֮ڣʿһӣƫƫϻһЩ֬ʹô˿һ
秺кһǺʿĳһ·ٲϳԼݹĳ
嶾źô磬ĳҪ嶾ţڸҲħԵսǺʿ΢΢һЦֻЦȴǼΪ䡣
秺Ŀ˲ŨʱһȴӶԴ
ˣ˴Ѱ嶾ͽΪڶ˵һӣΪڣڣ秺Ĭ໥ӣѹڽҪֵԪ
ӣһɵźĵӣ嶾ӵ飬ѽ͵˺ܴĴۣǿѴƹǲòɳºĵͬһ㱻ɴߣЭѰҶӣʵӡ
Ƕʱ޷ҵӣ嶾Žپ޴Σ
󣬻һЩɵĵӣһ磬ƿĪ޴½ķ㣬١
秺ȥ˵عԪڣӷɢĪ޴½ҴѰҪŹκһط˿֣ʾƽȴвɵϡ
ܵæǣ˴ɢֱѰÿٽһ½ˣҲᳵ졣
ˣɢȫΪŹԪڼ۶ȥ߿գһĺ֮
ʱ˾ּΪŵķʽ˹ԪϿգԪڵʿȻ̷򶫵ĸϵĴ£׷뿪Ԫڣڰչӭ
Ҳ˵֮£֪ȫ룬ڴΧѰ̷ֻ˵Ϊλ޷֪ԷѰʲô
ٽ˲䣬ȭԪڲμɡԵ̷ƣȭ
µŷɽһȭȿڡ
û뵽ܿˣĺӣɨ̷һۣЦЦڵСˣħԵˡ
嶾秺秺ɫʼ˵֮Ŀ˸âڹԪЩʿһһɨ
߶໥˿˴еأɣռĳɵǿĳ̶ȣҪԪڣֻһ֮䡣
ˣ͸˵ˣ秺Ŀ£ЩһͷӣΨ̷ɫƽû˵
ѹǿЦЦȭ֪Ϊ£ҪҹԪЭĵطԪڶȻȫԸ
秺һǰһȥֱһԪڵߣһһ㣬ǹԪڵĵһһѪԶԶ׳·ȥ
ͻȻһĻ̾ʹùԪʿɫ䣬ܿŭĿӣһΣֱǹԪڵӶȥӷס
Ԫڵɫ԰ףӲðһ⣬ܼʹ࣬ȴк
ɣһԪӤӣ˵Ŀô̷¶䣬˵
ɽ¶΢ЦҡͷԪڵλĪҪţʵǴ¹ϵشȫɾѰһˣأΨһ߶ղ秵ѳ֣ҲΪԪλСϣһ˿ļ󡣡
̷иΪ䣬̧˵ĹԪڵһ̴ָӾüг֣ʱԪӤɳԪӤ֮ϣһɫС֮꣬ıޡ
ֻ˿̣СήңƺҪԪڵӵԪӤҲ͸
秺ɫĿԪӤɨȥĿâ˸µĹԪڵӣƬ̺͵ػͷٴǰһֱǵӵܿȥ
ܿɫһ䣬Ϊ޷ʱ̷ӿɷֱ糤ٽǰһӣһƬ秺
秺ЦĿһ̾ǰû߸ɫӡǣȫǺХǰԥȥ
֮ȻصȴǺھ秺˲䣬Ȼ˿޷ֹ秺ɲУ秺Ѿվܿǰ
̷ɷأܿĵӣű˳ֽˣ޷סҪ֣ԶҲɫֹ秺ϾܿѰӣǹԪڵĵϵġ
һ˲䣬ǵɽ˫Ŀ⣬ſھһͺȣ
Ԫ֮ˣٸҵѰҪܴµĺ
һ֮£Ȼ춯أغХڣ̺ع򣬸һͨڡ
ضƲ㵹ûĲɢ
УԪڵӷ׷Ӿ𣬿ڱѪ˫ˡ̷ˣҲһӲɵһ٣¶ݣ
Գ棡
¶м֮ɫĿ·ԪɽŸ¥һһɨͻȻüͷһ壬˹ԪԷ
˿̣秺ɫ԰׵ܿɭ˵СŮޣȲݵζȶ޳Ѩ޷λǹԪ֮˵Ϊ޷ãϵⶾݵζлʣ㣬Ӻδõ
ܿѪɫ秺ĿŨŨѹʹ񺳶ҧ´Զʦ
秺¶ɭ֮ЦתͷͬĿ̷ϡ
ѣĳҪĽͣ
ΪûǵΪ޳ѨȡҩݣҹԪڵĳ޷ȶݣʦȡ̷ƽ˵
ʦ棿秺Ŀһʶɢܣͷ·ԪɽԷǰһֱԷȥ
ٶȼ죬ת۾ٽԷ߽ԪڵĽأ̤Է˲䣬秺Ȼһ¶𾪣Էָͬ磬̤̾͸ܵԷԵһѰҩԺڣȻһϢơ
ҩԺڣһǿޣɢϢȴ秺ȫѪҺ
ߣ˺֮ɭûаڵ纮㴵秺У秺ɫ䣬̲԰ףǿҵΣ˲ȫԥ̾ҪˣҪ˳µԷ
һɲǣ秺ʱ͸ܵһ޷ĳɽѹֱؿڣһ秺Ѫ׳֮ϣѪ׳Ļؿ¶һڵӡӡţ


1163 ˡ
ؿƬƬ裬Ѫڵӡģ秺ӴԷ׳һɲǣһ˿˿ε˳ڵӡƮֻƬ̣秺ʹΧήͬǡ
ӿֶǣֱ֮ǰ˵ĹԪԪӤϣӲɢָ
һ秺أңӲϵس鶯У¶ŨŨĿ־塣
һƬĿ£
ħԵ¶𾪣ֱĶԷʶ˺ɡôҲû뵽Ԫڵʦ棬ȻΪ
뵽֮ǰԼ٬̷ƣЩͷƤ飬Ҳ̰ͼ̷ɫˣټһ·ɾǿͿǹƺ
ԪھȻǿߣɽҲ˫ĿͫһɫΪأʹ秺˵Ϲ֣ΪǵС
˭ȨҹԪ֮ˣصأûзɽԳ棬ûо춯֮ƽĻȴͬһѰУɽ秺С
ܵİһ⻰ſµѹ
һɳɳĽŲԷڣֱ˫֣߳ûа׷һͷڷ޷Ʈɫ¶ϲŭ˫Ŀǳ֮ߣ׷׶һԪ֮УֲٵĴ
ָоû˿˵ȴĸоƺصһУŴ˵һͷͿɢͿɸı䣬ǻԳѭ
⾳֮ɽɫ԰ףΪߣ׵һɺĵӣ̾ϳԪڵʦʩչģ⾳֮
оΪµǣԷȻǿ⣬ȻȻԳ־磬֮Գ棬̫̫ࡣ
ǵصоģһ֣ڷɽļУΨϵĴϣӵֵͨ
վǵɽʶ˺󼸲иֳ˵Ǿ仰
ôƽߵ秺ߣͷȥ翴ϣ
秺ӲʶĿһֵ˫ۣʱӲΪңǰһƬã֮˲ΪأԼֻеһСĴڡ
񷭽ǰ֮Ϊ˿̣ȴǾü嶾ŵгţҲ޷˿¡
ջĿ⣬ֿգħԵƽĿڣ㣿
ʶ촽˿秺ֿ˿֣̬̹
ħԵμǰ̱ȭɫΪѿ־ȴ˿ȥ˫ۡ
㣿ֵĿŷɽϡ
ɽɫ԰ףıȭǰˡ
֮ǰ˵ֹҹԪڵӣܺŷɽ
ɽͷðȥ˫Ŀָоǰ֮˷ŭôԼΪ˲ͻ
ĬƬ̣ɽһҧ̧ԼؿںݺݵһģһһһѪɫΪ԰ףԪ𶯣ȴ˻
ǰɷϢŭûвȥѪɽɬ˵
ɫ糣
Цɽ֮ˣǣ֮ǰûǰ֮˳֣秺׳ԼҲûκô
ҧ̧֮ͬԼؿںݺݵһģѪ˺󼸲ֱȭǰϢŭ
һĻܹԪڵһΪֵĿ⣬ſȵĳ羴򶫼ͬˡ
ǿԼѰƽ˵
ءɽæڣû˵꣬ͱֵĻϡ
̹꣬Ī޴½
ɽЦ֪Լ˸ղŵľٶȻŭԪڵʦ棬֮ûɱˣΪڵɡ
ʦ֪һϹ֣ٲһ𷣣ʦţҲ׵Ĵͨʿ˵ǰּ䣬秺ΪҪˣʵֻһǰҪɱˣ秺Ѿˡ̾һɽǰʦĻ
ʦԣˣ죬ƺڶͨϹ֣ЩоӲڶȻһЩÿһɱϾж꣬ڻһЩ뿪ΪȴǾ춯ߴڣЩ˻ҲҪԴ
Դ˷мЩϹʱҪͿԼĿģҪ׵
ɽˣƬ̺ȻĪ޴½ϸһеӶһû˿ֺ󣬷秺֮ˣѸ뿪Ī޴½
һֱ㣬뵽ǿУɽ˲˿秺һЩҩлָǿԼУɫȴʼղ԰ף¶֮ɫ
秵ѣϸ˵˵Էλǰγֵġɽ
秺һĻ£ĬƬ̣λǰΪϣûпֻ֣ڽԷ̾͸ܵ޷Ԫٿضһӡҵؿڡ˵ţͷһԼţӡȻڡ
ǶôȻʵ
秺ҡͷǰûа㶾ļ󣬲ǶӣǶҲûΪҸղŰй۲˹Ԫڵʿǵĳ羴ҫв٣λǰӦõȷǹԪڵʦ档
ȷˡɽͷ붾й֮ˣ֪˵֮£ôλǰȻ£ӦûҵѰ󣬲Ż֣ϾΪһס秺󣬻ҪһĴۡ
˵ͷղ֮£ͬ£˵ԪڵʦΪ̫ߣ򣬴Ҳӣ֮ǰֻˣûɱˣĻ˵ɨ秺һۡ
秺ĬȴһƬ¡
֮ǰʱ;ϵ֮ˣЩ˵Ŀ꣬ƺԪڣ˽Թӣϵ¬ƴһҪߵ壡Цֻ
¬ƴӴ˲򵥣ɽƺԸȥ̸ˣڣ
ˣԺ»ҪһЩȥһ½ɡ˻磬ɵӣֱԶȥ
ôϿ֮ˣ򵥡¬ƴӵƺҲءڣɽҡͷȥ¡
ֵĿջأ֮ǰ˼Ĵ½ʱҴңѾתĿ꣬ȻһЩ
Щ޷ȥʱҲûʱҪǣԽµͻԽࡣ
ˣҪľǾΪձ˷ˣǰȥһ˷֮ɽ磡ӶӵļԪڵʱ䣬Ȼ֪ƺķ֮ɽ磬Ҫǳ꿪ţڰ˽򱱲ֻƺڣû˸̤֮ɽ̫ҲΧѰ
֮ɽ磬Ϊɭ׼ɱСкһΪڷ֮ɽӣʶŻðѡӼе֮ԣһɹֽ֮ɽİս
֮ʶƣڽϵԳ򲻿ܿߣֻһһж׻𣬵Ҳı˷֡


1164 
ƺڣУ˿һͷԼɾ޴ޣͻͷʮɳ̵ķǣɢɭɭâ
ͻ޵ıϣϥʮˡɫƽĿЩŮУɢΪĲ
ǵǰͻ޶֮ԣվһӣ꣬һ޷Զ˫֣ĬĬǰ֪Щʲô
󣬹ĸһߣŴһͬעǰ
ջ޵ٶȣһʱ䣬ͻᵽĪ޴½ˡ
ЩˣϵʿԭĪ޴½ʱ䲻ôã򵤷֮£룬ʹϵڲòӻȥĪ޴½ʱڡ
һ£֮ϵڱ̳̤ȥԪڵĵ·
Ŀʼǰڣ˼֮һͷƽ˵ý飬Ҳһ𰸡
һûǰϵΪ֮˻ĺ壬ȥԪڸֵʲô𰸡
Ҫ˵ҡͷ˵㲻ҽƺƽ
߳Ĭû˵
Ϊһ򣬲ӿ߽ס˽Ҳʿ٣ֵôӺüһ˿
ǵ򣬱Ͼֵ̫ߣĶԱ
ǵǲ֮һγ֣ƺƽ٣˷ڶγ֡ǲ֪˭ȡ˵ⵤ¶ʱԽƽķΧͻԽ󡣡ҡͷ̾һ
ݵ飬嶾ŵλȡ˵ԥһ£˵
ҪСɵЩϹ֣΢΢һЦ
һ£ϸ룬˵Īˣ
Ƕȡߣ嶾񻹻ô¶ǣ˵ǶӵΪֵܵʩ̵Ա֮ôܻ֮û¶١ôӶݵ;ɱ˻Ǯӣ
ǮΪ˭ڶ̶̵һʱ䣬ڻڵڶʿǰնɱ
ߵ𶯣òŻָ¶
ڵǮӣȻɱȻ֪¡
һУΨ뵤ʿʵɱǮӦҲ֮٣뿪Ĵ½ʱǮ˻ɣŲò֡¶ϧ֮ɫ
磬ϵĳ֣ɾɱǮӣ֮ǰʱҴ֮תЩʿĿ˶ϣȡһЩʱ䣬ɹʿлûзӦ֮ʱӳǲõķңλҲ㡣
ҪǣǼҲ֪ĿתڶǷ⣬ǿ˴˷Уʶż޻˶ӣô˵ǣȻϧ֮ɫŨ
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ûлͷ֪ߵɻһ뵤ǳɹõ֣˵һ𣬿뵤ʧôһˡ
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¶򣬸в֮ɫؿƬ̣嶾żڣҧǶΪǮӵҲҧ嶾ŸΪ
ЦЦ
ʿʿһΣǵҲС˲١ĻѰСУûκʿڣֻһЩʿһһɱʿˡ˵һȫʿĨȥ¶㣬ĻҲ嶾һڶѣ
𺳣ǰӵĿ⣬¶ĳ羴ɵһ˿־塣
¬ƴӶ꣬һ·ŶԷĬĬߵ۷壬ϵǧǰֻڵһСɣڴ˵УԿǿܲڵǿ¬ƴ֣ߡ˽򣬶֪
ʿһԤУˣмһա¶Σ˫ֵӰͬһɽ
߳Ĭ
ʱ仺ţͻƿۣٶԽԽ졣
Ī޴½ֻа·֮ʱͻȻǰǿڣȻһƬ⣬죬Ȼ͸ʹҲһƬâȾ
ͻһ٣˫Ŀ¶裬п־̺ǰȴ˿ǰ
ͻһĻʹͻޱϵʮʿͬʱ˫ۣһɫƽĬĬվӣעǰȻû˿Ļң
Ϊϵڵʿϵںĵӣ¬ƴĵϵн԰ܣܻţɽǰҲҪ侲
¬ƴԱߵɫأǰǹâΨ¬ƴɫʼûа仯ǰʲôҲûзһ㡣
˷ԲǧɣƬ̺ڽ߳һӰһͷһ£µûбɽ֮䣬ûг֮ᣬеģֻš
д֮Уһ֧ѣһӴ߳˼䡣
ӽٽȫӰչֳ˲䣬ǧɷΧʱҵӿĻʵʣΪһǧɳ̵ɫ
ӣվɫͷ¬ƴӣĿûа㲨һƬû˿ʡ
һ̶ʹ˳Ŀ£ٱŰ֮ˣҲƽиɵĻһ˿Բλ֮ɫ
ٻ÷¬ƴʼձ˫֣ĿŮϣоܾŮ⾳֮ɫȴûκα仯
Žڣٻ÷¬ƴߵ˺󼸲ɫ裬һ۾ϳ˶ԷݣƺΨһŮӣٻ÷
ٻ÷¬֡Ů¶΢Ц¬ƴһǷ
ˡ¬ƴӱȭЦ
¬֣ٻ÷ѯ¬ֽ󡣡ŮһЦɫڡһ·ͬ˺ܶˣÿһشߣֻ̳֮գûлеĴ𰸡⣬Ҳֻʳһûκˣʳڶ⣬˵ˡ
˵¬ƴӵͷ
һ⣬ʲô죿Ů
¬ƴӿٻ÷һۣƬ̣˵죡
ŮüǶˣƬ̺˫¶΢Цٺʢ
¬ֵĻش˼ٻ÷֪Ϊ
ǵڶ⣿¬ƴЦ
ǣǵһ¬ֿԻشôŮɫ˿


1165 ¬ƴӣȲˣ
ھ֮˵ھ졣ˮ֮˵ˮ棬졭ڣ֮ˮ棬֮ޡ¬ƴŮӣܣ㣬ʶд֮Ծˮ֮ˣȻҲƿأ֮߳
ٻ÷룬˫Խ¶֮ɫѷ˿ڶ¬ֵĻشǶأٻ÷һ·˺ܶˣΨ¬ֽٻ÷֮󡣡
ٻ÷¬ƴ΢΢һЦ
¬ǵһٻ÷ʳڶ֮ˣ¬ּ󡣡ٻ÷ǰӣ˵ڳһ¬ƴӣǼߣڵ
¬ĳشٻ÷Ϊɻ󣬿ʲôô¬ƴӺЦٻ÷ȴԷĻش
ٻ÷գգ۾Ц¬Ϊٻ÷ٻ÷Ϊһ
ã¬ƴӹһЦؿһٻ÷ʼղ⣬Ůʳ塣
ڶ⣬ʲô죿ٻ÷¬ƴӣ
¬ƴԱߵʼش˵һ¶΢Ц˿ڶ⣬ȴɫŹ
¬ƴüͷһ壬˼һ˼ʱ䣬ԶԶĳ֮ǰٻ÷żʼվ¬ƴӣȴ𰸡
ǡ·һ¬ƴӻڡ
ν⣿ٻ÷룬ʵ
¬ƴ̧ͷǿ֮ϣĬ˵̤ڣʶ죬··Բ˵
ν··˼··ǵΪ·ǷҲƿָ
ٻ÷˫۸ΪĿ֮ɫԽŨ
л¬ֽٻ÷˲١¬ִȥҴң֪Ҫȥδ
¬ƴߵԥһ£ȭǵ⣿
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ȥĪ޴½˽һ׮£Ҫһ¬ƴɫ糣ûźףԼûлشĻᡣ
֪¬ֿɷٻ÷ͬУٻ÷գգۣ
ٻ÷ͬУȻӭ֮¬ƴӹһЦ˵ͷ
ȥһ·¬ƴٻ÷̸ӡ֤ڱ˴ڵ˽⣬¶̸ͣ䡣
ʼվڼ֮⣬ʱĿ¬ƴٻ÷ϣ¶Ź֣ϲɫ̺
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ٻ÷뿪һ·˽̸֮ʱҲûʸ˽̸Ψǰ¬ƴӡ
ѹִ˼ʦҲп佱˵һˣҲԴעȷټӣ֮һ;֮ͣǺһ㣬Ϊߣȴǲˡ
ϧ֮ˣҲֹֻڵڶ⡣ٻ÷а̾
ٻ÷ҪѰǻʿЩѶȡ˽̸Уʱţ˵ǻ뵤ʿ
¬ƴûҲûҪԼ룬˵˳
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¹ϣɱ¬ĳһ֮˲࣬ʿһ¬ƴ̾ϧ֮ɫŨ
һлֻ¬ֵķʵҲ˵ٻ÷
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ƺĵҩ֮֮ǰѾгԣƾһſŵҩڵ޻ƺҩľ
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˿̵ϥҩԺУؾ̷Ƶ˵˽׵ҩ¶˼֮ɫ
ƺĵҩһ޻֤⾳򣬵ȴȫ棬Ҫǲȡ⾳Ҫϵ̷ҩɳɹ
ĬеҩȻɫһ̧ͷԶ
ˡ
ɫ糣ûа仯ջĿ⣬еҩ
ʱҩԺ֮Żƿ߽һһŮˡ꣬һۣòϣŭ˫Ŀǳ̺޾ɫ
ߵŮӣòףһѩдѾӨϣһɳ֮ɫ
˵ĵûԪʿκע⣬ƾճֵһڽҩԺӵ˲䣬Ŀϣͫ΢΢һ
Ų죬ÿһ£ֵ֮ϣ̺ĳֹȻȻľһѹ
ӹģǰٽ̶̵ʮУȻͬڸǣ˴أŴ˵ǰУͬɰ磬֮
ʼû̧ͷһһŮûйԪʿҵԼҩԺӣû⡣
ֻ˵һ֣һֳڵ˲䣬ӵĽŲȻһ٣֮ǰļʮ̤һɲǴʹ˷ֲ٣֮ͬǰһУֵһȫ
¬ƴɫʱأָоܵüΪ֮ǰȻɢΪ⾳׼ȷǰϣһٽĽŲ⾳ÿǰһһ⾳Ĺ
ǰУ⾳أգʹȫֱ۷壬򵥵ļʮ֮ͬǰƽİӽ١
ǻˣ⼸ʮԵԪһЩӡӶ
˿ԵֿҲȻ¶һ˿ۼԼ⾳֮ᣬ¬ƴӼΪţ˿̣ȴΪ֮ݣֻǰƽİһ仰һ֣
һֳڣ֮ǰһȫ߽⣬֮ǰԼһоٶȫá
Ϊβ̧ͷĿӵҩջأӣĿӶɲǡ
ҩԺںը죬Ӹ֮ʶ˺ɫ䡣
˺һɲǣɨ˺飬ת۾ʧãһ
¬ƴӶڵٸߣǼأȣ޵ֻأŰֻԲѭһǧԲתΪ֮
¬ƴӣʲôȣʲôʸȥȣ
Ȳˣ
ٻ÷ʼһֱ¬ƴͬΪ¬ƴӶڵ⣬壬ϧ֮ɫΪС̳֮Уڵ⣬ܳ¬ƴӣҲ¬ƴӱ߽ӵԭ
£ȴһ֣Ŀ¶δй֮ɫ
λ̨ѯɷ󡭡


1166 Ļ
ԪҩԺڵһĻûκιԪڵʿߣԷΪأе̤벽̷ƵˣٻҲҴ롣
˲ɱ˽ޣʿһ飬ڹԪڵӵУ棬η
¬ƴӴ˿ɫΪѿ֣ȴѣǰƽĿ£һ֮Уһ֮ԼĵƽİУͬӤˣˡ
ˮӶͷڳ¬ƴһδӵ˵֮ˣƺǰһжãԷһ̾ܳΪʵڡ
һƺأ˵֮С
ǵһ˼¬ƴи
ٻ÷Ļǡڴ˿ͶŵζĿ¬ƴƿٻ÷ϣ¬ƴ˿ڴ˺󼸲ɫ
ƽٻ÷ŮΪɲ⣬ʱȫֻǿòŮӣӵͨ
ѺˣĿʼƽȴһ
紵ʹٻ÷Ʒ˿ǰƮٻ÷˶֣
ڣٻ÷
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ٻ÷գգۣڿЦСŮҵЦݣǾޣ˿̣¬ƴɬȴǲ־ܿȴ޶ԡ
Ҫʧˣٻ÷ϵҩǰƷҪƷ֮ߵֻʮףҲ굤õļŵּҪǡٻ÷˵ţһץһѷ֣ڷɳһ裬ݸ֡
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ָоδй¬ƴ֮ǰشʱ˵ڴȴûΡ
ٻ÷ڶ⣬̧ͷεգɫ꣬һ죬ʵǵļޣڶ죬ʵģ⡭
һٻ÷˫۸Ϊ֣ĵһĲµͬУȻ֮ͬˣ
¬ƴӴ˿ѹҵֵĻȴһ£ˣΪԼ֮ǰصڶ⣬գûʸȥشԭ


1167 һЦ
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λ˵죬ڵأмḶֻ́ǣ꣬ô޹أأ飬Ҳ޹ءˮˣ
ˮˮˮֺȻҲҪع飬ΪѭѭҲڡ
ڤڤ֮У˹ڣΣȴÿһߣȻĸıһСգһӣȻ¡죬ȴǶʱˮ˷۶ƣƬ̺ˮ£ٴء
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֪ΪλˣջĿ⣬ٻ÷
ٻ÷ˮ֮ڣ˸ı䡣
ˮ̣ܶѭڣʶֺܳҵʿһܳڣʶֺ̡ܶ
ˮݵһҪεҪ˵ƿأһδεĸı併ٵλãԴĬĬʽԿˣ
ҵʿһ֮ˮ޷ģмˣˮһƴҲҪ˵ƿأƴҲҪİţƴҲҪĶԿ
ִһ˦պ¡죬ȴˮ𣬳֮УʹƱˮˮɢء
ıˮˣ㣬⡣ɶϲѻ÷ɶ޷֮У͸ı˷ɶˡһȻ㣬⣡ﷲԣֺ
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ն仰£ܶʱһƬ¬ƴ֣صĿ¶ӣòǰƽİӡ
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ٻ÷գ¶ãȻã̾һֵĿ⣬˺ܴĲͬ´֮Сķ˵ţһץӴѷóһöҩͳ
һö̺ʮ֮İƷҩҩķнܡԥһ£֣Сûһѯ
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Ϊ㣬ΪΪ죬ִ̣˵컯ֳ˵
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¬ƴӰ̾վӣһȭѣŵһҹԹʹƹᦣҪң
Ŀƽҡҡͷ
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ǣˣִⲻ¬ĳǣ¬ƴӱȭٻ÷һۣԷûԼһͬȥ뷨Ĳɿɬٻ÷һȭתȥ
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Զȥ¬ƴӣŵߣеĿɬԽŨͷŹԪڣ̾һٲͷȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãɢٻ÷վӣһۣתҩԺ֮ţҪ̤֮ʱŲһ٣һЦ
ǡһЦУ˫Ŀ
֣½Ͻʮһεķһȥ


1168 Žױ
½ڼԴڱڣ
ڣĵһڣʿڶ࣬ͨϹȻҲ٣ʶڴ½֮Ϊɾ
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ƺڣǵΪϡ٣ǺΨһЩʵΪǿɣӵС
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µķڣַҩ޼Ϊȫ棬Ϊʿṩ˽ΪĽԴԪĶһ¯ķȵȡ
޳սĶ֮ģȻΪ˹עģҷ
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ǿУ缲ۣһһŮеһ£ɫƽĿĮɽǰɫһ㣬֡
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ƺȫͼΪǸҪѼϣһ֤٣ղܻȫ档
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仰ҲûʲôƺڣΪԭʹʿʿ֮Ӵ治㣬ŽϵĴڣΪء
Ԫڵĵ伮ڣҲֻǼ򵥵һЩŽ֪һڡڵĴڣҲǵõ붾ӵļ󷽲֪Ͼ֪飬ȻȲס
ٻ÷ֿڣ룬ǻشֵ⡣
Žڹĸɣֱڡڡڡٻ÷ڵʵǿΪأڡٻ÷ԥһ£
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¹ϵش󣬻ĪҪ֪ˡ
ֳĬƬ̣˵ͷ˫ԶƺԴ͸ޣŽ򣬿ǱѹĿռѣ͸ȥһĪ򡭡
޳һ򡭡ٻ÷˵Ϊ棬ô򣬻


1169 ˭
Žڣÿ궼иʿɴǰԮԿ޳ò˶ãٻ÷Ҳȥġٻ÷ɫķ˿Ʈֲס˿չһЦ
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һ쵽ҪΪٻ÷ͱŶٻ÷գգ۾ЦЦݺʢбһˡ
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ڸ֮ȣǰĪҪǣҲĪҪǹԪڡ̷ƵǣŮƽʱﲻ࣬ȴȻĪ޴½ʹֳþסֻǶԷһƬƼվҲֻһ͡
˹Ԫڵ֮ͻ뿪µȥǡϵ֮ɢ֮ʱһߡٴȲϦˡ
ȥʱŮӰ̷ͬƵУĵͷ
һĻֿˣˣûлͷҲܻͷԶԶȥֻǣ߳Ī޴½ʱֵĻ㴵̷Ƶԣķ˿Ʈҡ
ġ
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ٻ÷ЦˣЦʱ˫һ㡣
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½ⱦڰ˲µӸӴȡ˽½֮󣬱򿪷ʹ˽롣
ƺ⻹ֵһοǣֻǰȴΪֻʿǺ𺳣ֵɫΪƽ
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ֻǣ˵ʵ㲻ʲô֮ؾһǣʦ֮Ҳǣ죬һԼǡ
˵ȸʥǰˡ
ⱦڵʿΪӵǵԵʣһЩֻǵĽУ΢
һʿʯ½ֵٻ÷ǰһӱʿЩʿΪʵдߣȻǿʿ
ⱦȻԿʿŻԴչʵְҡͷⱦڵоȻԿ㡣
ʯٻ÷½
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ıھ˲ܣȴǷ羰ѣһƬ̣䶼һɫгХʿ¶Ľ֮ɫ
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ٰ췻еĵص㣬½ĶΪ׳ۣһ׶ξʯƯڰգʯǽһǳء
հƬƬЩʯ֮ϣʹ֮ɾ
׶ξʯĴСͬЩǳҲдС
ЩƯڰյ׶ʯڶ࣬мһӴʯΪĻƣǾֹǻתƶ
ֻ֮صأȴǴһʯǳƮƮҡҲͰˣڶŵڶʯΧȥʱ͸Ʋ㣬ִԶ֡
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ⱦڵݳޣľֻΪ󷨵ĶʯʶֻǾ߱ΣûɾʵӹšⱦڣҲĲô񣬸˵Ԫˡٻ÷Ц
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ϵڣ񶼲ٿ飬ɴ˿ɼһߡ
ͬģƺ򣬻һ־ʯ־ʯΪ֮ΪԪͬʶʵҪ񣬲ɼͨɼҷҪһƺĵڶʿ˵ԪЧø
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ֻԪһǼΪϡ٣һǣڷ֮ɽ磬޷ȥáԪֻڰ˽ɣǱŽС
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ֻʮޱͲܴ࣬ﵽԪ޸ǺʶҲֻа˽ɣʵӵС
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ٻ÷һ̤ͬһ׶ʯ飬ϳǳڱǷУʱȻǳʿ٣һЩڽһЩʯԼڳ̯λ
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˵Уּۻ֮𣬿ƺ̫ʿڽףƷ伯С
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ʱȻԶһϲ
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ģʿǰһӿԼʮ꣬һòӢ޳˿¶ϲ첽ŵĶˣҲǿ֮ΪȻߡ
ٻ÷üһ壬漴չԭѡ
ٽһۣЦǰһĳһֱ˼ĳٻ÷˵ңȥڳһ𡣡ͣ
Ѻ죬Ա㡣ٻ÷ƽȴ͸䵭
ٻ÷㡭һǰҪ˵
أٻ÷֣Գ֮ƣٻ÷ٴüͷɫ͸ŭ;ѯ֮ˣֻشȴǲδٻ÷⡣
üһȻٻ÷ߵ֣˿ȥٻ÷򲻷
˭֣


1170 
ĮɨһۣΪڣò˵ӢüĿȴͬ飬ǾʿվλҲЩߡ
֮ǰ˵֮ʱȻɢһƣΧм䡣
ֻĿ⿴ȥɫ糣ûб仯⣬ʿȴͫȻ¶ɵ
ջĿ⣬ֿһۣߵԶϥص̯λǰּ۵ӣÿһЩʿҲ˴˵ص΢׷ɢλá
̯λߣɫƽƤһɨ֡
Ԫж٣ֺ˾䣬Ŀϥµһöϲɫɨ
ֻ࣬һöϷֻҪƷһŲҪƤ¶΢Ц
Ŀһ˫΢
һ£ְ죬¶ɲ֮ɫ
һץǰдѷ֣̽룬ȡһʿ˵Բôڽ׵ʱ򣬳Σǻѡ
Ĩȥʶһԣƽ˵Ƕ𡣡
һѽӹʶϸһɨĿһۣĬƬ̣վ̯λڣһȥ㡣˵꣬תҪ뿪ȴһ£ͷ֣һ˿
¹ϣϷŷ¡ѣħԵӣСĴ
ߴҴȥ˿ϵֵķһ㣬Ҳûȥʡ
ߵĴ˵޷񿴵ֻƬ̼䣬̯Ѹ뿪Խӽ
ԱΧסֵʿΪһЩ
ºôļӣ㻹δشĳĻĿһ
Ҵ˳˵ɫ糣ȴɭ䣬˶Уʱ¡һ
ɢҵľʿɫ̴䡣Ҳͫ͵һҪ˵
ʱֶˣһ磬˲Ϣʿԣʿһֱ裬˿Ѹ˺ǰһƣȻһƬʿǰʱһ޴ĳɫû⻨ʮɶߣһ죬ȴǳݣֱɶ
ɫ糣˷һ֮ȻʧӰǻ̿յɲǣֳʿ˫ָɽһ˴˺ġ
һ¡ʿɫ԰ףѪǰߵķһԶ棬һʿ̯λҷ
ʱҲǸʿ͵ȥһ֮±߰ѷɽûѸٳΪʵʣֱֺХ͵ػͷ˫Ŀ¶֮âĬһ֣

˫ĿȻһ䣬ȴĿһƬģĿ⼲ѵأȻͬĿֱͬӡʿ˫ڡ
ʿȻӲǰɽҲܿƣһƬãȻһʣԶҲѲǰִĻþȻֲ١
Ѫʿ˫Ŀͨ죬ͬ񣬱Լͷ­ҽһĻʱܹŷ׷׵
һм죬ǵʯȻʿûɱȻѾˡ
ٻ÷һУĿһοֱӳ֣ˮɾ䡣
ɫ԰ף˳ĬͬŵĲҽлصһ˺񡣾ʱתͷɫƽ֮ǰһĻ˵ֻ΢Ŀ͸ļ䣬𶯡
ֻȥһһ
¬ƴӽ֮Ϊã⾳ѹˣǰȴһ⾳ãֶڵ⣬ȴǺܿΪ֮ͨһ
˿һȥÿһ¾̤֮ϣһܣÿһһ̶̵ʮಽ룬ȴʹɫԽӲ԰ס
򲽲У޵ĸߴɽһ¡ѹ£ûкˣĶ֣ĵͺһȫ紵ͷ޷Զȴû֮ǰƮӢ
ߣĽŲȻںһ𣬲ֱ˴ˣȫܵ⾳ٿأǰҽ̧Ҫ£ȴδ̤أգܵ⾳ǣྐྵȻһ̱ӦȴȻֹ
ʱǰٶȻӿ죬ȴԼٶһ̤
顢顢飡
µɲǣֻоһش͵ؿڣһ£Ӿɫ˲䲡̬ĺһѪҲֿסֵ⾳ѹӲɵȥ
˳һٴ³Ѫ˺󼸲סӣɫˣһƬ԰סи¶֮ɫת۾ͳѪ˿
У˿̳õһĻĻһĻĻãͬʦ֮˷׷ײ֪Ǽ٣ȴֲõһĻĻͬ䣬ؿ֮УԽʵ
Ӿͷ­ȴûвҽУһֱѵʱԽԽ٣֮״ԽԽࡣ
ۿҪʧ֮У񲻶ϵ˺󣬲ȡ
ʦң
ɲǣһӰȻ˸ֱӳߣʳָüĺݺݵһ㣬һڴ֮ȴѪɢ˵˵ϻԹȥ
Ӱûͣ٣һ֮³һߣ編ƣʹһֱҽеʿԡ
Ӱصǰ¶Ӱһߣ˰׷Բԣһ˫ӥĿ
ң£ɫƽߡ
߲¶ϲŭְ죬һЦȭǹˣϷ³֮ǰ³çĪҪ⣬һͬҸطϷ
ֲɫһۣһ˵ͷȻ֮ǰһʱͿȺȿԼٻ÷ɡ
ǿ֮ʱ񾡹ɫ糣αװûԵͬŵĽţȴûص̫ãĲ
ҲͰˣͰìͷָԼΪôȴЩˡ
˶ߣټǰ̯ŷ¡ѣȻһƬԼħԵֻһνǾȥĪ޴½֮ʱȴǲ²⣬֪Է̽ԼΪΪ֮£ǡĴ½ϵ
Σ޵ǿΪʵչ¶һЩΪ壬ǿԵõأн̸ʸʯ䣬Ȼ˾飬ʶ־һ
һ䡰ѡиΪ
ٻ÷޵ʱϾݣûֵĶڶϹֶĥľ֮ǰδЩѲֱַ˵Ĵǰ˵е˶ߡ
ǡ֮ΪҪ£ٻ÷֣һ


1171 
½շиǳڣ¥ס֮һӦȫ޵߾ܿԱٹȣԲ̫ϢʵʳȴǻУҼǴɣҲѰҿջķ䡣
ʶĳǳڲȱ١
˿ڷгǳڵһջ㣬˵ȫټĵ㣬ֻ֡ٻ÷ˡ
֮һȻʦ壬һ˺࣬
ѣϷδҽܣϷħԵ΢Ц
ϷħԵࡣǺӣĿջһ
ΪڣȻǰδκд󣬶̸֮֮ͬǰĴ֪֮ǰľʱľ˿С֡
ٻ÷һԣоƱֻĿȴʱɨԶĽһ˵ӡ
Ȼ֪ٻ÷㷢ɫȻûб¶˼Ҳûж໰ֻעĿʾ⡣
֮£ĳ³çˣĪҪ⡣Ʊ֡
ɫ糣Ʊһʾ⣬ȴûȣǷ
֮ǰĳµἰͨˣһȻǷĳֽѡЦ
˵ħԵãҲ֮⡣ֲɫģŲŶԷԼǰΪҪѣ⡣
֮໥̸ʼû˵Ŀģֻڽ̸ад֣ͬʱмɵٻ÷Ĺϵ
ԱãϽ¶ͣƱ۵һϣ֣˵ѣĳ̸ϲƣհֻһ䣬ѿԸħԵΪ³ϣ
ͬ⣬ħԵӭ㲻ͬ⣬չҲʶұ޵һѣˣ
Ļ¶Ц˵ĳƹյ̸֮£ȴƢѣħԵг⣬Ϊ³ϣһӦһУħӵṩֻڸóʱάħԵϼɣ
ֳƬ̣˵ãɣ뿪½ǰ»
һЦͷӦˣϸһҵȾ
̸ȭǣٻ÷һͬȥ
һֱȥǺɫް㷽ֱˬӡ
Ϊܹ֣˵
ȷܹ֣Ϊ˽ɣǷǷָǺݶ
˿̽䴦˵ϣûһӰһ۵ӣɫ׾ɷǡ
վӣߵǰ¡
ҷֲûп֮ſջ⣬
ǿҲӦٻ÷и֪ԥһ£˵
ҡͷ
ǡǸôĿһ¶â
ǣûͲǡջĿ⣬üͷȴ
ΣˣҪȥˣһֺΣյĸоǵ֮£ħԵ˳ɣ£ǲ벻𡣡üģɫ¶ƣ
½ķиǳضУɢ࣬µļٻ÷ȥڷǻ
ٻ÷Цеͷ˱˿
ûٻ÷ߣ޹˼ɣһУѰҷͼߣڿջڣǽ˵ԣʿ
ȴɫû¶ߡ
Ĵ½Ѿ˿ְ̾Ϊץͼֻͼļ۸ߣѱ棬һй־һЩȴ޵ס
ڵ֮ʱֻص˾סĿջϥڴϣͼ˼
ʱɫ΢̧ͷš
Ƭ̺֮
ˡ¶΢ЦǰһӣǷŸ֨һ򿪣վһӣӻһľ
δǱȭǰʦŷ¡롣
ţӹõһ·˿ջ˻ֱ뿪˴˴ǳأ˿Ǻҹ½ķȴǸΪ֣У
Ƭ̺󣬶˾ڶ׶ʯм䣬Ӵޱȵľʯ֮ϣһ۳ǣΧǳصʮСҹеĴ˳Ǿͬһͷ޴ޣһּǿѹȡ
ӵ·£ֱŶȥвʿأҪ룬Ҫʾ
ע⵽óЩʿɫÿ·Ƕڲ鿴ɶ˽ȥ
ǳأʱ˴˳λãһµĸ¥ͣ£Ķ˵ǰݣ޷ڡ
ֵͷʶǰһɨ̤¥ڣһȥһˬʵĴЦȴŷ¡¥£һξֱȭ
õѶˣʵҪ̫࣬Ҫȫ׼ſɡŷ¡̬ȼΪ飬֮ǰˡ
ֱȭЦ޷Ȼףŷ¡֮ˣΪڷԼһٶħԵŷ¡
ѣϷȥطǵĽףһ֣ѲЩעԴӮһΡŷ¡ϴЦȴ˿Сǰ꣬ǰҵԼôĽ׵ӣȻǿԼݣһ£˵˲򵥣˵֮ڵһУһ
ŷˡֿһŷ¡߽¥ײʶȻɢŽһȴһɫȴǲ¶㡣
¥صȫпգȻͨһԲɵľ޴ƽ̨ƽ̨Χʯף˿ڶʿ֮һ޵ŭڡ
ȴƽ̨ͷɴСڱ˴ɱ
ƽ̨֮ϣһֱһͨգЩͨǰ˳ԲΣܻһŴ
ŷ¡֮һ֮ͨڡ
½Ķ֮أпеޣһѡŷ¡·УЦ
ֵ˵ͷû˵
߾죬˳ͨܿǰˣԶԶȥϥʿӵв׵Ϊм䣬һرյʯš
յĽףʦ֣һЩѲ룬һС͵˽иȤ֮Ҳ֣֮Ľ״ʦչŷ¡һ£ֵ֣
ѣһʼղ⣬ѽ󡣡
ŷ˵ֵͷ
֪ݣŷ¡֣˽ܵ˵ǰ֮˽ܵ£ȻԼ˽°̯֮٣Ҷ϶ԼиԪԼݡ
΢΢һЦ


1172 Ȧ
һֱҲû˵ԭ򣬶ԴǱܹ
Խˣŷ¡͸ΣԽǰƽİصɫʡ
ǿʣŷ¡Цҡͷ£Ǳȭѵѣ˴˽Ĺأڸòͷߡ˵꣬ͨͷʯŴ˼¡
Ƭ̺ʯһϳһȦȦƣڻһ룬ģŷ¡ͷһȭתǲӰʧ
һδڸòȻͲ»鷳߶̤֮벨ڣӰʧ
ǰһʱ˫Ŀӣһ֮һԼʮɴСķ䣬ⷿ治֪ԺƳɣȻһƬ͸Ŀ·ʯ̨ͷ֮
ɢķһЩΣǰһܡ߸ʿƽϣûڸòֽ˲䣬ǵĿ۶
ЩĿ罣Ϊϣʵʣɸмһڿʱһ㶣ܿͻָ糣Цʾ⡣
ǰ֮ˣһߣһͷԷۣ˫Ŀ΢΢պϣȴо۷¶ɨ֣ɫϣΪǴﵽڡŷ¡߶˵ʲô
ɫ糣˵Ŀעǰȥһԣݵȥ˫ĿһƬƽ֮ʱ֮ǰ京Цʾ֮һȭ
û뵽ٴο֣Ϊ죬ּȻܽȹģ˽ȴΪ߿
Ŀɨϵ˳Ȼŷ¡ʦĲԷ⣬Ϊڣ
ģһʿɫ𪣬ӣɫ¶ϲŭȥʱʿ΢΢һЦֵĿ¶һ˿Ȥ֮ɫ
һٸٸĶˣһ˿ĿΣɨ㲻ע⡣
Զһߣò죬ϳ˿ݣէһΪ£˫Ŀ¶ɭԼʳָϵĽָϵת
⣬Ҳֲɫһһȥ
಻Զһ۵ߣòݣ˫ԱӥצӤȭͷСӣֻҲڱ˴˻ƣʱһ𣬷졣
һˣһѩ׵ͷƤ£һֻĿɨȥʱ˫Ŀ磬ٴοһۡ
Ȼһֻʿҹ񼫸ߵС;ۻᣬܽʵϿɣڷħԵˣټϴ˴εĽϴҲѽ
Ǵ˿̽Ҳֻĩλ
ŷ¡ǲԷ˵껰ֱӣվһԡ
߸ɿһ˫ĿʿһɨɳƵصⷿڡ
Ϸӵ˽˾ۻᣬҲһЩʽѣȻҲλµѣ֮ϷͲ˵ˣϹأעͷ˵꣬ŷ¡ǰӴռóöһһ˰ڵˣһöǹĵݸǲԷߡ
ʶһɨ̾Ŀڹϰͷ޵ϡ
ȻһͷʨޣϷѹˣݵ߹һЦʶиĶһֱ֮ŷ¡ȥ
ֲɫʶһͷͷɨ޵֪ߣǹԪڵһЩ¼ͲڵޣǹԪûм¼ߡ
鿴֮ʱ֪ϣջۿ༸˶Ѿ׳ѡһΪƵޣ˰ٿĶע򽻸ŷ¡
ǲԷ΢΢һЦ˵յҪҵ˭ԻʤԺд𰸣ϷҲøλѹۿһ£иȤߣǮ˵ţһӣ̾ɳƯ
Ʒеһһѷɽ˽ͨ徧ӨˣڸһѪ˿ʹɽƾնһɷ
ڶƷһöмףɢɣϢƺµ㡣
Ʒһҩ˵ͨڣûаҩ㣬һɿµĲʹĿ϶ͣƬ̡
һΪѪ˽Ϸɱ˽ǧͷ˽ޣȡѪҺɣڽ֮ʱұǰ⣬ڵһѪߣ̺涾˽ˣ𣬾ԪҲжήҡ
ұǰ⣿ٸһ٣Ѫͷ֣ϸĿ˼ۺٸ֣ɽص˰ա
ڶϼ¼һֻͨΪƣ޷ǿϧҪλѵˡλҪȡ֪ϷĹأֻҪ񣡡Է˵꣬Цˡ
Ƶû⣬˷׷һһȥѪٸߣĻ˲ӣ˲֪
Ƭʽɫ糣һӣƬУʶɢصȴͨǲɫĴƬĲʡ
Ƭͷϸȴֲƣɵó
ʿźɫҩڱǼţ¶ԥ֮ɫԷߣ˵
ӣ˵ҳ񣡡
ҡͷ˵ٱ
һʿĿһǵҩ⼸˶Ϲ֣ϲŭɫĿ⿴ȥ˺ѿɫĶߡ
ʿĬ꣬ȻһЦ۸񣬵ҲȷԼĲ²⣬˵Ͱⵤҩ˻ӵ˵ͷ
ӺЦĿϣЦѿǿ˴
̧ͷ¶ԥ룬˵Ҫ֮ãֻϲϡ֮ҳһ񡣡
һһ֣ЦԭҲûҪ뿴λܷϳǺȻϲǡ
ֱȭлƬ
Ϸ֮ǰۣû뵽˵ǿвʿĻԪһǲ㡣Բߣڡ
˵ţһӣƷɳƮ˰ա
һɫëһͷ­Сݣһ޻꣬˻ӳΣӻҪ
ƷһóȻ䷿һƬĬеĿȫȥֶǳɫëȴһ𣬵εļã¶㡣
һƵȸ֮𣬾ѱ٣ϵĻԪȴǺŨڶͲϷ˵ˣ뻯ʮ֮ꡣϷûôأҪȡʲôɣֻҪϷĶ˵꣬ˣ
ϧֻǰ뻯ޡϧڵޣҡͷ̾
ĻޣϷһ


1173 
΢΢һЦû˵κϲŭ
ݵĺóƷ˵Ĺעİ̾ʮ׵ҲжģļֵȻƣ뻯ԭ򣬼ֵǱ
һ̸Ȼ
ֻʼûеͷȴʿü
ӶݣĿ¶֮ջĿ⣬Ǻߴһɫһ˱仯˼Ƭ̣΢΢ҡͷ
̾˿ڿۡ
ʱʼղκαﶯĵһӣһöǺߣһѽӹʶһɨȴ˫͵һ˫Ŀ˺ܾãһֱûеͷ
ټһͼͼѼ˺ܾã˵ȫ棬ɵڣϸмĴ½ֻһ֪ɳƣڡ
ͼϷҪټһ񣡡˫ۣն
üͷ˵ûУֻͼһڵ޻꣬ڴΪĶĻȡ֮Ҳ㹻ԷȻǲͬ⡣
Ŀ΢һ˼ͼҪˣһ񡣡
ĿһۣһͷóһöӸ֡
˴˽ְ꣬պá
ߵĽףҲ˳ɣ¶΢Цֵ˵ͷ
һ΢΢˴˵Ϲֵע⣬һ࣬ȴҲ𾪣ʶɨһۺ󣬱Ŀë֮ϡ
ȸʱȫ֮ȫȼëȻƷϷǧ񡣡ݵָϵĽָڡ
ǧ񡣡΢΢һЦ
ëҲƯǧˡ޵ٸЦǶ
һ񡣡ɫƽĿëջأڡëڱصã
ٴ˵һһξʿҲĿ¶һ˿ȣϸĴּۡ
ٸҲĿһλСŶëȷƯֿЩ᲻á
Ͽݵ߿һۣƤЦⲻЦ˵һǧ񡣡
಻ɫڣһǧ񡣡˵֣꣬ԭҪëֳۺȴһҪ֪˵ж񣬴˿֮ǰջѲҪֵĻȻˡ
ٸЦȴë˺ߴһ
Ǻ߿ٸһۣ˵ȻôλͲ谵Ϸ򱨼ˣ۸ߵá
񡣡ٸҲŭ˼۸
ɫƽĬƬ̣򡣡
һ̰ٸٴο֣ɫأ֮ܳˣΪûеҲȻм˵ܽӵ˽˾ۻᣬȻǵУֻΪ
꣬ٸҡͷٱۡ
ݵߣҲ֣Ƭ̺ҡͷûмȥҪ֮ˣȻѱ˴ˡ
ʿֵĿ⣬Ȥ֮ɫŨָոսʱ֣ԼЩʿȻɫƽûа㲻ʡ
ľʿ͵ľʿᱦ
һ㣬˵һ⣬˶Ȼݵĵʸ
ǻ޻ͫһϣĳ
ʼպЦǰһУӵд˿֣Ǹŷ¡Ķǧ֤˵ϡ
߹һЦҪ˵ʱЦǧѣϷҪǴϷдá
򡣡üͷ
ǧ񡣡ЦɣҪǰ֮ˣ׸ǲ
򣡡ɫ䡣
ǧ񣡡ȻЦϷˣ֮⣬˶ǻǧõϹ֣һ۾Ϳ˳
ٸüͷһ壬ϹҲüͷΪ˽ףֹĵѣг϶ǼΪ
Ҳ¶Щá
ѿҪˡֲŭЦĿһۡ
²Ҫˡ˵꣬Ա˫ۣڸеɱ
ĿһЦˡ˵ţһץȡë߽һ
ĴĽ׽ƽȫó˽֮ﻻһЩҲó˼
ʱⳡ׾ۻһһȥǶ޵ĶעҪȵȲд𰸣Ҳһʱ
˵١ǰȻ΢Цɨһۣת߳䡣
˿̷ֻʣӶˣŷ¡ͬϹһͬȥ
ҲǵһαϷ룬û뵽˾ˣϷûԣպѴһЩ鷳ҡͷƺ෽ŵĶǲϲһ㡣
޷ɫƽ
ӳ˵ɣʱȲҪ뿪ǣ֮Ϸ뼸£˳뿪ϷڣҲҶ⡣
ֻشһ࣬ҪȡǧԪ¿棿
ֵ˵ͷû˵
һץǰһѷ죬óһӸ֣ĿĶ֣˿ĵ˼
ֽӹʶһɨȷǧԪԪƺڼΪϡ٣ǧԪ˵һӴĿȴǲ֪ӣŪ
ִ򿪴ѷ죬ó׼õ˦˲ӣӽӹһĿ¶֮â¶΢Ц
ǻԪ֪ɻУֿӡ
ԪϷҲżȻһżڵõֻо»ʣֻǻдáܡ
ֲٷϻǡ
ǲȥЦҲӵԪɲô֮
߳˷ɫ糣ȴߡȻͲ֮±֪ÿ˶ԼܣǲӣֻǱ֮ˣȴӵôԪ
뵽ԪȻĶ˳ͨԶԶȥ
ǲӶȻҲŴȴֵ֪Ĵ࣡ǧԪǲǱҪ޿ԽԻҳɹɽ磬ͱӵ㹻Ԫ
ͨ;ŷ¡ŷ¡·£ֻصǸ¥ŷ¡ȭǣ߳˸¥˿ɫ֮ҲƽϢ
ⰲĽֵ߳ͣӣתͷֻһƬƻصȴǻ޻߳Ŀһۣһӣӳһö
֮ǰͼ٣ͼ棡С࣡˵֣꣬Ӱʧ
ʶһɨ봢תʱȴ¶䡣
ǿΪһζͷβҪطãԷУһҲԴһ˵Ĳɣ࡭ȻҾͳȫ㣡ЦһΣֱ뿪ǳأǳķУֱһƬԭȥ
뿪ãһХȴ༲ֱۣ׷ȥ
ӿȥ˷ڶй֪ȥԭĴͨʿע
ϧˡڣ¶пҡҡͷ


1174 
һĴͨʿȥ󣬳ΪԭΪмĹ
ϾħԵĳϣ
ȥȻڶϹһЩµ˴ȥԭ֮Ķע⡣Уϥ֮ǰ׵ķڣһöɫ粻
˷ȥ˶񣬶ȻԳɹҪϸڰмƻһͻȻ͵̧ͷĿԴ͸ֱⷿӿ磬˻Զȥࡣ
Ϊܴﵽ̰ȴǲûм٣ԽԽ࣬ǴıʵȴһԴ֮Ϸۻᣬ֮ǰħԵӺ֮飬뿴ܷ֮ˣ׷ӺƶȥӺƱɣˣôҲǽһȻԪڱС¶ɭ֮Цʶ磬ֱȥֿй۲졣
һ¥Ĳ㣬һһŮʿһٷ磬ŮٸһԵΪ
ͬʱ̧ͷԶٸ̾ҡͷСһﻹ޵ʱ̫̣ױ¶˱ΪԼɱ֮ϧˡ
ʿƬ̣Ŀ¶֮âЦҿδأСһΪܱȲ࣬Ȼ֪ڲ࣬߳ǣȻֲŶԡ
ŶСŮӿɲҹͬСһӦľ£ʶҪǰ뿪ȴû뵽ྐྵȻݵ׷ȥٸЦʿ
Σ֪ʿ΢΢һЦʶȻɢֱȥ
ǽֵϣһݵ߱˫֣ߣܵһŽ¶׷֮ɫΪп
ǲӼ룬ԶҲ̤½̾ɫһ͵̧ͷԶĿһ
һԴСǿĿŵɱ˶ᱦ߹һЦһΣֱһ֮ϥʶȻɢ
ΧһֳǿջڣһµĿߣлԲվڷĴԣŽգʶȻɢԶ
ȵǡϧ
Щһͬ˲ӾۻϹ֣˰ʿ⣬˾϶˴˷ֱɣǰʿҲֻлɣʵϣҲ֪ʿʿǰû
ǣ˿ڻһЩʿҲȥʶ棬о
ϥڷڣӴ͵˫ۣȴüͷԥһ£̾ȴûȥֹ
˵ҪȥǸˣడ࣬ΪҪˡ
ڷУһԣһƱպһڣȴ͵̧ͷĿ¶âԶ
࣬³çһԥһΣֱԶ
ɵĴͨʿԭûɢʶȴǲڣȻһ˶Ϲɢʶ֮·׷׹
һ̣½ӿһֻȥûԤϵ飬ʹ𾪣һԶҲ޷ǵ֣ԽԽߵ̤۷壬ճΪӵĴڣ½һսǴƺݺᣬչΪĵһս
ٻ÷ûķУһƵɽ嶥ϥɽܴ󣬴㷢裬˫¶֮âĬĬ
磬ֱƽԭۣһ߿գԸٶȽ׷ᡣ
һǰһȴԽԽ
Ƭ̼䣬Զ˵ٶȣȻıԵһƬͷʯƽԭȴǼõɱ֮ء
һսֲҪʤҪʤĸɾ䣬ҪʤһҪ죡ΨſĿģʿ֪֣ǣ
ˣҲֳֵȫֶΣҪɱ࣬ҪħԵ֮ˣҳ֣Ҹ𣡸Ҫ£Ҫأû˽Ž֮ǰлЩǣŴٻ÷˽˾ŽֵĹȻ
˫Ȼһ٣תӣɨ¶Ӱ࣡ɱ¶˿ûΣֲӶݺ˵̧ǰһӶȥּȫû˿֡
ڵΪתȻһ˲ǰһ޴ɽûһ֮£ɽ¡¡ֱײȥ
СĪϷĺݣħԵӣҪñɱ׼ϷջȡԪ
ɫ䣬ǰХɽ壬ٽ岻ɵɲǣ̧ǰֱһȭһ죬ȭɽһ
֮춯أɽ徹Ȼ˲ջ֣ҡͷ̫
һ£ɫ˱仯˼˫̾һһ׵ûֱʣγɷ籩Х籩໥ײȻһɫС
֮ͺ˫ǰ͵һƣȻ̷ʹǣԲԪӿڣʹǵأֽ١
˿𶯣ղһȭɽһĻĻʼлصһץѷ֣Ҫó
һɲǣ˫͵һ¶캮ɱȵģһ̣
࣬ڣˣ纮紵صܣоȻһ
ʱǰһȥ̧ǰһģһ֮£Ȼ䷽ԲԪʱͻͬʱ˫ָѸֱϵһ£
Ȼ䷽ԲԪĺХĲٿأòԪָ⣬֣̻һ޷ľ֮¡ֱжȥ
ͨѸٽӽת۾һγ˾֮صС½ֵûͣ٣ٴεֱ
ڶµɲǣ̷ԲʮԪγɸΪǿĳʩչ֮ͨڡ
ûнջأһץٴ£γ˵ָ
һΣ½Ԫڣǵ֣γһɻֱ֮С
вƬ̼ͺȻγһɳܷɨϵʯʹܶʱʯЩʯڳ鱬ĩء
ûбֶɱһʿοڱںϣ֮ǿ޷󣬸й֮壬ɱ
ָ䣬һģ緭ֱ࣬ͫΣ˲ȫûʱȥڣ䴢ռ̾ͷɳڶ෨ͼǰֹ
ֵͨѧ³ӣûеõ裬³ӵΪ֮ͨǿɵۿҲἫΪѧ֮෨Եֿ
࣬ûǸʸҲӵʸ
֮صأóȫһɫӡֱؿڣƬƬɢһѪӵˣɫ԰ף¶֮ɫ𾪡
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ֱ࣬ͣ˫ۣٴ̧иֳ֮ɽǾ޴ӡӡԺڲϵطŴȡȫ
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֮أǱʩչĪ
ȥ֮أӡݻɵ۶ڰ˲㣬ʹľ
ʯӻƺϵʿٴʩչɱ飬أһ̣֪˴֮
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ۡӡŽӡһɴδйľɲȫӡѹ£ʿҲһرԼ֮ĴΪ𺳵ģǴ˵жڵӡȻԼǰ
ⲻһӡڣ
һĺˣѪɫ˫ͫ¶Ŀ־糱ˮû񣬴˿̵˲ˣҪΨһͷǷӶݣӲͫУӡϵɢռ˫۵ȫ
˲䣬ӡ࣬һ죬ضһѪʹ˱
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˲䣬һ֮ǰ򿪴ѷ֮أһֱһжǼ̵ʱ䣬˵˲ɱȴ˸ɾ䡣
Ĵѷ죬ûüرգ˿ӡʧȥڷɿɢȴɢɲǣȥݺݵһץഢѷһУߡ뵽ģõʿѷ챦ķ
ڶԷ򿪴ѷһɲǣɱеʯʱ䣬ȡöԷ֮
˿̣ӡûɢһָΪƣֱǰɨһ·񣬴ž춯صĺ¡֮Ŵضȥ𶯣½ڲر𣬻ӡХߡ
ӡϵǰУ޾֮ӿߵӡǰʹƲ㵹˺ѣѸɢлѵѷ졣
֮羪ף½ƺ֤ӡ֣
ӡԽԽ죬յԪҲԽԽ࣬Ƭ̼ѳֵƿأջʶӡǰС
ĲԽԽңȴӡ֮ٴﵽ˲˼飬֮ٶ˿һʿתۼֱƯڶ׶ʯ鷻жȥ
һĻ̫ˣʹ½ʿȫΪ֮𾪣ۿԶӡŭ׷״һڷֳ
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ӡһ·֮ϣȴⷻҲʮദ׶ʯȫȻӡǽмʯ黮ʹʯһб
춯֮һȡصһУӡ͸УֱؿնȥһĻͬУ
һ죡ƿ½ϵ㣬ֱӳǿ֮УǿڵĴ׷׹ӡڣʹӡԽԽǱ
ⲻԶһĴ½˴½ǱڵĽ֮κʿ̤벽˿̣ӡǰеķȴĴ½
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ԶħԵʿһУ¶֮ɫ֣һ̣Ȼ籩
⡭ӡ˵ݡɫ԰ף֮˿Ϊิ뷨
ͬһʱ䣬½ϵʿˣЩʶƣĿһеĴͨϹ֣һľ
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¥ڵİʿٸҲڷӡɨ֮ʱ뿪˾¥ǰһƬ棬Уһ
ٸѪɫ˫ͫȻ𶯣Ƭ˵֮ǰƺΪСһʿ˿Ѿ޷ĺ⡣
նɱ࣬ʩչӡˡ˾ǣ
İʿ˫Ŀȴâֻ𺳣ȴǹâ޷ڸǡ
Զݵߣ˴ԭأڷŷһУһֱڻЩš
û뵽Ȼ֮ˡӡ̫£
ΪҵģҪǺ¿ߣеԲ˿ֹͣתɫ԰ף亹Ӷͷڳ˿
ҿг֣ĻϷӣˣħԵڲԶ
ͼ˫Ŀ˸üͷѹе𾪣ӡķз棬֪Щʲô
ֵģ˫棬ľٴ֣ȻݣôʱɱʿߣκһʿἫΪ־塣
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ɫƽϵµʯңǰȥǰԶ֮ǰջӰѪɫӡ
㣬ˡ


1175 
ɫ԰ף¶ɬŽ֣ĬƬ̣ȭħԵѡ
û˵ֻǰӣΪﵽڣһֱҪ֪Լ뱾ܷһս
ɫ࣬̾һٴαȭ˵ǰѱħԵһУħԵûа˲֪ôڸ£֮ˣ
ֻû˵Ŀɱ䡣ԽˣԽһ˵ݣ£һɣ΢
ӿЦҧ̧֮һץǰдѷ֣ڷɳһƿƿҩһƿ
ȫ߽굤ʮ
Ŀɱ䡣
ӳĬƬ̣ٴ֣óһҩƿ
ھ˽굤
ð֮£Բ׷ħԵðȴǲƽһɢ˵
ϣѰʿӵУΪһ֮һǼΪǿ֮֮ӵС
Ϊȸʥʥ𣬴˿̲⣬ֻȸʥڵһĻĻȻȻչ¶ϡ
ЦٴδӴѷó赤ҩ֣ɬ˵ʮ׵ҩѾóļˡ
໨񣬵ңһƽڡ
û˵ֱӴӴѷóһ
Ǵִ֮һ˦֮ӵ˵ͷ߹һֱжȥ
һֱ뿪ɫѿ֮ŭ졣
࣬Ϸ֮ǰ㲻ҪȥǴˣƫ๼ҪħԵ˾Ȼˣ
һɽ嶥ٻ÷¶֮âĬã૵ڣѾкܶû߳ŽˣʩչӡһͨߣڼΪĵĵӣǴ֮ǰǵһƣЩ죬֪ʲô֮ͨȻԵĲٿԪ¶ụ֮̄
ٶȲ죬绮գصңңһ۾Ϳ˰߳ΪһƯڰʿ
ֵĵЩʿһɫӣ׷ÿ·ֵĿ⣬Ҳžη֮ɫܵʿȻΪ֮ǰһУ𶯡
Ǿ޴ӡƺ򣬼֪ӡñϣ֪ڵĵһͨӡ
ߣڿӡҲ˿ٻɡ
½ϵʿɵĳϷ׷ֱ߳ȭʾ⣬ǲҲԶԶֺ¶΢Цڸе𺳣Ҫ̸
һУɫƽߣȭһ͸Ⱥصջ֮ڡ磬ǿΪչ¶˿ɱʿΪ¶ӡڣȻ˸ǡ
ǱڣҲ˿׷ȥ֮
ص˿ջڣ˴սջ񣬳ս֮⣬ĴռҲвƷ
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ȸξѣʵϧֻһëЩһӣë̻һŻ棬ǻ״ȸзɳ⣬Ϊ죬ۣʧ
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ٵҲͰˣʧһЩһ棬ô֮ãȴκһʿɶ顣
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ֵͷ˺һۣг
ΪȵزȻͨµ˵޷
֪ŵȸ֮𣬴Ӻδźߣڡ
⡭ԥһ£꣬˵ǶĳһĴ½ãĴ½˲֪ĳҲżȻ䷢֡޴óͨΣգʶδ롣˵ţóһöʶڿ̻һݸ֡
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ֽӹʶһɨһȭ̸ֽƬ̣ˡ
µ죬ɢҪͼ֮£ڶʱ˰չʱ䣬еͼ㱻˼ȫߡ
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ѶͼˣϷѰЩֻͼ̫࣬治֪ж棬Ҫϸϡ
ӹ¶΢ЦȭлӵѣҲʡȥĳۡ
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Ųӣҡͷӵлֱ˵
һϷ֪һ֮أõѸȤ֮һ˵ţһ߲鿴ɫûа仯ִӻóһöĵݸ֡
ֽӹûв鿴ЦЦŲӡ
ӸɿһϷ򳤻˵ҼѻȡԪҪҳɹϷһԪΪл
ֲɫʶһɨ˫Ŀ΢΢պϣһƬҲżִ𸴡
ҪԪһȸƬ̺˫ۣƽ˵
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ӱȭ뿪ֵ߳ķЦ
ȱԪݼΪɣȲʵҲͰˣֻҪܽΪʱѹеļΪ£Ѿ׼˽ǧ꣡


1176 ڽ
бӡƻĲ̶̵֣ھͱʿķʯܿ²һ
̶̵죬ʿķѵʯﵽһߵĳ̶ȣῪʼʱȻָ
ᣬ䷻ΪҪ飬ƷǼֵ󣬺ܶͨϹ֮ԻʵҲΪ
֮أмĹ㳡֮ϣ˿Բ룬ΨЩӵ֮ɽ˵ء
ڷԲǧ⣬дıʿƣֹ˽롣
ļʼڵĸڴͨϹַ׷ǰڲҲЩȤʶ˿ɫƽֱǶȥ
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ֵĵ̾ٸʿע⣬һȭʾ⣬һЩֱǰ̸ЩˣֺǴݵӦĿȺɨȥԶٻ÷
ֵĿ⣬ٻ÷Ц˫Ŀǳ
̤㳡Ƭ̺󣬾һ۵ߴĸʿǰԶ֣ͱȭˬʵЦ֮أʵұڵҡ
ʶ⼸ǰȥסջݷУ˱֮һűڡ
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˵ǲˣұûκι㲻ǣƾɱ֮£Ҳʹô˻𾴡̸Ц̸ֽƬ̺󣬿˿ɫЦѣҪʼҪó֮Ҫץʱ䡣
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ŶóֵķȻѰ¶Ȥ֮ɫ
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߸ɿһϷȰƷĳѷľǡ˵ţȭȥ
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ʮ޴ʯɸ߶ʱŻͣ£Щʯϱйâơ
ͬʱʮʯ棬س𶯣ȴʮСһЩʯƿڰʮɵĸ߶ʱͣ
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ʿ󲿶ǵһβһвûоȣɢΪݣֱϥһʯϡ
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ܣͬǰʯϵʿϹ֣о󲿷ֶʶ󲿷ʿȴһӰ棬ڵʯٻ÷գգۣߡ
Ҫˡºٻ÷
ϥλãֵĲ෽˿з紵ʹٻ÷˿ƮҡмֵϣϴֵıǼ䡣
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֮ͻȥٻ÷ĿԶգ֪Щʲô
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áֵ˵ͷʼûȥٻ÷һۡ
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ֳĬû˵
ȥڣһͬԿ޵룿ٻ÷Ƕһֶߡ
ֻǳĬ
ٻ÷תͷԶ̾һ
˿̣ǵڶƷҲȥڵó˵ƷһɽֻнӺζ档
뿪ô죬ЩҪȷֻʦѶѷͻȻŽɸڵӣҪĸȥԮһȥ֪ʱܻٻ÷Ĭã˵
һ·ƽֻڡ
֮ǰ֮սûг֣Ϊٻ÷ԥһ£ȴִϡ
סƽ˵
ٻ÷֣֮ô
ûлش𣬶ǿűĽᣬʿ½ĳ۸꣬ܡ
ͼҪˡ
һ֮ǰļ߷׷ֹͣǿһۺ󣬲ٽмۡ˸й飬ѱ֪̰֮⣬һԭ򣬾ɷ̧
һץǱȡ˻ᣬд򿪣һۺ𣬵һתͷٻ÷ȻĶ˫
㣡ֵݹᡣ
ٻ÷Ĭ¶΢Цӹ˻ᣬ´վӣҵѰ֮ˣת롣
˵꣬ٲȥ֣趯֮Ʈһͷڷ˲ϢΪ˾޵ɫʿĿУȥˡ
Уʼǻᡣ
ڽô


1177 ħ
ڽǵġûȥٻ÷ȥͬŮӣûĶģѾˣ֮ϵŭ뱯ߵźģѾ˺ѣ˺üóԹӤһ˲䡣
ĭڽ
ֲͬУ̬׷ͬҲֲͬѡһŮԣ֮ĽҪҪ㣬涼ҪܶŮˣܶࡣ
ĺӷüľü̷ֻƣһЩżȴߡ
ЩŮӣ̣߽еģҲֻĽüһ֮ˣľ䣬ʹһΪɱ¾ħͷ˫Ѫܣкܶڼħͷ֮ˣȣҲҪ硣
У˵УҲֻʱδ޵ʱ¶һ죬Լƿɾ٣½磬нԣԼһͬڸĸ飬һֱϡ
ټҵľָ֮һΣ䣬ʹ޵޵¼޵ߣΨһǿ֣
Ľĸ飬ֲ֪飬һֱĽȥǧµ£ڹ¶һİʱãȻ벻ò޵·;Уϵ׷䡭أˡ
Ľַʽǧ׷У߽
һŮˣüҲֵ߽ֻ·;ȴĽȻͬʹʹףüӮˣֻӮȥϣĴ͸һ˿ڣ˺Ѫ⣬ؽȥ
ֵģˣ˺˿ѾˡΨУڽ
ٻ÷ȥɢһͷݣȫ¶˳ƺһͷߣΨٻ÷
Բôˡ
Žڵ֮Ůٻ÷ͬһʯ֮ϣǱᣬһĻʿС
ٻ÷ķʽΪ˵ݣ˴𰸡
ڼʿֵĿ⣬ȴ֮ͬǰ˵ݣ֮кܶˣȫȷɻУ¶ߡ
˿̣ɻ󣬱ٻ÷ȥɢ˴롣
ҪģһɽʯǸߣɨһۣһ϶һ
һɽʯ϶ֻʣµĲкò
ɽʯֺƻصһɱ֮УɽʯҲʱģºֻ۳ЩΪռһķ
һǧ񣡡ܵʿڶݵİ󣬴Ⱥڴһ
ǧ񣡡ʶǰʿ
һ񣡡ǰʯУŵĳϣƽĿڡ
˽мۣɽʯгһٲִͨʿ⣬߿ΪһĲֵ֮ǰǱڲʿ̸óʱѾʿĿӡ
ɽʯ˶ֵ֪ġ
һֽãǴ˵ʿ顣ƺһѾˡ
ɫ糣ǰһָһƷɳɽʯк֮ϣɽʯвƻصƬ̼䲨ɢһɲɣϢȻɽʯɢܡ
ɣϢ̺µĺۼ˲Ϣʹʿһ
ЩϹֻһЩǾʿһĿ⾼ɽʯ˼
ɽ꣡ʶٸоȣϸĿɽʯһۣҡͷϧѾˡ
ⲻͨɽʯĪɽ֮ɽ
񣡡ǰʿƽĿڡ
ﾡܶҵʿãеСʿȴǿԽ˸һϵͨҪǣпܣǴɽɴˣǵŵĳϳƬ̣ڣ񡣡
񣡡ԶԶشһȴŷ¡ϥں󷽵ʯϡ
һǧԪǵŵĳϳ
һƬ˾ۣմųߡ
ɽʯܲȴûҲֻǵһƷ𾪣ȴǼ֣û뵽
һףǱڵɻ뼤һӣǰһźƣһģ֮
ֵɲǣʿ̾һЩɫ΢䣬ȥоݵԼʿˡ
Ѵ򿪽ƣϸۿһȭȴҲ˴֡
ߵɫֺΪ⣬̧ǰһָƷɳں֮ϣȻʹڣҵӿϵķӡƲɢճ׵ʧʹǺģǼٵۣһڵף¶ħ
ħŨɫ䣬гһ޴Уͨڣת
ױ˷ӡһɲǣȻ䰲һʿ˫Ŀ͵ǰʯϵϹ֣Ҳһ֮˫۱ľ⣡
һЩʿԾ͵վӣ¶޷֮ɫ
ħףݵߵ˵
ħף
Ȼħף
˵Ψ֮˲ſӵеħף˼ħŨƷħף֮أ׵ĳ̷֣
֮صʿǼʶ֮Ϊǿ˿̣֮о󲿷ʿĶȴǺȻһУֻΪһħף
ѣҪǵŵĳվӣֱȭ
£̰˵Ŀ⣬˲ϡ
ɫݣɢħһۣû뵽ﾹȻҲڳϹϵƺڣ˺ŨȤ
ֻҪԪƽڡ
ãϷԸóǧԪ´ǵŵĳն
ǧԪ֮ǰֽͼɢħ֮ףĿ¶֮âڡ
λҪ´ΪоڵͨƺΨӵУ⴫ڱصãҳǧԪʿ
һԪǵŵĳԥһ£ҧ˵ǵŵԪ࣬һѾܳļˡ
˼һ̶ֳܱ֮ȵĽѾ˵ȿԲ룬ʱһֵ촫
߽ڣһǧԪʿĿ⿴ȥȴһµ꣬һӣ˼۸
ŵĳף̾һٽмۣ֮Ҳ׷׳Ĭ۸ѾǼˣûôԪ
һǧԪŷ¡һ˿۸񣬼Ҳɵ𶯡
һǧԪǻüͷ
Ԫŷ¡ҧ
ǧԪк˸
Ԫŷ¡ͷڳˮ
ڣ˶Ԫǻ͵վӣŷ¡ɱȴϳŷ¡ݡ


1178 ʸ
ԪϷ˽֮ĪǻҪڻ㱨ɣϵԶһٽŷ¡ߣӡ
ǻߣڵǧԪ
򣡡ɫ糣ΪƽԪ˵ʵ΢ⷴһĻ̱ʿ⣬ӵĿ⣬̺𾪡
ΪڵĴϣǱҲڶĵϵӣ뱦Կȴǵ͵һӰչ񣬲ӵдԪĹ֮£ûѯʡ
Ԫ궢Ųӣҧ
Цں¶дԪ֮£˲ɣϽע⣬Ҳ⣬֮ͻ뿪ҲصοһȥռһɹͻΪк£
򣡡ӱ˫֣ƽĿڡ
㣡ǻ֮Ҫۡ
򣡡Ż꣬ȻЦ˲߽࣬·;ңԶȥʱһ·ҪСġ
˲Ϣ伫Ϊ˵Ŀⶼ˲ϣв߽֮ˣ飬Ϊ
ӵʲôƣȻˣ
ǻŲӣ֮һתХȥԶԶʧߡ
ɫ糣һȭ˦һһץУϸĿһۺ¶΢Ц
ѣҲڴڣһԪǣ߰ɣ
ֽӹʶһɨɫΪǸǸ֮ˡ
ٸߣҲȲӣӶһӣ
һͷǰһֱʣӹһЦֱǰжߣһͬ磬Ƭ̼ʧԶ
ⳡµĳ֣Ҳû˼ȥ׷ȥ
½ٶȼ죬ڼۣʱȻһƵ촫صڡ
Զӿȴһͷٻ÷ڻ֣߳¶Ц
ֽŲһ٣ĬƬ̣ԵĲӻڣӵУԺȥ
΢΢һЦóһöݸ֣ЦԺͼ֮أϷ뼸һͬǰѣȺ򡣡
˵꣬ɨٻ÷һۣһȭ۶ߣʧǰڣ˿ֻ᲻ȥ
㲻ôΪֻٻ÷Ĭ죬ƽ˵
ѾˣɺȻ뵽˵Ҫҡٻ÷գգۣ
üͷ˵ҾˡΪҲ̫ΣգҪһЩ
˭֪أһߣ֮ˡһεңʦƺЩءٻ÷ҡͷ
ֳĬ
û˵ӣٻ÷ü֣̾һ
ǲоǹأ֮ǰͬȥٻ÷´֣ȡһɫӡ
֮ǰش⣬˵ÿһƷƷһûи㡣һ·ɡٻ÷ӣݸ֡
ٻ÷ɫЩӣӹӿһۣϻٻ÷һ˿£ҡҡͷٻ÷
ΪʲôҪٻ÷֣ʵ
̫أ³ܲ£Ҹˡ˵ţٻ÷һȭתҪȥ
ٻ÷ɫƽһ˦̻ʧ֮С
ȲҪҲҪ
ֳĬٻ÷
ȲҪ֮⻭ᣬҲջذɡٻ÷һӣгһᣬݸ֡
ϵĽֻȱһЩҲ˼ʡٻ÷ƽ˵
ӹᣬûд򿪣ǳĬһץдѷǰ֣ڷɳһ⡣
Уɢһʡ
ֳִ˱ʣֻ֮±һʷĹնδͣһǷϻֱǷıļΪ֮ͣ
˱ΪɱЩʩչΪԷǿ֣֮⻷ƴ˱ʣƮա
ȥٻ÷תһ磬ԶԶȥ
ش⣬Ҳܵٻ÷¶΢ЦʧķӣߣĴƮ죬ܻص
ԶԶأ˵еĻᣬ˿ϽӺȻ٣ΪһƬɿݣǺӵϣһĭ
üͷ¶ЦᣬԶԶڵ£ȥˡ
ãٻ÷µӣһӣǰĽʱУת̤գԶ
ղעͼ磬һֱȥƬ̺ȴӰһ٣ǰ
ǰԶڣһŴɫ֮˸ȴһƮ֣ٻ÷Ҳû뵽һף׳ķ򣬾Ȼͼָĵطһ·֮ϡ
ˣһܿĿܣҲ롣
ĬĬãһץУ̾һ۶ȥ
ԶڣһСĴ½޲࣬ƽպʿˡ£Ĵ·ϣȴʿϥ
ӣǵطҵΪ֮£ΪҪĳһͬǰ˵ߣһߣݣǲ˽˾ۻ֮֮ˡ
ϥɫ糣ƽ˵˿ʩչӡڣϷɹİտɣ⻹Ҫ鷳Եѵͨ·³֮󣬰֮ǰԼ֮Եѡ
ӵĿһϣҲϤߣ
ɳƵ˵
ʱĴ½һ̶ЦصȻƶȴһڰ˫ɫۣͷŵڵߣ֮߳£ͬسɴ磬ֱԱߡ
߸һ߳̾һŨŨѪ֮ܣڣڣʱ¶ͷ­
ӣϷ;ңһЩɫΪ԰ף˫ȴǾ¶ɭĹ⡣
ƻӣݵڿ֮˺Ŀһ
ǵƤһЦӵѣּˡ˵꣬ɨԱһۣĿ˲ϡ
ӣһξˣ
λӦÿ쵽ˡ촽˵䣬ǰӿȴǴ߳һˡ
һ£ڷƮ˫Ŀ¶ĮУǰˡ
СӣһС£ƻüͷһ塣
ɲǾ¶΢Ц
ŶƻĿһȴ߽˲䣬ǰһӣʱȻХֱֶȥ


1179 Ⱥħ
ڣ֮ǰٽɲǣһۿŵڵΪĸܵ˶Էɱ¾Ѫ֮ǴͨԻΪȻƺպյħ֮
˿ƻӴ裬޾ǵغХֱɡ
ĿһȭǰһȥȻһɰ֮ȻЩһ
¡¡ȻصأƶЩ̾ͬɨ֮ȴһС̱
һΣһ˳岽ÿһ£ضһһĽӡ岽ɫв԰ףŲӣӣǺ⣡
ӹһЦվǰһӣʱһƬ˸ЩȻͻǧѷɽХб˴һ֮£ȻγһĻֹƻļ
ƻӣλϷĹͣϷ򼸷ֱ棡
ǴŵڵƻɨһۣƤЦⲻЦ˵ͷ¶β֮ȴͨ˵ţһץǰ޾󣬻˾Ÿ޴Ļȼзžž֮⡣
ѣƻֻ̽Ϊ޴⣬ĪҪϡ¶΢Цȭ
ɫû˵ϥ˲Զɫ¶ϲŭ˿˼
ЦƻӶ΢໥ɨۣܿջĿ⡣
ȷɱı£ҵʿвٲ࣬һ˳֣ɱֻʮϢ֣˲ɱˣƻӶС
ɵĵط˵ݣǾʿͨȴ඼նɱȻΪ֪Ϊҵ֮»谭ҷŹ˳֣ȴзģֻǴĻ̫;Ҹᣬ̽Σ˫ĿպϣƻӴ
ƻĿһͬ˴¡
ϥԵͷʹ˿˫Ŀһĺâղſȫʵȴ˺֣ЩħϹ֣ǰԼʵȫ¶ǡ
ڡȷǿ̺ͨԪԶԶʿԶԿͬ׳֮𡭡ȫ֣ϷҲǻܣҪģǲ͵ϮĿ¶ɫ¶ߡ
ŵһսݵȫɫתԼָϵĽָĿʱڲɨ
۹۱ǣǹۿڣƽϥڷ֮£һۣ붨
ʱ佥ţⱻƵĴ½ϣҹΪһ壬ֲʱ⡣ԼȥһʱͻȻԶǿһХ
⽣ƺΪ̺ĽХ죬ȴһ·ûʹа仯ֱӴ͸һֱ˶
δٽһɽȻأ⽣и̲һΨҶİԵϢ̧ͷ¶΢Ц
һ죬˸٣˲ʹǰĵϣһָ߳߳ͨףƣˮɭɭɢ
֮ϽɫĽƮգʹô˽ϿճһȦȦǲԽӾңȴǴڣ߳һˣ
ӰСէһһͯӣԼȥȴǿԿŤΪ£з˿һȥͻȥ
Ӵ£վǽ֮ԣߣȻֻȽ߳ͷ
ӣʲôͼСүһ·ҵͯ˵ϥ˽ԣĿ֮ɨڿʱһ٣ȴû˵ʲô
ЦݸʢЦľϵܣ¿ɹֲңԼûҵ
ͯߣ˵ǵطֻصԿ棡
ǧȷϷ֮ǰ޷ڲֻΧͿһöֻصϧԣ޷õӵͷ
ʲôޣ
ʮ׻
ͯӳĬĿ˸
ֻصŴ˻ɫ糣ȴһֻֻصδҿǲӵӣƺ˵еص㡣
ͯһɨͯӣҲһʿ
ڲߣĪǻҪҪͯӳƬ̺Ųӣ˵
һˡӻû˵꣬ͻȻ̧ͷԶͬʱͯƻӶ˷׷ײĿȥ
ĸܵ΢ĲĿ֮ȥֻԶĴ½ƵУһߴӰһԽԽȴһ۵Ĵ󺺡
ٽΪңСʯӵɣܡ
߽ɲǣ˫ĿȻһϸĿһ۴󣬵ȴһͷͷ޸棬Щ˵࣬Ҳ٣ֻƷ׾ߡ
תۼ䣬󺺾ǰĿһۣƽ˵ĳ
Ҳʲôµɲǣͷ춯ص˻УʱмͷӺȻѪɢţеȫŭбһһ
Щ޵رȾ˺ɫѪ֮˲Ũͬʱһ޻ӱʬڷɳֱ󺺶ȥǰۣջһöɫһͳʵʣһöɫĵҩ
ˣ˳ͰǴһеҩƽ˵
ڣƻɫأǴ󺺱ȭ֪λѣϷƻӣڲӵоɡ
ͯҲһ࣬Ŵ󺺱ȭ
ʦ֣³Ǵƽɫư
ڡǼڵϹأȻ֮⣬Ҫڵ֮ͨҴ֮٣Ȼȴû˷һ㣬ǹأĿǴһͣٱ˻
ڽ֮ȻϷȻûзֳ٣ȭЦ
һͷƽ˵ӣĳܾŽٻҪϻͬǰʱ䲻࣬Ҫ죡
ԵͷĿɨλӺǸмҵȸ񣬶ϲλһˡһ٣֣˵Ԫ⣬ʱҲѡϼȨϷм֮壡
ֵ˵ͷû˵
Ϸ֮˵ȵ˵طΪλϸܣ룡˵꣬ٴαȭһХߣ֮ڡ
߽ͬȥڴ󺺳һΣ±źƣӥ״޻꣬ȥ
ѣˡƻЦЦĿ֡
ɫƽɳƻӵעǰ֡һˣ磬ǿԲ췽ƿնȥ


1180 ɣ
ǿХ͸ƺ·;ΪϤͲóϷٶԽԽ죡
ڵΪȫۣ֮ˣ˿ҲתΪӿٶȡ
һֵٶȻͻΪϾɫȡٷʱз籩ƣһ
һ·ۣպԽԽŨԶԶȻ뵽ɼǰһӰȻһĴ½
ˡһ壬ٽĴ½֮ϣ˵ش½̫󣬵ȴҲвޣվڴ½ϣͿԶ޺𲻶ϴ
Ĵ½֪֮˲֪࣬ߣҲҵϷܡ¶΢ЦǰĴ½ɫ¶׷䡣
ӵѣͰĴ½ϴ˿̴ڵʿȫɱˣӿݵߡ
һͷһʧԭأʶɢĴ½ӰƶϵѰҵǰ޵ʿΪһһնɱ
ֿһ۽ƬĴ½ܸоЩ죬ȴ˵嵽ʲôط⣬˿̶ӣץһѵϵͷϸĿ˼ۡ
ҲĿһܣɫ
ƻ֣ЦĴ½أǶʱԿþꡣ
ͯҲüͷܣ֪ЩʲôΨǳɫ˿ϥĿɡ
ʱ߻Ųһͷû˵
мĺһ˫һӣȻԪХǽһӴת
һͷ׷޷Զͺһ˫˲Ŵغݺݵһ
һ֮صǲд֮ȴǴѣһ޴ѷͬߣԶȥ
𶯸ΪңĴ½һ֮ߵɽȻɢĿ֮âͬʱϡĸ򣬾ɽɢâ
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ڵĴزвϵѣһʯƮգתۼ䣬Ĵ½ɽ֮ڵĴأͬһ㣬ϵرʯƮ
˫أǰһʯƮ˿̵ĴأȻͬһƽû˿İ͹֮
ڵϣһ޴ķӡǣ
ӡ֮ͨӡ˴ϣռĴ½ľ󲿷λáЩʯֻΪӡǺʩȥѡ
Щʯգɢǿ֮ڣֺȻ绮Щɢʯ飬ƶɢĹ켣һ뵽֮ǰо˵عصԭ
Ĵ½ȫľֹƺĴ½ǾֹǿڻƯУֻƯмΪѱȷڡڷ˵ܲڴ½ƮΪһ̶ȵʿǾȴǻԼһЩ켣
ֲƺıʿǰڵȫûƯĴ½ʶ˿̲ΪˣǱʿڹ˼ά£׾ͺ˴¡
ֹĴ½Ŀһ
ɽ֮ĵ棬Ȼû˰ʯϥ£һץǰдѷ֣һ˸ȴһڷɳڴص˲䣬ɢΪ˷ɻҡ
񲻶ϵɢŨǷӡԽɢ֮â
̶̵һʱ䣬ϵʮ飬ϵǷӡԽԽ󣬼Ĵ½ҫͬ磡
󣬿һصأɲǼ䣬ϵķӡǾҵ˸֮ϵؾ춯ء
ĸܵӡ㹻ɢ½ڲĴ½Ȼ䶯
ǲƶ
½򱱲ƶƶ½ٶȻ죡֣ͯ˾Ϊ֮ݣ׷ʶɢеĹ۲졣
½ӡ˸ƶԽԽ죬ûãǺ¡¡£Ȼ׵ƿλã¶֮ǰ½֮ء
ֻԭĴ½·м֮һɢ߲ʹâѷ죡ѷ첻ֻаɴС߲֮ƣʹСѷ죬ǿȴǼΪۣ
ǣͯӵ߲ѷ죬ɫɼŤ˿һΪѿ¡
ôֱʣڴ󺺳˲һۣĿɢ߲ʹâѷϡ
˵رûĴ½Ϸ·ǡѷոճ֮ʱºΪʶλŲһ½ѷڸǣʹ޷֣ӳЦ͸Ȼ֮ɫ
߲ѷͨεأѷ죬
ȥ˱֪ӹһЦĲٿУ˽µĴ½ƶٶԽԽ죬תۼƿԶ߲ѷ죬ҲԶ
ѷ첻ȶֱӽ룬Ļ֮У˴ѷͻ˵ɢȴСһͺѻع飡ʶҪĴ½ײȥʹѷҪ˲ڣ½ϵӡǣƣѷ첻ҵȻ֮ʱӰҲСϲ١
ŲӵĽ߲ͣѷĿнңԶµĴ½ƶ죬ȴƬ̺Ȼͣ
˫밴ڴأһȴ½ȻԸٶȣֱ߲ѷײȥ
ԽԽ죬תۼȻ˼۷壬ǽٶȣʹô½ΪңڱԵ֮дƬʯ䡣
ǿϷ¿ȥĿƬ½ٶȣȻ˿һʿ֮ʿҪ죡
֮صǿգ½ٶȸˣվڴ½ϵˣһɵɫأǰԽԽ߲ѷ죬ȫ
˵ʱʱ죬ɲǼ䣬½ͺȻٽǿյĺХֱײ߲ѷ֮ϣһ˲䣬ѷڵ߲֮Ȼ˸ǿն
Ŵ½ײ룬ѷƱǿ˺˲䱻˺
ߣͬʱһֱӳѷڣ˸չȫ֮٣̤ѷ졣
˿ֻ̻ƻˣƻעӣߣٶȴǲֱѷ죬佫Ҫ̤ѷһɲǣ˫Ŀһȴ͵ػͷ
ƻ˫һһ˲䣬ֻͷɲǣ̧һΣȴȻͳһ
⼣߰ߣȴӵо춯֮


1181 ѪӶ
ȥ߲ѷ죬ͼıƱػӳĦһпһҲ޷ֻҪԷӲǼΪþͿɣ
նľͯһ·й۲죬Ӧĺ֮ӵĹϵҲֻ໥á
ڳ˸ӹϵƼΪܣҲͼı֮ˡ
ӹϵĪߣȻֻһߣһˣƻˣ
ַΪƻӵĴڣʶӲŻ˴ǰȥϾ֣ټߣȻ޵У
ԣܻƻӣ͵ǶȥһۣƻӶԼƣһ·ӣһ·ȻܸԷֵĻᣬҪг֣
£ǳֵ
ڣ뵽ʿһսֱܣ˿̻ͷȻ̧ºݺݵһնȥ
ο֮춯أ˿˸콣ХֱƻӶȥ
ƻɫһ䣬ֲԶǿ߲ѷ죬˿룬ǽâٽɲǣƻӵͺ˫ǰһӣȴĻֱӳҪֵĽâԿ
ǻֱ֣뽣â˲һ𣬵֮صȴǻ̱˿޷ֹâХ͸
Σ֮ʣƻ˫ĿŭǽâٵɲҧһھѪ⾫ѪֱӻһƬȻγһͷӣһ˽â
һ֮죬ƻһɫ̲԰¶𾪣ΪϾڣֵһ޷ˣǳӺԪ𶯣ۿҪʧѷڡ
СƻӵͺѸٳ֮죬ɲǾٽ
ʱְ׷ӽУĿ⺮âһûгԤϣʿɱĿģ˼ԷΪ֮׼
ӺˣۿҪȫ̤ѷУ˿ƻȻٽֻҲ̤ѷڣ̧־Ҫʩչͨһɲǣ¶Ц֮ɫſڵͺȣ
һ˲תֱƻ֣תۼ䣬ƻӵȻһ٣
ΪһپֻƬ̾Ϳ鶨˿ߣȴȻȫѷڵɲǣһֱͷ­ȥͬʱȭһ̺֮ڣһֱƻӡ
ɨƻɲ£ȴƻΣ֮бܿӰһҺұѪȴǱն£
ڹһȭ˲䣬Ҳƻͨ赲ȴʹƻӽѷӣ˴Χб
¶־֮ɫѷڣ͵ķʽУܺҸıλãĻ̾ͻڴѷɲǣȥλã
ֶڴռѷȻΣܴδ߲ѷ죬϶֮ѷȫˣ߲ѷȻȶһָΪȷ
ʶĿģðɱһʿҪڴѷһɲǣʹƻ˵ǰ£ı䷽λ
һжǵʯ䷢Ĳ˼飬ڽѷ˲䣬ǰһԪֵľҷɣȴǿѹסʱȻһ硣
еأֻ˸߲֮â֮¾ϵľҲһƬ߲֮ɫֻ粢һƬڶദλֻвļλãû
û̫ϸȥĿһܱͽˣڣûƻӣ˿ҲڶģȴףԼӮˣżΪգƻͨûз±ϣ֣ͨһս˿ݡ
֮һƼ̳ĵطֻаɴСߴ˿ǰɫ¶п׷䣬һʱߵڶȫڶʱȥһ֣񣬾ֻʣ°Լڵˣɵа̾
ǶľյͯĿ˸ǰ촽
ڵĳɫΪ˼Ŀ¶֮â
Ψüͷ𣬲֪Щʲô
ɫܣ̾Ŀһ֣ѣƻأ
ɫƽüĳ֪ȥ
ƻ֮ǰĪ淢ʲô⣿üͷٴνĺ飬ƻӵʧٶʱɢơ
²֪̤ѷǰûп֡ƽĿڡ
ѣϷ֮ǰ⣬ƻ벻Զûеˣȴʧ٣߶֣˵
ɫ֣Ȼŭ
֮Ļʿע⣬ǶľյͯӹһЦ˵Ȥһѷ쾹Ȼܶˣ
ɨһۣû˵
ڵĳüͷһ壬ȥЩ飬ĿԶڣ¶һ˿ȡ
ӵԴأҿڣɱ֮Цɨһۡ
һ֮ȴǰԺԼڣӡ
ѣ»ϷһͣӶ֣֪ƻһֱڼǰ꣬˿ʧ٣
ЦŭЦĮŲӣЦƻΪڣĳͲĶ֣ӵҪͣͣ¸ˣ
ƻԣȥʲôطĪǻҪĳ㱨ɣʵǻҸĳһսĳ㵽ף¶⣬ԴϬ
ȤӣλѵĻеƻԣ˼ҲԸֻһȥ˴˵λҲ˵ǶľյͯӿһۣԲӼ
ӽüͷԴҲлɣƻӵΪ֮˳˼ߵΪĻ˶̵ʱڱնɱ
Ŀһɨӷƻӱնɱ뷨뵽ƻԼһǶＫΪ˽֮ˣ֮ǰΡ
ĪǡĪƻ֪ͨʶڽһ˲䣬ķı䷽ߣУҲп֮ƻӶӶʹƻڴѷ˲䣬ȥ˴˵λãˣΪģȴȻĴͽ
ҲȷΨѹ£֣ȭϷ³çˣĪҪ⡣
ߣһȭȴû˵
ʱ˿̣߲֮âֵĿռڣ֮һƬƵɽУƻɫ԰׵ϥŵܣұȻûѪɫȴ¶־塣
ģȻ͵ɬ촽ΪɵĿɽ֮ŨŨ
ģڴһ˻ȷ硣


1182 ߲ʽ
йƻӵ鱻һߣᣬнп࣬ʼ֣뵽֮ǰǴűĻ㲻ɵõ
˵ʶĪҪɢ̫ԶĻ޵Ĺ˵ֻΧȴʮ׻ޣܷ𳬹ɡӳ
߲֮âĿ߲֮âǹ죬˵ĸоƺ̺ĳ޷Ĺ仯
ﵽʲôطʻڵĳ
߲ʽ磬Ϸĳƺǰ˵
˵ΧޣϷԪǵ֮ǰΣÿζ޷˵ڲ
һЩ˵źϷĹ۲죬ЩˣҲһЩߡһָǰ˵
λѻϷߣĪҪ뿪˵ؼΪΣգԲע⣬ڴˡ˵ţǰȥ´˵ؼ̳ǰȥ
˽߲磬ǰСһ·ϲɫأչ̶ĵ·̳߳ڵƬƽԭ˳ɽ֮С
Ŀ˸пܣ˵ֻһͺͺɽһƬƬԶĴڣ˴˻š
ʱȻǰڳŲȻһ٣Ҳ಻Զɽ壬ɽжΣһʯ
ʯȻȻɣһۿȥǱ˿ٳΪ֮á
ȷһֻʮػϷϴʱޣȥⶴȷ񡣡ƽ˳һۣǰȥ
ջĿ⣬ǰĲӣ֪Щʲô
˵ǰУǰ·ԽԽխӶϤû·ʱһǰٴγǰ֮·
ʱȥ˵룬ĸܵ˴˵شһϣԽԽŨϣҲ
ӵɫҲԽԽأٶÿ߳Ҫϰ죬ڻ·ߡ
һ·ĬĿȴ˸ϣͿƣЩ̫ƾãѾҲһЩת
ְľģЩƵЩƣ֮ضڵĽƻҪǿϲ٣Ǳ˴룬˵ؽ粽У޷ߵ
ͷ·˿ѾʮأȻ߲ʽΧǰƬɽû޷֪ɽľ
߲ʽ磬ûкҹֻ߲ʵİڡ
ӵٶԽԽͣüģľѣֻصǰԶֻһͷʮ׵ޣҪõҩЩ鷳
ڲӵǰһ·ɽɭʱмʯӴɽϹ们£΢졣
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·ǰɼһƬסȥ·ıԵԿһߺǣ⺡ǿԱߵɽ붼ɢˣֻвļƲڹͷϣһ
⺡ѪѾ绯Ŀϣһöɢ߲ʹâĵҩⵤҩһϸ΢ѷ죬еĵطȻڻʹⵤҩӣѾԲΣ
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Ŀжݵã֮ҲָڳҲǺܿͻָ
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ĻǣҪˣڳ촽
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Ŀ˸ڣҪڵԪ˵꣬Ŀͬʱ˲ϡ
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˫ĿĹȴӡǴлûʱ֮ˣһַĴ
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ͬʱһ˶֮ͷڳȷɨɶ
ҲͰˣͷֵɲǣȴһɿԲʿѹ֣ʹɵһ
ǶľյͯӼһʱֱ˶ͷ­̾»ûͷ­תγɰоͷ
ֻֻ֮ӰʮϢҪ죡ͯɫϥأһӣȴһ߳߷ɽȻֻ⣬һֱȥ
ǰһ˫֮±һƬĹ˸ת۾ǰһ֮³ͷϥ棬˫ĹȻҵ˸ȻĹ⻷ڡ
һӣȴǧѷɽͬʱûֱͬ꣬̾һƬ紵֮صȴ·˲仯һƬϵ֮£ֱȥ
ҲûţһԾ˫̧׹˸ȴһ¡١
Ŀ˸˲ٽȭһӴϡ
֮ȻȴŭҪͯӵֻطӡ


1183 Ҫ
ʱͯӵķɽž˵ĽХƿֱӴȥߵ׺£ʹŭԽӾңԽǸӡͯӾɫԽӲ԰ףӸ
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ʹ֮ͷ­͵̧𣬻ͷ­ӡ˲ͯٴѪȴ޷ӡ
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ϵʧȥ˷ӡ֮ƺƶ̱֮ȴǻص⻷ƣһ˿˿ڣ˫ĿԽ
ϹֵڻҪͨҲȤЦ˸̧ͷҪն˲䣬ֱβԽԽϡٵȥ
һʵ壬ôڵԪ̾ͻɢΪԪһ֡
öٶ飬ȡЩԪòƴֲȥⳡɱת۾ͳڡ̾Ϳ˴ԪƯһЩ۶
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ʱ̲ܵΪң˻ʵʵļ󣬸һ
һԪֹϵķ˼ȡԿƶƶԽӿ
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ۿҪգһ׷𣬶߲ʽ粻ܷɳ̫ߵ˵һѡ
ʱ˫ĿһǰԶյ֮βǰһȥ˫ڸ֮صȴǹ̺֮ڣһ̤֮ԾһѾץסӴ֮βһͺУ˫Ѫܹ

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ӵǧӣӵԲΪ֮ӲͨԶԶڶʿȣȴûʸ
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ʮ׻ޣﻹв٣ͬģΣԽҵȵջԽࡣϢʱ󣬲˫ۣ˿ˣ˵
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ͬǰУΨͯԥһ£Ҳϡ
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ǧҪ¶־壬ɿĴ


1184 
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мǲҪɢʶɫ԰ףһһԲӸһ˫ĿҲıϡ
ֵĿУ˵һˡ
һ£·µȴǰ͸ԿѪ֮ˣûͷ˫Ŀû˿شԶһ
죬òߵʬԣҲʲôʬ̾Ϳʼ˸ãƬ̼䣬ͻһƬѪˮЩѪˮȴӿڡ
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ľյͯ󣬴˿һüͷȴĸܵǹɺԽԽŨпǻ˴߹кһ
ʱǻȴǽŲһ٣תͷľͯӡ
Ŀһԣͯһ˲һƬհף˫¶ã֮ȴӰûͷתγУֻͬء
õֻأľͯӵʵ֣̺ڶӡǣͯӵ⾳ͨ
£һģ֮ͯϵöֻأȻŻ˿ͯӵ룬˻ڡ
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ȡԪֿӡ
ãӲڷϻ˿ûм˳·ȥڴı䷽λֱԶ
ӶＫΪϤһʱ󣬱һ֮أһԨơ
̤󣬲ӼΪСģǰУƬԼʱͣ£һץдӴռɳǰƣֻ裬֮֮ʣЩȫĩ
İЩĩ
ʱڴͺȴһͷ״̽ͷ­һ֮±ĩС
ӵѡٴó񣬴ĩȥڡ
Ȼ˶ΣΪһγڣǹ״޻ͷһۣԥ˿ĩƮɡ
ֿһĻĿ˸ɫû߾ͳصߣٴó˺
һֱ˳ǧ⣬Ųڻ
٣ӿߡ
ǧûԥóһݸ֡
ʮ׻УһЩϲΪõһЩԪ˵꣬ٴθı䷽һȥ˶ദ֮ء
ͬķһЩȡ˽öԪֹͣȡ»ص·֮
ʱһ·ϷΪȡһЩӦҡ
־֮٣뿪һִСлص֮ǰǺݣǰ߲ʵ磬ĬĬĵ˵ͷ


1185 Ų
ֻһ仰ֳ˼ã仰ĺ岢δȫ˽⡣Դǵ˼ȫжֽ͡
Ŀڲɨ֪ԷΣ̽Ѱ˲ٶźȻһЩķ¼Ϣ
Ļ˶ϲܶϤ
˳֮ǰɽ··ӽǰ·ǰֻһ򵥵ĵͼûʵ߹߲ʽ磬ߵһ·ߣҲ·ϣǷȻĶĵͼϢ
·һգܹһ֮޺˽˴˵ɽһȥǰȻһɽῴɽ֮ľ
ɫƽһ·۲ԣ붨ߣֲĿΣʼտ˵˼
ֻ֪ԣ֮£֪һ·֮£ȴǿܸŲǰУÿһνŲµλãȴΪ
˵ؽڶ࣬ѾбĽŲȴʼ̤һƵĿհ׻֮߱ء
·һϰʹȻΪƱްı䡣ϸ΢飬ǽƷĴʦѿߡ
ǽӣҾ̫ȻĶΪɵ
˿ǰȻ·üͷ壬ͷ˼
߲֮âʼֲ֣ҹһԪĲлص˵ע⡣
˫ĿһңԶĿԿżɽĺ󷽣һƬԪǴӴ˵شԪĲУ̺һĸо
ǳڵͨԶ˵
ãصĲɢԶƽϢһжûз޲
׶༪ˣ˲Ȱ棬๼߲ʽ磬ߣ֮·ʱ̶ڱ仯ǶＫΪ˽⣬û˿߳Ц¶
ˣ֮ҲᣬԵѣ˵Ϸ鿴һЩƶߣƽⷽԵѳ֡˺󼸲תȭ
Ŀ֮ǰǰ·֮ɨ˿Եͷ
ϧľѱʧߴߣ⾳ͨʱӡƵı仯Եһ֮ҡͷ
˵ؽƴδܷƿղ󡣡һ߿ڣһǰȥؾͷ
û·ֻɽȹͱҪɽɽ֮ȴһƬŨŨƣһ·ߡ
̧ɽʯ˫Ŀ˸¶˼
ֲɫɽʯ۱ջĿ⣬ϥһԣɺԼʱ̶۷壬Խκͻ֮¡
ʱ仺ȥһ˫Ŀ֮âȴǱ仯ԽӾңüͷ
ӵѣȷнƣɽͷ˲һۡ
ɽϲһͷޣϷ֪ͷʮޣϷ֮ǰ˵أߵһ·ߣɽһΣ˲أҲûйȥһöͼ򣬵ͼĻһɽͨͨڣǴ˵أӳĬƬ̣ڡ
꣬˺˫ʱһƬӡӰûЩӡ໥ӣһΪӵĽӡǣȻǰɽʯ֮ϡ
һȥ
ֻǽӡɽʯǰɽʯڻһ㣬һȦȦͬһʯӡ
ǣһȦȦģȻһϸСӡһɲɣõϢɽʯڻɢ
ٴ˺󼸲˫ѸԼؿ£Ȼߵɢߵ̺ŨŨܻƣȻǰȥ
֮£Ȼ˳ɽʯ֮ڣɽʯƸΪң͸ʹòӵĿɽʯڲȻһ޴ʯͨ
ֻڳ˶֮ڲһƬڣĿⶼɽ˺ڰС
ɽʯڣɫ̲԰ǹŤһ޷֮ѹ֮
˫ĿĬĬƬ̣˫̧Ųǰȥÿһ£ӶҵĲÿһµ˲䣬ɽʯϵƾ̱ǲɣϢϣܡ
һ߳˫۳Ѫ˿˫üĺݺݵһ㣬ȻƵòʱ˹쾪˵ı仯
ЩѸɢ˺ܶ࣬壬ҲһɲǷϻͯһѮҵ긾ˣòûоޣȴ̺˳ķˣҽ̧ٴҪ˲䣬һѪҲܲסӵŵŵ˺һɽʯ˳
һֱ˵ߣͣӣò˲ı䣬ٴα˲ϡ
Ų󣡡ɬĿڡ
ϹҲֻڹϿ󷨣⻹ǵһܲ´֮ˣϵ裬ȻǷ켫
Ų󡭡ֿɽʯ˿ɽʯ˺󣬽ָ糣κζߡ
µ£û˹ӡЧȴҵΪ岽̤һܲס
ƴ󣿡üͷǰ󷨣ʵ
̤ʮͿ󣡡óҩ£г
ӳĬ֮һҧһӣϳһɫףħȻɢʹòһ̷ħ
ҪϷΪħףԵΪҴ󷨣Ҳûа취¶ߵǷģ˿˫ǰһֱɽʯȥ
˫ǰһָ̱һƷɳڲ֮ǰɽʯϣʱɽʯٴγ͸
ûаֱͣɽʯڣڵΪһ̺ȻڽɽʯɲǣһĲ
ÿһ£ƺкһǲɫв԰ףȫɢħŨĲ֮ͣ٣ĿһȻٴ̤
£Ѫɫҧ֮һͺȴ̧ҽٴǰһ
ǵڰ˲
ڰ˲̤صɲǣڴ֮Ѫ£˫Ŀͨ죬ǧ׼ȴ貽ģ

ҧ֮ǰٴһ˲䣬˫Ŀ¶ڴĿһɫ˼
ھŲµɲǣͬײɽ֮ϣ޴ķ֮¡¡ѪӶʱˣɽʯ˳ɲͣ
ҽȥ˭Ҳ߲ʽȥɫ԰ףɽʯ˫Ŀ¶뱩Ű
ԡִϥվӣϵĳɨһ۲ϵɢħ֮ףƽ˵


1186 Ӧ
㣿ӿ֣з񽥽İȷЩ죬֮ǰȻ֮ƿ󷨡
ҲãǾͰˡһȭɫָ
ЦǲӼħףҲֻܾŲܼ֮
ֿ˿ɽʯͷ֮ǰȴǿĿеķһ˵ؾΣգȤȻͼ
ȥǲӲȥܶһ㣬Ѿ˰е׼Ҳ⣬֪ʲôԭƷ˷
Ե󷨡һȭ֮ǰȻûʩչȫļĻᣬòӲòԼɽʯʹˡ
ûҵ⼸˾Ѿʼ˰еڶ˴ʵ˻ˮȥͱˡɫ糣˿˼
̧ǰһӣ̾нɽʯ֮ϣʹɽʯ͸вƻص
תɽʯ̧ڡûע⵽ڽɽʯƻص˲䣬ֵһεĽƣ˴˵ڡ
һɽʯ̾͸ܵһѹ˷۶ǰѹΪҡ
ǰȥһڵʱĲܵļѹȻﵽ˲˼ĳ̶ȣǰХͬɽѹ£ֹǰС
ÿ̤һ⼷ѹ֮ͻᱶһԽȥԽѣѰʿļѹ£Ȼ޷ܣ
ӵйȼѹӡֻ˿̵ȴɫΪ԰ףڵʱͣƬ̺ٴ̧Ųȥ
Ĳ岽
ڵ̤µɲǣ˵صѹȻﵽ˾춯صĳ̶ȣֲֻͬϣͨǰХŭеһҶۡ
ȻѪɫвҪˣȴһɲǣȻںҲֹˡ
˿ɽʯ⣬ɽʯڵ֣Ŀ¶˼
󷨳˱仯üͷ壬ֵ壬ϸĿ˰죬Լ֮ǰڵʱĸܣĬ
Ц֮ǰȴǸ߿˴ˣһΪȴǲУʱ̫أʧȥ˼ȥʸ
ڵͣٵʱϳǰ˵߲߲µɲǣһѪֿȴûкˣ˵ڰ˲
ڵڰ˲̤ص˲䣬ڴ֮ѪͷڱѹƬѪɢʹһ£Ѫɫ
һ̣Ϊ֮ݣǰȥĿ磬ɨ
Ҳվӣɫء
ߣЦء
ɽʯڵ֣ӷŢ̌ҽţһͺɽʯڴɲǣ˵ھŲ
һӾ˫ĿѪ˿ȴվӣ
𶯣ͺȵѣֻһ
Ŀ¶ӣΪϸĿ˰죬˿ûпԷٵļһжǼΪʵ
󷨾Ȼڴʱֱ仯˼أҲز
ӣԵѣĳѾˣȡɽʯڴ
ѴɷģϷ֮ǰŵ֮£ʳԣӻﴫ
ɽʯڵֺԥ̧ܿҽţǰ˵ʮʮµɲǣɽʱҵʯɽ䣬ǾɽϵĻޡ
Ų󣬱
ֵٴѪ󷨱бһɴ׻أĿһǰһֱֱ̧׳屳
ֵɲǣԪʶֱӳڣѸתһȦȻջء
ǰ㰵֣ĻȻļ߾裬Ϊպг̴Ҫ鷳
Ŀģ̽һ֮Ƿˣ˿Ѿõ˴𰸣Ȼûв֮˼ƽϡ
ʱ޺֮Ȼ֣ȴɽϵڳһͷӥ״ޣֱ˶
ץֱ̤󷨱ֵͨڣѸٽͨ
һ·ۣͨ߳ã޺֮ͣ
ӷ֣ɫ¶пȭƴƿ󷨣Ϸģ
ɫ԰ףǻѪֿЦɽʯ󷨺ǹأ̤󣬷ֺҲֻǰС
Σ˷ܽѵ׹ɫΪϿңȭƣóҩݸ֡
ˣлָҵٴǰС
ֳĬƬ̣ɬĵ˵ͷӹҩȴûз£óԼĵҩУĿ
Ŀһ¶âʱɨһۣһҡͷ
ʱ仺ȥʱ˫վӣɳƵ˵ƶʱ޷ָǰȥɡ
ӿһۣ˵ͷİ̾û˵
ͨǰȥ˵ؼΪֻнŲصҲ֪˶ãԶһƬѹеļ첻ȥ
֮Ǵ˵صĳڣվǰЦ
ǰһƬ಻ϵɽȣвľɢ֮һڣĿ֮Уɽ֮һǽɽɽƳɻΣ߸
ɽǴ˵ڲ˾īĶɽ󣬶ڴ˵ǰһɽڡӳЦǰȥٶȼ죬ߣ˼۶ȥ
ɫ԰ף˿߲֮âΪĿ˹ȥЦʼֲԶ֮
ûãڲӵ·£һɽڣڣһ۾Ϳǰһ
ⶴʯϳݣȻѾķ˺ܾãڲֻʯ䣬Щңвٵҩɢ䣬дѾ绯һͻΪĩ
ӵȻⶴڣ˿˵˵ϷȡƷȫԵ֮
ʶһɨҡͷ֮ǰܴ󣬴˵ȡȫѺˡ
ֿ˿ܣ̾һȭĳ޷λһͬǰˣ˵ҿΪҲʺˡ
ˣһӣϷԵѻ֮ǰŵȻ˫ϣʱҵһ뿪¶΢Ц
лֵͷ
ﾡܰ˵գ˵ޣӵѣϷһСӳ꣬ߡ
ǶˣϷ䰲οӵΪ令Ե֮ʱָӵһݣлΣ
˫ĿһЦӦˣ


1187 գ
üͷҪ˵
ôѲ⣿ǲɫһ֡
ֳĬ
Ȼͬ⣬Ǿӵˡ˵꣬һۣת뿪۶ȥֱԶǽɽ
ֻǰһɨͬģҲǿһۡ
ڶߺ¶Ц֣תеĽָ˵ѼɣϷ򶨻Ϊúû
˵꣬ʶΪɨȷֵƺ󣬿һۣⶴѹ
ֱ˫Ŀûߡ
ʱ仺ȥѰʯң¶ϲص֮Ķ֣ȻЦ
ѣϷǵ֮ǰ˵һ仰
˫ۣĿƽߡ
ƽĿ⣬Ŀһܿͻָɭ˵֮ǰ֪ϷҪԴأҿڣɱ֮
糣˵ȷ˵ڻҪ˵ҿڣɱ֮
߿ЦϵĿݴ˿̿Ϊֵ˫һƬ˵û֮ǰϷȷɵ֣£ϷҪ˭ɱ֮Ŀһֺ̧ݺݵһģ
֮Եȵڲų֣Ϊ˵ȲԶⱻ
ƽˮٽ˲䣬˫Ŀâ¶һ̧һѾץס֣ݺݵһ
֮Ȼص˫ͫʹʹ˿еľ֮£ȴ΢
㣡̺ˣҪʩչͨʱһΣȴֱӳȭһ֮£а֮Х
߾̫˿̸޷㣬һ죬ȭֱؿڡ
Ѫ¶޷֮ɫ˲䱬һƬѪ⣬ԪзɳŨŨĿ־壬ˣ
ôҲû뵽ǰ֮˾Ȼûˣ˿ҪӶݣת̧гһԥֱһն
˸߲ҽԪһΪִһӣֱӾͰԪץУһ֮£һԪ̱Ԫδɢͱſڣֱ̡һԪ񼸺͸ȴӶݣָ£
һжֻƬ̾ͽֳ־ɱУ˿ûˮ߳䲻նɱʹͨ뷨ûüó
򿪴ռ䣬Ҳɱ㣡Ŀ䣬Ŀڡ
ԪΪ˿Ѿܵ˽ҪɢļǰȻǿĲ˼顣
ֵĻֲ٣˿ܾܾ̾һæҧ֮´˴ռ䡣
һӣնϴ봢ռϵֱӱ䴢ռƷȫóߡ
ĿԪĿɱһ
ӦɱңԪ̼С
ߣһӣֱץŴԪǿڶԷ״̬ʩչѰͨƬ̺δԪ봢ռڡ
ȷû˿ɱߣ֮˲ӵľ裬Ǿ͵òʧƻֵļƻ
ӹϵĪ棬˵ڲ֣֮һӾͻֲ̲ȷ߼Ҳûִ£һС
һʱ䣬ֲŲæĴ򿪴ռ䣬֮ʿвٱн񣬾ʮ֮࣬ԪȻҲ
ЩپǴĲҩ뵤ȻΪ˴У׼ǳ֡
ЩΣҪѰڣŵͼһ뿪˵صĿھӡǡ
ݵͼй߲ʽ磬һЩ·߻˱ǣһЩιʳȡԪĻҲбעνΪϸ
ϧǣֻõļУҲ̫֪ӵĿģֻ֪ӡڶ֮ꡣ
֮⣬й߲ʽ飬ִӼҲ֪
ּ꣬鿴ռ䣬߷Ϊѹ䶴Ҳ˲ٵҩ֮עģһѶ̽
̽ڵʯңһ޹֮ϡ
һӣ˸ǰѶ̽УҲǸոջãδüϸ鿴ֻ֡
ʶ̽ɨϲһ˿ѰϢϢоЩϤȴ벻ʲôֻ̽зӡǲ򿪷ӡ޷֪
һ˼˵ʯңһ۾Ϳ˵ϵ޹ǣ˹ǲֻһ˴С¹֮Ρ
ͷͨڣ˿Ѿд뻯ĩϸһĩǸոճ֣Ȼȡʱɡ
޹ǣֽüͷܸоЩԾôһڣΪλһͷ¹Ƕ̽ӡδ򿪾ͿɿǷƷһ򿪷ӡȻ޷󣬵һȴǱ¹ϣ̶ʯڡ
˵ؼȻ˾īĶô˭ġ֮ǰ߼ʱ㷢֣˿̸Ͳ˾īĶǲӸûȥĶ
ֻǲӷҵѡ
˾īȷжֻ䶴ڣλãѾ֪
ŵϵ޹ǣֳĬãת߳ʯңû̫޷̽Ҫȥ
ȻֽŲһ٣ʲôͷ棬һԵĽһƬѪпһָָ
ߵļУȫõķָҲ߲ʽ磬ֻδüʩչͱ˲նɱ
һץָͷɵУȥѪʶһɨɫжݡ
ָҲзӡӡΪŲ㣬Ѿƿ߲㣬ָһֲٿ֮ڰ˲ҲѾƿһ롣
Ĩȥʶӡǣϸ˼ۣ裬ƿѣнƳ֣˲ָϣ֮صƿ˴ĵڰ˲ӡ̴˿ǽָȻɢ֮âɲǾͻ߻ơ
γ˼Ϊܵķпֹһͨٽ
֮ǰƿ˵ڰ˲ӡҪɱͲ˿ˡһɢָڣ
Ŀڶ⣬˸һ֮¶ݳֱԶ׷ȥУʶδɢ̫Զ⣬ƾһ˿ĸӦһɽڴ
ߵ·ߣǱӿһ·ߣȫ֮·
ĳɢħף״


1188 
ݱأûκԶһۿɼһ·ۣһɽȱԵʱͣӣĿƬ̣ڸӦ·ڣʱ˫ۣǰȥ
ǰǽһɽңңĿʱĶȹֽٽ
ԼĪһͣһɽ⣬˵ؾǸ߸ߵɽȻƬɽȾͿȥɽ¡
ǰɽȣ¶˼֮ɫƬɽЩ죬ϸƬ̣ĿһнƻûһüģʱһߴüķɳŤлӡǰȥ
ǽƮգɢâܡ
â£ǰ֮ϣ̾ӫ˸¶һͼͼ÷״ڿͼɲǣ˫һ
÷ʮ˽
÷ʮ˽ƾõ£һǰȻ÷ʮ˽ǽмߵĴڣϹĴĽûȥ֮ǰ̶ֳȵĽƣȻ޷ƽ⡣
һУִϹĴеĽǰܶ÷ʮ˽Ҫ֮ѡ
½ƣΪʾĿ˸ҪǰȥͻȻŲһζһ£ϸ÷ʮ˽
Լָоƺ鲢˼򵥡
չȫʶɽĵϸĴɫǿڲԶ÷ʮ˽λһֲ׿ĺâиѪ򿪾Ųʱַ
֮ǰĽֶαоЩ죬Ͼ㵱ϸ۲죬ʶ޷̫͸ɽĽȴǰ˼죬¶
ַϹĴеơֳĬƬ̣˸Ĺ⣬ķǰһԱߣһЩĿһ
ݵĸȻãȻֻ࣬ٹʱͻʧȥȫʱ˵󷨽᳹״򿪡
вԣʶûʱϸ󷨣ֻܼ򵥵½ƣʹýմ˵زľȫպ󣬾Ϳɿж˺ܸߵľ衣
дһ룬Ҳǲƣ硭¶Ц˺󼸲˫ǰһָɢâܣĽӡʱһ𣬽̱ڹɢƬݵϡ
Ҳƿ󷨣δʱԼӡƣһȴǿûв£ռȵںĽϹĴֵǲãȻ֪̤룬ҲˣСĵǰȥΪĴƬݵأֱɽڣ˿
һܣֵĿǰɽȵľͷǽڰİɽӣɽΪͣ¶֮ơ
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س֮ʱй֣û֮£ֳһ֮Ϊ󣡽зͬһƷǺڽƵĻ֣֮ϣһΣұˣ֮Ϊ飡黯ķݣĴ
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ֹȥ˰죬߲֮â£վɽߴվ߲ʣ˴Զȥ߲֮âУһ㡣
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һƬɫĺӿ
ǰĸܵӾڡĿһƬ䣬Ծȥ˳ɽֱ·ԽԽԶ
ϴħףɫΪڣÿ̤һҪż֣Ե˿Ҳơ
һƬΨж˵ĽŲ
֮˴˿ӦѾӵ²óѻ꣬ջӡڴ֮ͨĬʱ䣬ӵ²϶ΣһͿ֪˴˼
ӵ²Ŵ˿ҲӦ·ˡĿ΢ɲһ
ӵѣ˵ĵطжԶһ·û˵˿ͻȻڡ
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ֻǰڣɼһƬģľʯڣȥڶӿ˱仯һ㡣
໥˿ȥʱǾǾʯ֮£̧ͷȥ
һԼɵľʯ̣һӣ̧ͷ죬Ŀ¶ü֮һӵӡǡ
ǡһ㶣ŵüĵӡǣɫͻȻһ䡣
ʱͻȻһƮŨŨĴ죬̺һɴ͸֮Զֲ崫ķ
־֮٣뿪һִС
־ǰã֮ȡС
־֮ˣӡڤ֮ߣຣʧС
һζιڣشܡ
ɫ̲԰־ĿܣҲǵһζλͣУϵػصȻʹԪ𶯣Ĳȡ
˭Щʲô˼ӡ
־ߡӻ䣬ͻȻǰһ֮ӰƮ̫죬ֱӴӲмƮ
ǹĴ֮С
ӣ־ߵʲôɫ԰ףһζλﲻϵĻصЩܲס
ʧʧȥԼĵãѰңϵƮ߲ʽ磬ãȻѰš־ӵеȴ˵󣬵ı޷ۣΨƮҡУ׷ѰǻѾˣʣµִֻĵ꣡ӳĬŶ߲ϴ
˫Ŀһ
̧ͷ˫Ŀ¶ȣ˵ûǵϷû߲ʽǰδţȴǴ˿֪ؼ䣬һŴ˾֮Ѫ
ʼ˵ģĪǾǡŵϢʵ̫˾š


1189 ౦Ĳ
ǵϷ˵ĿģҲԵ֪Щֻ֮ǴҪϷ뷨ȥһǵĿ¶֮â˵
˵ô־ߣȻǵǼ򵥣ӵ㡭һӡ
Եѿɼǵõûʶʱұʿһ仰̧ͷǾʯ
ŵߣϦӣڡ
߰ɡջĿ⣬ǰ۶ȥĬƬ̣˺档
Ŷ˵ǰУĶƮԽӶĪ⣬ڶУ᲻תܲٿء
ҪѾ񣬲ſǿѹסŶԽٽľѹססĸо
ÿһ񺳶
ѪɫȴǼ˻ڣʱţתۼ䣬Ѿͣա
ڣǲ֪߳˶Զڵ죬ǰһСɽ
Сɽߣֻǧɣ֡
һɫĹĻСɽ֮⣬ֹǰСԴǳϿңȭԵѣϷڽϵͨ޷ȣƿ֮Ļ
ɽڱǷӡ֮أֻ֮꣬ҪԵѴ򿪣Ϳȡ޻ꡣ
һǺɫĽ֮Ļǰַ̧棬֮ɫЩѿ½еһӡƣ¹֮ʱԽãԽ󣬴˽ƴڵ͸̸Ͽƿ֪˵Ƚƣ˵ʲôҲǰ
ǲ΢΢һЦһץǰдѷ֣óһƷһѺɫ׶ӣӡǣһóʱһѹɢ
Եѿʶӿһۡ
׶ӣĿ¶֮âϸã˵Ϲ汦ƽ׶
ԵѲǽƴʦʶ㣬֪дڣԵѵĽ֮мɰƿƣ
ĬƬ̣ڵмƽ׶
İѣ˵
Ƕʱ½İƽ׶㹻ƣڵ̫ƾãֻһɰաҡͷ
ӳһӣӴռٴóһһϰƴСĺɫľ飬ڴó˲䣬ʱһݵǿϢХɨܣȻһЩγһԲʮɵУת
˫͵һǺɫľ飬˵ο֮
Ļռɣûнͣ˵
ĳɣӡ㣬ϧջĿ⣬м㣬ڵ
ԥһ£ٴδӴռóһһ貵ľʯںѪ̺ڻתһȻһɻصϢɢܡ
ϴ㹻˰ɣ
ӵѺôֱʣȻóοʯԱ֮֮Ҫ١Ʒ߳ɰգĬ꣬ɳƵ˵
߲㣬ˣӴһ˦İƽ׶Ӵ׼Ϊ֣ǶڽʵǲǰԼˡ
ҪϷʩչʱԵѿھǡ
ڷϻ˫нƻûͬʱȫΧƣӡһָ֮£ֱһƽ׶ȥ
֮صĽӡ˲ƽ׶ϣźڣƽ׶ȻŨŨĺâ˸һɿϢɢ
ĿһҧһѪƽ׶ϣƽ׶һȻֱǰ֮Ļȥ
ٽǺɫĽĻ̳Ťһ֮Ȼƽ׶ϣ׶̲ɢļ
ƣһͺȡ
ƽ׶Ѫһڳĺ磬ֱӶ˽Ļһǣذݽȥɿɢ
ͬʱٴɢѸڶƽ׶ٿضֱĻһٴζһ
µƽ׶½ɳ붤£
İƽ׶ȫµɲǣĻ֮̾кԭŤ˿̣ȴΪİƽ׶ĳ֣һĺĸ޴ʯ飬˲ͬĲ˺ƽ⡣
һ˲䣬˫üĺݺһ㣬һںȫѸɢٴλѮҵĺֱĻϲƻҵɲǣֱλãγһɫУǽĻϵײ
֮춯ء
ľĿһٵ
ûκԥֱ׳Ǻɫľ飬ľٽɫеɲǣ̧ǰһָ
Ȼľһ̾л֮ʱ
֮أǰܵƶľ黯ľм޷ĳۿҪɢʱһԾֱӳϿգ˫ƻƣȻٿЩɢĻֱ֮·ƶȥ
֮ʹôضǽĻǾҵ𶯣࣬ȴû˿ˣһɷ֮Ȼ綤ĵһƽ׶ֱӱ
ɫһ䣬ǲӲ÷Ը׳ʯٽĻɲǣ
⾧ʯ̺֮̾ͻһ޴ķ籩ɨһҧ˫ٴεüģ̸ĺɢȻ仯ȻΪһԼʮòŮӣ
ĺٿ»ܣһƣ뾧ʯ֮ǣ֮ӿĻ
֮ٴλصǽĻϴ֮ȴһѷ֣ѷһ֣ѸۿҪָ
ӺݺݵһҧʹѸٴӴռٴóһһö壬Ȼͬɢ˴οϢмΪᣬ֮ǰǴοԾ߱һЩϢҲΪǿ󣬵ٵҲͻˣ˵ʹҲԽܡֻó֮һĴο٣絶ʣ
һĻŮ˫Ŀһ²ⲻӵжٴο
ַΪΪƿƣȻϧٵҪ֪һõ棬ֵ֮ߣ޷󣡼޻꣬ҲԻһС
飡ҧ֮һͺ𣬻һУ
ֱĻѷ˲ϢȻһԶԶ֮ǰĳȻ֣γһɷ籩Բǧɵ
֮صǽĻȻûѣѷ죬ȴǱ׵˺һʮɴСĿӣ˵ڻָٶȴ
һΣŮӣֱѷȥŮĿһͬѷ졣ʱԶһٽֵ֮Ӱһѷ죬û̽ȥٵĲ˴Ľƺһ̤֮ѷ죡


1190 ֮ƿ
Ļϳѷͬһ˰̣˿䶯зɿϣò˶ãͻ᳹׻ָʱٴ֮ǰǰڶ෨֮򿪣Ļ½һͬӡ㡣
ѷһСɽֱɽȥŮ󣬶˾ٶȷɿ죬ת۾ٽɽ塣
ɽжΣһԼʮɸߵʯţϿһͼڣ
˵ؾǷӡ޻֮Ӱһ֮±ٽɽ֮ԣһץӴռڱȡһɫĵ׹׹״
ǰһףǵ׹ֱʯŶȥдĿȻ˸ͬʱʯϵͼҲͻȻɢ⣬ǵ׹ӳ
ʱصǾ޴ʯŲл򿪣дƬĳɢܡ
ʯŴ򿪵ɲǣһԴ͸ȻʯڵĶȻ޻ŭһ޷ݵ̾ͷɢ
Եѣʱȣȡ޻꣬ϷҪȥһǵڰŮһȭ
ԵȤϷһͬȥ˵и򣡡
ŮӳĬ꣬ҡҡͷ
ҲȰӻɽ嶥˶ȥûõĵͼȴİѵ֮
ŮĿ˸ŲԶȥӰüͷԣһУȴûǶڴ޻겨ȷ˵ӡ˴޻ꡣ
һŮ⣬ʶɨ룬漴¶֮âһϵнƺ˽ȥ
˵ǲӣ˿Ȼɽ嶥һɨŮӽ붴¶Ц
Ϸû˵ѣȷʵӡ޻꣬㲻ȥ㰵иҲ޷ջĿ⣬ͻȻɽжζʯţȻ䴫֮ȴԼٶ£ܵĹر
ڴŮӵŭ֮
֪˿ʱ䲻࣬һѷºϣѳȥվɽ嶥¶һ죬Ѿ˺ܾãվ̧˫֣˻ع˫ֳ죬д
Ϊ죬˵ʲôŻе߲֮âȴһɲŨҫȻ߲֮âԽӴĿȻ͸˴˵ֱɽ֮ϡ
ڲӵϿջƣƬ̺󣬾ͻһʺ֮ţǰһƬ֮С
ѹм̤ϲʺ磬ǰۣת۾˾ͷʺ羡ͷУ˿߲֮âһУһȥ̤֮С
һƬ磬߲֮⣬ǹâǴܻûǴǰһʯɢʯ߲ʹâ£һ޷ݵѹһ˵ߣҪĤݣ
Ҳ⣬˹ڵϣĬĬдʣ̾͸ֳһӡǣЩӡ䶯ȫ˲˫ĿƷӡһ
Ƭ̧̺ͷʯ
ʯ·һߺǣ⺡ֻϱ˫۷ֿ߲֮âʯĶʯϡ
һʿĺǣ߲ʵڣâ͸ƵУ⺡ǵɫδı䣬ɢ۵ĺɫ
ڵĹͷϣϸܵ˸Щ飬Ȼ鲼⺡ǵȫйͷ
ںǵ·һɴСԲ󷨣һȦȦģ󷨵ģҲǰߺǶϿļ·һƿ
ӵĿƿϣ¶̰
֪Ǻϵ֣ǵŲȥ֮ǰһУֻǺŪˡ
ͻΪ־ߣϷĺúãðսֻΪ촽ĿģǺ·ƿ
˿̣ƿϷߺǵļǴڹ˸ȴһκɫѪҺˮ飬ڳžһƿ˵һ졣
ǰһΣֱǺǶȥ˲˽ǰ̧ƿץȡƿ˲䣬ӲȫʱɢѸٱƿա
ӵɫȴûлң֪һ㣬һӣԾдռ֣ھȻɳһԪ
Ƭ̼䣬нǧԪɳЩԪȫӡϸһϸ߲ƣ˴˱һ
ЩԪֵ˲䣬ӿдһһץ̱ץסһԪ
ʱԪ̲ɢţһԪʮϢʱ䣬ǧԪȻȫɢƿա
ͬʱҧ⣬һѪγѪƣűĵзɳİƴСĽСƿԲ󷨴ȥµͬʱѪ뽣ڣ֮صİСĲĸ
һ˲䣬ӵͺһһ̧ȴǰƿץ̼ۺˡ
дЦʱһӣǲڵİѽС̷ɻأδ𣬶ֱӴߴֱԶ߲ޡ
Եѣɿ
һŤû˫ǰƻƣγһУֹİС١
İѽСȴǼΪ죬еɲǣȻڻΪһƬɫҺ壬͸˽УֱŮӡ
ɫһ䣬ٴκˣǽɫҺ̱ɫˮ˷Ůӡ
Եѣ˵Ϸ֪㵽㲻ø˵ؾǵڣúùĦɣӿЦһΣҪ߲磬˳Ųʺصɽ塣
һصɽ壬뿪ʱɽĽĻѷϣõΨзǵԪ־УʱʵûֻܳΪڶ־еһԱ
ʱһߴȴǲǰȻͻûһӰӰҲȻ
ĳ֣̾ʹô˵عǲҲΪ֮һ㶣
ŮޣֻһѮҵһƵòȴǿԿž˵ƣ
ⲻǷȡ֮ɫһ䣬ȴ㻮һƺΪϣ˵еһ
ţΥףΪΪѣʱ񣬼гɹǰһУȴòӲòţȻ˰ľ磡
ν棬һŮ˫޺лһŮŮĸڳͨʹĸŮһ壡
ĸŮһŮޣٴ˫ޣһŮĸͨΪһ壡
ַʽʹΪһ壬ʶʶΪǿ


1191 
δͣһ˫֮͵һ̾һɰĴڣʱȫҪ֮С
ɫ˲ͻָ糣Цʼհƿ޷봢ռ䣬Ļͱպá
ϻƾԼǿΪǾ֮뿪
˿һץȻһƬ˸ȴ̾ǰûǧѷɽһָ֮Уֱȥ
ͬʱӸڶͷһģʱһ֮âɳǳ֮âԪӤСˣϸȴǿĲԪӤ
Сһ֮𣬾ѪŽֱ֮
ڿԪӤС˵ɲǣɫ˱仯һӣбһ֮ͭ룬ǰȥ
ǹͭһֱתֱԪӤС֣Сȴ˫ĿѪ˸һ˺ļХ
֮صṉ֮̀ͭƬɢͬʱɽٽԪӤСҲڽڴֱȥ
ʱȣӲȥһΣǰ̳һƬҪ̤뿪
ֻ벨Ƶ˲䣬ȴһֻɿݵֱ۴Եץȥ
Ȼ澳磡˫ͫһ˿룬ֱǸɿݵֱȥ֮Ȼ߲ڻصƺһɫ̲԰ס
۷壡
۷飬ȻһƬڣлˮڳµ䣬Ȼ涾ų֮һ֮¾̤벨ڡ
ԶУһΪϣǴӹľϸˣͷȻȫʧȥΪ£
˫Ŀ˸Ĺ⣬Ѫһӣƿڴ˵صĽ⽣꣬һסѪɫԪӤӡֱ֮ǲȥ׷ӡ
Ѫɫû뵽ȻΪʹԼûа±͵Ϯɽ̺ͨ涾˿۶طҪתȫȴѹס
ֻҪѷ죬ûʱƣƾϷڶ෨Ӿǵ֣
̤˲Ҫ۶ߣϸ˾׷ͨûɽڲϵ໥֮ص춯ء
ۿҪٽĻԵ˿ѷֻɴС֮ԽӿĿһͻȻһ
ֵɲǣʱ߲֮âҵ˸ֱ·˲ͻڲ⣬ߵͬɫĳֱϸ˶ȥ
ϸɫ˫һϹǰû˶һ̾һɲɣϢһ˿ħ
߲֮˲ƣΪҵĺ֮ȻϸѪɫȴǸΪһĶͷһ֮£Ԫֱӷɳ
Ԫɳɲǣʯ߲̤ͬʱͷԪ˲ɳԼٶɽϸ˵Ԫںϡ
Ԫڵʯںһ𣬻ֱӣ
ɫҧ֮¸׵ֽӹƿǰһӣбһӣ
˼һףӱֱںΪһԪȥ
٣ߣӴһʱɢĹ⣬ȴ˲ʹô˵յ߲֮âӿıڡ
ţӺȻһ߲һֱϸ˵Ԫȥ
ͬʱϷ˵ԪХһȴǴԪзɳƣһɫ䣬ǽĻΪ֮
ƣеļߴڡ
ںϣγһɻ֮˲߲һ
䣡
ضɽҡɽִƬıһĻĻƮҡ֮Ӱȫһ٣Щ־ȫŴ֮Ʈ
ҵĳ£ںΪһԪ̷ɢ˴Խ͸Ѹٻصڡû뵽ϸ˵ĽƾȻǳӵѪ
۱Ѿ涾Ѫ⻯ˮͷѾڻ£˺ѣɢһա
ƿڳзɳŽĻֻʣһɵѷȥ
˫Ŀͨ죬һֱ֮ƿϸͬʱһѷڡ
ɲǼ䣬ȴһɫӰ˸ԿʿٶȣֱԽϸˣԽ˲ӣʯһץסƿû˿ͣ٣ѷ졣
ڳѷɲǣ̧ѷһģʱнƻûĻڣѷϵٶ̱
Ӻƣһ㶣ŭгѷ죬ǰ۵İӰľҪ׷ȥ
̤ѷɲǣȴһŲΧ֮ǰõĽϣȻܱк֮һͨʹòӽŲһ١
ϸڴ˿ںΪһͬһƣ׷ȥ
֮ǰѷ󣬾ս񣬲¶ϢѷڱԵŻ˵ع죬Ļڣʶ޷ɢ̫Զһᣬ˲£
˿ƿ۶ߣѸٴǹ֮ڶ߻صϣȴǰһӰƮߴȥ
ϸں׷ֻٷ֮ٶȻ޷޷󣬴ȴǾ뽥
֮ϸ񶾣һӣ̾һƬûתۼ䣬߲ʹâֵУһ޴ĶЫӰ֡
ǶЫǧɴС֮βֱ˦һƬӰֱֶȥ
ּ͵ת˫¶⣬̧ȭǺХЫβձһ֮춯أЫβһ̱
ʱǲҲ׷˳˫ĿٴδӴռóһöӣϧʹǰһףͺȵ٣ߣ
һؼ߲֮âȻ۶ȥڣ˲ϢӺȻ
ɲǣͻȻ߲֮âҵ˸һȦȦƻصУȴ߲֮âѸǲۡȻ䣬һ޴ָ߲֮â۶û
һָ˵عȻйּڿо޴ָ˲䣬˫ͫһ¡
Ǿ޴ָƺһ߲֮âȻʹΪ֮һں£Ӷе֣ݺݵĽƺҪ飡
ϸ˫Ŀһ˫ǰһָʱü֮Ͼнƻû̷ɳƣ֮ǰĪ߽Ʊ仯
ϸɳƵصƶʱںһ𣬻һľ֮֡


1192 
ּг԰ƿ봢ռ䣬أȻ޷룬ʵϴҲ׼봢ռ䣬ǲߣȻš
Ӱٷӡ£糤ֱǰ
߲֮âۻû޴ָͷһƬ춯صĺХн٣ԽԽ
Ľ׷ϡ
ڴͨʿֺϻ£˫˸⣬ȻҴӻʳаնԿ
͵תӰ˲Ϣ俪ʼͣһŨŨĹϢɲǾ߲ʽڣֵⲨƻص̻ʮɡʮɡɡתۼ䣬ͳΪһɵˣ
üϣĹǵٻƣеǵģ֣ӴϣƤΪֲڣܲ˴һ
Ӵ˰壬ǿԸһĿһľ
˫ͫ͵һδͨ˿һ
ϸҲ˫Ŀ⣬¶֮ɫ
ֺԥΪĹת̧֮ͷսٵһָȭֱӺ
ĹһȭأǴ˿ֻһȭ֮У̺һ֮⡣
¡¡ľ˲Ϣ侪춯أǾ޴ȭͷֱӾһָһһ޷ݵĳǾҵܷɢ
еһָʱͷпָۿɼٶѸٱ߽⣬߲ʾɢٶԽӿ٣תָȻȫ߽⣬ں֮£׵ɢΪ߲ʾء
һжǵʯ䷢һ˽ɰӣһԾȥֱӿ룬ǽڰɽ֮¡ûκͣ˫غݺһֱ̤Ծ𣬺ǰɽ
׷ȥת۾ٽ֡
ִ˿ɽ֮ϣһץǰһ޴ѷͬ˺˴˵߲һ֮ͻȻ֡
һѾ޴ꪣͨڣѷںХꪳԼİɣͬһ־һɾ춯صѹ
ŨĹϢƣһѾץסꪣǰɨꪼ˻·ƿգ˻˻֮
ֳꪣһվɽ֮ת֮ǰɨֱٵĽȥ
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˿̵ֺ֣ץһͷǺΪŭ죬ϵŤӣĿ¶׹⣬ֱĶŲϸˡ
ֱĿ⣬ңң׷Ķϣ˫ĿһƬ䣬Ŀɨ纮͸壬һƬ
ĵر˾ɵ֮㱦֮˵پһָݹɱˣֻصתֱԶ
һĻϸȫ
⡭ǡ𶯣޷ƽ޵ʱľã֪ڶ֮ȴδκһͨԻûӴӣ𾪵ģһӰ˿ܲãΪʵ
ϸɫв԰ףĶԶɽϾҪʧӴӰҧ֮¼׷ȥ
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ӰԾɽû˿ͣ٣ֱ̤ߣ֮£֮ǰýƵɽȴ
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ͬʱϸĿ¶֮âٶȻӿ죬ɽϳ£ת۾ٽ̤ɽС
ںͬХٽȴĿһɽ󷨵ɲǣһ٣δ̤ȥ
ǿ˴˵صǴڽϸˡ
ϸ󷨵˲䣬͵ת̧ǰһָ׷ĺɫȻ䵹ֱڵϸ˶ȥ
ţϸڵɽ֮̾â˸âĿк֮صľ
һӡǴӵϻûƮת۾ͻϸ⣬һƬէһȥȻ
ЩĹ˸ںγһɾ춯صĽ˿ֿ̱ȻЩϸĽ̷ĳϸˡ
ϷǺڻ֣ת֮¾ͰѴ˵֮ڣ޷ϸһϸ˵ƺߵͺȴĴ
һ̣ضɽҡǽϸ˵ŭԽӾ룬Ѫ˸֮ϣȻ뿪Σ֮С
һĻòɫٴδ䣬̾뵽˵ؽƱϸ˲ãȻձֲٿأôһɱ֣ͣ
˾ȻҲ֮ͨӿǰڱסϸˣĸ̺ܵȴûзƿ
ӱϷ˵ҲǺ£ֻҪɱģƿԿûأʱϷϤ˭Ҳҵĵңɱһڵʯ˾ϣһֱӴɽĽƹ֮±ûֱֺХȥ
к˸ȵľᣬʿ޷ԿΨ˻һˣߣɷһս
ӣǱ㲻⣬¿ͨٽһӣ֮ͷʱꪵĻӶЩ̵ֱʣ޷ٽ֡
¶׹⣬˵һץǰдѷ֣һץһѷɽɳ
˽ͨ徧ӫˮһ㣬ڳֵ˲䣬һɴοϢȻ߲ʽڻơ
˫ͫ
ʱһͺȣоһ˦˽̷춯صĺХֱ˲١
ʿһսܣ˫Ŀ͸ս⣬Ӳ˷ꪺɨоȻꪣֱǾɡ
Ϊģ֮ǰӡǣȻ˸ںϣʹܷԲǧڣʱϢ
⣬ꪵͨ


1193 Ѫսӣ
Ϊ֮ͨ⣬ǹͿ˾ƵĹ֮ﵱͿ˾ƺ󣬼Ϊ⣬Ψ޻꣬ʶһڣɽ壬ͼ꣬īɹ󣬴ΪԼ׼ĿǹһĹ
ֻǿϧͿ˾īʧܣҲʧ֮С
ӵõ󣬿ԷӴȴܿϵͨҪʹôչͨǹ
־ΪȲӣǹ侭һ֮ȫѪȫۣΪĹһ壬ʶ֣Էͨ
ꪻ֮ɣ˿̸ǳΪ֮֮ͨڣгǴο֮
⾧˲ӻõıнϸߵĴڣ˿óĿľǿٵնɱ֣ǾХ춯صĽɨ֮£ƺضҪһնѡ
˲Ǿٽ֮ص֮ͬʱſڣǾɡ
ͬʱҲһһڴŭȴǲδͷ˲صߣ»ꪡ
֮ϣо˸ȴǾӡϡ
ɫһ䣬ȴ֮ǰһָʱǰйâ˸ת֮±һ֣Щأֱ֡
ţڴѷһץоͳӣǰһףеͺȣ٣ߣ
ؼ߲֮âٴ۶ӿڣ֮صһ̱
˲䣬һӰû֮УӰģòȴһɽء
Ӱֱ̧֣һָһָ֮£߲֮âѸƶһƿص߲ʽֱ֡
һӱʱزԶǽһɽȻͳ˴ΧıһԼɴСʯˣɽ߳Ųϲʯͷ߲֮â֡
˿̣Ҳ˿ؼ߲֮âۣȻһ޴̣ã˿̷ɿתһɰ֮֡
ֱɱϣӲϧӣȻҪѸնɱڴˣüһ㡣ɫѪһƬüУѸپٴηɳһƬѪ⡣
ѪһԪӤһ֮ȴ֮ǰԪӤһһ
ԪӤХѪг֣沿ݵ
һж˲䷢ꪻصԵɲǣɱбٽΪﵽڣԪͨ뷨Уˡ
ɫƽսŨץǰֱһ˦ꪴźХֱǾ޴̶ȥֿв
ǰһָȴ߲֮âһɺڷڸǣڷǵأڴ֮٣ŭδɢһֱʩչ߲ʽģӰȥ
֮ǻִ꣬һӣؼ䷽ԲǧڣһεξӨˮûԼٶֱͨûХٽĽǷֳһֻʯˡ
֮Ȼǰȭǰһȥֱƿն߲ʽ
𶯣߲ʽɫȫΨһ֡
һ̾͸ܵһɷϢ˳ֱ۳ڣƺһǰһ㣬ſڱһâɳǰӡӡת̳һս꣡
ӣӣȫֱ֣ٵѪӤȥ
֮⣬дսǵشӷӡ߳ˣʿʿսû̾ʹܳһŰϢ
һĻĲӵѾ߹֣ȴû뵽δó̫ķǳֵ⼸ͨѰʿͷƤ顣
߲֮ʽڻصꪴźâǾ޴ڣȴھֻߴ֮ʱһƬ߲ʵֹ֣ǰС
ɵ⣬ϵرƽ
ͬվڰյģӰںŭУɢ
Զٵľ޴ʯˣڻͨУ㣬δٽȻΪһ޴ıˡ
ѪɫԪӤ֮ӵϹսĻ£Уȴ޷ֵעģӵս꣬˻˫Ŀ¶ãȻɱĲٿأûȥǴա
Ͼȥӵս꣬һȥ޴һץ̱ƾճһĻ·ץס硣
޾£һõĳǹǹǹ壬ǰݺݵһףǹͬƿǰһ谭ֱǾ޴̡
ָûκͣ٣ȥУ̧ºݺݵһǾ޴ƶʱһɺХƿָ˫ָ£Ѹٵֱϡ
Ԫ߲ʽӿ˲ڣһõľ޴ӡȻͳǰֱ·ӽ١
˫Ѫ죬¶ҧһѪһӣ沿ʱȴ߸ԪӤ˲ͷû߸ԪӤת֮£ڲǰһӡǻû
ӡǸһ֣ͻȻΪ֮һһеĹâӡմ
԰ѪԪӤ֮飡ӵͺ֮£ӡǹâȻ˸˿ӡ£ֱӡǶȥ
֮صӡ̱˲䣬һڷɳֱֶ̫죬ָûʱܣȻؿڡ
һһ˳ǵһ˹Ѫȴ졣
һץ̱һûĻһȦĿֱ꣬·Ӷȥ
ڴռһӣгһɢ߲֮âĶӣǽĻڶסǿĺ֮һһ
Ϸȥ̧ͷǰһӣ߲ʶֱȥⶤ̺һ޷ѹȻ˴ο
˲Ϣ䣬ǶӾһ𣬵֮ȻȻмѣһΪ
ȴ߲ʶ鿪ֱӶҼ磡
һɾʹ糱ˮϮӲɵĲͬʱܶϿǲȴ˸дӲؿڴ͸ƿ˵ϡ
Ѫ֮תֱǽڰɽȥֵӾҵĲУҼ֮ϵ߲ʶӺƿԶסԪǰһƬԺӸѸСۿҪָһ㡣
ҧ֮ĶŲѪԶĲӣ̧֣иӡǰݺݵظһģ
ӡƾջûؽгӡֱӣٽӵɲǣ˲֪ʩչʲôͨȻһƬ߲ӡ¾Ȼû߲֮ԪӶݣת۾ʧɽһˡ
Ѫӻзסϸ˵ĽƣѸ뿪ѪҼɫ԰ףӵһսܾˣ
յľ޴̣һ̣ƶ׷֡


1194 
ɫ԰ףûаѪɫΨѪ۴ĿģзǰսԶ۶ˡӵѪɫԪӤ֮ҲӶݣֵս֣˻
ǰģǰл˯ĸоʼȫҼ֮ϵĴʹģʹڻ֮Уǰĵ·ƳӰ
Ǿ޴ƶϿգ֮
伱ٵת֮£һŨŨѹ·۵֡ѹԽԽأӼΪġ
ʱͻȻ֮ڴת֮ٴμӿ죬յ߲֮âϣȻ߲ӡǴƯ֡
һΣɲǼɢΣ£ֺݺݵһҧ⣬˶ʱѣѵ˲䣬ӡǷĽ٣ֱ·ֶ
Щӡ֮ʱҧһץֺɨӡ꣬йһںХٽ
֮Ȼ𣬾춯Ѫ϶ദλþӡӡһغۼÿһӡһ
¶ֵԸˣԽΣԽɽǰԽ侲дз
侲񲢲ìܣ侲жϣΪ
ǣƱ׷ϣΪִõΣдڣѰ֣ν緭ƣ
ֳꪣĿз֮ɫԽŨ֪Լѵʱ䲻࣬ƵļأʱٴʶģҪƿ̣Ѱһ֮ء
ʱǼȣеȼս⣬ĿɲǾͻȫȻȸ˲ϢϣͬʱĿ׹˸ȻȴʹⷽԲǧɵĴ̳Ϊ׳ء
¡ߵâߣǧɴش֮ʯڵ±ǣƯڲĹܹ֮ұۣ֮ϣڡ
һ̣ؼȻһĵͺװص˴ӵһ𣡻˲ֵȸû˿ֲٿػֱ̣
ɲǣ׹䣬Ȼӵ𣬰գԶԶȥǧɴص׳أֵգγһɽ
׵γɵɽ
ɽ֮۷壬֣ɽϵ׳մӵ泹׵ɢ⣬һĻͷ·ְɽա
׻֮־ͬǱ׹𺣻ƵǣꪣһַķʽԼ֮·
ٶԽԽ죬֮ӡǲϸֵɲǣѸٽƿ֮Խǿң󼸺һƬ춯صĺ
䣡˫۳Ѫ˿Ӱڰ˲Ϣ侹Ȼŷݣ̱ŷݺһһԶԶ֮ǰǿϢֱ߲ӽ
ȸ֮ȻֵӰҫ۴Ŀֱ̣ԽԽ죬֮ϡ֮ȿն˷ĻصУתͨһ𣬺Ȼֱտʼֻѷϣ̣ЩѷͲϵطѣӴ̣ȫѷ졣
һķѣ
ƬܺɨɲǣһɫӰӱзɳͷҲԶ۶ȥʧ˴Ŀľͷ
Ӱɢ̱֮ԼƬȴ߲ʽ磬صϡΧĻɿۣһͷͷӸޣ뿴Ǿ춯֮ķ
߲ʽڣڶڵãȻߣʧȥͷʧߣһ̣ҲֹͣǰУ̧ͷãǴ֮ءľյͯӣ֮һ
Χһɽ֮ϣһصĶϥһ׳ɫ԰ףкɫѪ㣬͵˫ۣߴԶĺԼ
ˣǳ
ɽⱻֹסʱ޷뿪ͬʱҪӡǲϹϸˣ˿Ѫɫ¶ʣ˫ֲͼֿ˵صĽԶԶںϺȻֱ˴ˣͲٿأһÿʱỵܹ̈ʱȻˣԽء
ؼĺ¡֮ʣϸ̧ͷɲ
֮ص߲ʽ磬ǽһɽ֮ŭ˰㷭ڴ־ߣһֹͣૣһ٣̧ͷãȻȥ
ڣüӡǵľ޴ʯͷһ߲֮ڲԪϥ棬˫ϵˣ֮ʱ͵̧ͷ¶𾪣
һΣеסˣ
֣֮ǰܸ߹δ뵽ԷȻԼಮ٣һս֮¾Ȼ˲ңܾˣһսԼĵķӣӾͻдʹˮͬò絶һУ߲ʶȣڲӵĴʵ΢
߲ʶӣԪҪĸоռڣǿһıɱﵣó󣬾ȻûнǸ֮ɱԼʧȥЩɥڴˡ
֮Ӷݣ޷ս֮⣬ҪԭΪԷɣУԷӳͨ
һԷͿңңٿͨѶԷʬԪ룬Լƻָһоͻֵ
£ԶĺӦжϣȴòһ˳Ĭ
£˾ȻƿͨеһΣη
ڵɽ֮أʵϲ˵߲ʽڲģڸ߲ʽԵһƬûڵɽȣһɽڣƻɫ԰׵ϥһҶ
ּʶȻģҧ֮£ǿһ˿ǲǰ˫۽̤һɽڻķϵĶֻü򿪴ѷ죬Ůɳһͷ˵ϣԹȥ
֮ǰɱǮ֮ʱԲֽºߣ˿ֺ̳Ҫ̾Ϳ˫ĿգҰԣһ֮鲻ת
ʱһߴһͷȥʱ¶֮ɫڴѷУ֪Ůʬ˿ҵ
Ů䣬ϥԣĿòɨʱ˫¶ãһ˿ᡣ
æֺã֮󿴵ŮûзӦֻɷǣ̻һӣⶴػֻģȴǰֹ
ɷʲôÿģүүҷΣ棬ӢɢУʱ̫ҲһΡĳ̾¶Ǹпӡ


1195 ߲ʶ
Ů֮ջĿ⣬ãȻŨԼһЩʲôȴģĬ̧֣ģļǰһӣ̱һĹ˸ȻһƬ˶ڡ
ѣһĻɫΪ֮һƣȻҿַΪ졣
ֲûл̫ãʱ˫ۣĿڶʱһɨŮһۣȴûжԣϥ±Ŀ
ʱ仺ȥת۾ͱ졣
УһƬƽûа㲨˿߲ʽʿץʱһ㡣
ֵɫûлָԽӵĲ԰ףҼ֮͸߲ʹâ˿Ѿϣ˿µļǴ߲ʶȴĶĹͷڣʹùͷϵѣǿĻָȴ֮ϡ
ܶʼִı޾ľʹ
صǣ߲ʶӲڹͷϣֵԪҲƱסתήҲ
ҲͰˣȴ𾪵ķ֣߲ʶӾȻϵԼ·Լɣһ
ﵽʲôȻӵοϳ룡ֺʹǴο꣬һ·նɱΪϬ߲ʽ磬ȴǱϡ
ǲ׳ӣÿһŶ߲ʽٻͨΪĪ⣬ھȻһָžʹĿ¶˼
뵽սֺ̧ͷãһĻ
˵ضȻЩ
ĬƬ̣кһ
ǲҲȻˣӡֻԪӳ䱻ˣ˴ķֻҾָƣһɣ
˱ڣ̺֮ͨĽҪǼ򵥣ǿƿҲˣ
ƻӣ˱ͽı˷λ֪ģ˵ΣķҴ֮£ΪΣգ´Թ˲Ͼ
˾ǱƣΨڵĳǰ뿪˵;ܵͨɢ֤Ѿ
˵ˣһڱ˴໥ƣԸñűﰲȻ뿪ν˻ģк⣬һζıֻñ˼³Ŀ˸Ϳ͸һУʶŻ֣ʹƻӴλãס²֮һս
УҼٴδʹͷڳˮ¶֮ɫ̧Ҽһ̱һ˿ڳ֣Ѫ˿ڲ¶·ͷϣ߲ʶӣ
˲䣬߲֮â촽֣İɷǹȻɷǣԱ˺ݣԼҲˡ
ҧ֮һץ˿ڵ߲ʶӣͺݺݵһקʹ糱ˮĺɨƺȫˮ͸Ӳ¾Ȼ޷γ߲ʶӣ
ⶤӣͬĹͷһ𣬲ֱ˴ˣΪǣ߲ʶϵ߲ʹâȻ뵽˹ͷڣҲĹͷʹɫ߲ʡ
ɫ԰ף߲ʹâͷ˲䣬һƬģȻһ˿ļ
⼣󾡹Ƭ̾ɢȴֵ
ڸղŵһɲǣⷢļͲٿأ˵ӡԼԼһ
ٿҼ磬߲ʶСһ롣
Ķ߲ʶӣָоⶤȫʧԼĹͷױ߲ʣʱļһ˿á
⵽ʲôҼ֮ϵѪ⽥ϣƬ̺˿ʧڸס߲ʶӡ
ĬĬϵ˿ڣֱ˫ĿԪлתȻ޷ȡ߲ʶӣֱ㳢Ԫ֮Ƴ
ʱţֹ죬˫ۣΪֻѹƣȴ޷ƳҲͷе߲֮â˵ƳǶˡ
ѹƣûе·ҪҰ֡㹻İ֣ôӦÿ԰߲֮âˣѶӱƳֳĬпһ֮ǰʱµƿǲ߲ʽĿġ
ƿʶɢڣаƿɫҺ壬ѪȴûѪζ
ȡ˲Ԫ񣬴ﵽʲôһĿȻ⣬ӦΪйءƿڻվĿٴ˶ϣŮӡ

ŮӳĬ֮СһЩ䡭
򿪽ơһͷ
Ůߵԣ̧һģ̽ƻɢʧȥӰ
ûʣһ˦Ҫ˵ûüڣͱͬŮ봢ռ䡣
˶ҼľʹһζչٶֱԶȥ֮أ߲ʽڲɽɽΧ
ɽһֻֻޡ
ЩޣΪԼѰҵİ֣
ٶȷɿ죬дһɽȣ˳ԭ·ȥ߲ʽΧɽе̧ͨͷʱĿ˸ͨɽϣŨŨ
ϸİеļƻһĿ¶ᶨ֮ɫоΣգܱƳ߲ʶӣһжֵ
ҿҵĹжǿһһֱɽ嶥ȥ
δٽһڴһͷɴСľӥһ˸˻ֱ֣ӥ档
̫죬ת۾ٽž޴ĳ֮£ӥһˣײ֡û㣬ֱӲ
һһӥѸٽӽײһ𣬺֮Ȼӵŵŵźˣӥ޵ײ֮ûа㻯⣬ȫ뵽ҲĹͷ֮ϣ֮£ʱڵĹͷе߲֮â˸Ȼ͸ƤԶԶȥ˿̵ֱ߲֮â֡
ӥŭͬײɣڰһȦٴγ
𶯣ȴûͣ٣ٴγֱȥ˿Ӱ޵ŭɽ֮ȴһͷɴСӥ޳֮ͬǰͷһֻӥâֱ֡
֮ϴȫƱɽײɫԽӲ԰ףѪ£˫ĿȴԽԽ
ֻ޾ʮףײ֮ǿ˿죬Щײ֮ȫ뵽ҲͷϣƴˣҲҪ߲֮âƳ
߲֮â˸ңֵַʽ£ͺñֻӥްƳ߲֮һ㣬߲֮˸нҼۡ
ڹ˸ͷӥ˻вϵչԽأѪɫȴ͸ϲ
ֻҪûһƶɶʱָˣ˵Ҳ޷ֻҪܱƳ߲ʶӡ
˿Ѿܳܵٽ磬Ҳ߲֮âѾȫҼϣ»߲ʶӡ
Ĵ֮£Ƕɶȥļ
ʱɽ嶥ٴδֻӥ޷ɳһɫĳֱ֣ݺݵײؿڡ
һǾ޴ĳ֮ʹ˵̺ƽҪһ㣬˫ȴ¶ϲЦҼ紦һѪһ߲֮âɳڣ߲ʶӣ


1196 ˾ī
һץס߲ʶӣӽǳ֮ۺˣɽ֮£Ϸͷӥ޺׷âٽ
ֲ˼ǰһ壬ֱӽ뵽ͨڣȫʹֱǰȥ
ǻâӥڶߣȴû׷ͨڣǻ¶Űӣ֮󣬲Żߣ»ɽ嶥
ͨУѰһ֮ϥ£ǰôƺóҩ£
أ֮ǿ⣬Ļָ֮ʱƱת
ûȥϥԭأϵתڹ֮ɢȫλã˵ͬʱԪȫ
û߲֮ûκָֹֻ
ʱѸţתֹ죬˫Ŀڵͨҫվӣһ£ƼѾȫתԪҲήңԪȫָ
˿̵ٴδﵽ۷塣ǲûˣҲһս
һͨǱ鲼ɽ֮ء֮ǰðճԣһ֮ϳһöɢ߲֮âĶӡ
ڴ¡ӵйʹ߲ʶ޷̽ȫͷ߲ʣӶ˷ļ󣬺롣Ϊʹð˽ⶤӱƳ
һУκһʿ޷Ϊڣ޹߲ʶ£ҲҪ޵ɡ
ǵУһ֮²ƿҵֱӶڹͷϣ赲һ£ⶤӿԴ͸ͷ߲֮˲ȫڡֶ߲ʶӣʶɢϣԼӡ봢ռڡ
νһʧһãϣȴõΪ߲ʶӣΪպɱﵣдڣʿסҲҪɣ
һץӴѷóӵ²ŵָĴָϣ֮ѣ߲ʽڣҲһ
óһǶڲ¹ϵĶ̽ϧϷӡֵΪ޷򿪣Ƭ̣㱻
óģǵԲӵѪɫԪӤСˣԪӤһήңȻ˸ͺ
ﵹҲȤſһԪԪӤֱ£Ԫڼ￴ԪӤǷʵЩ죬ֲ֪ȴ
ԪĨȥϲӵӡͿɳΪ֮ʱȻоһ
սǲܾˣʧ󣬵ջȴҲСƿҺ壬߲ʶӣѪɫԪӤˮһӣ֣һ֮£ƮһˮС
Ŵ˽һɴοϢɢܱȲȴҲѰ
һĿһӲϵڶ౦ֲѲ³߲ʽڶȻӵдķ֮ǲϵķ˵йأӣȻٻͨ
һأӿԻЩҲԡպĽսʵϾǿ˭ܻ뵤ҩ˭Ϊ촽һΣֱǰɽȡ
һĿ꣬ӵ²żڣ˾īĶ
ӵ²ŵļУ˾īĶǷֺ󣬲δ״򿪣ֻǿһ֣׼һ޻ƳɵҩΪȫƿ˾īĶ
һδ򿪣Ķְӵ²żе·ߣһɽڴٶ죬ȴûдκһơ
˵ؽΪ鲼ɽڣо󲿷ֵĽƶѾжҲѾտա
һһɽͣ˵ɽȺѰ˫ȴɭ֮⴫
ⳤӲݣнƱƻĺۼӵ²żУ˾īĶ
Ĺ۲һǰȥٽɽ֮ʱŲһ٣Ŀ¶֮âƬ̺нƻûǰһӣǰ
Ȼ䣬ɽһ𣬷һŻĻǰ˺ѱɢ
ǰ˱仯ԭ糣ɽȣͨΪɫӲȫɢȡ֮һƬɫڴҲб仯һɫĹĻֹ֣һǰߡ
ɽϣƣһֻãƾƽ⣬Ҳ޷Ķڣӵ²ŵ֮ǰƽģһ㡣
УĽ裬ȴǿ˶ߣּʹõڶƳ֣¶ɽȵݡ
ǹĻϲ¶ЦĻ֮ǰȡƿ֮ĽĻһ½
ַڹĻϣֳ˼Ƭ̣ڽƵ˽⣬ƴڵ£Ӧ˽ܱ꣬Ȳƿ֮صĽĻҪƽ⣬ȴǼΪѣǲϧķǿк俪
ŹĻֳ˫Ŀһ¶⣬һ̳һöĴ½õ˾ī֮
Ĵ½õ˾ī￴˾īĶȤɫĪ⣬¶ϲŭ
򣬻Ļڣһ˲䣬ͻȻĻҵĲƻصеۣյһȴ޷ƿĹĻȻΪɢһͨеѷ졣
Ŀ˸гŲ뵽ѷڣȥ֮ѷ£ɢָ糣
ϳһƬãɫɽٴγΪѰĺɫڸǣӲݻûһУǰһһˡ
ӹĻڴ͸չǰģһƬ͵ݣɽȲԼɴСֻܵɽȱϣоŸڣÿڶʯŹرա
ɽȵĲݵϣһߺǣ⺡ϥǰĹȱڣͷǵ£ʳָڵ档
ǰö
ĬĬǺǣ˫ͫ⺡ȫͷ͸߲֮ɫɢ΢Ĺâ
ߵԣֶӣϸĿǺǼۣϵһöʶ̽ڡ
û뵽ҾȻֻصһ꣬ʦ廹ڶͬţҪҵǴصĿռѷ졭ռѷ죬ɢ߲֮âʦúϲʺ磬ӦΪȡʺ䡭
ǽѷ죬µ֮СֻǸʱҶһУûκε֪
ǽǿµĴڣ֪һ磬ƺǿԻ졢ٺӡ飬ľ޴أ
ֻǣһжˡֻȥϣˡʦҸϳɣ֪ûа취ͬһȥãƺڣЩҿ־塭ΪǸܡ
û뵽Ǿ֮ʱٴγˣӱһȦգҪصһ޷ȥˡô˵ģŷ˵ġ


1197 
ʶϸɨ
ѾȥꡭʦˣҲˡǳΪʧߣƮҡãšǰҿǣѾʶң˹ȥҲȥҪ취
ĵ꣬ҵһöһֳ֮ΪµĽƣұҪѧᡭ
ʦˣȥ˴˵˵һںڴ˵صĵʮһꡭ½
ȥ˶áӦʮˣ־ߵĹٴ٣ҷУʦ塭Ǵʦܣʦܡ
½ڱһɽڣͬţһ½󣬾ʦԼԪӹ˴󷨵ºۼǰҴӦĺǣͻڡҴӦˣֻǣô
½󷨣ػɽȣΪҵļҡǣȴûҵҵܰеģֻһϤףΪİ
ҲܼҪ취Ҫǣ
ֳĬ̧ͷһǰĺǣݣ˽ˡĿڵڶöϣʶɢڡ
һˣûаҹ㲻׼ȷʱ䣬ֻͨ½󷨵ǿжϣӦһˣֻôоƹȥǧꡭʮԻˡܲסһ档
ߵˣһǳΪʧߣǳΪ־ߣֻʣʮԼʦˡ֪ˣǳͷɣҲģİ
죬һԶҲ޷ǵһգ˵صĵһʮ꣬ߣһγˡʦ壬ߡ
ˣֻʮˡ뵽һһ԰ǾȻķһҪȥԣʮܣ߳ɽȡ
ҴʧУ˶ʦʦܣгΪʧߵͬšҽ˴˵ɽһƬҵ˳Ϊ־ߵʦʦܣǴ˻ȥ˴˵֮ĵ·ҺϤ
ҵ˶ʦ壬˻
ˣķ򣬶˵һУã˵ö
Ѿٶ꣬ȥĵطҶѾȥˣҷһӣӾȻԷӡߵͨҲ֪ﵽʲôΪ˾ʦ壬ұ˾󲿷ֵطѰҵһЩ
ҵĴν˵֪֮ʦЩǿߣӷӡ˵ͨڡѰ꣬ҵʦ塭ֻǡû뵽ȻҲʧˡһ߲ʶӣڡⶤӺܹ죬ھڻ
˳ģһصɽȣҵʶɢһַͷϵظУⷢͷҪɱǰһ顭ֻ֮Ψһ飬ʮܡ
Ұʮܸϳɽȣҵ޹ǵ뿪ɽȣʮٽʮˡɽڣŹ߲գȴշ١
ʦܣʦԼеͬţһѣҵ򣬱֪˵صһ
УǹŹֵʯ飬Ѽܶ࣬棬Լһ˿ߣЩʯ鲢ȻǱ˼ǵĴСԼأһһûа𡭡ںܾúܾ֮ǰﲻϵͨһʯ顭
ҵʶԽԽģˣȴָоһҵԪ񡭡Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһ̣ʶȻѣһͷиֳӦôҳɹˣҾͲᷢһᡭ
ҵʶƺ뿪һƬǿաˡһˣһ۵ӣüһԲӡǡ˵֣𡭡
ɫ԰ףʶ˺󼸲еǺǣĿ¶޷֮ɫ
𡭡ֲ֣İɵضڣ֪˽֮УһǿĴڣΪ
ֻʱоΪĴڣƺԼңԶһʱǿߣڣѾȥƾõ¡
ֻǣû뵽ƺ߲ʽڣɽȵУȻһοйϢ
˫Ŀвɵĸֳˮս£ޣֵһһʿ
˱ǽ֮ӵĳ֣Լᱻߣ
߿Ӻ󣬳ƺΪ֮𡭡˫ۣغһڴöڻõϢзһ㣬þ޷ƽ
߲ʽйأйء߲ʶڣȷʹ˷Ҫɱһ顭ˮʦ˵ɽδǰչشȴͻȻ񣬾Լ֪ԭ򡭡ͬǷ񣡣
ȸʥ˵ˮʦȥ˺ٴη񡭡棬̺ʲôأһĪĹ
ӡˮ˾ī𡭡ֳĬ
֮̾һӵĿ˾īĺǣ˺ûа㱻ƻĺۼ˵˾īգûз
˼Ȼûзôһйصͷɹˣ
û뵽ڵ귢ֵǴռѷ졭Ҳ޹ǵֵĵطֻ޹Ϊλ⡭ĪǴ˵ʮܣ뿪ʶŻʹ͵³ƺڡ
д˵˭˵ڱ֪ռѷ죬֮ԴǣԲҵ˾ī󣬾Ȼڴ˵ֿǸصüģһУ֪Խ࣬ԽǸоã
̧ͷɽȱǾŸɽʯյĶһΣһ֮⣬ɽʯĿ˸ַ֮棬Ԫһ¡
Ȼк֮صȴɽʯԻƶˡ
ⶴɽʯ򿪵ɲǣһ¸ζⶴֻʮɴСڰһƬâ˸ƯʮӤȭͷСӡ
ÿһϣһķӡǣʱ˸ֻ˸֮Ҳǻɫϸ鿴Ѳ
ڿӵһ˲䣬һ̾ϳǲʩչٻͨӣ
ݹȻΪ棡˫ĿһץȥһץУʶɢϸĿȥһ֮£ɫȻ䣡ڶߺ¡
֮ǰóչʱٶȼ죬Ҷ֮вģֻĿɨûϸϸ鿴Ļᡣ
桭


1198 ҩ
Ԫ𶯣ֱĶеӣӵһ˵ῴ۴СأϢһһ
Ψһͬģ沢ûͼֻģӡ˸
ǹŹֵʯ飬Ѽܶ࡭Щʯ鲢ȻǱ˼ǵĴСԼأһһûа𡭡ںܾúܾ֮ǰﲻϵͨһʯ顭лص֮ǰݣӣӼƽ
ЩǷӣںܾ֮ǰͼ桭ֱ˫ۣ֮͵
ƣ˶Ȼۼ棬пչ棡üģĿ˸
ôȻҪ桭ˣĪҲ𲻳ɣɫָоԼ⣬ڲ֮󣬶Ȼн
֮Ѿ֪ҵĴڣϾǽߣδһ˿⡣
Ĭ˰죬ִһ˦ʮȫһһ鿴֮£ЩڶзڣȻѾԷӡͨ
ЩӾʧƷҲĶʧܵӣ֪ʲôԵʣԷӡֳͨЩӡ봢ռڡ
Ŀһ䶴Ѱһκη֣˳ȥ
һһУһɽѹ£ɫΪ뵽֮ǰһսʩչͨٻ֮飬ȴ뵱ǽ֮˼Ϊơ
ӣʲôݣ߳½Ļ߲ʵգȻȻ뵽ˣ֮ʱǽ磬Ҳ߲֮â
ԽǽӴ˽Խֶ࣬ڴ˵رԽãء
ĬĬջĿ⣬˵ڶ䶴ɽʯһ˦£򿪣¶˶֮ء
һ޴ĵ¯ռⶴһ룬ܶѷŴҩݣֻ󶼸ɿݣԱ߻һ
Ѿȥ˺ܾõ£Ҳ˴Ļҳǵ¯ҲһĨºۼ
һһ򿪴ֶݣЩڣȫҩģ֮࣬޷
˳䡣
䶴ɽн£ȴ½ϸã˫нƻûһһɽʯϣ֮صɽʯ𶯣ƿ
УһԲε󷨣󷨱ԵԪʹʼձתϿƯҩƿڣԪ֮
˿󷨾ܻתܵԪȴǺܾû滻ѾкܶΪ˷ǿתѡ
ҩƿǰȥһ۵󷨣û̺һ˿½ĺۼܲ࣬ʹô
Ҫǣֿ󷨵Ķߣ˱ڵҩͣڵһ̲ϴ⣬з֮ãǿп̾ͻڵҩ
üͷϥһԣδȥ¶Ƕ󷨣˫Ŀ¶֮â˫۹âԽ̧һץ̱ӴռڷɳһöԪ
ԪһԪͱԪӿֶ֮ȫٿأԱĵһָȻԪȻڡ
ջӶУǵϵԪתγһһɴС󷨡ţһ£󷨱ֳһϸߣ˳ŵⶴڵĵҩһ
ЩĿһѸٵ뵤ҩڣֱҩƿץȥ
һɲǣⵤҩͻȻǿ⣬ⶴͬʱһɻԵϢҪҩƿ̣ԵϢȴǶһ£ֻڵǿƱһ㣬˳ӵϸߣӿڡ
һٵ˲䣬ȻץסƿѸ˳
ȥת۾뿪ⶴɽڵĲݵϣϥ£Ŀҩƿϣ
ղżΪðգ˿ĲҩƿͻɢڵҩҲȫΪС
˾īͬµĵҩ˴ţȻǼΪ֮촽˵һҩƿ
һҩ棬ҩƿɫҩҵ޻겨ɢܣʹԪ񶼱ס
һ˫ָסǰϸȥ
ʮһ׵ҩϳƬ̺ڶҩƿһھƮƬֳݣһһף໥ƣշɢƮڰա
ڣֱһŵҩ
ʮ׻Ƴ굤˫Ŀ¶ϲʮһ׵ҩֻƾоϣʮ׻ɵĵҩȴƺڼΪټصʶһ۾ϳ
굤֮ԺΪ˻ûԪ棬ץĻ
촽Ŀһҩƿϣʶɨ޷ڶߣƬ̣ذγƿڵľҩƿոմ򿪳һѷ˲䣬һ޷ĲĴǰһ˫޷ţʶȴܵľ
ԶԶĳʮޣ춯أһ𣬺ԥ̰ҩƿٷһжǵʯɣҩƿɫ԰ףƬָ̻ҩƿĿء
ʮ׵ҩҩƿֻ˵һҩƿе¯Ķ
ʮһ׵ҩΨΪڲſԷ£ĻԪ޷֮ԿֻԪɢ̵³һ㣬ƺʿ֪ҩɰ⾳輫Ϊ
ֵʵΪ׳ֻǾڣʮһ׵ҩ޷̷ֱʶҪٴ
ڵ¯ڶڣֳ꣬ۻһ̱лǾ޴ĵ¯֮ڣ¯һϻûһƬӡǣת
óһʮһ׵ҩַ뵤¯ڣһģʱǵ¯汩ڲϵ
ƺʿҪյһַҪǰѸ߽׵ҩ֮ɢķ뵤¯кܴĹ¯ԽãҩЧɢԽ١
֮ʱ߲ʽ֮ԶԶĳ˲֮أΪŨǵأʹ˿ܵһС
һ̳УһƬģ˿̣̳֮ͻȻйâ˸âȻ͸ܵʹ⻺ƶ¶һƬտ
һ೤ѷ죬Ϣ̳ϳ֣ѷԵߣ˺Խ󡣴߳ˣ
ƺʿͬӹģǵüУһӡǣǰӣü̺һ磬ˣһüӡǣһˣüһͼڡ
㷢ֵĿռѷ죿üӡǵ꣬˿ܣ¶һ˿˷ܡ


1199 ŵ
߲֮ʽһ̣ϥʯͷĲӣ߲£һ𣬰Ԫ񳹵װ
һ˿˿ɫµĵ߲ڣԪϡ
أʵȻ۳ɢ߲֮âе˸üУһۼ֡
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ƵϷ򲻵ò߳һ˳ϷĲΪˣһԾȥ˻һ磬ֱǰۣת۾ʹ͸ɽȥ
ı߲ʶˣûҲȻ֮ʣǲ֪ײҲ޷ϷҪ֪緭ƣЦǰһץдѷ֣ڷɳһӡ
٣ߣҧһѪϣ߲֮âת۾ͱˡɲǣһɺƵ֮ȴһ֮Ӱģĳ֮䡣
֮˿òһ˫۾ȴ͸һ飬ӲĿڣ֮ȫض֪Ĵ
ģģӰ
ģӰ˫ۣ֮󻺻ӡһԺӲļһ棬ǻüͷһ壡
˾īĶ֮»ƿⶴĽƣӳƬ̣Ŀкһֱǰߡ
˾īɽڣֲδȫϣһµһĲ˴Ľƺ󣬸˶ΧŴ򿪴ռ䣬ųޡ
ӸΪˣɳ˫Ŀڿʱ¶ᶨͨ˿Ѿֵ֪ļƻ˻һ
ĬƬ̣һӣ붴֮ڡ
㹻Ԫ£óƺһ·õĴ޻꣬ȡĪ޴½ɵı޻꣬붴ڣȡԪⶴڵĽϣѴ˵ط
嶾޻ķʽǿ޵ʵʹɱΪǿ֮ΨſԲٿط֮ɽڵĴޣʶڶɢĿôűŰϢһͷͷ޻꣬ϵɱɡ
ͬʱ˵صԪŽ󷨵תŨŨԪڡ
ⶴһʶʱ̹עֳĬһᣬȥ˵¯֮ء
ڵ¯ԣϥ£ϵزٿػ棬ҩʱ仺Ĺȥת۱ȥ죬¯ڻ潥ɢҩ
ɫƽǰһץⵤ¯ǺȻ𣬴ɢʧһ̲ɫҺƯڰա
ʱЩҺֱֶСƿڡ
ֿһɽĽĻһСƿڽɫҩҺһСڡҩҺ壬ʱͻһתȫжߺƴһ޺ֱ˫ۣƽĬĬĸҩ޻ص
״̬£ȴʱ䣬׷Ѱع֮У·Ϊһͷޣ
׷ѰУӡ֤⾳ǲӵ޻ڣֺһͣϵطһ
ֵ⣬ܵĻƳŤ˱仯仯ԽԽ죬ʹһжòʵ
ãٴСƿһڣǲϵѰ֮УأĵԽԽࡣ
룬ѡһ޵ĸ򣬽ʹΪĺȴǻʹõĻң⾳ϾԼ򣬶ǽ޻ãΪֲȥҪ
Ҫģ޻вϵӡ֤٣и
ȡģ޻ڣһ˿˼޻еľ裬˼Ϊģ̺Խ࣬ԽǿʹͻƵȽףջΣ
ʱţһƿҩҺѾȫ£ĸڼŤ仯ӿɽڣ˿ĻңΪɽڵŤУ̺̫̫ضַĵ
޼ٲ棬١٣ʵûбҪȫֿڶҩƿһڣ˫Ŀ¶򣬱۾ӡ֤
أ޾ɽԽԽ࣬մ͸˽ĻɽǻʹɽڣŤı仯
һĻǿģɵϵʿڿһĻ˲䣬Ĳ˵̺ĵÿһع
ֻǣ㿴棬ϸȴֻ֣ᷢԭǼ٣٣ѷ壬һȥԨһ㣬޷
ӵĵԽԽ࣬ת۾ͰѷԲǧ֣ʹô˴ضŤ
ɽڵ֣ƿҩҺҲȥȴһУ޾УѰԼĵ
ϡ䣬нֳһģૣ
־֮٣뿪һִǰãȡˣӡڤ֮ߣຣʧС
֮ߣຣʧ仰ϵشأɽⲵӵĵԽԽ࣬ǧɲϵɢɣʮɣС߲ʽ硣
˾īɽǧɴɫΪ԰ףĶǰȴһѾǵڶˣûǰУо͸ܵ˴˵شڵ޾ӵ
Щͷ·һ޴У԰һ⾳սһķ뵽ֵӡ֤֮С
ٵ⾳ֵĵڶα仯׷ѰģȻͬΪߵ⾳
Ѫɫϥڵϣȶ񣬲ϵصֿܲӵε˿ûз֣Զһûκͷ˫ĿãʧߣŴ˵ػ
ǲ죬ÿһ̤ȴسɴ磬ܿˣûٽվãȻǰͬŵһ㡣
ԶЩֻƯε־ߣȫƮڵɽƮ֮Ҳ촫
һУڵɽΪģһ߲ʽĵ֮չɽⱻַĲӵԽԽ࣬ģ߲ʽ磬ƶŤ
ʧŵ˫ĿԽãĿֱǰϡɼһεĵա
־٣Ʈڰգƾ૵һֹ̣ͣˣɽȣȫ˫ۣڸֵĵ
ΧЩʮ׻ޣ˿Ҳ״лһͷͷӸޣûзκ߲֮â۶ɽİգЩ־һ𣬸ֵĵ


1200 ɢ
ʲôǵ
ֻأѭ֮䣬ÿһĵߣ˼ת䣬һĬĬŵССʿһ·ߵڣȻǿ֮Уֱ仯ĳɳ
ֻУʶһδΣѰʹ⣬УΪߡ
ն£ͷ̤죬֮·͸η壡һУֻ⾳ִֵ˼롣
Ϊ˼룬ʶŻǿ󣡵زʣ֮֮ԻԲʹ˸⣬ʩ飬ѭޡ⣬ѭ浸أ˳֮·
·ֲ룡
ֵ֮⾳ڵһɱ󣬱ͬеĴ壬˼˶ηε׷ѰС
ѭˡ͸򣬿˹ؼһԲ׷ѰУֵ̤һ۷壬˼һδмᶨ˵ģ˸εĵУȻͬ
֮죬֮죡ڱУش󣬲֪ͷģããѰ٣ֿصľͷѾص㣬򣬵ǹʵϾһҪģ¯֪ģ֮⣬Ǻε硣
ߵһ֣⾳Ȼ˼ޣͬٻ÷¬ƴԲȦʵϣԼҲȦڡ
ֻǣصĳ֣ӵӵУʹԲ֮ٴγɱ䣬⾳ʼٵıԴ
֮ǸεĸѰ֮˸ûʸȥȻǴıԵٽһֱָģ
⾳ߵһʿûУֻ̫١⾳Ϊͬȵ⾳ͬҲΪ츲صĲͬ
׷ѰģǴڣ˵Ŀ꾡ܿһ£ʵϣ⾳ĸľͷʵѾ˵Ŀꡣ
ʮһ׵ҩҩҺȫ£ĸûнڼǰѷһƿƿҩɳЩҩڰˡšʮ׾С
ȴʱ䣬һδεУһſŵҩδ£Щҩٽһɲǣ̱޻ʱͱγɵУӡ֤
ӵĵԽԽ࣬ٴɢ
ɽЩʧߣã˫Ŀһ˿ɣƯڰյ־ߣõӽʵʵĸо
Щʮ׵ޣŵ治١
ӿסķ籩ڣʱ㸲ɽĵԽԽˡ
߲ʽ磬ƶűַĵ֮Ť˼߲ʽײ
֮£߲ʽ֮Ҳˡ
ڲϵУֵ񣬽ƮԼڵɽȣɽϥԼǰһҩ٣һһ
ɢɽΪģȥЩ־ߣɨɲǣһ
ЩʧޣˣǲӣҲǵĺȻ̮ɫ԰ף¶ãȻ
һУû˿Ȥ񲻶ϵɢΧһɽڣһϥ׳׳˿˫Ŀ¶֣ǰſ˵
һֱȥ׳ûдлָ
ֵΧһڵĶȥǽһĻɽ֮ڣֻ·;УɽɽһƬںһ󷨡
ڣĿɫ԰׵˿̵ĻңȻ˷ѵļòѸٱ仯ʱϣʱɣʱꡣ
ûʹͣ٣ȥ뵽˻ɽڵСŨŨ˿޷ֹڣĻɽ塣
½ͬ޷ֵֹʹ룬һɽڣһΨһʯʯ֣ȴһɲɣ
ֻУǲɣɢʯ·һ
ӣȥ˵ڶ½ɽ壬ɽľ޴ʯ񣬿ɽжΣһ޴ʯţʯһӡǡ
͸ʯţһ߲ʹâƯÿһ߲ʹڣһӡ޻߽꣬׿ʼһֱʮףȫС
ǿⶴڣһòΪƵŮһϥ붨ֻӣȴڲϵز
ֻɽڣһĿռ䣬ٴηʯǷʯ£߲ʶӶסİߺǡ
һ˲䣬׵ıǺ˺鱻µһַ֮ϡ
ԭž״̬ʱң˾ҵı仯ںϣһͬؿģһζλ֮ǰлص
С
ֵڲв֪ȥ˶ã̺ãȻ뿪ԶɢƬ֮أһν뵽߲ʽ֮
ͬҲֻΪŨȻ޷ֵֹУŹ꣬üͼ֮ˣ
˵غأҸоģܸܵϢüӡǵл˵
üлӡǵ꣬üͷɫƽ˵ȷ죬ܸойٻи֣ھȻҪ뿪Ĵ
ӡǵ꣬ĿܣĿ˸Ҫ˵һɲǣͻȻɫһ䡣
ֵ񣬴ɨһ˲䣬üӡǵȻһкüӡ˲Ϣҵ˸
Աüӡǵ꣬ӲкʲôֲȷѪɫˡ
Ϊ𾪵ģüлͼڵ꣬ɨɲǣȫ˲ͺʧȥһһ޷ݵľηȫüĵĻͼڶʱȼ·Ҫճɻҽ
ָоֻɲǾɢȥʹ಻١
ã໥ۣ˱˴Ŀе𾪡
ǿ񣡡üӡǵ굹
˵ضȻһȸ棬ղ֮Ȼ棬Ļҵڲ˱仯üлͼڵɫ԰ף˫Ŀȴ¶̰
ΨһˣüӡǵʼճĬп־壬ڸղɨɲǣһԸȥجΰĳٴθֳ
Īǡܣôһ
ǿҵǴ򿪷ӡֵҲδûлᣬλһ֮üлͼڵ촽˵


1201 ػ
ֵɨԶأٴοһɽ壬ɽʣûκνƣҲԶԶɢƺҿ
ֵ٣Ҫ̽ɽɲǣȴǴɽںȻͳһɼΪǿʶʶȻһײ
ĺȻԭã˼һɲѹ
ܾûп˾⾳ˡһɭɽдһɸΪʶɽںɨֱ֡
һ˲䣬ɫ䣬߲֮âƺΪ֮ˣʶڰջһֻ֣ݺݵһץ
ץɲǣֵ̼ٵܳ˴ãضһģ
֮ͬʱһ׷ߴɽڷɳգһֱ֮ӳ̧ǰһġ
֮ص𶯣̱ɢ
ҲϷǰʩչȻ°ɣ⾫⾳ȵĹЩ־߰ٱ
˵ţԽٽ̧ƿڸգץȥƷ̺һɼʹŤбѸ
ȴؼ䣬õӰߣһﲻǰһ˦Ȼ߲ʽбַĵһɲǺȻ˷ֱֶ
۶̾ͽ߲ʽʹյ߲ʹâΪ֮һɲǣ۵ĵȻһΪµĳ̶ȡ
һ˦Щγһ޴Уɨ֮ץһ٣ɫ¶ء
¸⾳ɢʶ˵УģȫԶڶವӵ½Ӱܵķ
߶Ӱ˫ͫδͨȻ۳˶Ĳӵ
ĬƬ̣ߣ˵ֻһΣ²Ϊһ˦صɽڣʶջء
ӺˣĻ£Խأ˲Ϣͻصɽ֮ڡ
Ƭ̺˫ۣĿâִԼ˵ãֱչȫػ
վӣ̧һָȻĵХɽڣָ۶Щ߲ʽںХأϵ£ֵ֮ϣһɫĹš
֮꣬ʱбĵȫǺɫĹڣ˿̣ɽЩʧ˫Ŀٴ¶ãɢȥЩ־ߣ֮һ𣬽Ʈߡ
Щʮ׵ޣҲƻָѣ뿪ת۾ͣɽһУָɫ԰ף󼲳۶ˡ
һץǺɫĹͷ㴫֮һɫľʯģžʯϸĿ˼ۣҩڷĵһ伫ǿķʿǱĵҲı
ػʲôĿ¶ڴ˵֮ߣĹͷȻ˼ɣʶûг֣Ϊﵽڣȴɽ崦ػͼıʲô־Բš
ʿһû뵽Ȼüͷ
˵ؼȻйأô˳ҲͿˡ̧ͷգһƬƽ˫Ŀģ̺֮
⾳ڿǺϾĵһ̣ͻˣֻһʱۣΪɴﵽڡĿɽ½Ļϣ˳ȥ
Ļƻصֵӳ˹⣬˲ķĿһӰ磬ǰȥ
ƻָȻҵ֮˺ǣһξӵƿڵҺ嵽ʲôҲڴϡ뿪ķҲҪӴԪѳк˸׷ᡣ
һ·ۣɫԽӲ԰ףгŭΪԼƻָɱֵ֮ҲƿϻЩ鷳ѣҲû뵽ԷӰṳ̂ǧ֮ڣ̾ԼĵģʹЩ
Ƿɽ޾ӵ֮Уͷ·ŭеĹۣΣɨʱ𶯣µԷڷŵһ̣⾳Ϊߣ
һ뵽ӱ⣬ڶԷΪû֮ʱƴһҲֻԷܾˣڶԷΪͻƣսĻԼɣ
Ŀɬֱŭ׼ô꣬ȴòϣԼʧˣûصأǼִȥ
İ¶ĺޣ֣Ȼ޲⣡
˻ѪԵӣȣҲ֮˻ᡭˣˣɫŤŭȼգģȴǱΡ
ϷҪ˾ǣҪȫߣϷ뿪߲ʽ磬Ѵ˵س׷ȥ߲ѷ죬ǴӴ֮óȥֻˣɽϷ֮ޣ˵ɱӵ²ţȻҲѻ꣬򲻿ɺ֪˾īڡӵòҲ֪뿪֪ģֻϷ֪Ķѣ
ǣõɣ¶Ӽ۶ߣֱΧȥ˳һ֮ǰ߹ĵ·뿪ĵطۡ
·ΣΪϤǵĻʧߣٶȿԸ졣
֮Уȴһ͵ػͷֻԶֵӰ˸һɱ֣ʹòһ
̼ӿٶȣǰС
ֶŲӵӰ̧һʱйöĿ˸ңңһָӡ
λһȻԶйâ˸â˲ĿŲʧӰ֮λ̵ߵ
ֻоǰһѹʱɫ䣬λöԵûаͣ٣ֱӶȥŶԷͻͨҵɲǣ̾˾롣
̧ǰһѸֱ㣬ȻаԪ¡¡٣һɷĳֱӶȥ
һжڵʯ䷢Ĳ˼飬ӸǴδϵ־ȻַӦʱǰԪȻٽ
ͫХһ沿Ťȴ߸ѪɫԪӤûٵüģӡϣӡȻɢĿ֮âûֱǰԪȥ
֮춯أԶһɽ嶴ڣڳ߳ӵһս


1202 ֵ
ǰֵһսʱ֮ת۾ֱԪȥ֮˲Ϣһ
˷صϣԪȻɢ紩͸ֱֶ˫Ŀһ̧ǰݺݵһ
֮תͳһ޴ĹӰӰӴޱȣȭͷӳһȭ
ƿ֮̾ӡһ
ɫ䣡ӡһ֮£ʱ̺֮ȴǻֽ١
¶񶾣־ǿֺͨ޲
׵硭¶ĿȻһüĳһУȴ̫Ԫսٵһ

̫ʹ֮ȨУĿ˸ȫʹܷԲȻΪ׳ء
սٵһɲһ٣շӿ⣬׳ںϣޱ޼ʵ׹
׹Уͬɣ
֮£޾Ŀ۶ȥ
һĻĲɫ԰ףĿɿڴ
ԶĳͷڳˮѪɫг𾪡
ûͣ٣˵֮Ŀ˸ھȻҲһĺۼֱӻû֮ǰӵĹһһһ缲ֱۣӡ
̺ˣ˫沿߸ԪӤȫɳƬѪ⣬ѲӰڣͼֿ磡
ĿһΪ˵û⾳ͻƣȴ֮иͨΪǿ󣬱֮ӵһսʱȻͬ
ɲǣһץ̱дѷǰ֣ɢ߲֮âȴ߲ʶӣУǰһף
߲ʶӻ߲֮âԼٶȣźХֱӡ
ǰѪ⣬ֱӳѪڣʱѪƷڣڴ¡¡֮֮£ȴѪⲻϵرɢ
һֱˣһ˺򿪴ҪóʱͻȻܵһɼΪǿҵΣǰϱѪУһ߲֮âȻ͸ֱ˲٣
ɫһƬң߲ʶٶ̫죬ֻؿѪɽȻһƬ߲֮ԪҪӶݣ̾ͲҺһȴԪؿڣһ߲ʶĶס
Ԫ¶ţ˫Ŀͱ֮⣬һɲǣӰ˲Ϣ٣˲̧ڲԪһģŴԪشҪһɲǣʼ
һĻĻɿĴӲԪڱֻãԪ֮ԽԽŨֻƬ̣Ȼﵽ۷壬ŭԪһѪ˿ؿɢȫ
֣ȥӣ򿪵Ĵռںɨ֮һжɲɣʱӷˡ
ͷȫɢѪ⣬˫۸¶ҰһĿ⣬ָգŭȴͻȻһڴ֮Ȼ㼱ٵĿήƬԪɢһѪɫӡ
ѪȻһȻ߲ʽĹâȫڸǣʹؼ˲ϢΪѪɫһѪֱա
Ŀһһʩչ߲ʶӣ֮ǰԱƳľжϣ߲ʶӺڷһɲǣᱻ˲ߣڷ
ȴû뵽Ȼһ̣۳ôһѪ飡
ۿѪ죬ֲ˼һζֱѪ飬ɲǾٽһץסѪ飬̾ƺҪѣǴڴһɷ֮ʹһӾȻѪǣֱնȥ
ɫһ䣬ʱͻȻԪںܾûа仯ӣȴԪۣѸٵתͬʱһ֣ϣһ𣬲Ѹ֣ԪڵС
ֵϣ߲ʹâۣǶٴλû
һĻ𶯣ɫȴ¶㣬߲ʶӣĿ˲Զɽϵĳϡ
ĿնɱӵḶ́˿ɫΪ԰ףĿɨʱʶ˺󼸲ֱȭ
Ϊ죬ĳǲΪ˶񶾣Ǵ֣֮Ҳ컯Ӧãɱĺã
Уٽ˳һȭ
ĳ֮ǰ뿪˳ԭ·˼̳ȴ޷߲߳ʽ磬һͷޣ֮Ѱҵڴˡ֣ûȶԷʣн
ʮӹҲ򵥡ɫ糣˵
ţæ˵¹⣬޽Ϊ˽⣬ʶſǿӳ
޳϶Ҳûһͬ˿̱ȭתҪ뿪
ֹĳһ󡣡ԭԥҪߣҧ¶˾ġ
£ֿ
ѷѲ֮񣬿ɡ֪뿪˵صķ֣ɫнš
ֳĬƬ̣˵ͷ
˿ɫΪϿҵıȭĳ뿪һȫ˵ֻҪ뿪ط
Ŀڳһɨҡͷûܿ뿪
һ㶣ԥһ£޷뿪ǰ¾Ϳɣõõĳ֮Ѿܿڡ
˵󣬿ɫ糣ƺûͬӣٴ˵ѣ¶޵˽ڵͨΪȡԪҴԼһ£ӵٻޣԪڶֻ࣬ҪѴӦ뿪ҾƴһѣΪѰЩԪȫȡ뿪˵غ󣬻л
һ꣬˵ͷݸһö
ȡԪɸҴ˵ֲ꣬ȥתȥ
ĿӰʧԶһڴû˵ѣȷΪҪ뿪ԭΪѾû˻ᣬۿ֪뿪ϣʶŻˡ
ȡԪΣգҪ׼һ¡Ŵ򣬺סȥϣתص
ֻصɽȶóԪ⻷Ʋ󷨣ʼɣԪ˷۶һһڣžȥ
˵ؾգȴǼõ֮أӵļУ֮ʯ񣬻Ҳȥһ£֮ˣϣҲҪϢ
˵˾ī½
ããǿ֮УһƬޱ޼ʵСԶԶس졢顢ٺƺĴһҲȲãã
֮ˣ֮Ϊ⡭
ڽ֮ĿУ̫ǳ
̫ǳĳǿУһصĹڷˣû˿ڴУ߲ʹƯڣһööһ֡
ˮӣӣˮӣ˾īӡ
˿̣ǿŲӵһĩɢһ̾Ϣ⹬ڻص̾ϢɲǣʱƵתǱĩ䣬۳Ϊ򣬺֮ǰһĻûз
ֻǣ۳̵֣ȴǱ֡
ֵ֮أٽɡԴ֮꣬õӡ֮⹬ڻصֺƴǿա
߲ʽ֮ɽϣ׷ϥһɢ߲֮âڶ촫
͵̧ͷգ֮ĬĬص˵ͷ


1203 
˾īɽȣԪЩԪصγһУƮڹȿգе·ϥ֡
߲ʽأڹĪ⣬Σķһж˵γһĻ
˲ӵļ󣬶߲ʽָΪ˽⣬ƿڵҺ壬Ҳ֪ã뿪˵صķ
Ǵ˷Ϊûͻƾڴﵽڣֶ֮ԥϾӲӼлõϢʹΪĿ˴˵صΣҪǣ֪ڴ˵֮ɽĴڡ
£⾳ͻƣֻ㹻ԪͿɴﵽڣʱɱڣ˿ѣΨڣ˵һս
ΪܴﵽԲôϹǰǶ֣ɽڵİԪȻȫۣƬ̼ɢȫڡ
֮ͷ޷ԶԪͬϵʹӿ޾Ԫ
ԪԽԽ࣬ԪȻһСڣʹ˫Ŀ͵ǳĿֱӴؼȥ
˫۵˲䣬ܵĴԪȻҵγһεӡǡ
ڣ
¶΢Ц³һһгһƿƿ֮
ʧ̵־˵ʯʯºϾתΪһɲ˼֮뺡УƳѪҺⲻʲôѪҺǺ֮ǰĵ裡¶⣬ӲӼڻõشϢ
ЩϢε֪һûڼҵϾʿѻ֮Ҳû޷ȫ
ص㣬ǰߺǰݣ˵ʯ֮ǰÿʯ¶Ӧǰߺǣ˵һˣ
ǰȻպ֪֮Ǳɱڳǣ־춯صķʽƳĵӶ裡裬ɻĵ
ǺϵľģҲǺȥ֪λͨߣͨģֺȻŵķ
裬ȴֱӺ£һڣͻ˯֮У֪˯òŻӵĴ㣬ŵڴ˵Ѱһ԰ȫ֮ºȴѵһ졣Ҳɱʱû̺ԭ
ѡ˯ĵطǴ˵֮ɽ壡ֻڲӵļڣҲȥɣҲûǰ׷ߵӰ
Ŀ˸ƿ
˼˵صһдڣƺΪṩʯյ֮򣬾ЩޣҲˣΪûʮޣгΪʮ׵ޣɱ˵ꡣ
һеһУصƿڵĵ֮ϣ裬ǲȵؽĴͨʿ˵²Ǻô򵥡
ɽϵİ׷ߣȻػʲôһػ֮ĪĹֳƬ̺ƿڻ
˾ī˵˵ʯֻ֮ǰɨʱֻһտգûкƿһ㣬Щ졣
Ĭ̧꣬ͷɽǾŸֻǰĸûп˿һΣ˵⡣
ַɽʯϣԪתһɽʯ֮һнȫԱߺ¡¡Ĵ򿪡
ɽʯƿɲǣĿ磬ڿȥȴüͷһ塣
ڣûκƷһƬտ
̤붴УϸѰһҲûκη֡
һⶴҲнƣһ½ɢĽƲΪǿ
ҪƿƣЩѶȣ̧̱һƬƲӰûɽʯϣ֮ʱɽʯ̱͸˴ƬĲơ
͸˲䣬˫Ȼһһ£ֱĶ͸ɽʯ󣬶֮ڡ
ⶴˣ
ĸûκͷ˫¶ãȻʬһʿⶴڣãţûκͣЪʱУһֱȥ
ⶴһ󷨣ɢ֮âˣУڡһö򣬱ġ
ʧߣһ۾ϳ˵ݣ˾īµݣһֱ֮ͬķʹɽʯΪ͸̿ȥ
ڵڣˣ˺ûֻʣĻһԪⶴƯΣǿƺɽʯ
־ߡֳĬⶴиĽƣЩƵñǰ־߳׷ǳһ죬ǿѹд򿪽ơ
ͬⶴĽУһö
ʹɽʯΪ͸˫ͫһڣһϥߡ
ͷףѪɫϥк㣬˵صĽԶԶ־߶飬׵ķ
ֿߵɲǣ͵˫ۣĿ͸Ķɽʯ֣ŭͬҰһʱͨûֱɽʯ
ֵͨ˲䣬̶ڽƿٵ˸Ȼ˲ϢоͰͨߣߺΪң˫ɽʯ
ûκϢߵҲִֻͿɽʯһ
֮ˣĶ֣˺󣬼ϥ˵ؽƽָ
ĪǾǡߣ֮ѾˣЩˣ˾īͬţ˾īǴ˻ӡ˶ڣͼѡ
¿˾īδɹ
ʧ־߶ڵؾ½˾ī뷨һ˿ѣôֻѧڵ½ͿԴڲӡ󷨡
̾һڰɽʯ½ͨķӡֶΣԿһۣһӣʱƾɢɽʯƶ
ڰ򿪵ɲǣ˵֮źϢ
ⶴڣǰߺǣ
⺡°Ŀ£û˿âɢһƬڡ󷨷ӡסߺǡ
ԭʯʧȥĺǣĿǺɨ̱ܵһǿ˺󼸲ԥնһ˿ϵ
ֳĬƬ̣ǾʹȥģǺǣ˹ȹϣһĶ֮ûȫϿ˿ڼ
ã˫Լ£ĽƷһץȡӵˮڽһ˿񣬷һԺ̧ţǰȥֻɵľ룬ÿһΪߵ˺ǵԱߣӣֲ˼Ȼķ⺡ȹǵ˿ڴ˳̯ڡ

ʶǺǵɲǣȻһ


1204 ֮
ִģǰߺǣһ˲˼֮Уʶ̽ģе
ͲٿأͻȻʹ޷ݵǿֵʶֱ룬ԽԽԽԽ
ֺŭеĹۣ£ϵر·Խʱ⣬ȥһδӴ£
к֮ϵػصȴԽԽң˿ڶ⿴ȥĿֵҵĲ˫Ŀգɫ԰ףŤֲΪңȴǺһ
ǺǣͻȻɢ˽⣬ֻǾ˸˲䣬ϵḻ̌ɢâͼѹ⣬֮չƴɱ
һ˻磬ֲأƴڣֲڣԶУһˣһ£һߣֻӼΪģʹ˿
̧ͷգڳʱͻȻȻ߲֮âȻ߲֮â֮ͬˣ¡¡̾Ͱ˺飬ʹһƬ첻죬ҲǵأһƬǿգ
ǿգȴڣ߲ʣ
ȥؼ䣬Ϊ߲ʵ磡
ǰ͵̧ͷǰһӣȻһսö⣬ɢ޾⣬߲ܵӲıˡ
һ˲䣬һƵͻȻصء
֮Ϊ̫컯̳գϷޣ̫߲֮֮Ϊ⣡
һַ⣬Ȼ߲ʵ߲֮âȻһٿأʹޱ޼߲֮ʹâȫǰ߷۶
һĻУͬصγһ߲ʷӡϵ£ڵİߣ׵׵ķ
߲ӿ綼ڱŭ߲ڴȴԽԽɢˡ
սҰϷսнտ֮磬֮սΪϷͿҵսϹսʱ֮ȡ亡ǣƳʦͽ˵ĵ裡Բ֮ƣǲɣ͸ƣʧ
ͬʱ䣬Ҳ֮ɢγһԪҪڣ֮һ߽ͬ⡣
˿̣˾īڣִǺǣⱻâѹһ䣬ЩâֱִָȥҪڡ
һɲǣڱˮͻȻһԼٶֱָ֣һʹ뺡Ǻâٽɲǣ˿
һ𣬶ʱѣԥ˺󼸲Ǻǣ񷭽
ս棬սҰ
ɫʱ֪ս棬̤ǿնȥӴȫޣ֪ȥսҰʼߣʱлսĥս֮⾳Ϊ׷Ѱߡ
ƾѰңʼ޷ҵйսҰκ
û뵽ȻսҰ
ɱսҰ֮ˣԳƱӵ̫֮ĪǾ𲻳ɣɫΪ֮ǰһĻз߲ͨҹƣȻҪԶԶԽ˲ҹ֮һʽͨͿսҰ޷֮
ֿиɬĬȴüͷһ壬Ŀ˸
ԣսҰ˾ͱɱôΪλ־£ȫ־ӦûɢǴڣҲ֮ˣ¶ƣͷתȴû˿ͷ
顢ս٣ĪǾǵеĳ磡֮ǰսʱһߣսǴ˵Ϊﵽ˿֮磬ҪƿߣĪǡĪ֮˿еĿսǵսϹ
ƺϿ֮ˣսϹЩɵΪҪҵսϹ֮أʶѰҵսҰսͼսҰɱ֮ȡꡣһУΪ֮ƣ֮ƣʲôԽԽ벻׵ĵطȴҲһЩ˼
ĸʯĺǣһߺսҰôڶߺǣĪǾսҰ֮ʦսϹֵ
սͼսϹµĵͳָӵĿһںǣǿ˺ֵĽ󣬳ĬƬ̣ռڱսͼһţ
ǰű򿪣ΨţսҺúʼûп˿̳Ĭźǣһץ̴ռ֣ڷɳš
ڣս
սֵɲǣͻȻǺϱƵһĽ⣬Ȼҵ˸Ȼ˺ǣֱսȥ˲Ϣڣ˸ս໥ں
ı仯ûгֵϣĿأںһսƬ̼䣬ںϽⶴȫҫֵǰһɫáս֣ǰ
սֽ˸УһɺƵϢһ֮£ֱֶһӣ봢ռ䡣
ս֮гΪսϹĸˣ㣬ʹսϹ֪֮֮ĳִõսգֿĺǡ¶ӣ̾һת뿪ⶴɽʯ
ھûд򿪣ϵĽƣƲˣֻǿ߲嵽ʲô
ɽڣֿ˾īĺǣ˳Ĭ֮뿪ˡǰȥڵһ˸Ԫ
߳ɽȣĿ˸Ҫȥһ֮ǰʯ֮أȥһսҰϰߺǡ
ȡӵ²ӵļ󣬶߲ʽ磬Ȼİһ·ߣӡԺ˿Ӱ磬δգڵϼۡ
һɽ⣬Ƿӡ󷨳Ѿ򿪣ʧȥӰ
ɨһۣûͣ٣ֱɽԽɽ뵽УּΪϤļۣ־ߵૣ˼־ߴƮ
֪Խֶ࣬Щ־߱Խ˽⣬ЩȫǹʿȴǳΪ֮
ֿĳЩ־ǰһʾ֮Ƕڵ򣬴ﵽһĸ߶ȣʶŻᱻΪ־ߡ
İ̾ûֱͣǰأڣһ޴ʯʯ£ͣ
Ŀ˸һԾʯͷ
ӵļУĹΪѪԪӤ֮ٻķ飬ʯڸ
ѪԪӤͨŸԪӤ֮ȴԶԶԪӤҪǣŸԪӤԪ֮ʹòͨٶȣ߾ű
Ϊ˵ģÿһԪӤһͨʿ˵һЩͨͬʱٺãҲҪѡ񣬱ȡ֮ˡ
һжԲ˵ûκιϵŸѪӤԷֱ
ֵֻһս֮ǰǱһӤֵͨ£ܾˣʶûȫһһʩչ


1205 
ϥʯͷָ֪֮üӡǣʯĪĹ
һѪӤڸʯüӡµĸű֮ǿõʯüӡǵһִС
ڣⲿִӵڶսʱԲٿͨ£˾󲿷֣Ŀ
˿ɢʯܣĿ磬Ȼ뿪⣬ʱʯüӡǸǾҵ˸žž֮
ص
˫Ŀպϣʶʯȫ׹˸̫Ԫ񣬱֮׵ĲٿߣһҪ
ʯüĵ磬ȴǳһɲɣζѱʯ⣬ֲٿ֮ײϵײ
ԶԶȥֻʯܱ鲼򣬻εɢǺ¡¡ǲϵը졣
֮ľ֮һ׵Ĳٿأ
ûһȥȥ˳Ӧʯüĵӡǣȥĺ壬ʯͼ֮£һһ㣬ȥȡԸ
õʩᣬӶڲ֪ʱʯڣд֮Դ˻ͨٻǼֹ˵Ҳ˺ķ飡
ѡģһ˳֮·ʯΪУһԪӤȥĹĤС
·ûΣգֻ㹻ɻá
֣ѡֵ·棬һأ߳ƣ춷޳ɵԣ
ȥһȥĤʯ񣬼ʯ̺֮Ծ춯أ飡
Ҫģʯڵ磬֮£ȥʯ񣬶Ҫʯڵ磬ͳͳҪĤݣ
ĽҲ޵ĽͬҲΪϣ
̫壬һߣ
ǿɣҲֻ֪ǹһʹ֮ˣӡ֮ˣȻҲǽĳ壬ҲҪ
˫ۣĿ¶ΪԵ֮ɫ̧ʯͷݺݵһģ¡¡֮صʯδǱһɾ춯ص磬ֱʣһ׹ֱ֣֮
֮ʣܵȫգһ˿ԽԽ
׵ֱ֮Ϊ׵֮ʮٱ
ɲǣĿ˸ֱӳԪ˳üֶ̫ƽ߲ʽ磡
һֵ̫ԪֱӾ׹֮ײ
ǲϵУü¶ǵ㣬֮ȫ̧ǰݺݵһץһ̣һ޴ĹֱۻûץȥһѾץס׹֮ݺݵһ
׹֮Ԫɣ˿ӾҪ֣ȴץס£ʹɢ
һɲǣԪǰɨһھ׹֮صڡ
Ŀ֮׹Ȼǿֹʹִ˿̣ȫκһλöģΨĿâˣ
֮ף֮ƽȴһεѹ֣ʹɢ׵ȻֱֶȫĿڣγһӡǣ
ĿӡǳֵɲǣµʯȻ˴Ƭѷ죬Щѷʯ˫ſʼӣһ϶ֱ֮ʯͷֳȥ
֮춯أһ磬һѷ˸ǲϵؽӽҪķѣȴȻΡ벻
ѷ̺ߣ˲ٽ֣֮ȿնУ⣬Ҳʯͷ̾ߵ˸γһԲɴСľ޴׹
֣׹֮ڣЩ׵Ĳֲٿأֱ֣
ߴȫ⻷ƣΪʯ֮ڶԿԪȴ֮׵ĲٿߣֻҪףǰûʸ񷴿ӣ
Ϊ޹أһ֮ս
̫ʹ֮ȨϣȨΪٿ֮ף
ʯ̫֮棬һΪ飬ȻףüӡǣڴУ棬һ죬
Ĥʸ֮Ȩ飡
־ҪĿ׹Ⱪ̫Ԫٴηɳ⣬ż׹֮Уٿ֮׵ϡ
׹򲻶ϵȴһ⣬ͣ¡¡ľ죬ȴʼ޷һ磡
ֵѾվ𣬷ɣ
ϣɢϢԽϣôǹ֮
߻𣡡ִ֪ܵ׹ⲢѰ֮̺־׵磡
־飡Щ׵磬飬ʯ֮
֮صƲȫ£ǹϢĳУˣ
ǻһ磬ֱ̫Ԫһ죬̫ԪȻӴͬʱʯǲƽҪ
ǰһվգת˫ĿһʯüȻδɢӡǡ
֮һ壬Ӵ֮ǰʹ֮ȨĿһ̫Ԫ⣬Ŀ׹ںϣһӡǣֱʯüͼڶȥ
һֱʯüͼϣʯΪңһɲǣµ˲䣬ʯ˫ĿȻɢ˫ĿڣֿһƬǿա
ǿУһ󷨣֮ķ⣬֮ˣǴŹŹ֣ȻʿĮдų벻мڡ
ڣƣԪصȴϹʿˣڷĹ󷨣ͼ
󷨼Ϊ죬Ǽ᲻ƣƾЩʿιȴ˿δеˣϧԱ壬Ҳ޷󷨰㣬һɾıڡ
иоŵâ˸һâһѿ֮˸֮һͼ֮ˣȫһһ
ڶʿűѡԱͼס⿪֮գȴʧܣ
ǾŵâУһ磬¡ߣһ·֮ʿˣȫ
֮ˣߵĿУĮ֮ɫŨݸ߹֮ˣڿϰķӣ
ģ᲻ģһգᱲ֮ˣؽƿ󷨣Ѫɺӣһеˣǰһ


1206 ұʿϧһս
ʯ˫ۻɢɢһɲǣֱӳƿޣƿǿʱ⣬Ŀ
кصӵŵŵ˺ʮɣʯ˫ĿɢĻ棬ɫ¶
ʯ񣬺Ȼ̮һ飬˴ĳ
⡭ֲ֪Ϊʲôڸղŵһ̣ڿʯһĻ˲䣬ѪҺȼգ
ڿ֮սôʿʱûָоʿ֮ɱƽٴʱûָо˼ϵڶʱҲûָо
˿̣Լ֪ԭڿ⣬һȱʱȴѪͷ­
߷ǰźϵĻص
ģ᲻ģһգᱲ֮ˣؽƿ󷨣Ѫɺӣ
̮ʯĿӡǲϵ˸ãתǰ½Ƶɽȥ
ʯ׵֮ʱԶڣԽ꣬üӡߣɫΪ԰ף
ĸܵˣǰһ֮սһƺԼͬԴ֮һҲȴ𺳣ȻЩƲס
ˣȻֻ̣ܲüӡǵ꣬һ·ʼճĬɫЩʲô
üлͼ֮ˣĿ˸ε¶̰̰ģ֮ǰɨʱǻ֮
ã˳ʯ̮ĵطǳʯʯüӡǵ꣬ɫΪ԰ף͸ŭԸܵʯԼ棬˵֪ΪλȻڲ֮ǰ飬ǿߣ
ŭ󣬸ģȴľ
ô죿üӡ֮ˣͬ顣
˴򿪷ӡԽȡһʱ۷֮ɱˣûпܡüлӡ֮ˣڡ
뿪ɣռѷϣǶᡭһֲԤСüӡ֮ԥһ£
󣡡üӡǵ꣬¶˾ģҧ˵
ӡ֮˳Ĭ˫͸âٷϻѰĺۼǰ˽ʧڡ
Ӱ磬мۣƬ̺֮ǰƿ֮ǰ½ĻĿһ֮ǰδƿ߱ƿʱ̫ƾãôҪ򿪣ἫΪѣǲϧ
£Ƹոձ򿪲£֮ǰɨʱ˵ã˿ȻǵãĻһѷ졣
ѷ죬֮ǰƿ֮
ֻ֮ǰƿѷٴδ򿪣ѣ˫̱һֱӻӰ֣˲Ͱ˸УĻȻص
۲գһ£ʶɢеĹ۲죬ʱ˫Ŀһ̾ҵ֮ǰƿ֮أ
ѷ˵ϣ½ȴֻ£ٹȥ꣬Ļһֱ¡
Ҳ½һ׶֮
ҵѷ죬һץˮ֣ǰɨһ˦˸һɴοϢ̻صȴعâȻһâХֱѷ졣
֮𣬽ĻϲƾҵĻصһϸ΢ѷ죬ڽâ³ֳ֡ɲǣˮٽֵĲٿвϵ޾£ѷԽԽ
ʱһԾڰһץȻ֣ɢ޾âֳꪣǺȻֱѷ졣
ټ죬˲ٽꪺһѷ֮Уһɴڻصڡ
ȴйֺ֮ݺݵһƣ֮£ֱӴ͸˽Ļһ֮£ڵһǸոµѷ죬Ļ֮
һץˮɻأһУѷ죬ֱɽȥ
ɽжʯŵĶֻĿһɨ˻
ܿɽ嶥ˣǰһɨ֮صУǰУ̾һռѷ˸
֪֮׼ȷλãΪӵļֵһʱĹ۲ãʱҲ
ѷֱ֣̤ȥѷ첻ãɽĻ⣬Խٽ໥ۣҧֱ֮ӴǽĻϱ˺ѷ죬̤ںֱɽȥ
ֽĿռڣһ۾ͿǾ޴ʯĿһǰȥĿ˳ʯ£ʯ·Ǳ߲ʶӶʯϵİߺǣ
ǺϺâתʹϾĺɢһĪʹΪ֮
һ߽˺ԣԪ񣬲ȥǾģĿʯϡʯ֪ԺƳɣɢɣζ̺µĺۼ
ϸüͷܸоʯĲЩ죬ȴ벻ʲôط֮
ĬƬ̣ĿǺɨѾСģȻƱ׼Ҳǵһȥ˺󼸲ָ
ĿһûԥֱӴ򿪴ѷ죬Ȼɢս֣Ӵռڷɳֵɲǣʱǰߺ֮̾н˸һĽâӹڳʹǺƽɫ֮Уϵر仯
սһӺڷɳֱսֶȥ֮ںϣһɲǣ˵أ̱ɽ֮ڡ
˲Ϣ䣬ɢâս֣Լٶֱӳ֣üģɲǼ䣬һ
ϷսҰ֪ϷսĳΪʿɵҲ֮񹴽ᣬҵͳߣս⣬պɣɱ֮ΪϷ顭
һս⣬иֳһĻĻսҰ֮һ·棬һɶս֮һ֣Ϊ̵ĸ£⾳սںϣ˾˵ı仯
ָ֮Уڵ⴦ռ䣬ͻȻŤȴԽ֮ˣ̤üл̰Ķ֣˽ľ룬ĸܵԷĻ֮
ҾͿԽף
Աüӡǵ꣬𶯣ֱĶ֣ܵԷ֮ͬʱǿ˶Է˿̺ƴĳ״̬

Ψüӡ֮ˣڿֱӰѹ𺳣˫ĿͫһĻңԶļ䣬С
Ȼ
˼ͬʱһɷɱֱֶȥǰУͬʱüĺݺݵһġ
ص˵̳˾˵ı仯ӡ֮ˣȫȻ䱩ʮɴСȫ鲼硣
üĻͼ֮ˣͻȻһԻͷŭһǣȫɫʹ¶
üӡ֮ΪŹ֣仯ֻ࣬Ƥɫ̱ľӨƺԷĳ˵ؽ⣡
Ƿٽһɲǣ͵ת˫ĿȻ¶һ˿統֮˳ʿĿ⣬һһ
Ϊ˽ܣۣұʿϧһսԺУϡսҰǰһ


1207 ף
ұʿϧһս˫Ŀ¶ս⣬ˣǽ֮ˣʯ˫ĿڿһĻһѪļһ̣ûֻɱ¾
Խ˽ʷɱ¾ԽŨ
üӡǵٶ죬һǰΪԭֻǾԲı֮ȴͻȻȻͻ˾ǳڣֱӴﵽڣ
ͨһ޵δΪһɲǣǰ˺ƴ֮ǿ֮
׼ȷ˵ⲻ֮˵ĵһսԣҲɱǸʱֵΪӣԼˣڣʸȥĮɫгǰˣ
ӡ֮ˣǰȫ׹˸žž֮棬¡¡Ϊ磬Լٶƿ˫ʱ羹Ȼ⻯һ޴Ӱ
һߴɵӰȫɫ⣬üĸһ޴ͼڣ˫Ŀһ𶯡
ױӡ֮һĵͺȣȴԽԽ
סгԽŨĿɲǼе˸ǵУͬһӡĿͫб
ǰһȥһ˲䣬к̱Ļܵһкˮһ㣬̡ͬ
ǰˣӡ꣬Ҳвֵһᡣһ֮£δƿ¡Ȼӡ֮ǰ
̧𣬴ŵֱؿڡ
һ££££
ڶ̶̵ɲǼ䣬˫ָɽһ£
䣬ӡǵɫʱ԰ף¶𺳣ѪؿѪģдƬؿ˸һֱؿΪȫ
һĻνʯ֮䣬˸޷Ӧڽ¶УֻǸһתû˿ƶΨǳͫס
һɲǣͬӵѪҲʱƿХ
ɴ˷ʿüӡ֮ȫ֮ȴǹͷ˴룬ʮɵӵŵŵźˣȫϸƱӡ
ѪУ͵̧ͷһ춯صɫ͸ֻпȴ̺ž־塣
ӡ֮ŭ˲䣬ǰɴСӰȻʵغ¡޾׵ƾճֱ֣Ӱȥ
׹УõİӰ׻
ɫĮûκͣ٣ٴǰһһ£⾳Ȼɢ̤ӡ֮ϡ
һӡؿٴѪİסؿڣȴ࣬⾳һֱӱ
ֿһۣһ֮£ƵǰӰǰǰһģ
ͬʱĿ׹Ⱪͫڵӡֱӷɳ˲Ϣо˰Ӱüģ
֮һ壬Ӵ֮ǰʹ֮Ȩ
дɭؼصƷ򣬸̺˷ӡһ֮ľᶨ֮ͬջһ֮ʸ
Ӱһ֮£Ȼ޾磬Ȼֱӡ꽵٣֮ص˲һƬڻɢԪǱת֮ʣͬȫһ㣬Щ˲ϢصĿ֮ڡ
ĿͫеӡǣԽ
һУ˲ɣüлͼ֮ˣ˫Ŀһ¶Ŀ־뺧ȻǰеӲɵһ٣Ҫˡ
תУĿͼ֮ϡ
𣿡ֳŨĿɲǾл˲Ϣбɢ𺣣ֱܷԲɡ
ǻͼ֮ɫ԰ףҪˣ˿ܾǻ𺣣̵ͺγɵĳһȣȴڱдĻɢϣγһ޴Ļ籩ڷ籩ֱֶȥ
ǰ˫д̸ĻɢγһѰѻ֮źХ֣
һӣʱԲɵĻȻƷڣɨ֮·ٽǻͼ֮ˡ
ǻ֮ĶԾ
ͬԴȴ֮ͬ˲ٿصĻ棬˲Ϣ໥֮춯ءһǻͼڵ˴ӻڳͬȸ˫һɫĻ棬ٽ֡
˲ˣȸȸֻһˣۻȫ̾һȸϻûһ̵֮ͬ
ǻͼڵڿһĻɲǣ˷ˣ¶޷ţʧʥ
٣˫Ŀ¶Įɱ̧𣬸ǻͼһָ
һָ֮£̾ҵĲĿкȻ޷ݣҽ̾ʹ˻ȴһɻںȻȻȼԼ
Ϊȸ֮ˣһΪ飬δһ죬ԼȻᱻɣһٿĻ棬ǰ֮ʱ׵׵ıԼˣ
ҽлصһΪ˻ҼɢɲǣһХԪȼУ
Իȸ֮飡
һ̣ԪȻ㾧⻯棬Ȼγһֻõȸȸͨ巢ڣ֮ƺȸһֻŴӵĻ
˺ֱ֣
ߣĿ˸̾һȸ֮ͬʱһɫȸȻû
⣬ȸһ֣ĶǺɫĴ¶֮ɫֲٿأֱӴ˻˲Ϣ䣬ڵİأ̾ͳΪ˻𺣣Ǵɡ
ǺɫĴ˻𣬵⡣
֮һ壬Ӵ֮ǰʹ֮ȨֻĴȸǺɫĻײһ
֮죬ǺɫĻ̱ûеֿ֮ȣַǼȸȸ
֮Ļ棬̾ͱȸɣͬɫ֮飬ҲȫУһ̣صĻ棬ȫ֣
ȸ쳤˻ΪܣȻ˵ξѵļȫ治ϵԽԽߣԽԽң
һĻĻüӡǵɫҵı仯һƬҰףȫ亹ܣղŵһ̣ͿԷӰһֻһɲǣƺѾ
뵽Էشʦ𣬾ʦºԣΪһ
ûκԥüӡǵ̺ˣľҪӶ뿪µĴڣƺԽԽľҪ
ū֮ҲǰԳĶŶԷ˵ɢĻ


1208 ̫֮Լ
Ҳū壡ӡ͵ת
Į꣬ȸԽӾҡһʱ֮սУڽ֣γУͼ£
˵ʱΪһԣЩ֮УʱмΪ𾪣֪Խ࣬ӡĿԽǱ䡣
ū壬̫ʱڽ֮ӻһ壡
ǰȥȭֱǰһ̺֮ʱƿ֮صҪأֱѸ͵ٽ
ɫ԰ף֪Լ޷ӳΨһƴȴǿɬƴˣĿܻж١֪
ڽ⣬֮˽սԼлԹ齵ǰ֮ǽʿǹһ壬һ񣬴ڵ伮֪ƾõ֮ǰԼһ񣬼齵ҲӲѻ³
ĵʲôطôнʿ֣
ɫԽͺһ˫֮ȫΪӨͬɫһȭ֮£͵תӣȻγһ磬Уһ޴£֣
һȭµɲǣ֮صͨһ𣬵ȴûбֻ꣬ȴĿĵѪҧתȫ֮ǰݺݵһƣ֮
Ȼ䣬У¹âͻȻĿȴһõĹһȭںȻֱ֣
ɫ糣Ц̧ٴǰһͬʱһȥ޷ٶֱٽ
һȭȥǷ¶Ĺһȭһ𣬶ʱкص
ū֮ԣǰȭϵǰ£ٽԣ¡¡ľУڵ겻ϺˣÿһѪӸǾҵĲ
˿̵֣ͬһսɣ޾սѪһȥ
һһÿһȭ¶ַ֮ת֮£ȡռһ׵׵ѹ
飡ƽȴ͸һѹȭ֮תҽź÷籩һ֮С
֮£̱¸ķѣ˿
һѪӰڱɨȴȫѪһԶٴ̤һꡣ
˫ͫ׻ɢȴ˻һμΪӵͬʱ˫Ѹٵĵüġ
֮ŭ֪ԼһУһֹϵ֮ͨΪ򲻵ѣʹãΪͨһ˵裡
Уɲǣ˫ϥڵϣԶ˫̧ߣŹֵӡĤ
֮ˣ
˲䣬һɺƵĹ֮Ȼͳ⣬ţռһŤȴǳһɴСľ޴Ӱ
ȫģ˫ĿգΨü֮߸ǵ貣ɢҫ۹â
꣬ū֮һ貽֮У裬˿Σȴǹ˲̫࣬˻Ƶص
ֵù͵˫Ŀ͸һɲɣ޾İԵֺ̧֣Ȼ¡
¶񶾣ķźȻǹôǹ֮໥ɱ
Ŀ͸õĹǺһȭ̾һü֮Ȼйǵ֣ת֮ȫϢ
ȱӻ֮壬Ϊҹ棬֮ȣɢȥĻֿкγһƬɢ
õĹȭͷȻһ٣¶ãѣɢˡһ壬ѾܾúܾûˣӻĹ֮꣬Ҳֻһһ־һӻū壬ʶһ壬ԥִ־ˣţѾؼ־һıӻȥ
ǣһµ֣´һӻ־Ψˣɽ⿪ϵԼ
죬һ̣һϢֵĻ־
˴һ£֪ڹأ֪ʶŻ޴ǰ֮
Ӵ֮󣬹ٱӻɣǻһ壡ߴһ仰ȥһźɨ䣬ȫͷȴδ߽⣬ֺɨУֱӱʯ·֮
һֱǺص˫֮ѪȴǶ߲֮ϣ󰧺һ̾춯صĴӱ߲ʶӶסıҲƱϵ飬ʹ࣬ǳ˿ܡ
ûɱܵսҰʹ࣬ڲϵĥУȴ
ʯӲҪ뿪ȴԪ޷ѣķӡڡ
ְֻ̧߽飬ʶǿѻ꣬˼Ȼ֮ʣʹȴǸΪǿңʹ޷ԣԻ٣ֻ޾ĥУȥ
ջ֣̾һ
˿̣ռڣȸϵĻﵽ˴δйĸ߶ȣȼУȸ䣬ϵ
ͬʱڷããǿ·ڣǷİ֮⣬ǿգ֮Ϊ̫ǳҲ⣡
̫ǳڣ嫵Уһ䣬̫֮Уպڡ
Уһ겻ɢڵ޶ʱ̶¡¡ľ죬֮أ֮޽һӿ
߲ʽӡ֮һɲǣ˵֮˲䣬δɢȴǺȻ䷢˴δйľͬʱˣΪ֮һ
ɫ䣬ĸȥʶӵһ̣ŴڵȻɢˣӰ٣ƱߡʮϢ֮˵ٴγ֣֮ǰһĻȴ壬޾ľ־塣
̫ǳУһǻȸڡȸʥڼΪƣĵ򣬳˻棬ʱ޿̶ȼա
ΪƵģȼյĵڣȻҲȸ֮һ֮ϣֻЩȸӣͨɫƻһ㡣
ǻȸ˵ջ֮˲䣬˵еĻȫȻһ˻֮죬һѷǳ֣ȴɵĻ񣬶ʱ
ȸ壬𾪣
ϵĴ˵УǽҪ֮ʱȸԱȫһɲǣȸһڣһߣգ
ͬһʱ̣̫ǳߴǿ֮һڣҲһ֮ˣ𺳣Ϊ֮Ȼľ֮䣡


1209 ô
Ϊ̫ǳߴǿ֮һ壬ӵеΪΪ̫ǳµĴ󹦣ʹ̫ǳλҲΪߣ˳Ϊĳϣʹ壬µٻ
򱱲һƬ֮أﲻκһ̤벽ܵķأΨһߣſɽ˵
ܵĽڣо޴ĵ񣬺ȻǾÿһ֮ϣϥһߣ˫ӡǿյڵĹ֮
̫˹ʱ޿̶뷽Իù֮ȡ֮һ죬ϴˢ̫ʱڵ裬ùһ壬Ϊ֮ū
ΪĿ꣬չȫϵоĥƾõºڱҵһ̹
ȴǴڼΣʱգ֮Улûȫɹߡ
ϵľŸߣڵʾ֮ΪʶŻᱻС
һУƽĽȥһƬûаϢ򣬵һ˲䣬߲ʽǱٻӰ񴫳һ⿪̫Լ־ɲǣ
ȴ̳˺֮һѷЩͻȻıʣʱʹõϵľ˴붨оѣɫ𾪣źȻŨŨãȴǸͲ֪׷ʲô
ȴûнھӰɲǣһ񣬺Ȼ̮ڹ֮ʱɢء
ͬʱڶҲ𶯣ѷԽԽ࣬ת֮£Ϊ˻ҼھĿɿڴУɢˡ
ۿµҲڱɫ䣡
ϧȫֹūһ֮һ޷ݵкɨȴһȫ۵ĲɣߴԶХһӣǿվȻ鲼¹⡣
弫ΪȻƺΪūܲūԴȴԿ֮
ԶǿϢХ
׷ʲôÿһ֮ˣͬʱĺ֮ʡ
񣬽⿪̫Լ۵Ĳɣߣ̧ͷޣҧгݵĴֻУȴһ˿ؼĿ־뾪ԽԽŨ
̫ǳһĻĻֲ֪ߵİɢˣ꣬Ѫˮ˳սҰǣ˵ϡ
ĹͷѾȫ鿪ɢ俪Ψ߲ʶϣͷĶס
һУûȥ⣬ĿڰɫȸϣڻԽԽŨȸ˻һ˾춯صȸ֮Ȼ£˳Ŀڡ
һɲǣȫ̺Ȼĳ˻𺣣ռ䣬һ֮£뿪߳˵ѷ죬߲ʽǽĻµɽ嶥ϥ¡
ӭɽ߲֮ʹâֻ߲֮һ£̾ͳŤƱǿȼȻִ˿̺Ļ֮£ˣ
ð֮տʼǳ죬˲Ϣͱ˰ɫʹֵĿһƬâ
ȸѣȸڽ죬˻ȸ֮ٻĻ飬һ˲䣬ȸѵˣ
ؼһ̣߲֮ⲻϵرˣΪģ˷¡¡ĳȥ˿̣ɽĽĻȻٴ£ԽˣܷĽڣ¶Ⱦ˵ԽԽߣ
ɫϣڴĸ£ʹܳ𺣣ȼգԣ
ȸؼһл֮ٿߣ֪ȸĴ˵Ҳֻسʱ̺Уȸ֮
ʱգ⴫˵ʵѾҪҪǣ̫һ壬ΪȸԡØ
һˣ޻ȸӡÿһӡǵľѣȸһɱ䣬Ż֮춯ء̫ȸһһξ߲ټΨйºƺѪϡ벵ӣԽԽ١
˵ڶξߣ̫ʱڱȻ࣬ǼΪܾѶߣʹκȸˣΪ֮
һУȸξȣһжө֮ξѣϹԺȻΨԶʱڣ̫£ƺмʾ֮ﵽһ㾳磡ûУ֪
ξߣ֮飬һлͨ
˿̣־ξ֮УڵĻ¶ԽԽߣʹڿռ˴Ƭѣ£һ㡣
ȸڻ·ףҲ޷ܴ˿̴ڴĻȣƬ̼䣬׾ڳһҺ壬δȫսڡ
йĻ𺣣ɽԽԽ࣬ȫǻɫһʱһƬ죬ȼգ˲Ϣ䣬ڵĻȫı䣬׵׵ĳΪɫ
ɫĻ棬ӵл֮ڳֺ󣬶ʱʹµɽ壬Ʊһ㣬ɢĺûɢʱͱɢ
ֻܿɽ壬ȼԽԽС¡¡ıɽӡǵʯţ˿Ҳѷ죬ʯŶڣϥصŮӣһֱʧӰӾ˵ģⶴһ߲ʹŻƵ޻꣬˳УʱһЩֱӱ޻Ȼûɢ˻ڣ
һʹ棬ӵ־Ҳһ־޾ȫҪֵУΪٿ֮
Ƭ̼䣬ɽͳ׵׵ıһʯֱȼлΣɢһգΨжʮʮ޻߲֮꣬â²ŵҴ棬Ʈ˰ջ֮ڡ
ɽ˲䣬ڵĻ¶ȴﵽ˲˼۷壬ܷĺɨ½ڳεĳĵطѷ˺˿ûͣ٣ǲϵ˺ڻºҵй֮ڣֱ˳ѷ˲Ͱȼա
֮£½̻һȼյĻ򣬺Ȼ
һɲǣ𾪣Ļ߲ʽһغһ̣˵֮ɽڣϥɽİ׷ߣ͵˫ۣĿ¶𾪣Ѹңңڷλ
̫ǳڣһƬããǺƯĹڹâ٣һƬ谵ΨƯڰյϣɢ֮âڵ
һƬ˿£ͻȻһžžȼ֮ȴдһԵ̨ȻȼƮʹô֮Уɭ
յԽԽصУһϿήָԣȥʹ𣬸ʢˡָֻڵλãȴҲ޷ҫ
Ͳ֮󣬿ԷָڣȻ˵ڶԴ̺˱䡣
ôָڣա
ͬʱ߲ʽ֮ǰ׷˫ͫƵõӰһΣһХȥֱڷλ


1210 ɫȸ
֮أɽʧΨ߲ʹŻƵ޻Ʈڰգķգϵ߲ʹâƺʱѡ
󷨣ڻ𺣵ĳ±ȼյƬܾȥ⻷ɽ޾Ҳڻ𺣺¡¡ɢ£̱˺ѣ׵ɢ
߲ʽ磬⻷ɽڣһûĴڡ
ڵ־ߣһϥƮڰգֿ𺣵ϮԶɽɽ֮أͬҲлɲǣΪ
žžȼ֮춯أһɽȺ̮ȼյʯɢ
һɽڣϸɫҰףѪɫ˿ľ˫ϴƣֿǵصĻ
ɽ⣬߲ʽΧޣ֮䣬ðżΣգСĵһһѰԪ
ӵͨڶʮڻȡԪѹǻȡһѣΣЩ
˿̣һ֮ڷɳԶ۶ߣڴһɿХֱ׷
һɲǣͻȻԶȻΪһƬɫյ߲֮˲ɢһ޷ݵ˺ԶԶȥƾ춯ء
׷ޣʱһԥ׷ɱǼۻصڡ
˲Ϣ䣬ɫĻ˸㽫߲ʽΧȫɣΨ⣬ƹ𺣱ܿ
վȫʱˮ͸𶯣ĸܵǻ̺ĸ£ԼҲֲ̫á
ǻڣֵܵϢ
治ϵɢգ߲ʽΧ׵׵ʹڶڴһЩޣֱӳڻŭƺ𺣵ĸ£δη塣мֻƻçһޣŤǻûκβʣֺﲻмӡ
ɢ߲ʽ֮ʱȸξѣʼˣ
ϥ֮أһƬѣȫҺ˲ɢȥѵƤͬ˥ϣ˴Ŀġ
⣬Ũ޾ɢأγһ޴ĻУϿջת
һʹ˻ڴȴǰɫȸ𣬺Ȼȸĵξѣ˵Ҳһο飬һΣ
һƬհףƻΪȸȸ̺Ļγ޾ϵйԽˣԽ࣬󣬺ҪԷһ㣡
΢ɢһЩճɻҵĴ
һʼյѭԽǰɢԽ࣬ܶʼ֮£ȸ˻춯أͬǰ
ָо֮ǰȸξѴδй֮ǰΣμΪѣɢԪȼգֵϣû뵽ȸĵξѣȻ˱仯
ۿԽԽ࣬ɢٶЩȲڻۣյĸоԽƤϵĸԽԽ࣬ȻһƬƺҪ
͵˫ۣһХҪڵⳤХйȥʹУһŨŨ˴ֿɢ˳ȫÿһë
ȸѡȸʶЩģܵĲϵɢڻȣַֹֻʣ˿˸⡣
ȥԼɣ
˫۳Ѫ˿¶֮ɫ
ǱԡԸ̺˼ƴ֮ģԽŨڻԽԽأ
Ȼйȥǰ취ôͲйȫڣҵҪܰΣʹгЦɫԽӷԷȫһкëסϣʹȫȫ׵׵ķգڻȲϷ˿ɢ°㣡
ԷһƼ򵥣ʵϣ֮м˿
ַȫڻȻʹﵽ˿µĸ߶ȣǱܷУں䣬̾ͽҪһ㣬һУȴǱס
ʱ仺ȥڵĸԽӾңȫһƬ֮ɫʹس˴ıһ˲䣬ڵĻﵽ۷壬Ȼը
һ޷ݵ˺𣬷ֵ壬ʹȫ˻ڣӣȼУɫӰɫȳɫ
ɫĻһ֣ܺɨɫĻ̺ĸ£ԶԶĳ˰ɫ棬ȡؼһУ
˷£ʱʹأȻΪɫɫ֮ǵأ߲ʽ磬˲ϢΪɫĻ
߲ʽΧ֮һ̣ԭɫĻɲǼ䣬ɫʧȴ֮һâ
âһ˵֮𣬾ɫ
ЩԭޣһЩڻɢѹޣһ̣̺Ȼ˻ȻȫۣĵֿƺɫĻ棬Ϊ¡
֮ǰﲻмļͷçһ˲䣬Ѹ͵ĻֿһçٶһЩȫ⣬ɲǼ䣬Уʹ˻𴫳ǻçȻǱڣΪ־֮һ
ܷ൱Բ֮ؼ䣬Ϊ
ɫĳ£ɽ֮ظĶһƣǻºƴĲһ
һ̣߲ʽ綼ȼգƺŭ߲ʽ֮һ׷߼ۣ֮ظȥٶȷɿ죬ٽֲԶɲǣɫ̴䡣
ֻǰ⾪죬ȴɫĻŭ˶¡ɫʱ԰ף˫ַɿóɫĳ£Ҵ档
ͷĺˮźȻ˫Ŀȴı¶˿̵ľ
⡭ʲô𣡡һ޵ʶ㣬ȴδؼһɫĻ棬棬ȻвʿԷʿԪֻ棬׷ߣ𾪲ѣ
˿֮ǰϥ֮أҲɫԴͷ֮â춯أҫһйâ֮ǼµУ޷ݵľڣһȸ֮
ȸɲǣһͷɫȸȻʹӻںһ֣ĳ֣̾ʹ߲ʽɫ𺣷ڻһ㣡
ɫȸ·һ޳Ӱһһ߳
ȸξѣȴԡһ㣡
һ̣Զƺ⣬ڣʥ֮أȸʥһˣڻȫȼգһȫȫǲٿأй⡣


1211 ʥ
ʥڵ⣬ϥĸߣȫʥڵĳϣ˿ϥɫ¶ǡ
һ˻Ӵڲϵشʼջصأ͸һ޾ʹ࣬һߣ𶯡
ʥһαչأѾһ¡Ŷߵһص˵
Ա֮Ҫ˵ͻȻڵȻΪ¡¡ľ죬ͷȥײǽһ㡣
𶯣ִ̳Ľƣûб
໥˿˴ԽŨĽ뾪š
ڣһϥ߰׷Բԣȫݣ¶Ť޷ʹ࣬ĺϣ޾صԶԶش
˫磬˫ȣ̹ؿǰаɫסܵǽӡڣƯʥ֮һ۾Ϳϳǣʥ̫ʥ
ʥɢâϣѹһ㣡
ߣʥʣɫʹУݵϣұ۴ͻȻһߴ֮ߵľ޴Ƥ¿ٵƶת۾͵ؿڣתȫ
ʥʹٴλصȫ֮ǳһͷײǰǽϡ
֮£ǽֹ̳ѣ˲ͻָ糣̫ʥâΪŨȻ⣬γȸ׻ӡǣסʥʵ塣
ģʥϿգһΪɣ͸µζϣ֪ΪγѪɫ״֮Ŀģ
Ҳ֪˶ãʥʵߵǸߴİСʧڻ죬ʥɫƽϥ£Ŵ֮¶ɬ
ϷһλʤˡϢУҪɣʱͻȻ͵̧ͷңԶɫ¶һ˿ݣƬ̣ЦЦУˮ۽¡
ããȸѡʥʣȻԡȸξѣΪϹ֮ǵһεȸˣã컯ҲϷһ˵ڵѪʥʳЦУΪ̴ŲȴĸϷ׷ٽ⴫
ӭʥأ
Żʥ˫һָܣʱϵɢ̫ʥǻĵ磬ڡ
һ˦ʥ߳ҡ
Įɨһǰˣ˵ȸǿб仯
ȸӵĿռѷڣҪѣҵѾʥԸѪӡ̫Ŵ󣡡
ʥԣĬĬĵ˵ͷԶɫ¶ӣ֮˫ۺһһɱѾ̫ãִ˿̳ôʱ룬ټʥˣϷҪոʿҪô齵Ҫô
ǰĸһ͵̧ͷ¶֮ɫǣ£һ޴ķȥ
ʥڣȫ
֮һУüôʥ̾
ƺ߲ʽڣɫȸХ֮ʱֵӰĴɫ߳ǰɫ磬¶Ϊ֮â
סս⾳ںϣΪɽ˥£֣֮һУȱһĿңңԶ߲ʽ֮أƿԿһƵɽ壬Կɽ嶥һԿǶڵ쾰
ֵõʱĹֻ˭ժȡĿһ̧֣ǰһָ
һָ֮£ɫȸʱ˻ӺȻɫ棬ֱǰȥһ·¡磬ǵص𣬺֮ƿһе·ֱֵİ׷߶ȥ
ǰ׷⻷ƾſ޹Ƭ֮űƿܵĻ棬۶Ӹһ̤֮ڣȻһ٣صĶǰֻǰƺ󣬺ٽ˸Ǿأ£ǰľſ޹Ƕʱ֮
Ʋ˵ĳҪһ㡣
˾֮ǼΪΪߣƾһֻ֮һսʿ˿·磡ϧ˫ȫԪתǰԪ֮£ʱ˫֮һ޴Բ
ԲӵĪԪתУһɻ֮ɢ
Ҫȡ֮꣬³˴˻꾫⣬صҪȡ򣡡Ϊ²˴𰸣ĿɱһУҪɱȡ꣬˭Ҳֹˣ
˫ǰһƣԲڶʱһɺХٻһ㣬ͬʱߵͳ̾ؼص
٣ߣ
˲䣬̱ɫڸǵգͻȻ߲֮â͸Կ߲֮âУһӰûͬʱһ޴ʡ
ûнһ߲֮âһ޴߲֮ɨ֮£Ҫնɫ𺣡
Щ߲֮âɵͨȫ֮ٻȴԶԶ˲ӡ
߲ʴ󽣸һ֣̺Х߲ʽֱٽɫڣɫȸ
ɫȸ˻ػ˲Ϣֱǰ߲ʽɲǾһ𣬺֮صͬʱеӰһ£ȫһӣȻһɱ¾֣֮
Щɱ¾֮ƣǵأͬˮһֱɫ棬ɫȸĳ£侪֮ɢȴһһ
ƺһͨȸǰҪ
һУǰһһֱǰĿ˸ʱлأֱǾ޴̡
תȴδ֣ͨ˲ٽУ
ֵĵͺȴȻȼգȻ
ڰգһָɫȸ˻𣬴ŷԲɵĻ𺣣Ű׷ɶ
һĻǵʯ䷢ͨճֵĹͼΪĻһУɱУ˰׷ߡ
ңң֣ɫΪأ˫һ˦һָգȵ߲ʽؽ֮˺ٴ˵ȫߣֳӰ
ߵͺУȻ߲֮âƷѸ͵Ĵ͸𺣣ؼ䣬ȻʮӰ֡
ЩӰ٣ŮһģɢһǿϢڳֺĶ֣ţؼ䣬޾ͨʮûÿһͨһָ˿ͬʱֺ֣Ȼٽ
㼴֮ǿҲֻһʿϷͨ£ֿס֮֮ȷǿֻǣϷͷĻ棬Ʋⷨƽڡ


1212 
սʿָûаգǻȻѡˣ£ȸѣȴǸܣҲٿ֮֮˺Ҳ˷Ծ
ҪǣսҰս֮⾳ûںϣֻ΢ܣʿһս֮ģ
ԺлصսҰǾ仰
ұʿϧһսڰգĿɫȻĿͫɢȻͳü֮ϣ
ҷ⾳һ̣ɻȡɻȡһ̣ңǻ棬ңξѵȸüĻһɫĻӡǣȻ֣
ӡǳֵɲǣ֣Ȼһʿǻ֮ɣػ֮һƿߣ
˿̵ȸ弫ΪƣΨһüĵĻ棬ɫȸüĵĻ棬Ǻɫ
ɫͼüȼգһХȴɫȸͬʱ˻˻Уһɾ춯صϲãɫȸ˸ֱգüģ
һĻȸΪֵԪ񣬴˿̣Ԫϣ
һ˲䣬̳µףһȸӵףͨɫ׵֣ͺһֻ߹ޱȵȸ
֮һͺȣ˲Ϣ䣬߲ʽһеطɫ棬·ӭ
ȻУֵĻ£غ޾˷߲ʽÿһ䣬ۣ
ǵٶȣȻﵽ˲˼飬ַӿֶ
ڸ߿¿ȥĿؼĻ𺣣ֱ֣֮죬˲ϢͺȻ٣
һĻǰ׷ߵ˫£е̺ͨ¡٣ͨǿķǵأֱ֡
Щͨٽɲǣͬ־һУһɫ٣УЩٵͨȫײһ
֮춯أȥһĻ׳ۣ߲ʽ磬ȼգȼյյ㣬֣
ǲϵرУȫս뵽ֵУӿüģһֵ̣üɢ⣬죡
֮𣬽֮ٻһУƽƽȴ̺ͬһĸ£µ˲䣬üȻһ棬Ȼ֣
ΪģһƬɫܺɨһͨȫǰ׷ߣҲɫȥ˫ҪֿʱǾŸ޹ǣȴѣȻ޷Ż֮Ҽɢˡ
޹ɢɲǣɫХֱ׷ߣۿҪɣɫ¶̧üһ㣬Ȼ䣬üĺѿһ϶
϶ɢâֻۣͬ
ˣٻͨӡ˻ͼڣڻɶɲǣϧ¶ԼʿݣüڣȻкâ˸ǰһΪӵķģĺߵ˲ϢߵӾͱ޲
Ǻâһһ޷˼ٶȣֱ֣Ȼ͸ɫ𺣣ֱüģ
һɲǣӵŵŵ˺ɣüɫͼںƷҪǺɫķģǷ˸ĵֿһʱ֮䣬Ȼʤ
̫֮Уһӵз֮֮ǿһȳΪ̫֮ڵǿߣֻ̫֮ϡ٣ڣ
ڴ˵УǴ֮ˣзӡһ֮
ߣķˣȴķ߱һЩѪʶʩչ֮ÿһʩչҪķԶҲָܻ
ʿҲˣȴѧ̫֮ӡǣϷĻͼڣ㻹кͨ߶ֵĻҲǼΪɵĻȻԪʩչ֮˿һΣһֱֶȥ
ȻУӡ˻ͼڵ֣һķӡ޷ӡϾֵĻ棬̫ǿ
ݵķӡȴſ
ӺˣüĻͼ޷ѷӡǷӡ͸һϢɷһ֮
ڻͼڱӡɲǣɫȻɢӰ٣߲ʽ磬ٴλָ糣֮ǰȼգǻþΨеϵĲк֤ڷţɫǿ
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ͬʱ۵ӡƶɲǼͳüģüУӡǴĿģɢ
ҵ㣬ٷͼڣҺ̧һָգ¡ը죬ȴ߲ʽڣȻҷܣʹ֮Ϊ׳ص
ȸ壬塭ⲻܣǰ׷Ŀɿڴ¶޷֮ɫ
ָ죬˿̵ٲȻΪ֮ˣ֮Ҫɲٿ֮ף
˲£߲ʽ޾ĳ׷ߣϵ׳ظǳߺ¡ȥ
һĻͬ٣֣ǲٿ֮ˣ
֮ҲʿһսˣҪɱѹҪȡ֮꣬Ȼ̫֮Ļˣǰ׷ߵͺֱն̧֣Ŀ¶֮âȻԪַ۶
߷ɲǣٽ֮صأǵ⡣
ڣʿһǿ֮ͨ£ߵͺǰݺݵһģһɲǣͻȻһ޴ӡ¡¡Ļûӡһ֣ʱͷߣ
ӡ˫ͫ͵һ
Ϸ£ѧĴգնɱڴ֮£ҲԲ˿ϳӡϾƺӵкպ
ӡʩչʱͳһɰѹ֮£ֺɨƶȥ赲ǰײ춯֮
¶ս⣬Ѹٽӡ̧֣ͬиӡǰݺݵһģʱԭӡյԪ̾ͷֳһ֣ۣתۼ䣬һӡ߲ʽ磡
һĻǰ׷һ𾪣Ƭ̵˲ͱΪŨɱȡ
ƺ򣬺ѿӡĳ֣ѵģۿӡ໥ɱ飬ҲᷢһΣ
£߲ʽ磬Уȴͬʱӡչ֮
ǿ֪ӡֵɲǣȴ߲ʽ磬Ҫг˾޴ѷ죬ѷֿ֣ͬУǡӡڡ
ӡԼٶȣԽԽ


1213 
׷ߵӡδѧ裬ݰڣںĵ֮ͨû̫Ļȥ˽⣬ʾˣڲϵоټĿ֮󣬾ȻһЩ
ܱȲӡȴȻ߱Σ̺ӡ֮ټΪﵽڣǿͨǿƶ֮£ʹӡѱ٣
ֵӡ֮ɽ磬֮£ڿʩչѧҲƤë֮ɽӡʩչӡ֮ΪԾ춯أĻҲһ£ϢһУʹôسּѵķ϶
һ˵Ϊӡȴ̺˿̵֮ټϹϢ֮ӡڣʹӡҲԼ棡
˿ӡ֮£Ҫ߲ʽɨڲϵĽӽ£Ȼײһ
䣡
ҡɽ˺ѣӡײγһɻصĳϵ£߲֮ʽ磬̺ȻǾ޴ѷǱ˺߲ʽ磬׵һΪ
Զĳһֱעⳡս֮޷ֻоڸ𺳣⣬п˳ȥԼһҲȥκ֮أҲȥðգ
ϸˣ˿Ҳƣӷɳңңǰսɫ԰ףһ̣ȴǰжֵĶȫɢ֣Ȼ˾η֮С
˵ʲôΪȣҸͲǶ֣ϸ˵оη֮ɫŨ
ͬһ̣ƻڵɽȣΪʹɽ޲ӣʹһ̲߲ʽľ𶯣ĸܵؼԪпһµģУֵϢ
ӡײ߲ʽһΪƬ½˺ѵɲǣֱ岻ϵȥһѪɫ̲԰üĵӡǸ
ղŵһڣ̺
ǰ׷ߴ˿Ҳܣȥÿһµ涼һһĽӡɫ԰ףѪɫȴǼΪ˺ҽݺݵһֱ̤ӳ͸طĳֱֶ֮ȥ
ӡǣϷٷһΣҾͲţ桢ͼ㣬㻹еӡǣӰ磬ƿüĺݺݵһģüٴγǺɫѷ죬ڶӡǣɢ޾âֱӳ
ʩչ֮ʹԪɢ˾󲿷֣˿Ӹޱȣ˷ǸոմӷĹ˸Ϣ
Ǻɫķӡüģγ˵ڶӡסӡǡ
ɫм٣̧֣Ԫۣһѳǹٽ
ֵȷûеӡǣ˻桢֮⣬ս
ս֮⾳սҰĴУ
⾳һֱûںϣٵ˲䣬˫Ŀ¶ս⣬ü֮ȻɢµĽ⣡
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ͦεӣֱļ֧أ˭Ҳ޷նϣ
սڲǿʼȫ⻷ƣһӣǰһõսֱֳ֣ǰ׷߶ȥ
ܣ׷ߴ˿𾪣ԶԶ֮ǰɱ񣬶ԷĳԽԽѾԶԶ
ǿޱȵɫ棬Ȼ𾪣Է֮ӡ󣬾ȻֳӡǣΪӡնɱˣû뵽ԷȻҲӡΪٴʩչ˷֮ͼڣ˽ս֮һʧ㣬˾Ȼüֳһδսͼڣ
ָоǲϧԪٴʩչ֮ӡսͼڣǰ֮ˣٳһ
ָоΪǿңݵĻУȻٽХиͲʩչͨƾ֮Թ岻ϵĺ
ϣ¶һɷս⣬֮£ʹˣͬһսɣ
׷ӺˣԷΪǿֱ֮ͨ̾չһ֮սڼó˴ķЩϣȴûٰͣ㣬֮£ȭһתҽźɨʹǰ׷ˡ
׷һ˹֮ȫƾǰ֮˼һȭһУȻҲ̺˾춯֮΢ӣͻЩ
ԽսԽľ
ض̫֮УǴ̺ǹɴݣ˿£
üӡ˸һĻĻսĻвϵػطţսҰһ֮գս֣
һССսδ벽սⰻȻۼ˴ľ飬Щ飬⾳Ψһս֣
֮սΪ飬֮ս֮һֵıԴΪսսҰһ־һ˼룬һֲص
ҿ֮꣬Ҳս꣡
ҿ֮Ҳ֮
Ϊ˽ܣۣұʿϧһս
ִеģ˼ս飬˿̳磬֮ϵɢǰ׷Խľ
׷˫ȫԪȻϧ˷ѣǰγһȻ󣬽ųַֿ֮ɫ԰ף͸֮ɫٴٽɲǣ̧˫֣˫ֱӱϣ֮£߲ʽ磬һβƴѸٵɢ
ʧ֮־֮һд˵꣬ȵ꣬٣߻µɲǣȻ˵ڻʧʧ־ߣһһ߲ʽڵĸ䣬ֶ
Ǹһ֣ʱͱˡһʧߣ˫Ŀ˲Ϣ˶ݵѣѵɲǣǻ˷ɻңɢ
ǵɢһɢֱ֮գŰ׷١
Щ־ߣͬһһɢȥĵγɵֱ꣬ߣ
Χ֮ǰڻһͷͷޣ˿һһѪ⣬ǵĻǷɳߣ
̫֮֮ɢ
߲ʽ꣬˲Ϣ䣬˰׷ǰȻ䣬ȴһں£һƬɫĹâɢأϡ
ɢصȴʩչȫΪƶһʽ壬˷֮⣬˿£ʹһ֮ͳ̫ţڹħ֮ǿ֮֮
ǷͨǺĵ
ǻâߣ֮ȫɢȥɿٷǿͨ԰׷ߵΪ޷ʩչȫֻƶϢϢͻȫųԪ˿̣Ϊ֮ȴǺԥ
ʤһʽ


1214 
ɫĹâƻع鱾Դǣʹһб֮ˣֻ̤֮Уǰǰֲˡ
ٿ֮ķû⣬ǷˣǿΪйأ빦йءͨǰЩûķʹһַνͨͨһԪı仯ۡ
Ȼ˿գУΨǵи򣬷Ĺ⾳֮սƣȴԴͬ
⾳֮սȵ໥֮ĸһ֮֮һһĨɱ
֮ͬڵеĸ򶼲ͬ׷ڳΪ֮ʱҽƬ̵ĵڣһһй֮Դĵ
Ϊ֮Դеļ䣬Ϊ˻һʵϾһ䡣䲻ô˼ˣҲֹĻȥ
ͬģǰй⾳ĸȫĨȥȫɢûаڣƴδйô䣬ͲȱˣȱĲ֣ʹˣ䷲
˿̣׷ʩչģǴӵڸؼ亱ĵ֮ʼ֮Ǵ֮
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Ϣʱ䣬㹻ǰ׷˫ĿȻһգȫƹ档
ֻоһƬתУյ߲ʲ٣ܷƣѸٵı仯ճΪһƬ峺ơ
죬εεģǸɾ
УҲٵĶкִµĴһʧԶɽһڽСֱǰһУȫʧȥһƬ̵ľ֡
ԼߣһС·С·ǰǴɫ֣֮˿ַ紵ʹҶ죬лķ㣬ˡ
񡭡˯һ˫ۣǰ֮ͷ󷽣С·ľͷһƽɽ壬գʱкͯˣżȮ͡
ƺһΡͷɫУ͸ãߵվӣԶɽ⣬ϡƿһƵɽ壬ɽϵɸ¥
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أȥãУֶߴȴһ꺺ӣԲ棬Ҫ뿪ȥԡ
꺺󣬻ż׳꣬һ֣Цúö飬һ״ԪǴҲһѡ
ͷż˴˸кæӣЦԽԽԶ
֣Ҳ̫ʵˣĽüľü̷ơٻ÷ȸӡȸӡ˾ͽϡӵȵȣȸʥʣʥʣɭͿ˾Ҽǵûӣһʮһл࡭УﻹһƬģ
ȸйȸ⻹ʬڣˣʥڣڵĵطһȥ򣬸ȥƺ򡭡
ҾȻȥɽ硭ִã̧ͷʱȻ˼ſڣʹĻ˻Դ̾һ૵Σ֣УѾȥˡ
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磬ඣ
ʶվӣȥŴŴ򿪣һ׳ĺӣһ˫Ŀֵͷ⺺Цûָˡ
гֻ㱣Լ֪ôصϣˣҲ֪˶ãϡ
磬ɩ˵£ɽȡӣȥԣһ£ԺͳˣǺѵõĻᡣ
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ͽ˵ʲô֮ģ԰ɡ
Ȼһ븸ףǰٴģеһĻĻƱһǣС
Լ߳ɽ壬ʧܣ˵ĳУ뿪ɽ壬һɽЪϢʱͻȻһͷͻ֮ˤɽ£뵽һֵɽڡ
ɽڣһӡ
ӵһɲǣȻϡһ
졭桭
ϤϤʲôطƾ˼Ҳ벻𵽵ʲôط
̣⾪ͱҽȡǸϤڳ޷ʹ࣬ҵĽߣǰʱڱȻ߲֮â֡
˲Ϣ䣬ǰһƲٿԼңԾ꣬ܵĻ˾ҵı仯ڼ۵Ӷݣɽ۽ѸٶĿ죬һΣ
УӲģһȴһ꣬ĿĮݵ׷
ΣУͻȻٴģĲҽУԽԽָоԼƺҪ⵽˭
ʱܵĻʱ˱仯˿̵һ޴ɽڣһɴδйıľʹ糱ˮһȫŭҲ޷йа㱯
ټ֮ˣһһգҪټȫѪɺӣȾԹټž𣬲һڣΥģǧУúֺƷ޾ıûʹģڵϣˮ˫ĿһƬͨ죬¶һƺ˿ӵеķ
ͷһҹ׷ܣ뺮һ޷ݵ֮ڣˣ
ڷˣһ̣ȴǱӵУ⣬һɱ¾۷壬ļޣ֣
⼫֮һɲǣֶǲҽеٴδ޷ŵ𾪣
ȻǼһ׶ʲôȻ˼У֮ҲУˡˡǾ𺳵ԽԽ󣬻صأʹձغȻ̮һȫ߲֮


1215 ζ
رУʼչǰ޷ע⣬֮ϵػصã̧ͷỹϣ˫Ŀȴ͸
ǣ߲ʽ硭ʹ£Ҫ㸶Ĵֵۣᣬÿһ֣һɱ
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زճһƬ类𺣷յķ棬Ϊ߲ʽĵأ
ֵǰǰ׷ؿڱѪȾ죬ǻѪ˫ͫ׻ɢ޷ţ𾪣ʵϣʩչУּڿĵȻеڶߺը죬ĪĿ־뾪š
ڵĹУֲֿ֮һĻ̾ѪӶʱήңȻʧȥ˼֮һζȻΪһε뼫֮ս֮սûаܻʤ
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ڣԪУ̱߲ʹâƣԶ۶ӡ
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֮ٶȾǼ죬˴˼ľ룬ȴԽԽ
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ֱ仯˵ƻУǱʶڣֵĸоη塣ҧ֮£ƻֱǰȥ
׻ɢȥڰ׷ߵԪʧؼ䣬׵׵һֱеߣûг֡
ǰɽ壬ֳĬؼ׻ɢһȫʧ֮һ󰧺֮ɽ嶥
ʹİ·ǰĲգȴѲ˵ľ
ģֿԸܵڵս֮ӡǲƺɽϣ伤Ĵڡ̧֮Ųǰȥ
ٶȲ죬̤ɽ壬ɽǶ֮⣬վƾվ߲ʽߴһۿȥ߲ʽ磬ĿС
λãڵİ֮Ϊڣ޷ܵʹࡣ
ʱ˿̣̫ǳڣƯǿյĴУžžȼգڵǸϿήָ˻
Ѿˡֻ𣬲ʺֵΪûлǡɣ
һα֮ˣһ㲻ԭ򣿡Į
ΪʲôҪɡֵ֮һ֪һеĴ𰸣ȤһЩδ֪䣬ζȴУĻζôû𣬷ɡ


1216 ߲ʻ
Ŷڣ¶⣬̧ŲһȥǶڣԽԽ
̤붴һڵɲǣͻȻ߲ʽգȻͳһ޴УкХ֮죬ڶжʱʹһ֮ˣ̾ͻһ֮
Ӿ͵̧ͷͻȻֵУϡĿ⴩͸УһƬǿգǿһ޷ݵĴ
Ŀֹͣһɷĸо˲ϢȻָоļΪ죬ȴ޷ֹ
һ˲䣬߲ʽ߲ʹâɲǼŨ߲ʣȻһֱֶ̣
·һֵ̣Ϊ߲ʽڵԴȪ޾߲֮âۣвϵС
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һ޷ݵεץס޷ٿ壬ʹЩ߲ʹâֱ
أ߲ʹâԽԽ࣬ƺ߲ʽ߲ʣȫ٣߲ʽΧѾû˹һƬڰ
ǴӸ߿¿ȥĿ߲ʽһ޴ԲȦеֱ߲֮־ȥ
ڵַ߲ʹâӿ룬Խӵǿռγ߲ʺ󣬰񳹵׵ûȡ֮ģ޾ķ
統ˮһķ
ַʹɫŤ˫ĿһƬѪ죬дһ춯ص֮ͬ𣬻ص֮Уܺ¡¡ƶ
ԽԽ߲֮âڣӲҪеķȴ޷ѣԽǷĸоԽŨ
˻𲻶ϵĴд̶̵ʱڣȫˮȻʪͷ޷Զ˫ԽԽ죬ͺصˣˣ
ʧȥʧȥʶʧȥһм䣬ǰ磬˲ϢΪһƬѪɫΨһڵͷɱɱɱɱɱ
ɱһ飬ɱһأһɱŰ˿̣ƺĽǰҲԥĳɱˣ
ĸоȫֵѹסͺһͷɱ¾ޣɱԽԽ࣬ĸоԽԽŨ
˿̣߲ʽ߲֮âȻ߳ȫֵڣ߲ʽ磬ΪһƬڰ

ɫ£һ֮𾪣˿̵ڲϵ߲ʹ£Ѿɱ
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߲ʹâûκͣ٣٣أۿɼٶȣѸƬ̼䣬߲ʽ糹׵ĳΪ˺ڰû˰â
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߲ʽûаâڵһɲǣһ˫ۣҪһУԼ
⣬ؼ䣬Ļ棬֣ŭ𡭡ŭ𣬴ĻǣΪϷֵһϷ֪ܷҵָôɣڵڻƺʱգ֮ʱµĺۼ
Ѿʧȥʶ嵹˵ϣԪ֮꣬һУһâڳȼգֱڶȥ
ֵĶڣһƬ޴ҽ֮أҽðĹİɢڵ壬ܣÿһ棬һɿݵĺǡ
ܸƯÿһУӡĵ
ǰ֮Ǵڴ
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һ̣ܱʬ壬ҲһεκɫҺ壬ҽڣʹҽ
âһɲǣⶴѨڵȻȫڷɳ޾ȫҽͬʱЩʬ壬ҲһһƬĺɫҺ壬ҽںϡ
˲Ϣ䣬ҽϹİȻ֮ص£ҽʼתڷӡڻγһ޷â붴Ѩ˲Ϣɡ
ҽתԽԽ죬Ƭ̣ͺƴ͸ⶴѨͨһ֮ӵǿգ
һޱ޼ʵǿգǳڣһӴ󷨣֮С
ÿһǳ󷨵һ֣󷨵λãƻֲֲɫͬһ߲ʣǲֻаɴС嫵ǿȣʵ΢
ǿյĴڣȴΪֲǿգǿе󷨣ȫΪṩֲֶڣ
߲֮֮ʽһѷ֮ޱ޼ʵĵջ֣֮ʹǲϵֱ
򣬲ǶڣǱԴ֮ͨ˻Ʒ֮ϣǴںϣʹڣÿȥһʿ֮бУΪ֡
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˲֪ãУʼղϵسϵؽУϵշ֮ˣһȥĵ
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ַ֮ʹԵ
˿ֲֲ̣ͨ꣬ڣϥһߺǡ⺡֮ϣģɢڹ⣬Ѹٱֲա
ֲͨ仨使ޣѪֻϵĻ꣬˿Ѿ䣬ֻʣ˼Ƭ棬Щȫ֮ʱеĳֲһ̡
ʱͻȻֲԱߵǿУһѷ죬һɺâѷ˸ֱȥ˲ϢڣǺâУԪڣֲУںǵԱߡ
ֲյһ˿֣ȫ䣬֮䶯أȴһɫĹʵ
ʱţ֪ȥ˶ã㡣
ֲѷ죬ҲСƺҪɢ
ֲڵ֣ѾɢˣڵĵطһƬɫҺأɫҺУԱߵĺǣҲɢˣһƬϽ֮âΪɫҺһ֡
ʱţһꡢʮꡢʮꡢʮꡭ
ƺȥ˺ܾãܾá
ЩɫҺ壬ԽԽ٣ȫΪʵɳ֣ǵļ٣ǹʵس󣬽ΣƺѪ
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ңɻڻָ֮ҿԻش㡭ᡭڣصһɣ
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1217 
ֽ߲ʽʱ䣬һɨȥ˾ʮꡭ
ʮУڣ˾춯صı仯ʥڵǿƳ֣һٺɨ˲ĸɡǿбѹʬڣʹ֣һͬԿ
ʬԭûвȥĴ㣬Ǳ̵ͷǴʥ֮䣬κһҪʤƺҪʬڵİ
첢֮ˣһ㣬ʬڲ⣡ģսס
ʬڻսõĽȥûоͷ
һУһ˳ױˣʥʣ̤ʬڣƾһ֮ɱʬڳʬڲдƵʬڱչضҲǵһ֣֮չĴս
գʬڵһ׵׵İ䣬ʥĿģҪɱ֮ѣ
һսʬ𺳣ȫȫ֪ʥڵǿ󣬸Ƕʥʣ˴δйĿ־塣
ʬڣòʥڵһͬ쿪ս
һĴսսУɭѣƿ󷨣ȸ˳
ĳ֣̾ʹ𾪣ɭȫƾϲŭһ֣̾ʿǣһ˳սɨ֮£Ȼɱʿ
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㣬̫
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㣬ʲôط֪ˡ˿̵ٻ÷ϥһ׵̨ϣɫ԰ףȻ˻ǰУʿĵֿס
ȴսɱ޵̧˫ңԶԶ
ƺڣһƬУһĴ½ľüԪƿ˱ݣӵ
ձɭˣ֪ΪΣΨһڵģҪٿһۡ
֣֪ڣɰáĴ½һɽ嶴Ѩڣľü˫ۣǰһִδйĹ¶У
ú䣬磬һ˹¶ĬĬֺ䣬⣬ɽ⺮ʣľüˡ
˿̣߲ʽ磬û˹â֮󣬰һƬڰһԪɢɽ壬ʹˣ޷롣
ƻͼ룬ȴʧܣΨڸѰһĬĬڵ磬ȹ˰ꡣ
ϸˣ߲ͬʽڣںڰиµš
Ǳֵ֮ɽ嶥һʬƽһֵ壬ܹȥ˰꣬ȴû˿ĸãŰǰӣֻ棬ȴ˻ҳ
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һ죬ǹʵڣһʶʶƺչʵڵ֮׳ģΪһӡ
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˵ᱻָ֮šֻţá
ô
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1218 ֮
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ǰԶһǣûκιâɢΨûƣһ˥ϵĳߣ֮ŴϢĿŨŨ
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ӣƽϣһ޷ݵѹʹƬڵһ飬Ϊ֮Ϊ֣֮
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󷨳˺ĲȻûаƾɭιʼմڣķκ̤벽
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ţǷڵ󷨣ȴٴ۳ââɫ̾һɫĶ̽ûһĽֱɭ


1219 
ɭĿһ׵һ죬бк¡һصȴһ޴ѷƾճ֣ì֣
һץסìɭͺ֮ǰʱһӣȻпزϢɨ֮£ֱӾɫ̽һ
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⣬ΪɫѪһʹ󷨶Ѫ֮Уһʹ̾ؼ䴫
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Σ룬˭Ҳ޷ֹҳ忪󷨣ɭ˫Ŀͨ죬üĵһǵ㣬ȻԴȴǵǵҲɳǣǰںϣȻһ
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һ˲䣬Ĺͬʱɭ֮ϣţǾ޴ĸͷնֱӿϡ
ǺȻɭѪɫٶȴǸ죬Ǹͷڶնµɲǣײ֮ϣ
һײ춯أһײ𾪽Ĵɽ磬һײô˿̽ĻߣĿɿڴ
δƿ󷨣һ̣ҵĲҪգȴȻ޻٣ɭײϵײԽӾҡ
īۿǸͷһһε£ÿζɭѪ˵صȻ񣬲ϧչͿ˾ǰδɵī
һɲǣһɺɫȻɭȫ£ǸͷȻһ٣ԥ
һ˲䣬ɫ󷨣
ɭȻУǣȻγһ޷Ļ֮ϣʹ󷨣һΣһѷ죡
ѷֵ˲䣬ɭ˳ȥ
ЦɭѪǵصüģȻһˡ
֣ˣҿһΣܣ


1220 ֮
˿̣ǽ󷨿ٳ򣬲ڽڣҲڽ֮ڣ߶䲻ͬɫֲУһĹʵԽӵĽ
ʵڣӻתɢһɫĻ棬ڹʵڲʹʵɫΪĿġ
ֹȥãʵڣɫĻ⣬˵˸ڲƣɫ棬ںϡ
һս֮⾳ʵڵҺΪ֣ɫ磬Ϊһ塣
סսߵںϣ磬Ͳܳɹ̫̫Ĺʵڣ޾Уȴܵ飬˷츲صת䡣
Ҫǣʵڣ棡
ʱ仺ţģһµ⾳֣⾳Ϊ̫֮ʽûһΪ棬һΪ٣һΪһΪһΪһΪ
̫ӵ⾳û֮̾Ͱѻ桢ս֮⾳ն̫ӣΪһУתУ˹ʵڵһС
棬Ǵ̫ģ֮ת
һĻĻֶѵ״̬¸ܵ˿̵״̬ģɢַڣ̫תסս׵ıڡ
𡭡֮ʶڣૡ
ֵ˲䣬̫ɵĹʵȻҺľ̫ڣЩĵȫи֮ߣһ
ֵգʵ޲٣ڵҺ岻ϵıɣǹʵһЩ塣
£˺ƳһֻڣȻΪһվǿеߣ˫ֻػٿء
ȻֳΪһӣּ̧һΪ𺣡
ǳΪһ֮ˣһƬ߳Ųȫա
һֻأвϵس֣ÿһһζڻڲϵֻУЩ̺˻֮ĵȫֵʶںϣؿУΪԼһ֣
һ̣ԶϹšɽĴ磬и֮ˣΪֵ֣һĸ򣬾ȴǱߣΪֵ֣ȴǱȫա
ףгͷ֮
ڶɲǣ޴ĹʵȻۿɼٶȣɿСڴҺȫգ̺ĵǷֵʶڡ
ؼ䣬һ֮ʿʿԶ֮ˣһ̣ȫӿֵʶڣƻǧؼ䣬˴Զ£
ΪһİдϤʿʿԶ֮ˣһδεУһδεĸУӵ׵
սв֮
磬Ǳնڣ̺һʿһսֵʶڵȼһɾ춯ص־Ŀ¡
ǹʵΪСҺֲϵ£ɴСĳɫֲΪ֮
ʱ߲ʻڵڣͻȻһ𾪵
Ϊλήģһɼǿֱٵ˲䣬ʵڵ棬Ȼһ֮âܻɢһ
̾ͱĵء
صɲǣֻ֣ǹʵĿήȴת֮ͼɣϵĹƤ̱ɫľ⣬ȫ̫ͼմ
ûнʵʧ˲䣬ǳɫֲҵĲȻۿɼٶȣĿήȴֲȫӲգȫ֮ڣ
ֵʶ̾͸ܵһ޷ԪȻ⾳֮ǰϵ·ɿ
ŷգ̺ԪĲ룬̾ȫҪĴ
Ǿҵʹ࣬·˺⾳ʶ٣סս
ֵһУһɲȫڻȫΪĸ򣬳Ϊһɴδؼ֣һµĹ
ֵɲǣֵΪһڶͻ˾ڣﵽ˾ڣ
ֹ̺֮УסսΪؼ䣬ֵĵףս٣
ΨڶΪһ壬ٵʽʹڶ̶̵ʱڣӾڣֱӳΪ˾ڵʿ
һлûн£ûκ˲УڣŲϵظŲϵգڵΪžԲչ˳ƺǾԲҲ˿յľͷ
δ˵һ̣֣޵ĽӽԲ޵Ľӽ֮Ĺ֣ʱ߲ʻ֮һ⹵֣ȴǴΧС
һԵҪĹؿеҩ˵ҲҪ֪õ²ſɣ
ֻ£ĵ򣬶յֻضֵҪʱ׵תֻûʱϸ˼ʧ
ĸܵ棬һַٶȣֲ֦ȫľͬǵȼ۽һ㣬ȹѣͱҪ㹻֮
״ֲ̬İУѾ֪ԣÿһοҪɰ֮
ʱպȻڣɻʱҲܴԵ컯Ի£һΣ֮
֮֮ūԲΪѰҼΣҸлİⱾѾǽôȡߣūк𣡶յ֮һЩкηң֮
棡ǲϵһɲǣ𾪣ǿһŤȴһ۵ߣȻûֱĶ̫ĵ棬һͳ
ٵ˲䣬̾ͱֹʮ֮⣬˿޷벽ĿǱѾĪѪֲ־ų͵߲ʻеĳ֮˲Ϣ䣬׵׵ıգ
ֲＱСʧƬڣ߲ʻӴֻ֮ʣʣ
ȫ̫֮Ҳ̱սڣأһֻ̣֮Ʈڰյ棡
һɲǣ֮ϱ˴Ŀ֮ââɣͬʱһ޴֮ţڣ
֧֮أһɲɣϢɢűպϣûа϶


1221 ֮
ǰһУĿ¶޷ţͬʱȴз̰˫֮£ٴγ
ٽ˲䣬޴ţشˣ򿪵ɲǣһǿںȻɢֱߵϡ
һҽ¶־壬Ӳǰ壬Ǽۺˡ
⡭֮ĪǸȫ˲Ϣȼգ¶һݵӣȴðǿ£ǿҲҪڻ
ſһصϢ˲Ϣص˳ŷ󷨣ϣ
󷨣˲Ϣ䣬ɭȥãһһΣǴδֵһ飬Ҳûˡ
һ飬Ȼһö壬һȻͳ޾Ĳƣ֮죡
һ̣̫֮еǿߣȫܵһ𺳵ϢϢ֮һЩ̫̫õϹ֣İ
ϢǲһɲǣһƬհףȫ־ȡ
֮
ڽ⣬ڵĸ̫ܲΨĴǿߣɸܣ֮ڣϥһͯӣͯӣͷȷʵףϥһ
ʱƤһȴ͵˫ۡ
˵Ϣ
֮ɽ磬ĬĬشͼָΪһ˲䣬ȴ˫۱δйľ⣬͵վӣңԶĺһ
ʦ𣡣
֮ɽ磬޾֮ɽһ·ϣϥһߣƵȫΪʯͷ
һ̣˫Ŀȴ̳ѷ죬֮Уƺܾúܾûпص˫ۡ
ϼһϢ¶֮âƺӳ˯и֣Уã˫ۣٴγΪʯ
֮ڣһϣһŮӭվһɽ嶥գ˫¶׷ã
벻ˡ˭ϢϤϤ
ͬһ̣֮ڣһϣһɽ˯һ꣬ȴһ͵ӣԶ֮ͷ
һΪЩϼһץӣϢôоϤ꣬ǵʱͻȻֵѷڣӳ֮ˣ
滯Ĵţڴ򿪵ɲǣڣ߳һˡ
Զڹâвɢߣ¶֣ܿ죬ȴüͷһ塣
Ƿ֮ĪǷڶˣϢǿηĸоǴˣǴĴţ
ǴӴ߳ߣ֣
ûֻһԪ
Զ˫Ŀһҧ֮ǰһӣȴ̾һƬֱǰȥ
ɱˣ棬ɣɲȥ˼𣡡
ȫ֣Ӳǿ⣬ڲϵɢ£ֱֶһֻڵצӺֱ̽Ǻݺݵһץ
ĿһܵһɵԴϢĳɫȴǼΪƽĶѸٵצ˳һ֮ڡ
ٽɲǣͻȻţȻǿ⻷ƣͬʱڴ֮ͻȻһֻ޴ֱۻû߱Ǻݺݵһץ
һȫȻһɱԴĳͼֿǾ޴ֱۣԱлɱ֡
Ǻıȴ˿ûʹǾ޴ֱаͣ٣Ȼ٣ץߡ
ƾ㣬޷ֱܿ۵ץȡҧ֮£ҧ⣬Ȼûһֱ֣ǳֱۡ
ʱǾ޴ֱȭٶͻȻֱӺɨ֮£ȻͬʱֱۼۣһѾץ˳ֵϣݺݵһ
Ǳǰһƴ֮¡¶Ц̾һӻһƬӰɢһա
ʼգֶɫĮûа仯ɢ֮ţâٴ˸ѸһƬģʧһգ棬ԪԶۣƿ˴˵򣬽뵽ڣӰ
ƽ˰߲ʽ磬һգ֮ɽ֮ϵգĹââ߲ʽɲǣһģӰû¶ãп̾һĿ⣬ɽ֮ǻҳһʬ档
һΡһꡭӰૣɽϵʬڣ֮ںϡ
ã˫ۣȻ֮صȴǻҳɢγɷ籩ܺɨ
˯˰һΣվӣɲǣڴһɾڵϢϢ˲Ϣ͵۷壬Ȼ֮£ͻƣﵽ˾Բ
Ϣûнٴη˳
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һδؼֹӡǣһµĹ
˿̣ӡ˸Уüģ֮һüϣȻӡ⣬һ̫ͼתɢ֮âӡǽСΪһǵ㣬ü˸ȥ
ǵ㣬ôƺ֮ǣΪƣоǹüĳµĹǵ㣬ôпܣΪǡʮǹ
ǵֵɲǣȻͱһϢϢ֮ǿ춯أ
˫Ŀ¶̧ѸԼ£ɫк󣬵ûͣ٣ٴε£ӡӡƺͣ
ڵϢɢڶĽ֮¡
ϢΪﵽ۷壬ȥ⾳ûȫ˽ĥ͸̣ʹΪӴ֮粽УַʽպӰ̫
δϧʶзӡ⾳󣬲һһ򿪷ӡһȴһʧһʹΪǿĿ˸⡣
ھԲֻ̤ľ磬֪ϹһͨͷжǿڣԲܷʤ֮ӦÿʤԲûսδ֪лᣬӦ֮һսüӡǵ㲻ܿƵ˸ʹȫһŨŨս⡣
ѹǵ㣬üͷ֪ûȫ˽ٿصı֡
ˣ֪ЩΣ߲ʻڣ׳˯˶áӦжʮ˰ɡ˫¶֮âǿţһֱ߳ɽ壬ǰȥ
˷ȥ֮ɽˣȡޣƺڣҲʸȥһǲ֪ɭûѶ
ʱ˿̣̫ǳڣããǺڣɭ㶵ǿգҧɫΪŭȫҪܿһĳ嶯
Ѿ࣬ϧһǣǵڵĵʿǿƿ󷨣˳Ϊľ֣£ȴƾθӦ˿ֵܲϢ
ڽڣڽ⣬ȴϢĪܲвɣΪͲܣɭŭ𣬺˫ۣ¿ȥԶһƬƺסŴ̫֮ŭ޴ɷȭͷȻȥ
֣һ죬ҵ㣬ɷͷ֮ŭ


1222 ƻӵľη
ִ˼̤ɽ֮⣬˿ɽ嶥ѷѾʧ߲ʽĹâҲɢȥٴΪ˺ڰ
ڵǰʶɢɽҪۣһ٣ͷԶһɽȡ
ңƽȴһɲݾܾϡ
ﺮ䣬紵ɽڻصǳ߲ʽ磬γ˺¡¡ľ죬Գ棬ʹһ֮ˣ
ƻϥɽһУɽҫ߲ʽѷʱ붨ѣ֮ģһľĪĿ־塣
²⣬ǰǰ֮ˣƺ»ˡ
ǰɱȻʣ²࣬ԥУͻȻܵһɢϢȻ֣ͬʱĻһѰкȻʹܻûֱӴ͸Ԫϡ
ɫ԰ףߺƻصȫɫĻ棬ڱȼգǻڣʹ˲Ϣ䣬ȫһƬľ
𾪵ģоȻһҪս⣬սйȥ˵˿̣ȴǱһ⾳ԼڣһʹԪս濾ʹ֮£ΪȻҺ߳
ÿµǣУּΪǿҵĸоԼ̳ȥֻԷһͷͻ̼Լ
⡭⡭ôᡭôǿƻѪɫһ־壬ĸܵ˿̵֣֮ǰ֮
ûκԥƻ̳һ۾ͿƮе֣ڿֵ˲䣬һƬհףΨһɲǣȡȫ
һƬûκϢƻӸоһ̣ضΪ˶Է֮ƣԼڣӲԼȫĲԼУǰ֮˵ڡ
ǰ֮˵üģһƬհףƻȴǿҵĸоǿհ׵üĴƺһֻ۾ĶԼ
۾̺󲻵ĹƺԼ˿ȼյɫǿԱԪս⣬ȫֻ۾ڴ
ǵ걻ҵĴͣʹɽڣеޣܿ־壬ȣ֮ǰĿ־ʵ΢ִϢǿ󵽺ɨ߲ʽ磬Լǰͬϣ
ָоԽԽǿңƻɫԽӲ԰ס
ɨƻһ̧ۣ֣ʳָգĿƻ˫ײ
һӡǣ֮ϻûƻӻȥӡǲ죬ƻҪܣΪɡ
ֵĿ£ƻӶͷڳ亹ȴһҲҶǿҵΣԼһ£ôȴԼģնɱ
ţԷ˲ɱָо޵ôһԤ֪Уδһо£
ӡԽԽƻȴǷһеֿӡüģӡȥ
ӡµɲǣڻûĪɫԪڵս⣬ȫüۣӡںһ˸˼ºʧ
ƻӰ˿ڴɫΪūμˡ
ΪȻһ۾Ϳӡǲɱ֮ӡٿأԷû˵ٶȴǰѺ¶ɡ
ҪôΪūҪôΪ꣡
ֵȷôģƻӲۣôնɱĿƻջأƽ˵ҳ˯˶á
ƻĿɬȴûа㲻ģֻЩ㱣뵽ǰĶԷڵ𣬸̾
˿ԣæ˳˯˾ʮꡣ
ɫ糣ȴһǰڰأĬ
ԭȥôá
ƻӲҴֵĳ˼ӵĿһۣһĻĻ˵λһ㣬ôҲ벻ʱԼм֮ˣΪԼӡ
Ƭ̺һΣֱӻؼ伲۶ȥƻæ̾Ϣ
ִ˿̵Ϊ죬ûã˾īɽ֮֮ǰ׻£׻ֵ̺־ʶõ˱档
һӣ̤ɽڣ˽ȥƻӹվɽ⣬ûֵķԸҽɽȰ벽
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ɭӦѾˣĿһֱһȥʶɢһ֮˿
һУеԪѾΪĩЩ޻Ҳɢ޵ڵϣк֮ڣΪƺû
ʶ̽ɲǣ˫ۣ͸ãܿϲ֮ɫֻʱΪȱԪʶûеõ׵ɱ䣬޷ѳ
ֿһʹ򿪶ӽڣһץдѷ֣õԪʱȫɳܡ
ЩԪֵ˲䣬̾ɢŨŨԪֱѰӿȥѸٱգʼ˼ɱ䡣
ȥѳӦûɢ͸ɽȣƻ
ƻ̹ǣӻֱԶ
ϥڰǰڣڣΪӣƺ뿪ϣѾˣãȻڵأûнǰԼһ
ʦʦֵǣ˿ӦھŽڵսɱӦȥĵطҲӦ
Уûй磬¶ĬĬȹѾѵһɲǣ˰Ĵ˵Ȼ˹ȴóģ̲
뿪ǳǳҪ뿪֮УԻ潫գ͵վӣԶ𶯡
ô
ȴ뽹УԶһ۾Ϳǳڵƻӣпһ˺󼸲Ŀ
ƻƮڰգĿ˳һۣ˵µѣ룬Ϸһ˰ɡ
ˣһ㣬ĬƬ̺ƺ뵽ʲô˵ƻԶһͬȥ
ʱ˾īɽȣĸֵܵϢ¶ϲ
µٽɽڴֵæǣż̤ɽڡһ۾ͿȱڶֵӰ
ֺ֡󣬼˲ĵȴһͻȻ˾ͷҲԿ
Ԫȡһͷ
㹻̧˺ѷ죬̾ʹóһĵݸ֡
ֽӹʶһɨһ仰ת붴
ң뿪
仰ڳ˵Ѿ˰꣬˿ѹڵգƺһ̣գҲ˹
ڿԳȥˣ


1223 
ڵһڣִ˴Ԫ֮࣬ԿȷѼһ˦ڵԪ̲ϵطɳܵĽϡ
֮ȴ֮ǰóԪȻһԪ˷ɻɢɢ˲䣬µԪ¡
ԪԴԴ˳ŽӿڣأϵŨлĻָ
ϣɫɢ¶˵֮â
âֵܵɲǣȴһѹɢ
ļκһΪ֮ʹԪټֶΣʹޣɱɹ
Ԫϵ룬޵ľԽӺҲˣͺ𴫳ڴڵԪ˽߳ɺ죬Ȼѳ״ڷɲǣĿһӣڣ͵һȴǰѣȫɡ
˻˳Ŷһɫ޴Żߣ޴ĿϵĦֵӣԵüΪ˷ܡ
޵ĴСҲı䣬˿̵ֻɣϣȴ͸һɿȾϢ
¶΢Цһӣɱﵣûг׳Ⱥ֮ʱ˿
ֳ߳б¶֮ȫߣǾ޴ĵ¯֮ǰʧ־ߵĶ˿ڿտգڵ׷һսУŰ׷ߵٻ
ǵڰ˼䶴ߣҲʧӰΨһƬǻ
˾īܰͬŶҵգûһѣȫɢˡְ̾վڵ䶴⣬̧ʯϡ
½Ȼ𣬻ɢȴ˫Ŀһ䣬ȭݺݵһ֮ص£̱һɼΪǿĳɽʯڡ
һɲǣü⾳ǵȻ˸һ춯֮֮µɽʯгһƬѷ죬
һĻɽڵĳۿֵĿ⣬ӾηɽƻҲвһ
ɽʯһ̣ĸܵԼ֮꣬Ҫǿָ̫̫࣬оܺá
붴ּûʶһɨȻϣڼ¼Ĵе½
編ƣѵ߼䶴Ҳ򿪣ȡһöʶɨ½ȫ
½ΪĴ֮һ˾īҲҪſƺƵҪܣѧᡣҴ˽̫ΪΪˣڽƵǷ켫ֵһȱһƿ½
Ҫģ˾ī½Ҳܵľ裬Ͼʱ̫̣ҲֻѧһЩѡ
ֽƣֲ˿ԼѧʶҪ½ΨԼſա
˾īĶϽ࣬Ϊصģǵھż䣬ֵֻǿ߲ƣ֮
˿ǰУ˵ھż䶴⣬ַɽʯϣһɽʯִĲƣŤн͸Ŀ磬һ۾Ϳ˶ڣǺڣ¶޷Ĩȥ߲
߲֮ɽʯ͸ڵɽȣҲ
ɽʯڶе߲ϡУ֮߲λãһߺǡ
һ޹ǣӣһͷС¹ֻ޹֮ϣȴǲһѶ̽
ڿһе˲䣬˫Ŀ⣬ļǵãԼ߲ʽ磬ҲֹһĻ
ףһĻʲôĬãȭɽʯ֮ص£ɽʯѷ죬ȴδ
üͷһ壬ٴȭڶɽʯһ죬ƺɽȶڲʯ䣬ɽʯѷ࣬ձƬɢ
ڵ߲ûΪɽʯıκα仯ʼţ䶯šĿһ̧Ż붴ڣ߲ͣ£ʶɢĹ۲
ãɫһȴǿһЩߣЩƾճ֣ƺƺǴ¹ϵ
˼Ŀ˸̧Ҫ߲ڣʱͻȻɫһ䣬Ȼֹͣ˿̵ĸܵԪڵʮ˵ӡУӷĻǣҪĳ
ǵһΣӡڣֻصĻǣȻû£ļ
˲Ϣͽӡڣںɨʮ˲˷ӡӻ֮㣬ԥĳڣ֮ںϡ
أȫϢȻ˾춯صı仯Ʋ֣ǳΪһɫƽһ飬ȫĲٿ£ûκ飬ݡ
ӵĻǣĲǶǰ߲Ŀֿ֮ǿңӡͿȫ˽⡣
ôҵҪ߲кã¶֮âͣٵֺԥ߲ڡ
һɲǣ̷߲֣˲Ϣɢһգɢ˲䣬¶޹ڣȴٴ߲ͬ֡
Ԫֱӽ뵽˷ӡУӵĻǷգһֺѪĴʹַ·𿴵һӱӡڣںϵĻǣ
ʱ仺ȥһ󣬵޹ǲɢ߲֮ڵȫӻգ꾧ӨϥգأǹֺܲϲĸоԽԽ
Ȥֹ۲Ƭ̣ջʶĿ˵޹еĶ̽
γ˽ϸĿһۣҲзӡ֮ǰõǰѣһһڶ̽γɲǣ޹һȴ̮Ϊ˹ǻҡ
Ƭ̣֪ʱǽ⿪ӡʱ򣬱̽߳˶
ڵգǣ뿪˵ţһζųɽȣƻӽֱ߲ʽıԵۡ
Ϊף֮£ԶȻһϢȴϸ˸ƺԥҿңңĸں档
ĵ߿գ߲ʽıԵ֮ǰʱڼֻ̳֮˿̣Ǽ̳ѾΪ˷档
վ˫ԺиִӲӼڻõ뿪˵صķӡƬ̼䣬˫ԽԽ죬һӡǷɳǰգɢ֮âͬʱƺһѷ죬ؽҪ򿪡
˲Ϣ䣬ͻȻɫһ䣬˫ֹͣ͵̧ͷֻڵգɲУȴһ޴У¡¡Ļûƾճ֣صͬʱڵƺƬΪеһ֡
Ŀ⣬̺ŲɣȻֱ֣£
˱ôҪ뿪ˣ


1224 
Ƶףպ¡٣Ȼ𶯴زгѷ죬ƴؽҪǱںڰڣ治ϵش
ɲǣһѹӰ˷ۣ¡Ž٣߲ʽ磬Ϊһ֮أԸ޾֮зļѹ
Ϊѹ£ԪһѪʶ˺ɫóҩ£ĵֿ
ƻɫ԰ףգĿ£ȫƳĴʹ֮£ڴ֮ɫӲ԰ס
Ϸ˫ͫѪɫȻһƬ֮Ӱ֣òǿתʱʱ
ΨӰͦɣؼһѹٽɲǣ̾ͳŤһɹ⣬زݣ
е˫Ŀһﲻȴǽս
㣬һ֮²͸ɳĻᣡڲϵһƣشµɲǣյкȻת
תٶȣȻ͵۷壬֮£ĿҲ֮ת֮صǰ
ɲǼ䣬к¡¡Ľһɻ֮·ǰҲҪ˺ѣΪеһ֡
еĽ٣ؾҵĲڰ޾˺֮˷
ѪеĽԪƻϸҲԪһ¶֡
н֮Խ֮죬¡ѹ£ֱ٣˫Ŀ˸⣬ȻһԾͬһֱնȥȭսٵУǾһ
һص߲ʽһȭ£ڵ߲ʽ磬Ȼ޾ûһĻͬǰߵʣһУ
ĳ֣ȫһȭȭɲǣޱ޼֮³ֵȭۣһ޷ݵĳֱգ
֮ϵػصеĽ٣ȴ˿ûֹֺͣݺݵѹ£ڰգȫ죬ĸܵڴҪԼԪԼԪᣬԼ飡
ҪԴУҪҳֵĻصɨ·˶Уƻҧ֮һԾվ࣬һ˦ȫ޾һ˻ʹƻɫʱ
ϸɫ԰ףȴûԥһվҲ࣬˫֮£һƬ⣬͸Ѫȣ̺֮䣡ڣ˸ĽƷġ
һɳߣվ·˫һУȫëĴ򿪣һ˿˿޻Ϣϵɢȴ⣬Ȼʮֻ޻ûڣȻֻʮ֮꣬˵˿꼫Ϊûǰ֮Ҳˣ
ֲȥˣü⾳֮˸ȭſ֮ʶʱ˲Ϣûݺݵ
һ֮кηЦӰֱӳٴٽǲϽٵУһĻͺձˣŴص£һ·ߣҪ飡û
ֲϵسȫ˸һս̺ȫʹȻһҪԵƣ£ƺ£Ҳᱻһɱ֮·
սĴ£ƻӵͺȫƵȻóһѺɫ׶ӣѪ棬ͬ˷ӡʱʹ׶ɢһɲɣһ֮ŲУȥ
ƻӵѪҺһ̣ƷڣȥͿ岻
ϸѪɫ˫ȴǼΪ¶ᶨһӼ䣬ʱֻΪݣٲȻ⣬ǽ֮£ͬһ壬ֳ
ںͬͺ޻ۣܣĳ
ĵ磬ΪףյУϵؽӽԽԽ
˲Ϣ䣬һսⰻȻꪺɨ̮չ֮ͨȫԪת֮ڳ֮£ͬƿһϣ
ȻУ˺һȱڡ
̫֮֮£һܲס޻ȻһһѪ⣬ȫڣԪĳ֣ҪӳУȴ̫ǿۿҪ׵ı롣
ӦҳȥӦģԪ񴫳
صɲǣ͵תһץֱӾץס˳Ԫ֮
һԪһΪһֱɣһߡһΣֱȱڶȥ
ƻӸڳеɲǣȫ֮ѪǰȫǷҲǱǷǷűһ˲䣬Ǳ˺ȱڡ
ϸҧֱȱڣǰУȫ𣬸ѪۿԽԽеȱԼٶϣΣ֮Уϸ˫һüģȻһȴ࣬һӰ
һһ긾ˡ
ӰڳֵɲǣѡԱȻ䣬ӲΣ£ѰҵһԱ֮Уϸ˳뵽ȱڡ
һУûнǸոտʼ
дˣֱ˴ϣ¡¡£ؾҵĲͬʱȴǹ䶯ԼٶȣأȻɽ͹
ڵλ¿ȥĿһĻ
⡭ǡƻѪ£˿ȴûκγľϲǴŴأ¶޷뺧Ȼ
Աߵϸˣ̫أ˿ɫήң۾ȴͬ¶ҵľ֡
أһɲǣȻΪһ޴ƣ֮壬ȻƵָǵ֮ǰڰгֵĴѷ죬Ƶƣ
֮޷󣬸һԶԶ֮ǰ̮̺ѹ߲ʽûڻɢ
νһ߲֮ʽΪƣɽΪָѷΪƣ⣬ǲɣеһ֮
˿̣֣ƻӣϸˣȫ߲ʽڣҲ֮У
֮ǰɣƣĻĻص⻰ĺ壬˿ȻΪԣ
ӳģ
һ̣߲ʽγɵƣؿʼ£һɺƵ֮¡¡£ָ£ͺȭһѣڵϣ߬
ɫûκη壬һŨŨսȫѪҺڣü֮Уһģеǵ㣬ɿתǵģ⾳֮ǣէһǹ
սɣסꪣһɨͬһսɣֱ·ȥ


1225 ָ
Уָϵӵ²ŵĽָɢһâ⣬תγһɷ籩ڷ籩ڣֱ·߲ʽ绯ľ޴ٽ
ƻԥһ£ҧн󣬳ȥ
ϸˣ̫أ˿̲˼ϿշȥͼܿƵȭ
߲ʽ绯ƣں¡¡ľ£ָҪڵ֣׵飡
һĻأɽָԼٶȣŴ̶ĺХɽѹϿգһ̱ӰռݣĶǡ
ۿģƵСĴָָδٽп棬˷֮ǿƺޣʹ±ʹһȫ
УϸˣһɫһƬңȴԽԽߣҪӳġ
֪޷ŵľ޴ƣĿ֣ʶֻҪԷôƾͻɢһжƽ˿̵Ҳȥ߲߳ʽ磬Ψһͷȥ
ΣҲҪȥ
ֻҪ֮ͦҾͿɻϸѪɫҧ֮Ÿߴȥ
˫Ŀ¶ս⣬ۿƵСĴָХָӴޱȣȡСգ˿Ųϵٽֱ֣
˲֪Ƿ֮⣬ҳӳΪҪӣӳԡһսֳЦüĹ֮Ǽת̧һָ
Ȼһɺڷأڷ֮Ũ죬ǺڷУȴûŭ֮ʳСĴָ
ֵɲǣյĺڷڣȴǵԭֵΪȻǼޣǹ֮ǵս֮⾳£ȴƿ⼫ޣӲٳ˵
ſɴ֮ĺѸپٵСĴָײȥСĴָΡ֮ɽôҪײɽɽ壬Ĳݣ
֮˲Ϣ侪춯أһɾ޴ĳŭӿܷɢ˳Ӳ˷ڲϵؽӽٴһָա
Ȼ䣬ϵײһɲǣһ֮Ϣڣ̺һճĸоɲǼ䣬ؼޱ޼ʵľ˸ȴһεˮ̶
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һӵɲǣЩ罣£֮ȴ޴ƣ˲ϢУһƬƬװ׵ĺ˪գ£˱㣡
СĴָǱ󲿷ֵˮ٣ɨ֮£ױ˱ڣȴΪֹڱɲǣ̺Ȼ֮ǻ֮ı仯
仯ΪûǰչֳΪǿټս֮⾳Ĵ̼ʹû֮˾ҵı仯
֮Ǳ֮ǱԱ֮ԶԶ˱ľ޴󹥻
¡¡ı֮˲Ϣ䳷أ߲ʽ绯ָһ𣬵Ȼû˿ͣ٣Ȼ١
СĴָҲֻ𶯼£ƾ
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Ȼƴˣʩչɱһָأдͺȣ
ɽ
غȻ𶯣ȴǰûľ޴ɽڻ䣬֮壬ȴɽϣ
һ˲䣬ȫȻ޾ɱ¾֮ȴ˻ӵɱ¾֮һ̣ȫʩչЩɱ¾֮أ֮»һѪɫɱ¾ֵ֮ͨһֱԽԽСĴָȥ
һУڵʯ䷢ָ£ɲǳ֡
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öĻɽɲǾСĴָص˾춯صĺײ£Աˮ㣬ϵۣϵر
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һϸΪѪԪӳȴͬ˵֣һ˦ֱԪ
߲ʽƣָʧ˰ʧȥ˰ָͷСĴָȴδȫɢǷ֮ԼٶȣѸۣ
һָͷֵۣһн֮˿ʱΣ˿Σս͸ֱϸٵʳָȥ
Ҫ죬ʳָ⣬ָҲȻٽȫõһЩָͷۣȭԼȻûа
һΣ¸Σߣȴǿһ
ʳָٽɲǣһץ̲ӴοˮȻУѪڽϣϧһд߷οȫǱһֱ֮ʳָȥ
ˮ̾ͷһɾ춯صĽϸǱ콣ڽֱʳָ
οĴں֮ַ֮ƾǿ˿̳ӵһնϵ֮ٵʳָ˲Ϣһ
֮ɲǻص£ֵĵͺƺЩ΢ȴʹˮ˸ǿĹ
齣
ֻµɲǣˮȻγһ޷ǿʹʳָһ٣
ʹѸڴռһӣ̴һγһͬĴοϢȻ
ӵĴڣǰһοһɫս˸֪Ժдķӡ


1226 
˿̱óѪֱ˦һƬֱʳָƵʳָ֮֮ǰСĴָˮϵɲǱγһɺصĳ
ȴʹָһ£δѡ
һٵɲǣٽսɨ˲Ϣϣֲٿ£ս̾ͱһɻϢϢ죬֮ȴǰսķӡȫƿʹǻ֮˳
֮ٴλصأһսּƴһУȫͨʩչοǾҵ첻ϵشһɿ֮ǰСĴָʱĳʱܺɢ
ƻҲܲסһ±ѪĽԪɳҵ飬ģȴãȻֻʣԪɪ
ǳλãʳָȻûбֻϣѷ죬ڳУֺݺݵ£
һ̣ƺʳָȡһƬ֣ۿʳָ˲Ϣٽֵͺ˫۸죬֮ɫΪŨȫһȴǹ󶦻û
󶦣ֽе֮һͿ˾Լ˵˱޷ȫӣεĺ塣
£ΣУȴƴһУ
кãҾͲţʳֵָͺйȻƳΪʵʣ⣬ʳָȻһ
һֻоƱһϣٴѪɫ԰ףȴǹ󶦸ǾҵĲֵӣʳָƶУϵ³
ұȻһ٣ȴֹ½ƣ˿̳ǰʳָ⣬µָҲ˲ٽȡյһУĽ١
ɫ͸񣬸һ֮һգԽΣԽǲ
Ϊ˽ܣۣ
ǱµɲǣĹ̴¡¡ľ죬ȴǼٵת֮£һɾϢȻ籩Ƿ籩У󶦱ѣγƬֱʳָȥ
֮ԪشѪУǲһʳָȻˣ
СĴָһֻİָͷȫȫʯɢήңɫȴսŨǱӱƶȥѪںһץƻбԪߡ
˿̣߲ʽڣֻʣһˣ
ⱻͨŽڽû߲ʽ磬γɵָͷȻǳѵʳָҲ˲Ϣ֮ԼٶȻָ
ʱݲֶ룬Ҫ߲߳ʽ磬Ҫƴ
ʣµָϵٽǺ¡֮ǲϯз飬ֱ֣
ִŴͨһһóü⾳֮Ǽٵת˱ս֣ٽָǿĴĴָңԶΪ⣬ָָŶ
ͬʱָ
ʼŵڵͺǰݺݵһף̻âֱָȥ赲ɲǣһɶֱָ
ӰǣüĹ֮תȫȻɫڵһȼһͷ׷˲Ϣбӷ֮ˣɫѸ䣬죬ɨأ
һĻǴԶȥĿǾ޴ƣһɫĻ𺣣ǻ𺣵ģӰͦΣص֣
ȼյ˲䣬¡¡ȴһ߼ۣڱһӻڴ󣬸ָߣžž֮
ԽԽ֣Ȼ޴ƶΧγһؼ䣬Ļ档
ڣһӴƣɫĻ棬γ֮⻭棬һпߣһ޷ǣ
ɫڣüĹ֮Ǿҵ˸ܵĻֱָ֮죬˲Ϣٽ˫ǰָ̾һ
໥Ӵɲǣ⣬鲼صɫۣΪģ˳˫ֱָ
һĻ·ָ֮չ֮

û·Ҫƴ
ȻУɫĳָɫ԰ףѪǲϵָԿĸ֮ܵȫָ£ӱѹѸ³
Ҳİֵŭ죬ģһ㶼ģ߲ʽڣɵΪһ󲽣ʡȥʱֻŽȴ뿪һ̣Σ
ģ
ĺУߵ⣬ۣɫ棬ֱָ֮֮ǰһϢڵճ˴ѷ죬Щѷһ֣̱˺ϵ
𣬿ȴڸǲסǲĵĻ
Ҳģü⾳֮ת죬׻Ȼڲϵ³ɲǣ֮ǰգӡĵ֮һ̣Ȼ
Ǿǿ׻ںϣֵս֮⾳ںϣγɵµĹȴؼ䣬һ֣ң򣬶һˣ
ɹ򱬷ɲǣʱһƬŤصزһ㣬ŤķΧԽԽֵָĵͺĴӣȴµĹʹŤɲǣֹͣ³
ûм³˲䣬ĿָϿպȥ
ŤĲƻָ׻֮ڹ£ַĳУһˣ
ɲǣ˵˴ϣģѪȾӣüĵ⾳ǵ㣬
˿̵Ȼˣȴصɲǣ˫ڵһ̤ٴηȥֱƵָ
ָꪴ֮ϣ赲Ÿһ˿ᣬ£ôǰ
һƴʱֻһΣǾ֮֮ս£ǧ޵ĵڶΣ
һɱ׳Ϣ͸Ѫɫ֮µսȴû˿ļ٣ԽԽң
һˣΪսΪɱ¾ڣΪУ֣ˣ
ںսҰս֮⾳ʹָΪˣ
ǧϧһֻҪҪĲ񣡡ֳЦЦ춯أ֮飡
ǸŽڽ⣬ʩչһ֮شڣŲɫҲжݣ
һڲ𲻻ɱ㣡ƣؼ촫
ǽ𣡡ӷУֱָ
Ϸ̫ǳ˿壬ε𣡡͸׷䣬ػص


1227 ǰĸ
ĿһٶԽӿüǵ㻷ƳȦתй֮ȫȻʹȴɲǳΪ֮ߵĹ
ֻ޴ȭͷָٽ˲䣬һץסꪣҽźɨָϡ
һӾ𣬼һҲ˺ҪĸоͺɴһѾͳꪣ
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˾ȴǲܣ˫۷֮ɫŨָϵؽ£ȥ֮չ˷Ĺ
̺֮ÿһιУĽ£һǣҲԱָȴȻ£ƺҪѹ飬
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пɬģָͷѸٵ֮УڿٵĻָƺò˶ãǱѾȫָͷͻٴγ֣
Ī߲ʽ磬ֵĹأҲʣ˫Ŀâϵغ£ݺݵһҧ쳤
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Ѿ˽ǵ׼һսһУѵһս
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Ҫôձָɹͦһ֮߳ЩΪĹص߲ʽ磡
߲ʽ磬˵ҲҲ
ķ񣬴һĲģֺȼԼǳΪǹָȥ
ҲҲģһûһûƽһûжȥĸĸТһûɣ˵һкܶĳŵûңٽǽٶָȭĲʣһȭ
һȭһȭǵǱһȭֽǧ޵ʵһȭ
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СһУȴǰһǹȫ۷һ׵׵ĺ˳
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ǿһʣǵȫҲӲʹԴУȴֵѡ
Ϊ˽ܣۣұʿϧһս֣ǧ޵ǷˣѳΪ±֮˶ƾõкϧк£ֲЦзˬʵƿһУǴĴָٵɲǣֱӳȥ
޵ǺЦ꣡
˾ͽ֮ա
ˮʦ֣ʦ޷㡣
ȥ㣡
ľüҶԹһʹ
ƽһ˿žۡ
ٻ÷ϵңȻĳ֮ʣֺηֳЦһӣǰִ̳ռ䣬ڷɳһɫ
貣ǳһ˵ϢڳֵһɲǣԶɵϣȻɢ֮âȫƺһ˿ůһ˿ǰʼմڵů⡣
⣬ǴĴָ˲Ϣӽ
֣âɲǣһ޷ŵ֮ͻȻƬڣ
ǡǲɣ¶޷ݵļ
ǺȻٵĴĴָԼٶ̧ʹִԵֱʡ
ͻһĻһ㶣ȴûκԥɳ֮˫ռвӵӡѸǰһƺѷ죡
ӵһΣֱѷ죬Ӱʧɲǣ߲ʽɵƣû˿׷ǻط
úôϡ䣬ֵڴѷһ̣ǲɣڵƣƺһӸŨˣһ˿˵ĸӡ
뿪ˣ߲ʽ绯ƣس˱ʯ䣬Ʒ˵صͨڻȥ
¶ǲɣɢ
˿̣̫ǳ֮һ̫֮壬Ϊ˿ռݵޱ޼ʡڣһƽϣһɽ壬ɽڣʶطˣ֮Ϊɽ
ɽ嶥һ򵥵éᣬɽңңʱé֮űƿ߳һɫƣӣգ˫۽ģڡͷɫգʹˣϢ
һĻκһ̫֮񿴵𶯣̫֮һε𣬾ȻпƲסһ̡
ε̫ǳһ棬˿屾һС壬ȴ˵ĺճΪ̫ǳڣ˸ǵӴȺ
ζǵŮͶ̥ˡֻǰϻĸӣͳ˼õҲ̺ĸӡૣɫ͸׷䡣
ãǰУвŤȴǴ߳һߣ߸һ֣̹
ˣʦô˵꣬ӿһֻۣ˵һ֡

һȴٲҶԣӣ̫֮һʦеǿߣ˿ҵ벨ƣʧӰ
¶޹صҲˣǵŮ֮ˣô˺Σһ֮ȫƾκ̰֮Һθɣǵ֮޷ӡôδǸдõӣǷӡѣ
ؾŴ߲ʽ籾Ƿ𿪱٣̫֮ã֮ҲΨһƣһ֮󣬲òˡֻ˵չ꣬Ļ̫ҳ֣Ŀģ
Ǳڣȴ˶أӳ֮ʱǴ̫ŵľ棬ÿÿη
߲ʻֵ֮أǱ˷ɽһб嶼̤ڣ˵˵ʹ߲ʻֵʧܣʵʵ飬Σ
ҴӾǵУһΪ죬֮Ըƣ֮ȻԶָС֮У̫ǳҲԳ֮Ϊһǿߣʱ䣬ɳɳΪվ֮ޣ¶ӣ¶ǰҶԲҾκˣ˺֮ˣͬˣҲȻУգ
һƣɥ֮ʹʧŮ֮ڡ


1228 Ϸ룡
ƺ򣬳˰󣬰˽ɸ֮ĴȣҲԼٽÿǧһεİ˽ڴȣνƺ֮ʢ䡣
һ˽ɣа˽ͬʱСÿһڣڴ֮ʱڣһֵĿˣʤķڽڵʹӣĵӸǻᱻ³Ϊڵӣࡣ
Щʧߣδǧڣλٴεֱձڷɢڣĵɢ͵ڡ
ԪڣδγΪĩһλᣬǰ㣬ôԪڽᱻڽɢڵӰ̷ƵˣȫڣӴ֮޹ԪһʡڻٴѡӣµķڣԱֹģ䡣
飬޷ܣȴҾܾһܾ³ڡϾԪڣֻǷڶѡ
ֲпķʽְ˽ɵʵڲϵֱһ죬ĳ˽µĴ󲿷ַڶɳΪǿ֮ʱ˽ɣɱڴΪŽɵݡ
ŵڣڣȫˡ
˽ֱ޼ڡӰɡ;ڣӦŻ
Ԫϵڣǹڰ˽޼·ڡ
ⳡʢľУǻҵз֮սǰĽλչѡ߽ڣÿһڵǿһ
ȻҲԽսǧǰϵڣԽսǿ֮ڣ˵ʧܣ٣ܰ˽޼ӡ
ÿ˽ɸڵĴʢ䣬оŽ֮˹пеĵӣῪҪ飬ܰ˽Σȴܾܾ
ɱǣܱŽ֮ˣʵ̫̫٣ֻˡ
˽ɴʢ󣬻ѡǿڵӣĸ˽ɣչһɱⳡɱΪҪܸ˽ɲԳ֣оŽϸ̲飬֮˵ıԣȴǿԴӲ棬˽ɵһʵ
ⲿʵչָŽջʤİ˽ɣܳˣôӵ˳ΪŽɵĲʸ
ʶҪıԣ˽ɺ㿪ʼ׼հ˽ȵѾڶûдڣȴںĵӵĴ֮ǰڡ
ȥ󣬰˽򹲽ʮߴδȣиʤǰŻȴⳡȣŴΣΪ˵һȥĵʮ˴δȣǼŻǻʤôΪŽɣָտɴ
ǧһεƺʢ䣬Ϊ֣Ҫ²Żÿÿʱ򣬰˽ڱƼ˸뽻֮أȻȻģҲͳһЩлƭ֮
ÿһƭӣʢˮȴһˣΣʢл˴ĺôÿǧһεĴˣǻһǧ꣬һ֡
ƭ֮ڰ棬Ȼѱƭ֮˵ǰе飬ҲһΪѡķڣǾϸãѡģԪһٱɢûϣʤڡ
ɣڴ֮󶼱ɢȥѰƭӵ鷳ȻҲͲ֮˵ƭ֮£ţҲǻᱻ˳Ц粻˵
ڣһСɣǰ˽Ӧڣ˷ȣڳǵ״̬Ԫһÿδȵĩ˴ʧܣӱɢˡ
һºǷڴȣǶҪȥ˽ڳ⣬ɣÿڶĩһΡڴڣߣ˿̾üͷ¶ãһ˿ʡ
һɢ˵ᱻ͵ڣλȴһǧɣһᱻ˳ܵӣ
ɣǿ̫࣬Ǹûаϣһ߿ɬĿڡ
ǿԳ漣Ļѣһ߳̾һĿܣ֪һºԼ뿪޻֮գڣӽɢˡ
˳ĬڣһѹֵϢʱͻȻؼȻһɼĺХ˲ϢХ֮춯أ̾ʹô͵̧ͷ
һöһƿڻɽ󣬸Ǵ͸˴ݶֱӽ٣Ʈڴڣ˵м䡣
һɾǿϢȻɢʱͳɢУȫλãģʹڴ½˲
Ϣ£ĸɫ䣬һ͵վӣֱĶ𾪿֮ǿ˼Ϣĸܵһͨ
ͬʱһڴص
ף캣½޵ڣᵤԪӤգ޵ǧ꣬յ˿ڣΪ
޴Ӹգ캣½Ϊ޺Ρ޵Դҩǿֹڿڡ
ܳ캣½֮ˣ½ڡ޵ʵͣ߰ʮ꣡
λϷ˵ģа٣
ǰ˵ȫȷ֪ǰǣͷȻ˵ΪϸкܶǶѾǣԷȴ֪Ǳ֮ǰϢ壬˿һ˻ɢ֮С
Ϸ룡Žӣ
ɫһܴ࣬δţԷһö̺Ϣ֪ǵһУȴʹ˸Ϊ
ǰǡףѹͷĽţʡ
ȴͷȴ֪Ϸ԰ˡǰ˰˵ƽԸԪĴۣϷȡ
һɫ䡣
Ϸԩ޳˵ԪȴҲԸ飬ް취ҲΨȡ֮ˡɢϢںϣ̾ʹɫʱ԰ס
ǰ
Ȼ±ϾϷԸҲóԪߵȼ֮ô¾ʹ˰ݣϷ򲻵ɱˣɰһѣȥɢ֮Σ
Ԫ𶯣˾֣ҲлɣϢ£ϸĸƽǰ⻳ɣȴǲ԰
ûôԪ
ϷʱޣֻȰ㿼ǣܾϷ˵ãΨɱˡûԪõȼ֮
ڴ˴չ֮ͨʱͬƺڣ֮һƬĴ½ȴǺһƱһɴѷ죬ţһ׷ӰĴ½ص׳˳
£ɫ԰һѪʶȴɢĴ½·߲ѷ졣
ѷѾ߲ʣֵʶ۲£̵£ʧˡ
ɫ粻ĿԼ֮ϣ˿ӣɫٳâֱ˴ɫ
ã̧ͷƺ૵ĳˣ
룬ôŰ㣡


1229 Ŀ֮꣬ɽ磡
ֵĹƺ˽ʢڼ֮ʱ˿ûа㲨Ҳ֪ĴڣϾƺĬĬš
û˽ʢ䣬ֵĹҲǹžû˻µƺȴһ̣Ļ
ջؿǿյĿ⣬ϥ£˵Ĵ½Ϊƫģƽʱ٣ֲ²⣬ڴȽ٣ʱ˵֮ˣΪˡ
Ĭֻ߲ʽһĻĻΪп
ȥʱˣʱȴֻһȥʱΪڣڡоƣȴһ૵ҰֻŽ
߲ʽһ飬һһ֣սҰǣ˾īȸξѣս磬ʧߣ־ߣǲ֪ٵĵ֮ģӵܣ˷ӣ֪ߵĴڡ
սӣ߲ʶս׷ߣ̵濪شˣҪǲΪ޸ɱ䣡
½õѴ¹ϵ̽һеһУܣʱҴңǰȴأ
޳еʧһսҶĴοһΪεһսˮսҵĹ󶦣ҲˡҪǣģ״̬ĵǣ𡣡
̾૵⾳֮ǻڡģĹǾֻܱҪڶ𣬶ȻԻָлԵϾﵽ˹ǸΣҪָҲ֮ǰ׺ܶࡣ
Ŀһϸ˵ʧ֪Լʧȥȣ˷߲ʽ磬ջʵ̫̫
һӣǰʱдѷ֣ڷɳԪԪ߲ʽӡͼڵĶˡ
Ԫûɱߣ˿ֱַԪͷ£ǿ䣬Ԫзҵһһ֮£ȫУʼˡ
߲ʽڣֱȡūԪ񣬴˿ȡµĶˣڽ˽⣬
Ŀһ૵̫ǳ̫𣡡
ó˵ҩһһº˫Ŀɣˣʶȴɢз紵ݶȻһʱѡ
أֵգǿеԪӵڡ
ʱ仺ȥ˫ۣĿ磬ƿƿǰƺֱӴ͸ȥ
վӣƲδȫָȴӰսҪһЩʱȬֻԪƣȴǼΪأʱǺѳ׻ָ
ֳƬ̣Ԫʼдʹεһ֮ҲΪľ
ǵʵô˫¶⡣
һ죬ĳҲȻԴﵽһֵͷϵӣ̾һժ봢ռ䡣
һӣռڷɳԪ
һԪΪֻһ룬Ҵڱ̬֮Ϊģƺһͻɢˡ
ŵ߲ʽ硣˿˵ȷȴԪҲʱ
ĬʶɢӽģԪڡ
µѣѾ߲߳ʽ硣ڳԪڣִ
ллѡ롭ٰһΡһڡʦɾҡԪ̫ЩԪΪģ
ãֳӦһӣԪĿڵڶԪ֮ϣԪϸˡ
˿˫ĿգԪ˵ģδԶԶûгԪϣֵķӡ
ǰһ㣬ϸԪϵķӡȻ򿪣Ƭ̺ϸ˫ۣ˿֣ܺĬ
Ԫܴأ湦ȴǱƣ˿̵ΪΧĵ䣬ֻоڵӡ
Ҳû˵ֻĶϸԪ
һƬⰲһѹϸԪϣ¶ɬѣԸ׳ȡţѻлãֻѿ뿪ϾҶˣޡԴǳϿңʵҲȷûκѰ鷳뷨ֵǿΪѾ׵ʶȴû뵽ԷȻȻԶԶԼĴͨʿһ֮£Ȼ棡
һ㣬𶯣η壬˿ֻԻȥ߲ʽ磬ͺһجΡ
ϸԪַ̧֮飬ʶɨϸ˲Уҵ
Ƭ̧̣֣һ֮±пХϸԪֱӱƶȻ뿪Ĵ½ֱǿա
һֱ⣬ɢϸԪһиΪηڷңңһݣתȥ
ԪƻӣȻ˴Ϊūֱ㲻ֻǴ˿̲Ϊ˵ʱһ˦ƻԪ봢ռ䣬гӴռó߲ʽõķӡ
һʶ룬Ԥһ뿪߲ʽ磬ûκô
ϧüͷһ壬ҪȡȻ΢ϸ룬ʶԪڵʮ˵ӡڣսϣ֮ںϣȻȫϢһ䣬ƳΪһ㡣
˫Ŀƽ߲֮â˸壬ƺҲ΢΢ɢ߲֮âŷӣɲǣȻŴĿ߲ʣȴ˱תļ
ĸоֻҪԼٻͿʹڷӡ֮ͨ䣡
һ֣־ϲɢȥսںϣӹâʧָԭװ
ӣд󶨣˿̾ˣЩӣȴǸڻָǰ˼ǿķ
ҪģҪˣҪȥһ˷֮ɽ磬Ⱥˣƺݺᣡ
ڹԪڵĴȣ֮ãҲǰȥ辡ȥ֮ɽ磡ִ⣬һΣһ磬Լٶȣֱǿնȥ
ڰǰ˴ͼȻȫμģ˿̼УǴڣ˵ر򽻴ıԵֵļУ̤ڡ
ͼֱָȥŷ֮ɽڵİ˽չȫٶȣ˵Ԫδٶȴ˿Ǽٷ󣬸γһХԶԶȥȻ˵һ˥Ϲ޼ǰһ·ʿ׷ڲ֮ɫ䣬ûһ˸벽
ÿٶȣ˭ڣһʮʿڼֻۣоǰҷһɾ˵ϢߺХ޷˼飬Ӱȥã¡¡ƿ֮ȻٶȣȻ
ʮ˶ʱɫ䣬໥˿˴е𾪡
ٶȣʦҲзӳ֣ǶȻǴﵽ˥ټΪϹ֣


1230 ǿ
һ·ٶչ˼ޣһ֮£ǰƱ͸Ժɨһ㴩
ֵ˽⣬߽Ȼڰ״ֹ̬̤룬ߣ߽ıԵһε󷨣߽ʿڶദλ滻ء
һ㣬ȫͬ
ּ£ݺᣬһ·񣬴һƬƬ಻;·һƯĴ½
ٶ̫죬ʹڵͨϹΪ֮ע⣬һֵٶȣЩͨϹ֣Ҳһһ𣬱˴˺󣬲ֵֹǰУһ½ǿմ
磬ΪһУǿ߱ضܵأ˿ɢٶȣȴ֤ǿ֮ٶ£˵ʶ޷ѿΪһǱŶһ²һµ뷨ȥᡣ
ǻ˲֣ڸŵķУȥбܿһڵĴ½Ȼᱻ֮ǡ
ȥ˽ףֵٶȣҲҪܾòſɵ˼һ·ϵĸɶУôʱֻᵢ鲻٣ʶһѣֱǰУǰʲô½ʲôɣ߶
һ·֮ϣûκʿڳţȴһЩϹ߳ںңң棬ܱȲֵٶȣȴȻȻҪ֪һͨʿĿʲô
ǰ˽ʮ죬ִڶ½ɣӽ߽ķߣǷڣʿٻ֡
ǰ߽ķΧһƬĹ˸һӴ󷨣ֹһʿ룬ӵͨе򣬷ĻӲȲ˵ܲܳ󷨣ǳɲǣиص߽ʿնɱ
ɫ糣Ȼûͨ򣬵ٶȴûκμ죬ֱ߽ķȥ
ңңĸʮɵϹ֣ǾûֵٶȣȴԸܵǰĲֽ߽ԵʱǾһɫŹȤȻ֪ˣȻһϽϹҪصѣ˵ΪβʹϽɵĴ󣬵Ҳδ˼
ţ׼ȥɲǣȴһȻתֱĶǰһ˲Ϣܵһ·ɺ֮ˣȻ߽ٶû˿ͣ٣ˣ죡
ЩϹһȻǹˣһ۾ͿԷȻûͨ򣬶Ǵ㴳һ֣ЩϹִΪֵ飬ȻҪܷŹ
ûаȻԿ󣡡
߽ϣѾܾúܾû˸ˣ˵
ɫ糣ٶԽԽ죬߽ĴȴԽԽˣԶԶȥԿһǣ޷ٶȣȻֱȥ
߽ڸʿڿһĻɲǣ׷ٽһɲǣȴǺһײǷ֮ϣ
֮һɲȻ𣬾춯ػصǿ֮УǾֻӴķ󷨣Ĺҵ˸֮Ĵ
˲Ϣ䣬һ죬ȴǴѷȻ֣Լٶӣת۾ͳΪһƬ֮պȻƬһɾĳ֮£ܺɨ
ֵӰʼգû°ͣ٣Զ۶ȥǴһĿɿڴ߽ɸ󷨵ʿߴһƣʶѸٺˣȻĿȥȴûκһˣ˵仰
ЩϹ֣˿Ҳһ׼һĻɲǣȴȻ𶯣Ĺ˸ķЩϹֶʱЦ
һΪ߽̫øУ󷨵ĴڣǸоۣ¿˺ȻͱȻΪֻУһȴǽǶƿ֮ˣ²ⲻϡ
˹Ȼ޵ﵽ˥ٵϹ֣ĻȻ׾ƿ󣡡
ҵ޹أҿ߽ɣδɣȤ
ϹԸҲϲŭ޳ȥߴ󣬷ҪȻǶ߽Ϳۡ
̤߽ٶȸ죬ںɨߣֻ߽򣬾Ϳɽ˽ף֮ɽλã
ֻ߽ڶ࣬ȻԶԶףһ·£Ѹٴһ½ǿպߣոٽɲǣȴ̾ĹϢıĹϢʶ赲ǰҪ£
ηѣ֮أĪǾҪôȥȻصĵʶֱ֡
־δҪƾĸʿҪ£ȴǸͲܣɫ糣ǰ̧ǰһӣȻһ޴ӡûӡӴޱȣƺ½
ֵɲǣ֮۶ȻʹǿյҵĲŤһɺƵһ˲䣬أ
ӡ֣ǰĵʶĺɨ
ӡ
ʿ
ĵʶʱ¶޷֮ɫûκԥѸپҪ˱ܿӡ̫֮죬ֱ֮Ӻɨĵʶ֮ϡ
֮һ˲侪춯أγһɾ޴ĳܷƶڵĴ½Ҳһ̲Ȼǳ£ɣ
޴ӡߣϵԪȴԽԽڴϢԽӵľ춯أӡ֮󣬼ǰС
ӡΪ俪ǰһȻܿ
һжڵʯ䷢Ĳ˼飬ȥⱻƿɵĴ½ڣϱĸ¥УϥĸߣȫѪ˫֮ʱ¶޷εĺȻ𾪣ͬʱɳվԶʧ֮ȻԸܵǰǺľԪۡ
𾪵ģӡȻģʩչӡ֮˵Ϊͨ
֮ǿԺɨ߽򣡡
ҵû̫ǣû¶ɱֻѯһ
һ֮£ͿҵˣҴûȫĻ
໥˿һ¡
ӡǰ֮춯أ޾ԪıڣʹӡԽԽǻɰǰȻ޷ٿأ£ȴȻ
ӡ֮һ·ɨǰһƬӰȴһĴ½һӡֱǴ½ϣȴǴ½һ֮£̳ѷ죬¡¡£ֱӱӡ͸
½һΪ
߽˭˸裡ԶݣһЩںȻļԼĴ½ƺ赲˶Է·ߣʱʿƴȫڴ½ƿǧɣǰõ
˽ʮʱ䣬ӡĿ·£ֽٽ˰˽


1231 
˿ӡȻӴ죬̫̺֮һʿΪ֮²ѡ
ǰӡﵽֲٿصļ޺ж˴ӡ֮գһ·ȻУ˽ԽԽ
һգֵǰ˽ңңĿ
ʮǰУʹֺƣ˫Ŀȴ쳣;ڼۣȴҲתŲϵµҩƽڻָ֮С
˽߽֮䣬޷ߣȴһƬŨܵ㣬Ƭ㼫Ϊƺ޶ʮϣʮ޵̫࣬ƺΪ֮ء
˵أ֮Ϊ磡
֮ýһݣ˵˵֮ѰʿǶһ˽ڣʬ޴棬ΨЩĴͨϹ֣ɴڴ󣬵ҲҪС
ȴ֪ʹʲôķȴʹڵޣײʼڻ֮·ŨŨ⣬Žһ㡣
ڣٳĵ·Ψ·ŽΪȫǰ˽ɵӲʹôʱ뿪˽Ҫѡĳڡ
˵У·Ҳǰڿ٣ķ·ߵİȫ;ܵ޵Ĺ
ֻ·ߣ˰˽ɵ⣬ӵָ򣬷Ļ˵ȣͲ֪Ҫ˽ҲΨд޽ڣл˽
ʱ˿̣·ڣĸʿ紩ĸʿУǰһΪߣһڰ׵ۣԲԣ˵˫Ŀȴ̺˵һ㣬һɨǰͻ˱ɡ
ȫɢǿϢȻѾǵĴԲǰع̺Ӱ֮ڡ
󣬸ˣһŮͲΪžӣŮӣͬһۣȴ˿ڸǲס°͹ŮòȴǼΪ崿ɢһ˶ĵ˷ˣ˫μ䣬ߵӱ¶ȡ
ʦҪȥʲôطءУŮģ촫
ǰûַɳƬ̣˳·Ƭͣͷˡ
޼ںĵӣƾŵҩΪȴǶ˵عˣõķΣ֮УʶΪʦ˵ڶ࣬ɢ֮սУȥɣ˵ţһ˦Ҳ˻ػֱӱпХ˳ܵڡ
߳ĬƬ̣ϥ£ʶɢй۲ӣһߣȥȡ
⣬߽ڣӡ֮ƺХӡ󼲳ۣʱһ֪ҲһЩ˿һ·ڣֻȷ֪£пʧڣ淽
Ҫģ֪·ߣ֮أҪһȦһĵʱᱶټϲףʶֳ֮󣬷ѡ
Ǿֱߵ·ߣǿ磬˿̵ʱ䣬˽
⣬û˿ͣ٣ӡĿ£ź֮ٽ˰˽磡
ǣХ֮ºȻͽ뵽Ƭڣӡ¡ǰٽƬŨɲǣʱǰˣƲҽӽӡ롣
ƬȴǼΪ죬ܱˣȴûһ·õ˿ӡƱ޾ɡ
ӡǰеĺ֮̾ʹƽȻƺˮʯͷ˴ƬĲƣҵķУһ޵
ɫ糣ٶûаͣӡ󼲳ۣʶɢܣɨ֮ĲƬŨŨڣŴޡ
ʱͻȻǰһʹپȴһͷɫԼɴСȫ뷢Ϊ򼣬Ȼǰڣֱֶ
ΪªǿڽǱ޴ǯ͸ɭɭâҡδٽȷɨ
޳ֵɲǣֲܱޣֹͣ׷ɢƺһСƬڣߣĳ֣ʹ˱ܡ
ĿƽΪһ۾ͿȻʮһף൱ڵʿ̶ֳȵޣڲӡȻڳ֣ҲֺǾȡ
Ƭ̼䣬ǳɫİǰŭڳֵ˲䣬һ˻˻춯أ¡¡ĻصϾ
Ķӡ¶֮ɫӴһΣ̱дƬĺâɢȻͻһƬĻ𺣣ڻڣֱӡֳ
ûʱȥ򼣬ӡȻǰХȴӽɲǣȫȻ仯һ籩¡¡ľУЩӡҪֹӡǰС
ӡ̫̺֮޷ǿЩһӽ̺ȻȻһ󲿷֣ӡХɲǣϨˡ
ӡ֮󣬴ǰУԼٶȣûаͣ٣˲˸һжڵʯ䷢Ĳ˼顣
ȴǲģֱ׷ȥȫٴ棬޵ĿĶ֣˺飬ݡ
һɲǣԶŭȴͷͬɫɵ򼣬Ӹֱ˵ء
ԶٴδһĺУѹһ¶һʮеϡ
һͷǧɴСɫ򼣬ƬŨԼٶȣ֮һ·ҵľ֮١
ǧɫɲǣ˵زԶĵ·ڣϥĵ͵˫ֱۣĶԶ¶֮ɫ
ʮ׻飡޾Ƭڣȴٳ֣յʲô飬Ȼ˷ŭĺǼӻڣǳײ飬Ȼ٣Ŀһһֱӽڡ
ʮ޵֮ȴüͷ΢΢һ壬ȻˣЩƺӡΪޣʶʹԼҲܵǣ
ͷ޲ǣҵжԮսҵٶȣʹʮ޿㹻ʱҲȤкһ
ЩڵʲôޣǵΨ·һɱһ֪ɱˣвϵȴǰԼ֮¶ɡ
Ϊ̶
Թңǰ͵ת̧׷һ㣡


1232 
֮𣬽֮٣ֵ͸ɢɲǣʱĻ̳˾䣡
ȸξѣǻУΪؼһµĹڰ˻֮˵һл֮ͨߣǰû˿֮أǶԷĻ棬գ˹ƣĻǰһл棬˵
˿ֻµ˲䣬İɳ򼣬ȫɢĻ̲ûκͣٷĵֱȥ
ͬʱڸǴ֮ȴиΪŨĻ֮ɲǼʹڷı
һ죬¶־ɲǣӣⱻȻգĲ˻صƬ̼䣬һжͣϢ
һɴСĻϨ򼣬Ҷվ
һж˲Ϣɣ˵һָ
ûָɲǣתӡǰХߡ
ɲǣԶ̴ߵ˻ŭȴͬɵ򼣬Ըٶ١
ǸԶǧɫ򼣬˫۳֮ɫŨͺ֮ٶȸ죬ȫɢŨŨ
ƻָɱʮӦòѡ£֮ޣս֮Ҳѡüͷһ壬ǰûãɱ˸

ֵҲڣ̴֮âȴһƬ𺣺ȻХдǧɵĻ𺣺Ҫȼգһ־ֱǻڣһɴС򼣬֣֮죬ת۾ٽ
Ƭ𺣣Ǵµɲǣٽֲɡ
̧ǰһӣȻ侪֣Ļ𺣣˲Ϣһ٣̵죬ƺŭˣֱ֮򼡣
ͬʱܵĻ棬ҲһɲǷ򼣬Ȼ䣬һ޴ĻͼХ
˻ûд̱գЩĻ棬ɫȻǳ죬͸â
ųɲǣԶ𺣷ȴڣֱ֡ɱŨԸЩ޾ЩȻݣ˸Դɱ䣬ü⾳֮Ȼ֣ʱɫһΣֱ
Ƭ̺ڴһ֮죬ͬʱ𣬲˻ɢΨ޾ĸɢص
ţһٴγɫĻ棬޴ĻȻۣһɢ
һж˲Ϣ䷢ִ߳ɫ䣬һֱ֮ǰ׷ӡֱǰС
һ·֮κ赲·ȻŵһսʹЩ޼Ϊη塣
ǲٽǧɫ򼣬ȴǸΪŭʵ̫Զ¼չȫٶȼۣҪ׷϶ԷҲҪʱ䣬ɫ̷ȫȻɢŨŨĵɫ棬ɲǣ͵һžž̴֮ڴ
Ƭ̼䣬ֻǧӴϣһɫϸ˲Ϣ˸ӣһεУӴͷβһѷ졣
ѷĳֵɲǣâ˸ȴһ˰ɵС򼣬ѷѳٶȻɫ棬ֱǰ
ûã˰ɵ򼣬ٴγѷ죬ڷɳһɵĸС򼣬ٶһα
ֹķڲϵѿڣӳСٶȣȴǷı
Ƭ磬ӡ¼ֱۣǰн˽ԽԽһ·˶ɱ¾ӡ£ӲƿһѪ·ԼٶȺХ
ԽڴʱӳֱԽǸо˵عĪ⣬ǳʱڴ˵أǽޣһˣҪͼΪѣΪȬ
˽ʱ䣬ٽƬıԵ߳Ϳɽ˽򣡵ʱ͵ת̧һָӡӡȻǰת֮ǰ
ͬʱֲ˼Ѹٴεӡ޴ӡȻһϱֹ֮ʱٴη֮
ʱǰȻһƬâ˸һĸ˲Ϣ˷ԲɣһŭڷĴֻһɵ򼣬ڳܣɫĻ졣
ֵһɲǣһʮ޵ϢȻ
˫ۺһԥһӣʱǰӡХ֮ͬʱֱȥ
֮죬ں¡¡ƶ£ʹЩγ˻ԺȻ֮٣ǳ
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ɫǯ֣һĻ棬Ǿ޴ӡȻҲ˾֮С
ɫ䣬üĹ֣֮ת֮ȫڵһ£һɫĻ˲ϢɢĵɫȣĿģ
Ϊɲһ٣¶أȴûкˣǷĳȫ𺣸Ϊ磬⾪졣
̧ǰһָͨ߶ԿκλֻͨһУɾʤһָ֮£𺣺ȻӿֱۣǰХȥ
ǰХУ˸֮£ǻڣγһ޴ɫȸȸ˻ֱ򼡣
̵ͺϰȻ̧𣬺߰ͷһ㣬ĶȸȫɫĻ۶γһ֮ѸٵɫȸȻײһ
֮һɲǣ磬ʮ޵ʶȻֱ˵أһ˲䣬һɼΪǿ󣬼ҲһϢ֮һӾͰڶʮϢ׵ѹס
¡֮춯أĳγ˾ȸ˻Ѹٻһ˿ֱ֣ڵɲǣһΣǰԶԶȥ
ǰĻ˲Ϣڻ浹±ӻѪˮİӲδڲ˻кˣѸٻصʧ
ڣ۵޼˫Ŀͫ¶𾪣
˭Ȼӵг˻Ļ棬ΪǼΪǿǴˣǼңҲûаһս֮ˣӡϷʩչľƣӡ
߸ӣһҲĿɿڴ¶Ȼ֮ɫԭΪԼΪȻ㹻֮ǰһĻȴ
ĵŮޣ˫һȥķ򣬲֪Щʲô
˿ڣѹʮ׵Ϣɨ̺˷ķŭ͵̧ͷ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬һ˦ӣֱ·߶ȥ
˵޷ˣ


1233 綯
磬̤˰˽ڣڽ˫¶ϲ֮ɫͷһ磬ڷŵһ̣ܵһʮ޵Ϣ
Ϣʹ׷ɱ򼣬ϾҪ飬ȥ֮ɽ磡
磬պգȷ򣡡һһΣֱԶȥ
̤˽ֲǰ壬֪˽ڣͨϹֶȻ٣緽ڹ۲򼽻սߣȻһ
ֵΪδȬƾͨ뷨߽ŵҲ޷ȷʸ񣬵˽
ʶΣٶԻͬʱϸоȥɽ·ߣδٺɣǱܿƹֱȥ
İ˽ȽϣֵӰƺ֮㣬ĵ£ջõķɽ緽λȥ
һգִʱѾȥ˽һµʱ䣬˽ŨֵĽǰ£һգ֪£ӽ˴ڰ˽ڣɽĲڡ
ƺķɽ磬걻ƻΪأ޵ռݣȴʹڲк漫Ϊ˵ʿ٣ûУÿһӣʿڷɽΧͼץ䵥ޡ
Ҫ磬Ҳ綦ڣͬһ˺ѿ˾޴ѷ죬ֻҪеȺ³룬ɽ롣
ֻһģʵں٣Ψڶ࣬дͨʿڣɳԴ硣ͨϹֽ飬ʶʿҲֻΧϾѷ⣬żҲǻһЩ޳֣Щ̺˼ΪټһЩʱ䳤ˣҲɵһЩ̺ľʯ
ܲ࣬ȴʤûС
ʱڷѷ⣬ʮʿƺڵˣ׼һͬѷӡԶԶģִڽ߳һͷ׷Ϊۣٳֵ˲䣬˴˵ʮʿĿ۶
˿̣УĪ޴½ĹԪڣ̷վڵֵһν̸ɽϣӭŷ磬˿˺Ůһ㡣
Ǿϣ¶һ˿ꡣ
ʢ䣬ڴȻٽ˿̹Ԫڲ֮ˣѾ׼ϣȴڴĿ󣬱̤룬ȥڡ
ڸڵĴûʹõȨޡ
̷վѾһʱˣʼտգԿǰǰӰֻ֣ǣʮꡢʮꡢһ꣬һֱڣǸӰһֱûг֡
ãһĿâӹԪڴͬʱ֮ƵڹԪڣֻһУû̷Ƶİע⣬ҧ´գ¶ˡ
ΪʲôӦ˵
ʦѾ˴ʦȥǡҪˡ̷̤ܿԼʦĬƬ̣
һ̷̾Ŀջأϵʧȡ֮һƬ֮ɫ֮ܿұ㲻ʦͽʺܺãκһڣҲܿΪĵӡ
ʦ𣡡ܿˮҪڡ
ض˵Ѿ̷ؿܿһۣɽ塣
ԪڵĴ⣬̷ƵʦֳĬվһѹֵϢƣܣҪٿһۡ
̷Ƶĵ̤󷨣󷨴ͿӰɢȥ˽ڣ޼ڵ˲䣬ڵ̷ƣ۽˾Өˮ
ʱ֣ᷢԪڡѾûˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ŽڣѷսУһޱɱֹ⣬ƺ޳ͣЪƺʿ˶ݵϢ
ЩʿУһͷٻ÷ĿĽ㣬ȥϵѪɫƣֻȻ
Զٻ÷Ĭ뿪ѷڵսڴ˵طڵɽŶȥ
Ҫ뿪¡ɽŴڣٻ÷ϥڴģӰܵȴ͸һɼᶨ
һƬžģӰ̧ͷɢٻ÷ϡ
ٻ÷ɫûκα仯
ֶǵĿߣ࣬ĿˣҲ¶͡
У
ֻ֪ͨ㡣ٻ÷תŴȥ
Χ޳ڼ˿뿪ڵĳ裡ģӰƺüƮҡ
ٻ÷û˵߳˴
߳벽ӴƮҡȴʹһƬ
ٻ÷ͣĬƬ̣ûתֻҪ뿪¡
˵̧꣬ţԥǰȥ
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Ϊ˼ĪʲôȶԿ޳ʹƺݱҪһ˿ŭ⡣
һ£˵˵ģҪٻ÷Զ
һֱٻ÷뿪ãڴһ̾ϢƮҡްŭ⡣
˼壬ôȥɣҲܽʡʱ䡣ģһ֮âֱǰ߳ɽŵٻ÷С
ٻ÷Զʧ˰˷ӦûԪڲڴȡȥô
ƺڣһƯеĴ½ϣϺƺһڴ˵أᱻӡ
Ĵ½һɽ嶴ľüϥʱ˫ĬĬ棬磬¼į¶
ƺأҪָʱ䲻ڵȣƺʱ׳öϴУΨʥŮӵе
ľüԼһһܿȹƺֵ飬һľÿÿУڿԼ
üĴڣΪһ˶⣬һ̣ʹľüЩֲ壬Լüľü
ͺһˣڿüһĻĻ󣬽ʧˣƴӾ⣬߽˾ڡ
ţԪ۽£ֻˮڽʹ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãһӶ⴫ľüʹѹɫȴûо죬Ԥϡ
ڿʥŮľüľ㣿
ľü
Ӷ⣬߽һȹŮӣŮò㣬ܱȲľü׵գվһȴ˿ƽӹ
ŮľüǸ˵ӵ󣬼ʦԸȴһЩ⣬ʶС˽ľڡûܣС橡
ľü¶һ˿į˵ͷˡ
ɺɺŮӣǽᣬóһЩҩЦľƯСһδôƯŮء
ľüЦЩɬû˵
ľ㣬˻ڣǡƺ˽ʢȣ;һȥСóһˣɲôͻȥء
ľüǰŮӣ˵ͷ


1234 ӭ
˽ʢ䣬ʹа˽ɾеĵӶԴ˸ȤҲһЩˣʢ֮Աǣδ룬ص뿪
ڷɽЩʿˡ
ǾǸСӣΪȴ˿̽飬Ϊһ̽ɽ磡
Ԫױ֮һЩУͷ֮λΪǴﵽ˾ڴԲӣһ£޳һ˱ˡ
һ˫üĿĶǰ
ڵ⼸ʿ˻ϣʱȥ㣬ƺǼӦÿҪˡ
ʱͻȻǰȻһ£һͷ׷Ӱ磬Ʈҡƿ˳
ֵɲǣ˵ʮʿ׷Ŀ۶ԪڿֺɫһĿӰߡ
ԪԵʿĿһɨջأע֣ΨԪףüͷ΢壬ܸоǰ׷꣬ƺЩĪĸо
ǰķɽѷ죬Ŀ΢ɲһһµʱ䣬Ϊģ֮ɽ磡
˿ɽЩʿһۣӴǰȥֱԶչ¶ǿǾ޴ѷȥ
ѷ쿴ȥͺһſĴڣҪһУ͸һɭɭϢһ˿޵ܺܵȴ
Խʮʿվѷ⣬ʶɢһɨ̾ͲԼʶһ޵׶ֺƽһռ䣬Ѹɢ
ɢɲǣֻǿˣ֮ɽڣݵһĻĻ
һ˻â磬ƺأʵķУǴػգȫп紵
ɢʶѷɣдһЩҲǿб̺Ȼ飬Ŀⲻһʶ˺˼
ʱһЦ֮ȴʮʿһˣĿַŵľٶĵĶͬ˵çޣȻѷɢʶ̽磬飬ȥҲǲ֪Ŀͽ֮
ʿԾѷ֣ɫУ֮ɫ𣬵˵ǿֲ˳ַۣŵľٶЩڰ˽˵ʵ³çʿĸǽ飬СĽѷɢʶĻѷ죬ʶ׾ͱɽ֮˺鲻˵ⷬΪû˿ļֵ
ЩǸڵĴͨϹ֣ôΪ㹻һ˴磬ʶŻˡ
ԪҲȻһЦǰңңһȭλǵһɽڣɢʶأҪʶһɽ磬һ·⼸˵ˣһ룬ᰲȫܶ࣬ҿȫˡ
ʼѷ죬·˼Ԫ׵Ļ£ֲδͷֻƽ˵һ仰
á
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ҲǺ⣬˵ҲֻڷڣЩϹ֣ҲײԽ롭
Ԫ˫һֱĶ֣ӰԽԽ죬ֱѷ죬˲ϢٽȻҪ̤롣
һɲǣ˫ͫһֹͣ˽Ų͵ȥһƳʮ⡣
ͻľٶδʿӦ̴Ƿѷڣһ׺Хк¡¡ƿ֮˴
еķѷڣһɺ緢ӿֱӾǺڣһͺ˻Ȼͬʱһâ˸ȴһֻֻɴСͨޣ˲Ϣ֡
Щһȫ˵뷢Ǿ޴ĿɢŨȷ磬֮һۣᴥĿģһɷ·ԶŵȻ֮С
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ĻԪߵʿһɫ䣬ˣǵΪֻޣȴû˿ʤ㣬˿̺Ȼɢܼۡ
㣡Ԫ׵ٴͬʱһȴгһֱ۴ϸĺɫȼ㣬һ֮ȼ㱻ȼһŨŨɢ
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ЩƺΪԭ֮ƣ׷ͣʿ˻ɫ͸档
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ĿĽ֮һӰһֻֻУƮҡߣ£Ȼһֻȫɫޣ
ǰУЩԭĳޣһ¶Ĺ⣬׷ļ٣˿赲ǰǰ׷ױãҿǵɫƺ͸һɲɵĹ
Щ˻˲ϢȻȴٲȥЩʿǻǰӰܣ׼ȷ˵ǵɫܣ·ӵһ㣬ķѷȥ
һĻʿ޷š
ͺƷЩ޵ĳ֣ǱгΪģӭһӭǰ֮ˣ
һֱǰ֮˽ڣ̤˷ѷ죬ֻܰɫްֻܰʣȫ
Ǻ֮ǰһĻʱⷢ˴ңŤʼһ㣬޻صУ֮뱻ѷ죬ʧ
Ӻ緢޳֣һֱǻصڣأһĻڲʱڣðԪڵʿһͷƤ飬ֱܹƽκα仯ǵ񣬻֮С
˭
ĳɺϣǡӭӣ
໥˿˴еĺȻԶҲǲ˷ŵһĻƺʿ˵ռ˷ɽޣǿɣڣûаտջطɽ磬ɳڴͨʿȫʧܣһŻ
Ҫ޸Ͳѱ飬κηδɹʱ䳤ˣ޵һԣ˽֪
ţǰӰĴڣȴĽ˶Ϊܵ飬˿ܣ
һƬ˳ĬʱԶ˼磬ȴǵȴ֮ˣˡ


1235 ۳
ɽѷ죬ƱĻһнڵ飬ںֻɫ޳ֵɲǣ̺ԥĻԼޡ
Ԥһɱ֮Ϊɫޣһ֣֮̾еĸӦϢʹǰֻ޶ʱ𶯣ܿεĻܡ
֮Ƚɭϣ֮žԵѹͬԪ׵һЩɫޣӭǵߡ
ֻӭӵģ֣µ
ѷ죬չǰ磬֮ǰʶɨһأ˻ɫĹâɫĹâȴȫؼ䣬һƬƬĺɫʱƮڿ紵£ٶȼΪˡ
̤ķ֮ɽ磬ŨŨڷ˵ؾǷ棬ȴãԽԽˡ
ָģǷ磡޾ķ磬ޱߵķ磡
أɽ磬޴ڷĺۼȻû˳ƺδϵķ磬ĸɸɾȫ򣬷žž֮һͷ׷趯紵Ƿʱʱأʱ棬öСḧ
ʱ紸¡¡֮ƺұԪ
ȷ˷磡ؼƿһӣͷųڻĹ¶ķ磡
¶į̤˵غڵһƷ棬˫ʱеĸоؼʼջƵʷһį̣ؼ仺ػصͬкܶڲϵطģһֹ𶯵ĸо
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Щ޵Ŀ⣬ȫ˲ϣͬʱ˻ֻ˻ȴǳ˲볼Ϣ
Ŀһͷ֣Щڷɽڵޣ֮Щ޾ǵϣȴǻ٣һһ㵹ҲýͣϾǴڷɽѾܾãȻȻģ
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1236 һ
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ڸɽУֻֻɫޣǲδУץɽϣ޴ĿϵĦɽʯ̶֮


1237 ƽ
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庣˫ͫ뷢ҵɫޣ̰֮ɫһ

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1238 
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ϾȻʿԪ񣡡庣ĿһȴȻĶ


1239 Ԫ
Ĺâɢܣѹ֮£ǧ޸ۼ֤ĵ
Щɫޣǵһͷߣ˿ɫǳ˾ηͬ˻ɫޣ¶֮ɫѹȴǺܿ¶˳ӣܡ
ΪѵģֻɫޣֻĶֵƾѹɫ䡣
ֵ˫¶׹⣬˻һ˻ȫĿɫϣ¶档
ֻɫޱһһֻ޽սߣӲ֮£˫Ŀ¶âȴ˲ϢһɻԵϢɢɲУӺһȻ
ѪܣͬʱһֻɫޣҲͬѡ˱һ£ΪѪܡ
ǣҲ˳ӣ
ֻɫ൱ʿǵԱ̾γһɷĳܺ¡¡ĺɨǱɲǣɽʯ֮庣ȴ˫͵һ
ͳڣ̰ѾûǣۿµϾȻʿԪ
Ԫۣһʧȥʿַ֪Ȼںһ𣬴ӶһּΪĴڣ
飬ǵһ뷨У˵һʿˣѶ̫󣬵һںϵʿԪȴǲ̫ѣ
ˣܷᣬɫޣǧɫޣɫޣȴ̰ٴҲ˿ðͷ
£ڿɫޱγһǿĳɨʹЩɫɫ˱һģˣ
ԪǿҲڵӣٿڵԪҾͿԿ庣ҧ֮ȫ֮̾ȴɲǼӺȻƿɽʯ˻һ磬ֻɫޱĳ£ֱֵȥ
ѡʱνǼΪǡȻ̰ѹУҲϸļ˿̸һɳ˫ϢıͬʱǱӰ˫лû֣ǿͨΪŻ֮ˣͨص㣬꣬Ԫйأ˲ר꣡
ͨɲǣ庣Ȼһͺ¡ȴ̺һԪͨ£Ԫܵ𶯣ֶݵѣΣ
һеľٶƣνǼΪֻǡ֣
Ͳ庣Ĵڣȴûᣬ˿̰ɫޱĳ£庣ɲǣԪڵĹ֮˸
ڶԷɲǣֵ̾ͬʱˣֻǳĲƻصУ庣Ӱ׷ۿҪ׷ϣʱǹ֮תУ庣ͨٽ˲䣬ԪûĿ¶̧ǰһӡ
Ȼ䣬һɿ绯з籩Ȼֱ֣庣ȥһȴͨײ춯֮
庣ɫ̲԰ףһѪӲ˺ɣ¶Ȼ֮ɫԷǺɨУ󣬵ȴ̺һɵ⾳ڣй˲Ϣͽ񣬸⾳Щʹ˱
һĻȴʱɢֵֻԪ̧֣ǰһָͬʱ̳˻
Ȼ䣬ޣ̷ĳת֮䣬Ͱ庣ǰһзλΧȺڣ
ǧɫޣɫޣչֳȺ֮һ̣֣Ҳ״ο
֮ϴȺڴ庣žֵĵͺ
ĳ֪飬飡ĳǼŻϣѷһΣպк񱨣˽
ɫ糣У˻ȴЩȺΪ
ʱ˿̣˽ڣ޼֮أž޴ǣʢǵڶϾУȻʼҽ˶ա
޼ڣǧһεķڴȣνǼΪ֣ڶ֮࣬£ȫռݡ
һЩͨʿ֮ǰʹ޼ڣСһЩɢ֮ˣҲ޼ڣۿʢȡ
һռСǵľ޴ƽ̨޼ڷڴȵսڣƽ̨ܣ̨׵Щ̨ױϯ˿ȫʿ
ϱĸУԪڵλãڱԵһССɶ˹ģȣԪڣֻвʮˣԵüΪɪ
̷ĬĬգĽɵıԺ󣬾Ҫֵ׷ˡ
Ԫ֮ˣͬİ䣬һԣĿ͸ãȻ뱯ƺǹԪڵˣôҲ޷ıˡ
岻ʣȻȥˡ̷վӣҪ뿪صڴľס֮أΪƫƧΪɪ
ⲻԶгΪһ¯ôȷ˷ĳ˲ԪڹԪڽɢ󣬳Ϊ֮ˡһ٬ӲԶ
ţһӣº͵΢ЦĴȺ߳ĳ֣֮ϳߣɫһ䣬æÿʹùԪ֮أܿͳ˿տǱļΪ
ĿµĹԪˣһɫ԰ףĬܿҧ´Ѫ
Ӳһˣ󻹸׷ߣɫ͸䣬Ŀ磬֮ߣ׷׶һ
ţ˵ӣؾӢˡ
Ѿеһأݴ˷˽ʢ䣬޼ڵڶһˣš
Ӣܣ˵ĹΪҪ¯֮ˣΪƺҲûߡ
йӢܵĴ̫ˣһ˵޼ڵϣһЩѪΪﵽԲѹӢܻ˰Ե
̷һ٣Ŀ¶âתӣòΪӢһ֡
ԪڣûɢҲɢ̷ƽ˵֮תҪȥ
Ӣ΢΢һЦĪ֣¯֮˵ĳҲ٬֮ĪҪ⣬ҲǺģԪڽɢҲиȥǡ
Ī˵ԪڲɢɢˣϵڣҲȫɹԪˣĻﴫȴǴһ򣬽һµӣɨӢһۺ󣬿̷ƣȭΪ˵¬ĳѡ
̷һ
ĪҪ룬¬ĳ־ֻһ棬һҹ۵ȴԪ֮£˵ɢڵһҲûпܡ¬ƴɫ¶п׷䡣
ԭ¬Ҳ˹Ԫڣȴһˡǲ֪Ǹ֣Ǻη֮Ī˵ҲɡӢ΢΢һЦ˿ϲŭǻҲƷƵ
סڣʲôҲֶ֣٣ɱһˣϣ¬ƴüĺȵ


1240 ٻ÷
Ӣɫ¬ƴӣǵǧǰǰˣϵڣΪ׷ڵһսһš
˵սʧܣ˵ȴǳ裬Բ̤һս֮³ʹϵڳ¬ƴ֣ƺ
ڴ˴޼ڴʢϣ¬ƴڣ֮ǧǰΪǿ˲٣գǻѡսţ
һսΣôſν澡ɥʤΪȻһЩƣǼ㻹ʤˣҲ˰гЦ
¬ƴӣ֮˭˶ᣬǲ֪Īе֣ɱϣӢɫƽͣΪϲŭɫȴǼ䣬ѷŵŭ𲻶ɫѹ¡
¬ƴкһӢܣȻ֪ӣԽˣԽϲ
л֪¬ƴ䣬˷޼ڣ˷ڴ֮⣬Ҫ飬Ҫټһ֡
ʶڹԪڣΪע⡣
¬ƴӻµɲǣͻȻڴ˵ܱһֵƴﴵһ㣬ܡ
ĳҲڴ¬ƴ֮ˡ
һ¬ƴɫһ䣬Ԫ֮˰̷ڣɫ˱仯
˲䣬ȴ˵Ԫ񣬾Ȼ˾ҵĲ
Ϊߣ£ɫ԰ףԪ̱ˣ
ΨӢɫ糣оϲ֮ɫһת󣬱ȭΪ˵ǰ
Ӣգ˿һƬŤƻص£߳һˣһӣΪ۵ľӥǣ˫ɭĿ⣬ʹô˿Ϊ̱
¬ƴɫ仯֮󣬱ȭ¬ĳ߽ѰǰԴǵò̱ݣȴΪ̷Ƶˡ
̷ֿɬһɹԪʿæ
˵ĳ֣ƺʹһΧ֮æ˺󣬸һЩ뿪ԶԶܿ˵ԭΧƹԪڵ飬ƺı䣬ΪϵڡѰڵ顣
ǽص㣬¬ƴӿУƺĪе֮ˡ
䣬ߵӢԣһͷӢɫΪ
Ȼ˶˵ˣĳɱϣ¾ǣĳҲ֪ص֮ˣǼ١ӣڣһᡣ
Ӣ¶΢Цͷˣ¾ͿصĳˣкͨˡǴĪУֺֻ߳󣬲¬˵ָΣǰָ㡣
ĳȻ֤¿ɴСܶϷƾԣɫ糣¬ƴӣɭ˵
¬ƴɫû˵߽Ѱڣ߽ܲ׷ǿȴѰ³ϣ˽ܣ棬ƾԴ֮£´¡
̷ҧ´¬ƴӵΪѣ˿¬ûйҹԪ֮£
û̷˵꣬˫ۺһɨ̷һۣһ֮£ͬʵʣ·ȻֱӾ̷˫ڡ
̷ֻоȫһԪӲܿƵ˺ɣɫ԰ףһѪһ
˵ûС˵ʸ񣡡
˲䰲Ԫ֮һɫ¶ŭȴ˿аֻܰ裬£ǻɬȫ
û߲¬ĳ˵ɱӢϰ򵥣ô¬ĳˣȻǰһ˵¬ƴӳĬƬ̣
¶֮ЦЦΪ̶˵תҪȥߵӢܣ̷ǸһЦ¬ƴһۣҪ뿪
֮أܷΧƽ̨Ⱥ˵ֻǲ׺һڣʱͻȻ޼ڸ׷ڴƽ̨ڵϣһɫХٽ׺߿գ¡¡ƿ֮δٽ̾ϴƽ̨ʿע⡣
һϢȻǰâܣ޼ڣӰ˸ǰȥӭӡ
ǰâٽٶȲ죬ʹĿ۶ȥʿһ۾ͿһŮӵӰĿˣһͷΪ⣬ƺֻһӵеģɫ˿
ٻ÷
Žڣ
Ȼ֮Ȼؼһ̣˵سʮʿȫһϳŮӵݣ
Ȼڵٻ÷û뵽˷޼ڵķڴȣȻ񣡡
˵Ů޳ս˿̾Ȼ뿪ս
޳֮սڣϽκһʿ뿪ٻ÷ôܻڵͬ⣬޼ڣ
֮ٻ÷ĳ֣Ȼ󲨣˿ƽ̨ĽɵĽսҲ˿޷˵ע⡣
ӢȻҲи߸ϵٻ÷Ŀһ˿뾪ϲٻ÷ʶԷ⡣
ӢߵҲɫһ࣬ԾŽڵٻ÷ΪŮΪɣԶԶȡ
޼ڽոڴʢģһ뺣ߣ֮һͬģ޼ڳϣڲٻ÷ٵɲǣ˶ʱɳ󻹸ʮ޼ڵӡ棬޼ڸ˷ȵˣ˿Ҳһͬɳ
һ˺ƺƵӭٻ÷ĵ
޼ڣʵ޼ңϷ뺣ѡǷ뺣һЦ̬Ϊ飬ңңȭ
ϣҲ׷¶΢Цȭʾ⡣ȵӣɫвٿٻ÷Ŀ⣬Ľ뾪֮ɫ
Щ⣬˿ǵԶʮХȴһ޼ں֮ˣڼٸɼٻ÷ӡ
Ǹոմ޳սϷȥ޼ɽϢҲ֪˵ǰ֮£޼ĪҫǷ뺣ȭУЦص
ܳΪĿĽ㣬ٻ÷ɫȻû³çɢʶѰңĿ·Ⱥɨ˷뺣ϣϢ֮²ѣڴ˷ڴȣ֪ĹԪڣ٣
ԪڣǷ뺣һ̷һӣ˵˼䡣
Ԫڵȷˡ뺣źЦȴɻ󣬲֪ССĹԪڣĪٻ÷ʲôɡ
ٻ÷ѹ񣬼ʲôط
뺣ɻɫȴ¶㣬֮ǰ˵ĵӣһ꣬æƽ̨Ե
˵ٻ÷Ȼʶɢ˲ϢɲǼҵ˹Ԫ֮أƽ̨ȣʵ΢
ٻ÷ӣȴҵ˹Ԫںһ㼲ֱۣȥ


1241 ô
뺣˫Ŀ΢ɲһ֮ǰУ޼ϣҲ׷ɻ󣬸˺档
ôһǺ󷽵޼ˣҲǰжȥ˻һХ̾˴˵ƽ̨ʿע⣡
ֲ²ʱһЩԼ֮ˣԷɳֱһ˴ͷ֮£ʿȥ档
Ȼ䣬ڴȶʱ˻֮⣬ƽ̨֮϶սĽʿԭɱ˿ȴӿЦ򱱲
ԶǼ۶ʮ磬˿ҲѸٽһ෢ǰɢΪʮߣΪ
ٽ֮෢һ۾Ϳƽ̨ʿĻңüͷһ壬ͺȵգ
һڣȻͻһƬ֮׺¡¡ĻصһЩոշʿʱһء
ɢ춯أγһƬƬˣܷƶȴ̾˴˵صĻңʹ̰
üͷ෢һ۾Ϳٻ÷ӰһΣʮ̸ȥ
ٻ÷һ·ۣΪ޼ڶʿֱԪ֮ȥ˲䣬ٽ£̤˴ϣ˫ǰɨȥ
Ӣϲ֮ɫŨ֮ǰֻǿٻ÷֣̫Զֲɢʶʶûٻ÷˵Ԫ֣˿ȭ¶º͵΢Цٻ÷ٽɲǣ˵һ𣬿ɻǵĳ
߽ѰڵҲɫ¶ȭʾ⣬ЦԭӢʶ߽Ѱѡ
˻ڣʱʹ֮˷׷״һȻ˶û뵽֮Ůٻ÷˼ٵģȻӢܣ
Ӣܴŷԣû뵽ڵٻ÷ʶΪ޼ڡ
Ϊ棬˷ڴȣδԣȻˡû뵽û뵽
ֻǲӢܵƾʲôٻ÷˲⡣
޼ٻ÷ٵˣҲĿ⿴ӢܣΨ뺣ˣüͷһ壬׶ٻ÷ѯ˹ԪڣӢܵĳ֣ȴһʱɻ
ĿעĿӢ΢Цʢֱǰ߳Ҫոµٻ÷ɡ
ٻ÷Ӣ˵ĳֵɲǣ˫һ٣üһ壬Ӣ˲䣬Įһɨ
ѷԵ޳ɱ˿̴ս뿪һ·ûͣЪȻȻģһɱ¾һɨ֮£ȴ̾Ӣһɵֹ΢ЦʱͽӲܿͻָȭЦһﻹӢˬ
ֻǣûӢܰѻ˵꣬ٻ÷ֱӴ߹ûκͣʹӢӶʱ¡
ߵϴ΢Ц˿Цȴǲɵ̡
ͻһĻȻʹʿ׷ײĿ뷽ŵľȣתķʿĿУų
ٻ÷Ӣһۣ߹ֱ֮Ԫ֮ٽĿһɨ̷ϡ
̷ƲȥǵѪĨȥϵĿɬٻ÷
ٻ÷Ĭҧ´֮ô
һشʿУ̾仩ȻȻ˶ڲ²⣬˭
޼֮ˣҲˣǷ뺣Ŀһǽ˴𰸣˿Ǻ췢ߴʮ޼ʿٽһĻо֮ɫ뺣໥һ˸˼
ӢҲ仰Ķ˿ɫ仯˭֮ǰһĻ˿ҲѴݣɫΪѿģȴһ˿֮С
Եɫ˲һ䣬ӢܲͬǣĿ磬ֱӿ¬ƴӣ¬ƴӲ¶Цһ˿εĳ
ͻȻһã֮ǰ¬ƴӿе֮ˣƺԼǰ򵥣
̷ƳĬҡҡͷûмٻ÷Է˵Ǹȴ˵˭
ûôٻ÷̧̾ͷգɫ͸һ˿꣬һͷɫ㷢촵ڴ˿ƺҲ̺İ֮⡣
ڣδϢ̷˵꣬ٻ÷һۣԥһ£ûмڡ
ٻ÷ҧ´ҡҡͷˡ˵ţȻкһ̷ƣᣬ˵ˣǸո£˭
̷ɫƽȻ֮ǰλӢѣԼԪڽɢҳΪ¯ҪʦһսԱλ߽ѰǰСŮ̶ûʸ佻̸ʶͷ
ӢŴ˻ɫ䣬̷ƺȵںԣʵ˵ҲȷȷϾδ¶Ҫ̷¯Ļģȴд⡣
ԱߵҲɫһ䣬˫۶ʱк⡣
ٻ÷ɫתӢܣӢҪͣӼ˺˫֮±ͨơ
Ӻ˵ɲǣٻ÷Ȼ䶯ˣٶ֮죬һƬӰٺȻ˲ϢֱӹˣڵΪĺ󷽣̧ǰһӡ
һɷͻȻ֣ɷˣڸ̺һ޺͸һɼΪ֮УһƬֱӾϡ
ҽȻѪ̱׳ۺȻѪͬʱ֣˫ͬʱű˲Ϣ٣
Ѫ֮ɢԪž־ӳֱԶۡ
ٻ÷ƽ޼ڷ뺣ǳ෢ߣλ⣬һ޼һ˵꣬Ӣܣƽ˵Ҫһսôûȡ֮꣡
һ򵥵ĻȴγһǿҵĳʹܿһĻʿ׷׵¶𾪡
޼֮ˣҲͬˣǷ뺣ĬԳ໥һۣɿȼ˵ѣ֪е˭Ԫ̷Ƶʦ棿
ٻ÷˵ͷ̾գ֪Щʲô
ʦǰ˵̷Ʋԥڡ
ʱ˿̣Ȼ޼ڶʿעҲ²ڷɽڣŽǧޣɫޣһƬ죬ΧԵХ
տķɽڣʡȴ޵˻£΢ţһƬȺڣһֻɫ˻춯أÿһε˻ʹ¶η֮£ǰɿƶ
ıϣһ£׷Ʈҡ֣Ŀ⾼ŷɽڲԽлָȣ˴ޣȴʹʵ
Ҫһηڲ㹻ޣȥӦԪڵĳŵµһ˻Ȼ䣬Ƭǧγɵĺƣ̸ı䷽ֱɽ磬޴ۼڣХȥ


1242 ҹ֮
ڶɢϢڣֵӰ΢ɲ飬ĽȴԽԽŨǰеٶȣҲΧĽͣŷɽХȥ
ǰУĲؼķ磬ԽӵľǷʣ֮ڲϵ춯صͬʱҲڷгһƬƬУؼߡ
ޣƺڷ缫Ϊϲ磬һ·ϾͿ޻ڣԶ۳ңǺ¡¡ػصէһЩֲ壬ǷöóС
ǰУɽĴأչǰһĵ棬ľӣһ˴֮䱻޴ѷеѷ켫޾ޡ
һƬƬϣкڶ̮ĽڴʱƴĲɣʹЩҲнɢ
ǰһĻĻвɵһֲĸоһǧ޵ȥɽ磬ȥɽ磬˷ɽ硣
ľνǼΪʣ֮ߣΪټ
ֵĸоص𣬿ȥҵɽĻ棬ʣµģֻڱ걻ʿһѹµı
׽ǲͬ磬׽ǼΪأ˵ǱȴȻǿԸܵһЩɵķǿ
ֻǣ׽绹磬ɽȽϣв磬޵Ĺϵӵѱ֮󣬺ʿˣʶ漫ΪΨз磬˵ķڣʼմڣ¶Ļص
磬ֵĸоǲĹ¶įƺѾһ㣬ֻǳûаֹ֮ͣʼ顣
ǰһƬƬ½أһȻƯգɢɣζƾʱ⡣
Ǵ½ģһ޴ʯţʯŸɣźԶҲһ۾Ϳ
ڵȺȻֹͣǰУϥϵ֣ԶǾ޴ʯţ𶯣ʧңʧȥһеĸӦʷӶ߸˴˿ޱϣУֻʣ޷ȥݵʯţ
һµĸоֵ񣬽ȫ˿̵ǳ֮Уǲ׺ɣʱǨɽʯزϵظı䣬أʧˡ
˵ʯţʵҲǡֻһӣεӸʣִһԶ̵ӣŵ״򵥵ڴ½ϣӭŷ磬Ρ벻
ʯţֺ֮壬ĺһָ˫ۣʼնԶľ޴ʯš
ʯţİһΡ
ʯţȻӿ󣬻û֮ţȥһһû˿Ĳͬ˵ͬƺڵţֻһܡ
ĬƬֻ̣ܣ˵أѾڷɽڲǰߣͿɽģģЩȥǾ޴ţһΣֱӴ뿪̤ŷ磬̤أһǰȥ
ں棬ģǽǧֻγơ
·޴ţĪ̤У٣Խٽ֮ƱԽ
վ˽ǰ֮ʱ̧ͷпȥһۿ֮һŨĲأһεУ޴ΪģܻתеĴڣʹôţһԶȥ޷Ĺ۲죬ĸоȴ
վڵϣ̧ͷǰ޴ţ𶯣ʶɢʶȥ
ʶ۹ȥɲǣȻкصڶը죬γһɾ޴ĳ춯вһʹǾ޴ţչ¶ֵǰ
ģȻţһ飡
ӵ񣬺ƾ̫£˼룬ʶȥ˲䣬Ʋںϣһʱ֮䣬ȴĴڡ
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޵ҲʶЩɵĵӣڵһΪߣء
ֻʦˣеˣ֮ò޷ûиµģΨһƬ㼣㼣Ҳɢ
Ҳеˣأɽ¿һĻҲидͬµ㼣ᱻϴȥɽأǿһĻĻȴУģߡ
޵Уͬˣеʿ߸֮òٶ࣬ҲȻ
еʿǰУУΪĸ򡣶˿ֵ̣״̬ǰʯţװУ״̬ڵУ֮Ϊ󾳽еʼ
ʼΪһд֮Դ
ִɽ򣬿죬ǵأеĺհһУߣʶ˴һʽͨҹ
գɽڣ½ģ޴ʯ֮£ٴĸоľУ֪ģҪʯţУߡ
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ӣһֱվ˵Ϣںϣֱ׵ڣʧӰһ˲䣬ʿɢʶҲ˿޷ֵİڡ
ʹվߣȥֻǸܣҲǰ֮ˡ
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˻̳ߣƺֻŻᰲģ˻Уܵǧ̷ڸ
Ϣɢһɲǣɽ֮һƬСĴ½ϣһƬ谵֮صȴأ޷ޡ
Щ޺Хޱ޼ʡ
Ǵ½ϣһʯͷʯȻ˫Ŀ֮ʯתܷɿڻ˫ۡ
ʯڴǿоֹܸһ֡


1243 ھŵ
ɫģŹΣɢִأһֻֻƣΪޣҡҷߡ
أһƬͣУԶԶˣ̤ɷЦ̸ָ·˵Щʲô
أɽԶкԶԶȥţʹס
ϣϥƺһ޴󷨣󷨷ΧԼµˣ
Զּ⣬֮ͨţӭԶһϵлصɽ硣
ֵɲǣڣһɢڣʹôس˺
ܵһУ̾ͳŤƴһ㣬һɺƵĲƣܻƶɢŲƵɢɽɽ壬һеһУȫŨŨЩȫ벨ڣ֮ŸԶ
ȡ֮ɽΪͨ󣡡
ٴ𣬴ͬʱأȴɽ缫֮أһɽ壬Ȼ´Ƭʯۣȴɽ壬˲ϢʹӴط룬ƯգŴ˵ؼٶ
ǰеĹУɽ岻ϵرճΪһεʯȻ䣬˴˴Ĵϡ
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ȡ֮ɽΪͨң
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ͬʱˣмһ¶־壬Ƭ̼䣬ǵͺȻѪϣϣĿġ
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Щ˲ϵգǱĺȻ䴫ɨ֮£Щһһ£ȴǸûκεķ֮
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ҵһɲǣѹһϢָ£̾ͳ˴ѷ죬ȴǺȻ䣬
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λãɽ磬λãңǷ紵ϣ絶Ǵһͷ׷˦Ƿžž֮
غֱ˫ۣ״̬У֮ͨŵĺƵϢһΣںϣģڣͬһģš
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ֻڳֵţģƺ޷۳Σڣĸܵа˹֮ƣΪ˹ڣʶʹӡµţ޷
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㣬Դһȴͬĸ
ܿҪ뿪ˣĪֵڶԴͨƺǺǡ


1244 
ʱ仺ţת۱ȥգϥǾ޴ʯϣľڣһ㣬׷Ѱǵھֹı仯
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ΨĿʱŻͬĮɢȡ֮ģһƺӣĸһ
ʵУ֣һݡ
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˵ΪףһԼǧֻ޵СȺȻ߱˹ģͬģЩҲֵĴڣֻֽܣû̱
˻УʼϥĬĬĸʯϵĹʯڲ̺˰ֹΨϢУǲɣºۼ˵ھ֡
ǰȣھ֣˵ǿûʱȫΨзǰ֣ѡǿĵھ֡
ʯŵĲ͸Ĺ¶İķڣʹֵģ˹ʯϣƳΪʯţزɣ̬ǨתɨŴɽ崡
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ǧ޵ʯȣʵ΢˿̣ʯںϺȴҵһתĸо
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ֺٴα˫ۣһΣ˫ĿϣǿԿأУһʯţҲͬ
ΨһͬģеɽϣֻԼߣһӰһӣƺԶҲĺӣУƽ۵ʲôʱ򣬶ֻһӡ
ƽʵڣǱֵļöߣ統ĶʱһĬĬڸߣ븸һͬճ䣬һͬ߱أһͬ¶ļįȥ
һУһ㣬Ϊɲǵķôͻûôźѡ񡣡
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ܲٿޣ¡ʿһ׷׳ĬǼߣûֻ֣ԭ̫ţ˿̣ȴǲòţе𾪣֮ˣҪŨ


1245 һϢ
˵ͻȻ٣ҲйأȻڴĪҪ˶ԷȥΪԪ˵Уӻ˺
ʱͻ
ߵĵ͵̧ͷĮĶԶʮʿʵͿЩˣֻᣬ˿ȴͻȻ˻һ
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ֻǴ˿̵ǣûзʸ񣬸ոձɫްΧӶ֮·̺ȴ˲ٴαɫǧģһۿ߼ʣȫһֻֻޣֿµĸоʹЩʿ¶
ѾСˣҲСɰֻޣǵΪڼϾڲԶҲӶݡ
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ƺʱٴţٹȥǧ꣬Ů᳹׵ʧ֮Уûгֹһ
ʱ䣬һţһдʵ֮УֻʶתôһУƺɲǼ䣬緼һ㣬Ϊ㡣
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֣˫Ŀ֣һ۾Ϳ˲֪ΪαԼеˣҲ˷ɽʯ⣬ǵı塣
üͷ΢壬һ˦̺Ԫ׵Ӿɢǧ£ɲǼصڣһȻѣ¶Ȼ޷ŵĿ־壬ǺһΣΣȴʵȫ亹ʪ
˻Ʒ˴һ㣬޴ĿĦֵӣȻôɺȻҪһЩ֤ǣǿаԪ׵¡
˫ۣƵԪ׵ѣǧ»صڵɲǣɽʯߣ˫Ȼ֮â˸
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1246 ֮
ִʯվĿؼɨԪ׵ϣǸոմǿµ״̬ڻָһֵĿ£𶯣˾η֮ġ
ƺǰȣܵޣҲĲٿ£ѡԸѡսҲԸȥѡǹһĻ
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˵زȿԶ֮ȥɡһֱ뿪ؼŻĻ
Ԫ໥˿Ĭнٺĸоռĵȫ֮ǰһĻĻȴûκ뷨֣η
˿̷׷֮һݣתԶȥûдɽţûд߷ĸΨһߵģְ°׷Ӱʼմȥľη
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һ죬ȴǺɫӱһƬѪ⣬ֻɫûаͣײ˺ɫ޺ǰۣȺıԵֱɨ
ĿһͷֻɫԶԶȥӰòתͷĬвٿȺǰȥ
ǰУԽԽĬĬļһ·޲ʮƯĴ½
½⣬Ưžſ½ɻƵ״ƺػ½һ㡣ſ½Ϊ죬ͨɫͬΧɫɫɫɫ֮ɫģȻǽɫ
Χľſ½½һ֣ʹĿ̱Ť͸
ĿͶȥɲǣȴһȴΧſ½оһ飬ʼ˾ҵĲһ޷ݵϢһɲǷı
ͬʱǿ½Ȼһ½̫ԶԶ˵Īޣ˿𶯣ΧԵʱ߽⣬ɫޣȻ߽Ĵ½Եڻû뾪춯صܲϵɢ
ţǴ½£ɫ޴ɢаɫɫ޷׷գһƬ£ʮֻɫ޺Ȼ֡
һĻֳ׵ͷƤ飬Ϊֹ֮ͣ
ʲô½ʮ򡢶ʮʮʮޣ˴һγһޱ޼ʵĴ½
˿̴½ҲǱǲڵڶǺȻɢȡؼһУ
ûǰʮֻ޳ֵĳ棬Բܵ𺳣Щޱ岻С˿һﵽʮ򣬼ǵأַ磬ɲ˶޵Ĵ
Եǰȫޣ
˿̣֣µҲɵ£أȫ޾ޣǵ޷ȥ㣬֮ǰʮ֮˵Ҳֻģо࣬ûЩ
Σ˭ڿЩ޺󣬼ǵʿҲǻͷƤ飡
ʱռյһȺ˲Ϣɢ¶˷鱻ػĴ½ƺҲŤʹĿһЩ
ֿһĻĻ棬⻭棬ɫ԰ףԥٿȺ󼲳۶ˡ
½Ͽգһ޴ع֣ձ˺ѣһ޷ݵķ϶һɾ춯صѹѷڴţһֻ޴ޣԼɴСѷڻ̽˰ӣƺҪ
޴¶İϣ˻ɢĿƺԴһڣɣ
ӵһɽ˻ȻͷĴһ̣ɽ磬˾ҵĲؾȻٴαļޣȫĤݣ
ֵ˵Ҳֶ꣬ΪޣޣҲ֮ޣ
˿ѹǾ˻Уֵȫ˸͵תѷҪľ޴ޣһ˻
˻͸һɷ͸һɲʣ͸һͬΪϣһ̣ûеֻ޴˻ķ磬˻΢ȴͬ죡


1247 
֮˻֮ս
ֵĶѷҪľ޴ޣ¶ҵĿâĸоѷڵľ޴ӵ弫ΪѪҺ
ѪҺֵ˵һȵĿȥһڣֻһΣ
ֿ˼ֵʹɲǵĳ˼
ܵޣ̫̫࣬࣬ĸͼ㲻ɫɫɫޣɢϢȴǾ춯أһʿ磬ĪҪ˵ǰˣǺˣҲо·š
ֵ˻ɲǣ޾Ⱥ˲ϢȫĿ۶ĶȺڣֵ
ĿһȴǺݺݵһҧһУµ˻Ȼڵâ˸ɲǣǰȻ
ӳ˲䣬ޱ޼ʵȺ˻صЩɫɫûǰǰɫޣҲͬǻΧ
֮սûʸ롣
Уɫȴ˫ĿһȻǧɫ޺Хֱֵȥ
һɲǣԭûԼһȥȫϢȺڣ˿̿Щɫ޳֣ĿоⱩȴǲ˼һ
߼䣬һ̤֮Ⱥ޾޵ǰ
ӳֵ˲Ϣͬʱ˾ҵ˻һ޷ݵ棬
Уһ˻ȻĳУ˵ڶ̤Լϣ̧һץ̺ɫ缲۴ؼ伲۶лһѾ޴ꪣ
ͬʱֵٴ˻ɫ¶˻УΪѹɢѹ£ܾ춯أ¡¡ŭ֮ˣҪûȺȻһ٣
Щɫɫɫޣ׷ٴֹͣ˽Ų֮ս򲻿ɲ룬⼸޵ڣɫϵޣʸ롣
ǾֹͣǧɫȴǷĳȷ棬ֱЩɫ޵ٶ̫죬һɢԲϢ˲Ϣٽ
һͷ׷Ʈꪺɨڴ֮ȴǹ֮Ȼȫüģ֮ꪵĺɨغһХһƬɫĻ𺣣ꪻɨкȻ
壡һͺȣ
µʱ˻˻ӳǰȻֱӳȥϵĵɫâһɲǣԶԶȥһ̫
Ŀ֮һɢʹȥ
һһֻɫ޺Х޴ĿһзֱִһУֻһͿɰɡ
ɫٵɲǣȻһɨȻɫΪģ¡¡Ĳϵؽ٣ɫϡ
һûͣ٣ŵ͵ػһֻɫһȥ
һ֮УɫȻꪼ֮һŴڣ̽ɫ¡ޱϾֻޣˣʹ÷ӵпʿ֮սȴǻʿ
µǺ֮¼Ϊ˼ֻٵɫޣҪǰУǰһֻɫ٣赲һǰ֮·
ֵ׹Ũȴǲ˸Ǵȫ⣬ΪѹֱӾɫ޺Ȼײȥ
һ֮صֻоһ𣬵ɫޱײ׳ʮɣȴûκƣΪۣʿҪʩչͨһ㡣
ֵȫദѪ£ǿһѷ֣ʹʹΪȫǽɫ뷢˻ٴγ
һжڵʯ䷢Ĳ˼飬ּȻԼǾ޴ѪҺ㲻ˣս֣ȴûһ˿ܣ
Ϊһ˿ܣΪԼĿ¶⣬һ£һԾȴڰڴĺȻʹת֮£Ȼһɵľˣ
еꪣʹͬʱҲͬﵽɳ̣
֣֮һɲǣһɶڹϢȻɢص˲䣬ȫ֮ڣǰ͵һף
¡¡֮ȻصأȴǾ޴ꪣһŭֱǰǱڶްΧѷȥ
ֵĹ֮˹֮ǵ⾳ڱ׳ɲǣ֮򣬷¡¡֮
һƬɫĻȵĸ£ɫޣҲ׷ױܿ˵ģڣΪʿͨԪ׷ʹؼ䣬һ̣ƳΪĩգ
ܵޣɲǼͣ٣˲ϢһѾץסԼٴǰݺݵһף
ȫɫâֱ֮ǰ꪿£Ȼȥһ·񣬸˻ϣѹʹ޴֮޷ǰΧ
ꪳɫ޵İΧ˻ѷ⣬ɫ֮ڣȴǰȻһƬĲɢײɲǣ죬ȻܣɣϢķӡǡ
ꪵĳӡٽ£¡¡ľУͣͣ£ֵȴһٽɫ޺Ǿ޴ѷ졣
ЩٽɫҪȫȼգȫǶദһ춯ص˻
˻𴫳ɲǣһ֮ڴȴȫƱѪҺȻǺɫǽɫ
ɫѪҺմȾϵ˿ڣȴһɾ춯صϢɫѪҺ͸һ˲䣬⣬Ȼһ޴Ӱ
һͬɴС޵Ӱ
ӰȫɢɫĹâӰֵһɲǣܵޣǺɫɫɫɫǰͼֹǰеĽɫޣȫͨһ
ѷ׼ֵľ޴Ҳһ𣬵һΣ޿ȥ
ǰһĻȫ죬ϳ˾޴ӰɲǣĸоԼ⣬ȻҲнâ˸
֮ǰϹĴޣһ̣ܿоȻ¶˾η
кһ˲䣬뵽˵ȸǣԼһο޵Ļ棬֪²⵽ΪΣȸǣޣֻһֻޣ
ֵ֮ɲǣǰɫ¶ηѸٱܿȻֹ벽ֵһɫǣѷ죡
ѷڵľ޴¶أһ˻ӣΪ


1248 
ѷ⣬Ȼһ޷֣ɵҲҪϵ֮󣬷пܴѷڳ
˿̵ڣ⣬ȴǱĿס˻죬ѷҲʼ˲֮£ƺѷҲ˱ٴ˺ĺۼ
ֵŽâǺХͲѵĻᣬ޴ĿɨҪԷС
ɵ˻ͺ¡¡촫Уҵ⣬ƺŤ˴Ĳơ
һɲǣֵûǾ޴İɫӰȴ˻޴Ŀǰһɨ֮УȴֱӾƿ޾Ĳƣⱻѷڵϡ
ѷڵӶʱһ
һɲǣֵٽӰöľ޴ںϣðɫ޿ɨϵĿҲ֮һһѷھ޴ڡ
ȣֵʵ΢ĿȴǺݺݵش̽˫¶̰͵һ
һУѷھ޴Ȼ˻ӷǿסѷ죬ٴα˺һƬ
һ֮£ֵȫƣȻʧ˿ϣȫŨеĿŨٴһ£
һΣɵ죬һɴڱһƬĳܺɨ֮£ȴ̾Ͱֵ𿪡
һɲǣ޴סѷ죬ı˺ӣ˲Ϣд˳ۿƺҪȫĳһɾ춯ص棬뿰ȱԴϢһ˲䣬أ
ֵ˻̺ˣģӰҲѸɢڣ˺Уȫܿƺֹ
ĿһһץꪻصУӸǼСת۾ͻˣ֮У̤Լϣۺˡ
ʱԶǻ½⣬ػ״̬ľſ½˿飬ѷɴС˻ȴǺȻһȻʼ˱һֻֻ޴ڷɳ
ſ½Ȼȫɣ
ؼ䣬޵ȻﵽһΪµĿ޷ȥ㣬ƾŸоȴһֳĴҡ
µѪҺȫⱩ쳤˻һѹԱûǰΪҵܽ٣
Ȼ䣬ܵĺɫУнǾֵ˿̲оηվȻХֵܣγһƬƣԶĳȥ
нǧɫޣҲѹƺѡ񣬴Ⱥڳ뵽˺У˻صӳ
ԶȺɫУ˿ҲнֻĿѷ뼲۵֮ȴǺȻһƬƣѡֵ
ҲͰˣڴ˵زɫУֻɫޣĿ¶ԥһֻǷײߡ
˻Ŀԥ֮ɫ٣¶ᶨ֮âһΣһɫֱֵ
ڿɫ޵ɲǣ¶ϲɫޣϵϢԲ
ֵľϲûнһϲУȴɫ޷˲䣬һֻɫޣХٽѡ˸棡
ѹסе˷ܣУֵˣ
ʱһĻ˫ͫһ¶֮ɫĻ棬Ȼ֣ȴǽֻֻͨɫУһֻɫޣ˲Ϣֱֵ
ִЦڶ޵ľ£һͬԶȻ۶ȥ
ĺڣɫɫɫɫޣΪۣ
Щչȫٶȣڿ£ХߣܵȺ˿ԶԶȥ
֮һ춯ص˻ŭصǾ޴ѷȻΧ˺ȴɵѷڣ˳
ɲǣ̷ܵص˻
Ǿ޴˫Ŀ¶ŭ棬͵תֱĶԶȻûӰȺ˻֮һζһƬƻصУԼٶ׷ȥ
һȺȫȻ֮ǵأ֮£һͬ׷˳ȥ
һ̣ɽӿ𶯣Ҳѷ֣вƻص죬ޱ޼ʵȺγһ׳۵Ļ棬ӿ
µޣ˿ؼ伲ۣչȫٶȣѸ͵ӶݣǵٶȻﵽ˼ޣɨ֮ºХӷΧֱͨƺ˽ĳڶȥ
ʱеȺ̤ϣ͵ת󷽼Զ֮һƬڸ󷨱֮صɫƽ¶⣬̧֮Ѹں󷽲˴Ľ󷨡
һ·֮ȺϵǰУ󷨽ձֲ󷨵ĲϱʹȺû˿ͣٵļۡ
£׷ȴԽԽɨ֮£ȷ棬Ŀ˸Ԫӡڣӻںϡ
˲Ϣ䣬ȫϢȻ仯Ŀ¶ƽ֮âؼһ飬ȫ֮ڣһץѷֵͬʱڷɳһʯ顣
ͬʱʯ֣ͻȻ߲֮â˸߲֮â˲Ϣʹﵽ˼ޣĿ֮ɢǰһףӺ˴˿е߲֮âһ
䱬ɲǣƽش
٣ߣ
ֵɲǣնʱһڣУȴƬ̺޾߲֮âȻִصɲǣһŨŨѹ
ȴһ޴̣ȻƾջûԼǧɴС߲֮֮âĿģǼٵת赲Щ׷Ⱥ֮䡣
תһɺ֮
ĿһӻǷֿɫв԰ףϾ̫أδȫָ˿̲ȥͨĽ˫ɢȫƺɨ֮±ƾճ֣Ⱥ֮Զ۶ߣ
ʱһ¡¡Ĵغƶڲ˴ƬĿ絹ûлͷǷļǰС
ģȻ˷ΧڣѾԶֻʱͿ뿪һ·չͨϵ赲Ⱥ׷ջ޷뿪˿̣⣬ޱ޼ʵޣǴϷ¿ȥĿ޼ѷɽȫռݣƺһ㣬ڷӡ
ȺڣһֻɴСĶǰ˻֮춯ء
üͷкһȴ̤ı̧ǰһץ


1249 ľü
Ϊ˾֮󣬲Ҫƾͨٳռ䣬ⴢռڰȫϣҪԶԶʶܴͨʿӰ
ֵͿٳһ˿̣Ҫٳڶռ䣬һר޵Ĵռ䣡
ⴢռڣҪгԪЩֲȱԪв١
˿һץ֮£ǰȻ˺֮ȴǳһ޴ķ϶϶ԼǧɴСһ֣ڴ
üĹ֮һת̾ХѷԵϵ˸֮£ʹѷȹ̡
ͬʱɫĻѷһȼպɨʹ֮ɢ˷Χ
ţóԪͨͨ¿ٳĴѷڣʹȻ㹻Ԫ֮
һжɲǼɣû˷ְʱ䣬µĴѷ֮µ̾ͷ˻
˻УӿѷڣֲϵǰУԽԽ١
գȫ뵽ѷڣֻɫֻɫޣ
һ룬ڽǰͷһۣȥеȫһӣѷɢ
£ɽڣֻʣһˣ
ޱ޼ʵȺ׷ԽԽȡջصٷԥϣԪתδһϢȻȫ֮ںϡ
תͷ׷ȺǶӴҲɻ֮ǿǻʿԾ춯أȴδʩչͨٶϣƺҲûʲô֮
²˼µʱĿһȻǰ͵һ壬ĳ̾дĲƻصڲУ̧ţǰһ
Ȼ䣬һƬãȴ˲ϢʧӰ٣
سɴ磡
ƺֵһʩչ֮ͨسɴ磡ƺһ֣֮ʩչسɴ缸ûκЧ
ΪԭͨʿҲسɴ磬ƺ
۽磬ĸӦͨչķڣҲǳôسɴ磬Ҳ˿Ͼͨ˵õġ
ˣƺʿ˵Ҳûôûʩչ֮أڷɽڣҲصĸš
سɴ磬ȴǷɽڣΨһԴֶΣܱţ޷Ų̫Զľ룬Ҳ޷أû׼ȷĿͶӰΪ򣬺пܳİĵطһ֮һƬȺڣôΪΣա
Ͼسɴ׵ķ룬Ψгۼ֮أضȥ
ʵֵ뷨Ϊȷɽڣûκˣسɴ輫Ϊټƺʵ̫٣̤ģǼΪС
˿룬ɽĳѷ죬ӰʧȻ֮ȺǾ춯ص˻ʧ˶ߡ
ƽ뵽һľڣӻޣûκδڵĸо·Ϊصһ֣ĳѷ죬Խӵȡȫһ˵ʵϾ˲Ϣ
ȫƺڵĸоָ֮ʱӰһ߳߳ɲǣۣ֮ʹӣɿĻûһµ˲䣬Ȼ塣
ǰǷͨƺ˽ĳѷ죡
ͷȥջನصԶ֮ƸµģĴɫƽһΣѷڣ뿪˷ɽ磡
뿪ķɲǣǱػ½һ飬ʯĵߣ¶֮â
һΣҰ㡭һΣҪˡ
߳ɽѷ죬˰˽ϤԸЩʣϾɽڣûĿңɿԶƺУȴԴ͸
޼ڡһΣƺڣȫЩָķֱ޼ڶȥ
зɽ磬˴ޣܻǲȬ֮£ɭǰҲûӶֻ֮ҪٸһЩʱ䣬ôͿɻøޣ
˽޼ڣռСƽ̨ϣ˿ڵĴȣϵڼɨûκηԿ
ƽ̨صܽʮʿĿ⣬֮޼ڷ뺣ˣ˿ڲĿ̨ϣԱߣǳ෢ҲͬţһЩ޼ڵĴͨʿȻҲͬ
⿴̨һ۵ߣָƽ̨ɱϵڵһ׷ˣЦϵЩ¬ƴӹûѣ˷ڣɲܰ¬ƴҪߡ
òӺݣһɹɷ֮У˫ĿؼоһΪǿϢ¶ɡ
ߣŮӣŮòǾ޾ףµŮӣòһпߣȻĶڴŮϣһ纮Įһ飬޷а㶯
һƺӦôؼݣͬӣĮȴܵʿ޲ĿֻŮ̫Įܸ룬һĮУ¶ĸо
ͬһչȰٺϣįţַһ֮ͣİ磬һеһУУİûκϤ롭ˡ
ԱߣһŮӣ˵òѷɫĸоȴ˿֮һۣ֮ģǴŮ΢Цʱ׻ʢΪ֮
ŮЦ¶ģݺЦˣСŮӷֻ˵ʦ¬ƴһ䣬ƺ͵ӣǷմ˽ڣɲСŮӿԾˡ
ǰ΢΢һЦ£̸֮ʱĿ⿴ĮŮӣȴǲ²Էݡ
˿ƽ̨ϵڣ¬ƴ߳ΪͬҲǲս֮ˣһʹ¬ƴӿΪƮݣ¶ˣվһɽ壡
Ķ棬һ׷ڵһߣź£ɫΪѿ
¬ƴӵҲףܵõʦͣ˵ΪߣӰȻںϣȻ⾳ߣڵ⣬Ҳ裬ľ˵ءɺɺƽ̨ϵ¬ƴӣŮ
ľüƺķڴȣûκȤɺɺ飬Ҳ˿˫ƽ̨ϵ¬ƴɨƽ˵Ҳ̳֮
ԼҲ֪Ϊʲôڿ¬ƴӵʱвɵøֳһӰ
Ŷľĵط¬ƴʿӦò١ɺɺգգ۾Ц
áľüƺԸ˵ȥ
µЩȤ¬ƴ޵ǧ꣬κεҩǧʶǧǧ꾻ڵ֮򣬸ǼΪ̡ڵٻ÷ѣҲѰ֪ľĵط֮˿У˵֮˲ǰߣԱߵһӡ
ľüĬ֮׷䣬ʶһˣᵤӤ䣬˰ʶǧʵ뿪ǰ޵ǧ꣬ΪȻ˾ڡһת֮ˣߣУ¬ƴӣΪ۵硣֮Ҳǲ磡


1250 ߳޼һ
ľüĻᣬ׷£̺һ˿˵޼˶ƹ
ΪɺɺŮӣգ˫Цľ˿佱֮ˣлᣬС뿴һ
ľüҡͷûлˣȥҲ֪һ𣬻ʱȻߣƺĿܣ󡣡
֮ǰʻ޼ӣȻ޼ݼߣĻҲ޼һͬ˿ԣȴƽ˵ľ֮ԣĳҲǺ棬˵кηˣǷľ˵һ㣬֪˺ľѸ֪лҲʧ֮ۡ
ⷬЩˣľüüһ壬ɨһۣƽĿڵ֪֮δң
ӹһЦƺ⣬ҡͷڵʿѣĳ֮ʱȣпɸһ컯ľѼȳԣգ
޼۵ɫ糣ȴǲϲɨһۣҲû˵ʲô
ɺɺ֮ģ˿ЦȻƿ˻⣬˵֮ǰٻ÷Ҳ޼ڣ֪ģ
˵ţɺɺֶľü͵ƺټ֮Ů޵ǧ꣬ΪȻﵽԲ
ľü˻ɫҲб仯˵ͷ
޼ڹԪоɣδȥ˹Ԫ֮ǰжԴҲǷѽ⣬ƽĿڡ
Ԫڣ֪ǼڣɺɺΪȣȻδԪ֮
볤ϣλ˵һºˡ޼ڰ߿̨ǰķ뺣
뺣ɫЩŹ֣ɺɺľüһȭĿܸͬϵɨֺܶ˶ԼȻ棬в٣ڴ²֪ϸֻ˴š
ʵҲѹǲ⣬ٻ÷պգȻһоɣҾǵͷ֮ǿΪɱ߽ʿ
ɿһ뺣ЦϷҲ֪壬ٺֱӵҪѰ׹ԪڣʱӢѰĳһЩ˽Ԫھѱ֣ȥĳӢܣҲЩ١
һУƺһԪ֮ˣмĹ
һ޼֮˷׷׺ɺɺЦٶ֣һеġǲ֪볤˵֮ˣǺηѡ
뺣ͷ˵֮˵ȷأϷе飬ǹԪڵʦ̷֮Ƶ壬Ϸȥ鿴ԪȷдˣΪӺƣ
һǰѰҩһֱ䲻֪ƺѵ塭
λ˵¬ƴӣƺҲдĪ֮ΪԪڳ棬ϧѰڡ֮ԣƺӺƶ⣬֮ϣ¬ƴӼΪϡЩ㻯֮⡣
¬ƴԣӺƴ˷޼ڣĪ˵׷ڵһ׷ڣǹԪֻƾӺһˣͿɺɨɱӢܣϣ
֮ûӢܣΪŴ˻Ӻ٣ȶһѱһᡣ
ⷬ˵̰꣬޼ʿݼ֮ǿ¬ƴӣҪص࣬˿뺣ĻȴǰȫǱ¬ƴӾӺϡ
˿̣ǰȵƽ̨ϣ¬ƴֻǰʹĳڵɫ԰ˣԷĽŲ̤ͻû֣Ȼ
һĻ̨֮ܿУһĿأȻ¬ƴӵĽŲ⾳ںϣվء
¬ƴӶķЦ˺󣬱ȭϷˣ¬Ѳ޼̳Ϸķ˵꣬תԶ޼ڿ̨һϣҴȥ
׷ڴˣȻβٻ÷ĵʶԪʼûг˿̣δԵɣֻʣ˹Ԫһ
˷ɴȵ޼һλϣ˿һΣ˰գңԪ֮֮ƽ˵Ԫڣ
ԪȻڱ䣬һѹֵջܣٻ÷Ҳգɫ͸ã׷䣬ƺЩʲô
̷ɫ԰ףҧ´֮վǹԪΪߵһˣ˷ԣҪȥ
̷֮һĹԪˣڻʦ֣ĵӡ
̾У̷ʵƣԶƽ̨Ʈȥ
ʦ𡭡ܿоӨ̷ǰȥıӰ֪һ֮󣬹Ԫڵ˻ΣĻɢɡ
һ̣ƽ̨ܣһʱ֮䰲˵֮˴󶼻ۣ˵չԪڷ飬˿̷׷׺ڴǹԪصǷ֡
Ŀ̷ۣɫΪ԰ףȴ¶ᶨԽԽ죬Ƭֱ̺ӳ˴ƽ̨֮ϣ£վ¬ƴӵǰ
¬ƴɫӣ̷ơ
Ԫڲԣһ˱ɡ̷վƽ̨ϣĿ⣬Ӱ˿ȴһۣ֧Ӳ񲻲
Ӧңһ̷ҧ´̧ͷգϡ䣬ƿһӰ¶΢Ц
һƬԭܵκע׷ڹԪڵıԣһ̣ƺΪǸȻصڲͬйʿע⡣
ס߽׷ڣҲһ̣Ŀ۹ȥ
¬ѣͽ̡ƽ̨ϣ̷ɫᶨ¬ƴǷ
¬ƴӳĬƬ̺͵޼ڶ೤ڵĿ̨ȭʣȴ͸侻ΪһƬ¡¡
λǰϣӲԸԪڱԣ£
ľüڵĿ̨ϣǰüͷһ壬ǰ˷ȵķ뺣ɫһȵкβ¬ƴӣ˻⣡
Ƶ׵ѹ¬ƴӵĻ춯һ㡣
¬ƴɫв԰ףΪڷ뺣ȴͨϹֵĺ£΢ȴٴαȭ˵ʶԪһˣΪ֮Զǵȣ٣Ӳ磡û֮ǰԪڱԶԹԪڲ¬ƴҪսҪһսƽ̨ȣҲҪһսӡ֤ʤʤ޻ڣ
һܹʿʱȻԪǸصԭѳΪ̸ҵĽ㣬˿¬ƴӵĻȴʹδ֮˵ٴﵽ˶һ㡣
һ̣˶ڴǸصʲôӣкͨ¬ƴˣٻ÷ˣ
¬ƴӲʦͣȷһĺӡɺɺĿ¶Ȥ֮ɫƽ̨ӰͦΣԴǲ¬ƴӣ
¬ƴӣ̷ƣǰ˵ߣǷ뺣Ҳ޼κһϣ޼ǰߣ
صӺƣѾŨŨȤ


1251 ߳޼
¬ƴǰ̷һͷ˵һΣֱڿ̷̨ƳĬͬʵ֮ȥ
еƮ˲ŮӰȴмᶨ֮òף˿֮ͬ£ȴǱһӾˡ
ľü˿Ҳɸ̾¬ƴӣΪ£Ҳɳ֮Ϊƺ̳ߵɺɺĿΣ¬ƴ֮ƶ
ܿ죬¬ƴӱٽ̨ͣ٣ȭ¬ƴӣμμλϡ˵䣬Ŀһɨһ۾ͿɺɺԵľüȴɲǵĻ㱣ǰ˶˲ϢʧֻʣһĮ˪ľŮӡ
̷¬ƴԣǷ̷ƣλϡ
̨ϵ޼ˣ󶼲δ̷ƣ¬ƴӣɫ¶ͣӣĿ¶顣
¬ƴӣ֮ǰ˵ǹԪڵӺƣ޼ǰߣ˿ƽ͸һεѹ۷Ϊһ̱¶ɣֻǿӣƺΪ
Ӳ֪²⣬ӦӺơ¬ƴӳĬƬ̣ڡ
ʲôΪ¬ƴӣƽʵ
ڡ¬ƴԥһ£ֵֻǸоΪǾڣȴԼ͸ǳƺʵΪӡ
Գڣ޼˱˴˿˿һֵʶϸ˵
¬ƴӵͷǣĿ¶׷֮ɫɱӡ
˵̨֮޼һ㶣Ŀʶ۶ŵڶʿҲһ¡
ӶˣΪ˸ȴҪһɱ֮ˣǱǰԪڡ;ٻ÷ѣҶһͬǰ
¬ƴ׷УѵʶһĻĻ˵˳˵ٻ÷⣬λشҿȵ㻯֮Ȧ֮ˣ׷׶ݣ
޼λϣ¶ȣɫһϸ˼˫ĿȻ⡣
һ֮ȦѰģ֮ڣ׷ѰĵȻأ˶⣬ȴԶԶ㣡
ɺɺĿΣ¬ƴӵĻƺ򣬾Ȼ֮ˣǰȴûš
¬ĳ۵֮󣬸Ϊ壬˷Ϊٴϧ¬ƴ̾
Ҳٻ÷ԭΪΰԪڵ
û뵽ԪھȻһ뺣ɫ¶пʼճĬ̷ơ
̷ƣ˿Ԫ棿ʻߣ޼ߡ
̷󣬵һαʻûκԥǵģʦأ󣬾¹Ԫ֮ΣӴ˱סֻ¬ѵ۵󣬱ٴΣ䲻
ʿѰ֮أȻ⣬Ǻ²ʶſɶڵ˳̶ȵ򡣡˵ӣԴΪп
ʦ˷ɻ޼ߣ¬ƴӵĻ󣬶ӺƵȤԽԽŨ뵽˵ǹԪ֮ˣԪ޼ڵķڣ˵˵ȥˣҲ޼ڵĵӣ
ʦʱԣ̷䵭ȴΪᶨ
ãǱϷҪӺƣǺεԪϵڵıԣҷź󣬷볤ϣɣʼ԰ɡ߹һЦкϲá
׷ڵıԣʽʼƽ̨֮׷ڷ׷׳֣һʱ֮ϣֻȴ޷̫ܹʿĿ⣬ǵĿ⣬˿Ȼͣ޼֮ڵĿ̨ϡ
ľѣŵĻҲ֪ƺӺƣ˵ǸΣӣĿһЦ
ľü¬ƴ˵һֱĬģֺĸоƺƺ¬ƴ˵ӺƣϤ
˿ûлشӵĻǿ¬ƴӣȴĮ˵ɷ˵һӺƵò
¬ƴľüȻĶ˿ԷĻкε¶Ľͷһͷ׷ϲ¡
˵¬ƴȻһЦ̧һץ̱дѷ֣ڷɳһöһ̾Ͱֵӡ
Ԫһ£һһƬĩɢУȴһõӰڻû
Ӱһ£׷ѩɫĮ͸һ˿¶ȴһԵơ
֮Ӱֵɲǣ޼ڶ೤ڣ͵վӣֱĶӰʧ
ľüһӰ̼ܿͰѹ£ȴ֮ģһĪıˡ
ͬһµˣͻȻһҧ´
̷ͬĿ¶ãõӰһƬᡣ
¬ƴһ㶣û˵ͻȻƽ̨̾һХǳ͸һɰɱɷ춯أͬɨص˲Ϣһͷٻ÷޼ڿ̨֮⣬ǰ׷֮ӰĿ޼վϡ
ˣٻ÷ƽȴԼδǰɵøְǰǸ˵ӰִţΪִţɱϧðڳͷҲҪᶨ޼ڣΪģǸӰ
ʱ䲻Ҳ̣ʵϾٻ÷ԼĪΪֻǰɱУÿһƣսʱжḡӰ
ٻ÷ĳ֣̾ɺɺҲվӣҪ˵ȴٻ÷״̬ԣĲһ
ľüǵһοٻ÷ŮӣԷɫвɵһ˿ҧ´Ĭ
޼ǰüͷһ壬ĳϡ
һɫȻ𺳣û뵽Ӻƣ¬ƴ˵ЩԣʲôʿϷǰӴȥۿɱʮһ׻̽ȡʮޣڴˣϷҲ²Ǵ˶֣
һ޼ڸϣ׷ɫ¶𾪣˻Ǳ˵ǻţ£һԴǽٵ쳤˵ȴǾĪŷ
ԭⳤҲˣϷδݣҲ֮ӰǰϷӵ߽׷֮˻㱨һˣףһ·ٶȾˣȻԲ˵һ˥ľ磬½˸ֹ㣡
ᴩףƿ󷨷߽򣬸һλʿ£ʩչӡһӡ֣Ĵ½ǱƵڶɲòȫǨڴ½Ϊõһ·ۣ뵽˰˽ڣһվ֮˵Ļȴٴһ𾪣


1252 ߳޼
һĻĻľü¶֮ɫвɵÿЦ۵˺δƺһЩ֮¡
ٻ÷ͬһ㲻ţҧ´ȴЦ⣬̧ͷգＫΪϲá
̷ȻпհòŻָе𾪱ϲѹ£ף֪Էûǰǰĳŵն£ס߽ס˽ˣ
ɺɺҲĿ¶֮ɫвɵøֳһĻĻԼöĻ棬ڣһ£׷ӣһɾ˵ĺХԶԶٽֻǺܷѽ⣬ԷȻӡ
¬ƴ¶ЦôҲû뵽λ˻ûȻѾ˴ĺƵ¬ƴ޹أ޼ڳϵĻ
޼ڿ̨ϣһƬž޼ߣĺһòţ˿жصȻ֮ǰһ̬ǿ֮ͬˣ
̷ƣĪҪȥˣȴص׷ڱ꣬ʦӦ޼ɿһ¶ӵ̷ͣơ
ٻ÷ҲûȥӦɺɺԣµ˲䣬ľü˫Ŀ磬ɨ˹
ŮɺɺĿɲǵۡɺɺм䣬ֱ˱˴˽֮󣬺Ȼһ䣬գգۣ΢˿ʹľüٻ÷ŮĿֱӣû
ȻʣΪľüٻ÷֮ջĿ⣬ȴ˵
ٻ÷ЩİľŮΪοԼڶԷĿջصɲǣٻ÷ʣȴǱȲľѡ
޼֮ˣƺȵڴԽӵŨֻڴģλϿе
׸ڵıԣ·Ҳûʲôʣȴһˣ統¬ƴһĿ
׾ڴӣΪԬɣ˳չأǶǰ뿪ɣǰηڴȡ꣬Ϊڣޱȣսķ֮ˣ˼ء
׷ڣСеĵһˣ꣬ҲȡͷɾӢܵ
˷Сӳ֣ӢܣҲй˼ɣĬЦûгʹԬɣһʱ֮ͷ
˿վƽ̨֮ϣĿ磬ڿ̨֮ĿʼľüŮϣĿеĿȡ
֪£ѿе֮ˣΣʣص
ٻ÷ɫƽƽ̨ϵԬһۣƽֻ˵֡
磡
ԬɳĬ漴Цƺ⣬Ŀһ˿̨ϵ¬ƴϣ¬ƴӣǰδԬĳδأգǷҪս
¬ƴĿ¶â֮Ԫδһսֺη
ʱ仺Ĺȥ׷ڵıԣҲβֻ˵ȴĹԪӺƣûе
ۿ߽׷ھҪʼԣȣֻǹɣʵĵط߽ڣֻһεĴȣһδټȥδЩס
ܹʿڶ࣬ив֮ˣһδ֮£Ϊס
뺣ԥУߣ߳Ƭ̷̣¬ƴһۣΪȻҪעȫ棬·ڴΪʢ䣬ɼȥҲȷ
ҲˣӺºǰҲ޻˵Ŀһ¬ƴӣ̷ƣƽ̨ɵıԣ
һʿĿ¬ƴӳĬƬ̣ڰߵĿ£վӣ̷һȭֱ̤ƽ̨ȥ
̷ҧ´֪Էп;Уֻ£ȴòս
̾£̷ӻʵȥ˴ƽ̨棬ĿԽӼᶨ
ûһսҲҪȥ
޼ڵķ˽£ٻ÷Ҳûȥ棬ĬĬ̷ƵӰȴд⣬ǹԪڽɢôйԪ֮ˣȥڡ
¬ƴ̷ƽ̨ʿ̰Ŀۣ˷޼ڴȣԪһˣνǳΪĿһСڣһΣʿ
һУȫΪδһˣ
еĿⶼ⣬̨ϵӢܣԹĿ⣬Ķ̷¬ƴӡ
ǸЦǲ϶˻ôĳҪǷ˵Ӣսȭͷ
ԶѰ֮һƬʧȥֻԪ񣬴˿ƮѰڴߣɫήңеĶ񶾣ȴԶԶӢܡ
ַľǣϷưոݣҲͰˣһˣϷе
ٻ÷赲ֻڣǲص֮ˣȴǱҪ
֮ǰ޼ڿ̨ϵ飬̫Զ޼֮ˣ˲֪Ҳֻǿһģ֮Ӱ
ɵԬɣҲĿ˸ƽ̨ϵĶˣ¶ЦǸصǰԼۿ˵ʲô֮ͨ
̷ƽվһɹ¶ĸоУĿۣЩںֻǵȴ˰ˣȴʼûг֡
̧ͷգ˾Өȴû£ת䣬ƴӣ¬ѣͽ̡
¬ƴͬջؿƺȴĿ⣬̷ƣսҲ֣Ҫע⣡
̷ƲȻһЦɫ֮㣬ȴʹô˿̵һĵ˵ͷ˺󼸲˫Ԫ
ԪڰջһУɨ֮¸кصȴһɲǣȻһ߳ڣƣ
һ̣ɫ䣬в֪ΪΣȻԽԽպһ̷Ƶƿأֱշȥ
һ˲䣬̷˴һ£̣Ӿ;ҵĲ͵̧ͷ
һɲǣ¬ƴͬȫһԪƺһ޷ݵѹңԶУХ٣ѹ֮Ծ춯أ˿֣̺һ޷־
־ϤǳϤ
͵̧ͷ¬ƴֱĶգ
һ̣⣬̨ܿϵĽʮʿ׷̸ܵǴ콵ٵѹ𣬻һǺ¡¡ľ죬춯أ޾һɲǣȡصһУ
գȻߣЩߵ̫࣬һ̣ǿյȫȡأ
¡ɫ䣬ƵǱһƬ׹֣Щһγۣ·¡
һɫӰߵУǺ¡¡޾£س֣һͷ׷ƮҡƾףʹأȻΪ׳ص
˲ϢƴԶŵһʿ𺳣Ϊ֮Ȼ
ӿֻΪӭһˣ
ˣ


1253 ߳޼ģ
ˡ¬ƴӴգ޾޾֮󣬰ɫӰ𺳡
ٻ÷͵վӣգһ۾Ϳ֮ӰŰǰʱϤ֮ˣŰԷ̤׶ҧ´ɫԽӵһУþˣԷĵþǰӭ£ߵС
ľüɫӣ̺һ˿˵ĬĬϤİӣǰ˺ܶܶ໭棬˵ĿɬҲй¶ůϢһʱ֮䣬ȴصͷ
̷ĿеľӨԽŨϲõˮ£ԽԽӰһеίһҵй֮ڣˮ
֣ˣնأ̤ƺˣ
һ̣ЩϤ֮ˣʿ޼֮ˣҲ׷𺳡
뺣͵˫֮ͫǽٵİɫӰΪĲؼ˿̵֮ѰʿԾԪı仯ΨĹΪﵽԲſӵУ
ǳߣҲͬ𶯣޹⾳йأ˿̸ܸΪģȻЩٿز֪ԪƺѾ뻯Ԫһ̶Ĥݵĳ嶯ƺǰģһʿһų棬سʹף
޼ӣ˿Ŀ磬ֱĶڵ֣𶯣кȻģǶԷĳ֣ԼȻûаֱ¡ŷӦ
ϢͨһĸģⲢͨǴ˵Ϊ߳Լ̫£
֮ǰŵȥߣ˿̺򶨣޼Ψһһֳ֮ˣ˿̳̾ȭһδ뾹ͬţϷ⽭ƽѣ
֮⣬һ֮Ӱߣ˿Ŀأԭ֪鲢ȫţ˿̣ȴȫŷԷȷ£ɨ߽
޼ڵо˸Ǵ˵֮Ϊߵһˣ˵޼ǿȴҲ˵һ˥ľ磡
Ϊֺľ磬˿ĶĿ⣬ңңֶüģﾡһƬտȴĸܵڴüڣ̲һɹ
оµģ򣬾Ȼ֮ڣض棬һ⣬µĹ
£ȻҲһ˿ηǰ̺֮⾳пʵ仯ʱڣȻѷ٣
Ϊľ֮ʿսûʤ
˵ȷΪȴء֮Ҳ֮
ӢܴڵİӰһɢ֮Ȼͬˮһ˲Ϣͽû
ӲǾ֣η壬µĶ֮ǰԼԪڣԴ٬˵˽սĻͷƤ飬˻ɢ֮С
ŵͬţ˿ҲǺȻһƬ
ȻΪ¬ƴ˵ɱϣȻҲģӢңɫ԰ףԽ塣
ԶѰڴ˿Ȼ㶵յӰȴɫҵı仯˫ͫһʱ֮оȻһƬհס
Ѱϣ˸Ѫɫڿֵɲǣ̾ϳˣƵǲòȫ֣Ųڴ½ΪõҪӭʹ뿪
Ȼ໥ۣ˴еĺȻ
̨ܿϵĽʮʿо󲿷ֶ߽֮ˣǰֵ߽Ǿ춯صһĻûв֪ߣûۿҲ֮˿ڿഫ֪
һϹ֣ۿģӣ˿һۿ׷׻Ȼܣ
ᴳ˸赲벽
ʦ˵𣬴һʽͨȻƿ߽󷨱ݣʦ棬ҲΪ֮𾪣
ϷۿǴˣʩչӡһ·ɨƵڶɲòǨƴ½Ϊÿ·
ʿشˣȴȫ˶ˣ
ˣʦۿ߸ʿͬʱȴһ֮£ˣһĴ½һʽͨ±
֮Ȼ𣬵ȴһҵ£Ȼͱѹȣ׵İֻ¡¡ۣȫڣأްڡ
Ψһˣ£ڰ׷Ʈҡ£һĴ˴ȵƽ̨ϣ̷Ƶߡ
ˡ㲵̷ƣ¶Ǹ⣬
̷еˮҲ̲ס֣ҡͷ¶ĵ΢ЦֻҪʲôʱ򶼲
ȥɣڣԪ˿ɶ˷ȣһùԪڣסס߽ףȫΪһڣִһ˦һ̷֮ƣֱ˸г޼ڿ̨ԡ
ֵĿ⣬ɨ޼֮أ֮ǰ˵һȭɫȴһٻ÷ˡľü
Ŀһ٣ջأվƽ̨ϣǰɫӴſЦ¬ƴӡ
ΪͰǰһ˷ɣϵڸʰ·磡¬ƴӿЦбȭΪֻ߳һߣһս֮ģ£վǰȻǳҵļµģ⾳Ҫǰ֮һεУһ⾳΢񲻶⾳ͻᱻɵĸɸɾ
΢΢һЦɫȴƽ˵¬֣һѯ̷֪ˣˣ˭£
¬ƴӺԥһָ֮˵ţӢܣָȥѰڡ
Ѱڣƶ̰֮ģ
ֵ˵ͷתڣĿкһǰһζ˲Ϣ̤һ㣬ֱŶȥ
ڣӢܱɫ䣬Ӽ۾Ҫˣ߸ʦųϣ˿̷׷ɫأѸٳʦ𣬸һץסӢܣȻ˸л磬޼˿̨ȥ
һңңǰϴŹȭҪ͡
ָͲ˻Է赲ǰֱǰһӣصȴǿȻХ̺Ȼһ
һ춯֮ɲǼػصѪȻҽԪɳ¶ŨŨľ֡
ûаֱͣǴӢܼ۵ȥٶȲ죬ÿһ£ƺʹһйţԪ𶯡
ƽ̨ܣеʿһ̣ȫž
ھӢܵʦͷڳˮ¶Ȼ˿̷޼˻
ѣ롭뺣ԥһ£ȭҪ˵
ȴִֻϣ
ҹԪڣҪߣͬ˵䣬̧ǰһָ޼ڣΪľˣΪľǸԪƣ֮ݣ
˿һָغȴһָȻ֣زƻصǾ޴ָͷĽ٣γһѹʹйߣȫռصľ޴ָ𺳲ѣ
ָ⽵٣źХ˲ϢӢʦϣһغһ̶ǣΪ֮һ
ѪӢʦȻԪֱɢһա˿з紵Ѫ֮֮ڡ
ɱӢܣϡǰ¬ƴӵĻ˿̲ɵø֪֮˵Ķߣ纮
תѰڣһȥ


1254 ߳޼壩
һָͨĵĲҲɷɲǼԪڵӻںϣ
ĵģӵ߻֮ģֵԪΪǿҪʩչɡ
ֻһָʩչȣǲ֮󣬱ϾΪͬʩչķʽҲͬ
ֱһָҪı壬ϾδҪֳͨĪĸо޼ڴﵽĿġ
򲻵ѣ׻ޣɱﵣ
صڳನĻصƺ˶ƣƮɢѪ֮ߣ𺳵һĻ
޼ڣɱڴɱڴӢܣһж˲Ϣ䷢޼ڳϷ뺣Ҫֹ󣬺˵һ䡣
ߣͬ
ʸʵΪһеģûУȥˣȴǼΪ
ָɾĳ֣׵Ľ˵ˣ޼֮ˣס
̷Ƶͷɫƽȴůơ
ľüɫӣﲻ֪ģ࣬뵽뵽鱻٣뵽ɭǿ̷ƣҲ֮
ֻǣ̷վ󣬶ԼУԶҲֻһĬĬļǿȥ
ٻ÷ɫĬĬ֣ϴ΢Цһǰ
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Ϸƴˣ˫Ŀͨ죬˿̸б֮ȫܵ˺ܶ࣬ȴһֺƱȫĸоããΨһ˴ڣ
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ǰУǷĸоԽӵľңƺصĹâһ̶ΨȼյԪǣΪһǿ⣬ʿĿ⣡
ҪҲ踶ۣһŭźأܹʿ
޼֮ˣҲɶݣ
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ϣ˲㾧ɢȣɫΪݣĿʿһɨ˷뺣ϡ
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뺣ɫ֣֮һﲻת߻޼ڿ̨
ܰķţݵİ֮ȴǻȻӵ𣬴ֳ֣ɱţɱѰԺһеʱ䶼ǼΪݣɴ˵𺳣ȴһԽӾң
ͨˣǾˣ
޼ǰ¶֮âһţһѰڣǰͨʿȣ΢
תʿƽȴĴÿһ˶С
ĳԪڣҪս߽зڣˣһֵĻɨʹٴμž
¬ƴѹе𾪣Ŀ⿴ʿеԬɣ¶Ц֮ɫ
Ԭɫ԰ףƽ̨ϰ֣ĬƬ̣ȴʼղǰ
߽Ƶɼдһһƽⰲؼ䣬Ĵ


1255 ߳޼
߽ڣ޼߽ϴδеɣͨ仯Ī̺֮Ĵµǧˣǳڶĸ֡
Щ޼ѡߣص
ƽһ۵ӣɫƽƤԻƣزӣУӴƽ̨Ⱥ̤նƣʹ壬ٽƽ̨
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˵Ǽ޼ȫʵһλͨʿĿģΪڰ˽ɱУԻʤ
ĽŲȺ۽
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ǻ֮ʿ͸ŨŨľ


1256 ߳޼ߣ
ƽ̨ʿУ˶֪ⷬжʲôֻǸоŴյһץغ
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⡭ǳǻ֮ͨô֪ǻͨϹ֣˿һ𶯣ŵһĻĻǼУΪ㣡
ƺ򣬴ͨҩ޵ԵʣҪԶԶĳ磬ҲͬǵҩԵʣΪ޷룬ͨ޷ʹЩʿͨϵԶԶ磡
ǻͨҲ㶥ͨƺֻڴ˵ûգֻ̫̫١
Ϊ˵ڶͨ⾳йأйأԵҩΪƺʿͨ棬֮ȫƾеʿ̫̫ࡣ


1257 ߳޼ˣ
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ִеͨû֮ǰпʩչ˿̣Ԫմ˷ǿתʹƸһЩ
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ǰǰУǰһӣ̾һɺƵ֮Х͵ٻ÷ľüϣʹöŮǰ֮ƣͣ
˵һ˥ߣҲսֵڣһɲǣнⱬͬ͵ͬʱǴſ˺Ѻҹɢ˲䣬ǰЩܿٴۣЩֹͣ˰յˮһ֮£ػָתȻ¡
һ״Ӱ߿дվӣվɲǣЩˮȻһƬ
˽֮սĳԳ֣ԪڣҲҪһһ۾Ϳǰߵ˼ɱҲֻǹϰˣ
ǰоһ¶΢ЦҪ˵ͻȻɫһ䣬ȴ͵̧ͷԶ
֮Ȼ춯أȴһԶХⳤ̺һϲޱϢһͳ촫
㣬ɸҽϷһʽͨ
̫ϳϣ޼ˣ˷׷ȭӭɫΪ
̧ͷȫӺ𣬶ĿģȻٽĳ磬˫ۣҲΪ˽ɫ


1258 ߳޼ҹ
кβң
н͵رɲǼȡعâʹһ̼Ϊ˽ɫЩˮƺҲĽ⻷
һ˲䣬ֵӰΪ˳֮ɢĽ⣬ǳ̫⣡
ϲޱݶǳڣһµİ׷ߣ̤նƣ˫¶ƺص֮â߼䣬ɫ䣬Ƶ·һǰȫٿء
һɫ⻷Ƥ˸ǰУһĻпߣ޲һ
ΨĶȹ˵һ˥ߣӵִ˹Ĺ⻷ֹ⻷ǴһǿߵľΪ
Ӱ֮죬ۼɲֻǿԶ߿գһϢУǰ׷Ȼ߽վϿհɣͷһ㣬Ŀһɨ
Ҳе߻ƽڴɲǣ̧·ƽ̨֮ϵ֣պݺݵһģ
һ֮£غȴؼ䣬еˮȫıˮѸɢɢͬʱһɫ֮ȻûЩɫ֮໥ȻУγһž޴
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׷ߣһ̣ƺҲ飬Ǵ黯һ֮нޣƺǽޣ
Ϊڵسأƺһ˲Ϊ˺ˮ޴ҪĹ
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Ϊޣģأ˿ԴУһĻȻϵҪӡ
գǰ׷ߵͨ£ҲΪͬҪĳع֮⣬ǰ׷ߣ
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˿̣ͬĻȴǴһɾ˵ħʹ˵ĺһ˲䣬ֹͣ


1259 ߳޼
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ģֻһ˵ļ䣬ǽʮʿߣȫ£ǧ絯ָʮϢ
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1260 
ƵĲ޼̫ϳϵĵͨ£˱Ĵƽ̨ܣʿ
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ڿɽɲǣһ٣˫ĿȻоһ
Լ䣬ƷʲôȻһ


1261 ڵɱ
ɽΪ³֮࣬ʱسһ֮£˵أջɽ壡޼ֵɫ仯Ц
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ٽ޼ɽɲǣܵüڣǵ㼱ٵת
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ˣ⼫֮굱󣬴δȡҲ˲٣͸һЩҲ֪޼ĬƬ̣˵
˷ĿģҪ֪Ҫ֮Ǽ򵥣޼ڿνó൱ڸڵĹƷ͸Ӻơ
鲢޼˵ǰأȴҲʵ
ɫ¶мǰˣȭΪĳ֮ˣ޼óڹƷĳм˷˽״ȣĳȻȫԸ
˵֮ʱɽڵĹϢ˳˫ڣӿüڣʹǱĵǣԼٶۡ
޼֣Цͷһץһö֣룬һףȼգ¥⼱ٷȥ
ԵƬ̣ϷȻ˰Ѽ֮ȡһЩ
Եͷ豭ٴһڣȵҲǶԷ仰ǶԷ˿ȥҲҪ뷽跨යƬ̡
̶̵ʱ䣬üĵǣȻ˳ΪеĺۼǹϢ룬ֿĸܵɽڹǵĽϣ̺һɼҲоֿµǿ
Ƭ̼ҹǵ˻ָļǵɽĹĪǡĪǾ岻ɣַ²豭ٴѹ𺳡
һϣڷ뺣ȳϵĸ£ʿڷڴȽ󣬶ɢԻص˾ס֮ڹԪڣڷ뺣£ƫԶľΪ߽׼ͥԺڡ
ͬʱһƵ󷨣Ͽƣ򲻿ǣȴ޷
ٻ÷ŹԪһˣҲסͥԺڣ˿վԺɫҹգȴֵĻ
ľüһˣĬĬվھԪͥԺǧ⣬ϱ¹ӳµģӰ¶¶ҹɫԵúɪҧ´ٻ÷һڵֵĻһЩҪȥ˵ҲҪ˵
ͬģ˿̣Զڰ˽⣬ΪŨľŽģһ޴ϣһͨɢɭȻϢĹУϥһͯӡ
ͯӷɫ󣬵ͷȴǻף˫ĿУб˵ľ˸ǰöƯϿһ֣еö֮ˣΪӺƣ
̧֣ͯöһһͣ˿Ӻֵϡ
Դ˵Ϣɢ֮ҷ֮ƺѰһп֮ˣҵˣһһų֮ΨӺơ׷ͯɱһ
ʱͻȻüͷһ壬һץ̱һŻг֣ȼУȴһö֣޼ڣɺɺķͳ֮
ͯһץǻ͹УԺڣ޼ڵһĻĻĳ֣
ͯӱϥеĻȴ͵վӣɲǣǰöֵ򣬳Ӻöȫ
һɱԴ³һǿϢȻʹͯڱأȻʹҲ֮ҵӿ
ˣɱһǧҲܷŹһߣ


1262 ˡ
ɭĹڣŰ׷ͯӵһ籩籩صʹҲҵӿ¡¡ľ졣
ˣˮӵսأЩҲ㲻վ֮ҶԹ˵ҽӹڣȻȻҪˮҲûй֮
ֻǡ㵽ûͯɫͻȻ̧ͷգɫԽ
㱾Ӧ˲Ŷԣ˵ȫϻ£ȻûĿܣҵ껹Զļްг֣Ϊͨ죬Ҳɣ
ֻǣΪǰҾȻܵһ˿ϢĪǵ㲢ת˲ɣ
׷ͯɫΪ˫¶ɱ
תޣǼǵԶ޲ûвǰϢҸܵľ뵽ǰϢ׷ͯӾһΪϢĳ֣ʹ֮У̶̻գϧһд۷ڣĵӵʥŮ󣬾̰ͼ鴫УҲûǰȥɳ˵ӭӡ
޵꣬Դ⻹ǵһֿ־ĸооɵûδǰһĻĻ
δǰֿ־ĸоһֱڣֱ˿£ǰֵĿ־壬ȴػľ
Ĭ˰׷ͯһҧɱ񣬺૵תޣҲҪɱһΣңǼԶѰ棬ûҵ˰תޣ֣ڣ棬ҲȥƳ֮꣬ȴǿ
׷ͯĿһϥ£ã˫ۡ
Ӻƣͨû¶κϷ֮Ψһ䣬ΨˡϷգЦص껹Ϊż֮ûжԴ̫⣬ûʱ䳤ȴǲ֪֮ǿԾ춯أ˴ԶԶ
ꡢɡԪתǺʣʱ£ռ仯ûκˣҶⶨ֮һ˽࣡
޼ڣһЩʱգϷֻؾֻش޻ڣһΣߣ׷ͯ˫ۣںһ
ԴУΪģ֣ʶ³çǰȥȫ׼
޼ڣ³ɽǸ¥Ув豭Ϣ˳˫ţӿڣüۡ
޼̫ϳ϶ˣ̸Ҳ̽ͨӺδѧ֮⣬ǻȻȥᣬܱɡ
£Էͬͳ֮꣬Ҫǣ³ɽĹϢŲϵգ˵صı仯ԽӾңΪ˷ֿ˵עɫ糣Ц̸
̸֮ȴҲ̺һЩ
֮ںģеȻԻûƾתΪ֮ͨ
˵ʱ¥Х⣬۵ӣ˹վ⣬һ˱ȭȡĿ
ɫƽ¥һۣǼ˵ֱ˵꣬Ŀڸ¥һɨ
޼ʼֻ֮¶ЦȴףԷ֮ʵϵʲôû˵ȴ˵һЩʲô֮ǹ졣
˿̿Ŀע¥⣬ɿһ͸ѹĿ
վڸ¥Ķ˹ǣ߽¥ǰͣ£óС졣ֽӹʶһɨ̾ͷСڣһΪļ֮꣡
Цվӣ޼̫ϳ϶һȭЦлλĳм
޼Цѿˣպ˽׷ڴȣʱȫ֣Ϊ޼쿪ʤ
̫ϳҲվӣЦȭ
ɫƽ˵ͷ˵¶λģĳȫĳ뿪Ԫڰ꣬㲻ٴ˵شˣȻعԪһɡ
޼ЦݸʢЦϵҲˣɵӺǰˣϷҲ£Ϊ·Ԫڣ
֮޼ڵһˣæǡ
ǣ޼̫ϳһȭת磬ֱ¥ȥתۼͳ˰գһڴ
֮ǰȻܵɽڵĹϢԽŨȻ˽صļڴɽڣֻϢ䣬ɽı仯̾ͻᱻĲ
ʶҪ뿪
ɽһʱ䣬üĵĹǵ㣬ǱĵǣȻٴγ֣ΪһƬ΢Уܻûг׻ָ֮ǰ˵ǰȴ֮
ϧˡֻҪû˲պкܶᣬڴ˵չϢǰѱǵĽҲ䵽ҵУɫ糣ս޼ڵӵ·£ռ۶ߡ
뿪ɽڵĹϢֽٴγ˯ˡ
ʼգֶΪգʶδ̫ע⣬ҲͻȻоɽԪЩһЩͬˣû¶
³ɽ¥ڣȥ֮޼Ц𣬳ˣһʹô˵ԪһЩ仯
Ե̫ϳϵ˵ͷƽĿڵΣȻǹԪ֮ˣҲ޼£ĪҪ̫ǿѹĺáܳս˽ɴȣ޼˵νʢ£
޼Ƭ̣һ˦³ɽ
ټ̫ϳϣҵҪ̸£
޼ڵӵ·£ƿǿգص˱󷨽Ʒӡһϡ޼ڵһ·ɫǹ˵·ʵȴ벽˿Խ֡
̤Ǳӡǣ޼ڵó򣬴֪֮˹Ԫڴ˿֮·ֱǰ
ʱ˱˹ԪͥԺ޼ڵֱȭ˵ǰ˵ؾǹԪھ޷Ըˡ
ֵ˵ͷ޼ڵӹˣֱԶ
˿ֻ̣ʣһˣȻԶľüҲͥԺڵٻ÷
ٻ÷վͥԺڣɫΪһɴϣɫУԵø
ٻ÷̧ףŰе֣¶ȻĶЦݡ
ˡ
ˡͥԺڣվٻ÷⣬ĬƬ̺˵
¹ͬϣӰٻ÷ӰӣƺڱԵϣһ˿صܿͷ˿
һƬΨķ紵ʹԺڵһЩݣֻٻ÷֮䣬ȴ¹£Ĭ


1263 
ֳĬһ統һʱǿһת۶һĻȴơ
ֵĳĬΪ֪˵Щʲôڽٻ÷ǰѾֵĻҲûԴǡ
߲ʽڣֶ֮Ҫֱֻȴ̺˸顣
ģѾˣװµģҲֻĽһŮӡػ𣬳һ̣ѡһĵ·
ֻڣ˵ٻ÷ûУٻ÷еֻǵֻ֮ͣĳ֣˵תۣȴʹͣЩˡ
ָоٻ÷㣬öԼţҲֻʶ֮⣬һƬ԰ס
ûħģûĵȴҲûɽڣհͷɿݹǵ𺳣ûǧ޵顣
ûʹ٣˻ʹһصĻ
ҲҪһŵһһŮ˵ĳŵ
ԣٻ÷ֱ˳Ĭ
ٻ÷ֵǸӵġ
һôٻ÷ҧ´ͥԺڵĲݵϣ¹£ʹô˿̵ˣ绪
ֳĬУٻ÷ߣڵҹ貵ǹ⣬˵ɫǼٻ÷ϵ㣬ˣƺҲȫ
꣬Ŀɺáٻ÷ͷһţʹݲסָ
á
Ǹͼ㿴ôٻ÷Ц̧ͷ֣ɫУһ̺
ֵĿٻ÷ϣƬջأû˵
ллķѷսϣȹ˹¶İꡭٻ÷Ŀת֣
ſҪ˵Щʲôգûгڡ
죬ҾҪˡٻ÷Ȼ֣˫ƺڲĿȴǼᶨʼտֻ֣ϵָƺƵĸ࣬ôҲԸ
ҡ㡣ֳĬУڡ
ٻ÷¶΢ЦգգۣЦһΪưء
ֿЦҡͷ
ϴҲ˵Ҫң;лȥѰ㣬Ҳ͵ġٻ÷˫ĲƺΪңȻ֡
һΣһ㡣ֱܿٻ÷Ŀ⣬ǰ
ٻ÷пɬߵ֣ȴһңԶĸоУԷԼܽȴֺԶԶƺûκ
ͬˮе㣬յķŷµˮУΪ֮ģأƲˮ档
ǷżȻ䣬˺ӱߣˮе㣬Ƭ̵ͣ٣գչԶµģΨչʱķ磬ˮ棬һȦȦɬˮŷ塣
һȥҪܾòſԻߣҲˡٻ÷ֶУʹָΪĬ
һ¶ʦҼȥսҵˡһ죬Ҳûлϣ㣬Լǵáٻ÷ϵָĲһ£ĸˡ
ûи֣жԷӰԽӵҲûи֣Ϊǽɫɱ䣬ƴҲҪȡءûи֣֮Կ޼ڣһɶôѹ
ӣѹ£ǳܲסġս뿪ģΨˡڵѹڵѹڰɱƣѹ£ѡ;ȥһУֻΪ˼һǰԼԶԶˡ
ͬûи֣ΪȥҲвͬжĻڣȥҲǴ𡭡
Ҳûи֣һ뿪սʧȥڣϿɴĻᡣ
һУ˵ǲ֪ġ
СʱҾͷˣԼ˲һҵͷɫģƺûκ˵ͷɫڻǵãСʱߵ飬Цҡٻ÷˵ţеĿɬŶʱ׷䡣
޵ܿ̿࣬ʦΪңҲ˺ܶ൤ҩⵤҩİ£ҲΪҵΪʦģڸġԣҪȥսҵˡ
ٻ÷ϵ֣ûɿ֮£ǸݰʹݣǲС
վɫ㷢˫֣һ죬ҲˣǵУһٻ÷ŮӣҴҶô
仰ֵģһʹɫв԰ף̧ͷٻ÷֮ĵ˵ͷ
ġ
ٻ÷¶ЦݣֻЦݣȴ͸һ˿౯֣ҪһУѶԷȫȫڼУǡ׵׵ڼС
һ־룬ͬڣͬ޷ͬңԶˮ׵㣬ڷȥһ̣Ծˮ棬Ҫٸˮעӷֻգֻһֻۣصˮףȥ
ٻ÷еĿɬŨˡϡ䣬иֳ˵꿪źԼ̤ڣƿǰһĻĻһĻ棬ԼΪ˷е
ģУƿˣǷһϿգˮһɫѤںӱߣϸĿһ
һ̣Ҳˮף
¹Уٻ÷̾ķ磬ⰲͥԺӰԶ
ллٻ÷¹µıӰ
ΪʲôҪлҡٻ÷һ٣תͷ֣ɫ
ֳĬƬ̣һгһ
һ
ڿһɲǣٻ÷ڸԼʱϽ¶΢ЦЦԽԽʢʹһ˲䣬˾˵
ҼǵáҰˡٻ÷գգۣ
Һм񵽡ɫЩŹ֣ⷬԼ˵Щȥš
ԭмˡٻ÷дЦ⣬˵ͷ
㡣֪ٻ÷ˣֻᣬȴѽҪٻ÷
񵽵ģ㻹ңһǻӵٻ÷ЦŨ´ϸĿһۣתȥ
ǵӦңһΣҪ뿪ġٻ÷ĻĴӣʧɫУصͥԺڣķ䡣
ְ֮̾ĿͥԺ⡣
վһŮӣŮվף֣ͬɫ͸ӣԵɪ¹£ɪ¶ĬĬֶӡ
һۣ·صȸǣص˺ڣˮüŮӣվںڣһοȺУ֡


1264 ֪
ľüͥԺ򿪵ţĿۣƺţһԽȥĹ֣Ź֣ɫгĬ
ֳĬٻ÷ʱͬ˵ʲôط˲ͬƺֵУĽ⣬ֻһüڵľüӰ桭
ȸǣҲڵƺˡ
ĬУľüͷŲ̤ǹһţߵͥԺڣ֮Ĳݵϡ
û뵽㡣ľü̧ͷҹգЩɳƣڡ
Ŀľüջأɫƽûĸӣ֮ǰһֻһİˡ
֮£Ԥ⡣ƽ˵
ľüǾ׵գ¹չֳ˵̺һɸ߹ʣΪʥŮȻȻ߱Ϣ
һκһŮӣϣûľüߣͺһӦóӣżȻ併֮С
Ԥ⡭ľüһ˿ɬ
ΪλƺֿľüŮӣ޵ʹ࣬ͬȴӡڣԶԶҲ޷ǵĸɸɾ
ֻüǰŮӵķüһУƺŮϵõеʱֱֶ治壬üľü
һѾҪģ뿪ǰȻŮ˽һжԹǷȥҲġ
ʶһɭġ񡭡ľü֣ɬͬʱҲк
ɭ˫ĿȻһ䣬̾к˸
ˣĴʹ˱ɱղò죬Ҳ̤벽λͨʿΪ³ӣҲǿգɭһսľüĻᣬ˵ȴǾףֶУȫϢȻۣƺɲǣͳΪһҪĻɽһ㡣
ľüĻﻹûнҪֵϢû˵꣡
ʬռݵ򣬱ɭѰʬ߰䣬ڶ࣬ʬڣֱ
ʥڣɭǰУأʥʾΪͨ죬ɭ֮£ȻС
һв֮ɭĺɨ£ȫ߽⣬׷ɢߡΨ˵֪ܲΪΣûɭע⣬֮£Խȫ
˫ͫһϢ𺳣ʵ̫󣬾ͺӭײ񣬻һɷ籩
ôҲûϵɭѣȻ˾κˣ
Ϊĵɽ磬δܵƻɭҲǰȥⱻ裬Լɭȥľüҧ´˵
ǶԵģѡߣô˷ѣΪ֮ȻˡһʿȫսػĹܼҲɭ֣֮Ϊһȡһ˿ĻᡭҵѾڿģҽ۶
ҵΪҲΧĵˣҪﵽ۷壬Ҫʱ䡣
һƽϢɭĳ֣Ѿ׼˿ľüĻȴȻ𺳡
ΪʥŮ鴫УǰһʥŮƺоɣڴǷһʥŮ֣ʶҪָ֮Ϊľüͳ˵ţȻһ
ģ֣
˫ǰһȥֱٽľü̧˫ָɽȻһľüüĵ¡
ľüû㣬һ֮ɫҰףʲôֲȷֵ˫ָüġ
ľüȻĻصƬ̺ü֮ϾһתϢ˲Ϣ˸ϢתھȻ͸һŨŨĹϢ
Ϣ֮ǿ˲ȴĸܣɫ̧ͷҹգ֪Щʲô
ľüѪɫ漴¶࣬º˼ʧȥһ
ԡԲ𡭡Բ𡭡ľüҧ´оӨˮ۽£ʼաֻһŮӡ
ıҪ֪һи֣׼ıǵֵİΣҪ֪һУ־뿪
ı⣬Ǻõġ
ҡƺѾ̽Ԫû˿ķ֣ۣԪҲҴѰҡ
ûµġֵͷڿľüǲҰ׵ᣬǻڻ޴󣬰̾һ˵
޹أۿʿ³ӣҲɭ°Щɭʵ޲޷ӡ;ҳߡ
ͣȻľüĺ⡣
ҡľüû뵽һеĽɫ԰Ѫ
ңɭȻ˹ӡҲδǸ˲Ʒ˫Ŀһ̧ľüüһץȻڹϢ໥£ľüüĵĹӡȻ룬һϢֱ֡
ٽֵ˲䣬üȻǵתֱӽϢգ˸ով߱εĵڣȻ䣬УɭӰû֮µȴǰֵù֮
һգɭǿľüϵϢȴǲ࣬Ƭ̼䣬㱻ǿɣȻʹĵǣΪȹһЩ
뿪ǰ֣ҪѰңƺֻƺôҲҲӡľüĿ¶븴ӣ
ɫȻһľü֪ʲôʱƺ
ʱҲǺʱڱչػָ壬µʱ䣬ᳬꡣľü룬ڡ
꣡Ŀ˸
ʱ䣬ִ󲿷ֵֶռڣ֪Լ֮ƺǷЩ
ڷڣɭȻûѰҵҵϢῼǶԷǷ뿪˷硭Ǹʱڵĵطйأһɭƿ󣬺пܻһɫ̹Ź
ɭڷڣҴ߲ʽ뿪Ҳ£ȻûвѰĿܣûôҼԶ϶ɭ֪Ժַƿ˷ȥˡ⣡
ֻ𰸵ͬʱ̫ǳڣһźĴǿգǿУһ޴Ĺ񣬴ŷŭ֮𣬴һ̫֮ڳѪ졣
Ѿ˵ھŸ̫֮ˣ̫ǳڣȻѰҲֵɭ
Ƭǰɱ̫֮ɲǣȴȻһĸܵԼʥŮϵӡֵϢ
һ֣ɭɫ˲ѿһɷ籩ڷı
ڽڣôڽڣѾڽѰ飡ɭ˿̵ȴûʵԶʱƿһη


1264 䣡
ľüȥˡ
֣Ϊ˸˵һĻĻ֮䣬ûĽ̸ƺԸ˵Ҳȥ˵
ǰľüɫµӰͣͥԺ⣬һºδͷ˵һ仰
ٻ÷ͦġֻǣ㻹ǲôţѣҲԸǧ¶ӡңҲԸ⿴ġһһȥڱչˣǧڶأҲ֪ǧֻںδֻǣ֡һ仰Ҫ˵
ңüƽĸסҽļһƽֻһĸסľü૶Զĵģƺһ仰˵Բ
ǧħգȴĸıˡ
ʥŮͨԹΨһ˳ɹȫʧܣľüݾں֮հü֮ϣûԲǿͨҲ˳Ѻۡ
ѺۣüҲ֣ƽ˿̣ľüһһУȥܿϵѷ죬ѡԣѡȥܡ
Ϊı仯ʹĵڸıУȻԲļ飬ֻһ֣
޵޵Բ֮ز֮ôޣΪ
޵ߣдһݸжݸжԼӵƵ֮棬ӵеػ
ľüϵѷ죬ѾֵӰӰ仯Բ֮УΪ֮µӡ
ӡĵ̤Բ·;ϡ
ͥԺڣҹУֵܣŮӲͬ㣬ֶվյɫĬá
ʱ仺ţתУչȥ˽׷ڵĴȣҲٽ뿪֮ʱ
ľüǰɺɺ뿪޼ڣɺɺӵʦľüٻصڣ˵ȥ޼ȻֹǰľüûлͷǽģʥŮ
֮٣ֻʣһˣһȻԼϵΣȫѹҪΪ˻ָޣҪΪʥŮζޣΣӱ˺ܾúܾã£ӱܣѡԡ
ֵĽ̸ȴеķ˿Ƿݼεĵף⳾
ٻ÷ҲҪȥӵʦټû˵κ飬ȴĴٻ÷̷һ£޼ڴ̻صڣ
ƺһУ˷ĸо
ʦĻٻ÷ܾܾڸһУʦ¾ʦû˵ԭ򣬵Ļȴһûм
ֻü𣬱̤޼ڵĴھβͬĴ͵صȥڡ
Ҳв⣬֪ʦΪͻȻ˽ļУʦһݣûκһΣ㣬ģв֪ΪΣһ˿벻ƺʲô飬ȻϢĽ١
ľüٻ÷ȥ޼λ̫ϳϣټһУ߳޼ڣ׼ȥ˽ȵսд˷ƺʢ䣡
һս޼ΪţΪİ˽ɣ˷ɣ޼һΣȻõһ
Ϊⳡʢ䣬ֵĵȻòƽ⣬ѹԵƣȫ޼ϡ޼ûκοܻ䣬޼̫ϳϿһսص㣬Ȼսı˲ս˽ɵı𾪡
ͬľü̸еǾ仰Ѳ⣡
޼һ׼ǰʱͻȻ޼ɽڣһ磬ⳤɢ춯صϢֱ޼
ⳤһߣֲδϣȴͬһ⻷˸ȻΪ˥ٵĳ̶ȣ
ɫΪٽ֮˵ֱ׳һö޼У޼üͷʶһɨһɨ֮£ȴɫ䣡
ʱȫ֮ȻǷŭ˼㣡
а͸̫ϳϣϷֱ𿴺󣬾ɫƺһ˲䣬ն
ðԵڣ֮ǰһս̫ϳϣ纮ҧȵ
һ仰Ϳƺ˽ʢ䣬ʹ߽⣬ֻǲ֪ڵ׷ʲô裬Ȼȡΰ˽״ȣ޼Ϊδȣ׼ô꣬󣬿ɻõһһɨ̬ڣƾʲôҪȡһ̫ϳЦ¶ŭ
ģȴһֱ벻ʣǾǴͨʿĽ޼ҲССɣ£ȴΪһöڵ򣬲òĽܣ
޼ǰ߳Ĭ˺ܾãƺһƣ̾һҡͷˣڼȻȡ˴ΰ˽״ȣȻԭֻԭ򣬲Ϊ֪ѡ
ɬ޼֣Цȭѣ˷˽״ѾȡҲȥҵҪټ೤̸£ѲдŹԪڻ׼ʱһǨ߽򡣡
ɫƽȴ֪ΪΣľ֮Уƺʲô֮£ڻĽ٣ĬƬ̣Ŀһ˵ڵĳɷһ
޼һ̫ϳϣһ˦ֱ֣ץסʶһɨ
ֻһ仰
Ȱ˽״ȣУʹ˽ͣ
ʶɨɲǣ̾͸ܵһ޷ݵǿƴǻڷĳϡƻһ޴ӡ¡¡Ľٶ
͵һʶջأ򻹸޼ڣ˱ȭתȥ
޼֮ҲһӣвޣȴΣΨнܡ
ٻ÷ӵ򣬴ҴȥľüͬߴҴң˾֪ԭ򣬴Ҳûʲô֮˽״ȣȴʱֹһϵһȴ͸Ź죡
Īƺ򣬽Ҫʲô֮·ɣüͷкǲ⡣
ҴһصԪ֮ټ̷Ƶˣʰһ޼ڵĴһһ뿪صĪ޴½
ЩľĸоԽԽǴ֮ʱָо¾ȻҲ޷붨
ԪһУպҴȥ߽򣬴˺ҽ뿪صĪ޴½˵ⷬڱչأʶԪڣѸӻǽϡ
һΣںϲΪʩչͨӭУҪӵ׼ǿһδ֪֮䣡
ͬʱھŽڣٻ÷ͨ󷨻صɵɲǣȴ̾ɫһ䣡ȫȴǰ֮£𾪡
ʮϣˣڳΧס˴ڵٻ÷⴫ǹâ˸ûκδ͹ܣеֻǷʦ𣬸Ǵӽıչ߳ϥ⣬ٻ÷ɲǣ˫¶˾⣬ֱĶٻ÷
ӽ쿪ʼڣ㲻̤󷨰벽Ź洦ã


1266 һ
һɰƺڼٵʣⰵڣǸһϵµķ
ٻ÷ŷ߳벽ʦչֹӵĵӡ
ĿԣΪٻ÷İΣòˣ
ľüһоãȻ֪ҲЩԣɺɺȥں󣬲δɺɺ֮ʦҲڵȨߣˮӣ
̤ڵ˲䣬̱ɣһչ֮أڿṩһΪָĵҩֻȴľṳ̈벽
˿̵֪˾˽ɵĴҲȡôǣȻɣ˵һֱģȴҲҳߡ
ֻµľü֪һС
ٻ÷Ҳ˿֪˽ɵĴȣȡ
ӿƺ
Ī޴½ϣԪڵĵ̷Ƶ˵ĴҴټ£ʱһʰϣ׼Ǩƶߣ뿪뿪Ī޴½ȥѾ޼ڿٳ޽õ¹Ԫɽš
ϥڹԪһڣԪڷӡе֮ںϣںϵһ˲䣬Ϊһ㡣
һ֮£ƺ֪֮ڣֻǱ棡
֮ںϣϥ˫ɢֱʣؽһһʱ䣬ںϳ̶ȡ
ںУͬԪϣأʹ֮꣬ﵽһǰδеںϡ
ܲɷ֣
ʩչӵ̶ֲͨȵںϣչͨҪƾ̺֮һ˿䱾֪Ԥ֪֮µܳľĸԴڡ
ֻܣ˵̫ѣϾӣֻƾӻһ˿䱾ǿܡ
˿ֵڣǰһƬޱ޼ʵڣڵһУʼһڸأʹ޷Դ
ûзȫԪת֮£Ԫڵ֮Ϊεںϣں֮һЩ顣
Լ޵;УԼƺĪ޴½ĹԪڣЩȫɲǣ
ڸصȻ伱ٵתһɹɺ¡¡ڻصһ˫ڿٵĲЩʹЩѸٵĻУ
гֵ˲䣬һֻԼڳ֮併٣ֱϣɲǼ䣬γɵк¡һ߽һܼɢȥ
ɢ˲ϢУһ棡
ǻڣһ˫۾۾͸ı䣬ǻеգ֣ĮŻϣһ̧ͷ֮ˣ
ڿ⻭ɲǣȻһ𣬺аڶߺȻը죬ʹЩöУ̴ӷɢ״̬ۣǻٴ
͵˫ۣɫ˲԰ס
ǴأĪ޴½̧ͷʿǡң˫۾ˣΪͨ죬ǰұɣ
̧ͷĿƿԴ͸ҷֱϣʱĪ޴½գһƬʣ
֮ںϣδһĻȻǼˣȴģҪٿһΣ
ĬһһָüģſڼĹһǰ˷ӡ
ӡǾֹǳ֮ٵת֮ɢ񣬿һߣ𶯡
˫ӡڷӡϣȻӡһ٣Ĺڵȫ
ĹУ֮ӷӡڻûһ߳վǰ
ɱǹλ޼ɷ죡ֺʩչ֮ͨʱ˵ھҪʩչķȴǼΪǿɱ̺֮ļ⣡
ھ˵ɲǣǰ֮˫ĿȻ˸⣬ȴǰ͵һȻ͸ֵ壬صһ㣡
һ̣֮͵תִͬһλϥ£
һĻͺ֮ΪֵԪ񣬴˿̣Ԫλںϣ
Ȼ֮ǰӡеںϣһ׵׵룡֮ϥ£ȫصһ𣬴˿̣Ȼֲӵ
Ƴ˾ҵı仯ʱΪӣʱΪ
һ˲䣬˫Ŀһգٴκȴޱ޼ʵһγ֣һΣŨͬУתһͺкȻٴɢ
¶ڣһ棡
⻭棬Ǿֹƶ
ڣѪĪ޴½ϣԪһɳȻɢ
һתٴα仯һλɫ԰ףǿڼۣȴûӳԶǰͳһľӣڳֵģȻ˫۾
һ֮£ȫȻԪ
תһνΪֵľȻǹԪڴ˿ִң̧ͷԥĳȥʰеĹԪڵӣǿռۣ
ûʱţ֪ȥ˶ãּӶУǿպȴĿⲻ֪͸˶ֱϡ
ٶһγֵģǻ˹֣սУһ۵ߣֻ̧֣һָ
ȻʧȥһжٽüģȻУٴ
һ治ϵתÿһתֵĶͬȻǳɰǧ뾡˸ַӶݣգ
͵˫ֱۣǰ亹ӶͷڳȫһƬȻڶ̶̵ʱڣ·Ѿˮʪ
ӵͨǧδ仯УȻûһܻǱɣֳĬ¶񣬸ǲģ
Ȼȷˣٻ÷ȥԼйأľü뿪Լйأ˽ȵֹԼйأ
һΪǿĵܣҪɱԼⲻ߲ʽ̫ǳĵʩչһ֮һܣԡǰȡԼ֮
һޣΣٴΣҶҪԣ£ҲҲƾֵķҲΨһκ˫Ŀһһץǰдѷ֣ڷɳӡ
ĿЩһɨһţ˫оȻ߲֮â˸ȫֱ֮ڡ
߲֮âȻһ߲УƯǰ
߲Уҧ֮͵һȴ̾ͰУȻ¡
٣ߣ֮
ֵͳ͸ɱΪأٻ֮δһ
ɲǣһһɺƵڱڵĻУ˺һʹڣٴγһ棡
ǻУһˣ
Ϸ룬Žӣ


1267 룿
֮ɲǣƺĪ޴½ϣȻһУڹԪɽŹ㳡ϣֳֻرȥĹԪڵӡ
ԭڵ̸ԴЩã˷ܣȻ֪ˣԪڲûнɢҪǨȥ߽
ʱͻȻʵȻһһɾ춯صļ֮ХȴһؼŹԪڹ㳡ٽ
ɲǣȻǽһöٽ֮ȻƯ˹Ԫڹ㳡֮ϡ
ͻı仯̾˹ԪڵӵĻȻ̷ƵˣҲɫһ䣬ΪڴϢȻϹֲſɢ
ҾѰԲɴﵽһö򣬾Ȼ춯أʹɫ䣬Ƶ仯
Ϸ룬Žӣ
ϵںƵĴԪڣĪ޴½
̷ƱϾڰ˽޼ڼ棬Ѱʿ˿Ŀһȭ֪ǰҹԪڣΪ£
ȴͷȴ֪Ϸ԰ˡǰҵϷҪԪ֮
һĪѹȻֵ˲䣬أһ仰ĹԪڵ
̷ɫһ䣡
ϷԪڲ޳Թ˵ԪȴҲԸ飬ް취ҲΨȡԪ֮ˡ
̷Ŀ⺮һЦĹԪڵӣȴһɫ¶֡
ȴ˷ȻʰһУɢˣϷ޼оɣ޼ǷϷһ飬Ϸ⣬Ϸһ⣬Ԫڱɢ֮Σ
ɱԪţϷԸԪó㹻Ԫߵȼ֮ô¾ʹ˰ݣǲ͸һɲݾܾİԵҲв֮⣬ԲϢв̱ļΪߣ񾪺
̷ƳĬɫȴԽӱ䡣
ʱչе֣˫ۣĿǰ֮ǽƿԴ͸һ㡣
룡¶䣬վ֮룬ӡڣһڽӡ£ǰһȻ뿪չң˹Ԫڹ㳡֮ϵС
ϷʱޣֻȰ㿼ǣ󡭡
ԲϢŨŨѹȴ˿֪˿ԱߣȻĿʶɨ
չȫΪʶڣһ籩ȻĪ޴½ϷɨƾϢܿʶĪ޴½ϲԵһ˵Ķڣ
ⶼǼΪ˿ֵ̽ڳ֮һ¥˿̾¥һշŵķУϥһߣһɷǣһ㣬׷Բԣŵۣ˿˫ĿգǰƯһö壡
徧Ө͸ϾȻûǳ̺أǣȴûκϢ¶
ǽȥҲ˿ܲ죬ΨۿȥŻ־Ķ֮У
ԪϣԪһ飬˲ɻ𣡡ϥУ˵Щڳڵɲǣ̾ͱգʮ⣬Ԫڣ
ϷҲ֪ԪûرˣȽдߴռ֮ȫ£ϷҲ͵ûзȥԪ֮ΣΪ޼һ⡭Ϸһ޵ѵôȱȺΪ֮˵ţԴһٴյļΪ
˵֮˫ۣĿһ¶Ц
ͻϢ֪Ԫڴ˷ӱɢˣʶרȴȵľǹԪȥȵʿԪĻ̻֮ʱʹһԳɹ
ֻǣ޼Ϣķ˿̵֪Ԫ޼ڵľֵĴڣ
¼ʮþȣϷδʧܣֻǿϧϷǹԪ̷ƱΪһŮϧϷԳʣǾˡ
߰̾ǰ壬е֮ɫŨ̧־Ҫץ塣
һɲǣһȻⷿ
롣
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һͷ׷£˫¶⣬ĿһһѪ
¶ľ֣ʧϹ֣˵ǰ壬ֱȥҪӶݡ
Ķߣ̧Ųǰһһɾ춯صѹȻʹһٴѪ
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ƯڰյȻâ˸ֱ߶ȥ֮죬Ҳоǰһ˲Ϣ䣬Ư⣬ǴĿĹâ˸£һײ˴ֱӶݡ
ӳɲǣǰһģغ޾ѹ˷Хֱߡ
ٽߵɲǣâ͵һţ¡¡֮صֿɱʿһȻ
º𣬻Զۡ
һֱĶ߶ȥ֮âĲߣö壡
һ棬ֵľߣֺֻǷѽ⣬ߵΪʵǡ̫ͣ
ӣƺ֮ǰոͻʶﵽ֮
ΪϰٸһҲԵַֿŵһ߾Ȼûκ˻һ㣬̾˫Ŀ
ʲô壡ǰһ壬ֱӻ׷ȥ
âߣ˿ѪɫѪ˳£¶δйľţƭ꣬Ϊԭ򼸺δʧ֣С֮£ûκ˿Բ£Ȼҵɱ
Ϲ֣һ뵽ԷΪ߾Ϳ־Ũ˿ֻӶݶȥ
尡壬˷ΣȫˣԴӻδϷʧΣҪҰҪ֪ϷƭЩԪǴ󲿷ֶգɫԽӲ԰ףĻƺã֮âȻٴη˸ٶȸӶݡ
߱âƣӳɲǣͻȻǰؼһƬƻصȴִһ̧߳ǰ͵һɨ
¡¡𣬸пص籩ֱӾһ
֮𣬺һضҪ˺֮ҵ˸Ȼû˿ˣһתı䷽Ӷݡ
ҿܣ֮ǰȥ˫֮£ȻдĽƻûһ֮أγһΣֱȥ


1268 ʧ
µϣǰңһ˲䳹׵׵ıʩչ֮£ͺһɢ壬ڼٵۡ
âеߣȻ¶ʱڴ˻ȴһȻɢһԼŵľ޴򼣡
ͨڣϸһߣΪ
ֺ̾͵ת׷һڶ̺һɾ綾Щǰ۶ȥĽƣȻɲǣȻ
˫Ŀһû˿ֱͣǰȥ̧һָգкȵ֮ףҺ
ڣȻĪ޴½պȻͳ޾Щһȡأ¡¡£ֱǻûľ޴ȥ
˻ȴƴļЩٵɲǣһĻ̳֣ȴڣȻٳֺڻûֻ򼣡
һֻ򼣬˻¶أٵȻһ
֮һ̾춯أҽȴȻޣǼ
ĿһһζڣֱӳĹڣ̧ǰ͵һ֮£ٴα
ʣ򼣬˿̼˻мջأҪصڡ
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ִ֮ǰһϵͨɱʿ£ǻ򼣬Ȼû˿𻵣
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˿ڽƷӡУһȥٽâ⣬̧־ҪץȡһɲǣȴһȻʹ
ٴηȴһǧɵ˿־̫Իûͽ֣ſڣ˲䣬һھɶ
ͬʱ룬ɫ壬Ϲ֣ϱԪȻ٣ϷһҲҪȫ㣡
ǧײУɶ˲䣬ɫûа仯ǣܶûаǧٵɲǣĿһſڱһ
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ǰĲ˻ȻصأΪ˾죡
ʧȥ֮âɢȴһƬ֮â֮⣬֮âɢȻһйâϣƺ壬Ͳó֮У֮
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ӳ֮£еȻɢ׵ڣȻԪУ⣬͵һͱڣ
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ָоģȴûʱȥ˼Ϊɢɲǣкһļ䡣
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壬һۺٴӶݡ
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ʹĸӦжϡ
£ȣ㲻ʲô¶֣ͨһ
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ﲻϵؿͷȻ˵ӣɫ԰а
̫ˣֻѰڶʿΪԴݺƺƭδʶƣԸȥĆ£һ˦̾ͰѴ봢ռڡ
˵ȷﲻƭ޹أƭ˹ԪͷϣȴӦͷһį㣬úýѵһ봢ռ궼ûϡ
ԭήҲϵãʱԼʱǶԱ˵ĶȤǻζϣھһΡ
įʱͻȻֵĴǿ봢ռɵþһ˫ð˷֮â˷ܵ˻
ӷģСһúõġѵⲻ۵ļһ֪˷ܵĴ˫֣һЦƽǽߣĿ־УڹâԽԽ
̵ģүүį˶ˣ˰쿪ۣСӵɷǣðĺðЦȥֻЦôƺһЩаζ


1269 û˼ҡ
ڰգĿ¶ܳһڣصö򣬵ȻʧһʧĻӡ
һ仯Щʼδǲ⣬һЩ֮⡣
ܵȻйأ涼ʧˣָλ⣡üͷһλص˹Ԫڡ
Ԫڣ̷Ƶڵȴֺ֣һһִ˿˼һͷ
Ԫ򣬴˿ҲΪѰ֮ûϢʵϺܼ򵥣ͨڵŪĵȷȷϢʶŲ¶
˿ǰȫϢҲɢˣΪѰ֮
ʦ棬˿ҹԪȻȫϣʱȥ̷֣
ֳĬһ۹Ԫڣ˵أһЩģȹƺһʱ⣬ӵƺݡ
߰ɣһһЩҪպлᣬһȥ߽ǡֳĬ֮󣬻ڡ
̷һ˿ȻֻҲףֵΪǻССĹԪڳþסȻȥֻû룬ô졣
ҧ´̷һ˵Щʲôջû˵ڣĵһ̾ŹԪˣһһ̤봫뿪ˡ
ÿһԪǰֹһݡ
ЩԪڵȥ˿ϥһ˵ĹԪڹ㳡ڣգк¶
ܵһг·ȫԪȥ߽ҲһھߣҲӲһޣ¼Ȼ·ߣôҪƴһ·
ܡҴ˷ѲһգҪõܣҲҪǰͷĿкŨ
һӣռ֣ڷɳѶ̽Ѷ߲̽ʽ֮зӡʼûƿ˷Σǿд򿪷ӡΪԼһ
׼֮ʱԶھŽڣǱڳס޷ȥٻ÷ʦʦٻ÷ȥɷٻ÷һԵɡ
ٻ÷ʦĬû˵ʧȥڵֻ塣
ʦٻ÷߳޵ٻ÷ΪսڽУٻ÷ֻҪսѡٻ÷ͷڡ
ΪʦѴºȥͿɣؼһʱٻ÷ʦ𣬳ĬƬ̺ɳƵĿڡ
ٻ÷˫Ŀһʦȴһһֱ벻Ϊʦˣҳ̷ϣ˵ĿģΪ˷ӡԼϾԼΪԳϡ
ϣȻ𵽼֤ãӵǡ
ٻ÷ɫЩ԰ף̷ӵģԼʦԭٻ÷ΪʦˣΪԼǿ뿪֮£һʦȻԼºٻսȻ֮£޹أ
ʲô飬ʦ糣ٻ÷ЩľǵԼв֪ΪΣȻֳֵӰ
ʦٻ÷ʲô飬Ҫ£ٻ÷̧ͷĿ¶ᶨʦ
ٻ÷ʦ̾һԼӵĵӣĿ¶븴֮ɫã˵㡭
û˵꣬˵һֵ˲䣬еһˣ̱ȭ˼
зִ磡ٻ÷ʦڵɫһ䣬ɨǳԵĳһۡ
ٻ÷ʶһӺ֮ˣĿٻ÷ϡ
ٻ÷ɫ糣ȴǺȻһ˴ˣ
ʶˣʦٻ÷ȥѰ˾ʦֵ;ٻ÷Ӻơ
⣬µԭ򣡡ؿٻ÷һۣ˵
ٻ÷ĬȴһۣΪֿ뿪սʦĻĴȴ̾͸ܵһΣܣΣ֮󣬾ʦ޷ΨмٻԼƷʵǶԼı
ĬУٻ÷ɫȴһɼᶨɬشϥվӡ
ɲǣɫʱһ˸Ǻȵٻ÷Ҫʲô
ʦٻ÷׹Ůһֱл飬ҳˣҵʦ𣬵ٻ÷Уʦ縸ٻ÷ƽȴ͸һֿĸм
ʦ𣬻عڵϣһͷ
ʦ𣬴֮ٻ÷𣡡
ٻ÷ʦ𶯣ٻ÷ɫΪӣٻ÷󣬶ӵԸ񣬺˽⡣
޵ٻ÷ǧʱʹﵽٻ÷֪Ϊң˴ɵҩģǵһЩĻԴǡʦ𣬴˶ٻ÷ţҲᱨ𡣡ٻ÷˵ڶͷʦĶһҲ޷
ٻ÷Ҳ֪Щϳٻ÷ͷɫٻ÷壬Է࣬ı֮˵ΪңķɵĴҩ޵ȴûһУٻ÷ʼնº縸ΪңϧԪҩΪ˹̻˶ٻ÷䱨
ٻ÷۽¾ӨˮһٿǶʱ˶ﳰЦƺشΨһ˹¶Ҳˮ£ˡ
ſٻ÷ʦ𣬿˵ͷ
ֶ£ʦٻ÷ҲԶǡֻٻ÷Ҫȥٻ÷̧ͷ˳£У縸һʦ
ֵȥôٻ÷ʦǰŮӣУʵҲͰѶԷԼŮһ
бˣǸŮк˿ȡҲ֪ʲô飬˵壬ֻǰʱ⣬ȴǲ֪ʲôԭӰʼմڣ·ǰˮµչȥķҲ֪ҲףԶҲٽһ˵ĴڣֻһУֵ벻ֵȥֻ֪֪һУȴȥһ֡ٻ÷ᣬУƺ
ٻ÷ʦĬ֮̾һڣ˽ɵĴȣȡˡ
һ仰ٻ÷ȻһΪŽӣȻ֪ȡ˽ɴȣΨСڣ
ǰ֮˱ڵӺƣֱ֣㣬Ҫȥôٻ÷ʦ
ٻ÷ϿɬŨᶨȴͬʦ𣬵ͷ
Ҫȥ
Ѱ֮ˣð˽ֹһģڴϣˮӣΪˮǰôֹôĪ˵㣬ʿһôٻ÷ʦ˫ۡ
ٻ÷ҧ´ѪҺڳкɬеļᶨȴǰ㲻٣ˡ


1270 û˼ң2
ֹˣҲһҪȥʦ뿪ӱҪȥ
ҾΪ֪ӣŻڲ˴º̻ĪҪ˵ﰲıչ£º󣬷ȥٻ÷ʦ͵˫ۣƺ˾ϡ
ٻ÷¶ŨŨĿɬ˫ƺһӾʧȥһеɣһɾʹдһƬգҪû
ʶ˺󼸲һѪڵ棬ɫ˲԰ס
ٻ÷ѪʦĿеļᶨ̱¶ӡ
ʦ𡭡Բõ뿪㲻ֹӵٻ÷ͷܵȴ͸һɾ
㣡ٻ÷ʦ˫һѸ̧ǰһָһӡ˲Ϣڣֱӡٻ÷ϣʹٻ÷ȻҽҪԪ̱ѹ
ٻ÷¶֮Ц̧ͷǻѪʦʦֹٻ÷һʱֹٻ÷£㲻ֹһûصҵ⣬ˣٻ÷ҲҪȥڵ磬ȴشǵ⡭Сʱ̹ң˻һʱҪһЩִţҪԼִŵҪȥȥ׷Ѱұʿִ޲ġ
ٻ÷ʦɫΪ¶ʹ֪࣬ԼӵԸ񣬵ȴû뵽ٻ÷ȻԵԿֹһʱֹ£ȷ޷ֹٻ÷һ
ˣٻ÷ʦĬã
Ѿȥٻ÷ɬʦ
̤󷨣Ͳ£ҲҵӣӴ֮ҲҪٻΪʦΪһ̤ûʦ㣬Լǰɣٻ÷ʦһӣٻ÷󷨺ȻγһɳܺɨȴǷ󷨣̾ͱ򿪣
̷ɫ䣬һ˸ǵͺȣǺ⣡
ٻ÷ʦ͵̧ͷһͺ±пХһɶȹ˵˥Ϣıɨ֮Ϸ׷Ѫӵˡ
ٻ÷Ϊʦȴѡ񣡡ٻ÷ʦĿŮϣƽٻ÷Уȴڵһ˿
ٻ÷ʦе޸Ũ˵ʹʹģǧٿףڣļҡʦĸס˿̣ȴҪһѡ
һƬٻ÷¶ңͷٴιڵϣĿͷٻ÷ʦ¶ʹϧ
߰ɣٻ÷ʦתͷգк˺ѡ
ٻ÷û˵ʦܾãܾã᲻ϵ£ת磬ãȻķȥ
ûмˡֵôٻ÷ãȻŨˡ
ٻ÷ߺʦ˫ۣеʹһϯ
ٻ÷һˮǰһŭܳܣҪڣһڷŭҪΪ¸ۣԶߵһϣ˿˻
ٻ÷ʦ͵ת˻ĳ˥ٵΪ¡¡֮£ʹǳϲѪӺƶߵķݣȻˣһ±ԪмӶݡ
һǰūţǵ֮ԣҲȫūۣηڣٻ÷һˮӣһΣϷһ˳еٻ÷ʦһ˦һʧ֮С
Ψصڣֻȴ𲻿б꣬˵ģūʿ
ƺ͸ߣмˣ
ٻ÷һУ뿪սǴ˷ھϣֶ֪˿̵ٻ÷ͬһû˼ҵŮӣãȻ򣬷ȥ
һ¶Ůӣ׾ǹ¶һͷɫ㷢ͯǲֵģֻļǿʹһ·£ʧȥ˼ҵͬ׹ԨʱĹ¶ˣԵɪƺһͻὫˣߵ˭ҲѰҲĵطĬĬĵȴ
ʱ˿̣ԪڣǰƮѶ̽Ϲâ˸ȴһһڣâûǧӰܽγɽ֮Уء
ϵļƿӡ£߲ʽڼΪصĶ̽չֳȫ
ʱĶȹأ⣬Щڰ׽ӰԽԽ࣡
һʮʮʮ򡭡ֱ
ڰ׽ӰγһصĽ֮籩춯صĽХ


1271 㵽
⽣Хأһ֮Ҫƿ񷣬⽣£֮ȻͳһƬŨŨɱ֮
ɱ䣬罣һ
ֵӰ޾ȻģͿӣܣȫޱ޼ʵĽơ
û뵽ǿдѽϾŵӡĵȻԻûӰϥ˫Ŀ¶֮â
ĿܵĽںϣؼĽ⣬˫۵ɲǣǾܵĽҲ֮һ٣ܲסͬһֻԶҪ˺Ƴһ㣡
ĵӡȴСѶ̽ȻˣҵΪǿж򿪼ӡҪɱ֪֮־ɱ֮˫ۺһȻһǰָѶ̽
һһ׵Ķ̷̽춯صĽ֮ХԶž˲Ϣ䣬Ѷ̽Ȼһֱָ֣ƺҪɣ
һü֮⾳֮˸ת֮±ؼĹ֣ص¡¡۶ɲǼ䣬ѽƾճɫĻ档
һսⰻȻı
ӡƣֵͺǰһӣʱһƬ֮Ѷ̽ڻص
Ƭ̼䣬Ѷ̽Ȼ˴ѷ죬Ȼһ±չǰģȻѶ̽£ȴֻذݣǵӣȻΧС
ذ׳ֵ˲䣬ܵĽȻһʮ򣬶򡭡ֱ
ХĪ޴½ڴ½ǿУҲظܵĪ޴½ԻصǿϢ
Ϊ˵ģڣȻȫ̺ס֮һս·Բٿأͻȥսأ
ӡûãұһ֮ذףԹ֮ѪһƿзӡоһΣ˫͵һüģɫʱ˺
ȫһаħ֮Ĺ֮ѪʱƳһڣ⣬ֱѪ˲ϢͰذ֮ϡ
ѪɲǣѪھȻйӰûӰһΪֱذڡ
һ˲䣬ذ֮֮ȴһαһΣ¡¡ľ£Ī޴½ϵĽ
߰򡢰˰򡢾Ű
󣬾Ȼ⣬˾ŰپʮǧŰپʮŵֻһͿɱء
ӡߵϧΪ޷ʱƿĻذ׵ӣƺڰ˵ӡ򿪣Ϳɻǧ򣬲һȴǲ༫󣡡Ŀ¶˼͸˼֮ɫ
޷޷򿪵ڰ˷ӡҲа취õڰ˷ӡЧǹ񣬹ǿұһ˫Ŀһȴ͵һȻֻһǧĽ̺ХȻȫֱۡ
һĻͬǾأ޾˲Ϣڣһ£˴֮ڵɱһпߣ𺳡
Ѱʿ޷˶ĽΪȴް£һƺΪɫ
һͺȣڵĽǧȻۣȴǴȫʳָ֮С
Ѷ̽Ҳ졭ŽǧʳָܵػʣƯǰذף˿Ȼڰ֮ͬʱֵָڡ
õС¹ڳ˻ʳָ⣬˷ƣջͼӡ¡
ֵʳָȴԱʿѰĴοƺʳָײͻ߽⣡
Ϊµģʳָڣ̺סսĹ򣬸Ϊǿͨһָɾ
һָ˥ٵĴͨߣҲҪˣĿһſڴһʳָϣС¹ͼأʹָѰκζˡ
䲻£һָǧ򣬶ɱ֮˳©Ц̧ͷգĿ
˵Ī޴½̫࣬һսͿ̿ȴұʿ֮𣡡ֳĬվӣһֱգת֮¾޷ٶңң뿪Ī޴½
ǿӰģȴûöãѰһĴ½ĿһֱĴ½ȥ
һ˫Ĵ½֮ϣʶǿɢ½
ȻӲԴ˵Ϊսѡһɽе߷ϣϥ
ӻںϣȴԤΣ죬㹻׼ˡ̧͵һĶͷһ£ȻͷɳϰٵɫϢϰٵɫϢһ֣̾ϰٸ
޳ֵ֮ͨĻϰٸ䶯Ȼת֮¾ͳΪϰٸ֣
ЩǷҲǷֹлָʩչĹͨ
˫һƣϰٷ˷ɢȥĴ½ǿڼۡ
˫Ŀһգ붨
ʱ佥ţתȥϰٷÿһӵһĹ֮ܣڸΪֶͼ˽⣬ɢԼٶ˴򣬴ӸطİϰٸĴ½
ϰٸĴ½ǿձַƶŲƣ٣ڵĴ½ܡ
һĻһʿ𾪣֮أϰٸĴ½γɵķΧȻռ˼ԶԶȥ̫ǳһȺһ㣡
ЩĴ½ĵڣһӴ󷨣󷨣Դ½ΪٲȻﵽ˼ǿĳ̶ȡ
ϰٷһһ壬ſ˫ۣ˫һӣȻܣγһƯת
һӡǣ¶Ц
˫ֳɷ磬ûƬ̵ͣ٣֮½ƲϵػûĴ½ʩչУӣһһĴ½վȻд½ʹϰٴ½ȻͳΪһ壡
ʩչ˶ĽƣҪķѴԪΪֻŽԴؼ޾ԪдԪ棬˷ԥóգϧġ
ǴӴռڻŮӣ´ʩչŮӲ˼̱ʩչ㹻ԪʹôŮͬд½
ˣҲֲֵֶΣ뿪߲ʽ󣬱Ȼʼо½˿ܻ̾û͸ΪԼڽƵоȴҲһЩ
˿ʩչ½ϵشڵʱ½ͬд½
½ʱ⣬ֻͨתһ£ɶʱʹ½ﵽһںϣ춯أҪɱ֮ˣҪɱ֣ʿҲ£һڶֶβ£㵽кⱬ


1272 
ʱͬһյ֮Լٶն£죡
˿̻֮أнٸĴ½Щ½˴˰ķʽУ̺һ֮й֡
Ůʩչƣٴ½ںϣγһɻصķ籩ȴûбǱֲϵѹѹѹչܵϰٸĴ½Ȼһ޴֮
ӽɽƬͨ취ִ˷˵󷨲ϲӣͨϣȴ֮൱ƵĴڣ˳ļ
һսҲض䣡
ٸĴ½ɢȻֵ֮ѹ֮£ȴǻǿΪ˾ͿɱԼĵܣҪƣһ̶Ⱥ󣬽չı
һ˶ɱڶʱڷ׼ÿһ׼ս֮ʱĿܾͻһ˿
˷ܳһҪɱԼûκδĿܣ֣κһʿ˿̶־ǺκεĵֿϾƺһеĵֿǵ֮£ǻҷٶ࣬Ҳá
ΪޣΪĽϣ֮⣬ȴǾǵܣҲУ
ҿȴսɱҪɱңҪۣ˫۳Ѫ˿׼ʹȫսﵽ۷壬˿ϥ˫͵һӡ
˫ֻӶһѪɫȻܣΧɨȥХ֮£ȴں̵ܶʱ䣬һĴ½հд½ȫڡ
ЩĴ½ϣӵӴޣڱְЩ½Ųƶʱδޣһϰٴ½ϵﵽһֲ֡
ʥҷ֮ɽҲķ֮и֪ңƤƣȡȫģξ춯֮
ֻǴ̫鼫࣬ұԸʹã£ȴǲòˣкһſڱһμΪӵﴫﻯһģ⣬Ѫɫ籩ڣ˲ϢĴ½
ϰٴ½ϣһͷͷѪɫ籩ĲҽУȴȫѪ⼱ٿήͷҲȫڻȫѪһоüһƤϣγһѪɫķġ
޷ޣһ̷Ĳҽ֮춯أʹʿȻľ֮УһЩΪߣǻþƵƲס
һֻֻ޵ıһƯٴ½֮ϣǵһ㣬ɢ˵ѹѹԻһڵʿ˲ϢԪӶݵ
ǧ֮һָΪҪɱҵĴ׼ĵһĴ½ںƣγɻ֮Ϊ׼ĵڶ
̺֮֮⣬ǵѻԪԪתգȻʧȥеԪɢ֮С
ɱУ˥ߣҲɣȴǧ޵ļޣΪһսνƴУ˿һץ̱дѷ֣Ȼɳһ׹⡣
׹һ֣һȴ񳵴˷ӡγɵޣ޸һֱ֣ǰӶʣ£ⱻԹŹ֮װޣһȴװαָ˵ˡ

һУһΣ˫Ŀˣ¶ǰδеأȻͨ飬Ȼ֪˿Σ
⻯޵ϻӡǻΪ޷򿪣£ȴǿˣ͵ǰһ
̾пкХϣ̾ʹôӾҵĲڴ֮ƾѡ
ڶ񳵣ȫӡ֮˫Ŀ͵һ¶⣬źХĿһͬϣһѪ֮¡
޷ʹȻ伱ٵͣϵķӡһɲǣѸٵıһ򿪣գȫ
⵱ɽڲδ߳ɽû񳵣һ̣չ֮У
ӵͣ˲Ϣ䣬޾ͻǧ֮ߣӸѸٸı䣬°䶯һ޴ս
ϰǾҵı仯γһԼɵľ޴ìⳤìսӣɢ޾⣬ǰ
һɾ춯صϢĴսϱϣʹֵĺΪ֮һͣ
ضȻܽٱĴ½ͬ𶯡
ˣ֮Ϊ񳵣оһһӣǾ޴εڴأֵ࣬ɳìɱֱָ֮ʣ
ٴһץ̴ѷڱʺɳȶ򣬻⣬ǺܣѪ档
񳵣ΪǿϷӡڣҲ޷ȫ򿪣һӡȴаգ˫ǰһָѪڳ֮Ǻϡ
ȻһƺȶֹͣܣȻһ޴ļ룡
˼뵱Ƶ֮һڳֵ˲䣬޾Ԫ۶֣ڵԪҪ伱ٵա
ԪԽԽմﵽǧɴС֮С
˫ĿպϣϵóԪ֮䣬Ǽ벻ڵϢȴԽԽϬ
ʱ仺Ĺȥһ֮
Ưеļ룬Ȼγܷƶ֣ҲĴǧ⣬¶ϲ֮ɫ
żı¶һɴСģȫ˸߲ʹâսսûгìߵỊ֮̇ϵرգߵϣչֳ߲֮â
ȻأֵǰУս֮ǰĳìսң
񳵣׼ĵĵϧʱ䲻ĻٸһЩʱ䣬һԶ׼һЩֳĬ̧ͷգʱ䣬ֻʣһ죡
ֻʣʮʱ
ʮʱɱ֮˽٣Σչ
һ׼ҪʮʱڣϿѪ⣬ǰһɨ̴ӴѷڣǶϿɳ
޸ãҲԵֿһɱ٣Ҳû޸ʱϸҪģϵѪ
ѪҲߣȴԸ̺һ޷֮֮Ѫƣͬʱֲʥ˵֮ѪҲһЩơֳĬ͵ſڣֱУԪڿʼ˼


1273 ٣
ǿУһ¶ӰŰµһͷɫ㷢Ʈչֳķ绪ٻ÷ãᶨǰС
ϻˮӨҧ´ٶԽԽ
Щ飬ûеɽҪִŵģֵ벻ֵҪȥġ̾еıɬٶȣˡ
Ž֮أһеϣһƬ಻󷨣ģһΪĹ
ڣľüϥǰϴʱ¶Į
Ϊνס
ľ㣬ʦΥСҲܲ⣬ʦΪ㾡ָΪʶų²ߡɺɺϥڹ⣬ü
ľüĬ벻ڴϣΪλˣһ͸죬һִʹ֮дʹ޷붨д·Ҵ·Ϥ֮ϡ
˿̵ľü֪˽ɴȱȡ֪ٻ÷Ȼھȥ
֪֣ڴһΣ֮УԤϣ
֪һУ֪ѡ񡭡
ʱ仺ĹȥʼϥĴ½ϣԪһŻ棬ϣϵرƳѪ
һʱʱʱֱʮʱ
ֵΪеԪڽϵѪҺƳɣɵİɫѪһСѪ裬ɢһɹϢԪƯ
ƳϵѪѾֵļˣǸٶʱ䣬ҲٶƳ࣬Σȫﵽ۷壬ҲƳ֮ࡣ
Ůӣϥ붨ϢԽӻÿϢŻһ¡
ƹһ㡣
ʱʣʱֿٵ٣һϢȥɲǣ˫ۣһƬƽǿա
ǿգһ˲䣬Ȼӿһ޷ݵѹڻش
ˣ˫ͫ͵һܿͻָ糣Ķա
ѹ춯أڴɲǣ̾ʹôزϡȻҪļ󣬸˲ϢУȻ
ӿһԽӾңƺеޣ˿ȫһ㡣
ͬʱһ޴ɵİУȻͳĿǿվͷкɨ¡¡ľ죬ţһֻ޴ֱۣȻʹֱӺХ
ֱ۲ϣϸƣһ֣֮ץֵ˲䣬غһֱֻ۵ĳ֣Ҫ
ԪȻһ̣ƱһӡȻܿûаƬ֮ڡ
Ǿ޴֮޷ݣڿڳֵɲǣȻٽͷͬץһֻϰ㣬ݺݵץ
ûκλûκѯʣûиκƽ٣
һĻ֮ǰ߲ʽҲƺÿһܣϲַʽһе֮
ƺؼ䣬ͬǵ֮䣬˿Գ˵Уϣ
ҲҧˣҲҲᷴοִδΪԼϣϣҲֻҪأ⣡
ֱץɲǣ˫¶֮ɫֱԾ𣬻һֱץơ
ܣҲֵȼеս⣬ü⾳֮Ƿתڳ˲䣬ٽһץɲǣһ춯صĴ
ǧʳָ͵һָڵĽȻ䱬һʮٵǧʮ򡢰򡭡򡢰˰򡭡Űپʮ
ֻһͳǧĽ˲ϢĴʳָڱ
һɲǣֵʳָһʹýһ̳Ϊǧ򣬴ﵽһԲ
Բֵ˲䣬¹޵Ӱͼûʳָ⣬һָץƣȻһ
ָƵײǧһɱһʿ˥Ҳɫͨ
Ҫɱ֮ˣһεĹ
һ˲Ϣо춯صĻصڣ𶯰˷ޱǴʿڸλѪɫ˲Ϣ԰ף¶ݵľ
صһУƺһ˲仺ֵʳָץģһɲǣָǧȻ
һĳ޴ڣǧХŷ񣬴ֵĲֵķ޵ĸһּ˵ķʽں
ֻ¹޵Ӱ˳Žڰ׶ģ֮һɲغϣȡһеʹתƺһ˲䣬ֹͣ
أֻʣֵָ⣬һĻ
Ǿ޴Ĳƣ½Ȼһ٣ڴ޾죬ȥԿֱƤڣǧ궯ʹƤ³ϸߣ֮Ϊҡ
𣬺Ʊһ㣬ֱ۵ƤȴûκѪɢԪûа㣡
ֱ۸һ̧֮һͻȻֱ֮޾ڴ
ҲһЩ£ө֮ԣϷǰҲգȥϵͬѹһǻһƬ˺Ȼѹ¡
֮ǿʿһ˿ϣһѪַǧײϣֺڴͷѹס岻Ĵձݺݵ¡
ûκη֮
йȴѪǴѪĺǧ
ֵ͸ɱһޣľأӣ
ֵ˲䣬޴ֱڵǧһȴͬһʱ䣬ȻǧͬʱһĻȻԴǺݣǺ¡¡ľƺҪ̼䣬Ǿ޴Ƥ˻֮
ͺǧʿɽֱڲչԻٹ֮죬ͬԶŵľ죡
ͨɱһʿ˥٣ҲǱ֣£Ǿ޴ֱȴ͵һڴһ֮Ȼ䣬ǧıȻɢֱȴǺ
ΨУһѪ㣬һѪ
ֵ̫ͨǳεҪõָͨ⿪̽ӡѰ
ˮӵĵһνӴһιһѪͷѹľʹ˺֮Уձѹ¡
ˮȴˣһСС˿ڣҲˣʵ


1274 ɫ
ܣҪɱһʿȻʿĽһСС˿ڣǴ˳ȥ֮𾪽ڽһ飡
Ǵ˵еĴߣ磬ʿΪǽ⣬Ҳ޵Ժɨأ춼һս
ʿеĻһ㣬һʿǰϣҷ
ʿΪһƽ̣˥ٸɳΪ̫ϳϣڵУЩˣҲϣɱ
ʵǲп磬ǿʳ
˿ִﵽ˵ˮɱȻΪҺпܸͲѡսǰַΪϱ˴滻ȡһд𰸡
ǵʿˡƺ죬Ժɨ³ӣҲҪͿ˴໥أײսˡ
ʵһУпĸ
СССϣԽϷԽҪɱ㣡ؼ䴫ϵصǾ޴ջصڣľҷڣ߳һ۵ͯӣ
ͯһͷ׷ȴǰ֮߳ʱĿɭȻ·ֵϡʿٻԱѰ֮սطشκһλöɻûķ
Ψе֮սѡˮӾȻȻɱ֮ļΪУ˵ˣˮеҪĽ
ĵģΪתޣĵȷ
ǰ׷ͯӴ߳ɲǣվڵϣ˫ɱȵþһ̣ȵľǶԷ¶
֮սȥܳһĻУûû⣬һұɣ
Ψ֮أȴһƴһɫͨͷնһк֮·ԼƵ˾أ
ʵ£ǰ׷ͯӵ֮ʱȻǴھأ
ǰ׷ͯӴ¶ӵ˲䣬˫Ȼһӣһͺ
ҪɱңҪֵۣٴգֱնȥɲǼ䣬Ĵ½ȻѪȴ޾Ѫɫ֣ޱ޼ʣ޷
ȴֵٻ£ЩѪɫȻɢֱ֮׷ͯӶʵĺХ
ÿһѪɫһͷȫѪҺ۶ɣƺеĵڣʹѪɫԶԶس˴
˿̺ХٽǿնȾѪɫХ¡¡ľ쾪죬ֱ׷ͯӶȥ
㻹֮ȷͨϷãˮɫ糣Щޱ޾Ѫɫٵɲǣǰһӡ
ڱˮƽڴɲǣȴǸһֺŭһĴԽԽҵ춯صܷĴ
һѪɫεײȻ޷ӽˮӵӣǱĵһޱ޼ʣзı
֮򶼷ҵĲһ޴ѷǴı˺һΪ
Ѫ˫һѪѪɫ죬˲䣬̾ͰЩķڵѪնɲǼ䣬ǰѪʺ쵽˼ޣѪԼٶƿǰһֱͨˮӶȥ
ѪȴٽɲǣˮĿһɨȻһɲǣ׷ͯһץѪ򣬱һβٱѸͯС
׷ֵͯһѪҺֱУ˫ĿȻ˸
ת
Ѫɫıûгֵϣǧ䲻⣬öԷһСС˿ڣ׷ͯʩչ˵ͨһзǰҪѪɫҲǷһ֣Ȼ޷ߵá
ҪģҲ
ѪıзĻؼȾ˺ɫһɲǣ˫һӣȴǴһ
ƣڷ̫֮ʱسϢԳһ
ְںһ𣬼޵׷˽Դ˿ʩչĴ½ͬʱ𶯣ȴڽ֮¼С˫ֻУȻֱˮȥ
أ½ƹһ⣡⣡⣡أ֮Ԫ֮˫ǰ͵һָ
֮صȴǳֽ´½⣬ϰĴγһԲε󷨣ˮǰҸλãһصѹֱˮ
Ĵ½ϵĽƣһ˲侭֮Ҳıأγһ޴Σ
Ϣ⣬Ȼǰ׷ͯӵ֮ϣһǰһγһ
½ֵͨ£תǧ꣬˿̺ȻвɣϢ֮Уεȴְ׷ͯӵԪ
ֵĻƣȻ
ϧûеĵĻҲ߱һЩˮĿһٴǰһӡ
һ֮£ر֮ǰʩչĴڱδɢ˿һУֱӴﵽ۷壬γһı֮Ļ
޾ı¡صʹܽĴ½̾ͳѣգۼ䣬һһ
ϰٴ½ͬʱ֮ǿҲΨеʿſ
Ĵ½𣬵ϵƣȴȻ˴˿еһѪɫɢʱµѪ⣬֮»ư˷ǰ׷ͯӳ׵ķڣ
ƣأԪ񣬵ȴ޷꣬Ϊȱ˵ĵƣ޷Ĺһ
ȴԴǻۣŰ׷ͯӻȥ޾޻ѪɫѪȾ꣬Ӷʹýƣ˻εԲ
ͨѪɫԲҲã׷ͯǰһȥȴǸͲʩչκͨǿжߡ
޵һ֮ǹһͨ貽ǰУغƻ˳֮ʱȻΪ䵮һ·
ƵںϣһеͨǰҲ̲½һ޷Ԫ񣬽űȻ߽⣬޷ɢ޷ٷӡء
ƾȫ䲻ڷڹȴôһɲǣʹð׷ͯӵӣһͣ
һһУȵģһ͵ĳ֣
񳵣˫ͫͷɢң˫ĿѪ죬һ
񳵣ɳìȻһֱˮӶȥ֮ǿڳ֮ʱȻһѷ죬ֿ
ⳤì֮󣬰ѰɴС߲ս߸γһʺ磬һȻֱˮӣ
һ̣һйǰȫҪ޷ֹأ޷ֹûһֹս
⣬񳵣ս֮
ˮӵɫһΣˣ


1275 ľ
񳵵걻ɽз֮ƶ౦˸ո죬δȫѰҲʱɽ٣
ǽУ౦˴źһѧһޣ˵ȫϣΪϧ߱ѰҲϣǺķʹ޾Ԫٿήĩ֮ʱȻ׷ԲԣҪϾûɽ٣񳵳ɺҲ
౦˵룬ؼ䣬ķɱ飬Իһй򣬿ƿأ
źڣϣڽգһ̣УһչֳɱĿֲ
ˮӼ꣬Ƿ֮ʹӣڴϣҲ֪Ĵɽһ飬֪һˣŶ౦һвʿͨ취
ǿ֮޷ֳƷף⡭ʲô׷ͯɫ˱仯ɱ֣ʮþ֮£ΨһҪǵı棬δڶԷоȻȿֲķ
ʱ룬ɳìХƿ˲񷣬ֱˮӶ
ûкХ֮еֻһ޷ݵɱƺⳤìʶɳɱˣ
ˮ̤󣬱ȫʩչͨԵУ£ȴ˫Ŀ¶أɳìٵɲǣ˫ǰ裬˦ָǳצΣǰݺݵһץ
иˮӵĻصأֺƻ˿иһʵǿ򣬻֮֮춯أȴǾǰգȫиֱķ
ƬиޣȻ󣬻ݵ״ܲϵӣ֮˲Ϣﵽ۷壬ͬһ㣬صأԼٶȣȻɳìһ໥ײ˲Ϣ죬ҵǴʹʿѪ¶־ľ
ɳìݵиƣ¡첻ϵͬһԽԽߣԽԽ̶Ħ֮Ħ֮Ϊ񣬴ֶУ̾Ѫڱиһ㣬ʹϮѪٺˡ
ˮɫΪأоһ̧һָգĿһݺݵһն
иУһй򣡡
һ죬ȴˮǰͻȻͳһ޴ѷ죬ѷ첻򣬾ͬݣ֮䣬˺ɲǣֱǰȥ
֮ǿգأһȫǰһΪг룡Ǽ֮£ɲǾٽɳì֮ϣϺݺݵɨ
䣡
ҵУڵһĴ½Ȼĩɢɫ԰ףѪദλȻΪһѪˡ
ٿɳìصĵɨвȻһΪˮͨǿն
ɳìˮȴûκηɣǴȫ˫Ŀ¶Ϊ֮ɫֻǳìУȴһ߲֮ڴ͸߲֮âֱˮӣ
⣬ǵ񳵣Ƕ౦һƳǿ
ɳìȣ貵߲֮âˮ⣬оЩ֮ǲʺ̫֮죬ٽ֮£ˮӵһκһӣȴأն˳ìľ޴ѷɨҪƿ߲֮â
ȴѷ߲֮âһɲǣȴϢ䣬ѷ쾹Ȼգ۵ʱ䣬̻Ϊޣƴδûгֹ
ͻȻı仯ˮɫ䣬ٴ˺˫֮£Ȼ˫ĿĹһȴſǰһƬ
ڣڳֵɲǱһɾ춯صȴ¶˾Ÿ޴ͷֱ߲֮âɶȥ
ÿһͷ൱һﵽ˵˥ʿȫ֮˵ǴڱиŹͨԺɨκһ򣬺еֿߣ
˿Ÿͷŭ˲ϢٽҪ߲֮âȴɶɲǣ̾һȴǲʺ߲֮âȻأʹǾŸͷĲҽУˣȻֹͷ߲֮ܲâһײ߽⣬˰֮ɢ
ˮɫٴκˣ˫Ѹȴһʩչͨ
˿ɫ԰ףɱȴǱһӣꪺȻУһΣıת۾ͻɵľ޴ǰһȥꪴźХֱˮӶȥ
ǰУһָգ̺֮֮£γһѰѺɫǹƿسˮӡ
֮쾧˸£γһѰѱȥ
ͬʱɱ֮չȴǷӡֿзɳսȻ֮£֮ĴУֱˮӡ
ɽ֮һ·ǰ壬ºһ·ȥһõĻɽû˻֮
һУˮӸͲ⣬ģǰٽ߲֮磬˫£˫Ŀ͵һգ
˲Ϣ۵һ̣ĿȻʵһٽǰ߲֮âϡ
¡һȴصĳȻ߲֮âڱˮĿµɲǣ̾һʱʣµâȴûͣ٣ٽ
ˮٴαĿȻȴڶ̶̵ʱڣһĿΣ
䣡
ûƵ֮ͨ£߲֮âȻȴֻʣڣˮӣȻʮɣʮɵľ룬˵Ȼ˲ݡ
Σͷˮ˫Ŀ¶֮âſ֣
ֳڵɲǣס죬ס˵أ˹򣬶תһͨ
һ̣ʩչһͨȫͣգӣҲͣ¶𾪣ȫԪۣȻ޷ת㣡
ֻʣºɫĳ磬к֮ҰڼбͻȻסеھҵ£ͣˮǰ⣡
ǿķϧȻһӡûн⿪ĻϷڣҲҪˣƵϷʩչ˶Ӻƣ㣬Ϊ콾ˣ
顢ս٣ľΨе˿ڵĴܣаⷨȫӡº𣡡ˮĿһ񳵣ȴǺĽһ£˲һδɱӺƣҪˣܲΪܣȴһϵķˣǳ裡
ȷȨʹãϷУˮӴһ˦ü֮̾һг֣кһŴڣڳֵɲǣ̳ǰĺ硣
˫Ϊ֮ľ޴죬ͬһԽȥŹ֣һУȴвĵĻȼա
ҲģһɱУҲҪô˸ĥĴۣ


1276 
˿̣ڷɽڣǺͲϴȥķ磬磬ʹ磬͸ζŨĻ㡣
һȺȺڷкХǣǷΨһˡ
ɽƯ½һ飬һƬɫĴ½ѪȵζƯǻ
ⰵɫĴ½ϣһʯʵ񣬴˿̣ʯ˫Ŀ֮ٴ䶯˲ɣ˫ۡ
һϢشʯɢȴûκ޵ע⣬ʯУǲڵġ
Ϸòײµһӣܾˮɱʯ˫ĿĹһһ
֣֮ҲԿӣǲǷ֮ϼһתֻӣڴУ
ɽķ磬Ũˣ֮£һƴ˷֮ţǿɢ
ˮüǰ磬ĿƬ̺գ˫ۣĿھȻ˺ɫͫת𶯡
ĶֵĶȻͬ˿̶סأֻ֮ʣһ˴ڣһͨȫͣ˰գȴûоʹɢƺû׷ͯӵꡣ
֮ĺǹƮڰգһǼ֮Ҳֹͣǰһͣ١
껯ľͬͣУԶԶȥһƬƳɾı裬Ϊˡ
ɱ޾ս꣬ӡӵǿսڣ˿̾ǱŷŵĶһ
֮ǰ߼䣬³ֵڶûɽһЩȻɢ̹ҽʱǺֹ̾ҽͣ٣һж̤գһƬ֮ϵ֡
ֵУꪣ
׽׷Ӻѧɱ֮Щۣѧǵ꼫Ϊ޵֮ҲЩ鷳£г磬ȫˣ֮ˮҡͷûȥᱻ˰յ֣һ֮£ԡ
Ŀһɨһ̧ºݺݵһģȻ䣬񳵣ʹ˱ޣڱֹУΪ㡣
˱覴̫࣬Ҫ֮ãԻȥˮӼΪһΪŹֵӣϲûһڱΪ֮ǰǶá
ΪŽ׶εĿڴܣˮӣȷʸһУ
񳵱¶ʹһޱ޼εĻ棬ȼգȴڣⱯʹ֮£˫ڣдĿĵѪᣡ
񳵣޵£ȴǻˡ
еźͬ籩𣬶ˮӵĿ⣬ȴˮ
ִ˽ܲڴ˷ģɱˣɱˣĥΥģһ֮£
ˮĿɨϲģЩΪڱԼ˱¶ıŭ֮ݣɫܵԼǿ󣬸ܵǰʧȥϡ
֣ȻˮΪӵߣпǵӵĴˣֵɫˮӸΪá
Уˮ߲ԣ¶֮⣬һӣҪ߲ߣ߲ȴ߲ʹâһȴǳһֻ߲ʺһȣǺȻ߲ͣʾ⣬ɢ
ɢ߲񳵣ҲΪ˷
ԻҲԸϷôˮк˸̧һģû˱񳵣һķѡ
Ϸ򿴿ϵû棡ˮУת֣ȴغȻһ𣬷ˮһǿɢֻʣֶ˴ڣĿǴǿҵĴ͸ֱϡ
һɲǣȻһȴȫƱ˺ԪǶб͸ĸоڵһأչ¶Ŀ֮¡
ҵʹʹðȫˮ꣬ȴ޷ȫڡ
ˮӵĿɨֵԪ񣬸ǱϸĴͷβȫ鿴һȴüͷ
ûУ˵ԪںϣԪھȻû桭תҲû桭ĪҴ˲ɣˮӽüͷһΣٽߣ̧ǰһն
һ죬ȴ⣬̾ͳһѷ죬ֵĴռ䣡ˮͨˣȻΪɵشֵĴռ䣬ʶɢںɨȥ
ռҲû棬ұѴ֮꣡ˮ˫ۺһʶִ̽ռ䣬һһ
ͽ֮ﵹҲв٣ֻȫ
ֵ֮ĴڻصǱˮĿ֮һбȫɻұ
ɨУͻȻˮĿһִռڵ
һȤĽ꣡ҲǷĿ£ȫҪʩչһİ֮ûʩչ߻ͺȻ
ҪɲǣˮͻȻһһתŹ֮ϣһƬޱ޼ʵȺȺ⿪ٳĴռڣ˴֮ȴһ˿ʹˮ͸һ۾Ϳ
⡭ôľޣˮΪȣʶٴһɨһֿһɢӫĹײġ
ǹײڣһ˯Ůӣ
˴ռڵҲȫȻɵ۵ף׵һıãˮӷֳʶǱϣҪͬŮһߡ
һɲǣȻҵĲ¶δйķۣ棬ǹ֮壬ǻеһܣײģײڵŮӣ
ףˮʶһ٣ֵ쳣Ŀг֮ɫһ
һ֮ˣŮض㼫ΪҪҲգұºȡŮʬ¾͵棬Ůȡűڴڵȷķȡ˲Ϣͻɢҿ⴫ǷΪ棡
ˮʶһ̾ͻ˱ϣҪײĴ򿪣ʶⴢڷֳ⼸ɨѰ档
Ҫ򿪱׵ǰһϢһʶȴǺȻһ𣬿ϥڴռڵŮӡ
ʶµ˲䣬Ů˫ۣˮʶһ
㡭㡭ǡˮӵĶΪܵݣȻһ̣ɫ䣬һ˿¶ɵһң
ҵɲǣԭס޷ƶ֣ȴ˫Ŀɱ˸ںȻһ޷ݵĴȴˮ򿪱׵˲䣬ԥԪڣ֪Ϊûбˮӷ֮Ѫ
ɺٵصĴڴıУ䱻ӣȻ˻֮
߲ʶһռûбˮʶɨ֮Ȼһ߲֮âȻռֱӳˮʶ
֮صˮɫ䣬߲ʶ̫죬Ȼʹ͸ʶ崢ռɳֱˮüһȥ
ˮӴ˿̫̾ڿ߲ʶӵɲǣͫ͵һ
߲ն㾹д


1277 
˷սִˮӵ𾪼࣬¸ǿڿƾŴͨһŲ֪ʲôطԽ˶پ룬г̫ǳһʯ
ʯͨȫɣһ꣬һ˸߲ʶΪ߲ն
УʯΪأʱҪʯĹȥ佫Ҫɹ˲䣬ȴһ֮ϣЩˡ
ˣΪΪܣȴҲڱϵɲǣһ˿ģʯȥ
س̫ǳһΪнڽ⣡ǿڣȴǲֻ̫ǳڣسƺҲֳֻ̫ǳصʯǿڣһ̫ǳ£㹵ֵһƬǳ
ʱѺ˵һ仰ûаѴأ¡Ҳˣʹ߲նպգǴܣţ
ˮӸ֮ǰۼʩչ߲նһսһսУˮӲչز͸֮ʱԶһͬһΪ񶾵ķ͵Ϯʹˣ
̫ǳ֣ǼԶŴ֮ܶչɱʩչģһ˸߲ն
ڴ˿̣ٴο߲նȴǴһӼٺˣȴ֪ⶤӵѰ̤Ŀܣһⶤ壬ɼΪص˺
ⶤӣΪɱʿרɱܣ
߲ʶӵĹŹ֣޷ȫ͸ֻ֪ǿǿΪԽߣ˺Խ
һĹ죬޷֪Դʿڴ˶´˾˷ѣ֣֮ǿҲƳ˶ӡ
ܣȴǺѱƳ
Ϊ˵ڻĸı䣬ָı䣬ͬʱҲһֹı仯
ֱ仯ȴǱ߲ʶĿƣԽΪԽǵܣԽ߲ʶ½ѣ
¹أ޷ͣ
ˮǱִռӴȺ𣬶ŮӣڿԷɲǣϳ˶ԷݣȴǴһ³˵ܺеĴң
һ֮£û뵽ϾȻѳԼĶʩչ߲ʶӣ
һеһУˮɫ˾ҵı仯
߲ʶڴռɨˮʶȴǱ˴Ŀ߲֮âȻˮӵʶ飬ɲǳѷ죬ֱˮüġ
̫ˮӷĺˣ߲ʶ֮٣ȴͬ죬֮޲У˿˸УХȴƿǿգƿ˲񷣬һ֮³ˮüģ
һ߲ʶӾȻˮü֮ڣһ磡ת׶ϵ룬ҪƿͷǣˮУ
ˮɫ԰ףٴκˣ˫֮£ĵֿ߲ʶȴһС֣
ͼȡڵŮӣȴǴִۣۣ֮ŭĽ񣬾ֵۣ
˵֮ǰ֮£ȻôڣˮȡĽʹ˿ڱ߲ʶĸо
Ȼѡ񣬶ǱΪҪΨһ
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˫Ŀͨ죬Ǻâɢ˫ۣȻ֮֮ǷĻص˷ֲǹͷײ
һĻˮӣڿһɲǣҲ˺ľ⣡ɢâˮУȴͫ˫ȥٶ˲Ϣϵĺˡ
ηģֵͨڵѪɷ⣡
˿ȫΪ˵ֿü߲ʶ֮ϣϾȥ֣˫Ŀһ֮٣Աޣ
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ˮü߲֮âĿۣڼתҪƿͷǣȴˮΪܵȫΪֿˮӺ˫һ
߲նҲã֪֮Ĳ࣡ˮ͸Į̧𣬷ֳһ֮ۡ
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һ֮£غȴһ˴Ƭ˷٣ǧΧǿգһɫûһĻǴߵľ¿ȥĿǧΧǿУһɫһγһ޴Σ
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˲Ϣǧɣֿٵγһɾ춯صļѹһ޵һɲǣĽϣǰ仯ꪣ
𡢱ˮӺˣд
仰µɲǣֱֶȥһǿյĹâ֮ϣ
ǧΧǿ֮һϣ⼸ʮͬʱһɴ
֮һ˲صǿգһ̣סס߽ף˽ڣǾĺ
ֵ壬֮£Ȼ
Ѫɢͷ­Ҳ˿˵ꪣ̾ڴһҺߣȴ֮꣬
Եܲսϣһ̱ˮӱӹ񣬴δκһڶʿսʤ⼸عͬ
ʱͻȻǱб壬ɢܵѪ⣬ȴ˲Ϣĺ˸һתѪȻ˲Ϣ䣬һ㣬ٴ۳ֵ壡

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1278 һȭ
ĺâȫâԱԪѪҺѪҺ£֣ȻƬ̼塣
ͻһĻûʱȥ˼ĸܵԪѪ֮Ŵ˷ڼٵɢ
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һУȻˣ˿ۣȫĶˮӣһ
УȻ仯ȴٴγɵĹüǵת⾳֮תһۿȥǹ
ϢǴɢһֺ̣ɹˣ
ҪɱһУɱһǰ飬ϧдۣ

̫֮ͬ飬ȭֱˮӶȥһȭɲǣһθӵĹ֮д
һͨ࣬ÿһ֮ͨǿ󣬶ʿ⣬ĻصڹȻͱһ飬ûߣ
飡
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䣬Ȼٴ٣ڶȭڶȭУȫٴɢһ֣ͷǰɫ˿ȴһƬҰܣüĵǵ֮⡣
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ʮȭķѵ̫һȭȭ£֮춯أ򣬾ʹ˱
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֮ϵһȭȭ裬ϵˮӶԿڶȭˮɫ糣˵ȭˮӵȴջأӺ˼ſǰ
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ǹͨҲѳܣַսϷȴǿЦˮЦü߲֮âȻȫֿסƾ߲ʶתҲ޷ͷǣֻĵʹȴǲϵشüĴ
߲ն̫죬ҴӲ֪ʩչҲҪֹ߲ն仯ˮһͺȣȴȫΪȻҪüĵ߲ʶƿһƳ
ִ˿Ȼɢ˴룬˾ͬһߵ˾·ߣɢüĵǵΪƣƺ壬Ҳ޵Ĳȥ
˫ĿĻȴǸŨĵͺ£ٴγͬһֻɶ֪꣬ҲҪ棬м֪ɶ˻ʱ򲢷棬һҪǻľģ
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ÿһȭִ˿Ϊ۷֮ǹǿһ
֮춯أѪ˼ȻıԵȭͷȴûаͣ٣ˮӣ˿Ҳɵö
УˮȫֿûɢȥҪ֡
ϧȫһάְȭϣҲпҶԿ߲֮ʱңֻʮȭѾļޣѾȫϷɱ㣬Ƭ̺ҲԼ
ˮĮִ˿Ѿˣ˫Ѫһϸ΢ļš
ƣȫһɹĸоͷƺҪԶԶ߿п磬һʹࡣ
˫ĿâҲһƬ޹⡣
ٽǰɵɲǣ͵̧ͷ˫Ȼ⣡
ұʿϧһսˣսս⣬һ֪ȴҪľģֲЦǰһ̧𣬷ٴλӳһȭ
ڶʮȭ
һȭºɫѪȴûͣǿЦЦ춯أһɲһİ
ʮ޵ڶʮһȭû˿ͣ٣
ɱڶʮȭɶ˲䣬Ȼһ١
ħɽ𵤣ڶʮȭڴһ
ԪӤټ壬ȸˣһ·ǰУЦкȭͷȴǷĺڶʮġʮ塢ʮȭȻȻıɣ
ʵһΣأɱڶʮߡʮˡʮšʮȭڼΪң͸һɾ֣ĺˡ
Ϊֹɱ֮֮ǧ޵ﵽ̶ȣʮһʮȭ
ս죬սأոһսֺϧʮʮһʮʮȭ
Ψһ޷ֿ֮ˣкηʮġʮ塢ʮʮȭǵһ±޳ɢ
һкηʮ塢ʮʮߡʮȭ
ȫѪȻΪѪˣѸС޵Ĳȥȫʹ˥ܣ
ʵڵڶʮȭȻɢ֮ȭȫԪںϵѪ֮
أأսкη˻ƣƺڶѪȵζ˶һ𺳣
ʮʮߡʮˡڰʮȭ
Ͼ֮֮ͨȭδ֮⣬תǧ꣬ǧ쳤Цʮȭǰϵȥͬһηصսɣűľģһ߳
ǰһУûпŲߣ
ˮӵ¶أһθоǰ֮˵ľ޲
ֻµɲǣǿ޻һƬ󺣣ǸߴʯźȻŲת֮£ȫϣ
ڰʮ塢ʮʮߡһȭ
̶̵ʱڣȫѪ֮Ԫ֮תǧ꣬㹻˾춯һȭ
ִǿһȭġһ


1279 ˣ
һȭ
ƺûκԵֿһȥһȭ
һȭ̺޾ֵ̺ǧ޵̺ȫԪ̺ǹصѪܣ
һ۷壬ű֮Ĵǿ֮һȭͬڣ˻ķɶ꣬ž춯صƣֱˮӶȥ
ɶ˻ҪѻҪԼ壬ȥŻ棡
ˮɫأив֮ɫҲ޷ԼһУôҲû뵽ǰϣȻһȭ
ѰһȭǶԷһоƾޣˮӾ޴ΣУ
ȫΪڶԿ߲ʶ˿ҲΣϾ֮ǿ󣬵£һȭȴˮӴһ
֮һ˲䣬һޱ޼ʵķ籩ɨأֱˮӶȥ
ˮĿһ˫֮Ȼһָǰȴؿڴ̾һ޴ˮг֣иһչ¶˸һŴڣǰɣ
޼ˮ֮ˮӵͺУǰǾ޴֮͵ֱ֣չ˷ɡ
֮Ȼ޾죬ʹҪǿգްƱƿһ󶴣Ϊޣ
ǺУȫѪȻʧ΢£һѣ˵˫ۼ
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ϼһҪң㱻ԶɷӡȫʯͷҪʮ꣬һ̫ǳ֮Բд棬Ϸȥ鷳Ȼ㻹ҪңƾʲôңˮвԥֺȻ£ֱ֡
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޾ϴһ֮ˮڣ˫Ŀ⣬ȵʮͽҺ䣡
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ǵӰγһɻֱ֮۳ȥֱһӡǣӡͬɷɣǱ֮һ
صֱвδɢȴ鼫Ϊأֱ֮ˮٽüȻ£
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ɲǣڱһɼǿ֮ˮͽĶڵǿ֮Ȼһȴ̾ͰǲƵֱ۱
֮춯أǲϵƺߣȴ˰ˣɷɵֱۣɢʹ߽⣡
ϼһң˵ҪˣҸҪɱˮͽ֮£˭ңˮɫΪü߲ʶӾתȴֻܴ磬޷ڳȥֻڴͷڵĲ֣ȴǿʼڻ߲֮âɢʹˮһ˿
ˮ͵תֱֶȥָſɱ˲ٽ
һɲǣȴǾͻһɷɵָˮӳֵ˲Ϣü֮ǰݺݵˮüĵ߲ʶӰ£
ˮɫ䣬ȴȻ٣̾Ӱڻûص֮赲ǰ̺ˣ
㾹Ȼû


1280 Դ
һֵָ̫ͻȻûа㼣󣬸ˮΪѾ˶Է߲ʶӷ֮ɲǻû
ֵָʱνûκʱ򣬱֮ʱΪǡȡˮӸ޷˲䣡
ˮɫ䣬Ӻ֮٣һ˲ﵽ˼ޣȴȻ޷㣬ָ֮ʣˮǰöӰͼֹȴȻ
֮죬ǲϵصһӰָ񣬷׷ָһգһƿڣֱӳˮüĵ߲ʶϡ
һ޷ݵĺƵ֮Ȼˮ˲ҽУü߲ʶӸ£ݺݵش룬ӲƿһУ硢Ĵ硢磡
ⶤֻߴ糤ѾĴˮü磬罫ȫ룬ʱˮӱضˣ
Ϊⶤ̣üģһʿڣֵļǣ
Σ֮ʣˮɫ԰ף¶֣̫߲նۿʮĸӶסı飬ֱˮӶǣĥ
˾ңˮӺУۿָ֮Ҫʹ߲ʶӼ룬ʱĺȣȴǴ̾һɰ֮Ȼ֮ˮֱ֮ϣȴǻһگ
گһ֣һƬ˸ڵǿգɢǰˮü߲ʶϵָһɨ̷֮ʹɢ
֮𣬵˵ūΪ㸶ܶ࣬ҪگΣ䱳ʱλɱȴŹگΣʹԼȥηگٴЧҪⱳĵū
һΪϷ֮Ϸмظǲϵ̾ɢˡ
ˮȫˮʪ˿üĵľʹһ£Цһ
ˣлˣҪңȴЩԵ֮Ǹ⣬㣬ˮȻ߲ʶڵķ֣֮ȴƾǿΪѹ£ֻǷ֮ȴиıԸ񣬷ĻΪͣȻ˵
ֻҪȫüģɱϺұչؾͿɱƳ߲նˮ˫Ŀͨ죬ȴǲԥֱֶȥ
˫ĿһֱţԼ֮ǰһĻĻȫУ˿ۼˮ٣ȴûκλң͸Ե侲ƺ֮ǰķҲȫ
٣һȫǶĴڣ֮󣬱ҿԴ֮ȭҲԱȫһΣͬھ
ҿԱҴ˿йǵ㣬ٻһ۷һ
ҿԻҵ⾳֮ǣԪչشֺһЩʲô˫¶֮âȫȻһ˲Ȼڱγһ޴Уо춯أƿƿֻأȻڣһıԴ֮
ǱԴΪʿؼҪıԴ
ڱԴֲİһЩЩõģǴսڳȡǱԴȴԼ򣬶
£ΣУȴǶ󳹴ȫɲǣȻˡԼıԴ
ⱾԴ̫ϡ٣ȴ˵ˣ֮һŷ죡
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ӾȻгΪܵǱʣȻԼıԴʿܳΪ߼ΪӡӾȻߵһʱ䣬ǧڣһֱɳȥͿԳΪܣˮɫɱ֮ĸᣡ
Ҫˮֱ̧֣ȴϿȻӴǳ֣ȻҪ֮ǰƺϱ˷ˣǱʳΪ֣ܵ
ⱬзľһ˿ıԴڻ׳׳˵ΪȴʵĴڣƺҪѿУ֮䣡
һɲǣü֮ǣǸոջָδεĵǣȫһ˲䣬Ȼ
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ǵȫУΧȻٴγһУлأڱ޷ݵĹϢгֵɲǣھȻٴԴ
ǱԴ󳹴󣬵ıԴ
ǣһٶ֮ûƣƶⱾһ׮֮УֹǣȴǸһڶԴ
ıԴ
⡭⡭ˮӵɫ䣬ıԴѾ𾪣һУȴ֮ˣ
ȻеڶԴһԴɾͿɳΪܣԴΪΨ֮ľ֮˷ΪԴ̤֮ܳɵΪܣһ룬Ҿ;֣ΨˮӴֻԴأ
˾ǼΪǿ֮ˣԶˮӿԱ⣬£Ȼ˵Դʿһ˲䣬ϧ֮˰Ϊӵͷ
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ӺǣʼΪ̫ǳڽҲֻܵһˣˮȴǱ֮һзҪʹ죡ʹ죡ɱľ֮ˣˮ˫۷񣬻ϿǾ޴ǣԽԽȥ
ʱͻȻü⾳֮ǣȻ
֮ǵı˵Уɨأ⣬ǵڣȻȻҲбԴ
֮⾳ȫ֮ڣ³ֵĹڱɲǣٵ⾳˲Ϣ
һٵıԴڳ֣⣬ֵĵԴ
һԴڶԴ٣Դ
ԴһɲǣںȻֻǶСҪʱۻﵽһ󣬴ﵽ˴ɣͿʹɱԴΪ춯صĵܣ
һĻʹˮӵĹȻһ٣鼸Ҫ
ܣܣԴԴؼδ˿Դ죬ΪǸո̤룬ǰܵʸûУ
ԴؽˣҲֻ룬Դ޷ôԴҲҪ𣬼̫ǳɵսٴҪΪ˿ɵ֣ٵأΪ
˭Ǵӷ𣬶ǴתĸܾȻͨתӵԴ
ĪǡĪǴ˵еĵĲ̤֮תˮΪܣһ̣ȴǱǰһУסˣ
ĴڣҪɱڣ֮ˮɫ԰ףҧ֮±Ϊʿȫ֮ڣֺȻ£
ǵĲ̤תҲϷɱ֪㣡


1281 ֮
ˮȻϽӶֵıԴ֮˵ӣ˫ۼϵԴȥǶԷ˷ûǧԴɣֻص
ֻҪһ̤ЩڵĴܶԿҸͲĶ֣켵֣ܳҪɱҪɱɱպϵ£ˮӰ벽
˿̵ˮӲ֪ԴͲֵļޣ
˵һԴ˹ǣܵ˵ڶԴü⾳֮ɢ˵ٱԴ
δɢڣȸ֮
ȸ֮Ѿɱ䣬ÿһεɱ䣬ʹԻ֮ͻͽıǵεɱ䣬ʹȻΪ֮ƿߣﵽһ˼ľ磡
һлͨǰҪ
л֮ʿǿʿڵĻͨɱڻּ䣬ٽһûл֮ͨˣҲᱻȼŭŭ
һл棬֮ǿŭŭ˶УΣȴڣһȼգݲסɣ
ŭ֮ϣзٻ֮֮ǿ춯أν٣ȼյ˼ٻȼջ棬涼ᱻٴȼգȻ˼飡
Ƿٻ֮ϣеܹﵽȼľ磬ͿԷյ⾳ȻǷͨ޵Ľӽ
ڻָ˿ԵԴ棬ȻҲбԴ
ֻⱾԴޣˮӵΪ޷ְˣ
дﵽ˿龳ĵܣɴֵڣǿһеʿ𺳵ĵĵԴ
ĵԴĵأ˷֮𣬸ǳ̫ǳڽһʿ򣬿˵춯أǱ֪᲻ϧһдΪӣϧһУ
ˮ֪ǻᵨľ˵־ͺһӣһΪ̫ԶˣΪ˵еĲ֮ˣ㻹ڳɳ׶ΣҲԺţ
ĵֵͬļޣ
޵Ļ汾Դ£һԴ屾Դ

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˰̫תԪǧ̫֮꣬ף֮仯Ϊ˴ʹȨߣٽһͿȥ֣ƾʩչ
سľɳΪ֮ˣʹ֮ԴɣӶе֮
е棬֣е
ԴڣˮӸûвԴĵӣ֪ʵԴ֪ʲôһ𾪡
һУȴǼΪΣֻҪˮӵĹ٣ȫİֵһδͳͳɱʹ־ʹ
һԴҲɢ֮У̫ǳڽӹδйһ˵ֱԴʹʧȥ
µ֣ڵǰ̫СֻҪʱ䣬־ͿѸٵɱ䣬ΪõܣҲҪǿڣ
һУԭȷˮӵΣڲƲĳ£ʹֵԴȴʹһתʹֳΪ˹ӵ౾Դ
ˮɫ¶͸˷ܣֱ齻һ𣬱Ǳ̬Ҫɱ֮ˣҪɱǵĲ֮ˣҪɱؼɱǿķ֮ˣ
Ǿ޴ϣµʮˮͽɢһڵľ֮Ȼ£ֱ֣
һƬƽ̶ȣǷſһ˼ҲãҲգһжṇ̀Ψһ᲻ϵأǸĸ飬˾ͽˮ顣
ЩҲԸȥᣬҲȥᣬԡһǣңһ
̻𣬿ɱؼõƣˣΨԼôʱҲǹ¶ģҲǼįģǱġ
ǣңôҲǣҲǹâɣ
ɱңôǡһͬھӴɲǣ˫ſ͵һӣȴз֮ıԴͬӿȥ
һ֮ǰһһȭ񳵣һʩչһͨԸոյıԴչͨչһõģһͨ
غǿɢ򣬺򣬸ǳ޴ѷ칵֣ķΪ֮ƺ㣡
߽Ҳһ˺һΪ
һȻ޵Ľӽ˵ܵͨԻһʿһ˥ٴͨʥʣһ£Ҳɣ
һҲֻܴһΣΪԴΪۣԴһֻ̤ССʿȵһ
޾ף
ˮûκԥ𾪣ƿأȴǲò֣ҪɱԷһ£ˣҪչǧָҪѼʮˮͽҲҪ֣
һպɣƴˣնɱһΣԴ
ˮ˫ŭǾ޴ǣˣ֮£̺ԴУ
һɲǣȴͻȻ˾춯أ˭Ҳû뵽Ҳ޷ıľ޴󾪱䣡
һսǰںӲһеܣձӣ˺һ
һǽӣϵһö壡
ˮֱͨԴУڱԴҪҪΪˮͬھ˲䣬ڣԪУ֮ͬһʧӰƾˮ̽Ҳûа㷢ֵ壬Ȼģˣ
ޣֵ˲Ϣ˸ƯǰֵɲǣˮȫǾҵĲ¶޾ľңɫ˲Ϣ԰ףûκѪɫ
ͨǣҲһɲͣǿգʮˮͽȫȻ
һ޷ݵѹڷĴӿǿ֮ڣ
ǡˣ˵Ϣ˵壬Ƿ֮񣡣˴ԶʱŵΨһ֮ˮһ޵Դʼջ̻̲ڿ˲䣬ǰ˵ľ֣ˣ
һɲǣƯǰ壬ǽУȻһָֻûָͨڽ¸һƬâˮüģݺݵذ£
֮죬޷ˮӸǷһеֿĵ׶Ŀ־壬Ȼ
ҷҲûʱ䷴ֱָӰˮüĵ߲ʶϣ½磡
Ѿˮͷ߲ʶӣһɲǣ׵ıˮӵͷ­У


1282 컯Ŀʼ
ˮӷĲҽУһ˲һλڷȼֱӷǣȼԪ־ҵʹ໯һɷڱ
߲ʶӣרɱ̫ܵⲿǳɶʯڸ̺һ˿Ūǳ֮ڵߵ˺ﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȣ
ǵķ֮ڱʮ߲ʶסҲҪȫ޷޷˺
£߲ʶδˮüģˮ˵ҲǻΣʩչֻƿһ磬ˮ˵һЩΪԱƳӡ
Ƿɽʯ߷٣䲻֮ȴһָ䣬ʹǶ³磬ˮػʹ伸޷ѹơ
ƾǿĵΪˮǿѹ£׼ɱֺ󣬱չˡ
Ҳû뵽ͨ٣׼ֵɲǣȴǴӶԷϣ壡
𺳣˿ѹڿ棬һУȴûֱָĳ֣
ָˮ̫Ϥˣһ۾ϳǡ˵ָ
һ֣ɢģָͺȻ٣ʹü߲ʶӣ׵Ľ뵽ͷڣ
һɲǣ߲ʶȫıˮüģشͷǣ׵ĲԺ߲ʶ̾Ϳʼڻ߲֮âˮһλã
˿̵ˮӣ˫ۣ˫ǿף˫ͬڣȫ߲֮âͷͺһ¶߸СɸӣɢĿ߲ʹ⣡
ҽˮӷһѸٺˣ˫¶ڵ߲֮âԿֻƾεֿ߲ʶӵںȴǲת˲ϢȫĳΪ߲Һ壬С
ʹģˮ˻𣬷ʹĲҽԽԽҪȫɥʧ
ˣҲگΣѹɱҡֻأֻأˮӺвЦɫȴǸΪ
Ҳ޳˵شܣ֮Ҫȡ֮ʮˮͽұȫ֮ͳͳңҵֿ߲նˮĲӷĺˣת۾ƿһգڶȥ
⣬Ǿ޴Ǹǽĸ棬ʮˮͽȻڵ֮ˮڣ߲֮âԿ¡¡ľˮӵĺˣڷĴֱʧǿյľͷ
ˮһ·񲣬ڲϵصֿѹƻ˲ϢɢӰ
ȥǺ֮Ҳֱް㣬һƬžûкûκδڣ
ֵ˫ۣĺˣһУûˮչյĻ𣬵һսƵأԶԶس˵֮أ
ȫķѣ˿̰׷ԲԣΪˣ˫۵ɲǣУջصڣԴת
ֻΣҲ޷ֲʧȥ
˫۱ϵɲǣһüУʱһг֣ӣشڷɳһɳڻ˳üӣֱȫ
˿̵֣ƳΪʯˣΪһʯƵӲϵĵ
ͬʱƯǰ壬Ҳһ֮ڻ뵽ֵüģһʧӰ
ţǰԶ֮ǰꪱĵطȴһƬ˸Щһ֮ٽ֣֮ʧ
һ˲䣬Զ񳵺֮أһƬ߲֮âȴһֻģ߲ʺ۶ȶķɽ֣߲ʾ⣬ڡ
֮ǰѺڰ׶̽˿ҲûƱһлΣΪãֻڰС¹뻯ϡ
һУˡ
ֵʶһƬ֮Уس˯ˡ
壬£ΪʯͷʧȥһеͨǿڣƯ
Ȼ˺صѷ磬дأǿУֻʯƮƮȥԽԽԶˡ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãһ죬ʮ죬һ¡ֻĲʯεʱУ㼱ת˦˺Զʱѷ죬ϾͳһѺۡ
ͬڣһŮӣڲ֪ǰȥˮһսս
ôŮҧ´ȻҧѪ¶ãȻǰƺģҲһ֮
һþòɢ
㣬һϵǿյشŮӵĶС
Ůһ
ûҲˣҵʯҽһ԰ѹֻҪܴĴۡƴûгֹ
ĻȴŮ˫¶ļᶨ֮âŮĵ˵ͷȥ۽ǵˮڣѰ
ʱţ졢ʮ졢ʮ졭һֱʮ󡭡
һ䣬ŮӿƯԶ˺۵Ĳʯסʯ棬ȴûϢ
ʯᣬŮӽԶȥȥһ˭ҲҲĵطȥһƺһڣ֪ǼһĵĴ½ϡ
½ϣڶ࣬˷ִ˴½ʶŮӵĵϵ̷ȴǸոմ̼žƺһϢŮ⣬ʹ΢ܣӲҷκ
½һɽڣŮӱʯ£ɽһĬĬʯһͬס
ÿ죬ŮӶվʯǰҧָ⣬ѪͿʯȫʯǴֲڣ˿ڵָĨоʹŮȴʯ˫ۣƲ֪ʹ
ʯܴһ㣬ҪȫѪͿĨڰ;УŮӵָѪͻ죬ÿʱ˺Ѫ죬ٴμѪͿĨ
һδ֮ʹȿ̣
һ֮ʹ֮һп̣Ҫ
ÿһѪͿʯȫʯ񶼻İѪҺգй˸ƺָһЩϵӣҲϸ΢ı仯ʼʱͿĨʯȫѪҺҪһʱŻᱻȫգʱһȥأʮʱѪҺͻɢҪŮӣٴͿĨ
һ¡¡ĸ¡߸¡һ꣡
һȥŮÿҪѪϸͿĨʯȫа©ϸӣ
һʱ䣬ʯϵĹԽԽӣҲı仯һЩֻŮӵգȴԽԽ԰ףʧȥѪһ̺ԪѪʹͬһֻʢĻ䣬ĵл
ʧȥѰֲʧȥģԪѣҪ
ŮĬĬʯĿ㡭
˿̣ڳ˯УȴһΡһйأ컯Ρ


1283 ֮
κ˳УֲʵõֵǰһƬЩһЩεķ壬˴ߣѸһһ
ֻʣεĻǴڣãȻ磬ţɢţֱһ쵽ĻǳʧҲˡ䣬䣬ԽԽǿңǡ
֪˶ãû½棬ʱҲ̣粻ͬǰУַ֣ߴһ壬̺˽ľˮԪ
ҸһֺϤĸоƺһУȫоС
ǡ硭һ¡¡£ֻһꡢꡢꡭҲ֪˶£ֵĻǣûɢ
УڣһůѪ˷͸ɢֵĺ䣬εĻǵģʹǣĳ˰͸ӡ
ϵãҲѪɢˣܣ˺ܶ飬ǰǧǰ硣
УѼֳĬãɢȡ֮ģһεѣֻ֮󣬻Ƿ֣ԼȻС
ĬĬĸܣֻͷȥڲ֪µ£Ѿ߽ڣѰҲȥ·ߡ
ҵˣҲû˿·ƺΨеȴ㡣
Ҳϰ˹¶ϰؼֻԼһ˵ĸоûвʡ
ֻҼǵãԼѾһУΪλüͷ˿Լ壬¶ɬ
Լ壬͸״̬ȫǻεӡǿůѪ֣ʱ޿̶ڣǣʹãǵ۳Ρ
ѪǡĿѪⲻϵڣůĸоָоֻҲ벻Ѫ⣬ʲô
ĪڵǣֳƬ̣ƺֻһ𰸣ſԽһС
ֻܸоЩԾҪϸ˼֮ʱͻȻڣֵУһ૴Զ촫

Ŀһ૵У̾ͻһƬĻڻصǰ˫һ
𶯻ǣȴǹ죬֮ȴҪȥʲô
Ƭֻ̣ǰжȥ
ٶȲ죬ǻ֮壬ͬһǰƮȥڣʧǰͷ
ֵٶԽԽ죬ǰУһĸܵʱ޿̶ֵѪ⣬Ѫƺ׷֣ϵĻڣʹůĸоԽԽŨ
Ѫ⵽ʲôǰüͷȴôҲ벻Ѫ
ǰУ֮쳬磬¡¡֮£ƿһȴǱ֮ǰã״̬¿˲֪ٱ
ֵٶ̱ʹһ·񣬺Ȼȥʱţһꡢꡢꡭ
ֲϵطУǻ֮壬ûԪģ棬֮ˮǰŨϡ
ڣѪ⾹ȻûһϢĶϿʼֵĻǣʹĻǣز͸ͬʵʡ
ȴǿԸܵѪڵů˵ɣȴ΢ڽرȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãǰеУ૵ʱȴԽӵ

ԽԽ죬һգ˺Ȼһ٣ֱĶǰǰһƬϡڣȴһ֮ͨţȻ֣
ţֲİΣ
Ǿ޴ڣޱ޼ʣκվǰһֺϵĴ
˿̣ٽɲǣ޴ʯţ¡¡ľ죬ţȴǻش򿪣Ǻ¡¡£һ޴ѷ죡
Ǵѷڴˣ˽ľ£ֶУƲƻصȻʹԪŤ
Ȼ˫ͫһǾ޴ʯţ˳Ĭв²⣬ȻҲֵľ޴ʯţۿ𺳣ȴûгϡ
걻Ѫ£ֻʵʣ˸ļ䣬ԼˮһսʱͻȻֵ壡
ˮʧĻ壬Ϊ֮֮֮ǰʼշѽһ飬Ҳ˴𰸣
ѽģǰ׷ͯΪҪɱԼ£ѣˮӵһսȴжϳˮ֮Ƿ֮Ҳǰһˣ
ǰ׷ͯȻǸܵϢʶŻǰɱԼԲŻѪҺ˵תһ仰
ѻѰ棬ĿģҪҵɱ
һУѾװףǰ׷ͯڿ󣬲Ż˾ţɫ¶޾־壡
֮ȻֵļѣڳֺϽ⻯һָָָʹǰ׷ͯü߲ʶӳ׶룬Ӷ˲ҽӶݣ
ǰǾ޴ʯŷ϶ڣ૵Ϊ촫ɨڵ磡
Ǻˣɫƽʯţڡ
ҡǷ֮֮𡭡ɡûж⡭Ầ㡭һĬ֮૵ãĴһ仰
Ŀ˸ָоǴڣһܣһйصܣһʹԼ뿪ĵ·
ֲ꣬ԥһΣֱǴŶȥת۾ٽһʯŷ϶뵽ͨĴ֮ڣ
ƺڣһ޾мΪƫƧĴ½ϣﺱʿһƬ
½һɽȣٻ÷ϥڵϣǰڷһӨ͸ʯ
ʯϱѪҺĨѪڽɢٻ÷ɫΪ԰ףûаѪɫһͷҲûй󣬻˫ۣĿֻб
ָ̧֣ѺۣһƬɿݣͲһŮӵ֣һֱۡ
ָϵδϵѪ죬ٻ÷˫ۣᶨٴΪʯѪͿĨȫ
ʱѾ꣬ڣٻ÷û뿪˵һʼĬĬĬĬѪʯ
ǰһֻͿĨһʯʮʱϢʯԽӵľӨҪѪҺҲԽһҪͿĨĴΣϢʱ䣬ֻʣ˲ĸʱ
һٻ÷ʯ۽ȻᣬֻһƬѣƳõˮڣҲʹԼΣһСֵô
޷شʦĻһشԼԼҲ֪һֵ벻ֵֻ֪ǰһĶߣսɱУѣૣϡԼΪˮµˮϣһֻڽԶȥ


1284 
һУֲ֪
˿̵̤֮ͨУһ֮£̤һ磡һƬ޾ǿգǿգûֻ貵ƣչֳ
Ƭǿգܾܾ
ͬ˵Ǻİ
ǵ̤˴֮ˡ૵žǿڻֵɲǣǿͻȻ޾ǹ˸Ȼһſǳڱǰһ޴ǹС
ɡҵĵԵˡ
Ŀһ̤꣬ڣڽе˲䣬ɢٴγʱչǰһƬεɫĴأ
֮ͨڣһǳ֮ϣغɫȴз紵ʹɳɳ졣
һƬεûƣƺˮҡ
ǰǴ֮һ޴Ĳľľ֮Ȼ֮ߣһƬľȴڲסľѷ졣
ľʧȥһУȥ
ǰľ
ҵı֮ΨˣſʹҲд񡭡֮ڴصء
𺳣Ǿ޴֮һƴ
ԶȻǣ֮˳Ϊ֮߷֮𡭡֮ǰ˽Ҳ֪ǵ֣ܽԵҸ˵һߣ׵ĵҶصĸ򡭡
ڶ֮ˣҸ֮壬ʾ죡
ǵ˵صʿ㣬Ҫʲô
ֳĬ֮Ǿڣˮӣˣ
ûҵҵɢ壬޷㣬ҵ壬ҾͿͨ壬Ѳд֮ʩչһЩǵūңҸβᣬһȻ꣬Ż֡
ΪҪңѹ𾪣ɫѯʵ
ֵĻʹǾĬ֮֮Ųϣص
ںǰ̫ǳûнڽ֣֮Ƭޱ޼ʰǳڣһʥأ֮ΪԶԶͳƬǳ̻壬ǳһ飬ﵽһ̶ȣǳ󣬾ͿɷԶ򣬳Ϊ֮񡭡
ԭһжѭ֮ڣֻΪһǳʹһУ˷츲صľ䣡
ⳡ䣬ʹԶѣֳ֣ɢǷ˷֮·һͨ
ˣʹ̫ǳͬһΪ˽ڽ⣬нĴڽ⣬ǷѳȥԶ򣬱Ϊ˽ʥءڽڣͬԶһִڣңǴ١
ǲϵ˵Ļȴ캧ˣ֮£֪߼ΪǴδ뵽⣬Ȼ˹
ԶһΪʹ̫ǳҲ룬Ϊ˽ǳ
ԶǾ˲أسʹڵԶɻʣҲǷ˱չأ¡ѳȥǲԶ֮ˣھλĴ£ȴʱ޿̶ԽڻҪģǵǼҪģȥԶͨ·
ΪԶɣٶҪͳһ飬ֿ֣Ҫһսֻǣδɣ㱻ū͵Ϯ֮뼸Զ֮ˣ֣ʹҲòУԷ֮д桭
棬ʲô𶯣Ѹʵ
ԶѾķǳ֮棬ֻ棬һ̣ϣоǵõʱֻ飬Ƿ֮֮󣬽ԶõΪɣҪͳһսɻʴӡ
ֻǣҲӵһˣо£֪֮ǰӻˣÿһԶԶҵĴڡӦǳ֮ޣ
ҸƶϳӣϣҪ֮ϧɻʱչأ޷֪һУĻоȻƿյܣѰҵ̫ڣ
̫񾳣ֻõľԽԽ࣬ÿһ𺳣¸ոԶȴϹĸ֣
̫񾳣ӦǴڵġڴҲ֪̫࡭ӦȥʹδɣɻʱչδԶʼշӡý֮ţ룡
֮ǰˣǲδΪһˣҲֻҵӣ㲻ͬԪ񣬳Ϊ֮Ҫ㣬ҪΪ֮ػ磬ֱֿ֣ɻʴӱչѣֱԶӡ򿪣
Ұ֮󣬾ҪɢȥѰص壬֮ĴʹôǿΪóɳʱ䣡
´˴󹦣ɻѺ׳棬ɻʶʹͣһԸڱڵŮӣҲҲѣ
͵̧ͷǾ˳Ĭ
ЩҶȻǹ۲˺ܾã֪һ飬֪ҶĿץ㣬Ҫνɻʣ
ɻѺ׳棬һˣ㱻ȫƿɻУȫƾʹͣ˾Ϳɸ˱ĨɱҶˣ飬ȥҪ뿪ȴǱҪӦһ˵ҲǶд⣬ǹŰˮȻظ֮ǰβ֮ԣʧɱѵĻᣬӶڣ
ܸʲôֳĬƬ̣˵
䣬Ǿͨһȴ̴ɢһɾ춯صѹѹ籩Ȼֱֶ˲Ϣͽȫ֣͵һֱӾֻص˾ڲ
Ҳ̺̫꣬أҲ޷ȫȴܴڣȡ̫ǳ֮ӡڣ˵޷һ죬ȴܱж컯Ϳˣǲϵصأɢ
ʱתƿ̣֮ڲ֪Уȥ½棬ȴֹȥꡣƺڵĴ½ϣٻ÷ֻʯ񣬺ܿ죬ֻ߹ֵš
꣬ڷ˵Ҳգʮ֮ɼ꣬˵಻࣬˵٣ҲԲ١
ʿԣ絯ָҷ𣬿ٻ÷꣬ȴѪͿĨʯ꣬١
վܻȴ˲ֻ̬Ŀ⣬Ǵżᶨִš
ڵÿϢʱ䣬ֻвʱʱУȫĴȡָһЩͿĨʯ
㲵ӣưĻȴһпߣΪ֮ᡣ


1285 ѣ1
ɽֵʯдӲɣߣȻ꣬ûгΪʯǰκÿһٻ÷ĬĬʯ񣬶ƿվԼǰ
ӦңҪҵġٻ÷ૣ˵ǳΪʯ֡
ʶһĻĻУǻḡٻ÷УԽӵֻʱҲԼһУΪʲôΪڵӡ
벻ףֵֻӰȴԽԽˡ
ĸģ붨ʱԺл֮ȥˮ£˫ۣĬĬˮеķ
Ƿһ£ëˮʱĿˮעӣֻƬ̣ȴΪ㣬ٻ÷Ժдȥ
ġǰôٻ÷ҧ´ѾûƿʮָϵѪ죬һΪֻʯѪĨ
ʱһڲ֪лתۣһꡭ
һУʯѪҺٶԽԽ죬ٻ÷ÿֻ˰ʱϢʱ䣬ȫҪʯѪҺûȫʱҪٴͿĨһ顣
һ飬һ顭һʱ䣬൱֮ǰȫٻ÷ӣΪˡû̫ʱȥֲָֻϵ£ɢ
ռڵĵҩڣҲȻʣ޼ȫʳԪת
ֻǵҩģȴԶԶȲյɢٶĵҩҲáΪ˿̵ٻ÷ûʱȥҩÿ죬ֻаʱ
һҩԭʹⳤŬûһϢļȱڣŬ֮
ٻ÷ϣ޹⣬û˿ɣΨ˫ۣȻִţȥ˼ֵ벻ֵֻ֪ԼҪôԼôڡ
͹ˡ
һͿĨٻ÷ȡһҩѸٵķУץһʱڰʱ˼ҩҩЧɢȥǿһЩԪٴ̼ѪҺһοʼͿĨ
һ¡¡¡һŮˣִͣţڵľģ˰ꡭ
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㻹ûлشҵ⣬һû˵⡭
ٻ÷ҧŴһһͿĨȥֱ㡣
֮ÿʱϢҲûˣʯȻﵽһµĳ̶ȣһĨ꣬̾ͻᱻմٻ÷ûаʱԥҪʼһεѪͿĨ
ķʽʹ㲣ûʱϢƾΪ͸֧Լ
һŮˣһ㣬Ҫֵ벻ֵһ¡
Ѿʧȥ˼Ѿȥ˼κ飬ֻԺʶһĻĻȴǻһ֧ȹ˵ڰꡣ
ֻǣڰȣΪµģǵھ꣬ʯѪҺٶȣﵽ˿ֲĳ̶ȣһ黹ûͿĨǰͿĨĵطͻɢ
һѾٻ÷ļޣ˫ȫϣҲ޷ɢٶȣڷһٻ÷¶ңԥҧ⣬ʼʹľѪ
ѪһʿΪҪ֮Ķ٣ԾʿһУ֮֫ڣǴ⣬ͷ֮
ѪҺһΣ൱ȫˡ
ľѪڱٻ÷֮ϥ˫ѾѪѪʯȫ־ҵģſԸʯյٶȡ
ֻÿһѪɫҰ׼֣˿ȻݵƤһ㣬ľգƺҲˡ
һУڵھ°꣬ȴٴθı䣬ʯյٶһμӿ죬ľѪȻ㣡
ٻ÷ӼΪ¶һҧȴһӣȻһɫСУԼͷݺݵһ̣
Ѫڣͷʹģʹٻ÷ӲһУȴûֹֻͣӣΪȥ
޷ķٻ÷ȹ˵ھ꣬ӭ˵ʮꡭ
˵ַܼʮ꣬ѵĿܣֻʣһꡭʱ䣬ʹٻ÷Ȼˣŵʮĵͷ⾫ѪѾͿĨʯ
ٻ÷ѡԪѪνԪѪһ޵⾳Ԫ񣬳ΪΪĸƳһϢϢѪҺȴѪҺΪأ̺ٻ÷ȫ
һ꣬ٻ÷Ҳԥˣֻԥڿʯһ̣һʢЦݣͬһμ棬ЦݺǶˡ
һŮӴڣҲᣬҲȥѡΪЩǿɬܱ㡭
㲻ҲգһЩ飬޷ȥĥ޷ȥıġ룬ǸŮ٣Ҳ˵ģĸá
Ǹľü֪һУҲɡҲһУֻǳֵĻ棬ǰУǷЩҲ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ǴɣҲ˺ܶ࡭
ҿģУ㣬εˮ棬һΣǺˮһΣˣˮҵ׹ˮеƵ˰ߣԺԼߡ
ٻ÷º͵΢Цֵʯ񣬱˫ۣ˫۱պϵɲǣԪתüȻг֣һŵ֮ѪҺֵȫ
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գƿǰԼŷ˰ߺһĻĻ
ҡҡͷٻ÷¹ھһö壬ڣʯٻ÷عȥ
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˽ػٻ÷ҧŴӣµҩ󼲳۶ߣʮڣһ뿪ɽȣ뿪Ĵ½ֱŽڶȥ
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һ졢졢졭תУʮȥˡ
ٻ÷µ壬ʯľɢ֮âٻ÷ûȥֵʯ
ůʮĲĨģһʯԱߡ
ʮһ졢ʮ졭ֱʮ졣
ٻ÷ûлͺɢ֮УûκţɽڣδһŮӳһΨǽ֤һС
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ʱȥٻ÷ȥĵڶʮ죬⺱ʿٵĴ½ǿУһµ̤
һһöǰʱӡ֤򣬽Ĵ½ԽԽ
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һǰһȥȴ˲ϢɢʱȻ̤½֮ϣһ£ɢʶȴǱԲϢĴ½Ϻɨ
ɲǼ䣬ͱҵһ·ѰǴɽڣ


1286 ѣ2
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ˣüͷҪɽȣͻȻɽھоŵֱֹ̤벽
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ӫ˸ɢһ͵Ϣھŵ֮ϣǾŵһȴǷһеֿɢ֮С
û˽̤ɽڣһ۾Ϳɽģʯ񣡸ǿʯ񾱲ŵ塣
ʯ¶ӣ֮̾һ
ٻ÷ô࣬Ϊ˴ôˣӦ㣬ͻѪҲĳŵһ˦ǰͳһѷ죬ȻһȭͷС״Ѫɳ
״Ѫ򲢷ѪҺһŻۣ֮һ֮£ֱڡ
ѪɲǣʯȻһѪ죬Ѫȴûκɷеģһһʮİ桭
ʯ𶯣һϢڱҪһ㣡£ʯ˫۴˴ѷ죬ȴڳ˯ʮڣһΣ˫ۣ
˫ĿʯƤ½ܻӣƺҪȫѶҪһЩʱ䡣
дãȻֺһΣУ뵽һľ磬ǵ
ߣˣһֵãʹ˫ĿȻָɣ˸֮һ۾ͿվԶǰ
ǡĿƽϣһ֮£ľͿڶԷڣһԪתԪڸͨ˸Ŀ£ԷԪڵͨ˲Ϣֹͣ仯һͿԿЩͨĸ
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ӾŽ٣Ϊٻ÷ѪѣҪʲôĪǻҪɱɣܺȻԸһӣ˿ֵ̺ͺȣ
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֮й仯ǰһ𣬾Ȼ޷ȥת֣ڣΪǸߣɱҲ򵥣²ȥ֪⣡
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Ц֮˵Ҫ֪ãҾ͸һУʶһٻ÷ŮӣҲÿڣһʶģ
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ôȻԸҲ΢ʣһȻ˲أʧȥЩ˵Ȼûʲôϵ㼴㲻֪Ҳ޷
һ㶣ȷ֪Щ޼ڿٻ÷һУٻ÷û˵
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֪ߣҲҪϣΪ壬һУ㲻֪㾹Ȼ֪
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ġֳĬУ˵
ģڻѪ˵ȡȡʮǰ뿪սʮδأܲͷҪػѪҪۣ
ΪȡػѪӦ֮ˣȥѷսȥΪ̽ѷ޵ڣǷӵͨ
ͨӽ⣬ôܰȫûӽ⣬ѷǿ޴ڣɣ
ο˿̵ȻһΪ͸֧ܴ棡ˣҪսЧȣ
ΪȡػѪ˿Ѿȥѷս֮˲ٻѪҲֻһУڶ֪ˣҸ㣬Ȼˣƾʲô㣬Ϊʲô㣬ҾҪ֪һУЦԴ׶شֵС
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֮һ̾춯أ½Ȼ߽⣬һг֣ʹĴ½Ȼķѣ
½˲䣬һһɾǿΪϢһɲǣϱΪ֮ǿԾ춯أ
֮ǿգһȥһץȴ̾Ͱץס
·Ҫȥս
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1287 ǧӣ
򵥵ĸ֣
ȥһ־ģһּᶨһֲηҪļ㣡˰һףᣬѪֵп˲ĥӡֻӡȴѪɫģѪûɷһɱ£
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ȥĽеĵλҲδԴ棬ģֻǸֻԲһϡǰΡ
˶ѡһŮӣһٻ÷ŮӣķʽĬĬظһСûĽĵȴ¶ûüԼ˵ķʽ˺ֵģȴΣ޷ȥʮ֣꣬ʹ
һ죬ҲˣǵУһٻ÷ŮӣҴҶôٻ÷޼ڵĻһڴ˿ֵ
һ죬Ҳûлϣ㣬Լǵá
һŮӣˣҲԸԼһ֪Ըģǰ׷ѪҪ֪һУٻ÷ҲЩ˵׷ϸıʣټϿٻ÷Է㲵գҲ֪һС
ٻ÷ϣΪԼһУԼΣӶĴڣ飬Ҫ
Ҳȥְ׷棬ֱ㣬Ҫģ֮䣬ããǺڣֻǵãһŮӣٻ÷
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ҪģҲһ¶˲ͬǿȴΨһֻҪͬһƬǿ£˲ɿԽĹ룬Ҳˡ
ҪڽҪģǲУڼжԷӰڣݼɣϵ֮ʣ֮ʱԼ䣬įԴ΢Цһһ˫ۡ
Ҫ󣬲ߡ
̧ͷڵǿգģϵشʹҪȥٻ÷ΪԼʮŮӣ
սѷпӣɭڽ⣬һ̤⣬пܱɭӶΣ
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ĻûлκεĻش˵ĸֺ󣬱һ·ĬֳĬγһǿѹ֣ʹЩľȻЩڣ˶ԷһС
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ǣ⺣̹תԥĳԴλŵĳϣ˴󣬸óȫԪ׳
˿ɣһԼٶˣаԥԷԻɱˣ
оǰ֮ƺʿһֻԶŵޣɱ䣡
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ĳȥ󷨣ȡԪղʮֵڴ˺˶С


1288 ʮǰ
ڣһ½֮ϣһΧϥʮʿһһŮڵ̸ŮʱЦӵĿ⣬ġ
ҲŲ˵ģӺƼȻΪ˸ʹ볤ϣдʦ޼ڶȻȫôܻ˵Ѿȥ
ʦã˵Ķģ˵ӺΪڣʮǰ׷ɱ򣡡Ц
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֮ǰڵԪ⣬¿ֽӹĴȴǿЦŸԪʹ죬֮һ仰ͿٶȡȫԪ
¼޼ҪԪҲ˿٣пһЩȫͳ
̤봫Ӱʧֱͨ˽󷨣ڵȴḶ́תۼ䣬Ϳȥ޼ڣ
һֱۿȥ֮˷׷˿ڴɫԻһЩſտյĴػһ¡
˴ˣĪ˵ҪԪҪţϷҲֻܾͣȥ
˽޼һڣ˿֮âȻأǹâĿ˲ϢŨ
޼ڣһҪȡһֵӰ߳صʮǰ޼ڣ


1289 ǿΪ
̤޼ڣûƬͣ٣һΣֱǰХȥǰæ档
⴫Ŀ޼̾µӷ˵һЩˣ׷׷Ŵ˵ط
ûٽ¡ֱ֮ӴЩٵ޼ڵߺɨĿ磬̾ʹЩ޼ڵӷ׷˺¶Ȼ֮ɫ
֮Ȼﵽ˼ޣǰһ˲ƣ֮ʱȻ˵޼ɽŰ֮ϣǰǾ޴ɽ壡
ҪģǻɽĹ֮ǾǹǿΨаⷨõ֣аտΣյսھٻ÷
ʱ޷ֹ˼ֻ֪һ㣬ҪõұҪ죡죡죡
˿ٽɽ壬һȭ
ĳɽһãձضԸһдۣ޼λѣ԰ĳһΣ˵ţһȥȻɽ֮ϡ
û˿ԥ˫µɲǣȫ֮Ȼתȴ˲Ϣ䣬ɽͺٴѣȻһɲɣϢɽڱ
Ϣ֮ǿԾ죬ڸ̺һǿĹ֮ȻȻʹɽգ̾һ޴лû¡¡ת
̶̵˲ϢɽڵĹϢͱɽҲһԽԽǿҵĹ֮Ĵɽ˳˫ųУ
һɲǣü̾йǵû֮Ǿ鿪ڵĹ֮ȴδй֮Уȫص˻ʯͷڣһɻҵĹ֮ȫ
ɽ̺ĹϢһ壬ֵüģȻһǵȻ֣
ţڶǵ֮˸ٴγ֣
ɽڳ˯˲֪Ĺ֮ӿڣȫ죬ɽ𶯸ΪңԪһɲǱ
ɫ䣬Ƶ
ϡһڴɽ˫ۣŭҪһ㣡
ɽһϳ˴Ƭѷ죬֮£ɽҪѣɽʯ룬𣬾춯أ
һжǵʯ䣬ɽ֮˲䣬ΪǿϢĴ˷иȻǴɽ޼ڴں
ϢÿһǴﵽ˵һ˥ľǿʿ
ӺƣȻ㣡ҪʲôһŭصأȴǴɽڳϢһˣһͷ׷ۣڿ̵ֺͺڿֵĶɫ¶ɱ
ֲδΪϿȻ޼ڵ̫ϳ֮һ
ɱһȴһ̧Ȼ¡ȴ̾޾ûߵһƣȫգ۶ȻʮŸ춯صֱֺ¡
߻һˣɫĿ֣޼
ʮŸХٽɲǣ͵̧ͷ˿̿ٵɽڵĹ֮üĵǵȻû
ף˫¶֮â
ֳڵɲǣʱһ򣬺Ȼһ٣Ȼȫֹͣ˰գҵĲƬ̼ͺȻȻڹֱ֣Ǻ߶ȥ
֣ˣ֮
Ǻɫһ䣬Ӷ̾Щһ𣬺¡¡ľһ˲侪춯أһУ
ѣ޼ڴ㲻ҪϷ㣬ɱţϷ׷ԪڳΪ߽ɣʮ꣬ʧ٣дϷԹԪȴɣ˷³޼ڱӦϱȴҪ޼ɽţĪΪʸԿ޼ڲɣ޼֣ף
ֳĬ޼֮󻺻˵Ƿ޼һ飬ɽ֮պضֻ³򣬴һҪȡߣպ¶Ȼ˸
ֽɽڵĹϢٴӿϵسڣʹȫ򣬹Ϣüĵĸǵ㣬۶
飿ӺΪԼʲôˣʲôʸǷ޼飬ĪΪԼڴϲɣǱĺߣ˿̵ֿɢͨɫв԰ףЦһֱ֣֮˫о춯صͨûǱɫ
޼ɫΪ䣬δ֮ǰ˵ǰ㣬ʮԹԪɣ֪ʧƺ׼ŹԪڣԴ裬ŲΪһˣһڣΪУȥһûκμֵССԪڡ
˿ͬһһָգȴ̾һ߳߳Ȼû֣ⳤ״һֱХ죡
֮޷˲Ϣٽֶȥ
ͨٵɲǣʳָǰȻһָʱʳָڣ̾һһϢûȻΪС¹ӣͬʱʮ򡢰ǧһ˲Ȼ
ǧǵأһ̣޶ǧˮӶҪˣףʱڶг֣һ֮籩Ȼȥ
¡¡ľ˲ϢصǣǾǿĵƺҽӽǺӭͱǧУȫǱһѪ̺ˣɫ¶δйĺȻ
޼ɫ䣬һӣǰͳ޾Ļ֮²ϵصֿȻǾҵǧײºˣȻ޷㣡
ӺƵȻǿʮδȻȵǿ
²Ը޼ΪУֻɽ֮һãձض黹ȫǧ͸Ͽҡ
޼ƾʲôҪ㣬ƾʲôҪ㣡޼ˣܿĿڡ
ƾˮҪɱ޹˱չأƾڴѪģҧ⣬һѪһѪɫķģ̺һ˿ֵĻǣѪɫ˸зɳ籩Ư޼ǰ
ֵĻ羪޼Ǻߵ
ˮɱ޹޼¶֮ɫ
˵ƾ˻ţѪģϷãǺǰˣΪݣǴδй֮£˿̲ɵЦĿһ̧ȻһץѪѪ֮ԣݺݵһ
һ£Ѫɫı
ɫ԰ףȴ¶ĺ⣬Ѿ御֮Ͳ޼ڣ޼оɣԴǼΪϿңϧѪģһУȴ˿ã
ʵ˵ǿΪ𡭡Ŀһ
ʱͻȻԶǲٵĵǿϢȻٽˣĵϢ޼ĸ̫ϳϣΪ
˿ٽͲֶԣѸʩչֱ̤ͨɽ֣


1290 һ仰
Ǻ߸Цһչͨ޼Ҳɱһ˹
ʿͨϣ˵һ˥ǿߣһ̣ͬʱ˽ӣƺɱ֣
˵ڴˮɱ޹ȴǻ˼Ȼڣӹһ٣޼ڣǰס͸ڣʹͣǺٽ£̺ȵ
Ϣ춯أ˵һ˥ͨʿΧΨΪ˵ڶ˥ſΧ·߱ɣ
к˸ȫǧХ޼ڳϵĹ£̾ͷ¡¡ľ֮죡
һ̣ضҪؾҵ𶯣ֽµɽǴΧıĹ֮ڡ
ͬʱһ޷ݵѹɽڲϵƺһѣҪɽ壡
̧ҪʩչͨͻȻɫһ䣬˳һץǰдѷ˸һöڻû֮С
ٻ÷̣ȻůȻһѷ죬˰磡
֮ǰʱѿ˿ѷ
ѷ죬Ŵ˿ٻ÷Σ峹ѿһΪٻ÷棡
ߵİҲڿְѷ˲䣬ɫ˾䣬¶
壬дʹҲѷΪң̶̵˲Ϣ˵ʮһֱƬ̺ӵѷͣٻ÷꣬δɢǼ
˫Ѫ⣬һɾ춯صϢϱȻγһصķ籩¡¡ľüȻеǵûǵֵ˲䣬ǵ㣬ˣ
ǹ
ȴûϲãǽٻ÷ʱȻ࣬ûʱ˷޼ڣ˿κ赲ǰУ
ǧ֮Ȼȴ޼ڳƿһУֱ֣һͨȫֱع̺죡
ǣҽźݺݵһ̤ɽ壬֮ΪȻںϣһ޷Ĵһ̤ɽһѷ·ӣȴɽ壬˲Ϣͳ׵ı
ɽ޼ɽŵдĳɽʹ˺𣬴ʯγһɷ籩
ֱԸˣȥ޼ɽţʶº͵ķʽֻչϢֻȡڹҪɽĴ󲿷޼ɽš
£òɽȡ
ɽɲǣƵĹ֮ĳأֱ壬һ˲䴫֮֮죡
üģǵ㼱תĹ֮룬߸ǵ㣬ȻҲ˳Σ
˵ûȫۣȴһУ
һ˲䣬һԾűɽݺһץȴɫ䣬һ޷ݵľǿϢӱɽȻ
һâһѪĺ⣡ǺڣһѰƴСѪѪѪҺɣѪҺתɢصĳɫ
н˻⽣̺һ˿˷ܣһ˿ѹڳľϲ˲Ϣ䣬Ѫ֣ѪɲǣһѪŨˮĸоȻ
Ѫ֮
Ѫǧ޼ƿ˲䣬ȫ֮ѪѪ˲ϢѪ˸Ŀһն
֮һɲǾ죡
޷һնķˣһƿأԴ͸񷣬飡նµɲǣ޼ڳϺߣ¶ȻӱѪն£ҽȻһƬѪҺԪ˺ɫ־ռݡ
Ա߻һ޼ڳϣȻ
ˣȫѪĺˣ屻Ѫ⴩͸ðɫǵ弱ٵĿήȻɲǣͼƤһ㣡
ʲô
ʲô
ӺƵʲôΪ
һ˵һ˥ͨʿȫˣ⻹ûҪɱˣĻԪ񣬸޷ӵ
һ׵׵סˣ֮ˣ
һΣĿɿڴİֱնȥ޼ˣȻֹ㣡
ĳԪаˣĳ޼ڳƺȫڰգͷĿһˣϿҹĹã磬ΨʵΪ
һһ仰֮һѪģҪǿһ򱶣


1291 ѷ
Ŀ·޼ɨջأѪһһκɫѪҺüģؿӡȥʧ
һӣз籩Ű׷ӣʧ޼˵Ŀڡ
ⲻ֪ǼǹǵķȻþ֮ΪǹҲֻܷӳ˽֮ɣͿնκһ˵һ˥ͨʿٶȼ죬籩¡£ǿڼǰС
ߵİһ·һУȻľˣչֳʵ޷š
ˮһսǰֻ̤ս˵һ˥ͨȴǿսҪʤҪһЩۣҺǼѣ
£δΪķӡֻڵУһӳȫսʤ˵һ˥ͨ˵ڶ˥ߣ㲻磬Ҳһս
˥ߣһ˥˥֮䣬༫󣬱Ͼÿһ˥ɣɣɻ
֮ȴǺѿԽ
Ҵ˷ӡΪʮ꣬ڵȴǸãһŷӡĴ򿪣ϣһٴﵽڣܴﵽڣ˵ڶ˥²ҵĶ֣Ӧս˵˥ʿ˫Ŀһ
еĸܵԼǿǿסȭͷסһһ
ҵĿ꣬ǳΪܣɱˮӣɱϦƭϹż棡
⴫˵о춯صĴܣˮһս֮ǰ˵ͬÿ𣬶оͬɽѹ£ݻһУˡ
ڣΪߣˮһսڵڸһд컯ʹõʿУ˺ȥصɴǿ󲻿սʤĴ˵ģֵֻ߱
ν߱
ɱǿҧ֮߱һֵ壡
ģȥٻ÷ļᶨһ·ƿ˰˽򣬵һΣ̤ƺŽ
̤ŽɲǣŽڣһУϥȫɢ޾߲֮âһ׷ͯӣĲҽС
ռٵ˥ϣ˥ϵ˼޵ɲǣȴתܶʼ֮£ʹ࣬ǳ˿ܣ
ʹ࣬ˮѾʮ꣡
С֣Ϸܵʹ࣬һգҪǧ򱶵ĳˣûҲȻΪĻʮǰҾӲˣˮ͵˫ۣɫܿٴβҽ
˫ĿûȻûͫףױ߲֮âȡ
ˮҲ˵̤Ž󣬰ָ·һ·ƿֱڶȥ
ŽУʮޣϾȥնɱЩޣԸ赢ʱ䣬ʶһ̤ڣȫΪȻһɷڻޣص޷׷ױܿ
ڣˮӣҴɱ㣡Žڣɫɱ֮Ũ
һ·֮ٻȻǺ¡¡ľ£ƿǰһհֱָսѷ켲ۣ
ڣƺŽΪصɣ˵Ӳ࣬һˣǾ֮
פѷսֿһδε֣ʹ֮ˣɱ¾أڼϼӲ뿪ڣʶʹƺʿĿУڶԿ
ǴڣԭǴڷ룬ȴ֮͸Ź죬٣˵ڵǿ
פս꣬ƺƽڲ֪£ܵƺʿľη£ηأ
ƺʿ֮ˣȻ޷ʿݣǸģǾһ緲ʳľˣ
Ѫ飬һУȴػƺΪڵĴڣʹƺʿ԰ƽ໥ڶԻԴ
һգڲڣѷսڳû˵һƺı
Ϊ֮˵Ѫ飬ΪʹʶƺʿսھΪǱҪ
Υߣ̱ɱ֮һЩΪ֮ˣڵõڵϿ֮лΪˣܵڵӣϧ֮
ٻ÷ǵܵϿɵ֮һΥȥȻûɱֹ
ֻٻ÷һ߱ʮ꣬һڶȻŭڿûһɿȥʮ꣬²ͣڣҲͲˣ
˿̣ɻεԣһƬѷĹ⣬ǧƺط֮ڷɱͨй
ѷڣһͷͷӸ˻죬ѷڳҪ˺һ飡ϴ棬ƺмԶԶ
Щ޾޾ɱ¾дƺݵ޿ɱȣ
ѪȵϢЩ޵ĳ£ѷǧʿɱַ֮â˸ǿգ¡¡ľǾ춯أ
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ܵʿȻҲ֪˵ǿ󣬹ʶԶԶܿ῿ˣǳģ
УжŮ
ĸӣΪ꣬һΪߣΪǴﵽԲߣȻҪﵽ˵һ˥ļ
˾ɱϣֺޱȣһ֮ʹóѷ޲
ʣµŮһһŮǿԼʮӣɫ䣬һ˫ûκУһѽɫϸ֮ȫֽ˿Ǳ˿ޣ̾ͻĲҽķѣ
ֻһѷڵʵ̫࣬ǧʿɱ£ı˺ѣһЩԪӶݲҽб
ǧʿǿվˣȫɫӣ˵Ϣȴǹһ۳һ˵һ˥ѹȻΪ˵һ˥ɫУȴǺϻ֮£ܷӳһ˥֮
ʿ޵ıѪȵϢ˺ûпһֻվѷ죬֪Щʲô
ǣ֮ˣǧɱʿʱ̷ҩż˵Ŀ⣬˾η
޾ɱ¾¡¡ľ£ѷڵͻȻ˻ͬʱһǿϢѷȻʹ޷׷֮ɢ档
ѽ⣬ԭ޳֣
޳ִ࣬ÿγֶʹҵʿдޣͬŻԵɱޡ
ٻ÷˾һͬɱһޣʶϿɣޣȴǵĻᣡ
ʿһѷڴϢɫ񣬷׷׺ˣһо񣬶ѷ졣
ΪǿʿҲͬ˺ǱŮĿһ¶ɷ
ޣٻ÷ɱҲɱ
Ϣĳ֣ʹʿΨɫ֮ˣʼûа仯
˿̣ڰָ·£˵أȴԽԽ


1292 âµİӰ
£⣬ѷսڣڶ޵ĺŭ֮ԽԽң춯أǿյɲǣѷڱһɸΪǿϢϢ֮ǿһ־İ޵ѹס
ֻһޣѷڣڶ˱ÿ·ɲǣڻس֣
һͨɫֻЩϣƬͷǣֱ
Լǧɣ˿̳֣һɾѹһ˫Ŀڣ͸ײУĶѷʿĿЩʿɨʿ󷽣ɫ֮ˡ
ڿ˵ɲǣ췢һҵ͸͸棬һѪ
ϵɫļУȫɫ֮ˣǵУֹǳѷ죡
ȻһԨȻ޵ĵȽжϣʵ˵ֻʮףȴԱ൱Ѱ޷εʮ׻֮
ȷǾԨ֮Ѿܾûгֹˣ˵Ⱥӣǳ˻֮ޣ˵׵޼ְ֮һ
ش㱨ϣǱɫˣ໥һóһöһ֮ȴǰϢ˳ȥ
Ϣ˲䣬ѷڵľ֮ٴ̱дĺȫһƬ϶һ֣̾ͻ޾ɫͷŴ͸˻˷ɢֱѷȥ
˵ѷ죬̾к¡¡ľĴƲһ㣬ܵ죬ޱ޼ʵĺɵͷֱӴѷڳ˳ܵʿȥ
ĺͷѷڵ棬˳ǾȴʼѷڣûгֻĶ棬ײ֮ɫ˸
ѷǧʿɱϰ꣬ᶨ£ȴȻΪ֮һֻǵ;սˣЩɲǣЩʿ׷׳֣չɱ
֮ǰĿˣһֱѷٵľȥ
֣ɱ˴ͿԴ˳Ϊˣһӵͺһ˫֮ȫʱϹ⣬ȴȫΪɫƺȻ
˷׷չǿͨ㷢˲Ϊ˰ɫ׷ɨȻγһɰ׷籩žֱ֮
Ϊߵߣ˫һӣ⾹Ȼƾջû𵤣Щ𵤣ʿ֮ƣȴȻͬԴǻԴ֮ͨ𵤣Ҳ𵤱ǿ˫ֻӶ˲Ϣ
ĮŮӣŮҧ⣬ѪϸϣϸɢĿ⣬ȴ̾ڻγһɫĳӣ⻷ƣâۣ͸ǿĻ֮ӣ˳ȥ
ǧʿеǿߣͬʱ֣չ˾춯صĺǾһս
ʿҽȴЩ̫Ź֣Ȼηκͨ뷨ֱӴ͸ʿϣһ룬ͺȻγһɻ֮ʹһбϵʿԪɢ
ڼѷڳڶʿһʱ֮᧿Σ
ʿеǿߣ˿Ȼٽ˾չͨȻͨ£ٽɲǣǾͷһ˦ȴֱſɫ
һʱͻһǧɴСľ޴ͷֱ˲Ϣȥ
֮˲Ϣ侪죬У֮⣬ȫѪɫ԰ӵɫϢðͷĿУƱɣǵ
ѪӼۺˣ¶⣬˫ǰһָдȣ뱬𵤺Ȼһɻ֮ȫǾ޴ϡ
Ůİ׷籩ȻѪӼˣں֮ʱͬд
ĮŮӣѪɫֻѿѪմȾƣǽɫתҲһЩŮȴҧǰһָʱɫӺȻɫˮֱͷ
ص޴ͷΪ֮һ٣ᣬĮŮʩչ̺ͨˡ
̫࣬ȼ󷨺ɱǧʿкϣ˿̺вȥѪ̴ȣ
ϣʿ׷˺󣬱˴˫֮̾˸
ףڴ󣡡ǧͬʱں˵˲䣬ͺȣǧһɣ̺һɾѹ
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߿һĻİ̾㼯֮أʩչɱ˵ʵȴǸͲУ޷
ٻ÷ڣΪ뷨ƿͷʹþ̽߰̾˼ѷպ϶ݵʱ䣬һӣ𵤻ûֱöȥ
һͬĮŮӣЩʿɱ̫꣬˴ϼΪĬ˲ȥǾ޴ͷɢֱЩСá
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ս޷棬ҪȥҪԼǿͻΪͱһδжȹҲ߹
ȻǿЧù˶Ը
ɫڵˣ
Ǳյѷ죬Ƭ̼ȴǶݵıպϺ󣬽ش򿪣ھ䴫
ĮŮ޴ͷսס׼ĥ
ɫڵˣ򿪵ѷ죬Ҫȫɫ䣬͵תԶ
һ޷ݵĺХԶǿշĴХ֮죬̺һǿϢ֮˵ע⣬սʿĸӦ
ЩޣҲɵò¶־壬ȻڹˣҪصѷڡ
ЩͷҲһ׷ײУƲʲôǿ־ϢѸٺˣ
ߺĮŮɱľ޴ãҲһ֮¿տյ˫Ŀ˸־Ļ𣬾ҵҪ˱ܣ
ͻıʣʹô˵ʿ׷뿴ԶǺХ֮أ
ĿһƬâ죬ǺâڣˣԼٶƿն
һ£һͷ׷ɫȴһǿΪʹǿնŤ󣬻һ


1293 һ
ӵǣǳɻΣгһԲȦܼ򵥵һԲȦȴӵһɾϢơ
⣬һ󷨣
һɵĴ󣬴֮ǿԺأǰɵɵʱ֮Բ£Ϊ赲޽һߣ
ڣɽţֱϣÿһɽڣڳɽ֮䣬Ƕж
һڵڳʱ㱻һҲһԶ£һֱڡ
ɽڣӵһһʯʯϿ̻ͬһˣ꣬Ʈƣоֻۣء
ˣҲ̧ͷգƺǾֻ۶ӡ
󣬻һ̫ƺض޷ֹ졣
ÿһ֮˶֪ʯϿ̻ӣڵһҲһǲı
е֮ǿԺأں֮ǰ˵صѷսҪڻҪٱֹޣڶޣл봫˵еĻ֮޳֣һһУѷ쳹׷ӡ
ֻڷӡɲǣȴǳ⣬ƺѷʩչ޷ֹͨķӡ
ˣӡãΧСѷ죬ڷӡ£ʹѷ޷̫ǿ޳ڶࡣ
ʯյľֻ۾ĺ壬㲻Ѱڵӿ֪Ψڵĳϲ֪յľֻ۾Զ
ҲһЩ֮Ĵţ˵ں֮ǰ֮Դڷ룬Ϊһһ֮פѷս⣬ǧǧ꣬סκһֻ޻ų
˵ʵͬһˡ˵Զ򡭡˵Ȼʧ٣֪ڵڣʵǱ˵ūʹٿء
ڹʶŲڵжԿڵֶΣ
ȻһжǴţʷȻµĳУ֪
£սѷ촦ǿպâ죬׷ĸ·£ѷս
һ·ּչٶȣӶ٣ֻ˲յĹ
ӣ
Ӱǰ뿪˵֮ٻ÷֮ȥһ飬ǰ֮˭
Ϊ͸ǰҾȻĸоˣ̫ǿ֪ĸɵĳΪλ
̫ǿǹ֮Ȼ޶ҪֺˣЩãȻڸܵٽ¶֣еߣֵĿ¶𾪡
ĪǾٻ÷ܵڳͷȥѷԭڣĮŮĿһɨȴһĸܵԼʶĿ⣬ٽԷɲǣȻϢ
ɫ֮ˣҲ̾裬֣ڵɫ˱仯
ӣ˭ɫһˣ
ǰҪ˵ǰһֱǻ򿪴ѷȥǰУЩѷԣҪȥޣֵļС
룡Ӱ̫죬˲ϢٽһӣȻ֮һɷ籩ɨǷ籩̺޾¡¡֮ѷ죬һֻֻ޲ҽȫ
һУ˵Ϊɣٻ÷˿̵״̬Щ޴̶ļиķ
һ֮£ѷȫ뻯Ѫ⣬˲Ϣ䣬һƬѷڵľҲɵһ١
Щɺãһһ㣬ֵĿ⣬͸޷ݵĿ־塣
վѷ⣬ɨһЩãȴĿ¶֮â
ħͷȸǵսڣΪ̻꣬˴ħͷ˿̿Щãȴ̾ͷ֣ϣȻħͷϢ
˵ħͷ࣬Ҳ٣Ŀһȴſһһ֮£ȫƻһ޴УȻ䣬ЩòоȻҷһȻֱ֮ڡ
ãҲǲбΪ˴ŵĺߡ
ִ˵ޱ߽⣬Ϊͨһʹܳ˰ˣȫ𺳡
Ǵ˵ǧʿеǿߣ˫ͫ¶𺳡
֮ˣҲһ𣬶ֵʵ
˵һ˥ֻΪû˹⻷
Ǵʲôͨ԰˹⻷
˾ֻ֮ǲ֪ΪһͬҼǵðٻ÷ȥĪǡ
ĪǴٻ÷йأ
໥衣
ΨǰһȻľһ·־ٶ޼̫ϳ϶Ų˱˶ϵֻɱһЩޣʲôˡ
˵Ŀۣûֵİ⣬ʱȣ˳ħͷ֮ǻſѷ죬ĸܵڴһǿϢϢƺԥһ㡣
ٻ÷ǽתƽһɽҪǰļ
Ŀһ̵ͷ˵
ջĿ⣬ûʱȥѷſ˫һ죬ǰһץоⱬ֮£̾ͱһɷϢȴǵͺһ˫ֺݺݵһ˺
ȻҪ˺򿪵ѷ죡
ס֣ѷоΪǿһ֣˵ػڶ࣬ѵȴƬ̣ٴ򿪣˵֮ˣǱɫ֮ˡ
˸ǳֱѷ
ţͺºݺݵһ˺ʱк¡¡ľ쾪𣬸֮ȴѷ죬һ˺֮£˺ѣ
ѷ˺ɲǣھٴδȴǺȻٽſֱɶ
ִ˿̾Ǿ̫˫Ŀ͸ײУУȫƬ϶ĺڣҲкǧɵӣҪְΧ
Ҳң¶⣬Ͳ㣬Ǿɶɲǣ̧ǰһģ
һ֮£֮춯أһ˲䣬޾ۣ֮ƣһ޴ӡֱӾǾţ
ǾںвҽУȫһ֮ȴѿϿѪӼˣĿײУǱ־ȡ
ûĿ¶⣬һ̤ѷڣ̧ٴһģȻֱϡ
һ£ٴβҽУȫϿ¶η塣
ͨȻûһΣ̤ͷϡ
һѷֲϤȴǿԷܶࡣ


1294 
ǾͺһȴƲòӣϣܵһϢϢӣں֡
һ֣һڴУ̫ʱڵ֮
ڶ֣ǵĲƺԷ֮꣬ӵԼҿ֮
֣־壬ͬ䴫У֮ʣϢ
ټΪƣ̺˾ֿ֮ܵ˿ΨΪֵ
շȴʹѷһпߣ׷ɫ䣬¶캧ȻһĻֻ֮֮ʱ𺳣޷ţ
ɫ֮ˣҲɫ䣬޷ǰһУ֮£Ť
ȻշΪ¡¡
ҵͬʱ֣ںϻҲսʤҪȴǸͲܣ˵Ϊ˵ʲôݣȻһ㣡
ܲǳ壬һ޼İ֮һôܱշ
ȻֵĿ⣬¶𾪡ˣ͸˵ˣ˿ѷʿȻĿɿڴ
Ԫ𶯣ѷվھͷϵ֣һֵ̣ӰгΪһ㣬ޱȵ̣
һ£һͷ׷һ޷սʤ춯صսɣһ֮ߣĤݣ
ٻ÷ȻΪҲȻΪٻ÷ٻ÷ʼձ˴˰ұΪȥѷɣȴû뵽һǿߣĮŮӰ̾
̤ھϣȥѷڶʿ𺳣ҪѷѰٻ÷ʱͻȻѷһڣһɼΪǿϢͬʱһӰХ١
Ӱٶ̫죬һȻ޷ŲƵǿУŲƶ̤ǿУ˵ڶ
ڶ£˸гѷ֮ߣ˵ȴ˼Ӱ뵽ѷڣֵǰ
Ī˵أϷ򿴿Ƿнѷʸ񣡡
Ӱǰһº͵صѷ⣬ӰɲǣӰ̧֣̤ھͷ֣£
ɫ糣ٵɲǣֱ̧ǰһģӰ֮һ
ޱ޼ʵԪһ̷۶һƺ˺ǿյĻ֮ڶ˫ɲǣ¡¡ı
һ޷ݵĳ˲ϢǿգܷĳȥѷǧʿƱɨһɫ׷ױˣ֣Ҳˣɫ԰ס
Ψ֮ˣ²ſԲֱĶѷڣɫأ
ƺһڴ֮죬ͬ¾̺ɡٽӰͬһƺߣȴûкˣǰһ
оһһԾ𣬴ӾϷɳֱٵӰȥٽɲǣȭüȻйǵһɺĹ֮ıŷһȭ
һ죬Ӱһ٣ȥɫ׷ϣһӣȴ̾һƬѪüķɳһѪһѳֵѪ
Ѫ׷ǰݺݵһն
Ǻ˵ӰóѪɲǣɫ䣬˫ſھһƬף赲ǰ
׳ֵ˲䣬Ѫն£̾˹֮ϡ
֮춯أǹ׾Ȼ޷赲Ѫ֮ѷ챬һ±Ѫ⴩͸ֱӰڡ
ӰһģѪ˳£ٴκˣȴںУ̧ǰݺݵһӣȴǺȻУԪۡ
ʡɡ䣡ӡ֣Ȼ̾ƾմԪڻû֮γһ޴ӡ
ӡӡӡֵɲǣԪȻۣ˲ƾͺƳΪʵʣһ޷ǿƣֱֶͷȥ
ûкˣ֮˫ۺâһѪɢڣһɲǣ죬ȴ壬ΪѪ
Ѫ
˫ָǰǽ⣬ƿһأֱǰӡһ̣ǧȻǰ֮籩ӡһ
䣡
أӡǧײ̲ӡǰ֮裬ͣ٣ͣٵɲǣֵ˫ָںâ£ֱӵӡģ
һӡ̺ԪŰɢӰɫٱ䣬Ҫ˺󵫻һƿӡһ˫ָѸپ͵Ӱͷ֮ϣ
Ӱ𶯣ѪӼۺˣͳѷ죡
к˸ֱ׷ָ̧üģҪ˺ʲô
֣֣ͣͣϷ³çӰڿֵľٶɫֱ䣬æ˵
Ӹ˺վ֮ǰһ׷ԲԵߣֱȭ
̤ѷ죬ߣ֡
μϡ֮ˣ̹ڡ
һͷ֣֮ɫȭΪǿϷʲ磬Ѫ˱ҡͷЦȴ޷ⷨ뾪
ĶһۣһﲻջĿ⣬תѷ켲ۣѷڵľ˿Ȼ񣬲Ӷݡ
ѣϷ³çˣҪȥٻ÷ٻ÷ϷţҪΪ£ȥҲϷͬ⡣߿ֵıӰ˵֮ʱһӣһöɳֱֶȥ
ѷܴ󣬵ãȻѰǺҵٻ÷һͼϷ˱ʾ˳űʾԵѵٶȣ׷ϡ
һ٣ӹʶһɨɫлͣתһۣȥչգĪҪõһڵʱܣȹް
˵꣬һߣת̤ѷ죬ھϣѷһƬ֮أ۶ȥ
ʧ֮ɫ˱仯ȫȴɫ԰¶ȻԼĵУ⾳ı仯һ֮룬ʹ˥ȥ
⡭ǡѪɫһңԼĴͳ򣬶ԷԼ£һԼǷ˵֮ڵյʱǴֲУǲҲԴˡ
˻ܾٻ÷˵ڶ˥ΪԵҲûȡʤбˣµǴϻзӡǷű˺ӡĿأؿѷһۣתԶԶȥصɽţѡ˱չء


1295 ٻ÷
սѷʱΪݣ̶̵ʱһУȴǸѷǧʿ޷ݵ𾪡
ޱѷ˺վģ߸ϵڳһսû·ҸѹԵǿƣʹڳϾȻ֪˰ˣ
һĻĻѷǧʿУ׷׺Ȼ
һ£һͷ׷ǧʿ֮Уһ޷ĥ
ƺʿ˵ľ޴ѷڵ磬ϤİϤǳսİ浽ͨδͷ
ڴûдͨʿѷ̽飬ֻǵõϢȴѷ̫󣬺һƬǿգ˵޷֪ȫΧ
Ұ˽룬ܳɹߣˣȫʧ١ˣȴδÿһӾ˽ѷ졣
ʼķʽһͨٻ÷ǳΪ˽ѷ̽ߣȥͨľͷٴο٣߻ųֵµϢֻһȥѶȫޣΪ˻ʧٵʿ֮һ
ֵʶջأƺûаâ磬ΪڵѷҲֻܿܰң⣬һƬɫģˡ
ڵ·ߣ˼ĴۣһͨѷͨҲٻ÷˷ǰڣֻѷڵ̫󣬼ڵͨҲûд
̤ھͷڵѷٶȼ죬ǧɵӾͬһ˵죬ΪǰоȻϢûƿصĺûٶ̫ɵĺХ
ƽ͸żѷ粻ϵ˸ȥֵָ򣬲˿ķֵǿ֮ǰѷڴ㿴УڳϵǿǵֿģڳȴԼͷ֮˵Ľ°䣬һʹָΪη塣
ϥھͷĬĬܣڵ磬ƺȫȥûκεĲʡ
ŲϵǰУҲ֪˶ãܽټžԶ޵ĺХ
޵ĺХΪ̫Զ֮ʱͺڶߺҲһˣ
ĸоʹеһνѷڲƺʿΪ֮裬ȫëֻǶ˵ȴûаɫ䡣
ƽĬĬעǰͣڳΪʯû֪֪һеʮꡭУʮڼ޿ɲڣѪů
ûѪ⣬ֵ꣬ɢˣǵãڸտʼʱԼǺģȥֱѪĳ֣ů£ӣָǣ˼䡣
ΪѪĴڣſԼֵҵ˷֮˽컯Լĵһ
εڵҲҹ֮󣬵ͨǵ
̾ԽǻǰĻԽ뵽ѪʮĴڣԽǿǷٻ÷޷
ʱֵĻУţѷڵһƺûκα仯ʲôطȫһƬ
Ψһͬģʱ̧ͷȥʱģֵӰԽԽ˿ڵһƬһʿһĻٸͷƤ飬񾪺
̧ͷ֣ȫԪģһĽ˸һ˼žͬǴַϿղϵƬ̼䣬ȻһƬǿ⣬ַԲɣ
âֵɲǣ̱˻춯أ⣬ĿԼ⣬޾УһͷͷӸޣԼΧЩ޵
ƺڹ߼ΪУڵʱɲǣЩңɿĺˡ
ǽɫĴĿâܿͱڰûʹѷڵ磬ٴ
ѷڵ֮һȻȻһ޵ϢϢɢ£ʹ޲ҿʶʹֿһ·ߵ
;ޣ˾Ӧȫ˱ܣȴֵĴڣʹЩޱŰʶŻԽԽᣬȴû̫ӽ
˲ĹʹֿܴڵޣЩ࣬ǰ˾Žףʮϲࡣ
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ǾٶȻӿ죬ֱǰȥܵ޶ʱˣɢһ·ʹþͬǣƿȺѷϵǰ
ѷڵ磬ᵽʱţûа죬еֻһƬڣž룬أĿԽ
Ȼֻܿɣȴķ˴˵صĲͬ룬ڵɫƺЩ仯Ǻɫɫ
ǾǼǰٶԽԽڴƺɫ磬оΪ¡
ڣпܻӾ˿Ҽ룬ǵͷԶԶ뿪֮ǰĴޣҲҼ룬ֻܵûм٣ԽԽЩޣɫ֮ޡ
쳣ȻĿһһ·ʱŲԣƾٶȣȴǰмԼǰеľ룬ķԼڣͨһ֮ΪѷϽıԵ
Ѿʾͨͷܽˡ
ھͷֱ˫ۣĬĬĸܣأϡ˵شһЩĲƺڲ֮ǰʩչͨ
һ·٣ߵǰһЩ룬֪Լһ·ǷȷҲûҵκٻ÷йصѷǰУмɼΪǿϢڣЩϢƺҲ֣ȴûֹ
ڴ˵أһβԼٻ÷ĲⲨǲȴʵĴڣҾʩչʿ
ٻ÷ô˫ۣھһ˫֮£üĺݺݵһ㣬һɴͷʹԪ񷢳ҵ𶯡
ԪУ˵ЩͨƵĲ࣬ʱ˹ı仯ֵУƺһӸı䣬ɫڣǱһƬƬһȡ
¡ת˫Ŀâ棬͵ش͸ڰЩʱ䶯УĿ£ǰһƬޣ£һ£ת
ģƬ޺ҲŤһµŮӰŮɫΪ԰ףϻдĿĵѪһѳ⻷һֻɫıʣмۡ


1296 Х
Ѫɫ˼ΪƤһ㣬˫Ŀûжɣ۵ɲǣͻȻһ޴һӰȻֱǰŮӶȥ
ٽɲǣŮг裬ͻȻֵıӰһ𣬺ȻصŮɫΪ԰ףһѪֱȥǱӰں׷ᣡ
Ť޲ˣһ߽ͬģǲͨиһɲǣ¶һɼ֮ɫ
ٻ÷ǰŮӣձ仯ֻһ۾ϳٻ÷
ӣǲ԰׵ףһֵ̽ģʹʹıһɺȻˣھڴ͸̼֮£Ǿͺ˴Ӳٴǰȥ
һΣٶȸ죬˸ɫѷڣǰУƿ񷣬ֻŲϵ룬ǾΪңǣǼҪ
Ľأ̤֮أ
ûãǾ͸ӾȻĴ̼Ȼͣ־Ľ
һɱĸоһ㣬ɫǾڲϢ󣬲˾֣ֹͣӡ
ûǰУҪȥĿһҪһɫһ䣬̧һУĶʱͳһö壬壬ٻ÷ڡ
һ̶֮ϵѷ죬ٴ˺ٻ÷꣬Ϊһߣ
ֵ˲ϢŤһ£һȭؿڣȫȻһɿµϢȥ˵ľһԾȥֱǰѷĳȥ
ֻǣû˾ѹָһ˷о޺Ȼȴɫڣڵޣ뿪ɲǣȻ١
һͷ㣬ԼɴСޣһǿĳȻͳְڣ˻Уٽ
ٶûаͣ٣ֱǰɵľ룬˲ϢɢǰȭֱһӶ
֮ƴɱ֣һɲأǹһ¶ãȻȴ˲Ϣ䣬һ£̾ͱһƬѪɢ
ӴѪһֱǰֻһʱ޺죬ȴʮͷӸ١
֮أֺһɱһ޷ֹ벽ϵǰ˫裬һͷٵʨޣȻѪ⡣
һǧߣоӸһٽҽһ̤̲ҽж
һ޴֩룬ǧͬСɽſѪڣֵ˲䣬һ֩Ӳ
ǰĲҽԽԽ࣬־ͬһ磬ǰѪ꣬ѷڣɱǰУ
˫˺âͺ֮ٶԽԽ죬֮£ǧȻɨ֮£޶ʱҽкˣں˵;Уȴһӱķ
ֻǵȴ˼ŨѪȣ˸ޣЩǧûϵس֣ǰе֡
ȫɷк¶ǧٵ˲䣬һɫĻȻڷıΪģܷɫ֮һȫҽȼգ׷׻ɻҡ
ɫٶ̫죬ֵҲ̫ͻȻ˿͵ɢ̾ʹǧ⣬ʱһƬ𺣣κޣ
ҽǰһȥٶȾ춯أ¡֮£ǰĳȥ
ֻǶݵļžȴиһηĳȥ˷֣кŨһӣڵУȻصȴƾճֱֶ֣һһͷͷ֪޳
֮ٴλص޵ͬʱٴγһڱһ·֮֮ϣȴһͷͷޣֱӱ
һЩ赲ǰһЩֵײ£ֱײϣһȴ˲Ϣͱײ飡
ѪϢŨһ·ǰУȻûаֻ޿벽ڳһξǰǰʼգ̧ǰһӣ
ȻУһ޴ӡƾճǰӡһûдԪ۶ʹӡ˲Ϣʵ
һӣӡȻֱǰ赲ǰޣӡײ̲ҽж
ѪȣŨ
ֵٶȣȴǸ죬ӡ£ȫʹ񣬽ͨʾľͷ֮
Ȼûָ֮·ǱϢǴ̹Ƕܣ͸壬ƺԪҲ
ӡǱ⺮һ壬ʱ֮ϾȻһƬ裬˲Ϣ䣬Ȼһ޴ӡͣգ
һɲǣƬ˺ϢڣȻһɫϢƾջûһͷͷɢѹޡ
ЩӲͬ˫Ŀ¶׹⣬ȴԶԶĳ֮ǰɱ֮Ǹһַ֣ĳ
һĿȥޣ࣬ޱ޼
˫ɱһԥ̧ǰһ˺ѷ̳֣
ޣ֣
ֻﴫɲǣһ춯صļ޵ޱڣһֻֻȻӴѷ
һֻֻʮֻֻǧֻ
һ˲䣬޺Ȼ֣ܣЩޣĳȥ
ָһХХ죬һɾǿϢڱǰһȥ
ٻ÷ҧ´ɫΪ԰ףûаѪɫֻ½ϣѪĿеķȻȫþǰѳҲԱĴۣΪȡһĻᡣ
ֻ£˾İѷڣ¶ޣ̫̫࣬ôɱҲɱꡭ
ܣҧ´¶ңܣޣЩ죬ΧסһĿ⣬Ҫ˺顣
ٻ÷ԪȻľҩҲ꣬˿ȴһɼᶨʼУ֧ڡ
ǽɫıУһܣֿ޵ĹֻԽӵ֮޷̫ܵ˺
һʮ⣬赲޵ĳ룬
ֻ£ⲻϵزƺʱԱܵвϵײ⣬ԽӾң
ʱһӰӰƿޣھĺХ֮٣ݺݵسϣһ£ͻʹӾ磬ôһ˲ɢ
ÿʱмֻƿ٣ٻ÷ҪĴۣſɽɱ
ֲסˣɢԪĺķѣʹ˿̣;ƿݡ
Ҫȥô֪ǷѾѡûлᣬȥһֻۡǣһУҲڡٻ÷Уˮǰ֮ıϣȴ١
Ҳڡٻ÷ૡ
˫۱ϵɲǣȴһ춯ءǧ֮Ϣһɲٻ÷ĳХȻԶʹٻ÷͵ſ˫ۣŵǴ֮ᣬһ


1297 壡
ֻǣѷأɫģԶԶȥ죬һεıϢͬƣʹƬ磬Ҳĥ䣡
ٻ÷£˫ĿǴХ֮صɲǣ⣬Ǿ޴ıӰȻٽݺݵسϣ
һƬ̵ıʱͷֱٻ÷ȥ
ص˫۾͵һתֱĿԶΣȴԸܵͨ
ͨУϤϢϢٻ÷
һ𣬺ԥֱǴ֮ͨļۣܵ޸ޱ޼ʣϵس˫ͨ죬֮»裬ԪȻۣһƬƬ¡¡ľ죬ڻص
һͷͷޱѪֵٶԽԽ죬޵Ļ£ʹγһ޴ɱ¾У֮ްֻޣ
ֺ˫ۣĳ޲ҽ֮ϵĴԽ
ɱ¾£ֵٶȴﵽ۷壬һԾ֮±޾ĴⱻްΧĻ£ɱһѪ·
ѪѪ֮ζǳأɫƺȾ˰죡֮٣Ƭ̼䣬־Ǵ֮ͨԽԽ˿Ȼĸܵͨڣ΢Ϣƺʱٻ÷پ޴Σգ
ͺԪתģһĿ⣬ֱϿգȻһƬǿַԲʹڵأһɲǣ
˲䣬ֿһĻһ޷ǵĻ棡
⻭棬𣬷˾춯صĺƺľ޴ˣӲһķ񣬺Ȼ䱬
ǰǧ⣬޾޻УһµŮӣ԰׵עԼ¶һЦݡ
ֻЦݣ㣬΢⣬ֻ⣬ȴһ޴ıӰХϡ
ȻǱƿ⣬ֱٻ÷ȥһ£ٻ÷ɣ
ʱһɲǣƻں̧֣ɫ͸ǧľ޴Ӱһָȵ
һ޷ݵĹһ˲أ˿˲Ϣǳٻ÷ıϣ֮صǱٶлȴ޷ס
ٶȻ˲䣬һƬհףΨһͷҪٻ÷ҽ̧ǰһȥ̾вڽ»ص˲Ϣʧԭأޣسɴ磡
Ǿ޴ıӣ̺һƺ޷ֹ֮£ϵͨȻǱֱٻ÷ԽԽԽԽ
ٻ÷޷Կ˿̵ȻҪ;ƿݣӲҲȻ̫ãڵƣȻʹԪ˿̻ŵģֻһ˵־֧š
ڿֵһ̣ٻ÷¶΢Цˣ֮ʱ֣֪ѾްѾѣ㹻ˡ
ۣ䣬ƣƺʮ£ķȫһУһ̣ۼбҪûˡ
ǱȻٽ¡¡֮£ٻ÷еĽɫʣȻһƬâɢǱӰٻ÷壬
Ǳٻ÷ߴ֮ʱȴһһֻƣƾճٻ÷⣬һץסӰӣ
ֵӰ̤ȫ¶֮âվٻ÷ǰͺһɽΪٻ÷赲ŷ꣬赲
ٻ÷֣ϵЦݣᡣֻ˫Ŀȴǽâɢ
ץסǱӵ˲䣬һɴȻǧײ֣ҲӲһѪӣȴûк˰벽ΪһҪȣΪٻ÷Ůӣ
һֻΪһУ£ֶһǷ̫࣬ȥжŮӣ
沿Ǵɲǣڶ֮صͺУץסǱӣǺݺݵһקüĹǵȻûתһɹɹ֮ɲȫ֣йӰûקһͺ
ҶϣУǱץסıӣ˲Ϣкصȴ̾ͱ
ֻɲǣȴһɷĳֱֺɨȻûкˣٻ÷ǰĵֿסѪ˫ȴ¶캮⣡
˭ҲŮӵ
ٻ÷ϵЦݣᣬ֣лл㡭˵仰Ľëر˫ۣƳ˯һ
һ͵ת˼ٻ÷£Ԫתٻ÷ڣһȫӡ
ֻһУ޷ʹ޷ֹıٻ÷ԪȻʼ˥ĻǣҲ˻ɢ壬ҲʧȥһйΨϵЦݣΪּе㡣
㲻¶һθܵԼΣһıһǧǰһŮӣԼȥֻʣ˯Ļǡ
һǧٴο˵ڶŮӣԼǰ绨㣬ڿٵĵл
һ죬ҲˣǷǵãһٻ÷ŮӣдҴ߹
һ죬ҲˣϣԼǵá
¶һ˲䣬Ľڱڲд棬ûѵİˣֻǣزпᣬһθܵ˵ı
Ҳ˵ԼĻ¶̧ٻ÷һ
£
ͨȻûǾ޴ʯ֮Уһɲɣĸо޾һµʣٻ÷ϡ
һɲǣڿȻȻֻǣµͨȴǲֹͣһֹͣٻ÷ͻڼ̵ʱɢӴ֮ؼͬٻ÷Ůӳ֣κһ
̺ͨڲϵԪ£ű˫۵ٻ÷תڵأ¶ɱ
ڴ˿̣кȻĺХȴ޴ıӰȻֺ֣ݺݵس
Զ޾޷ѪֳԶֻԼɵľ޴ޣֵĿ⣬׹˸
ޱ޼ʣȫޣ
ٻ÷Ҵȥֱ˫ַۣüģɲǼ䣬ü֮Ͼһӵķӡ˸
üһץºݺݵһ˺˵߲ʽ磬ӡȫΪһ̣ǧǿ̬չѷڣ


1298 ˺ӡ
Ƿӡ˺Ȼɲǣһ޷ݵǿϢֵںȻ
Ϣ֮ǿγһУԽԽ󣬾Ȼʹ¶֣
˵߲ʽڱַӡʹΪʼͣھԲ֮䣬ѹƣṳ̂һ
£ѷڣΪٻ÷Ϊ˳ŮʮĸΪһΪжӦľԥ˷ӡ
ӡɲǣһľӣһ˲䣬Ƭɢǵ֮˿ڴ죬˲ϢΪ˴˿Ψһ
һ޺ȫѹ£ڶ޺ɢϢļͷޣҲȫƺһɼΪǿһ̴˷٣۹ȥ
ڵ˸Х޴ıӰҲһɲǣͣһ£ֱ̼ۣܿ֡
ֻǣӰһǰһٽ˲䣬һ޷ݵϢȻʹڱϢ񣬱ɲǾγһ޴Укɨ¡¡ľ졣
ֵͺڴӰһһУͺȻڶӰеɲǣٴαһֻץס
ȫɢΪΣյϢһͷ׷޷Զֺݺݵץűӣֱٻ÷˫¶⡣
羵ӱһ̸ΪңһҪڼϴǿϢԽӾҡ
ڵԪתһ˲䣬޾Ԫϵӿ룬ֱڶԪϵ£˶һʿ˵ΪѶȹż
ӾԲһ̤
ɲǣصһУȫı䣬ԪΪĳڣ췢һ
𣡣
춯أǳԽһһ˷ɢǺ¡¡ǻصϣγһɻ֮
УһȦޣ׷Ѫһҽ֮£ȻһεѪ
Ϊ˵ģѪһٴαܰΧֵޣһȦȦΪѪ⣡
Ȼɱ¾ɱ
ѷ쵮ִ֮ΧɱΪһޱΧޣҲ¶־壬׷˺
˵һĻͬجΣ£جȴûнǸոտʼ
ͻƾԲɹ̤ΪʿһУȴֵյ㣬ǵûȫɢʮڵڵĸҲһ˲䣬
ڵϢһκȻɢԽԽǿԽԽһжǵʯ䷢˿̱֮£Ȼʹڣһٳڣ
ѷڹ죬پȻ޷֣˿ֶȻ˲Ϣͱٽ٣һε٣֮Ҫǿ
ǰҪԵһ٣
Ϊﵽڵ˲䣬к⾪죬ǰһȥƶɲǣ⻷ƵԪɵУȻγһ޷ݵĳܺɨ
䣡
£һͷͷ޸޷ܿ׷ױѪȵζУŨŨ
־ͬһɱǰץǱӣݺݵһקſڱһѪ⣬Ѫ⻯һѰƴСѪž춯صƣ˳űӣֱͷޣ
һ죬ƺض˾ҵĲ
زУһƺߣڴǱӸǱɢӰ
ѪһѪɻأ֮һΰѪҺѪڽתֱٻ÷ɱ˸һӣȻкڷХȴǺֶ֮γɰܣ
ǰУܲдٴγ˴ΧǰѪڴһ˿񣬴֮ոһͷͷ֮
Ǵ˵سѪȣѪƼΪ˷ܣɱ¾зĽͬѪһ㣬۶ߣ䴩͸ޣ̾һȫѪҺʧήңת۾ͳΪһƬǡ
ѪϵѪ⣬ȴԽԽŨֱХзƴŻƺɱ¾˷ܵʹҪƺѾܾúܾãûչɱ¾
Ųϵɱ¾ѪϢȻıȴԽԽ
ޣǱѪȴ̼һ춯ص˻ηĳܵչɱ
ѷڣްΧ֣ƾѪڵΪӲɱһѪ·
ȫѾΪѪɫĽŲȴûаϢͣ٣ɱ¾£ʱ䲻ϵţ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãܵԽԽ٣ȴɱ¾£ˣѷڣӵ֮Ψһµģ֮ͬΪߵϢκ࣬ʿΪǿҲǾ£ἤԽԽŨ档
ֵۣɱ¾£ǵһΣˣ
֪жޣⳡɱ¾֮ͨ£Լǲ壬ǰأȫޣֻ֪Ҫɱɱɱ
ҪɱһѪ·Ҫٻ÷Ҫ߳ѷ磬ɭĴڣȥ⣬ȥѰƺٻ÷йϵģε𣡣
ε߲ʽٻ÷Ϊֵ֣ǣٻ÷¶ݣȴǴ²³һЩ
εΪȻԾٻ÷ΨһϣǷǣҲҪٻ÷ȥ
Ƿٻ÷ģҪȥ
ѷڣ̺ű䰵ɫڣƯѪһ߾߲Ƶʬ壬ٲȻΪ޵ѪŨһճγһƬѪ
Ѫڣ޴˿ֻʣǧʣµǧޣȴһɷ֮ԶԶسԽڷ֮ޣ
ڷ磬޵£֮ɱѰ޲̫ս˵谭Ľ
пѷڣȴɱ¾УΪ޵ѪԣǴߣǲбޱȣ
˻죬޴Ŀʹһпߣ𶯣Į˫Ŀӣð
⣬ѪڵѪǴߣѪתѪ⣬ΪĿâХɢһɾ棡ƺһ꣬Ѫˡ
Բǧ⣬˿ֻʣѪκѷ޸̤벽ȫΧ־֡
ʱͻȻѷУ̾һХ̶ȴǾŵӰȻ֣˷ֱ֡
һɲǣһ޴Ӱ޵Ͽգһֻžβ͵ľ޴ЫӣЫԼɣӣɢѹ
ʵʣãǰһ¡沿Ы·Ůӣ߳˫Ŀǻһ˿ѪֱĶ֡
ΪԶŵѪǺˣ


1299 ʮ
ʮ׻ޣվѪڣĿһЫӰĺŮӡһ۾ϳŮӾʿΪﵽһ̶ȣԴɱ˵Ĵڡ
Ǳٻ÷ıӰŮβЫɣûЫӣٻ÷Ȼ˼أԼֵֵĵ
ڿŮЫӰ˲䣬¶ɱһ۾ͿԷܻΣΪȴǽ൱ʿе˵ڶ˥ͲشԷĻһΣֱѪڻһӰǺŮȥ
һɲǣѪɨ˲Ϣߣһסǰݺݵһն
ǺŮɫһ䣬֮ǰѪˣ˿ˣ˫һӣȻǾ޴ЫӰ͵һ𣬺Х죬ȴǾЫβͬʱ˦ƾһֱֳ
ɫûаͣ٣ѪɨһƬѪ⽣â̶ļХǽâڴǾβӰȥ
֮ȻѪ⽣âɢ˵ѪʹѪ𣬻һѪɫУɨǾҵ£ӰȻ
ѪһѪ޼᲻ݣ˸֮£ֱնӰʣµٽֵɲǣִһ˦Ԫתڹ֮һɾ춯صĿ磬Ӱײ
صӰ
˷ӡ˵ΪΪڴͨʿ֣޼ڹ֮֮ǻָΪǹ񣬾ǵǣҲȻ˳Ρ
ټǱѪĹѪִ˿ܷӳս˵ˮһս֮ʱ
̺ԴȻѣɢıԴ֮ȴʱ޿̶ǿ󣬿˵µ֣ǧ޵Уǿ֮ʱ
˵ڵ֣̤ǿһУڽڽ⣬ԳΪһ
ʮ׻ޣʲôʸңʲôʸѪһƬͷƺҲѪӳ죬ͬһѪɫǣֱǺŮӣ
ŮɫΪ԰ף¶𾪣ΪѲǰѪȴǿǰʿ˵Ϊߣȴ֪ΪΣӵɱԼ֮
ۿǰٽŮ̺ˣ˫֮£̧һӣȴ̾ͳһڵıӣӲӰʵʣϳ̣ڱĩˣеһ㡣
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ЦǰһӣѪ˷ܵĻѪֱǰնǱӣͬʱ̧ǰһԪۣĿֱָָ֮ϣһһȥ˱ٻ÷޷ֳ֣ʩչѧ³ӵͨ
Ԫ֮˲Ϣ̺һ޷ݵĻ֮ڸй֮һ£Ůӣֱ̺ͨӳ
֮УǱĳӡĿ֮âͬһ̫㣬ǺŮӡ
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˺Уſ˺ѣ¶ѩ׼ͬʱȴһ̴ڣ̺һֻ޴Ыӡ
˿ںУЫƿ壬˳ɲǣӡ׷٣ֱӡѪڣ˾ҽС
һ˲䣬ѪɨЫβӸ޷ֹȻһնϣ˿
Ůӵһսȴǳ׵׵ĴѹԵǿƣǺŮӸûз֮ƺǰֻˣˣˣ
Զµ£ɱңɱȫ壡ڼۺ˵ѪзĴȴûʹа˲Խӿٵ׷ȥ
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Ȼ𣬵ȴµɲǣĿһӲɶһ£˳Ӻ˵ɲǣѪһɳɨ澪𣬵ѪڣŮȻڡ
һ˶ĺɫЫӣȻ֣ЫӱֻɴСȴڳֵɲǣıԽԽԽԽת֮£ͳΪɣ
ЫӰصʿԪλ໥ص˲䣬һȷ
Ыӵͷ˿̸Ѫ䶯ȴǻһǺŮӣԹĶ֣ļХ
ʵʵЫβǻӶд֮ʹ޶ҪһżХԹ޴Ыֱ֣˾Ыβ֮⣬ֻ޴Ыǯֱֶ
Ǿ޴Ыǰϣ΢ɫȴ糣üһģǵȻûת
ת֮鴫ȫʹȫϵӳѪͣӱʮɡɡ˲Ϣ䣬ʹﵽ˽ǧɴС
ֲڵƤ춯صѹǲɣϢһ̣֮У
񣡣üĵǵ֮ŮĿ¶޷ĺȻ
˫ۺ̺ǿգ͸֮âٻ÷סģӴǰ͵һ̤ȥȭǰȻһӡ
֮£Ǿ޴Ы̾ӺƱһԣЫǯһ𣬷ҵ֮ȴϳѷ죡
ʹʹЫϻû¶ʹ֮ɫ
ûͣ٣ٴγ˲Ϣ׷Ǿ޴ЫӣһΣֱ̤Ыӱϣ·ȥ
䣡
ЫӴҽУֻЫǯȻѪ֮£ǾЫβɲǣֺݺһץֱץסһ̤ԾЫβץסԾڹĴ£޷ѣק
ֶЫ޺֮ǣ˿ק£ֱǰȻ£֮صЫ̫󣬴˿̱ץסֱԶĴȺϣһƬ
һлûн־Ȼץ޴Ыβͣקֱǰ۶ȥһ·߹ϵ£Ȼƿ޾޵İΧ
Щ޿ֵĿ⣬־֮ɫ޷ݣͬʮһ㣬ֻٶȱȲ֣Ǵ˿л޴Ыӣһ·УϣЫӱһδε£ȴԽӵҽУҲ΢
ܵޣһ̾ҵֱЫӣ¶֮ɫ


1300 ̳
Ҫۣ䣬ץЫһ£һЫӱץסβͣʱ˺ѣЫӴӣȻУȫѣѪ
µɲǣҵ˻ĳٽЫӺ޴Ŀݺݵ˳Ыϵѷ죬ֱӴڣ͵һɫ¶˷ܡ
֮ʣǧ޸һȻͰЫȫƣһĿ룬
ЫӵĲҽٴеһֻ΢˿޷ֹǧͬʱ֮
һĻֿҲɵͷƤ顣
ҲϢ䣬ЫӵѸٿήȫѪҺȫʧȥ⣬Ҳȫɢߡ
˻¶ϲ֮ɫӲ֮£ȻΪµǧޣͬʱ˷ܵ˻
Ʒ޵ѪҺھõ˷˿͵ɢ׷ܵɢޣһ׷ϣȺƷһ룬ϵѪҺ
ջؿ޵Ŀ⣬Ǿ޴ЫʬǰһӣֱӰµЫβ˺£ЫβһſһԪɫ棬Ȼȼ
ȼգֵĿһ˸ϵ£Ƭ̼䣬ǾЫβںϳһ봢ѷ졣
ȭֱӺЫͷͷ¶һȭͷСĺڵǺڵڣǺŮӵ˸¶֡
ʮޣܻΣͬӵҲԪڡ
ǺڵŮӵľУסڵ˫¶⣬ʶֱӺȻɢֱڵ֣ƿһУŮԪչ
أֿ⻯ʮЫӵһǰЫӱֻ߽ףȴżȻбһŮӿŮֵЫϣһӡ˵һ仰
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ŮӰģӣЫӵļУŮӼ侴η
ţڲϵ£Ŀ˸֪ѷڣʮֻɻεޡ
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ջʶĬˣ֮ͨ²Ľ⣬һ֮ء
֪ΪΣʶǺڵջصɲǣЫӵļвֳ֪˵ڷɽǾ޴ѷ죬ѷڵ磬һƬ磬޴ڡ
طǷһЩϵֳ꣬ȥ£תŴ˵ѷ֮ǰĳڣ۶ȥ
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ѷڣһʼΧ֣£ȴǰУȡһͷͷޣⲻϵɱ¾£ѷڣԽӿٵļۣ
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ֻǷ֮ǰһΣȴûжٰտƿ
ѷûн٣ȴǿԸܵһѷ죬پͻ̽٣֮ʹƿǷ󣡡˫۾һٶȸ졣
߹˴·;ֻ費ʱͿٽڵɲǣһѷڣƮҡ
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ƽֵȴ̫ͻȻ֣֮ǰҲû˿еɲǣֹͣת
󣬲֪ʱһŮӣŮһ£òޣƽ֣˫Ŀ̺ǳƺεУһĿۡ
Ҫʲôɫ糣˫ͫȴһץȻ죬Ѫû
ŮĿѪϣ¶֮âϵѽ˹ɻʡ񣬵ҲԷӴ˽ܡ
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ĪҪţұˣǰ˵˥ٵΪȴδס㣬ҲΪУŮ·˿
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ΪԲٿǰѵ˹ɻʵѪ
ΪϤ֮˵ϢҲϿɣ
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ɫ糣˼
ŮЦһӣ̱һƬ׹˸Ʈ֡
ִ壬κεطѷڣҲͨ˲Ϣȥڣҵ㵽Ů˵꣬תȥƺ٣ֻΪͳö塣
ӹ壬Ůȥķüͷٴ
˵ʲôĿģǹ̳ʲôĴڡ
Ĭʶɨںܼ򵥣ֻһֻṹΪӣֶڽƵ˽⣬ȴǿ沢ա
һֳһڣâһһʧѷڡ
ȷްѹ¶Ůӵɻâ˸Уʧ
ȥɲǣѷڲһƬڵУһεĺɫᾧᾧԼʮɴСƱһ㣬ڲϥһŮӡ
Ůӽë˫ۣĿ͸ᾧޣ֪Щʲô


1301 
ƺڣѷ֮⣬˿ǧʿȻܣ˴ϥָԪ˫ʱʱɨڵѷ졣
Ѿϰߣ˶ȹ˶ꡣ
֮ˣҲͬϥԶĿѷɨ
ֽѷ죬Ѿȥ˽һµʱ䣬ʿ˵һ¼ݡһ붨пȥ
ֻ£ܵʿ֮ˣû˼õ붨ΪԭϤѷ죬һ£ļΪ
ѷڣ̫ˣ˿£ƺΪ˼ΪҪ֪ƽʱѷ᲻ϵ޳ͺڣȴǼž
˵Ҳˣѷ첻ž˿˿Ѫ֮Ѫ֮ܺܵȴʼղϣѷڣһ춯صɱ¾ɱ¾Χ̫ʹѷڵȫ磬Ϊ˵
ѷڵļžѪ֮ڴ˲䣬һεѹѹԽԽŨѹѷǧʿϣʹˣ˼붨
ʱͻȻѷһâһâֵɲǣʿ׷Ŀۣâѷ죬âһɢһߵӰߣǧʿ֮һ
ǰǱѷ̽龿Ϊûֹ˵˶֪ѷڣ׷ʲô顣
ߴ˿̻ɫд޷ţкȻĿ־֮ɫ沿Ŀ۹˲䣬ɳƣڡ
ȫʬ壡޵ʬ壬֧飬ѷһɳƶƮûн̫ŨŨѪȣܸܵѷ̫࣬γѪ
ޣ׶У޴ڡȫһ
ߵĻʹʿ׷ɫ䣬ܶЩ²⣬µõȷϺЩʿȻ
һжȻһǰѰٻ÷ǸʿɣΪĪ⣬Ȼѷսɱ٣ֻǡֻһ̫˼飬ΪٸߣҲֻһˣɱ¾
ڳ϶ʿĶ֣ж°ˣΪ֮ǿԾ죬ȴΪһɣϾѷڵ̫࣬һ֮ɱ¾֮࣡
пѷµһͷޣֳ˻ޣ֮Ҳʱ໥ɱ˵صĻΪ
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ˣҲɫأһҪóڣһɲǣͻȻѷǿգ˾䣡
ڵǿգ貵ƣ΢âһƬɫӰߣڴ˵ʿУǿյһжɼ
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٣ǡ٣
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ڲӦ֮ˣ֮ްϷҪ˭Ȼ٣Ŀ棬ƴ͸գֱӿѷս
Ʋɢ̶̵ʱڣѾȫѾŽ֣ŨŨһпʿ𺳡
ⲻϵɢУڴ򿪵ͨһȱڣΧ˺ѣӴİ¥Ȼһ룡
ڵ̫ϳϣ۵Ŀ¶һİ¥Ǹ¥ϣһϥĵ񣬵ǰʯ


1302 ֻ
֮һɲǣĴƲڴһϣ˷֮¾ȻһγԽԽǿҵĺ֮
֮ǿȻ޷ݣ£ǿվҵĲ޴
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˹˹һ̣ٵһĻпʿ˲ĥӡ
ǳƲӡһΪֹһƿӡΪͻͽ
ԽԽңǿղѷǴ˺֮Ƭ̺ƲڲϴȻŽ򣬸˽Ҳţ
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䣡
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Ŀ⴩͸Ʋ㣬ĿƲڣͨһȱУ˴İ¥Ǹ¥ϥĵԼǰʯ
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ɫأɫ齣ٽɲǣ̧ǰһָָֻ֮¹Ӱ˸֮бǧ֮£ǧδɢǲϵ֮£ǧһֱɫ齣ȥ
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˫ͫףɫΪأһӣѪѪ̳У


1303 
ѪѷڶѪҺѪ˿һʱѪ죬أǿϷĹƲ㣬·ӳմ͸
Ѫ֣˫¶⣬ʯѷɫֱֶɲǣѪǰһն
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Ѫ˿𣬽һ޷ݵ棬ֱ׷ȥ
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Ѫӵ飬˿̽żХƺԲɫ֮˷ŭ
һжǵʯ䣬һüĹǵ㼱תת޵ɲǣʳָʱüģƿƤ⣬һѪ
ѪԪѪǹǵڹ֮˿һ˲ϢֱѪȥѪѪ̱ѹѪŨ
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Ψмľ֮ƾǿΪһ߳
֮ƿߣȴǴδй֣ǵһ


1304 Ź
ɽƬ˸ķ⣬ֲϵѹ£ǺصɫԽӲ԰ףɫȴûа仯ɽŷһ
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ɫ԰ףԪҪʱ޿̶Ϊٻ÷ṩ֮ͨҪϵرƳھŹǺۣ
˿֮žŹҪǿ̫İԣɵͫ׼
ǰγɵķ֣ÿһת̺İ̬˲Ϣı䣬޷켣֮죬ɲǾͺȻٽѹ£
Σʱ̣ͷзƽ˷ϣ
֮Ҵ㵽˷ɳ֣


1305 Ϊ٣Ϊ컯
ֻǽڣ˷֮ڻʱǷ֮ԣĹޣ
ҲˣֶƿһЩգ˽֮⣬һ֣
˿ݵɲǣԪڱѾɢӣͻȻֵ֣һ˲䣬һöڻûֱӴֵ壬ڷɳ
ֵɲǣغ޶Ϊ֮һǰ٣ɵ
ڴڣΪĪ̫ϳϣʶһֱӣ۲ٵͬʱҲӦ֮ˣ˿ڿ˲䣬Ȼһ¡
˫͵¶޷ŵ𺳣
壡Ȼ壡ĪָĴ˲ɣȻ޵꣬ж֮ʱ£ȴ𺳣ɫ̺󣬼Ϊ
˼ǰһȥȻƿ˴ֱӳǿգһ޷ԡ
ٵ˲䣬âƣ޾һŲȻû֧ض
ĳ֣޾ҵĲǰ̾ͱһ֣֮Ȼֹһж
̫ޣϽ¶һŲϵ
̫ϳɫǾ¶˵Ĺ
ֵɲǣƺŽڣȴȻˣڵˮӣԭɫڱչ֮زϵһɲǣȴһ͵ؿԶ¶־֮ɫ
ˣ
ǹûľǹ֮˲Ϣ䣬ɫһ䣬Զɫ粻
֮
ǿУȴ˲һ٣¶֮ɫңңĿԶ˼
УǾϻû͸ɣϢĿ⣬ĬĬĿܣ˷
ã̾һ˲ƣ

ڣ̫ϳɫһģƻص˵꣬ԥĹڡ
ҵƺȫӭӡĽսһзߣɱ
̫ϳһ͵̧ͷ˫¶⣬
ҷ֮ƺȥѰӡɼӡսˣǣԼˡ
Ҫٶȣȫϣ׵Ĵɽһӭӡ֮Ĵս
̫ϳɫ
ǾϲϵԶ֮ūȫд£Ϸ㲻ɱ㡭
ڣˮӲͷˮڳ̹ڵϣͷ
㵱ӽΪͽˣ˿ƻָΪ˾ǹԼ֮£ҲУ
ǹӰĿһĬƬ̣˵ͷԶ޷⣬̫ǳĿ⣬Ӱ͸⡣
Ǿϵ˵һ󣬴ĿһۣڣΪ٣Ϊ컯Щ飬ҰԶɹ޷ֱ˵Ϊ֮٣Զ֮ɻʣҲ١
٣̫ţسԵ٣ֻС٣Ǵ٣ǿһ֮١˵ţı˫ۣǾȻɢ֮С
Ψ壬⣬֮ϣµɲǣȻ𶯣Ϲâ˸һѸٻûƺڲϵĵֿ
̺ȴǼΪ죬Ļɫ˿ߣ˳Űķ󣬲ϵʧӰ
ɫ˿ɢ˲䣬Ǳͣ˰յİԷ֣ȻһӾֹ״̬жȹžĺХٴٽ֡
Ϊ٣Ϊ컯֮١١Ŀ˸ٵİԷ֣˫ȴԽԽյһЩʲôȴȷ
ĿǰΪĪҪȥ֮ΪԴ򡭡ˮĻ߻ص
ǰԷֺȻٽٶԽԽ죬ֱֶɫٱ仯ǰԷ˲䣬¶˾
ƴˣֵͺз˵ֿǰԷֺȻ٣ֱӡȫ̱˸ģ͸ƤֱѪ֮ڣ
̺أԳ磬ӡϣ̾ͻ˹ǿʹȫڵѪǰԷĸŹ໥ӳγ޷ķӡ
ֵڣչ˷ƻ
Ϊ񣬻ָˣŹԵĹ£ĵͺȫ𣬿ٵĻָ
ֻǰԼΪ죬ںȻһ䣬ȴǳΪ˰˰ʮĹңڲϵر仯Уˮɽٱ任γһٶʮ˹ңٴһ䣬ȴ޾
֮ڲϵشǧӸǱһӡѪȫ
Ź֮޷ûи٣ɫǿѷڵУ˵ͺ
дȴߵĿ֮âȻ˸ߵâǹ⣡
ǹ貣е˲䣬Ȼ߸ǣǣŹʯ
߸ǣǹ˸˱֮
Ź֮Ϊԣ֮ΪǱࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢ҡǣ
ǡģɲǣ֮â˸͸ޣ͸ǿգƺȡһǹ⣬һ˲䣬һǿڵйâȴȱգһɾ춯صɷ
ɷǱɷ
ΪɱΪɷǱǷӡɱ٣ٽǹ֮£ȻͻߵǺֱۣ֣߰ɱִ͸
һ˲䣬ģصһ
ϡ
˻ϣϱ¶ϱ£˻ĲУǴĵһзλ
֮£֮ûκ·ԪҲ޷ӶݣǷ֮УΨһս
ϱ£λ̾޴Ĺ׻û֣ײ
ҲͰˣ֮ģȻһδ
С
ľˮ֮˵ЩصȴԲͬУصһ֣Уѣ
˿̻ﴫȻ䣬ڣâƾճ֣޴ӡӡֱ˽ľˮ
ӡӵпֵ֮ɲǣ̺޼᲻֮ľӡϢвϵתγ޷ݵ֮
ˮӡӡˣ̺ˮ֮۷壬ˮ޾棬޴ӡ֣
ӡӡƴأ֮ңĳ֣ƺǿһд֮ȫۣһֲɴݻٵǿϢ


1306 
ǡϡںһγɵ֮ԻһУɫ԰ףȴԽԽ
ס֮ĻΪ٣Ϊ컯
ΪޣŹԡǡ֮͡󣬶ȻġҲ֪ǺΣ
Ӿܱ֮һһĪǾ֮٣ҲǼڣȻĶȴʮȷֻƴһΣֿۿһһǷѾõļģ
ǺȻٽԶ̫ϳɫ任˵ûἰǰӦ֮˵ݣĻϵѰ
ĿһӾҪȥֶȽ٣Ϊ俹ǽѣ
ǰ˽٣һ˶Կֵ̫ϳһ٣һɲǣٽ
ǴɱȻ٣ߵǹȻϣ֮£ѪԪ𶯣ȥѪɫȴ̧ͷЦ
ɲǣ̾͸ܵڰԾ֮ϵ˴ת֮£Ȼ˸ΪҪȫ
֮£ȴܵһ˿ϢڼΪϤ֮ʱ£
ڸܵһ˿֮ܲϲܲЦܴ˿ˣҪȻЦ˫̧һӣ˷ףȻײϡ
֮ٴξȫѪģٻ÷ĵطȴǱȫǹǿĳ̶ȣ޷ݣĴ£ȻڷĻָ
ףײ֮ڣ̾ǡԡŹΪһ壬ֵԪڱԪ񣬱ȴڣûɢ
˫ۻɢĿȴȻᶨһӣóĵҩ£ڵҩڵɲǣӡ٣
ӡٵɲǣ˫¶⣬ȵãһ̣֮£ǰȻһſֱӾ֮ӡ
֮֮Ԫ񣡡֮Уһ˻ӡ޾ĻڣγһֱӺɨԪֵԪ֮£Ȼµڸл֮Դ֣γлԪڲϵת£ջӡ֮
ͬʱľˮĴӡȻٽֵϣĵĺۼֱӳڣչ˱
ףҺֵͺ֮£֮ڵİ֮ӡ̳˷ѣȴң׹Ҿֲٿأֱӡչ˶Կ
һֱأ˿̱ȴǳٵϣڹľ˻ָǿΪڰлӡİ£Ȼĵֿסеı
ھŹԡǡϡУδ
ûУֲȥѪ̧ͷУ
󡭡ģ͸ϲޱ֮⣬ڻشֵĻؼص
ںȻ޺ȴһ֮һɫȸž˻
һƬɷȴһͷ׻̤ڰ׻֮󣬸
飡
ԭȸλ¶⣬Ц̧һָеȸȸͨһ˻죬ȴǳ飬ֱֶ
˲Ϣ٣⻷ƣ˷ܵ˻ͬʱֵĹϣҲͬȸ֮ƻû໥ӳ֮£ȸֱӳڣ̾л
˰лӡȸ֮ڵĻ棬Ȼ˲˼۷壡
ȸΣÿһεľѣʹԻ֮ͻͽıξ֮Ȼ֮ƿأﵽ˲˼ľ磬˱Դ
һлͨǰҪ
л֮ʿǿʿڵĻͨɱڻּ䣬ǱԴ֮󣬿˵ֶڻĲٿأȻ˼ޣ⼫ޣȴָʵ
𣬷Ϊ֣һΪʵ֮ڶࡣһ֣𣬴˻أԶԶʵ𣬳ǰʵ޵˼ޣϲ𾳽磡
ŭ𣬾һ֣ûʵʵӣȴԳһл֮һֵһ־񣬸һ⾳
ֿʹȸĴɱ䣬Ĵξѣﵽ𾳽磬ôûл֮ͨˣҲᱻȼŭŭ
һл棬֮ǿŭŭ˶УΣȴڣһȼգݲסɣ
˿̣ڲͬĻ־ĴξѣȻֻһ˿Ϳɳʵķ룬ﵽľ磡
ȸ˻ڣȫ޸Ԫʹ㹻ȥӭ٣
ֻ˹һĹԽԽǿ˿ģٴλصأ䣬ϲޱ
š
ţ졢ءˣӦǣΪգΪ£Ϊǣ޺Ȼһ䣬ƳΪ˻磬һƬģ
Ϊ֮ɢ޾֮һ֮ڣƺƵϣ
ǵΪ̺֮֮Ȼͬĩ֮չ֮У
Ϊ֮磬ȴ۳һִδĹڳĩ֮֮âֱ١
̺֮޷˼飬ԻһУ
ǡģȻٴ𣬱صͬʱٳ
ǣ֮֮ͬҲ֮ؼһдڣ޲ڣν󻯾Ź໥ӳģγһɾ֮һ޴̫ͼ֮С
̫ΪĻûһ֣ͷתصȻֱֶ
ͬʱ֮ٽȻֿӵУ˲Ϣ٣֮⴩͸üģ֮⴩͸ؿڣ֮⣬ֳķݣͨ֫
һ˲䣬̫Ȼٽ⣬ں¡¡ľ£ֱӸȫ
֮صǹҲܲסԵѪģѪֻٻ÷ȴûյ˿˺٣ֻһ˶ɱߺᣡ
һ١֮𡭡Ҫ˲䣬ģػصأֵɲǣ޺ƻâƾճ֡
ŹԡǡϡСšͳͳ֣˴˻֮£Ȼڣһ֮
⣬Ǽ
־ˣĵģ⾳ȴȻڣ˿̣ͬ䣡ڣȻȻҲ٣û˾Ź֮࣡
ڣҲм


1307 󷨣

޾Źûſǿʯųͼڣ˸˴תڣɢɷ
֮ڣϹɢת
ӣڲ˻ȴ˴˻ƣÿתһ£Ȧ֮ת
֮죬ڵޣڹâ֮Уŵģǳ֣
γ̫֮ͼ֮תһתΧ٣ȫתתԽԽ죬켣ǣκһٵתٲͬǵŹ٣˰˸Уڲͬת֮Уȴǹںһ
¡¡£תλõ̫ͼڣһ֮âȻǹâûɫȴһɼĸоһ֮һ֮

ͬʱֵҲȻתȴǾŹԵȵһڵ٣һһͼͬĵ̫ͼڣ
⼫ɲǣֵֹͣ˱Ԫֹͣɢһжֹ֣˫ۣ
˫ڿصɲǣкɫͫڷ˸ִĺɫ磬Ѿһǧ꣬ûٳУ
ȫ׷޷ԶȴǴӷһƬâ˳ŷ˿ӣֻ˲䣬ͷ׷ȻΪ˺ɫ
ֺ죬Ѫ죡
˫ۺɫԽԽңһɷȻ٣
Ī֮صľģ£УٳΨһļɲǣڣٴεʧȥѾõļ
˲䣬ɾŹͼڣֵļХһɫ磬ֱ١
ٵɲǣ쳤Ц˫ۺɫȻ֮ϣֱ֮ݺݵץȥһץס
ǻԵڴڵɲǣӺˣֱӿ˷ϣȻϤ˼Ϊý飬֮ȫ˷֮ϡ
󷨺¡ȻûҪչȴһ˲䣬ͻȻ˴ɫ˿ߣ֮£ʹЩ龹Ȼ޷ó
֮˳˷ϣ󷨾ҵĲ˸֮âȥͺһŴֵĺУһ޴Ĺİ޵
˫Ŀɫ˸֮£ŷȻȴڵļ뿪壬ֱȥ
Ĺ֮֮һ˲Ϊһϣչ޷ݵĳ
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֮ϣɲǣֵǱ״̾ͳ˱ļޣȴǱĴһϸ΢ȱڣ
ȱڳֵ˲䣬ϴХȴǱɭϳ֮֮Ŀ󸫣Ȼû
ֵɲǣϵɫ˿ߺȻ֮Ǵ󸫶Կ
ߣȴʱڣȻ֮ɣص˲䣬ϵȱڣٴα˺һЩ¶һͨ˵ѷ죡
ֺԥСˣֱٻ÷ֱӻ磬ȱڣݺݵس˳ȥ
չǰģһƬİǿգ̫ǳԶٿĿɿڴİʿ
Щʿ̫ǳ֮
˲䣬ǹһĿ޸Ȼ˿ľ£Ȼһңңָڷ򣬸ºݺݵһն
һն֮ʣһ츫âȻضֱ˲Ϣ٣
ҹһ巨ɫǸâһ
Ǹâٽɲǣһջ˸ֱӴؿڴ͸
ѪֵؿȻͳһ޴˿ڣɫ԰ףѪ±˵˿ֱ⸫âɨȴϼˣԪ񣬸ǱҪɢǸâ̺˹Ϣȴʹ˿޷ϣ
ѪϵУֵȫѣ˫ۻɢȴĶǷļۡ
˿̣Ƿ֮ǰֳȱڣȴѸϣϵطӡ֮£ûκΨϵɫ˿ߣĳ֮ǰȱ֮һ㣡
ǿ޸ڷңңĶ֣飬ڿһ㣬֮Ǿ޸ɢڣʧ
˼Ҫԣĺ˵ɲǣԶЩػ̫ǳ֮ޣһĿɿڴоѹֵĿ⣬͸ɱ
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˵֮ɱ¾һ
ɱ˴ӽڳȻˣ
ɱ˴ˣȥжʹͣ
Ѿ֮ˣ˿̾Ҫɱ
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ЩʿУΪȣҲǾڴԲ
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ǣ֮£弫Ϊ˫ȴǺһǽ⣬δ̫ǳ߲ʽ翴һĻĻУȱһҪ̤֮أ
һգᱲ֮ˣؽƿ󷨣Ѫɺӣ
ǰŭһ̣ĻصֶУкԽԽŨǰİ򣬿һ󽥽ʧķһ֮ڽ֮˵
ЩʿԽԽ˲Ϣ٣һףһ̺ײɱ¾Ŀ⣬ֵС
Ŀһؿ£ƽĿ󷨣
ˮɽڸһ֣ͬһɱ¾ÿһɱʿȫԪ̣ѪⱻɣȫһжΪˮ˻ָΪ֣
̵ֲͨţˮԴһ֣δκˣأڽ⣬ֲпߣΨˮˣ
ʲôħ
˿ִһʩչ˲ϢήƳΪãһɷϢڱؿڵ˺ۣȻҲ䶯ʹѪҺ
Щ֮ٵɲǣ֮Цصһȴ˲ϢͻһƬֱӾǰһʿڣʿ̷ĲҽУ춯أ޷ݵĿ־壡
ʿУһɫ䣡
˲ƶʧǷűʿֱӳΪƤһ㣬˫һƬɫдľ֣ȫɢǺȻ
Щʿ˵جΣֻǸոս
⣬Էسɴ磬ʩչ󷨵֣ǵجΣ
һ⾻ʿȻ֣δüͷ̺һʹȴûĺֱӳڣֵĲҽ֮УͣƬ̣ͱ׵ĳű
Ѫجοʼ


1308 ɭ
ȫͱűʿȫѪѪҺһۻһƬʿĺա
ͬʿԪҲȫɵĸɸɾ
ǰҽУⰲǿУ춯أ˺Զ
󣡣Щʿľ֮ʱһȴһԲ߿кЩʿһ̺ˣ˴˫Ȼüľвͬӡ˸
Բߺɲǣɫ̴䣬ӼˣȴƬ֮ǰűʿХоʧأӰ٣
ԲߺԥȫԪת͵ر̾һ˻壬¡¡ľ죬Ϊܺɨ
ˣɢΪҽӡĽӽλû˵ֻ꣬УȻ֣ǺڣȻĿ⴩͸Ŀ̺˺ɫ磬̺һ֮˲Ϣ䣬ȻʹǿһƬ£
Ǻɫһɲǣ˴˵ʿĿ⣬ǺɫѪ缫ΪΨһ㣡
Բߣ˫ͫڱӳյͬ˺ɫ磬Ȼ䣬Ǻɫ紩͸Բ˼ٶȣֱ߶ȥ
ߵͺǰȥӷĺˣؿһץȴһ޴ĹƳǰ
Σδ̵ڷȫȫǺɫ㣬ǿ㣬ʿ࣬һ˲䣬ȴֶһ˵ĸо
һǿաһءһʿȫһɲʧߵУֻǺɫ磬Ľӽ
̺ȫΪȥУ̾лԪһƬƬʮɫͨͼֹǺɫ磬ֻ֮ǿԶԶس˵Ԥϣ
һ֮£صȴЩʩչֹͨʸûУһǺɫ磬̱ǺɫֱӴ͸ٽǰĹƣ
ӡң˫ַڶϣ沿ֻǻû仰£Ǻɫһ¾һ
֮һ˲䣬صǿգÿһʿУǴһУн¶޷ݵĿ־뺧Ȼ
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ƱУǺɫ뵽üģһ˫кѪ£˲УڱǺɫһ·Ԫһ磬ͺȻ߽⣬û˿ĵֿ֮
ʶ̮Ԫȫɢ
Ҳڴ˿ɶסƬ̼䣬ƿһƤǵʬɻɢ
ǽʿôɭӺڴصǿա
ĳ̶֣ʱڻڶ־ʿеĻҵȼУǺجΣǱ
ʿУԭͬһȺͬһȺޣ˿Ʋϰ㣬ǿǾǽʿÿһ̫ǳ֮񣬶ɳ֮Ϊ
ڣͬģͬҰһ㣡
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˫ۺâһʿȻɢȥɲǣ֮Цȴ͵شǺڻûǰһȥ
Ӹݣȫ״Ƹոմӵħ߳˿һֱ֮ӾٽһʿߣʿͲֻһ꣬¶޷ݵĿ־壬ٵ˲䣬Ȼ˵ֿ
ֻʼ͸ȻֵһѾʿĲϣ壬ٶûаͣ٣ǰĳȥ
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˫ۣͫ׻ɢ˲䣬ȻѪҺҲգһĻͺ壬̵
ɲǣ׷һʿһݽõŮӣ͸޾Ŀ־壬֮ǰԺ˵ȻȴѪȣµһĻȴǳӾĳ
˿ٽѪȵϢŮӱУļҪˣȴֱװؿڣȻײǰۡ
ĲҽԽԽңԽԽȴŮӲѸٿήղ٣ֻʣݹǡ
ħħĲҽУܼڶʿһ޾Ŀֻš
ҽвϣֲϵɣٶԽԽ죬سɴ֮£ʿǿУ޴ӣ
һ˸ͻ׷һˣԷŮȫĵˣ
֮սûԭֻɱ¾
⣬ⳡѪȵɱ¾ݣǷɱ¾ļ֤ߣϡ䣬ǰǽҪ󣬵ȴɱĮ£ǰŭĬĬУ⣬ص
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ʿ֮£Ȼʧ˴룬нΪߣȻӳԶž֣ž£
촽͵תԶʿȫְ˷
ǣӲȻһתһ޴Уת
תԽԽ󣬸һǿ£ӳԶĽʿӻзԼڱ
Ŀ־壬ѪȵһĻĻ𺳣ʹЩʿһ
ʱͻȻɫȻ䣬͵תԶ˼ǰһӣȴĺһֱۣ˲Ϣ׷ǽʿһƣ̾չɣ
ҽвϣ˵֮ˣˣȫ
ЩʿѸǰһȥ˲ϢʧӰʧɲǣһԶĴ
֣
Զһ޴Ӱǿһ㣬Ŵ˵أ


1309 ׷ɱ
ɭʧ˲䣬к˸һӴӰԷ뻹ԶӰ̫󣬽ʹԪҪ
Ȼڽ⣡Ӱɢ֮С
Ӹոʧã̾к֮صȴɭӴӣȻ٣ȫɢΪŨѪ֮ڽЩ꣬ڲϵطŭ£ɱһһ̫Ų䣬̫ǳĵ׷ɱ
һʿɭȻ壬пܷ׷ɱĵܣȴһˣ
иһˣΪȻ˿ܻ֮ڣȴԷӳ춯صͨһˣɭͷʹѡ
ɭڶǰʱȻƣǱ˼ǵץĵܣ˵Ϊ֮ʱ壬ϾԶֿɱȣ
壬Ĺ壬Ǵǿĳ̶ȣ޷
ܵ׷ɱ£ƼأҲܣͬˣ˴˭Ҳ޷κζԷ
Ψǵ˿龳Ĵܣɭһػʹɭŭкˡһ·ƻһ飬ƺҲԸƵ̫ҪĿɭƣ
ʮʱ䣬ɭлѹŭԷأѰֶȴҲûҵ֣Ҫ
ŭ֮ʱȴĸֵܵϢȻ̫ǳһ֣ɭԥĳ
ԶԶظ棬һŮӣǵһƬŤֹһʶĿ⡣
ûаͣңңĸɭǰȥ
ɭУǺ֮˷⣬ͺ֮ȭպݺݵһ֮£ǰǿ̱˺¶һ޴ѷ죬ȻСȻһ㣬ֱ̤ѷʧ
׷
ΣҲҪ׷֣ɣعͷҲȫ̵йͷ֮ߣ
أʩչسɴ֮ûй̶Ŀ꣬ǾԼĿܣԶĵط١
̫ǳһƬǿУŴŤĲƻصֵӰһȫȻź˿߳ûаͣ٣ǰŲƶȥ
ӰֵɲǣȴǿУ̾з籩ХǷ籩֮ǿ޷ݣԻأ֮£ǿ̾ͱ籩˺ѣ¶һ޴ѷ졣
֮йһصȴɭѷڣĳ˫ѪһƬ¶ŨṴ̃
֣ñҵ㣡
ҽȥŲƣٴʩչسɴ磬أתͷǿңңѷɭ˫ۺһȴǼ˸ɫ磬ֱ֮ɭȥ
ɭȭǰȻһӡ
һ֮Դһǣ
ٶ֮죬ת۾ɫһǺɫȻоȻɭڣչ˷ƻ
ͬʱɭĽȴͬȻһйֱ֣ʧɲǣϡ
ӾѪȫǱʧ֮ڡ
ɭһ٣¶֮â
֮
ɫһ䣬ǺɫڣȻ޷𣬶ǳչƻڹǿĻָ£ȴǲ޴󰭣ֻɭˣһȴ
Ҫ׷֮ʱɭüͷȴХٶȻӣֱ٣һֱ棬ڿɫ˲䣬ǵļʶȻϳ˿̺ԥٽ֮磬ɭ
̫ǳһƬǿУӰĶɫ԰ףٴһѪǰ˿ڸ˺ѣѪ͸Ⱦʪ
˿̺˿޸Ϣڹһ˵ѻָǿϢƳĻҪ仺ʱ䣬ϵĿܡ
ɭûгֵϣֻǼ֪ɭ֪ɭԼбɱ֮⣬Ϊ£Ϊǰ
ӰûһӣѪ֣ûаͣ٣ǰ˲Ųƶȥ˼⣬Ѫ
˽ͬǹ㲻ǿ޸ҲͬԸһص˺ַɭݵĽӴȴ̷֣ɭ뵱֮ȣ̫̫ࡣ
Ҫģֵǣɭ˽⣬̫ǳȻΣǻɱض̫ǳܵע⣬չΧɱ
ɭƣƿ⣬ҲȻ뱻Χɱйأҿӣƣء˿Ҳڱ׷ɱĿ˸ӼŲơ
Ӱǿ˸ϣÿһ˸޾룬Ƭַ̺ɭ׷ļȴǸȷеĲ²⡣
ףһֻǶݣɭ̫ǳΪŵĶȹ˶꣬ԭǿܽɱߣΪУ
Էضں̵ܶʱڣͻٴ׷ɱ٣һ㣬ȷɣ
ʱ䲻࣬Ҫָ۷壬˿Ų֮£չȫٶȣ˸Ƭǿմ
ֻ˦ɭſ԰ٻ÷ε֮ǰʿȴͬǵļҲ֪ε̫ǳ֮һס˿ɽ֮ϣŲǿ˸ʶɢƬ̺ĿкһȴǲԶһƬǣסڶ̫ǳʿ
˿̲и֮ʣڽڣڽڣһս˿̶ɱһˣպսһ֮սûжԴֳĬٶȱڸǴ֮ȴ֮ǰĺٴδ۶ӣԶһƬǣĳȥ
ٶԽԽ죬ƿǿգֱӾٽǰһƬ֮ɫڶ࣬ΪŨʿдޣģȴϳԹԹ֮Ũ졣
ٽɲǣ̴̶ļХȴ󷨺ȻȻ֪ʲôֵ֪ĵ
ֻ󷨵Ŀٶȣֿ̫һ֮£󷨿ɲǣֱӳȥȫ죬Ȼɢ١ǧݣϣչ˷ɣ
ҽ֮˲ϢԹϾʿȫһ˲䱻ƣήȫѪԪͳͳߡ
ηħޣħ飡һ۵ߣֱӴϷɳպɫ⻷֣ȴһΪ˵һ˥Ĵͨʿ
ͨʿں¶⣬촽һΣ˾Ȼһɫ磬ƿֱ߶ȥ
ɫһ䣬ҪȻ

һֶȻһ٣һ֮£ɫֱ٣һڣĲҽУȫ̱


1310 
󷨣һУȡΪãУȫȻѪûɢѸȼɲǼͻ˻Һۡ
֮߱ɢ䶯¶ֵӰɫ󣬵üȴһơ
֮ûͣ٣һΣǣ֮ʿ壬ήȫѪɢ߹ա
Ƭ̺ϣеĽʿȫɢĺȻ죬γħ棬Ʈڰգ̧·غݺݵһץ
ǻ֮
һǾҵĲɣϢĳƴӳ˯бǿлѡ
һɫڲϵɢֱֶγһȭͷС״š
Ʈ죬̺ǿա
Ŵǻţһ֮£ʧϡ
ǿУأǰ۶ߣ;зǣ̳룬չɺȡǻ꣬ģֵ⣬ȻƯ߸ǻš
֮ǰо𣬲ɣϢǿգ
أԪȻָȫΨǰ޸ɵ˿ȻʱڳѪ֮⣬޴󰭡
˿ڣҲ޾£ϵļ󣬵ڣȴһ޸Ϣƣʹϻ
⸫âƳ˿ʱ䣬ἫΪǿǰУкһԶ
ҪƳâЩѰʿѪ⣬Ȼ޷Ψȡ̫֮ǳ֮ڵĵطֻ֪һ
Ǿūһ壡Ŀ˸ǰһŲɢż򼲳ۡ
ǿƣڶϹ֣ν̶ѨΣȴд㣬֮ͨǰɣ֪ڣڣûбɭ
Ȼɭ׷ţԽ壬ʱҿεֿк⽥ŨǰأʧӰ
ڣִ˿֮ؼΪңԶδȥֻЩʿ뵱߲ʽ֮˼֪һسɴ粻ܵҪΡ
УϾȥ̫ǳľ˵ǿղͬڵǿգ֮ʱҲһ㱡֮УһжĳĤͬ
һ㣬û⣬Ǹ޷ע֮£ֻΪأ͸ˡ
ڽʿ˵ڣһΪ̰֮ڣĴڣʹýʿ޾Ľŷ󣬶Խչһһεļƻ
߲ʵɽֻߣһеһУаѽڵΧ
֮Ҫϼѣɽ֮Ҫȥȴǲѣǵ͵ϮصĹħǴӽǽƺûʲô谭ķַǱԶ衣
һУִӷ֮ţ֪Ƿģ˽⣬֮
ڵ֮ޣʵϣȴµţԽԽϡ٣⣬ޱ޼ʣ
֮⣬񺳶ģǷ󲻵ԪΪĴڣʹýڵʿΪϡ٣һЩ˱Դֻ豾ԴɾͿ콾֮ˣΪԭ޷Դɣֻܵ
һУ֮ҪΪܣؼһ㣡ЩΪ˵ĴܣҲΪԭ򣬲òѡչس˯ʹñԴɢ
ԭڽڣûа֮ΪٳɣҲ˲Ϣ䱻ߣ
ҪӵάֱԴ׳ɳ֮ȥ⣬ǳΪİӣ硭ˮӣ
顢սĴ磬ԺһЩֻҪΪﵽ˿飬ȴǼΪѣܵ飬ڿңɼ
֮꽵٣Ƚľ֮⣬ʶͨ£Ĵɽ磬ԴΪҪԿ֮ա
֮ӵĪͨǻۣ£һж֮չ֮Ĵɽֹ˷ա
ֻһУջǻһ֮ˣڳһ仯ǳƽ֮ǰ֮ˮ͵Ϯ༸ڼϼԽӵԶ֮ˣ׷ָ񲣬ر֮Ů˺񣬶ֱħ׷ɱ
ơ磬ˣ
һжĸɸɾʹý֮ޣҪΪ֮ˣ޷أ
һһεĳҪƿ
̫ǳδԽչΧսֻڲϵ֮һֱڵȴȴ˼£ͻչһ
󷨣ڣѰ֮ͨţȥԶ
һ죬ѾԶˣܽܽ
ĽڣȻ£ﵽΪ֮ʱȴ˺ܾúܾõһ죬ϢϢ
ΪһУֽ֮뿪ڣĿģҪ֣ڽ⣬㹻֮Ϊǿﵽ˵
ϵԴ֮ȻԿʱɫ糣𺳣ȴǾ춯أû˵ΪԴʹֶΪ䴫ˣڣֿĹɱ⣡
ѡĿģҪԼһʹΪ֮ڽҪʱֹ֣ڽʿҪʱ򿪷
Ƿһȴ־壡
ҡԡڡջؿ̫ǳԶǿյĿ⣬ԽӼᶨ
Ҫأɫһ͵ؿ˫˸֮£ֱɢǿա
Ӱոɢɲǣǿڴ¡¡ľ죬һ޴ѷƾ˺ѣɭ˫ۼ۶
Хȴ̫ǳ׷ɱɭܣ׷ᣡ
ɭǿջصʮܵ׷ɱΪŭûǿ龳ĵˣӶݣֻһ뵽ǿ龳Ĵܣɭͻᱩŭѡ
³çȴȱǣȻ׷ɱԼĿģ¾׷Ѱ֮ʱ˾Ϊңȴɭŭ𣬴ﵽ۷塣
ɱˣҼ׷֣Ҳûɣɭѷ죬¶캮⣬һʧķ͵תȻʹΪ
˾ʮ꣬޷ǵȱƣ£ǻᣡɭ춯أʹǿնΪ֮ת֮£һֱ׷ѷ˶ȥ


1311 һս
һȭ죬ź¡¡ĺХһµƣǿ֣ǳѷ̫ǳܣһΪ龳磬һһŮǿڣȻϤɭĹʽ˿ɫ糣˴˺ɢһ֮¸һüġ
˲Ϣ䣬һɺƵ֮ڱ⣬ֱɭȭͷȥ
һɲǻصأ֮£ǿձ˺ѳ޴ķ϶ɨ֮ʣǿնҪһΪ
֮սԱǺӣ
ɭƺһ˫¶һ˿֮â׷ɱʿ˴˾ֿʮʼˣƾιҲ˿ֿɱĻᣡ
£ɭΪ˿Ծ׷֣˾ȴ˷֮ɫ
һɱܣ˱׷ʮ꣬Ϊ޷κȲɣңǣɭüǵȻ˸һźȻɳǳɢĿ֮ââŲ˼Ĵ͸Զȥ֣Ҳһɲǣܵ޷ݵĹ֮
֮ǹâɣ˸˲䣬ɭĴ

ϧһǣҲҪֹܵľɼֵı֮ģ
ǹǵ͸޾Ի֮ȻԽԽһз籩Դ˵Ϊģܺɨȥ
䣡
Ǿҵͬڲϵرǿջ˺һ޴ķ϶ɨǿʮǧȫڡ
ǣʿ飬Ȼ䣬ҷ
С̫ǳܵǿյǻԵڷıನͻ纣һĳٴƶɨص
ܣɢȫʿóʩչͨҵĳ£ˣȴǲϺˣǿг忪
ǿ龳˫˵˺ɫܲ԰ףȴδ̫أǰһ֮ٵɲǱɢ
һһŮˣȴѪӼˣ֮ⲻϵػصһ֮£˾ʹ˷ֿ
ڷֿˣɭϧһǣΪ˷ֿһֿη壬˿ЦǰһȥӱӴޱȣһ֮£غȴ˲ϢͽӽɢĿߣüǵȻתȴʣµļͬʱɳתγһ޴УȻľֱǿܶȥ
˾īӣ˺󣡡ǿ龳ɫ䣬ӸһΣܵǿպˮ˲ƣʹȻֱɭǵֵ˾īӶȥ
˾ī꣬˫Ŀ˸Ĺ⣬ɭǵٵɲǣ˫д֮٣뿪һִǰãȡˣӡڤ֮ߣຣʧС
죬ȴڴɲǣɭɫ˲Ϣ˱仯ȭ͵ٵĿһȥֹǰеɲǣɭȻŹ˾īӣһǿ߽˲Ϣͳһߡ
һŮӣ֮ǰɭƣۺʱȴ˫ͫһ۾Ϳɭ١
ҪʩչͨȴɭȭͷȻ£֮УŮѪ˵˲䣬ɭüǵ㻯м٣Ů⣬ֱӻصüģŮӸǱӡ˵ڶڣ
һУǵʯ䷢ӡŮӣɭǿһ˺ڣʧǿС
мû鿪׷ɭʧɭȴǿڻص
ǿ龳Ŀ˸˾ī໥ۣǲ¶΢ЦֻЦУһ˿Ľ磬Ѹ뿪˴˵ء
Ǳɭ׷֮ˣҲйϢɢҲ塭
ؼֻʣˣɭȻްһȴҵȿȡ
ֻǲ֪񵽵׶ʲôãΪҪ˷Ѿۡ;иı˼ƻ
ھܣ֮ǰţֻǲٰ֪˵ӵ̫سԣá
˼໥ǿһ仰δ˵꣬ȴɫһ˵
ߵ˾īͬǰ
ǰǿУһŮӣŮһ£òģ壬֮УϢȴƿԿԽ޾롣
Ů͸ƮϢƱô֮У֮ˡ
лλŮƮһӣ׹˸˾īӶС
ǳŵƷ顣˵ţûͣ٣˾īӶߴԶȥ
ǿ߿һа׹⣬һͷ˾īһۣʼնû˵ǻ磬ʧǿա
أһƺֻʣǰŮӣߣһУǺɢɭ׷Ѱ֮أȥ
Ӱڲϵسɴ֮£ż֪ԽԽɫ֮ǰǿǴĹϢ˲²⡣
˿ȴǶ֮ʱڶε֮󣬳һƬɢ¹֮ڣƬ¹⣬Ǵһſ͸ƬʹһۿȥΪѤλһ㡣
Ǵ˵ˣкһڵ壬
ʱͻȻٴкֲδͷһΣֱǰһ·ƿȥʶɢʱƬǰһ˹Ϣ֮أ
ô¶Цͬʱǿ˺Ѵĺ¡¡̾ɫ𣬾ص
ǿѷ˺ɭƣһ
˿̺ǹ죬ҵ죬Ȼûİע⣬һƬž
Ӳɭ¡˫¶⣬̧ǰ۵֣һȭȥ
ҲӣǰϢڣһ۾Ϳ˴˵أ޴ĹŨŨĹϢЩڴϡ
͵ת¶âڸ֮صȴ˲ϢͻǧɴСüǵ㼱תƵĹ֮ںȻ
һӣѪ˸Ѫ˲Ϣû֣ȻΪ˰ɴ󽣣ɭջһȭѸն£
һ̤˹ܣһ֮£˵صĹϢ۶ڽڵ˲䣬ֵĵͺ£ȫǰ˿ڣ˿ڲĿ޸֮ĹϢһ壬ڵĹ֮ʱкص
֮£һģĸӰһ´ǰ˿ڱıƳ
û˿޸֮ǰ˿ڶʱϣްƣ


1312 һս
֮ɭһȭ֮ȻΪǿܰڴзƣ޷ʩչڶĹ֮ͨԾ춯ء
˿ȭ籩֮¾ֺնǰѪ֮âһ
أһɷĳܺ¡¡ȥ
ͬʱǱִǰ˿ڱƳĿ޸Ϣ֮Ǳִһ˦һֱٵɭ
⿪޸ϢŨŨĹ̺֮ƿһ֮˲ϢͺȻٽɭȭȭͷײ
֮죬ɭǿѪõԶɻܴΪأ䵽к󣬼޼᲻ݣ
ɭȴ޷֮ȣȭͷײѪѪɲǣ޸Ϣٽ˳ɭȭѪֱӳұڣչһ֮Ǻ¡¡ľУɭұ𣬸Ѫŭţɫƣ͸ŭӾȻ裬һ٣
ͣٵɲǣұں֮ԽӻصһɻԵұҪһ㣡
ɭ˵һΣ潻棡
ɭӰ裬ȭͷ̺˺Ƶ֮ȴȻһֳ籩ٽǧӵ֡
ȭٵ˲䣬ֵͺ˫ǰһȫ֮ȭԶԿ֮ٴλصֱһײĸоһѪӵŵŵ̤նˣֱײһڡ
ǵһײʱѷײ֮ӣת۾񣬴ĹϢȻһѷѸٽڣȻɲǻָ
Цһģһһָգݺݵȭȭͷסɲǣ߸ɫĹȻȭͷ˲Ϣɢ
ɣϢأȴһ·ֳȡ߸֮꣡
ɭֱִºݺݵһӣ߸֮Ƶɳֱڰͣٵɭȥ
Х֮У߸֮ϾȻ߸޴ӰûһĻͺƿռңֲٿ߸޴ǣײɭһ㣡
ɭɫڷһǣ֮ǰһսֱһǣ˿Ȼֻʣǣ
յԭӦͬŶԣɭǹͿ˾
Ϳ˾̫̫ãǿǣ޵Ľӽǣǵ㱬ȴȻ죡
ټɭʣȻ˷ӡܣԴ˴߷ǵ֮Ĵ֮ͨǵڣܵ괳һ𱻷ӡĵܴڣټ֮ǰӡŮӣʵȻǿ
һȴֿԵֿ
Ͼֻǻ˼䴫У֮ȫɭգɭͿ˾ȫ֮ǿĳ̶ȣԺȻһпߣ
ںϣɴﵽͿ˾۷壬㡭ɵֿɭŭǰȥ˫ֻ裬ٵ߸֮ȥ
ںϣɾ۷㡭Ϊβӣɭ˫ȭ䣬߸֮ײ
£ÿһײɭĺᾪ춯أؼûκֹǰУ߿֮꣬Ǿҵ𶯣ƺҪ
һһ֮걻ɭһȭ򱬣ޱ߳γзܷƶ
ɫҲһ˲߽⣬¾ɢˡ
ںϣñƿз򣬿ԷӳҹһĪͨش󣬿ҹһԻͣ㡭Ȼ𣡣ɭ񣬺֮֮걻򱬣
䴫У޷ã㼴֪һͨȴȥʩչֻɭſʩչ֮ͨɭֵľ룬˲ͬһӴײʣĿ֮꣬һײ֮£Ȼȫ
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ֻɲǣӡͻʵʣں¡¡ľ£ֱٵɭȥ
ֻͿ˾һħҲҳ񣡡ֵĵͺ𴫳ӡ֮¾ٽɭһɭ˫̧ǰݺݵһ˺
𶯣ǿղڣҪɭ˫֣ƺҪ˺Ǻ£Ǿ޴ӡȻɭ˺ѣһΪߺƵ
ʩչӡֲûָֹɭͬʱ̧֣ɭұۻɲǣ統³һְɭұ֮ϣѸֱ£קȡ޾֮ǿգȫһƣɭչһ
صѪӱһɴȫͷ֮ϵ˺ײһ֮ϣĹֱ֮ȥ
ɭӴֵĹһ٣Ƭ̾ſһ֮У˵صĹ֮Ȼֳһ룬ȫС
֣ǧĳɳ㻹˲һһɭ̤˹Ĵ֮ϡ
µ˲䣬غҵĲ̧𣬻һƬڸǿյľ޴ƣֺХΪɱ֣Ҫܣ
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ȭ
˫ȭѪУ˻һУֱɭֶȥ⣬йӰûɭֺȻײһ
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1313 һս
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ЩѪӵԣ˴˲Ϣһ𣬻һƬѪһ㣬ڣ


1314 һս
Ѫ֮ͷǣҺ
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ܵɫ˿ߣ鿪һеһУɫĹâУȫˣǷɵɫ磬ǳεѷ죬ҵĲ
һйǣǰ׷ɫĺ仰¶һ޴ѷ죬ѷȻ˺һ޷ݵѹȻɢ
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ȫ֮ȻǹͷȫѣѪͬķȥǾ޴ָǣ𣬺ȻУ˴ء
ڱ׳һֺ̣ԥٴʩչ󷨣ӱǾĳֱȺһɢĲҽչ˷ա
֮һ֮ȫήʬ
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1315 һս
󷨣֪ɭŹԼ˿ˣȴҧչɣ֮˲ǶǿߣʮУ޴󲿷ֶǲһ
һ·Хƾ˵ĻָѵĹͷϵںϣ˿ڸǿȬ
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һֱӻ֮ȻӶİ׷Ԫ񣬺ݺݵһק俸ŵľ޴ָǣʧ֮ڣ
ض飡


1316 
ɭϵ׷ʲô䣬¾Ȼ׷ɱԼߣһ㣬ֲ²ⲻ͸ɭĻ棬üǵڣһɢĿ֮â
̫ǳһƬ貵ǿ֮УˮĵеԽԽԶ
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ڵʲôѾˣŮӣɫ͸ࡣ
ӳĬ֮վӣƽĿڣ㣬û
Ůӵ˸Ө
̾ƿ֮ţ˳ȥԶ߽µϦǰһɢ͵âʧ֮С
˿򣬼Ϊ˿ıԵһµŮӣɫƽһһ·֣
Ҫ˿Ůһ٣ֹͣ˽Ųƽǰ
ǰǿУϢ䣬â˸ȴɽʧӣâ߳

Ŀ䣬ֻ˵һ֡
ǰŮӳĬɫ糣δһκα仯
ѾѡУ㻤ˡãŮƽĿڡ
ɱȻһƽȴһ޷ݵϢȻֱǰŮӶȥɲǼ䣬ǿ˲һһɾɱ֮ʹ
ǰŮͫһ̧ǰһģƮȻˡ
ҪġŮƽԽԽԶʧǿ֮С
֪ǿŲ˶ãһգִٻ÷˿壬ε֮أٻ÷ļҡ
ããǿգֵǰУԽ˿ڵ򣬼ΪһſǣҲ͸ɫǹһ͵ɢԶ
ٻ÷ǵˡֵͷŻĿ˯ٻ÷ڡ
ʱ˿ͻȻų޾ââ֮£һͳڻص
ң


1317 
â֮УӣĿ⿴һֻֻۣŵٻ÷ɫУ͸ʹ
ֵ˲䣬һ͵̧ͷһ۾ͿǴӣڿӵɲǣȻ
ӵӣȻٻ÷Ϊƣ֮䣬һ֮ˣ
ε𣡡ӣͬϳ˶Է߲ʽ磬֣֮
Զǣ
֮£ʱĪ⣬˭Ҳ޷뵽ʮǰ߲ʽڶ˵ļһսڶ̶̵ʮ̫ǳ˴ļ档
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һɴֱӴֻｫٻ÷֣͵ķӣӱٻ÷ʹ֮ɫڣҲдȰ
תٻ÷ԶȥâۣӰʧǿգʼգûȥһۣ
ֱǷ籩˺͵ֹסӣӵĿԶâʧķ˳Ĭ
Զԣεٻ÷֮䣬Ȼ飬εٻ÷Ȼзѡ
֮ǰĴ㣬ˣӦˣ뿪˿壬뿪ƬֻڳĬ֮ȴûѡȥҪȷһ£ٻ÷ǷĻ
ĬǰһΣһֱǰ˿һƬǣҪɢʶͿĿ޾ǺУһϣɢǿյâε֮ء
ϣڣҲһƬɫƺ˺ֵӰŲƼ䣬̤ɫڡ
ûκεķ󷨣̤ǵİУ·һƬ˻Ļ
ǺϣһЩֻ΢֮紵ֶУֳ˻֣Ʋϡ
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֮Ԫͬʱתһɹǿڱʹ˫¶⣬ٴ̧Ųɽ岻ϵȥ
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أԪȻת˼ޣ֮УŨŨ֮Ȼڣʱ£Ĺ֮Ҳת۷塣
֧ɽԽԽ
ʱ䣬˽˳ɵ̨ף˿֮أ̧ͷͿԿϷ̨׵ľͷֻµȴɫΪƣͬùģ޾ѹӲɵò
ϡ䣬ƻص˵δ޵֮ʱںɽţŲһ㣬ǰѹҪѹ壡
ΪµģŲϵϷҲͬʹҪֳһվӣĻһи̾ͱǽ´ĺԶ
˫£ɫ԰ףˮʪɫȴȻ㣬Ҫϵɽ嶥ˣȥһٻ÷Ƿѣ
֮ͻȥû֮ǰѣҲûֹĽŲ
ٻ÷ˣһҪ󣡡ҧ֮£иѪζڣŽŲϷٴȥ
ԽٽѹԽ޷ѪȫѪܼҪ֮˾ųɵ̨ף
ɽ嶥ڣε˫ۣǰٻ÷ɢһ֮УǿήգҲѸٻָë˫ۡ
֮űƿǷŮ룬Ŀٻ÷ɨƬ̵Ļ㱣֮ҪˡǲӦá
¶ȥɡ֡εͷԵĹ٣Ħ
ٻ÷ͷվӣ¶һ˿ã߳ᣬһ۾ͿԶĳеãŨˡ
޾£һ̤ɽ壬߹һ̨ףվɽ֮
Ȼѹ£ӣȴһ̤ɽ˲䣬ٻ÷ԶŮӣɽ紵Ůӵһ㡣
ŮӣҲʱתͷ֡
˵Ŀ⣬ɲһ¶΢Цٻ÷ˣ
ҵ֣ң£㣬˭
һ£ٻ÷˫ۣ֮¶ɬҽ֡˵ţɿ˵ֿ˷ɿɲǣȻѹ£ʹȻͱ׿Զٶȥ
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ڽҲáҲáӣ˵壬ڱ׳֮ʱתԶȥˡ
еãŨˣокʹϢĸоϡǰһгΪˮ棬ˮ£һֻԽԽԶ
ףΪʲôҿʱһֺϤϤĸоԭҵļһҪҪûлͷ
Զľ룬ĺǣǡʱ䣬ĵطһδУʼǴġ֮˻һοʼΪֹԶѡУΪҲΪһսεûлشٻ÷ĻǱ˫ۣŹ١
Զľ롭ǡζʱҡ


1318 Ů
ˣֻܵܵȴʼ񣬲ɢɢ
ֵ̾ӣɽԽԽԶȥ֮ʱȻģһ֮˿̣Σ
ٻ÷ʱһˣֹ¶ĸоѾϰˣֻһΣꡣ
ǧ޵һ֮£ڹ¶ѧ˼įڼį»һģɫ
ˡֻͷһģɫɽ壬ϡƺɽӰתԶȥ
ıӰЩɪԽԽԶ
˿ΧܴããǺڣǿУԶȥ
֪ΪΣƣƣǵıˡǰȥУŲ֮£˿ıԵǰԶ˿巶Χ
ӰŲ֣Ҫ뿪˿壬ʱͻȻȻһ٣˫Ŀ棬ǰ
ǰǿգһƬ밲͸һɹĸо
ָֻܣȴɲǣͻȻһľָоİǧ޵Уγ֣ÿһΣΣ
һΣˮǰ
ɫأ̫ǳ󣬵һָоɭĳ֣Ҳľ
˿ǰƽǿգֽ˫ۣʶ죬ǿռžʶɨûκεķ֣üͷ˫ۡ
ǰһƬޣľĸоȴԽԽǿңĬ˫һٴα˫ĿͫһɫĻȼգǻΧ
ǻ֮⣬ǳ̫תγ˸֮£̺֮䣡
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˫˲䣬ͫȴ͵һȫëԪȻתʹ˫Ŀͬ⣡
ǰԶһŮӣ
ŮƮǿգĻ꣬Ȼûа뼣󣬼ʶҲ޷֣һͷɫĳ磬΢΢Ĺâʹò޷壡
һ֮ƣʹһŮϵĿ⣬ᴩ͸
أĶǰ
ŮĬĬվĬĬ֣֮˼
û˵ҲûпڣῴŮӣͫڵԴȴĿƿأһ·ĹŮӣ
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ˣв֪ΪΣͻȻֳһ仰
õ֮ȥ˵ĺ˫Ŀ΢ϣķһԣѪ֡
ŮһδֻĬĬֱ֣ԽԽԶʧǿվͷ
֮Ůૣһ
Ȼܿҡ
ŲϵغˣŮڽԶľĸоȴʼմڣʹɫ
֪ΪΣиֳɭ֮ǰüɢĿ֮⣬ɫ伱ԶȥӰģоƺһЩϵ
ĬĿһһ֮нһ˿ϣͬһƬɫϺռݴ롣
ϣֻ磬̤˴һɽ֮ɽХ˿˿⣬ֵգͫԴתϸĲ鿴ãûпŮӵӰϥ
ˣкĿģüͷԱ˫ۣͫڵıԴȴǲδɢǼΪ衣
ʱ佥ȥת۱죡
һδǰŮδ֡
˫ۣĿھһƽֻŮӵӰȴƴڡ
Ȼûϵһ̤˿巶Χ֮ǰڣλãǡǡ˿⡭˿壬εΪ޷ṳ̂˿ԭ򣡡
Ŀ˸ĴϸĻһ´ӽ̫ǳһ·飬أɭľĸо֡
ʱΪɭ˿̷ȴҳ˶ߣľĸоɭ
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Դ֮£Կ˵Ӱû֮ǰǿҵľ֮УҲķⲻıԴȥ鿴֮ǰһ·棬ľ֮УȴɲΪ˿壬ٳȥ˲䣬ǸоȻ
ĿһԪתתһȦ֮ٴת֮£֮â
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Լµ˴𰸣ɫ͸ӡ
յʵɽ޾֮£ȫ˷츲صı仯ֱ仯ûΪȴʹ֮ǰﵽ˿԰΢ľĳ̶ȣ
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εҲַеĸ֪ң뿪˿ΣգֵȻֻ˿Ϳͬƿһ񲻶ϵܳĴ𰸣
ŮӵͷȻ󣬾Ȼε޷ֱ˵Ҫְʾ֪һ棬Ůӣ˭ˣεȻһѡ˿塭ĿԽأգĬ
Է뿪ͷϥɽϣʼ˴ɣƣµУɻ
ʱţת֮£ǵɽϣȻһ£Ԫϵۡ
֮ǰɽܵƣҲȫתʹƽУΪָ۷֮ʱ
һգڵɽ֮⣬Ȼ޾ââ֮ͣ°ض֣һģӰâ߳ʵ
˫ۣƽâгֵӣε
оŴͨ㣬ѧѧ


1319 
˫¶⣬ε
εڰգһɽ嶥ͷ֣âȴֵĴ𸴡ɽ紵һͷϸɢһ͵ѹ
վɽ嶥ɽǰʧվϣһϢӰվ֮УضͰһеһУεǰͷ
վǿգǿһйâҪã֮ɽ죬ǿգ
һԴʽͨʽɷʽһʽȫڸ㣬㣬ѧѧ
ֳĬû˵
ҸǧͽһԿ֮㣬ҪҪ
ֵĺм٣ε飬û˵
һʯɵĵҲҪҼɵѣѵһѣ㣬ҪҪ
йâΪء
һһͳδκδˣ㣬ҪҪ
һɴ̫ţﻻ飬ɾͨ
ҸΪƿޣȥǴ˵֮ĹأչŻ֮꣬ɣ
ԴʾˣҴδ˵˿ԵԴҿһһ㱾Դɣټ̳֮ͳӵߵԴ
εƽĿϣڣһУ㣬ҪҪ
˫¶Ѫ˿ε仰дϢջ󣬶˵νǾ춯أܲģ
Ϊģ
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˻ƣεĻк
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ˣģһУӴ֮ްǽڽ֮սɲ룬Ҳٰڣ
εĻ絶ڣʹһ
ҲڽкУкǣңӴ֮ȫ˽ᣡֻһŮɽ˫ޣһҲֻһˣ
ֱ˫ۣεջ󣬿˵һһΣκֶȻĶпܽܣ
εȴͬ⣡
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һܽܣ˵ǵڶĽ⼸˵һ׷󣬷һӵĳŵ
ܽܣ
˫ۣ˫ĿѪ˿ңԲҪѧ
ε˫Ŀһ֡
ֲ֪ǣںܶǰأҲܹͬջֻջصģ𣬶Եģε
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УεĬƬ̣˵
ǰңҪ֮ˣΪǰͬ⣡̧ͷε
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εûлش⣬ǳĬƬ̺ƽĿڡ
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ԶŰˣ
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εĬƬ̣ƽ˵ȷĴڣһ̶ֻ֮ӣ
һԭֻǲ²⣬ȴû뵽εţ
ѾҲǿ¶ˣ֮ǰҿɲۣͳ޷㣬ұ㴫ʽͨѧ٣Ϳԣεİ̾ʮֺÿ֣֮ǰ˵һҲȫΪ棬ֻЩ飬ȴ޷ǿ
Ϊ̫֮һܣ֮߰ҲԸȥǿˣ
ҿãҵһʽͨε̧֣һץغƵ˲Ϣ޾âһ޴С
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·һƬâգƲ㣬̫һеһУ׵Ψεһˣ֮У
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𶯣һĻ¶޷֮ɫδ뵽ؼ䣬Ȼ֮ͨͨǿǷǿڣ飡
ǿʩչĴأâ̧𣬴һ˦غʱ⵹һʱͻָ糣죬죬أǵأ
ǿգʲôࣿˣ飬ͨҲԪҿǹ⣡ǿȫ֮ǹ⣡޴ڣڣӡΪ֮ҵڶʽͨǷ֮ҿϸεͲʱ䣬ӡʩչ꣬ٴ̧
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޾ĹâɲǼ٣춯أε⣬һ̣˺ƳΪع֮ԴȪǹâĿ֣Ҳ޷˫۵Ĵʹ֮С
һâɵľ޴Ӱε⣬ߣ
ܲǵȴϷڴﵽ˿龳ʱѧᣬ̫ǳԱ࣡ϷһʽϷΪڿ۷򣬴֮һ


1320 
εһʽӡ֮
ڶʽӰܣǷ֮۷壡ʽͨһɫ䣡
δȫӡֳǹӰ֮Уһһʽͨڲϵؽص
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תԽԽ죬ɲǼɢһƬɫˮˮһͬתһкɨ
ܿ죬ֱ䣬ȻΪһƬˮΣƯεָ֮ϣԸٶתš
һĻУĿ¶
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죬ڷأˮûأûκιΪһƬڣԪûа㣬ǿз룬Գһ磡
һ磬ɴСʱޣСʱ壬Ϊǿķ
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͵˫ۣ˫ĿصɲǣҹȻصͬʱҲֵ˫Ŀ¶С
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Դ֮ˣȻ𾪣ĸ¾ͿɰⷭӡѧᡭԭΪҪꡭ


1321 ĸĤ
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ŹӰɢֵĿ⣬ٴʼƮڰգһ統ε뿪ʱû˿仯ıС
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Сεǵںϣ۳һֱ֮绽Ϊǿͨһ磡
ںϵڸֵĵ
ϸĹ۲ָСнԴԴ˴ѭͫתһ˿˿֮Сɢֱ˫ĿȥģСԽԽСպС򳹵ɢ
ֱ˫ĿĬĬظ
ͨȫͬͨҲãҲãһֿ˵壬Ե̬ǹǷأԿĵ
緭ӡӰܣһУǿԿԻ̬֮
Ӱ˵һ֮һӴĵ߲ʽߵĵ޷ֿǵ֮Ǽ棬޷ֿ
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˫ĿһץǱ˲Ϣ٣УŴ˽û˫ۣоԼץŵģһѽһƬơ
ĸܣǱڴ֮Ȼдѷ֣Ƭ̺һһƬ
Ǳ֣ת֮±ڻΪһεˮˮΪУתУһһɢΪ
С͵ķ籩ֺХأʧȴ֮ģһƬơֵ֣ŰƣǰһӣǰƻգԶƮȥ
֣˫ۣԶȥİƣ¶Цݡ
ںͨҵһҪںϵģسɴ磡ͨǿ󣬿˲Ϣ޾ǿգȴһȱݣǾһԪң޷ʩչǰŮ˿ͣΨн䳹˦Ҳſ̫ǳ߳壡
㹻𣬰ԴĿܴɣȸ֮ףһУұԴɵ֣
̫ǳ֮üĵӡǣҲй֮ƺ໥֮ɣϵĳ
Ҹ֪ģʹı̫һ壡Ŀ˸ռ׷ԪһеĴ𰸣Ԫҵ



1322 䣡
ʱţ˿Ĵ紵أ︴֮ʱƮ죬ҲһƬεò䡣
ڵɽ壬µںϺһգ붨
֮£ֵسɴ磬ϵںϣΪһ壬ȡ˲Ų֮⣬ռص֮سɴ粻ϵһһ۷ı仯
˫۵һ˲䣬ֵ˫Ŀɨεգ̺ǿա
سɴǰĲȶԪı仯ʹôϣֵ֮£İһֲ
Ϊأسɴͨǿգ䣬ʶʹԪңֻҪز򲻻Ӱسɴʩչ
ͨĸı䣬רΪԼ׼̧ǰһӣȻɽ֮ʱŤһƬҲ׷ױ
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һ׷ΣԴĲҹ¶ʽڸεӡӰܡ
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ĽƸǱ˽磬Ȼⲻǧɽڣγأ
ּ͵ģɱսȻɢһһƬڡ


1323 ͽ
ǧɽ磬ɢڣ˿̵֣ȴվǿգ֮ŻָɫΪŹ֣͸޷š
ĬһΣʧǿգʱصǵɽ֮ϣϥ£˰죬ɫȻš
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Ĺһ޾׷ߵԪֱӷɳǰ
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û˵һӣѪѪ˸Ű׷Ԫݺݵһ̡
һѪֱӴ͸׷Ԫ߷ĲҽУ͵˫ۣĶ֣ҽѪһֱӴԪڻ
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⡭ʲô
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ֲδɱǲϵ£׷Ԫ޷ָֻԽԽֵĿԪţԱ޷
ʱȻ˼ޣԪΧţ˿ȫѪ̺ÿһδڻߴʹʹһϢ
ʱ˫ĿһѪ˲䣬̧ݺݵذڰ׷Ԫ֮ʱʶȻֱԪչ
ԭĲҽȻӲ˫¶ĵֿֿɲǣһӣѪٴγֱ֣ӴӴԪںȻ͸
Ӿ˫Ŀֿ֮˫۴ͣȫ͸ʱɢ
̧֣֮ɫüΪ
ǰ׷Ԫȫ͸ɢɢɲǣȴѪһѪֱӴ£ᴩȫ䳹׻
ɲǣں绽Уһ½֮ϣ׷ߵĻǻûϥͷɢ˵Ϣ
һ弫ΪӴɭ𣬽һѣ̫ǳ廹䡭ĲУһڣǡܣ
ߵļУȻûֻ֪ƺһӻأһֱĳ֮رչˣ
εĻ𱻽ĳһ̶ֻ֮ӣԣţ˱չءǲ֪ƣ׻ָ˶١кһ̧ͷա
뿪ˡǰŮػȴ


1324 ߳˿
ū֮һ壬壡
ѳΪɣ֣֮ģӴ֮壬һ壡
֮⣬ѹ֮ʱõ˹ΪصһȺ˰ȺΪͨΪˣ̫ǳķȫͬйطӡ֮¯һ㡣
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¶ӣְ̾ת磬ֱ˿⼲ۣ
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ΨǲɢԶɢڡ
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ԶŰĿһ
ǰŮӵͷ㲽վǰ֮߳ģƺһɢֱǼ䣬ȴʲôҲûŵ
ұھԣȷҡҲ޷ٵȥŮڣ֣Ȼߴ磬˼棬ǰŮ˵գƺҲûģֵС
ڿŮòɲǣ˫ͫ͵һȻ¡ɲǵĻ㱡
ŮӵգȻĽ
ɫֻ㱣𶯵˲䣬Ů˫΢ţһ
һ֮£üĹǵȻûתģǵھȻһ˿˿ɫϸƮ
ǰŮһֱƽɫڿϸ̵˲䣬˼̰һ֮£ǽɫϸ̾ҪС
һɲǣֵ˫ۻ㱲ڣȡ֮ģһƬ
磡һ纮ڣ˲ϢڣȻĹ⼱˸ȴһɫĹâڱΧɨ
绽磬̺ͽһ磬һɲǣ
ǰŮӾ̫˿ĹĿ֮£ź绽ķӣת֮¾ǧɣǰŮӣ绽ƶУӲɵúˣ
ɫȻһ䣡
ͬʱüĵĽɫϸ̣绽ֵһ̣ʱûбŮգصǵ֮ڣ
Ѫ죬Ѫһ⼱ƣ͸ץ֣֮£ֱ
ŵһУֹΪ֮ĿģҪ֪ŮӵԼҪʲô
Ψ֪ЩſԴݶԿ
ҪǣԴðգӡ֤һԴӿŮӺеĲ²⣡
ǰŮӾܱ绽Ƴǧɣ˫ȴ¶⣬̧һӣǰк֣ȴһ޴ǿѷûҪһУֱֶȥ
һ
Цǧ֮Ȼʮ⣬γɷͬʱ̧һָǿգк㱾ǰȻǶ֣ȴ޷ƭ˫ۣ
ֵĻ˵˲䣬ǰŮɫȻһ䣬ȴǴδ뵽־ȻֻܿǷ
ε֪㣡ǰŮ˵ٽ
ӡָǿյ̳ƣһ˫Ŀͫǿתǿ֮仯


1325 ͶӰ
صǿһ˲䣬Ȼ䣬ǿգû֣֮˿̺أȴһ֮£ܣ̳޾Ӱ
Ӱһ־ǿգӿڴҵĺɲǣһΪں֮³Ϊ˴أ
֮ǿУϣ죡
أ֣
һжƬɣǰŮͨǰɲǣһغȴǴȻתΪ죡
ת֮£Ϊ˴أ
ǰŮӣҲɵ֮ת
һ·棬ͼı£ɱºݺݵһغ䣬ǳΪĴأȻ³츲أ
³öؾҵĲһ޷ݵѹȻǰŮɫһ䣡
εķӡȻͨ㣡Ůǰ֮ͣ٣˿Ӵת֮У˫ڴһ׹ɢ֮ⷭͨԿ
Ƿӡε֮ͨһ˿ʩչغϣǳΪյĴغȻ£ֱ·նȥ
Ůʩչѷ죬̱ɢİ׹⣬Ҳһ߽⣡ɫ䣬Σ֮ʱſ³һö壬һǿպȻһͬʱƯڰŮǰγһɫ
֮˲Ϣ䴫ǿգһصεѹΪҵĺǿնҪ˴ѡ
Ƭ̺һɢöأصɲǣɢ֮УʱĻ֮ȴȻص
ǳѵǿУŮɫ԰ף˫¶ɱ廷ƣʹڷӡ£δ
ͶӰֻ˵˥ΪҲһ·׷ͼıңӰ죬޷ȷʱգͽɱ
㵱һαҲ֮ʱҾһֱĴɻǵܣߵʵ壬ܷҽǰȴûŵ˿Ǳ壬ⷭӡ£跨ԿЦԴ絶ǰŮϡ
ʼմڵĲ²⣬ʶΪ֤ʵ²⣬ûѡ뿪ӶݣҪŮӶһ
ǵܣسɴ磬ҲӶݣ˲ǣҲǺ֮
ûѪͶӰνԣȻҪû֮ˣһ㣬ͱҪ˵ǰһȥһӣ⻷ʮɵĺ绽ȻֱǧɣڶƬ½ϵսǷɳǧ飬ֱŮӶȥ
ǰŮɫòԼС˶Է֣żȻһʧȴû뵽һμ棬ͱԷߣڶμ潻սԼǴ·磡
ϧ޷ǰ򡭡Ůк˸ȴʱֺ绽սɫٴ˱仯
⡭ǡŮӵ£սܣЩսϸǳɫϢ֮չ˺Ȼ
ϣǰŮ̺ˣ˫֮£̧һץ̾һڹƾճ֣м˸
֮⣡ŮɱһȻ£ٵսһӣǺڹȻɢЩսһɲǣǧɺ绽̻ɢǧݣÿһսܣǺڹԿ
֮춯أǺڹ֮£սˣȴûˣȫĹΧĺ绽
ǰŮӲϵغˣת۾˳ǧ⣬ǰһȥٽŮӣŮ廷Ʒˣ˿ٴ̧𣬺ڹ˲ϢΪŨ۶Ƭ̼侹ȻһѺɫĳ
˽һɫ䣬ǿոǴǰŮĶ֣һӣʱǺڹⳤֱֶۣȥ
ĿһǺɫٵɲǣ˫£Ӱܣ
һǿһйâȻٽǳ֮⣬ǿ֮âһгԣЩۿȴʵǿеһйһ˲䣬⡣
â֮£һ޴ĹӰûǺɫٽȻӰһ
춯أϵػص䣬ĹӰɢĿâǺɫ棬ʹùӰ˴ͬʱȴǱһɷ֮ƶȻȻתֱŮӶȥ
ǰŮڿֹӰܵ˲䣬˫ͫ͵ӼˣǺɫٶ̫죬Ȼ׷ϣ⣡
죬ŮɫΪ԰ף赲˺ɫ壬΢һлûн˺ɫɲǣһζ
̧һץѪ죬ȴѪ֣ǰݺݵһն

УѪ⾪ҫǿգһɷֱеİŮӣŮɫ䣬˫
Ѫ̫죬Ȼ£ֱչһ𣬺أǿղ巢֮ȴǴѳһ϶
ŮһѪԸٶȺˣģ֮䣬ȻʧȥӰ
ŮѪͫһһ㶣ķ²⣬ŮֻͶӰӵʵʣ¿ȻѪ
½ս룬ɱ˸Ѫֱ׷˫ĿԴתһɨ֮£ȴٴοǰŮӵ塣
Ѫݺݵٴһն
ңǰŮɫ͵תſ˫һӣǰ鿪ѷʱâ䣬һֱֻۣâö׷֣һ㣡
ֱ۵ĳ֣ɲǼ侹Ȼʹǿͣ٣һתȻֹȫâһָУȻʧɫ
·ǿգһ˲䣬ȫ׵ıһֱֻȡָȥĹ켣
ָµһ̣һΣȻڱΣ֮ǿ˵ˮӣǰ֮Ȼͣ٣ԥ˫һӣ⻯ǧĺ绽磬˲ںΪһһ⻷ơ
һɲǣӰٴαʩչ֮â⣬޴ĹӰ
ʱǽֱۣʳָ£ΧĹӰܣһ֮£Ӱ̲ܵ˱
֮ȻָԿգȴûָаͣ٣ֱӴ͸˹ӰʹùӰܣ߽⣡
߽ɢɲǣָĺ绽ϣһ̴˽ҵĲսɫϢɢƴ˽磬ָչԿ


1326 ׷ɱ
ָ֮ǿĲ˼飬ĹӰܺڰ绽ɲǣʹô˽ʱ߽⣡
ָ̽ں绽ϰһ޴İΣϵУ˽Ϊҡ
ɫϢԿҪָ֮
Ӽٺˣĸܵ绽άֲ˶ãΣ֮ʱ˫¶һӣǰѷȻ
䴢ѷֵɲǣ绽缱ȫڣһָ谭ֱüİ£
ٵ˲䣬һͺǾ޴ĹָǣȻӴѷڳ֣赲ǰ
ǽֱʳֱָӾͰ˹ָ֮ϣһɲǷĻصʹǿղ
һѪָˣһ֮ӹָڴ͸ؿһѪͬʱֺ͸
ǽָҲָǵ˲һ٣Ƴ˺Ȼָ͸ƺҪɢ
ʹϮ˱ˣ˿̵һͷȻӶݣ򲻣ھʹȻˣɫָһ֮£̧֣ѪȻۣѪ֣Ƕסָݺݵһն
Ѫ˸ֱӾָ֮ϣٽɲǣֱ̧ҪȥץѪȴ˲䣬ѪȻֱ۴͸ֱն
нƺߴֱһΪȻɢ֮Уƴδֹһ㣬Ůǰ壬Ǳ˿һƬĩ
Ůɫ԰ףٴһѪӼˣ̶ߣ
ӲǰѪģѪ£һָܱ֮Ӱܡ绽ָ赲Ȼ͸һ˿ؿڴѰʿһ㲻Ҳˡ
ΪӵǿĻָƬ̣˿ھϵļǰŮߵɲǣһзǰһ׷
ѰǰŮ뿪ʱĲƣһΣضȥѰǲ׷ȥ
һĻŮӺֶ֮ǰоȫ෴ӱ׷ɱֱ·ǰŮӲ̶ֻݣ׷
ŮΪ죬ͶӰȴӵѪ⣬ʵһ㣬ˣҪ˿˽նɱպȻ鷳ϣ
ҴŮ϶أ䷽ʩչͨǽ䱾֮˿ͨǿ󣬴սɣŮϤ̫ǳҪɱҪ죡޷׷Ѱ֮أһǰ
׷ֲϵأ̫ǳڷչ׷ɱ
̫ǳڣһǿ֮УƻصǰŮĶɫмΪ¶ţһ˲֮¾Ҫ뿪˵ء
̣ɫһ䣬ҧ֮²˲ƣǼؼߣ뿪ɲǣ֮ǿղƳֵ֣Ӱ˸ûǰһٴʧ
˵׷Ϊݣʱ䣬ѾνʱԽԽ̣ǰŮǣһ׷˼ѹ
֮ǰǲܵ飬£еĽȴԽԽ࣡
ŲƣͿ԰ȫֻΣŮӳһǿ֮Уɫ԰ףһҪŲƶߣ³ֲƵɲǣغȻһȴǺ޾٣γһ޴У֮ӲĴŮӵȥ
ɫУִһ߳ɫ䣬֮˵ֱһӣȻǿգٴλأγ˷ӡ
תֱ£ص֮ǰŮ֮ڣѪӼˣ˵˲䣬ѪһŮӺֱӴ͸
ҽ֮ŮӰ³Ѫ˴ŤŤУȻ˸Ļ棡
УһŮӹڵϣǰһֻüġ
Ƭ̣ЩŤĻһɼΪŨɫϢŮ֮ðϢΪʵʣھȻ͸һߣ
ɫϢֲİͽ֮
Ůӵͽ֮ŨȴһŮһ˵𣬾Ȼϵֺ绽ڽɣ
ɫϢŮ飬Ѫ͸˿ڣ˲ϢѪӼˣɫϢİ£ȻںвԪٴɲɢ
ŮܳΪҺ绽֮ꡭȻĶǰŮȥɲǣһΣͬʱʧٴ׷ȥ
̫ǳڣУһƬǣħЫڣħЫ̫ǳǴ壬ײ֮ȴ˾֪
˿̣ħЫڣһ⣬ǿղƻصŮһѪϵ³֮ԥҪŲƶȥ
Σ֮ҵΣգ
׼ŲƶȥɲǣѪ⾪𣬴ڴ͸ֱŮü٣ɱ춯أѪٶ̫죬ŮӸ㣬Ųƣ
Σ֮УϵϢȻɢ赲ǰѪһһ
Ѫ͸Ϣȴڱıķ򣬴ŮҼ紩
ҽŮӼˣ񶾵ĶǰұҲ̧ʱָǴһ߳ŮӺݺݵһץ
ӣ
ۿҪհŮץסʱŮҧ⣬һѪѪҺϢںϣ̷춯صĺһɳɢ
ǳ֮£Ů̱׳ֵһץֱ֮·Ƕȥ
ͬʱŮӷļХ
ħЫڣ֮һ赲ˣ
˲䣬·̾ʿϢȻȴɲǼ䣬ȻϷɳǧʿ
Щʿһ֣̺ԥֱǿеֶ赲ʹǰŮóҩ£ͷ񶾵ĿһۣһΣҪٴŲƶȥ
ӶݣһӣȻת֮¾ͻǧɹǰ͵һ壬ָ̧ȭԽˣǰպݺݵһ
һ֮£غ䣬ǿƺҪһ޴ѷȻ޵ӳǿձ
ѷֵ˲䣬ǱصİŮӣ̱ѷıƳɫ԰Ӻˡ
ǰ֮£ǧʿͨ٣ַȴǿһۣǰһУǿâ˲Ϣ٣ǧ⣬ȻӰ
һͨһзӰɲǣȻȥ
ⷴ£ֺǧɹˣǰܲҽвϣȴЩʿͨˣһЩֱֵĳбײ壡
ʯ䣬Ȼٽ̧·˵İŮӣһȭȥ


1327 ƭ֡
ǧҲãǧʿҲգħЫУǴ˿Ҳɳ˴ʿ
£ŮӸоؼֻʣԼǧɹˣһȭ٣ûκ˿ΪԼ赲
Σ֮ȫɢɫϢȭͷٵɲǣЩɫϢĳüģȻģü֮Уԭƽ£Ȼһӡǣ
һεӡǣɢâӡǳֵ˲䣬ŮиֳһĻƺļ䡣
ǼУڵϣѡΪʥŮڽܴеһգǰ޳һֻƣƴůüһĨıӡĨȥ
ӽԺ㽫ҷ֮һ֮壬ҷͶӰˡͽ
һʱȴ˼̫࣬üӡǳֵɲǣϢȻһУкȻٵȭͷֱӶԿ
صǿһŮѪѪɫ׳ȴڱ׳ɲǣɫϢһȻƿһϣ֮С
һ飬¶֮âǰŮɢͬʱǰһȥͬʧǿգ
һߣǿչâ٣ֻʣʬٺһɫ𺳵ħЫʿ
̫ǳǿŤУɫϢûڰŮȻ;ƿݣ֮ԥһ
һŲƣȥұȣ
ŮҽɲǣغĺһǿһѪ˷٣ȻƿǿշŰŮӶ
ŮӿһֻۣǿԶǿ׷û֣Ŀ͸Թ뼥򽣴͸˲䣬ӽ͸ЩѪڴȴ޷ɰ˺
һΣҷŹ㣬һΣɣúñϵԡò˶ãǻټŮӽҪ͸ɢɲǣ˱Ļ
شģȴ̧ʳָһΪ

һתȻһ٣ȫҪ͸İŮӣҲ˲Ϣֹ֮ͣǰı볰
һУȫͣ٣ͣٵ˲䣬ֲ˼һ٣̧ŰŮӺݺݵһץ˫ĿԴתֳһɱԴ֮֡
ʹһץ֮£ƿһУڲϵŤУץ˰Ů͸ϣݺݵһקץ˳
˵ӲץŰŮӣɢŮӵѸٴ͸ʵʣ¶޷֮ɫ͸֣
Ӵ˿ȻָСץŰŮӣ̧ŶԷһҪѻ̴꣬ŮھŨŨϢǹ֣ǻŮ
ѻָ꣬᲻÷Ů֮꣬ɫϢɲǣֺһѪֱӴӰŮ룬ɫϢ֮ǰбԪ
Ϊֻ꣬Զ
ǰŮһ˲䣬ں绽УһŮӵĻǣһɼΪ֮ȻŮӻɢգ
ǰŮ֮ڻΪѪˮʱһߴʬ˸ֱ޶ȥ
ߣԶŰУڰŮͶӰ˿̰Ů߾Ҫƿޣصеߣ
͵̧ͷѪһֱնǽߣΪģȴ޼᲻ݵѪȻǽϴ͸û˼߰㣡
ǽߺƲǴӴ˽֮ûʵһ㣬һͨ˺ۿǽ߷ɳԽԶҪʧ
ʱȴһĴռѷ쾹ȻܿƵд򿪣ڣ߳һŮӡ
Ůһ£ʬ
ĴӴѷ߳ǽԶȥĽߣɫ͸ãۿǽƿޣȻʧӰŮ̧֣һץ
ǿպʧ޵Ľߣʱ⵹һ㣬ʧٴ¶Ӱӣڲϵ£û˿õѸٽŮӣŮץС
ǽһŮ֣֮̾ҵĲƼΪη壬аŮĬĬнߣ֮лǳãһ
һ֮£ǽ̺ȻһƬɫŮϣƱɡ
˫ۣǰһĻŮӵݣͲɣ̫٣޷֪ݡ
ӵˮڴѷڿŮӺɫ䣬¶η֮ɫֱ֪ʬݣǵУ
ˣôΪ˵һ߱ʬ塭εõִϤʬԷУȻ͸ãԶ֪Щʲô
Լ˭ô֮ƽĿڡ
ŮӳĬͷ֣ãŨҡҡͷ
ֻǸоǽϢϤ
Ŀ΢ɲһϸĴһŮӣȻ˵㲻ԶŰ֮һɣ
˵ʱĿ磬Ůӵ˫Ŀ
ŮԶŰ֣еãŨûм䡭Ѻ󣬾һֱ벻ˡ
ɫ¶ʹ࣬ҡͷתѷ죬ƺֻܲȥԼйص飬ĬĬش
ڽ봢ѷһ̣Ůȴһ٣ãһ˿ԥһ£תͷ֡
Ҿ벻ܶ飬ƺ֪һЩʲôܿһЩͽ֮Լǵãһֶһġƭ֡ƺʧȥһС
ѷŮӵĽʧǿС
ĻȴȻˣʹ˫¶Ŀ֮âӷ֮ˮһսУεĻڣ޲͸ͽǳΪĹؼԴĹؼ
أԼҲⷽΪ£ŮӵĻȴǽȻ෴
ûɵģָоһ󷢺̧ͷǿգĿ¶˼
ƭ֡
Ƭ̣һΣضȥ
ŮΪҺ绽̫֮꣬ǳʱӦ˻עҡˣ˽ԴɵĻᣡУ
ݱɵĽʿ䣬ڣûеʿڡУһƺٵʹڵ磬겻ʼչᴩأʥҲͬԴȪ
ɴףӦ֮Դͽ𡭡֮˭˵ģ桭سɴ֮£һƬİڣ˫Ŀһ¶⡣
٣ҪΪ裬һ޵Ҳδʲôͽȫƾ֮仯ǱԴҲи򣬲ν𣡡ٴأżڳȥ


1328 
嫵У̫ǳڣһ䣬̫֮Уպڡ
ԶԶȥͬһ޴׳أں죬ԶҲų
ǿһʿҪԶԶܿһ٣ƣ̾ͻᱻ׳ع
ǧͬʱ٣춯أҲ˵ûеʿȻԳΪ̫ǳԭ֮һ
ͬҲйԻ͵ĹȥǰǳΪڷзһ壡
Уһ겻ɢڵ޶ʱ̶¡¡ľ죬֮أ֮޽һ
ڣأΪɭϣѰ˺̤벽ڴػûеʿ壬ȴһˣΪﵽ˵˥Ϊʿ£ǿߣ
˵壬ͭǽڣǿڶ࣬統һ㣬ƾһ֮ڽսң
еˣ׷׵֮Ϊ׷ȫ޵ãƿأ֮⣬֮ԴӶٿֵľ֮С
ֻ̤ٿ֮ľߣʵ̫̫٣ҲΨеԻ֮ʱһ˳Ϊ˵ܡ
˵ˣûеΪҪӲ壬ȴѱȵһ㣡
ƽվ⣬ǰﴦĽޣ䣬׳أ罻裡
һۿȥþ󲿷ʿ𺳣֮£̤벽˵أֵ֮׳Ҫǿ
δٽͿĸܵȫëƱһɴҡڣ׳ǿգҲ֮ʱ𻨡
֮ʱ˰̫ӵ֮Ԫ񣬵ؼ֮أҪ룬ҲҪΪѣҺп;ȴǿд룬֮˳֣Ϳɽɱ
ڣ߲ʽ˵Σе֮ԴֶĲٿأȻﵽһµĳ̶ȣĬĬǰ֮ǰһΣ
ûκųȻڵӴ׳أõ󷨣ٶȲ죬ǰУĵûע⣡
ľ룬ֵǰУ˰ʱ䣬ؿԽһǰȥÿһ£ȫëһһ˿˿֮ɢÿһëлơ
ƽϲޱ˺ƽ뵽һֿľ磬Уǰû壬еģֻһƬ޽ֻڣһأ֮ʱµĲ
Խ̤׳صɲǣ׳غȻһ޾ǰһУȫȡȻǿӳյһƬͨ͸
ͬϵİһ㣡
һ׳ߣ٣ܣֵ֮ţ˿̤׳֮УİӣҲ׳֮ڣ
޾ߵ˲Ϣ٣ֱŶȥ价Ƶͬʱ˳ȫ˿ǻˣɲǣͻȫѪⱬԪܲס޷ݵ
ռ䣬Ҳһзʧȥȫã
ֱ˫ۣ˱׳صͬһŴڣɡʹ⣬ȫ޾׵磡
֮ϵػص춯أֵһʼձְֻ̤׳صӣʱ仺ţתһȥ
һɲǣͻȻ׳غƲһ䣬͵˫ۣĿڣһӡǼ˸˲Ϣ䣬˸ǧΣ
ÿһ˸ͻŨһЩ̼䣬ȫȡǰһȫ̤֮У
̤ɲǣ׳أ˾ҵĺ߷ߣ
ֻǰȥߣһ·ºƻɿڣʹһ̾ͬɣ壬ֱĿۣĿͫеӡǣԽԽ
ǰУҲ֪˶ãȻ뵽׳ص֮࣬춯أγһŵһУʶ޷͸Ŀᱻ˺ѣ
ϥ£ĬĬ֮УȫԽԽ࣬˷۶ԽӾ֮£׳أ
ģֵϢһ׵ʧϥǰ˫ۣͰ㶼޷
˿̵֣ȻΪһ磬׳ںϣֱ˴ˣ
֮һӡǴֱպϵĿڴ͸̫죬˲Ϣ׳ڣԶ߶ȥ
ӡǿȥһѰ磬ǰУ׳ڵһҪΪõΪָʹ֮٣ԽԽ죡
ޱ޼ʵ׳أһ޴ĻΣһƬû磬ʮǣ
ЩԶԶȥ˵⣬׵۶ǣ
֮гԲԲȦģһƵƯ½ƵĴ½ƬƴһĴ½ϱ״򣬱Ե֮ʯƯ
ƵĴ½ͨɫûаڣκһȴǴм俪ʼ֪ǲƵĴ½ʥأ
Ǵ½ϣһͨһ޽ٵ磬֮ϣδϣ
һƬϸȴԿھȻ̺ɫЩɫһ𣬻
˿̣ʮ֮һһɫϣٳĶ
ЩǧдСǣÿһˣ֮ء
壬һ꣬ӵһΪ󣬾ͻֱ뿪ĸǣȥʮϣԼѰҶߴбԼ٣Ҳᡣ
֮ڶɱһͻܵϳֻͣҪһжû⣬ַпڶУһˡ
ߣ̭
ʱɫϣһµ꣬ؿѪģͷãȻһƬƽԭ֮ϡ
ǰĴأһۿԵ˿̵飬ųдű
ҺԼʲߣҺԼΪʿҸԼˣૣɫŤ
ǣˣһѪЦе˵ϣʱգеıԽԽŨ
ҲΪʿ˵һ˫۽ɢȴָ̧֣Ƭ̺¶ԼüӡǺݺݵһץ͵һק
Ѫɽһץ֮£Ȼüĵӡǣ˺
ЦУ˫ۡ
˫ĿϵɲǣһƿޣգƺĴڣһͣ٣ֱü˿˲Ϣ


1329 
Ȼ٣ü֮ڣһɢĻȻֹͣǼƱ
ü˺˿ڣɿϣѪģ֮Ҳں̵ܶʱڣָˡüģһӡǣٴγ֣˸ɢĹ⡣
ã껺˫ۣ
˫ڣްų뱯еģֻһƬɣĿƿһУ͸Уȹ¡
һɺϢ˫۵ɲǣ䵹֮һƬݵأ˿ݱϢһ壬ʱ׷׵£Ʋǰֱ
⸱壬ŤŤͷվ
һǿΪת֮һ̴˷ۣȴͣԭĽᵤڣûни
֣
׼ȷ˵ֵһԪᣬı壬޽ڣ׳ںϣֻûпΪһ֮Կ壬Ϊ̫ǳ֮һǿ߶Ȼ١
ֱӳȥŲ֮ףȴģĴۣ
ʶ˴㣬ԶķʽΪ֮ˣȥǲ֮ףװ֮ˣκǲٿ֮ˣ
¶δȫ֮˵壬һʧӵģҲǾ˴˲֮뿪󣬴˻ɻָĲٿأִڵʱ䳤̣˻컯
һӣֵΪԲȥǶںڵƣҲûᡣ
һļ䣬֪ڷǣһΪѰʿĸ˫ֻʣ¶һˣںò׽ᵤ֮ﴫ丸ĸһ
ⶴ֮ԣǽϺãΪȻ޷ӵ̫ãǻôкĵ죬ͱǿᣬϡ
꣬ΪʼͣͣʿʹԪһЩֻģ˵Ϊʹ࣬裬ʹ
ǽգһԪӤʿ֮£ԪӤʿǵ֮ˣڷǸĸΪµһ׹֦
ԪӤʿڷΪֲ׹׹֮˵¿ʹӡһЩԪҲӡ
ֻҪ׹죬ҪһΪǽᵤʿʱ޿֮ɡ
ڷ֪ԼΪͣͣԪԥ֮£ֲľſ׹һţȴ˴
ǰ֮˲ɱͱ˵ûȴܵ˼裬ȫˣһΪߣԪӤϡ
ڷǵļܶݣڳ̫ĸһĺԼ壬һˣԸŤ
ֵʶڷǼ뿪Ŀ΢΢һ
׹ӡһЩ̫ǳ֮ڶʿ̫ǳϤ˲١
̫ǳȫͬǲ⾳ȫΪüӡ֮ϣӡڴ֮Խ࣬ǵΪҲԽߣ
üĵӡǣӡ۶忴һʵȴǲ켫
ӡǣǴŲ֮лãǲ֮ױһ飬ôеüӡǣķ֧
ֵüӡǣȴеڲϣԶԶظӡǣǲ磬ڵͬ״̬
׹оһ¡й֮£ڷǰΪ֪࣬ԪӤʿֻøȫһЩֳǰһȥ簴ڷǼеĶ۶ȥ
Ǻܴûм˲ǰȥǷĿڴɨʶɢ۲
ʱֵǰХ֣һжŮˣ£òӢŮӣҲǽ֮ˡ
̤ŷɽǰ̸ЦΪпɣȻ˽ᵤڵӣŮӣǽᵤڡ
Ц̸Ŀһɨ̾ͿԶе֣ǿָһֱۣӷɹüͷһ塣
ڷǣ
ţʶڴɨƷһЩйǵأǰ֮ʱǰӿ־ȻᣬкһһΣı䷽ֱֶȥһӣһ˸׹ķɽֱӴ䴢˸һ䣬ֱֶȥ
ڷǣôĵӣӾȻݼ
׹ⳤ䣬ȴٽֵɲǣһͣ˰գջʶתɨһǰӡ
㣬ں˵ô
򵥵һ仰˭˵ڣ仰ֿ˵ڵڷǣ˫ĿɢĮ֮âȴͬޱ߷籩кɨ
ǰ׵壬ڿ˫Ŀɲǣڽ𵤺˺ƱУַ޾֮ڣһȫⶼԷһۿ͸͸ûκصĸо
Ȼģڽһ£ֹͣһתϸǳѷ죬ƳܲסĿ⣬Ҫһ
ŮӣԭֵĿųϷŪֵתһ仰ĴĿ£ȴ˸оغƵһ㣬һ˲䣬ǰǸһųڷǣΪԶޣɢ棡
ֻһͿǺȻһ
кȴһƬְ˵Ĺ죡
ǰɫ԰ף˫ۻɢ¶޷ݵľ֡
üͷΪʵڲԸ۸ȽСջĿ⣬תԶȥ
һֱ뿪˺ܾãǰһѪŮͬѪڽѷ죬ڻ
ŮɫҰףΪ̵ˣĴӽᵤڣ
ǰ꣬ͬ鿪ǰʧ֮Ŀ⣬˺Ȼ𾪡

໥˿˵Թ޵˼־㣬ֽٺ֮С
ڷǼڵĶڲ֮󣬳Ŀ⾡ͷǶȷ֮һɽ֮ڣֵĿ£ǿɽڻһСӣ˺ϴˢˮ峺ɢ
һЩƷֻЩʵǡ̫̫
ɫƽ˫ǰȥһ̤֮ǶУ˶ɽ⣬һٽҲʩչʲôͨɽžͺ֮Լ򿪡
ûκͣⶴǰߺϣʮɫҵ˸ȴⶴֽͬʱ
ֿһ˹ȥ
ǰʮ⣬һϥߣ˫ۣ֣Ŀɿڴ֮Уͫ¶캧Ȼ


1330 װ
˫ֱ֣֮ɫ˿޷ΰ㣬붨ûκβ£֮žͺ
飬޵δоëȻģڶԶ򿪵ɲǣһΪϤӰ߽
ⶴ̲˴ĽƣһЩвӡһȫᵤʿڱɣԪӤϹ̤룬вҲˣпܾʹ
ȴĿϤӰһڽƺâ˸У˹
һ̣ͷƤ飬ǶԷǱĿ⣬ͬĶϣ̾ʹԪӤһʹĿ⻯ʵʣȫ͸ԪӤҲ޷ѣ
һѹӶԷһٽζһ̤ͬԪӤ֮ϣɫ˲԰ףһѪкȻȻ
ڡڷǣ
߹ƣ뵽ⶴڣĿԪӤСһɨջزȥǴⶴܡ
ⶴСʯ䣬ǹͨɽȣһСԽڡ
ˮ֮ȴǹСʣȻ˲ٵݡ
ⶴǸɾû˿ңʯҲΪ⻬䵹ӰǶϷһ޴ͼ̻תһʹϷʯڱ͸ʹڶڣͿԿǿա
ԪӤļȴһҲҶ޷֮ɫȻŨУ־ͺⶴˣеĴԼΪߣ塣
̧ͷŶϷ󷨣󷨾ֲڣҲо֮
̧ͷ˲䣬ɱһ͵ǰһ壬ȴʩչԪӤʿſӵе˲֮
˲ƣԪӤᵤԵһӵ˲ƵԪӤϹ֣ڽᵤʿǿ޷Խ
˲Ϣ֮ɲǾͳſھͻһ̹⣬̹̺һףڶԩӰ̹ڣֱֺ
߿³ٴ˲ƣҪ뿪ⶴ֮زز
׼˲Ӷݵɲǣȴ˫͵صɳڰȫͣ٣ǰ亹£ǰԭӦ֣Ȼ֣Ŀһۡ
ôָ̹ףһ˦ˣһѪһײǽڣоռȫʧ㡭ôôǿ
ָһ̹ȻϨɢӰ
һĻشʹһɫްѪɫԪӤήңɫѪ
㲻ɱң֮ͬ䲻ɱҪɱңг϶ߴ˿Ȼ־ȫֵǿȻôҲ޷뵽һ֮ǰǽᵤԼϵʿȻ֮ǿ˳̶ȡ
ֻǻû˵꣬ʶɢһֻδֱհ֮ϣתǿΪ£ʸûУӾҵĲƬ̺˵ϻԹȥ
ԪӤߵļ䣬Ŀ˼
̫ǳɱ֮˲࣬üȫһȴǶ˽Ϊϸ˽⡣
ɢķʽʹ֮ѧṴĶǣѧǿʳɴܱһٮٮߣ
ʮǣžס˵ĸ⣬ʮţȫ˵ǣÿ꣬һʥصΨһҪʮȥ
ΪһʥأԽӴǲ֮ףʹӡ࣬ʹýʥΪ
¾һ֮սꡭһķȴǼΪȤǵȥΪɱҪ׾
׾һˣͿɽʥأᣬǲܷŹĽʥأǲ֮ףĿ˸һץԪӤüĵӡȻȴĹһڷɳһö
̫ǳ֮ˣٻôǵüӡ̺ռ䣬һƷɷڡ
֣׵ľʶӡ£ֱӿݡ
̺һʱת󷨣ںϣڵݣʱڱ仯ȴһŰ񵥣
ϣһ֣˰٣ÿһֺ棬һ֣֣ľ׾
֮Ȼǰ˰٣Ψн˰֮ڣſд˰
ʮǧɨһеһ׾֮üͷɵһ£еһ֮ˣΪɼӡ
ʮھǧеڶ֮ˣΪܽء
Ҵһɨǵڰ˰Ҳʮ׾ⶴڵԪӤߣ׾һЩ΢
׾ʵһֳƺҪ׾ķкܶ࣬ģǷףǹͨǷҩֱ֮࣬ϣ֮׸壬Ϳɻȡ׾
֮ȡ֮࣬迴Ʒ
飬ֲǵһ״ν֮أºƣ֮Ҫս壬ǻһַȫ֮˷Ѽ֮ʹ˲ΪߣɻԴ
ҲȤĿһһģԪӤüӡȫ򿪣ڷɳһҩһ˦ȫߡ
ûɱȻ֪Ͻ֮ɱһ֣ؾͻ顣
ȥǻԵߣ򶴸֮ͨ·ɽڣˮ֮ԽǰԶһСʡ
ӵԣɲݣעģһɢ΢֦֮ﳤɽȱϣ֮̽Լ߳ߣȭͷСɫӡ
ֹ۲׹֮ʱڶǧȴĵХĵ֮վĸߣ˾Ŀ磬ΪһˣǴﵽԪӤڣɫưкâת
ߵںһһָǰ˵壬ǰεĶ⸽ʮڣΨһһԪӤϹ֣˲ٵı
ԪӤһͷɫ¶֮ɫ˵ܺãºȥȡôΪڰ£Ȼȡ
ᵤʿ¶ϲ֮ǰ˵֮æлЦ˷ȡεбɻȡ׾ʱڵĵλҲ߳١
ԪӤ߿һ˵Ľᵤʿƽ˵Ϸȡ֮ҲԼȥ׾ҪװȻܿͿڣ
һᵤʿ¶𾪣ɫΪ


1331 Ϊǰ
ɽڣ֦ϵÿһ׹ܣϸС磬߲ϡ
׹ôһץһ׹֦УϸĿһۣɫʵ̺˲֮ʳ֮£Ըʣʹڵ⣬ʺʩչͨ
ڷǵļУһ׹Իȡһö׾׹δ̷˫һ׹Ȼ鿪һϸ΢˸˳ڣԪա
˫ۣԪĬĬĹ۲׹̺֮Ƭ̺˫ۣĿ̧ͷĿ⴩͸ɽȣ˶⣬ɫƽ૵Ҫȥȴû뵽Լ
˿̣ĵХٽܿϿգԪӤ߿ڣߵĽᵤʿ߳һˣ·ȵΣڴˣٳӼ
䣬붴ڣþòɢ
ԪӤߵͷһ۶Ľƣüͷһ壬Ľ֮ǰ߹ʱδʹ俪ǽ΢ԪӤ߿ȴǳ˾
ģһ˿Σ
ܳΪԪӤϹ֣СⶴĽ󷨣;ǵСֹ߽ᵤʿɭɭĿڴ
ѣϷºĴ֮һˣװ񣬹ʶѷһЩҩ֮ǰһԪӤΪȫɢ̺ڣƮ붴֮С
ɲǣ·ź򿪣׳һ˵ϣǻԵΣ
ͻȻֵһĻ̾ᵤʿһ㶣º˫ͫһ
ҪôһǶڴֵģһµ֣ݣڻ߳һѹ
㡭ڷǣᵤʿһˣȻʶڷǣ˿һϳѹ£ȴǽ𵤲Ҳ޷š
ԪӤĶ֣ԪӤ𶯣˲֮УվʶɨȻûа㷢ƴ˲һ㡣
ָоֻйȴִƺڴˣҲ޷ǰ֮˵Ϣ
ͷƤģǹɴӶԷϴѹѹ֮ǿܼΪ̣ѹ£Ҫһ㣬ǶԷǱĻеɲǣƻһ˺֮ҪԼ˺һ㡣
亹ڳºһĭӻȥȭϷβʶǵһοˣȻϷ뿪ǣᣬᣡѹƲԪӤˣоڷǶȻΪǿ֮ԼԵֿȷŹԷٻΪ
ᵤʿҲоˣҪԶ
ôˣɫ¶ЦЦ֮ɫɨһۡ
һ֮£ԪӤʿºпһԥ˫ǰһģһɴᵤʿֱ赲ͬʱӼˣȫ亹ʪ˾Ҫ˲ߡ
֮ͬ䲻֮ȴԷϵΪԼɱ߶һмΪ˽⣬Ǹɳ˲٣˿ȻУһͷӣ
ֲȥ˲ƵԪӤʿ̧ǰһӣᵤʿҽУüӡǺķ֮ɳһ˦ߣǰһ̤֮С
ᵤʿѪһһڴأڽ𵤱˵ûȴΪϣ
ºոʩչ˲ƣĲҽУ⣬ԥ˲ƶߣʧ֮С
֮ʱȻ˺Զһٴ˲ƣ̫֮󣬵ȴͣ٣óҩ̷ٴ˲ƶߡ
ֵӰΪ˿ɢƣѹԪӤԼӵ˱׷ϡ
һ˲ʮΣֱ˽ʮڼ´ҩ˵ƴһ㡣˲֮ʱŵٻͬھԮ
壬Сɺܶ࣬ɣһ㣬Ȼ棬ܹɼ롣
ºȫˮ˲Ϣ˶Σ֮ʱһ˲ǰйâ˸ȴһµ˲ƶüͷɨºһۡ
ϣ˺˾ţȻȣ
ºӺ˿δشԷĻ̻ͷʶɢһɨûвֵļſЦҪ˵
һɲǣһºɢĴ
ˣ
º˲ͷƤ飬˫ͫ¶쾪֣ﻹӽ̸̷ǰ˲ƶߡ
Ҳһ㶣صɲǣԪӤƱشݺݵһѪºΪ޾Ȼ˼º˲ƶߣ
ɢҪϵΪ
˷Ӷݣһ·ϧķѵҩаͣ٣໥ֻֿ˲ƶ֮ĵ̫࣬Ȼ޷ܡ
º֮ˣԼҲͰˣҪңҧгݣӶĶºһۣԹ졣
ºɫ԰ףɫ˿־壬Ҫ˵̣˾ŵһλصء
ȣԪӤʿȥɽţ򡭡ϵΪ
ºǰó򣬺ԥ飬ºǣѸ˽һᣬǿ޷й
һʱϳ˼ΪһĻĸԪӤʿǰֻ̼ۣɫֵͬʱ¶ҧгݵĺ⣡
ǵɫ糣һȥĸˣһ·º˵£;ڵĳϣ˳ȺһչӶݣòֵҪȥɽš
ԶԶأǰϳһɽ壬ɽ岻ߣҲƣһʯ״ɽѶ¡
ɽ嶥һЩ¥ҲһЩɵӡ
ǰǰڡĸԪӤʿŨŨľºæ˵
һ·˱ƵĲϼۣ˿ȻڼϾֺȻǰĥ
ֿɽһۣһӣʱһɿƾճֱ֣ӾĸԪӤʿϣüӡ̱ҽ֮дӡڷɳ֮ȫߵͬʱ˵屻ţֱƿɽһɽŴ㳡֮ϣ
ڣһƬһЩΪߵˣԭڹ㳡ɣ˿һŴձµĴϣ˵
ǰǰˣž֮Уڴ̳һˣӸݣòΪȴǴﵽ˻ڣ˫۴žӨ֮ϵ֣ɫΪ
ڿǰһ̣ҵþòƽǰΪͨ죬˿ɱȣ̶̵һ˲䣬ҺǧǰٴֻпǰӰʹ޷ƽϢֻ࿴ۣһֱԪսᣬÿһΣȫתһ˲׹Ϊǿؼ䣬Ҳֻǰͨ˵Щϣ峤ǰʱҲǰȰ
ǰԸȫѼķȫ׸ǰֻǰ֮꣬ʱǰԼ֤ǰ죬ǰǰ䣬Ϊǰն̣Ϊǰն£ΪǰһеˣΪǰϹѰ
ֵΪ֮˼ĻУҲɵһ£
ʵϣǻκһʿһҲ


1332 
Ǹʿ֮͸ϣ·㳡֮ϵ֮ˣҲһĿɿڴʱղ̣ҲδһϰԵȻ˵һ
һƽɫҲʿĻ£¶ŹֵЦݡ
Ǹʿûа֮ɫƷ˵һж쾭壬һ⸱飬ʹЩóַϵΪ
ֵǣȻһ۾ͿһжǸʿĻ飬Ȼ֪޷ԼֿΨˣпܱסΪ
ʲô֡ӴӰ£ҶƮվڹ㳡֮ϡ
ǰĻӴ飬СӵӣСĺ飬һε˾ֻΪǰն̣ն£ǸʿҪִֻϡ
ˣѼɻ׾֮
Ӵɫ򶨣ȴ˵ӣ֮ǰڴŹ㳡ڴµĺʶһɨһ۾ͿշĴϣ˷ȥΪ¡ʱһȻŭ
ŭȴֵɲǣʱһʧΪ˻ڣܲʿһ⾳üӡȴǿɣΪԭӴʿУ߼ʶ
֮ʱľȻ֮Уָо꿴ʶʿʱҪǿȻ֮£ڴһ޵Ϊ飬ԥ̻֮ɫС
УֻùΣһΪ֮ʱԴ˻һΣڶΪԪӤʶʿǰҲоգһЩô£ʩչ޵֮
Ӵ鿴ԼһͨΪΨ޵֮ǿ󣬿ڹؼʱ̱סΪʶϰ¯࣬Ϊɱﵣ׾ó
˿ֵķԸæһüģʱüľĹ˸ȴڶ໻ȡ׾֮йһԶѻСɽ
ǰЩСѹΣ˵ûرмֵ֮ʤ࣬СĹ㣬Իȡ׾Ӵ˵ʱϵع۲ɫüͷ΢һľҧ֮æ˵
ǰСĻһЩأҲȫ͸ǰ˵ţٴüӡһģַɳƷ
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Ӵתͬ¶΢ЦȭӴ飬ǴӵӣǴĺ飡
˵Ŀ⣬ɲǼײЦݲ䣬תתջĿ⣬Ҫ˵ӴȴһְĵǰС˲٣СȥǵĻȡ׾֮ҲҪ׸ǰ
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˵㣬Ӵ֮ΪѼЩȡ׾֮ɣƽ˵׼ҩȥȡ׾һضó֮ʶСͣĿӴ龡Ѽ˵ķ֮ԼĶȥ׾
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1333 
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߳ѷ죬չǰģһʵɽ壬ɽ嶥һΪݻĴ׵ߣ֡
׾
ܳȴЩʿһɽ嶥ȥӴ̤ͬȥܿɽվ˴֮¡
ӣţֱǶϣжΪȡ׾֮׾׾ҩ֮ء
ţΨдͨʿŻ룬巢ڣ񣬿Եõ׾Ӵֲ֪δ׾Щɻ󣬵ָĺôװ֪
ЩȻӴ֪Եͷƽ˵ҶǰȥͿɣʱԻ֪ͨ㡣
Ӵæǡ
ֲӴ飬ĿݻĴջأΪһ۾Ϳ̺˿ռ֮⣬һʵȴǹĲռ䡣
룬ͬĿռ䣬һ޽֮ţʶһɨȴķ֣ǵĸռڣоŹϢɡ
ǿ߲٣ŹϢУˣˣһ˾Ȼﵽֲɫ׾ȥ
ڶ࣬һǵȺΪ֡
Ƕڣʿ࣬߳󣬶˷֮ɫغҴҶߣͬģһЩȻ̫ãı֮۽ɫƽ¶˼
ĻԸйأͬҲ͵ĴСкĹǧ޵͸һУĻ֮˿ЩϹ֣г
Ͼ磬Ϊ⣬Ҳܷȥص㡣
δż붫ţ￴˰죬ɫĮһӣǶȥﲻʶκˣͬģҲʶڼɫĮҲڨ̸
̤ⶫŵɲǣ̾ĸܣ뵽һٳĿռ֮ڣǰһ޴ĺɫӣڶཬ֮ʱһݡ
ǳԱߣϥߣΪһ˵ʵ˾龳磬֮
֮ǰӴļУ֪λȡ׾˿Ҳϻǰüӡһģ̾дĻȡ׾֮йȻǾ޴ĳڣཬһڿɡ
ֻ֮δϥߣ˫ĿϸĿһۣ¶֮â
˸˵أܿһóô໻ȡ׾֮ɵע
ϵΪתʱ仯ǰ˿Уһʶʿ
Ƭֱ̺лȡ׾֮ﶼóڳ̵ɫ糣һóһöڷ֮ڣǼ¼׾֮
һףڳڣģǺڳдһƵʱཬɳֱһС
ͬʱϵˣӵеװ̴ƣϵİ񵥣˱仯
ÿ׾죬װұ仯ӣϵҲ֮仯ϣǰ˰ٵֺٻиı䣬Ҳͬѡ
գһ̣װ򴫳ʱȴǼΪңֻһͣǾ˽װ
弸еʿ׷óװ̿ȥ
һλȻɼӣֻ׾ȴ֮ǰʮǧ˶ʮھǧ
ʿһʶڰɨһЩߣԴӺ濴ȥ̾Ϳװƾҵˣ
߰پʮλڷǣ׾֮ʮǧ֮ڰ˰λ߳ǧ
ڷǣ˲֪ĸ֮ˣһӾͽװ񣡡
˲δţڶ࣬Ҳܶʶܽװ񣬵ҲС˵󣬵ֻҪ֮ˣ˵ĵط
ֵҲüǣڷǣڷǣװ任ӣ֪˵ܷȶ󣡡
һ̣ʮڲͬλãйֵۣϾװֻ800ˣܽ룬̳
ڷ֣Ҳһ˲䣬֮ܶˣ


1337 
ڵ׾ӳڷɳҪȥʱϥڳԱеһˣڡ
ڷǣ
ɫƽ˵ͷ
ߴּۣ˵Ϸѹ»ɱ򾲣Ҳᶨ֮ˣۼ꣬ڽղȫȡ׾Ҳɿ˼֮
ʸţȥûʺϵֻеͽʿŻԴȡ׾Ȼܽװȥ񣬵õ׾ࡣ¶ͣɫƽӡ
΢΢һЦһͷû˵
û뵽Ŀ£װһ̣չǸ̤֮װˣҪͳһЩ컯һö裬Ϸѹ˰ǧŰٱˣһӣ̾һĴָС˸Ʈǰ
һЦһͬгһö򣬻֣гڼ¼һ幦˵ã֮£ȴɿӡ࣬Ϸļ񡣡
һߣҲǾʵΪ֮ˣϴ΢ЦϸĿּۣЦҲ㷨ҩһ仰ȥţѡǿȡ׾ķ򣬿˳ӹ񡣡˵ţһӣһöɢ׹֡
ף˼ڣδһʡ
ܽװҲ֪һЩ飬о֮ʱգȴǷ׷ؼ乲ȫӵĪ֮
ֱ֮֮ף֮ףԪ֮ףź֮ס֮֮ףȥ񣬲Ϊ˻ȡ׾ҪǽӴ֮ˣȥɡ͡
ֵͷһȭתȥ
߳ţ̾⴫̸ۣڷǶ֡ɫ糣ִЩʿߴĿ¶
֮ס弴ǲٿϲң׵оȴߵ˵Ƿ켫ĵزʵСȥѡס֮ף⵽ǺءֳĿһո˵Ըı׼ȥ֮·ǵתȥţ
׾ţʿΪϡ٣һƬտֻʱŻ˴߳ɫ糣ֻ̺ܿ˾ɥƺûзֻ޷ܵӡ
վ˰죬ɫݵȥһţһռ֮ڣ˵غܴ󣬺һ㣬ڶ磬кصȻ˵ر˴󲿷ô֮ƾԶ
ڣΪﵽʵϥ䣬ĿĮ֪Щʲô
УƯϰٸÿһɢ⣬ֻǵĹâǿͣǿĿ
ȻǸ˵ص⣬ʮʿɢվڸ̧ͷʶ쿪Ͽյϰٸһһɨ
ǺħȻڣ
֮ǰѷ⼫ΪܵصӣҲͬվɫƽ¶ϲŭĿⶢһöâǿ
ֵĽ룬ûκע⣬ʶڲ΢ɢƯһһööɨ
Ƭ̺Ȼ
Щ򣬱ڣ־У巢һа뿪׷ɱĳޣвɼĳЩΪصĲϡ
âԽѶԽߣͬģõ׾ҲԽࡣ
һɨ֮£ĿһöɢĿâϣǡǡ
ǰ߰أ١ֳʼδ̫⣬˼ۺȴһ㶣ϸĿ
٣ͷ߰ڣ۷壬ƿطɽ֮ޣѼ֮ס
ݺܶ࣬ȫȴ𺳣ȻˣЩţ
ν֮ף֣飬ؼһвľޡʿȵ飬ЩͨΪﵽ˻۷֮󣬾Ӧɽ磬Ϊˣ
һ㣬ףȸ֮ʱ֪ɽΪһ˻۷壬Ϳɶɽٷɽ磬ӤڣʵϾһʶӤʿҪУ
壬һط棬ųƹһǿߣǵܣҴ岽۷壬Ұ֮ˣö
Ҵ˲Ƕһ˲ãһЩʿİɣط˳֮Ϊ߰أ
˼壬˵Ǹط߰أͬ߰磡ڴ飬ͬɣ
Ϊɽڣ˵ʼΪɽڣֻɽ磬壡
ÿһ߰ڵ飬УϣΪһЩԭ򣬾ָ߽ʿһдﵽ۷ߣͻ֣
ͬģһЩ߰صʿʾˣֻΪرԭڵһ
ٵĽ£ᷢ䣬Ӷ۳֮еġ֮ף
ǿ۳֮׵߰еĶɽʿǶɽٳɹɽ磬ѻΪ߰еĴ˵£˸뾴вϣ
࣬Щɽٳɹʿ𣬳Ϊ֮ףǽ֮ɣˣ
߰˵٣ֻڲͬ׾ڣһѣ
֮󣬲ŴѹɢĿâСС˳Ĭ
̤̫ǳֺܶζ̫ܵǳǿεĻҲһֱڣᵽ̫ǳ֮ǿ
һǵõ֮սеһο̫ǳ֮ˣԳơһ壬һ̫ǳ֮һȻ˵ܣ˵Ĵֱʣ˼ţ
ɫӣϣԼС塭
ˣĲ֮ףҲһҪգ壬ҲһҪ𣡡һ澳ûбѹȸӲУӲУ˲У첻УˮӣҲһУ
ĽӴأӴ̫ǳţȴǼĲ
ҵҪ֮ףǺֲԥ̧һץץȥ˲䣬ʼճӣȴͬ˾֮ǰ̧֣ץ
Ӿܽ·ټϳֱҪ죬̧üͷһ壬һɣͱץ
ɨһֻۣ˵һ֡
ĮưһѹΪʿ֮ϵİȻУ־һ΢ϣ־ͿɰǧΣһָ顣
СҲҺ򣬼ֱǲ֪һ㣡
ɫ䣬к΢ɲһҪɱ˵ǰף


1338 ɱ
޵ǧһ·֣ƾǵĻ벻˵һժµĵ
ܣڴˮһս̫ǳɭ׷εֶ̫ǳɲ֮У壬ҲѡŻ
һУȴеߣ̤ߣ޷Ըһ֮ǰȻŻȻҪɱˣ
սҰս֮Դ֮⣬Ȼٹһ㣡
ӣΪ͸Լǰк˸ӣǽ¶Ц
УӶʱһ£һΣ֮УȥֻʶʿһССʶʿˣüͷһ壬ɱ⡣
Ҳ󲻵˿ð˽׾вһ֮ˣʵϣ˵Զޣ죡
һɲǣ˵صʿ˫ۣ˲ϢĿ۶һ˸վӣ֣Ȼ˵ڷǣ
Ŀһǣ̾жϳ˵֪֮֮Լ֣֮ǰڶſռԼʵСЩ
˵һֱ֣˦˵ʿ
ʿĿһס˿ϸĴƬ̣һȭЦǰ˱棬ǹУ߰ҲֻҪһ˿ɽӣһȥ
ɫĮɨ˵ʿһۣ⼸ŵʿͬһϾְ䱳峤ϣӼٿҲҪϸһ¡
ɱˣóⲻ֪ߵغС߰أｫɱ˭Ҳ޷Ͼ߰нƴڣʶҲ̽룬ʵҲ˽Թɱ¾Ҳ˰н֮أ˾ϣٲȥһۣһͷһΣʧԭأȴͨ뵽֮߰С
Ӱʧ֮ɢĿâһץסʶ̽룬Ӱ֮ɢ뵽֮߰ڣ
Ǽ˵صʿüͷ¶֮ɫ
̫֪ôҵȰһѣȴлֶ˵
ˣұȰĪҪ߰أеɱӿҵȴˣһӽ룬Σ
ǿϧ˺ȻѵУȻѴеĻƺԴ˺͡
ҵҲû֮춨
໥һ㲻£׷ױĿٴδ
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ֵʶ۲£ĸܵ⾧Өͨڣ̺һɻıֹ֮Χһʶ죬ŰĿռת
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ǿռٶȱ֮Ҳ֮ʱ־޴˺֮ڣһȴ޷ְֹ㣬һ֮£һռ˺֮̾ͺȻ鿪ɢ
еɱֵܿԸһˣ˲ңҲˣңұɱˣ
Ӷ˽߰صͨ޼ǰ֮ţ˿ȻҲͨڣٶƿ죬Ҫܿһռѷ죬ʱҲٶȡ
׹˸ȫʹ˿ͬһƬƣǰ˸ȥĿ⣬һɨ֮ǰ׾Įˮа֮
ΪʿȻȻʸǽ߰У޷죬ͨʿϲǰ֮ǰн׻ǽ˽ԹᱻгϲǿΪ
̫ͨûãȻҪӽڣ֮ɫգİӵĽһΪҸ߳һЩǱź֮ҲĶ֣
Ҵ˷ǰȴѾԼһЩѣʱһǰȥǺҲ˼ɡٶԽԽ죬ȫ佻֮£֣ϣֵһᣬ߰ش㳡ϣڷһ֣̺ɱǡ
ӿҪٽڣ˼֮µɲǣȴȫëһһΪǿҵΣ֮кȻ٣ڱ
Σ˲䣬󣬴һ
Ҫɱң
ĺХӶУɫ䣬͵תһ۾Ϳ󻺲֡
˫ͫ͵һ¶޷֮ɫһο߰ͨڣ޾ռ֮˴
һǰڴͨУȫǲƵѷƬһۿȥǰ֮˱ض
ڼǱ̾͸һִƿɱԼ־
㡭㡭Ϊɫ̲԰ף˫ȴȻɱΪʿ޵ʱ䲻̣ȻΣΣ˿̾𺳣ȴܿͷӦһ֮£˼һüģüӡǷɳ֮ʱ޾ƾճ֣
խͨڣȫɢ֮죬ƻһſڣֱٵɶȥ
߰ɱ㣬ȻԼȡɭڴͨγɴĻ֮ͬʱźγ˾޴ˣںһ𣬷ӳһʿ
־ȫɼӶ׷Լֵĺ֮Ϊɵɡ
ؼһҺɫƽĿ¶һ˿̧ǰֻһӣ
֮˲Ϣ侪죬ɲǼ䷢֮ȴӴͷʼɲǼ䣬ȫ˲ϢУͺȻ
һжǵʯ䣬֮ڻûӵӰһѪɫ԰ף¶޷ţ˫Ŀ͸޾֣
ΪⳬǡͷƤ飬ɢԥ̷ĺˣ
˿ֻһͷǾӣӣӣӣ
㲻Ҫɱôͨڻص


1339 
ͨ߰صĳڣǰʮһʿٶȣﲻŲƣգ֮Ϳɶȹ
ֻǣգ۵ʱ䣬ӶûУ
ոӶݣ׼۵ɲǣֵżȥ˼˫ͫ׺Ȼǰֲ֪ʱ֣ǱĿ⣬˲Ϣͬ磬ֱӺ˫ۣ
䣡
ͬǧһɲǷĴ˫ĿڳڣУԪڣıγһ޷ݵķ籩ڲ˺ӵ
ڵѪڸ⣬˫ۻɢеĺȻʹ˫ĿҲ֮
һΣȫһҲȲ˿ͨڣ첻Ӧеصز飬ɣ
һ̣з޾Ļ⣬׾ȥǶԷλнյ³ֻ
ֵͨĿ⣬ϣĿͬĻߣǧ̲ڵȫȼʹ
Ǻ¡¡ľ£ڵ֮Ƶıҽжûдһ£ƬѪɢһٴαϵš
⾪ıУӵԪӡһԪܵشȻ͸ĳԶӶݡ
ǰ˵Ϊﵽͬ⣬ҲȻûߵʸ̧һץӵԪбƣ˲ϢС
Ϊ֮޴Ĳ죬ʹԱ
ڱץŵɲǣ̼ġ
ϣðġ˵ͻȻ˫͵¶֮ɫ˽ľ룬ͨâƣʹƱ͸ɲǣĿڣһǱӡ
㡭㲻ǡû˵꣬ɫһӣ
һ֮Ԫд̾ͱգӡߣ
ӳ֣Ԫʱ伫Ϊݣ
ɱӣϣһΣںƿǰһбϣֱڶȥ˲Ϣ˳ڣ˽ȥ̤صأ߰أ
߰أӽ֮𣬳˵λһȺʿ⣬κ̤룡
֣Ⱥʿ󣬵һ
һƬ嫵ǿգǿ貣̺߰ǣЩǲܼĴһ𣬶Ƿɢ֮˼Զ
Ƭǿ֮󣬼ޱ޼ʣУǿȴЩ٣貣ƱװȥӴҲͬأ
һУÿһǵľ룬һһ
޾ǿյģһƬӴ½أ½һʵĸ¥һ޴ĵ񣬴½У
ǵһӣȫԶԶȥһңԶ
߰صĹ㳡Ҳÿһܴʿ󣬳֮أ
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ÿһ⣬һ޴ĴֵӰǴһڳ֣֮̿ܣѾ׼ɫȻ𾪡
ı֣ûش֮˵ע⣬κһһʿˣ
ˣڴڿˣȥеʱȥӦǵһҲ鿴һ£һͷֵĳ˼ϥһʵʿ
óڷǵǰȥʿӹһ飬㻹֣ͬʱһӣ̾һĹ֡
ŴԼһ
ĹƷһΪһΪһ硣
ֲɫĹ⣬߳ʿУҲûȥעĹߵһ֮أȡ鿴һڽȥ߰صһЩע֮
߰صĹؼΨгִſ̤롣һ磬ָ߶ȵӡ
翴ȥڣȥȴΣߣгĳһ㣬ʶһɨССһ磬Ȼ˿ʮ׳֮
ģڣһ˵̺˲͸ִţŵģһһ飡
һ֣
һ˿֮ôܣǵһν߰ߣ嶼ͳһ˿֮ףԴ˷Ѽ˵ס
ֻ֮һ˿ףҪһǧݣſγһףҲΪ˷ֹ֮ƾȡķ
κһˣһҲֻһλһ˿֮ףǶʧ޿ܴãᣬ˽
ˣ߰صĹ㳡ϣȻǻ½һ˿׵ʿڡ
˿̱ʿĿⶢеһ˿档
λѣžƣǵһ߰ذɡֹ۲֮ʱӲԶһʿһЦݣΪﵽʶڵӡ
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Ҷͬ壬߰ǵڶЩϤҽ飬´Ϊܣȷ˵ѣ˶ˣҲ᷽㲻١㿴ΣʿɫϣԴǸº͡
⸱ӣֿȴٳϾǧϹȣϣȻ硣
¶΢ЦĿʿһֱۣȭ˾Ͷлˡ
ʿĿһɨʱֺܱ˿ĴϸĴһȴûпκζߣ漴Ц޷֮ͬӦ໥֣֪γƺ
ڷǣЦ
ڷǣЩ졭һ¶֮âȭЦԭǽոոսװڷǵѣʧʧ
ʿ̸˼䣬Ϊ͸ֺ󣬱˵ڵѣﲻ˵֮ǰ߰صҲҪھߡ
ͬʿִȺԶȥвʿһĻ׷װҡͷ
ҪùˣǱžƴ֮ˣǲ׻ʧҲ
žȻĹ㳡ΪϤֲʱһ֮⣬ʿȴԷȺһȺʮ˵ʿУһ½ߣа˾ˣΪһﵽ龳硣
λִһˣλڷǵ֮شҲšžǰЦ


1340 ô
žƵЦˬʣֶ˽ܡ
ǰ˾ŸȻ½߰صʿ׷ֱȭ̸䣬ǾŴ֮࣬ĵ˼ֿͬһȺͯ㣬ˡ
ĸžһʿ׷ԿһĿ⣬ɨƤЦⲻЦӦ˼䡣
ʿ׷ɫĮȻڵĶߣȴûᡣ飬߰Ĺ㳡ʱ
žƵվ֮ɰΧ֮ƣֹ⣬ɨһۣ˫ĿһգȥǼɫĴ
ֳȻȻոսװڷŪ
ҲҪעһ£ܽװ񣬶й֮ĪҪʧǰźá
Ҳδ̫СˣֻʶڵΪĪ˵ͬʱ֣һ˶ɽɱǰڴˣ˶Ȼ˻
ҲԣǰΪ飬ٽһͿʵν֮ϣǰڴˣҵȻ
˷Ⱥ˵ףҼ˺һڿ۳һ֮ףһͿȥ׾ȡİƷɽˣ
ʱ䲻ʿڵ󷨣˸âҪӣʿһ񣬸һЩɫ¶˷ܣȻȥĸоžһеǸʿҲ촽
Ƭ̺󷨺ص˫Ŀ
λ󷨿ȿȡ˺ʹǴ󲻻ɢʱ߰أһͬΪգžɫ¶˷ܣЦ
ΪĸоλֻҪȥһΣǾͻϲϣˣ˵ǽȥֵ˶óž̿ڣ˵Ļ£̷ֱ󷨶ȥ
̤󷨵ɲǣ󷨹âɣ춯أγһƺ˺ǿյķ籩ˣ˲Ϣʧ֮ڣ
غ߰еһ˿̷꽻ӣγ޾籩ɨ𣬶ˮƲڴء
⴦ڣһƬ˵ĳǳأǺҹˮ䣬ϡ١
Զһɽ֮ϣȴվһˣ
һͷ׷Բԣ˫Ŀ磬ҹķУͬͦΣ˱۷Ϣ׷Ƿžž֮
³ɣر仯ۿƾʮ껯޵꣬뻯۷壬Ҫƿأӭ٣ɽˣƽͷȴǳգͬ
˷ɽ٣ʧܣתޣɹɽǣ˫Ŀһһ˦ش
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ɣɣ³գҪɣңұɽ٣ңұ߱ɣߵͺһռ۶ȥ
ͬʱغƵһƬƬƾճ֣Хգϵ֮£˴Ƭ֮ƣ
ǽϣԼʮӰЩӰȫ˸һȥһ㣡
ʮӰ󣬺ƿռ䱻˺¶һƬĴ½ϸ¥ƣɺ׷裬ɹ
ɽ磡Ǿɽ磡
˷ɽ٣Ȼʮͬʱ֣ףף
ɽܵǧʿһ۾ĿתĿգܣһĻǴһο
ڿͬʱУڳɵĿı
ǽƳֵ˲䣬һѹȻʹôزɽǧʿ̾ͱǿƿԲʮ֮ڣ
־ʮӰһ·ָоΪ죬˻˿˷쳣Ͼֻٵĸоʹþ󲿷ʿڣ޷ѣҲԸѣ
ȴ٣ҲֹһΣΣһ㣬Ǽʿ޷
־٣٣ӭ֮٣һһֻΧͣ
һɿµĸоʹ޷˷֮УҲûа˷ܣ
չֻҪ󷨿һͻɽߣһΣλͱĳˣøĳΣž¶æ߼˱ȭ
ãø֣༸˹һЦ׷׵ͷ
žмŨһΣ˾˸ȴһ֮¾ʹƲ̤֮У֮£
˿̵ȫκ˿ȥвɵĤ֮⣬̧һָ·ߣһ䴫
½ʿɽɣžƻµɲǣϷ̾ХȴһˮͰϸ磬ںֱ·
Ϊ³ߣսʮӰͷƤһ飬ôҲû뵽ԼĶɽ٣Ȼô٣
ͬģһԺ֮УͺһȫΪƣȥ
֮춯أʹһµˮһ̵ɫ԰ףǰͬʱ
ûо˫¶֮⣬˫˴ķ׼ӭӵڶף
һУ𺳣ö޷ƽϢ˿½ߣһµ꣬ɻʵλѣΪ⽵٣ѴһӺɱҪһǿ
ڱ˵˲䣬˫¶֮âȹ٣ҲһٲǿѰѰԽԽǿ
ûн߰ʱⲻֵ˼֮ڣһбӦˣûɻ󣬵£ȴһУ
к֮£֮Ҳһ٣ҲֻΪĥ½ʿΨԽԽǿɰѶԷݻ֮ʱƵȻйûʵ˵
ʵϣ֮ԲٿһԽԽǿΪ˱Ƴ½ʿ벻֮⣬ΨˣʹڵǿɳΪ֮׵֮֮ǰž̸ʱʿڡ
ֶⷬУвͬ˫ۣȻˣһЩʲô
·ڶĵžƵĲٿ´˸併٣˿̵žƣɫŤ͸޾˷ܣָо֮˫ޣҪһǧһ򱶣
Ϊ
䣬Ƕɽٵһ£ѪȫѪģн¶˿̣ף
״Լɣһ־;أʹضҵĲҪһ
Ȼ£ķһŭ
Ҫɣ
죬ֶУʹ˫ۡ
£


1341 Ҿ٣
صЩɢԶǧʿһ¶գ˵
յĽƽɢžδһΣ̤֮С
ǸǸܾûгΪһʱûס֣½ϧ˰װ۷壬̫һЩûе֮סžҡͷɫǻζ
޷߰Уǣ֮׵ҲףҪˣڻȽȺ˰ɡʿɫĮһӣ̾赲·һĿ⣬Ŀֵˡ
ʿһ˫ĿһղŲ⣬žڵˣ̰ΧֵȽʮʿ
ǡȺУ׷ɫ䣬ŭ
ҵԩ޳Ǻ⣡
Ҷͬ壬Ҫʲô
֣ʿһЦǰһΣ˫ֱӱ޴ױޣδֱ֣Ӿжˣ
Ҳͬʱ֣Ǿʶʿָޱȣұ˴ϵ˶Σ̾չɱ
ҽʿֺݶѡΪոմﵽӤʿǶ˸ûз֮ʱҶ
Ѫɢ
ֶԸֵģ֮ǰɫº͵žƣƺûӻлָ¶и̺߰˫»û֮һ
½ϣ׳ףɫдһˬֱֶ
ɫ糣̧ǰһžɫеȻɫ̲԰ף¶޷֮ɫͣڰգһֻδֽĿס
㡭㡭ֵĿ¶޾Ȼﻹû˵һɢĳ̾ͳڣһĲҽ̴֮ʿУ
Ա⽵١ôҾǵҾǵ٣䣬̺һ˵ĸоݺݵһ֣
һẕ̌ΪѪ⣬ͬǻеĶɽһѪɢ
ͻȻֵһĻ̾ʹʿ׷һžˣ˿Ҳɱ˳ˣȡǵӡǡ
žƵҽĮĻﴫǶУʹ˫¶쾪־壡žΪģһֻᣬĴۣȴǸģᣬһֻԽڵǣ
Ϊʿ˿Ҳ͵˫ۣ¶޷֮ɫһɱ˵ɲǣ̾ĸܵϵϢǿ
ǿϢ£᲻㷴֮ͷƤһ飬ˣ̾ҪˣȴǺԥѡӶݣ
ĽŲȴĮ˫ɨ˲䣬һͬը죬Ѫ
˭ӵʸ񣡡ջĿ⣬һ仰ȴʿԪ㱬ٴѪȻĲӶݣ
ͬʱʿʶʿȴӲз˿ҪԶԶ뿪뿪˿־֮أ
ȴǵģȴ˫۵ĺһ֮ͫڣһɫ

󲿷ֱֶ֮ڣһԪڣ̺ĺ٣˿̣ҲǱʩչΪ⼫٣
Ϊ٣ȻҪ飡ɫХֱһʿȥʿ˫ͫһȫâȡзĲҽУȴǼһֱƿ壬ڣһкȻµĶɽߣ
ԱΪҾ֮٣ֻ˵Ǻɫ紩͸ʿѪֱڶʿȥʿкȻüӡǣȴǰѼзó¶ѡԱ
ӶûǰԱʸ񣬸˵ʶСޣ
䷨һóڼɫº飬佫ҪԱ壬Ҳںɫһ֮£ƻ汻ˮϨһѪ鿪
һж˲Ϣ䷢ɱ⼸ˣִ֮
ʶʿҲԱĿĸԴֻתǲӶݵʿǱɫһʿ
ˣ£ɱ˵ļɫ͵һ˲ϢʿڣӾҵĲ˫ͫ׻ɢԪʬ岢δ鿪Ǵ£ֱӽ·֮ϣ
ֻüӡȴʬ֮ʱָߣ
·ڣǧڱʿ̾ͿһĻ޷ǵĻ棬һʬ壬һɢ˵ʬ壡
һ߸ո֮ǰվǽеʬ壬պȻ£֮Уһɴʹʬڣʹʬ忴һǲˣ
һʿ
ʬüѪģһ˴ϣ˫Ȼţ͸ɢǰŨŨĿ־壡
⣬еˣӴɢĽ߳Ŀһ۴أ˵˴˻תԶһȥʧУӰȴӡǧʿУ
һֱȥܾãǧʿûдлָһ죬٣汻ٺɱһ˵ʬ£ͬģǻһԻɱ˵ǿڣһƼԳĻ
ǧʿʬԱߣʬ塭
ô
ôоˣһʿ
ֻǿ󡭡
֮ǧʿ֮ʱһ͵ؼصǧʿС
ң԰ʬôֵģһ꣬ûͷͷճ˴飬̤նһߵʬԱߡ
ǡɢˣʿУһΪﵽԪӤڵߣžɵԥʵ
룬߰κ˶ǣ룬ǡǹͷһЦЩˣһץʬǰȥĿԶ뿪ķ¶֮ɫ
ЩԱ֮˲һūУӰʧأΪȻԽ˻۷壬Խʶﵽ˾
飬߰أǲ֣ܷ֪ܳ£ȻȻˣʿչ˵˥Ҳᾪһʱǰ̽飡
ͬʱ̣߰⣬巶Χڣ뿪ϣĴǧˣƺƵļչѹΣɴСΣ˿Ȼɣϳһ޵Ůޣ
һŮӣòΪޣĮ޵Ķ
һ飬Ҳң㣬֮Ҳ˭ʲôݣʲôΪǣɣ


1342 ޴֮·
߰У߰磬ޱ޼ʣƺûоͷڣǽʿ̫äĿѰҶɽߣжɽ֣߳ЩֵͻвӶʹþɽʿ˲ƶȥ
߰ǿмۣһأ֮⣬һ·ɫ߹һ޷ʵ磬һֱã̾һһгʮӡ
һһ֮󣬴ڱĻȡ׾֮ĿǴһӡ˸˿˿Ĺ
Щȫǲ֮ףžƵ˶߰ıڶ½ߺѹΣĿǧںһ𣬿һ֮ף
һӣǧ˿֮̾໥ںϣĹǿڴĿ˸Ƭ̺䲻ϵںϣֻʣһ
ԶԶȥȻһ״̣Ƴ֮ףЩ˸ϣѸٱ任
ܿ޹أȴһתɢȫͬȴֵɲǣĿ׹⼱˸
״һܿƵֱĿ˲Ϣ͸ֱԪ񣬸Ԫеڣ
ڷĻصһͷ޷Զɢ޾ƽɣǿ׹й
֮ԪԴΪһɲǣԪ˲Ϣ䣬һĻĻ̫ŵļƬԪе֮Դڣı
ļƬƷ籩һԪʹȫǰһغƱƿǲ߽УչֳһƵĻ棬ıֿ
⻭棬֮Դ̺Ĵسһ䣬̺֮Դڣкпգһ׺󣬴һȱڣǼ䣬йһ˿
ǻУһ޾޺£âɣ̺޷ݵǿԴϢܣоָԲͬƣ˴֮䣬γһͼ
Դ֮Уְ֮⣬ת֮£Գأһĸо
⣬֮Դ
Ϊޣ鱾Դ֮ΪʮʮΪԲԴɡһƴϹƿʱ´Ԫڻص͸޾ɣ֮
ֵ˲䣬Ԫһǰһȫ˻ָȻվ߰صǿУһȻһƬΨǹ˸ȫȴǱˮʪ¶𾪡
Ŀڣԭֻһӡǣ˿̣ӡԱߣȻһ˿ڶ磬ֻСܶ࣡
һ˿С绷ĿͫеӡܣÿתһȦʹ֮Դл
һɶֵ֮ƽĿһһУ
˵׷ʵϣҲ֪ײǾŵŵ׾ǰ֮ףǰģ֮Դ˵Բ֮ףʮ
֮Դͳ֣ǲ֮ͬȴڣǲ֮ףͬҲ֮Դտ׳Դ½ҵְ֮ףȫ֮֮ԴͿɴɣ
֮Դҿͻ޵ڶıϣΪ޴ܣѾ˾ְ֮е֮ס˵ִδڵһ̣δΪ͸
һ˿֮Դļ䣬Ϊһͨţ˵һУǧ˿ƵĹϵֻ壬ҽ뵽߰أôһпһֱ޷֮Բ
壬δԸ֮£ֱӵĸһصĴ컯
Ŀ׹⼱˸һĿͫڵХƮǰǱԴӡУɢһС׻ƣ
һĻſĻ棬Ϊƣȱ˵֮ףΨһϧģǽеһ֮ף̫С˵һȴֻһ˿
ĿһԶԶԴͼ̻׹ۣĿ¶âɱɽʿףҲԸȥɱ֮ˣϻףȴǿԡ
ЦУһΣʧǿգʶɢһƬƻصһجΣ߰ڣʹչ
ǿУʿ缲ۣΪΪʶΪʵʱֻҪвͻǰȥ
֮׼Ѽ֮ǰѾɱĸ½ɽʿȴûһ˵ף
Եһֱû׳֣Ǿ˵ĺˡʵʿɫư˵
ʿ̷
ʱͻȻһʶʿ¶ɻָǰ˵λǿʲôҴδ߰ڿ
û˵꣬һ¡¡ָ֮ХԽԽ̾˵ע⣬ʵʿ˫͵һ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ǵǰǿУһΧɴС纣һ籩ХδٽǱԵɢ׵ߣ춯أ
ʲôܣ⼸ʿɫ̲԰ףͷƤ飬˲Ҫ˼ۣһЩߣæҪ˲ƣʵʿ֮һ
ǵٶȣ̫ɲǼ䣬ǻԶӴ籩ٶȱ˲Ϣ٣ɨֱ֮ӾͰʿȫУʵʿҲ˲бɢ֮̾ͱ籩ڡ
֮Ե΢⼸ʿȫ
籩ǿգ¶һž޴ף֣
籩ڣ籩ǰХߣһ·ʿȫ޷Ӷˣ
ǿУһΪߣһˣ۷У˲˾һ͵ת˫ͫ¶޷֮ɫ
ûӶݣ籩ɨֱڣǰ
չɱ¾ʵ߿ȫ籩£ûа㷴֮һһɣ
̶̵ʱ䣬еʿȻ˽ǧЩʿüӡڵУͳͳΪ֮ǧʿϣŪĵף
ȫĿڣϵ׳
ڵ죬籩ʿҪǰУͻȻһȴӦ˸һ߰ڣڶɽ٣ֻ˲Ϣ£ͲȻ֮ǰȥǶɽ֮أ
籩Ʊ˾һ㣬޾СѸɲǾγɰУеģӰ¶Ŀһǰһȥʧǿ֮У


1343 ն
ѩëƮ£һĸ˴ϣһȥһƬװعľ֮ϣҲѻһİѩڶı֮Уӳʮɫ
ѩѹ֦־Ķ֮УʱԵһ㡣
ڣ峿һ˵ĳǳشׯڣ̣ƯգҪѩӣգȴǱƮѩ봵ĺ磬ָ֧顣
Ȯ֮Ҳʱǳǳػߴׯڴµһ죬
Զĳ⺮ĶůҲ˺ܶ࣬ɢâȴûȡ
ضһƬƽԭƽԭļʱǴ˵ط˷ڣεգһõ顣
£￴κοݲݣеģֻһƬɫ£һƬããĿĹ⣬￴ľˣ۾ˮãã޾
ڶûз˻Ƭƽԭ˵صİѩҲûκνӡֻǽ죬ƽԭȴѩϥһˣ
һӣòӢһɫƽĬĬգ͸ӡ
ΪѹƲסˡ̾Զеİѩ˳Ĭĵȴٵ١
ʱغµѩʱƺп£ѩܺɨο£ƽԭĻѩܾ
ѩˣ紵У¶·ͺͺĴأ¿ȥͺͺĴܵѩһȣԵøλۡ
ͬʱճ˽ƣ˲Ϣγ֮ƣУƺվһˣȫƣ¶޾ϣ
½ʿɽٳɣƵӽ춯أǶɽٵӶУȴûϳκα顣
վյĽƣƶϵˣɫУŨŨĳ
ɣ֮ɫŨ
䳰ɲǣȴƶ̧һָ̽ƺ䣬һƿԿٵصкȻֱӽ٣
һµɲǣ̧ǰһ죬Ƭ̺ɢɫ԰ףͷ­ȴʼ̧
ƶϵˣٴ̧֣صȴǵڶףƬ̺󣬺Ȼ֣
һɲǣȴǾͻ
ԭƲƺޱ޼ʣ˿̣ȴһȻֻ֣͸Ʋ㣬Ժݺݵһ˺
磬ǽƣȻ˺¶һ޴ѷ죡ѷڣ߳һµ꣡
ڴ˳ֵ˲䣬ƶϵɫ䣬ŭ
Ǻˣ˵Ϸ
Ϊ٣˵أף̧ƶһָ
죬ƶϵһȻԼٿأ˲Ϳɫ䣬ȴûӶݣһΣȻƶ߳˫֮ſ³һ׹ӣֱֶ
ٶȼ죬˲ٽȫɲǾͱһɿڴԲΪҪͻƽ뾻ӣ
׹ڣ̺޾Ȼɵķ˿У̷ӳ춯ֺ֮
ӣҪˡɫƽ̧Ųǰȥһ֮£˲Ϣʧ֮ʱȻ󣬲δͷһָߺԡ
ɫ̲԰ףûаѪɫ¶캧ȻһѪһ֮£һѪ˿ƴͷ֣ȫһ£ӡգ
ֵ֣̺׵ӣɱߣ˵Ѵ֮һӱѸٱĿգͫתʹô˿̵֣֮С
һĻ̫죬˲䣬·Ŀɿڴ¶𾪣춼ûлָ
㣬ɢȫΪɽ٣Ŀȫգվڰգڡ
ѹеĲؿһۣȫΪ˲ɢ۷֮ء
ʮϢ֮̾δɢĽУٶ׹˸ձ˺һȱڣڶʱһˣ
ڱһζɽߣ˸ոմȱ߳̿ЦֻЦδ̧ǰһӡ
Ǹոս֮ˣûȿһУ̺Ȼ
·ǶɽٵӣͷƤ飬˿ޱҲ֪ԼΪǰն
Ȼɱˣ
ʱţܿһ˴ȱ߳ƺǽٶȼ죬˲ʹȱڳ˫ȫƴķֵĻּ䣬лӵʿȫͬڲҽ
̶̵һʱ䣬Ϊն£ʮ֮½ǰ⣬ȫһ֣˲
ǶɽٵȻľеĺȻȴԽԽŨЦԲȥ˫Ŀϡ
ɱ¾˵ٶȣԼȥѰҪϲ٣ֹ˰ʱеˣȻϰ٣
һĿһ¶΢Цսȱڣ׹˸߽֮һߣ
ۣӳϣһ־ɫ䣬͵صͷһ۾ͿѪϢ
˫Ŀ¶أɫ͸ɱһΣȻûкˣֱֶ˫֮¸ա
ַɱͬ壬㣬ߵͺ֮˲Ϣ׹˸һ֣ͬʱ֮ȴһӰ֣ӰȻҲߣ
ɲһΪһ֣һǴžżˣʩչŲ֮Ҫ˵أ
ɫ糣ʿҲǸ֮ˣȻڶ̶̵ʱھ뵽˻һ߷ΪӶݵķ
±ϾǱ壬ûмƾΪҪߣЩۣ˫ĿһȻ˸ɫں¡֮̾ʹ͸ֹԼ׷߷
һ˫Ŀʱɫд͸߽ҪʩչŲ뿪˵صɲǣڣ
Ѫ¶־壬Ƭ̼䣬йâԪʧȥһʬӰ£üӡա
㻹Ҫصʲôʱ򡣡ɫ糣ɱʿתԶգɫ׼žž֮ʱԻضȥ
һŤ֮ǰʬ壬߰ʿ֮Ϊɢ˵Ĺͷ꣬ڲ¶
һ·ֻһ仰ͣ޷⣬㣬ƽŹͷ꣬ڡ


1344 ɢ
ǹͷϴ΢Ц˫ȴ˼Ϊ֮ɫֵĿ⣬žһ·棬Ŀ˶Էɱ˵һĻĻǿǰ֮·ǻʿΪ̶̰ʱɱϰ٣
𺳵ģǾǿޱȵʿڴǰһ
ʲôΪ
һе𺳣ͷˣЩȣһ͵֮ȴʹΪ𾪣ӶԷкȥ˼ȴ֪Լ棬𾪣Ȼ˹ͷԤϣ
ΪܲǾһصͨȴǵǷ켫оԶһ֮߰䣬ûκһ˷֣ΪԶԶ֮ˣҲ˿
ʹһΪﵽ˵˥֮ޣͷҲ࣬£ʿûз֡
ڸǰɢ磬һִΣ֮Уâÿ˸һ£ľ֪Լ޷㣬ֻһ壬Լɣ
ֱƽĻͬͬһ͸ȥ޾⣡
һƬΨǽϴ䣬ˮͷڳĿʼͷϣϢĳĬüͷһ壡
üǹͷһ̺ԥıȭæڣϢŭ½֮ɢ飬ð롭
ûȴ˵꣬һӣ̰Ѻɫ˲Ϣâɣһֱǹͷȥ֮죬ױȣ
ǹͷֻоǰâ죬˲ϢǺɫһüĴ͸
ǹͷһѪȻûһɺƵ֮Ȼʹƿüйһ˻⣬˻£ȫΪ˲ϢɢһɲɣϢ춯أ
ڴڣ˯һ֮꣬˻֮ǿǼҲ޷һɱ
ȻϣĿ¶֮âǰһ̧ǹͷһץ
Ǳ˻ƵĹͷ꣬˫˲͸޾ɣ֮⣬ٵɲǣڡ
ѿҪ֮סһԣ
ĿһͣڰգǺƻ˸һĹͷ꣬Ŵۣ¶ԷɫǴĲɣ
ϷΪɢ飬Ѿ֮ãΪ˵˥ǹͷƽڡ
ǰ壬ϷоŰʮһߣÿһڶ̺֮񣬹ʶЩʿһ̤ǿգҲᱻκ˷
Ұиѣ޶⣬Ҫȣһʽףˣ¶Ҿǹͷ֣˵
֪壿ɫ糣˵
ǹͷɫ͸ӣ˵ͷ
ѿɷȥһط;һ֪һС
ʲôطɫϲŭƽڡ
ľͷǹͷ곤̾һ̧һӣϵĽ˲ϢɢͬʱһӡǴ˸ֱ·һеǶɽӣüģʹôΪ̱أ١
һУͷȫڣһȭתһȥȻֱƿޣ뿪Ƭء
Ŀһͬߣǹͷһ̤ͬա
Ϸ껯񣬸أٺ󣬽νˣƺ汲˵һ㡭ɻϷѹΪȥﵽ۷壬ѰһеĴ𰸡ǹͷǰߣÿһƿһأ߰ڣԶȥ
ԣɫƽͬд߰С
һ˶ǣһƬƬǿգ磬ѩһֲϡ
ϧҾʲѹΪȴ޷ãϷʱҲ޷ѹƣ١һνٵˣĴϡ
Ϊֻǿ£Ƶ޷ֿûɱңǷϵһΪ뿪
ҵʱΪк֮£һֱ֪һмĻᣬˣҲ˵׵Ŀܡǹͷɬ
ȴû뵽Ҳ޻ΪһУر仯߰صĴڣѹΪһʹΪԽǿȴٵͨͷƽĿڣĿ¶׷䡣
ɢڸ֮Сֿ˶Էһۣƽ˵
ǹͷͷ
ɢ֮ѳΪڣַһǧʶҵķҲ˾Űʮһˣ
Űʮһɢ鼫ޣ޷취ÿһΪ壬ٴʩչɢ֮Űʮһÿȫɢ飬ӵ˾Űʮһٷ
ⲻϵѭ£Ϊֱﵽ˾ǹͷ˵̾˿
ֶ˾ǴͨʿƿأϵĴ֮£ߵԽԽԶ
˾֮ҿʼ׷ѰɻҪ֪죬ǲ죬أǲǵأɽ磬Ƿɽ磬ˣֵǲˣ
Ҫ׷ѰԹĴ˵Թ汲ɽֻҾΪ˾ܷ˲Ϊȴʼ޷뿪߰أֻд󣬽벻ǿ֮УһεĸĤ֣ҵʱΪƲ
ǣһٿ½Խ۷Ľޣ٣ʱ߰һС٣Է
ÿһٳ֣ҶһԹ۲죬ģʱţһδε٣һЩ飬ͬģҲ׵һ𺳣
޷ţڵ磬ȻǱ޷ȥţҵһڱУֻϣֻΪѼ׶ڣ
ֳĬǹͷĻ¶ӡ
ãˣҰһЩˣûһҡԼţҲԸȥһġԸԼʲôҲûз֣ԸһжҵĲ²⡭
ǧ꣬һججֱһ죬ҿ˽սһʬ£˥ءվʬǰܾúܾãֱʬ帯ãֱһжɢЦЦᶼʬ壬ʲôˣһġʿ
һҲٻجҸԼҪƿأҪȥһ֮⣬ʲôһҵĲ²⣬ж棡ǹͷ¶ⷬǵһڱǰ˵
ҿʼÿһ֮Űһٷͬʩչɢ飬ⲻϵط֮£ʱţеķߣȴԽԽŨֱΪﵽֱҵһСַҲﵽ˾ƿյ̤ǿ֮У


1345 صľͷ
𶯣ŶԷĻģһ֮⣬˵ʣȻִһʿ
Ǻٻ÷˾ͽϣ˵ȣ磡ԶԶûдƿһѰľģ
ƿһο֮硭ǿգҵĲ²⣬ҲΪʵҿһһʿǵΪȴǺģȻǻ񡭡
ʿȴҲԻԳˣɱҷŭ֮չɱ¾һδεɱ¾Ҵӱɱ֪֮һ࣡
࣡ǹͷЦˮ
ǣĵط֮Ϊ߰أһ׵䲼öǾͬȦڣӳ鶯ﵽ˻֮٣ȡ֮ף
Ҹ֪ˣ֮ǰ߰е棬ѻȫǼٵģǼٵģѾڳɵɲǣѾ𣡣
ɽ磬ˣ
ͷ͸񣬸һԹֳĬ֮Ũ
ҵе٣ֻˣһһ˿Խµ񣡿ЦһֱʱԸһģҾɱЩˣȻɱ̫࡭
Һܺ£Һη壬Ҹ֪ˣǵٷŹҵʿȻΪĴϡҺ±֪һУηѹ꣬ѹ߰ɽ硭
ңҷǹͷ᲻ϵһμ䣬һʹࡣ
ԼһУȻģڵأһӱܡӱһҷֵ࣬Զϵطȥǿգ߰вϵشһǹͷɬԽ˴ء
ֱһ죬ңǹͷӻͣ£̧֣һָǰ
ⲻ̫ʱڣͷȻ͸߰أָ֮ȻǿգȴһƬƣȥһƬģ
ＫΪûκϢ
ǹͷǰȥȴǰַֹ棬һȻٵת֮£һƬĿâǰǿվҵ˸
ͬʱвƻصȴǹâ֮һĻ޴ϣ¶ǽ޾ͷأ
ʿǰ΢Сͬҳ
ӱܵ߰صľͷľͷһӱܵͷȫ֧飬޷ȥʵһе࣡ڡ
Ҳӱܣѡԣѡ˷һص߰Уɢڣÿһɢˣҵ֮ٿ߰ھ󲿷ʿ
ҴҸɻĹҸǿʼĽ죬Ϊﵽ˿е˵˥ת֡
Ҫ߱ɣҪ߸壬Ҫҵˣ߳ȥҲϵ࣬۵޷սʤ˵˥Ĵϡ
ƴһУƴʿǹ֣ͬǲҵķ£Ҳֻˣ޷ɱ˵ĳϡ
ҵΪҲ˼ޣ޷ﵽܵ˥٣ҪİͷĿ⣬ϣ¶
Щ֮˲һǵһҿϣ֮ˣΪ԰ңܿҲ޺øУϣǶкô
ֳĬ
һ·棬Ѽ֮ףףУ֣ͬҿ֮ףҧ˵
ֻû˵ֻ̧ͷľͷϣ¶ã
⣬߰ʿһ³ɹ뿪ôպҪκ֮ҶɴӦҲˣҲѴȥ
ҴЩ֮˼֪ǵУнڽ֮ƣҪҿȫһս
мְգֻ֮ڡ
֣߷ְգǹͷĿһƬ̣
߷ֳ֡ĬĿǾͷıջأ¶֮âأ˵ͷ
ǹͷɫ¶ܣĿһۣЦ
ãɱ˵ʿһͿע⣬ʱǴ϶ǰ
ˣ˵ʿȫ֮󼴱̽飬ҲֻǴһˣʱϾҲЩ鷳
ɽķҿȥǴһһ½ɣɫƽͷꡣ
ǹͷĬƬ̣ص˵ͷ
Իɷ۳һöԴʩֻͨͨϢĿʱ䡣ͨܳȥȴǿԡͷ˵ţԥ˫ĿȻһա
Ŀɲǣ߰УʿڴһȻѪͬʱڵһѸɢա
һж˲䷢ǹͷɫв԰ף̧֮£Թķ۶Ƭ̺һöѪɫУݸ֡
ֽӹϸĿһۣһȭתһȥʧӰ
ҵϢ
ֵصɢ
ǹͷȥ֮Ĭ˺ܾã૵ֻֻˡ
ǿУӼ۶ߣĿ˸¶˼ǹͷĻȫţԸʹȻʶŻҪΪȻֱ֪ӡҪ򿪣Ǽ򵥣ԷֻƬ̾˾ϣҲչ¶˳⡣
֮Կͬ£ɱֻһҪǣҪЩˣһָоҪһЩʲôҪЩ߳Դ֤һЩʲô
һ·ٶ죬ǿУֱĹ㳡ȥʱĹ㳡Ŀ⾡ͷһ֮£Խ̤Ĺ㳡֮ϡ
ȥἱٶʱ֮˵Ŀ⣬һΣʧԭأʱȻһʵĴ֮⡣
뿪߰ػص֮أ
ڴԣһ޴󷨣˿תվʮӰۿ󷨾Ҫʼͣ⻹˸ٿء
Ӱ˲Ϣ֣һֱۣӾ̤롣
ֹתһˣǸת󷨵ʿʱ˵ͺȡ
ǵĺδ£ǰһ˺֮£ת󷨱˺һȱڣһ֮кȻ̤ڡ
һĻ⼸ʿɫ䣬¶Ȼ׼ߵʮˣҲǻȻ¶𾪣
󷨹â˸ڰڵһˣȫʧӰ


1346 ģ
޾ΧУʮһ˿о֣
˻һ¶ЦľŮӣԶӶݣ¶񶾣ŭ
Ӳģ㵱סѾ³ֻһϣĶӣò˶ãҸ׾ͻضһףĥͷ֮ޣǾŮ¶˵
죡үүʲôûʲôĺֱ֣Ůһƣŭ
ǾŮɱ˸һ³һѪˮ
ʱպص֮춯أ޾أУһȫЩһڵʿǵľ
һƬƬ̼䣬ߵߣ֮գĩսһ㣡
УһµߣŴ󲽶һ֮£ͺƿԽ
飬ҲϷǰ֮ǰӵһΣɣ˵ǰӶݵһָ
֮죬ȴ磬ɲۣǧߣֱ٣
һǾŮ͵ת˫ֲ£ٵݺݵһնȻ䣬޾Ȼʹⱬһأɢ޾ٵײ
䣡
ɫ䣬Ƶǿĳɨһڻ徫ήȴ¼ˣǾŮӲӶݡ
ңҿͷǾŮǳҲѪĶﻹû˵ֱֽ꣬̽һŮ½֮ڣزݺݵһץ
СƤӱ죬ӾҲҪŪ㣡񶾵Ŀڣһ֮£ǾŮɫ԰ףȻʹǣ
ʱ׷ȴð𣬷ŭ׷ɱ⽣Ȼã⽣ͨΪɻ⣬ٶȿ޷ȻЩ׷ϣ
˿̿ԷԼǰ£ŭһ̧ºݺһģüӡ˸ȴǷɳһɫ
Ķȥƿأֱ
̵ģг֣Ȼɢɢ˲䣬Ǻɫ١
һ춯صľ죬ȴǴؾҵĲոǳ˺ѣ˷޾йγɽϵĺ
һжǵʯ䷢Ĳ˼飬֮ԶȻкûȴӳ֣ȫһƬģ嶼ˡ
֣ץǾŮӡ
ɲǣ˿ӱ˸ֱÿһ˿ϣ̺˼֮
ٵɲǣЦǾɫŮһ˿̶һ£ı䷽
һᣬۺˣϲģүүʲôû㾻Ϊ񣡵˻һָͷܴϲĶ
׷¶ȴǷŭ˼ޣһУδԴǶ֮ˣһ·׷ɱԷϵֹˮҲɵñˣ
Ϸס
϶Ͳܻʣ仰㶼˵һٱˣһٱ鰡һٱ飬˵ϼһǲǹ뿴ռСƤ˰Ȼ㾻Ϊô׷ңǲǻ뿴һٱ鰡һٱ飡ҧۣʱ˲ƶߣ;ƿݣȴԽӶ񶾣
ãүү㿴ӶֱץǾŮϣݺݵһ˺һŮͱ˺룬¶ѩ
Ҫɱ㣡Ůж죬
죬СƤҪүүˣҾͶ壬֪壬ǳףҾͿʼ·ܿж񶾣ȴǿɬ
ӰٲүҪˣҷųֲңӰְɣ
ŮĻɫҰףûаѪɫȴ̱տڣ˵֡
׷УĻǼ䣬ȫЩһѪԲ˵Ƿ׷ȥ
׷УԽеĶ֮ȴǲϵ˵̼ߣʹô˼̣
һĽ飬ҵҪɺ󣬷ڣ㻹˵˵ⷬһº͵ͻȻ֣
ģһµ۵ӣӳֵļΪ죬վӶݵǰ
ɵǾŮ̾ϲ
Բ˫ͫ͵ȻһҪˣȴ̧ǰһӡ
ںһѣγɢڱץŵǸŮӣһ֮ľ£صߡ
˿̣Ҳ˲Ϣٽ
ḷ́ܿٴ۳ΣȴǸΪƷһͿɢ
ٺ٣û뵽СƤĸɵɵɵҿͷŶ԰ɣո˵꣬ӾɫΪһӣ̷׹Хֱȥ
֮£ٴαҸһָ̱ܶʼ֮£ȴǼٵۿҪ
Ҳһɱ㣬Ҫ㲻ϵ߽УƷһһδĿ־壡ºͣڣǾŮӣ˫͸֮ޣ
ˣңٲңһξͳˣֻţŮ̫޷꣬˿ˡ
ˣ㻹ˣҵҪ˳ʲôıӵкˣҪᣡ¶º΢Ц
ʱһĮ촫ͬУ̺޾⣡
ңˣ
ֵ˲䣬ϵºЦ̽Ӳһ˿𾪣һֱʶɢֱ֣ȴû˿֣
ɲǺ죬һ̳׵ıȡ˰İһ
УֵӰ߳һ١
ˣ˾ңδһֵĳֳ޷ݵľϲһ̳ίһΣҪ֡
ȴǣʶ̧־ҪֹʶĶ۾
̧˲䣬һ˦˲Ϣʧʱԣĵüġ
һ͸޷ţԪҲ֮
˫ͫ͵һͷڳˮ¶Ȼ̺˼ץŮӾҪߡ


1347 ֮սһ
ûֹӴžͬȻľŮѸٺˣת۾ʧԶ
ʿǱҪġ˫ۺâһȻɫֱǰ˲Ϣȥ
һ޾¡¡ľ죬Ҫ̮һ㣡һ콵٣ڴأγһ֮װ磬ʹǣΪ֮
˺Уɫ¶־壬ʩչͨóķԿ޾Σĺɫ磡
Щͨɫ̺Ȼ޷ֹƬ̣
ʲôӾкԥץΪŮʵ˫֮һŮӣŮӻûӦʱ̾赲ǰٵĺɫ磡
һŮ¶ţ
һ赲ӷĺˣ˺գһҪ̤ȥȻһ˲䣬ɫ紩͸һУֱ٣Ӻ룡
һ˫̻ͫɢȫȻԪ
ֳ֣һнƬ̣ŮûɱСƲˣ˿Ľ֣˵Ҳ޹ؽҪ
ĿһУٴμֵ֤ǿ󣬴˿æһģҪ˵ȴһץֱ봢ռ䣬һΣռ۶ȥ
ҪӭսˣĿ¶⣬ٶԽԽ죬Ƭ̼ͳǵ㣬ǿ֮У
ǿ䣬Զ˿ƺҲֵܵ־̤ǿգǱʮǻУƯĴȥ
ף춯أ⽻ߣγһΪ˵Ļ棬ٻ޾
̤磬ʥأȥ
ʥϣǴǿ޾µĲ˿ҲֶͬԿƣ
֮أ;ʥزԶ˿ٶȺȻ̾ٽٵɲǣʱʥϣһϵ
ʥأûٻڣ£
ɫƽͲᣬ̧ǰһָ޾ȴǷ۶һĻһָһ磬ʥغ
죬Ǵµɲǣһʥ˸棬ͬһ㣬
󵨣ôʥߣŭ𴫳ɲǣʥȻͷɳһˣΪﵽһߣһϣһʹӷ̧߳ӡֱ
ЦӲ˷һ֮³ǰһ㶣жʱûȷӦȻץ֮ϣĿסұһӣʱͽ
˲䣬ԪХȫڣһ·֮£ȴ˲Ϣͽɱ
һͣҽУӺȻˤʥط֮ϣֱӱ
ߵʱʥڵʿһХʥڴһ˲䣬˵ȫ𶯣ɢĿâ
𶯣ֺâһ㶣ܿͷӦɫ̴䣡
âôʥأ
ϵҲͬɢâóһ飡˫غȴ޾ƾճ֣߻һָ֮£ȫʥط
֮춯أͬʱ̾ʿʮѸ˲ƶһɫΪֱֶ
ЩʿΪʵң˿δٽһʩչͨ٣
һЩʿٽɲǣ˫͵һӣſڴڣһ
֮ףҺ
һʿʱһӾɫ䣬ڵһ̺ƲܲٿأҵĲͬеʣ
ۣһͺֵɲǣʱʿĲҽУȴһȫйıγһ磬ֱֶȥ
ѸۣһɴСӴ򣬱ֳס·ʥطݺݵһף
֮ĴʥطҵĲ
ÿ֮׽Ҫɣ壬ʲôʱһӣһɭȻʹʥڴȴһµߣʥصڣһ߳ͷףɫΪɢֱӳȴһﵽ˵һ˥Ĵͨߣ
߻ڵ˲䣬ʮϣ̾ǧʿХ
ҿ㵽ûпʸ񣡡Ц¥ɱ˵֮ʱȻһʥطüӡȻ֣һ죬ȴӡһֱ֣
̤ͷһץ̾һѳ˸
ƽĿŴˣҡҡͷ
㣬ûʸһս˫ĿâһХԼٶֱ˸ȥ˲Ϣƿһգֱһ
صһ˻кȻ˵һ˥¶޷ݵľһӣг赲ǰҪԿٵĺɫ硣
֮£г̱ΪƬ߸ɫ԰̺ˣǺɫȴǸ죬ƿ˳ֱӾҪڡ
¶ҵľ֣ĸоδһ˽ӽǺɫüĵɲǣһʥڷĴ
ס֣źĳ֣һӼΪߴӣһһֱƿ˷󣬳˵һ˥ʿߡ
ٶ뼫ȣ̫ٵǰһ˲˵һ˥ʿüģֱӴԴ͸
ʿ˫۶ʱɢѪһͷ£Ԫȴ˳δ
üͷһ壬˿̱ϾǱ壬̺Ĳ࣬޷ɱһ˵һ˥ʿ
壡ǸߴһץסͬԪ͵ؿ֣˫¶ɱ˵˥Ϣڱ춯أǿն˲㲨ơ
ûж̧͵һüģͷ֮϶ʱ䣬ȴֵԪֱӴڷڷɳ֮䣡
Ԫ׹˸Χǰ׻ƣ쾪춯أ
֮ףҺ޾٣ұ𣡡
ɢһɲǣܵ̾ͬһˣǺ֮£ιȴǴ˷Ŵ˵غХ
ԶͿԿˣ٣
⼫Ϊ׳۵һĻͬǿһ㣬ʹЩϳֵʿһɫ䣡ǸߴӣҲΪ֮ɫ䣡
֮ȡһһɲǣʥڣصĲ֮УȴǴһƵĵͺ
㣬Ǻˣ
ǲڲ֮ڱչ˵˻֮ˣ壬˵˥Ĵϣ
֮ڣ¶һŰɴСףüĵӡ֮âƽǿգ
֣ˣղףһ壡Ŀһڡ


1348 ֮ս
ִ˿ԪϣȻڷ壬ڷǵƺź󷽵ǿƮȥչڴ˵ǰ֣ȫ׹˸һ׽١
ƽ˵ɲǣʮǵ޾򣬷ΪҵľΪ֮Ӧһ㣡
һĻʥطӸߴͫΪ̾ĸܵϴǹɼϢ
ԭ㲻ˣʥ֮ϣ޵Ĳ֮Уֳǰףͳ
ΪҲҰһ壬¶䣬Ȼѹ޾֮
ԪƯǿգ׹֮£֮Σɫ糣ûа仯ֻ˫Ŀһ̧һָʥĲ֮ϵף㣬ɸһս
ˣʲôıƣˣΪһս
֮ǰһУҲΪһսʶŻڷԪϣϣţԶԷĲٿأǻƽ֮ʱԼԪ죬˿ԼȫɢԷضῴߣ
Ϊնһǿߣһս
ڵ˲䣬һͣ˻һֱ󷽼ۣ䣬ɢ޾ȴǾ춯û˸ǰֹ
ʥӸߴĿһҪ׷ʥڣһɲҲоŵϢȻ֣
ŵϢȫ˥ʿ
һսãصȴǲ֮Ȼ䣬Ǿ޴һɢâӰһ߳
˿ԼѮң˫Ŀ͸ϲޱ֮ɫ촽ԱȻԿ̱֮ˣ˿߳ȫֱ߳ʥڣ
μϣӸߴ̹ԶЩͬϳֵ˲䣬˫¶ȣ
ϣ飬һȨ۷壬ܵ˾ĤݣУϾ죡
ʥֵľŵϢ˿Ҳûγ˾ŸͲ֮ͬˣ׷׹
кܶأдãԴΪ壬²ǶһˣػҵҪȥкα£˫ԱĴĮ˵б˫֣ǰȥ
죬һ֮¾ͿԽǿǰ޾Сһ㡣
ǰۣͬǰУƬ̣͵תȴ䣬Խ嶪Զɣ
ʥأȻԶǿΨĿ޵˴ڣ
پ֮ף֮ףһʥͬȴڵĲԴϣȷϷ֮ҲȷϷԭɣǴɫƽ̫̫ãǼߣֵһǰˡ
㲻Ϸֳ֣ɡǴʼɫϲŭƽͬԨ̶ˮ͸µϢ
⻰ڵɲǣ̧ǰһӣȻ䣬ǿվһ޴оȻ˲Ϣϻּ֣о춯أһ־ŭ
ȴһڷһͷͷͷת֮£оŰپʮͷÿһ֮˿ȫ֣̾ǿգŭƾ޾ֱֳȥ
˫ͫ״˵˥ǿߣܱȲϵȴǵǿ˿̿Է־ǾŰپʮͷûͨȻأ˷ķ룡
ڶݲȥ˼̫࣬ЩŭӼۺˣ˫֮ǰһָԪ׹˸γһԲ׹֮Ԫ⡣
⻷ֵɲǣ˫͵һƣ֮ҺתǬұ
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䣡
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飬ǵһ𶯣Ǻ䲻ϵس£ȴǺԽԽ죡
һжǵʯ䷢Ĳ˼飬ֺ˳ǧɵɲǣɫ͵һ䣬ԥһԪǰһȥԪ̲֮¼ٵ
Լٶȸı䷽ȥ˲䣬֮ǰ֮вƻصһֻϵݺݵһĹȥ
˵ͻȻֵΣбܹȻ֮ɨУǰԪɫ̲԰ס
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Ҫȥ޾򣬽ϷһսϷǰһȫ־ڣܽȥ㣡ƽĿڣҲΪ
һﲻչһٶȷǰУ֮죬˲Ϣٽ粨ΰ޾
޾죬ԪٽɲǣΪң侪죡
ͬʱ޾һԼǧɴС֮Уϥı壬Ȼ˫ۣ¶ɭɭâ
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1349 ֮ս
ֱѵ˲䣬Ĵǰ׷ԪȫһɲǾҵĲһЩֱӺȻ
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µɲǣһĮĺȻʹԶ޾Ե
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1351 ֮ս壩
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1352 ֮ս
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Уǰ̫ǻûӴӣȻһΪУҪɢ֮䣬»صʧ֮е̫׽磡
ϴ˿͸쾪֣ǽɫ߳ɲǣӼۺˣȴȻǱǱನɨһ£Ѫ弱ٺˣɫ԰ףʧ⣡⣡ⲻܣ޵Ѿߣ³䣡
㵽˭ԺηȻ⵱ȺʿķϽս񣬴˿̺Ȼﵽ˼ޣ¶޷ݵĿ־壬Ǳӣۿ
֮ʱֻһʿۿȺʿ죬Ŵ˱ޣһ֮رתǿճֹ֣תǬ߽һ㣬֮оͳ߰أ
ǿʿڶޣƿޣ޾ڰڣһ֮£Ȼ飬Щ߰ڣΪһס֮ˣ
ͬʿЩͬʱƿڣһŭһµĿֲϢڷĴϢУһõӰ޳
ȴʿĵ£ֲӰȻ
ѾˣˣΪ⵱ʿٴγ֣ڴĪǣĪ⣬Ӣ֣͵Ϊޣ¶̰
ϵ˼Ͼȥ˿˫Ŀ¶֮âЩҪɢص̫׽İ˺̫ǡ
ֻ̫ǻǣȴ̫ҵֻ°˿ȴǾܷᣡ
йâ˸ۿЩǽҪʧһɢȥ֪ǷĻᣬ˿ʲôҲ˲ã˫ĿһգȴüкȻ֣Ԫֱӳ
Ԫ̫˿ԪȴǼٵĸı䣬ɲǣͻһޱ޼ʵ쿪
Ԫǰ̫ΪȸǣΪ̻̻꣡꣬һлԪ
ʱգֺʹã˿ȴһʩչ
̵̡̡̣̫ǣǣ֮ᱩ͸Ԫ̾ͻһŴڣǰ͵һչɣ
ЩҪɢ̫꣬ɲǾͲȴ˲Ϣ䣬һֱԪУ
һ˲䣬ֵԪı䣬֮δڰ㣬ʣ
һĻԶϣĿɿڴ˫͵¶޷֮ɫҲû뵽֣Ȼ̣Ȼ̣̫
⡭ôܡ


1353 ֮սߣ
̫Ǳ˺ѳݣ˿ڷɿɢһ̣ȴȫоԪڡ
Щ̫ƵĻǸһԪԪ˸ߣʮɴϸǧɳ̺֮磬žžͬǿһ㣡
һ޷ݵֵ֮ԪںȻɢ춯أ
ǿһ磬һһйص֮һ˲䣬ɿĻûưסһЩʲôȴЩģ
Ԫڵ֮Դ˿̸Ƿͣͬһ࣬һ㣬֮ÿһ֮ԴᱩıԴ֮
Ϊ˵ģֵԪԪ֮ɰ̫ӣ֮һϵе컯£ȴǽתγ˱ԴʹԪ񼸺һ
ҲǼԪδĳΪ
£ԪȴǷ˵ߵǬҵ䣡Ԫ񣬲ϵؽǱɵ̫ǣʹԪ񽥽Բɣ
֮ǰԪ񾡹岻֮ͬȵĴڣͬȣҲֻǲΣȻǿ֣֮ڣһڷɿĸı䣡
ǧٱԪӡ֤Ԫڴ֮ȴٴλ̻꣬ſںݺݵһ
ɫ䣬ǿһ˺ѷ죬ʣ̫ǣȫкȻӿԪڣ
ɲǼ䣬ֵԪ䶯ȴǴмٸı䣬Ȼ侹Ȼһɿµ֮ԴϢԪй
ϢһɢǿջʱˣڲڳϢĴУʥڣصĲ֮ף˽սһ
̫Ŵһ޷ݵľѹ˿̴ȴͬһӴޣ˶Σգս
Ԫ֮£֮ԴϢɢȴɲǼдĿԪڲϵѹ£Ȼţǿеģһ޴ͼڣ
ͼڸһ֣̾һɾȻǲ֮׵ѹɢزǿմΧı춯أ
ͼ⣬֮׼תһͼ
һ˵ʵȴϢĿɿڴͻıʣ޷⣬˼Уûп̫ǵ˵
ȴһɼΪǿҵΣоټǴʥز֮׵ڱ޲ߴߴϣ
ȥҪֹͷɫʱѹͺǰһΣɿٽ
ٽ˲䣬Ԫͼ̺ˣֱӡüģڣԪλɲǣȫÿһ˿⣬ÿһͷȵȵһУ̼ȫ֮
ˣͬΪ
Ŀ׹һȴǱԴӡǻû֮ţǿʮֹٽǰһ˲̧ǰһӡ
֮죬˷޾صһɵϸ֮ɲǾͳ⣬Щֵ̺֮־᲻ƣͬޣ֮ԴֶԿ޴򿪵Ŀܣ
Уϸ֮ԽԽ࣬ԽԽת֮£ʮ㡢ٲ㡢ǧ㡢㡭㣡
ϺȻ٣˫ǰ˵˥Ϊ֣ǰݺݵһ˺ȴǺصӲǱ˺ϸ˺ɲǣЩײȴָ̻
Ҫ뿪Ѱһȫ֮رչ˼սѸٺˣһ̾ͳͨ߰ص
ֺˣͬһ㣬ΣԽԽŨ
ôߣͺһѪһѪɫ׹⣬üӡ˸ȫѪڣγѪǰȻ֮
֮ضγײ˲ϢȴǴҪ˺ɲǣײ㣬Ȼٴλָ
һΪȫϣֽսʼռ۷壬˿֮ԴȴԿ֮⣬ǻ˵˥ʿҪɱ֣򵥺ܶࡣ鷳Уֶޣƴľٿأ
˿ۿֺ֮ԽԽ죬ϸо룬ȴ˫¶֮ɫ
Ϊ˵˥ʿֻ֮ǰʩչЩֶΣ˵˥ǿߣΪ̶ȣԶԶس˵˥ʿ
ǰǣʩչΨ˵˥ʿſԷӵĶͨ
ͨ
ԼԪɢԴǿƶ֮ͨԷӳ̺һ˿ϢĴ󷨽٣⣬˵˥Ϊǿԭڣ
սϴδʩչͨԪȻ࣬Ҫʱ̷ӡΪʹԼԪŻ˲ſȥȴĻԵ
£ȴǹ˲̫࣬ɱһ̧һָգеͺȡ
ͨ죬ǰĲʥףū֮ݣԪʥ壬ʥ׽粻ף̺һ仰ڵ˲䣬üӡ˸Ŀ֮â
ģһ޴̳֮䣬֮ޱ޼ʣ̧ͷͿɿ⣬Ҳ
ŲɣϸвƣƾĳսЩһ㣬֣ȴһ޷ݵѹƵ٣
ѹ֮ǿһʹײ㷢ܵɫһ䣬Ķ̣¶ء
֣Ҳһ
Ҫ̣Ǻ˵˥ʿֵͨж
̳֮Ϣ˳лתСȦתţصתҲɲǼ䣬ȹ
ɫ̲԰ףƻǱиһ֣һֻ˲Ϣɢ
֮ɢģӴ̣ƺ㹻Ԫʧǿգʧɲǣʥǲ֮׺ȴƴзֳһƿأֱս
˲Ϣ䣬ⲻ׷ֳĲ֣Ȼ٣ϵͺһָⲻ֮׺併٣ͬһ㣬ײ֮ϡ
飬춯أײ˲ȫǻָҲɲٴα߽⣬һɿµ˲Ϣ˫ͫһȴǺԥǲ֮ɲǣ
һкڶȻһȥֱ̤ڶӰɢǲ֮˸Уֱ׷˽ȥ
ԥۿоҪɢȴǰһΣкڶ


1354 ߽նɽһ
ͨ߰صɲǣ̾һƬǰ˸У֮Чʹ˺֮ٸ졣
׷ĲȻײ˹֮ϣɲУҵĺ߰ڷĻصȴǹٵ˸Ȼ
˲䣬߰ڴڵˣһѪȫ
ȴɢ뿪󣬰гһٽ߰סȴûɱһһӡǵΪĳߡ
˿̹Щȫ
ǲͬһȴǹ̺ķǿʹⲻҲɢ˲٣Ҫ׷ɱɲǣǰǿУȴ֮Ӱ˸
ɢˣһʹ֣Ŀ¶֮â̧һѾץǲ֮ϡ
֮صɢ裬ȫ죬ſѪǲȴıץסɿɢʼն
ֹͣˣһζȭǰԥĺĿ籾ԴһƬɢ
ɢ˵ͺٴκݺһʹòٴɢ˲ٺ󣬶ʱֵ֣ɲǣȭͷԴ֮йȫǲ֮ϡ
ڶ˵ĺϻ֮£ǲ֮Ȼ
һɾ޴ĳʹɢ˱ܿһж˲Ϣڶ˺˵˲䣬ϵӰ˲Զ
һ֣̾ɫһ䣡
߰أ
һ۾Ϳɢˣ˫ĿȻһ¡
ϣɻǵңɢ˶Ŵϣڡ
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߰أԷµȦɱ֮УΪͨ죬ڵܣ֪ԷȻҰԼ֣ȴûоţɨɢһۣüͷ
㣡֮ҽŹ֮£ǴϾɫ糣˿ȴ𾪣ϳ˶ԷȴôҲ޷߰صУȻһΪﵽ˳̶֮֮ǰȻûκη֣
飬󣬸޷˼飬Ȼ֣ͱҪԷɱ
ɢ˴Ц¶ԹޣĶϣڵҲд񣬾Ҫأνɽ磬ɱ
ЦǰһΣȴ̧ǰɨк֣ҲϷĶ֣
һ֮£غ޾ûγ򣬺֮ɢȥ
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ǿ̹ɽĺޣĺޣʹĳЦ
գɢҪΪµ汲Ҫ߱ɣЦǰһȥ˫֮£͵һ
Ϸ߱߰أؾͷһȦ㼣̤߰κһأȴһʽԴͨ
߰߱ӡ
ɢ߰ǿպ䣬ƴӳ˯ѣͬʱɢ⣬ȻƬƾճ֣
ЩƬ̫࣬һۿȥޱ޼ʣϸȴǿԾ˵ķ֣Ƭӣ߰һһ
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ֹۺǷɽʯţһ
ֻɢӡģ߰أؾͷҲȫУ
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⣡ɢ˵ͺУƬγһ޴ķӡ
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ϲݷģĿ¶ϣȴ׼ʩչ˵˥ͨһٽǰ˺ɱΣ֮УԪ䣡
⣬˼˫͵һ죬ȫͣһͷ޷Զ˺Ȼͱ˾ǿΪ
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ԽԽң˲ϢȡһǻһƬƬ𶯣γɲƴƲڷɢ
𶯣ǴͨԷѪҺת֮䣬Ӷʹһб𶯲ߣ
ĻصһȴѪ˫֮£̾к绽ĶԿ
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ƣ˿ԽӾңϵ߰Ӱײγ˾춯ص졣
䣡
߰öأڿٵ£Ȼ˵ȴͬһǿķ֮ʹ𣬳ң߽˴룡
Ŀһһֳ̧һָǿգݺݵºȻȥڰȥ˲䣬˫ĿͫһӳյǿգȻߵ
ӡ
ΪأΪգǿգһɲǣͫתȫתǬı䣡
ڸıһ̣ǿУûһĻתͬʱչ˺ļѹɫ䣬˫һӣȴƲºݺݵţҪ֧һ㣡
ɢĿһֱ̳תڵĴ϶ȥ˫ȻоŰʮһӡ⣬ĳȥ
ָбɱ̧иӡǰһ֮£һ޴ӡʹ˳ֱ֣ϣ
ӡ죬Ƶ̺޾ͨʹ˫ͫ׺ݺݵһ


1355 ߽նɽ
һжɲǷɢ̤¶ɱ˫ǰһӣŰʮһӡǷйȫ˻ĹƲڡ
Ʋ̾Ϳʼ˱
˲䣬ӡתصļѹκεֿݺݵغӷĺˣȻǷ츲صѹײɫ̲԰ס
˵˲ϢֵӡƵ֮죬޷ɲǾֱϡ
֮صͬʱɢͬתžŰʮһӡٴ׷ȥ˫ǰһָǧӡǺȥӡһ֮ͬ
ҵĺ׳һѪȴٴˣͷɢɫŭֹ֮ͣˣ¶һüӡ
׷֮ף֮ףԪ֮ףź֮ס֮ף֮ף֣˲ʹüӡںԼɵ֮ף
ǿգ֮ףǿɣһףһǣ۳
ףǿƬһּķӶںϳ
Ԫ֮ףΪ򵥣ʿԪڷ֮ƿԪʹԪɲǣһ˲ƺڶֹ޵ԪִۣԪ֮ף
ź֮ףǿлһЩ򣬳״֮һзʧЧͨҲãĵطеķÿǧᵮһ⣬Ǵź֮ף
֮ף̫ǳɱڣѼ֮⾳ɣ
ͬ⣬˫ֻУγһ޴֮УУǰٽ
ӡһʱ֮ȴǳ˴ѷ죬ɢ˵ľŰһӡǣͬ޷ֿˡ
ҿζԿϷѼ۳ȫףȥɱˣϷҪɱһǧ߰йߣѪϴ˵ؾ󲿷ʿǣ
ϷŭƶкȻɢ˲Ϻˣ˫Ĺһ̵ͺȣ˵߳ɰգ
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仰µ˲䣬ǾŰʮһӡǺɢ֮âȴйɻϢ֮£Ȼһ
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¡¡ľ˺һޣ˷޾ȥײ£Ȼһ١
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һе˲ϢǧУһһкȻٽֱĹӰ֮ϡ
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ֻɢ飬Ǽǿ֮ˣ˿̶֣ټϴˣȴһʱ֮ѷʤ
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ȱɱĤңΪͽϧ꣬һ֮Ҿۣ
绽һбɱֻصĻǣϥ֮ϺȻа֮вٻǣǱΪۣͳ֮
ǼΪߣ֮Į𣬵ԶŮȣȴǲ磬Ůһ𣬾ȫĲ֡
Щ֮˲Ϣ䱻ȫӺ绽ߣ⣬ɲоγһ״С
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֮ܲٿ֮һ̣ı𶯣ǿղ߽⣬ײ
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꣬𣡣
绽ڴǺԴ˴ٴͳŨŨϺȥ
УȻ֮ǲдȫֱ϶ȥͬʱɢĹΪ
֮أѪⲻ֪ʱ۳һɫ׹ףӲϵغˣ˫лɢѪ˿¶
Ԫ岻ʥף߰أ׷߰⣬ʥϵĲȻȴǡ
ȴѸһ㣬Ǻ˸׵뿪ʥأƿޣȻֱ߰ض
֮ǰ˵߳ɰգɢϥ£ɫ¶ȴᶨ֮ɫ
߰󣬿


1356 ߽նɽ
ɢƺ󷨵ĿԸȴܲôûǿκˣֻĵȥǷˣʿ
ڵأٵģǴഫϵɽ磬ٵģһе࣬Ҫһͬƿƿأ߳ȥΪġˣ⣬ɢĵ
֮߰߰Ϊ󷨸ɢ˻ɲǣ߰УһǳڣһˣŮ١
߳ᣬϥ˼⣬ǲͨȴһȫҪصľģ
ҵȲϣҵȲҵȲȦҵҪƿأҪ߳ǬҪɽ磬ԸԼΪһδ
߰ڣһ֮ˣҲӸ߳ĬĬ̧ͷգĬĬϥ£ͷųΪǿ
ҵȲ֮ޣ˽ٻ֮ޣҵѪ⣬ϲбΪΪɽ磬ɽ٣ɽ粻ʣҵȱҪɽ磬Գˣ
ڶɢѹΪʼûٵĻ۷ʿ߰һչض֮߳ɫ͸Թ͸ϥ֮Уʹ
ҵˣ׸֮ҵޣɽȡ֮ɽҪҪҵȣҪ߳
һ飬е˼˲Ϣһһγһ޷ݵķ籩
籩߰رѹ󣬱ķƴһɲĵŴγɵ
޼᲻ݣ£ҲҪ𺳣ϵķһ𺳵棡
ⲻһ˵棬飬߰ʿͬ棡
߰Ѫ⣬ӡֹһ̤֮벽ɢ춯أƵ֮£Ȼ߰ÿһڣ
ȻԽԽǿջһɾ޴ķ籩籩ִ֮δ
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һ˲ص𾪰˻ģ߰ضʱҵĲ籩ĵŭ߰ʿ֮˵źһγһضԿľ
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ˡˣ߰ʿˣˣȻȻҲˣ
߰صķ籩⣬ڶȻ£׺𣬺ȻУٴ˷籩֮ϡ
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һЩѪӿҲҪԼһ
ʿһͬѪԶԶˣʶ˷ҲǼǿһЩʿֱȻߣȴûκηҲĸԸ
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⽣߳ߣԼ磬磬Ŀ֮貣
ѣϷ֮߰߰½Ϊó֮󣬷ӡ˻ĵͬʱ۳һնִ֮˽߰أն߽ɱϣ⣬Ϸ߳ɰڣ
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Ϣ˲ģҪƿضȥľ
ʲô߰ϣڣ
һжڶ֮ʱϴ˿ɫ˲䣬Ķ߳߳¶⡣
߰أЦУǰһȥֱ̧֣𣬻һƬ
ֳĬûп˲ϢٽɲǼ䣬޾ȫγۿҪϣϣҲǲʮɣ
͵̧ͷֺݺһ߳߳ǰȻһն
غââ֮أһйâȫգΪسʱһһ㣡
һն£أ
ûнȴǵһµɲǣ߰߾ǵȴĸԸȴǻһ޷ݵһ֮ڣƵ
ڣγ˻ǰĽâȻֱ϶ȥʩչһ˲ȫȻû˿ĵֿ֮
𣬼ˣϴŵɲǼûͣ׵赲ǰǵһնµĽâȻһ
죬һĲҽдӽâ֮¶޷֮ɫŨŨĿ־ϵ嵱ǵµԵֵֿ֮˿̣ȴһ֮£ȻǴϸѪӱݺݵ׳ǧɡ
âɢһϣ
׳ǧϣĿп־죬һ֮̾ȴһѷȻ˲Ϣ䣬һ죬ǴȻƬ
һ˿ڣȻڴǰĿģѪģɫΪ԰ףٴһѪԥĺˣ


1357 ߽նɽģ
˿̵ϣȻ׵ıһ֮𺳣Ϊ־壬һԽ䳹׻ɣԪûлӶݣһ֮£
ʲô޷ԿȻˣɫ԰ףΪȻ
֮һԶԶɱ˱ǵλƣںˣӻ꣡
ΨΪ˵˥ߣʹãƾŴǵ֣ܳҲԶԿһ
£һȴͷƤ飡˼Ҫۺˣ˫Ŀһ̧߳߳
һǿȴĸܵһ£߰Ϳ̿˸Ϊۣӳһ
˽ܳء
ֱ̧˫Ŀͫ׷ͺ˫һָзĴȣʥף籩٣
üӡݺݵһģȫӡ֮һƿصҪĲٻΨǲԼղſ棡
Ļգɣ
ѾܾûǿҵΣ˿̼һ㣬ĵͺУ籩ĲȻͿֹ侪춯أŷ籩չϵغ
֮ضھҵĻصÿһκ£籩
ֲȥ֮ʱ̧߳߳𣬶Զϣ˲£ȻУڶնȥ
âХ˴̺֮ɱһ޷ݵĽۣȥֱϣ
ͺ𣺡٣٣٣üӡȻһ룬γһɾ֮⡣
ͬʱͺƺ籩Ĳ֪Ȼ䣬֪Ժַ˲ϢԼǧףֱ籩ȥ
籩߰鲻ʿҲ׷ױҵ£ֻĵڶҲܵ˲δϣѸٵɢת۾дȥ
ɢ˫ؿһ㣬Ѫ˺ήȴһɺƵ֮߰ڴ
ɽӣǴأǲľһҰ޷ݣ籩ǲٴζԿֹЩƿĲ
ϲҽеˣһѪӡķȻؿٴγһ˿ڣɼ׹ǣ
ˣ⽣â֮Ǵǰ˿ڣ̺߰ǣһ֮꣬˿ڷ˺ҧ
ǲ籩ʹǵڶɢ߳ɣϣ˷޿ӳ
ˣȴϼˣ
ʹʹ˱Ű˷񣬴˿ϣˣǱ˺ҧľʹ˿Ѫ˺֮ʹȫ޷ܣо籩Ʋӳȥ
֮£ԲӶݣɫ˫͵һӣĺ˭ҲɱϷϷǧԪ֮ӡ֮ͨףҳ
ŴŭɫΪ԰ףǧԪ˲Ϣɢһɾǿ֮Ȼ
ǰȻתȻγһͼתΪУһɳ޵ڶѹͼֵ˲䣬ض֣
ףɱˣŭ֮£ͼȻȴһΪȻ˸һԪףһףһ𣬾γף
ֵۣ˲䣬ٴ̧չ˵ݺݵһնâĿһ㣬߰ǣ಻ϵ֮Х£һ֮ӣطƣȥһ
죬ѪӺ̧ͷ¶ǰֱӳȥ̧˲Ϣն˵Ľ
ǿ֮߰ԿȴǺȻγһɳȫǴϣѪɫΪ԰ףǰȴǳ˵˿ڣ˱
ǳڣ˺ҧɣʹϸΪƴ֮壬ǰһֱֳȥ
ϷҲҪһֻͬأ
ǰ˲䣬ֵĵâȻն£⽣âХ߰ĺ뷴Ȼ٣
ɲǼ䣬һӣԥģն˵彣
âһǰһ󣬼һγһˣĳȥϴ˿ھʹҲȻ񣬲ٿԪ֮£˫ǰһӡ
޼ԪϷ򴫳е֮ԴΪƶͨ϶֮ŭ죬ǰ̾ͼԪ
϶֮һͨ϶Ϊǳǳ֮Žɱǣڴ⣬ǿȻǹ貶ȴǻһͼͼƵصϢ˿֮һۣҪȥһ
ǾǸ˸Ȼ˾ŵĹ⣬ֱӴͼڴ͸ǰٶȥԿֵġ彣
䣬춯֮˲ϢͷĴ˺Хһͨ϶֮Žɱһ
Ǿҵĺǿձ˾޴˺ѣ˺֮޾߰ǿģĹ㳡˺֮ºȻ鿪Ƭ
У϶֮ͼ𶯣ѷ죬ʹ˺߽⣬ŽɱĹ⣬Ҳȫ˺ɢȫѪģ˫ȸǺһ뱬ֻʣϰ޷ݵĿ־壬˴ǷѹƮȥ˫ʱ°Ѫ䶯ڼٻָ
ޣԪӶݣ
һĽ彣Ȼɢ߰ҲѪڴ죬Ѫͷײϡ
͵̧ͷĶǰϣɱ񣬵ͺղĳĲݣ
˫ĿѪ˿ǰһ߳߳ٴ̧ն˵
һز߰غȻбԵƬ޷֮ǿ˺϶Ǿ֮£߰صľͷ֮Ҳ̳˴Ƭѣ߰أҪ׵ıһ㣡



1358 ߽նɽ꣩
ϿһĻɢ֮ٸΪ¶Ŀ־뺧Ȼһֹ
˿̫ǳ֮˿߸ϣԵҲ׵ͷϣȻ޷ţ
߳߳ĸ֮ܵǰ彣ҪǿڣȻһԹ
Թ֮ŨҲΪ֮𺳣ѼԹ˿⽣֮Թȣȴ΢
նµɲǣغͬʱ˫ͫȻһ˿˿ƾճֵĻǣЩ֮ǰ֮Բһϣ̫̫ԹԹ춯أ
֮£˲䣬ޱ޼ԹĻǷչǿ֮Уһɲ¶ӰȴŮһ˫Ŀ͸޾Թޣĺ໥һ𣬻Ƶâ⣬ȻУγ⾪ĵ
Թ֮
߰бٺɱ֮Թۣ˵˵ɢȴһԹ֮ͣ߰ڣǲľʹɢһ̣һУԹɽ磬Թˣ
˿̣УȴЩԹǣȫ֣ҪˣҪԹй
ֵ£âХһָϣЩԹҵйĳڣĻԹ֮ն£
ϻûȺ˶Զʩչͨ˿֮£ԪǼ˲Ϣ䣬̱糤ӰԹУ֮춯ء
ǴϵĲҽвϣ屻Թչ˷ɣƬ°ڿٻָѪ̵̱һɶĹͷɣ
ϰ˿̱ޱ޼ʵԹ֮£Ѫģһɿɢʹ࣬ʹǴϲҽмΪѪһڿڱЩ޾ԹĻҧ¡
˲Ϣ䣬ȫѪⱻɵĸɸɾͷҲȫҧ룬ֻʣԪ񣬵ԪҲ޾Թɡ
ҵʹ֮£Ȼ־壬ʹĴȫⲻϵɢһԹ꣬ȴָԹٴƺȫɣģ
Ϸȥŭ죬ϵغԪüĵӡȻһ鱬ȴӡȫ̾һ֮Ȼ𣬻һ˺صɨ֮£̾ͰЩԹɱ
ӡ൱ǽʿԱֻ̫ǳ֮޶أӡ󲢲ǻ֮󣬿Դһʱ䣡
˿ӡȫΪıԪ˲һɵԹ֮󣬸˫־壬͸ĺâֱֳȥ
ǶҪȫΪȫԪϷҪʩչϢ֮ǶҪ
Ϣ֮ͨǵȺʿǰڵһʽѧȻڵһ֣
Ϣ֮ڣһеˣԪϾҲǼߣʩչ֮ˣκδĿܣ֮
ֵǵҲҪΪͷʹҲûеܣȴȻǴĸԭ
Ϸ֮£̧վһָ
Ϣ֮
Ȼ䣬һ˵ϢȻ߰ڣ۶ǵ֮
ɫ䣬޷ֿ޷ƿ˲Ϣ٣һɲǣԪʱɶҪڱ
һϢ̫죬תɲǣʱ͸ǷɽڵʯţͨȻڷת
֮תǧ꣡
ͨתͬʱ̧𣬻ӳ˵߽һ
߽ȴ֣֮߳߳һƿһޣĵ߽̫ǿĳ֣ʱǿձ߰ش½Ȼ̮Ǿҵĺϵشγ˾صһĻ
߰һޱ޼ʣƬÿһƬϣʿˣĸԸķ׳һУ
һ߰ڣδй޽ӽԽĵһȻ֣
ˮһҲɫ䣬Ӷݣһɣ
磬ƾͬӶҲȻ޷ܿɲǼ䣬⽣ͺ£ǴһԪ֮۵Ȼ
Ԫ޷Ӷݣ⽣ֱӹᴩ֮صأԪɢӱˡ
ۿҪ˫Ŀ󣬷ǰһ
ʥףңң
ɲǣ籩ǳĲȻһ٣Ӧū͵Ľ֮Ҳ֮ȴ˲ϢһԼɵľף
ֱ籩ȥɵĲҲı֮£Ƿ籩ķӡ̲ȴڵֿȻˣ
һѷ籩ΧɲǼѷԽԽ࣬ԽԽ籩߽⣬鿪˷ϵɢȥ
ɢѪӴ߰صںбıƳʱǲںг߰ڣ޷ٶȣֱӽ˾ҪĴǰǽ
̾б֮ƣǽڣȴ߳߳壬˿һǲͺȥ
һɲǣɢ˫ȫ𣬵ͺ
߰ػ֮վڴ˵أеˣе飬һͬƿɽ磡
߰أƬ½ϴ飬һ˲һϧȫһеһж׳֣֮߳߳ڣǲչյľս
߳߳߰صһ֮ʥĶԿ֮߰ƿһеľģ
һ˲䣬ǿأǾҵƵʹô˵ľͷһ޴ѷ죬ȴǺȻ
ͷıʱһĳʹ߰أ̾Ϳʼ˱
ͬʱһе֮߳߳ƬɢͬģǲҲܵش֮¾ȻȥܴϣǼˣƿޣʧӰصʥڣͬʱʮϣʿٿصģһ֮󣬷ֹһ̤벽
дˣɽѿرǣȥɢ¶˷ܣһ˦ȴǾ˿дһ֮߰ˣһɷ籩˳ǲȥȱڣȥ
ĿһȻֱ֣Ǳȥһеֿ֮ĴԪȥ


1359 ˵
ԪһϢԪ֮ǰˣڲ߳߳ײ£֮Ԫٴĵ
˿ʣһƲԪ񣬼ɢ˴룬Ƕģ壬ãȻۿҪɢ֮ڣȴ޽˸֮ºɨ̾;Ԫݺݵһק
޻ɫ֮󣬿ɳɶ̣˿һק֮£߸ϲһԪʱһѾץС
˵˥ͨʿһͿɳΪܵԪܷŹɱΪɱ֮ͼΪǿ˵Ԫڴڵ֮Ƕĸ
˵Ԫ񱾾ãĵرУȴǱ֮ĵرҪҪֹͿһ컯
ԪдãһΣɢ˾ֱ֮߰ȱڶȥ
˿̣߰ⳡѵһĴս֮ȻǧٿףƲ羡ͷı籩ɨŰϣһɹɻϢһС
߰رǱ˿̳鳾ȴһйɢɢ֮ʱ죬ɥӣΪ߰صɢֹ
ȥ֮ʱһ̫ǳʱ˵࣬˴ʿڶļƬ֪Ϊ̫ǳ壬ǴͬʣžԵȨ
̫ǳڣҲպ֮ϡٵĵ⣬˸ǣΪΪ̫ǳ壬ʥ󣬹ʶϣ̫ǳҪ
ضһƽ٣Ҫ֪ɭ̫ǳЩ꣬˵ɱ˵ȴǴδ
Ͼ֪֮£˻ѡϣѡһֶӶݡ
һ̫֮ǳֲ֪̫ǳЩǷͨԲ£ΣµȴֵģǾΣ
֮߰߳ضḲ𣬸ǻһ֮䣬һ壬ȫ߽⣬飬κεط߶ȵӡ
ǰĿһΣ죬ȴ
߰رĺԶȥսѣ֮սˮӻҪңϾˮûз֮ȻԽˣԽɢ֣ɱ˵˥Ĵͨ
˳ȱڣǰܿͳǹ⣬ɢ˼֮¾ȫ֮˺Ȼ̤̫ǳ֮ڣ
̤ɲǣɢĿ£쳤ЦЦ͸޾ܣı£Щд߰еʿˣ˿̲ΪΪԭǿϾɢ֮ͨ£ĿһУ߳߰أ̤ɽ磬ּ飬޷Դݣ
ɽ磬ǾأӽԺ֮ˣȻ壬и䣬ôӦ壡ɢЦԽԽ󣬵ЦЦţȴǿ˳
е֮߰ˣļ޷ᣬĴۣ֮߰˾ųɻǱ
ڿʼǣˣ
ĬĬɢˣǵĻܵЦµᣬа̾Ĭ̧ͷƬ̫ǳǿգӵһƿһеĿ⣬޾֮£ȥһǿ֮ϣʲô
ģôֵ֮ͷвɵøֳƺԼ¬ƴӡٻ÷һҹ۵
ΪȦ߳һȦӣ棬һ֮Ȧߵĳȥ
ɢ˽ƽеļת֣̱ȭɫΪϡ
֮ɢ壬ǣκҪ帰޸Ҳӣɢ˵֮󣬱µĽʣˣһ׷׼Ŀ֣¶ŨŨĸм׷ױȭ
帰޸Ҳӣ
ɢһӣ̾һƬлûȴ֮ף֡
ǴӦ֮
ɫƽһ˦֮ȫߣӦ֮ÿһףһɽʿ
岻֮ǰܴҪٹ壬ǲΣĿɢϡ
ɢ¶ɱԳã壬ҾŹڽ䳹׻𣬽ⲻ߰ؾų֮֮ޣ
ֲٷϻǰһȥĿ׹˸˻һ˿Ǳǰ֮һԪȥȻҪǿֹ
壬ҲΨ˵˥ĴϣŻּɵ֮ˣ޲׵ôлЩ鷳Ͼ壬˵˥ʿ
ǼȻ޵׵ô˵˥Ҳ˿壬֮սȵľǶĲٿأ
˰̫˿ףܻûüѰһسڣԴ֮ǿԾ춯أ˭ܺԴȣ
Ϊﵽ˵˥ޣҲԲУ
һ
к˸ٶԽԽ죬䣬ֱǰʮɵķȥ
սҪ죬ҪٶȺɱȥǲ뿪Уغһ·֮ǿȻû۶⣬ǵУǧҡ
Ϊִ˿̵֮Դ̫ǿǿһۣЩԽԽ࣬ΧԽԽ
Ƭ̣ͬһ㣬ǵأγһ٣Ҳֻˣ
˿̵֣֮춯أ˿ȻΪ֮𾪣ǵ֮Ҳ˫Ŀһ
ؼ䣬ϵĴ˵֮УȻڵһţ⴫˵γΪܵأ
Уͽ֮ϵ׳ԴпܴشţʹñԴȻɣʹʿ̥ȫ־֮䣬Ӵ֮ʿǡܣ
֪ŸΪϣΪƾõʱһ˵˵УΪܣƺκƾĸһѾû֪ķһ֮ԴɣһٺشţΪصĵܣ
ַʽΪ󣬽ڵڣΪ˵
ֵ޵˵һıƽţ


1360 ֧̮
춯أƵ֮·ΪܺȻȥֲϵǰУܵԽԽ࣬ԶԶȥһĻΪˣ
ǸɢˣڿһĻ˲䣬¶⣬ϵһսʶֵǿ֮ͨȶ컯֮
´߰߳ԷէһӫǺ¡¡ľ¶ȴٴĿ
ɫĮŲϵǰУʮɵķԽԽ
ǰУİХصߣĿƬ̺󣬺ȻͳĿľͷ֮
ʮɵĴ͸⣬Բ֣δٽڴǾ죬ȴתۼ䣬ԭЩõ⣬ƻʵʡ
ۿɼٶȣΣͬһ㣬壡
ƿ絰ǰķͻᱻ˺һУչ¶ǰ
кһڷǧȻһ٣˫쿪һץ·ޱ޼ץסһͺ£˫͵һƣ
غҵбܵǴϷ¿ȥķ֣ͬһ澵ӣһƬ󣬴˿ֵľ֮£ȴźһľӣʼб
üĹǵת˫ٴεͺУ˫ۺݺݵس̧𣬺ص£޾ΪңȴǺ֮£׵Ĵƽֱ̣
Ǿӱ𣬺չǿ֮У
ɢ˫ͫʶ˺󼸲Ȼ֣˿֪ǿ٣˥ʿ׷״ʥ߳Ķŷ֡
ڿյ˲䣬һͷ䣬ɫ䣡
֮ǰʥ⣬־ܶڷƿʥطʱȴԪɳ¶˱ӣ֮˿
˿̣׷ɱδأȴ٣ⲻɵ񾪺²⣬ÿһ²⣬˿ֻš
Ϊͨ죬£Ǳ˲֪ʲôֽʶŻǰҵȲػңֻƬ̣϶
ûԴϵΪ̫ǳ˵⣬˿ԶԿҴͨڶ࣬£
ɡɷŲʥͻȻȥʱ˲٣ͬʱܲٿصĿ⡭
ڣһɫ֡Ȼţϲ£ܿǰ
˫̧𣬺Ӵ˫ĿȻ֮â˸ڡ
Ԫ̫ǣ֮ȣһټ֮ԪҾλףֵصأɲǼȫĿ֮âȴ˱ƣֱӳڡ
羵ӵھ䣬һ춯صںƵͬʱһ˶ͷŭ棬ڣֱ˳
ͷ̫ɫƬֲȥΪֲǻصĶħ
ͷ­ȻͲɴСźصͷȫ֣Ӹ֮Ƭ̺ȫںƺƶ
ҲԽԽСβֵɲǣɢǿգ
һʮɴСľ֮У˰̫ǺԪö
ãȴ̺޷֮ӴϣʶȥĿо໥ɱҧȻһΪǿڽڰˣѹơ
ʮɴСͷ罻ֵӻṳ̂ͷϣɫĮ̧ǰһָ
һָ֮£Ӵŭǰ͵һ壬ȴǴ֮ƣֱײȥ
ǧɵľ룬˵ɲǣ޴ӣȻľײǷ֮ϣ֮˲Ϣض˷ľɢȥ
죬ϺȻһѷȻ֣ȴǵǰĴ󣬾Ȼ޷һײ֮Ҫ
ڴȻһĿɿڴ¶Ȼ뾪֣ģȴǲţ
Ԫܣ岻Ҳܴӻأ֮ҲҽŲĮ͸ÿһ֮˶С
仰ɲǣһӶʱһĿ¶޷֮ɫ
ܣҪҵԴͨΪôܰڴ֣֮
¿δ̫˵ûа֮ԴΪ붯ܣ˿ʤ
ǵܣҲڶͨǣ
ⷬЦϰ䣬Ϸ㶯֣ԻΪЦЦ
ɫƽͺͷ­̧ȴһȻУºݺݵһͷײȥ
һ絰ǵѷ࣬Ҫ
֮죬Ʒͷ­ϵغײ£һ֮£βҲݺݵس
⾪춯صײУҲ޷ܣƬ̣ͷһײɲǣײ֮Ȼ߽⣬Ƭƿһ޴ȱڣ
ͷ­ƿûͣ٣ֱ˽ȥͷ̫Ƶڣ̾ʹЩʿ󲿷ʶĺˡ
ɢĿ˸֮һ̤֮ڣɫΪӣ͸ޣǰȻȥ
Ϊֻ֪ԺηԷӳ˥֮ҵͬʱ֣ٽɱ
˵˥ĹͷʿǾУֹǰУ
Ϊﵽ˥ٵʿʮһˣ˿ֱ̾ɢȥͷߣ˥֮һ
һ˵˥˴£̳ȥֹ
û˴ϣ塭Ұ벽ҡҡͷԸЩʿҪٶȣȥɲ֮ס
һӴȫڣǰ͵һ壬ž춯֮֮£Щֹǰеʿ׷ɫ䵹ˣ
ϺܿͻϻأҵҪȫסǣ
һأ˱ɣ
ʿһ˫Ŀͨ죬Щ˺Ҳĳη㣬չԱӡֻΪɱ
һУΪǾϻܣģ϶ܿдڣûкƽ٣
ϣľ֧
ЦǰУһӣȴȻǿڣǱӽɣϻһĿĲǲƵһԪϣ


1361 
Ŀ˲Ϣ˴˵˵Ŀ⣬ǵĿǽĩ˾ŵԪ֮ʱȴһɫȻ䣡
ϣ
⡭⡭ܣôᱻסĪе֣ܳ
֮ǰ˵棬ϾԪҲЩֻһƲ񣡣
˵˭а䱻ܣʥأ⡭
Ȼ֮죬ľ֧һ棬֮ǰĻǲţۿϵԪȴһ¶޷ݵľ
𶯣֧̮϶䣬ǣʲôֿ
һжɲǼ䷢ڽʿĺ飬ڷ⣬˵ϱ֮£϶ԴϵϣЩ˾ȻţȴԽһӣ
һƿ󷨣Щʿƿʶһҵ˲䣬óޣȥ飬ǿϵԪ񣬾ͬһεıӣݺݵسпһĻУ
֮ǰµӣתּı仯ԤһʹȻң
ʿԪ֣ҵ˲䣬ɱһǰۣһӣȴѪ˸޼᲻ݵѪֱӺɨɳɲǾֱǰʿ˵˥ʿȥ
µıɱ֣֮˿Ѫ˸ٶ֮޷Ȼٽ˵˥ʿӦɲǣһüֱӴ͸
Ĳҽо춯أʹѹһоʱ䲻ȴǼΪأ
˵˥ʿü¶һ󶴣ȻԪжӣȴӲѪ֮٣ɲ׷ϣֱٴδ͸
ǻƽʱû֮ǰңҪɱһ˵˥ʿ˵ͬΪޣɱѣȴô٣ô򵥣˲ɱһ㣡
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һĻ̫죬ʿûȽܴϰ䱻֮£һαֳ˲ɱһ˵˥˵һĻ𺳡
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ЩңɢѣΪԣ̤Ȼǰȥˣ̤ǰʥء
ʥʮм䣬ֵڶ٣Ŀо˸ٽʥصɲǣ¶֮ɫϥͷ˫ȫΪȻתںϣֱ˴ˣ
˫ɱ¶춯أ
ʥ⣬˿ҲвʿڿӴɲǣȴһʧ֣Ѹٺˡ
֮죬ֱʥأȻģײ棡
ʥغͬһ֮󣬵ҵײ£ȴһƬʥش½ǾҵĲıԵλñһƬʯɢ
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ͬʱǲƺ֪Σ£Ȼʥ޾޼ٷȥ
ԶԶȥǿޣһ˲һ޴УߣתǲȥϷģ
ۿǲҪ߶ȥ͵شվӣһ̤֮˼ٷǲ֮˲Ϣٽ
˿ڵλãȻӴ·Ȼд룬ڣֻʣ˲֣
ֲ˼ͺ˫ǰһץȴץסȫӶݽȥץסɲǣºݺݵһק

죬ڴһɴĴݶʹѪȻ޷ֿڴľ
֮£ٴо󲿷֣չ¶ģ˿Ȼ㼸ʮɣֵӸбҲҪ֮һ㣡
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ǿӶп׷չǰһĻȴǳв֪ͨδڴϢȴּΪİһ־壡
ָоͷƤ飬ͬʱɢ߰ڣһ߳νɽһ㣡
ⲻĳ֮˭Ҳܺɱɣ߱񣡣й⣬Ǹով߰ΪɣΪϴ񣬴˿̲ʲôطֻҪᣬͬ⣡
֮壬ͣ˫ץǼߵĲüĹǵȻתڴ죬ȴӣɲǼת۾ͻ˽ǧɣ
ǧɹ񣬾춯أֵ˫Ҳ˲Ϣ䱩޵ĴִȫѪҺתഫľ죬ÿһ춯ȫѪҺٶȸ죬ԽԽǿ
üģǵתɷ磬֮ÿһ˿Ѫ⣬ÿһͷں䱬һ޷ݵķ籩
籩ںһγ˾֮𣡻ıֱ˫֣ȫ沿ǼΪ·ٴκݺݵһק

侪죬ŭ·͵˺˫ץŵǲȻק˰ɣ
ڣȻٴоץסչᣡ
ĳ֮ȫÿһѪⶼȻ춯أüǵ֮ת޷壬ʶȥҲ˿
һɸǿĹ֮ڱŭٴһקȴغ䣬Ӵڣŭĺ
һק֮£ǲȻУٴαקɣ
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һɲǣ̫ǳڣ֮ˣ
˿ڣɽ֮ϣٻ÷ƽԶĿʱ¶ãƺһ޷ļ䣬ѡ
ε̾һĦ٣̧ͷҪ˵Ȼɫ̴䣬͵һζڳգ̧ͷ˫Ŀ˸ֱĶ޾ǿգ


1362 ʹ֣
Զ˵ףٴγˣεɫգĿƿԴ͸һ㡣
һ˲䣬ε̫ǳеĵܣ׷״Ӹ֮ɫ䣬̧ͷգɫΪ
̫ǳѳһԶ֪֮˿̣ԶڣͬмŮӣӱչ˫ۣϷ
̫ǳڣһĵڣһ޴Ӱڼ۶ߣӰ춯أɭ˫ַۣĴüģǺ촫Զ
ū۱Σ߹ۣ֮ʿҲҽūۣҪһǣ룡ɭ¶Ҳͬ͸
ͻȻɭһȴһжֹͣ͵̧ͷѪ˫ĿĶǿϷ
ͬϢϢϤϤƺʶͿ˾ʶ
صֶߣͬף˫֣ȴץסûɿֵɲǣͺٴݺݵһק
Цĳֱô˭ⲻ֮ڤ磬ݹĳ
֮ŭƺֵĻﲵ仰صĴڣŭ֮һŭǿպ䣬ߣмת£ĺһҪڳһ㣡
ŭĸܣ͸䡣
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ڵΪ룬Ҳͬ˺Ȼ޷һ֮Կ
ѿշĹһǿϢϤͽȫ㣡䣬ڴ˲䣬ȴӴģһֱйֻ޴ƣԺݺݵһ˺
Ȼ䣬ȴתУȻͱ˺һ϶Ƿ϶һƬͿ㣬УȴһֲֻڵֱۣȻľʹֱ
ֱ۸һ֣ǿյıóһ㣡µɲǣ׻˫˲ϢͨһƬϳֱۣ
ϳֱۣΪں֮ǰһǧǰ֮սһĻ
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ףĿ׹һԴӡǶʱûͬʱ·ʼǻӴŭȴֱ˲⣬Ȼȸｻһһչ˾صͨ
սִ֮ȫѪ˸Ѫֱӳ֣˲ϢͣѪһץУ
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ף̫ǣѹδԪٻ֮ף֮ԴɣΪ


1362 ݳ
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ֽŲһ٣תĿȥ
ĿʿУ̴˾һҧ֮æ˵ӣҡӴ鰡СӵӣСĺ顭Ӵ飬ӣһΪΪ㲻Ҫһ˶£Ըźߣһ棬ѣ
ҪߣɫĮڡ
Ӵæٷɳһξ룬ԷֺͬɱԼֿڣ̿ͷ˵ӣֻҪСĸ棬ʲôУɱ˷ŻٲƽɫͨӣҸɣӡ
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˸ãһ˵ΪңڼԱԴأʱӦް㹻һȫԪ񣬲֪ΪӶ١ɫƽһǾ¥ȥ


1363 Υƽ
˵ط䶼ǼΪӴ˿ܣΪأס֮ˣԶԶǰУĿӶţ֪ﷲ䣬ȸǰΪǮ
һΪ֮մСΪ˴˵ط֮
ַʿ˵ãΪ貣Ҳ࣬ʶΪǮֵͨΪҪ㹻ķȻ׵ĺܡ
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ǳŲǰУûʩչͨ˴˳һۿȥޱ޼ʣֵҲΪƣЩᣬҲǾδޣһӡ
һ죬Ǽÿ᷿£һЩɴҶȻǴ˵صϰס
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ϥУ˫ۡ
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1364 ̫ǳ
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Сüܴ硣ǲŮ¶΢Ц
ɫиӣջĿ⣬Եӣ屻ȫ壡ϰʧ٣±֤ʵ̫ǳ֪䣡˷нټǵķ
ҳ˾䣬ǳ֮壬ɱԪ֮˵Ļʶӡǣɢչ̫ɱ
¹ϵ̫ҵҲҪѰǣҲҪϸ㣬Ϊ֮
ʲôԥɫȻ䣬¶֮ɫߵŮͬ¶𾪡
ϴΪ˵˥˵ĪǡĪǵܲɣ
ȫʮˣڶ࣬ôܱȫ壡
廹ǵ˵ڵĲ¡¡
Ǻҹ걾תȥԻͷ˵岻꣬ķ˵Ĳɣ̫ŶѰгɳѰҴˣ
·ˮĳǳУջĿ⣬ɫƽ˷ţϥһԡ
Ŀ˸૵ôͷˡᡭҵʱ䲻ˣҪһںǲ֮ף
ֳĬ˫һգԪ£һ
ʱţˮԽԽضѹڳǳ֮ϣʹҲ谵һƬ
ǵ֮ʱҲû̫⴩͸Ʋ㣬˴Ԫ䣬֮£һ̫Ҳ޷ҽбԪȻգ
˿̣̫ȫںϣ׵ĳΪһ֣˲Ϣ䣬Ԫڻɢȡ֮޾
ԴУ֮Դϵ׳󣬾춯أģֵԪȻ״һ磡
һص磬죬ֵͷǵأֵĽţ磬أ岻һŲ
۳ΣȫֵɲǣյƲ䣬ˮУƲڵչ˾ҵ
ǶǴƲڴľ
ⶼǶĻʳڣ۵վһʵĸ¥ϣÿһˣӵ൱ھΪһͷ׷ߣΪȻﵽ
վڸ¥ڣյƹǺһɫ͸졣
꣬ЩͻȻҲδ̫һЩҵ֮ʶɨȴûзκζߡ
ҵȶҲ˵Աһߣ
ȴ嶼ǴҲ֣Ŵ£ٿǰףȴľ֮Уˡҡͷ˵
˭˷̫ǳ£ֻҪ٣ͱɣ
ǶһƬ಻ɽǴ˵ɽڣ״岻ֻͬС壬ռһǣһ
˿̣ɽڣһɽ嶥ĬĬվһˣһͷ׷ΪϣԶ֮һ̾ΪһҪͷĸо
֪ʱȣȫ˰̫̰ѷӡڵĲųǲһ֣̾Ҫѳ塣
һ˲䣬ȻΪԪȻȥǲֱӾһչѸ͵ɣ
ǲҵ̺һ־־ͬʿʶڣչɱ
ںϣΪԪ֮׵Դɣڰ֮£ƿ񷣬Ϊǿʶɨͬ籩һ㣬˺ǲһеֿ
ڣ˫Ŀ͵Ŀͫͬ籾ԴӡǼתʹ˿̿죡


1365 
䣬ˮҪһȫйڴϣγŨŨǳصĵϣһȦȦϸܵ
ܼƺûоͷϵشڳǳڽֵǳĵˮʹˮڣ˳ǳصˮϸһ㣬˳ǳء
һʱ䣬ȻţҹĻĽ٣Ҳûյ֮֮˷׷ױڣ
ҹĻУƲ㣬Ǻʱһе绮ȴǰһУӳͬ硣
лź磬⺮紵ƣηбڴϣǴ᷿µһʪҶ˿ҲڷоҵҡһЩ˩ĲʵѸ͵ĺ紵ӣʹЩʪҶͬŭеһҶҶۣڷм
һֱգȦɢ˺ڰڣһ˽ֵϵŢУմȾˮҪٴη𣬵ո⣬ȴһֻŵѥĽţϣУҲ޷ѡ
һ˲Ȼ֮ģ˴ص˲Ϣ磬ݵ£Ľֵϣһ۵ߣ˫Ŀ棬˫֣վ
ҽ£һƬҶ¶棬紵ˮ
üģȻһͼ
󣬸߸ʿĿ䣬һУǰһ㻷ܣ˫ɲǼĹ˸һĳߣӡ
һĻ棬üĵͼһһ߳Ϊĵ㣬ߵߴɢһ㡣
˫ĿһգƬ̺͵ɲǣüĵӡâйκɨ
ͬʱӡǴĹ֮ߣͬǿĹââ֮£ȫڣʹüӡ֮âΪԻͣ
üӡĺɨ£ǰһзᣬɲǾиı䣡Щ׷׷תһ㣬ƾɵ£ʱո£ոУȻһ䣬һƬ档
Ƿת£ǷڵһˣҲߵĿ£׷Ƭ̺󣬸һʹɢûгһ㣡
һЩסȥ֮ˣҲߵĿиչֳǰһĻĻ
һֱϥڷУԪǲɣȻؼʱ̣ǲ̺־ڷͬ˿յ
ƾѣҲ˿޷ֵ壬Ԫں˰̫ͬΪǲϵײУͷ·سʱ֮׵ĺòٿأֻаѶԷɣɳΪɲٿʣ
ʱһֱĿ֣ȴͻȻ˫ĿأоһɫƽǰһӣʱⷿڰһжŤһ澵Ӱ㣬ǲϵŤ£һѣǵһ⾵Ƭʹһж֧
һУ˫Ŀٴαϣ˿ȥ磬ٴ붨ڣǲչɡ
УֵǵĿ˸һĿȥֲʱûаͣȥɢУһҲ֮ɢⷿסӰ
֮ȫɨû˿ֺɫƽ˫üģдһͺ
ȥüӡâй֮£߿ȥʱȻɢڲϵؾܿ죬չеģȻΪһƬս˾ɱذһƬ
˫ĿȻһգüӡâɢջָ糣߸ʿҲͬջӡǣɫв԰ס
˵ûʿأһѰߴһ˦һԾ𣬻ƿƣԶȥ߸ʿæ档
ͬһĻڴһط̫ͬǳȫڽУ
̫ǳ£䶼ȫӺչ˼Ϊϸܵǣ˵ǣ޾ǿգ̫ǳ֮һŴ
ɫƽǼ˵ȥɫûκα仯˫ĿҲûٴǲԽԽҲԽԽ΢
Ʋˮ񣬻ûаٵӣҹУûг֣뻩û졣
Ԫⲻϵײ£պȻ䳹׵ںһǲĵҲûκãԪȫɣΪһ塣
ⲻɵɲǣǴڵ־ҲԪʶ룬Ȼ䣬ԪͨһĸܵԼԪڵ֮Դһ޷ٶȣı
ӣݣ˲Ϣ䣬Դ֮ʹΪϽһٺ俪ڵ۷壬
ǱԴ֮ĺȴɲǼ䣬ʩչ֮ΪȻľʹﵽڣ
Դ֮һй⾳ĸ˱Դ͵ڰ֮⾳򳹵׿͸û⾳ƣΪ֮Ȼţ
˲е־䣬һĻĻȻľʹ־˸ⲻļ䣬־ļ䣡
ǼΪ̫õԶţȻƲȫֻ棡
һ棬һĻһĻǿգ򣬾صĴǿգޱ޼֮£˽ڽⳡͬƽ٣
ǱУֿװʿһֻֻι״ޣ˿ǴСȫɢâޣӵڶͷ­ļ
Ҫȥ֮ʱȴǴУһĳҪһ㣬â޾һ
⣬ǵһ棬ܶݣֵ𺳣ȴȻˣǾ춯ص磬ǲ
ֻ֮ʱҪǿ
ڶ棬һһ˵ߣһӣɫĮü֮һͼ˻߸߲꣬ʡ
ϧ̫֮ף¶޷ָһˣȥҿ֮Ե컯ҡͷһӣ֮£·޾ȥʧˡ
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⣬а˸ʿƯУһһߣüģȻһӡǣ
ˣŹŹ֣Բ֪ɣ磬ͬź
һˣվǰȻЩ֮죬ߣ˵ĿҲǼΪ͸η塣
˵⣬һ߻ƣǽߣּΪϤ
û뵽ϧϧˡ֮ҡͷתתɲǣк˫͵ͫһһ£
ǡ


1366 ʼ
ɢ
ֵڣʧǰ˵֮תòȴΪ̣ͬӡ
˵òİŴδ˵Ŀڣȴһ֮˸֮⣬ֵϤȴһԾͿ⡭Ǽ
ʼ
ʼһֻһΣǻںܾúܾ֮ǰȸϣǼʧּɶ֮
ڿ⻭Ŀʼ˲䣬Ȼһ˵ĸоɶʼпͬһڣ
ɶĽʶΪֻ֪һȴţһ֪ԭ⼫ֻһ֣
ɶǵ׷ɱ˾ͽϵļ֮һȸϻʬˣ䴢Թ֮󣬱׷ϡ
˿ܻ̾ɢȴ˫Ŀ˸Ʒһ޴ţ
⻷ƵĽߣޣһս仰ɶʼȺصʿĪǲûߣȥ˽ڣ
֪ڽڷʲôʣʼ䵽ɶУ䷨ޣҲȸǡ
һУɶඨȻ֪ܶ࡭ǡɶֳ࣡Ĭ˫Ŀһĺ֮󣬰һɻѹ£ϾĿǰ˼Ѱ֮ʱ
˿̵Ԫ֮ǿᴩȫ֮Դһ޴Уںת
ÿһתʹȫѪ֮ÿһ缡⣬ÿһͷ֮˿̵Ȼʿһ
һˣ֮ף
ΪҲһ̣ĸı䣬ָı䣬ǽڻǽ⣬δֹǵʩչ֮ΪȻͻڣﵽڣ
תƾŻ棬ƾ䱾⾳ƾԪȻڡ
ԴֱӵĹ
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䷿ƿɲǣȻ٣ڵĽֵˮʣʹÿԶܼҼһûаƻȻѾ˯ˡ
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ˮڵϴһȦȦˮƣлźܶɢҶվſڣ̧ͷ˿ڵգ½˽߳ᡣ
ֵˣΨԼĬĬǰȥģ꣬ʵķ硣
ͷǱ֮Ϊ֣ƽãҹ˵ҲУ¥ǶķǱҹ˶֮
УȴҲ֮Ψм첢Ŀջ¥ǰĻӣ͸΢ӫ⣬ڷҡҡȥ
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ϣƬǣƼ˴֮ˣѰֱڶûκη֣˵߲δڴˡ
ǣһƬڣǵڿǰУĿڡ
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ǵ˫ͫ͵һ¶뺧Ȼа㷴ӦǴ֮žƺͷ£ֺüһ㡣
˲Ϣ䣬մһԪʱͱ˺һ֣͸壬ӡ
ⲿԪ뿪ɲǣӰǰһһѾץסԪԶȥ
˿̣Ÿոսص֮أ߸ʿûаǰǸߣҲ¶ãܿͻָ
ȻǴһɫɫȴ΢ɲ͸Ұףƺû˿ǵ˲ϢǰĺȻһĻһΣԶȥ
У˸ʿӰԽԽԶϣһŲƵԪԪȻߵӣſҪȣȴûκϢ
ǵڵİˣֻһͷͻῴȴǺ֪Զˡ
ֺһھƣڳֵˮǰȥص⣬Ž롣
֮ϣʼһԪ̤뷿˲䣬һԪϢڵһм䣬ֳ̱
ǵߣȻðȻȥɱҪ֪˿̫ǳľ仯ʶڶԷûвУ֮Ԫ˲и˲֣Դѳ䡣
Ȼϣ̫ǳչ˼ΪܵѰǳ˾ͨȻ֮ءĿ˸ͨԪļ䣬֪̫ǳԼͨҲ֪Ƭڵȫá
ЦУһӣжһԪԪϣ˿˫Ŀգ˿
֮֮ףҪⳤԪлã˵ʩչ֮ͨδۣٻ˵ɢȴδ𣬿ٴλϧоŵлȫ֪ܷͼԽ˥٣׵֤ޣ
˼ſ͵һʱԪ̻һ⣬УԪ̾ͽȫ飬ڡ
һ˲䣬Ԫ䶯ȴϺ󣬾Ȼı̬ȻУԪ񾹻Ǵϵӣ
Ԫ˫Ŀ͵һ׹˸
֮ס֮סԪ֮סź֮ס֮ס֮ףҳ֣


1367 ˾īӣ
֮Ԫ˲䣬Ԫɢ˹ââڱȻǿɰӳһ㣡
ҵĹâ£Ԫڷ˺һȱڣʱѷȻ֣ѷ쵮Ԫϣȴûи˿˺һƬͨһ磡
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Ƭ̼䣬֮ǺУɲǷɳ֮ѼΪ񣬴˿̳ʱͻԪ⣬ת
һ͵ĸо̾ʹڴǻѰʿ̾ͻ
ˣȻһ˿˿ȫëʹȫ޷Զһͬʱߡ
ǣ֮£յƲʱ񣬺¡쾪춯أˮйҵı仯͵˫ۣ
жʧ󡭡ɫ˼һΣ̾ʧڣպ绮Ӱ˲ư㣬ǵϲͷһƬ಻ʮɽ֮У
ϲʮɽƬһۿȥͿͷϸǳŨܵԭʼڶ֮ޡ
Ӱ˸УʮɽһƬɽڳ֣һӣһƬâŤܻΪһ壬ֱ˴ˡ
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֮ǰΪ֮ڲ¶֣ԼԪԽ֣ȴû뵽֮׳ֺԪʱ޷ɣһ׹
׹СڳֵɲǣȴϵһЩʿע⣡
뿪˲䣬ǳǳڻʳи¥ϵʿһɫ䣬ڳͻȻһɾһʶ͵ɨȥȴûκη֡
ЩʿһǼߣȴ̾жϳ
ǲ֮ˣڴ˵أͼɫһΣֱԶȥ߸
˿ϣԪ񱻷ָĵ׼ȥȴ͵תĿ¶֮â˵̵תʶɢٴеѰ
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ͬʱ̫ǳУһƬֵ̫ǳƮڣһɫϣһ羵Ϊ
Ǻи죬Ĵڼűµĸ¥ֲܸڶĻݣˣһͬʱҲ㴵һЩԶ
һ¥⣬ϥһµŮӣŮ˿ڷ紵мƷ˿Ʈձ˿ڸǣ˫ǰһźˮڻתɢ˿˿ˮ
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ʱ⣬Բ̫ǳ֮ȫӵԳķһУƼȥ
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£ѷԨڵУǺĺڰڣȴϥһӣɫ˫Ŀպϣڻɡ
ÿһʹѷԨڵ޾۶иγһƬ˲Ϣͱȫڡ
ǰƯһŰ׹⣬ǰ׹ڷ̺˻ǣȴӣתţõİߴɢ˳롣
֮ӻ˫ۣǰŰ׹⣬Ʒ飬Ȼӵо춯֮ҽɣֽҪͻƿڵļ󡭡˵ͻƻкԶָоȴǺܾöûгˡ֮ľ٣
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ӣȻָո̤̫ǳʱ׷ɱɭ֮һ
˾īӣ
˾īĿһ̧ǰһץѪֽ֣һ֮Ѫֽһɳɫ֮˾īֱڡ
¼򵥣ҷǰȥͿɡڣ˫Ŀպϵ˲䣬һ֮Ӱ߳һһķֻΪǵ˵˥
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˵֣ʮɽУȥ˿ʿѲ飬ƾͷ֮ϵһ缲۶˫Ŀպϣʼ֮ס
ģ֮ףֱѾ˲٣Ϊ򵥣ûãЩ۶֮׶ʱͱȫա
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ˣȴҲ޷ʹ̫ߣǡŵ״ɣ
ֻ֮Ƿֲ̤֪оƺûô򵥡Ͼûѡȥ𡭡
Σȥޣᶨں֮׺Ԫ̻ڣ֮ɶȥ
ʱ仺ȥתۼ䣬һ죡
һУ̫ǳʿƼϣ֮£ȻʿУǿڶܱ࣬ɳģߣ
һʱڣȻʿһδεѰ
ʮɽҲЩʿһ鼸ѹգƾѰңȴʼûа㷢֣


1368 ֮ţ
ڵĵطҲʿֱ߹жʶɨȴûκһ˷ֵĴڡ
ϥܻΪһ壬һʶĿ£ûвŤı䡣
˵ϢҲʮɽΪһ𣬲ֱ˴ˣ
ֵУ֮ȻɹΪ֮һǵ֮ףҲʱǰַɳɹ
˿֪ʱȣûκԥǵĵ֮ףԪɡ
ԪΪԪ۶ְԪ£ʱ׺Ȼ޷һɣ
ֻԪ⣬Ȼĵ֮תԪԽԽǿΪԲһĳ
ź֮ף֮Ұ֮һԪǵ֮ףź֮׼Ϊ죬̺һɴԣǿų֮
Ҫ׽գĲſʹų֮ɢӶΪףûǸʱȥĥ䣬ź֮׷ң价ĵ׵ԪȻһֱǴź֮ϡ
һɴȻǴź֮ײγһɾҵĺǴź֮ײ޷ֿһͺȻ
˲䣬Ԫ͵һ̣ȻͰź֮ɣֻɣǽգʶź֮ױ֮Ҫϲ١
ȴǹ˲̫֮࣬׺Ԫ⣬ת֮£ΪȻͺһڣﵽĴԲ
ԲɲǣȫߣԪǼֱͣǵ֮ף֮׶ȥ
֮ףӽѰϾΨн֮˲⾳۳֮ףˣ
׷ֶԥĽգ˿Ԫ֮ƣٽĵ֮׵ɲǣ׾Ȼû˿
ǴڣһɹɲӵĵЩһǣЩǣּΪϤĸоǣȫǽʿ
ЩҲֵͬܵĵ˲ϢһֱԪȥɣ֮׾ںϣ
ںϣ
֮ȫԪ⣬ת֮УΪ׵Ĵﵽ˵ڶ۷壡
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ҵҪְ֮׳ɺҵΪܴܲﵽűԴɣﵽ˫¶⣬ȴǼȻ˸һ
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˿ֵĿͫڣԴӡ⣬ߵתһɼΪǿϢںȻ
ִ˿ѾʮɽΪһıʱ˳ɢʮɽٴɢǵĴ½
֮춯أȴǵĴ½޾
˷ˣȴâ죡
Ѱֵ̫ǳʿ̾ͱͻı仯һɫ͸˷ܣٴηѰ
Ϊﵽ˥ٵ̫ǳʿһʹʶɨ
ܣΪޣ̺Ѫ֮ףӵ֮⣬Ҷ꣬ΪߣҲ̳һ֮⣡
գ֮Ϊͼڰ飬Ϊڰ˵֮ףѪ֮ףҲܹȥ֮£ӽڰĨȥ㣬Ϊģͼڰ˰ף
ֵƵɲǣռ׷ܺȻһȴȫ׹Ȼͻһ޾ӰֱĿȥ
˲Ϣ䣬ɢһѪ֮ףĿ֮ͫУ䱾Դ⣬˵֮׺תɫ䣬Ƶ
ȴǣǴأնһƬɨǺĴʿ
£ҲмޣͷǱΧ໥£Ȼһأ
ѰֵʿȻܣǺȻһҲδһĻ䣬һɵĲ
һףѰҲһ֮ףһ죬˰ŪΪ̤֮죬أ
޻꣬ޣһΪͿ̿ȴģأǧ̹꣬ģһģ޵ģһǣ
һ֮ףȻ޷ѰǱһ֮ޣһף״δأգ֮ؼ䣬ӴٶһȡĵھŰףΪ˺Ψһĵھף֮ף͸һɷԵӴϥ͵վ̧ͷ죡
ֱͦɣһǼ˫Ŀ磬Ϣ죬ΪģŶˣصķ
߰صĨȥһ˿ԥزʣұʿҪƾʲôʣƾʲôٿ飬ƾʲôŪҵֻ䣬ʹ޾˷ȥ
һسδֵһ仰£Ȼ֮ףӰ֮˿ΨĻ⣬Ϊߣɲ
׺Ȼ٣ڳ֣һɶأ˵˲ϢֱĿͫ׶ȥ
ɲ룡
ֵĿڣԴӡ֮⣬ŵ֮ףʹ˴ɣת֮£ֵĿһͼ
ͼһΣһ޷ݵ֮ں䱬޾ɽһ㣬ֱӳȥ
֮£ǵգʿĿɿڴУһ޴֮ţƵĻó
֮գǿ֮ţ֮򿪣Ϳɳ֮ڣ
֮ţʿУ̾мһϳȴɫȻ䣬ӲУ¶޷֮ɫ
Ÿһ֣ĸܵϴ޷ݵǿ֮ƺǰԼӵеһУֻǻҳһ㣡
޷ײƣҲҪһԣ


1369 ͼ죡
һֲ̣ٲ̧ǰһ˺ȻУĽƱ˲˺ѣȻչ¶֮䣡
ĿԴ֮â죬ܾŵ֮תγͼɲǣ췢һ
ޱԴƿشţͼ֣
仰ﴫɲǣĿͫ׹âɣֱӳȴֵǰγһǧɴСİͼ
ͼ䣬һ־һۣ֮Դͼ
ƿţŭ֮£˫̧𣬷֧ͼ˰εضֱǾ޴ţȥ
ԶԶһȻһӣԪһеһУȫΪһ֮ף
׺䣬ǿ֮ŷٽԽԽ죬ԽԽ
ʿ˿ȴһһĻеĺȻ̣Ȼ
ţͿɳΪܣٶȺ䣬˲ϢٽǴţݺݵ棡
֮˲Ļص춯أ˺ѵգ˴أǿնԶԶشݿ
ֻȻ˴֮ϣչ޷ݵıҪ˺أֵ̺Դ̺֮ס֮סԪ֮סź֮ס֮ס֮ף
Ǳִļ֮סѪ֮յ֮ף
УȻӻûѪӱǷ֮£ֱӵһ˴֮ϡ
ǿ֮ţ˿δ
͵ͺٴγ˫֮£ͼ֣ȴȫĹ룬ʹͼȻͻǧɣٴֵŭ𣬳ǿ֮ţ
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֮ض𣬻˺Ƶֵͼһαȫ֮ѪȫѪģ˴֮ϡ
ǿ֮ţʼգûκεı仯һ˿ûпؾҪɢ֮С
ҲģѪһƬ˷ǴŽҪʧɲǣһγ˫֮£͵һӣȴغ䣬յ۶صͬӿ١
Ϊ֮ǿһ磬ֻϵ٣ǿУǧʮǧ
ǧﷶΧǿգɲǼ䣬޾ʹǧǿճΪ׳أ׳ӿǷĳȥ
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ͼ䣬ֵ̺Ĳģ۶ɲǣΣȥ
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һ޷ݵĳܷĺɨѪȫѪⱬһֱӵȥ
һֱ˿Ĵţȴ⼯ȫ֮£ͬ˺ǴţȻ΢Ĵһ϶
϶СȴĴ򿪣˵ȫлźԶ϶Ĵ򿪣ȴֿϣ
ö޾ţɢӱǳȻ˴أ졣
ݵļž֮ʿҲ֪˭ȺͬʱĿ֮
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ǻԪףɱ˴ˣ̫ţ
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ն֮ͨһɻֱ֣֮
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ʮɽ죬ߣǾҵ£һ£ʮɽĴӵ̧𣬺ƺƵգ
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һĻ̫ˣ̾ʿٴγ˺Ȼ֮ɫ
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ͨɽɲǾһγ˾춯صľ죬дʿ㲻ɽײʱѪ
һЩԪҲ߽ĸɸɾ
ˣֲֵֶΣ־ˣڵĤ֮ˣΪﵽԲû˿֮ţʿ
ʮɽ̺֮ʮףɽѹ˵ܽѹȴĳȥЦ˫һӣ޾Ȼɢںʮɽ֮С
䣬ʮɽźХ˴˵ʿͷӳһƬ鼸죬·¡
·ʿ̾ҪɢܣͬߣԪȴˣ޷ӳ
죬ʮɽ콵£һ죬ֱ˴֮ϣʿѹ·
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ЦĿͫ׹˸ͼһ۶һ̧֣͵һָͼ£ʮݣȻľͷɢӡʮɽ֮ϣ
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ģܴɽ´ŭȴΣҲ޷ʱƿѹ
ִ˿ɫ԰ףƿ֮ʱˣѹʿ˿Ȼߡ
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֮Դɶ޷ƿĤ򲻿ǿ֮šӰһƬǿգһ֣ٴǰȥһ
һԴɲУҾԴɺǸĤɣҾͲԴɺ󣬴򲻿֮ţʱһٺ飬ΪܣǼڵУҲǿ֮У¶ᶨʧǿڡ


1370 
ȥãϣʮɽ׹ߣžž֮ѹʿͺҲԽԽƺ׵ķӡ޷
ǷɢʮɽϵͼɢĹ⣬̺֮
֮ʮɽ֮ϣгһƬŤ߳һˣ꣬һ߳ɲǣ˫ͫ͵һǿʮɽ壬͵̧ͷʡ
ոճֹţûǿŵϢŪɫΪգѰʲô
ӦûбƣĻұ嶨ȻԲųֵʿȤѹֻó˴󷽣óһƷΪջ󣡡ӣ˾īӷ
һ·δżŲǰ֮£Ҳδ̫⣬˿̣ȴ̷츲أʹ
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ѹҪ壬Ǵ˵ĿģĲʹ֮˿ų֣˾īɫȴƴ·ȫ
ΪµģǴ˾Ȼڳδɺ󣬻֮ںɽУγɽѹʿֱʣ뵽ַѰ֮ˣһжȻͼã˲ſݵ
˾ī¶֮âȴǶŨȤ
ɱ񱾾˷ܣɱʿããã˾īӳЦҲ·ʮɽѹʿ⿪ӡתҪȥ
תɲǣ˾īȴȻһ͵תٴϸ֮ǰŻûա
ԡɫһΣ¶˾޷ţŨŨɻ𾪣
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ĿһУ˾īɫ˲԰
ûжκ֮ϣû˿ϢȻֻƾ豾Դɣ˿ţ¡´δǿžȻһ϶
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ͬһʱ̣֮Դɣ֮ſɲǣ̫ǳУ˿ɽ֮ϣεٵ֣͵һ̧ͷһ˦ֱ߳˷䡣
ٻ÷ϥһԣԼһۣɫƽû˵ֻĿУȴã¶ƺѾ˺ܶܶࡣվӣ֮˳ȥ
ε̤ɲǣһӣȴ֮£̾޾ââɣ£ȻͳһתĻ棡
Уƿţ
εĿתֱĶŻ棬ϸһ㿴ȥɫԽԽأȻ¶֮ɫ
ֱ飬εϳ֣꺱
ΪСһˡҵһο֮ε̾һĿȻ޷֮ɫ
㻹ȥû˿͸δ㼴Ϊ̫֮һҲٻ÷ջеƿŵӣ¶ĵ΢Ц
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̫ǳƮǺеĵϣڵĺŮӣԭϥɣֿ˲䡣
ϵڶ໨ݣήɲǾͲаȥĺǾҵľγһ޴УƵ죬Хϡ
Ů˫Ŀ͵¶֮â
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Ůӻ˵ɲǣͻȻһȴһֱӽ٣⵺ĺ֮ϣǺ֮춯أʹŮɫ˴䣡
洫¾ԣȻڣң

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̫ǳҲ֮Ϊ֮أʮСɣ֮£ʹＫΪҡ
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ֻһУ̫֮һľħǱȴ˰ˣ¶ģ̤֮ذ벽
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ֵ飬֮ظһصɴ֪ڵءȴдʿΪԭ򣬽뵽Ѱӻ
أ֮ؼΪ֣Ϊ̫ǳĽַ֮ｻɡ
˿֮ڣһûʲôϣϥһڣⶴռСɽ壬ֻһˡ
֮أ˾ѡ˴̫ǳ֮˵ļ󣬶֮أȻ֪
Ǵ˿̱̫ǳͨ˵أ˵Ϊȫ֮Ͼ˵زڳƣ̫ǳҲ
ҾҲȫ̫ǳطҲһʱԱҵ׷ɱܶ֡
һȥﶼûʲô
ֻ֮ϷҩԽϡԽãԪ󣬾һЩҩȡɽ嶴ľסʱ䡣
ⶴдɣµҩˣذƻָ˲١ƣǿȻ׺ת
һգĿУɫһ˫ۣǰŽһӰ첽˽


1371 Ҳ̣
ӣҴˣ˵صҩֵߣ˷֮ﻹһֿֿܷΪȣȴΪܵӭӡʶͿɲٿģ
Ӵ˷ܣڡ
˵غ󣬾ͰӴųȥѰһЩ˵ϢϾӴ̫ǳ֮ˣ̽ɡ
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˵𣬵Ҳв뿪棬֮أ˲Ϊ档
ܣڡ
Ӵ鶶æ˵ӣڴ˵Ҫۼߣ֪ԺɣԷӳʿ֮Ҿ˵ڻӵʶΪ
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ȸڴ˵ز࣬ûСĴ̽ȸ˴ھ˵زԶһŻԱȽŨϣھ壬Сﻹ̫죬ò˶ãӦÿԴ̽Ӵؿڣ
Ŀ΢ɲһ֮Դܴɣ֮ȻЩϸС覴ã޲֮ԻΣյ̫ǳΪĻ֮Դ
Ҫû֮ԴɣȸٴξѣҪ㹻εĻ棬ȸ壬ֵѡ׷Ź
ֻǻȸȻһɺϣ˰֮ƿһ赲֮ˣһڳΪȸˣӽģҲ̫ʵ
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ˣҲһķһɹͿɽǻȸĻ֮ɵĸɸɾ
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߳һӴȻʪ͸߾컯ַһüȴӴһ֣ǼΪη塣
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֮ǰ´ܣСܻȥҼ˵ҼҪһ߿ܡ´Ҳ֪Сܳէ沢Ϥ´ΪָҲ÷һЩ³֮»л񡣡ӴĿ΢ɲһ΢ЦԷ
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һʱӴӾһȴ̾͸ܵһ֮Ϊ޷ֹ̾ͱڣɫ԰УƱشϣһѪ
ԺһЩҲѪɫæһڵϣûж⣬ֻҪһ߿ܡ
ڽϴмһͨڣȻһֻӴЫӣЫβ̧ɢɭɭӴѪϢǴЫɢ
ҪܣССʿóʲôܣһȴǴǴ󷽣߳һˡ


1372 ô
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굤ƷѰڵĻ꣬пɣûʲôСֵġСޣץһˣһˣʶӡȥԺС£ĪҪš˫Ŀһգ㲻ȥ¡
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ĿһɨϸĿһ¶֮â
Ƭ̺ĿջأһӣǿĵĿڵϵˣô¡
ӴĬãľ˵һ󿴵ɫͷɬ˵ӣ³çˣǰϢոһЩҲ飬ڿܻҲӵҪ󡭡
ҵƣչһӦÿԻָ
û˵ɫһֵ֮رΪ˱ܿ׷ɱС̡
û˵꣬һɫΪ԰ס
ôֶΣչؼپãҲ޷׻ָ˶ΪתĹ켣ʶӡ
ӴһսȭͷܿɿĬ
ҵˣ̣Ҳ̣վӣжȥ
Ӵ͵̧ͷ֣˫۲ɵһ죬ӡ
·ֲδͷڡ
Ӵ¶ɱԥǰֱǳǳڣٶǰ̧һץӴ·£ףƿأȻȥ
ʿһɲǣܵһĲɫ䣬غƵ
Ƭִ̣ӴǲƵĳǳ֮ϣɿӴվһԣӴܣһָ·ǳеǴӣǰЫ壬
Ŀ棬·ǳһɨ
Ϣ֮ڣ˳֮ȥ
羪ף¡¡ֱ·٣ˣ춯ص죬ŷĳǳ͵һĳ
֮һɫȻ䣬һЩѪ˿̺ԥٶѸټ뿪
ڣϥɫ԰ף͸־壬Ҫģʱֵ
˫Ŀ͵¶һ֮£һѪվӡ
µıڣһڱչɵİЫʿһѸ˫վ¶֮ɫ
ڶڵ꣬Ҳһɫ˲԰ף͸أֱʹ𶯡
Ϣ˲̧͵һغ޾˷һصľ޴ְȥֱسǳء
޾γһĻĻм뿪ǳصʿ𾪵Ļ棬һ죬ؾҵĲһɷ籩ɨȴ£ǳصһУǴһĳǳأʹɢ
ظѿѷ죬³˰ɣ
ʹڵص׵ı¶˴أȻߴգӴ飬
Ӵˣ
ԱӸĿɿڴһĻ̫ͻȻûзӦ
ӻ£վǱݶĴڣӴ¶˷뼤֮ɫ
˵ôһָǴڵӣӴ顣


1373 ׻쾧
Ӵ׶Ķӣݺݵĵ˵ͷؿڣҧһ
ɫ˲԰ףûκԥ͵ȥ˫ǰ裬üӡЫӷɿ䶯һ룬ɢ֮â
һɲǣɫƽ̧ǰһָһָɫ䣬Ƶ춯أǵȻͳ޾ơ
һָ£ƺ䣬һɴϸľ֮׺Ȼ٣޷ٶȣ˺˲䣬ֱӴ£һͷ
һ籩Ļ֮ʱʹڣУڴ֮ȴѪͷѣԪֱ
ӷһ㣬ʧһкۼδֹ
ȥ˲ϢһƬţķǳ֮ǰڶʿһ¶캧Ȼ𾪣ֵĿ⣬͸ŨŨĿ־塣
ּ̧ӿ콵ֱӽһʿɢۼͨԾ춯أпʿȻˣ
ǱһԵոߣɫ԰ףͣ٣һУɫ¶޷ľ
Ӵ飬ҲһҲַٴοȴȻǿ󲻿ɳԽ֮С
ɫûа仯˿ڱ׷ɱ֮Уʱڵ֮أǻˣ±ܿײѡ֡
Ϊͨ죬һ̫裬֮ǻΣ㱻׷ɱ߷֣ΣǿУҲ˿ˣԼ˱ʱʣ
֮ͬǰ˵̣Ҳ̣
䣬Ҳ˿ȥ̣µ֣ȻΪǿߣӵǿߵģ
˵ƽȮۣǳ̲ϺϷԭȴǻıۣıϷǲԸ˭ǰ
ɱӣ²δȻѾ֣Ҫһȫѿҽŵһ̤
ⱦ㣬Ȼһȴһѷҽ̤֮Ϊģܺӣ˲Ϣ䣬ͳһƬѡ
һ죬ⱦȻӴһѷסߣƮڰգ·
ǱУ³ֱӽ뵽ⱦڶ㣬Ӹһ£ʯͻȻ֮䣬һ𣬸ɱ񱬷һͺӴ˲ڴͬʱһĹֱֶȥ
ɫ糣Ĺɲǣ̧ǰһץʱǰһ޴ƻûһѾץסĹ⣬ƾĹҲ˿޷ѡ
öڣĹҵ˸ȴǳһɫӣɷˣŹâԽԽǿҵı
Ы飬һͺ𴫳Ӷʱл֮תҪɲǣֺݺݵһ
һһ֮£ֱ鿪һǿĳȴǰѱ˲㣬׻
ڣ֮ǰӳΪɫ԰ףӼˣ˫ĿȴĶǰвɵ¶𺳡
ӣҲЩĮǳڴͬʱӰûаƣ߳
ֵ˲䣬ɫ¶޷֮ɫͷƤ飬ɢΪһŰЫ͵Ϯ֮£һſʿˣ¶Էһȫ˰Ы֮£Ȼ飬ˣһ¡
Ȼ֮ҪӶݣһӣһƬ֮Ȼ֣ʱȫһ֮£˲ҽʧȥһеֿ޷룬ӡһ㣬Ʈ˰ա
ֿһۣҽٴһ̤棬һ㣬һȥһ˦һƬ𺣺Ѵ˲ȻƴҪǰߣȻУ߱һ壬ӾѪˣ壬γ˷ӡƮա
Ыһϲڵصѷڻȫ֡ƽһȥһ㡣
һ֮£ⱦںϣĲҽУȴǸİЫˣӡ֮ϰգûãƯյİЫˣȻʮ
̫ⲻϵУһŭⱦڵصһкȻ
ڴͬʱһɴ·Хγһɷ籩Ȼйֱⱦвһֶȥ
籩һ㣬ϧ·һ˲ϢиϢ룬γһɸΪǿĳת۾ֱƿһĵ棬һ
籩չ¶ǰȴһֻöʮɴСĺɫЫӣЫǱֱֶ֮ͨȥ
Ŀһûкˣȭȫ֮۶ȥöʮЫٽɲǣֺȻһȭȥ
ȭͷһʱ˹ӰͬӳһȭȻľЫһ
޴ĺ֮һɲǾ춯أһ޷ݵķ˷ɨɫ䣬غǶΪ֮һط̾˴Ƭĳ
һⱦ¶ڴĲ֣͵һȴ֮³ѷ죬ǱɢĳɨȫƬȻ
ڵص׵һ֣Ҳ£̱ڵص׵ʹôطһ纣ĲˣƺƵɢ
УʮʿǱıڱһɫ԰ѪֵĿ⣬¶쾪֡
ܹʿǼˣһȻһûһĻ׵ˡ
ǱģȫһĴ֮һͷƯӣȴһûջأɫ糣ͷһ·أʹӣҲ̫ôȣ̫ˡ
·Ĵϣ˿¶һԼǧɴСľ޴һƬڣԭǱڣ˿̱ȴʹ·һĿ
ǿһƬƵʯϣϥһߣһۣһֻЫӡЫЩ죬ȻоЫβ
üģͬһֻЫӡǣֻȣв磬ӡ֮Ыֻβ
Ыβ£ʹΪ£˿ȴɫ԰ףһѪ͵̧ͷ¶׹⣬һֱֶȥ
ҰЫ御ֻС壬ȴǵ֮رϿɵʮ֮һԿ֮ΪУ
ʱ۶Ȼ㣡
˵ڶ˥Ҳǰ˵ɫƽĿ磬˫֮ڣĿ׹Ȼһȴ̺
ɫȻ䣬ԷȻȡ֮һֱӴ͸Լ˫Ŀֱӽ֮С


1373
䣬ɫ˲Ϊ԰ףٴѪӼˣ¶޷֮ɫ
˵˥˵˥֮ģҰЫôϹ֣Ҫˣȴִ˦̧һץ
̾Ĳ֮ӿ˲ϢرԷٿأ˷ֱԼѹ
֮ϣʹȴǸоͷҪһ㣬Σ߲ںˣԤУˣԼɣ˿˼̧üĺݺݵһģȴɲǼ䣬üӡ̹䶯
Ȼ䣬βЫ˲Ϣʹü룬Ʈǰӭת۾ͻ˰ɴСβͻ裬֮
ЫӼΪ֮˻βγɲӰֱֳȥ߻ģҧ֮һץ͵ǰ裬ȴһƬĹȻ֣˲Ϣ䣬ܾϰٸܺ
ÿһܣɢ൱ʵϢ˿ֺ̳̾ͽֻưΧ
пܣұ
ɫںһ仰ɲǣԥ̺ˣЦβЫϰٿһ̧ۣŲǰһȥ˸ɲǾʧӰ
ۺˣӾ͵һȴ֮Ӱ̧߳ʳֱָ߶ͷȥ
Ӱ¶־壬Ҫ㣬ʵĲ࣬ȴ޷ܣĿһָԼüġһָδ£ָ̺Ϣͻڡ
䣡
ӾԪһֱָ֮ӴƮڰһҲҶп־֮ɫ죬¶ġβЫҲͬʱɢĹصԪüģγӡǡ
ʧȥԪһΣȥѪУһݺݵ˴أ
׼ôʳָԪͷڡ
ָ̺ϢͿֱԪϣȥǱһָУұȻ𣡴ˡ˾˵˥Ԫҡͷ˿̼ɢһָ֮κη֮ģһָûеüģԽԽ
Ӵ֮㰵ЫΪһкȫ𣡡ջʳָĿԪһۡ
߲ͷ֮رǿΪǿ߱ӻҰЫ֮ңҰЫȫһʮˣȫ֮޸Ҳӣ
ӣȻֻһ֮ʣҪӡ̫֮ģΥԣҪӡɣ֮أ£ЫȫӴһת̿ڡ
ӴĻһĿж񶾵ĿӴһۣܿͶ񶾾ͱ¶ɬͷãϷӡ̫֮ģΪбѣӡɣ֮أ
仰ڵɲǣӡɢĹ⣬βЫӺƼΪʹ࣬˻ήȴһɣӡǣسЫϣͬӡ
ܵİЫˣִһ˦£˷ӡĿ֮ǰһУ˿ֵ̿Ŀ⣬Ǳ֮Ϊ֮ˣȫǴſ־֮ɫ
׷ӡԼˣ֮صİЫ壬Ϊշģһ̫䡣
ֵĶҲΪ˰ЫʥأⰵЫ˵Ļ£Է֮ʹǶܣγһƬɳĮΪǣµİЫ
߼ʶֵǿУȻ⣬˵ʲôҲҪӴ飬ԱϹϵ
Ӵ飬˶仯ΪаЫ塣
֮ʮС壬ҰЫΪĩֻٿһŷǣҲϡ١
̫ǳгᣬڵ֮УᣬṲʮλϸǵ֮صȨߣڷ˵ĵۣĲٿߣۼΪأǵܣΪĴڣŲܳ
ĳϲǹ̶ÿһνսĻᣬʤ߿ԳΪ֮һųڶʿҪȡ֮λȴûһγɹȫսǰĪ
ûΪ᳤ϣ򲻻֮ǡ˵ⰵЫ̧ͷһۡ
˿̹վֶڣֻһУϸĶ˵
˵ĿܣΨ᳤ϲгۣҰЫеĿܣҲȥ򵽡
ֻΪԽߣԽѰʿͲΨе֮䣬ʸȥ
УصĵشķɣΨʮϲ֪
ЫеĿУߵģһ߾ڿܣȻۣõ֮⣬ɻȡٷҩ˵ţһüӡĹһԱ߳һӵĿܡ
ɫľէһȥ죬ϸһȴûȫӡ֣ʹ޷ڲ
Ŀ˸ϸĿһۣĬƬ̺󻺻ڣ֮ؿĿܣ
ԥһ£֮еġ
һ𣬵ɫȴƽ˵Ŷô˥ٿܣ
߳Ĭ˸ãСҲ֪˵˼˥ٵĿܡֻǲ֪١
˫¶⣬û뵽̫ǳһصĵ֮أȻ޷飬˥ٵĿܣ̫ˣ
Ȼ˥ٵĿܶУô᲻Ҳеܿأûѯʣ̫ŻС
ȸ壬ڴ˵ΡƬ̺ʵ
ȸΪ̫Ŵ壬ЩҲв߹ģԼ˵ӣܴ֪ǻȸδ볤֮ʶһֱȫύ䣬ܽףѼ׻쾧ÿһӾͻͻػȸС
׻쾧Ŀһ
ҵ֮ض֮Ҳǵ۴˵ܵĲ֮һֻΪ࣬ǺҡҲһС飬׸ˡԥһ£һóһСİɫɳʯ
һץ̾ͰǰɫɳʯУϸĿһۣȴ˫ĿͫȻһܿͻָ糣
ȥɣѼд˵ػȸϢϸĳָҡһ֣æǣ뿪
ȥ֮ⶴźһպϣִƣ͵صͷĶеǰɫɳʯ˫ԽԽ¶֮ɫ
׻쾧ԭҲ׻쾧ȸʥ˵ʥԴڽ̫ǳŽ뵽ĽڡԹȻ٣
׻쾧صĵ۴ΪλдĪǡĪǡ˫Ȼоһȴ¶һ˿βסļ


1374 ˾ī
ڷǰЫó׻쾧ɲǣϳ˴׼ȷ˵꣡
ȸʥڣһƬȼյǿƯһ޴İɫʯ飬ȸʥʴ֮ء
ڵ֮رΪ׻쾧֮ȸʥڵİɫʯһһ
Īۣȸʥйȸʥû̫飬ȸʥȴǶ֮˶֮
ʥʵĬĬо⡣ֿʥ֮ͬһˣһػʥڣһػȫڡ
׻쾧ɫ¶һ˿ģ뵽˵ʥʹǰ˵һ
Ϸ³ƣϹʱڵĴʥΪҩͯĴʥʲ֮һǧʮʱСгɾͣʥң֤ȸʥڻԻһ̡
Ϸһһǧİʮ꣬ӽأȸʥɽ磬սģս֮ĴʥͬʥԶȥ⣬Ӵ伣ǰָΪʥʣ
ֵĿʼСС׻쾧ϣ˫˸
ʥʵ˵Ĵʥʥȥ˽⣬ӴκϢǵӵȸʥ֮ĪĴʥʵ֮زɣ
ʱȥƺһЩԡѹ³ʼļ˼Уȴ޷ȷ֮غһ
һ֪û뵽֮ڣȻܡ˵Ĵʥйأ˵ҿȸĴξѣʵ״̬һΪ֮ŭԷٶ
һܻ֮ԴδԲȴʵ֮׻쾧л޷͸ȸξ֮ȴǿô˲Ϣ䱬֮ĿһһʱͰС׻쾧봢ռ䡣
Ĵռڣһʯʯȸʥʵֱ۵üĵĶ͸һɲɣ
ʶʯһɨֳĬƬ̣ŰĿһԵĿϡ
һӣľվһֶſܣʶȻɢֱӾǿȫϸ룬ɲǼſڴ͸ȥ
ʶ뻺ϸĴҪܵܣʱ仺ȥֵɫ
ûѪ⣬ǻĳĽᾧᾧһ㣬˱γ˿ܵ
ܵĹͷҲǾɣֻΪӲɢ޾Ԫڿڣһ֮⣬˹⼫ΪͣʶҪ̽룬̾ͱȻֹ⡣
Ŀһȴչȫʶһɷ籩¡ȥƿֱڲ֮
һ죬ǿӲָ͵վ𣬶ǿܣȫʶԻܣȴ޷Ƿڣ
ڷţջʶǷ֮̾ͻᱬڲһȫҲʶ롣
Ŀ˸ɫ£¶˼
ܣҲȤǰһץǿӶʱǰߴʹ֣׵ľͰܵؿڡ
ʶٴӿ֣˳ֽڣҪڲչһɲǣȴһᡰסһ
ڣȻо˽ľִʶɨ֮ȴǿ˷ûע֮
ܵڣȡѪĿУһ׵ȻɿݺѲľ
⡭о⼱ϸٴβ鿴֮ȴĿ¶𾪡
ⲻǿܣʿǲ֪Ժַʿ󣬲۳Ŀ֮ֳĬǿܡ
һֱľû˿飬˫ۿնûκԡ
ȡѪĿҲҸоЩϤ·ʲôطһֳ꣬Ŀ¶ϡ
ܵܣӦþͲڲǷ֮£Ψпڣſ֪ʶȻĿ׹˸Ȼ䣬ͼ
ڣ˲Ϣͱ֮ͬʱɢߣ죬˳ŴشʹöİЫˣһɫ̲԰ף뿴򶴸
չͼΪʶҲǷһ籩ֱӳǿڣǷ֮ȥ
ײ֮£ǿڵķ֮޷Ӵʶ̾ͱɲǣȴǸͲ˿ڲĻᣬڲҲͬʱչ˱
һ˲䣬˫Ŀ͵һͺȵ
һֶǶסתסһб仯ʹǿȫһһоֹͣΨǷ֮⣬ֻ΢һ˲Ϣͻָһˡ
֮һͬģǱסĿܣȫγһɳɽɢǽڣ˾ҵĺ
ɽ𶯣ĳнϣǴ˿ɽ̾ͻΪƽط棬ǣҲҵ𶯣ѷ졣
ܰЫʿһηŶһƬǰЫߣ͸ЦĳУܵһϤϢȴ֪ЫǾ߿ܣӦǻˡ
ڣɢʼվ˫Ŀ¶쾫⣬ס֮һɲǣʱݣȴڵĶߣ
ڲƯһԪԪӣǿܵòһһһּ֣ȥ²⣬ͿԶԣܣʿ
ܱ˲䣬ڴѪЩ߽ɢȴ֮ǰϤĸԴ
֮ڣһ߹ͷ­ͷ­£˿ڴһЩᾧЩѪ⣬ȴǼΪƣ
ֵĴڣһСƿװǹͷ­˿ڴµĿ
ģֺץסһЩ˼ȴΪӣϵ
ۡ˵˭ֳĬǰһȥź俪Ӵ߳
Ыϣ·ȥ˵᳤ǣȥµ˲䣬ǰЫæǣӷָȥ
ʱ˿̣֮⣬ǿУһƬŤɢ£߳һӣ׷ɱֶ˾īӣĿ͸֮âһǿΪƣǰƬ鳤ٿص
˾֮ء߻ӣ¡ҵھų峤оɣݣް
˾īӳǰһΣֱ֮ضȥ
Ҫҵѻ꣬ȡŵܣ


1375 ȸ
ˣ᳤ǣǵھųǣʿڶ࣬ҽΪҡЫ·˵
һ·ֺٿڣ˻뿪˰Ыǣǿڼ۶ߡ
ǰʼ֮ǰܵһĻĻЩ˼ȴǸһ޷
˵ҲС壬ȴǧ峤ھųϣΪ˵˥ʩչӡͨѰʿ޷ƿУ峤ҲպգҰЫ䣬аֲǡ
ǰЫߵܣ֪һй֮£ϸĶ˵һ
׻֮ǿзֻ֮ڡ
УȸڴѼ֣ǲϧҲߣ˵ǽҪ߿ܣҪȥɵķСЫæ˵
ΪٶչֻʱͿԽǿգԶԶ뿪˰ЫǣչĿ⾡ͷģһɫǡ
ɫɢŨŨƣԶԶس˰Ы塣
˸һٽʱʹɫڷɳ罣⣬ֱ˲Ϣ٣ڣǰһߣһ¶΢ЦԶͱȭЫ峤ջʶڴ˵Ⱥ򣬻Ы峤˽롣
ˣҲ׷ױȭԴǼΪ
ЫϾ߶֮һ˵᳤ϣҲѰ˿ԵǰЫߺЦͷȭǰУں棬˵·£Ƿȥ
˿Ы峤Ϊһ̾ǵǰߣĿһϸĴּۣ˵ûпʲôߣȴ
Ы峤˿˾С
˻磬ٽǣۿҪ㣬ֺȻһǰתͷĿһǿա
ǿУһƬŤУ֪ʱ߳һӡ
ӵĿ⣬֣¶һɭ΢Ц
ɫƽû⣬תͷ̤㣬ʧ
ңߺХִ˿һƬȿֵľ裬ʶŻͷȥ
һ֮£̾Էӣǵոս̫ǳʱɭ׷һƳ׷ɱɭ֮һ
˿֮ٴοԷ̾жϳˣǵ֮ˣ̫ǳ
ʱԷΪܣĿĲ²⣬־ˣ
ӦΪɱҶֻӦòǱ壬ĻǷչ¶˵˥ϢȻҲпΪҴ˶֮ҲΪɵĻո֮ʱͻ֡
׷ĺܿ졭˵˥ô¶ս⣬Ц˴㣬뵽ϡ
⣬ǿУ˾īջĿ⣬΢Цɢû뵽Լո֮أͿ֮ˣԷϢͱ˾Ȼϣһۿȥϳ˶Էݡ
ϧ˵ضֻۣǰǵ͸Ϊ˼Ȼϣ;ѣѰǡɣͿɽס
˾īӺЦУĿһԶԶһӰХЦȴһ׷ԲԵߣۣ˸
˾īǰδɣЦ߼Ԫ¶˵˥Ϣ
ѣһ꣬Ϸˡ˾īӹһЦȭ˵
ǰã˵֮ԣ֮ʶѾã˾īǰ㣬Ϸ˥˾īǰ룬ȥϷ򶴸߱ȭЦΪھųϣƽʱ£ڱչشӵ˾īӵǰ
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һͷȴǽɱ˵أչһЩ߽׿ٴо׻쾧ҲһЩ
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֣Цˡ


1376 ɸһս1
˵˥
ǽڽ⣬һɣ˵˥ΪԳΪǿߣҺ˸ǣݣΪ߹ĪȨ
ڽڣƺ˽˵˥ߣԳΪ۷֮ˣǾŽڣ˵˥Ҳࡣ
ϿʵԶԶ⣬ǰߣһ˵˥ʿȸΪ̫ǳ壬ʸɳһ˵˥ˣΪ֮ط졣
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֮УʹУĪ
Ҫǣ͸ֵΪ
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˵ӿһֵۣеڶڶΪ׹ȥ˺࣬ÿһֻ׹ӵо춯֮ҪǣǱѾʶ𣡡
ŶǵءЦ


1377 ɸһս2
΢΢һЦ˵ǿ֮Ϊ˵̷Ա˵Уһö󣬿ɰöǧöö֮
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㣬ɸһս


1378 һʦ
˾īɫһ䣬͵վĿ磬Ȼ俴ԶĿԴ͸һϣ֮ƿޣֱӾͿвɽ嶥ϣȻֱͦĿͶ֣
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Ϊī˾īɲǼ䣬ͬŤһƬһȦȦƻصУΪī
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ΨӣſУ
˾īӡ˾īӡĪǡ


1379 ۣ
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ڿһĻĻ¶ǻȸ߳̾һ¶֮ɫ
ˣɣǾѧ֮ͨ˾īӡ˾īӡû뵽Ȼ˵ҵҩ֮˵ݣȻ֮
ϧһû֪ǻ굤ڵѪҺԺδȸҡͷ϶ֱľ档
ʥڣ峤ͬչʶ۲죬˿ȴ˿ڴ
˺ǿϧ˾īӵͨ£޷ҲΪ˵ãԳضƣ
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˾īΪܣǷǰҲǵ֮˿ԶԿ˾ɱϣ˾īУҲû˿
˵˾īӣҲˣܣĻһѰ֮ȴҲǸ鷳
˶϶ִ˷޷ɲǣȴ
ʹڣ˫Ŀͨ죬⻷ǧֱջĻȥ
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һǧ֮ϣΪ˶һ
籩⣬ɢ˻֮ת֮£ֳջĻԽԽɲǼͺȻײһ
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ƿֵĴ˻ƣڵľʹһԽԽңѪɫΪֺݺݵһУȻ֮£γɵأȻ䣬
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˲䣬ȸ˫͵һ¶޷֮ɫ
Ȼʶ˺ʧ⡭⡭
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ֻ˫ͫ̾ػûһת֮¶ʱתΪ˵أأΪ죡
һɲǣغת
εͨ˾īɫΪأһӣȴǵһó˷һʮɴᦣȻͳ˾īԡ
ƣЩûȴ͸һ²ɣζ
½
ʮɴչ½ȻǧƷģɨ֮£˾īȫһ޴ĽУ
˿תڽ£ϷһĻһп𺳣峤˫͵һ
ˣȻεͨߣˣ϶˾īͨ£Ҳɣ
һͺºݺݵһغ䣬ȴǼٵļѹֱڵ˾īӶȥ
˾īȫƻƣ˫¶֮â
½ɢ֮У죬ǵأǿһдڣ£ɢ߽⣡
˾ī˫һӣܵ½ƺȻţɨضԿغ䣬ȴ½ĳ£ɢȻ˱ļ
½ĵϣ˾īĴ
˫ͫҪʩչͨʱͻȻһЦڴЦ΢ȴشУ
˼Ϣ֮ڣսʤܷұڵ֮ƽ
ۣʥڣ峤ھųɫ䣬ʧ
˾īͬɫ䣬ɫ¶֣
һǴڴڡ


1380 Ϣ
Ϣ
κʱ䣬˵ɲǻ̫̣ɶʿ˵Ϣʱ䣬ҲǱ绮֮ѣ
ҪϢ֮ڽս峤ϻǻȸߣ˾īӣţϢʵǲ֮£
ϾҪԵĵˣ˾īӣ
ȴ仰ɲǣ˫۱쾫⣬ǡһִ޴δɢ˲䣬˫һӣȴ˱ȫΪ
ĵϣ˾ī½иֵ֮֮ͬ˿̱ʩչǽƷ籩ܷɢ
תⲻķ籩У̾;ոǳΪһƬݻ֮ɫһƬŧŧϵ࣬һһ֮¶İɫŨˮ죬Ļ
ظǺѿѷ죬֮һƬһѻڼٵ˥ϣһжǵʯ䷢ɲǣ¼ѹأ½кȻ
˲䣬½ȻɨǱأһ޷ݵĻֱֺ֮ȥ
˿̣ǡһŨ֮ʱȫΪתⱬһǿ⣬ֵУǿգǣȵһдڣȫйâɢ⣬γһ޴ĹӰ
Ӱܣ
·籩ٽɲǣӰܳͣǷ籩Ȼ䣬һ
ûǾ޴ĹӰ˸½֣ײ֮ʹת֮ı
½ͨǻˣǺѵֿȻҲͬ½Ǹڶʽͨ£
·籩ײɲǣȻһӣȴغ䣬һ޴ʯţȻͳʯ̺޾Ϣںϡ
ԶԶȥ־̤ͬʯ֮ϣ֣ƾطƶ˿Ψг޷Զ¶һƮ֮С
һ˲䣬Ӱ֮䱬âɣ֮ʱ˾īɫһ䣬˼ǰһȥֺ̧ݺݵһ
һ֮£һ޴ӡ춯ضӡ̺ܷӳ˵˥ȫ֮һɱȻƿ˹Ӱ⻷Ƶ½ֱ˹Ӱ֮ϡ
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˷ڶ̶̵һϢ֮ڣӰܳΣ
֮󣬴˶ܱȴڱͬʱӡ֮֮˴룬һɳֱٵ˾īӶȥ
Ǵ޵ٴλص
ʣϢʸʶⳡ֮սߣûκһΪϢڻʤ
ǡɲǣкһӰܱͬײѪȴ쳤Хǰֱӳȥ
ڳһ˲䣬չɱУٿ޷˼飬ڳɲǣĿ׹⼱˸ȴĿͫڣӡǻûŵ֮ת䳤ХȻǰȻγһɴСľ޴ͼ
ͼ춯أڱԴ֮׻񣬾ŵ֮׷֮ף֮סѪ֮ס֮ף
Īܣʹͼâɡ
һɲǣȻͳߣ罻գͼ۶
ͼ춯أ֮˫ǰ͵һƣ֮ͬһ㣬˾īӣ˽
ͼأֱ˾īӣ
˾īɫΪأһ·׷ɵģǶԷܴ֮֮δҲδ֣ϵһĻľ
˿ڿͼɲǣжʱ͸ֳϿĶԷŵһĻ˫һ֮½ٴλ籩ܣӰܵİڡ
ҿǿϷ¸
ƶͼ˴˿ؼ۶޾磬ǳףһŲһٵķʽֱ˾īӶȥ
ԽԽ˲ϢȻ٣˿̣Ǵ޵һĶ

⡰ɲǣȫȻͼΪһ壬Ӱʧͼֱ˴ˣȻ˾īӵ½籩һ
֮˲侪춯أԶԶ˷ݿҵĳ£˾īӽƷ籩͵һȴ̱֮һɴ˺֮£ֱй˾īӡ
ǵУͼȻٽ
һ̫죬ʯ䣬ͼ̾ӡ˾īؿڣ˾īɫʱ԰ףһѪѹƲסӼˡ
ؿڴžž֮ʹ˾ī˺֮ʱƸأ
ɫ¶ȻѾ߹֮˿Ȼ޷Կٵص
ǰҪ
ͬҲ½籩ײ˲䣬½ɨɲǾͲתۣȥͬһɣˡ
һϢ޾ڱת£ʹò֮ɢָ糣ֻɫΪ԰ףȻܷһս˵ҲǼΪѡ
ۿ˾ī˺к¶ɱǰһȥҪ׷ʱǴ޴һεĻص
ġδ˵꣬һХϣ糤죬֮Ȼ׷˺˾īӣ˫͵һӣ
̾һöָ׸ǴСĽɫҩֱӴڳ֣˾ī޷ٶȻٽ̫죬գۼٽ˾īǰʮɣ
ɫҩٽһЩֲ˼һ
δɢصĺ֮ȻһԱһ㣬ޱ޾ˣǴڱһɻ֮˾īӾ̫ٴѪ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
û뵽ڶԷϣȻ˳̶ȵķ˿̱ɫҩĳȫѪҪ˺ѣͷƺҪϿ
ΪܣΪ߷Ѽ˴ĲҺķ˼Ѫ˼Ϊ֮ķѰʿ˿̶Ȼ
˾īӲΪڿڼͣͲǰû̫ĵ飬ʶԱ÷Ҳﵽ˵ܣδͨ
˿ⵤҩĳ׳˲䣬٣ٴһӣȴǱѹ׻쾧˸
ּ׻쾧ɲٽ˾īӣһ֮ǰɫҩͬʱչ˵ڶλ
һ˵ʵϣȴ˲䣡
ã峤ĿתʶܵĲ鿴ⳡսڿһĻɲǣȴɫȻ䣡


1381 ٵ
ɫҩನڣ֮ʼ¡¡˾īӱ֮ǰˣѪҺ⣬˿˫ͫ͵һδйĿ־֮ɫɲǾռ˫Ŀȫ
ĺˣһΣȻ٣һεѹҪȫ飡
׻쾧ı֮Ϊң̺֮𣬸ֵĲٿ£ѹγв˵˥ʿ֮
˾ī֮壬ں˵˲䣬һ־춯أ׻쾧ȻɢĿ֮ââɲǣȾء
˾īһҽУȴȫâһգ̾ȼȼյĻɫȴѪԪ
ʹһ¶
ҲͰˣʽɱк˾īˣȴδֻ˫ۻɢĿ¶δйĿ־壬Ψһͷӣӣӣ
ͷɲǣ̾ѪɫͬѪһ㣬أͬʱһض˲ϢʹѪڣɳһѶֱ̽˾īӶȥ
̽ٶ֮죬޷壬ʶ޷ٶȣعȻٽ˾īӡ
˵˾īӸ޷㣬һѪ⽣ؿڴ͸Ѫ˾īǰͬʱڸ֮ϳ֣ȴûǼˣ
˾īӵķϾ˵˥ΪôɱΪ˾īһսȻȫ׼׻쾧ǧؼʱóѪ⽣̶̵ʱڣȻչȫ޷һɱ˵˥ʿ
˵̶ֳȣԳƺڽ⣬Ҫ֪ڻֻһԴɣǵڶĵԴɣʱ֣ûд򿪿ţҲһƴ
˾īӲδɫֱ̧һָգҪʩչͨ׷ɱʱڴ֮ǰص
ҵ֮أ˵˵߾ߡ
⻰ͬʱ˾īȻߣⲨƻصۿҪ׶˲ߣʱպȻбһƬŤͻȻγһ޴С
˾īӰɢɲǣհڣ̾һָȻ͸·˾īӺݺݵذȥ
ָ̫ƺߣɣԶԶȥ͸ջ𣬴˿£ٶȻ޷ݣȻ֮£ٽ
ҪѴͱһҪǿһָ˾īӾ£ָһ˾īϡ
޷ܣ޷Ӷݣƺһ޷ݵأһжҪ˲ݶߣҲֹͣ
ָ⾡ͷ˾īӾѪ֮ϳ˴ѷ죬һȫպһƬԪͬķѣѪһͬɢ֮С
紵ȥѪȵζþòɢ
ǴڴҲûгָ֣ջյڣӰؽָ֮ǰһУûзһ
ϸһƬžǻȸˣһУһʱ֮Ȼ޷뺧Ȼ֮С
峤ɫΪѿ͸⣬֮ӼˣѸվ丸ߡ
𣬴²ܴʶǡ
丸峤ɫգӻڡ
ʲô˱˾īӵ˥ȷǿΪҲĶ֣ΪھųϣԴĹһˣĪ˵۲δȷʵϢ֮ԣˣϷ򣬴ҲȻὫɱ
ߣϷ鷳̾ͻȥѰһرչˡ
ڰգĺһ˾īӷһսܶݣɲģơģǴ۵̬ȡ
˾īӷˣһָɱΪԳˮһ֪εΣҴڰҡĿ΢ɲһȥϾˡ
ĿǴصɲǣȴкâ˸
ھųϡҰ˾īӣΪУھųϡҵҪǴ۵ĵߣԸرǱ˵Ҳˣһֺپʹƹ
˿һת֮ǰ㼲۶ȥ
ٶ֮죬糤죬¡¡ľ죬ʹʿȫɫ䣬ڿ˾īһս˸ǰֹ
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ڶˣֹһ̤벽ƵݿһϢȻȴнʮڶʿ׷׷ɳŵҪֹ
ʱغȻ٣һ˳ϿգЩڶʿ˲䣬̧ºݺݵһ
ҹ
춯أһư£غ䣬һ޴ӡֱӻû·ĳȥ
ǽʮڶʿһӡѪӵֱ
˿޷ֹ㣡ӡ͸һ˴ϣʹõ֮أ̱
С壬ҲĳֱЦ£Ŀ棬ǰɫ԰׵常Ӷϡ
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ʱͻȻԶؾͷһХ⽣⾪죬ԶԶȥ֮磬ɲǾֱ˵ء
ڿⳤ罣һ̣峤оɢȡ֮ǿϲ֮ɫ
ʹߣʹ٣һˣҲᣬˣ峤¶ϲӸ˿ڴɫͬϲɫ
̧ͷδż֣Ŀȥ
ⳤڣ߳һӣûκΪϢҲ޷ȻĳΪľ
ھųϣμʹߣʹ٣ҪΪ峤ΪȭԣҲ֮
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ۿͣ
峤ɫһ񣬵ͷǹ
ȥ峤ھųʸ񣬴͵ҩһö̷£˵꣬һ˦ʱһöɫĵҩֱ峤ȥ
峤һɫ̲ҰһƬվƯǰĺɫҩ
⡭⡭
ɫ糣ڵЩˣƵģҪۣ˵֣꣬̿ϱ䲻ڣǶЦݣıȭ
²μٵۣ


1382 
ٵۣ峤Ŵ˻ؿڷݺݵײһ£ްѪɫ֣¶ɬ
վߵ壬ͬɫҰףɫ¶޷ŵãȻ
Ŀһɫû˿仯ֻǱ˫ۣʹһɨ
ٵۣ
ʹʼչŹ΢ЦæȭѾ·֪е֮䣬Ǵյٵۣڣʮ֮ϣ
ɫ糣û˵
˿峤ɬŵҩĬú󣬵Ŵʹ߿ڣʹߡˣɷŹϷ֮
ʹЦʧĮ˵ֻҩۿͣ˵޹ء
峤¶һȻãȻӣҧ֮һݣɬдŹ١ٵ۴ˣ֮ǰðٵۿŹȮӣһ飬һ˳еٵۿ
˵͵̧ͷһץ̾ͰץУһ㶣ͻȻĲҽһȴ丸峤Ԫڣһ·֮춯أȴֱӷϵȫԪʹɲΪϣ˷ˣ
ʹڷĴʹѪɫһƬңһƬŤһϢڲϵйǾʹ£ֱӻԹȥ
ٵ۴ˣȮȻΪӴ֮Ŀܣвٵۣٵۡһ·峤
ֳĬƬ̺˵ͷ
峤¶мһӣѻԵ氲ȫ֮ŵҩԥ¡
ǵҩڼһƬɫĻȻͳڣɫĻ͸֮Уڷȼ˲Ϣ䣬㽫ԪգȫѪͷͳͳգ⿴ȥ峤ȫͨ죬͸ɫɫÿһëڱʹ˻һɫĻ򣬻ɢ󣬰㲻棡
ǡʲô𣡡˫ͫ͵һ
ϣʱһƬžܶ˶һĻ׷֮֮أһ㣬˸Ҳ
ܴڵˣһ͸η壬׷׵ͷ
˵˥ʿڽڵΪ˽֮⣬ҲԳΪ峤ϣλߣ֮أһͣ˿а㷴¶֮ȻѾġ֮Դ峤¾Ϊ˸ҿӵģһ档
峤Ŵ½ʹٴ¶Цݣֱȭ岻һ峤ѡٵ۶ᡣ
Ŀһɫ糣һָԶһΪϣڵǴ˰ɡ
峤֮²ֵкԵһ£һʱ֮˻㱣ǰһϢڵڣһ̣ȴɽ磡
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£ָͷкȴˣӲ¶ϲ֮ɫǼæǰһֹıȭ࡭лٵʶӴ֮һ壬ٵ۷Ըӣ
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æǣ˵ȡЩ֮ҪԪҲԥľΪȥȡܳΪ峤˵컯
˿̵Զǰ峤֮£һ˼ĳڼ˷֮Уаͽ֮⡣
ǴʹӣһȭЦٵ۴ˣ¾ȸˣҪȥ۸˵ţһóһöɫ壬ĵݸ֡
ٵ۴ˣǴݣڣ٣ڵ֮أ˸Ҷ
ۻ˵º᳤֮ѡҪ١ʹͳ󣬱ȭȥ磬ʧԶؾͷ
壬ϸĿһۣʺѰΨһֱ֣ۡʻ򵥣һǳӡ£͸һɲɣϢǿ֮ĸܵһ
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˫Ŀصɲǣⱬͬ⻮ڵѷ죬ʹȻкصѷҪһ㣡
һɱŰϢ˾īӱڱһ籩⣬ת֮·ɢ
˾ī趯Ʈҡɫˮо⽥ɢȴ֮ŨŨɱ뺮⡣
֮˵ΪϵӰ죬ǷΪΪ޷ͻʱ޳һܳɷ֮ȴƻļƻʹ˺ܾõͷ
һǰѪһ
ۣ˾īҧгݣɫ͸
С˾Ȼ֮Դ⣬һ˿֮Դô֪ҵ֣ĪǴˣԽڣ˾īĿ˸̧ǰݺһ˺ѷ춯أ¡¡֮£ı˺һȱڡ
˾īվǰһȥʱȱһץͺȵ߲ն֣
߲֮âȻʹѷȱڼ˸âɣһ־ȻڵʹһУȫ߲֮¡
һ߲ʶѸٴȱڷɳƯ˾īǰƬ̺һʮŸ߲ʶ˾īתʹ߲֮âŨľȻ˾īӵӰڸǣ˿ȫǴĿ߲ʡ
߲նרɱܣǵһ޷ֿǳۻеܣضɱˣһУͿζˣ˾īһӣ߲ʶ֣ʧǰһȻʧӰ
ڣ˿һȺʿڼۣЩʿǧΪȣ֮ԼʮΪﵽ˵ڶʿӵһˡ
һߣòѰȥȴǼΪɭ
̰Ǵ󹩷ǰЫǣǰԶѾҪЫʬпܵģ
Ǳ˴ӵɫưһͷȻܺã棬ٲȵĺô
˻һʿһ¶ϲɫ⻰Ǳ˵л¶ڲסľϲ˵֮ˣ̰ǣ
Щڣ˭˲֪̰ǣ
̰ǲȥޱ֮أ仰Ѿ֮صʿһδεļ֤ӴϸĺôҲ޴Ʒ


1383 ̰
˵̰ǣ֮صʿ֪أҲ֪Ǻ˵֮أΪѰҲǿӡ
ȴо֮ٳ֣óĵҩ뷨֮֮һδεķ籩
̰˵ΪߣȴΪͻټó֮ͨҲΪ죬зΪ߳ߣҪܴˣҲǷǳѡ
ǴóĳӶͨһ֮ٱʮ߱Ѱ֮˸׷ϡ̰ǼΪƲͺԥ롣
һҲΣ
ʱĶȹ̰ǲ֪ʲôԭΪȶ֪УȻΪ˾ʿһͨΪĪ⡣
أҲ˵֮һЩǿߵע⣬˿֮ģ̰չ׷ɱ˶Ϊ̰Ǳ֮ʱ̰ǾȻóڶδʩչķ
ÿһӵо춯صͨ׷ɱʿ֮±̰ǷˣУȻɱһˣ
Ӷݣ
֮ˣ̫޷ţһʿȻʿ׷ɱ²ûɱһˣ
̰֮̾籩һ㣬֮غպգͬģǱɱʿ䣬Ϊ֮ŭ御û᳤ϣʵͬǿΪɱ̰ǣɳһΪﵽ˵һ˥Ĵͨʿ
˵һ˥ʿɱһʿͻһ㣡ڵʱΪ䶯˶Ϊ̰Ǵ˷ڽ֮ʱȴ̰ϣһγ漣
̰óһ֮ⷨţо󲿷ִУԴ˱һƵĵ
һ֮غȻ򣬸һ̫ŵ춯ض˵һ˥ʿⷨºȻ
ҲͰˣǹ֮ȴе֮˥ʿǹԻ˥ʿ
ǵ˥Ҳ۷ް
ֻǣû֪̰ϣ⣬Ƿиǿ֮Ͼ̰ϵķ
ķȻ˵Ǹ벻ؼôпþʿ߶ɱ˥ٵıڣ
ս̰֮伣У۶ʶѰҹ̰ǣ̰Ǹǳû׳һº󣬴͸Ϊĵҩ
󣬵̰ٴγǰʱΪȻڣٴγ֣˵֮һЩΪ˵˥ʿĸ߶ע⡣
֮£һ˵˥ʿ̰ͼ˱ᣬȴ˶ˣһ̰֮ٴκպմ˵أûκһˣҴ⣡
أ̰Ǳ֮ԣ
̰ǳ֮ͨ󣬻һֱ£֮ضĵر֣һǣ֣Ҳܴҳ𾪵ķ֮
Ϊˣ̰ǲȥޱ֮صĻҲ֪
̰ǳ˷Ѱұ츳⣬ȴһ֮㣬Ǳǰ¶ı飬ܴ˵ı
ۣϵζ
̰ǲ֪ʲô֮ͨǳѬ죬Զŵþòɢ
˿̰ܣʮʿͬŵǼ޷ܵĳζȴ˿¶쳣ɫ
һٶȼ죬ʱԶԶؿ˰Ыǣ̰Ŀ磬ԶǣĿ
һ⣬ƾһ֮ӵɾͣΪ֮겻֪ǿ˶ٱҲЩ׻һ
имǿޱȣǵСܻȥȻݼΪߣ
ȴӸа˷ܣϵĳͬӰϣԼѾŲˣÿһο˵ı飬
Ϊɢ˺ܶ취ζԪڣȻٹ̣ԪΪһ壬ȥܽϢɢ
ʹ࣬ĥʹ̰Ƕ֣ӵˣµĺޣȻ۷壡
ӣǵȥ죬ҵ³£ϷһҪʬΣ
Ҫľ֣ˡ˾̰ǵĿǣзҵŲƴ󶦣ҵ̫ҵɽͼҵĳɽڶķ֮Ѽȫߣ
ÿÿ뵽̰Ƕʹ֣ȴǳ˺֮⣬һŨŨӰģֽκ󣬶ּΪɵ
ּɵ֮ʱĶȹȻΪ˿־壬Ϊߣ־ȴûɢ㣬ԽԽŨ
ԼҲ˵ԭ򣬵ÿ뵽֣һ
пǣȸϣҿеķ棬ߡ֮أΪܶ࣬ȴҵ̫ҵ׾͸ҳ̫ڣں֮󳹵ɳΪޣ
ӵ˱£ȥѰˣȴǸɱǧй֮ĥУ֣˴󶦣ɽͼһУ
ҽҪӳ¿֮ʱֹʹ˽ۣ̰ӳһǣ̰ʱ£ֵһĻĻʹĸԴ
һѰΨѼһУȫߣЩ˵ǻ֮ȥجΡ
ֻһΪԶԶ꣬Ǳȵ껹ҪǿҾͲţֻܴӽڳ̫ǳ֮ҵı֮ɺϣ־̰ǵĿˣ
̰ЦΪԼһгΪʵĿܣȫܷ顣
ƶб˱ȫζɢֻ˱޷ƶȡߣΨƶΪ乩ֱҳоףʱشʱߣȻǿ
ⱦﱻоʮ֮߰ˣֻѰҵⰵЫ崫˵еЫʬҾ;ųɰտɢ³̰ͷתȴǳ֮⣬ǻԼһǱ
ҵЩǣпǣϷ⣬ȻǿĻ˵׼һҪ̰ǶֵļɵԵһĻĻجΣ˿Ϊˣجλ޷ɢĶ֣ǿ־塣
ͬһֻ˹ռǴҸΪǿ׳Ϊ˷֮ף걻˵һĻȴӡĵףһ޷ɢ˹Ҳһ
ǵѺۣ̰ɱ֣ȥجΣĻһһֻ֮


1384 ֮1
ǿУּ۶ߣ뿪ǣȡ˴еĻ֮Ĵռڣд벻׻쾧
ڶܣΪߵһߣȻ˵һ˥ЩȫһĻ±峤ȫ׳
УĿ˸һ·˾īӵһսصĵͻȻ֣ոһٵ۵š
Ǵ۵ʥûʲô˵У˭ûУʲôĿģˡֻͳ壬δҼĴ㡭棬̺ʲô뷨üͷٶԽԽ졣
˸տʼֻ˵Ϣ֮Լҵ֮ڣϾ˾īһսпܽ˾ī׷ɱյ֮صĹ涨ضܵͷϳ֮ء
Ǵ۾Ȼ˾īӷɱϻ˵ɱ˵ĻǱһ̬ȣϾ˾īǵܣǴ۱̬ȣǸ
ȻϢڣӦǸı뷨տʼ뷨ֻԹۿȴԲ棬ʲô뷨ı䡭
Ŀг˼֮ɫԽŨǰͻȻһ٣뵽һܣ
ӵԴ֮Ϊпܿʩչ׻쾧¶˻汾Դ֮ʥйأȻһ۾ܿȸ
ֿܣı뷨ԭڣֻһжҵĲ²⣬ʵ񣬻ȷ
ͨʹ֮ڳͷ峤ڸʩո֪º᳤֮ѡǰȥ
͸Ź죬ºȥһˣ۵ʲôĿģĿоһ˼ǰһȥسɴ֮£ֱЫǶȥ
̰һˣٶȼ죬밵ЫǣȻĽǧХǿһ㲨ƣɨ֮»춯صĺХֱЫǶȥ
Ƭ̺ǧȻ٣ǰʿһ·ֱӾƿϵ㣬ֱ·
̰Ǳ˴ӵɫư٣
ⰵЫϣɫ䣬Ƶշ˺һ޴ѷ죬һںХ
ʿһɫ䣬¶֮ɫ
غյľ䣬ظǲƺⲻϳʿѹ£޷һ㣡
ЫµľۼأֶΧ˿Ӵ˫֣һ࣬żЫѵ⡣
Ӵ߸棬ɫΪһ˿ԵãǿЩΪİЫһӴѵ˿ҿڣһľӣ͸Ϊ
˵ǣԼⶼˣˣ̽ϢƨûУӻܳеôߣӴһ˦һ
һߣ̾ʹǰЫɫ԰ףһԥһ£ȭڵ¡
û˵꣬ͻȻɫ䣬͵̧ͷգһ˲䣬֮аЫˣ׷̧ͷ¶֮ɫ
ֶһɽϥɵİЫ峤ֵǰ˿͵˫ۣ¶Ȼһ֮£ֱӷϰա
ӴҲһ㶣̧ͷһգһ֮ʣʱɫ԰ף¶֣ߵߣǵ
ȴղƻصƻ˺棬֮ˣһԶ۶֮һͬģǴԶХĺ֮
ʼл΢ܿ;춯أͬһ㣡
ƶѰô£Ыȫ壬ͳͳ뿪˵أ󣡡һͺ𣬴ٵǧⳤڴ¡֮ڷĻص
ƶ壬ҪʲôҰЫСҲ֮һǡЫ峤ɫ䣬ڰ̼ڡ
ﻹû˵꣬һߴ
룡⻰䣬֮ʱ̾ѹһкڴأͬʱǧʿڣ߳һˣ
˸һ֣ΪתжϢζ̫Ũ̾ʹðЫ峤ʧ̰ǣ
ζ֮Ũþòɢִ֮£̾вٰЫЩ³ӴΪ֪̰ǵݣ˿̱ζȴֱŻ
һ£̾ʹ̰ɫΪһ˦ʱɫ䣬һѾ޴Ȼ֣ӹâתֺ͵ǰһӡ
֮춯أһɽȻֵ̮ĶҲһ˲ˡ
ϰٰЫ˸޷ֿһѪӷҶ㱻ݺݵȥ
ǰЫ峤ȴǲĵ
رշ˺ѣѪֱ˻ԣ׳Զټ
һ֮𺳴˵ʿ
ӴǱһɴסֱӾṵ̋ǰԽǽӽ̰ǣǳԽŨӴ鱻ϢɫΪѿ
ô̰ǶӴ飬ڡ
Ӵæų˵˵¶Էţҧ˿¶֮ɫֻһ֮£ȴǻһ㣬ʹٴŻһڡ
ۿ̰ĿɱӴļеҼΪͨ죬ɱңɣǰЫ峤Ҽһʽͨ޷£ΪߣҲҼ˶֣
̰Ц
˶ڻ·ϣʱԻҶҷֺɣǰЫΪңճΪ֮ūҲһΣ£ӴҲ˳ȥ
Ϊͨ죬ô˵ҲͰˣȻˣôϷҪкα£ūŵϷҲй֮£Ҫ
̰һӣͳһԪӴڣʹӴѪȫҪ˲ԶĴϡ
ǰЫˣϷ治ɱˣȻǣҾ뿴ұɣ̰Ǵһ˦п𣬾ܵİЫ˺ɨȫǡ
Щ̰Ǵһ˦ܴӵܵƶʿȻĿ˵ȱϷȴūŵˣҲȼʶһ£̰Ƿ֮
֮꿴ϷʩչⱲ컯Ϸķؼ䣬˿ɱȣĿһ£ϷԷɱ˥ʿȶȻ


1385 ֮2
̰ǻＫΪһӣǰͳ˾ſɣʯʯһɫ䡣ٴһӣоʮŰѳûܣ콣
һӣһƬ⣬ڴأ̾ʹõ𶯣֮£ȴ˲һſŴЩľܼת۾·γɭ֡
һĻĻƶʿܣۿ̰ʩչѾ֮£
̰Ǵ󹩷ķ֮ش࣬ҵܿ˵ԴһЩ
̰Ǵ󹩷ķɻɱ˥ʿδ֪ʲô˾춯صڿԿ
̰Ǵ󹩷֪֮࣬ȫĿãȴ컯
ƶʿһɫ˷ܣ׷׹ǡ
ϵӴ飬һĻȻ֪̰ǵݣ¿ʿı飬ȴһ¡
̰Ȼٴһӣ̴ϵɭڴͺȴƬɭַһ㣬ʱŤ֮죬չ¶ʿǰһĻǵ
ǴƬɭں£Ȼӵ
ʲôɭ֣һɵ飡
һſŴһγһ޴ˣվ֮ߣԼɣ֮󣬸޷һɼΪǿϢվɲǣϺƵ
̰һΣվͷɫиΪٴ̧֣ǰһΣغ䣬ǰȻͳһ޴ѷ졣
һ޴ĺ¯ڻس֣Ưһԣ
¯Ǵ̰֮һ¯
ŵ̰лǾΪʱô˱Բʿ׷·ɱһˣ¶ˣ
̰ٴһӣɫ䣬Хȴкƾճ֣ǰ䶯ռ£һѳǹ
ⳤǹɣһ־¶һɻ֮
һóʹʿ𺳲ѣ̰ǵĿ⣬¶ηӴҲлңɬ
̰ǺĿ⣬Ŀ£ϵĳǵֿ־Ӱ
ЩֻϷڶ෨еһС֣ǿķϷδóϷ򷨱֮֮࣬ǿǵܣҲԶԶ޷ȣ
ȽңҪϸ˥ʿϷǰܴϢ̰飬ںƵʹʿһΪܣޱȵڴ
ӴɫҰףӿ޾⣬İˡˡû뵽˾Ȼô෨һȥǿ޷󣬿˵ı飬˸ɱ˥ʿ֮ؼʢˡˡ
ʱͻȻ̰ǽƬɭɵľ޴ˣ͵̧ͷ˫¶⣡̰Ǹɫư̧ͷա
ܵķǷҵĺ˿ļ󣡻ʿһʱͬʱ̧ͷգڵȴڴ̰Ƿ֮
Ŀ۵У˿вƻصǲƵģ¶һӰ
Ӱ޳˿ģȴһĮĸоء
̰ɫΪȻڿģӰɲǣȴӾ˫ͫ͵һŴ죬¶޷֮ɫʶ۾ϸһһ֮£ɫ䣡
Ҳû뵽Ȼ￴־ĸԴзΪجΣ֮ȥ֣
⡭ⲻܣһۻ̰ȫ˲䱻亹ʪȻˣ˸ǲϣӰ̰ٴοȥڷаȻը죬ʹ˫͵͹Ŀ¶֮ɫ
һĻĻجΰĻ棬̾ͱ̫Ųƴ󶦱ɽͼɽ屻ȵзȫߵļ䣬ɽ鱬㽫䳹ûڿ־֮С
ôⲻܣܣڽڣôڽ⣡ǣҵĿǣ֪һһᣡ
һжǵʯ䷢Ӱǰһɲǣʿڴ̰ԷɱԷ˲䣡
̰Ǽһ֮춯أԥ˼͵һˣȫΪȻԪתٶȱʮ౶һ֮£޷壬ʶ޷ٶȣȻӶݣ
Ӷ֮죬޷ȥݣ羪֮Щóķȥգ֮زز
һĻ̫ͻȻܵʿӴڣȫ
⡭̰Ǵ󹩷ʩչʲôͨ
ٶȺÿ죬ת۾ͲӰĪҪóĳǿķǰľٶ
ղŵļУ񡭡ЩԾ·ʲôµһ
ҡôо̰Ǵ󹩷ӡ
ӣ
̰ǣֵӰ߳ͬһ¡


1386 ձ
ִδܹ̫ǳڣ̰ǣļУ̰ӦѾȥŶԣڵ֮£Ȼ
̫ǳ̰ǵ˲䣬ֵĶҲɵûһ¡
ȥʱ̰Ȼ֮ززӰֻʣ·ǽǧĿɿڴʿ
Ŀһ¶⣬̰ǵΪܳ󣬵񣬶Էȴǳ
̰Ӷٶ֮죬ҲΪ֮һ㶣ת۵Ĺ򣬶Է¾ȻӳǡǼߡ
ڵϣɭɵľ޴ˣվʧȥ̰ǵĲٿأûκλ֮
Ǿ޴ԱߣһӴĺ¯ɢɣϢδӽͿĸܵĿֲѹ
һԣһɺɫɵĳǹǳ۳ͣ볤ǹ䲻ϵתһϢ䣬ͻת°ٴΡ
Χоſ޴ʯһ󷨣ɢĹ⣬γϸܵķ棬ʮŰѷɽתһХ֮£ͬߣ춯أ
Ŀַɨ˫ͫ
̰ǡûȻŪô෨촽ǰһȥܽǧʿһ̧ۣºݺݵһץ
̾ͻһֻöֱ֣·֣ΧľʮŰѷɽֻ̲ûֳ˴ֱӾͰʮŰѷɽȫȥ
ץסʮŰѷɽſڱһԪʮŰѷɽɨ֮Ȼȴ̰ǵʶӡ̱
ʮŰѷɽ̰ʶǿĨȥɲǣȻԶڣ̰ɫֻ̣Ǳļ۶ӡ
ڿֵ˲䣬̰ûбͷ뷨̾ͱǱʶжֵĿ־ռģ廹ûȴ˼չȫٶȣӶݡ
ٶˣжˣз統һԷһߡ
һж˵ֻ˲Ϣ˿ȴ˷ѹһ٣ͣǿգɫ粻
Ϊȵ߳ν֮ҷǱȵ껹Ҫ࣬Ҫǿ󣬾˥ʿҲһսС֣ʲôܣ̰ҧ֮»뷽ŵһĻȴŭŭĲ֣Լ
Ӳˣȥɵ֣Ա֮ޣ̰¶ɱ͵ػҪת
ʱȴɫȻ䣬һΣ˫Ŀͫ
ʮŽϵʶȻǿĨȥģڵʲôΪȻǿĨȥҵʶӡ̰̾ͣɫˮ˿̵ٴ˵ӰجΡ
ͷת̰͵һţδˣֱǶȥֻǡոȴȻһ٣ɫΪ԰ף¶֮ɫ
ǾűϵʶӡȻȻҲǿĨ⻤ǾűعĹΧõûʶ£ʶӡȻΪһ壬Ѱ֮˿Ĩȥ⡭Ź˶ãȻĨȥʶ
̰ԥˣָоԷΪ򵥣
ɺҷӵ̫죬ȥΪǹǱɽߣһ¯ħǹľ飡ܶʱߣӾƴһѣ̰ɫ͵һ壬˳ߵ·ߣȥ
ֻǡ
Ϣʱ䣬е̰ͻȻһ֣ȴһѪɫҰף˾䣡
ħǹգ̰ɫȻ־糱ˮˣ䳹û˿Ҳû˻ͷ鷳ͷ֮ǰǷӶݵ뷨һռȫ
˼̰תԶ䱩˾ʮ౶ٶȣȥ
ǣǰɱǧ֣̰һĿǣ̰Ŀɬ͸ŨŨĲŭǱһɡί
òӳ죬һƾŴԵڻһǿΪԾ춯أһأʵ֮ڣҲȷ
ֻӻûã¾֣̰ǱӶзŭ
Ϣе̰һȴٴѪһģٶȸļȥ
ɱǧ򵶡ʮ򵶣Ŀǣҵ¯ߣҵ¯̰дʹֻؿڣóѪһ㡣
ǧ򲻸ãŵЩƶʿ棬óô෨ҪֻóһһҲó̰ǺǺڣں֮ɫҰףŭӶݡ
Ӷ֮ƿ죬ת֮¾ȻԶԶ뿪ڵǣŵ֮ߡ
ЫϣöֺɨǾſʯ֮ǹӴĺ¯ȫߺĿ˵Ǿ޴ϡ
̰Ǵ˷Ū֮ҪǿǾʮŰѷɽͱȵɱ֮߳Ǿſ鱮ģԹ̺˼ǿϢ
ҪǻǹϾȻйħϢϢ͸ɣǴڵ£Ҳ֮ãΪңԶ
Ǻ¯ҲǼ򵥣̰ʶķͲԣ統ǹһǲٿƤëѣʵ¯ĪĹϾûȴǿܵйأĿ˸ֺȻ£ֱǵʧȥ˲ٿشվľ޴˶ȥ
һִ־ϣһ֮£˷ȴ˿δöĴ֣ĵ𣬸һɫϢɢ֮£ȻֵǻûĴ͵һһ±ķѣ
ϲɫһû뵽˾Ȼ̺ȷ֮ŵһƣһʿ˲ûˣз
Ҫ֪⻹û˲ٿص£˲ٿأ˱
֮󲿷ֶ̰ǣ̰ӵдԵ֮ˣ䱦֮࣬һʿ𺳣ſԪһ޴Ĺֱϣһ˦̾Ͱľ봢ռڡ
һУתȻľٶ¶η֮ɫĽǧʿһ̧жʱľͳһö塣
ȿʶ
ܽǧʿУ̾һڿɲǣӺȻһ¶޷֮ɫæǰϸĿһۺ󣬶ʱңʧ
û֮ʱȲ뿪һˣȫţֱ俪ڣһָԶ˷ܵӴ飬ֵӴ˺
ԸһУһΣһֱʣвƻصȻʧӰ


1387 
֮ǿУ̰˻һ磬Ӷݣһ·е죬ƺΨſһЩĻһ𷨱ٴαͬһ֮£ʹҪ衣
˿̼У̰ǰǿգͻȻвƻصڿǲƵɲǣ̰ɫ䣬ԥ̵ת̧ǰһץʱһƬƴСĿݻҶ֡
Ҷһ֣̰ץţݺݵֲƵǿ˦ȥ
һҶ죡
ݻƵҶѰûκγ棬ȴص֮ɲǣ̾ɫ֮âȻһɺƵķӡ֮֮
Ȼ䣬ǿݻҶŴֱӡǿգǻصĲƷƾǲҲ˿޷ҶķΧ롣
̰˦Ҷ󣬲ȥһ֮£˫̾һϹ˸Ȼͻ
ӿȴγ޴ɫħӰħӰȻǹħӡ
̤ħУ̰ٶȸ죬ת֮¾ʧӰ
ӰһʧҶӡµǿУһ߳ɫ̧֮ݺݵһȥ
һ죬ȭվǷӡҶһ𣬺죬Ҷȴ˿δ
һɷ֮Ƶֱֳ
ʲôҶ˫ͫһδӲһȥأسɴ磬ƹҶ׷̰ǡ
ȥ֮󣬲ƽɢҶƹһͬʧӰ
ǿ̰۶ߣħӰͺʹ۲ɿ⼲£Ȼɫһ̧УĳƬ֮ǰ˦Ҷ
Ҷ̰¶һ˿⡣
ϷһҶ죬˵˥ʿҪƿҲһۣҾͲΪ˵˥
̰ҶǰٶߣƬ̺͵һ٣¶ЦٴһӣȴҶһηɳֱǰա
Ҷµɲǣвƻصȴ̰ǲ֪ԺַȻǰֵ֪ĵ׼ȷķλ
ͨУӶ֮Ϊǿؼ䣬Ӷݣ˿ɱȣˣϵЩͲ֪˿ɱ˶ٴΣ̰ߣһΣֿʼ˼ٶߡ
һɲǣͻȻǿմԶһѪ⾪ѪէһԶ޾֮أת֮£ѪǿգһĺХ
̰ɫ̴䣬㣬ǿѪ飬˲ϢԶԶȥһĻΪˣѪͬڣ޷ٶֱٽ̰ǣȻɡ
Ѫ̰ϴ͸֮ʱض𣬸һʯײ֮Ĵ
һҽѪ̰ӱݺݵ׳һѪɫ԰ףؿ֮£¶һƬڹ⣬ȴϣȻһף
˿̣ؿڵף˴Ƭѷ죬ӣ⣬Ѫĵʮ⡣
̰Ǳ׳̧һӣħӰʱȫγһɺɫķ籩ת֮·ҵĺ̰ǼӶݡ
һжǵʯ䷢̰Ժɫ籩ߵ˲䣬ǱҶӡֵ֮Ӱһ֮߳ʣֲ˼ǰݺݵһץ̾ͰҶץ
Ӷݵ̰Ȼ޷ٿҶץ̴ֺĽƷӡϣϾȥо鿴ֱ봢ռڡ
̧ͷʱ̰Ȼ֮٣ɫĮȴ¶˷֮â
˼̰ϴ˷Ȼ٣ÿһˣҶü컯ܴӴϵõڶ෨֮һŪΪѾȥû뵽ټ֮ʱ࣡
ԸЩ˽⣬Ƽˣķٻ緽һóֻһһļ
Ҵڶ࣬Ȳ˵ЩӺδõԺַʽ̫ǳұҪ֪֮£ǰһȥȻʧ
ǿڣһ׷һӣһ·ߣ֮һע⣬һ˵ٶȣһȥᡣ
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Ӷ̰Ľп࣬ǣ޷˦һ·̰ҲٿֵΪоԼ޷Կ
־ܣȴԸ˿̼̰ɫٱ䣬ܵҲǿڵϸ΢仯ҧ̧֮һץ֮ʶʱһɫƿ֮ϡ
ƿͨħɢƿ⣬һЩ̵ͼЩͼȻȫǹħӣ
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ͬʱĺĴƿһĻͬƿΪ˻ɽڱ
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һЩħмĴ춯أת֮£ǿڣ̰⣬ħȻ
ÿһħ꣬ɢ൱˵һ˥Ϊת̰ܣһصħ֮籩
ħݺᣡתХ䣬ֱǰǿպȥٽɲǣǿвһӰöûȳ߳ħ籩ˣ
¶֮âһ۾ϳ籩һħЩħӣ뵱죬Ϊƣ
Ψһ㲻ͬЩħĿͫУûǵ㣡ǱһŻǵƣתĿеɲǣü֮ϵĹǵ㣬ԶĻû֮ת
Ϣɫʱһ䣡
ĸܵγ˷籩һħͫڣתȻǹ֮۶
ٹħǱĳǿĹӡʯ䣬һƬǹħ籩ɲǣڴ֮һ
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ⲻԷͨĺǹ֮üĹǵ㼱תĹ֮ȫһ춯ص
һ֮ٽħ֮籩ȻһȻͣǰУٹħһ¶޷ݵĿ־壬Ǵиܵ˹ĴڣڼǵһĻĻ˺ǳû
һħ֮籩бٹħ˷ɢ
һб仯̫죬̰ǸûзӦ벻ףԼȻһ֮
֪̰ǵʲôطѰҵЩû뵽û뵽㾹Ȼȥ¶ڸǵĿϲ֮ɫ̰һȥ


1388 Ҫ£
ǡҵĿǣˣ̰ǼӼˣۿһ׷̰͵ؾͰеɫƿһݺݵȥ
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̫ǳÿÿ֮£ʹ񣬸ǷԣٸɳΪѷͳԷ֮¡ЩǱɱҪܷ
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ֱĿǣȫȫѪߣһӵд컯û˸ķӵ˸ǿΪɱǧ򵶵ļһȻŹңȻ̫ǳ
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ṵ̂ǣкܿ׷Ǳ׳ɫƿһ˦ֱӾͰߣЦתسɴٴ׷ȥ
̰ǣΪ޵֮ǣִЦУӰʧ
̰ӱƲԼ֮޾ţгٶԣÿһȶٶᱩ޷ٶȼ۶ߡ
ǿգһƬƬƻص׷ᣬǲ֮ͬˣһٽڣ¶ֵӰȴԽ׷Խ죡
̰Ǵ˿̵ٶȣȴȻﵽ˼һ㣬ʼֱһľ룬Դɣ֮׷ѰҲ޷ʱ׷ϡ
ֲν֪ⱾǺ˸˵飬˿̵֣Ǹˣٿ̰ǣ⣬ϲ
ȻԷз֮йأȻȷ̰ǻñĵطǸطԱô󣬵˵ȴһ컯
ڰⳡ컯͸Լ̰ǣԽԽǾ˳ۣ
겻ɢ겻ɢ̰ؿڷƣڲϵشȥʹʹĸԴĿ÷
˸Ǳ¯ħǹľ鶼ŹϢҶħƿҲߣϵһ뷨˿̶֮ֻߣȫͿղݣ̰ԽԽǱߣһŭͷҧ֮Բˣ͵תĶź󷽡
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ֱƼˣȴôһ˲جӰ˫͵һӣǰ¡һһ޴Ŀռѷƾ˺
ǽ죡̰ȫ裬ͷ޷ԶǰѷڣȻͱһ
ּΪϤǹϢ
ѷڳǿյ˲䣬һɳɫ֣֮ѷڼɢ̰֮沿֮ڡ
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ǿշתһԼɴСľ޴Ӱ֣ӰӾһͷǣ
һͷǣ
ǳǿУǿһ޴У̰Ϊģ粨һɨܷԲǧʮ
ʮڣȫΪУеת֮
еģȫɢɫ֮â˫Ŀǽɫһ㣬췢һǺ
춯أһһĿ־壡
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ѪǴٵľʮɵɲǣֵ֣ºݺݵһն
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ǽâնѷڣƿһ赲ʹѷԽԽԽԽպһֱӽӴ͸
һն룡
Ƿֳ壬֮ǰǾҵĳ£紵ɰηֿɢǿ֮ڡ
ֻһĵص
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ľֵɲǣƽĻǿڻص

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Ҫ£شҼ⣬Ҳɱġ


1389 1
ҾȻʩչ⼫ΪԵĶ̰ˣп־īӣռ˫Ŀȫ
̫ɣȻӵֶͨƫƫЩ֣ǵóǿ֮ʱʩչϣ̰ԪԪʶ޷Ų㣬ֻĿִԶ߽
ǲƵĵûκϢɢƯ̰Ҳࡣ
ֵ壬ǰнСվ̰ǰʱȻ˳һ㣬δȥ̰ǣһץͰǲƵĵС
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һ֮£ɫ˱仯
ѰϸǶദӽΪ죬һˡ
˿Լ꣬һƵɼòƽȴһ˵ɢϲŨҲûľ֮УֵĿǵ˫۽Ӵɲǣȴ˺Ȼһ
ǲ
ֵǰǿĿ˲˺һУһ޷ݵǵڱ˳˫ֱӳ
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һĵУ֮ǰΨɵ֮صĵΪģ֮ҪֻǣǰȣĸоŨȴܣ˵Ƚϣ֮ϣ
ֻ̣һѰӣ̧ͷɫƽϲޱûκα顣
Ӻδõʼŵ񣬲δ̰ǣڡ
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һĹڡ̰ǳĬƬ̣İ̾һ˵
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Ŀ˸̰ǣ˵ʲôĹϸĪҪѻ꣡
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ҾǿգѰɢϳķ긴һֱ꣬һ죬ıԵ֮أһС
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̰ɫ䣬æڼû˵ѣԾθ֪˵ţľҷϲ֪һΣ
Ұڴ棬ߵƾɽ£õõ̫ɱŲƴ󶦴콵¡ȥ֮ɽ綼Ҫ궦У궦Զͷɵǰ
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һϹż˺ҵڣȥͱͽȥֲ̰ţЩ˵ҲͰˣ̰ȴ֪һԼ˵ȫġ
ʱԼúܲ˼顣
˵ȥ֮ĻĻִ̰ǵĽͣڡ
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Ҳڣ꣬ŨҵĹ۲£·һĹ
һʯƬϣһһͷ­ͷ­ӴޱȣԼɴСΪüĻǵ㡭¯ﱻҷ֣ʱ¯ڻȼƯ
ڼһ㡣
룬ҽ˸ͷ­Щͷ­ȫ͸ŨŨԹ벻ʣлһЩŵǻ˫ǣһͷ­ǰŷ̰¶׷䣬͸־塣


1389
ҵЩǵľ⣬Щͷ­ϵõֻʱ䣬ʼնΧŲƣҽڲ֪ڲʲô
ֱһ죬ʯƬ֮ƶʱ˴Ŀռ֮ҵΪɣΣΨмˣ̤롣
뵽ıԵ̾ĺ˷Ĵڶڣ̾ӲһĲ
ﲻߣֱеҪ뿪صΧоҿԽ֮أǰУɣ
СĵҪ뿪ʱȴǱһƬ籩У֮ϻԹȥʱһƬήİɭڡ
ɭ̫һۿͷʶɢҲһ޷ȫǰȫľѾûκҶ
־ǰУҲ֪˶꣬ҿΨһһûг׿ήĴֻһƬݻƵҶĵһҶҶȡߡǰδήĴҲ봢ڡ
Ҳ֪ڵƬɭ֣صطĺδֻǰϵȥأҸоƺ˰ǧһ㣬ԽǰܵĿήԽأ󣬼һ̻Ϊɻҡ
ֱһ죬ƬɭֵģӦģҿһڿһ˲䣬ֲ²⣬Ϊ񣬲ŻƬޱ޼ʵɭ֣ȫή
ҸܳǵǸǽȡߣɲǣǰһг֣ҽʱһһҿϲ֮ºԥľ̳ڡ
ʱһƬİ򣬺Ҳ֪˷֮⡭̰˵꣬֡


1390 2
üͷ壬Ŀ¶˼֮ɫ
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˿ۿֳ˼̰мΪţȴ΢ĺˣ͵һ壬Ҫӳӳ˲䣬̧һץ
ʱ̰ǲҽһ̾ͷץסֱֶۿҪȥĴĴ̰ͷ­ڡ
־֮⻯ˮ̰ûĴӦ˲ɱң
Ȼֵ־飬ʶȻԪںɨһȦѰ䣡
ͬʱֵİʶ£䣬ǿ߻ص֣̰ԪУֵԴ̰֮ǵԪϴһ㣬ɨһ
̰ӲƬ̼ͺˮʪȫҲ˲Ϣ䣬̧֣һ֮¾Ͱ̰ԶԶ׳
Ҳ֮߰ɣ
̰ɫҰףҧѪٶȺȻһ缱˸ȥת֮ͿӰ
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ҵڶαзҷĴ᲻鷢Σ´󲿷ַû̫֮ΣգҪٻضȡ֮뿪֮أ̰Ӷί֮ɫŨ֮ŲΣȷֲδ׷һΣʧӰ
ʱȴһϣһֱǰһɽȥֱӻ̤ɽΧһ˦ɽк֮ȴǴмѿһ϶
̰Ǻԥһȥ̤϶붴ɲǣȴ͵һ٣һɶϢѷڴЩѬιȥ
ôô̰ͻȻһһ£æֱ̧۷ڱǼ⣬ϸһźɫ¶޷š
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Ҳ̰֮̾ǰֵĻɫ¶ӡ
Ź̰ǺתУص˰Ыǡ̰ǲԶڽǰһ̫ǳȴԼŪķϣټ֪ϲãʹôֽܻɱ
̰ҵĸǣɱҪţһڴĵμ棬ʱֻһЩ¶΢Цҡͷ˰Ыϡ
ƶĽǧʿ뿪ȻȴӴֶָֺżΪƶʿΪԼˣбϵߡ
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ӴĿ⣬Ҳ׷¶ηµĲӴ飬Ӵ鱳ˣ峤뻰֪˷˲֮ˣǴͷ
֮ǰɢȥİЫˣҲƶһһأóҩΪˣӴߣҲͬء
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˼£ҵʵڲ֪ݣͰ˵ЩûºСĻкϡƶ峤ĿɬΪ߳Է̫࣬һָȥԴԷǧٴΣ£ȴҪСź
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ƶ峤æǰһóһƿһ˿ʹᣬҧ֮£æϡ
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Ӵһ¶ϲɫ뻳ɿһȻ˵Ϸ԰ɡ
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ӭ˿ӣЩûûĻ壬޷붨ܸоտյģÿζҪһٱ֣ſ붨Ҳ˿޷ȵСжӵ˼
ΨпˣߣСŻ̤ʵӴæǰ̧ͷʩչ޵񹦵ͬʱСڿţֵĲ졣
˿̵ƶǰưͲȡ֮ģǰĲϡ
ƶʿǵһοĳһĿɿڴǸոͳƶ峤Ҳһ£޷һô˲Ϣ䣬˷ı仯
ÿվʲôÿҼ˵·Ӵ֮ǰһƿƶʿǰƶ峤Ƶһԣ˸ղºʱϲɫ


1391 ƭ
ƶգû뿪ǣû֮ͬǰǲҡ
֣ڻ֮󣬾ʩչͨٳһӴĶʼ˱չأڶ⣬һƲ£ʹⷽԲڣκʿ̤벽
ֶ⣬ЫλߣռһƬƶ֮£Ψһס
Ӵ鼫Ϊư̤֮أһʱ֮ֱĿĸоиܲġ
ڣϥ˫Ŀ¶˼֮ǰ壬Ǵʹǰ˵º󣬱ǵ֮ؼΪҪһӣһ죬ĳϻС
еĻݻһֱάȥеģǱȡ
ֻЩ飬ֲûзϣ޹أģǻȸ֮ˣԼ᳤֮ͨѡﵽĿġ
նѾ׳˫ĿһʶĬĬɢڤڤ֮еһ˿ϵأʶںϣΪصһ֡
֮Ĳһ˿ϤϢƺңԶǿڣ֪δطٵԶȥԽԽԶ
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˫ۣʶɢ¶Цǻ굤ڵѪҺ̺˸£һ˿ԴϢ֮Ѫ⣬ûѪҺԴ档
ʶƾѪϵڸ޾Ȼܴµķλ
ѪҺڵһ˿Դһͻػȸ壬Ȼˣʱҵļƻȡȸ֮ԴӦÿɳɣ
¼ȻѪҺѾߣôҪչڶİˡĿ˸¶һ˿̧һ֮£ʱǰֱѿһ϶
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үүСˣĴˣүүŹСģСԺҲˣһҽдڻЦ
䵽үү컯үүįǧ꣬ŪһϧģСľǣүү̫ʹġ
Ĳҽд˷Ҿ御
üͷɿһ봢ռڣʱһѻȸϲ̻ص˻һڹ⣬Ӵռ伱ɳ
ϣһˣƣոձǿһ㣬ɫΪ㲣˫¶֣ץסУǰ
ӣɶҪţģСһãӵһԣ֣֤
ֲδԱߵϣ뱻ĿһɨʱӾͲĳ޷ݵĿ־壬봢ռﱻĥܴݲУʹ಻ΪĶȤÿ𣬶جһ㡣
ӡֻ֪ڡ
⻰УΪңͨһڵϣɡС֪֪ˣɸСһĹµĻᣬԺСҲȥƭ
ϥУʳָϥöĿ¶֮â룬ңû壬ƭΣ
ȥˮɫ˻ڹæ˵ɣСʲôƭǿƭ屻ߣСҲƭκˣɷŹСģСɰɣСľûа취ƭˡ
кһ˵ͷڵȻûƭ죬֮ҲûбҪˡ
¶ϲܿһ£ȴֻ˼ɫ䣬ǿеĺ⣬һæᣡᰡС˵ˣû壬СƭҲǾ춯أƺܱȣС̫壬ʶƽʱ򲻵Ѳʹ壬ƭҴСһлͻϰȻ¯ĵز
Ŷôңƭкμ⡣ʳָôϥǣƽ䶯ȴƺҲʳָĶ
ƭʵ˵ˣʹϵļһֶΣرǱ˵Ż⣬ƫӶﵽĳĿġҪʱֶлҪαװڵԼѾȫԼĻ֮󣬲ſñҲţ˵ʱ̧ͷɫһͷжʱһ¡
оƭΪ磬һ磬ƭˡڶ磬ƭԼ磬Ȼﵽ൱ĸ߶ȣ㹻翴ɽɽɽɽ󣬷豹棬ڵһ磬ƭˣ
˵򵥣ʵܿܿУƭ֮ڣڵһǻ˵ĻԼţֻΪƭƭʵСȫԴȻ
Ψеһĳ̶Ⱥ󣬶ƭ֮һ㹻ȻȻĽ뵽˵ڶ磬ƭԼһзһеľʱ޿̶ƭԼľԼţһƭгɣƺµĴɫ͸ࡣ
ұˣܴﵽڶߣûУϷЩأҲͬÿÿǰ۵һ໥ӡ֤˴˸
֮ˣڶڲ̫룬Ͼڶ磬ұ˵ΪΣգΣգԴԼԼ׵ƭ󣬺пܻʧ޷԰ΣΪӣΪСˣֻߣΪӣ
һЩұеǰڶڳ̫ȻԼһƭӣÿÿЩˣϷ򶼻ᱯ
ɱɱȻȫµĴ͸һζһĿ࣬ЦǸƭô˵ĸ޵ơ
û˵꣬͵վתŭ¶һ˿ֻ߰߰Уһֹ¶һֻᵱһɽСĹ°֮⣡
֪СϷ֮ģ
Ϸƭ֮ͯԷ֮壬ƭʿʮĿȥһľУ˺һ·أ׷Ѱģƭ֮
ش󣬳˵ǧ˭˵óǧ˭ܸϷǧУһûƭô
ޣɳΪϷޣĪǾͲǵ
ܿܿ鷱ܣжس֮ʱ飬֮󣬾ƭƭã֮УϷ׷ѰģҪһǧУƭеڼǧƭϷԸǧ֮ġ
Ŀɿڴ֣Ҳһ¡


1392 ȸ
˿̵룬һɨ֮ǰվǲƣȴһ˵ĸо֡
Ϸĵƭĵڶ磬ĪҪΪףƭԼһףѵһӶƭԼʱ޿̶ƭԼӰԼԪ񣬾䶼Ӱ죬Ӷı䣡
ͨǿʿұﵽ˵ڶ۷ʩչҲûκãòļ䣬ΪǼѾȫ
ڶұ֮ˣƭģԼ۷֮ʱҪô޷԰ΣΪһˣҪôͻ˵ڶ磬ʱѣΪΨ֮ˣſԴﵽ磬豹棡
ϷʹԼĲᣬʶƭֹ̫ĻҪץңҲôף
ȡ壬ȥȴǸһĻᣬǴռڣƭﵽ˵ڶ۷壬̤İ벽һ˦˫֣ɫһ֮ɫ
е˼ĿһЦЦ쿪ڡ
ȳ֮󣬺ûлڣһº󣬿Ŀ⣬˲ͬһȭӵѵۣⷬĳéٿǧУƭãããҲ֪׷ѰĵǷҲǧ֮У
жʱ¶ϲɫ˸ˣ֮ǰĹ°˲ӵϻһ˿־壬ͽССƭֵҳݣүԺĪҪ۸СģСľˡ
̫ͻȻٴһ㶣˼䣬ȴһʱ֮䲻֪˵Щʲô
¶֮âϸĿ뼸ۣ˵ҿԸһᣬãºұɣһ컯
һ𣬿֡
ֻƭһ˻һڣҪȥƭһ壡ɸңƽУȴпһ
⡭ʵƭ˭ûйϵֻҪһƭ֣Ҫϸ׼ԥһ£
ûϵµʱ׼֮ǰ˵ƭĵڶ磬ҪƭԼԼȫΪ棬ҾҲˣôھһ䣡ĿɫĻ͵һֱӴĿйһ˺ХֱӾͰγһ޴Ļ̺ˣ¶һ˿Ȼ
ɷΪȻָˣ
ʱ仺ţת۱һ£һУ뿪ⶴȥһɸһ߳̾ͱ赲ĵء
֮ϵ۰Ͱ͵棬
һգУͻȻɫһ䣬͵תȴ󶴸ȼһµľ޴ɫϻ淭֮
ûãǻ̷ҺȴǻϵĻ𺣳𣬻һֻ޴ȸȸڻַ裬һȸ֮
ţ¶һӰӰʼлģ仺һ߳ȴԽԽ
˫ͫһһ£оǴӻ֮߳Щ죬ϸһ˫͵͹
Ӱ߳վǰǲƣɴʱϣȴ˿޷ɢơ
òǸòɸĸоȴ֮ǰ룬˿̾ͷΪһʦһͨʿ
վһεѹʹ֮ߣһ
һɻ滷⣬ǻȸӣ˫Į͸ƽĺâɫǲŭ˫Ŀһ㣬һɨ֮ϣȻ
ΪƮʱǿʱѰֱ仯ʹȫɵòһصζ˫۾Įȴ͸һ˿ɣ
ɣѰʿӵУΨǴ꣬͸ԪΪƳ֮ˣſԲһƣ
ƣƣǴ̫̫֮ȻȻ֮С
׵ĴȻֲԷǲڴռڱԼ۸룬ܶͬ˵ĸоȴǴ޷ݡ
⡭㡭ʱĿ⣬ɨһۣһ֮£̾ͷƤ֮Уʶ˺󼸲
ϷȸʥȸѰĴȸ̫ǳ˿δ뻺ڣ͸һ֮ϵ֮УָоΨгõӸλƿһſȻȻӵС
˿̵ԼһƭӣȫȻı䣬Լȸʥ֮Լȸ
дͨʿʩչѻҲҲκõһм䣬ȫʵ
Į̧Ųǰȥ
˿̣ⶴɫĻڣֵ
źȸߣһкΥأĨȥڣ
һæǣ棬߳˶ЩԶ򿪣ʹöԶԶȥ
⣬û֪һڣϣʲô
ֱ뿪򽥽СջһƬȫĿڣȻϥɫƽֻУȴ֮âһ
ڶնҲųˡȸ壬ǿɲҪʧ
¶Цһǰִռ䣬ڷɳһǵ̰֮
̰Ǵ˷ķ٣Ҫһһʶӡ֪պ֮սУǿ֮Ч
ȻǿķĻҲóĿһ˶һƭϴﵽ˵ڶ磬ıڵļ䣬̰ǲܡ
Ѱ̰ǵļ䣬֪˵Ϊ棬ҸǴ̰Ǽڣ֪㣡
һ㣬ڣӽ֮еĵط
һ㣬̫ǳ̰ǴصĹĹ֮߳
㣬Ӧöã̫ǳǸ㣬ȥ̽Ѱһ˵ջȥĹпܣǴ˵еĹ֮Ĺ¶˼Ŀǵɨ
񣬵˭Ϊλƹ֮Ĺ֮⣬ְ˼⣬ãչʶ
ʶҪɲǣ˫ͻȻ¶⣡
ʶҲ˵Ŀо˸̧ǰһӣȴǰ˵ڶռѷ죡
ռѷ죬ֵ٣ֻΪһ׼
£ѷڻɢɫ֮УһŮӣѷڳ˫㣬߳һЩ֮Ů
㣬ʶֳڡ
Ů˿ڶĿƽ߳Կ񣬵һɲǣȴ˫ͫ͵һ˲ϢĴͣ̾ļ
ðˣȥΣԺһЩɻû񡣲£ģûΪܵӰ죬ԼҲ⡣


1393 ߲ʣ
е̶̺һɼĿ־壬֮ˣŮĪ˺ھδȫָȻڿһɲǣļС
Ů־䣬ʼδҴδڶԷϼ˫ͫһ͵վһ֮Ѹپ˵
ŮӴ˿Ȼ˶ľͷ˫ĿĿ־壬ӾҵĲɫɷףһۿȥеһҶۣ
ҪǰŮͻȻ̧ͷп־Ũ޷˻Ҫ
һֶؼһĲΣ֣ƺһ̣Ҳ޷ŮΡ
ĬĬվ⣬ֻǵҪ֪ǵݣȴûϵŮӵĿ־塣
͵͵Ŀ֮Ůϴ£˳°ͣ۳飬ڵϣһ΢졣
ڵˣγһƬʪۣɢ
Ҫ㲻ҪûзŲҴ򿪵ġҡŮҧ´˫ֱӣ󶴸ǽڣضӣֹס£˫΢һĻ֮㲻ɻ֮⡣
ֳĬ֮һ̾Բ𡭡
Ůӵ˫ڣ֮ȻŨĿ־塣
ֻǰȥŮߣĬĬĶŮ˿ḧȥҪ£ѾȥˡҪȥ룬ȻѾǣˡ
ֵο£ŮӽƽȻڲ̧֮ͷ˫Ŀ¶ŨŨĿ־壬ҧ´ݣȻѴҧƣѪ
ŲҴ򿪵ġĲҡŮૣֵ˫ۣ˿־֮⣬һ˿ãȻ
ֵ֪֪ڣ˫ȴ¶֮âŮȻʶǵпܣ֮ˣйӴ
ˣ˭Ŀһ
֪򿪵ţҪȥˡ
ˡɱˡŮӷûֵĻãȻŨ־彻һ૵
ˡҲˡˡ
϶Ǵ򿪵šˣҲˡ
ֳĬƬ̣ǰŮһۣ֮󣬺Ȼ˵˭
ǡŮ͵һп־ȻŨͬʱͻȻŤһɾʹڷȻ˽û
ʹ£ŮٴηļУԸȥ䣬Ըȥ˼йǸһϢ
ʹУŮ沿̾һƣƤߣɲǾγһӡǣӡȫռŮòȫʹԭŮӣʱͬɲһ
͵̧ͷ˫ڿ־ã˲ɢȡ֮ģûκеĮţ̧ͷ˲䣬һ籩ȻľʹŮڱ
һ̾͸ܵһɼΪǿҵΣ˺ԥӺˣ˵̣Ůֺ̧ݺݵһ
һư£ûκԪȴǺȻһշƵԭǬһɲǣȴǷīˮۣɲǾͳΪ˺ɫ
ɫڸ⣬أʹǣΪ˺ڰǺڰУڵպ¡һһֱ֮Ҫǿ£ձ˺ѳһ޴ѷ죡
ѷѰĿռѷȫͬڣһǿն޷ӣƿѷ죬ͨһĪ⣬ײһռ䣡
ѷֵɲǣһںХ˲ϢֱӳֵĶ䶴Ľƣûκ赲֮ʱͱ͸Ů֮ϣ
һ˵ʵȴǵʯ䷢Ů̧˲䣬ˣ
ⲻԪǹħ֮ͬҲǹ֮˫ͫӼˡ
ŮȻ£⻷Ƶʱһ𣬻һɫӡֱֺ׷ȥ
ת֮£ӡٽ˫ȫԪӿ˫һӣȴ⣬һ޴Уӡ̾һ
һбӡ˿𣬴͸
ʼˣǽбĳֱӾʹⶴ˳Ŀ˸һʹͫڻûǰγ˾޴ͼ
ŵ֮׻ƣʹͼ춯أת赲סӡ
֮Ҫ£ͼӡһɢ˴󣬾Ȼٴ׷
˫ۺһҽһ̤ͣ˰գٺˣ̧һץȴѪ죬ҫһеͬʱѪ⽣̾ͳС
סѪ⽣ӡ͸ͼٽɲǣߣѪݺݵһն
Ѫ˲ĿѪγѪɫâֱӾӡ֮ϣص£ѪһٺֱӾӡһΪ
ӡһڵȴδɢ۳ֱӷϰգҪ»صնǾ޴ѷ֮С
͵̧ͷйɬɬ⣬Ѫɤӿ֣ȴסɫ¶䣬Ѫֱӷ۵Сѷɲǣ̧Ͽպݺݵһץ

һȴһ޴ƣؼ䣬͵һץֱӾץУ
ץסɲǣǾ޴ѷ죬Ȼ£ʧյڣҲɢܿͻָ糣أٴαҫ
ɫСһΣ·ڣһ֮£ȴüͷ
ŮȻ赹ڵأɫһƬңʶĲȻ૵
ҡҴ򿪵šҡ
ŮߣϸĿһƣһһŮϡ
һУüͷ壬Уŵ
Ԫ֮⣬һ֮ҲǱԴȴ뱾ԴƣʲôǷǵйءŮ̫ܡʲôݣ
ԶŰôֲ²ⲻ͸
Ů˵жжҲ𣬶ʶ³¿ȥǲ˼򵥣
ĪǴŮû֮ǰ֪ж
к˸ǻԵŮӣֱ̧֮ӾͰŮӵ飬ʩչʼûŮùģ
޳Ҳ㣬֪أдãҵΪʩչ֮¿ɲ񣡡
˫Ŀһգʶ˳ֱӾͽŮ顣


1393 
ŮʶһƬǣʱ˸ʶںɨҪѰŮӵļ䣬ƾʶ̽飬ûзκйصϢ
˻ǣǻǡ
ʶӣҲ֪ȥ˶ãȻʶ͵һ˷۶ֱǰһɫ
ɫâ΢ʶ⻷ƼȦСĴһȥһȥʱⱩȴǴвϵ˸ֱʶ
⣬֮ǰΪƣ
Ǵ˷ٵ˲䣬ʶƮ֮£˿һ㼱ߣܿٽӡ
Խ̽Խ࣬鼸ӳһƬХгɰΧ֮ƣʶĻᣬ
ʶһɲǼнʶ˲Ϣ۳룬Χһ̣ʶֱӳһ
֮ʱصַŮ֮ϣ˫Ŀ֣ɫʱ԰ףѪ£˫Ŀȴʼսգû
ŮʶУֵʶɢ˴룬ƿһȱڣдʶŴ˵ֱӳȥ
࣬ȴһλƵ˲䣬ֵʶƿ˲뵽ɫ
ڽɲǣֵʶȻһһĻ޷ǣ𺳵Ļ棡
ɫȻϥһˣ
߲ۣ꣬ϥȫ߲֮âԪҲʵʣһӡ
У͵˫ۣĿ¶𾪣ִŮջأ˴ʩûѰŮӵļ䣬ջȴǼ
ŮڵӰ֮ˣһһֳĬ
߲ʡڿӰ˲䣬еһͷǣ𣡵뷨ֻƬ̣ͱ
ǿûǿֽһ񣬾ͿֺȻĵزûܣεʵ޼Ա֮£Ȼ׷ֱ档
߲ʡ߲ʡ޵һ߲ʣϲ߲ʣҲ߲ʣһЩͨҲ̺߲ʡ߲ʽֵĵ
߲նĿ˸ã߲ڣ̺һ֮£
֮ǰ⣬ĪǾ߲֮еһüͷ֮̾һһ˦ͰŮ봢ռڡ
¶˵̫Ī⣬˼ã»Ȱ̰ǵķȡȸԴΪأֳĬ죬ȥ˼йص֮£ǰ̰ǵķһһóʼµļо
ʮŽ̰ǵһͷ­֮⣬ͷ­Ŀûǵ㣬ͷ­ʮŽմȾѪһ󣡡һӣǾʮŽ̾ͻ⣬ÿһѽӶһɭɭ
Ŀ¶⣬ʶ͵һɢʮŰѽϸɨ
ȷǹһ屦ӵŨл޷ܣҵڶɣǹִ˽Ȼ
˱һһӣʮŰѽӡƺ봢ռ䡣
ɢ˷ѣסȻص˽ں󣬹ڶգϧڶϵϣĻҲ˿תȥ
֪ЩڶΡֳĬóǶʯ
ſʯܣɢϤϢǹϢ
̧һʯȥ̰ǵļУ⻤ʯǴһƬʯϣһͷ­á
ǹͷ­ᣬƺδȫ꣬еķŭã㲻ɢ
ʯĲʡҹһ֮ɡȴǶ󣬸ʬɱĻϻŨŨԹƽ̾͡
ֻ̰Դ˱ΪȴûصĹͨһӣ̾;ſʯʱâɣϢŨŨɢ֮Уſʯת
ȻСұ֮ϣſʯ໥ϣɲǾγһۣ⻤ͨҰףǣ
ǰסȭͷʹȭһȦָҲǻȭ֮ʣ֮ص
ϻڶ˺ۼнۣѷ죬֤˵꣬⻤ĹУһδս
֮ڣ̲һʽͨ뵱ڵλԶһһֱ֮ϧͨȴסǹɫӣ֮תӿǻڡ
ǹ֮֮ӣͿ˾ļڣûСֳǻڵͨУһ󣬲ѹ
ͨӰϣνǿ֮
˿Լ֣ĶϵĻ۷ڻʧұڣѪ֮С
̧ǰһץ̵
¯
¯֮ǰһ֮ʱȻĶ֮УܵһɼϤϢϢ񷨱УҲΨ񣬲ſԸ
û뵽̰ǾȻõһܲǴǺԼĵȷȷ
¶ȣ¯üĹǵ㼱תƬ̺ǹɢ¯ϡ˱ǹҫʱ֮Ȼתͬǹһ磬ֱü١
СһǵеĵһǣȻںһ
ɭڵܳ񣬶֣ڷ߱Դͬδ֮·ҲȻͬ
һڹ֮Ȼ֮ڻص֮ʧͷ޷ԶΪʵ
ܱȲѪǷڵ鿪츫ȴͿ˾ì࣬ȫҪǣ˱ص֮һ֣
ϲɫԽŨһ˦ǰ˵ļһʵ֮תħǹ
һħݺᣬǴʹôƾơ
ħ֮ϧûйħĻ˱ħ֣ȻԷǿ֮
ħҵжϣܰѹ֮ȫںһ𣬻ܷɹţ¶âħ¶˼
ɣһ˿л걻ʮһĤݣ֮ʹǹΪңӶ̫ȻȻĳΪ֮
ڹħһԼһȻץһ𣬾͸ˣֳ̧һץ̰ħƿǰ
ħƿһ̶ڵħıӿ֮£ħӰɢУħˮ㣬ǡ
ǿԶԶȥⰵЫȻһƬħƣΪˣ
ħ壬һ֮ħ꣬ħٿعħȻлᣬħһħ壬Ϳɳҵ
ֻǡмֳɹĿܡֶħƿ¶ɡ


1395 
Ƭ֮¶ᶨ̧ǰһָħƿϣħƿھ˻Ȼ̶߱˴͸ֱ֮Ӿͳ
ө֮Ҳԣһ㲨ƣ֮ײ֮
ţħƿжʱкһħ֮һ̵֣
ɫ糣Ⱥħٵɲǣ˫Ȼ̧ǰ͵һӣ̾һɿХЩħ꣬ʹǱ˫֮С
ڣƽȴһɺ
仰ڣ˫Ŀ¶֮âε֮Ȼͱʩչ֮ⶴڻصںһħ꣬ٴηҪӱг˫ͬΣ˿
˫Ŀһգȫں֮У£ħ걻ϵںһʱ仺ȥת۾졣
Уһֱʩչں֮ûаɣһգ˫֮еħ꣬Ȼһ״֮ţʱͻȻ״֮Ȼ˸Ĺ⣬ĹԽԽɲǾͼӳա
һɿ񱩵ϢȻ״֮ڱͬʱһħ֮ںһ˻͵ش
Ҫҹħһ壬ܣ
Ѫ˫Ŀ͵һ˼ҧ⣬ֱӾһѪ״֮ϣѪڣ̺˱Դֹ֮Ѫ
״֮ɲǣʱҵļд״֮ǻʱԱһ㡣
ĹǼ߽⣬һƬѪɫȡѪɫת֮£״С֮СɫȻһƬ
˿̧ǰһץ̾ͰħƿץԪһ£ֱӿƿУʱдƬħЩħһ֣̾ͱѪɫ״Сա
ħڣ̺ǧħ֮꣬ҽǧ֮ںϣͿɳҹħִ֮꣡һ˦Ȼⶴ⣬ӰûγһŨ֮ħ
ʱħлţһ¹ȥ
֮֮ѡвʱգⰵЫչأȻ¡У֮ڣһ£
ڵ֮رԵһϣĳһ죬ͻȻһŨŨĻȻɫ֮оͰǰڡ
ֻ沢ûά̫ãǰʱ䣬ɢعƽʱ䣬ȴ֮ڣеĻ֮ˣľ
ǻ붨ڼۣ˺ʲôϻ汬һɲǣȫȻһڻ֮ܲٿأȻľ
ڷ򳯰ݣƺܵٻһ㣡
飬лޣһǻȸˣǸΪԣǻȸ֮ǰֽ׵ĳϣڴͻȻ֮ȫ͵𣬻һͷչɣʹǳɫ䣡
˵֮ػȸĸ߶ע⣬ǻȸ峤ϸǲ˼뿪չ֮żֱǶȥֻȥ֮ƾβ鿴һ񣬵ȴǸܵһ˿뵱ǻ굤ڣһһıԴϢ
ͬ⼸գ̫ǳȸڣҲһȫ߲Ĵ£
Ǵӵ֮һ·ͻĻȸˣ֮Ͻ̾͵ȴټҲ֪Ƿܵõӡ
̫ǳȸռݵڣȸ֮ϣ鲼һȸһ񣬼ߣͨȼա
ǵ֮£һ˿̴ϥһߣ⣬ȫǻȸ峤
ǰƯһͬȼյѪĶѪҺ¶֮ɫ
ǡԴ
˫Ŀ¶⣬͵һѾץѪҺǰһȻʧӰ
ʱȴǵڲ˵ڲȻͿգŨŨĻ𺣣ǻ֮ˣҲܲס
ڻм˸ʱڲĻ棬ȻΪɫΪ£
ɫģԿһ˸󷨣֮УϥһӣͬΪɫһɾϢڻתš
ƺȥɫĻ棬Χȭ˵棡
߻ڣվһȴټ
֮ɫϥ˫Ŀ˫ۿصɲǣ˫Ŀü֮䣬֮Ȼͬʱӡǣ
ӡǣɫȴǼΪüĻ棬ɫĿ棬ɫĿ棬һƬӰڣϸȴԿһ˿ۼ
ƺδȶģ塣
һ˿ȴΧߣڿ֮һ𣬵ͷٲȥڶۡ
ʥ֮У峤ϷټҲ̤벽㣬ôƽ
¶ˮ촽æϢŭһʱļֻѰһѪҺѪҺΪ죬Բ鿴
ɫ糣һﶼ޷ɫı仯ĿĮ䣬ͫڵĻΪǿҵĶԱȣʹô˿Ϊ졣
С£Ҳ˷磬峤Ҳ⣡ѪҺó£гͷȥɡ
ɫ̲԰ףı⣬̧ͷһɫ𺣵棬ȴǵǣ̧һ֮гһȼյѪҺʹƯߵͷ¡
ӺǰһץѪҺ˲Ϣ͸ɫ𺣣УɫƽǵѪһɨһɨ֮£ȴ͵һ˫ͻȻֱĶ˹ȥ
⡭ǡϵƽ˲ȡ֮޷ţæѪҺǰʶȻɢϸѪҺɨٱе𾪸Ũ
ȸ֮Ѫȸ֮Ѫ͵վӣѪҺߣͷһºٴһ
ûıԴˣȸ֮Ѫȸɫ̧ǰ͵һץ
ȻҪ߳ǵصףҪصϵĻȸ峤˿ûڣۣ̾ͻȻкХһ֮»ͷ˫ͫ͵һȴ󣬻𺣻һ޴ƣֱӾͽץסȻء
˲ϢƾͰߴɫ֮⡣
ѪҺǴõû߷Ӧ漤һ£һδı仯æ˴ӵ֮شأ
Ŵ˻̾ʹЦ͸ϲӡǣҲȼ
ããã㲻Ϸѡ峤ĺã̷ϧһдۣǰ֮أѰѪҺԴ
ǻȸ峤æǣҪ£Ŀһѹеļ֮ҲȥΧӦǣȥҲҪϸ鿴Ƿı


1396 ӿ
ЫǣʱڣʼձһƬħγɵĴԶԶȥĪ⣬飬Ҳħ˱֮⡣
һգ֮ѡյĵ죬ЫŨŨħͻȻ˾ҵı仯ԶԶȥϵħ춯صĺХͬʱЩħڲӿȥ
ͻıʣ̾˰Ыƶĸ߶ע⣬һɢʶҪ۲֮ʱȴȻ֣ؼ䣬еħɲǾֱֱչصĶȥ
Ƕڣһкڶеħ٣
Ƭ̵Ĺؼڵ޾ħȻʧӰȫֵĶУһǴϿ¿ȥĿħ糱һ޴Уеģֶ
תת֮䣬һоͽЩӦ
ڵĶڣħۣγ˾ʶ޷͸ŨϥǰƯһɫСˡ
СģԪ񣬸һ壬ӣȻһһֻɫ͸Ű񣬸
˿СſڣϵӿħƬ̺ⶴڵħһ㣬ȫС˿С
С˵ʵƺ㣬ϱŰ֮ɫŨ͵תֱĶ֣һ˻£ֱƺ֣Ҫɡ
ٵɲǣ˫Ŀ͵¶Ŀ磬ֱӾС˫һ
һ£ҲʩչʲôͨǽҪСˣʱͲҽ̾ȥһԡ
Ҵ㣬ҲȻԻ㣡վӣ̧һץ̾ץСˡ
С¶־壬ץɲǣͻȻһȴ˺һ˷ߣתۼ䣬Щߵڱܿƺڶ۳͡
һ֣̾ͼ۶ӣһƬħԼٶۿҪʧӰ
ɫƽ¶ЦһӡǣǰſڴһʱʹԶߣһĲҽС
ʱȴȻӳԶħСˣԼ˻ǰӲģʱɢ
һͿҷ𣡡¶䣬ڡ
ħС˲Ϊңæͷġ
̧һץħǹȻͳǰһָħСˣħͨ¶ԥ
һ
ħʱһӻһڹ⣬ֱħǹȥת۾ȥɲǣħǹӵһ㣬һɼΪǿϢϢ䣬ֱӻһɫħƿ˶̾ᣬһ춯ص˻
ϣЫ֮һĿɿڴǳ޾ѹĺ𺳡
һԵƶʿͬˣ¶Ȼ֮ɫĿ˻ĺһ˵Ŀ־֮Уɵ
Ǻ̺ıŰ񣬸ŨŨѪؼһ飬һ㣡
Ӵ˿ĭ¶˷ܣͬԽǿԽǸоҫ˿̼֮£̾͹ڵأĺӷɣ޵У
յĺ˻УӽɢһƬâֱֶڣʧ
ڵԪԣ˿̶һħСˣС˫ĿգԪѹƣ޷а㷴
ɫƽĿȴһ˿⣬ħܻδɣȴ˳Σμ֮󣬿ɳķ
֪ħһǷԤǰ㣬ɹţ촽̧ǰһץǰ
һƬݻƵҶһӡˣ
֮ڣ᳤֮ѡνʢ䣬֮С壬ʸ᳤֮λߣ׷ĥȭ
֮ʢĵطǵ֮ڣΪĪĴǣ
̫ǳ󣬸ǳصо֮ǣйǴԣ̫ǳΪ
κһۿ֮ˣԶ𺳵Ļ棡
Ҫ֪̫ǳǣԲ򣬼һЩģҲ³ԲһֵֺкܶͨʿоҪ׷Ѱеء
ȴֻһЩߣ޷֪ȫֱᣬڶо֮£һΪת
Ϊһ򣬶ʱ޿̵ת֮Уת£УκβǣΪԲΡ
ڴϣȴȫı䡣ǣȥͬһΣ޾Ͽ¿ȥǴǾͬһϵָ룬תš
û֪ΪλˡʥأҲǵضڡ
ƽ޷˺֮ԪʹһʿʧЧΪҲᱻѹơ
Ψÿһε᳤֮ѡ˺Ԫ֮Żɢܶ࣬м̶ͨʹ˽ڡ
᳤֮ѡ˲ٶС⣬һЩ̫ǳ֮ˣҲǰսЩ˴ܵЩС룬Щʱ򣬻ս
ڴ£۴δᣬأҲͳĬĹءһǷǵ֮ص䣬ΪϣĻɣ
ÿһε᳤֮ѡҲǰΪߣһǱ¶ϿɣԵ۵أһ棬ҲΪ˽۲Ƿĳ塣
˳⣬ÿһεĳ֮ѡҲһЩͳһЩ̫ǳǿ١
Щ飬ȫȻȥᣬƺ᳤֮ѡֻһֶѡ
ǿУڰЫƶ£Ŵǣǰжȥ
֮⣬̫ǳУһŮӣվһ˽ͼľ޴֮ϣĬĬǰü𣬲֪Щʲô
ԣվһӣͬǰɫ
˾ǵɱҷ³ʲô˵
вġǳŮĿǰǿվͷ֮صķĬĬõ۱ӻˣҵۼһˡǲ֪Ƿ֮ˡ
̫ͬǳڣһ͵Уε֣ǰȥ
ٻ÷ĬĬĸ档
ԶһƬ˼ڣһӼΪӴ󣬿ɱһǴСޣطУ޳Բɴ֣ҡҷš
£
ıϣһ۵ߣòΪ죬Ϊɫһ㡣
󣬻վȻʹ֮ˣˣֿȻἫΪ죡
һľӡ䶫Ǳġ죡


1397 
᳤֮ѡǰһ죬ڰЫƶĴӵ£˴⣬һۿԶǣ˫Ŀɵһ
ǣһƬ֮Уȥģ֮⣬ƣֻõڣȴʱһ޴ѷ죬ɭɭڣ֮ʱһС
õУ߶ĻɫϸߣЩϸϸĿǲʵʣԪų˺
δٽֱܵõڣһɼΪ˵˺ѵأʿ߽ͨ⣬
ⲻΪɣҲǷʹȻһ֮컯֮ܡ
˫ͫһϸĹ۲˺ܾãͣõ֮⡣
⣬˿ȻĶʿЩʿʮٳȺɢڸвߣ̸
һۿȥʿ飬һ˵ĵ̾һЩʶЩʶڰЫƶɨһһջء
֣Ϊ˿Կ
ɫ糣ǰ
ǰÿһ᳤֮ѡڴǽУֻ޷ʿͨԪ˺ѣΨеȫٺ󣬲Żڲͳһһͨһһ롣
Ĳ˶ãƾͻͨˡЫ峤ߵ˵
һͷĿڴʿһɨ˵ʿǲˣڶ࣬ǿУȴȻ΢
û뵽ƶ徹ȻܿϲõضЫ壬ΪȤʱһ̶ǰȴһȺǧڣ߳һµӡ
òѰ˫Ŀȴ綾һ㣬ź⣬ü֮һӡǣʹô˿Ϊɭ
ų˵֮ͣ£Ŀһɨ
ߵİЫ峤ɫһ䣬˵ӣһ
ǻϣһγ֮ѡУƶ彻սʤͬʱѡҲĦЫ峤
ֵԣȻվƶ峤ϵĻɫƽͷһﲻ
˵ƶȥ̰Ϊ̰ڣش˷ڳ֮ѡڱصãҿˣ̰ǰЦЦڡ
ﲻ󣬿ȴ̺Ϊص
˵شڵʿǵ֮صС壬Ϊ᳤ϵλã˵κһʸȡ֮λ䣬˴֮䶼ǵӡ
ܹ̽һЩԷϢܶ࿴һЩǳڻó֮λǻϵĻ֮ˣ׷׿ƶ֮
̰֮֮غպգƶ壬ӡ
ϷҲ˵̰ǵѳΪƶĹ̰ǵϷһֱҪȥݻᣬƶӣ֪̰ǵΪû˵֮ˣһɫ۵ߣɫв԰ףȴǺ
üΣˮһӡǡ
̰ǰҪȥλҲĪҪٲˣƶ峤̧ͷɨһۣ˵һ󣬱ͷ
һĻ˵߿˫ͫһ
ˮ֧峤ʮϣЫ峤߽ܡ
ɫƽһͷ
˭̸Ϸ䣡Ǵ峤ʮһĿ磬ֱӾ밵Ы峤ϡ
ССЫ֮ˣϷ򻹲Ǵ峤ĿһڣĿ⣬ȴϡ
Ы峤ɫһ䣬ôʿ棬ԷȻ᳤֮ȥȻȻǼ裡
ıʣʿע⣬׷״ſֵ˼Ŀɨ
ǻ¶΢ЦҡͷССЫ壬ʸ֦ҲҪѡһЩȥƶ壬ʵǲǡҲܹǣڵضЫ壬һȺĿ֮
ôҲã㣬Ϸʮϣ峤ֱָ̧֡
һǰЫ峤ɫָ¶ǵͷƶ峤Ҳ̧ͷĿ͸һ˿غĵ⡣
¶΢Ц˵ߣ˵֣˵ô
ʮĿһſƶ峤޵ɨһۣҿվ֮ԴΪһ㣬ʶųԡ
Ϊʮϣ˷ѡΪ˿ΣҪһܰЫСƶ岻̰ǳΪ֮⣬ǡõѡ
߿ֶȻǱûٵָ̰֮ˣ͵̰һֻƶ밵Ы峤Ŀеĳȴһ˿
˶Ȼָ̰ɣ̰ǿ»᳤ϣҲ£뵽һ
Ҫʸ֮ˣſ˵ǲ֪ûʸ񡣡
˵ܸĳ峤֮ˣϼ޻֮Ҳ˲²⣬᳤һΪָ̰ɶ
زҵ֮ˣȰǿҪ֪̰ǣֳ£ҲΨйġǻĿ˸˷⿴ƶΪʮϵ
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˭˵ǰûʸ񣡡һͺ𣬴ԶȻХ֮죬ȴһ磬ԼǧʿԶǿռֱۣ˵ء
ͷһ꣬ԣﵽ˥ٵߣһƺ˲Ϣ٣վԡ
ǰ־ϴ󹪣ȭ̧ͷɫΪ峤μǰ
ǧУдͨʿȫɫ͸η壬뱧ȭ˵ҵȲμǰ
һĻ˵ʿһɫ˱仯
壡
ھųϵ壡
峤ھųǰ⣬ѡ峤
´ܹ֮㣬ǵھųΪ⣬ȴǼΪأ֪
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˵˭Ȼݼ
Ḭ̄ûйϵ
ǻһ֮£ĿȻо˸Ǵߣɫʱֿ֣дηˣȻһµĲ²⣬ͻȻи֡
²⣬̾ˮͷ˲һ£¶Ȼ𾪣һ˿š
һˣ
ʱԪ˺֮ͻȻ͹֮ƴܲϵɢţڣһͨȻ˺͵һ壬ֱ¶
ͨڣ߳ʮɫʿͷ֮ˣĴʹߣ˳֮󣬿ˣֱֶȥ
һĻʮϣ͵ؾͿһ¡


1398 ëѾͷ
ǴʹٶȺܿ죬ֱֶȥƬ̼ٽ¶֮ɫʮֱȭЦ¼ٵ۴ˣ
۶Щдͨ߳ʿ׷׼ʮפ㣬ɫȭμٵ۴ˣ
ǿգȻһƬţ˵䣬ʿһɫȻ䣬һˣ¶޷֮ɫ
ٵ۴ڣǰͱֱӷ򣬸֪䣬ȴû˵˭ʶ£Щʿǵһμ
١ٵۣǻӣʱɫҰף¶Ȼʱļڸ֮£亹ӶͷڳֵĿ⣬Ȼ͡
ʮϣɫ䣬ʶ˺󼸲𶯣¶־壬ôҲû뵽ԼĲ²⾹Ȼ棡
֮ʱҾӦ뵽ǵھųΪǰ֮ˣű۰⣡ҡҾȻô
⴨峤ɬ촽һʱ֮Ļ
ٵ۴˶ˣʵԪ˺ѿͨҪһʱ䣬ʶŻһЩǴʹȭĽ
˻ڣʿŷӦͨʱ䣬δʱӦȼʱŶԡ
Ȼǰͨٵۡ
ҵ֮أֻٵۣ³˵
ٵȻ֮ǰҪܴӣĻҲǰͨ鵱Ǵδ
ٺ٣ʮʵǲۣٵۣҿճ
ǻϣҲҪꡣ
Ǵʹߵ仰ȻʿˣɫƽǰǼݼʿһͷ
ٵۣǣǴʹæ˳·
ƽǰȥĿ£ǴʹߵУԪ˺ѵڿٳͨ
һĻǵʮ˿ңΪֲּǳ֮ˣΪԼ
ϾԼô˵Ҳ᳤ϣԷٵۣҲҪԼֱ棬Դ£Ҳ˵
լʺ˵ٵۣҲǸ֮ˡУͻȻ˫ͫ͵һ
ȴָ߳ȻŲһ٣תʿڣǻӡ
Ŀ䣬ϵɲǣӲˮڳ࣬ܣԷĿͬʵʣһѰ˲ͽԼ͸ʹȫ˺⡣
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Ѵ£ʹ䣬ڣʱ߾һһΣֱӶȥ
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ﲻȡ峤֮ѡƽĿڣܵȴĴʿС
ֱӶȥʿŲһ٣ûκԥ̵ˣص
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Ҫ֪Ҳֻһ֮£˵סȴΪȫˣЦУֱȭɬĹлٵۿ
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ƶ峤һ㶣ͷڳ亹ֵ֪ǿ󣬹ʶɨһۣìͷָ֣ñȥǣȴû뵽޵ֿ˳
˿ԣҧ̧֮˫ָɽԥĵ磬һȴھϡ
лٵۿ֪ˡƶ峤ɫ԰ף
ɫƽתԪ˺еͨ
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ûٵΪѣЩʸߣ˵Ǵյ㣬ûһɹ˼Ǵյ㣬Ҳͨ
ٵְ𼫴Դͳ֮ʿ̫ǳĳᣬҲٵۺǿ
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ֻͨڵ̫ǿͨԪ˺ڣΪֲʶɢһ۲죬ǰȥ
߳ʮɵɲǣͻȻɫһתͷԶһ춯صĺХ˲Ϣ䣬Զ
Х֮Ϊˣ̾ʹ˴ļž˵Ŀ⣬ǴʹߣҲɫһ䡣
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ԽԽת֮£ٽ˴ǣϣվŶˣ
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⣬һȦȦģ˿Щ˿̺һŤգ
֮£ЩõպȻ֮ࡣ
֮ܣʿ̾ϳ˿Ϊɫʱ䡣
СŮ䣬ݼۣӦ᳤֮񣬼λ֮صѡǳŮᣬ¶΢Цڡ
˾īӣݼۣŮӣɫĮĿ⿴ǣ˲䣬ֱɱ
˴ͨڵģ֣
Ҳ˾īӣ
˵Ŀ⣬ŲԶͬѷ֮ԻصĽâȻ䣬ײһ
С֣˾īĿ¶ƴڼ̺ŨŨɷ
°ֻܽѿ֮Ϊܣɫƽ쿪ڡ
㣡ɸһս˾īǺ֮£Ƿɱ˿̱𣬶ʱɱ
ԳЦ¶ڵɸҽԪ˺֮ԻΪ˵˥һս
һܶʱȻ
˾īһ٣˵ɫȴ˼㣡
ң
λԴǺϬǲ֪ΪΣɷ֪ءǳŮӣϴ΢ЦɫĿ⣬ϣֻЦݣֿ̬֮˶ġ
˾ΪԹŴУδɵĻëѾͷǲǧ꣬ҲƽƵѣʦѯǰôɫĮ


1399 Ż
Ůһ㶣ɫһĨܿͻָ糣¶΢ЦһǷСŮܽˣ֪ǰɷ֪䣿
Ůѯ֮Ȼֵע⣬ûŹһЩͨʩչķͨ˾̫֮ǳΪأĪ⡣
뵽ԷԼ֮ǰ֮Ŀһ㣬ɵΪ̵һˣӣ
ʵ޵ӿ˵͸ҼΪɵߣˮȣּɵĳ̶ˮҲ硣
˿ɫƽȴǼΪ裬ɨŮһۣ˵ľ֣֮£ܣ֪Լ˵ֿȴоͬ
ŮĿһĬľüͷ΢ɲһ塣
˲׿˵ʵ֣޷ʩչ˾
תȥŮ˾īӣͨ۶ȥǴʹæں棬ԽԽԶ
ǰУ˫Ŀ˸֮ǰڴ֮̽⣬֮ڣصĴۣ˽̫٣ͻȻͳô²⡣
Ҫ֪ԷͼıͱҪ̽ǰˣŵĴ壬ͬˡⲻϵ̽УֱҪ֪Էĵ
᳤ϣյһ峤ȡ峤֮ѡҲ֮ϡᣬصĴ˵޹شСֳĿһȻڶǴʹ˵һ仰
Ы峤᳤ϡ
Ǵʹһ㶣ԥƬ̣Ŀɨȴ˫ͫ͵һǴʹƺĳķ˴
ʹƲԥͷȻٵյ㣬Ȼ⣡
¶΢ЦתǰȥЦݣȴת֮󣬽
ûˣصĴۣͲںᣡ˭һ·Ĭ˻磬ͨڼۡ
ûã㴩ͨ뵽˴ǵķΧڣ˽Ŀôǣѹ𶯣ϸĿ˼ۡ
йǿϣ۲ɲתܻɢȥǴʹߵָ£ǰһȥ̤ڣ
û㣿һǣȻһǵĹ֮һһִ֣һ̤ĳǺ󣬾Ȼûκ㡣
ǣɽ
ȫƽԭӹŹֲֵЩֲҶӼչӵ
һۿȥ޾ռǼȫط
ΨŹֲֵϡ٣¶˻ɫĵ档һԼǧĿյأܴơ
ǡڵĽƣ˫΢ɲһȻһ
᳤֮ѡǴʹ߿ĿæԽ͡
ٵ۴ˣ·»Ҫȥָʿ½٣ٵûзԸ¾иˡǴʹ߽󣬱ȭ˵
ֱҲûߣͬһȭڵлԸ񣬱Ǳ˶ȻҲӭʹμ棬ǶмѣȻȥ
ٵ۴˿Ϥһǣһ᳤֮ѡԻ֪ͨٵǰǴʹ߹ˣʧԶɵߡ
ȥ֮󣬷ǣƺشֻʣһˣվĿ֮ջĿ⣬һΣʧӰ
ʱȻ֮⣬ǧڷȻӴĲ˼飬ǿۣҲҪһʱ䣬ɶʿ˵ȴǸոպöѡ
⣬̧ǰһʱһɰĽ֮ںȻֱ֮ǰۣ˲Ϣ䣬ǰһƬʵʵĹ֮
ױԵУʵмתֵǹϣʱһǿķ֮Ȼӿ֣һ飬˵ŵŵ˺ͣ
Ƿ֮Уһ˿ɣ֮ꡣ
ǿĽƣⲻҲ½ӣȻǴ˵ĴȻʧĹŻĿ˸ǴʹʱͲЩŹ֣ʶٲ鿴һ֮£˾档
˼˫۾˸֪Ƭ̺Ǿͻ˱ʹߴʱȣݲ˷ѣһԾպĿ׹һ˫֮͵һӣȴغĿͫӡǼ˸Ȼͺ
ûǰγһ޴ͼ
ͼһ֣ʱ޾磬ʹɵգ֮ڣأҲĳ֣ĺ
˫ƶͼͬǣڰ·ǧֱӳȥͼȻ£ԽԽ
ͼٽһɲǣǧââɻɫͬһƾվûͼ·ʱ۳һ޴Ĺͼ
׵ĴСַ֮̽ҪӴԵλãͬߣʵ֮伱ת
䣬Ŀ¶⣬ͼٴٽʱǳֵĹףܼ죬ȴ˲Ϣ䣬ٴת֮£ǧϿգȻͳһ޴Ļιף
˫ͫһʲôףһǧСľ޹꣡
ǹ֮£Ȼһ޴ͷ­ڹܣ㣬ڹһĹβҲͬû
̶̵ʱڣһӴޱȵľ޹꣬Ȼͳ˴֮ϣ
һɲɣϢʱɢ޹ͨɫͷϣĿһƬٽ˲䣬͵̧췢һ˻
˻춯أһƬŤʹɫ䣬޾˺Ȼ
һĻΪˣ޹ڵأͷ˻Ϊȫ׻ҹ˸Ǵڵָףָƺ˺գ
β֮ϣǳİֱӾһḶ́Ȼ̺˾綾
ͷ˻һһ룬һˮ֮ʱ޹ܣľȻһֿ󺣵Ĵ
أɲǼͳΪ˰֮
˫һӣʱǰͼ׹ֱĿɢ֮䣬ûǿʩչͼΪƳ׿
ĿĴﵽ̺ˣ˫¶֮â
ȻǹŻ
ֵ˺Ǿ޹ͷ­£Ӹǻɢ֮һлָ糣
ĴУŻΪأȻʧ֮УһЩ˿ȴŻйأ֮ɽֶΣΪǿ


1400 Ĳ
˺֮УĿ棬ʼնǽɢľ޹ֱ꣬޹곹ʧ¶ϲ֮ɫ
û뵽ڣȻйŻòѹеļܲ޷
ѧȫĴں֮£ƾĪĻԵпܸƱԴܳɹֵıԴٲǡ
Դ
飬ȥһʿ𺳣Щ߸ϵĵܣҲΪ֮ȻԽ˽ⱾԴ֮ˣԽԴʲô
ԴѾǼΪˣٶһԾ죡ͬģԴȫɣѶҲǱ
ֺ٣ʶ촽
½ҶȻãû̫ʱȥܣѧŻĴƾͳʱ򡭡
컯ʵ̫ϣûа׼֮ʱͻȻ
Ŀһ֮ڰ⼤ѹ¡
۵ʲôȻùŻȥһơصĴۣмɵ
ǰԼĪһжϣĪұضᱻֳĬԽǷǼԽɢ
ǣ졭û㣬ֲйŻһΣֲϡٵĴϡ
һƬ̵֮ӣץһϸĿ˰죬ɫԽӳ
ʱԶгХȴǼʹߣһЩʿ֮١
̧ͷһۣתһȥӰʧ֮ʱȻǶ޾ֲУһƬ޴Ҷϡ
ϥеĻɫüͷ
ѰܸоЩԾֳ˫ĿպϣнֳĳһδʱԼֻ̤ڣΪ磬һƬƮճΪһǡ
һĻ䣬ӡΪ̣Ҳһεľʹںܶģ֪
ļǵãԼΪһǺ󣬶ȹ꣬ϵĻɽѵ֮ǣ˺Щз绯Ϊһγ
УһЩΪԭʼֲһһδε뵮УǵΪһ塣
ǿڵǣ絮֮ʱûġһɡҲ˵Ԫǲβ룬ǱԪ
͵˫ۣ¶֮âе֮ڣ¡
һ֮УȻʹе֮ϣţҪȥ׷Ѱĵ֮ա
ֻ֮գȻ̫̫ãֵΪ޷׷ȴǿԴµĸܳһЩߡ
֮һӣɢȥһֲ·ץһֲµٴʩչ֮
죬ɿ£¶һ
ȻɣӦǵʱβ룬Ⱥ˳򡭡ȴͬʱԪһһ飬ֻͣ
һϵĻɽƾ֮ǰǵãͬʱȫγһ㣬ȴЩ˵ȥϾЩʹԭʼֲ޷ͬʱ֣ͬʱ
²ⲻôֻһˡһУΪɣƾ֮ǰԴ֮ͨٳֵҲǴͨʿĳֵǿһǣҪǿΪȻ޷
ĬУ˦˦ͷĲ²⣬ԼЩţ֪ʵ²ⱻ֪𼫴𾪡
Ϊʿͨ˿ͿԷô飬ǲ֪Ǵӵһй̣Ҳ˿޷˷
ΪֹǵһзԴĵһˣ
صĴ֪£ҲȻһ£ֶ֮ǵ𺳣Ҫ𾪣
ʿ֮ΪĲ࣬жڵ⣬ʵϾһֵֵ֪һ֮ˣΪµĳ̶ȣ޷ţ
ȥֳĬƬ̣޴ҶϣŻɵգ¶˼һϲ˼ˣΪ˼һΣߵڡ
ǳ˾˾īӣ־ܻſ񣬵ȴǼΪ֪ǴͼʲôⲢ谭֮ƣΪԼһ
п磬ôý֮ˣſ۸ӵУҳԼҪĽĿġ
Զգ˿̳һһȴǽģ˸˽뵽˴УЩԶȥĳ磬ֻµľ޴Ҷ
ʱȻɫһԼ֣ڷŵһ˲䣬оĦҶʱں΢һ˿ԪԼٿصĴҶڡ
ϸ鿴ʱȴûκη֣·ղŵһĻǴһ
ӣĿһûзʲôȴһľ֮һΣڰգ·ȥ
޾ֲڴϻҡҷ
ǣ졭ֲԸ̤ЩҶһ磬ϷɹʶǽɢеĹ۲
ɫ£ΨԶһʱٶȲ죬ڻƻ֮ʱһֲƵĺһµߣ
ںߣһͣڴԱ߻һƺ
˫Ŀһ˳˴ʹһ⣬ĵһˡһûȥӻ£
߲δᣬȻź档
ϥһԣͬûпڣһƬΨԶ΢ƿ֮ȴ˵صΪһ壬˿֡
ˮ峺һۿȥ˵ܿףҲܿ壬ˮ£㡣
һһ٣˸žƺʱ仺عȥɫȫİһա
Ϯֲܵɳɳȴûдİ
΢΢ḧʱưյժ£ز˺Сź棬ľ˷ֲ壬£ġ
»Ļںģܵ£չ¶һΪĻ棬Ļ£ǿ̫ǳƣģҲƺ
㣬ȾôҲ֪˶ãɳƵ촫


1401 
Ա߾ƺҲȥߺһڡ
Ǿ븹У̾ͻһӺһָյͬһһεϸܵĺˮֶͷȴڸոճֵ˲䣬̻һƬƮ
ǻȵĸоδɢŨɲǾȫʹڵ⣬ʱͬȼһǻȵҪڱһ㡣
תȫȻ䣬ڵԪһٵתƬ̺ĲԪȻһ˿
ҲͰˣԪһ˿ɲǣȵĸоٴαȼƣͷҲȼ˳ȫëײϵɢΪˣ
ԽԽŨ˲Ϣ¶ȸӡǣһɫĻĿȫڻں
һȸ˻ȻȴĿһɫȸɳ⣬¶Ϊӡ
ֱһȸ»صĿʧȫĻȣҲʧڵ
þƣ
תͷ֣ϸ΢Ц˵ͷ¿档
Ϸƣ˶ҺȵģǵҲҪԥһ¡㵹ãֱӾͺһڡ
ʲôƣ촽һ֮£̾͸оڵĻ֮ԴȻŨһ˿Ķģһھ̺Ļ֮ȸһξѣһ
ⲻǾƣѪɫǺͰЦ
ĿһʱͻȻƽĺ棬̾оҵĲƻصĻһƵǺ׺䴫
峺ĺˮһ˲ʶҲ޷磡
߹һЦ͵һק̧¹һɢĿ֮âŤ֮̾ͱıֱ͵ֱ̧Ӿק
Ǻ׵ΪңԽԽɲǼ䣬׵ıק𣬵һɴСͷ­һƿ棬ֱӾͳ˳
ǰɴСͷ­ȻһͷУһĹİɫȻΪ˺ֺ죡
ڵ㣬ڵ
ͷͨɫſڣ˲Ϣ䣬Ӻǧ֮һ㣬չǰ
ͻȻֵһĻɫһ䣬¶֮ɫǾǰ־ͬһ㰫Сǳĳ죬͵һ˦Ҫѡ
ȴ֪ԺɣΪͣǳҲʼ޷Ѱ㣬߳ЦվӣٴһקȴƳǾΪҡ
һжǵʯ䷢޷˼飡
ʱǳƲ͵صͷſڣȻֱɶӴδٽһȷ档
ȷڣͷϵؽӽ£һ޷ݵѹȻʹϱѹ֮ǿ춯أ
ֱѹһ壬ɫʱ԰ףи¶Ȼ֮ɫǾһ޴ḥ̂԰һ飬ʶ˺󼸲

ĸܵѹȻ˿ڵˮӴĸо
ȵʿľǿޣֵ޷ȥµһĻ߲ǵǵҲͰˣȻһ
߳Цһζ̧ͣɶľһӣĿ֮ϣ˲Ϣһɻ
ãһƬߵһӣҲʲô֣ͨʱк춯أǾĲҽͷ­͵ؾһ֮ݺݵĳ鶯ֱӵȥ
䵹˵ɲǣһɻˮ̾ӿžžȼ֮ضǾҽиΪһ֮£Ҫغס
ŵһ˦ֱקǾʹҪغףڲҽٴαɣ
̵ģϷǰССҲӣһͺȣڰһ֮£ȴֱӾ̤ͷ֮ϣ̧ͷݺݵһĶȥ
̧ɲǣȻһͫ¶֮ɫĿ˲Ϣͳһ𡭡
޴ȸ
СԶԶسֵȸڸգһɲɣϢǾ޴ȸɢһõĻ棬ȸȫ

ȸһ֣쳤˻һ춯صȸ֮
һĻĿɿڴȸĴС̺Ļ֮ǿĳ̶ȣԶԶس˵ȸʥʣ֮䣬޷ȣ
ͬȸ֮Ĳ࣡
Ȼ£µ˲䣬ֵǾ޴ȸӰӿֱۣɲǼΪһ壬ͷһ̣ԶԶȥȻ֣ģȻȸǷļ๣
˵ʱʱ죬ת֮䣬ȸ๾ͺһͷ֮Ǵİ֮УֱӴ͸һȼյѪȻ
Ÿʲôúװƣ㵱Ϸӹǣڲǣ̧ͷһͺȣһ㴫˫
ֲ˼һץƺһ֮·̾ͰѪƺڣֻƺޣװ֮вһЩѪ޷ڣ̾óҩƿȥӡ
ҩƿһѪҺȻڻȻ޷ɣ
һжɲǼ䷢ۿǲѪûа취ȡߣҪ·ˮڣ֪ѪҺ۾һɣ˼ǰһ壬ȴſ͵һ
һ֮£ʱͰǱҪĲѪֱӾȫ˿Уһڣ緽һ֮ࡣ
߿ֵľٶüЦһΣֱ뿪˾ͷһ˦˻ҽŸ뿪ͷ֮ʱһ̤
ǾΪŭȴһ̤֮Ѹ棬۶ȥʧӰˡ
ãȸˣ֪˷ѿɳܣ߹һЦԡ
Ѫ󣬴˿ڻ죬ɫһƬϾȥߣֱӾϥ£Ԫתٵ
ԱߣĿɨɨȥ¶Цݡ
ΪٿСˣû뵽ȻֿһȸѣȻֻһͿԴﵽ֮Ӳ
ӦĵȸɡԽԽϲǶӣ˼º󣬸ǰֻȫϸһ顣
ȷȸˣˣǳСһȻǹ񡭡ȤȤĿ¶˷ܡ
ĴСȸԣ޲ϷͨСһ￴ģӦܡ壬ͻȻһ¡
Ԫ֮ȻҲˡҡ¶ɫ̾һȥģһԡ
ڵЩСһϷжԪ֮


1402 ȸ
ֹ˰죬ǿɺ޵֣ҡͷ
Ԫ֮ƣϷ֮ͨҲЩԪҪϺܶ࣬ϧϧ߳̾۰Ͱ͵ĿűĿ֣ǿſţȻ۾һ
ЩԾСһڡǡ۾͵Ӷʱվֱһ¶һ˿Ʋɴ̧̾Ͱȥ
һ֮£δ˺ְ㣬ȴһֱ֮ڹ󱬷
ջ֣۾ĿתĶ顣
ʱͻȻһ֮ȻʹȻһ֣أɢ޷ݵĸ£
һ˲䣬֮͵ջһ΢Ļ磬羡΢ȴһϢϢȻڣ
ֵĻ֮Դ
߿֮Դɫûκα仯֪һ㡣
֮֮ٴйâ֣â춯أɢĿ֮⣬һȴǴֵڣֱӾͳһ
һ֣ͻһӡǣܸоŵϸ׻ƣչ¶һɾ֮
ɫ䣬Ƶͼ̺ıԴϢŨ˼ǿĳ̶ȣ
⣬ֵĵڶԴ
üһ֮ԴҲˣϾȸ˼Σ֮Դ˵Ѿ˿̲סȣ֮ԴȻˣ˿ɲŵĳ̶ȣô޵ģĪ̫ɣߵ
ʱͻȻ֮ϣйâ˸˫͵¶֮ɫ
Ϸ򷽲ſľСһڡ
йâƣȴһڰ׶ɫֱ֮ӳغȻͳһõĳӣ
ǳӣֵֻȪ
ⳤӺɨβӣһƬǣһϢȻ䱬
⣬⾳ĵԴ
ϸݵļ¶ϲϲãȻûг֡˫ۣЦãããȻеԴϷ֮ǰδϸȴǳϣҡ
û˵꣬ͻȻһ£ֵУȻйâ˸һõ̫ţֱӷɳ
̫ͼ̺֮˺أʹؼһѭĸоֶ
ܲʿĻ̾ͻᱻ֮ڣħ֮У԰Σʱµһ򣬶Ϊ֮˲䱬
ȻУ߳׵Ĵɫ¶𾪡
ĵԴ⡭СӵôģȻĵԴ̫䡭˫Ŀͫٴһ˴ͣһ٣Ϊֵ֮ϣٴйâ˸
һεĹâΪ죬ƴڣֺûдڣ֮䣬ٵĽǳһƬƬʵģ棬һۿȥ޷ֱ
֮ƯͬıԴϢ˿ĭ˵ֱԴƬ̺ȫһһصڣų˿
ûˣãá߿ֵĿ⣬翴һ㡣
ԴԴ̵ģСһĴȸ̬ؼô߿оô˵еļȴȻ޷ݡ
ɫŨ粻ϣʹֲܵɳɳ֮ƣأһҹȥԶһֳ̧ͷɢ˴صĺڰҲһ˿˿ҹ
һҹڵĻ֮˲٣ֻȸĴξѣһĤʼ޷ͻơ
᳤֮ѡ峿֮ʱȻʼС
ֱգҪٽ֮ʱµǼѪ֮ɢʹɫָ˫ۡ
һɫڣ֮ǰ棬̾ʹǵ洫֮ȴǳֱ濾֮йɢ
۾ɲǣһ۾Ϳ˶ߣĬ꣬ĵ֣μĴ桭
߿ֵĿ⣬һ˿Ź֣ԸɿһĿеĹŹЦϷɲĴȸ
һ㶣̧ͷߣһ
ǡһȸ
߹һЦҡͷϷҲһȸǶƾãܶ鸴ӣĴȸҲ֮ҿĵڶˡ
ǴֳۣĬƬ̣ɵʵ
һٵۣ¶΢Ц˼ɫ͵ϷĴСһٵۣڵۣ˵ĳƺȸʥ֮УֻһƺǾһȸ棡
ҲԶ£Ĵǿս֮һ
һ͵̧ͷ
飬йȸʥ֮£Ҫ֮󣬾ͻ֪Ц
ǱҪУҶ˵һͻʵ֮תĴ컯ºѺѣҲ̫ѹվĿ⿴һһ˿˵
˾īսΪβӦȸһ壬Īǻɣ֮󣬷ſֽȥսһϷڣ˵б֮ˣʲôˣ
ĳ֮ѡֻǶϷˣ˷˲ٵ٣Ҫ֪֮ڣֳµٵۣ
ȸˣԽڻ㲻ɸı䣡뿪Ϸ޷Ǽҿ˭㣡
סȸһ£ҪԵҪ̣Ե޷ֻ㣬ֻȥ󣬸ҶߣҲἫΪɵ
ԣͷ¶β˾īӣĶ󣬵Σ
߻ＫΪԵֳĬƬ̣˵ͷкһ
ֵ飬Ϊ⣬ĿǺˮֵƿѪƣʱ¡Ϸͨ޷ҼȻϷҲҪһЩɣϷʹһʽ
˵ʱǹŹ֡
Ҳ֮ˣҲ޷ȸһûʲôνʵ˼ҵ껹ܶʱ䡢׻Ĵ֮ͨ
û󣬾Գ
Уһ֮ǰ鿴壬㲻֪ô˹񣬹֮ԴʩչȻǿ
ͨһãҿã˵ţ˺ߣźˮ̧źһӶȥ
һ£ǺˮʱȻаݣⰼݸһγɣȻˮ֮ϡ


1403 ̤֤֮
һ쾪죬ǺˮȻƻصֱӾһ棬ȻıϸܵˮΣЩˮθһ֣໥ײٴαܶʼǲϵرУ˲Ϣ䣬һˮ׵ɢһƬˮϰա
ϣˮ½һɡ
һĻѰҲûʲô֮ͨʩչĪ˵һɺˮǰҲǼ
˵ߣ֣ҲʮַһĻƸǿһ
ͨǲǣתͷ֣¶΢Ц
Ŀһź棬иַŶԷһµһĻ֮¶˼
ӣ߸ǿҲţҪֵΣܷ񿴳Ķߡ
ҴѧʱҲ޷ƾԼ⣬ʾ˵ĴСȸҲͬ򲻳ֻԵҪͺ󣬲ŻȻҿСһΡ
ҿ޷ĴСȸȣ֮ΪӦ컯ʹȻĴСȸ˵յǸйء
ĻȻֽǧУԵĿ´ڣ棬Ҳ뵽ͻȻǱ̬Դȴ뷨һ١
СһܿЩ֡
üͷвϵĸַŵһĻĻԷһƣѰֻ˺棬һƬˮΣˮ໥ײεײ֮󣬳ױˮѡ
ԷĻӣ̺ĳּΪǿĵ
Уߵߣ̧źһûʩչκͨ緲һ㣬ַ˺ϡ
һɲǣĸоһɷ֮֮ⷴɲҴ±͸ˡ
ˮ澡ܺᣬȴƮҶ£ȻҲһ˿΢²ֵע⣬Ҳȥ˼Ϊʲô
£ȴڳ֮ⷴɲǣ˫͵һ
֮ƻصһȦȦɢȥִ˿̵һҲǲƴҡ
˲ͬǹ񣬹һ壬ȴͨ˵ǿľ֮һȭ죬Աһǣľ֮˹޷ǿ
ˣֶİգ֮Щʩչͨ˵֮ͨʿΪͬ
Ҷʱ飬еˮʯһʣˮᣬʵϣȴҲ֮һˮ£ˤʯϻˮɢʯһ˲䣬ȴǻ֮֮ⷴܺһδεˮ£긴һ𶯣ȴԴ͸ʯ飡
Ī˵ʯ飬ǹƾõ֮ͨ޷ƿҲᱻˮδ͸¶վӣߡ
ɫʱأ¶һ˿𾪣ôҲû뵽־ȻƾıԵ
޷Ĵȸȣν֮صȴ̫ˣȻʣﵽĴȸĳ̶ȣѹǱ̬Դ»컯żȻߵֵĿ⣬͸Ũ˵ͷҪڽͣԷһȻǼΪܿɹȻ˼ޣ޷
ûڣȴ˫۾һ˵
⻹ֻΡ
һ㶡
ˮ̺˼ǿ֮ˮɺ󣬺ȻҲ˷̺֮Խ֮ⷴͻԽһȭȥˮ棬ʵһ˲ˮ淴֮ǿ˿һӳһȭ
һ൱˲Ϣ佻һּΪµı֮Էǰһ£ϸˮɲǾʮĴײʹһˮ߽⣡
߽⣬һ̬ת䣬ˮ״ֱ̬ӳΪγˮƼ򵥣ʵϣȴ̺һ־֮
ı鱾̬֮Խ˵ĿԽиһƬͷӿļ䣬ѷĻһĻĻɰǧεĻص
Ӧǰһƣֵ̺һȭ죬Աһǣ˵Ҳз𣬵Ƿ֮ݵɲǣǾȻܲסˣһǵԼ֮⣬ַ
ˮͬˮ֮ԣν֮ǻ۵һ̶ȣɺɺ֮֮Ϊˡͬһȭ󺣣䷴֮ʹ˱
ȸ۾ֱĿ֣Ŀн֮ǰԴסɫٴ¶˳
ֶصϷһδٵڶϼ֮֮һʶҪǿֹӵԴǽңȸֵĿ⣬ԽԽŹ
˿̵л֪ѧǹŻ󣬽һ˿ܣںϸƵ۷壬ﵽĲΣӶᵮԴ֮Դ
ȻԺСȴڡ
ǰһƣҪģɷ֮Ӷʹһȭӳ跴֮ɱУı̬˵ͨȴδͨſݵֶΣǰ˵ĿɶԣĿϲ֮ɫãԱ˻ò󣬱Ͼʿȭⲫǹ˵һͨ
ֵĹڣû֮һȸĴڣʵ̫
ǻɭһսȻɭⷽҪԶԶ֣ɭȣͬ׳һ㣡
˵ֻ˿֣
ȸ˿ĭɫοϾǻ̫õϹ֣һĪӲѣԵͷĿ¶ͣ쿪ڵ˵ЩǺܼ򵥵ĵҲϷҪ˵ġ
ȸˣȴǺ̵ܽģɲСӿ֪ϷҲûⳤǶ֪ʹ׻ⲻģС֮ӦȥоЩ
ȸæɿȼܿ۾һɣǳˣҲѧˣȥ꣬ȥ˾ī
˵ţһ˦֣̾һƬֱ֮ȥ
֮ڣϸĿ˼ۣľ
ô˿ûиɢȴһַ·궼ҪȼյĴ
ȸΪת֮¾;ǧ֮ϡ˿УʿΪ᳤֮λս
ܻʿһۿڰУص㣬ûκʿҽӽ
һ˾ī볤˾ڣ
һǵб࣬һȫĸŮˣ
һֻһˣһ꣬һƬƲ֮ϣĿ·սĶˣ˸һȴóһӣҧһڡ
һһ޴ޣڣӼΪƮڰգڱϥһƤߡ
沿ȫǿӣ˫ȭͷСɫ˫Ҳĸɫ봩͸ڣ
һɲǣ⼸˸ҽӽˣȫɫһ׷̧ͷϿȥ


1404 ̵ȸ
˲ϼһﰡ̧ͷ˲䣬ȸдŵ٩ƮȻ䣬⣬һƬ֮ܣµɲǣɢӰ
¶ȸֵӰ
ָһ̾ͱĿϡ
һĿ⣬˾īӣ˾īмΪ͸ɱ
ڶĿ⣬ͣһ˿ã׷䣬ⱻĸŮеŮӡ
Ŀ⣬ӵò꣬Ŀоһ¶Ц֮ɫ
ɫƽ˫ĿһɨĸŮϣиһĨӣܿɢˡ
εǰֱȭ˵
ε¶΢Ц˵ͷ֮ǰȷС㡣
εʶȸϣɫŹ֣ɨεߵٻ÷һۣٺһЦûȥ£۾һɣֱӿ˾īӡ
Сޣ㿴ʲôأĪϷҪսϷ򲻳ɣҪսϷ档ȸ˿ûΪǰķ緶˾īӣ̧һ
˾īɫʱһ䣬֪Էǵ֮صĵһٵۣպգνǴµһˣڳᣬϼһоʼڼǡ
ǰΪͨ죬Ƕ֡˾īæȭɱɢ˵
ߣϷ֣ƫƫҪҼСڳԣô򣡡ȸô˾īӶ˳̧ۣǰһӡ
һ֮£Ҳʲôͨû˾ɫ䣬ӺԥѸ˳˾īӸͫ͵һͺ˫ǰӡո̾һͻȻ
У˾īӼˣ˫΢ɲĲɫ̲԰ףȫȻһõĻȼգ˺ɣ˸Σÿһ˸˾īڱķ֮ᱩ
֮˾īһѪ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ǰԴСô֮³֣Ǻ⣡˾īӿŭ𣬵ŭһȴûȻŭ𣬻˸͵ı
˾īٴѪ˿˾ǰ̧˾īӱϣȻʩչĳͨʹ˾īɫԺһЩȻǲҰһƬ
ԴС̵ģҲ֪ԴСΪҼСһսҲҺϷ˵ԴСϷԴСˣôģȸжֺ꣬ǺͰƢܺõӣʵϣ֮ʱȴԻƢƣ˿˾īӵĻ۾ٴһɣȻǰһȥ
̫죬ʶ޷֮ʱȸ˾īǰ̧ǰһȣֱӾ˾īϣžһһ˹ȥ
һ֮£˾īƺһӵɣ̸߸߹ϺһƬ
˾ɫʱ԰ףͬˣǰס֣ҳ𡭡
Ů޸Ϸ죬ٶ˵ҲȣͷҾҪԴСˣû˾˵꣬ȸͶݺݵص˹ȥ
һ仰̾˾ҧס´ֹס˿ڡ
˾īӸ˺ɣǰһ
ǸʲôҼСС̵֣֣ģȫҶ֣ȸ˵ţһٴٽһ̧ٴλȥžһһơ
˾īƺѪӼˣŭ죬ֻŭһȴ̾ͻĻ棬ʹҽһѹŭ
ҼСҪ֣ϷҲˣ̵ģϷ򣿡ȸ۾ţǰ׷ȥ
û˾ī𣬴˿Ҫ⣬仰Ȼûȸӵٶȿ죬Ȼȸٽ̧֣˹ȥ
žһ˾īӱϺڵŧżݵѪӻһ߱׳Զ
ߣϷ򣡡ȸ¶һĨɱöԷ˷ƣֱҪ˶Է
ȸҵΪǼΪ£˾īӾǵȴǸո̤룬ǻ˱ˣȸΪҲɣ˾īϾվųᡣ
ȸǲЩ飬뷨ֻһȸһ壬ͲУǶԷΪߣȸҲںȻһ档
ȸһ壬ڻǴഫȻ˹ͷ
ֿһĻĻ¶΢Цȸϣ֪ģҵˮȸʥʵӰӡ
ֵԸʱܼ򵥣ߣ˾ͽϣʼռǹҵˮȸʥʣ統Ķ졭
᳤֮ѡսʿȻ֣ܣ֮ʿһɫΪ֮УʮʹߣҲǹա
ϵ֮ˣҲûгֹ
˼ƣȸĿջأߣ˿ȥǼΪǱ˾īɫ˾
λǣϷǸˣ˵һЩϼһûҲ޷λڴˣ֤֤ҵ֮صٵ۵
ɹӴ֮ٵۣΪУϷΪУҵ֮ΪУȸһȭ֣һָꡣ
Сһεʶұ㲻ٽܡ㿴ӵ꣬ᣬʵϾһϹ֣˻Ҳ˵̫֮һ𣡡
ɫ糣ȴһ֮ģ˿̿ԷȴûϷκΪĺۼƽıȭ
òһЦֵ˵ͷ
ϼһҲҪʶһ£˲̫֮һΪȴ˿Ժ̫ˣһպգȸһָƤϥϵߡ
Ŀһһ˫δȴڴ
񣬽ϷˣɲΪʲô֤ҪٴһսС㲻һƤ̧һ֮£ʳָָ׶ϳһأֱֶȥ
ڹһǰָ׾Ʈǰ
ȸһʺ۾ǰָףȴüЦ˵С滹󷽡
°ɣ̺С涾ڣ֮˵У
ȸ˵ţȻ̧·ǧʱһеͺȣ᳤֮ѡѺٵ
ף𣬵ǧʱ֮һ˻صȴϣ֮ǰͨ³ֹľ޹꣬һƬƬ׵ĳ֣Ȼû
Ǿ޹ǧΪӴӸ˿֮һۣ;ǣֵ˲䣬һɳ˷ƶʹΧʿһɫ͸ȵĹܿ¡
޹˻֮͵̧ͷȸ


1405 
㣡ȸ˫һӣɫһɨ֮ǰǼΪ࣬һʱһɲŭ֮б¶ɣڣ̺һɰԵĸо
֮˵֮
֮УǾ޹걳ϣ֧̾ɴϸǧ֮ľ޴δȼ֮㣬Ȼ֣
֧ͨɫֱָ֮ʣԶԶȥǧ֮ͷΪһ̳̳֮ϣ㾪죡
ҵ֮ٵΪ򵥣㣬֮ý磬һһ룬ȼ㣡ѣѵģ㣡
һѣڶһȼǧ֮˲ϢͻȼճɻңҪģǾĿܣջٻǰ߳ص
ȸɫΪ࣬֡
κΣգҵ֮ٵͬˣǵȼҲˣһȼ޷ٻǰôҪ֮շٶϷڣ㾡ܲȴϷʧ
ӹֻ˳ɹϷǵһˣ֮ǰһˣʾףһΪϢڶΪϢѹʮϢ֮ࡣϷҲ
㣬ҲشңȸĿ棬˫ۡ
кβңɫƽڡ
ãڴҵξϲȸЦһӣһɿֱӾ壬ǿ֮£ӻһ磬ֱ·޹걳ϣ׵һٽ
˾ī¶ؼĶ񶾣޵Ķ֣˿̵࣬ȴǾͨҲ޷ʱϾȸˣ¡
˾īҲ֮ǰǰĿŵĶֵɱȴǸŨ
֮صкоСֵΪȻ޷ɹ˾īߡ
Աߵ˾ҲɫڣӡڽĳܣĿȴ΢ɲɨԶһۡ
ƶϣ˫Ŀ΢΢¶֮â
СһؾˮӴ˵ˡ֮ûôˮӦò£ҪһЩ֮Գ֣Ϊ˼ĺôҪҳ֣Ϳ᲻ˡ
εɫƽֱǾȥ֣İ̾
Ӷ̶ʱ䣬𣬸֮ĹʵСΪ̫֮һػ̫ǳΣ¶εһߵŮ¶һ˿ӡ
ҿԲںأҲԾֻܾǡζҸôӣε˴ʹԶҲǲ˵꣬ߣΪİ˵һĻĻ
Ƥߣ˫ĿһգͲȥᣬһ飬ǰȲȸһս
Ǿ޴ޣǿ˫Ҳͬϡ
·Ǿ޹ܣʿһ񣬿Ӱӽǵһ֧룬ڸ˼С
ߣʵˣȻҲһٵۿУΪѣҶ϶ɹ
һ˵˥Ϊȥٵͷ˾ǱһٵʶҪɹȴǳ롣
֮ϣʿĿۣǵһ֧Աߣ˾޹ϣվȣֵӰʵ΢
ɽһɢǼ⣬˾һ
̧𣬷ǰǾ֮ϣɲǣ˫ĿպϣȻһߡ
һأе˽û
ˮ෱֮ϡģУԽֱѹˮȡֶߵһС
գεģһ;չ϶Ƶ׺ֻǿȥƺЩ̫ʵ
վһϣºˮʣԶлм۷Ʈ֮ŵԣֵĽֵ࣬ģģУǵò
ջյĿ⣬˷ξ֮Уһжõģûκʵĸо
ţȥҲģƺʱɢһؼ䣬һеһУԼģȫƮ졣
һĳǳأǳز󣬵ס֮ȴǺֵܶ࣬ϻС֮ﲻ
ֻһУģ롭
ǵһôĿ¶˼תҪȥʱȴһ͵ػͷǺӵ֮У
ӵУһҴһ꣬žƱǰ輧趯վżӡ
ߣ֮Ҳߣٴ֮ҲΣΪΡΪλЦУһ΢ȴŵĻ
žƱһں£Դ󣬳֮һжģ˿̣ڿ˲䣬òʱܵģԱȣΪ
һ֮£˴ԭأһ㣬ӣϤǳϤǼǡ


1406 걯
ǼԼ
ʫʣٱ꣬òȻּһһ
Ψһ𣬾µĺۼ־ܿ꣬ʵȴǽǧ꣬ϣȻһµζ
ֻƵ꣬ϳ˻ôһʮķˣ
ˣ۴ٽǴϵ˾Ʊ̧Ĩȥǵľƺۡ
ãӵʫǲͬ죬СĿ˴ֻӦУ˼ȴѼţðһӣӿԼѮң¶̾ӣͷ˵
ƨǹµʫʣôһ˵һ¶΢ЦǰƼϵһӣָָӡ
ӺٺһЦҲ⣬̧ͷ˿ܣ̾ϢӣǵӿɲˣճǺӵ۴ѿǼⶼѾˣЩȥ
ҡͷµƣһڣҪ˵Ȼһ٣̧ͷĿ̾ǰǺӵϡ
ϣվĬĬ꣬ɲǵĿۡ
һɫ˱仯˫¶죬ķ¾Ʊվңңһȭλ̨Ͼһ
𶯣˿̽ƽϢĿ¥֮âǰһȥͬһƬŵҶƮƮľ۴֮ϡ
ԵѮӣ۾͵͹ֱĶ֣ɫ¶ţԾĲֵĶģֵӣҹӼһһ
ڴϣҲ˵ֱӾ¡
ϸĿּۣԽԽо棬ԷӣԼʵ̫ˣԥһ£Ը׼ƾߡ
ʱӾóһɾľƱϣԵʱĿ⻹ϴİԳ档
̨Ϊƣѧأˣɴδ֮ѣ̨˭ɷ֪Ϲ΢Цźѯ
û˵Ŀʼг˼֮ɫƱԺȾ
ûлػҲ⣬ƺΪٴε
ˮ֮룬۴˳źӵʯţԶĻȥͷϵĸ軹ڣֻ֮ˣȴʼճĬ
һһĺžƣе˼˼һʹҲȻζ
⵽ô¡е˷֮Ϊλһˡ˲һ꣬Ҳüͷٴκһơ
ʼմ΢ЦٳߵӣȴƲƲ죬ĵ͹
ճǵĹϾƣĺܡ
أҹĻ٣һɴ΢ķӺӵϴ۴ɨͷĸ輧Ѿ£ֻ꼰ˡ
ɫ˴أӳںˮУ紵ˮ˲ԣȥ
ɫȻͣʱ̧ͷɫʱ̲סͷק˸ɫ
ҡͷһЦûȥᡣ
ӿЦӣٻȥҪཻˡƣҲûˡ
ҵİɡĿг˼֮ɫɢһóһƺƺѪҲѰ֮ƣ˺£٣Ǵ󿪡
ֲ֪ôͱ˸ƺһЩɳ¶Ȼ֮ɫȴҲҴߴԼҹӰ䡣
ΪԼһְѾƺϣžƱһں̧ͷգȻ˵Թɡ
ҲóƺһĻ𾪣֮˵ͷ
ǰǡˣ
ɽ峤󣬸ˮ϶ǸľĸӢأܼׯˣ˽ӣʱĸɣʼ˶ʶ֡žƱ
ⷬͬУˣ
ֳ̾һ¾ƱǸӵĿһۣѡȥɡ
˵꣬վӣһ£ǰһģһɲɢĸɸɾȫ
źӵһȥֱʣ̤㣬Զȥˡ
۴֮ϣһ̱һԣ¶֣ȥӰ桭ˡӣ˰ģ
Ŀգ֮󳤺ͷһϵľƺ¶ŨŨĲ⡣
գ·أصӣϤԹȸǣһһ
˷Ի룬Ϊģһʵȴû뵽˵زʵħ
ְ̾¶ӡ
ᷳ޵ôȻôóһ߳һꡭֳĬ
뵱ǵʵȣһ֪ԼĴڣ֪һжã֪ԼԻ룬֪˵ĿġҪȥȼ˷֮㡭̧ͷһ˿˵꣬ڿһģɲǣȻˣһأ˷֮ڣԼεȼ
룬ھͿԵȼһ֧㡣
ֻǣǰȥһۡǡ¶һ˿¶뻯ı֪һжǼٵģǻ˷ãȴ̲סһе棬ҪȥһۣΪһ۵ġ
ֻһۣұȼ˷㡭ǰһȥʧӰ
ϣ˵Ŀöľ޹걳ϣһ֧£ַ̧ϣһӰ
紵Ӱĳ¾ƮƮ
ȸ¶һ˿Ӱ֮ɫŨ
ôôһ֧ȼԴӵΪӦɲǣұԤ̵ȼһϢ㾡Ѿһʱһʱ൱ĴˣĪǴǧ޵Ը͸ﲻɣ
˾ī¶޵ЦӰİŵһ֧㣬ȻƣС־Ȼ޷ͨһûͨôʿ棬һٵҲҪ桭
˾ü壬ڵ֣ٶȸ죬ƺܣҲ˹ؼʱ̡
ʱȸӰ˫ĿͻȻһ˵ؾ󲿷ʿؿַڵһ֧ϣ˫۵İӰУоӨᣬأ
걯¡һ˷֮ءεĿϣ
˷֮ýڣվںɽ£ǰɽ壬תȥһĨ⣬¡
ٹڣš
ɽ֮Уһ֮Ůüͷ۰Ͱ͵ǰðź̵ĵ¯뵤¯üͷŮӣʦûɡ
˺ˣÿζ⸱ӣȥҩΪʦժһЩˮ²ݣҿܲܰ¯ҩһ¡ŮӵŮһۡ
ŮӺܿɰСͷüЦæܳ


1407 ңԸ
ŮŶСһͷ˿ƣӯӻζţʹŮǿɰ
òǾȴǾ£üĿоܻɫȻܿƤ֮£ӡ
ʵ̫ˣãѾˡŮɽУ죬
֪ôˣʱҺãһɾͱصҿҪץŬˣɲСŮУͣӣĿǰԶһɢ¹֥ݣæǰժ¼Ҷ˿ûз֣󣬲֪ʱһ¶Ӱ
ǰŮԷӾ뵱Щͬһ۾ϳˡ
Ŀн¶ᣬվǿɬ
Ůժ¼Ҷˮ²ݺСĵķ˴ҪȥȻһ٣ǰ˼ӲݴԣһֻСޡ
СһϢѪģǱҧһڣȻˡ
Ůһ¶æóһ֮´ȡһЩҩ֮ͿĨС޵˿ڴ
ֻЩҩȻ޷Сȥ˫ĿѪ̫࣬ȻǱ֮С
Ů¶æİСޱתҪɽصȥѰʦ𣬵һͷȴ̾;һѸٺˣ˫Ŀ¶֡
ͻȻתȻ֣һʱ֮䱻һ
ɡŮס飬һῪڣ̧ǰһӣһ׹˸ŮСϣС޵˿ۿɼٶѸϣ˫ĿҲ˲ɡ
ָСޣһţʹŮһ֦ϣͷ˶һۣԾ֮ʧԶ
ŮؿڣĿ֣ǷĽ񣬼ǰ֪ǰϣ˿ҪѰʦ𣿡
ҡͷǰŮɫԽӵҲʦҾס
סĽգգ۾
¶΢Цһ˦̾һĽӣ˲˾ʧӰʱȴɽ֮
֪ʱһ
⣬Ľ۾һĻ֮ŻֵĿ˾档
ǰһϹ֡Ϲ֣ĸˡĽڨЦ˺󼸲һ˿衣
ˣһӾȻǽţ˵ֿǶͽĽ
ʦ֮ȡҩѾܾãʦ𶨻ᵣѰңȸ˺ˡĽˣиǵʦʱ
¶Цݣ֮ǰδĽ飬Եͷ
Ľæˣ˳ɽ·ٵȥֱɽųͷһɽ
ʦ˵Ϲֶй񱣬һЩϲ¯ˣϹֳֵϢְһӾɽߣҷӦ죬ʦǽվҪΣˡϹֿᣬǻˡҲҶˡ
ֹ˼䣬Ľæȥˡ
ɽ嶥ĿԴ͸һдڣĽ飬ﶼһ
ֱĽԶֲջĿ⣬ϸһĨģֻ⿪ģȴǴꡣ
ﵽһڼûǡĴڡҼڣûһĻ̾УԸȥ˼Ѱ£ĬĬı˫ۡ
֮۾ٿһۣ˵һҾȥȼǵһ֧㡣
ʱĹȥһ졢졭תۼ䣬졣
УĽûг֣һֱɽ嶥ţšһУĽڣ˼飬ԼĹ
ʱ䣬ûдĬĬգȥ
ֱһ󼱴Ľɽ´ȴĽ񣬴ɽɽĽȥͷ㺹ло뾯裬ȴҧ֮£ߵǰ
־Ľ¶֮ɫ
ֻᣬĽУȴʶ˺󼸲оŨ
ǰǰܲܰҲȺáĽҧ´СĴӻóһֻƴССޡ
Сè꣬ë޵Ľв˫۸ֻһ϶ƺҪȴû
ȻʧЦ˵ͷ̧СһĨ׹˸УС޷ע˫ۻ¶ɡ
Ľ¶ϲȸԾĺһæĸСϵëֵĿ⣬ҲɢһЩǴڡ
лǰˡĽϴſģһǷٵĺˣæɽȥȻУϹ֣ǴںĽ򲻵ѣ˵ʲôҲ
ϹӦòǻˡĽɽ֮ʱͷһɽ壬
ֵڶĿĽȥв֮Ũ
ʱͻȻշƾΪ֮ɫ䣬й併٣˷Ļص֮ϣǳһ޴С
мתأɢһ޷ݵϣ
ѹΪˣɢ֮о˷磬ģǴ˽飬ûа䣬ֻΪֻ֣֣
֣ȼ˷㣬ʱĸ֣籩γںص
ʱ
ȴǴϣȸȴ̫֮Ľֻ԰ΣϧΥ涨һǰַǵһ֧ϣֻУһͺ
ȼ˷֮㲻ѣֻҪһ֮ɢõ˷磬һȫ˲Ϣٻɻ𺣣㲻֮󣬾ͿԵȼ˷֮㣡
ֻǡ
ңԸ̧ͷĿлȼգС
Ի֮磬ĥģĨȥһ˿֮仯֮Ϊգʿɽ˽ڣһ˿ΪȸĴξѵļ죡
ĴۣԷҷΪңվա
֮أȸΪĪ⣬һȸĳûĳ޷֮ͨУҲ޷̫ã
㡭ֻãʵϷҲֻ轫뿪֮άȼ㣬ͿͨΪִԲ򣡡ȸ͸Ȼ䣬бɢ
ɢ˲䣬ֵĻ֮С
һӲִʶҲֲ֣𣬲ֻзմ˽磡
ˣȼұУִҵ𣬲ȥҪò𣬶ȡһִҵȼֻҵϣ
ϣȸջأűĿ֣̾һ
˾īӾ֪ܲ˷һУȴǶٲ²һЩ̲סЦǰȻȥܾãƺٵۣ⡭
û˵꣬ȸ͵ػͷ۾ֱǰһȣžһȴٴθ˾īһơ
˾īѪӵɡ
ƨӼҵĺӣִȼҵϣܶ
һƣȸĻĿ⾼İҵϣҵϣãС֣ȼҵ֮һ浱ԣȸһɾ֮費𲢷;ֻҵٻ꼫ΪѣΨ𱣻²ųɣʶŲѡСܳɣΪȸպһˣ


1408 ҵ
˷ڣΨֿɼУȻй֮˺ѣɢһգƬ֮ջָ糣
̶̵һĻ˷ڣ⣬κηߣһУǲһ㡣
վɽ嶥ջؿĿ⣬ϥ¡
ȼֻҵϣһ˿ִҵ𣬲ȥأȥ˽磬ǷپԼǣھһУڻǱ׷ջɲǣȡһҵ֣֮ӶлʹȸĴξѣʵ֮ͻƣ̤ȸһܴﵽĻ֮龳磡
һл֮Ǽŭ𡢷ȵȣйأ֮һдڣɳΪ̤𾳽֮˵ֶͨΣ
ܴﵽ𾳽֮ޣǿĳ̶ȣǲȴĿʿս㲻ܶŭϲܿ꣬κĲΪһֻǺССĲԳΪʿɱеͨ
һֲֺ֮ܿͨҪ֪飬Ϊߣڣ֮ˣٻ֮ˣǴڵġ
εӵ˼ŮҲ𣡳ǿһȫȫ׵׵ûκ֮ˣɲںʿ
ʿĿ£ص㻹ڵĽսϣȺս
һʿʤǧ
֮Уܾ֪֮żΪѣױٿأԴ죬ϼѣ
֮ԴͬˣΪ֮һΨдﵽ֮󣬲ſУ֮ڣٽһγɵ𣬳ɾʹԴ֮пԴտţΪܣ
һƬƽ֮ѣڻ֣ȸĵĴξѣԸմ˽绯֣ҪȥѡǸΪѵĵ·
·ϣִ˿̻ѡ뿪ʧܡ
ȸ˴ңԷૣĿ¶ᶨ֮ɫ
Ըմ˽һֵԸ񣬶ڶݼΪأͬȸʧ
ĺһ˫Ŀϣ˫۱պϵɲǣȫȻһɫĻȻ沢δɢȼա
˿ֻǱյľʹ֣ҲӲҧأܣܻǱ٣ԼִԼ׻
һ˿ִ޷һ˭ң͵̧ͷ˫Ŀŭһ£ȫƣ֮죬֮ˣȴûһܿ
˷ڣʱһչȥĽɽĴҲÿһֿĽ񣬻ǱյʹͻֹУȴû¶㣬ǻᡣ
ɫĽҲӦʱɽҲ̸䡣
ֻϸĽķ֣ÿһɽǹŹֵǰһЩӣҲĲȥ
Ͳ֪˿̵֣ڳһ޷ݵʹ࣬Ҫȼҵϣƾľһ˿ִִԽȼͻԽң
ÿһοĽִֵͻǻҲңʹ࣬ҲŨ
תҲ֪ȥ˶ãֻеĻȻŨһĳ̶ȣ˫ĿȻɢѾΪգҲӵ꣬Ϊꡣ
ǧʱ⣬ȼԼٶϽٵ
ɡ޷ŹǷյʹָ࣬оϷ˵ûоȴһ̸У̵ĸܵ浱һĻļ¡
֮У֮ǰУٴγ֣ȴȸ֮£ٴ٣仰͸ǣ̺˲̡
ֽҧأȻ壬ҵʹ糱ˮ㣬ѽûʹ֮࣬һҪŨ̫࣡
Ψе֮ʱεʹȽϣʹкܴĲͬ
ڻֻǻȼգִδתΪҵʹĳ̶ȣǿʼһҵ֣Ҫתҵ٣ҵ£涼Ҫ˱ſɶȹڷüһִҵҵ֮ȼ˲Ϣͻ𣬸ûлҵϵĿܣ
ıҲȻ޷ɹȸΪ
СŮеִɡ˷ڣһֻãοΪһõļ䣬Լ֮У
֣ΪִԲ򣡡ȸΪǣ
û˵˿̵ǻ㱣Ǳȼյʹ࣬һĻĻ䣬
Ľ񡭡ħڡտݹǡձڱڣһ߳˯ʬ塣
ֵһУĻȼա
Ѿ˺ܾãȥΣˣȻ᲻Ϸ֮£޷մ˽磬ϷպĮȻҲҪ˽磡ȸ䣬ʱڣȻһƬ𺣺Ȼǻ֮ң춯أɲǼ˷ɨת֮£˴˽գ·ۿҪս٣
˿̣ĽӰɽ嶥ŽȴǸոʵǻ棬ģ˫ڣȴĿǴ콵ٵĻ𺣣һž޴Ļ֮ڣֱĽȥ
һɲǣ˫۵Ļɢʱ˫¶֮͵վǰһȻȥȴǻãȻ֪Ľɲǣֵ壬һѱסĽԱΪ赲סܻ𺣣
Ľֱת֮͵̧ͷշһͺ
ңУ
㣡ȸŭڣսٵĻ棬̱ǿͣ¡
棬һ޵ֻΪһ˰õģҲԸ˺Ը𣡣գˮˮ˻Ľϣȵ¶ȣʹгã
ֵһ仰˵ɲǣڵĻȻٴαһεıȴǱ֮ŻҪ
ǻڣһȻǺһɫ䣬һӾͰֻȼյɫ泹ѹ¡
ҵ𣡣ȸ̾һ
ִҵ𣬳һ棬˭Ҳ޷ֹҵˡȻѡ񣬰ˡȸɢеĻ𺣸ʧӰб
Ǻɫ׻˲ϢȫɫڣռݵԽԽ࣬Ƭ̣ɫн˳ɣȻ˺ɫ
ʹӻڴӲʹ֮࣬ŻҪŨٱǧֹĻǣۿɼٶȣѸٻ
壬ǿٵɢ֣ǽıŻĽоԼĿܣڸʹŤĽ
ЩӣҺˡõģҲκˣ˺㡭ĬĬĽ
ֻУȴ͸ԳĽ𶯡
㡭˭Ľ֡


1409 ̲ȼ
ǧǰĺֵУһƵ꣬ץס֣˿գֻǻĴӻɢ磬Ʈȥ
ֵĻŲĿ⣬žᣬȥ߹һպհ׷ɿݹǣ޷˫
ֵ̧֣ӣȴڰʧȥһǱĿǰ۽µˮڴأһĻ䣬֪ܷš
תۼ䣬ǧȥ׺ɣת˲š
ǧ޷ΪĵϣȴһУֻǣȴ޷ֵļ䣬ģʼռǵãʼռǵá
񣬷ʱתֱˣֻǵĽһĻ֣꣬ץסֻܿա
ڣĽ񾡹ãֻĸоȴôʵͬ硭ֻǣȴûû壬ȥȥˡ
˫֣ڻк׺ȼ£ɢΪ͸Ľڴɢˡ
գҲٵı仯꣬Ѹ߹£Ƶߣֱ͸
·һĻݣֻȴ˶Ի
ΨһģĿһĨᣬӵɢǺɢȫɫ棬׵ĻȫҵֵһУѸٵʧ֮С
ֻǺµĿ⣬ĽԽԽԶԽԽԶ
Ľӣ̱˵ϣͬĿ⣬𶯡
㣬˭Ľ˻һʹʹ֪ԺδȴԽԽ
ҵȼ𣬻һУȴֵĵģеһм䣡
ҵΪִִ޵һֻΪޣ
زʣĨȥһִִȻҵ𣬾죬Ҳղߣ
ҵҪգִҪһңᷴӣһ֮ҵ
֮֮ãִȼҵֻҵϣȥ죬Ǿתʮ˵ңأкη
ҵɲǣһȸ֮Ȼ
ȴǺڣһȸ˲ϢûȸӾ޴ȫɫǺɫͬһɫķˣǺڷ
ȸ֮˲Ϣ䴫أǴ͸˷磬Ǵ޹걳ĵһںǣ
Ƿ˵ȴգȴ˿ûвͣһٴóһҪߣһ͵̧ͷֱĶǵһ㣡
ȸ֮صأ
ε˫ͻȻ¶⣬Ŀ֮ɫһ̺һ˿𾪡
ȸⲻѰȸǡ
ȸ֮ȷѰ͸һ⣬һɲľ棬ԾģУ
ܣ˾֮ǰѾСһ٣Ѷȹ˾īɫ䣬˫Ŀͫ͵һĶǵһ㡣
ߵ䣬ͬ¶𾪣µٶȸ죬γ˲ӰȴһɲǣָȻһȴָͷָȻ˺ѣѪڤڤ֮һϣַǣµ״̬ܵķ룡
ȸɫ¶Цо˸Ϊȸȸ֮Ϊ˽⣬˿֪̽˷ڷһУ
СӣȻҵȸûȹһתҵ֮ٽҵ֮
Ψϵߣʼձ˫ۣ·һ飬ע⡣
εԵŮӣŵһȼ㣬ҧ´иӵˮ¡
˷ڣǺɫȸںգչӣһ㣬ȫ¸޾׻ƣɢһ޷ĸ£ȴûи˷ȫ¶ȣȸϡ
ȸ֮ԽӾҸ߰͸һɳĲ
Ǻɫȸֻ
ҵ𣬱ȼֻҵϣȸĴξѣɫȸ˻޴ֱӾͱʣڴﵽն˵ɲǣɫĻϺȻ
ԶԶȥǻͬһ޴Ļѣڻ֮У趯ȸ
ִҵ𡭡ֵ죬ص˲䣬Ļʱͻ˻𺣣ȸΪģȻ˷ȥ
ת֮£ճ׵ǺɫĻ֮У·˷ڣȴûκܵõ
ڸյĻ𺣣ԽԽŨƬ̼䣬ȥͬһ㣬ɨա
㣬˷㣡ֵĵͺȸ֮һɲǣյľͷĳȥ˲Ϣ䣬ĻȻֱȸγһĻϷȥ
ǻУɫȸ֮ϣֵĻӰȻ۳̧ͷգ˫һӡ
䣡
̾о첻ϵػصն𣬻һ˺֮ƺҪ˺
һ̣ϣ޹걳ĵһ㣬䶥һ˿˿ͻȻ֣
ȼˣ
һ֮㣬ȼˣ
ҿάּϢʿڵȴ˶֮󣬱Ѳͣǲȥһɢ˿̣ȴһ˿˿˲䣬Ȼ
Ǻ̳ʼл˿ת֮£ȴǻ˹Ụ̰̃ʣһɸɢǸ£˷ȼգ
ȼռΪңԶԶȥ죬·ɣȼ֮죬Ȼ޷ݣɲǣһ볹ȼճɻң
֧ȽϣһĻ֮ģ
ʿΪһ֧ת˲ͻȼոɾɲǣϵĻ棬ȴȻһ٣
һ֮£ͬ˴˵ʿǵģҲͬһ
˾īӶ˷㣬Ŀת
ߵ˾ɫЩ԰ףһ˿
˷ڣգ̤Ǻɫȸϣȫ޾ףҵ֮£ĺһͷ·Զɽ֮ϣ̱յӰĵ
ң֣˵Ľһ仰͵̧ͷ
תҵ٣ɣ
תҵ٣Ϊҵ֮٣һȸЩɥԶӻɢ
˿̣Ϊȸ˱ӻ֮£Ҫһˣȥתҵ٣
֮УȻϣа׺ڴ£ν֮ɫÿһɫΪһתŽٴӺ׶׶𣬱ֻء
ɹȼֻҵϣԴͻƣʹȸֵĴξѣʵת̤֮
תҵ٣٣
ĺɫ棬˲ϢɨȻһ䣬׵ĳΪѪɫǳâӳգѴضȾ˺⡣
죬޾֮Ȼ͵˷ֱȼն
ϵĵһ㣬Ҳһ֮£·ٴκȼȥ
ӵȼڣʱúãһϢ


1410 
Ѫɫ֮˷֮죬һˣ˷ֱȼɫĻڣ̺һԷ컯֮
ڻ֮ڣ̤ںɫȸ֮ϣ¸ܼΪ̣ǳɫٽɲǣʱһɷյľʹȻӿ֡
תҵ٣һ֮죬ľΪִޱɱ٣ɱٴ˿̵λһȼա
µȸɫУ˻ƺ޷ܣ֣ҲɲǼ۵ĻǾͼҪҪ
Ѿ߹תҵ֮ûϵǵһ٣ͼ޷ܡ
֮£˲Ϣ֮ܶͬãת֮£ǺɫȸͳܲסӼСϵĺףۿɼٶȣĻɫ
һȫΪɫȸͻữһת֮ٵһ֣ʹô˽֣
ͺ¶֮ɫһٳϵǿ޷ӲȴǾܣ˫һӣſ͵һ
һתҵ٣ҿ㽫ֳ׷գǱֹһɷ֮ԽΣԽǲ
˿һ֮£˷ĳ֮ȻֱУ˲Ϣͱ壡
һжɲǼ䷢Ĳ˼飬ճɢȴڣȻ壬̾ͬѪˣѪǴɢҪ˺ѡ
ֻ˿𣬾ֵĻȼա
ϣǾ޹걳ĵһ㣬ȼ棬˲Ϣ£˵Ŀ⣬̰Ḷ́ɲǾͻ˺ɫ죬ƶӳա
ʿһʶľҪ˺
ʱŨĺǵһµȻɢתγһɸ
ͬʱǵһ֮٣ȴǲ֪ΪȻһ١һڱֹ˷ռ
ȸĿתǵһ㣬¶ǡ
˷ڣȫ֮ͬаױǾҵʹ࣬ƺҪȫ߽⡣
ֵͺǰһӣȴǰӱȾ˺ɫȸһ˻ֱֶ˲ϢΪһ塣
ɫڻգǾʹвϵͼҪǳ֮Ϊڣ
ʱȻһ䣬ȴһƬɫͻȻ֣ɫ֮â˸ɲǣתҵеĵڶת֮٣٣
Ͳְʱȥܵ̾ͱɫɺһ£ֱ۶
ҲͰˣǳɫ֮ȴлƹ죬ΧȻֳһȦ˰Ļɫ棡
Ϊ˵ģǻɫһâһ㾪𣬷γһƬϰ㣬Ŀĵɫ棬
ɫ֮ͬʱ֣֮ҵһ̶
⣬ǾתҵٵĿ֮٣һÿһνټ䣬жݵĿ϶תҵǻ֮٣һҪ˱ɣ
˷죬Ǵϣһ⣬ͬӦȴǳɫ֮ڣȻͳ˳ȡơ϶
һδȹȻͬʱ٣⡭ȥȣȸɫ䣬Ҳǵһοתҵ٣ȴû뵽Ȼ͡
ĵģ˾īˣ¶޵Ķ֮Цǵһ㣬İȻ֪Сھ巢ʲô飬ӣȴһǿϧϵܣҲã
˾Ҳǰ˿ָϵ˿Ѿϣǵһ㣬ĬĬ˵֮ˡ
סٻ÷ҧ´תͷߵεоܻã˿ȴʹ밧ȡ
ε̾һģľǣֻһ٣ҾӦÿԶȹ
˷ڣȫɺâת˫ڣ¶Ƕ˵
תҵһ٣ãããĳҪҵ٣νһ𣡡ʹ֮еû¶Цаڵʹѹ£˫һУٴſڣ͵һ
תҵȫ֮ڣǽҷճף֣ɶȣ
˵һɺ飬һɶ̬ȣдһֶصɣǻһĻִ׷ںһһЦУһ֮
ǳЦУǧ޵һת˲ǰһĻĻٻУĸ֮òģһδεĻףǻĿɬǹڷǰ꣬ҹе˼֮һĻĻĳ֡
両УɫХӿ֮ڣڣǺâ
걯ǧ˼׹飬飬Ĺǰᱯ
ɫ֮˸ƹĵת֮٣٣ɫ֮ӿڣȼա
ȪңҲѰ֮µת˼ȴǳΪˣһĨȥ
ɫ֮𣬺٣ճ׵ȾɫΪ죬ɫ֮棬Ȼӿڡ
йâһתļͣ٣ֻȼգһɻ֮ڵٶȣ޷ȽϣۿҪ׷ոоɲǣ̧͵ǰһӣȴغռȻ
һץ֮£װѪľƺУ
ѪһھͿڻ汩ԥЦƺ͵غ£
һڣһ㲻
һӣǾƺ׿ڻȻ䱩Ѫȣ𺣣ڵɫ֮ɫչ˷ĶԿ
Կ֮Уֻǻ𺣷Уȴһ֣ڣһϢѡ
ҰתȫٶУ˷޻ȼǵת٣٣
ȫȻﵽ˼ޣȼ֮УһһֱʣͬһݣֵĲٽ£͵ؾ˾ͷ
֮ȴգ
Ǳ֮󣬺ȻһƬأһƬǵĴأͬģ
⣬ʿֱĶǵһ㣬ȴ֮Ȼͣ٣Ϸʮ⣬һ
ʱ仺ȥһϢһϢת֮£ȻȥϢ֮࣡
Ĵȸһ֧£ҲֻάϢ־ȻҲϢ
Ϣ
Ϣ
˫Ŀһ¶֮ɫ
ǵһϢ˲䣬ϣȴȻо֮ͻȻⲻһ˵ľǧ˵ͬʱڱɲǼ䣬Ǿ죡
ǾģǵһϢǡ˷㣬ϢɲǣȻϨ

ͻȻһĻʱ˻Ȼ֮ңȸҲ˫͵һģ¶޷֮ɫ
⡭⡭
˾īƬ̵Ĵͣ¶𾪡
ߵ˾ȴɫ䣬ֵ˿ڣٴҪ㡣


1411 Ĵξѣ
˷⡭飬δֹҵĴСȸҲδй£㣬ȻϨ𣡡ȸ𶯣Ϩ˷㣬˺Ȼ
ʱ䣬Ϣ㡭
ǵٵ׷ʲô飬Ȼ𣡡
̫ţ޷󡭡
ʿ𾪻Ȼ֮е˲䣬𺳵飬ˣȴǵڶ㣬طĵط㣬Ȼģȼˣ
ûڶ㣬ȴǺȻ䣬йŨգ
ƿ˷죬һƬޱ޾Ĵ֮ϣ֮ѷ죬һ޴ӣӣͨ˷磡
ִһȫ˷͵һɢȴ̾Ͱӳ˻֮ڡ
ֵɲǣƬصľͷ֮һͺɽɽ֮ϣȴϥһˣ쿴ۣ꣬ŷü֮Уһõȸӡ
ϥһ˿̣ȴǻ˫ۣĿ֮˸
˵Ϣ
ֳط˲䣬Ļ̾;ҵ˸⼱ɲǾأۿȥһƬɫ֮ʱƾȼա
֮󣬻֮ɫ
౾˿ֻ֮£˹֮һƬīɨڸգһƬħݺĹס
ɫ٣ٽɻֱַչ沿ȻŤǸҪڵֻʹĿг˻ǡ
˲Ϣ䣬ڵĻʹ͸壬ȻȺɫĻϣȻ˺ѣڵȸҲĲҽУն
ֵĻǣ
ͬʱٵɫٽֱĻܣ߲ʻۣԶԶȥγ˲ʺһĻ
ؾͷɫһ䣬Ȼ̧ǰ͵һӣȴüӡͻȻ˸ȻüķɳԼٶƿնȥֱ߲ʻ档
ͬһʱ䣬˷µ֣ȫ߲ʻ֣̾ͳһƬƬϸܵĹѣת۾ȫһ˿˿Ѫǹ֮Ϊˡ
ȸ˼һΣֱȼյĵڶ£ȥٵȼգ̾ͷϣʶȻֱڡ
εͬǰһȥɲǾͳ˵ڶ£ȫâһ˫ָȻ˵ڶϡ
طڣ߲ʻУһȸ涼޷ȹӻľתҵ٣֮ꡣ
ɢɲǣӪ֮Ȼ٣Ϣٽ˲䣬ȴǴȼյ߲ʻڣͻȻһѣȻ
͸Ųɣһ֮㣬߲ʻƵ
ؾͷӵȸӡǸһ֮ʱһֱӱأǧ
ѵκ˿˵ûκʸ񣬿㣡
ؾͷͺɽ֮ϣ˫͵һӶʱվкȻ֮ɫ
⡭ʲô
ȸʶٽ֮һ̵ȻֱӾͱطڡ
εʶ֮ͬһ⼱˸Ȼˣ˲ϢͱƳ˵ط硣
ϣǵڶȼ⣬ȸֱһɴ̧Ŀ¶֮ɫʶ˺󼸲
ʲô
ε˫ָһ飬ͬ˺ɫ¶𾪣֪ܶ࣬˿һ۾ϳǹоµǡ
桭εûпڣĬ죬תصٻ÷ߡ
˷ް
˾īһУɫ¶𺳣Ȼε˵ΪǾˣȴôҲû뵽֮Ȼ
˾ɫΪ֮ٸ죬ָоƺҪ֪һ֮¡
Ҳ͵ĴƶվĿ˸
ˮ˵ģȻû
طڣֻǱճɾɲǣ棬ڳ֣Ե֮ȥʼûг֣ѰңҲ˿޷ҵʧһ
˿̣֣
ֵ˲䣬߲ܵʻȻһ̷תȫ֮ڣߵ֣
һӤȭͷСӣȻƯ˰գߵ֣Ư⣬أһõӰ֮С
ߵڵλãȻ֮Ӱ
ŵ˫Ŀ߲ʻȻһ߲ʻ֮籩ɫƽ߲ʻ֮籩ڣ̧ͷԶա
أһ˲Ϣڣȥһɫ߲ױ⣬ܵһУΪ˺ף
ͬһĻɽˮǺףȥ͸޾
תҵ٣٣٣
ɫΪ죬ɫΪأּɫĻ棬ۣת֮£ͺȻٽһɲǼѹҪ߲ʻ֮籩ͬڵֻ
̫죬ת۾٣ǰɫǰɢֱӾͷ߲ʷ籩߲ʷ籩תһ٣Űɫ룬߲֮ɫټһɫ
ɫ滷֮£ɫƽһ٣
תҵ٣Ӻ׶׶䣬һֻأ
Ǻٽɲǣֵ˫ۣıպϣȻص׾سʹǰɫ棬˲Ϣͳľɫ
ɫҵȫ֣γһɾ춯صķ籩Ƿ籩ģͷ޷Զڳɫ֮⣬ڰ׶ɫ֮Ѹٵۡ
ɫ֮ڵɫ֮üģ
ȫûɲǣ͵˫Ŀ
غ䣡
ȼֻҵ֮𣡡ֵܴ˲ϢڵľɫӸֱüۣת֮¾໥üںһ
һɫ
ǻоƬֲ꣬ͬɫֵ̣һɫȸǻȻûֱӳ
ɫȸԡз裬ͷһ֮˻ȸ֮
Ĵξ֮
ϣ֮صǵطȼһ룬Ȼͣ٣ɢɫ֮âѴӳڡ
ȸһ֮£쳤Цɫ¶
Ȼȹ˾תҵ٣ȼֻҵϣʹȸĴξѣĴξܷ֮񳹵׾ѣܷʵ̤𾳽磬ͿһˣΪףҲҪһѣȸЦһΣȴһ֮£Ӱʧ
Ƭ̣ԶһĴ͸ŭίȴԶʣһȸ̧һ
ʿĿɿڴУȸ̧Ȼ˵طϣһӣȻͷ˿ڴնһ˺ۣѪ٣Ȼ£Ⱦȼյĵط㣡
ʹ֮УĿˮί벻ʣΪҡ
žһȴȸһϣһɻ֮ĳڣ߶ʹѪҺ죬ࡣ
̵ģСҶСӾѳɹӷɣ
һ˻ĿжʱԥܿͱһҧΪļѪ


1412 ɫһ
ӵеѪҺȻӦǼ࣬ȸҪģȴͷǹ֮һѪ
Ѫ̺ȫ֮֮ط֮ѪҪ̫ࡣһȻͺϡ٣ǱȸһĹȥʱͰȫѪ׼ȼյĵطϡ
ѪҺһϣʱʧ
طڣɫƯգϥǻ֮ϣӴľŲȸ˻ϣ˻͸һҪһ㣡
޾â˸˷ӣط֣纣֮ƣܺȼա
Ŀ棬˫֮̾лڵһ»ûǻɫĿͫתתԽԽ죬Ƭ̣ȥȻ˾ɫС
ɫһȸĴξѣһƬһѾȸξѣÿһξѣʹ֮
֮ǰȣȴ磬ȸĵĴξѣȸһмΪؼǴʵתΪص㣡
ñȸĴξߣʵ̫̫٣ˣ
һȸȸȸĴȸ⣬ֻ֣ǻȸĵ棬֮Ҳһ˿ȴȸѣԭͲȸ֮˵
Ǵ˵ͳȸȣҲֻаѣ
Ĵξѣѵĳ̶޷ݣͨһһʿɵ
ֻȸĵĴξ֮ʱĻ֮Ȼﵽ˲˼ĳ̶ȣֻӵ㹻֮𣬷оѳɹĿܡ
ϥ¾ɫͷų޾ɫ棬ڣͫ׻ûʹǾɫ֮ת졣
ͬʱӴľŲȸ˻ԽӾңԿٵأʹطΪ֮
֮ǲ͵̧ͷȻȼĿеľɫиǴĿڻûγ˾ɫ籩籩죬˽硣
ֵȸĴξѣִҵȼֻҵ϶ɣһ֮Ҫࡣ
һɲǣͻȻط֮̾һƬѪ˸ȴغ֮£СƬѪ꣡
Ѫ䣬ÿһڶ̺֮ɢصĸ£ǵĽ٣ʱ͸һ»
ЩѪһ£δأ۶ܣȻγһѪ
Ѫȼգһ֮жʱͱǾŲȸգȻ䣬ϵĻ汩ǾŲȸҲǷ˾֮
طĻ棬˲Ϣ䣬Ũ
Ѫʼ䣬˫֮£ĳȼգеľŲȸǼ˻£ѪУȫľŲë֮̾ȼ
ǲ¶⣬ܸܵʹԼȸĴξѵĻ֮ûдﵽѵĳ̶ȡ
ʱطڣͺɽ֮ϵӣĿ¶֮⣬ңңԶ˫֮һӣȴüǻӡǣ˸֣Ưǰ
ǻ飬һ
̾૵ϤϢǵ³ƵϢҵȥȴǿǺӡɫץǰһ˦
طڣʱһƬ֮϶֮û¶ȣȴԷһУ˿ֺ̳̾ƿأֱڷٽ
˲Ϣ䣬ͳܣԼٶȣľŲȸڡ
ӣȸ³֮ʦĴ
ȻȸĴξѣ̤뵽֮˿ּ̻ȴ־Ųȸ˲䣬ȸٴη߰˻
Ļ棬ɲǾͱ
ⱩĻ֮£ϥڻϵ壬췢һХȫ̾ͷɫ֮籩תȸ֣ת£ƺҪɫһ
תԽԽ죬ԽԽң֮Уɫ籩ȴϡһƬ磬ڵľɫģ
ɲǼ䣬Ǿɫ֮еĳ֮ɫȻɢһգţɫ֮һ˲Ϣɢ
ɫĻ棬ںһʹ籩Ϊ롣
ط磬ȫ֮Уȼա
˿Ǵϣ۰Ͱ͵ȸͷİڵѪȻŸɣҲ㡣
ȸ۾һɣͺȵ̵ģʲôѪûˣ͸ѰѪô󣬷ŵѪҲ¡
Ҫȸȴǿһֱ˫һӣȴǻһ֮Ȼͷסڣʹɢ㣬ıڡ
ɱص֮ȸһɨʱһɴС˿̳֣ѪȻ䡣
㶼ѾѪǴ˿̷ɾǰ׷ˣС޷ѣȻ޷سŵ
ĿίŨȸĻȴ˫ĿһգļѪҺ
ȸһǱ̬֮ˣһȸҴƭǲϵشϷѪӣʱܵͷȸȻŵˣ˵ʲôҲҪƴһѣ
ѪطڣʹǵطУѪ裬£𺣸ң
ЩѪ˵ȲѪʤ࣬һͬʹĴξ棬ȻŨ
Ļ籩ȴԳࡢȶɫɢǻɫ֮ҲȻɢţǹɫҲͬɢ
ϣȸĿ¶⣬ҧ֮üһ㣬ֱָ̧ط㣬ȴȻûһֱָطȥ
СһϷΪ˰㣬ƴһУܷɹĴξѣͿ컯ˣ
طڣѪ֮ȸƵǵһ㣬ֵȸ֮ڡ
ӿֱ֣Ӿǻ籩Уࡢɫ棬ͬʱɢӰ
˿̵籩ɫȻݣΨʣºڰ׶ɫ
籩ڣ˫¶⣬˫̧һ˦е޿ȼ֮Ȼˣұ㲻ڰ׶ɫǿڣ
ڣ
ֵͺǺڰ׶ɫĻ籩ʱһȴǴڣɢһɹɢɲǣǺڰ׶ɫ֮еİɫȻɢ
籩ֻʣ˺ɫ
ɫķ籩תɫȴԽԽԽԽƬ̺һ쳤Х£ǺɫȻ
ɫһ
ڹһ˲䣬Ƿ籩ڣֵȸֱӳȸȫתһƬڳ籩ɲǣ췢˾춯صһȸ֮
ȸĴξѣɣ
Ĵξѣתʵ飡͵¾ɫȻ鿪Ƭȸȥ


1413 ֮䣡
ȸĴξѵһɲǣطڻһ٣۶˲Ϣʹ˷٣ͬɨ˴أת۾ȸȫ
ǾɫƬȸγһɫףȫܻ֮١Ƭ̾Ͱ㲻ʣȫȸڡ
ԶԶȥﻹʲôȸһز飡ĻȻʵ۷壬ٽһͿ̤֮
ȸŤڻ䣬ڽյת䣬һ̿ɳɶ̣ݲðţһţǧѷĻͻɢȸĴξѣҲᵹ˻ȥһĴξѵĿܣ
һʱ̣˵Ϊؼ
ʱȴһĻ޷Ԥϵľ֮䣡
ǵطĴǣ֮ʿĿתע⵽˿̵Ĵ⣬ǻܵԪ˺֮ٵķӿ֮Ук֮ƴ
ǴǵӣɳΣתٶȣӦǺѲ˿̣ǺȻһɫ䣬ӿܵʿ̾͸ܵһƵҡɽ˺ѵ𶯣
ȴǣȻת
ǲݲϸ΢תԽԽ죬Ƭ̣Ǿͬϵָ룬ת
һʣ̾ʿһɫ䣬˾ī¶Ȼ͵̧ͷ
ߵ˾֮УһȴѪģ˺ɫ˲ϢҰףһѪ
Ǿ䣬̫źƽٽ𣡣˾˺УӲ¶־壬
ŵļ㣬Ȼ˾Ҫһеĳ̶ȣһɲǣȴǱһɲ֪Ӻδٵ٣ʹֺȻ
㱻ϣֻķϵ˲ϢпһĻõĻ档
ǻУһģıӰ⻷һӣ⣬һָ֮̫ǳѪ⣬ʬ޾
̫ǳȾѪɫ
Ԫһ̫ǳĵܣ׷ײ
Ƿı
ǿԼıģ֮һȫʱʹȴɻңԪȻԪɲǣеĲҽС
ǲҽУ˲ϢģıӰתƿһۡ
һۣΪجΣ
ٴѪ˾˺ɣɫ˴δйĿ־塣
һԾ𣬽Ʋɢһӱץڰʶһɨȴɫ˱仯
εͬ˫Ŀһһȫ˸ԼŮĿ磬̧ͷȻҵա
У˿̱һƬƬȡ˴޾˺˸ȴǴԪ˺ѣڴͻȻת£
ȸɫΪأ̧ͷ
ʼձĿϥϵƤߣҲһ͵˫ۣĿ¶𾪡
ˣ͸˵ܵʿˣЩʿһȻɢ־񡣴˿̵ǣҡεĸоĸܵڼٵתϣȻҲ֮ת
֮ϵľ޹̧꣬ͷ췢һĳ˻
Ԫ˺ճ֣˵Ŀ£תȻ٣ֱǾ޹ȥ
ʿȻɢһ¶ڵĿ־塣
ΨȸˣһδĶǼٵԪС
ԪȻȴϮ޹ֱ꣬䱳ǵڶ㣬ط㣡ɲǼ䣬оԼٶȣһ˵طڡ
ԶԶȥһĻΪˣǵطΪһڶŴ˵һԪ
ȸ¶𾪣ʶĵ
⡭˾īɫ¶ȻȴãȻ֪ǵطڣʲôʣ
ɫҰ׵˾ڿԪӿط˫־֮ɫŨ
ĪǡĪõıӰ
ֱĶŵط㣬𺳣ڷ棬棡
طڣʵת龳ĹؼͻȻ֮䣬ӣȴȻͱһ֮
ɫһ䣬˲͸ܵطȻһ𣬷ڼٵתֻһʱ֮жϡ
һɲǣطգͻȻͱһƬȡڳһɼΪǿԪ֮ǵأֱ֣
ݲ㣬޾ԪͺȻٽӿڣ֮Уؿ֮УӻûȥһϵӿԪ֮
Ϲâ˸ÿһ˸Ԫͻȥ
һжǵʯ䷢˲䣬־͸оںȴԪ֮ͬʱͷųһڣĻУȻ˸һ棡
⻭УȫһƷ
һ޴̣
֮Աȵǿգϣһ޴ָ룬ָתϸĹ˸Ĺʱתָת˸֪ȥ
̵ģǶһ޴ӣӣȻǡ棡
ֻгЩͬʱ̫ǳڣ֮У⣬ͬһĻпߣ𺳵û֣
Ǵ⣬Ƶǿ޾â˸ȴǽһ޴ԲΣ֮öǴУȥָͬ룡
˿ڼתָת
̵ģȻһģ˸һƬǣ¶һ˵Ӱˣ֣
ָתĴǣһȦȦļת֮ͻȻ֮һȴֹͣתָָϷ
ֹͣתɲǣһĹָĴ˸֮ϷǿգХȥ
ĹⲻֻǺȻ뿪˵֮أݵٶȣ˸ߣһ·赲һ֮ʿҲãҲգȫĹ˲䣬Ϣ߽⡣
ת֮䣬ĹϷľͷȻǷڣ⣬Ŷʿפأ˿ЩʿֻоǰһĹһȴٽǧʿһһ׷߽⡣
ĹֱӾ˷ʱһ㣬ȫûâ֮УĹɢ֪˴󣬻ƿ˴ȥ
ọ̃ҲɢˣǴҲתָڵطڣڵӣһԪȻһ͵ɢƺѷɵһУȫ³
ֵͬһɸӣȻдԪڱڹؼʱ̣ʵתȸ׵壬ͱԪȥ
Ԫɨ˲䣬ȸ͵һȴȫʵ׵ĳΪֻȴ򱻴ɨڳ˼Ϊı仯
ֱ仯һȸ濴ҲΪ֮𺳣


1414 ֮
Σȼһ棬ȴֻ˵Уȸһʿ𲻵Ϊá
Ϊȸһ֮ףɱˣȴܴʿΣʶ㲻
ʵת֮ʱɾͶ٣һֱʿҲֻôࡣ
£ֵڵһɲǣȴǱԪɨڷһ־һ涼޷Ĺ仯
ڵ˲䣬Ԫڵһ˿Ԫ֮˵Ҳˣڵһ˿ʱɢ
ֵڣȴͷŶԪ֮㣡
һ𾡹ûб仯ĴڣȴʹֳΪ˹һ֮ˣ
ֵڵ֮ʱ࣬䲻ϵգǿ̶ȣԺȻţ
Ԫڷɢת۾ط磬Ƭ̺ƿ˽磬Ǵϵĵطڹ
޾Ԫգɢ֮£»ص˴⣬Ϊ˻ܵԪ˺ѡ
ȥƺ֮ǰûκα仯ϸȥȴǿԷ֣Ĳͬ
ûнǰԪ˺ѷ˱Ű£ڷһ壬ͬһ㡣
ʿһĻǵĿУǵطɢеԪȼ˿һľ㣬Ȼͷ֮
̶ĴʿУֻϣһϸܵѷ죬ѷԽԽ࣬Ƭ̾㡣
һط㣬мȻϿȼյһб£͸·ľ޹꣬һ֮ϡ
һƬž
޹걳ϣ˷Ϩ𡣵طѡΨһʵģֻʣһ췽㣡
˾ɫԽӲ԰ףǶϿĵط㣬ͬϿʹп־壬Ũ
Ӧòġ
˾īӿڸĿֵһĻĻȻֱڣЩ㱣֮жʼջδ֣ɵòһ˿ļɵ
ⱾǲֵܳΪһܣȻһڵڶʿɵ֮ġ
£ȴ˾īӵϣˡ
Ƕϳصĵط㣬˫ۣһ֮£óһӣݺݵҧһڣĿ̰֮ɫһ
桭桭Ҫˣ
εɫӣջĿ⣬Ĭߵٻ÷ͷ顣
ȸԼͷһץ¶Ц
Сһ׸ЩʲôղŴǵıʣйءСϣ˶ܡ
¿ɺãһϨ𣬵ڶϿ⻹ôôɼ
ܵʿڶݵļž֮󣬷׷׻Ȼ
ڶ㾹Ȼˣ⡭
ĵٵۣʲôΪôܻһǵһϨ𱾾𾪣֮ȣʲô
²ǵٵйأϣǷŴǵԪ£ֻΪλͻȻڡ
˼УͬģȴеĿ⣬һһ˵һ£ʼձĿϣȴѣ
ǻѣ֮ǰһƾյĵȼһ֧㡭
طڣԪȫӿֶؿڵӣҲʧ
ط磬žΨǰȸϵ֮ĬĬȼա
ֿ֮ȸſһʱȸ˻ֱ֣Ŀ֮ڣһ˲䣬ںȻɢŨŨɫܣɢһ֮
ĺһ̧ͷԶƬ̺δѡȥǰһӰֱӾͿԽǧط羡ͷ֮ǰУʼûзͺɽ
ͺɽ֮ϣĴȸĬĬڴ˵أ֮ǰһĻĻܵļΪ𺳡
ϾǳˣܿͰѹ£ĬԶ
ǰŤ߳Ĵȸ⣬վͬĬ
ȸĴξѺһʱգҪмǡĴȸͷ֣
Ŀ¶ӣǰӣȭǰĴȸ
ǡӵͷ
û˵֮󣬵ȸдǰģǵĴȸҩͯ
¶ˣĬĬص˵ͷ֪꣬ˡ
̧ǰһӣ̾дѷûȴǴڣطɳһʯ
ʯ񣬺Ȼȸʥʬ
ʥһΪȸʥŻѪҿû˭ֵóΪȸʥʵʬиֵһĻĻ
ʥΪȸʥڽ֮ʱ㲻ڣȸҲڡʥڣ׻ʥսʥӣʥʱ꣬Ψȸʥһάֱ֣ȸʥ֮¡ʦ𡭡
ܼǰʬ룬ʥڤڤ֮飬Ҳѡǵȥʼûлʦļҡ
˺󼸲ʥʬ£ͷʥʣӴȸʥڰأĴȸߣؼҡ֮޷ҵĳŵȥ
ָ֮ӵĿĴʥһۣȭлǰǡְ̾תȥ
ԽܶȸĴȸȴ޷ܡǵĴȸȥĴξ֮УʥʵĴڣǵĴȥʥҲ
Ĵȸӵʬ˲¶ŨŨıʬԣֲ̧Ħ
³ơΪʦԲס㡭ĴȸУˮ
ʥڵһ飬Ϊʦֻ֪ǣһزȥ̫ǳ󣬳˱ʣһ֮·ӡĴȸૣӺһӾͲʬĿ⣬͸׷䡣
ЩҪƿķӡʼ޷ɹһ棬Ҳ޷⿪ӡֻطڣ߲벽
һȥǷӡͻᱬʹɥʧΪ񡭡³ƣΪʦȥǻزȥĴȸᣬӵʬϣ޾ˣʹĻ䣬ģȴһεĻڡ
ӡУȸҲУѹ֮£Բطڣȴ߲֮ء
֮ء֮أȸһĵ֮ءҪôҪô߸Ĵȸɬૣƺӽ͡
ֵӰȥԽԽԶʧӰ
ӰʧɲǣϣǵһϨ˷£ŵ˫ۣȻ䣬


1415 ֮Ĺء
˫ĿɲǣֵĿھɫ飬תʹӿΪ죡
˫۵ɲǣһ֮ںȻ֮춯أ˷
ͷ޷Զ趯ջطڵһϵ֣תܣ
˾һֱ֣˫۵˲䣬Ŀֵۣһɲǣ˫͵֮ͫУǿ־
Ӳϵ˺˿ǧ֮˷ʧȥһɫ֮ףͬˣ
Ŀ⡭⡭˾ԶҲǲǻڣԼһ˲䣬ģıӰתԼĿ⣡
ǿò֮ˣǾɫת
˾īĶ֣Ĭ
ֵͬģĿ֮â¶һ˿΢ɲЦ
ȸЦɫοģǶ֮ǰһĻĻ𾪣Դ֮£һΣϲ
ֻҵϻɫȼĴξ֮ףʵ龳ããȸЦ
ϥϵƤߣֵĿ⣬˲ͬȸսΣ̫֮ǿ󣬴˿̿־Ȼ̤֮ȴǲɵ
εŮĬĬ֣鱻ε𿴵İ̾һ
ҵ꣬ûĨȥ¶ļ䣬ǰ£ȫһֻʽͨεĬеһΣڵ֮£˻⡣
ֵĿɨĺ˿˵ϣһ˿˿ת룬Ϳһ˿
ֵĿ⣬˾֮ʱŮ̾͵ͷӻˣֻϣ֮ҪŨ
ջĿ⣬ȸһȭҲȻѣ
ȸЦݸʢһӣͰץŵԶЦСˣ
˿ȻһϢȫѪҺ󶼱ͷųһ˻ȴ˫Ŀð⣬һļٷɳԶԶʧߡ
δһ췽ڣڵ㣬ȥɣȸĿһۡ
˷𣬵طϣ췽㣬ȴϨϣһ棬Ҳǵ԰أģǱάʱԽǱԽ󡭡ϷʮϢĴʮϢ֪ǼϢٸһξϲϷɵڵĽƷ㣬ǽڣȴӳ֮غѰҵõ
дػ뿪ϷҲͷˡȸĻ񣬳֮⣬û˿
ֵ˵ͷĿԶգȥ֮
Ȼ˴ǵɫ˷ܡ
ˣˣ𣡣ڴħڽѣˣˣˮɫ˿̵ȴ˿֪걻һȸƭ˺ֱȸֱˡ
ջĿ⣬ûпˣǻһ췽£ĬƬ̧̺֣췽¡
һȸ桭ȸһ֮桭ԶĴս֪̫֮¡
ȸ̫ǳΪλлȸڣ
ȸһô䡢׻Ҳڣ
Զ֮˵Զɻʣǲͬһˣǣʲôϵ
ֳĬУ˫ۡ
췽磬ȫͬһƬ˰Ƶ磬췽磬֮⣬ֻһ
һ޴ĵΪӴԶԶȥռСأ̣һòȸһߣ๣󻹳ȸ֮ᣡ
˫Ŀպϣü֮һžɫ棬ȼա
쿪ϣֵӰһƬâ˸У֮ϡ

̫ǳڣһƬǿ֮УһƬƬƻصⲨˣԶɢڲ֮ǰһĹ˸һ
Ĺûе֮ǰһǣ֮ûκ飬ڷĴڡ
ʿٽҲȥһֻۡǣǵλãȴǡôĹ·ϣĹ⴩͸ɲǣϢ䣬߽ɻңֻƣܻĵȥ
ֻǣڴ˿̣߽֮ȴǲУ¶һʮɴСѷ죬ѷɢʹѷԽԽ
͸ѷ죬ģĿڷһ磬Ưʯÿһʯ֮ϣһ޴ͷ­
ǹ񣬻ǹħǹѷڰɴСʱֹͣӣƯһһɭɭ֮ڣȴʳĵ
ĳ֣̫ǳУһʿķ籩
֮Ĺء


1416 ȸ
췽ڣǰռصľ޴Ŀ⾼
ӣ̫Źִ֣δò֮ˣôʿȸ
ĬƬ̣˫ֱȭǵңңһݣȸ档
µɲǣüĵľɫȻҵȼճ죬ɫܣǵŵ˫Ŀйâ˸
Բ֮ѪĴξѣܲ˵ںƵ
ɫƽҪ˵
к⣬ѯʣȸδʱ䲻࣬ÿϢ׼ѯһʣ˵ûκε֮ɫֵĻ
µɲǣվƣʱлȻǻʵ֮мת䣬ÿŴΣͻʹô˻
˻𲢷𣬶Ǳȸ֮ڱȸʱ˻ֱ֮Ϊȸɭס
ھ֮ʱ̫ǳǹ֮Ĺصİѷ죬һɲɣϢ̫ǳڣǿգڲϵɢ£޾ΧڵۺѲĳ
ЩԽԽ࣬γһ籩籩ѷΪģܺХԶԶȥͬһƬתơ
Ƿ籩ԽԽת֮¾޾ǳ
һɼΪµǷ籩һ飬е£ܻķǣҲı˴ڵĹ켣ձĳڣѸٽ飬Ϊз籩һ֡
̫ǳڣңңǿУʮſһУĵĵʮϣԶԶȥȫǺͬˮǡ
Ǻ޾ˮ֮£ϥһʿ
Ӳϣͷ׷ˮиÿһɣʹǺХ֮ȥ
ǹ֮Ĺ˺з籩γɵ˲䣬͵˫ۣһƬ䣬ȥһ
ԾĿһ¶һ˿ԥ
ڴϣ޷⣬Ժ˵ٹ飬ȥǳ֮鿴
ߣ̫У壬ڴϵֻ֮꣬һ
ͬʱڵ֮⣬ǿһӼΪӴ󣬿һǵԲξޣ趯޾룬٣䱳ߣԭĿ˿ͻȻ͵վԶ¶֮â
ǡ֮û˵µľ£ȴȻһ٣̿ԶӲĿ¶־뼤֮ɫſ򿪣һ˻
һԥת򣬲ٿֱ֮Ĺؿ򼲳ۡ
ϣʿ췽㣬ʱͻȻƯڰյ꣬ɫȻһ˼ȸһȭЦλѣ»Ҫ£Ͳˣǣ
˵ţתһȥӰһƬ⣬ɢ֮С
ͻȻıʣ˲֮ʱ˵ذȸڵеܣȴǷ׷ɫ˱仯
εĿһ̧ͷԶһͬȸһȭ¹أϷҲҪȥ˵꣬ɨһٻ÷̾дһ˦˸Ůˣɢڡ
ϵƤߣҲ˫Ŀ֮â˸봩͸ס쳶һ£ȸһȭû˵һޣ޳˻з𣬿һɨֱʶȥ
˾˾īӶ໥ۣ˾ȭҪ˵ʱͻȻ췽ϣ̹
췽ȼ
ô͵ȼһ㣡
֪ٵ۴˷άּϢܷ񳬹ĵڶٵۣ
ʿĿ췽ϣ׼ȥ˾ҲĿȥ
췽ȼ죬棬ͬһ㣬ǻܣ·ȥ
һϢϢϢ
췽磬ϥǾ޴ڣһɾɫȼգԶԶȥͬһ
ոһ֣̺˼ΪµĻ֮Ϣʱת˲ţڱĻȣȴʹ˲͸ܵһݵȡ
ַڵ¯֮УڱһָоԽԽǿңǻķգڲϵر
ÿһϢУ涼תŴΣһÿһϢȥͻ
ϢϢȻȫҪ
ʲô꣡
ĸܵԼȸոĴξѣڵϢһǾͻ̱յĸɸɾ
⣬޻״̬²ĺȫڳһ֣̆һһƬա
˿ƺΪһȵʯҪٻ٣
췽ڣɫ԰ףɫٹһͺ˫֮͵һӣĿھɫȻûһ֮зй⣬Ի𿹻
֮޴вϵػصϢϢ
ϣʿ񣬶ֵ˿ȻˮϢ˲䣬һ£
췽ȼգҲڻ˽һһ١
ȸ̫ǳΪλлȸڣ췽ڣͦϢɲǣ
ȸΪ죬ӣԴȸȸ⣬޷Żһȸ棬Աȸкô˵شǼ򵥣˵꣬ٴĬ
ȼյĻȴǺȻһĻ֮һ籩
ڱ籩һ壬ʱɫоʹĴһڻɫɲǾͲҰһƬ
ˣӾѪδ䣬ͱոѣڻɢ
ĿһĻȸ˫ɫãΪ
һĪǻͷˣȻɭ췽ӦǸ컯ⷬΪǺ⣡
˾īĿ˸ͬ¶֮ɫɵ˾Ŀ⽻˾ҧ´˫ۣȥ㣬һ뵽ֵĿ⣬ȴһȻȥܡ
Ϣ
Ϣ
Ϣ
췽£ֿѪϵȫƤ̸壬ƺѪӻڷĻ֮£Ϊ֮
췽ڵֻǣҧŤһȸĻ籩ȻǾɫǳΪһƬ磬ڵ¶ȣȻﵽܳܵļޡ
ҵķ֮£ʹ糱֮ǰˡҪֹ
͵̧ͷĶһȸ˫¶ŭ֮£ĿֱӾͼû
ɲǺأȴ췽ڣƾվͳ޾磬ЩֱĿ˲Ϣ䣬Ŀͼֱӳ֣⡣
ͼ֮£ߣӲְʱ䣬ȹ˵ھϢʮϢ


1417 
ڵʮϢɲǣͼâɣڸ̺Ĵȸѻ档
ԶԶɻʣʲôϵ
磬Ϊɻʣ֮ʱ𡭡һȸڣ֮ûκ
仰µɲǣ֮ϵĻ棬ȴٴαǻ籩˲Ϣ˺ѣ֮γһ޴ȸȸǲϣƺ£ȸĿɭ֮һ춯صȸֱ֮͵س
ʮһϢ
¶˫֮ӿ˻ͼ˲ͷŴȸɲǣ͵վӣϺȻһơ
Ȼ䣬ûĲȸͼײĻصأһɾ޴ĳ˷ȥ
Ӿ𣬻ֱ֮Ӿͱһ룬Χɢ֮£Ǿ
Ѫҡҡ׹ɫһƬңдĺȴȫѪҺı
һĻʿһĿɿڴȸ˫ͫȴǵͺȻǰһȥֱӾ췽£ֱ̧Ӱ棬ʶȻֱ췽硣
ʶ˲䣬Ž
棡Ǻ⣡ĪȸˣĪǱɲɣ
£˵ͺһֱ֮ӾȸʶϣʶıƳ췽硣
ȸд㣡
ʮϢ
ͼƬص˫Ŀ֮ͫڣǲϵȸȫһ٣Ǳкʮɡ
һӣȴǰȻͳ˴ѷ죬ѪһѪٶɫһָ֮£Ѫֱʣȸȥ
ʵһɲǣѪ֮˫һָգͺȵ֮ͼ̫׽磡
ʮϢ
ԽԽȻ춯أڻڵɲǣ̧͵ǰһ˺
غȴնʱŤһǧɳ̵ľ޴ѷ죬Ȼͱ˺ѷڴ޾ɼ̫Ӵߡ
̫׽磬Ȿϵͨѻ֮£ټԴɣȴͬʩչУ֮
ŭۿǧѷڣȻ̫ʱһȸȴǻص
ȸӡ⣡Į£ǲȸһ˻ֱǧѷȥ˲Ϣ澪ˣǻ˸£ֱӾӡǧѷϡ
ԶԶȥȸһ޴ķӡ˺ǧ̫׽磬Ȼ
̫Ҫƾײ޷ƿȸӡ
ʮϢ
һ𣬲˼һӣȴеѪתֱǾ޴ĵȥת۾Ѫٽʱǵʼձŵ˫ۣȴ͵
һ˫ûκɫʵ˫ĿɲǣѪȻһ֣֮ͣǵü⣬޷ǰС
ѽȻУһȸһ¶֮⡣
⣬ȸɫֱ˺ӵĿ֣²ⲻ⣬ΪλΪ
ʮϢٵ۾ȻҲʮϢʿʱ˾ʼڼʱ䣬˿̿־ȻҲﵽʮϢȴһ
ʮϢȻǴ˼ޣ㿴ҪȫѪ
˾ī˫ۣΪȻȸЦ
ֳ⣬Сִ˷۲ֱ֮УҲʡȴϷһֽš
췽ȼվң˿̼ٷپ볹вʮɣ³УʮϢȥ
췽ڣڵʮϢȻ˲䣬վƣȻһȴǶ
ȭںУڻ£ֱĵȥͲʳĻᣬָͺȻѹ¡
һ֮٣ʹ޷ۿָɽֵͺһ˫͵ǰһ̧ȫ֮̾ȴָ£ѹ˫ϡ
һȫҪ߽ĸоȻصɫͺ֮°ǿºȻ
ʮϢ
ʮϢ
ʮϢ
ֵ壬ϵرȻգָڸһУȡգֵּʮϢɲǣȻսȭͷ
ȭͷսɲǣȸ֮Ȼʹȭͷھ𣬸һƬȭͷָ˸ȴֵĻǣȸ
һȸĵ˫Ŀ¶֮⣬ԼȭͷĿƺԴ͸ȭͷУڿȸ֮ꡣ
üľɫһ֮£ɢһֱ֮ȭͷȥ
֮Σȴȭͷ˲䣬ƣ̾˻֮С
һ֮䣬ʱ򣬻뱾ȸ˵ʵôϣȸͿϵĶߣҪ֪ݣͽɱҰٵݣҪְŶ֣֮У
ǰڸң㣬˭Ϊðȸһ֮ˣСϵأڱȸΣ
ڵ˲䣬һȸ˫Ŀ¶֮Ķȭͷ֣еĹ۲ֵһ顣
ⷬȻһ㶣ȴŭЦ
ȻִԲ򣬱ȸʹһһȸ֮ŨĶȭͷڵ֣ڻ֮ȭͷϵ֮͵ֱȭĶȥȻֱӳȸڡ
ȸɲǣһȸУĿһĻĻõĻ棬ǻУȸüȸӡǣȸһξѣڶξѣξѡ
һĻĻ棬һȸֻһɨһһ˲Ϣϸ鿴ǧ飬ĺһ֮ɢ¶˴δֹһ˿顣
ȭͷҲɿ
ܼôҲĮ飬͸һ˿͡
ȸĶһ棬һﲻ
Ϸ꣬Ϊһˣˣʶ³޷߳췽벽ͻȻ֣һжص㣬ϷҪ֮ǰһУϣ⡣
ֳĬȸɢ»Σڵȸ
ûѻ궼޷ƾϷһй۲죬ûпߣֱգ֪Ǳһȸ͸һŨŨĺ⡣
û£Դһ㼫ΪԴǳΣȴѵãֻǣĵ·ߴˣһȸ֣ڡ
ԴɺӦֹţȴûд򿪡ΪҲԣҲԡ룬Ǵ汾Դɺٴȥţν˥Ͳأ㲻ȥ˥ԲΪУֱһ죡ô룬
һ㶣û˵
һȸ̾˫Ŀϣػص
֪Ϊÿָֻ֣ͷڵʱͬҲ˥ֻ֣ƿָ
УУʵ㣬ң޵ģҲһֶֻѣһΪƣڶΪƣƣǹÿ˵ƶһȻҲͲͬ
ƿָ˥֮ϵָֻ죬Ҫָȫⷬ㶮ˣǶˣҲûƿյĿܡ


1418 Ҳ
üͷһ壬һȸĻصʹĬ
ƿָһƿ֮Ḷ́Ψа۷壬޵ڶļޣ豾Դ֮һٺ俪ţ
̫ӣ˵ǹ֮壬񣬹û뵽ȸһ˾Ȼܳɹ񣡡һȸĿ֮â˸ü֮ǰǰѪ
֮ޣϷ˽ⲻ࣬Ϸʱ֮ǿԾ춯أįܲδ𣬵Ϊɵ
ţһ㶣̧ͷһȸ
Ұڵԣܸ֪㣬ҲĪҪʣлԵѰҳ֮еĴ𰸡һȸɫЩû䡣
ֻ޹֮壬֤俪ţܸһЩ滹˱ԴǹΪ˵Դ
һҪ̤վȴϼѡԴԽ̤࣬վԽѣбԴԹֻ֤ǷֱԴֻһ֣Բ۷壬
ֳĬ
վ豾ԴɣϵɣڻԵɺ£̤տܣֻϣδܵϢ
ߵĵ·һ֮·Ĵȫͬһ㣬޷㡭һѡϸǡ
һȸƽĿڵʲôѡ񣿡
㿴ƴɣʵʻ覴õ֮ԴҪ˻бԴ췽磬Ϸ֮ڣ̤
Ӵֻ֮һԴǾȸ֮𣡵ɵϷɭףĴͶһͬȴϷƿӡϷˡ뿪һȸ˵
뿪Ŀһоĸ֣Щߡ
뿪һȸĿ¶׷䣬ص硭
һҪڡ
Ҫʣ˵˵ˣͻҪҪϷˣԸȥֻ롭ؼҡһȸ͸ƣ
Ҹʱ俼ǣϣϸáһȸ̾
ֺм٣ɫ¶һȸĻ˵Ǽջȵε˵ջ
εϾȸһ壬ֵһȸ˵
˹౾ԴΪպ󣬿ɷޱԴĿ¶ԥ
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𶯣Ϊ٣ǰѡƺѾȫбУһǧ޵ƣŶƽĿܣһ˿ϵص˵
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ȥȷѪ꣬ȥΣ
ܡǱԴˣǹˣΪܻǿޡ㲻ԲΪʿܴﵽֹǰУҲֵˣ
ǧ޵㻹ûôһδεûηô
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ˣѾϷļˡˣȥһ죬Ϸ࣬ٸһٶ࣬Ǿ޷ȥˡ
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ڸңѡ񣿡һȸĻﴫ
д˿̴죬ѡԥ
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ŮԪϾԪӤܵشȻԴ˹׽ԪӤ룬γֻŮӵĻ꣬Ѿ
ӲŹײڵĽ
ľ죬ʹðѱеĻ꣬ʱ䲻ɢҵȷĲٿطܰЩһһһء
ˣȫ궼ҵҪϷҲ
һɾɽĿŹľз˺һ㣬ʹ糱
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û̧ͷĬĬջŹľĿ⣬һģľâһջشռڡ
˵ˣ̫ңԶ㣬ҲΪйأǵΪӦɲ⡭̧ͷһȸоܻ˺˿ȴ¶ᶨ
Ҳ밲ݴƣһĻĻƣթĬĬȥǴ޵ֹڵкη
¶֮âֻǣ֮£̫Ʈ죬ڱһ֮䣬ûҵѡ񡭡ˣԲȥˣǿ˳̶ȣ֣Ҳԣ
Ҳԣ֣󣬵ֿ˵֮ȴƱһ޷ݵȫ¶һɾɡ
֣˻ڣ䴫һȸҲ˫Ŀһ
֮壬Ҳܷ֮ĵԴҲ·ټѣҲҪȥҲҵΪֹһȸһݣ˫ǰȥ̤֮С
⣬졭˥ҲãƿָҲգʿƿǰĻ׼
ˣΪβͬ߳һԼ֮·ǰ˵˥ָΨָȫֻ죬˥ȥȣ
֮壬֮ƣԴָ˥ƿָԴֲͬȴһ
һԴɣ͵Ϊһ˥ԴȫɺҾ˥Բʿ俪ţĳ֮


1419 
ڰգһȸȭһӣǵǰѪ̷콣͵һֱֶ
Ļ͸Ϊᶨ֮⣬һȸУʹһȸĬ
̧ͷգĿգĿ׹˸վ֧ͬأص
Ȳָˣұֻƾһ֮Ȳܴ֮뿪ұ£俪죬ȫˣһͬɣ
Ƶ֮У춯ء
뿪˽ɣִԣǲҪԼɣҪˣһͬɶȥ
֮һȸ̾
ǶԵġˣ췽ͨˡ֪ڵ֮һϣȸ֮ѪԴջȸȥȡ
ͼӦǻȸڵĻԴ֮㾡ȸĴξѣ𣬵ɻȸ嵱ȸµıԴȴǻĻ֮Դ
ȸ˵ǱȴϷλеһ걻ϷشΪԸǼթ쳣ضк·
Ϸʼջɣ̫ǳбݣֻϷ޷뿪¾̽鲻壬ȸ⣬ҪСȸ˻ڻȸʥرչءһϷɭ޻ԴȸڣҲɱסϷ²󣬴͵
һȸ˵ţüǾɫȻһΣȴת֮£۳һƬɫë֡
ȸϣȸһٿ֮ȸ֪Ҵ㣬㹻ΪԶأ㣡
ֽסǾɫë˲䣬һɸӵĿھУٹ̡
ȸˣ£Ƕңдãһʹϵȸ֮Ѫ棬֮⣬˿Կ㣬ȥɡһȸ΢ʧҲʧȥһ㡣
һ񣬳Ĭ죬һݣת̤ȥʣӰʧ
⣬췽㻹ȼգ㣬ûоͷʱ仺ţһϢһϢ
ӴȼֱڣȻ˶ʮϢ
һȸĽ̸ʱȴһȸĸ£ʹһʱ䣬Ϣѡ
ʮϢ
ʮϢ
עĿȥʿһз׷¶𾪣˾īüͷڲ֮ɫһ
˾ӰĿתĿȥ
ΨȸʼɫЩµ˼һݵĿ顭
ʮϢ
ʮϢ
ʮϢٵ۾Ȼ췽˳̶ȣ
㿴ŻΣһ㣬ȴƽ
ʿ֮ϣʱÿһϢĶȹ𶯣ʱͻȻ췽֮𣬺Ȼǻ𣬼ӳ˴ա
һ˲䣬ڶֱ·ʣСص췽ȥɲУ췽ͼٵķپ
ͻȻıʣ̾ʿע⣬ȸҲĿһȥ
˵ʱʱ죬췽ǻ£ټ٣ۿ³УҪվ·ıĿ֡
˿ֵ̣Ļǻδ췽ȼǰûɹЩʿȥȴʧܣ
һжǵʯ䣬췽Ȼȼգһ֮ʿȻ
ǵĿУ췽䣬˲Ϣվ֣ǻУ췽㣬ȼ
ûٵۻû
ʧôߣ˵Ϊѣ˱ض޷ɹ
ΪΣһʧܣҿһٵȥˡ
ܻȻ˾īӸϲɫ𣬵ͻȻĿһֱϲɫȡ֮޾
˾֣֮ȴѪ˿ٴαϣܵģڤڤ֮еȼ췽㴦ŨŨ֮УȻ䴩͸ĮĿ⣡
Ŀ⣬棬ڳֵɲǣ̾ʹغ䣡
ڣȼУ¶һӰӰ߳棬չ¶ʿĿ֮У
ɫ˳췽ȼ˲䣬ǻص֮ڣһ壬ЩȥͲʲô
ʿ𾪵ע£̧һӣȴȻ֮趯һ֮ӣתջ֮ϣֺݺݵһȭһ˷ȥ
өΪأԶԶȥͬǻ֮ëɢܣһĻĻǻ£۾ɫתһƬ֮ףĿͼתŵ׻ƣͫ˸ϡ
趯һͷ޷Ŀܵʿһһɨȥ
һ̵֣ͬħһ壬һ޷ݵƣȻɢȫƣɲǼͻָڻǻص󣬱лһգͬ޾֮
Ŀ£ʿһ𶯣ȻˣɲǾͷգԽ𺳣ǻȼվԽʢ˲ϢǻԽɻң
˵ҲˣΪ˵ģǻ񣬷ǱĿɨУƺԼɲǾ֮Уһռصľ޴ͼ֮Уоŵͬ׺תҪԪ
оʿ˵ֻɲǣĿƿɢȴ̹ģӡ֮Уǿµĸо
ֵʹ˿ʼ
ĿɨʿȫһɫĿ¶֣׷׵ͷȥһۡ
ЩжֲߣԴߣɫɲǲ԰ּΪĸоƺֻҪԷԼͻ᳹ױգԪǸ³ɻң
ֵĿЩʿһһɨʲôΪ˿ֿȥÿһϣ֮Խ뿪ԽŨ
һǿĸо¶һĨɱ˫̧͵һӣȴغ䣬ʿһϣȻͳһƬһ֣ɢµĸ£ʹЩʿһɫ֣
Ȼ䣬ȼ𣬺Ȼڷһ㣬ɳֱ޹֮ϵֶȥ
һĻΪˣһ˿ǻһ޴Уת֮¾ͱȫߣ⣬γһ籩
籩ת˿磬ǿ紵£ʿһӵӲǱƳǧ֮⡣
ǡ𣡣ȸ˫͵صɳ¶֮ɫ
˾ɫ԰ף𺳣˿̵֣ǰƯһһ룬ô֮ˣһһ
籩ڣգͷĿ棬Խ䣬ֱӿһ˪˾īӡ
˾īӣ㲻ҪɱôҸᣬ֣ڰգ˾īһ١


1420 ս
ս
ܣս
ܶڵڶʿ˵һĴڣǲսʤǵ֮䣬䣬ܣȴǴӲܰڵڶʿС
ͬһ㣬֮Уӡһʿ
ܣսʤ
һʿڵǰͬϣ
˾īӱȸ裬ʵϣѰطǽڽ⣬˾īӶһţһĪĺƽ٣
ܣǴڵ֮ľУһڵĳ̶ȣˣһеڶʿУ˾īȻһ㣡
£˵ʿϣȻһ¶޷֮ɫĻȴһ㣬Ͼص
սܣ
ٵ۾ΪĪ⣬봫˵еĵܻмĲ࣬սʵ޴
Ǵ˸ովڻƣȻԲҪһսЦЦ
ҿδأΪ޷ܱȽϣ˿֮ȴǽ֮ǰһĻĻ𺳣ᵽߣ˿̲սͻ᳹˷ᣡ
ߣΣұ˿սߣҪ˵˾īӴֻһʽͨͿٵ֪ĺ
ҵ£ȽϾٵۣսɹ˵Ǿ仰ô飬м˸ңﲻмһˣɸȥҲٵһȥս
ܵʿʼȫԴǶ֣һϵеڴ˿ս֮ȴǷֳһ֣Դ֮ж˾⣡
ֵĻһ֣͸һĪţ
˾ͬ𶯣Ҳû뵽ԷȻս˾īӣ˿УǰǻеĿӰڼٽ˻㱣ֲ˴ˡ
ȸ¶һĨ֮ЦҪľĽҪԼһ˿ܵ飡
ǿϷ֮ǰǼƣɲǰȣȸĿһ˾īȥ
˾īӶ֣˲ϢͻһƬϲޱ֮УһĮȫ˿̵֮ǰˣһǿϣڻ͸ɢ֮ʱʹغȻŤ
ŤУ֮꣬ÿһ궼ɫƴǡ
ΪսʤҷͿսôϷȫ㣡˾īɫƽǰһȥӰɲǾһֱ֡
ʿһĿתΪ̣֮ĶǰһĻݵļʿ
֣ܳĳһս˵ǧѷ꣬һܲ
𣡡˾īƽںƵת۾ٽֲɣû¶κɱ뺮⣬̧ǰȻһӡ
һ죡һ֮£պȻһȴѷȻ֣ǿ˺һİֱֺ̺ۣȥ
Ť֮£ѷԽԽࡣ
أ˾īӻ𣬴غ䣬ʿȻ֮·׷ٴ˺ԶȴأǾ޹ܣز䶯һ㣬ȻɽεضЩɽ֮¼ߣ̴֮Ӹ鿪ֱ֣
˿̵֣Ťѷ٣ɽûٽ
˾īƽĿȻһֻУһɺƾճڣֱֳȥ
⺮磬ֵĺ֮Ϊƣһ֮
һжǵʯ䷢˾īӳ־Ǵ֮ͨȴǱűɱ֮ģ
Ŀһٵɲǣ籩Ȼ伱ת
ɫ֮˫籩͵һ˦籩̾оǺڣһĻص
ȴ籩ۿɼٶȻһ޴ͷûͨɫͺֱӳһ˺ѷ϶ȥ
죬˲ϢͰһ϶ʹ죬ޱȣ
һɲǣ籩ٳͷȴǳɫŭֱ·Ǻһɽȥǧɣһ֮£Щɽʱȼա
ţĻ籩ڣȴֱھͬʱ֣
ӷ籩ںȻ籩ɢվ֮У֮ǰȴǾ׻Ŀͫ׸ǾɫתһĻȥΪˣһǿƣں䱬
ȻԶʿһ𺳣ֵӰһӡУһ޷ǣ
ʱ⣬ޣģֻء𡭡죡˾īɫ糣ûаɱŭһƬƽʿս
һңᱻԷȼ
˾īӻڣÿ˵һӾͻǰһٽֱ֣仰ﴫ˲䣬޾Ӱû
ȳֵģһƬõķĹĹת۾֮УһĹڣ죡
ţʱת˾īǰе˫֮ϣһƬۣƺǰУʱڼٱ仯
һƬģ֣ʹ޾Ĺڣ˾īӵӰ̾ʹ֮ڣ˿
ģУɢɣϢһƬֻ֮࣬䲽֮Уת۾ٽֲʮɣһֳڵɲǣ˾īǰһȻ䣬̤ǰ⣬ֺ̧ݺݵһĶȥ
ƿվ𣬾Ų죡غ˾īһµɲǣӰȻƬһֱ˾īƣڣһٽ
һ˲䷢Ŀһ˫ָɽ˾īһٵɲǣȻľƣͺѸٻ˫ֱָ˾īӶȥ
һĻԶԶȥ춯أ
˾īһƣ֮ƣչͨһƣ鿪
˫ָ֮ϣͷȥ˫ָǾͷ⣡
˲Ϣ䣬ֵ˫ָ˾īӵƣȻһ֮֮ײһֹĶԿ
䣡
ҵĴǣ޾ɢʿʱнѪ˫䣬ܴӼˡ
֮УѸٺˣŵ֮£˳˰֮⣬ɫһƬĺ͵̧ͷ¶һƬ⡣
Ȼˣ
˾īһĸܵһɻ֮һȻ޷Ϩɫеƽɲǵɢвɵ¶һ˿𾪡
һ˿𾪳ֵ˲䣬̾оһȻ̧˾īһָ
𣡡


1421 һݣ
𣬲֮ڣΪʵ۷֮յһɰʵת׵ĳΪף
һȼ֮ʿսв
˾īΪܣΪǶĿƴﵽ΢ĳ̶ȣŭŭ
֮£һˮһ㣡
£˾īȴǳһ˿𾪣һ˿ĲⱾǲܷ飬ȴǳˣ
˾īȥ˼Ϊˣ𾪳ֵɲǣȫ̾һƬȻȼգת֮¾͸⣬ԶԶȥ죬ʹ˾īɫ̾˱仯
ɫһ䣬ȴٴβȻ֮£Ϊ
ȸһĻ¶΢ɲЦİϷǼƣɲΪ˽ѵ֣֮ĻҪսһܣ̫ѡСһͿܲץסˡ
һɱ߳Ͳ˷κλᣬ˿ۿ˾īһȴ˫ۺһѹ֮ǰƿվµƣ˫֮£͵ǰһָȥ
ɫ˫һָ֮£ĿͫеľɫȻĿзɳֱ˾īӶȥ
𻹲𣬸ǰУһ˦пɨأֱӾǹսʿȥ
˷Ÿ£ɨ֮£һʿڣٴξ˿ľҲûнǷգǸһ֣һʿڣȻһ
ɲǼ䣬һһʿֱӳأȴһǧ߰پʮŭ֮г֮䡣
ԶԶȥһĻΪˣ²һսǵ˾īӣ˴˵ʿ˵һȥս˾īӣ
磬ߣڻ֮ϣΨһˣĴȸǶȸҲ㣡
ǵǿȴмޣֻţ޷ۣԪ֮˿֮£غ䣬ִɨУֱ˾īӶȥ
ĿľΪףں󣬻һ춯ص籩һ־֮ƣչ˴ϣһжɲǷ˾īȼ˲䣬϶ȥԲ赲ٶȣֱӳ˾īڡ
˾īɫʱ԰ףӼˣ¶Ȼ֮ɫܿͱǿѹ£ʹӲǱ̡
һ㣡˫¶⣬ǰĿһȵ˾īӣɻǵڣ
˺е˾īһ˫¶ȴѹס
˾īӣɻǵʦܡʦܡǱϳʮܣ˾īɫɲǲ԰ףһΡ
˾īӣʶǰһ˺Ȼ˴ѷ죬óһö壡
壬˾īڵ
˾īŨҪһ㡣
˾īӣʶڻӣкȻͶһһƴС޹ǣ
޹ǣǵ˾īڵһиԴڣ
סڣ˾īɫ԰ףͨ죬ɫ¶һ
Ǹý˾īӣ˾īһ仰һʹ˾īȫȻǻ죬ȼ֮˾īڶʱ֮
һɷȻʹ˾ī˫ںȻֹͣ˺ˣգɫŤ֮£ھȻ߲֮â˸߲֮âУɫǼѹɫ
Ϸ˾īϷţ˾īӣ˾īӱȼգһѪѪһ֣ȼճɻңĶ֣˫¶ŨŨɱ̧һץ췢һŭ
غȻһȴǱ˾īһץ֮£̾һ޴ѷȻѷ켫ΪӴ󣬸һ֣ʹʿĿѷڣһ磡
ѷУǣÿһϣĤ֮֮Ƶ
Ϸ磬ͽ֣˾īӴһ˦ѷڣϵ飬봫૵ںһγһ֮ͬȻľʹѷڴ
˲䣬˾īܣͻȻͳһõĻǣЩǳƬƬĻûת֮䣬ռأ
һۿȥЩޱ޼ʣȫǣǾˣһʱ֮䣬޷ѷڣδó
Щһ¶֮ɫŨŨɢ춯أ
ͨڵܵͨ
֮ͨ£һ𣡣
ʿһȻз׷ٴ˺󣬲Ұ㿿ǰ
ȸĿһ˾īӣɫ¶˼
Ϸͽ˾īӵͺ֮£ص֮꣬Ȼ˾īӣȻһݣ
һ֮£غ䣬һ֮Х֮䣬˷ɫֱ֮˾īӶȥɨ֮УƵȴ˾īȼյ̾Ϊ֮һǴϨ
ת֮£˾īϵ𣬾Ȼɢ㣡ֻе޾֮꣬һ̾ģһ̫֮
һĻ̫ˣɫʱһ䣡
ǵˮһĵ𶼿ɱϨĪĲսʤ¶ʣĿ磬
Σ
ʱ˾ī͵ת˫һƬ䣬֣ͺ
Ϸ޾ͽȼֻ֮ɰңûдﵽܲ޾ͽһ֮ұĳףͽϷһݣϷҪγϷ޾ͽһݣ˾ī̧һָ֡
һָ֮£ʱؼ޾˾ī֮꣬תȫ֣޷ǵص޾֮עĿ֣ҲܵһɾĶǣ
һݣ˾īһ޾֮꣬Ȼ֣һݶȥ
һ֮ɫ磬ɨֺ֮Х٣ֶʱ͸ܵһ˵ĹȻ˷٣ѹ֮£ȫʱͳ˾ʹ
һ˺ѴȻҪȫ˺Ƭɫҵı仯޴ˣǹأ޴ɶ㣡
ҿγϷͽһݣûе͸սϷ㲻˾ī˫ɫȫϹ˸
Ϲ֮£ȫɫü֮Уȴָ״Сһط¶΢ө
өֵĿУȻͿڣϥһ˾īһһСˣС¶ʹ࣬
ҡϡ䣬Ϸٵ˲ϢֺǴ˾īüөڣ΢
˾īӵͽ࣡ȸɫ˱仯һΣҪǰ֡
Ųɲǣֵض
棬ԣ


1422 磡
˾īɫܻ̺ɱʵȴϣȸǰɱ֣Ϊһ֮֡
ɱˣԷҲͲ̫ΪѣϾ˾īгᣬ֮ʿⷬһݣ˾īӱǴ㳹ʧȥֿ֮˶ˡ
һ˭Ҳ˵ʲôȻҲȫߡ
޾֮һ֮ɫ紵أ˷ֱ֣һۿȥضΪɫͬħȾ
֮ͨ죬Ի˵˥ʿԴɣ汾Դﵽ֮ˮһս˿֪̾Σȴû˿⣬սȻ
׼ȷ˵ֵһΣܽս֮ǰˮӣֻֿܱ޷֣£̫ǳӣȴͻͽΪ
֮ǰֻֿܵڿһƴ
ۿɫХٽֵɲǣĿ׹Ȼ˸һȥ̧Ȼһӡ
̫׽磡
غ䣬֮Уɫϣȴһ˺֮£ٴγһ޴ѷ죬ѷǧɳ̣һ֣ͷ˺ɫֵǰ
ѷ͸ŲɣϢڣһ̫ŭ죬ǧѷ׹⽻£̫Ӵӣû
ɣѷڲϵ߳ɫŰ
һжǵʯ䷢Ĳ˼飬̫׽类˺֮ĿͫͼȴǺȻ䣬ʹĿмɳֱѷȥ
ڴͬʱѷһ֮ѹһһ̫˶ͷ­ֱӾʹѷ͵̽Ӻһ˳ֱͼȥ
תۼ䣬̫ͼ⣬Ǿŵ֮һںϣʹôף
ûн˲ϢУһ̫֣Լٶȣɫ֮ʱȻеİ֮ںϣ
̫׽Ϊͼ֮Ծ̫Ұ֮꣬չ֮£ֵڻصһͷƮ̧Ȼǰһָ
ǿͨ˻⣬ȻɵԴ岻ϵļ䣬ʹͨϣȻ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
ˣԴؿŻûǺ俪һ˿
˿һָǾŵ̫ںϵİףٵתǧѷΪͼٵɫ磬չһ֮ս
ԶԶȥǧѷӣһ״޾ߣΪʵ
ŵ⣬籩캶أ
ɫ磬һɨصɫ籩˾īӴһ˦£޾һ֮Уٽ
ֵ籩ŵ̫ת޾̫ͨ׽磬£Ƶ֮
䣡
籩ײʹôȻ;޷ݵĳ£Ʊ֮Ĩ·ľ޹꣬ǷĺУһ𣬺Ȼ
޹ıʱ߽⣬ܹʿһѪӵԶ
籩Ȼ˷ߣǾŵ֮׸Ǳأгֵ̫׽ѷ죬ҲȻŤҪɢ
ɫ籩ͬ𶯣ֵԴ£˴룬޾֮꣬һɨ̾ʹƬƬɢ
ͬǺɨص֣֮ҲͬĨգЩ֮꣬һһ
˾īȫ趯¶⣬ǳ֮£Ӻһ˫̧һӣеͺȵϷ֮޾Щи࣬ڣͽٳ
У˾īǾ޴ѷУ֮ȻҪ
Ѫɫ԰ףӵŵŵźˣȴ˺˲䣬͵̧ͷ¶ս⣡
Ӳֹͣ˺ˣǰһȥ˿ǣǰ̧һ֮£ȴУȻͳһƬݻƵҶ
ҶֵɲǣüĹǵûſһѪѪǹ֮Ѫ
ѪҺǿݻƵҶϣʱҶɢ֮âһ˦֮£Ҷâƣֱ˾īӶȥ
֮죬޷ݣת۾ٽСǱӭ˲Ϣͻɡǧɡ֮
ϢҶ
̰ǵԹ֮Ĺصر֮һĪ⣬̰ǵΪʩչ˱ɽسɴ֮ӡʹ޷ǿƿֻܱã
ʩչΪ񣬸ԹѪʹõҲȷķٿأȴǱ̰У߳
һҶ죡
ǹϢҶȻʹ˾īԴ͸ѷ֮⣬͵һ
ҷ⣡⣡⣡ֺصǹϢҶâͬӡķһ㣬һ£˾īѷɲǣչ˼Ϊǿķӡ֮
ǹϢҶķӡ£ҵĲ֮꣬ȻûһԳ
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⡭ʲô
˾ī𾪣ȸҲ˫ͫ͵һ¶޷֮ɫ
СһϣȻֱ
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˫Ŀͨ죬ԹϢҶ˾īûаͣ٣ǰһȥֱ˾īӣ
ħ꣬ҳɲǼ־ٽ˾īӰɣͺ֮ؿڴʱкתһ֣ħݺᡣ
ȴǻһһһСˣǹħ꣡
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벡ܴչصˣۿǶԣĬĬ⣬չأг֮գնɱССħָ磡
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1423 ˽ܣ
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1424 εħ
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а⾰ˣΪŪ˷˺üʱ䣬ΪСļױӦùˡЦݸŨ˿ɽĿɽ´ׯһ֮Уȴ˺ȻһͻȻһˡ
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1425 һ졭
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һգһ˾īûҡѡ񡭡ֲȥ𰸡ߣش˾īĻһߣѾ˴𰸡


1426 
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ȸµͣԱ߾ƺһڣĲٿ֮ϷѾ㣬ҪȥȥΣأ֪´Ϊա㻹ʲôҪ󣬿˵
ֳĬȸԷֻյĽȸ˽İǻ̵оȴǸټů½Ҫȴ˸С
ȸֳĬӣдŨЦԺлᣬ˻֮գɲҪСһᣬϷһοʱϣһ¡
ֿȸ˵ͷ棬Ҫ֮ϵĹŻ
ҪǹŻȸһڵǹŻһ浱ϷҲûˣҰʱһ£ԣҲ˵
ȸ˵ţ̧һץԶԶأغȴȻɫ䣬Ƶ֮£һӾĹ˸
أһ޴Ĺޣ˰֮УǹĿĮͷȸ
ȸһָǾ޹Ĺٴμ˸֮УͻȻСԽСĹԽĿ˲Ϣ䣬Ӵľ޹꣬ͻ˰ƴСһƬף
Ĺ£ء
һ֮£ȸͰ֡
ֽӹһۺȸȭҪڣȴȸϡ
ĪҪлԼҳҪлɣĴмϷһæȸɫ࣬ɿһ˵
˵ֻҪضȥֻﲻߣȴն
ȸɫһ죬µͺ˴֣ȸĴξѣͿͳȸӡǸˣϷϣѡߴȸʱ
ȸȶԷ˵ꡣ
ҪѡɲѡЩ֮ˣףȸգգۡ
üͷһ壬û̫ͷ˵ģߴȸѡϣãȸ֣֮
Ϸ˼ȸٴδ˴֣ҧϷ˼ѡߴȸǷ֮ôף㲻ͦߵô
һ£ɫ¶ɻ󣬵ͷãȥѡ֮ΪߴȸϾ̫̰ɫ޵ûкô
ȸһɣȵǲ̫̰ɫǲ̰㣬ȥԶȥˣҪϷ˵װϷҪǶˡôѡߴȸʡĳ֮Ԫ֮ƣ޲ϷĹѡһȻ´μϷ
мǣһҪԪ֮ûƣ˵ǣ㿴㣬ССͣûϷߣҪ֪Ϸ꣬Ԫ֮ǰûɢ㲻ЩС˫֮ʲôõģϷδ˫޹ÿ쾫ʢôˡ
ִȸ˵Це˵ͷ
ȸ˿ڴȫϣϣֵͷȸɿһ˵ϷͨΨԪ֮˲ſɷɲʲôãϷҲװװæҴһʽͨ
ͨȸһǿ֮һԶ㾡ԪƣӦУ̫󣬻ȼԪײҪʹãΪ֮


1427 ־
мǣ򲻵ѣĪҪʩչȸɫΪ࣬˵꣬ǰһΪŹֵӡ
ӡĳ֣ȸü֮ж֮Ƭӡ֮Уʹӡ˲Ϣ˸໥֮£Ȼγһ̵Ļǡ
˵ǹǣǡ˹ֱ
ǳֵɲǣȸ¶֮ɫ˫ٴһ֮£һӡöһϸߣЩϸ߲δƻǣǱֱ˻ǵĶ
ԶԶȥȸ֮ͨΪŹ֣չһЩֽ뷲õɡΪˡ
ĿתȸӡԲͬһ鹲оŰپʮŸӡ˲Ϣɣڵڶ飬ԶԶǰߣһ˲ϢӡǣǡǾǧŰپʮʮţ
û˿ԪĲҲûеȻǰޱȣǺĲƣҲ糣һ㣬
ƺһУûκα仯
ӡǣȸɫΪأĿ¶֮⣬˫͵һӣȴͬʱâɲǼɶֱӾʹ͸ܣŰ˷ӣת޾
ȸ˫֮ԽԽ죬û˿ͣ٣һӡлûٸǧʮ
Ҿۣ
ȸ˫֮죬Ȼ۲鿴壬ʶ̽飬Ҳᱻһ֮赲⡣
ȸһͺ˫֮еӡȻ˰ǰӡͬʱ֣أһɷ籩籩ȥֱǣ
ɲǼ䣬籩ǻںϣ籩ڣգ
ֵ͵̧ͷȥ˫ͫȻһ
ȴ֮УǷ籩֮£һѲδſĴɡû滷⣬γ
գһۿȥͬռݣһǷ籩ŭһĻλãĿ
ٽɡȸһͺغȻһǷ籩ʱֹͣתƮڰգһ
һ˵ѹشϣһֲڳˮУߣǺˮƷһƬƬݡ
һѷȻϸܵĳ֣ѡ
һпһĻʿڵѪҺȻ˱ȼոɿݵļ
ǿУ޾Ťƺ⾲ֹķ籩£ܲסŤӣת֮УͼС֮أ
Ǳֵ򣬾һ㣬һĻĻǰס
ȸм٣Ȼһʽͨ˵ʩչҲǸɼ
һŰپʮŸӡڶǧŰپʮʮŸӡڵ飬ȴǷֱǾʮ֮
ھϢУҪЩȫÿһӡڣ̺Ԫ֮ȫΪ֮Ŀھ۳ȸһ壬ǿ֮ٽɡ
浫һӡ𲻿ķɣϷڵΪⷴ£Ҳˣǻ˲ǻߣпܣ
ԶϷһԣ磬ôֱӻһ֮ˣʶ֮Ϊٽ֮
ԶУҲǼΪǿͨϷ֪Ƿڵķ֮ڣһ˵ٽɡɡŴΣδ
Զ𣬻һ磬ɡ˴ΣھŴΣҲȥһΪͨ죬Ȼ˿սٳڣҲֻܿɡΣϷԪ֮δƣԱ֮ƶȴǿڿʱɡΣ
ô㣬ֻΣ̫вһԣƵ͵ѧɣԾˣжᣡ
ȸĻＱֽĶδ֮ɡľֹ籩ȸĻ𺳣
Ϊȸ֮ҲǵѣôҲû뵽Ȼ޷ͨ
ɡ˴Σһ֮ˡ⡭⻹ͨô
ȸΪ٣һӣվֹķ籩Ȼһȴɢļ
ֻܴ㵽⽫򿪣һ򿪣ɼ˺ȸҧ⣬һΪ֮ѪһƬȼյѪ籩ںϺʹǷ籩ɢȥ
ֱ籩ʧУǵһУػָǿյŤҲĻָˡ
һĻʱ䲻ȴͷƤ飬¶⣬ǿ󣬾ûչȴиܣļ
ֱسȸ˿ɫƽһӣʱһöֱֶ֣ȥ
ڣӡпɡ֮ټ£ûа֮󣬻ȥ˼򣡡ȸ˵꣬ϥһԣĿ
ֽӹ򣬶֮ĿȸʩչһĻĻ棬Ķˣ
һٻΪĳĳȥģҲѰȻĶһƣǽеĴʦڱ˵Ϣ֮ʩչӡһΪѵ顣
ʵҲȷˣϢ̫̣
ڽᵤ֮ʱȻʩչƣҪ߸ɵĿٴӡЩƣҪûƽ⣬ֻһɲǣ˲Ϣ䣬ҪĽӡпܡ
ʶԱ˵ĵһż־ҲѶȣȴδԣ𺳵ģȸ͸¶ٽɡԴ
ԶҲԶɻʵ͵ѧɣȻ֮ɫ
仰һơ֣޾һΪ棬ĺ壬ʵ̫𾪡
˭ԶɻʣǴ͵ѧˣ͵ѧĲֳͨĬ̧ͷգģ統껹Ƿ֮ʱգԼΪС
µΪʲô죬ж⣬ʲôֳ֮ĺһ¶һ֮â
֪Խ࣬ԽСֲûǷϣԸеĲʣ֮ǰһȸ˵Ǿ仰һ
Ҳԣ
֣Ҳԣ
֣Ϊʲôԣ
ΪΪɣ֮ˣҲ֮ˣﲻͬ䱾ʹڼĲƽͬҲǼΪĹƽ
˿Դͨ޷ĵز֣һУһȴ޷ΪֹҽŲİʯ
ȥѧ˴ɻ͵ѧշתµķٽͨաҪñˣȥѧ֮ɫ¶ᶨûгХûźֻĬĬĵͬ־
־
˫Ŀһգ֮ڣ޾ӡؿԺУǿɡ֮ӡ
УһһƬңɢˣһǷɻʷȥƴֵ־ԽԽԶ


1428 ͷ
ȸ棬ΪܣֻǿڣǿУȴǾͶ㶼ɾ춯أʩչسɴ磬룬ֱӾͻص˻ȸܲ
ȸǣǿŤ£һ¶ŨŨĿϲһ֮£ֱǱ滷֮ضȥ
̫죬ת۾䳣չڡ
֮¼Ϊ£ǣͿʹʿȸȴûκβʣץѸٽ
һ·ɫˮŻȸ棬˼˿ȻȫĴȥԼĹȥԼƭΪĳȸ
ھ̫õȨ֮󣬱ȸ͵ϮܣˣΪȸ֮ΣҲῪġ
ǻȸչ֮һģţͨãӰڻ֮УѰ֮ˣ޷̤벽ټ԰أνɭϡ
˵ȥǻеģ֮ţȴ̺˼ΪǿĽƣƲ££ǽƵǿ̶ȣǵҲ޷ʱƿ
⣬ȸѹеļһ͹£һĻ˫һ
ܣȸһ棬Ȼ£
ˣūȸش׸ˣƻָ
ˣͷƤһ飬¶𺳣ģţˣ
ܵˡ⡭⡭
Ϣǻȸãɫûа㲻ͣʼչԽоԽ𺳣ģȻ˴ƭѵļ
Ǳѵģ
ȸ֮һõƮ
ȸһɫΪ¶æ˵ūѾ˴ѪҺչѻ꣬˾ȸ
ūڵ֮أ
ƺĬĬһεѹ֣ʹӲеĸ߰ɢȴ֮ģ޾Ŀ־塣
׵ıˣ
ˣˣڸ¶֣ķźԵΪū⡭⵽ʲôˣְҽ˵ܾҳȥҲ
õļž֮õٴδ촫
ͽ
ӶʱſҪͣǻȸȴץ壬ֱģ֮Ŷȥ
һ̫죬뻹ûȳԽ̸ͣоȫȻһȴǱǻȸץţڣ
ϵĽƣƺѹûбɻȸ롣
һţչǰģһĻһ޷ǵĳ棡
һƬǿգû죬ûеأֻһž޴Ļ棡ǻռǿյ߳ɣ֮£ȼվ졣
ڻǿգûκǺۣеֻһֱ۴ϸ֧ߣƴ죬ǿգһۿȥͬ
ǻ棬ģЩ֧߷һͨİ䶯˷ֱĻȥƱա
ɫ߲֮ɫûкڰף߲ʻȼգɼϥһӰ
Ӱȫƴףһ߲ȸ˸
°ɡõǿڻصһȭͷС߲ʻɳֱȸ棬üġ
ȸһ¶ϲ
ȥǻȸ湧ǣӺˣʧǿС
˿̣ǿڣֻǻеӰˡ
ӲܸܵԷڵĻУһϢѹѹԽɱǧΣ
㲻ȸõпһͷƤ飬ɢ
ͨһڵϣ¶ŨŨľ֣˼ľĵС룬ֻһССʿҪЮòˣǲͻȥɿСԸźңЧȮ֮͡
ϣҲбȤ֮õĻʱܴڶЩ֧ͨϸ˿̾һЩȻֱ̧Ӿ;ϣƿڣһ֮£̾Ͳҽ
ۿɼٶѸٿήѪҺѸٳЩ֧ϵһİֱȥ
ѪҺ⣬Ҳһ֮¼ɢΣ֮УļХһһھ
һھһʱ콣ȻȴûһѴ󽣣֮δӰǺȻתһ֮籩
ˣͨѾ򿪣˿Ҳǻɢһ㣬ŵ𣬳֮̾
ɷǺģΪʥл֮Դȴû뵽̵иˣһΪūĻˣ
˼õƴ΢Цص
֮أϣֱĿϥǴڣ绽УѰҵ֮꣬Լٶȣϵδ֮¡һɲǣͻȻ˫͵ڱŰ֮ɫһ
ȸʥˣûǰȷ֪һȸ̸ȴףڣȻˣ
Ǹʱ˼ƻ˻Ҳǲɣȴӿһͷ
һԣ֮ˣܿȸһзߺ֮ˣ޷뿪췽磬ضɱȸ壬˽ȸ
ûԣ̸ֽȴǸ֪ƻƣǱȸʥأ͸һƬȸ
һеһУ޲˵⣡
Ҫǣȸ̫ǳݣݣҲ¹ʵϣѾ߳ɵĴ𰸣˵𰸣ȻǾųɣ
߳ɣһ춯صĴ£οųɣ£뿪̫ţص磡
һȸˣڽڱʿһ֮شòѡչˣû¶棬ȴвٿ̫ţʩչһĻĻıƣŮأ֮Ĵɽ֮˱Ʒ֮Щ
Ǳ俴еĽ֮ˣҪֶεգ˾īأûв´ǵˮ֮裬ҲĪ񶾵Ҫֵ
һУֱʡ˱չأܷᣡ¶֮ɫҪ飬Ƿ֮£
󷨹âͻȻ˸ת۾к֮󷨸ǼתγһУһ죬ɢ˴ϣӰ֮٣
ȸںߣ˫ۣĬĬʧ֮֮һ棬ʼվȸһ֮ˡͨţǵġûķԸԴȸǿ֮ΪⱾӦ󣬻õġ


1429 £
ȸʥڣ뱻֧߲ƣص񣬼ٻ֡
߲ʻڵӰûֹж˵֡
˼
ֳڵɲǣĽ֮籩ڣ𣬷һںƵ֮ΪλããǺڣҵ֮ĽǷ籩˺
籩֮£ֻδִ޴͸˺һ㣬Ժݺݵһ¡¡ȻͻصأȴǷ籩мһΪ
ǱУһ޴ѷ˴˵գѷ׹˸л죬ֵӰڣһ߳
һͷ׷һ£˫Ŀ˲Ű֮ɫ߳˲䣬һ߲ʻϥӰȥ
𣡡
߲ʻȼգӰ˫ۣ¶ɣĿ⣬ϡ
Ҽǵã֣ģϡ
ǣֲݣɫΪŰ֮ʱһӣʱͼɫûֱһ֮£ʱͻصִռڡ
ͼ£žɫ棬ٽ룬֮Уһֻ˸Ĵ֣ץס룬͵һקȴǰѣ봢ռ䡣
ⷬΪ߲ʻڵӰûֹ
ܺáϣءˮ˾īĸо֪ˣһȸ㵨
ֻñ֮£Щʼûлָ˿֮ġ
ǣɱһŰ֮ɫŨǰһֱ߲ʻȥĿɫ汩ȻֱӴĿ˸һƬɫ֮γһɷ籩ֱӺ
Ŀ׹һͼ֣ɫ֮׻ƣ̫ͼڣһѷ죬ѷ죬̫ͨ׽磡
ǰһָأȴǴ˽ڣʱвľ֮ȻǿУûɭ֣Ȼ䣬ľ飬ƾ𣬵ͺ߲ʻ档
Ѫ죬ХһָѪٳȥ
ֵ˫֮£ȫΪȻܣγһɳٽ
һУǵʯ䷢Ĳ˼飬ת£־չ˼ȫ߲ͨʻ棬չ˹
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жϵûȷδ棬ȴø˱ȬϣӰֿ̧֣ϸȴģĿס
޵̫˺ǣգȴû˿ҡ㣬ûʸ񡭡ֻһ
߲ʻڵӰ̧һץ
ش˽磬ɿһ
һǿպȻһ·һƬһˮȴǿգת֮Уͱһ޷ݵɢˮ棡
֮¿ȥĿˮ棬Ȼһھ
֮һͨһз壬Ҳ⾮ڴڡ
Ϊˮǿգ֮ƽƽ˲䣬ȴǽϷһдڣӳ
ˮ棬ӳֵĻ籩ӳĲͼӳľ顭м䣬ӰĿ֮
һĻ˿Ȼ𺳣ˮ浹ӳһУΨû߲ʻ棡
էһֲ嵽ˮ棬ˮΪʵ
һɲǣֵӣʱͣ˰գͣ٣еķҲȫͣ꣬ˮȥ
ĸܵǿջˮڴڵӰԼһֺĸоȴΪʵ
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б£ǳˣҲǵӳ֮£߲ʻӰĻУȴǱһɾ춯صĴ֮ͨ
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ģˮһֻ֣֣˫ڳ˱Ű֮ɫ
һ
ϷǾеɫҲҪӵһڣӵˡ߲ʻڵӰ̻УץסǸ֣֮ڡ
㣡߲ʻȻȼգ¶ڣģӰ¶ò
һɫ԰ףĿƽˮӣ
ӺӢɷǣûȥ֣ƽűץ֡
㿴ɱ㣬ʵסϴһ׻ɫףӼΪŹ֣Ƴһֱ˴ˡ
£̳ģǻ꣡
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⾮֮£һбӳ֮ˣʧȥȫ֮ܿ˵ֵĻȴĴС
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һ֮£ë̾ɢ棬ɨֱӾ˴˽գһۿȥճΪ˻𺣣
֮ĻصʹյĻ𺣣Ȼŭһ㣬ҵȼգ
ֺݺݵһ󣬱ץŵֶʱĲҽУȴȫȻ
һɫʱ԰ףȴûаͣ٣̧һָգһȸĿھͺȵȸȸ𣬻ȸһԴ飬ǹϵ̫Žڣ٣
غֻڵ˲䣬͵վĿһĮ֮
ȷС㣬Ȼ֮ǰ׼˳̶ȣһħ汾ãã
һﲻ֮ǰ֮ںϣչ˷ܣ統ˮһսǰ㣬һ˿ģļ
ģļһΣΣйأ
һ裬ƾľǻȻ˵𣬱ȻҪ׼ȫ·Ѿ׼˺ܶ࣬ΪԷһԽǹħĨȥǣ滻Ϊ֮꣡
Ǿ֮ΪԵǾһ㣬ȡģȴǹħ֮꣬꣡
ħ汾꣬ҲΨſǻ˱ˣȻ㣬Ϊ֣߳⾮ͨ£ҲҪһᱻ˲
ħͬԴһͿ滻
⣬ҲδС֣ĻҲɹʧܣҲȻ·Ȼ³çľ


1430 ɡ
˿ץִĻᣬ߲ʻӷʧܵ˲䣬ֺԥóһȸͣɱȸȸ
֮УǻȸԴ黰ֵɲǣյĻڱ
𺣼ӿм䣬ҲֵϿգһ޴Уиһ֣ͷ˺ڶһ㣬ƿͨһĴţ
кڶֵ˲Ϣһȸ֮Ȼʹ
ȸ֮һ㣬ڳֵɲǣ̾һľ֮УĴξѵȸǻû¶η֮ɫ
ƺֵıȸһɱܵĿ־壡
߲ʻڵӣ߲ȸ췢˻кȻͬ¶־壬Ȼշ
һĻ̫ͻȻͫ
ϼһﾹȻѴɱң
Ǿȸ֮УջڣһɼΪµѹȻй֮Уѹɢʹô˵¶ȻΪ׽һ㣡
ѹ£ĻڣһĻִ޷ǵĺȻ棡
һ޴ȸ๣ںĽһ๣ռ˴գѹһɲǣٴı
ȸԴ飡һëһȸҲֻһѣ
ٻģǴһȸ磬һȸⲻȸһʿޱȸǻģ
ȸ๺ȻУڳ£Ļл𺣣併УյĻ𺣳Ϊ͹Σ·ģ޴ȸ๣
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ٸǿ޷³֮Уֱ߲ʻڵӺݺݵȥһУգȸԴ޴ͷ­ȸɾˣ˫Ŀ¶ŭɫһۿȥʱϳȻһȸΪƣ
غϣռصľ޴ȸ๣Լٶȣת۾ͽ߲ʻ֮ڣһĻȹһָƣȴǳ̫࣬ȥΨǰϳʩչͨɶԿ
߲ʻڣӷŭ˫һӣʱ߲ʻȻ𣬺ȻͬĻһȸֱٵȸ๶ȥ
֮춯أ߲ȸһռһ㽵ٵȸ๣㷢ĲҽУȻ
һѪɫ˫͵һ˦еͺȣءˮ𡢷磡
仰𶯰˷һ̾ͳһƬޱߴأˮһ𣬴֮֮
ֳڣǺˮȼգɫ棬ܳ죬һִȴǿǻϺɨ
ĴԿգɫ˫͵һƣȴǷ䣬ֱȸ๣Ƿ󣬻ܣٱȸ๣
ǻ󣬺ˮϣ棬Ǵأ͸壬Ͽ֮ͬʯֱӷȥ
һĻĻУʹ𶯣ȸ๣ǰӣ·ӳΪˮ˾īһɱȣһɼΪǿΪĴԿ֮ȸײ䱬ĳԽȸʥر
֣Ҳ޷չͬĴ֮ͨԴ˶ԿɢǹϾҪ
ھѡ֮ǰ׼ĺ·뿪⣬صڣ
µĻᣬȴɱҪٵĻᣬȴƼûпܣ
һܷŹȻᣬҪ⣬Ȼ󣬸ɳһ춯أ̫ŵľ£
ɱ
úݵһȸ¶⣬һȸ̫̫ãĻ֮Ȼ޷ȣ˿˵ȫƻ֮ǲһ
ͻȻȸһǿ֮Ȼǿ͸ЩԴ˰ҡ
ֲ˼˫Ȼ̧Ѹ
һϢ
ӷȸ๣ں¡¡Ļصȸһ𣬻洫¡죡
һɳ˷Ƶȥ
ֵһӡֱӴǰɫ䣬һ޴Ļǣƾճ֣
ڶϢ
߲ʻڶֱӾȸٴײغ䣬ȸ͵һ߲ʻ棬Ȼ
ڶɨأ
ֵڶӡȻǰǾ޴Ļϣɡ֧
ϢϢ˲ˮϣǽٵȸ๣Ȼһˮ޾ˮ˷ȸǰ˱ȸһХſһ丹֮
ϢȥֱĲأ
ɲǼ䣬Դδйľ֮죬ȸʥرγ˾֮ڣȴȸ๺һ
ɲǣɢ˺ѵķ϶ǿһһ֣һ񱩵Ϣǿգȸʥأһĳ£ʼ˱
ǱȸԴ³ϢĴϣʹôضʱѷǳ֣
ۿؾҪ߽֮⣬һѪֱƶأպȥǴر͸̲߽⣬Ǵһ޷ݵƣȥ
춯أȴѷİأֱӾͺգĻеĻ𺣣˲ϢסǰȸԴֵľ޴Уϣ
ǿղһɨǿ˺ѣһеһУ˲Ϣ߽⣬ѪɫΪ԰ף͵תĶ֣Ų̧һȥ
ֱ壬Ѫ˫ȴٶȸ죬ϵشһӡܣȻһٶӡĳ֡
ٵ𿴵һĻɫȻ䣡
ģϼһﾹȻ˼ֱ֣ٵ˲䣬Ǳַųľ飬ȴǺȻǰٵȥ
ɫ̧ǰݺݵһӣһ޾֮Ƶ𣬻һ޴ӡ̫ͬһ㣬ֱľȥ
֮ľһȴ϶ʱͱӡ͸ֱ֣
˿̣ھϢ٣ֵ֣һӡǣ˫ѪģӡǺ󼸺޷ƶ
ӡ⣬ȫɵ˲䣬̻һɻ籩ǻɡںϣγһδſ޴ķٽɡ
ٽɡ˫ͨ죬ӡٵɲǣȸһǿ֮ʩչ˳
ܸոѧᣬȸнԼٶȴӡǵͨʶſʩչֻϾ򲻶࣬˿ʩչҲѷɫִͨѷɫˣҲԾ죡
һѪĸܵţǹɡգһɳɡ֮
ɡͺ˫͵һ˦
õҩѹ漣ĶСʱұԼд꣬ұȫļ飡


1431 һ죬ˣ
籩ֹͣڰգɡںϣγһŷɡֵǿѪ棬аӿ룬ʹ޴ɡ֮
Ϣ£ڱеĻȸʥأʱһƬ޷ݵ֮ڣٽӡҲһ壬һ١
ɫ䣡
ʱֵһͺ𣬾ض
Ȼ䣬ǹɡش򿪣򿪣һ֮𣬴ɡȻйûɫȻ֮ܳΪ棬һ
һεĻ
ɡ𣬴Լһ֮ʱӡٽ֣ת۾ӡһ𣬺֮£ӡ̱
û˿ͣ٣˷ɢǱ串֮ͳͳ𣬳Ϊޣ
֮
ǿ򷽲ȸԴ֣ͨײĻһ޾˿ŰУһ𣬺Ȼ䣬Щû
ɡɫ԰ףˣȾʧ㣬ֱȸԴشӡԴֿʩչ⼫Ϊµķɡ
˿̵Ȼϼˣɫ¶˫֮ϣ¶֮ɫͺ͵һ
ʹϮȴǽȻںһףĴ˺һ˦֮£׻һƬâ֮УȻ䣬ͻһֻ޴ޱȵƣ
ٽɡô׳Ϸʦף̫֮δȫĹɡԶԿѹǬͺУ޴ƣֱֺȥ
̫죬СǼ죬ȸ๿һȣ˿̺ɨǿյֱӾǴӹɡйĻײ
Ǻ¡¡ľУıƴ͸ҲڼٵɢֱڣڿĹɡ
һжɲǼ䷢Ĳ˼飬ڲϵɢ˲Ϣٽ˹ɡ⣬Сһ룬һ˹ɡ֮ϣ
ٽɡƣ
һǹɡ͵һѪȻңϾΪ޷ɡܴ֮ɣʹһɢһ룬ȻǼޣ
ѪӵֱӺˣûӿ룬ǹɡɢɢ£
佫Ҫ׵ɢ˲䣬ֺɫ͸񣬵ͺ
ǾҪɢȥĹɡȻһֻڵɲǣһһɻһеȻɢ
ȸʥأױ׷Ļɫӡ̱Уˡ
ȸʥǴ⣬ϥĻȸ棬͵˫ۣ¶֮ɫͷģ֮ſȥͷ˲䣬ţȻƬųֱȸ档
һĻ̫ͻȻȸûаֱӾͱƬϣѪӼˣ¶뺧Ȼ޷֮ɫ
ǱУӰһˣʥصıԽӷ񣬻һ޾Ļ֮ڳȻй
ĵͺڴӰһ֮£йĻ֮ڣֱ׷ȥΪܴ˿ˣ׷ֻǿ
ڳУ̧ǰݺݵһĶȥһ޴ӡȻ׷֣ۿҪ
Σ֮ʱֺɫ԰ףѪ˫һӣȴֱӾͳǺ绽磬˽һʱӡײ
һ绽
ѪȻа׹˸Ǵ뿪ʥشź󣬳ڵǵڣ˸޾âֱӾ⣬γһ޴ĹӰ
εͨӰܣ
Ӱܸһ֣̾ͱӡϣӰܾҵ˸䣬գֻ˲Ϣͺһ£
ӰƬɫΪ԰ףٴѪۿӡϣֵͺüĹǵȻûתдӵһڣ¯Ȼ
¯⣬γһٵӡȻһ
ӵŵŵ˺ɲǾжദ˿ڣѪ¯ӡ֮£δȴӡ֮Ȼ޷ΣĴ뵽ü֮У
εֿѣں׷¶ɱ
ۿӡֲ߳ߣɢѹԪȻҪƳһ㣡
ΣĹͷ͵̧֣ǰұ϶ʱйϢƵȴǻһۣ
֮ǼĹ
񻤱۳ֵɲǣӡ棬䣡߿Ѫ޷һδεĳֱӱ
ǣķѣرִѷ죬ͬһˮ򱻴ɢȻ䣬߽ˣ
ֵȥ˱ĵģȻ䴩͸޾͸ǣ̫ǳǿ֮УӷĺˣҪԪή
ǹ񣬷Ļ֮
˵ˣȴֱӵĵסһ
׷һȥ̤ǿУ̧ٴǰһģȻУһӡȻԸٶȣǿѹֱ֣
ɫ̧͵ذֻ֮ϣеͺȣǹ񣬱֮֮ӣ
ڵĹ֮Լٶȣȫӿ򻤱ۣ仰µ˲䣬ǿճŤһɺƵĹϢͻȻչǿ֮У
ԶԶȥֻǰһ𿰱ǴСĹ񣬺Ȼ䣬֣
ͨã͸޾ɣϣ˺ۣȻս׷ӡ˫ۻƣֱ˻ͬͯһ㣬壬ֱ
ǴϣůĸоڸĸĻһ㣬仳ѣĸὫ䱣
˵ʱʱ죬ֵɲǣӡȻֱӾı
֮ǿڷĴǹһδӡڲ˵Ӭײ
ͻȻһĻҲ˫һҪʩչͨʱǹ񣬶ˣ
֮ӣıֻͨǷӴĹ˫Ŀɲǣ͵תָȭٻ׵һȭ㣬תɲǣһȭֱȥ
üģ¶˸תǵ㣡
һͲĻᣬһȭͬһӴʯֱӾϡ
ɫҰףѪ׵׵ˣӵһƺߡһȭǽȸ๣ٽɡȫѹƣƣҲ޷ѹסı
һȭ֮ǹӰɢ³Ϊ˻ۣұڣʧ
кһӦô˿̺ԥӶݣȴһӣѪ˸£֮ǰ뿪ʥǰߵзУѪȻɳֱԶ˵ȥ
һ֪óʲôȴѪٽɲǣ赲Ѫİ̫̾أȫƾһɢ̾ͻᵹ£˿̲˼ץѪֱǰȥӶݡ
׼سɴߵ˲Ϣǿڻص⻰ֶУȴӣȻһ͵ͣ
֣֡㵨ϸݶϣƻԸΪϷ֮ʿֻҪͬ⣬ҿӸǻѣĸ
ˣɣ˫¶ĶԶǷؿڵӡ
һգһ˾īûҡѡ񡭡
һ졭
һ죬ˡ


1432 
Ϸթ㣬һǧǰϷŹ֣֪޵һΪֻӸƮǿգȴش
ֻǣ紸ĺȴǻһƬȻˣзŰʹеģΨĸ֣˺У
Ӹ
Ϸ֪ΪӸ֮ޣգȴû˿㣡ϷⷬжȻţΪϷˣ£
µȷΪѣϷûǰҲȻӸϷʦԶ֮˼Ҿ̫ţҲպգ
ϷȥʦѰ磬֮ˣȡ֮꣬ӡܸǶӣҲһܸ
䣬˵Ʊͼأȫƾһ˿йһ£Ѫ
ֻҪͬ⣬ΪϷ֮ʿһУϷ򶼿԰ȴһħȻϡ
¶֮ǰδйľңǵε飬һȸĻԶԶ޷˿Ƚϣûһ㣬ֱӵľ֮ϣ
ĵ֮Уһ£ֵ̳꣡
ΪĽ񸴻ֿһУƴһУ
ûϣ֮ʱϣϣϣֻһ˿ȴһ㣬ѹϣɫŭ졣
ΪϷ֮ʿ㽫ǳԽ˾īӵĴڣԽˮأ㽫ǱǱʿۣ֮
ͬ⣬Ϸšӣ
һҪ޶ôϷʦţҿʦȸӺؾۣٴӦҲ٣
ңɫȻԺһڷ˻źȫ
ӦΪ֮ʿͿɸ֣һ޵ֻΪһô
Ӧһǧٶ𣬾Ϳط꣬ƽҲԸʱһžۣⲻô
ӦǳΪ֮ūʿôҪһô˵һɣȽϣĸҪ
ӦΪڶ˾īӣΪ֮ūڣ˾ͽϣˮһеһϣӴ֮󣬳Ϊ
ԽԽջ춯صԺɫ԰ףʶĺ˲ϢͱѪ˿ӲǼҪѡ񣬻˺ˮҪ׵û
һգɱ˾ͽҸô
һգҷˮָΡ
һգɱؽڣкĿȥһϤס㡢ͷһһС
һգҺȸܲµ֡
¶ЦĿĵѪģ룬ڱǿ˺ʹ࣬һԴǶ޷ݰ㣡
һУۣκȥ˺ΪֿԷܶܶ࣬ΪԷ£ǿԻ
ֻǣЩ飬ȴǱҪҪֻǣ֮һ֮⣬һЩ᲻ϵĶ
Ӵ֮ڣͽˡȸϣȥĶ棬Ŵ΢ЦᦷУڵ𴫳УļϣЦĿ
˾ͽϣĿܣ꣬꿪ʼ̵޵ʦุ֡ѡ
˾ͽ֣˾ͽֵ˵һ仰仰ж˾ͽȫж֮⣡
һأֻ˾ͽ
һΪգ⣬Ҳڸǲ֪ǧĳԣһŵߣϦ컯ȥִ٣˪ѡˣעպбս
ֻһ¼˪¡
ˮʦ֣ȣһ϶Ϊʦ׷ˣһУҲҪκ˶ְϧһս
ǱʦܣǱ㲻һָҪһ
ˮ֮裬ɱӵıߣȻԽ֮ıһ֪ʦܣȻΪ֮Դ߹ūʿʹֻἸΡ
ȸѾ;ƿݣȻΪˣȸʥڽ֣ǴĿ⣬һֵг
Ϸ³һȫȸʥڡ¹棬ҲɺЦȥܺã㣬ȸʥڣҡչȥ
ʥʵķǣ־أڶ뾴У޷ȥȥĴˣŭʧ޷Ŀעӡ
ȸݵļսӴˬʵЦοɫ͵Ŀ⣬ζֵĴȰѪΣȣ췽ڣϧһ
ٿ֮ŻףǰȻΥһȸ֮⣬֪ҪʲôĴۣȸһǿ֮ٽɡ
СһĪҪǣ´֮ʱҪϷߴȸѡãһҪѡ㹻ޣ⺢ӿģû뵽Ҳϧϧ˫ʲôõģϷʵ޷⡭
кܶˣܶˡ
һУһѡ񣬱ȫᡭ
˾īӵļ䣬һĻĻ棬˾īӵ֮ʱͷԼ׷䡣
˾īӣպ֣
˾īΪõڣ˽ڣһʦʦܣԼ꣬ˣΪ֮ūΪ߹Ϊɱһָȥǵʦ˾īҲᣬ̧
ûп˾īӵļ䣬ֵѡ񣬽Ϊѡ
ûоε飬ûоһȸĻֱڣҲһУѡ
һʹ࣬Ҫϵ·
ڿ˾īӵļʣԼһ죬ѡ񡭡
ֻû뵽һ죬˿ĵ
һ죬ͬһ٣
һ٣˾īӵļ䣬һ缺ĵ·
ҲΪ˾īӡֵૣеʹȡֻʹ࣬ȴ͸˼ᶨ
ҲΪ֮ūʿ
ҲΪҵѡ񣬱ǵĶ¡飬޷ʹһ޵ΪһСֻǣ֮һֻ飡
˾īһΪһУΪһļǧָ־壡Һѡ񣬺жж֮ˡ޶ѣǣҲΪܡ
Ҳȥѡ񡭡
֮ʦĿ޶ѣ֣Ҳԣ
ֵ޶ҪԼȥ̧ͷԶת޾ǿգһ磬űϢԶԶȥˡ
û˿оӨˮֵ۽£ããǺУӰ
ƽǻô


1433 ǲ
ڤڤ֮й˵ʹ֣޷ݵ֮ҲѡҲûѡ񣬻ȥ
ûε־һεѡûһȸֳ˵ڶεĿ飬ʹĵģʹĴﵽһΪһʦĵز
Ҫǣûн˾īӵļڣԼΪƣѡĵ·ȴǽȻͬһ棬Ļѡ¡Ϊ֮ū
ĻֵѨ֮ϣ
뿪˻ȸ巶Χȸ屻ʥرĳһɻ˳ɻ˷ȥ˽һĻȸ岿䣬ǻֱ
ƵĴǿգֵֻãȻȴûбѰ㡣
ģƱ˺ѣʹϮȫ
֪ȥ˶ãеãɢȡ֮ģһƬڵƣҲ˱Ҫ˵ĵزĻΪ᲻תĵˡ
޵ĳ̶ȣѰƲ£һˣƵؾȻһ㣬вͻΪ
Ϊڻָ֮ϣΪǿҲʿԵͬƣҪſɻָ˵ʱΧ̡
ңһѡʱƽһһ˾סһ˭Ҳʶǵɽ壬ĬĬضȹһ
һҪƽľ񣬰Ѹ׵մȥءૣȻңڵǿգ̫ǳ󣬿ȴûдĸо
ããǺУһۿ߼ʣڵǿգǹ貣ȴûůеģֻǺ䣬еģֻﷺŨŨĹ¶С
ֵһڹ¶߹ǧ꣬Ѿϰ˹¶ϰ˼įϵĮװǧĹį£ģı顣
ģֻĮЦݣҲٺ١
ĿΨһģĮ£Ĩıһ֡
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ǣйĻԻֻͣͨʿ˿̣һеҫȥصɳʯһûĳǳء
ͬһߵĩ·ˣдţţԸͳһ£ϵĶﺮ֮У죬һƬƬҶǿݻƵɫȥϵĺְߣֲζ
Ҷ趯У͸ƬƬݻƣԿԶһˮ򱱡ǺˮԣһӰĬĬһƬƬݻҶߴ
ˮ棬һЩҶǷˣʱɢȥʹǼҶƣƮ˺ˮϣȾʪ˴ƮԶ
ҶֻǱˮǣȴһ޷ص磬֪δ֮󣬻˺ӵһ֣л꣬꣬ߴ˼Ʈˮصļ硣
ˮУӳֵӰòҲӳǲ԰׵Į飬ĿеıˣƺҲ˺ˮڣڻУԶˡ
ûؼˡૡ
ؼҵĵ·˷⣬һѡǱƺŽѷ죬صŮӣͳһö
Ůԣ̽Ѱһأ͸򣬲֪ڽ⣬򣬾Ϳɱܿ󣬻صѷڡ
оƣһЩҲ͸
ƺĲٽƣǴ˽ʿգһ硣
ڽϱϾǴʦ޷͸ǴϣͻѷĿܣ߳ɣ
ûȥջشռڣڵĽƣҪҪһΪ⻹ΣҪǣִ˿̵״̬Լǵδ֪Ůǰ
ĬƬ̧̣ͷεգ
ǲ𡭡
ش߲ʻڵӣҲݣƽȴǲɵɻ
ΪߺͣԶԿȸԴ飬ʩչ£ĴԿ֪֮˾ī֮£֪Լ֣շȷıɡ
Ϊ𣬸߲ȸûӦȸֻǣô֮ǰ֮жȸΪΪ̫ǳڣΪأû֪һ壡
֮⣬һ㣬֮أһˣ֪ӣʩչģǻ֮
ǻ֮Ѱʿ̶ֳȣǵ˽ҪԴĳ̶ȡ
ֵһУһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬һЩ˿жȸ
ΪˣǳᣬŻ֪֮صʵΣ
£׿ȴ˻ɡ
˵ޱԴΪ̫֮Ǵ˴ʼգûó̫֮йصͨҪģ޵ǼǶƽڣǳӣƺϲûһĸоҸоƺǿޱȡ
üͷ֮ʼûд𰸣̾һȥ£ǴӴóʣĵҩȫУĿ
紵ֵӰģܵĺˮҶΪһ壬ʿҲӱһˡ
ʱȥת۱죬֮УԪƣδתֻǲٶ񻯣֮ˣȴǻָ˴롣
֮ͨǹԷӵ൱Ȭʱˣ֪ʱȣԼ֮شȻ̫ǳƵ̫׷ɱ뿪˵֮أȻ˻׷
ڵ֮أΧԼȥ֮ʱͱ˲˷ӡԼóȻ¸ϻȥ˵֮أֻͶ
ץһʱ䣬ԼΪܿٵĻָ
һգ֮УȴͻȻ˫ۣĿкһĪģһľ֮Уоеһ̶Ⱥڤڤ֮еһԤ
ԾվĿһɨɫΪ֪ܲʱȻһƬž磬Ҳʧ
Ǻҹһ¹ɫڵ棬ʹˮһƬƬϸܵĲƣһ𶯿
Ǻϲ֪ʱµҶҲԲȦת
˼ǰһȥŤƻصһ֮£Ӧɢ˲Ϣ䣬ӽҪصɲǣȴպȻһɫУһ޴ѷȻɨ֡
һɰѹƵƽķϣǴѷڣֱӾһֻ֣Ѹ͵ֱҪصץȥ


1434 
ͻȻյľ޴ѷ죬춯صĺ粢ǺɭУȻʹصӣıƳ
һжǵʯ䣬ӱǺƳɲǣ޴ƣȻץƺһжƵļΪҵ֣ԤֻѡسɴӶݣⲻ֪ͨ򷨱ŪĺǺֵȥ
˲Ϣ䣬ֱۺȻץ
ǴֱɢϢ̺һ֮ɱ֮ˣǵڶʿǵ׼ȷ˵Ǹո̤˾īˮһڣ
ϢڣһɱŰֱֶ
ûκԥ͵תһ֮£Ȼͳһָףָڣһ֣ɭ֮ɫһΣڵָ׸İ
ָףǴˣȸϣ綾֮
ֲ˼̧͵һӣָ״żХȻֱٵƣһж˲䷢Ĳ˼飬ת£ָ׾ڷ磬һ
һ죬ָ׾Ȼ͸ƣȻɲǣʹī˲Ϣƣֱֱ۶
һֱȻһһƬڻʧ
ָ֮ǿֵϣƾɢǹɿ񱩵ϢȴϣʹѪٴһӣȴǹϢҶһֱճֵѷȥ
⣡
ϢҶӭȻʮɡɡǧɣȻ䣬ͷѷϣ
ͺѷڴɲǣǰһȥأ˲ϢӰسɴ˶ȥ
뿪Ϣ֮ǷӡѷϵĹϢҶ㾧⣬ɢӰ
̫ǳǿУһɫĬҶ
ʱǰоƾճ֣˹ϢҶСкһӼǰɳۣٴسɴ磬ʧӰ
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о߱һΪϵʿһֱӾȫѪˮɡ
ֱ¼ȥһĲҽУԭ޷ǿգһȴʹȻ˳
ǣǷ³ķ֧䣬ϻûзˣеֻˣ˿̱ɨ룡
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ͺ󺺷ǰȥǿ飬̮һ㣡󣬸һͷ޴ǣĳ֣


1435 ֵķ
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1436 Ĺ
һתķ籩Ź֮Ĺѷڣ¼µŨŨϢһ񡢹ħǰķŭ»һſͷ­һʯ̨ϵԹ
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󺺳ֺһͿԶķ籩ɫʱ˱仯ԥܿһֱ̧֣֮¶ʱһǺ
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1437 µĶߣ
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֮Ĺأ漰ܹ㣬֮أ±ʣ


1438 㡢
ȫӰںڵָҪˮɲǣȴǴˮڣͻȻһŨŨĿ⣬Ȼת۾ˮ棬Ǻָһ
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ֻһΡǺ߻ת
⣬ĬĬɢ

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֮Ĺѷ⣬ŨŨУ̤ѷĲûΪһ仰һаͣ١
ͷţû仰һ㣬ӻһĿĳ磬ֱѷŤ֮С
Ťޣֵ̤룬뿪˴˽һϢȫɢ٣ӰʿһУת۾Ӱˣ뵽ǹ֮Ĺصѷڡ
ֲǺͯҲûôĺģûڲ֪ϸʲôΪֵͷŮӵʿһ·ǿߵֿΪ£ŲԸĪӴ
ǶԷŵ˺ôæҲԥȥµǼΪ֮ĹǰϸСĲ죬ССĲ죬ȴܵһΣ
ԽԼ̫ǳڵһоٶ־ԽǸоǲԼйڤڤ֮нԼڣϸ΢ĬĬزٿԼͷ
һľ֮ʱȴǸΪ˿ȥʿ
ԼڵɲǣԸٶңңߣʿüͷһ壬˿ڵλãܾ֮Ĺѷ첻ɣƾǿΪ뷨ȴֻߵǰ޷
ۿӿУԽӱʿ̾һ
ҪԱǿ̤Ĺ޷СһüûйĹʾݺ֮çɭ⣬һģΨ÷һˡ
ʿĿһ˫̧֮һָʱǾŸͷ̱â˸һ£ŸâǹâһƬȫ֡
Ƭ̼䣬ڣâ߳һŮӵӰŮòףһͷΣ£͸Ŀڲоŵâת
ŮӰֵɲǣȻڣ˲Ůüģһӡǡ
̾УŮᲽһ̤˰ɴĹ֮Ĺѷڡ
Ӱ̤ͬʱйâɢʿӴ˳ֱȥɫв԰ף˺ĬΨͳĹСϣоµĺۼʩչߣ̫ǳޱˣСб˴˺Ŀܡ
ʧٶ꣬ҵ֮ˣҲϧçɭö壬εȻһ·ٲΪԼѰҺ֮ˣǻᱻʿнӰԽԽԶ
Ҫ뿪ƬĹɲǣʿͻȻĿһȻͣһԣһۿԶ
ԶͺһɱŰϢȻɢ̺һɷ
㼴㲻Ҫ󣬱Ҳжǣ죡죡죡
һĵЦ´Цջħһ㡣
˼Ҳ˵ˣԽǿ꣬˼ҾԽϲءһ𣬿ɱûõҪء
˲Ϣ䣬ͿԿһӴӰȻľʹӰ̫󣬼һǰ㣬ӣȴǰУϵС
ɭ
˿̵ɭ˫ͨ죬ɫȴһɰԵƣȻɢвϵҪʿǰ
ⲻһôôΪĪǽȥĹôǳջһ˿⣬ɭüĴ
ʿЦ˺󼸲һܿԶԶȥƮ
ӱѸģԶͿŵǹɶĵϢ
ɱȲŵʥŮߣǴ֮ɣ㵱걻°˶꣬˾õ¯ϧ϶޸ܣȴ֪պᱻ˭ռȥءǴջЦƺ⣬ɭӰԶȥˡ
ǰʿкһԽԽԶ
֮Ĺѷ죬̤һ˲䣬̾͸ܵһɴ֮ûȿһУһΣѸбźɣ˫֮£âƣһںϵĹӰ
ĽʹȻϾǹ֮Ĺأ֮ǰв˽Ҫ
ȫӰֵɲǣһ죬һǿ֮ȻϣĹӰ˲Ϣһ
ֽԸʹ͵Ϯ֮ǰչ˹Ӱܣ˿̺Ȼ֮£ǹӰâɶ𣬺ĴӰ䣬Ȼͷȥ
һƺߴ˼ˡ
һжǵʯ䷢̤ѷͬʱ͵Ϯתۣ̺ˡ
˿̣Ҳܣ˵֮ǰѷЩܴͬƣȻһط
Ȼڽѷһɲǣ˶ɢȥ˲ͬ
ǻ谵ģһƬŨŨ纣ɲ⣬䶯ʱſɭɭڰĺڶȴɡ
գƯһޱ޼ʵʯƽ̨Щƽ̨ϣһͷ­һۿȥʯƽ̨࣬ʣͷ
ֵǰһ۵Ӽˣɫ԰ףǻѪֵĿ⣬͸Ȼ֮ɫ
Ƿ͵Ϯ֮ˣ
ϣ˿ʮʿЩ˴˿̾ɫ𾪣Ŀɨȥ֮ʱһ׷ʶ˺
ѪȵϢĿһ̾жϳЩˣֹһεֳɱЩʱдãȻ־ʿ
ɱ˶ᱦ
Զһɢʿͼ̤һƽֻ̨ƽ̨һƣƾͨȴ˿ƿ롣
һɨ˵ʿ٣ֻ˵̫Կ֮У


1439 ɱ
Ըرһͱ͵ϮܰݣҴ˵عĹΣգһҪʵ˵¶ƣȻᱻΧ
ʶһҪ
кǼ˵ϣҽǰһȥ磬Ǻ
ʿΪ̫ߣδﵽ˵˥ֻ˥֮ѣʩչֽͨһɲ͵ϮȴǱʮþȵ˼
͵Ϯ£Ϊ߳ҲˣϾκڱ󣬶жݵãȻֻţһ˲Ļᣬˡ
һˣʿȻȺ֮Щ͵Ϯ֮˱˴ԼûǿǰԼá
ȻҲпǵܱѷ죬ܱϾ̫ϡ٣Ϊ˺͵ϮᱦĻᣬȴǲġ
ǹѹΪǿңǽѷɲǣҲȻһҲ³
ֻǣôҲû뵽־ܲܣȴǱ룬̤δ˿ĻãȻ
ͨ䵽ԷϵɲǣȫԼϣʹѪӵ֮ͷƤ飬ɢ
двв˼Զ۶ߣ˿ۿִɱĿ䣬ɫ˲԰Ѫҧı䷽·ȥ
ӷӦҲǼ죬ȻҲǾþɳ֮ˣֵǿ֪Լٶٿ˺Ҳ޷ܹɱ٣ʶƴ³Ҫصڡ
ȥȴһ
һףȴͬѵѡ
Ӱ磬Хֱʿ³˿ٵٽȴ¶ؿһģֱһԪ֮ѪѪҺչ˶˼Ѫ֮ʹٱȻ·ۿҪڡ
ҲǸԷٵķϵΪ͸Ϊ˵˥ʿȫ뷴Ӧֻ͵Ϯ˲͵Ϯ֮ˣҪԵģ֣
ûйı¶ҲûʩչѪڶԷ֮ǰնɱЩֶΣȻ¶
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Ǻ¡¡ľܾ󲿷ʿע⡣
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ʿѪ֮УȻͽ뵽ڣҪ¼ۣ̾͸ܵܵҵķһɿ֮Ȼ
Ǿ޴ӡһƿһ㣬ֱӾ֮ϣ䶯ӿܼɢ¶һаݵľ޴ƺۣ
һĲҽбڸӡµĺУƺ۵³֮£ӡƴ͸ֱӽʹУ¶һӡ״ĺڶĿģ
ڸһƬССѪԪĲԪɢȴʿӡ͸壬
һΪ˵ʵȴẠ̧̊́ܶɱˣǴĿƺ۽ܵǣ˵ɢһ֮ȴǱʿ󶼿вʿĿ˸Ʋδо֮⣬ȴ˽
һЩֵĿ⣬͸˼ƺЩƣһ
ԶһƯƽ̨棬һµŮ¶֮ɫֻʣһķŮӣ
ǷڱĻʱɢǴ󺺲֪ȥĸ򣬵Ůȴһ
ɫƽǰһȥѸپͽӽǰһƯƽ̨ƽ̨ԼǧɴСϷһͷ­ͷ­˫Ŀţ͸ŭ벻ʣü֮ϣһ޴Ѫüĵӡǣߡ
ȥӡǣ־ܸܳͷ­ǹ
ͷ­ǰϲһɴᦣᦲţûκ趯ûһ
ӽֶʱ͸ܵƽ̨ϴų֮һɷֹκ̤롣
۲֮ʱֺȻɫһ͵תգȴ֮Ϲâ˸һ˱͹͵Ϯʧܣۿ͵Ϯ߱ɱ֮ʮʿȻڳ͵Ϯ
һµŮӣŮһͷڷڼϣɼΣվ֮ȴ̺ű䡣
ĳ֣˫ͫһŮӣ֮ǰѷ⿴ʿΪơ
ǰŮҲ֣ͬ˵Ŀ⣬ڽһɲǣĹڣ
谵ͻȻƵĺԶŭ𣬺¡¡Ĵ˷·ɵĴأǾҵķߣŭĺһ㡣
أһɲǣһԭ˴ңͻȻϣ޷紵
̫ǳڣеѷ죬˲Ϣ䣬ٵ£ճ׵ϣӰΨܣһ
֮Ĺأرգ
ѷɢͬʱĹ֮̾һּΪǿҵΣкȻ񱬷ȴ·ǷȻһʮɴСתһʿ㲻ֱȫҽѸüֱʾǻһ˸ķģԱƮȥ
ͻȻıʣʹʿȻһɲǣƯЩͷ­ƽ̨һϻƵ޷򿪵ķ֮Ȼɢˣ
һоʮŸƽ̨ϵķ֮ʧڴͬʱ·ʮȻǱʿһȫüֱʾɳƮڰա
ֵ£ͬһ̫죬ת۾ٽֲʮɣֲ˼˲ǰһȥֱӾ̤ʧȥ˷֮޷ֹƽ̨֮ϡ
˫̤ƽ̨ɲǣƽ̨ԵȻֱʣȴûжκ˺
ˣֻһˣ̤ƽ̨֮ʱвʿ׷һΣȿֱֺԼƽ̨ȥ
û˷ƽֻ̨оʮŸ֮ϵķûκɢһʿжͬʱ̤һƽ̨
Զۿͬʱһƽ̨ǶΪԱܿ˲䣬ƽ̨£Ȼһǧɴϸ·ת۾Ͱƽ̨֣ƽ̨ͬһͷ­ʿȫڣɢ߽⡭
һԻһʿǿ󣬼ܣҲҪ
һĻֻһΣڷŵĻ֮£ʮƽ̨ϣͬʱϣ죬һǧûһʹпһĻʿ׷Ȼ
˫͵һԥ˫һӣ̾һ˴ɢڵǧƽֹ̨κ̤룡
ʿд٣ûз̤֮ƽֻ̨ʣʮƽ̨ͻᱻ·ԽԽ䲻ϵĳɱ
ҪͱҪһҪ죬Ļһƽ̨ͬʱ̤ˣͬƽ̨ȫ
˿ֵ̣ƽ̨ܣʮʿ˫ֱֳۣ
ҪôҪôһ
˼ȴЩǡˡ


1440 
·죬ɱ֮УһƬ򣬿ʿ̤ʮƽ̨ÿһ涼վһʿ
ڵһУͶһռһƽ̨ߣ˸Ϊ˵ʿ⣬󲿷֣Ϊºߡ
ôˣĻ˵ûǰ˵صĶߣԸȴΪ˷ֹһΣգǰնɱһԼƽ̨֮ޡ
̬ʣ֪Ψж̤ƽ̨ɻ֮Щûƽ̨ȥʿһȻ˫ۣΪ˻ȥֵܣҲҪչɱ
Ȼ䣬ʿͷֱʮƽ̨ȥ
֮УϾȥ鿴Щʿռʮƽ̨˫֮£˻ܣγһĻֹǳʮˡ
ʮʿΪһﵽ˵˥ߣʿΪȣģҲǾڵӡ
Щ˾ΪǾ˿Σ£ȴǱȫǱټ٣˷ֱƽ̨
һ죬ʮʿͨɢĻ֮ϣĻ𶯣ʱŤʮʿǷչһп֮ó
һУֶ룡
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֮춯أӡɨУ̾ͰͨҪƽ̨ʮʿĴ룬ӡ紵Ϯӵˡ
Ȼ죬ƽ̨һЩʿͬͼƽ̨ʿʱмʮˣĲҽУ֮¡
Ѫζҽ֮ڣʹЩûƽ̨ʿһΪͺ죬һĳһƽ̨
ʮʿһЩ󣬻ʣˣ˿̺۾ַ˸һ֮ͨ
кǰһȥת۾һʿǰʿɫֳֵɲǣſڱһĹСзɳֱ֡
ʿΪ˵һ˥ӣĹС˸ɲǣ˫ָȴǱǷɽҪ죬ֱӾ͵˴üġ
ԪĳڣһʿԪȴδɢǻһƬѪ뱻ڡ
һжǵʯ䣬ɱ֮ԱһȥȴǼΪɵıܿӭĹɽһ֮£һְ׷
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촽һΣ֮ʱȴһʿ࣬ɫ԰ûκԥȥ˫֮һѪѪջһ޴Ѫɫͷֱɶ
ֲû㣬ֱʿȥۿѪɫͷҪɹ¶֮âǰ͵һͺ
һͺ𣬾䣬ʿɱңһͺ£ѹȡһУ춯ض
ѪɫͷȻһȴƱɵֿĿɨʱɢǿ紵ֱ˵ʿûκΰ취㣬˲Ϣͱɨ糾һ㣬ڷлһƬѪ̣Ʈ첻
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ɱ¾ûֹͣµ˾ĿһУ˿ȴǺ˾Ҫҧ֮һ뿪ƽ̨գֱƽ̨̤롣
֪ֻﺮ䣬˾ʹ뿪ҲϾɱִԲ̧ǰָ£˲Ϣ䣬ȴָ֮УǧХݣֱٶ˶ȥ
һŮ̫죬ת۾ͺȻٽһΣ֮ʱɫΪŹֵĶ˫ָǴ£ץգǽٵɲǣͺ˫͵һơ
УһƬɫĻƾճ֣ʿ˫𣬻һ޴ĹĻ赲١
£ѪӵˣǰĻٽڣʹôӲУˡ
Ůӣͬɫ԰֮Ҫ㣬Ϊ˵ߣٶȴǼ죬Ҳڱ֮ǰٽ
˿̼㣬֮յǽٵ˲䣬ƿ˰ӣ֮£Ҽ⣬ҽȴǱܿ
߶һɫʿϣʿʱ
УһһˣǸ˵˥ߣ˫ȫʱ˾⼱ת֮£ǽϵسУӷĺˣںʱ̧Աһץȴǰһʿֱץ赲ǰ
ȫǱץʿڣ˺顣
ת֮䣬ɱ֮ɱˣ˿ƽ̨գֻʣˣѩף׵ѪûȾһ֮ƽ̨֮ǰվ֮Ŀ磬һɨ
ʧȥұ۵Ůɫ԰ף˵£ȴһֱŨĿ־壬ǰ°׷ʿͬսʤһɽ
Ҫˣȥƽ̨ᣡ
˵˥ͬѪɫԥתˣµһˣΪٶҲ죬ʶȴǱֵܹɱ٣˿̻ɢˡ
ȴԶһƽ̨һǧϽʹͬʱ̤ʿȫ
δǧٴγһƽ̨£
̶̵ʱ䣬ʮƽֻ̨ʣ˶ʮ˸ûƽ̨ʿֻʣ˲ʮˡ
վƽ̨֮ϣĿȥܣûκʿҽӽ֮ǰһĻĻɱ٣ġ
ֵĿһɨУǷŮŮռһƽ̨ϥüĹâ˸ȴһ֮⣬ƽ̨֣ƾʿΧҲֻŤζȴûб
Ů⣬ˣҲֵעӡ
һˣȻǳεİŮӣŮֻĬĬվԶߣǽӽƽ̨ʿṳ̂룬ʱĲҽ˫ĿºѪȫɢж
һˣһʿ£һƣֳһ߳߳
ԻȻŵΪᡭʿ˿ھƣֳһӣҲʲô佣⣬㴩͸һʿüģ齣֮ʱȥʿüһѪƽ̨ϣ÷֮Ρ
ƽ̨ϣʮѪɫ÷Ȼţ
һˣһӣɫһ˦֮Уһǧߣȷɣٽʿȫ븹ڡ
ˣһˣӼߣ£˫ĿʼձţӰ֮죬֣Ҳ˸УӰƻԭأܵʿȴһһҽÿһȥ֮ˣԪ񱻳飬·


1441 Ŵִ
ǸʿԶƽ̨վһӽȻ෴ʿʿ˶ޱȣƳһʼմźƵ΢ЦһԱۣͷϻűñ
УһС̣һ֮£žž֮
㣬ˡӷʴʿҡͷϵҲڲֹУֱ̧ƻûܳķʿϣÿһν£ЩʿһӡһУ·
ֻʣ¶ʮ˸ƽ̨ҲߴΧʿɹ룬һδεɱ£ձᣡ
Ļ£ɹߣѰ֮ˡ
ߴɹƽ̨Ҳֵͬע⣬ģ֮ǰһ֮Ķӵ˵˥ߣȻһ
ˣΪҲԲͬ䣬ʱ죬ɱһ
һˣ֮Ϊ򵥣һ۵񣬿Ϊֲ֮Ҳʩչʲôһ丽ʿȫ¶ã֮ɫ
еƽ̨ԭʮʿɱٽʮȫãȻˣóƽ̨֮ǰƽ̨ˣҲã֮ȥƽ̨
һԽԽ࣬һеɱƺһ𣬾ȻˡƬֻʣ˶ʮ˸ûзƽ̨Χ֮ǰʿȫʬҪôѪ⣬Ҫôǳڡ
ŵһĻܶݣȴһΪп̭Ӳǰʿ˾ųϣֻʣʮˡ
ɫƽϥ£Ŀɣ֮ǰɵЩʿԪѪ֮֮áֱڣûб¶ֶ̫Σʿݣִ֮ͨҲûó
˵شΣǹϣΣղȫĹأ֮ޣأʹԼ˸оĪ⣬ҪʱЧֶΡ
ƽ̨ϵʿ˿Ҳ׷װ˿һȴһɰӿʹþ󲿷֮ʱĹ۲ű˴ˡ
ŵһսܶݣȴʹ˶ڱ˴˵ͨ
֮ͬǰصעǼһҲвʿע⵽֡
֮ǰɾɱˣӣһͺѹ˴˵һϢǽһ˥ٵʿ֮ͨڿʱ¶衣
˷ŵսû¶̫ͨߡǧɴûӣϥĿɨɫʼ
һ֮öԷͨɢ˵ͨйءǳɹƽ̨һɷ֮ޣֵĿ⣬¶ơ
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Ȼɱҡ辡ҵ֡ԶǷŮɫ԰ףҧ´֮ɫŨ
˲ȥǣûɱңǷһ顭ǱַŹ˵˥ߣͷĿ¶־壬ŵһս¡
ǳİŮӣĬĬջؿԶĿ⣬ͷ֣𴦣ɫƽ֪Щʲô
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ݵĻָ֮󣬱ʿֱƽ̨ϴڵͷ­ǰȥ
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ͬʱԶĲҽдȻȺʿ˱͵Ϯɹ
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˫ֻ裬ܺɨİĴһΪʿ٣ȫһʱͨɢת֮£ڵͱıˣʹ˿տ
ʮƽ̨ϣ˿һˡ
Ϣһɺʿɢ⣬ȫ͸ңһλãΧˡ
ʵ˻𣬴ܵţֵ˵Ŀ£ڣȻ¶һӰ
һֻֻޣ֣һۿȥͲ֪ж٣
ܣȫǣ
λѣĸ䣬͵ͬһҲԵʹȻΣĪҪˡ
ŵ䣬֮Ĺ˽һЩĹֻΧҪĹ󣬴߲ʸڲ֮ǰ֮ʿɫ¶ã˿ɳƵش
µɲǣһ޷˻ȫֱʮ˸ƽ̨ϣʮʿȥ
һĻ޵ǧ
ĿһЩڣ˱Űǵȼߣ
ʿǽڽ⣬ǼΪصĴڣʿǿҼΪͨףڽ̫ǳȴ
Ϊʿ꺱һʶУʿ˿ܵǿ
йʿִţ̫ǳʿУǴ˵֮ޣΪǸ֮ǣȫŹһµĴš
ţʿּ䣬ǧҷ𡭡
ţʿĿڣ޷ֿ
ţʿеجΣȼն
ţʿһŭ˵ŭ𣬳ΪʬɽΨһվǿ֮ˡ
ššǴš
ǷŮ˵û֪ǰŮҲ֪Ǵеʿ֮С
ûʩչ֮ʱǿġ


1442 ˵
ǧޣ˵࣬ʵۿǳ֮ʱһХ£ȴԸһǿҵĳС
ɫٶȣЩ޿µγһɼΪǿƣٽ
ǧȣֵʮˣͬ׺һڣʱɱû
ЩޣΪȣ߼Դﵽ˵˥ΪߣҲԲ֮
һ̸ǧټǹٶȣȴǱЩӦ˵Ӧɴ˵ʿߣǧٵɲǣһȻչͨ¡¡Ĺնɱ
ɫƽ̧ǧָХһɨ֮нԶԶȥһ֮籩ɨأޣȫ籩ɱ
һͷͷ˲䣬ȴȻϾк⼱˸ܱ֮籩飬Ȼһɻ֮һ죬Ա
Աγɵ䱾Ϊֹ˺ͬʱԱǾҵɲǾѹһϢں䴫֪ͷ
նɱԼʮ˿ͬʱ൱һ˵˥ʿȫһ˫ĿһޱĳɲǣȻ޾׹֣ת۾ͻһ޴ĹӰ֣
ӰɴĿǺ¡¡ĳٵ˲䣬˫Ȼһ𣬺ض𣬷ĻصУӰŤȴû飬ǹâȫĻ֮ȥɨ˷
ܣڶޣʱͱ֮ⷴһĲҽбǵıȴγ˸Ϊ޴Ա֮УΪģһ籩
ԽԽǿҵԱ֣֮ɫƽӰΪâ£˫һ˿˸أʹ޷˿ֵı顣
𶯣еޣǰԱĻᣬһЩǸûüԱ㱻ɱÿ飬һɰȻڣǹ֮һ
壬̾ͻ˵һ֣ұ֮ʿ˻ҪһЩ촽ĿһȻһ뿪Լڵƽֱ̨޶ȥ
ڲԶʿ׷׵ֿҲм˲֮£Ա֮ȻѪӺ֮ʱΧסҪЩΧٴԱΪǿĳֱ
ɵģҪǰŮӣŮɫʼ糣Ҳʩչʲôͨƽվһнӽޣһٽȫð޾Ѫҽжˡ
Ӱ磬ʮʿУһɱȺ֮ˣľٶʱɱ˵Ŀ
ֶЩɨĿ޶ãбٽһȺޣ̧ǧХɨֱӾ˺Щ޵ڣصԱ֮ǰȴһֱֱӺɱһֱֶ塣
ڱԪգƶʱԺһЩֳ˺ôų֮ˣһ֮гԶһȺ˰Χ⣬̧˫ָɽֱӾ͵һϣɲǣߡ
֮ϣתۼ䣬ʮͷȫǱްΧȻʿֵ̼Ŀ⣬˸м
ֲδᣬתֱԶ
ʱ伫Ĺȥֵľٶʹô˵ʿ޷ȥעӣ̱֮Լٶɱ⣬ȥط
žƺֳֽʿһһͷüĳ쳤Цϰ־ƺߣһڣҪʩչͨ
Ŀ׹һȴӰ磬ֱӾٽ˸֮£ص룬ȥ
ʿüͷһ壬ֹ˼䣬ͻȻĿһȴǿһЩߡͬģʿһĻߣֵľٶǹ۲֮£̾Ϳԭ
ûԱǰɱޣ壬ˣƾΪ൱ɴգ
ֻǣǿ֮ʱǧޣнǧУ֮ɱԱʣһǧңȴγһƬֵӰʿǰֱǧ޶ȥ
󣬳ǷŮʼղ뿪ƽ̨ǰŮɫƽΪ⣬߷׷׶ݣǧǿٲȻΪһ󲹵ҩһ㣬˿̼ʮ磬Ҫǰָ
λµѣҵȼԵһ飬˽ǧޣȻԣһɣ
УǧԱ죬ҪСĽһЩźã
ǰʿϷ򲻹ܣޣү٣
ͺ֮Ƕʮʿٶȱֱ׷֣
ɫ糣Цоٽǽǧ޵ɲǣüĹǵ΢ɲһȴǴӵһڣȻһĹ˸
˫һӡ
¯Ȼ֮УĽǧޣȫڣǾ޴¯öһɲɣϢ籩ƣһɾУ˷
Щʿٽ˲䣬ֵͺ
һֳڣ¯ڽǧ޶ʱҽУûԱ¯һƬǣϢ⣬ת֮УǶʮʿĿɿڴ£Ӵ¯ʵһ㣬ں¡¡£ȻСһĹ⣬ʧüġ
һжǵʯ䷢˲Ϣֱǧȫߣ
תУɫĮɨһ׷ˣЩڣŨŨһȥصԼƽ̨ϣִһ˦һǿΪɢķ
ǶʮʿһĿⲻƣȴ˼ΪĬûȳ֣ԶǷŮһһһҧҪǰȥʱĮĿϡ
Ůһɫʱ԰ףŲͣһҲҶ
Ƭ̺ǶʮʿһһصԼƽ̨ʱԹ˴£ʱֵĿ⣬ȴǼΪơ
ΨǰŮӣĿ¶һ˿ͣһͷʾ⡣
ʱվƽ̨ȻһȴڷŶݵͣٺǰ۶ȥڶ߻صʮƽ̨ٶȼ죬ֱӳǰڣʧ
޶дã˭Ҳƽվƽ̨ϣɫ¶˼˫ȴǺһü֮У¯ڱϵĳڣʹƣԼٶȻָš
ˡõĻ磬Ŀڣ΢ɲȼգʢ


1443 ʿ
ʮƽ̨һ֮ǣһֲķʽٶȣǰ۶ȥƽ̨ٶȣ˿һ˥ٵʿȫչ
ƽ̨ƶʹ֮Ĺأ޷ĥĺۼվƽ̨ϣӭٶȼķ磬һͷƮ
˿һ⼱ӿȥ˫Ŀ¶֮ɫӽ֮Ĺغ󣬱һֱڹ۲졣
һУΪ죬ûǰֲҪƽ̨׻Լȥδ
·ޱ޼ʣ֪䵽жƽ̨Уȴָоڣһ˫۾ĶŰڵһʿ
֮ĹصʿӦò٣ȴֿҲһƽ̨ϣƽ̨ߡ
Уʱ仺عȥƺƽ̨۷ʺХ֮ȡ֪߳˶Զ
ʱǰ˫ۣͻȻһǰܻȴŤûȥϸƽ̨ͺȻ䴩Ťڡ
ǰȻһ䣬󾪺ͻȻʹӼʿдһжʮֵλãȻһƺ֮ǰӡĹУûκ̤֮أ
ﷶΧԼʮɴСܱԵȫŤĿռ˺ѣγһ޴Σȫķ
ֵ˵ƽ̨Ǵһռ˺ڴ롣չǰأһƬɫ֣
ӡ죬Ǻɫģ治ĴأһСӣˮУȫʺѪҺ
Ѫȵζϵس⡣
Ƭصģһ޴ӰһԼǧɵĹϥɫüһ󶴣ѪҺԶҲʲ˳沿£ڵϡ
ϥǱԿȻڵĹͷȻ֪ڶǰ򣬵ȴ˴ϥǣò
ϥصӣ䱳ȻһǧɴСʯƽ̨ʯƽ̨ͨѪɫϸѪƣ
ģȴбŰĽƣ˸ڷӡʲô
Ҳ࣬һԼİɵӰӰͷеǣɫĿ벻ʣĿտգȴǱȥѪۿ
࣬һɵĹͬ£Ŀտգ۲ŨŨĿ־塣
ʯħԣĤʯһ㣬һĻġǼʿģϣһѪҺĺ⣬һӰ̧ͷԺɫ˫ۣĶͻȻƬӡ֮صĲ֮͡
ޣޣӡĴأ׵вٻѪɫĺˮʣһЩ˴˻ֵ˳ֵɲǣȴȫ̧ͷ
ݵ֮󣬵һͷͷ̾ͷ˾˻ͬʱĺһˣֱӾͺɨϿˣ
Ϊ̫ߣ֮ǰʿȻͱ˳ڣѪֱ׳·ȥ
û㱻һȺٳǧһ˶ϣɢʱѪ˺ɢ
ϵޣԾֱ˶֮ǰǧ޵һսЩʿȴ֪޵ĺô˿ܱ̾𣬵ȴû̫η壬Ȼɢֱ·޼ۡ
ЩȫޣƾͿȫָĿһ촽ǰһȥ𲽽ǰȻʮʿһȥ
ЩʿһĿ˸ȴǴ⣬˷ֶֻռͷЩ޾ͣȻĶ
ǰʿҵȱҪɱˣ֪Ǽ֮ǰƽ̨ɹʿĺ֮˿̱˴ĿһɨȴĬ
ƥǰ׷ѣ˵ɱɹʮĻݹֵү񣡡ӼΪʴ󣬴Ա۵ʿһӣЦе˵
ɱһֻҪ˭ҲȲ㣡Ӹݣʼձ˫۵ĺʿǰ俪ڡ
ΪܲŭҵС飬ʬûӣĿɱһߵ
ѷ̫³ç˵컯˿Ե̫̰֮ģЩȥˣ̰ͳɱ㣬ΪٸߣҲһҪŧɭص
Ϊߣ˲ִ֪磬װ˷Ϊ͵ȴޱ̾̾¾̰֮ˣĪΪԼܲɣžƺʿҡͷ¿ھƣֱ·޶ȥ
һ仰͸ɱȻڷֶ˴֮£˾󲿷ʿĲ⼸˵֮⣬ʿҲ׷¶ɱȻ˳ɱ˵ľϡ
ǲδ뿪ƽ̨ķŮĿһ˿ϲɫһ뵽ֵĿ£ȴǲɵϲɫϨ
֮ﴫɫƽкһĿȼգûٶȸ죬һֱ֮ӿ޾룬ǿΪһȥֱӾͳԽǰʿֱǴӵԾٽ
ôĵӣ
ң

ֵΪ׵ļŭˣɱȻ𣬸ȻͨʱһȻٽҲʩչʲôֻ̧ͨǰһӣغ䣡
һͷͷԾյޣȴͻȻĲҽǵںȻлȼճ˫ĿɲǾͱ־ȡɫŤ֮УҽиΪҡ
ת˲Уֻּ䣬ǧ޺Ȼ£ͱڵȫһȫ
һɫɳֱ룡
һͷͷڣȻܷɢڣͬʱȼ֮£ء
ϣһͷͷ޹ȼգϵػΪڻңһɫأĳڱա
ȼɢޣ̾д룬˻У˻𺣵һ֡ûаͣ٣޾Ѹ͵ıԪգһ޷ٶȣĻָ
һǧǧǧһֵӰת֮£˵ڣȫڶ
ĳ룬ֵƣһɲǣȻ׻ָˣ
֮У޾
ڻһͷͷ޺󣬴˷ֱֺٽȫĿ
˼򵥣˾ˣ
˭ҪɱңתĿһĿɿڴʿɨĿڣһžɫȼ
ʿ
Ȼ֮ޣôܣ
ѵóһεʿȻʿ
ּޱΪҡҷžȻҪɱ
еʿصĻ棬չⱻӡһأһʿУ˵ڣʱһȻˣ
ֵĿһɨ£ˣȫʶļʮɣһɫȻ¶𺳣Ǽſڳ֮沿˲ϢûѪɫ
ʼƽİŮӣҲһɲǣ¶𾪣֮â˸
񣬼žܣΨǼٵڻص


1444 
ĮĿ⣬Щ˺ʮɵʿɨЩ˵ڣھҵı仯ֻһͿȼԷɼĴˡ
ֻ֮ĹڣΣķû˵ضʱǱҪûɱ˵֮ˣҪģ
ǰЩʿڣôˣΪĪ⣬ǰǱƼˣ֮£֮ĹУûκκô
ûкôƽ׵ɱˣ飬ֺȥ
ĿɭɭĿɫתһͷ׷ƮϢĿɨȥ˫ĿӴߣ׷ҵ𶯣ɫΪ԰ס
֮ǰ˵ĳɱ˵޹ʮ㷭Ҫ񣿡̧һָӷʴ󣬴Ա̵ۣʿ
ʿһϵķҲŶЦİԽп࣬Լſɲ֪ԷȻʿʿ֮꣬¡Լ
ǻûȽԷ꣬Լ⣬Ҫոɾ
˫۽Ƿ˶ʿĿһ˿ɱէէ֡
Ƿ˶ʿͷҲڳ˺ˮоƺһŻڻȼһڸ֮ʱʿæһһƴСƬæݳɬСȷ˵˻Ѽ£Ĺƽ̨£ȨС³çˡ
һץƬУԿһĿǷ˶ʿƿһϡ
㷽˵ĳɱһֻޣձҪҸᣡֻ䣬ڡ
Ƿ˶ʿֲԼ˿֮ǰ˵˻ĺʿȴһ˫ĿʼձţϹһ˿̳Ĭ仯
֮ʿһȭǰһ˦ȴһѺɫķɽֱֶȥǷɽϣһħƲϡ
֮ǰ³çĪҪ⡣Ǻʿڡ
ֽӹ˽ǺʿϿϢ˸ֵĸоǹŹ֣ϵܴڣȴԣ˵Ҳˣڴ˫Ŀüļ䣬ȴһӡһڣƺ˫ۣǹɷӡ֮ͻȻ
㣬ҹ㻹ҪĳʬԭƱˣȻҪԾһѣвߣⵥɱˡ
ûɫ԰ףˮʪ˺󱳣ԿЦȭҲ˵ֱóĹƽ̨ڵõһ«״ıĵ˳ȥ
һ䲻˵ĻҪڴ˵صõĵһرʿĿɬ⡣
㣬֮ǰôĿĳҪɱôĿһ۵ЩͨΪ죬һֱڣûп̫ߡ
ҪģڣûпκĲƺ˵һ
֣֮â˸֪Щʲôһԥ֮ʱȻǰһȥ̫죬һȻٽ
ɫһӼ˫ԪȻʹ̾һƬŤ֮ڡ
˲ϢֽӽŤ֮Уɫƽǰһģ𣬻һŰ˷ص
̶̵ʱڣϣȴڰʮεԪײǺԽԽңڶ⣬ԪԿУγһԪ籩ɨܡ
˷׷˺һ̫죬תۼ䣬һѪɫ԰ףɫļ˺˵ɲǣֵӰԪ籩һҫֵۣ˲Ϣ˫ָɽȻǰһָȥ
һָ£ֵڣзɽǲʯŻûԺһָȻأʹⱻӡ֮أȻһɲɣϢУһֱָȥ
ɫ䣬Ѿ߹֣ȴû뵽Էʿ߱˲˵˥ΪͨҲǼΪˣ
ΣͷҲ޷ȥͨȻֹͣˣ˫֮˫̫Ѩһ㣬ſһɷɫ
ɫһʱһɢǰȻһƳһĻĻþӸģ󣬺ȻͳһӰ
һӰȫϤ֮ˣ
ˣܹսʿ׷ĿãһǿȥƱԼ֮ˣ֣˿̾ȻɱԼףһŭȻȼա
˾Ȼ̫֮һķ塭ǷŮ˫Ŀһ¶֮ɫ
һж˲䷢ۿʿֱԻ֮һָȻǷɫһ
֮ӡ֮ؾҵĻصǷɫ赹һָ޷Կһɨ̾ͻҷɢʹһָüġ
һȥһѪڱصһָ֮±Ҳ޷أҵı̾ͻһƬȼաüԭڵǸӡǣ̾ͱȡ֮ģһֵŮӱӰһͼڣ
ڣҽж
ʿãɢת˲¶Ȼ
֮
Ƿ֮ˣ
֮һķ壡
ͣڰգ֣Ҫɱ֮⣬Ҫͨ죬ҪߣѾõ˴𰸣ȴ˼ɱ
һٵɢڣһ֣ΪһȽƵĴڡ
ûգɫҰףֵĿ¶Ŀ־ɵĬóԹĹķԥĵݸ֡
µʿһУһһóæݳԵſڳǷŮҲǵľӵĵݳ˷
ΨǳεİŮӣĿһۺչ¶΢Цһ֮Уƽֱ̨նȥ
˷ӡ֮Ӧ汦ȸȤұȥ֮Ĺأһ֮ʱŮƽƮӰʯƽ̨Զȥһ˺ѵķ϶ڣʧӰ
Ŀһû˵
һ𣬵ƽ˵Ŀⲻɵ˵棬ǹ񡢹ħ֮ϣ
ǹ񱳲ŵǧʯƽ̨ƺӿƷӡʲôΪǿ֮
ĿͬŵȥʱͻȻɫһ䣬͵̧ͷߡ
ͻȻ˵ʿȫ˶߾䣬ֻУͻȻһƬŤɼоŸ޴ƽ̨
ȻˣҲã׳ԹĹƽ̨ķԺţɭζһɰѹȻ٣
ӡ֮ʵŤѷ죬Ʊ˺һǾŸƽ̨ûзκϢ˺ѣӡ֮صգ


1445 Ĺ̨
Ÿƽ̨ϣվžŸʿ
ˣûŮӣȫޣΪߣ˿ԼѮҵӣһĿɱ
Ѫȵζǵĳ֣ӡ֮ڡ
ȴǾŸƽ̨Ⱦ˺ɫѪΪ˵ģǾŸƽ̨ϣƯĻǣЩһŤ
˵ΪһߣˣȻȫ˵˥ӣˣȻﵽ˥Ϊһߣòۣһͷҵĺ췢Ѫһ㣬ϣȻһ΢֮
ȴǰֻ̤İֻ֮Ȼ˰ҲֻһûдһվһϣȻ̫ǳڣҲݼΪ֮ײ
һˣһʿһȣ˫Ŀâ˸Ϊֻ˵˥ռһϯзǷ֮
Ⲣ𾪵ģ˫Ŀģµƽ̨
֮Ĺصʯƽ̨ȫǧɴСµƽ̨УȻһȻǧɣһ
ƽ̨ǰֻУ
Ĺ̨ûдﵽ̰ͼ֮ǰֻߣĿƽֵһɨ
˫أµƽ̨û˵ʿһǳĬȻǿߵǿ󡣱˴˻һ𣬺ȻΪһ㡣
Ŀ棬ʱϡ˴ƽ̨֮ϵʿҲɱȥɭĸоѪսһ
ʱΪֻ˵˥ʿͻȻǰ߶ߵ˼䣬˫Ŀһһ۴أֿһǹŵʯƽ̨Ŀֵһɨ
㣬̧һָԵһʿʿ֮ǰƽ̨ɹ֮һ˿̱ԷָУȴɫʱͲ԰
ԥ֮£ȴǲҲȥĬĬһһȭ鶯ˡ
ŶʶϷ򣡡ɫϲŭ
鶯̫֮źպգȻʶáʿæ˵
ȥƿϵķӡƿһɣһ鶯˻ڣԴȴǳ˲ݾܾ֮⡣
ʿɫ˱仯˵ͷ˫ֱͨ·ϵʯƽ̨ȥ
ת֮£ʿ˹⣬ǰɴ˺ɫƽ̨ãҧ֮̾һƬ֮ӰûȻȥ
Ȼ䣬ʿӰ˲䣬ƴɲǼ䣬ȻһŴڣ޷ٶȣֱӾʿһ
ûκ֮ҽо죬ʿ̾ͱ룬קڣҽвϵĴ˾ģ
Ȼǵ飡ǲ֪ǼƷǰֻ̤ߣжʱϲɫһǰһȻֱ⣬̧Ȼȥ
ƽҪµɲǣٴγ֣ҵķ£Ȼͻһ޴ħӰ߷Ĵһں
Ǻֱ߶ȥٶ̫죬ת۾һ𣬺֮ӡ֮ھ춯أɫʱ˱仯̺ˣһ˳ʮɣͣ¡
Ʒϧнƣ
ǹŻ˵˥ʿĿһڡˣһ۵ߣ˫ۣͬһЩߡ
ŻϷԽ˽ⲻ࣬мְƿ鶯˶Źϵĺƽ̨
⡭ֻɰաʿԥһ£ڵ
ɣ鶯üͷһ壡
ʼһĻʵ֮ǰ֮ʱǺڵĽƣƵȷǹŻڣ̺Ľ֮ҪƣǼ򵥣ɫۿǾƽ⡣
鶯üͷ֮ʱǴ۵ߣǰ鶯һȭˣ˽ƣµмְտƿֻƿ󡭡û˵̧꣬ͷ鶯ˡ
ƿ˵⣬зȫ㣡Ҵ˵ЩСõĹ֮ߴ룡鶯˳
¶ϲ֮ɫЦ˷ģѧϰ֮Ĳ˵ƣ¼䣬ûϷƳ˵ģһ㣬ѣҲȲϷ򣡡
Ŀʿɨʿ¶º͵΢Цȭǰ˵ļǣĳڽϣǺѧߡ
߹һЦȻ֮󷨱Դ֮Ϸ˽꣬ȻߣԴһƾƿҴڵĽƣͲʲôŻϷн֮δ˵Ż֮˵ţֱȥٽ֮ʱ˫Ŀһǰһӣ̱һƬ֮â˸
ת֮£ͻһ޴ķģɽɣâɣƣȻǺԿƣ
ڳֵ˲䣬ǺڵȻֹͣҺǺƿ紵ܳһЩ
߸Ϊ⣬ͺǰһָǾ޴ķĶʱֱȥ
Ϸ򡭡һ𣬷ĺȻǺʱ߻ﻹû˵꣬ǺʱٴλһŴԼٶȻһھ˷ģͬȫڡ
δĻΪһĲҽУصء
鶯˺Ҳû뵽ԷǰȥȻĽ
һЦһʿдⷢЦУӷ˶ʿЦ̾鶯ɭĿ⡣
⴩Աۣ˶ʿæǰ߳ˣ鶯һȭ϶΢Цȭ˵ˡڵĽƣеտƿЩûκιֻǴɱ͵һѣһţҪ˵ǰȥȺʿһˣ顭
ƿ㷨ߣ鶯˴˷˶ʿĻʲôûȤΨһҪõģڵĵ飡
˷ģ¹۲ãûʮգǰ֮£߳ĿƿǷ˶ʿһϲͷɨһۣ¶ЦתֱǺȥʮͣ£һһӣžž֮ϴһ̸鿪ӷ裬ȻͻһɽУ˶ʿ£ֱȥ
ɫƽЦĿڶԷһУȵʿɨĿԷǣгһ
˾ֻ˥ΪЩһ𣬶Ļı֮ˣҲڴ⡭ǳɫУһڽ³֡


1446 벶
շ˶ʿ˫֮⼱תּ䣬ЩӺȻһͼΣǰȻ֡
ͼοһ̲о֣ӣٲȻΪһܲ
ʿһأдʣ̧ǰһָɲǼ䣬һ飬Ȼֱȥ
ת۾ٽͻȻһɣ֮ɹ
һ죬ǺҪɵ˲䣬ͻȻʮɫϵ˸һõӰ֣ÿһӰӡǣźȥ
й֮ʹǺȻȻûɳɹ
һĻʿһ׷˫Ŀһ鶯˸ϲɫһΨʿǳէ֡
Ƿ˶ʿɫ¶һĨ⣬̧ٴһָâ£һӰĻУźƽ
ĿתĿһУйâһǷ˶ʿƽ֮ҲЩȡ̣֮ⷨӦǷÿһڣ̺Ľƣ˴˿໥ϣΪ
ѰƣܱƿƾЩСɵֶΣҪƿƣȴǡܣ
ڵĽƼΪӣйŻ½ڣںУ졣
ֻǷ˶ʿڹâиһӽʧڣǴӺУҵͺ𣬾˴ȥɲǣ˶ʿͻȻɫһ䣬˲Ϣ԰һѪȻǷ٣ǷԪӱжϣ
̾Ҫˣ˶ʿû˳Ȼ͵ɢͬ죬ֱӾͰ˶ʿӰ͵ؾקڡ
ҽд̶ӡ֮ڻصҧͷ𶯣
鶯ɫûƽķҪǿƿһڵĵɼ𺦣ĻǴ˽ƣҲòʧ
ϷòĶҲõǿд򿪣ˣ鶯кһһΣҪǰ
ʱͻȻȵʿȭˣǿдǰ³һɣ޷ȫƿƿһ㣬˵ǿдʱҲڵһЩ
鶯תʿһۣһ˵ͷҪ
ʿЦͷӣһãǺ
ɫ糣ȴµĽƣ˲£ԽԽࡣ
ʿٽ˰ָ̧Ƽ㣬Ŀи֮ɫ˸Ƭ̺͵ǰһָȥֲֳӰ˲Ϣ˺֮ϡ
ǺںһصУԳһֱ۴޵ĺӣӺûпһûаͣ٣ڵ㡣
һҲ֪ʿ㵽ʲôλãǾĺ͵һȻ֮ǰȻɢһա
һĻʱ鶯˫һ
˫ۣʿȷЩֶΣڽϣԶԶسǰ漸ˡ
ʿͷڳˮɫȴ侲쳣һ֮£ͬһ㣬תδͣвϵӡڣأеԽԽң͸֮⡣
˫ͫһڳһ˿Цʿغƽ⣬ʵϣȻ˴˵ֶ뺬塣
ʱʿͻȻͺһ˲Ϣͣ˫ͬʱźݺݵذȥ
ңչ֮ƿһ룡
鶯ȻʿΣû˿ԥһȥ̧бһ˿˿֮ڷķɳɲǾ֣ǺȻȥ
һɵӡȻǺ¡¡ľԼٶƿֱʿ˫֣ͬʱǺ֮ϣ
һڷĻصǺΧȻɻɢʹɢС룡
鶯ϲɫһ˲䣬ȴǺ죬һɿȻһŴֱӾͰɫ˲ϢҰ׵ʿһɡ
ĲҽлصһɲǣǺ鶯˵ӡȴǴڲͻȻͱһɻصĳ
֮Ļصһ㣬ʹӡչ˾ҵ𶯣һ˲䣬ǻ֮Ȼγһϯصķ籩ɢ
籩ԶԶȥȫɺɣ˿ɢٶ̫죬ʹӡأ˱
֮ϵмʿ㲻Ǻ籩壬ʱͲҽԪ񱬿
鶯ɫ䣬籩̺ĿҲоһľ˿̺ԥӼˣǧɵĹ̨һ˦ȴǻһѸٳʣ
˿ʿȫ֮˵ص˲䣬ĺм˵ˣ̱籩к
˺֮죬鶯˶Ҫһ˿ʿɵͬʱ˺ܾõĽȻ壬ֱ·ȥûаͣ٣ֱա
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һм˲Ϣת֮£ʮ˱ͻȻĺ籩ӳߣʮһˣ
ͬһŤѷȥʧȥ˲䣬ȫûκη϶ڡ
֮ڷУأǹ񱳲ƽ̨֮ϣգΪ˰ɫЩŤѷ죬ʧĸɸɾ׵ıӡһнڡ
ڵҲɢˣһƬž
ʱȥֱʱڣ߳һˣˣ˿ȥʿ
¶ɭ΢Цие֮ɫ
鶯Σеı˭Ҳ޷ᣡʩСƣ˶ϳ£ڵĵ飬ĳһУ
ЦУʿ֮ɫŨת¶̰촽̧һ֮Уʱͳ˾ö
Ż½˵޷ȫƿȴֹֽͣжʮϢ
ʿǰһӣ̾öʱɢĹ⣬˴гһԲȦֱȻ棬ķǾҵĴȴڶݵ䶯֮󣬶ʱͱϵĹһ֮£ֹͣһж
ʿǰһȥֱӾ̤ɵԲȦڣ˫ǰ͵һ˺ȴ̾ͽǱֹͣһе˺һѷ죬̰֮ɫŨǰһ̽Ҫѷڡ
ʱͻȻҽžȻ
ܣнƣѾнͣʿ͵غˣ沿ѪģȫǼٵĸãתۼ䣬ɣͺһȫó˸ʬ
ʱ仺ţת֮£ʮϢȥǺϵľö򣬹âҲٵɢ˻ļճ׵ĻԾ
һת˲ǸʬͻȻ˫ۣӼٱ仯ٴγ֮ǰʿӡ
ûǱĿһǺ


1447 ˭ǻȸ
Ǻʿ¶΢ЦԽƻ̫ǳҲı֮ơ
Ϊ˵ֻ˵˥һΪԼļıֲһУʵҲȷˣܶʱƻԸ֮УΪʤߡ
һΣ鶯֮ȴǸΪСġ
һģʶֹͣתǰĴŴ򿪣ԼټһͬһŹ
һĳ֣ڵɲǣʿͻչԷڡ
Ҵ˶ԼļΪţѧһͨԼһԪҲ޷١
ڼŪĸӣΪ棡
˿ʿȻ׷ģǺǰһӣʱ䶯ˣ¶Ǿö򣬴ϵ£̾Ȼѣڻɢٴֹͣ
ö򣬺Ȼɱ֮ֹͣתûκι
¶Ϊ֮ɫʿһ̤뵽öγɵһŻ֮С
ȫ棬һǰ£ʹǰ̵ر˺
ʱͲ㱻𣬽ֱʿ¶˷ܣ̧ٴһ㣬ָµɲǣͻȻʶһ¶һЦݡ
Цݳֵ˲䣬ʿɫȻ䣬͵غˣĨȥ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ϣǹЦȴʼմڣĿп־壬γĶԱȣ
ܡܡʿӲĿеĿ־ȻŨ˼ޣϵ΢Цʢ
̧˫֣ԼϲϵؼѹҪЦݼһǹЦȴƾδ࣬ĴڣԽԽŨ
ѪûвһĴֻǣȴûκô
ôʿĺУȴǴĹ΢ЦڴأƲסǹЦ⣬Ц
ֻ˫ۣȴǿ־糱ˮһû
ҪЦҪЦЦУӼˣֻƳɣӺȻһһѪ˫ûκɣӣһ£˴ϡ
ϣʼմǹЦա
ԪҲ¶ͬ΢Ц

žĴϣڹһɫƽĴǽڣһ߳
֮ǰߺһнƣ޷˽⣬ϵĴʦҲѿߣͨĴе֣ڽϵǷҲ޷⡣
ӵĽƣȷƽ⣬ƽĽһȴǹתûƽƣΪ˼֮
ոǽ鶯һ׵ƣıͼɱϴ˵ˡ
Ϊ˻ɣգ֪ԺַڣĲҽУ˶ΪѾˡ
ɹĽ˵ɱ˴룬ȫ˳ȥǺɢУʹӡ֮ʵһнѷ죬ȫ߽⣬޷ͨѷʹô˵أֻʣһˣ
ⷬƣݵΪ˽ܣ
ǰϹŹ֮Цʬ壬̧ʬһģһ£ʬɻɢ
㻹թҲû˸ĿܣͿ˴˵ĶߣԽƾͼƣһ綨λһ㴫͵Ľ
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ʿɱûпڣ˹Ż½⣬
֮ǰʿһĻȻֶֻΣЧ
ĿʿʬջأǰһȥǺ⣬򵥵ĽƣȻ˶֮Ĳпᣬһᡣ
ֹͣ˺תöֻڣվ֮ǰʿ֮Ŀһ֮ɫٽ
Ȼ̧֮ǰһ㣬΢֮ǰԭֹͣ˿ȴתΪһɫ
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ƽ⣬صѰһҵҰͿƿֻڲ˽ʿ˵ûа취
Ŀת۲Ƭ̺Ѹת֮£һƳУֺǽİƣذǺɫ
ȻصͻȻһ٣ֵĽգǺԽԽ˫Ŀһûκԥֱڣһץźߣ͵һק
Ǻߺһֳ׳һŤɢУţǺɫƷˮѩУƬƬʧ¶һͨͨܳڵǧƽ̨ӣ
Сֵͨ˲䣬͵һת˲ͻָ糣ɫ¶ߣһɿϲһٵѹƺûκͣ٣Ҫͨڡ
վסҪɲǣһͻȻͳ֮ڡ
һ벶ȸں󣡡ص⣬һģӰ֣֮󣬺Ȼǰֻ鶯ˣǧɵƽ̨֮
˿̵沿ϲޱûзǺޱӣУм֮ɫ
һתɫΪѿ鶯ˣЦĿпֻš
ˡֱȭӲ¶ۼҪһС
Ų£Ϸɱ㣡鶯ɭڡ
©ģһ٣ϿɬŨеĻңǿѹ¡
Ϸ֪ҰģСΪϷ򣬿ЦϷ˵ýƣ˼ȻóΪϷ򿪣ǲϷ򴵻֮鶯Цֵϸ΢ٶƶ˵һԺţ
Ȼĵ飬ûоѻĻǼ룬鶯˿ǶȻᷭˣӲԼģʶʱһ顣
ɫ԰ףԥƬ̺Ͱ̾һͷ߳߳˲䣬鶯һӣа֮ϣһһΣַڡ
һۣ鶯˶ԼֶμΪţǰһȥֱ̤ڣһ֮¿ƾҪͨȴ˲䣬Ųһ٣͵ػͷ֣˫Ŀ硣
ɫʼմſɬûκα仯鶯ĿɨΪͻȻȴûпߡ
ϷıˣȽȥ
һ㶣ϲɫûӿ־ͱѹƣǣһ˿ɫ鶯˳ЦУ֣תԥ̤ͨڣ
Ӱ磬ֱӾͽ뵽ͨжΣʱһĲҽȴȻ𣡣
нƣ
͵̧ͷ˫ɱһ


1448 òҪ
ٿ磬ǲҽ֮𣬿Ʊ˲䣬һӣѪ֣Ѫڼ˸ǰһն֮£һ죬Ȼ
һ֮ǰͿͨڻ⣬鶯룬Ҳа취ⰵԷͬˣ
Уͨڣ鶯Ѫɫ԰Ӽˣ˫Ŀ˸Ѫֱ鶯ˡ
ص鶯˴һӣȴûϵѪ޼᲻ݣֱӴұڴ͸ƺ֮£鶯Ӳɵһ٣
ָû˿ԥ֪ԷǰֻǿߣԼаҪɱͱϣ
ڻӳѪͬʱĿһغУͼֱӻûŵ֮׻⣬Ȼֱӳڣһٵ鶯˺ȥ
Դ鶯Ǳشֲ֮±Ѫˣȴͼ裬¶𺳡
ͼٶ̫죬˾̫ת۾У鶯ɫ԰˫Ȼһӣȴȫ֮Ȼһ޴ĵ񣬺ǰ
֮ͼǵϣص죬ǵͨڣ˫ۻؿڣͼǿ񱩵֮й£ʹ񷢳ҵ֮ȴǳϸܵѷ죡
Ȼ䣬ȻͼǵصĿ鶯ѪɫһҪ
󣬸ŭȴڱӡ֮ڼٶһ֮£ͨڣһͷĳ֮ޣ
ȻƷ飡鶯𺳣˿ȴ룬ڣǰ֣ǿ񱩵Ʒ飬ûʱȥǵ飬ƷҪǣڵĽѣʱ޷߳һƳ׿ΪΣգ
ͨڣ֮ƣһĽƴϣԪڣʹˣ
ԭƱѹסֵѪȴǽɶԴǳ׵ıѹƣʹǽԪںȻ
Σ鶯ȻûôҲû뵽ԼȻһСУҡ
Ͼǰֻ̤İܴ֮˿գȻϵķǵ飬ֱֶ¶ɱȴǶֺ֮ǣ
ΪܽϷסɣҳȥ󣬶񣡣ͺ鶯޷ݵٶȳͨۿҪ߳
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ͬʱɽͼǻŵĴ󺣣̾ͷйγһĻޱ޼ʰɿ񱩺ˣֱɫ籩ȥ
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ۻȼգĿ˸˿̾ü֮Уںϣת۾ͻһȼյ磬֮£һֱǰͺɽȥ
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ػ֮һл汾ԴҾۣ
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׻ǣȻͺɽת˲չ˷ײ䣬ޱ޼ʵҪ˺أһɾ޴ĳ֮
ͺɽȻ鶯¶޷֮ɫӣǳ֮赲ûкˣסɫ̧һָڵ鶯ˡ
𣬷٣
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ȴ价ؿڵ˫֣Ȼɿһɻ֮˫ɿ˲䣬ɨأֱ֣
֮һɼΪǿҵΣĹоҪһ㣬֮ʣû˿ԥȻ̧Ϲ񻤱Ѹٻû
֮ӣ
ɲǼ䣬ӰûǰӴ˺۵ԱΪ赲һй˫ֱס֣ǻڻ
ȻУԵĻ֮ͳùıǹ˿δĵֿ֮ɲǣӴ͵һתȭһž޴ʯһٻһ㣬תһȭȥ
ܵڶοһĻǹķůֵ𺳣ȴʼɣ
һȭ٣ֱӾǾ޴ĵϣҵһ𣬺һķѣʹ˱
һɴűĵƬŹһȭĲ֮˵Ȼ̤鶯ϡ
֮صУ鶯ѪӾı´صڣ
Ӱɢ֪ԷȻ˵һĳ̶ȣǲٵȴһӣ֮ǰʿµö򣬶ʱĹһȴǱץţ͵һק
˸ֹͣתĺһɲǳ׻ָ䶯УͰ֮ǰȱڼٵϣ
鶯ŭһҪٴγƷ飬Ȼٽ
к̧ڰӱɣȻڷҪ鶯ϸһָ



1449 Ĺ̨֮
һָؼ֮ҲǰʩչʶҪһξͳɣҪɣˣſɳΪ䲻ɱﵣ
һһǧ꣬ÿÿ֣ɻЧ
˿ʩչ鶯˱ˣ֮ʣȻһ𣬺һ˿ȱڳû鶯С
СĴۣȡʤһɱеԭ֮ǰ鶯ûе̶ȣ˵Ŀܡ
Ҳ
ʶҪƴҪöԷ˵޺ؽʱ̣ȡʩչԷһش
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˫˲Ϣʹںϣں֮ŭ𲻶ϣ֮󣬲ŽƽϢ
Ҳ£ǵܱƷӡȻǼΪǿ֮˵鶯ȥƴҲкô֮£Ŀһһжļ֮ڣ鶯ûˣǵ黹Ƕ֣ս֮ˡ
£ȴǺֵܷļ㡣
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Ŀ˸¯Ϊ巨ǿķ֮⣬Ҫ֮һ֣
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ЩûмֱԶǷӡһƬϢҶһӣҶӷ
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Ͼڹ֮һ壬˸ա
ҶԼĹϢְƬҶص𣬴˱˵üЩʱ򣬿붨ȣ
ĿһɨֿڰǧɴСİɫĹ̨һΣ̤Ļ̨ϡ
֮ǰ鶯˵Ĺ̨ؾǴˡֻǲ֪Ĺ̨ʲôáüͷһ壬ϸĲ鿴
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ʱһĻûڶߣ£ƽ̨ȴȫ
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֮ǰĺ籩ҲûаЩĻڼ鶯ʿļҲûڳʱȥա
ĿоһΣ̧ɨʱЩƯʮģֱ̾ϸ鿴һֱЩĻƽ̨
һһƽ̨ϣѸپںΪһ壬ڵʮһƽ̨ȴǺȻһ𣬾Ķ
ظ˲Ϣ䣬ƽ̨ڣֵĿ£ƽ̨ȻһȦͬʱԵĳƿޣ޾֮سӡ֮أϵƽ̨ڡ
ƽ̨ԽԽǧɡǧɡǧ˰ɡֱǧ֮󣬲Ȼֹͣ𶯣ϵɫǰ죬ǳΪɫ
ƯڰգһۿȥͬһС½Ϊˣ
ɫһ䣬͵صͷĶƽ̨𾪵ģƽ̨ͻȻ󣬶ڳΪǧɵһɲǣһɺʶϢʯ̨˳˫ţֱӾͽڣһĻĻ棡
Щּ伫ںϣͲκηӦĻᣬͳΪһ֡
˫ֵۣǰ̾չֳһɷͼ֮ͼֻܴϾ󲿷ֶ֣ΨطɢطһռͼɷΧ
ϸĿȥ֮ǵͼϣҵԼ˿ڵλã֮Ϊأ
ķأһĵͼϣ
ͼϣĿһ·ߣһ֮Ĺ·ߡ
𶯣ֲ˫ۣ˫Ŀ˲䣬һ£ǰķӡ֮أ˿Ȼϸܵѷ죬Щѷͬ˿һ£źϣǹ졣
Ŀһǰһȥ뿪Ĺ̨뿪ɲǣԭܿЩѷ죬ȻʧӰֵĨȥ
˻صĹ̨ЩѷٴγֵС
Ĺ̨졭ֳĬƬ̣벻ԭ򡣵ȴ֮ĹأĹ̨һеĹؼ
ӦǴﵽסܸһЩǵͼȫչĹ̨ͨ֡¶˼Ƭ̺Ŀ·¯ϡ
¯׻𽻼ӣйϢչϵȻǧ˰˰ɣڻļȥ
Цһȥ¯ϥ˫Унƴ͸¯ֱӡϡ
ӵеĽƣǹŻ⣬ȫó˿̱任֮£ǽƲϵرղɢʱ󣬱ֻʣ˰ɴС
һ¶·ǹŵǧƽ̨
һӣǵʿö̾͸¯ֱӡ˰ϣͻȻһ٣ֹͣ䶯
Ŀһ͵վ˫ְ¯ϣ֮ӿ¯֣֮ǻûγֻɻɵĴֱ֣ӳڣݺݵһ˺
һǰžͱֻ˺¶ݣ
ûϸȥǱ˺ڣʱһȴƷ飬ŭƿԲһ㣬ֱ¯ڵķ
ĵײ¯ϣء˺ۣɸήҲȻ鶯˵ĽսǼ
˫Ŀڵ׹⣬ȴûа٣˿̺Уϵصͺ
һʬѪģ鶯ˣ¯֮鶯ڣΣһۿ˲ûԪڣװ֮Уٵˡ
̧һָ¯ڶʱлǣǵ鲻֪ȥΨʣ鶯
װҲûɱ㣬һȥ鶯ҸҪһūУüǵת֮ӿ¯ڣչ˲пū


1450 ū
鶯͵˫ۣɫһĨϥĿɭǰƿԴ͸¯ֻ֡˿̵ͬ;ƿһɫ԰ס
ϷǱ㶨㣬˭ɳƵ鶯д͸һĺ⡣
ɫƽشԷǹ֮ĳ룬¯֮ת¯
ҪϷ򣬾ܣϷ򾡹мƱ㰵㣬޵ļᶨģ֮ܽ鶯Цֲ˵˫Ŀһգʼˡ
϶˶Էʱ޷ԼֻΪлָҪƿŹֵ¯ӣһٳ
ܣֵΪȷ㣬¯ҲķѴʱ䣬гɹĿܣȻĹڣûʱ䡣
ôг֮ɫһӴ˹֮룬ʹ¯һԽԽ࣬γһǵķ籩ƴ鶯ˣǻǷ籩ХȻһ޴ӰӰһ
ӼΪ죬ͨ죬һѾ޴ĸͷһû͵̧ͷ·鶯նȥ
¯ʮū˫һ֮дһõӡǣȻ¯ϡ
¯ں侪죬ûĳָͷѸ͵£ֱӾʹ͸˷籩ֱ鶯ȥ
ϷҪ鶯ɫһ䣬˫ĿȻ̧ͷĶǸͷͺУ˫󣬾һ޴ĵûǵ֮ǰٻħ
Ȼ䣬ͷ£ȴǵɢĹײһ죬Ǹͷɢһ֮Уһ±
鶯ѪѪһ֣ʱٴλ
ɫв԰ףкһ˼̧ǰһָ¯ڣٴγָͷ·նȥڶ
ڶû£󣬺Ȼۣ籩ٴλóһڶͬŸͷֵɲǾ͵̧ºݺݵһն
ûн󣬻Ƿۣ𡢵𡢵𡢵𡢵𡢵ڰһȻû
񣬰˵֮ɲǾͺںһַǻһӰһ㣬ֱ鶯˶ȥ
ֵͺĿ¶ɱ
䣬ҵ¯ڵ޾鶯ǵ񣬶ʱͱһͷ棬֮𶯣ȴûɢͦס
ڶͷѸͽ١
ĵֱڰ˵ͷͬһһ㣬ǵڳܲסһѣͷֱ֮͸鿪ĵֱ鶯
޷ٶն飬û˿ͣٴ͸˵档
¯鶯Ѫ˶ݵã
ֵȵľת˲ŵã鶯ãֵ˲䣬˫¶֮â˫֮͵صüģ૵ε
¯ڣ鶯Ȼһг˸Ũãģ˫ĿһļѸ
ʲҿ鶯޵ɾͣ컯סҵ֣֣һӰģ꣬Źǰ꣬ڡ
ǣ¶ᶨдŨŨĸм
㾡ܲ鶯ˣ壬ʸǾѣˣϷӡڳ㣬㡭Ϊ֮һźµߣɫ԰ףؿѪģȻ֮¾Ԫ񶼱֮ʡ
ǰһӣӣ鶯
Ϊʦ֪ǡ֣
֡һ㶣֣İ
̫ǳǿգһӶݣɫ԰ףѪϵ׷
Īǽ鶯Ҫﲻɣ¶
׷ˣ˿̺ȻٽͨɶۿҪٽߣЦȻҪԱɱˡ
ʱǿһƬ֮⣬һֻõĴȻûһӣѪȻˡ
ߣ֣
߽ٺֵһɲǣȴɫ¶˿־ã
ǡ֡
֪ȥ˶£鶯ڣһ׷ȫ࣬ǸõζԶԶشȻ˽֮ʱ
˵˥˥鶯һ޵ĪҪֹ߲ЦһںѪ˫ۡ
˫Ŀϵɲǣƽ뵽һڣһƬģһУΨǰһӰĿ
Ϊ֮ūɵ촫
˭˫Ŀһ
֣ӰתĿ磬ߣӺȻ֣
ɫȻһ䣬ԭĶˣ֣ȴǼһ鶯壬ʦӡ˵䱾֡
һֱεΣһԳ֮˽£һеһУΪһλã
ͬ⣬Ӵ֮㲻鶯ūӣ
仰˲䣬ģغȻƬ˺鶯ȫļ䣬ʹ¯ڣӾҵĲ£ѹ
ֻǣܴ˿ѣãڡ
ѵһ˲䣬¯ڣǻûİӰ໥صȻںһ𣬳Ϊ˵ھ
ͷ·鶯նȥ˵ʮ
Х죬ת˲оٽ鶯岻ɣ鶯ãȻ̧ͷ˸ʶľҪ
ʱһ¯ڻص
鶯ǹūӡ
鶯ȫȻһ¶޾Ȼͺ𣺡㵽˭
֣¯⣬ɫƣڡ
¯У鶯¡¡˴߻صֶ֣
âһǵʮȻ鶯ͷüģһԲεӡǡ˫ûκɣ£һɻǷ籩У֪ȥ
¯⣬ƣ֮ɫŨȴϲɫ¯ε֮ɹĽ鶯֮ģԼӡ
ֻ»һʱټĽƷſöԷΪá
ϧ˲ٱ׶ˡʱޣҲֻһˡĿһ˦У¯ڷһ㣬˻ǣǺܿɢ¶һڣֵӡĵ飡
ĵ飬ڲϵصͺȫ˻棬ڵƣһּΪֲٶȣѸ͵Ȭ
ӣò̫ãͻ᳹׵Ļָ
ʲôֲ֪ǰ֮Ҳһο˿̲Ȼ˾˵ٶȣֲ˫Ŀһ
ҵҪʲô˫ǰһӣȻ䣬¯ǵǰȻһ޴ʯţ
ʯţǷɽָ֮Ųɣ֮ͨţ
¡ת
һչʱУֵĿ͸Ǿ޴ʯţǵ飬Ʊȥһصɴ
Ƭ֮ͻȻɫ䣬͵վʶ˺󼸲
⡭ǡܡ


1451 𰸣
ɫΪأȻ𺳲ſһĻ޷ţȥţ
УȻֲһеǼ٣
ǧֲֹһεĻǶȥ׷Ѱʲô
ûд𰸣
һеһУһ飬޷ڳΨһ֪ģˡ
ɫв԰ףӵĿ⴩͸¯ôźĵϡ
ٵĻָ֮УƲֵĿעӣ̧ͷͺ˫׹˸͸ɫ
ֳĬǰƸַ֮£һĻĻ
ڵ¼ΪͨȻ޷ȫƼһȻףԭֻǴƶҳйĶߡ
ͨһɲǣȴǳı仯
˵ǹ֮ĹصԭֻһΪ򵥣ֻ֣ʶֱ仯ʹǵת£ת˲ͳֵļޡ
ֱ仯ĳ֣һ𣬵ȴΪ侲ûֹͨǵϷת
ģת˲֪ʱֿ֮˵һĻȫâɣΪĿâǴۣ˺ѿâڵĴڡ
â£ǵʧˡɹâ˵һУֵΪ˫Ŀһ£Ŀ˹â֮
һУ֮ǰɫһα仯ԭ
Ŀǹâڣһͷ­СĽɫҩٵתâǴⵤҩɢ
ʲô飬һŵҩ
νĵ飬Ȼǵҩ֮飡
ˣҲֻɫһˣʧ̬һ͵վӣԭǽĵڶĻ
棬籼ĺһȥת˲УǵҩȻ仯һƬŤƬ̺Ťһб¶һƬ֪ںʱǿգ
ǿգǽ⣬ǽڣƴ֮У͸Ųɣƺǽڽȣͬһ㡣
İǿڣǣһۿȥ޷ͷĿоſȼյſ죬֮±Ŀ֮⣬ҫ˷̫ͬ
ߣǣ̫
ããУͻȻһ죬һ߲ʵ۵ģӰƬǿУ̧֣ʳָϣһŴɫָ
һУſ̫еһʱǿյĺı˴ڵĹ켣ֱ߲ʵ֮˶
޾ľ룬ƺ˲Ϣƿ˾ʹǿն߲ʵ֮˿ɫٴһӣ֮£İ˿ȼյ̫ͬʱı켣١
߲ʵ֮˵ǰſ̫һչ޷ݵľ죬ƺǿգҪһ㡣
Ҳ֪˶ãǾſ̫ײ£ںϣ˴ڲϵرУԽԽСվһ
߲ʵ֮³һ߲֮ǰ͵һ֮Уһͷ­СĽɫҩȻ֣
棬оҵĻȼգâƿ쵽ǿ֮
ɫҩֵһĻǵû֮
ҲǿһĻֲŻʧ̬һ͵վӣ¶֮ɫ𺳵ģⵤҩȻԾŸ̫֮⣬߲ʵ֮˵ݣ
ˣܿӣֻģϳִ̰õĵ֮ˣֻϵʳָûָ
ǵ񱾾̰ǵĹͨٴο𺳣ʧ̬ȴȻʶ˺
ɫ䣬ΪͻȻľȣΪ𺳣;Ȼͬʶ˺ֻһͣԴ޷Ŀ־벻뵽ľ춯֮£
־޷ŵģ߲ʵ֮ˣ̧סҩ˵һ仰
Եȷһ¡һķӡⱻٳɳ
һ仰
䣬֮޷תȥȻ߽⣬޷־У˺
ƺ˺ͻᱻһ仰Ϣ˺壬ǹһ仰ľ֮УҪ޷ܣ



ĸֶ߷Ļصȡһ֮ɫ԰ף֮ѹ𶯣ĺһ
ʲô龹ιʳ֮߲ʵ֮ˣ˭Զɻô¶ãȻ
֪Խ࣬ƺԽŨҵģܣȴʼ޷ȫվеãԽԽࡣ
֮ѪӵһУΪ˵õɽ֮Ѫʥ֮Ѫ
Ѫ鵤ҩʲô̧ͷգĬ
һһŵҩֻߣһޡɫӣʱڤޡ
ӴޱȣǬһ磡
վɫ񽥽ָǹ²⣬ĵס˿¯ڣƷȻָ˴룬Խӳɣͺ֮Ƿ׹
Ȼû̫أ
ҩ֮飬ɾſ̫µķӡȻ˴֮
ȽûȥǱȫĳˣ
Ŀһ촽˿Ȼָǵҩ˫ǰһӣȻ䣬¯ҵ𶯣ڻϣлǷ籩ɨ˵ˣչ
ָǰһȥ¯ڣԳ֣
ӡ֮زϵػصʱţת죡
һգ¯ͻȻһһҩܣûбһѪɫС
ڣӰһζڰһ˦¯ɢĹ뵽üǵڣʧ
ֵǰ䷭ּһͷ­Ĵ󵤣ԶԶȥⵤҩɣƯǰͬһȼյ̫
ŵҩֿԸܵһɹɰָ֮оԼǿ´˵ǹҲ̱ű
ŵҩǰûȥ̣ŵҩݺݵһʱһɻ˿һӵҩƮֱֱǼȥڡ
Ȼ֮Ŀ汩ڻ֮תһ֮£Ȼʹû汾Դһ˿
ĿͼУҲлգžž֮ҪͼһЩʻʹͼԲһ㣡
֮󣬱ǻ汾ԴĴɵһȼ׻Դͽ״ɣ鶯ʲô鶯ãҲȥգ
ٴ˼ڣڻ֮䣬һɼΪĸоȫһ񣡵ͷУϵһѪӡ
ܵôޣѪӶй˺֮ǰıжû߽⣬
ֲ˼һӣѷȻһ˻ѷڴͻȻ䣬޾ޣȻ


1452 ϶
ʮ޺ХأͷߣֵΪҳϣֶ˵ͬһĸо
˿̷ɳǾ޴Ŀ̾Ħоܻ棬ȫܿȥΪɫеһĨϲȴֻһ˶¶
¶΢ЦϵһȻ̺һָ·Ѫӡ
˻ʱһֻ޸ֱ·ȥһѪԿ͵һʱӲڸ֮ת֮£Ȼʹһ
ðһƬѪ⣬ƺȻ͵̧ͷһ˻ʱ˵ʮͬʱ˻£ֱȥ
ԶԶһѹѹһƬȫޣ
Ǻ֮Ѫֹ۲мĺôԴٽȫյĻʮ޵սǿ٣
ۿһֻֻѪӵֱ㲻ȥᣬǿǹ񡢹ħʬ
֮壬ʬȻףֻʣǣڲȻȫ
ܷûгĹħ塭ҹħɹ£ַǹħϣԪת֮
ʱ󣬵ɿݣβʣһУȫѹߣǹ񱳲ŵǧƽ̨Ҳǿа봢ռڡ
ص鶯˵ɫʯƽ̨ϣִһ˦ʮһ޻ܣ֮¿Ϊˡ
Ŀ͸ܵޣ·֮壬ʼձŲĶĹ
ĬƬ̣ûѡߣת̤Ĺֱ̨նȥһѷУֱ˺ȥ
߳˷ӡ֮أչǰģһƬƬŨŨ˻Уڴ󣬾ķ
ֳƬ̣иһĵͼѰҵͨĹ·ߺĿһĹ̨Լٶȣֱǰȥ
һ·УĲҽ֮ʱصڣޣ޵ɢУȴûٽ֣̱Ⱥ޳˺ѡ
Ѫ֮ζܣɫƽǰС
;УֻһȺԼʮ˵ʿ飬ʮ˵ƽ̨һΪ⣬ȫǧɡ
Щ˵ƽ̨ۣͬɫΪСģ˴ȺްΧս
Ѫս֮ʱԶһֻ޴޴ڳɨһ۱ްΧˡ
ĳ֣̾ʮ˵ĸ߶ע⣡
ʲôޣ
µ޳֣
֮Ȼʮʿһ¶𾪣ֹͣģһֻȻ޺Хڳ
ԽԽ࣬ת֮£
Ǵ޺󷽣һǧɴСľ޴Ļ̨֣Ĺ̨ϣһͷ׷һ£Ŀˡ
Ĺ̨վڶĹ̨ϵߣ˫ͫ͵һ
Ĺ̨һ٣̧ǰһָȻ䣬ܵʮһ˫ۣ˷ܵ˻ֱһ޶ȥչʮʿ𺳵ķɱ
Щ޲ʿ˵ǲƷ˵ˣ
ɨʮֻ޹һͷޣѪɽƾ죬ص֮£ʹʮʿҵɱ˲Ϣͽʮ˽򣬵ȴǷһޣΪǿ
ڶ̶̵ʱͽһȫɱ޲ûɢǴűŰѪɫ˫ۣĶűڲʮʿ
ƺֻһָǾͻȻ
ޣѶĹ̨ңĿ䣬ǶĹ̨ϵߡ
ɫںĬƬ̺һﲻԾһ˦Աһƽ̨ͬʱԭĶĹ̨õ£ٽ֡
Ŀƽ̨ɨϹзӡһʮ̧һģǶĹ̨ȻһзıֱֶĹ̨ϡ
ʧȥ˷ĵĹ̨£Сһɢܡ
ֵĹ̨ϣĵȻ˾Űٶϵɫɺһ㣬ĿģģĽ׽ļ
600ΪףĽײ֪Ҫ١ӦÿˡЩʿĹ̨£ǰ۶ȥٶȸ죡
ΧʿޣǺХߴصߣУԶȥ
ʮʿһɫȥķ
ܹЩŹֵ࣬ҵȫ˵Գһʿвʣ
Ĺ̨ΪˣЩǳˣҲˣòʧ֮ǰӵжĹ̨ߣҡҡͷ
ʿüͷһ壬Ҫ˵ʱͻȻʾ
ֻû뿪̫ԶȻһ͵תԶȺʿͫ͵һܵޣһȻˣ˻͸֮⡣
Ⱥʿ£ķһк֮ҵĻص𣬽ţһֻɴϸľ޴ֱۣȻʹڳ
ͺһ޾֮ľˣ˿ִ͸ָɽȻʹ·ʮʿЩɫ䣬֮Уֱ۾ͺٽſָݺݵһץȥ
һʮµƽ̨Ȼʯɢ£ˣǾ޴ץС
ɴϸֱۼ½䶯Уڣʧ
һУɲǼ䷢ֱ󣬽˲Ϣ
֮ƽϢһжָ糣
Ŀãû˿ţת˲ǰʮʿڡ
ֳĬкһǾ޴ֱۣ𶯣ֱڣһƹϢڣֵֻ̫ͻȻ˲ɢ޷ȥϸϢ
ȴǿֱһץ֮޷ֿ
֮Ĺءк⽥ɢͷһ·޾ĹأԽԽŨ
ջĿ⣬иΪԺе·ߣǰ۶ȥ
ͼûǰһӡ֮أȻ˴򿪣ڷӡģͬһƷ顭ҵͱʾûǰȥͿȥĹ
ǷŮӣӡǣܸܵλãҲǰŮдãҪҳβءܼĿ˸ٶȸ졣
ǰԶ֮ȷϣһӡ֮أ˿ӡ֮ڣɱ죡ɭУŰӰɱ֮ص
·нʿͬչɱǷŮӣɷ˽ʮ
Ϸ飬Ϸɱ㱾ս
϶ǷֻˣǷˣ㲻ҵĶ֣ɱֻ꣬㱾𻹸ȥЦЦ
ԸŹ֣̫ǳڳ߲⣬ûеڶõѣĹڣ˰㣬ʲô뱾飡


1453 Ŀ죡
Ǵ˷ֻߣֻȷ֮ܣԿ
˾Ǵܴ֮˿ܷӵļֻпڣս֮ʱȻǧ춯ء
ɫ⴦ӡ֮رȷ֣ǽҲ˲ʱ⿪ۿҪõڷӡƷľ飬ڽҪֵ˲ϢͻȻ֣͵Ϯ֮ߵ飬չ˶񶷡
Է˵ǷֻˣǿȻͨϤ޷ԷȽϣ֮Ҳ岢Լв㡣
ѰܽսЩأ¶ԷԼ֮һЩ⽫
Ϊ˹°ԸǹŹ֣ȷǺн֮ѣ֮ĹڣǹԮ˿ԣ֮⣬˵
ڶ̶̵ʱڣ໥˰ٴΣǵ󣬸һǧɵĺɫƽ̨Ưγһѹͨײĺ֮ӡ֮ڻص·ɱĽʿһЩѡ
˿̣ӡ֮⣬һɫƽ̨ǰ۶ߣվ棬ޣĿ䣬е·ߣǰС
ܺХؾǰӡ֮أԽԽ
Լʱ˫һĿֱӿǰֻǰԶŤƴһ㡣
Ȼһӡ֮أͼ·ûдһָ򱱣Ϳ뿪ΧĹŤķӡ֮ңĹ̨Ȼһ٣ͣǰ¶˼
ǷŮӾ桭ֻǲ֪ӡ֮ڣǷܴڡһлҪΪá̧ǰһָҲȺڣһֻ˻һɶʶֳһںֱǰŤ
ת֮ٽһƬŤ֮ӾһʧӰ
ӡ֮صУǴ˲ϵؽսһƬ籩ƣڵļңǷ籩ȴǺɨأΪˡ
޴ߵĽһͣһ
ڵʶ˲ϢͿһУ
ʱͻȻһڹǾصķ籩һת˲ֱޣɲǾһ죬ֵһ˿ʶҲɱ
˵ز̤룬
ӡ֮⣬ɫ΢һԣܿͻָ¶⡣
𡭡佻սˣȫӿȶͬһܡʱ̫ûп壬֪˭Ŀ˸ǿǷӡ֮ص·ʿɱеǷŮӡ
ΪЩŹ֡ſȥ˾īӵ࡭䶷֮ͬˡ¶˼֮ǰսĹŮӵһ̣ͷ˶ԷΪƺ̫࣬ı˲²⡣
˿ֿ𣬼Էͬˣв²
Ĳġüͷ
²ӡ֮ؾ;̤룬ָ̫̫֮޷Կ
Ƭ̺к¶˼ޣֱǰŤ֮
Ҷ϶ΪĹѹƣĻҲʶϣΪ̫±˽
˼ɲǣ˶ȻᣬܷŹǷŮū澣ڱصã
ٶȺȻתۼͳŤڣͬޣ˲ϢʧӰ
ӡ֮ڣ죬ʱͻȻճ˾ҵĺ֮ƬŤ˸һֻֻޣɲǾͻû
Щ޵ĳ֣̾·ɱʿע⡣
޵̫࣬תۼ䣬ȫڣѹѹһƬĿģ
ǴƬ޺ŤΪ٣һǧɵɫĹ̨Ȼ֣վĹ̨ϣ׷ƮĿ棡
ֵͻȻ֣ʱ˴˵ص𶯣ǷŮ̧ͷֵɲǣɫȻͲ԰ת˲ͻɱ
Ĺ̨Īд٣
İĸڻ꣡
ЩδĪҲǹĹ֮ޣ·ʿһĶճֵǺѹѹޡ
û˿ԥްͣ٣ֵ˲䣬һָʱֱ·ʿȥ
ָǿǱ籩սˣһ֮ӴĹ̨һٶȣֱɫķŮ
˾ңŮӼˣȻǸʮʿһͨŮ˺
Ů˫üģüķӡ˸̧һָ֣нˣһꡭ
ٶ̫죬ɲǾٽ·ǰһʿɱһֲܣǰһ壬ֹ֮ơ
ɫƽٽʿ˲䣬̧һָӶʱ䣬ǻɱһƬڷȼ
ĲҽУʿȻˣȴǸΪʢʹӣ˻
û˿ͣ٣ǰȥٶ̫죬۲ɲǰ߰˸ʿԭ֮ǰһĻ𣬲ɵýŲһ£¶֡
ɫ糣ǰǰһӣ߰ʿȫ𺣣һٵ˺ٲֹ
ٻͨӡǷŮɫҰף˺ȻߵŨŨľ֣ļ
ִӳӡ֮أһֱڣ˲Ϣ䣬˿ǰУǷŮʮɣ
ڶ֮䣬ȴǲҽ˺߰˸ʿ⣬ʮʿڣЩʿһɫ¶ȻĿѸٽȴǲɵ˺󣬲ȥֹ
磡
һĻԶԶȥΨĸֲſݣ֮ˣʮɵľ룬ת۾ͳΪ˿տ
ʮɡʮɡɣ
СңٽɵɲǣǷ籩ںȻĵͺ𣬻һɣĳЦǷ籩ڴһ㣬ʹǷ籩ں𣬽ţƺһһڹǷ籩ڴ͸ƿգ˲һֱӾͱƽ֣
ڹڣ̺ʮ֮һڹ罣٣
ͬʱǷŮмص
ӡ˱Դ֮
ֿһۣĿ׹飬ʱͼûŵתУĿɫȼգȻŵ֮У׻Դںϣγһȼյͼ
ͼڱʮ֮ڹ֮Ȼһ𣬺ɲǾصƺһ֮һɣ˫ȻǷŮüġ
Ůһ仰û˵꣬Ŀͫױ㱻˫ָӰȡһ£˫ָ˴Ůͷ
ŮǶʱѪ˫ĿƣɲǾͱ֮ȫִһ˦Уֱ봢ռ䡣
ˮɾ䣬ת׷ƮУĿ죡


1454 ֣
ǽʿһ񺳶ŵһ̫죬˸ûзӦʱսȻ
ȺŲߣ˸裬Ůչ֮ģ
ҲͰˣʿ¶ȻģȻ԰շ籩̫֮һһˡȻӲˣ
飬ʿ
ʿ
˲ʿһ޷ɱ
ֹ޷ȥɱ˸ûаƣ
ʩչͨǱԴ˾㲻ܣҲֻһ
˭
ѹѹޣ˿̷ٶ֮ǰһУ̫죡޵Ľ٣ڼ֮ǰֵĳ֣ʹʿһˣֹͣһе˺
еķ籩ںϣֺĿȥɲǣںһֻξץסǷ籩͵һ˺ʹ籩мӰһһҼӷ籩ڸ˺
ҲˣǴˣ˺˫ĿһЦãĺ󱲣֮һǰŮݵݹϣΪ˽ܣ
Ϸ֮ǰ㶾׻˵У¶΢ЦֵĲǶ֡
֮ˣ˿ɫΪڰ֮ʱͷ֣ȻЦ
ܺã
Цݺ䣬һۺ̧ͷˣһӣʱгһԼǧɴСߣ߲ϵ˻
һ֮£߷ĲҽУӶʱãת֮оͱһͷ­СĵҩƯϡ
ҩ֮һڣȫѪҺת˾һ
϶Ĺ㲻ҵĶ֣սȥҲãȣ黹㣡
Ҿʹ˰ݣȥΣ
һǴĿ˸
кһһ仰תǬ
̫κһǸ֮ˣߣһ۾ͿǴֵļ󣬹ʶһ仰̾󻹲ûֵĿܣһ޴ѷ죡
Ҫôǣϵȣʲôɫƽȴ˵ѡ
Ц磬̾ͻԶݣ˫̫󣬿ȷԼжϣ𾡹̫𣬵ֻܷӳ֮
Լ˵ûʤ㣬ԷҪɱҲ輫Ĳۡ
Ҫģһūӣ
˫ۣƬ̺Ц֣һͷ˵ѵϷȥ
û˵ֻŴˡ
Ϸģģõ飬һȥأȻ֪Էڵʲôûԥ̱һķĻû
ģķǵб˴˽ΪŷһԼһӣķ
ӹģһɣ˦еҩ
һ˦ѵҩߣЦƵɨ·һۣתֱԶȥ̤ѷʧһ˲䣬Ȼӵһ·ɳ
ͼûգַɲǣͼ⣬ֱյȥ˫͸飬ʿսз
·ȻһģȻ֮һŮŮ񽣣ֱ֮һɨȥ
â죬ƿնӡ֮أХ֮Уնͼ
˵ʱʱ죬ת֮䣬ŮâͼȻһ𣬾쾪Ůֽһͼɲǣʱͻǧһȥ
˲Ϣ䣬ͼѪӼˣɫήһҪѡӶݡ
һΣҪ׷ʱͻȻһɺڷХȴȻŤһ޴ĺӰŤֱ촦һڵƣɢ޾ȷ綾ֱȥ
ڵƳֵ̫ͻȻҲ޷תۼٽɫȻ䣬Ϸ׷ɱֶ͵ת˫ǰһģͬʱſһɫһӵĶƳǰ
һ죬ӡֱӾ˶ϣ֮£Ƴѷ죬ȴû鿪ȴµֱӾϡ
ѪӼˡ
˵ɲǣȴή֮ɫʱɢ˫ɱһ̧͵ǰһӣȴѪ죬Ѫֱӻûֱۡ
Ҫȫ𣡣Уƽڡ
ԣϷҪһ꣡ɭڻص
Уδ֣˫ʹǰǶƷɳ赲ǰľ޴ƣ¶ŭ϶㲻سŵ
ЦϷǷسŵϷ֮һΣĹڶȻеڶΡΣܴδζЦУڵڣȥĴӰ¶
С󱲣Ϸһһֿѣȥ壬ϷҪˣ˻УһӣȴӴֱָ鿪䵶һĺڼĺХ֮мٳֱ
𼱼ˣ˿ѪѪ֣δϣҲɢãĵˣǰ϶
Ǵ˿ָ̿׷ɳǰʹǶ޾ںƻһƬϺһ㡣
С֣ڳɱ㣡һӣһ֮ͬöһģӰӰԼɣȫɫףһꪣֵ˲䣬Ӱ˫ĿȻһֱѪ֣
𿴵˾īӵһսڴûмȥǰĹΧûȥ˽Ǻ顣
ôС֣ȫĶǰΪһɱɣһ鶯ˣʵĹ
ѪХۣת֮¾ǰӰһ𣬺һѪ֮ؼ伸ûκ֮赲ֱӾʹ͸ꪣǴ͸ǰӰֱȥ
ͻȻıʣɫȻ䣬㣬ǰ䵶ָ׺ٽ
Σ֮ʱͺ˫Ȼһӣ̾͸һƬЩƬȫɫɢâת۾ȫ
һָ׳Ƕϣƾҵֱķѱָ״͸ϡ
ͬʱѪǳڣ
춯ص촫ӡ֮أҵĳ£ӡ֮صձ˺޴ѷ죬Χй
УѪǰѪģѪǴؿڴ͸λصԡ
֮Դˮ֮ԴɫԼˣòϣԼС֣˿˻Х
ֵֻ֪ǿһȻ׼


1455 ɱﵣ
֮Դ𿪿֮ţɾ̫ܺǧ֮ڼżĪ컯ʹˮ֮ԴûԲĴɣɶںϺȴԺɣ⣬̫е
˿ȫֵɫƬѪ£ӼΪԺ֮ʱ˻춯ء
һɱ֣һΣĹͷ
϶ķУҿӦ֮ģһӣ̾ͳ֮ǰġ
ŷģݺݵһ󣬺֮£Ķʱ㾧ɢ
ǽ׷ӡڣɫ̲԰ףһѪɫȴûаήңǰЦϷ޹Ȳ֮ͬ컯ķ޷ϷˣһѪԣ
Ѫͬʱ֮Ĺ̫ǳУһϣ˱ϥͬһѪѪ³ɲǣ飬ɽ֮飬ȫ˲Ϣή˻ɳ棬ǣҲ˲Ϣ޾£Ϊǡ
Ĺӡ֮ڣһӣڷ죬Ǿ޴ӡֱ𣬸ת˲УӡָȻһ䡣
ʳָ򼣬ӼڽŤޱȣ֮˻ͺġ
ָͬʱâһ£ֱһͷǵİɺߣһֻ޴ĺɫ֩룬һֻӴЫӣЫβҡΣƿƿޡ
Ĵָûģһֻӿµܣܱǹİ̺޷Ķ
嶾Ȼȷ˻ֱȥǵм䣬Ǵˣ˫Уһڶⶾδǵ˲Ϣĵ沿ת֮£˷ֻڵ֮òȻ䣡
ƷڵƸһ㣬ɢͬʱ䶯˲ϢӾͳ׵ı䱾֮ݣ
̺ۣ˫봩͸һͷҷ˫Ŀ͸޾⣡
Ϸǰɳӡ˫֮ڣɱ㣬֪ϷΪαҪ֮ڣɣӡǰڴͺȣȴûı֮ڣ˫ͻȻ͸⣬ֱӷɳ
âֱȥͬʱ˵˫΢΢ſ
У˫ǰ裬ƾճ֣ԽԽң̶̵ʱڣȡһ
һƬɫĺûĻ
ˮںϣγ˴󺣣ǱǺ֮Х֮غŴԻأ֮ӡ֮Ȼ
Щʿ˿Ҳ޷֮ܿ£һĲҽУ
ӡ֮أǿ߽⣬ת֮¾ͱ鿪ȻΪһ壡
ַӦ죬ֵͨɲǣʹ˦ȫޣӸǰһȥԣٴγǰл֮ƣ
˿ֱӰ˸ֿͬʱȼͼǺǰǺ亣
磡һУͻȻͳһɴСľ޴ѷ죡
ѷһƬǿգȴûκǣһƬɫĺ󣬺д飬ǣȫ
˿ʩչͨ˫ں͵һ˺һɵѷٴ˺ѣȻʮһѷĴСޱ޼ʣٱķӡ֮ڣʱ
亣֮죬ȴӴѷڣ޾ɫˮ֮ߣڸ֮飬ѷ죬ͬˮһǰѸٽĴˡ
һжǵʯ䷢ת֮УϺ޷ݵĺХ֮£˵嶾һ
Ĵɢӡ֮س׳ΪƬʹ˴˿ڣȫĴڹĹ֮Уܲϵȥ
˵ӰۿҪϺûһ˲䣬ȴ˻𴫳ȴһϺɫĹâӴ˵˫һ
һͷ
һӦеͷɫϺڣɲǾϺһ𣬺ȻصǴƺһϺͷֱϣʹôѪֱӱ
һƷֻûˡ
ͬʱɫˮͻȻɫı䣬ԭɫڱ˹ͷ󣬶ʱī㣬һƬڵ˲䣬ȳ϶ȴ𺣣׳˶
ˮڣ嶾ԭŤڴ˿̣ȴ̻ȳĺڣֱǰ
ת˲֮У޾֮ѪӼˣü֮ϣȻ룡
һ룬γ˴ĺɫɢؿѪģת嶾ӣڡ
ۣ֮涾ȴԷֻʣһƷֻ꣬һսǲʤ
ֻǣһû֣ʲôʣֵĴڣȴǳ˾䣡
ƴٽ֮˫ۺһʱ˾ԽԽ
תۼ䣬֮Ȼ㼸ʮɣ𲻶ϵѪ˿͵תͷ̧һӣȻ֮£ұ۾ȻֿһԱһƬѪ׹ĩγһɿֱֺɨ
ڣ̺ϱɱ˵һ˿Ȼ;ƿݣҪ̻ɱ֣·
֮ǰѪ͵ϮûΪʿɻϣ
Ȼһ٣ǿɲǣ̧͵صüģͻȻ֮䣬üľйǵûǵһǵڣ¯Ƶ
õ¯˲ͻʵһ㣬ֵ˲䣬ɨֱ¯ϣ
¯𶯣ʱΧĲ֣ȴڻһ㣬һ˺ܾúܾõɱɲǾͱһӰֱӴڻ֮ӭڣ
Ӱֵ˲䣬һ޴ĺɫȻӰûħһ㣬˫ֱأ˿һͺǵ˫ͻȻɿһɻ֮䱬ֱй
ʱյļΪȷˣҾ뼫֮ʱͱܲû뵽һ֣ȻȻֶΣ
鶯ɫ䣬¶޷ţոճڣǵϵĻ֮ͺ壬ǻ֮ڣ鶯˵֣İüģ룬һĽͷһ磬ֻǡδȫĽüġ
𷢳ļУȫ̾ͱɫǣڶسױǻ֮£Ƶ
ӵȫѪֱ󷽶ȥͬʱĴ˷ֻ꼱٣Ҫڣǿжᣡ
⣬ֵɱﵣΪԷ׼ģ䲻ǿһ


1455 ֣
Ϊūӵ鶯ˣʱ䲻ʶ޷ڻΨ˲Ϣһ֮ʶְһм㣬ؼʱ򣬷Ż鶯˳֣
ˣΪ̫֮һһѹΪķǿĳ̶Ҳ޷СȱѪ͵ϮдɱոڴǿͨشҪͲܣ
Ҫǣֵ˽⣬ֹڴǣôҲû뵽־Ȼշһֻ̤鶯ˣ
⣬Ĺؼ
鶯ͨʩչһĳ֮ȻѪӵǵҲȻ߽⡣
ָѪۣ˫׳ʱļ֮ڣԪʹ֮£Ѫˡ
ո˳ֱǿֹͣк˸ǰһȥȥᵹ͵һӣ¯Ȼת˲ͳΪɴСֱӾͽǺɫĺڡ
⺣ˮȻȾȳޱȣڵ޾֮꣬ҲһΪ˶꣬޷ټ׳֮
Ƭ˵ǼΪѵõķҪڴ֮ǰߣ¯֮ܰһˮΣôˮεɱԺܣ
ǴˣԴ˵ĺãţ֣ҲֻʹȻ˫кôˡ
޵Ϲ֣˼֮Сܻ֮ģȻҲԻԼ֮Լһ㣬ֺ
ʶ鶯˳ʱֽţʹ𵹾ķԶҲδȫüĵȫ£һԴʱ䣡
˷ֻ꼲۶ȥֱ˲Ϣͻһźϣչ˲̵Ķᣡ
֮ǰȫ룬û̫ĵֿ֮£ȴǲͬڶٴʶɱ
һʱϾ㹻ȥȫ۵ĺû˿ͣ٣˫֮µͺհȫˮͳͳ¯ڣ
¯ڣ磬ֵΪֻܿ磬ּ䣬һ߶һ˷ųĹūӡ
˿̣˷ֻԿĹǱ˺Ӵѷ죬Ҳڶ˵Ķ֮£ٵСҪʧһ㡣
ɢ϶֣Ϊľ
Լòϣū鶯ȴǰֻֻ𣡣㹻𣬹ū鶯᳹׵һΪĵܣ
˫Ŀ¶ǰֱȥǺڣ޾ûб۵ϺˮУ޷֮
ЩѼΪ̫ĸ
ܵڷŵľɱ£ȻƳԶһ֮Ƿӡ֮ͱһʿ
·Ҳڷŵĳ²ϵƶ¶˴ƬĿտʱͻȻ𣡣
ڣȻ񱩣ƾһ·ͻȻд̫죬ֱӾͳ˳
Ϊ˵ģ·һɴϸľ޴ֱۣȻ
ֱ۸һ֣һǿϢֱٶ̫죬ת˲ٽſƣ·һץ
ֱۣǵڶοɫȻ䣬һ޷ֿĴҪ˺ȫ
ֱ֮죬ɲǾѪڵԪ񱻴Ľ˻ǿѹ£ôһ飬ͺƱڣ޷Ѷ
˲Ϣ䣬ӴֱֶſָͬصӣȻֺݺݵ
оѪ޷ӳƵķΧģĵĳҪץס⣬ǾԶѷ죡
ѷ˿ȻǧɣۿҪ׵ɢһʧַѾһֽ˶ʤսҪҷ
ֻڵĹ֮ͨӣ֮ͨǰ겻ã˿޷ٴοÿһΣԻˣֱձ
ۿǾ޴Ƽ٣ûʱȥ룬ҪͷĿ¶ϣȴҧת˲䣬ʹﵽɣչ¶
ͻȻıʹľ޴ڣӲĸ߳˶ٶɣʹǼѷ֮ɵľ룬ֱĨȥ
⣡չ¶ֵͺһӣȴƬϢҶֱӡֻʣ°ɵѷߣʹѷƬ̵ͣ١
һٵɲǣһĹֱѷУںݺݵһץץ֮ꡣ
ͬʱǴֱۣһץֵؿ£ʹϮֱ̺ڣҪ󱬣
ץסֵ˲䣬ֱ͵һȴҪǶɹĴק
һק̫֮ƾûпץ֮ұ۾ҪѷڱקȥӸ³ȥͷ֮ʱұڱקѷ˲䣬һץҲĹϢҶӡıԵȫ֮תУָǿ̧ץѷıԵ
һĻΪˣǴԶԴĿģһɸߵĹ˫ץһѷıԵѷͬƬ㣬ץס
ؿ£һ޴·ҵĳ
⳶֮£ʹ糱ˮϯҪ˺صĴһ˺£ǰѷ쾹Ȼ˺
˺İѷڣ¶޾ɫֲ֮꣬˼˫Ŀ¶ſѷ͵һ
˿̵ܲô࣬ҪԼĿܣһ֮£ѷڵֱֿ֮ж
ֵһ޵׶㣬Щ֮꼱С
һ֮£ѷȫһɣ˿Ҳֱ۵ק³ǧɡ
˫ȴץѷԵʹ⽫Ҫɢѷ޷ɢӲ˫֣ŵǧѷ죡
¯ѷһ¯ֱڴ룬¯һ¯ڱ任һ磬͵ؿ
ɫˮӿ¯ڣ޾֮꣬ͳͳ룡ɲǼ䣬磬ٴɣ
Ϻʹ¯ˣ޷
һж˲䷢ľʹɿ˫ֵͬʱ¯ĹֱüɢƬϢҶҲʱߡ
ӱǾ޴Ƴקֱ·ڣѸٵʧΨǹ˷۶ֱ۳γɵ֮
ʱһȫ˿ƽϢ
ֹʱԶԶһȺʮ˵ʿ飬ƽ̨ļдһûзߡ
֣յͼʾӦһӡ֮زŶԡ
˺ܾãʼնûпĪǵͼ󡭡
ȺԶȥ


1456 ɱ
һֻ޴ֱۺХ䲻ϵ½ٿԽ磬ǺХǰ˷գƵĴ̫Զֱֻ½Ʋֱߣб
ֵؿ£ţʹֻǼָȴûٴֻס
ռԪѹסĴˣ˿ϥڣĿ˸ɫ
ɵڣʯƽ̨Ҳֱɢ˵Ĺ̨Ĺ̨˲ֻϳ˲ѷѣȻƲûҪĹ̨
˫ۺһָ̧צϺƣ̺˾綾Ҫָ޴ڣʱͻȻڡ
ǰ֣
üͷһ壬Ƽ³˺̧ͷ֡
ǰոնᣬδӦЩˡֱֱۣ³˵У֮죬ȴɵӣת֮¼С˲Ϣͻһ㡣
СɲǣȻ£ֱָ£֮
ֱڣĿ¶֮âֿüģڡ
˾ѰʿĻ˿Ʊֵѣϸ΢ֱۣ֮ȷֱ½б¡
ǰǴֱ̼ۣ̾ͻսȭͷʱҶˣǺѵֺֿ˺˼üĵַ£ԱߣڷµĹУ˺ɡ
Ǻ⣡˶ķ沿ŤУ¶䱾ò
޴ֱȭͷڣָ£ûʵʶ˴Ŀ϶ͬһСƬ½㣬ֺϥھԼ֮λãŶԷ棬ԼĹ̨ߣɫ˵԰ף˫ĿȴǾ˸
Ź۲³Ĺ켣и²⣬²Ϊ٣ʱҶͬʱѰ١һҲ²Ϊ棬ֵĳ֣Ҷ˵ǲһ£ֻ˵
У̧𣬿ڵҪҶˣֱӦֱ½
бˣԣֻǡַббһ̶Ⱥ͵ǰһףһѪ

˫ĿһûֹĹ̨һӣԼĹ̨ȡ¶˼֮ɫ˲Ϣɨһۡ

޹أҲֻһ²ˡҡͷ
˽̸Уץǵľ޴ֱбһ̶ȺͻȻһ𣬺ͣһǺХɲɢ˲ϢͱһƬž
ɫأȫͬһűıֱĹֻ²ǷΪ棡
ǴȻֵĲ²ŷ˿ͬɫһƴ
ʱȻһ̶ĺХͻȻȴǾ޴ֱһٺ󣬴·֮һƵУֱ۶ˣ
ͬһʯͷֱбɲǣǰ͵һף޴ֱľХ£ǰһ׶ȥ
޷һ֮ǿ̫죬ʹƿΪһѰУȻйǴĶϡ
ֱۻһΣڻӶ޵˲䣬ɿָ֮£Ķʯһ㣬˺ݺݵŹĹȥ
ֱ۵ĴǿĳֱƶӣԳԽ˵ܵٶȣֱǰ
ٶ̫죬ǹһ֮̾ͻᱻǰΣٶȿ쵽һ̶Ⱥ֮ȴԳΪ¼Ӳ֮壡
ȫ飬Ѫȴת˲ƿ˲ȥ֮ǰԤϣ׼ֱ֣ܳ۽׳˲䣬չ֮ӣȻȫԪת֮£йӰû
ٱ׳֮ʱҽŻݺݵһ̤ŶԷ֮ڼԼ֮һȻľͳ˴ģһ˽С룬ʧڡ
һ̤ʩչһ֤֮⼫ٶȥ̤ƣǷ֮ǻ
˾ˣҲƣҴ˵л޷壬ȥõѡ
ʵǶԷĻ֮ǰ⹥ֱۣҲԸȥԼĲ²˵лвɣԷпͿֱ³Ķߣ֮ǰĶ
Σûʱȥϸȥ
ٶҲǼ죬ֱ׳ǰ㼲ۣ־Ȼ죬һ֮â˸֪ʱӡǵ֣˿
ԸǶı֮ɱĻ⡭ڱ׳ʱô䶾ɱȴ˶ߣߣɫӰʧڡ
ٶȼ죬ǰĹӰܸһδεıۣõĽƷ߽⣬ƶǰеĴֱʱɢ
ٶǰҲ޷˺ֲȥѪͷк˸
֮תȡĹ̨ϥȡĹ̨̧ϺݺһģĹ̨ʱַıִһ£ЩȫӿֶĹ̨ϡ
ŷĵ룬ֵĹ̨ҵ𶯣Ϲâ˸ȻͣǧɼպȻΪǧɴС
ɫȻ׵ĳΪ˺ɫҪΪһ壡
ĽĹ̨
ûͣ٣ٴһץȴнٸƾճ֣ЩǱķӡ֮ʿȴֲ֪ʱߡ
˿óһһĽĹ̨ڣĽĹ̨ٴ𶯣СȻּת֮£ǧɣ
ԶԶȥǧɵĹ̨ӴޱȣǾˣ
Ĺ̨ԭ;Ľ׺ܽټֵĽٷģȴʹĹ̨Ȼﵽף
ϥϣ̾͸ܵһɹɺʶ֮Ĺֱ̨Լй˿̲δ죬۲죬ģдڵĵͼȻٴαƬ
ŵͼһ𣬰Ĺɴƿ˽룡
ҵԼλú˫۲ɵһ
Ȼ
̶̵İʱǾһ֮£ʹֱڿԽ֮ǰͼǴ˵ķͼ˵ŵͼľͷ
Ȼ׵뿪˹ĹΧ뵽ڲ
ǵŵͼϣǰԶһƬҶ״ǳɭֵĴڡɭ֣Ϥ̰ǵõϢҶ֮
ͬģҲ̰ǿŮӾּеĵ
߲ʵ


1457 һ
Ĺ̨Ϊ׵ͬһʱ䣬ڵͼڣŨϡȴǴռвͻᱻ˺ѡ
ڴ˵أһǧɵӴĹ̨Ĺ̨϶ѷһͷЩͷңʵȴһͷ­󷨣
Ѫ£Ĺ̨ģϥһߡ
£һͷڷΪףո˥֮伱ٱ任ü֮ϣһ״ȴӡǣһħħӡ
Ǵ˿ûбᣬˣ˫ͫ裬ˣ̫֮һڵ˶ߵľħ
ϥеľħ˲Ϣ˫Ŀ͵ڶʱкڰ׶ɫâ˸
ħૣɳƣѷɽĦһ㡣
ĸͼڣӿԩ˻пƬڣʿΪķԿһǧɴСĹ̨ǰС
Ĺ̨վһ󺺣ϰ㣬͸һǿ֮ɫ󣬸һ޴Ӱûڵͺ
Ĺ̨ǸɿݵѪǴͬм˿ڡ׷ɱֽĹķܣ
Ĺ̨ļǰУɫأͻȻ˫ĿһĹ̨һжʱ
֮ɫΪ
ֳһĹ̨֪λܡ
ĹϿգƯӡƽ̨Щƽ̨棬谵֮£һǧɴСĹ̨ǰٷȥ
Ĺ̨һŮӣŮ£ڷƮɫĮ
ǰУͻȻüһ壬֮˫Ŀкһ
˭ءŮӳƬ̣Ĺ̨ۡ
֮Ĺڣ⼸λû֮أûֻ޾Хƿ˺һ뷨ı
һͺȴһʮɸߵӰŴ󲽣ǰȥٶȲ죬޾ÿһγһ˿ڣʹӰŭ硣
ӰƯһǧɴСĹ̨Ĺ̨ϥһŮӣŮòΪģ͸һɶ
ɭҪŶСܲܽĹɾȫˡǷŮڿһЦĿ˷飬Ϊģһ㣬ڶУͿɵ
죡̫ˣ룬񡭡
ɭлû˵꣬ŮӵЦصһЦ֮ŮӸӶƻ֦һ㡣
˼ҾϲءҪͣ£˼Ҹͷйŭ𡭡òô
ɭ沿𣬵ͺвŮӣǰȥ
˽ʧԶΨǷŵĽЦþòɢ

ŵͼڣֳƬ̣ҪĹ̨ջأͻȻ֮䣬ԺĹ̨ʶȻһ䣬һƴϹŵкƵ
ĹɿֻţΪ֮һŽΪգΪ壬ֻѰУ壬׳ɾŽߣȡظȥį
صʧһɲǣȻʶĹΪһ壬ĸܵĹڣԼ֮⣬ĵϢ֣
įһڶ֣һһȸļǵãһȸ˵һ仰
֮ޣϷ˽ⲻ࣬Ϸʱ֮ǿԾ춯أįܲδ𣬵Ϊɵ
ֳĬã˫¶⣬
ֵǣȻܷĵϢԼһ׻ϵĹ̨
Ĺ̨Ϊ׺ӦǵĴڣô˿ҲӦҵĳ֡
ĹΪ첻˵ἰĵظǺ
˼Ƭ̺Ŀ˸ѹֲĲͷһµĹ̨Ĵ˿ȻȷĹڣĹ̨ǹؼ
ڵ˼Ҫٶȣڱ֮ǰĹ̨ΪŽס̧ͷԶǸλյͼǣɭڡ
̰ǵ﷢˹ϢҶɲǣһУУ뿪Ĺ˽⣡֪лڲڡΣɭ֣ҲһҪȥѰ̽һ
⣬ֲٿĹ̨ǰ۶ߣ;ϥٵˣԱԼָ
ɢϢؾڵ޺ХЩ޵٣ȫѪһ䣬һһƮڣʹƼĻָ
һ·ǰУɱ¾ϣʱȥʬ屻ɡ
ãĹ̨ͣĹ̨ǰûһƬݻ֮ɫһƬŤ
ϥ˫ۣǰŤʶɢǰ죬ոŤ̾ͱһɴ
ĿһȴƬŤĿݻ֮ɫҵ˸Ƭ̼ڣͻûһҶİӡ
ǰӡϢҶһһ
̧һץбһƬϢҶǰ˦ҶֱŤĿݻƣ˲Ϣǰӡ֮ڡ
ȴǰӡ̾ͳѷ죬Ʊһ㣬ת֮¾ţ˲Ϣ䣬˺һȱڡ
ֲ˼Ĺ̨ǰһȥ̤̾ȱڣʧӽȱڻٴγŤ
һɿήϢ棬Ϣڣ̺һζֳ֮ʱȥһƬ޾ɭ֣еľήɸɣ¶һĻĻ
ˡĿɨ˵صһ̰һ޶ǰȥٺ䣬ֱƬήɭġ
Ƭɭ̫ޱ޼ʣֵٶȣҲ˰ңңĿģƬûпľĿյأ
յϣƯһתУһƬڣͨһ磡
а⣬ȥ·ĵϣһ֮أںܾ֮ǰһ񡭡һûпήĴ
ϢҶȻﵮôҲзٵһЩ˺󼸲һήԣַ棬ʶɢӿɣϸ۲
ʶӿɵɲǣȴһĸܵԼʶŴƬأȴһ֮
Ѹջ֣͵һԾƮգͷ¿ȥ
Ƭɭ֣״Ȼһͷ­ӣ
ԭĿ͸Ƭήɭ֣µص׺ɨڿڵص֮кһ˼ǰȻһӣȴѪ죬Ѫֱӳ֣һֱ·ȥ
Х
ʱ˿̣ڵŵͼľͷĹ̨۶ߣ˳Ժеĵ·˵ŵͼ˵ŵͼڡ
¶һĨĿи̰֮ɫһ̤ŵͼ˲䣬һȴкȻһƬϢҶ
ϷѾ˼ᣬƬҶеһϧһ鶯ߣ֪ȥ򡭡Ҷƽ棬׷ɱǸСޣпҶӵǿ뿰ȷĹ֮ϷҲ֪Ҫ
ŵͼľͷһҶǣиĴ촽ٿĹ̨ǰȥ


1458 
ѪХٿԽɲǾֱɿݵĵȥ֮£Ѫٵ˲ϢǴͻȻһƴ
ȴضѷ죬һѷϸ֮ܶһƬϹѷڼٵĴ͸˳ѷɢԶԶȥһɫ̫
֮£ʯ裬̱Ѫ֮飬γһ޴İΡǰβϵصףת˲䣬Ϲƿ˵ر¶˵ص֮
Ϲ˸УһͬһԼɳ̵ɫ޶ʱʹǵصûͷΨ׶˴һѷ죬һɫĶˮֱѪ
һѪ͸˶ˮֱӳ׶˵ѷڣɵڣһֱӴ͸
ӴڻصѪ˸ڵص׺ϣڰգ˫֮ǰһӣȴһ޴ӡûֱȥ
һжɲǼ䷢ӡһ־޾Ԫ磬Хк˴ء
һ󣬴ĸɿľʱĩƶɢӡڵ棬޴죬ǻһɰķ֮Ĵصס
кһ
ӡ£пʼ˱һƬƬΪ˷ɻɢڲ߽֮£Ȼγһ޴ӡ
ӵڣ¶һƬҰɫĲͷǣͷǵĿ֣
ͷ̫󣬼ռȫɭֵĵصף˿¶ⲿĿڣһɫ߰ޣ˻
ڰգĴӼ϶ڣͷ­ڲһ޴
״ޣȻĴ֣
ƣȴ£
֮ǰ鿴ήľ̾ͿƬɭ·һ޴ͷ­һƬɭ֣ȫͷ­֮ϣ
ͷ­ڣָǸܵһɱŰʶɨʱ˴ĹʶԥķӣչѪг֡
ִ˿̵Ϊǵ£ʸһսοƣʵ̫ޣ
鶯ΪĹūӣԼֵ֤ĳɳǿ
˿ƽһ㼲ۣת˲ٽһԣӺХɲǣ۾ɫȼգǰһӣ̱л籩ֱӾӡ
žž֮£ȼ
ĲҽлصУ˳ͷ­Ŀڣֱ䱾ȥڸѪ˸ȴѪϵشչ޴ɱˡ
ҽгͻȻ֮䣬Ϲҵһ£ͷڵԽԽСջһϹͷĿһֱʾҪȥ
ȫ¶֣һ޴ഥӣʵ̫ûκιϢڣֺпΪһͷ£
Ŀ䣬Ŀͼһתۼ䣬ɭڵգͻȻһȴγһ޴Уͼûȡգֱӽ١
ڽٵĹУ£ϡ
Ϣͼȫ£ֱӾͽ֣죬һҽг˲Ȼ㲻
ɱ˫Ŀ磬ڴǰڵͷǣӽ£̤ͷϣǰһӣɢת֮£Ӵɭ֣нһλɢһա
紵¶·֪˶꣬һ޴ͷ­
ͷ­̫󣬴˿չ¶Ĳ֣һѣͷüĴоŸǵӡھŸǣȴģ
ǹ񣡣˫Ŀһһǵһοǹʬ
ŴͷǣֳĬһ۾Ϳ֮ǰ߲ʵλãͷǵв֣һ㣬Լͷ­
˵߲ʵĿģǷӡ
ӡǹ֮ͷ
б֮ɫǹ񣬽Ĺ֮ͷ­мΪӣ˿ֿǹͷ­ָۻһ𣬻ˮˡ
ǹ񡭡ôֻߵͷüģӣͷϵǵӡϸ
ͷѾû̫ĹϢȫ֮С
ͷǵǵӡֲѲ³һĻĿһӴӣսĹ񣬱һ߲ʵʿնɱͷ­ӡ
֮ﱻ˴أǲ֪ʲôԭϣľΪɭ֡
ĬУֺȻĿһϸĿһͷǣüͷ
ǹ֮ǿ޷Ӵޱȣͷ­ֻô󡭡ѹСǡĿ˸һ֮´ͷĿ룬ͷ­ڡ
ܴ֮Ӱ߳УһƴСĹͷƬ
߽٣ڶɵڶ֮ʱնɱϥͷüϣеĹͷƬĿ¶
֮Ĺأһʲôط˭䵽ʲôĿġֳĬлԼĹһ飬Ĺأֱڣʼջ塣
ļǵãӵڿһĻ𶯵һ仰
Եȷһ¡һķӡⱻٳɳ
Ŀ˸仰ʼĥϿǱ߲ʵ֮ǴӺδǴʲô
һ㣬޷֪ص㣬߲ʵ˻˵һķӡ
ķӡֵͷһµͷǣиֳһΪ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
߲ʵ˾Զɻʣ˵õǰһΪĳЩԭҪȻԵѣʶ֡
ĿԽȥļǵãһȸ˵ڵ磬йڣҹ񾡹ܷ𣬵ǸߣҲԺȻԿ
һȸᵽһ֣į
Ϊʲôйį߹įħįǳ֮ΪšǲǴ־Ϳįħǡţ
е֮ʶ٣һμ֮ʱԣΪһޣս˺壬Ϊڶս֮ޡ
֮ǰԪϾǰǳֵʹߣǱӡĹ񡭡Уٴγֵʹߣ˱Ҷȥһۡǰǹ˵ѿһ塭
ֺм٣Ʋ²⵽ʲô
ѿ˵ʹ˵һ塭𰸺֮ѿա˭Īǿգ߲ʵˣԶɻʣһȸӣ𲻳ɣ
ֻǴˣкܶ˵֮ͨʹΪλǹ񡭡Ȼʲô˵壬Ĵڣǿʲô
޵޵Īҵʿޣⲻ֪Ƿ¶ã


1459 ͵
Ҽįȷǹţôɻıķӣпйأɻ֣ǸšĿıƵţ壬Ҫ
ͬɻֶʮգȻţԳɹŶԡΪᱻɱ
еҶɽ֮ʱдһռѷ죬ʶһأ񡢹ħĵ񡭡ʲôطǷĹйأǷ߲ʵйء
Ǵȸ˷ӡìͷֱָʦʦ˭
Ůӿ߲ʵ˵ĵ󣬶ʱз񣬲ϵ˵Ų֮ʲôţΪʲô߲֮ʵ˻˷ŭɱ
ţĪ֮ţǷӡס֮ţǡͨһ֮ţ
ֻߣ²һУȫǴ󡭡üͷ壬˿£ҲֻܷȷԼҲ֪
Ĺ̨ʱԳƵį֮ˣ˿ֻŻôУȡظȥظʲô
üģĿ˸
Σ֮ĹصĴڣȻ߲ʵĪµ֮ءǵįǰµĴ֮ء
ﱻ֮Ϊ֮Ĺǲ˵ľǵį֮ĹԽ˼бԽһ飬ͷ
֮̾һȥ˼Щ˷֮£ĿһܵΧʣµЩήľ
ľûв²⣬ӦǱ£Եӡͷ­ͬʱЩľͷ­ڵĹϢ
֮ȫήΪͷ­еĹϢƾõɢЩľû֣ȻͿήˡ̰ʱֻһľ飬Ҳֻʣһ̰û٣ٶһʱ⣬һҲҪή
ɴҲԿ̰⣬Ѿܾúܾûˣǵ֮ˣҲпºû
Ŀ˸Ƭ̺¶ϣϥͷüĴ˫֮±дĽƺХգγɷ
ǻûͼ죬ǾɫͬգѪҲֻӳĻС
Щ׼һ𣬾γһǿɱðȻ̾ͻӭͷײɱϡ
˷ֲ˼ȫ֮ʱת˳ӽͷڡ
ͷǺ޵׶һ㣬ֹ֮ӿ룬Ҳû˿ı仯ʱһȥûͣ٣ʼձֹ֮ͷǡ
أü֮Ϲǵ˸ǵ㻷У֮Ũӿ
ʱֹϵ֣֮ĿµĹͷһЩͬܿήľһɢһ˿˿
ֻеľȫʱҪķ̫࣬ڵĹ֮Ҳ
һַ˸ȫǼй֮ͨͷǣʮſſή֮ȫӦ
ʱţʮſľӿήתԽԽ࣬ɵײǻָ˱ɫӡ
һ̽Ϊһֹ֮߱ӿ룬һ̧üģ֮£¯ûƮǰ
¯ɴС˿ֻʮ֮һƬǣХһĶã˫¯һ㡣
ʱ¯ڻɢչеģ¯һƬɫĶˮţ㲨ڸǴ˴Ⱦ֮ꡣ
ǰһָ¯ڶȼգƺ˴ˣγһ޴Уת
˺Ǵ˹ͷ̺֮֮꣬󣬵ΪһǿĶ
ɫƽչ
¯ڵĺˮԽӾ룬޾֮ǷļУΪ̶ɱ¯Ȼ΢˲١
ϣأ޾ƯĺЩǺˮ壬¯
ֻЩ޷ɢΨԽԽ࣬۵һ̶Ⱥ󣬺Ȼ侹һƬƬƣεκɫˮڽ٣˺С
һĻƳѭʵϣںˮתˮ֮ʱȴ˺ܶ࣬ЩȥĶˮƾɢˣһʹ⺣ˮڵĶŨ
ʱ¯ڵĺԽԽ࣬ˮҲ£˺˺䣬ⲻϵ£ĺˮԽԽ٣澡ܲϵؽ꣬Ȼ½˽롣
ǺˮɫȻһ㣬ʶ޷͸ڵĶΪ¡
ۿûʲô쳣Ƕʼڱַһӣ¯ڶɢóһ硣
һڣҲ޾ˮֻˮɫΪɫ̺༫Ϊѵõ֮ꡣ
鶯˵壬ϥǺˮײ˫֮£Щ֮꣬ͼȫı䣬Ϊ
鶯һ޴ĵǵ鶯ħ˫ۻУɢɹâǱâֵ֮꣬ȴǶɫ¶ã
вһЩ֮꣬Ȼı䣬鶯գ鶯ɫһƬż
ֿ΢΢üͷЩ֮ҪǸı䣬鶯Ҳܳʱ䣬˵Ĺڣ鶯˼ӿգɹ̤˵
Уֳַһ˿Ԫ¯ڣȻ䣬¯ɫϿգֵӰû
ūӣ
һϵĻ¯ڻصϥں׵鶯˫Ŀ͵¶ȵĹ֮ɫһԾں£ֱӷɳ
ʮ⣬鶯˫ϥڰգū鶯μˣ֪ٻкūȥ
ֻûӰ鶯ˣ֮󻺻ڣҴһΪؿԺܿѧᣬԴڴ˵ĵ
鶯͵̧ͷпȸŨһ޵ΪľǳΪܣϧֹ±˵ε¯ûЩܸĪ컯ҲһַԸ֮ĸԸ
ֻҪɵϧһУ
̧ǰһָʱһӡֱ鶯üģ鶯û˿㣬ӡһش͸ͷ뵽Ԫ֮ڡ
ڣ㾡򣡡
ջĿ⣬շ鶯ˣΪ⣬¯ֶΣҲ¶Էѱ䡣
һڿڵĵܣ鶯ϣս֮ѡǿסٳΪһūȻĶ£ʶӰʧ˺գص䱾ڡ
ͬʱĹ⣬̤Ĺ̨һ·޾Ŀ꣬ԽԽ
Զˣ죬ҾͿԵܵõƬҶӣͨͿʹ÷ǵߣ·ΪãʱΪܻǿڣȴǿеǿߣǷ˷ܣٿĹ̨ٶԽԽˡ


1460 ϲ
鶯˱ִ֮ȫһӽ뺣ףʹˣĻҲֻ̤ܰ
֮ʱȻ鶯ȫ˽⣬ܲδְ͸ںЩû˵֮꣬ǿ
¯ǺҵľȻγһӴУеģ鶯ˣ˿˫Ŀ¶֮âʩչִĵչѸ͵ںϡ
¯ʼϥϵת֮ʮſľ˿ЩľһۿȥȻû˿ήӡ
ͬʱ֦ϿʼҶļ
ջĿ⣬̧һɨռ˺ѻûһץѽƵǷŮץ
ŮòܲǾףȻһͷڷ԰ף˫Ŀıţһ֮ɫ֣֮᲻ɵ֮⡣
ʲô֡ڰѶԷӴռȡ֮ʱֱһ·ӡʹŮѣȴʼձ˫Ŀ
˿ֵʻŮӽë˫ۣ۾ڰ׷˿ȴǳ˻ңҧ´ȥ֡
ŶԷвɵøһͬĻңͬӣͬģһڣоǿޡ
Ҧϧѩ񡭡Ŀ⽥䣬˵ʲô֣
ŮŲ˵
һ֣֮ǰΣΪλܴƽʵһȻȻѹɢŮ
Ů㽫ס𶨻ɱ㡭Ůҧ˫̧ͷ֣ĿеȻڣǿѹ¡
Ĺˡֻڡ
Ůһ˻ʱɫΪ԰ףǸ֮ˣֵ仰ĺ壬̾ͱ
ܣܱɱŮ֮£Ҳ
Ůûнͣһһöֱ֣ŮӣüģйһĻĻ棬ʱͳŮԺС
Ů׽֮ˣ֪ͨܶ࣬ڵĻ٣жϡ
ŮɫԽԽ԰ףڵһĻĻѿģڶԷ˵£ǷұѹΪûдĿܡ
Ǳ˶һĻǱŮһ˿룬˲
ҵޣ㲻شҵ⣬һѻꡣ䣬֪һЩĹ죬ʶûֱѻ꣬Ҫ߽Է
ŮпֻԽԽŨԼѾûκĿܣ˶Ѿȥ·
֮䱾ûޣ׷ɱңҲɱһΣԵϣҲɱ㣬Ҳǲԣֻ˵
ҷŮĬƬ̣ڡ
ʲôͨĿһʵ
ͨҷڳ֮ʱᱻгϴȥ棬֮һŮŴ
֪ĶңԼݹĳɱһͻȻֱ̧Ů顣
Ů̧ͷɫ¶޾־壬ż˻Ƽû˳ʱüûκӡǣΨм֮Żӡӡ
Ů紦ͣ£ĶŶԷ
ӡ֮ʩչ
ӡӡ֮зӡŮ־мش
仰ڵ˲䣬ֺȻ飬ʶֱӳ룬չѻֿ꣬Ů˲Ϣͱȫһɨ
Ϊѻ˻ĳ̶ȣŮļȫ֪Ŀһ̧ŮüһĨһ£ͰŮüĵӡץ
ּӡŮȫ봢ռĿ¶˸΢âķӡ
һֵ䣬ǵûѪԵϵǴطץӤܴ֮ˡ
ļʺܸߣڼںܾ֮ǰļ̳ͻȻʧ٣ʶʱգ˼Ϊ
ӡǱ£ʶʧȥӡҲΪ½ֻڷӡѡ
壬ķӡ֮⣬Ϊ˵ģ֮Ա˶ߣԼϡ
Ǳ㣬ŷѾۣҵһ֮ˣΪŮֻ֮ķ̫ѣȥ̳ſɣҳɹĿܲһʧܣɣټǼ̳ʧ̫ãʶһֱ
ŷӡֳĬƬ̽ǷŮûȥɱŮ㲻ʲôޣȡӡ˹Ĺ뿪ǡ
ոӡֺȻɫһ̧ͷǱ֮ʮſЩľ磬⣬ϸǳҶ
ֻЩҶûһǹϢҶûż֮ϵ룬ȴһϣƵ＾һ㣬ЩҶ׷״֦£ȴһƬҶӣʼû䡣
һй֮ȻֱҶƬȥĿתĿ£Ҷ˴Ĺ֮Ϲâ˸ʼջѰҶһ㣬ûκιϢҶϢ
˲Ϣ䣬Ҷϸ΢ɶҪҶһ䣬˫ĿһʱҶӳľϿϹâɢ˵ϣƽ
ľչ֮ĿήջһƬɻɢ
üͷ˿ʮ˿ľҲ½ĿʼĵҶӣ֮ǰľΪƣǳȥпֺķʱգĹ֮ȴһգ
ΪλˡĪ֮ǰжϴ󡭡ϢҶϢҶšϢ˫ĿͻȻâһץص㡣
͵վӣǰʮ˿ľǰͻȻϢ磬Хֱʮ˿ľȥΪϢϢ
ɨ䣬ʮ˿ľϵҶ䣬Ψʮ˸ҶƬȻľϣϢϢһ㣬ɢɹâ
¶ϲɫǰһץʱʮ˸ҶƬľ룬Ȼǰ
ϢҶ
ϲδɢһϲ٣ȴ¯ڶкƬˮɢ˾ŵô˳ԾĶҺ
ÿһζҺڣ̺֮꣬
ϲ¯һ磬鶯ںĳϺ֮꣬һĳХ£ǹؼİ벽ΪһĵܣϺкת鶯˴һ¶֮ɫһǿƣⱬ
õĳ鶯֣ǵ
ϲ֮󣬻еϲ
Ƭɭֵڣд˿кصȴŤ֮£һǧСĹ̨һ룬Ĺ̨վһ󺺣󺺴˿ɫһû뵽Ȼ֣ܿ


1461 ƵУ
סɲǣһӣʱеͼȻû֮Уֱ󺺶ȥһжɲǼ䷢תͼͽ١
Ǵ󺺷ӦҲǼ죬һӼϢҶûֱؿڣڣֹ¶֮ɫǰһָʱзǧֱ֣ͼȥ
ʱͼ֮ɫȼգȻл𺣣̾ͽǷǻƣѪ˸ȴѪһֱӴ͸˷ǣֱ󺺶ȥ
ڣû뵽ǵĹ̨ߣɱ㣬ϷĹ̨ɳף
Ҫ֣͹̫͵͵ѰϷײ
󺺳Цǰһӣʱ֮ûٴ۳һͷǧ֮ǣѪ
Ǵ󺺸ǰһȥ˿磬һ·񣬾忪ֵĽƣֱ̤
˫۶ǰʮ˸ϢҶ¶̰֮ɫ
ɱȡҶһã´ϸ΢ЦָצֱֺȻץ
ϻ٣ɫƽǴٵɲǣһӣǰ¯Ȼֱȥ
ձɣһзáǴǰҡͷǰһģ¯ϣ¯𶯡
ʱͻȻ¯ϱȥ֮ʱһǿķֱ֮˳ŴִڣʹɫͻȻһ䣬һѪҪˡ
¯һЦ죬ȴǴѪ۵鶯һƬϺд¯ڳ̤Ϻͷϣ¶ɱֱ󺺶ȥ⣬޾ƣ֮ص
鶯Ǵֲ֮ͫУ鶯ĳֵ֣İճ˿𶯣鶯ͬʱǺȻĲ֪ԷΪξֳ֣
誣鶯˼۶ת˲ٽ󺺣˫ֻϺһ޴ĺɫӺˮչֶ䱧ص˫鶯˵ͺɢһɻֱ֮󺺣
Ǵ󺺼˺˫֮̾һɫѷ˺һѪ֮£ѷڣһ˫ɫ˫ۣ
˫͸飬һǺ죬һӴĺӰѷڳȻһͷǧɴСĺǣֱ鶯˵ĵȥ
ǴֱΪƻˣ˿ټ⾹Ȼɹ̤鶯󺺺ԥķܵϣںǳȥ˲䣬ˣҪ뿪
սܼҪߣ鶯˵˥ʱлСʶôû㹻ͳΪܣ
ʼվڵĹͷ֮ϣ벽ûкˣɫû̫仯Уһ·׷ɱԼĹķ󺺴ŵ٣ֱ𾪵ĺˡ
¶һ˿ֻڡ
㿴ϲãȴ֪ҿ󣬸ϲãǰһӣǰʮƬϢҶʱƬֱӷɳ֮޷ǷѷֵɲǣǺ˲䣬ֱӾʹ͸һпռ䣬һ档
ˣǰһָǰƬϢҶѸͷɳ̫죬ɷӡһ֮ת˲֮¾Խ˴󺺣γ˷ӡ
Ǵ֪ϢҶĹ죬˿͵ظı䷽λһȥ
󣿡ǰƬϢҶһȻ䣬˴ء
ǴһΣҲɲǣǷЦּ߹ϢҶӡҲأ
ôҲǲͨġϢҶٴηɳƬȫλֻʣǰǰ˿ȴǺ죬鶯˵ĵ֮Ǻչɱ֮ӿ
ǰһȥֱӺɨǰʣȫϢҶȻɳֱǷ󺺶ȥ
鶯˸ڳһ󺺡
֮£ȫ·Σͷ˫͵ǰһָʱͼ֮ڲϵɢγһƬŤ֮࣬ģŤ˫Ͼ̣Щ̿ͬ
Ⱥǰ£󺺵ͺ˫һɨϵȫϿȻһͷͷǣЩ̫࣬ת۾أȻʮ򣬴˿ȫ̧ͷҪХ֮ʱնʱȴһѪɫƾû
һѹ
ֻǣûлὫ֮׵ʩչ̧һָգȻ䣬¯ͣȫڣסյĺ£סǣ
鶯ǣƵĴ誣ɫȻһ䣬Ҫϧһƶͨȴһ֣޷¡
ܣ˾ŵκɫˮΣɢһͷƤĿֲϢ
Ҷ
һ£ҪֳƮ


1462 ƻ
ֵĻ纮˪ס˷󺺵һΪͷ˲ϢڳˮĶŽԼưΧľŵκɫҺ
Ϊľ͸ܵŵζҺ̺޷ĶأֻһΣԪȫʴ㲻
ͷƤģǾŵζҺڣ̫̫֮꣬ЩȻۣΪ˶꣬ǿӡڶҺڣɢ޾Թصĳ嶯
Ҷһ㶼ңյһս̫죬ҹ̲۾죬ûϵ鶯֣û뵽鶯Ȼǰ벽
˵ҲˣϢҶӡ˴ķҲз֮ŵζҺĳ֣ȴ񼸺Ҫ
ǶҺϵĿֲϢƤһϸ΢ĸ
誱ɫ԰׺˫Ŀһڵ鶯
鶯ǰһȥʮͣ£ֱӵϥգĿ¶ȵĹڵҪɱ
ˣִ誶Уһ£ЩԼ۾ܣΪǿǿĴڣϡ٣ÿһպ֮Ϊȥһδﵽ֮Ϊ
ִһӣ¯ڶʱ仯ʮƬϢҶǼٶӡ¯ϣڻչ
鶯˸ְ´̤붾磬ϥڰգЭչū뵱鶯̤ͬĴܣҪūףε֮ҲѶԷľ֮ſӳɹİա
˿誱ѹ¯ڣ鶯˿أйϢҶӡҪǾŵζҺƣʮգԷӲԼġ
ҺֻоŵΣԸ˷ѣΧȻá誣Ҳû㶾ɱܽΪūֻص֮ūͣĴˮӿȻɢȻӶݡ
üһǵ֣ת֮оͰ¯ü֮ڣڰգ·档
˿ήľɭ֣˿ڲȻտΨΧнľڣɭֵģ̰뿪ĹûܵκӰ죬Ư
һֱƬɭͬĹͷһͬߣȷ֮ǴǷɢһɢòʧ
У˵Ҫʶɨ֪ܲͨǷᱻ̫ǳȴǿȷдá
֮û˫֮£дĽƻûֱգչ˲ӡ
յʱ䣬ֳ׵İһоתһȥֱȥƬɭڵء
ʱڹĹڣٴʩչƣΧӡŷƬɭڵأӡƣȫеõ˹ϢҶҲ޷ʱƿա
ڽƣкܴİգӡ֮˫ĿâһȴʯźȻûţΪӡϵ½ʹƬӡ
һУĿǷ󺺵Ĺ̨ϣһģĹ̨ϴķƮֱֶ
ЩٽɲǣȡԼĹ̨֮Ĺ̨ҵ𶯣Ȼͣת֮£ʹﵽǧɴСվĹ̨ϵ֣ʱ͸ܵϤʶ
Ժеĵͼٴζһ棡
˲Ϣ䣬һϵص
ŽΪա˸ʺͽ˽汾ɱ¾һΪ֮ɱ¾ħʶӡ
ɢɫƽ֮ĿһٿǧɴСĹֱ̨ǰȥʧڡ
һ·ּۣԸܵǰҲмĹ̨ϢڣЩĹ̨ȻϣǴڵλãҪԶԶس֡
ǰֵķ䷽λѾ˵ڰ˷ͼ
ͼţǵįе˼ƺ˭ھŷͼǵһΪŽĹ̨ﵽҪ󡭡
ڵٶȣ޷ĹǰǼˡϥĹ̨ڣĿ¶֮üģн¶⡣
Ĺ˾ֱʾΨûСɭҲ˵أȻҲûֱʾ
ǹ񣬹ʶﲻֱʾôֱʾʲôءĿһץһЩʲôͷĹ̨һģʱһַ𣬱ץС
ӽĹʼձܴ˵ڤڤ֮ٿָߣǾֵĳ֣ƺҲ˲ٿһ㡣
ָоֵܲһȥϸĹ۲ĹڼΪҪֱʾŴֽüͷ
ʱ仺ȥĹ̨ǰߣ˵ŵͼ뵽˵ŵͼڡеķѾٸÿһ۲ļΪϸ
ڣ̺һɺܹŹֵڵãƺΪ˿Զʱûģ̇ǰһץʱǷŮƯǰ
Ůӡȡߣüϣһӡӡֱʾ
Ů˫ĿգƳ˯һ㣬ֶüģ̧֮𣬹֮ƣŮüһĨ
ŮһƿüֱʾȻڡ
ֳĬ꣬򿪴ռ䣬ȡŻƿһģ˻У̾ͷɳһħ֮꣬ħһ֣̱һץס
ݺݵһ֮£ħʱһŹħ֣֮Ŀ˸ڹ֮ӿǹħ֮ںϡ
ʱ仺ȥںʼ޷Բ룬ƺȱʲô
֮˫ԽԽһץʱӴռڷɳһ««ڵһӡ֮أʿΪ˱ͳ֮
ʱʶɨ֪ǹ̺֮˲Ĺ֮
˿ó˼һã̺«ڱ۳Σ㱻ֱȡһ֣ںϵĹħ֮֮ϡ
֮壬ϢɲǼֵۣ̾ȫںһγһɶصԶԶ˹񡢹ħץץסصĸо
ԥֱ̧ڷŮüһĨȻ䣬Ů˫Ŀ͵һҽеͬʱüֱʾһĨȥ
ŮûֱʾӶʱҵĲܵ˲ϢƷһĴ˷ֱŮ٣ŮµĴڣĹĹǿҵĳͻ˹Ĺһϵо䣬Ҫⲻôڵı仯Ĩȥ
仯̫ͻȻҲûϵ˲Ϣ䣬ܵͷɲǼ䣬Ůͱ֣ʧǰ


1463 
ĿأǰͻȻӿɢŮӰȻʧ֪ȥ˺δ
˼ૣ˿дǷŮüµֱʾһԣĹ̨ǰۣúٴȡһħħ֮֮ںϵͬʱִӺ«ȡһЩϢѸںϣںԲһɲǣֲ˼ֱԼüġ
һ͵һԪתɫʱ԰˫ĿȴǾ˸üд˿ǹ֮ںϵϢתʹӶͷһ׶ٴһ㡣
֮ʹɢֵüģȻһֱʾ
ֱʾֵɲǣܵȻһ죬ҪͬǧɵĹ̨ɡ
ڵľٶĹڵĹ̶ҪǷŮһ㣬ĹĨɱߣ
ܺХٵ˲䣬ֺԥԼüĺݺݵһĨǵķӡ˺£
ڱ˺µɲǣɫΪ԰ףм١͵̧ͷĶܵ۲ٶ˷׼
ǣüӡǱĨ£ܵƽ˿
ֵ֮ЦڻصеӡǣȻȷһ¼
ĹڣΪ񣬹ʶüûӡǣӡȴǿԵ֣ǹ֮Ϣںϣ
ҲΪԭǷŮһ㣬ĨȥӡǺᱻĹĨɱΪͲӦӡǣ
ӡǣֻĹ͸зǹ֮֮ˣǿԶʱķӡѣ
ǹ֮ĹأΨй֮ſԽҪͱҪӡǣͬģһӡʧȥ̾ͻᱻĹĨȥڣ
֮Թ֮ûӡǣ˵ȴĹ̨Ϊص㣬Ҫù֮ˣɱ¾Щˣȡӡǡ
ЩˣǴߣǣһֻ֣ңߣɭ٣ҲΪߣ
ֻɭΪ˿ȴЩңδؿ뵽ؼӡǣĹ̨ϣʱӡǾĹ̨ڣΪһ塣
ɱȡӡΨһĵ·޷ЩϹȣʱҲһһַ
¶΢ЦٴںϢ֮ԥİüģӡֵɲǣ̾ͱֿٵڳ
һʮʮת֮䣬нٸַıԼ岻ϵ۳Ĺ̨
ڵܣƵľٶʹð˷Խӿ񱩣ӿΪңʱյļΪ˿Щٵʱ䡣
ģֽΥ˹Ĺķʽڶ̶̵ʱ۳ٸַģһһĹ̨
Ȼ䣬Ĺ̨˷зĺչ֮࣬Ѿ˲٣˿ټּ̬ķʽʱ͵߽׵Ҫ
£µĹ̨ڵĳѸ˷ۣʹĹ̨ǧɲϵ
ǧɡǧ߰ɡֱǧɣ
߽Ĺ̨
ǧɵĹ̨СΪˣԶԶȥһС½㣬֮УֵɲǣܵƱɨҽӽˡ
Ĺ̨˸ʹٴ˺һЩ˺һɨʱɢһգƱһ㡣
ԺڵĵͼȻٴοһеĲǵͼڻصģγֵ
ظΪ꣬һɱӡڵظɱ֮˿ȡȻ꼫Ϊǿ󣬺ߣʮĪҪų
ǰǺպ֮
ɢ־һ֪ˣ⻰һγʱἰĵظΪ˸ڵʺͽҲ˲²⡣
Ĺ̨Ϊ߽׵һ˲䣬ڰŵͼڣϥһոճΪ߽Ĺ̨ľħͻȻ˫Ŀ͵Ӹվȥ
˵˭Ȼܴﵽ߽ףһ˿Ĺ̨֮ǰɢһգʹôĹ̨Ϊףɶ̶̵ʱڣȻٴĹ̨ף⡭ħɫ˼⡣
ΧɱȡɾĹ̨ȴҲͬķ߽סϷûĹ̨ܿͻΪ˽ףҪҶ˭һЩħĬϥ¡
ͬڰŵͼڣֻ֮ϣУһܿҪΪ߽׵Ĺ̨ǰУĹ̨ϰŮüͷ¶⡣
ͬǹһĻֻ벻ԭ
˭ءΪʶĹɢʹĹ̨ף˶̶ʱĹ̨ף˭ŮüģҪ˼ʱĹ̨Ȼһȴյ㹻ķģͳΪ߽ף
һʣĳ˼
ھŵͼڣռ࣬鼸޾ɭٶȲòɫǰ̤ȥ
ĹĹĵţŪôһƨУҪ˼ѣį֮һ壬⴫㲻ңи˭
ɭһ߽Ĺ̨ϣŮӴ˿ɫЩأŪ飬Ŀ˸»ͷȥ
ֳһ߽סŽ׻ԶѾھŵͼڣɭӦλȻ˽Ҫ졭ǵظ𣬱˻޷ݣȴаգįҲû˵˵ʵǵظڳ⣬һ϶ۺ졭Ůһ˿̰
û˿뵽ʲôķԼĹ̨ٽף˿̺ͣ٣Ĺ̨Ϊ߽׺ٴͬķ۳һġ
ЩĲϵ߽Ĺ̨ڣʹŰ˽ףٵǰС
ַȻΪּüıзӡǣת˲ӡǾͱĨĹ̨ʱţʱĹ̨ϵķľۻһΪµĳ̶ȡ
ħƿڵĹħ٣ԾģڵĹ֮ҲĹ֮ȴ٣Ǻ«ڵĹϢʣࡣ
ִռڣĹõ֮Ϊ˳ڵĹϢֲϧЩ
һǿ۷ĵٶȡ
ʱһ֮ڹϢںԲ֮üİȥĹ̨ɲǣĹ̨ȻһϽ⼱˸Сٴͣ
ĺˣȫĹ̨ͣת֮£ʹﵽ˰ǧɣ
˽Ĺ̨ĹڣУһ˽Ĺ̨
Ű˽Ĺ̨ĳ֣ҵķܲϵƶ˺Хһ㣬ĹڣеĵͼС
һ˲䣬ĹڵʿȫܵľҲ


1464 ˭죡
˿̵ĹĹڣʣʿ꣬£ȫɫ䣬ܵͻȻңǶʱãȻ
δ֪Ŀ־壬Ǽٵ
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ͻıʣ׷֮ɫ䣬Ҫˣٶȸ죬ХһĹ˵Ĺ̨ɢ
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ͬʱԶڣħĹ̨һɫٶȼ죬ת˲ٽУ̤ڡ


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ɫ԰ף£ûܵ˿ˣͻȻһĻȴ𶯲ѡ


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ɫ԰ûκԥѷֵɲǣǰһȥֱӾ̤ѷڣ
֮ˣǾħŮӣҲΨӰʧǾ֮£ǰа㡣
ֽѷ˲䣬ֻֻɢΪһƬɢȥֻǣΣûнǱ˷ӡֵĹ˫¶һ˿â촽췢һ˻
ѷɲǣԺںȻǵھŷͼֻ֣£ھŵͼѾûá
ͬʱǵįɣش
ŽĹΪ֮Сֻ̤ţ뱾츮Ȼ츮⣬㹻ΪĪԵ
֮һһܡȻ᲻ڡǵ֮ʿ·ۣڣļԹ˼
ߣܳɹţܡܡ
ɢģǰһ֮ʱһӴޱȵĹ֮ڡ
⹬ǿһ㣬һۿȥѿͷ̻Իͣ͸޾ϵͬʱһɭ
ɭϢǰŲ켫Զ֮ʿɵʬӣ
ÿһŶ飬ʿǧһֱվѪ˫Ŀţɱ
Щ˵ź죬ͬʸˮһ㣬ƻһֻͬ壬ȡʱԺеĻڣЩϿ
Щ˵ͷ˿̾ɫĻ˸΢ȼ֮
˵ơƯڴգĿЩʿɨЩˣȫǳΪ˵ƻȼյĻ棬ʬ֮ԪںϺγ˻
һУɭ֮иŨֵĿ˳ЩʿǰȥǰԶһ߸ʯ̨ʯ̨һ޴Ρ
ǰʯ̨ӵײֱ£Ȼһ޴ѷȱڣ̺һɾ֮
ƵˣһһƿһԶХٽֱָ֮ˣ
ϣһˣΨһԲεĹţɢ֮âƯ
Ⲣŵʿм䣬һԼɴСĶȼƯֱϿա
ֳĬӽɸߣĿӵգԽǰǾ޴ʯ̨ؿ⹬ڵС룡
ʯ̨󷽣ͬһ޴ĶǶܣͬʿһͬʱǵͷҲлȼա
ʯ̨ǰң˷λãȻȫһʿ
𺳣ǰһУ֮˿˿ܿģޱ޼ʴȫֳĬ̧ǰ͵һӣɨĿ֮â˴ʹֿ˸ԶһС
ڿԶڵɲǣ˫ͫ͵һ


1468 ֮ƣ
ʿ˷֮󣬺Ȼа˴ʬɽ
ʬѻɽ
ʬ壬ѪȻɿݣ߸˰˴ɽɭϢֵĿ⿴ȥŨ
ֻǣһлûнֵĿⲻϵɨȥ˸࣬𶯡
ʬɽ֮֮仹а򳤴СľЩſڣ棬ֻǴ˿̣ȴһΪʯͷȴһ֮⣬ʹʼƯڰա
ͷֻʯ̨ʯ̨֮
֮޾ĵϣһǧɴСľ޴󷨱սȻ֣ЩսӼΪ£̣аɫѪȻڵ꣬ӹ޴ܡ
սܣƯ̤ڷɽϵʿһͬʯڰյĶ͸ɱ
Ǻ󷽣һȥ˷ʿʮ֮࣬Щ˷׷ױǰľٶƷһҪǰ
ʿ֮࣬ޱ޼ʡ
ЩʿȺڣнٸߴӰЩӰʯ̨˫Ҫϡ
Զ˸ӼߵľӰһ֣ǰʿչɱ
ϵؿȥԽ𶯣أʯ̨εǰǸλãһΪصʿ
ʿһɡɡƮڰգȫʯȴ̧Уңңָʯ̨
ĿɨȥƬڣվһˣ
һĿʿƯڰգֱȭͷץʲôƳ䣬
˫ڷһѹȻ
ĹڣΨ΢ȼãջĿ⣬·Ǿ޴ʯ̨ĬƬ̣ӻ£̤ʯ̨֮ϡ
վ־Ŀȥ·޾ʿһı飬һ˫˫͸ɱĿ⣬һ˲䣬ȫϡ
˰˷ɷʵһ㣬ٽ
ʶ˺ǰͣ£ɫΪ԰ס
ǰǴʯ̨ײһָľ޴ѷ죬ڲɱһѷɼԶХ޾һ㣬ʿһսһ֮ߺȻֱʯ̨һ޴ѷ죬ֱָʯ̨ϣŵһˣ
ĬУڤڤһǣ֮ǰĹ̨εڣγУһȫʹվԣӻϣ
Ǿ޴ϵ˲䣬ֵȻһȴǼٵת֮¾ͳΪɵĹ
üУǵûתʱͻȻһȻ˳ֱӳڣͣĿγõǵ㡣
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˫Ŀڵǵ㾡ã˿̳֮üǵ㽻תع켣Ȼһһ
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ƽǰɫƽǹϣȴԽԽŨϵػ֮£ʹô˿̵֣ɢһɾǵǰҲҪϢ
ȸܵϢģüǵ¯ڵ鶯ˣԭȫѹ誣ϵ¯ʱǰԵޱȵϢ۵˲䣬鶯ɫ䣬˲Ϣ԰ףо¶˿־֮ɫһжӸǱƳ¯Ƴǵ㣬Ƴڡ
߳ͻᱻѹļһüǹһǵת֮У鶯˴ڻûֺ֣ƽ̨ϡ
ֱºǹѹɢȻǿ󣬺ɽѹϣǵܣһ鷲ˣУͷ̧
¯ڣһ誣ԸԭκҲΪѣ鶯ѹƣǰ˵ζҺƣװݡ
˿̣Ǵڴѹȴɫ˲Ϣ԰ף͸ŵľ֣ѹʹİ˵ζҺɶʹǶʮƬӡĹϢҶ
һɶ˲䣬һΣֱӾͳ屻ס¯ںüֱ˸
һ˲ϴľѹȻϣʹɫٱ䣬ʶ˺󼸲¶쾪֡
Ϣ£ֻԷһͷԼͻʱһ㣬ƺڶԷǰԼǵʿҲͬϣ
ָо̫޷ˣ
ӵְԵϢǰһ飬Ҫ壬ҪҪǰ򣬱
Ǵϲۻѹ˿δĻУȻﵽһ޷ݵĵزԵޱȣͬʣ
죬·ǰҲҪͷ
أǰҲҪĤݣ
ӲѪŵŵ˺ѹ٣˫ȴ֮һ˫磬
鶯ûбΪܣΪ棬أ񣬴˿ѹԽԽҪͺ˫Ŀͨ죬ӲǼûй£
֪Է˶̵ʱھӵǿϢһ۾ͿϢǶԷУǰ֮˽
ϣ֮
ƣѹʱɢԼɢǰǴ޷߳Ϊܸ˹µӰ֮УΪ޷Ǻп鶯һΪԷ֮ū
֮У󺺵ͺⰲĹڻصͷڳĺˮȫ鲻ϣ˫Ȳϵزȴҧ֣ѪȾ£
ƴһмֵ˲䣬ǽƵ˾ͷ˫Ŀǵ㣬üǵȻתɲǣʮ˿ǣȻһ٣
ֹͣתһ̣ڻ۵ϢѹıѹԱ֮ǰǿʮٱƣɨ˷
ѪƱ˺ѣ鿪һмֺȻ߽⣬У˿̵־ͬһ޷սʤʣչ¶һزİԵ
ͨһ󺺹鶯һУ˿̧ͷˡ
һУûвĿƴ͸鶯誣ǰУʯ̨˷еʿת£صǰ
ɱ죡ģʯ̨Щ֮ˣģֵĿڸһĻĻеĻ桭
Уһɡ
ɡһʿĬĬĸǰȥʿңң֮ϵĴڣ̧֣ǰһָ


1469 
һָض
ֵĿУʯ̨˷أȻ𶯣˻죬ȴǰʿһĳһ籩ɨֱʯ̨
ʿ֮ʮֹĸʿһͺ£Լٶȳηһ㡣
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ʱϿƱ˺޴ѷ죬ֱӾнٸǧɴСĹ֮Ȼ٣ǵĳ֣صıһŭ˲Ϣѹʿɱ
֮Уٸ֮˵ϣ֮֮ͨȵһйٵչԽ֮ˣʮʿ
һĻĻΪʵ̤֮У˵Ĵ˵սĿһ㣬ƽ֮ͬˣǰһС
һԵƣڲϵػ۱ʹִ˿̣Ƴһˡ
غȴϿյѷڣ˰˸֮ߵľ޴Ӱ֮£˸˽ڴأǵĳ֣ʱһң
˸ӵмΪǿ֮ӱУз׹𣬸дʿѪˣһЩʿֱ
˸˳ֵɲǣԶǳɡʿдȴŤȻͻ˾һ㣬ǾڴɾȻأɫͷʯ̨˾ŭ
ǵӣҪƿһ赲ʯ̨
һ˵ĸоõĻֵ̫ʵֻ֮ںУʹֻΪ˵Ǹս̤صӡ
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ֻȭͷͣڰգУɿȭͷƣΪǰһӡ
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˼ϣ˺ۣƾõУսɱ֮ޣ棬һɾɱۡ
ĿĿ
Ȼ䣬ǹ֮Ҷһ޷ݵƣХֱǰ֮죬رϸһ޴ѷ챻ǰ۶ȥ
ڰգ֮ƿһ赲ǰ֮ʷ׹֮âһѹȡУƿնȥ
͸ǳɡʩչ߲֮â͸ǵ֮ûͷ­Ļ֮Ϣ͸еһУ£ǿգʱ⣬һһУ޷ֹ
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㣬һֻۣڣҰļԹ˼
Ժ֮ǰֹ˿̵Ǿʹ֮£ƺԼǻΪ˵į
ҵۣң֮ں¡¡ĻصǾ޴ͷ­ӰϢȻǰ˳ɡӵֱ߲֮֮ǳɡǷɬӣʧȥһΪʯˣɡҲͬʯ
ϢɨУ͸ӣ֮ϣ޳Ĭ˫Ŀ˲ϢΪʯˣǰĶ
ԼĿɲǣ˵˵һ仰Ҳһ䡣


1470 
ʯ̨ϣǰ鶯ʼչĲϴѹȻ˾춯صĳ̶ȣѹǿֲ𺳣̧ͷ
ǸֵĿ£ʺ֮Ѫ
Уʵϵһ˲䣬Ѿʼ
ʱţһԺеĻ棬ڼһĻĻ
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һӡΪ߲ʿ̾ʿ߹վŹǰǰ
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ŵɣԺеĻڣȻͳһɣĻ⻰ֵ˲䣬һ޷ı仯ͻȻ֣
һ仰ĸ֣߲ʿɫٱ䡣
û߲ʿȫ߲֮⻷ƣ֮һѪһ֮£ʧӰ
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֮ǰֵ£־ûѣħϢԺһĻĻ棬Żѹ־ˣ
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ֱĿ֮£ϵطֹ֮ȥĿʹھſ֮ǰȻû˹Ϣڣ˿ֹ̱ģĿħϢüĹ֮
ڰϢ
ϴķ֮Ȼһֺصĳ̶ȣڴ֮Ѫɫȴޱȡ
ƫţֵͺȫ֮תӣų֮һδεײ
鶯ѪӲɫ԰ס
ͬҧѪȴ鶯һֵ֮ͬϵ֮
ھϢӲϵزͷڳˮ֮εķԽԽǿңҪӱһ㡣
ڵĹħϢǹ֮糱ˮһҪ壬صС
һǻȥֵĴоҪ;ȥչڶ㡢㣬̤ڵ츮޷գпܻá
ʮϢѪֵʱԽյԽ࣬ĺôԽüĹ߿ǵ㣬ڼٵת֮УԽԽֻһЩҪͣ
ʱȴǾͻ
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Ťͬһ͹Σк֮صȴɭһȭȭ


1471 
˫ĿѪ˿ǰԶ⹬Ź͹ε֮ȭҪƿ빬ɭ
Ŀ磬֮ͬʱʱȥ
ʮһϢʮϢʮϢ
ϢḶ́תۣʵ϶˵ϢϢͣ٣į
ǼΪǿҵų֮籩һϢһҪֵѪٴϵع˿Ĺһڲ
ͺ𼸺˻ֿڱǴԪתȻ˼ޣھǹҲͬ޷ܵĴʹ
ټȥľͻᱬڵѪܹͷȵһѪ⣬ȫȻѣΪһ̲࣡
˻֮УֻһͷǾǾڽȥܣΣҲҪƴһΣ
һԼһų֮Ƴ뿪ôɥʧǧѷĻ飬־
üŹǵ㼱ת߿ǣĳͣԽԽдĿ֮ǵ߿˸ԽԽĿ
ĿڣһƬħУת֮£˸ħǣɲǼ䣬ڵʮϢŵһ˲ĿȻһģħǣ
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ֻǣʮϢĴۣ̫龪죬ȴ£Ѫܲסּѹ֮ȻѪմȾΣ¶Ѫ£ɭɭ׹ǣ
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ʹʲô֮һѣ̫֮Զҧǣǣ¶Ц
˿̣ĿУǹôڣɭҲ֮£һֻʯ̨ԽԽ
ĿԿǴڵɭɭɫŭ죬üİ˿ǵ㼱תɢһ֮Ϣ
ȭͷ籩ɨϵػ裬ÿһ£ôҵĲʱԱ
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Ϣ֮ʣڵų֮ٴαһ˫ִ·ֱֻȥҪϳΣ
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µһɢȴûκи˫ͫһǱǰϦƽƽ󣬽أ
鶯誣ȫֲֿ˼ʱ
ģ֣ģͨķʽڣȻ֮УȻ䣬ȻڱһɸΪǿϢȻƿ޳ڡ
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ɫ鶯ħ˫ۻкɿհϡ
Ƿͬɫ˲ϢҰףұ۷֮ڹͷ˲ϢȻ鿪˷ĩұѪɢ˺Ѫ֮ͺȻһɫѪǻû
ѪԽ誣ٴȥֵڴı֮
鶯誶ˣֵΰٱĽ֮߳ϵģֻɣҲΪ˵ĴڣĻֺѼʮϢ
ξܱٱ֮ͬģ̺ǴϢҲŨ˰ٱײһЩֱӾͳڡ
Ϣһ壬ںüҪ͵ĵ߿ǣâȻ˸ԼٶȣѸ͵ȫּٹȡ
ӣϢ䣬߿ǣͻ᳹׳֣
ǹ񣬽
ɭԽø߸͹Ĵ˿Ʊ˼ޣԽԽת˲УȻǧɣ
ɭӣǰУϵͣΪǧ֮ߣȭǣ֮ôڳܲסһϸܵѷ죡
񿪣
ɭûвֵĴڣ֮ȭͷ죬ɫи˷
ĵţ⴫оӦڱ񣬷ǿգ˱ûڶʸƫƫҪŪЩ֮Ϳ˲ɣ
˫ͨ죬˿̵°ȻֻʣϴΣЩʹʲôָͲںֻҪܰڵϢסֻҪԼΪǹһ˲ͿԻָ
ǹǿָ֮ԶԶǣ
ʮϢ
ٱ֮Ȼٴӣֻȴ԰ٱΪһɷ֮ǿɭҲҪȫ
ķֱӿ֣ӲһѪɫƷ񲣡
ӣįΪʲôҪȥֹ
֮纣Х͸壬鶯ͨûֵ֮ڣħһ֮£޷ݵǿ֮УƬһͬѪ׳ʯ̨⹬ϵģ鶯
誵Ѫǣȫ类ɨɢ飬ͬ⣬һ˵档
ˣΪֵַһ뷴󣬶ʱ޷ٴµһУҪԼ
ʮϢ
һϢϢ˵ʵȴǼ죬鶯ͬʱɲǣµĵʮϢ٣
˿̣ɭأõĴҲ޷ܣʼ˴ΧıɭӣۿҪҾֲɣ
ʮϢȻٱķ֮ٴڵ״̬޷ֿüĵĵ߿ǵ㣬ת֮£Ȼ˴룬Ϣ᳹׳֣
һɲǣȻ̧ǰһץȻУȴԶһɹʯӣֱӷ˲䱻ץ֣ǰۿҪôڵɭֱȥ
һ֮죬ڱķ֮ӿֵͬʱյǾ߹ʯõĴϣ̽ͷ޷ݵ˷ܣ׼ɭϣ
ͬʱָһ˦ȥɲǣں䣬Щӿķ֮йڣѸ͵Ĵʯʬ壬ɭ
ɷֵ̫֮ұ޷ܣڻӶʬ˲䣬ұֱӱ˵ˣǾ߹ʬ壬ȴһ֮Ƿ֮йɭͷ
һĲҽдɭдɭ崫֮Ѫӵ
֣


1472 ǹ񣡣
ɭ⣬޷֪⹬ڵһУѾŰ⹬Ľǿк俪̽ӣûȿһУ̾ǰһڣһ޴ĹХ
һ̫죬ɭ㣬Ψ̧֣ҪƾǿİǹӲôҲû뵽ڴĴȻκˣ
ǹɴĳɭڣұ۸ǺһڹͷȻϿǴ£ɭӵѪͬʱǱƿĴʯ̨֮ϵ֣
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ֲʮϢ٣
ͬʱǹʬѪɭĿֵüģƼĵǣ
û˱ɭ˽ֵĹ֮壬ڿһĻɲǣ֪һУףµھУΪĴУ
ҵļ䴫УҪȥŴУɭ˫ͨ죬ͬһ㣬ǵʮϢٵɲǣǰȻȥ
֮죬ת۾ٽǱ俪ĴҪ
˿̣ʮϢֵһ˲ڵķ֮Ȼ޷ȥ㣬ɨ֮£ֱӱȫٵӣɲǾؿڣѪ˺£ڹͷֱӱ
ֻʣµһֻۣ˿Ҳ֮ڱ˲䣬ɫ¶ֵüģ̧ʱʮƬϢҶȻǰһӣʮƬϢҶһڹֱǰ
һۣѪɢ
⣡鶯誣ˣ
ʮƬϢҶٶȼ죬ɭҪƿĴɲǣֱӾͷӡ棬ɭֱӾһ
ɭ֮ǿǷ赲סϢҶӡɲǣֱһȭ
֮ʮƬϢҶʱƬΪĩɭִĹϢҶԱߺݺݵһץҪ˺
鶯ҧ֮£֮һԾȥ˫ǰһӣȴϺӵ޾֮꣬һ޴ĺˣǰȥ
ǷͬԾ˫ֻеͺ𣺡Ⱥǰ£
ڵ˲Ϣ⣬Ȼһ֮ǻûת֮¾ʮ֮࣬ռء
⹬ϷƾյľͳһѪɫ֮£
ʮ黯֮ͬ췢һǺһͷͷֱԾ𣬻һѪ֮ڣ
һĻֱѪ¶ȥѪʮ̺󣬺Ȼ٣ֱ·ɭȭͷȥ
ڴͬʱչǿͨһɻֱ֮ɭ
֮𵴣鶯ϺɭȭɲǣѪ֮£ɭֲòˣ
ջص˲䣬ɭͷ­ȴǴȱǰһĴ
һ
ף䴫У֮һ֮ڣγһ޴ķ籩籩˷뱩Űɨ֮£鶯ٴѪǰϺֱӵȴûս֮
Ƿ誣ѪһжʱŤڴһĲҽУȴڵ̣˲ϢУѪҲķѣ߽
ѪɫǰһѪУһڴء
һ籩⹬ɨһ߾ʿֱӱǻɻңǰҲ߽ͬ⣡
ΨЩ֮ʬ壬ʣһ룬û籩±
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֮ǰֶļ䴫УҪȥŴУܲ裬ϧˣҲҪΪ֮
鶯޷ɭ˫ͬʱϢҶȱڣݺݵһ˺Ҫ
һ˵ʱ٣ʵȴǼ죡
ϵ壬ʮϢٱķ֮£ϵر飬ؿڣۣת۾ɢһգ
Ψһͷ­Ư֮ϣƾһ־θȴûнʮϢƱļΪûоͷһ
ֵͷ­°ͣһѷ죬Ƭܱ˫ӣ˫ۣȵһɲУɢһա
Ψüǵ㣬ڼٵתӶҪԪĹǵȫɲǣ
ǵ߿ǵ㣬ͻȻдĿ֮⼱˸һɺƵĹ֮糱ˮһĴ߿ڱ
䱬߿ǣģУ˲ϢʵȫĹȣ׵׵ġˣ
߿ǵֵһɲǣֵüģ߿ǵתһ٣ǳתһȦ
һɱ֮֮ʱҪǿĹ֮䱬˳߿ǵֱ·ȥֵͷ­üһ£ŵ˫ۣӣ˫ת˲
ͷ­ֵͬʱ߿ǵٴת˵ڶȦ
ֵĲӣؿڣ˫ۣϰȻƾ۶ڹͷȳ֣Ѫڸ
ÿһڣ̺Ĺ֮ÿһͷУаĹϢ
üǵתȦ±Ȼ۳۵Ĺɣǡǧɣ
ǧɹ
ǹ
ǧǹ
˫Ŀ͵ϣûа뿪
üǴӻת˲Ϣʼ˼ת֮ڹȫ˿̵֣һֿһȭһǵ֮У
ʵһɲǣ϶ȸڵǿһйһĻĻ
ҲͰˣڣӿֳһĻĻеͨЩͨͬʶֱֶԺ̼䣡
ͬʱΪʮϢԵʣǹ֮۶ɲǣʶȻβһ˿˵ϵ
ϵΪ죬γ־ֶʱҲ޷׽Ҳûʱȥĥ
Ϊһ˿ϵĳ֣ηһĹ̨棬кȻͳĹȫ棡
ʶһķʽηŴ򱶣ܵĹڣһ־⣬ǹĹ־Ҳǵįһ֮
ֵʶڲϵıŴУ־ںϣȻʹ⹬Ӷ
ȽӴģɭɭȻֹӸ͵һ˫¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ھŵͼڣüĿŷķŮӣ˿ɫֱǰȥٿɭĽƣ֪ΪξɶΪ
û뵽ССȽ룬ɭȴҲû˻ᡭֻΪƻɶüͷǰ˼
ͻȻŮһ٣ǰھŵͼڵһռпɨһ㣬ɢȥ͵̧ͷɫһ䣬ĸܵһʶڷŵһɲǴԼһɨ
ʶ֮ǿʹŮ䣬Żָ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ǡ˭ʶĪǵįûбɱ
ɭǵˣǾǣǰǣѾ޸ģ¡


1473 һ֮
ԴԺˣȻɭǵǴѾ޸ģǾǣǰǣ
ͬھŵͼڣħĿ˸Ĺ̨ǰ۶ȥȻĹڣܱȥȻȴûκεġ
ɣһУҲ޷뿪ĹħкһʱͻȻǰںȻɢ
ɲУһɰʶХħһɨת˲ԶԶӶȥ
һɨ֮£ȴħȻһ£ɫ䣡ղŵһ˲䣬ʶɨУԼȫ㣬һضʶ֪Ĵ
Ȼ֮УħֱӾͣ˰գ¶𺳣
ŵһ̣ͷƤ飬ֻɢ֮УָоΨûгΪʱйƣ
˭ʶ˭ħɫ԰ףǰޣеһγ˿־塣
ħǷŮˣĹڣдʿ׷һɲǸܵһʶɨ
ľ
ʶһɰԵϢͬոӴأ
ڵ߷ͼڣ˿һ鲼ߣ˫봩͸ϵ͸档
ĹĴˣǰߣ䱾Ϊǰӵһɾ춯֮˿Եֵ
Ųߣ岽ͿɿһŵͼֱǰȥʱǰеȴͻȻһ٣˫ĿȻоһ
Ĺ־ںϵʶɨ˫̧ǰݺһץҪľʶץ
̧ʶɲǣȴһɷ־ȻֱӾײ֮£ӵŵŵźˣɫ̴䣬Ȼһ
˭
û˻شʶӣɢ֮£߸ͼ죬
ĸͼУ챾ϵͬʱǰУɫƽбԽ޾
ͻȻ֮䣬챾ɫһ䡣
Ϸ֡û˵꣬̾ͻסǹ֮ǰܵʶȻϵȥ
ϵ˫Ŀͫһʶ£Ȼǣһ飬ɵôһԵľħ
ħɫ֮ͬɫ
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ڤڤ֮Уֲ֮Уƺ˿̲ȥõı
ۣʶȻɨɲǣͻȻͣһ£Ůɫ䣬ͷ˲ڳˮ͵һ٣Ȼƶ㡣
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ֱʶȥŮӲ˿кΣĬƬ̺󣬸ӵĿһǰʶȥķ
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ˣҲһĴڣ
ѷ죬Īķ̣ʹ޷£պϡ
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ʶڹĹٽѷ˲䣬͵̧ͷںе˫Ŀ⣡
Ŀƴ͸ѷ죬ѷڣֵʶ
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ѷڣֳĬû־
ܸ˭ǳºϷлüͷƽ˵
£ֵ֮ܲͨĻͨ־ѷ죬ɲǣȻһ𣬺ԥֻ䣬Ȼ䣬ƯϿյľ޴ӡ併ֱѷ죡
һ
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ˣûгȥ֮·̫ǳ֮
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Ӵޱȵӡ˲ϢƣУֱӾѷ죡һɲǣ˵ɢһȵϢȲǻ𣬶ǹ⣡
̫֮
âĿһѷ죬͸ֱʶȥ
һ֮ǿڴ͸ѷĹɲǣȻĹȻһֵ־ʶϣ̾籩ɨʹʶȻ
һ֮
ǿĳ̶ȣȻǿյļޣ
Ĺ־į׾ͱݻ٣һ͸ѷɲǣӵڣȻһ䴫
ΨʶĹ־ڣſŵĹ־ʶʹִ˿ǹڵ˫Ŀɽ⣡
˫Ŀէֵ˲䣬ͨʶһ֮ںһһĲֺſ֮ʣĴ
𣡣
һ֮ɫ䣬ţ
籩죬ɭѪӵ˫ۻȫɲǼ䣬ӣȻѪ룬ȫдȻ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ģǰ֮
֮ڴĹأǾħֱӱûκηʸԶŰŮѪ趯֮ǰܹĻĳУУԶͣ
ŮӲҽֱӱԪɳ֪ʩչʲôͨڱ£ǿд
ˡ챾ϵͬʱѪ˲ϢƿΪҲûκεֿʸ
ΪܣбͨУԪֱóԼõ֮壬Ŀ¶캧ȻҼǰУǺԥˣҪ뿪Ĺ
䣬ֱһŵͼѷӡֱײ
һ֮


1474 
ӡûаֿľһ㣬ֱӱ
ڱӡ󣬴ѷй磬ƯǿеǺ˵
𣡣
ǡڵȻ䣬Ӿ֮£ֱһѪӷĺˣ˳˫ȾȻ
ûѪ⣬ֻа׹ǣ
ĺ۸˺룬ڲҽмˣһ̫ǳ֮ޣʩչ˾֮˿ɥ֮ȮȻ֮زز
һ֮һ֮ڽڱһ˺˳ֱ˳ڣٴαһ֮ˣת۱ûټ
ֻǳ֮⣬֪κһˣ߲ǣ
̫ǳѷ죬ڲĹУŮɫ԰ףȻѷԣֻǺ𣬾ķڣȴƣĿѷʱȥ
һΣҲһΣŮӽɲǣĶߣֵʶ֮
ʶŮϤյĴڣȴɫ˱仯
㣡仰ڵ˲䣬ȻҪպϵѷ죬ͻȻһ١
ǰŮѹ𾪣֪˿̲ϸʵʱֱѷ죬ת֮ٽѷ죬һȥɲǣתĿؿһĹģԸܵʶĴڡ
֮ɫһ뵽֮ǰطʶԼͣȫٴθ֣תѷ죡
ȥ˲䣬ѷȻʧ̫ǳ
ʶȥ֮ǰĹص־Ĺӡ꣡
ںвûȻ֪ŮӽĹǷԷ뿪᲻ɡɡҲҵһ
ڣϵ֣ʶ壬ʶĹ־ںϣ˿ϣû˰ų֮
ɫƽĿ磬ңңǰôڣ֮ǰһ֮ɭ
˿̵ɭΪǱѪģ¶ɭɭ׹ǣǲдѪڼٵ䶯ɿϻָ
ᣬǼΪѵõһΣɭˣ
κˣ˿̶ԥ֣ûУǹɭҲǹ񣬹Ӧйϣ
µһսû֮ǰֻ᲻˼֣£ɭһս֮⣬һҪԭ򣬱Ҫˣ
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ֵüģ߿ǵתĿڣħ۹ħ֮ǣֻֻôû˹֮ʶȫħ֮ǣ޷ȫ۳ף
ǣӵĹħ
ħǻطѰң֮Ĺأ⹬ڣȴǿҵ
֮ǰ²δɢһ߾߹֮ʯʬ壬˿̻һЩڣһǧɴСĹħʬ壬ǰʬڣۣ
̧ǰһץȻ䣬ħʬֱӷǰְ
ϧûħʬ壬ҲһЩħϢˡְǹħʬϣĿȻħݺᣬ˳ֱӿħʬڡ
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־ħ˳ŭ֮ӿУ˫ۣʼǰô˵ɭ
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ڤڤԼˣٴ£Ҳκδг֣ʶĹ־ںϺ󣬻õһ˿˵
ԣΪԼΪǹֲ㣡
ҪĴУҪų֣֮ΨˣǴеϢŻһӵڱƳ
ųֵ֮ķֻһ
Ŀ¶ϣܴ˿ɭ⣬ų֮ޱȣķԣĿй֮ɫɲǣȻնԼʶĹصںϣ
Ȼ䣬ʶĹ־նϵɲǣڣٴαǾ춯صų֮ͬʱǴڵ࣬һɹɴϢӿڣ
ǹ֮ǿԶԶǣӰ㲻ֿ֮ⷴͬʱ֮ǰڽƵıߣǷſһУתΪη֮£ȥǿĴϢ


1475 ڶս
һ֮֮ңıĲΪ̬
ھǧ޵УԼĹ֮壬ɹĴﵽǣ
ǹǿУǵڶʿˣڹ֮УĻ統ɽĹҪΧգпɱ˼
˵ǹǿȣʿһս
ҪǣһУǹǽٳڣڹ֮ʱµţϵǿ
ǣԺÿһǶΪѣһɹôʵᱶ˿̵֣ʿͨ׻Դֵ֮ܻûﵽȴڴһս˿·磬ⷢսʤ
ǵ֣֮ǵͿ˾ȻضãͿ˾ĴУȴǹһʿںһǿڣ
ڴܣҲһƴ֮ܰƽϴ󣬿ɾǿڴҪɱҲǼΪѣ
֮У顢ս٣ÿһڶһгкԼԲĸΡÿһ֮Ĳ࣬󣬿Ⱦ֮䣡
Ŀ棬ƽȵϣڷ֮֮ǰʮϢʱǿ𶯣֮ǰʮϢʱȫȴ޷̫Ӱ졣
֮ǰĵʮϢ±ǵʮϢʮϢʮһϢ
Ϣ˲תţ֮һ䱩ڳͬʱŨĴϢ
⴫Ϣַɣǹħʬ壬ƻֲĺڶУ⴫Ϣ̷ֿ֮
ڴ˿εķ֮£ļΪѣûз֪˽ʱպǺĻᣡ
ʮϢʮϢʮϢ
η֮Ȼﵽ˼Ϊµĳ̶ȣֵ֮ǹҲʼЩܲס
У˱ļ󣬵ǹĻָ֮ԶԶǣһ̾ͼٻָ
ֵüģ䲻ϵǴϢȴ߿ǵ֮⣬Ȼͳһģ΢
ǵڰ˿ŹǵĳΣһǵ֣ôֽΪǹ񣡣
ǹǿмΪǿĴڣ
ֻǰǹ̫ѣԶԶس֮ǰǵĳ̶ȣ˿̾ܳϸ޷
һִ˿и΢ɲͻʱɢ㣡
ͬʱǰǹħʬڣħתַĹڣ֮ǰĿ۶һŲδ̵ħǣҲȫħʬڣϢ䣬ħʯԼ˻ָļ󣬱ĲڼӲʯһЩ
ĿڣԭһƬ޹У˿â˸ƿԿڣǽҪһħǣۣԽԽ
˿̣ǰô˵ɭϢ䣬Ѫ䶯£ָ˰˳ɣ
ɭͿ˾֮壬Ϳ˾Ȼ޵Ľӽ񣬴ﵽ˰ǵ۷壬ڰ۷ڣ̫̫ͣã˵Ȼǰǵļˣ
Ϊ˳ǣͿ˾ʩչ˹һīֻʧܣʶħɭ֣
ɭռݵָ֮ԶԶ֣֮ǰһ̫֮أȻָ
ָ˳ɣȻ˿̵ļޣɲ֮ˣһ֮ɵĻչصɻָʱ޷Ȭ
ɭ͵̧ͷüİ˿ǵ㼱תĶ֮ϵ֣ɫ¶ӡ
˵ڣ˽֮ˣӵĽᵤССʿһֱӵһʦ֮ƣԼֵĻָʱ䡣
飬˵ףߣмˣ
Ҫһսұȫ㣡֮սˣŴ֮أսһΣɭУǰһȥص£ֱӾʹǹϢҶӡȱڣһô⴫й֮ڣ
ɭһλУԱԳƣ򵥵һƺȴ͸ģͬǹݣ
ɭһδΪǹ񣬾Ҳʼ϶˶ԷֻԼ䴫еʿֳΪǹһս֮ɭȻǴĿ֣ʼΪֲΪ
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ұ޳𣬴սҶ˵֮ս֮սɭˣڴɲǣǰȻһ̤ȥʱһȴɭӼͣת۾ͻǧɴСȭǰһȥ
С仯һɭ֮ǰ֣л޷ȫ򣬵ųΪǣһЩԵ֮ǧ㲻ǵļޣ
˫Ŀ磬ɭ̤⹬ɲǣ⣬Ŀڸսü߸ǵ㼱תɭһȭٽ˲䣬ֵ̧ȭǰԥһȭȥ
ͬͿ˾֮Ĺչĵڶս
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鶯ɫƽ˿ȥսȫ֮С
¶ӣĿֹĹǰǿ벻ͬ˿Ȼһ˿룬ĬУ˫Ŀʼˡ
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ֵ˲䣬⹬ҵĲҪһ㣡
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۷Ϳ˾֮ӰɭΪͿ˾һ˿ħ˿̾ħΪ꣬һУȻͿ˾
˿ȫһȭͿ˾֮ӰȻûɭͬȭһɭһֱֺͬȥ
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һȭȥͿ˾Ӱ̧ȭ֮Ȼһȭǰ
죬˿ɫ䣡ƣ˿̷Ƶ
һĻһĻ
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1476 ڶս
죬ɭȭͷһͬʱǸԵͿ˾ӰҲͬ˫ȭ
ƹձ˺һ㣬֮£ɭͿ˾ӰȫһұȻȫӺһ󲻶ϵȥһǧɣĲ֮ŰͿ˾ӰȻ
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һȭ򲻱㣬Ҿ;ʮȭһͲκμɣ޾֮ҲҪ粨ΰٵľʮȭ£ͳͳ飡
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ҲĴڣʹ԰ǵɭȻ޾壡
£Ǻ䱬ķų֮
ڣ˳һȭХͨɭȭͷһ
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Ҫ̤ôɲǣɭٽȭתǴҪ߳ķŮֱһȭȥ
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һжǵʯ䷢ɭת֡
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ټͻٴα
ڵķԽԽͣǴϢַͬգü֮Уǵڰ˿ǵҲԽԽ
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˵ҲˣһĿֿԲҪ
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1477 ŴУ
һȭһָ˫ĿصɲǣѸıһȭγޱ޼ʵĲƣⲨ𶯶ɢ֮ʣΪģܴغ鿪Ƶض
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뿪Σ
뿪ɲǣǵ֮ϵȻжϣΣױΪʯٴڡ
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ֱ˫ۣȡͿ˾ֵľ޴黯ͷ­ɢ֮ɫƽ˫ۡ
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1478 ؼң
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֮ϽǼ䴫ţŹţĬƬ̺ǰ͵һ˦ֱɭȥ
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Ϊ䴫УԲһУƿ˷ӡռͿ˾ʼѰҡڼḶ́ǿɬ
εĻ룬ԼһգԴϳ䴫УԼĴٳκֻǣôҲû뵽Լļ䴫УȻб黹һ죡
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һĴУǰȴ֪ԼһѰ֮Լ˵ǶԣǴ
Ϳ˾ҵ֮Ҿ֪Լһ˿ħֻ䣬棬Ǽ١
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Ŀ˸̧һӡǣһģӡֱӻûʧӰɢɲǣĹһŸͼããȻһХд̲սһ㣡
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ӡ֮ʧ˲䣬ϵ˼۵ɻһǵǰһ
ͬʱȥͬһ̣ǹڳĬɭ˾ģеļ䴫Уüģ
ڣɽ£Ե̰Ǳĵط˿貵ǿУͻȻһѷϢĳ֣һӰһ߳
ӰֵһɲǣһɾƴںһϮѹƵѹ֮ǿ
³ӣһĸܣ붨Сѣ
Ȼǽ̫ǳǻص˽졭ؼˡѷİӰĬ꣬¶һ˿Υ΢Ц


1479 սе
ڣһƬŵ֮Уһİʮſɵİ⣬ʿ󣬲ϵ̴ӡǡ
ԶХʿһָ£ããǺѡ˴ǣǿ
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ûϸĥ̾͸ܵɢɨѹѹ£³ɫȻ䣬Ѹվӣ¶𾪣ֱĶԶĿƿԴ͸һУңңĿ̤֣
ֻǣûȿ̱һڤڤ֮еĴʶ֮ڣ˲Ϣңʱǰһһжģ
³ɫٱ䣬üͷ
˭ӣֻʶܸоЩʶӦûдﵽΪģϣȴľ֮У
ڣֻ³һˣķ˿ϥĸߣ³͵ɫı仯̾һ𣬷׷վӣ³ӡ
ĸߣڴˣһ۾ͻϳǾǵϤ֮ޣ
ɵӡ걻Ρ˵ӡҦ棬׷ɱֱˮº˻ָѪӣ
⣬һˣƶ
ƶǵȥǣֳϦ֮ƭ˼ȫ·ˣ
ǰ֪˺£Ӹ³ã˿̿Էɫ֮䣬ɵһԥһ£ȭʵ
ӵĿأĬһ˿֮Уǰ³Уǿ޷ĵڣǴ˵֮ˣؼ亱öԷʧ̬
ֻ˻ûȵõ³ӵĻ̾͸ܵһѹȻʹңԶǿպɨ
ѹ֮ǿϾͬһɴֱײ˲Ϣɫ䣬֮£ѹоһҪĴ
ѹһţһɲǵĽ٣ȴɫ԰ףȻɫ䡣
ģǲµ⴫˵еĴڣ³ʧ̬ԭ
³ɫĿһһԸðգΨôһΣɭǰ˴Щɥ˵º󲻵òɥ֮Ȯһɭ
ʶ˺¸ǽǷѹ֮ǿľ˿̲ԸڲǰԲ̽ʶ֮³ӳ˲þϷҪ˭Ϊ£
˹ǣ²˼Ѹڶĸϥ˫ʩչһһͨͨ³ڣ˲ϵУȻԲ
ǵ֮£ʱһƬ׹⼱˸׹м䣬ԽԽƬ֮󣬾ͻһĻˮİɫӣ
ɫöϳŤƣģ³Ŀһʳָ罣ֱӾ͸յǻûˮ֮ڡ
⾵沨Ȼ٣ŤƽϢܿھ͸ֳһƬǿգǿһ°׷֮ˣߣ
ǰȥܵһУоϤ쾡ܲˣֵȴ̫㼣
֪֮ˣʱǷڡ̾ͻȻüͷһ壬̧ͷһϿ貵ǳĿͫͼһ

һĿڵͼֱӺХֱͫӻûǿպͼٵɲǣƿޣǺ¡¡ľУ֪ȥ
³ɵþֵ˲䣬ڿǰ°׷֮˵ɲǣ˴ֿڳ˵Ļ
֮£õľֱӾͱһֱӴþڳɨء
һ죬þֱӱķ֮¸аĳɢ³ɫٱ䣬ǰһ˦ĳУգ
޾һ֮£գϵغ죬˰˷ʿ̧ͷȥʱǿƺȡͬ׽ٽ٣
һѪӼˣ¶޷֮ɫд˿һźڷ
֣֣ǰ׷֮˵ӣԶҲ޷ǶԷӰ
ͬѪӺɫ͸Ȼ𾪣ֽӴ࣬һȸʥڣǱֱѹ̫
˿һ۾ͿǰˣȻһһһʱ֮䣬˵仰
֣ȻѪɫɲǲ԰ףԼһĻôҲ޷󣬵һ㱻Լ׷ɱˮֹͻԼеСȻӵѹ
ƶɫҰһƬΪ˿̺Ԫڤڤ֮е֮ģһѷ졣
֣ƶ¶֣һ뵽ģǵԼǿȡ˶ԷȫҴǽΪԷӵ壬һȴǽ˴
ԭҸû⣬־ΪٸߣңҲѻʯһ㣬˵չ꣬д˴ڣ˸ǡ
ǰ˵ΪƶѹĿ־壬³ӡ
³ɫΪ̧ͷǿԶɢİˮ֮󻺻ڣ֡Ϸˣڣ֮أϷ
ɫһĨӣ³ջĿ⣬
ΪûϷûаտսʤ֮飬Ϸ򲻻ᣬɱƽ
仰УǳĬ
Ŀ˸ɫƽʶûг֮һһЩСڣʶƶȴһ˿òɢ
սӣɫ仯֮̾һ
ŵģѪƶˡ
Ƭ̺ƶ³ȥ֮ȭӵĿǰһۣתߣҪϢܵĴңȫ׼һ³Ӷûаսʤĵˣңʲôս뵽ƶֻš
Ѫӣ֮ĬĬϥ£ҳȥ


1480 ѷ
ɫƽĿϷ貵ǿջأΪĸ֮ܵǰǿεĲ£ʩչԼ
ҵĹѾ˺ܶ˵ע⡭Ҳã¶΢ЦڵʸΪȥһ顣
Ǳ֪Լ˵Ҳν
ŲǰããǿУֲ죬ÿһǿԽϤǿգĬĬȥ
ֵǰԶǿУ˿һȺʿХһŨ⣬һ˿һ֮Щʿ˦ת۾ͳһ㽫Ӵס
Ⱥʿ֮УһӣĿ磬һΪȻ˾Բòϣ˫ڣǾһεߣʹôϸʢ
һЩһͬĪҪ𻵣ĻɵﵹС£Ӱ챸սǾ͵øԻؼұչȥˣ
ʿףƺƵĴ鿪ǽʿУ˷׷¶Ц⡣
սңǱչްսһٮٮߣȥչأ
ƽʱѵչصҲûʲô±ս֮ʱһսǱչأɲİ
ս֣˵˷ĴȫսȴƺΪףҵ಻⣬ƾʲôҪƺϢ
ЦصתԪ֮£ǶرԭĹ켣˵ק£ǰƮȥ
ӣսңͬһϸӣǰȥʱЦ³ǰ֮˶£սĳ֪Ҳ࣬ϢٲҪǣʲô
³ӣʿһ¶ȣй³ӵ飬սҲǽЩ֪У³Ӿǿߣػ֮ˣ³Ӵڣ첻
ˣսһ̾Щ˲ãսҵ˫Ŀڣֻ𾴣ûаȣƺĿȣںܶǰѾһȫȡߡ
ЩǿȵĿ⣬ںܾúܾ֮ǰսҲйҲΪ֮ѪֻǸһ仰ͿΪȥһ飡
Ǹ˵ĿȣûΪµŶɢΪԽӵ˽⣬ǸݵŨ
ֻǣʲôطսһ˿غ׷䣬ʱ£һĻĻ
Ǹ˴߹ӰĳԼ⣬깫깫սһЩ깫ԣ˶ԿԽӼҡ
ʿ磬ǰķٶԽԽ죬ǣǿֱǰ
Ƭ֮ͻȻʿǰһӰԶڿʿһ٣ͣ˰գĬĬȥ
˵ĳ֣ʱЩʿע⣬սңɫһĿɨȥֻΪԷӡ
ЩŹ֣ҽһЩսһǰʶ
˫ԽԽӽǰʼûκξٶֻƽվעȺʿһ
û˿Կ˵ӣϣƺһĿɨŤԷڵλãһкڶһС
ֱʿǴӰ߳׵Ĺȥ˲ɿ
Ϊ򵥣ӣӦò֮ˡ
Ĵıݱ򿪣໥ֻ֮Ҫ·Ϳ⴩󣬴Ӧ򡣡
ŽԶȥսתңңһֱĬĬûȥİˣüͷ
ˡЩϤ
ǰȺʿڵսңи׷䣬ԷӣȵϵһЩ׳ڣսΪԼԸߣȴԼ֮һ˿ԴĿУųһ亹ǰԼΪһĻĻ¶΢Ц
ܿˣΪһ¡΢ЦУתԶȥ
ܿġ
ԽԽԶʿ֮ľ룬ı޾ˣսʼüͷʿĻҲûŶԷʧĿеӰϤĸоʼջļ䣬ɢ
ϤսҳĬתʿǰȥȴһֱ˼ϤĸоԺδ
УǰģӰϵظ֣ת֮һͷ׷˦ҲԺһ
һˣսüģʱüĵͻȻһ٣ԺǰģӰǼмΪ̵һˣصȫںϵһɲǣսкһʮͬʱ͵һ
¶֮ɫʶת֮ɫ̾ͺ˫󣬶ݵĻУԼ
ǡ
սûκԥ˫͵ؾǰһȥһ㣬ɲǼֱԶȥķļ۶ȥ
ͻȻж̾ǽʿ׷
սҼչȫٶȣȻԽ޾ǿգǰǺããȴûֵӰ
ֱãսͣ£¶ɬ
Ϊʲôһվá
ʱţսҳĬǰǿĬĬһݣ̾Уתȥ
һƬտǿգΪҲ󶼲㣬һŲǣɢ͵Ĺâǿתš
ϣռ߳ɣ½رɢķɢԶԶȥͬһεˮ
ǣ
ҲʿΪߣӤߣΨˡ£ߵһɽ嶥Ӥʿվһǰ
Ǹ޵֮ˣǷʦƽɽ嶥һʯ̨֮ϡ
һǰ˰ٶꡣ
һУֻʦһ仰
֮һûκεӣ֮򣬿ΪӣɽƣҲκεֻͨһ򣡡
߻˫ۣûȥǰӤʿԶߵϼĬĬĿȥ
°ɡǣʦġʦδ飬ϵһݡһľһɽһˮ˭Ҳȡߡ
±ս֮УɵھͻȡǣǡӤʿУһ¶ʱʯ̨ϵĿһɨ
һĿ⣬Ӥʿһ𣬲˵˹ȭȥ
߳ĬյĲĬĬãʱХĻγһƬƬƣס죬ס⡣
֮ԶĻɳɳ䣬Զһ٣İڡ
ˮܴɽ嶥಻ϵ죬ĻУҲģˡҲܴ󣬴ˮɨʪȴڲסգȴĿ⡣
һ̾Ϣؼ䱻紵߶ߣȻһ¶֮ɫ
Ҽǵáֽл࣡


1481 
꣬ɽ
ӭض䣬ɽʯϣöֻ֮꼱Щ֮£֣Щˡ
з磬һĻĻˮ嵭һ˿ңһɽĺƵ֮ƣ
УɽһϮ²֪ʱ֣֮£ǷУĬĬվɽǰʯ̨ϣߡ
ûȥֹˮʪûȥ統֮ʱĲԸˮ־ĬĬվС
ˮʪ·˿˿⴫壬ʪͷ׷ϣȴû¶Ǳ֮⣬еģֻһĻΪȻ־ɽأһһľһ
ֵϣ΢Цʯ̨ϵߡ
ʦ𣡣վйˮϣ˳۽£ֲˡ
һ˰꣬ٴλصǣصѰ֮⵱꣬µļӡ
лֵ࣬һ˵һĻ棬Ϊ˵Ĵڣʹֵ⾳Բ
ʶһ˿ʹͽ֮ġ
֣Ҳû뵽֮ǰһ˿͵ĵӣȻǵĺɽϣһ˰ꡣ
˰ʱ䣬лָ⾳ĬĬ׷Ѱ˼Уƾ䵱Ϊ׼ʦǻۣΪνͻͽ
ֻлûκι֮ͨ·ؼʿֶһ
ޣǵͨںϣƾͨ⾳
л࣬ȫȫֻͨ⾳
˿̵л࣬ΪһѷɽѾ;ƿݵıԵȴǰ磬ʹ
ܴ˰ĸȴл⾳ȻѰʿ˰һУ
⾳ۣǿʿлǰҲ޷ƥУ⾳Ȼֱָﵽ˳ĵز
һֲзһ弫˵һлֻ࣬⾳
лڣûԪûԪӤһʿӦôڵȫûСеģֻǰĻ꣡
лԼҲ˵ԭ֪һеķţֻ͸ĸ֮УĬĬĸ˰˰ꡣ
޻ôл࣬Ĭ
ߣ³ɣߣѰң⡭޵ߣӡ֤ԴΪ޻ߡԻؾʦ
µˮδϣЩڡ
лʯ̨ϣɫã¶֮ɫˮϣʪӺܲлãʶ̧۳һС
ӡǣغȻһ䣬ȴˮںɽı˷ͬƿһ㣬ܡ
ҡͷ㻹ûȫķһͨ
л࣬㿴ɽ֮п赲ˮ١㿴źӡ󺣣ˮʱаų֮⡭㿴һһľһеһУҵ֮⣬ȥֹˮߣ
޻꣬ϧһƤңԣӹ档ߣʵ̫̫١ΪʦҲĸ֡˹֮ڻص֮ʱȴ˶򡭡
ӹ棬ҪһһľһɽһڣƣΪصһ֡⣬Ƿӹ棡
лһĺһЩʲô
̧ǰһӣʱлСɢˮû赲ٴơ
صһ֣㻯Ϊ죬Ϊأ꣬ʵҲͬѪҺΪҪȥֹǡ
硢ꡢѩףȵһȻ֮ǣҲ㣬˴ˣ谭˰ʱ䣬㻹ûг׵Ҹ컯һķֻʣһƵ֮ʱȥѰҡ
ų˼л̧࣬һץһץ֮£ɫ䣬ƵǹƺСǵˮȻƻһ㣬˷Х
ת֮£޾ˮ纣һٽɽȻ໥ںһ𣬻һѸԼɵľ޴꽣
ּ䣬꽣콵٣Ȼ£ʹɽɣ¶Ĳ֣ԼǧɸߣԶĿˮɵĴ󽣣
һɺƵ֮꽣ɢصͬʱǴɢǿ֮У
꽣͵˲䣬˫ָǰһ㣬üĹǵȻ˸һɹ֮ͬʱ׻Դ˳˫Ŀ˸꽣֮ڣ
һ򵥵һˮ֮ڣ̺ɵıԴֵս֮ƣƣδɢ̫㣬ȴ죡
д˽ڣиðߣƽȴһֲɵп龳ĴܣѽڸܵϵϢҲԥΪһԴ֮޽սǷֵáǵŵѹǿģ
˽㳹֮󣬱Ϊʦ֮񣡡
лһۣתɽأһȥӰˮУģԶȥˡ
лĬĬȥڵϣͷ
꣬ɽ˽нԶͣӹ򡭡жڡ
ϣѡǨƶߣûκγƴδ
뿪ˡ
ص죬Ҫȥĸطļ£µһطһѾɣ貵ǿУֵ˫Ŀһ˿ɱ
桭֮£ѵ˶֮ʱִһ˦ӰֱϦ֮ʧȥȫǶȥ
ǿڣȥʱ󣬾ǧ⣬ããǺڣһʮʿڵһƴ۵Ӵ£ֱǣ
ǣɵ֮ˣѰҷҪǣǴ˵߽
ǣҪ´ǿаǨķһʿ׼ŲǣֻǣǸո̤ǧﷶΧɲǣȴ̾ĸܵһĽ⣬ˮһ
⽣֮ǿԱǿգǴͷӱ⽣һ壬̾ɫ䣬һѪӵˡ
ʿͬʱѪһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ뵹ˡ
Ҳʮʿ⽣֮ʱϣȥ֮󣬺ɽϥлϿգһŤ£Ϣ䣬߳һˡ
һߣһۣȻ³ӣ
Ը֣ʶܵ꽣ʱѡȥȻƮڰüͷĬƬ̧Ǵɽľ޴꽣һָȥ
ûκϢ³Ӹ꽣һһ̧ͷ˫Ŀ¶һ˿Ȼ
ϢƣȫͬϢ£ϷȻľ⡭ѽڣȻСԴ


1482 ң
³ӵ𾪸Ũ²⣬ۿһľ
ܿ죬ľɢ³Ŀһ¶Ц
ûдﵽֻҪûұ㲻ϷһսԴΣçѣϷҲˣòϷ֪ڴʲôĴڣУ³ȥʼնûȥ·лһۣУؼһ飬ϣһ

ǣ֮أڵֱ꣬ŹйشǵһĻĻš
ûй̶֮λ춫ڻƮУΪԲָҪããǺҵƶĶǣҲһΪѵ顣
ʹʶɨҲ֮ϵ칹죬޷չֳѰҴǣھ󲿷ʿ˵Ψۡ
֣
˿̣Ķڣһ˴ĿľƮǿУһ֮أ͸֮ɫһǿѹɢǿգƵ
ǣ
ǲǵΧмʮС͵ǣǱ˴˻ܣתŶǶ
һƬƬ󷨹â˸ܣ⼸ʮС붫һԶԶȥͬһӴ
˿̣ⶫϵȫʹϵش֮죬ңңĴǿա
ԿǶļʮСϣ˿̽˸ȴʿڼٵγɸ󷨽Ƶͬʱӹⶫǵķ֮
ŵգǧʿϣĸܵ
ʿûκ˿ڣȫ˴λİ⼸ʮС֮ϵȫ󷨣Ȼ
ÿһСڣϥ֮ڣЩﵽ˽٣ÿһڶ͸ɣȻǴãײ
˿̣ǲò֣ΪҵĴƶͻһ𺳺ȻľϢ
걻֣һ³ӶɵΪˣ
һϢΪ֮һڶݵĳĬҵϣ̾ͷ˶Ѫ
ڣǰеİƽʱٳ֣ʿҲкܶ඼ֻ֪֪壡

ңǶɱպգ֮һ
ңû֮ȴΪó֮˵ĴĴûԪһднȴ֮˱ڽϣ輫
ǵȫƣ㶼Ҳ£
ңƷͨѪͨ뷨ںһһ־֮ŴӴڣֻùһΡ
һεʩչȴ춫Ϳ̿һ㣡
˴ɱϣ̵ֲķ벻ϵǿ󣡵ʵϣڣֻвһЩϹ֪壬ʵϣȫҵķ֧
ң˵ڣϹʱڵУǿһһҾɵԿɵпܴƣȻǰǲ³ڡ
ңͬһ˯Ȼԣһѣ죡
ʶҵһƶΪ㣬ͬԱ³ѡΪڵ֮һ
³ѡӣÿһ⣬Ѫӡӣˣ
һЩϹУһţţйأȴ޷֤ʵ٣Ψ³Ӳ֪⴫ŵα
УصΨһһԶŵ壬һ˿ϵһЩбĺ壬ңصľ϶֪Զһ֧
ҵĴڣΪԶż壬Ż
Զ壬ڵɽ֮ʱѾںܾãϹʱڣһֱϣĻʵ޷
ǸĪ⣬ѵ˳죬Щӣ³ӵƶ£˵ĴսУصԶż壬Ҳһگɳһ˶ѡ
گΪɣɳˣ»ĵھųһľӡ
ǣѪ£ȫչ˲˿̣ⶫϣ֮ء
һƬ죬УѪ͸ɢѪȵϢ΢һ֮Уþòɢ
ΪѪ̫ŨʹһУһɱŰ֮⡣
֮һƬ಻ϵҷظڣĲ֫ϱۣɭɭ׹ǣǹͷڸõ⣬һͷͷͺӥջһЩͺӥڰ׹ϣʳ⡣
֮أ죬ԶԶȥＸһ޴Уٵʿ᲻ɵ𶯡
޾֮꣬⼫֮ػصԹ
ֵΨһһ棬չ֮
ԽȥɫԽڣ޷ڣˣҪ֮£ҲȻ
ÿһεĵǵᱻߣȥʱѰشɡ
£µߣɫĴԶ⼫֮صͣ¡
һߣźɫĴرȭ棬һжѾķԸɣֵֻ
ߵ͸أŵصص뵽ƬصĵײһпյӴռڡ
Ƭռһȥûоͷеģֻ޾ͷγɵͷְ֮˷
Ƭͷ֮м䣬һͷһ߹ײġײɫƣܻһЩطãһɹŨŨĻˮ֮ڳ˳Źľ£·ͷϣ졣
ǺߵƱ΢ܶ࣬ľڣڶݵļž֮һɳƵľڻ
ӵܺãܺáһζ˺ܾáҲȷ컯ȫʧûȥ
°ɣ³ԴЩˣӻûдﵽǸΣ³֮˵̽һʼմڵһ²⡭£ް
𶯣صǹײ֮˲ɳƵĻ˿ڴ֮ǰƶصϢ𺳣ִͷ֮У˿ƽǿҵ죡
˵ް£;ֲ
ֻǣǹײڵڣˣ˿ûв˿̣ⶫǿУһµӰ
֣ˣ
ңңǱ󷨹âĶΧǼʮСǣֺƻص˵꣬Լˮ£ƶĵһһĻĻ
أֵУ¶캮â


1483 £ް
£ް
򵥵ĸ֣͸һɲϵţֻǣ֮ˣ˵仰һɲǣȴ˿֪֣Ѿˣ
֪һУ򵥵ĸ֣Ҳ޷˵ˡ
վڶ֮⣬Ŀ⾡ͷӴı֮ǻҪСǣеɱԽԽŨ
Ľϣڣһ·ƴɱ֮ǷһսڣɷţȡϹҵһγŵ
ֱӴΪУֻĽѡ
ϣƶ·£һⶫǣݼ棬ֻǣԷıûĽѣȫ
ָʧȥ
ʱգΪǿ֪Ľ񸴻Ѷȣ䵱֮£һж٣ԷûĽ񸴻Ϧ֮Ҳ޷ǱףǾĽ񸴻ϣᱻ³׻
νϦ֮ע룬ʵºȥĽɢҪԭ֮һ
ԷҪԼ֮࣬Ľ
ֵ뷨ΪĽעûȷӿĽһЩܲ˼Ѳ֪֮ڣҲǺ޿ܣ
նľٶȴǰһȫЩ飬ʱְΪδȫãʱţǧֻ֮ȴǿĺޣȻ죡
һУʼԷͺ
ֺ֪һУΪʲô
ΪʲôƭԼԸĽ壬ԼȫһУһԭģ
֣ǱݣûʸȥԭûʸȥһУֻ̣ϵȥǵޣĵסͬټңһ
죬ֵڶοⶫǣȻ֪һеʸ
ɱŨǰһȥһ֮£ǿպɵľ룬һֱ֮ӿԾ
֮£ֺȻͳⶫǧ֮⣡
ǿ𶯣㲨纣һΪܺɨƶͬǿһ籩¡¡Ĳɢ
һ̤ǿյ֮ϣǣ
ǼСڣڵǧʿһɫȻ䣬ĸܵһɾ޴ĳǿն¡¡֮֮˶ǵĽ֮ϡ
ƹâ𣬾ҵ˸֮£âɣͬһ̫һ㣡
񡭡һɲǣ⼸ʮСϵʿȫƺһɻȻ֮ڣٵתԪ·ˣǵͻǿյ£֮
վڶ⣬Ŀ磬ڳֵ˲䣬ſƽ˵һ仰
֪˭ĳ
仰ֿдɲǣ̾



һ仰йǧķŭһ仰ֶҶȡԼĺ⣡
һ仰˵Ľ󣬷ƭľ֮
һսжҦһ׷ɱңնթƭϾĽָ֮ȥԼͬʱҪһѾŮӣ飬޷ܣ
ܽܣ
ǿڷĻص䣬ѹ֮ǰһһǿھ춯أ
ǿգһ仰֮£һ¡¡Ļߣת֮䣬޾ǿգȻΪ׳ص
һ仰˺䣬ƿ鿪ǿգһ㣬ǰĴȥͬں𣡣
֮ǰһγɵķ籩ʲô˿һ仰Уķ籩ȡһ𣬴ֵķߣֵŭֵĺޣǧһʣ
Ƕ⼸ʮСϣƹâ˸ȴоſǣһ֮£Ȼ
¡¡ľ쾪죬춫ǾŸֱ߽⣬ķѵͬʱפصʿ׷֮Ԫ
ſǰѳ󷨵Ķʮ߸ߣҲû˿ĵֿ֮ںȻУ类һֻεĴĨ
ߵʸǧһ£Ҳ޷ڰ㣡
С֮ϣǧʿһѪƺǽڲϵֹĳУȻನ룬ʹЩʿ𶯣һ޷ֿĿ־壡
УǶȻһϴ£ѷ죬ɽȻΪʯһ
ǶǱĴ󺣣Ǻ˷һγ˾޴Уٴ󺣵ɲǣһˣֱ뺣ףƶ⺣ˮǰУ˺Хͬʱǧɴˣ½ûȥ
ˮֱ½أҪ⵽׳ڸǣ
Ǽ֮أ񼸺Ǹһɣ̾⾪֮𣬶Ӿ𣬺ӭ汻һɴ룬ֱӵ˰ɣѪͬʱһֱȻҽѪ˰ɫĴϡ
ǵصӴͷ֮ռڣֵĺУ䴫𶯣Ʊֻֿסֿһ㣬ת۾һֺȻ֣
ռڵĴͷ­뱬Ҳе⼱ˣƲӰʱ䣡
ɫĹײģͨһ𣬹ײĸֱӱ˺󷽵ǽϣķѣ
һͺû˸ӵĹײĺͬʱһֻɿݵֱ֣ӾʹǹײĿԱߵĹľ
ϣѪĺߣ¶޷ݵľ֣û˿ԥѸУһɫмٻû
󣡣ϧһдֹۣ˽붫ǣ
һǿϢ˲ϢӶڼ۶ռ˶ϱ˴ʿտȥӴĶϣ˿ʿȻ
ռڣʿڵϣһӴ󷨽ƣмʮϥڰգ˫ּ֮£ѪǵѪҺһ𣬺ȻͻһѪӰֶ
ϲռڣͬǽʿ£мһǧɴСľ޴ѪأѪһɷĳʿ˿һɫأٵһһѪڡ
ռڣÿ߸ʿһ飬ȻռǧÿһʿԣһʮɸߵķЩӸ죬ȴɢâ
һܼ֮ǴӰ¿ȥĿʿһ޴Ŀͼ
ͬʱʣµļʮСǣ֮â˸£ȻתŶǣԼٶȺתת۾γһ޴УѶذڣ
ǰһУһ˿⣬һȥ
Ȼ㲻Ǿĳȥקһ赲ߣᣡ


1484 ³ӵĴ
ǰȥɲǣⶫ֮Уʱһ
Ļ
ħɣ
˷
һУתؼʮСڣǧʿȻ䣬һĻֱӻûΧ
ת˲֮УĻǧ㡢㡢ʮ㡢ǧ򡭡ֱǧŰپʮ㣡
ǹĻɢĹâԴ͸ǿգŰ˷ɢ춫λҲĿǿⶫ
Ϊ֮Ȼһǵʿһ壬һԶǨƶߵʿ˿ȫܵ춫ǿ⣬׷ײĿȥܿңԶ֮ıʣȴԿǹâ޾֮ңң
ڣ붫ǼԶ֮ıս֮أѾӵٶŵɵģתڣ³Ŀ磬Զ
ԣӡѪӡɫ԰ףǸܵ˶ϴ޾â
ǵ󷨣ϹţҴŶΪ飬һȫڲˣ֪ܷƿ
Ϊ֪Ϊξ˿ֲĳ̶ȣˣҪƿⶫ󷨣ҲһЩʱ䡭
ңҪƿ󷨣ҪϢ³ĿʼԶѾ˴𰸡
ʮϢ㹻ҵҪ֣ܶƿ
ǧĻɲǳ֣γһɾ³ҲҪʮϢſƿľǿ֮󷨣Ȼǵڶ֮ͨеļ޴ڣΪ˵˥Ҫһƿ󷨣ǲܣ
ĿƽĶǹĻ˲Ϣ𣬴ﵽһּΪǿĳ̶ȣ¶һ˿Ц
ˣ˼һЩ̶ֳֻȣǲ
̧һָգ֮£ü߸ǵȻתһɺƵĹϢ˵ϢֱӾʹڱ
Ϣһǿգ̾ǿŤ˺ѵķ϶ƺϢ£ǿ޷ܣ
ţ֮ҪǿĴڣ
Ǵӵ֮зϢɲǣֵȻһ޴Ӱû֣
ӰһƬģһͷ­һûĿͷ­
ͷ­֮󣬸һ־ڸǿգȡǿյһУѹɢܵͬʱɢ춫
Ϣһʿ׷׺Ȼľ˳Ĳ˼Ĵһ㣡
ǰڵ³ӣңңӴͷ­һɲǣ˫ͫ͵һ¶޷֮ɫ
⡭ǡʲô񣿹ħ
ŵĴڣκһ˶֪³ӣҲǵһο
ɫƽָ̧յ֣ȭڷµһɲǣǰǾǧĻĸһȭ
𣡡
ǿһһȭ£ת˲֮Уһõȭͷûǿ֮УõȭͷɴСָסȥ
ת֮£öľ޴ȭͷǾǧĻ֮ϡ
ǹĻһȭͷµɲǣʱâ˸ض𣬻һ
û˿ĵֿ֮ǹĻ޴ȭͷ£ǧ򡢰ǧǧǧ򡭡
ͬȭͷˮ棬ĺڣǲϵı߽У⴫ϹŵĴ󣬺
£һϢ䣬󷨣ױ޷ֹõȭͷ£ʹȭͷֱӴ͸Ļھǧ㣡
˺ѣƬ¶ǼʮתУбƬײ̾ͷ죬ǼʮǸǳ˴ѷ죬Ҫ֮һͬһ㡣
һлûнֵһȭǹں˵Ŵкľһ
ǹĻ󷨣ͬһֽһȭ俪ʮ֮һ
ǹ񣬵֮ͿһսССĶǣܶԿ
֮£õȭͷֱӾǶУ죬Ȼ䣬һȭĴ򱬣
ֱӱ
γеǼʮǣһ֮£ʮϴ𣬹𣬱Եλøǳ鿪ļɲǼ䣬ͺһֱķѣ
ʿ׷У˺Ԫ񣬻ЩάΪߣһ޷ӳ˽٣ȫĨȥ˴ڣһ߽ͬ⣡
ֵöɴСһȭֱӳڣĶǣȥ
ȭͷǰеĹУµʮǣ֮£ȴȭͷɲǣ׷ױ
ۿֵһȭں俪һ֮󣬾ҪǣʱǶǱҽʿ֮һļХȴϥʿ׷ѪǵѪҺӿмǼʮϣʱ⼸ʮȫ
ɲǼ䣬⼸ʮߵͬѪſƤ¶Ѫܣ
ѪӰ飡
˻֮УǼʮȫ䱬ƬѪֱм䣬Ѫ֮£һѪڴţһѪӰֱӳֱնȥ
ѪӰȫģӣϣȴ޾󷨽ƵϢĴ
˿̵ĶǱգһƬеĹâһ޴ȭͷȡȻǻһȭȻ˶ϣ
ȭͷ£ѪӰ۶ȥֱȭͷ
ɲǼ䣬ѪӰڲϵٽ£һ춯صļХУöĵһȭһ
Ǿҵ죬ɲǼصǣ޷赲ɢߴ͸춫
컹ûɢȴѪӰһȭ֮£ֱӱѪ꣬ɢд
Ѫ껹ûأǵһȭڸΪҵĺ£ЩѪ꣬ս٣˶ǱĴ֮ϣ
͵һ𣬱ĴزǽʿȫϣһɴСӣ
֮󣬺ȻⶫǵصɣǿһƬɢŨŨѪ֮ⶫǸҵ£ûбȴ˸ǿҵĺХǺˮ£Ȼĵ棬պܵǣһ󲿷˱ӣµĺˮ綫֮꣬أ
ܿ죬Ǳһȭӣ㱻ˮ룬Ӱ¿ȥܱ߼Ϊ緲һȭϵ״һһ
Ϣ
һȭ󷨹ĻСȫֱⶫǱᣬһ޴ӣһУǰϢ
³У͵شϥվ¶𾪺ȻԼֵķһ޴Ĵ󣡣
ûдﵽһȭ֮˿ֲϢϢ³ӵ˲ϢƷ֮ǰ꽣жϣУֵλ޵ߣȻԼƽĳ̶ȣ


1485 ԶگԻ
ǣ˿˺֮Уǻˮڴأγɺӣγɽɢ
һȭ֮ʹöɽͬʱ飬һ˺ѵķ϶³Ϊ˺ˮµĺ·
صıӵĳ֣ʹµĺ꣬ͬٵᣬһжʪˡ
һȭĲǴأģ
ϲңǽʿ˿ȫһ¶δйĿֻ޷Կľ
ҵļĳϣ׷סˡ
ǡʲôΪ
Ϲ󷨶޷ֹеǱųĶǣһȭҲ
һȭѾǵ˵ô֮䣬Ȼڵܵķ롣
ңǽʿγɵһ飬ͬ£Ŀǰһȭ䣬һĻĻ
ˣȫĬˡ
ǣܷٳһΣһȭ
Ǽ֮أҵˣ˿̻չ֮⣬գˮϣǵģһľ֡
ƶɬ㶵һУ˵仰
ŵһĻʵ̫ˣ˵ǿĴڣǣȥԿȥֹ
ң볤ϵĿ⣬ʿͬʱ
ϲңͬˣеĿ⣬˼֮ˣҲ֪˭һĿ⿴չ֮λأˣȫĿ⿴ȥ
ڵȣһ仰սǽ
ֻǣûȵȵԼĻǵȵУһĨаѩӰ
ǣǰʧȥһзʹУĳգĿ磬ɨؼ֮
ǹײôƽĿڣ仰ﲢȴÿһʿУ򵥵һ仰˿̸ʿһεѹ
սףһɳƵǼ֮չ֮Ȼ͸޾ľ
һһ˫ͨ죬˻֮գֱֳȥǵɫ͸񣬺Ǳһ仰Ĩȥֻʣ˲һеɱ
ϲңʿһͬʱɥʧһ㣬գ
Ƕңǽʿʩչһ޴ķɲǼ䣬֮âͬһֱ߰գֺȥ
ͬʱ˸ʩչһ֮ϥ֮£֮˶
Ѫ˵ͺ𣬻һ޴ֱӳգţʿһһĻ㣡
Żĳ֣ȴһ޴ĻɫȻû˵ϣƣλȴһƬɼһ㣡
ֵĿ£ȴĿǺȻʿһſͷ­
һɲǣʿͷ­µĲӴǵԽԽҵʱͳһѪߣɲǼ䣬Ѫһͷ­ϿѪ֮ǰںһγһɾ춯֮
ɴСľ޴˲ȻһĻĻѪ⽻֮âֱ֮Ӵӵַıƽ
ԶԶȥͷǵ汬һɴϸľ޴ֱ֣
һɻ֮ڼٵɢǹУһͷӰӰȫףһѳǹǹڼ۶ȥ
ڲ֪ͨ£ȻѾ˵˥ʿļޣȻ޵Ľӽ˵ܵͨ
˵ڵϢȻ޿ȵڵһһУǹеͷӰ
͵ת˫ĿɨȥǹٵɲǣͷӰǹٶ̫죬Ȼٽֲɣ
ƺκĻᣡ
֣Ҳûдȥ㣬˫Ŀһ̧ǹٽ˲䣬ǰһ
֮ⶫϼ𣬻Ű˷ǹֱӾ֣ͷ֮ˣеĳǹ֮⣬Źһ֮ͬڣ
صһͷ׷ͬɨʱǼĳҪ˺һ㣡
ֵӣȴһɫҲûа仯һƣͽӽ˵ܵһ
Ǻ¡¡ľ£Ʊ˺·Ĵϣѳһ޴Ĺ֣⹵ֲϵ˲Ϣ䣬͸˶ǵĵز㣬ʹöĴأȻķ뿪
ǴԶȥĿǺ£Щ򴩵Ķǣ䶫ֱѿһɴƶ£˶ǣһ޴ƬʩչѪʿʬ壬⼱ֱããǺ
ǣʱȱʼ˴Χı
ǹʧУڵͷӰҲ֮ɢ
ʼûк˰벽ֱǹǰɢȥջ֡
֮ͨЩϧˡ
ɢǶɲǣ򷽲һսףⶫǴ˿̴ڵȫʿ
ֱֶǺ˫ۣƺɱ֣;ģ
һɱ¾࣬ңɱ˵ġ䲻֪ΪҿԳȫ㣡ɫƽ⼱ٵʿ̧ǰһӣ
һӶɲǣڣɫȼնֻӶֱӳ֮䣬ɨ
ʿȺս
һ֮£ЩѸٽһʿʱھȻһĲҽУڻڻһƬڻҡ
û˿⣬ת˲֮У־ͺƳΪȼյĻ򣬶Щʿ˷ɶһ㣬ϵǻ֮¡
֮Уǵĺ껯һƬƬգڸصͬʱֵĽŲǰȥ֮أǿжȫ棬չ֮أ
ֵǰУĲҽϲϵشнӽʿȫɻɢ
û˿ֵֹĽŲƽ£̤˼֮أǰɫĴ֮ϣǰصײڵľ޴ռĹ֣
ǰһȥ̤⹵ڣɲǣռɫĹľڣȻһĻɫճҺ壬ǹľֱγһҺˣֱеֶȥ
һɸõĶŨŨγһɾҺ˵ķ籩Ȼٽ֣ɫʼƽǷ籩ٵ˲䣬һ˦籩̺һ±ڻɫҺĽܵϣ֮
ͬʱǹײץԱľĸɿƺݺݵһŨŨϢɳ֮ӹľڴ
ԶگԻٶߣ֣棬ǿµ壬Ĵӹײڣ


1486 ϣ
ݵӣǸõ壬˺ûƤֻʣڵѪ⣬ӣȻˣһδó׵ĸʬ
ϣһѪѪ䶯ƲдΨؿദڴѪܽ£¶һȭͷСİɫࡣ
ȴŨ
Ѫ˫ĿĶ֣͸һɷŭβסһ˿־塣
һ˵˥ǿϢɢʹγһ޴ûǺ֮ƺ̺޾֮꣬
ֻǣһǰߴ˿̱˵˥ΪҲĲһ
˵˥ΪγɵֵӴ⹵ڽ£һ֮о̤ɢ֮ڡ
Ӹһ룬ͼٵˣƺҽӽ֣ǿеһ㡣
ۿֽӽп־Ũ̧͵һ㣬ͺʱʹмٴ
ȴһ֮£ȫȻתȴʩչͨϦ֮
Ϧ֮ǿת丯õ壬ٵĻָ
ϦͨûȫʩչУȻӽ治ɣٽɲǣ̧ǰһָ
֮£˫۶ʱһƬõѪɢ
ʹϮ󼲳ۣ׵뿪ǹľû˺ɣֺĿ£ȥ˵ڶָ
֮ص港õ˫ͬʱӸǱһɾ޴֮£ֱֶ
һжɲǼ䷢ת֮£ʧȥ֫壬ͱһץûͷ֮ϡ
Ͳȥ˷ʱ仰ʣԪתֱӾչѻ֮ȥѰԼҪ֪Ĵ𰸣
ɱңԶŶټ֧ϷǶټϵˣϷ̩ɱң
о͸չѻɲǣ˻
ٶǣɱˣоѾ˶ټ嵱گԻ㲻úҪһѣҪ𣡣ɱң
룡ɫƽ俪ڵɲǣͷµ壬ʱͱһɴ룬Ȼ󵹾ȥ
ֵУΨץͷ­ѻ꣡
ʱͻȻĿһץͷ­չѻͬʱ̧ͷա
ֻ֮УȻһƾճ֣˷ӣ˲Ϣ䣬һȽɫĴţĳ֮У
ɫĴϣϵ֣֣һϣ
һ򣬴̫̫ãĴлһ֮ʱѾڵļ֮գ
٣
һʱһɺƵѹɢǴֵĿ£Ĵ򿪣򿪣Ȼ⼱һԼǧɵľ޴ĽɫӰǴһ
Ӱ˸һۿȥȻһ׾ˣӼΪʵһ㣡
»ٶǣ֮ɱʿҶټˣһ壡ǽ׾˵Ļ׾͵һ̧˸֮£ȴһѽɫǧɴȻû·湵ڵ֣ٺȥ
ɱɱˣˆ£ĳɱˣߣɱһͷ­ʱһԾǽɫµɲǣ̧ǰһָȥ
һֵָ̺̺֮Ϊ֮汾Դֱ֮ӾǴһ
˫ĿһһָµɲǣѪһȴѪֱǰХȥ
ǽָɲǣʱҵĲȻķѵǽ׾ˣҲȻ𶯣ŵĲһ٣ˡ
ʱѪХٽǽ׾˺˵ɲǣһ
ǽ׾ڽƱһǴһͬȻأһ̱Ǿ˵ıУǾ޴£Ȼһ۵ߣ
ɫв԰ףһѪ˫¶𾪣ֵһָһ֮ƿĻ֮Ƶõò¶壡
ɫƽӴǹգߣ
ߵΪȻԽ˵˥統鶯һֻ̤˵֮У
ɱѹĳҪߣҪңִһ˦һͷ׷Ʈһʦϱ¶ɣڡ
ǽɫ¶ӣ֣֮һȭΪĪ⣬ϷûֹɱҶˣٶǣҶһگԻϷϱУڳϻᶨᣡ
ɫƽǶʿ裬ȻɱˣĪҪΪЩʿֹǹ֣£
˲ңҲˣΪ֮Ŀɨߣﲢδ˵ǿǴһĽɫš
תǿһȥ˲Ϣ䣬ƻصӰʧ֮С
ֱȥ֮ǽҲѹƲסڵƣѪزѪȾ͸ѪҺ
ɫΪ԰ףڷŵһָһ֮£Ȼˣһ֮䣬˿Ȼһļ£
һ̾Ϣ󴫳ȴâŤ֮£Ǵڣ߳һˣͬŽۣһӡ
Ϊβ֡߰ؿڣתӡ
չǰԣǻ٣ҶټΪҶһ١Ҵ˼ȷҴڣ˵ĻǼ򵥣
ҡͷȥķ
Ϊ࣬ûǵҳ֣Ҳסˡֻ޹죬ԸܵһЩϢϣҸܵɴܵϢ̵һսʵֻóС֡ңȥս
߰ɣѾ٣ֻҶѡ˵ţͻȻɫһǽͬʱ
ȴǰ뿪Ĵڣһɾ˵Ϣ
ͬʱ¶ϲɫ˼̤Ǵڣʧ
ΨɫĴţʼճ֮䣬һ
ڣһƬ硭
أֻµһУȫ⣬յƶ䣬ҲΪ˱ơ
Ưʯ½γһǾ޴ı费£ͬ
һλõıʯϣϥһŮӣŮò޾ףȴ⣬ʯ½һͬ⣬˿̣˫ȴǺȻ
˫Ŀصһɲǣü֮УȻǵһһûתһɹϢƵ
ʿ˿̤ڣ۶վŮڴ½֮ϡ
ӭϳأѹסɫϵļڡ


1487 
Ů֮֮ľüҪϼ֣ûЦݣҲһʿ֮ȻĶ
һӢüĿ̺ʹôŮѰŮӼΪͬһڣ
˫ۣĿ̺ǳһ˲ɵûʧ޷԰Ρ
֮ʯ½ϻصȴǱѿʯ½еıȻķ֮£
Ů˿ü֮йǵת֮Ȼӿ죬Ĺ֮üĴ˲Ϣӿȫ
֮Ů˫Ŀ¶⣬ƽֺݺݵһգ֮Ĵ𶯰˷
һ֮£Ůüĵǵתһ٣¶ڣ߿ɫ֮ǣ
ǹ
Ů
Ůӹݵ¶ƺһ֮ǰ֮¶һĴ𰸣Ϊһľӻȥֱ£
Ϊڶǻᱻȥȫߵǹ
һУ־ܲȫ֪˿ǿǰУȴ˴룡
ڣΪһ˽޹йأȻûзŹֻ뿪Ĵ㣬ʵֽ붫ǵһɲǣ͸ܵϣһ˿˵Թ
ԹƷζ֮£֪һˡ
ûԹҲȥֵΪʱ֣δ뱾ںϣͨǵǣ͸©֮Ķѡ
Ҫɱֵһ˲䣬ȴԶŶټ֮˴һУ治Ҳӣŷ˵ɱֵͷҪͨ꣬䱾޾
һ飬ѻ֮Ѿ֪ǣ뵱һľӵΪɵò²һЩ顣
ԶŶټ塭ĿһͷһңԶ֮
ڡй񣡣ֻǲ֪ǺŴڣҵһжֳĬУջĿ⣬ǰȥ
ҵľѾҪң
ļ飬Ѿ¾ǵҦңѪӣɫƽ˫ȴ֮ǰɷδɢ
Ѫӵ׷ɱңˮʦ֣ҷ𣬴£ǣѪйĿǰ֮
⣬ҾûдӦҦŮӣУȴ˳ŵ£ұһ˿ȴֵӰԶȥ
ǲƲҼһз֧御ڶܴľ죬ܿͱʿΧ֪
ǣһǣպգı𣬶ʿ˵𶯡
˿̣ϲһԼ˵ʿСӣһĬǰ۶ȥȺʿ֮УһŮޡ
ŮղᣬȻ긾ˣϴµĺۼĬĬȺʿǰС
꣬Ļ֮ܿʱӦһ֮ˣвķϲĴڡ
һУǰϣûôഥĿĵ˰̣
Щ˰̣һȫڸǣɫİ̺ۣԭӦϣͬһ֣ѪⷭУµֻ¡֮ᣬƲԶ̫
Щ˰̣Ѱɢ֮УþõлһδεȬ˺ƺ˹ԪϣΪ㡣
Ϊߣֻʵӣϣ͸һ˿ƣãȻ
ļ壬ڵ֮սУֻʣ˲ļˣ۰棬ҲǴսˣȸǵĹ֮أΪ˾ɣ壬ˡ
ڴս֮ƣصص죬ֻ˷ѣ岻٣Уᣬɢļ壬ȻȥڣĬĬĶУΪһ޼֮ˡ
һŮӣڴս֮ЩҵҪȥḶ֪ܻ́һЩ߲֮£кáǸʱᣬоա
òߣڣŵΪߣࡣһŮӣѲ棬òǻĴѡ
ͬƺԪڵһֻȴǱ̸֮ҪϣԻȥԼǾգȥһпŵĿ⣡
ձջ󣬻ҲͲˡ
ûԼԸһΪһΪŮޣ֮УԼһƬء
ֻǣԸؾԽԽԶ
ǻһӰѳΪ˱˵¯֮ƾȥȡȥʸ뱣
ֻǣǸӰĴڣȴ޷ȥһ֮£ԼȥǸ˻ԼĴڣԼֶѾǵãǼǵá
ǲ˵ɽڣһߴӰʿڱɽѰҳ·
ǲǸӰػ󷨵ɵ֮˺Ȼһս
ǲˣһսУǸӰһ죬ΪɣǸʱ򣬻Է֪ܵĹʿڣĴڣܶԷ֪ڿӰһ̣еϲãôŨ
˰£ÿÿ£ͬʱƾŻӰԼһ˿ȥ
̣ŮӵԺ续һһĻĻûãǵǰͳһɢŨŨǡ
Ⱥʿͣͷһӣɫй°ĿʿһɨڿŮӵʱ¶һ˿ᡣ
ʿ֮д󶼰ϧ֮кܶʿѰһзԼ޷ȴѰŲ֮
Ůһª֮ˣϾࡣŮΪʵ޼ںֻһҰ޶ѣ衣
ӷȥԪ񺳶ǹ켣ΪȻﵽ˿ڣ֮бһɲɵϡ
֮ǰʶŮӣҲǿ̽ò֮һԽˣÿÿԷǳªòԽﲻ
ŲǣԪȥת켣飬ǹ켣ı亳ɲǣз֮Ԫ˺
ӷĬв԰ף֮ıȭɳƵĿڣʹߴˣ֮ǰǶ켣Ԫ֮˻ûлָܲܡ
ûӷ˵꣬ӱüͷһ壬һ
ӷһҧ´˵תȥ
ǽʿУһЩ¶̣Ψа̾
ǧǰң쾡ܲǶļ壬ҲΪӴҵĵϵˣĶ˵ӷȴˡ컯Ūˡ
ӷһļŮӣϧϧ
ûʲôÿϧģ޵ǲп֮£ս֮󣬱Ҫ֮ˣڣ


1488 
ӷҧ´ķǰŨǣ˫ۣûˮ
ˮ˰Уˡ
ģΪתһ֮âɢԪ񻺻Ʈһ˿һʶֱǰѾǨһգκηʿǶȥ
Ȼ䣬ʶһɫ԰Уݺݵһҧʶ͵һ
Ƕʱкص仺תڱʶһ֮£ֱӾͶһ£
ͣٵɲǣȴһ޷ݵĴȻֱӷʶݺݵĳȥ
ӷһѪԪֳһʶ޷ɷ֮ɲǼʹм˺ѿ
ɫҰһƬʮɣԪٴֻһʶֱǣٴεһ
ҵĺ֮ص£Ǿҵ𶯣һ˿Ҫı켣ļֻ䷴֮ȴǱ֮ŻҪңǺ¡¡±ӷʶⱬķһ壬һα
εıʹӷʶ߽⣬ԪشصڣѪӷһվһɫһƬң˫Ҳ
ûõķУɵʹǰһȥֱԽӷһ˦ʶֱǣͺ֮£Ǻ𶯣תĹ켣
ǣ˫鱧ץסǣȡ
ǽʿԸ仰ﴫɲǾֱǰһɫϸ˿˸һγһž޴ִǣͬʱק
Ψһߣڴӷ߹ʱ̾ϢһӴȡһƿҩٵݸӷ
ӵѣϷҲɽ硭˵ţӷ߹
ӷĬĬĽӹҩƿ¶мװĵҩ֮ӿٶˡ˰ЩҵûЩһִͬɽ֮˴Щˣӷ޵֮·
ʲôǣǷźÿƫҪȥٵͬҵҪ󣬺գɵʹЦ
ʹߴˣӵҲɵ˵Ϊҵһ֮ǰδοͱˣĪǲɣ֮ǰҩߣʵ޷סԷ
Ŀһ˵ߡ
ʹ£Ҫָֻţ
ΪֻпڣĿⶢס̾͸ܵһӴѹȴҧ̧ͷЦڡ
ҲӦ֪ӵѵ֮ʱɸˣ
һʿжʱ׹⣬һȻ֪Է˵˭ǸˣڷһսеһĻĻƣʵȫӵĴڡ
ͲǸǰа㲻֮ɫһսУǸ˳պգǰʿϣͬϡ
ȥ˶пܡӻû˵꣬Цдϡ
أ
һ仰ӳĬ֮һһ˦ȵݵöԣӷ㣬ȥǣ
߿һۣ뵽ǵʿ֮С
ӷʼճĬ˼ˣĬĬǰҧֳʶߣǣǣǰȥ
ǰɫһƬߵһ仰ŵЩ
ء仰ߣþòɢ
һнˣƶĺ£ǰȥԽԽԶ
ûãЩ˵ǰǿգȴǳһӰӰһͷ׷Ʈǿǰߡ
ƻʵÿһ޾ǿգڣҲǰӰһ֮£һɼϢͬɽѹ֮жɲоɢһգǰӰʧǰ
һнɲǷӦƺ޷þһ
ȫһ¶Ȼǰӣһº𾪡
ûѣȴһ֮ƴǿ촫
˶УʱʿٴκһɫУˡ
ӷȫһֻһףĶУȴͬرһ㣬ǿҵĲ
ʶľҪ̧ͷȴסͷĵ£ȥʱʿ֮У˵һԶ˿
֮صУ֮ǰȥʧİӰȻ³ǰǿգĿɨ
Ŀ£û˿ԿԷӣ֮ͬһ̫âɣ˲עӡ
ǰӣ䣬ĿȫһжֹͣԪѹڣ˿Ҷ㡣
ĿͬʵʣĿסĲӣסԪֻҪԷһͷԼͻȻԪֱӾͱĨɱ
һֳĴڣ
ǰǰΪߣǰӰҲ˿̵ͷһֱӹǿգҪ˵Щʲô
Ӱ֣
ԭûȥȺʿһζɲǣȴȺʿиܵһˡһԼ˰Ľ֮Ůӡ
Ů뵱һֲͣһУȴһʹĿ£ǰȺʿȻȫɢֻʣһҪͷɫ԰ӲŮӡ
Ůӣܵͷɼһİֳ̺ۣĬ
ӷҧ´˰ΪԼѾˣˣҲˣɽ죬һɲǣ۽ڣ£գȴֱߣ繵һ̺ڣı˷򡭡
Ҫȥ㣬öԷԼһֺܸӵ뵱Ѿһ
Լ¶ȥֱ٣Ҳ£ԼǱ֮УǳªգǸ˿
ᣬ£صͷʶĺˣˣˡ㵽ĺǣ㵽ǿվ㵽һ˿ĵطĬĬԼļ䡭ĬĬĲȥѾ˸оᡣ
ӷ֡ź˵Ůӣڡһ꣬һ£һգĵ£һŴ΢ЦȺУԼ
ȥţ
˵ԼֵһɲǣʿȫȻǰʿ˲ȥѪɫƺ඼ֹͣԪһ仰±һ֣ķѣɢ
֣
˷һ֣
ҲӷǰϴˡǺ˵ŮӣУû·ҧŴڡ


1489 
˵һӷֵļ˵֮ͬһܻϲˣҲϲԼˡ
Ůӣԣ֣ǡ
ӷڵƣֵĿ£ɼΪԪ֮ˣ֮󣬳缲ȬȻողã־һԪش
ոգ˵ġĿǰʿɨһϣߣЩ죬ǵãƺǵ걻Լ뿪ɽȺʿ֮һ
߱Ŀעӣɫ¶뼤֣ǵȺˣвֱڣĻмֵǰպն𣬸ЩΪ֮ȳ羴
رȭһݡ
ǰɵʹӣӾԪ¶ͬʱʶתͷߣĿ¶ŨŨİֻⰧߵһ仰ʱ
ص֮ԼԺں
ӼΪӵѣԪƾأһָǰӡ
ܴƣѪˣΪɵʹߣȨҪÿһӷԸңΪ⣡ĪĿ־֮£ͻһˣɫ
ǰĪҪŴ˲ԣһΪ챸սûȥΪӵѣ껹ǺӵʶˡӼѸٺˣת۾˳˰֮⡣
ִ֮ǰҲĺĿתǲϺ˵ӣǣֵǣһ۾֪
һŮӣ㣬¶ŨŨɱӷԽǺˣԽǵͷֵָĳԽ
˰ʱ䣬˷ǣҹΣ֮ݣֵģţӰнԶꡣ
ǲϺɫ¶쾪ֵӣкһֻ̧
㲻ɱңɵʹߣҷɵ֮սɵڴʱɱңɵΪУ谭챸ս㲻ĵˣ㻹Ĵ˿ִս֮У
ΪߣҲǵֵֿһҪΪ٣ҪΪڷҵȫ㲻ɱңҪɱңҲһһսĻᣬս˺мһ뵽Ľȫٵĺ˳
֮ʱóԴǣڼϬ˿Σ³׵ı
սԹ޻ڣҲڻûȼҵ֮ǰһδ֮УдﲻһҪɱңԪҿΪһս
ѰʿⷬﶨΪ֮ݣпܷŹˣȥⷬ˵Ȼ͸һΪơ
ʵһƾϬԴǣռ˼ĺôɵʹߵݣҲԿ໻
ֻǣһ֣һıƣԽթ֮ˣһ۾Ϳ˵䶼Ǹ
̧Уһ䣬ǺӣʱĲҽ£֮дλȫѪת֮¾ͳΪѪˡ
Ǽڶ࣬Ϊֻɱһˣб£ȥȫɱ⣡һ仰һֱӱɢǿ֮С
ɱʿϣ
һƬž֮ǰڣȫǾѾֵܵǿ󣬿ɴ˿ۿּһʿûа㷴֮ɢĳ棬ȴȻΪ֮־塣
ֱĿʿһɨǰһȥ֮죬ת˲̤Ⱥʿ֮Уһ֮£ͬӷʧȺ֮С
ԶԶأһ֮â۶һöҩƯǰ
˵չط£֮꣬Ϊӣ
ǵҩڣɢһɼΪŨԪ֮һڣһչ¡
ڣһϣ˿ƮŰѩ䣬ظһޱϱһɽ壬˿ɽѩ£һƬž
ɽ嶥ӷͷɫһƬ԰ףᱻǿֹסĬ
ǰָӵǰŮӣ̾һ̧ǰһӣ̱һԪ͵ӿŮڣԪת֮£˲ϢʹôŮƻָ
ӷһͷ͵ĸˡ
ǹڵԪΪ˻ָ֮δɢǺȻֱնȥ֮£ӷһİ̺ۣѰʿ޷ָ˿ڣʱƬѩһϰ䡣
ģƬķУӷϣչ¶һգ뵱ӣµĺۼ⣬û
Ůӣ˿̣ܻǴ֮ȴһ˿ɣƸˡ
ӷ̧Լ⻬ᣬٴ˰ǰֻȥԼգδ뵽˰Ľ죬ǼеӰΪԼָ˵֮ݡ
һֻӣһл࣬һʮ㣬ԸΪҵôؼƯѩѩϣڡ
ӷһ𣬳ĬͬʱᣬȴǸˡ
ûٿڣȴŶԷѡһ֮ˣֻǣȥһˣֹԼȥϲˣ֮£Щȴֹˡ
ֹ˰˰ǰŮϲԼҲֹ˰Էʼմڵ⡣
ٻ÷ڽӷ˵һĻ
֮飬Ů֮䣬кܶܶѡ
ʱţѩԽŨ˶˵ǰһѩĻ
ӷ¶һ˿͵΢ЦһΣ̧ͷĿһѩĻվӰ
ҪӰεļһ뵱һĻĻӰص
Ĺ˵ϡ
һն˰˰ǰ¡
һȴһ׮
һ򣬿ɬͬʱҲӷ˽ѡ
ѩϣӣʦ𡭡˳⻬ʣ˵ϵѩУںһѩγ˼ס
ֻףܿͱѩסˡ
һ߰ɡڡ
ӵļң졭ӷ
ֳĬ̧֮һģʱһɰԪȻӷڣƶԪͬʱԼһĸֳһЩԷԽܵļޣת
ӷΪԪת֮ͻʵֱӴﵽ˿
⴫֮ûнʼӿֱ֣ӷΪǿ˾֮󣬲ŻֹͣӡѹӷﱩΪôΪ
֮£ֵΪҪҲѶȼ


1490 ָ³
ѩԽԽˡ
֪˶ãջ֣һץʱѩƬ۶лһѩѩڲϵػУԽʵ
ѩҧ⣬һڹ֮Ѫ֮£ѪѩϣȾͬʱѩںϡ
ڻ֮УиѩƬ٣ܿ죬ͳΪ˱һģѪɫʱת۾ͻһѳ
Ѫɫ
ͬʱĿͫ׹һͼлûǾŵ֮У֮׷ֳһ˿ĿѪڣ֮ںϡ
ʱһɷʹѪں䱬
֮£ܴܳ˽һն֮˽պвߣ㽫նڴ˽֮£һ˦ѪֱӷɲǾڣΪ䱾֮
ΪΪʦȥһ¡㻹һʦǣɳִ˽ӷֿǰŮӡ
Ůҧ´ĬĬ̧ͷ֣ĿУһ˰˰顭
ֳĬƬ̣ĿǰŮһۣ̾תһȥԽԽԶ
ȥıӰнԶӷУֳɽУվڱƬ½ϣһбϵӰ
ֳǴʿɽӰӡ
ֳһսУǰȺ۵ͦΡ
ֳǰѩ֮ˣѩƬ裬ӷĿ⣬ģ
Ľ֣áӷͷ
ǿУкâ˸Ϊӷﴫ֮ʱƾǿΪȻһɨ
ûȥӷ˽֮£ǰ˰Էһ裬ȫļ£ÿһ֮˵ӣʶϢ˿ֵԺУΪ̣
Ҳɱˡ⡭ɱһӰʧ
ƶǣԼڣԼңǴǵڶ壬ܱȲĴңһƬڣԼȴǼΪǿ
ԼμΪͼߣһս¹ͣº󱻴赤ҩΪȻ˾ڡ
ƶǣλߣ˾ԸǼΪ°ֻ֪ڰ˰ǰӷ׷֮һû֮ʱóǿӲֶӷﰵ°Ϊ¯
˵±裬ȴټ֮еӷһ˺
Ѿȥ˰˰꣬ԼҼ˿ҲǣʱԼҴڣ·Լϥ佲
俪˵仰ɲǣȴһ캮ȻǿսٴǣֱӾԼҴ˵ĺȻУһХ֮죬Ȼﵽһֲ˼ĳ̶ȣֱԼңֱֱǴ֮ͬȻԼҼȥ
һУ̫죬Х䣬Ѹװ֮٣ԼҼڣһ
Ļǣ壬ϣбΪ֮ˣΪǰ˾Բ֮󣬱绨ũһ㣬ԼԺֲ˲컨ݣԴԡ
֪ڰ˰ǰΪҵлǴϵƵӷﲻòһµķͳԻա
˿ֲŽˮĹӣͬһڽ󣬹վӡ
޵һȻ֮صı仯Ϸ˵ûбչأΪı仯ʵϣˣĸ
Լǡӹͷ
¶΢ЦȻ˲δҪ˵ȥʱĻǺȻһɫ䣬Ƶ֮£һƿأǿռ۽٣
⽣̫죬̧߽ͷȥɲǣȻ䣬ٽֱӳڣһһдȫɢ
Ψǽˮޣûаˣ˵ϡ
ǣ¬ңΪϲĴ֮һ峤Ϊں󣬺˸ǡ
˿̣峤չ֮壬һŮϲϵʶǴҰһĵͺ
µŮò˿ȴɫ԰ףռٵĸı䣬ת֮£ͲϵĲϣռΪ˿ݹǡ
Ƭ̼䣬Ů޲ҽѪ
һһۣԱʿǰ̧ʬ壬һ¶ãʧȥǵŮޡ
һֱŮץɫҪԷʱһХպ䴫տʼƻߣɲǾչ֮ȻʯĽ¶Ȼ͵̧ͷ˼Ů޵ǰһХ͸Ůûжɰ˺ֱŮӣüֱӽڡ
һ˫ֱӱŮӣѪϣʱɢѹ
ˮǮҡ
ƿҡ
Ѱҡ
ȵطͬһʱ䣬׷нХȥƿǵķֱǵһӷ֮ˣ
ǿУһӽʿǼ۶ߣһߣɫϣŭһ㣬ʿĿ⣬󶼹
Щǰ֮Уǰǿһ٣˻ûȷӦ֮ʱǽһ¾ͳڣ
һĻĻƵĳ棬½
˰ðӷߣȫڽ
ɵ˿̱ս֮أٿɵľ޴⣬дɵʿߣһſϲӡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʮһǿͻȻֳ֣ʮһ򣬼۶ȥ֮һ󷨵ӣ˲Ϣ壬Ͳ֪ʲô̱
ת֮£ʮӴĲ֮ͬ׷ױ
һХֱ⣬һϥӳ󷨵ڣһѪ
ȻֵһĻĻʱʹɵʿΪ֮Ȼ
ûжɱһˣҲûзŹһƾʶĸӦͷų˽ٽɨ죡⣬ӷ˵ҪΪһ飡
Уɵ֮⣬ֵӰһ̤
ңңĿռ˼ΧٿɵתԼɵʿһﲻǰȥ
죬ÿһһǿպһص֮£ֵĽŲһƬγ֮˷
ɵʿɫ԰ףˣǲǶǼ֮ˣٿǺƴһս˿̺֮£ԶԶȥЩʿͬˮϵ˿
ֵǰУȻһХģǾ޴ڣ³ӵĿоض


1491 һѾɣ
Х춯أֱӾʹڳһ֮ˣֺɨֵĽŲȻһ١
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³֣һԿ˾ܶûг֣һҪǰȥһֹǰУȴϷչ˳
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ȸһۣ֮£֮ʱ³ӵѵĽâҲĳ죡ûֹͣŲǰлƽ˵֮Ŀɨӣһȭ
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һѣȴӿɬͬʱɵһ˿޷ҫ֮⣬æֱȭһݡ
򣬱ǰ֮ң֮ʡ
΢΢һЦС
ȸ֮УҶҲ֣н飬յ٣³ӱӦϲӭΪ֮ʱɱʮһˣ³Դһ˫ۣ¶һ˿⡣
ɫ糣̧һָ³ߵѪӣڵɱĳ֮䲢޳϶ĳҲһսֻҪˣ
Ѫ䣬ɫɲްѪɫңңһָƶȥȫһ㡣
а⣬ֽŲͣ£Է棬һս֮еǿ֮ˣȸǣҲݵ֣־ܲںΪ֮ӦеأҪԷ¡
³ɫԥ֮ɫ
³ǰǸطֻԴѪӲ԰׵žɫ³ӣУȴ³Ӵϡ
Ϸжᣡ
³ӴϥվӣһȭڵֵѣɷϷһ棬Źˣ£ϷǷһ飡
³ӣ֮ҡҡͷ
˶ĳдãĪҪֹ
³ɫ˵ԸΪܵĿȴѾ߳Ѿãλ˵֮һԾŶ˸а㷴ΪѾŵ̬ǷΪۣԷҲҪԼһǡ
ֵĻƶ飬ûа⣬һ³Ц
ϷҪƾʲôģϷڣϷһսһ֮ǿǿȵϷܾ֮꣬˿⣡
ɫ糣˫¶âδǰһ˦ԵĪҪϻҪսǱս


1492 Ķ
֮䣬֮ޱɱԷ֮ģô˴֮һս໥ǱҪУϾܳΪߣǿҲֻкôһЩӴ޵ȣʵ̫̫٣
³ӸǳѾãûκγ϶˵ΪѪӳ˶ԿҲǶԿѡ
³ӲΪѪӶ̫֣Ѿ֮ǰԼƽռһ˿ơ
ΪԼ̤꣬ھԶԶԷҲη塣
˵δ̤ȴԿȵܣڽ̫ǳ֮£ˣ³УʲôҲǣ
Ȼ³ڤ粻飬ֲԼӽѵ֮ɭһսûκһܽս˿³ӣҲһս֮⡣
³Ŀһüģĸܵϴǹս⣬˫ͫһ̸ı⡣
ֵѣҶȫ֣޷ܣһ˷ûʱ򴥷󷨣δòʧҶĶֶӮ
ӮѪϷ֣ϷӮȥӴ֮Ϸͬ⣬̤벽
㣬ɸϷĶ³ֽսĿҲƽ֣֮һ뽩֮ڡ
΢ע⣬пˣ±ս֮УˣӰպļƻʧȥ˶ȡĻᣬ飬òȥ˼ɡ
Ķһ޵δĶ˿³ӵĻ¶֮â
ڲȽ⣬֮չͨǿɱǿմΧ¶ǿǻڵķһ㣬ֺ
ûҽڵ˵Ϊϡ٣꺱ôˣҵ֮䣬ײս˷󣬵òʧ
ʶĶ֮Լ
һ͵ȡģһⷨչһεĶóҲɣҲް
ڶǵ֮
һһʽ֮ͨҸУҲΪպһ˿棡
¶΢Ц³һۣһ˦ЦҲãҪĶĳԷ㡣
³Ŵ˻˿ս⣬Էսڴڵţ˲ԸһΪ棬Ϊܣ䲻
ʶ˵Ķ֮Լ˿̿ͬ⣬ɵЦ
ᣬ޵ʱ䲻ܴ˿ӵΪ涨ȻУ³ڵͣ꣬һֱȱ޷ﵽڣпʼ֮ĳ㡣
ѡһĶ֮³ӻڡ
ˡִĿ³һۡ
³ɫ糣һͷȴЦϵ裬֮Ҫ٣ǿǼҲ˲Լּ
ַϻһ˦Ǿ޴кȻһתһ㣬ת֮»һ籩籩ֱӷɳɲǾ뿪УǰϿա
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ڵˣҲͬɫ³У
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Ϸ֮ɵУΪɵ֮պ֮սУɰ񣬰ڣɱߣô˱³ӵĻﻺÿһʿС
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³֮ϣ֮ɣ̧ǿһָȻ䣬ȴ貵ǿУʱǹ˷˸
תۼ䣬ǿƱǹ֣һۿȥ֮չ¶һĻΪѤĻ棡
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ǴǹɣɢĿ֮âһۿȥͬǱ۳һ㣬ԼɣƯǿС
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³˫쿪һ֮±һɿں˫Ŀͫиǳ˾ŵ֮Уÿһתʹ³ڱΪǿ
˲Ϣ䣬ǿڵһз籩±ڣγһɾֱ֮Ǵȥ
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ǿдڣʹȻһƴӳ˯ѣһɴοϢȻ
˱ԴѪϷҪˣ֮ѪҲӦʿ֮Ѫ³оһһָзһֱָʿ
ЩϺɨɲǣÿһʿüĶ۳һѪЩѪߣ˲³ǰ³ҧ⣬һڵ֮Ѫڵͬʱһ˦
ǰЩѪҺֱڡ
һ˲䣬һѪĸоÿһʿ֮С
һУ³ӵͺһ˫Ŀͫ׷֮мһת̧·ݺݵһģ
һѹΪ
ɵĴͨһ𣬺֮£ٵСתУѹʮɴСһɾϢֱӾͱǿΪ֮һ
˱ΪΣ³ɫȻУο֮ɫΪʿΪѪԱԴ߻Ϊѹܻǿ˶̵ʱڣȵز⣡
һѪ뱾Դ֮˵ΪʹΪһĶȴƴˡ


1493 һ
һƬɵʿһɫȴûκۻȻ֮ÿһеĿȴⰲУԽԽŨ
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ˣ˱ҲֻǸոճȥµ³ȷΪţǴ˲֪ٹ޾۹ЩʹôΣһ͸˴˱һɲɣϢ
Ϊ˵ģǴ˱̺һս⣬ʿⱸս֮۳ս׵ս⣬˱ûκȱݣϣһ
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³ӳЦصǿգɫеİȻ͸һǿţ
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֮ǿȻ̶ֳȣ֮ȸǹ󡭡ȸǵĹɭ³ӵɫͼΪѿ
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ƯǰγԲΣתš
һҺڣȸϵ޾ɱ¾ɫƽ̧ǵһνɫҺ֮ϡ
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ǰʮһ֮£޷ܣҪһ㡣
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³ɫΪأѪٵ˲䣬ƿѪڣȻ֮꣬Щȫ֣֮˿̻ûӻȪص˼䣬أ
ʿһɲǣͬĸܵѪڴڵǿֲɱһѪ侳ٴκˣ
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ӳĬӵĿ֡
һһɷ֮ɱʿ⣬֣
˱ûбԴûĳѪûս⣬ûְصĻеģֻĳһɱһɻ
³Ӻеͺ˫ǰɨֹѪٽ𶯣¶ȻδһˣһȻɷʿһǵһ
ԷȻ֮ܳΪʿڶԷڵ޾Ѫ
Ķ֣³ͷƤ飬ԸǣЩȥǣ
˱ֻɷƾʲôܻϷ³ӺվӣĶ֡
ƾ˵ܻ٣һԣţһԣ³ӣڡ
仰ᣬȴ͸һǿԵ
³ɫٱ仯ѪĽп֪࣬ԼС˶ԷǣԼСϷ챸սսѹʿսľġ
û뵽ԷԴ˷ѹǲһĸ֣ĶתҪһԣһս
֮³ɳƣ㵱Ϸ򲻸һԣ
ûпڣֻ³ӡ
ʱţ³սȭͷһ˦ȵһĶӮˣ


1494 鶯
ڶ֮¿ɸһӣ³ɫǿڻص
Ķ֮ĳˡҡͷĿ³ƿɫ԰׾ѪϣǰȥҪԽ³ӣֱȥѪӣ
³ӱڵһ֮дŭ𣬴˿̿ٶʱŭ֮Ц˫һӣھͱܿڵȫƣվͬվǿۣ֮
籩³ӷ֮ԴķʱǿգܣХоɵķû
֮춯أǿգһص籩
Хת˷
֣ĪΪϷ򲻸һսҪսǱսȥ³ŭЦ֮ǰһӣȴһ޴ѷֱӻûһѲнֱһ³ǰ
нֻаأȴһɾ֮ϼٶϯǿգһ޷ݵĽֱָ֣
Ѳн괩͸˹Ϳ˾İ
н֮³˫ǿһָǿպ䣬һ֮˺ɨʿƶ˳Զ֮⡣
ͬʱһĻ֮ӰȻͳ³֮Ӱˣһ磡
ɽ磡
ɽ磬Ȼͻû³
ֻɽֵȫͬûɽ磬ڿ˵ȴûа֮òƣ֮ӰߣظûаΪ
Ŀɽصģһ޴ʯźȻ˹ʯ£Ĥһ㣡
ɢɲǼͰȫ֣
һҲɢУ̾Ŀ֮Уڶɽ֮ޣ޾ڣ
ڣȻһ˿˿Ϣɢֱ³Ӷڣɽ磬³ӳΪܵĹؼڣ
ΪǴûķɽڻã
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֪ΪλΪǿ֮ޣһУΪΨдܲſʩչͨ³Ȼ¶Ҫս˿Ӵķɽû󣬸ģΪܣ侪ѹڣ
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תǻϢԽɲǾͺ򣬸ڲϵɢ֮£硢ꡢ磬ҲԸİ磡
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һȥǿձ鲼ǻ꣬Щǻ껷ƣﵥٳһ磡
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·󣬺תǻ껷֮£Ҳͬʱתһǿת츲֮
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³Ӵ꣬ҲͻȻֵ鶯ˣ
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⡭ô𡭡ѣʲôˣڵҴʶûдˣ³ɫұ仯ˣ͸ˡ
ڣɫͣ޵ȫһҲûнֵ֮࣬ǿѾȻôҲ޷뵽־Ȼһūͣ
ūū
֣ߣ֪ܲ鶯ݣ
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˸ڽձҲԶԶ޷Ĺڣ
鶯˵ĳ֣ŨŨ֮ɢǹǿղһʿȻϢڸоϣ漸ͬǿҪһЩİѹټ³Ǵɫһ˵һ£
ˣǵܣ
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ʲô컯ȴҲͰˣȻ߻һū͡Ҳֻһ³ӣ⡭޷š޷ţԺң޷ȥԼһĻһܣȻūͣ


1495 һ
˫ۼҪĳǰһУƺԼѾܾ꣬ͬúܾ֮ǰԼǷ˺֮ͯʱһοʿһ
ָ֮оĺжֹ
޷һܣȻܳΪūͣ⼸߸жڵĿ羴
ص˵һĻ˺жڵʿָ߸һɴ
һĻ֪ԭܣҲʿҲԡΪ˵ūͣ
ֻǣǿе˺ɴӴĳȴͬһشӲУһѪ
ֵʲôˡһ㣬һܣΪūͣ
ʵȻȴܣټūͣˡĴȻ̤۷壡
ѪȫȫסˣȥԼһУΪֵͣܳ뷨˿Ҳֹסĸֳ
þһǻþؼ伫Ϊĵܣһʿ̧ͷվĴ֮ôĳΪū͡
ⲻܣ
ֻǣѪӵȴǱиֵһ²⣬ֱӱһ𺳡
ĸԸĪǻǿշɡ²ܣΪȵôȥǿշ
ǵܣ죬ϷһҲ³һܡ
Ȼ鶯˵ĳִԶǱûķɽƳԶʿһǴ֮ǰİˣȻ
ܳΪɵʿܱӹ֮Ϊûߣĸܵ鶯ǹɾ춯صѹ
ѹ£վӣ־糱ںȻ֮Ϸ
ǡǡ
ǵôɫ䣬ǰвȻͣ٣ĪǴ˵еġ
һһϢǵʿ
ʿڣȻͬʱʿҲֻһˣ¡
ֵ뿪ǰΪߣ°˰ʱ䣬Ȼ˿ֲĳ̶ȡʿΪū˼飡
ȻǿڷĻصԽԽңռһ㣬
⾪˵һĻ˶ȥţѾ˼άȫ˵һĻǾҲĵ
³ɫ԰ױ仯ˮ¶һ˿һ˦췢һ
䣬ʿĺȻ֮ȫѹ£ʹǿٴֻʣһ֮
ϷС㣬ȻշһΪūΪϷ£ԶԶϷ𣬵һˣϷͲУ
³ӵصÿһʿС
ϷǲУҲаһսϷǰ죬ƣΪӦڣ
˵ΪͣͣϷȴĪļ㣬ͬʱ֮Ҳһս³䣬һ˦֮£ǰ󣬱֮ǰʮϢϢγһ޴ķ籩Уɨǿա
¡¡ľǿڷĻصиЩ֮ǰ鶯־ʿ»˿ȵĺ
棬죡
棬죡
ɲǾһƬʿʿҪĿ־֮УһԼ
飬Ͼ죡Ƿ籩ĺһγһ޷ݵƣģȻһ˿˿֮ȻĴʿƮֱ³Ӷȥ
³һХ£ɫΪص·һָȻ£ķ籩תУһǧɴСĳǹȻû
ڳǹ֮󣬻һڵ֣֮
֮һſȦ˸
ת˲֮䣬ʮ˸һһǿյķ籩ڣÿһо֮
أǷ籩۳һ޷ݵֱ鶯ˣ
ֵĶߣʿ
棬죡
³ϵƣɲдﵽ˼ޣֹͣӣȻ̧ǰһȥֱ֣
ͬʱǷɽڣ޾ӰԶԶȥγһ֮ƣ
ǲнǼ˲ϢٽֲʮɣǱ˵Ľֱָüģ
³Ӻò¹ѹ鶯ֵ𺳣һսľģٽֵһɲǣ
ʣͻ
ū誣ƽڼٵ³ӣüͷ壬ڡ
һǺ¯ڷĳصǿգ¡¡ľ£誵Ӱ¯ڣһ
ֵ˲䣬һɵܵϢ춯ض
ϢһɱŰѪȣǳϰʱ͸һ֮У誵һͷɴСѪ˻ɫĿĶ³ӣ
³ӱΪ֮ǰȻǼޣ˿̲֪뷽ȣһʲô
з޷ݵľ֮ˣʶļ˺󣬾ұƽֱ»ص˰⣬¶βסĺ䶯
ǰǰѲнٽֵһɲǣʱͷһɴļѹ棬Ȼ䣬޷ǰǷ󲻿֮ܵ˲ͳһѷ죬Ȼˣ
нòˣ
Դ͸ɭȴûʸͬʱܵĴڣٷҲǲнҲҪˣ
˽飬һĲҽлص£֮Ʊش˲Ϣص³ߣҵĲʿһ㣬˿־һ
³ķɽڣ޾Ӱֱֵ˲䣬誳֣鶯ˣͬʱǰһϢ֮ص
εײת˲֮ǧεչǻûķɽ磬Ȼһ𣬳Ӱ̳һ㱻ɨʱɢһɶ
ǻûķɽ磬Ҳ鶯˵ľѹ£ֱӱ
䣡
ǷɽķѣȻɢֻʣ·ɫ԰ף¶֮ǰ𺳵쾪֮ɫ³ӣ
һū͡ūͣ⡭⡭⡭³ӵһ׵׵Ĵ¶Ũ˼޷ţ˲Ϣͬˮͷһ֮£ʧȥһսȥ˼Ѿ޷ȥսȥսȥս
ûѪǣ³һţ
˿³ӵȫ񣬶ͻȻֵһĻУҵı仯ȫԤϣҲ󲻵ƽı󣬾Ȼ˾֮£
ܣûսȥ˿󻹲ܿս


1496 Щ
ѹԵǿƣɽһֱӽ³ӵѹ壡ûκֻ֮ʣŵ𺧣
³ӵΪ˿̿ɬУǰһС
֪Լһ޴Ĵ󣬺пĹֵΪָոջصʱ³ӱΪԷԼһս֮ԼײҪǡ
ǣжȴǵ꽣ı䣬³Ϊ˶Էʵзɡ
ǶϣְϢȴǸ³ӵһ𶯣ʶԼжϳ°̧ߵԼƽĳ̶ȣΪԼַԷҲԼΣ
ֱ⣬һ̺֮İԵ֮ƣ³أٴθıежϣ̧Լһ˿ĳ̶ȣǸʱҲһΪԷбԼ
ַ࣬Ҳƽְˣ˭Ҳ޷ѹ˴ˣ
Ķϣֵƽ³Ӵ˺ܴѹɣһսû˷ɽ磬óǿ֮
ΪһУǶԷԼһ˿ҲҪˣ鶯ĳ֣³ӺȻķ֣ԼĲ²⾹Ȼٴγ
Է򶨣Ȼһūͣ
飬³ӵԤϣ³Ӿ𺳣ȴҲһսľģΪһоȫɱﵣԷûпֶܻΣ֮սͬǿƽ
ֻǣ誵ĳ֣ȴһ׵׵Ľ³ӵ߽⣬Ǹ޷𺧣
Ҳ󲻵ӵеĵūͣһڶǼﵽ˿ڵ۷壬ڣȻԶ
³ɫȻһɲǣһƬˡ
ڣǻûʮַ˿鶯˲䣬̾ͱǿյĵϢȣ뵹ˡ
󷨣Ͼû޷԰ڵˣ
誵ĳ֣֮˵ɲǣѪ˻Ű˷ոչʿУͬסǵĲԪ񣬴һɼĿ־壡
Ǳ³֮ǰĺԼģֱӱ
Ȼһ
ⲻܣʿΪ⡭ôūͣ
꺱һĵܣվ֮࡭
ʿΪū֡ʲôݣô̶ֳȡ
ԺѾʧȥһ˼̶̵ʱڷ飬𾪶ľˣֻǾľ誵ĳ֣һʹ
еĸĿãȻ
ӵĿУ̫ͬãȻǰ˼Ҳɢˣ飬Ѿ˼ˡ
κһڵڶʿһĻΪūţ
Ѫ飬¶ôҲ󲻵ȻһĻǿ³ӶˣشȴѪһ֮У
һ˲䣬鶯½ֵɲǣɵܵϢɨ죬뵽֮ڣ
ƺңˮϥɫƽȻָʱ͵˫ۣĿȻ¶֮ɫӸʶվתͷֱӿԶ
ɫת˲䣬ɫ޷ţ
ͬڣһ䱻ӡľ޴УһŮӣͷϥһͷɢʹôŮ͸ȻĶ
ϥУƺûвˮӺȻϢһֱ˫ĿĬĬشȥ
ƺڣһУһƬƬ½½ûκ뷲ˣһƬ
½һɽȣɽڣһµӣĬĬϥ
ǰڴˣİƵȴǰӵһش
ͻȻǺ˫ۣһɾϢϸһѹƵİ㲻ʣ
Զ֮󣬻ڣӣظķ֮֮ôܲСһ
ڣӡɽڣչ˵أĴУͻȻ˫ۣһ˿ɻ𾪣Զ
ǰһȻ˾ͽϣͬϥ˿˫ۣĿһ¶Ի֮ɫ
ɽڣһʯʯɽ֮壬ʯ£ֻһ˳ϥһӣһڷ磬¶ɱĮϢ
Ǳ飬Ȼ֣һһ
ɽ壬ԻµĽأ˾ͽҪҲ֮Ů˪ͬУ
ҪҲҳ֣
һУֻΪʱ˵һ仰
ʯκˣȥ
˿̣˫ĿһȻһɫ¶ļ͵̧ͷƿԶܿеӰȴƾڤڤ֮еϵƸӦӰĴڡ
ʦ𣡣
ɽڣһƬݵ֮ϣɲ㣬һŮŮӣĬĬϥǰһֻ˶ϻϻɢſţʱۣߵŮӡ
ԶһƱɽϣһŮӣ겻֮˪ӭź磬ϥĬĬԶɫ䵭
ɽ£һéݣԺУվһӣ͸ɣԿʱӢ
御ܴڣȥ壬ûʵһ㡣
վԺ̧ͷɽ壬Ŀ¶һɴǧĳ޻ڡ
ͬǱ׷ܲڣһŭ˻ꡭ
ɱɱɱɱҪɱһ飬Ҫɱһʯ쾪
ڣʬ֮أһʵʣԱǿյĿ⣬ȻңңĿ졣
֮Լô
ڣģֻƽĿ⣬³ӣûȥԷǻǰȥ³߹Ѫӡ
³ɫ԰ף߹û˰ֹͷɫ֮ӣ͸ŨŨĿɬ
³ӵȸǹ֮ʱ³ӣһ緲ˣϹӵ˼ֲǡ
ʶͬԷĶҲ㳹׵˺˴棬ǻһ飬ĻΪȻˡ
Ķ³һ·³ȴƱˣֵĲͣԲĶ鶯誣³һ𺳣
ӿɬ³߹̤ͣ͵ڣѪӵǰ
ѪɫҰףٵɲǣȻХһ˫֮£ȴҪӸǼ˺󣬴һ˦֮УʱȴһõӰֱӻû


1497 
ӰտʼлģɲǼʵ˹ӣĿڣǵ㼱˸
ɴСӣͨɢĹ⣬ѪһͬһХ
ɫ糣Ŀ⴩͸Ѫӣǹϡ
ĳǰҲҷ
üĹǵתϢȻɢʱǵͷ­ûһֿСϣֱɨȥ
Ѫ䣬ֵĿͷ­ĿںһѪӸܣԼ˫۴ʹƺҪԷĿͬ˳Լ˫Ŀ͸ֱӳԪڡ
ѪӲҽһѪһ֮£˺ĽŲȻһ٣Ŀ£ƶֺ
ĸоԼƤƱİ¶Ѫ⣬ѪڶԷĿģҪԼ壬չ¶Ѫڵɭɭ׹ǣ
ĹͷҲĿ·֮¶µԪ
ɱ㣬ȴĳ׮ǵһ׮Ȼǵ׷ɱ֮䣡ڶ׮ҦŮֵĳŵ
㡭򵥵һ仰ƴӰ˰ǰص
ѪӲҽ֮У˺ѵڣǾֵԪϣһѪԪüĳ֣´ֱ죬Խ侱Խأֱ
Ȼ䣬ѪһѪӵԪмһΪ
Ԫ˺ѵɲǣһ£ΪѪ⣬ͣ͵ڣְ⣬ķѣ
Ѫӵûнһ¶ˣ
Ԫ˺ѵɲǣһŨŨѪںȥȻ䣬֮ǰöӰںϡ
һɴСľ޴ɲǾͳ֮ڣĿǵ㼱˸ϣݺ⣬һŨŨѪ븯Ϣ
һ˻ӣȥɫ͸һɾ֣ںܾ֮ǰѪںϣѪˣĲڵĹϢ
ʱֻǷڣԶˣ⣬ָѪӽҦ˱˵ӣҪȥס֣ͨȡϢ
֮壬Ϣ˵ͬҲתһЩܹкô˵ʱ䡣
ȴôҲ벻ľٶΪ˽յĶ
˿˺Уɹ˫ǰ裬֮ԴǻγһƬͨʮɫ£̺ŨŨֱֶȥ
ûֱ֣֮󣬾ʮ޴˸֣ɨ֮£ڿգһ˻ȴÿһڣһ޴Ӱֱɣ
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Ѫ֮󣬾ǧŰپʮ֣֮Щÿһ涼̺ŨŨо綾ڣ˿̳ıƽ֣
˿ȻƴһУ֪һսԼɣȴģ
һָû鶯誳֣Ķǲ˺Ļ́ǰֱӴһȭ
Χڣʿǰ³ӵ֮£ĵһȭ
һȭţ죡
һȭ˲䣬ǵͷ­ȻŤߴֱ뵽ұȭͷ֮ڡ
Ǻ¡¡ľ촫ǿգǿһɲǶֹͣתʿĿ£³ӻͷĿȥУӶ˼ٺ£һȭƵ
ǰɹļʩչͨһȭ֮£
ȱģǾɨѸɢֻĻƻǿջصȴ˲䱻ֵһȭصҲȥ
֮󣬱ǾʮŸ֮³Ӱ˻һȭ¸ȻԶԶȥһȭӳǰһȴһ޴ȭӰȭͷɢֱǰ
ײʮŸӰ֮ϣЩӰһȫ
Ӱ֮ģǾŰپʮŵѪΣѪȫõȭͷϣȴͬˮһȭͷϵ˲䣬鱬˿޷赲ȭͷ㣡
֮ص£һȭ񣬷һУǾǧŰپʮŵٽЩδȭͷ㱻һɷ֮Ȼһȭǹ
һжɲǼ䷢ǹвϵغˣ˫ֺʮ֮£͵̧춯أ
巨
˲䣬һɫĹâƾճ̧˫ֺʮ֮ϣâ͸ŨŨת۾ͻһѾ޴
ͨɫХ䣬һɼΪƣУȻйǵ˸
ǵ㣬ܴ֮ڣԿ˵
Ź˫·ݺݵһնǼ˻УϹ죬һ޴ĻΣֱõȭͷն£
˫һ
ûϵԷССڣȻй巨
ЦУֻӳȭͷָſٵɲǣһץȥ
ת˲֮УϹֵƣȻһһɾ޴ĳƿܺɨ
õƣһѾץסɴ˵Ҳ޷ѳץס֮£ֻ˻һ
ǹҽһڱ֮Ӽٺˣ¶ǳ֮ƶУк𶯣Ψֵӣվһɫûа仯ֻһͷ׷ѣ
鶯誶ĬĬվ鶯ɫƽǱ档
誱ϾԵǿת˿ֵ̿Ŀ⣬ЩӡԽǿĸӱԽŨֻüĵĹūӡȴѹԪݲа㷴ǵŵϢͬɽǰϵĸо
ǺõΨõ֮ЩˡһӣʱǱץŵֱС
ͬʱǹһ֮£Ӽٲһɾ޴֮޷˳㣬ӲܿƵģͱǰһѾץĲӣ
аɴСץȥɲǣȴǼСջһ㣬˾
Ҫɱң֪һܣһܣҦйأȥһͨͨΣ£ʱֵļ
˫Ŀһδǻͷһȭ֮ɫ԰׵³ӡ
ԭԭʹֹĳȴ
³ӳĬ֮ȷˣµѼȻѾסϷҪսˣ
֮ū³ӱϾǵʿǣ˵𺳣Ҫ棬ȴǾܣ


1498 һ˽Թ
³һȭ¶΢Ц
֮£һսʱĳ³ӵĪҪ⡣
̬ʼһ³ӣҲûг裬³ӳĬƬ̣̾ɫһ˿Цݣֱȭ
Ϊҽ֮Ϸʰ·磬ֻһʲ⣬ܵѣԡ³ûȫ˵ֻһǿվͷ
ֺЦͷ
鶯Ŀ³ϣһȭϷ鶯̫ǳ鶯棡
³Ӿ²⣬˿鶯ĻȻݡ
鶯壬棡
鶯̫ǳ壬ֻһˡ鶯ջĿ⣬ƽĿڡ
λǡ³鶯һȭܶԷ֮ū³ԷͬԼͬĴܵѡȭ֮³ӿǳĬ誡
誣̫ǳ棡
³һ˻˵ǿ֮УɻԪ֮ǰѪ֮Ӱ˲²⣬֮ǰ˵ڽ⣬һ䣬̷ǣ̫ʱһӴĲ
֮ˣͨӰйأ䴫оԶʶ֮Ũɳܣ˿誵Ļ³̾ȷ˶Էݣ
־Ȼȥ˽⣡Ǵӽ֮Ϊū⡭³ӿֵĿ⣬ʱͬΪܣԼ֮Ϊūͣжѣ
ǧȥн׼ֱͬӹȥū
³ӵΪȻ鶯誣üĶͬһģȻǱǿūͣ
ִ˿̱ϾûΪһѶȾ͸
鶯û˵Ӧǽ֮һֲ򵥣ڽ⣬׶ʲô飬һǾ춯أ³һˣ˿̣Ķ֣ȴ˾壡
ѣȥ˽⣿³һɨ֮ǰȭʵ
֮ǰǴӽ³ӵı仯ֿҲֲ֮ˣԷԩ޳˵ԼΪˣūͣҲŰ裬Ǳ˴˿Դ
ãã֮ǰƺڡͬʱԵ֮گĴ򣬽̫ǳٴηҽڵļҽڼ֣ĴıݣʹĴͨУ޷
Ĵͬʱս׼Կ裡ϷڽƺһҽʱϷɽһССɾۿǳĲս
Ѵӽضڽ伫Ϊ˽⣬£Ϳҽ֪ǽ֮ı仯
Ĵڣʹý֮ޣ󶼴ãȻ֮У֪̫ǳΨС֪ȴǰһ̽ʶ꣬Ϣսǰ˵ǼΪ֮£
ֵĻ³ȫĲȥǶ֮ǰĽţЦ
֮£ĳӦһЩֺЦڡ
ѿɻ££Ҷ˳̸һϷеɽµĺþƣԼúȣˬ죬ҳΣ³ӹһЦֵһ
˿̵ƺ˷Ż˵֮
йһ
ϷԵı仯ʿһĿɿڴӶˣҲЩӦ˱Ͼǳ֮³ĸˣһҲµһЩ³ӵ˼
³޳ִӽպȻڽ죬ȻҪһ֮ǰֺǿҲ³̨ף³ǻʶ࣬׻ꡣ
ʶҪԴ˻֮ǰĲ죬ⷬ˼ȻҲ˳㺬Цͷ
޵Ϲ֣Ī֮ܲ˶һ㣬ҲС
³΢ЦУһ˦ֱӱн˦ǰǽɣһֱ֮ƾճ֣
ܣӰ˶ǿնڣϷǿУХ裬չ¶һɺƵơ
֮Ӱû˷һݡ
ֻ룬¡أԴ޷¶һɣ¶³Ӷֵӣǽ˵һݣǶ֮ǰֹ֣Ǹ⡣
ֵѣ룡³ЦˬʣֱȭУͬʱȺ̤֮ڡ
һɽû˲Ϣ޴У֮ûһƬˮھȻЦˣˮ𣬽Ӱڵ֣ˡ
Ǻԣ֪ʱһͤ鿣Ա߻ԣڴ֮һڣ顣
ӶˣһߣӵĿˡ
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ֶƱʶһɨһںȸɣ˫ĿʱһڲºȴһֱתůȫͬʱǷڷ㡣
þƣ̾
ѣϷ֪ڽⶼʲôľɷ˵Ϸ¾Ʊ³Ц
¶΢Цѽ֮£ѡһЩ̵˵˳
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³Ӻһھƣ¶ء
߰ءһ˾ɢˣΪ䲻Ǵܣоȴ֮ģ
Աߵ鶯誣ҲֻǴ֪֮йأδ飬˿ţ׷׶ݡ
λòͬĽǶҲʹһ鶯໥ۣĬ
Ӷ˰ԣҲֵĻ¶֮ɫ𾪵ĳڽľٶжɢ˵ľ塣
ǰɢˣºԥһ£ȭʵ
ҡͷ֮׷ɱҴҶߣȴûɢйϵ
˵ⳤ׷ɱһĻĻգ³о˸ܿһ˵ȫʵڣľԼԷǺѶȹ
йص֮ԼһЩصĵطȻȥᡣ˵Щ³𺳣й֮º󣬸³
ˣ͸˵ˣһĻĻգˣһΪλ
ֵĿ⣬Ȼؾ塣Ӹˣң뵱һĻĻٿգиӵͬʱҲ֪Էһоǽң
ӣĳս棬սҰĿϣһڡ
һȫһ̧ͷɫ¶һݡ
ǰ֪浽ʲôط


1499 ߲ʽ
սҰܣȻɡֳĬƬ̣ڡ
һһΣɫ԰ʶ˳ܿɫŨŨ˫Ŀ
桭ɡսңʹ뽾ȫսҰÿһ˶ڿĵȴĹ
սҰսҵҫ˿̣ҫֵһϢȻ
ԱߵӣҲɫһ䣬˵֮ˣʱѾãȻΪһ֣ŹսһĻĻԻ֮£˵ս֮ĵλȫ
սҰ
³ӷбӣ¶𾪣սҰ֮ʱԷȻﵽ˿ڴԲνһ㣡
³ӵ껹ܵսҰĶݣʶڵУڣ˱⣬ǲ֪ȥսҰ֮⡣
˿ֻĬ
ϢشѪһϣ̧ͷ˫ĿȻѪ˿
ǰ֪εɣﻺȴ͸һ캮⡣ţսңûȥΪ渴𣬵Ҷ֪Ǿģ
ֻҪ֪˭ɱ棬ǱһȥǸľģ
³ӳĬҲ֡
ǿŹҽڣ߲ʽڡ߲ʽУеɽ֮޾ʿ֮߸սҰܵźƺ߲ʽڣҷ֡
ɱ֮ˣΪ̫ǳ𣡡ֻ˵Ŀ׷֮ɫ
ְ߲ʽ²ֵһһ˵ӵеɱȴûɢŨŨս⣡ս⣬սҪȥ
𶯣й߲ʽĻһµ¡
³Ӷݣ͵վӣĿһֱȭѣ¹ϵ̫߲ʽĴڣͬڽڣһ֣Ϸ߲ʽΪҽڴĺƽ٣
ҽһʿôֱʣϷҪȥƺ֪ڣϵҽȫѰµ߲ʽ磬Ҫȫ𣡡³ɫΪأĿ鱳صĪգֵѣڵֿ֮ʱ֣֮
뵽ڴսУͻȻڴ󲿷ʿ׷׵һĻĻ棬³ӵһ
ܣûУ
ֵͷ˷ҲǴ֪һЩ֪ڣΪǽҪչĴսԼһ
й߲ʽʼճĬɫ粻֮ǰֵ£ԽԽ
ӵĪ֪߲ʽڣһӣʵ
һ³ҲĿɨȥ֮ǰҲӵ˿̿ȥʱȴԷĻش
³һݣǴ׷ɱӳ졭˵һ֡
кܶԭ漰˽£㲻ٶ˵»˵ĳϣܲڣһ硭
ǰ֪㷽˵߲ʽڣ־ߡʧߡ
ɫһ˵ͷ
ǱûˣӦһ߲ʽ磬ܲڣӳ
³һ˿â֣ȭѣ޷дϷҪȥǰڡ
߲ܲʽ磬ĳ𣡡ƽڡ
ãѳ֣˵Ǵ߲ʽ磬Ȼ³ӵͷ
ϯݣ³ӵ˵ȴǲ֮ǰһս˿໥³Ӵһ˦ֱǰǿȥ
鶯˱ջ¯ڣҪ뿪ȥһ£ԥһҧֱȭڡ
ǰ¶˺Ϥдǰȥˣɷһͬ棡
ãֻٲ˵ջȥ޷ȷʱ䡭һڵ
޷¿ȥȴǰȥܲɢʶͿҵ£ǰڵϣĪҪܾԴǿУ֡
һˣС˵ⷬĻɫЩӡ
ӣļǵãɽڣԷ˵ˮսǽޣԾֱʣôɽΪмһĻĻ¡
ԣֳĬƬ̣˵
˵һ˦ǰһȥת֮ʧڣӰ٣ֻʣӶˣȥķɫԽӸ
ˡˡ̾˿
δĽڣˡҡͷֽӴһĻĻ䣬ֳ
ڣӰǰÿһԽ޾룬ص죬ļȥʣһ
һ飬ѰȴΪһս׼ʵڵһ
𺳣Ȼ𶯲ѣûʸʵã£аգȥѰңȥܻ
ҪԼĹ֮ޣ
ʵǹ֮ʱͿ֮ޣȴʼûߣǵǼ˵Ķȴʵ޷á
ǼȣҲ硣ƺޣʮףҲ벻ۣ֮
˵ûսǾһƳǿ󣬿ȵʹǰҲ޷ֿޣڱصã
ǰУ¶һ˿Ȼս⣬£ֱǰԽ޾ǿգҪֱ򣬵ʱӰͻȻһ١
֪·ɫЩ꣬ǰǡ
ǧǣȽǣ
ǧǰ֮ѷ죬һȥǣȽơ
ƽȹһƽ̤˴ǵɽԽ˴ǵĺӣһҶ£սʤ˴ǵĺ
ƽһصģƽһĸٻ۷塭ȴһʵ
길֮飬ڿȽǵһ˲䣬ֵл֣һֵͬģȻȥĴʹ
ֵĿ⣬ǧϡ
껯ҵһĻĻ֮£ָӵü
һ̾ϢǿڻصֳĬУûٿǧãȽǣһȥ
Ƚǣǧǰһû̫ı仯ƺǧʱ䣬ڴ˵ֻת۶ѣڣѷǡ
ĹˣѾѰҲˡ
ȽǣѾ＾һ˿˿⣬ؼһƬƬҶճһĻĻɫĹӰ
ҹ
ȽڣһĶУһͥԺͥԺںİͥԯǰڤĵ߸ڷҡʹǵƻкУĵҹɫ磬֮ĸߴ


1500 ȽȽ佫
󼱴ٵĿ֮ͥԺڵľǲϣѾ˷꣬Ĵķ磬Ҳƺ
ХʹͥԺĵζĸΪңһڤϢӿ
ζͬʱҪͥԺڣһлĹꡭ
ŵĻζĿϣԺɫɰдһ֡
ң
⼸˼žļȣͥԺڵķ׷׽ŲȴūɫҴҵͥԺһͨ⡣
˿棬Ѿ߽վ󣬻á
ʲôˡɳƵڴ͸һƣ
ڡеһˣɫǽǣǰҪڡ
ʱͥԺͻȻ֮ԶƼҹУԣܿԽԽͥԺĽֵϣƥսХǰƥϣһӣףɫŭԱߵƥϣһñӵ䣬ͷ紵ɢߡ
ɫ԰ףսٶ̫죬ʹ¶֡
ͥԺǰ⼸ƥս˻Хͣ£һץߣһֱԺڣһ·ۣ⡣
ڣõҽҪΪһ
֣лǧ꣬´޽ȷҽ߿ɳƵ֮ʱֿʼ
˽֮УŴڴ򿪣һͷ԰׵ϸˣѾߵĲ£˳
հǶ֪գЩȣҳ⣬κ޵ߣ˵ҲȥĲпᣬȼסĪҪ޵ܸⷲ󣬱õѡˡ
ȿɼס֮ϸ˿У˫ĿͻȻһɣ¶⣬ǰЩһһɨ
һѹɢˣʹЩˣǴ׵ӣ£ɫ̿Уæǡ
סͺãסͺáɢ˰ɣһ˰һ¡ϸйâȥܲϣȻԿ֮ʱӦһ֮ˣϲѵˡ
ĻЩصﲻҲӣ׷ȥЩʹϸߵѾߣҲ֮ɢˣҹɫе⣬İ
ϸ̾ϢһһԵʯϣձڸЩģ׷¡
ˣϲ䡭Ҫ뿪ҲĲϲѵ˵ë˵һѵҲ࡭ϸԺֳһ˵Ӱ
ǸˣΪǲеССʿɢУߣεĽѵ
Уϸ˵ϣ¶һ˿΢ЦܿģڼУҵ˲Ŀ֡
ͥԺ⣬£УһӰ֪ʱ
ǰͥԺȽǺʶУأֻʣôһĹˣһ˼ŮװСʿ
ĴˣÿÿԼѵ̣Լר޵˷еõ֮ա
ܿԷԣֶģָопȣǶأů
ԣˣʼռǵá
û뵽ǧصǣΨһʣµĹˣǵŮӡ
ϸ΢ЦµԺţŲصУŲߣĽӽ˴ԺѰ⡣
ĬĹˣŮ裬˵顣
ֵĵ緲һŲ֮ûȥʲôҲȥʲô
˵ôһ£ϸüͷһ壬δתѵ
ǧһ𣬸ҪôֺЦڡ
ϸ˶Уϸ˶ʱһ㶣תͷпԶ֣һ֮£һ
ľϸ֣֮¶΢Ц
ʲôʱġϸûӵǰʧ̬ܿͻָԪȲӵˣΪҲǴ磬ֻѾ͸һУ˿ֻǿ˵ϲãûˡ
ã·Ƿйˡϸ˶棬źһ
У˵ԱҪͲŮֹϵһֹ˵飬ҲãŮҲգǵһĻĻ䡣
һҹֺܿģĻͥԺڻصʱܴ龡ܲɳƣǧǰһһЦ
İ·ĺ⣬Ҳɢϣ紺һ㣬зů
ɫ߳һƬǰİױߣ쿪ۣ֮ڱպУ
ľôߵİɫ֮ʱڡ
ȻһѾƣˣٴȥҲû壬ȥϴ΢Ц֣
ı⣬Է´˵ɫƽȡһöҩԱߣ̾ϢٴοϸһۣûлͷԺȥ
ȥıӰнԶǰ˻㱣ƺص˵꣬ԼϥڹĴʯ⣬Ľѵһٱչصꡣ
֪֮ʲôҸ㣬ڷܣ
˵ãڷܣн֮գ￴ط꣬ʿܶѾﵽ˻Ϊⷿڣδй䡣
ϸϵ΢ЦŨˣֻЦ£ģȴһ˿Ρ
峿⣬أ˺ҹĮʹĺƺҲ˺ܶ࣬һ˿˿ů⡣
ƵģģήҶƮȥ
У̤˴ߵɽ壬ûʩչ緲һһȥ
ͬ꣬ƽɽ
һĽУվںӱߣĿԶ
УһҶ۶У̤ǹ֮ϣӭź˵ء
ƽɽǣأΪɽҪӵаǣ֮£֮УκεطҪ̧ͷɣ
Ҫ󽭵ĴϢ̺һɼ⽭ӱ㲻֮һֻʬ⣡
Ϊ󺣣ΪȥӵǺһأһеĿ㿴ʱʲô
߹ɽӣ߹ƽԭ߹˴֣߹ǵһĻĻƽ㼣ǹ񣬾⣬պڣΪպ֮ˡ
һס
һڴʱƽķˡ
ػعʵأ˼꣬ƽĻ꣬һͷ׷û¶Ӱ뿪İȽǣԶȥˡΨһ̾Ϣڻصþòɢ
Ƚǣ˼壬ȽΪΣ֮⣬ɢƶ䣬ȽȽ佫⡭


1501 ڤ1
飬Ȼ˾Ƚȥûκͣ٣䣬ֱǿռۣ²ƻصӰضߡ
һ飬ڱصã
ڣһطＫΪǳóȻȥпʧ򣬱棬ԶҲ߲
Ľأ
ܣʿ·ҲѡܿԸٽ
ããڣһЩޣЩƺƣ˵࣬ڣȴԳһ磡
ʶܵĵѸȫ
ֵӰһǿյĲŤ£Ƭ֮⣬ǰڵŨ˫оһ
ɽ뿪󣬱͵ǳ޵ڣѡ֮˳󣬻ͷȥľһƳ
Ӵޱȣ羨һľ޴֮ޣڤ
˿̣һ£ǡڤ
ڤޣӴʵ֮ǿƾףȴǼΪСܣӴӣ⵨СԸ񼸺ȡ
ˣ⵱ϣڤߣȴǼΪ³ӣ֪һͷڤޣȴҲһ޵ͷ
³ӵΪڴ޶˼ɵɼǿĳ̶ȣǴԸŰ콫Ϊƽ٣
£˵ӴޣͬҲǣ
ڤޣֻͨһͨ黯ӣӴӣ¶֮ʱпܼߣҲѱ˲
ԸСһܵţ̾ͻѡޣһ㣬ҵ
ڶͨ黯ȫͬڶͨ£Ҳã³ҲãȫҪӣ
ڤޣһ磬˽ɴС仯Ī⣡޵Ψһ̣ͨ
һѴޱƼһ֮£ǿ𶯣ҲãҲãʿҲãǣһƬҲȫһ֮£ڣһ磡
ڤ겻ſڣſһ
˵ģһڤɣôڵһ磬˲Ϣת꣡
û»ͨеģֻɲţ
У̫ʱһͷڤޣڱ˱ƽ֮ȻڣһƬǿ壬ֱǧתǿճΪ˳ڵеˣ꣡
˽ڤޣֻǴһЩ֪޲Ǵδɶת£ƺͨ˵Ҳһּĸɡ
˵ˣȴȻ˸Ǵޣ
ֶڤ޵˽⣬Խһδε棬̫ʿļ󣬽йڤ޵ϢԺȫ
ҲΪˣڼͶڤ޺ܸȤʶһ£
ΨһģǵɽΪοԽڤΪáоһۿڤޣܵ޷ȻΪֻӴѣʵ̫ࡣ
ҲǾ֮зɽޡɫ¶أҽ̧ǰһ˻һ׺磬ֱ
ٶ̫죬ת֮¾ͳڣһ룬ʱĴΧģ֮ԶĴֶУͬǺġ
ƬֽŲϣƾĪĻԵԱ̶λָ߳£ȴǲ˼Ǽٶ£ϵǰС
ɢʶư˷ɢ֮£˵޷ȫڵһУȴǸġ
򲻵ѣֲ鶯誶չʶڤ޲ʿӼΪСһʶţ̾ͻἱٶȥ
ӶݵҲ޷һԷ黯֮ӶݣѰἫѣΪɱڤޣҪô޳ΪԼĹ֮ޣ
ǰУɫΪأ֮죬ڲϵ˸ÿһɣܼĿȴѰķʽڲϵѰڤ޵ټ
ʱ仺ȥûκƣͬһˣû֮أѰѰҵĹУһͷͷĸޣϵسֵʶڣЩ޼棬ʶɨȫӾ𣬴һҲҶҲ𲻳㡣
ڣӰһ޾룬ֵļУذڵ̽ʮ֮
ûκڤ޵ļ󣬴ڵľһֺ󣬷ʧһ㣬ʧɫأûа㲻ͣĬмѰȥ
أֵӰԽƬڣһδεѰ֮㼣鲼Ľ롣
ûκڤ޵ĺۼѾ뿪ڴ˵һ
üͷһ壬лǷ鶯ʶ̽뷨ƽǰٴμۣʶΪϸܡ
ʱţѰҹķΧϵؼӴĴһ룬Ľ˳ɣʱͻȻһ٣оȻһʶǰڡ
ǧУһƬԼɴСʯȺЩʯ¼ʮƯУƶ
Ŀ⴩͸ңңƬʯȺϣǰһΣ磬ֱӴ͸ԽǧɣƬʯǰ
ĿȥЩʯɫˣʯһһ֮ںһγµһĻ
̤һʯϣֵһã֮ڴ꣬Ϻݺݵһץǵһ£ץһ֡
ϸĿ˼ۺ¶֮â
ЩʯڣɢһŲɣ̺˼ΪŨһʯͺȻһŰ̺ȫȣ
ֻ侪ˣȴûа鶯һû
δ˵ʯʯǼƷʯ޷Ƚϣһõȥʯһ޷ۣ
ֻŵĺۼӣжȹһʹôȻһ٣˫͵Ķеʯ
ºۼºۼץסһЩʲôʶһƬʯϺɨµϢȻйâһ
ڤ޵й֮ǰЩʯɫ¶졣
ûˣڤ޲֪Ϊ˼ǣһתţʹǼǻ˵ȥڵһʹЩʯΪŨͬʱȴûаµϢ
ڤޣҪȡҪȷӡӴ󣬲ⲿҪ⣬ڣҲҪӡ
Ŀ˸ڤѾƵ׼
ⲿӡһɣѵڲӡķӡ


1502 ڤ2
ǰƬʯȺǰһӣ̱һɿɨƬʯϣϢ£ЩʯȫڵֱӾһץ֮£һ֮ϣγһ
ָ֮ϡ
ʱ˿һƮҡ𣬻һȦֱҲ༲ۣĿһӽ˿֮Ҳ޾ڣǰС
ʯ˵û鶯˵ºۼͬǴڤڶ棬һ˿ڤ޵Ϣ
ϢָͿҵڤޣ
Ŀ˸Ӱһ㣬Ǽǰָ˿ȥ
ǰУϲɫһĸܵһѹԶɢѹ֮£ûκ޸Ҵ
ڴɲǣѹƻһɴʹһ
˼ڲѹעǰ£ԼɢʶֱɷΧͣ¡
ͬʱ˿ƿһȥ
ԽǰУѹԽǿԽϣͬɽѹѹ󣬿ȴûκĿ¶ŨŨ˷ս⡣
ǰһӣǰ۵˿һ֮µ봢ռڣվ촽һŻ𣬺ɨȫ
ڤ޲ǿ֮ȤԽǿҽ֮ȡԽֵãˣſԳΪҹ֮ޣ¶΢Цǰȥ
أѹԽԽֲϵؽӽƺǰϢһͷ޷Ĵڣڳ˯ѹˣϢɢ
ѹɢУܵŰ˷ƳǴϷ֮¿ȥĿͬƣѹ⻭
֣֮У˷ܣﻺٽ
ڤ
ʶڰңѾҪʶҪ˿ָƾѹͿҵڤޣ
ˣϢܾĺɨ£󣬺ԥǰһȥѹԼ񱩵һ˲䣬¶캮⣬ٶȻͱ
֮ǰһоٶƣΪĳ׵׼һɲǣֵٶȣȻﵽǹȫ³ӣҲ޷ȣ
޷ݵٶȣȻԴһ˲ϢȻϢǻûȳֵƿ֮ݺݵ˦ֱǰ
ǰܵѹǰ߽⣬ɢ
ת˲֮У־ͳ׵׵ƿǰǰǰ֮⣬һͷӴޣ
ͬ㣬ӵĴСʮɣʿǰͬϣ
ڤޣ
첿ߣ޴ӣӱ֮ڻػζ֮ڽգ˫ĿҲǺţڳ˯һ
һƬԶԶȥͬһƬ֮ƯѹŰ˷ɢ
ִӳֱ֣ĿôޣȫɲǼ䷢˫Ŀͫûаͣ٣ֱǰһȥ
ɡʮɡʮɡʮɡֱɣ
ٽɵ˲䣬̧ǳ˯еڤޣݺݵһ£
֮һɲǾ𣬸֮ǰǼµٶ˦Ҳһ˲Ϣ׷һ춯أƬľ޴죡
Ǻ¡¡һ֮ˣ˺ѣ
񣬵Ŵ֮壬Ϊ֮ޣ֮£ֵڤϣһƴС̺˵Ϣķӡǡ
ⲿӡѳɣ¾ڲӡҲܽһУѵ֮ӡΨַӡȫɣޱɳҹޣ
ڤȻһ𣬴ֱӱһŭĴֱ֮ͬܵͨӾѹ֮ǰľ죬ײ֮γһ޷ݵĳ֮
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ʿȫĸܣ𶯣
ڤǳɨϣӼ˳ɣÿһ£кصµǿճֲ¶·һƬ֮֮Ƿ󣡣
ڤ£˫Ŀ͵Ķ֣Ӽ趯ͺдͬʱӴӾȻûкˣ丹ĺУ¶棬ֱײ
˫һȥѪͬʱ쳤Цͬûк˰㣬ڤײ֮ʱֱӭ̤
˵ӵСӣҿʱҲȷˣ޲֪ΪξȻûӶݣˣã֮ȴüĹתȻ䱩ͣת֮£ͻǧ֮
һ˫쿪ڤײ˲䣬һѱס˴Ӵӣͺ֮У̾͸ܵһɴӶԷϷĴѪͬʱӵŵŵŲϺˣ
һˣǧɣ
ɫеս⣬ȴǸΪŨЦص˫Ŀڤ첿ͺ֮ص
Щ˼ĳƴãֵͺǿԼͣ£ͣٵɲǣڤڴĴٴϮ֮Уü߸ǵתУ֮ڣʹֲͣӣбڤǰݺݵһ
ǿ𶯣ֵЦ˷սⰻȻͬʱҲѪ˿ڤһɲǣûκͣ٣ٴ˵ڶ
ڤڴƺ޷ֹڴĹֵ֮Уϵرȥ
ٶԽԽ죬һһ
ʮɡʮɡһɡֱһǧɣ
ƾɴСڤԴ˫ѣɼıкƳԽǧ֮˫ȫ֮ӿڤֱգ˫־ޣ·ݺݵһ˦
죬ܼٵȻγһƬп֮أڤӴһ˦ֱ·ȥ
޴촫Уڤڵ͸֣и¶־֮ɫ羨һβ˦֮£սڱ׳˲䣬·ȥ
Ϊޣ汾߳أ˫Ŀһĳһƣ̺˱Ϣһ£Ȼڤڣ
˿̿ڤӶݣǰһȥٽǰȥڤ޵ɲǣȴ͵һת֮ǰֵĿ־ȫʧ¶һ˿ǣ


1503 ڤ3
ûаη֮ɫ֮ǰһУȫΪԻԷΪҪ߶һе׷ˣ뵽ļ֮У
ﻹʲôڤޣһͷһ̶ȵ飡
תһɲǣڤڵƶ޴Ŀڣſһ϶
ڤ겻ſڣ
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źйһڤڱӲĽſİ֮ٴ󣬰ɡɡ˰ɡǧɣ
һԱǿյĳڴɲǣֱֶȥͷٳҪ˺ѣ˫䡣
ڤſǧ֮ڣٴǧɡǧɡǧɣֱǧɣ
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ɲǼ䣬һӴǺԽԽ죬һɨֱڤޣ
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߿ǵתһָȻӡڤ޵Ļ֮ϣ
񣬵Ŵ֮⣬꣬Ϊ֮ޣ


1504 ڤ4
ֻ͸һɲɵڳڵһɲǣת߿ǵֱӾӡڤڡ
һǣһ֮ͬʱڶššĿȫ
һɲɣĻȻʹǵУ
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ʱʱȴתȥ鶯ԱΪۣõʱȻڤͨһ磬ٴδ򿪣ɨֵ̾˱ļ
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֮صɲ˼ͬʱ
ɲǣϢҶкڶߣٴαƽкһ򶨣˵ΪڤޣѾ˺ܴĴۣǳɹ鶯ȻްؼʱʧܣôΪأ
֮ǰȻϸķµһУ֮ڣ
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ʯϣѪĿһζΡ


1505 
һж˲Ϣ䷢Щ־֣߳Ļصɲǣ޴ʯûڤϡ
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Ϊ⼫ΪĶҺȴгֵʱ䣬Ƴǻӵڤޣ
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ӳֵɲǣǰһֱӾٽûڤſѸ͵ľͷֻʣһ˿ķӡ֮ϡ
һڤûſĴڣƵص


1506 ֮
һƣֵľģҲҪڤ޳ΪԼ޵ǿԸһ£صȴڤͷǽҪɢķӡ̾Ʊµ
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ԶԶȥӵĳ̣ڤ޼趯ǿ֮£һĻ
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Ӵ£ڤ޴ſ޾֮󣬷һ޴ĺڶȻ£Ǿ޴ӣٵı³ϵ֮󣬻ԭĴС
鶯¯УջعǵڣһУվڤǰüͷһ塣
ڤ޼ңج֮ƺ߲ʽʱ̫һЩ֮ƴһЩϣһ֮ֻǴҲδ̫֣ôܻһְ˼⣬Ĭ̧ڤһ
ڤһһ߲֮âдſĴڣһʮɴСĳɫʵĴƮ

һɹɵϢӵŵĳֶ֣ǳɫн
⾳ҪԴɣΪѣ⾳ȫǵĵԴԲ̧ǰһӣ̾Ͱǳɫߡ
û˵֮ڤеϬ٣Ĵ㶵֣˴
ӣ뵱ڣ߲ʽѷʱûٴλجֻϾһЩʶԣ˵Ƿȴȵ˲١


1507 ̳
ⷢڤֱֱţ֣ҲЩ̫Ӧ˴޼ڣνŻĿ֮ˡ
Ǹ֮ˣڤһ֮У֪
ûйȥⲻʶ֮ˣڤһ㣬һĹֱֶȥ
üĵڶǵںϣʧ
ԶļѾȫ꣬ȴׯͬʱҲһЩĹˡ
̾Զȥ
ڤڣͨһ֮У˽ޱ޼ʣɴСʱһƬ磬ǿ֮УһɫãȻǱʿѾѰĳڡ
ģϵ꣬ûϵ̣һ뿪ˣֻ߲ʽ⵽ʲôط
ʿкã˼⣬⣬˼ꡭ
ģﵽĸ⼸һ˶ûĪһռѷ죿һͲأһ߳ϵϵعԼûб⼸ãȻѰҶҧ֮£ǰȥ
һɢѪɫǣããǺڿȥѪ죬ܣƺǸ˫۶ԸܵһɹŨѪϢ
ֵӰһŤ֮£Ѫɫ⡣
Ѫǣ̧ǰһӣ̱дռ֣ѪڵĹ̻ûץ˲ϡ
˵ɣʲôܣ
˵ˣҪȥǹɫ¶־æڡ
ܶãҿһƽ˵
һУңҲ˵ѻҲûãǹһ壬зԿ˵־壬ҧ˻
ĶеĹû˵Ŀ֮£ǹȴԽԽ־ˡ
˵ˡֻ֮ڣƾҪǰһӣ·봢ռ䡣
˵˵ǹľ
ҪӦƭңһ
üͷһ壬¶ͣǹһʱп⣬ن£æѪһصĿռѷ죬ֻܴ򿪣һ̳̳ӵĪͨԶɽ֮ӵĪ컯ϸ֮
һɹӵ
ȥ򿪣ǰһףǹ̻ɣȴʲô˼æǰѪǷȥ
ɫĮǹţһ·ٽѪǡ
ǰ΢ɲһ˿һţУѪǺ˫Ѫһ㡣
ѪǺһǾҵ£ǴزУȻһ޴ѷǶ
ѷᴩѪǣڲϵ֮£ͬһնһ㣬֮£ֵĿУӴѪǣмһΪķѿΪԲ
Բ֮䣬һѪ˿ӳƬԶԶȥĿҲѪ˿ŤĿģĿ޾Ѫ˿һʮɴСĿռѷ졣
ѷͬһſڣԵλдĽƷʹᲢ£
ǷֿѪ⣬վȻп־壬ˡѪ˿̺ҦѪұҴ·⣬˿Խ룬ѷǴһǿ̤ͻ
·ĿһƬƬѪ˿ɨڡ
ǹæͷСǰĿЩѪ˿иӦֿһ·
ǹ󣬻ǰȥ
˿кǽţ֪ܷȫһˣǰнǰѪ˿ãʹʮѷ֮⣬ĽȻ˼£ɫȴû¶㡣
ˣǼ̳桭ѷͣӣڣڵȣȶԷߵȥԼȥֻԼһͬȥпߵĳūͽȥ
һѡֻҪ˽ѷ죬ܴ˭ſѣ˿Ľűѹƣؼʱκ¶
ܽšĿ⿴ʮѷ죬Կһ̳һƬѪɫĳˮ֮ڣл˵
һ𣬼һ˿Цݣûȿڣȴһ仰ŵļɢ
̫ǳʧٵļ̳ƺ̫һջĿ⣬ЦƵĿ
㡭㡭ǹ¶޷֮ɫкôҲû뵽ԷȻ֪飡
ҵޣȳŵһ㲻ʳԣңٸһλᣡļ̳óƽŹԽƽڹԽǿĪ⡣
֪٣޷ֵɫϿ˼ŵһ仰ȴ־岻ѡ
ҸϢʱ䣡һֻڡ
ѷڣ㿴һ㲻ţҿȥȡһȥ¶һжԷʧȥһеĵֿɫУǿɬ
ȥɡƽŹ˺⡣
вѷȥھҪ̤һ˲䣬мһ
Ϊš̤룬Īڲ֪ʲôʱ˽ơһ̤ѷ죬ͻƣһûӶǰ̾ͻὫɱѷ⣬һľ룬ڹ˵޾֮ңҽȻֻ̧Ҫ¾ͿԽѷ죬ȴԥˡ
һͷɲǼ飬ǰѷ죬֮ѹԥҪҽ£ʱһ̾ϢĴùȥģ
Ӯˣδ֪
ˣɣ
ǲģһ
ʵĿɬУջҽţ˺󼸲̧ѷһץȻѷ𶯣Ǽ̳ȻӱУһѪɫĸ¥ٷɳѷһ
ͬʱѷ첢£ٵʧ
̳ݣֱѪ֮УֻһȻʧ١ϣسŵһЦУԱ˫ۣ֪Է֪٣Ĺͷûжȥ
ǰһӣӡ봢ռ䣬ĿѪϣҲһ
ĬƬ̣Ѫ󣬺һɲǾʧǿ֮Сǹܽƻ˵֪̽ɫָı䣬ȴǻһĶ֮Ķ֮УǹȻʧܡ
ͷƺ֮ӰûĿƺ֮û˱֮һƬտ
ˮӣ֮𣬽ĳ꣡
⣬̫ǳ
֮򣬴ÿһ֮Уÿһ̫֮
Զּ⣬ѹٴѣչ֮ս̫壬ӼᣬѪϴ磬ɽԶţ


1508 ɣ
ƺŽף֮ڣǴˮӴ˿ϥһɽ֮ߣһ£ͯӣ̧ͷգк˸
ܣɽ壬ǴӸ߿¿ȥԿɽָͬռǵĴ뷶Χֱ
֣֮Ҫȥء
գˮɫΪĻһ˿ڣ֮ǰܵϢ֮ʱˮӱ˲֮⣬ֵļԴ˼𺳣֪Էе𾪼
֮ǰ鶯誵Ϣˮв֪ܲ࣬ȴһ²⣬ֻ²̫ˣԼҲȥţԸȥš
ɺޣұϢ֪˽ȻܻŻˮɫĬǰһӣʱɫ䣬Ƶ֮£ȴôһ˿٣ˮǰֻ֮ס
ֻƺɱˣ֮˻𴫱ǣɿųˮǰ
ֻƺףˮһҧһѪݣֱֻƺ׶ȥһһںϺ򼲳۶ߡ
죬˻֮ƿأǿ֮Уһ·Σ˸١
ƺʧ֮ˮӳĬƬ̣ǲģ̧ǰһץеٴηɳһƶöƯ
һöˮ˫Ŀ¶ɱ
Ϸڴ֮ټƺ֮ޱս֮ޣⲼþ󣡡һ˦֮£ֱʧ
סڶöˮɫ
߽֮׷ȥԪڣԪ֮סڣϷһ£Ԫնһ
ӿɱȻۣʧڣˮûͣ٣ѵöС
ľüϷˣָΪΪ˶񱨴Ҫҩ߳չ֮أϷ򣡡
˦ǵöʧնȥ
Ϸ֮ڣϷǰһţ
öء
̫ޣΪ֮ʣȻΣǰ⣬ϷˮӣΪҿ֮ķӡػع磬Ҫɱһˣ
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ˮһ˿ɢǲģס˵ö򣬳ĬƬ̺ɷһ
ƺٺӡˡ죬Ϸˮӣ֮ͯӣʼΪػڣڵڶսУºպչͣ
Ϸõ׼ȷϢһʿΪ֣ǽ֮һؼǵõԶ棬ƾƻڣȴϷ
ӽͼҷ磬̫ǳǰļϸ֮
գϷʿɱˣ
ɱߣɵã
ɱߣΪҽںܣ
ɱߣ
ɱߣϷԸΪūǧ꣡
ˮɫ͵ǰһӣǴֱӷɳʧǿ֮ڣ
ҪɱңС֣ҿɱˮöдһ
Զɣʶֽҷ֮㣬ԵֿΣ֮УԶɽ٣ˮŵöһѪһӣЩѪϣһѪɫķġ
ֳ֮ɢѪ⣬ֱӳվͷѪһ֮£Ѫɫ֮ڡ
ҲڸǣΪѪɫ
ģѪɫճһ޴Укתͨһ磡
ˮ̧ͷһץǰ˴ռ䣬âһ֮£һƬˮлû
׳һɲɣϢģһ
˼ΪݱʾǷ֮ͯӣԶɽ٣ԶɴͱˮӸ߾ٹףڵء
Ѫɫմ֮ģһĿֱ£ˮӾĹ֮ϡ
½֮ޣ׵ȷǷɷһִ˱ڣýӻ֡ʱ䣬㹻ԶλߣްѪɫתУϵĻﴫĽһķ
һһɫ
½ĹУ֮Ĵɢ
мǣҪѴںϣӵİʱ䣬ΪҪڣԶŽٸȰ᳹׷
ˮϿգˮ̧ͷʱɫ鶯ǰ¶ϲ֮ɫˮһץס
к䣬һ˿ϵ
յѪɫɢȥĻָ糣ˮ¶Цվӣɫ϶֮ȻôԶµıҿɱң
ɱֺɻһʱ𶨻޾𣡡ڰѴӻʱ֮£ˮӸûô
ٺڣǿһ޴УкŴڣΪٺһյأʿһﱻȫԪڡ
һǣǲͨɫ
ϣ˴󣬸жǣȫ࣬ڴǵ޾֮ڣϥһ۵ߡ
òƤ֮ϾһŧУһ˿˿ܵɢϡ
ʱͻȻ˫ۣĿ͸Į飬˫ĿصɲǣǰУһ˿ƾճ֣һͷƺס
ٺܵµѣԸһֻƷ飬ȡЭһΣ
ˮӵƺڴǵڲص
ǺĿһ̧סƺף¶˼
ˮΪģ˷Ʒ黻ȡϷ֣֪ʲôĴСһΡҲã
ٺڣһϣһĶУһҵ̵̣ˣһӺº͵ӣڴ˳ȴǺܶ˶֪˵ӺƣΪȴǼϲƽϡ
һգԼҵĵڣһ壬ϸͬʱʱ̧ͷǰ䵱֮ˡ
Ǻ񡭡ƤһΪѵĿڡ
ƹģǡ
üͷҪ˵Ȼɫһ̧ͷ⡣
ʮӣĿһóʮӸǾϲĵ䵱֮ˣ뿪̧֮ǰһָ
Ȼǰһֻƺ׻û
ٺƷӵѣԸ㵱֮ͨԴ˻ЭһΣˮӵص
˫һ°ͣĿ¶˼
˼˼
һڼֳ֣һȥʹƬͷʹ˷⼸д̫̫ˡ


1509 һս
ƺͬǾŽڣڣ
ƺΪأںٻе˿ɽţһϥڱչض
£ɫ֮ܣĹ£ʹӣһɭ֮⡣
УȻ˫ۣǰһƾճ֣һֻƺչ¶ǰ
ڴ飬Ըͽʥȡʥ˳һΣ
ͬʱˮӵöڣһˣ
ĴڣвԱս֮еĴͨʿ׷׽ӵ֮ֵ֣Ϥһţ˲Ϣ飡
֣
飬һ֪Ϊ֮һ̫ݣⱸս֮УսڼĹؼʱ̣ˮӶ˾ģ
˭ȥս󲿷˾֪ܲ棬ˮ˵ǵĸǣȴһʿݣģ
ˮӵĻУдڣΪϸǽ߹ɱ֮ΪܣˮڣֵòڣܻǼǰӣȴ㹻ϳ
ϤֵģϾٲ˵Ĳţ֮£΢
ٺڣһǣһƵɽ壬ɽ嶥ˣϥһµŮӣŮȫãӣһͷ˿Σϥɢ䡣
ԭĿ˿ȴǻ˫ǹһ㣬͸һ˿ʡ
֡ӡ
ٺڣǿһµӣɫǰвϴŹֹ߱
ʦ˵ٺڣɵء
ʱȻɫһƸܵʲô¶Ź֡
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ڣӡɽУ˱չص˫ۣĬƬ̣ϸĻദһĻĻ
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һĻԱߵ˾ͽϣ˾ͽ˫۵ɲǣʲôɫ˲Ǵ䣬¶ŭ֮ɫ
̵ģĸ˸Ӹ˵ֵǼϸӸģҪô˵ҲǼϸˣɱǧģӾŹ˾ͽϴŭ֮͵
£ΪʦԻᴦˮҲʲô˸ӣʦ֮ūĿ˾ͽһɨȵ
˾ͽĶأδ仰𣬶Цʦ𣬵ҵֵܣ飬ȫ֪ɿʼҸɳѣĪǻ
Ϊʦš𡭡ɫ¶ӣĬƬ̧̺סˮɵƣһ
˱ɵ۵ӣ˭ɢɽ磬˵ͬʱŰ˷ɢմ޾
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ȻСһԼѾѰȥ㿴֮۹⣬ˡϾҲǵļ£
ƺ߽ڣڷںȻʿֱƽĹԪڣԪڵ޷ֿƬ̼䣬ȫʿȫסΪԴѸŽڡ
ֻһ£ЩڵӣȡԪ֮
̷֮ͬУȴʼճĬƽ²⣬֪һ죬ȴûкڣԪȫˣ
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ڣŲϵӣɫпһڣ̾һɫƽڶȥ
ڣľüչصĴڣ˫Ĭ꣬һһҩ֣ⵤҩǰˮ裬ԿɰָΪۣۣʵʱ򣬷ҩ
ľüһسŵöҩãá
ˮںһƺʿֱڣڵӴ˴ͨ£һڶ̶̵ʱڣڣʿȻ
ʿԸɣ֮󣬼ٵչǱֿľ
ƺڣӰǰȥк죬ˮӵо֪Ǵĵȴı
һ·Ĭڻ۵ɱȴԽԽŨ
ǰУɱʵʣγһƬ˪˪տʼʼǧɷΧ֮Ҳ˪ڷ֮׵ĳΪ
ɱˮӣ徻ǰУɫԽƽƽ£ȴһ춯صķ籩
ˮӣҪɱ
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ǰɢɱȻ죬ǧɵĺ˪Ƿɢﵽɣٽ⣡
ԶԶȥһ·֮Ϊ˱磡ıԴ֮Уûˮ֮Դ޷γĺ˪һɱģһǻɱѪһ£˲Ҳˣұɱ˵ԭ
³ǰ۳ǾŵκɫѪҺһǾŵѪҺڣ̺һԭ
˾ӣҲ޳Сˣǹ䣬Ҳձɣ֣һֻһصģ
ҪģôҪɱɱɱ
һɱ¾£ƺǰУ⺮˪֮Ĳ£ɡɡʮɣ
ǿգһ·䣬ֱƺľŽڣ
һǰļ£ֵɱ˹ı仯ֱ仯ǲ֪û˿֪θı䣬һͷһʹһɱ¾˳һ˿ԴϢ
ɱ¾ԴԿɳɱԴɱ¾Դȴмѳ֣˵ɱ¾ԽԽпܣı仯ֱڣҲ޷
УֵٶԽԽ죬֮£һеͬʱ̤ƺŽ֮ڣ
һ֮£Žеȫɱɲǣֵӣ֮⣡
ˮӣĮ춯أ¡¡Ĵƺ
㹴⣬٣֮ɱ㣬ҼȻ֮Уգɱū
ֻ֮𶯰˷
һս̫˹ע
һսͨʶ֣٣
һսڽڣ֮ս


1510 ƺҫ
һ۷֮ʱְ˷ǰ⣬ǽʿõľС
ʿδȫóɣǴҴҽӵ֮Լʱ󣬵̫죬󷨴˿̲Ų˲ɣ
⣡٣ֵһɲɵѹʿĬ
ǿյͬʱǱ˿̹עĸܣĴĴͨʿţ
֮УɱūĴĸ֮ˣһ仰ɲǣ׷׶ݡ
ںԣ󣬸ҺɱϸˮӼȻڴͬһƿأֱȥ
˫ۺһһصȴǰˮӵɢͬʱüһ㣬һѪһ˲Уǰһȥڣ
ƺۣ֮ȥսǵˮӣ
캮֮ܣһƬԶԶȥһĻǱɢһɹɾ춯صɱ
ɱ˪ɢɢںһγһ˿ɱ¾Դһ˿ɱ¾Դĳ֣ʹô˿֣ͬһɱɣ
һ˿ɱ¾Դһ֣ʱĴΪ֮𶯣ˮӣ˿ϥǵɽ֮ϣڸܵһ˿ɱ¾Դɲǣɫˮи޷֮ɫ
һԴıԴѾ٣ֶһһɱ¾Դǵ֮Ҳûоɱ¾Դ
Σˮɫ¶Уһɫ̧ͷգ¶Ц
һǰĽʿսһѹɫһ䣬ͬʱ˺ǲòˣһ̤ͬǵ֮ϣǵ֮Ϊͬ
һһ£ʱʿȻһؿƵ˲䣬Ԫļתƺת˺Ǿͻһ֮£Ԫ
·վǰ֣ȻһʿһԶʱ̫ʱڻص˼ħ
ɱħ
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ģýڣʿͬҫ֮
ﻹˮҪݻٽʿ֮ģҽڱս֮£Ϊ˻ʿǷػڣػҫ֮ս
һĻˮҲĿɿڴôҲûϵ˱仯СƺʿСƺǷݡҫ
ˮӣֺĿɱ죬ҽһ٣ֱǰһȥ̧һ˦һָ֮£ϧԪϧļޣдһŭĵͺ
ǳʿһеٸߣˮӣ

Ȼ䣬һǿղһʿĶһǿյתһصĸı䣬һ󷨵תȫһɲǣĶԭأ
ⶨסģǵ壬ǵƺҫɲǣֵĶı仯
ֱ仯ʿǲɱ֮Ķһֲ˽⣬ķʽӶת˶
Ψӵ񣬷Ķ񷣡
񣬲飬ʶһ־һҫ˼˼ؼ֮һ֣ûκֿԳƺ
֮ǰ֣û˵дڵĲ࣬£ڿʿ֮
һֶһֶһ٣һֹͣΨǹҫǿգޱ޼ʣ
ʿס˲䣬ǰдһ˦֮ʿȫأǿƿȴû˺ǰ㣡
ǣɾ
غŲʿȴŲصҫһ֮䣬ҫУӰֱǣˮϥڣ
ˮӣɸһսǺһ𣬴رѷ˺ֵӣ̤ǵ磬˴֮У
ĳ֣ʹɵĺ˪Х֮£ȴշ⣬ɢŴظǣ֮˪
֮£ֵĿ⣬ԶɽУϥˮϣ
Сˮ񣬴͸أ
㿴˭ˮɫУһָգغ䣬ȴˮ֮ڣŤ֮£һĻõĻ棡
УԪ˱ʿΧסһ֮ڣ֮ϣһ޴ɽ壬ɢâʱ£ˣȫɱ
ǽҿĻ᲻ˮӿЦվӣ͵ǰһӡ
ôɫƽһУԤ֮С
ˮһ֮£ͻ


1511 
Ƕ֮õһĻڣŤĻдڵľ޴أɽˮһӼ䣬ʧȥһƯϣȻ¾ֱ³ҪڵйԪʿȫ
ɽƯʮʿһɫĮ¶˲֮ЦƺڴЩԪʿһĻĻ
ʱͻȻѪһȴǰ澹ȫȾ졣
ʺѪ
£һѪ˸в֪ӺδһĺХ£ֱϿǺ½ҪйԪ֮ľ޴ɽȥ
һжɲǼ䷢Ĳ˼飬ת֮£Ѫɽ壬ɽ岢Ѱƣ˿֮̽â˸ҪֿѪ
Ѫ֮棬ֿܶסɭҪǰƿɽ壬ˮӷڱΣ
ֿסѪ
ѪȻѸٴ͸䴩͸˲ϢһѪɫѷɽ壬һ촫У޴ɽʱ
ķ֮£޴ʯĽŰ˷ɢ䣬һЩʯԸٶ·ȥʮʿͻȻıһɫһ䣬ֱѪȥҪӡѪƻ
ѪѪ֮Ȼ޷˸еѪⲻϵغУЩʯ׷ٴαĲҽлصȴʮʿת˲һǰͻȻѪ͸
мˣü֮гѪߣȴѪֱӴ͸⼸˵壬ͷ­
֮£ʮʿȫ˫ĿֱڵأȫǵԪ޷ӳֱӱ
ǵЩ˵ʬѸٿήջ˸ʬһ㣬ȫѪߣ
һ̫죬˸ͿһеĶʵǰʱôĿѪڱʯÿһʿɲǣЩʿͿʼ˿ήʼѪڡ
ѪƿЩڴ͸ĹУЩʿԪȻȫ̶̵һ˲䣬Ѫ崩͸뿪ʱڵϵģȻһ߾Ǻһĸʬ
ˮ֮ڷһУʱݣҲһ仰˵Ϣ
ôֵĻڣص֮ʱõڣѪȴѪɱ˺󣬾ֱƿãȻ
ͬʱѪ֮֮ǰĿãµѪ֮ĻʹڵѪȣƮɢ˳
Ѫԣб䣬ǰһȥֱ߽һµˮӣָ̧ǰ·ˮӺݺݵһĶȥ
غ䣬־ܲǵܣԣһ̧УںȻͻûһ޴ƣ
ڸգȻ£ӣֱ·ɽˮӣ
ԶԶȥһĻ˼ˮµɽ壬ͬһƣֻûƣٵһ
ˮɫͬʱһ˦̱߲ʶȻûֱֺХȥ
С֣Ϸȫ㣡˹ͷˮȻһ֮£߲ʶ߲ʳ磬ֱֵӾһ
֮춯أǾҵ£õȻǼ߲ʶڴֵӵŵŵ˺
ͬģǼ߲ʶӲ֮£ɨֱӵԶȥ
ܵ££ɽ˴ʯڲһ㣬ˮӸһѪ¶Ȼͬʱĵͺһ
Ѿµֻǿȴû뵽Ȼ˵ǿһ֮Ϳñ߲ʶԼѪƵʩչֻ֣ԼĴ
ˮӺһɲǣؼͻȻһЦȴԭʣ˿ȴкī죬˲Ϣ䣬罻棬ǣΪ˺ҹ
ҹ֮£һõӰ۶һֱȥ
Ǯƣ֣ˮĪҪǳŵ֮ϷֻΪһΣӰѸʵһߣ
ŧӼΪ뵱Ĵأǲ̫֮Զ˿ֱ֣ת֮¾ٽɣ
СѣһϷõƷ顭߾ɫƽȴǼΪ裬ľַһ֮
ʵ̰Ʒ飬ͷ֮ǰһƣȴԥ˿ܻ̾ƽɳȴȫ֮
ɲٽУغȻһƬޱ޼ʵûĵ֮Ҫڣ
ˮ¶ɱǰһȥǺߴֱ֣
ܣɱһˣ飬ڽⶼǼΪͬ˵ڣ
һ˲䣬ڣһβƼ֣ԼٶȣϢٽ
һУȻʮӻûһֱߣȻٽ
ɫƽǺٽӣ·ˮӣһ̤ȥ
ŲɲǣֵüĹǵһȴһƬϹ˸鶯˵Ӱֱӳ֣û˿ԥڳֵһЦǺߣ̧ǰһӣغ䣬Ϻֱ޾֮ХƬϺУ鶯ħȻؿڵ˫ֱۣ쿪
鶯ͬʱֵģһ춯صǺһɵѪǻûֱٵӣ
Ⱥǰ£һĮĵͺУڵƱһѪ˺ִأ
¡¡ľ촫˷Ǻ鶯ͨһǷˣȴϸ޷鶯ȣڶ˳ֽսɲǣֱӱһԪ֮ɫҰмˣ¶֮ɫ
˭
֮ū鶯鶯Цֱ׷
غ䣬̾ս
һ棬֮ͨ£յĺںֱ䣬һƺǺ֮£ֱһӶȥ
˴˸һЩӾ鱬ŤУ¶һ𾪣¶޷֮ɫӣ
ӺȻǱǰѪֱӺˣ
ͬ˳ɫȴƽǰһָѪſ˴һɶȥ
һͬʱеģֱ֣ӾˮӼٽˮɫ¶񣬼˷
ͽһ޴ѷ˺޾ͽɳˮһָ£ȻͻһѾ޴ĳǹ֣
ǹںˮһΪںȫ𣬾һ֣ѣǶ˴ѷ죬·Ҫ


1512 ɫ
ҡͷкƽˮӻ統һڣ֮ͨ껹һЩȻƲδȫָ
㣬ɱ֮ҡͷˮͨǹٽɲǣ̧ȭǰֱһȥ
һȭūͽ֮Σ
ܼ򵥵һȭȴһĪž̺һȭ֮ʹô˿̵֣֮ͬ
һȭˮͨĳǹɲǾһ𣬺صɫ֮£ǳǹ֮ѿϸƬ֮ʹⳤǹǹ

ǹֱĲҽУȴ֮һȭ֮£ɢڶ࣬ˮһ¶޷ݵĺȻһѪҲ̲סֱ²ϵغˣÿ˳һ춼һ
˲Ϣ䣬ˮһ˳˾Ų˾ſѪڸ֮γһɾ޴ķ֮չƻ
ͯӵӣһɲǺȻ
ܣܣ㵽ʲô컯˿֮
Ų֮ɴǹڴ֮ˮҲ޷ֱֿӾͱ׳һײɽ֮һжΣ
ɽͨһһϸܵѷɽ壬һ£ɽмѣǾ޴ɽ壬Ȼ鵹
سɻܺɨڰգ翴һ·ˮӣȥ
Զ鶯˲Ϻ˵ĺߣ˿ɫ԰ף𶯣İԽп࣬ǶǿԼһ۵֣˿־塣
˭ȻеΪūܵˮӺˣ
誽ֵӣ˿ҲкȻ֮ǿ£ԷȴԶԶԼһʹӲòˣǲϧó֮Կ
㣬㣡ΪǶԵΪū֮ˣƷҪˣ
ɫƽɱһ֮ٺֱ·ˮӣ̧𣬾Ҫӳڶȭ
һɲǣˮӲȥѪƻֵĵͷǹʥƲͽ𣬸ûаٳֵļһͱƵˮ췢ͺ
̫ޣˮӵĺһ̾ϢȻصȴⱻɱȻŤУ߳һˡ
ģ˫ţһ
ϣûаԪĳ֣ҲǹĪ⣬ʹһ߳ŵӣδˮӣңңһȭ
֮ޣޣ˴𡣡
һ٣Էȥ˫ͫ΢΢һӳֵ̫죬֮ǰܵ£ƷӣȴûиӦ˵Ĵڡ
֮ޡûпڣֻƽŶԷ
ΪУ⿪ӡҿƺѷ࣬ΪһսΪɱˣҲɡǳᣬڡ
ˮɫһ䡣
֮£Ժ˵תͷδˣУƽˮӣٶ죬תٽ£̧ȭٴǰһ
һȭ𣬻ū֮磬һӣغ䣬ɨ˷֮£ֵǵͷ­ûȭڣһֻ֣ȭ併٣
ԶԶȥضȭӰռݣŴؽ٣ˮ¶ΪĸܵһȭڵɱǹǿϢ
Դ֮ˮɫ԰˻˫ǰɿɲбһһɰıԴ֮Ȼǰһľ
ֱֵȭͷȥһɲǣˮ˫Ŀͨ죬һѪ˦£Ȼͳϸ˿
Щϸ˿ȫǺڰ׶ɫγһϸܵĴЩһɻϢ˦£ֱյһȭȥ
ţˮӸ˺˴ѷ죬ķɳʮɫ£γһĻĻɹâٳգ
һеһУȫյ˲䣬õһȭֱӾһ𣬺춯أĴƺ
ĲҽУȭͷɲǣȻ֮һͬģǾ޴֮У˺
γɵķ籩Ҳͬһȭ֮УǾҵ£䱬зǹһȭ֮У޷ֿ
һɲǷһֵ֮ȭͷֱӾ˷ϰյˮӣһ죬ˮǰرƬѪһȭֱӱأ
ǵĵֱһˮ˫̤ڵ棬˫̧İס޴ȭͷѪϵشӿȾ
˫¶񣬺дֱӱнһǽڣȻһ
ˮֱֵȭͷ
һɼΪȻ죬ȭͷһɲǣһɽɫ֮ˣȻڱ
ɫ̺֮һԶĵֵͨɲǣΪģһ޷˼ٶȣɢƺٺĴУȫɲУɫ֮ɫ֮ˣɨȥǿһеء
Ƿ˽ڵľ޴һλû
ƺһӶʿԭǰУɲǼ䣬ɫƴңԶ֮ݹȥǿգ¶ǿµĴ
ٺʿڱսУǿߣһ˲䣬нɫƴһ𣬴ŽµǿպƱȥصɴ¶·
ŲǵĶȱȽǣ˿̣ȴȫǿգ·𺳵ķ
ͬˣս֮еС˿ȫȻֹͣһжǿ£ڽɫƹȥ󣬳ֵľ޴֮
еĵطһ̣ȫˣ
һ̣Ĵ򣬽ڼ󲿷ʿһĿڵķ
ޱ޼ʴСڵķսϸܵƣĿģ̫ˣһǵһοһ˲䣬ڣ󲿷ʿȫʧȥ˺һǿ£𺳵󷨣
󣡣
Ƿ󣡣
꣬ңԶоһֱڵķ⡭⡭
ԭǿգƺ˵Ǳ˷ӡ֮أ
ԭһжģ⣬̫ǳ֮񣡣
ƺһڣǺɼڵɽУɼɫ䣬͵ǰһȥ֮£ֱƿǿգֱڣ
ģԶϢˮӾд
ڣʬ֮һ𾪵ĺ
Զ֮ں֮ûںǰΪٲãһȫõӰٻûֱƿȥֱڣ


1513 ɫ籩
һУˣ
ˮٻԶ֮ɣ½ɫ䴫ԷʩչǹһĻĻر仯ԶϢԼ֮⣬˿ԸӦĵ
һ˿̰óֿһȭȴǳ˵֮⣡
ǺɼӵҪ˿̣޷ֹ
˫һɾڷĻûֲɵɫأ֪ܲȫǣȴѸپжϳ˼֣
ؼʱֺԥ͵һǽҪһĽɫԷֿһ˿
ұˮɫ¶񣬺һѪǽɫϣΨһ˲ſԲٿأ˿̿£ŶֵԹޣȫ
£ԭȭͷֿδа𻵵ĽɫͻȻһڽɫ֮˸һɻϢȻ䣬һ춯صһԽԽǿƺ䴫
ǽɫֱӾѿ϶ϢŰ£һ£ֱӱ
Զ򣬿ΪӰʱһɲǣ
ˮӷˣЦ֮Ťǽɫڱ˲䣬һɽɫķ籩¡¡ֱɶȥ
ܴ̺ȴǼΪӴһڣôı̬ʹԽڽⶼ˫н󷨣ΪۣԵֿ꣡
ڣȴǱˮȫ֣
Ī˵֣Ǻܵ£Ʒӣ鶯ˣ誣ˣƺ򣬽˲ϢΪ֮أ
˿ԴΨǽɫ鶯֮ˮӣſУ
⣬ˮӵķƺ磬ᣡ
˭ɱң˭ɱңˮӿЦ죬ʸȥЦΪܣûߣû㵽ȷÿһȴ˼ƻҪɫ鶯ڻƺ϶ɽɫԷ
пܻ÷һ©ʱͿԽ̫ǳƾĪĹ̫ͣң
ǽɫķ籩£ۿҪɢҪƺ˿̵ƺеƯ½ȫ𶯣𶯣һҪǰļ
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ǣ£ڴڵˣƺ̫֮ˣȫһɲǣ
еʿһɫ԰ףͬĩ֮ǰһƬհף
һǧ򳤵ľ޴ѷ죬ƺƺ֣ǿǾ޴ķ֮󣬴˿Ҳǹâ˸ɣϢ˷飡
һ˵ʵϾɲ֮䣡
ڣϣǴɽٵĺӺȻ֣һȥֱ̧ӾͰķ籩֮ϡ
ţ棬ʬڵߣͬʱ֣ɫΪУ˫ǰȥ
ܵ£ƷӶɫ԰ף˽ս٣˫ַİ£Ҫ赲ı
鶯誶ˣֵҲ٣ܣͬʱ֣Ҫµķ籩ֹ
ûõģֹˣ˭ҲֹˣҪɱˮӣ֮ϼһﶼУǸУˮӿЦɫ¶Ϊ˷֮ɫ
֣Ҫɱңȴƺǧҿûҿպôڽڣ㣬ǽˣ
ؼ䣬ʮΪﵽ˥ʿ׷׻ûɫ԰м٣ҪԼȫ֮
ڣԭˮӵЩϣ˿Ҳ׷׼һеҪֹǷ籩ı
Ư̫ޣҲɫǰȥͺһͷ趯˫ǰһĵֿ籩
һɲǣŤ֮޼٣ǹڴɫ̼˵ֿ籩֮У
֮һȥأȴϣһ޴ף
ףȻһ֮ݣ۾ŸתûǼٷɳֳɾŸҪס籩
ǽɫ籩ȴǸͺѿƣ˶˵ͬʱ֣ĿǷ籩ں֮ԽԽԽԽ
ɼӣƺɡǺɼӶ棬һͬʬڵߣڡ
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ȥԶҲûȥĻᣡ
ĬĬһУˮӸ𣬱Ǹ֮£µȷˮ˵ѾƺĴֳۣĬ
ӦӡֿǼ͵Ľɫ籩̧֣Լü֮С
ˣˣλˣܴ߼˾ʹ߼ˣƺˡһ򿪣սʼˣ֮ǰҪɱˮӣǺɼӲЦ֪޷ֿȻˣֱˮӶȥ
ˣ׷׿ɬмˣ֪ƺˣ
ƺĴʿ޾飬ˣӽԺ󣬽Ĵ򣬶
ֵ֣Щ˺ͬʱɫ籩û΢ĵֿһֲֿٶȷӵɲǣüģ
ڤüĵڶŹǵ㼱һȴǽɫ籩Ű£նʱһһͷӴޱȵڤޣȻû
ڤɫֺͣǽɫ籩ƺڿǣһʲô⡭
ڤ޵ĳ֣̾ĿۣһĿУ𾪣ɼҲӰһ٣Ŀ⿴ȥ˶ʱȥʱ̹עֵһһ֪ڤ֮ˣ˵ûУ
ڤ̣˫͵һӣɫ籩£˺еһ֮𣡣
ڤȻģգһ۾ƻſڣڳֵɲǣϺȻͳһ޴ڤڣ
֮ǿգ˿ֵУǻͬʱſǰ͵һ
ڤޣûã̵أȴ̲ɫ籩ɫ硭ˮһ֮£ЦЦȴɲǼȻֹ¶Ȼ
ǿ𶯣زǲ͵Ľɫ籩ڤһʵ̫С˿̱һ֮£㶵ĿУȴһǽɫ籩֮£ڤУ
ºȻ׽˼£ڻζһֿʼ˿֣
һƬˣˮڣ㶵һĻڤޣҪ֪ڤǿ޷Ľɫ籩󣬻ʲôķӦ
֣ҲڤޣֻããڤޣǷĿֻ֣أ¶˲⣬ãȻƺЩףǰЩµˣΪʲôԼ
ӲˡˡеãȻ־ȡͺƴһء


1514 ۵
ڤ޺ԽԽңеĿ־ҲԽԽŨˣŻˣһδйôµ˶ţЩĿоľ
͵ͷУҲĸܳ˲ԾƺǰЩµˣǵĿҪԼ͸һ
ܵ˾ŵʱףԶԶ˶УһŭʵϣֻǴܺ£ܿ־塭
ǻһѡٶӶݣֱܣ־֮ˣһͬһܵ˾ź󣬻ѡĸĻһӴޱȵڤޣ־ͳ˹ȥ
ֻǣһĻ֣ڳκУǼΪֲһ飬˽޵飬ۿǿµĽɫ籩Ҳɵв־塣
Щܣ˿ҲǺȻˣֻڤ޵Ŀ⣬ȴһЩĽ̰
ޣҪϷҲһֻҵʵٺĴܺܵ£˿촽ڤޡ
ڤȻǽɫ籩⡭ʹƺЩһҪǴ޳ΪҵģߡƷͬ΢ɲ̰
дߣ㲻ǴܣҲ𣡡ʿԹڡڵĴͨ׷ڤޣкȻͬʱ޶˵Ҳпȵ
֮ޣ־շޡѡӦòˡɼĿһʬڵ߶˶һۡ
ڶ˺УΨǰһ̧İڤ޵ϣָڤ۾Ŀ־彥ʧߣֺůĸо־Ҳɢ˲١
Ǵڴ󰲸ڤڴĿ־Ҳ΢ͬСèһӴͷ­Ĺ֡
ֻһĻʿУͬΪֲһ飬ڤ̫ͷ­Ӵޱȣһģȥȴɽϣк¡¡ľ촫
ײֲ֮ص£ѹһȫһҪ֪֮ǰʱڤһײ֮Ҳײºˣɴ˿ɼ
ٺĴܣܵ¿һĻ̴ӵһֻ޵ͷ㲻ʣ
ϷܲҲסڡҪǱ޷һ㹰⡭ǾҪޣڣ
Ʒ˫۹¶ЦҡͷаޣϷһսײһ£ҡƷиֳǿµһĻɵͷƤ顣
ˣŴ˵жڤ̰ʿ˿̷׷׺ȻֺȻ˿ڷſɽɫ籩
ڤ޵ײҲδ̫ˣ
˴ޣӣ
ҲֻǿŸȥޣŸڤ飬ֲ̫
пʵ̾Ͱ̰ȫ߽⣬ʹܵʿѹ
ֵİ£ڤȻٿ־壬ֻǾҲû뵽û˿־󣬾ȻصһֹŹֵԸ񡭡
βһҡɫ̻ͺٴδֻһΣȴЩ֮ǰµʿȥɫеͺ𣬷˿ֻһͻԥǰһȥ
Ϊŵģϣԭ⻬ƤȻڳ˴ëЩëԭӦúᣬ˿ĵͺȴȫ¶ӡ
л񣬵ͺԽӾңĶǰʿŭգӣ뷽γ˼Ϊǿķ֣Ҳɵһ¡
ǰƣһεӽסʹûгߣֻŭء
ڤ޷ŭӣˣ˿ˮп־͸ôҲû뵽һеļƻһеĴ㣬ȴΪһͷڤޣȫı䣡
Ŵ˿˵ĿⶼǻصߺͻȻһɨСļΪŭڤʱˮͻȻˡ
Ŀһ˻ˮӣԣˮӺ˵ɲǣֱһغ䣬ֱˮӶȥ
ˮ¶֮˫һѪѪһƬϺڣ֮һ˷
ɢɲǣȴͻȻһ϶ȥں֮ѸתһԲεİɫУֱֺȥ
ٽɫٵɲǣ̧ȭǷûдĵڶȭȥ
һȭ춯أǰǾ޴ȭӰֱӳ֣˲Ϣɫһ𣬺֮ǣƺɨ
ɫиһõȭͷʱȭͷǺ±֮ڣۿɼģһƬ֣ӣת˲õȭͷͳױǣƳ˱һ
γɵ˲䣬̺Ļ֮֮ǿЩûڻȻķѣ
ұˮ˺˫ͨ죬˷ĺ
𣬱˲䣬һȭȴûбǰȻȥƿһ赲һֻصķʽֱˮӣ
һ̫죬ת֮õȭͷأˮһˮ沿𣬺˻˫̧ǰһҪõһȭԿ
˫۰Ӵȭͷϵɲǣȴ֮ȴˮӵ˫ֱӱѪ֮£ڵİ׹Ƕ鿪
ѪˮӸܵһ޷ֿĴõȭͷڴ֮£˫۾ʹб
һĻͬ۵һ㣬˫˲䣬õȭͷˮӵϡ
ѪⱬĲҽУˮӵ֮ǰ˵ֱӱ
Ԫ߽ǰӶݣĿ־壬Ӷݣ
ڰգ˫ĿĮһ죬Ѿ˺ܾúܾã˿˭ֹУˮһս̫ע⣬˿̸ʿĿ⣬ǵĿУ˿̵־ͬһսɣ
һͷ׷Ʈҡһ趯Ӱˣ̵Уڼڣһ޷ĥ
ˮӣ㵱ĳǰһл֮һգǰɥ֮Ȯ
⣬ȡ֮иֵһĻĻɱǰһȥ
㲻ɱңڳϣƺܣǷ֮ū㲻ɱңҿΪ֪ϢŹңԸū
Ը֮ūͣɱңˮӾΪǵܣԣȴԶԶ磡˿ΣҲ˲棬м


1515 𣡣
˵ڤޣһëУŭǰЩʿ޲һӳȥӡ
ķӦֵͻȻȥƺûʲôŭɫޱȣֻģ
ģЩԾôǰЩʿٿԼԼ
ĻصУʹڤ޴͵ԴʶĻͷҪȥһۡ
תͷſտյ㶵žԼЩ룬ˮٽ֡
ݵĴ֮ڤ˫ͫ͵һԭڴŭȴǸȻֹȡ֮Ǹҵĺֻ뷽ŭԲͬǱųģ
ȫëɲǼʣ¶־壬һ֮£ˣǿ־ĺУ֮ص
Աٴαŵһеĳ֣¶ŨŨĿ־ί뵽Լû£ȻЩµʿŭڤ޾һ²ѡ
ٽǼ۵ˮӣ֮죬ת˲ٽˮߣȭκȭӰֱ֣ӵһȭȥ
һȭǴ𣡡ɫƽٽˮԪɲǣһȭȥֱӾˮԪ֮ϡ
ҽо죬ˮһԪ֮ԪˣĿ͸
㲻ɱңǵܡҡﻹû˵꣬Ȼٴٽһȭȥ
һȭΪٻ÷ƽĿ£һ죬ˮԪ˫ֱӱԪŰ˷
ҽˮо͸񣬵ǰʲôҲǣ
Ƿ֮ūΪūʵȻҪɱң
ɫĮٴٽ˵ȭ
һȭΪƺʿΪ㷽ɱԪڣҧ֮Уֺˮؿڡ
ˮԪһ𣬸ΪԪȥҪ͸Ҫõɢ֮У
һȭΪ˷ǽɫ籩ŭд˵ȭ
ˮӵԪеۺȻ
һȭΪֵ֣ͺ̧𣬺ץסǳץסǿղ񷣬ȥ
죬һȭ֮£ֱֵӾƿˮԪ񣬴ؿڴ͸һ޴Ŀ
ˮ˫ĿȻɢһȭ֮£׳˺ԶʹϮɲǵѡ
һȭΪˡΪʲôҪɱ㣡벻ǰٽȭ֮£ֱˮӲдԪȥ
һ˿֮УˮӺһɱﵣ
ľüɱңɱŮˣɱɱˮӷ֮Уأ
һֵɱ˵һȭˮǰȻͣˣ
ˮ𶯣ǰͣµȭͷޱȣЦôɱˣɱɱҰɱңľüҪϷ׼ľüʲôϷΪָΪҩҪһ
ǽɫʲôϷĻˮӿЦнʣұһ˦ȴغ䣬һĻŤû
ǻûŤУȻһڣϥһŮӣŮ˫ĿգɫϣѪĿģ
ɫ԰ף˿ë˫ۣǰĿƴ͸Ťأϡ
أ¶΢ЦֻЦݣȴ͸һ⡭
֪һֱҡ
֪һֱʹ
֪üԲ㡭üңҾü
ЩԼľü֪Ϊü
֪ûнƽĴڣֻܳΪϤİˡ֪֪
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ַʽУҲԹԣǷµģǷ㣬ǷƽǷܶܶ࡭ҲһĸסһƽѣϣĽ񣬲ĸףҡ䡭
ҵȴ֮ǧľѣҽѡľüоӨᣬĵϣǴĿĵѪڣƺʹѪҲģˡ
˫̧ۣԼüģȻȥ
ˮһ㶣һ̣ƺֻľüֳĬľü̧ҪԾɲǣ¶һ⣬ͣˮǰ֣ûκԥֱһȭ
ͬʱָ̧һָõŤĻڵľüһֶľüȻͣ
죬һ޷֮ĳˮӲƵԪ֮ڣұֱӱͬʱǳԪͷֱ꣬ĨɱһĲҽУ
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һ˲䣬һӵĿھֿдھ˿ΨɢȥĹھǹھһɲǣΪ֮ݣ
ŻǵŻ壬һֻʩչεĻ֮
ŻڹĹõĴ֪Ľãڴ˿̣ȴǿԽˮӵȫתľü
ģǻ꣬ȴ˱ؼʱַ˽ȫ𣬶ľüӵı
ǻ꣬㣬
סľüһˮӵȫɲǼһķʽڣһֹںϣ
㲻ǷƽҲǷҡĿһŤĻڵľüһӣ⿪䶨
Ҳʱڤ޴ſ־ίµĻصߣί֮ɫŨԹַΪͻȻȥڻ²ѡ
صߺڤģٴδŭʵëһ¶ӣĶǰʿɫ͸ֻּ䣬ͻһϡ
ֻһΣŭ֮⣬ֳһĿ⣬ֺ֣ˣԥ̺ˣ֮ǰ飬ȻǸһκܴĽѵֱڣ¡
뵽ԼȻûвȥȻŭʱͻһ֮£˿̺硣
ͺϣɢ֮ǰˮѪȣʿĳĬ֮ڡ
ʿμ𣡡ˣĬƬ̺Ĵ£һݡ
ʿμ𣡡ЩˣĿ֮ǰһУ˿̸з׷ױȭ
ƺڣμ𣡡֮ޣǴ֮ȭ
ƺʿμ𣡡˷صȴڶʿ׷ײΰݣ


1516 һս
ˣϺƵԽԽպ¡¡춯أ
ǰЩʿɫƽһ̣־֪֮ĴУԼȻˣͱҪȥ
֮ǰܵƺҫ˿̳ĬУˣһȭ
鶯誻صǰֵıӰɫǸӣĿû뵽ڣȻݣ
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ٺܵ£μ𣡡Ǻ߿ЦУһݡ
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Ǳ𣬿Ϸڣһͬս׼ɼĿ磬֣͸һɿεѹ
ֳĬƬ̣˵ͷ
Ϸӣ˵Ҳ֮ޣϷ֮ǰɼӴȥ⣬ʵΣʬڵߣڡ
ʱţڵ֮ޣɢȥƺٴγǽܹĵıս֮С
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ÿһ˵üģһӡǣǲ̵ɱ£һɹϢ˲ϢУʿѪڣؿʼ궯
Ǿͬһͷ˺ܾõޣ˿ҪȥһУ
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ӣ
û𣬵Ϊȴǵ˿ڣ
Աߣվһ꣬Ӻ㣬˫ȴϸ֮£ͬһ죬¶ɭɭ⡣
⣬һʹ꿴ֹĸоüĵӡǣһƬתĺ
گˣ̫ǳڣûд˵Ϊֻǿڣһȴ
ڶԱߣɫΪĻȸ棬Ķǰķ¶ɱ
ǰһɴŮӣŮӵͷ˿˾˿̴дֿڼʲôĿе֮ɫ
Ҫл˾ҳܲõ߲ʽ磬Щϣ֪˵ϸ֣Ƕ¶΢Ц
սĿĲɱˣǲôһ㣬μǣ֣Ҫɱ˾̧ףڡ
ڽսʼˣ


1517 
Ƕɫ糣һЦȴǶԴĲΪȻĿ⿴ǰǾ̫ǳʿЩʿǹɱϢɱɵһ˿̡
֮ʶѣЩȻɱ죬ǲɱˣССʿҲ˥ٵΪֻһЩʶһϵ飬ɱ֮ʵ̫ףҪС
˷һսɱᣬô󣬷˳ɱСޣ
ⶫͷת֮ʱͻȻɫһԶͬʱگˡȸ棬˾˵ĿɲǼ뿴Զǿա
һɰѹ֮ºƵѹʿ񱩵ĵͺѹһ֮ԽӾ룬հǾʿĿȫ۹ȥ
ǿ֮Уһ޴ĺɫ¥Ȼ֣¥̫󣬷ͬһһܸ޾ʹһۿȥһƬģ
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У£˵ɳƣ͸Ŀڣ⹬ڻص
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ȷɺ֮£ľʿû˴ôǿĿǵǰ֮أһͷ׷֣ȻվǸ


1518 ˣ
̫ǳĵһսѡλãƺ򣡣Ҫƿһ㣬Ǵ˿־֮
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Ȼһ˵飬̫ǳڣܣټһ˵ȫ֮
Ƿ֮걻һ֮Ҫڵ鷴ɲǣٽֱӾͳ뵽˷ڣչ˷Ĺ
֮֮˸ͬһ㣬£ȻΪ޾ߺɲǾ۳һѳǹ
ɢ޾֮֮УֱǾȥ
죬Ǿ֮ǹٵͬʱ֮ıֱԿ
⽣ǹɱ˲䣬Ϲ⣬ǿգǽ⻹ǽڣ˿̶Ŀ
Ϲ£һѾ޴ıȻ۶һ˦֮¾֮صֱεң
ٽ֮չҵײ
Ϲ֮󣬺âȾǣѪһ㼱ĺд޷ݵʹ֮ǿգǺâУһѾ޴ľͷǴȻ֣
ǾŸͷ˦УҪƿǿһ㣬ֱľƬȥ
â˺ȴϣ̾һ޴սûսһʱȵϢ˷
һ޴ͶʯСɣһɲɣڣһ֣㾪춯أϳУһž޴Ļ棬ȼ飬ڳ֮һ͵ǰֱͶ
ֱɺɵ֮ͫ۶ȥ
ս֮ڹһͬһһѾ޴Ϣĳ֣
մȾ˴ĺɫѪ͸ͬʱֱһαѪͷӰȥ
صҵڽ˫ͫ£ȴɫ
ս𣬰Ȼ
һ£һ鲻ϵ˸УȴµûǳֵɲǣǴ̫ǳǿ֮ȴͬһֻ֣Ϻݺݵһ̶
ȻеĻ꣬һ֮£ĴƮ𣬴˻Σ˿̽ʿȴǿĸܵǹɲɣϢ
ǻ꼫ΪӴڱУɴ̫ǳǿյĹ֮޷ܣ̧ɺ󣬾
һ̾Ϣ̫ǳȴǹ֮Ĵ֣͵һ˺֮Ĵ⣬ǻ꣬Ȼ˺һȱڣ
ȱڳֵɲǣϣ̾һѷ죡
ѷĳ֣ʹ÷ͣһ£ͣٵɲǣһɳƵǿ
ϷѾ
仰ֵ˲䣬ͬʱһ
̫ǳѷڣվɽ֮ϵĹױˣк⼱ƽ
˿ڣ֮ϣӵε̧һָ֮

̫ǳ֮Ǳľſڣ̧֣ͯ
̫ǳһѷУǴ½ϵĺŮӣͬ˫ĿһЦЦУ
⣬췣ڣһͺ𴫳

κһһƽ٣˿ڣȴ֮£ɱĳ֮ӿǷѷڣһĪ˺ѣһ˽ڽһǿյľ£ѷ죬Χ˺
󣬱ݵĴһ޴ȱڣ
սʼˣ


1519 
ȱڱ򿪵ɲǣǾʿһ˫Ŀ͸ײУͺ֮Ĵ
ɱڣýҽ֮²
ɱ磬һУ
¶̣ǰһȥֱӾҪǷѷ죬گ촽ȥ
ǻȸ棬ͬɱһǰУ
ʿǷģȫǷѷ죬ٳȥ
һĻ֮ޣ˿̾ͬˮһ㣬Ƿ̰ͬӣ˿̵̰ѿȱڣˮ
ɱ죡
ת֮Уʿѷڣ̤ǷĽڣڵأһ£Զ俴֣
ɫ糣û̳֣ǷıЩԾ棬ƺһЩ
ԣûֻĶЩȳһĽʿڵȣһ²⣡
ʱͻȻʾ֣
Ǳ˺ѿķϸֳһö壡ϣһּΪϤϢϢֻһˣ
֮
ֵɲǣһѿ֮û⸫ͷֵļΪͻȻǡڽʿһ֮ʱ
⸫ͷһ֣Ⱥʿݺݵһնȥ죬һҵĴ
Ǹͷն£ǰһʿ׷ĲҽУ޷㣬ǸͷһʱѪⱬԪ
Ǹͷһն֮£ûκʿԵֿ°ʱ䣬ΨĲҽڸոճֵɲǣƣ
ͷն£ɨ·Լǧʿһ֮ۿǸͷٴ̧ƻҪµɲǣӣȸ棬گɫ䣬˼ֱǸͷȥҪֹ
ӿڵٶȣȫ룡
ҵ赲⿪츫ٽ룡
ڷӴɫ¥ڣ˿̸¥Ȼһ߳һߣӸݣͬһãǰһȥת۾ٽ̧Ŀ츫Ҫֹ֮ʱڵͻȻâһһƬ֮⣬ߣ
ɫһ䣬Ϣž͸оЩϤ˿ٽ֮ȴкһ
Ϲ㾹Լڣ
һзɲǣɱһȴǸ²⣬֮ڣΪģһ̣
ԥǰһЩĽʿɢɲǣǰһӣǿպ䣬ǧХȥ
ǧĽӡ棬չһ˶ԿĴս
鶯誣ֵ²òֱֹ֣츫Ķ˶ȥ
У۾ɫ籩ÿһʿڣŨŨЩȫȼյ
𣬷٣ֵͺĿͼһ¡¡֮£ͼֱӷɳǿգϵ֮л޾ܾŵ֮ת޾ͼڷ£ֱ·иոճڵĽ֮ޣ
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ʱȴѪһѪǿгɨǧȼյͷ­𣬾Ѫȼзɢ
֣ɱǧˣ
һͷػ԰ͻֱӳ
ͼ죬Ǻͬ٣£ֱ·ʿҽ
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¡¡ľ쾪죬ԱУһɻɢ֣ս֮ǹҲһҪ˱ܣ
֣ɱ̫ǳ񣡣
ɱ
ֻһˣҽ
ʿк˫ۣһеĳɱڣȫǵˣ޾ķϣͨУϵĹӰܣƬ̾ͺȻ
ĹȴǿޱȣӰܾܱȴȻηǰ˫ָ罣һɨ֮±ʿϣ
ɱɱɱȻɱۣٽʿʱȼգԱǰȴǷɳߣ
ɱ֮£ֲ֪Լɱ˶ˣȻ˺ֻۣЩ˺۴˿ٵϣ
ǿ츫Ȼ䣬ٴ£ɨ֮Уǽǧʿ
鶯誣˾赲ǣǽʿĪҪͽɣǶΪ˦Уһ֮ս鶯誣û·࣬ͬʱֳȥҪֹٴµĿ츫
誳Ĭ¶ӣȴԥĳ֣鶯һľԷĻ޷ɰĲ
ɱ֣ڣ˾Ȼ̤룬һ۾Ϳ֣¶־壬̧ǰһָд֮
ǻȸ͵תɫоȥǿ츫һֱ֣
گˣҲĿһЦȸһ֣ͬ
ͬʱǱ֮סĸߣ֮֮ʶչ˷ĶԿصȴһʱ֮䣬ֲ
ⳡսһʼʹﵽ˸߷壡
֮ĴڣʹƽŽбսȴû˰ļ̫ǳڣ˿ʮ䣬ӵ˳ķЩϣ˿һ׷ŭᴫĴȱڵķ⣬ڣĳ룡
ʮʿȻҲаˣ֮Уܣֱȱڣ
˵ʱʱ죬ȸگˣ۶ȸһΪˣҲӣگȴΪ죬Ȼ˿龳磡
һˣɱ֣˵ϻĶ
ǻȸɱǰ̧ǰ͵һӣȴüĻȸӡɽˮһֻɵĺɫһ˿ֱֳ֮ȥ
̺޾𣬸Ϣһ֮£ǿƶҪ濾Լٶȣת۾ٽԣ
گ˫Ŀһûʩչκ̧֣ͨ԰׵˲ͳΪ˺ɫ̺ľ綾ǲ̵ɫУگһֱӿԽһо룬ǳǻȸĻ֮ڣǻڴ͸ֺ̧ݺݵһģ
͵ת˫ͫУ̧𼱼ˡ
ʱԶƺǿգŤɼӡӣȻ߳ɫ͸ɱѸ٣
ǿһź
ƺҫ
ƺҫ
ƺҫʿ


1520 
ƺʿ٣
ʿԶԶɼһ磬һĻ˲ܿΨʿΨвһսĽڽʿſؿ
֮УлԵߣڰڣһĻ꣬һ̣ǿ֮еƺʿȴǱ֮Ҫ׳ʮٱֹһˮһ㣬Զǿշļ۶
ǳÿһʿգȴԸܵǳڴһľػƺķ
һ̣ЩʿǰǲƵɽҲҪǰҲҪǰ
ƺҫ
һ̣ĸ֣ˣһƣһƺƣ׳֮У͸һѪڣ
ûĻ²ܵȾǴ״֮ˣһ˿ԹľҲһ̣޵ķŴѪȼգ
ɼһ£ɫΪأսˮӵĽɫ籩£⣬˵ձڤɣںɼӵȴս׼
½սͻȻ𣬿ɺɼȴû˿η壬ǰгЦһ
ЦУ˵ĺ磬͸һΪܣֲηصƣ
ӣ˽Ϊأ˽ⲻ࣬˿̣ͬк˸Ǻɼһͬ
һжһɲǣƺʿֵ˲䣬һĪΣΣǻȸ棬Ϊ˿龳گˣ
֮ľÿһܴ֮󣬿龳ʿ˿ʹ֮⣬֮飡
ʵ֮ڿ֮һУҲ֮Ϊ
֮Ϣ޾𣡿ʿǲٿȡչֳ־춯ص֮ͨ
飬飬һǴﵽ˿龳ʿĻȻ鶯֮Ԫںϣ˵ڿʿڣԪȻ֮ܳΪԪ񣬶
ͬģ磬ҲʿںϣΪصĸȻҲһЩܣһЩԭͨûѡںϣŸ˵ڴĶ£䲿Ĵ컯
һڿʿڣתΪһ
һʿյͬת־ıԪΪأͽΪַ
˵ÿһʿһأǱǵأ
ʿһǿڣҲǿԱȽϣگ˿Ƽ򵥵һڣһһ£ͬغ
һ̣Уگ˵ʧǰһһУǷ󣬰еʿȫʧӰ
ǿ뵽һþ֮Уһδ֮ڣǿղڣһжӰ١
գǺɫأͬǺɫȳζ˷ǿ֮ˣϥϣһۿȥĺˣޱ޼ʣ
ʮ򡢰ǧһڡʮڡڣ
޾ͷ֮˸죡Щȫگ֮Ȼگ˵磡
ʿһԽ磬Ѿʿںϣǿʿأ
ֶݣϾԵ˽ⲻ࣬ǿ龳ܣ֪֮٣Ҿ鶯誣ڿҲһƬģ飬̶ֳȣ˻ȥΪ佲⣡
У֮ǰһ˿Կ龳ܵӣϾڽ⣬εս
֣
˿̣һ˿ȴɢˣ
گڣڵɲǺȴɫ䶯£һ޴ƺ֣
ͬޱȣȳζǺ£ȴգȻȫĻһ޴ƣ·ֱ֣һƺ
𶯣֮صȴĺˣз૵˵ʲô£ȴǲɵһɷ֮⣡
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ȷǣ˿ǿڣʿȻڣĳ룬Զƺʿһ۶
ֵӣûʧȻƯֻеȴɢһƬնǰǺɫĻٽ£ǻڣگ˵ƺХ
ӳֿնͫڣԽԽۿҪȡ˫۵ȫֱüģ
˵ȷΪһָܣ̫ʵگ˵Уͬջƣ
һ˵ʵϾһ˲䣡
޷㣬޷ܿ˵ʹַ겻һƺҪϥ£Щһ૵ĳ嶯
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һͷ׷֮£ǧɣ
ǹǵţ͵̧ͷ̧ǰһӣұǹȻûΣ֮ʱֺԥģѡ˹ӣ
УһӴĹ񣬺Ȼǰ֮£䱳Ϊ赲һĻ
ƽǾ޴ֱӾ˹ĺ󱳣
֮죬ڵƳ£סֵĹͨһ̱ûѪɢĺȴ̾Ͳϵ³ƾҲ޷ֿһ
ĤݣһУǽ䱧סĹ͵תȭһȭȥ
ǹһȭֱӾڵƣһһɾ޴ĳɨɢһȭ֮£Ӳı֮ߣ
ƴһ̾ɢһۣ³ֵұ֮ϣ£ٴγѷ죡
ͬʱǹһȭھɵɲǣָһͬȭǰ͵һȭȥͷ­ûһȭ֮ڣγһɾ춯صķ
ƣƱֵ壬ƺҲһȭ֮ڣлȼգͬһֱգڵľƣٴһ
쾪춯أڵУȻʹֵ壬ƿ
ǿУ˫ĿնɲǾɣѹʵãҲ˲Ϣѣ˿ָ̻Уɫ԰ףһѪӼˣ
ǰɫڵگˣһٽֲɵɲǣ֮ڳѪ˵¶𾪣һɴ޷׷ǵŵŵŵ˺ֱ˳Ǻɫڣ
ǿ֮گɫˣΪ֣ᱻ̫ǳɱĵһλ
ûеͿһ֮Ӷݷ˵ӽἫΪֲˣ


1521 
飡飡ֺɫ԰ףŵһĻѰʵȴǼΪգܵĿֲֵһĸܣ
ֿܣ֮Ҫٵ̫̫࣬λҲȻ߲١
УٴѪɫһֱӾúײһϣ߻ûȲҽгڣͱһɴȻڣһ֮£̱Ѫ⻹ûɢ̷ΪһȫС
ԪҲ޷Ӷݣ˲Ϣߣ
һֻ˲䣬ֺ˵ûͣ٣ֱӾ뵽˽ʿȺڣ֮£֮һֱߣǱʿ
گɱһҪ׷ȥʱһͻȻȴǺɼһگֻоǰһɫȡɲǼɫ䣬Ҳ֣Ӽˣ
Ϸûɱ䣬ȻѾϷɼӵųɼǰһӣǿжʱƾճ޾⣡
Щ⣬ǿңԶ֮Ǵһʿ͸ƤµѪҺһ̱ӳ
ԶԶȥԼǧʿϣѪ⴩͸ƴһ޵ĳگ˵ϣҲͬ˺
ɼ
ͬˣ
֮£Щʿ˺ɲǣһĲҽ˲䴫ǧʿڵѪҺֱӵȻһ֮ĴڵĸλȫƳĸƤ֮⣡
ÿһë壡
ǲҽ֮޾ʹ࣬ȴǧʿÿһˣȻĴһɫĳ
Ѫɵĺɫڳֵɲǣҽ֮УǧʿȫΪ˸ʬ
ǵԪ񣬱ǿеĽڣ޷֮£Ԫ񣬳Ϊ˻ˣ
ˣֲǺɼӵֶΣһ˦ǧѪĸʬȻ˫ĿѪ⣬˷ɢȥͬٿһĳʿ֮УչѪɱ¾
Ѫң
ҪѪҪѪ
ǵѪңҵʹܸɣҪѪ
һĵͺǧʿʹĴҪѪʧȥѪҺǵʹ࣬˿Ըܰ㣡
گͬѪɫ԰һ֮ɫ֮£͵һֱӱ
ɲǣԪֱӵķɳ¶޾뺧Ȼģһ˵һڽ꣬йصڶηսĿ´ţ
ǴУ˵ֻһˣ
ѪͯӣѪͯӣ
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Ƕӣͬںɼӵͨ£ϳ⵱Ŀ´֮ˣɫУһͬҲȥ鶯ȥǿ츫ֱɼӣ
ܣ
˺еگˣһ̧һӣȴȡһֱ񣬻ּȭͷСĶҺ֣ɼӣ
ĸܣ
ǻȸҧ֮£ȥֱ֣ͬɼӣ
ܣսɼ
ǱߣûɼӵˣûȥֱǼޣҪ޸Ҫ±պϣ
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֣˽Ϸһãɳƣǿգ
˺̴鶯誶˶ʱֱӣǰȭ
ΪϷ򻤷ûІ£Ըֱ֮Ŀһ֮£˫̱дĽֱȥ
ʮʿУʿ鱣˾˫ͫҲûϵһڣ⣬˲֮£
ǿ츫ûȥֹ˿̺ն£Ǿ޴ĸͷǾԶҲĿ֮УͷնµɲǣǧʿϿ
̶̵ʱ䣬ҽȻʿ˾̧ǿ츫һָڡ
췣̽һ壬ƻһֹ˸ǻڷ췣ǧʿһ͵̧ͷ˼һ˿ֱǿ츫
ǸͷٴµɲǣǧʿϢ˵Ķȫһ£̧𣬾һѺڽûס֮ǰһɨ
ǧХһһ֮磬ֱǸͷȥ
֮£Ǹͷһ٣УǧʿѪûаͣ٣̧һӣѪѪ⣬ٴ̧֮ȾѪն½
˾Ŀһңң֣Ĭңңһָ
ϣӣͰλˣϧһУ뽫ӡɱ˾˻ڵɲǣ̱Ĺ˸Ťл۵Ӱ
֮ˣͬһȫУգûпڣлĹ⣬ֱԶ֣
Ҳڴ˿̣Զƺʿ٣һƺҫ֮£ʿɱ˶޾ߣչһпս
սһӴ㼫Ϊأ
˻֮صɱ¾ѪϢǿգһƺʿںɱǰһ֮󣬻û̧ͷ̾ͱһѷɽֱӴ͸壬ȴһʿץס͸ƺʿķɽֱһĿ꣡
ƺҫƺʿǰҪԶļ磬գȴǰģЦѡԱ
ҲҪĺң
ƺʿȫγһɻĳɢ˷
Զһƺӣȫ˿ڣѪϣİѷɽ룬չΧı
ȴ֪ʹһЦֱǰȥĶǰһʿٽһɲǣֱӱһɳֱǽʿͬھ
ԶһԽ⣬Ϊﵽ˵˥ĴͨʿӰ磬бдƺʿ
սУû˿Խֹ˸֮£ֱһƺʿؿڣȡ࣬¶֮â
һգֱ࣬ʿҪȥȴüͷһ壬Ǳ࣬Ԫƺʿһ̣˫̧ݺݵرסʿ壡
֮ʿЦһ˦ƺʿ̺Ȼʿֱ𿪣
ͷ­ǲзɳԶ˫۾ȴԱǰĳޣĶǽʿ
ǽʿ򷽲Ŷݵĵ飬ƺʿ˫۳ǰͲսٽ֮һƺҫĴУȻԱ
ʮʿԱɱ㣬Ǳһٸһٸɱ㣬Ǳٸ
Ա֮Уǹɻֱ֮Ӵݻǽʿһֱ߻صģһĸ֣
ƺҫ
Զɳͷ­ı˫ۣһʿͨನ飡


1522 ӡ
һƺһսʿӵĿΪΪ˵һ˥ʿΪƺһСɵĴϡ
ʸȥ̳һν֮УµѯΪҫ
ôشġ
ҫһ־һɻҵ־־ֻһͷǾǾԼ˺󣬾ɱһҲһҪĺң
ֻǣҵʿ˶ɷ֮УվηġߵѴ֮ʿֻʣǧ֮˭
ʱҫҲֻõģǰûмˣܳҫ֮£ȴΪһˣΪһ仰ıˡ
֪ʲôҫһ仰ֱڣȻǵãȻ޷ǣÿÿ𣬶Իص꣬صѪڵʱ
۾ͨ죬ڲϵغУĿһĻĻƺʿΪһףܵһɹ˵Ϣ
ɱɱɱɱ͵תֱӳ֮ڣ̧У죬ֱǰһ赲ǰĽʿ
˦У֮ص޾Хأɽ֮ޣ
ȫǽʿһˣȻƺʿֱֿӳ븹أּĲҽо죬Ȼɱۣ֪Լɱ˶ˣ
ֻ֪ܵʿǵˣѪ˸ǰѪܣϵضȡһ֮
ʱͻȻĹӽ֮޵Ĵڼ۶ֱֶٽֵɲǣĹȻ֮ޣ
ʿƷƯ𣬸˫˿мٴ
ˣ֮ͨȫԪ⣡
ˣ֮ͨȫ⣡
ˣ֮֮ͨ⣡
ͬʱֵɲǣӡֱӾʹ֮еü˸һɾ춯صѹֱֶȥ
ɱ¾֮е͵̧ͷѪ˫¶ݵɱ¾ȻķԪⲻһ˶һ˵ɱ
ﲻκμɣֻȥɱߣ
һͨս֮ϣļΪΨɱɱɱ
ӡХٽ̧ͷɲǣֱӾ壬ӡ޷ֿ
ֹӡ٣ôҲͲΪ̫֮һ
ֵͺУӡٵ˲Ϣ̧ǰ͵һȭȥһȭ֮£Хһ޴ȭӰӡ͸˴˾ûаˣӡϵɲǣõȭӰҲϣ
һӡüģȻһǷӡڣֱӾͽȫԪɲǷӡĸɸɾ
ڶӡȻٽüĵɲǣֵգȻٵ˥˲ͼΪߣ
ӡͬʱ£ȫǹ̼֮侹ٴȥķӡüģ
ֵüϣӡĹ⣬˸֮£ֳϸܵķ֧ȫһۿȥ˿̵֣ϷһĹ֮
ڣԪ֮׵ķӡ
Ҫӡ֣۱߸ոշӡ̱Ƿӡǰһȭ١
ɨ߸סͷ­Ӷʱƿ¶Ųϵףɫ糣û˿η֮ɫƽȭͷٵͬʱ˱˫ۣ
ǴСͱΪģǷӡܣ֮ӡһܣǴΨһֵ
صõȭͷֱӺ˵۱ֱɢԪʱȻǷӡ֮ȴûɢ
Զʼչ۲˾̧һָһ֮£Щʿһֱ֣
ѱӡɱ̫ܽǳ񣡣
Ѿɱ
ɱͬΪǵܣҵȱɱڣ
ʧȥһӸκƯǿյֱ·ȥת֮£ʿЩʿɱײУһ֮Хֱ֡
֮£ֵһɲǾͱɽ£Ϊ٣֮ǿӵУҵĳ£Ѫ
壡ֵͺڱӡΪ֮ȵһзĳǷӡҪƿӡ
ϣǧɽֱϣ֮£ȫѪܣٴѪ˫ۣȴ¶⣡
Ǵ֮ʿٽͨ£ֱϣһߣٽ̧֮дһ
ȥֱ飬ϡ
һƸ£߱ҽּ̧ȴұŤ֮ǿһƾȻԼұ۹ͷ鿪
ʱĽʿ٣֮ͨ£Ȼʮ˵ƣͬʱϣ֮£ٴѪ
ʮ˺󣬰ˣǧˣͨչ˷ĺ
֮£Ʋϣ˫ڣȴǺŨ
ǾֻЩôֵ΢˵ʿǷˣǿ
ɱ
֣ϷͲɱ˴ˣ
ʲôȻ˿ֲ
һĻ𺳵ĲǽʿеƺʿǿһĻ񺳶ͬʱȴиֳֵݣ
һɲǣеƺʿҪɱ֣
ǽʿײ֮УǿǶݵͬʱȴɱŨ˿һóȫΪһչһǿͨγһɾ춯ǿյķ籩
籩䣬ֱֶȥ
ʱʼտһе˾ȴɫͻȻ䣬ֱѿ϶Ѫ䣡
ã˲ȥɱҪȥȴһ
ʿǿͨķ籩ƽֵɲǣ˫ۺ죬ҧ֮Ƿ籩٣
֮𶯰˷籩УȫѪ˫Ŀ֮УѪȴ͵̧ͷ˫Ŀڣȼһɷս⣡
籩Хֲϵس֮УȴǱıǵһӡ
Ԫӡɲǣ͵̧ͷǰһȥ̧䣬ܲҽ֮Ȼ
ڶӡΪߵתٴγΪ꣬ƼٵĻָ
ӡ֮üĳȫ
ǣûУֵǷ籩ںƵ𣡣


1523 
սɱƲӦƽǴ˿̣޾ʿɱΧΪ㷺䱯׳ĳ̶ȣûС
ǵһսûг̶̵ʱڴﵽĳ̶ȣ
£һ仰ȴսָⲿַΧɲǾ
ǿЩųֵʿһ޷ݵĳ𺳣ǵ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ˣ
ǲֵһʲôʿȻ˿µ֮ǿţǶ̶̵ʱڣǷĹ֮£Ȼû
ֱ۶Ͽߣ͸޾Ŀ־壬˿̺ԥˣһˣʱʹʿʹʿ˺
ǵ˺󣬻ƺʿһܣһĻͬһǿɢƺʿ֮ϣ
ƺҫҫ
ƺҫҫһ죬һ̣ÿһƺʿǷ籩֣߳ٴμǲϵɱ¾
߳籩¶ŨŨɱ̧ǰ͵һӣ죬籩ֱӱһɳ˷ٵ
һɲǣǰֱȥֱ˷ʿ
ҽս
ϵɱ¾УȻƣƣԶŵͨȻˣǹĻָٶȣҲ޷սмӾ磬Щϡ
Ѿɱۣ֪һսԶûнˣ
ֵ߳ܵ˹ƺʿܴ˿˲أչ˷ķ֮ǰսʱһ״Ժɼӵ󷨣ٹ̵Ĵǵ֮С
˿ʣĽʿ벼
ÿһ󷨸Ҫãƽʿǰ֪һ㣬ٳɱֹ
һɺϣҲ˵ɺϣΣĴΣ֮;ɺϣƺε󷨣ʼ޷óٶ࣬Ҳʼղɣ
ʿһײеĿ⣬˵Ϊֵĳֶв˿־壬ĽʿȴɱϣǷ⣬ϵس룬ûƣ
һУȫΪһˣ
˾
ǽʿʿ˾֮£Ŀ¶֮ɫ̧Զһָ
һֱӴٿֳĸɱƺʿĲٿ£ӵһ鶯֮
˾ܲϽУ֪һȻʹƺ֮ޣʼ޷óһɱУ
ÿÿҪ󷨲ãڴŮһָ֮£дĽʿȥֹһѿ
ֵĿ磬ɱֱӿԶңң֮أǱʿ˾Ŀ͸ɱ
һͬ˾ģܽսĺɼӣɼΪȻ˿ڣֻа벽֮ңܣȫռϷ˵ˣȴҲʱ˷Χ
˵սɼ˼Ϊؼãһˣס˱ס췣⣬еĴܣ
ûдȥ֣ȥֹӵ޲
Ŀȥɼɱ˸һ˦֮£̾˺ƣཻ֮սܣֱ˾ȥ
Ůս
ɼӺȻܣǰУƿǿգ˷ԣҪֱ䣡
˾ߵʿһɫ䣬׷ӿΨ˾ɫ糣иһ˿
ĸ۽ڽʿ⣬û˿ĿУɼӣҲУ
ȵģɼӵĵǺɼٽһɲǣȻһȴһ֮ٳŽڷ֡
⺮У̫ǳǾſűǣȻһ֮£ͯ¶΢Цǰһȥ
ģͯӵ壬޴ĺ
⺮ȻһֱʧӰʧһɲǣȻĳ˷⣬ֱȱڶȥ
ںɼҪɱ˲䣬ӷȱڳȻ𶯣ȴǾ޴ı㣬ֱӳ˺һ޴ȱڵͬʱ뵽˽ڣ
ڽڵ˲䣬Ǳ飬γһ޷ݵĺ籩ֱƺʿȥ
ͬʱǱıڣͯ¶һƽɼӣ
ѪͯӣҶȫ֮ͯս֮ΣұսһΣָıϷս֮ǺͯĮƵ֮ʱȻٽ˺ɼӣ
ɼɫΪأȴûпڣһȥֱӳǾƺʿĺ籩֮Уһ˦̾ͽǷ籩ɢ
ֻǣ籩ɢ˲䣬ɼȴɫͻȻ䣡
ֻǷ籩ڣͻȻͳһӰӰŤڳ֮ʱȻٽɼӲʮɣԿ֮˼ٶȣֱӾ˺ɼӣ
һˣЦ֮ǺӰûΪһŮӣŮӣȻαѪͷӰ֮һ
ɼɫ԰ףӺؿ֮ϣȻͳһѪۣѪƹͷвϵɢ
統һɣҲûиı䣡ɼӶǺͯǺŮӡ
Ǳɼɢĺ籩Ůӵĳ֣δȫ߽⣬д֮Լٶȣֱƺʿ籩һɨ֮
ȴһƺʿ̾˺˪ɲǼͳΪ˱񣬺ת֮£нʿ
ʿһƺʿĿ־壬ǰ˼򵥱ǰǵҫҲˣҲҡˣ
ΪǺŮӵһ仰ҫٵĶҡһ㣬˱
ѾͷһУ˷սΪɱӣͯӲ³Ϊ˾ƺЩ϶ֹ籩֮޷ұڣһػ
һ仰òдƺʿ¶ǵһУڶԷ֮Уǵҫʲô
ɼӶƣǣʲôάԼҫʲô֧Լսȥ
ҫɲǣ˾мŨ̧һָһУʿ˾ս
ʿЦгֱʧȥҫƺʿɱȥ
أ
Ц֮УǺŮ㲽һȥɼӣֱɫ޲Ӷȥ
֮죬ת۾ٽӳ̾һ޸ת鶯һͬӭŮӣ
ͯɫĮɼ˵ĻᣬһŲĺֱɼӶȥܣͬսɼӣ
תһĻǿգƺԮսܣ
̫ǳʮɵʿֱ
һУĬӺˣֱ˵ƺʿ֮ǰ¶ս⣬Щƺʿ֮Уһ춯صĺ
ұʿϧһսΨ


1524 һտ츫
һ仰Ǻ죬ǿգȴָǱҫָǾ֮
ƺʿɱ֮£ֻʣ²һƺʿڲƺʿˡ
һˣˣ糱䣬Ȼ߽⣡
ÿһƺʿ¶ڼ޾Ľߣû˼սȥ
һ֮£ǽ棬һ̶ĿЦ˷ƺʿÿһ˶С
ǣˡ
˲ǣ¡
ƺˡ
ս
սûнսܣȥ򣬻սĻᡭ
ͷÿһƺʿΪҵֺ˵Ľڣʹǵ˺󣬸ˡ
ɼûˣս֪Լˣʿη֮ȥֹǽڴܣˣսľǳ׵׵İˣ
սʧܣڻû׼õĽ˵һػýڣ޼ս֮
ҲûˣһԣȴŵִҪ𣬽ļңҪػûɣΪ۷ܣȥĬУ¶ɱս֮⣡
ƺʿУʿĳȺǽȺɱ֮£ʿһĲҽУûҫǣٴǧ
һˣûˣ
֣
ûȥ˵̧ͷУĿ¶ᶨ֮ɫֱЩ׷ƺʿĽȥ
ÿһкصɲ٣ֻӶ£䣬ȴǿ̸Ǿ޴ͼͼֵ˲䣬̧ǿ͵һ˺
̫׽磡
ǿպ䣬ͼ֮Уһ޴ѷֱӱ˺һɹɲɣϢ֮£һֱ̫Ӻȴ̫ѷ̽ͷͷ­ͼ֮ڣſ֮У޾£
ÿһ綼ʮɴϸɢȫԴ󣬷Ľ٣
籩ƾճ֣һ޴Уȸ趯һ˻УֱܵĽʿȥ
죬Ǿ޴ǿգһ֮赲˽׷Ĵһ֮ͣ
һĻԶԶȥԺʿ
ǿպƱֿһƺеǧʿ
һ࣬
м䣬֣
мǿϣӴͼХмǿУֵ⣬оɫ籩ת
ֱźеǧƺʿǰ޾ͷɫƽվȥ
һˣǽǰа벽
ݵĳĬ֮ǽбһͺɱ
û˵̧УѪûݺݵס֮ұ̧𣬶ǰǰһȥ籩ת⡣
һʿٽɲǣʱǧȼˣнǧ˱£
Щʿʵ̫࣬ڸдĴͨʿĪ˵ûеǵܣʮʿ£Ҳ޷Կ
һɹں˽ʿͨ籩ֱ֣һսһͺ£û˺벽ǰϵɱѪɫѪȾ졣
˫ѾѪɫ¶ŨŨƣԪѾʼ˿ݽߣĹ֮Ҳ޷ϣѾϼˣ
һ˿ڼ鲼ȫ
еĽ֮ޣȴ޷㣬Ҳûȥ㣬ֻ֪һ飬ҲԼ԰ȥɡ
ĽһĻĻѵĴڣļ磬һеһУ޷˺󡭡
Ѫ˫ۣʹǰ磬ҲΪѪɫⲻϵɱ¾£һֹĽŲУģƺʿһˣֹͣ˽Ų
һ꣬һֻпڵ꣬ڷŵĲսûתԶֵ֣ıӰǰ޾ʿֻ޴ֱֹ
ұʿϧһսУǱҫıļ
һƺʿֹͣӶݵĽŲĬĬתֵıӰģսѣ˫Ŀһɷĵױ
ұʿϧһս
ƺʿֹͣӶݣͷ֣һ૵ڴ˿ȴ͸һ˵ζζһѪ֮˷
ұʿϧһս
ұʿϧһսһƺʿͣӣֱǧɥ֮ȮӶݵƺʿȫͣȫ֣ǵУǷֺĻٴĸֶߣ
⻰ڷŵһ̣ǶôĲ԰ǰ಻һ˿˿̣жһ仰ĸ߸еƺʿʲôұʿϧһս
ǵƺҫܱ֣ȴǸһҫһս֮ҫΪƺսΪսΪԼҪһеһУս
һɲǣǾ޴Ŀ츫ٴ£ȥУǧʿͬһɲǣ͵̧ͷǿ츫ǧƺʿĿУһ
ң
ֱֺǷڣס췣֮У֮ڣ
УĲʶƱһƵ֮£ֱ֮ڡ
˳ŷֱӽ뵽նһ󣬻̧Ŀ츫֮ڣںϵĹâӴĿ츫Ȼһ
ƴĪ֮Կ֮Ĳӿ£֮ǿյɲǣ޴Ŀ츫ͣ˰֮ϣϢڼٵɢ
翪츫ҴߣһáһϵǷڴ뵽ÿһʿĶУ
¶
佻սǺŮӣɫһ䣬окļɵһһĻĻ䣬
ɼɫƽֵɲǣĿȴ׷䣬ƻص˵꣬ǳզԸƫִķ۵Էظʹ⣬ǷȴʼպЦҡͷ
ͯӣͬ͸η֮ɫһ֮ˣǽ𣬲𣡣
ǲϵУ츫ֹͣСջ˲ɣϵĹϢȴǷı
ԾĿ£һס⿪츫
ǹ֮ǿ֮һѣ֮
ס⸫ͷ˲䣬üĹǵתһֿȵŴ֮ʱƣϼٵı
꣬Դӱ֮ǵһסѿ츫Ĺ񣡣


1525 
ס⿪츫һɲǣһɰĹ֮˳ֳڣֱüģǽǳδȫĵڰ˿ڣ
ɹ֮춯أ֮£ֵĵڰ˿ʱչ˷գ
ұʿϧһսֺףصУǧƺʿһ׵׵ķ
ұʿϧһսⲻһ˵ǧʿͬʱźһ̣һУʣµģֻһս죡
վǿգվ֮ϣͷȻѪڵǧʿ
ǣԸһ
һ仰ȼһɷ籩ǧʿУǴһ֮
޾ʿУֵĿ⣬¶Ȼ־壬Ŀ⣬ں֮ǰڵĵڶηսУǵȣҲͬ˵Ŀһˣǵķ֮
Ŀ磬תͷһۿңԶ֮ʿ˾бһɾɱ
ɼӱֹû飬׼Ҫȥ
ǧƺʿļĿУǰʮߵĺȻ£ɱ죬ǰһȥ
ɱһ
춯أǹһ𣬺֮Уǿղһ޷ݵƣϱ֮У
һ֮£ǰĽʿɫоȻȫˣһĻ𺳣޾Ŀ־壡
ſ츫֣ǲսʤĴڣϣһս⾪죬һ赲ǰߣȫս±
һͬģǧʿǶˣ
ǧƺʿǰȥҪȥһ
ƺʿսӶݣһɾģһ־һҫսҫ
ҫҪڣÿһʿУȼ˷սˣ޴˫ս֮Уһʤ
⼴άֲ֪µս½ǿʼⳡսǽڰܣôҪһսκʿľģ
⣬ս
ɽԶռ䣡
ֳǽʿ֮ڣͬһ룬ǰȥֿ츫ûлӶ̧𣬽ɱǰȻ˸벽
˾ɫ仯ĶԶٵ̧֣ǰһָ֮£ЩĽʿһĳΨɫſеĿ־壡
˫Ѫ죬ϵسһɿ߻ƣ˿裬˸裡
ɱ
ЩʿһϱɢеĿ־ѹɫ
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ȸ棬ǵһɼӵսţһɱȫƺɫĻ棬ֱֶȥ
ǰУüĻȸӡ˸֮£һͷ޴ĺɫӴ󣬰ǻȸ߰ڡ
֮ϣд֮֮£ȸߴ˲ʿֱֶȥ
С֣ǿ츫ΣϷɱ㣡
֮죬ɲǾٽֲǧɣԶԶȥǺɫȼգ棬ԽԽ
ȻɱۣǰĶٵĻȸ棬һﲻס츫͵̧üǵ㼱ת֮ȫɲǣ̧Ǿ޴Ŀ츫ٵĻȸ棬ݺݵһնȥ
ߣͺ죬Ծǿ츫֮£ֱǰǰûһ޴ĸӰ
⸫Ӱ֮󣬼Կ֮ǰ֮飬˿̺УǺɫֱն䣡
һ춯أ̫Ŀ⣬ɼӺսĽܣҲ׷ɨȥ
˵˿̳ڵĽʿڿ־У뿴ȥ¶ȸ潫ֺɱǰĿУ
ֻˣЩʿɢη壡
ǳɱǧƺʿͬĿ⿴ȥɫǲηһֱǻȸ裬¶ɱҲЩƺʿոյȼɾҵӰ죡
һ裡
ɱնУǻûľ޴Ӱȥ˲ϢǺɫĻȫȼգ͵һҪȥԿǿ츫
˸Ϊ죡
֮£ɢĻֱӱȴûаֿ֮ͱǾ޴ĸӰ͸ֱ£
֮һɲǿգ˵Ŀ£ĿһĻһ޷ǣƺʿĽʿĲجΣ
Ǿ޴Ӱûκͣ٣Ǿҵĺ£ն˺ɫϣһʿĲҽУ
ȴǺɫ壬Ȼ⿪츫ֱӴ͸Ȼ£һΪ¶ǰڻڣһ԰ףɫȻĻȸ棡
ĿǸͷһ޷ֿƣֱ£ɥʧһз֮ʹǿ츫ֱնüģ
صһɻ֮ĳȸüģü֮̾ͱѪһѪɫϸ˿
ϸ˿ϵɢ߼ٷѿ˺ȥѪ⣬Ͽӡ¶˻ȸüµɭɭͷǣ
ͷǸǳ˷飬ɲǾͱͬһѷֱӳ֣˲߷ֿ¶ͷ£װ׵Բ
츫Ӱһֱֿͷڣȸ֮ԣȻ͸翳һ鶹֮ϣ俪ֵͬʱºݺݵһ䣬ȸͷ­ֳ룡
֮Уǿ츫Ӱ£ȸľزȫѪ⸫ͷ״͸ˣֱӷֿ
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һ˵ʵϣһ˲䣡
˲ɱ
˲ɱܣ
һǿȻʿǻնӳֵĻȸʬ壬׵׵޷ţţ
һ̵֣裡˴ӱ˺ѵĻȸʬдǻɱǳɫ˫ۣĶղ԰ף¶޾ֵ˾ĳȥ
ǰнʿƴ˿̲ŷӦһֵļ£ǰʿˣ
ʿ˿ҲɫҰʶĺˣе֣ͬǴӻȪ߳ħŶصɷҪһ飡
˾ҲˣеĿ־壬֮ҪŨǰǧ֣иֳĻ棬ǻеıӰֲĴڣԼ
ҫ
ҫһĺǧʿдԽԽ죬ԽԽջһǿĻص
ҫ


1526 گ
⣬źķҫ
˵һɺһǧӵı׳
ǰ޾ʿ뺧Ȼˣ֮٣ﵽ˼һǿպ䣬ÿһ£ǿնڲ죡
ǰɱ˻ȸĿ츫УХХ֮ɱһɷľģ׵ı˽ʿս⣡
ǵһսոտʼĵһսս𣬽ڱһܣǱԱɵֶɱҲǱɼһǿߴܻɱǱ֣ڽʿеķһּΪķʽһնϣ
ûбַʽ߽֮ģ
һ֮һ㣬һΪĵһսһɱ
ˮӵ㲻ʲôҲֻһɱūˣ»ȸȴǽȻͬսն¶ԷһԱ󽫵ĺպս
ƺʿ˲£һ貵Ĺâ
ʮʿʼĬĬֵĿ⣬͸ֵͬʱҲоη֮ɫǣǺͯҲоһ뿴ȥ
ɼӳЦ֮һɲǾ춯ض
նɱܣսû䣡ЦУɼӴһ˦ں˸ֱǺͯӶȥܽܣס
ӣҲЦסһս
û˿ֹ֣ſ츫һ·ƿնȥǰʿϵ˺󣬵ȴϲٶȣԶԶȥͬһĴʿĸһ㣬ֱǰ
صδɢ
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һ˵ʵʽһ˲̣ȫǶ֮£죬ǿ֮ӣֱگ
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һĲҽУǶ˲䴫گģ̾ͱıƳȫƤã̴ϲϵӿֳ
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ңگ°ȫɢ˫۸Ҫ̧УѪˮ䣬ϰҲֱڻŶĺХһߣǲҽ֮ȻֹȫһУǶصߣگ֪֮꣬Ǳ¯ڡ
ΨƻʮʿصУ˼޵Ŀ־壡ߣǰеĽŲȻֹͣתͷȥһɲǣ߶ͷڳˮٺˡ
ֳĬУһӣǰʣζҺȫⶾڣγһ޴С
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1527 ٺӶ
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ʿԮ٣
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ٺʿԮ٣


1528 ٺŮ
һ֮ϣվһٺӵʿеһվеʮˣϰˣЩδֵٺʿһ֣㺳ǿա
һ緢죬֮죬޷׷٣ЩʿЩ죬ʿһԼͳһװԶԶһ˵˴˲δȫͬԲͬĹҡ
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һʿٺʿǰ̤һ磬ͷƮ¶Ϊա
ԱߣһĬ̤
ʿԮһſŴӲڳֵ⣬ŴʿԸ壬˿ȴһģ
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һվǰٵĽʿʿУƽԼ
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һնֶȥЩɢĽʿһ˿ĵıɱһ
һնǿ츫Ȼзɳֱǰ


1529 ս
һնֵ֮ĵͺ֮£翪ٵһ㣬ȻֵĿ츫ֱ˳ǧ򱶣ռǿһ㣬ն¼䣬һ޴ѷƾճ֣
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ǵٶȣ޸»Ҫܿ˲䣬ǿ츫ѪܣͬʱѪֱӱǿ츫նɲǣ뿪
ɫ԰ףȻ֮ٲȥսм֮ززȥ
˾˱ܿǵʿȴû⿪޸ǰУȻ˴
ûвҽУеֻǱ߽⣬ʿУһԼǧɵľ޴϶ſ츫ȥ󣬺Ȼ֣
ǧɷ϶һƬտΨѪϢƮɢԶԶȥǿ츫͸ʿֱ̫ǳȥֱǰԼɺŻɢ
һƬǵʿǾ޴Ŀ츫ѷ죬ɵò
ڣйעһսЩʿ¶˾
̤ߣȭ̧ͷĶǷ̫ǳ纮紵
ʱһͬŽ̫֮ǳڼٴ͸ѷ죬˽֮С
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ʵĺŽ֮ڣ̫ǳ֮޶УǳĬ˺ٶȸ죬ֱǷѷ죬ǣŽʿ̵ļ䣬ԶҲĥ𲻵Ӱٵȥ
ֻǣվǷȱڣ赲ʿ⣬ӵֹЩȻڵ̫ǳ֮ȥΨһ·
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У߳һˡ
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εȥķֵǰֳһĵŮ֮ӰŮҡͷ΢ЦԼǰĻ
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һ֮ХǿգһƬϻ𺣣ǻУʿŤףҪС
ֵĵһս˫صĴۣŷɡйƵ˽ʱ򣬵ʱȴͻȻһ񺳶ɱȻʹ̫ǳڼ۶ֵü֮ϡ
ĿһתͷȻϲɵķȱڣ
һˣһӣУһŹ˿̹ңңָ֣
ͽĴָ࣡
ѹּ


1530 ֮
㣡
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˹ڴ˽֮ǵżر
һǵָ֮⣬ǿ֮
ֱܲľ˫ͫ͵Ըܵһ޷ݵĺȫü֮Ȼƿһʹ֮У
ȫëһΣ֮⣬ɲǴ֣Ѹ͵ɢ
˹걻߲ʵȡߣȻڴУͽĪ߲ʵʲôɣĶǰ꣬¶⡣Էգۿɼٶȿήȫӿҵ֣Ʊգֻǿ
ڣ߲ʵ⣬Ҳֻһˣ֪˹ͬʱǿ˹֮ɫصһĻĲ⡣
˿ȥǰΪڿңǰѹѰûа㲨ͬ
ɫ֮أѹסʹԼһƬڤ״̬ڣصһжȫʧֻʣһˣһѱĹ
ڣ˹޼
Ψһһ֧˵ۺ󣬴Ŀգ֪ȥغδû֪֧֮Ƿ񻹴ڣ
ֵ˼ҵ˼ҵǵĿڣ
ֻּǴһû֮飬Ļһ˵õضԴǿգһĺƽ٣ڵֻ֮ǵĿǰΪֹδŹκιϵǼκδš
˼ͷ׵ʧһʧûа㼣
û˼ĹȻֲȴ޷ﵽǿµĳ̶ȣˣּƴһУҲ޷⹭аĻᣡ
Ķǰ꣬˵һжɲǾͻŶԷ̧У֮üĵľʹһɲǱ
ʹ£ֻһһ׶Ӵ͸ͷǴԺ֮⣡
ˮֶͷڳһ˵ʵϾתͷǰµһ˲䡣
ûκԥڿ⹭һɲǣڴ͵ؾһת˲ģҪضȥ
ͬʱ˫ּ̧üĹ֮Ƿת֮£ȻͷһתǰһɰĹϢ
Ϣɢ£ǰǣת̾еͷ­û
һУ˲ϢóȫٶȣģҪɢɲǣ㲼һУķӦ̫죬ǰ꣬ڿֵľٶҲһ漴Ŀкһ
Īϵô˹ͷֵͬʱסҵ֣͵һɣ
֮£˵һʼл΢ֻһֱ֮ӾʹǹϷ˸ǰֹ֣ԭѪⱥ˲ϢѪͼٿήۣڼ֮£Ĵӣȫݹһ㣬ֻӰǿڣ˿ˡ
дɿҵ˲䣬ȫӿ뵽˴˹֮Уɹâ˸ͬʱһɫ֮ɿң˼Ҷȥ
˼죬ɲǾƿأֱǲʮɵȱڣ֮ٽȱڵ˲䣬֮ǰĺХֱӴﵽ۷壬һǿ𶯵ĺХ
Х֮£ڵʿҲãҲգһ𣬷ȫһԪ˲Ϣ䱻ǺХ֮һɢͬʱʿһѪ
һЩԭ˵˫ʿ˿̳ܲסɺХ֮ѪԪ̱
һĺХǺɼӵȴܣֹͣɱһ͵̧ͷȥɫ¶֮ɫΨٺŮζˣڿǹһɲǣĿ͸һ˿ڸǲסĿ־壡
ѹ
˹ȻУ
Х죬õİɫ֮˳ŷϵȱֱӴ룬һɲǣǷΪ֮һ𶯲һƬ򣬶˽ǿλõȫһɲǣȻȫҵ


1531 
ǻ̱ĸ֣˿һɷųǹŴ˼ѹ£Ƭ̵Ʋҳһ
£ϵʮȱڣǱֹ̣ͣһðɫֱֶ֮ȥ
ִ˿ȫ񣬸߶ȼ֮»ȻһУֻһ֧ðɫ֮˺һ£ٵɢ
üľʹУֻδֿѪ⣬ҪԼͷ­üĴһǰɫ֮Х죬˷󣬾Ȼɣ
ǿյļХ֮񼫶ˣһ˵ɷ֮ʹʿһ׷ɫ԰
ɵľ룬ڴ˼˵ʵ΢֮Уǰͷ­̾;ҵŤһ޷ݵǿƽ
һҶɱˣ
ɲǼ䣬˼٣ͷ­֮ڣ֮ʱ;ض𣬺¡¡ľص£һֵ֮ĵͷ­ȻҲ޷ֿ̫ãͷ­üı˼ֱӳ룬Ҫ͸ֱ֣
ֵӻδȫأɫ֮ٽһ̣Σĸо¶ϣ˫̧ǰ͵һģ
ֱֻۣĻ֮ͷ­ڣһʹ͸ļס̺˻֮İɫ
˫ɫһ̣̾͸һɴ˳˫۴ڣǹҲѶԿУһѪıȻӰص״̬ڱƳӰźǿյŵŵŲϵ˺
ÿ˳һɣÿһ£кɫ͸˫ͨ죬˫ļסǰѰɫ֮һ˱ǧɣ
Ѫǧ·߿Ѫ屾ƣ˿̸ϼˡ
ֵ˺ֱӾ̤˹ϢҶӡʿ֮أڽɲǣû˿ԥȻûͬһְֻֻ㣬죬ǱĽʿһʱĲҽУֱӳΪʬһߣӿڡ
һ˵ʵȴһɲǼ䷢ַԿɫ֮˲䣬ǷİӣȴɫУٴ
ýˣӿ˵ĸֵḶ́ռ˥ϣȻֱ꣬ӻߣ֮Բ¶˵һңڶ֧ɫٺ
ĺХһ·˼ȱڣֱ֣
һֶ֧ԿȻƣ֧˵
˫ͫĿתĿͼתԴ֮Ȼһȥ˼ֻ̫֪࣬޷ǵڶ֧ǰ˫еһ֧Լɣ
֮ǿյɲǣƺԶͻȻһ͸ŷϢٶϢԶ˲ϢٽǰȴһŵӣȻûվǰ
ŵӣʶǱӡľ̫ޣ
֪ʲôԭڴ˿ѡȥǵڶ֧Ϊֻһֵɲǣ̫޷һ춯ص˻˫ֱ̧֮ڶ֧ȥ
У̫޵ϣ̾һƬϸܵƬֱӻûЩƬɵɫ֮¸̫ȫ
ֻΪϢ֮ض˫Уǵڶ֧һһɾ֮Ȼ̫ڣʹӾѪǣֹ˼˫ۣȻŤ޷ܣҪǰɫ֮ƿһ㣡
̫£ȫЩոոֵƬֱ룬ǰ۶ȥȻ䣬ЩƬһƣ
Ǵ۶УĽɫƬڴ˶ܷɳУ̫޵˫֣ȻѪģ£ǵڶ֧۶ײ
۶£ܱԵƬֱӱ߽У˲Ϣ䣬ֻʣɫƬڡ
һϢϢ
Ϣʱ䣬ɫƬ飬̫֮޿ЦӼ۱ܿǵڶ֧ʶſڲ֮ȥ
֮ǰʱ䣬̫޵ȷ˵ϢϢ˵ڵһϢУҧ⣬һѪǰ
ڶϢУ֮Ǵǿзٽɡڽٵ֮˷ͬʱֱѪѪں֮£γһ֮˫ּסĵһ֧Կ
Ϣʱ䣬ǺӣнʿֹȥϢɲǣǵһֹ֧ѪҺ֮ײ˼߽𣬵֮Ȼֲ
ǲϵ߽У˼ֻʣ֮ǰɴСһأ˫ֵķֱüĶǰеĹУɴСһأٴ߽⣬ٽü֮ʱֻʣһɴС
һ죬ѾСһزмֵüһ
ĲҽһɲǻصأȴִЩʿǱֵĽʿ˿ȫӿήΪ˸ʬ
һǲмȫȻˮʪ˿Σδûнǵڶ֧Х٣
޷ܿɫ¶ͺ̧һָǿգΣͷ޹˲ʲô̧кݺݵһץȴ֮ǰǿյķٽɡ죬Ȼ٣ڽٵĹУɡСձһץסɡ
Ŵɡȫţӿɡڣ֮屾Ȼ˿Σ֮£ֹ˲ȥ̫࣬ӿ룬ɲǼ˿ήļ
Ƿٽɡԭſһɣ˿ַӿ£ڻǵڶ֧ٽֲʮɵɲǣһУֵ̧ĹɡϺݺݵһţ
ɣ
һ˲䣬ǹɡͱⲻҪķʽ£ֱӿɣ
֮𣬴һɻǿյȣȻйΪģ𺣺䣬ǿ¶ʱͬһһƬڤ
ǵڶ֧ٽɲǣ̾⿪ɵĹɡй֮һ𣬺صУǵڶ֧ʱҪڻһ㣬ȴһǹʹô˼ֱӳ𺣣Уֱƽ
һ˵ʵȴǼ죬ʮɵľ룬Ī˵Ǵ˼ʿҲת˲͹ȫͿή˿ٴγɡڣΪӾ磬ԶԶȥһߵĩ·Ϲһ㣬ǿ׳壬ȻͬǺ
Ƿٽɡһֵһ£ٴγſһ˿˵ûдɣҲ޵Ľӽ
һйĻ棬Ϊֲ֮£ǵڶ֧ǰһ⣬Ȼ価ܱȴһ˿ǹڱɲǳֱӾƿ˻𺣣ؿڡ
һѪһ˺֮жʱǰٸ֣Ǿҵʹ࣬Ѫͬʱ󼲳ۺˣ
˵ɲǣȴɱһѾܾûܵˣˣɱ˺һӣѪȴѪֱӻûѪԴݣҲֻʵ֮ſɣǰɫ֮һۣò
һɺХѪҪȻֻʣ²ʮɵķȱڵһ˲䣬ȴһץסѹɱͬʱ֮ǰĳ嶯
ЩԾ
ûɱˣҲûܰȻΪߵİʿɫĿи޷ţ֧ȻûнԷɱ˿̫࣬İ̾ϧĸŷһۺһȴתԶȥ
˺˲䣬һͻȻʹƺڴ̫죬һֱֱȱڣ֮ǰ֮ٶȣ
ݺ䣬ȴǹʥӰֱӻû˷֮⣬Ŀתɫ¶̰ĶеĹֻãȻǱǰһ߷ˣĿҲǾǣȴʵʣͶӰá
ЦУٺת˲ٽǰʿ̧ݺݵһץ
ȴѾһЩʱ䣬ʵʿֵһ̣ǹѾˣֻɵǹ֮ʶȶԷι󣬼Ҫߣŷֻ̼۶
Ǿǹٽǰʿһ˲ʿ͵ת¶Ц֮ɫ
Сûһ㣡
һεѹֱӴ̫ǳ٣ǿлһֻ޴ƣ·Ϣ
Ǿǹɫ䣬˫۵̰ʱӼˣҪܿƣٶ£̫ûȻص󣬶ʱͱǾ޴ƺȻһץס
ݺݵһǾṉ̀ȫߺƻʧǿС
ͽ࣬ʦ֮Ϊڵ˹
֮ǰΪչִ˹֮ΪλܣߣʱȡǰʿŷĽʿһȭ԰Ĺǰһ˦˹̷ɳƯǷȱ⣬һ
֮âӹɢչ¶һ˷
ʦ´ȽȡᣬÿλᣬҪͻҽдʿ˹ҪأǲҪأ
¶ɱ֮ǰڤΪ֮ޣͨŵĿɡԪɢųϡֻ˵ˣȴҲܶãڤ޾磬Ҳɡķġ
ΪΪʲôƺЩ¡Դ˹ĳ˳֡


1532 սϹ
һƬӡɼӽսĺͯӵܣ˿Ҳ׷˳սƣһš
ֻǺɫ֮ǰ֪˹֮£Ƿ֮΢ޣĻȻԼ˱ĳƻ֮еӡ
Уɨ˶ֹͬͣɱٺһۣתٲκˣֱǷȱڶȥ
ûȥĿ΢ɲһǺȻ̤ȱڣ߽̫ǳӰʧ
ǺͯӵˣҲǳĬ˺һһǷȱ
ôλѣ˸ȡ˹ôͽҡͷڵĽʿ
Ƿȱʱ£ȻʮɣԵλĹ˸Ҫ׵££ʱȴ̫ǳǿзųֵľ޴ƣȻٴλûһץǷȱڣ͵һ˺Ȼ䣬ǿһȴȱ̱һĪڣʹеȱڣٴα˺ɡ
֮һ޷ֿѹڴֽڣѹ£ɼӵ𶯣˺
ͬɫ԰ףѹ֮ʣӵŵŵŵ˺ɡ
ɼкһ˺͵ǰһȥ̧ǰһӣ̱һƬϼֱ˺ȱڵƶȥ
ͬʱɫأһĶͷȻһȴһƬӰûӰһĻĻͬƶ䣬һγһ񣬱˴һγһӴ󷨣ǺɼӺϼ󣬳Ǿ޴ơ
ٺΣ³Լ̫ޣ˼ͬʱ֣â£ͨٶɼӺӵںϣγһɾ춯صķ籩ֱ˺ȱڵƣ
һ䣬鶯誣˳Ĭչ¶ͨ˵˵ؽдܣȫһɲǣǿ֮ͨںϣʹǷ籩
üĹǵת̧ǰ͵һӣȴǵͷ­ûУȻһֻ޴ȭͷȭͷܻȭ˸Ƿ籩ںϣһɴ˿̽ǿ֮ɲУǾ޴ƣ
ת˲֮У۵ǿ֮Ȼľһ໥ɲǣһԽڵǿռӿǾǹƯǿգ͸һɳ֮ɫſֱһһ־̻һ޴ֱǰ
һ˲ǹĿſɳȻڣǷ籩ֵȭͷֱȱڵơ
֮һڽ⣬ȫţǺɼӵͨķ籩ֱӾϱγһޱ޼ʵĳɨ˷
֮£ɼӵѪһѸٺˣǾ޴һ֮Уָָ̱ױ
ʱֵһȭȻǷ籩ָɲǣһָϣ¡¡ľٴλص͵һѪȭѪʹϮƹͷѡ
ٴκˡ
һֵָһȭײ̾ͳ˱ļͬʱں˾ſǵֱһײ֮£һָȻֻʣĵƣڽ֮ܵ£Ȼ
ɢڣʹô󷢳Ŀ֮â˺ѵȱڣǴΧıչ
УǰѾĹȴûκθı䣬ȻƯЩ˵΢һɢ֮âЩŤ˶ѡ
ǵʧȥָƣںУӫ˸ָ
ʱȴоͻֵȻһǿյĲƾճ֣һʿĺХĽǿмٴ
ХտʼƻԶ޾ת˲£죬ɼӵɫһ䣬ͷȥͬͷһ
һĻ޷ǵĻ棡
ſȼյǣſ̫ͬһգɢޱ˵ǣһ֣Զǿռ۶
伫ٶ£ǿƱѣƴȵϢһɢ
֮죬ת֮¾ȻٽֱǷ⣬ǰƯĹ
ָǾ޴ƣǰһӣ赲˹ǰǺĵһȼֱײһ
ǵһȼյǣһɴƽӴɲֱӱγһɾ޴ĳʹƵˡ
˺ûǧɣڶ£ٴ˺
֮ٽֱײϣǾ޴һ֮£Ȼ䱬˲䣬һӰһ߳
ӰȻڹĹ⿴ģ
ֺһﲻ̧Ǹɿݵ֣̱һɹ֮â˸ԶԶȥ֣Ϊ֮еһ֮⡣
ֱ̧֣ӸհǰХĵĿϣ죬ǵĿǱӰҲͬ˺йâ
ǡǡ߿ǡڰ˿ͬʱ٣ڽӽǺӰɲǣͬʱγһ޷ݵĳڽ̫ǳڣص
һƬ˾ٵ̫ǳ˶ǿǺӰȫӾһԪ֮ӺȻ䣬Ҫ˺
ûɳƵһ˿𾪣Ǻ˿д
ûһӽڲ֪ʲôطƵͬʱǵھſȼյǣײǺӰ
ǺӰͺ£˫̧ѸȻͳһھ޴ľǾˮڣһµӳ⾮ˮֵɲǣӰ˺иɿݵһѾ뾮ˮڣ͵һ̡
Ǿ£Ȼ𣡷ֲǾˮ£֮УдľˮǾˮڣһ£
̳УӰǰ͵һӣʱǾˮֱھſǶȥ
ɲǾһ𣬺֮УǾˮת˲ͳΪһƬɢͬģǵھſǣһֱ֮ķѣ
ϣĿһӡǳ֣ӡ֮У͸ǣͬʱֱӴ͸ȥŴǺĿֱ֮ӳȥ
Ϸɱ⣬̫Ϸ֣Ϸ˴𣬽㻹ôϵȴ͸һ޾ɲǣ֮ǿУһõӰģӰӣֵɲǣȴ̧֣ʳָǰһӣȻдһս֣
һֳս¶ʱ
ֻ֪һ֮ϳȴ֪һ֮ڵľ棬̤ڸ벽ɣ
⵨СӡСˣҳ𣿴˹⣬˿ȻóϷ¾ǣģƽֱƯĹȥ
սϹ㾹ȻûǺӰ͵̧ͷͷϵĺۻƬƮɢܣ¶µգ


1533 ڤ
һżΪϵƣ̫̫ãһƣ֣֣ͬ͸ɣϢ
üϣȻһӡǣӡǣ̺ۣͬǰӡ¡ӡǵ״һƬģ
˾ϣȴû˿뷢ϣԶҲ뷢˵ͲӦû뷢֡
ӡСˣ
ɫ԰ףĶսϹ¶֮ޣȴٿڣһȥץͽ۶ݣ
ģӰУȻٽǰƯǿյĻ́ǹֱץȥҪץµɲǣģӰȴһ
ɫһûջ֣ٶȸǰһץ
ǹ֮ң˲Ϣ䣬ԭıֱĩ˴ȴһ߲֮âһ߲â˸У˹֮ңȻϿ
Ȼ߲ʣӰģ¶⡣
˵һǶϿĹڴһȴǹ߲֮â¼ٷɿǰɰ뻡֮Σ͵һ˦
ǹԭ˿ȴȻ죬޾һ㣬˦ǰ뻡ڵһǿգֱӾͱָ
ģĿһһץס͵˦ڣͬʱ̺ˣǱǶϿĹҳѰ֮ʱͲ⣬˹ȴ˸߲֮âһ̧һд߸ս֣
߸սָһ֣̱ǹұ֮£߸սȫģɫأ˺һڰɫϢɫϢһγһɫս֣
ǹ٣ǰɫսһ֮£һ٣һٵĻᣬģӰӴڡ
߲ʵˣȻǳˣλᣬҲһΣӡȻҪƿӡϷžǣ
ڵ˲䣬ǰɫսԶɢ޾֮Ĺң˦¸ǿգ˷ϡ
ͨ黹ûȻû̾һ޴ѷƬķŤ֣ѷһʱصǹҺȻϳ鿪һϸȱڣֱӴ͸ȥڡ
ڽھģٺӡʿЩֹϢҶӡסʿ
˿ǹҳڣֱӾǹϢҶķӡϣХƿֱӻһ˦ûвҽ֮صһ̫죬ֱǹɨдʿһӺȻǹ֮棬ǵ͵ֿסȫָ
ģսϹӰ˿̼֮£ǹҳɲǣЦȻɢӰ١
ĺͻȻߵҲͻȻֻΪ֤һЩʲôͬʱǹȡڣ˿ȥûǹһۡ
˵˵صЩʿڣУȫ޹Ҫһ
˹Ϊ˿ƶ˭ϲȥˣصɢ
һжɲǼ䷢Һɨ֮£⹭֮ȫйǶ֮սϹһ˦֮Уڣ䷽򣬾Ȼ֮
ɺϣ߲ǣ
ãǲã
ѡ˲Ϣмٸ֣ۿǹ۶乭Ҿû֮ǰڲϵ˦ǿգ
˹Ҫˣ¶ϣǹ˿£ͺ̧ǹ͵һץ
һץס
ץסǹ˲䣬һɴںȻӿֱ֣һ壬ֱӱѪĽ£ǹҪ󼲳ۣз֮У̧ٴץ˹ϣ
ۺ֮Ѫģȴûбץס˴˹ץ⹭ɲǣ˦ĹȴǹڴĴ£͵һɨֱӴ͸ȥ
ʹ糱ˮӿֶʹУҲһҽУ壬һѷ죬ȻУ壬ͬնһ㣬ֱϰ룡
壬ǹңһΪ
µ壬ֱӾͱѪУɫ԰ף׳
ǰȻģõѹĴۣʵ̫󣬾Źڴ׳ɲǣĸܵǹڣһɼǿų֮¼䣬κ֮ˣ˿
Ҫٿش˹ͱҪԼ󣬷ĻҲ޷
׳Уڸܵ˹޷Ϣʱϵľ޴ʹ࣬Ѫֻʣϰƣ֮ǰĹ⣬ٳ֡
ʱ˽ɫ籩һֱ˯ڤޣֱʹͬ˯֮еڣʹ£˯ڤޣȻˣ
ѵ˲䣬һĹֵڷɳĹտʼǲ󣬵֣ȴתУ޵ڤӴ壬ȻƬұǿ֮ڣ
Ǵľ޴ʹУڤ˿־壬һͺ£͵˱պϵĴڣɣ俪ڵ˲䣬һƬǺй
ɫ籩
ǱлûüĽɫ籩ֱӱ˳ԶԶȥƬǿȻһУΨһƬ⼱ţǲϵ£ɫ籩ȫֱ֣ǰķȥ
ɫ籩֮ǿԱһ򣬺˿ԵֿǷڿ籩ɲҲɫ䣬ǿڤ޺󣬸˫͵ع¶뺧Ȼ֮ɫ
죬ǽɫ籩ֱӳϣ͵ر䱬һɻ֮Ȼ
ٺӡ졢ƺʿһɫ԰ףɼӵ˸˫Ѫɫһٺ˼䣬һеʩչͨǿеİʿȫŲƳת֮£֮ǰڶսκνʿڣ
нʿȫɼӵŲߣԼҲɲǼ伱뿪
ȣ֮ǽɫ籩ڣĻ֮޷
鶯誣Ҳɫ籩Уòȥ뿪
Žɫ籩ɢ󷨣˴ΧıǷ壬ǹâŤ¼ɢ˳ŷ˷ȥʹǱס췣һ̾ͱɫ籩ȻɣûκβҽУԪһɢ
̫ǳͬɫ籩˴Χı֮£սΪģȫǽɫ籩֡
䷶Χڣǿձ
ɫ籩һ̶Ⱥ󣬷һ˽еطľ죬׵׵ı˿
籩һսսΪһ޴ĺڶڶ޾ǿգ˷֮ڡ
ڤޣ˽ɫ籩ǳһеɲǣſڣǹһͬڣһɢʧ
ռ˽ڽǿգ˷ľ޴кڶڣϵشδʮꡢꡢǧꡢ꣬Ĵڣûɢһ졭
һսĽβ£ˡ


1534 Ѱ
޴УڲϵתУƺеϣΪһƬת
һսڽ̫ǳ˵һػýʿڿ֮Уѣսʧ̫
ʮʿȫ̤֮ˣûߡ
ȸگǳ췣Ҳ֮ʮʿȫ˽ڣ
̫ǳһƬ֮УⱯŨ֮£ıһŭһɸŭ
ŭ£ĽⲿսԽԽĺ£´˵ڶս֮ǰıս
̫ǳȫ׼ڵȣڵǸĵڶս
һЩԭչ겻ֵĴϹ֣ε˵ЩˣҲһһ߳չ֮أĶŽڣɱ
֣һα֮εؼס̹ҧгݣ͸һ⣬֣ɱ˻ȸ棬ɱگˣɱ˾˾֮˾δ֪
ǴˣͷŵĶޣΪһʿجΣ
Ǵˣɱ̫ĽʿǱ˴սģ
ǷҪ
ֵӣᴫݳȥнʿ֪Ǵ˴δйֻͣΪɱˣ

һսƺʿ˲أǧˣΪΨһƺȻһս
ʿĴʹƺɣΪ֮һգʣģҲֻЩСʿ
ǧƺʿ㵣˽̻ʿصɢ֮ǰӵһδƺʮڣ
ڡڵû̫¶ǿ֧ž档
ƺڴսдΧıƺĲȶһ˺ѵĿռѷ죬ƺǿշУΣպܴ
˵ˣڻɳڽ߳ɵʿפǵһսս⣬հ׵
û˷Ĵڣڷ籩˵кڶȴΪ˽ڵĴţ
Ҳͬɳ˴ʿפڣľüĴ£бܵķʱԷĵڶս
ٺʿһˣͣΪףĬĬפ
ʿͬһˣ߻ص˼磬ĬĬ׼ŵڶս
սУʼûгֵսɳһʿһˮȹŮӴ£פ⡣
ŮȴΪ䣬˫ڵĮʹһפʿǰٱɽһ㡣
ǵһսУ˾ɼӵ˼𶯣ΪĴڣʹһսʿϽڼΪ󷨸޷ó
˾űܣɼӵ̵ӡնɱսѣˣٺԮ٣Ҳڶ࣡
ڣٻִսһıǨУĶ̶ֳȵĴսȱ̫ľ飬һսһѵͬģȴúɼӵףΪٸߣûһսָʿߣһɢɳ
ˮȹŮӣΪԵʣӴѰפ죬ͬģҲפڣʿָߣ
һս󣬷ֵ֣ڱ׵ĴеĽʿ֪սĺպս
ɱȸ棬ɱگˣɱսָ˾
һ֮£սִʹʿ̤벽
һ֮赲ڿ־Ҫ뿪Ľʿнʿ޷ӳ
ֵһУ˽ʿһȵĳ羴Ǽס֣ס˷ƺţ
ֵһʱ֮ڽڷѹ˺ɼӵˣΪʿϵľ䣡
˵ս󣬷ͷųڤޣ˽Ū
ǲһߣƺǰȫĬһɿȣ
פʿÿһʱĬĬ𺳵֮󣬾һݣȥ
вߣôǵԴǾܱƺʿǴ߳ǧʿЩˣÿһǷֵľԿߣðֲԴǣУ־ǵȫҫ
ǽõѣǰ˵֮ԣǽĪ棬Ҳ̷Ŀ
֮ڣΪһ˵ֻ˵ȴʧӰû֪ǻ
ɼӵʩҪҵ֣գȴûа㷢֣ӵڤޣƾʲô飬ҵõ
ƺʿţڣ
³ţڣ
ӷ鶯ϵл࣬ţʦڣ
깫սңҲţ
鶯ūӡδ˿̻ƺڣ֮ӵ˾綾Ĵ޵Ĵڣʹøţڣ
һ仰Ϊľüᣬᶨţֻڣ
˾ͽڱУڷһĬĬĺ̫̫ľƺտЦֻЦЦţֹס£죬Ц죬Ȼ뿪磬ҪȥѰֵܣ
ʱżᶨ˾ͽһ뿪ˡ
ͷ˾ͽȥĵڶ죬׼һͬȥҪȥѰˡ
뿪ģ˾ͽϣʮֵĵ֪˴µĵһʱ䣬û˿ԥһȥ
ܶˣѰҷֻ֣ƾѰңҲûҵ㼣󡭡
ġǿУ˾ͽ㣬ããǺ
ġڣӷлˣĬпǿա
ڣոմһЩڵ£ƣľüںһ˵ҩĬĬŸ¥գ
ġ
ƺ⣬ڵУһˮȹŮӣ֮һ̾
㲻֪˭㣬ġ
ʮǿУδ˵һ仰ϣһɾģƾڤڤ֮еĸӦƾŵڵһ˿ϢǿмۣʼյѰš
ޣҲѰ֣࣬Ƕں϶߱˶صǣûϮκʿǳȺĺХããѰţ󱯰˻ͬ븸ĸʧͯ񣬱һɱ
ǿȺ޵ʿȫͣӣȺһݡ
ڣ˵伫֮أһƬҵʯ˿̣Ƭ޾ʯУһֻȭͷСͬʯ
ʯСףڲͨӵڤޣǶ֮ǰǷ籩Ļ˵ӣԸ׼ȥ磬ʵ̫£̫ˡ


1535 
ڤһУǿգǣȴû飬˵ٺ٣ֽ֮ǰֻһˣ
Ǹ걻ڤŵ־˴Ϊڤ֮磬ǿյǸʿ
ڤһУһϣǴڰ֮УȻԲΣȥܶ࣬ûκֲһƬ֮ڡ
һʿǺںĺӣǰŵһʬ塣
֣ĪǴûɣǰ쿴ֻ˲࣬ҳȥȻֳ˲٣ӣò˼꣬˾ͳˡҵѪйذĿ͵ʿ°ͣʬ˺üȦǰݺݵһš
̵ģڱǰװʿ۾һɣһ߹ȥ󿴵ʬûӦǰ߳üţɵЦӱ𣬲ʬϣ˿һʱһģշ
Ѿ֪Ѱ˶ˣããǿޱ޼ʣʼûп˵ڶ˳ֱ֣ڻǵã֪ǰԼҲ￴շ
Ĳϵذ񣬽һѸԼˣһ¡
ͷÿ춼𣬵һΣȴǲһˣͷֵɲǣ۾ģǿУͻȻһâ˸ţһʲô£ǵһ档
ǵõԼ˴ԼŷӦϲֱ̳һ漲ۡ
ҵ𲻿ʬ󣬿˻
ˡ˵Ǹˣôֳ˳Ŷǰɣ˭֪أҪ˵ܽҪɡС죬ȥѱȡ鱻ϴκˡǾȥȥҪ̵ģҪǲ˵Ҹȥ
ҲһӲˡô졭
СȥҸ磬ٸõ㣬̵ģҪǲ˵áԼȥʿ˵˵ţԼҲ֪˵Щʲôڱ߲ʽʱֵģ˵߰㣬ķ
߲ݵֹ˰֮ĺһʬ壬ɫ˱任һƬЦͺűôʰ㣡
УʿԾ˫֮±дֱͨʬȥ£͵ز֮ûɢǷһʿٴλûͨ
ϵغ£աڼͨе˿Ȼ񣬺Ȼ
СҺ죬У̧غ䣬һ޴ӡֱ֣·ʬ壬ֻӡ㣬ʬϾͱˡ
ӣȴǳһɺȻ֮ӡȻڵӡǷ𴫳ڵǿֻ֮ʩչľȻҪȵ𣬻Ҫȷ
Сδ㣡Ӻ̧һָȻͣվȻһƬɡĻõĳһ޴ӣ֧أԶԶȥȻһѾ޴ɡ
ٽɡһӣǹɡСս֣ʬһϧܿǿ󣬵ʵȴûʬ˲䣬ɢˡ
ͷӱһǷӿЦ˫̧𣬺һѹּԭ޹ȴһƾճֱ֣·֡
߲Сӣ๫ҸˣҪ˵㻹Ǵ˱ð㿴߲֮ҲŶ̧˲Ϣ߲֮â֣γһ޴ķ֣ת
ʱţੲУдͨδڽڽֹ
ֱպӲֹͣһԴŴ¶֮ɫ
ͨǿˣڸϰһˡٴվӣߵʬԱߣʬУһѹ
ʬץסǹҶϿһڹϣһʬѪںϣسС
ʬԣӴ˴˫֣ץǰѹҪקקУ𣬺ϡ
̵ģĹŹ֮ˣĹ˶ô󡭡ףҸղ˵ʲôŹĹ
һ£˰죬գգۿʬ壬ҡͷŹϤܳ޵ӡ
֮Ҳûʲôͷ̾һӣǰʬ壬̧ҧָ⣬ʬ
Ȱɣȵ㣬ӳȫˣȻ桭ԼѪιʳʬѾһˣǴʬ屻ÿ𶼻ιʳһѪȥ
ѪǺܱģѾͷ˶갡ҲŸһΣ˭˭˭˭ţС죬˭ţ
ŶǸʲôڵʥŮܵǸҪǿŲ
һѪǱȵʥҪģ
ûˣС죬ȥīҸõǼʮһεʲôιȥ̵ģҪǲ˵Ҹȥ
ֹУ˿ûע⵽ԭѾڿٻָеǾʬ壬ѪҺ󣬻ָٶ̾ͻ˲ֹͣûлָת֮£ʹƸ
ģʬڣһѪҺų⣬ͱ˴ͬһ㣬ųУȴһ˿ںϡ
ʬ壬֣
ӵѪҺǵ֮룬߷໥ɣҪƴһ໥Уֵ壬һı仯ֱ仯ڸıѪ
һִӷˣĳΪ˵ı仯
仯УǱκ˿սϹҲΪĹҲĳһԾ춯أһдܺȻı仯
սϹĿãΪҲ¶֮ɫ
ǶϿĹңڵǽأڱ仯Ѫںϣ˳ŹңѪ֮Źϡ
ģ˹֮ɢһΨֲſԲģһ˷ܵĻ⻶ƴ˹ʧȥ˺ҵһʱȸԾĺ
ǹ£ڴ˿ıѪҪ֮䵱ˣҪʮٱͬˮ֮Ĳ࣡
ǷӴգϵ
ˡС죬ү硭
ȥҸ磬챾ˣȥˣҪȥ桭ң湻ԼȥҪǸһȥҾͺϾϵ


1536 ȱЪ
ÿһ֮ڻָ֮ʱᱻӵѪֹʹƸصͬʱڷһ㡣
־ҵʹ࣬˷ֻԹȥҲͰˣʵϣ֮ǰѾѹֻѵʱȻǷӵѪ
ѪһɼΪһδΨеڹ֮ĹڣϿĻĻУǵįʩչ֮ͨʱϢѪҺڵ
ֻǣܱãѪҺڣתǹ֮ɱУֵĹͷѪҺ໥ںϡ
ΪѪ֮ǷӵѪҺĹУϵֹ裬ıѪ
νѪʵϱǹ֮裡ı˹裬Ǹıһ˵ѪܳɹôӴ֮֮ѪǷһ߹
ݸ߹Ըܵһ˵˼ƴѪڴĤݣֻ𺳵ķ֣ѪҺӿԼʱԪ񣬾ȻڲѪ˵һ޷ĸ߶˴ڡ
ִڣʿۣ֮
վ쳤֮ǴѪҺתֵ壬Ҳᷢһɱ䣬һַˣΪ˵ľ޴仯
ѵ֣ڶѪȻͬʱҲǷԼʩչͨһĻĻаǧͬʱ䣬þ޷ƽ
Ƿӿੲ˵Ļ졣
ֻһУǾ޴ʹ֮£ȴ޷ϸĥʹ࣬ǵĹǽ٣ҪŨ
޷ƤҲԪѪҺڣһҲˡ
ĪʹУץŵĹڣһȸԾĻǻ֮һůʹڣɻ
أּΪĸо֮ȻԼΪһ壬ΪԼѪһ֣
ǿԭ֮ǰĹϵģʵϲԼԼڱıѪ
ΨӵѪſһ
ѪǿǷǳǳɷɡףˣизɷɵСŮҳʲôǷԱߣͻȻһ٣¶ã
֮ҡҡͷִֿóֱӷԼ˼£¶֮ɫ
ѪҺԼϲɲˣҸ߹ңѪһξͿԡͿʲôţ
С죬ȥˣôˣҲұţȱؼҺ󣬱Ҫ㣡
ֹУŭվ˺üȦͣݺݵ֣ǿֵȻڻָ³Ϊ˵ʱİӣӾ͸ŭˡ
ôôѰôҪͺˣⶼˣôô
Խ˵ԽǷŭǰݺݵ˼źƲֿʼ˱ϣϵȥģԶԶȥӣһֻŭĺӡ
Ҹ˵ˣѪһƴ󶼿ԻָôѪȻȫӣ㣡ǷһԣݺݵĶ֣мûаͣС
ƫͲˣţֱֹ̧֣Ӿؿ͵һģԼɲǣȻ͸һӡǣӡֱӺ
һɫʱֱһѪȫϡ
Ѫеǣҳ㱾棡
һѪ֮ǰָľϪ޷Ƚϣ֮ͬĲ࣬Ѫ͸ŨŨĽɫһɴϢϺֵȻ
ȫëţѪҺ壬Ƭ̣ͰѪҺȫյĸɸɾ
ѪҺӿڣ̾ͻһɷ籩ڵĹ֮չɱǷֳһЩֱֹڣʼɱ䣡
һѪɫ˲԰ףϢ۾֣ȴ¶˸Ϊŭ
ûã㡭ȱЪģţǷŭһԣҲϥˣֻƽ͵ǰ
̵ģѪǱԸͳǱ˳ˣҲûκôҾͲˣͳȫӣӵͺУٴϣһΣ£
һѪɫ԰˺ٴһѪڶѪճѪֱ
ѪһƬѪֱֶ꣬ȥ
̵ġȻ˫ۣ˿̾ǰҲֹƫִͺУֱҧ⣬һѪ͵ֱϡ
Ѫı֮Ѫ֮ѰѪҺҪ֮۾һͨһ£ʧѪֱ࣬ӻ˹ȥ
ڻǰ
ѪǺܱġһЩˡΣͷΡС죬ү࡭
ֵϣȻѪҺЩѪҺԣɲǣٵĴȫë׷ڡ
ѪҺһڱ֮Ѫڽڵ˲䣬̾ͱһ޷ݵѹѹ£ڵĵ֮֮ȫѹȴʼûдΧںϡ
ˣ֮ѹƣЩӿڵѪֱȫͷȥѸ͵ĳڣںϡ
ںϣǷСΧС̶ȣ˲Ϣ䣬㼱һֵӾȫĺ㣬ȴ䱾ѪҺڱıƳ壡
ǹں£ģµѪҺµѪҺڳֵһ˲䣬ֵڣȻһɸ߹ϢֱӺ䱬
߹Ϣͬʿ֮ףǰҲҪͷһ㣡
ŵĿڣǾɫȻȼգ͸ƤԱȼյɲǣڹѪתǾɫ籩磬ڱͬʱٴں
һɫĻȻû
ɫĻ̺һشȴǵŽĳֵ֣ĿڣͼǹѪһ壬ͼֱ𣬰Χľŵ֮ףҲͬ
ͼ֮ȫɲǣһɫ磬ȻǱŵĿ֮ͫУ
ɫȫǽɫֻֽɫǺǵѣˣȴͬһ֪йɫߣΪ֮־壡
ɫ֮ɫɣ
۽ɫ֮Ŀɫ磬һ̣˫ۣпͫ׵ʿ޾Ȼ֮ˣ
ǽܵһ޷ݵѹֵ˫ĿںȻ


1537 岻
Դ֮ǰܴɣɻһ˿Բ˿̣ڹѪ䲻Բֱ֮ɢѪ֮ȻΪˡף
֮ף
ĿĽɫ棬ԭֻ״̬в࣬˵Բ±ڹѪתȫ֮£ȴȻ䣬һڲϳԽһл֮
֮
ɻ𣬾ֺɱһпʿǿʿɻ£Ҳֿ̫ãպȻ
ǿڴܣ׻Ҳẳ֮Уѡıˣ
ѪУµԴ٣˸ı䣬Բ룬ֻһ֮Ѫ£óɴ
ӵĳ֣˵һȵ֮ڣù񴫳еĴ컯Ըıһ
컯Ϊֹûн
˿̻޷ƶ㣬ĬĬĸڵһУ֮ǰȻͬĸо˲²⡣
ѪӹѪ̺һϢϢѪҺת֮£ԪҲڷı仯
ֲ֪ǣ㵱Ĵɽ磬ǰڵĴɵۣǾ֮ܳΪˣʵϣȽϣǷˣ
ڵѪȻһ־춯صĳ̶ȣ
ֻ弫Ϊ⣬˵ǹδֹ壡ǹǵŴУѪȴǷڷľٶ£ӵ֮Ѫ
֣̫
ȫųⲻϵغ£֮ܵѹƣ֮Ѫȴ޷һֵ壬㲻
ⲻУ°ӣ㴦һָֻļٱ仯֮УԪҲ֮ܵ䣡
һֱȥôֽΪһˣǱ󣬿ɳΪһ
ⱦͬʱʹ֮
ʱҪһѡѡ֮ǰĵŴУ˷⾪컯ѡ컯ǰǧĹ񴫳У
ܼѵľҾҪȥѡĿǰ޷Ԫ޷ƶȻĳ̶ֳϷ룡
̵ģˡʱʧѪԹȥķӣȴƣȴ˷ܿ֡
һ֮£ϵ˷̱ȴ֮ޱŭ
㣡ȻûָӵĴѪЩѪܻٶôѪЩѪȥ߲С椴˱˰ЩѪҪҸ֪ˣᷢ񰡣͵𣬳ǰȥһץֵļ򣬷һҡ
Ѫң˱ѪָǳǲǣС죬ȥһƳȥնˣ
ǷŭлĶֱ֣ӾſּϺݺݵһҧлͺ֮ͬһ蹷
ҧ㣬ҧ㣡ãӴ˫ٴͨ죬ļΪĶ֣ҧг֮ɿץּ˫֣죬ʹ
޹Ź֮ޣЩ̫ӲʹˣС죬ȥ̼ȡʲôʲôţˣȥҪǲ˵Ҹȥ
ʹߵһԣһЩת֣˷ļ
ҾͲˣţ룡ͨ˫ۼٵ˸Ƭ֮󣬻û뵽ʲôɵøӷֵͺ
ӵŭ𣬳޷Խ벻ԽǷŭŭԽԽŨ֮£ֱ̧Ӿץϣݺݵһק֮£ۺȻӷֿûѪ˿ڼΪ⻬
ԼۣӿһֻۣĶ֣ͺ˵һЩԼҲ׵Ļ
һӣ̱˺µ۾ͱ˵ϣ죬ֻӶԽԽ죬Ǻ֮ԽӾ룬͵𣬳ֵʬƿڴ
һգ
ֱӿڸŴŴͣ°ϣһ˸䣬˿ڴһԲεӡǣӡǳһɲɣϢΪӣ֮һ۾ͻʧȥ
ӡϣ͸һɷسʹڵĸоأ
˿ӴӡǣͻȻһ㶣ܿ죬о֮âȻ˸
ˣˣ촽֣˷ܵܵߣʬԼߣٰ£ҵȤ
ֻһһҪǶ˷ôͻļΪֲ
ôӡӡû˷УӸоȫѪҺɵЦЦЦţȴã
ЩԡӡҺǵҸ˵Ҳܴκη֮ˡ
ҷԣѪԸӡ֮⣬˭Ҳܸԥһ£ͷ֡
Ҹ˵ӡ˭Դڣѽʲôţüͷ̧𲻶ϵԴԽԽԺ
Ҹ˵ĻҪģǿԴڣûԴڣɫصĵ˵ͷ
ûˣС춼˵ҼܺãŪġУٴ¶˷ܣ촽˫̧Ȼ䣬ǺȻһǷӵ壬ǾҵĲ
ģü֮ϺȻ֮ǰ˿ڴֵԲӡǣ
س潵ӡ磬֮һӡ죡ӡӡʲôţС죬ӡʲôţһ㶣գգ۾һҡͷ
ˡ̵ģļʵ̫ˣһģֹ̧һüģ̺ȴһ޷ݵľǿ֮Ȼͳǣڤ֮磡
һ͵һץưԼüĵӡץֱӾͰüĹǵ֮ϣ
ӡ岻壡µɲǣֵڣֱӾͱһɾ֮͵ӿüģǷһ
֮£һѪֱӱ׳Զ£У¶ãҺˡǲܴڡǲܴڸŹգǻһܴ鷳
ףʲôûдڣûڣԺܺãǵôڹţ۾һºֱӻ˹ȥ
ӲƤٶǷӷŵľٶȫܣڶԷӡµɲǣĲԼǱѹƵĹ֮һֱӺȻ
ӣ͵˫ۣ


1538 ڵ
˫ĿɲǣüĺȻһԲӡǣӡǣǷü֮еģһһ
ӡǵĳ֣̾ʹڹѪһȻӿ
ԭڣѪ֮ǵ֮ƽ⣬һ˵ѹƣȴ𣬻ʼմȥ
ӡǵĳ֣ȴͬȼ˴սķʹڵѪ֮Ȼ죬Ҫȥǹ֮
һǱѹƵĹţͬ˷ƴֵΪսչһɱ
Ѫ֮Ͼߣȴոںϣ޷һĹ֮ȽϣԿļң㵽һּΪֲĳ̶ȡ
üĵǵ㣬һɲǣȻ߿ǵֱһţһɰĹֱ֮ӿڣ֮£ʱ׻ָȫ
ֵɲǣüԲӡǣתѪ֮Ȼʹֵ壬ֱӱ
ֱȫ˫ۣ˫ȣȫͷ­ԪȫȻ߽⣬ѪĽɻûȷɳ̫ԶȴһɾӿֶۣһģӰ
ģӰȻһԪֻʿԪ񣬶˵ģԪɣ
ԪһǷɽѪ۶䶯֮Уʱͻһͨ徧Ө͸޾ԶԶȥƾˣ
һ֣ȴȻһɲǼٴα֮һͬģüдڵһǵ㣡
Ѫɼ䣬һɵŵϢ䱬ǱѪ֮УʹЩѪ⼱ۣת֮£һǧɹȻ֮У
֮廹û̫ãȻٴα
ܶʼϣֱ֮мתÿһεı˵ʹ࣬ǵ֮Ͼǲ࣬ҪԿҪǣ
ɲֲ飬һôѾѡ⣬ڵЩ֮ữһ籩ֱӻһУǸʱֱɵԤУ
Ҫƽ⣬ҪںϣĻ컯ͻ٣
ߴαߴת߿ǵȫһжɲǼ䷢ת˲͹ȥÿһεǣڵĹ֮ᱩתΪ֮󣬸ǰޱȣһߴǺڵĵ֮Ȼ춯أ
ʱڰ˴αתʼ
һ鿪ģǻûΪڰǵ£˲ʹ֮伱ת˵ڰ˴Σ
˴֮Ҫٵģǿ飡
ȻѪ£ƣٴ۳Ǳε壡˲壡
ⲻ壬֮ӡΪӡĴڣʹ֣ӵⲻ֮üԲӡ˸ʹΪŨģڹѪ࣬תȫ֮£ȫѹ˹֮Ҫһ㣡
һԶԶûнûлõŴУѰĻô˿̱սᣬɥʧ񴫳УΪһˣȻ
Ĺ񴫳У񣡣ҽ˵ŴУӡǣĪ⣬ĳ֣Ѫ⣬ֵĵŴУ
Ƿ֮ǰԣӡǣܴˣùŹ֮޻ãǹŹ֮еգ
һĺֿд֮̾ϸܵѷ֣ͬʱڵĵ֮Ȼһεıûǵ𣬵
ȴֹУǹ߽еĵڶǰڶǰ٣ȫǱ˿ӡֵĵŴٱΣʱǴڵһɹ֮־
ڣ˿̴ģ־һΪţһΪɣ־ײ񣬱˿컯ΣȫԴ
ڶǰʹڳѷչ˱ɱ֮ǸոҪĹڶֱӶײһ໥֮һķʽĵҪѱ˴ȫɱֵԪһжҪɲǣ
춯أ
ֵ壬һеĴڣȫ˲Ϣ䣬׵׵ĴΧ߽⣬ĹڱдѪ⣬ǵĴأ𶯣ǧ֮ˣ¡¡һεĲУٵɢһɽȫ߽⣬ֻʣ羵һĴ½
Ԫֱգ֮£ưڤֿһ㣬ȡһкʹճΪ˽ɫ
ر任
ɫ죬ɫĴأһͬ񻰴˵˿ȴĳˣ
ǷѾѣԶһУʹ۾ۻ˲ɣڵأⲻҸ˵潵ʱֵľ֮еĵһô
ʱͻȻһϷĴȴؼٵĶ֮£һֱӱڴصľ£ǷӵĴУһ޴ĺӰǵĴֱӻûɽ͹ֱնȥ
Ǿ޴ӰߣȻһŹӣ֣ü߿ǵ㼱תŭгգ޴ȭͷ裬ƴ˴֮Ͼ죡
ͬʱɫս֮£ͬɫĺһ㣬ȻһɫӰһɫӰһޱȣĶŴ֮ϳĵŹ񣬴һ˦֮Уɫն޾
ԶԶȥ֮˴һĪĽɫ磬磬գ˵ӣȻҲ֣üԲӡǣɢ޾⣬һ˦£ֱǳĵŹȥ
֣˲ϢٽҪֳһ
ԽԽԽԽת˲֮УֱȻһ𣬵໥˴˽Ҫɲǣȴڶ֮䣬ȻһĹ͵˸
ĹڣһӣһֻӤȭͷСӣ
棬֣
ڵϵķӣ˫͵ص𣬴ӣǡҪҪҸҲѰҡǡˣʲôţС죬ɶ
һ죬ڵ֮ȫͻȻֵ֮ϣ
滺תһȦת꣬ɫյһУ֮Ӱʱͱڣ֮ȫںϺ󣬺Ȼ⣬һɫԪ֮壡
תڶȦУɫػûĵŹǽɫһٱգǽɫԪ֮⣬һǧɵĹ֮壡
ֻ֮壬ɢ⣡֣
ʱһֹͣҲ֪˶ãֵ˫ĿȻĿĿɫ磬ü֮УԲӡɢ߸ǵת߸ǵ㣬ȴǱ˽ɫ
ɫǵ㣡
˫۵ɲǣһһѪݺݵɨһǵķӣǰһֱڴأ˫Ŀһգʱϥ
ĿһɨǷһװûпһߴſڣһ߿򣬵ȴһֱ֣۲䷴Ӧ
֮ӸɿһŲԶϥ֣ٺЦСӣЦһŶ


1539 Ź
˵֮ʱֵɫֶ⻰ûа㷴ӦͷСĿ˼˫֣һЦ˵˵ҲУɶ߱Ŷ
شģһĳĬĿɡ
˵Ҳ˵С챻ץסʱǲ˵Ұȫëˣºôˣֿ˼Ծֶ棬̸
²ɣʱС˵˵ţԼŶӴЦЦ֮ͣ£ݺݵĶ֡
ΪʲôЦѵ˵ĲЦôʱ˵ҪЦҲЦЦ߱ȥҸ磡һû˵СôˣͲʱСôˣߣ㲻ʣƫҪ㣬ʱףˡüͷһ壬ݺݵԴ¶ã
̵ģôˣ
һ߶ûûˣһڱգûаͣУϵ߶߶ţԽ˵Խ˷ܣΨһźֻûϻش𣬲һ˵Ѿˣ仰ˣӬڻصþòɢ
ְҲûУ˿ڼΪң֮⣬ԪȡԪڣڻת
ǰշ˵ʱ䣬ôһʮʱӲŻתһȦ
ڵԪȻ׵ıʧȡ֮ģȻѪڣ̺ŨŨ
ԶԶĳԪĲΣϱ֮ǰֵԪҪ˰ٱǧֹǰԪɴ󽭴ӣô£ֻϪѡ
˵ˣȴ𶯣ܸ̲ܵһɼΪµľϢ
ԪĹ֮壬֮ǰǱ˵ڶ٣δȫԭգһ˿ǿȣ֮֮ǰ̺ĵ֮Ҫǿֹÿһεƿغ䣬֮˷
һǿĸоֵڼٵıģǿڴԼǰҲûӶݵʸ
Ǳ֮ڻҪǿĿԲԼһս֮
Ϊ˿̵ĽϣǺڣı仯
ֱ仯Ǻǻֲ֪£ȴڲϵشҵʹ࣬Ԫɵų⣬ܴں״̬ųȴȻڣ
棬Ҳ޷ȥֹıų⣬ֻǿֵںϣȴ޷ɢڣʹĸԴ
ų֮޷׻⣬ôֽ޷ӳȫʵÿһתʹͬʱֹܷ֮ӳģֻвɶѡ
ɣɱڴܣȫ׻ǿֲ֪֪һ㣬Ǿ֮ǰگ֮ԼȫʵҲĵ֣
ͬģ֮ҲڷʱԪֹ
ҲͰˣֵĵģųԽӾʱԱ£ԼԼԪ֮壬ǻ֮У꣬һУȫ᳹
ų֮ͬһͷ֮ʱ£
ϥͷԼת뾡һзҪȥų֮գûа˼
üӡǾܿƱʵֻԼ֪ӡǣûбԼԪһӡڻ߸ǵںϣˣŻĹǵ㣬ڹ֮һڣδйģɫǣ
պǷӵĭУƣȴ˷ܵɫ£˫ۣ˫Ŀص˲䣬ĿֱӱǷС
ɫĿһɣǷӻȻֵֹ˫ۣɫ¶⣬ͷԼ֣ɵֵʵףôĽĿֻǵ𣬲Ŷ㿴ģ
˵ţ̱һʹϸߣӣҲһɲǷһڣʱ
У˫ĿʱϬɫâֱӾʹ˫۱
ɫĿ£ӷһˣһ˵ľϣ
ôôɣǷһڣʱɢ
ţһЩһ⣬͵˿Ӹ֮ڼٵݵ̾Ѫ䶯ǿ׳ͬʱٴ¶һϣ
ɾʱȴ۵һ¡¡һβֱйƤֱӾ͸˫۵Ľɫ˲ɢٴ
εͷɫ΢죬ֺٺЦ⣬⡭
ָӵǰӣĿ£ǷӸΣβ˼
Ⱑ˵ˣﻹôҡ֣йģĪˣβڱǼʶһڡ
ְ̾һӶ컯֮ͬ컯ȴЩɱʵûʲôӡȻˣܻǻų֮ȴ㼤ҡ
ˣӼƽкáҡͷĵģų֮ǿջĿ⣬̧һץ̱һѷֱӻûһץ֮£һħȻ
ȴǴӹĹڱõĹħֱӾͳǰ
ħԭʯֻõŴʱı䣬ȻһĿħ˸תֻħȻһʬˡ
ǹħԭֵ뷨Ҫһħ꣬ӶʹħΪų֮ΣȴǸı⡣
Ŀһ̧ǰһָʱǹħȫһ𣬾ҵĲУӴӼٿήѸСȫѪȵһУһɹħֱĿħǡ
˲Ϣ䣬ħʧȫħڣһץ£ֱĿ۶
ɲУħǾĿӡǽɫ֮£
ħ˲䣬˫֮£һȴü߸ɫĹǵ㣬̱һ⼱˸֮£ĿڣħǼڣ
Ƿ˺վڲԶĿһĻʹ۾ԹΪħΪ֣ǹŹУһ
ŹգΪʼħΪ֣֮ˣһһΨҸӵеĲ壬ôǹŹ֮ޣ֣֡ߺߣ˭ôĵӣҸŹ֮岻壡ҪҸ֪ˣȻŭ
УһҪĸ˸ô󣡡Уɫࡣ


1540 ͨ
ʱţת۱죬Уֲϵذڵų֮תĿڵħУֵ
أĿħǣҲΪ˽ɫǽɫ£˺ѿ
ŻѹסԽӾҵų֮ʹٶȣлһЩ
ֻҲֻǽΣһЩѣܴӸȥ⡣ų֮ʼӰһ㣬֮С
˫ۣɫǷһۣա
ҼǵսУõ֮ڤ³˽ɫ籩Ҵ£塭ڵ磬ȻڤڡҪ뿪ס˼䣬Ƿӿʱһָ֣ɫ࣬ͺ
˵˭岻壬̵ģҪĸ˵ôУ¶ŭ
һ㶣Ƿӣϸ˼ۺ󣬻֮ǰһĻĻȻȷ˵ĵȷȷһӣһһǳķӡ
ԳƱԴиǼΪˡ˭
Ŀɨ˷˷ŵԴǣ¶Цٺ˵ѽСЦһͣһŶ
üͷһ壬ɫĮͲȥӣһжһѹ
⹭ʱѾԼѪ֮УҲûаˣԪΪһ壬˿һֱӻû
ֻϵѾˣ޷ʹáĹһ˿ӣ̾Ŀ¶˼
ʲôſԽų֮
ĮԼһЦͲЦأѪǷǳǳģһξͼֵŲ㣬һҲ㣡
ô˵۾һתȴ¶⣬Цˣؿ㣬ȻߣǾԺЦˣɣСӣ߱ķŶ
ֶ˵ˣ㡭Ҫ߱ķɣ
㻹˵ãϲǿСӣԽԽ˷ܰ
ӴЦֿʼ߶˵˵ţȻһߣһ߲ϵ˵Ż
ֽʵ̧ᷳͷǷӣڣ룡
Ƿһ㶣۾͵صͣſڣû˸ôͱ˵ôġ
кһ̧ǰһӣȻ䣬һɽɫĿƾճ֣ǶҵһֱӾ;ǷֱԶһҽУǷӱԶ
ڰˡ
ֱַۣĿٴ¶˼
ֻǣСһӵľģ˼ûȳãԶͺȴǷӱмٸ˻Ŀ죬ת۾»صǰſھһҪ˵֮ʱ
桭
̧һӣ籩ǷӲҽٴαߡ
һΡΡΡֱ߰˴κǷӼÿαߺ󶼻ٶȸϻǰҪǾ仰˵ꡭ
ÿһΣûᣬһٴαߣǲҽⰲϣΪ
ֱʮκкŨԷǲҽھȻ͸һɻ졭ǷӵʮλԲȥ䣬ǵŶԷǾ仰˵ꡣ
̼һ˷ܣһٴ̱˫ۣ¶ڵʲô
˰죬¶ɻ˫֡
ҲкŨ
ɰɷɰգգۣ˼£˫쿪ɵĶûзӦ󣬺ջ֣ٴ˼£ͷ˵ĺܸˣ
Ҫĸоҧҧû˦䣬ֱվҽ͵Ƿβݺݵһߣóڲų֮µ֮߳
֮߳Ժһʿ
ɨһǷϣ˷ܵĲҽУӱ߷ɣڰ˫쿪һα׵Զ
Ƭ̺Ƿӵʮߴ˻˷ܼﵽ۷壬һ˵ſһתβ˫ſ˫ۡ
սȭͷ󣬽ƽ
ϲôã̧һץѷֱӴ򿪣һץ֮£̾һͷ޴ĺԳȻһ˴ϡ
Գֵƺһ½ѰʵȴΪϲ֮ޡ
Գֺ췢һ׳˫ۻ裬ݺݵؿڣ졣
Ƿһ㶣תͷһۺԳжʱ˷֮ɫ˸ֱӾǺԳ棬źԳ˫ҲѧţؿںĻ
Գɻ֮ɫĶǰ֮ˣ˶Է֮⣬ܶԷϵϢ£ֵ£ɺ֮ɢȡ֮ģһɷŭٴ
һһԳ໥棬չ˳ϵ˴ƶҪѹԷǺ죬ԽԽң
˿ȥǷӣĿ˼УѰҽų֮ķģһЩͷ
Դѵı١Դɣڤڤ֮ٿڵų֮
Դת֮ʣʹųֳ֮ɡ
ԴԳһֳɵų֮˴˳һѭ
ٱԴƭų֮ƭһ㣬ʹԪţںϣоһϸһĿ¶ᶨ֮ɫ
ˣԴɣҲָȫ俪ţΪĵܣʱжǿսȭͷ
١Դδɣ֮ǰҲй»ȱһ԰ո
һ輸ԽԽã
УֶǺȴǺԳܲסϵغУ˻ƣǷӵĿ⣬˿ֲ
ŵŵŵ˺ǺԳٺ𣬰Ŀ֡
ǷӸǵ⣬ϾҲƣҲɳƣɫȴ˷ܲѣ˫ֺݺݵؿڣ˻ƵĴЦСͺҸ糤С춼ȥ½˭֪󣬺СӣҲҺͱȺ𣡡
ٱȱͨ㿴ͨΣÿӴŴ̧һָǵգͻȻһƬϼ˸ϼڣһ޴ƣƳһɺƵϣɼһ޴ӡպ併١
ӡ˫͵һɫݣˣ֮ǰ޷ƶʱʩչͨÿһޱȣ
ǴӡȻĶ
ǼѪǷӸһĪ컯


1541 Щ޳
˫Ŀأϳֵľ޴ӡӡƴջûܻһƬƬŰ˷ص
ڣÿһƶΪͬһֻƣö
ӡѧӡΪƣȴһЩϸ΢Ĳ֪ͬӡֻһ޴ƣû̫ƣڳ֮֮ʹӴޱȣ̺˾֮ͬʱȴЩ̫òٿء
ӡԽԽյ֮ԽԽ࣬ӡնȻƿء
ףһԼǻӡУԼйأӡˮʩչȻûЩȱݡ
ˮʩչӡϵָƣҲԶԶûƱԵûһƬƬĲơ
Ⲩƣǿ֮
֮
Ź۲죬ɫΪ࣬ӡֱ˵ϣһһ˾˷ɢⷽԲ޾ȫ֮С
Ҳӡ֮£ܴӡϣ˫¶֮ɫڲϵشĦı仯á
һӡ⣬ūһ㣬ūԪӡū֮һ飬ٱΪӡֻ滹һЩϸڲ̫Ҫӡеľܿھ촽˫¶⡣
Ƿһ⣬Ц
ôôͨЦУӿǺԳҫʵϣ˫ȴɨ¶֮⡣
Цˡ
ӣϵЦԽԽʢֵЦݣɻͷ˿Լ壬ͷЩ㲻׶ԷЦʲô
ͨпɣҲᣬҪǿϲ١ֻڣ졣
Ƿ¶мָ֣ͨģҸ磬û˱ȵĹңٺ٣ǲ͵ѧ㣬ͨҸ˵ˣ˭Ҳܴڣ룬Ҷ̣
˭˭˭ţҪ͵ѧһۿߺߣǺܴģ˭Ҳƭˡ
ֲ˵̧һʱպ䣬ȴһģӡȻ֣ӡ֮̾ͷ֮ܵͬʱ·ٺ
½ĹУһĪѹпХأʹôط֮һ޴Ĺֱ˺
Ƿһͷҷ¶ͣӡҪµɲǣ˫Ŀһǰһָ
ֳڣӡССĹУȴǱ˲ȵļҪƿһ㣬պһڴأһǷӸǱصԾ
һ޴ӡӡԶĴϣӡԼɴСԶԶȥͬӣ
ʩչŵͨͬӡӣôұϣͨٻɫǡô¶һ˿
һ˿Ƿ˫̺ץһ˫ۣϵôؿڣͺոѧǺԳĶΪа
ģţŭڣǰһֱ̧֮ͨһָ죬֮£޴ӡƾճ֣һӣӡֱأ֮£ӡ˵ϣĳڵһǳǳĺۼ
һ£˿ǳǳĺۼֿ˿Աִӣ˫¶񣬺Ϊңٴʩչͬӡ
һԴȫ˫ۼ˸ܣҪӡȫϸڶεؼУ˿ȻһУʣµģֻǷһһʩչӡ
ûֻ컯ǰϵȥʩչֻͬͨᣬʦͽ֮䣬Ҳ˳̶ȡ
ʱǷʩչ˼ʮӡͬĴϣʹӡһЩӣǲ̫֮Զ
Ȼʩչͨоˣĥŷ֮ʱ͵֣ȴڿϣǸֳ볰
һ֮£ŭˣ
̵ģͲˣͺƣչӡϵغأ
һʱʱʱÿһҪʱϿԽԽŨ飬ܲˣ
˫۳Ѫ˿һ߽Ĺ۲죬һ̧ǰ裬侪˵ԣڿٵĴĦܡ
ֱʱȻٱӡ˴ܣϵͷ۵ľЩƵġ
̵ģ̫ˣӲˣȲͱȲʲô˵ģҪȥ˯ֹУҪתͷʶĿ֣һ֮£ȴһ١
ϣһ˿𾪣
һ˿𾪣ⱾѾķӣͻȻ˷˫ֺݺݵĴԼؿڡ
ȻӴ˿̶ȻѡᣬϾо̫ˣ¶𾪣ȴǸġ
СڲˣߺߣãټӰѾҪ֪˷Уתٴκ
˫Ŀ˸ٵУʱţ˫ڣһӡӡǿԺڣԽԽ
ĸʱʱֱ߸ʱǷӺȻ˻ƣ˫ͨһƬаһӡ˴ϣغ߸ʱУһӡӣֵӡȣࡣ
һУŴƣǴɳƵĺôôͨģ
ɫ͸һ𺳣ڵҪԼһ¡
ȥ飬ߣţǷ¶мȴڸǲסϵĵ⣬𺳵Ŀ⣬Ϊ㣬ƺһƣʲôˡ
صһȥߵǷӡĴ⣬ϸĹ۲˺ܾãĹ۲죬ǷӿϢʵ˫ȴǲϵضֵı飬Ҫ𺳡
ɽأоһЩֵɫԭ𺳣ȴʧһƬƽУΪ֮ɫȻٴγ֣
ϵŭ죬Ķ֣
û뵽Ȼգͨ޷ȵĹңȴֽšҡͷУɫأת߻أϥ￴Ƿһۡ
һ£ɫͨ죬ֱӳ嵽ǰûУûУ
⼸ʱõͨǴΣͬһƭң˫ۣ˵
ңõͬһͨȥϸȥûƭ㰡ǷӼˣˮúԩǳǳԩԼʱòײ㣬˵ƭ


1542 
ѾһԴնǷӣ֮лһ˿ʹϧ
˿ʹϧǷˮŨ۵һȻ
һޣʱǸ⣬Լͺһ壬ȥƭһͯߡ
ˣڤ֮ʶѪ컯ַͨ£պҪġʿٻ裬϶ĪĹ£һԹձٴԣպ֮£֮£ǰӣĿ͡
ûѣʩչͬͨͨӡҸ˫ڸҵġûϴˮһʱϳк࣬ĨĨᣬĿ¶ίִ
ҪţҸھСͲѣҸ˵ˣҪѣҡίв˼̾ͰӡĿھһһʮȫ˵˳
㿴㿴ھԼһ£ȥʩչһ£Լûƭ㣬ӮˣˣҲˣŭ𣬴ίֱһԣⲻȥ֡
ȻǿھȫסĬ֮£̱İ֮ǰһв֮ȫգ̧һָȻ䣬һΪڵӡƵûн٣ȴһɰѹɢ֮С
̧ͷӡ˫ͫһ˷֮⣬Ϊĸܵӡͨһֵ
һΪǿԻصĴ
һƣͿ԰ֵʵͨı仯˲ϢҪģӡֻһƣ̺Ϣȫʩչ㹻ΪԻͬʱ£ɱ塢񡢻꣡
ˮʩչģǿԺɱѣѧͨӡӡμסĿ⿴Ƿӡ
ӾͷǴһ޴ıأʱԱһЩ
ˣҪˣҳϣͨȷ֮ǰҴˡִǸ⣬ĿвͣǷһȭ
һƲȥ֡
ֿЦ̧ǰһץ̱мҩȡⵤҩѡģҩ㼫Ũһ֣ʱŨ
ǷӱӶʱһʶ˼ڣ촽ȴӲͦŲȥ۾ȴбŲϵȥ
ߣ㵤ҩʲôιСһţҲЩöˡ
¶ЦЦ֮ɫһҩһžһⵤҩ鿪̴Ũ
ǿ̳嶯ɶȴ֮Ѿܾúܾûʳҩˣ˿̽Щܲס
Щҩ㣬֮ǰҴ⳥ˣɺãᣬаѵҩǰһӣҩֱӶȥƯǰ
ʹ˿ĭתֱĶŵҩǲм˵Щ걾һۣ̫ˣʵ̫ˣˣȻСڱΪѺˡ
˵ţּٵ̽һѾץǼҩ˫ð⣬ֱӾȫУ֨֨ҧ˼ڱ븹С
¶΢Цȭͨȷˣ֪Ƿֻһ֣
ǷӵУͻȻ¶裬תͷ֡
⻰Ҽǵǰ˵˭šС죬˭˵⻰ţˡǵã˵⻰ĿģΪҪƭҵͨߺߣ˴ˣϵƭҵ
ҾҲκοھͨ
̧ͷкһɸ߸ϵĸоҡͷ̾Ϣѧ̫Ҳһܷ飬û취̫ˣѧҲͶˣ˹ķϣչ¶һ£ҽ㣬ûţ
˵ţվӣչһ˫ۺ󣬵̧֣ǰһᣬȻ䣬һȴһƬɫĻ𺣺ХһѾ޴ɡֱӾͻû
ɡΪɡĻɡ£޾֮£һ޴ɡˣһ֮ף˷Ȼ䣬γ˾ŸɡĻ磬ǻȼգ̺һ޷ݵĿֲϢ
˫ͫһϳˣԼյķٽɡΪƣͬǣյǴͨҪɡʩչģһ֣ɡѾˣ
ƣʵϣȴأ
ôɣɡǱպϣǺܴأһӣɡʱϢɢС
ߣҾǲ㣬㿴õѧأţӵУ̧˫֣̻֮ǰȻһӣǴ˿йǼ뵱ֿĵ㣬һһ
һɾļֱӾʹ˫ڷıֻҪһ֣ؾͻ̱˺飡
ĿɶˣʲôأǷ£ǿصɫǵǷٴſһ˫ɿǾɢͬʱ˫͵һӡ
һȴȻɫâȻû߲֮âۣȻͻһ߲ʳǹ
춯أռգǹƶ£ƾնҪ˺һ㣬ǴǹϴĿ߲ʣǸһëȻ֮⣬ɲǼһ亹
߲֮â̺һ֣ƿӰһп֮ĵһ㣬ƣָܣȴԶԶس
ǷӳЦ˫ɿջָ糣¶ܣٺЦôôɣ벻ѧ벻룿
㣬ѧͨˣ̫ˣߺߣʲôûûһƭңҶ̣
ѧҲûðҲûа취ǿǷҡͷɫǵ⡣
룬ôشءҼǵ˵Ļشǲ룬ȻĮҪȤأ½ɶЦˡ̱ŶӴЦ
Ҫǻش룬ͻľܾ㣬СӰǺϺϵģɫգҲûðֿʼੲݣԽ˵Խ˷ܡ
Ƿӣ¶΢Ц
Ҽǵڤ޵ļڣ˲ʶޣҵ걻ڤˣƺܺµӡǵ΢ЦŨˡ
ǷӱֶţǿֵЦݣ˲ϡǵãƺԷǷЦԼʱʩչӡ۵
ʱͻȻǺȻһ𣬻ɵգȻ˷籩֮£Ҫ˺ѣһ޴ӰĴջû
Ӱ֮󣬷һͷ㣬ϻӣڲϵ趯
ڤޣڸֵܵٻڣһ磬óӰ
ֵһ˲䣬Ƿϵĵʱ˫ͫӾҵĲһĲҽУ
㡭Ȼ׷ɱǧİȻŹңҲóԣĲó԰


1543 Ϊͽ
ӵĲҽһǱֽڤޣ̾ͱһ˫ĿǷӣϳӾǵǸˡ
һϳڤ̻ھкŵһǺΪ
һǷӸǿ־壬˺ɫ˲԰ס
ֲڤ޴˿̶ԥķӶݣԸеһ棬ȴڶݵĿ־󣬴˫ĿһתɫʱǷٴεͺӴӣȫûǰ͵سȥ
ǷӲҽӼٺˣԽˣڤ޾Խϵرƽ£ۿҪٽǷӡ
޴ӣڲϵ˦֮ڤ޴˿Ϊ˷ܣһڱܣδܹԼȥű˵Ȥ˿ᵽָо궼
Уڤٴαƽ̫һڻУǷӣһӼкˡ
ͬģΪ˶ԷڤҲһһЩһŻ
С죬ңȥԵҪԱĲó԰ȫ׵˵ӡ
ݣݣλʿݣȻڲԣ˺ͨһˤ˵ϣӲ֮£ϵȥɫ֮ңԿ˿̱ڤŵĲˡ
֮ʱһվӵǰӰһ˲䣬ǷӾüΪߴ
ãԱãҸһãȥֹޣҪԱó԰Ƿɫ¶û뵽Σ֮ʱֻվԼǰָжһС
Уִ˿̳Ϊȫ
Ҫ㣬С͸㣬С͸㣬߲СҲ㣬мȫ㣡
ûпڣ̧ǰһͬʱĴһڤһ£ǣƺܲףֵ˼
˵˼ȴʶҪ嵽ԴһǷӵУȻǾ޴ڤޣȻֱײ
˲Ϣ䣬ڤ޾ֵ壬ɫһ䣬ֱһѪӵŵŵźһץסǷӣٺˡ
һˣڤ޶ʱһ£֣¶⣬벻ףΪʲôҪ˰Լźûײӡ
ֵ£ڤ޻ѡӣӺԼҪϷ뵽̾˷ͺ䣬׷ȥӴһ֮£ɫ䣬˷ƾˣ
ˣˣҪңŹңǷӱץϵĲҽ
Ǹ࣬ȴûб¶
ʿңʿҡҸΪҸȫӶ㣬ʿң
޼ΪҲĶ֣ϲˣǻУҧ飬ȻٲϵظʴĵҲˣƬ̾ͻ
µģѻģһҪϵرȥҧ飬ϵظʴֱǧֱץǷѸ˺󣬵ȴʼ޷Ĺڤޣһľ룬ܽڤӵ˦ǰһ㡣
־룬Ƿ˼ѹ־岻ѡ
ô죬ô찡ҪԵˣ˵ͲˡӲУҪ˳Ȧܿˮ
ֱ仰ЦתͷǷӣһһֵĿڵ㿴Ӵӣһܱô
Ƿһ㶣ȥϸĿһ׷ڤޣɫ̲Ұף͵ҡͷ
ϧҿһΪȴûܷӳͨЩͨ˵԰Ѵ޸ߡֳ̾һ
ǰô죬ô졭ҪˣҪˣˡǷӲУ¶
ҴСޣôޡ
ʱڤʶĺɨֱӴǷǰɨ棬ٴβҽ
һͨһͨԣһᰡʵ̫ˣѧѧ޸ߣӾͻȻ˫һæ˵
ǺԥֱӾͰѷٽɡĿھһУͳͳ˵˳
ɫ糣ȴ͵٣һ˿©İǿھһȫУĿһ֮£вϵӡ֤
Խӡ֤ԽأھΪ׼ȷǾ㵱ȸ֮Ҳֻ͵ѧûյͨ
̶ֳֻȵֿͨѧ֮չǱ޶󣬲ϵ£ķӳ
ǰһӣ̱аƻûȻ䣬Ǳ͵ѧķٽɡͳ֮䡣
ɡһ֣ڤ̾һ٣¶־壬͵ͷڣ׵׷ʲôΪҪԼʩչͨ
ǹɡճ֣ȴȻִǷӼˣ˵ǲ
һҴڸ㣬޸ߡǷӺǽţְ̾ǹھ˵
˵֮ƻǲģڤӴɨɲǣּڣ߲֮Ҳ㣬ҾͲ˵ˣǱˣҲ˵
Ҳ̱̫̫ͨҲˣ˿ǸͬģУȻӵ֣˵޳Щպ֣ĳ
޵֮ʿ˾ϣ㲻ԥȥ־ˣӶ֮ȻεļУаǣպ˴ѣҲԥѡȥһУֻԸеĸ֣жر
߲֮ǹ幭סȻ̧ͣڤֱ¡
֮УɿְǷ·ȥͬʱһӣȴŨգڤ֣ӿ
죬ڲϵػصǷڵϣ̧ͷյɫ
㲻ʿǱĶˣҸ˵жһҪģһᱨģĵȥ赲޺ˣӻæͷҲԶȥ
һ·ߺãһǵô£һᱨġԽԽ죬תۼܳԶ
պԽӾңȴûά̫ãһ£ɢִһ߳ɨһԶǷӣǰȥ
ڤ޸ֺ棬׷˹ȥ
ӱ»ͷһʱٴҽˣˡҪˡ
־Уҧֱ֮ӱ˫ۣŲӣ԰ɳ԰ɣʲôˣ԰ɣ
ֻ˺ܾãҲֱԵĸоӿ֣ӺУ˫ۣ
ηĴޣɫ¶һǣ߹ȥֵַǴϣĸ
շˣ㡭Ȼշˣһº˫۶ʱð֮ɫֱ֡
Ҹ˵Ǵڣ˲٣һǸ֮һ˺£ƾҸҲշˣ˰ΪͽɣһҪΪͽ


1544 ȥ
ʦϣͽһݣڤ֮УǲƵϣǰ
Ƿֱӹ£ϵؿͷɫ͸һأ˫¶ȵĳ羴
֮ģǣԸݸΪʦڣݼʦ𣡡˵䣬̧֣Լüġ
һֱֶ֮ȥת֮¾ڡ
һĻҲֻŻӣʳͨھѣȴû뵽Ȼת۵һĻ
ʦҵʲôշޣҾҪѧѧԺٿҪҵĴޣҾֱӳȥշǷ˷֣ܵһԣǵ⣬İ
ߺߣǱΪҸ˸ˣһѧͨ㣬ܻ㣬ҸҪ֪ˣһҡ
ɫŹ֣ڤһģɢӰǣʱžֻʣǶˡ
ĿǷϣֽ¶΢Ц
շ޵ͨ£»Ǵ֮ʱΪʦҪ֪㻹Щܾͨ񡣡ֻڡ
Ƿһתգգ˵˰ЩˣҶˡ
Ȳ˵Ǳա΢Цлһתֵ벻뿪
Ƿɫʱæ͵صͷ밡һֱ뿪˺ܾúܾãҲûҵ·
ҿԴ뿪Ҫ֪յͨУǿʲôϥһԣЦ
֮žҸ磬Ҳֻ˵߾˵꣬ס˿ڣʹҡͷ
ǲϸ˵ģĵһϸ˵ͻɷǷɿ֣ȴûз£ǿűǿףĿɨ
ӣƸͲ˵
ҡͷһЦȥʣ̰ģҲֻˣӴϻ컯Ȼ޴̰ȥδЩˡ
׳ͨھÿһĪʱȥҲûжʱ䣬ȥʳͨ
պҴȥֳУ˫ۣĬĬ֪ԼʱȣҪ㹻ĵ˷ɰеļƻɣ֮ų֮
ʱ䣬Ҫڵų֮ѹһ£Ա㱣һ̶ȵʵȴµļ顣
УΪʦˣ㲻һͨڣͬ⣬㴫ͨȻ۸ˣǷӿֱĿ̾ͲˣæܵԱߣٴοʼ
֮ԽԽˣֶ棬ੲ
㲻۸ˣҶ˺üͨھˣҪҲҼһҲаС죬˵ǲǣûģ۸̣Сô
ֱ߶˫ۣһӣ̱һɽХ֮£Ȼ˾䣬ɫ֮磬˷纮һ֣ؾ£Ȼ⣡
磬㣡
Ƿգ¶м
ŪңҲɵССͨҲŲѧ
һӣɢһָһƹ˲ϢƬĻ£ˮٽ٣ˮǽɫһ£Ԫ۶
ˡС죬쿴ˡǷһ£˰˸ҡͷ૵ֺŪңʲôͨŲѧ
绽ɱɽ֮һһʩչÿһǷӶֻһۣ㲻ϵҡͷɫŭֱ
ϹģͲܸҵõͨ㡭̫ˣ
ֶǷӣ󣬰εڵķӡӰݣǵںϣȫʩչ
ʲô⣬Ҳз죿ѧ
ȫģʲôͨѧ
ںϣ̫ˣһѪͿһˣѧ
üͷڣ㵽Ҫѧʲô
ǷӸǷŭǲңҪѧշǴ޵ͨ
ЩͷʹǰһָǵڣȻһڣȻ侹һƬ󣬺ͷһֳ֣â֮£ҹ֮Ȼ
Ƿǰһܿ죬ҡͷбġ
н˲ͣһٴָȥյĺڰǳɢһ޴ʯźȻû֮䣬µת֮˷
ص¼ٵתҪȹǧһ㡣
Ƿϸ˰죬ٴҡͷ
ʯŻûźãɶģѧ
ٺõӣ˿ҲЩͲסˣһѧͨȫһһչ¶ǷѡһֱǷӻǲҡͷ
ǽҡͷҲͰˣȴǱֻҪŭŭԽŨεĴ
Ǹˣ㲻ֻͨǲң
ˣִ˷ӵĺУŭЦһͨ㰮ѧѧ˵ţ̧𣬸һѧĵһͨʩչ˳
Ϊʩչʱʵ̫ףһʱڴ£һ޴ʯ飬ڰȥ
ǷӴһ£ĶŰյʯ飬¶֮â͵ʹ۾ʱ
氡棬ҾѧˣʦǸˣȻִͨ
ʵӣóһöӡڣֱ˦ԷĿ
ǷӽӹһɨüЦ˲Ͱѧᣬֽ֮УæܵԶǰһָ𶯣һʯ顣
棬档һٴһָһ˼ʮʯ󣬲ٿЩʯתԼʯתһȦһȦģǰѣΣɫȴǼΪ˷ܣЦϡ
ƻ񫣬ܵԶֱӷŴһָ̳ѷ죬һʯ𣬻⣬ǧ
ʱת˲ȥ˫ۣĿн⽥ϸȥᷢ֡
˫ۿԶһ̣ȴüͷһ壬ҡͷЦ
ֻԶǷЦΪŭʯ飬ʿһ㽫֣棬ʯ飬һ
Ȼٿôʯ飬ڰչɱײ
߲СӣӲӱҪǸҲӣɾŭˣ֮ܵĴʯڣһŤָ¶֮ɫϸڡ
е͹
ֿЦãǷģ̾һǰȥ
ˣȥ棡
Ƿδ˷ܵæ󣬲ʱĻͷЩʯ飬¶ᣬǣҪҪЩߡ
еǡοڡ
ԽԽԶʧ֮ڡ


1545 
СӶ׳۰ˣöడԳΪĺУڤ޲ʯڣܻص
͸һƱ걬˷ܣĳֻ֣һĸӰצһʯڲϺеĳȥ
Ȼϰӵ룬ûȥľٶĬĬǰƬǿգϤϢ
ҵϢ
ڡؼˡ¶꣬мң飬ȸֻѾû˼ˣеֻꡭ
Լ֪ΪʲôҪؼңⲻΪˮΪ˾ͽϵˣǧƯ˵һ飬ôһ᲻ϡ
£Ѿû˼ˡ
¶ˣⱯˣһĿǰãֱ˫ۣûᣬֻˡ
ǷӵĺУҲصɻĿ֣ͷǰ¶ãδԷ˱飬ȴĿԸܵԶԷϵһ˿걯
٣Сӣôˣͱ˵˵۸ˣΪǷ˫°̧¶һòӡ
˫ۣĬûпڣҡͷǰһȥֱԶǿգһصȥ
ߵĺĿǿգһУϤĸооԽе꣬ԽŨ
ԼҲ˵壬ΪһΣȵҪˡһΣ̫̫̫࣬Զ̫Զ
ҲˡҰС죬СļһΪʲôұңҪؼҡǷӸıֵӰ죬Ҳ
ӵ仯ܿ죬ûã֮ǰıһɶٴ˷вٿܵʯǰǰХȥĲֺ
ĬĬǰţİѱᣬƣأкܶҪȥЪϢ
ԶˣȴʼղԼ̫Զķӣ¶һ˿ĽĽӵĿ֣ڶԷϣʲô鶼ת۾ǣǻ뾡Լ
һ㣬
ǷӿֵЦʱʱɳ֮£ǿԽԽԶ
ʱǰһž޴ǣ֮뵱࣬ƯĻСǣȴԶԶˡ
ǣûЩİ
⣬һȦȦص͸һɽ֮
ǣһƬžһûκϢ
ĿɨȥʱǷͬǣ̻˫ð⣬ʱ
ۣôˣôСӣðڿˣ棡˷ܵĴ˫֣ת۰Ͱ͵֡
ȥ桭
Ŀɨɨûκδʿע⣬ǵһĿ
һ߼ǣϷֳ࣬˽ٸңʿҲв٣ֻǴڵһУڶʿࡣ
ΪߣΪʿڴĵصףȴһܶĸȻǳչصϹִڡ
ǵʿߴﵽ˵˥Ҳһ˶ѣˣ˵һ˥Ϊһˣ
ܶڣб֮棬⼸ȻǽűϢѹ˥٣ͼȹ
Ҫȥ޷һͬȥ档ջĿ⣬֪û˵ӡ
û°ԼȥͺãҪǸߣòڣҪţͬأǷһ
ֳĬƬ̣ǷӣĿͣ˵һҪȥô㻹ǸߣҴ󣬴ȥˡ
Ƿʹҡͷͷǣ¶˷֮ɫô˰һܺ棬ôСӡвʿҵܳΪѰĵطôҲŲطҪȥ
Ƿӵ飬ֿЦƬ̺ЩģϾͬͯǲ壬ᱻƭ
ԼƭҲͰˣȴȥƭӣԸԹӶж컯κ¶а˺
Уִһ˦̾һɽɫâֱǷӶȥ价ƺ󣬴ŴԶȥ
Ƿ̾ŭȼգͺǽвϵҲ֪ʩչʲôͨ˲ʹܳŭлŵ⣬ִ
̵ģҹܱҸ綼ܲңҪȥ棬һҪȥǱʦΣߺߣʦж٣㣬һ˸ˣȥˣĸҹң
ҷҪȥ棡ŭ֣һΪ׺ݵӡ
ĶŷӣԸϲҲһϲű֮ˣ˿Ƿӻ̧ǰһץʱѷ֣ڷɳâ
ǵһâڣȻһ˷ܵ˻
ȥˣ˵ʲôҲȥˣÿҪӵʱͰӳҪʱӻȥ˵ǽ飬ҲΪɷºͰ㲻ңǹâһֺһת̾ͿǷӡ
ǷҲһº󣬿
˿˰ʱֻӳĵڶâڣһͷ룬һСһܺǷϸؿ˼ۣʱɿȼǹâ߳
ǵңڼ䲻Ҫܵ˺ֻһȥ˵ԴǱһ
ĿǷɨתԶһȥΪпɵóԹɫ룬ûвϣӦÿް
ˣת֮¾ʧǿ֮Уֱܲȥ
ˮʦ֣ˣ
ߺǷ˴۵Сۣ֮󣬶˼ͬʱڡ
Сӣ߱ɶ
ĸ
һ㶣̾ŭȼգݺݵĶǷӣ˵˭Сӣеģ
ǷӹһЦָҪ˵ЩʲôûȿڣȴǱŶӴЦ˸ǷҪڵϴһ
еģС죬⽣˵ԼСӡЦˡôŶС죬ˣȥҰɡУ¶ãЦ㶵
Ŀ⿴ţգգۣǹŹ֣һʼնǷӵ룬ʹ˸ʵɫ
ɫأǰĿǷϲϵشڶԷϹ۲ܶ󣬿˵ͷ¶΢Цֻ΢ЦôЩζ
ӣ
Ǹӣû
ĿӴͬʱתЦеĿǷӡ


1546 ң
ֶһǿռۣǿһ·ȥ˿ռѷ죬Ҳδܿǿռѷһʱͱ޷ɰ˺
ģڻһƬ֮˸ǰУǿСһУ޾
û˷ӸţֵٶȣȻﵽ۷壬֮ؾܲв·̣˿ֵ£ͺɨǿգ
һ£һƬܼǴдʿ󷨣ֵĳ֣ûκ˷
Ǹоǿ΢Ĳƻصɢ
³ӺȻҲȺʿ֮Уϡ٣һЩϹ߸ǲ࣬һ³ܺɼ룬飬Ϊ䲼󷨡
ҲֻǸоǰһ˴Զ߹һɫʱһ
˸ոչȥϤϢ³ǰһ֮ҡҡͷ
Ϣ񡭡ֻǼʮȥһֱѶȫޣۻ˰ɡ³ɫЩû䡣
ǰУҲ³ӣʱȣûֱͣ˵ڶ
ڶ£Ȼ֮һƬտȻռѷһ̺һ㸡֡
ƺǰһδսսǼңʹǿйΪ˵شΧǿձռѷ˺ʹ鱻ָʶҲ︲ǡ
ټϴ˵ػһڵĲŤһǳ׵ķʶ̽룬ʹô˵أΪ˽ʶ֮գ
еѪ֮þòɢ֤ڵ꣬˵صĲңļǵã˽սʱδﵽ˹ִΧǿձĳ̶ȣ´˵صľ䣬ֻһ𰸣
ڤڵЩӣ֪ȥ˶֮꣬սֿ֪չ˼ΡǼ߲ʽ磬յ˵ӦѾҵƻ˲ŶԡֳĬٴһһûȷ£ȴкһתͷԶ
ֻԶǿգâۣǰһâڣȻһʿһߣɫ԰ףвϵѪɫȴҧС
üӡǵĽʿüӡǲͬһǻȸʿһˣȻǷ壡
ɫ͸һɲ֮⣬׷УǻȸʿЦ̧ǰһӣȻüбһɻ
ӣ㼸Īǻ˵֮زɣ֮ǰηȥһΣ㻹°ɣ
ͬ𺣷ǰȥߣȻӣ
¶ǰһͺ˫֮һģ̱ʮƬ½Ȼû崣ǻһ
һ죬Ű˷ɢУһѪӽ֮ǰĳȥ
ЩƬ½ǻȼգʱƬӼۡ
̫ǳḱʦԼ˴ݻսȫ̫ǳ֮أǷʿ֮ɫ׷ǰһָȻһǺʶһֻɵǻûֱӳɶȥ
̫ǳ֮ޣΪԲ˿̵Ϊͬһͬʱ׷ɱֵܼڣӶݵȻǿ
ٵɲǣ͵תҧѪʮƬϣɫ
ȴʮƬͬʱһɾ޴Ļֱ֮Ƕȥ֮ص˷ǷĲҽУȻ
ͬģҲӾɫҰףк
ޣǺɼӴûбӴ˳أҽڷûʧ٣ţ
¶֪ԼֻҪӳƬ򣬶Է㲻׷ϾûĽʶ֮պΧǿտسɴߣԷ׷Ҳй˼ɡ
ֻǣ˵ؾԵһ·̣ҧ֮£ƴȫ˺
ǱĳУǻȸʿʿ̤ԽԽ
ЦɼҲ˵ǿеķʲô˵ҲǽҶѣѾȴȥ˵ʧ٣ǻȸʿ¶֮ɫУһͷɫХ
һǱǻҪĻڶΣδսУ֣Ļɼӱʱֻ֣ǵһٳƺѣϷֻһޣǷʿԴǼǰʱֻұ̱дɫëֱӳ
ӺУɫȻЦһָǻȸʿЦЦôҷɱȸ棬̽ȡն֮ʮʿǰǰĲҽУ
ǻȸʿɱȸʹ
㣬壬Ϊҷ֮ūߣɼһղ£һղ
Ƿʿɫһ䣬ұëֱӣ˴ӣּ̧䣬ұۺȻûһ޴ͷ
ȥȪķȥɣɱĵͺ𴫳˲䣬ʿ͵һ˦ȴһǺУұֱ룬һǣֱӣ
ͬʱǻȸʿҲǵͺ£Ǿ޴ĺɫ˻гһȣ£źɫĻ棬ǾһͬԼٶȣӣ
һжɲǼ䷢ӲЦУȻӶݵͷ¶񣬸һɺ
Ϸ£ҲҪĺңЦв˷ȫȼҪȥȡһ˲ı֮
Ǻɫ֮ǾǴһײȷ磬Ȼٽǻȸʿʿ¶֮ɫõԷ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͻ𣬾Աڶ˵֮£ʶ֮ڣҲûκô
ʱȴǾͻ
һֻƽ֣֪ʱǳǰȥһץԱ͵һϵȼ֮Ϩ𣬽һԡ
ţһµӰȻɫٳֵɲǣ͵̧ͷ˫¶ɽ⣡
⾪춯أڳֵһɲǣͰǿӳգͬһɫ磡
ֵɲǣһʿͷƤ鼸ɢȻ
Ϥ˼еجΣǵΪʿǶĥ𲻵Ŀ־֮Դ
ӰɲǣǺȻΨһĽң
𣡣
𣡣޷ݵĿ־Ť֮˿оĴ֮ңëȻΨڿ־嵽Ҫĳ̶Ⱥ󣬲ſԴ˿з
֣һ𾪵͸ľϲãȻУŵӣ
ңˡ


1547 ʮı仯
Ϣ֮У̫ǳȸʿɫֱӾһƬɷף󼲳ۣ֪ԼܲӹΨһͷӣ
Ī˵ǻȸǰҲû˿ķ֮˿̽˫Ŀڱ¶ǿգƬǿռѷ죬һɨ
ǻȸʿ˺˰벽ȫ̱Ĳҽ֮Уɲ֮䣬˵һоɢԪû˿ĵֱֿ֮ӱ
֮ǰʩչ׼ҪӵǺɫ޴񣬴˿Ҳǽ£¶־壬飬˿ֺ̾ˣͬģǽ£Ĩȥһдڣ
ǷʿӲͬǰһȫһƬȡϡǽģӰ
Ӱ⼸ʮʣôҲǷȱڴֳһѾ޸һֹ֮ʿȥֹʿ룬ڵһ֡

һ𵱵޲벽
һֱ֮֮Ӿͻʿһ񻹴ڵǾ칵֣
ÿһ·ǹ֣ǲ˵꣬Լվǹ֮صԱߣڶԷһնµɲǣߵĴͬȫΨҴһĨɢȥجΣ̶ֻˡ
գٴοµӰ޷ݵĿ־֮£ʿ־嵽˼Уˣ
Ƿ񣬲Ƿ񲣬Ǿ裡˺ŤĲЦУʿȻ˺ƤڻԪһдڣɲǼ価ɢһգ
һֻգۣ˵ɱСͬϣתͷɫӡ
սָӸʹʮλӣμ𣡡ɫ£˫һ˦ֱӱȭһݡ
𣬽ڰˡ߲ʽ磬ǰµķأʧٺ󣬺ɼǰ˷ȫѰңհܲڣһֻҵ崦
ֻǣû뵽崦߲ʽ֮ƣ򿪵һɲǣӿֳ˴ĽʿڶսͻȻչˡ
崦߲ʽ磬ȻΪڵͨʿȫռݣ߲ʽΪֱɱڡ˲ء
ɼǰڶδսУַͯӡٺ߲ʽڣʿѹҷս̨֮ϵģһ߷
ǰ˱չأʱδκγصļ󣡡
ǵڶսĴΣ֮ʱɵ߳磬ʿƴһսٺλӣˣ޷ֹٽ
ǽ֮ԶԶҽڣɵʩչԶٻԶ֮⣬ɱ߲֮࣬ʽӣʹýڽʱ޷ͨУǿ˵ڶս
ڵЩ̫ǳʿֳţ崦߲ʽڣͬҽڵӣ޷γ
ս˶ݵƽϢԶ֮ڣ̫ǳҪƿһЩʱ䣬ҽλ֮ټвдʿչ˵սһսĿģҪ崦߲ʽ硭
գֻȥ˫̫࣬ˣҽͬˣɵˣٺӴˣ߸ǲòչˡ
񣬱ǵսȥĵھ꣬պɼǰļ㣬ò˶ãԶ֮ͻᱻƿʱʿٴ٣ʣ߲ʽͬʱڣΣӣ
ټ죬ҴҾͰЩһ˵ڵδսˣΪʼûлظĻҲᱻʿ׷ɱӶݡ
񼤶֮˵ЩһѪɫΪȴƱȻ֮ʡ
𣡣Σӣ߲ʽûУƺһѱƿʧٺǷֵ崦һĴȫٺӣ
һڶսʱٺӱݡʱգٺȻ޷ҽգΪ˽֮֮̾أٺʣµǴ߲ʽΪ䣬Űٺ֮ޣ
ƺ֮սҽƿأƽ٣ȴٺƣ߲ܲʽ磬ʹƱһ㣬ҽЩ̫ǳ֮ޣͬʱգ
ɼǰҪµ߲ʽ磬ĵĴδսʱ߲ʽ磬ʹýͬʱսֻǣ˼ҳ˶ΣҽȻȥ𡭡˶ڱչء
ֳĬ¶⣬û뵽ڤ޵Щӣһ磬֮ս£
ٺݡܲʿռݡɱһ
ΪλĿɱ£ǽɫ֮ʶ͸ĿУһǽ⣬ַΪϣԷһĴͿ֣֮껹Ҫǿ
˵ҡҲŷ²һ֣Ȼһʱ˵أЩˡ
ϻкɼӷҪʱ̶Ŵ˵߲ʽһб仯ʱϱɫȥֵ˫ۣǽɫɵòη塣
ֳĬ̧һӣʱһ˸ڣȫһ϶ʱ麹ڳ֮£˫ȴԽ
Ƭ̼䣬ʹĵͺڳĺˮһƬڣ͸ȳϵϢȴǴ֮ǰĻɢ̾ҪͻƵļ
˲Ϣ˫һͷ׷Ȼڣ˴߾ֱӻ꣬¶޷֮ɫĵͷԼ壬ɫΪ
⡭⡭лл𣡣¶ȣһݡĸܵԼǽ룬̥һǽ̺һϢĸıһУ
֪Ϊȴ³˹Ȼ
һУٴ˽磡תǿܲĽ֮ռݵ߲ʲ䣬һȥ
һ仰͸һţһɾģӶУһ˵ģֻҪһȥ߲ܲʽգҲֹԷŲٶҲ޷ܶԷĽ٣
ɱһݺݵص˵ͷѹеļֵнɢıӰϡ䣬һֶԷһĸо
ǽ⣬ηһҪĤݵĳ嶯
߲ܲʽڣ̫ǳḱʦҲǴܣΪǿڣܲڣеĴ󷨣ҲûΪ˽߹Ӹֺ棬ڡ
ްƽоܲԽԽ


1548 
ƽ֣ӿֵĿ⣬ǹ
ɫƽ¶ϲŭΨ˫۵ĺһƿɱǰǿգУ߳һ
һ£ǿŤռѷȻ䣬ֱӣԽ޾룬˵˵֮ܲ⣡
ֵǰһ޴Ϣתÿһתƶһɹǿڵ֮սС
ǰƬ޴У׷֮ɫһڵ˵޷룬˵ûʸ֮ء
ǵȸʿʱ۷壬˵ܲ
ˣİǿĳ̶Ⱥɨ飡֮սˮǰȥ֪ʲôıʣ˱ķ֮£ܲڲʩչ˷
̤ܲ˵ΨԼſĻ
ˮʦ֣Ҫşְ̌̾ʼûаͣ٣һֱתľ޴УȻָȥ
һָ֮£нָ˸Ȼ仯һɽâɳ֮ϣǽµɲǣһʱĻص
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Ϊ˳ϣ֪˷ĵһӡҲԳ֮Ϊһţ
˷ӡУϹţ֮ڵɽڻãټϺ˲ϵز֮Ϊ˼ǿĽ󷨣
ֻҪһתֹͣʱ޿̶ǿг֮ڣʹôԽǿ
ʮǰһս˵ֿǰ߲ʽ磬˵صȻв٣Щʿ֮£³һٺӵĴͬʱ֣ҲûаֹͣתһЩѡ
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ʲôΪӺȻֵıӰһƬհס
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˭ƽ磡
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ô꣬ƽ磬ϷҪ˼ˣ
Щ˳֮һ¶ײ֮ɫĿиģһѪѾͣЪ˺ܾãǹɱ˵ĳ嶯ѹ˶꣬գڿ˸ƽ磬ɵ˷
ɲǣǧʿĳ֮ڣһ𣬺ǿա
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ףˡˡЩɱڶǧʿԭһײУ˲䣬ǿĮ֮ȴ̾һ֮£ɫȻ䣡ײ˷Ȼһ޷ľֳȡ
ǡǡ𣡣
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ǵɫ˾ֵ֣Ӱ˵ǻɢȥجΣЩʿǵĵ˿֣̿ǿ־ĸоʱ֣

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֮¼̫ڿֵһɲǣֱӾͼɫзһУľҪ˺
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ԶԶȥֵǰУ˺ٶȸ죬ֳΪһδٽνͿɱһ赲֮
ɰԲΣֹͣתֱӾͺȻ׵ķֿ˺ѵʿڲҽУǱвֱӱѪɣ
ǰУֱӾ̤뵽˺֮ڣҽ̧·ݺݵһ̤
һǿȻ𶯣֮鿪ȴֽµǿգһϸܵѷֱӾͳ֣һ㣬ڳֵ˲䣬ֱӱƬŰ˷ȥ
ǿһ̧̱ǰһ˦̽һɽɫ籩籩ХɨƹһǿգʹͬһŻĻ㣬ֱƿ
ǧʿɫ籩£һûκη֮
ǿջĻƿǿһ¶ﱻܲ
һž޴ǣܣСǻƣѪ·һۿȥǾ޴£Ȼһѷ죬Ѫ⣬Ǵѷڴ
ӸһУɫ¶ޣĿĶмľ޴ǣǰһָ̳ڣӣ
ͬʱһɱȴܵĴϣһʿٳת֮£ʿǵһ㣬ǵĳ֣ǿֵòɱȻһ٣˵ɫ˲Ϣʹ
ϳ֣
ʿĿۣţһֺȴ̾ͻƽգǰһУ˵Ͳʲô
𣿡һЦǾ޴ڴһƬƾճֱ֣֮һ֮ڣȻһ۵ߣһ֣ʿһһ
ʦæڡ
ĮĿ⣬Ǻϣǰһȥһ˲䣬Ǻ߳Ц˫֮£̱޾֮Ȼ
ΣҿϷȥɱɱϷλ̫ǳһǺЦͬһһ˦ߵۣȻͻɵọ̈̄жǺ䣬ֱӳ
һɿܶеͽ֮ȻصſĴУȻԿڴ磬ͽǺϥ׳ŨŨ֮ʹȻΪ֮
˵ɱﵣ̫ǳҲպյĴ֮ͨǱһ֮أðĪΣץޣ
ĤԼΪף


1549 £˭Ե
ʦʵϴ˿Ϊأֵĳ֣ĺպ֮˵ûۿ⼸ʮȴ׹
뵽ǻȸ汻Էһأʦͫ˵ҲˣǻȸϾֻǿڣδʦ
оľģǵگˣگΪ൱ȴС
֣Ŀܲʼתбһָͣٵͬʱ˺ѿ
һĻͷƤһ顣
˿ȴǲòȥ˵Ļһ¶⣬򱾾ͱԷֺʿ̾ͻı
˵ǽ˷飬ΪɱگͣУ˺ѿҲֻ˵ڽ˽ڶ࣬ϷͲţûǿ츫ܽϷΣʦ˵߲ʽ֮ƶ˿Уһ˦ֻǵ䣬ֱֺȥ
ʿһţֵĳ̫ͻȻȥ̬ͱĿ־ȫ˿˿᲻κηſĳ嶯
֣ǵļ̫̣һֲսʤһַһǺµĺҫ
ڵһս֮ǰ̫ǳɱУλеһо󲿷̫ǳʿмһˣŵǵһս֮ûκˣԴɣ
֣Щ̫ǳ֮ޣΪɵжд̣ʹʹ
죬ֱֶδٽпХһͷǽ
ܵǿգ·Ҫһ㣬УֱӾͳ˴Ŀռѡ
󣬴˿ͫȫëĲĿڣ̺һɼΪֲ
ԱǿգֻҪһ˿ԼϣԼɲǼͻ˺Ԫ߽ܣ³٣Ҳɫ伱ˣвͻˣ
磬ȴӺȻ֮ģǰ֣ɫ糣ûа仯趯Ѱ֮紵û°㼣
俴֮磬Ҳһѡ
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֮£ڱУˮҪģһֱ˾ϡ
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½ĺУѪ֮£Ȼ̾һǱֵֵͷĤ
ʿǱ֮ޣһӾҵĲ¶Ŀ־뾴ηǸܣ˿Ƿ֣һǷһĴ
һεϣǽڷйʿ̳ܲסһѪ˫ϥһһɴϣҪǲĤݣôͻ
ѪУͨһ
һͬģȻߴĽʿźȻ𺳣һһѪ¡һǵһʿһɲǾһ˻վ׷׹£
ֵϣ˿һɸ߹˼µѪ֮ɸ߹У֮ޣҪĤݣ
ֻҪʿ޷ȥֿǹǴľηһ̣Ȼ˽ڽ֣֮УֻʣǱ߸ͬʵ֣
޹򣬺ݣ£˭Ե
ɫƽһȥ
ʶŸѵ촽һƬհףһУĻ棬š
ʦڿһɲǣ˫̾¶һľ֣޷Լļһǽ⣬ʲô͵һɫ֮·˺
һ̣ʲôڽ֮սʲô裬ʲôȫһԣǿ־ļУٺˣ¶ĺȻ֮ɫŨ졣
ⲻܣ⡭⡭ǡ
ӰݣһʦÿһУһ֮£ٽǷ˺ʦǰɣ̧ȭǰ͵һӡ
죬һɽɫ֮ɢ£Ȼͻһ޴Ľɫȭͷ֮УԼٶƿǿգֱӾʦǰ
һ죬ʦѪһ֮£ֱķѣӵ֮Уڷɳ𣬻Ҫ۳һ
һȭִ֮һ˦ĿɫȻ֣Ŀк¡ֱǰǿգܲǿգʱн׺ȴǽɫֱӽ٣һ𶯰˷ľ£ȻʦԪ֮ϡ
֮ص£ʦ޾֮꣬ĲҽУǽ£
ףףʦһԪ¶޷ݵľ֣Ԫ֮вһеĺˡ
ˣˣʦɢзһеֿ֮ҵֿҳ֣ץʱĽ⣬ˣʱһַĸоʱֵǽ֮ˣǿһۣʮ꣡
־ʹų֮Ҫûᣬ̧ź˵һָĿɫȼգĿֱйһƬɫ𺣣ֱӺɨȥ˲Ϣͽʦ¯ûһ䣬ɢ
Ԫ񣬱ߡ
ֽŲ£ʼգһδɾɱ׵ľٶȴǽУϢ͸һ仰
£˭Ե


1550 
վǿգǽʿĹУֿǾ޴ǣɫƽĿħ˸ų֮Ȼȴǿһѹѹ˿κζߡ
ѹų֮ͬʱǾ޴ǣĿ¶˼нƣܲ⣬ڶţ
ƼΪǼʮСΪ󷨣˴˻ۣʹôͬʿһȻУ
ǰδһɵĿһ
ǣ˼ӣ㵱껹˳֮ʱ˵йش֮£
Ӵ֮ǰѹɫΪæȭţ޴ǲȻǱԴǼ°빦
ڵʩ£ǲ֪ʩչʲôͨΪ˵ڶ󷨣ǿĳ̶ȣ˵Сֻ꺱˿ԽʶҲûۿ֮
˵꣬ʲôٴοڵӣǵ̫ϳϣҲ֮ʦ˵Ѿ
δءĿ磬Ǿ޴ǣڣܵĵϢϢȻΪţ
һϢ˯һ㡭
ܹµǽʿһӲ񱻿־ǵȻԼȫǲòİ·С
Ҳ̾в¶η֮Ҳʡ
ջؿǾ޴ǵĿ⣬ѹų֮ͬʱ̧һץһ𣬲ıץ֡
һ£ʱһĺһһץ˺ϡ
ǺߣŤӣб־帲ǣ˫Ŀ͸⣬Ŀ߱˴͸֮ĿУǧ֮꣬ȻǽʿлмˣЩ졣
кһֺݺһ󣬺һҽ֮Ťһɽ˸ڣһת֮£ǧµĽʿ֮꣬壬ɢֻ̤֮ء
һ˦֮УְӸӡ
ǵҵһμ棬ԣԵôˡж˵ڱףƾЩлԵ˵ɳΪܣ
һɫ¶ļ̾ץǱַӡĺ쾹֪˵Щʲô븴һݣ
ǵ˵ĵһμ棬ǾԵ˱һϷԣһҲû뵽ǵϷԣ񣬳Ϊ
깫һӣΪ깫ɻɨһǽʿЩˣĿȻˡ
˫ֲǺϹ֣Ѱ֮޿ɱȣ˿ѹļ˵깫ǵôˣ졣
¶һ˿׷䣬깫һĻĻͷΪԷ깫ȴԼΪÿÿ𣬶¶΢Ц
깫оɣصչһ̧ٴһģڶץסӡɢڽʿ֮Ӹӡ
͸깫͸һ˵ֵ컯
һ㶣ЩĽæǣǵڶ
ɫĿǵϣкһڡ
ҵĻȥɴ˵ޣƿҿɷһ·Ǻһ͵̧ͷתһ޴һ˦֮£ֱĽʿȥ
Ĳҽ֮ǿڲϵػصҵҲƤһǽʿЩ֮һǵǺǰ
һĻڿοͬʱҲֵĺݣ˸Ũľη
Ǻǰʿڿ־УֻһǼͺ죬ǰʱ䣬ǽʿһ
ȫɣΪ֮꣬ͬʱʿѪʹɫ͸⣡
һ̣䶯УٴһЩͷǺĶҲٳһ硣
֮£ͬһɵľ޴һ֮£Ǿ޴Ƕȥ
ٶ֮죬Ȼ˲ӰɲǼȻٽ֮춯£ֱӾײǾ޴ϡ
¡¡ľ촫˷ȴǾ޴һ֮£ܵСǣĳǣȻֱӳ
֮ǿգǺĳײУһɻγܷɢǺһ𣬵˳Զ
Ǿ޴ͬ£ϳ˴ѷ칵֣
ƽվų֮ȻٴѹǾ޴ǣֻѷ칵ֳֵɲǣ֮ǰ˯ĵĹϢȻѣ
ѣ޴ǷһСǷֳб˴У໥֮һĹӣ֮£Ǿ޴ԡ
Ǿ޴ϣһɰɫĹâǰɫĹâڣĻûһ׷ߡ
׷ãֱ˴ˣǴ֮һ
ߣɢ𣡡һŲɣĻڴǿɢֻУڡ
ӣڿǰ׷ߵɲǣ˫͵صʧڡ
ԶԶȥܲǼΪˣǾ޴ǣͬһû˫ȵеСǣ˫ۣ
ӣİâڻûߣͬͷ­
ﻹʲôǣһˣ
ôԪһͬռȵһں֮Լĳ̶ֳȳΪŲ֮꣡ͿǵĹŹ֣ԲǺ̽˿̿һУ˫Ŀһ̾ĲµУ
֮ʦӣ궨ȻԪϾ֮ʱֶ컯ľ뷨İ뷨棡
κһϹ֣ӣַ֮ˣӵдǻۣõߣǴ˿̵жԣҲȻ˾塣
һУǹ֮˿̿һ㿴˶ߣɫ¶𾪡
ҵҲֻǼһΣΪȻû뵽û뵽
Ŀһ̧ǰһָ֮ǰĺٴĳɵӺХ䣬ٴγǣ
ٽ˲䣬ſ͵һ磬ȴ󿪣֮֮꣬¼ٳ˷ͬһ㣬ֱǣ
һɲǣȴǾͻһȻ֮͸һ񣬸һ޷ݵľɷ
ɷΨһɱ¾޾֮ŻӵУɱ¾Ȼɱ¾Դ
ϤǳϤ䴫һɲǣֵɫһαˣһɼӿֶ
ˮʦ֣
ϲˮϲҲϲĹ£Ҹ裬һɱɾ
Լǰдˮʱ򣬾һʴйĹ£Ѿдڴֻм֣ȴддţΪ䱯ˡ
дС˵ƫִҲд·˼ף·ң뾡ĿܣдһѪˣǣǡ
ϲˮϣҲϲ


1551 ɽͼ
ض
ˮ֮·Ҳ޷֮䣡
飡
鲢ǶŮ˽飬ˮֻһΪʦܣͨɽһС֮ʱվǰ赲꣡
ˮʦܣұ㲻κ㣡һ仰ůǧꡣ
̶ֲֻߣʵ޷ȥȳˮУ˾ϣһ˿ܣҲҪȥˣȥȳʦ֣
ڰ׷İҲϿʦˮǴͬʦ֣һӵġʦ֣
ˮһǱģһ֡Уеȫ֮ʱɱձ׷ӡʦ»ǣܷӡɻ
ȴˮ֮ĸʹѣ˵һУˣȻˡ
裡Ϊˮڱ׷ɱб˾˼ĳɱ¾صˮ
һҹˮѪɺӣʿ
ñǿȴõɢһƳɱɱһɱ죬ɱɱɱɱ֮У̤ɽ磡
ɽڣһڱɱ¾֮еʦǸıһɱ¾֮ģůһŮӡ
ΪŮӣɱ¾һУճΪɽ磬ˮɾ
Ϊҵ뿪ԼĿ֣ǶӣҲȷֻ֣ܿһУĪķ񲣬ȫɢͬˮ֮£Ĳһ
ɱӣŨŨѪϣǹ̵ѪˮӲӷѣѵһɲǣڿҪָ̧ݵһ˲䣬ֻʧȥ£ˮĿУһ𣡣
Ӵ֮޿֡
һڴһ򶨺Ȼһ̣򶨣¶ˮû
˷񣬾ɱ¾ȴǴЦЦĺܿģܿģ֪ˮû
ֻҪû־һзˮʦ֣»ָǣ
ڳǵһɲǣˮȻһܵзɱ¾ܵڵŨŨɱ¾Դ
ִЦǰһȥ̧һץǺ͵һ˦
ˣɱ˽һˣҲὫ꣡
ǺһĿ¶ٺĿϲ󼲳жֵͷһֱǿնȥת֮ʧӰ
Ӱڽ˸ɹâһ֮¾ٽһǣٽɲǣɴСɵұۺХһɴ̺ڣֱӾͳ֡
֪ˮ֮Ȼûģѹų֮ұٵɲǣȫһȻڣü߿Žɫǵ㼱ת֮£̧ȭǾ޴ұ͵һȭȥ
صУǾ޴ұۣ֮ºȻʯŰ˷ۡ
һ٣ܿͻָ糣ǰٴһȥʱǵۼٶһɾ̾Х
˫۽һ͵ؿȥʱһɫһƬɫУͬһֱӾһ
һ۶ʱ˴ѷ죬ɫѷڣһɢֱں±
ûκִֹ˿̵ĽŲֹȥˮľģУֵ£ֱӾǾ޴Ͽա
ʱİâڣǲɣ˫¶֮â̧˫֣ǰһӡ˫ֺʮ͵һ
ӡֵһɲǣǺһȴǴ䶯ɽУȴ޴ɽӵص׺ԶԶһɽֱ͹໥֮
ӣ֦ͬˣм仹һƬĻȥͬһűչĻᣡ
ɽͼˣ߿дɣֵһɲǣʱϣɽ֮䣬ȻĳһƬ续ĻŤƣ
ԶԶȥȻһĻ
ŻĻĳ֣Ǻ𶯣ǲŤڣûһƬƬɽˮ֮īл꣬˿̴ɽͼǿգȻ䣬ΪһǿϣһԼʮɴСǿյľ޴ûᣡ
ǻչԽɽˮճһĻĻ׳ɽӣ
ɽͼ̰ǵһ編ϱɽͼӡգֿɽɽͼ
ʱһ룬෨ԹȻ٣վǿգܵɽͼڣһĪ
ڣܵһɽͼеͽڣɽͼԳһ磬˱Ī⣬֪
˿ɽͼչܼӣһɾ޴ںֱ֣־һ˲䣬ڤһĸоǿˮһתҪɽͼա
һ֮һ֮£޾¼š
˫۽˸ָ̧ӭգһ֮£Ȼǿɽͼ£ƻصк֮ƴԶȻ䣬һ޴ӡɽͼϷ
ӡָƼΪܸвΪ˵ģӡͨɢɽ⣬һŨŨȻƬǿ֮У
֮Ũ춯أԶԶس֮ǰʩչɻ𣡵һּΪµĳ̶ȡ
ӡ
֮Ѫʩչڵӡ
Ԫһ壬תѪұƣʹǿջûӡŨ
˳̶ȵͻȻڣ飬ͷһˮеһιͣ͸һˮУ̺Ȼը
ǽĴ䵮ʼּΪͼδ˴Χĳֹǳ֣Ҳûľ
ӡֵһɲǣɾڣһˣ˵޷ţ
ٺڣѾݳΪ˽֮أٺӱһüûӡǵ꣬ɢɫһһߡ
ʦ˵ĵطôôҡӦþɻҲڡֹУͻȻ͵һֱת˫¶ں󣬴δйľ⣬ɫǺȻ䣬ֱ仯һ˾ҵĳ֣
⡭ǡ֮ʦ޷Ƚϣǻ֮ɣ˭˭ˣģֵطôܻл֮ɽ٣ҵģ
ͬ𾪵ģصսϹǸ߸ϷӡĽԶ򡭡


1552 ˵ʲô
ڣɽ磬˿ȻһƬкžûκĺۼ
ڣʱһܵѷϢ˸Ƶİڱ紵ɨһ㡣
ӣȡ˾󲿷ɽ½˿ʣµĴһЩʯƯƵڣƶš
кһɽһԲεĹȦ֣ǹȦԼǧɴСԶԶȥͬһ
ڣԿһéݣֲЩݣéϥһߣûɣһҶڹ۲Ҷϵ硣
ߣȻƺһսУֵľǿߣսϹ
û֪սϹڽʲôط˿뵽ɽڣȻǬ
սϹҶ۲УͻȻɫһ͵̧ͷԶ˫оһϸȴǿһľڣȻһ˿΢ɲĽɫ
ֻɫʵ̫٣΢
ɣսϹ˫ĿͫһҶֱӱһƬĩԶȥ
սϹݣվӣ˫۹â˸£ҪƿؿԶȥѰݵĸԴ
ĿԿ͸أԿ͸ڽ⣬˿̣޷ҵ֮ˣ
Īǻ֮ɣսϹɫ¶𾪣òƽ֪ˣѪ߹Ҳ֮ѪĴڣʹֻܸӦȴ޷ҵ֮أ
һּΪͨѪͨ
ѪԽǾˣԽǺѱҵֵľλãҲ类ڸһ޷֪
ʶٺӵ꣬Ż˽٣Ϊ֮ܲ£ֻиӦڽڣɾѡ
˾ƷΪأ⽵֮ɣӦѪ߹֮ΪȴǲߣƷ˵ӡҵ컯˴УΪսٳڣ൱ڵɣܻôѪսϹ˫һĬ
УһطһƬĴأһƬ谵ȴڽڣͬҲڡ
׼ȷ˵һصȴϵ硣
ͬǻвػһ㣬˺˵һ㻭Ļ󣬲ſԿǬ
Ĺ񡢹ħڴһ޼ʣ˵أڵɽ֮ʱҲٺǸ֮꣬ء
ǽڴ˵֮УʧǿеԶ򡭡
ĹԼ֮£չ޴Ĺ񣬴˵֮ߡ
üûǵ㣬ǵ㱻һİȥԶԶһüһӡ
ǿڣȻϥһȫֽӰ
񣬾ˡ
þܻãɼӿѻָ䣡ǵһüڵĽɫӰૣ̧Ҫüĵָһ̴̧ڱһ֮Ȼüģһķӡ
ǽɫӰӡһʱأڴһŭ
׻ĪҪ˷ӡЩ꣬ò˶ãǶԳԱߵڶüڣͬڵһɫӰ
ȸıԣǼƻɹĿж٣ڣһɭ
ʧܣҺܿͻῴ
޴ĵ񣬺ȻӡģԶĴս׻ȸ䣡
ڴˣһĻ󣬶Ȼһһͷȸսﱻӡô̫ǳ֮ڣԳΪһȸ֮ˣ˭
ܲڣָ̧գǾ޴ӡ֣ǰǾ޴ɽͼֱһ¡
ɫƽȴأӸոʱΪǴڿ֮ʶܱƿֱֻۡ
£ɽͼĳ֣ΪһӣһɿڵľǿϢ
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ǵܣӵһֲ⣬ԷȻ֮ʦһĴɽδʱʹڣϴͬһʱ֮ˡ
ĴɽûбǰĴɽ籾ǲ֮ӶǸʱ򣬻˼컯
֪ܲΪʲôѵԵʣѡںϣʵȻǿ
ڡֳĬнһɱʦƼ򵥣ʵȴǲų֮ȫһȭһ硢һƬ֮£ŽԷջꡣ
ȻļˣҺأų֮ȫѹƣھ֮£Ҫʹ˿㣬ȴܡ
˿ԿڣָûκΰգʶƴһУʩչӡ
ӡʩչֵڶβų֮ȻȫѪһų֮ڸŰµƤУȻ˴ɫѪܣ䶯֮£Ѫ˿͸
һУȻںˣ˵ĿģΪ˾ˮҪϧһУ
ɫ͸ǰһȥ̧֮£һͺУֱӺһ䣬Ǿ޴ӡ޾ȻΪ
죬ӡ޴ƣܱԵдĲƻصɽͼԽԽԶԶȥһĻΪˡ
Ҫ˺ǰɽͼɲǾٽµ˲䣬Χ޾ɽͼͼһ֮£ЩŤ
ⲨŤ˲ϢǾ޴ӡɽͼ
죬޴Ȼض𣬻һɾ޴ĳܷľһ֮£Ѫӵŵŵźڵų֮ٱ
Ԫһ壬ڷĹ֮ͬҪ壡
ĳײֺУȫ˺ѵҪֳһ㡣
ٿӡڳɢͬʱӲץɽͼϣһ˺֮£ɽͼĻĻ˺һǣ뻭Ļڣ֮ص£ڵĴƬɽӣͳͳ飡
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صǿУǾ޴ϰâڵߣȫƣȻһαľȻ˿۷Ŀֲ
ߣɢ𣡡ǲɣɽͼȻָԭ˺֮ϣչֻ֮ѹ
ŭЦĶǰâڵߣ̧ǰһӣȻڣһѹ
кã̫ǳ֣ڲƣƺʿڶ࣬ٺݣ첻ϧһȴΪ߹˱֮ռݳΪ䣡߲ʽعڴˣ
Ϊǰ߲ʽ磬ʦˮɱ֮ޣƾʲôң
㡭˵ʲôǲɣһ١


1553 
ǰâڵߣԭƽգһ˻Ļ˱仯̧ͷɣĿ⿴֡
Ƿ𣿡
ŹǹԭϿѪںϺȴ»ָָֻĹңһȴ֮ͬ
˿ȻȥǺ˵䱾ȴûκθı䣬ıԣһ֮£;ҪˮϧһУ
һץң沿𣬵ͺ֮͵һ˵һǹҺȻһ
һֶʱ͸ܵȫ֮Ʊĸоɫв԰ף˫ȴǱѪ˿
һ̣ʲôų֮ʲôԺΨһ뷨ɱһ赲ˮ֮ˣ
֮ǰ˵Ǽ٣ȥͽܣ֪лǹٴһЩϴһĪ֮Աء
ǰâڵصĿһ֮Ŀн¶ãӵ˯󣬵һѣһεѣͽٻ֪֮ǰ֮£ģֻǶ
ֵĻ𶯣ܳ˯ȻǵԼǽ֮ޣǵõ֮
ĬУߵͷµľ޴ǣ̧·һӣʱӰһƬâֱ֣Ӵڱץ
ӰɫֵߣһˣȻӣֻɵ֪꣬ΪγΪߡ
ԱߵˣĴϣ
Ӳڰâɫηȡ̹£ڣμ̫ϳϡ
ʦ𡣡ţ˿̿־ֵĻȫȻľӷɿת׼˵ǡ
ʦ鲻С˵ǡ̧ͷ֮£Ҫ͡
ȴɨһۣһ֮£ӵĻʱȥоٿڡ
ϦɡϷ˯ʱͯӡĿ¶Ǹϡ
ңϦ¶û뵽ԷܼǵԼ
ң˷˵Ǽ٣ƽȴ͸һϡ
Ϧ¶ԥ־ʶĿһۡ
ûõķһֱ̧ǰһӣһɰâֱ߶ȥҽ֮УȫȻѪĽһ
һĻŵĹңٴοһЩ
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ӣôĵӣһ֮£ȫı͵תͷĶӣĿ¶ŭ⡣
ɫ԰ףʶ˺󼸲ڿ־֮ͨһڵϣȻŤڡ
ʦʦ飬ǽ̫ǳ֮޴֣ڸͲǵĵ֣ӾǷҲûκô
ҪػˣΪȥѲźͽЭ顭ǽⳤѾŵ
ʦ˯Щ겢֪ǧǰһսսķѣֻܲʦ𣬿ʦδӦ
Ӷڽûκθ飬ǼȻˣƾʲô˾Ͳȥ֮ޣ
߲ʽҲǵʦ㷢֣ʱн֮޳֣˵ʦնɱ߲ʽӡڴ˵ؽܲΪľѹ˽磬ʦ𰡣˯Щ꣬Ͳ֪Щı仯
Ϊѹ˽磬кã֮ǿʦҲ֣ʲôֿ
ڰǶ޷찡ʦ˼ҵΪͶ⣬ȻԻ컯οΪµ
㣡ӣʹϧûд߼ҵ̫飬һֻһӰˣӲ֪־֮£˵˳
֮£ɱҲ޹أֻҪûɱϷ㲻ѣ˵˥⣬Ϸ˵ĿģΪ˿飬ΪǲпĻ£ʿΪΪģһսӳ̾һ
ˣˡǽ֮㹴ᣬΪϷǣΪ㶨˵ϷĴڣϷΪʱȥȡ컯
̫˽Լˣɫ԰׵ӣϡ˵껹ûʱһϵɽϣһؤͯӣżľģһɽ壬ʮʱ䣬ѪУɽԼ
һУֻΪͯҪɣĹһţֻҪϴɽԵͿɿˡ
ζ˵ԸǿԸ硭Ŀ¶׷䣬
飬УȴӲ
ʦ𣬵ԭҲûƿ߲ʽķӡǵˮɾɱŵƿ߲ʽӡ򿪵߲ʽ磡һ޹أף
˫Ŀһӡӣ¶ޣҲ˼١
ӷûЩӵĿ⣬Խ
㵱岻ã޷ɣΪʦ㣬ΪӣΪȡ壬ӵеǡ㣬ȴûһŵġӵУһĻĻ両֣̾һ̧һ˦һɰɫķ籩
ɫ䣬ĺˣдļС
ʦʦҪɱңʦ𰡣Ӵˣ֪ˣʦ𣡣ȻǷ籩ٵɲǣЦвںˣǱ˫ۡ
һ籩Уȴδ㣬һ֮£󣬱ܿڤڤУ֮֡
㷸֮˻ˣûΪʿĵġҵĵӡ֮Ρ֮Ϊʦ㳥ɡ͵Ŀ⣬Ȼӣתһݡ
һ飬ӣܣ̧֣Լؿ͵һģȻ䣬һԪ֮ɫУµǾ޴ǣȻһƬɫ֮УľԿݣɽ̮һǣֱķѣ
УһȫڣһɲǣһɻõȻȼա
һƣϷϾȡԪȼģҵΪԱڵʵȥɱڴڵнʿȥ˵߲ʽ磬ٺӼݣұ㽫ջأԴˣȡֱ֮ȭתͷĿͣӡ
ʦ𣡣ѹڵϲϵؿͷ¶ıˣŨŨĻ⡭
߰ɡ̾ӣԶȥ
˽ҵͽ»ȫ׼ˮɾ֮ްΪ˻ΪԼµĻ
仰Уһɰɫķ籩ƾճֱ֣ǱһѪɫѷ죬Уѷ챻Ƿ籩һֱӴΧ˺ѿɢ¶߲֮â
ˮ


1554 
ӣ֮£ӵŶʦĻ뱯ˣʱͷӵĿһӡ
ǿ޷磬з磬Ҳͨ£˿ǰķ籩˺ѷڵĺâһзӡʹ߲ʽ磬չ¶ǰ
߲֮â˸һŷѷȻͬҰһ͸һѪɱ¾
һַƽĬĬ߲ѷ죬֮ͷһӡ
ӵĿ⣬ʼԶӶȥķ͸ĳޣŨ
ֲ֪֮ӵƴһշ˵Ĵսɴ˿ɼ˳纣
£޷㡭ְ̾һ֪޵˷
ӳĬ֮ջĿ⣬ֱȭһݣ֮˽£Ҫϣ´Ϊأ֪˷սʱһɢսҲˡ
Ҷ˶ûȥǱ֮գĿеĳޣ޵꣬ţҲںһЩʱա
ԶҲǲˣһĻĻӱѣҲ룬Ż¶ˣһͬ뵽ˡ
ʱ۵ӵĲϧӶҲǼΪ֮ˮһȴµţŨơ
ֻǣһȴһ׸ı䣬ʱڴоѣؿڼеһĻ棬ܻݺݵսȭͷŭߵ˼޵ĵͺ
ȥ䣬ȴΪдʹĸԴǸеĴ̣Ȼã˸ζȾѪ⣬Ϊһʹ
ְ̾ҡͷˣ֮Ҳ컯һҪ߲ʽ磬Σ࣬ĪҪˡ
ӵͷһݸǣתԶȥıӰЩû䣬͸һɲΣɪ̺˹¶
ֱӽԶȥջĿ⣬ӵĳԹȻ漰˽ֲȥ£ҲԸȥ¡
ǹ¾֮ܳУһˣĵˮߣɻбĸоʼմģڸеůȫ
ĬУת߲ʽȥ죬ÿһܼᶨûлͷҲûԥ֮£̤һĵڶ߲ʽ磡
߲֮âѵһȫӳ߲֮Уһۿȥ˵Ѥˣױʧڡ
߲ʣ磡
վ߲ʽգַۿȥ˴߲ʽ磬֮ز̫һﾡҲɽԶԶһЩɽ£һӴ󷨣
󷨣ɽʮɽɣ֮ܲ£һּΪƵĸо
ÿһɽ壬ȫ󷨵һ֣֮£ԽɽԽ׳ɽֱʣ߲£¶ģֻɽ
ҲͰˣ𺳵ģʮɽϣÿһɽ嶥һʿϥ
ǲɣʹİǰںһ𣬳ΪһزҾ徵֮
߲ʽ߲ʽڣȴֱӳͬʮԩء
ʮɽÿһʿϥУ϶лʯ̴͸壬ǵԶԶһڴǱǿаһ̽壡
Щʿÿһ˶̧ͷ˫գзʶİ
ѪЩʿ£˳ʯɽ壬ɿݣɽȥ
Ѫԭ࣬ÿɽҲһ֮ѪѣӴɽ˵ʵ΢һ飬޷ֿ£µ£һѪҲԽԽ࡭ֻҪǱʿֻҪǵڣѪ
һƺ̴ÿһɽƮŤֱɽ߲֮ڡ
ʮɽʮʿ
ʮʿУһȻüӡǣǾȫǽʿһȻˣ֪˶ٸ
ѪȵϢ߲ʽƮɢ߲֮ڣʹ߲ʣҲ
һƯĻһӰʮɽãȻƮǵĿУ૵
ʮɽ֮䣬һʬ⣬ãĻ߶ʮɽʼ޷߳˫Ŀ¶ɫ
ĬĬǰһУ֮ǰȥ뵽ʮɽ֮УһɲǣͻȻ֮䣬ʮɽĳֽƣʼ޾һ˲Ȼͣ
ÿһɽϵʿһɲԭãȻ˫ۣȻһеĿֱͬӿ֣ǿвڰã˫ת˲һԹֱȡĶ֡
ʮʿĿ˫һŲͣ١
ͬʱƯʮɽĴ־ߣеֹͬͣ˫Ŀһһ֡
ֵ̤룬ʹԭڵƽ⣬ʱͱƣַ·һȺ֮ͻȻһˣΪͻأͬʱ޸Ӧ
ѪѪİУһŴϢʣĴ鿪ǴӾһɽϣԽһʿд
ĳ֣֮еʿȫͬĻ
ѪѪʮʿһ˫۶ʱͨ죬ȻûǣĶ֣дԽԽ
ʱһɽ嶥ʿһѪѪһʱͻһƬѪѪڣӰ˸
ţʿͬʱѪѪʱʮɽϵ໥ں
˫ۺһһ֮κԥǰֱһȥ֮죬ƿһأ֮ص䣬Ӱ磬ֱӳǰ
ٶȼ죬ЩûȫںϵɲǣȻԶ̤ʮɽֱɽȥ
תۼ䣬ֵӱٽɽ壬ڿһɲǣһĻĻ棡
λãؿ˵صʮɽǱһֻ޴ʯʮɽȻѹıϣ
˵ʮɽͲɽӴޱȵ䱳̣֮
֮ռ߲ʽ磬Զͷϣϥһˣ˿꣬ȴϢɢϥûа
壬һϣһð磬ϸĿ̴͹𣬴͸ͬʱᴩ壬ƿͷǣð֮⣡


1555 ˮ
ϥֿԿǰı飬ǱǹŹ֣ϲƾʼɫϲ֮һ˷֮ʱһ产Ȼ飬Ӷϲƾɫ
˵ӣûмȴڤڤ֪ˣпܾǵʥڣ˵ʥʣ
ʥ˵ڵʥ˵ʼղ⣬Ϊλ壬ԸΪ߹
һУֿ䣬ڿӵɲǣ˲²⡣
޴ʯޣֿ統ڹĹڣһɢϢΪˣ
Ϣǰǿĳ̶ȣֶݣɨһۣջĿ⣬ǰһȥ˲Ϣֱɽ嶥ȥ
ʮɽ֮ϵʮʿѪһǵһֱӿһָͿһۣӰ֮죬ɲǾɽ嶥
ٽһ̣һɽ嶥ȻŰ˷䴫𶯣ǽֵ
ɽ嶥߲Ҳбɣܻƿ˲٣ʹɽ嶥ֵĿУ
һ֮£˫۶ʱз֮ɫ
ˮ
ɽ嶥һɫȫ֮˱ŸĶɽϣǾŸɢ߲֮âȴ߲ʶ
֮ˣˮմ䣬ܿû˵ķˣͷڸף¶ĺâɱ¾ֻһ۾ϳˮʦ֣
ϵشˮдҪϵľỴ̈ȴ޷ֻܷŭ
ɱɱɱɱɱǣɱˣɱģŤˮɳƵĴ춯ء
ǰһ
һƾճֵģһԼʮɴС߲ʳָʳָƮڰգϸָ׵ˮü֮⡣
ĴڣѾܾúܾãƯɫϸ˿ˮüϵرָա
ͷƤһ飬ãʮɽѰ󣬸ãˮȻǴĹؼ
ʯ䣬ʮ̻ɽʮʿɻˣͷѪǵԹϢһɱ¾⵽ʲô󣡡ֳĬǰһת֮¾˳ɢ߲϶뵽ڣˮȻɣ
ٽһɲǣˮȴ͵̧ͷҷǰ󲿷òڣֻܿ˫ͨ񣬷Ķ֣ͺ
ɱɱɱҪɱһУɱˣɱǣɱһ
̺֮һɾɱ־ɣ׵壬ʱһɱ֮ŨԺ俪ʿģнӽߵıɱ룬缫һ㣬ֱӺȻ
¶µһЩмط̫ף˿Уˮɱǰۡ
ɡʮɡʮɡֱʮɣ
ٽˮʮɵһ̣ˮУĶ֣֮£˫ĿͫڣȻһɫ缱ٻû
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ǺɫȻɳֱּٶ˾̫˲Ȼٽһɱ¾ڱһɱԴ֮ڣ
ⱾԴ֮Ȼɱ¾Դ
صٵ˲䣬˫ǰһӣǺɫ磬һ֮£ֱӱ˫һ飬ĸܵһɼ֮ڣҪԼ񣬵ܿͱѹ¡
Ҫʱˮȴſڣһֽ˵غǿһ
䣬̺ɱ¾ԴﵽһɼΪֲĳ̶ȣ˲䣬һ޴ѪӰˮǰûѪӰһͷ­ſѪֱֶ
ɱ¾ϢҲɫһ䣬Ϣ֮ǿȻһΣ֮УѪӰٵɲǣ˫ĿĿͬʱѪӰֱһ
һѪǳ֮Ӽˣ˫ȴʼˮĿбŨ
ˮʦְ֣ʦְֺˣҧ´Ƿˮ
ѪӰڽɫ֮ɢ֮ˮһͷҷ¶ҷµ˫Ŀա
ʹĿ֮ǰҷڸǵϣȻһڣĳ䶯
ֵĻһ˲ˮ˫һɫʱ¶ʹ࣬ʹ࣬͸һɱ͸һƷʲô֮ºľ
һ걻ѹ֡ɱˡҡɱɱɱɱҪɱ
ѵһɲǣǾ޴ʯ䣬Ȼһһɻֱӱ˲ϢߵɽڣֱˮɲǾͳˮڡ
һ壬ˮݵı˲ϢٴαǷɱ¾ȡҲ֮ǰٴγΪ
ͷ˦ɫʹ࣬˫ۺâŨ
˺Уˮ֮ǰ£ͷ֮£ĿͷҲ磬Ȼһ̣ʮ̣
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ʮ̣ǾŸʮˣӼˣ͵صͷʮɽ¶⡣
ʮɽʮ̣ӡˮ֮
ʮɽϵʿѪ䣬һɱ¾̼ˮ
䣬ѹˮ֮꣡
һеĿģΪ˴ˮϣǷŵɱ¾Դ˵ˮʦ֣ͬһ¯¯Ϊɱ¾Դڣ
ˣʥʵ֮ԱѣΪ˲֪ںδҵ䣬пܾĴս겻ڸ̺һϢʥΪҪ֮ʶűѣֻջ󣬲Ϊͽ
ˮʦֵΪѰԵɣǷʲô֣ⷢٴη񣡻߲ʳָʳָһеĸԴյһ˿˿ɱ¾ԴӺˣ֮£ʵ
˺УܴʮɽʿѪȻǰˮܣĺ䶯֮£ںȻ͸һѪɫĻ档
ڣһС̵߸䴢ұɫɥߡ⻭ڵգȴһ߲֮âڣ߲֮âڣһģӰ
һɽţ裬վһɽϣСӷһź޵أ޾һ

У߲֮ͬâڣ߲֮еӰʱ̵·Ǹꡣ
𶯣ѪڵһĻĻ棬һֲڵ֪߰صĺȻģһµĲ²⣡



1556 ŹֵĿ
ٱ䣬곤󣬻ص֮ǰĹͿ̿Ѫɺӡ⻭ϣ߲֮âͬڡ
һУǳɺ֮Ѫ𣬰ԶٵʿȻɱһµӣתűˣȥˡ
һѪ˸Ļ棬񺳶ˮĹȥˮ̤ɽ磬ǻɷ٣¶֮ɫˮ
ߣվһŮӣŮòǾȴһ¶͵ˮ¶۵΢Ц
Ƕǰһߣǰ׷ɫ飬Ŷˣ˵ʲô
ֻ⻭ڣȻ߲֮â֣ĮĿһ˿죬ˮĿֶΣԽԽǾŹ֣Ŀ⣬ڿһԼһ
Ѫӿת˲һڻ̱ˣһ¶ģһ˫¶뱯ľ䣡
ǻУˮϥһɽ嶥֮ʱͻȻϵ߲֮ˣ·һ㡣
һ֮£ˮȻһ˫Ŀ͵һƬѪɱ¾ȡǣһ춯صдصɽ磡ͬģ⻭Զ׷Ҳڣգɫ¶֮ɫģƸܵʲô
ˮˣ
ϼͣõɱ¾һ̽ɽ磬޾ɱ¾£ֿɽ֮޲ˮУͬһѪħͷԽɱԽ裡
ֱǻڣˮǰǸŮӣŮ¶ˣȻᣬˮУȴʹأ͵ˮ̧֣Ҫȥ˵ףգķ£˫ۣ˵һ仰
һ仰ԼǰĹѪǷˮ˲Ϣ䣬ѹΨо˼֮󣬲ſԴһ챯˻
һ˻𣬻Ѫת֮£ȻظظĴĵһϵѭ
һڤڤ֮ҪֲпķʽϵˮȥѼ¸֣Զɱ¾񲡢֮У
ַ̼ˮڵɱ¾Դ׳ԽԽʵ
ָͬܣˮĹ֮ǰ֪ۿȴŨˮһˮ
ˮʦֽ֣ƴһУҲҪȳɫᶨ͵תȥѪڵѭ棬糤һ㣬ֱ·ѹˮ֮ȥ
߲֮ʽһȻʯϴϢȴǿֵٽǹϢԽӵıܡ
ִ䲢ǳ˯һ㣡
ҪˮȽֶ꣡󷨽Ƶ裬˿ȻʯƿĹؼ
Ƚѹôˮϵʮ̣Ͳȡ£һ㣬ֺȷ
Ȼֱ·̧䣬ȭͷһգڵ֮Ȼۣһõȭͷֱȥ
ȭͷһ̱пֱ֣֮Ӿ·䱳ϣһ죬ȫһ𣬿ȴû˿
һɴǰʹ̱⵹֮˳ʮɡ
ҿ˫ͨ죬֮ٴ̧֮£һǰʮȭÿһȭǹȫ֮ȭͷһصķ籩Х֮·ĳ䡣
֮ضʯ𶯣䱳ȴǼӲ޷ʮȭУû¶ѵļͬʱ䷴֮죬Ȼֱ֡
֮Ȼұ۴ٴε˰ɿ⣬Ѫ£ֵɫȴǸ
ʱǺ߲֮ʽɲǣһƵ˻˻ΨſиӦ
˻˲䣬ʮʮɽϣʮʿһ˻ǵָɣȻʹǹᴩȫѪУϵ˿ڹ䶯˲Ϣϡ
ϣ⣬ٿƣʮʿ˫¶һУ˷ֳȥͨʮɫ£߲ʽ֡
˫ɱһĿɫһӣȻ澡ܳΪɫڣ˿ɢ̾Щʿ
ʮʿȴûκһֻһͣʮʿͲǻˣѾھһ棬ʵȴǱĳٿء
˵û֣ǳΪɻĻ棬ȴǱȵƺһսҪǿ˿ɢУʱȼнɫŰ˷һɨϣ
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˵һѪ֮ʮʿɣ̧֮Уڸգγһ޴Ӱִء
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һΣ˿̻뿪߲ʽȥˮ
˫¶һɷĺ飬üһģȻü߸ɫǵ㼱תͻȻͣת֮¾ͻǧɹ
Ѫ֮ٵɲǣ̧͵һţȻ£Ѫ֮٣ֱӾһ
ȫ͵һĸܵԹɱ¾Ϣǵ籩ڣһɴǵڴ
ʮʿȫһ֮Ǳĳͨı䣬֮Ȼǹ
ֵȴû˺㣬ǹɳ֮ǿеڣͺ͵һӣȻ䣬Ѫ֮ĵɡ
ֵصǱѪ֮Хٴν٣
֮ϵػصԽӾҵͬʱȴѪ֮ڽУȻնٴΣٴεն£յһҪն룬Ȼ¡
һַ̣ſȫų֮ʹ˲Ϣ䣬ʮ֮ݵںϣɲǣԺɱڴܣ֮ǰʦʮ֮ȫбɱ
죬һ֮УҪѪ£ǽϵĳ֮ǽȫŶԷ֮·ʯ䣬Դδйٶȣ˶ȥ
䵹˵ٶ̫죬գۼʹӰ£ٽɲǣ͵һתӣһһڱ֮ͬʱʩչ˫֮˫ȭкݺݵʯı
飡
߲ʽ磬һ˲Ȼ𶯣زҪ˫ȭ£ǼӲʯ䱳һҵ֮


1557 δ
ʯıȻ˫ȭ֮ϸ΢ѷ죬Ѻ£ӣֳַķ֧
ʱȴһɻѷֱϢɲǣֱȫ
֮ǿͬ籩һ䣬ֱӾֵ壬̷ǻɲǣ̺ˡ
˲Ϣ䣬ǻֳһƣ˳ӴӣȻֱͷϥʥʶȥ
ٶ̫죬ת֮¾ӿʥʵڣʹôһ𣬷ҪһһɾǿϢȻʹʥڱһĻǻʿ鲻жϵĴ󣬴Ӷֲ赲
һɱ¾ǳ֮ǰʥʵɲǣ׼˿̲˼ʥ˻Ҫ˲䣬˺̧ǰһӣѪһ
ȴѪֱһƿ޵ٶȣХ֮оٽʥʵǰһ֮£侱
ûѪһͷ­ֱӱѪ֮紵롣նǴ͸ͷ­ð̣
ӿʥڵĻͷ­նµɲǣĴ侱˿й֮ǰ̾ͱ˻ŻԽ࣬ܿ
ʥʵĳ֣ڴУĿήձ
һΣֹϵɢĸɸɾ
֮£Ѫ֮Хٴٽڴ󰧺Ҫһµɲǣ͵תзͬʱ¶ǣ̧Ǿ޵ݺݵһȭȥ
һ˺ɣǾ޵һ֮£ڲҽȴǧֱ֮꣬ӱǾ޵ĴСиı䡣
ָһ˺ٴγȭ裬Ѫ߲֮ʽڲϵĺѪ֮ԽԽߣСǼټ١
һ£һȭͽѪ֮ǵķѣ֮Ѫ⣬ȫɻң
һм죬Ƽ򵥣ʵÿһȭֵȫ֮˿ڵų֮Ȼ죬ʹϮ֮£ȫÿһë׶Ѫڳ
һͲȥᣬѪ֮͵תһɾᶨյ˼޺·ٵĳ
ս֮һ㣬ֱѷʯ䱳
飡飡飡ֵͺ֮ٶ֮죬˾Хһ˫ȭ䱳ϡ
Ǿ޴ʯ𶯣䱳ѷȻ˺ѣ˴ΧĶ֮һЩطֱӱ
ֺ˫ۣΨһͷǴ䣬䲻ѹˮ֮꣬һȭ²δȫɹٴκһȭ
һȭһȭ
ԶԶȥ䱳ϵֻȭͷޣÿһȭͷ£䶼𶯣ѷ࣬ĵط
ֵȭͷڣ£ʹƻ֮Ϊңת˲䣬Ȼӳ˲ȭѪڵų֮ȫ汬
ڵľʹ˿ȫֻһɷ񲣬һɾȳˮľģ
䣬ҲΨôļˣ˳̶ȣˮһ
ȭ£ıȻĴ룬ɻʼûȫ鿪沿һֱǧɣ̧һָա
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һһ޴ĽɫӡȻӡܲƾգ£ӡֱӽٴ͸·䱳£
ӡ֮ͬʱ£ֳƣȫԶԶһͬһУֱ·
ӡ޴ӡȻ䱳Ӿҵһ䱳̾ͳһӡ״İݣԵ֮ȫѣ
ڴͬʱֵƽӡǴڱ֮е䱳һ֮£֮һ֮мƬȫѣһУܼٵ
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죬ɢ߲ʽ磬֮ǰǳϵغ£ļžʮɽʧΨˮڵǴƯڰգ߲֣ûϢ
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䱳ȴһ鿪ĻɫʯɢĹ⣬һһ
߲ʽһУƽƯľ޴ȴȻһ𣬴ڴ֮ȭͷҪ򿪣
֮ԽӾңռһƬⰲ߲ʽ磬Ƭ̺󣬵һǾ޴ĴһλֱӱһɢȭͷȻ
ȭͷţѪܣϿ͸һ˻ȱڼٴܣ£һȭͷȱͬͬѪֻȭͷɿһץסȱԵıԵǺΪһɲǣֻ͵һ˺
ǵһǾ޴Ĵ򣬺Ȼ˺һѷ죬¶ڣһȫͷҲѪȾӰ
̴͸Ӱȫÿһλã˫У̴ŨŨĴϢ֮Ӱдһɰ
ЪϢָʮϢ̧֣ץסе̣͵һקȥ˫ĿѪᣬϡ
֮͵˫ۣһ˫ٴץǰĴһ˺һ׵Ľ˿
ǴڲӰӣЩһЩĳѪ
̣ȴ۶֮ڡ
ˮʦ֣㡭΢Ǻɢ󣬴ֿдǰһȥ߳Ǵ򣬵һȴʹ༸޷ܣϣ̴͸
ÿһѪ˳Щ£ֵӣҲĴǧɣСָһУϵвٱ鿪ڵĴȴ糤һ޷ȡ
ʦ֣ˡ߲ǰģĿǰͷҷڸףӲˮ
ѪϵУֻȥˮ̧֮߳һץˮǰĵһ̣͵һΣ


1558 ߲Ӱ
ˮӾҵһؿڵṆ̀һק֮£ֱӴаγ磬һ˿ڴεסṆ̀ʹڰζʱܡ
ק˴̵˲䣬һɹϢֱӴ֮ڣһɲǣֵٱƺùһ㣬ڷĴ
֮Խӿ٣Ƭ̣ͼһƬһĵľʹӿ֮
һ̣ӡ֮ģһɲǣһĵͻȻ
һ٣֮ǰûκβ˿ͻȻ˫Ŀͫһתͷ
ˮڵɽ壬Ưڰգ߲ʳָ뿪ڽѣ߲ʳָɢ߲ʽڡ
ֻͷȥһ̣ɢ߲ʳָȴٴγֻ֣߲֮âŨģĿ£߲ʳָƱһΪ˵߲ʾ⣬δɢۺ󣬻һģ߲Ӱ
Ӱ˵ģĿȴ֡
ֳĬüĹǵ㼱תĿڵĹħ֮ǣͬתɿ̣ӡڡ
ҪţԼҲֹ㡭ģ߲ӰĿڡ
ûаи߲ӰĿ⣬һ۾ϳ֮ǰѪڣ߲֮ˣ
߲ʣֵ˽߲ܶ࣬ʵ񣬿߲ʵ飬ڹ֮Ĺڣǻþڿ߲ͬʵˡ
ǰ߲ģӰ޷ȷԷǲͷƤ֮ˣĴӶԷڴϢȴûа㲨ƽ
ŴС岻塭Դϵأȷܶࡣ߲ģӰģƴ޴
µ˭𶯣ɫȴûа仯Է֮ˣôܷԼܣ⡣
ϵЩأˣκһɳ֮ΪĪ컯˵ʱȴûá߲ģӰҡͷ̧ˮһָ֣ĵҸһλᣬܾ㽫ߣȲ£뿪Ψһһλᡣ
ֳĬɿӡǣδתһץסˮؿڵ̣ץŵһɲǣ֮ǰǳϢٴ֡
Ϣ£ֵʹȴסץ̣
ԽǰγֵԽǴʹһֻץģҪһΪ֮壬ָ֮ˣ˿ǴʹϮҲڼٵˡ
Ŵ֮壬ȷįǧѪ֣֮ûаװ˷ѡ߲ģӰ֣ڡ
ʹﵽһ˲䣬˫۽һ͵ݺһ˦̾ͽǵһ̣ˮؿڳװγˮҧӲϵزȴûзֻҷڸǵ沿ȻɫʹŤ
ѪˮؿڣҪ緢Լٶֱӵ˿ڴӡһѪʧ
ֳĬڵų֮˿̺ת֮ĽʹڲϢų֮£Щ̣һһ
ΨЩеģͬһ
ڷʯ䱳ѣʮ̴͸һ˲䣬ʩչ˹Ӱܣʩչ˹ӣһбУ޷
ɼˣҲȻ޷ȫ赲̵ĳֻӻˡ
վϢֵʹɢ߲ģӰһۣ̣ˮʺ֮ǵڶ̣ݺݵס
ڶ̣ӡĽ
΢ɲ˸įǧѪ֪´˻⣡
߲ӰЦҡͷڣ̣ܰҿԸһйصŵܡ
߲ģ֮˵˼ԷǧټƵĴˮлǷʱעıˮһʼմڱ߾֮Уﲼ󷨣Ϊıɱ¾Դ
£ŶԷĳƺɫȴֶԼ֮ǰĲ²⣬ɡ
߲֮ʶеĲ⣬ֿ٣ģ⡭
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͵һקһǵڶ̣γ
ˮҧһƺߣȫˮ޷ݵʹࡣ
ɫ԰ףְˮϵĵ̡
̣ұ۵ĵĸ̣ӡʶ߲֮˻˵졣
ֵͺһסǵ̺͵һקһק֮Уʶ̾ͱǵڴһɴܣʶ֮Уشһ㡣
һѪɫ°γ˵̣ͬʱûκͣ٣һץסˮұ۵ĸ̣ٴݺݵһק
һק£شʶٴαǹɴݺݵسкصӲУٴѪڵų֮ʹӲϵزš
ˮ˫۴£͵̧ͷ֣Ŀƿ߲֮ˣֻ֡Ŀбοм
ֲȥǵѪˮ΢΢һЦܿ죬ɫһˮͫڣӳߵһУУֻԼӰû߲ʡ
ҡֻԿһ˼ޣ統ǸŷսԴҺܾȵСһҺȷûйϵĻ治ȥţ컯֮߲Ӱƺܸ̾
˵Һûйϵ˻⡭ŷսԴĪǴ˵ģȥսңǡսϹֿ͸߲ӰĿһڵǧѪ֪Ǻ⣡
߲֮ЦЦһۣһ˿䣬˵
籾ûйŹ֮ޣûеįˡˣ֮ǰɢǧѪһǧɹһǧɹħһǧɹţǧѪںϣϡ͡
⣬ǹ֮
һ𣬶ԷĻȫţⷬȴ֮ʶʱսڵĹл˵Ϊƣ
ǹ˵Ϊһޣսѣı˹񡢹ħ
֮壬ǵڶޣ
˵߲֮˵ܲһǶһϣһ࣡
įǰ߲֮ǳսǹ˵Ĺս֮
ǧѪվͻ˹֮壬ں֮Ѫģ壡ֻǣ˻Ǽ٣


1559 лл
̣Լ߲Ӱ쿪ڡ
ֳĬѹ£̧ץסˮĵϣλãʿ֮
̣ӡԪ߲ӰƮ죬صֶߡ
̵һɲǣ֮ͬʱתҪƣں£ұڣסǵ̣ݺݵһק
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ٽˮ֮ûκԥ˫ͬʱץסˮ˫ϣǵ߸̣
û߲֮˿ڣֵͺһ˫Ȼͽ˸еϢѪ£˫ͬʱֱһק
ˮҲʹ֮ܲסȴҧ֮£ǱӦĲҽУһ˻֮
һ̱ȫγȴ͵һѪ£ų֮Ȼ۷壬ʹɫŤ
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ǹʵϣһ֦ӣ߲Ӱʳָһɨ֦ʱǹʵֿ֦

ǵüͷ߲Ӱĸоͬӣ²벻ΪʲôԷԼȥˮԼйص֮£ͳ
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ֳĬУջؿǵĿ⣬ˮͷ֮أǿԿģڰ˸̣
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̧𻺻ذˮ飬һεĶΪ֮ǰĺԥȻ˲١
ڰ˸̣飬֮Ϊ֮أǶĵҲˣƫƫб磬һ㣬޷⡣
ڰ˸̣ǷӡǴֻء߲ӰЦƣֵĽӽǵڰ˸̡
ǰһ磬ֵֶһ£߸ͬ߾ܶˮڣҲдأڰ˸̣ȴǼȫˮ飬ֻ硣
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̶̵Ϣˮ˵ͬ޾̱һİγɫŤļƬ񣬵֣ȴûκβģģ̧̣ԽԽߡ
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ͷʣбֵļϣӣָֻܲߣˮ΢Ļ
лл˵һ仰ˮԹȥ
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ֻ̣Ҫ֮ǰҪѺܶ࣬ˣ㽫ߣ뿪ɡ߲Ӱһӣǵֱ֡
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߲֮ˣŨŨļɵ²ԷЩ飬ΪʲôĬУڽҪȥһɲǣͣתңңԶ߲Ӱ
Ϊʲôɳƣ˳
ֻһϷȳߣΪʲô뿴컯֮£ֵޣ᲻սԴСһı仯仯£ҵ
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ֱ仯߲֮ԴҵҪѰ֮ĬУȥӵĿһɢ߲ʽ磬ԶԶʧˡ
ˮϵ飬ֻһϷôкһˮܲƬΧ⣬һϡ
ûʿҲûΨһЩϢ˵ȴõΪˮȡ·ӡ֮ء
ڴǵһɽڣϥѻԵˮǰĿɣڵų֮Ҫѹ£ȴǺΨǾҵʹУͶѡ
ڣͬе̣ÿһκУȫʹ඼ʱ޿֣ǵĴڡ
һξˮۺء
ֻǾȥѡһΣҲԥȥô鲻ǣ飬޴
֮ǰ֮ԵôˮΪΪǸʱһ˿նûУ޷ȡ
£Ϊӵȥˮһ˿գǵȴȥȴԼİո󣬵ȴԼΪ˵ܣȴԼӵ㹻Ǹʱ֪ˮǷš
ˣʱʲô鶼ôôףһʱʶȥԼ棬ôգˣ޷ףʲô顣
֪ΣգҪȥˮôţˮΪˣͬѡȥ֣
һ㣬㹻ˡ
ܼ򵥵ĵֱӵѡ񣬿ߣмˡ˭ϧЩʱЩ飬ȴǱҪҪ
ֻǣŷһˣѾ٣ˡ
ֲǾӣޣһѪ⣬Եˡ


1560 Ҿ
ڣǵɽڣǣҲǡ
ھỴ̈ˮı֮ڣᴩǣûаðȫڣ˿ڶƾճ档
ԵˮʹŤͬģҲһ˿οο֣֣Ҳ֡
ݵ֮ƣɫɢѻԵˮ𣬹̶Լ˫Ŀ磬ݵı
䱳ļȫ𣬿Ŀġ
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ڻû伹ȫںϣٹһЩʱգһںϣô̾ҲȡˡģҲˮʦԪ񣬼ǻһҲˡֳʳָͻȻһֱӾʹˮһڼڡ
ˮһ˫ۣҧʹഫ
ʦ֣ھŸ̵ʹ֮࣬ǰ˸Ҫҡڡ
һʹ࣬Ѿϰߡˮ˻ƣȴƽûа㲨
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˵ţ͵һֱӾƿˮѪ⣬伹֮ڣ˫ָ磬͵һ
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ˮɫҰף亹ڳȴҧʹ໯һɳ޵Ļ棬Ŀȼ
סָ̣оڳһʹ࣬˿Գܵˡ
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ֿˮɫȫ˫ָ֮ϡקʼձƽٶȣ̫ңûˮȫںϣҲں˴룬һòСġ
ʱţھŸ̺ܳʱ䣬ק˴룬ͷˮ£ȴȻˣʼ̡
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ҵĴϢ֮ˮд˫ͨ죬òƽϢ˫ʼ˴ɡ
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ʱ˫ۡ
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ˮغһת֣ĬĬǰʦܣƣɫǺɫɿݵѪ͡
㳤ˡˮ¶΢ЦǰʦܣҲǵǸҪԼվǰ赲ССʿˣǳΪԺǿյһǿߡ
ˮ¶ЦݣЦݾܴƣȴ͸Ŀġ
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ֵͷ̧һץѷ֣ڷɳһƺ
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ȡҿɻָΪҸ٣ɱ¾Դɱ¾Դˮ˵ţɫһıȴнӹƺٴκһڡ
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ھƺµɲǣɫ̣һקŤУֱӱק֮߳ˮɫȻ࣬˫ͺĶգеŭٴȼʹ£ץŵľƺֱ飬ھˮܡ
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קУˮڱ̵Ϊɶһɷջɱ¾Ϣ˲ϢŨ
һƬƬɫѩڻ£Ʈɢء
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һȫ䶯Ӿңɫ̺Ȼˮק˲١
ӡ˱ɾЩ꣬գˮΪ䣬ƺʹ࣬ץؿһɫ̣һק֮µһ̾Ȼһק룡
ѪӣϿİҪ»صѪأˮһۣŤӿ˫ָɽһɾ춯صɱ¾ԴϢȻ˫ָ˲ϢؿѪڡ
ȻǱڱںˣˮ˫ָµɲǣǽٵĺѩٶֱؿڶȥֶݵɱ¾Դˮ˫ָĳѪС
֮ˮڲϵĴ䶯̾ʹƲҽ֮ܿƽȴǷ̣ɲǼ䣬ͱˮɱ¾ԴֱӺɱڡ
ˮһſƬĺѪݵֱͣѪ⣬ָ˵ӡ
һɲǣڵɱ¾Դֱӱ˲һƬڣɫѩ֮£յľͷȻһõĴţ
֮ţ


1561 䡢
ɱ¾Դ֤ܣˮʦɱ¾Դ߲֮£ȴûȡߣ˴룬ʹˮʦַӡһ⿪˿֮ţĿ¶˼˲ͷࡣ
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ҪˮʦϣõʲôĿ˸ԽԽòԾʱͻȻһֳ֮ǰˮбṆ̀
Ϊ֮б֮أ߲֮˵ǿֻֻ֮ءֻر翣߲֮ĪĿˮʦɱ¾Դֻءɾˣкá
Ǿ仰ȷûйϵ仰ǲ˵ˮʦйءˣ֮ʲôְ˼⣬ץסʲôȴȻģ
ȥ̰֮ǣ߲ʵʼֱһ֮󣬱һйؽڽأ
أĴڣʼ޷ֱ֪ƺһսսϹĳ֣ǼԻ޵Ĳ²⡣
ȥڽδսһ֣ǧ˿ƵĹ
߲֮ˣʲô˼䣬߲ʽڣ䱳ľʯʯȻȡߡ
ֵ˼̧ͷУˮһͷƮճֵĿ֮ţһָյȥ
Ǵź¡¡ľ죬˿ļ
ǿ֮ţ¶ҪΪܣֻΪ㹻п֪أſʸȥĽ
٣ԴұҪɡӦòԶˣĿ磬¶һš
Ѿһұоųɰճɹܽˣ˿̺һЦУˮſ֮Ŷȥ
ּ䣬ɱ¾Դĺɫѩ۶⻯һѳһץס˽ˮһͺǿ֮ţݺݵһն£
ձɾ֤ţһ֮춯أһɺɫɱ¾籩һɷɱ¾ֱǿŶȥ
ԽԽɲǼɫɱ¾籩ٽ˿֮⣬һǣǿյľ϶
ǿ֮ţ籩ײ£Ȼһϸܵѷ죬û򿪣ֱӱС룬ǿб˿
ˮڴɱ¾Դ֮ǿȻһбԴ֮ϢΪˣ
֮űˮһС룬ƿһֱ֮ӽ٣ˮϡ
âûɫգƵ֮ȫˮ֮ٵڣʹˮϵϢȻƬ̼䣬һɿڵϢ֮䡣
Ϣ̺ɱ¾ˮ⣬Ȼ֮ӰЩӰ޾ȫˮһɱ֮ˣ
ޱ޼ʵ֮ӰڳֵһɲǣĿˮ¶־֮ɫƷ˼Уȴûа㴫
Ϣļ£Щ֮ӰĹ˵ϣȻˮĤݣȴһˣûй£ȺĬĬˮ¶͵΢Ц
һŮӣ
ˮŮӣˮ֣ŮЦݸĿᣬ
ģŮԽԽվˮǰվֱ֮ڣˮסˮϵˮ£ŻŮӣʹ
һɾһɱ¾Դܣ֮ǰʮ̱жһӲ޷ʹûзȫûᣬ˿̣ڱסŮӵһɲǣˡ
ͬһһ㣬ıסŮӣԽԽ࣬ĺܽܽƵһɿŮӾͻʧõ뿪
Ůҧ´΢ЦֻۣͬᣬˮҲõģֻޣȴۡ
ǻ걯
ˮĻУŮ΢Цᣬ̧֣طˮϣҪȥˮᣬȴ
ˮеıˣʹ̧֣ͬҪȥŮӵͷգһ
ĿŻŮӣĴ͸ԼֱۣȥһԶӾ˿һһҪʧˡ
̣ˮ췢һ춯ص˻˿Լ俪˿ţһУУһ˲䣬ֻһŮӣ
ӣ̣ΪȡӵĹϧɱ¾磬ӵİһȫǿ֣ҲʹĸԴ
ۿ˿֮̿ų֣ɱ¾ԴɶûĲлҪٴԶȥеǸ֮ӰҪʧʹ࣬ˮ˻ǰȥҪסӵĻ꣡
ҪˣУҲȥסֻ꣡꣬ǿ֮ųʱһͶӰ
ֻǣŮӵӰȴԽԽԶеᣬ壬ҲûУϵıȴһ޷ǡ
űʼ¶΢ЦĬĬˮ
ֿһУĬ̧һץ̴ѷ֣ڷɳʮƬϢҶ֪ܲܰˮȴһҪԡ
ϢҶ֣˫˰ƣʹǹϢҶǰִһ˦ʮƬϢҶֱǰԶԶȥҪɢŮһָʮƬϢҶ̷裬ֱǰ
ҧ֮£ҧ⣬һڵɫѪҺѪҺѪ֮֮Ѫ
ɫѪҺһ֮ʮƬϢҶʹǳΪ˽ɫХֱӴˮŮ߻ƣһ⣡
ŮӵͻȻһ٣ɫϢ֮£ȴʮƬϢҶֱһ֮ӡӳ׵̡
ˮһѱסŮӣУ૵˵һЩŮҲͬĬĬرˮ㡣
֮ˮ̧ͷһ֮£һѹӵӣȡĹӣشŮӵͷϡ
ŮӣˮеıŨ֮ת֣Ŀеĸм޷ݡ
̧һץ֮ǰ俪˿ŵĺɫû֣һ֮£ܳŮ֮й֮ȫսǺڽ֮ڡ
һŨɱ¾ԴϢڽڱء
֣˽ƿۣҺ俪ţ̺˿վϢ̺һɱ¾֮ɱ¾ԴҰ㣡㽫֮򣬱ɱ¾Դ
ˮһ֮УڽХֱֶǰƯɱ¾ϢҲľ
˽һҴɵɱ¾Դ
ѽ˵ˮǿ֮ΪܣһԴܣƿʱ˶۱ԴˣΪϡ٣
ȸ桢گˡʦ誡鶯Ƕ޷ǺɼӡҲû
֮󣬿ɼһߣ


1562 ٺ
ƣˮһ£޺֮꣬صķ˻һӡĿڡ
ǲ봢ռ䣬ˮᡣ
ǰɱ¾֮ˮִͣߡϱвɱ¾ԴƺһսǰֻⱾԴ΢ǵѣδ̫¶
ɱ¾ֵ֮ıԴΪǲǱԴս֮ӡǣ֮ǰͻ˹֮ǣڡ
ɱ¾Դûд㼴գʱҪԼԴȫɺںŵһ˲䣬ȥɱ¾Դһٴ򿪿ţԼΪΪԴ֤ߣ
ˮ£ĬĬصнɢĿ֮ţ̧һץɫѪƺУߺһڣĸо˫¶˺⣬Ѿƺݸ֡
ϣɢеĿ֮ţӭһɺ磬ǷĺХ֮УڴһƬƬ֮£ĬĬĺžơ
û˵
ûȥˮ߲ܲʽ磬Ƿҵ䵱Ҫ֪Ĵ𰸡
ˮûȥ˵ֻԼףԼʲôʲô˽Խ࣬ԽǳĬ
һϷˮкâһȴпɬӹֵݸľƺٴκһں󣬴Ц
֣Ӧһ£ˮЦ̺һɾϣ֡
û˵ǵ˵ͷ
һˣһʬ壬ôҵļ磬ĹϣҪһ֮õĹ桭ˮա
ҲûءֳĬ֮Żڡ
Ǳ֮УˮһѪѪҺ¼УһΣɢâ
ãִˮùƺºɫأ˫һֵ
ǰ棬һȸǣԹҡ
ˮ֣صͷ
ǳŵ
Ѫƣңˣȴ֣ˮǾƲ࣬ڴϣǿɢĹУźţؿҪˡ
֣Ҵûʹ㡭кôˮ˫ۣɫЩ¶
һӡбǲѪƣһڣ븹Ȼǻ˴ʹ
һŮˮ˫ۣĿ׷䣬׷ζǿġ
ҲˡʱգѾԶȥˡˮ׷䣬űˣǵãѵһɲǣӵʬ尧һ˲䣬ԶѪҺ֮УһƬк֮һ߰СŮͯһֻɺףն˫ĿԼ衣
ѾֻأѾתϣҵʱһӡӡǣԶİܼһŮչˡ
յôţճ׵ɢˡ
ˮվĺһ˫ۺ¶
֣ɱˣˮ̧һɱ¾Դڱ֮ϣʹֻ֣ת˲ͱһƬɫĺ
ǺƮҡʹһɲǣ⻷ơ
ɱ¾ԴǼΪһԴӵ߼ΪһӵУһԴͿƿţⱾԴɱ֮ޡ
ˮΪ˵ǿڣɱ¾Դټ֮ͨսԷӳɱ¾ǿʿҲɫ䣡
ɱôãһȥвƻصֱʧڡˮȫ̤ͬʧĲڣһͬӰ
ǰһ̶ˮˮеĸαһſǣô£ˮȴǳеĲƣͬˮ¼ǰС
ڣԽʿ࣬Ͼ˲ʱܲⲻһЩʿ֮ǰһǿյɱ¾£ȫ
ǳɱ¾һʦͽӾԵΪ֮£нʿԴ
ֻӵĿ꣬ٺӣûͣһЩ©֮㡣
üӡǵĽʿ˿ɫ¶ţСǿռǰУٶȶ̫죬Ĳע⡣
ϢûзӦ˶׶༪٣ģ׷ʲô飡
ܻܲȥҵҲ˱ʣĪǽڴ˲ɣҵȻѰһȴɱʱٳΪá
ǰб˴˴ʱǵҲǿڣȴһڣһɱ¾ֱӴߴ͸
ûвҽ֮ƹʿһϳϸܵƣȻԪķѵ
ͬһĻ飬죬ƺУӲǰɨһɱ¾֮дĲʿٴξˮķ
Ѫ㣬
ƣɨ󣬳ٺӣٺӣǳױʿռ֮أĽʿ
һٺӣ̱ŨŨѪѪ޷ֹƣصٶ£ӹһǡ
ֱٺһ߲ʽ磡Ǻɼӱ𱻷ӡڣ
ǿУһ޴ѷڣɢ߲֮âѷ⣬֫ϱ۴Ľʿܡ
к߲֮ʽڲϵشȻ棬һҵɱ
Ȼٽ̺ɱ¾Ĳƣһ·֮ǿǱ⣬Ȼֱ߲ѷȥ
٣ѷЩ֫ϱԼʬȫ֣ˡ̺ɱ¾ϢĲƣ߲ѷɲǣɢһµˮֱû˿ԥ̤߲ʽ硣
ֵͬûƣͬȥ
ٺ߲ʽڣָһ̤룬߾ʹҽУ߲ʽ֮ǰвͬƯĴ½ɡ
˿̣ȴǳ˴½ʯƯڿеģֻʣ顣½֮ϣһ߶˻ּǵضҡ¡¡ľ졣
Ǻߣּƺһսиһ־ͱ֮סĳ췣
Ϊ̫ǳڴȻ˿ڣȡĿڣ
Ư½£ʿϥ֮ǵͷһ˿˿֮Ʈڰջһӹ飬˻췣ܣ֮һͬ֡
ˮһ٣ֵɲǣһյӶ˺˫ۺ˸ֱܵʿȥֽ˵ҽУǴʿд
ˮɱǴ˿ɱ¾Դɺ俪˿źɱĳ̶Ȼ۷壬һɱ¾жȹ˿ּ̳
˫Ŀһ̧ͷУĿԹ췣ǵϷ߲Уһ޴ĵڴ¡


1563 
ǵ͸Ŀһȫɢâͯӣͯϥ棬¶ʹɫڵϸ˿ӣ֡
ͯӣǺɼӱû棬޷ȥڲӵĵ³ֻһ;
ɱ¾ڼĲҽд˷ص췣һЩӹ飬˿̵ͺзɢֱ·һĮһɱ¾ˮȥ
ڱǰ֮Ҳˮкһ̧ǰһӣȻһɺɫķ籩ɫķ籩̺ɱ¾ԴֱգЩɲǣ籩Ȼ
ɱ¾ԴɢȺĹߺɨ
ɨɲǣЩһȫ⴫֮ȴ˲Ϣ䣬Ȼһɫı飡
ǣȫ⣡
Ǳ⵹Ҳˣĺڱڣȴ̳֣Щ鴩͸
ǰһȥδˮɱ¾ĽʿҲûǰӶ֮Уٶƿ죬ת۾ٽ߲Ʋµĵ
һжɲ֮䣬ˮ˵أϢ췣͵ػͷһ۾Ϳ֣ɫ¶ȡ
𣡡췣˫ɱһҪȥɱȴɫĮУǰһ˦Ȼ֮±һɲɣϢܣס췣ĽŲ
֮䣬ûʤ
赲췣˫ۺȥǵڣԲȥᣬԷͷΪһͼȥȺɼӣԲ
˿˫֮£ۣٴչɱ
˵߲ʽ磬ֵ£ǵ⣬ڵĺɼӣ˫һ̧ǵһġ
һ죬һɷ֮ǵڴϣʹ˺̧ͷĿ֮ɫ˸
ǵкӺɼϵϸ˿Ťưȫ֮ɼڣʹúɼɫΪʹ࣬͵˫ۣ¶ն
̤ǰ̧ĳ£Ƿ֮ûκα仯ΨǺɼӣɫΪʹ࣬˫Ŀӿڤ
ΪҲȥٵˣ˵Ī˵㣬ϷҲ޷ȥҿȥǺɼӣõķӡƿ
ԽǹԽǰȥɼӣΪҽ֮췣һɨһĻЦ
վǵǰ췣Ļͷһۣڡ
ô
췣Ц֮ǰеĶԷͷʲôķƿϾϴ֮ǿ伫Ϊ̡
ȴǷ϶־ƿ˿̷֮ĿһӶ֮ʣϵɨɱ¾еˮ
ԽԽľ
ɱ¾ԴȻɱ¾Դһ֣սѣѡˣ֮У췣һΣ˫º֮죬ӵľ߲ʽĳһȥ
˺ܾºɼӣϷǣ췣һҪȥʱˮ͵̧ͷ̧ǰһӣһƬȻûɱ¾ԴɢγһƬǹֱ߲ʽڣһ£ͻһƬ⣬Ȼͽڷ
ûɱ
̧֮ͬ£һĻɽͼ赲췣ǰֱ߶ȥ
ϷҲûкĪҪȥ
췣¶⣬͵תˮӣɫԲȥǴһ˦Ȼ硣
ϷߣôǾҪۣ
ӳĬ֮£ǻûɽͼʱ֮ɽӸǷһ߲ʽںȻû
ǰһȥֱɢȻɽͼΪһ壬ɽ֮£췣ֱѹȥ
֮ǰѾȼָǲɽȻͻһֻ޴ƣȼգһǿΪ췣һץȥ
˿̣ˮ̧ͷ֮£ƽĿڣ£
仰ڵ˲䣬ˮǰһӣָ췣߲ʽںȻ𶯣Ǻ⣬ƾճһơ
ƳֵļΪͻȻֵ˲䣬ߵϣȻͳһԲεͼڡ
ͼڿȥͬһ£
磡ˮ˫ɱһϵ£ֱӾͱһ֮⣬âͬһ˸ɲǣҪϵ¡
׷֮ǰ׷׷ǡˮϵŤǻƽ֮ʱǿΪӲ£ɶɲǣȼһлľ޴ƣ١
ˮǰһȥһɾɱ¾ֱߡ
ˮӵͬʱ£˲Ϣ϶𣬺߲֮ʽ磬ǻһĪĳܺɨƶ
Ư½ֱӱʯĹУٴ鿪Ϊ˷ɻ
֮ǰûбˮɱ֮ޣ˿̸޴ɶ㣬ܼǿһɢȫ
߲ʽǱĨƽʼ˴Χı
ƣ鿪Ӱ֣ɣһԪ֮ɫήңȴʼƽ
ˮӵΪ㣬˵ɱ¾Դǿ󣬵ȻƣѪɫȴǱ
췣ѪӾ£赲ŶһϸµɢѺۣѺֱͷӡ
ѷ˸ӣǾ޴ʹֺȫڸɱ¾֮ɽ䱳һ޴ӡӡɽƣʹߵ壬˲Ϣή
ɫҰǾȺɼӣһֿͬԴ򿪵Դ»ϷȥΣĻϷƴˣ˶Ҫᣡ
ˡشģֱ
Ǻ޷ŵĿУֵ̧һƬ֮£ֱǾ޴ĵڣûκη֮һץס˵еĺɼӣ͵һקȻͰѺɼӴǵھ˳
ɼӵϸ˿һ֮£ȫɼӿն˫ۣ̾ѣ
û˱Ҹ˽еҲСɿɼӣǵϵ֦һӣѪһѪɨֱն֦ǵ±סתһ𺳵췣
ⲻܣ췣ʶ˺󼸲һУţ־ȻɵľͰѺɼӾȳ
¹һȫˡֻּеƽڡ


1564 ʮ
ɼ˫ԽԽ˿ڴ֮һƬ亹ëһѪ
֣䱧ȭһݡ
л𣡡̧ͷתɼĶ췣¶֮â
ؾӣȼΪҲӲߣ㲻ϷᱻѪΪҽһУɼǰһΣһӰֱǰ
Ǻɫ԰ףǴܣҲʿ˿ˣȥսǺɼٽɲǣ߼˺
ĺ󷽣ƽ̧֣ɽͼ˷
ˮɫ䣬̧źһָʱ沿ӵѷ죬ٴ˺ѣ֮ǣķıֲ֮
ɫ糣˳ֵ˲䣬̧˫Ŀһһɽâӿָ⣬ңңָߡ

һûս߲ʽ췣ؾӣջǰ䣬ɼӽߡ
ȼյ꣬ںɼӵİ£ϨļĬĬȥȴһεĽڽս
ɼǰƺս̨Է֮Ϊս֮֮꣬ޣյķ
ûȥõҪģų֮ȫǰԴɣ俪֤
ˮˣһϯǿƮҡ䱯ˣ¶ĬĬȥҪȥѰԼŮҵһҲҲ
ֻҪһ仰ĺǣҲ֮䣬̫־飬ˮ
ǿУˮ˵ֻʣȥ⣬һʦ֡
ɼӵΪ֮޴һܣٺӵշýڲд֮ƿϣ
ʦӵļ룬췣ܵȵһ飬ý֮µȼġ
µĽڣȻû߲ʽ磬κ⼸ʮĴս֮󣬵ʿȻӵһѪǱҪսȥһʧܣΨߡ
ǴӺɼӿ˵֣һ仰ý֮ޣһ̧˵ŵͷеս𣬸ΪŨ
ڣƺٺӡ֮һǣսչһӴĽ׷С
ǣĴı߽罻֮أ˲٣ĴʿЩϣ˴˽׸Դ
ʹĴںһ
˿ΪһڣиʿУﲻУ糱ֵӡ
ЩʿУٺŮΪٺӾݣڶ࣬ٺŮȴڵǴηУвɱΧ
񾡹ٺӸոոŴٺŮ޴ص԰ģٺȼ˸յϢ
ٺŮ࣬һգϴŮҵķ㣬ʹĵʿʩչȫҪΪԼѰһһ¶ˮĵ¡
ٺŮ޴ڣڸΪˡ
ⷻУһЩջΪ׵ʿṩ֮ջÿһڣдʯ벻
һЩĿջڣԪڣΪЩϹṩԪ
˿ǵķжһеȹģĿջڣδźܶʿ
ʿܿԱٹȣЩɹƣһЩ򵥵ķʳҲԹһЩδ޵ʱļ䣬һջϯ
սԵʣҲʶѵĻᣬ˴дͨ򵥵һʶպսϣ֮ա
˿ջļԣʿһʿЦߵ̸
֮ǰ˵ˣʶƫƫš
ʿ棬Ůӣ˾òֻͿЩͬɫ㷢ŮӽΪᣬԺѯ
ʲôطķأ
ԱߵǸµŮӣЩ곤ǸˣϻµĲɣƽʼû˵һ仰
ĪҪѵԴǣһÿٺŮ޶˵ͬĻⷬϵĶ䶼ˡʿһߣЦŲڵ
ȸǣʱķԶûΪҼǵʱӦûһᵤСްɣ˵Ҳû뵽Ϊķ𣡡ʿ΢΢һЦߵĻɫ¶п
Ůգգۣ¶˸Ȥ֮ɫתͷŮӣЦڡ
ʦ㣬Ҽǵ㵱˵ȸǣأ
˻һʿڣȫž뿴Ůӣ¶Ľй֮ɫ
ջԵʿ˻ߣ׷ײ˵һͬŮӣɫŹ
֮ǰ˵ʿæŮӱȭһݣ秶£ȸǵѣ֮ǰΪ飬ĪҪ⡣
ߣܵĴʿ컹飬ȫȭ׷׼
Ǽƺʿǰȭһݡ
飬Ĵڲǳȴηĺպ֮ҴǸҫһδڵĴ¼ڽʿĿУǽ֮꣡
飬ʿǰܵأ˵࣬ȴڡȸǣ˽֪ȸǣ㱻ʿ֪
ȸǵʿȻ𾴣
ȸǵ֮أ߳ʿʵǺٺ٣һߣ
Ҳˣһ֪˭ȸʿܵ𾴵ĳ̶ȣ
ƣһ˵õȮ죬ȸǱһˣӶ֮ܵ޵أһ㣬ҲͲżȻˡ
ŮЩ̫Ӧĳϣɫ΢죬̧Ѷǰ˿ڶһһݼĵѻڣشʦõ⡣
ҡӦǼŮ¶׷䣬Ļ̾˵ע⣬׷
ֻЩȷҼˣǲŮ̾
ʦ㣬˵ǷŮӽʦ㡣
Ǹʱ򣬽ʱӦǸոĮЩ顭սڣһͬص˻ٹǷôĽ񣬾ʶġĽ񣬻ҵĹءŮЩȷڡ
ʿһĺ棬飬ǺѴһȸʿ
ΨһԶһռһӵĺ꣬ĬĬغеľƣɫĮһɱϢ
ʦ𡭡žƣſջ⣬¶˼ɲǼ䣬һŴӿջ⣬ƿ߽һӣ˫¶뼤֮ɫ


1565 Ϻ
ǸʱȸһǣٹΪߵʿҲԪӤѡŮĿ׷Ũ뿪ȸѾܾãʱļȴԺ޷ǡ
˵ջڼеʿҲһЩǰɫ¶
ȸǣĹ硭˼ﳤߵĻԻ͡ʿ̾
Ҿǻٹʿٹ䣬òڱѣʣչһ֮ĽսŮǰƸֳһĻĻɱ
ǷɣǸʱܻʿȴѾո¶ͷǣ˵֮ޣ֮ͬҲϰ١Ůᣬصջڡ
仰һʱʿķ׷׻Ȼ
Ϊնɱͬʿϰ٣⡭⼸ܣ
ûʲôܵģҵ֮˿󡣡
ΪԽͣ໥֮Ĳྡܲ󣬿ʿʩչͨ뷨ȴǼΪޣû뵽Ǹʱ֮ǿѹƺ֮սУתǬ
֮УƿջİӣӺߵǺʿǰżĺʿ¶Ͱ΢ЦһҪվݵĺʿ°ϡ
ʦ𡭡ʿʮ¶һƬհףֵĳ̫ͻȻʹʮûκǰԤϡ
꣬֡
ٺ߲ʽֱҪȥȸǼ츸ĸԴ
;ܵʮǹϢˡ
ǰȻɳʮɫ¶οǵõ֮أһοʮʱһĻĻԷļ㣬Էģһǧȥɡ
⺢ӣԽԽ֮ʱˡ̾ʮȫϢȸʱΪơ
ʮҪ˵ȴҡͷ㲻ٿڣüĿ͸Ŀ빧ȴǼΪŨ
˵ʦ𣬸ĶˣһԷı䣬ֶ£ǻҲ°㡣
ʮʮ
ǽս֮УûϢҼǵӦ׼뿪ٹǰһ桭Ůڣʹ֮ƽϢ
ûע⵽֮ǰ߽İ꣬ȫעȻŮӵĻȥ
˵Ľһᵤʿ׷ɱ£뵽ȸǵһΪΣյĵطħŮ죬˼ջڻơ
ŮӵĻƱһںҲţ¶΢Ц˻䣬ǵĽǽᵤʿ׷ɱʱĿ뿴Լȡ
ʮƺΪʦ
ᵤʿߣǽᵤʿɻţȻҿȥ׷ɱţΪҲȻ߲ȥǷмᣬϷҲҪɱ
û˷𣬱ҽĴеѣ
ܹǵ׷ɱޣʲô֣
ˡٺұûмֻ˵һֵʿȸһˣԹ֮ޣʱһԪӤʿɱšŮҡͷڡ
ʿܶлǵһ˵£׷׳Ĭǿĵķھһ֮ʹǳ˿Գܡ
صԹһȸ֮£ԹѪɺӡѪɺӣԪӤʿȫСȫһڡ
ûи֮ʣǰǵĳȫȫйӵټѪ֮ˣУǸʱԹѪɫġŮӵᣬɴʿУȴ侳һ㣬ܵһɱ¾ޡ
ģƺմñնݳκκ󻼣˳ʱһ˻
ֳĬһһںžƣбʮһһĵһֵĹ£ͬĬ
ãŽбѩޣ
ԪӤСޣȷɱšҲʿЩ̫ͬ
ߣǷ֮ȫľ֮£ϷòΪ
˵ĵУŮӵص
һںȸɱ֮ƣº̧ͷԶˣĵҪȥݣȥһ
߰ɡվſջȥʮ¼öʯϣ
йط£ҲֻǴţлԳΪȸ֮ջѡȥȸϣĵػŮ˵ţȻʶתջ֮š
ĿԹʮֵıӰһ١
ˣЩϤ
ǿջתͷһעĿŮ˫ۣ¶һ˿΢ЦҡͷУ˳ȥ
ʮ棬һͬ뿪ջ
Ůһиֵģȫǰ֮˵ЦݣԽԽϤԽԽ֮صӰ
ǡŮ𶯣ЩţһƬհףΨЦԽԽԽԽ̣Ҫڳһ

ʦ㣬ôˣԱߵķŮӿԷɵ˼£ʦĿȥȴֻζĸ
ܵʿҲ׷׿ȥɳǸ΢Ļζ⣬ûκӰ
ûʲôŮӣ֣Ϻ硣
ʶİɢļ˿ڶ󣬳ĬƬ̣ڵ飬˵˳¶һ˿΢Ц˵Ź£ֻ︡ͷʱϵЦݡ
ⷻϣһߵɽ嶥ɽХҪȥӵ졣ɽۣ֮վʮϥء
ʦʮԸң
ʮյĵһӣҲǸʱġᣬʮɫǺͰ
ʮͷֵĿ⣬һ˿ֶ˵ʦ縸
ҪɳԷ꣬ȥغƵǷ³Ϊ̤ƶ֮ϵһ㣬֮ǰĺܺáʮļ
ʦ𡭡ʮҪ˵ȴҡͷϡ
ʮֵĵӣұӻֻ֮ޣֵĵӣҪһ֮ģҪս캳صļᶨģʮڡ
ֵĵӣҪ֮Ҫξ֮ϣ޾£ȥ˵ͽ
ʦ𣡣ʮɫصĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ۸㣬ôΪʦҲӽͽ֮ȥչʮԼĵ·ֶӣΨʮ࣬ϣҲǷࡣ˵ţ̧ʮͷһġ
ܴˣû˵ھǻ˵𡭡ȸóֵʱ򣬴ҾͻȻȻĿˡʱ䣬Ҳûȷ


1566 ӵ
һεĲԶΪģɽΪ˷ȥص⻷βƾأɺƵ֮
һ£ְıԴ򣬻һʮУ
Ҳ㷨ֻһűԴ֣֮
ʮһԺһ£һɫӺȻ۶ɫӣֶ̺ڻ𣬶׵ĴɸڵϢ
ڣֵ̺ѪʶɫΪ
һӣԿĳ̶ȣһƽ٣£ְ͸һӣʮ
ΪʦˡĿʮһۣȡ˹תһȥɢȫӰ˲䣬תͷ翴һĿ⣬·ʮص˵ͷ
ʲôȥֻҪΪԵԼģô㴳֮ҲΪʦӦȥһϲŮӣҪһ
ʮҧŴˮ£ĬĬʦԶȥ˾Ÿͷ
ĬĬǿУҲȥǧ£ƺѾϰݹ¶ϰһǿ貵ƣϰһȥȥƷζǷ˵ļį
Ѿϰˡ
ûмĿڣǷ˴ռ䣬άų֮ıΨؼʱգſá
ֲܲԸȥ
ٳɳһЩ챻ץĹҲڴռڷӡûеʹõʱ
Ӧһû
ǿ֮УԭǼžģͬҹΨʿ֮ʣкȻ֮ص˿̣ⰲǿ£Զһһȥ
ٶȿƻʵÿһ޾룬سɴأûʲô
ɽ磬ûȥ룬ʱ䲻ˡɽ߹ֻͷһۣתȥҪȥǷӽӻء
ڣһԵλãһƬտУһǣǲȸһ߼ǡ
ܻЩСǣԶԶȥǰ
Ϊ˵ؿտԵʣʿࡣ
˿̣ϣһǳڣ죬󣬴ĺɨأһǳڣƴһЩʲôԶԶȥˡ
һСǣھסķֵ࣬ϡ٣ΨһЩǰĻӣ紵ʱҡԵЩ
С̯ڹսС֧ţƴ󶼴Ź˴̸о֮Ǵĺܶ࣬Ϯʱܸ⡣
ɳɳ֮ƣЩڿή֮еĲҶ紵ŽֵǰܻţһЩҶ͵⼸С̯ǰǼεסƿԶȥˡ
ЩҶڱ紵дӵ𣬴Žֵһ趯žһһ˵ϡ
˱ڴҡڵǰߣж˸棬¶֮Ц˵ʲôʹǴҡ֮ΪģЦ
ЦǺϵҶϣֹһϣǲҶ£ڵϺݺݵ¡
һ߲ȣһ߻ڵ
ССҶҲ⣡ߺߣʰ㣡ʮϢֱһз紵ǱĲҶߣ˲ǿݡ
ǷӡĶˣ룬Ѿϰ˷ӵľٶ˴໥ۡ
ôָǱʲôɡգգۣҶߣ봫
ձķķ裬ῴүľǡ°ͣص
Եͷжϣӣıӣ̵˲ٵĺô
뵽æ¶ģǰΪǷ򣬶ݺݵĶǷߵҶ˵ǣ۸үүҪСȥץһ£
ǷӴһӣЦˣŹССҶˣСӣ˵СģȥңҪñ⣬Ŷ
һͣʱ˫ð⣬ΨԱߵɿһɫƽƲΪ
ү֮ǰЩ㶼ϣǻ˺ܴѪҵһһһ⣬û˵꣬Ƿ̧һҧֱӱѪҺڳһ
˰ɡ
ɫ˷ܣСİǲϵѪŪ£æͷ
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ǷӵļУߵֵĩˣһҵ̣һڡ
Ƿ̽Źϣ˫ӡźתæ˹ȥ
ôô鷳ûٽǰ洫Ƿӵ
̺Ժһ󣬴ǴֲڣȻǸողû̫áվǴ⣬
һģ˫ֵЦү¶ĥôСΪҵĿһʿһΪʵʿԭϣСĻ˺ܶഽǿͬ⣬ݸ߹֪ȻҪһЩ
Ƿһͣ죬ֹôˣûһγɹģߣҪǲɹͲˣ˵ô棬Ķʲôû
ٺһЦɫ¶æ˵һү֪˸ζ󣬶ȻСԾûа١ֻҪСʯడ
Ƿֹԥһ£ٴҧָһѪӸв૵ѪǺܱģ˭˭˭
ûӵԴǣżһѽסѪСĵʹ˸ɫɫƽҲ֪ʲôǷûעоͿ˴󣬹âһʧ
һɽڣ󷨹â˸˳֡
ûãǷӵٴκ¡
ôд󣬱ˣҲ֪ιȰâһɽƽ
Ƿӵ£˺ɽ壬ƽԭأȵʮദطȫ½д֮â˸ǷӵԽӾ
жٸ󣬱Ĳˣˣ۸ˣ̫ˣҪʦ
仰ãһĴԣһҲƤһʹɫӣƱһ仰˵ӡȻ׳Ӱʦ֮¡
ҲһӼɷǣ˿æ˵һһҪʯȥͿԿСˡ
˿̣ǿڣһƬƻصУӰɨһǰǣͻȻüͷһ壬¶⡣
֣


1567 ʲôû
һɽݺ֮أ㣬ɽ´ïܵĴ֣һۿ߼ʣϸܵҶǰҲڸǣʹ·괦ڳʪ֮С
Ƭɽһ·壬˷岻ߣͬƣԶԶȥɽһ㣬ģ塣
һʮɫ󷨹âͻȻ֮ǹ·͸ǹâɽ壬Χ˸
ǹâϢ΢
ɽڣȻһⶴһƬ谵͸ɭ֮С
ڵһǹâǴӴڴ˿̹â΢УڳӰǷһС
ǷգգۣŶͷ૵ҪѱԺˣ̵ģģ
ǿ˷ܣæ߳󷨣ɿһŷӰЦүˣȵţȥС׼ûС
ǷһС֣ʱͲԺˣ˫һֺãҪû˵ôãҪǱ⣬Ŷ
󷨣һ˦ӲԶһʯΣԱߣͬ¶֮Цŷºվ
һУػͰյļΪǷΪԱ
֣ͣڷԱߣɫ˫Ϸϣͷ
ǷӵƬ̣ɻۣ룬ͷãȻ˵ûˣô죿
үʹͣû̧ͷǱֶ
Ƿһ£૵˼¾ҪʹͣѪǺܱģǸ˭˭˭
û˵̧꣬ͷŷӣɫأүʹͣ
һŭǲ
Էӵɫ糣үǺ󣬳ԵģõģģȵһжŪ˲ʯ
ǲǷӾܻȴС˲١
ڷǳʹõӵҲ»ȡһʱˣ¶ĺ죬˵
Ҳû١ǴȥġԽԽС
үһʮ죬ʯʮӾŰٰʮүҪҪ¸ϸһ¡ŷӣƽڣվһʱʵϸ˵
Ƿ۾ЩңʮܾúûʲôֻģóԵģͻȥŪ
˿һʱгɵöͷð
ȻˣзԸǶչүⱾӦõ飬үҲС֮ˣֻʱûʯˣүıʲôģС뻰һת
԰ȥС죬ҵСҪС֮ˣһҲСȥСȥҪˣСжСϡǷʶĨĨͷ
үܺˬȻ°װ׸ô࣬Щʯʲôģ˵ǧȫ͸үˣҲȥСҪˡҡͷ̾һߵһԲ˵ǰĶʯڷûӡ
ǷһӣӺЩⲻȥͷ룬ҧָ⣬ʹļһѪݸ롣
ǺˣһǺˣСܺˬ㣡ǷʹǴȵ˵
ѹżӹѪޱ飬л
ԽˣǷӾԽǾԼƿǷʲôҧ֮Լ߰˵Ѫͳͳݸ롣
Ӳ˷֮Ҳ޷Σŷһݡ
ʱǰ涴ڵĹսǴ˳ٽߣЦүС׼ˣҪǾ͹ȥ
Ƿһ⻰ʹ˷ܵͷ
ٺһЦӵĿ⣬ٿһƶıأһͬӵŷӣ򶴸
ǶڲһƫſһɫĹĻ赲ֻģƫڣϥһˡ
үСӾأȥɣСĶšƫſںһЦ˵
Ƿһ⣬ͺ˼ҪƫȻתͷɫصʵ˵ô棿
һؿڣͷСĴӲ˵ѣүȥԾ֪ˡ
Ƿ¶˷ܣתֱĻڣ뵽ƫУһ۾Ϳ˲Զϥһ£òΪӢһʿ
Сӣ߱ʲô֣Ŷ
ƶӡüͷһ壬俪ڡ
ƫ⣬˫֣ɫ˷ܣЦƭֲ֮ǰǼʮǾ͵õ˲ѪҺģԼ֣
΢΢һЦҡͷⲻʲôƭ֣Ϸƭ֮˿ûʲôӣΪǹ֮ԸǣȻҪһЩ˿
Լ򵥣֮ǰܵƭ֣ãţһһΣϷһ򵥵ģ©ٳȴЧ
һЦͷҪץʱˣºмطҪȥһЩƺ󣬲Ȼɷǻһ֪һʵҲǼΪ£˵һʱȡһöһ顣
˲䣬ⶴڵĴâǹâУʮʿЩʿһɷͷһŮӣŮһ˪ֱ
˫¶΢ЦһߵƫſڣһĲҽС
үãǷӵĵѰˣ˵ţһ֮¶ήңֱӵһԡ
ؿһģѪ
Ů޺һʮˣֱ˺ƫĻ
ĻڣǷڷӶ棬ãȻĴȺʿ
㡭ҪʲôǷ¶֣ڻ֪Ϊλˡ
죡ǾȻɳ飡ŮĶŷӣЩʿһŭĿӣƫվ
ʲôҲûиɰҡҾʲô֡ҡǷӼˣæ⡣
ϥڷӶĺ꣬¶֮ɫߵһԣĬ
ݵýƱ磡ѪʮװĻұɱǣŮ¶񣬴һ˦ʮ˷ǰһָͱ˴ϲɫήзĲҽС
үùңߣ
ͬȫѪܣĻȴİһת̲ҽ
үű۵ģүˬҪǡ
˵صˣ˷֣оͬʱǵϢ߳һ£¶Ӱ
룬˺ôĵӣܺãܺ


1568 ʰū
Ļͬ磬˵ĴУ˫ͫ͵һӾ֮ɲǼһƬհס
Ӳʶתһ֮£ɢͨһ͹˵ϣɫ԰ףֱһѪһѪǱų
ƭֶ࣬˿Ҳûа˼ӣſҪ˵ЩʲôֵĿ£ȴ˺ĿֱӴ͸ԪֻһͷͿԪ
ĿĿ£̺һɱͷƤ飬ŵƳưͣ˵κλֻܹﲻϵؿͷ֮ͷһƬѪܶûа⡣
ԭڵ⣬ĲҽУ˲䣬ȴȫһϤǳǳϤ־ɷ֮
ڴķŭ䣬弸ҪɢʹˣɫһƬҰŵЩ̱ήתһͿһϮĿ֡
һ֮£ҪȥֱӾ͹˵ϣ¶ﵽ˼޵Ŀ־֮ɫ
ӣ˰죬̾ĲҽԳǣ˿̵Ŀ־뺦£˳
ҽͣ²㿴¡Ͼʱ̫˿̾ܿ־嵽˼ޣɻǱҪǿϲ٣˵һ˵ţһ߹֣ȥסֵȰ
ͻȻıʣʿʮɷʿתڿֵһɲǣʱͱĿƴ͸壬ĺ£ʮʿѪһ¶Ȼ־塣
Ůͬɫ԰ףѪ˺еľִﵽ˼ޣ֪Է˭ӶԷϴǹѹȴѵĸоʦ𣬾һǿߣڴǰͬһ㡣
㡭˭Ů޲кˣﶼ޷ݵĿ־ѹŤ
˶һ˲վڷ籩ǰĲоǷ籩أ̺һɿֲһϢǷ籩£СֻһͿȫ
վԶĺ귨ӣɫ԰ѪֵĿ⣬ȴڴƬ̺¶ϳ֣ȴЩš
Ƿûѹߣֺ̾ίĿУֱӾͳˣԽܵߣִ
۸ңʲôûɣСӽʲô֣ʲôûɣ˵Ҫܺ棬һûǾͽˣʲôûɡǷԽ˵Խί۴
ľĮĿҼǰҪڣ̧һָ
һָ֮£ʱҽڵ֮˼͸ӵ֮кһײʯϣײɲǣʯнƹâһʹٴβҽб
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һΣ׵׵ˣֶ֪꣬ԷĺɷǶ֣ƾ׽г
ӣӣΪΪѪ㻹ǵȸǾħô㻹ǵáҽмΪһ飬ȫ˵˳
Լ˵ˣǾû˳ڵĻᡣ
һУղһָͲǷΪǽ꣡кԣҪƴǷӣȻΥ죡Դ˵Щ飬վãֱضɱ֮
ĿɨֿǻڲϿͷ룬ɱһ
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룬ǰһָָХֱӾϣһѪ˵׳֮⡣
ܴ󣬴˹ڣ컯ȡҲˣΪūǧֵ꣡ĻﴫУЦ˿ڴͷ˵Խܡ
𣡣Ƿ𣡣ʱǺʿӣżȣ̺ԭȷ˵ȸǻȸƺ󣬶ʱްɣֱȭһݡ
仰ﴫɲǣʿһʱ¶ţпֱɫУ׷ױȭһݡ
μ𣡣
ŮһУ˫۳羴һ㱧ȭݼԷӵĻＫΪΣҲֻзӵ־ѹ
ĿɣǺһۣڡ
ң
꼫Ϊæǰ˵ھסһʱ䣬ƺһսҲʿУңңļ֮ǰҲӵƺ򣬶ڷӣģ֪
˵ţһķӣɫ¶ҪʲôջԳڡ
ֳĬɨⶴʮһۣһ֮£Щʿ˺ܴѹһŵŵͷɫ
£²Ϊ֮ƽĿڣһ˦룬ŷӣһƬƻصⶴڣʧӰ
ֱ뿪󣬶еʮʿŸ̧ͷǵĺȻ亹ʪ˴໥˿¡
ӣɵĺ£ôܻᱻӣ㡭Ҳұ̰ģȻ飬ȥıƭһӡǷɫΪʧ֮ĳ˻⡣
ȳ羴֮ˣֹһεĻ𣬵ôҲû뵽Ȼ֮ʱֻǣȴ˵ĳϣ˵¶С
ŮͬɫҧгݵˡպҶҪһش£
ǿУǰȥȻ봢ռ䣬õЩɫѪҺҲȡ˴롣
Ƿһίੲݣһε飬Ӽ伫Ϊ̡
նն񰡡ʯӺҪǳǳҪԺʯӣһҪϸ㣬һһ㶼һһ
Ҳûϵε飬ӵԸЩĸı䣬Ƕʯһӵкĵĳ̶ȣ˷ָ
ŷ󲻶ϵ߶ֵȻȻƽͷ˷һۣľöԷӣǿе੣ƺһˡ
һڽ̫ǳֻһΣԵˡ
ҡͷһЦԼ뷨Щڻȥ£ȸǵķ򣬻ȥ


1569 ȸ
ǿһƬƽͬڵĺ޷ʱĳ˯ǵǹ۾һһģ˼֮ꡣ
û֮ʱ˸۾Ŀбģһɱ˼ĵ׾þòɢΪһ̾
ʿҲˡҲҲлֵĲᡣ
۸ңͷ̫ˣҪСԣҶȻҲȲȲȣҪ
Ǹ룬Ȼƭңߺߣƭ³ܲңΪūǧ̫ˣҲҶҲȲȲȣҪǷӸֺ棬ٴ߶ظһֶ֮ȥ
ֵĿԶǿգû˿Լ˼Ӳˣһ󣬾ȻȦһȦһߺУ˼ֲһ
ĬĬǰţȸǣԽԽˡǱ۾Ҳҵȸǣͨйأģȴȸϣ걯֮顣
ӵ֮ԽӾңһ·ϼûаͣЪҲۣϵȦ
ҶҪȥȲȲȣ
ˣظǧֵ˼ɹĴϣ̧ǰһץͰԼתȦķһץסͣǰ
һЩǷӣڡ
ӱץţ۾֣Ҷ
üͷһ塣
ҲܣҪǱҶҶҶϣͬһڸĸǰҪߵĺͯĺ
ʵͿǵ뷨ƭ֡ƽ˵
ûпǷһ㶣һתæҡͷҡͷĶͬһ淲亢ͯĲ˹ġ
ִĿһۣɿץӵ֣ǰȥ
ѪҺǷ֮ѪҺһ֮󶼲ѪҺΣ
ƭ㣬ҲͬƭǣְϷĪǻҪǰʹòɡ£һƽ˵ĳͷ㹻ˣĪҪ߶ֱŷӣ촫
Ƿգգۣɫ΢죬ٺɵЦ˰죬ֹ૵ôˣܱƭˡҲȷб£ǰѱƭˣߣ̫ˣڱԼѪҺܱ󣬵Ǹ˭˭˭
ֹУԶæܹȥ׷ϡ˰ɻĿ֣֮ǰڤڸոճʱĸоϸܵ
һ·Ĭûп˵仰ֱǰһΪŨڻ״̬µǣ
ǲǿҲֻһСǶѣڿǵɲǣֵӣ΢һͣ
ĬĬǣϤӡеļ磬ֵǰĸ˺ܶףһϤˣȸǵһ
ϵ꣬Ũˡ
˷ǣⱾµĴָܣǺŲҲ˸ı䣬Ѿ˷ǿԱǳΪ˷ǡ
ȸǣڴ⣬һƵ󷨣ɢ˷ʱ̶תһƬƣǿڻص
ּǵãʱû󷨡
ȥʱ䲻ʮѡ֮̾ǰһһȥӸ󣬺ȸǡ
߼䣬ԶǿվͷХȸǷȥ⼸ĸʿһŮһ٣ɫų羴ͬʥһһֱȸ󷨷ȥ
ȸˣǷĹ磡ĵڵʿٽ󷨵ɲǣɫأﴫ
ȸǣмĪҪǣҽڵʥأפ˺ܶͨϹ֣Ϊػǣ߶ʿæͷȸǵĿ⣬Ϊ羴
ֻУߵȸ⣬ĸʿԼɵľ룬ڵȸǣɫꡣ
Եķһ·Ǽįɻ룬İֹ
ʵһԱҲУĿһɨ̾Ϳˣ˫۶ʱһ
Сӣ߱ǵķŶ˫ð⣬ֱ̧̱ĸʿк
ͻأĸʿһ㶣ŮӣʶĻͷһΪԶʿ١
ͷʲôû˵㣬˵ߵСӣСǣǽɶǷһ˷ܣĺ
˻һ⣬ʱɫˣĶŷӣ¶⣬Ҫ˵֮ʱüͷһ壬ֹ̧˵ӵĻûпǷӣĿ˷ԣʼȸ¶׷ϡ
λѣҲʥ磬ʥأԼһͬ飬ĪҪʧͳ˵꣬ٲȥһۣǴһ˦һȸ󷨡
ӷ׷׻ͷݺݵص˷һۣ꣬һա
Ӿ죬¶ί֮ɫֹ˵־Ͳ˵ﻹɱҲֶֻѡ
ɫ糣ǷӼһģͬ󷨣ûֱȸǣѡ󷨽롣
ȻؼˣҪŽȥбܿĵ
ߴǰ󷨵ɲǣйâ˸Ƭ̼߳ˣߣӰƮ죬Ŀ磬ƽĿǽ󷨵ˡ
Ϸٺõǵӣˣ˳ʥʥʹ󷨣ҵȽ롣ɫأ˫ֱȭӰһݡ
ȸǶԽʿţ֪Ӱһˣڡ
֪ܴȸκһܻٻȸκһȸϣֻͣգߵͷ
Ŵ˻֮Ӱͬʱ˫һӣʱ󷨹âɢһнݣȻûչǰڲңңȸӡ
һȭɫ羴ȵӣ̤Ͻݣ
ִŷӣƽϽݣһͬȸȥ
֮ӰûֹĴǷӼֱۣʧںһüͷһ塣
ܸоЩ죬ʲôط
ףҲָоҲˣôҲ벻ʲôطʿ
˳Ƭ̣ҡͷӰɢȸҲƽâ΢ֱ١
˳ǽݣƬֵ̺ǰȸǣչ¶ǰµǽݣȻȸһɽһͬݷҡ


1570 ҶѰ
վϣֿ·ȸǣѾİˣɽҲı˲٣ϡûӡ
һƬ⣬ȴŸ߿֮紵ؼ䡣
棬ôŪ˺ÿ㿴ǻиɽ񣬹ɽĲðֲ̫ˣûб˺áǷ֣Ц
ǰʦͽԭɫׯ࣬վǰʯһݣǷӵĻЦ⣬ӷ׷׻ͷŭӣ¶ġ
ɽӵɽ壬˷ȸ֮壬Դ֮ͨӲɽΪ壬ճһ޴ĵһ۵ʿʿ֮һѾ޴Ŀ츫̧ͷ죬ɫ͸һεϣҪһ
֮ɽ·һȸǳʥʿڵһʱ俴޴ɽ̤ʱߵ͵Ĳ࣬žԽԽѹ߶ȵԭԽԽǿʿ𶯣ǰͬĤݡ
̣֣
ƺһսʱ֣
ֻ沿֪Ϊģһ˺ѿϸ
Ƿƺһսնɱȸ棬گ˺վǷȱڴһ֮Կʿʹ˲벽Ӣˣ߻͸ɣʹӻعͷŵΰݡ
һս󣬷֮ڽںպգ֪ȸǣҽʿԷɣڼͨǰ£ȸ̩ͬУɽ壬˷񡣡ߵص
ĬĬŵҡͷ̾һǵãﵱɽȸȸʥأȴǸıˡ
ָı䣬ֲԸǰһŷԶԶȥʧʦͽ˵ǰֱԶһ꣬Ц
˴֮ˣҲʥ磡
ͬŶ˵ͷŭֶԶȥıӰ
ȸǿڳѷȻᱻͷҿǵʱǱϳǡ
ȥ·ĴأԽӵİİɫΪ¶صһжˣֻģɣıĳ£ȴԵôļįƧ롣
̫࡭Ѿû˼ҵĸоֳĬŬȥѰһ˿ϤֻĿڴأǰУȴʼտ
ȸϣ֮ǰҲѾȫı䣬ȸǵʿΪһȣҲǴӵĲӣΪȸǾŴš
Ŵţռȸǵľ󲿷ֵ
ǰе֣˵ڣջڼڣڵڣѾǡ
ɽѾʧΪһĸ¥һɡ
˾ͽϱѣһ첻İԵԴǣֶ߻ص£ȴҲκϤϢ
ľħ壬ǰУĿڣҲıˡħڵĵ򣬳ΪһƬԭǲԭϻһЩķˣż򵥵󻶿ĸУȺߡ
Ⱥڻмֻ׳˶Ĵ󹷣ܼʱȮͣںĸУȴûκεĲгһƻ
Ҳˡİ䣬ãȻڻȥ󣬺ĳĬֵܴıӰϿŨŨĹ¶ģҲˡ
ѩֵ֮ǰİѩװعһĴأ˿Ҳûˡ
ѩڻΪһƬïܵĴ֣Ҳû˵һ˿ӣǵһǳأҲƵΪڴڣ֮еķ档
һͬģһķ˶ǣֽʱ⣬һţķ˺ͯһкۼ
·Ĵֵ֣ĺܣ˵ĸоãѾԼļˡ
ȸǣҲκϤˡ
ûϤֻʣ˻䣬ͬһ֮ʱص˼ȴһжôİİİİҲˡҡ
֮ǰҲصȸǣҲ˸ı䣬ȴû츲һ㣬ı̫ͻȻˣ޷ҲȥӦȥɢʶȥһӿȸǵȫȥԹȥĸĹǰ
İ¶Ӱӣֻʣ˻䣬û˼ҵļį
ͬȥĽסħɽȥǴܰɽȣ¾ЩҲʧȥˡ
·Ĵ֣ĬĬڣҪѰʲôǴּ䣬ǰҶӭ⣬һǳصĲк
ֻСǳӲݵĳǳزкڣһ̮ڴֵĵЩСܵ˾ţ׷ܿ
ǳزкڣѰţһ˿ϤķҪץסһ˿ϤƬ̺һ˿ϤȴŲкǰһ޴ӣӣǸոϤסֵ
ã̾ת߿ˡ
ȥħħȻˣ꾡ɢɻž޴أ񾹱Ϊ˾Ŵһڵɽ
ǵĽסɽȻҲѾûˣһУдʹȥһɽȥһӴȥһ۵ĽѪĵط
Ȼת
֪ģоܰĽȥɽȣҲ㳤ĵط
ֻǣҲѾĨƽΪһںƯֻȴ̵ָʹ
Ҳûˡ
ȸǵֱ仯ȵҪȸǣҪģ
ֻ֪Ĺ磬ҪһʥأȴףʥأǿնģҪô
һֻڵĸҲĸ֮ޣһͨͨˣһǳ˷ҲȻʵССʿ
ֻҪһңҪһԼܹƽܹĬĬĻĹ磬ֻȥһ˿һϤϤǧ޵ůһů
ůΪݳޣҪңһ·ȴҲһ㡣
¶įתãķӣΪʲô
ͦƯǺǡǷɵЦ
ֳĬգ֮̾һǰһȥŷ뿪ȥȥҿġļңԹ
У·Թģ
ûб䡭
ǰǷܵ޾˿ֻ̣һص˼ӣֻһҪϤۼˡ
·ԹڣһĸʿͬҲ
˵أǷ곤ĵطˡǲϵص


1571 Ҷи
ﳤ󣬴˵ΪԹȸǣʥأɣָǰԹߵӻ˵
˵ǰԹ߾һƬ˸ĹââɻԹܣΪһ󷨡
ãֹ˽ȥ
ȸǣǾŴֻҪϰιۣΨžʿ̤벽ȸ̩֮ȸǱΧʱһҪ
κεطԶΨԹһһľվڹĻ⣬ƽ
ɫ羴ǹĻڵԹأԶϡɼɽ壬ĬĬԹȭһݡ
ǲԼԹʿܵصĳͷ߻ĿһתͷԶ⣬콵ٵֶˡ
һ֮·׷ײͷһ۾ͿǷӣʱŭЦ
ȸǾܲ󣬿ᷳȴܿ
˴ײʵ񡣡
Ƿͬˣ¶˷֮ɫǿĵ˴
Сǣּ˰뱾ԵŶΪǵԵ֣Ŷ
ûĬĬԹǰģ£ķˣ˵ǰȥؽӽԹĹĻ
ڷӵߵĵ˷׷¶ŭʦԣȥԼӽѵ
üͷҪʱȻɫһֱĶ֣־ԹԽԽҪȥƿһ
ɫһ߲Ƿӣǰһֱȥг
λѣԹʥأ磬ҵ̤룬أ߻׺𶯰˷֮£Ƿһ
ӵ˫ߣʱ
̵ģŵˣҪңŵˣ
ţûǹĻ󷨣еֻԹһ·ҵϤоǸоԽԽߵһС
һ֮£ȻٽǹĻ󷨣ʱ󷨵һƬƣɢǰĹĻϳһ޴һڼٻʹǲԽԽңպȻԹ󷨡
ֹɫ䣬˼һֱ֣Ҫȥֵֹжִ˷ΪȻð˷磬Ҫܵصĳͷ
ȻһҪֹ
ٶȻһЩٽǰһϢǰгͶ֮··ֻδڣ͵ķֿ¶һ޴ѷȱڡ
ֵӣʼûаͣ٣˼֮ģѰҵϤ֮ĸ˼ȱԹ
̤ϤƬ֮ϣ
кһһԥͬѷȱ׷롣
ôĵӣƿԹ󷨣˽ԽԹѾ˴ò˶ñͷ㣬ϷȻð𣡡
һΣȱںֱǰ׷ȥ
󷨱ַֿһɲǣȸϼеĴͨʿ׷ײɫһУʱŭ
Ҵ磬
ϷҪ˭˵ƿԹ󷨣
һȸǰ˷ХֱԹͬʱԹŴڣŵǿϢ𣬴ɭ֮⣬Թ
ƿԹǿн룬ȸ˵һԵĴ£ð˷֮£һˡͷ֮£
⣬ߵɫͣȱڣֽǵʦ׷˹ȥһʱ֮Щ֪롣
Ƿ֣˫¶˷֮ɫһߴţһ߳ȱڡ
档һһƬ¾̤ȱڡߵԥһ£˴໥˿ҧ֮ͬȥ
·ϤļԺڵĴɽӣԶǺɽ壬ɽǧǰĸ¥ϤĸоԽӵ
ɡϷɬǰ߳һһ֮£²ƻصȻʧ
ʧɲǣ׷ɫ˫ͫ͵һ
سɴ磡ΪұͿ͸û뵽Ȼسɴ֮Ƿ磬ͨʿפأ˼ΪٸҲӳͷĿһʶɢǰһΣºȻҲвƻصȻҲʩչسɴ֮
ɽ£һƬ֮⣬һɽ塣
ɽȻı䣬Ϊһǳأǳǳص֣ǡһ֮ǰʱѾ֪ǳڣȴһϷӣһ㣬ûб仯
Ϸӣ䵱ļҡ
˼ϷܣһԺԺһϷأĬĬƵȴӵĹ
ϷڣˣܼΪ
ⰲУֵӰϢĳԺڣǷǰǷ飬еģˮĬĬ
ᣬĹǰ
ʱļû統Ժ˿̵ƣУڸĸĹǰ᲻ϵ£Ƿ飬񱯰Уȴƽ
ģԼͣЪ
һУûб䣬һУһļңļҡ
̧֣Ĺǰƣ氼̵ֵ֣ᣬԽԽˡ
صȸǣΪҪڸĸĹǰôصȸǣΪҪڸĸǰһô
صȸǣΪ丸ĸô
ȸǣְļ䣬Ըĸ˼һһУÿÿƣ֮Уÿÿ֮ʱǣơ
Ҷиʱȥл꣬걯˼ס
ʲôԲҪֻҪǻšƽһžۡʲôԲҪֺܾúܾûһ˿
ģ˼ˡ
ʹĿⰲڣþòɢ
ˣиĸ˫ȥıʹоµпɢƷƵʵϣȴǱ˹У˭ǡ
ԽԽֱʹĸоҲصԽԽһͷųǱɾ죬ǰܶأ
飬ʶ֮Ϊˣ
㾹ҴʾӡʱϷգһƬƻص䣬һɫ˫Ŀŭ⣬ط𣬷Ĺð
˿׷һ۾ͿǹĹǰ֣ϵˮľĿʱȥ
һһƬ䣬֪ʲôط֪Ļ˭֪ؼ䣬ֻһ˲ʸʸĹǰʹʧ
Ĺǰ֮ˣеһ仰ȫһĿ¶޷ŵĻ
ˡĹƿ˵վԼǰůĿ⣬ǧǰԽûаɢ


1572 
ûвߵ٣ĹڷǰĹ䣬⴫Уȴһ˿˿£ů
ˮ˳յڵأǷĹϣʪĹڻȥ˸ĸϡ
ееůˮϵʪɢʹǸĸ֮һ˲ںϳΪһ塣
ںϣ͸һ˵ζ
֮ϵߣ㶵һУը죬һ²⣬²⣬¶˼
ʸǰ֮ˣʸĹǰ֮ˣʸ˵֮ˣؼΨһǾǷ
ֵڣһƬ֮ǷĹãȻ֪᲻ϵ£Ĺϵĸĸ֮
߿ȥȴǵ֪ǲǴǰֵȻһ黯ŮӰ
ӰƷһͻɢӵһͷӣȴԸܵϴͬı
ĬĬվֵԣǷĹͬ
ԶԶһۣõŮ֣Ƿһ㣬ǵĸĸĹǰݡ
תۼ䣬Ҳ࣬ߵĿ£ٴγһõӰӰһ꣬꿴Լʮ꣬òȻּΪơֵɲǣߵ֮Ӱ֣һŮӡ
ǷĹɫ֮һͬ¡
һĻһĿڣܰͬʱȴҲһĪĿɬɢ
ʱԶкХ֮صȴǷӹЦ٣׷
˲ϷӵϿա
ŭȸһٽ̾ͱʦһ˦ֱӰ˾ߣ˫һ֮£ֹͣ׷׵ͷڵͷ˲䣬ȴǿ·ڷĹǰ֡
ǷܳԶͷһû˼׷ɵͷһ·ϷԵԺڣֹڲԶܵǰȴһת˼Ȧԣ֮Ӱ
һУţĬĬĹĹڸĸϵס
һ̣ϦĽ£Թ󷨳˾ҵ˸ȴ֮ǰӦ󷨲ȸͨʿ˿̻ʮХת۾ͳڣ뵽Թֱ֮ض
գһ̻ǳ¶ʿ׷׳˰գ㶵·Ĺǰ֡
һЩˣȸǵıʿּ˿Ļ£ڿĹǰֺȴ̾ϳֵݣ
𣡣
֣
󾪺Щϳֵʿдһɧͬ˷籩ٵʿ׷һɫ¶𾪣޷ŵļ
ߵӣĿɿڴôҲû뵽֮ͬˣǱ̸֮ˣȻǷ
˿һƬհףȻ˼
ԶһһƬƺХת֮¾ٽ߳һˣһߣۣһͷԷµգŭ
ģǿԴϵòϣϡ̩ӡ
ߣȻȸ̩֮
·ݵ֣ɫ¶׷꣬ĬĬվãʿİУ˵һ仰
㡭ˡ
û̧ͷһֱĹ֮ڡ
ˡ
̩ˣ͸һɲɣζ䣬ߣǷĹһݡ
Ƕȥɣһ̧̩ͷУĿһɨʿвΪ߹̩ȸ֮ݣʿ֮ΪߣĻȻΪ
ʮʿĬѹżһݺǷĹһݣŴŹתȥ
֮вʿȸǣǴط٣ԸػȸǣԴ˾ط
Ҳ޷ŵĵӣͬȥ
ת£Ϸڱֻʣ̩֡ˡǷӿ˰󣬾ЩƣԹ˵ߵһԣԺǽ˫һ˯
λ׼á̩ĬƬ̣ߣһóƣԣŷĹڡ
̧Ĺ֣ĬĬ˵ϣ֮Ӱɢˡ
̫áһƺߺһڡ
ǡǺľƣϤζصһǧǰ
ҵľƣҵ˲٣ΪľǺһΡ̩
Ǹӣ˵ӡ֪һܸˡ̩ƺһںգ˵
ֳĬǰƸǵţĺӣǸʲͯ
ллֿŸĸ֮أ
лʲôȸ֮Ҳ㵱裬ֻ޷ȥֹȸǵĸı䣬˷˺ܶˣҲǺ⣬ҪΪʥأֻܱԹ̩Цҡͷһڡ
֪һ֮ˣı̫࣬İˡ̩̾
û˵һһڣһȫº̩ٴó˼ǰ
ɫִأУȴһ˿˿⡣
˾ɫŵľƣϷ⣬ֵļУĺţ˵¡
ȸӣѾԪϾգΪᡭǰһֱ˵֡
ڣΪ˾Ŵ֮һֻǵĹҲѾ½ɢˣȸǣĪ˵İңҲİˡ
֮ˣʣµѾ٣١̩žƣɫ׷䡣
ǵûٹϺôҲǺ֪оɣĸ׷ǰ뿪˵ǰٺĳɡ
Ϻĵ£ڼǰһսˡ
̩ĻĬĬغžƣһһ
֣ʵҺĽ㡭ɫԽŨһ¹ڸ߿գ¹֮£̩ЩˣĲǻꡣ
߳ȸǣȥҲңֻػ̩¶ɬ
һأһǧꡭʼ޷ǣָΪȸ֮ȥɢյıӰʱҵģ˵ĽȴûôŨ
ǵҵǸô̩һھƣ¶ˡ
Ѿȥ˶꣬һ⾳ڡӦҪֱҰȸϣÿҪ뿪ȸʱҶȥһۣĬĬһķǰȾơ̩ͷ
Ǹӣң뿪硭
û˵̩˺ҵϾƣֱ½ɢֱ߷ױߣֱ̧ͷ
֣û֮е̩һɲǣ˵һ仰


1573 ˿
žƱ̩һ仰һ٣
ǰƸֳǵ꽾һջ꣬ǺɫĻ꣬佾¶ȸϣųĹâ
һ̣ܶڵѤȴǼ֣Ҳ
ǵһҲԸӶŮӣʱȸСʿͷӵŮӣǺһУ貵ĺâĺ
ˣԶļסˡ
¶׷䣬ķ¾Ʊ̩
ڣѩѩѾɢ֮Уõɢȥˣ棬㵱ķӡйڵѩʿ񼴱㻹дߣҲɢΪ˾Ŵ֮ˡ̧̩ͷ֣ڡ
ѩɢһƬտѩڣȴǷһط̩ɫأһھơ
Ƿ񻹼ǵãʦ𡭡ʦһ٣˽֮ɡ
ֵ˵ͷ
ҷֵǸطǺ֮ʦһӡ֮أʦΪߣȴĳδ֮ȥôһӵ󷨣ڣһƺͷ̩ƽ˵
ʲô󷨣ЩΣ˫Ŀһ
Ҷ˽ⲻ̫࣬Ķߣ֪֮£󷨵걻ұˣһ֪̩֡
ŸĸķĹĿģҪݸĸ˿ûȥ˯ŵķӣ̩һͬһȥ
ȸǱһƬɽ֮أɽģһ޴ȸ񣬴ǵ֮Ҳ̩Ķ
һƬŤ£̩˻û̩ǰ·ֱӽ޴ȸڣڲǬһӴĸۡ
һʯڣֿǱ̩Ųƹ󷨣
ԼʮɴСռ˴ʯҵĵ棬ʹܷһƬǺɫ
λãһ˿⣬Ѿͣ˶꣬û˿תļ
Ǵˡ̩󷨣ɫ͸Ĳ⡣
ԺʦΪҲá
̤ڣͷĿһϸĿΪӣ̺ƣȷ̩˵ǵһʿܲó
󷨵걻ҷʱѾͣͣƾҵΪᱻˡ̩ڡ
ֵӣְ󷨺ϣʱǺ˸Ŀ֮âʹתļ
˫Ŀ¶֮ɫ֮ɿ֣뿪Ǻ˲䣬ͣˡ
һֻ괫󣡡ֳ꣬ƽڡ
ӦһΪ˾ڴԲߵʿöȷǺ֮ʦֻʦΪΪ֮±޷ƽ˵
ãһ˿ֳ꣬Ѵ˻Դ󴫳ǲ֪ᴫʲôط˿кϢ˵ûĿһ
³ϣû뵽ȸϣȻ֮¡
ʦ٣п֪˽ټѱܹ֪ʲôҵ˴ںδǰֳһƣԴߡַΪһ˿
һǺôһƻڣҲɶַܿ٣վӣ̩
̩ɫ¶˼ú󣬳ҵ귢ִȸ֮ĵ伮һ֮£ѩʿǾħһƶ֮ޡ
ֳĬ뿪ʯңվȸ֮ϣգĿ͸أããǺ
ûҲϲ֮¡˿̵ǺĳҲȸǡֻǲ֪Ƿļ䣬Ƿ񻹼ǵЩ¡ֵЩƮ죬̩ĶС
ûҲܸˡ˲ˣϣһ档̩΢΢һЦͷ̾ĳޣѾȥô꣬ɢ֮С
ҼĿһϸĻǧ꣬ȴûκδ𰸡
ˣ֪ԻһգԸô͵Ѿˡ̩ɫЩû䣬֣˵Щʲôջûпڡ
֣ĳˡת̩һȭ
̩ɫӣԥһڱȭͬʱڣ㡭Щɼü
Ѿֿ̩һۣ֮󻺻ڡ
̩ɫ԰ףɬҡҡͷû˵ʲô
ȥˡ
Ӱɢȸϣ̩һĬĬվʧķɫû䡣
üˡ̩̾ƺһڣʼһӰӰǧ꣬ʼղɢ
ţţֱɫٰ̩մЦЦ͸һɱŨŨ׷䡣
û֪һֱĽü
֣ҲǸոմ̩ɫУһ㣬˵Щʲô
ԹϷڣڸĸĹǰТ죬Уû뿪һֱŸĸķ飬žƣȹ졣
죬ֵ׵ƽͬһһȥ飬ȥڵų֮ǳ鸸ĸ뱯ڣĬĬؿźҹĽ棬䡣
Ҳ˯ѣֿʼੲݣֶߣϷ߶Ǵ˾ƺ󣬺˼ڱΪ߶ˡ
ں˲پʱһȻ˸裬ʹƽϷӣɢˡ
ڵڰ죬ڸĸǰͷһڹϢһ۸ĸĹ飬תһȥ
һεķˣٴγΪʿ
ʿ
һ֣ӷصѪȷ磡ԵģǸĸ䣬ǶթΣ
һ·̤ϴ·ͱҪȥֹͣǻͷҲֻǶݵһ˲
ȸϣһҪȥһطִŷӣȸǵУĿңңĿԶ
Ƿ嵱ڣ˷ܣǵʥʵķˣһֱҪȥ֮أ
ǷڵʮŲУӵʲôأ飬ֺܾúܾá
һΣִʼੵķӣ磬ֱӣ


1574 ʮŲ
ӣûȸǵĸıɢ̫࣬ȻЩΪȸصһط
ʱʿ̽ء
⼸ʮУһЩʿȸǣҲвڣգȴһ
û˿Խһ㡣
ֵӰǷӣ˲Ϣ⣬һۣһҪ룬Ƿȴǲˣֺ
ȥȥŲȥˣԼȥǣұͺáǷһתҡͷ˺
ֿǷһۣĿ磬÷գգۣС˲٣ɻǴҡͷ
ջĿ⣬֪ӵ˼ҪȸˣһԲҲԸΪѣ˿һͷתȥӣǰһȥ̤ʧ
ǷӼˣ¶˷֮ɫԶȥ
С֮ǰ߱ǵķ֮ǰǵɫǹŹ֣һαȥǣһ˵ְɡӵԽԽԶӰ
֮أΣܼ˶꣬ɻǼΪϤÿһڶǵã˿˸
һ·ûаͣոյһͻһʧͨһڴʱ˵ʮ㡣
ʮڣڷʮڷ˸Ĺײġ
ʮڹײĳԲλƣмһɫˮ̶ɢܡЩײ統һ͸ɭϢŵĺǣǷ档
ʮ߲ڣɫˮ̶ڣˮ̶һӡ˷ӡΨΪʵ֮󣬲пƿ޷ȥ˴ͷŵ˵ʮ߲㡣
˿̾ɵΣɫƽǰ̤һٽˮ̶ɲǣˮ̶ķӡܲסϵѹʱһһ޴С
оɫ̶ˮ¶˽һڡֽŲ£̤Ӱ
֮ʱʮ߲㣬˴˸ʬӡ˻󣬳Ϊ˵ص
ǵһĻĻּУڴ˵չһսʹʮ߲˿Ŀһɨʮ߲һƬкΨλǾ޴лڡ
ǵʮֵ߲ͨʮ˲ڡ
ڣ̾ѾߵһбļΪˣǵãʮ˲ȸķֹ֣Լ̤ʮ˲㡣
ı⣬ػ£Լǵʮ˲
΢΢ҡͷɫƽǵУ߶ʱкХ֮𣬵ȴ޷㣬ֱǺХ֮ɢֳ˵ߵ壬ʮ˲㣡
һɴСʯң
ڣΨмһ΢Ļ磬ɢĹâܵĺڰںϣԵô˵һƬ谵
ǻ˸£֮ƮڵһХһЩĻ˿һûܣҪǻ磬һٽ̱ǻ֮âɢ
ʱǻİ£һ˿Դ֮һ˿Դű꿴ǻĿ⣬Ǵؼɵ
ĬƬ̣ߵǻǰٽʯڻ谵Ļ˱ܣĲҽڻлص
ֵĵЩĻ־嵽˼ޣ˿̲˱ܵܣǰ
Ż磬̺ıԴһʵСǼΪӣǱǿںһ𣬶Ѿûκ
һˡ浽ʲôȸӵ˵ʮŲһ˿лꡭĿһ
ɷ֮ŮŮ걻طӡ֮أ棬Ͳлֱ̧꣡סǻ硣
̺ıԴ֮ȻҪ˵ʵ΢
ֺݺһ󣬺һ֮УǻֱӱǵЩںڰеĻʱһһɢ
һεţسǻ֮
͸ŲɣϻдķģܵķЩ̫֮࣬Ȼͬһʱӡʱ˴·ģö֮ӵЩ
ܲӣЩȴǹںһγһɼǿķӡ֮ӡڷֹ˽ͬʱȻҲŷӡ֮ã
ЩӡΪ˷ڣǷ⣬֪
Щģɫ֪˵ȸΪʼ޷ʮŲ㣡
ΪЩķӡ֮ȻѾﵽ۷壬˵˥ȫ֮ҪƿӡΪ˵˥Ҳǵܣ
ȸϣȻ˷ӡЩã̧нһһĨ֮ȻȴģһĨ֮²
ɲǼ䣬ϵӡȫ鿪ֻʣһ
һĻҲֲֻſʱǷӡޣ
ʣµһģΪ򵥣һʹɣֻһԲȦѰʵֿȥһģȴ̺һ
ͬǷӡӡȴϢڵϢʹ۴ʲô޷аϢ
ֵĿ£ĿԲȦУȻ͸һ˿⣡͸һؼ
ġǷӵ֮ֶһģ˫Ŀͫ
ûκϢֵʶ£ȴĸܵڵһѹ
Ѫѹڸܵѹɲǣ˳˫Ŀһ̧£תһֱָӾͰһġ
ԲȦһڽһȻһϤϢơ
ָҪµɲǣɫ䣬ֹͣ˫¶޷֮ɫĶԲȦ
⡭Ȼе֮
ϤϢǵţǵįϢڿϢɲǣȫһͻȻͳһĲ²⣡
į֮µۣɢǿ֮УеϢ⡭ĪʮŲӡģǵ۲ɣ

Ӧòˣؼ̺Ѫ֮ӵ˵Ϣ֮Ǳߵۣٲ֮
۱ûѪ֮Ǽ֮ӵѪϢһʹöںϣ
ںһų֪֮ԺֶΣų֮һӡʹؼһ˶֪ǵۣȻ⣡


1575 ԭ
Լ󵨵Ĳ²𣬶ϵһķӡغһ
ķӡں֮Ϣڳų֮ȴһԲηģʹų֮ûбűǱãΪ˷ӡ
ַĵ죬ľ
ľ͵Ϊһţһų֮ɢһ·
ַĽƣںϢ֮ؼܴߣʵ̫̫١ӣ
Ŀ¶֮ɫ֮̾һɫɵ֮Уڤڤ֮һֻ֮Ȧۡ
Ǵȸ뿪ȥ֮أܴѷ쵽ûȥô㲻֪ڤҽڡ
ǲ֪ڤޣҲûպɱ޵ͷûһУƺһսУȻᱻڤˣҲͲǷӣõѪͬģҲûų֮
صȸǣصһĵطصԭ㡣
ԭ㣬ȴǷһֻҪһڳô;ܴʮŲ㡭
ؼ䣬ҲֻһˣԴӡ飬ָпУҲã
֮ҡͷȥо֮£˫Ŀһֻ̧ûתѪҲûе֮ǰŵų֮Ĵָʳָ֮ϣ
ɲǼ䣬ָܵʹһ˲һŤ̶ڴұۣѪ⾭ͷ²ֱָų֮ʳָ
ֵʳָһͷڳĺˮϢƬ̺ƾĪļ㣬Ӳʳָʹ²ٲǼΪƽȣ˿
ģֵʳָϵԲȦصԲȦ֮ϣָµ˲䣬ڵų֮ȻǸܵͬһ㣬ںХ
ֵɫֱӲ԰ףʳָȻһ˿
ĿȫԼʳָָϣȥڵų֮زٿʳָԲηӡϹգҪĽ乴һ顣
ôɰĴ򿪣
ÿƶһ㣬ڵų֮ͻᱩĸܵԲηڲϵų֮˳ָԼڣ־ʹϢоͺ䤱
ѪƱҪһ㡣
˺ѣͬһ˵Ļһʹ࣬Գԣݳ
ʱţת۱ǰ㣬ʯڣصֵĴ֮ʳָȻĵĴ룬ʣ²һС顣
˫۷Ѫ˿ұϸߣԶԶһƣĿġұۣϣϣͬд䶯бŷҪ˺ų֮
ҧĶԼָûͣ٣ƶŽգڵų֮Խӿ񱩣󣬼춯أڸ촫ʯѹͬѸ͵Ļص
һ㡭ֵּľԲȦų֮ļѣͬܶսһ
֮Ҫޣ
ģַֻ򿪣ֻ߱ˣֻ߱˵ϢҲͬ޷߶߱ôǰȸǻҲ˼İ㣡
ʱţһС飬ּһʱ䣬ʳָĹճһԲȦصԭɲǣһĪ֮ǷںȻֱֶȥ
һ죬ӵŵŵ˺ɢâȴǹӰ˲Ϣת˲УӰܾͱѡ
һѪǹӰѵɲǣüĹǵһȴ¯û⣬һ¯һֱŤ赲ֱ֮ӵأĹ»صüǵ㡣
Ӱ¯ĵǹɴӷڱĴʱȻɢ˲٣ٴѪӺʮ⣬ֱײʯ֮ϣһʯҾ֮£֮ȴǽڣ̾ΪģŰ˷˺ѷ졣
ʯϵԲηģһ˲䱬һǿ⣬ʯȫڣǿ£ʯϵķмһƣأʯź󷽣򿪣
ʯŵĴ򿪣һɲɣϢʯź󴵳ܡ
ֲȥǵѪ͵̧ͷһ۾ͿʯźһƬڣͬһڣ
Ƿ֮أǵʮŲ㣡
ʯŴ򿪣ǲɣ֮⴫˲䣬һɵŵϢУ˲ϢӦ˼˫̧ʯǽ͵һġ
֮£Ķֱֵ֮ӷɳһֱǱ򿪵ʯŶȥɲǼ䣬˾֮ǰӡ֮δ˽ķ壬ʮŲ㣡
һɲǣʯźлպϣһϡ
ûлͷǰһУ𶯡
ڵĵط׼ȷ˵ĵʮŲ㣬һͨͨľͷʮŲڡ
ͨһԽԽĻ֮ȦɣЩ֮Ȧ໥֮࣬ǰˣ𶯣Щ֮ȦȻȫʯԲηһӡǣ
ǣȫϢںϺ󹹳ɣ
ΪǵĴڣʯʶʯŻԲηֳ
ﵽγɣǰȥ̫ĵطأ»𺳡
һԲȦɵͨԽǰԲȦԽ̺ų֮ҲԽǷ񣡸һ֮ںڣʹԽǰȥԽȫĴ
һ֮Ȧ⣬һƬڣʶҲ޷鿴ֵ£ȴ˫Ŀͫһ˲
⻷֮Ȧɵͨ⣬ȻЩңȸǵصҲȻʯźַȥһ磬һٴοȴ˵ĸо
ĬƬ̣˫һȻˣҪһﵽ׻ΣһΣǰٶȥ⻷ͨڲϵžͷۡ
أǰĲԲȦԽԽ󣬼ﵽɷԲڴĵϢŨϢǾ춯أɢ޾ȴûκαļ
֪ȥ˶ãֱֵǰһԲȦͨľͷ⻷ԲȦȻǧɴСͬһƬ죡
վλãֻͷһͨʯŵλãȫԽԽСһ㻷֮Ȧ
ĬУתһԲȦһȥһԲȦģֱ˽ȥ
ˡ


1576 Ե
һƬգ
һƬƽûƣûз磬ͬһɫĻĻϿһյ࣬ȴһ޴Ŀ
ȻǧɴСĿģ
ͬһֽһԵλûһЩƬ¡
ǿУһ֧ǧɴϸ¶־֮ġ
֧͸Ƭգȴûȫ£ǿסһ롣
£һƬĴأûɽһƬͺͺƽԭͷһȫֻŲɢ֣ǳǴ֮ϣϷǰѴ͸յļ
˴һɺңң֮üģӾҵĲ
Ŀһ˲ҵĴʹŵĴУһĻĻļȻٴθ֣籩һĴм£ֵĿֱӱѪ˳յϡ
һֻۣȫԹ˼䡭ֵԺૣԽԽռһ
ҵۻң
Ӳ¶ãǼڵһĻĻԶҲ޷Ĩȥǻڣչңһ֧ϣ£һХ
һ֧գͨڣ壬ۣۣʧããǺ
֮һѪҡк˼ϥڵϣɣʱ佥ţ֪ȥ˶ãֳĺһ˫̧ۣͷӵϵļ
ûеۣеģֻ֧֧òϣԼ֮ǰĲ²⣬ֻһ롣
ؼ䣬ǵۿӵеϢǽµĹ⣬һӵų֮
Ǳ֧
ǼǰȻɿݵĺɫѪۣǵϢǴѪɢѪԵĿ
ǿǼϣ˼ⲢǳɽһǼ⣬һԲ֮һ֧޷֮Բ֮һ֮ӡ
ĶҪ˿ҵĵط޷ٿصıҪĲغáһ֣ⱦͻһ֮
壬صĺܺáֿ֮˺ܶࡣ
ģһĻĻ棬ǻļһγ
ڣĹУįּͨǾ޴ĵ֮ɱǰ˵ͬʱļХۣҳ˹Ĺأǿл㲨ƣֱ޾
֧ܴ󣬺ܴ̺۶£˵ǿˣ䴩͸Уǿûκ֮赲
ʱȻûз֧Х͸ӴǣͬʱԶɢ
ֻĴ֮Уڽ⣬ҲڽڣϵֻۣˣǺڣ֪ȥ
˽֮ʱ࣬ƿǿպ󣬽뵽һ֪ʲôʱ򣬱ʲô˲õһƬǿնϲС
ϲ磬Ƭء
ﻹֲﻹʿڣﻹȻһ죬һʱֱֻ̣ƿգ˺һ޴Ŀڴ͸ɢ͸˴󣬿յĿڡ
ӴļصɲǣϵĲɱͷųڱ˲䣬ϵĵĿѪںϣϢںϣγһɾų֮
ų֮δڼ˲䣬Բηգһ֮Ȧ˳ż·زȥ
ʼʱһ㻷֮Ȧ˼ͬȴСǧɵ·ɢȴԽԽСڵʱֻǧҡ
ǻ֮Ȧ͸˴أǵصγһԽԽСĻ֮Ȧɵһֱͨͨյǻ֮ȦֻȭͷСͬʯ
⻷βɢͬʱһɷ籩ɨƬأǷ籩£ɽɻңĺֱɿݵĺӵ
ĺ󣬸ǵգȫɢصĺף类һֻĨȥǷ籩гΪƽ̹
ޣһһֱɢǲҽеһ֮
˵Щֲ籩гΪ˷ɻңŷ籩趯
ڵʿһˣһɣֻ࡭ȫ籩£һһɢ
Ƿ籩أһлʹô˵سΪַһƬƽ̹ȴ
ƬأǿڣΪ˼̺£ҵֱֱ֣ڽչ˼ѪܵĴսֱŵĳһ죬ˣ˴˼µķλ
ǣ˷Ľ롭
֮ŮǴżصĿģҲĿģΪѰ֧
壬ھĲ֮˷Уҵ֧ڵƬأȴ޷ɢų֮޷ٿء
ǷӡҲзİգһţţ֮ǰ֮ءλãΪ˴˼Ļ֮ȦȭͷСԲȦںϣΪϣһӡ
ڵȣȽԹȡߴ˼
ֻĵȴ֮У˾䣬֮Ůطӡ֮أ屻Ĵɽɱֱ
һ˳Ϊ֮ūΪѡ塭
һˣ뿪ȸǣдȥţУУཥɢȡ֮ģһ˵һйطʮŲ㣬ӡлĴ˵
ϧһд۽ڣΪĳҪɱ⣬ģȡ֧ҵļ
Ǵӽڴһ֮ȴǶͷ侪˱ڡ
֧õŷӡģȸӶ֪ࡣֱֵĵ
ֳ֪̾ԼĲ²ǷȷһжԼ˽Уһ𣬻
ĬУǰһһ֮£Ǵ͸¶ӵļԣվԣֵӿΪСͬɽһ㡣
һԾϥ֧޴ļϣ̧˼ŸɿݵѪҺУ˫ĿպϣüĹǵ㼱תʼա
ҪĿ֮Ѫ
Ѫڣ̺һؼдã
֮ʱһӣʱѷ֣ǹߣһѰס


1577 
ʱţǰĵĿѪ࣬ټ֮ãɿɢ˲٣ѪԵĿĿǾǹۣһѪ֮࣬ɶ˵ȻǼĲƷ
ѪҺ֮˳һתֱ֮Ĺ
ǹɢĺâһ㣬ڲϵա
һ졢졢졭ֱʮ졣
ʱ粻ָͬܣȴʮȥǰĵѪҺԽӸɿݣԵǹȴʮڼ츲һ㡣
Ŀڣسǣ
һֱǺ˸âӳա
ڵʮһ죬ǼϵĵĿɿѪһһƬɫĩǼ룬ǰ
˫Ŀһû˿ԥִ裬̾ͰȫİɫѪĩڣʹƿͬһɫѪƣת͵ؿņ̀Ϻݺݵһģ
һһ£еİɫɿѪҺۣȫڣʹֱӾХ졣
һɲǣĿǼ˸ĳ˵ǵۣĵۡ
ĿѪҺ࡭ɢ˲١һһĿһ˺ѷ죬ֱץǴѪץĹ
ӡ˯ץֱ˺ӡѵһ˲䣬̧͵һġ
һĿǺȻһɰһĳֱȥ
ںǹҪγѪһĿֱ۳߿˲ϢûڵĿѪҺѪӹȫ£ֵĹĿ߿ǣɹ۳
統ŵûѪӹ꣬ӡ֮봢ѷڣ׼ȥ֮ߡ
ȻҲĿôұԼһǹһѪŨˮĸоȻ𣬴һ˦ųһƬĹ봢ѷڡ
һУֵͷӴޱȵļ˫ۣ¶⡣
˼ӽԺ󣬱֪֮֮һжǿķ¼֮ϡ
ų֮תѪһ֮£ȫ֮Ȼһ𣬽˸һɲ͸ڣֳһŹ
˹֮ɢâ˿̣־ǹ
⹭ֵһɲǣµ֧ӴļȻһƸӦ˹ĴڣһǿļȻֱ
˲Ϣ䣬ָܵһɲɣĻ꣬˻꣬Ǽ֮꣬ӳ˯ѣڵһ̣ǹ˽Ӵ
Сɫƽڡ
仰ڵһ˲Ӵļ͵һ𣬺ȻСһȦСֱ·䣬һǧɺͣ£տĲ֣ٴαס
СһЩ纮Ǽһ֮£һεСһȦȻ䣬С׵ĴյĿ£ֱء
죬֮£˼˴ϣǼĴڣ˶µ˲ȥ˿վǼβľƬë֮ϡ
Ƭëվż
СȦ֧֮Ȼ֮֮ԶԶȥͬһѾ޴ӣбŴǴڰء
վȩ̈ͷĿǿһƬڣ֪ͨδĿ£ǿܵıԵ䶯Ȼϡ
˵صҲ졭ֵͷŴ˼һָ
ССС
Ǿ޴ļʸٴһۿɼٶȼСϹâһ¼䣬ʸȻСһץ䣬ХٽС
Ŵ˼Ŀ˸Ǽϣĵģĵϸɢ΢Ĺ⡣
ĵģлйأӦǼӳ֮˼֮һµĿ֪ӳֵʲôĻꡣһڶͷһ㣬ɲǼ䣬ͷֹǵ㣬¯ֱӻû
Ǿ޴¯ٳֵ˲䣬㻺תֵĿ£Ŀ¯ڣж֮꣡
گˣʦ
֮걻ѹ¯ڣ
ұ֮꣬ӳִ˼ɫĮңң¯һָ¯֮£¯ǿگֱ֮ӷɳûӶݾͱһץסĻ£ֱӰּʸϡ
ǼĹҴĿһگʦȻֹĵ֮ںϣɲǼ䣬ʸϾͱһɾ춯صϢ
Ϣ֮ǿҲҪݡ
ġڷӡ֮ꡭֳ̧һץѷ֣ڷɳһ޴ĸ¥
¥ڹ֮أҵǵįĵظ
¥ȴֱ㿴ڷӡǿ꣬򲻵ѣܴ򿪷ų˿ֶǵظ¥꣬Ĭãûǰظ¥
̫ǿǵŵӡĵˣ֮һųᱻɡ
ֵĿǼʸ֮⣬Բ֮ϣŴ˻һʱ˻ں˼ʸڵų֮ص㡣
֮ʼտ͸˻Ľṹ죬̾һ˼۲죬̧һӣʱʸһƬɢֳƽâ˳룬ʧӰ
˼ʸֿһأҽǰһأ˳Ȼڵһ㻷ԲȦֱͷʯŶȥ
ٶȼ죬ɫûñǽԽԽСĻԲȦڣصʯźյһԲȦڣûκͣ٣ǰһӣʯź򿪣ֱӾ̤ʯڣ֮ʱص˷壬ʮ˲㡣
վڵʮ˲㣬ֻͷʯţһ˦ʯٴαպϡ˫ӡֱҪ׼뿪
ҪԴˡתҪȥȻһ٣һĿǰ֮ǰƿʯŷӡʱڳ֮ƶײڵǽϡ
ǽڳѷ죬дʯһλõѷ죬Ǽưǽڴ͸¶һ˿ǽںľ
֮ǰʯſȫעδǽѷĶߣ˿̾һ۾Ϳ֮
Ŀ˳ǽѷ죬Ŀ棬һƬڵĿտ֮أﴫϢ͸ѷ죬ּΪϤ
սૡ


1578 
ĵʮ˲㣬ȸǵصǽսУߵǽǰַһ֮صǽڵѷ࣬һмѷһֱӱ¶һȱڡ
վȱУǰȻս
սӴޱȣûб߽磬ֵĿ£˼޴ʬкƯԶʼյε
ǼʬڣдĻȥԶһ籩ɨϢȴһļХǷ籩Ȼȫλɡ
һʶɢĿԼ˿λãȻҲͬһ߾޴ĺǣ⺡ǲˣһͷһľ޴֮ǡ
ڵλãͷ֮Ǳƿǽڣ޵һСƬͷǣ˿̣վͷڣǰ
սȥִ˿ڵλãĿ޴ͷܣʬһƬޱ޼ʣ
Զλ籩˿̺ХȴٽһɲǣλƷʲôµ飬кȻɢž󼱼ӶݣֵĴڣǲһֿ־Ŀ£
֣̻꣡
ս߹̫ǣȥ̫ĵطȴδϼȸڵս
ƺսֻȸǣֻȸǵʿ
ĬУǰǧٴ̤սڣ޷ǵ꣬Լټɱ˾ͽİ£뵽￴չ
֮ʶĲӣսٵɢ̫ĺǣλ꣬ЩλһкˣҪֵܿʶȴ޷ֻʶ²
ЩǣһʿģһŹֵޣЩޣкȻд붼δ
ʶɢΧԽԽȻȥĴ˵еطǳȸʿ̽ѰһеطŲϵɢֿ˸ĺǡ
ֵ֮ʶսıԵһƬĤڣʹʶ
Ŀһʶûͣ٣͵һɢҵĺսԵֵĶһ羵֮ʶɢ£ֱӱһĤ˸Ĥ磡
ս䷶ΧȴǸ֮ǰĤڵĵȽϣͬһ㣡
𶯣վʶ޾ǸĤİսڣֿһɢĺǣЩǣЩ⣬Ȼˣ
֮ǣЩ޵ĹͷޱȣһɹǿϢȻǰӵо֮
ʶٴηӣֿ̫̫࣬˾޴֮ǣ˼֮ǣɴС֮ǣ
һޣڤ⣬ĤսȻȫУ
緭ˣʶٴɢɨ޾ǺսıԵʶսȫΧ
һɲǣ˫ͫ͵һ¶˺Ȼ֮ɫ
ʶս˲䣬֣սȻֻһ޴ƬƬȸһӣƺȸǾΪ
Ƭܲ򣬷ĳһ֣
кת˲УԺڸʥȸǰǴиľأȸǣŵһ֡
һصʶսںϣ£ȥƬս̾ϳƬսȻһ֮ŵһ֣
ʥҵšʲôšǵ֮صһ棬Ƿ֪¡
վãѹе𺳣УظֳŮӣڿ߲ʵ˵ǾɫУ
ŲҴ򿪵ġŲҿġֳĬ
֪ţ˵Ƿͬһ
ʶջأȫĻصڣӵĿһսãתȥˡ
һλصȸǣַ̫̫飬ЩӦӲϾ˶ȸǣİĸо
ԭû
ʮŲ㣬ԭӡ֮
սԭֻһС滹и㷺磬ԭŵһ֡ȸϣһɽ嶥ˣӭźХɽ磬Ƿ紵ɢͷĿ¶ӡ
Ϊߣҽ֪йȸȫܡԭӡǰգһƬۣңң£Զꡣ
һֻɫķ񣬼ȶǰķҪܿƬΣƣգһ£һƾˡ
һĻɫһúЩԾ
ƶûƮȴĻڴųʪˮϣĺ⣬
꣬ꡣ
սȫ֮صƾڵɽ壬ԽԽˣƹͬīˮֽϣܲϵɢ
꣬µĸˡ
ǻɽдֶߣԽԽܼԽԽˮԭӦñ𣬵˿ȴһƬš
ɽܵһЩСʯӣԭڷлᱻߣ˿ȴһ֮ѹ£һ
һһص䣬صĿԶߣЩ˲ϢܵƣŤͬӡǡ
ƹغһһ˵ķ֮Уüͷһ壬ѹ˶ȸǷ֮µİһλصȸǣе飬£Ҫȥų֮ҪȥԼٱԴɣ
Ҫڴ֮ˮɱ¾Դ֮Դ֤俪ųΪܣ
վתҪźȥǹһɱĶ֣֮ǰǰɫķһɻ
ˮ£һɱϢȻڱɱļΪͻأ
̧ҪȥҽţͻȻһ٣ȫëֱһɼΪǿҵΣ֮УһĶǵ͵ػͷǹƣɫ˲ޱء
Ծ֮ǰ棬˿мһƯʯ
ΣڹĹأصںһΣֵһһҪһ٣
˴٣мȥʸڤڤ֮УڿǹƵһɲǣ
ǹ֮ƣûɱɱƲ֮䣬ڤڤ֮еĸӦûֱ仯粻ƫƫڴ˿̳֣ǰ֣֮䣡
䣡˫ͫ˼ʶ͵Ű˷ɢֱӸȸǣʶǿգʶǿյһɲǣɫ䣡


1579 ɱ
ȸǿգǺڰдŵǹ⣬ǱһƬʹǿգ׵ĳΪɫ
ͬĻ
˵ȸ⣬Ȼգ
Ȿǲܵ飬£ȴȻ棡ȸ⣬ﻹȸƱһ֣ק˽ڣһƬӴޱȵ֮У
Ƭأɫȡ
ɫڣһƬޣΨؼһǣǣȸ
ɫ䣬˫¶캮⣬ʶȸǺɨ˲䣬ɫΪȸǣɲǼ䣬ֵʶڣȻûκһ飡
ʿˣľޣȫһ׵׵ʧĸɸɾȸǣһֻ̣ʣһˣ
ȸϵҲʧ٣ʧٵģ֣
ȸǣڣȻǽϵ飬Ȼڽһ׮׮£̩ȸϣĬĬĺžƣʿȻǳڶڷļ֮С
ȸϣ֮ǰվɽ壬ϿһˣɽǰһƬεƽ޷磬ûƹ
ȸǣͷǱһ澵ҫֳһڽڣɣһû飬ֻʣһˣƬڡ
ͬɽ壬
ͬɽ壬վɽۣƹˮ軩¡
ĵƶ컯֮ɫǰһֱ̤֮ڣͬһ䴩͸ֱ߳ⱻֳȸǣ
߳һ˲䣬Ŀ֮дȸںƵ޾âƿԴ͸һޡ
վƬڣ󣬱ŵȸǣǰһ߼ʣʶҲ޷ޱ޼ʵĲãأ
棬ĴأһƬƽˮ棬ˮûвƣǰյɫĵӳ
ԶԶȥִ˿ƬããأһھһûбԵľ
֡һģͻȻ֮ĶֶС
ֳĬ̧ͷգ˫ͫغһڴ֮нɢתȫΪ
ɫڣУ۳һɫӰӰһӣӵ֣һ̾
ּ𡣡ֱȭƽڡ
εĬĬ֣ʱ佥ţ֮Ŀɢ¶˼ᶨ
һη֮ûв롭һΣҲ֣Ƭ̫ǳпϲãԶ֣Զʱƿޣڴ˶ᱻκһ˲
ƬأԴʱʱ㡭һ
Ϸоɣʶ֪Ҫ֣͹ǡ𣡶𣬱Ҫε̾תӰâںϣɢ
תӰһɲǣնʱоҵĲͻȻصȴǲڣȻ߳һˣһƬģֻһߡ
Ŀ磬һ˿ɱӻû˲䣬̧·ֱһָ
˵ؾܷܲϷȫΪǿ֮գ뵱ķһˣ
һָУɫ䣬һɿХָȻͻһɫдɫ޷ٶȣֱֶ
Ϊ˵ģǴڣӵ֮Щһǳ䷢һ˻
ĿһɫΪأ˿Ȼȥһδ٣ҲҪɣҲһҪɣ
Ƿ֮٣һ̫ǳܵΧɱ֮Уͬһֻأڽ죬ϣⳡ
ʱ
ǻɫֲ˼ǰһ̧䣬һָգʱ֮ɫأʮ˼޵ĺʮŭ𴵳֮磬Ƿ磬Ȼ͸ɫֱɫ
ɫǻ˫Ŀһ
˫ɲǾһ𣬺죬һɳ֮ܺɨǻŤʮء
£һͷ˳ɣɫ԰͵̧ͷȭǰУתȻһ
תɲǣ󣬺Ȼвƻص߳һӰͬģһ£Ŀɿݵ̧𣬺ݺݵָ˶ֱ
ӭģȴǻһȭ
һȭһָ˲ӾһѪŲ෽һ٣ʳָָƬɢкһ֡
ҲЩֶΣ
ѪȴһƬ侲֪˽ٺѶɹʱͬǰҪȴǾܣ
ûҵˣ٣ҲУ
˿̺͵̧һָգȻ䣬âƾճֵĽܾһ޴ӡ
ǽ⣡ǻ˫ĿͫһǺҲ˫ۡ
ӡֵɲǣһ콣Хǽһ֮һ־ֺڣȻһ׶
׶޶ϵ·ֱ֣Ǳ׶ǰȻһɫĶ̽
̫̽죬ֵʱҲʩչӡһɲǣ˿һغ˪ֱֶȥ
̾޾âûǺٵһ˲һ޴ĹӰӰһ̱Ǻ
֮УӰֱӳΪһ޴ı
Ǻ´͸񣬴һɷɱ֡
һ죬ӡʩչϣٴѪǰ׳Ǳ׶׷
ɫѪһ͵һ˦ѪѪֱȥ
ԶԶȥһĻΪˣѪĶԿɱײѽת֮£һ
֮ض֮ѽͬʱǺһ룬
ѪУѪͬ˵һץסĶǰ
ǶϿĺԣһӣ߳Ŀ䣬֮â֡
սپӻɫһ䣬֮ǰȥǻͬ磬ֱ֣
ּ˺˵ΪһЩԭѹƣǿ֮ˣһָ޷Կ
˼һָգ֮ǰϵӡٴλû˫¶⣬͸һսķ
ҪսǱսƽԽΣԽǷԽ侲ǧУɵһϰߡ
˿ּ̻䣬ǽ£պǾ޴ӡ͸ɽ⣬·ĺɨӡδһĪѹ併١
ڵӡӡڣɼͬһɽ·һ
⵽ʲôȻ֮УǻĶӡĽ⡣


1580 ս
ɫӡֵ˲䣬ǰһڲ˸䣬Ȼͳӡ֮ϣҧһڽɫѪҺӡڣʹӡɶ
ɱңҪֵۣͺɫ·ǽɫӡ䰴ȥ·ƽˮ棬ѹУת
ǻĿһӡٵ˲䣬̧ǰһӣоͳһԲεƿӡ
ƿ͸װһƿɫһƿӣֱӷɳһ˦䣬Щʱɢâȴ侹ȻԽԽ࣬ԽԽܣת˲֮УǰͼɴС
رԴ㣡
ߵĻֱֵĽɫӡ
ͬʱǺɫƽ˫֮һӣȴŸָ˲ϢӳָϿŵâ
Ǻâڣָ֮ϣȻоŸ޴ĹӰûָΪɽ̤棬֮󣬺ХǰС
ĮİӣպӡַҧƣѪǰѸٻһӡӡǸһ֣̾³ΪѪһ˦䣬ӡȻ
𶯣Ǵ֮ͨĵֵֿӡ޾˸䣬һ
صֱӡȫλãڴ죬ͬʱǺľŸָ״ŹӰȻ͸дڡ
ţǰӵѪӡǺȻ£˲䣬ӡǱһɱְ֮˷ֱӱ⣡

ɱ

վ·ңǽбͨӡͬʱڣһ˲䣬ӡȻķѣ
ָͬɽ·ǱУһɾ޴ĳܺɨֵѪӡͬʱˣϺȻ˾Ÿָף˿ڴ˻ļ󣬸ڣ嶼Ҫɱ
˫ͨ죬ٴѪģȴ̶̵ʱھˣֲЦȴɱ졣
һץһƿҩҪ֮ʱ·ˣͬʱƿճ磬˲Ϣٽԣ
ǻĿ¶أŪǽʲôȴоƼ˿ֵ̳࣬ٽ̧֮ʳָ˸âȻ䣬ʳָɣһƬ֮£ֱüĵȥ
У޾ָ֮Хǵأһ֮꣬ɳһָҪɰӡһȥΧɱ֣
ͬʱǺҲ߳˫Ĺһָؿڰȥ
ָڣ֮껯һĹӰŲ̵ֱָ֣ͬȪظ͸һɱ
ֵǰǰĮɫɱ飬̧𣬺ɢһ飡
ˣڣͬʱֱ֣֣
Σ֮ʱüĹǵ㼱˸¯û⣬¯һ֣˵ɱ¾֣֮һ֮ȻĹ⵹صüġ
¯ֿĻᣬֵͺȫâһȴǹӰٴγ֣͵һֻǣҲɲǣӰܺ鿪
һ̫죬֮ǰֳֵڣϢʱ䣬˵ٶ֮£־˶εͨ뷨ʩչӡʩչʱһΡ
ֻҪֳȥ۲ܣŶԷֻˣһɱ統ȥɱһһ̫ǳĴֱʡ
ûг֣
ԶҲûг֣
һΣһһΣ٣
ǹӰܱƬ߾ߵ˲䣬ұ۹âһȴǹ񻤱ۻûҪһʱ䣬Ҫһʩչͨ뷨ʱ䣬£ԷͲᣡ
ȻᣬǾҪԼȥ죬ɱٽɲǣüġؿڣʹ˲䣬ұϵĻ󱬷ŨŨĹ֮
֮𣬺Ȼֵ⣬Ǳεľ޴ӰӰ˺ۣůĸоȴɴڡ
Ǽ֧صĹӰڳֵһɲǣ˵ɱкʱһֹͣתǹӰͨһƵͷһ۱Լ֣ӺȻ˲䣬Ӱüĵǵ㣬ֱӱ
һǿĹֱ֮ӱһǿĳɢ
˷׷׷׷ɫһ䣬Ѫ·׷˺ǵĿУǾ޴ĹӼɢ˫ȣ壬˲Ϣ䣬ֻʣ֣һץס֣·ˮ棬ֱȥ
׳У֣ɢˡ
¶Ѫ˹Ϣһ·ˮϣ˳ˮס
ˮ浴²
˶ˮ棬ϢٴδɱҪ׷ȥ
ˮڣֵұۻķѣĴұϷ룬ɢ˫ǱУ¶һɷ׷ɱٽˮһɲǡ
ƽˮڣͻȻ˾УƵĺص䣬һ޴ˮɵȭͷֱӴˮڻûֱǰٽİӡ
ǰĿһˮȭٵ˲͵һģȭͷֱӳΪ˱飬Ȼͬʱˮֵͺһ·һУȭֱӾǰһ
һȭֲų֮ӵĵǿһȭ
󣬵ͷ­û֮£ǰ̱һȭɣһѪ
ͬнɫѪȴûκͣ٣ǰ͵תһǻǰ̧Ŀɫת˲֮䣬ɫվͱ޾ȡֵһָ֮£Լٶֱǻߣ
䣬߸㣬˲Ϣͱɫ洫ʹΪףǻɫ䣬ӼˣȫɫߣѪ
У¶֣ˣɫǺ
Ƹأ˿Ȼƴһ㣬֮͵תĿϣǺһģʱ޾ɫڶֱӾͽɫХ䣬ѪӼˡ
ͬ¶ȻȻģǻ˵֡
ɡ
ƴˣԼٶȱˣ˱Ļᣬһȥɫ֮£̧һָա
ٽɡɡ磡
ɫһһ޴ɡ˻û˲Ϣ䣬ϷɫգȻΪɡĻԶԶһһɫɡ
ڴɡûֵɲǣգ˴ɡʹΪһѷٽɡ


1581 ɱһ
ɡֵ˲Ϣһ֮ǳſɡ¾գ·ȼնȥ
£һƬŤ֮ﶼ֧飬Ҫ˺һ㣬Ũ̹ǻ𺣺Х
ɫ䣬£ȥɱ֣Ǽٺˣɡһ˴һɼΪǿҵΣ
ͶӰܼҲ۱һͶӰȥǵͬ˵˿̺ȻУ˲һеļˡ
𣡣˲ǷΪȻʩչصͨǻɫ䡣
ϴΪɱû뵽һͬˣֵĿ⣬ɱȴǼٺˡ
ٽɡⲻһֵ֮ͨΪδȫˣһĵͬӴޱȡ
ɡйĻ𺣣ȫ׶˿ռٿϣ˫۵ĺâȴǲû٣Ũ
ҪӣӵôҪɱֵ֣ۣͺȫͷų׽ǷٽɡڣʹڻŨ·һŴֱɶ
ǰɫ԰ף͵һҧֱ̧üһģһԭ⻬üģ̾͹һѩӵķġ
һ֮ʱһɺǻ𺣶ԿɲǣӵͺһüĺݺһץȻͰüѩӡȫץ
ǰй𺣵Ĺɡֱһ׶ȥ
ϷԪΪԱѩ֮Ϊ죬ԺΪţȻˣ̫ǳҲǽ̫֮
һ֣ɫ䣡
羮һڣǵϵƽˮ棬⺮ɢ˲䣬֮̾ȴˮһƬмλ˲ͱ⣬ǱŰ˷ӣת֮£ˮ棬׵׵ĳΪһƬ޴ı棬ޱ޼ʣ
˾޴ı棬ɢưɫĺ⺮ֱգǻ𺣶Կͬʱһ
ȴϣǹɡ֮ϣȻһɴСľ޴ѩӡǣӡһĻкֻĻɲǼ䣬Ϊ˱⣡
죬Ǳ⣡
أǱ⣡
ƬƬѩһһ֣һ̧һָغȼյĹɡ޾ѩһ˷ֱɡȥ
һۿȥȫǰɫѩ趯һѩ֮籩ɡǹɡĻѩڻͬһء
һɲǣӱˮɢ޾뱻ɢںϣֱɡȥ
֮£ȴǹɡйĻ𺣣̾ͱƬıסǹɡҲǺУΪ˱
޴ı׶ѩڻ±ǹɡ֮£ɢ󺮹⡣죬ǹɡӣһۿȥĿġ
Ӻһڴ֮еˣҲ׷ͣ£ʱĿһһָǱĹɡΧż֮УɡڴƵغ֮
ɫٱ䣬¶Ȼ֮ɫ˺ԶֹͣĶˣͬͷƤ鼱ˡ
ڻ͵һɢһдƬıֱӱȱģӵЩǴصıգǹɡһб㣬ȫ鿪һϻ𺣵ĳ£Ű˷ȥ
¶ɱ̧һָӶеĺһָ£ǹɡͬʱֳһɺХֱȥɫҰף˫ͨɲǼӾͱǻɣҽлصУǻɨ֮ͶӰֱӱ
ٽɡɱ˲䣬̫ǳƯǿյڸ¥ڣǸ¥ǿھԣϥˡ
һˣȻ͵˫ۣһѪĶǰǿھ⾮ڣֵĺȻڵƬأ
̧֮ͷǴ
һͣ
ûʱ򡭡һϵƴ
ĬٿڣĿǾء
Ǿйɡںɱ˺ٴһָȥȴеĻֱӷֳɣǻǰӶȥ
ɻͬХһٽǻߣɫ֮˫üһģʱдĻâ˸һȫǻɶ˲䣬ӱû
صֱǻȥֻһ޴Ư֮³ѷ죬Ȼ¶ڲߡ
Ѫήң֮µȴûǰٴκХĻ𺣣ɬа̧̾һöӽɢǻɵɲǣӰ١
ѪѪҲõģ˵ȴټ
̫ǳ¥ڣԣһߣ˿˫ۣѪЦҡͷ
С
Ǿأһָ£ٽɡֳһ𺣣ӣɶ˲䣬ǰȫ˴ı㣬Ǻ¡¡ϵؾ£ı㲻ϵıۡ
ӵɺͣűһ˿ı㣬˻棬Ϊһӡ
˥ϣһʩչٽɡ̫̫ĻҲɡ߱ͬģ˵ҲǼ˺ڵų֮ȫ
˿ԽԽյĹɡҲû˷ŵҪɢһ¶ɱһ٣Ȼȥܷɹ
ֺηӱᷳ޵ǰɱˣ㹻ˣͷɢңȻ˳ȥֱǱӣҪɱˣ
ٽǱİӵһ˲䣬˫ͫһ͵̧ͷȴǰǾ޴ϿգϢ߳һˡ
һŮӣģ˫ȴ¶˺⣬ָ̧쿪ңңİ֡
ɵһΪ˥ˣŮᣬŻڣСָһ䣬ġ
һܵһ֮أֵ֮һɲǣ˫ʱʹһ޷ݵľʹ
Ѫʶ˺󣬴˿͸ôĿ˫ڼٵĿήĻָ֮޷ԭ
˺ɲǣֲҺһ˫ٿή֮£һƬѪˮɢڡ
ʹ֮£˫Ŀͨ죬Ӳеɱȴʹдﵽ۷塣
ΪΣգŮ죬ֵָڣָСָ֮
ΪƢƢָŮӵָơ


1582 
ΪΣλ飡Ůʳָ͸һᣬᣬȴǴһɲ̵ɱ
Ѫӵˣؿ˫ֱήɢڣû˷Σ޷ХʹȫƵĲҺ߳
˫ֵƢ࣬˲Ϣã丯õɲǣѪɢֱȫƢĸãӰĻָ֮ʹɫ԰ףȫ˴Ѫ㡣
࣬Ůӻڵͬʱֱڻ
ȥģȻһϣԭɢĹɡ˲ϢӰ
Ϊģģ޵ŮƽŲϵ˵֣ĴĴָƳΪȭ
ȭ֮ʣԶһȭȥ
ؿھʹɲǾͲʯת֮£ȻΪһʯͷʯͷ壬ʹ޷Դݣ֣Ҳɵ÷һ֮
Ǻ϶Ůȭң䣬ֵؿֱӰȥ˵ֱ·ڻٴγΪˮ֮
һˮ棬ȴûгȥžʹˮһģ˵ա
ȥƺѷ죬ŮĴ򣬿ȴûаãȥٻڤޣͬӡ֮شһƲڤޣҲʧȥ˸Ӧ
ûл·һΣӲ齵°һһŮڣ߳ڱ㣬һ֡
Ѫɫٴκ˼
ֲأܹ㣡ңҲհٱ¶⣬Цвȥžʹ̧һָ
绽ɱһָ֮£ȫǽ͸һŨŨֱնȥ
Ů֮ǰͿֵĽ⣬˿ٴοĿһǼŨȴûпڣǰһȥ̧ٴΰ֡
պ䣬ʮ͸⣬Хſ֮һƬɫְ֮˷ÿһˮڣһеĻ꣡
ˮ£γһ绽磬Щ֮ǰɢ˴룬˿̻вٴڣ֮£ֱŮӶȥ
صУֲȥǲϵغˣ˫¶âٴһָա
ɽѣֲ֮δ򣬵˿̵Ϊȴǿģ³һָ֮£һ޴Ļɽû쾪춯أֵĽɫʹ׷ͨΪ
һУȥԿӵҲûЩ˶ԷҪģʩչЩ׷Ƴһͨ
磡
磬ֻһΣˮɾٺ߲ʽʩչʦֵܣͬ׷
ûˮ죬޷̧Ϳʩչǿ֮磬ȴǿʩչͨ󣬰磬ƶ
һΣΪǧ֮һ㣬ѣ
Ǻ֮£Ǻ绽ɱȵУŮɫƽ߳Щͨûκô
߳һɲǣ췢һͺ
磡ͺУ̧һָŮӣ
һָ֮£ŮӵϣȻͳһ£³ֵ˲䣬Ůɫһ䣬ǰеĽŲһͣ
ڣͨһʽˣǰ׷ڱ϶Ϊǰڵͽ
Ůϵ´ģѸʵһѷȻҪŮӻһ㣬ѷ촥ĿģڸѪ
Ůƺһ˫ۺϡ
ڶʽ꣬ʽº磬ôӹһ£ʽֻҪɱ㣬ɽŮӿ沿ʹһȥ
˽ڵ֮ͨΪɱˣǳ˺ԽԽأԽãԽԻ⣡
˿ֱ֣ת۾ٽָצպݺݵذ£
¶̧ʩչȭŮһȭȥ
һȭǵ֮ͬģҲǵ֮ڣȸѧǿ֮
һֵ֮ȭͷϻһƬƣԶԶȥŮ֮䣬ⲨƵ֮£һˮ档
˾ˮ棬˲Ϣ䣬һ
֮ɲǾƴһУһȭµ˲䣬ȫ֮֮£Ůָһײ
ȫʹҪȫѪȻɫΪʺ죬ұ֮£ӹؽڴѣӵˡ
ų֮ϣּ޷ܣѹסһ˿
ŮҲܣѪӵŵŵźʮ⣬һ֮£ϵǾ޴ٴγ˸ѷ죬ɢУȻŮӵľɢ
ɢڵ֮ͨȫӳ˺ԽԽҵʹ࣬Ůƺһ˿̵Ȼ׻ݣͬ
˺ŮѪٴ˺ʮɣ͵̧ͷɫĶ̧֣ǰһӣ̱һѹٻûƮǰ
ŮĿһۣ˫ǹһ
һڻһֱ֣γһɱ֮춯أ
ԽԽ񣬷һɹβƺӵ⣬Ѫ
֮ţɺЦաһȪŮ䣬˫ǹŪԽԽ졣
ͬħԺƶħ˻£Ҫ˺ֲЦѪȴЦ
һ׻ȪᣡЦУֺ֮ʱ͵תѪһ֮£֮ǰâѪֱӻûתɲǣ󷽼Хȥ
Ȼ䣬ֵϢٴ߳һŮӣŮ£ֵɲǣѪֱ
ûвܷԼһ㶼ôǰҲͲɱˡ
Ѫڴ͸ŮãֻĿУûһһЦ
ƻһЦŮӾûлһЦ֮Уȴͬһ޲ɷ
Ѿþûţĸء
ѪЧأߣ˦ѪͬʱȻ˿ɣɱ֮ŨŨżٵء
ЩɱءûʵŮ̧֣һָ
ռԤϢ֮ԤһΪ˿̳档Ů΢ЦУֵ˵ͷ


1583 ˲
ռԤ֮ӼƣŮʩչȴǴͬ仰ﴫɲǣֵ壬Ȼ͹ĳһȭͷСĺɫԲȦ
ЩɫԲȦһʱÿӲУȻٵĴ
ԤһϢŮӺЦ֡
ȫǴĺɫԲȦ͸ڣɼɭɭ֮ǣͷҲΪ˺ɫʼ
ԽԽŮӵỰںϣϵúȦڣ˺Ť
ԤڶϢǱ
ڴ֮ȴȫͷһɲǳɫѷ죬֮£ͷҲˣ
˿͸ôĿȫͷѷҪѾһֱ֣
ʹ࣬˿ڷǵһںУȫɢ
ˣųֻ֮ΪǿĿƣɢ˿ֱռԤ֮ˣȻ֮ʡ
ֻûóǰѹȴûûг֣֮ˡ
ǹԼֻһ֮һǲܽԼشôһαˣ
ͷǹã
ԤϢŮɫͣ翴һ֣Уָ֣˵һ仰
ᣬںϣأ˵ͬʱԲͬķ֣նɱ֣
ں֮һһռԤͨƽۣȻǰ˼㡣
һ仰ɲǣӭһռԤֿ֮ĥ͸ͨȴŮӻ˵߱һεɱ֮
ֵãͷ𣬴˿̻ھʹ֮£Ҫһ˲䣬ȴ̧Լüĺݺݵһģ
һ֮£ȫ֮ǰڤ֮磬ǵںϣڲϵؽת˶ζɡ
壬Ƿӵ£ȻΪ˰ɵ˲壡ܲѪ۵Ĳ壬ȴȻ߱˲֮
Σ֮У־תһתڵų֮ͻ᳹׵Ĳܿƣı
սųֵܱ֮ѹͬϣǹ֮תƾͻ
һų֮ȫ־ûκλȥѹסֵͬҰ޷ٴշ
˿̣ȴûʱȥǴ£ǻҪɲǣüģһɶ
ϣŰ˷ۣת۾ƬأԶȸǣҲҫһƬɫ
ǱڵİӴ˿ɢ˱㣬ɫ԰׵ĸһ̱߳Ŀɫٱ䡣
ǽ£ֵĹɢü߿ǵ֮ڣ˿̵壬޾âΪ˲壡
˲һɫᣬڳԤŮɫֱ˲䣬¶޷֮ɫ磬ִ˿̵ı仯һ˵
˲ĳ֣ռԤ֮ڱ֮£ֵĲֱӱ
ͬʱȴǽһȻ䣬ٴ۳
ɫŮһõѪӵŵŵźռ֮٣񣡵һȴȲ˿ĺȻĿе޷ţ
ԭ͸оִ˿̵Ϥԭвɣ˿̿һٴۣȴɫ״䣡
˲壡ŮӾʶļٺˣ˫¶ֺȻ
㡭Ȼӵ˲壬˲壬ߵݣ㲻ˣ㡭㵽˭ʣʲôϵŮӱִ˿ı仯סԺ䣬ͬʱ
ɱɱˣ־£ӲҪŨ
ǵٵŮӣҲ˫һȻֹ㶵Žɵ֣ɫ䡣
е֣˿з籩ɨǷ籩ų֮ų֮һ̣ȫȫıĿ£Ȼ
֮ȴٴ۳
ֹ֮ͣٵŮһҧ˿Խɢɱ֣֮ͶӰǻ䱾
˲岻Ȼ͵ѧɱŮҧ֮һΣץǹס͵һק֮غ䣬һ֮϶
£ͰģķɵûǰŮһѪУѪںϣֱֶȥ
һжɲǷֵһα£Ǿʹ˫ĿһƬѪ죬ĵͺ˫ǾŰѷɵٵɲǣǰ͵һӡ
һУٴα
ܱͨȴǱʩչһɭ֣ԶˮͻȻһֳ̧ͷ
ҹ֮Դĵһͨ
ǺڰһƬģȴڸǲסֱ޾⣬£ˮûĳںһǽһɢ˺ҹ
ҹ֮
ڴ˿ֵ̣һһɫŤʹȫ񣬻ּ䣬·ˮھصȴһȾ޴ʯţ֣
ʯŵĳ֣һŵϢܣԴĵڶʽ֮ͨʩչ
ҹ£ǲ֮˿Ĳϱ£ں
ؾڰǽ˺飬ǵŮ˦ľͰѪɫɵֱӱİѣµ֮ʣֱ֮յǰģֻʣѣѷɵХڣһֱ壬һͬ顣
һ֮ǰڳԤŮӣ˺±ǲҹֱ֣֮ͨ𶯣֮ǰķֺ񣬴ھ֮£˿̱ͨ̾ѪһΣٺˡ
Ȼս
ɾʱʩչͨһαɵɲǣڣͻȻһģӰ߳
ģӰŮ٣ȫһģٳֵͬʱϵЩ˿һƮɢ
Ϸ̫֮һ𣡡Ʈص˲Ϣģ̧֮𣬺ݺݵŸոٴֺģһȥ
ӾҵһһڽɫѪֱ׳һֱԶȸǣһص䣬ȸϡ
ģӰſһͰĽɫѪҺУ˫¶̰һֱӻһƬ׷˹ȥ
Ѫʲôݣⲻ壬ϷҪˣ


1584 ᣡ
ȸǵ˲䣬ȸͨһֵͬ£һɽ֮ϡ
ɽʯֵ˵棬һѷ켱ٶʹֵٴײȥ
һ·֮£ֵǲϵرУֱ뵽ȸǵصףĶѨӡ
ȸǾǱþ̳֮ͬȸǣûκ⣬һȫڣ
ĵص׶Ѩɣ
ֵĺ룬ֱӹᴩ˴أ˷ʮ˲ڣ
һУȫ֮ǰ뿪ʱһǰʯһǽ̮һ޴ȱڣȱ⣬Ȼս
⾮֮Ϊ죬ȻսҲֻ̳ͬս˵ҲͶӰڵ޾Ļ꣬ǣȴһһڣ
һֵʮ˲㣬ٴѪȫʹҪԹȥȴҧסһδεı
̫֮һһ̺֮һɼΪԵϢֱʹĲ壬˲ȵļ
Ĳ屾Ͳ˿ⲻϵ£
ɲǣһģɳЦͻȻ֣ȴϷǹᴩֱľ޴ڣ̫֮һһ߳
ȫɣ˫Ŀ¶̰֮ɫ̧һץȥ
ҪȴʱȻһεıɲǣ˫һЦ֣һλһƬ뱻Ѫ֮ڡ
ҲҪҶ壡
ЦȫǱѪڣ˲Ϣ䣬ֵĲٴ۳һӽս񣬴δе֮
ɵ壬ǽ³һƬɫɫȫǳԺĴһЦ
壬Ӵ֮Ϸˣ㷴ҲûãǱǰζɣֱζһҲֻһƷĻᣡ
˫ͨ죬ֱʹ࣬һ˲ʧȥһУȫǺɫ£ʧȥ˫ȵĲٿء
˲Ϣ䣬ϰȫ޷ٿأΨֻƶȴľڣĶ£ļǳļһɼΪԵʶҪڣҪ֪һȫͬʱҪļĨȥ
ֿдʹȴ˫¶ȴǽǲܲٿصϿշȥ
壬Ϸݺأֻ辭յӶϷ֮ֿдϵЦɫŤ䣬ֱӷɳȸǣǰ֮ڡ
ڷɳĹУΨһٿص֣ȴӡǣһָ·ʮ˲ڣս
һָ֮£ʱսǴڵλȫһ̻꣬Щλ⼫ǿĲٿ֮
սͶӰڵ޷λ꣬˿ȫХγһɷ籩ɨ֮¸λ۶
м̻ͬĴڣҲ뵽Ƿ籩֮Уս֮£籩Ȼ춯أǰڵ˺ʹЩϢλҲȥ
֮£ɼΪǿλ籩˳Ƿʮ˲ȱڣֱӺ
ǵһδսǵһûķ赲£뵽磡һУΪﾡܱ¶ȴ޷սڵôϵ취Ҳû
ˣʹЩλûκƣХ˷ܵ˻𣬾ȸǡ
ʹȸǾҵ⿪˷ӡĳһ㣬ǵĳȸƳܲסʼ˱
Ƕ𣬴˿̲ٿֵɳܲٿֵ壬ȴ޷ѹı顣
ֻΪԶԶ֣ǿѹ֮£ʹıǴΧСΧ顣
ⳡɱ¾ˡֵĿдɣǴӱ߳İӡ
ֻǣĻﻹû˵꣬ȸǣȻһ֮£ֱӱǾҵƬصľ£ȸǺķѣһĪĳŰ˷ɢУһɺɫķ籩𣬴ǱȸڷĴӳƬء
ɫһ䣬͵صĻͷ˫ͫˣǳȸǵĺɫλ籩޷ٶȣֱ
ڣһٻںȸǵ޾Ļ껹ڵļ̻֮꣬ˣǵʣ
˲Ϣ䣬ɫķ籩ֱӾ壬˳ĳ룬ϸĿǺɫ籩ڴλ꣬˻֮´Ľڣתۼ䣬ԭĺɫ籩Ȼȫʧȫ뵽ֵС
ֵ壬һ֮£ٴαһεıΧǧɣλĳ£ڼ˴ں֮бһϢһĵУĴѪڱƳ
ֻһƬ޾Ļĳײ£ԽԽɢճ׵ķڰջģ壡
˫͸ʣһȥҪٴζᡣͬʱ¿Ҫȫ˫ۺһֱ٣ǰͬűɱ˸
ʱֵ޾λİ£۶ʱ䲻ٱ˫͵¶ɽ⣬Ķٵ
ַŵľ޵Ľӽ˿ȴҲ޷ȥ˼ûг֣֮ǰһ죬Ȼ䣬һɢĹֱӳ֮ϡ
ţ̧һסң͵һ˵һǹұ
ɲǼ䱻ıֱ˫ۺһ͸ɱ
乭˲ϢһѼΪεļȻǹϣ˼иӵķģگ׵Ļ귢
ƣŲɣʹô˹˼һ˲䣬ȫһɫ䣡
㹭㡭Ȼҵ֧Ť˿̹˲ǰУ¶Ȼ֮·ĺˡ
ģ֪Ϊʼղˣ𣬴Ϸû꣡𼸺ɢ̫⹭һˣ𶼻ͷƤ顣
Ϸ򲻲ˣУһгֵ򣬵ȴûа㷴Ӧ
˽ѹģȫµŮӣ˫͸޾֣Ӽˡ
һͬɫ԰ףҲûյĸֹ߰¼ָ֮УӲһе˺ͬ򣬿ȴûзӦ
һɫ䣡
һ֣Ƶ


1585 һ֮
ֺĿ֮£ٺ˵ˣ֮ǰͼɡİӣ˴˿ɫ䣬һкȻ˺
˾ܶǴ֮ΪǸֲ߳٣˿ͶӰΪӡѹڲٽ㣬ֻܷӿ֮
ˣȴǸεΣΣûڵ֮ѧԪķٽɡǴɱ¾£ͻ
ûеõ͸컯ôУҲǱɣ
ͬģû֮û֧ôȻ֣ƴһҲ޷ƿ
ˣĿ¶ɱֻ֧һ֮޼֮󣬿ҪȻû˶ټ
һΪ׼Ϊûгֵǿ֮׼ǰҪɱԼ˶һһεķɱ٣
֮£ȴ¶Ըı䲻˱˵٣Ҳ޷ٿ˵ͷ
֮ǰٽ£ףٲó⹭Ȳͻĵ
˲壬δܿԵЧ֮ɶֵ˺ͬǾ޴֪پĪ˵˶ᣬԼ궼пⲻϵر
µģֻһ߲壡
ģ壬꣡
ɱһͺԲ°ĹңȻ䣬ɿ֣ɿһȡһϢ˲䣬ǹȻڵȥһĪ֮ݵ˹֮ǰ֧ϣ
ǼŹҶǹڵӴ֮£Ҷ
ؾ䣡
һĺХ֮Ǽһ̣һͬһ֮磬ĳ˳ȥ
һͬģֵԪһ֮֮Ѫ֮ȵӵеһУ
һȫǼҵɲǣڻһ˿֧ȫյĸɸɾ
ֻһ֮
ֵӱǹȻ˱ļ˺ʮɣ޷ǹ֮Ѫ£ֱԶ·ˮȥ
˫ĿȴĶǰЦǾһХض
һ֣·ƽˮ̾һع֣⹵Ͽ֮ƽ֮ǰٺȥԶԶһֻδֽˮǿзֿ
ϣ˿Ҳǳһ޴ѷ죬ѷ첻ϵ֮£Ҫƿ̫ǳΪֲõľǿɱ
˺Ȼĺˣٶ죬оۣ֮ɫ԰һƬ¶
ǰ꣬ȻǱΪǵλĩ֮첻ˣ󷽣Ϊ˾Ǽ֮ˡ
֧Хһ·ƿأγһȦȦβܷɢһɱǼ֮ϵķģ˸
һ̣ڣûκһˣһȥ赲ֱ֧Ӿٽǰӡ
ɫҰףҲͼ뿪飬ȴûκηӦ˿ǾһʱüĴʹѪ
֪ԼӲˣ͵ת˫Ҫʩչͨһ˲ǼХһ޷ٶȣֱӾӵüġ
һ춯ͷ­ѪĽ£ǲ߽⣬ڱ֧͸˲Ϣ׵ķ顣
ĲҽУոճ־ȻֹǰӶݵˣһɢ
µ˿òΪɲ˫ȴо֮ɫ֧˲Ϣͽӽֱָüġ
͵תɫŢ̌ǰһӣȴһĻֱӻûǰǹĻһ֣ǼȻ֧͸ЩĻƽ
ΣͷѪѪҺȻͻһѪˣѪ䶯ΣȴǼ֮Х䣬Ȼ͸ֱǾ˼µ
һжɲ֮䷢˵ʱȴǼ죬ɫ͸־壬֮ǰĹֱóΪǿ
ٳ赲ǰ˲䣬ٺΪƬҽӺˣû˺֧ɱ֮͸ƬüֱӴ
һǰһͷ­Ȼ߽⣬Ǽĩɢȥ
Ǿһɱ֮ɢȻӵ֮˿̺Хֱǰˣ֮ǰʩչռԤ֮ŮӶȥ
ŮĿ˰ԼĽñɫ֮£¶֮ɫ御ͶӰѰҲͰˣһ£ڱ˺ἫΪأڴ˽֮ļ磬½
֮УŮӲӶݣתǼԽԽȡ˫Ŀһеļ˫ۡ
˫Ŀպϵ˲ϢǼת۾ٽŮüģڽҪ͸һɲǣŮؿͻȻһ߲֮âûȴŮӵľһ׹׹һźɫԲʯ飬߲֮âǴʯڴ
߲֮â£Ǿһٽ£ǵ׹дŮƮϹâһ߲֮âŮȫ
ʱǼ´ŮüĴ͸ֱʸȥŮ˫ۣȴûյ˿˺ֻƮĵ׹ϵĺɫʯ飬ȴ֮£һơ
ֿӣʯ㣬Ա㡭һҲˣҲ㡭͵ĻŮӶص
֧͸ŮӺ󣬳ǰһһУֱ֧ӳڣһ̣ٴδڡ
Ȼ˲䣬ȴǼۣһµߣɫ԰ףһ˺ȴٴα
Ĳҽлڶ̶̵˲Ϣ䣬ȻΣֱһۺüֱѣ֧ڴ͸
̫֮һ𣬲Ц屬ɢӰ
Ϸ㵲´˼ҪϷһͣǰĺɢ֮Ի˷
һ֮ݣҲΨо춯ĸ֣
ɱ֮󣬴˼࣬Х䣬ȴֱĻȥҪƿ죬ӡ˺һȱڣ⿪ֵķɱ٣
ɾٽĻʹĻ˸ɲǣ£Ϣ߳һˣ˴źۣòڣһĪѹɢѹ֮󣬾ӡܷӵĿڣ
ɿݵ֣һץ֧
һ𣬻̧ͷ·֣ƽɳƵĿڡ
Ĺһ֮ƺһս̫޾ּ֣ˡϷ𡭡


1586 ɹŷ
̧ͷĻ߳ǺˣԷӣǣ
̫֮ףӵĪǣ֮ˣ
ǵɱϴ𣬻Ĵɽ磬ɵۣɳ̽Ѱ֮ˮӵķѣ˾īӵĹ齵սȵ飬֮˵ı󣬶Ӱ
̫ǳʱ񱻲ٿأºҲΪ
ֵļڣһͨ޷ĨǾǾ£
ڻȸ֮Ͽֱⳡɱʱ羮ȻȷҲһ£
̳ȸǺ֣
¡ִˮվɫƽա
ΨһûڼãȻվڶ֮䣬˺󼸲Ĭ
㣬̫ǳʱȻΪϷ֮Ǻ΢΢һЦɳƣƴһ֧һ֮£ɢС
ɵģһ֮ʶٳٲһ
֧Ȼ֮ϵɢ֮һķʽֻУǴ˼Ҳصڡ
ңѪӺζǺɢ˼ʸ󣬱֣Ļ֣䲽ÿһ£ֶһȫƱ˷޾ѹۡ
ӹģˮϣȻҲӳһˣ֡
һĻȥһ죬һڵء
ǹѹҲȻķһͬʱѹϣʹɫ԰ף壬һɲǺȻ޷ƶ㣬̡
˫ȴһƬ侲Ѿͷףһ٣Զɹˡ£ǹһ֮ʱȻ֪
˵ôûйϵһϵõ𰸡Ǻҡͷɿݵֱ̧ңңһָ
һָ֮£ɫͻȻâȫɢȴ֮ģȻһƬɣ⣬⣬ǴͻȻֵһֽ֮ɢ
ǽֵļΪͻأգ̫ԴϢ˰˷һΣڴĿͬʱӰҲǰУ⣬һȦȦΡ
֧ûжԿϷ֮֮й⣬⣬ϷıԴ֮һ̫֮Դ̫֮£֮һУɣ룡ɣһָڴڵǽɢĹâֱӻһȻ䣬ϡ
Ե֮£޷ǹ־ʹںƵڵ⣬ȣϤ̫֮ȼڵһУЩͶӰλꡣ
̫֮Щλ˺ļХУ˲Ϣ䣬ڵһλ꣬ȫɢ
ûλֵ꣬ų֮£ǹУȻͬʱֱ̫֮Ѫ֮УǿеļȥҪֵĹɣ뿪
ģĿֱ۵ϣ˸УҪΧĳ塣
ֱǿзʹ࣬ȵں֮ʱҪǿңɫŤȴûзκֻǶĶţҪסһУסշԼϵ٣
ܽղôֵһʹ࣬Ҫʮٱǧ򱶵öԷ
һɱﵣûʹã
ɱﵣпܲٿأʱȴǲںˡڵȣؼʱ򣬵ȶԷһЩóܸıһеɱﵣ
ֵĿӣǺ˿ɫкα仯ʳָջأ쿪ָһƣ壬ֵ̫֮˷֣֮žԽԽ̧һ̡
У£˳ֵͬʱˮϵӳӰҲ̧֣ͬȥ
̳ģں֮ǿзѪ֮
䶯ڴһ˺ѵʹʹּҪȴס沿˫ĿѪ˿Ķ
ٽһЩ
Ľɢ޾ɫѪȫëڴڹ֮УѪѪ֮֮ҺҲһ֮£Ȼ͸Ĺͷ֮ǰֵϸܵѷȱڴļ
˲Ϣ䣬Ǿʹ֮УȫѪҺҺڵһѪǷӸ컯һ̳׵׵Ĵڱ
ԶԶһһĻΪˣֵֻ⣬ЩĽɫѪһ𣬺ȻһΣΣ֣
ǻһһƱֳ˽ӰĴڷ֮߳ϣһ˿˿ԽԽ٣
ǽɫӰķɳֵüĹǵûȴû˽⣬ĿڵĹħǵ㣬Ҳͬû˽ɫ
Ǻ˫Ŀ¶⣬Ϻݺݵһ̣ǽɫӰĽ֣ȫȻϿѪȻȫķ
룬Ӱ䶯ת֮¾ۣһΣɵѪҺ
һѪҺڣ˲İɷ˸һѪҺǷӸֵ컯
ûѪûųַ֮ص֮ǰڴ֮ٴγΪ˹
˲塭˲塭ӺδǺͷƯǵνɫѪҺ˫Ŀ¶뼤֮ɫǼ֮УȴŨŨļɵ
𣬺ٻʧ̬ʱҲΨѪҺŻˣֵ֪һ飬ȴ޷֪ڤڣ֮¡
˿̶֮Уǰһȥ̧ҪȥץǽɫѪҺ
ʱ˫ۺ϶ſҧ⣬һڵѪѪһһѪУֱӴ䴢ѷ죬ںȻɳһ޴ĺɫ¥
¥һضʱһֵһڵѪ˸¥ϣ֮һȫ棬ǸȾ졣
֮ӡɣɱУֵΪֻܴһֻͷųһڱįӡǿ֮꣡
ѪҺµɲǣɫ¥Ǵʱһ֮𣬺ȻһŨŨ˷ܵ˻𣬴Ǳĸ¥ֱӴ
įӡϷ޾ϷˣֻһӰǴһǺӰգֻһƬѪĳ֣һɾϢ
ֱ̫ӾѪӰֵɲǣײϣʮɣͷ۵¶˺µա
ӣ
ӰЦпһۣһֱ֮ԶɫһҽȫѪҺѪҺ使ڻʧɡ
ѪӰЦֱӳĻݺݵһײ֮£ĻһȻһ޴ĿѪӰֱӾʹǿڳ˳ȥ
ʱ˿̣ǽڣȸϣһ䷲˶ڣǷһ͵İؼȣһȺؤ֮УЩؤĽľܸ£ĺݺҧһںշ
̵ģȻˣܱˡУҪȥܲˡף


1587 
̫ǳ۶羮һͨӡ£ǷӡӵظųĳѪӰЦײУǷӡһ޴
ĳ֣ޱ޼ʵؾҵһƬ֮£Ȼ˴Ƭѷ죬һѷǿԵΪģŰ˷ӶԶԶһΪˡ
ճѷɲǣ·ˮ浹ӳУȻҲѷ죬ҵУҪһ
˿ĻЦǳӸͲ·ײ󣬳Цȥ
СޣеϢϷӦɱ㣬㽫ϷųµϷˣǳЦصû˿ֹȥҲ˫¶أĿ£ǳӽɢ
ӵĲܲٿأһ׼ȻźɾˣԷĳ֣һ֮£ǻ˷ץȥƯĽɫѪҺ֮Σ
ͬʱԷײӡΣ𶯵ͬʱʹֵ壬֮ǰ״̬£Ի硣
Ѹ̧һѾץסƯͷǵѪҺѪҺ˲壬ѪۣھȻ޷봢ѷڣУһ֮£ֱǿȥ
˴٣ұԶɹ˵ر˺Ϣ̴ʱڴӦ󶼲˫ͫףɫ¶֮ɫһеĺյĿȥ
̫֮Ǿ֮ʹֹɷֿĿıΪ˻ȡ۵ǵѪҺѪҺ˵óзڻҪ֮
ظӵĳӱʮɣûˣʵ̫ǳĴڣϥı壬ȴ˵ڶѪ
ǵһѪڷס֧ʱ
˱ˣʧ˻ѪҺĻᣬһ˵²δ˼㣬ڹɱûгںϣų֮˵֮ͬ岻ϵر£ΪΣա
˿̣Ĺɱֿȴ֮лڵų֮ǰֱ֮ɢ
֮£ˣһʧһã
ʧȥ壬ʧȥѪͬģֵٴλص˹֮ûų֮ľ˻ָ֮ȫʧȥ࣬һɲ֣ƣǼٻָ
ڣԪ֣ήҲ񣬵ȴû֮ǰʼհȫ޾ʹ˷
ͬʱһνɫѪҺҲûбߣǱУܶɹΣǿںϣںϣʵǸͲܹ棬ֻԽԽأֱͬ綾
ֻѡΪһһ֮ⱦ壬ַʽܿų֮ͬʱ
֮ǰֱǷӸ컯ûѡ֮֮²òȥգȥںϣѡΪȥںϹɣĪ˵ڷӵ磬Ҳûһ˿
ǿȥ³ֻ
ֵ٣ȴǰΣλ⣬ǽ٣컯
ЩͷһӺХ
ͬʱǿֵ˲Ϣ䣬һϢȻǿڱȥ
ͬڣԭǺҹ֣һƬڳ˯ӰɾһɲڵĵƻͻȻһҫ
һ̣ԭڴֵܷķɱ֮أڵϢǿĳ֣Ҳ޷ڸǣת˲֮оͱ֮ͬʱӦ
ƺս̨ɼٺ߲ʽõĽܣڷһ֮£ϸ۲УͻȻɫһ̧ͷԶ˲䣬ɫȻ䡣
ãɼӼûκԥһǰ֮ǰֱһȥ²ƻصȴʩչȫٶȣɲʧ
ʧ˲䣬֮ʦͬ붨оѣͫһ˼ɢضȥ
ɽУرչˣ֮һңɢİ֮⣬ʱ˫ͻȻ¶֮ɫ
𣡣ɫһּ̧ǰһ˺Ȼ˺һѷ죬ǰһΣɲʧ
ͬʬڣרļһ죬߱Ī֮Ϊ˽Ĵսķ֮УͻȻ̧ͷɫ֮²̫ǳϢ˼
ͬϢģٺӴܣ׷׼
ããǺһ֮ˣĬĬǿУǰɫѰʲôջûа㼣
ˣˮ̾һҪǰȥɾʱȻͷɫ˲Ϣ仯Ķķ
֣ڲǹڽڵϢˮٲȥ֮£˫ۺɱ¾ϣһȥֱ顣
ٺڣ֮ǰ߳꣬ʼûҵҪѰҵĵطѽ֮£Ǳɵǿϥϸ˼ͻȻ˫۽һ̧ͷңңԶ顣
ף˫Ŀһһ䣬ǿղƻصתʧ
ɽУ˿̸һȴĪսϹɽ߳һΣԼٶȣֱ顣
ܣǷӡײɲǣȫӦ˷Хȥ
ӿǳ
һжɲǷʵϾҪǿ˲Ϣ䣬ۿתٽǲԶ˫Ŀ¶֮â˴μƻʧܣ֮ǰ˱ʣܴ˿ӡȱڣ֮ܽˣɵսϹǵһ˶п˲Ӧ
ǲ֣
ΣĪҪǵԼ֮壬Ұȡءƽ˵ͬʱɿݵָ̧ա
仰Ļһ̾ϢȴյĿϣȥɲǣһ϶γһ޴֮棬ֵֹĽŲǹâһֱӾͽֵںݺݵһ
˵֣˿̣ǳˡ
֣赲ȥ֮䣬κζ壬һϣ
¶ӣӱص˲䣬Զָ֮ʣȴһ죬Ǻ£âһգ֮£߲ʹâա
޾߲֮âɲǾͽһ𣬺Ȼ䣬佻һѾ޴߲֮ǹǺ֮£Ϸ
ɿݵֺݺһץֱӾץס߲ʳǹĿһ۵ͬʱһ˦
Х߲֮ǹһɻصϢһɸͲֿԵֿԼٶȣ֡
ǣ֮ǹ


1588 
߲֮ǹͬķʩչҲ֪ȫĿھӡǣֻδȫ޷ʩչ
֪߲֮ǹ߱صǷٽɡһǲһͨ
ڴǹ֮£ֵǰһоȫɢʣµֻ޾߲ʣ¶ЦϢȫ
ףԼ㲻ȥӲȥֲȥ߲֮ǹ١
ǰƸֳ֮ǰɽϣĹˮУǼɢƶǰһֻİɫ
ǷӣһɲĸԺǷͬĿдžŲģջǱƾ£ͬſ˴ڣǷû
٣ס
ձ߲֣߲֮â۵߲֮ǹХԽԽֿɬףһ٣ԼǶɲȥˡ
ۣǣôֵУɢȡ֮һɽ֮ɫ
ۺˣҪϢҪȥ˫ۣҪȥ˵һյΣȥһ˵˸ĸڷͰ׷ڷǰʹʧ
Լʲô֪֪ȸʿ֪Թ֮⻹֪ȸǣȸ
ȥ֪ȸǿգȸһǣгȸǵĴڣҲȥ֪һе棬֣ˣҲֻˡ
ͬȥ֪⣬죬ƺٺӡ
Ҳȥ֪ԭһУҲǽڣ棬أ̫ǳƺĽ⡭
һ·һ棬СС
ˡˡԲ𡭡ջûѡƽԲ𡭡ΪˡֿɬУ˫ۡ
һж߲֮ǹХٽ£Ժһɲǵ˼֮ǰһͷ
˫Ŀϵһ˲䣬ǰؿڳذݣѪ˺գͬˡ
鳾
ֱŵ˫ۣ߲֮ǹֻмʮɵһ̣ԺڣһĻĻܰĻ桭
Ժڣ׳һ̴һԣ³ͬʱеһСľԣϴ΢Ц
ֶڸԱߣ˫°ͣ¶˷ܣǽεСľԣȥܵģ죬׿һ顣
ԶĸһιʳߵһЩѼһʱͷǸӶˣ¶Ҹ
潥ɢΪƬЩƬ֮£سһ֮еľɽȡ
ɽһľݣĽǰ˿˸˵װΣգһҸ֮ɫǰһӣ˶Էܾúܾãڵȵ񣬿ĬĬĿŶԷֱ㡭
˫ǰĹḧŪ
£統ĸһһľͷĽΪ̡
Ŀɽȣһ˵ζ
⻭ɢȥΪƬ֮ٴһһɽɽϿХĬĬվɽ嶥ˣӰ˹¶û䡣
ǰɫֻ꣬ŨܱɻǴıӰУ͸һ
괩Ŵֲӣڸɽ缴ٴ󣬴ҲƸͬһ֧صĴɽиڣ½ɽ̫ߣǷ紵ɽľ
иڣʲô¡
ƽԶҲ֡Ÿ׵ıӰ˵
Ժһѣһͬѵģֵ壬߲֮ǹžĺХֱ֣ԽԽ
ʱͻȻУڸǵĿڣȴһȻ
ף
ֵļΪͻأⶼ޷赲ĴصƬصһɲǣԶͻȻɫ䣬˫Ŀһ̣¶һΪľ
ǳӳ֣ûˣһֵȴ˷ʶ˺ɫ¶޷ţһŨ㶼޷εľ壡
ҵˣ̵ģȻܱɣɫĹĻڣǷų˴ļȣ¶⣬һʹ˳
ŷӵĳ֣һŨŨĽɢ
ɫ仯ΪĶһ̺Ȼˡ
𼸺ɢǷӣɫ˲԰ס
Ƿ˵䣬һ۾Ϳ˱˫Ŀ֣߲֮ǿХȥһ£ֵ߲֮âڡ
Ƿһ㶣һ֮𣬸Ͳȥһ֮ӽɣֱ߲֮â֣촫֮ء
㲻㻹ûͱ棬ӦҪȥܶطġǷӺ¶˲ͳ߲֮âڣһѱסڱ֡
߲֮âĳǹ̺˻֮ǷӱסֺеĻ֮Ȼ߲֮ǹ֮ԿֲΪ䱬ߴΣÿһζᱶ
䣬ǾҵɲǼÿһҪ֮ǰ𶯣ձǿ˺ֱӱ
·ˮ棬Ҳһ˲Ȼӡأ׵ĳΪƬŰ˷һϷ籩
籩˺أ˺ǿգ˺һдں󣬺Ȼǿ£һڶУв֪ͨʲôطһƬڡ
Ƿӵ˲壬֮£߽ΣձŻԵ֣߲֮ǹصķ籩£Ǻڶڣʧ
˿̣籩֮£ǻûرӽģ͵ǰȻɢĺڶ֮
ķˡķˡ˲嶨ڸ֣û裬ȥ¡ˣԸ񣬸ȥˣġˡʶˡ˿ڴģɢ
ɢһ˲䣬ͻȻϢһˣսϹڳֵɲǣ̧ģӰһָ
͵ػͷŻ㱣ʧȥ˾˿̱֮һ˵ƺ£ӰȻʧӰ
սϹüͷǰ֮ǰǺڶеĵطĿ¶˼֮ɫ⴦ӡ֮أ̫ǳֲãǿϢָҲ޷˲٣顣
һϧ֮ѪǷӡĪǾڵǸˡû뵽ȻķˡǱǺڶɣǺڶղŴ򿪴ϢǸ֮㡭һһ˵ءսϹĬУҡͷתȥ


1589 ɣ
ȸǣããǺɢ֮âԶɼ֮أƽΨһĳ΢죬ˡ
ǳַɱ֮ء
սϹʧ֮ȸǿУƳĻصԽԽ࣬ռǿգǲڣһӰ߳ɼӡӣأˮȵȡ
ǲͬʱ֣½٣ʶһĺɨǳĵط˳Ĭ
ǸֵܲϢͬʧʱһ
ûɼ¶֮ĬĬڡ
ս𣬴½ⶨ̾Ǳĳ֮ǰֵһĻĻ
ˮ̧ͷԶǿգĿ¶ŨŨĺ⣬һɱ¾Ϣܡ
ңƺս̨չءˮ˫ۣսı䣬պȻֵӣһĮʣмơ
ȥѰŮɣѡֵӣվ̨ϱչأΪһ
ʦܣһһв֮ˣˮһ˿ᣬҶһ𣬴㸴𣡣ˮŵ˫Ŀڣı
ⳡɱ٣˴˿̶޷ܹһɱ¾Ȼǽ׼˺ܾ֮һμƻűܿǵĸӦɱ١
֣Ѷ׶༪١
ųĬţ˽ɢȥֻǹɱŭȴȼյĻ棬ԽԽҡ
Զȸǣɢ͵ǹ⣬㲻䣬ϵһϤˣԳڸԵ֮ڣǲ֪﷢һС
̩ȻȸϣĬĬغžơ
ԹڣǹϵԺУǷĹ¶ֻĹǰȴûʹޱӰ
ΨмտյľƺڵϣҲûҵľơ
ֻȸϵľ޴ǿ֮գƳΪ㡭
պһɫ꣬ĬĬվǵ£عͷУˮ˳۽ʡ
ʦʮĿ£۷֮ʱ˵ĵӣ
պһòŮӣģۣһͷЩϵĻĸɽ壬ˮգ˵ϡ
塭㡭С
պһĴ󺺣ǵǰЦЦЦţ£ƣҪǵͬ
˺󺺿
ûָ޵û꣬顭꣬㻹һ¶ꡭ
պһ޵Ůӣվǵǰһվããǵֱճ䣬ճѭ䣬ĬĬȥˮתȥʱ£˵ϣˡ
ľü
պһɫˮȹŮӣƣȸǣ˵¶׷䡣
ʶ檣Ȼʶ
պº󡭡ŵḶ́ͬʱ⣬ûоͷҲҲյ㣬еģֻɢ塣
һƬڵޣû飬ûһУŵĴڣơڣһѪɫѪɫ͸âֳһȦǹȦڣֵΧı˺ۡ
ԱߣǷ˫Ŀգֽңûаƣüļ䣬ȴһ߲ʹâ߲ʣǳǹ˲˷ӵĲ壬ȴ䵱ش֮û˱Ļꡭ
ѪɫȦ֮ǰŵǵνɫѪҺ͵ĽǶ˰ڣ˫ۣ֪Լ˯˶ãףԼҲƬ̡
ɬУֿ߻Եķӣ˫¶ͣ̾ǿ̧֣ǰ£Ŵһѷ졣
ɳһ֮£СջâӴ޷Ĳӵ֮ڡ
ֵ˫ۣ¶ǿ֮âƣ̧ʳָץŷӣԷһʳָԼüģ¡
εת˿һ˿ʩչһԴͨε
ε֮ڼλǧꡭУȥԴ״ɣ
Ĵ£ֱ˫ۡ
С磬С磬ѡ
ôӣջҪˣѡ·ԣһªĿջڣǴ಼СӵĻƣεϣһ˵ꡣ
˴ǻһ¡
ߣ֮Ҳߣٴ֮ҲΣΪΡΪλʫʫʣ̧ͷŻƣɵЦ
ǺǣҸ㣬ҸղһΡμԼɡ˵ţֱӵڵϣ˯


1590 
    峿⣬͵ڴϣʣһͬëһľƣչĻϣһΣճ֮ʱ͸ٺɫĹâԶԶȥһƬλ֮ɫ
Ȯ֮ԼյĴ̣ǹٵԵĿջڴƮأʹĻ棬մȾ˷Ϣȴ˾ͻأƱ͸ˡ
ǵļ˴ˣУǹٵȥβӻζһɴĳ֮⡣
ʱԶ̤֮ȴٵͷһƬ𣬻Ƿɳڣƥۣż۵Ĵ󺺣һɫ࣬Хߡ
ǵٽٵǼ֮ܿԣʹЩƥڷ£ԶԶȥ
̫ǿջǰͬʱʹõһٵԵĿջҲŵ
ջǼªƾ˽ϳ£زУܵĸ֨£ջڱһӶ¥Ŀͷڴ
££Ϸϰ꣬ÿμȥˡһϵǿջڻصȴڴڵĽһŴֲСߣǹһںƶ
棬ҹСƣƲƲ죬ëڼϣһտˮŵŵŵ¥ȥΪÿһͷڵĿȥˮ
ʱڶ¥Ҳĩһͷڣһбڷݴϣ䶼˾
֮Хȥ֮Уϡɵ˫ۣӣŶͷãȻĿܡ
̰£̰¡ôơ꿴Լʮ˾꣬޳òƽһ֮
˿һЦͷʹһԵĴԫѣĵߵԣһһں£ŸоԺһЩ
ԺҪмǣĪҪҹʡ£˴ˣС곤̾ٴκ˼衣
ʱ⴫֮ţǻƵ
ˮ͹ҪҪ
æˣͷǿڡ
ɡ
֨һ򿪣ǻˮ߽һԵˮﵹˮ󣬻ͷһۣЦ
ƣδ˺Ҽ׾ƣӣҹô㶼ɣҰ㱳ЪϢСУҪϰһ˵Ĺүÿһǧ
ɫ΢죬¶м֮ɫǻһȭЦл̨չˣĳҲ֪ģȵһްɵڶ븹
ǻһЦˮǰϷ֮ɫ˵ȥϿɣҹҲϵ˵˸Σˣ˵ĵҲȤʱٺ˵˵ͦġ
˵ţǻЦ˳ȥͨ죬Цҡͷǻߺˮԣˮϴ˰ҹޱϴȥ˲١
ƿ˿ͷһͬģķ磬Ƿ紵ϣ곤ĺһ
ҹ󣬵һΣκ֣һ㶼ûеվڴԣ棬
κʵ˷ֲˡȻǴǰʱʼҼ˺ɡǺǣҲȤֻƺûֻ꣬ǵü˺ɣľûˡɡؼ䣬ôܻأˣұˣŹ֮ҥŪհˡҡͷתһϵĲ豭Ȼԣ̧𣬰ռеӡǲ豭һָ
һЦһָȥ
ǲ豭һƽķٴЦЩͨ˼
ˣһ˼һװбī鼮ڣϸĴɨһ·䣬ڵľɢһɾŰ䱳ϣ߳˷䡣
СȴǴӣɽﳤˣǵһ߳ţڸĸĴע£׻׻У߳ɽ壬񳤴Ҫչһ
ⷿң˾Լһ£Ҳ˼ǰĻȥ
һ¥Ĵڣ򵥵ĳһЩʳס޵ĿǻƺЦһȭӭ⣬תȥ
͵ϣʹ꿴ҲϢǻһֺĸо̲סøС
Ǹɾװʹȫ˳ڹٵԣǰأǹٵͷĵطģǰƿԿ˳ңԶԹǡ
֣һеģʱѵɽӳźϣǰһȥ
棬Ų֪ӺδĻݷ㣬ֵϣɫ趯Ĵ֮ĽŲؾǿջԽԽԶˡ
ֻ֮Ƿдɢ֪ȥ˺δܣģֱΪ˿
ʮ˾֪ͣƣ˳Źٵ߼˫۴鶯ʱͣܵɽ֣ӡ
Ĺĺܿ죬ⲻ죬ʱʱĲ£ǰһƬϸܣǻ¶һɫĺӵ
Ǻˮ紫ԹмٵˮͬУִ˿ߵ·ˡ
£ֵ࣬ɽҲ಻Զһʺ·Ҵֻϣ˳ߡ
ԶУһƬƻһһԶصУؽԶԶһͬߡ
֮ʱһƬʣҹɫδȫ٣ͱ󣬺ǶˡԶɽҲΪ˰ɫɫȴ޷ڸǡ
ԶԶһɽƾɽƣȴҪɽ֮ͣͬһɽۡ
˿̣һУˮ£æܵһԣӱȡһѺܴɡɡ۵ţȫſڣҲɡ¡
ɡԶڸǲסĺɽˮ£ڴأҶԱߵĺӵˮ棬һƬͬʱˮ飬ɽˮĴֻϡ
УƷīδɽ봬ȻˡһУһЦ
Īɵ˲ɣҼҴֻˮЦʵˣһǺӵϾ밶ߺܽĴֻϴȴǴͷվһɡŮŮһƣ۾ָ֡
һ㶣ЦȻֹͷ


1591 δʱ
Ůɴȹһ֮ϣŵɡŨɡľˣɡҲҶһ㣬һ͸һ˿˿ë磬Ϊء
ŮɫòǴ˿ü˫۵ţǱһĿ֮
ʱĻ䣬ָŮ֮䣬ںϣҲɽУˮһ壬Զɽ·ҲǳˮīһĿ
ſţֵȻ
ǵһ߳ɽ壬Ů֮ŮȽϣǷһ
ŮԭһƣɿԼɫͨ󣬲ɵڿڽЦŮ˼һǶġ
ιӣûСŮЦУҲһӶ˼ĻڻֶС
ǳ֮ˣ˺æɡ֧һԣǴͷŮȭҾһ
СͻˣĪҪ⡣
ŮЦǴͷԵӣҪ˵֮ʱڣһͶ˳
ʦã
УȴǴڵĸһִֻƿһǣ¶һŮӵĽӰŮ¶һɲǣĻһ˲ͣ٣޾УŮӵòֵĿС
һɫ°˫߳ʧȥ˸еɫַĳ֣ڲ಻Ĺâȫϣ£ǺӵϣУؼ䣬ŮӣΨһˡ
ò£üȴһ˿ǳǳƣԥ֮⣬ÿߣл𲨶
кǴŮһۡ
ŮЦǰŮӵ䣬ָźӵĻе֣һ㡣
ʦ㣬ʵڿɶᱡĿͻӴģҲȤ
Ů¶΢ЦĿӭ֮꣬ңңĿ£֣һ֮£һϸĿ˼ۺãһ
Һ񡭡ʲôط
ֱŮͬʱעӣϸ죬ɿȼٴαȭ֪˵ЩʲôæתȥԶĺɽīƣԴ˱ܹǷеȻ
ְ֣ô飬ȥңƼˮ꣬ͣ˺󣬻Ǽ·Ϊá˿еĿľ
λӣ࣬ǻһҹԵϴ꣬һվסޡŮӿְ죬ڡ
ᣬȴĻܡ
⡭ԥһ£̧ͷһɫպѹѹһƬˮƶʱ䲻ͣЪܳһҹȥ
ϴ꣬㻹ɫĪǻܳ㲻ɡǴŮԥӣĿһɡ
ʦáŮεĿŮһۡ
ֿЦͷ䱳ϣɡ̤ŢС·ĻУŰȥ
ˮһ𣬽Ų̧бˮճȾ°ϣǵˮʪǺˮ֮һЩбһߵӰֽһҪˤ
һǼ䣬ֵˤУһĽסģŮӣŮ˫ڵһ㣬Ư𣬻һĻΣ̤ǺˮеС
лվڴϣͨ죬Ҿ
ӲضŮɿ֣ЦһԡǴȹŮҲеɡŮߣ֡
ӳڣڴδ˽ŵʱŮӶ棬ȡ±ŷһԣεʱͷȻڳ˺ˮ
ӲؽšŮӿֵӣ¶Ȼ΢Ц̧ŻӰȼ
ǻһڣӳ¡
ǴȹŮԽֵɫԽȤЦָ
С֣λлС봬һܡŮһȭ
ֻƣ˳źˮƮж£ǴڣˮǶߵĴﶥڴľ죬ˮϵ֮ںһγ˺һࡣ
ԶԶȥؽǴֻĻУһյƻɢ΢Ĺâⴺ֮ڣ͸һ˵ů
֡Ϊܾãʲôط֣ҲǺϤƵġŮ֣ɫǷŵãֳˡ
ף֣֣ҺʲôطǴȹŮһ㶣ϸĿּۺ¶˼
֣Ӧûм㣬ûŹֲǡǴȹŮãҡͷЦЦڵ
ҽɣʦ㣬֣㻹Լʺˡգգ۾Ӻǿɰ
СŮŮڣɲãҲֵϤ֮벻Ϊʲô
ʱţһ֮£Ļƹļ϶Уʱ¶һЩܿͱڸס
ˮԽԽ󣬻֮ȡȫʪķ紵ڣʹζ
һ䣬Ůӣȴɫ糣ûв紵֮ˮ͸ļ϶⿴ȥһƬڡ
ſţֺȻ˻㱡
ڵҹⰲĺӵϣؼֻʣһ񴬣ڵɫŮӣƸһֲʵĸо
λʦƣܹСԾ̤ضˡֻУӺ䣬ǰģ˯һǿһԵĴڣ૿ڡ
ǿɲʲôˣȤǿߣءģԽӵ˯䣬ƴƾԶԶ
ϡ䣬˵ɡ
ôֱ˫ۣ˯ȥ
ҡΣҲζǴȹŮŮӡ
ʦ㣬ֻһ鷲ˣΪҪʩչ˯£
Ůų˯е֣֮ˣһֻȴôҲ벻㷽Ҳ˵Ϥ
֡֡ǴȹŮüͬã
֮Ůҡͷ̾ˣȥ£ǰɡ
ǰǴȹŮЦ˿ڵء
ʦ㣬ʱˣҪȥ׿ǻϣһŲн챦ǻɵ̽ѰǿҪһЩǵΪ벻ϣܼʶһҲǺõġ


1592 Ϸ˭
ŮͷŮһΣҪ뿪⴬ֻǰתĿһۣҪѶԷӣС
ҪȥʱŮԥһ£ǴȹŮѾ뿪˴ֻԾ˰С
ʦ㣬߰ɡŮд
ԥУŮӻͷ䣬ЩĲ壬Ჽ˹ȥڴһģһʵһЩ׳УΪָϺ΢ૡ
ǣǰôŮ̾תȥ
꣬ԽԽˡ
ӵˮڵڣһ񴬹¶ƯУ͸һ˵ζǼįϢ
ˮ˴ֻƯεĲƣĻڣֻԽԽԶǹ¶£ӵĵطΨǴӴ͸΢ƻ𣬻Ǻڰζ
ԶԶһĻζ񴬷һֻƯеĹҶǵƻĳУʻεľͷ
ˮĴϣڵ֣ȴ˯ĺ
ϵǼףһɵ㣬Ǽ䣬뵽С
ɡʦ㡭׿ơŻ˯ૣŮûȥЩﶨһ
˿̣ȴˡ
ֵΣһںɿɣʦ㡭Ǻɽϵģһֻɫķ
ãҹ֮һ𣬳ӰϨҹںһ
峿ˮͣˡ߽δȫѺڰɢȥʹУЩ谵˵Ҳ
һҹˮƸ߳һЩ˵Ѳɺӵİߣȴǰһɼ
ˮγ˴Ƭ࣬ǺӵԶƮһҴֻ⴬ֻˮţźӰʱԽԽˡ
һ⴬ֻ뵽һߵڣͬǳһˡ
ڣֵǴֻͣٵһɲǣͷײһԵĴϣʹ֮˫ۣãȻ˿ܣҹ飬һ֮£ŮȴӰ
ҹһŮӵӰþòɢĴֵԺ
ǻþôЩֲˣͷ˸ϵǼȻŮףȫѹ
ֻǣгҹŮ֮Ӱ⣬ǼΪʵξٴλص˺ɣȻŮӡ
һУֺãһԵ̨Ҳû˻⣬֪ʱϨˣʹڣҲֻɼ
ֳ֮Ĭ̽߳Ż谵أʵһУ̫ԶֻǱǷһڸͬʱҲŵһķ㣬غһ
Ī˼ҹΡվڴͷˮ֮ͣʱһƬž־ûκϢڣ˿ֻʣһˡ
ţһֹ¶ĸоԼ֪Ϊʲôž´ɢȫǰ谵գֹ¶ĸоԽԽŨˡ
촵һͷڷƮɢɫЩ壬Ƿ紵棬ȴ޷ƽ
Щ䡭ֵͷԼҲףΪʱֹ¶įĸо˵Ũģң븸ĸһС
ƼǲһŮˡ
ڤڤһεۣ壬˫ۣˮ
ôᡭˡ̧֣һᣬзεᣬֵ˫Уûв£޾ı밧
ôˡֵͷϵˮǰУһεε£˴ڣЩˮһ
ؼ䣬ֻʣһ˵ĸоһֺϤӡںܶʱ򣬶һˣĬĬ֮УĬĬȥƷζһУǼįУԼĹ¶
ģǰ˻㱣ƿһԨڣԨ³޾֮ǿƿ԰ק£±һѷ죬ѷУһ¶Ӱ
ͬܰΨǹ¶ӰգȴܴǱӰϣܵį뱯ˡ
㱼䣬ǿһµ꣬һͷ׷ɢڼϣһƬǿĬĬǰȥ䱳ӰͬŹ¶
˺ܶ࣬еˮ£ֱڣأؾĻ꣬һΣ˿УϤļž¶£ҵһ˿ˡ
谵£е֣һˮ棬ãá
ֱк紵䣬ʶ̧֣һָԶ̨̨һĵȼˡ
ԼûвһĻдãȻǲ֪Ӻδıˮ棬㡣
žУ谵£ǻȼգγ𣬰֣ܽ𾡹΢ȴ͸һůڣȼš
ԶԶȥϵӰ£͸ɪ
ʱţԽӵڰϣϣˮϣֻɢȥܵһУˣԶʺɽҲɫ
ΨյĹƣﻺƶһֻīķɽзһƿŵУǹڣֱӽ䴩͸ȶųƲ֮Ϸ裬ת˼Ȧ󣬾Ȼֵķ
ܿǷٽ⣬ֻ̧ͷǰɫķߺХƵͷһۣĿڣ͸һֿԲıһУ񽥽ʧԶ
ȥǱҲɢڵҲϨ𣬻صӡ
ǡôˡַѣͷŹָϣδǵµᣬע£ǾӨΣشָ
֮վӣãеĪˣʰװŮӵڣϣ߳񴬡
´һ̣ͷ⴬ֻһۣתǰһȥ
ʱͻȻ֮УǹƾͷһХ֮춯أ䴫ɲǣʶ̧ͷһĻ޷ŵĻ档
ƲڣƿԷֿأƲһһ磬͸һƬˮ֮ƣھϷյɲǣͻȻһ٣ɢһɫŮӣͷ·棬̧ͷ֣һۡ
סŮ¶ã
ôˣʦãһɢ߳һʵ꣬͵Ůӣʵ
ûʲôǸҺʲôطŮҡͷȥ
һ˶ѣǻǿȥʦŻϣȥɢĵطͷ·һۣջĿŮԶȥ


1593 ҹ
գԽԽĺХʧڣԶȥˡ
˭ϤϤૣв֪ģһĪĴʹɴʹ뷽ɢıںһƻһֵĺͣͣɫ˲Ϣ԰
ģ˺󼸲ĿصľͷְֱؿڣĴʹ糱ˮһ㽫û˵ʹУı˺һ긡ơ
һУȫ֮ǰշɹŮӣŮӵӰԺƴ£ֻǰӰģȴһɸӵ˼
ãֵϲһ˿ѪɫŴ˫ۡ
ԭ˴ڡҵΡôֳĬʪϣֱճ׵ãȻ˫ۣĬĬǰȥ
εˣǡεҡ벻ףǰյһΣ׵ĸı˹켣
ٴ̤Ϲٵسȥ֣û֮ǰۿܾɫģǳĬţǱϵ䣬Ųζ֨֨һ·Զȥ
ճ䡣
ٵϣ̤ˮһ죬ƣʱһԣó£Ϣ󣬱ٴǰС
֮֮ʱԶÿЩһֶһԣЩƥӹٵϼ۶·
ת۱죬У壬ҲƽʵճߣЪջǱˡ
ʱһƬĹٵׯȥһ˵סڿջҪġ
ֻǴʱ֮ʣֶֻʣԼһ˵Ĵ¶ҵ·Ե񣬿źʵյǣһһǹ£żůŸĸĴЦ˯ˡ
ǰȼĻѣҲžžȼ£Ϩһ̴ǻƮһ
ҹķ磬ź⣬ֶѣÿܵļž£ĬĬǺڰڰоϤڵҹûк£羲ˮţϵĺʵٴ˯¡
ʱڣԹ꼾֮УͣˣĻҲŨܲʱصͣ˰󣬾ͻٴλ£ϴء
ڵڰƻ֮ʱֳɡſЦǰ·ɡ裬Хֻǻƻ裬ȴȻ
һ·̣͵سǣȴԽԽˮڵˮʱˮϣʹɫʪ˴룬ϣϵָо䡣
Ǵˮķ紵ƿͷִһɡϣ鼮лµܱʪ
ŵϵĻֿ꣬˼͸ܵĻѰҿԱĵطԶ䣬ϡһģһӡ
ϸֳɡȥٽģһ
֨죬ҹĴڣһɭ֮⡣
󣬺ӣȣһȹţˢϵĺҲµ£Ϊ˰ɫŻҲ⼣ˮϳɻһ𣬵
һĺſӣѾزˣǷУϵҡΣ֮ǰĸ֨ңң
ŷԽҡεİţǾҪſϱһ
ֿ첽߽һ̤ȥԺڣ洦ʯӲݣǷ£ЩӲݱѹӣĻζţǻˮ£ɳɳ졣
һ󣬰ɲֿڵһУǾһʶ˺ԺԵм߰׹ǡ
ɫ԰ףԽԽҧ֮£ȥǼﲻ֪İ׹ǣߵڡ
һԼɵ󷽣գֻԿϵɫҲ£߰ߵУ䡣
ҲлˮƬ˶ദˮ£ʹõвٵطˮ
һɭϢڣ԰һݣѰһûˮĵطŷ£󣬴ȡһЩ;ͣʱ۶ռĸ֦ǰûӵȥ
Щ֦ҲδȫҲʪֵ˼ζûгɣӺ䣬ٴεȥ
ɾʱһը죬Ǻ¡¡˫һУХɲǣһ޴Ӱܡ
˭͵̧ͷǿѹеľңš
ܴ󣬼Ǻ˳ⰲҹڣոɢȥɲǣȴǰǴǰ̤֮ˣҲŵһ¡
˭žֵ⴫ȴһڣˮƸոմˮӣǰɫ԰׵˺Щˤ
ڵֺӲ˿ڴæ߽ڣһۣؿڣִһ
ˣ
һ㶣Цҹ˿һȭǸҹ壬̨̫ĪҪ⡣
Ӻһֹ˼ȥ֣һԣ뻳óСʪļȣſţȴ۴
ҹУëȻ˼£ŻžһȴһξͰЩֽƣ˻ѡ
ǻһΣڵһбǺ䣬һЩ
ӿſţҧһʪļȣȴ죬ȻЦЦ䣬һ¡
ǸӡһЩˮŨѡ뿪ɽҰ룬ǹٵԣҹͻȻôһӣǻ﷢
ЦЦţٴο
ˣˡ벻ˡ˭
ĿڣأȴתͷǷӣ̾һ
δʱϷ˭ǱĿһɲǣ֮䣬ҲǷֲٵ
һֻأҲһֻǣʱѡૣдã⼸Σ˵һ˼ĳĬУķ·ܵһЩʲô
̾ϢУִȡ˸ǰĻѣߴˮĻ֮ߣĬĬĳ
֮ƶ䣬ɽ˵أڣԣƲλ꣬
һŻ⣬һżȣ֮Ǳӳյʼմĥ͸΢ЦŶˣ㡣


1594 һֻ
ŻѵĻ㱣һʿˮϣͷ䣬ǲԶӣԼĸϵ촽¶֮ɫ
ŶԷӣЦˣһ̣ƶûİ
㡣ִóӡ
˫ֱˣݺݵ¿ˮæ˹һץŸھ¡
óԣóԣѾüûԶˡףô˵һ£ҡͷвȥǣ۰Ͱ͵֡
ʲô֣Ϊʲôأļأóݸ˵طʵ
Ӹһ˵ĸооԷӴԽԽŨ·֪ʲôطԷйʶϡ䣬֮ɫ
ӽӹҪߣֵĻһ£ĸٴδ
Ҳ֪ҽʲô֡ʱɽ벻ˡ⣬Ҽǵʱн⣬кöҪץңߺߣҲҡӿУҲģˡ
иͣŶԷٴμھͰĸȥҡͷʧЦдȡˮݸ˶Է
Ӻ˼ڣһãüЦʼŵļȵ˹ȥ
㣬Ȳóˡ
ֹһЦùȣûȥԣǰ÷
꣬ˣ罻ŴĲϵĻζʱԱߵǽϣǸ֨ͬʱҲ֮ص
ضһƬڣΨڵĻ͸ɭУɢ΢Ĺâ
ӣڻԣʪů
֪Լ˭ҲǺõġʱ򼴱֪ˣҲȥ룬ԼǲǱ˵һΡΣʵ˷ֲˡŻѣڡ
Ӻ˿ˮҡͷૡ
˭˵ģȥԲ֪Լ˭жʹ࣬ߺߣҪ˵ǲΣֻҪģֻҪԼúܸˣǲΣǺõġ
˫ĿһԷĻ˴
ֻҪԼģֻҪԼøˣǺõġҵǿƾˣõԺϺӣǲȥݵֳĬ֮󣬵˵ͷ
أʲô룿̧ͷǻһЩ֦
Ӵ˸ЩˣԾһ¶֮ɫ˷ܵĿڡ
ҰҵɶˣҪкööʯҪкööкööóԵġ˵˵ţ˿ĭ
ʯʲôһ㶡
ʯף˵ʯôʯɶҲһͷ֡
ֳĬƬ̣ȻһЦȥ⣬ǷӣҹڣĽ̸
֮˵ĻǷԭ⣬˵˵ţԽӵľԼҲ֪ΪʲôֺůԷĸоͬһ
ķںХ֮ʱǻѴľҵҡΣ˴ųʪĺȴûи˱ĸо
Ӵĥ͸΢ЦҲĺɢ
ҹˮûнСŰǰĻѣҲûȥĸ֦ʱϨһ
Һ˵һܣܣҿûиκŶߵ˵
ֿһۣ΢Цͷ¶Ȥ֮ɫ
ӵ֣ǰ
㿴㿴ʲôôָɫӵ⡣
ֻ⣬ʲôûУֿ˰죬Цҡͷ
ףʲôûܰţȥϴϴæܵһڵĻˮұϴһŻصߣٴ̧صĵο˰ɡ
ɫŹ֣ٴҡҡͷȷʲôû
ŭˣִ
ϸ۾ȥ㡭㡭ôܿˣˡ
ͷӵǰϸһᣬЦе˵ͷڵˣȷˡ
ٺ٣ôɣߺߣҪҵˣҲ²⣬ӦʶҡһԣԼֱۣ
ҪҵиоƺӦҪչңӦҪȥ棬ȴˡû˹ˣʣԼҪҵһҪҵ
Уɫ¶ӴĿԼֱۣԽԽ˯˹ȥ
̾óһʵԷӣǸϡǸ·Ķӣ̧һץתӣ˯ڲ࣬֡
ڻԣǽԽԽϨĻѣžĻˮУĬ
ģãΣΣı䲻ʲôһֻһΣôⳡҪģҪᶨȥ
͵ΣһǸʣ׳ǷдĹ¶įǷݱˣȴļ£ʹһЩ
˿̻һǻȫϨһ𣬺ڰٴֿһԵϣӵϮҪĿ˯£Ȼ͵˫ۣתӡ
ڶԷұϣ֮ʱȴ΢Ľ˸ǽǴֱɢȻһģӡ
һֻε֣ץסǷӵұӡǡ
ӡһɺϤϤĸовϵãͷ˿Լֻ֣ӡģ޷ָϱϣִ˰գҡҡͷ
һҹֱʱͣķ㣬ڣƮС
һҹΡ
˫ۣһ壬⣬վӻһнӲӣͷ䣬ӻں˯ұȻָԭ״ҹĽɫӡ
ɻĵףʰһװһɾĲ·ǰӼ£Էϡɵ˫ۣЦűȭ
һҹ꣬ҲԵ֣Ҫȥسǿƿܡ˵ţͣǷӵͷɫû¶
ĬƬֻ̣һĸóڶԷǰˣһҵǸ˵ģһ
֪ģзᣬ˶Էһۣ̾תȥֻǻûţԷǿ
ˣˣҲˣû˹ˡ
ֽŲһ٣գ֮תڿŵӣڡ
ҡȱһͯ;ܴһЩӦް
˿̵ֲ֪һ仰һֻأϡһˣǸˣڵ֮أȸ˷ڣһԼߵܼһͯ
ǸˣճǵĹ𻨾ƣϵʹǮ


1595 ڵ
ʱڣԹڸ䣬ǳأǰƿ֮صܶ࣬ǻһһˣȺǰԹУ漮ڵʮŸسǣֻʮŸسڻ˹Ϊţǰճǣеڶοƿ
ճǵԴһˣΪյԹ壬ĴڣʹճǽΪԹī֮
ճ֮Уӱ֮ˣ㱻֮Ϊվ٣ڹ涨ʱڣеվ٣ҪȥԹһɳ죬Ȼȥ
ִŸĸŶδ㽣̤ڹٵϣ󣬻һ˸ɾӣ䣬Ų֪ӺδСеӡ
ջɵģȴûֻ꣬ǹٵϻˮ͸źͬʱҲһ𣬱Ţ
ԭͿԵسǣֱƻ裬ֶ˷ԶڻƻʱִϦµǳء
Ϧ£ٻɫĹâ͸Ʋ㣬ǳǳϣԶԶһһֹŵͷƻĸо
ڵˡֳ¶ͷڳĺˮһ·˺ܶ飬ʱһ£ԼҲú졣
󸣣ǰسˣҪסһӡ¶΢Цͷһͯ
Ҳϲ֡ӿʹҡͷ
ҾúܺðֲֹһЦŴ󸣣ǳǳǰϴ￪·ǵıʿһ󣬱ö˽ȥˡ
ƻ裬سڻǼΪֵ֣˲٣һܸһЩջûҵĿͷ
ۿɫԽԽҲЩȥһջڻһշܼ۸ĸߣһͣһ˽ٵļһҧôȡӡ
󸣴ӻóִŵһʹУСȡһ㣬鲻Ըĵ˹ȥ૵
ӿɲˡʹǰʲô飬֪ǳǳҪ
ֹ£ǻɨֶһۣĴȥ˿ͷӣѾ̫гִߣҲֶһ֮
ԸӣܿǻƵɫȴûзϡ
ͷס˵Ҳʣֻһɷùζƿͷʱüͷһ壬ڣζز⣬Ϻõķ䣬Ļ󶼻ˡ
򵥵ĳһЩʳͷڣֺڴϣϵյ͵ƣȻ˴󸣵֮
͸ܲշתãֻ޷˯£̾ӣǴ󸣵Уԣȡ鼮ƻ𣬿
ſţ䣬缱ٽ󣬾춯أΪҡһǶʱɢǳǺ֮سǣ˯֮˾ѡ
ǿسǵձ˺һ޾ķХУɨأ˳ƬŢɳµҲţسһϡ
žž֮ڵĿͷϴҪƴһ£޷Ķ飬üͷһ̧ͷ
ʱͻȻͷĴ͵رһɴƿȴһΣϵԱߵĴ򣬸һˮֱӴǱ򿪵Ĵڳ
ϵֱϨ𣬷̾һƬڰֵͷǷ紵ɢң·ҲҵĴǷе뷿ڣе飬ҲЩûȱߡ
־һӭŷ߼ԣҪȥ°Ѵϣɾʱһ·ǴըһǾҵƻˣһ
ʱһ罻ǰŤһһǿ죬ڷŰг˯سǣȫ֮¡
һ˲䣬֮â£ǰҹеСǳأһۿȥһ¡
ٴοһ·л;Уֻɫڱ绮ϣǷ׵£
ƲֵĿ⣬Ƿİɫ񣬵ͷһ֣һɲǣһһĿۡ
Ϊңǽϣһһؼ䣬ֵкȻ˴һ˵˼ԺڲϵջΪһģ
͸ã͸һɲɣֵԺڣƻص
Ϊʲô
Ӵڴϵɨֵ壬վǴԣɷ䣬ХУһжɢΨһʣµģϵİɫ
Ƿһȣ£һâֱֶɲǾٽǰĴϣվĬĬעӡ
ֿá
㣬ں˵ôૡ
ʲô¶ãȻǷĿһۣӷ𣬴Ӵȥ˼Ȧһ˻ƣʧˡ
ȥеȴƺϣԽԽҵ£ƴֵ˼ʶüͷ̧Ŵһָ
һָ֮£ĿڣͻȻһӡһӡǳֵɲǣеȻֹһɳԽ־Щȥ
־֮׵ľԺ޾ˣͱҪˣǽ磬Ҳһָ֮¾Ϩһɢ
磬ҲһָбܿӭȥһͬĻ꣬Щˮһɲǣĺˣ飬˿龪תۼ䣬ˮͳ׵ͣ
ͣµģسϵˮһ־һָ£Թ꣬һ˲ȫ߽ͣ⣬ɢ굹
Թڣշеλʿ׿ɡˣ˿һɫ¶Ȼ֮ǰһߣ͵ػͷ¶޾𾪡
Ϣ찡ʲôΪ
ԹգһƱͬʱ缱ɢ¶һһŮˣŮӣüɫ԰ףͷȥ¶ãߵǸӣɫ䣬Щ
ͬԹڣټҳǣԪӤϹ֣ٻԪڴ˿͵˫ۣ¶֣һľĸо
ɽһ۵ߣգüͷ㣬ǻˣ˿̣ȴǼΪ࣬͵һѪָ׷ڳ¶Ź֮ɫЩš
⡭ôܣ
Ҳһ̣ԶȸϣȸڣһǿɣһɾԺɨ弶ɽХ񰧺أԶԶȥһž޴ᦣ
޾գϥһˣһӣǶʦ֡
㲻ϷһʮߴΣÿζûгɹĪûϣô


1596 ڵĹ
Īǣڣ֮գĿܡӷ񲣬ЦʱͻȻɫһ䣬͵ػͷңңԶ
ף˫Ŀһʱ˫ܼ
ǡ⡭⡭ɫٱ仯̶̵һ˲˴Ԫ˾ŴΣŴεĽȫһ
һо޷ţЩĵĽۣ
ĬУһΣֱɢӰȴŲֱ֮Թȥ
ԹһسڣذˣΨسһջĶ¥վڴǰ֣૵΢Ļص
ʲôǡ
һҹʱ䣬ţֲ֪ʱصԣϨ̨ĬĬķ֮ǰڵϵػȡȫ
ȥأ˿Ѿ޷磬ꡣյų𣬹âִأǣϲķ֣յƣ峿Ȼȫʧˡ
ĵգƣϣ˼Ҫ壬ʱ
ƽ죬һЩƽ꼾ȥĿһЩ
Ҳ˹۾պüЦһָ⣬ִ
ҹ˸ΣεһָɢˣɣߺߣҹȻѰ֮ϧϧˡ
ֵ˼֮ʱĲԺУһҹû˯ȴκƣֻüĵʹȴ
üģ˴һۣϵ΢ЦԼҲÿˡ
ͥʧ˰ɡ
Ϊ˷ܣΪ⡣
ʱմҴңسǵĿƾ٣ҲպУŵյȴڵ磬ĵ£ӸסĿջ߳سĴȥ
ڣֳȥس·˿⣬û뿪ջץһʱ飬׼ͬܽţһοȡǳˣɼȥһʧܣôһжҪͷòصĬĬĵȴһεĿƿ
ֲʧܣ̿ĸĿ⣬ԸԼʧܣøĸЩ۸ڶǰǿưοʵЦĿ⡣
ʱ䣬󸣿ǱﻵˣӺöֶʱԼȥسתƣģʶһЩˣѧ˸ĵı졣
죬ԡ㣬һɫʿغһ뱳Ĵ󸣳˿ջſȥ
Ҫȥģǵس֮һ·Ͻֵ֣в̯ЩСͳ̯λЩȥϿЩʳ
һȥֵȥϿܶ࣬˴˶ɫҴңǣŽţԶҲºæȥ
ĺƽ˼Ӻ󣬱˿⣬Ⱥڶ࣬ģȴûʲô֮Ŀл֮顣
۵ĹԱĮЩǵĴڣʹ･һصķΧƽվſϵգȫ
Ĵ󸣣ҿɿſţȴɫ˵ͯͲ󣬶Ա֮£ԼЩ롣
ֹ˼󣬴󸣱óӣݺݵҧ˼ڡ
ʱٿһ٣ֻ˵֮ƴԶصسǣ͸һɳء
һ죬ЩĿһ˫ۣɫأ֮һӱ¸ֳ
СߣóĪֺȡʸ񡣡һ۹ԱƤһڡ
Щһ뿼ÿ˶ᱻѲһȷûСŷȥ
۵֮ʱͬˣˡ
ֻ֣üҲ⡣
¶΢ЦĴ󸣻֣תȥ
ҵдԼֵλƽ£ڿٵעĿУµĿ׷״ϵֽ
ֱó˱Ĵ˷ƿֽ󣬲ʱɳɳд֮ص
ƽĥīǰֽȴҲû±ʣƿʱһ죬ܿɣ㹻˼С
ģЩһ˼ǣҲ˼һһʣڱֻʣһ˼
˿̿ƿĿһǻܼ򵥣ֻһɽɽһűֱĴз磬ڻζ
ɽ¼ʹգһɽ˼ᡣ
⻭ȷ˵ıǶ֮ĸ֡ȫĿܿдҲΧĸ
ֻֿǻʱԺڣǰصȴٴ˳
ʲôǡ
ʱţת۱㵽磬Ѿд£ֽЩδɵīɫ¶ϲ΢΢ҡͷĬ
Ψ֣ĬĬ¶ãʼû±ʣ飬ǼҲɵĶ࿴ּۡ
أ½뿪˿ǵ⣬ʧ䣬뿪ͯ߶ԣԶԶȥˡ
Ϧ䣬ҲʱѾֻ࣬ʣ˲ʱ⣬һҲ̾ǰһۣҡͷȥ
Ͻ뿪ĪҪ˷ʱ⡣һüͷߵߣһá
û̧ͷ˫ĿϣϢ͵̧ЩˮīűմһЩ˫Ŀ¶֮âֽϿٵд
ΪľȻɽľһճȡ֦ȡľȡߵһУصǲɣ峿֮ϵдԼ˼벻⡣
ףվԵļԿ˼ۣһϸĿԶ༸Ҳ֮׷ȥһ֮£ЦУ˦ȥʱ༸Ҳ׷ҡͷ߿
ΪľΪȡľΪȻľò֮գͬҲһ׮
ַ±ʣؿһۣĿеɢȡ֮Ļһã̾Ψһʼվļһȭʰţ߳˿
ֱȥǼֵıīֽϸϸٴοһ飬¶㱣һסǿֵ֡
ȶ˼Ȼһϣ˻ܳɳ͢Ķ֮ţȴܳһ壡Ǽ߳ãʣֵϻһȦ
߳һ۾Ϳ濿һ£һ죬˯µĴ󸣣¶΢ЦߵԣҪѶԷѣʱͻȻһȴ֮£Ȼһɺڷֱ󸣶ˣưڵĵطسǷָ
ǺڷУû߳һ۵ӣһɱϢȫ˫Ŀ֡
Ϸ򲻻˺㣬ֻشһ⡣
ڶʦ֣˵سǼеĿƿռ䣬һһѰÿ˶ʳͬ⣬ձĨȥ˴µļ䣬ʧ֮ٴѰһˡ


1597 ǰһ仰
ڶʦ֣ǰվڴǰʶĻһָױЪһɲǣиӦķѴԪ˾ŴΡ
ҪȥѰڵδҵһ֮ͨ·
ŴܣŴμ㣬ȴǵõһоĵĽۣһβţŴΣδˣɲȥš
һܣ޲ָԹָԹһسǣָسڵ
ԣˣǻĵĸоسѰգѰ˼ȫֻûеõκĻش
ЩֻǷˣܻش⣬ӵΪĪ˵ԹȸǣҲǿ֮УӤ䣬Ӥ䣬һ֮Ϳʶ
ӾӣڷХ޾˻Ǵ󸣶ߣʹƷָһƬģ
ʼ˯صЩһ㣬תԶڵڣӡ
Էˣһףֻȴû˿ĺη壬ֵģӿǿ󣬿ʵϣȴС
ԼҲ˵ΪʲôǰҹԼԺڲϻ֮ϷһЩı仯
仯˼룬һ˵ĸǸոд¿ƿ֮⣬дǶʣ
ƽĿӣɫ糣ڡ
˵ɡ
һվ⣬ϸĿּۣȥԷƽķһʿ
Էƽɫӣȴӿ˲֮һ޲ڿһɲǼҪֺ뾪֣Ҫʩɲڡ
ĵһ֮ˡ
ⶼ򶨶ݣӿȥԷƸͲںԼĳ֣ûаԼˣ緲һĸо
Ҫ֪ΪǷĵҲҪ²ĤڣִϴѹǷ˿ԵֿʿҲҪֱӱѹȻ־塣
ִ˿̵飬һֻΣΣķˣȸֵĴ֮
ִ壬أ컯ѧ죬ӵһɺȻη˵һʿԽɱΪԽߣԽǿԸʿϢ
ˣ޵Ȼɡ
֣ӵָо֮ˣĬƬ̣ӱȭһݡ
Ϸ졣
һ죬֮һ֣󣬺΢΢һЦӱȭϣֵϢԽӵŨģܺХĺڷ꣬ܿȻҿ㣬˻Ҳֱȫɢ
һĻӾ棬˫¶֮âãԼҪĴ𰸣пܾǳڴϣŴܣָпܣǴˣ
Ϸʣڿ֮ͨ·Ϸ֮󣡡ͷɫ¶ϣٴһݡ
ɵĴУϵشȥһ鷲ˣⱾǼΪ飬ԼҲˣǾŴܣȴֲܲţֵĲϣ֣ȴԷĻش
⣬һ㶣Ĭ
һش𲻳֮ҡͷͲ֪Ϊֻܴ²³һɵӡ
û˵֮¶ɬҡͷа̾գԼ˷ΪǲһȻȥʷйɴ֮¡
ϷˣǵϷ򲻻Ĩȥļ䣬ӿЦдһ˦תûãҪȥ
ɪıӰԸܵڶԷϣһδɽѹţǴɽ£߸
ȥһڡԼΣǰԺڻصƽĿڡ
ǽҪԶӽŲһ٣תͷĿϣ֮صĵ˵ͷ̧һָʱڷ˷ХֱӾ⣬ֵӣ̤գһͬ䣬ʧӰ
سڣûκ˷⿼ķǷųֵĺڷ磬ҲǷ˿ԿǿĴ£ɣת˸ֹٴ˯¡
ȸǣ֮أңңУɫ԰ףɫȴǼΪ򶨣⾡Ǻڷӣʹվȡ
Աߣ졣
ɽš·һָʱص䣬ȴڵɢʹڵڲȫֵС
ֿ·ڣһϤĸоĵƶһУмһϸȥ룬ȴûа˼
ȥߡڡ
áûԥһΣ赲˿磬ڡڸɽ壬ʿڣɽŵĿЩʿ̸Ӧ׷߳ʱһ۾Ϳ졣
μ
ȵ֮صЩڵʿһɫŹ֣ǿֻǷˣȴΪŷ˵ء
¶ãڣܵһУϤĸоһЩطڵΣǰ֪һָоϵȥԽԽˡ
һɽ£ͣ٣ɽĶɽҲϤĸоŨǲ֪ʲôס
ʼոţ˫͸֮âϵش֡ʱ仺ȥģڵ壡
壬Ϻ绷һȦȦֱʣΪ׳ۡ
˿ɫֿ壬ϤĸоʼմڣȴһЩʲô֮̾ҡͷҪ˵
ȻһڴȴһɫӰȻɽ嶥ڣһ֮
ʦ֣ǣŲɣ䣬ǺӰ߽ͬҲһӣĿһɨ
죬Ϊ˿ں֮ʣĪҪģȥչء¶οڡ
΢΢һЦֻǷˣܿһۣȴ˿ûмУתһȥʧ֮䡣
ˣȴڿһɲǣʱƺʲôһŶȥӰˮ֪Ĵ۽
ʱһֻɫķɽŵϷһ˻л
ڣͬһ죬һڵ֮ͨ·
ૣŶıӰˡ
һãȭһݡȫţȴǼһҲû˵£ĳһ죬ܵ˴޽֮ʣԺڸֳǰǸĻ


1598 һԼ
֮ʣǰǲֵ֪һ仰Ϊ㣬лƲϣֱ˫ĿϵһɲǣֱԪϾͶڣΪһ˲䡣
ʶɢһεɢҲһ̣һʱԶӶݵЩɽŵȺڣһӺƽˡ
ڿ˵һɲǣʶ޷Ĳƣ𾪣Ȼķ֣ǸˣȻǰʹǸ
ãһ벻Ĳ²⣬ʶɢԪӤΪʮᦵĻꡭ
ֱͻصԹسǣվǿĴԣǰ󸣻ڳ˯֮ǰһֻһΡ
ЩˡգٴοֻɫķУʧƲڡ
˴󸣣ڴ˯ϡ£˻ص˿ջµգڴأѶ˵Ӱӳգĺܳܳ
سǿƿպд£ЩĵȴУһ١ϰߣŹ
˹ǰճǣμճǿƾٵʸʸ󣬱ӵһɳĻᣬһΪվ٣ͿǰԹľȥһƴ
ǲŻ磬ճǴյʶͻ£ܰյ֮ţΪôõҫ޷ݣ
ԹѧӣĿ
سǣѧУҲֻвʮ˿ԻŹֵ֣ܲǰéȴ⼸ʮ֮С
Լʱַû˷ܵĸоƽĿһۣ˸߲ңҪĴ󸣣·ȥ֤ݣȡ˻Źƾ֤볯͢ԶԶȥˡ
ô˷ܵģֳţ
̶̵һ飬֮иı֣˵͸ˣÿҹξʼմڣҲѾӦ
̬Ȼı䣬ٴֵʧ֮ʱ壬Լ֮ʧ䡣
֮Ȼʧ֮Ȼ
һж㲻ʲôֻбɣˮžͬɽɽɽɽɽɽ⾳һ̶̵һʱ䣬Լû̫֣ı̫̫ࡣ
һϢѧ֮УֱͦļƽĿ⣬ҲһȻ
Ϊɣ俴ޣΪͬ˽ܣ
ΣⳡΣҲԸִŴ󸣣䣬سǳΪŵļʮ˻ףǸУȥسǡ
ʱһƽ뿪ݲȡ
󸣸󣬲ϵؼʱֹ䣬¶ʹӡ
󸣣ȥƣسǳԣֽŲһ٣Ŀ˲Զľ̯ȻȾƣһͿ
Ѿˣ㻹ҪȾƣǴƤһץؿʹҡͷ
ʲôǧɢȥȥƣ¶΢ЦһѴ󸣡
г̾鲻Ը̯ԣһĿɿڴּۻۣˣУƵСЦԺܵ͵ļ۸˴ơ
ȡӵĴ󸣣ʹľɫҲŤֹš
ҵģҵİҵİ
ȻʧЦùƺһڣɾˮ˳£Ц߳سǣɫæں档
˿ʱ֣£ԽԽԶֵıӰϣǹ¶įϢɢ˲٣ȡ֮ģһ벻
ӣҪȥģԶԶأؼ䣬󸣵
ճǣ˵Ĺ𻨾ƲҪȥһٺһھƣ԰ŵͷɢЦص
ճǣԹϲ⣬˳Ǻܴ󣬼СϪѶʹճǣˮ֮⡣
ճǵԴյͬճҲǾۼ˼ԹеĲӣвӵĵطȻٲ˼ˡ
ǼϪϳлڣҹƽΪ֣ʫŪ裬ʹճǣһƬɫ֮С
ģճڴСС𻨾Ƶḷ̌ճǵĹ𻨾ƣ˵ĴٹǣҲ˵ճ𻨾ơ
ճǵĵյʱϲ˾ƣƸغƵֱպ֮𻨾Ҳ͸ӱ֪ˡ
µ·;ת۹ȥ󸣶ˣһªȥճǵĹٵϣһߺ;ľƣһ棬ʱЦ
Ӱˣ̫ˣ£°㿴˶پƣӼˣ󸣴ſǻ͸ʹϴ
ҪٺȥǾ㵽ճǣҲûȥסˣȣٺȣ󸣵߶ԽӵƵ
ӣûַУƳʶеĸо
޷ܼͯңûӣȥ׬һЩǡЦϷʣžƣſһԵĴ󸣡
ڴ󸣵ĵ߶Уƻ֮ʱϦ֮͸ɫȴۣǼΪͣڻλУٽճǡ
ճǺܴԶԶһͬһ۳ǣֻڣ罭ˮһ㣬Լ֮⡣
˳ǮǴ󸣵Уʣ޼ӣЩ˳һ·ϵĻѣ󶼱˾ˮ뵽ֵĶ
ֵľҲ֪У˳Ҳǵ֮ˡ
³֮ʰһװһ£ӰƮݣɢžƺ֮Ҳɢȡ֮ģһѡ
ճǵĽֵϣһ·ȥ࣬ѧռ˴룬вٴŮӣ׺ճǡ
òѰϵǹȴǼΪ⣬ڽֵĿ⣬вŮӵĿͶɫ糣žƣǰȥ
󸣸ں棬ʹûһ첻ɫ˿ɣ̾Ϣϡ
ƻ֮еճǣɫǼϪлڣ֮ƶվһͷźˮеĻˣ߻ơ
ӣǵҪ˭͵ۿ۲ԶļŮӣ˿ĭ˫ð⡣
һеˣһơĳ֣ӡ֤ҵһ²⡣ɫƽ૿ڡ
ǾվȣҪҸ˵Ŀջɡ󸣿Ѿ˵ľƺС˵ȥơ
ҡͷ¶ЦЦ֮ɫ˴һۣƿڡ
Ҽǵ׼˲٣Ǵڻȡ͵
ôˡգգۣɫΡ
˽صЩóȥ𻨾ƣȥһСӣסڴˡЦתȥ󸣡
˿з紵沨ƣϣͷƮǷᣬ䣬һ˿ů⣬һͬģ֮
㣬ôૡ


1599 յ
ߣ֮Ҳߣٴ֮ҲΣΪΡΪλ
µճǣڹ︴յļں󣬽뵽˰ٻʢǧ·ݣƴһ˿ҪµĹ
죬ȥѩһĻͬѩƯΣٴһЩЩ趯ܣƮƮҡҡ޸ͬʱҲųһ˿˵İˡ
ǣûмң뿪˼ӣֻղ֪֪Լᱻ紵ʲôطǺϣΪĿˮ֮˵棬ҳһ𣬾ţڷܼɨ
ǵˣǷ磬ͬķ磬ǲͬ
ôһװ׵ģģڰƮ裬һҲĻͷվŵһ̧֮ϡ
žƺһڣ˵Ǻɵʫʣ󣬿ȴ͸һɷҪ׷Ѱؾͷѡ
󣬸һͯװӣӿɫ¶ᣬ꼸ÿһڣӾͻʹһ֡
һ𻨾ҪǮӣ󰡣̫ˣһڣ൱ڰǮӡ
ĵһͣ٣ûеյ㣬̾صٴδз𣬴ǰƮԶãȻķ裬Ҳ͸һ˿֮⣬֪ԼգûƣĹ֮
ǺӰԣһƬһ֣˿Уһ㣬зƬƬУˮƮţ沨
裬ᱡһˮһںȸ֮ƣЦص
ǻϳ˴Ͷ⣬ŮӣŮһ˸٣˸裬ʹ⻭˳źӵУһӵʯţ¶Զȥ
󸣣ȡЦתӡ
󸣿̾Ϣ´һһƣ鲻Ըĵݸ֣ſǻڡ
ӣĲˡ滭ƣСţÿĻѣ̫ˡҪҪǻϰɣҸ˵ĿջܽʡһЩ
ʲôҪȵˣûҡͷһЦӹƺٴκһڣһԣЩɫŮӸŪң͸һ˿죬ֶֻУȴʼ޷
ӣһ˽صЩǶȡˣ㡭̵ģˣôȥ죬ǾҪȥҪˣ
ⶼһ˰һ˰㵽ڵ˭ôʹһ㲻ϵ߶
Ӻ˼һЪϢһŮӣڿڽЦ
۾һɣŮһֹۣ˼Ҳһƣݺݵغ˼ڡ
Ҫȵ㣬ǺþƣһڰǮ
ǲԡֿһԵĴߣҡͷ֮ȵЩˣߵǵٵŮߣַڹϣŮһ죬æ˫¡
Ҽǵһӣ֪ȴӦôġУ˫ۣǹϻص
տʼɬǶ϶ӣɽģȥ֮һ
һ˵ıĵ⻭ڷܴȥ
ǴЪϢŮӣ˿˫¶ãȻ֣͸ıܵȴֱ꣬󣬲ɵһ
֪ʱ˵ٵĵط֮ǰٵŮһԣ¶˵ɣʧķ̾Ϣڡ
󸣣ҲһºһһںžƣʹԼ󣬷
Ľһӣȴһ֮֮صäŮҲ֡
˿ֱ̣ŵ˫ۣ£ϣڣ֮Ʈɢ
ΣÿҹﶼѰУ˺ֻܶ࣬ǲе˶ģôˣгֺʼնģ壬ɾģĸоȴǺ
£Ưںӵϣһʯţֱƻ䣬һҹ١
ֵһ£ֻӦóֵˣȴʼûг֡
ŻһʯƮʯϲ֪ʱվĬĬŻ߻Ǳ˵
ˣǰ׷ԲԵߣһ˴ֻƽվȴǱֱͬɡ
ɫŲɣ˫¶ǣվһɵĺϢ
յ
һ֣֮һ޷ǱУ͸Ųɣͬº󣬻ͷȥǼڵĳĻ棬ʼġһˣϷûаյ¶п½ԶȥĻϣٵ֣ƿڡ
յִͬ̾˿̿һϳˣǿУʼտĿֱյλߡ
ѧҲû뵽ᵯ٣ֻǵĿ󣬾ôӲǰݼʱδһɫ¶
ԽԶȥɢʱյȴ΢΢һЦУǰˮһ
ˣϷʲô
ֵ˫һ٣ͣ£˫ۣãͷϵߡλãһۿȥֻܿһˣһǵڶߡ
˿ҹɫ֣һ¹գҹɫУߵӰЩģŵܣҲ¹£
ֵĿ⣬ڴ˿Ҳģߣţܵʣ
Ӧһʱ⵹һһֻأһһΣôӦģеҡΪʲôģȴˡΪʲô
ֵһ¶࣬ȵģһУһĻãȻһ죬һƵĻ棬ǻУһԼճǺˮϣʯϣ֡
ûеԼߡ
Ͳ֪ͨڵ飬ֵˣܲµеҡǣһԭѾ򣬵Ϊʲôûп¶ã벻ףԼ˿̶ԽԽģˡ
ֵãƯԽԽԶ
ʯϵ߼ûлش΢Цٴκһ
ˣϷΪʲô
ңǹֵ촫ŻԶȥɢˡ
յϴ΢ЦŻʧĿУͷһѧ
ʲô֣


1600 ʮ
֡æڡ
Ծҡյϲ֮ɫ
Է˻΢ЦдӻóԾĿģΪöԷһڲͬԾ
ֻյͲֱա
ֵԾյϸĿһۣ˵ͷ
ˣϷһЦУյֿһȻԶȥĻӰһɫУƮ뻭Ŀ֮䣬ֲյڿڿתȥ
ʱ֮ʱҪ׷Ѱȴû˺ۼ
պִŴ󸣣뿪˻վڰߣǾסһµĻһµĺĬá
ֱʱҡͷһ̾תҪȥһ˲䣬һ˻һ͵̧ͷա
ȴϤİɫջģǷ£վԶʯϣֶһۺٴη𣬳ƲڣǰɫӰͬ
ôૡ
ƿվ٣ûвμӣ뿪ĵ죬㱻ȥճǴ壬յŸСȥߣسǵļߡ
յŸ󣬿ȴǵţľ֮УһİꡣͥԺڣֿ֮ǰͷѯԼߡ
󸣱ͥԺ⣬յԺеͤڣŹ𻨾ƣһһ٣ľУĽ̸
ֱ¸߹ңյһݡ
Ϸһͽڶֻ࣬ˡӽԺϷһϷƾˣҲʺϡϷΪҹȥ֮Թ壡
Թȸϣڶ࣬ϷΪȸǵĴ壡һ̸ϸٻ̸Ȩ죬ȴصӵԼ˼룡
ؼ䣬ҵǷˣȻҲ֮ʿϷһ٣նҾܡ
ϷЦ죬Ǭ׷ѰĲǵ֮˼صĵֻǴҵ˼룬ȴǿƿЩˣһָͿɽҵȷ˸𣬵ҲҪǰ߹ͷ­
죬Ȼұص·ֺγȥ̤أ
飬УЩߣҵһǷˣǷҲǷͬɽ֮ȴ֮˼һУչн
Ϊʦһͽ֮ʿˣΪʦѯ⾳Ҫﵽǻ˼ľ磬׷ѰѯʺΪߣ
ƽֲƽ֣Ըȥѡ˿̵յɫ£ƽֻһ֮ˣϣȴĸܵһ˵ƵϢ
Ϣһɰأ֮󣬲һԼ˼룬Ϊ˼ڣʹյ̤۷塣
˼ͬһŻ棬յȼգԾ춯ء
壬Ǿʦյ֣֡
ֳĬ֮ٴյһݡ
һΰݣָʮ꣬յȻʮ䡣
յЦУֵ֣ͤڣ仰ص˷
Ϸˣǹٻ磬αԹڣȥ˴˴½Ĺңɽˮֱ̬ʮʱ꣬ĹǰϷʹأпǻʶһĻĻ
˺Ϸ˼룬
ʲôΪؼѭ
һҹȥֵһҹ˸ı䣬ٴȥƿ˵ͷڳĬУĬĬ׷ѰԼҪҪģ˶ڸĸľТ֮⣬Ǹأ׷Ѱڵ
ʲôʲôʲô١
󸣣סյĸУÿյ̻壬ϣִϢԽӵŨ
һĿƿмʮ˳Ϊվ٣̤뾩Ӵһɳ죬Ȼ磬һбֿȴˡ
ûˣֵȴԹͬ𣬸ѹǼһɳվ֮Ϊյʱţµ߹־û뿪ճǣɵݻյִʦ档
ѧҲãҲգʿУҲ˺ܶܶ࣬ԽӵƽԽӵϲƣԽӵѡ
ת֮䣬ȴȥһʱУȻҪ꣬վʮǰյΪͥԺڣ£ʯ
յ壬ԽӵĲϣϴ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬˿̵Ȼ޷ʮǰһҹƳ̸ľϣʹţУһͬȥ
ɫƽǲɢʹӺյΡ
ֶ㿴ڣΪʦˣҲԼһÿڣͻ֡յɳƣǺܺã̧Уһ֣ˡ
ˡڡ
ҲһôǰƮ̧Ҫȥץסջ׽ԼˣŻյĵ˵
˵ʱйɢʹĵٴηԽƮԽԶˡ
֣һ죬صڣҵԼһţôˣʲôյЦУһָա
Ϊʦ
̧ͷ˳յָȥֻѩһֲܶ࣬ܶ࣬һյָ
㿴Ϊҵһյ˫ۣˮ¡
Ǳ紵ţճһյԺڣյȫʧˣΨճһڣƮҡУԽԽԶ
һʱҼ㣬վϣ¶ãȻ㣬Ҿ룬־һ޸ã·ʲôУ޷ס
ҿ㣬ǰɹһţǰ˼Σ㿴ҵǰ
ҿһΪڿ㡭ʵ⣬ʵҲһΪ㡭
ǸʱҾ룬Ҫ㡣յϣתͷϵ¶飬֡
һ
һһ׮ܾãʲôطƵġյתͷա
УÿڣǶῴǣֻǲף֪ÿһʱ٣ΪѰǸˣΪǣÿһһ˵һ
ֻˮϣ˳УɢǵСûҵǣҲԼ
ĬĬ̧ͷһ꣬Ʈʮǰһ
أ񿴵һճһĭһһ޾УĬĬƮţɷٴҲһǡ
ߣ֪ӺδƮ͸һʧ䣬һŮӣǹ¶ĵȴУΨ顣


1601 
꣬ꡣ
һΣʮꡣ
յǰ϶ȥȥ֮ʱһĶУҪȹǸ죬Ҫٶ£ȥһһ
ֻǣ˼أ壬ȴǸı䲻Ľ棬һ궬ŨѩƮǣճǵĺӵ˱ıǴµѩ㡣
ڵľΣճǵĽֵϣѾӽѮ֣һɣŰɫĳĬĬյš
һĶ죬ر䣬Ʈµѩ紵ţڶ˵ϡ峿Զɽµƶ֮£԰ϴһ
ֶΪʦҪˡΪʦһûãʦִҺֻܶΨ㣬ҵ˼
֪֮˵Ѿˣ˵ʣվǻᶮģҪ׷ģҲ
ۡΪʦˡյڷУֶߣֳĬ¶
յʮ꣬ʮִ꣬ʮ˾ˣɳ꣬յߣѧ˺ܶ࣬ѧ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ѩܴ£ڸǰĿ⣬أճǣֶڵĽֵȫ
֨֨ľƶ֮΢ɲΨе߳ӡǣͬͷȥ֮Կ㣬ûбĿǰȴյڡ
ѩ£ǵϵӡǸǣںһ𣬾Ҳˡ
ҡȥɽյϵΪ˫ȴأԼľͷ
ĬĬͷľΣǸ֨£ǰţյյ㡣
ѩԽԽӭŷ磬ѩϣڷϣڻΪ˺СľΣ߳ϵĽֵ߳ճǣԶԶģճ⣬Сɽ
ɽߣȴ
񿴲ɱ˫ۣȴԺڸɽһһľܸܵɽںеĺһ㣬㹻ˡ
˳ʯɽ˶֮յı˫ۣϡ䣬Щ֧Ųסˣ΢ϵ˫Ŀڣȴ¶ʮǰһ֮â
Ϊ֮յḯ࣬˼룬һڵĹ켣ȴѾ֣ɢ
ңȥյԽߵǰյ˳ָķ߳ʯɽ·һƬѩ£ɽ˻ȥĵطһš
Ǿͷĵطһ·أǷѩдڵȴʲôƺ˼ʮֱ꣬ա
ǰյĹ˫ûᣬһƬ͡
ˡ˵Ҫһֱңұһֱɽ£еҡյУĹϵűʯϺ䡣
˵Ǳʯ䣬ů
ģ˫ۣϴ͵΢Цʧȥ˺
յ档
վãתĿ⿴ɽ£λãԿճǣԿճڣյĸۡ
һŨŨֵУã磬ʼ˼һʲôĴڡ
ԼǰԼֻأһΡֻһ֣޷ȥһ󣬷֮УųõԲȦҲյ㣬ֲˡ
ʮİºɽ֮ǹ·ԣֶһأǣٹ¶ˡ
յĵ꣬ʮꡣ
ĸĸҲڶǰɽֻǸĸϰɽճǺܲӦס˼º󣬱㻹ǻص˼磬ɽڣƽ
ʮ궬죬վԺƮѩӵԹʵ۵ʥּ
յ꣬ʥּ
ʥּݴƣԴȴһαһλ˵Ҫȥȥʦ
ʮʱ䣬ֵ֣Թʿ֮ʮδ뿪ճǣÿĿƾ֮ʿݷãŽ̵
һУյйأͬģҲĪĹʮУһЩٹˣһЩӣǵİݷ£ֵԴ۷
˽֪Ϊյ崫Уյһġ
ֻǣ²Ǿԣ൱һˣϿֵĴڣΪֲ֮Ϊ壬бԹʵΪ
յǰֻɢɢյ꣬ȴԽԽ࣬ԽԽߡֳĬڣһƬ֮
飬ֲδᣬƽΪ顣
ֵĳĬЩ֮˸ӷǳյȴΪǹ֮塣˵ƶ£ܱΪңԹ
Դˣûᣬճ䣬Ǵｻ棬أѰٵļ׷Ѱһеյ㡣
ԼҲãȴϵȥЩ֮ȥᣬԸȥ֤ʲôЩ˵ûκ壬红ͯˣ֮
ֻǣԽǳĬԽߣΪģյУǵȻλȴǾվ˳֡
һԹʿһƬңѰգǷ׷ŵͬһ籩ɨԹ
ҳ˶ʮǰֿƿʱĿ֮Уֻһָ֮Ű
Һ£ԹʥּΡߴΡڰ˴ΡھŴѩһ٣ֱָ֡
ΪֵģǲֵĸĸĸĸȻԭ԰ֻ꣬ܵⲻϵغ£ɽ߷Ҳ֪Ϊ֪˴£֮£ɽָָ㣬ֵĵһɷŭ֮
˱ͣһ֮£ֵĸײ
һĶ죬վԺһ飬Ǽĸд£
У֪丸ް
һһĿż飬ƽ˫Ŀڣһ˿ŭ⡣
ЩˡְѼã뻳Ʈѩڡ
ȥ֤ʲôԹĺٸߣҲа㲨֮һ֣⡣
ͬһһֻȥĸء
κ飬һȣֵĵߣĸĸĸ֮ŭĸ֮ʹĸıˣֵŭֵʹֵıˡ
󸣣ȥҪѧʮ꣬ӽʮ֮ڣӭ֮ճѧһʳߣ⸮ۡȡߡִһ˦תȥ
ȻĴ󸣣ʮǰһɫ¶˷ܣ߲ͬѣЩм֮ˣԶ֮֡
ֻ͸ڴæȥŴ¡
ߺߣҼҹӺʮ꽲ѧٺ٣ҵҪЩ֮ǰŽߣһδεʧܺǺα顣


1602 ң
ʮ꽲ѧӭ֮ʿ
ϢճǴӸ￪ոԹʹЩ֮ˣϢһɲǣ׷Ŀɿڴ
յҲѧҲһΪڡ
֣Ȼ˵ʮ֮飬Ȼúݣǿ֮νѧ֮еսһӭ֮ʿʮʱս
´ڶݵƽ̾˾ҵķֵѧٹˣԹʵ۵İƶ£Թӵ֮еΪԼʸߣ׷ǰճǡ
ճǧ֮⣬һٵԵĿջڣڶ࣬вѧӣ˿У˵ȫйճֽѧ֮¡
˵ôյ֣Խѧʮ꣡ʮ갡𾪣֮ǰߣǷ׷̡
ǺǣȻ˽֪Ҫ˵ֶپ߱һЩŻ˵Թ壬ǲʸ񡣡
ҿδأ˵ʮ֮Ǻҿڡ˵ǰʮѧȥݷã۷ء
һߴӿջڿһԴˣΪ꣬һߡߺŲˮܻɫƽ£Ųм
ŹҲѧ˽ѧͲ֮һ
ͬ飬ԹڶദԽٽճǣԽ
ճڣյۡųʮ겻ء
ƽڸۡԺڣŹ𻨾ƣǰܼ˵ѧʮȻȥĸ£ĸڣһǧ½̤븮ۡ
գһһ˿ԺڣһЩվ⡣ڸ棬ڣڣһߡ
ԶʱţԹ˷׷ĸڣճǡ
¶ƣͬţ;ΪˣһҪѰ𡣡һʿ߳Ⱥɫ͸һɰȻվӱֱ
²⣬شﶬ֮䣬к⣬֪ʿ֣һȭ
ڴɳģĿڶʴﶬҿϲֺһھơ
ΪλϲʿֵĻشһ֮¿ڡ
Ϊ㻹šƿڡ
ʿ֮¶ã
Ŀȥһ˲һӳ̣ӲﶬͿִͣһ˦̱ʹһʲôʿ˳ȥ
һ䣬ѧ峵ʲŻһȣͬѧѧʶϸ߳ңΪα˳ɴʮ񣡡һɫûߣãһݡ
ԹɽɽиеͣǸɽδسɷ壬ǵɽδزɽȣβۿȥɽɽͣɽͿͣ
ܻȻ׷һ¶˼
ҪһΪֻ꣬ʲôһ֮Ⱥڼ
ʵĺãվӣžƺһԽݣֱ̤֮·ܼ֮ˣ֮²ͬѰͬһʱ˶٣ֿԶֵ˸
ճǼӿ֮ǰѯߣ¼ȫ١ֵĿ⣬˸ۡ⣬һ¥֮ڣλãԿǾ¥ڣһˡ
˴ŻɫŭžƣĿով̨׵ϡ
֣˫¶ŶԷ˵յ
Աߣ۵꣬˫ۣɫ͸ƽ
յˣҲһҪԹҪ壡ҵȷ֣֮鷳λɳ޶ɳһҪ󡣡
ˣҪˡһˣɫ°ڡ
ֺһھƣɫ͸ѣʻˡ
һԴ㣬죬ڴأмʵḶ́һ
һǻȻ֮ʱ໥֮£ҲԺϵߣдɫݣм߳Ĭңңһݣٻʹӣʹȥ
һ仰֪֮ƣ˵
ʮأѧʶˣҪʣΪ»ˣΪҵȷΪϡһϵԺ⴫ܵ׷ɢȴһߣ
Ȼмߵֲʶɴ˵ȴв֪׷׹һݡ
ģʹ֮󣬹ʶӷΪϣȻ˼˼֮ްأһеɻɣǾη֮⣬㿴ֺͬηֺһھƣЦ
һƬ̣һݡӵķ£ת˳ȥ
һѯֵĳЦһһڵĹ𻨾еԴǣԽԽһȥʱͷֵĿ⣬Ҳ͸һɴδй𾴡
ֻǣߵ˶࣬ӿȴǸࡣ
ƣٳʿû˵꣬㱻ִϡ
ĳѧĸصӵеԼ˼룬ĸ֮ˣĪҪʣ
һ̽Ѱۣ֮ۺǧ֪˿ԴҪһ䣬򣬿ɷ֪£Ҳһ
ȥֻȥᣬ˵ڣ㶮˾Ƕˣ˵ʮ꣬㻹ǲͷѺ֮һں꣬һӡ
󸣣þ
󸣵д˿ҲʹˣæȡһܵԵݹȥ
Ҫһ䣬֮ǰ˵˼޴أȥη֮ģΪϣôܷһ㣡˵֮ˣһɫߣȺУ֣ɳƵ
ʶյһȻΪ˵ĳһ
кβܣֳЦкһھơ
仰ڵһɲǣǾ¥УԵ֮꣬ǰ˵͵˫ۣһΣһХʱȴ˻һ磬ֱƿأ·ȺϿռӹֱֶȥ
֪ϣˣ͸һϣһغ䣬·Щѧһɫ䣬׷׺Ȼ֮¡
ˣ
Ȼˣ
ֲɣ˿ͷӦã
ǳХڽ⺮ˣȴǵֳһѽ벻мɨ˷֮£˲Ϣٽ֡
˵ʱʱ죬ٽһɲǣɫŭûаη֮ģһͺ
ңһһɺȻ֮ںγһεѹֱءغȴֱӺХߣ罻֮£Ҫ˺һԭǬһɲǾͷɫ䣡
ͻȻı仯·ŵɫ䣬øǾ¥еӣоƱһɫֱӲ԰ס
ܣһ꣬͵˫ۣ¶޷֮ɫикȻ


1603 ںɽ
һ䡰ңﲻ󣬿ȴ춯أ
ֳַɽ꣬һͺУɫ䣬ֻһڵʿ˿ȥֵӰߴޱȣһͺ𣬸ɫ䡣
ǹɺƵϢ֮лѹɫֱӲ԰ףȻһѪ佣˲ƲǰУ۵һڲ·ɽأ󼱼˳
ܣܣֻһˣֻһϣ㲻η壡裬²ѣŤ·Щݵˣһ޷š
δֹһĻ˸Һȳޣһ䡰ҡ䣬˶гХ㲻ɢ
˵ͬʱ¥ǸΪԶԶ˶ԷȻʿ
һѰ̧ͬͷ˹УΨͶվ󸣣
һ֮£ƿֵϿգһϢϢ֮ǿȻһۿ󣬾䣬ӵ˼ӿ֣ҪԺһѪ
ĳأޣΪֺηĪ˵ˣȸˣֺη̧ͷ˫Ŀ¶֮âƮһ˦һھơ
Ȼ֮£ͷƤ飬鳬ּΪǿҵĸоԷܴǹɺȻǹɲηصƣԿһͨԼΣУһɻɢĺȻ뾴η
ôֻǷˣֻǷˣϾȻϢˡˡܵ
ҾʹȥڰɫΪͬȥݳǰһֱȭһݡ
ҵȵĪҪ⣬ʹȥ̤ճǰ벽˵˻ͬţ缱ߡ
˲䣬һƬž
վһھƣ˿з紵ƮУ趯Ʈݡ
кβܣִǷ¾ƺĿȺڣ֮ǰʣ˿ɫ԰Ӳ̯һϡ
һͷӲϵ֮һݡ
һݼԹ塣
ҵȣݼԹ塣еһȫȭ˫¶޷ݵĳ羴֮ɫһĻһǡ
ЩϵߣҲ׷׵ͷһݣķڷ
һδ˿Ծɣ£ȴۿһ˵ĸԺӿļ䡣
˼޴صɣҲ翴ϣһ仰ڽ֮󣬴Թ
ˡžƺտһ۸Ǿ¥ڣȫˮʪһвǵͷһݵӣת̨ף󸣽ڸ
Ժڵ˺ܾãһһȥֱĽֵϣŸĿ֮ˣ׷ȥ֮ճǣҲİˡ
û˸˵֮֮ǰķ籩Ҳڼ̵ʱڣ׵ɢ
һ£ֵԹ϶𣬳ȡʦյΪԹµĴ壬ʷǰһɴ壡
ʱţʮ֮ﻹڣȴûκһˣʸѯҲѧһ̻塣
ȥת۱ǰꡣ
ʱ䣬ִӵѮ꣬ĳΪ˰֮ˣͷҲС԰
Уּÿ¶ô죬Ĵ󸣣ڻǺӵ֮ƯΣŹ𻨾ƣʼڵȣǸûаԼٵˡ
֮꣬ǰĶʮ꣬ͬҲˡ
ʮ꣬ʮ˸ｻ档ֻǻһʯţȴûеȵǸˡ
ү㵽ڵʲôϣ󸣵ӻӲʣֻĵëȴԽӵʱԼ󷢴ڰʱҪȥ䣬ֻ󣬻ʲô벻
ڵԼһԼԼᡣвϣɳƣգڡ
ϣʼһֻɫķֶʮ꣬ûκεı仯
ſţЩƣڴͷб˯£߻صںϣУҲ档
̾˿Լ󣬷
ͣϺů˯ĺܺãֻڣֵ֮ʱôֵϣĻ˫ۡ
ڻš
ǰƮֺȻЦˡ
󸣣ǵöʮǰǸոճʱôǸʱҲôҲ⻭ϰ
ЦţȻԶһһ侭һ˲䣬Ͷǻڴ
ʦ㣬ЩܷأϺܡ
㲻ȥǣҲͲǴˣʦãĲ
һ㶣ЩϤ̧ͷһֻǻ֮ϣŮӵӰ
ŮӺᣬպվ޾УͬһǷУǵ
ǡǡǻԶȥǰƸֳʮǰҹе񴬡
ſţ¶͵ЦݣԶҲǲˣԼ£īɽƣǴδغƵʫǿԵõӣǵá
ǽɵŮӣĽ⣬ƻڶߡ
ҹڣԼŮӵҲڼڣûɫǼʵףҲַ˵Ǹڣδȡ
̾Լİ׷ûгкžơ
һûĶŮӣģ˾ƣ˴󸣣ջİɫ
ûӣһҲǹ¶УĬĬ߹˶ʮꡣ
˵ΨһйĶŮӣ磬һǸŮӣǸ͸Ůˡ
ŴͷžƣŴˮԼĵӳֿһϵףͷ˺ܶࡣ
ŮڵĻֵĴֱֻ˴ȫֿ·Ĺ켣ĳһ󣬱Ųͬķȥˡ
ףʦ㣬㿴ǸͷղźڿǡŽԶȥֵıӰ
ǻƯУһʯʻ
תͷ˫ɨֻű˴˻ķֿĿⱻʯڸǣûпҲ˿ԼһۣȥʶɨҲûϸתͷ
ֱ˴ԽԽԶ
ڴϣƽԴ󸣿ڡ
󸣣뿪ճǰɣ˶ʮ꣬ˣǻؼҡ
ңģһ㶡
ںɽ¡󸣣˴ͷһۺӵһס˶ʮճǣ˵
ʱʱڣƣһͶˡ
ߵʱ򣬻ˡ


1604 ϸ
û˲УŲϵͶˣżƣ߳ճǣڹٵϣżҵķ򣬽ȥ
ֱƻ֮ʱճǺӵϻеŮӣ˻ճǵĽֵϣţ仯ΪѰӡ
ʦ㣬Сﳤճǳ˻⣬ûĺȥαչôãòɽһΣҪúء
㰡һؼҿĸҪһճǿûʲôĵطҪȥݷôյ˼ʱҼȥĪҪ˵ǷˣɼʦҲҪܿ
˵ţһʿӶŮ߹Ŵ˻ЦһŮòͨͣӣЦ
λ뿪Թܾ˰ɣյʮǰѾȥԹĴ壬Ϊ֣յء
ŮһʿҡͷһЦ߿
֡֡ʦ㣬ˣǻϣǸǵͷӾˣǸСְ
Ųһ٣͵ػͷԶɢڻƻģĺӵǰƸֳ˵Ǹӡ
ʦ㣬ʦ㣬ôˣһЩ
ĬƬ̣ҡҡͷԶȥֻû߳ʮһҧʲôġ
ң˵һ仰һΣֱӻգͻȻľٶ̾һȻĺȴܵˣžη벻ţĿһĻֱòŷӦ
ӣ
ӣ
ȥӰü΢΢һ̾
ճգǺӵ֮ʶɢһ߼۶һѰңֻǵûҵǸӰӡ
ֱұճǣˡ
ôҲ֪ԼôˣҪһԷ컯ŪˣͬĹ켣ڽֿ󣬶ʱ㲻һεĽˡ
ճǼʮ⣬ٵ֮ڵи֨֨ǰУڣɷ紵˸ɨ
žƣĿĸڻ谵ϣ֪Щʲôӣ˵ȴᣬ޽ǵİ׷һһڵľУֶ˼˿
ģֿǻ谵УѰɫķһͬżңȥ
ͣӱ㲻֮ʱϵʱһͷҪɢ˼ӣƣ
ʱʱЪ߹ļĸºһ磬󸣣ңԶճǣ뵽˺ɽķΧڣա
ߵʱ򣬹ٵԻҶ̵㣬ʱǻ󶼵лҶҲʼ˷ƣܻδ֮ʱȴҲԶˡ
ʮˡܵһһľģǵĵԼ뿪ʱ꣬ǰ١
Ǹ֨У˳ŹٵǰһɽУһУֺϤﳤ
ûþ̫ھӣִŴ󸣣صѾõļҡ
ﻹڣֻǵӲʵĸףŹչְ׷Բĸ׵ĸ£΢ЦŻؼҵӡ
ӣΪԹ壬ΪҵĽ̤۷壬ǰֻʮǰ뿪ʱһֻǵĺӡ
ˣǱӵճʱҲˡ
ͣ˼Ժ⣬ַųԯһ۾Ϳ˵
¶͵΢Цǰȥһ˦°ڣ˵ϡ
ˡ
գգۣҲǰ£󸣻ˡ
ֵĸ׹һЦȲȥ֣ǰ󸣣ҡͷЦ㰡Ǻ͵һЩչƽҸмĪҪѧ
վŸĸǿĵЦݣӿֳһ˵ůĸףŸף󸣣һ߽Ժڡ
λɶʱߣֵĸ״ԼĶӣĽ
ԹĴ壬㶮ôǿʵۿҪݣûЩ̫үǹôֵĸ׵Լϰһۡ
һΣˣźϡĸףͷİ׷ϵƣ
ֵĻ磬ڼ֮ɽĻȻЩھӷ׷ǰҪһͬе뽾Թ塣
ѧһڹԱҲ׷֪ºʱͬʱģҵЩݡ
ֵĸ⼸죬ݹһɨ̬ͦñֱһӣԺľһĶӣһԹ塣
ǿôͬʱֵĸ׸ǵ⣬óӰȥڴĹ㳡ϣһϯ
ľϯԭǺܼ򵥵ģ˵֮£ȴǼΪݻһƲˣǱ˴ĳӣŲϸԲá
࣬һһȥֿ׸ˣҲû˵ʲôˣԸϲġ
ֻǸĸˣҲȥˡ
ϯ䣬ҵЩݣһһǰݼ֣һӣּ̫̫࣬һͷЩܳһ
ЩУ幫Ҳҵ峤һЩ֮ͬˡ
һĻֿſţϡֻڣкܶĲࡣ
ûƻ裬ּĸƣ˦дŸĸȥֵľϯڽɢȥɽٴλָƽ
ͲСˣôȢӡֵĸЩ⣬ֹ˼һ̾Ϣб㲻˵ˡ
ⳤļ磬Ŀճ䣬ꡣ
ֱ뿪ɽĵʮ죬ҶɨţڵɳɳߣѰȥʱֵĸڴϣֵ֣дŲᣬȴοԺ
һӣΪ㣬ʶ֣ȴ˰Щ걻Ļ鼮˺þã˵ֻأϲ紺ﶬǵáֵĸ¶΢Цֻ΢Ц£Ժο£һֿԸܵõĺ¡
¿ˣĹ¶δ֪ץֵ֣Уһһˡ
еĹâ͸
£ߡֵͷҲѾ˴룬Ÿף¶ˣŸ׵֣ǰ̽ӣĸףıš
أ£ҡ
ǵСʱҵôǸСľԣǰЩҵˡ

Ժ⣬аǰƺʹڵǿŴ͸ɣһ죬Ҷ󶼱ˣֻǻһƬҲԸȥǷҡΣŻţþϷ£ȦһΣҵ֮ϡ
ֻĸףĸУĲٺ£ı˫ۣʧȥ˺˶ӵĻС
ݶϵҶ˻꣬ٴηԶԶŷ磬Զȥˡ


1605 üüü
ڸߺĵڶֵ꣬ĸףҲһ˯УҲû˯ŵգ¶Ҹ΢Ц·ֵĸףٴط꣬Ը
һˣ㻹Ӥʱ򣬱㣬ܶôƣ˯㲻ٿ
һˣ˯ʱ򴲵ʱ򣬵Լ˯ߣÿҹΣֻΪȥһµı죬Ƿʪ
һˣɳ֮У֮ʱ𴲣ֻΪȥһ緹㲻
һˣ֪ϲÿζԼͷβЦΪʲôЦŻشϲͷβȴ档
һˣĳɳΪ첹һУм̺죬ѿ
һˣĳˣҲǼʮɵĿ⣬ĬĬ㣬ĬĬĿģĬĬ΢ЦֱĬĬıԼƣ˫ۡ
ˣĸס
һˣ㻹Ӥʱ˫־壬߸ߵľȡе̫ΪһС
һˣ㻹ûѧ·ˤʱ򣬷˫֣ǿĵЦУ߳ĵһ
һˣһδεĻУ֣߹ɽɽˮˮȥ쿴ء̧ͷıӰУãɽ졣
һˣ˵ԭϲͷҺİͷβĸʱԱߣӣ¶Ǹ͡
һˣ㳤֮ÿÿ𣬶Խӵֻᷳ㽥ɳᷢĿ£һ㵱꿴İ
һˣϵڴպϵ˫ڣ͸£͸Ļȴͬһͬ壬ĵЦٺůУĻ
ˣס
ڸĸĹǰᣬЦţţһĻĻģûкȾƣʱȴͬˡ
УΪĸգȥŸ׵壬ȥĸ׺Ц˯²ѣƵĶͷ
һУˡ
һӣкӣôڸĸ󣬻ıͬŨ̹ͬǣСһˣһûӣûкӣôıˣڸء
Ӵ֮ûһƣʱů顣
Ӵ֮ûһ΢Цڹ¶֮Уɢ
Ӵ֮ľͷУҲֻһ˵ӰĬĬճ䡣
Ĺֵ꣬ͷȫ˰ɫҲͦΣϣ͸ɣµĺۼ
ʮˡֵƣȻǽӽʮˡ
󸣸ǲϣŹչվĬĬͷԼ֮ĵ˵ͷ
мʮꡭҲ֪ˣңӦûһ˰ɡֵУӣڸĸķǰһݡ
ǵôվӣͷŲ·Ҳ߲̫õĴ󸣡
ǹ˵ȱһͯ˹¶׷΢ЦŴ󸣣ʮ꣬ʼ
󸣻ͯƤһЦ
ˣҲˡֻһԸδˡ󸣣żңңһ̧ͷգϣֻɫķ
صĸһһ˿ҪҵȥȸĹңһʱ򣬻ʲôҲûеõˡ
ʮĴ죬ֶһˣ뿪ɽ塣˼УĬĬĵȴֵĹʮꡢʮꡢһӡ
ֶžƣɽԽԽԶºԹı߾˳ǲɢ˳ͷһԹתһ߳Թı߽硣
һһ߳Թδ·ûȥ˼ֻ֪·ڽ¡
߳һɲǣͻȻ֮ХĴֵϿչȥû̧ͷƽǰȥ
һպХĳڴȴʿУһӼΪһŮӣŮӳ֮⣬һ֮ɫȴȻ
ͣڰգͷ·һȥ֣ü΢΢ɫ͸ã
ôˣʦáԣʿ쿪ڡ
ûʲôȻɣЩ˽¡ǼŮڣˣת·ȥ
֮ǰ˵ʿһҪȥ
ʦ֣һˡŮ͵쳣ᶨصʿŲͣ£꣬ͬͬţԶԶȥˡ
ͣ½ŲתУһĳ罵٣ת֮ǰʮ⣬һɫŮӡ
ŮӺһδ֮ǵʤﲻֹ
ȴûл㱣͸һУ׷ѰصĵӵԼ˼룬ȥŮӣձ˫ĿʱȴѰŮһû
Ůʮϵ֣ͷ׷͸ǵ˫ĿãͷǷһݡ
˼ңʮǰһΣյڶɻǵô
ֿǰŮӣĿ͸˼֮΢΢һЦҡͷɳƵĿڡ
ˡ
ȻˣǱǺˡ˼ңҲ֪ΪΣ㣬ǾƺʲôطΣһοʱ֪ʲô֣Ů¶Цݣ
Ϸ֡ɫƽڡ
֣Ůüͷϸãɵ
Թ壬֣
Ϸ򡣡ֵͷĿ͸ɣ֮£̺ء
ӦҼǴˡŮ˺ܾãҲû뵽ΪλϤʹ̵ĸԴĿһۣףΪԼ˶Էִʹĸо֮껹ҪǶԷϵӣڴʹͬʱ˵ꡣ
ˣǡ̾Ŀеãؿڵʹתȥ
֪﷼ǣ
üüüŮӽŲͣ£תͷ˫£¶һ˿ȻĶ΢Цԥһºڴһģȡһҩ
ʹˣ˵㱣־ҲԵˣټüµҩ֣Ʈӣ
ǰֻأΡһУʲôǡüüеһҴʹѵŮˡŵҩصĺܺá
ãֱŮӵӰԶȥ͵̧ͷ˿ɳƵɤһ仰
üҪмǣʲôʱ򣬻һһֻأһУҪȥʶһֵʿҪȥʶҪȥӴ
üѾԶֲ֪ǷȫֱɤˣֱԶĳ磬ûκӰӡ


1606 ʹѩ
ֲ֪Լⷬ᲻ʲôãԼҲǴã֮У֮ϵҩĬ죬ⵤҩ˻̾תˡ
һȸǵڣһɽһأ߹ɽӣŶص򣬴˼룬ߵһһĹȡ
긴һ꣬ҩˣҩ޾ľиȥԸй
;УɽߣЪİףģ׺ݵģãȻģҲڤġ
ǿˣֻÿһֻվ˸ܵϵĺƵϢ
֣˶һﾪˣͬ˵ˡ
ţֵոӲϣ˫ĿȴԽԽ̺޾ǻˣ˼̥ͬǣٴ
ȥ̫ĳǳأ̫ˣǾҲȥ˺ܶ࣬һڣһٹǰֵʣֵĻܵһݡ
ЩڷߵĻʵۣҲ˺ܶ࣬УЩһˣȫһ
û
ҲûҪ֮ÿһͷ֮ˣһ˵ĸоʱηˡ
Уʹڣǧƣֻһ£ɳڶҪֳ֣Ϊ塣
ֵ΢ЦҡͷУתȥɫ䣬һ裬ȥһݡ
Уӣǧ
칷Уȴ뿪ʱ̻
ţĸ֣ȸϣһ籩ԽԽУ֮˼ס
һ·ϣɽվɽϣ̧ͷأơҲˣ˺ܶİϤӰ
ȸϣڣдɣЩɣ޽ɽ֮Уɽˮ֮أͬģҲһЩɽˮ֮ڡ
ÿһɽÿһأиӦֱ㲻Ѱңֻƾǹɶصĸ򣬱ɽϣ߽ÿһɵɽС
ɽ󾡹ǿͬȴûһӰֵĽŲ̤ȥһڵʿ𾪲
ڱչĳ֮ҲӴбǹɴɢغƵѡ
ִݶݶߣֻɽֻ;ֻأĿУһ
أԹڣһ˴壬ֵ֣ҲĴ￪Щʿ֪ȸϣôһˣΪ壬ʿǰҲлоη
Ǿηģ˼
ʿҲãҲգȫֵĻߵκһطһЩ
ʿУк̸ܶأ⾳Ϊ˻Ҳǳ̸У𶯵ĸд
һꡢһꡢţת֮£ʮꡣ
ʮУȥ˺ܶܶĵط֣֪У˸ûȥĵط
ʮǰһ뿪ԹʮǶһˣȸϡ
һգڶѩƮļڣһ֪Ķǣ˹ķΧܴ൱Թһ㡣
ǣվǳ⣬ѩƮУֲϵգһ˿ꡣ
˽ϵƤ߽˴˳ǡ
̤ŵĻѩǸ֨֨Уߵǳڣһֵϣֵܰ˲࣬е̣ȴ˺١
ϤеĻԽӵʵ˫۷صһǻУĬĬǰš
ԶѰϵ˫ۿȥȴڲԶһ̡
ڣһӣž׳Ŵڴ
ƮѩǺȴ˿䣬ϵŴӣ֮
ǺԱߣһСʣһ߰СͯźʵްСͨ죬˷ܵźӡ
ţǰģҡҡͷǺӣеĴţ
˼ңվܾˣůůӡǴ󺺷дӣ˰Ѻŵ֣¶΢Ц
һͬ¶Цݣ˵ͷ߽ڣһ棬ϵѩڻ˲١
õºõľǺһףºҲһԡ
˼ҲǱ˰ɣ΢Ц
·ֿڵİ裬ɳƿڡ
߰ͯڲԶĿ֣ĸ׵󣬱˹ȥʱһžƺŮӳ֣ŮɫͻݵӣѾƸֵһ¶֮ɫ
˼ң䣬ȱůůӣҪѰݣ
ֺЦû˵Ʊһ£һںȾ
˼ңҵľƻɣ游ɲƵģſ̡
Ǵ󺺶ƱһںЦ
ڵ¯Ʈѩγһ˻㱵ĶԱȣǰѩк
ҵľƣЩֲΣ߲ˡ
֮ѩ΢СһЩʱǣǴ󺺿ͣһů
ߵʱɫֻѩУԿԶţ̵УµӰԽԽԶˡ
ݵͣЪַ·ʲôȸϣ߹һİĵط뿪Թĵʮ꣬Ȼʮͷ
ļˣ͸һĺɫֻ˫ۣȴ˲Ҷ˫۾ڣ̺̺̺١ʦյҲûʡ
ڵʮ죬һİĹȣһˮУվһٵԵͤڣ꣬ϡ䣬ܿԶĵطһƬ
Ƭܴ½
һߣĹȣҪȥĵطһһֿŮӣҪȥһۡ
ˮߣʹһƬģֻܿŵվ꣬ı˫ۡ
˫ĿպϵһɲǣԶȴһŮӵӰһŮȫɢ޾⣬ĵܵˮȻгΪ˱ڵϡ
ĻһӤӤʵޱûκˮ棬˯ĺ
ͤǰŮӽŲͣ£꣬ջǽֻǱԳɱɲ
Ǵ֣
ŵ˫ۣƽŮӣ˵ͷ
ˣһͤڣꡣһͤ⣬Ҳͬ꣬ˮ˱ܼ£Ůգȫ֣Ϊ˱⡣
ѩѰһ¡ŮӵĻһѩ


1607 Ľ
ǱŮӣĿ仳ޱӤϣĬ˰죬˵ͷ
ŮɫĮ˫Ŀ̲ͬ˺Хַ֣ڿء
֮ȸϺպգңԶѩҲšΪ壬Ϊʿ󣬸أָ;
ˣΪӡŮӵͷŻ˯ŵӤ˫¶һ˿͡
˵͸أֻأĮʵ֮䣬ɷΪ⺢ӣָһ·ŮɢŻӤƽĿڡ
⺢ӳ֮ʱĸ˫żȻѩмʱȻȫӲڱ֮Сϸ֮ȴǷ֣⺢֮ߣΪ߱Ϣܴȥضȸһ
ֻж࿲óܼ㣬һ٣˽¶Ȼ֮УΪɽ֮ˡ
Խǳɳڤڤ֮еپԽ٣ΪޣֻͨɳʼձӤ֮״
дţѰ֮Ů䣬Ὺڡ
ʱĻУͻȻһ绮ţڻصУ̫죬֮°Ӥ˯оѣû˿ʵ˫ۣ
ֱӤĿڻ
ұһ¡Ӥڡ
ŮӳĬ꣬ǰѻӤݸ֣Ľӹڻͷ˫ĿǿӤ
һŮӤڿΪɰޱȣü֮лһ㣬ŮӤꡣ
۽£ȾʪԱߵޱ
˵Ҳ֣ŮӤѺŮӻܴ󣬿ֻʱȴͣᣬа˫Ŀúܴ֡
ֲϵգ¶΢ЦŮӤһΣŮӤ̾ͿĵЦ
ʲô֣ʵ
ĸ磬Ҳ֪Щ꣬Ҳûи֣һְɡŮӳĬƬ̺ҡͷɻһЩ䡣
΢ЦɫǿĵŮӤģ⺢ӵϸܵһϤĺۼ̧֮ͷĻеء
ˮ£Զڸǣϡɼһֻɫʰ쵵ĺҶ£Ƿбꡣ
ĳǱˮʪ޷
ӣǱ紵˵ͬ쫷
ҶµĺĿ¶ĬĬǺá
ͽкˡеĺ使޵ĺâ°ĵһ
ᣬɫ͸һ˵˼ͷĿ˻ŮӤһۣŮӤ·ֵĻЦࡣ
ĳ˽֪ͨ⺢ӱܿ٣һ㣬ܲ͸ɽ̾ѻŮӤݸѩŮӺ̧ճˮͤڵʯϣ˫ۣڻһһʱʻһӵͼ
ͼһ󷨣󷨼Ϊ£ѩŮУݣϸļ
ֻ֮һʣ˫ۡ
ȡŮӤһ˿ڡɫӣ̧ͷɢա
ģڷͤʯϵͼɢˣѩŮӣĿĬ˰죬һݣתŮӤС
ûȥŮȥıӰվͤڣˮԽԽ٣Уã
棬ǰǼ٣ȥԲֲףͤ⣬ˮͣˣһʺ֡
Ҷ±ĺҲȶųֵĿз裬ȥԶ
̾У߳ͤ鿣ԶǴ󺣵ķһȥ
뿪Թĵʮ꣬ڵһƬ½˺ߣһƬ½̴֮ȥ˺һߣء
ޱ޼ʣ׳з˺Хˮ̴վڴϣźζһͷ׷ƮǺϵдȴµĺۼ
еǳһζֵһγȴû˿ĲӦǿŴ󺣣ؿһƹᴩȫ
ǺϵգһȺӭ֡
һ¡¡¡ֱº̴׵Ľ뵽޾ĺ֮Уŷ˴ǳˮֳŶصĸҥֵϣ¶΢Ц
ڵĳһ죬峿ĺˮ֮һֺг̧ͷ֮ʱֱһĺ˯ѣ߳䣬һۿȥȴЩˮǣһŶĤݡ
˳ŷתһȻӾ
ǶĺϣһƬ֮УȻһõĻ档
ǻУһɽڣǻɽڱɽУ߾һľ޴ѷ죬һǡ
޾ҽðڸǻڵա
ûϢֻл棬ǻɽһĻĻҴڵһˣȫݲѡ
ԶԶһõĻӣΪʵͬʱָһʵĽ˷ֲ١
ִõأ˺
١١ԣ飬ΪףɻãɾһĻһĻ棬Ǽ١ʵĳȫö
ϢŭϢŭЩݵķ˿дǿ޷һĻ׷ⲻǵһοһȴҲࡣ
ϵĴ˵У֮ʱ֮񣬱ǺŭҪԺ
ֵĴУĿת£ûпܵЩˣڹ֮׷ȡĻ´󺣣ͼ飬úɢŭ⡣
ӦǼٵģʵڣȫöڣܳ飬һĻĳһطʵ顭
Ӧãĳ֮ˣ޾Уɣૣصȴ޷
ٵġǼٵġУȻȻֹ˫Ŀ͵ʶָ̧Զûɽɫ¶޷֮ɫ
⡭
ֻõĻڣǻɽУһŮӣŮ£ӾܲǾ֮ȴдᣬһͷƮҡһͬ趯һɳϢӣ
ŮӴӺ̧߳·һָǱĻɽһ𣬾ȻϨļ
ڿŮӵһɲǣַ·ʧȥһȫĴסһ˵ıӿȫͬ籩һ㽫ϯûͬʱ۽¡
ֵӣͲϣ˿ȴǸΪĴڣõڣǰµŮӣĿ㡣


1608 һ
һʱõĻ棬ɢ̴ϵǰɢֵСЩ˴Աǣһ£׷׳Ĭ
ǲǻһУǻɽʱһȼյʯͷɢôһƬȻֱڵķ򣬷Դǻڳڴϡ
ʵ˫һĻĻǷֲ٣ȴ֪Ǻ鷢ŭ
ֿǴϣʧȥе£ϵӹʪǻʧĵطˣһһƬհףʣµΨǻУɫĽӰ
⵽桭Ǽ١ѵҲôãֵͷϵͷź档
ʱţһ££¡
ڳĵھŸ£ֿ˴ķŭһҹڸ˺죬һ罻мҪ뺣һ㣬⺣죬˿µĺ֮С
ÿһĽѴǶһ˲£Կ϶𣬻ǾҵĺˮĻ֮һ
ХĺˮϣҹУÿһˮִԱڿ־֮У֮䷢һϵظԲٿ̴⺣ŭ
ÿһˣĤݣҪȥ²֪ܷ񿴼һγԡ
Ű׺罻졣
ҹվڴϣץԱߵĳˣӷ·ԼĿƣھҵҡΣǿУһξͽȫʪʪİ׷źˮֵ˫ۣȴԣ
Ǵ󺣵ķŭźˮϲ˫ԽԽһɲ޵ֱ԰ء
֮ĵ󣡡ֳЦϵЦ뺣Хлص΢ȴ͸ڵһɺƵ֮
ЩΣ̴ҵҡʱԱûɣһУϣܵǹɲģ
ֻɲģЩ΢꺣Х£΢
ǷԽӾңһδĻУһǾ£ȴ̴ķˣֱӱǺ۶ϣһֱ£һԱ㲻ϣû̫أ󣬼ȥΪƴ
ֻǣһںŭе̴ͬһƬҶûκεȥԿĴ󺣣һδεĴ£ֻܵƽҪ
Ϣ⴬ϣÿһ˵УҲץǴˣǲԼЩˮһͬȥԼĿܣȥŭУ
ĪҪǻһ괬ԱЦץźһ洬ɺ˴Ĺ֮䣬гһгĴԱȫϤĺҥ
ĪҪǻ롭һʮ꣬ȥϵĺˮĺ⺰УһԼҪɢ
ĪҪ٣ǻ졭ĴԱ£غУһһصںһγһǿ
ĪҪǻвʡ
ĪҪĿǻҪȥ
غƵȴڸǲסǵ֮ǳΪǺξ֮ŭǾ֣Խûȴ޷ֹǵĺҥ
еĴԱ˵ĺ£ȸǵĺУĸҥ
һ͸һɲң͸һɲ͸Ŀ͸ηֲϵӣһµĺ˫ۣ¶ΪĹâ
һ棡Ƕص棡Ϊ˲ģ˲棡
ûвģûвôûˣһ٣ʼãʼ޷ȫ͸һ̣һһĺҥУඥһ㣬ˣ

ɽһգһк󣬿
˶жĿ־壬Ϊɿ־壬ݱһΪ˳һΪ棡
˳˳ĵһ磡
ǻǹ⣬㿴ǵڶ磡
˳ԣ͸ʵϣûп͸Ҳܿ͸࣬Ҳֻǿ
ǹ£˵λξ֮׳֮صľģ⣬ǿ͸
ĵ磬Ҳ׷Ѱĵһ磬ͬǿ͸Ҳһɳѣһ仰
һ仰ȴ˵ڣһĤڣ޷˵
֮Уһһ䲻ĺҥصأɢԶߣǴеķˣҲ£һҹʱĹȥֱճ̧ͷһٺĺ⴬ϲϵɢ
ǣ¶΢Цڴͷź쾡ͷĳֻɫķǳз裬һ˻ص
ֱĵʮһ£ںľͷһƬ½ңңɼڿǴ½ͬʱϴ˵ĺ
˽һʱЩԱ֣ڻƻУǼǰĺҥ뿪̴İĴ½ϡ
ķ˹ȣҲкܶǻʿǡ
һУһٹ
ļŴ󺣵½ϣɫƽһţ߽İأİɽİˮ;һİס
ûһ֣ȴʮڣ˺ܶطҲͬƬ½
ܲڼǰպһֲȥ⣬ͬһߣһһУİĴ½ϣ߹һɽɽˮˮ߹һȳǳء
תۣꡣ
뿪ԹѾȥʮꡣֵ壬ҲƣУһչԼţ߳һ
ɣȥ˺ܶ࣬ޣ˺ܶ࣬Ĵͬһһģ֣İĴ½У֪
һңһɣǶ֪һֵˣΪ壬йѰʲô
ĻԽʼֻЩʱҪ˵ֻ̺ص˫ĿһۣͻöԷãУ֪ʱ
ڵʮ죬һ˴ɽĵطʱһɽ֮ʱԶֿԿյĺ̹
˴ӺԶĵطϣ̧ͷĻͷẠ̊́ɣ˫Ŀ͸δй͡
ǺڣһӰ߳ǰӰһŮӣ˿磬ӺڴǻɽȡһЩʲôһƿת֮УԶϵ֡
һۣһһۣһǧ꣬һۣһӣΪ˵Ůӣһ


1609 ʼ
лһЦⱾŮӵ£ǰŮӵĻУûЦʹһۣҲıζ
һۣİ
ǰŮӵĿһɨûзϤ翴һȫİˡ
ջĿ⣬Ůת̤磬ңңԶȥ
ĿŶԷǽʧıӰֱȫˡ
һİ˼
ֱ˫ۣ֮һ̾
һ֮ˣ˵Ϥ֮Сü
뿪Թʮȥţʿˡ
ΨһˣΨһˡ
ֵգӲһԵĿ˲ɣ˫ۡĬУĿ͸ã࣬ȴһָӵ
ֿɬУãȻǰš
֪Լ˶Զճ䣬ٹĴϣû㼣ӣȴԽԽԶ
ոһգ¸һ¡
˫۵ĸӣŨֻãڸǸӣڸǼȫࡣǲȥţֻһ˿ңһ˿Լŵڡ
ֱĳһ꣬ĳһ죬ǰһɽ
һĻɽĳһʱ̣޾ҽʯɢ˹ա
ˡ
ǻοݣܵĴأһɢĺɫʯͷһϢԲû̡
Ļɽ£ֵĽŲͣãȻɽãеãӲʶĺ˼
ɽϤɽڴϣõڣڱɽ壡
ɽϵһѷ죬ͬһӡǣ㲻ıǣ֣Ĵڣ
ɽҲ޷ȥƭԼҲ޷ȥڸ֪ǺϵһĻĻǰһĻĻ·ǰص
ǺϵãǰʵһںϣΪһεڣʹк䣬֮ǿɢʮƭһΣȥԼأ
ҵӦ׵ġֻҲԸȥţ֣ҲһȥƭԼ㲻ҪˣƭҲġƭԼƭԼôָĻɽЦЦ͸һɱ
ΨһˡûκϤĸоһۺİְ֣յǰĽһôҪһնĽô
յңһֻأôֻؾͷңǲҪֻУĨȥĽĴڣӴ֮ҳΪİˡ
ңһΣе޵һ棬˯ŵңǲ򱯰Ľ飬Ҫҡ
һУǷΪ˻ֻأѵȥʹĵȴȥԪϾȥУһǧꡣ
ܺûԼ֮ǰһ֣ƽƽĹһһԵһ£һУһȴãһֵʿ֡
ǣôִЦЦЦţ¡
׵Խ࣬Խ֪һУȥٵã˿̣ļģȴһֵĴʹ
֣ҪôԼôҪһ㣬նⳡǧô
һ˺ܶ࣬ȫΧ֣֣㿴͸㼴޵һӣΪ죬Ƿ𣬵㻹ǲףʲô
ε֮صǧǰԼ˼ԵĲӵε֮Լļ䣬磡һԵʯϣͷɢ񲡣
أһУģĪΪҲ֪ҿ͸ôЦΪ
һüΪʵһжƵ̫̫ãεУѧϰƭ֮ԼƭԼһУеļ䣬ε֮ССңСԼ
֣ǷΪͨ죬δնܣǶȹ٣ҪǺ֮վ
Ҳ֣Ҿû޵ҸأһȻ֮񣬾ǰΣ
ƭԼԼƵУΪַͨʽԳһ磬ԳֻأԼֻڣȥΪһδ
飬ѵҲô
Ҫһ壬һصˣǱյҪնüǱüüҵҩ
εǰź֮£ԼֻεУѺƵУȥһѭ
֪£ǱͬΪȥڵҲ֪ôҿʼȷ֪ȷãӵһ̣ǻϨһ˲䣬ҿϵӡһɲǣҾˣ
ƭԼҲԼȥ̫࣬ʮȥƭԼʮ꣬죬ҲƭԼˣ
ΪôҸ㣬ˣȫȫĴˣҲͰˣҪնĽ飬Ҳܽܣ
ΪΪãΪĽʹ࣬Ϊ˸һһУƵģǼٵģʲô棬ʲôǼ٣ûף㻹ô㻹ô
ΪնĶôնĶôնĶôֲϵ췢һ
Уغ޾ص罻գһƬһĻŭ
ŭһɲǣպȻͳһ޴УкתҪ˺һ㣬ڣһƬ޾硣
ڵУһƺâ֣ǺâУ߱˫۵ʬ壬һʬ壬һͷ׷ŵ˫ۣļ󣬷һź񣬺꣬Ҫѵļ
նϣһָǾ޴УһͷԷƮһɺȻֱ֮ɢա
ȻնϣͲҪңνҿͬϷִһ˦䣬Ǿ޴мת֮£ԽԽСʧһ׵㣬ȴǰɫķȶųջãķԶˡ
һ飬ѾףΪ壬ܲ
ʲôʲôʲô٣ʶؼ䣬ܱҸף𣬵ҲãҲãٵҲãҪң


1610 Ե
ԽԽԶȥķջĿ⣬ĻɽããתŲϵĲȥ
һ죬߳Թʮ¡ҲӵĹٵջԣƱεĵʮꡣ
һֻ꣬ʮ
˻ٹ⣬Ƭ½ϻһЩңֻûȥٹεһء
Ľڵ⣬һɽУһķݣⱾɽ˲֪Ȼû̡
ֱס˴˵ء
λãԿңң֮ĽڵɽţԸܵĽĴڡ
ʲôҪȥ룬Ҫȥĥճ䣬ѩ׷ɣǼڽ棬ȥһǼ٣ȥ֮ãֻȥĬĬĶȹ
һճһ䣬ǳ̧ͷϦ£ߵɽϣһϵӰɫʯϣĬĬԶɽ
һ˵򣬱˵ǹǹαִţαȥҪѰɫ꣬һһУӰһһֱǰɽ
ûȥʳҲûʳ˼һС
أЦ͸һĥ͸ĺ壬һһУԶڣɳ˺ܶʿЩʿУĽ
䣬ǿգһУһԵһɣΪԵ𡭡ֺЦ꣬Ρ
ʱţת֮£꣬У˺ܶ࣬ʯϣء
꣬ĽȻҲ֣ģɳ٣ڿִ˿̵״̬ʱ󣬷׷׶ݡ
أɽϣʯԣֻһˣܣϥһߣһʿ
ʿҲûһ߿
ƽĻֵܣͬŵ
긴һ꣬ʿһٻٹ˷һһ
ЩʿУδߣҲдﵽӤߣһˣ̤նΪʶֻʲôΪɽϣʯŵУǲڵġ
ʲôΪڴɽҲһ֮أ಻٣ֻĬĬǻһ꣬ŻῪһεĿڡ
ֲڵʱǷ붨һһ֮ǵ˼׷Ѱһصĸ
ԵһձΪ˹⼸ʮѰУУм䣬ʵϻһԵ
ûԵûϴ˵΢Цһ꣬ٴοڡ
ɽϣϥʿԽԽ࣬ɽ¶û˵طΧֵɽԲʮڣϥʿ
Ƭ½еʿڣһһѰĸоģԲڣһۿȥʿ֣ͬĤݡ
ģʿĴ½Խ˴٣Դ٣ڵ죬죬ڵĴӡ
ѩ֮ޣĮŮӵĴ£׷ѰǸоĬĬһλϥŵ
ĮŮӵĻȻһԶҲŮӤ
Ĺˣ̩һϤףҲһһ١
ȸӣݵӣԶĵϡ
ȵȵȵȣڻԪлˣɣ׿ˣҲ֪ʱԶǰɽʯϵ֣ϥ
ֱ󣬾ȸӣҲƿնϿճĬãߵһյأ
üһܽԵ𡭡
ڣһ飬ͬҲԵ𡣡
ҲãһҲã磬ͬˣԵԵԵ
Եһĸı䣬򣬶߽֮󣬾ͳ˹ͬŮһ֮ӡŮԵߵһ𣬵ĺӣǹֺЦһ̾
˿̴Ŀɽڣ߳һˣˣ統ӣɫһͷ˿磬ɫ͸ᣬĽ
ֵӸΪϣϣȴǳһɷصϢ·ĸУΪ죬Ϊ˵ء
֣Ľٻ¶ͣҲ̺һ˼
Ľɫ¶ãȴһ˵ĸоֺϤϤϤ·У˹ͷֻڡ
ǧεֻأǺǧڵҲǣֻǣȴһͬӡĺۼ˼УֹһУ·Ҫնϡ
֪£ߵֵߣס֣ԱߣһͬⷽԲʿĿУʯϡ
ֻǣԵջǻʧ䣬ΪԿա֮Գ֮ΪʧΪǴڣûдڣҲûʧûʧԿաҲģĳһ׮
δᣬûУǽǳɿա
ֺЦУֵĽüġ
һָ֮£·ûκµһɲǣĽ˼ֹķӡȴȻĽһ֮£ΪƵڣһѹļ֮ˡ
֡Ľˮˮ£ֲϵգ̧ḧࡣ
ֻУȴ̺һҸܰ˿ֵĲϣĽ䱧ס
ǲڵģһжǲڵģԣŻʧһʡ棬̺٣̺
٣ʵϣԵԿաһ䣬˵νᡭĽڡ
ߣӵԹջʱȻȥʮꡣ
ʯ⣬ɽ£ⷽԲԲǧڣʿԽԽֱ࣬գֻһ潻֮ˣȫֺǰĬĬɽʯʯͷϣˡ
ʱ㣬֪ȥ˶ãֱĽǾһͬճ䣬һͬ껪
նϣǿյġԵۣɢԿաֵصأЩ֪Ӻδȴ֪Ҫδȥ
Ʈգķţ飬·Ʈ䣬ⷽԲǧÿһʿϣҵ˼ǵһ
ճһƮĽǰճӣͬǶ֣ԶҲֿ
һ죬㿴ұ˫ۣ㱯ӣұĿһ˲ӡĵס
һΣҪ㣬뿪ȥȻУ㡭Ľ֣˫¶ˮᣬƵૡ


1611 
Ľ̺ᣬһ飬ֵĶУڰУᣬǲϵգһҲһЩĽʱš
ĽĻеһ̹ģ޷ǣеصǰסɽȡ
ɽȻ䣬УˣӰ˳Ը
֣Ըȥѡ
ɽУĽհ׷ɿݹǣǲпһĻĻ˺ģʹУ˱
ǵãĽʬ壬շһǿź
ҲҪ
ʱʱ̶̿Ժصֵȫ
һΣ㣬ֱġĽı֣·ֻȥᣬૣ˵һ飬һ飬һ顭
˵Լ˵˶ٱ顣
ָɿݵ˫̧ḧĽһͷ˿ɫͣ˵ͷ
Ůӣֱ֮ǧĹ¶УӰԽԽֱΪֵһС
üٻ÷ȵһںĺ֮У޷ȡӰӣ޷ֵġ
Լ֪ģѾһ꣬һ£һУڱĽʹ˻һ̣ȥˡ
յ߲ʣȱһɫҪһȥѰ
ȥնôնĶô̧ͷգյľһֻɫķڻʡ
뿪Թĵʮһ꣬ĽʯϣɽǧϥʿֱĽ΢ЦУһͬȥء
أֵĻԽԽ٣һ꿪һΣֱ귽һԡ
ԵԿգΪɳɵ뿪Թĵʮ궬죬ѩƮУִʯվӺܸоԼȻʱֻ̣ʣһ·̺㲻Ը⣬ҲҪȥˡ
Σ棬棬һˡ
һֽһεսᣬͬҲһеĿʼ
Ľ񻹺ᣬķ֣һͬվʯ벻
üԶĬĬĽеãЩԽԽֱ󣬳Ϊһ˵ʹʹͷ
ǵãôԽӵĲɣڡ
ĽỨ˵ͷ
ȥָĽ㷢˿ϵգ͸ǧ˼
Ľҧ´֣һԾ𣬴ƿգǧʿĿ£ԶԶȥˡ
ֱʧߣʧ˵ĿУ·𣬴δ֣δ
磬ߴһͷԷƮԺǲɫķ˿趯Ľϣ˿һǺɫɫĽԶҲԸֿ
ĽĿᣬǰʱ֣ϴܰ
ֿŽµĴڷĺХһһһĻɽһƽԭһ֣˷Ķǣһ˺ڵķˡ
֪ȥ˶ãֱǽµĴأɫ˴̣سһƬ಻ĴɽɽУһɽȡ
ɽȣгԹ⣬ڶҡ
ģҡ
أ·ľЩҶҡڣܿƽϢĽ֣֮ʱȻǴɽȡ
ɽһƬտӲĴЩлвҰɢ㡣
ˡɫ¶㱣ɽȵһУһ˼뱯ˣӻʹſţǱͬʱĿĽϡ
Ľͬܣ֮¶ĵ΢Ц
֣ǲҪȥǲΣסô
á
ʱ䣬ţɽڵӲݣȻȫʧһ򵥵ľݳɽУģɽȵջ
УһԣһչӸӲϣУһƬƬɫİߵƤϵεεġ
˵İߡÿһߵڣͬľ֣µӡ
ɴһ£΢ЦĽǰͬ˫ָٵŮӡ
Ůӵգ統ʱᣬһΪһϸˡ
ĽԷͨɣԸȥУԼҪһͬ緲һű˴˵İ׷߹
⣬֪ܲûֹĿӡ
ӡ
һ飬ǲں˴˵ͣں˴˵òںģֻһ۵Ļ궯
һ飬ǲںµţںںģֻһε˼
һ飬УϦ£ɽڵˣĬĬű˴ˣߵ΢Цϸ˵Ц
٣ؼ䣬Ǳ˴˳˶ԷûһУѣ½棬ɫ䣬һУϵİǰ΢
һ꣬һꡣ
ֻɫķûгֹ·ȥˡ
Ǳ˴˵ע£УĽ˴︴գƮ֣ҶɳɳŶ˵ӰӶߡ
һȥ꣬ѩ߹һһĶ
һ꣬뿪Թĵʮꡣ
һָ꣬ܵٻףһ죬ԼֻҪһ˫ۣͻԶͻ߳е硣һ죬ѾԽԽˡ
һ죬շһƬƬݻƵҶЩҶɽڣڵϻؾţһƬֵ±衣
̽ӣܳİҶ˰ߵС
ҶҪˡһ̣ȥԹŴ󸣣ȥճǣȥһһԼԼᡣ
꣬ûһΣһ
Ľһͷ׷ǲ֣߳ǵļңУԶ磬Ŵ󺣵һ߾ͷԹڵĴ½ȥˡ
ΣֲΣַͨ£еļʮ꣬ʱһ
ε棬ˣĴǽһս
⼸ʮڣսȻˮȵĳ̶ȣɢ֮£ȫ֮Žչ˷֡
ؽԶ֮ϣʮǰͱʿĳ룬һδεĴսУ˫˲أѪǿգѪȵϢŨŨ޷󣬽Ĵ򣬳Ϊ˷·һ硣
ԽԽпУܣƺٺӣȫ
һδεľУйطĴȻģˮ򣬵ʮǰһδսУˮش
һϢҲ޷ֹʿһ޷ϵش
һǰҲһѵѡǷȥأڷĹ磬ȸ⣬֮Уսף


1612 뼺һ
뿪Թǵʮ꣬졣
ٹ죬紵󺣣أԹ֮ʱȻǶˣȥԹһƬѩǣ·һɫްһ޼ʡ
ΨǵϹٵУѹĺۼǸ֨֨УԶȥ
˳ٵԿһջǿջѩбİѩѹţһƬɪУû̡
ջʮǰѾ̮˴룬ѹ˼ס޵˺󣬵˹˾УǵСƣҲȻȥ֪ȥ߻ţߣѾȥˡ
ö֮ģԹһĿջľͳΪ˷棬ǹٵԣ紵һƬû䡣
ھջʱͣһ£ĸһɢ⺮ڣɢûԶʧˡ
һµˣĿǸǱѪѹѹŵķջĿ͸׷䣬ã̾һ˸
һջҾϵڴԶȥ
ԶȥڵҲ΢ѩƮУڸأһжģΨǺĺХڴţ·֪ƣ
˵ʱ⣬ǶݵģԼĹڣĬĬؿƣѩ£ͬģ˵ʱ⣬Ҳ޵ģ޵䣬ڻУ˹ڡ
ٶȲ죬ǵУ˳Źٵźɽ£һСɽȥڵڶƻ֮ʱѩ£ԽԽ˿ûͣЪļ
ѩɽס˴أΨڵĬĬĳȥɽ壬ԽԽ
ֱƻţ٣ڷѩеɽ壬ңңĿѩеɽ壬ԶԶȥһƬʱ򣬾ЩƽʱǻĴ󹷣Ҳ˷ѩĸ֨ҲԸ̧ͷȥл
ҼһȼĻ¯ԣ⺮ĶҹԻȡůԼһů飬˫ůؼķˣһδεĶУٺ䡣
ɽУһᣬԺһȡůĴ󹷣֮⣬һƬѩ
Ժᣬһ΢Ļ͸ݻɫĴֽɢԺǰѩɫҲȼ·ƣϦУĵͷҪȥˡ
УԿǴֽһ͵ӰӰӣһϸϸĻˣڲŪҪһЩ
һˣһϵƣ۾޷ȫˣ֮˽ϵްͷԼ
Ǵ󸣡
ѾܶˡӦÿˡһɫӡظǸӡ󸣵У¶׷䡣
Ѿʮ꣬ʼռǵãǰţһֱȥ
˵һûеڶʮ꣬ˡɫ¶ƣŹչվҪȥϢʱͻȻԺֻĲԸڵĴ󹷣ʵĽл
ѹѩĸ֨Ժ⣬ͣŴ򿪣ӭŷѩųԯ
ȻΪϸ˵Ľ񣬴͵΢ЦվһԺӣԺ͸ƻᡣ
֨ѽһűƿԺ⣬Ƿѩ֣ɵЦ
һˡֿͬϵĴ󸣣΢Цڡ
ѩ
ѩԺڣȴʢ⺮УͶˣʮ꣬ٴˡ
һҹХѩĺܶ࣬ӵˣȴûиܵ䣬Ƿů
ֱ峿ʱѩϡ٣ǵ£أںϲѩȴ˸ܵ¡
ѩϣʹôĿǹâէһЩ˫ۣһյ峿ִĽ񣬻д󸣣ȥ˴ָĸĹء
ĹǰĽͬһԣ֣ĹǰĬ˺ܾá
ĽǵĶϱҴǡûпޣûᣬĽ֣Ĺһݡ
պڷѩУɽ壬ճǶȥ
ϣͷŽѩеļңǰƸֳʮǰԼһ˱䣬ڸĸĿ£ÿ߼Ҫͷȥֱ˸ĸӰתͷδһȥ
ʱ¶֪Լδĵ·ںηֻ֪ԼҪõԺϺӣҪǣȥ̧ͷԼһˡ
ϿȥһĻĻģֱѩȡ̾Уַ˸
Զȥ
ʮĴ죬ճǡ
ճǵĴ죬︴գѩˮڻݵķ㣬飬
ζֺϤѰǷ㣬統ֵһճʱһһһ˹𻨾ƣĽڻϣžƣճ䣬Ʒζ
󸣻統ӣһԣ֣¶ĵ΢Ц
һԼᣬһžƺѾĺ꣬ϵ˰߸࣬ɫžƺһڡ
صȴĽ񣬵ҡ
һһĹȥճǵĴºȻţһ¡
ǵʮ£ٴη׷ɶڴͷŹ𻨾ƣЦ
ߣ֮Ҳߣٴ֮ҲΣΪΡΪλֳЦУǻ˳źӵǰһʯţûˣֻϵգȴһֻɫķ
Ѿܾúܾûг֣˿̳֮ʯϻأŵֵܽƱģ·صһУһ˲䣬ȫģĿˡ
ΨʯţΨǻػĻڣۡ
Żٽֵ˫¶ʮĹâվӣʯţĿ⾼
ˡૡ
ʱǰɫķХʯϣһƬɫľ⣬ԶԶһ·ΪһɫС
ڣ߳һˡ
һ꣬һͷ׷ɫ͸ããȻĿܣֱǻԽԽ˫Ȼֱӿϵ֡
˵Ŀ⣬ģУһ˲Ϣ䣬ʱֹͣţ˵еʱ䣬ĵȷȷȫͣ
Ľٵ˫̣ʧһԣһܵĺˮǻ֮ɢյ趯Ʈڰգ̲
һеһУһɲǣͣ١
Ψʯϵ꣬ΨǴͷϵ֣ɡ
βԼһơֺЦһԡ
ʯϵİ׷꣬ĬƬ̣ǰһȥ˲Ϣվ˴ͷһԺһƣһںûȥһԼųϸ˵Ľãá


1613 ѣ
ΪʲôҲ׷ٴκһھƣ˫ۡ
նϣȥնƺһڣڡ
ǰ׷Ĭֱһȫ¡
ڹô
ңҾ㣬ҹ㣬ҲڹԼˡƽһЦ
Ҵ˿̻ڳ˯ƭ֮ΣҲҿԲٿأǰڵĲӵܶ׷
û˵
ˣһˣ⻭ϣһжͣٵڣһһڣžơ
ûʧƮȴǺ̫̫ľơ
һΡ׷֮ڡ
αңҵĸܣҲĸܡַ¾ƺ
׼ô׷곤̾Ľ񣬽˫ģ
߰ɡתͷĽ¶ŨŨĲᣬֻǼٲᣬףԼҪˡΣҪˡ
кܶܶ飬ȴȥкܶܶˣȴ
ңһѡ
׷ͬ¶ᣬĬĬվĽǰͷüǣеĲᱻأ𱯰ͬʱ͵ת̧һץ̱һƣС
ط£׷곤̾ǰһȥӰһֻɫķֱնȥʧ
뿪صһл֮ͣУû˿ĸı䣬ΨǺƵȴ𣬺£
ֳĬʱֹͣУûţȴ˺ܾúܾãĽߣԣ˫ַڹϣ˫ۣĵ
ûصȴֵ󱯰һо˼
һ꣬һ죬ħĻٹһ׷ɱһɪһҵͷȥһį
ֻ꣬أз䣬˶£Ǹ˼ȴԺ
꣬Ҳһ̣㲻ᣬ㲻ᡭ
գϵ˫ۣ֣ǺµľƣžƺĽһۣĵϣһۣƺʯá
һۣѡ
ЦǾƺߣأʮ磬һںƣ
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ȴָ֮ʱȼա
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غڵĴֱֻɢһͬɢģǺˮʯţӵĻƯֹޱ
һεĲƣΪ˷ɢճǵһᣬת˲֮ȫɢճǣԹһɽ壬һӣһɣɽ壬ǹٵһеһУȫһɲǣɢ
ԹԹ⣬ҲãѩҲãһͬĹҲãȫ֮
޾Ĵ󺣣ĺˣǺһߣһ½Ľļ磬Ҳһ˲䣬ɢǻٹҲãҲգħĽļңǴɽȣҲһɲǣɻұ
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ͬ˿ߵĽһ
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ȸӣڵ죬죬ȸӡһƬ½ҲãľͷһƬ½ҲգеˣȫʧӰ
磬һ̣û˴أû飬ֻʣա
Ψһûʧģֻ֣ߵĴ󸣡
ؼ䣬ֻʣˡ
Ľɢֵˮ£޾գ֪ȥյ磬֮ºصγһ޴УڣһƬеѪͷ׷꣬ŵ˫ڣͬˮ¡
ᡭΣչѵһ̣һ̳գԼԼںĺƺΣˡ
ʲô١֣ĿΪ棬ĿΪ١һ仰˵ڵɲǣץŴ󸣵֣ǽɫӡصϵ˫ۣرˡ
Ŀ˲䣬ǰһĻĻ棬Щ棬ᣬգȴڳ֮󣬾һһɢڣҪȥѰңΨмС
УԼĽ񣬻дڻϣʱһ˲̡
һڷѩйٵ߹ѩеɽϼңĳȥ
ԼĽɽȵļУ£Ҹʱ⣬Ƕ˶ӵ˫Ŀ·Ϊõ׷ݣ˻ͷʱȴôҲˡ
Լɽʯϣأǧ޾ʿĤݣЩȺУüᡣ
ĻɽԣԼָŭһ飬ȥһƭԼȴƭԼȥնĽָŲ죬ָǰɫķĺԼ
նĶôնôնϣ
Ǵϣ޾˾Уһ̴ŭǴϵˣڳǺĺҥһ֮棡
ĻУһͤ⣬һӤŮӣȫϢɱ
Թ߾üã˫ۣǺЦУ˵ĵҩ
˸ԼĻ˫ۣݶϣǴŻҶԽԽԶĸҲû˫Ŀǣε˸ףһȥ΢Ц
ճڣԼŭɱ˵ʿһｫ侪ˣ
յһʱԼ꣬Ŵ󸣣ǻϵһԼԼᡣ
󿴵ģǹٵԣһªĿջǿջڵϣſһ˵꣬ߣСüͷһһȥš
С磬ѡ˴ջҪˣѡ
µ̧꣬ͷϡɵ˫ĿɵЦ˵һ仰
Ҹ㣬ҸղһΡμԼɡ
еĻ棬ֳڵһ˲ȫģƬ
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Σˡ
Ǵڽڽ֮УսϹ֮ΪڵڣѪɫĹâУõİ׷꣬˫ۡ
ԵԿգСңˡ
գˡʹһ죬ǿǰˣ¶񾭣ʹ̡
һ룬ҪƵĵѣڲ£ʲôҩԻ⣬ɱ񾭣ҽҪˡ


ʮһ Զ


1614 ӡ
ڵڣѪһһʮʼղϣֻѪɫĹâԽ·ٹ˶ãͻȫʧ
գڵڣҲᱻ˲ʱ⣬֪١
֮⣬˾Ǿ
ֱһ죬Ѫڵʬ壬ǰ׷꣬˫ۡ
˫һɲǣڵڣͻȻ֮ʼδңܿʹﵽ۷һصĺ
ǺҪ˺ڵޣ˺һǿգҪɲǣԽӾⰲڣص˷
ˣƵ𣬸裬ڵ޾˸£ߣȥͬһž޴ޱȵĵ޾ޣȫڡ
ף˸ĵ磬һ̣·ΪӭǵľǺͬһ˷˷ܵģǵѣ
һ磬ںнͬӭǵľ
֮Уһɻ籩ɾɫת֮ޣȼղϣǾɫ籩ת֮£ϾɫȻһ
ϣ˫۵İ׷Ϊģܺɨɢֱ·Ϸԡ
ǻͬӭǵľ
𺣵ľǰ׷֣꣬
˫ۣĿ棬Ŀ磬ɫ͸һֻڣȴѵı
һΣȥʮ꣬ʮ꣬˵ȻΣԼһԼģģƭ֮Լƭ
Уڸոѵһ̣ã֣ץ߷ӵһɫӡ
֮𺣾£еãǿлɢȡ֮ģǱᶨһһк󣬴ɢ޾ɱ
𣬻Ǽ֣ˣ
˫Ŀ¶޾⣬ӣվ̧ͷѪޡ
޵ǧ꣬գҪƿţΪ޵ܣ̧һָǰ
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׺޾Ťһת֮£ڵȫһ𣬻һ֮ףȻٽ֣ƯѪ⣬ͬʱĿڵӡһѪĲ֮ںһ
γһرԴ֮粻ӡǣ
һӡŵ֮תȦȻںϣһԴ
ⱾԴֵɲǣշҪӡɢ֮Ժ俪أʹ޲ͬһƣܼɢʹ޵һУ·ŤĲʵˡ
һɿµϢںȻɢϢ֮ǿ÷ɫ䣬֮У޼᲻ݵ֮
ܲٿ֮ˣɣ
һɵܵѹǱԴӡڴ֮ʣһԺڵĴܣ
ں˰֮׺󣬳ΪһƬ̬ȻûӣǱһŻ֮
س֮еһշܳıԴ֮
ɫѪ֮⣬תתУٴһָ
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ǻͼڣէһʵʣʵϣȴòһƬģϢƣŤɢĸ£ȴԷյڵĴܣ
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Ψ֣εķʽѵһ̣еԼ֮ӵеǹԾ˹ĺƵ֮Уڴ˿̣˵֣Ȼı˳
ԴӰȴֵУƿΪΪƣӽ𣬽ΪһĵԴͨ
ӡ


1615 Ŀǰ
ӡƿ֮Ϊ֮סƵḶ́ԵԴԵ֮һӡ
ӡ־ֻǸո֮ǿȴǼΪˡ
ؼ䣬û˱˽Ϊ˼룬ʮεǧ˼ټ컯ʹһ죬һ̣ѵɲǣɵһ˲⾪춯صĵʽͨ
ӡһԽ˴ֻأͬεˮһиı䣬ԼΪԵķʽԶ
ͨǵ
Լ֣ƿ֮УǹɴһĺƵ֮ϢԾ˹񣬿һĿ֮£õʿȻˡ
ΪӵϢ֣صĵأ
̧ǰһӣ˫Ŀ¶֮âԴ֮ǻǰӡ
ӡԴĵʽͨͬҲԴɵı־
ӡԴ֮Դһ𣬻ܣԶԶȥγһһĻԲȦǵܵϢһı
Դɣ˿пԲʿڴˣҲֿסȫһԴѳɣһɺɣ
Դûһɲǣãڣ̾ңңһ
ȸ⣬˿ʿܣγһܵķɻΧסȸǡ
ʿȫԽ⣬һüĶӡǣɫ˲ɱ˷֮ɫɢ
ΧסģǽڲһΪףȸ⣬սס
ӱֻʿ⼸ʮķսУȻƣǷɱۣǲԸ룬Ը뿪ȥ졣
ȥ죬кã
Žɱһ̣ǻ˵ʲôط
ôڼ磬ҪսôսڷĹ磬ȸǣ
ȸϷĵɽһʹô˿̱ΧʿЦ
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ֺη˾ͽϳЦУһͷԷƮɫۻּɱЩʿ֮СЩصϤĽ̵ټ˾ͽϵǾ˵츳ʮǰصİº俪˿ţΪ˵ܣ
˾ͽһͬģʮдͷˣǵΪ˵εսУȴǿٵĳɳ˿̾ƣɱ졣
֮Уӣ³ӡ
֮ӴͬжӡΪ̣֪ԷǷ֪ȸֵĹ磬֪ʧ١
ԲȴˣûдأǶһˣ俰ȿ֮Ϊȸ⣬ɽͼȸǣʹȸ޷ʿһٺ顣
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ΪȻߣЩܻûеȴﵽ˵˥۷塣
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һĮ֮ԴӣΪߣ˿̸ǱǰΪǿڣһˣ˾ͽϣö˽ڽڰˡ
ⳡսһսȻȫݣֻʣһطֻʣȸǣ
˿̣սҲ뵽βʿıѹͨ£ǧʿϵغˣǵɫУ͸˾
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ҫ٣ҫˣ֮Уͬ˷һƬ·Ϊһź
걻ҵɱ֮ˣҫһĮӻּ䣬֮°ǰǧɱ⣬˾ͽϼܿ
֣¶֮ɫһָΪɱ
ܵʿͺ𣬴һ棬ϵرƽ
ʱͻȻɱ¾սϿգ޾ǳڣȴһ·³ĺңңǺʼԶ˲Ϣ䣬ͷ·صһ
͸һɲɣһˣɫһľϢ
һռǿյôţǺ£Ƭǿ֮У֮޷ݣʿǰͬһ㣡
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⡭ǿţ
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֮ޣѵ̤ףȻսϱԴɡ
ͬ𾪵ģ誣ɫ䣬ǿţһϤ֮Уɢ
⡭Ϣǡ֮ūֵӡȴǱ֮һˣҪϢֹ
꣬Ҳ֮ųֵɲǣ˫𣬺һ
ҵҪʿǧУ˭ڴ˿̱ԴɣҪոճΪ̵
Щˣ͸˵ЩѰʿˣǽ֮޻ǽʿȫһɲǣĿɿڴһǿͻȻֵĿ֮š
޷ȥʱ򣬾Ȼ˿Ž٣κһοŵĽ٣ڽڻǽ⣬һĪʢһģ˽ܳΪܡ


1616 Դһ˾
˭˭ʱ˿ţ
̫޷⡭ȻȻ
Ϸ뽻սδ飬δ̫˼һЩ
Ȼ֮ŵĳ֣ʹⳡս˶ݵͣ٣ǽʿǽʿȫһ˲໥ȥҪҵ˭˿š
գȴû˿֡
ͬʱǳǿ֮еĿţڴǹɺƵϢȴûֹͣǳıγһԽԽǿѹ
ѹ֮ǿɢ֮Ľ·ս˫ʿܺɨƿ
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ܿģǿžȫʵͬʵһǿУϹâɣְ˷ڵǿգ
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һȴ罻£ǿϣ춯أʹǿֱӲ
ױԴĿһ
µɲǣȴһƬȼգӴĿ⣬ҵĺԣ
Դɫ
ڻֵ˲䣬һɵǿƾճ֣̺һҪȥ֮һģͼͼһӡǣȴˣûܿߡ
ӡһˣôǱӡ֮Уһ
⣡ԴȻԴԴţδ˵˭˫ͫɫ䡣
ͬ𾪵ģӣΪ˿ڸܵǿŵԴɫʱ仯£Ķǿš
Դ䣬Ȼסջ컯Դ֮һ俪ţܻǿڣȴԺɱڴܣ
˾ͽϣӣ³ӵˣһɫͻȻֵĿţε⣬飬ǲ֪Ǹǻ
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Դϥ£˫̧˫Ŀ΢΢պϡ
һ֮£Ѫɫâ⣬̵ĵԴȻ֡
ĵԴ
Ϊֻһ˵ϣ˵ĻعŻ£ֵ֮ϣ̾ͳһŰ֮£һɫӡǡ
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ӡ
˫쿪Ȼ䣬Ǻڰ׹âѪ⻯һӡǣܣԴһ
⣬Դģͨӡ
ӡһĪ⣡
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ĵԴҽ֮Уδ˿ĵԴţⲻܣԲܣ
ɫ˲԰ףԴѾ𾪣ãǾǼˣһȻеĵ
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ʱǿžȻٴһϵѹȻΪǿҵıɱ֮γɷ籩ʿܺɨܿ
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ǧʿӵĵͺ£һԥ˺󣬴˷صȸǡ
ɫƯǿգһɢ߳һߣɫŭĿһǿյĿţ˫ͫ΢ɲһ¡


1617 ǣ½
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ߣ֮󣬼ǽҲǼ˲֪̫У
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˿ǲƻصУЦȥÿһ£ȸ󷨶ᷢ־ҵı仯Ҫǰ
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ͬʱҲ͵̧ͷǿ֮ţһУ䣬¶֮ɫ
ڡԴؼ䣬Ȼ˿ӵԴ
ͫͷǿţɫΪ
ãڣǰһӣٱԴ۳ӡͨӡ
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˽ˮɱ¾Դʱ۶ķѽɱ¾Դ
һס˽˫Ŀ͸֮⣬ݺݵһץ֮£˽̱֮УɫϢγһȫڡ
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Դɱ¾Դ
ɢУ¶ֵӰɫзһɷɱ֮ɫɱ¾ڱ
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ѪҺ۶ɲǣѪⲻ٣ȡ֮һƬɫǽɫд˵ѪҺ˲ȫ
ѪҺһѰü֮ϣȴδںϣüĻһ㣬˸˼ºʧ
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Ҫ̤ȥʱͻȻһĿһУȴڼٵתУȻһΪһֵǰ͵ǳѡĵ·
УͨͬĵطһڣϤϢȸڣʧĵط
һڣȴ͸⣬һŨ˳г֣üУĽɫѪҺ
ǡɫһϸĿ˼ۺ̧ǽɫһָһָ֮£еת̾ͻ仺Ŀ磬ʶ籩һֱӾͳڣ⣬һһء
һƬޱ޼ʵĴأ֮ϣȻоŸ̫ǾŸ̫֮󣬹â֡
ɽ崦޾󺣣ϣǶദֵʶ޷ȫΧʶһɨ֮£Ҳ½Ĳ֮һ
Ĵ½ڽ
֮Ũ޷󣬵ֲȻûһʶ֮СޣһЩƣȻ߱׵Ϊ
ܵһɹǿϢЩϢ֮ǿ뵽߲ʽ翴߲ʵˣ
ǿһһȴڰһ٣һɫŮͯ
Ůֻͯ߰ͣòƯ˫Ͼһ˿棬֮ͣ·Ŀ·Դ͸һУϡƿһ
ʲôطֵʶãȻƬأɲǣȴһƴڴֵֹǽʶأʹһУͬһ㼱Զȥֵջأһ֮УվУǰ
ͨУֳĬ֮ĿһͨȸǵУŲеһɲǣȴԺУͻȻһź۵ͯ
ôˣ½ҽޣʲô
ֽŲһ٣ֻȻģƸľ̫Զ̫Զɢˡ
½תһһУ֣ǵһӷӵĿУҲһΡ
˵磬½
ֳĬƺʲôҪڽһ춯ص֮££һĤ޷ȫͨ˼
½߲ʵˡˮӡսϹӡԶ򡭡սϹƺ̸ʱ˵һʣڸһߣ߹ᴩЩˣ߻һЩҲ֪ģȫϵһ֮󣬾ڽ⣬յľأ
ε֮ǰңûʸȥ֪Щ飬ʸУ˫һһɱ䣬߽ͨȸǵС
ӰȻ䣬ڣʧ
ȸ⣬ǳǿУ֮ĿţԴ֮ʹţΪ˹ڽ⣬δֹ۷֮ࡣ
ųȴʼû֮߳һȴγһεϢ֮ýʿڣоѹĴڡ
ģȻԴҲ޷˵˭ȻԴţһ俪Ϊ㻹ǿڣǿһսں̵ܶʱڣԽվ
ˣǽ֮ޣҪɱ֮ɱתȥľĿţȸһȥ
Ƿˣͬ߱˿ڵΪ˿Уٽȸ󷨵һɲǣֱ̧ۺȻɫһ֮£䶯ͬ籩ֱӳȸ󷨡
ص䣬±ͽҪ󷨣Ȼ鿪Ƭʹȸǣû˱
ɱȥǺȥһΣֱӾ̤Ǳ󷨣ȸϣƵķ
ǵܣǧʿƣҪһս
ЦУ̧֣Ҫ𣬵ʱͻȻɫһ䣬͵תǿԵǿա
֮ˣ


1618 俪ţǴ
ȸ⣬ǿԣһУת֮£һɾ춯صϢ͸
תɲǣͬһӦ֮̿ȥ誣ȸ󷨱׼ڵʿͬһ˲䣬ܵǲ־Ϣ
ϢϤϢϤϢϤ
Ϣ誸Ϥɢ
ͬģǿ֮УӴĿ⣬дϢҲȸϷԵǧʿܵڼʮϤ
Ҿ˵ˣˣҵֵܣˣ˾ͽһ¶ϲЦ
ӵ֮ǰڲ²˭Ȼ컯Դţ˿Ϣ֮ʱȴͬЦ
ãããܻ֮
ʮ³ӡɫήҵʥʣ˿ȫһ𣬿ǿУ¶֮ɫ
ʮǼѡ
¶΢ЦſУƿ˵ԼǰŭӰ
𣡣𣡣
ҫҫվڵǧʿ˿һз˱õ֮о˲ϤϢ˾ͽϵ˵ɫȴʱ͸ֳһ֣
һԶҲ޷ǵ֣
֣
ǧڷǰźԽԽңջһ춯أȸǣǿУ棬ʿĶС
ʿѾڼеجٴѸֵһɲǣУǽǧʿĺ£һ£һͷ׷ɫɱĮӣӰһ߳
İ׷趯ӣ˿̸˵ĸо·ǴӻȪǴ֣֮߳Ƿ
һˡ߳У˫͸⣬ɨһʿĿߣ׷Ȼʶˡ
誣Ǻ£ٺˡ
¶޷ţļǵãԷǳɱ£ѾŶԣûٴγֵʱ򣬾ȻԴš
飬侲Ȼ
𣡣ˣ
ҫ
ҫȸϵǧʿ˿˷ӵһһɴδйƣǿա
ֳֵɲǣЩʿ˲䣬ɫޱȣ¶ɱתſµһȥ
ƿС㵱ûҲɣϷҪ⻹ṳ̂СϷдϷûжɣϷ֮ˣ飬˵һ裬Ϊ£µģ֧
˿ǲսӣΪ̫ȴ޷
˿̻У֮죬ں֮Ȼٽ֡
ɫĮٵɲǣ˫۱֮͵һ֮ʱһɺȻ֮üĿ϶ϢǵȻһأη֮
ϢضҪˣҪ֣صĹǰҲͬ裬ˣ˵Ĵ֮ᣡ
ʿҲˣ˴֮䱾ʣҲˣ
£һۿȥٵϣȥ۶Էôǿ󣬵һ뷲ˣϣһɽһʯһһľûκ
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Ϣ꣬ںΪںݣֻһ仰ͬعع֮ϣͬʥּڷ˵׺䶥һ㡣
Ȼ֮£Լ۾Լ˿ĸо˿̵ӣеʿûκε
㡭㡭ʶĺɣ¶ϼΪľ֮ɫһ仰һɺȻ֮أ
һĻԶɫҰһƬ¶
ӣԭҲȥɱ֣˿ŲȴһҲû޵ǰΪӣ˿̵֣иֳ·˴𺳸о
ˣ͸˵Щʿˣһһ仰£ٴ˺󣬿ֵĿ⣬¶ε޾η塣
ִһ˦󿴶Էһָ̧ۣӭš
桢١ɱ¾Դ֮ؼ䣬俪ţֻﴫ˷仰ﴫɲǣϴһѹ
ɿţ
̧ͷռǿյӴ֮ţһ죬ǧ꣬һ죬̫̫ã
޵֮ʱδԼгΪܵһ죬һ죬ˣ
ֵڶԿţһԴɣȴûк俪죬ţضԺ俪ţΪܣ
ָ̧֮ϣԴûָһתĹ򣬱һסֱ塣
һԾʿǽǧʿڼܵĿ£ֱǿŶȥ
俪ţǵܣ
俪ţͿ߳ƣ
俪ţʸȥ֪ڽ⣬յأ
ִʲУһ·߹һ߹ڶ죬ҪĿ£ȥţȥΪܣ
ֵļУµˮɱ¾Դźһ֮£Ŵ򿪣Ǳ˼ѷ죬ǿһ鿪ľһ
ʹÿ鿪һǣټ֮ν俪ţȫƴȫǿŴһЩǷȥƶǧʯ£մ˿ţҲȻǺķȫͬһս
ˮǰߣûУȷ
ǱԴԽ࣬ĿžԽԺ俪˵ֵԴ֮δֹһ۳ĿţΪڽʷǰǰ޹ߵǿһΣ
ţ俪ѶȣˮƿŵֹǻɵƿţѶȳ̫̫ࡣ
ͬģһűֺ俪˿֮Ĺ룬ֵԴ֮ںһֵΪͻͽ
ƴţѣҴҼΣҲ˽⣬һκ俪Ҫǰ޹ˣҲûߣ̧ͷУ׷趯ȭӵԾֱǿţԽԽԽԽ


1619 һĺ
֮Ծ£һգ䣬ȴ·ץУһȭ֮£ֱӾ˿ǰ
򲻿һ򲻿˶ıԴؼܴ򿪣誷ˣ˫۵ľڣ¶ֻܰһֺ䲻ϣֻˣΪԼŻһ
Դ֮ţҵŵѶȶ֡Ѵ򿪣ԴԽ࣬Խѣ˶ǰʧܣһʧܣ֮ʱͬˣףڿų֣˶ɿ֮ʱֹĻγ˰
ɫȥĶҪŵ֣¶Ц
״򿪣شңԴ֮ţѶȸ޷СԴкãҵҪκ俪ţʱ򶼲Ϸ֣пܾڿ֮£
ǣֿԺ俪ţߣǲȥԼţ
ڽʿ˵ȴǴĵףϵһΣܺ俪ǿĿţΪܣ
֣һҪ俪ţ˾ͽսȭͷɫǽţԼʱذͬ˿ͷ֪֮ѣĿţҪǿһΪǡ
Ŀ⾼УȻڹؼʱ̣ƴȫȥֵĴ㡣
Դ֮ţҲҪ򿪣һֵΪҽһɼǿ֮
³ӡӣʥʵˣ׷ײĿɫ͸֮ɫ
ʥʣǵǲѣʶ֪Էʥ֮ˣ˿һץʥڵļ֮û
ؼʱϷʥڵıȥ俪š
˼Ҳ˵˿Զ֣Ӱ֮ſŶȥӴĿȣֵӼΪССӰȴһ̱һزܱǿ֮ɢʿ˼һƬհףֻʣǾһȭ
һȭֵҲڿºȴֻܽŴһ˿Դɣܻûںһ𣬵֮ȴǵֹ
һȭ£غԶԶȥֵӰͬһ֮ʱĵһ֮£ֱӾǿ֮ϡ
죬ص˷Ǿ𶯣ʿвֱѪӵȻҪ뿪
ǺУӴĿͨһ𣬷޷һ㣬Ǻ£Ĵһ˿
ſһ˿˲䣬һХХУڣ޾ǿУͻȻһƾճ֣һ־ͷ·ܵĳֺһ˷ֱȸǶ
һ𶯲ѣһſϣһڱֱȸǡ
һǿڣе趯ߡ
УĽʿЩʿʮϰ٣ǧ˳Ⱥȥ׷ɱʿڴ˿̣ڵʿȴ̾ͱ߻ԶĹ𺳣ǲ֪ʲô飬ȴԸܵһɲǣ򣬱
ƺؼһ̣ãĽ죬ҵǵ֮ľһХںǶȥ
ԶԶȥһƬǴһŹˣ϶ߣһſһǿкɨһʿߣֱӺХ
ʲô飡
⡭⵽ôˣ
ô˶ĪǳʲôԵ
Щȫȥһʲô飡
Ǹ򣬲ȸôĪʲôʣȻ֮ڣÿһʿȺڣ䴫
ãȻǲ֪׷ʲôЩ㲻ϣ̾ͲҽȫһĻĻʹЩĽʿһɫ䡣
һʶɢҪѰȥ̽龿
ǴߵϿ¿ȥĿĴˣ۶Լٶȣֱȸǣֱǿ⣬֣
оŨ޷Լ۾˷ƴĺȥ֮ʱȫĴ
̫̫磬ȻڵǿգһĿĹâ
⡭⡭ӣ˫۴Ŀ֮£ɫ԰Ϊܵ˿ڣ޾ͬͷƤ顣
Ҳһ㶣˫¶֮ɫôҲû뵽ֵԴȻ֮
ѰԴϷҲ޴ܣȴûƣ֣ԴγɣȻ˫Ŀһ
ߣס˼ûȫ̾ͱһΪңȫѹ޾ĺϣɫ֮£ʶɢһһʶ˺
ܣʧ
̫֮һ𾪵ģֻһ¼ʶһɨ£˴ƺڣȻӿֶ޾
һ磬лУôҲû뵽һХȻƺҲ
ƺڣ˿һһһ½ڳ֣˳ٻֱ飡
ǴƺһƬƬȻϡУͬкصֻȻһƬֱӺ俪ıϣ
ҲͰˣһХڴƺͬٺӣٺڵǿȫʿһɲͬʱϣһͬһ㣬˵ͬһ޾硣
ٺըĽʿǣǿգ纣һХ磬ȫĴ
ˡʲô
ٺӡƺģ죡ûб⹥ݣڽУ˿ЩʿĿɿڴ£ǿȥֱ鷽
һֳХٻ׵Ļɽ磬ţǵڵĲҲں֮²ɽ磬һηɳԶԶȥͬһӣ侪֮£ֱ֮ʱⳡĻ£
飬졢ƺٺӣĴ򣬽һ̣ȫȸǣ̧֣趯һ쳤Хߣ


1620 һ
ڽ⣬ķ໥ͨڴʱȻ˺һȱڣһʹǳХһķʽһٻӸƺȱд˽̫ǳ
ãã̫ǳһ̣䣬ȴлûֱƺȱڶȥ
ڽʿУ֮ߣһɲȫӾȫԪ·ܿƴ϶Զȥ
ģ̫ǳߣƺȱڣڣ֮ںһȸǶȥ
һ˵ʵȴǼ죬ȸ⣬ԣֵХͣ٣ܺԽڽط磬һ̣ȫˡ
𶯵ļҪǿյʹЩʿѪʩչȫͨҪȥԿ
ǰһƬģǴĿâ·Դ͸һۣ֮֮Уǿһָ֮£ǿУһĻδйĺ֮
Խڽ⣬֮ںţһּΪţΪԵķʽȥţ
֮ǰ˭Ҳ֮Ҳע˿
䣡
ǲϵ϶ȴһĳţԶԶȥԶޱ޼ʣһҪű
֮£ӴĿţֱӾͳһϸܵѷ죬ѷֵɲǣǾҵĺ£ŵıԵһƬĩֱӴܿʼ˱
ͬʱؼбٻٵȫϵڿϣʹű̫̫֮ͬҪĹâ
飡һȡ
֮УҲֱ࣬ӱƬţǿ֮ͬ£ǹâ֮У
Ųϵر˲䣬ӴĿţ׵׵ȫ鿪Ƭ˷
ţһ޴гǿգֱӾһһ޾֮ٵйӿ
ȴ˫Ŀһ֮£̧һ˦һɴȻֱйĿ֮ϣ»صС
俪˿ţ
ûȥǿ֮˿̵ΪȴǺȻԲ˥УؼһΪֱӾʹﵽ˵վΪ˿ڣ
Ⲣִ˿ʵΪһƣһĵεƣ
ƣ룬ֻҪȥǿ֮˲仯ΪʹΪҲﵽ˵ڣ
ĳڣһԴѣĳڣֲҪ̵գ̵Դɣ俪Žǿ㣡
Ҫģһˣ
һĻʿ
ɫһƬңȻҪ뿪ȴǿձһѹ֣Ȼ޷˳벽
̧ͷУѹԴԶ֣һۣ
һ֮£һֱһѪ
ɫ԰ףһЩͬʱһ޷ţȻͷ
ĪҪ
һţֱȻӶУ˫Ŀʱһ˫ǵˣҲһ¶˾֮ɫ
ֻǴһ˦֮£ǿбĿУȻ伱תһɱ֮ţҪǿѹںޱɢѹһǿձ֮ȴֱӾͳѡ
ɢȴ֮ģȻһȿ֮ţ
ţ֮ҪСһЩϵĺƵ֮ȴǸŨ
һķ𣡡¶ӣһδƺԷΪ𣬶С
俪˿ţǿ֮ӿԴʹΪһ˲䣬ﵽĵһ̺ܶݣһ֮žͻɢ
˶ץʱ䣬ȥΪһӣô֮űҲǻܿ۳
һٴ۳ţǿ֮ͻɢһ֮ǰǴ򿪣ҲãҪٴκ俪ֻǵڶ۵ĿţǿȻ
ˣûпųʱΪûеͿնɱܣһžǿȷ޷κ𾡹ΣǲòԼ֮ǰжϴ
Ҫ俪һοţҪȥǼ֮£ҪÿһԴ俪һţģԴܣ
ȥѶ̫󣬵ôȴǱ֮俪һοţҪǿ֣֮ɱŨ
Ȼ˿Ϸȥ£ôҵҪΣ
ȡжֵ֮ĵڶοţǿջû𾪵Ĳǽޣн˾ͽϵˡ
ǿųֵɲǣ¶Ϻ⣬һ֣ǷԴ֮ˣӹˣʸȥţʸȴǴδ˸ģ֮١
ֹˣ֮ǰοţ֪ÿ俪һοţ֮ʱɢĿ֮ͻԽࡣ
ԴɣҪںһҪĿ֮͸Ӵ޷ɿֲ֪֮ΪȴףĿ֮ʿΪܵĹؼ

ʶҪˣ
ǿŵڶγֵɲǣ˫һ̧ǿһָƽĿڣͬʹǿһ
֮Դ֮ٴ˿ţ仰µ˲䣬ɫ϶𣬾ǿգ˷
һɲǣ顢ƺ졢ٺӣڽ̫ǳȫһȻ֣޾Ļ棬ӽڽХһָ֮УֱŶȥ
޷ȥһĻ׳ۣ飬Ǻܶʿһ޷
޾УֱŶȥ֮һɲǾ쿪һǿȫ֣ɢ֮Уǿźһ£ٴα
һεıûƬɢеƬȫ֮£ճɻҼ
ŵڶαͬʱ֮ҪŨʮֱ֮йӿ֣Щ֮˵ǲԼԴںϡ
ԣٴһ˦ӣ𣬾ǿ֮ع֮󣬳ֵǱ֮ղŸС
ţֳЦУһָǿգ
˿̣Ż汾Դ俪˵ڶţϵƣٴαգֵ컯֮գ죬̤۷һ죡
ô꣬ڴôãΪһ̵ĵΪܣ
ϵƣڵһκ俪ʱﵽ˿ڣ˿̵ڶһ飬ȫƺȻȻӿڣֱƵ˿ڣ


1621 չ
ûҲûʱȥ˼ҪľŵıҪľǳΪ֮Ϊͻɣ
˿һȥǿ̳֮ΪʿΪǲҪҲԴ֮ˣ
ģһָһŭǿձĿڴȴмת֮£Ȼ䣬ţû
ڵųֵ˲䣬󣬵ţͬʱ֣
ҲͰˣǵź󣬾Ȼֳһǵţ
֮ţͬʱû֮䣬ԶԶȥһĻģܵʿ·ʧȥʶֻʣ˿־뺧Ȼ
ţ
Ҫʲô˲ϵغõܼԵĿţ
ҽ̫Ҳδ˵㡭𡭡𡭡
ɫƽֵ֮ţǰһȥһǣĿ£ֱŶȥ
򡭡ǰУ쿪ָƣɲǾǵǰ̧ӴĿţֱӾͰȥ
ڰȥһɲǣֵصջһ
ӡ
ӡʮεʽͨ
ӡֳڵɲǣֵ֣ȫİǵϣһµɲǣ˫¶⣬ָץںݺݵһۣһָȻǿڣǿУָ£סȭͷ
һ֮£·סһУֵݺݵһգֱӴ̧
͵һ˦һ˦֮£ȻһŤĿӰֵקһ㡣
̧ɲǣţ̾кصȴ֮£һѷ֮ǰ֮ɢת֮£ţһƬֱɢ
ţ
ű˲䣬ֵЦصԴƣȫƣٴαֱӾʹǿڣ˿ڣ
ӹ񣬵ܴδй飬ں俪ŵʱһ㣡
ûͣ٣ǵ鿪ͬʱһȥ͸ЩɢĿƬһ֮¾˵⣬˫̧ͬʱ档
ӡ
ֵ֣һɰµɲǣӿУռһ롣ͬʱɢĺ籩һɨУǰŤתʹǿžҵ
ӡֳڣɫƽ˫ĿȴһɸصİȻ˫ǰԣݺݵһ
ҿ
ֵĵͺ£˫ַ̺֮Ȼһ֮£ǵţкȻ
ţ
ڴ鿪˲䣬ϵƣٴκȻ֮ǰĿڣﵽ˿ĴԲվ˿۷֮ϣ
ü֮жʱһѷҪ֣ѷһƬڣ̺һ磡
ǿʿУ磬֮꣬磬ʿǿĤԼΪԼ֮ū
ֺ俪ţȫƾԼû˿һüѷ죬㲻磬أû֮꣬ͬǿĤԼѷ컹δȫ򿪣Ϊ
ЦУִһ˦ЩǰɢĿƬֱӾߣǰģǵţ
ţ֮ǰҪʵͬһĴţǿգŴŵĳָ֣ûٴ̧˫ֽ˺˫Ŀ¶һɾ֮âǵһֱۣӱĿ
˫ĿһգУȫ٣ڣͷڣһжڣ
Ŀ˲Ϣ˫͵һ˫Ŀ˲䣬һҲ棬ٱԴڣͨٵ
ǵţǿУȴٴα˫̧ۣǰһӣһ֮£ɨȥҳһ򵥣ʿУ誣ӣĿУ˾ͽϡӵ˿ȥ
ǵţȴ˲ŤȻͬҳһһУɢĩϢģǰ
ţȫһһ俪ڴɢһ̣üҪֵѷ죬ȫĻûѷڷ޾ڳֵһ˲䣬ƾǿҲҪȥһ
һɿڵľǿƣֵϣ׵׵ɢ㣬ô˿ȥǿ֮ǿʿ㣬ŽԴѣ֣ˮͳģԴ
Ǳսڣһ־ʹɵɱ¾ԴΣŵĳ֣
һĻţ˺գһӵһĻĻʿһȻ
Ҳ֪˭ȷӦǾֵļ£ֱӶݣһеĽʿȫһɲǣ˷Ӷݣˣ˼򵥵ȥţǲò£ǿ־嵽˼㣡
һ׺ŵ˵ڶԻҲԽܣΣĴΣΣһƣһһӼ䣬űһΣǱĿٱĿǿžȻɢѾЩʿ
ӣͬȻȥΪ˿ȴǳڶѣ֮ţһЩߡ
٣ȻȥЩԴǲãǲã
ԴҲʵ飬׻Ϊʵ֮ȴõģЩñԴѶȸ
Դɱ¾Դƽȴ̺һɾɱ¾仰ƮҡУȴǿգȻһƬɫѩϢƾճ֣˷
ǺĺɫѩƮɢУţȻ֣
ţ֮ǰȫһȻɰ׹ɣһۿȥ⼸Ͳţһ޴ͷ֮ڣӣسֵǰһǿյĲƣ޾ɢǲƵɢǱʿȫһ֮£ֱ˥
нˣⲨУûκβҽУֱӲ϶ΪһƬҼɢ
չţ˵ˣʶߣֻһӣһӣδĿţҲδ˵
⡭ǡӣ׹֮ţĪǾǴ˵еչţɫ԰ףǳֵͷ֮ţ¶޵ĺȻ
˵չļһ֣ļ磬߼ΪÿһųߣûزۣضպΪ𣡡
չţϴ£ڵųߣδ޷˵ĹţǸ֮ļ磬ֵ֮ףӹĹţ¶š


1622 ִ
ֲ֪չţŵĹ죬ȴ˫ĿһʵǰӴ֮ţֵУɱ¾֮âһ
жô죬ֿһֻһĿŶѣǰһȥ̧֮䣬ǿƮɢ޾ɫѩһ֮Уתֱֶ
ɲǼ䣬ֵɢ޾â֣ȫΪѪһ㣬ҫ۵ĺâĿһɱɱǿڣɱ֮£˵ܵЩɢʿһȻ޷Ӷݡ
ɱ¾ԴૣǰһΣֱͬͷ֮ڵĴŶȥ˲Ϣ䣬־ٽ̧ѪɢɹâұֱۣӾŴźȻһȥ
һһ֮£һ޴Ѫɫӡչ֮ϣѪɫӡڣ̺һɱ¾̺ˮɱ¾ɱ¾ȻΪ˱Դһ֣չŵɲǣԹû˻𰧺֮ҪѪɫӡڳȴ޷룬ǵתֱǿŶȥ
֮һɲչȷǲɱ¾Ѫ֮£޾ԹУһ𣬽ǳ˼ѷ죬ȴûб
ûбһɷ֮Ȼֱֶȥ
Ŀһ¶⣬ԽѿԽ˰ȻȤ˿̳Ц˺̧һָգ¶ᶨ֮ɫ
ףȻУأֱǿŶȥ
𣡡ڶ籩ǣ
ӡֿһա
ӡֺ̧ʮһ֡
ٵ˫ĿһգٴУһɺȻ֮ȫǵƣڵںһ֮£ٴǰһȥһգǵţȻһ
Դţһ£ͬ磬ֱţԽԽ֮£ɲǣ־ͺһ£չ֮ϡ
һȭǧ޵
һȭԴɵȫһ
һȭĽԼǿľġ
һȭ֣Ϊܵĺһʽ
֮һ˲ض𶯰˻ģɨǿգĪչţȻһһѷ켱ӣɲǣֱӱ
ǵţ
俪ţؼ䣬ûκֹ֣Ϊܣ
ڴ鿪ɲǣһ֮ǿУȻ֣ڣһɷˮбİ֮˲Ϣ䣬ĳֱӾӿֵڡ
ɿ֮£ȫ֮ڵԴٵںϣϵǹƣȻľʹӿڣ
ӿڣֱӾͳΪ˿ڣ
ǿ֮£ֵ屻ϵںϣԺкһ壬ͻĳּޣӵڶ۷壬׵һ
һǴ֮һֲǷϵΪƿ˵ڶΪ˵ܣ
Ӵ֣֮Ǵܣ
ڵ֮Ժе޾ȫ´ǹΪĸо̥һ㣬ڵ⣬ͬ
޵ĵһʶʿӷ룬ֱ֮ʱ˵һ̥ǣԪ
ʿһڶ̥ǣ޵ţʹûκθĤûκ
һڻһʿʣӴ֮󣬶ڵ˵ûʵƣеģֻԣ
ԴĲںϣױԴԴںһɲǣֵΪӿڣ˿ڣ
ԴٴںϽΪһαﵽ˿ڣ
Դ֮ٱԴȫںϽ룬ֵΪͻ˿ԲΪ˵֮ľУ龳ڵĴܣ
ǴԽԽǿΪһѹ˷˶Ŀһɲǣ˫۵ɱҲ޷أһͺǰĳȥ
ſڣ޷֣˿̿űҪɱָ֣оɱ˶ԷôһӣԼ޿ܽɱչŵĳ֣ͷƤ顣
˿һУ߷Ҳںˣֵĳֽ֮ղպ
ںϱԴɱʱһȫںϺΪǾڣĵ֣
ͬͷģӣѾˣ˿̿жȴҧ֮£˫Ŀͨ죬ȫ޾ֱֳȥ
誣˿Ȼ񣬵ϾǵܣǷ棬ɫ¶ƴͺзĳȥһͷɵѪǣ档
˵ľٶʹӵһβҪȥֹҪȥһ˲䣬һº͵紺һǶ߻ص
޷
ͣȴ̺һɲֹ֮ӵ˽ŲǵĿУǿűڣǿ֮ܣ˴ֱֶȥ
ںԴ֣ǿ֮ȥںϵɱ¾Դٵɲǣֵ̧һָȥ

һָΪʿΪܣǿ֮ںϱԴ֮ʱȻ䣬ǿһ䣬һָ֮£סǿյתסµš
һָָǽε֮ʱµЩûķ˳һָ
һָ֮£Ȼһ޷벽ͬȫƱǣƣ޷ƶ
ΨӻǰУٶȴȻ
ʱֶˣһɱ¾µľɱ˿УֱӾǰ˫Ŀպ֮ʣ̾˲ãã屻סһ˲ָ̧ƣǰһͬʱָһۣȫס
ӡ
ȫһѪӵΪǿڣ֮սڼϵƲδȫתʵܷӳģҲֻп۷壬˿̱ǶȻûл֮
ӡУ̧һ̣ץһõ˭Ҳ˵ʲôһ壬ӾҵĲ˫۹ðɫŤʹ಻
ģһԵ֮һɵ֮ģȻӵıԴ
мãڶ̶̵˲Ϣ䣬λҪ룬ȴǱһƽס
ӡԵޱȣ
ԴͬҲһ֣ΪΪԵ۵ĵԴǹ˿̵֣һͷ׷Ʈݵɫͬ
֣Ǵ


1623 
ԴƿΪΪ޵ףҲɱ㣬ȡ㱾Դӡǧ꣬˳ս˫Ŀ̺أһɺȻ֮Ȼ˳Ŀ⣬ֱĿС
ȫһԺٴѪִһ˦֮£ˣֱ˳ǧ⣬ͣɫĿ¶캧Ȼ
㡭⡭ʲôͨ
˫Ŀպϣٴ֮ʱдһƽ֮һ֣ûкǼΪƽӶУȴͬر֮··һڣҪԪ˺һ
֮УӿѪӼˣɢһ㣬Ӷݶߡ
Դδȫʧȥӡ£ȴǿ۳˴룬Ȼܴͨδţȴ֪ľ£Ҳ֮
ĳ˲ʣΪ۷֮ʱôԷʩչӡҪȡԼıԴҲûô򵥡
ϷǿΪϷ򲻷еźɫû¶㣬ͷҲأߡ
һ˵ʵȴɲǼ䣬һӡӣ͵תһ֮ڶУٶнʹɱ
֮£˶Ϻˡ˫¶âɫȴƽͬʱǰȥ
ϼͺ֮£˫ǰһӣȴ̾һӴѷֱӺѷӿֳ޾֮꣬гȻǿУϼɣϼڣȴģľ޴Ȼ˷
ѹˣѹֻأǿԨӳ֮꣡£˫ǰһָȴõϼֱֺȻ£Ҫǿա
һֵ̣·һ޴УͨûתУԩ꣬˻ŤܣҪקڡ
˿ֵ̣Ͽգǿű֮УȻڣһԶԶȥһĻΪˣȴֵȫУ֮䣬õĵЩɢĿϼ⣬һһ䵹ȥ
ȥ֮ʱֵӱ׵סĴ֮ͨ¡
ɫ̧УһɫûȻһѳǹס͵һ˦
𣬾춯ؼ䣬ǳǹ޾ֱסֶȥ
ԶӶݵӣ˿̽Ųһ٣ɫ¶ܿ͵תĶűס֣ͺ֮зӶݣһ
ɫƽɲǣ˫ĿϣǰһȥٶȲ죬ǰϰٵȻٽ
ɾЩ˲䣬Ҳֵ֪ӳãǵ͸ȻֵڣֱӴ͸ȥ·𲻴һ
죬£ȴûһְֹ벽ȫ⣬Ϊ͸ɢȴڴ͸ٴλûȻ󷽡
һĻ˫ͫ͵
ֲƲ죬ȴ˲ǰ̧𣬸ͲܶԷʩչֱͨǰһ
ӡ
ΪΪһ䣬Ȼƣޣȴɫһ䡣
ĸܵһƣ̺һϢһ£ǿհ˻ڣ·ɲǼû˰ǳΪһƬ
ڱһ˲ܵǿգֱӾͳѷ죬Ȼ֮£޾Ϣֱ
һ˳ʮɣ̧ͷһۿȥ̧ͷһ˲̧ٴһָ

壬̾ٴλͺȫ͵һҪⶨ֮Ҫ̶
ܸᣬʩչ˶ͬʱȻٽǰ̧һָüġ
ף
һֵʳָ·һףⲻףں˽ڽ֮һָͿɱܡ
̫֮һΪϣ˿Ƿˣ˿̵ΪֻǸոտ
һ֮ͬ
һָ£ȫһ𣬵üĴһ˿쿪ת۾ɢȫ֮϶ѪӺȻˡ
˺ɲǣٴһĴָһΰüġ
𣡡
֮£üģ˿֮£һȻɢת֮оȫǳ񣬳꣬ҵȼ
ȫⱻͬʱյʹ࣬ɫŤһѪ
һУûн˫ɱ˸̧ƣȻٴΰĶͷָ֮ݺݵһۣקסΪȭͷ

һɱԴ֮Ȼͱֳ
ĳ֣ͲκηſļƾŶ˿̵֣ͬ
˫̧Ϊؿһһ֮£ǲϵ壬̾ͻഺһӾͱ
ͬʱµһ˲ഺںȻ·Ҫ˺һ
ѪȴǸΪ̫ϣ֮£ȫȻһ𣬾Ȼƿ˶
ڶƿ˲䣬ȫΪֱӾȻȫ
ֻǣɫ糣˶ɲǣʳָǰһָ

ȫٴһ¶
١˫ĿϣһУȫ٣˫һг棬֮ٴαϵһɲǣֵ̧·ݺݵһնȥ
ɱ¾
һֵ絶ɢɱ¾ϳ֮âֱӾʹ£ݺݵն
֮춯أһĲҽУ壬ȻһΪɫҵ
ִ˿̵ıĿУȴĸܵһΪڣһ·˿ֿ̱¶߷ı壡
һεһƬãʿѲҲֻٵ£ſԸܵĳ
֮ĺģ߷ʵҲ壬һ
𣬳֮Ϊ񣬱Ϊ壬ʼնõģ˵壬һ
˿⻯ͼ֮ڳ⣬ܿ£ź󷽼ƮɢҪ뿪
̫Ϊߵģȴɱģ


1624 
ֻǣڽ죬ٱԴ֣
ָû˫ۣģ֮˵ɲǣӸոٽ㿴˺ĺȻͷ˲䣬ֱ˫̧ۣһָüġ
һָ֮£ɶȴһνɫѪҺȻʹüڳһס
סѪҺ˲䣬ֵڣ̾һѹû˹һһɱ֮ʱǿգһ
㹭ûǽɫѪҺ޷ٴʹã⹭ʵڵѪƳ󣬾ȻѪҺںһ𣬰֧ҲͬѪҺڡ
ֻǣѪҺϾֻ֣ҪѪҺ֣Ϳƾڤڤ֮еĸӦȥ㹭ȥʹǾ춯صһ
˹ֵ֣Ϊηأηһʿ
ѹִ˿̣ǿֶΣ
˫ۣŹסңңңָӶݵ͵һҡ
˵һǿղҪ˵Ѿʼ˱Ϊģǿպ߽⡣
𷢳ļУһΣӶݣأת֮¾ʧȸ⡣
ӣͬȻļߣ˺ѷ죬һ˽ȥ
Ȼɢһһߵʿ֮ǰȻɢ֪ȸһĻȴһɲǣĸܵһ
һҪջ飡ֱ˫ۣƽĹϣһ֧ΪԲȦļȻг֣˲ʵΪһļ
˼һֵ֣͵˿ɿɲǣϾ춯أǿ𶯣˾ҵıֻǹ͵صأһ޷ݵĴʹ֧Х
ǿһ֮£ٴαγһޱ޼ʵĺڶУǾ֮£ʹ֧һ޷ݵ֮
һ˿赲
֮УǿճһƬȴӵӣңԶ֮ıƳȻ֮лͷȴһ޴ĻκХɫҰף¶һβȵý磬ͶӰȥһΣǱǰ
һһĵ
˼ɲǼ䣬Ǽٽ췢˫֮ڵѪһǰͷȫıԴ֮
˺磬ȫ֮꣬һ㲻ʣȫóѪҺڣһʮı⣬⣬Ȼʹ壬֮²ϵر֣ת֮£ͳΪһ鿰ǵľ޴顣
ʱһӴǵĺǱͶʱں֮ӣоŨ͵һüģȻͰԼӡ֮Ҫֿһ٣
գһصľ֮£֧͸⺮һɨȥ⺮ӣȫһ֮£ѪֱԪҪӶݣȴͬһ֮£
ⳡսսȥĵһʿ
ڣĽʿһ̣ȴÿһʿȫܵвֱ֧߶ȥȴлβƴӼɢһȦȦ֮£顣
ǱⲨʿһ֮£
򶫲һȺٽʿͻȻľ£׷ɱǰӶݵļʮǼʮʿɫҰףһȻ;ƿһ㡣
ƴˣҵҲڼ磡ӶеһӣвЦ͵תҪͷȥѡԱ
ʱһɲƴǿն͸⼸ʮ˵壬ȴûж˺ǵĿɿڴУȴǼ׷ɱĽʿⲨɨУһĲҽУȫ
ϲʿΪȻﵽ˥٣ЦѹĲ׷ɱǰһ꣬ɫ԰ףѪܡ
һ˲䣬ƻصЦĽʿһ֮£ȻǴһеꡣ
һϣȻݣڸʿռݣЩʿУɱۣȻȥɱ˳ǳأһҽпЦ
мʿץס˴ǸɫŮޣ޳¯ؽⷷ
ʱǲƻصɨⲨƹȥ֮ڣнʿȫǾ֮£һһΪѪ⡣
򱱲ǧʿǧ磬ֱԵҪǰսǧڼ£ȴһһǲһǧ޻ˡ
ͬ飬ͬһĻĻطȫͬʱⲨƺɨ£Ľʿˣ
ƺ֮֮һƬģ֮ٴӰ˫Ŀ¶ֱ֣ǰ
ǰѼڣ˭ɱģ޴˼ˣҲǲܽɱֻǡֻǡΪʲôҪѹ
㵱ͳǹ㷸һĴ󣡣д˹ڽ⣬˭ܽκΣ
սϷ򲻲ˣϷܻ뱾ڣʹȥ־˿УۿҪƺҪƺȱȥص⣬Ȼ⣬Ҳڣ
ֻǣһɲǣɫ䣬͵תǿգǿպһֱ֧ƿǿնٶȣԸ޷ֿܿƣֱӾʹϺХ
һϢ߽⣬ɢ
ɲǣ̫ǳڣһޱУһĲҽУȴƬջһӰӰı塣
һѪļ́ͷ¶ؼɵңңڡ
ȸ⣬˫ۣ֮ɢ֧ҲлڵǽɫѪҺС
̧𣬰ѪҺüģ̧ͷֱϿǻδɢĿС
ĵۣһ˿
ԶǴ˵ΨһûбɱĽʿӲһҲҶֵ̤ڣǿУſ֮
ǿ󡭡Ȼǿ󣡡һƬհףҡ
˿ȸϣǧʿͬһŵһĻĻţ
𡭡Ƿҽһսϣмѣ޵꣬ˣŵһĻչţһ֮Խ𺳡
˾ͽϴЦԶڵ֣¶˷֮ɫ
ҫ֪˭һӶģǧʿȫźǵȸϵֵ̧ͷǿյ˫Ŀ͸һɿϵĺȻ֮
ֻǣֻ֪٣٣Ҫ٣


1625 
ǿڣտ֮ϵ֮£ڵĵɱ¾Դյںϡ
ںϵһ˲䣬ֵΪӿڣֱ˿ڣ
ڴﵽڵɲǣ̧һָǿУУǿ֮۶£ߣ˷٣һ֮֮ڡ
˽ֻߴ֮ȴںź󣬽ſűڵ֮۳һѱԴ֮
ͬˮɱ¾֮һߴСֵĵһԴ۶˵Դ
ڶѽǻԴ̧֮УǿеĴй£֣֮
ѽΪ˽ںһƯǰɢ֮â
İѽ˽ĳ֣𶯣ڰ׶ƣջͬߴĶ̽
ѽΪٽֻǿڵ֮ޣڰİѽɢļͬʱǿվͷһƵĺХٵϢ
˫Ŀһ֪һΣں俪˿źٵ٣ǰУǿһΣ
ȴû˿ľη˫Ŀƽǰһȥ˫쿪ǽҪɢĿ͵һ˺
һ˺֮£𶯣Ŀ֮й
Ŀ֮£ٽȻ۶
ѽΪɱ¾˽ˮ۳ɱ¾۳ֵɲǣУʼ˲תʧ
ɿ֮ΪʿںϱԴʹʿͬǿ԰ѱԴ۳ֲ֪Ӻδ֪ʲô
ȴ֪Ŀ֮ǼΪѵ֮ʿһҲֻܾһΣһʧпܽûٴγֵĻᡣ
ϢĿ޸һ㣬ڱԴ۷ͿԿ
̧ͷУǿнҪɢɲǣȻһָڵĪΪʩչһָ֮£ֿдһƽĵͺȡ

Ϊ˵Ȼ˱ʣֻܶһתһֶס
һֳڣ̾о춯صĺʿУһŭ
ʿŴھη֮ģǵķҲͬˣ䣬ҲֻһˣҶУʩչ
ε֮ǰֲȥε֮˵ƣصأһ飬ͬϣⲻǰһƽȣһڵģ߲ڵģȫûκ
û˾ηеģֻƽˮĿ⡣
һֶ죬Ǿ޴УȻһ٣ⶨǿȴδܣסнɲǣͳҪļ
Ŀ˸Уһȥ͵һӣһɿ͵֮ڣЩɢ޾֮Ӳ
дĺΪңƷŭ·ֵⷬΪ˲֮⣬ȴûʱȥ⣬˸Ŀ̧֮˺ѷ죬ѵó
񳵣ƺˮӵĵһսбֱҲûȫķӡȴˮӴһˡ
˱ǿɼһߣɽ죬ΪԴɹΣ
գе֮£ֽ񳵱ĹȡҪһĿ֮ܲ޸
޸̫ķҪָ
㱻ȡɲǣͻȻǱ޾֮ʱӿǹգأǹɢĹâ
˫һ¶ε˷֮ɫû뵽ԼĲ²⣬Ȼ棬Ŀ֮Ȼ޸
̶̵Ϣ䣬Ŀ֮ǹգأƳ˼룬âͣܡ
ͬʱɵһ̣յĿֱ֮࣬գ֮£ǱĿ֮ȫľ֮ʱǼѷ죬ֱ鿪һֻ߲ʰ쵵ĺɿų򣬴Ӽڷɳ
߲֮۴Ǻ£趯ţ֣Ǽȶĳ͸޾ϲ
գֵͣļһ
ֳЦǺǰֳһĻĻ񳵵ľû뵽ԼĻٿһ죡
֮飡
֮μѣһҪȡ񳵿Իָôһһǻָҽһʽǿͨ˫˷֮ɫŨһӣ̴ӴѷڣɳһһƵƬ
Ƭɢ⣬΢ķ·ʱɢ
ƬֵɲǣµЩĿ֮Ȼ۶Ƭϣϵ޸ţƬ⣬һ̣ҵҫҪȻһ㡣
Ϊܣһڵ֮أǿ֮
ǵӣǹħˣ޲ܵͨºȻѣֵΪͿ˾ˣ֮»ָںִ֮˿Ϊʩչ£ᾪ죡
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ܵƬϵĿ֮䶯ٵĻָɶܵ״ֻǣǿ֮ʱȻˡ
ۿǿ֮ԽԽСۿоҪȫɢ̧һץ֮ѱԴ֮ɳֱչһĳ
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־֮ǿһ㣬ڳ֮˿ԲΨ֣
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ǻ֮ǰֶȻȻˣ˿̣ȴǴϱһĺȻ֮Ϊϣ־
ս֮պĳȻ𣬸ڣɺȻ֮⣬ڵӣͻȻ


1626 ô
ǹ־ӱڳֱֵֶĺȻ֮ײʹɫв԰ףȴûк˰벽վıֱУ
ڴ־ûʵʵĹȴһѹѹ֮£һ鶼Ҫᱻѹı񣬱
ֻǣѹ֣ȴ޷ɹֵĺȻ֮أһΪϣƽȣһ־ֱӶԿ
һɲǣӣȻתһ̰ǹ־
־һջأջ֮ʱҲֹͣת
־أģֵĶߣһɣص
֮ر
ɢͬʱ֮ŻҪ֮йǹڣʹ⻤ƬɲǾͻָ
̧ڴѷһץһóģһ˲ƵĴᦣᦣһó⣬صһ
Ϊʮᦣ
ᦣڶ죬ֳһʮеģֻ֮˿̣ǰĿ֮ʮᦣһɼǿϢ
ʮ޸֮ǿ֮ɢ֮ڡ
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ͼİ֮ǰ俪ĵţչţ
չͬͼڣֵڣۣӡͷ鿴УԶȸϣǧʿɳ˾ͽϵǰҪֻۡɫЩǣʱԶǿգԶԶƺХ˲²⡣
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˾ͽԺҵپۣ٣ƿٺҹ
Ȼ٣Ŀһͣǿգһ˦ֹǰС
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һƬޱ޼УԶǿԽԽǧʿ˺󲻵ʮϢʱ䣬ƺͻ˶һ㡣
һЩʿϱѪɫȻˣת˲֮УǴǿԶϣӰȫǧʿĿС
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ֻһˣ
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ԴԴһԴɳɴܣһ֮󣬴ΪԽֱӴﵽ˿ڡ
Ϊ֧ߣսϹ꣬Ŀ⣬һ˿˵Ĺ졣
չšսϹͷһԼ֣֮ϣȻ䣬һƬģУͬһͼڣͼڣҲһš
ţһȫչţ
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ٺڣȻʿȫռݣϲһǳУʯЩʯдСһʯԼʮɴС
ʯпգ棬˿ϥһµߣ߰׷Բԣɷǣü֮һѪ㣬ѪȫںϣĿģϥл˫ַ̧ۣǰ֮˫¶֮â
֣ڵˡϷĴƣҲҪʼˡһ죬ϷѾ˺ܾúܾáͽɲҪΪʦʧǰ΢΢һЦɫΪݣ·һֱˡ
ʧٶģӣ
򣬰Բֻ֣ӭһ˴ڵڣģһ£˫¶ƽ˫̧֣ͷϿա
Ͽڣ˿תɢγһУ޾ͬһŴڡ
һʣʸ񽵽ңգҼӭߣҲͬҪأ٣̧Ͽ͵һɨ
׽٣֮𣡡


1627 
ֲ֪֮ǰУǷԼһʱһźƵ֮ģǴƽȥؽ١
Ҳ֪Լ֮޾ڣǷͬȥôʲôֻ֪֪һ㣬ǾһΣҪ׵׵ȥԿ٣ȥѹ٣Լȥͷȥͷ٣
һĻٵĶսһĻǹڽڴδй֮¡
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⴩͸˰һȾɫΪ׳۵ͬʱҲһִĿľ
ֿȥ۶ףɴϸһİϢ硣
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ʱ·һͣͣΪ㣬ǻУְ׷Ʈһֻ֣Ǿŵһɫֹ׵Ľ١
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ڰȥͬʱסȭץסʲô
ӡ


1628 
ƿΪΪӡһѷڵĽǼ̳ʱͨһѷǣ£һ졣
ȴǣֱӾͳ˴ѷ죬ȻĩһƬɢգһƬ̡
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ͬʱһսϹ˫¶δй֮âĿڵĹâε¶ŨṴ֮̃ɫ
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1629 һ
ٵ֮٣ǰڣγɵһӰһֱϿѷȥ
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ܣʧܡ
Ѿžã浽׷ʲô顭
֮⣬ǧʿһλǣ˾ͽԽ޷ȥԼҪ˲䣬Ǽž˰ڣͻȻһ춯صľҺ
ΧΨһڵı˿ͨȻһǺ֮Ǵ¡¡Ĵ
ǱڣһƬ֮Уȫǧɫ˿ƣǧ˿ǧͨЩͨϣع鱾Դһٴγ˷˿֣·ӡ
ⱦڣɫâ֣ǹâһɰԵ־ҪԹ⣬Ҫڻ
ٲֵ֪üУһڣѪ
ν٣ֻЩͨôˣ١̫ǧɫ˿Ƶ֣ҡͷ֮ȫ͵һͣüĹǵûת֮תȫʹ壬Ȼ
ʮɡʮɡɡֱɣͬһˣϵЩ˿ıֱһЩֱӺȻ鿪ӳΪɲǣǹϢȻɢеİ˿ȫ
һٴҡͷϷһȥ͵һȭ֮˺һȭϷ֮


1630 
̾ǵͷ­ûͷ­޾Сһ־Ͳģͬʵһ󣬷һ
𶯰Ѱ˷ʹô˿̵ַ·ӵһȥڶɲǣһȭ
һȭ裬ǵͷ­ΪңŤֱ֮ӾԽֵ壬һȭںһγһʽصĵһȭ
֮ԽԽҵĻصɲǼ䣬ֵȭͷ֮¡¡һ͵һ
˺һ˫ۺһͺٴȥ˵ڶȭ
֮죬ǱڲУмϸܵѷȻ
¥Ҳҷִ֣һס˵ȭȭ죬Ǽѷʱ˺ϵ֮£ֱɢոǺһⱦȭ֮£׵ı
ƬŰ˷ɢ˿ڰȥĿǱḶ́ԿƬͬ籩Х֮ɢһĻĻ
ܿǱıڣǽɵ͸֮£һͷ׷ִ֣ݵһ߳
ǿȴûа⣬ȥ٣ͷ
ֱ˱߳ɲǣϿѷڣ֮ٴδͬʱһ֮УȴѷڣƮ˵
˱һεĽɫȦһ֣ѷɢĽ͸ΪĿһѹɢѹ֮ǿԶԶ֮ǰڴɲǣ˰ڣӿ
˾ͽϵˣڸܵѹ˲䣬ʱһ˷һĴ
ɫһ䣬ʶ˺ɣˣ͸˵ˣǧʿ˾ͽڣȫ˺
мʿ˺ѹһ壬ֱӲѪɫ԰ףȴѹش
⡭ʲô˺У˫¶޷֮ɫΪܸܵѹʿǷϢ
⣬ΨһûбⷨϢѹӰģֻһսϹһˣһͷԷ޷Զ˫¶֮âڵĿ⣬һδƿǴѷƮĽɫ⻷֮ϡ
ڣٵĵ˱½Ҳһϧ٣ϧҵ塭սϹҡͷ̾һ漴˫һ
շ˱ôǵĿԾͻֻǡҪշ˱һЩѶȡ
ɫ⻷ϴѹҲͬĸܣ˫Ŀһһ¶˸Ȥ֮ɫ
Ŀ⿴ȥһɲǣɫ⻷ͻȻһ٣ϵѹȻ֮±ΪҵĿ񱩿ѹıʱ䷭ǧʿһٴɫˡ
ͬʱɫ⻷ǿ񱩵ѹйУһֱֶ֮ȥ
ǰ֮ʣɫ⻷ת֮¾ͻɣһ޷ٶȣɲǾͰֵ֣Ͽ͵һסֺ󣬱㼱
˫¶֮â㲻վݵĵȴ˲Ϣ䣬ɫ⻷ʹӰɴСߣγһС͵Ĺ⻷ֱӾֵĶͷܣ͵һڣͬԲηӡ
ԲηӡֶͷƤճİݵͬʱһεĲƴڣ͸Ѫ⣬ֱԪҲͬһĹȦӡԪ
һлûнڷӡԪⲨٴδ룬䱾ΣʶֵĻڣӡ꣡
⣬Ƿ
˫ĿϣɫƽͷһиͲһû˿Ĳһ㣬Ǳŵ˫Ŀڣ˿ȴ˸֮ɫ
֮ȥо˱ĽṹѰҽռΪеֶΣһķԸܡ
Уȥ㣬֮ȥоѰҶȡ˱ķ飬ҲΨֿ˴ݵȥ
ǵ֮ˣε͸̫̫࣬˿˫Ŀպϣһ٣УתﵽһּΪµĳ̶ȡ
ԹʿԴĸǧ޵һĺȻ֮ǣۺһγɵһɿµļ֮
֮£ȥԼѾû壬Լһжɢʣµֻһɫ⻷⻷ɢ޾⣬ʮڵķɣڼٵת֮£ٶ̫죬ʹ⻷·Ϊʵʡ
ÿһģ̺һϢʮڵϢȫͬһȴǼΪǢת֮УԷӡһ˵ԷӡԪڷӡԪ󣬱ӡǣһȫӡ͵ڷһ˵
˱ķӡ֮ΪƣȴҲһЩͬ
һ˵ʵ϶˵ֻ˼һת֮䣬Ϳ͸˺ܶࡣ
˱һƷ֪֮ͨУ٣ȥô˱ϵ¾յȻԶٹһ꣬ǾͿɡ˼٣ƺһЩ¶΢Ц
ʱϿѷڴ֮Խӵڶһ㣬ͬʱһ޴ӰȻͳѷڣӰǧɴС֮ʱһɹϢȻɢ
̤ѷɲǣ¶壬һüа˸ǵڼתɫ˫ȴһƬնûǡ
üĵĹǵ㣬ҲֵĲͬͬʱзӡڡ
ѷ죬ֱ˫۵ֶȥ
֮ѷȴǧӵĹͬʱƤֲڣϸǴ̺ۣĳ֡
ƣѷڣĸ̤һϢʱ䣬ħȻɢħī֮лĸħĸħȻа˸ħǣŲѪЦŹ֮֡
ûнĸħ̤󣬾һХ³ɢħݺ䣬ĸǹ˿һŤǿµӣָףɫƤʹĸĿġ
ĸĸħĸʮǹ壬ڴ˿һɲǣܣٽ
ԽԽ
ֻڱ˫ۣŶͷ⻷ĽṹǼʮڵķÿоһǷĵĽɢ
̶̵ʱڣʮڸľɱֲٿأʧȥ˹âʹǽɫ⻷Ҳ
ƺͲ˿⣬ʮ֮޵ɱ˲Ϣ䣬ٽǰģǵһֵĹ


1631 Զ
ؿһ޴İ̺ۣں֮ǰЩһնƿţǹ񣬾㲻壬ǿҲǼΪ£ˣȴȻƣ˵˺֮˵ǿ

ǹٽֲɣԶǧ˵һȭľ룬ٽɲǣǹһȭֱֺ
һɼǿķ籩Ϻܵ󣬳һ޴֮Ӱ
֮ӰͬһֻȴǴһףһ޾ɱ¾ϢӰڴӰüģȻоŸǵ㣡
ֱǹһ֪ǹ񱳺Ӱ䴫лЧߡ
Ӱһ֤Ź䴫еԴǹ񴫳лЧ֮ˣȻ䱳д׵ľǹ
־ܱ˫ĿһȴǿĲǰǹһȭǿղȭͷٽӲʮɣХɲǣû˫ۣǰһ̧һƾǹȭͷһ
һ֮£ûͣ٣ǰǹһӣصǹ˫Ŀ¶޷֮ɫɲǣȫһȭȻͱһƿ
ƿȭͷƱߴһġ
һһѪӵŵŵźɡ
ʱȻ٣ֱһȭǹȫһǿĳ̶ȼΪֲȭٽɲǣֵü֮У߸ǵ˸ת֮ǣȻ֡
ʱһɲǻʼձ˫Ŀݵǰ߳벽һȭͷһģ֮£ǹȫһȭͷɵ£ߵǰؿڰȥ
ǹȫѪӵ֮Զ
ת˫ȫֱӾץȭͷֻץסС֣ȴͬץסĻ꣬͵һơ
죬ͬʱѪӱԶԶ׳
һ˵ʵȴɲ֮䣬ֱͷǽɫ⻷˿̽һ룬ٵɢһȫʧô⻷͵Ǳֳա
䱻ɣڹ֮󣬻йħħ͸Ѫǳ֣ħ֮ийħͨû
Щͨޱȣǻħγħ֮ļ˻֮飬ĸħԣֱ֡
һѾ޴սǹħĸħеһûһնֻ֣Ǳ˫ۣɫȴ
ͬ壬֣ħȴͬ಻ͬ壬սµɲǣһΣ̧֮һѰǸ֮ϣһ֮£ǹħӾҵһǸͷ֮£ȻħҪɢȴһ֮УȻֱֱŵĿȥ
ת֮¾ͱĿոɸɾ
ħͬʱǰһȥƿ֮٣ħǰؿһָסһץ֮³Ϊȭͷ͵һק
һĲҽУǹħӺȻѪɢһŨĺק˱ŵĿϡ
һĻĻ飬ûħȴʧȥһ˿̴űԵĲѪһеĳһħȻſ͵һ̣ҪС
ͬʱħҲһһԣħͨûźХħֱֺ
˿Ҳٽ
ɫƽ˫ĿʼձţͷϵĹ⻷˿̼ȫֻһ˿⻹ûתħɶɲǣֱһȥ䱳ֱӾײǹħϡ
һǹħ֮ħγɷ籩Ƿ籩Уħȫֵûκͣ٣Ƿ籩߳ɲǣ̧һưһħϣӡٴγ֡
һŹħħִݵһΣ߽һħǰһ·ħͨǰ٣ȴǷ͸һִ͸ǹħ޷ŵɫУֱһưؿڡ
صǹħȫûɢȫıڣɢ
һĻĻ飬ͬûĸٰͣ㣬ǴڼХֱ֡
ûƶӣְڱŵĿһĨֵ̧ɲǣͷĽɫ⻷һ˿Ľ⣬ȻɢһͷסĹȦ׵û˰â
ֵ˫ۣ˿
⣬սϹɫ¶Ķ֣˫۹âԽԽ
˶̵ʱ䣬Ȼշ˴˱ǵĿܣɣɣ
ڸ߲꣬⸮ͬ꣬ʼûҵ֪ںδ
ܱҵսϹ˫۾˸ݺݵսȭͷ
˫ĿһɲǣüУ˲ĽɫѪҺ֣˳ŶͷİȦӣɲǼȫط߶ǹȦٴα˸ΪĽ⡣
ֻһεĽ⣬֣
ǣְ׷޷Զͷϻнɫ⻷ӡ£һѩ˵һ˲䣬һɱ¾֮ɢ
ɱ¾Ϣ£̧һָϿգȻ䣬һ޴Ľɫӡֱӻû
ӡ
ε֮󣬵һʩչȴǱ֮Ҫǿ˿һǿһǾ޴ļռ޾ǿյӡһĸͬʱӲһҽ£ӡµͬʱֱӾͱӡ͸壬
һ˿˿Ŀȫա
ĸΪ񣬱ӦսɳȴĨȥǳΪܡ֮Ϊܸܵĵ¶ˣԼ̧һָ
Ǳĸӡһģ˳ֱָĸȥֱ˫ۣƲԸȥ
ĿɲǣһɢǰǵϷ·¶˽֮ɫ
٣ýˣ̧ͷ˫ۣѷ죬ŲѷȥһУٽѷ죬̤ѷ죬ڵһ˲䣬˫ĿͫȻһ
ȴѷڣһ磬һ޾ǻ谵ģ޴ʯ
ʯһ񡢹ħ
һŨϡȴѷⲻͬ½Ϣ
ֵ·һϣ˿վһ꣬һͷ׷һ£˫Ŀ͸â˫̧֣ͷա
ֵĿ⣬ڿһɲǣ
ӣɫϢȵһУȫһһֱ˴ˣ
㣬˭˫ۻָ糣ڡ


1632 ҽ
ңˡǰ׷¶һ˿ĥ͸΢Цͬ֡
飡ǰһȥӰɲǾһХ𣬲ȥǹİ׷꣬Ƭޱߵ½ǰС
ֻǣǰȥ߳ɵľȴ˫ĿһŲͣǰ̧ǰһġ
һ֮£̾ǰؼһƬƣƵһˮĻһ
̺һŨɢһ֮ͬʱ˷֮д˷ڡ
ǹİ׷꣬ˮĻĤڣǹϣҡͷڡ
֪Ϊ֪ٵıԴôң֪һСþһ֪뷨Ϊң㡣׷ǰһ߳׷Ʈ򣬿һƮݵʡ
㲻ǵһޣûһⱾҽ´ȥҺڴ㣬ܲСǰ꺬Цڡ
˵У׷֮£һʹˮĻһĸĤ˳վʮ⣬֣һָ
ңǲң
˫ۺ˸ûзϻǰһΣӰɲֱǰ׷ȥָ̧ƣ˲ٽ׷ꡣ
ҽ١е˼
ǰ׷ɫ糣ͬȥָƣһһĶһĻ˿ᴥĿľ
ӣɫŵȵȫһһ֮ˣʩչһͨãڣһǺХ֮ԽԽ
ɲǼ䣬˱ٽһ˫ɱһָƣֱӾǰ׷֮һ
һصȻص޾˷ΪһƬ󣬷·ŭһһ㣬߾ޱ޼಻ϵĺ
ĻصУǰ׷˶ȫһڱ˴˲䣬ָͬʱںݺݵһۡ
һɿ͵ķ籩ڶ֮Ȼγɿɢһİ׷һһ̣˵ɫҲȫһ͸ɱ
סĶͬҪȥסƳȭסĹУҪԷıԴһ˵ʵϾ˲Ϣ䡣
ͬʱסȭ͵һקǰ׷һѪ͵һףѪĿûͼڣĿ̺ӡǣٱԴ֮´ҪһոǻһŻ֮С
ٿ֣ͬһѪɫ뱾Դ𶯣ǰ׷˿̵״̬ûаڣͬҲбԴѰ׷ȭס
Ӻˣ˵ŵŵͬʱ˳˰ɣûа
˺У뷨һһȻͬʱѸӡĶԷԴһüģԴֲ֮ǰԴġ
֤ˣ뷨ҵ뷨ͨҵͨҾ㣡Ҫͨ̽Ա˻ã˵ûã׷ĨȥѪֹһЦ
ţȥźˡ˵ţǰһȥӰ糤һ˲ֱ֡
̧һɰХγһƬ̧𣬺֣īһϣͬʱ̧˫֣׷ɲٽ֣˫ͬʱǰһ
ӡ
һǿϢһ̴׷ڱ̺̺飬ץסͬƿԵԵ
ٽ֮£а֣ХֱɶûκΣȴףӡһ֣һ壬٣ӡɡ
ɫ̧ͬһƬܣ£ִ͸ǰ׷һƣȻһ
һͬʱһ𣬸Զ˴壬ֱӽڵϢѪȴûкˣͬʱ̧֣ٴ໥ݺݵײһ
صɫ䣬һǰ׷ѪиԺˣں˵һ˲䣬ȴͬʱͺ
ӡ
ӡ
¡¡ľ£ڴأŵŵŲϵ˺ÿһ£ضһһ˳˰ٲɫ԰ףͣӡ
һƬңӡһӡ֮±ضˡ
ǰ׷ͬ˺ӸײˮĻϣ͸ȥ̤һ񶥣һ̤֮£ǹ̾ѷ׷ֱ
һǵɢ˳֮󣬰׷Ѫɫȴ¶ǹ΢Ц
Σӡӡһͨȫᣡɱңʲôɱң׷ЦԽԽʢոǿЦ
˱ˮĻĤ裬ɫǸĤڵİ׷ֱ꣬ӱ˫ۡ
˫Ŀϵɲǣ׷ɫһ䣬ͬ˫ۡ
ͬʱĿٵٵУĿΪ٣һȫ٣ΨһתĪ⡣
ͬʱסأ磬ǰ׷ȫˣȫõģãģǱ˿͸˱ԴһС
˲Ϣ䣬˫Ȼһɲǣ׷˫Ŀͬʱأ˫ۺһٵУĿΪ棬֮ǰһ٣۵һ̣ٴγΪʵʵתУԿ͸һС
Ŀ˲Ϣ䣬˱˴һͬʱ˫ۡ
һαպϵ˲䣬̧͵һӡ
ٵһмΪ٣֮Ķ鳾ȫɢ
ǰ׷ͬһӣ˵һĻ
˽Ķ٣ɢһУǵһˣΪǿ󣬿ȴͬʱű˴ʩչһڶֻɲǣͬʱӾѣ֮춯أһͬѪӵˡ
ֻ˺־ǿֹסת֮һ֮³ͬĶİ׷ȥ
׷궯һ޶ͬ
ԽԽɲǾǸĤĵһͬʱ֣ͬʱָԷͬʱһ֡

һֳָڣʳָǰ׷ʳָһ𣬶ͬʱһ
񣬲ǶסĲǱ˴˵壬Ԫڵһתصţŵת֮Ҳһɲǣǰ׷˴ȫĶס
ⶨ£˵̾;ֹͬʱŴ£µĹУԺڼܼ㡣
Ӧþˡ
֮ǰһУʵǰ׷һ֮ʱȻģֻ޷ȥ˼ķ˼ԷпܻӦõ


1633 ն
ʶһδε֤УʩչⶨԴס˴ʶס˼˵ǷԼ˼˸Ӧ
һ˲䣬мٵܣһ
ֲȷ˼ʱ䳤ˣԷûпܻãʶֻһɲǾһƬհףû˿ͷת
ڶ˱˴³УҪһ˲ϵĶͬʱɢɢɲǣ˶һûкˣ˫ۺһֱӾͱ˴չ˷Ĺ
صڶ̶̵ʱڣʩչʮȫһͨа׷ˮָ֮Դ
ͨ£϶أص˷ʹƬ谵գʼڲϵغ֮¡
֮Դ֮ԴҲȫʩչյĽȴܾˣѪɫԽή֮ɫ
һ֮£Ӽˣ̶ʱսоΪѣĸܵ˵ԼʱѲĸо
ǹ׷ҲǣǵΪ׷ͬҲǡ
ֻó𾪵ģǰ׷Ȼͬó˷һ̲óκηԷһУԼ
ûõģҾ㣬ɱңǰ׷ͣӣȥѪĴЦ
û˵кɱŨͣٺ˵ӣǰٴγ磬ȥ
ǰ׷¶ͬǰһȥֱ֡
һٴٽ˴ͨһƺٴα˴𿪣ɸһ𿪣־ͻͺһٴγ
ѭһΣΣΡֱʮκ󣬶ԺȻûκͷеֻһɷɱֵ˫Ȼͨ죬ǰ׷˫Ŀͬķ
ɱɱɱɱֵͺ˫Դ޾ȥ
׷ͺͬĻﴫֳͬͬȥ
ɲǼ䣬˵ʮŴһ𣬺֮£˫𶯣ʹöӲУĿҪ
һ˫Ŀֱӱϣȫ֮˫ĿһգһΪ١
ǰ׷ͬһ𣬱˫֮䡣
˫Ŀϵһɲǣȴ˫͵Уûа֮ɫһƬ侲֮ǰһУǷҲȫٵġ
ǰ׷һиӦɫһδ䣬ӵһֶһٺˣ˺Ҫ˫ۡ
ֵȴȻܾãɹǰһȥֱ̧Ӱ˰׷ؿڣһ֮͵һק
ӡ
Դǰ׷귢ĲҽУѪǿ˫ۣ˫Ŀص˲䣬ֵ̺һڰ׷üġ
µɲǣ֮ǰıԴһٴΰ˰׷üģһƣ̺֮
ӡ
ܣǰ׷ɫ԰ףſ˫¶޷֮ɫѪӼҪĲϵغˡ
һжǼʱڷش׷ɲǣ˫Ŀֱӱϣǰ׷ȥ˲˫ۣĿ侲Ŀ¡
Ŀǰ׷У׷𶯣Ȼη֮УԥĲ֪ҪҪ֮˫ۣһϣԷٴ緽һɢԼĸӦ£ô˵һƽ٣
ϣһԷٵΪ棬ͬҲٵش
ôһԥʱ䣬ֵ˫ĿбϣĿɲǣһж٣̧ǰ͵һӡ
ǰ׷귢ĲҽУӼˣȫϣϵѪһȻȾ죬ӺֱˮĻĤȥ
ϣٵ±һƬģʱɢȴǿסҽ֮ġ
ܣܣһҶԸƳļ䣬˼ǰΣûҲ֪ģûҲ֪ģ
㲻ƭң޷ƭңҾ㣬ԡȰԼƭˡƭ
ģƭǰ׷ŭ𣬵ȴٶȸĳˮĻĤֻҪص˸ĤڣͲη֣֪ԷֻҪûɱԼ;Ȼ޷ˮĻһĸĤС
ȷ׷˵֮ǰһУƭԲϵعһʩչԷɵͨͨɲǵʱ䣬ڼһ顣
ܣʵϲص㣬ص㣬˲Ϣ䣬ʩչε֮ε֮ƭԼͬһ㣬֮Լƭ
һδμΪҵĳ˲ϵײ£ֵһжƭ֮УͷһΪһƭԼǰ׷սһ侲ݵԼѰһɱ˵Ļᣡ
ᣬǷŰ׷ΪҪʩչٵԼҲ˫۵һ̣
һж֮ǰֶһɲǱܳҺԥļʵʩճΪĽ
ˣҪȫɱһһûκβı֮٣ΪѣˣҲûа취ڼ̵ʱڽǰ׷壬ɱĳ̶ȣἫΪ̣ԼսĸоܲӦ
ǰ׷꼸˲ǰ˫ͫһŶԷˮĻһĸĤ
һԷĤڣô֮ǰֵֶΣ˽ΪѲ׷˵ֻһΣϵڶΣ
ǰ׷꼱ٺ˵Ӱ˫кâ˸ԷߣˣҪɱ
ûȥʩչֹͨԷͨǶҲ޷ֹãǰ׷ۿҪĤһɲǣһҧ¶֮ɫԥֱ̧֣Ӿͺ֮ϡ
һ£һ֮Ѫģͷܵĸ֮֨ҪϿһͬʱǰ׷ĲҽȻȴŤѪȻһһơ
һĻֵͬһƣһ㡣
ô׵ô죬㡭ǰ׷¶ȻѪˣ˿鿪֮ٶȲɵһ
䲽һɲǣǰ͵һΣȥӰһףǺ侪֮£ֱӾͳ׷֮ǰһײ
һ죬ǰ׷ֱӱķ֮£׵ɢɢֹֽˮĻĤŤ֮Уɢ
ûмǰУվ˫ۣΪת֮ȣƾڵǿΪľ˻ָ֮ٵˡ
Ƭ̺˫ĿȻһǰһȥ̤ǻɢˮĻĤڣֻ̤ˮĻһɲǣֵ͵һ١
ˣ


1634 һ
Զ
ǽڽУڵԶ
ǱĴɽ绹ҪԶڽڳ֮ʱȻڵĵطֻһƺǾԶ
𣬴߳һԶйص飬ȫǴչ
ãĴأĿû˸ĤһƬǻ谵գ籩ھɨ꣬򣬷·Щ籩ʹڣܶʼ֪ƣϲϵĻ
谵ϣȻоŸ̫̲ڣֻ¶ֽŲһٵģŸ籩е̫
Ҳо˫ͫһ֮ǰ½һУգ߹ҡ
˿һοȴ̾˺֮Ĳ²⣡
Ҫô֮ǰ½һ֡㲻ˣҲһ½мĹֳĬĬĬصһУΪԽߣ֪Խ֮࣬еһڸһɴرϵ˺ҪǸйؽڽ⣬йһеء
أǲпᣬһеֹߣһʼ
ǧ޵ε֮ļʹֽգ̤Զ򣬽뵽ʿĿУϵʥأ
һƬһǻ˱ʯǰָĶվǹ򵹣ŭ𣬻ɫһͬǧһ㣬Ƭϣʱ⡣
Ĭãվգ̧ͷӭŴĿĹâ˫ۿǹڸ߿յľŸ̫ǰһȥӰ糤𣬶ʱкХ֮춯ء
Х£ֱеһ̫ȥ
ɲǼ䣬־ٽǹڸ߿գһƬڵĵһ̫֮ԣֵİ׷Ҫ䴵ɢһ㡣
ȴ粻֮ɽƾǷ籩ȴûаӰ죬ò趯İ׷ڸǣĿȴԿڰ׷϶е˫ۣ˿ľâ˸
ǵһ̫ǰֵȣԵüΪСͬһҳ޷֮ȽϣһҳȴǴɢһɾ춯صǿϢϢ£˭˵ǻҳ
Ϣ£˭ԣ
һ̫ҲʸԶԶ
ֿǱʱڸģ̫́ǰһ˦¡¡ľ쾪ȴǾߵɲǼܵ˦֮һ
Щһɢʹһֵ̫ĿС
˫Ŀһǰһӣһ֮£̫Ĺâʱ˼κ󣬾Ȼֵǰչ˱
֮صãڣǵһ̫ڲϵر£޾âֱɢ٣ǰ̫ΧСԶԶȥܻӴޱȣȴ֮ǰ֮
ʲô̫֮ͨ̺һ֮֮ٵĸԵɣ˫˸̧λ裬ÿһλȥ̫ϵС
Ƭ̺һδһ˦̫ڷ֮Ȼ䣬ķ֮£׵ıֵǰ
ֻһŤֵĿ⣬ɾɫϵر仯֮£Ʊӡ̫ڣڣʶʹ֮Уһף
Ǳ̫Уӡľɫϡ䣬ƿ˵Լһʱһص١
ͻɣûƽ׳ֵĵһ飬һ֮٣Ҳг֣ǱĳĳǿĴڣ
У̧Ǳӡľɫһץһץ֮䣬ֱֶɲǼͱһץС
֣ϵŤԶҲֵ֣ǿ󣬳˵꽫Ĵڡ
ץ磬˫Ŀ¶ԥ
ҿԿγ֡Ҳй²⣬ֻǣҵҪҪȥ֪ҪҪȥӡ֤Ǹ²⡭֮˫¶ϣʶȻֱеڣҪ٣˭
ʶһɲǣԺ̾ͺһǰһƬģתꡣ
ģһƬأƬ̺޾߲֮â߲ʹִأʹƬ磬ͬλһ
ܴޱ޼ʡ
߲֮âУһ߲ʵ۵ӣɫ°˫۾񣬸һǿѹɢ
վؾڽ£ﶼҪΪǱ컹Ҫ֮ˣ·ֻҪһͷؾͻǰɫеĹ°̺޾ı䡣
˵˫񣬿̱Ѷһ㡣
ڿ߲ӵһɲǣӣѷǸ񣬼һһȫһˣ
ּǵõ߲ʽˮ֮ʱҲһ߲֮ˣȣ߲֮˸ȫ磬ǹһ㡣
Ҷ˵ɫ֮κ˿Ϊһˡ
ⶴԳһ磬̺컯֣һĶ䡭ܱȲɭɭ޽磬ȴҲ޼Ψϧûڣ޷ܻ飬ȡ𡭡һн֮󽫻ı䣬һ
Ӵ֮󣬱ⶴɳ£ʿʿôͱҪн١һ٣ס߲У̧һӣպ䣬һƿ޶ֱӾͳӵС
֮£Ƭ֮䣬Щٵһγһ֮ס
Ӵ֮㣬ΪϷض֮ףͷ֮ޣ
ɢʶ壬ӺȻһ˫¶֮ɫеȻ硣
Ӧòµૡ
սϹ˵ڸһԭѾʣֻҲԸȥš߰صɢһһеأȴЩˡ
ԭ磬ԭڽ⣬ֻ½һĶ
ԭһУ˵ĿЦԭڽһ˶ޣޡ֮ԳͷޣΪһ֮⣬մ󶼻ȥѡصʲôʶٱҪͷȺˡ
Ҫ߰صһĻ̫̫ࡣұӦͲµܲµֻǲȥһе࡭ֿЦָգЦԽԽ
ԼĿ6̸û־Ȼ˼·ԭһ·ԭ򡭡


1635 
˼˼˼컯Σֽ̤Զܺ俪٣֪ζôһգҲ̤̤½ȥ½ϵЩ֮жǿ
ʲôʸȥȦʲôʸȥΪ֮
ѹһȸ˵Դ޵ļ뿪ȥļ磬Ϊ֮ˣͲ½֮ˣֻⶴڣʿѣ
ѹ˵ļ磬ܸĽ񣬶ȴܣѹ֡ѹ֡
ɢ˿Դ֮߰߳պҲҵҪ½ˣǿ󵽶٣
ҵҪ߳ⶴ̤½һɲǣܷһȷѪܷ꣬½Ĵǣһķӽ£Ц񣬶ڽյһУû⣬һ˲²⣬ֻ룬ԸȥƭԼȥ˼
գˣһΣ֣֮ˣҪĽҪȥһС
ֻ࣬࣬ҪһŲ֮ģֻҪִôҪһֱȥ
ЦУִŶŵڶ̫һȥڶ̫ڣ̺˻٣ٽ֮һȭ
֮ǵڶֱ̫ӱ¶汻߲۷ӡ֮
ûͣ٣һȥٽ̫һǵ̫ڣ̺һѹ֮ѹѹ
俪̫һΣЦ̧һ֮ΪȻһ޴ƣĸ̫
ĸ̫Уİѽİѽɢ콣⽣ֿȥȴǺ⣡
̫У̺ӰЩӰںһ𣬱仯Ī⣬ȴǻٵĸԴڡ
̫УϢֺ俪֮ɷϢһ𣬲ֱ˴ˡ
߸̫Уɢ֮Ļǵ߸̫ڣӡ֮꣬ǲٿʹߵֶΡ
ڰ˸̫УָܵڱҽٵϢϢٱã˺ѷ塣
俪˸̫ԶĺһصϣԶԶиƻײ˴أʹõϵЩҲϵز
һָͲ⣬Ŀ⣬˵ھŸ̫ϣھŸ̫ڣ̺֮δ
ܣȴ̫в˼ΪϤϢϢУģĽģĸĸһ֮ˡ
վǵھŸ̫ԣƽĬб˫ۣվãҲ֪¹ȥ˶٣ֱ˫ۣĿ֮ɫ
ھŸ̫ھŸ٣ΪٱԴڰ˹ǽڽ⣬һھŸ٣ͬһܸ٣ⶴڵ֮ˣм¼
ǵھŸ̫˫¶âҪȥ٣ΪҲмֿܻףһٵ٣ôؾͻ֮УأϾȻɣ߲Զ
ĬУ̧հǵھŸ̫ϣʶȻ˳뿪壬һη籩ɨ֮£ȫھŸ̫ڡ
£ֵʶϵش͸УȫĽ뵽ھŸ̫ھڲһƬ磬ֵʶɨУ˺ܶܶࡣ
˵һʿһӣ˺ܶδףЩˣŹϵѾ˺ܾúܾá
ھس֮ʱֱգһֻͬأͬڸıһУһЩֵĲƽԵΪ˶֡
˵ھŸ̫ڣľνˣ
ֵʶϵ£֪ȥ˶ãҵԼǹ˵ϢϢΪŨޱ޼ʵĻУǴĿ
ԼϢֳĬˣֱã˾ģʶǰһɢֱסǹԼϢ֮ʶС
Ϣںϵһɲǣֵʶ̾оҵı仯ǵھŸ̫ıĿ壬ǾҵĲ
У··Ӵ֮־ͿԼˣؼ䣬κһȥıֵˣ
٣ҲУ߲ӣҲУ
·һֲ̣ԲûԼˣ˳ȥ˵׷֮⣬ȫԼˣߣȴǼûС
޳֮ޣֻһʵͬеϣŪ޷ӳ֮⡣
ֱҲУʬҲҪƻӵĵطõİϢȥֻһְϢҲ˵ƿء
УԹдţڷ˵˼УĿ־壬ʶ˵Ȫһ˵֮
һУȴ޲˵Ƕ˵Ŀ־ֻõĴ𰸣ȴ޷ѳ
Ϊˣʵȴˣֻ֣һ죬һ̣˻Ϊ֮ˣ
ûԼˣȴûջʶʶھŸ̫ڣϵѰңѰһϤѣˣˣҪǵˣҲȫûأ
ЩУѾȥ˺ܶ࣬־Ҳ޷˵Ĺ򣡣
ⲻϵѰУҵĸףҵĸףᱯģǸĸˣϢȴһϢУ
ĸ֮飬ƽģܰģһˣҲҪ˴һִš
ʶİסĸսϢһεѰҵʮҵ˴ͷҵҵ˪ҵء
ҵӣҵ˺ɼӣҵ׿ҵ˶жʥʣҵ˶졭
ҵ˸ˣҵԼĺƽҵ㣬һݷǵȡߣǲٱңԼһӽԺ󣬳ѳ
ҵ˺ҵľüҵӷҵһУģĺա
ٻ÷
ֻǣⲻϵѰУҲˮҲ˾ͽϣҲͼҹʧٵӣ˵ˣȴͬʧһûа㼣
Ҳģһ˵ΪҪһˣˣİˣǸĸ֮󣬶˵൱һŮˡ
ŮӣĽ
ƾѰңʼҲĽϢ·Ϣƾʧһָܣˮ˾ͽ˵ʧһˮ˾ͽ˵ˣ·ͲֹھŸ̫ڡ
Ľдڵļ󣬿ȴڲ֪ʱǰһȡˡ


1636 ˵Ĳ
ǵھŸ̫ڲϵȥѰңֻգҵ˺ܶ˵Ϣ޷ҵˮ˾ͽͬģҲûҵǸ˵ҪŮˡ
ֱʶӵھڹ壬˫ۣĿһãô˿̵֣·ڡ
˾ͽˮˣΪʲôѵǣôã
ٺ߲ʽУˮ߲ʵˣˮһ߲ʵ˵ĿעӣĿ⣬ʱգҲĿ
Ŀ⣬ԽˮΪβھŸ̫Сֻ˾ͽҶ˾ͽ˽ܶ࣬ʾˣΪÿһᱩĪһУ˲ھеĴ𰸣ֳĬ·ĴأĺץסһЩͷЩӵͷȴǱһڸǣ޷˼
ӣ˴ӿʼұĥ͸ЩʲôؼֻԼ֪Ϊﵽ˿ڣӣȻЩɵ˵ܣܶ࣬˿£ֿǰɢĿâĵھŸ̫н¶â
Ϣ˾ͽˮ˲ͬкۼ˵䱾ӦôڵģѰҲ˭Ϣȡߣ
кԽԽŨ󼸺â¶̧ͷŻ谵գĿ֮һƬɱ
ֻһƽŮӣ˱ᱻ˹עȴȡߣ˭ȡߣԶԣضȡأ˽˸ı䣬ôأ½Ҳض統ټ֮һѪϴ
ֵۣϢȡߣͬǴؿڳһľʹʹ֮£ֻ
һˣ˽Խ֪࣬Խ࣬׵Խ࣬ôͻԽʹ࣬˿̵֣ˣѡѡ֪һУΪ˶ȹһԼ
£Ȼ֪ˣȻˣôû·˱ȡߣ֪ȥҪһأԼһ֮⣬ˣĽѵĵһ
һУڿھڵ˺Ȼ׹ȥģڸĽҪĽѡ
еɱɫԵھŸ̫һۣת·һȥ
һ֮вıХϵɳڸء
ȥûκ飬еֻһڵ֮䣬ϵһӡ
һ֣ں֮ǰĳһδս£һͬˣ̺ͬۿݣµĺۼ
ĺХֻܴ̺۵ȴɢǵͨµϢ
һϣվ׷紵ɢɫ֮зʶֵ˫Ŀƽ֮ͷһµĵ
ĹȻֻȴһڣʹʱѹΪʧȥ˴ڵĿܣΪνʹߡ
֮壬ȴΪⶴɱɺޣҡͷҽ·һ㣬Ծɲǣڴ֮ȴһѷҽ̳֣ܼ֮ӣ˲䣬ͽŵȫ֡
һҵĺ¡¡֮£ֱӱķѻʯɢһء
鳾ȻȻսͲҪвд湶֮ģսҵ֮ˣõĹޣִһ˦ǰһȥ֮أǵǹ񡢹ħȫУһһ
ҽղȣպѣ䣬Ϊܡ̧̾ǰһģһһħ̮ΪƬɢ
Ź֮ĲϱһħϢЩĵд˿һƮɢγһģӰ
ЩӰǰӣܴӰϿǵƣ˿Щ֮壬ڻûɫãܿһУɬһݣӰŤ˿תֱֵ֣֮ںһ
ǰȥһ·֮أеȫǺ֮ıȭƽѵӰԶԶһĿĵͬʱһıһӰ͸
ûٿ˵Ĭһȥк֮飬Ӱһ֮ͣϢüģĿĿǵڡ
عǵĺ£ʵıǱϵش߻ͬ૵˵һ¡
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãֵǰһԼǧɵľ޴üڣоŸǵ㣬ܵھǻģȴȻ˳ΣĹ񣬺Ȼ޵Ľӽ˾۷塣
վ̧ȭȭͷֻӳһ룬ɫ̺ʹ벻ʣһ壬Ϊ˵
ϣһ׼򵥵ףֻǾףҲΪ˵һ֡
һ·ǵĹվǰԸܵ˹ľ֮ǻһȭͷ·Ժ俪أɱʿ
˫ۣ͸ĲģֻҪһۣ·ͿǴӵڴǰһŭ
վǰֳĬ죬ȭһ֮ŵȻһӣϢ䣬ǵȫ̳ѷ죬ѷ֮²ϵӣ˵ȫһҵĺ£忪ʼΧı
˲䣬üģŸǵӳɻεĵڣȴͻȻһмת
תǵüͬڻһ㣬һ˻̴ھ촫˫ĿһʵгֵһɲǣĿȥ
ֻһֻɿݵ֣ճҺǵüڣ˳һɭϢȻɢ˷
ϢȫǴɿݵɢֻ֣ƴ̺ϣâ˸
Ǽ˻ԽӾңǸɿݵԱߺݺһץҪһ˻֮ԽƬ̣;춯ء
꾪ɵĳ˯˵壬그ԺδҪҪڵҲҪȫᣡ壬֮֮塭ꡭ
룡û˵꣬дϣǰһȥ̧һһץסǸɿݵ֣˫Ŀһ͵һק
ʹ࣬ұˣҹһͺһק֮һɴǵһױһĸӰһקŴغݺݵһ˦ȥ
һһ϶𣬵ֱӱҳһӣǰһԾֱڣ
л˾ͺãɻޣļ䣬ĳҪˡ


1637 
һӰһ磬ֱҳĵУת֮£Ӱٽӣʱһŭں
һֵͬģһɽâǽâɫ⣬ԵòǾ˿̴˸һɾĳ
·з籩ȫ˳֮ڼٵйٽ֮ʱɰɫĹâһ̣Хֳ·Ҫͬһʶɢ伣һ
֣ðҪм޾ķŭǽɫâ˸УһݵӰֱӾʹڳӰģֻܿһƬһİĿ
һΪƿ˿ţ٣˿Ȼǿ龳ڣˣ֮ҲĶ֡
ǸӰһɲǣǰһȥ̧𣬺ǰһץһץ֮£ɫ䣬˲Ϣ䱻һץ֮Ť·Уһع򶼽ʧȥתĹ켣Ҫֵ⡣
ǸӰҪƾηû˿ãһȻļУݵӱһץ˲ϡ
ݺݵһ֮£ӰȫҪһ㣬ȴֻѪûб
һӰȥòһߣòҲûʲô֮˵УҲֻ̺˲ӵѪˣӿΪļȴо档
½֮ޣȻҶ˶֣㻹ſɣĪҪΪΪͿΪΪˣɱǸ߼ȣһɸ߰ɫȻں֮ǰҲκȳν½֮ޡ
ɫ糣ߵĻȴ˫ۺһһۺֱ̧һףű׳һưȥ
һ֮£غɫ䣬ȴһ޴ӡϻû֮֮󣬾춯صĴӵպȥ
ӣҪգҪպһǸɫ䣬¶޷֮ɫĲҽоҪ㣬˲ϢǾ޴ӡͺٽߵһ
Ѫȫ飬һ֮±ΪѪɢһ֣˿̻ЩͷļԼǴδս֮ˣѡһǰĹڽ˴ȻӽתŲԼѡ˵Ĺ屻˻𣬷ŭ֮ѵһ۾ϳֲˣⶴڵϡ
ˣΪٱ֮һ⴦ãв˳ɱ֮йߡǻָٹ̵ͷʶŭѡ˯֮ǰһȴɱйŭֻûȳ֣ͱԷһһѹͨһץסݺݵˤڵϡ
һˤ֮£߾ʹѣûѹǸӷŭֱס˲ӣһƺ䱬ۣſ־ѹŷ֣ǰˣп޲ݵ½ϣЩһ
ޣ½ޣ͸һɲ֮ɫһ֮мٺˡ
ɫ糣һ˦һȥһ֮¾ֱӳǸߵֱ̧ȥ
һ߲ҽѪٴˣһģɫ԰˫ľ֮ɫ
ܣ٣Ϊ˷ֹ޳֣ڣ䲻еޣܳ飡
Ī˵½ϵܶڣҲδ˵½޳ɵߣ⡭
߲ȥѪЦ͵ת˫Ŀ¶֮ɫˣȻھбֶΣǺ֮ʱǳս֮ˣǳսдûߣ
˫УҧһɢѪѪһɲǣ˫ĿȻһ̧𣬲ŲæΪݵһָ

ȫֱһǿѪǰ׵ı̶˰գ壬һ˲䣬ʧȥһתصתҲһɲǣȫͣ
߱Ͼˣڱסһ˲䣬Ժôһ˲봫𺳡
˵Ĵͨôѧᣬ˭ڸ
˼ͣ˶£ɫƽߵǰϺȻı飬̧֣顣
׷ʲô


1638 ӡ
£ΪʶˮһֱӺߵ֮ڣһĺХʶԼһѪ
ߵʱ֮ɫŤƳ޷ʹ࣬ʹѪڶ¾ҵĲ
Ƭ̣ʹϵĶɢʹߵʹ࣬һĲҽС
ҪѳֵƿأƾֵּӲɽĿס飬ʹûаߡ
ҵ˻ʹȫ£˫¶֮ɫ沿һƬҰס
㷸֮߱㲻úʿɣѪɱңնн٣
ϻ٣ɫƽֺݺݵһۣʶٴΰĳڣʶУҪȡȫ䡣
ʶ߼ڵͬʱԶڴλã޴֮
һƬ·ˣ˿̣һɳƵһڻص
ȸΪҲֻδ̫ԲȻҪȥʿɵļ䣡ʿɾܲҵȣ߱ѪССϺųĶ
ɵٶǴٵھ̫ڳԼˣָҲǲ˼飬ˣ׻˳ǻ㣬Ϊ½֮ޣһôһУһڣ˲ɣ
ңҲδزҵ˼ӡߵں˲ſе컯ССɱ˻ָеʿҲ⣬Ҷ϶ҪȥƿķӡѰ·֮ǰЦ
ˣαȸҲȷԲһЩӡ֮£ļƻǷӰ죿һڣ
ͲҼƻ֮ˣܵһҲЩ⡭ĬãȸĶ
Ӳһһ޵ߣϧ½ޣ½Ӷȥѻ꣬ķӡҵҲ޷ƿ㣬Ǿͻϧϧˡһڣ˵ĸ͸ź
˵ɢ¹ƽȸҲа̾ʶ֣֪ԷͬΪƿӡ
ǸߵʶڣʶȻԳһ磬ΧܵķγһƬŨŨֵֹʶ̽롣
ֲǵһŮӼʱҲһ飬Ůʶڣֹ߲ʵ֮ˡ
ߵʶڣһοŨʶһ٣һǸʶ⣬ʶֵۣӰû
һĻǹ죬Զãڣֱ˫ְۣǲϲҽеĸ顣
ڲֵʶۻԪ񣬳ߵʶ⣬òһֵԪͬһ£ӵһͷ׷
վǰƬ̺һ˵ѹ·һӡӡڴˣֹһѻ֮
ŮķӡҲķӡ˼֮ɣȫˡ
ĿһнâΪ㣬Ůʶ˲Ϊԭ⣬һԭǿȥƿܳɲɣŮɼ˺
ߣ򲻻а֮ģ߾޳ޣȴﲻû֪һнڽֻһֲ֣ɱ
£ȻһУⶴԼµˣֵһ˵ĺޣ
ĽϢʧ٣ֵĺޣﵽ۷塣
УڸߵʶڣһȥӰǣھĺ֮˲ٽ̧ǰ͵һӣȴƾճ֣籩ֱ
ܷƿת֮£ֵǰھһȱڡȱγɵһ˲䣬һڣӰʧС
УּǰУһ·ǰзֿ·γһֵͨǰУ
̤һɲǣͻȻ֮䣬ǰڣֱӾ߲֮âȻ˸߲֮âڵڼΪۣγɴĿ֮â˫۲ɵ
Ŀ⿴ȥֻһƬϡı߲֮â͸ڣϥһӡ
ӱ˫ۣϥȫ߲֮⣬һѹʹǰ޷̤벽
߲ӣٺ߲ʽ֮ˣѷڣ߲ʵ
ֵڶοԷĬƬ̣¶⣬ǰ˼һȥ̧֮£ߵʶʱ䣬ȴһ޴ӡȻͳֵǰһȥӡֱӴ͸ֱϥӶȥ
ӣһӡһֹκѰ˵ķӡ
޴ӡǺ˲ٽϥǰȻڴ͸ȴڴ͸һɲǣӡϢһĻΪ죬ϸĿӡûȫԷڶԷ⣬߽⡣
˫Ŀһӡͬʱ̧һָǰ̱һ˳ָ˳Хٽһֿĺϸͬ⣬
ֶӣһ˦һȥǰ̧˫ָɽ֮üĹǵתĹ֮˫ָʹô˿˫ָԺ俪أԺһǡ
˫ָں¡¡ľ£ԽԽ˲Ϣٽ硣
ڽ޵һɲ˫¶⣬Լ˫ָһ޷ķʽٵıֱûʹ࣬ȴĿ߽⡣
˲䣬֮ص˫ָ߽С룬֮ؾͬһޣһٶҪɢһա
ǿ룬ôûӣֵ֣ȫɢӰ٣˫Ŀһ͵һק
˺󼸲ɫƽһϥĿӣֿ˿ûκ˿ڣȴʧȥС˫ָ
ùૣڹ֮ת˫ָ˫ָѪ䶯³һء
Уԥһ£ӰķӡڣҪøߵļ䣬Ǽѣûпܡ


1639 
ֻҪһĴۣں۵ĸǷֵá
ߵļ䣬ǷֲϧһȥõĬУԺڸ˺ܶ໭棬лȫһУƬػɵһĻĻֱյĻ涨˷ţȷˣԼڵأֻһ֮ʱ
֪һеԵɣⶴ࣡Ŀ¶ϣ˫ۣƬ̺͵ü߸ǵ㼱תۣĿڵĹħǵͬʱתջһƬǹӿȫ
ǹ񡢹ħ֮ڼٵĳ⣬ʹֵԪʼʵһŤ
ģ󣬺ȻһõĹǹ࣬ħӰûҲ࣬Ӱ֡
֮壬һͬһʱ
Ŵ˿Ԫڣ֮ںХߣӰ棬һ޴ĵͷ­
ǵͷ­ǵأֵ֮Ԫٵ
ûȫͿͱֲϵѹۣʹ崫Ϻ֮֮ѹ£屣ԭĴСڲȴ̺˹ľ֮
£ֵָ֮ﵽһּΪµĳ̶ȣǲ㣬УĻָ֮Ҳ޷ͨޣ
ͺУְȫĹ֮ͳͳһָ֮ϣֵʳָһɢһʶԶϢ
Ϣ£һָԳ֮Ϊָ
ε֮У˱Դͨ⣬иĵʽ岻ָ
岻ֵָŴУ֮ȫӵмΪǿĹͬʱҲ̺˺ȻĻָ֮
ֳָֻܱ֮֮Ϊ֣ԵָٶȣνĲָֻ֮ﵽһ۷壬һл޷ָֹ˵εĻ𣬶첻ָֻ֮ⲻ֣
ֵΪл޷ȫ˲ֻԼһָﵽָ
岻ָڸ˲һֽŹ֮ɵĴ֮ͨ
ҪҪȫǹ֮Чȴ˿˲壡
һֶָϥڲԶӣ⻷Ƶ߲֮â˫¶⣬ǰһȥֲʳָüģݺݵһȥ
һָƻʵȴǿ磬ɲǾٽ磬ڽ֮صһ˲䣬ֵָ̱һּΪµٶȷ߽⡣
ǻ֮ǰһ߽⽫ǲתûκûκʿԽ֮ڡ
˿ֵָ̣ȴڼٵı߽УĻָţָֻٶȣǱ֮мΪԣĿֵָɢ߽ͬʱ۶
ľ룬̺̣ܶܶɶ˵ȴǼΪǲϵرУмٵĻָѭ޾ֵԽ磬Ǳĳ̶ȾԽӵľҡ
˲Ϣ䣬ʮǧεıͬģⲻָĻָҲʮǧεۡ
⣬ǲָ
ָֻٶȣȻ޷ͨݣ⼸ǲôؼĹ֮Խ룬ǱԽӿֲֵָȫ磬ü֮ʱĳ̶Ȼ޷ݡ
ֱֵָָ֮ڲϵؼ֮£׵ĳ˱ٶȣһָȫ۳Σȥǿµı߽֮һָݺݵĵϥŵüϡ
һ춯أʶĺ֮һһԻǿյֵָüģͬʱȻı
ϣ𶯰˷֮£ԪڵƬֱӾȻܼپһһɢ֮һͬɢģߵʶʶǣȫʹߵ壬·ױʹڲУͬ
ϥɢ߲֮âӣһǿ£Ťɢ
ɢһȭͷСĵɫᾧʶڣϸгһϸܵѷ죬ۿҪ
ᾧǸһļ䣬Ƿӡ̫ԵֹѰ䣬ɢὫӡ֮˵ļѰ޷á
ƿνǼ侫ϧֲ֣ӵǹ岻ָⲻ֮ӡһʽ֮
ؼʱֺ̣ԥʳָűеļᾧһָȥ

һֶ֮ǽҪļᾧһ٣һٵɲǣԪǰһֱǼᾧһ֮Ԫ߽ʶص˴Զ֮ڡ
Ԫλ˲䣬˫ִǲҽеĸ̧˳˺ɲǣ߲ҽдﵽ˼£֮´ڲʼ˱ڲʶʶɱԪ񣬷˺Ѫ⣬ֱӱ
Ǿĺ£ߵķѣһƬѪɢͬʱһɼǿĳŰ˷Ȼȥ
ĳǰЩûбֻһֱӷ飬мڴڵڳ˯ˣҲ»û˫ۣڳ˯
ɳֵ֮Ĺ岻Ѫ֮ײڻ߲ʵӵķӡ֮У˴˶Կ֮γɵĻ֮ء
Ȼһ˲䣬Զ޴ĵڣ̾а׻޷뺧Ȼ
⡭⡭ⲻܣôģƿӡǷӡ֮ԻһʣͲκ˺һͨǰ߽⣡
ôƿķӡ۷֮ʱһ֣Ҳƿĵڣһ׷ֱ̽ӣһ𺳡
ͬ𾪵ģˡ
ķӡδ˵ƿ½ҪƿҲΪѣϾԴͨߵںĵӱصռֶΣ
ֻ½ޣȻƿһڣ߳¶Ȼ벻ţʶ̽飬ģ
ӲҵҪıƻƿӡȻ侪ͨͨ½ϣҲԾ죡ڣ߳һߣԶ˿
ȸû˵ǰأɫ仯
֮Ǹߵıǳ֮ͬʱ˺ɫ糣̧ͷɨǰԶ¶Ц
ܿͬģҲ͸ܵĸ˵Ĵڣ


1640 ߵ
ջĿ⣬ֲָǰΣÿһεɢһЩʳָ͵ǰһնڲϵر£Ľһٵĳ֮˺һȱڣʹֵ壬ȱһ
ɨ֮£Դ˵ΪģԲʱΪһƬ档ϣֱ֮ɢڶУֻʣԶ֮ңң
վڰգͷһ۳Ϊ˷ĴأԶԶһͬڸǴأʹõҳû
İ׷Ʈ򣬵ɫȴǼΪƽ¶Ϊڴܣһʦķˡ
̧һ֮£ֵгһϸѷĵɫᾧᾧ̺Ǹһļ䡣
ֻ䣬ƾʶȴ޷鿴ֵΪٸһЩҲͬ޷ᾧڿһļ䡣
˵ļ䣬ҪѪ֮ſȥһƣһڤڤ֮еƣǹ壬Ҳ޷
˵һֲϵĲͬͬϼõ˴ļ䣬ȴûȥȻü֮У˲ĽɫѪҺѪҺ̺Ѫ֮侫ĳ̶ȼ½ҲǼΪ
ѪҺڣҪȥ䣬ͬ飡üһƬ֮£ǵνɫѪҺûżᾧİüģ˫ۡ
˫Ŀϵһɲǣ˷·뵽һõڣˣ
һƬİĴ½Ƭ½Ϊ㷺ǼˣһҲûߵƬ½ľͷʵ߳Զ൱ڽһ𣬿Ĵ½Ƚϣȴǲ֮һ
Ƭ½ϣΪҫ۵ģϸ߹ҵľŸ̫ǾŸ̫߸ϣɢ޾âƬ޾ء
ߵļ䣬ڿŸ̫һ˲䣬ǼڣѰҵһƬ½õĴ˵
˵½ľŸ̫Ǿ칬˾Ÿ½ϵĴ𣬼ߵˣ߲ʵ֮ˣҲûдﵽ̶ȡ
УǼޣһ죬½˵ʮ̫٣
ߣƬ·ϣɳһɣɵ֣ߵڣ
ߵڵһԵ¶ˣһ߲ʵ֮ˣƬ½ϣ֮Ϊ߲
ΪĪ⣬ɣͽߵھεΣȴ¶һһ⣬Ƭڣӵ˼ߵ
µţˣճΪ߲İʿ֮ɣΪߵڵǿߣ
ȸ䡢׻Ĵս֮£ߵмߵȨ鵤ҩá
ֱһ졭
ߵļڣһҹߵĿ֮âŹâĳ֣һɼҲҪѹأְ˷
ѹ£ԭҹвֵ̫ȴȻĳ
ͻȻںҹе̫â޾߲УһĻļ伫Ϊ̣˴ţ뵽̫ݡ
޾Ŀ־֮УһѪĺͺ֮£ֱӾͻԹȥ
ǰһ˲߲ܵ¶˳ߵڣֱңԶ֮ǹâ˸ֵ̫ĵط
ֱպ߲ѹ֮ʱɬķΪȻڵ˼ºߵһ˻ɫ˫ȴǼΪ
߲󣬾ڲΪûлǴӣĴս뵽䶴ڣ׷ӡӡϧó˼˴δķӡⶴ
Ϊǽᾧϸѷԭ˶ϲ㣬˺ͱֻмƬһļƬδڡ
ֻǣȴһƬڣһŮӣŮɫŮ֮һ
ŮӣϤڿһ̣֮£ӣŮӣִռڣǺ߲ʵŮʬ
һƬڣֿ߲ҲǽڽͳƵԶɻʣԶ߲ʵ֮ˣ
ڶڣӡ˳ں󣬱ȥⶴв֪æµʲôЩĴսܲ⣬֮˸ѯǸѰұչ֮ĬĬصȴٻ
ֱһ죬⴫һ˵ɡ
߲ʵԼĵ¶ȥǻĪ컯֮ҶˣŵҪҪˣЩʲôıƣ
߼Ϊİȴ̺һɼΪǿѹʹǼˣһ˫ɫأһ仰ȴǼȻ
įˣƫ˵ıƣǲǹƣһ֪
ڵįĸ֣ˣ׹Ź𣬵į֮պգ
飬ǼĶϲ㣬ûпģһƬ
ǸƬڣһҵĴսһƬģ֮Ϳⳡս֮˭ֻܿǰĴսΧˣ
ģһƬĿôҲⳡսƳ˺ܾãֱ֮£еһŨĽ´Ц߳һȥɨǰߵ֮ˣֱһʯڶȥ
ˣСС߲߻ǽ֮ЦصֶУȴһ
ٽʯŵ˲䣬ʯڴһ䣬ȫ
͵˫ְۣüĵǼᾧױһƬĩһɢ
ӵʶ봢ռ䣬ɳ˯ǻɵЦ
ĬУɫ֪飬Ϊ⿪ڶɻ󣬵ͬģҲ˸ã
į֪ӵ٣֮ǰҲһЩ²⡭ټ֮ǰŮ˵Ų򿪣Īţ˵ķ֮š
һսĽʧȥǣԶΪ˷棬ߵڲ֮˷׷ױչء
ⶴˣߵڵ߲ҲͬˡֻһǷ࣬࣬ô֮νҲпܣ桭ʲô
һеһôʲôԺδ
üͷĿ˸
е֪ģⳡս֮ĳһ꣬һʿ˽⣬޾ǵķ֮һ
Ⱥˣ˭ָоԼƿһصɴյĴ𰸣ǰ飬ѾԽԽˡ


1641 ˲
߲˱չأٺ߲ʽǸ߲ʵˣ˭üģȥ˼Щҵ˼ǿһǰԶ򣬺ԶԶĵطĹϢڡ
ʵĹϢԶһܵˣ֮˻ٵһ⣬һԭǾȥһĵϢڣһϤ֮ˡ
ҲȻһЩ飬ҪȥǸϤ֮ˣһνף
ǰһȥԶ
һ·ۣһ˦Хз籩ֱЩΧ⣬дĹ֮ȥ
صЩһһûͣ٣ǰУŴصһ̮һЩ˵Ĳˣ׷׼ٵĻû󼱼ȥ
ת֮䣬ֵԶ߰˸˵Ӱ۳֣һȫɢ⣬˫Ŀ¶ŭңңĶ֣ȴû˿˵
ֿһۣЩ˻ǿ󣬿ȴְȤ뵽ļѣҲͷѻ꣬ǰЩԶԶĸ
˸֣ôֲɱɣʵҲûɱһ㣬ЩˣǰдĿܡ
ǰУֵǰ޴ĵĸ񼸺ߣԶԶһ֮ͬɽ
棬һƬ޾Ĺ֮߼ʡ
޴ĵüУһڻתĿһɨĸڣܵĹɼΪԵϢ
ĹϢֶ֮һΪϤϢȸ
Ϣȸ֮棬һ統ڵ֮ڣһȸĸо
ȸ˫Ŀһ֮صȸϢһڴȸϢһһֳĬУȻϢڣȻһڷ
߲ȸսһֹͣŲƮڰգؿڣƽ˷
վһɺȻ֮٣·֮Ҫ¡
ֻصһƬžǸŹ߰˸ˣ˿Ҳ׷ͣ٣俴
ÿСޣһ·壬ɱ˼ԶˣΪȸᣬΪȻǴϷ׻ȸѵ㣡ƼžĸһüĵڣֱӾ߳һ۵ߣƣһɲɣϢ߳
һ֮¾뿪˵УɲǾֱֶ֮죬ǰ˺ХХͬһͷͻͺ
Ŀ⿴ȥУһ֮ߵľ޴ӰӰӣȻһͷɫľ޻
޻˫Ŀ¶׹⣬ɢһصѹʹ¶һɿڵǿΪ
ɫ糣Ŀٵϣסǰ͵һȥɲǾߵӰһ죬ĺ֮ܣص𶯡
һΪҵĺ£ǰ׷һ٣˺¶ļɵ
һΣȴû˺󣬶ƽߣڡ
ȫָһսµ㣬ҵĶ֣һһɱˣ
ᣬû纮̹ǣû̺ɱֻƽ˵һʵǰ׷߶У߳ĬղŶ˵һֻ̽ȴߵ˾ҵ𶯣мɵ
Էһ仰ȴ޷˿ҧ֮£Ҫ
һɲǣƽĿһɨߵ˫۶һ֮£׷ٴκ̧ĽŲʶ˻ȥ
ֵĿԽƽߵѹԽ
Ҳɱ㣬ԶҿҲû˿ֻ֮һȺзϵ½֮ޣⶴԳˣƿǿе½ϣʵǿЦ
Уֺγһ
ɫΪΪλ֪˵ļ䣬һҡҡ֪ԭЦķӡΪ˽⣬ⶴ˿ƿӡ
ôҲû뵽־ȻĴӡʿɵļ䣬֪й顣
׻սļɵڣΪ£ߵУȻ˵Ŀ־塣
ȸҡֲȥǰ׻ߣǰĿǰҲڶüϣüĴУڡ
һοڣȲҪɱѻ꣡˵꣬վƽա
һεѹɢܣγһƣ


1642 Хɽ
ǰ׻¶⣬ֵ̬Ӧ˵Ĺؼ꣬˵Ĺ£Ϊ˲κ֮ʶ˿ܷӳģֻпڵĳ̶ȡ
ΪΪɱԷ
ŵһƣȴǹ׻һЩ͸ֵʵ
ټƿķӡ׻޷ɵ֮⡣ɶ꣬Ϊֵļ仰ʹ߰ϣҲ˺
ˣȥǿҲֻ½ްˣޣԽƽ׻߱Խڸܵѹͬʱŭ⡣
ŭĲ֣ԼȻ˿־壬޷ԼȻ־һ½ϣ
ͺһ׻˫̾аâ¶â̺һɼΪԵϢϢеĹͨԴǰ׻
ͺ£׻ǰݺݵһֱ֣һָ£ȿڡ
ΣܽϷʽͨʸҵ̸䣬ͬԶ϶Ű˷صƻЩ£·𲢷һͬʱŭ
һ춯أγһɼΪǿĳأ
һʽХɽӣ˫ǰһӣȻ֮ߵİ׻Ӱٳû׻Ϊ䣬֮һ˫Ŀͬаâ˸Ķ֣ſڣֱӾͷһ춯ص֮
䣬գʹԶ죬ҪһƬһľɨ֮£۲ڣ·˺ѷ졣
غڵķԼĹأһɲǾҵ𶯣Хʹôڲг˱ļǴط·һӾͬˣкصһѷֱ˺޾֮
ԶԶһصӾͬ˺һ̺ۣĿġ
ǻ֮һ˲ȫȡصһܻ£һγһԱʿľǿ֮
ѷ£Ȼ˳У·̮һŤõƬɨǵأʹؼΪһƬڰ
ΨһʣµģֻһԽԽҵĻ֮ڷԽԽ
˫վ֮䣬Ϸ߽⣬Ľ´رȫǰ׻֮У棬ͷҪ俪
ǹ˿һ컢֮£ǿڵΪҲû֮Ԫ񣬸Ҫܵش
⻢̺һѹѹ˿ֿ֮ȥ⻢ȻԽһĴڣﵽһĳ̶ȣ
Զⶴĺ֮أǻڽ߽ǿգôһ֮£ǿնҪǶҪʿҪһ֮
ֵ壬Уûк˰벽ɫƽֱӱ˫ۣ˫Ŀһգһж١
٣˼٣ٱԴΪǼ٣ô壬Ԫ˼һһУΪȫǼ٣
ٱԴһ֮ԴһĶ
Ŀһ˲䣬ֵͷԭ紵ң˿ȴ·ǷɢˣͷǿмΪɢڼϡ
֮ǰҲԭھҵĴ򣬷֮ɴʱͬƽû˰㴵֮⡣
·ǰȻ޷磡
ʵϣǿĺХȴǱ֮ŻҪǿǻ֮Ǳ֮Ҫǿֹ
صıյ߽ӣֵȴ˿δɫеƽ绢УԵüΪأ룡
ǰ׻ߵͺǰһȥӰ磬ֱ֡
ɲǣӾٽǰ̧֮£ȴһƬ⼱˸׻ߵУȻͻһѽɫĿ֮
˵ɳǰ׻ߵٽӵ˲䣬ӱȻֵ̧飬һºݺݵһնȥ
һն֮£Хңɫ䣬޾һֱӾ˱Ŀ飬û˿ֱӾʹֵͷ͸ֱն£
һ֮ǿֵ֮壬ֵȴû˿˺ۣһնֻһӰѣ
ٱԴٱԴģµߵȻ鱾Դĵǵˣѳߵ򣬴˾лȥ֮Դ
ǰ׻¶𾪣ȴģֻſ֮ɲǼնǧΣĺХ֮նһĹâ˸УֵӰãƾǵδնɫûа仯
㣬նûУǰ׻п֮һɨɲǣ˫ۣƽ˵һ仰
һ仰ڣ߲˼Ӽˣ˺˲䣬ǰһȥӰһΣֱӾͳߵǰָ̧ƣؿһġ
һ·ûκɱˣµһ̣ǰ׻ȴɫ䣬һΣ˲Ϣ⿴һƣһͷľ
⡭ǡҪٴκԶֵƣȴˣֵºƽ˫ĿȻһָںݺݵؿסȭĹ͵һק
һѪӷߵķݣˣһק֮£ȴһɰâĴڱֵ֮С
ԴȻ֮Դ
Ŀ˺İ׻ߣ߻в໢ХУֲδ׷һеİââɲǣ׻ٴһѪ˸졣
ԻХӭĳȻҲҪ񣡡˫ĿһüһģȻüĹǵûĿĿǵͬʱ֣ʱǵͷ­Ȼ
ǵͷ­ܣ֮Ӱƣռȫأڳֵһ˲䣬ſڣһͺ
ǵͷ­Ҳͬſ˴ڣͬǹ֮壬񡢹ħӰҲһɲǣǰ
ֱӾͽǻХȫѹסγһ޷ݵ֮֮ǰֱӺȥ
ǰ׻߱͸壬ڰһģɫ԰˫Ǿ޴İ׻һ֮£ɲٽںһԶԶһȻߣֻܿһͷӴޱȵİ׻ؼ䣬ǵ֮ŭ£ˡ


1643 ﻢ
ǰȥٽǵͷ­ĺ죬֮ܣʹôٴαվ֮£ǺΪصǿ
£𣬳ԽֱֵӾٽӴİ׻
˵ĳǰ׻ȫŤҪļ󣬵ȴڼֻ֣˺ٶȣȴǸΪִ
һͷͻӵϣȣ磬ǰУ̧ǰ͵һָһָ֮£ǵͷ­ֵ壬ǰ׻ɶȥ
ԶԶһһĻԴȴǱƱһΪ룬һĵͷ­һӴľ׻
ȻһǰУһˣ˴˼ľȴǼټ٣˲Ϣ䣬ǵͷ­ٽ˰׻ſĴУǰ׻ɡ
֮𣬵ͷ­ǰ׻ײһԶĳشΧıĸ֮Ҳвֱӱ
ɳصҪԶһ
£ǰ׻Ӵֱӱ׹ɢڣǰ׷Ѫֱӵһײ˵ɽһľ޴ϡ
֮ȴǵײ£ѷ죬ȫʱԱ鿪ӡ
ͬģֵҲȥɫв԰ף˫۵ĺȴƽԽŨ
һսûʩչ㹭µǿһսսĲʿǽܣԶʱھʹڵĴս֮һ׻ս
׻սԪƾãڽڽ⣬ص½ˣˣ
Ѫڣ̺Ӳ˵ԶԶĳ֣
䵱̫أûȫָҪһսӼѣ֮ȥ˫ǷƾУ
˺Уͷ­ǹ֮Ӱ׻ĳͬ˺ǹ֮Ӱֱӱֻʣ˵ͷ­֮лɢ
ֵΪǿڣǼͨȥսʿǶԷΪ˿ڣ֮˹ó֮һ֮춯أ
׻ߵӰ˵ĵڣ˿ɫ˫¶ļɵɵȴǰ׻ս½߲֮Ĵս֮һ
սǾ˵궴֮䣬߰ϣһ½֮սʤԼ
֮ޣ˿־壬־壬ȴǱǿѹ£
׻֮ǿ֮ľ֮׻У֮׻һ
ˣ֮ﻢ£׻˫Եһںֱ֮ӷɳ˰֮˫ۻ裬֮һͷ׷ɢң˫Ŀ¶׹⣬˫Ȼһָ
һָ֮Уɢڵİ׻޾׹⣬ɲ³֣Ϊģһ޷ݵٶȣȻ۹ȥ
˲Ϣ䣬ֵ£Ȼ޾â»ͷ׻ԶԶһֵӷվǰ׻ϡ
һŨѹֱӾʹ׻ϱʹܵնʱͷӡһѹϵۣջһ޴ķӡ
ӡȫѹϣΣȴǿĸܣɫأɷӡѹܵһأʹ壬Ƴ̶֮УҲ
֮ڴӡ֮ȫǴµ׻ɢʹ޷뿪ʱţǷӡѹԽǿһ˫˫δְסֵ壬ʹϵ°׻ӽʹ壬ȫվǰ׻ϣ޷뿪㡣
ǰ׻ȫëԶԶһͬɫľ趯Ӹ̾Ŀ׹ɢڣ˸
Щͬӡǣڴĳ֮󣬷·Ӵİ׻Ϊһŵķӡǰ׻ڵķԽԽ࣬˲Ϣ䣬׻ӾȻı䣬һ޴İɫС
ڣ޾ĻƣХ죬кתȥУԶϸȥȴǿģĿʲôУӴİ׻²ϵسɻαܣٶ̫죬ʶγһ޴С
еˣټǷӡ֮ʹָ޷߳ͬﻢһ޷ͻ롣
ǰ׻սͨﻢ£ͨҲǷӡ
׻𣬴֮ѹڶ֮£ѹ½ߵɽ֮£׻ɫ˫ۻУ䴫
֣ȴڣ̾һĻХ֣һͷԼʮɴСͻֱӾʹڷɳ
׻ǰ׻֮飬ͬʿԪһ
ڳУϵŤӱϸȴǸŨ֮׻ֱֶȥɣһŤĲֵ⣬ſȥӣҪص·ڡ
һߣô־ͻᱻѹⶴڽ·ѹ
׻ߵͨһδͨ磬½ɫ屻ǰ׻ƣǻҪɲǣֱ̧һѾͰ˻֮С
һﻢ£ĳ㲻⻢Ȼѡѹôҿ׻ѹңǱ壡ɱһûʩչκͨ˫Ŀһգٴ֮ʱȫϢʱһ䣬һɵƣںȻ
һ̣ʿǴ壡ص֪һֻһ֪һĴ壡
ɴ֮£νһУĿƽ͸һɺȻ֮ͷԼϣԼְסڲĻ飬һۿȥȫĻȻֱӾǻѹ
ͷ飬˿Ҳͨƽľһͷ֮
ңֻڣ˫Ŀ͵һǻ飬ɫŭǹɴĺȻ֮ض£ܻһֻССϻ
ǲĻֱһ˫ۺȻ¶һ˿־֮ɫڣһɵ˼˼·һδεֻ½س׻棬ڵϣĤݵһĻĻ
֪Ϊλ˼ȴ˼£ܵһĿ־壡
ֵĻﴫأǻѹѹ̺֮һĸ̺֮Դ̺֮
ǻһǰ׷ߵĲ֮Уɿֵ壬ͷֵ¡


1644 
ǻͷһݺһΣֱӳ·ڣںһжʱɢ»ͷӴİ׻
׻ǰһ壬ֵȥԶգͷһۣͲǰ׷ߣһ֮£»޾âɢӳصİ׹⣬ɢԶڡ
ⲻܣǰ׷ɫ԰ף¶־޷֮ɫ
رǰ׻ɢİ׹֣ǰ׷ߵĺȻ֮صɲǣɽһ޴ĵڣһüУһӰֱһ
֣һХ죬ȴӰһӴ̾ͬʱһµߣȻʹ˸֣һɫĳֱ֡
֮죬磬յʱҲǰ׻ɢ׹Ŀ˲䣬ɲǣɫ߾ٽ̧֣ʳָɫдһɱֱüһָȥ
ָӴХһΣԸٶ׷ߣ壬һָ֮ڣֱ֡
ԶԶһһĻͬ棬ǻеߵָ⣬޾֮Ӱ·仭˺ۼٽʧһȫĳΪһֱüĵ
һ̫죬ת֮ٽֲߣ
ͬʱһüҲһµһ߳߳ɲǣһȴһͷ޴䣬֮꣬˻졣
źߵĳ֣ͬӰ磬һֱ֣֮죬߲ǰһȭ
Ӱ˻Ťںһһȭȥȭͷϣ̻ụ̂
սս˾һ̣ͬʱѡ֣Խ͵Ϯķʽֱֶ
Ĵս˴϶꣬ȻϬĳ̶ȣ˳ֵ˲䣬ǰ׻սȥѪһζûа׻Ӱ֮ȴǿ֮˿˫յһԾ𣬵ͺ֮·ڵķݺݵһնȥ
Ψȸսûг֣Ϊ˵һԽֺɱ
һжǵʯ䣬ɲǼսٽ˫ĿһһΣ֮˲ϢȫͬΣµĻ벻ʣһգΣĸо˵ȻϰߣԽָоԽ侲
Ҳȷûа֮еĲɷͬʱ֣Σ
ֳЦ̧ʳֱָӾսָȥڰȥĹУ֮Ťĵͷ­˲Ϣһָںһ
ͬʱüĹǵ㣬ĿڵĹħǵȫ˸ת֮֮ȻӿʳָڣγֵԴǿһʽͨ
岻ָ
һָ߲ķӡƿɣ
һָɫ䣬ƵսɫƽȻһ䣬ָֻһϢֵĲָһ
֮һɲǾǾҵԺ˫ָͷһ˲䣬սһѪ޾֮ӰһֱӺȻıսӵŵŵ˺ֱ˳˰ɿ⣬ǿͣ˫¶Ȼ
岻ֵָ̺֮ǿһ᳹ױڱвϵػָָǿ󣬵ҲֵָֻͷٴζѣԶԶӡ
ٴεĻ޷ֵĲָհܵģֻս
ֵҲܣָֻͷ壬սײ£ͬѪں·Ťһ𣬴ʹ
ʹȴǱǿѹ£˫͸ɱڱս͵תü̺֮˲ĽɫѪҺ˲ûĴս־Ľ⣬Ŀ̺һɼΪѪ֮
͵Ϯս˿ȫı֣ǽһɨսҪһ㣬ֱӾðĲҽ뺧Ȼ֮Ĵ
üĵǵνɫѪҺֱӷɳȻٽ䣬ֱӴȭͷϴ͸䴩͸սӰȻ˾ʹ˻
սѪٺˣȫƣȭһƬѪģںУ¶־塣
ѪȻѪⲻܣѪ֮ľ⡭⡭˲壡
˺ǽɫѪҺɻأֵüġ
һָһѪ˱䣬ΣûнϿգ˵İ׻սУһնĿ֮
ǵâĿżХ֮٣ۿҪµɲǣ͵̧ͷѹӿֵķѪ̧ٵĿ֮һưȥ
һ֮£ɫ籩ڶ𣬻֮ذ˷ǻһʱֵڻһͬСĻӡֱ׻ս֮
ۣȻٴλһӡǻ֮ƺ
ûн
֮ƺԴ۶һŻ֮γɵӡ
Դ٣ڰ׶ƣΪĸӡ
ٱԴ֣ʵ֮תʹõӡ˲Ϣۣ
һɾ˵ɱ¾ϢںȻ˵ӡӡһԶԶһ·ǲӰһ㣬һХ£ֱ׻սĿ֮
֮һ̣ضγһɷ籩Уǰ׻սеĿ֮͵һֱӱ֮ӡֱӾǰ׻սؿڡ
׻սҽȫѪйӵսһһһҷס˵İ׻ս
˺˷ӡͷűԴҪɱ׻սɫήңɫҰף˫۵׹ȴǸΪŨһƿ䣬һͷ׷ɢң
ȫϢü̾һɫķĻû
䣬Ҵ򿪷ӡҵΪ˻ָΪܱޱˣҪɱʲôʸҵˣֻ½ϣ
ɫ糣ͬҲƣ֮ǰֵһҲЩܲסֶμ࣬һ֮¾㲻Ҳˡ
˿̿ǰ׻ķ̧һץ֮̾нĴĿȴǽ£һ͸޾Ĺ֣
ùסң͵һק˵һ죬ǹҾͱȫһѹϵļĻû˹֮ϣ
⹭һ˲ϢֱӼžǰ׻սҲŭҲҪ˺ӡ˴Ĺɫ䣬¶βסľ֡
սͬһ£ʶ˺¶δйĿ־塣
֮
ͬȻģսȫĺձѹס˿ɫв԰ףڿ⹭һ˲䣬ȴֱӾͲҰһƬ
ѣĪҪŭ뿴Ϸıϣһ̸ΡžУĸһɽĵüڣ߳һ۵ӰɫΣһȭ


1645 
ҲҪĴսȥ֮ڸܵĴսϢ󣬲ΪɱˣΪһνס
ֻԷͱˣ˷֮ǰĳ֡
˿̼ȸ֣Ŀһֻ£һƬɢ˫֮ڣܴ˹ɢȥҪ˲Ϣ»ûҲĴսٴ͵Ϯ
߳ȸһȭƽĿȥȸͬһߣǵ֮صһȸΪơ
ѳƺأ֣һȸֻڣɫݡ
۵ȸߣ¶֮ɫ֣Ĭ
ĳһ²⣬ǰǵ֮ءкιƽ˵
֮أϷ𣬵ǳսĴսΨϷѱ棬ģϷֻ¸̫ԶѾû˱԰ңҲԿͬҡ
ҶڱĲٿأѾûУֻ˼Ӧ֪һ֮£ȴ޷ıͷ뷨
ƣҪص磬ϷҪѰ𡭡ȸҡͷһ̾
֮ΪλУǰ׻¶ļɵͻȻڡ
ĳ˽£㲻֪ɨ˰׻սһۣĿٴȸϡ
ǰ׻ս沿һ飬ȴûٿ˵Щʲô
֮صĳԲȥƽϣˣҪȸǰһνסֻﲻ죬һһ˵
Զ˵߲Ķ֮˵˵ߵڵӣνˣԶ֮ޡ
ЩˣĳϧһУȸǰΪмɰգ֮ʱȫɱʹԶΪ򡣡ֻƽû̺ɱ뺮⣬˵֮ȴĴս׷üͷһ塣
ǻûó㹭֮ǰ֣Ĵսڴ˻᲻ţ֮ǰ㹭ȴһεѹ֮С
ĹΪ½պ֮ļǿ˹ôʩչ㼴㲻֪Ӻδõǵ˲ѪҺԴѪҺÿһѪҺ֮㲻ˣ޷Ѫ֮£˵Ĳȸս֣Ŀ¶⡣
˵أֻ֮񣬼ĵطһûв´뿪ⶴͨӦñ׷˿Դ򿪣Ҵ飬Զǿĵطֻڡ
ҿסֵĿĴսɨңңĿԶ
ڽԶһ̣ʶĴսĴڣܵԶϡһڴϢǿ
ʲôףʼûпڵ۵սڳĬúɳƵ˵һ仰
ҲһжǶ֮Ҳӵʲôļƻֻ֪ڽڣ½̫ǳ֮޴Χ֣֮ԶԿ㹭Ҳ޷һ֮ȫʿ
ǽԶˣҪ߳ɱ⣬׵ĽһзĿһƽڡ
ҲԶ򡭡ҲһߵˣҵƲأ֮Щûд߳ΪԶ򾡹ܷѳ֣ȴмϵǴԶ֮߳Ҳͬ߳ʱڵĽڽսΪңпܣⶴ𣡡ȸĬƬ̣ڡ
Զִ߲һ˦˵
˻һĴս׷˫Ŀһ뿴֡
֮ǰڸ½˺ҵȣԿ⸮֣ҵͳһ˷ҪдһԵֿ꣬ΪҵȻʱ䡣ޣ½֮˳֣ƾ½ʿ֮Ѵ򿪡
Ҳ֪ǷѾȥ˾ʮ꣬ʣ꣬ҵ˵Ҫʱ̣һҵƽȫָս̿ڡ
˵뷨ûһνףҲ߳ԶͬһսѰ
ֻ½ֻ֮ϣǾ߳Ҳ˿ȥڽ֮սڻ˶飬ǲں
ֻҪҵֻҪΪָ˻·ܾǣ꣬һɡ
£ҵǿӲֶΣԻԶ򣬺ɱ֮еΪҪЮĽףȴˣòؿ
ʱ䣬ĳΪȡڣȵˣƽֳڡ
ĴսĬִӦȥԶ򣬴ӦΪػʱ䣬ֻԽͱȻͼıԽһʱ֮Щֵ뷨
ⳡףҪʲôȸ֣
Ҫ֮ˣ
Ҫ֮ޣ߳һ̣ûһ
Ҫҵǵ߲󣬳ŵҴнڴڵ飬ɣǲҪⶴ֮Уȥգ
һҪһн֮Ҫȥ½½ϣҪԴ˵ţ̧üһģʶֳһ˿лһ˿Ư
ͬ⣬ͳʶģзڣɢͬ⣬ĳȡ㹭Զ𣡡ֻǿӲĴս˿ɵĿܡ
˳Ĭ˴˿˼ۣԥ˵ЩҪ޷ϾϣǵĸҪ󣬸Ϊѡ
Ҹһʱ䣡תһȥǧϣϥ£˫ۡ
ȥյĽۣʵֻһĿģĿģ˼ڣЩߵ߳Щȡʱ䣬˽ڽսоȥѰԶ
صкܶ²⣬ֻûȷ֤ݣ޷ȷ߲ʽֵ߲ʵˣʲôϵ
սϹݣһţţֱָԶ
˿ȥĴս˺ܶĶߣΪص㣬ڽ⡭ԵΪصһȺˣڽڡ
߲ʵˣȻǽ֮ףսϹǽ֮ˡεսҪ˴ӡ֤ʲô˴ڹͬѰʲôֻҪѰңҪһЩǳֶΣ˱һδεĴս
Ҳ²ȷȷˣôǵʲôôֳ
һУĴսԼЩߵ߳󣬽᳹׵˺ɴһбѾˣôһЩУһԴﵽǸĿģ


1646 ˾ͽһ
һִĴսԼ˳Զĵطȥˡ
Զֻ·ɿǽǳȥҪͨٲѷ죬ѷ죬ԶķӡѪ½֮ˣѴѷ֮߳統ͳһͳѷ졣
棬ӣؼһ
ԶǰֶصĽṹкܶ²⣬˿֮߳ʱȻ˺̤ܶ࣬ѷ죬ѷ뿪ֱȫʧӰ̾
ǿգǿյһУ˵ã·𲻴һ
ڽڽֻһ𶴸ʵ޷ȥ˵˵ˣҲ˻ţˣҲֻ
ƬǿգֳĬ
ȸ⣬ٵɢǰ˾ͽϵڵǧʿȴɵȴֵĻ
ڿֵӰǿյɲǣ󻶺֮Ȼȴǧʿһ˫¶֮ɫϵغֵ֣ŷ֡
ָ֣ӳĬã
𡭡һҲֻ£ǽ֮ˣ½ӵѪڣΪ˰Ϊ˲֣Ϊ𡭡ظ֮ˣڵУڽ֮ʶ֮һЩɡ
ףվһˡ
ֶ֮У·ԶԶһ֮󣬶ڷֺ֣ã
ĳĬǧʿĺɢ˵Ŀⶼϣһ
ǰһףֵ˿ɬǣǣˣֻһڣ죬죬ĵأҲĴء
һδսʵֻڱеһϷͨ׷ĵ·Ҳٵġ
һжǼٵģһжǲʵġ
ʵģΨѪΨʹ࣬Ψһ߾ߺǡ
ֻǣôȥ˵ûа취ȥ˵ǧȵĵѣȥ˵ǲпʵȥ˵ǲ̵ࡣ
һֺ̣Ȼ뵽߰ڵɢˣһ˲䣬ɢ˹ǵľ
ֻɢҪҸΪΪԼѾأ˳
ֵĳĬеã˾ͽϲɫ¶ɻֵѷʲôΪνʱĺɣڳʱȴ˵ԡ
˾ͽоôһΡһΡĬĬǰţ˾ͽϵߣеãƣڡ
У˾ͽûѯʣǵ˵ͷ
Ҫұһ
ȸϣһɽ˾ͽˣ죬ĬĬغžơ
ûǧʿ˿ȸϸϥɣڵȣִɽִǣȥ죬ȥ֮Σȥػڣ
˾ͽΪʲôšһһڣžƣ˫۵ãࡣ
Ϊ˴Ϣһ˾ͽĬƬ̣оƺִ˿̵ӣüͷһ䡣
ѷ죬ʲô
ҡͷ¶ɬ֮Цƺٴκһڡ
ǵǰҲһô˾ͽϣ¶׷䡣
ǴƣҴã֮УҲ޵Ҳ֪޵Ϊʲô޵޵ûп֡еֻƣһδεΣɱ˺ܶˣɱ˺ܶ࡭ֺžƣЦ
һƣҺ˵ҲҲףƾʲôȥ׷޵һΪ˳ôĳΣߵȥŰ˻ɢѱ˫ۣؼֻʣһĮģ
һƣӣǳˣΣǳô˾ͽ޵ңǳôһڰоƺľȫ£Աһס
޵֮ˣɲնȸʱ㻹Ϊ˵᲻øĸ᲻֮飬㲻ȥնҾشġ
ȻնϣȻȥնȻʹ࣬ҲͰˣûǧ޵Уߵĳ̶ȣߵ۷壬ŻãŻȥʲôǳ
ûгȥνĳΪԼĸãԼĸǿԼң˿ң
̵ΪǶԸԲŻȥ׷׷ӾͲţֲ㣡
㿴ʲôӣȥѷ죬׿ʲô˵˾ͽͬƣݺݵˤһԣִȡ
۷塭ûߵ۷壬ߵ۷ΣҶףǲһǣҴͲ޵Ϊ˸ĸΪ˸ĸĿ⣬Ϊǲʧҧȥɣ
ɽأŪˣΪ˸ĸ޵ȴΪ˵¸ĸĸԴ˺޵Ϊ˸ҳΪħɱټţѪɺӣ
֮ãҿŴţ󣬿ĸĸȥһҲ֪ҸЩʲôҲ֪ҵĵ·
ֱҿʼΪ˸޵
ҪǿҪȥҲûǰȥҪأҳΪ˷ڽڵһδսء
һУҪģǣҲΪɻᷳ޵ֿ˾ͽϣһƺݺݵغ˰Ǿˮ£Ⱦʪ
㣡˾ͽ֣ĿеãôҲ˵ڣ̾һƾơ
ȻԸ˵ѷ쿴ʲôӲв
˳Ĭһһڱ˴˺žƣֱԶգ˰ױߣϼ˳֮ò
ѷ죬Զ򡭡ڡ
˾ͽһ㶣͵վӣ̧ͷգĿҪƿĻȥǿȻɢֵѷ졣
Զ򣡣ȻǴ˵еԶ򣡣ˣ㿴ô˾ͽϵ¶𾪡
ˣɱһˣ¶ɬһھơ
˾ͽ֣֮գգۣЦ
ȻأԸɱ˺ʹȥĪ˵ļ䣿
ֳĬ¶ӣٴκȿľƣһԣ̧ͷ˾ͽϡ
˵ļ䣬֪һйؽڽ⣬һдڵܡ
˾ͽ˵ҲãҲãһȫٵģʵڣҲɻõġô
˵ҲãҲգʶһеѣǳɳ磬ֻһô
˵ν޵޵ȫǱ˹涨ģô
˵Ǵڵ磬ֻһһԶĶ˵俪ٳһռ磬ô
˵ʲô˾ͽеľƺʶɿ۵һ˵ϡ


1647 
ֿЦȫ˾ͽϣϵľƺһڡ
Ҵ˵ļڣ֪顭Ӧ֪ɣңһԶ
̫ǳڵǼǸص߲ʵˡ
ЩˣһĴ½½ҪȽڽ򱶲ֹǵļ磬ڵֻ½ϣһΪߵڣ߲һ
ǿ죬Ƕ죬ǿĵأǶĵءνĽڽ⣬ʵֻڸ⸮ˡ
Щôڸ㣬޵ĵҲģΪⶴڣʶŻ֮鵮ݻŻҶ˵ĳ֡
Щ㻹ô
ûǵûôⶴͲֻ֣һ
֪һУ᲻ã᲻ȥʣ˻ţΪʲôԼĴڣΪʲôϢ
٣ǱģⶴڣȻҲģ٣Ϊľɱһͼı滮·Ĵڡ
ʲôޣޡͬУֲһƬׯڣһж滮úǻһЩĲ⣬Ὣı䣬»ص켣С
ֻǣƬׯڣµţһЩǿӲݣܿ죬ҪƿεĹ滮޷ıģҪģޣ
ٵãǺɱЩӲݣǲңһӲݡֻӲݣٻˣ
һ٣ȡԼˣ֪صܡһУȻˣҾ͸㣬㣬ô
˾ͽϳĬɫãȻ֮ĬĬ£һһںžƣһ仰û˵вţҲš
ǻκһˣʦô˵˾ͽţһ̫˼޷κȥѡš
˵ⷬˣ֣˾ͽϵֵܣ˽֣ǿֳֵĻܲţ
һжһôսʲô˾ͽʶ̧ͷգУһɿ־塣
ٿ־壬˿̣ǺȻĻ񣬺Ŀ־־ģһ棬ôԼʲôԼĿ֣Ŀô
ԼֻһϷӣںıۣ֮ĴעӣڲͬԼڿʱеѣЩ桭
ڽսв²⣬ֻǻûȫףһ֣ҽսһУֳĬƬ̣ڡ
˾ͽϿЦͷľƺ
ǿ죬Ҫ֪ĺʲôΪǿգΪѾǾͷˣȴû뵽ǿյĺ棬Ƕ⡭֣˵棬ôô룬Ӧ˴ˡ
ֺžƣû⣬Ǿ֮ʱ˼ڹȥǧУϵػطš
޵̣һ̣Ϊ˱ˡڶ̣ãᷳ˵һ
ұΪһҲڶȥˣֱ㹻Ϊѣһ߹꣬һͬ˫ۡ
£˵ַ̡¾ƺվӣɽ紵ɢһͷ׷գеãһƬᶨ֮ɫȡһɾɫ
һ޵δͬ죬ҵȸϣҪУҪУ
˾ͽᷳ޵֮ͷٲҵУҪȥУҪǿҪ߳ƬأҪȥ½ˣǷͷۣ
Ǿ䳾ֺηһӣһֱӷУͷ°
һǣִЦ
һӣȱһȱݵҶһ˳ŲһƬգ
ƺţңȴǱ˸裬Ϊ˼飬ΪҪһ𣡵Ĳ䣬֮Ϊ
ұ޵ᷳұΪ˱˶ޣ֣֮ܵǰңͿΡ
֮ǰɵΪԼľǷˣȥΪԼļ磬Ϊ˽ƴȥֿ֡ҾôǷ
Ҵδ뵽ͬôˣкܶ࣬нڵʿôֻΪһЩߵ˽졭
ǣʲôƾʲô֮ܵ޵𾴣Ҫ𾴵ģЩȥĵѣЩΪ˽ѪΪһͬ
Ҵδ˼Щ飬˿̣˼ˣ˷ֵ뵣ǽֿ˽֣ҪŽڵʿ߳Ƭգ߳俪һ赲ǰ˵ľģ
ݾģݵ֮ǰûУ֮һӵУ⣬ҵĵ·ҵĹޡһǾƺʣľȫ£ɽһ˦Ǿƺһ֮ߣĶ䣬ʧֵĿС
˿ɫϦ¶𣬻һɽɢһƬ쳾ϣ
Ҫɱɱұأɱƿ֮ǰ˾ͽҪȥ߽
ִһ˦һȥӰ糤磬ֱӾͳ֮УվֵͷأһۿģȸϣԼ
ǵеԼſ֮ŭӲ񷣬һ˵ƣһαִǵĸܳ
ƣһǰͷκֹǰҪһ俪ûˣûκδڿֹŲľƣ
ƣǷ𣬲Ƕ˵ΣԼ֮˾ĵķ֮
ǰҲñǰҲһеǰҪ߽⣬ϣֵһοѹһοһϤɢϸܵľģ
ǰһȥɲǼ䣬һϮ趯У̤Լĵͷվӭſ磬ӭϦ쳾ء
ȸϽλѣԸĳһͬȥ죬һս
ĺƵ𣬻һƬĺˣȸϻص˷һ˲䣬ȸ֮ǰϥȴɽһʿȻ붨˫ۣһĿ⣬͸һͬľġ
ԸңһӴλͬʱγһɾһϣһضǾ˵ĺХ£գֱڣ
һڣӵһɱʿô꣬ͬźѣдģȻ
ֻҪһͿһȥƴɱǸĴۣ
֮𣬱ʿԺڣͬˣ


1648 ̫
վǵϣĿɨأڣһХĳһϤףϤڼľģߴһľ֮
棬ϤˣĵʮʹӴͷֵ˾ͽǰƣˣʶЩˣ˿Ҳڿ֣ǧ˵Ŀۣں֮һѪ˴һ
ѪΪ޵ƾöɢֻʧȥɵĹؼʱ̣˹֮һɲѪȻ
һͬշɽӣִһ˦һȥѩƮ֮ӭͷƮɢİ׷£ųҫ۵Ĺâ
âУӻ磬Хֱ֮ǿնȥ
˾ͽϣӵ˽棬ǾĺХںϣγصĺڼ֮ǧʿһﲻ׷ʩչ֮ͨ
һĻΪ׳ۣԶԶһǴӴ𣬴һƣһյİԵžͷĺɣգȸǣǿգ
ǰһϢµִ£ǿԳǿգƿһ߳ٵ磬ȥ޾֮⡣
ǰһĿȸ֮ףǰʶɢ˫¶âͬʱɱɢ
Ҫɱˣɱ֮ˣҪɱһѪɺӣҪɱһɫ䣡ɱںȻɱ⣬ȻܾúܾûŨ
ǵԼһɱ¾۷壬ȸԹټţգǧ꣬ɱٴӿ֮ġ
һΣΪԼΪ˽ڣֲʲôӢۣҲȥʲôӢֻۣһƽʿֻһһδսʿ
˵֣ԼӦΣ֪˷ִĺ壬ҪģҲʲô𣬶ҪԼҪ俪أҪ߳
˭ֹҪɱŭ
裬죬裬ٵأ裬ɱˣ
Ҫк俪磬߳ⶴľģȣ֮սֻǵһһͲȥ̸ʲô֮߳ˡ
ǰ۶ߣǧʿ棬һȺǿкХγ˾ˣ˷죬ǿա
򣬴˵֮ǰһ֮£ȻĽʿһЩ˿ֵʶɢ£ȫڡ
һдʿֿȥΡ
ź֮϶ֵǰ⣬мʮʿЩüȫвͬӡǣ˿һɫţߡ
ҪȥΪʱ򣬽ڵʿо󲿷ֶ죬ֻפ֮˶ѡ
⼸ʮʿûȷɳԶ̺ȻңңĺХ֮һ֮¸ӿٵӶݡ
һʿУʶĻͷһۣһ֮£ǿڣһӰǰӰ糤ɲǾȫĳĿ֮ڡ
ֻһֻۣǰӰһȻһ˺ڰ֮УٴĿ֮ʱоתתǿУԼһȺʿ۵ӰȺ˵棬һˣûͷ
Ǹûͷ壬ϤϤɲ˫¶޷֮ɫĿһתǿգȫ
ȫڵɲǣһ棬ǻڣһ£ͷ׷Ʈ꣬絶ջ֮ǰһȥ
Ǽʮʿûа˿֪еһˣȻֱǰȥǰһɨĸʿĲҽУͷ­ѪĽǿգʿϣϡ
ֱʱʣĽʿŷӦȻлͷһһ֮£㡣
ӻһâȺʿߴͷ䣬Ϣʱ䣬һȺѪڣ˳
һ£ȾѪɫû˿ı仯ȥ󣬶˼ʮ˫̵ۣĺȻͷ­
Щͷ­ԶԶɫƽǰһζߣ뿪ãǧʿȻǿһƬƬƮɢǿյѪĲкǲɢɱ¾ϢѪȵζ
ֵĽŲû˿ͣ٣ǰУǱʶиӦдʿȫһ
ܶˣֱֱ֮ͷ­ץУŲԼֵΪ̫̫߳࣬ؼ䣬˭ɱֳ࣬ƲϵһȴԲ١
Լ޷ļǵãһһǿʳ磬뱻ɱôͱҪɱˣ
ʿɫֻ̣ߣòƣȴǾҲټ֮ͬޡ
̫ǳҲС˳ֱͬʱ˴ܱȣ໥֮óϻֻ˵ڶ˥Ϊ֮£˵˥ҲǱˡ
ֵܶԸбڽںڶеĽ֮࣬һȺãϲŰɱΪԼĵˡ
˿ֵ̣ܶȴɥ֮Ȯɫ԰׼ߣǸܵһɿµѹƴңԶĵطƾζأ޷ѹ߳㡣
أѹΪһ֮ڶͷʱȡ߶˵
ѹ£˼Ҫ񣬴˿̺˫۷һӶݡ
ڶ˻ƴȫȥɲǣǵ󣬳һĨİɫɫһӰ
䲽죬ʵȴǳһ֮£ֱӾٽһˣӰ֣ɱ̧Ȼ֮ˣֱһɨȥ
磡һ˷һ˻𣬾ȻӶݣֱֵֶܶʧȥĸҰСһģ粽롣
˺һʿУӡΪˣһ·ߵ˽죬ֻȥ̵ŰɱߣգȴǳΪֵ
˻𴫳˲䣬һͷ­ѪУһĨɫڸֵӰֱѪһͷ­ֱ
ֵ֮ɾɱҽߣҪǰһȥٸͷ­Уֶ޷Ŀ­ס
ɨ飬һ·߹вдĽʿκһڣ߹ĵطѪȵģ̤ǿգɱ¾
ٸĿӡԪͷ­֮ͬУ޷ѣֻ֣ϵǰС
̫ˡ߳飬ڽٺı߽紦ֻڡ


1649 
ֻµһ˲䣬ٸͷ­ԭȫ˫ĿɲǼ뱬֮âͬʱһĲҽУֱӾͬ˷籩һХ
һҽУ͸޷ݵʹ࣬УõС֮񣬼ǵ֮Ҳɫ԰ס
޷ȥôʹ࣬Щͷ­˵֮һҽУٸͷ­ϣڵѪ
ЩѪУΪŨѪϢŨŨ
Щͷ­ڣȫӡʿԪֻ꣬ǵͷ­ûȥھһٵֻأ
ǵͷ­У̺֮ԴⱾԴ£εһ㣬Ҫȥһʵõһδҵ¡
֮ԴЩͷ­޾ʹ֮УⲢҪȥĥǣɱ¾һĿˡ
ˣ漰һ󷨣Դ֮ںһδʩչ£ǵһΣ
󷨣ǱԴ֮
֣ܼ򵥣
һĻҾ徣Ψ֮ޣɺԥʩչֶڽĺޣУȴŨˣֻ֪һȴǴڼѹһԹ
Թɱ¾ĸԹ£޵أǲٿ˵ǡֶʶЩʿǣֵŭ
ⳡս̫̫ˣôҲͲںȥɱ֮ޣȻҪɱ¾Ҫƾɱ¾ȥﵽĳĿģôֱһѣҵҪҪѰʲô
Ѿȥ̫࣬ڸֵˣֶߴ޾ҽУɫ糣ٺһȥ
ٺΪ֮أפǵĽ̫ǳʿ
ЩʿΪ̣ԴߣŮޱǲ̵ĳΪ¯ʿѪһƬƬǿա
һٺӣӭһŨĻѪϢɢɱŨڵĵԴɱ¾Դһ̴ڱȫ֮£ֵܣȻͳʵ֮еĳ֮ѩ
Щɫѩܣһ·ǰУ֮صǿգ̱Ƭ˸Ŀͬʱк졣
˫˺ɫǰУʶȻɢٺ򣬾ʶһɲǣٺȴһɵϢȻ
Ϣ͸֮ɫȻǶʶĳ֣ЩֲϢǻûε֮ǰ֣üͷ£ȴǸͿһۡ
Ϣ̺˵ڵľǿ֮Уܶɱ飬
ǰһΣֲȥǵϢǳһ⣬֮ڣӵǧʿ
Щʿ˿̴󲿷ֶڱĿв֮ˣѰ֣¯ǿ˫ޣЦŰɱˣˣɴڱ²ĽʿѪΪ
֮£ʶɨĿ
˫¶ǺâΪټϴ˿ͷ­ҽУʹͬӻȪ֮߳ħ
Щˣִһ˦ֱִָ£ƣңңһ
һ֮£ڶʱʹۿɼģȻƮ𣬰һƬ֮ڡ
ͬʱһ̴ȴϴʿһ͵˫ۣ¶Ȼ֮ɫӼɳҪȥ׷ʲô顣
ǸһգʱͿϾ籩ǵأգʹ֮ڣһƬģͬĩ
һѹְ˷γһѹ֮ѹ֮£Щʿ̾дѪɫή֮˫¶־塣
ʲô
˭˭
Īǽڴ٣ɽڴܶ죬˭߹
Щ¯˫ޣǲŰʿ˵֮ˣҲһ˲䣬׷׾һ亹뿪֮أֱնȥ
յһ˲䣬ȴǿһĻǺȻĻ棡
ǿϣһ޴ƣƼڸգʹôȻһͬҹһ
ⱻ赲âڸǣһеĹȫֹʹһƬڰ֮С
޴ӡڣһӡǣӡ˸ʱģʱǶſˣôͻһƬҡ
ӡǣһţһ޾׹ɵչţ
ţ֮ǰ֮󣬾ӡֵģΪ㣡
ϵǧʿǿӡ˲䣬޴ƣָ𣬷ҪȭһȭĹУǧʿ䣬һɹ˿һϢǵڲܿƵıֱնȥ
ӡбԴĵܣôľǱԴᶯΪûеôӡģ꣬Ԫȵһ
ӡΪ£ӡһɫ䣬ƵǴ˿ִɱ¾ķŭһǾ춯أ
ӡȭɲǼ䣬ǧʿãȻĿУӡһ޴ȭͷȭͷû£͵һקһק֮УǧʿĲҽͬʱ
һĲҽУǣջһȴڰеǧʿһȻͷ­ֱֿӷֱնȥ
һſͷ­һǿУֵ
⣬ճȭͷ꣬Ԫȵ֮ɢȭͷУһ֮£ڵǧԪȫԻصͷ­ڣķӡ٣֮С
ĲҽУٴ϶ǧͷ­ǿڲϵػص
ǧǲתʶһǣһȥ
ٺڽĵܣʶ۳һƬӰУ䱾֮һζֵӣңԶ֮
⻹Ҫ٣ʶӣĻ˸ûʸҵ֮أ
һɱһһȺɱһȺɫ˫ɱŨûɱûɱ˿ǰУǰٴγһǡ
һƬ棬֣ȥŨΪˣȻ飬˿̣ȴһƬ
̫ǳһ壬Ϊڤ壬֮ޣ֮Ũĵطǣڤⳡսͣʶʹ͡
ڤ壬̫ǳֻС壬˿ϣ弸붼ӽ۶ΪµĲ䡣
ŨŨڣɢâƯڴһڷ²Щ²дŮԣһˣȻϺ磡
˫ĿԲѣɫ԰ף
ʱƬĴأͻȻ֮ѿһ޴ѷ죬ѷڴһٸݣֱѷ죬Ϻ磬ҲС


1650 ն
͸ʵԿǵϵѷϥһµĹͷӣһɫ۹סӣͷʱһĻװ͹𣬷Ĳ˻
˫̧һӣٸֱڶ
ͷ͵˫ۣĿ¶֮âٸڵĽʿɫ¶̡
Ҳֻ֮أڤĻᣡ֮Խ࣬ԽŨһЩ鹩ɡ̫ǳɱ¾ᱻͷ¶΢Цһ˦ٸȻһһ
ݵıʹٸٺŮչ¶Ƭʵ֮УɫŤ¶ʹ֮ɫǵ壬ݱ˲䣬Ŀή
ǵɢ֮УһƬӰһӰԪǵıòһ
ϺɫŤ˫ĿӲڼɢ֮ͬӰǹͷ˫֮âһϺԪӰӰһֱͬӶȥ
ڤɼ֣ǹͷӵͺ£˫ǰһӣԪӰٶȸ죬ת۾ٽ
ſڣҪɵһ˲䣬ͻȻһߴغ
һߣͬȻ𣬺֮£γһ˷籩Ȼ𶯣ǹͷһ֮£˫ֱӱѪ֮ʱѪɫȻӼˡ
ٸԪӰԭ˫ĿٺŮޣ˿̷׷һ֮˫ۣãܡ
˭λڤ壬Ϸڤ峤֪δǰ롭ǹͷɫ԰ף¶֣ӺȻ
ԷֻǺһԼʩչͨ󷨵˫۱ݺݵػһѪԪ񼸺Ҫ
Ϊﵽ˵˥飬һ۾ϳԷǾǵĴֻ֮벻ףԼôλܣΪҪͷԼ
ûȥ룬Է̫ǳǽ֮ޣ֪֮޴˿̴򱻲Χ
Уﻹû˵꣬˫۱һƬâȡĿ˳ѷϿȥƬУһµİ׷ӡ
ɫڣƯǧͷ­һĲҽǧͷ­ڴʹͷ˫ͫǰӣоԷӼΪϤ
㡭ǡͷкһº󣬴ӶԷϴϤĸо͵һˣǸ˵ֵһɲǣͷ̷޷ŵľӷ˺󣬿зһХͺ
ڤˣӳǣ죬졭
˫ۺһ̧ǰһץһֻõĴֱӻû֮ƿأֱǺ˵ĹͷӶȥ
˲Ϣ䣬ӵĻ˵ɲǣõĴ־ֱһѽȫץסݺݵһ֮£ǹͷӷҾ֮Ȼ
ͷ­ȴǱӡԪջʱΪǧͷ­һ
ͬʱϣ˿̴Ӹطһڤ˵ϢÿһϢһڤˣǳ֮ɫãȻȴԥշɢоҪӳǡ
Ǿ֪ܲʲô峤֮죬ǻ᲻˼ȥִУ
תĿ䣬һӣĿȻһ޴ֱӴĿ˸ѳΪܼٶȥ
ڵϣһɲǵ⽻䣬Ƿѳÿһ磬֮ͬ٣һӶݵڤ壬Ӻ𣬾ͷ­
ĲҽУϴ˷ûȥᣬٸãȻԪһ˦ЩԪһ̻صǵڡ
һѷ죬߳ɲǣһӰ˷ͷ­ӽŵͬʱЩһһĿ֮С
̶̵Ϣ䣬еڤˣһڣ
ڰգ̧·һ֮϶Ƶ޾˿纣һֱֶ
޾֮ȫǴ֮ϣһ򣬼תš
ϢߣػָԭеڶݣҲ׷ѿʹڵٺʿһɡ
ջؿصĿ⣬һס֮е̧ͷһȥݺݵһֱ鿪һɾȻͱֱճȥ
ȻˣͱˣĮվͷ֮ȴһƬŤУ߳һӡ
ۣɫΪأ֮˫ǰһܻ֮û˶аɴСںʹֱӾ֮ϡ
֮صǹ׶£һѷ죬ȴû鿪󵹾Ӳϵغˡ
֣ȻûӺ˫¶֮ɫ֮ǰֵֻʶȴֵӣ˿̴ңԶ֮٣ڿֻǧʿ⣬û뿪㱻ֱƳӰ
һﲻɱһֱӶȥɲǾٽ֮⣬̧Ƕƺݺݵһȥ
һǶѷ֮ɫ԰ףѪɫȻз˺
ˣΪһ֮ĸܵϵĿֲϢ˿ûʲôɱ˵ͷӶݣ
ˣ㲻лߣ˿һȥ̧һ£һ֮У̺һǶϣ̧ȭ֮ʣֱӱķѣһϢͬҲͬˡ
ɫ԰ףڶƱ֮ٴκˣ˫¶Ϊ֮ɫ˵һ٣֪Լ޷Ӷݣ˿һҧߣ˫Уü̳һɫѷ죬ѷڣ֮е磡
򿪵һɲǣ̧ǰһָ

һֶȫȻһ٣һٵ˲䣬һȥ֮ؿһģ֮ʣ̧üġ
һȫѪ˫¶־֮ɫҪѳⶨĲٿء
ǰûᣬ˫ۺһƱ˴񣬼Էӡ֮Ӿһɨ
Ѫ緢ͷ­ֱӷֱֿӱΪѪ⣬ͷ­һץס
£ĳ֣תץǵѪͷ­ǿȥ


1651 ֤ķ
ʿɵ磬Ҫ֮꣬˽磬ҲⲿѣΨдﵽ˿Ϊ󣬷ɰΪһΪأʹ֮ĤԼӶҵڣӵͨ
֮ľÿһ綼ΪѣǿԲϼѣҪȻ磬֮Դ
ԴΪʵ֣֮׻Уʵ֮ԴıԴõҲΪ׻ã򲻶ֻ࣬ں֮ͬ󣬱ñԴɡ
һ㣬ֵĻ汾ԴԴ˴ɡ
Դ֮УһΪ֮Դ٣ΨиıԴѴɣΪ޷ںϣֻȥ
ʿ֮Բ࣬ڽһ԰ʿУҲֻʮ˵ӣص㣬鱾Դļѡ
̤ʱ鱾Դôڿ֮ʱͻ˺ܶƿɱϾ俪ʱӵ鱾Դ֮ʵ̫̫٣һҪﵽ˿磬Ҫ¸鱾ԴᣬԼ
˵ٻñԴѴɣȴǳ˲ʿһ
죬ȴ֤ʿǻںܶʱ򣬶ǴͬС죬ǵķڣ֮ȥЩ֮Щܵİ£ٶȻͻͽڻûɽֻأһЩ֪֮Լڵĵطֻһõ硣
ƾˣЩ֮þΪҲõ֮е鱾Դ֮
һ鱾Դ̻ᱻĴߣΪһ֡ΪһжõģЩ֮ǸԴһ֣ɣΪ
ͬģΪЩ֮ΪҲõģʶǵ߳ǸԴܵʱҲʧȥһΪ
Ҳȥ׷ѰԼ磬ǷҲһǿڵ磬һ㣬ûд𰸡
Ψһ֤һ㣬ǵ߳ʱΪȫɢΪ˷ˣô˵ԼĴڣֻһ
߳Ϊ䣬һУȫ棡
ٺǿУʶץͷ­ջأ֮ǰץͷ­һɲǣʩչѻ֮ϣ˺ܶ䡣
˿һףļͷ­ڣֶһʿУһܣһ
ٺ򣬴˿޴ܣУҲͽ꣬ǰһȥ糤һɨٺӡ
߹ǣȷѪ꣬ɨҶͷ­
һſǣһʿפλãڰһ䣬ĺ٣һȥͷ­ԽԽ࣬һһ塢򡭡ֱЩͷ­ﵽ˽֮࣡
ͷ­˵򵥣ʵۿȥԺһʿⲻǵɱ¾޷ϸеһſͷ­ŨŨѪȣǾԶҲŵõ
˾ͽϵǧʿٺʱǿģûһʿĻعٺӣ߹һſűѪȾʱһһٺʿԶȥĽŲǰХߡ
ǰں󣬾֮˷ǧɽˮ޾ǿգֵĴڣͬһ֮ףָ֮У
ʶٺջأȷ޽ʿִǽͷ­ͷ­ͬʱĲҽУ춯֮ʱƺ
ƺǵսǰ֮˫ʿڶ࣬һ̤ֱĸܵԩƴһڷһ˻
˫ۣƬ̺͵Ŀ¶ɱǰһȥͷ­ƯԶԶһͬͷ֮Ŀġ
ͷ­󣡡ǰУƺǵڵһƯĴ½˿дȻķѣʾ١
ЩڵĴ½򱻽ʿռݣЩʿƺڴʱƾãƺΪսǰߣＸû˽ʿȫ
ƺȫĳΪ˽ķأ
ֵʶɢɲǾƺʶڣƺһоһһ֣ȻʧȥϤƺеŭ籩
ʶɢû˿أһְԵķʽ֪ƺڴڵнʿ١
ʶڣһ½פصĽʿ׷״Ӵоѣ̧֮ͷգһľĸоǵڼٵ
ֵʶͬһɴˣɨƺͬһ಻ϵ׶еĽʿС
ƺڵһϣԭڵɽţ˿ȴǳΪ˷棬޾ɫĺݣԼɣԶԶһͬͷһ㡣
ǣȫ޾Ϻȫǵģ޾֮һԼʮɵľ޴֦һɫĴ󻨣
ԼǧɣмΪۣЩݱ˻δţڶ֮һԼʮɴСĻǶ䡣
ǻǶԲΣ͸ȻϥһŮӣŮò£ϥǴ
һɵڵϢ⻨Ƕڻɢʶɨɲǣ⻨ǶڵŮ͵˫ۡ
Ŀ¶һ˿𾪣˫Ŀϵ޾䶯
ǺԶӵĵƺսڣһƯĴ½½ʿٷм䣬İһʯ齨һӴ
Ȼ߱˳Σϻһ޴ĺɫ򣬵ӣ͸һϡ
̣ˣһֻ޴ޣ
ͷϥһߣߵüӡǣȻҲһɫʶɨһɲǣһȻ˫ۣ͵վӣգɫʱ԰
ͬһʱ䣬ڣ˿̽ʿʮ֮࣬лмˣǵΧɱ֮ޣ
ʮʿ㻷ƣһۿȥ飬ռ޾ǿգһɫ̺ƣƣµ׺ݣȴ˿ûɢ
ʮʿΧģһɾŰپʮŸɵİ󷨣Уÿһ϶һЩʿȻĵֿ˺ܾá
󷨵ģһԲεļ̳Ǽ̳һƬʵƣֻɼϥһˡ
һϣƮ裬һɫĮŮӣҧ´н
һϣľü𣬴Ű£͸ãȻ
һſϣһϤӰ


1652 ǿ
֣ƺ
ûֱȥ죬һ֮޷߸һսʹ㹭ɾҲֻܶʱĸıս֡
ʱ䣬Ҫǡ
󣬵Զ֮߳ҪȥԶţһУҪ֮ûôȥһδεǰѹ
ԣ֪ΣûѡȥȥҪĽʿҪЩʿͷ­Ԫȥǿһ󷨣
ֵǰУ߹һ½һĺ£ͷ­
Щͷ­˲䣬˫һӶ̧һָǿա
֣һڣͷ­ֳһֱ࣬ǿתһ޴С
֣һָһͷ­ٴγһС
˫Ŀأ˫ּһӡûڣƬ̺һͺ
ǰ޴У̾໥ص˲Ϣ䣬ȫںΪһΪһ壡
֮ʹǿղȴںһУתϵ֮£ɣǧɣʮɣ
ӴУֵϿպתʹǿҲתһ㡣
󣬳ɣҧ⣬һ֮ѪѪҺһͻһƬӴںϡ
ںϣһ֮϶ȴǾ޴УȻֹͣתֹͣ
ת֮£ӴоȫˣƮϿգͬһâ˸ڱһɾƣ
ԶԶһ̵мһ֣һ޴ĳ֣⳵֣Ǵת棬һת֮£
⳵еģҽеͷ­
һԾ𣬺Ȼվ޴ĳ֮ϣǳֲתȴǰߣ˫¶֮âǳһ֮£ֱǰһƬ½ȥ
ҪɱˣҪͷ­Ԫȥɵڶ
һ·۶ߣһ½ǰнʿ׷ǵͷ­ߣٴγһƬ
ѪϢȻŨķҪһѪ꣬˫ͨ죬ɱ¾ȫڻһ½ǧʿһȥ
أͷ­ٴδﵽ򣬵ⳡɱ¾ûнһΣ̧֮һ£ϣǰһ½ϣڳҪɢʿ׷һ֮Ӻ俪ѪĽͷ­١
һвǺܿ죬һ·ɨɱ¾ϣĽʿ࣬Ƭֵ̺ǰͳһž޴ǣǳ˺ݣٵһ˲䣬һɵϢֱӱ
ǣ֮ǰŮ֮أڲֵʶ󣬲ǰ֣ѰҲӶ֮·ΨеȣǰϣƾŴһս
ǣȻȫգϵݣԴ֮꣬ûаսʤ֣ȴǿԴﵽǿ۷壡
һĺХٵ˲䣬ϼ̶ڴɲǣϵݷӰ֮ǧɣɣﵽʮɰɣӣӳ
̼䣬ĿǣȻ˼Ϊ죬һûı仯ǣ޾ݵ¡
ԶԶȥǣȻһͷ­Щӳǣڱݣͷ­ĳ
ϵĻǶ䣬˿ſǾŮ¶գૣǣʹǵĴɽӣȻı䡣
һ֮£ɽб͹֣иɿݣҲƾնһǵرĴΧ仯չǰǣȫȫĳΪһž޴ͷ­
һŮӵͷ­ǵĸı£ȻǻǶڵŮòǿһۿȥһĻ֮
ӴǣΪŮӵͷռ˫ۣ亣γɵͷ޷ԶƮɢ֮ʹŮӸΪһ־Ķǵ
ɽΪǣɽΪüϿΪΪֵۣһУ޲¶Ůӵľͨ
ĿһңңȥʱŮͷ­ëһ֮صëĲǾɽ£Ůӵ˫Ȼ
ĿĶ֣ǴŮͷ­ĿУһʹǿձļХ
ͨΪ̧̫ǰһץȻѪɫȴѪֱӻûһץסУ̧֮ʱĿϣĿ˸üٱԴڻ֮һ˲ֵѪڣ
Ѫޱȵ˷ܣ·伢꣬ڽգ˱ȫ֮Ļ䣡
˫Ŀ¶飬ХͨչʱһŮͷ­кһǰѽֱһն£
һ£ǿպХȡһУһԿĽâ϶޾̣ƿиһ谭Ͽºȥת۾ͷ­ü֮УŮ˫¶־ɲǣıͨʩչüֱһն͸ƿüģǣϿ޴ͷ­
âһ⴩͸Ůӵϣһѷ̺ۣȻľһΪһͬģǻǶϵŮӱͷ­ã˿
£Ѫɢȥһ߹ȥͬʱͷ­һץ
ʱŮӱͷ­ʹڷУԶԶȥ
ֱȥܾãǲȫķѿ
ƺ򣬶ڽʿ˵جΣȻβʶǵĵطһδӰ֣н֮ȫһ
ûˣֵֹĽŲѪȣ߷ӡ˻Ԫͷ­أͷ­ٴδﵽ
ȡ˳ƺս⣬һ½ϵĽʿͷ­˫Ŀ˸תͷԶǸλãƺսڣǱֵӵȱڡ
һƯĴ½˿½ٵƶǧʿͬʱ֣ʹ½ȥȱڣϵٽֿȥ֮ʱȻһȱڣ˽̫ǳС
ܣˣ̧ǰһӣǴתֱ֣Ӿʹһ֮£ƿǿգȻֱڵһ½ȥ
ǣĳ󣡽ƺɱ¾
˲Ϣ䣬ǽȱһĴ½Ͽڣٵ֮£ת֣֣
֮һ޷ݵѹֱӾͽǴ½ϣǵɫɲǣۿ޴ת֣תһȦ
һȦ


1653 ȥ
󣬴ܱ֮Գɲת֣䲻涯
Ǿ޴תת֮ƴƿֱӴƬֵڣһȦ֮£ϣ
һɻѹֱӾʹתϺ·Ȼ뵽ȱһƬ½Ȼѹȥ
ѹѹ֮ĥһԪ񣬱һ֮
Ƭ½ȻһԵλ̾ͳѷ죬ΪĩҲϵ֮£ӱԵŴ½ٵӡ
֮˲Ϣ䣬½ϵѷͬһݺ޾ޱߺХܡ
Ǵ½ĲŲתֵתԽӵľĴ½ϵĽʿѹɫ԰Ѫ֮صɫΪʹࡣ
һЩΪģǱѹԪӡͷ­ֱ
Ǵ½ģȻ߱˳εӴ˿УͨѷϿղתֵĻת£ȻΪ˷档
ߣѪ¶־壬ĵͺһԾ˫֮±һƬڷХԶԶһƻһž޴ɭɭ֮ڣֱϿղתֶȥӣҪתɣ
Ϊֿȥֻĸֿݣ

߲ȥֵ󣬴һ̣˫ĿһƯڴ½ϿյĲת֣ȻһٴλתһȦ
ת˲䣬屻ڷľ޴ɭںϵ֮£ռʮɴСǿսһɡ
߲òˣ֪Լ޷ӶݣƴɣҲαȥƴһΣһƴʤѣһ
񱩵ĵͺ£ɭɭ޿Ȼ䣬ͽУһ˲䣬ȴĲҽдɭɭںȻȴǺɵɭɭ֮ڣһɾ̺֮ѹ
һǺɵĴֱӱķ֮ȻԶԶһһĻΪˣͬһƣıĲת֣ٴγ֣
һɲǣߵĺڱһɴڣѪֱӾأһֱ˳Ϊ֮С
ص޾ѷĴ½ٴһµĵطһǧɴСӣ
УȫദѣѪȾɫήң˫͸Ŀ־ȻŨ˼ޣҪվӡ
ʱִһ˦̧·һָȴϿվ޴Ĳת֣Ȼ·ѹȥŴ磡
Ϊ٣ѹѣ
ѹ£ҪٴѪ屻һɰѹ֮Ȼ£ûаѣٴκء
½ڲϵ£һοʼ˱һƬʯ̮ܷȥϵػһƬƬĩ
½ϲдЩʿһȻΨһЩΪߣ˿ϥ𶯵ĴϣĵֿǵɫҰһƬ¶
ƺɱ¾ˣֱ˫ۣǰһӡ
ƯڱĴ½Ͽյת֣ȻǺ֮£Ŵ½ٴ³˾Ŵ磡Ŵ½ĹУǱѹڵߣڣһĲҽС
ֱӱѪĽͷ­ڷӡԪ꣬ĳ¾ա
˲䣬·ЩֿĽʿһȫʱ
һ½׵ıˣķ֮»ɢÿһɢ飬ڲϺУٴѣֱΪĩ
ȱڵһ½ҲӻһͬΪ˳ʧǿ£
˫Ŀһ̣ǧͷ­ǵߵͷ­ХΪеһ֡
ĿһƺתҪȥĵطһȥ
죬̫Ϥˣⳡսս֮
죬һȥͷ­ҽУǿգ£ת֣֮ߡ
󣬳ɣֵµɲǣȴͷ­ХգֵϷٵתٴγһ޴С
ֵָ̧ſͷ­ɵȻһһ֮£תٶȸ죬֮£ͷ­һƬȻò
ȭȫס˲䣬غ䣬ڼٵתУһεת֣ƯֵϿա
ԶԶһ˿̵£޴ת֣м䣬һͷİ׷͸һɱ¾ı
졭ӰǰһΣתֵУȻʧ֮ʱȻ̤죡
ڣǱʮʿΧɾŰپʮŸɵĴУ˿̲дн֮ޣһɫ¶׳֪һսڰˣ
ŰپʮǣǴĴѡǽĸ£ȴֹЩڽʿͨ³ֱļʱԻ
һ춯أʹǿղĺһ̾ȴһǣڳҲ޷֣һɷ籩ܺɨ
ǵĴ½ѣˮѿ鵹Уǵǻ꣬ɢ
Ǳɲǣʿȴ⼸ʮʿʩչͨó֮չһĹ
ĹȻ˶Σÿһξܶ޷ƿ󣬵ȴЩǣࡣ
ʱգȻǾŰپʮŸǲ٣
ܣ߶ǿ£Ǽûг֣ƯܣۿȥǴڵĿģֹ֮ޣԻΪۣչһͬھ
Щܣˣˣٵһսһˣ£һ㡣
ˣܣҲ죬ǵһսǺߡ
г֮ˣȥʿԼȫ
⼸ܴڣ֮ڳ˶κո޷ֻͬĿ󣬱һĴݻ١
ʿУǼ⣬ˣΪӿ鲻ȣˣŽʿ߸չ
Ǻ֮죬У
⣬һȺʿУһŮӣŮӣòĿɫǡ
˷˾


1654 ˮŮ
ô׾ȥҵܳδһĻ桭Ǽ١еǣʱţԽԽŨ
ԶҲ޷ǵһĻĻУǸ˽̫ǳӰ
˿Ψаѹ£̧ǰһָܵĽʿХǰжȥ
˸Ľ֧ͬһδεĳУһȥ
ϣڲ֮һ֮˷һǱ𣬻籩ɨǼĿܻɢʹķ籩޷ʿ
ľüվһϣǧʿΪЩ꣬ľüصټϵֵĻʹڹһƺ֮սٺ֮ս֮սսȫ
˲֮£ľüЩմڵʿȴҲֻʣǧˡ
ǰļ̳֮ǣľüߣһ׷ɫ͸ľüһȭ
Ŵ˻˵ʿ׷׿ľüͬʱȭ˵ͬĻ
ǰļ̳ҵȱɣ
ľüƽûȥЩһδսˣǿգķʿչͨϡ
Щʿм䣬һĹĻЩʿģĻһĻҲ֮
ȺʿУһ꣬òʣȴ͸һа֮ɫ˫֣ȫŮӵԩ꣬Щԩͨڣϵ˻ŹĻ
Ŀ⴩͸Ļңңľüϣ¶΢Ц
ˣĪҪĻĻܿͻᱻ򿪣˵ȥķ֮һӶڱ˵ŮˣһȤ˫һ仰ӹĻ⴫ʿͨĺҲ޷ѹĻص
꣬߸֮´֮һ
̧һָĻϵľüЦ
㣬ҵģ
ľüɫƽ¶⣬Ϊɼǽ峤ó˫֮Ը̣ڵвڴ֮֡
ɼϲŮӣһЩòʵӣҲͬϲľüΣһαǱ׷ɱǵˮ֣衣
ļ̳Ϸŷʲôʧһҵȡľüߵİ׷ߣ͸
ľüڣ͸һɼ
һǵ˵ʶ檵ķŮӣͬվϣڵ˵ʿ˾߽˶꣬ʿȻ٣ֻЩڲϵսУֻʣ˲ǧ
ǧʿȫ飬ɫƣȴվվǷŮӵԣ¶֮ģ
ǵϿգĻ֮⣬ʿչĹ죬Ⱥʿڣһӣһײ֮ɫֱǷ׹γ磬Ļ
һ˵ĹͿʿȫһ
ˣҲͬ߸֮һӼΪ࣬ȥͬɽһ֮еͺЦдʿŹĻǹĻŤ˲ȵļ
һУҪôҲáǷŮɫƣӿһͻᵹ£ջؿյĿ⣬ŮӿԵһѡ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôھȴԶһϡ
ԶһǣȻǧʿһɼߵĴһ˦£һǣˡ
ԭǾŰپʮŸɣÿһǶһĻŰپʮŸĻںһ𣬾߱˿µķ֮
£һſǵĻһĻ鿪ҲڴΧļ١
ǽˣΪڻꡭֻǣﻹЩءһûи˭Ůתͷૡ
ʿĺ£ŤҪһƬĻڣһϣӷҧ´һȺʿվһߣսң깫
ӣͺȻС
Ǿʿ˿ǹĻʿһ֮УֻĿŹĻһĴݻ٣ȴǹĻȫһ˲䣬
Ļ鿪֮ʱҵԱһ̣׼ôͳڡ
ǲǵһѡԱȺ壬ʵڵǣȫڹĻƿ˲䣬ѡԱ
Զһһǣڱ˹Ļ󣬱
һХӰڴȴһֱӷ𣬳ֱʿȥֵɲǣһЦصǿΪΧɱֵĺߣһȥɲǼһ
һлɢ˺Ǻߵ˰ɣ¶⣬Ц˫˷
һɵأϴϼһĵӣΪϷ򣬵ȴ֮
ɢ¶صӰɫ԰ףˣ֮ǰϢ֮ٴ߳һս
ӱΧһտʼһֱˣ
سֵɲǣһƬϣȴһɼŮӣһ߳Ůɫͣ˫Ŀȴɱٺӣٺ֮
߳˲䣬ǼĽУЦƮֱٺӵɼŮӶȥ
ʣ಻ڲǱһƬֵļ̳ϣˮϥӰڸģӲɫŤ¶޾ʹࡣ
УߵƣߵͬߣŤƾˮҲʼ޷ȫƳ
ˮ󣬺ɼͬϥ˫вϵˮ£Ƴ
ɼӣùˣˮ͵˫ۣ˫Ŀͫ׳ֻɢŤ֮߸ڵ㻷ơ
㣬㲻̾ͻɼӶͷڳˮ̧̳һӣһڹƾճ֣һ߿ܣֱ⣬Լһָˮ󱳡
ˮҧͺɱ¾ԴȻ뱳ɼӵָײһģѪͷ
ùң
ɼĿˮһۣĿ¶ż̳⣬һȥɫ͸ȻȥǽеЦӭϡ
ˮڼ̳ϴŴڵѪϵ£ǰģȴ̧ͷԶһǣǣǷŮڵĵط
ôӦǰɡˮ¶ͣܶǰֻ֣ûȥӡ֤
ʱͻȻǷŮڵǣĻȻΧǴ󺺷֮ƣǴ󺺿ЦУʿֱǶȥ


1655 ֣
ˮһ˫ĿͻȻͱǿâѾʧȥ˫ףʧȥʦʧȥ˰ˣʧȥһɽʶѣҲ
ʧȥһУ
ԼʧȥĿеķŮӣŮӣˮϣܵŮϢ
Ϣˮ꼤һĴЦεעŮӣƳΪȫ
һУ
ˮˣ˿û˺ɼӵİ̣̣;ԼŮܵ˺
ΪһףΪһŮѰ˺ܾúܾõҪȥģ
ĿзͬҰһ˻Ӳָ͵һ¼̳ĵ棬һ֮ºȴǼ̳֮ѣһɼǿķ֮Ǽֱ̳ӺȻ
ɳڵķ֮ˮȻʹ̳ϼٷ𣬳˼̳Ǳƿ˹Ļǣȥ
˫Ȼģǰ޷壬˿ΨһܿģΨһܿģϣŮӵӰ
Ůɫ԰ףֻкصŹĻǳĴ󺺣ŷ֮ʿĳ롣
ܵµǣھҵĲʿǴ󺺵УƳܲסѹһʼ˱
ƾճѷ죬ھҵĲ·һ͹ϣߵЩʿ˿˫Ŀͨ죬ͺ֮з׷ײϧһеӷɶ˻һȺߣ
ɶ˻֪ôĲ֪ߣ֪ģ
ХǷŮӲ԰׵ϣһ˿ĺлвᣬȴϵնȥⲻᣬǰһȥ
Ϊߣȴǽ֮ˣȴηٵһ̣һͬѳᣡ
ǽߴ֮еķ״󺺣˿ЦһΣȥǰЩ俴ΪСĽʿ̧·ݺݵһ
һ֮£׺ȴڷ绯籩ڼɫƻһԼɵĺɫֱضȥ
ǰȥķΨһ谭֮ˣǷŮӣ
Ƿ״վɫͷХۣһ·ǧʿɲǼٽǷŮǰ㼸ʮɡ
֮ޣ¶֮ɫУûŮӴڵʸĿ꣬ǻ˴Ǻһǣ
ٽǷŮʮɵɲǣͻȻɫһ䣬͵̧ͷ˫̿ļ̳
һҰ޵ļ̳϶𣬴һɻصľȻһ¼˭˺ŮҪɱ˭ĸŭ
Ѫ˸ɫѩǿƾճ֣Щѩ͸޾ͬʱתѩУˮӺ
ٶȻﵽ˼ޣˣɱ¾Դں䱬춯֮£Զڽս֮ˣҲ׷׸ܣȫ
Ƿ״ɫ䣬ʶˮ֪Էǿ֮м֡˿̲˼ֹͣٿǺɫٺأǵתʹǺɫ̧ͷԿˮ١
˵Ϊȴˮķٴһδй۷壡
ǷŮӣ̫ˣ˿̧ͷХȴ̾ҪŮӣˮĹϵؼ䣬ֶ֪֪Ψˮһף
˿ˮ˫ȫˣɲ˲Ϣ٣ֱӾվ¶ãķŮǰ̧һѾץǺɫ͵ݺݵһ˦

ˮץסǺɫһ˲ɫѩɲǾͽǺɫ£Ȼһ
Ǵˮбһǿɱ¾֮ģȫڣһ˦ھĺХУȫķѣ
ϵǴ󺺣ѪȻ֮ӵҪˣˮȴһֱ֮ӾǴ󺺵ǰ̧ݺݵһն£
һն֮УǴ󺺻ɢΣԾɣһն̺֮ɱ¾
һ죬ǴѪӵŵŵźɣ¶һѪģ˿ڣ˿ڴüֱС·Ҫ˺
ȴûбնϣǹɱ¾֮ڽҪɱǰһϢѸٵֱɢ
Ǵɫ԰ףΪԼˣ˿̽ٺ̧ͷȥʱһ۾ͿˮĺѪ塣
ˮûɱһ壬ܲסˣ˿̵Ȼ׳ӣǷŮӷס
ŮգˮУˮ
ǷŮĿãҧ´֪ˮΪλˣ֪ˣ֪λ֮ߡ
ΪʲôŮڡ
ʱǷ״¶ϲ֮ɫɱ˲Ϣ
ͬʱһХ죬ȴԶľüڵǣĻֱӱ¶а֮ɫ꣬ЦһĹĻڣԶ䶢ľü
ĺգһñӺ
ľü¶ߵ֮˷׷׳Ҫʱ̣һͬѳᣡ
ͬһɲǣ⣬ܽսءٺŮӣɼˣҲһ
һƿԽⳡս޾ǿУ˿һѹңԶĵط˺Ƭǿգнʿýʮʿ̿ϲ
˵Ŀ£޾ǿ֮ϣһ޴ѷ죬ѷڴϢڽ̫ǳѷڣںһ޴Ĺ
⹬̫ǳʿĤݣеʥй
𣬵һα̤ڣһ۵𣬺ȻվǹϣòȴԿָ̧֣ɿǣ̺һɻصƣ
̧֮·ɼӡٺŮӡأһư£
һУˣɳƵд̧ȴһ޴ӡ
ӡڸǿյĹâ·ʵһ޾ǿϣ·󣬺¡¡£
ǿձһϢĸоһ˲ÿһʿУ˾
ӡ£״ЦٽˮŮˣ˫¶֮ɫĵɼһ˦ǰ֮ޣֻľüһȥ
һɲǣҪ˲Ϣ䣬ƺĽӴȴһХ춯صĺ䴫
ɼХκһʿһ֧
һ֧Ż𣬴ŷŭɱ¾֮Х֮𣬾Ȼѹµľ޴ӡˣΪ˴˿̣ڣǽڽʿΨһڵ
֣ˣ


1656 󱬷
״ЦٽˮŮˣˮ񣬾Ҫպϵ˫ۣһ˲ãȻĿԶģȴǸܵһϤϢ
Ϥֵܣʦܣ
ķŮӣ̧ͬף˫Ŀһ˲¶˴δйǰ
Ƿ״һ͵ػͷ¶޷֮ɫ
һϣľüȻӣȻĲ˫¶ââ£գ
ϣֳ˿ĵ΢ЦһһĿģ֪ȷţ
ǾľüȻʮɵĵɼȻһܵǹͷƤϢľüǵͿĵ΢Цûм֣˿ȴһֲĲ²⡣
͵ػͷ
ϣϤ֮ˣӷսң깫ӣȵЩȫһ˲䣬ԶǴǿڣͬӺХеļ
һ֧ɴСصļǼԲΣһ·Х䣬ǿǰһ޷ֹ
Ǽϣվһˣһ£һͷ׷ˣģԿһһ£޴Ĳת֣
һ̣أɼӣֲϤٺŮӣǵĿȫͬһʱ䣬ԶХĺ֮
ص˫¶޷֮ɫ֧죬ĺϳһЩʲôȴ
ɼȫסˣôҲû뵽ֲûΪ˳̶ȣһ־춯أ޷ķʽ
֮޵𾪣ڽʵ΢˿ЩʮʿȫǵĿ¶Ȼ֮ϳߣ˿̱־
ǵΧɱֵļܣǷ׷׻ͷȥ¶֮ɫ
֣
Ȼû
ļʶ˴˼֮ɫ䣡
һжɲǼ䣬ХңԶ֮˲Ϣ٣һ·֮򣬲ƻصıγһǿĹ֣
⹵֣Ǵƺı߽޾̣
ֵ֧ŭ⣬߹顢ٺӡƺɱ¾ֱǴ˿̴Ͽգѷӳ𹬵ϣȻµľ޴ӡ
һս
һпĳڽ֮޻𾪵ɲǣ֧ХǽٵӡԽԽ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼֵĳ֣ȡһеĹâý֮ޣЩܣòȥĿ
ǵĿ£֧ХļӡȻһ
໥˲䣬ӡ𶯲ϣ߲֮â߲ʵĹâɣȴѹסûйâֻɱ¾һ
֮һ̷ĴһδֹŰ˷ɨɨУӡҵĲȻ
ӡı֧ļֱӴ͸𲻳״ӡŸΪ˵ĺХȡ˴˵һĿͶߵĺ˵ĴУ⿪˷ŵΣֱϿѷĹХȥ
ϣһ۱紵¶Ĳòɿݵϣ˿鶯˫Ŀ¶ķ
ϷͲţ㹭ܱɱҵͺǰһȥֱӾٽٵļ
ɲǼ䣬ӳǼ֮ǰɿݵ˫ֻУ߲֮â˸ǰγߵĻǼչײ
֮ٴλǿգȴ߲ʹĻǼ˲䣬ȺĵĻ赲ֱӱ鿪ţɫĻھҵŤ֮£Ȼ
߲ʹĻҲ޷ֵֹ֧ΪԿ𣬵ڣڽ⣬ⶴ֮У֧˿Խֹ޵ļУ
Ӳϵغˣ˫ۺֱ鿪¶ĸɿֱۣɫӺ֮ʱȴŭһҧһѪ
Ѫ̺˽ɫ˲Ϣͱһ˵Ѫ֮ǰһɫ̫̫һ֣̫
Ϸţ˫ƶǰĽɫ̫Ǽݺݵغȥ
ӡСˣҹֵĳ֣֧ɫ̫׵ײһ
ˣ֮ʹʿҽ˫Ѫǽɫ̫ǾҵĲǼ£޷ǰУ˫ƶҲǲĵˡ
һǿĺ϶ȴֱ̫ӱһɿ񱩵ǿȴû֧ܵѹ£ȫ
Ѫȫĺȫ鿪¶˸ɿݵӣӸǵ֮£һǴѷĹϡ
һǹ̾ͳѷ죬ͬʱ֧Хٽǹɲǣ˫ǰ͵һƣȴһھ޴ľȻͳǰǾ̺Ǭ£̺޾ǿգ
⾮ĵڶ磡½ʱӴķ˿óɲǣ٣
⾮ƽ̣𣬾֮ˮƻصǼٵһ̣ںȻûһ֧һһļ
֧õļȻˮ棬ֱȥ֧һõļȻٴѪ¶޷֮ɫ
˵˲壡˲һֻһλã㡭ȻȻӻһ㻹ΣҶֻʣ֮ɲˣٻòѪʱģϣжϣֱ֧ײϣһɴݶȥֱӱһͬģǹ
⹬žʹڣǽʿľ״ڽʿУ⹬ʥԶҲ֮
˿̣ȴĿ⹬ǵĿбķ֮£ƬȻ
𣬹ɫ䣡
ȴûгɲǣǼ崩͸ȫɢڵ˲䣬ȴ壬ǻĩɢѪ⣬Ȼ³֣ٵ֮£Ȼʧȥ˹ѷУٴ۶
壬֮˫ͫһ
¸ɫ԰ףûаԥ۵˲䣬ѷ켱ٵһȥֱӾͳѷڣں͵һץ֮£ѷһץ֮±ɢ
ӶݵӰΪǱ
ܺڣɢȥУʮʿһƬž˵Ŀ⣬ֵϡ
һĶǣ
ʿɫ԰ף˫¶޾Ŀ־壬һȫס
ǺߣɫȻһͬ
ܵλߣ˿ȴǿֵĿ⣬¶η֮ɫ½ˣΣҲͬҪηб΢Ķ֮ޣ
Զ˾ƲסĲڵλãֵıӰӰϤ£ӰܿģǸ֮ˣ
䲻ҺգȴҶƽĸף㷽ţ˵ʲôת˫Ŀ罣Ķס·һϣľüʮ⣬ĵɼ


1657 սһ
ɼӲŵһĻ𺳣֮ǰ˵֣ȴûаѶԷУ֪˵Իֺɱ󣬸ǰΪС
ֱ˿ֵ̣֪Ŀ£һ֮ܺɱ޷ŵͬʱӿֵĿ־壬ﵽһ۷塣
ֵĿ£ɼ٣ֵ˫ն֮ĿɨɼУʹʶ˺ɫֱӲ԰ס
ɢֵĻ֮ͬ˲ϢһƬհסΪֻǿ֣һվɽ֮µ̧ͷĴ
һɲǣӿֳ纣һ㽫ԼûĻ⣬ȥľüȥǷĺգͷ
һУĸԴϾǵܣ˿̾ܲܿ־嵽˼£һ˿ģ֪ԼһμǱɣ˵һľü
ֻﴫ˲䣬ɼ˼˺ʱһ֮£ֱʮľüȥɫ͸
ķ
ҪסľüҪԴ˻ȡԼ棬ģΨһϣ
ʮɵľ룬һ˵ͲʲôȴҪ˭Ŀ£˭ǰֵ˫ڣɼûʸ
һٽľüȻһɵ˲䣬ľüû㣬ٽĵɼ˫У͸ӡ
ɫƽǰһȥ֮죬ǳǵɼ󣬲ӰԶֵȴǳľüǰǰȻһץ
һץ֮£ǵɼԼһһѾͱץϡ
ֺһץŵɼֱǰһȥƶɼ޷Լ壬ţ˱֮·غһȥ
һ𣬲ҽ֮죬ʹܵʿŷӦ
ǵɼֵ֮ץסУһαֱգɱһ֮ǰ˵ľüܲĺգȴƽĸףɼ£־֮£
ǰȥɲǾٽɼ̧ؿһ㣬һΪ֮ڣֱұۣһɼұֱӱһƬѪ⡣
ûֹͣٴһȥǵɼȻ
ʧȥ˫۵ĵɼĲҽУǰûκλ֮Ҵ˿нʿŵһ֮𣬸˸Ӫȡ
ҾҲȻ
˫ָºɼ˫ȱѪģһƣΪ֮ƣڻȥ˴̧֫ŵɼݺݵһġ
֮ɼֱӻصڵѪ˫һƬǲҽҲ
һ֮£ȻķѪɽȴûһϣ˦䣬ȫȥ
ɼԪشȴûǴѪɢзɳãȻһ֮оͱһץס䲱ӡ
ݺݵһ󣬺һһܣ
ѪȵһĻЩʿһ׷׺Ȼ˺ˮǰķ״󺺣ͷƤ飬˼ֱӺˡ
˵˲䣬ȴ͵תŵ˫ۣĶ󺺵ϡһһºӶݸ졣
ʦ֣ӵתһΣɲǾͳǴ󺺵̧ǰֱһӶȥ
Ǵ󺺷͵ת˫֮ݺݵһģֱӾһ
֮죬ǴѪ˫ֱ֮ӱҽӵŵŵ˺ɡ
¶ɱǰһȥֱӾ׷󺺣ָ£Ǵؿֱ£Ǵ¶ҧ⣬һѪѪһֱӾͻһѪɫ磬˷ɨ˷籩Ȼֱ֡
Ƿ籩ڣɫʹѪɫ籩ƿԻء
֮ԴֻܺδԲױԴҲѵãĿһɨû˿ͣ٣һƾѪɫ籩ϣָ£ںݺݵһۣͬȭֱһק
һק֮£Ѫɫ籩ȻǷ籩ڵǲ֮棬ױԴԲǰҪ˵СС
ֵͺУЩķ籩ڴڵһżٺˣŰ˷ȥתɢӰ
֮ǰĲһ˷籩ֱֵ߳Ƿ״󺺵ľУһͳԡ
̧˫ָɽ󺺵ľֱһ㣡
ʦ֣Ҫʹһ֮£Ǵ󺺵ľȫѪҺתһɾ޴Ӿָĵطȥ
ɲǣڲҽȫƤһƬ԰ףڵѪҺ˲Ϣȫ˾ԶԶһ󺺵ĲһƬϺڣǸ߸߹һ޴Ĺİ
İУ̺ȫѪҺڵѪ˲
һϺɫĹİͬȪһѪ϶ܣֱһѪҲ˵ĲҽУĶǣ
ʹ࣬ݣʿҲ޷ܡ
һлûнѪҺܱһ㲻ʣȴǰһ֮󱻳ߵģ󺺵侱˿ڲҽдΧĿή˲Ϣ䣬ͼһ
˫͹ɫΪ£ȴû˰ɣˡ
ֻǣǴָڴûκεļ٣࣬ķ£ΪõĴ󺺣ӾҵĲУҽҲ˻ȴĹͷʼڻ
ͷҺ䲻ϵУͬԪһͬٵĳһĻпߣһĳ
ۿһܣһУһָ£ȫɢΪһϢջֵģγһ״
򣬾Ǹ״󺺣
ץһΣˮǰ̧˫ĿѾպϣҪˮͷֱӰȥ
һ֮£ˮӾ͵˫ۣȴߵںߵͬߣŤвԸ뿪ȴǿΪ£òˮ塣
ߵɢˮ˫۾ȴɢ࣬ա
ɢ֮ץǴȫֱˮڡ
֮ʦƿԼٻָɨһˮԼķŮӣתǿա


1658 ս
֮ޣҽڰ꣬ɱ顭ΧڴˣȻǲԸȻⳡɱ¾ôգκһˣҪ뿪ˣգǾսֻ䣬̧һָǿգȻ䣬ȴǿгһ޴Ĳת֡
ɱһͺһȥֱǰ
ֵڵЩдĽʿһѪڣҲȥڣһ𣬴ŷɱ
ɱ
һͬģءɼӣٺŮӣľüڣԼƵ˼޵Ľ֮ޡ
֮ޣֻʣ˲֮ˣˣȴڴ˿̲ηֵĵͺУˣ
ѹһָУǿϳֵĲת֣Ȼת仺𶯣һɾ춯صѹ֮ϴ·ʮʿֱѹȥ
죬ȻѹУʮֱ֮̾Ѫһ֮ȫһЩֱӱ
ʿ̫࣬ڶݵĿֻ֮ЩʿһŭֿϷѹ֮֮չս
֮ȫڷɳ׵壬ǰʩչѹ£ʮʿУͬһ磬ֱǼܶȥ
Ŀ꣬ɱ˵дܣ
ĿһɨʮʿУֵһۿģǵ굯ٵŮ֮ʹ񻹼ǵήΪˮʹ࣬ʹԻޣֲȥԷݣȥԷľòǱҪɱ
һ֮䣬ֻ磬ֱӾͳ˽ʿ֮Уһ·߹죬赲ǰĽ֮ޣһֵǰȥȻһѪ·
ЩĽ֮ޣǵͷ­ȴǱãγһͷ磡
ֵĳ£ڲϵͣʼ
һ·䣬ǱĿ仨ɫ䣬ӼٺˣΪǿڣ˿ȴǱ֮ǰһ𺳣ֲĿ־壬ɿ־֮⣬ֵΪ
ȥָǺսʤɱԼɣ
һ˵ĸоȴʵ־ԽԽ
˺ִԶȴԽԽ߹֮ѪĽʿҽбͷ­ƯΪ˿̵һɻصơ
һ˵ʱʱ죬һ֮£ٽɣ˫Ŀͨ죬һͺ䣬ǰ͵һһɨأʹǿҪֱӾͳǰʮ⣡
ɫ԰ףֵܵɱģ˿һҧһץоͳǸϤĹ٣
ٷǰ˫һ϶𣬻ֱ֡
ɫǰüĹǵת֮岢δ֮ȴȫÿһλá
һ£ǿպ䣬޾ײ˾صЩ˾̺˼ǿĳҲһ˺˿̵ȴǸͲں֮Ӳٴȥ
ۿԽԽɫ԰ף˼̧ݺݵİ˹֮ϣ죬һ֮£˲ơ
֮ġΡƢΡ˶ָ̧ٵ֣һ
һ֮£ȫȻһ࣬̾ʹ˾ʹ˿̵ȴǵΪǵ˿ڣں£ɱʿ
ɾʹ統һ޷ܣڵһ̿ʼѣֵٶȴǸ죬һɾģһɱȭٽһ˲䣬ֱһȭȥ
֮죬ֵϿգͷ­û֮Ӱ֣ȫһȭ֮ڣ֮Х
ԶԶһһĻĿģһȭǿ𶯣ܵʿȻˣÿʹһȭֻУһǧɴСӰϿֱӺȥ
ɲǣõȭͷϣͨƣȻײһ
һǿսڻ˷Ǿ޴ȭӰͬʱ¶ѪӺ˵
ͬѪһս𣬲ǵ֮Ӱǲ½ˣ
ںвȥѪеĿ־Ũϧĳ̶ȣԶԶسһʿΪף֮ˣֻһҪԶԶж֮ޣԽ뷨ԽǺ
Уֲƣһγɱ͸ľģɫ԰ף˫֮ǰһָȴеɫĹâֱӻûһѪ֮ǿյսϣֱ
Ѫ֮ѹְ˷
֣ҲοҪ񣬴̶仰ﻹû˵꣬ȴǸȻһŤļУǷһͨ˺
Ϊ˵֮ʱֵУȻǰѺɱĹ
˺˲䣬ǰһȥǰУһӣɢóΪԷöԷͨʩչ
˿־˺ɲǣ̧һָеͺȣ

һֶȻһ٣Ҳһ٣ӵѪһ֮ѣһٵʱ䣬ȴֱӾ׷˹
׷֮ʣ˫Х޾ˮƵ𣬻ɽõĴѣǰ׷
һУֶֻѣʩչĿģΪƳһʽ磡
һǿкȻһѪ£ӳ˺ϣ
磡һͺ̾ͳĺۼҽձ˺͵ת˫¶Թ֮ɫԲӶݣֱֶ
ص˵˲һͨԿ֮춯أƬ̼䣬ӵŵźˣɫҰףѪ
ֵͬ˺Ѫ˺󼸲ȴһΣٴγһ̧һͺӡǿպȻ
Ǿ޴ӡڳֵɲǾֱ·
ɫ䣬˫֮ȫ̾ȻǰͻһģӰûӰʵĶߣ
½֮ޣߵ㵱ĳ֪һô
һͨʶһ٣˫¶֮ɫôҲû뵽־Ȼ֪£
һɲǣѪһѪ̧֣·ݺݵһնȥ


1659 ս
ɱˣһ򽲾ĻĻǸǶ˲ŵս£ȴǿãʱİգǵ˳뻯ĳ̶ȣ֮ǰһҪʩչѪʱֱ㲻˼ó֮
˹һԤŵһͨӶݣΪұ֤ûһľģ
Ƶ˼ޣӡҪµɲǣٴ׼ʩչѪͨʱִ˵һ𾪵Ļ
һ仰ȫ׼֮ʱս֮Уûֻһ𣬵һ𣬶ʿ˵ȴ
𾪵˲䣬ӡֵУѪ̧ǾĿѪһ֮Уն쿪һ㣬䡣
һжǵʯ䷢Ĳ˼飡
ɲǼ䣬𶯣϶ӡ£Ѫն£һ˵ɱ٣ǺصĲҽһֱӱ
ҲͬѪǰսѪͨʩչܱӡڸǣ䱬ȴǴ塣
һ֮£˺˰ɣٴѪ
ɱһˣԼҲˣһȴֵ
ɱĹУܽڽʿɱȻѪɺӣɱ¾֮£һĲҽвϵĻǿڡ
Ѫ˺еϢͻȻһΣԶֱƶһα֮ܿʱ͵תȴһХֱӴ͸ɨǿգԶ˺һ޴ǿѷ졣
ִ˿͵ϮģԶǵΧɱֵһܣǺߣһڹ֮˿̽âһһֱֶ֮
˿ˣɱʱ
˫ۺ˺󣬺Ȼ仯һƬɫֱӾͳʿɱĽ֮޴ڡ
Բɣһɨ֮¾ͰʿڴҽУһɢһ߾߱Ѫĺǣɢ
ǺɱŨֱ׷
ѸɢǱֵĽʿ̶̵Ϣ䣬ʿ
˿̣ǺٶԽԽ죬һֱ֮ٽڹ⽣̧֮ݺݵһնȥ
죬
ǽٽɲǣȻ۳壬ڷŵ£ָ˴롣
˿۳֣˫ۺâɱ˸ٵɲǣ̧һơ
󣡡һ֮£Ĳת֣˲֣ǰǰݺݵһ֮£Ӵתֱ֣߶ȥնµһȻһ
ߵĽһ٣ȻѪͬģҲһ֮£Ȼķѣ
󷨲תֵѣȴûаʹ֮ɫ¶֮âЦ˫̧ȭһӡ
ɣ֮һ֮򣬴˿黯֮գ󣬿ֻּ䣬Ǳ̻һ֮ɨ˷֮£Щ֮
ÿһϢ˲Ϣı̬Ȼ͹ı֮ǰնµĽһؼĽ֮࣡
⣬
ִһ˦УϢȻɢֱЩʿȥһĲҽ˲ϢĺȻʿ
ǵѪĽǿȾһƬ죡
ɱɱһڣǲѣǰһȥ͸˱ֱߡ
ΪΪٽߵ˲䣬ָͲȥԷʩչʲôͨǰһ֮У֮䣬ǰһγ˺𶯡
ѪӺ˼ɫ˫֮±ͨûһֿ˫ĿϣڱĿһ̣һж١
˫ĿӼٶߣߵͨд͸˲ǰ̧ؿڣָһۣȭ֮͵һק

һ߲ҽкˣؿ֮䱾ԴϢйһץȭͷڣ˿̣˫ֺۣݺݵһȭߵĲֱԴ
ߺ˵ɲǣһӣѷ֣ץе߲ʶǰ͵һӡ
߲ʶŴĿ߲֮âХ޷ݵٶֱӴؿڣ˫־֮ɫǲѪ˸졣
Ҫ׷˲䣬Զһɱ϶ȴһŮӣŮ£һƬɲǾٽ֣һɫĲʴֱ˸־
ŮؽȻ֮ǰɱȴ߳˶˵Χֱ֡
ԶٺӵŮޣͬɲһ㣬ɱܣս
ͬ佻սģǽеһŮ˿ɼɱɼԲУȴסԷ
Զʿ֮࣬ˣȴȻʮ˻ɱ¾֮ǿڻص
͵ת¶֮ɫ⼸ܲⳡս㲻ͷɲǣüеĹǵڣ¯ֱӻûһ֮£ǿգǰߣȫڡ
¯ɢһ֮ƶأƳһ˲˺Ȼ
¯϶˺¯ȴǺѽ˿֮£Ҫ鿪
һΣϥ¯һѪ¯˫һüģȻüĹǵȫɳһһ¯ϡ
üУ˲ĽɫѪɳһѰ£¯ںϣʹô¯ֱӾͱɽ⡣
ѪԹѪ¯ѹִ꣡һ˦ԴͨºȻһ޴ʯţѹ¯ϣ
ʯŵĳ֣¼תִ˿̵Ϊƶת޾
ͷڳˮϥ¯ϣ˫ͨ죬طһͺ
ǰءɼӣٺǰסܣ㹻ʱ䣬ٴ󣡣
˵ͷ֣ȥסܣǶʱ䣬޷ֹ֡
˫¶񣬼Ȼⳡս߲ʵսϹϷȻⳡսΪĳĿĶҪС
ôҲͺ⣬ý֮ȫԴ˽սȥˣѰʲô


1660 սģ
ֵȻ˽ʮͷ­Щͷ­ڴ˻ǿսУɱ¾֮ںһ
ɣɢұ󣡡¯ϣ̧ƿһգɳͷ­ת֮»޴С
кȻת˻춯أתȻΪ˲ת֣ʹ󣬳֣
ĿΪ棬ĿΪ٣ٵɣٴ󣡡Ʈ仰ﴫʣͷ­ȫɳǰγһ޴С
дʵ֮䣬ƲƬǿգһƬŤģתغصһٱԴϢɢ
Ƭ̼䣬гͣٴ֣
ɫأһָǿƯУʱǿڣ٣ת֣Ȼͼٵһֵǰ˴չص
ص֮Դγɵ󷨣ȫĳֶ
ҪһͬԸ׳Ԫ񣬳ΪԴ֮飬ƶԴת֣ıǿչǳתɱ˵зҽ֮ˣɫأת󷨣ҪһԪ򣬳Ϊ飬Դ˷ɷӳȫ
仰ﴫ˲䣬ʿУһʿԥֱϥԪϣֱǰصԴתֶ
Ϣ䣬һԪ׷٣ת֮ϣһɲǣתֺתһȻ䣬ͷһ֮ߣ޾Сľ޴֣
⳵֣ɢ١Դһת֮£ع켣ı䣬һ֮УǿտԱ
ԴͨУǿһʽһҲֻ۳һ֣Դں϶ɣеڶ
һԪ񣬴˿̾޴ĳ£Ϊƶת飬ͺƶǾ޴ת֣ʣʮʿתȥ
תһȦ
ѣǣȻ˱ǿƱеûκϢڣʮʿֱӱнɣֱ壬Ȼ
һȦƶתҵһԪ񣬾ȫûȥƶڶȦʱ֮ˣȫϥ£ľüҲͬˣµ˲䣬ǵԪֱӷɳȡǿյľ޴ת£һͬƶ˵ķ֣ٴת
֮صǿգȴǾ޴ת֣ٴתһȦɲǼ䣬֮ޣ޷ݵ£ֱ֮ӱ
ѪɺӣƮǿڡ
µĽʿ⾪˵ı¿־嵽˼ޣǷˣǺµһ̣Ӷݣ
޷ǲȥҲˣ
ɱܣ˿ҲǺȻһ˲һе˺ѳ˵ΧǿռߣΪ˿Ӷ֮£˲ϢԶߡ
ЩȻɢĽʿ֮޵Ԫ񣬼Ҳûȥƶת֣ȥתȦ
ر˫ۣԪȻΪܣΪɵۣԪ֮Ծ죬˿̳֮󣬻һһ㣬һ֮תǰݺݵһ
ͬʱɼӣٺŮӣͬʱ˫ĿԪȻԶˮҲͬƵĻָɳԪ
˵ԪӴתǰ֮ʹתֺת˵Ȧ
Ȧתɲǣǿձı˲ƬܺɨЩӳ˺ԶĽʿ޷ӹһһӶбתָıǿת֮Ȼ塣
תת˵Ȧ󣬻ת£ȴ޷ɵȦ˫ԪֱӷɳתȻһ
һ֮£תٴתڣ˵ȦȦһתǿһ֮ںн֮޵ȫԪչһξĺɨ
ɨ£днʿһطȫһ֮£Ȼ
ǵΧɱֵɨ֮£һֱɢ
Ψһں˽ת֮Уǰһƾ½ϵͨǰƿأ˺һѷ죬ɫ԰׵һ˽ȥҴ档
һУˣ
ת⣬Ԫήңһһص˸Եڣڻصһ˲Ѫ׷ˡ
ҲͬѪԴת֣˵мĸɣǹҲ޷ܡ
ʿͬתⱾԴ֮֡ͬģûбɱһԷַҲûа취ý֮ˣͬתⱾԴ֮֡
ꡭִ꣡ƣ¯վӣ¯ǱԴ֣֮Զȥ
꣬ػ


1661 
Ĵ򣬴˿нʿȫǽתĶУɢ
ߵģΨһŻң˺ѷڼٶߡһˣûת֮£ˣ䣡
ǽʿУּɵߣǵܳһĻĻû棬̹һ㣬һ˲䣬ԥʦµı
ʦǰǿںϣŲ޽磬κεطɲǻص̫ǳڼ̳һ֮鿪
öߣʹҲʹãֱգԼ
˵֣˿̵Ϣȣǹ֮ǰĴսУȴ˺صƣɱǲ֪еڼͬҲ¯ѹһ
ģȴںԴת֣γɵת֣֮۴ƴȫƶĵȦֽƣ
ΪڳΪһٴﵽ˿ڣĸɣƣ
ɫ԰Ѫû֮ǰǿһͻӵ£˫ۣȴȻ˼ᶨĺâ
ûûе£˵ػĻ
ֵǾ仰˵֮ʱԶǿУ˾ͽϵǧʿҲңңˣǵĳ֣ȴûвǳսһδˣΪ˳⣬ػ˵ػߡ
ֵȥûʱȥˮһϤ˵仰뿪ˣʱȣĽȻƽΨԼ֪һУֻһʼ
һУֻǵһˡ
ĺƽ٣У󣬽һ۷֮ڽ⣬ȫĸɸɾ
ϾЩ½֮˿ⶴ֮ȫҲûйϵܱٹֻ֣֮꣬УҲеܣҲһڶǿߣ
飬־ģԼļƻһͷƻ磬ƶԴת֣ǿնȥ
֮ľüȥӰҧ´˫û˸ӣеֻã֮ͷĶߣ֮ǰֵĻþòɢ
ֵܲĺգȴҶƽĸסľü̧Ǿףеãɢȥ¶ᶨ֮ɫһԾͬһɫķˣȥ֮׷ȥ
ԶˮԪλ˫ۣ˫Ŀɢ֮յķŮӣ̾һڡ
ʶô
ǷŮӳĬƬ̣ͷ˫Ŀˮϣص˵ͷ
һ࣬¶ȥ㲻Ҫԥ֮һЩһԥˣͻʧȥˣҪҵꡭˮ׷䡣
㡭ΪʲôҪҡŮӵͷ֮ڡ
ˮĬã¶ɬҡͷû˵Щ˵ڣ˵ϳԷԼŮͻ˵ȴ֪ô߶Է
˺ܾãŮˮǷ¶֮ɫ벻ף̾Уתǿȥȥķ׷ȥ
Զϥվǿգ˫ۡ
֪һЩ࡭統ʦ˵Щһң޷ȥţֻѡƭԼǿûѡƭԼȥԡ
ľüǷŮһͬȥɲǣһŲδԾ֮ȥ
ǳڣһŮӣ֣ӷ
ⳡս֮󣬽֮ʣģˣӾʮǰƺһսʱĽڽʮ֮ޣھʮʱУ˾ų֮ࡣ
ʣģʿȫ
ⳡά˽Ĵս֮ңδй֮ˣͲļܣˣлģҲǷ׷
û㹻ʹǾָҲǼΪпܣһ޷ٴδﵽ۷塣
еǣⳡսֻʣʮſţʮſǣΪʿ֮ء
ҲΪ˽ڣµ磡
˾ͽϵ˵ػ£˷׷ѡʮſϣһһϥɣиЩóʿƣ˾ͽϵǧʿֳһӶػ£ȥտȥѰһЩҩݣҪƵҩ˵ĻָһЩ
һУƶ⼸ʿҲʼϢֻǲδɣһսûս
˿̣ĵһϷɳֱʧ֮ǳڣͬһŮӣŮӣٺӵĿܣŮӣ
أƳ޵ļˣ˿֪ݡһδδսеľٶȴӮ˵ء
ʮǰãսˡ֮󣬱ͳĬԵûп˵һ仰
ڵĬĬĶȹꡣ
ִƣƶԴת֣ǿУƺۣƺȱڣǷȱڣǽ
ҪýڻȱҪֻҪһ֮һǧҹҹ
ʵԲôʵƭԼѰһİĵط¶ϣܣҲԸ
ǰУǿкХ֮Դתƿ֮ĿеĹâƣڸǣƶת֣ߡ
ʱȥƺı߽磬һӰ⣬һ
ƺǿУû˵ʹﲻģǼΪѪϢһʯƯͬ档
ƶת֣ƺڼۣģǰƺһսս֮أƺڲĴ򣬵ٵһ˲ǺХ֮İ棬һɴӱԴתɢĿɨ
ɨ£ǰƺȱٵ䶯ܿɢȥʱǰԭŨ׵ɢʹһǧȱڣĿ
ȱ̺ۣͬ¶ķڣȥʼûгϣ֮Ҳ޸ȴһһʧ뿪ѷ죬Ȼ޷޸ΪǷڽķսⳡս£Ȼٱ
󣬲֪Ǻ˴죬Ľ죬һδεĻ֮ĳ£ȱУĴ
վȱڴ˳ĬŷʶɨһĴڣֻǾǣҲϢŷɢļ
ְ̾תĺǿڣһɫĳһɵܵϢХ
ɫĳڣһ߳ȴһ׷ֵģٺŮޣ


1662 
վڷȱڣֿٽٺŮޣӰһ䣬һ޵Ůӣվʮ֮⡣
òܻ֮ǲľüȴΪޣվһƮͬһ
ɫĲ԰ףƾݣһȴǿĸо
ϼŮӳֶֺĿ֮Ůڣƺܾû˵ԭ仰Щɬ
磬ϼɵֶۣŮӵв²⣬˿ţŮһȭ
ѱӡѹҡϼĬƬ̣俪ڡ
ɫ糣˫Ŀȴ΢һŮӣ˫к
ڼˣ˻һŮ˫Ŀһ֣֮󻺻ڡ
ڰϼ
ɱǸǵڼɫƽ쿪ڡ
ɱģڶģǵߵģǵϼɬֻȴɣûа١
ĿһУȻ˴룬˿Ҳ˵УǵٿɭĺŮӣ˱˹֮Ĺ޷
ų˹֮ĹأûвڴսĮŮӡ
ڵڶŮϵ࣬ҴһЩ˿ϿŮкԼС
ǵԼѹ¯У޷ȫ
ϼ˵Ϊ棬֮ǰߵǵһУֻʣˣֲδ
ǵһ
ƺŽѷ磬ԼŮӣ˺пҲ֮һǲ֪ǵһǵзӵͷһ
ӡѹ㣬дãҡϼڣ֮һɲ֮⣬ȻǳӸλ½Ҳ콾֮ˣʶǱʶУκ˶˻
üͷһ壬ڶԷΪڷսϣһ׼ǵԷ
ɾʱŮӻٴ
Уȥ⣬ļҲ͵дãҪȥ죬ػ꣬ʵûбҪһ𡭡ŮĮȫһֻǻûȫ˵꣬ȴüͷٴ˫۾һ
ˣкŨǰʩϼڡ
Ҫ󣬹ˣ
ʲôݣҲ˵ЩΪѣһ컯ʲôȥʲô³֮ĺôԻ𡣡ϼ˫Ŀһ𣬶֣˲
һ£ϼȻЦˣЦЦţһƬ䡣
ԭУȫѣڰȻĲЩҪĪ˵ȥɱⱻĳĵҲ޷㣬ˡѴִһ˦¶Ц
ϼֵͬĻﴫʱ˫ĿһоԼһЩʲô˽ⲻֻ֪࣬ǶԷǷӣһķΪ˽˺ܶ飬Ʃ֮ǰľսɱˡ
ȥԷһУΪֵͷϴָˣҲӦø֪һ飬˱Ӧ֮ˣ²Ŷԣ
ʶŻֳֺΪ𾪺ҵԷһϵɣδԷܾϾӣǶ˵Ŀһѣ
һѣ˶üĺô
ЦԼܾĻȴϼѹ֣Ȼڡ
ϴûк˵ΪʹԺδ
½ߵڣĳȻ֪ĿϼǶԷΪ飬Ŀʲôȴ˺ܶ࣬ͽˣȥͷŮӡ
˻һϼɫ䣬ŵŵʶ˺ʮɣɫ¶𾪡
е飬ĳ֪߰ɣĪҪڳĳǰֻ䣬Ůһۣ俪ڡ
Ůɫ԰ףٴκɫ仯ն֣һҧ
Ȼ֪һУβ֣Ҷѣһѣһ컯
½Ҳǿ֮һһҿΪӣһͿ뿪ⶴΪߵˣ½ʿݣ½ʵ磬֮ﶴҪ򱶲ֹ
ֻ⹦ͣ˻Ϊ½һϯ֮أǸʱҲСɽ磬ΪӲ١
ɫƽŮӵĿ⣬ƽԷĻû˿ġ
߲¶ˣɱȵ½ǿ֮һЦ½ҲֻһСˣߵڣҲֻһСɶѣҪѣк塣
㡭㾹Ȼ֪ϼɫٴ˱仯¶֮ɫȻ˫Ŀһ뵽֮ǰ֮뵽Щ
ҹǿ֮ϣƾߵڵݣĳ㣡ɱȻһĿֱŮ˫ڡ
Ůɫʱ˾ңУٲ˵󼲳ۣһɫ磬Ѹȥ
߲Ի취ѣȴΪ컯Ϊˡɱ𣡣ɱⶴȡⶴ֮߳˵أ̤
ĳһ޵Ҫôȥ߹ȥ΢ȥ˴
û֣֮߳ĳҲеһ캺ӣЦⷬû˵ص
Ŀ⿴ŮߵķûȥʶԷйر֮££Ҳٲȥʣ߳½а취֪һУ
ûгɹôҲû˿ıҪͬҲжǰһɺ顣
תջĿ⣬ֿǱķ˫¶һ֮âǰһȥٽչ¶һƬķǰϥ˫ĿϣΪתǿ֮
ֵɣƺԪӰ˷׷ڣתȫ֮±Ԫգʹù֮Χָͬʱ
һץӡıԴ֣һһ֮ЩԴ̱֮֮УӿȫԴڣʹ䱾Դ֮ٴκصĻת
ΪԪҲֻǿϹָ֮ӿ죬Ϊȴû˿İ
ڵУҪΪҪָΪֻһǾǱԴ
ʱţʱ˫͵Ŀ¶һɾѹ
ұ㽫䳹׻ȥ֮ޣؽһ󣡡


1663 
Դ֮۶ȫŲ𡣵ڽڴ˵ϡ٣Ϊһֹ֣˳ΪڳΪһ˻߱Դ̫֮࣬ѻָ
ֳΪû𣬶ƾŸ鱾ԴԲƾɣ׻ʵԴɡ
һڵУҪҪģǱȻ۶ıԴ޾ԴͿΪָߣ
ͬģϣû磬ҲͲѰʿҪںϳΪһ壬أﵽԲĳ̶ȡ
ֵ壬ǹǳһԲĴڣʶڹ֮£ڵΪɱڴܣ
ǿڣҲһսֻʤۣɱҲΪѣ
ߵĵ·κʿȻͬ·߲Ҳ䲻һչ˵߲ҲҪֻյ޶ġ
ֵĵ·˵û߹ȴΪѣ·յ޾ޱȡΪʿҪԼıԴٶٴԲ֮󣬾Ϳߣ
̤󣬻õıԴԶ޷״ɣȻԻõߵԴԻõڰ˵ھŵʮԴ
ң𣬹ʶıԴڵ޷ɵȱݣҪģѰһ߸ߵԴһߵԴɣͿԴﵽڣ
ǵڰ˵ԴٴγҴɣΪɳ۷壡
ŵԴ֣̤󾳣˺žŹһдǻۣ컯ʹþŵԴȫںһ𣬻һ½֮ΪյɿͿȥԵ٣˽ǿսٴ
ս٣֮٣û⣬Ϊ֣Ҫԣ
˽٣ֳ֮Ϊ٣ΪŴΣŴȫɹɳɹ̤սپ
ǿҲֻǶɹ٣ûȥԵĴΡ
ε𣬸һζûжɹʼͣڿԲ۷壬նеĹûһ飬޷ʧܺź
ڽڶ֮ޣ֮ҲвһЩΪգʱҲֻһˣƾŶ֮޵ݣɹٵڰ˽٣ֻҪٶɹһΣͿɳ
սϹ䵱ڶɵʱʧܣӦһ֪֪ģսϹ֪ģȻһĪԵ
ⳡԵΪӲĶȹ˵ڰ˽٣ڵھŽǰֹ
սΪ½֮ΪΪȻվ˵۷壬Ǵ˵еһͿ̤գ
߲𣬱ǿսٴ𣬵ΪȴǿսٴԲǿսڣ
ڣȴ½СԿɣߵڣ
Щ飬֪ȫ棬˿̵ҲϾȥ˼˫۵һ̣վӣӰԶԶȥߴ󣬵ȴһƴںȻվ֧ͬǿգıŽڣӵĻ󣬸һ˵İȫ֮С
˫Ŀ¶ƽ֮ɫǰһȥһ֮£˾̤Ȼķ֮ϣһ˸ԶԶ統Ĺâ
ĬУҽ̧ŷֱһ̤£һ죬һ֮УȻϹâ˸һƬƬϵػû޾λãȫ両ֶ
ʿ˿ҲǷ׷˫ۣǷ
һ̤֮÷ȫûֻȫֲ֣ſȻҪ󷨣¡
˽ڽֹֹ֣꣬ڳȥڽ˵ػߡԣҪһݣֱȭǻûķһݣ
ͬģΪĴڣʹҽڵĺеܣʹýڽȫɱĴڣҽ֮⣡̧Ƿݺݵһ
һ֮£ӡָ£Уָסȭ͵һק
飡һͺ£ȴקУҵĲһں𣬱ֳ
һóǹǹ̺޾֮ʥ
һǹȻߣ˷ԲǿӳյһƬ
ǹ飬Ե걻󷨺ǵһα𣬴Ӵ֮ھ޴飡
ųǹıǴƬڣһϸܵѷ죡
Ҳ֪Ǻ˴죬죬Ѳд棬ȥɢֻ²һ󣬴ֻΪҽڶֻΪҽڶ棬ȫҽ֮ޣٴ̧һǷĳΣ
κλסȭקУ̾ͳıޱ޼ص鿪
ֵǰɫѪһʹ󷨶Ѫ֮Уһʹ̾ؼ䴫һ޴ľͷǴȻûХ֮˷Ǵɨɢһɾİ⣬ϻкɫѪ£͸޾Ѫȣȴ뿪˷ֱӱɢֵĿС
Ǵ棬һ޴ĻͶʯûսޱȣͬǷ飬ϵĽڽ֮ޣ֮о󲿷֣ǽ֮ˣ
˿սȻķѻһܳɢˡ
ս֮󣬽ɣһѽ𵶻û֮ɫ죬УһԼǧɵɫӣöӡǣžž֮Ť
ڱӳֺ󣬷һһɲɣϢȻȴһѾ޴Ȼ̣µӣǲƵԹ꣬Լ֤ɱ¾
ɾֵ˲䣬ȴǺȻɢУʧ˷ڣ
һͬģһδȫ۳壬ֻһһ飬֮󣬱
飬˿
ɫƽɢķ󣬴ˣȻ˲תıصڿʼһ̣еʿȫǿеķ֮鿪֮ʹýڽ⣬һ̣ûκ赲
ڰ飬ҹʥ츫Ҫػ֣֮ҪҸһѡ񣡡̧Ƿһӣ£ڴΧıУڰ飡
֮֮ǰ飡
飬ǹһϷ츫
Ǻı£һ޴ĸͷӰһŨĹϢڻƯ


1664 ¼Ԫ
Ŵ˸ĳ֣ɢĹϢˣХ𣬾ǱеķʹôΪҡ
಻Ǳ˫ۣ·Ըܵƾõѿ츫ޱɱ¾丫֮飬޾֮ࡣ
ǸͷֵɲǣվǰƿõԹ꣬ЩԹģ仯֮ǿ츫ܣһµ˻УԶһ·һƬ͹ĸ
һĻͬ˸ӻȪƾˣ
֮û֮ǰһɢƯڰգԽӵʵ飬ڽһѡ
ѡΪѡ
ʱ仺ţǷĺԽֵ˰ʱ䣬ǿ츫Ưüͷһ壬¶ƽ֮â
ȲԶ׷ĳǱɢ̧ǷеĿ츫ֱһưȥٴչ˱ǿ츫һ֮£޴ĸתֱֶ
Ȼ䣬⿪츫ѳ˷ٽֵ˲Ȼ̧Ͽգһɾ춯صĺХȻն£
巨ҲңкһǰһȥӰһ֮УȻȴɲǼ䣬ǧɴС˹
ǧ֮ͬˣǿУվǷϣǿ츫Х˲䣬ֱ̧ȭǸͷһ
͵ɢʹǿһǷһƬƬ飬ǿ츫Ҳһ֮޷ն䣬ǺһȭͷϴĴֱϵ
Ҳһܣӵŵŵ˺ɣȭ֣һɼǵľ޴˺ۣ˿ڵĹͷҲѣǿ츫ǿޱȣ
˺оһƼٻָһץȴѪѪֱӾͳУһ֮£˽ХȻͻ˰֮ѪĿְ˷
ֳѪһζȥ̧Ѫ߾٣ֱһȥХѪɫâ۶ֱ츫
Ѿ޼᲻֮˿̺ײһ̾ͱǺУһһϵײǿ츫в磬Ͼ˲ٿأƾ趯Ƭ֮Ǻص䣬ڽڰˣ
Ǹϣһۣ丫ɢĹâҲ˸
ٸһѡĳΪһ£дͺȡ
һǸͷл֮ʱǿձһ޴ѷ졣
ϵѪһֱɢͬʱǰһȥɲǾٽǿ츫ԣ⸫ͷѷڷϹ֮ɢɲǣһѾץסǸѣ
һץ֮£ֺݺݵסƾǿ츫Ҳ˿޷ѣʱȴǸͷϺȻһõĹ֮Ӱ֮ӰӸͷŭӣȴһĺХֱȥɡ
ԶԶһһĻĿֻǸͷϵ֮ӰԸͷΪǧ֮ߣ޴ޱȣ׶һ㣬ԽԽΪӴͬͲɢڸ߿ʱ
ģӰǿ츫飬˫쿪һĺХͺУ·ȥ
ǰֵǧͬ׳֮𣬿޷ֿȴ˫һɣӰһ
ңΪΪŴУңһֵʱǵͷ­ֱӻûɭɭڣһͬȥ
·ǿڣ쫷ɨǿ츫ӰϣӰҽƼΪη壬͵˺ֱķѣȴٴۡ
֮Ӳֱȭһݣȫǿ츫ڣɢ
츫ƽ
Ŵ˸ҧһѪһѪɫӡȻ⸫ӡһ֮£ȥʧ
һгĿ츫һΣȫƾԼǿнѹշǵõ꣬Ϊ޷һ㣬һİ£ſǿ˸ٿء
ֳ־޸׷Ʈҡ˿̵֣ȸϵĵ񣬼ûκ
һӣ⿪츫㾫⣬ֱüģʧ
ͷ·Ǵڱеķ˫¶֮âо飬һΪǿ󣬵ڣԲٿء
ŵȱڣһϵķ֮곹ʹһ飬ҲʧȥһЩ
ıҲһĹϵ
ָ̧ƣǷʩչһӡӡһģ֮£ݺݵؿסȭ
Ǳеķ󣬷һǿ֮ǰ֮£һ壬شڱĳ
һѺۣЩѷʮһȻǰǰո£ѷȣԶûǹɲɣµϢ
˶ѷ죬ǿԿϿһ֣
֣ʻ򵥣Ȼһɣ
ɣ
Ŵ屻ӡչյ߽⣬ϣһƬƬ˽Ĵ
һεıǳ׵ģȫģǲתģ
Ĵʣʿȫ˸֮ۿǿƱ޾Ƿ˽ڵķڷ飡
ƺڣľüŮӻӷŮ˿̻磬˴һͣǿУ֣ǻһξ롣
˿ȴıУʹ޷ǰУ˴һ𣬿ŽǿһƬƬķ飬ִ𺳣Ůɫһ԰ס
壬ĬƬ̺ǰһӣһ֮䣬峹׵Ĵڷɳ˴ɲǣ޸ˮ㣬һķѣȫĻһƬĩ
ѣǰ󣬺Ȼ
һ̣û˷Ļƣһ˲ٺȫ¶˽̫ǳ֮С
һɲǣ죬ƺȫȫĽѳ
ڽ⣬Ľ죬ûκ϶ΪһڣΪһ˼еķһ̣߽⣬ɢ
û˷赲ͬɢһ˲䣬дܣ׷ɫ¶֮ɫأҲû⡣
ٷ֣ˣ
ǵһ飬һģںɱ˽ʿ󣬽֮ˣ
֣עҪ磬ȥΪǷ𣬲ߵڵķ𣬲߲£׼Žʿ߳ⶴһĽ


1665 ٣
٣һн۳һµĴһ֣ڽڵĴµĿʼΪɱļƻĵһ
Խ̫ǳϢһ˲˽еǿգϢİͬҲϤġ
ʱǷûгֵʱ򣬽ڽ⣬ȫһ壬ϢڵҲǿգ˺ʿɣһܣ۳磬һ֮ȡ
ŷĳ֣Ϣȫĳ˽ڣûʣ°㣬һ˴˺ǶԵѭʹýڵ޷Ƚϡ
죬ɵϢٴλص˽ڣͬڼű󣬸Ŷһգſӻص˼磡
İ͸ϤϢĴ˵Ϣʹ︴ڿţĴڣȴýǲʤʿǣ˶δϣ㽣ȷһɰȻ
һڳ˽ʱǲϵ߽УȫıɢʱǱĺǿմ˷ص
Ǵ뵽̫ǳ̫ǳڣЩʿһ𶯣һЩΪߣ˵Ĵ֮׷ӷǿգңңĿڵķ
ǻĿ⿴ȴĸ̫ܵǳڵϢＱӿȥҪһ㡣
֮УҲ֪˭һɳţĽ֮ޣɳһ磬̫ǳĸطֱڣ
Ҫۿһ󣬽ڻΣ
վǿգɫƽȻɢķ󣬸ǴߺХ̫ǳϢ˫ۣ¶Ĺâ
̧֮˫֣ǰȻһӣдһ˽Ĵ򣬸ǻصǿյ
粻죬ȴʹ֮ˣȫ
ĳȥ󷨣
ֻﴫ˫ۻУǱƶ˵Դתֱ֣֮ӺХǰ
֮ںһת֣Ȼܷʮɻ˰ǧֱ޾
֮£󣬳Ϊµ󷨣
ɢ֮춯أϵУ˫Ŀ֮â̧һָǿա
һΰսУǿеʿ֮ǰһδսУɢڵ顭֮֮飬߳󣬳㲻𡭡
ֵ͸һɱԴ̺֮һ򣬴˿̴֮УһƬƬεĲƣⲨΪģɢ߹ƺ졢顢ٺӡ
ĻصȴǲƹһʮɫӰһһĻûЩӰһѰѽȸָķ
Щȫ𲻿ѾɢȻ֮ϣȴ飬飬ֵܵĺΪ㲻ԣĸֳݵĳĬ󣬱һХȴЩ֮飬˿ȫֱԴ۵תֶȥ
֮һһں֮£ʹǻڲŵת֣һɼǿϣں֮ɢ
һ֮飬ǵ˴ѾҲ֮ɢڣڤڤ֮ȴֻأЩ֮飬˿̴ֻ߳Ĵһսڣһӣһһںת֮С
룬Ǽŵת֣ӵƣ
һδսУ޹ǣл꣬иսУգ֮֮Уǻɫ¶˫ۣ
һ˲ĴһƬƬտǿУͻȻһģõӰһһû
Щڶ࣬Ѿ𣬵ȴڣȴǲԸɢֵ£ŵУЩǻ꣬¶
Ĵڣ֮ĳ֣һƬƬһʯһ鿪Ĵ½׷һ
ĴĺХ֮УЩʯĴ½һ֮꣬˷ֱŵԴת֮ϡ
ǳں£ʹֱԴת֣ӵʵʵڵ壬˳Խصѹ˫͵һӼ䣬תڲϵ£սƺ֣ӣٺӡȫĸǣ
֮ޣһɫǿ£Ǻȡ˱ķת֮ǵ飬һ
ץ֮£һµ󷨵ĳΣ˽ڣϵȴûǽ̫ǳϢ˽ڽ֮䣡
󷨣һ޾Сת֣Ĵڣ֮Ҫƾãĳ֣һʱĿ٣
ҽڵ޾֮ޣɱ¾֮ؼ벻ֻصĲл꣬ȴҪΪֽȲл꣬Ϊƶת֮ū꣬ѣ˫͵̧֮£Žǿһ
һ֮У籩籩ۣͨŷ籩ɨһΨԼſԸܵ˻Ĵͬʱص
ȴǿУһŤĲл걻ĳײ֮ɫлû˻˲ϢͳΪ˿־壬ֵ籩ɨЩⲻʶĲл꣬ȫת֮У
Щл꣬еսҲкܴһ֣һδνڽսϹšԶ֮ˡ
籩ХľüŮɨƺ죬ٺӣءһĲл꣬˻־壬ձǿеһһӡתĴ֮ϡ
ƺһսս֮أǲл࣬ʮлǵأû֮ȫת֮
ڣлʮĺХ£վ
Щл꣬ǽ벻ֻأ޷ǱѾνĲл꣬ʵֻǰԹû۳ǰֻһεԹںԹµ飬ײ֮
ԹʿӰܴЩΪߵʿνħȫЩؼĲԹ꣡
ڣεսĽ֮л룬أ۵ת£Щһһ֣ǵתںϣǵ˫ƶӴת֣ϰĲлƶ£תֺת
ÿһεתЩл귢ʹ˻𣬷ѹǵĻһԽʹ࣬ƶԽ
ѭ
ڣһδսսˣǰĳĵǣִǵӢ˯ǻѡǿԸΪĲ飬Ϊҽ֮Ĥ֮꣡
Ըĳ룡˫ֱȭǿһݣ


1666 
һݣɨڰǿաĴڣһɳ˯Ļ֮꣬Ĵѡ
һݣӢսҫҲãҲգεƴֻΪɱ޾սеĽ֮ޣǵĻֵ꣬ĻصУƳһ
һɱζһ˲䣬ӽĴڸλã
ⱯЩӢ꣬ǾлɴڣĬĬעŽڣУֻأ
ǲֻأ޷ֻأֻǿڻԹ뱯ʼմڣҪȽ̫ǳ֮ȫһ죬Ҫȷ󳹵ױһ죬ҪⳡûյսǷнһ죡
ĴڣֱȭһУû̧ͷǱ־ݵĶͷڸĿеıˡ
һõĲл꣬ǿڻûЩлУʼֵģǽڽδзʱԶʱʿǡ
ԶĵһܵԶ̻ܻ֮£ĵһ
ǵţͬҰˣǻڴϢȴǳ˶صĸǣڷĳһ֮ʱãſ־壬Ҫ󣬵ȴһһ
˿̣̫̫ãǵӢ걻ٻ˽ĴУĬĬĿƺ֡
ֵ֮ģһĴɽδǰϹ֮ޣ˵Ĵɽеˣ
Ǿܲ½ɣֵУǣɣΪ˳ڣڷ޾֮ࡣ
ڽһδУһӢ꣬־ܵͷݣȴǿܵ
ļǵã߲֮صһοͨǵļ䣬˷ƴһҪȴһһ𺳻档
գЩ˲л꣬󣬵һα˴ٻ
֮󣬱ʱսսʿ֮꣬һһû֮в٣ģȴİ֮ˣڴ˿̻ûĴɽ޾֮꣬ȴȫΪսǵҪ˼ס
ڵһδսУ̫̫ʿȴδһˣΪЩʿ죬ԶʱûУϹɽ֮ʱͬûУֻֻ֣һ̣һȥս꣡
ǿԸɴ飡̧ͷĴûԹɵһӢ꣬Ŀڡ
ֻĳڣڽ޾Ӣ꣬һȻŤһɹεϢֱֶ
ǰģһԶʱʿģĿǰ⣬Ŀһۣű־Ƶ֣ȭһݡ
һ֮һ֮гԴת֮ڣĸԸΪ֮һ
ĺ棬ԶսĻ꣬һһ٣ȫְ⣬һݣԥģתڡ
Ǿ̺ǰԹ˿̣һ֮УȴԹ޻ڵתִںϣȥΪǲ飬ΪڣսΪڣս֮Ĳл꣬Ҳȫ׳֡
ǣӢۣΪӢ꣡
һһʮʮУΪսԶӢ꣬˿ȫ֣һһǰǻһˣ٣һ֮󣬳ת󷨣
֮󣬱ϹʿĴɽˣԷ׵粻ͬɽ磬ǰڣȴͬĽڵѪǼ£ɻ꣬ȴǽ֮꣡
Ϊˣڻ꣡
½ĳֵǰǵһֱȭһݣתһ֮£ںϡ
һĻĻ֮ˣ֮ˣʼձǾݵĶһδ
ЩӢ֮һսУȥĵѣһһ٣ǻϤİĻӰһǰ£ԥĳתҴ
ЩУһЩΪУһЩйʣ˿̣ǵĻ꣬ȴͬػȥػڣ
һɱ׳ϢǿһĻĻ˴˿̴ӽ̫ǳ˷ХһʿĿУһɫȻһĻ𶯡
죬ʮſϲдĽ֮ޣ˿û˴죬׷Ǵվǿձȭһݡ
ӣ˾ͽϣɼӣصȵһʿ⣬ȫ˲Ϣ䣬ɫ͸𾴣ǿһݣ
ǣһطڵĲĽʿһ˲䣬ҲȫǵǰֳսһĻĻǿһݣ
Ǵ˿ƺ򣬾һξ룬һľüŮŮɫ͸ǴһһĻӰȭһݡ
Ҳͬһ̣ڣһտǿУսϹɫĵ䣬վǿУŴһһƯĻ꣬¶˸ӡ
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ǣǲ֪Ե֪ʲô֪һ˵ܡ
սϹ¶Ϊⶴڵĵһޣˣⶴڵ֮һ
飬˿ֵٻӢ£ıʹˣվ¶ã֮ȭЩӢ꣬һݡ
һݵɲǣɫͻȻ¶Ťʹ࣬һڱֹȥЩ½֮ޣ
ҿ԰㣬㲻ֹȥЩεĻ꣡սϹҧһһֵ˵˻ǱǣƣԶȫİȥ
ͬʱٺڣ֮ǰ߹ʶɨҲûзֵһƯǿյʯڣӻ˫ۡ
ɫƽǿУǱٻһ꣬Ĭã߳ʯվϣԶȥ޾Ӣꡣ
ӦǳǶ⣬һ˼ġΣҲǽʿеһȣϷһݡ̾һ˦ȭǿգһݡ
ͬٺڣҲûзֵһˣһֵ꣬Զѷڡ
ϥǿգһƬģͿ
˿˫ۣĿھһɫ¶
Щ΢Ĳл꣬кãһȺ֮ѣʦ˵ĵطҲǱ㲻ˣʱ䣬ʦҲˣߵڵĶԽԽ˼ˡ


1667 ػ˽
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â£ĿӴת·֮޲л걻ūۣȥƶתֻת
Щū֮ƶתУϥһȥĽӢ꣬ڶ࣬ϥתڣΪ˴飡
תֱƶת֮춯أǿգһת֮£תƱı䣬ʹý֮˿ͨȥ⣬֮ȴ޷룡
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̫Ϣ룬ʹýһû˶ڼƣڽʿϵһ̳׵ɢһա
нӢȫת󷨵ɲǣ˫̧͵һӣһͷ׷޷ԶƮƮ˫Ŀ¶֮⣬췢һͺ
ת󣬿
£תܷ֮Ϳǲϵ׳֮£ɲǾʹﵽ˾˵ĳ̶ȡ
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˿Բεתִ󣬾ʹڽȦӵ·ѽȫֺ˫һУһͺ£ϵԭڽǿ͡
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ʿ֮ս޹ǣķǵĻ꣬ܲʿԳأȴɴڣ޹ģգ֮ת󷨣ֻأ̧һָǿա
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ε𣬵ޣ޻껹ڣ桭ǿУĬƬ˫¶ϣһ֮ɢ
֮ʱȴ̫ǳڣ˿ɽ֮ϣ󱯰ɽصվգ֣֮һ˦ɽľݣ˻
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ģ֮ƽľڣε
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һڴ˷ԣѪ֮ϧһУƳ֮꣡
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϶βܾ˵֮תһȥɢӰ
ٴγ֮ʱ̫ǳһǿѷ죬ṳ̂ѷڣѷĿһ˰ʶ
չͻָ㻹֣֮ǰԼʹϣ
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һε֣ؼ䣬ӵѪ֮ˣ˿̤֮С
һƬ½ϣ𹧾վǰһݡ
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1668 ӵһ
ſƯĴ½ƬƳԲΣƽİĳĹ켣̫ǳڻص󷨣ʹһУûѪ֮ˣ޷
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Ӽʦ𡣡ĬƬ̧̣ͷǰƯ߲Ӱ˸ӡ
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һʱ䣬ڷ˵ˣʿ˵һαչأһδһζ
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ֲһó̸ˣǶŮӣǳĬʱӶ࣬ĽһҲĬĬ͵ĿŶԷ
תۼ䣬еĵһ꣬Ŷߡ
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ֵ˫Ŀ¶˺â̧ͷŽ̫ǳĿУһȺȺХĳ磬Щڣһ۳ʿ
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1669 £
һսⲻ֪Ϊ޵ƤëէһͲսһͷͷԶޡ
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ÿһľ֮󣬴˿ҡҷУԶԶһͬһצһĿġ
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߲֮֮䣡ǽɫĹ⣬ɫĻγɵһƬŤ֮УֻƽȴȺɫĹâɲƾճ֣Ǵǿ޶˴˲һ𣬺Ȼͻһ߲ʳǹ
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˲Ϣ䣬֮ǿմγһ纣һĲƣɨܣɢƶ£֮
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ʮƤսʿƶ£ǰսϵƤǱһƿƤһɲϹϵϢֱӾʹʮսɢ
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ʮսǳÿһϲſƶɣҪģÿһսϣһͷԶ֮ѹ
ԶޣǾⶴڵǵȣȴǵ߲ʵ½˺ܶ
ǲǵϣȴ½ϢЩޣ½ǵȼͬޣ
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Щʿű֮ģڱ׳֮ʱһֱӱĴۣǿ֮ת֮ϡ
ǰת󷨱ˮ棬ôЩʿʯͷӣˮ֮ʱһĲ
ڣսһδκ£׳ԽԽʿЩʿȫΪۣ֮ϡ
ֻǵΪֻתŤȴԻ󣬿ֵɫȴ˫¶֮â
Ծ
ߺصһʿǺϣǵӾܱȴһϢ֮ϡ
Ϣ̺һսʱͳսԽԽ࣬պȻϣЩʿγһķġ
ʱͻȻһսϣԭӦñ׳ʿӼһͶһսϻ̾Զɳдԭ˫ۣ˿ͻȻ¶׹ͬʱһھͽ׳ʿɣһΣȻսֱ󷨣
֮γɵķģһ㣬ʱⳤһеĳ
ⳤ˲䣬һսϣһԲһСӹޣֱ˫ۣײУȥ
ͬʱսϣеޣȫѣһһоͷ­ļ֮ޡ
һԶɳһײϣһײ֮£󷨺ҵŤתµūԹ̷꣬ĲҽУһЩ˲Ϣ
ӳԲεһͷԶ֮ͬһ޴壬ǳ棬ݺݵײ֮ϡ
֮˷ŤƼٻص
ţʮԶ֮ͬʱ٣ת󷨣𶯲
ڣܵ󷨵Ĳһͷͷޣ˫¶˺⡣
ԶޣĳҲУҲǻ꣬Զžޣ̧͵һָüġ
һָ£ֵü̾һг֣һɲɣϢӿţĹһ


1671 ô
ʮԶ޵ײ£ŤϣУֵǰûг֣ԸСڤޣȻû
ڤ֮󣬺ݣ˿̽ǻûһӰͰƬҪȫռһǾ޴Ӱһп֮ˣһǿѹ
Ӱһٵʵ֮УײʮԶޣȴһ٣׷׿ڤޡ
һĲʮ޵Ļ꣬һ˲䣬Ȼͺ䣬˺
ɼĲ޷ԿǺ¿־
ģڤ޵ȫ۳ʮԶȫ˺ڤޣ֣
һӴһ⣬̫һ壬ֱӾһʿǰ
ʿ֮䲻һɣ
ʿһӣԪܴ˿˴һһľ޴ޣʧȥһе˼
ڤͬɫͣ˫¶ãƻ˼ԼʲôطǰʿĿЩ˺ʮоµԶޡ
ԸеĵС̾ͱʶһ
һ֮£ǿ𶯣Ĳƻͬһɨܡ
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ֻǣһУȴͬ⵨Сڤŵһ£˫۵ãʱͱ־ȡͬ˾ֵĵͺ
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Ѫ⣬ʮԶ޺ʱٴδ̼⵨СڤޣĿеĿ־壬ﵽ۷һ㡣
ļڣԼҲǲǷǰЩޣ˿̵ȴǱЩ޵ŵˣǷ˽ĽӴǸʿˣоЩʵ̫ˣʵ̫ײˣʵֲ̫ˡ
ȫĿ־Уڤ޵˫ܾӾҵĲҪȥͬʱǱЩ޵ŵٴηһҵĺ
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ܣ˿Ҳһºɫĺˡ
Ǿ֪ܲ޵ͨΪΣһ˾޴ޣȻȻľһѹ
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һȥֱӾͳڤ޵ϣڤ޵̫һǺܼӲȴǲ֪ΪΣ˲٣Ͼȥ˼£̧ڤ޵һģһ񰲸ͬʱԱ˴˵ϵڤ޷һ
ڤⰲиոЩָ˫۵İɫɢٻʣ̾ͱֵ˸Ŀ־塣
ͷ͵һΣҡͷеĿ־壬ȥЩԶޡ
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ǣʿҲҪӣȴڤһģֹʿ
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ЩʿĿɿڴУִڤ޻ӣصڣĴڤûκԥɢӰٵüġ
һŵӶˣҪúõϢϢƽϢӾࡣ
ʮԪٻԶگԻдڵԶ֮⣬ʮᱣǿս˿̶һһĻת֮ǰ
֮ޣһӵľ޴ʯӵҡεĩ˩ŵľŸ޴Ĺľ
˿ڽʿڤ޵ĺȻУǾ޴ʯϾоŵļٵ˸˸ǾŵĻŵϢ˳ӣֱž߹ľ
Ǿž߹ľɲǣ֮ȴǾž߹ľĸӣ˲ϢȻķѣ
Źľӵ鿪һ˿˿ɫĳͬӲһĴǾŸľӶת֮£ǳǿڡ
ػҽǳµ̫Żֳ˾ŷݣվһٻ㲻֮꣬俪ɱˣͬʱĤݣҧԪѪѪҺһ̱ŸͷĹľʱա
һͬԪѪģд˿ǿڲдʿǵѪ뱻Ÿľմ
գ֮صǿգȴǾŸľȻһһ
һɹ񡢹ħϢһγһɵ֮ŸĹľڣ
Ϣڵţį
˫Ŀ¶Ϊ֮ɫվڣĶǾŸľû뵽Ȼ˾ĵϢ
ۣۣϢ¸ǿۣ⡭ʲô


1672 սӡ
ŹľıӵһľڣƬܼپУ¶һɫֱۡ
ֱ۳˺ɫë֣ޱۣ
ָָףڳֵ˲䣬ͱһɾ棬棬ͬڵŵϢ
һֻۣ
֮½ȴһĹľڣͬɭµұۣƯϺëҡҷһƤµڻ䶯Ŀġ
ţɢϢȣһһǹľı¶ԶԶһһĻΪˣһۿȥ˫ĿظŨ
һǵ߸ڰ˸ľ½ı£ֳķݵ֫壬ǵϢɢУȻ֣ں£һ޴壬ƯǿС
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ĴڣԼǧ֮ߣͬˣͷȴ𣬱ڵįϢŨŨơ
ھŸľȻƬɢ֮Уһͷ­Ȼͷ­ĳ֣̾ʹ֮ǰӵ޾ڷһͷ­Ժγչһĳ
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ڵӷɫ԰ףһУȴûзκַģĬУͷΪ¾ƣţֲܣ


1673 įӣ
䣡
һѪһѪӿ֣˳
ÿһ˳Ǻһ̤ǿյϣʹǿղ
ұ۴죬һβƴֱɢͬѪӵŵŵ˺
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įӣǰǧѪҺ֮壬ǧѪҺУоŵͷ֮Ѫ̺ĹϢΪŨǱǽ޾ɱ֮󣬴ǾŵͷѪ
Ҳֻ˰˵ζѣ¶⣬һڷȥԷǵѪҺ󣬱չ˷սڣȻȷ
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һŴͷ֮Ѫ֮ӵʤնԷһУҲǰ˵εžѪ
˵ξѪпϵĹǵ㣬ڰ˸ǿħǵ㣬ٴӣ
һУȥ֮Ĺأе컯


1674 ˺죡
Գį֮ӵˣһͷڷƮǧǿգ˫ۻ裬ȴǹ֮Ӱϣֱ֡
ǹ֮Ӱ棬ĵįӴ֮˿ͬ󲽣֮ٽ֡
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ں֮£ֵڱĿâԶԶһͷ­ںϺڵλãȻǵĿĿն֮
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˿̺ХӵĹ֮廹һįӰɲǾ໥Իһ
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֮Ӷ˵ײ£ȫһǰ֮ӰȻһ߽ͬģõį֮
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1675 һ꣡
ֶ֮죬ͷǣѿһѷ죬ǻƤ֮¹ͷִΧѡ
Σһɲǣֱ˫ۣ˫ĿպϣһоΪ٣˫Ŀպϵ˲䣬һеľʹȫɢ
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1676 ݵٻ÷
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1677 ڶ
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1678 ǽܰ
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̫ţ̫֮һⷬĪΪƭɣʲôϷƭ֮УϷ޵أҲΪӣ
֣Ϸ̰ȡߣΪ겢δϷɱ㣬ɱˣһУٻ÷֮£Ϸӵڣ
֮£֮ս߲սϹ֮β룬ػ˿һ壬˭ӮǣңпԶ磡
ҷһУֻΪŮһŵ֣ĪҪ̫ε֣ŭ⡣
һУ˵ȫΪŮ
ٻ÷ᣬֱڲףΪԼʲôʲô
ɫ¶ӣվӣεһݡ
ǰ֮£ûлɡ
ĪҪ˵㡭ε𿴵ٻ÷ˮһ֣ԭҪ˵Ļ¡
ϷһҪһŵŮãûиŮɵ£ҵĵߣ֣Ҫúõѡ񣡣εɫ䡣
ֳĬ̧ͷԶǿգ֮ɫ¶ãȻĿٻ÷ɨٻ÷ᣬͷԼĿ⡣
㡭ˣϷҲҪ̾ͻش֮˿ңεվӣҲ׼ˣŮ˵飬дʹϣΪһпͬ⣬ȴˡ
߰ɡٻ÷ȥᣬվεߡ
ǰζˣǻؼҰɡڼһҲˡٻ÷ε֣Ÿ׵ůת֣¶΢Ц
֣԰ѵҵǸɽˮĻô
Ƿڽջ֣ѡ˲Ҫ죬Ҫ⸱ˡ
𶯣ٻ÷¶ʹӣĽһļ꣬ȴǧµŮӡ
ֻǣٻ÷ľüӷﲻͬΪָģܶܶࡣ
ʮѪͿĨһĻĻ£ǣŮӵִţ飬ĵЦĿ⣬ֲʯĳܵĮ
ңôٻ÷ҧŴɫ԰ףȻԼ΢ЦֻЦԼǰ޾ᡣ
Ƿҡ֣ĽѺҪҡ
Ŀٻ÷̧֣һ֮±дѷ֣ɳһĻᡣ
ǻУɽӺڽ⻭ᣬץţû˵ĵһͳ˻ʱѡ
統ʱƽ͸ǰŮӡ
εһĻеŭ⻯ٻ÷֪ԼŮѾˡ
ˡ
ͬһĻģľü鸴ӣ¶̣ûʸȥȰ˵ƽĸס
ԼӵĸףһŮھ飬ľüʹ
Ұɡٻ÷΢ЦߵǰĿֵ̧ΪһͷЦصˮҲ̲ס
ıסֵ֣ϣǰɫȾʪ
㲻ϲңƺΪʲôҪҡҴȥļǸô֣顭ٻ÷ֵĶૣ뿪ֻһץסеĻᣬҪȥ
ץǻ֣ȴ͵һ٣ǻᣬס
ֱ˫ۣסĻᣬٻ÷ק£û˿ɿٻ÷ɫΪ԰ףͷ֣˫ۡ
㲻ҪˡһڽĻ˲ϢһƬĩɢУС
ӽԺֵŮˣֵͷٻ÷ᶨĿڡ
ҵӣѺһס
ٻ÷֮ٴ£ֵĻ
ֱٻ÷ȻˣͲڣĽ⣬ǧһܵŮˣ֣ٻ÷
λ̨ѯɷ󡭡
뿪ʱô
һȥˣ㻹ǵô
֣ЩֲסˣѪѾҪɿݣôҲڡ
֣Ҫңȥȡҩһѵġ
䣬ĵˮָܴ£ˮ£ȴᱻļסĳһ죬һεסˮʱĻˮҲǵĵů


1679 ط
ٻ÷ջȥˣĸεһͬˣҲδߡ
ǽص˿壬ٴιʱ˿壬ڽѡһ򣬳Ϊ˿µ֮ء
εΪˣһУ֣򲻻Σգκε۷εҲƵ̫
ΪεΪֻҪ룬Ϳһ٣ٽ٣£ҲҪ˱ܡ
ٻ÷丸Ӱʧ˽ǿУŸŮ˵뿪ɫɢʹǿٴ
ʱٻ÷֣ܿЦݣ統һʱͷֵĿ⣬͸޾ᣬӣѡģǰڣҲˣδҲڡ
ٻ÷Ը
˿תڣֻʣľüˣľüĿ֮ǰһУҡ
֮䣬ûʲô˵֮󣬾ľüſҪžʱֱ˫ۣʼ˺֮
ľüĻɢ˿Уû˵Ըվٻ÷һӷﲻͬҲơ
ľü
İ꣬ܿ͹ȥ£ֻʣһ¡
һ죬ľüվӣ˫û˸ӣһƬűĿ֣á
ءһ꣬˵ĵһ仰Ҳһ䣬˵֮ľüתŽȥ
ʥŮҪص顣
ʮһµ飬ֻΪ˵һ仰ľüûеȴһᣬ뿪ˡʮһ£һ¡
ľüһ£ԺӰǿУǹ¶ɪ˲ɵûʹûһУĽĽҲĽٻ÷
ٻ÷иףĽҲ֣ʲôûˣûˣʦûˣһϤˣˣȫȥˡ˵УǱƽǸı䲻˵ʵƽĸס
ˣҲ֪ɡƽҲҡľüɫԽԽԶ
ֱľüӰʧǿգ˫ۣľüʧķ򣬳Ĭ
ľüѾû˺ޣͬģҲû顣
һ¡˫أŽǿգ̧üȻһ㡣
һָ£ȫһ֮ͻȻص£ֵ壬ģĳ֮
֣صһ𣬴˿صӰһָʼ˲ȣϢ֮ӰŤ֮£Ȼ䣬ʹֵڣûһ֣
صӰֱӷֿ٣ģɢȥڣһһ֣
ϥģֵı𣬹񡢹ħһ壬˵Ŵ֮վģķʿ֮壡
һӣֵǳõˣķͬʱ
Ѿܾúܾûȥˣ£ٴη߳
뱾Ŀֵ֮ķŽǿһȥ˲ϢʧӰ䱾˫Ŀպϣϥڣһ¡
ǿУһ£ߣ˿̵ûǿ֮Ϊȴǿڣһ㣬ʿΪı䡣
Ȼʿ޷ԵУֻͨɱˡ
һ£ԶĴս߳ǰһҪȥһ飡ҪĴɽ磬Ĵɽڳһ壬Ϊµɽ磬Ӵ֮󣬽֮ɽڣ۳֮
˺ʿͬɣǿڻ֮ɽɫأӰǿ˸ߡ
ֻϴһһ㣬Ĵɽ磬ʹý֮Ƕʱ䣬۳֮ŷ˱Ĵɽı˺ڱû֮
ȴǲֺͬ俪˷ʹýǿд̫ǳϢʹý߽⣬£ɽʱ
֮ǰҲɽ磬ȴûзķ޷һ㣬ͬǸʱķҲûбҪĳ̶ȡ
Уһȥģƺķɽ磡Ƿɽ籣ΪڱռݣֵΪԺ˽磬µȴǿԣ
ڸӦУҲ֪ʧɢޣⳡսн뵽˷ɽڣ
УǿգɢӰʧ֮ʱȻƺǷɽѷ֮⡣
ػؾɵأѷĿͶȥǰһΣͳ˷ɽУһ̤룬絶һХķɽڣ޾硣
ʵķΨһǲĻںХձһɨķصĳȻбһһ㣬ֱڣɨأû˰㳾
ʶһɨֲ˼ǰһȥӰ޾Уһͷ׷Ʈ裬Ƿȴ޷ֵֹĽŲֹˣֵǰ
ɽڣһƬ½ϣңХȴǷȺޣڷ໥˻ɱ
ȺУÿһȺ֮࣬˿ɱ֮£̾ˣЩģȫһȺһȺһ˫Ŀ¶ѪǷĿϵشԷ塣
ȺޣȻ
Ƭ̣ڶȺ˻½ڽڰˣȺײе޺Х׷ΧͬʱȺ͵ȺڣһֻԼɴСͬСɽһľ޴ɫޣȻԶɽһ
һʱһѹ֣ɫǿʮ֮ޱȣâ¶ĳ֣߽ͬ١
һ֮£޴޾ͳ뵽طȺ֮䣬ֱײ죬ҵ˻Ⱥڴ̶̵ϢУǧ
Ǿ޴Ⱥûã֮ǰнֻȺȫûһӳ
Ǿ޴ȫմȾͬѪҺ˫Ŀ¶⣬ȴаأУʼձҲˣֻɱ¾й䱯շһ˻˻֮͸Ҳ˷ܣͬӣ챯
˻£ܵȺͬ˻ǵһ𣬾춯ء
˻£ȴƬ½Ϸɳޣһž־壬룬֮лвӴģ˿Ҳǿ־Ѹߡ
ǵļУôһȺޣǼΪڲϵɱ¾׳󣬷µƬ½Ƕ緽һɱһƬв뿪ߣᱻǲһе˺顣
ʱǾ޴ȴͻȻӾҵһ˻Ȼ׵ֹͣ˫۵ĺâȡ֮һɢ˰ã
ãܿͻ˼޴ޣż뾪ϲһ֮£һٴ˻һֱԶһķȥ
ӣͬʧɢãͻȻܵ˵Ϣ󣬻ȻһУƵģҪȥѰϢ
ڷɽİգһ٣תͷ࣬¶˿ĵ΢Ц


1680 ķ
ķɽؼ䣬ʺХһԶǺߺȻһγɵһ֮Ļ
ǰǰɴСޱȵľ޴ޣ˫۵ļңңֺЦĿʱӲ
һ˻£ɲǾ˳ֱֵӾ˷ܵײ˹ȥӴӣ⼱ٵĳ£ķ紵ϣͬһ㡣
ײһĻκοߣľѡ
Ȼϰֵǿ˿˷һײȴֿЦǷɳܲס˼ҵӵ
̧ǰһģһƬƻصٵɲǣӻƣʹٶȲɵû
ֵߣ˷ܵ˻Ǿ޴ĿϵĦֵ壬˫ۼͬʱ
֣ˣĸĸһһ㣬Ȼؿ޵ڣɢ
һδεֵʱ޷֮·ԹΪôòѰһ
ֹһЦǿģһ֮±վ޵ϣ̧ͷǰȴȺ˿Ҳ׷٣ܣһ֣Ȼʶ֣һЩģֵĿ⣬ɻ
׾Լ߳ط꣬ϲãһ¶ԼģֻǼֻޣʱ
ǰҪ˲١ĴͷЦ˵
˻ɫ¶⣬˻֮˵ľϧȴ޷̫Ͼ䳤һĥ²һЩ
ˣȥɽֺЦڡ
˫۾һΪӣһ֮±ȥХ֮ܣȺǽ󣬻һ޷籩ֱǰ
ٶȣ֮Ҫϲ٣վ䱳ϣϸĿ˼ۣĿ¶֮â
޵꾡Ҳȴڣ˿̵Ȼ޵Ľӽʿĵʿ˵˥
ֱ仯ֺǾ档
ģ޾ͲһͿɱΪ൱ʿĿֲ֮һ㣬ֵϡ
׵õʲô컯Ȼ˽չ
УХӹƬ½ƶＫΪϤܿʹ˷ɽ
ﵱһ۾ͿǰһƬŨŨһ޴ѷ죬ѷ첻֪ͨδ͸ɭɭ
м½ֻ˿ȴǱŵӣмĴ½ϣһε
ֻǴ˿̣ǵҲʧӰ
һǧɴСʬ壬Ǵ½֮ϣ޵˫Ŀûκιâȫ
һĻ˫Ŀһ
µһ֮£ʹֳڣǴ½ϵʬԣһӣ͵شʬڣһ֮£ӽ
Щޣ˿̻ڸȴûһǰɡ
һԾ£̤ǧɵʬԣʬȻȥ˶꣬ȴûиãͬһܸɿݣȴ޵ľ̺
˵ϣȴһɼǿѹȻڣѹĸܳʿĵ
ϸ۲˰죬ֿʬľһ֮ˣ޵Ҳɣ˿ڣָСĶ
ϸƺѱ֡
ͫ˿ǰúָ̧Сڡ
Сȷָ͸
ʲôָ֮ͨɱޣĿһǴѷɳľ޴ޡ
ֻС뵱ȽȻͬϢȴǼΪơ
ָڴʬϵָϢЩϤʲôطܹ
һֵޣ˿̰ѿʬϳӣһۺ˻зǿһΣָϿǾ޴ѷ졣
̧ͷĿ¶⣬ڵѷ죬ʱ˻³һȣȴֱѷȥǰһȥһͬ˲Ϣ̤ѷıԵ
ܴڣѷ͸ɭɭȴ˫Ŀ¶裬û̽ѷ죬ʵɽ磬ҲԭΪоѷ졣
¼ȻˣҿʬָϤȴֶѷ֮ͨһ˿ʡ
ѷ⣬
ֵһΣ˽Ĺ۲޴ѷ죬Ĺ۲£ķһЩԾĵطѷ˺ıԵɾ״򣬵Ǿ״ıԵУһЩطӹĺۼ
ĬУһӣ̳һöһ֮£ǵһһΪԵλкܶϸܵĲ֮ڡ
һ𣬴ٴ֮һΪڣܿճһЩ໥ճȥֻһЩϸܵѷˡ
Ŀһٴ˫סһǵһٴγΪ룬֮ǰճϱֿģҲһЩµ鿪֮
ֿ˼ۺֿǾ޴ѷԵģ˫¶֮â
ơѷ춨˺һΣº޲ϣȴٴα˺ʶŻıԵ仯
ڶ˺ڷɽʱ˺ʹΪ޵¡ôѷһα˺ʲôʱ򡭡˭˺
һ˻ֵ˼ȴֵѷǻȥӣʱͷ֣¶֮ɫ
ˣȥǣֿ޵ӣһͷ޶ʱ˻֮һֱ֮Ӿͳѷڣ䶯Ʋһν룬ȻУֹһεĽȥˡ
̧ŲȥȴǼΪݽһΪΪ߶٣ΪԽߣԽص졣
̤ѷڣ˶˫ĿΪתȫδɢʶĿɨһ
һ֮£˫Ŀ⡣
ѷһƬӫ磬ӫǴһ޴֮ڴȻһѵ֮أ
޵ѣһȴѵޣһۿȥǳ֮ࡣ
ԽЩѵԽ࣬ҸͷԽֻ˰ɴСѣɢ⣬Ȼȫͣʱѵӡ
ֵһ̷˻һ֮¾ٽһԣ޴Ŀ͵شȥһ֮¾Ͱڵһȫߡ
ſţȻˣΪԼ޻˱仯һУΪ
˵أʲôطֳĬɢʶչֱʶȫɢռ䡣
ʶţɲУĴ˵أһ˲䣬˫¶𺳣ʶ˺󼸲͵̧ͷ


1681 Ľ⣡
ʶ֣ʹ֮صһУﲢǺܴ󣬶ϸһͬһͨ
ͨܣǴһЩ֮أѷһƴͨʱԱ
ͨˣһִ˿ڣһˣ޾ĵطֵʶҲ޷ӽȥֻһ޴ʯţ
ʯϣһֽһֽӡ
ĬƬ̣ǰһȥɲǾʧԭأ֮ʱȻͨľͷʯŰ⡣
ɵľ룬ֹһʶ̽룬ѹֹκ˵٣վǰ⣬ǰʯţ˫¶ء
ʯŵӺǹϣϸһЩӵ֣Щִ֣δȴܳЩ͸ɢĲɣ
ֵĹ۲£ʯŲǱǿеҪ֧ͨôͨų档
ĬƬ̣ȥŲ̤˰ڣһ룬̾ɫ˱仯һɼǿѹںʹֵĽŲ¡
Ŀ˸˵ع죬ڻûаͷҽȴһ֮͵̤£һ£ͨʱ䡣
һ֮ٴǰһһ߳ʮಽÿһɣתۼ䣬ߵɾм䣡
ڴ֮Ҫһ㣬˿̲ǹȥ޷ּѹ̧֮Уϥ£˫Ŀֱӱպϣһָüġ
ȴ͵һü̳һУԪһƬѪ˸䣬ֱ϶Ѫ⣬ֵѪ
Դ˽ںԪѪı£Ԫֱǰʯǰʮɣʮɵľ룬ѪֵԪ˵ֻɲǾͺɨ
ų֮ˣϵسѪϣҪֵԪھʯֻʮʱų֮ﵽ˼Ϊֲĳ̶ȡ
ѪֵԪԲͻᱻƳѪϣԪһתѪֱһԱߵͨϣȥԴ̽
ˣѪ֮ʱȴǲϵ
ʮɵľ룬˵ȻܽԪѪϻûĶʯԼϵֽӡ
˽Ĺ۲죬ּȫȷʯǱ˺Ŀľ֧ͨ
ʯϵֽųѹǴֽɢ˷ãǷӡţ޷Ҳ޷ȥ
⣬ʲôطԪת˿ѪڲϵУʹֵԪʯŵľ룬ʮɱ˽ʮɡ
һѪͨǽڣų֮µֵԪ˲ͻصʮ⣬Ԫϥе͵˫ۡ
ڣںϺƾŹ壬ʮ˵ѣƾŲ֮ҿߵԣȥ뱾ںϣȴǻ˷Ѳʱ䡭
˫Ŀһһ޵δκ˿˫ʱĿ˸֮£Դ֡
ͬʱĿڣ¶һƬ֮ɫ
ϥУ˫̧ΪΪƿΪΪ˫ĿպٱԴơ
ոڣȻıһɾɱ¾Դɱ¾Х
Դֱۣüģü֣ԪȻԴѪڣ׹˸ȼգ֮Դƣɱ¾һɲǣֵԪڵѪֱӱһ֮˻ǰʮĴţȥ
һ·䣬ų֮ԽԽǿȴ޷ִֹ˿ȫΪ뱬Ԫͬ޼᲻ݣ
ת֮£ٴٽʮ⣬һΣû֮ǰͣ٣Ǿ˵ų֮£ǿеĳ˽ȥһȴѪһԪڵǰѪȻ侹ֱӵľʹʯŵֽ֮ϣ
һʯ֮
˵һҵҡų֮ȻֵԴҪֵԪ
ǰѪ͸ֽʯߵɲǣֵԪ̾͸ܵһϤһɲϢ
Ϣ½Ϣε֮ʶȥǸصϢ
½żʹڲصĴ½СǽڽǵʿҪ½ҲҪܾõʱ䡣
½Ǳ֮Ϊ֮ߣ֮У׳֮أ
½һƬ಻ϵ۷֮䣬ƣȻﻨ㣬޷ɺ趯
ƬɽһɴСȥͿͷˣ½ȣҲֻǲ׺һڣ
ɽУһɽֱͬһĻֻ䳤ȣ뿴޾ԶһȻСɽһ
ڴɽϣһӴĹȺһ½ɵķɽţɣΪһڣ
ڣ½ߵһ㲻ôڣ
˿һڷɽڣ㳡֮ϣһھ޴ƯϿգǧ֮ԶԶȥΪׯϡ
ʱͻȻһ˵һص˴ڵľ죬֮£̴ԶںХ
⼸ٵɲǣȴǾ޴ϣһѪ⣬ѪĿڳ½˲䣬âɶ
âѾ뿪½̫̫ã죬ٴλˣ
Ѫ£һѳĽ⣬ϣ͸磬ǾѪ⣬Ǵɢ
į֮ٵӰһٶĿ죬ɲǾٽһӣĵۣ˫¶⣬һ۷ΪֱӾɢ
ǿΪڣһ˿֮ȻˣȻȹ˲֪ε٣
ٽ٣˰ˣվ£һĿ¶֮â͸罣⣡
ǵĿ£ǽջأѪһǴʧֻһӡǣڣ
˳ĬĿǴӣһƬž
ʦ֣ҪҪⶫӡһˣڡ
Ҳأʦִǰ˵Ӿܴ򿪣Լ
įѪįߵ붴棡
߲˵£ߵڣǻ˼Ϊصıʦֵо˺ܾãҹһٳһͨ䶴ͨʦֵֶΪҵȲضǣ
ͨʯڣѪֵԪ𺳣ų֮͵ؾ;ʮɣԪһץѪӼˣת֮¾ͳ˰ɣʯŰ⣬ɫһ㣬Ķʯţļ
ȫΪת
һڸ֮УӿĿУ֮󣬼ʯûκα仯
½ʯ⣬½ٴο˿ܵͨ¶
ˡ


1682 
ԭΪߵ𶴸ĴšȻһвˣﲻǴţǱ˿ٳһֶͨǰʯţɫȥ
˺䣬ͨһѣɢӫӳյһƬ졣
ͨԭڣ˿ٳֱͨߵĶ˭ͨ˵ءĿ˸мת֪һг˿һȥѰһ˿˿ĺۼ
ͨЩۼǰ࣡
˭Ƿôˡ˺У˲֮޲ִ֪˿е𶯣ﲻϵֺ̣㣬ӽ˸š
ֺ˵ѷԵҪ뿪ѷɲǣͻȻŲһ٣͵̧ͷңңǰԺڴ˿仮һ飡
̫ǳУ֪ںܾ֮ǰһ֮˳֣Ǵ죬ʹõķͨǰδСǲʱҲļ䣬ģĿȺ˵Ӱ
ޣ˱޾Ⱥ˵ķҵ껹˼ҪȥѰɶ࣡Ⱥе죬Ȼɶòһһ
忴ȺصʿǳؼʲôǳǷǴӶٵ֮ޣ˫Ŀ¶ĹâŲϵķܣһƬʡ
û½һǼ˵Ļ˿̵£ȴǽ࣬һ󵨵Ĳ²⣡
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Ⱥˣе֮ޣ粻ǳڽ̫ǳɽ磡ǵĳ֣ȴûɽİ
·ѷͨ뿪˷ɽ磬ҲڽѰһ߳˷ȥ˽⣡
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Ⱥͨڷܣ˺˱ӡѷ죬˳뵽˱֮ķɽ磬ռ
һĻĻ棬Щȫöͨͷ˫Ŀ¶˼
ǴѷڶεĴ򿪣
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ȴ¶ᣬЩѣ˻һ
ת԰ƵѣĿһ̧ͨһӣʱпХߣЩɢ˴ռڡ
˻һһûаֱӾͷɳѷ죬ѷ⣬ɽķХʶ
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ѷ챻⣬ɢӰܵҲϡճʧ
գֵͷ·ķɽ磬ʶȻɢ޾֮أɽȫڻû
ɽıǲת޵ĴڣʹĴƬһ㣬֮硢׽Ҫúܶࡣ
ûȥʶ֪ڱ仯
ɽΪˣͬϺãҲ˫̧УڵΪȻʶɢɽȫ֡
һɽĴ½ƬһɲǺȻһεƶһƬǺķУм۶ȥ
½𶯣غ޾֮磬ҲʼһֻֻɽϢ˺ܾõޣʱķһ뺧ȻãȻĿܡ
ְ׷Ʈһ֮£̧˫͵ؾںݺݵһֵΪһ㣬ɽƬ½¾ۼ
ڣڵУҲǽϸߵĴڣڽ⣬٣
ڲϵĲ£ƶ죬˿Ƿȥɽͬһľӣ໥£ȫһ
۵ɲǣһĴ½Ȼ֣
յķ磬˲Ϣû˰㣬Щޣ˿һǸ֣ܵǸֵܵΪԼǿ־ǿ
ЩޣڣȻֵɱ¾ڶ࣬Щǿޣǲ֪Ϊڵ׷ʣЩͲˡ
˷ɽ磬һ֮¾½ϣϥ˫Ŀպϼ䣬ԪɢںϺ󣬲ٿĴ½ǰХȥ
֮ص䣬ֵĿ£ɽ磬ǿеĴԭڵأƺǿУ
ԶԶһǿյ½ɢϢͬϢıⶴ
𿪱Ĵɽ磬Ϊ𣬹ʶĴɽĴ½Ѱͬ
ЩޣҲǴ½ϣֵѹ֣޷ɳֻܲŴƷڴأƬ½ߡ
ǿպ䣬Ǵ½ϥܱ˫ۣʶȴǲٿ½ֱٺҪȥ磡
磬ĴɽΨһûȥĵطĿĹâͬӻӳճһƬѤ


1683 ȥɣ
ǿڻصǺХ֮࣬ԽӾңֵĲٿ£ɽӴ½أǺ֮Уƺ뵽ٺӡ
ٺշ֮һЩٺʿҲ׷ڻص˼磬ϤĵطǿԸõˡ
ٺӵ磬ͬڣȫţֻҪ̤ٺӱͿĿǿһ貵ӡ
ӣ磡
ٺΣÿζǴҴҶߣǿյӣҲ֪磬ȴṳ̂롣
˷Ƿɽ½ٽһٺӣɢ˴Ĳƣγѹ
ٺӱ£ɽĴ½Ưͣ٣վӣ̧ͷ磬Ų̧ǰһȥ˲Ϣ̤ڡ
ԶԶȥϸСĴ½Ƭ棬ɢĹâӡ
̤ĵ죬Ӱһ߳ƣ߳˲䣬һӣȴȻֱɽ½½ܣת
תɽĴ½̾ͱӹâ֣ԶԶһһĻΪ
ĻȻ޷ֲֻΪδɽػ֮Ӵڡְ̾ٿطɽɽӣȥˡ
Ҫȥĵطɽ磡
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ǵĳ֣ѹĲ̾Щ˵ʿע⣬Щʿ׷ɢʶңң鿴һ֮£ʱһ
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׽磬һƬ棬˻ＫΪȶʱٴδΧıһ㡣
ǰһУְ֮̾
Ѿ޷ãɽ磬ȻˡĬƬ̣ҡͷջʶתȥ
ȥһɲǣɽսϹ֮أ˫Ŀ¶֮âֲĴڣȴǿԿ֡
Ĵɽ硭֪˶١ǲǵսϹУûֹȥ
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ûǲ¶ת뿪
ԭʼ߳ɽ磬չȫٶȣȥһɽ磬磡
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ڵλãĴĽӵ㣬ֳķݣĴ򣬸ռ֮ࡣ
ɽ粻ѳֲʹ˽ţ˫һӣ䴢ռû̾Ѽ޾
Щһ֣Ƿɽ½ϣһչ£ʹ½˴ĳļΪʵ
ʱֱָ̧죬˫Ŀһ֮£ȴǿ֮ϣȻһ޴ӡ
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ӡһֵĲٿֱӾŴ½һڣȴûл֮ǽӡѹʹ½ϵĳʵʵУ½ͣ
֮ģ½ȻһȦԶԶȻӴޱȣ
ӣɴɽ绤֮ӣԴ˺ӣָɷʹû֮ʿڣΪ򣡡ִһ˦ȴӺХǴ½ܣȫΧ󣬱⡣
â£ɽԳһ磡
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ͬʱֵľٶʿȻ׷֪ص˵Ĵ£֮ǰӵֵĴɽʱڲдʿ׷ɢȥĴÿһǣÿһԳƯ½
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Ψ֣֪һк˵֣ҪȥһЩ飡֪̫ǳսȻѾʵϣڽ˵һο飬Ҳ١
һεĿ飬Ҫôʤ߳ҪôǶ֮ȫһǧٴεµĶ飬ֻһ¿ʼ
ĳһ죬ҲһֵӤڿе
ʿǵӰµʱ䣬Ĵÿһطһſ֮걻ǳ֣ٴǰһǡ
ֱһµĵ죬ŽʿһһǼ׳˻ȡ֮꣬Щǻɽںһ
һδεں£һʿɽ糹׵ںĴпԵǻ꣬Ӵ֮󣬷Щϳֵʿڻ֮󣬽Ѫдڵǣɽڡ
һУַֻԪһϣ˫ۣĿĽڵѣȭһݡ
ĳȥ֪֮ƣӴ֮ұ㲻ǡػ½ۣĳ顣Ҫȥɣ
ҳɣƣҰܣ˾ͽȥҸ飬֪£дÿһϣÿһ֮УɽڣҲҪΪ޷ĥӡúҲ֪Ŀܣ̧ͷתԶһȥ
䱳ӰһƬ¶Ȼ
֮ʿءɼӡ˾ͽϵڣֱȭһݡ


1684 Ե
ʲôǿߣʱֻ֪ھӼҵĺͯԼǿ׳ôǿˡ
ʲôǵǧΪҲֻǰףⵣ
ǿߣҲǵƺֵʱ䲻ȴٷ֣һ޵ϵĳ졣
ֳ죬һĸһǿĹ̡
ֻ˵ǿߣǿߣ˵ЩշָܣֱӵǿߣԼĸס
ĸףֻһ鷲ˣ˵ǿ׳ģͬʱ׸ǿһͥصǵɽһӰΪĸףڵꡣ
ڣڡ
⣬ǿߣ
ǧ޵˿̵ĴӼڸ׵Ӱϣ˺ܶ˼
֮£С΢ۺꡣ
ػ꣬ɽ磬ɱ¾˫ȾѪһУֲͷȥزͷֻǰϵȥҪôײͷѪҪôײʯ쾪ң
δ·Ľ£һԶȥ
ɫӰͬƮǿе޸ȴãķ裬·ѰʲôձڵĻɣû˺ۼ
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תڣĿ⾡ͷֵķ¶һһû㲨ƣҲûзκκÿһȴǼΪء
ֱַ٣վϥıԱߣתͷ뱾һͬڡ
һĻͬ棬ıԳΪ֮УǿǱתɫһһվͬף
ãֵķתͷűһȥ͵ĹâҫУַ뱾ںϣһ֮£ְ׷͵һɢӴϥվջؿĿ⣬˫ĿֱӾ˽̫ǳ
죬ԶĴս٣ڽⶴУһյؽ𡭡ϧֱڣһ֪ǵǺֳĬ
Σⳡ֮ս˼߲ʵˡսϹΪѵĴսǴӷɽͨ߳Ⱥʿ
֮ǰΪ֮սƿһҵĻ˫¶âһΣȻʹתŽ̫ǳһȥ
Զ򣡡üĿ֮ɱ̤̫ǳӰ磬ХɢȫΪֱǰ
ûϢҲûӰֱӵĸ⣬֣ˣ
ǿպ䣬ʶɢ̫ǳһеΪߣ׷׾ѣʲô飬˿ȫ͵̧ͷǿա
ǿĸܵһɾ˵ɱ¾Ϣӽڶ
Զڣֲ֪ҲûȥäĿѰң̫ǳ۶ȥ֪ܲ壬ֻҪô󣬵ԶĴս֮ʱͿԸܵǻͬһʱ俪ĽԶϢ
ʶɢ̫ǳһ˲䣬һƯǿյĹڣĶǰɿݵסûɿ
Ĭ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳû¶ȥɱֵ֣ĹΪɵ֮ûȫõǰҳ֣
ǰڻ͵Ϯȴû뵽Ǳ֮еֲһ仰ȴ
̫ǳΪ¡ĪƲɣҪȥɱĿ¶֮ɫ벻ףΪλŵĳ̫ǳ
ϷȥӽҪΣĬ˫¶֮ɫΪͨ죬ǹ˼ǿµ̳ɱˡ
̫ͬǳɵкڶڣ˿߲ʹâ۳߲ʵ˵ӰɫȻĿԶɨ¶΢Ц
㹭УͳҲ컯˿ҪʲôսϹǵǱⶴеڡ
ʿղǵɱ֮ǿϧءҲΪá߲ʵ΢ЦջĿ⡣
Ѫѳɣܣò˶ãҾͻֻ֪εĵ㵽ģ꣬Һֻ֪ڵ㣬˭
̫ǳڣһϣϥһŮӣŮվȴһɺ֮ͬѩɽ壬˫ĿǱţ˿ȴȻ
ŮӣУ
ûв֮սǵӹ֮Ĺ뿪󣬱һֱĬĬĵȴʲô
Ҫʲô
̫ͬǳУǿĳһ޴ѷ죬һƬﻨĿռУеĵϥ
˿̣˫ۣ¶֮â
Ҫʲô
⼸˶ֵľٶֲ²⣬˿̫ǳ𡢾ħˣȫѣңǿգɫ
ֵĳ֣еĹ˵вСѹ
д֮˿ʶңңϢ֪֮Ҫʲôʶ˿̺ء
Щܵʶң£ǿеӻֹͣ˿̵Ȼ̫ǳ֮ȥκεط˲Ϣȥ
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ΪЩʶ۶̫ǳ֮ˣһΪ졣
ʱ仺ţ죬תۼֻʣʮʱʮʱһȥ罫ӭһξޱ䣡
˿̣⣬ȴûκ˲߲ʵսϹҲԴ޷ƿȫ
˵УһҲиӦˣٺڣûзֵһʯϥŵӣ
Ŀ¶֮⣬ͷ˫ǰϵı仯ٵţ˫۹âԽԽո¶֮ɫ
ˡʮʱ
ֵӰʼһɣʹϢ۷֮УĬĬתü˲ѪΡ
ʮһʱʮŸֱȫֻʣĸʱһɲǣͻȻ˫ۣĿоһ
˫۵˲䣬̫ǳڵ֮׷һ𣬲
תͷҲǿգģɫ¶һ˿Ź֡
ֵҲ࣬ңԶǿУ˿һȺ˵̫ǳʿХǰУȺʿһͷɢңϲ֪ͿĨʲộء
һǰУһߴĵͺ
Եŷҵɱ֣֮ҵ桭䡭䡭
ԵŷΪͽȥɽ磬࡭
ŻĴȴʿ棬ȻһȺǧʿҲ֮ͬһͺ


1685 һߣ
Ⱥʿм䣬һž޴ʯ̨ʯɢŨԶԶһǧɴСȳ̶ȵľ޴ʯȻɽһΪ
޵Ҳټôʯʯ˵ȻãڿɫŹָŨ
ʯ̨棬ȻһͨɫӲʯϣһ˫˸âڱʿĿǰУʱ̧צʯһһʯӵǰǰɵҧ£¶ܵӡ
䡭ԵߴʿĺôмΪ
ߣǱǸĵطô꣬ⶴ罫ı滹ãȸ𣬻Ǹ𡭡ҿ˳ӣðҲɵļ֣̲סҪĳǳɫɫǵ⣬צһһֱһʯӵ
ѩɽµĶС椣֪Ҷ˼ӣӣǹӡͨɫ̫ˣһҧʯһߺ
ͬʱβнһ㣬źϵĴʯ֮ܵһǧʿһɫ͸Σûа㶯֮ÿʱֻдĺһĻԴǿµĸ
Ե䡭
ͨɫڵ֮ڣȸѪȸ͸֣ȴǰߣټϵʱ֮Ĺؿһʱ֮Ҳûȥ
һּ꣬ͿҪ֮ʱʶڡ
һǧʿӵŴɲǣԭܵЩ̫ǳܵʶֲĿȥĶ׷ʶǸ۶ȥ
еʯлǰǰɵľ׽ĸڲϵػһ˲䣬ȴͻȻһеǰʱ̸Ȼ
գգۣĿ¶ãܿͱһƬȻȡӾҵһ
⡭̵ģôôʶģûеôȫʶ
һºɵ̷һʵ
ˣˣȥУɵ£һֱСչԼȥЩΪԼǲļһٱץסҲǿţʵߵ·߶Ǿϸѡ񣬺ǽ
̧ʮΣÿζûκΣգһЩͨ£ҲϢǿѰңҲҵ
ƽʱһЩʿͻֱӾͽطԹԵĳΪԴеһԱ
գôҲû뵽Ȼߵ·ϣӭͷײôʶ۶Щʶ£ŵв٣ǿ´ڵѡ
ļһԾǿվҪߣͽһɻԼһ£ǿаѿ־ѹ£СĵĲٿԼӣʯ̨ϣɿȼ
һҩȥˣ̧һȥ
仰ܵһǧʿлǾɲȴӴ֮̵ת̧Ǿ޴ʯȥ
ֻʯ̫һ뿪ٶҲǺܻʯϵĽܵЩʶԼϺ̺ȣǱķ֣ʯƶЩʶȻҲ
ģǿ㣬ȥͰͳͳˣ˵֮Щģæּһ䡣
ĺҩǳ󡭡
ŵ£ľУұֵ̫ͻȻĥԼͻȻߣôпܻЩʶ֮˵Ĳ¾ܼ꣬ҪƽҪ侲
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ģǽԶȥֱЩ֮ǰ۶ʶɵл£һһȥ
ƶ˵ĳֻһ⣬ûκȤȫջء˵νǾľϲ
Ĵһڴ¶˾ģȥ֮ʮ겻ˣ·ߣߣ·̫ˣ
ɾɿһɲǣĬ˰һǧʿǲ֪ʲô飬кǾţΪֺҲ֪˭ȿڣܿȫĵͺ
Եŷҵɱ֣֮䡭
ԵŷΪͽȥɽ磬䡭
ֵһɲǣһǿʶͻȻʹȺ˵ĺ󷽣Хʶ͸һɾǿѹ֮м˵ӡ
䡭ƨǸұ죡ҪˮԭΪ˴˽٣ȴû뵽Щһ𣬾һʶ
һԼŶ˿ȴ֮ͬίŭ
æתһ޵ı飬źҾ
ǺǣǺǡţţߣЩСǲ˵Сʲô䣬ʲôɲɵģҾһߣԣһߡֻеǺǣǺǡӶ£Ҳ
ǺǣǺǣλǰۼˣæǵģңԼ߾Ϳˡ͡˵ʯ̨Ҫˣӷ̼Ӷݡ
󼲳۵ɲǣȴٴһ٣һεĿҪˣǰһӰһͷ׷Ʈ裬ֵһ߳¶ЦЦ֮ɫһۡ
㣡ֵӺһ㶣Ȼȸ֮ΪɵȻԭȴ˫ĿֱһɣļǰСһĲһµԶ˷ʶ
ģҲֹô㵱ȹѪҪÿ۾һɣ͵ſڣֱӾ޾ںȻɢԶԶһͬһ޴Ļ˲ϢͽǰͬԼȫɡ
һϢȴǾ޴ĻһֱӾȻ絹ǿӳա
ǻУ־˻Ȼͱ׿¶֮ɫ
ִǻܱ߳ĻͻȻһ٣˲Ϣֵ֮ϣһȼյĻ硣
ɫЦЦ
ҡһߡӲ˿Ҳɵˣ˶ԷϷŴĿֲϢ


1686 С죡
˺Уһȴʩչȫ̾˴Ļ棬Ż֣һ֮¾γ˼ٶȣɲǼˡ
Ǻľͨסһ˲䣬ĸܵϵĻ֮ԴϢ
Ҳͬӵл֮ԴֻԷȣȴҪϡ٣һûκȥս
ȻУ˺ɫƽĿǱһɨ̧һ֮£ͰеĻ顣
һ˴ɢֲܾδ׷ֲһӡ
ӡǣǶȸ裬ǲٿش֮ӡ
ӡһȻ˳Զ̾ͷһҽУüϣȻһһһӡǡ
ӡͷͷУ
ȸǺöʹˡ˵Ƿ뿪ӡǡȫֱӱ¶ӣӸһ֮£Ȼ֮
ԶԶһӴȻȻľһѹ١
˿̣ѹȴ޷ɰӰ죬ŤüĵľʹĿɵˮ
ʹҲˣ䣬ˣ㰮Ҳаɡ
һɢӡǰһȥת۾̤ͷҪȴ˷üĵľʹ֮£Ӷ£ȴǲҷˮίӡ
ңңĿһڵķĿˮࡣ
ˣҵڡ̵ģҲ·֪ˣ
ϥͷȵϢɢߣĿԶȥҲɢбŤ
Щ̫ǳʶ۶ˣĿһ𣬴˿ʶɴƬǿշ˵û⣬ܲ൱ʿڣ˵ȴǴ
ǻֲ֪ʱҲշ֣˷Ѱʱ䡣
ּһ޶һԿڳԣҸǾ߱˼ߵǣһ㣬ڤҲ硣
ԳǶôʲôڳūʿΪһУ˵Ĳ֮
ҪǣڣһѪ֮ڣ΢ϸ鿴ѷֵ֣üں˲ѪȴĿ˶ߡ
վ˶ͷϣĿ˸
һĹȥʱʱ㹻ȥӴ˽һЩˡ
½Ĺɡʶ֣ͻȻ
ɫһ޴գգæҡͷ
ĶŴ̧һѻϢʱ֮ϣ
ǣ֪֮ãһ飬Ƿ½
Ŀ¶֣ȴ֪ΪɨһԶһǧʿҧأٴҡͷ
üͷһ壬ѻ֮޷ʩչ̫ǳܻʶʩչѻ꣬˳ֵĻᡣ
һӰʱļƻ
иΪ䣬ɢȥ֮Ҫ봢ѷڣԶ֮ºбʡ
ɾҪɢȥ˲䣬Ļ
Ǹܸܲӡ㿴Ⱥͽ￴أӣһ£ָ㣬ʲôҶ㣬òá
һ㶣ɫʱŹһµ֮˵ͷ
һִӦʱϲɫһ͵شһֱӴ·Ưǿա
˫Ŀ¶⣬ϵӣ޴צһָ֣
˵Ҫôðɣɾһ棬ȥƽ㷽ŵðڣ˵Уֵɫü𣬶ʱһæֵ
ǿߣҲҵĸǲǺǣǺǣ㵱ɡ
һԶЩ֮ǰһĻĻ¶ֵһǧʿ׷һ¡
ûЩʿٵı仯зӦͷһת̿Ⱥʿ͵ؾʹ
ˣǻȥɣҪָһǸæҾͻȥǸҰѼҿã
һǧʿɻ󣬵ȴұ¶¶ϲľη֮ɫæȭ˺󣬷׷׻ȥ
ֱЩʿȫԶ֮ɫʱʧȡ֮һƬΣҪ˵֮ʱǰһȥվͷһξͻص֮ǰϥǿ֮
ӣСȷ½ʲô⾡ʣС֤㲻ȫ㡣Ŀ¶ֺ֮ɫæ
δ½˵أϥ£ϡ
ǸǰˣһļһߣһģǸļһ֪˸ңܲǾ˵Ϣ֪ߵбͰǰ˸ƭˡ
ĻȻһһˡǷ߷ߣʱĿ⻹ɨһԶЩµӡ
Ŵ˻˫Ŀʱһͷãֱ﷢ëĴ
˵ģеٵĵطҲĻģǱǰġСĿڡ
ʲô֣𶯣һ²⣡
СͿˣСͽС졣ͷһڣ裬
С죡˫Ȼ⣬˫ĿֱĶк䣬ӵĻص
С죬С
ߣĶСȥСҪɡ
С죬ȥҸ磬ңұ۸ˡ
ֵĿ£ǷëǱ֪Ǿ仰˶Է˿̺֮£Ҫ
ǣʲôˣ
һ֣ʱ
ʶӣǾǰӰϧˡ
Ȼˣ񲨶ϣûʻǴһ˦ͽ봢ѷ죬ټȥˡ
¾ʱ䣬Ȼ̣ܶҪľƽͣ˲ſԷӳȫΪ֮ʱҪǾ
ĻݳϢȥֺѾ˿ϥǿգ˫ĿպϣƽĴˡ
ʱţ̫ǳʶ֣²֮Уʱȫߣ
ʱȥɲǣֵ˫͵


1687 Զſ
ʱ䵽ˡ˫Ŀ¶⣬һ죬꣡
֮ڣ٣һ죬Ҳǽڽ⿪սһ꣡
ԶĴսҲûʧֵԼףһ죬չһϢĹȥǿһƬž
ߵЩʶҲ˿ûвһϢȥڽľ䣡
һξּĵطǽ顣
ããǺһޱߣ貵ʮɫɢ͵ʹǿյĺڰŻһ
һƬƻ֮ĹâУȴǿȻһХƣǿձһţǴź󴫳
һˣڷĺţҪƿ߳
䣬ٺڣͬǿдƵĺ֮ٺӣ˿ƺ죬ĴڣȫǺ֮ص
ҵ죬ڵһϢ֣ڵϢʱʹﵽ۷壬֮ÿһǿգÿһǣÿһĶУ
һ˲䣬޾飬ҲãҲգЩֲȫһһƬãȻ
һ˵ǣޣЩ棬ǲԭ׷ɱ¾
˿̣Ǻ֮ĴɲǼһƬžеޣʳͻھסһֻСɵľһ֮£Ȼ̧ͷա
ûСޣҲ̧ͷסˡ
䣡
쾪춯أڵڰϢʱȻ𶯵ǿղƻصĴ
һ̣Զŵǵ֮죡
ٺһϣʿֻвʮˣûȥɽ磬ǱѰҿɵķˣΪԺӡ
˿⼸ʮһɫ԰ףѪ־գǲ֪׷ʲôǶߵĺȴȻľѡ
Īǽٴ֣ɫ¶𾪣Ҫ𣬵Ӽһ뿪أһҵĺ£һɴѹİ˴档
ڵʮһϢʱĴڵĺѹ
ѹһԶŵŲɣϢڣڸˣǣˣ
һϣ˵ȻûʿǷˣ˿̣ԭӦֵһǳأȴͻȻһƬš
ǳǳڽԣžˮˣ̯ʮȾƵķˣȫ־ķ֣ԭƵգȻľһĺصеķȫǰһڣֱӾ͵˵ϻԹȥ
֮еķˣ޷յı仯˿̵գڲϵУֱӰѹɢΪ˺ҹ
˿̣Ǻ֮صĵʮϢ
ʮϢʱ䣬Ĵʧȥ˹âеǣеĴ½ȫһ̣Ϊ˺ڰ
ʮϢּǿգǺһȫѹ֮ǰʮϢʱľ죬¡
¡֮ͬƣͬ
£ȴǿգĻͻȻͳһƬ޾ѣӣγһ޴ѷ죡
ѷֵɲǣһ͸˷ĵͺ𣬴ѷںȻһɹԶϢѷ챻˺˲䣬ڼٵйͬɨ顣
ͬʱһĵͺ˻УһĿ⣬ѷһ˫˫ɿݵ֣ѷ֮ˣѷȫ֮һҪ˺Ļ
һ̣ٺӡ죬ƺǿգͬʱľ޴ѷ죬ĵѷ죬˺ĻԶŵϢ
Զţѣ
ɽУսϹ͵شӴվɫһ䣬ֱǰһȥȻ߳ɽ磬ڣ˫¶֮âǿڱ˺ѷ죬˫Ŀ⣡
Զ򣡣
Ĵѷ죬һ춯أȴĵѷӣֱǰڵʮϢʱƱѿһ㣬ĵѷɨǿգĴĽ紦ҲɽϷȻһ
һĵѷײصȻ䣬һ޴ġʮΣǿ֮ϣɣԶϢйһ˷ܵ˻ĵѷصɲǣڵĹ⣬ȫ
ڣһ˲ûκεĹ⣡޾Ĺ⣬ȫߣһֹı仯ȫĵѷ⣬˴Ŀ֮â
ص·ɽӲʹɽǷ˾죬ɽڣĽʿһɫ䣬̧ͷϿա
ظɫ԰ףһζֱǿնȥ
ԶϢԶɼӣӣˮҵһȥݼԶˣУɽֱӷǺɼӡˮ
˻磬ֱǿգ·ǽڵʿһ޴ĵɽ߷ϣ
ʱڣ˴ȸŲƶڷĤݣ
ص˳ɽӣվǿУ̧ͷʮѷɲǣˮҲɫ¶˹֮ɫ
˵ˣǲ˿ĲԶˣȺϼһ˵飡
Ψ˾ͽϣ·صʿڣĶգԺڣصֵĻ˻ûкκ˵¿Զŵѷ죬û˿ľηеģֻһƬӵãȻ
Զʧ˺֮ٴν
ʮ״ѷڣһ̣оһѷ챻׵˺ѷ˺ܱȡĹ⣬ۣһ޴ĳι飬ţһ֣תۼ䣬ٸͬʱ֡
Щһ£໥ƣȻγһ޴ĽݣչƯ
ݳֺһȫɢӰżĿ⣬ѷںȻ߳ܿ죬гʮӰХ
ڳˣ
Ϊָҵٴλع飡
һ˻ʮɫӰɢǵϣȻÿһӵʿϢϢ붴֮޲ͬ
ʲôطͬȴֺݣ
ʮ˺󣬻½нɫӰٷɳԶԶһһĻΪˣ
˾˿Ľ£ɫأǺɼӣǱȭѡ
ȣȴһǰһЩɫӰȭĿڡ
ӣأݼԶˣ
ֻǣĴ뻰ûЩԶ˵İע⣬ЩһЦУֱӾͻߴȻ䣬ֱɽȥ
ѾܾûˣϢܲŨȴԽ֮񫣡
Ϣ
û뵽һѣǰǸӣܺã
Щ˺Х䣬ֱɽ磬һĻУһ


1688 ȥ
ˮ˫ۺһɱ¾ԴʱȫɽŮɽÿһִǵļң
˿̣Ŷ룬Ҫȥļң˭ԶˣˮҲҪɱ
ˮһΣֱǰȥ
ɼӡһ£ɫ䣬ԥһ˲ҧ֮ͬʱ
ΪңĿ⿴ʮ˿Ц˺ӣʹӱһ޴ȱڣ¶·ʿһ־ɫŭһǰֱһ̤ȥ
ס֣λԶˣҽɽ硭ǰеͺ𣬵Ļﻹû˵꣬ȴʮУ̾߰͵ػͷ˫¶˵Ľ⣬ͬʱ̧֣͵һӡ
֮죬һɽɫķ籩͸Ѫ֮Ȼ𣬾ˣں£һ
ôĵӣֹҵ𣡡һЦ͸һ޾ָ߸ϵ
ɫķ籩̺Ѫ֮ڽʿ˵Բһѹͬһ֣ءˮӡһˡ
ΨѪ֮ˮû˿ãͷûвһ㣬ֱӾʹǽɫ籩ڳһɾɱ¾ֱǰʮ˶ȥ
ٶȻɽʮˣ˿Ȼɽգǿ·־ԼʿЦ
мˣһ֮¾ɢѪ֮ѹأʹʿһȻҶ㣬ǼһԾ£һ˸һץһٺŮޣ߾Ҫ͵һ
һĻͿ԰Ů޻ڡ
һ˲䣬ȴһԶˣڿЦɢʶʶɢһɲЦȻֹ˫͵͹ɫ¶ľ֣⾪£һУ
ڴдһ̣ʱһ㶣ץŮҪˣʶķȡ̧ͷǼ֮ˡ
ĵ񣡣ĵ񣡣ɽʮˣк½ʮˣ˿ȫʶȻɢڿԶɽϣպеˣȫ
ץŮ޵˸ɿ֣ɫֱӲ԰

ĵô
ͻȻķ֣ʮһɫ¶֣ôҲǲˣǰԶڣһ֮
Ҳֱ˿̣˾ͽϲžѹ˼̧һ̶һöǰȸ֪˶뿪ǰ֪Զ˽ٵһ죬˲ɱʿ
ó˾ͽ͵һ飬˺˲䣬һֵϢȻľʹ鿪ڱ
Ϣʮ˼ΪϤϢֵɲǣʮգ͵ؿȥ
ȴǿУһƬŤ֮£ûһӰӰ֣һ˿ʶ˿ʶû֮˫Ŀڵıȴǳ׵ɢ
ȸ䡢׻˵Լô˫¶⣬Ŀеʮˣһ˦ֱӷһͺ
ȥ
һһɱ¾ʮ˵ļ䣬źһʮɫֱӲ԰ףˣת֮¾뿪ɽ磡
ɽ⣬½ٵʮУһߣȻɫĵһ֮ǰɽЩˣһȥɽһȭڡ
Ϸ̲ܽϣһѼ£ϷнûϢŭǵĽףɡҵԶ֮ˣɱκһʿ
̫ǳϥ˫¶⣬ԤϣʶŻ򣬴˿ƾһ˿ʶɽڵЩԶһǱȥҪڣͻȻɫһ͵ؿԶ
ûκԥִϥֱվԶٶȥ
Զ򣬱һ壬ѿ֣ڽڽ⣬ȴȻб˴˵ϵԶĿʹýԶ֮
ڵľ䣬ȻǱ̫ǳЩиܣ𣬸˫¶޷֮ɫһɲǣȻˣҪʲô
ãȻҪ֮ȥҽԶ򣡣˷񣡣֪һУֻ֪Ƕ磡ɫ䣬һ֮£ֱǿնȥ
һ̣ʶ̫ܵǳܣȫɫ䣬ǼͬһʱֵҪʲô飡
չȫٶȣڵλãȥ̫ǳκεطֻһ˲ѣ˿УȻʧ֮ʱȻһǿ˺˴ѷ
Ƭ򣬴˿̴ѷ죬Щѷڴ죬ѷĽֳֵɲǣƬǿգȻͬһѣǿгһ޴ȱڡ
һԶϢȱڷɢͬʱһЦȴһƬƬɫĹӰֱӾʹȱ߳
ЩӰͬԶˣǾߵڵĵӣֻǣ߲߲ʵ𣬶׼ȷ˵ģǱ߲Σ֮ʱԴ˱ĵ£
Ļû߲µߵڵĵҲȻǼ˵⣬ҲǶսĸԴ֮һ
ǵĴڣҲǼɱﵣʶ˿ڿֵĿĺǵɫ仯ңֱֶ
ǵҲһУ
ǿյȱڣЦصһɫӰɳˣڷɳɲǣһۿ棬Ƶȴǵһ˫Ŀİ׷ʿ
ǲʶ֣˿ΪܸУȴǸûκвЦ䣬Щ˫Ŀ˷ܣ˷
߳ˣ
ǼȻ֣ĴսҲȻ߳ɱɱǣõͳǾͿ齨µߵڣ
ҪɱǣҪⶴֻſؿ
Щɫ˻£һһɳһ¶ֱֶ̣ٶȼ죬ɲǾٽ̧֣Цеͺ
ãȻɱ㽫˻𣡡
½ͨʿߵڵѰӣҲԳΪô˫ۣĿɲǾһƬ
⣬ںü˲ѪҺ۶⣬ǾѪ֮
ڿĿнɲǣǳ˶ʱһ㶣ɫ䣬Ӹһ֮ʶĺˣһľ֮Умٵĺ
˭


1688 ֮
شģֵĻ䶯
˫۽̧ǰһץȻ䣬㹭ͺһץУ̧סң͵һ
˵һ㹭ֱӾͳ״ǰ˺Ȼ־ļһƬŤ£ֱӻû˹֮ϡ
˼һ֣ɫ䣬ǿ𶯣Ǻ˵һºڿѹʱ¶Ϥ֮ɫ
˹졭ѹ㹭ϳ˴˹ɲǣɫ䣬Ӳ˫¶޷֮ɫʶķ˿־ļУ˺
֪ѹ֪ѹ֮һ֮ǿ½ϣҲĵԼǿֲ˾ɱ
һ̣ȻˣԷ֣Ϊ˵ȴԶĿȴ߳һ̣Դ˹ɱˣ
˭˷һ㼱ٺˣΨһͷӣ
ľ䣬̾˵ע⣬ȫеĹܵǿյĲǹĲʱȴһȫɫ䣡
㹭
Ȼ㹭
֮£Щȱڵˣһ˺Ҫ»صԶڣ˵һ߳㹭֮ˣͬجһ
ǵĶٿ죬Ҳǲ㹭ӶݣûʸҲͬûУ
ȻĹסңһͺ£͵ٴδһЩ˿ѹУȻĺҪһ㣡
ЩȻ˵ˣ¶ɱҪɱģȺߵڵˣȺѶ޿ϣԴߵڵӣ
Ⱥˣûʲô𣡡Ȼɿ˵һǿյľ£ǹ͵أһɾ֮ʹô˼Х
Х֮Կٵأ֮ѹ֮ǿղǼǰѣ˽ľ룬ɲǼ䣬ǼͺХȥ
ǰ֮ǰҪɱֵʿ˫ͫи޴㣬ȻǼ͸
ɱһ֮ޣҲͬһ
ڼ֮ʱ˼ͣǧɴСһڼţХǰУʮԶȱ߳ˣ˿ɫҰףǵٶǼ£ͬӤ֮ܡ
һȫҽ
ĸһ֮£鿪Ԫһӳ߽⣬ɢĶ磡
⣬ɫɫӳһƬ򣬸Χɢǽ£֮ϣתۼ䣬а˸ˣ
ǵǰһϢ߳Ŀϲ˿̣ϲȴǱ
֧ž춯صĺХ˲Ϣͺɱ߳ȱڵˣֱȱڶȥת۾ûȥʹȱ̾кص˾ҵı
ĳһɹΪģŰ˷ɨ˿֮ңԴǵĹ켣ȴ޷ֵĹ
ֵͷٵƮ裬ҵĴ򷢳žž֮˫ȴһᶨûаĻɢ
Ҫɱˣ˿һɱ
Զڣ˶ߵֲ֪мΪͨ죬Ҳ֪ףƾԼ㹭޷Щȫ𣬵ȴǿԱԶţôٴαպϣЩʿɥʧһγĻᣬǣ޷߳
һ˲䣬̫ǳڣǧȻһ٣ǰͻȻ¶ϲ
¶Ҳкô㶨ֻ֮˿Ȼ˷һΣһΣձɣְ֣˳ȫ𣬴˷ɱ㣬պ㲻ҿգЦһΣǰȥ
߳ٴοϲЦ͸ѹԹ
ڶȻ˵ڶ֣˷ˣȷ̫ǳ޷ȥȻɱ㣡ûκͣ٣˫֮һӣ̾ǿΪƬӡ˷ӡֹ˽ȴֹ
һУֱɢɲǰС
ͬʱ̫ǳǵɫ԰ף֮˫¶ԹޣĶǰҪҧƵġ
֣Ҫɱ㣡
𣬾ħ𣬶ͬǿڼۣ˶ֵĺޣ˿ǵ˿ƾδȴ޷ֹ˵ɱ˿̺Хߣֱʶֶȥ
Щ˶Ҫɱ㣬ҾͲ㻹ܻЦ
ϷҪĻһ˿Ƴ꣬ϷҪ꣬˷ͷ֮ޣħ˫¶Ĺ⡣
ֵȷ˵ڶι㹭󣬵һ֮һεĿֵĶͷڳ˺ˮں˫ڵѪ⣬ٵǹȫ֮ʱǰǰԶѷȱڵļһƬŤ£ٴεĻû˹֮ϣ
ѼմȾѪҺ͸һѪ֮ζ
˫ĿǿеԶѷȱڵһ±˴󱾣¶ԶҲһƬǽ塣
ʯѷƯȻ֮ǰһˣ
˿̹ѷͻȻϢХϢÿһɶ൱һ㣬˿̺£ʹѷɢ
¶ɱȻһͣ˵һص˵ڶڶɲǣ˫ĿڵĽֱӱĿĽ⣬ֱɢ
ĿһЩȴ˲Ϣʧȥ֪أĿһɢ
һԶѷɲǣƴԲȦϣһɾ޴ƿڼʹԶȱڵ˲䣬ȱѷ켱ڴ˼ȫԶȱѷڲϵ£Ȼ
һȱڣֹ˽Զ֮޵ǻͨһĿܣ
ֻƵĺǿԶȱɢĵط˴ɼǿϢɲǾͱ޷ɢ㡣
ģƵĺԽӾ룬㹭֮˿ֿǽԶпˣȴǳΪǵجΣ
ԶԶڤڤеӣ˿ǽԶУĴսƮڰգɫΪأ͸Ȼǵǰ쵹Ҫǲͬһӣģ¶Զ򣬴˿ͬĩյһĻĻ˻棡
ӡӡǻǲҪǵĺáãսĺһ¶ɵ
ֻʣ֮ɵӣ֮ǳһ㣬ܰѵҲ²⣬ٻ֮սĬƬ̣ڡ
໥˿˴˶˵ͷ
̫ǳڣɲǣһЦ޴ȴӰȻ֮⣬˫ɱŨŨ


1690 
ֵʱյļΪȷֵڶɲǣͳƬڣ֣Ȼűɱ֮ģ
ΪΪ٣޵ļ⣬֣ݣ˵½ʱūţ˿ȥȴ£Ҫֱ档
ⶴ磬ǽ֮ףλ֮ߣʿηΪһ߸ϡ
гᣬ仰һԣڽһƽ٣һЩǰҲ޷ǿƣ
ڽڣ֮ҲǺպգ֪ߣ󲿷ж䶼һֿ־壬һĻĻ飬޲֤Ļ֮׽
ӵǿΧɱֱأвĴɽ磬ڽӣսҰƺڴӣˮӣȵ֮ˣȫӰ
һδεĽڽսΪⳡսеʿչһƬǿա
һǰֻǱһαǱ߲ƣòΪʦ߲ʵ˱ȣҲ˵ӵдš
ڶα̫ǳӶսϹ֮սˡһսؼסսϹ֣
ڵΣڣѰ֮ʱһ֮ˣǱӶݶߡ
ΣνҪ÷磬δʧ㣡ֱֱ֣еĿһ㣬𼸺
һ֣״̤̫ǳȡ֮꣬һΣεֹ˵Ϊ֮ĹصĿʧȥֵϢ
⣬ҲδС
ܿ죬ͳ˵ڶΣǹ֮ĹڴĿַӡ˽ɵҪ֮ʱȴֽŹ֮Ĺײ֮һ
ͬһĺХֱӵײѪߡ
£ҲǿԳ֮Ϊ⣬𾡹ܱƣȴҲԵɡ
ֻǣ鲢ûн֮䣬еΣƺսĵó㹭˹ڣսϹ˽ս֮£˹ȻСҲͰˣºȻõʹ
ǵʱҲδַϣʼΪ֮ǰļΣѣ˹ѪҲ޷ȫ֮Ҫɱ֣緭ƣ
ֱĴΣԾ֮ɻ磬ˣҪɱ¾
һΣһУûκ©ǱƵóȫ֮վַų˱įӡ֮꣬ȴı䲻Ĺ켣ļ㣬Ͼٳ⣡
ֻǣҲû뵽һΣȻǳ⣬ӵĳ֣ˣһɱ٣ױ
ûɱ֣ΪԵɣ£еıƣȻŨ
ûϿ֣ȻΪԷֻ˶ѣֱΣһ֮ɱһΣ֮ų׵ѹ
һΣĴζ⣬λôʲô⣬ַĿǣ
ͬеһ̣شȥÿÿ𣬶б֮ɫѹƣǼҪ
һΣӰ֣֣һ˦ӻһ磬ֱֶȥ
Ϊһ˲ȻΪɢǿ𶯣һɿֲβƺɨɫƽȴǵŵŵŲϺˡ
ǿԶԶԿ˿ΪУǿճΪŭ֮ͬһƬҶں˵£һֱˣ
Ϸ㶨ֻ֮¾ٳ⣬˿ѿѾκѪ֮㹭ˣ˫¶ŨҵɱҪɱ֮죬ɱ֣붨һ㡣
ʵҲѹˣ־ͬӵв֮֮ǰһδУ𼸺ҪЩһ㣬ǱʶΪּǲɱģڶԷϣÿεͷתǬ⡣
⣬ͬһεڸıһУ˵Щ£ЩôΪˡ
һΣҾͲŻ⣡ģҪһҪɱ֣ûе֮Ҳ֮ȷѪֱӵĹϾǷӵūţǵڻֱƳֵ˲ѪҺ֪ѪҺںеѪ֮Կι
һ㣬֮⣬˺Ѽ׼ȷ
˫ɱһƬѪ죬Уغ䣬ǿղ޾Ű˷Хȥ
˷ɱϷպգɱ֮ģȻ˼һ㣬˿̲ɫ񣬸Ҳ֮Уɲ˲˺еǰֺ̧ݺݵһƺȥ
ϷȥûκֵĽ̸־֮ͨʵĲϵԼȷ˷ûд󣬵ģЩǣǼɵ̸ֽ˵Ļʲô⡣
⣬һƣҲһЩǱʶ֮̽⣬Ͼϵ⣬˲һΡ
һ޴ӡȻͳ˺м䣬ӡһ֣ͺȻղδֻ̫аɶѣӡȴǼΪʵͬһ
֮󣬱Ǻֱֶȥ
ɫ԰ף˫ȴû¶˿ľţһƬƽĳ֣û˿⣬ԷĻֶ˼һ
ǰɴӡХ֮ʱȻ̧üĹǵ㣬ĿĿħ֮ȫ˸֮ȫȫʳָ֮ϣ
˲ΪУԴͨ岻ָ
һָɲǣֵڸǱ⣬ȴܻûܣϵ󣬳һ޴ĹӰǹӰܣ
Ӱܺɫâ˸һֻʺȶֵͣļϣȶʷ£ԶԶһΪ
ʱ¶֮⣬һжɲɣʱǰɴӡֵʳָȻһ
䣡
һ־ȫҪһѪӵŵŵźˣǴӡͶʳָȻ߽⣬߽ɲȴһε۶̶̵Ϣ䣬ֵʳָͻǧϣ
ΪĲ࣬ͬһع֣ʹָ޷ϢʳָٶȣܻԼ֣ȴǲУһ˿ڻȻ֣ʹϮҪһ㡣
Ӱܣ˸Ť
ܣâɣʣµ塣
ʺһ֮£֮âɢ


1691 
ֵһлʹֿٴѪǺ³˴֮ӼˣʳָϵضԿ£ǰ͵һӡ
һ֮£ǿһȴͬһ޴ӡȻӡ
ӡһֵƶûֱǴӡȻײһ顣
֮˷޼᲻ݵӡӡɲǣȻӵѪǴǵһεĶԿȻˡ
Ĵӡȴ΢һٺٴκХ͵̧ͷɫ̧һָǿգ߲֮âɲǳ֣һ߲ʳǹ俪ֱӡ
˫ٴεֵֿ֮类ɨ˺ǧɣ˫ֲ˫ȸѪ
Ǵӡû߽⣬ɢ֮ǰһʵȻХٽһ¡
¶֮ǿûгϣٵʵӡٵɲǣĿ棬ĿԴԼɱ¾ԴԴû⣬ȻγñԴ
һӼ䣬ѽٶ˲ֱӡȥҧ֮Ӳ˷ǰһȥ
ѽ˲Ϣٽӡ֮ȫڣһƣӡͬʱ٣ɫ˫̧Ŀ¶һɱ
˺죡į֮ϻõ˺֮һֵ̱һʩչ˫ǰݺݵؿסǿգں˺ֵɲǣ˫͵ݺݵһ˺
һǰǿվһѷǰֱӱ˺˺֮Ǳѽӡ͵һ˺
ɲǣȻһӰӰ֮Ȼֻһͷ­һģӣ
ӣҲǵ֮ǰ˵ѪҺ󣬾ûȴȻȻͳ֮
ģĵӣͬ쿪˫ֵۣͺǰ͵һ˺
ǿղһ޷ݵ˺֮Х˺ǿգ˺Ļ˺һصת˺Ĵӡ
ӡ
ѽͬ鿪Ƭ壬ֵ˫֣Ѫģ˺֮ȫ˫ʮָ
ˣĵӰҲȻ
ӱˣѪڴڵϸдѪɫ԰ף˫۵ķȴ˲ɢȡ֮һƬ侲
֮ǰһУͬϷһ㣡
ǿ۷̤Ϊû㹭޷ԿģڴʹԪһƬģŵķ֮ˡ
һеĹ˵ʵȴǼ죬ӡɢȴǴЦȫȷԷû˵֮˿ްǣЦдŲ̵ɱ֡
֣һҿӣƬѾϷ㴳ȥĳϲãһѾ꣡
ͬʱԶǿкХ֮صȴƲ䣬ǵһ߳ţ𡢾ħˣҲ½ĴһӰûֱֶ
̫Զһڽ⣬˿̣ȴͬʱǵĿһǾɱ֣
˶һһ֣¶⣬ȵãҲ˶ֻ֣һݣſƻеһĽ
ٽԶ򣬽ⶴĽңƽ⣬ּƻĵһĻ㲻һ˺Լûȥ֮·̫ǳ׷ɱ
ĿһǰЦҪٽɲǣֺ˵ͻȻһ٣̧һץȻУ㹭ȻУ
㹭ֵ˲䣬ɫȻ䣬Ӹʶֹͣ͵غ˳ɣ¶޷֮ɫ
ܣֻ֮Ҿⲻܣô˹ҲֻǹŪ飬ѹ޷飬޷Լһγ⣬һһε⣬ĴΪǿԴݻģĵģ
һ̣ӺˣǵҲǻɫ䣬һ٣ûǰħˣͬɫһֹͣӰ
Ūɫ԰ף¶ֵͺȣ
УȻĿ£Ȼֵֹ֣˹֮ϣ͵һ
˵һУµһǰӡ޷ѹƵıû
ܣԲܣ˹ҲûáˣɫһƬ԰ס
ɾڴʱµ㹭ϣȴĹһ֧ļû
ֳִ˹ǰˣ̧͵һָ֮£Ĺϵļֱָ
˼ָɫһƬҰףܵĴҪһδεƣƺȫûһγɹһȻȷɣջǷ֣Լִˡ
Ϸţһж٣㾡ܻû֧ûпҲţҾͶһѣûкˣֱ֣ɫŤǰ˫ȴǾ޴ӡٴκ
ӡ棬һ޴֣֮˾һʱŰ˷ӣǿպưǿնɽ˾ˮڡ
ͬʱһֳĽǿյľˮںȻûһ̫֮ܡ
𷢷裬ǰ̧ͷݺݵһģȻ䣬һȭͷСĹ飬ֱӱƳâɣ͸ɭɭ׹Ϣٳ֮ΪԼͨȻֱǿգֱֶ֮ȥ
һţסкâһֱӱ˫ۣ˿ԼĿеĽɫƾʶĹֺݺݵٴһְǹһЩ͵֣
ֵɲǣ֧𣬻һ춯صĳ磬ֱǰХ
ӡȻ͸ǿյľǲƼǼ֮ʱ
ǽ޷ֹ֧նһֻһеĿֱֲ¶𺳵
ⲻܡ֧̫죬һʹһӾǼ֮ʱȻķ֮£ѪһѪ籩⡣
𣬾ħ壬ѪѪģԪҪˣȴִһ˦ֱߡ
ΨǵڵѪǼ֮ʱˣȴΪ֮ʶ档
֧Х֮Ѫ⼱ٵһһεĸɫ԰ףֵĿ˴δйĿ־壬˿̵޲˵Լֻм֮
ûκԥǰһӶݣͷҲһء
ʱͻȻƬڣ߲֮â϶߲ʹâǹâǿȫӳڣ


1692 Լ
߲֮ɫֶ˺еŲȻһ٣ֹͣ˲̵ֻӶݣɫ¶ɬ븴ӣ߲֮⡣
㹭½Էֿһĵ˿̿ǿ߲ʵĿ⣬ҲǴĸӡ
Ȼˣͫû˿ԥ˺̧һץ̾һöȻС
һ飬ֻһͻһƬĩɢţ鿪֮̾һȭͷСĺڶȻû
ǺڶڱһɾɢĹ⣬壬Ҫڶڡ
Զǿգ߲֮䣬һõӰӰһӣһۣɷǣ߲ƣɫԭƽڿֳкڶһɲ߲ʵ˫ĿͻȻ֮ɫһ
뿪С˵䣬߲ʵ̧𣬺һָ
һָ֮£ȴǿճֵ߲ͻȻâɣǰһָ֮Уһָ߲磬Хֱֶȥ
ָ߲ٶȳۣ˲Ϣƿأٽֲ߳ߣ
һɺɢÿһëڣΣָٶȣкڶ
ɫȴûκεĻңһжļ֮ڣȴָ߲ٽ˲䣬ǺڶڣͻȻһֻŮӵֵָֻϣһɫİָǺڶɲǣȻָ߲һ
Ϣ䣬ָ߲Ȼȴ߲֮ͬڱɲǣֻС
һ˵ƺߴǺڶдһ֮£Ȼӡһ֮£ʱͻ߷ݣԶԶһ߸һһ֣صԲȻȻһ߲֮âֻɢ
һģֻɢŲͬɫ߲֮⣬һֱԶ߲ʵ˶ȥ
ͬʱӸһ֮£Ǻڶгߣʧ̫ǳǿڡ
һ˵ȴ˲Ϣ
ڿֻɵӡɲǣɫ䣬ӡ¶⡣
ԭ
ΪľģǵŮɫֱӲ԰ףʶĺʧ㣡û
Ψ߲ʵˣɫƽ߲ӡХͬʱ̧ǰ͵һӣǰǿգ߲̾ʲƻصǰɢ߲ӡһ
֮صƬ̺һɢ
߲ʵ˱˫ۣ֪Щʲô֮˫ĿǺڶʧĶ¶׷䡣
ӡӦǽ֡ϧһõֻͨûȫ䡭ҪǰߣС㹭ҲʹҲõջصʱ򡣡߲ʵ̧ͷǰһȥɲǾʧӰ
ǿֻǵ໥˿˴е𾪣𾪵ģӡĳ֣˵ݡ
һҲ߲µã
ƺ֮⣬һ޴ѷ죬ѷ캱֪ͨδڶ࣬ʱŰ
˿̣ѷڣ֮һƬڵİǿУһֻǧɴСľޣ޿ͬһʨӣͷȴһǡ
ʨͷϣǰϥһŮӣŮӷ绪òǾ˿ɫ԰ףϥ˫ϵǰ衣
ǰһȭͷСĺڶУܵĺڰһѣʱǺڶͻȻһȴ䲻ϵͣջһɴСʱֵӴһ߳
߳ɲǣڶֱӱ㾧ɢһա
лϥŮһȭ
绪Ů˫ۣĿ¶һ˿ƣ֣֮ҡͷ̾ڡ
һΪлȴûٷ꣬Ȼ˳̶ȡΪѾҵԼһǰӵͨҲ֪ԭû
뿪ĳԲֻ²һЩֺЦͷǿǰܵľ޴ʨһۣϥһԡ
ھȥ̫ǳٽԶʱȻ·֪оǼ򵥣һ֮꣬𶨻׷ɱֲ˵ֻʣ߲֮ʵ˵£һ˳ֵ֣Ϊߡ
ʶһǰתʱǵŮ͵򣬴ûϵŮӣΪ飬˹ʶ
֮ѰŮӵİΪͨ˿Լ֪ɵģȷŮӾʧٵһ
˫ʶ֮ǰ򵥵Ĺ֮ͨŮ˵Լݣȷֲ²⣬һ
ߵ߲һһ֮ǰʶ̸ʱұ֪㣬һһݣ߲·ɺεãҵ֣Ƿ责绪Ůڡ
֮ǰʶ֪һֻһұ㲻ȷ
߲ھ֮ʱΪ˻ñҽΪնűûã˺ߵڡ
޷һ½ˣұ߲ˣʼΪûлֱָ֣֮䣬ûĳͻǿԺ
Ů˵
Ŷ֮뿪ȥ½һ㣬Ҳ㣡
½һĵط̫ˣսҷ׷ף֮кƽ֮ʱվȣҪһţ
΢һЩطȻռݣΪ˵ʵɽŵģҶϾöĵطһʵ˵Ǽ٣ҲȷǼٵġ
Һ˵½ϣдӸɶ֮߳ˣһ㣬Ҫǰ㡣
ֳĬŮӵĻ
ҲûУȥʱҪĴۣҪ֮һЩֻֻ֮ڶΪ˿սٺ󣬷һЩնȹ
Ҳ԰㣡Ůӿ֣˵
ɫƽ㲨ŮУŮвɵ¶һ˿͡
ҽ㣬ûŮһͻȻڡ
Ŀһû˵
½ɽźѻãɱ߲ߵڵɽţģҽ㲻ȡҶʵϲߵ֮ˣʮڣŵĺĵӡ
ҶϹ۾һͬϵ߲𡭡Ůһҧ¶Թ֮ɫ
ڻߵɽźҽö˿ţ
֮һҽȥʦ˼ҳְʹ֮١
ֳĬ֮󻺻ڡ
֮⣬ⶴʿأ
Ƿ绪ŮҪ˵Ȼɫһ䣬͵ػͷͬʱҲɫȻֱתͷ


1693 ߲
µʨޣһ˲Ӿ˫¶֮ɫоȻͣڵǿա
ڶĻڣһƬ߲֮âǹһ˸ԶԶһͬǿձ˺ǿеļ߲ʡ
ͫ˼ǰһȥٺ䣬ת۾ǰΧŲƣǷɺͬûκԥһΣһʵ֮
ӶУ̧ʨ޸һģʨ̷ź߲ʣһĳȥ
ѪɺĿһڡ
仰ﴫ˲䣬ʨȫѪ⣬һֱӱһƬѪģУһƬɫƬǳɢţǿڣ˷ͻȻһ˻½
һ޵ϢȻŴ˵س
ּչȫ֮һƿճХӸʱǿգ˸ٶȸ졣
ɺٶȸһЩΪͼߣ˿̾δЩȴǱѹ˲١
һ֮³֣·δֱǰһŤһĿ˸ûԥ
ʱͻȻһߴӶմһûһĺ¡ȴһɾѹ˳
˺󷽴˿ȻϰޣǱѪǸһ֣̾һУһĲҽУӷһɴ󵹾
ǾУ֮صȴϰޣȻȫ
ѪߺХɫΪ
ϰ޵ıУ߲֮ǷѪڴ͸ȴ߲ʵˣɫƽ˫֣һһ
֣㹭ҡ仰ﻺֶУȴǺֱһ֮£ֱѪ
Ƿɺһץסֱۣɫ԰ףǰߡ
Ҽǵ㣬ǱĵһôΪҪܡ߲ʵĿһɨ˷ɺϣ̧ǰһ˦Ȼ䣬߲ʵǰֱӱоֻɫĻû
ֻ񲢷ȸɢĸ£ȴǾȸҲ޷ȣģֻϣ֮Ϣڣ
ʲôǱ߲ʵⶴſżΪȼյǣ˵ǾŸ̫
˿̻䣬ŸХԼٶȣŵ泤磬ֱǷɺ贶ȥ
赲Σ֮ʱҲ˲ʵͺ֮һӣǷɺûԥֱһԾ˫֮밴ĿڣһѪͬʱһ
ڤһ꣬ɻһ磡ɺ̧һץ֮֮ǰѪ̻һƬѪڣȻ䣬ͻһѪɫĳ
˵֣ɺ͵̧ٵľֱֻһն£һ£˵Ȼֳ˾ŷݣֱǾֵֻ
ʱ䣬ֲ˼һץȴ㹭̳֣סңһ֮£ͷ˫Ŀڽ˸һѾ˴˹
㹭Ʊֵȷֻʣ֮ȴǲ֪УһѪ֮Ѫ
һѪǵˣӷջƭձȡߣһζѪ̺Ѫ֮࣬ȴʧ㣡
˵һ㹭֧Ȼûոջûεɲǣ͵ɿص͵صأǼХ
һ˲䣬Хƿ֮ȡصһϢ֧һ¾ʹӷɺ贶ߴķ罫ŮͷƷɣն˼˿
һֱӾǾֻײ
䣬һӴ˵Ƿɺ贱˳Ѫ̺ˣһסֱۣ˿ǼΣŤͷߡ
ǰİҶڣн󷨿ԵֿһЩʱ䣡ɺ贼һﲻץŴŮֱһΣʧӰ
֮ʱȻ˶ңɫ԰ףٴǰۡ
ǲ߲𣡡ǰһΣХ䲻аͣ٣ȴǷɺ
ǣҲǡɺû˵꣬һӶǿջ
ϷȻ߲ұɱ㣬ֻȡعҸһλᣬѹҡԶǿգ߲ʵӰû߳ɫ֮ǰûκα仯һȻûã
ȴǾţֻ˿̲ǹ۲֮ʱԷҲ޷ߡ
ˣѰһ¡߲ʵɫ¶ϧҡͷ̧Ƿɺһָ
һָ䣬ȴ߲ʵָڣ̾һ߲ʹâ˸ĽᾧȻûᾧһֱ֣ǰǷɺ١
ɲٽһᾧͻȻɢ߲ʹâַԲɣֱӾͽֶ˰ڣԶԶһ˵ģʲô߲ʣǷ֮ǰǸɢĽᾧ
˲Ϣ䣬˶˵Ľᾧٵ֮£ȫ̴ʹһɼѹ˷Ҫ峹׵ļ顣
Ƿɺɫ԰ףΣ֮ʱ̧֮£ǲӡٴγ֣ǰ֮ʱŮѪӡϡ
㣬ң
ڴһɲǣǿһһϢƾճ֣ͬһʱ䣬½һƬ֮أȥȫѩ׵һƬջѩƮ䣬ܵԶһ飬ʿҲ
Ƭ֮أһɽɽһŮϥŮӵòȻǷɺһһ
һɲǣŮڱɽͻȻ˫̧ۣһָüġ
һָ֮£һƬ߲֮âʱʹŮӵü˸ͬʱⶴƺѷڣǷɺ贵üͻȻ߲֮âһһ˵ķʽڣһ˲ӿ
ɺǰ߲ӡâɣһͿֱӻɡǧǧɴСӲǳſĽᾧص䣬ס˵Ľᾧ
ɲǣ޴߸ӡХֱ߲ʵ˶ȥ
ʩչȫߣɺ˫Ŀ˺бһѱסӣһ֮ʧӰ֮ʱȴһ⡣
ǰһ൱һ˳ǳشСľ޴ֻ⴬ֻͨɫΪ׳ۣܸһķְ˷ɢǿѹ
Ǵ֮ᦣ˿޷ԶᦲϻһĿģִǷɺ责䴳ڣڷɺâһ£û˿赲ȫ̤ȥ
˭⴬ֻļװϣŷɺ贷ʣ飬Ѿѹĵ̫̫ã
ս־


1694 ɺΣ
ɺɫ԰ףûлشֵĻļϥ£˫ϥϣĿ
߲֮â˸üϣ˴Ŀ߲ʹâɼһдڣڣɢ߲ʣƳ
Ǻһ޴Ĵֻϣ̼װ½һƬ˪ɢĿһ˺󼸲
ʱǷɺɫͻȻ˺һѪѪأܵѪڼװɢƬ
ţüĵȻŴҼתУͻȻ⣬Ƿɺ贵üڣȻһ
һ뷯ɺ贼һģһȻĶľգ
ֵ˲䣬ɺɫ¶ʹ࣬𣬱ͬʱ͵˫ۣ˫ĿϵɲǣüȻͷ­һžһͬʧ
һĲҽУɺѪ˫֮±Ŀ´
һĻĻ飬УΪأƿһЩʲôȴֲȷ
ĬУʶɢӴĴֻʶɢ˲⴬ֻһжӳС
˴ط˼ҲоĽ󷨣ʶУֳԾķ֣ҴȻȫɽɣ̤ļװҲˡ
˵ҴͬһӴĽ󷨡
ǴĲĻɴ˴Ʒܶϸ֮вصҪƿѡ
⴬ڽƵģֵʶɨҲз֣Ǳ⴬Ź󷫣˷ڵǹǻһ㣬ʶɨУǹ˫ĿһתĶ֡
Ϣǹסɲǣֻһź
͸ɫһ䣬˳
½ŻҴϲӵĴƣǻһЩҴδ֮
ܸʱ䣬ЩȫգоôҺпܻƱԴСɣ˫Ŀ¶֮⣬ĽƱͲϧⶴھܼ˲ٽƣЩƴ󶼲ȱǿȥܣ쳵Ҫ˷Ѵʱ䣬Ǻá
ȴǲһҴֻϵĽƣΪִ·ȫԴܣƱԴ֣
ֹ۲ƵƬ̺󣬴ֻǿȻ߲ʹâǿյĺڰɢ߲ʵˣ
˴Щ졭߲ʵվڴ⣬˼ۺɫ¶׷䣬ƾ˼Ҳʼ޷𵽵ʲôط˴
ûлü䣬ܶѾ벻ˡ߲ʵ˳ĬƬ̣ҡͷ̧ǰһӡ
֮Ȼ
ڼװϣһҵҡУΧǺ֮֮ת⣬͸ĻĿ߲ʣ߲ʹâ£ɫʼƽؼκ鶼޷а㶯ɫ߲ʵˡ
𣬼װζΧһĻȻǱĳ֮£Ҿ޴ĴֻƳʮɡ
⴬ֻƾǿ󣬿ȴֻ˲ɡ֮޷ֹ߲ʵ˵١Ŀ˸¿νΣ߲ʵ˻ΪĳЩԭ򲻻ɱȴҪ㹭
㹭־ܽϵشЩ֮֮ҪģֲԼԷȥѡԸԼڶԷһ֮䣡
һħۣȫʢʱڵҲֹʮʱĿ˸䣬ͻȻ󣬴һ
Ƿɺ责˫ۡ
۽ֻӳ˲ɣͬǵֹ꣬䡭ʱ䡣ɺ贱俪ڣ˫Ŀ¶⣬Ŵ߲ʵˣ¶һɸӵĺޡ
㲻Ƿɺ责תŮӣ֮ͻȻڡ
ŮĿӴջأϣнһ˿֮⣬˵ͷ
ǱѡĺߣҵȷǷɺ责Ľ㣬ɺΣ
˫ۣϸĿ˶Էۣû˵
ҵӦҲ֪߲ĵ¡ŮӿУ̧֮ǰֻĻһӣȴ̱߲ʹâƣֱĻȥ
ĻںϺһϢȻ⴬ֻɢǷĻ̸ǺȫʱȻ΢ɲ졣
ҽúҲ㣬½еĵһŹ޴˳ߵڸΪϣڴ˵֮ˣһ̫в֪ηɳĴƬ
߲ʱܲ룬ҲȻúôջԵɺϣ˵ڣҶʼûףǲƬ˵鿪ԵһܲᷢƬһ顣
ٵһ飬߲УҲˣҿ˴˵ģΪڸƬϢҷȫΪȫѹߵڡ
;УңҸûаİ£ȫΪʧȥȡѹƬһƽΪڣϢ
ȡΪƬĴ㣬ƬϾ̫񾳣Ҫ򿪣Ϊѡ
ûǴźĵӣʦʦԴֻֻͨؿ
ߵڣ֮ˣҵҲҽʦһиҵãǱ䶴սŮӻڣ˵¡
֪ǴƬ֮֪ȥ˵įߵɽšɹҰϢʼմɫǣȥߵڣ
õϵ£ļӴ룬ʹöеߵڵӷѡĽڽ⣡Ů˵һ٣֡
ɫƽ㲨Щ飬Ҳжֲ²⣬˿Է֮ҲֻһЩȫţŮӻкܶطһԶʵϻһЩߡ
̫񾳣ʲôطֳĬƬ̣ڡ
½ʼһ˵̫ŴΣÿһο컯ߣΪ𡭡ֱ񣬾ŴοҲȷ˾Ÿ̫
ʮοֵʮ̫
̫ΪһҲ֪
㷽˵߲ʣ뵱߲ʴһһ㣬Ҫһ𰸡Ŀһ˿ϺĻģӰ
ģŮӳĬ꣬Ȼڡ
Ҳ֪նɱ˵į֪ǰҸߵķⶴʱڷһҵս
ⳡսǵ󲻾ã߲Ӧ˱չأƬ֮Ҳº֪ƬڵƷУһ


1695 ǣ
ǳսҲδۿһжõļ䣬Ϊͨ죬һ˶ռĴսߵڵӡ
ѹԵǿƣˣʱ뼸λѱ䣬һͬǳ֡
֮ʱӹˣȥ߲ʱչ֮Ƶ߲ʲòһս
һսǼң߲ʱƣ֮£ٻ˴ڶ֮ǶԿ
գˣ̣Ӵ˲֪ȥ˲壬Ӧ»ⶴڡ
Ҳͬ˱ɢ֮ѪɢⶴȻܱ˵û
߲ȫ꣬һ̺һͨ⴬ֻ
һ̺꣬⾳Դ֮Ǵս֮ӶݣӦڽڡ
һ߲꣬ȫļ䣬ٻõƬ̺֮ﱻʲôط
һ꣬ûбԴûֱͨҲ֪ںδĳʿĳˣĳޡεֻУԼѾԼݣļʼڳ˯
֮ͨһ߲ʵˣսߣƵļλշǵӡСˣ̾ڽ⣬ʼѰҵꡭ
Լ־ҵ˵꣬ɺձԴ⾳ĵڶ꣬ɳΪµ߲ʣ
ͬǽڵĵڶҲѰң˭ҵԳΪߣ
˼䣬ûҪĵ꣬޷ںɣʶ߲ʵǵڶ꣬ʼ޷ɶԷ
Ī˵ǣ߲ʱʱɢǣҲ޷˴ɡ
߲˷ֳ⣬Ƿ룬ǣֻУһδλŸݣǵĻ꣬ȴ߲ʣ
߲ʵڶ꣬ǣǼҵˣҲ޷ɣɣĻһҵ˵֮£ǽб߲
һУⶴأ
ˣ֮ǰŮ˵½飬ֻԱƽЩȴ˺ɫٱ仯
֪ʲô
֪Ϊδֻ߲ʵˣԼõǸΪβͬ
Ҳ֪ˣռڵŮ˵ŲָΪΣţпܾⶴ֮š
֮ŵĿκ˴򿪣ǰŮӸ˷ӿķ
һЩԲϵĵطЩϸûۿʶֻͨŮӵĻиֳһĻĻԼĻ档
ʵЩ룬࣬пܾ
ǡԭǣ˵սϹӦƺʱ𾪲٣
Ҳ֪߲ʽ磬ȥˮ֮ʱ߲ʵҲ̸֣жսϹ͡
˵սϹһĪսϹǵڶ겻ɣ
Ҳֻʸ߲ʵ˶Կ˵սϹڣһ꣬˻꣬ڶ꣡
ڽĴսҲսϹ߲ʵ֮չǵĿģҪ޾ɱ¾£ҵ꣡
ô꣬˭𺳣Ϣ˵νǺ˺Ժڵһ˱ʣ
ǡҵ߲ʽ磬߲ʵ˿ˮĿ⣬ͬڿһ㣬ʱ֣ȴδ³𰸣һȻ֮
ˮʦ֣֮һѹһңѹܻɱ¾Դѹһ̤ͼΪǿ
ֻ֪ˮˣֻ˭ҡ֣ǻǲǡֳĬ¶⡣
ҵĿģɱ߲ʣֻɱҵԹޣĿһǵĺ˫Ӯ
ҿȥʦ𣬽Ϊ֮ߵҲԲҪһ߲ߵڵɽţȫУ
ⶴˣ޷߳ǳܲס֮ʦҲ㡣
һзǾ޷½ȴֻأתֻ֮ǻ½Ͷ̥ĻǼѺȥһһѰҡ
ģѵķ
ֳĬã̧ͷŮӣĿ¶˼
Һ߲ʵսϹΪҲ޷Կɱ
ֵĻŮЦò˵Ůӵò˿һЦ֮£绨֦Ҳ绪ȻĶ֮ġ
ɱ߲ʣ
һⶴķӡټϵĴսٻ˺ܶط޷Խֻõ壬һ˿Ԫ
߲ʵ˻ǵڶȥģҲⶴ֮۵Ԫ࣬һҵΪɱˣ
һеڶڶصǵ꣬ҽһͨҵ꣬ͨɣ׵Ĩɱһдڡ
Ӵ֮ǵ꣬Ұ߲ʵڶ꣬ǣӴ߲֮ʣ
ãߣӣ˫޳ɵ£һһоͶصԭĹ켣֮С
ŮˣҲԳΪӣ½ϣпõŮޣҲ԰һͬ
߲ʵˣҰ˲Ůޣã֮˴ҰѰҡ
ʦİ£˫֮ںϣΪӣõ̫Ƭ֮½ңܺù磡ŮһЦ˵
ƽɨŮһۣв֪ΪΣ뵽һĻں֮ǰ顣
Ǽ飬ֵĸдΪ̣ǵڣȥһǧ꣬Ǽ
֮أ֮Ůʥ棬ŮӼΪң˫ĿڣȫѹضԹ졣
ŮӶصԹǰ˼ΪƣǷʥ˵ƣֱѾˣ׿˵һȴã
֪棬˭ȷġ
Ժ˵Ҫα߲ܿʵ˵׷ɱԷĻûκ˼ȻЦĻȴ˱֮ڣϾŮӳڵĺɱ߲ʶԴҶкô
²ѣҽѪȷ˺֮һٿش˴Ųƣֱ㰲ȫͳŮ΢΢һЦ
Ѫ˫ĿһȻЩˣһǶԷָ·˵أ˵ǷȻ棬⡣
²㵱˵ļ̳


1696 Ϊ
߲·ɺΣ֮΢ɲһЦҪڣʱͻȻħ̾ҵһ
𶯴ͬХʹħڲͬʱк£ɨԶ
ͻȻıʣǷɺɫһ䣬͵Ŀħ⡣
˫һԾ뿪ۼװ֮ߣƮ۶˫Ŀ¶⣬ͬ⡣
ֻħ⣬߲֮⻷£߲ʵ˫ǰϵĻ裬ÿһδ˦𣬶пХħĻ֮صǹĻתۼ䣬мС鿪
޷ûյʱ䣬ƲۣɺջĿ⣬ֵ֣
˵ļ̳лãǼ̳һɵ֮Ϊ޷ƿҲûƿıҪȴǲͬ
ƿǼ̳ķڴУΪػӡ˼̳ħһ㣬ھҪȥֻʱ䣬ҿԲٿشӶݣ߲ʵ࣬Ҳˡ
졭üͷ˿ħٴ£߲ʵͨǿʹħҪ㡣
Ѫ֮£ҲħĳܸȤʱ䣬Ӧоһɫ¶˼ڡ
ҪоϵĽƣɺһҲãҲգֵ˽ⶼȫ棬֪ڽϵ裬˿ֻɺɫŹ֣֮󿪿ڡ
ħҴŵĽ˵ƷҲﵽƷĳ̶ȣķĪ˵㣬ңҲûаտоס
ѣȰ㻹죬ȥ̳һԣ֮ŹΪɺλΪί񣬵ȴΪʸоħֵۣĻоΪ
һ鶴ޣҲͼȥҴŽʵǿЦ̫ˣ
ŶĪǵѵĳо˴۽ƺ󣬻ռݴ۲ɣ¶ЦЦ֮ɫɨǷɺһۡ
ڴŮ˼Ȼ֪һ֮ˣ޷׽͸֮⣬֮ˣ޲һƬ
ŮӽöȻ֪߲ʵ˻׷ʶ֮󣬵߲ʵ׷ħϡ
ԴΪصв߲ʵˣ֮ѹȣû˿в֮ԣʵЧȴǱвʤ١
£ƺֻӶԷĽ飬佻Ѫһ;ˡһȫȫڶԷС
ʵҲȷ룬ⷯɺνöˣǱĴ㣬ǻˣʱıߣֻѡʱܹΣ
ֵǣȥŶԷһлϲһԼԼĸо
˿ħ۱Էٿأȥ˼̳һҲڶԷļ£ҿһЩ˵ڶԷķڣûаȫС
װݣΪߣȴҲ٣˿̻һȷʵ
ܽħоղٿȨôԽΧ߲ʵ֮ǳ׵ķΪ⿪Է֮֡
Ƿɺɫһܿͻָ糣΢΢һЦڡ
˵ЦˣģǱо۾ǣСŮԵš˵ˣȴЦͲΪʸ
ƻЩϲѷľǣĳİѴ۽оˣҲռΪУỹѡɫЦЦ˵
ǷɺƽĿһۣЦģҲãܳоϵĽƣǴ۾ֺη
ɲˣôǲҪ˷ʱ䣬ҽѪȥȫ֮
޷ĳȿ˵ûгɹԻֵȵľһ仰ɫ糣ǷɺΣߵһԣϥʶɢӽƬװ忪ʼо
ɺĿ䣬ֵѪҪõԴѪͿʦһķһĿֳΪܣܣɱ߲ʵҪֶΡ
˾ܺǽҾܰħ۽ȫգڽҲУϾǶޣ֮ܶѣϣо͸½Ľƣ
ʵڿЦҿоʧ֮ѪңһֶζԸɺɢ¶͵΢Ц֡
ʶɢͬʱüĹǵ˸ת֮ʱĿĿħǵ½֣֮ǵתںһֵ֮֮ɲǣϥϣͻȻǵ͸¶ģӻû
Ӱһ̽ȫڣͬϥԶԶһһĻΪˡ
ǵӰСı䣬˿̳ģֻмʮɴСȥҲͬһСɽڣӰı
һĻǷɺôŮüͷһ塣
Ҳδ̫Сˡ
Ե֮ػȫŷݵɢʶµļװڣʶȥ˲䣬һֹ֮ʶ롣
֮ǼװϵĽʹֿⲿȥȴܿװƵڲṹ
ɺЦһħŷ˽ܶࡣ
˵谭֮ûмĽ裬˼ͻȻһ㶣˫Ŀ¶⣬Ķ֡
ֻǵӰڵ̧֣һӼ䣬һӡȻ֣ʮٸǧת֮£Ȼнӡͬʱ⡣
Щӡ໥صɢĿĹ⣬˲ϢһһưԼװ塣
һ֮£װһ𣬾һħۣҲǲ˼£һɲƴܼ֮ɢת۾ʹӷɺߴ۴ɵļװϡ
ŲɨװĿȻȫͬȥ¶˱ԴĿһɨħʲôװ壬棬һƷһչ
һȫ֮ͬ£ܣɢڹ⡣
Ȼƿ˼װƵķǼ򵥵ĻһЩƣڽƵգȻվ˼ߵλáɺεֵĿ̲ͬ
ҲѹţڽǷΣⶴڵĽֻ½Ƶһֶѣ̶̵ʱ䣬˾ȫգɺγĬƬ̣¶Ц
ɫƽ̧һĽϣ˫Ŀ֮̾ɫ˸ϡ
װֻħ۽ƵΧѣϵĽȴǰǧʱ䣬ȷִЩ


1697 Ĺ
־߲ʵ˺俪ƹĻƱȫ񶼳ǽƵоϡ
ʱһĳ֣Ƿ紵ħ۵ĴϣϵķʹǷϵɭɭ˫Ŀ¶֮â
ƶ֣¶˹΢Цͬһ㡣
üͷһ壬ЩвȻ޷ģ̧ͷĿһɨ˷ĹϣĿ˶
񽥽ƽͷٴγ˽С
أֽµļװƹâ˸㲨ƻװ壬ŸԶɢ
ĴУ˽࣬½ҲԣΨŻ٣ֻǵ֮ڣ˹ӴĹޡ
װϵĽƣȴǴĹŻֳĿ֮ɫŨָ֮һƷġ
ģһСĹŻ˻ĿɨУģؿǽڣһӴľײֲҪƽһ
ʱţתۼʱʱУֻĽƹĻϣĻҵ˸£߲֮ƴ͸ҫǼװϡ
ɺн䣬֣֮ǰȻƽϢȥѽƿ֮Уʱһ
ħôоף֮ǰܴװƵķȻǼˣͼ⿪۽ƣְ֣ʵ̫Դˣɺɫƽ˿ĵЦ
ѣѾʱˣȥ̳üɺڣĶ
ţ·ûʼնָĽƣĿ֮ɫŨ
ŻΪڣʹýƱɻһͿǧ򻯣֮Խǿ󡭡˽ѣ
ڵʱȻ˫ֺۣݺݵǽƷһ㣬һ֮£ƷĶʱһɲǣһֻõ߻һֱɢûɢ̫Զͱһץסݺݵһ֮£߽⣬ȴûɢһָ£Ǻٴλƣԭ
ǵһ˫ĿżװϱоȫٿصǸƷģɫƽ̧ͷǷɺΡ
ʱ仹
ɺüͷһ壬־ƿһƷģװϵĽƷģ޷ҾˣҲֻΧѣħ۵ڲơ
ʱƿһٶȣʱ䣬Ҳֻƿʮѣ㡭ɺλﻹû˵꣬ͻȻܣ֮
Ŀɿڴ£ۿһӼ䣬װϵĽƱоŸ˴۳µĽƣһһԭ
⡭ɺֻǻûȫڣ˫Ŀ͵͹¶˼֮ɫ
ȴٴһӣ֮ȻһɼװķĽʮٸǧոǼȫɢĺ˺ɫķ籩װϸ߸߾ܻ
Ϣ䣬ܰڣκνƣΨɫķ籩Х籩ķѣ»һӡǣȫԭǷɺε𾪣Ÿոտʼ
õѼЦˡ΢΢һЦ
ɺǿһ˿΢ЦͷѽϵȻǷֻװϵĽƣǧ֮࣬⿪˰֮һҲѵá
̧֣Ŀ¶⣬Ƿɺλһ٣һټ䣬Ȼ˸һƬڹװɢ
֮װеһɲͬʱǧУ֮࣬˿ȫʱħ۾ҵĲ
ͬʱ½ֽϻûɨװ壬ϣһɹɺգʱڣƱת
ƣڴֻ߲ʵˣҲĿһϸĿ˹ȥ
˵ǱߵķɺˣĿһУɲһƬհס
ʱôܣװϵĽƾֻΧʱȫ⿪ǵƽ⣬ƽ䷴ٿء⡭⡭
䣬ɢȫڼװϣת£װϵǧƣд֣
˫¶֮ɫ̧ĸƷƯϣĸƷĴһĴ̬
ƽװƣ˵ѣѵãҪѧϰŻʱֻֿоһƣʵϣֻҪһоף͵˹Ż
Ͼ֮ǰֶڹŻһ֪ǵ֮صĹŻҲоֻǽƿʵϻкܶȱݣЩȱݵĵطӰֽ
װϵĹŻȻΪ
֣Ȼǵɽϣڽо֮õ֣ȻΪڣԴڽƵ˽⣬ʱԿ͸һУ
վӣִһ˦صװϲдƣȫаŻһЩִδơ
ûǸʱȥЩûĽȫһһ˽⳹ףֻԿһ£һЩʶ󣬱ǿл
ַʹװ٣ȴںܿʱڣ׵ħ۵Ľƣһȱڣ
ǷɺεУװнȫֲٿأվװϣ־װˣĿ¶֮⣬˷ɺһۡ
оŲƣװΪһ㣬»а˲㣡ѣ㷽˵ĳƿƣҪң
ɺɫ԰ףŻħ۵һƵƿķ֣ԼԴ۵ĲٿأƱһ֣ͷһһ
ôҲû뵽ֻʱͻ˾䡣
Էû˵ֺЦҡͷһμ䣬Ӱʧװϣ֮ʱȻ˻ħڲڶװ֮ϡ
ʧ֮ɺ¶⡣
ƿ˵һΣ۽ԽǺԽѣҾͲţޣȫٿħۣ
ʱţһʱʱʱת£߸ʱһʱ伱ٶ߲ʹâԽӴĿħ۸ǲӾңΧĹĻȻ߲ʵƿ˴롣
߸ʱոչȥһɲǣӵڶװڣͻȻһɾϢ𣬻ħ͵һ
ܣɺֱվӣеȻκιâ޷ڸǣħ۵Ĳٿ֮һ˲ֱһ֣޷Դ۲ٿزֻܷ࣬䲻ֱ֮˲֣˿̵ֶֻһ˿ѡ


1698 ô
һƿ˵ƣ۽ȫڶԷС
ǷΪ
ɺ¶⣬ĿһͻȻ̧һָֻķĻһָ֮£ǲĻͻȻ
˲Ϣ䣬ɺһΣ̴һװ³뵽˵ڶ㡣
ɲǣ߲ʹâȫħۣ߲ʵˣһ̤˼װϡ
߲ʵ˽Ųµɲǣװ֣ϥ͵̧ͷϷɫƽоһ
ȻˡЦǷɺεļ㱻״ƺصв޷ȡЧȻѡ߲֮ѹ
˿߲ʵڵĵһװ壬ȻֲٿأһӵԶԷҪֳٿصһװĽƣֹ߲ʽ롣
ôҲᣡĿһ֮ǰһӣħ۵һװ壬ʱ죬ȴһ㣬нȫֹͣתƽ
һװƽ˲䣬һ춯У߲ʹâ͸˵һ㣬뵽˵ڶ㣬߲ʵ˸ǳЦУᴵ֮ͽ뵽˵ڶڣ
˿̣ǷɺȻ̤˵㣬̤ɲǣɫ䣬̾ͲֵľٶһΣ˲Ϣͬߡ
ڸʲôĪɣ߲ʵһҲ֣Ȼ򿪵һ
룬ұ򿪵ڶ㣬ȫкһƽڡ
㣡ɺĶ֣¶ɱ
Ȼܴ򿪴Ļʡ٣Ϊβܷſһװ壬ֱӽڶ㣡
֮䣬ûޣҪ㹭Ҹǣһԣ밲ȫ͸ĳ죡ֵ䣬뷯ɺζУɫ̲԰ס
Ҫ죬ҪŪһЩСһУݹĳֱӴ򿪵ڶ㣬߲ʵĿԷ
Ŀ⣬ǷɺһƬ⣬֣ȻöԷȻ˿£ӵôĻ
һһеһߣ˸ȫռƣұٶѹסˡĻ̫
ɺγĬĶԭδеĶ֮ޣ˼ļɵ
ͣĻ½Ȼպ֮
ֿ˷ɺΰ죬ջĿ⡣
˿ϷڶװϺصװ嶼ڲ֮˸߲֮âԿӣƼֲ˶þͻ
ҪʩչȫΪȡʱ䣬ȥƿ㡣֪㻹ֶΣԱԼƽ˿ħ۵Ĳٿϣ൱ĳϣҲȥֻڣ˵˻㲻˫ĿһգӰ⣬³˶Ƶоϡ
ɺɫΪãŻץͷֵһ仰мɵֱָֻģ˵İû
ȷֶΣҲΪֶΣŻ֮ǰǴݣ߲֮ѹ֡
Ҳûϵ̶̵ʱУȻƿ˻ħ۵ƣһĲٿأҪʩչֶΣҲȷҪϡ
кδ㣬ӣҲ޷ƿ¼Ƶʱ䣡㲻ٿأĻǻüȥȥĻɺҧڡ
ո˵꣬ȻȴϷڶװ̾дΧıڽƣɻ
Ҫʱ˫Ŀ˷ɺһۡ
㣡ɺŭЦ֮͵ת˫һָϷǵڶװ߲֮Ȼ
־ԭ˶ԴⷯɺνãǶȣһ޵˲Ҳˣ
˿Ȼ׷֣ħ۵Ľƶдãƿ㣬ֵĴȻﵽԲֻһͿںһ𣬵Դ
ƣдִδ˿о֮£ڽϵ裬ͻͽ
ʱһţڵڶʱ󣬵ڶװϣ֮£һѷͻȻ֣֮£һУڶװ峹ױ
ɺһΣһѪ˺󼸲ͬʱ߲֮Ǳĵڶװϼɢ
ʱ˫ĿͻȻ˫͵һƣװĽƺ𣬻һŴֱϷ
ţȻ³ֱӾʹӵ㣬뵽˵Ĳ㣡
ĲͬʱǷɺҲͬһȥ
ħ۵Ĳװ壬˴Щ£谭ʶߡ
ƿڶ㣬ȥֹˣʱǼޣ¾⿪˵㣬Ҫ俪ҿԶԣֻһʱ
֣㵽Ҫҳ֮ǰ㣬ҲΪǹͬĿģ˵ѪңҲͬҵѪĪһܺ㲻ɣ
ѾȵزӦ콻Ѫٿشۣȫƿغ󣬻һƴ֮ɺ͸ĲװϿ֡
ͬɺΣ֮ȻЦˡ
ʱ㻹ƭô
ƭ㣿ɺ¶ʹϧ̧ͷһϷ㣬˿ϣһƬϸܵѷ졣
㣬ǷɺΡ̾˿ͷ֮ϵѷΧĳ֣ŶԷڡ
Ǻ⣡ŮɫȻƽ֡
Ƿɺ责ʵϴ̤ħۿʼѾңҽѪҲˣͲкЩ顣
㵣ҲύǱ֮ǰһѪ䣬֪Ժַ任ϢɫǷɺΣ
Ϊ⣬˺˵˶أԴҸţǷɺΣ˺ƿƣһзӦ棬ͬм٣
֮ǰûףڣˡƽĿŮӣ˵
˿Ϸװ壬ҵĻص֮£ѷ࣬͸߲֮ɫƺܿҪһ
˲ɣ˵һУŮüͷ
ôһУǼٵģڶ㡢㡢Ĳ㣬ȫǼٵģǼٵģ߲ʻ棬⴬ֻϵȴǼٵģһý磡
ʵĻý磬ִҲƵķͨȴδκһʵʵ˿£
Ůһ£Ц˺󼸲¶֮ɫ֣ɬĿڡ
ٵģ֣ķô㡭ԸҽѪҲͰˣȻ˵ЩǼٵġ
кһ̧ڱԵĵֱһƺȥ
һ֮£ǵȻ߲֮ɲǾʹӱ͸Ĳͬʱ߲ʵ˵Ӱһ


1699 лã
ʲôŮ˫͵͹¶֮ɫӼ˺תۼ˳Զ˫֮һƬ߲֮ȫǻ߰ѳХ⼱ת
󣬺Ȼһ޴ӰӰһ߲֮У͸˵
ɫûκα仯վһǴӵ߲ʵˣɫĮ֮һﲻ̧Ĳװ𶯣ȴУһĿĽ
ǽֻĴСɢĹâˣȴ̫ͬУǰһӼ䣬⽾Хֱ֡
ֵͷ̾ȼڸһ˸£˺ѵʹ࣬ɫŤȫҪһ̱ٵĽڻ
˫ĿȴһƬƽûа仯ǽٽԶŮӲУǽû
ôˡķˡһϢŮȴ˫ͻȻ󣬴ĿǰЩ
ֻǽбӦ֣ȴ£һ߳ͷûаȼգ·ûκɫûƣƽƽƽ
һУǼٵģֱ˫̧ۣǰһӣ߲ʹâɢɢ߲ʵɢĲװɢ㡢ڶ㣬ȫɢ
ɢģŮӣŮһ޷ţãӰɢ˴˵ء
˫ۣ˫Ŀһɲǣ˫Ŀŵģǻħ۵һװϣǴ֮ƮķǷϵĹ΢Ц
ֵ壬ϥǵһļװϣ⣬ǵӰ֣ĲԶŮͬϥͬ˫ۣĿ¶ã
ԭҲ֪ŵһĻǻþתͷ⣬Ļ㣬⣬ȴûκ߲֮⣬û߲ʵ˵Ӱ
ҲǼٵġ
ֳĬվӣһӣӰɢܵһУĿǴϵķ
ʲô顭˿̣ŮеãȻɢ֣͵תͷܣһкɫ̴䣡
ҽǿͨΪɱ߲ʣȻҲͨ£ŮӣǷɺ责վӣĵ˺󼸲һѪ
߲ʵ˵٣Ǽٵģ׷ˣȴûгǵǰֵ˫ĿʼǷϹĹ˵
ǽú˼ΪһжƣвҽѪΪҳһɲǣͰһŪ˻ý磬û߲׷ļ㣬ǵ
Ҳ֮ǰ׼о˵ؽƵ˲䣬ʩչһлã޷͸ǻлڣЩıҽѪˡ
һˣֻһҸоĪ⣬ļɵֶһǾ㣡ɫƽҲûаڡ
ɺɫ԰ףĬа֮ǰȫϸһ飬ɫ̼ΪȻȷ˵Ϊ棬Լĵȷȷ˽Ļ
ӵ˻ͨ½ĴţӦԻƣ
ģȷǻ˿ѧҽӵѧϰʣȻ˫ػõľ磡
֮ǰ˵Ļлã˫ػˣٽһܴﵽػǲ߳ɺ贳ĬƬ̣ڣɫ¶ӡ
֮ǰ˵߲ȴǱʦ𸴻ҲǼٵģûһΣпܣ߲𡭡
½Ե¶֮飬Ҳ㷽˵
ЩĳȤֻǰһȥֱӾǴ˵ķԣ˫¶âֺݺݵһ˺֮£ͰǷ׵˺
˱Ҫˣ
һɲǣ½ǱһƬɽУںдŮӣŮ͵˫ۣһѪ¶֮ɫ
ȻƿҵĴ
ͬʱħڵռڣһһƬ߲֮â˸У߲ʵϥһƬʬУɫ仯ʱ¶ʹ࣬ʱ¶˷ܣֹı飬ϺǺ
ȻҲڽһ˲䣬˻þڡߣԸڣĻΪܲǷɺΣҪ߳þǲѵġ
ֻǣΪҪԸڻþڲѣһ㣬ֻԼ֪ˡ


1700 
ǻħۼװϣ˺¹˫һչĿ⾼ϸĿǹһۣʹǹƻһ㣬ͬ֡
½ķɺ֮ңңʩչܴﵽػõĿ³̶ȣҪǽŴ˷֮
ļǵãԼڷǻþУл֮ǰǿһ˺һɼֱƿ˫۵һ̣ɻ
ǻþеһУֻֿǹһɲǼ䷢
ҴŵķҲһħ۵귫һԵķɺ贳ĬƬ̣ڡ
ǽ֮飬ĳȥᣬѪ뽻Ŀͬ˴ûаػģҲԺ
ֻ֮ǰо˼ȡߣħĳҲҪˣ£Ƕ֮ǰĲ죬⳥ĳ֮һ˦ṉ̀봢ռ䣬תƽĿɺ贡
ɺſҪ˵ЩʲôջûֻǳĬվ¶ӡ
Ҳ뿪ۣҿԼĴҪ֮ʱᴫٻ֮ǰڻþ˵ĵż̳Ƿħڣ˵ţкһ
ɺ贳Ĭãҡҡͷ̧ǰһӣһöֱֶȥһסһһͼ
˵ؿռޣγɣ뵱궴֮սйأܲ˺Ѷȴǲ֪ΪΣһһ㰴յͼȥͻῴǵż̳ˡ
ڣҲһ֮ͨǰý˵ģɵķɺڣ̧ͷ˫ĿԶǿգ̺˼֮⡣
ֳƬ̣Ƿɺ贱ȭתһ֮¾̤ħۣҪȥ֮ʱɺĵĻ
ҽΪ˸ȻһУҲá֮ĺҿȫ㣬ֻһҪⶴȥ½ʱһߡؼҡ
ⶴĴ򿪣ΪѣΨеֻ֣ӵм䣬֪ڣΨٻ·£ſԽߵڶ𸮡
ڣҲǵս֮أﾡ𲻿ȴһͨ½ţ򿪴ţʹյĶ
ֽŲһ٣ĬƬ̺תӺɪķɺһۣ˵ͷ
ҴӦ㣡ֺٸ˳ŵΪ˵󣬵һŵ
Ϊģ޹أһ鶼ûйֻΪŮ˵ĸ֡
ؼҡ
ɺҧ´ֵ֣Ļص˵ͷҧ⣬һѪѪɢ֮âܿͱ˽ɫֱֶȥ
ҵѪ
ֽסǵɫѪҺںתûлͷڵǿȥ
ħ۵ĽƣѾҪȥоˣǶػĿ£Ȼʵ죬ڻֵĸо߳˻Ҳɴڡ
ͬǷɺڻˣƿ˻һŵͨȷǹĪ⡣
ǹǻħ۵ڲֻô򵥣棬ĽƣЩƣ˻ħ۵ȫ
ֻҪѴ˷ҲոĽƣֱӾԴ˷ٿǻħۣǿУĿ¶˼ʶ봢ռڣǹĹУһЩٿصķ˵࣬ʱĶȹջ᳹׽ƿء
Ƭ̺Ŀһȥǹ֮£̧üġ
į֣֮˵ε֮Ѫ˵ѪԪȫõ֮ǿ
̳Ҫȥﻹ컯Ϊܿ飬ЩܱȽϻǲ硭
ԶĴս֣ǵĿľѰҵꡭһҲʡȥһƣʱΪʱֳٶԽԽ죬ʶɢĹ۲ܡ
ǿһƬڣһ޵Ϣʱ֣Щ޶ûκεвʶһɨЩ޾Ͳˡ
İڣ裬޶û˿ѹȣȴǲȷһ㣬Ǿ߲ʵˣǲ
ʶʶɢҲȫעа쳣ѡӶݣ˵ΣգֲܲȥǼ̳
Ϊһȷ飬ŵôҲߵĳ̶ȣҲӵһΪ
ǰУʱֺȻŲһ٣ɫ̾˱仯ûκԥ͵һˣɲǾҪʧ
佫Ҫʧ˲䣬ȴһĶǰǿգɫ仯
ʶڷŵһ̣ʮ⣬һƬ޵ʬУϥŵһӰӰȫɢ߲ʹâһ
ɫʱӣʱãʱи˷ܡ
߲ʵˣ
Ƭ̣˫Ŀһ߲ʵ˴˿̵ӣǹ죬ָով֮ǰĻþ˿һĥһۿԷпҲǳ˻þУ޷԰Ρ
пܾǷɺʩչ߲ʵ˵ΪȻҲ˻С¡²ԾǼߣһ˼̾Ϳڡ
ĬƬ̣ĺһȥ߲ʵ˴˿̵״̬Ȼ׷
˵Ļִȥ̳ûΣա
һ棬־һᣬ߲ܽʵĻþڣô֪һЩأǸо߲֮Գڻþڣ¾Ƿɺһ֮£֮
оǷǰǧѷ꣬Ļᣬպ󶨻ڣ
˰ʱ䣬˫¶⣡
󣡡ǰһΣӰȻʧʮֵĽСģ֮ʱȻϥ߲ʵ⡣
˴ʬ壬վһͷʬϣͷϸĿһµʬģ˫һ
Щʱ䲻Ӧû೤ʱ䡭̧ͷԶ߲ʣ̧һ֮£Ա߾һʮɴСʬƮ𣬱һ֮䣬ʬХֱ߲ʶȥ
Ŀ⾼΢ʱ׼ӶݵľٶĶʬɲǾͽӽ߲ʰڡ
ʬɵɲǣȴ߲ʵ߲ʹâȻһһ֮£ʬʱϢ䣬ֵ߽ĿС
ûѪ⣬ûκĩȫʧ
ȻˣֳĬƬ̣һǰȥ죬ǰģ߹˽ɣ߲ʵ˰⣬֮ǰʬɢԶͣ
죬͵һҧֱϥ£̧һüģһָֻУ̧䣬ֵǰȻģ͵ǰһ㣬ңңָϥ߲ʵˣ
Σãε֮
ָ£ֺȻһѪеģɢûκα仯
ε֮Ҫֱӵ߲Ϊ֮ߣнֹһУ޷Էþڡ
üͷɫ¶ʡ


1701 ԭ
һϢ߲ʵڲϵɢϢܣʹޣδӽ̺Ȼˣ
ϢҪǿң֮ҿһǿزò񷾪ֵѹ
߲֮ʵܻʬпǿպڳþ֮ǰɱ
ǵ֮ˣ˿߲ʵ˰⣬˫ۣƬ̺͵ҧ⣬һѪһѪ಻٣оʮŵΣÿһѪڣ̺ȫΪϢ
˫Ŀأһ˦ʮŵѪ̷ɳһƯüġ
Ų𡭡Уȫ֮ȻתȫüһѪڣУһ˿Ԫ
Ѫ̱ľӨ͸ԶԶһͬˮһ㣡
ںֵĵ֮ѪɢĿâǰһѪֱǰȥµľʮ˵ѪͬʱܣһγһƬѪɫ⻷
ǹ⻷УֱӾʹ͸߲ʵ˰֮ڡ
ڽɵɲǣʮ˵ѪɵѪɫ⻷ֱ߽⣬ϢɢһգֻʣǵεŲѪǵɢȴΪǵѪֿ˵һĻ
ѪХ䴩͸ʮɣ̶̵ʮУ˲ǧΣÿһεĻ𣬶ǵŲĻָ¼ٸԭ
ɲǼ䣬Ѫͽ뵽߲ʵʮڣڽ˲䣬ŲĻָ֮һ޷ĹֻѪɢֻʣһ˿
һ˿Ѫ۾ҲɿϸͬԷֵ̺֡һԪⲻϵĻ£ʹݶɫŤ
һжתۼţһ˿Ѫȫһ˲͸ʮɣӡ߲ʵ˵üģüĵɲǣѪɢֵһԪȴ߽Ƭ̣߲ʵ˵塣
֣˲˫Ŀһգд֮
ε
ֳڵһ˲䣬ʶǿյһȫǱһƬ߲֣֮񣬳޾Ԩ
һ߲ʵ磬߲ʵģҲ߲ʵģƲ㣬Ҳͬɢ߲֮âһɽֳ֮ʱվһɽĶ
˫¶ݵã̿ܡ
߲ʵ˵Ļþô
ֳĬнɢʶһԾǰȥһƬƬҲ֪˶ãֺȻһ٣͵ؿǰ
ֻǰһɽϣϥһˣ˺Ȼ߲ʵˡ
ϥ˫ĿţգɫЩ͡
⣬ƯžŸȭͷСĹǹ棬оֻŸ̫߲ʵ˵Ϊ뷨
Ρˣ֣ɺΡ߲ʵૡ
Զ߲ʵˣɫ͸Ź֣˶ԷĻ߲ʵûвԼһ㡣
죬Ŀһ
ĪҲǻлáƬ̺Сĵһ߲ʵȥӽɽ壬߲ʵǧ⡣
߲ʣ¶ϣ̧ǰһץ̴ռûǹȻ֣˷־֪ܲ÷ûȫףȴ;Լʶ
ó˷ϥ£ǰ͵һӣǷ裬ڵһ˿ʶٿ£ֱӾͽӰȻԪǰһȥ
һ֮£Ԫ뿪壬Ƿڣƿһ㣬ֱӾͳ߲ʵˣ߲ʵ˵Ͽգչڹֵӣ߲ʵãȻ˫Ŀڡ
һɲǣǰ͵һ߲ʵ˵˫ͬڶ̾ͽڡ
ȥˣ𣬶߾̴ԼһϤĿЦ
ǰİƱĳǿ˺չǰ磬ȻһƬڱ֮еĸ¥֮أͬһɽţһ¥ػû·һ㡣
ϤЦһ£ӵһͬӣòӢ˫¶âһɰȻĸоп֮ˣĵ׸ܵ
˿̵̧ǰһ޴ĸ¥Ҫ俪˸¥ʱڴһͺȴǸ¥ֱӱ߲֮˸߲ʹâڣ߳һɫŭ֮ˣ
ˣִֿ֮̾ռڵҲ߲
ǸӣӾЩİЦȴ𾪵ϳǷӣ
Ƿһɫ裬ŵԱ߸һ಼£һС˴Ĺͷꡣ
ǹͷиݣ˿˫Ŀ¶׹⣬һɱɱ֮ˣҲİĴսеս
ܿȥȻһսΪңһʿȫڱ˴ɱȺʿУĴս˾ڣͬҲڣ
֮صضɽҡһرһ¥Ƭձ˺ѷ죬󺮷ѷڴɨ֮һƬ⡣
һĻĻ𺳣һºǷ߲𴫳˾ȴǺ£߲Ѫˣɫ͸ʹ񣬷һҵ
ɺΣɺ责ΪҪңҶǲôΪʲôѵΪõǸƬô
ɺΣҳ
;͵Ϯңûɱ㣬뿪֪ҵʱеʹ֪ô֪ôɱңˣǣݸ߹ߵǰͿǼˣ㵱Ҳ֪ô߲͸֮ɫ
ǷӣǣɫȻŴ˻΢΢һЦҡͷڡ
ıԱ˵ĵûȤˣֻΪõƬƬ뿪Ųȥ֮顣
Ƭˣ˿뿪߲˫ͨ죬дһ˦ɫ䣬ͻȻһ޴УڣȻ¶һ޴۾
۾ûκУһƬĮ·ıպ
۾պϵ˲䣬ɫ䡣

Ǹȥ߲˫һӣغ䣬һɺֱܣֵĿȫ
һĲҽл䣬һֲѹ
ڣˣ̣߲ǱܵһУӻݣɢȥ
һݣ߲ʣһݣ⾳һݣȫ䣬һֱԶ
ʱͻȻǵһݻ߲ʣһֱ֮ԶɢĵȥһУɲǾһƬ֪ˣΪʲô߲ʵ˸ĳþڲԸѵԭ


1702 ߲ʣ
ƣ˹ϵо߲ʵˡĿһУһƬ߲ʵ˸Ըڻþеԭ
ǷɺԻþ߲֮ʵãɶԷʩչȴƾǿΪı˻þһУʹþͬʱ⵹תص˵궴֮սһĻĻһΣֱǰ߲ʵɢ֮ȥ
飬Ѱҵ꣬Щȥȴʼûҵйصκ
֪굽ںδֻس˭ǽþͬһص˵һ֮ʱ
һҪþеĵ꣬ȥһ۵ûпԷֻصķ
ı˵ȥ֮þǷʵ˵ҲһҳĻᣡ
¡ɹĻһ⻰þ﷢ӳʵһĻô߲ʺпܣҵ꣡
ӱǹţһĹֱǰԪٶϱ֮ѰҪܶ࣬ȴ޷߲ʺǵȽϣۿǰǿȻû˶Էټʶɢͬʶ޷ԷӰ
ȥУٶ̫¶⣬̧ϺݺݵһģһԪ֮Ԫ֮ûɫȴ֮ѪҪһֵԪήҵӡ
ԪǰһȥǿԪ֮УٶȻ䱩һ¾ʧӰԱٶȵİٱǰС
ɲǼ䣬־ͳңԶ֮أʶչļޱԵУһĨһ߲ʣ
һ㣡ҧ֮ٴһԪ֮ٶһηһ֮кصһɾʹԪԪҪ˺һ㣬ʹ໻ٶȣ˲ϢﵽֿԳܵļޡ
ٶȣɢʶУ׷߲ʵˣ߲ʵӰ߲ʵǰɢɫĹâֱǰ
߲ʵǰüͷһ壬ȻֵĴڣþиıһˣ̾ͻֻ֪µʱ˵Ϊؼܷҵֻ֮˵Ϳһˡ
ֻǧѷ꣬ϾʸʩչȻ֮ˣڣûУ
˿ȥָ棬߲ʵչȫ٣ȥ꣬Ҫ꣬׻ȥʲôط
ֻҪҵȥĵطôаգ߳þѰҶԷĺۼ
ʱɲţ˵Ԫ֮ǿǰ߲ʵ˵ٶȣԪȼգԶԶһͬ棬Хߡ
أǰǿһƬģĺƳһ޴ͼͼ޾Сڣͼһ˲һ۾ϳͼȻ硣
ڽ⣬ʱûзڣлһ壡
ۿǵͼڣȥ֮˵ͼģҲԶλãϸ֣Ȼǽڣ
ڣȥĵطǽڣ¶֮⣬ۿǵڽںһ֮ʧӰ߲ʵһͺ£˫ͼһӣȴͼֵʶмٵͷŴⲻϵ£ʧĵ꣬ٴα߲ʵҳ
꣬ƺٺӶȥ
ͣٺУҲᴩٺȥò˶ã־ͿԿյֻ֮
ͬģ߲ܿʵҲ֪ͬ˿̵߲ʵ˫¶֮ɫ֪ܲһǷ統һʵ֪ԼһǷ࣬ȴһ
һ
ҵ˵꣬ұɣ꣬ұҪ֮ǰҵҲ㲻κҳ¶ϣΪ߲֮Ҫܶ࣬˿̸ȥֹķ
ۿǵٶƻҪͣٵļ߲ʵ˫Ŀļﵽ۷һ㣬ҪͷͻȻһ٣û˿ԥ֮£ԪĹ˸âԪһ֮£ֵȻʧ
֮ʱһƬ߲ʣһ͵˫ۣܵһУȻص˵һػþڣ߲ʵֲԶɽ嶥ϥɫ¶
Ԫ񱻹Ưڰաܵһк󣬲˼һ֮Ԫֱӻصһþڵϡ
ڽɲǣӴϥ͵վûа˷ʱ䣬һֱ֮ɽ嶥ϥ߲ʵȥ
޷ֹڵڶػþڵ߲ʣȴƾŹصһػþڣֹ߲ʵˣǣ߲ʵǰӵڶػþѣһʹﵽֵĿģ
ٽɽ嶥߲ʵ˵ɲǣ߲ʵǾŸͻȻͬʱ˫ۣɢһɾˣ˲ǻ֮ǹ⣡
ȣ֮Ҫǿ˿֮£ȫҪڻһ㣬һػþڵͷ̾ȼ˲ɢ
ֵǾʹϮٽӽһЩͻᱻķٳϢ
޷ɫ԰ף¶֪ڵڶػþڶԷЩʱеֿʲôȴ֪ûֹԷֶΣôҪѡӶݣ
ôȥֲģӺĶɫŸ̫Χ߲ʵˡ
ܽ份ѡô׸ô˫ۼ˸ͷһһĸ֡
ϢֺȻ˫Ŀһ
þǻþ԰䵱һΣҪľ߲ʵ˵ѣУͬ˯ôȥһоͼ˲٣
Ұڳ˯ôҪģǽѣѡ¶⣬һ˦ĿڻױԴǰγһȼյɢС
ͬʱԴԴٱԴͬʱüǰڣʹи
ɱ¾ıԴĳ֣ڽеɲǣֵٰ̺ʶٿظı״ջһȵӣ
Դ۳ŴߣתıԴϢγ壬һȥһȦȦĻ£Ա
һУתȫ֮֮ںһţŤӰֱӻû
𣬱סһƬ̺͵ǱԴŴֱӾһ
һǹ֮ǵ֮𣬸ǹ֮Ĺڣڤڤѧ˿ȫĺ춯أʹ߲ʵش죡
ձزһѷֱӱ˺ɫ䣬߲ʵ֮䣬ճ˺֮
з籩ֵһУȫһ֮ɣ⻹ûоԴзŴ֮ǰ


1703 ̰֣
ֵĺ籩֮³Դڣ˻κȻĴݳ
Ǻͼǿ˿ֱŴһɢؾɲǱһػþۿɼٶ߽
γһݵľ죬ֱͬӾʹ߲ʵľŸ̫ϣǾŸ̫Ļ棬ʱϨļǾ֮Ǵ͸Ÿ̫߲ʵ˵˫У
߲ʵ˵ĵڶػþУһ֮ɫּԭʿϳ֣˿̣ȴǸѹƣô꣬ŵ˵һӣ
ڽ½þҵ˵ĺۼܾҲۼԼģʵģΣһ˽ӽ꣡
Ŀ£괩ٺӣȥ飬˫ٴһӣҪĸһЩʱͻ
Ķߴһ춯صľ޺տʼǿң˲䣬̾ͱΪ߲ʵ˶ߵһ죡
𣡣
£߲ʵǰһУһɴǿе˺ҪػþҪקһ
ǰȻĵ꣬ۿɼٶֱɢͼģȻͼܵһУ˿ȫȻ߽⣡
һ̫ͻȻ߲ʱ̣Ҫֻ֮ͣɲǣһУʧˡ
߲һ£ûа취ȥֹڵһþڽѡ
߲㶹֮󣬷һŭ˼޵
ĿдǴӵһػþڣϥɽ߲ʿдֵĵֱ֮ײһγһɻ֮
ԴУȻѪȫ֮¼ǣʹϮֱӾͱ׳ͬʱǾŸ̫ɢһǿĳٴγ֡
Σ֮ʱȫŲȻ𣬼ٵĻָ̧ǰһӣȴǹûһ֮Уǳɨɲǣɢ
޵ǿڣʬϥ߲ʵ˰⣬˫͵ĿڵѪûκԥֱһȥ
һ֮£ȻʧӰ֮ʱȻ˼Զ֮أٴѪ˵ʱ䶼ûУǰۡ
ңԶ֮أϥʬϵ߲ʵˣ˿ͻȻ˫ۣĿһƬͨ죬ɫŤĶԶһҵ
֣߲ɱ㣬ĲΪˣɨ߲ߵĴʬһ߽֮⣬һƬɻŰ˷
߲ʵ͵վ𣬴ɱ׷ɱȥ
ںԶĵطȻһŭ뻰ɫ԰ףû˿ͣѪѪݶߣ
ϻҲȥƻѰҵ꣬Ȼ׷ҲĻоɶԼ֮ǰΪȴûκκڡ
Ҫô֮ǰûѡƻ߲ʵ˵ļƻôȥ˼̳Ҳֻʱˡ
ǻþһʵģһ߲ҵ˵꣬磬ûаϣ
ȫȫΪµ߲ƿأǸʱԼ޷գ
飬ƻԷƻڱУôĺص޵Ľӽ
˿ӶУǿղĸ߲ܵ׷߲ʵΪʶɢ֮ҪҵԼΪף
ֻȥ̳Ǽ̳ܰҽ⿪ΣϣΪ棡֮ǰȥ߲ʵϥ֮ʱ˰ʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ڳʧٴ֮ڣչ֮յĽʾ̳ڣ
ƺѷ죬ããǺǷɺ˵ǵ궴֮սǣ߲ǣɱ£ǿ˺ɡ
˵ĳһĿռӣʶŻô޳֡
˿̣ѷڵǿƯһ޴ļ̳̳һƬƣǿգȴûƮߣǹ̶ԭ
̳ͨɫǿյɫһֻԵһǣȴ͵Ĺâɢ
̳֮Ա̶Ϊһǣһռ䣬һ㲨Ӵص겻ɢ
ӵĿռ䣬Ҳδѷ죬һЩӳ޴ѷ죬âҲǴЩѷɢ
һĻͬһֽһѷڴ棬ȴֽű͸ĵطȻȻģһЩѷ϶
ŵϢ̳ɢܣȴûɢ̫Զһε֣Ϣɢ
̳Сɽɰ˽ΣһĽݣǽݶҲǼ̳ߵλãɷԲһƬƽȥɼɫӡǷģһ̺˲ɣ󷨡
󷨵ģҲ̳ĴһֱֻۣǵϢǴֱɢ
ֱȴǲֻ̫ʮɴСıһ
͸ס̳ѷ죬Կһռģػ棬һﻨ磬ɲݣһЩ׷𣬷Դһ㡣
ʱһĲҽд԰һĿռڴҽ͸밧֮ͬ⡣
СǰǷŹҰɣĲὲˣٶķҲû˰һٶˣҽĿڸܲˣ
Ųҽ֮ȴǼ̳ռľ޴ѷ촦һ㲣˫¶ʹ֮ɫӰĴѷ
ѷһεĸĤڴ˵Ĥڣۿ¶˴룬¶ӡ
͸ѷ죬Կڴ˵Ŀռڶ߰ССŮСŮӺǿɰһ£һȹ
ҪŹɣҿͦġǴɫȹӵСŮ¶̣ͬ顣
Ӱ仰ʱ˫Ŀ˾֡
ޣ»ûأ㲻ҪʱǻвôǽСŮСץסӰȣһקڶԷĲҽУק˻
̰ǣѸղŵĹ½꣬ղŽˣ˵ġ
ǽ޵СŮ̺΢Ц̰󿪿ڡ
ҪɣٸǽһǧĹ£Ҿ뿪ˡ
̰һԼ屻קµĵط޵Ļˡ
Ҿ֪ǡϴҲûйˣȿˮ


1704 һıߣ
̰¶Ļں޲ѣڽ֣ձϵĳԭ˿
ɽű˽ڽսһս̰ǼΪ˷ܣԼĻˣ˵ⳡս£ܻøıΪӡ
⣬̰ŽƺȻȥƾԱĸӦȻҵƺѷ죬ǽ뵽ѷڡ
˷ܵļѣĲŨķϢϢЦ˰ʱ䡣
ΪԼʢ˵ѷڻ컯пܳȥ󣬾ͲˣҪ֮ǰһзȫ
׳־£̰ǾӣѷռڲϵƾŸӦѰңջ汻ҵż̳
ѵ̰ǣڿ̳ʱ˫ð⣬̳ıԵﻨ磬һ֮£̰Щ˷ܵĺ
ɲݣкܶ඼ֻһЩ伮֪һӶ֮κһ֣Դﵽ֮ΪӵЧ
ɲݣʵ̫̫̰࣬ǼҪϢ
ɲ⣬ǿһͷͷΪ˳ȴɢֲϢޣЩ׷Ϸһ͡
̰ǼľжϣȺֻҪǣͲԼпʱһΪԼĳ
һеһУ̰˷ܵӲûʧȥǣѷϸĹ۲˺ü죬֪ûʿػСŮЦг֡
СŮȥûκεвϲ̰ǿЦû˿ԥһѷڣĿռ䡣
ѷĸĤ˵û˿ãһ̰ǲ⣬һܶƵ顣
ѷСŮǾȴ㶵Լ̰ǿЦһ˦ҪСŮס˷ܵؿʼժȡɲݡ
ֻǣԶҲǲˣЩҵ顣ǵãСŮڱס˵һЩ
˭ôͻȻˡ
Ҳ֪֣ôڵ޽أ
㿴ǲǷˣЩǸС޳ԵĲݰôš
СŮ˰죬ǽ޵Ů߳˼Ͳں̰ǵӡ̰ǵһš
һ̰֮ǵıҾͿʼˡ
żеһĻĻ̰Ȧǰ۾¶֮ɫСŮһ
򲻹ǣԷֻһţЩΪϣȥСŮʵ̫ˡ
ҽҽôϻ˵ǸײУª޳ܣŵĴħͷ֣µĶ̰ɤƴ˻棬̱ϵ˵š
̫ɶˣôأǴɫСŮűӣǲ˵ֹ
ǵǰ˵ôҺʦȥѰҩݵʱܵһֵʶһأ˵֡
̰ʹĽŹµʱ԰ѷ⣬Ǽ̳ڵããǿУɫҰףٴѪǰѪݼۡ
ǿƱȼգŸ޴ĻХ׷˾ɢǿյѹǾֻ߲ʹâ߲ʵһɱŭ
ҿܣҪɻңԽǻָԽʹ࣬ҸҪԪǣɷ˷ͷ֮ޣ
ȫȼգǾҵʹģѪҺķһ㣬תʹŨѪṇ̀壬ͬһ޴Ļ¯ںٻ
˻汾Դ˿ҲֻӻѣⱾԴ߲ʵͨ£Ҳ޷ֿķա
壬һ·ϲϵػָԽǻָʹԽּ޷ܣȴҧţû˷Ѱʱ䣬Ѫݼۡ
Ǽ̳ԽԽ
Ƭ̺һŲУңңĿǵͼָļ̳ڿǼ̳ɲǣоһһȼյĳ磬ֱ̳ȥ
Ҳڴ˿̣Ǽ̳Ե޽ӵѷУ̰СĵȥСŮ̸ֶ˲䣬̰Ƿ˷һ㣬ٵĺˣһͷײѷ죬ٵĳ
ɲǣ̰ϲõˮƬǿգһɽٺ֮УֻоոոֳͿԶһȼյĳХ
֣֣̰һ£Լ۾ϸĿ˺̺Ȼļ
㡭㻹ŹңҵȻֳˣ㡭̰ɫ̲԰ףʶĺʱӰ磬Ǻ̳ϣһģһѪ
ֱ˿̣ҲͻȻ̰ǣûˣ͵תԶ
Զǿȼգֻ޴Ļγ̫̫߲ʵ˴ɱһٽ
ÿһ£ǿնһֲ
̰ɫٴһ䣬˫ۼ͹˺߲ʵǿһ˲ܵ
־Ȼôµ˭̰һҪ»صѷڵ޽Уʵ̫ΣˣǻصСǽ°ȫһЩ
ɾʱ߲ʵ̧ڵļ̳Ȼһָ
Ӷݵյôôҽˣ߲ʵһָ֮£ǾŸֱֶ̫ȥ˾ֱ֣ٻһС
ϥǼ̳ϣܺХľŸ̫֪ںδȴǼ̳еֱۣ
ֱɢĵϢһ۾ϳįһֻ֣
ѵֱ۾ڣֲ˼鿴ܣֱ̧ӾͰֱϣǻ˱ˣûеŴеĻںֱֲۣͬڵĵŴУ˿ڰֱ۵ɲǣֱ̾ͱɹâȫڡ
ͬʱ̰ǼȻһ̤ѷУȴȫȥ
һǧꡢǧꡢһ갡һ£Сھң
̰ǿ־˻˲䣬оֻСѷаԼĺϣͬʱһϢǿΪȻľʹֻСӿ塣
Ϊ֮ʹ̰ȫɢ޾⣬Ȼɢ̰ǵ˫ֲԼٿص̧ǰ˫ָֿһһԲεͼ
Բͼֵɲǣ̰ǵ˫ڣȻһɫ̫ɫֻ̫˫ͼô󣬿ڴڵǿ֮ȴǿգƺٺӵĴ򣬸Ǻ˽̫ǳ
ҲͰˣֲ飬ȴں档


1705 ǵţ
ɽĴ½ȻȡߣǷɽڵĿռ仹ǴڣַͨҲɻڡ
˿ϢɲǣͨڵľͷţҵĲֹϢӣʹöֲϢ˳Ŵţ뵽½Ĺһڡ
Ϣڹһڵɲǣһڵ½ʿȫɫɲǾޱ䣬ǼΪߵʿɫ¶޷֮ɫ
֮һϢ⡭һ
½ǱһƬɽڣϥڱɽڵķɺΣ˿̸ɫ˲԰ѪڵıɽʣȻһԾ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ǡǴϢ
½ϣʮڣռݵһڵλģڣһ֮Ժɨڣ
һУΪڣһ˵еĴ½Ÿ̫֮һ
ֻΪأ֪òŮԽأھԽ˸ǡ
˿̣ڴڣۼ߰˸ߣЩһ¶ɬǵǰվһӣһϣ˿
Ǹңô£
˵ȥ޽ˣǡǡһɫΡ
ˣϢɢˣ⻹ˣôŭ𣬵ȴͬΡ
޽򲻿Ǹˣǽȥһ߿Цҡͷ
תݲðڻڳɳʺչִ֮СڰڸʲôһţںҲ
ƺѷռڣڼ̳ϣ̰˫䱬ֲϢ˫۲ɵ¶֮ɫ
̰˫ڵ̫˿̼ͣת֮һ˴Сɶٵľֻ񷢳ĲҽУҪˣȴһУȫȻ
߲ʵˣһ£ûдȫļ䣬һЩǿڣǷֳ꣬Ҳ޷ĥġ
ڣǶ½Ÿ̫Ŀ־뾴η
ǡϢ߲ɫ䣬һѪ˺󣬴˿̵Ҳȥ֣Ǳ̫Ϣ
ڽڣ˿ǰУոԶĴսҪܷҵսϹȻȫһ͵תԶɫɲǲ԰ס
𣡣ûпڣȴһڼ
ôϢȻ⡭⡭
ǿֲϢ˽Ĵ˽̫ǳ磬Ϣһſɨһޣһˣһʿ͸أⶴȫɲǵʧ
ܿܿڣһͷޣһˣһλʿϢɨ󣬴̼ڣֻ꣬Ȼǵļ䡭
ݼ䣬ûϢ̼ٹҲѣ˿̣֮У䣬ⶴУĳһԺУѣ
ѵļ䣬߲ʵ꣡
ƺѷ죬߲ʵɫž֣ٺˣٶȣ˳ѷ죬ѪͷҲص֮زز
ƺѷ죬ȻŨŨĿ־壬ôҲû뵽׷ɱ֣Ȼ˴Ϣ
ѷڵļ̳ϣִĿ̰̫̰ǵӰһӾѷУʧ
͸ѷ죬ֿڣɰСŮ
ף㡭һСŮ޽ڣƿ֣¶ϲ֮ɫ
㿴֮ǰ˵Ǹ˰Ҳ֡
ޣѷϣЩͷҪˣҪ֪ˣԺ˰
ѷ죬ȥ̰ǣɲǷ֡
ֵĿУѷ챻һƬʧǿڣˡ
һ飬˵ֱڶЩãǼ̳ϣĬ˺ܾúܾãĿѷʧ֮ջء
֮һ𡭡
ǿһƬžûκιâĬĬǼ̳ϣ֮ǰһС
СӾȻǴ𡭡½˵еĴ𣬽ϢͿɽ߲ʱˣ߲ʵ˲ֻӶݡ˫۽¶֮⡣
һ죬ҲΪ𣡣ֱ˫ۣ֮ƽ֮ǰ𶯡
߲ӦòĿǰ˵ǼΪȫĵطҪѽƱԴҪڻǰ˵ѪҺֱۡתͷʮɴСֱۡ
ֱۣԴʩչ˺֪֮ӵįļ֮Ŀ˸ȫľļ́üһģį֮ӵİ˵Ѫɳ
˵ѪƯǰûйâɢȴŨĵϢüĹǵûת߸ǵ㽻£ΪһС
Ŀڣħ˫֣ͬʹô˿̵ֿӼΪ졣
ѪҺ̺˹֮ȫ̧֮סһѪĬƬ̺һ飬Ѫɢ͵һѪֳ߷ݣС
һΣ֮ǰļüģںϣһѪȫ̾кÿһѪ⣬ÿһͷһ˲İѪڵĵ֮ںϡ
üĹǵ㼱תأǵڰûȴܲȶʱɢһ㡣
ֵɫŤʹʹ࣬ҧסǵڰǣһķԾֻҪֳϢʹĿڵħҲ֮ɳҪǹ֮֮ƽ⣡ǵĹ
ʱ仺ȥתѽ±죬Уֺˮʪǿбѣ˵ڶѪҺպٴ˵Σ
ѪҺͬʱͣʹֲüĵڰǽʵĿڣǼתҪֵڰ˿ǵļ
ֵƲסٴ󣬳˵ӰӰŤƾĳı仯
պ˫Ŀӱպһ˦µѪȫѪȫڣ䶯ֵϣȫëڼٵȥ
ĲɢƵĵͺдĿڣڰ˿ǺȻ֣
һ֣ǿݺ𣬻һ籩ɨ˷ѷռޣȫ룬һҶ
ͬʱĿڣħ֮ǣڰ˿֮û
ħ죬𣬲Ѫħǿա
ֵģǹǵ㣡
߽١Ҫˣɢüģڰɢ޾âģʵ


1706 Ѫ
߽٣ħͬˣ֮ĽѣͬҲһµĿʼȹߣʵ
ֻһֵ߽ҪѸֹ٣ħ֮Ҳ˲Ϣ١
֮壬һΪ١ڶͬ٣ֱ١ֵĹ֮壬ȻȹĽ٣½ٵģǹ֮֮٣٣
Ĺħں֮壬ȴǴδ֮ǰĵһڶĽ٣ʶ˿ڳΪǵɲǣħ˽٣ȫͬһʱ١
ĽѣҪһһɹĿ˿תγһͫڵУݺᣬĿںХɢմֵ沿֮ȫ£˿̵ֿȻû˰ʿӡ
ɫ࣬ɫһȫɨΪŰ˷ص޾£ֿͬһޣ
һͷ׷Ʈڴ֮˫ʳָָףһ䶯һ֮
ʮָһƬϺ죬ϣ˿£۳һϺɫףױǹһ壬ڴﵽ˰Ǻ۳ף
һףϥǼ̳ϣӰɢȡ֮һӴĹͷǣȫɫ˫Ŀ͸֮âͬϥ
ǹһͷƮ裬֮ԶԶһ˿ͬƮ̣֮
һ̵֣֮˿ҲƬ̵Ĵ㶣޷һϳݡֱ˫Ŀϥлɣתڹ֮
˿̣һ٣٣
һһ٣ֱǹǽ٣Ѵֹ֮ڲһ֣ǿе̻һüͷȴš
պϵ˫Ŀȫʹࡣ
ڣ֮ĹͷѪ⣬Ҫһ㣬ʹ࣬˵ԶԶû޷ܵĳ̶ȡ
ĹѣҪǿ
ʱ佥ţת۱죡
һ˫Ŀ͵üǣĿǣΨڰ˿Ǽתɢ
һĵһ٣ˣɫƽȷʸȥ˵Ļֹѣû
һ֮Ȼֻ֮Уڣʹһ㣬ǹӰҲŤ޾ʹҪڡ
ֱ̧ӵĿ֮ϣɫȫѹ٣ѹ£ʮʱһζ٣ֱӱѹı
ȹ˶ĽٺֵĹϢХ죬ʹǿ𶯣д
Ťɫƽ˫£˫ϥ֮ϣĿǽɢȫʧ˲䣬Ŀħǣ
˿ħǳ֣ܵɲɢȥȡ֮ޱħħܣγһɺ֮䶯ԶԶһƿҰ֮
ħУȫĹɢȥ³ϵģһīɫףһͷ׷ӳǺڰ׶ɫ˴Ŀġ
ħУֵϸֳһħƣħУȻޣΪħ
ħɡ֮νһ֮ħȫٵģǹħҲħħ壬꣬Ϊһ־
һΨҶ־
ߵĵ·ħƣȴԶﲻħĳ̶ȣ壬Ͼǹ
˿ħתħХУ˫ۣ¶麮⣬ӭǹħĵһ𡢵ڶ
ħ٣ƣȴǿѣ֮УԹǿħ֮
߽٣Ҳͬˡ
ʱ䣬ֵĹħ֮壬ɹ˵һ٣ǹʹ࣬ɱȲϵĹ١
ʮʱ䣬ѹס˹ħĵڶĥ£ֵĹħ֮壬Ȼӽɣ
ڹħ֮Ķȹ˶Ľٺ֣֮Ȼﵽƽ⣬ϥǼ̳ϣüĹڰǣûκ谭ģȻ
񣬰ǹ
ǧ꣬һδε컯Уߵڵһﵽ˰ǹ
ǰǹ񣬸ǰǹͬҲǰǹħ
źһԹΪ壬ǵţ˫¶֮âüģ˫ĿʮĸǵͬʱתϢɢǿա
һǿĸоֺݺݵһȭͷ֪ԼҪԵģĽѣ
֮ͬ
٣һΪѪ
ڶΪŵ
ǵ٣ǹ֮ǿ٣֣֮ͣ
飬֪ܻ࣬˵ŴУеļޣֻ֪ǵ٣һ٣Ҫ½ĹŹȥȡ
ǹŹ֮һ٣ŹĴ£飬ɳ֮Ϊʢ䡣
įڹŹڶɹһ٣ں֮ӵеŷţΪŹ֮һ˾
֮أڹŹһҲΪӡ
Ǽ̳ϣȫԽԽǿʢĵϢӭǵĵһ٣ɹ˽٣ͿԳΪİǣ
԰ǹ֮֮ûΪҲսʤڴܣΪٽһγɵߵԴںΪ֮ôǿڣ⽫֣ȥһս
Ѫ˽٣
νĲѪҪѹ֮ȫһоһγһѪһѪǹ֮ɽ֮˵һУ
ԴѪƿһв񷣬ŹѪڤڤеĴڣϿɣϿɣɽ֮κһطᱻڤڤеĹ棬ͳͬһѪ
һѪ֮ɽ֮ȫڻ۵ѪҺһµ壬ӵĹ֮Ѫ
ѪѪǵͬĴڣ
˽֮ǾڻɵһѪʹ࣬ǻùϿɣϿɣ˶ܻã
ҾǻãڤڤдڵĹͳѪҺҲϵѰϿɣֻһΣϿɵĳ̶ȸߣﵽΡ
įɴ˽ʱǻѪį֮ǰһˣ˰˵Ѫ
ˣǹŹе½֮һŹ޴𣡣Ҳǵߵ⣬һ̫һ̫Ƭľǿߣ
Ǽ̳ϣĬú˫ĿպϣϢȻȫڣʼһٵײڻһѪ
ϥ壬˿ģӰصأڣ߳һ֣ʿķ
뿪ʹô˿ϥֱڵһУǹ壡


1707 ڴ
ҹ֮壬֮ڳһѪ̧Ȼһָһָ֮£ȫ̾ҵĲ
ȴĿڻʹϮҲʹҧݣĿڻȫƺһ֣ĿڣķɳһѪ
Ѫָ׸ǴСƯǰڿԿһòһһСϥѪڣһ
ҹħ֮壬ħ֮һѪֵƽ˿̵ʹΪĶԱȡ
ŻڣٴκݺݵذϣĿ̾žž֮˲Ϣ䣬Ŀֱӱֱ߽⣬ǻ𣬸ڰյɲǣȫٵĿήͬһ㡣
űһκɫѪħХƯǹѪԱߣѪҺڣͬһСĹħ֣ϥš
ԡҹ֮壬ڻһУһι֮Ѫ˫ģܵһУʹ˵򵥣ʵϣȴȻֳܵļޣڼ֣ҪɹѪ٣
壬ۿɼٶȣٵڻڻ˫ȣ˫ֱۣӣոһƬɢѪ£ʧ׵ĻƬ
䶯ٵ֮£ڰʱһιѪ
˿̣̳ϣֵķȥıѾȫʧ伣ڵģֻѪ
ѪƯƷͣӰϥһɲǣӰͬʱ˫Ŀ˲Ϣ䣬ѪȻٵ໥ںһϢ䣬ѪȫںϣһΣ
һѪǹ񡢹ħȫֵһУ
ѪѪͬѪǽɫɢڹ⣬˸֮£ӳһƬ֮ڡ
ѪںϳһεɲǣһɲϢѪҺɢϢ͸²ɣ˹֮⣬˿ɢ£ֱӾͳϾ޾ǿյ۷壬ȥ
ϢڽУκһʿΪϢǹ壬ʿ
ϢΪٻ֮£ڣӵйѪ֮ˣ׷һǸܵһѪ
У֮ǰһδεĴս£ûƺ˿¶𺳣ԶܵϢϢ£Ĥ֮⡣
ĶܣεѷڣϥһŮӣŮͬҲǹ񣬴˿͵˫ۣĿ¶Ȼ˰죬ӲܿƵĲ
Ѫ
⣬̫ǳڣ֮ĹУûд뿪Ǵѡ񴫳еɭʼ˫Ŀ
ָͿ˾䣬Щں£ɭѾΪѵͿ˾
˿̣Ȼ˫ۣͫһ
½ڣǹŹ֮أ½̫󣬹ʶܶʿǹ֮һû뿪ڵ
˿̣½ıһƯеӴǳأǳأжСԶԶȥͿ˳ǵıԵ
ǳص·һƬڰ⣬ǹŹ֮
Թųѹ֮ڣѪ֮ޣ
ųڣмλãһ޴ĵ֧֮½أǾԶҲԿǳ֮
̣һӣòϣͷƿŴأĿɢһһеĿ⡣
Уʲôʲô⣬ˣʲô
˫쿪ƿ½Ǿ޴ƣ·̲˻½֮ϣվһꡣ
һͷڷڷƮǰĵ¶֮ɫ
üģǰͿʼйâ֣ǹâǺɫѪƵģ⾪˵һĻʹڷ꣬ʼվĿת
д˿ƯǧӰǧӰ棬ʮӰͬƯ
ڶ࣬˿ȴûκϢ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ꣬ǵ֮ϡ
ʱô֮žУǺڷ꣬һ㣬ڡ
ʱͻȻԶУоŸԼɴСľˣŴ󲽣̤գŸ˵󣬻һۣòǵ֮˼һһӣ˫֣һ
ӵ󣬻оŸɾˣһ㣬֮ٽ
ĳ֣ܽŹ֮ޣһݡ
μŻʣ
Ψվڵϵĺڷ꣬ûκβΰݣƽĿǵ
û˿⣬ڰŹ֮޵ľ£̤գ˺ڷߣЦбȭɫŲʧϵ𾴣ڡ
ؼ޴𡣡
Ǻڷ꣬ȻǾ֮һŹޣ
ʱ쵽ˣЩǺڷ껺ڡ
£ʼʶˣǹע֮ǰʶѯʡǻӿЦͷ˵
Ǻڷһ
ʼʣΪһЩ鲻ǣ֮ҵһ£Ȼע
˵ǡӱ任˳ƺ
ԷԼΪ壬Ǻڷɫл͡
壬ºǹ죬֪мְգǻԿԼòһһʵ
įĴߣһ⣬Ҳ֪ȫƾѪӦܷùϿɣûаաǺڷĬƬ̣ڡ
įĴߣ⡭ôܣǻһȻҲǵһš
įꡭĻﻹû˵꣬ͱǺڷϡ
ǰҵһɢѪâ¾ѰǲѪȴ컹ûгͣ飬Ϊ
ңҲֻѪâ˾ѡϸѰһеһˣûзκѪâߣ֮ҵ˸Դڣ
ȻįĴߣ
ɹ½ôһῼΪӣΨһĵӣܴǶһߵĵزǿ߳Ļձضҵһǿߣ
ת֮ػһϣԳɹɣڷǳüģڡ
ʱţڰ죬ھ죬ֱʮ죡
ܵĵһˣʼճĬǵüԽԽŨѪ⣬н¶ڴ
ʮĻƻ裬ͻ
ǵüĵѪâƴﵽ˼һ㣬ӳմգܵһȫѪɫڣţ˵ĺУһѪǵüģ۳
ãûеڶγ֣
ֻһΣǻ¶΢ɲ
˿ܵйˣɫ¶ʧǵʮ죬Ϊ֤һ漣ȴû뵽ֻһζѡ
ʱͻȻһȴǵüģɳ˵ڶѪ
ţΡĵѪХɳ
ĵΣ
ȻĵΣ


1708 һˣ
ǻ˫¶⣬ֱĶŵüģɫ¶һ˿ȣĵѪ𶯣Ҫ֪įҲΡ
ܾ󲿷ֶһٵĹŹֻ֮һΣߣҲһЩį֮⣬ǵһߣܻιѪ
οӱˣǻ˹ѪΪһ⣬ǿߣ
ˣΪ˵һ𣬵λ֮ߣֻǾҲûбΪӣ飬ʼձӹڻȴ˵ڡ
޴˵Ҫį֮Ϊӣкɫȴû¶㡣
ĵѪ飬Ѿܾûзˡ
ĵѪӦҲǼ˰ɣ㿴ĹâҲаһЩ
ʮʱ䣬ĵΣ治ܶࡣ
֮ˣ˵صһ֮Ŀȫǹüġǹüĵĺâɢӳ˴յĺɫȫİƬڣֻʣ˲üһ㡣
ʱܽһˣȻ֪һжˡ
ǻӣɫƽȴЦ
ĵѪ˵ػҵһʸ񣬽֮£δЩСˡ
ҪյӣҵһĵѪҲмˣҵҲûۣ֮
Ծįߣҵһ
ǻɫ¶˼¶ϧ֮ɫҡͷЦԺڷ޴ڡ
壬ĵҲȻˣįߣҲҵһĽӡ
޴ɫƽûӵĻһǹüģĺâԽ΢󣬼ֻʣһ˿ۿҪȫɢӡ
ǿ֮ǰ۳ĵѪɢӨһ֮¾ֱգƿޣȥңԶ֮ʧĿС
ٵȵȡ֮ڷ껺ڡ
ǻӵͷǣȴǳ˲м
һ壬ûʣįУĴߣǲУ
ʱ½ţʱ˿̣ǶڸƺѷڣĿռУǼ̳ϣֵķϥڼ̳Ե˫Ŀ¶֮âż̳ĴԼıһѪ
ѪƯһʱĿռȴ̾кХصȴһ㲨ƴϷǿƾճ֣Ű˷䣬һǿ˲ɣϢ
ϢԶԶĳⶴһ֮ǰҲ޷ǰȽϣϢֲܿȴκ˵ע⣬ΨֿԸܡ
ڼ̳ϿգڲƻصУĳһ޴Уת죬أһƬѪɢ̳ȫڣһƶֵķŵŵ˺ɣֱ뿪˼̳
ƶַϣִһѹ
Ī˵߲̳ϣҲҪǿϳȥ
ֵӦУĸܵԼһѪ˿ȼһ㣬ɢһƬѪ⣬еѪâ໥ӳ
ѪâɢɲǼ䣬ͿһѪںХֱֱѪȥ˲ϢУѪںϣһ
һɲǣַ˺ϥ£ڴʹʹ޷ȫȥٿطǲòȫȫĸܱ֮⡣
ϥɲǣкһʶӷɢ׵ĴѪҺڡ
˵ʹصʶԼû壬бյʹ࣬ںһѪǷ·ڣٵ䶯
ʱڷɳڶѪɲ٣ںֱѪڣһֵʶںʹ౶ȴ޷ֻ̣
֮ʱιѪһٴһѪںϣֱѪ̾ͺȻɷΧڣһ߳壬Ȼ۳Ӱ
壬һͷ׷֣
ȫ˸ӵķӡǣΪ죬˫Ŀպ£дʹƺߣнʵ
ĵѪڴ˿̣ɳһѪķɳѪ޾ǿգǺâ죬ХֱӾ͵ֵü֮ϡ
һ֮£ȫȻһ˫Ŀ͵ͫһƬ죬ӲУһɹӴڷ巢졣
ڵУںĵιѪ󣬵ѪѪǹ֮ѪѪĳ֣ŴڿʼֳΪĹˣڵĹŹ֮
ŵĵѪķɳϿյнֹͣתɢļһɢһεĹѪ᳹׽־ܶȹעҲֻܻĵѪֻįһΣ
˵ȻǼˣϾǴįĵѾį꣬һ㣬ֵļˣ
ϾţϾ½ϣϾֻһ絮С顣ȲǻӣԷܻѪܳΪһĻ壬ʲôȥ콾ȥȣ
ǱȲ޴Ǿ֮һ½ǿ֮һǴ˵еĴڣ֮ϵǿߣ˹˵ѪֱȲˡ
ΨһóģԼļ벻Ը񣬻ǲıƿصһδΣУһδεƴ£Сķˣһߵڣͷȥһ·ļ˴Ŀġ
һδεУ½ĻԼĹŹ֮ޣڰݵдӻǺ
һδȥ컯У½ĻӣػҪʲô˶
Ϊ˸ĽĽʬʹ֮ʱΪĽѣһеʱ½Ļӣ챦ڶıŮУѡ俴֮ˣΪеһ
ĵѪֵļôѪۣ֮ϿǽɢУ㣡
֪ܲ˿½ΪһУԸ㣬ҪѪҪԼѪ֮Ũ
ΪģΪǹ֮⣡
ϿҹѪôֻĵѪ¶⣬һԾ֮£ֱϿǾҪɢгȥ
½еһͬⶴ磬ûжڹ𾴣翵ĴڣֻԼ
һ㣬½ϣ޴޷Ƚϣ޴ԼΪڤڤдڵȡ
򲻣
ǵһһڹѪ£ڻѪҺ㣬ҳеĵһˣ


1709 ļʣ
½ĹŹУûһˣһĻйأıӻ£ͳ£ȵĹâڡ
Ǽȵľ棬棬ǹŹ֮޵죡
ٿ֮ˣҲҶԹа㲻Ǵӳһ𣬾ͱ˼룬һˣȫˡ
޴ɴ˿ɼһߣ
򲻣һӰͬ磬ХֱϿǽҪɢУӰ͸һɼ㣬һޱ߰Եһɲĵƣ
ûлùϿҲͰˣȻˣĵѪ־ͬ⣡Ͳӣ
νϿɣʵϾͬһ˳ΪԼĺˣӵԼѪѪֲǱҪã
룬ԴӷѪ֮ѪͬĴڣ
ΪˣʶֲŻУνڤڤеĹ治ѪôƳڵĵѪݣͶ֮Уӵ˲壬Ϊˣ
ϿңһûϿ㣬ҪϿѪҪҸѪҺ컯ֲηڤڤ棬̸
ϿɵѪĳһĵѪҽܣδ̫һЩڳеɲǣͺ
У޾صγһĺڻϡ
ֵ̤е˲䣬һûκеķʶϢںɢֵɲڣֵֹĳ룬ų֮⡣
ʶϢ͸ɣû˿ͬ
ƯϢУĶǰУĿһ̧һָüģָ̧̺֮һƬɫĹâһӼ䣬ԵŤûһĻĻõĻ档
⻭ڣһ꣬ΪֻǽᵤڵĵطȸϵĹ֮أ
仯ڹ֮ؾ飬ջͿ˾䴫С
ܿù񴫳еһĻֻڣһ˦£һ䣬ܵûĻγһù񴫳еһС
ֱֵģ̫ǳڵĵĹأֵļ䣬˿̻û
ڤڤ飬Ǳ˼һ£ѡѪҪѪ㽫һҷѪΪˣֻ䣬˵֮󣬻ǹʶϢͻȻһ뿪ȫصڡ
ƳĬ˺ܾãǱҪɢУٴδֿʼתҴɢʵתѪɢ
½ϣһڵƯյĳǳϣǽ˵ȴУǻĲͣȴûгڵ˲䡣
ֻǳüģԭһ˿ѪͻȻĿĺââɲǾܣӳأȫѪڡ
ͻȻıʣ̾һƬƬ
⡭ⲻܣ
ȻѪ⣬ĪҪ۳Ѫ
Ѫȫһͳδй˱仯ȻѪ⣡
ǻɫһ˱仯ŵüģ¶֮ɫ
ˣѾҪȻᷢ飬⡭⡭
ΨǺڷ޴¶΢Ц˫¶֮âŵüģûп˵
ܽ˵£ǵüѪ˲ϢۣһХ䣬ɳ˵Ѫ
Ѫķɳ֤ʵ֮ǰ˵Ĳ²⣬ˣһĻ֮޲𺳣
еĿۣ֮ȻֻеѪ֣ǻĲɿ
ΡΣҵΣΪ˵ŻҾͲܡǻ¶⣬˼̱һĻֱӱȻһ
ȴǵüģѪٴξһΣѪɳ
ѪΣ
һ⡭ҵһĴң
ΣߵΣ
Ѫۣ⻩Ȼ֮Уǻɫ£ߵѪХ𣡸Ϊ˵ģڷ޴ЦģڵߵѪ󣬺Ȼ˵ڰ˵Σ
˵Ѫ޴𣬵׶ΣҲֻǻ˰˵ζѣ
һĻĻ֮Ȼʧȥ˻Ȼһ𺳵Ŀŵǻʶ촽¶΢ɲĺ⡣
įĴߣôܻù˵Ͽɳ̶ȣ˵ѪҲǹĺˣҲǻѪҲǳĹ֮콾ǻòѹеļ֮ģһб޴𿴵
Цȡߺڷ걧ȭЦϲ壬պضΪΨһˣ˵ᳬԽ壬ΪҵһµĴ𡣡
ն񶾣˷￴ƺʵȴǰգֻ޷飬û˿٣ȫˣѱ˿ߡ
ǺŴ˻ɫ糣ֻתɨһۡ
һۣǻһҪ˵֮ʱȴܻȻ֮пһ£˼͵ĻͷɫһӲ԰
ھŵѪ⾪춯صĺУ۳
ھŵѪֵɲǣ޴˫¶֮âеϲãԱĿ
һлûнǵھŵѪֺ󣬺ȻѪٴۣ˼Ϣ֮УʮѪҪֵļ
ʮΣδй飬ʮΣ
ʮѪ飬޷ţʮѪ˵˲ĵŻ𣡣
ǻҲûлùʮΣ˵˭᲻ΪҵһպĻ𣡣
ǻɫ࣬ЩƲסķļʣĶŵüĵѪɫâһ˲Ӱ˷ۣܵһѪȫһȫüģһѪ
ѪɫǺ죬ϣɫѪ۳ɲǣǻɫޱ䣬ʶ˺󼸲¶ԶԶ֮ǰ뺧Ȼ͸޷ţ
Ѫ⡭ǻѪⲻܣܡ
Ǻڷ޴ɫһζݣǵɫѪеһͬ¶𾪣֮ǰֵھŵѪҲû𾪣˿̣ȴǱɫѪ𺳡
桭ͳһλѪĪʲôԢڡѪǻѪӹֻоŵλѪ֣ÿλѪ˹֮һ
ŵλѪĹ֮
ڷ̧һָգɫ䣬һ޴ĺɫ̫Ȼƾյĳؼ䣬һϢȫ֣鱻
֮˵أҵһ񣬲й¶°㣬Υߣʲôݣ޴𻺻ڣͷɨǻһۡ
ô
ǡǻӵͷæڣĵļʣȴȻﵽҪ۷塣
Ҫȥһ֮أ⺢ӡӻڷ̧ͷ½Զռݵ૿ڡ


1710 һƻ
ѪһɫѪ֮ǵüҫ貹â޴ʩչ֮Ǻɫ̫ӡ˴˵صɲǣѪֱնȥ
Ѫɢ㲨ƣγһ޴УеӣѪžĺХֱжȥһһʧ˴˵ؽ˵ĿС
ʧģɫѪѪĳ֣ˣ޲𺳣ɫ¶޷ŵĺȻ뾴η
ǻѪɢâʧںһѹǵѣǷŵ𺳸ǿңϴ󺣽֡
ɫѪ찡ҾȻɫѪҹŹҲֻоŵζѣ
˵УŵλѪӣӣ˹֮һҵһǹӴ죬񡭡
³˵ʮѪ⡭
˭ھһ٣Ѫӹʹδ˵гֻѪߣǻѪ¡δҲ̫ˣҹŹľ£
٣һٹѪ˻˾ŵκһλѪһپˣﵽ˵ڶ٣ŵ񡭡˽ٷֻ£ֻʲô컯
һ٣֮ͣܵϿɣƽӣУҲʲô˵йŹܵõĹ洫У
֮֮˶˶һλѪ𺳣һж޴ӡϵǿ˷²⴫
Ļ½һ½ϵˣһʼһǰ£ˣִ
Ҫ֪ʮλѪĳ֣ڹŹ˵ʵ̫ˣٻΣôͿ統ĹһӳѪ壡
֪˴£ҲΪ֮𶯣㲻սҲϸ⡣
һУֻΪһλѪ
ѪʧյڣǳüûκѪ⣬һϢʧӰ޴ִ̧˵صѪɫ̫һӡ
̫ȻɢǿĹâֻΪݣһһ˵е֮˵Уγ˷֮
ֱһɣƴ˵ص̫ɢջָз촵Ҫ﷽ŵŴɢһ㡣
̧ͷһԶ޴û˿ԥǰһȥɲǾʧӰҪȥ壬ȥߵڣȥǸȥһĺӣӻؼң
޵ȥ֮ڳúǻɫΪ˦ȥһߣҲ𺳣ɢ
бʣҲ˵ȥУĵףɢȥʱԶ޴ȥĿУһĿ⣬иӣĽмʣģڴ
ڴ޴֮ʱǸ֮ˣǸڴ˵׳ʲôӣ˭
ҵһǹŹġϣĹıһС
ֱ˶ɢȥǻҲص֮ĵŻʹڣʹͬۿԵΪݻ
ʹڶ࣬˿ȴһɫ԰ףǽǵĺ£Դڴ˿ʹŻһйɢĿֲϢ
Ϣ͸һѹֲסķŭ
֮صϵشʹȴǻйƬ̺Ȼ̮ʯŰ֮ܺɨϽһЩʹ޷ܿһĲҽбЩƬֽӣһһ
ѪϢǱйڣӷн߳һˣǻӣ˫ƽɫϲŭ߳˷󣬻ڡ
ʰһ£Ҫµй
仰Ĵ̾ٵ˿һӰŤ֣һݡ
ǻӴһ˦һʧ֮ʱȴʹڵ֮Ķվӭŷ磬ʹԶؼǳĹ
޲ǵŻǹմˣŹѪһįĴߣʲôʸ˿أ
ѪɫƽȴǺݺݵסȻЦ
ҲãһҲȤһЩҵҪܷʲôˣлѪǰҲҪ°ݼ
΢ЦŨջؿԶĿ⣬̧һ֮£̳һȭͷСĺɫӡ
ƴ״ת£һϥֻǻӱڸǣֻ΢һŮӵĻꡣ
ֻ꣬һֶѡ
ǵǻĺɫӣڡ
ְڣ仰ﴫɲǣ̾һƬŤĻ˸һ۵ߣŻӱȭϥء
ҵôƽ
𣬱ְŹҲûҵŮڣѾȥ壬ò˶þͻϢ
ʦҲûϢôüͷһ塣
ǹڵϵɫԳڡ
Ů֮꾡ǹʦ͸£ʦҲ޷ŮںδֻܳŮպԱĪôӵдŮ¿ӵĹŹ
ֻǸְ߱ŮӵĻ꣬ҵδʱڤڤ֮Уĳδȥطڴڵֻȡ
ӳĬƬ̣ͷеĺɫӣ˫¶֮â
Ůòƽ벻޵˫ۣʦ˵޿ȢΪȥѰңҲѡ֮صŮӣһ˻ںϡ
ǣǺҪˣɫȴ¶ԥѰ˼ȭٴοڡ
𣬹ʦ˱չǰһ仰
˵Ŀкɫӣϡ
˵ܻ棬ҲǣŮӵĻ꣬ڤڤȡʱͬĻ棬һǻͳһŹһǻ
ͬĻڣ˻⣬һ˵Ӱͬʱ֣ӰЩģʦȴǵôӵһͷ׷
˼°ɡ¶âеӣЦ
Ůӣ˭ءʦİ׷Ӱʲôء
ǺɫڣϥŮ֮꣬һڸӰһУãȻ֪
˿з紵ӵǴϣڵҲܵɷ磬ʹŮӵò£Ҫȫ¶ɲǣȴָͻȻסڸסˡ
磬ƺѷУǳڼ̳Ͽյľ޴У˿̺תѪ˸ӳϣԶԶһƳΪѪһ㡣
˫Ŀ𣬶ĺâأ˼ѪںХ


1711 ŵ
ΡΡֱھŵѪһһٴ֣üĺХ
˫¶⣬ѸٵѪû㣬ѪɲǾ͵üģƴ͸һڡ
ڵѪںϵ˲䣬ȫ̾кصһɹǿѪҺڱӲɵ˺˫۹âɣǿĸоսȭͷ
˿̣ѪٴӿüģڵѪڣѪڵѪ֮ڲϵں£ʣȫӿ֮ʱֵһľ
ٴ˺췢һȫ˿̴ʹʹ֮ǰںĵѪҪǿҪ˺ѣµѪ⣡
ţߵѪХ٣üںϵ˲䣬ɫŤȫѪҺڵת֮ٴﵽ˼һ㣬ٵ£ֵ䶯ĹͷѪҺУɢͬĺâ
ڵĹѪ֮ȻѪӸտʼϡŨٹɡ
Ź֮һѪ֮ԽŨԽǸ߹󣬿ԷӳԽǿ
ߵѪںϣȻʹֵѪڵһУڻĴڣҪ֪ǻǹմˣȻ̺˹ѪںѪ󣬳ΪŻ
ȴǱûκιѪ֮ǰûлϿɣ˿ߵιѪ۳ѪȻȲǵ컯һĻ
֮䣬ͬǻⱾʵ𡣵𣬲ǲɸı䣬ڰ˵Ѫķɳüģںϵ˲䣬ڵѪŨȣȻڵĺ֮ԽǿңʹڵĹ贫ֺӲϵز
ѪѪһıǹ裡һı䣬ѪҺҲȻб仯һȻӵѪ֮
Ҫı裬Ѵڲֱӿʼѹһı䣬ڴ˿ʵѪѪ̺˹Ϣڲϵȫͷ͸ӿУٵĸıͬʱҲֵѪƽﵽ˸߹󣬴ӲӴﵽڣ
˵ѪںϣûֵѪŨﵽǻĳ̶ȣȴ޵Ľӽֻһ˿һ˿Ĳ࣬ڵھŵѪں£ȻԽ
ŵѪڹͷ賹׸ı䣬ӵ˳ԽǻѪŨȣʹ֣˵ѪϳΪ˵һһˣ
һУûнһλѪĳ֣ʹǿɲǾͱӳɫɫһڳֵһ˲䣬ȫĿ⡣
ɫѪһѪĿɲǼȫɫѪҺһ֮£â䣬Ȼӡüģ
ѪѪںϣһѪֵĻУ
ѪŨֵĵ֮ǿ֮ȴı꣬ףҲֻһ˶ѣѪȴǿԸıֵĻ꣬Ļ꣬Ϊ֮꣬Ļ꣬еһ֮ϣ
ĳΪǻҪ߹Ĵڣ˵൱ڣӣ
Ѫһ̣˫ɢãӷԼһ󻺻ƮȥǼ̳Уįֱۣ
ǿյУ˿̻ɢûãӰ٣ʹǿջָԭû˵ľ˿£û˿Ϣ
˵صޣҲӣвҷκϢģļžУѹ
ֻˣѣ˵һ꣬ѣ˵ѹǴɢְ˷
ֱ˯ͬƯڼ̳ǿգϥĿһ
ʶĳ˯УһΣΣεͬδģĺܣУֿһˡ
һòƽӣ弫ΪӴվͬڽ£Ŀ⸩Ӵأ¶֮ɫ
ͻ飬رҪ飡˸Ҳɣ˭Ҵ棡
ǹţس֮ǰ֮ǰ֮ǰɳ֣ūңôɣ
ʧܣ֮ˣΪУɣ
һôԶᣡ
ŵλѪӣͳҹھ֮գȴҵֻأȴҵĴ߳֡
˳Ϊɣɣɣɹţ
ⳡΣƽһĻУĽֱǼ̳˫ۣĶɻ֮
ֵüģ˿Źǵ㣬͸ɫڻתͬģ˫Ŀ֮ڣħͬʱ˸ɢɫ
ɫǻѪִ˿̵ĵ֮꣡
ӣǿǰĬ֮ϣһµϢϢǲ죬ݵأҲ࣬ҲİԵ
Եڹ֮һ棡
һ̵֣֮ǰȻĲͬ
Ǽ̳ϣĿǿɨɢȥį޴ֱϣ˫Ȼһ˾⡣
ֱڣ̺һǿ˺񷣬ڵįֵǿ֮
ֱֵֻ̧ۣ𣬰ֱϣڰµһɲǣüģ˫ĿĶʮĿǵ㼱תɫȫ˳ֱįֱڡ
ɲǼ䣬Ǿ޴ֱȻһзڣֻ˵įĴУ⴫бϾҪںֱۣѶȡ
ֻѶȣǶûжɹѪʱֶԣӵ˻ѪԼŵιѪ۳Ѫǰʵ΢
įֱֻۣҡ
ֻڣڤڤįƽûа㲨⻰ﴫɲǣǶʮĿüԽŨֵĻڣɢһɼįûҲҪľϢ
Ϣ֣΢̧һΰֱ۵˲䣬ֻͰֱ۵ѹģֱСһƬĹ˸䣬ȫֵ֣ʹ֣ڶ̶̵ʱڣͱĽȻͬ
ֱֵ֣ȽϣΪֲڣǴӵķģһ֮ɫʹһۿȥͻľ֮⡣
̧֣ǰɫƽĿ⿴ȥ֮ջĿ⣬ǿ͵һۣ
˺죡
һڣǿպ䣬ȴֵһ˺£رǳ˾޴ֱӰ֮˺£һ޴ѷֱӾͳֵǰѷ߽⣬˺˿
˺֮ǿʿҲԱ˺ǿҲҪȻˣ
˺£ڵļ̳˲һ㲨ƻص·ڵֿ˺ನ
ǲƼ䣬ֵͷϸĿ˼̳һۣ˫Ŀ¶֮â
̳йŹ֣
״̬ãӦˣͷ裬ǳ麹ļ̫ϲ졣


1712 
Դ̳󣬱ʼûжʱϸ۲Ŀ󶼱Ǽ̳֮ǰڵֱƾԸʶǼ̳ɨҲûзֶ֮
£ں˹ѪһλѪįұۣ˺֮ನƿ̳ϵɴص˲ƣͻȻıʣ˫۾һ
̳ΪλįΪʲôᱻڴˡֳУĿǼ̳ϸĿȥ
̳ƽûʲô̫֮Ǵ˿вƻصѿʲôεĵط
˺֮ɢ̳ϵĲҲ΢ճ׵Ļָƽ
վӣǰһ֮о뿪̳ͬʱҲԶϥ˫ۣһȥֱصһ
˫Ӱں£ģ뱾һ塣
ֻһӣûʲôʺ¿Ǽ̳죬˫Ŀһ˫̧֮Уһӡ˸ǰɢ֮½֮ࡣ
ǰһָУƺХȥֱ̳ΧɢĹһһ¡
ÿһƵ£Ǽ̳һԽԽĽƲϵӡڼ̳ϣ̳ԽӾң죬Ƽ̳Ҫһ㡣
ҵ£̳ϳһϸܵѷ죬ûãһЩʯ䣬ĩɢ
¶˫иĽƻûϵ̳Χӡ£ַʹǼ̳𶯱ʯ䡣
ʱ̳ȻһƬĩԶԶһͬƣ̳ĴСҲСһȦѷࡣ
̳ĹŹ֣пڲֻڲһģڵʹʶᱻı䣬޷峹סֶǼ̳ٴδӡǣһƻ£Ǽ̳ʼ˿ٵķ飬߽УȻֻʣ֮ǰһС
ʱǼ̳ϳѷɲǣһѷ뵽̳ڲ̾һƬ֮â˳ѷһâѷ״ı䣬ɢ֮ʱչǲµıʯڱһȱںɢâһ
Ŀһɢâѷ죬˫̧ٿƣХ֮£Щתֱѷ졣
ٽѷһɲǣһâһѷɢţĵʮâЩâ£̾кɫĲƴɢǴĽһɫƣ̾ͬѩ̿һ㣬Ŵ֮ɢ
һжתۼ䣬һɲǣнƶǺâʧӰ˫һ㣡
ֶǱâС˴ļ̳˫¶쾫⡣
â졭̳ĪǾǡһǼ̳кâܻصԼ֮һɲǣֲ˼Ȼ̧ǰ͵һۡ
ʱį޴ֱۻû֮һͬǰա
˺죡һͺֱһ˺һ˺֮Уį֮ȫںǹ񡢹ħһ
һ˺Կ죡
ص춯أǼ̳ɢĺɫƣ̾ҵŤǰƱһ˺飬ֱӱ
һͬģǼ̳ϴ˿̴ڵһѷ죬˺֮£ЩѷȻ𣬴Χ߽⣬ЩɢĺâҪֿȴ޷ֹ
֮ϴܣǼ̳£ȫıˣƬʯչǰģȻһ˽״ɢĿâͬѪһ֮
һϤϢ˿ûڣ˽Ѫɢ˫Ŀ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ԭ
̫ǳһ壬Ϊ𣬴һΪļֻ̳̳ղ֪ΪΣݣʧããǺڣ֪ȥ
ֻԵɺϣѪѪѪ󣬾ݼ̳֮һ˺֪֮ӹ˵ڶ̳
ڵ̳ҲѰҹȴʼ޷ҵڿѪɲǣԺбкص˲²⡣
ѾȫȷѪغѪһ̳ɢϢһһڷϢ
֮û뵽ʱܵõһ̳ѧᣬôʵ֮㼫ΪĶտһ̳еĿϲı¶顣
ûаԥ̧ǰһӣȴõļֱ̳ӷɳţѪѪҲ֮
Ѫڣ껹ȥһŮӣŮ˵ҲֵĹˣֻЩԷѪɢֻʣһƻڡ
ݼ̳ͬʱǿڣ֮ɢѪ̽ڣ˴˻ӳ֮£Ȼͬһ
֮ķڵĹڣҲǷŮӼڻã˿һϥ¡
ΣաɹĺôȣΣգֵˣ̧һץоͳһɢĹӡ
ӡϣմȾһЩɿݵĺɫѪӡǷӡǵڵĹأִɱԼķŮüģק
зӡ͵̧һѰüģڰüĵ˲䣬һȵĸо̾ʹüĴǷӡӳ֧֣üģܵճһ
ʹ࣬޷а˿ݶɫƽ˫ҧ⣬һѪ
ӡڤзӡٻؼķ飬ڤУն꣬նն
ֵɲǣǿѪ̹ںһƯǰ䶯ͬʱͬӵķ̳ɢĺâһ֮¾ͱ䶯Ѫա
ģѪȻһѳӣⳤֻһɶѣһƬģصӰڣۿʱԳһЩͻۻ֮С
ͨʶȥ̾Ϳⳤʵϲһѣѵصһ𣬱˴ɢ
նֵ꣡ͺ
ǳȻ̧𣬴ֵͷϢһն£
һֵ鴩͸ֱӹᴩȫһն
ɫֱӲ԰ף꣬һɲǴʹ࣬Ҫһ㣬ȴǿסģֵϣƯƻ꣡
ǳն˲䣬ǰѵ޷ǿֱӱصһĵ˿ֻʣ˫Ӱ
ֵ꣬ں˹ѪȻǵ֮꣬ڤնǴ˵־ѪȻ޷ն֮ꡣ
ն꣬˵Ҳ޷ķ𣬲òõɢأ޷û


1713 ն
ն񣡡ʹ࣬
˲䣬˫ӰȻ̧һ£ѪɴɢһӲڵԪ񣬱һɷ֮ķֳݣ
ͬʱǰѵ֮Ƭɢ
նҧ֮£ûаԥͺ
ûصӰֻʣ˵ӰĳϢǱĺХֵ̧壬ն£
һǳڴնɲǣȻУֱֵһΪݣ
壬ںݻ̺꣬ԪһֱӲͬķ̳
̳ݻ󣬱˴ѪŨ໥һתʱţתۼ졣
У̳Ѫ⽥˸ֱڶѪȫʧ
ѪʧһɲǣһǿϢһֱ̳ӱϢǿǼ̳޷ܣպȻ
Уһ߳
ͬʱһ̳ҲڼٵĲ£Ȼ߽⣬ʯ֮ȫĩڶ֣߳
ţһ̳ҲѪ󣬲㱬ϢڳѪ޷ܣȻ
֣ǻѪУһ߳
һֿڡ
ǿ컯ڶƽ
һ֣˫Ŀ¶֮â૵
仰ֿ˵˲䣬ͬʱǰһɲǼ䣬ͱ˴صںϣ֮󣬻һˣ
׷趯˫ĿպϣƯǿգݣÿһݶ൱֮ǰȫ
ȷ죬дұӵ˫ۣĿ¶֮ɫ
̧֮һŮӵĻ꣬ŮǵѪڣĹˡ
ҶԹһʹֻأΪ֮ǰһӣŮӵĻɢӰ
ͷһ̳ĲкƬ¶ϧ
ҵĻ̫ǿļ̳޷ܻʱĳɢˣӴ֮󣬾û֮
ҡͷֳݵĲǵѪķʿ˵һУֳݣں֮£
˵Ѫħ񶼴ﵽ˰ǣǵ뿪ʱˡ뿪ǰһ賹ǹܽȫҵĽƻԻߵԴ
һƱԴ֣ôҵΪҲӿڣﵽڣϵѪӦһս
ս֮Դһж˹֮ǣҲһЩʱµҲܵԴôҾܴﵽ۷壡Уϥǿڣ̧һ֮£ǹ֡
ƱԴΣҪȻܱǷɺΪʩչô棬ȻдŵĻõͨڡ
õص㣬Ҫоһ򣬻ƾҲ߲ʵһѡͬķȥҵ꣡
µľ棬Ϳ˭ܵһҵˣ
Ŀ˸˿ڴ۸ӵıһܡ
߲ʵ˲֪ǻþڿһķŭϿӦû׷Ѱֻ֮
֮⣬սϹҲѰҵֻ꣬ǲ֪䷽˼˲С˽ڽսΪѰҵ꣬սȻ˵ҲսķѰҵꡭ
ԭֻǶѰңԶĴսЩ˵ĳ֣ǵҲѰҡ
֮ǰжϣɶһ꣬ڹҲҪˮˡ
꣬㵽˭ֳĬ˼ˡ
ֻҵ˵꣬ſȥţ֮򿪣ɴ˽½ֱ˫ۣ֮ĿһƬƽȥ˼Щ飬Ҫ۲еĹ
ʱͻȻɫһ͵̧ͷңԶǿգɫ
һˣ˫ۺ˸ͻȻһˣ˵Ȼţ
ӣ˵֮Ѫʥ˵ѪҺ⣬Ӳʼûг֣ǽڽս伣
ƾˣң¸ڰôᱻǣɫΪ
߲껯ǣֻܻ֪ˮ֮һҲв²⣬ӡǷ֮һߡǵ꣡Ŀ˸Ժиֳ߲ʻþڣȥ֮ǵ괩ٺӣ뵽顣
ͣ飬ӵĿ󡭡ֻǵ꣬ҪѰδҲ̫һЩǻǲǡüͷ²͸ӵ˼ӵΪӣһֱڣֶӵļɵʼմڣŶԷأԽԽ
ɴӣǧûΪ£ֻǾΪ˳
ǧ𣬿ҲпܡΪĳĿģԺгͷԽˣԽǲ²ⲻͼ¡
ԶУͬûӵ֮ꡭֳĬãѹЩ¶ãʱţԻ֪
ĿһеĹϣϸĿȥⷫڴ֮ĽƣЩưĴ
ҪƱԴͱҪںϣⷫڵнջһˣͿɳֱԴૣʶⷫڣϵӿ
һڸ֣Ҫ֪ⷫĽƣǶ١
ϸܵɢⷫ޷ԶϹʱţת۾ʮ졣
ʮ죬һȫڷڣǧǧĽһ
ֱ죬˫۳Ѫ˿̧ͷ
ǿݱ䣬޷üͷüģʮڣƣ
һĽϣⷫУ뽫ƣ˷ɽнںϡֶǷ¶ԥ
֮ҧ̧֮ǰһץѪһѪУѪĿк˸ȻǰֱӾһն¡
һ죬Ѫ͸ŷڣĽ˺һȱڣȱڳֵɲǣֵȫʶ˳ȱڣⷫڡ
ţǷϵĹ˻ڴǿգͬʱȱڷп紵ƴ˸ܣ˰˷޾գƺѷÿһǿգ
ƺѷ죬ȫռݣǽͬ籩ǿڻ
ֵӰû֮Ľ֮ڣ
ռǿյĽƷ籩ɢһʱֵĽƱԴͻɣӵʿһսǿ֮


1714 ƱԴ
ⶴ磬ڸ⸮κһǿյѷռ䣬ٻγ˷籩Ľ
ЩƣԭֻһӡǷģΪ̫࣬صһѾ޷ӣֻܿһƬĹ⣬ХâŤתһޱ߼ʵķ籩
ⳡ׳۵Ļ棬עֻһ˿ԸܣƺѷдڵЩޣ˿ҲƷ籩Уѡ˱ܿһֻֻ޴ž֣ѷڵ˷ųڷӶݡ
һĻͬ޳һֻֻ޴ѷʱ䣬ƺѷ֮ޡ
û뿪̫Զֻѷ⣬Ŀѷռ䣬¶־塣
ƺѷ޳˵ĹעҲһЩҪȥѷеĽƷ籩ȴͼߣȻӲ
ѷڵķ籩ڻصͬǺܡƵϥǿգ˫ۣƤڸǵͫڣ˸
նγƷ籩û˿ľţһԤ֮ڣƽϵ£ƵıԴ
ʵϾ󷨣ҪıԴҪΪǿʶΪ˿ڣʶȻǿȥֱԴ˿ʶɢѷռ䣬ϵܣʶڵĽƣҲؼ١
ּ٣ƾʧںϣÿںһγһ
ʱţģںϵٶҲԽԽ죬󣬼ÿһϢ䣬ĽɢµĽƳ֡
ƵıԴһɼּ֮㣬أԴδıԼҪǿʶɾ֮ǰڽϵľ裡˫ۣĿ⡣
ʼնɵӣڰĴͶĿ⣬ܻ˸оʣͷȥѰȴҲҲĿԴ
ѷռĽƷ籩ΧС֮ǰĽƣ˿Ȼɢ˽һ룬ȫںһ
ֻ޷аɣЩƾںϣǵܱ仹ڣԼһǳɰЩڳһôǺܿͻܱ
ڣֻʣһĽƣҲ˷ѵļֻһηѣ֮ǰŬȫɢ
ʶͬһŴнȫڣ˿Ŀһٴʶܼѹ
ԽֱԽ࣬ʶֳݣ޾£ĬĬںЩơ
ʮʱһζʶֵķΧٴСһ룬ЩںУݼֻǴڴķ֮ȴǼﵽ۷塣
һɫȴǼΪأȻӳԼȫʶܣѰҵںϵ
ãʮ죬ЩѾһСֿʼѵɲǣ͵˫ۡ
ΪΪΪΪҲˣ켣󷨽ƣ˵˾ʿⶨ
ȥأƣڣ˫Ŀ¶֮ɫ૵УʶǵĽƺȻںϣ
ǵںϣ
һεںϺ󣬻ܵĽƣȻֻʣǧңǧĽƣÿһΪûκȱݣ̺ǿϢ
ǣѾѱٴںϣ
ɫ԰ףںΣѾļޣƵܣҪջһлҪѺܶࡣ
аиεѹֲòֳȥٿأһƣء
ƣڣһͺʶȻǿӰ˷͵ۣ֮ܵǧڻص죬⼷ѹ£һ໥һ𣬱ǿںϡ
ںϣŸոսһ룬̾мƣںбǵıʧǷѳΪ£һֽ½
һ̶̵Ϣ䣬ǧƾ̱Ƶʶ޷
˫¶⣬ֹһںϾͻʧܣһΣ̱һֻ߳·ϥԭ
һϢХ죬ȴֵıһ֮£ֱ֣֮һͬʱħ֮ħͬʱΣȥһ
ʣĹ֮壬󼲳ۣħ֮ǻܡ
ƣڣַɫͺһʶһηļѹۣͬʱֱ֮ͬʱչΪ֮ںʶڣʹ⼷ѹںϣ˲Ϣ
صѵĽƣںϵģȫһɲǣֱʶͬʱ̾ǿеһ
תۼ䣬˵ؽƱΧļ٣ջܵģֻʣ˲
ǵĴںϣ
ƣͬƥԸܵٿصҰɢâʶ֣бƣ̾ͻܱѶȥ
˫Ȼͨ죬Ѫ˿ͫףһϸ˿໥һƴĳĹ
ÿˣ˫ۣͫףѪ˿Ѫ˿״ȴ˲ͬЩѪ˿ƣı֣ܵĺۼҲϵƱԴķ
ƣںϣ̧֮£ԴȻûԴһǿ𶯣ѳ˲ϢХ˲Ϣ£ÿһֱѣΧмַ
ѽµɲǣһεıǿںϣ֮ʱ˵صĽƣһδεںУ˵ΣߴΣڰ˴Σ
һδεںϣıеĽƲںһ𣬶ĸȵȡ
һڵڰ˴ں֮󣬴ߵĽƣֻʣǧ
ǧƣÿһ涼ĴһЩڶ磬һʮɴСܷ֮
ǧƣ˫ۺ˿ࡣ
ǧһʮˣ͵վӣ̧ؿֱһģһ֮£ſѪ
һѪ̴֣һ˦ѪҺǧһʮݣֱÿһڡ
ѪھŴڣһѪҺΪӣǧٴںϣһεںϣѪһƺ£˴˽صѪԽԽŨ󣬸ǰĽƣֻʣ˾Ÿ
ŸǧɴСͬСɽһĽƣɢɣϢǿڣ
Ÿں϶һɲǣһͻȻܺɨ
ţ⼸ͬʱͻȻıʣ˼ֱ̧Ӿ͵Ŀϡ
һ֮£ĿѪУһ޴ͫӰȻûǰͫڣһ֮Ѫ˿


1715 Ŀ˿
ʲôǺ˵뷨֮Ҳڤ˼ҲʼѰҲź
һ㣬ҲãеʱΪԼ뵽ˣʱȴڲϵط֮ǰĲ²⡣
򣬷ص󷨣뵽Ĵ𰸡
ʲôⶴأʲôƾʲôԾ뷨εЩ
ֲףս֮ԴһµĹҲ벻ֻ֪ͨҲãҲãЩ֮ǰǿεĻǾǴؼһˣ飬ϵߡ
ͬʱڵϵģ˿һЩ˿ߣֶڹ⡣
ÿһ˿ߣԲͬǽһ˲һĹЩϵĳЩ־Ƿ
⣬أ
ƣ⣬سʱһЩ絮飬ǴĤأֱɣոɣֵĸı䣬ûиıĿȳ羴Уģ¹ģ·򣬵һ
󷨣ǽƣ
ĸ£оĲЩ֮Ĳͬ𣬶׷ѰԼĽԴ
Щε˿߾ǹôһҪĻýƱԴͱҪ۳Լһ˿ߡ
Щ˿ߣҪԼΪݣҪȫԼɳɹ
ǣǹնһ˺ⷫƷ籩׵һ˲䣬뵽һ˫ͫڵѪ˿
Լ˫ĿѪ˿ؼ˿ߣеĽƺֵ˫ĿڣһصĴڣ˫ۣǽƱԴĹ˼־ҲǷ
ַδ뵽֣ǵһӼ˼ܣһͲ׸ı䡣
˿ǰõĿ֣ͫеѪ˿¶һͺ£ͫڵѪ˿ȫ˸޷Ŵ֮оͽǱеĴڡ
ʱ̧Ŀ֮ϣʱۻûǰٴγһ޴ͫס
ͫ׳ֺѪ˿˸ܣЩһһЩѪ˿ںϣ󣬴˵ްƴڣֻ޴ͫף޾Ѫ˿Ưǿա
һõͫһ֮мСɢ˫Ŀڣͬʱֱ˫ۡ
ı壬һ֮һһںϣǰһĿķصһ
ɢܵʶۣصڡ
ԴĳܣתԴϢʹֵӿЩģ
ƬǿյһУ˿̶ƽ֮ǰûκ鷢Ψϥһ
ģһɼǿϢɢϢǿڵǿΪڴɢ˲䣬ϢƷڣ˱ļ
ϢԽԽǿɢУԴĳ֮ڻߵԴĻ
ֵ˫ۣһɲȻ˫͸˴֮ͻֲĿ⣬ĿⱾûɫ˵ˣĿߣȫһĿΪѪɫĴ
ĿԴͷֵͫϣѪ˿ЩѪ˿ع򣬸ط
ÿһѪ˿ڣ̺˽ƣɫƽ˫ǿһɨĿУǿմģϸߣЩϸߣǹ
̧ǰһƽֿȥһ˿ϸߡ
ϸ߱ɲǣԶǿգ̾һƬƾճ֣⺮ֵ̫ͻȻһͰܱ⡣
ʳָɿεϸߣԶǿյıȻŰ˷һ޴ıֱ֣ǰʮɣɢӰ
ɫ糣ٴһϸ˿Ū֮£Ҳ༫Զ֮ǿգȻһ޴ĺڶ޾֮ܵĳɡ
ֱ֮˫ۣٴ֮ʱһָ˫Ŀ֮ü⡣أ˫ۺâɼǺâµһѪ˿ֵĿиı˹켣Ĵӻɢۣ˫ʹУ۳һ
һۣһ
һߣ˿ɣͫװǺͫм䣬âɢָ⣬ģָĹâԽ貣ɫҲʺ컯һƬƵĹ⡣
ַ֮£ǰһָһָУĹ˸ȴһѳ壬ֵǰ
˽һƬãƴڡ
ѽֵɲǣһͷ޷Զڸ֮ȫϢȻӿڣֱ˿ڣ
͵̧ͷֺݺݵסΪӣ򵥵ȭʹǿһǿձץһ
վӣִһ˦߰ѱԴ֮Хһһʧ
һץ£֮ǰչȱڵĹг֣ĿһֿǷ˲䣬ⷫϵȱۿɼٶϣƬ̼䣬κȱݡ
ǷϵĹ죬ڴ˿̵ֿȥȴС
Ȼ׵ĳΪ֮
½ڵĻҲǽƵһ֣ǽƱԴһ֣ƣٵģͬ˵ڣǴڣʱ˵ڣͲڡ
ǻáƣȴȻͬ˵ƱԴⱾԴδɣֻΪܱ
ĽƱԴɣأĹΪصĹ־Ϊصķһ㣬ѣѣѡ
ֳĬҡͷǹǰһȥ
»ܶ࣬ϵĻýҲһЩʱоǵ˸뿪ʱˡֵӰһͷ׷ƮҡУԶȥ
ƺջ񼫴󣬵ŰǣΪ󣬸˹ɲͻħۣǷɺ贽ˡ
Ҫǣ߲ʵϣһѰҵķ
ͬһʱ䣬½ϣ֮طΧڣһĴսǾ֮ϺⳡսϺ˲ǵΪûʸ֪һУڵϵʿ˵ֻǿ⼸ǻһƬ
ޣΪ֮˲٣ӦҲ쵽ת֮ʱ֪ûҵػ֮ˣûеĻһ
һҽ½ʼվһɱһţ֮ϣѪգɫƽڡ
ɱҵһţ˽˷֮أ£
Ҫȥĵط£ãǲã޸ͲмˣЩıƣ¶⡣


1716 ˣ
ƺѷ⣬˿˴ޣЩһɫʼմž֣ǲǰǽѷĽƷ籩
ֻѷǵļң˿ǻΧǲԸȥ
ʱţЩ޽ȴѷ죬ƵĵͺصܣһգһӰѷл߳ĳ֣̾ΧЩһˡ
ĸֵܵɢһĲϢ
߳ѷ죬ĿƽǰɨûͣǰһΣӰʧԭء
ֱȥ˺ܾãܵ޲Ŀѷ죬СȥΣպŴӿѷС
ǿգӰޣʱ¶ӣҲɲɢ֮ʱ˺ԶĵطʱֵǰƺıԵҲɽڡ
ƯĴ½ܵӣ貵Ĺâ͵ɢһжӳڣ󷨵Ĳɢػɽ硣
ɫĮģҲⶴ磬ȸļҡ
кܶϤˣ޷ᡣ
ٺɽӣܴ˽ƣǲ㡭ϴڵɽƣ֮ǰûǿ󣬿£ˡ
ṳ̂ɽ磬վ⣬Ƭ̺˫ͫɢĺѪ˿ٴγ֣ɢâ
̧ǰȻһӣһУ˫Ŀͫ׵Ѫ˿ϢĻûǰֱӶȥ
һɲǣ˫Ѫ˿â˸ЩûѪ˿֮ӳһһڣһƬʹӣ͸Ѫ⡣
ЩֿǿգĿЩģعϸٴһһֳ̧ǰһƣ̾дĹϸǿ˰趯ܰ˷۶ܼĻܡ
һɽⳡѰҵĺƽУƽֳĬƬ̣һȥ
ڽɽһɲǣɽڵĺӵ׷״붨ѣɫһա
ءˮ˾ͽϻӵˣ׷վУԶİӰ¶΢Ц
Ϥˣ˿Ҳ׷ڿǰӰһ̣ЦݸɫС
ֿǰһϤףоܰЦݣҲЦˮվźŮȻѾϡ
ص˪˪ԶȺһӣĬĬ˪ɫиӣҲбģȴ㡣

ֻ㣬У㼴ѳ꣬һӡԱͷϻҲ顣
Ŀɨ΢Цڡ
ؼˡ
֣ɽ󻶺ɽԭһƬտ֮أ˿ȴǱһȺ̫ǳﷱϢ˿塣
εһԼǺõé⣬գҲͬ¶΢ЦŮٻ÷ûиߣǱչȥˡ
εΪٻ÷Ϊʶڴ˿ɽ󣬱չأεıԴ
˼򵥵Ľ̸ֱ뿪ˣߵģ˾ͽϣ㣬дͷʮˣЩ˸֣ɽıһ಻ɽϣס
ڼҲȥε֪ٻ÷չغԼҲ֪Ϊʲô˿
Ҳ֪ټٻ÷Լ˵ЩʲôԼҲ޷ֵ壬ٻ÷֮䣬Ƕ顣
顭Ǿٻ÷ֶĻʼֶ߻ص
ɽ磬ͬһԴԶķȥ˿̽ڽѰҵӰֵĹʿ˼ᶨģ͵ȥ
־סɽϣһܼ򵥵ᣬֵļҡ
ҲԸȥߣͬһŮһʱֵĿ⣬
ų㣬ĳů⣬ʹʹģĽȸϵһĻĻ
ǾãԼЩԲֻĿ֪࣬ʹҲͬûܿǧ£صһС
ʮͷżָ£˺ܶ򡣴ͷĻѪҲ͸˶Էҽ⿪ʹӵķӡôͷɡ
ֻǴͷʼգҲûѡ뿪ֻʱգɫԣ¶׷䣬֪ͷˣֻǴͷļңѾˡ
ͯ£ʹĻ䣬Ҳᡣ
ʮһ򵥵ˣȥ̫࣬ΨһͷΪʦǿĵӣʦҪʱԷһУ
˾ͽϣֺȾƣʱЦֵӣɫǸˣУеķա
żҲϡɵĿ֣ҡͷппĲֵĳɳԼѾܾúܾûүˡ
ҲһΣɫֺȾʱŨʼնûп˵һ仰ֻžһһĿһۣ¶һЦݣͷȥˡ
ıӰɪʼͼ˪ϿĴڣߣ𡣲ܽΣѡȣһĵһӡ
ܿ죬ɽڣȹһ£һУȡ˵ɽõƷ󣬰ȫȡ͸صˡ
ǻᰲŰЩȥɽߡ
ͬʱɽ֮⣬һңҲͷԶĴսѰҵķЩ⣬ƾ˵֣ˣһѪ󷨣󷨣ϵѰȥ
Ȼ滹һЩΪֶ֪Σһ㣬Ҳ޷֪
ĴսΪ׵Զ⣬սϹûκξٶֻʶңңĴսѰҡ
˼ûڲأĴսȻףȴûзѰң֣δں
߲ʵˣƺȥټ⼸ڣֱ飬ܵѰ
ʩչĳͨͨǽڽĴսʿΪ߲ʻõĻᡣ
ҲѰҵ꣬һµʱ䣬󲿷ʱоǹڵĻա
飬ΪܽҲûпݵķֻѰҵ꣬Ļһ̣Ҫǰγ
޷γҲҪŪף̣״ʲôطʲôķʽ
̣ӣ
ⲻֵһηӣȴһΣҪһٽǧ
ӣ㵽ײʲôطϥ⣬Ŀһ˫ۣڣǱʼձ֮С
Ҫͨ˻꣬ҳӱڣȥɱˣ
˲İǳ˵⣬ı


1717 
ӷ֮꣬ڣֵ뷨ĿУڣ˱Լںϵӷ
ЩͨӷƽµһнߣڤڤпԸӦӵĴڣԼǼΣҲԸȥӡ
ϾУӵأδڵڶйͬĸо
ʲôطʲôơüͷӷںϣĬĬ
ʱţϥ⣬ûаŲȫӷУں֮£ֳԼΪӵĴ
ָоǵһθܣʵڵˮΣʱ־ȻᣬںϣľһƬƽͣû˫ۣƬɽ½УǬҲĿڣӲԼһļ㡣
ָоһ޵͡
֣Լ֣·Ϊӵһ֣ԽԽܵںУʶɢ⣬ɢ
ַʽͨӱ֮ڤڤеϵҵӣֻ㣬ͱȫںϽȥ׵ĻΪӷ
ֲַǵһʩչҲϸ˼ǷΣգȴûκζߡ
ӷںϵһ˲䣬ٺڣһɴСʯǿջƮʯڣϥ¶΢Ц
һͷ׷Ʈɷ֮⣬ֻȴǵЦݳɢЩɭĪ
˫ۻ¶֮âǵЦݸŨĿƴ͸ڵʯǿգǿվͷɽУϥӰ
ϷĺͽӲҵġΪԽߣϷİԽ󣬺ôҲԽ࡭
ףߵԴˡããã΢Ц̧𣬻סȭͷȭɲǣһıԴϢȻʹɢ
ԴĵȷȷԴ
ֿϷҲᡭַϥϣ˫гԴ⣬Ȼ˵ڶԴ
ĿΪ٣Ϊ桭ӵ˫ĿУٱԴ֮ۡ
Ϊ˵ģӵĿͫڣڶĿУ컮ۡ
ЩҶᡭɱ¾ԴϷҲСü֮Уһģл֣ڣȻһӣ£
ܺáЩϷѾչ߱Դ˫Ŀ˸ͫ̾дѪ˿֣ЩѪ˿ڶ̶̵ʱڣռͫ׵һеطأнƳ֡
ֻͫѪ˿ڵĽƣһЩʱſȫȫѪ˿ڣչò̫ãӾͿеĽƱԴ
ͫ˿ع־Ϊط򡭡ͽΪʦܾȣַδ뵽ܺãһ£֮ܳӣ
ҵļƻɣһɣ촽¶˷֮ɫɫһƽϣǺ
һľǧ꣬Ȼֻδȡ֮ʱҪͳһЩϡ
Ŀһ˫ڵѪ˿Уƴ̵ܶʱУѾռ˫ĿѪ˿ڼ
һɲǣȴͻȻɫһЦֱʧ˫ĿںϵĽƣҲ̾ͣ
ɽУڵɽ嶥ϥʱ䣬һ֣˿ͻȻ˫ۣǿԼӷںз
ɫ¶֮ɫͷԼ壬üͷĺܽ
֣ôоӷںʱԴʧֳϸĲ鿴һԼߵԴôԴûа٣зģɻȴʼ
Դû١ΪһָоѵǴֳĬƬ̺ٴΰӷڣںϣڽҪںϵһɲǣͻȻһΣٴǿںϣȻվ
ɫ̧֮ͷգ¶⡣
ԣоǴӷ⣡̧üһģ͵һק̱˿һĻüıֵϣӵӡ
ӷ֮ϥһ
⵽׳ʲôطӷĻ꣬ʶɢϸϸһջûκη֣ɻ
ûԴҲûмٰ㣬һжֻҵĸоĪҸоӷ䱾𣬴һЩϵϵҪҳӵķ£ôоƺϵ˵·ӵ֮ڡһ𣬶ԼĲ²⣬޷ȥš
֮أԲҹ֮ɱӷռΪУѵҲӹΪ⡭δ̫˼иֵ֮صһĻĻȥ䣬Ҳʼտаӿĺۼ
ӷ֮꣬ɫ仯Խ벻ͨĬ˫۾һһ֮ʧԭء
Ӱ֮ʱɽϷһƵɽ֮£ɽ֮һƬɫѩǣһѩɽ
ХǷле㾧ӨǷеѩϣ͸̹ǵĺɽԾֱɽȥ棬ȴ޷ֹӰ㡣
ڽɽ֮ʱֿ˪˪һ£ǰأɫɪ䡣
Ƶ˵ʲô˪Ŀ⣬밮ûвֵĵҲûдˣһ֮¾ʹ߹̤ɽĶ
һɫĸ¥ƣջһ޴Уɨ˷ԶҲ
Ǹ¥⣬Ӵ߳
¥ţϢ򿪣شһϮͬʿһ㣬Ц֡
ѵˣ֪ĳ£
ؾܵΪӣʱţҲͲᣬΪݣȻȻģҲı˳ƺˣʾ֮ͬ˵𾴡
ǰó㣬ĳǰܼһֱȭɫأء
ãĳᾡȫҪô˵ǡؿɫ࣬Цݣڡ
֮꣬ӷ֮꣬Ӵˣó㣬ǲ֪ںδҵϻֱʣҪ֮ͨѰҡְ֮ǰ齻һӷ֮֡
ֻɫأȫ˵˫¶⣬ӷ֮ꡣ
д£ȿ˻̧꣡ץסӷ֮꣬ȥ


1718 ֻһ
֮üͷʶӷ֮ջأ仹֡
ûʲôߡ˻Ѱֻһ޶ҼΪʱӡ
ҲûзôֳƬ̣ٴοڣںϣʶڣҵıԴǷб仯
صͷ
һԼȫӷʱԼ壬ǼΪΣյ飬Էʲô׵˼˺
أ֮䣬࣬Щ£Իζ֡
ֵĻҲкǸп˽⣬֪һ˵ĻɼԼγ̶ȡ
ûжԣǰϥ£ǰǴӷ֮꣬˫ĿȻպϣʶɢȫӷڣĽںϡ
˫Ŀ¶⣬ɨȥһȫڹ۲ϣʶɢ壬ϸĿڵһУһ֮£һ£Ŀ¶޷֮ɫ
ߵԴ֮ǰֻ˵ԴѾ޷¾Ȼߵֵô޵ģߵԴ⡭̫ˣصֵĿ𾪡
𾪵ģʶڵɲǣܵ˱ԴǸܵһԲĺȻȻϢڵѪ֮
ѪڴڵϢƣͬڣǰҪͷĤݣҪ־뾴η
ϢǰԵޱȣ·а㲻ͻᱻһֻأĨȥһ㣡
ɫ̲԰ףһʶ˺ֵĿ⣬Ȼ𾪣ǿֲ
ֻ֪йѪеϢǹ񣡣ʲôϢȻ˿ֲ
֮زǿѹ𺳣ǿԼȥ۲ںʱıʣ˿̣Ҳӷ֮ںϵĹؼ֮ʱ
ſţغȻɫһ䣬ܵڵߵԴǽƱԴûвٿص£ֳһ˿תĳٿء
һУּûʲôֻڸоϣЩԾѡ
̶֮ȵںϣǽƱԴֳһ˿תٶȸ죬һȦȦĻơ
ԣԽԽǹ죬˼ֱ̧Ӿ͵üġ
һָ֮£ȫһɲǵͣ٣һתںϣ˲䱻ⶨǿֹ
ͬʱصüĵָȻһֱӵؿڣһק֮£һ˿Ĺؿ˸Ĺ˿ָϡ
˫˸Ĺϸ˿˿תĽƱԴһС֡ʶȻȫϸ˿ϣȥһɲǣԺǰȻңʱһУȻһƬϤǿա
ǿգٺӣ
ֵĽƱԴתһ˿Ȼ뵽ش˿ʶûǰһϸ˿ϸ˿ֱǰǿգټ
кһһ֮˳ϸ˿ֱǰȥ
ҵҪӱڸˣɫɲǾʧԭأϸ˿ֱԶ
ʱ䲻ԼȻ׷˺ԶʱȻǰǿգϸ˿֮̾һƬ߲֮â˸
߲֮âֵһ˲䣬һϵǿջ
ءⲻùܵ飬Ϸȥĳ֣߲֮â˸ȻͻһѾ޴ɨֱն£
ռǿգ˿̻£ܵǿһ˫һͣٺ˫һӡ
ǣ£գ⻤壬ӣʱǹ⣬¹⣬˲Ϣ䣬һ
صֱӱıȴͬȫһӰֱӾʧǿС
ɽڣѩɽϣֲƵϸ߱һ֮˳ɫΪ԰ס
ͬһ𣬶ɢںз룬˫ۡ
ûӣȴ߲ʣ֮ǰںʱڽƱԴתһ˿ĳ뵽ٺڡ˳֮ȥ߲նϵػڡ
ٺ򡭡к˸
ûв´ӷ֮꣬Ӧþ֮ϵڣͨ˻꣬͵ıԴ˵ȷƾˣȻ뵽ķֻǣΪƾһͿ͵ıԴ
һһ²ͨ͵ıԴΪıԴûа١ҷŶԷʩչͨҲǹ죬ͨƼ򵥣ʵȴתǿյѰֶΡ¶˼ڡ
ɱŨֻЩҲǣȴ޷֮
ѡӡķĿһ
ʱһϵѩɽϻض˶С
֮ʱŹһַֻ֣ⷨһͬʱһƬâճ֣ӳѩɽϣâڣεӰû
ؼǰɫһâȭ
ֻһĿһ
â̤ɽѩϣ΢΢һЦ󣬿֣Ŀ¶顣
Ǵţ˵߲֮ͨһֻ߲Ҳû޳ɡ
ⷨص㣬εֻУÿһεֻضԼһһķ໥ɣˣϣ޳ɣֻлһЩӵĵطûмҲ޷֪
֪Դ޵ķǱ˻ãôں̵ܶʱڣ÷֮ˣͻ֮Ϊһ壡
һΪһ壬ɽ϶һͿԻһ֮˵ϢΪжٱԴԷͻж١
̫ͨһ޳ɣΪǿ󡭡ҿ״̬֮ǰټ꣬ĳɰգ˱˵ֻһ
ֳĬ
Ȼ֪ľ壬κͨƽķֻһҲһܽԷɣôΪҲӡε𻺻ڣ¶⡣
ʩչ˴֮ˣһҳҪ߲û޳ɵͨжߵʣȻ޳ɣ
ֻǣɱĻԼֻ֣Ѿںϳһ壬ֻӣ˵Ҳһ컯ε̧죬ǴĿâһ⻷εУһ֮£ֱӾͰֵü֮ϣ
кǰһжУǿգǿǰתʹ˲Ϣ䣬Ϳٺ򣬸ǿٺƯһʯ
ʯڣϥ͵˫¶𾪵ӣĿ⣬ӵ˫Ŀһɲǣص


1719 죡
ӣǰһбֵɢһ֮£ֱնȥɲǾʧɽ磬߳Χӣ
ɢĵطɫһЩǡ
޷εŮӣ˶áâ¶ɱһ̣ȥԼֶһŻﾡƽȴȻŭ˿̴һ˦ӻһƬâʧѩɽϡ
Ŀоһͬǰһȥֱա뿪ǰصɽ硣
ǰǰֵѱһΪ֮ƣĳȥǿԸͬ
ɽĵشӵϢӰûûаԥֱ̤ա
֮һ˼ûǰѡϾ뿪ɽڴܲ࣬ʱЩ
ֳɽӣǰһȥӰأ֮ʱȻٺɫ侲˫ȴ¶ɱкܶ벻ףεĻȴһ顣
ӣ֮ǰԼȸ֮ʱ֮أ
걻ҿƣʧһκ󣬶̶̵ʱм㣬ԷˡֱҪɱʲô˼ƻ²֪ҲûϵֻҪˣһжɱŨͬһѳʵֱǿա
ٺ䣬ʱأǷʶĵطǰС
һжɲǼ䷢ٺƯʯڣɫһ䣬֮ǰһ˲䣬ʶԼ֮ɲǣ̾ϳʶ֣
ΪӦôҵ˰Ҵ˲أĿһֱվ𣬸Ҫ߳ʯȻ͵תͷĿ⴩͸ʯ棬һ֮£ɫ
ô졭
ʯ⣬ǿԶһХǳڣ˫ĿǰƯʯȭٶȸ죬ԶԶһֻⳤص䣬ֱʯһɲǾٽʯһ
¡¡ľ˲Ϣ侪춯أֵȭͷһȭʯϣʯֱӱķдƬĵֱӻĩɢһա
лĲƻһȭҪǿմһ
߲ʹâһӵԶ֣˫̧ǰ裬ǲǰɢ
ӣ̧ͷӣ̧Ųǰȥ
ɫƽûаңٽɲǣͻȻлڶֱӻһƬǰɢ
̧һָա
ǰǴƬ𺣣̻һֻȸһ˻УӴȸȶֱֶȥ
һĻû𾪣âʱľ׼˿̿ԼĻ汾ԴգֻиŨɱ
ǻȸ˻ٵɲǣĿͬлХǰͬǾ޴Ļȸǰ۶ȥ
ԶԶһһĻΪˣֻ޴Ļȸռ˰ǿգ˲ϢһȸӾǰ׷趯˫Ŀƴ͸ȸײĵط
汾ԴĶԿȸײһɲ˾ˣ֮ǿջǿбճ˴ѷ죬ܺɨ
¡¡ײ£ֻȸͬʱһӣһ뽫û
ĿĻУڵĵط̾¡ȴһǿ˷۶Ȼͻһ޴ľͷ
ͷŸͷ­̺磬ӻıд͸׽һ֡
ɫԴϤ˿̿ûͣڳǰ֮ʱĿһ˻һ޴Ŀ֮ףֱǾͷ
һԴȻǻոձδɢɲǣһǺ¡¡ɫ԰ףȴûκֱӾʹ͸еӲʮɣ
¶΢Ц٣΢ҡͷָ̧ƣһץһץɲǣָ£סȭ
ֵĶһһסȭ˲䣬ͬʱ͵һק
ȫһɫ԰ףһѪӵŵŵźˣȴƽ
ͨıԴһУҶᡭ
ӺˣӣĿɱŨɱ£˫۳˴Ѫ˿
ҵıԴҵͨ㶼ᡭôأ̧˫ĿֱһĨһĨ֮£࣬̾޴ͫӰûͫױѪ˿֮¿ͬ
ƱԴͫ˿ɹ٣˫Ȼһӣȴ޴ֱͫǰȥ˲ϢͣɲǼ䣬ͻ޾֮
һ̣ͫڵѪ˿ǿڣһۿȥһȫѪ˿ǡ
ǲѪ˿̺˽ƣͬһ㣬ֱӾͽӲڡ
ɱһͺܵѪ˿̷ӺɨͬһХ
ѳһ壬ҵķɱˣΡ¶΢ЦֵĿ£Ѫ˿ֱӷָɢ
һֻܿĻϢ߽ĵطƮֱֶԸⲻԸ⣬ڣӷ֮ںϣʹڻ꣬ǿһЩ
ͬʱӷ֮ǿ˲䣬̾͸ܵٺһӵϢٴγ֣
ֳĬһȥɲʧ
Ǹһǣ֮һأһƬήΨһϥһͷ׷Ű£˫ۣϴͬ΢Цҡͷ˫ĿڳѪ˿Ѫ˿̺˽ƣ
һ꣬ƱԴҲֵáֻΪӦǿһЩĻҵļƻ͸ˡӵ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ֻһȻżľѣҲ֪ԭҲǳһߣѾ˾ʮߴΡһΣҵھʮ˴ξѣ˫ĿڵѪ˿ɢվӣ̧ͷա
Ӧÿ׷ˡ
仰µɲǣǵƲ㷭ֵӰһ߳أϡ
ֳ֣΢ЦŨ
һΣǸ򡣡̧һָҲָ࣬һΣֱӵԼüģһ֮£ָȫ͸ͷǣǹЦݣӵȻһƷֻɳֵĴУڡ
ŵɢĵطֺȻоһĺ
ҪʲôֳĬУٺ֮ǰָķУܵһӵϢ
Ϣȴĵ


1720 ӣô
ǵأз紵ɨȴִ˿еĺĬվϣ̧ͷԶ
ԶͷǿУӵϢԽԽŨ͸һɹţֵУƿǰһ޴ӰӰǴŰ۵ӣ趯İ۽ȫ˺ֻܶ࣬¶һ˫۾ңң֡
һУٵģеĺĻ㱡
ҵĵôૣ¶֮âֲçϣǡ
ӵսҪľǣ
ó㣬ȥһطһԴ׳մﵽĳĿġĿģĪǶ᲻ɣ
ϿӦǶᡭӵĪ⣬пĿģĿ˸ǰء
ӲѴ֮ͰǧྭĥºõıԴȫӡ£ôף
ҲĻȫıԴǲܵ飡ǰһȥֱǿϢڶȥ
ƫƫţӼȻҪҹȥҾ͹ȥֺηɫΪǰĿ˸ϡ
ֻһȫգôΪ֮ǿ޷ұضǵһѡںߣҲ˵֮ǰһЩҲͬǵһжӡߣӵıԴ;ֻд͵ߵЩ
ıԴἫ࣬ʲôֻһҲδ̫˼飬ͨ½ĴǣҪԴ
ˣȥʲôȥѧʲôʲôԴֻҪѧֻһʲôʲôŹϣ
ַҶ϶Ȼм⣬ⷨǷӡԴ˵ǿռۣвϵĻ֮ǰӵıԴս
ףһδεıԴԿֵڸ֣ʣϸϸĹ۲
ûжߡüͷһ壬ǿӰͻȻһ٣н¶⣬Ŀ¶˼Ƭ̺ɫ˹ϣһֱ֮ʧӰ
ٺһУһƬƯǿɫʯڣϥһʯϣ˫ۿǰǹ΢Ц
һΣЩˡͽΪʦȽϣͻ̫ˡ
ʱǰǿڣһХƻص䣬ټ죬ɲǾٽӲɣ̤һʯϣĿ
һƬžûпڣֻӣģȻЦˣ΢Цϥ£ɫɢȡ֮һƬƽ͡
ӣĳıԴɻ⡣Цѡ
ֻЩˣ޷Ϸȫ⡣ͬ΢Цͷڡ
ϧԴԸЩҲֻߵѣ⣬ҼȡߣΪáֺЦӡ
Ŀһֵľٶɵ˹Źֿ֣ãЦݽɢȥ
ӵͽôƽΪʦҪԴֺη̧üһָ̧ʱָϣ˾Ө͸ˮΡ
Ϊʦڱϻõˮ֮Դϧֻһ˿޷˽ͻƽΪʦɺܾˣ㣬֮ܽȫ򣬵ˮ֮ԴΪʦҲлһ˵ţǰһӣˮֱֶƯüġ
ôֿһǰˮΣЦ
üͷ΢һ壬ϲı飬֣Щɵϲģ֮ǰçһĶԷ
ȻҪԴҲɣǰһӣȴһϣƻвϵ䶯仯ӣһ˦֮£һֱ֡
֣ǿȥһϷϷӮˣȻļΣһΪʦ컯Ը⻹ǲԸ⣬ϷںܶǰѾʼˡٴ¶΢Цֵ̧Ŀ£ԼüģҪ͸ȥ
̧ǰһӣһɿХֵ̺ĵѪ֮ܣʹԱʯȻһ֮£ָǱ򿪣ָӶͷ¶һѪۡ
㲻Ҫżȥĳû˵ꡣ
Ҫɱ㣬ף㲻ǰɱַҵŪһĪӣӣⲻԸ񡭡ôǵıҿʲôҪķڸʲô֪Ҳ֪΢Цɣӡ
ɫֵľٶЩϣ֣˫۽¶⡣
ӣ㣬͵ĳıԴͨҲ͵ҵļ䣬͵ҵĵѪôЦƽͣڡ
ʩչһʽѪͨôĳʹ䣬ڲΣ㣬ô¶֮ɫ
ô
Ӷ֣ûпڣûʩչͨԼ֪ܣǵѪ֮޷ӡǹڸǵ飬ԴĿ֮һ
㲻ܣأҲװģĪǻΪǵոȥʱôѵΪ֮ʱôӣΪңѪûҸ߹ȸͬϣҴʿԿʱ㻹ڶذҵĵԷɽ磬Ĥݣ
ҿɽ磬ʿڣôǼ㣬Ҳֻϲıƣ㣬ʲôĳⳡϷ
ʸôִ΢ЦԴȴΪϬ
ҿԸʸ񣬲ϷңȥϷȥֲϲıϲı
ûκεϢʲôֻһӡҵĵѪһδε˵ĶôӣıЦݸŨĻӶУȴɫûκα仯ֻЩȴȻһ
ⳡϷĹ򣬲ңⳡϷǱȵģҵıɱǰһҵķռݣﵽᣬĳֲɸ˵Ŀģ
Σ䲻ģΪֻһʿⳡϷӮˣҲֻӮһˣ
ڣ㲻ȥⳡϷˣҪ棬ĳͺúõһΣкһϵ΢ЦȴǴδаɢ
Ӷ֣ͫ
ұȥѰıӣҪٶȿһЩĻģ̇ǰ͵һӡ
֮ХֱӶȥ
ڣȥˡ


1721 мƣ
Ѫ֮ķ籩ɢƬǿڣʯ飬κʯڣ籩ɢȥһƬž
̧ͷŶǸλãһθܵӵϢ彥֮Ӱûģصһ룬һ߳
ڱ߳ɲǣַ̧һץǹ֣ǰһУͣһȫһƬ֮С
ڣֿԼķĿ¶⡣
ͨҲǿӡ֮ҲϧһзϵԼķһΣôӵһƶ
ֻôۺܴЩֵӣȻҪĳȥⳡϷôͿ˭Ӯңૣ̧һָڱüġ
Х֮һɲǻǿգȴַ˫¶֮âָ⣬Ƿ˱ü֮ڣһ
˲Ϣ䣬ܵĹȻͻһƬγһ޴Ĺü
ԶԶһһĻǾˣǴӿ£մ뵽ֱüڣǷֳһЩֵƤϣȫǡ
ַɫв԰ףִӱü̧תǿһݡ
ǰǰкǰĳλǰΪ
ֻﴫ˲䣬ǿ˸εһ߳Ӷ˳Ĭ档
ʵ٣Ŀν档
Ϸڣľǣҵı㱾ΪٸߣҲӲεϥֱǰַڡ
ֵͷһȭתһǿգŶȥϢڡ
ǰУĳǵˮСסԴ
˱Ѱӱ⣬Ҳ׼һһżǻзͬʱûķҪҵ䱾ǰȡʤڴôֳǿǰʱؿڡ
һɲǣִڷеĻ꣬˱仯Ļ꣬ڵȻΪ̻꣬һУҲԼ
Ļ꣬һеıԴڣԪҲǧ˿Ƶϵһ֮һжɢ
ҵļ䣬ӵȫҵıԴȻܽǸôʧȥˣҲ»ãϾԴڸ򣬶ҲұĻУ
ӣⳡϷ䶨ˣӡһؿʧ
ûκԥ񳹵׳ӷ֮ںϣŶȥ
ٺ򶫷޾ǿУӰûûǹ΢Цɫ޷ƽˮ
Զк˸
֣ҪɱұҵڣԼ˱ģҵҲҵֹƶˣǷҲ١ܴӵССʿߵڣзѰֶΣòˣ˷ʱ䣬Ҫɼƻ㻹Щ覴ãҲνˣ
һɣҾͻ˯ȴھʮŴεľѣһεľѣҽ״Ը
֣Ϊһεĳ˯ɲǾͻֵھʮŴεľѣ˸⣬˫̧Ȼ˫ۣ˫ĿպϵɲǣٺڣһƬƬǿУڲͬĵطȻͻûһһӣ
ЩһһûͬʱһλǸλǿƶ֣
һ˲䣬ڣǿУһŤ䣬һӣû
ǵĳֵɲǣͬ뿴Զٺӣ
ͬʱ죬ƺ򣬲ƻصУӵķһһ֣Ĵķһ𣬽ӽǧ
ӵǧʮεľУɶ壡
ǧȫڽĴһ˲䣬ǿǰеȻһ٣˫¶֮â
мˣַ֮꣬һ̷һ㣬ӿǧ˴˺Ӧһɲǣ·ֳΪķһ㣡
ֵڣǧȫӦ֪ÿһڣܵÿһϢЩϢȫӣ
ֱ޷ҵӱ𣬵Ļ֮һ㣬ͬʱҲӣ
֮ǰЩѰÿһ䶼̺ǬĻڱƵӸı˼ƻڼɵֵͬʱΪ˸ռַǧȫٻҪٶȣں̵ܶʱʧܣ
ȴǸûϵ֮ǰûκΰҵ䱾ڣ£ģ
ģӸģǧģ
ŶԷǧϢ־ͿԳ׵ӣȫһЩϢѰԴı
ͬһ·ѰңѴӴ۸ѰԴͷ˿Ըǧ·һȫչֵУ
йâԶԶȥͬһ㣬¶Цݣ˫֮Ȼüģ
ǧϢΪεΪ·ãǧûֻص׷Ѱ˱𣡡ֵüĵɲǣٺεػֱͻȻӱĿ˫Ŀ
֪ҵ䱾ĵ·˫Ŀ¶֮ââȫֱ䣬ŶԷǧϢλǧĵ·
ֱǰһƬģĿתѰǧϢ·ߣ뵽һƬеĻþ֮С
ֵε֮ŹĻýǧΪֳָǧڣǳӵֻؾУȥ׷ѰԴڣ
뵽ģӵķ
˿ֱڣһģ磬ܿ죬ģɢһжչ¶ֵС
ģǿգǿϤٺӣһʯʯƯǿգʯڣֿӣӵĶԷȻϥһԹȥߣߣ
ϥɫ¶ʹ࣬ϣһЩдѪҺѪҺûϴǶԷʥߵıı֮Ѫ
ɫʹԽӾңҲ֪˶ãͺ˫Ŀ͵˫ڣһӰ˸ЩӰһ
Ȼſڣ޾Ŵ󣬹֮һھͽɣɵ˲䣬˫Ŀ¶ãı˫ۡ
ޱ޼ʵתĳһ죬ӵ˫ֱ¶㱡
ˡһγ˯ѵҲ׼ˡ֡
ֿһУ»ʵֻɲǡ
ΪҪ˵ѡӵ˼Σǰһӵɢ̾ٴλûµĻ档


1722 ݣ
һθֵĻ棬һǣϤǣ
ϥڴǵһڣǰϥžŸ꣬һ˫ۣ֮С
Ŀ¶֮âǰˣſڣȻǰһ̣һ֮£ȫɡ
һɫ¶ʹ࣬漴˫ۣ˳˯֮УƣҲ֪˶ã˫ۣĿ¶
ҵھʮߴξѡһγ˯ѵѡ
ֿһĻĻɫƽȴˣôҲû뵽ӵɣȻΪһδεľѣ
Ӧþ߲֮һֻſԽһδξѣӣ¶â
ٻһδεĻУֿ˲ͬʱӣֱĳһУϥһİϣһЩѡʿ˫Ŀһѡ
һΣʹȥǿǰеɲǣͻȻŲһ٣ͷ·Ŀڣһɫİǡ
һǽ¶΢Ц
ǣȻܿ˸ߣԪӤΪǻҲҪ̫̰ˣǼ׷Ѱûиǧϣ޷ҵԴʱ͸࣬㣬ɿǺˣУ̧ǰȻһȥ
ϷӣձԵ߳򣬿Ѱңӣ꣡
ЦݸŨһ˦Զȥ
ӲΪպɵķһ塣Ϊ̫Ժܷϻ˵ȴָоӻв
ֿҵһɫǣԺ䣬֮ǰɢϢһ˲䣬һУ
ֱӵֻ֮ʱǿڣ˿̽гֵӷȫͬһʱ䣬̧֣˼ֱӵüģ
ٺ򶫲һֵӣ˫¶֮â̧ͬüġ
Ϸˣһγ˯һξѣʼһξѣһֻŵļƻ˫ָۣݺݵش͸üģͷڡ
һ˲䣬ȻĴطͬʱصȴǧӷһȫһƻûԼٶȣֱٺڣַȥ
ǿ죬ҿ죡Ϸʱ㻹ֻһССԪӤʿϷãһУҵģǧ꣬ǰдںһγһɾ춯صٺֵУ
ǧֱַȥĹУֱӵֻڣ˸εľѣ
أ֮˵ӣѾȫһǻһ˰㣬ϢֺǷֻصһİˣӣ
Ĵɽδ֮ʱ֮ΪϹŵڣһϣһӣЦǰһеꡣ
꣬Ψһĵӣ
ҵʮĴξѡ
ͬϹ磬һƬƯǿзĳУһսĵŮӣЦݣ߻ԵӣΪףȻĴɽеĳˡ
һδεɣߴһˣֻеһУȫչ¶ֵǰЩĿģ
ӵʲôݣȻѣѵʲô
ǿգٺڴڵ֮꣬һƼټٽַХзַڡ
ַɫƽϥƸͲںЩںϣУӵĻ꣬Խ׳ռȫ
˿̣Ļ꣬Ҳٶ̺ܿ죬ֱܣȴǻ
ֱӵֻУĴһδεľڣӵĵξѣһξѵʱ䣬ѾϹ磬̫֮ʱ
̫ʱǿգһƬдǣڵʿɣΪʱ򣬻ûɽ֣Щʿ޵ģǸصϢ
һƤߣڴϣΧľѣѾڱԻٻ塣
ܻٸŲŮŮ׷׹ૡ
ʱǱӦȴͻȻ˫ۣɲǵãܿͱһƬȡӣŮ뾪ϲ£¶΢ЦȻſڣ͵һ̣
һ֮£뱻ɣǾҲȫڣھҵĲ£һŴڳգ͵һУǺȻһ޷ķʽǴУ
ҵξѡҼǵõڶξʱ߲ĵǣǿУߵӰûǣ¶΢Ц
ֿһĻѾƽߵһ仰ٴκ
߲ĵǣԭ߲ǣô˭Ȼ߲ʵĻǣ
ۿ˶ԷʮεֻأȻ֣Է֮һδεֻزϵǣھʮεʱȴֻˣ
ֶ΢Цеߣͫ
ɢٴγ֮ʱӵĵڶξѣ
һγǰģһƬİƬ򲻵İûκĺۼվǿڣܣ˵ȴۼûУ
һƬ˵Ƕʱ򣬻ûеһʱ䣡
žǿУнһо˼ͷͷյݣ
ͷֶɲǣԶǿУͻȻһ΢Ϣٶ͵תһ۾ͿϢڣһõӰӰģ͸һ߲Ļ֮
ֵĿУϢһ֣ǿͻȻһ޴ѷϢ˺һھͽɡ
֮ѷ££ڻûһ꣬ȫɢĹ⣬ãܿ¶
߲ĵǡζҰܶ࣬ȻҲûܽҲٿءϧ̫󣬲ȥ̡ԭʼһںϣҲһԽǣԼɳͬģںܶܶҿԴӴ߲ܳ𣬵ǸʱҾ߲ˡҪģҵĳɳɫʼûа仯̧֣קקԼǣʹԼ·Ц
ҪѧΪʿҪˣ߲ǣҲϲҵݡҪƿֻء
ֿ꣬ɫ¶𺳣֪ˣԷ˭
ǡ


1723 
һƬհףֻзֵ飬ԼҲȥţǱѰȻȻӣ
ǳƤͼ¶΢Ц꣬Ĵˣƽ˿̾ͬŭеĹۣķ籩ڲϵغ
Ŀ£걣ϵЦݣתԶžǿգȥֱӰʧĿУֱǿģȫɫȻ𺳡
ֱֻ֮⣬ٺڣַϥǿգɫһƬ԰ףɫ֡
ܣӷ֮˿Ʈֱһһַڣϵռַ塣
һƻںУǴɭַԺл
ʲôϷȿ죬ϷھͿռ壬ı𣬿ҵϷıô
ٺӡһǧ֮꣬˿Ȼȫ壬Զ졢ƺĻ꣬ҲХԽԽ
ͬһʱ䣬ֱֻУĿǵڶξѵĻɲǣֱ𿴵ӣһξѵһĻ
ǿմģʧ֮ǰģһ޴ţǿߣվǰͬϵĴ
ڵֵŲͬǰ޴ţûκϵϢɢǿΪһ塣
źʲôֲ֪ȴǿ˿̣Ǿ޴ڣ֮ţƱһǿĲ˼ڲȻһ
Уֿһѷŵмֱѿ֮ںڣѷʱţ޾Ҫŷֳ롣
ǺΪңƬ̣ڲУһ£׵ѿݣ͵ƿ
̫󣬴˿̼ѿҲûһƬƬ飬ǻݺܺɨǳ֮Ĵ£ֱǿչ̫죬ɲǾʧӰ
һŰ壬֮ƶ£ǿգһƬպ󱻳֮ΪڣһƬտУһŰ屬ϸСƬǿգǽ˺ѣȥ
ŰƬںϣһƬ˲ȵļ󣬱˺һռѷ죬ЩŰƬʹŲ䡣
ںܶ󣬱һȺʥʿķ٣ѰһǣŲƶڸĲȣڸռѷ죬ǽһ
ģȺʿ飬ȥˣռѷţʱҲ¶һЩʾ֣֮ú󣬱֮Ϊս
Ǿ޴űѵɲǣڣǳ֮ľУֿһŰ䶯дǱײ
ڲϡһӰԷӣȴԷڴ𾪵ĺ
ȻõһģǺ󣬻һ˻ڣ
£ޱ޼ʵ̾ҵ䶯Ȼдڲ˺ʹ£Ȼѿ
ֳţһһСǴһڣȻ˻ӰԶɲʧǿգ֪ȥ
һСŵ෴ķһš
ڲϵؼУСϵ䶯СʹֿڲһУǴһԲƬ
ԲƬ̫ĴڣȻСĺһ
Х䣬СԽԽС󳹵ʧȫǰԲƬϣһɫ磬뵽ǿеһϡ
ûκֻһƬͰͺɽƬǶһһͺɽϣɽһֱӻǰԲƬ͸ɽ壬ǵڲͣ
ĿһУĶڲİԲƬ֮ϻһЩϵķӡǣ̣ͬ
˵ĳ̵һ룡
ţҲ֪ȥ˶ãҲɻûеĺۼֻڲǰ̣ȴǽ˵
һ˿˿ɢһջһģӰӰŤֵģһꡣ
˫Ŀ˫Ưǰϣ֮˫ۣ¶ã
ǡҼǵñٻǸ˺ԱʶֹҵɡȻұѿ˭ãŨ˫ڳ˼
֮ͻȻ˫Ŀ¶֮â
ұǣ˵ʶԱȻǱһЩһЩʶҲ˼ૣһС
ֿҲͬ׵ĺܶ࣬ΪǳΪ˷ӣΪ߲ʵ˵ĻþڣǸɫа죬ԴǼΪţϲռеʿ£ֵһУʶķӣȫͬһ
£ˡ
Ǳ½Ϸ֮ˣһ磬ӵмߵݣһУԸ죬ҴԴ˽⣬һֻҪǿеĶǷˣԥߣ
ߣҲ뾡пԷţֻΪ̰Ҳ̰ԸŻᱻ߲ĶͼҪ֮
գɺԱʶԸм̰ƣա
ԣķӣŻ뵱ȫͬĻԸܸѪᴫͨǻһʱһֶδﵽĿģ֮£Ҹϲڵķӣǵǣ
ĿһƯڰϵꡣ
ͷһµ̣Ŀ˼
ҵı𣬾̡Ϣ˿ԸܵȫġǰһƯʧǵڲ֪ȥ
ûȥǶǰ̣εؼסһǵϢȻ˫ۣ˫ĿպϵɲǣһУϢ
ӵľʮֻأˣȫ
ֵıĿʹֻɢ˫ٴ˲䣬εӣٺ򣬸ܵ˷ֻһ˿Ҫȫռݣ
ҵıλǰͬȥǰҿƷΪȡʱ䣡ֱȻվһȭ͵תǿһȥ
ӣϷҪˣ


1724 ˱
Ӱǿռۣ֮죬֮ҪѸͣΪǰУҲһ㣬˺ǿǰУ
ֵ֣˫ǰɲǣǰ͵һ˺һ˺Уǿպ䣬һ޴ѷǰ
˲Ϣѷڣ֮ʱȻ뿪ٺӣ
ķֵٶȣﵽ۷壡
أҲֻһ˸ķ·ռѷ˺ڴķ籩Щʿ˵ǵ޷ĳ
ǹħռѷķ籩УҲѼ֣ǿĹ񣬻ͦΣȴ޷á
һģΨǱ֮ҪǿĵֻӵеѪ֣ſԴݵ̤ѷڣںκη籩ַ˼ķϵǰУ
ǻķ籩ϣһײ֮£ûаƣǷ籩ȴ簧ʱ
ڣǿƾճһ޴ѷ죬ǿһѷ߳߳ɲǣֱ˫ۣʶܺɨһ顣
ţ˫ĿȻֱԶ
һУٺֻѣһֱڣֻϢʱѡ
ּУٺڣַĴ֮꣬Ȼȫ٣һƻַڵɲǣϥַͻȻ˫ۡ
˫¶ʹ࣬ڵӻ꣬ռȫͬķʽֻһĴڣκ˶޷ŵġ
ַԱߣεƽվַǺͬĿ⾼εƽͬɫ¶š
֣ϷôַеŨ沿ǹɭĻ˵͸һɲϸζΪ졣
仰ﴫɲǣַŤɢһƬĹȡתͷĿεˣ¶
ΪȻҪϷȥϷĿãҵھʮŴξѣַĿڣͫײƽɢĹ⣬ϥٴα˫Ŀ
һоֱԸܣ䱻ռݵķ˫Ŀպϵ˲䣬֣ǰһǣ
˵һǣһȫѾûκļǵĴأҲΪһƬɳĮǴǼȫλá
͸ɿݣӵɳĮڸǣҲУֻȴһƬɫĺǵʬ帯úۻ⺣
һۿȥƯһƬ谵ڴ˴ĶΣ˺һ̾ͻȫʿڶҲҪüͷ
ǰûУһͲκʿˣһЩޣҲѡΪεĶأʿǿң֮ԻʿüͷΪζ˸ʬĶ
ǾܴªжĿУһУ˵ֻпǺܶ಻ͬϢȴǾ
ϢǴǵĻ꣬Ļ꣬ǳ׶ΣµĻ꣬Ѿ֮Уȴϴ
ڿǵɲǣǰХȥת۾ͳ˴Ǵ㣬̤˴һƬɳĮĴϡ
̤ɲǣڵ̾ͱɨܷľת֮£Ʊƿɴ¶ϵһС
ֽǣûаͣ٣һΣֱӾͳǺɫĺϿգûκβͬ
ǶζΪŨȴû˿⣬·ɫĺֱӳȥ
һǺɫĺٽɲǣ̾޴Увϵڲ죬˲Ϣ뺣ӣܾ¶˺һƬĺɫࡣ
಻֪˶꣬ʼû¶£˿¶Уͬܲϵɢ£¶Ǳ뺣ڸµĴأ
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¶⣬ǰһΣǶζֱӾʹ͸˺״أֱ·
֮£޾֮һǰֵܶܶڵĵϣǺɫĳЩǴһδεıǨдµЩЩɫĳ£Ụ̋
һܶ𣬴Ųƶĳһӣ¶ڳ£ϵһǡ
ͬʱһֻǿƣһץס̵Ľǣһ̧֮£ͽ̴ӳȫȡ
ֵĿ̣¶â
ǣ˭أ
ٺڣַĿ֮ռٸı䣬ɲǾȫֵӣǳΪ˰׷ԲԵӣ
ռݣͬɣֻ֮ǰֱɲͬһΣ˵Ҫѡ˴ڲɣһȷһʧ
˿ܱ̾˫ĿڵһںϣںϵḶ́˯Ḷ́һȫں꣬ôͻѣ
ھʮŴξѣ֮Ϳҵ䵱һ֮ںϺֻأ
ǸʱΪһڲͬΪԼǣг˵ǣ
ͨԲιԼɳŵ˵һֻأôⶴ絮һٿˣһûʶٿҲްʶǣô齫Ϊ£
ֻҪ룬һܵʱⶴʣµһǷǴ˵ص֮飬һǣһ½֮ˣ
ӵںϣ̶̵ʱͽ˴룬˲Ϣȫգһ̣˫ۣ
˫۵˲䣬Цݸ֣Ц
ʮŴξѣϷھһΣϷվӣһͷ׷ƮһɹϵϢɢϣһƬ
ֻ̬
֣ռݣ㱾ûΣϷûˣɫεˣһ֮¾Ҫȥ
ƶɲǣǰһεӰֹ֣ǰС
ҴӦ뿪
ͬٽ
Ŀһһ˦͵ſڣǰֱһ̣һ֮£ǿ𶯣ǬתǿƳ޾˵Ŀȫڸ
֣һõĴڻûҪɵ˲䣬һһɼǿϢȻһ
ͬʱǿվͷһ͸ɱĻңң
ӣĳȡ㱾


1725 ¹ʸ񣡣
ֱӱõĴڣҲǸһ־ʧ
ɫ԰ף¶޷֮ɫ͵̧ͷԶ¶𾪣εԶǿգһµ֣׷趯У
ֵϣỤ̋
̿ΪƽûκϢУȴе𾪻һĿ־壡
⡭ⲻܣ㲻ҵҵı㡭ҵϷΣѾ˾ʮŴΣҾӶٽ̧֣һָǿա
һ壬񷣬ҹһͺƯֱǿնȥȻ䣬ǿһһž޴ĿڣȻû
ģ֮·͵һ̣
̶˲䣬޴Ŀȴǹһֱӱɢǿ֮С
һĻɫٱ䣡
ΪһεѣھʮŴεľôһ䡣
ӳĬ¶ɱֱĶ֡˼ǰ͵һΣֱֶȥ
ϷںǧûȫѣҲϢһܱǰϣ㲻߲ʻǣõҵıҲ˲ɱ㣡
ӻӰɲٽ֣ʱǰһεһ߳һ˦ֱӾϡ
ɫεֵɲǣͺһ
ҲܱҲңӸͲںεĳ֣ǰ͵һӣ̾εһ
صεɫһ䣬ӵŵŵźɫûа˲Ըٶȳ֣ת۾ֲʮɣ
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ӵĿڣ汾ԴɢĿڣԴüУɱ¾٣ȫ߽⣬˫ͫѪ˿дڵĽƱԴҲû˵ĸ֮ɢȥ
̶̵һɲǣռݵַϣκαԴߵԴɢʧǿС
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ⷲ˵ܳǧռںϣ˿ԪȫʧӵӲ֮صг˱ļ޷ܣ
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û㵽ѰҳԼıҲû㵽ֵ߷ԷԲٿأǲܵ飬һУѾȫռݣѾΪ˶Ĵڣֱڣ벻ףһеʲôԭ
Ϊʲôֻܲٿ壬ΪʲôõΪʲôɢ
ã־У˵ĵ仰
ûš
仰ڣȫȻҵĲĲǱԼǧںһ֮꣬Ŵ˻Ȼɢ
ǧںϣģ޷ģ˿ֻɢ̱ƣӺȻѪɢУµǧŰپʮŻֱ꣬Ӿͱ
ⲻܣܣΪʲôȻܿ塭ⲻĹⲻϴ˽ķһжҶµģռݵ壬ͳͳҵģ
֪ļ䣬ʩչҲ޷һ㣬һǧδΣҲ㵽ʲôֶΣ㡭㵽˭ǧŰپʮŻ꣬ɢһģڴбʮξɵһ
Ǵ˿ȫͬһ仰
㵽˭㲻߲ʵǣֻܱĶˣ㲻һ㣬Ҳģ
ֻһ֣ңˡֿǧŰپʮŸԼÿһɫ͸ãҲ𰸵ʹ޷ţڡ
˵仰ɲǣ̧𣬵üģüĵĹǵɢȡ֮һƬתУڣɢһɲϢϢУ̧˲䣬һĹüڷɳƯǿ֮ϣȻתۼ䣬ͻһ޴ޣ
ڤޣ
޳ֺɫͣ٣µĳ̶ҲûôĿܣǧŰپʮŻĿţ֪У΢ſ˿ڣһЩˮ£ɫԥ˼Щ꣬ܺóԵӡ
ˣڤޡڤޡѵҵһл꣬һ֮뿴ڤޣɫ¶𺳡
Ȼ֪ڤޣֻǵ屻ǵʶԱѣӵʧȥһϵôҲӦĻҲԾʮŴεľѣķֻأѰһ塣
Ϸˣӡƽڣ̧ŵǰһ˦ֱڤſĴڶȥɲǾͽС
лһһ˲䷢˾УһеĺȻɢ˳ǧŰپʮŸֱܼӶݡ
ε׷ȴֹֿڤޣ޸°͸°죬¶ã֮ãȻɢһƬ֮ɫ
˰ɣӴ֮ˡɫ¶ƣϥڤ޵ıϡ
ڤȻſڣǰһΣֱǿնȥ俪ڵɲǣ֮ǰɢӶݵǧŰپʮŻ꣬ȫת֣һ˻Уһһڤ޵Ĵڣ
ǰءǰҪʿǻɽˣҽԼɽټתˮʦ֣òҪһȥҪİ
һȭɫƣڤϣԶȥˡ
ڤ޵˫ۣһƬ飬ͬʱֵĿ⣬Ϊ¡
ڤڣ֣ⶴڣηκһˣֱһ̣ӵˣ¹ʸ
¹ǵ꣡


1726 Դ
ƣڤ޵ıϣڤȫչἫ󣬵˿ȴС˲٣ֻԼǧɵӣˣǿǰʱȻһпߣһѹ
ѹڤ޵壬˫Ŀ飬飬ǵĮĮֻأ£
ڤ޵Ŀڣʲôⶴ飬һУǴܱʿҲãҲգɻң
ͬģѹϥڤϵ֣־ֻƽɢƣȴͬ
еѪѪĸ߹ӵѪȣ֣ܻǶ֮ˣ½ϣҲʸȥӲ
ڤ޵ƶϢ˵ûжǿգ·ǿУȥκεطһ֮䣬ΪǿգһУ
ƽĸڤޣԺӵһĻĻϵĸ֡
û뵽ոĴޣȻһ֡Ҳһ֡ѹŷˡŷˣʵϾԼˡֵͷڤޣ¶ĸп
߲õǴ̫ڷɳƬƬǴ֮ã淢棬Ҳֵġ
ԣŻ̡
˶Ѱң߲ʵˣսϹ֮ѰҵĿģҪں⣬Ҳ⡭߲õĴƬ
ԵɺϣҳΪ֮Ӵ֮Ҿˣ½޷ȷⶴڣ˭Ҳ޷
Ӧǣҿ˭ңΪº󣬱һɵģҵĵˣ
ֵӿֳһǿţԶǿգĿ¶⣡
ûɢʶڤǿƮΣ˫Ŀպϣ˫ϥϣϢ֮͵˫ۣҧһѪ
Ѫ죬ڱƯǰڤ޵ǰбͬѪ䶯ɢĿ֮âһ㴫
ɢôҾ۳һ߷߷ѪΪŴ̧ѪҺһָ
һָ֮£ѪҺ䶯죬ɲǼͲϵһӰֻѪɫһѪһ㡣
ѪҺ̺˵֮ҪɣͱҪڵ֮²ѣĿһü˫ǵȻת֮·ѪϵɲǣѪŤ˿һ״ϢƮϵ֮ڡ
̺ܿ죬Լһʱ䣬Ѫеһе֮ȫȡ´ڵѪûκεϢ
ŵϢķ룬Ѫ˺â˸Ť֮£ѪɫǰģȻһһһķ
֮ӣܿ꣬ʵȴûлֻ꣬塣
üһ㣬ֳһ֣ɢϣģֵĻֳһ˿ںϺָӦˮ齻ڣֱ˴ˡ
ЩɫƣŨ˫ۣͬ˯
䱾˫ĿպϵɲǣַȻ˫Ŀ¶֮âͷһԼ۵壬ɫƽ̧һָǿա
ɢǿڣҸĻ汾Դ
һ仰ڵ˲䣬ڤΪģǿڣ̾һƬƬȻ֣ЩԽԽ࣬һƬԶԶһǿȼգڻ𺣺Х
ǻ𺣳ɻΣܣӰ˷޾ǿۣһĻͬ˾ϡ
ܿ죬ǿгֵлȫٽֵɲǣ·ֵĿһɻĺڶЩ𺣺֮ȫӿĿڡ
˲Ϣ䣬ǿջɢֵĿڣһ汾Դӡǣһһ
ǿеԴΪ֮һδεٻǹ壡ڣǰ͵һӡ
һ֮£ǿ𶯣㲨ƴǻɢĵطܣϵ£ңԶĵطƺǺԽԽǴӰ˷٣Ƭ̺Ǻ¡¡֮ȡǿһеϢ
ϣ£һǿͬһ֣һһƬޱ޼ʣֱ֡
ɲǼ䣬еĿһֱӺ룬ÿһںϣȫε⣬ڻΪ»صƿȸԾ
ܿ죬ǿе磬ȫɢĿǰĿڣǲӡǣȻû
ԴĿ棬Ŀ
ǧεڸ֮Դһ⾳Ҹ˿̾ɢͬ۹֮Դһģ
ૣ˫쿪
ΪΪţĲ䡣
ֵɢһ˿˿֣ɢ͵İâֵҲǧԴһ֡
ͬʱֵϣƣһƬڵĹţǺڣ˸֣ԴӵȪȡꡣ
ڰϢɲǣϢ˳ֱߣüϣ˴ںϣתͬһ㣡
Դ
ڵϢȻ
ڶģٱԴټ٣ֳĬƬ̣뵽ӵ飬Ϊп
仰ﴫ֮ʱ̾ã·Ĳʵˡ
˫ۣͬǿգ˿ȥͻãڣֲͫ׵
ұĿһ٣ۣһ档У˫ۣһУȫɢʲô磬ʲô꣬ڤҲˣǿյУڴ˿̵ָܣȫõġ
˫Ŀ֮ʱٱԴ۶
ʿԴͬʱµڤҲڲϵǰƮٺ뿪ƺ
˿̣ƺڣȴôһȺˣǿڼۡ
ȺˣĸΪף鿴Լ٣ǿշУɢĲƺƵХߡ
ǴǵϣɢǿϢΪǿ˲֪ԺͨǵʶȻһ
˿ǰУǵͷϣȻһ޴ĺ«ûǺ«ͨɫ͸ϵºۼ
«ڣһƣָһ㡣
ĸ߼ûɳһξ룬ͣӣǺ«һݣڣ«ͨ
ĸߣȻԶĴս
Ⱥ˵ĺ󷽣һ۵սϹɫݣңңĸ棬ںǰȺˣͬģȺҲںĴڡ


1727 
ڤޣں֮Ϣڣǲ֪˺Ѳõ
ⶴ⣬һжߣⶴ磬ȴǾԣ
ǶûǰܳĴڣӶ̣ɴ˿ɼһߣڤ޾Ҳƺ򣬵սϹҲûа
Ĵսˣͬ˿֪
ǵʶɢԸƺ򣬵ȴڤޣϥ֣Ҳûв
һ㣬ҲǵٺӴ꣬ȴûκ˲ԭڡ
ڤ޵ıֱĿԴǱԴ۵ĺۼǿջصһ㣬޷ȥͬƺĴս˲
ֻƾʶҲʼûҳߣʶУڤ޲ڣֻһƬƽǿնѡ
սϹڸԶʱҲüͷһ壬̧ͷԶգûκη֡
£Щ졭սϹĿһ¶
һֲ֪˯ٻָ۱ԴϾ飬˿ٱԴַֺ̧𣬻쿪ơ
֮ԴƿΪΪԴ쿪ȭͬʱǿζסڣֵС
˺ɱ¾ԴҲķɢ۳ԼںϣߴԴۣڻת
תУԪӱԴڻûʹֵһУ»صδǰ
Ψһ𣬾ûӷ֮ꡣ
ķȫָ˲䣬ֱ˫ĿĿַһΣ뱾ص֮£ȫںϳΪһ塣
˫Ŀ¶⣬ζһ壬оûκβʺ̧ͷԶǳ
Ȼ¹ʸôҪȥһǣǣ̫أⶴڣһڰ
ȻǱ֮ͷ֮ǰ뷨ơϲڰôҽǱƳ֪ⶴ磬κһߣ
һصƳⶴĵᣬʽչ
ֿȥһӣⶤӱҪγĻպпܳһϵеıЩ˵һ
ʵҲȷӵıֻ𣬽ڶӣȺ½һڵˡ
ȺߣǵڶӣǴӰ¶£
ͬһϷ¹ϷôΪģ˭ܵһҵ꣡
ֳУµڤ޻ǰУܿƺֵһ䣬ڤޱ˿µ˫̸ۣı䷽Ҫȥ顣
ʱͻȻһתԶĿһ
Զǿգڲʱһٶ磬Хпǰеķڡ
ǰˣͷƯǾ޴ĺ«ƻ籩һ㡣
ɫ糣ϥڤޱϣĿЩٽûκᡣ
֣ٵһٶɲͣǿգΪĸУ𾪵
˵֮ˣս
֣µڤޣսȻһ
ʲôޣʶڤޣ֪Ͼ߲꣬⣬˼˼УֻһӴ
ȸ䡢׻˴˿ҲһĿ׷µڤϡ
֮𾪣Ϊǵʶʼմɢ״̬ûǰκβۿǸͲֻ
Ǵ˿ʶ鿴ȻһƬƽǿգµޣõĲһ
飬βľ
໥ۣ˴˵벻⡣
Ϊ𾪵ģǺһֱսϹͫϣûвκΣգȴĸܵһɺëΣ
㻽ĳ£ɫƽĿǰһٶɨЩУ߲ΪǣֻĴսſ֮ۡ
ĿɨһĴսϿƯľ޴«Ǻ«ɢǲ
һû֪Ҫȥδսѹ𶯣Ŀһڡ
飡ûзϻ˵ֺڤǰһΣϢƯȥ
ûȺˣĴսҲãصսϹҲãͣ½ŲֻǣҪ뿪ȴǲô롣
Ĵս˴Ŀͬʱڤޣ¶֮â
Ѻαżȥ˫֮ǰԼһҵȽ٣ҲûȥѰɽ鷳ûɱκһⶴ֮ˣѴҴҾߣĪʲô²ɣսһΣֵǰڡ
üͷһ壬ĶŶԷ֮ƽ˵֡
õ
ĪҪŭҵҲû⣬ֻ޺죬Ȼܱܿһʶ޲֪ѴӺδǰ׻ս΢΢һЦǰһȥվҲࡣ
ͬʱսͬࡣȸսԥһ£ѡֵĺ֮·
ţһٶԶˣ׷ײɫٽڤ޻ڡ
ѣǺ飬ҵȫˣĪҪ˺Ļɽ磬˵бʡս΢Цڣơ
ֿܳɰΧ̬Щˣƽ
ѣ㹭ҵҲԸΪУֻңӺδͿɡսڤޣĿ̰
žսѣҲԴ޵ĳܸȤɡսĻ࣬˿̺ЦлͷһԶǿУ˺󷽣ƯĵսϹ
սϹ¶΢ЦͣĻȻ࣬һ۾ͿĴս֣֮ΪԼʼոں
ֽԼƣѹ˵ֶΣսϹ֮ʱͼΪóټϴ˿ȷڤ޺ܸȤһ˵ͷ
սĳȷԴ޺ܸȤܸҿԴӦһ
ѣΪһͷޣ˷Ѽ㹭δⲻֵң㻹ʣ¼أڿɷǣޣӺδɷ񽫴޽ϷѴ޽ңϷõȥ
㲻裬ҶѣϷȻ֮ǰ飬ѷˣⶴʣʿɲˡս¶΢Цڡ
ǲȥҵ꣬ĳùͷ֮ǰʹǲˣ죬ʹһΣʹ֮Уɫƽվ̧һץһѾ޴Ŀ츫Ȼ֣


1728 븮
仰ﴫɲǣĴսɫһ䣬Ǻ󷽵սϹҲɫһ֣
ֵһε룬˵˵꣡
飬Ĵս֮ǰδǿ֮£ⶴ磬֪߼亱У
ûüֻлֵָȻ̧ǿ츫ͣ̾ͻʮɴСֵӸǵϢȻһЩ
Ŀ츫ֵĵѪ֮ں£ؼûеڶˣܱʺӵѸͷ˿סֲ˼ûаԥֱӾ·ݺݵһնȥ
һжɲǣ⸫ͷµ˲䣬ǿպ䣬ֵ󣬵ӰûӰͬŸͷֵĶն£
սһ֮䣬ѪϢɢûһֱǸͷȥ
ͬʱ䡢ȸǰ׻սͬʱͺӰܻûǾ޴İ׻һȸ˵䣬ֱȥ
ɫƽҪЩԶʹҪסѵ˿̸ûκ㣬֮ȫͨŲ壡
ϵؼٻָ£ֵĸͷ£ֱӾǰնһ޴ѷ죬丫ȻУսӳ֣ǰһȥֱ֡
֣˲Ϣͨͬʱ֡
סͷնֱ̧ӺɨһȦ֮춯أǾ޴ĸâĴսͨײǺγ˾ҵĳаһٶ˵ˡ
ͬʱĴսͨ͸˸âȫϣ
һǿƱĴսɢɫ¶ɱ
վڤϣԵŲ壬Ӳ˵ĺϻ
ǵΪûȫָֻǿڶѡΪ˲ҵ塣ǰһȥټ죬ɲǾٽеһߣֱǰ͵һ˺
˺֮Ȼֵұۣį֣֮һ˺֮£˸ֿʸûУֱӾͲҽȫѪɢ
ˣҲûӳ˺ķΧԪֱӱ˺
һΣĴսٽɲǣ˺ѷУ֮ʱȻ˲ԶһȺ
˺죡ڳֵɲǣ̧͵һ˺ĲҽУ߰˸ȫ
ĴսһŭͨǿգԼٶȺֵ֣ĵŲ£ȴٴӲ֮һȥһǰ
Щ˺ȻĿ£һȫʹ޷ֿ㣬ȻѪ
֣Ҫɽ磡սŭ¶ŭȴ޷ֵֶǾ˵ǿ
ѪĽѵǲأתһصڤ޵ıϣԶսϹҪٵɲǣ˦ȥϵѪһڤޡ
Щˣ˰ɡ
仰ֿ˵˲䣬սϹŲȻһ٣ͬʱڤ޵˫ֱۣ
˫ڵĮô˵ˣȫһ
һɲǣսڿڤĿ˲䣬кһĿ⣬Ϊһ֮ǰֻһΣںܾúܾ֮ǰۿĿڵһǣ
ǡ⡭սս׷׺Ȼͬʱڤֵſ˴ڣǿȻһ̣
ǿΪأɫ䣬ǳΪƣƵǿգһƾճ޾ЩܣһɹϲɣϢı˵˸ܡ
ʱ򣬾޴ХĴսߣܣʣ߰ʮˣһɫ԰ףӲܿƵļٱȥһ̺˿־УˣȫɽڤǾ޴ĿС
һУɲǷ˲޷ӦֻǸоǰһͻȻռݣűǲҽл
һжǿɻƬǿգҲȫһ㲻ʣܵˣȴǳ⣬ֻʣˣ
εʹܼסôվڤޱϣɫʼûκα仯ڣ󣬿ȴڴ˶еɲǣսϹڵˣһ
սӲ¶Ŀ־壬糱ˮȫûδľֹĿֵ㹭ҲȲڣ
Ȼ⡭⡭Ļս˿ɫͣеĿ־˿٣ŨĸܵǹɣǹԽԼû
У˿̸ֵĲǿ־뺧Ȼ壬УȻΪһеĿֲڣ
ǰ׻սȸսͬʩչ˶
֮ǰеģȻ
ѹֲϢѹ֡
ԶսϹ˫ͫ£¶ص𾪣ڴڵ߲֮꣬˿̺Х˲ͲٿսϹ壬ɫŤܿһ߲Ϣ֣ɫ˼ɵ
ǲⶴ磬ȴһȻⶴȫ
ƿ͵ƿһС
ˣҲмޣĻҲǵԱ·ѣսϹҲֶȥֿ˿ȴһ⡣
ҵ˵ꡭսϹɬڣŲȴ߲֮ꡣ
ûҵҡͷµڤɨһۣ˫ĿԶƯζȥ
Ĵսߣһ˺ÿ·κǿڤ޵ӰʧԶǿգö޷ƽ
ǻֶβηǸսϹϾսϹڣҲ߲֮꣬¶ֵȴǳ˳ĬǳĬ
ڤϣƮȥɫƽȴ̾Ϣ
ĪôĴս˵սϹڤ޷Ŵɵ
ͬڣǿ߲֮â˸߲ʵžŸȭͷСѪǰȥ
ѪڼȫѪɻֻصҳֻеĵꡭӦ顣
ͬʱ½ڵڣһƬɽĵطɽ࣬ܣŨ֮ء
Ǻҹǹ貣Ƭϣܲǰʱɽڣ޵˻
ںܾúܾ֮ǰƬɽڣһɼɣ֣ߵڡ
ո߹ҵУɼһƬƣưŤأһɪӰس֣һ꣬ڷ
ɫ¶ƣ·أƣ¶΢ЦŨŨڴ·㸶ٴĴۣҲֵˡ
ҵһĺӣؼҡȥ·֪㲻η塣΢ЦУɽ


1729 
򣬴£ʱ䣬Ѿ޿ɿ죬ֻⶴ߲֪һЩ
ƾõʱУȸǵ֮ǧУ龭սһ콻սһսڶ࣬һƬҡ
ڶȣȴԲˣڶεĴսǽ֮սһսУΪһƬķ棬ʿҲãҲգһ鶼ⳡսУ˻
ԭȻǣΪǿյĳսǰ貵ǳҲһƬžȥǿиǻһƬǳ̵档
ǡǣǷǳʣ࣬ôһЩصķʽδսڣʼձųȻûв룬Ҳûб˻
ããǺڣôһǣǿڻתһۿȥɫģľïܣһƬƬͬǴ¡
һųǣ֮ŨǵҲ磬ΧûиǻƣеֻͬɫĹ⻷
⻷̺죬ͬһʢĻ䣬ɢԵλãʹôԶԶһΪ
ϴķˣʮ֮࣬ǿֵûܵսҵİӰ죬һ㣬飬ڽڣǲġ
ΪŨԭķˣ󶼽Һǿͬģ深ܣʹķˣӵ֮ҲԶһЩ
ǣǣ
ϣֻһɣɺܼ򵥣Ϊһڣνһű˵йһɡ
һĵطĴڣǿڣȴѰҵõһ㼫Ϊ죬ǲ֪ǵľ귽λҲ޷ҵɢʶҲ˿ڤһһƬޡ
ҲΪһ죬ʹôսУûܵ㲨ۣҲû⣬ڽڽһսУҲһٽʿдҲûгȥ
⣬ǣأĪ⡣
ӵǵ꣬ɶ൱롣˿ǿڤޱϣһöϸıǵķ
ɶ룬һǧǰһǧ꣬Ըıܶ顭ʶջأ̾һڤ޴ʶǰһΣԶƮȥ
ǰǵ·ϣҲ£ɶˣʶԴһ˺׷ɱֱչ֣Żȥվ
ɶʼૣڤƮУĳһƬֺİ
˵ƬΧʶ޷ΪٸߣҲͬûа취ʶ鿴·һ㡣
ֵǰʢǡ
ڿǵһ˲䣬вɵ¶֮ɫǵĹ⻷ּ˺ܶܶǣΨһţ
ǣڶ硭ֱ˫Ŀˣǿڤڤиܵڤ޵˼
ǣ֮޷ʶܣ֮ڵ򣬷룬Ϊǣڶ硣
ȺʿڽҲ˽ͨ½ϴһǡֱĿ֮ʱںϣģ˫ĿʱֵУ
ڤ޵ıվǿһȥڤƯԭأǰ貵ǡ
ٽɲǣ⻷˸ҫ۹âȻһΣ⻷תХֹ֮ڡ
ֽŲһ٣ǽ⻷ڵǣĬƬ̺ڡ
ɶ࣬ĳˣ֮Լ
ƽ˷ǽ⻷ڣУǵͬһ𶯴أÿһУͬһ㡣
һɲǣȫֹͣһлҲãʿҲգֵһУǴڵޣҲȫһ
ǵĶߣֵ
ƽվڹ⻷⣬ȴظ
ãһɳƵڴ͸һ𾪺Ȼļɵ
ɶ೤һǧǰͱأ£ҵ޷份ѣѰ£
ǺˡֳĬƬ̣΢ҡͷڡ
Ϸһڸ꣬λϱչʱһ顣ĳ֪ɶ೤޷أȥɳƵԽӽֿⷬں죬֯˵
Ŀ͸ǰй⻷ǣãɫ糣ƽڡ
֪ˡ˵ţ̧ŲǼתй⻷
ǰе˲䣬ɳƵż־壬̴
ݸ߹󣬵Ҳ˵ͽӲϷᷢйһ顭ɳƵû˵꣬ͻȻʹɢһɼΪԵʶʶɨХһӾͰɳƵѹһɼΪŵ
󷨣ܴԻ̤ڣôϻҴͽҴ͸Ϸ
ɫƽû˿ᣬʼձֲһȥǽ⻷ɲǣ֮Ȼ
ңͨһ˲Ϣ֣Щͨ⻷̺֮ʱ棬ʱˮʱʱ֮ľơ
̤󷨵һɲǣǶƵɽгɻΣ˹һڵɽţ
ǾɽֱԶԶһͬŰָ죬һɱɢܷԲ
ڣûκη飬һƬڡ
ɽм价֮һ޴ĸĸ߶ȳɽ壬оʮŲ֮࣬ǹһڣ
һڣǴӴڣһ㣬κһϵɣȫһ
˿һʮڷɳռܣЩÿһжһʿЩʿΪȣǴڵһУڶ߲ࡣ
˿̻֮£Щʿȫ̧ͷգɫ¶м
ȫʮڷɳжʮڣͬҲнʿɳЩʿߣ˫Ŀ˸ΪףǴﵽ˵ڶ˿ɫƽռܾɽ壬ͬա
ǵУɴ˲м
ǲţ׵ĴӹһڻǴ߳
϶ˣʮڣ˿ϥˣһۣһ룬鼫ΪԵһ
Σⶴڣ߲ʻ⣬ûҵȷ֮ˣд󣬾Ϸ̤ڣҲֻܼһʱ䣬ڻйֹΪ߹ϷҲȫأ
ҵϣȫأʱ󷨻ᱻȫܾתйһתڣ֪ܼܳתǺԱߣһŮӣŮɫ̱Ц


1730 رԴ
¡ǲҪ֪һɶ೤ϣУһߣ˴ŵۣһЩɫİߵ㣬˿ԥһ£ɳƵĿڡ
ǷŶֺǼɵꡣ
Ҳɶ೤ûָʾǰҪ֣պգȻݷöҵǡ󿪿ڵģһӣüͷ˵
ǹһںʱ¹κˣ־ΣҲҪӣŮӼ
ҪˣϷоϣɶ೤Ҳδز֪Щ飬Ȼûֹôǿ֣ʲôͷۣĿĺߴһ˦ڡ
˦֮䣬мһƬŤžͻһ澵ӣǾڣȻνе֣
ͬʱ϶˵ھŲڣ˿ϥŶˣ˾꣬һ˴ʴۣɫƽ˫Ŀ¶֮⣬̧ͷա
˵ӣڴˣһ۾ͻϳԷǵȸɶ࣡
һ£ɶûκεĺۼ統գɶ¶΢Ц
ֻһССԪӤʿһǧ꣬Ȼɳ˸߶ȡңҲĶˡ
ҲĶ֣кηأǱϾֻǵĺ˶ѣغ㹻ˡɶӣϵòΪӢɶĻЦ
енҲǳ֣漸еһԻһˡ˵Ϊ߳дô
лԣھת֮£Ӧ߲תҪ֪ǵλͬʱ£ܹȥô꣬ҲѰ֮˿ƿΪҴҲֻ֪ǿڶѣɶЦ
ˣǾ͵ǿһϷɡͬ΢Ц⣬ƿڡ
⣬⻷ڣɫ糣һǰȥǹ⻷֮ߣһȴ˿޷˵ְ㡣
ĵ֮ǿЩͨƿǰУ֮ϵػûʱ죬ʱɳɱŭ죬Хľͺ
ֵĽŲûκͣ٣ǣȻ˳ֵ׼Ｔ̶ѨҲҪһ
˳ڶӵжֲ֪ĻѰҵ꼫Ϊ
ĿģΪƿɴҪ֪Էصжǿ
ֲֻſɰģ
ûпΪԼ԰飬ȴţԷǿߣ˸
ûţҲһˣ̤
Уͨܲϵغֱ˵ʮĲ⻷ڲ
â貣һƬĿ֮Ȼı䣬ܵģȻȫ
֮ǰֵһУֻΧѣҪԵģеһ󣬴
ڽй⻷ڲڴɲǣǰģһ硣
磬ֻдأûգ·޾أ̧ͷȥǱӦյĵطҲһƬҵĴأ
һƬƬϷҵĴ£ͬˮһ㣬ǰз籩ХأǷ籩һǾŸŵ籩ܣХ𶯴˵أ޾
ͬʱǾľŵ籩ٶȼ죬ɲǾͺȻٽǧ⣬Ȼ˾Ÿ޴ɳɣֱֶ
ֽµĴأ𶯣㵹ͬһ䶯ϣڣһ㡣
ڶŰɫƽĿһС
飬ĳûǰһȥɲǾٽһǰ׵ͺɶɲǣȭǰֱһȥ
һɳֱӱɢɲǣ͵תһ֮ٽڶףٴһȭȥ
ϣ˾Ų˾ȭǾʱУǵϵĴأȴǼ䶯·ݺݵؼѹ
ͬʱ·̧һжɲǼ䷢תУƬ½һĴأһ𣬺һֵӰû
ǸڣǺĿȫǾ޴ľڣڿһĻͬʱߴЦ
ôƽģδЩ̫ԲˣǵҪƿҲҪЩۣ
ûǴĵڶ䣬߱䣬ҿ־ǶȹҲҪˡŮ񣬶žڵ֣¶ʹ֮ɫ
֣˾ͽʶʹǸ˽ܳͷɣ
ˣҲһºüͷ໥˿ЩԾƺ̫˳һЩ
ʱͻȻǾڵʱȻһ䣬ҵı仯̴ǺŮӵЦڶ˿һе˲䣬ɫ˱仯
ǾڣһĴأѾȫıպϣѹм䣬պû˿ķ϶˿̣ƬȴǷн࣬䣬䣬֮£Ǵݵһȭһȭ俪
һѷͻȻϳ֣ѷԽԽֱ࣬ӾȻķѣ鿪ɫûа仯ǱĴһ߳
ˣ޷ǺŮ𾪣ǺȻĿǾе̧֣Ҳ֪ʩչʲôͨȻĴرֱֶ֮£չС֮ϣ
һС
һС͸Ũԣд飡
˳ĬǺ߸ǵ¶ȻžڵסһСʧǾе̧֣ͷ͵Լʶľһ
ǾڵĿɨ˲䣬Ůˣ׷ͷƤ飬ˡ
ܷǣ⣡
Ȼ˴֮飡
ʮ㣬ɶĿʼնգüͷ
ֻƿ󣬵Ҳ޷Ȼ˴顭Ȼʢ֮ʿȷǿɶӣڡ
ްлĹأĹغת֮ҿȡɶ¶⣬̸ָϽ飬ҵʶһǧҲɢˡ
ʱ˿̣ڣûκһ˷ǿУһƬѪɫѪɫһţһڷꡣ
괩źɫĳһܺĿԶ¶΢Ц
Ҳգ⺢ӵıҲ˽⣬鿴һ


1731 ң
⻷У˿һƬģѿڣֻܿйâŤһ㲨ܻص
貹⻷ɫ糣û˿仯ϣ˿һС䶯ɳɳϵĸı״ûϳɸӡ
ͼһУСɳ̱޷ۣɢڡ
ɳֱָԴ˿̱ĴռڣȻɳ
һ֣ӣ
½֮ˣϺôֱʣȻд֮ڴˣڳ󷨣ٹ꣬˵ɳ֮£ԳΪ壡ĿһĿ⣬ȡ
󷨣˸ŨȤ
бԴУӵлԴܰҲȫӵУҵΪᱩһйһ֪ǷܵµıԴ¶΢Цܵй⻷ЦݸӲ
ڵˣǷǶҰִ֮佲壬ʵһУԷ֮ôһȻݣûУֵļУȺˣǿǿҪǸǿ
ߴ飬ǰһȥһȥɲǣչǰģȻһƬ硣
Ƭ𺣣֮䣬ĿǺɫģǺɫģ죬ǻɫ죬ȼգأҲȼգĿﱻŤһƬеĲƻǿֲĸɡ
£һûκļеģֻǻ
ڻȼգžžֶУȴûжκӰ죬෴лڣַһЩ
ڣǸ¶˲ڣŮˣ˿̺òѹµзŵĺȻأĿⶢмľ޴ڣӰ֡
л֮Ǵ࣬汾ȴԷһʿԪ־飬лڣȴԲôɣȻֵ֪ıԴӵл汾Դ˿ૣƶ˿ڣַһ
ʵҲܹϢ֮ˣڲײйֵΪ֮£ҲǴȺдĽʿ֪
֪Ҳȫ棬ֻºɳ֪̽һЩֱԴ飬ȴǲ֪
ûΪºͣͣڣҶ϶ˣŮ¶֮ɫ˾ͽϣǺһ˾ͽʶ֮ˡ
˲ˣ˿̳ĬǾӵĿ⣬ؼɵǣ˿̲ٿжϡ
лڣ̤ɲǣܵĻ̴ǻ𺣺һϸߣ˷ֱֶ
ɲǼٽܣȻʹǰĻڣû˾Ÿ룬Ÿ޸Լɣȫɻɣɢ˸£ǵĽ£ֱ
ͷɫֱ֣ӾŸ򼲳ۣԶԶһһĻΪˣǾͷ󣬸лģһˣ
пһĻʿ׷¶֮⣬ϣ˺֮޴ľ⣬Χϣ˿Ҳһ޴лڣȻлڵһĻĻ
һ̣˵ĿҲţ޴£һдӸɢʿ̧ͷȥ
ҿôֿһΣضˣǺսȭͷǰӣڡ
ʱȴͻȻɫ䣬ɫıɲǣԱŮӷһ˻
ⲻܣ
ţ⣬ĿһĻĹһʿ봫Ȼ
лڣɫƽĿܺХľͷ룬ǾͷٽǰʮɵɲǣͣĿ¶ɻͬʱܿʹͷһ˦Ȼڵأ֮
ǵӣȻ룬ͬСèһ㣬Уɫ¶ϲˣ
Ļ棬˿ҲǺХȸԾлǾصĻ𺣣̧һУʱ
£ڴڵл棬һɲǼ䣬ڳǾͷ⣬еĻ֮£ֵǰûһǧɴСĻˣ
ϴŻףŻ磬Ӵ͸ǿ׳֮УȫһȼյĻ棬ͷҲǻɣ
˳̵֮ϥأ˫ַؿڣûбϣ˿͸ȵĳ羴
⵽ôˡл顭лȻݣǸڵĺɫ̲԰һУһƬհס
ŮӣɫֱӲҰſ˫ȴûκԴǣǾֵĿ⣬Ȼ˻֮ȥŨŨĿ־塣
Ƕ˴ͣ˿ڸйһʿһȫڵĻ棬һƬŵĳĬ
˵֮ǰո飬ֻ𾪣ôۿлȻĤݣʼգлûп˵һ仰ûʩչκһֻͨվһԼĹڣһĿ⣬Ϳеȫ
ǵ󣬳ǵ⣬ǿҵĿ־벻
ɶӣڸʮڳĬɶƤɫΪ໥ۣ˴ڶԷĿУ˼ɵ
˻޷ߣȴǿԡ
Դɶ໺ڡ
Ǵﵽ״̬Ϊ֮Ļ֮ɱԴˣѾ۳εл飬ȻĤݣɫ¶̶ֳȵĳ羴
ס
˿ͲҿĴ㣬Ҫȫ飡ɶ¶⡣
ӦýĻʧ𣡡վӣ̧ͷ⡣
սףӵͺУ̴ʮڣʱɲǳ֣⣬˲Ϣ䣬һˮɫףɢˮ˲ƣӵϡ
һΪˮ￴ܲܽƳ󷨣ֱӽת֮ڡ̧һץ֮£ƾճһƬˮˣһѾ޴ĳǹݺݵС
ѹȥһӳųǹǰһΣֱӻһƬˮɢʮڡ


1732 ԭ֣
лڣǻ˹ĤУɫƽǰȥǾ˫ַڵ棬̤к󣬻̧ͷֽŲûаͣ٣߳˫֣̤ͷͷ֮С
̧һָǰ
Ǿ͵վӣָ֮̾ͷһ춯صǾͷ׷վӣȫһ֮£ɫͬʱͺ
ָ˿ȥȴͷƤ̷飬ҵ𶯣ΪǵĿУָоڣָпȥ֮ˣ
һǾͷҲŸʿǺ
ͻȻͺУʿвʶĺˣɫ԰ףкȻŨһЩΪģѪ־˺Զϥ
ǾŵĿ£ǿеľڣվǻ˵ͷھͷĸ£Ǿǰ͵һȥ˫쿪ǰȻһӡ
һУлȻ
˲䣬ڵĻͻȻһ䣬ĿеģȻһƬ޾Ĵ󺣣Ǻ֮󣬿ͷ˿ŭι˾ŭ
ڣһƬ谵ܲûȴбХ٣γһƬ꽻زĻ棡
Ǵϣ˿һУһɫףֳһɫǹһͷڷƮ裬ӼΪӢӣǺˮڻĽ£һĴƶ
ˮǹһڵˮˣ
ˮ˳չأ֣Ǵ߱ض޷ȹˮ󣡣
ˮ˱ˮ壬ˮУˮ֮飬ڣˮᱶǱɵߣɣ
ӵĳ֣ܹһʿעµһɫ¶
һΪ˾ڵߣ˿ܷһ
ǹһڵλͬţҹһڣ֮ǰԷȴŰ裬Ӳҹһڴ˵ǵж飡
ˣǳߣ˻ߣʹ֮ɫ
û֣ҲţѣǼΪ̣ȥ֮Ϳ̿Ӳκλڣ
ǰ˵һǣһ壬Ϊ˿ĳȻɱţٶŹѪɺӣһ߳˵ͺ
У֪ǹһǾɶ೤ϣɱˣŮ֮ʱֹֽȴûɱΪ׷Ź˲֪жΪɱǣ˵ĺҪɶ೤ϣʵϣȴҪҹһڣ
޳ܱɣɥ֮ͽҰħޣ˿ɱ֮ɱһˣǽˣλͬţΪ˶ֻ࣬һˣˣ
ƣĻ･أЩ˽֣߸Ͳʶ֮ˣҲЩоֵĿ⣬˷ŭʹޣ
ЩҲ⣬ϣ˿վǾ޴Ļͷ߳лչǰģǲãĴ󺣣ˮ컩٣ǾͷϣŴ֮
Уˮˣˮ޷棬˿ˮУǾͷ뷢ͺ
ֵǰһƬĴУһͷڷӣֱֱˮɫǹףĿ֡
֣Ŀ⿴ȥɲǣӺȻһһԾڿն𣬽º˺Х󺣷һƬƬ˺
ܣǰҺͺȴĵԼɵľ޴ǽȻ۶𣬽ֳ׵ķڣ
ͬʱǺڷһȣԾֳǹס·ǽΧ֣һǹХȥ
ǹߣڲϵٽ»һˮɫĳ磬ƹԽܼμ£ȻûһˮǹһͬȻ١
һ̫죬ǾͷԾֱ֣ǳǹȥȴǰе˲䣬̾ͱϺ˷û
ֵӣµǻˣҲܺǽĵǰӵһǹɨУˮȻû
ֵȫˮɲǣˮ۶ĳǹҲһ뺣ڡ
䲻ϣˣ
أǻ˵ӰеģֻǺڷƮӢӴڣ
ֻΪôҾˮ飬ڣҾĻ汾ԴУɫڡ
仰ﴫ˲䣬ϸ⣬йһʿ뷢˾Ļ֮
ˮ˳֣˭ֿܵǱ֮˵Ļ棬ǿҲҪˮǰϨ𣡣
ˮΪȻ̤Ǵ˵еĵߣƾʲôֿ
󻶺ؼоڵӣɫ°̧סǹһָ·󺣣ͺһ
ֻ֣ˣҹ
仰ﴫ˲䣬·Ĵ󺣣ͻȻҵĺУˮȻֱֱնȥˮ֮Ļˮߣ⺣ˮ˲䣬ˮһҪ³
ͻȻģһ䱳

ˮɫ䣬ҪתˮĻڣһ̧߳ˮȻһģһ֮£һɱԴ֮ǵŵĻϢֱӳڣȫͷѣѪһ㣬ˮѪӾ⼱ȥ
ڸǴ֮ϵ̳һϸܵѷ죬ȴûбǴϸܵѷڴˮڣǱƶʱָ
һ߳
סΪûеɴ׺ȴǿԷӳ׵ı׶Ҳ١֮ڲٿ㣬ˡ˫Ѫ˿ǰһĿ˲ͬԽƱԴʹĿ׵ء
ⷬ˵ĺ⣬ˮУȴ̾ͱȻȡ
ʱ˿̣⣬⻷Χ֮ǰڶ磬½ٵĺڷ꣬޴վ棬ĿƽŹ⻷ڵһĻĻ
ֵĻ޴¶ĵ΢Ц
⺢ԭ֣ܲһڵ֮Ҳܿߣǳ


1733 ǬһΣ
ˮеĺȻ˿ˮĴ˰ںϵף裬һܾ֮󣬲ͨѪںϣճΪ֮
ףֻ˵˥ʿϺͿԳΪܣԷӳ׵׼Ϊ죬һϣǻᱻƣһлᱻײٿء
ףǵڱչǰ˵ɣҲ̫࣬ƼΪѣ´ȥ֮أɾ
ÿһ׶ǼΪ󣬲˻ã
ˮĲģ׷žȻһƱѷ죬ԼȫѣҪ׵죬ͳ壬ŵһ˲䣬Ȼˣ
ȻģֻһۿͿ֮£˶ߣݼʶˮһɺ
ָղһۿˮĿԷ˫Ŀͫг˴Ѫɫϸ˿Щϸ˿ĳعˮɲǵʧ
ףҿԲɱ㡣˿ˮ֮ĺˮڳ£ĿˮĻƿʹǸܵĹһʿڿһкǿˮǱ׷״֮ǰϲѹһƬĬ
ˮɫΪֵĻУҵҧ֮סڷĿ־壬һֱ󷽣һӾֵľ롣
ɫɣĿˮ˳ԶŶԷֳǳņ̀н¶ɱ
Ƕߣֲаǿûʲô˵ģ
ֽŲǰһˮ
ˮɫ԰ף¶֮ɫ̧֮£еĳǹ͵·󺣺ݺݵһףһУǳǹһˮɫĿâֱӾͳ뺣ˮڣʹǺ̷죬ˮǾҵľγһȦȦУ˷
ˮ֮ˮˮһѪ˫֮͵·ˮһץ
һץ֮£䣬˷ͬ⺣һתһ㣬ˮץһ̧֮£һ㣬¡¡Ļ̧
ԶԶһһĻ춯أǺˮȻֵ̧⼱ȥ
ͬʱˮٴѪɫ¶ƣȻһץ
ƿɢɺˮУֲƺˮӱбӳƬһۿȥպƴһƬ·͵£ر̧Ƭˮһɲӣںһγһ޴Ư֮ˮ
ˮ͸ɫС޾һۿȥԵһС͵ˮһ㣡
ǬһΣˮҧ洫µ֮ͨ̿ήӢ̳ªдŧ
Ԫܴôã˥ҲӦĴΣʣ޷ȫȹ
һУȫף˿̣ȫ֮û˶֮̾ͻ˱Ӧֵӡ
ǰǾ޴ˮĸֳڵɲǣ̷תתǲϵѹۿɼٶС
ÿСһȦڵѹͻᱩ
ܽ޴ˮΪһΣôھһǿգҲ
ˮˮıԴ֮
ˮڣܺˮӿˮѹ˷۶ٵļѹУһеϢ
Ŀ˸ܵĺˮн¶֮âһɼȵ˷֮ɫ
ˮ֮Դ˷֮ɫŨ
뿪ףɱˮ練ƣᣬȴǺˮףȻˮԴǰ仯ܽôҵıԴͲߵǰ˵
飬ȷ룬ΪѵãˮײٿصˮԴѰ½һڵķַʽ£۳ˮԴֱӾָ۷֮
飬ǰεı¶һУ֮ʦڻҪ
ĻᣬܷŹ
ʻǾѣĸȴǺĻҲߵԴˮԴҲǴδӴڵգ֮ǰͳһαԴˮҺָһˮԴĴ
е˷ȻŨ˼㣬ûаʱ˷ѣϥⲻľ޴ˮڣ˫Ŀ¶֮âĶǰˮһб仯
Щ仯ûй켣Ѱ˫ĿͫѪ˿УһЩߣ˫¶֮ɫ˷ܣٵڤˮԴ仯
飬⣬֪ˮǰûв˿̾ɫͬ˷֮ɫ
ˮ˫вϵر仯ӡǣʹˮڵıԴŨٶԽԽ죬ˮۣڰʱ󣬾Ȼ޾Сɣ
ɵˮڵĺˮˮһδεѹ£ԴԽŨ
ǬһͨУΪͨ죬ˮҵͨǿҪѹΪһΣҪˮһ֮¸ˮⲻϵĻÿһĻᴫ׵ĲٿرԴ֮ʹˮڲƻص
ⷬٶּ˸л֮⣬ˮеĸ˵Ϊĸȫ棬˸ıԴ仯
ɵˮƬ̺СС룬˿ֻ̻ɴСˮɫ¶˷ܣȴҵĴϢȻȫ֮;ƿһ㡣
ɶ࣬ңˮ͵̧ͷշһ
Уˮ̾һг֣ڣһн֮ڴɲǣ̾ˮڣ
УˮνĽˮԴͬΪǽڻˮҲΪһн֮ڳʱı¶ȻȻĻˮ۶
һԴʹعϵΪ𣬿ˮ
ʵҲȷˣ˿нĵֵˮǽ֮Ĵ߶£ѹˮɫе˷ܣЦ
֣ˣ
˿̣ǿƯ޴¶Ź֣һĻЩ֪˵ЩʲôĿŹ֣ɫҲǿЦõӡ
ǰȥˮԴô⺢еѪ֮һ㼫Ϊѵã
ھȻߵԴӲǽƱԴĿͫѪ˿Ѫ˿ķҴδκϼ˫ޡ


1734 ˴
ˮЦһ˷ܣͳнڸʮɶ࣬Ҳ¶΢Ц
ʶʼڹ۲һս˿ЦݺʢΪֿԴˮ߳ˣΪˮڴ˿̴ڵˮԴ֮ŨľҲоΪֲ
ˮԴˮŪΪ֪һ㣬ʶɶĸΪȷ
ΪʲôֶͨΣԭֻͨܳڸտʼˮо뿪ˣôʱ޷Ȼھ
֣ûʲô϶治Ըɱ㣬˭ⶴ֮ء㲻ͬȻĳĿģĻΪδʱⶴңѰҵ꣬ôʱĿԶ׼ˡɶ˫¶˼ЦݸŨ
ͬڣǺˣĿתĶĵľӣ¶˷ܣЦ
ַſˮ˳棬ҿ߳ˮǬһΣͨҹһڴ˱
Ůͬɫ¶⣬žڵˮкⲻϡ
ɣˣ˾ͽϻᱯˣԽǱ˷ŭҾԽǽޣ˾ͽϣһ㣡Ůӷ̶ļЦ
ȣԱǵʿ˿Ҳ¶΢Ц
߲ˡ
ͬʱ⣬˷ܵĻϣйһʿһյĿ⣬˷֮ɫǿˮ򲻶ϵСƿʹı飬
˷ܵģˮ˿˫ֻ裬ϵѹ֮£ˮȻ˲ɣѹٶԽԽ죬ˮһƬ֮ˮļѹγɣˮУ֮
ʱ̫ˣҪһЩ⣡ˮ֪ΪΣ˷ܣˮԽԽСȴһľ֮УָоĺͻȻԼҲǺܲ⡣
ֲ⣬ȴ⣬ԥ֮£⣬ΨмӴȥˮۣ
˫ˮһѪȥһӴΧѪˮϵɲǣȴˮһӴӽɣǧɣ
ͻȻı仯ʹˮڵ̴֣Ť˫ȴ̼
ˮԴб仯ֻ仯Ƶ˼ޣȴǸܵˮûȥŨˮԴٴγֱ仯飬˵֪ͬĳʱո֪һ룬һȴûˡ
ֲϲµĸоܲü֮ʱˮһеѪȴˮһٴת
ּҪЦˮ֮־ǣַ֪Լˣɱˡ
ּģˮˮ˵Ļ
ɶ࣬йһеӣȫ󣬽Ϣ֮ڽ仯һΣ
ڵɶ࣬û˿ԥ˫֮̾˸ϻһ׽ףףǰһ߳ʮ㣬С
ʶ󣬽ҹһΪسħɱˣ컯ɶͺУ˫͵һӣʶХֱڵľӶȥ
һЩˣϲԼһҥڶԷƺôͲԷȫΪһ
ȻɶˣһڣҲˡ
ͬʱٹһʿһ˼ȫϥ£ʶ뿪壬ȫա
һʶΣȴŤǵʶȫյоڣȻͳˮ֮У
ʶĽ룬ûа˷ʱԥ̾ͷӳȫʶ֮ȻǧɵˮΧڷļѹ
ɶ࣬䴩׺ΪǺˣ˿ҲǱȫʶ֮
Уˮںֱǧɣ
ڣ˫˷ܵˮڵˮԴһб仯ǸղǹһȫֱۣӱԴ仯ֱֿеıԴ仯
Щˡһ㣬Ͳһ㡭˫ʶģԼһбԴ仯
ʱˮһڵڶѹǧɵˮ򣬷Сǧɡһǧɡɡֱɣ
ڼ
¶֮ɫֻʶģ£̧ǰһӣг֮ǰ͸ǵ̺һ˿ԴˮΡ
ˣ͵̧ͷǵ̺˱Դˮɢ󾧹⣬תǾɢˮͬˮ
оһڡ
ˮԴڰǧ仯
仰ڵɲǣɴСˮ̴δйľҶ·ҪһһŨˮԴϢֱӾͱ
ͬʱˮ⣬ˮ˫ɶ໹йһʿʶۣˮһμѹ
ɣӦѾǷԪ񣡣
ȥֱӰǬһΣ
ںһʶХֱˮ򣬵ȥٽһɲǣǣûκμѹЧһ˲䣬ˮ˵һУȻԼ
һĻɶһ㶣ˮһд˵ʶ֮ˣȫһ
ɵˮɲǾͻʮɣ˲Ϣֻɣ¶ڣϥɫ̺˼Ӱ
һĻ䣬˵ڷըһʱ֮䣬һƬհף飬Ī˵ǣǻκһˣ޷ܡ
Ŀˮں֮£ȫ֮ˮУĿˮɢֵϣӰ
Ǹǿֻվӣ¶΢Ц˵ʶȫ͵ˮȭһݣ
˴ĳһݣְ̧ͷȻǰһ˦һ˦֮£ɫ䣬ХеʶȻȫ󣬾ɶʶҲͬ
ˮ󣬾ֻʣˮֶˣ
㡭㡭ˮһѪЦĵĺ˼
ϣʿ˿һȻ˫ۣ¶Ȼ޷֮ɫеĿ־ͬ籩û
ûлȻеֻһƬŵľһ֮ˣ
ô⡭ôɶãֱڻ޷֮ǰһĻ
飬ûĤݣȡǬһˮ鱾Դ
֮󣬴˵صʿŴǺȻѹȻ֮Ȼˣû⣬ȫ𾪵
ôģ
δ̫˼ǲܣ
Īˮڸ򡭡Ҫֲļ֮
ǺŮӣ޷ҵı仯Ǻߣǰ˵κλĿ־塣


1735 ̤۶ϣ
ûǰѪˣһ޷ŵˮǱ˫ۣĬĬĸڶǬһˮ
ڰ˵ԴΪˮԴֻ䲢δڴɣͬĻԴһʵ֮ԴҪһδεں֮󣬷ܴɡ
ʵҲʵ֮Դ鱾Դ鱾Դȫһ̳ɵѶȣȴǼΪѣһپͿԿ
֮£ʵ֮Դ΢һЩҲ鱾ԴԣֻףӵӵĴں׳ֱıԴ
£ֵڴڵģˮԴӣڣ־ͿȥһﵽԴɵľ硣
ԴѣӸѣֵ˰岻Ҳӳ֡
ԴͬȸεľѣҲлûֵĻᡣ
ǬһΣͬ벻ͬȸľѻ֮һ֣ˮ֣
˷ܵĸûвͶֻһһӡߣԴ
дڣ飬һ飬ȴ޷۳ԴӣԶԶˮһƵķ׵Դĸͳʿϵȵܳ֡
飬ס
ˮֵİȻ˫ۣˮĿ⣬Ҳٺ䣬һƬƽ
˫Ŀһ˲䣬ˮƴѣȻĲϺˣ߰˲͵ľҪӶ뿪
˴ôȥ̧Ǻ˵ˮһץغһֻ޴ƾöһѾͽˮץס
ɲǣջأǾ޴ִ֮ˮصǰ
ʳֲָ˼һָˮüģһ֮£ˮɫ¶ʹŤ֮ǰʩչͨ£;ƿݣͬʬ꣬ȫںһ
֮ΪֳɳֹϵѾ˺ܾúܾãˮʱȴ
׽ʳ
ָ£һɰ֮ӿˮڣһƬĤ񣬻壬ȫ
ΣˮԴ֣֮Ҳɱ㣬һΣĳ˵ԭ򣡡ָ̧ǰһӡ
ˮף͵һֱӾʹϱǿз뿪ɢɴƬȻɢ
ÿһƬϣһѪ˿ˮӣ˿ɢѪ˿ڣԶԶһ˿ˮ˿֮ëȻ֮⡣
ֲһĻЩ֮ǰںȻ֮еĹһʿһĿ⣬֮ǰľǱˮֲһĻȫĺ⡣
ˮжס
ͬʱĲҽдˮдɫʹ༸Ҫûȴ޷ԣֻʹͬҲףֲǹĥھ
Ǵ˼ײжôɣϾ֮ǰķȫΪɱ֣޷ܵΪֱ֮ǬһôһˮҺȫÿ׷ɵ⣬ȴµĵز
ĺɫϸ䶯ˮЩɢƬ֮ϣζ֮£ʹЩƬҲƯΣˮɫʹҵ˻𲻶ϴ
ɫأˮĿ˸¶ܣ죬Ȼ̧ѪһѪ֣ˮЩѪɫϸȻնȥ
֮ɲǶκˮϸߣȫ鿪ص˸ԴڵƬڡ
׸ȫˮ룬ȻɢȴйĴӰ˷һ𣬻һĵϸѷףһ˵ϡ
׵ӣɢˮɫâУһѳǹû˵һƮ˫֮ϣһ
ж֮ˮȫѪӼΪкˣֵĿ⣬˸ӡ
߰ɣҲɱ㣡ֿףڡ
ˮĬƬ̣ſҪ˵Щʲôջû˵Ȼдƣһȥʧˮڡ
̧һץҪϸоɲǣ͵̧ͷ¶⣬Ӳ˼ֱǰһͬʱͻȻˮ̾ͳ˴ĲƣⲨƼٻɢֲѹ˲䣬ڵͺȻ
̫ͻȻˮȫ߽⣬ǰƬͬʱ·һѹ٣ѹ̫ǿʹô˵޷һ
ɢˮɫâ׺󷽣ƻͻȻͳһУֱһֻɿݵ֣һѾץȥһɭĲڴһˣֱӺ
ⲻӵ֮Ϸ
ֶͻȻֵıʣûκβˮǰ˲һ󲽣ʹȫƺȻֱӾһУƽ۷壡
ߵԴͬһУȻںϣڵǿΪڱ
һȥµɲǣֵĵѪ֮ÿһѪ֮Уÿһͷ֮ڣʹ壬ײǣ
ѪȫɲǱͬһ籩ͻȻʹô˿̵֣磡
һ£ǡгֱ֣һ˲һµҽţ̤գֱ̤ۣ
ݺݵһ̤
һжɲǷ˸޷壬ֵҽһٶȣǵŵļ˰ԵȻ¡
ǲϵץ׵ֱ۸Ǽٸı䷽֮ͨԿȻûϵֵķӦĳ֣вִУҽֱӾͺݺݵֱ֮ϡ
һڸŹͷѵֱһ֮£ŤϸߣһƬѪ˵ƺߴУֱۼأȴȴֱ֮ѪĽ
ĳ֮˰ɣһ˦վ֮кС
ǻһӣˮɫͬǳǹ̻ⱻڣһˮûκζֱ̤ۣ࣬ף¶һʦ
Ź֮ޣǹ֮ˣŤڴʹ֮˻
һĻǿе޴ȫ¶Цݣɫиһɰ
ãȻҵһĺӣҪôԸиð֮ˣҪôҷЩôܺҵƢҪǻңצӶ
һڣȺ˵أҲ˼޴Ŀ֮ϵĸ룬ּ䣬һ飬ɢ


1736 ת֣
ˮף˫۱亮˪һ㣬ڿеɲǣ̧͵һץȥ
ͬʱɢһɽ⣬ЩĿͬһѰٵ˲䣬˴˺һ
ˮڻϵغ¡
˺ջأɫûа仯Į
Уֱ鿪Ϊ㾧ӨȻʧӰ
ϣھŲ㣬˿̱һƬǽϥһߣߴһ׽ɫĳǰͼ
˿̣һһѪָһƬףڵͬʱǹŤȻȻ۶ϡ
дѪұžણžવĵڵϡ
֮ˣǴڴڵһįǧѪˣĺˣôܻӵпįǿˣпܲⶴ֮ޣģҹһ⣬Ȼ˽ͫɫʹ࣬ͷһԼұۣĿ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
úݵһţ壬һ֮£ҵұ۶ȻǾҲ֮
ɫΪ͵̧ͷ⴫ȡ
ɶ࣬ң
ӸھŲڴйһʿȫһ𣬻Ȼ֮ɲɢǸĤݡ
ɶƤһû˿ԥֱھŲ㣬бȭҪ˵ȴһֻôֽһץס˲ھŲڡ
ɶ಻ҷǴֽԼקڳڵھŲ˲䣬ڵأźеĹæڡ
ɶ࣬ھ档
˭˴ˣǴŽ۵߶ɶ࣬ͺ
ߵĻɶ̧ͷҪ˵һ۾Ϳ˵߷ǿѪʱһٿұ۵Ǳˡ
֪ˣȴûռƣˣ˿Ӳæһһʮû˿ذ֪йֵ飬ȫ
ɶ࿪ڵͬʱڣˮıֱѡȥȴûôǰһΣһɲǣǰйâҫۣʱչ¶ǰģȻһƬµأ
紵һɷ飬˲ɵûоĿһƬͷïܴ֣ǲһѰ󱬿γƬƬҶ֮
ľ
Ŀһܣǽ¶΢ЦһǣȲ˵ǺܷԸ󣬾Ѿֻ컯
˿ľڣܷŹǰһΣֱǰ
ŲɲǣľڣеĲһȴҶ˲䣬Ʊһ֮һļХУЩҶ˷ֱֶȥ
Ҷ̫࣬ԶԶһХ䣬ڸ죬û˵أɲٽ֣ͬɻҶȡһ㡣
ɫûа仯˳ȭ˫Ŀһ䣬Ȼֱ̧ǰ͵һ˺
˺죡
һ˺֮£ƾһ죬ȴǰأ̾ͱ˺һ޴ѷ죬ѷӣźɨҪ˺룡
ʵϣǰҲȷ˺Уֳ֣ѷмһƬڣͨڣ˿ⲻϵ£ͬҹɰһ㣬չ
Էӳ˺֮˿һͬ˺ģҶеҶȫһɲǣмֱѿ˺¶Ҷеһϸ˿
˷ٵҶȫˣ
˺֮£غǺ¡¡ľܣʹľҪ
мٽֵҶͳͳǰֳ룬ԼٻԷֳͬҶײһ
ԶԶһֵӰײûֱƬ̺谵ڣְ׷Ʈһ߳ѷ첻һƬͬڡ
󣬻ǱеҶγɵĻ谵ĩ
߳˲䣬ľĴϣЩʧȥҶľһͻȻ䶯ֵĿ£Щľһӳ˴˴۸ӵһ𣬺Ȼ֮£ľ䶯УЩľϵӳ֮£ܿϷγһž޴ľ֮
߻𡣡ְ׷ƮԺ󣬰ͬƮɫƽĿǵϵľ֮ͫ
ľ֮Ĭ֮󻺻ıǴŲɣְĿ˫Ŀպϵɲǣ޴ľ֮üģһƬȻɫ۶һɫĽᾧֱֶȥ
ֵǰƯסߵһ̣·ľȫٴ䶯ָ֮ǰӡ
ûеͷȥ̧Ųһ֮£ǰһлŤձһʯ֮âľڼɢѸٵܣľɢͬʱһ󣬽󣡣
һнʯ֮ɱϢڣûдأԭӦǴصλãΪһѰɢĴȡһѰѽɱһƬ
ûƲ㣬ûգеȻ޾죬һѰѽ⣬ֳֵɲǣ̷֮
ǽ˵нͬʱ
ľľȡ֮ᣬʶֻӵǵľѡ񣬵ͬ᲻࣬һ·ֱǰۣ
˿̽һ𣬴˵غеĽ£򽣴ֱ֡
صǾҵΪ˴˵Ψһþòɢ
ڣھŲ㣬ɶй֪һȫ˵꣬ɫԽȻЩ޷־Ȼ½֮ˡ
˿ҪڣͻȻ͵̧ͷ⣬ɫ¶ɱ
󣬱ˣҪתУվӣɱ뺮â
棬ǿת֣ܷô貽ɶԥһ£ʵ
ת֣ϢһתĶԽ죬תԽ졭ˣ˵˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳ򵥣һڵĻɽ֮һ
󷨣ֻһڴĳֻҪ޷һʼͿߣֻҪ°תض޷ƿ
һУģǲˣૣ£ɶƶǶȴûʣ̧ͷա
ڣУִӰ߳˿̣ǰȻģǱĿ˲Զǣ
ֻҪǰ߳һͿ̤ǿдڵϡ
ֵ߽󷨣
ǣҪ̤룬ʱͻȻŲһ٣һ˫ĿȻһ
ȥǾȻˣ
ת


1737 ΨĹʶ
ĿתɲǣڸھŲ㣬ǽϵɢ¶Ц
ת֣½ҲƿصģĶԽ죬Խƽ⣡
㷽˵ȸϾͼΪƻĸߣôȥô꣬ûΪǾһδĥ£ôĥУҲѳ
ԽǴˣתڣԽ޷»ǵһתУԽɱԽ裬һﵽ˾תҪֱľ
򣬴˶Ȼ޷߳ɶŴ˻Ҳ¶΢Ц߱ȭһݣдų羴֮ɫ˵
ǽ߹һЦͷһԼұۣĿԹһֱڣұۻھʹҾתҲⲻ˶١
ͬʱ棬ǿʼվ۲޴𣬴˿˫Ŀһ
ת󾡹һ㣬ڲṹʿ˵Ҫƽ⼫Ϊѡ⺢޷ƿˣٿһñ棬ҳֱǡ
޴ҡͷûָƿ½һڵ󣬵ĵףȴһ˿ڴ
ֻڴ΢ԼҲڲһ˿ڴȻʧЦ
ǲҪ̫ˡһĵŻûмóȻ룬Ҳض
ԣɫأǾ޴ǣֻԽǿȥǵתԽӿ١
տʼǻתȻֹ䲻ϵת£˫۴ʹѣεĸоڷϢУٵġ
һ֣һ𣬺ԥ˫ۣ˫ĿպϣʶȻǿǣûаͣٵĺХת
ʲô󷨽ƣ˫ȻɫΪ벻ĿۣǿԴǣʶ۲죬ǵתɣ
ܿ죬ϢȥڵʮϢһɲǣǵתȻһ죬ʱѣεĸоԽǿңĲԼٿصĴɢ
飬һδԼ벻ͨΪλ浽״ʲôĽƣ
кһûκԥһֱǰȥ
Ǵǹ죬¾ҲԶԲȥֱ̤ǣٶȼ죬ɲǾ޾Χһ֮ȴͫ͵
֣ԼⱾӦ̤ǵһº󣬾Ȼԭ̤һɻǰת˫ľ룬ûа仯
·һҲڶ
ֳĬ˿̵ڶϢȥ󣬽뵽˵תУתٶȣٴα˿ֿȥȻģ
⵽ʲô󷨣˹죡ǲϵת£˷֮⣬ɷĲͻȻԭʹڣֵⷳɲǣĿеתȻ
ֱһӾʹǵתƬģһƴгΪһ޴
ɫв԰ףеķ޷ѹ£ԽԽǿңͬģǵתҲԽԽ죡
ԾֺԥȻˣҪ뿪˵ٶٿ죬ȥǵľ룬ûаļ٣
ֹı仯𶯣ǷԽԽ࣬˿̣ĸϢȥǽ뵽˵ת֮С
ת˲䣬ֵķ겻Ȼ׸ı䣬ûκǵӣǻһȦȦУ˴˽һ𣬼ת
һؿڷƣǵתָоתһ·ǿҲתΨһתģֻԼ
Ϊìܵı仯ʹַһѣεĸоּΪʹ࣬Ҫ緲һŻŲģ˺󼸲ɫһƬҰףи˴Ѫ˿
ĶУɫг˷⣬˷
ֻһתٴκ䱩˲ϢͿ޷ݣת£ƺŲȣԼûвУҲǣͬʱת
ǸڵھŲ㣬ǽ߿ĿһĻЦ¶֮ɫգɫ벻м
ѾתˣӲϷ̤ڣﵽ˵תҲֻںķתȥԪ
ˣҪǣʵԲ
ɶͬ¶΢ЦֻǶ˫Ŀ֮⡣ת˽⾡ܲǽ߶࣬ȴ̤ڣں֮ǰ
ڵĿ£ڵתлԣ£˺ܾ÷Żָ֮תֻоη־塣
⣬޴ҡͷ̾һ
ûڴĺãһ˿ڴҲữʧֵܼתҲǼΪѵˡˣһ£ھתҳֺˡ޴ĻЩʧҲףǻԼûгΪǰǲ֪½һڵóȻ룬Ҳˡ
ɫ԰ףǵתھϢ˲䣬һѪѪɣ建תȴǿֹͣ
ֵ𣬷񣬷ǼתٶҪﵽ˼޵Уվһ
֪벻ɡ
ף벻룬лתˣԼ֮һͬתôǵУԼȫڣȫĺľ󣬵ȴԼֻ
ÿϢǵתͻͻȻӡѣΣܵʹ࣬ǿƽȥ˼
Ϣһ䡭ҷһ̣תӾ硭˷һ̣תٿ졭Խ˼ԽоתԽǿ޷ġ
ĶǵУԽ޷ƽԽҪ˼Ҫҳʲôԭ򣬻ԼУת
ܿ죬Ϣȥ߸Ϣȥڰ˸Ϣһζ
ǸڵھŲĽߣһ˦Цдɶ߳վϡ
ھתˣɶ࣬ϷȥʬǽߴЦҪȥɲǣͻȻЦȻֹ¶޷֮ɫ
ˣתȻˣܣǵھת⡭⡭
ȻĻɶ࣬ԭһ΢ЦЦ̾ͻ˺Ȼ
ͬģ⣬޴ҡͷѹĵʧ̧Ҫֵ̧֣˲䣬Ȼ˫Ŀһֻ£Ųģһ̣ҵ
ڣڵھתĵһϢ˲䣬Ȼ˫ۡ
ĶĶĶʶ񶯻궯һжڶʶҿȥҲڶеȫΪҵĲ˫ĿѪ˿ɢɢɢʣµģֻһƬžƽ


1738 ģ
ھתһϢ
ֱ˫ۣԹٱԴȴǷɢһ㣬ûκãΪҲãҲգΨģ
ֵģһж
Ŀɲǣ˫ȻĿһƬˮƽˣһվҲֻǶĵĥ¶ѡ
ؾľѣⷳҪǼѣܴ˿̿ȥȻƽʵϣûȫ
ģҲֻ
ƽĿпȥҲ֮ǰٵתУȻٶԣɲǣͻ֮ࡣ
ھתڶϢ
֮תȻ٣ȥܻһУͷҲãŻҲãεתҲõģָоȴʢһˮģɲǼ䣬ȫƽļ
һ֮ģֵĻ꣬꾲
ǵУٴֹԶԶȥȻΪģ֮佻ԼУ޷ȫѣεһ㡣
ھתϢ
Ϣɲǣ꾲֮ҲƽԪʶƽʹƮȻĸоһͷ׷ƮҡվǿУɫ糣κβ԰ףеֻǹž
ĿǵתԽӵĻͲУָǵӣϵľòܻ̫ȴǿ۲ת١
ǣ¶΢Ц΢Цƽͣû˿Ļеֻǿ͸һ֮Ƶᡣ
ʱ仹ţתУϢϢϢ
˿̣ϣһƬţеĹһʿһ̧ͷյĿ⣬͸ݵ𺳡
ǽߣɫ԰ף૲ϣֱڻ޷һĻȻԤ⣬˵ǲܵ顣
ڶ磬½Ĺһڣ̫תֵǿ£½Ϊ
û뵽ж֮ޣ˶̵ʱڣȻƿļ󣡾ľת֣֮½Ҫϲ٣󣬵ĵȷȷǾת֣
ⲻܡ˴ı仯Ȼ˾תʱޣ޷ھϢ֮ʱȫֹͣתսȭͷԼҲȷĻ
Աߵɶ࣬˿ɫ͸־壬Ҳıʣ̫Ĺ죬һʱ֮䣬˵仰
ģһ֣Īη塣
⣬޴Ŀ¶֮âңң֣˫۵ĹâԽԽһٶ޴УģٴξҵĶ
˲ľʶΪΪΣ֮ף֮꣬û˺ԻΪԴǣʹҲ
ꡢһһģȻȻҲƽ˶̵ʱ뵽ķΪѵãķӦΪ
ӣҪˣ޴¶ѵһֵ˷ܡ
ھתڰϢ
ֵģһ̣ȫƽվǴ΢ЦĿеתȻļѲϵһУҲģչ¶ǰ
ֱھϢٵɲǣֿȥûаתȫȫľֹ
˿룬ֻǰһͿ߳תֱ֣̤ϣûôһ޵Կ֮ҪЩĶ飬̹֣
Ҳ֪ԾΪһ䣬񹲱ŴΡÿһǳתΪűתҲΪ
˵תת˵ͣͣкһ̧ǰȻһָһָУ򻮳һԲΡ
ĶǶ˿涯תȼԴңô£Գһ͵һȦ
ƶ˲䣬ȻֹǣȻٴתһεת֮ǰķͬһΣת
תһɲǣ޴̳ЦĿ֮ϼΪŨ
⺢ӷҵƢܺãܺã
ͬʱ޴ĸ෴ģϴ˿йһʿԭڿգһɲǣ㣬Ƶ֮У˲Ϣ仯첻ٴâ˿ȥɢȡ֮ǿգ
ǿڣеĹһʿȫһž޴ǣǣǣ
ָоΪԼվϣĿУǣһ仯̾п֮ˣ޷Ƶһ
ͬ𶯵ģǽߣһ֮󣬶ʱɫ䡣
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ɲǼ䣬йһʿĿǿڵǣȻת֮ǵתҲԽӿ١
ĶǶ
ǷűͻȻһĻʹȣˣȫת֮ڣ
ǵĿУת֮ɲǾͳΪУֻǵһתڰϢ
һʿѪһ֮²Ϻˣɫ־󾪻ŵļиػ
ڶתȻ٣
ɶѪ̱˫ۣɫеʹ࣬תĸо޷ģֻĵֿԽʶǵתԽ졣
Ŀ־壬˿ɶ༸Ȼķ
ǽߣɫҰһƬ˿̵̧üģҪǿҪԼƽܵҽ뾪֮ȴһδεʹ޷ܿƽ
ȥǵתѾȫΪУѣεĸоȫ˷ǴģԼơ
˿̣ת֣ﵽ˵ת
ڽת˲䣬˵ʿɶǽ⣬ȫȻԹȥЩʿܻԣɫʹȴɣԽԽŨ
ǵڣɢ죬תۼ䣬Щʿһһ弱ٿήɢĳ񣬻ǵԪ
ɶҲܣǿڵתƬ̣ǰһڣˡ
ֻʣǽߣ沿¶񣬵ͺͫڣԿǵĵӰǵӰһżתУͿǣ
ʱţתתڽתɲǣٴѪ˿ήļ
ʱ
ͺǸĵ߲㡢㡢ڴͬʱϵӰХ𣬴ڼٶҲ֪ʩչʲôͨͬʱһ˦ǿգ
һ޴ĺ֮һ˲ضγ޾䲻ϡ
춯УձתǱһжŤƬǿ˺
˺УֵӰһϮ£ǵУ


1739 ǽж
ŤöתǱƻһƬƬƬܺɨȥ
˳֣ŵľת涯һһʿήⲻֲпᣬű㾭ͬһĻ
˿̳ŤգɫƽĿڴһɨЩԵʿɶ࣬ұ۶׵ĽߣܣɫԼӡ
Ӿܿ꣬ɢĸϢĴţԴ̫õ£ҲǶ֮ޣ½
Ŀɨɫƽһ˦һȭ
֣˰ݼλ½֮ޣһµ֮꣡λУ֪סĿɺã
ֻһǽɫȻ䣬䱾Ǿת涯ˣ˿ı仯ƣѪ
߳ʿɫûб仯ֻ˫ֵͫĿ⣬Ϊ
ֻµɲǣǰһȥ̧һȭȭͷסɲǣüĹǵ㣬ĿĿħͬʱת˸̾һ޴ĵӰȻû
Ӱأٳ֮ʱռգ͵̧ͷ޴ȭסֵĶһһ
һһɫһ䣬ͬʱֱֶȥһӰһɫкɨء
һˣǰȫƣȻͷγһž޴ĹӰǹӰŭȥ
һˣȫлƣľˮâ˸֣֮⣬ɫ䣬ٽ
ȭǰǸ־𣬾Ҫһȭȥ˿˵٣ȴֵֹΪ
ɫ糣û˿ţȻȻһ׼˾ΪףȴҲûں
ٽɲǣں͵һӣʱǾ޴ĵӰ̧ӴӸһŤ֮£ȻԣֵһѾ޴ڡ
ʱ˵ͨ٣һײǻסֵĵӰ֮ϣǵӰȻһܲסǿĺϢȻ
ӰıγһɾܺɨϢ̺˵֮˿̺ɨ䣬𶯣Ӹȫһˣֱ˳⣬ͣӡ
Ӱڵ֣ȴûܵ˺һжļ֮ڣ˿̽ŵӰĳǰһȥȻͳǸϷճȭͷ֣һͺ£ֱӾһȭǸ
˵֮ǣ֮ҪΪһȭ
ĿģҪƳصҪһﵽ״ʲôǿߣҪףĵڶӣж׶˶
ֻȫЩ飬ſȥƶƻȥѰҵ꣡
ѶԷӰбƳ
һƻ谵ǵӰĳΪƵĳ֣Ϊܺɨƶֹһд˵֮ǰС
ǳͬΪɨһ·ϣʹ˿һȭںֱȥ
Զӣ˿ɫ䣬ҪȥֹȴǵӰ裡
һУֵƣ
ȭͷХһȭ̺ľȫΪ֮ǸԽԽ
ʱͻȻǸĵĲУ̴һǿϢϢ£һµ꣬ȻӵĲһ߳
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ԭһֱٺѰʲôڶǰȴ֮£صǣĲչأ˿ֱ̱Ƴ
ʶ֣Ҳ
㣡ֵ˲䣬һ۾ͿԷԴ˵ļ䣬ֻһ棬ԶڣһһžѰʲô
ֺû˵һ֣ȭͷµɲǣǰȻһȥ
ӡɲǣ̾ͻûɫľ޴󻨶䣬仨ʢָ仨ɢĹ⣬ʢдӻֻ׵ֱۣµȭͷ
˴˲Ϣһ𣬺һ죬ȭͷһͬʱĸܵӶԷӡڴ֮Ȼ壬ʹ̵ŵŵź
Ҳܣ˿ɫһףڴ֮ͬ໨
ƾУ
ֺУұ̾ɫĻûӡֱϣǳ˸õı仯Ũˮ
ʹкһ
ͬںУüĳһõǵ㣬ĿĿڣһǵûǵ֮ȫӺںΪı仯
ǵڳ̻֮˹񡢹ħӰǴԪɶȥ
ʼɫƽû˿ı仯ƾݴݣֿȥҲһ
ֲ֪Ϊݷ⣬½һڣҲպ֮Ǻĵӣе
ʦ˽£ⶴһĥ컯һص½ض֮һȥһӵͷ
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֮ûκλ̧һɫĻ̾ɢڵŲĻָ£ٴαʹұۣȫָ
ͬҲֶΣ˫ؿڵº󣬸óһɫһĵҩһ¡
ǵҩںȻ֮һپͽеĹ֮ӰĨɱָٶȣȴʳҩʶ˼Ϣ
⼸Ϣʱ䣬ȥһ飬ûָֻ֣ٴȭڶԷڻָɲǣһȭǸ
һΣֹˣ
һȭ£غ䣬Ǹһ֮Уưȭͷ֮պ󣬴²㿪ʼϣһıУǸ߽⡣
ƬĳǸı²һֱ鵽Ĳ㣡
Ȼ㣬ȴ˿δûа仯Ưɢ֮â
ͬĴڣ֮ǰȺ½ʿҲֻֻµתУǵĺ˴ĵĲ㣬㣬ֱ
±˲䣬ǵڣĹ˸Уһϵȴϵ
ףֳһ֮ʱɫ䣬١
һСһǹ֮һҰˣĪ˵㣬ҴˣҹһǰҲֻǴ׵Ұ֮ޣһ˿
ⷬֻûʲôУ޴ȴɫһ˸ҵһǵߣǵһ
ֻǣ֪仰֪ʲôı顭᲻̱񡭡
Сʱ򿴹һƬʲôˣһ仰ǿ󣬽ϣ


1740 ˫
ǸߵĻص֮Уֶڣͬǹһڽݷţݷüͷ΢ɲһ塣
Ϊƽʱ⣬ֻڶѣĵĿѾһ㣬ҲΪɰ⣬мԴ϶˼衣
飬
˿üͷݷɨһۣԴ˸ɢ˳Ų
ǸУŻĴȴһƬ̹ҫилâɫΣٵɢͬʱһͷ׷ߣɫȻǵһ
ȫľ֮ڳֵɲǣɼвӰһƬ籩ĺ
һɵڵѹչְ˷
̧֮߳ǸһӣʱһȦǸγ˷֮ǿҪƿһʱѣ
Уת֣޺ôĵӣˣҲͱˣ֪ЩطһԽģ¶⣬֡
ȰסҴл֪ⶴʿڿֵĵ֮ж϶ԷضͬΪ½֮ˣ
ΪԼǰпܣһ֮٣Ŀģ²̰ͼⶴѰį
һжߵΪ˿ǾԼʮ֮˾ΪȷڣһΣ̧һץöĲʱ֮ȴǴŤջһƬâС
Ȼ䣬âȻһԼʮɳ̵ɫӣ
ӣľɢУһ˦֮£̷žž֮һɫߣȻ̹һУֱֺХȥ
һ䣬£еһжҪһޱ
½һڣóķ֮Ǳӣ½ϼһ֮ޣ䲻ֶͬΣֲͬ
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Ŀһûа㶯ΪѾˣ֪Ρ
˳ɫٽɲǣ˫ۺ¶ָ̧ƣǰȻһĶȥ
һ˲ָסȭ͵һק
ӡ
һק֮£һƬâ̾ʹǱڱ֮Уݺݵһȭ̹
صУǱһ٣ʱͻȻϴأгľ֮Щľٿήһ˿˿ɫľ˲ϢǱڡ
һɲǣűӡߵĲֱԴȻֲӺХ˲Ϣٽ֣Ϻݺݵһ
һӾǱӲδ壬ǰߴ紦Ƭƾ̾͸ܵһɴ
ŵŵ˳Ѫǿѹ£͵̧ͷУЦһӼ䣬Ǿ޴ıٴμХһ䷽ͷ
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˿֣߳ûΪֻǱ֮£޷ȥƳĸڴ֮ˡ
ӣĳҲУƬ̼䣬һ˿ԽԽóҳﵽĿĵķ
̧һץɲǳУһ˦֮£žž֮ɢܣâ֮һ
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âĿ˸УֵޱֱҲͬˣ֮ıӣӣ
һɲǣͬʱݺݵһק߸沿ʩչȫ֮Ϊ֣Ǳڣһק֮£Ȼ
Ͼʿ
ӵеѪؼ䣬ûκԱȹֲ֮ǵһߵԴ
˿ͬڱ֣֮Уټֵįۣ֮һںһȻﵽ˼Ϊֲĳ̶ȣΪǿڣͨǿֱ֣ʵǿЦ֮
һק֮£غɲǾͷܵƬ̣ͺһ£ץıӣ̴ڱקĥһƬѪۣ
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ͬʱɳ籩Ӱ͵ǰһƣ֣֮صأǴƬɫں£Ƿ籩Ǽ˲Ϣ䣬ľ֮һӵ֮ף
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׵ĳ֣ߵΪͻȻӿڼɲǾʹﵽ˿ڵ۷壬ԲҲֻһ֮ң
⣬ǹһڵף
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£ڳɲǣ䶯Ǵطһ㣬ƶһ޴ɽ֮
˲Ϣ䣬еĲľ֮ǰУȫήһ˿˿˲ϢƮɢǰеܡ
Ȼ˷λã˴ƬƶЩľܼɴһ֮£γһ޴ľˣ
ľˣǧɴСأ߰ڣ˿ٽֵ˲䣬ļֺ̌ݺݵһҶȥ
Ϸȥ˵ͫףӰǾ޴ľ֮ȭ
ֵ£ؾһɳ籩Ȼ𣬾ͽܷɳҪ˺飡
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޴ʼտŴϵһб仯ֵĿ죬ѾʼҲ⣬£˫Ŀ¶֮ɫ
˲ƵͨҪʲô


1740 ʦ
ɳڣһƬģһŵɲǣΧľ˵ȭͷȻһȭ֮ڣû̫ǿȴ̺ߴ˿̽״ﵽ˿ڵΪͨ
Ⲣһȭͨһȭ
ȭͷµ˲䣬ǷɳǼֱȥҪ˺һ㡣
֮һɲǾ춯أǷĻ˷Ǵǣǿջص
ֵ壬ľɱԴ֮ŲȻ²ϵػָʹû
ɱԴ֮ɲǣֵӽ֮£ӱ͵ĵͬһ֧֮һͳ忪ܵɳ籩ֱԶȥ
ٶȣ̫죬ٶȳĵΪ֮⣬߿ڵȫֵ֮ĵŲͨҲض
ŲͨػֻҪʱ䲻̶̵˲ϢУֵ壬
ŶԷֵٶȻ˿ļޣ֮ƣ˿̳֮£غХǷҪֻʣǵ·Ҫⶴĳ磡
ⳤֱԶȦĸɲǾǹȦȴΪǿһƿػ
ǸĹȦ֮ŤûȫĵطͶʱ鿪ʹֱӾͳȥ
ֱǹȦŸٶȣΧıƬ
ƿȦû˿ͣ٣ǹɴڵŲ£һײĵڶС
Ǹһ֮£ײһ޴ȱڣȱڵƬĩֵǰɢ
ִڶ˲䣬һ۾Ϳڶλãϥһȫ֮ߡ
߾Ƥ˥ϣͷȷʵɫϥɣչĳͨ˿̱ͻȻĴ͵˫ۣ
ڿԷ˫۵ɲǣ
ߵӣһЩôɶһһߵ˫ͫڣȻоתֻ
ȥһͺȴڶ𣬴һɷŭǣӵ׵һ¶η־֮ɫ
ݷ⣬ҲɢɫɢһƬ羴
һд˿֮ˣȫӲȻˣΪη塣
ĵŲ̾˱ļ󣬸к֮һѪӲܿƵļٺˣƱԷһ𣬾ҪƳڶ㣡
˫Ϊϣ̫
ȴľϳȥûпǵһ֮ˣ˿Ŀһ¶֮ɫ
ֵĺǶԱˣԼˣں̧䣬ѪһȴѪûӱһ֮ɲǣҧƴˣ͵һ˦
һ˦֮£ѪХֱһȥͬʱٴѪУ̧ǵڶ͵һ㡣
ôĹʱǵڶڵվӣĿһƬĮ̧ҪץѪ
һ̣ǰһָȴǱͨ

ȻƴһУ֪ԼĲػ£ˣҲȻôͿȥƴһ£
ҼˣҲ뿪ֶΣ
£̧ץѪһ٣һֻɲǾͱֱǶɣں䣬ȫë̾дƬѪһУȴֵã
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ӺУ˫ĶֻȱڣĿ¶𾪣
ǵһڣûκʿеģֻһڵף׵ĺɫͬҹһһй
ӼٺˣѪٴδӿ˼䣬ǸѪһѪҪջУȴһֻһץס
ǵڶߣ˿߳ץסѪƾ˽Ҳ޷ѳ
ӭʦ֡⣬Ǵľ׵ߣ˿ɫΪȭڡ
ʦĿݷ⣬˿ҲɫһĿдſȵĳ羴ȭ
ʦ֡Զ֮ǰӰˣȭһݣɫ
ֺԶһĻȻףϵʿѾȫ˳ߵĻɶһһȻȺʿ죡
ѾγԷһжǰأǱֿף£㲻ѡȥ
һܴ˿ƺأûлңӺ̧һָա
ָ˲䣬Ǵӵڶ߳ߣ˫ۺһ֣ǰһȥɲǾٽ
ϷУ
һ߻ڵɲǣֺȻڣǻѪ⻰ȴն
Ȼһ·һ޴Ӱڸǣͬʱϣһ˫޴ۣ
˫ۣһƬ飬û˿ɫڣĿУһû˿
Ȼһ͵̧ͷյ˫ۣ˫ĿͫȻһĽŲ̾ͣٲһ
˫۾ţˣɫٱ仯¶޷֮ɫкȻ޷ڸǣɫ¶
ƶģ֮⣬ľ׵ߣߴ˿ȫһ𣬿յ˫ۣɫɲǾһƬ԰ףĿһɨ̾
ˣҲһ˫塣
ݷһ£ĿбȻȡ͵ĿߣڿԷɫɫ̲԰ס
߳Ĭ֮ĿһۣĿɱ̰ȴɲһ
Ҷģ
ѽңӻˣһ̤֮գڵλã·˿ȥ˫۵üġ
սץѪĬƬ̺͵̧ͷ֣ڡ
֣Һ⣬ϷϷ֮ĻҲƣ˵ţ̧ҽţؾҪ£˫ĿȴǽĶ֣Źκһ˿ı仯
ȷ̲£ǽ㻹Ҫҡ΢΢һЦڡ
ĳϣüͷһ壬Щȷˡ̧ĽŲͣ޷£֣ãȴûдӶԷɫлκжϵ
Ȼ֡
Ϣڣѽңкһ
ϢɲǶջջ˽Ųǰ͵һ˦ѪֱֶȥֲδȥӣöڤȻſڽѪ¡
ǣֱȭһˣֱӾ˳ǣ̤ǿУ


1741 ޴𣡣
ֺ˼䣬ǿգվǾ޴ڤޱϣڤ֮ǰ뿪ӾǳһƬޣʹ޷
˿̻ûվ䱳ϣɫ԰ϥ£ľʹ˫ۣǡ
ڿû˿仯֪Էȥģ
ʵϾԷȥģҲ֮㹭ܲԸ˿̾ã浽Σ֮ʱҲԥó
˷֮У˵ˣջҲǼ̧˼£ѹھʹڤޣ˺󣬽뿪ڵǿգڡ
ߺǿΪ֮ҪǿһЩ˾ûﵽս٣ҲһǾ١
ǸһڣȻûˣһסһʿͨǹ죬Ȼǽ֮ǵһףпߡ
ô׺ֻﵽʲôΪĿ¶
뿪֮ϣɫʼնգԥڳ֮ǻ
ȷֵ׻û֣ԷȻ֪˵ΣյȻȻҴԼǿҪѪһжԱԷб޻
У˫¶⣬վһƬžǴ˫ߣ˿̲ҷ˿Ϣվ
Ե߲ˣҲǹߣη塣
ǹһڵĽݷ⣬վԱߣ̧ͷգĬ
ôãߺȻڣ仰ﾡܲδָǶ˭˵˵ˣȴֻݷĿ¶
ҵȣʦҵһЩ׷ѰȥЩ˵ûκη֣ҲһЩ²⡣
Ȼѣ´ӾգԲһЩΪ֮˵̲£
ӦǴط֪ǲǶ֮ޣѰҵĹؼʱӦ˼ҵʶҪҵȴӰƳ֪ǵһк󣬷Դƶƻ
ȻЩֻĲ²⣬˵ҲǸݷĿ¶ڡ
Ӧþˣ˳⣬к֣ŸҴݶĿһջؿյĿ⣬֮һɨɫдһ˦ҪתصǸڡ
ʱͻȻһƽؼȻ
ţ˵һҰˣ
ֵɲǣߺȻɫ䣬˫ͫ͵亹˲ʹӶͷֳƽȴ̺һĲ
ˣݷɫ䣬ɲһҶ
ˣҲͬһ˲ͱ־
Ǵ˫ߣɫֱӲҰ¶޷֮ɫһ˵񣬻һɿ־壬ڷı
ɿ־壬ԴݻǵһֱѪһΣȻ󵹾һ֮ٽһƽǲһ㡣
ɫ䣬Ƶһ㲨ƻ䣬һģӰг֣һŴ
Ӱߣĳ֣ȴزҪһȫ޷԰εľ֣Ӱϣ鵮ò
ĳ֣һƬţϵ̫Ҳɲɢ
ţ˵ڹһǰһҰ֮ޣĮģӰٳ֮ʱӰУ˸㷴֮ɲǣǴ˫ߣֺ̧һѾסߵĲӣ
һ̫죬Ǿ춯صѹڣǴ׵ߣû˿뷴ʸ񣬴˿̱סӣʹҪ
ģӰһ˦֮ص䣬ǿĹһ˫ףֽͬƬһȻĩһɢ
ţ˵ôģӰץû׵ߣֱǰĿȥ
һĻ˫Ȳ¶δйľ֣ݷͬˣ
󡭡𡭡Ӷ촽Ļһף˰ԵйضԵһ岻֮£Ψһˡ
޴𣡣һѪĺеĿ־壬Ȼ졣


1742 
㻹ϵϷ򣡡ģӰƽ߶Уٴ𶯣˺
ݲģӰ˿ıϳģǷͨɣһֶھѹ
½˵еľ֮ͬͬ˺ٿ֪ǵòΪ֮޴Ĳ죬ټΪϢþӰģ˿壬ôͬΪߣҲѱ˴˿Էò
˵Ⱥд֮ͬ
仰ﴫɲǣһ󣬺һأʧȥ׵ߣȻһƬѪɢС
⣬ɱһˣһ˦ҪմȾϢ˦תĿڴ˵һɨ
Ŀɨлߣ׷һݷ⣬˷׷˫һ˵ϲ
߽ҪأǿԼվӣ˫ȵĲȴȻﵽܳܵļޡ
ݷɫһƬ԰ףĺ鲻ϵֳ˲Ͱ͸޵ĿɨУݷ䣬ѹϣòĤݣеĽȴǲȥ£
˿̲ڷ֮ȫѪͷڼѹһ㡣
С޵޴˫֣վգĿɨ·ݷϡ
ڱѹ£ܼ֣ѵˡϧ㲻Ǳһϧ̾ĿݷջصɲǣݷһѪҲ޷ܣһ˵ϡ
ּϢɫ԰пЦ˵ֿ֪ٵֿȥԼɣɫһ
ڹһڴϵϣҵȥҵ뿪ⶴ磬ŵ̤롭
޴̧ǸһȻһץǵһһ¶ľò
ڵڵһʯ£Ĺ˸ɢĹâ
ףߣһںʱΪʸȡѰϷȡߣ޴ƽУƱһ֮ץסֱӷٽޣǰʧһתһգӰ
ûȥʱǸ飡޵ȥƻǣ
ֱ뿪ܾã߲ɫӵվӣ֮½ݷҧ̧ͷȥգɫΪ
һ죬ҲΪ𣬳Ϊʮ̫ݷսȭͷ
һƬĬã߳̾ͷһܣɫΪ
ˣҵﻮļƻѾûгɹĿܡбʤİգڡҲ޷ȥɡ߻ڡ
һ·ûͬʱ֣ԼַŵƲ֪޴Ĵڡ
һ޴ȥĿľȻˡݷܳΪһںĵӣǹһڽ֮޶ͣȻߣּ޼
ƾż򵥵ʵܳʮ֮˾š
˵ûӦþ޴ȻڶֽĳЩ飬½ˣضΪ֣Ŀһ
ϵįⶴǧѪ֮壬ֶȻǻįĴУӶ޴ע⡭ݷ˫¶˼֮âڡ
޴ȥҪǳΪĥʯͷĥ֣ǰ˵ø飬û京壬ûȥôôԶҲ޷뿪ȫҪڴ˵أݷ̧üģ
ǿУ޴ߣ˿ǰлͷһңң֮ǵķһ˿͡
Ǽߣϧȷ֮ˡ֪Ƚϣ˭һЩӦǴ˰ɡҡͷǰȥ
˵ϥڤޱϣ˫ĿպϣˣһУأˣȴһоֵ
Ҳ֪˶ãȻ˫ۣĿкһ³һ
ǹһ֮ˣǿѾӰұƳȫҲõ˲Ѱҵ֮еʱˡ
꣬㵽˭ֳĬڤޱһģٶ̼ӿ죬ǰһ֮£ʧǿա
ʱȻɽ֮⡣
վӣڤ޺վĬ˺ܾãǿУӰ⣬âҫȴһֹ¶ɪĸо¹ţĻ꣬ڱ
죬һӡ̾ǰһȥӰһ磬ֱӶȥɲǾͳڣ뵽ɽ磡
ָոսɽǿ޴𻺻߳һһ˦̤ɽȥӰģһƬΣǾǰҲ˿ᷢĴڡ
̤һɲǣĿǰ֣ȴͻȻŲһ٣͵ת˫¶⣬Ŀ磬ɲǶԼ
Ŀ޲һ
ĳһ·ôֻĮ̺һɱ
޴Ŀ¶֮âϸְ죬ûпڣҲû
ĪǻҪĳƳɣЦ̧ǰȻһӣһߵԴںһγɵĿʱХߣ籩ɨǰȥ
籩УĿ˸ĶǰޣȷûκζߺȻתһ̤ɽС
ʵûв޴ĸ棬ֻԸǻʱҲͰˣոմ뿪ֹ˼߰и棬ʶڴ˿̣ͻȻתڣ䲻֮£˸棬пܱթ
ֱӰʧ޴ȻһЦ¶֮ɫ
СһԸŵ˫ĿӦ̺ĳͨһп˫֮ˣַŵĴ
ܼⷽ򵥣̸ϸʵȴΪʵá΢΢һЦıǻٶŪһ㶡
УҿİԵתУҿǸ⣬ҿĹ㣡
ҿĽ֣ĺֻܲǣѡ֮ˣ壡ӣ֪߱߱޳Уǰȥ͸ӽƣɽ硣
ɽ죬ɫд˿һƮ֮ͬƣưƽĿ
һƬ֮ɫԶɽ丣һķؼ䣬ź顣
Уصɽ磬ε⣬ûע⵽ֵĹһΣ֮ǰչصɽϡ
գɫн˼뱯ÿһһ죬ԼһЩʲôҲԼæµԼ벻


1743 λеҸ
£һжƽȴ޷Լǡ
ֵһеһ졭ֿɬĵͷϥһԡ
˿ɽϣ޴ƽվĬĬĿ֡
ϥºĺһ̧һץǹ֣ȫڡ
Ըһ죬Լӱκ˿ֻԼһˣһ죬ĬĬĶȹ
ɽգεһƬⲻ֪Ӻδ٣ɢҫŴأâȣҲů
ڵɽ壬ܺǰǹУ̧ͷգáá
ܿ죬ҽȥ½һа취ѡңҡҵĳŵҪҲҪܵİƽУ˼
ָоԼⶴʱ䣬ˣܿܿ죬пܾ뿪ȥİ½
һȥİĵطܶ࣬µһӶܼįĽڤڤе飬Ĺ¶һЩԳܵס
죬һӡ㻹ǵôּǲסԼͣǲסԼȴǵǧǰĽ죡
һ죬ǣÿһеĽգһĬĬĶȹɱԼǣӶĵףߣǱչУһĬ껪š
ʱһ˺žƣľȼһȴܲΪУ˼¶ɪȡȫ¼ҵľƣҲɢ˰㣡
ҽĽ񣬶Բ𡭡ֳĬǹڣȡһƣ¡
ֶûа취ȥ𡭡һӣȥմȾκ飬Ϊȥ֪Ĵۡҳܲס
ǧǰһ죬ħ⣬һȵǱУᣬ
ǰеĽŲͣ٣תͷһʱ֪ȴһӵӰ
ӰŮˡ
ʹһںƺڵҾƣһԺٴһ
Զ޴ĬĬֵıӰǱӰ͸Ĺ¶įҲΪ֮ݡ
ٵȵȣٵȵҡò˶ãһֺ´ھƣǾˮϣһ˦ǱףһƬĹȻǰ
Źײ˯ŰĽֵУ¶ͣģȴǴʹͬһ봩͸ȥ
ĽãĴ򿪱׵ĸӣֲţײڣĽ
Ľϣţеʹ糱ˮһıû
ֵУˮˮĽϣ鿪Ⱦʪ
һƻ겻ˡҲûУһƻغδ˭УֶҪȡأ˭ૣƺٴκݺݵĺһڣǾˮ۽½еˮڣɬУ¸ڣ
׿ƺȻ̧һָüģͬʱְĽüģ˫ɲǼϡ
ãλǧ꣡ĹȻŤǹӷֱӻûֱüģʧӰ䣬ֵ̾ͱһƬŨŨڣһС
޳ĬɫиӣһЩ˿̧̾Ƭֵһ㣬ʶʱֳһ˿ڡ
֣ϷҪ㣬Ҫ˽һУΪѡģΨһĵӣػתػҵһҪ֮ˣб˫ۡ
˫Ŀϵɲǣ˴˿ڵλУǸܵı
ǻ谵ģԶܿĻյһƬӳաɱʿײĺ
վգеãȻɢعͷԶħķĵš
ãĿеؼ䣬ХһһŮǰŮţɫ԰ףӸҡҡ׹Ůụ̈ҫ紺ӣƮݣĽ
ͷ棬һа׷ǰŮӡ
СӣСʮˣѾһһɱ㻹ܵȥء䣬̧ǰһӣ֨һУĽ˺룬¶
ĽľУַǰһ£ĿŨ
ʱĽһ۾Ϳ֣˿㲣ΣֺʱϳԷЩ졣
㣡ʦ־ң˵䣬̵ת˲Ϣԣ¶밧֮ɫһҧź촽ɿ˵˫ŵĳϣ֪Ӻδ֪һö뵤ŲϧǱѩ֮ˣ͸뵤ҪֳӪȡ
ֻǣﻹû˵꣬ȴͻȻһ£Ϊִ˿̴͵΢ЦĿԼĿ⣬ͬڿǧеİˣĿ⣬Ľģ֪Ϊβһ¡
㡭ĽҪڣԶ¶ЦȻҲ֣ȴûзϣ˿̧ǰһָʱа˰ѷɽûתͬһֱֶȥ
Ļ̌Ȼһѽ䱧סĽ˫¶߷֮ɫɲǣ̧ͷһٵİ˰ѷɽǷɽаꡣ
һ֮£ǰ˰ѷɽŤȻ꣬ĿһѪĿеĿ־ոУȻһ֮һ˺ǰ
һУɲǼ䰲ĽһУֱڻ˼Ŀš
ʦʦ֡㡭ãĽŷӦɫ̲԰ףֵĿǴηӡ
ĽĿ⣬ֵĴʹһ£ɿ֡
ҽֵ֡УĽ̺ˣֱɳ⣬ͣ٣ͷӵĿĿһۣǷлתȥ
ĽԱסӰ¶ĵ΢ЦֻЦµĿɬ˼ˣ
Զ޴ĬĬһУģһҲʹ֣ϵ΢ЦĬ
һʲô˼뱯λȥѰҸ̾
վ΢ЦֱĽӰʧˣ˫ۣܵһУȫϢٴ˫Ŀʱɽ磬ɽϣڿŹײ˯ŵĽ
ղɫǻҹĻҹĻдһλðԲ£Ӱһ
ӰһСһŮ


1744 Ѱң꣡
ҹĻе紵ֵİ׷ƣӭȥǷᣬ֣ͬڸвɣס
һǧꡣ
һҹϡһҹߡһҹĽ飬ƽûйµ
Ƿ紵ַ˿ͬʱҲ˱ϣ˯ŵĽ˿У
ڵ˿ŹľڱڣҲҪӭ𣬵գȴʧȥƮˡ
ֱɫŨУֿԶɽɫУһϵӰӰɫԱߣһŮӡ
Ůӣٻ÷
⸸Ůƺܾ֮ǰֵΣĽϵᡣֿȥʱŮ丸׵ӰתɫУ˽Զ
ֻǱӰҲ˹¶ŮӵӰˡ
ֱۣû˵κλһҹĽûбˡ
ҹ֮󣬱߷ĳ֮ĻɢһЩʹô˳ɫڶֹâ˿̣˫ۣűڵĽһۣǧꡣ
ҡૣ̧ǰһӣǱ׻һƬĹɢǰصߺӭͬĺһ
Ѱҵʱˣ߲ʵˣսϹˣҲӦñ˴˶ҵһЩĿһ૿ڡ
ɽǿУԤĴսھ֮պ󣬲ûзѰҵ꣬˿ƺڣ˴˽󷨣Ưͷľ޴«緢
ָɢ֮󲻶ϵ䶯˻ǰС·һƬƬǿգ߹һƯĴ½ƺڣƶȥ
սϹһĬĬ棬˫Ʊĳƽ⣬˴˸Ԥ
֮ĴսͷƯĺ«緢ͻȻ˷֮£Ȼγһ޴Ӱ
ӰˣһͷȮһޣ룬ȫɣ˿վǿգͷ­˦ʶĳϢ
Ƭ̺͵̧ͷ˫׹⣬һԾ֮¾ʹĴսͷֱǰ
֮£Ĵսȫһ񣬼ٸȥսϹ˫۾һڴ֮ɫһȥ
Ǿ޴ǰУϵϢǰһƯ½⣬ͣӣǴ½ͺ
ĴսȻٽɿ̤½ϣʶɢ½ȫڣϸ
սϹ̤ͬ½ϣʶɨܿüͷ
½Ȼϳ˷棬Ȼںܾúܾ֮ǰڣдķ˾ס
£ȴһʧУ½ڣûκ飬һƬţΨвһЩϢ
ĴսĿһ˴˿˿ͬʱ˫һɻĲƴɢ籩½ɲǼ䣬ĲҽлУ籩ɢ£½ϴ˿̴ڵȫ
ڻ֮˿һϢ½ƮɢӿǾ޴޿Уպ󣬴ͷһΣ뿪ǰȥ
Ҳǡ
˵ǣͣɣȻУ˵ĵ꣬йֻء
յֻϢԽ࣬Խжϳڣһ·ѾΣӦÿˣ
Ĵս໥˿ĵ뿪Ĵ½ޣٽƺıԵͨ죡
սϹں󣬶ǰޣĿ˸
ӣĪǵ죡ʱ࣬죬ô꣬ˣޡ
һ飬УһƬ߲ʹâһ㷭߲ǰ߲ʵüͷĿڵһξӨѪҺӡ
⣬ѰÿһǿաÿһǣÿһûзŹ飬ûа뷢֡
ĬУ߲ʵ̧ͷĿ˼
ǵƺѷڣԼǻлڣǷ飬ȴ޷жϣԷͣǴ͸
Ϊؼʱִ̣˻ǿк
뵽߲ʵɫΪĶֵĺޣҲ
ûǻþ֮£εĽڽս۵ѪҲҵ꣡ûУôұȥٺӣĴȫѰ꣬ҾͲ껹뿪ⶴ˲ɣ߲ʵֱٺ
ǰУʼնѪѪһ·ûκα仯߲ʵף̺Ѫⶴֻа仯һַǶֻأô̾ͷɢĿâ
ֻﷶΧֻʣһΣҪķ߲ʵ˴ʱ䣬Ѿ£ʱ˵ν
˿У߲ʵֱӾٺӣʼܵѰҡ
Ѱ£꣬޷أò˶ãⶴأͻᱻƿ
ͬѰģ֣
ϥɽϣʶȻɢɽɲǣһɽڣһľʵĸ¥Уҵˮ
ҲˮɽڣŮƽš
£ˮЦźָΪϵһЩ֮ͨʴӱܶࡣ
޵֮ˣ⣬ģһΨġСˮ˵ţȻ˫Ŀһ̧ͷգӣƬ̺վӡ
ΪЩҪȥ˵ţˮǰһȥ˻һӰʧⷿڡ
丸ʧķ¶һ˿ǣĬƬ̣̾б˫ۣƽĴ
ɽ壬˿̲ƻˮӰû˳
ˮʦ֣Ѱһ꣡վӣˮһȭ
ˮĬߣɫдŸӣãڣ֪ҵݡ
ˮ˵ͷ
߲ʽ磬ûҿѰҵ˴𰸣ʵϣҵˣ֪Լֻһԭûа¸㡭޷ڣԼҲϡˮ˫ۣϥǰ
ְɣҲ֪ʲôһᾡȫ㣡ˮૡ
ֻ֪ˮʦ֣˭Ҳ²ⲻʦַģΣҲһǣ
ҵ꣬һֽɱȡӡ̧һüģüУ֮ǰȥĹͻȻû⼱ͼ䣬̻һԼʮɴСľ޴ƯڶϿա
ǹֱˮſڣ˲Ϣ̾ͽɣ
ڶ˱ɵһɲǣˮͬʱը죬ʶ뵽֮ǰ߲Ƿѵһɲǣ
Ѱң꣡


1745 
뵱߲ʵ˻лƣһεĻþˮΪֽʩչȥ׷Ѱڹеࡣ
þУѪɫģҲһƬɫƱѪ͸ɢ̱ǵѪζѪ̫Ũˣһ̾͸оһ֮ǻؿڣ˱һʯѹţ
ȥֿһƬʬ壬ϣȫʬһ߾ߣǲ֫ϱۡ
ϡͷ­Ȼ̺ǰ־˫ĿԼͫбӰһģӰ
Ӧ˵һĻʹӦǽ̻Իͣ˿ȴѪմȾΪĹ
һԶĳɢУֿԶһǱУһѪµӣһŻ۵ߣɫ͸ɱ
֮һȫҵĻңգˮһһȫֱӱѪɢմȾϣϡ
ͬʱվͷͻȻٵ罣⣬Ϲʿ̤Х֮춯أɲǾٽʹϿա
ɾٵһɲǣ͵̧ͷ˫¶ĺâǺâһ֮¾ʹ˫ĿֱӷɳһɫպһʿֱӴ͸
˲Ϣ䣬ɫ䣬ʿһȻȻ
ૣܣѪɫӣ¶
ֻǵһػþڵˮ̧ŲŵѾճѪȥ
һһѪȾ˴أɢѪȣˮĳޣŨĻɢ㡣
ң죬ң߱ɣˮһɱ̧ͷձʿϣɱ¾
ҪѪɺӣҪһиֻ֮ɱ٣ˮڻص͸ķ
߽һѪµˮӰͬ˵ټҵѡǱӰΪɪ¶ܴñȴûκο֣еģֻǱ꣬һɶ죬Եأһޣ
ʦ֡ڡ
仰ﴫɲǣˮ͵תѪ˿˫Ŀ̺Ķ֣ĿⶢţټܵѪζɱ¾֮ˣһ۾ͻ˲ѡ
ûУˮɱ¾죬ɱ¾ͬˣǣһˣ
֮飬Ϊ˶ԷսľģΪһ㣡
ˮǳɱ¾˫ۣ岻סֿ֣ˮ˫ĿҲֻɱ¾˫۾ֿʹ࣬˱˼
һ統ñԼ
ǻþģҲǼٵģﲻǵսᣬʦ֣ǽڶػþڣˮ
ˮĬֱߵߣı˫ۣȴˮ£ˮϵѪ۳кۼӾӨгΪ˻ǣ˳գ˵ϣѪһ塣
°ɣôվˮǰ˫ַˮļϣڡ
ãˮ˵ͷſɬϥ£ĺһ˫ۡ
ֻ֣ǵһػþô
ǵģֻǵһءͬϥ£ˮĿ
ʵĻþˮૣ˿ܣĿԶʹһûбĻϣǻȻƾõ£һƬɿš
ǿˮеɱ¾ɢ̾һ
ڶػþɡ
˫Ȼ쿪һ˦䣬һػþеأ̾ŤƵĺȴһ˿˿ӵѪƮɢ֫ϱת
գһػþڵһдڣȫƮɢЩѸһԼˮϿգۻһ޴Ĺ
ǹֱɶ
ɵһɲǣˮٴκһ޴г֣Ƕ˵ʶǣȫȫĳڣȥ֮ǰ
سһƬУⶴĺ֮أ࣬ͨĶ֮ţ
˿̣֮أⶴеۡڣſǣ촫磬Ҳʱ򣬻û
һĻƺѷ߲ʵ˵Ļһһ
ǵŭУ˱ɢͬʱǴ߲ʵ۵߲ɫ͸Ӻһ£߽⣡
ȫ˺飬ڵһԪǽǣӱɲǣ˷Ȼɢȥ
һΣ߲ʵ˻þͬһΣʩչʩչԴȪʶһУ֮һҪ٣
ȿģǣ
ɫ߲ʵɫȻϣɫ߲֮Ǽɢȥֻڣ
һǣΪ֮ɫɱ̺߲һɱ¾ǳ⣬ԩЩԩȫ߲ɱ˿УЩɱɵԩ꣬ȫǳ֮գĿâֱԶǿնȥ
һУָܵˮϢǳ֮ɢǿսֻصһɲǣֿˣһڣ۳һģӰӰǡˮ
һǣΪɫ˸䣬̺߲ɵʣ߲޳ӵпսΪʱȻˣɳ֮Ϊ콾
˿ɫĻǼԶȥϣȴһΣܵһϤϢϢ䣬
ɫɢҪֻصɲǣֿˣɫڣģֵӰӰȻǡ˾ͽϣ
ѹ˾ͽϵ˾ˣΪʱ̶ڱ仯ԭ߲һУ˵ǣ
ǣΪɫǳɫĹâͣȴһڣ˿˸Уһɫв߲һУٴڵ֪
֪ǣȻһȻΪػĳ˻һ᲻һУջҲ޷а㶯ģ
ɢֻصɲǣ𾪵ĿģӰϡأ
ΪɵۣΪ磬һδջ󣬸˱ҲҪػ磬һһУΪǵǣ
еǣ
Ϊɫâҫǿӳڣһ㣬ͻɫ߲һĻԵˣֻ֮ˣһضʣ޷֮
ˣǵ֮컯һ㣬ȥ֮ضԶˣбж
⼯߲˶صǣɢֻе˲䣬ֿڣ̰ģӰ


1746λ
ǣɫΪ̣Ϊľ֮п֦ɢҶ֮⣬ǣ߲ıֻص֮ˣΪˣãΪʿΪ̫ߣضֽһ㣬ó֮
âۣ΢ɢǿֻڣȻǿɢһ˲ڳֵģӰ
ɢˡૣ𺳣ǧۻһ
ǣΪɫĹâ͸ֲͬĸоһΪˮᣬһΪĺ䣡
ɫĵǣ߲һ߲֮ʵһӣΨһĵ£ȴֻзɺһˡ
黯ĵǣ̺߲ĸŷɺΣͬȴǺŴŮⰮ޽УҲ˲ͬ
ǣӣһŮӣ
ŮӣϴϢ䣬͵̧ͷȥ¶޷֮ɫôҲû뵽ȻҲ߲
ǵɢУ¶ģӰӰ̺Įᣬڸ֮нĮڸǣ˵ĸоǱ䣡
ľüɫ԰ףϳģӰ˭ȥһ棡
ľüŮнһ˵һδεֻأ֮飬֮УǸӣ
Ƿ룬ԳΪĸ壬˴֮価ܻһЩϵȴܵ΢ɲ죬겻ڣɢֻ糣һ㣬һδεֻǧء
ǣΪɫΪ񲣬Ϊ֮ɫɫĵǣ߲ǰһķŭ񣬻ŨŨĲʣ
죬޵أǸŮӣһ⣬ȴһɱ֮ˣֱǹɷŭҲ޷ɢںϳǣ
ǣɢģһƬǣ߲ŭ޷ڣֻ֮ˣ˭
ָоֻ֮ˣ
֮˵Ḷ́ƻʵϾһɲǣ˿һһɢȻѰҵĵꡣ
߲ıɢȥȻ򼲳۶ȥһ꣬һ־߲ʹâ˸ȥºĽ⣡
߲ʵˣ߲һͨ
ڶ꣬Х෴ķ򼲳ֻۣУһδεֻ£ĳһ죬ֻسڣһֻΪѰޡ
ļѣȫѺһգһ˱ߣһӰڵǿϡ
ߣսϹ
ʧܣȫãԪȻ֮УЦ䣬һֻ˫¶֮âޣԼ
⣬սϹԵ
һУֿˣ
ǿ˵꣬ɵԶХʹⶴ֮طɳֱǿվͷûаԥչһٶȣȻ׷ȥ
׷һΣû߲ʵˣţһҪҳ꣬˭
ܸоڣѾ֮
ǵХ䣬ٺӶڣͣ٣ѰֻϢ֮ء
ָںʩչȫٶȣǿǵ꣬˻һƬǣûκӰڣȻԼ겻ͬûֻ֮ǰ޷ӣ
Х䣬һĵͣȴǲ֪ΪΣûѡ˸
Ҳ֪˶ãʼոںǵ꣬һȦٶȻһ죬һȻ뿪飬ȥƺ
˫¶⣬ʱ䣬²⵽߲ʵˣ꣬ûпȥƺʱԼϣ份ѣ
Խô룬ֲ֪ΪξԽкȻðһɺ⣬ɺһͻȻͷ
꣬һȦʲôֻǣڤڤиܵº߲ʵַѰңʶʱ䡭ҡҡͷͷѹ£ԼҲ뷨δ̫˼
ǵХȥ˺ƺƺһϣһţָĿ⾼ǡ
ţĳһ꣬ǱƬ½ɢǱɢܣһƬϣһһưâգֱ
ɫһչȫǰâٴ׷ȥѾѰҵ˵ֻصĺۼҪҵģ޾ºڣֻس˭
Ƿˣʿǻľֻɻһޣ
׷ѰĴڣֲ֪ȥ˶ã˵һδֻأһΣֻسһ
·Ǹӣֻ飬ջȡ˹ֱһ˲âϵĶͷɢһεֻء
Ů
һΣֻسһòǧУֱή
һΣֻسΪһʿʿΪߣһֹڽᵤԪϾ
תֱһֻУѡڵһǣϤ𾪵ķ֣ȸǣ
ڿɲǣֵ𶯣֪һǲսᣬڿȸǵһ˲䣬²⵽ʲô
ȸǣһˣˣһû޵һȴǼΪҫΪԹĴ壡
֣յ
棬ûпԼ𺳣ȴˣ֪ԼΪʲôεдڶԷ֪ΪεڣԷԼΪӡ
¹ţ֮䣬һֻµֻǣҲֻ˹
Ѿɣڿֻسյһ˲䣬ȴã
ãУϲյЦȥǵİâƮǿһθı˷һΣȥ֮
𶯣ʱһֻأѾԽԽ
ŵ꣬ڣ˻뵽һڣֻسΪһˮеǣǣ
ˮϷߣ·һжȹֱ
ǣһεһû뿪ǣٴֻسˮڣһ
һδεֻأѡͬһڣڵȴʲôֹֿϤǣģһģز²⡣
ֻٴΣۿǵ꣬ͬһڣٴεֻضһΣ̵㣬ǵֻصһҧס㹳Цק
ƺֻ٣ȵģ̣ȵģһ
ٲֻһͻؼң


1747 ꣬
ק¶ңȴһʮĺӣ⺺Ĳ࣬Щɫȴ͸ѣǴߣƵġ
̧ۣĶϣ۳âϡһ
΢΢һЦʢˮ߹ڣ߹ޣȥ
ֿһĻǲ²Ĵǰл㱣ĬУӣֻԼһʱӵڣһǼ򵥵ᡣ
ľΧһԺӣԺлһЩݷΧһŶӵŮӣʳ
ŮӴ£ȴڸǲס毺õգ˿һЦڵʳץɢ
ʱ˺ŮӱһһְϣͷԼˮ̧ף⣬ڵȴԼ˵Ĺ
˿ⲢĿʱڵĽŲǢŮ΢Цʢ
ضҵһ㡣Ųͣ֨һűƿ߹ޣЦ˽
ֻͻȻ㣬Ҳ͹ȥˣѽŮ¶ᡣ
ӹһЦǰסӣһͬ뷿䡣
󣬴ϸߣԶԶһ˿续Ҳһ԰֮
ֵӰƯڣһУĬףһΣǵ꣬һֻˡ
ҹɫ䣬ƵУˮ£ϣϣžž֮
أĻбӵһʱʵ磬·ֵһɲӳա
ڴŶӵŮӣ˿ڴϣʹ˫ץű죬Ա߻һš
⣬һȣҹ֮꣬ס˫ȭȴǰĵĽ¶
ʱȥŮѲԽӶУʹɫû˿仯ֻ˫¶˾⣬̧ͷŴĺɫĻ
л׶飬֪Ϊʱ츣һգչٺӲ˽Թʮ꣬ûκ֮£
죬ӽοΪӣֺݺݵĴһԵϣѪ˳ָ£ڵ棬һƬ˿ˮ嵭
ѪˮɲǣУһӤӷͻȻȫһȵɫ̱ȡ͵תʱű򿪣ź䤱ȴŴ΢ЦһӤ߳
ϲлӣĸƽ
ӼǰһۺӺ󣬱뷿䣬ںӣӣֻ䴲ϣŮɫ԰ףȴ΢Ц
ǸкŮڡ
ضϢѾˣкĻͽл࣡ϣ㣬ͦгףɴˣӹЦ
ЦУűŵӤҲٿ˫ۣ֮â˸
ڵܰ꣬ӵЦУ˿ƯڷȻԺصȫսͬʱһ֮£ڵĻ⣬¶֮ɫ
֮ǰģĲ²⣬˿²ⱻ֤ʵ󣬶籩һ㡣
һ˲䣬ڵЦǰһƬģĶߣֻһڻء
л࡭л࡭л࣡
꣬л࣡
ſҪ˵Щʲôȴ֣ԼȻ֪οڣһƬңˡ
׷ѰǰҲ²ݣ뵽ԷǷˣʿֲҲû뵽꣬Ȼл࣡
Ȼǣĵӣ
ɫ԰ףӲϵغˣǵһ֪ݵˣ֪ȴһѵѡ
ɱǲɱ
غң绮ˮƷпˮ飬趯
ԶҲǲˣϣԼѰãѯ˵ش壬ʲôǵ
֮ˣʵл࣬ҲǴˣԼǸʱͻơ
ǲˣǵɽϣԼϥлྡȻȻԷԼǰ£һ
һ֪ףѧһУԽ̻ΪΣʱ֪ͣȴͻȻԭңһˮ֮㡭
仰ǵлɽʱ˵ĵһ仰仰ʱţֻǰ漸䣬һ䣬ûϸĥ
ǸʱҲûκȥĥһ仰ͷҼȥ˼ˣҲɲκδ𰸣ֻữѰ
˿̣׷ѰһδֻУǵĺӵڣڿ˵ٴεֻΪ֪лһɲǣٴλ仰ܲ
ԭңһˮ֮㡭͵̧ͷǳܰƻᣬɬԺилһ仰ˡ
ΪεڣյյָΪԹȸϵĴ壬һУΪԼ֮Ƿ֣㿴õ
е㻯л࣬Ϊӣ߲꣬£Ϊ
ҲˣεУյ֡
ʵУҵӣεڣӣѭΪһֻأײǡ˺һһ£غձ˺Ƭظе֣ͬȫɢˮؼֻʣһᣬ͸ܰҸĻ⡣
˺˵ڶŲ̤µɲǣǰᣬʱһƬŤƳ޾Ӱζ˷ֲݶģȫʧɡ
ֵӰҲ֮ģʱˮһػþڡ
ˮ˫֣̾һ
ϵĿɬɣΨԼĻ˳˵µɲǣһػþˮʹⱻѪɫȾأȻ
ⳡ˻ʹ˴գͬϵкɫѪȫһĻĩϿγһ޴УкתԽԽ죬˲䣬̱һ޴ĹǹУˮɶ
ɲǼ䣬ͽڣɢޣһУȫɢڣþ
硣
ɽ硣
ɽ֮ˮͬʱ˫ۣŵһУͬһΣʵ˷ֲ١ɫ԰ף̧ͷգ¶
꣬


1748 
ɽķ磬ϣʱܵ
鸴֮ʱƮɷ磬Ҳ޷֮⡣
ˮͷһۣĬƬ̺û˵ǰ̾ȥݣȻҲ֪ˣֻ֪أ֮Ĺϵֵ
ֱˮߺɽϣɽ죬ɫеûɢ
ֲ֮ˣôֻԥľһзҲãӡҲãҲգֹںϺǱˡ
˿̣Ȼлֵ࣬ĵӣһɱԼĵӣֵģʹ
֮һ̾ҹĻʱջյĿ⣬ɻ޷ԼȥģѾ˴𰸡
ֻǣ⣬֣ȻãԭӦֱ࣬ģ
һ֣֮ǰӵһսУֻأ֮ǰ߲ĵǣ
߲Ǹոշʱֿǵǡֱ˫ۣڸסͫڵĳ˼֮â
ҿǽֻɢǵĵȷȷֻһΣǵֻһĳһѰֻ֮ʱɡ
߻Ϊɫ߲ʵķŭ̡ӦںΪһ壬Ӻڤϣȴָоڣû߲ĵǣ͵˫ۣںһ
ҵĸо󵹺ú˵һҵĸоȷģڣûеǣôǣģֻ˭üͷ
֮ǰ޷ĴսսϹʱҾͻɻǲ˿Ҳ²棬ôҲ֤ȷ
һݡٵһݣǵǣѵӣзûɣ˫ͫȻ
Щһӣ

ɽϣֳĬãһţûд𰸡ڶȣȻڶֵ⣬гַ˼
֪ǣˮ˾ͽ̰ǡءľüɢˡˮ˾ͽ߲֮ǣû⣬Ϊ˵֮꣬ûгֻڣ
˵ֻ֮꣬ȴǴڣ⡭Ȿж߲֮ǵķ˿һȴìܣüģ벻ס
ֻ֮꣬˵ⶴڷܵȻܳΪ߲֮ǡ棬⣡
̧ͷɽҹĻ¶˼̧üģƵڻӵڤޡ
벻ͨԼָоҪпǽ߲ںϵշ
ٻþڿһвʵ޷͡
ҿ棬˪˵ȷ֮һôֻڵ֮޷͡۳Ѫ˿·ǽ뵽һ֮У޷ף޷߳
ֵԶ޴˫ۣһֱڹ۲֣λȸǷŵѰҵ꣬ȥһС
뵽һ˼ѭڣʱ޷ףʵ£ܼ򵥡̧֣Ȼһָ
һָ֮£ͻȻһδ޵ĴڣһɲǣȴǺһ˺˼һͷ
Ǳ˫¶֮âһɲǣԺһƬǰδеһ飬޷ӹ˼ת
Ҳã̰Ҳգľüɢˣ˻ʱֻ˾ͽˮһû֮ڣ
һδεֻתУһı仯˳Ϊĸ壬߲ѾȫһǵıԴ߲ʣı仯£ѾΪĶ֮ˡ
һδεֻأһδεĸı䣬һδεںϣڣ߲Ȼ׵Ļ־룬߲֮ǣǲǣ
컯֮ǽӽصĵǱˣ£ģ鷢ૣ˼ļΪͻȻȴΪ俪ã
ˮ˾ͽȴǻû£ȫĸıΪĸ塭ٹ꣬мֻ֮Ҳջ컯£ͬһ㣬߲𳹵׷
е˼һⶼ˼Ȫӿһ
ڴڵȻܸıǣôӦҲԸı꣬ܰƿأͿõһ޷ں֮£
ںϣһӭж⣡ֻǣʲôּԺҲ޷صĺġ
˵˽Լƿصγ֣οԷܱ
ԺеҹĻױߣĴɢԶޣ̾һ
֮Ī˵Ҳкܶط޷ֻеԵɺϣΪ֮ʱԶһЩҪȫ͸ҵΪٽһ˫¶֮â
Ѱٽһĵ·ֻ˿ֻƾһδεĲòתʱ˼̫񾳣̫񾳵£֪£Żȫס̧ĿʳָϣһɫԲӡǣһڶתţɢһϢ
峿âɢ˺ҹǵһԶ߻ɢʱֹͣ˼ĺһվӣ̧ͷ䣬Ŀ¶˸ӣһȥӰ糤ӣһɲֱȥ
һ̣Ӱǳԣ˲Ϣͳ忪ĻӴǿ죬һζȥ
ƻصУӰޣʧʱȴȻɽ⣬վǿС
һǬ
֮ûɢʶǱ˫ۣлĵӣл֮ϵƾϵʶҲԸܵԷĴڡ
ã˫Ŀתͷ򶫷иӸŨܵˣл࣬춫һڣڵԼһ
㣬ڵô̾ŶȥӰޣ֮ɢӰ
ʱ˿̣ڣĴսХǰУǰǾ޴޻ζͷвϵѰң˫¶Ĺ⣬Ѿҵһ˿
սϹĴս󣬴˿еĹâŨ޵ɫ͸¶Ϣף
ͬٺ߲֮ʵ̤룬ұٺӣû˿˿̿ʼ죬ܵѰ


1749 ֣
򶫲ããǺڣһǣǲ󣬾ӵȴŨһѰǡ
ʿһδεĴսУʣ٣Ǵᵤ֮Ҳķˡ
һе죬紵أݻƵҶؼһƬɽ֮䣬һĹȡ
ǹڳֻ쿪ţ㲻ŨУһ˿ɪζ
ÿ죬ɽڵţֻʢҲֻвһﺮ֮ʱȫήֱѩǸǣֱɽʧںƮУȴһǸյĺ
˿̣ɽڵУһ
һƬһᣬƾɣȻƾõ£ǧǰˣסš
⣬һߣߴ£ƣĬĬǰ¶ꡣ
ɽڴʹõϵҡڣǷǴߵϣ֮ߵļƲԷ
ƬݻƵҶȻɽȵϿƮ裬һҶ˳ǰһɲУڸ߿Ŀ⡣
̧̾ͷͻȻҵĿòƽϢɫĺ󣬿Ǳ紵ŵҶɫУ̺˲ᡣ
쵽ˡƬҲû˶˶ãǾͻήȥֻʱǻʢʱңѾǿšҡͷ̧֣ԼģһӡǣӡǵͬɢĹ⡣
ЩӡҲѾˡΪʦһˡૡ
Ľ죬ҡҪֻˣĿѡʦô̧ͷڡ
֪ˡûлͷɬĵ˵
ӹⴵ磬˿̻𣬴ǼƬҶֱգԽɽȣԶȥˣֻߣһӰȴվߵͬǰ֪ǿˣǿһġ
֣һ£վ
ߵͷվӣת֣¶ӣɬջƽģڣããĹ
л࣬ݼʦ𡭡
ֿл࣬˴ʹƱеѪҺ˴˿л״̬
߲꣬ҡңл࣬лڡ
Ϊʲô㡭ɫһֱ԰ףлྡûнӴ̫ãԷʮһֵĵӣ
ʦ𡭡л̧ͷ֣ʪ
ӵļ䲿֮ѡӱܣййʡЩԼһףңл࡭Ҳ߲յл¶΢Ц૿ڡ
߲ĵ꣬һļ䣬һжʦá֪¼䣬һꡢڶ꣬ĴսѰҡ
Ĵս߲ܵ£ЩҲ͸ı˼Ѱҵ꣬ҲĿġ걻еһҵӲɵˡ
ʦ߲лӲ
ֻأҲûáô꣬Ѿĩ·ֻ꣬м䣬ûͨûи򣬻ǿȴûбԼ
ñɣ͸ʦ𡭡лɬૡ
ֳĬĴʹУվȴ̤뺮Ǵ̹ǵĺȫʹ
֮ǰˮԴǣɱ꣬Աˮȫ˿̣⻰ⲻǸ֮ʣɱ֮
лʶһĻĻԺи֣һĻĻ棬ڼڣ˿ȴô
֣飡
ʦ𣬵Ѿ׼ҲһںϣʱԶλҾܸܵȻ׷룬µǣǻ۶ǣҲܸܵʦΪҪ֮ˣҲ겻Ҳǻ
Ҳ߲һʦл֣¶
ЩڵѺһ֮ӡһӡҿӡ£һ겻ֻأʦԽߡ
ʱȫѣд򿪶֮أƿţʦ뿪ⶴ硭
µӡΪʦ׼ӡƿ֮ͨشŵһ̣ͻȻӿ½֮ӡʦȥӡڶ꣬꣡
ˣһжƽϢˡл˵ţͻȻſţһѪǰϣȾ˴˻Ŀġ
Ļ̫ɣΪӡȻһС
л࣬ʼգ˵κλллѪģʹĸӾҡ
˿͵̧ͷգɫзһ
ִֻһԼˣҳΪˣΪʲôһ޷ԼΪʲôҪѡ񣡣
죬㶴죬½죬ڿô˲ʣڴ˷ģһҪ죡沿ŭɲǣȫȻͱһɰƣƿʼ˿գܿһ𣬺ȻγһõĽ˽ۣľϢ
һɲǣԶ޴ɫһⶴ磬䣡ǳ˭Ҳǰ֮˫Ŀ͵¶֮ɫ
֮ǿϢԣȻܻûϢ
л֣һͷ
ĻأһֱڵʦǰҲԥûкڡʦ֣֮СһΣһʦ𡭡лĿһǰ˫ۣµˮ¶ѵ΢Ц³һ
ȥɲǣһλ˿˿ǵ꣬ڴ˵һδֻеļ䣬лһ
˿̣лķӡǵ޷ֻأЩٵɢһȫɢлˣʧ
ⲻһΣ͵ĵͷ˿һŭŭǶУǰһȥ̤лߣ̧ǰһӣǴлɢĵ꣬ȻͱץС
ץ˲䣬꣬ȫѹһɲǣɫ䣬̷ҵĺǿһ̱Ĵһ
ǽ⣬һ˲Ҳ˾仯


1750 
̫ǳ˿ڴ¡¡ľ죬ԽԽγһƬǿոǱһƬڴһ
⣬ÿһǿգÿһޣȫˣһѹңԶĽڴ硣
ѹ£̫ǳʿȫһӾҵĲãȻ֪ʲô顣
ǿڵĺȴͬĩһ֮ˣһɼǿѹѹ£ƺϢ֮С
ޣҲˣӵжôǿΪ֮һ̣ȫӲһЩɢڴУȴļ䣬һ̣һЩԺĸ֡
䣬һֶصĿ־壬ǵ£ӦԶҲḡ֣˿̣ȴɲǣ
̫ǳľҵı仯ǿյԽԽŨ󣬼һĿߣռ˽ȫǿա
Щ̫ͻȻͲ˰㷴ӦĻᡣ
ʱڽ̫ǳĳһǿ𶯣˷ͻȻһ޴Ƭƾճ֣ЩƬʯ飬Ǽһ𣬺Ȼһ޴ʯ壬ʯ岻򣬷·ĳһ֡
Ǵлûɳ۶޴ʯϣɢһɲɣϢʯ۳ΣںХ֮£ֱڶȥ
һ̣̫ǳУ͵˫ۣĿ¶ȻһȥɲǾͳ˱ǿڡ
ԶеĺȻȡ
ѣ֮¿ɫ԰ףȴԥһΣֱڶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣǼдڹ֮ĹλȫӴоѣһȻǿգɫԲͬмиӣо֡
֮أˣƬ̺󣬴̫ǳطЩһ磬ȥڣ
ͬһʱ䣬ĴУȸ֮أͬϣ˷һУ˿̣Ĺ˸ȴȸǿһŤУһ޴ѷ챻Ϣ˺
˺ѷڣ͸һսǼϢţһƬٷɳȻ䣬ȸ⣬ЩƬ໥һ𣬻һ޴ʯ壡
ʯͬһС½֮ȻХֱ죡
ˣڣԶƬۻʯ壬Щʯֱ꣬죡
һʯĺХǰУڣѰҵ߲ʵɫ䣬͵һ̧ͷĶǰɫ͸һķŭ
꣬ҵˣĿ˭˭ҵ˵߲꣡ʵ˷ǰһȥֱǰ
ĴսҲ򣬴˿ǰǾ޴һӲ֮²ǰУţǿյĺͻȻ֣ĿϢչ¶ⶴÿһǿգ
ĴսɫȻ䣬Ǽ޷ţΪԼѰҵٶӦ죬˿ȴǺȻķ֣Ȼǰҵ˵꣡

˭ҵ˵߲꣬ʵ˲ɣ˺ԥǰ۶ȥֱǴϢ֮أ
һӰٶҪ죬ǰеɲǣӰХֱӴ͸ȥ
ǳڵģսϹ˿սϹɫΪһɿ־أûҵ꣬ô߲ʵҵȴĽ
ϧ¶ңɢʶҲ޷̫Զ޷֪˭ȡ˵꣬пܣ߲ʵˣҲпܣ˭֪
Ϊδ֪ǿ־ĸоԽŨ־Уһ㼱ǰУ˿޷ȥѡӱܣ߲ʵ˻˵꣬ҲҪǰȥŶԷḶ́ƴ
սϹǰУĿ⣬Ȼһ޴ӰӰΪ磬ڸ۾һ£ֻ¶ɭ˫ĿһͷԷƮ裬ӴޱȣڸǴƬǿա
ӰսϹ⣬߲˸֮һ
һ̣Ŷ޾дδйһ˷Χľ䣬УĻţ
ͬʱڽ̫ǳУ˺Ǳ㹭ӡĽԶԶ򾡹ܱ˴룬ɻǴһЩߵڵӡ
˿˺ɲǣЩߵڵȻУǲ˼ֱ죡
ڽڣûȥɽ磬˿ٺһϵŮӣŮٺϼͬҲ֮һĬƬ̣һҧ̤ǿա
ⲨĴ£Ƭ۵ʯ弲ۺХһ̣ڣϣΪףһڶݵԥ󣬰̾ն𣬸죡
ݷķһ˿â
֣֮ǰһսûʤǶ֮أǿԾ£
ⶴľҺ纣һٶУվһ߶ȣȥ磬Կ˵ƻΩڷΧһƬտһǸλãָ
˿̣ɽڣˮվ⣬ɽĻǵ죬һоΪꡣ
ͬɽ磬˾ͽҲӴѣɫĬĬǰ֪дʲô
ʱͻȻһϵˮ˾ͽ϶Ȼε
Ӧ֣֡ĵطûѪ޷룬Ҫ˻һáˣͬ⣡
ı˷壬ⶴӿ죡
˿̣վڵĹУ˫̲˱ŭĿŵлະһʦ𣬺Ц߾
ŭŪˣ
ⲻôұգкη̧ͷŻ谵ĻУŵ꣡
꣬лʬڳֵɲǣȻϵף֮أˣ
֪˿ǿڣ֮ȫǵĿ꣬Լеĵ꣡£ֿȥȻͬ˻߲꣬𣬶ĵл࣡
ǾһʦҲ¶⣬죬ȻЦЦһ⣡
Ϊʦڣ㶨۳ɻ꣬ѵһ죬Ѻ㻹ֵĵӣֱ˫ۣٴʱеĵ걻ڡ
һɲǣͻȻǻ谵Ļҵķ£ǿƷһŨǹŭ˰Ųϵٽ£ֿһƬ½һʯ壬ں¡Ưǿգ
ͬʱڶƬʯ壬һڣХ
Ƭ
Ƭ
Ƭ


1751 ˾
ڵ⣬˿ǿ䣬һƬƬʯХɲǼ䣬Ƭ໥һ𣬲ںϣģһ
лȱʲôɢǹɲɣϢ뾪춯صѹȴֿ֮һۣ
ʲôȥ𶯣ɫȴ糣û˿仯ֻվƽš
ܿ죬ƬʯںХǻڣأԽԽʯ٣
еģȻһ޴ţ
ţͨ½֮ţǴ˵ض֮صڴţţͿ̤붴ģ
ţ־ܵһοȴİһƬɴŵʯϣָܵȸսϢ
ҲչȫʶǾһĻ鿪һɲ
⵱걻ײĶţٴ۶ľ䣡
ţǿڣС޾ԶԶһΪװ⣬˿̣ܴ󲿷ɻһЩ໥֮ķ϶ѷ죬ܿ죬ܵڷɳ˴ϸСʯ
Щʯǵűʱɢǿյһ֣
˿۶ٵɲǣһһŵѷڣͬʱʯų׵ɢһɺ䶯ǿյƣ
ƻһɷ籩ֱӾǷ籩Хһǿƶ֮ڣȻɢ
ԶǿգںһƬŤŤ£Ƭϡ˲٣ȴ߲ʹâһ߲ʵˣһ߳
ɫ֮һ۾ͿǾ޴ţڣ֣
ԭ㣡߲ʵɱһҲͬʱ˿걻սϹãϣ֡
ֻҪսϹһлŤת߲֮ʵ˴һ˦ǰһȥҪǴǣ
Ųһ̧ǡǴŷ籩˲䣬Ƿ籩ƶ֮ɢʹ߲ʵŤвòֹͣɫһбķ籩ƶˡ
ͬʱһУսϹһζֵɲǣըսϹվһͷԷƮ֮ȫģӰ¶âĶǰǡ
Ϊ߲֮һ˿߲ʵ˷һһڴͬʱ¶ɱ
Ȼõ˵꣬Ѱ·ɣģӰµսϹɫֺݺݵһȭȴûǰУǴһ˦Ƿ籩ƶ֮ٵ˲䣬֮Կ
һսϹͬӰˣ˫۵âȴԽԽ
˵ĳ֣û˿⣬ѣ֮شۣȻᱻ˲
ûȥǿд˵ˣֵͷһлһʬ壬еıŨ
ϲɽôڴ˳ߣ飬ҽѵһ졭̧ǰһָ
ɽȺϵлʬ帲ڣʧǰһķذ
̾Уקһǰһۣҽǰһȥһ֮£뿪ɽȣĻС
ٴһĻڵӰʧȥǿգֻһ£ڷҡҷȴûиı䷽򣬶ɽڣǷذϡ
ƴ֮ͻȻɢĹ⣬Ĺ£һһƬĩ
˿̷紵ĩ紵ߣɽĴϡ
Ӵ֮ǣÿʱ򣬴Ǳ鲼ųߵлࡣ
ǿУ⣬Ƿ籩Хڵƶֹ֮һ̤֮籩ڣû˿Σ
籩Ǵʱɢǵֵڣʶ籩Уֻ˿Ӱ졣
ǰǴţĺ󷽣ǣУǴ⣬߲ʵսϹ
֣ѵңϷ֤ɽ֮˵İȫϷ򻹿Դ֮ͨţȥ½սϹǿǷ籩ڿֳֺδйܵǵĴڣ̴
֣𣬱Ϊ㸴ޣҪᣬⶴ磬ҲҪˣȫ㣬ֻҪ֮꣬һѡ뿪̤˵أ
㿴Σ߲ʵĿһ֮
Ļ֮սϹջ֮Ǵ¹ϵлࡢˮ˾ͽˣֶĶ
˿̣ȴǷûվǴ⣬˫Ŀϣƺڵȴʲô
Ϊ̾սϹ߲ʵɱŨ籩£ȴ޷ǰУף籩ɢ֮ʱ
ʱ䲻ڴŵһ򣬺ȴƬУĴսһһֶ˳ֺ̾ͱǷ籩ƶ֮ˣ໥˺˵ӣȥʱɫһ䡣
һ۾ͿǱȡߣǿ˿ֱ߲ʵսϹΧȻû˳·
˵ĳ֣ûɫ仯ɱ˫ۣһƽվ
ֹƬ̣Х֮䣬Ӱ˴⣬У߲ʵ˵ߣԶֵӰ¶ɲ֮ɫ
ã籩£ԶƿŮӣ⼸ŮòԽ
һŮӣڿֺɫӣڹ֮ĹйӴĵ
⼸һֵͬģǴӽԶ߳ߵڵӣӰܣ׷׶֡
ʱ䲻ٺӵϼ˿̤˴⣬Ŀһɨ˱˰Χϣһ˿ɱ
Ͷ΢ʣ־ܾ֣ɱ޷лʤͳ֡񿴵ֱΧЦ
ֹƬ̣ǿڳХһƬ˸УεӰ߳ϣЩֵͬɲǣ߲ʵսϹĿ⿴ȥ
εɫƽվ߲սϹĿ⣬Ųˣ
ֵģΪ׵ˣǵĳ֣ʱ˴˵˵һǿȥɲǣԵ֣˫ۡ
˫ĿһƬƽ˫Ŀϣûȥע֮ˣȫ֣˵֮ˣΪǸ֮Ŀۣ֮˺пܻᱻ
ȴɫ糣Ŀһɨ
ģˡҪģ޷ǾǴ˻ꡭ̧Уǵ꣬Ĺ˸


1752 Գ
ֵɲǣ˵Ŀ⣬εǵ⣬׷ȥֵ֣߲սϹĴսˣ̺˻ԣص̰
һɱˣˡɱңԵõ꣬ߣҪñɱ׼
ӵѪΪԼ࡭ⳡɱУһ½ˣɱĻ࡭ϣܳΪһôڣⳡɱĲϷʼˡƽ͸һĺ⣬ٴοһˣ¶΢Ц
ĿУ͵סڵʧеɲǣǴţȻһ˦
֮ţ
˭е꣬˭ͿԴ򿪶֮ţ˵֮УΨֿһ㣡ʿɱ죬Ҳû߳Ҫȥⶴ֮أȥһⶴ磬ֵһηɱ¾
һɱֽƴۣ
һ˦Ƕڷ籩д¡¡ľ죬ȴУʱͳһֱѷ죬ѷӴ£ţһΪ
кص˲䣬ţŲһ˫δ֣ƶţں򿪣
ŴŵĻǷ籩Ũ򿪵ڣ޾֮ľ
ţӵ֮ǵһδ򿪣֮ԽӾң˫ˣˡ
߲ʵսϹҲͬſĹУòˡ
Ψ֣վ⣬һ
˿̣ŻڻĿȻ˽ֻ֮Ǿȫֻﵽɶѡ
ִЦݣ˵£ǰһȻ̤ǰ뿪Ⱦ޴УڽҪȥһɲǣĿɨ߲ʵսϹͣ
棬ǣֻصһ֮£ֱӾ̤ǰ뿪Уʧ
Ӱʧɲǣ籩ԽӾǷ籩һ˲ﵽ˼£ʹ˷׷ٴ˺
߲ʵɱŨ˺Ȼ⣬ɱ֣
սϹģӰսϹ˺жʧĴţһţ
˶ֵĻﲢδϣ֮ˣȴ˺⣬Ĵս뼸ںгĬ
ʱ仺ţֽǴŵİʱںȫ򿪣򿪵һɲǣ籩˲Ϣɢʹٴ˺ǧɣɾʱͻȻģ籩Ȼɢ
ƴδֹһͻȻɢʹǴûκ赲֮ʹţı¶ڴ˵˵ĿУ
߲ʵǵһߣһΣ߲ʹâĿɲǣֱӾͳǴԣһȥ
ģսϹ걻߲ʵ˻ã˿м߲ʵһǰһʧ˴ڡ
̤ȥģ˻һӰ˲Ϣٽţһԥҧ̤ڡ
֮εʼɫƽ˿̻ǰ̾롣
ݵƽ֮ˣҲѡ񣬷׷̤ڣЩ˽ԴŲͬĿġ
ֻǶеĵ꣬Ǵ󶼲ΪֿԱסһν붴ģںпܻ߲ʵսϹ䣬һ߲ʣ
ǣǴ߳޾ºĽ죬ٴλصһֻأһԭ㣡
ž󲿷ʿһһǶţȥģΪ׵ļˣǲòȥ˿̰̾һһ̤롣
ֱȫʧ˴ڣ޵Ӱڳ֣ŴţһǴݵĸ˽ȥ
ӵĿ죬Ӧûн
ǿգŨŨֻ֣ǻص˽ĺȫƽϢ
ⶴĴųͬһƯǿգƵȴʸ֮ˣ
ֻǣⶴĴţΨо߱Ѫ֮ޣ̤룬֮ˣ޷ٽڡҪ룬Ψεһѡ꣡
ʿһߣ׷׳ĬУȴǴӴڵһ֮߳ˣǽ⻹ǽڣˡ
һЩ֪ߣˮ˾ͽˣɽҲǳĬУע
ףһ֮߳ˣпܣµֵ߲ĻʾһУĽ
һδ飬һ˵һζ˵Ĺ߼Ϊµ߲Ķߣת仯
Σķˣǻ谵ճƽȥһ
ڣֵǰһƬģأɼһƬ棬֤ŵ귢һ֮ս
Ŀȥľͷһ޴Ķ˶ƯڣһɢУӡ
е꣬걻лӡ޷ٴֻأԱУֶͨ꣬ⶴ֮ص˽⣬нߣ޷Ƚϵġ
ĺһֿǴ󶦵Ŀ⣬̺һ˿ȡ
ⶴڡҲ֮ͨڡ˫Ŀһֱǰ̤һȥټ죬һֱǰ
Ľ£һϡԱϳںܾúܾ֮ǰӦһﻨɾ߲ĶҲ䵱չ֮
˵࣡
£һȴ˲֣֮һɲĸоĸֳод׷䣬֪ⲻԼԵꡣ
ĬǰУӹϵһ棬˵صĽƣҲѾڣָո߳ǧɣȻŲһ٣ͷ·˫¶֮â
ĽƾѾ߽⣬һЩкڣ֮£ԲóµĽơû˿˷ʱ䣬·֮˼˫˫Ŀڸ˲ϢѪ˿
ӡ仯һν·棬ģƬķϣĹ⡣
һ󣬴˵ĹĹ£ֵӰڣһƬģ˫Ѫ˿࣬͵ıպϺٴ˲䣬ͫڵѪ˿ǰû
ƬѪ˿һ֣̾ͲϵͷŴת۾ʹ߲ϵɢѴ˵طȫڡ
ԶԶһһĻΪˣѪ˿Ŵ󣬼ֱ۴ϸ֮УĿġ
ֺм٣Ƭ̺˫͵һӣϢ䣬ܵѪ˿ʧӰ˵ؽƴȫ
ĹҲɢȥָ糣
Ťͷڣ¶ЦתһΣֱǱƵĴ󶦶ȥɲǾٽ˶ʧڡ


1753 ٲн
Ӱʧ˲䣬Ǳƾ޴ĶϺȻͬһǶ˻
ɫĲƴɢܻص䣬һأȫŤ·Ӱһ㡣
ǱƵĴϣλãĸֳһ׼ڴ󶦵ռ˽һλá
˵ģԶԶһֵס
ǶڣΪǽߣڶϻûԵòͬķӡ
ڽ󶦵һɲǣչǰģһƬ谵أһ޼ʣƺԶûоͷƫƫһһȥͿɿԽĴ
ڣֻһһɫĴ󻨣˻ԴΪΪ֦Ҷ˿ʢǬ
⻨ܼ򵥣ֻƬ꣬û棬Ŀ⿴ȥ˻ȴǻһ˲Ĵ⻨һ
Ǿ޴Ļϣ˿һЩϸܵ¶ˮЩ¶ˮúǡ٣
¶ˮ⻨ɢӨ֮ɫԶԶһλ֮⡣
վڰգǰ⻨䣬Ŵ˻ɫƽе꣬˵ûȫںϣȴҲ֪һЩ䣬оͰйⶴ֮ص˼
ؾٲԭˡૡ
߲ʵļУⶴ֮أ߲ʱչڣ䵱ƣһ˵ر󣬽пֹ֮һ˴̤ڡ
ֻ߲ټǵ̤룬ߵڵıѣʹķ֮ƻ˲ٵͬʱҲһЩ仯
Ĺ˼ɵģҲЩֲı仯˿̿ɫĻ䣬ֿ¶ˮ˿
һһûгֱ仯
ٲԭ磬Ҳڻ˵󣬵һ֪߲ⶴʱʧٴΣ
ٴξʧܣҲһ磬ֻڲȱٺܶʴڣһûб߲ѡֱ˵һ磬ҲĶ硣
ʧܵٴΣ߲ǽΪػԼչ֮صķܱ֮ٵ¶ˮһЩڣ߲û󶦣ʶɢٽ磬ԸıһЩڼȶķ
ÿһ¶ˮһ磡
Ȼһڵٲнд棬ôҵļƻҪ΢Ķһ£԰ȵһԳ
߲ʵսϹˣĿǰ޷ɱ֮ٲн磬һаɱһЩ
ɱԽ࣬ս֮Խ󣡡Ŀһ߲ĶڣУһء
أ˾֪Ī˵ûм߲սϹĴս֪߲䶴磬յɱУ
ǵ̫ͻȻ߲˱չأûʱȥɱУòɣĻһս᲻ͬ
ΪأֲаգⶴɱҪɱУҲڴ˵Ҫ㹻ɱ¾
ٲԭ磬˼Ŀһǰһȥ˲ٽǾ޴Ļ䣬̤һ¶ˮڡ
¶ˮ֮ϲƻصУӰʧڣƽ
¶ˮƲ󣬿ʵʽںȴǬ¶ˮͬǱ߽죬޵ķŴմʱ˽⣬Ȼһ
ڵĵطһǿգ
ǿһƬ貣ƣһƬžû˿ڵļƬǿգʶɢ֡
С൱ǵ飬̫ǣҲֻ࣬оſǣûκˣ
ִӵ֪ٲԭԷΪ֣һǱ߲½ޣҪôҪôǱΪǿĴڡ
ڶ֣ǵ߲°һȺ½ϵķˣﷱܣҪΪõĹ۲죬ͼⷱڣҳܡ
ڵ֣ˣޣû˿Ĳн磬磬ûл֣һе˴ô߲Ըݵ˵Ĳͬʱȶ
ֲнڣ࣬һ߲ʴδڼȶһ࣬䵱£ڣת
ΣֻҪΪӵ˲壬Ӳٲԭ֮ˣҪѾ˼Բпܻɵ
ǵһֲԭ磬Ǵ޵ڣȥǷı仯֪ҲͳΪɱ֮
ֶٲԭ˽Ⲣȫ棬ûȫںϣֻ֪ʮ֮߰˶ѡ
˿վǿգĿɨȻһ
Ӧǵֲн磡ǲ֪ǵһ໹ǵڶ࡭һΣֱǰȥٶĿ죬һХת۾ͿԽ޾
ӰǿеľſڣԼٶһһ˸Ѱʲôûҵ
ʱţǰİʱ֮ǰΧһֺѾʣࡣ
վڵھſϣüͷ
ûжڼȶļ䣬ƺ߲ʶһɨͿԸıֲн򡭡Уʶٴɢִ˵һɨУȻ˫Ŀһ
ǿƴһβƣⲨƲϵػصǿգȴΪޣѲ
ĿһⲨƣģǰʱȫɢɲǣⲨ֮ǰɨĵǡ
һΣӰʧǵϳʱֱһɽȥ
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Īֲ˼ʶȻɽϣֻƾβ鿴ɽ嶼ǼΪѰ
Ա֪Ϊ˽һߣȶ򣬴˹һѪɽ崫˲䣬غ̾ҵŤҪһ
ģһɹֻǣҪȫֵɲǣȴǺ䣬һжƽϢ
Ʈڰգüͷһ塣
һнû۳Ĺ򡭡ôͻһˡ
ּȶ֮ʱ綴ų״򿪣籩ɢ߲սϹӰ룬ģʿȫ̤
߲ʵ˵һ룬Ŀһɨһüһֱǰ󶦶ȥ·ûа㷴ӦֱԽʧ˴ڡ
սϹͬУʧ
Ǵ󶦵࣬ʱֳ߲ʵսϹףƣЩֲ
Ҫ̤·Ƭķ棬ͻȻɫһ䣬ֹǰĿһ֮£Σ
֮ε٣˫Ŀһ·棬ǺȻ¶΢ЦȥֱǴ󶦣·Ҳû˿仯
һԵ𣬲üͷ


1754 ȶ
ûãĴսԼЩߵڵĵӣ׷̤˵أǼڽ˲䣬ɫǸӡ
һԽԶˣ̾ǰһΣû˵ؽƵı仯ǰУӽ˴󶦡
н֮ˣ׷׿·棬мĿһֹ
мˣ֮ǰԶһûв̤֮ڡ̤·Ͽյ˲䣬ͻȻɫ䣬ֻһɫϸ˿ǰĿĺâֱӾͽЩȫڡ
̺֮ȥһѪ˿ϵسϿգ֮γһƬ谭Ѫ˿ڵļˣ˿̸ĲҽУٺˡ
ͻȻıʣƽȹ˵صԶһ㶣͵ת󼸺ߵĴƬѪ˿¶֮ɫһԥת̤Ǵڡ
ڰ𣬴˿˫Ŀһ¶Ц
˵֮Ҳ˵ǽҶȹ棬󶦵ԶˣǸߣߵڵӣΪ̫ߣǴڵĻ谵Уչǰ¶ˮľ޴󻨶䡣
֮ǰˣ˿Ȼʧߵڵվԥһ£ǻ⿴ãѡһ¶ˮȥ
¶ˮɲǣڵɽ嶥ϥͻȻ̧ͷա
ˣǵһϧΪߡΪҲˮ㣬֮ǰľ治ˣǱˣʵһ´˵ҼȶĹˡк˸ʶɢжǿһͻȻֵڡ
вϵתһģӰӰܿ۶ȫ˲䣬Ȼʧ
Ӱ֮ǰϺõߵߣһ֣˫¶裬ʶɢɨΪȴ޷ֵĴڡ
üͷһ壬ԥһ£վǿǰһҪ۶ȥһɲǣȴͻȻɫһ䣬ȻһգͻȻľ¼ȥ
ͻȻıʣȫ漴һȻʧȥһз֮ΪҲ޷ֱֹ·׹ƣ
ɽ嶥˫¶֮â
ȻЧĲн磬ҲȤϧҳ˺ֹֻܶеĹȫ۳ϧ޷Ӱ취Ϊı仯ӰʱҲв̧ͬһӣѪһȴѪٶɲǾʧգֱ߶ȥ
Ѫٶȣڼֵͨ룬Լﵽسɴĵز˿˸УϢȻǼ³Զ
һţ̶̵ʱ³ٶȣȻǿγһĴڣֱʹڴ졣
ǿѹδйĻң̧һ֮£̱һѷֱ֣£
ɫ԰ףֱڻ޷ΪԼʧȥ˷֮ûлȥ˼ֻԶѪһ߱Ƿסɲǣüһ
һѪüĸǱƬѪһΣ̱ԪҲѪֱӷ飬͵
˲䣬˫̧գڷɳ˫ӡڡ
Ѫ꣬˾֮
仰ﴫɲǣǱԱߣʱһֻڵֱֱۣ˴ĺһץ֮£Ͱ鿪Ѫ⡢Ԫ꣬ȫץУʧǿա
Ѫɻأ߻û˫ַ£ں˫ۺһ
ֻܸܵɱ˶ѣϴˣԶԶֳƬ̣˫ۣʶǿգȴһߡ
֮˽Ҫٻһˡ
˿ⶴĵһ¶ˮڣн˵ߣٲн磬ִ˿ãȴǵڶ̤¶ˮߡ
ʱ仺ţתۼ죬Уֳ˵ȴ֮⣬󲿷ʱ䶼ǳڵУͼںһЩ䡣
ͬʱҲʱ̾裬ڶ߲ʻսϹôѡ뿪Ҳڴ˵ؼȶֹйԭ֮һڣ㹻ʱȥ
ϧ޷½ֹѪĹ򣬷ĻҲһսٲн磬޷һ㡭Ͼǲнѡְ̾
ȥڵ֮ʱͻȻɫһѸ̧ͷĻʶֵǿУĿڶһ򣬳һУ
ˣ˭ءһΣȻǰһȥֱգʧӰ
˵нֹеĹ򣬵ȴʱƣ͹ʱޣȻӰ졣
⣬ӰһǰѪƶѪĿȴԵûз˿Ŀ˸У̧ǰһӣͬѪȫ
Ȼ׼һ߲ʻսϹˣԥȥ
з֮ӻתмٱɲǼȻֻܿģӰ
Ӱڣ޷ܵΨɢһ˲ǳֵʱֲֻûмڳ֣Ŀۣϸȥ
Ӱĳ֣Ѿжϣ˺̶ܴȲ߲ʵ˻սϹֻǽûг֣ǵ
ܿ죬ɢҲԽĿɱһˣ
ˣž붴ʿһǵ֮ǰɱߣһһȻԶߵ֮ˣ
ԶˣΪȣһΪ˿ڣˣֻеڶ˵˥ңû
ɢӰȫһɲǣֳˣǰѪһ䣬ֱǰХȥָǰһȥɲٽ
յʱΪ˼ոտܣʶûɢɲǣһڶˣͷ­ֱ룬ѪһУѪХ
һˣͬѪϣȻ֮ʱҪˣ˫ͫȴǱһϮӰȡһָ˲Ϣٽڴüģ֮£˱
һ̫죬ת˲ǿڵ˲˼һȥͬʱһץȴһȼ֣˺Ҫȼ
ʱȴͻȻһûȵȼ㣬Ӿֱ·׹䣬Ȼıʣɫ䣡
ѪһָǴ˦ӡûֱһ£
һǱѪؿڴ͸ٱһƶȥѪȻ
ɱˣʱϢһҪȥͻȻɫһŲ죬͵תеɱٴα¶
Ȼ
ʶ֣֮ǿȻһУһӰģӰһӣŮԡ


1755 ϼ
¶ЦĿɱ
Ƭ̺ɢļģӰҲһŮӣɫĳȹһͷ˿Ʈ裬ΪǷ˿Ϊ֮ԡ
ʿҲĴ󶯣˽ŮΪ¯ͷ
ŮӣٺϼҲ߲òͬŮӶ߲ΪҳϣǺȳ֣ǹ˼ֵ㹭ڲ˼һºɱġ
ŮΪûиƱԴǰս֮Щѣ㹭֣ŮҲǶΪɵƱԴڣŴб֮Ҳǿ˲٣į֣ϴ˵صĹ䲻⣬ȴǬת㲻ʩչ㹭Ҳɱ֮
ǰ˵׾ǴŮ֮Ů֪һЩ˵صء˫̧ǰһӣѪХ伲۶ȥӸһ֮Ӱʧ
Ѫһ̬ϢǺХ춯أ̶ƿ֮ɲǾͷɳֱɢ󣬴Ӱȥ
ҵĺХʶѡ˼
ϼȴûкˣǰո֮ʱ̸ܵһɱߺһ۾ͿǰǺХѪ
ɫһУһƬɷ
ԭһվ̧̱һƬɫȻ֣䶯£̻һɫķˣ˻ֱ֮Ѫȥ
ɫѪɲǣȻʹǿ𶯣б֣ƬƬѷֱӱ˺ڡ
ϷѪͬ޷ǰУУϼɢУȴٴγֵ֣֪㹭ѾΣȴ֪Էû˿ԥУ̧䣬һö̳֣ҪѡȥŶˡ
ֵ֪Ķʶóǰѡ뿪ʹг֣ͨһндڣյ谭ΪָߣԵֿ
ŮĻǼΪײðա
ҪɲǣֵӰԶûǻصǿա
߲谮ĵ֮󣬻ڣ仰ͻأϼȴˡ
֮ǰԷʼûһʼնվһǹŹֵΪ˵Ůӣ֪ٲн磬й仯
һйֻҪû򲻻һһôͻȫڴ˽ڣ֡
һ㣬Ȼס
ϼҲ֪֪ͬıӸһЩʶȥʮദн磬ǽһʶɨ١
Ҫ뿪ĳֿͣϼһۣתȥȴһƬ֮ǰߵڵӱȡ֧ȼϼóȻЩڽʱѾĳЭ顣
һЩѰ죡
ϼ̫ѡȥΪҶʱ޷סȲ˵˴Ƿ߲ʻսϹŮĻƶ߲ҳϣĴսϵ˵ҲпǸĴս
߲ʻսϹҲ޷˵رпܻҲ׼ֻϼ˽һɱ˺˸ľ裬Ҫɱѡ㹭Ҳʹõʱ򡣡һ˿뿪ʱıӰЩִ٣ֻһ˲ͱ
̧һӣѪϢٽߣ֮Զȥ
ۿȻԶȥӰҪʧڵϼȴԥ򣬲֪òôųȥ
㹭ҵĴȴûѡóȥӰЩִ١Ī֮ǰɱƲɡ
ҲֻԷɽʼմδ֣ҪǽХ̫֮ƺǿ乥Ҫһ
ѵ˿ʩչ㹭ҵ뿪ļ֮ڣҲ²ǸӣĴս˺ƾ˵꣬Ҷģ
ֻǴ˽ƻˣˣǼˡϼɫ仯ʼò⣬ۿӰҪɢٴ¶һ˿ܿ챻Ĳִ٣Ʊѹʱʶ巴Ӧ
ˣѵõɱȡõ꣬׸߲ʵ˻սϹǴһպ½ҲбӻϼһҧҪ뿪ѡ׷ȥʱȴԥһ£̧ǰȻһӣ䣬ȴһɫķɽƾճ֣˵һֱǰֶȥ
һ£ֵ̫ԣ±ضթϼĿ˸Ķǰ
ɫķɽٶȼ죬Хֱ֣ɲǾٽɣ͵תк˸̧ʳָѸ̧Ǵһ˿ΪɫɽٽɲǣһָǷɽ֮ϡ
ڵڴ˽˲䣬Ժͷת¶˵̬ΪȻԴ˵ߵ⣬Դܣ͵ıʳָϣγ˾ҵĺ졣
£ǷɽбɫһΣȴû˺벽ԶԼϼ¶ɱ
Դ⣬磬û˿˵ļ󣬶ϼϢЦһתȥ
ڵϼ˫¶֮â
ˣҾˣĻթضֳΪ׷
ȴûУǰȫΪչ¶ڸԼ˵࣬Դƭֻ˵ˣı˿ߣŻΪ
˿̿ԶȥӰܣһƬУȻҪ뿪˽ľٶȷɣ
ˣ֣һӲ˵ƻ˷¶˶ߣϼ򣬲ٴ¶̰֮ɫԼֻߣ˼һ֮£ʹ
ͬʱɢȴȫ뿪
һɲǣȴͻȻ֮͵׹ȥͻȻıʣϼɫ䣡
ã
ʱԶȻתɱһ˲ϢѪ𣬻ֱϼ
һжɲǼ䷢Ͳ뿪еϼ㷴ӦĻᣬȡʱ䶼УѪֱüģ
ͫڣӰռȫ
һѪϼؿɫȹմȾȥǺ죬һƬɫڣ¶ȻĶļ


1756 
ȴŮȹڣż٣˿Ƭ֣һᣬڵǾŮҲû˿֮ģˣпĿɨȥ֮⡣
Ѫϼؿڴ͸ѪУѪ˷ܵ
Ѫ̺ɷһѪ֮飡
ؿѪɢϼɫ԰иһѪ׹Ҫóס壬ܸᡣ
Ѫ͸ɲǣȻϼǰռеͫ׵ȫӰһĳԴ
ʱϸͲϼᣬ֮ԴХ𣬻һ޴Ļȸ˻ϼȫơ
֮ȼڣɵֵ
ڻԴкȸǱΧϼ
һ˲䣬˫Ѫ˿žž֮䣬ϼǰλãճִƬѪ˿ȫ·ɲǣȥ
һɱ¾Դִ˿µڣʹ֣һ˲Ϊɱ¾֮
ɱ¾ԴһǿһƬȻһƬƬɫѩƾճ֣˷һжɲǷԴĺϼѪ³죬ʼգûκλȥó
ӡʱ䣬ûУԴУϼڣһ޴ƴ͸ǰԴֱü֮ϡ
һϼٴѪǳ˴ƬѪɫѺۣҪķһ㣡
ʹ񣬾ԪҲⱾԴһ֮شɫҰУһɾ˲Ϣڡ
һɲǣ³ͻȻһ٣ȴǽֹеʱޣɢļֻǣһжֵļ֮ڣʱҪɢ˲䣬׷У̧ϼһָ

һָ񣬶꣡Ǭ񷣡
ϼȻ䣬ⶨ֣ǽ֮ɢ޷ֹͣ³޷ȡ˼Ҳһָ̣
ѹס֮һ£ٽϼߣѸڶԷ£ÿһָ䣬ϼͬʱһɷӡ֮
ָȫ䣬ӡɣ
һƬýƣϼȫ㲻
һ˦Ǭ䣬ϼڽ֮âĻУʧӰߣһսɾ䣬ʱϲʮϢ
ϼûɱϻкָܶȤĶ֣ʱɱ
Ѫ˸УѪع飬ܣ䣬ǰȥ½ִƬתУڣʧ
˽Ѿ̤룬غеĲ뿪
֪ٲн໥֮ϵԱ˴ͨУǲ֪ӡҲӲ
ٲнڣһУƬȻһУת䣬ʱ˴˽֮˵ע⡣
׻սվһǵİգ·Լа˿ɱ죬ڽһս
ѪɺӣʱһƬ޴ƽԭһۿ߽磬ַսΪ
û뵽ﻹɱ¾ɱɣɱԽңɷԽŨЩɷ˵޷˽磬ȴǿΪã
˽ǵһ̤ߣһйҼȶ߲սϹ򲻹˭ҪҵĹ֮ڣ׻ս߲վãȻ֪ٲн飬˿վڰɫΪ˷ܡ
ϣ˫н죬һһԱ󽫣Ż߰һװɫףŻƤŰ׻ͷ˫Ŀ¶âͬʱҲ̺˷֮ɫ
ϡ䣬ƺһεӣ֮ϵİ׻սӰϵ
ͬգڰ׻սӰǰ˿ϥһӣһӸģһƬ紵ɢһ㣬˫ۣɫ¶ңͷϣкˮ
׻սһöʵ˵س˿໥⣬֮˸޷Ӱ֮Ӱ
ϣǰ׻սжԷУһŲ׵ʿɫңͺӶгǹɱȴǲʱ̧ͷգ¶ŭ־֮ɫ
ӣȻϥӣһһ
ڴˣӶһϳϸ߲֮ˣ
ǰ׻磬ƶ
ڴ˿̣õİ׻ս͵̧ͷ¶֮⣬ͬʱ·ɱĴУŻ߰ϣŰɫ׵Ľ죬Ҳ̧ͷŻ谵գ¶Ц
һ˭ء
ǰ׻սϥӣҲ̧ͷܵƬڳֵк¶֮⡣
ɣˣ˵ɱ׻Ĺ򣡣
ڣת£ڽһģӰģӰӰҲɢļ
ȫʧһɲǣѪ˸ѪХɳɨ˷һѪɫƻʹܷԲǧڣɷ֮ڡ
վɫƽǰ
ʶɢȻܺɨȥʶţӰֵ˲䣬Ƭڵǿϣ׻սӣɫһ䡣
׻ս¶˷ܣգЦ
ȻҲ
һ㶣Ĭֻȴ¶ֻЦ
ʶǿգ˽ּ֮ȶĲнҪϲ٣൱һķΧֻǣȴǾſţ
ɨһȦɲǣڵϣָܵ˰׻ӵϢȴϿ˵Ӱ
üͷһ壬ϸĲ鿴Ƭ
˵Ѿ˹򡭡ǲ֪ʲô򡭡ǰ׻˵ӰΪѰҲʶٴǵڣƽԭɱİ
Ȼɫһ֮¶
ԭվʼû벽ˣͿڴ˵ع֮⣬һкپǷȥ
˵ع˭£˭֮⣬һԣɫƽ̧һӣɢк֣
һĻκ˿ӣҪ뿪ļ
ѣαؼȥ˵Ϸ˹̤ǿԴһģ׻սȻǿڻص
ɫ糣ȴЦһԣԳ˴𰸣
ʲô
Ϸڰ
Ŷעʲôֻ
ܣΪϷ֮ӮϷԼΪū꣡Ϸ׻ԣѪΪģ׻ƵʹǿһƬ
ɫƽֻ¶һ˿΢ɲ΢Ц


1757 ֣
㶨Ĺôĳֺ̤η֮ǰʶɨȻǵϿһЩߡ
˵صĹ򣬺пһ㣬ʶֳһ˿·֮һԷⳡɱ¾İ֮ս
Ϊȫѹƣ޷ȫ汬
ǰ׻ɽ֮˳ɱǰ׻Ϊˣ˵ٲн磬ⲻѪ֮ڶˣȴǿԽѪѹƣѪѹƣΪ˵ˡǰ׻ˣ֮Ѫͬѹƣȴǿ˵Ҳѹ˲٣׺ڣʶɽ
֮ˣ䲻ʿ㣬һȻ˱֣֮
˫ۣ¶֮ɫ
˵عѹΪ׻ˣҵʩչ㹭Ӧ͸ܵҵڲûѪ֮ʩչ㹭Ϊ˲ѪҺ
һûѪ֮˵ΪᱻѹƵҷֳʶ㻯ҲֻѰ˶ѡǣΪѪܱ֮ѹƣܷӳһЩ
ΪˣΪûѪԴ˽ĹӰ죬ùֳһȥѹ³ֵӵѪ֮˶
Ҳ֪еŴУйȴ֪ҵŴҲѪ֮ѪܻᱻѹƣΪϣ׻ǿǰһȥ
һ̤˽˲䣬н̴죬صǿյͬʱǷ˺أǿеһ΢ɢ˰׻µĹ
ϣ֮ˣѹѪųϣǳ˵ˣͬҲѪ֮ĻôѹƾͻɢñȻ١
ֽ˽ɲǣϣ˫Ŀ¶⣬ԸоѪѹ֮ɶһЩͬʱʶ·ʿȫɢһƬ⣡
ܵɻʿߣȴô˾һ񣬾еĳǹҲ·ΪУǰɱĵбֱӱɱ¾
ǰ׻ɫһ䣬¶޷֮ɫ룬ȷΪ־߱Ѫ֮´˽ı仯ȴ
ȻѪ֮ܣûиѪĴڣ꼴УҲֻ㹭ڶѣ
һн磬ʱŤɲɢ֮ʱȴ˵ϵϿգ׻֮ˣ֮
ֵ˲䣬ʶٿصķֳһ˿ֱ·սȥǰ׻սĵжԷУһͨʿںһ
ʿųٵĿǰˣȴûвԶǰ׻սİ׼׽죬Գһѳǹͺ͵һ˦ǳǹХȻֱʶʿȥ
ʿʶһɲͣ٣˫۾һ䣬ͷֱӻһƬɫӸģ˲Ϣı仯֡
̧µĳ͵ת͵һ䣬Ƿٶĳǹһ
һǳǹȻһն룡ߺХ͸бؿڣǵбӣ˵С
ǹһ˿ʶʿ͵̧ͷǧ⣬ϵĽ죡
˿̣ⳡɱ¾ƽԭգֱȻϥ£ǴЦ
˵ع򣬾壬·ӣ˸ʶ֮
׻սɫһۣԱ˫Ŀȫ·ʶϡ
ǰ׼׽˫ۺ̧Զʶʿһָ߶ʱкƣʮڼ֮գսֶȥ
Цս֮Уȫɱ죬ҽУŭںһ𣬻ؼ׳۵֣
£ѪڣȥϵѪ͵ǰǰУѰʿףǰзǵǰбȫͺһն
ÿɱһˣ󶼻ữһ˿ڣģ⣬ƣͬɷ
ʿȫ٣ǰ׻սȶĹ̶ֻѣһжΪ֮׼
ɱɱɱֲϵǰУס˴󵶣ɨǰһз֮һٽ㱻ֵͺԾֱ̤ڴͷ֮·ڷɣڰг£·ٽĵһڼ֮ӭͷ£
Ǻڼ֮һȻ͵̧ͷȥǻ谵գһѪ£֣ӰȡѪ£
ڼ֮æ̧дܣҪֿ⾪һ
һҽоʹ֮ȫ뿴ȥֻ£һնǶϣ˶ܱ鿪ֵĵХУڼ֮ͷն룡
ĺĺڼ֮ðӿڣɱˣɱһ׻ûĺڼױĺȻŨɫĻ档
һ̣֮صУкȫȻһ׺ɫףϣһͷ׷ӳĿģ
еĵҲΪ˺ɫҸһЩ£
ٵЦִɫףǰ̤ȥ裬ɱ¾࣬ǰ׼׽ʮڼ֮ȫֵ£
ɱˣֵ׼ȫֻʣͷ޿վһȺʿУΪ䣡
ͬ壬ʶΪӵӣʶʿΪǽ⻷ƣɱ֮Ͻ˸һ׽ɫףֻ׺ǼףȣΪ硣
һĻϵİ׻ս͵˫ۣɫΪٴα˫ۡ
ʶǰ׼׽٣ִٴγһѳǹͬʱˣ֮ľ롣
ԸԼʱݣ˷˽磬Ҫսݲ˷ʱ䣬ۿǰ׼׽ٺˣһͺֳڴ͵һ𣬽֮ٴԾ̤ھͷ­ֱǰХȥ
ÿһ£̤֮ȫڣ˰֮ĺٴһ˻֮УȻһƥɫĿͬһɫ磬֮һڣ
ֱ׼׽ٶȥ
˺еİ׼׽ɫ䣬Ķǧ⣬źХ֣еĳǹյĸ
˿̣һнڣ߲ʵɫѾ߹˽ٽ磬ûҵ֣˿̧̽ǿ͵һ˺֮£˺һȱڣֱȥ
Ȼһ٣˫¶ϲ֮ɫֵܵϢϢܲٴ˽磬ȴԶ߲ʵһٴ˺һȱڣȥ
ˣҿԸܵǰԶ߲ʵ¶


1758 ȵ
˿̰׼׽޷ٺˣⲻĶԽ˽ӣ˿壬һɱ¾죬ͬս
ս֮УˣǴ˿ֺХ޷ˣ
ˣͱʾη֣ˣпʤϾʱţɱԽ࣬Խǿ
Ҳѡɱ¾ˣ޷ֱȽϣ
ɱ׼սɫͺ»߰͵ǰХȥֱ֣
˿ڸ߿տȥ·޾սеĶһһ˴˸ǧɣٽӽǰɫҲãɫҲգڽӽвϵɱ¾ȡǧɵľ룬ΪԼƣ
ҽлڰԽԽ
ϵİ׻𾪣ɫŤǰ׼ڣģȻǰ׼׽󣬾һͷͻģû
ͻ̾죬
׼׽µİ˿̿Ҳƻһͷ׻к춯أ
ȫºڸȫһͷ׷Ʈкڵһɣͬһѿ
Ѫǵ䣬Ѫ졣
ΣĳҪնɱ˸͸ɭɭ⣬⣬γһ˵Ӱ
ˣǵįǵ֣
ɡİɡɡɲǣ֮ľֻʣһɣɾ룬˲Ϣɶɣ
̼䣬Ȼٽ
ɱ׼ս͵̧ͷһصĴ
䲻ͬûзκڳĬУº̤նֳӳһĻΣǵâڹ⣬谵ںһѪƽ
һɫ䣬ƵĻݣһ֮У
ǰ׼׽쳤ǹɢĿ׹⣬ٽֵɲǣһǹ̳һǹ֮£İ׻ӰŤֱǹһ˲䣬һǹԶԶȥﻹʲôǹһͷʳİ׻
ںڰٽһɲǣ֮γɾҵĺ¡죬𶯴أգ
Уֵĳǻ׻ĳǹǳṉ̀׻˻Ť߽⣬ͬģֵĳ鿪γƬ
˵ӭͷһ𣬺һ£ƥȫ˻ͷȫܸ߽⣬Իڰ׶˷
飬
ͬʱԾ໥ɲǣ˴չһɱ첻ɢƬ̺󣬸ΪĺҪһΪ
У׻սȫһһѪɫ԰еȴϣ׻ףΪ׻սɷˣ
˿̣ѪֵĿ⣬ȴǳ˾֮ɫ
ôɷһɱ˶ˣ
еֱͬһɫЩ԰ף˫ȴԽɨһ۰׻սص
Ҫˣ
Ұ׻䣬ҶĹ磬Ҿ䣡׻̧ؿ͵һģٴһѪ
Ѫص˲䣬ǰ׼սȫױѪϣ׳˺ǧɣһڴأʱ׻Ѫ£׼׽ںϣ׼սŭȥ֣Ƿһߵʿչɱ
ÿɱһˣƾͻָһЩǱҲɣ
ɫͬǺµһһͷ׷ƮУһ˳ǧɡ
˿ǰ׼׽ڷɱ¾£ֱ˴ˣߴڵľȫУڡ
׼׽ƻģһ֮±ǧѪ庹ëڷɳֱܣȻǧѪǱѪ֮ɢѪںϺٴγһĿꡣ
һƬ̼䣬̻ûľʹٶԽԽ죬Ȼӽʮ
ǰ׼׽һԾ˫쿪ɲǣʮ֮Ϣ۶֮ص䣬ٴγ˰ɫף°һлûнǧѪɱ¾
ûʹͬķ˺ĿһԶϺ˵ĵӣʿʶĽ׽죡
׽Ŀһʱë˼ٺˣȴֱɲٽ̧͵һĶȥ
׽һ˿֮ԶԶ׻һ£ҪɱˣغķһЩʱ䣬ɱ䱾𣬶·˷Ҳ򵥡
˿̺Ȼ֮ʿû˿ķ֮Ƶµɲǣ׽췢һҽУȫ̱
˲䣬ʶӣȻſ˴ڣֱһ̣̻꣬ʶҲͬ߱ﱻѹƣйصıܣȴɴڣ˵̲˰׻ڹĵӣȴǿԣ
ǽ׽ҽ֮սʯ󺣣˿һɵ˲䣬ʶӣȫƣǱ׶ʱ۳Ǳ֮ǰҪ
һΣͷҲ۶ͷڣֻʣͷİ׷ƮǺɫγĶԱȡ
һХ죬ȴֵ£һ۳Ĳһ֮֮ܣԶ׼׽һ˻
ǰ׼׽Ŵ˺͵̧ͷǰһץʱǳǹۣǧѪ̻һһڣɲǼ䣬µİŤһХ£Ȼһͷ޴İ׻
վڰ׻ϣֳɳǹ¶ɱǰ׻һԾŴֱֶȥ
̧𣬺һɴ󵶻ûմ˵Ĭº˻𣬾ǰ׻ȥ
֣һսӮ
˫ɲٽ֮£̾ٽһХ֮𶯴أҪһ㡣
һ£ǰ׼׽ĳǹĬõһͺ𣬴ֿȻһͬʱӰû˵䡣
׼׽췢ŭ䳤ǹױ°׻üĳһѪ˿ֵ䣬Ȼ߽⣡
ϣ׻սɫҰףһѪɫ
ӽԺ׻֮ūϥֱ͵վ˫ͫȻһǿҵΣٶ˿̲˼ǰһȥȴˣȻ·ʶ֮ص
ſ͵һ̣̾ͰǱİ׼׽һϢȫڣ죬籩ܺɨһ֮Ĵ֣Ȼ˫ĿĶգͫһ㣬ȫľԼһУŴ˵عһȫһ֮У
һﵽ˽ǿ֮һƿ˵ذ׻ȶĹһڴ˴нڣһ
ڵȣǸΣ֮˳֣ڴͬʱֵһƬ˸䣬һѻСɡһʧ


1759 ߲٣
ٵ죬ܣ籩кХһԶԶһǷ籩һƣΪˡ
еĵû˿գһֵ籩γһһԱȡ
⾲£ϲɵþɢһѹѹ׻սϣʶ̣֮Ѫµԣʹ׻սȻ
ѹͬɽѹ£ʹð׻սòУͷ
ʿΪûѪԣʶ֮ͬɣ˿ѹ£յ˿ʶǣ糱ˮһľη
Ͼȥˣ˿ȫӿеڣ˫ۣȥգǰһж˵С
Ŀ˲䣬һΨһܸܵģеĵ˵˫ۣʶΪ£γ˾һ
˽ڣһãǺУͻȻкȴһ޴Ȼ֣мһչ¶ûȫͣʱ;ҵĲУһԶԶһӣڽ˺һ㡣
ĺɢɲǣ߲ʹâ̴Ŀǹâڣ߲ʵǰһ󲽣ֱ̤뵽нڡ
˲䣬߲ʵ̾ظֵܵϢ¶ɱ뺮⣬ǴЦ
֣ҵˣһΣҿôӣ
һɲǣ˽ϣֵ˫ȻоĵĹ⣬һͺ£һԾգ͵Ļӳǿһ
һӳӼٺˡ
һ䣬ȴϣһ޴ĵâƾճ֣ž춯صĺХķ籩ȫףǰ·оȫڣʹ⵶âֱӾͺ俪˰׻Ĺ
׻Ѫɫή
âȥɲʧ֮ʱȻǲãڣ߲ʵ֮أһ̫죬߲ʵһ˲䣬ֱնһ
âǿ£ԶԶһﵽ֮Ʋãʵʣ߲ʵӭͷХն䣡
⵶âǴ˵عںȫΪ֮һɱˣں˴˲н磬һ֮ɱ
޷һľޣ貣ֱ߲ʣ
߲ʵ˫ͫȻһΪȻһ̸ܵһΣ飬˵Ϊһֻζѣ
Уȴζ׷ɱʱ֣һΣƺѷ죬һΣнڣ
˵ع˵̶ֶʱ뵽ַ֮ߣʵΪټԽ˾ԽҪ˿ã߲ʵͷתսϹڣˣһ˦Уʱǰ߲ʹâ˸Ȼһ߲߸ֱ꣬ɫ߲ʵǰſ
߲ʵޣ߲ʵ˻ﴫ˲䣬̤ڣϥһɲǣƬӰڡ
ԶԶһﻹʲôͬδһ㣬ֻһǶ䣬򣬺ХɲǼ޴߲Ƕϡ
һ̾ǿգʹǿմΧı˺ѣ㵹УǵâȻƬ
ͬʱ߲Ƕһ֮£ɫ˸ɫĻֱ꣬ӱ
ǵâɢƬȴγһɻصĳ̨߲Ϊģܷƶȥ
¡¡ľǿŰۿɼģǳͬһų񲽱ѻƵģǴƱǿ˺ѿ
ǿղϣɨУȫ鿪ǾſҲ֮Уǳ֮ɨɲǣ߿űγ˾޴ĺڶУһС
һ磬ڣ
ϣǺسһ޴Ĺ֣谵ոǷɫ䡣ŵĶչ˱
طʯƮգһĩ֮ò
Ѫ¶Σ߲ʵ̫ǿû˿ԥӺ̾ƾճ֣һ֮£̤ڣҪ뿪֮ʱͻȻǿպһͺ𴫱˷
ƬǶ䣬һƬ߲ʹâ͸У̳еĵϣͬʱ¶ϥ߲ʣ
߲ʵʣ̨ϵ߲ʵˣȻ̧һָԶڽҪȥ֡
߲ʾܿ糣˿ȴһƬֵһ֮ǿܣһͲֿʩչнһ㡣
һ֮ĺɱҲľ̨߲Ȼһ鿪Ƭ߲꣬ʵʹ˿ָȥɱɷ
߲ʵָ䣬̨ʣƬ䣬֮ɫɲǳ֣ӣҪзɱ
߲ʵ˸Ծ֮Լٶȳ֡
˿ںϣۿͿȥ߲ʵ˵ĳ֣ȴǱУһսΪ֮ٽ˲䣬һΣֱ
ּȻ￳ǾһȻ׼Ϊ£Ҳг嶯֮ʱı˿ʻٽͬʱ̧һץһƬȫɲǾͻһѾ޴Ļ֮ɡ
ٽɡ
ɡ֣գѰ֮ɡһСٽɡ֮ƻû׼˷һЩʱ䣬ʺΣͷʩչ
һʱѾ뵽·лûɡ˵һЩȴֵã
˿ɡ̧֣ȻſһУɡ
ɡһ˲ХٽȻͱɡ⣬֮صÿһƬɡϣ𣬵ͬģǹɳ̤֮
£ȫУǻڸߵ˲䣬Ӱʧ뿪һ磡
ʧɲǣֶһŭȴ߲ʵ˽֮ȻڵУ̧ƣ߲ʹâĿ˸£һ߲ӡ͸У͵һץ
һץȴգȥ
ӵĺǣҲӲ׷ɱ߲֮ʵ˿׻սʿһΣ׷ȥȥ
߲ʵ뿪ǣȫŴ˽һͬ𣬰׻ս͵̧ͷ¶ӣѾЧǰʱ
˿ɲֱɫ԰׵ʿȥ
סдã⣬ǰŰ׻´ĵһ


1760 Ļ
ٲн磬٣ϾƾУҲһֻ
˿̣һڣǿиһ粻ȫͣͲ谭ǿгӰŰ£ɫݣ֡
߳еɲǣ͵ת̧Уįұۣ֮˺֮Ȼ˺ȥ
̶ֱ֮ӱ˺һ޴ѷ죬ѷǰзѿʹб
һж˲Ϣ䷢ֲ˼ǰߣֱ̤˺֮³ֵѷڣһʧ
ʧͬʱһߴǿڴ䣬ֻǱڣ߲ʵӰ߳
¶⣬ɫΪַӦʩչ˺кۼ赲߲ڵĽŲûлٴδ뿪˲䣬ͻᱻ߲׷ϡ
׷ɱУƾͨһڴ߲ǣ׷ϣֻҪһΪͣͣ̾ͻᱻ׷ϡ
һδεĴУ˴˿ٲнڵ֮˵ע⣬ģһʶȻۣ߲󣬹ͬ׷
Ҫ˦Ļ˴һ磬ע⣬һսϹ׷ɱ˦͸ˣһгһн硣
ҪȥȻɫһһѰ粻ͬһ־˵ϢϢӦĳɢ
֣֮Ϊ޺пڳ˯
Ŀһȴûڴ˽ͣǼסλãһ֮뿪뿪߲֮ƾճ֣ɫΪҲϢϢҲЩľڲϢɲǣΪֻ˴̼ɻӶݣȴûô
һʱ߲֮Ҳ룬һȥӰʧ׷ȥ
ٶȼ죬ǲϵشһ磬Ȼ߹ʮ磬ȴͬһλǿͬһľӣֻһش͸˵ÿһδǲͬ磬λȴǲ䣡
һδεǿд͸߲ʵں棬һǿıϣҲֱļ
˽ٲн磬ٲн֮ԿԳôڣԴǾ޴Ļɫ䣬ٲн磬ǻڵ֣˳òʸ
ǻ䣬߲ɽõһ汦˱ûй֮ȴ˾˵Դˣ°빦
ǵ̫ͻȻ߲ǰǱ
һУûм߲ʵȴǲ֪ĴսҲԴ˽ⲻֻ֪࣬ٲнѡ
ⲻϵش£ܿ죬ǽ֮ıϣԽӵĲÿһδ֮춼ᾪ춯ء
ֱ仯߲̾ʵ˵ע⣬кһЦ
СҲڱǰãֲҪһδεĴԴ赲ҵ׷֮Ҫң
ȻǺ뷨ȻҿûгɹĿܡ߲Ŀ˸׷̧һƬ߲ʹâУȴǿʼ֮ıϡ
Ϊڴ˿δȫǰ̣Чѣ߲ʵĹ̴ڰδ¶߲ʹҲֻһʧ
ͻǱ֪Ѿƻضı䣬һЩûҪ鷳ԽƾͼƣΪɹһ̣ÿԽס߲¶΢Цļ׷ȥ
ڶ˵׷У޴ʼչעһУҲ˼Լְֽһ⣬ͷֻһʧ
ӵĥԼܷҵĴڣұ֣Ҷһο飡
֣Ҫʧ޳УȻҲ߲ʵ˵оһ˼㿴˶˵˼
˽ȷߣֻļƻ˿ҿӦ䡭޻ȥں档
ִһУͨÿһεĴ˴ϣѾҪ¶⣬ɫƽһδӰʧеɲǣע⵽£ȡ˹
һ֮йȫһĳֺ󣬹ʧӰһΪڴɲɣ˷֡
߲ʵ˵ȫ󶼷ҪıϣΪ͸ֵͷ־Ӷݣ
ѭŶֵ߲ʵ׷·ߣ߹֮һһ
ʱ仺ţת£һ㣬˽ٴκһΣӰոմһǿ߳ǰ۶ȥ׷ɱ£һûд󣬶һС
ٶ֮죬ɲǾͷɳ֮⣬ӱһţĹһǿŤɲǺ󣬾ֵһƬ֮ԶԶһѾʧȡ֮ģһźѰǡ
仯ǵ˲䣬Ƭ֮ǰֵɢеڣ߲ʹâ߲ʵӰ߳û˿ͣ٣ڳ֮תڴ˽ڡ
һб޴˫Ŀͫ͵Ŀһǣ¶һ˿𾪡
Ļӡ޳ĬƬ̣˫¶δй̾
߲ʵȥ׷ͬûͣ٣׷ڳֺȥֱ˰죬ɻûа仯
ʱսϹʧĵطӲ¶Ϣͬһ㣬ǴЦǰȥʧ˴˽硣
ֱ˿̣ǲȻһܿɢ¶ֿ֣һȥλãɫûа仯һ֮УԳУȥ
ȥλã˿ǰ෴ټֵĽûκ˷֣Ĵнڵ޴нڣͣ
˵֮ǰ֣ӵϢ֮أСǰУ˴˽һϣһƬɳĮû˿͹֮ȻҲûɽأȫǻɳƽԭ
ϥĺһ¶ɱ
ڣҵһηʱˡõһΣҲҪЩ׷ɱߣĽѵ
߲ʵ˷ֶӦûһʱ䣬㹻ˣ˫ȻԴء
֮ߣѼڽٲн֮ʱоһ׷ɱӶݵ˼ձмƣ
ǽӵıϣǵһƣ˼жϣƭ߲ʻսϹҪҲǱǷ֡
һķִ˼ƣ֮У뵽ֵĵڶУԹſ͸ּƻиһ̣ųѭ׷Уڡ
ص㣬Ǳϵıǻظ˽ٴεоٴڷ·ӵشʹ׷֮ˣʶϰʶ
Щõ


1761 ߷ɱ
ޣĿ㣬ǧ֮ͷڣߡϲȡ֮֮
Ŀ㣬Ϣڽڣòڽ֮СµţĿԴﵽǧ֮͸࣬ӵصǰȥɽɽߡ
½Ŀ޴󶼱ӡΪһЩɵĻɽ֮ޣʿϲһɽɽڣʹɽ飬˵һʱ䲻ɽͻΪһƬɳ
Ŀ㣬ҪɡʵҲȷˣ½ϱֵĿ㣬ᱻ̷ӡ
ϥϵĻɳĮڣʵķŴƬɳͬɳ籩һ㣬ǿŰڸأʹĿһƬ谵
Ŀ˽⣬Ǵӵڵ֪߲ļУ䵱һĿٲнڣҪһʱȡȴɢΪź
ֱ֮ǰӶв˵޵ϢֿǵĻɳĮһص˴˵ء
һѻɳ͸һ˿ʶɢ޵Ϣǵڲ
ּ棬˵صޣпܾĿ㡣
һûбκƵĿ㣬ڴ˲нƾõ¡ضᷢı仯˽ֻһǣȻ֮ǣѾĿˡ
һšʶӻջأǵһĵ׸ֳ
кһ̧֮£Ӱûص֮̾ͻǷٽɡ
ɡһ֣϶ֱգɢ£ģһѾ޴ɡſг˴ڡ
ɡ֮ɡĻںϣɡ֮
̧ͷȼյĻɡҧһѪѪһֶʱȼգֱĻȥصУǹɡʧǾ޴ɡǣҲ͸Ӱ
ٽɡںϣֱ˴ˣ̤֮ˣȴȫᱻɡڡ
ˣΪһ
м٣ֿڵΪʩչɡҲЩѣ˿Ҫɡķӳĸࡣ
ӦǿһЩ̧һָĿĿͫڻ汾ԴûȼնǰһУһƬ𺣴Ŀй֮Уǰһֻ޴Ļȸֱնȥ
ǻȸ̫βɢһ㣬Ȧʧ
ֱ˫ۣƽ˰Ȼ˲䣬˫૵Ƭ̼䣬߲֮â˫ͻȻ
߲֮⣬ȥ߲ʵͨһһ˿̱ʩչǹâԽӴĿռǵһзλ
߲ʵǹһͺ˫ͬʱ쿪غ䣬е߲նĻۣȻһ߲ʳǹ
֮ϣɢϢڳ֮󣬷֮ںХֱ·ϥڵҲ࣬һڡ
ˣΪڶ
ʩչִ֮ͨɫ¶ƣûͣ٣˫üģ̳ص֮ӰƬ̼䣬ӰһƬŤȴֱֱӷ뿪
ŴеıվֱնȥһץȻɫ䣬һѾ޴Ŀ츫ֱУһסʧһԡ
ŴУȫһˣΪ
֮ɫήңΪ٣˰ٴ˫ۣһץȻǹ֡
½ΪرоȫҲɽ˷ʩչǷڵĹֳĬƬ̺ҧʳָѪѸһָǹС
Ѫ̴ΧıǹɣϢͼһѪʹɫ԰
ڵϢʱֹͣѪ˫¶âŷһ˦ǹû췢Ȼͣɲоǣʧ
ʧ֮󣬴˴˲ͬȴѷֵʲôط˶ߡ
Ϊֵķ
ͷˮֲȥ̧һָգʱغȴһĹСûУڤ޺Ȼ֡
ӲδȫţֻаɴС˫¶飬ȴп֮ˣ𶯡
һָ£ڤޱ˫ۣϡջһƬƮɢ֮֮УʹһУģһƬ
ڤޣΪֵ
ʿϥڻɳĮϣ˿ɫ¶ƣоδйЩͨɱʩչûʱȫӣ£ȴǿԡ
еֳĬָ̧ѪȻ죬ȴ˺ԼܣѪһԲȦ
ѪɫԲȦɲǣֱһԪѪɫԲȦʹѪŨŨԪ
ԲȦԪѪϢɢɲǣȻһһ𶯴ӵĴںϣʹɳͬˣ
ֲ˼֮˫ĿͫѪ˿Ѫ˿һĸֶԲȦںϺ󣬰ϵϢڸ
ãصɢˣַ˿ڴ
Ŀ㣬ҵĵ
к˸˫ĿУ΢Ľֶǽ͸һɾѪִ֮˿ϣʣһЩ
һץ̽У㹭֣סڡ̧ͷգãֱ˫ۣϸܴ˾ֵı仯
㹭һҲǵ߷
߷ƣô˾֣֮
ʱţתһ㣬˫Ŀûκԥһӣǰһδȼĺɫ֧
Ŵڿһ˦̻һٱȼͬһƮա
ûн֧ȼ֮ǰһףɳ֮ĻɳڣǻŨƮ
ٴһץһΣǰģ˫Ŀյϼû˿ϧ֮ģһָϼüģϼȫһ¶ʹ֮ɫľϣ¶ȻĶĳ֮⣡
˫Ŀɱ䣬ָµɲǣϼ˫ֲԼٿص̧𣬲һץǴû
ϼ֮ɫŨȴû취Լ壬һâһѿ
߷£˿̽ȼָ׳նֻ٣ϣȥһս
սûɱ߲ʻսϹҪģҲɱʱһˣԴӲﵽĳ̶ȡ
ϾսϹ߲ʵˣǶһһˣ͵Ǹ֮ˣĪĻᣡ


1762 Сս
ȼһٲнڷɫ䡣
һֲߣ˿һǿǰУ߳Ȼ͵̧ͷ¶֮â
˭սȼĪ֡һΣǰУѭȥ
һɫ۵ӣһϥɢϸѰУͻȻһŵʲô˫һ˼ʧȥ
ЩԽԶߵڵӣ˿ȫһڲȼ㣬
ͬⶴ֮صĵʶлǴ֮ĵڲͬĽУͬʱߵڵȼϢǵ¶Թ֮ɫнӶݣ˿һҧѰȥ
ǵŮɫ䣬Ŀиԥһ£֪òȥⶴĵĿȫͬĿֻһǾǻؼң
磬ʦţҪ뿪ⶴ磬Ҫص½
ԥУҧ´Ӱʧ
ȼΪϼеѵɲǣٲнڣսսȸսˣͬʱӦ˳Ѱȥ
ǸһȺʿüͷϡɵսϹѺ͵һ٣ɫͷ¶ɱתȥ
˵߲ʵˣϵش£ӵı޷ܣȻ˲䣬ȴ߲֮˸ȫ̡
߲վǰһƬտֵϢǱϵıɢʹ߲ʵˣ̲³ǰ£˫¶֮ŭһĺ͵תĶ
֣ɱ㣬ϷĲݣ߲һȥɲʧ֮أȼ˫գɢ˿εϢϢͬĻڵḷ́ܡ
߲ʴ˿ҲչȫٶȺȻٽ
ֵķƽֳ㹭˹£һͷڵĻɳϣ硣
Ź˫ۣԶԶһ·ʿһȴˡ
ãڴ˽ڣһȻ֣Ǵڣֱ߳һѰٶ֮ˡ
ĴսУ˰׻˾Ҳ֣֮ԽԶߵڵӣǴֲΪף
εҲͬкУƬڣɫƣ໥Էʱк⣬Ȼٲнڣйɱ
һʿڶ࣬ڳֺȴûڵǣֵϢǽһɲǾͼΪĸܵ
ԶǣɫǸӣֵ֪ǵѣֱ治ˡ
ûãߵˣӳֵ߳Ŀɨ󣬿Զǡ
ʱһ޴ƾճ֣Ȼ߲֮˺ѣʹ߲߲֮ʵˣ
߲ʳֵͬʱսϹҲ߲߳ʵ˾ǧɣ໥ۣջĿ⡣
һߣ߲ʵֱԶǣսϹԺһЩϣܵ˷׷ǰжȥΨ߼ˣվǿһۿȥ
ǵҲԥ֮£û
߲ʵӰ죬ɲǼͳ⣬ϸĿһ۴ǣüͷΪȻ˴ϵĶߣǸܵ˵ľϢ
һУʹ߲ʵ˽Ųһ٣⣬ԥ
ǲһضἤŭޣòʧѡȴҲд˿ǡ
߲ٵͣɲǣǻɳ֮ϣȻ˫ۣ¶ƽ̧üһģ̧֮УĹ⻷ƣȴǵִ꣬ȡ
ɿ֣Ưͷһ֮âɢϢû˿ңң
˵ջԶԶû߲սϹǿңƮ˲䣬߲սϹԣͬǰһĿǰ־Ϳȡߣ
ջ󣬶˵޷ֿ
ӽĳǰһߣ˻ȡֻ֮ǣǿջһĺ졣
߲˫¶â˿ٲȥǴǴһκХΪΪҪעڳ˯⣬಻̫ᡣ
ڴˣôԸ߲һ£׵Ĵǿ̤ǣ˴Ļڡ
սϹջ󣬼߲ͬʱ̤ǣʿһԥҲ׷ٽǵ˼ȴһ
䡢ȸˣǳȺ̤ա
ͬʱЩˣɫ˵ƽȴȻѪһ㣬Ŀ¶ս⣬ŵ㹭һЩ
֪һΣɱ˼˾̧ͷĻ˿Ļٶˣϣֿ߲ʵˣսϹ̤ʿ
һٽɡɡ߲ʵٵɲǣһָա
һ̻˺ɫǺ첢Ѫǻ⣬ƾճ֣أһ˲䣬ǳΪ˻ĻǺ³˲㲨ƣȴǾ޴ĹɡںУֱӷ뿪
֮ǰʧɡǣ˿Ҳ֮ûǼɡˣһȻ֡
ɡȡգ̤֮ͬ˵·赲ͬһ㣡
εӱһԹɡ赲ɡ⣬ͬһɱ¾ʱһɱ¾Եߣȫһ
Ͼǵɱ¾֮ڣϾȥΣʶҪֹ⡣
̤ǣǹɡɡڸ·ʿһɫȻһ䣬߲սϹҲһ˿ȴɲö룬رգһֱ˶
ٽɡͲⶴͨټȫʩչ֮󣬸Ļ汾Դ֮£ڴ˵ʿȼ
ٽɡѧһһΣĲһеȥʩչ
ѧԷӣɡȿΪɱ
ɣգɫͺһĶȥպȴǻûľ޴ɡ
ɡͬһѳſɡٲ£һ㣬ԽˣڵĻԽǱȶȴﵽ˼Ϊֲĳ̶ȣ֮£ʱ˵ʿУΪûдﵽԶߵڵеˣ̷ĲҽУͬʱȼգɲǳɻң
ɣգֵ𣬰ɡƶǰδеɣǹɡۿɼٶȣҽлһξսˣҲɫ䣡
ôҲû뵽־Ȼӵ½ټĴͨ


1763 ɱ
˳ɣգֵļޣǰ˳ɣڴ˻ڵɲǣɫֱӲ԰ףţ̿˥˴롣
ͬʱǹɡ䣬£ҽлصУ֪˼ˡ
ս𶯣Ѫȫֿ֮ɡչȫٶȣҪ
߲ʵսϹˣ˿ҲɫܻǣҲͨ²òֿһϾΪߣȴǲһǿ
صУ߲ʵ˴ͨһ壬ͨڣҲٽɡ֮ڣ˵ʩչһ֮˻Ҫ˽ࡣ˿ͺһԾȴǴǻڵһɱֱ֣
кһ˳ɼ֪֮޷ƶʮɣɡͨﵽЧ֪㣡
߲ʳɲǣ͵һƣ
غ߲ʹâ˸߲֮Ӵֱգеһ𺣵߲໥ӳһ֮󣬼ֱ˴ˣϵϣȫ߲֮⡣
һ߲ʳǹһХУĴֱӳͬһ߲ʳ³ȥֱ߲ʵˣ
һĻ̫ͻȻ߲ʵ߳𺣵ɲǣ˫ͫ͵ؾһ˦䣬ʱʧȥ̨Ȼûֿ֮ͬǰǽһ㣬̨£߲ʵ˰ڡ
һΣ߲ʵ˵̨ȴֵֹ߲֮ͨǹͨǷٽɡһǲⶴ֮һʩչܷӳΪˣ
һǹХɲǾٽ̨һ˲䣬̨Ƭ꣬һƬƬһƬĩͬʱ̨֮Ȼ
¶һ߲ʣ˼̧һ˦һһһ߲ʳǹûֵ߲֮ǹֱӾһ
䣡
춯أ߲ʳǹŰ˷һ˲䣬ֵĵ֣
ǳɢУֱûüģ˫ĿǵӰڱۣ䱾һǧɣӰںϺ󣬲ֱ˴ˣſ޸ǳǹͬʱͺ͵ǰֱһӶȥ
һУǿ޸Хֱ߲ʵˣһ̣Ҳ߲ʵ˺ǻУսϹ֮߳ʱ
սϹĿһ¶̰֮ɫֱ޸߲ʵˣսϹǰһȥԼٶȳֱ֣ǰƯĵ꣡
߷֮أսϹԸΪȲԷȴڣսϹٽɵɲǣȻ̧ǰָһۡ
ķѪ
սϹͻȻһ٣ɲǵãţ䣬սϹǰһƬѪɫл޴ĺɫϢ䣬һսϹ
ֻ߲ʵ˶ɱסһЩʱ䣬սϹͬ޷ܿڱɵɲǣϥ£ɫ仯
ͬʱֱľ޸ٽ߲ʣȻµ˲䣬ҵ쾪𣬻Уı֮޷˵߲ʣ֪һ㣬ʶһ
޸ƬУڱȫ£ֱȻѪɵŲǰ׼Уȴںвϵػֱָϥķںϵɲǣȫָơ
ȻѪ£ɫϣĿġ
ٿ߲ʵˣͷɢң¶Ŵ󲽣֡ͬʱսˣҲһһǵĽŲȴɲǣ׷һ٣¶޷֮ɫ
ôҲû뵽Ȼһ棬սϹɫŤһְ֮
߲ʵˣͷɢǱǷһ
ûп֮ǰһĻ˿ֱӿ˽ȴ˺Ȼ𣬸޷ţ߲սϹΪ˾ȻǰǱɵ
սֵĿ⣬¶δйļɵ飬һ˶Աȣļ¡
սɫ԰ף͵ת¿ȥ뵽ֵ־壬ЩڣԼˣ
ȸսΪӣ˿̿ǰһĻѹĵ𾪡
ǵŮò߳𺣣Ȼˣ˿ֿ⺧ȻһĻֵĿ־壬ٴα
ʵϣִ˿Ȼˣǵű𣬶Ѿˣһж¶Ȼԡ
ռƣɼ߲ʵ˵ǿ
߲ʵ˶ֵɱȻﵽ۷壬˿кХɲٽ̧Ͳץ꣬Ҫɱ֣
Ѫɫ˫ȴһƬ侲߲ٵɲǣ㹭̧߲ʵһָ
ڤɵأ仰һ˲ؼǺУ߲ʵ˵ǰһ޴ѷ죬ѷ죬ԶԶһȻһŴڣ
ڤޣû˫ĿȻ¶֮⣬߲ٽɲǣȻһ̣
ڤڣɵɲǣӻںòԶߵڵӣһûȿܵһУʱֱӱһڤڡ
յĻ𺣶ֳһֱڤڡ
սɫ仯Уϵ壬ͼֿǵȴڼ޷Կֱӱڤڡ
˴ڤޣɫһƬɷף֮ǰһοʱ²⣬̵һĻţֻһڤ޵ɫ˳ɣֲǷԼ룬¿ڤĿ⣬ȴް㻳ɣзĺˡ
߲ʵɫһ䣬ŲȻͣĶڤޣ¶֮ɫ
졭
ڤ޲޷̫ǿ֮ˣһף֮ȻѡԴΪҪ߲ʺȻһɲǣ
Ͼ޷ʩչ߲ʵϣǷ֮ܲסʶڤ֣Դ˻綨һЧ
¶֮ЦֻЦݺѪϵһЦݿΪɭ
Ŵ͵һģһѧԶȸ׻ٿ֮һֱֵ֮ӿȻ̼ǳ˯ڴ˵صȻĿڣ
һ˲䣬֮ǰѪѪɫԲȦ̺ȻնڽɢʹϵѪԪأȫı
ѪɫԲȦһУȻֱ߲ʶȥ߲ʴѵɲǣѪɫԲȦֱӱ
Ϣ߲ʵһɲǴغһɷ˯꣬ص˻𣬴Ӵƴ
ֵͬʱصĻɳȫ


1764 ߲ʽ٣
ɳ꣬ȫɲǣ£γɳĻʹģͬʱƵŷ֮⣬ӵص¡¡Ļ
˻ǣ˲ϢҵǰĴأԼǧɷΧĻɳȻȥţ˻ŴذݣһƬڹ˸Уһ״֮ޣȻʹǵصֱӳ
һǧɴϸһƬȫľޣͬһ޴˿ĲڡԶԶһ޴ռͷȫλã˺ֱ߲ʵ˶ȥ
˫ʼձպϣҲӣдĴ֣֮˿ЩƣȥȴǴһ
춯أ˻ɲǾٽ߲ʵԣҪɵ˲䣬߲˫ǰȻһĶȥ
һ߲˸ڴͷ֮أ޷ʹԱ俪ɣͷŤ֮£ȴڰ߲ʵ͵һ
һ֮£߲һ߲ʹâȻɢƬ˿һ֮ֱ޿ڣȻ˲٣
߲ʵɫһ䣬ս˸Ƿ׷ɫ仯޵ϢΪǿǵԲ𶯣սˣڿɶͷһɲǣ̾ϳ˴޵ݣ
Ŀ㣡⡭ȻĿ㣡
˵ޣ֮ǰ޾ȻĿ㡭ûܵκƵĿ㡭ϵسɳ񣬴ޡ޵Ŀ⣬¶ء
ޣĿ㡭ֱ˫ĿñպϣûһգдһĿ㿪ۣɫ䣡սĿ㣬Ժийش޵һϵдԡ
ĿУȻһΣٴγ߲ʣΪǳ߲ʵ֮ǰһƸ˾ʹ˿̷ĳȥſУٴ
̫󣬴˿Ĳ֣ҲСѣˣȥ֮ʱҲǷڸأγһƬ谵Ӱ
߲ʵ¶ɱĿٽɲǣ˫̧֮£Ȼ̧һָա
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˵ʱʱ죬ת֮䣬޴ֱһѾץסǳ߲ʵ˵Ŀޣ߲ʵһ£ֱ͵һק
غ䣬ǱֱץסĿޣУȫɵ壬׵ıõֱ۴ӵصק˳
ק֮Զغݺݵ˦ȥһ죬̳ѷ죬Ҫķһ㣡
ĿӴ˵ϣ·ƤɫѪɳȾһ
һ˻֮Ŀдյ˫۴ȴǲҪ˫ۣգȴûһ֮ûĿ
һ̶İ˻ȴڴ˲䣬ǴΧ𶯣߲ʵת׼ֵɲǣȻɫ䡣
ȴǲ洫ڴǰ˸λõĻɳĮڣһ˲죬ۿɼģڴ˵ذ˷ɳ߸߹γɽһ㣬ֱ˵ض
߸߹ĻɳɽγɰֱߣԼٶȣٽɲУ˴˵أһ£ǰɳɽȻֱӷɳ谵ľӰ
ʲôɽǰɴС߶Ŀޣ
ǣһĿ㣬Ǿ
ſԶĵһ⣬Ŀ˻ͬʱӴӣ߲ʵܰ˷ڳ֮ȫſڣֱ߲ʵɶȥ
𶯣ɳ棬˵ֽ꣬㹭̧ͷ˫Ŀգͬһʯһ
ڵȣһֵĻᣬһγ֣أ
£֣ǰĿ߲ʶȥ˲䣬Ȼվӣס㹭͵̧һסңһбֱһ㣡
֧ڹһ˲̻ûǹ֮ϣֱָ߲ʣһɻصϢںȻ
û˿ԥɲɿǱݺݵĹңһ»صȥһɾڣƶ֧Хֱ߲ʵˣ
ɫ䣬Ƶزջ谵һ޷ݵɱ֧˺գ˺أ˺һ谭߲ʣ
ɫ԰ףӼٺˣ˼ɱΣ̹ģ
ս¶֣ͬ˼֮˿ٴοͷƤ飡
һȡʱΪǰĿɶȥɲǣ߲ɫޱ䣬˫ͫȻͺ˫ȫ߲֮â˸ȫڡ
ʱĿɶȥ춯ض˲䣬һֱӳ߲ʹâڣ߲ʵ֮
䣬Ǿҵ촫ܣֱӱķѣʯܵȥ
ӺˣѪеĹȴɱס
սĲƻص䣬ɨ壬Ѫ˿̺ȻˣƬǿ֮С
ʱһŭ˻̶Ĵ䣬ϣĿȫɫѪȫ˱ݺݵرƳǧɣֻ߲ʵ߲ʹâ˿̸Ť䣬
¶ڵ߲ʵˣؿڴѪȾ죬ݺݵشؿڣȴ߲ʵץס˼βûн崩͸
߲ɫ԰ףȴ¶͵һק̾ͰںݺݵקѪݣĿģ
קһɲܱ俪˵İĿ㣬ȴ뷢ǿյ˻˻УĿӲѪУʼձպϵ˫ۣȴһ˿
Ŀ㣬ȫһ˿˫ۣ¶һƬââ˸˲䣬Ŀͬٴγ߲ʣһεĳȫ˫Ŀɢĺâƣ磬Զ֮ǰ
ֲ˼ֹסԼٶ˫Ŀ΢Ľһ£ڶ˹ңͬʱ߲еļɢֵĹ֮ϣ
߲ʣɱȻһɣХ죬ڶ糤ȥ
ǿУΪ׵ˣվԶûвһɱ¾˿̿δ㹭ܵڵĺƵ֮ȴɫһ䡣
ͫ¶Ȼһοʩչ㹭𺳵ĸоΪǿҡ
㹭Ȼ֣ˣ֮ǰȥǣ⣬֣Ǵ˹
ݷɫƽȴˣֺݺݵסԴڸĵľ֣ȻңǣûбƵĶԷó˹ڴ˹ûаտԵֿһ֮


1765 ֣
ڵڶһɲ˫ĿڵѪ۵Ľ⣬ʱҪɢ˫ĿУڽҪɢȥһ˲ȴǱǿٴ۱һ˿
һ˿Ѫ֮
ı˿ֵ˫Ŀڵڶ˲䣬˫ۡ
ףԼһ֮ȴһˡ
˼һǿպһҪ߲ʵ˻죬һ˿˫ĿĿ㣬ľ˿ֵĵڶ߲ʸ𶯣ȫΪ֮
һƬ߲֮£߲ʵ˵⣬Ȼ߲㲻ͬɫĹĻĻڸӡǣڳֵɲǣĿХ
ԶԶһĿٽĹмСɲǼ䣬ȻǺڹ˸УȻ˰֧
֧һһû˿Ϣ޶һĻ߲ʵһ㶣սпһĻʿȫһ£
ĪǴĿ㿪ۺӵе츳ͨԶһĻߣ˫ۣĿתĿȥ
ͬڴ˵ǿڵ޴ɫƽĿǰĿɨǴ˵Ψһһ֪Ŀ֮ͨˡ
Ŀޣһ˫ۣԻûκһӵдﲿֻ޺ѿĿ˵ضڵ⼸ֻټĿһȻȤ
֧˴˽һȻֲ٣˿̺Хֱ߲ʵˣ߲ʵɫٱ仯߲ʹĻŤУ
ɫĻɲǱһͬĻа֧ȴûȫɢڱ»˰Ŀ㣬֮ǰǱĵһ벻ԶĿȫһϢ
˳һƬڸʶľˣܺɨУھ֧͸һбϣֱ߲ʵ˶ȥ
һƺߴڴϣɢϡȴ߲ʵһѪؿ¶һȭͷСĿѪϵȴ£ش
ŭ죬߲ʵ˷ǰһζƣֱֶȥһɱɫ¶֮⡣
ϷɲҪ꣬ҲҪɱ㣡߲ɲٽ˫֮£̳˾ŸĿ̫
Ÿ̫߲ʵˣǿͨ˿̱ԥʩչɱ֣
ɫ԰ף˿Ȼ;ƿһ㣬˼ޣҧ֮£㹭Ȼ㹭ڴ˽类֪һο
ٴλûǼϻմȾѪɿң˼ΣХ
ɳɲǣ̱˫ۣƤµͫڣȫɢĽ⡣
߲ʵؿѪڵٽɲǣ˫ǰȻһӣɫ˷һδƣ֮ˣȻΪԶԶ֣
ıģԼ㹭Ҫͳ֮ԭԴ˹ǣԭҪսϹԹԴ˹սϹ
ϾѹսϹ˭޷ʩչʹãǲ
ȴû뵽Լģ㹭ҪĸоһУɱ֣
˫ӡǱ仯ǾŸ̫ɹâֱӷɳֱǵȥ
춯أХǾһ𣬺֮У½ǵҲ߽ͬļմĿĹâһзλȻ
һɻصںȻɢ֮ǿ޷ݣսԽһЩһȫȻֱ
˽ǿգںɨУ鿪һ
һлûнɻ߲ʵȫΪı£ٲн޷ֿŴ˽Ļٲнǳ£½ı鿪
սȻ֣ȸս˷ĺˣҪ𣬸ɫ԰л絹ȥ
Զεˣɫ仯ˣҪ뿪˻ĵһٽ磡
ɻ֮ĵ߲ʵˣؿںನ֮ȴǳ߲ʵڣʹƸأѪˡ
˫ȴɷ
֮£ôΪҿεֿ
־ȷ˿ǻ֮֮ǿձֵŴеҲ޷ֻֿҪ壬̾ͻ
ּȻȻ׼ѾϵձضɻȻȫ׼ǻ֮Хٽɲǣ˫£ֱ̧һץ
ְ̾
̽⾪ȴһݳ˯źķӣ˫ץֱӳǰ
ӵ˲壬ǿձˣ
ӻڳ˯ʼûѣ˿ǱץżЩŤ˼º󣬼˯ȥ
һɲǣ̺˻ĳ٣˷ϣȫͻȻҵ˸ǻĳ£Ȼ
Ƿȴһ٣ϡɵ˫ۣ¶ãͬʱʶķŭǻѣڰ˯֮Уŭǰ߲
˭˭˭ű˯̫۸ˣҪҸ磬̫ˣ߲ʴûע⵽ԼļţΪֵֵ˾޴󲿷ֻ֮ĳ
̫ˣȻڱ˯ʱǡǡǷ˵˵ţȻִ˺Դһᣬٴ˯ȥ·֮ǰĻֻλһ㡣
ĳ֣ĻȴǸܴһޱң߲ʵ˱ˣ˿̿ǣɫȻ仯ǰеһ٣ɲѹ²͸ֻм֮ǳ֣ټֵ㹭һĻˣҧ֮ȻˣȴһսУһѡӶݱܿ
ԶǱսϹ˫ۣȴûѡ߳ĿһУĿ˸֪дʲô
ԶӶݵֱӾһЩڷӵĻһͷ׹¡
ˣ
ǲֻӶݵȸսˣ͵ת¶ĺȻ𾪣Ŀű˫ķӣɫ˿־塣
ǣ
𾪣Զǵͬɫ̲԰ףɫɲǵĴ͡
Ϊ׵ˣһߣǷӵĿ⣬͸޷ݵĿ־塣
ȻȻ֪˵飬˿̿䣬һƬհס
޴𣬴˿ǾĿ㣬ߵ󣬺ȻĿһͣϸĿǷһۣ˫Ŀ¶֮⡣
ǡĵܵܣȻҲ


1766 
зΪֿڷǻ֮ʱȻ˴룬ﵽֵĵŴпԵֿĳ̶ȡ
˿ڷº˯ɲǣ󼲳۶ˣֱԶǾĿȥ
ٶȼ죬ź˯ŵķӣ˲˾ĿԱߣһۿȥȴ˫Ŀͫһ
֮ǰľĿ㣬Ȼ
ʧˣ
Ͼȥ˼ִһ˦̾һϢĿ㱻ߣҪȥץǵʱĿǰȻʧ
ͷƤһ飬͵̧ͷʧĿ֮һƬտֻٽĺص
վһ֣¶΢ЦĿߣֵӣЦݸʢ
Ŀ΢ɲһ֪Ŀһأ߲ȡĿٲнʱ֣ڵļڣ֪
һֻĿ㣬䣬ֻһֳƱĿ㣬໥֮Ϣӣ봢ռ䣬Ǳǿɻһ˿ϵ
ͷһУû˿ԥתȥ
ʱѹڹʼղֵսϹȴһ֮£Ȼ
߳սϹǰѡҪô׷ɱȡ꣬Ҫô׷Ӷݵ߲ʣѷʱڻ꣡
ڻΪûе꣬޷ֻɣںϣȴǿһڣ󣬼ΪɣȴûԼ꣡
ѡÿһսϹĪջ֮׷ɱȥ꣬սϹȴɵԷ㹭֪Էм֮һ˷ʱ䣬߲ʵΪָòʧ
ǷŹ֣սϹвʣһݣｫԷȫ£
ԥͷ˵ʵϾսϹ߳һ˲룬ʱֵĻɳƣеٽڻص
սϹΪһмֺ֮ɭڣŷӣУһȥֱӰʧĶսϹ
սϹ֣ͬõӰģĶ֣ȴû׷޷ȷֻм֮ԸԸȥģ
֮ѡ߲ʣսϹҲΪķУ߲ʵ˸ƫִϾֻ֮ӵ֮ͨսϹ⾳Դĸ˵սϹһЩ
ͬ飬ǻ߲ʵˣ޷׼ȷжѡ񣬵սϹϣа˳ɰգ
߷ɱУĽ߲ʵˣֻûпΪԼɱԽƣ
ֶ߲ʵ˲ľ棬УսϹĳ֣һ߲һսôսϹ䲻Լ֣һ棬ҲսϹһݴ
һУͿսϹղˡ
ʵϣֵļƻ˵覴ãȴɹսϹԥֱ࣬ӰʧսϹ˫Ŀһ͵תͷ߲ӶݷĿһ˿̰ȥ
ԶĿһУ˫һ˶ߣȻĶУûпսϹ˼ƻ
еһ˲䣬˵ٲн磬ȫ֮£ǶĴڣ̤ȥǶɫĴ󻨣¶ˮȻ֮һͬʧģ󻨣˻ٿή䡣
ֲ֪֮ʧк󣬳֮ʱȻ뿪ⶴĵĵһٽڣһڡ
һѪɫ԰̰Ȼ˯ķߣϾȥϥˣܿȥ
ػ谵ǰȴһĹ֮ɢâǺâڱ
⻨Ȼһ䱻Ļ䣡
廨ţ߲𶴸ĵķԴΪֶǱĻ䣬ӵھ֪̫࣬ɶ߲𶴸ȴ֪֮
ٲн磬Ϊһ⣬Ϊڶ༸УпɢûпҲ÷
νţһڣͨļ䣬֪һĿصǵļ䡣
֮У߼һ棬ţͨ½֮ţ֮ԻһΪǵ廨ʵϾ߲ķ֮ӡ
ǰĵڶһԥܿĿо¶ϣǰһֱӾǱ֮ںϣʧ˱ڡ
ˣ˿û˾ͽڶУǱ֮»ûڵڶڵһ˲䣬һѪ
Ѫһ̾ͻһƬѪžž˵ϣ˺󼸲񣬿ܣһ֮£һ㶡
˵һƬ磬أգƲȫ⣬һƯĴ½ͬһ޴׶ӹ
ڶڣʲôطɫأʶɢƶڵڣûлڶϢʶɢ˫Ŀ¶⡣
Щڱڣڳ˯һĻܵһϤĹϢ
Ƭ̺ͻȻɫһ䣬ֱĶأʶǸ򣬹ϢΪŨ
Ĭ䣬ѹƣ̤գǹϢ֮أأһͣգɺ棬ǰһ
ǰ⣬ͬһƬУһ׶εʯ飬ϥһŮӣŮ֣üģ߸ǵ㣬תɢϢ
Ů񣡣
ѷռ䣡
Ůӽë˫ۣĿһƬƽԶңңƿɿ֣˵Ŀ⣬У
ӭڡŮڣΪƻڡ
⣬ֳĬڿطɲǣɹϢΪϤɱʱܵϢ
Ƕǣǰ߳һ²һ£ԽŮǰ⡣
Ů֣Ҳ֮âƽ£ֻҡҡͷ
ǶڣǶǡ
ӦýӴ֣֪䡣ֿһŮӣڶԷü߸ǵɨϥһԡ
ȣ£ϡŮڡ
˵ǶҲãҲգΪλڵڶУĿһ˵
ǵһڴ˵ر󣬴Ӷڽ֮ˣϣܸܵ˵ĻꡭŮӻᣬֶУȴһ
ˡû˵ȣȴġ
˵廨еڶһУ˴̺į֮Ѫҡ
Ƕڣȫ˼ڵɣ½ϵĶڴ죬Ӧһһ
ҵˣ߲ǶڵĵӣһЩ鱻磬Դ˻
һУ˵ͣȥ˵һûͳΪ˱⡣
ǵһ֮ˣ˵ķֻ꣬ˡ̧ͷ֣Ὺڡ
ˡį֮ѪںϺ󽫻Ӧˡ


1767 
ֳĬϥŮӲԶ߻صԷЩ飬ڵûлãϾûȫںϡ
ܣ˵޾⣬ЩŮ˵ӡ
Ƭ̺ҪڣȻɫһ䣬̧ͷԶֻڣִģĲƣ̤ɡ
ǵһߣǴ˵صˣߣϣ˵ػɽ󷨣ֹһǰС
ֻΪ̫ߣ޷ֹ̫áŮͬڵĲƣĿڡ
˵꣬Ůӿ֣һͷ̧һӣ֮ϣȴһƬƬƾճ֣Դ˵ΪģܺɨȥغǾ춯صı֮£̾Ϳ˵磬Ȼȫ⡣
ֱ⣬û˿϶һ绯һ޴ı飬УһƬ͸Ļ谵
Զո̤˵صˣȻͻȻֵıסһ
ΨŮڵ½أ޴ıڣޱ֮
ʱ䲻᲻֮ΪߣҲϢߡŮԴУ̧֣üһ㣬üĳһУâ˸䣬һѪ۶Ůӵָϡ
ѪŮ֮С
մįԪ֮Ѫƿɻָ˵ţָǰһѪֱֶȥǰߴͣ٣Ưɢ貳â
ֿǵѪһۣڴϤįϢѪӦįһԪ֮ѪգԲ
û̾ߴѪŮüͷ
ΪҪҡֻڡ
ΪŮ΢΢һЦȴִϡ
ΪΣֶŮӣٴοڡ
ŮĬ꣬һ˿꣬Ƭ̺ơ
į֮ѪΪ˿ضڣ֮λֻǣѾȥ̫̫ãħλѾڳ˯֮ˣûҲ½ȥ
ȴܴ֮Ӷ֮ضǴ廨ڣҪȥѰڣ뿪ⶴ硭
˶ţ뿪˵ءŮ˵ţͷһݣ˿һɢ䣬ͬٲ
ֳĬƬ̣ͷ
ҿ԰㣡̧һסǰѪҺʵŮӶԻУʱ䣬˵ͬʱǷֳʶϸϸĲ鿴ѪĶߣֱΪû˿Լĵطŵͷ
ץסѪȻԼüģѪüĵ˲䣬䣬ʶȴǷֳһʼջ⣬Ůа춯̻ɱˡ
įԪ֮Ѫüģɢһ˿˿ںϣĵȷȷį֮Ѫڽںûг˿ų⣬Ǽܵһ
įѪǰɢжʱ죬üģ˫Ŀħǵͬʱû˴ת֮УѪҺڵһ
ԶڣǴ΢ЦһĻĿ⴩ڣԶ㡣
˵ض˵һ컯ˣұְ㹻ʱˡ̧Աһ㣬̴˵رϢ䣬һ޵ϢϢУ˵رʱٱǧ򱶵ʵ
Ҫ೤ʱ䣬Ҿ͸೤ʱ䡣΢΢һЦϥһԣһĿⲢǿ֣Ů
Σվҵһҹ֮ˣŮԺ٣ŮǿԼΪΨһһӵ̡Ҳ䡣°ͣиͷ
ǵįѪڼٷɢ𶯣ϥת֮£ͻ֮
Ѫ̺ĵ֮˵֮ͬǴ˿ˣǼΪѵãȫʹȫΪǿ
ĹѪҺںϺ󣬶ʱֹ֮ǰҪ
Ѫ⣬ѪҺں£ŷ˸Ϊǿ֮һɿµϢ˿дɢܵɲǣŮ˫Ŀһ
ɫƽȴŭ죬Ѫ룬ʹϣįԪ֮Ѫһ͵įԪ
ֵɣȴֳįӰӰѰսʱû֮Ӱƣ䱾ȴȻ
ѰսӰ򶷷ʱڵ֮ûУ¶һ˿һӶɢɡ
ӰȴɢۣӰ׼ȷ˵įԪ
ԪѪҺۣʱţӰʵͬһƯһĻΪ졣
ͬʱǴʵʵį֮ϣɢįϢϢǾ춯أһѪҺĹ֮壬Ϣͬȣ
˫ѹһįѪҺ壬Ĥݣ
ŮͳįԪ֮ѪȻǹ˵ڣįѰ֮Ѫ
˿ѹ£Ůɫ԰ףڵأһ
޿į֮¶̾һ
įӣʽϼѣѪⶴ绯壬Եɺϳ֣įйֻǣȥ֮ȴǡˡޱ˫ۣΪֶ˵أֻѰһįֻѾѡ
įѪԪ֮ѪΣһԪ֮Ѫһ𣬾ͿɳԪ񣬴Ӷжᣬ򱻶ĶضѪҺеĺ󱲣ûʧܵĿܡ
ͬѾ˹Ͽɣ˻Ѫ
һǱįҪĴڣį޷ɹʱֻį֮Ȼһ̻˿ֵ˲䣬˳ϣڡ
һɲǣ˫ۣĿһƬƽ֮ǰںУȻһ󣬵ףį᲻Լ
˿į֮˳룬ʱ仺ţʱĺһһƬĹСջѰ֮
˫¶ǿһ䣬ڣįԪȻʧˣӵлѪǰ޷Կܽ⣬ΪֵŴеһ֡
ֵƣȫĻָѪį۵Ӱ˺ܴĹЧˣҪ£ãָ
˿ֵ̣ĵŴУȻ˴룬ʣһۣԼڹ֮Ļصĵ֮ģ
ߣһֻ֡
ֺ֮УĿڲ෽һɨڡ


1768 į
һȥһɲǣֵĿ˫۽һ㣬һ֣޺Ǿ档
ֻǺܿ죬־ĿɨͬѰһ㣬ֻһš
ֺƽ˿̵ƻָǬ֮סȭͷͿɺ俪һ㣬ɵ֮ڻصʹּΪ
ĴУÿһδжǼΪʹ࣬Ȼʡ
֮صȫÿһͷÿһ˿ѪߣסĿ⣬Ԫ񣬸£ƻ㹻֣ɢ֮⣬ʱԱ䱾ԴںϺ֮ͨ
һѪãǿңһѪǴﵽԲһΣһȻ
ڵĲֵͬü˫Ŀ˿ǵ㣬˵ûӣȴΪʵת֮£ĹŨν̱Ԫһ㡣
ֵĸӦУ˿һɺ֣ͬƺָįұһ㡣
£֮ǰûںһѪʱûκη֡
ƽڵ֮ʹϢ¶ǰڵصŮŻӣֵĿ⣬͸η
ŵһ˲֮ͬ棬𶯡
л֮ǰҪĳҵţ뿪Ůһȭ
Ůͷû˵
ӡʲô̧һָܺķ
Ƕڵĺɽٳڣֻⶫٳǰ˼ڴ죬Ǿ߱Ů̧ͷȥɫ¶Ի
ĿһǸλã̤꣬ն
ĳҪȥһˣ֮£Ҫл¶Թ֮ǰԹ뿪˵أŮһȭû˿ͣתǺ֮ıȥ
㺮ƣȴֹǰУ˵ر⣬ֻǶ˶ѣֶԣƽء
ڱ֮ڣ棬ҲԸ⣬ֻΪһתȻȻɢ
ͬ棬ǰУӰӰӰƶһģŤӰɨ֮һۣɫ糣ļǰС
˵غܴ󣬵ֵٶ£ǺĸоԽԽǰ֮⣡
ؾܱ⣬ֻܿ˵һɽɽԽһɲǣĿɽһ޴ĳˮ
ˮһ㣬ȴͬ͸һơ
ĿһǰУƬ̺ˮϣͷ·һ֮£˫ĿͫȻһ
ǳˮ˵⣬ȴڰ͸УվϸڣԴ¿һЩȴǱĺڣȻһ
һֻ޴ֱۣһֻ֣
į֣˫¶⣬֮ǰʱ²⣬Ϊįۣȴû뵽Ȼ֣
ںįұۺ˺֮˺ʿ塭ںۣ˫ͬʱʩչ˺֮뵽ȻĶ
ҽ̧һ̤ҪڣͻȻ֮䣬ȴһɷ֮Ӻں˫ţʹһΣ޷ڡ
Ŀһ·㣬˵غǹ죬λõıȻͬ
ٳءӦþǶٳˡֻǲ֪˳кܱ߲𵥶ƾż䴴ϸĿ˿ܣȴûз˿֮
ĳˮѰ
ӣַںϣһ֮£֮ȴ̳𶯣һϸܵѷȻЩѷֵɲǣȴϺһɢָ̻糣
һ˦Ѫӳ£Ѫһֱȥһ죬Ѫ׷ɣıһݣдѷⰼݱԵֻɲǾͻָ糣
ֶűأĿ⴩͸㣬įϣģһЩߡ
˳֮įںϣһӵįĻָ֮ԣǽٻҲ˲Ϣϡֲδĵ׳˼ǵ˵Լ˵ˡ
Ͽգޱ˫֣ͬǳˮֵĻЦЦ¶Ź֡
ȥƲüͷһ壬ָ̧צڵ֮ȻȫָУָɢĿĹ⣬ɢŨŨĵϢ
Ų𣡡ֵУָƳص֮ӰгǧӰϣȻɢһɲǣֵ·㣬ֱһץȥ
𶯣ػϣȴֵڿס·ر˲䣬ɢĳǧӰȻ
һ֮£ʵֿͬ۳˳ǧΣеŲϣǳˮ֮Կʹú죬ֵһͺ£ָסر͵һקˮУһƴСı飬ֿ۳
ű飬ַǰϸĿ˼ۣԻԴ֮ȼգȴ޷ڻ㣬ԽԽ˫Ŀأڣ̺һ˿ָܣ뱾Դơ
ȴвͬ˵һָоƺ˵ûб⣬ԱԴкô
ֻһ˿֮ϡ٣Ǵֳ֣Ƭ̣¶
˵߲ͨ䴴죬Ҳ˵ⶫٳأ½ĵȷȷڣ书ЧҲпԴ
߲ΪϾޣֻܴţ޷ⶫٳصЧ
һ˼ְ߷봢ռ䣬죬ڴռҲδڻͬˮһɢ
ųرٴ̧̺˵ŲϳĺģʱţʱһԳڱڣУֽϱķϵ֮
ֹ˰ʱ䣬һУֿסڵָڿ۳һ麮Ľ±ڣ¶į۵Ƥ
ƤֻаƴС¶棬һƬ֮ɫŨŨĵϢȴֱӿϥһԣְį¶Ƥϡ
ְµɲǣįɢһƬĹ⣬â͸ܱ㣬йʹؿĹһɹ
ƬâϵɢŰ˷ȥַԲɢ
ʱ仺ţĿ֣ɳʶܣУںįۣ˵ұ۵ľ飬һּһ㣬ǱڵįۣС
СĹУɢĹ⣬ۣȫصį۵һɲǣֻ֣˿һ㣬ڣ


1769 ٹĹ
һʹһ㴫ֻɲǾֶͷֳ亹ɫȴû˿仯̧֣һ˿һϢǱɢԼֱڡ
˿ûоͷϵӿֱۣģֱֵĴֲһƬƬӵķӡֱ֡
ֱһ󣬵һ˿ӱɢںϺһ統įʱǿ˺صĸоȻӿ
ָ֮صãסȭͷվһȥ䣬˳صİա
̧˫֣һǿĸоڻصںįۺֵüģ˫Ŀڣ֮ǵ㣬Ȼ˾ҵı仯
ֱ仯ǵھǽǰףģģڣ
˫ۣڵĵ֮˫ǿƬ̺ͻȻ˫ۣͷ·أ˫¶һ˿˲䣬˫ͬʱ̧·أգݺݵһ˺
˺죡
ֵͺУ˫ͬʱסգ˺Ķغ·̾Ȼ䣬һ޴ѷ죬Ȼͳ˱ڡ
ѷһ֣̾ͷ죬ȴǺȻ߽֮£鵹أȫ߽⣡
زڱرͬһ޴ѷ죬֮صУѷͬһӿ¡ԽӾУرѷŸ졣
֮أǱƣ޴Ķ⣬ԭһףǽⶦ֮ˣ׸ϡ
˿̣Щȴɢ˴룬߲ʵ˵ףҲģУȫɢ֮ⶦϣֵսϹףΪɢڹ⣬˶ơ
˿̣ⶦ廨ŵĵڶڿռڣ䱻ĻȴǴϣȻһ޴ѷ죬ѷ첻ϵر˺ȫ͸
˫˺֮˺Ƭص˲䣬̧ͷһԶأûκԥһ·ѷ죬Ӱʧ
߲ѾΪ壬ҪԸģսϹԸҶɣƽѡֳ֮ʱ廨еĵռ䣬Ҳǵڡ
һƬɫûаֻһƬǰĵҲǷʧȥˮ֣ˡ
ҶӸɿݣаܣȻ
֪ԼҪˣ廨ŵȻڶǰѾ
ǻãĿ˸ջǷļƻַɱֻܽһΣչڶΣսϹϵ
̾һǰһȥĵ⣬ʧӰȥ˴˵廨ŵĵĴռ䣡
ӰǵĴռûչǰĻ䣬ͨɫĿģɫҺǻϵ£ڵ棬֪˶󣬰أڸǳһƬɫĺˮ
ǺˮһƬƽûаˣֻһ֮š
Ŵ˺ɫĻ䣬ȴŵѪȵζζȻѾ˺ܾúܾãŵ˸ĸо
Ѫȣ·ɫɢ
ĬƬ̣֪ʱȣһԥǰֱǺɫĻٽ˻ҪڵһɲǣͻȻŲһ٣ģǻڣһ˻
Ϥ
ɭһ㶣˫ĿأϸĿһǰӴСĴ󻨣ĿһУֱӾ̤һƬϣȫڹһʧӰ
ֽĻԼʱ󣬴˵д֮ˣһһٴ˵أڿһɫ
ȴû̫ɣ׷̤Ļ硣
һƬ谵ڣձڸǣһ޾߲ϡ·ڴ
һЩƯƽ̨С죬һЩƽ̨ϣųΪ˲кĸɿʬ壬ȫѪ⾫һ㣬ͬá
վһʯ̨ϣܣ¶Ц
òЦϤõŴеģ֮Ĺأ
Ӧ뵽ǡ߲óįĹأ߲ôԵ޹ʹ˴˵أԭ䶴廨ŷĵĻڡ¶ӣһУΪϤ
ѹ֮ǰɭɭ֮ĹôֳĬƬ̺ߵʯ̨ıԵ·ȥ
ǵõܵ£м㣡дһɼΪֲϢֹͣ̽ѰĽŲѡ뿪
ڻįʱ֮ܵĹصһ㣬һ࣡Ȼį࣡
įĴУ⣬ֻʣˡȻį϶ಿֵĴУ֪įѾΨ˫۱£ű
ĴУײį࣬ôĴУﵽһԲȻԲۣ
ֻį֮ģôûۣҲпֵܻĹǵﵽſţħǵҲпܳΪſţ
һֽΪǹ֮ҲȻ
ǹ񡭡ȫɢж󡭡ֱ˫ۣס
ͬʯ̨ϣվһ򣬿·֮̾һ
įǺ֮ˡ
Ƭ̺Ȼ˫ۣĿ¶֮ɫһ֮䣬ΪҲƴ
ƴһΣкηǵڶڵĿֲϢֽ߲ʵĲּ䣬Ȼ˲²⡣
֮ĹءҲҽȥһ㣬񣬼Ȼٴ;ܷ
ִ⣬ֱʯ̨һȥ׹·Хͷ£ͬһ㣬ȥ
û˱˽һеͼֵȻȫãٲҪƽ̨ȡͼУһУһڣ
˵һˣڴ˵ص˽֣ô½ŵʥŮǴӵĵ
˿̣ƮڣãĿܣã˫¶֮ɫ
ĻԭҲ˽ϴ󲿷ֵĵͼƽһ
ֵ֣İ£ͳ˴˵أȥ˱Ľ֡һϲ˽걻ƳΪ߲ӣҲΪɲҧͬ⡣
½ϣҲ࣬ŵڣҲʱ䶼УⶴڣԸʹУʼձһ
˵һУһְˣδйĸоĵ״ã븴ӣԼҲ˵ԭ
ңҪرġؼҡʦ֪Ƿڡã㡭Ĭɫ¶˼
ֽĹصһ̣֮ĹڣǵִеŵĴڣɭͿ˾˫ۡ


1770 ˾֮
֮ĹڣУ׹䣬ߺХǰƻһߣɫƽʶɢĻܡ
дı仯һףڴڵޣҲ󶼼˿׹УʱʱܿһȺȺٽޣŴ˵ڶȥ
ǵڶ㣬֮ǰָܵϢڣֶϢֲԽԽϢǵУ߲ǿɱУ
˾֮
ֽⶴĺÿɱһˣ̰߲µķ꣬ÿһμ׺˾֮ƾնһ˿ϵ
ɱ˲٣ƾϵа˳ɰգ˵صڶڵĿֲϢ˾
֮ĹصĴڣпܾ߲Ϊ˾֮ɣ߲ɱįʹܴɡĿ˸ϵļ䣬˾ܣ²˴롣
ǰУϡռڽһڣڣԽԽʱ䲻ȫֻʣһ˿Ȼ޷谭֮ʱֵ·һƬɫĴء
Ƭأޱ޼ʣϳ˺ɫֲҡҷУͷųһ˿˿գԶԶһһĻΪ졣
˵û⣬ȴЩֲ˸Ĺ⣬ЩâֿԿһС
һƬž˵û˿ֵĵϵֲҲҡҷɢûκα仯
Ŀ·Ĵֲһɨ裬̫֮ĹصΣգ˿ʶܣֱǰȥ
ļУĵͼڣһڣǰԶ
ֵǰУģĿǰ˱仯ȴ֮⣬ǧɷΧһƬտûκֲĵϣĹ˸䣬һϵĴ
֪˶£˿ȻתȴϢֻϹâϵ˸ɢѹ֮С
⴫ĿһһٽɲǣͻȻһ춯صǴں䴩͸һɼΪֲϢֽŲһ٣䡣
ɲǣܴЩֲζ̾ĺƱƳϵնȥ
ǲ֮·һ㡣
ãɢɫ԰ףվĬ˺ܾã̧ͷĿ¶֮ɫ
ҷȷһΣ̫෴пһ컯˾֮ûκԥһɣǰһȥֱ̤ϵĴڡ
󷨵ɲǣ󷨺Ĺ˸͸˷ڣﷶΧ
ڣǰУ֪λãȴ֪ţ˿ѰУȻһ٣ǰ͸Ĺ⡣
ĿһĹ֮СĽǰС
һſǵϵĹϴ󣬴˿ѾʧԥãһҧС
֮Ĺصڶڣ˵ϡ٣һŨӰڴ˲ߣǽ˵й⣬ȴһƬâͬѪһ㡣
ڣʱһ˻𴫳Уûһ˫˫ɫ˫ۣĶֵ֣ϢɢУЩȴǲһû
Ͼ֣Ѳǵ꣬Ľ֮£һʱҲûΣա
УͻȻľͬʱһڶߵĵͺ𣬴ǰȻ𶯰˷˲ǼҪҵ
Ȼһ٣һɴǰźХ棬ֵ岻˳ɣֱǺɢͣ
ɫ԰У¶⣬һЩˡ
ǿϢ˾ܱ֮áֳĬƬ̺ٴǰжȥ
أԽٽǺԴ֮һɽ
ɽߣȴһƬٽɽɲǣȻɽĺ䶯Ȼͻһ޴ͷ­
ͷ­ûͷһƬͺģĿȴſǾ֮
ɲǣ˫ǰһӣڱԴУ֮ȫֿ֮
˿ɽɣľ룬Ǻͬ磬ֱɨ֣֮£Դ̵壬ָɫ԰Ӽۺˣֱǧ⣬ѪǺɢͷ­ڻһ»ɽ塣
˾ֶɽ壬ƾڵһ˿ϵ˿̼Ϊȷ
ϧҾɱ˲˼꣬ǲҪٿأɱһͨʿɣüͷǰɽ壬˼䣬Ȼͷ̧𣬿Զ
һΣʧ
֮ȴԶؼ䣬һƬ˸УһȾ޴ĽƯź󣬵ϥɫ԰ףǻѪ
ǰɽ壬¶־֮ɫôҲû뵽֮ĹصĴ˲㣬ȻȿֲĴڡ
ҧվӣɽûٴηļ϶ܴ
֣֪ûж⣬ҵΪͨԶ
һƬžΨԶɽ졣
ڴ˵ػصƬ̺󣬼ûκηӦɫҡͷвٿǰţˣ׼ȥһѰ֡
ʱͻȻɽϵٴηûǹͷӰһ
£ɫ䣬һεĲƾܺɨزŤǵɫһ䣬˫ֱ֮ҧһѪǰϡ
ŶʱɶǺԿɲǣǽֱӱɫ԰Ӻˣ˫ٴУһǰûĵš
֮صĵһһ鿪ֿ֮Ȼ˳ǧ֮⣬ҪٴʩչͨԿǺನʱһĮڴ
ĳ£ĳֵ֣ӰƾճŮӵǰ̧һ˦ȻУǺನסನֵԵֿ
֣һ㶣о¶ϲãֻǺܿͱڸס
㡭㵱Ĺڰңһ㡭
ã˵ΣգĪҪĿһۣתҪȥѰҴͨʿȡס
ҡܰ㣡ҧ´̧ȴһɫӣɢ͹â
ʦͣɻͬɽ壬԰㣡


1771 ɸһս
ֽŲһ٣תĿŮӵУִֿţһָо
ɫлֵͣǣ˿ҲԷȷҪԼǻŮ֮ĹڵһĻĻֳĬƬ̺ĿŮӵϡ
ʲôҪ󡣡ջĿ⣬ڡ
ûҪңҲҪһΡ˵
ԷĻɫЩŹ֣ƽڡ
֮£ֻǾ֮ͣ㲻÷ϡ
ңҾҪ㣡̧ͷĿ֣գһ̣ƶһɶص
ڲɽ塣ֺ¶΢Ц
һһʱ֮Ʋ֪˵Щʲô
ʲô̧ͷһԶգĿںȻкһ
橡ԥһ£˵
ţ˺һЩȻĮԶա
ĿһΪ˿̲쳣˼ѡֻһӣȫУ⣬ʱתƵĽš
Զؼ䣬һХ֣ɲǾֱ˵ضǳڣһ޴ʯ̨ʯ̨Ϲâƣվһꡣ
ֵĿ⣬˲˫۶˽ڶڣͬʱص֮·ĿĽӴͬʩչͨ໥һΡ
һδһ
ȴһģ˳벽ֵĿ⣬¶һ˿ȵս⣡
֣ڱ׷ϣݷ⣬һսҴңɸҲıƣ㹭һսɢǾ޴ʯ̨ƯڰգݷƮ裬֡
ʤңⶴ֮ڣĳһ֮ݷǰһȥʯ̨ڣվְ⣬Уûе橣еֻ֣
ݷ⣬кŨȱһ֮ͨףʱ٣ҲʡȥѰҵʱ䣬Ϊޣ֮һַ꣬ǲ
ƾУƿ֮ʱʱ֣˺֮в£ִΪ۷壬į֣һ˺֮ɣΪˡ
ݷ⣬ֵҲǷ
ܣĻһ
˵ƾֻڡ
ݷĿһ̧üһģ̱һѪû֡
ֽӹѪȥ˲䣬ݷк˸ִһ˦Уһѳֻûǰ£ֱ̧һն£
һͬ죬һ磬֮۵Ȼٽֶȥ
ݷⳤµɲǣǰһȥȭ֮䣬֮Ȼ֣ݷһȭȥ
һȭ֮£ɫ䣬ХնŤҪһ㣬һȭգȴеӰûֱݷǺХĳȥ
ɲǼ䣬ȭһ𣬺¡¡ľ£ǳֱӻƬֵȭӰҲ֮ѿɢΡ
ݷӵ˰ɣЦͷɢ̧ǰһ˦һƬڹǰûγһźڣһץ֮£Ȼڳһѳ̧նµɲǣһڡ
˲Ϣ䣬߰ѳݷڳһһնУߵһγһƬĵ⣬̺һɾֱ֮֡
˵ն꣡ݷһͺһ֮£߸صӰȴȻ߷ݣһһÿһ嶼ɲǼסһѳͬͬʱ֣һֱߣնȥ
ԶԶһ߰ѵ߸壬ǵӣȻ˵ڰ˰ѵӣ
ΪѣΪ壬һΪ⣡
ŤһƬ谵һֻ̣ʣݷǿͨ
ǰ˵ٵһ˲ɫû˿仯˫̧Ȼһ˺
һ˺֮£ǰ̳һ˫ʵĴֱ֣һƬֲڣӡ˸į˫ۡ
ֵĶֻûֱۣסգ͵˺쾪죬ձ˺һ޴ѷ죬ѷأ͵Ļȥ
һĻԶԶһͬǰطѷڴһɲɣϢ̺˻һеƣ֮ǰ˵֮Ӱһ𣬺䣬һѵͬݷһ壬ֱ
ţڶĸͬȻ
ôĳãҪҾ͸䣬غȻ
ֻµɲǣ˫͵ٴһ˺ǰȫصӣ𶯣ݷĵ塢߸ȫ˺бһƺ֮£ȴ߸壬ɢһ˿Զۣݷı
Ѫɫ԰ףļ́ͷֵĿ⣬¶־壬ֿ־壬֮ǰ㹭
һսǷݷ˺˺ѷ죬ɢվ׷Ʈ̧סݷ֮ǰͳѪˡ
ݷĬĿɬУص˵ͷ
ͷһɲǣеѪɢҫ۵ĺâʧڣΪԡ
ݷ⵹ҲǸӣûѪ϶ֽţ䣡ȴ֪Ϊȥһɱȡ֮Σ
аߣֻԥɱˣɱ˷һЩʱ䡣£˸õѡһԶգģܵϤϢ١
ʱ򡭡ҿԽ֮̽һǸˡ
һսɲǣͻȻԶƵɽ壬Ť䶯Ȼٴγǹͷ֮­Х
ȫϢ˳Դ˵ֿĿ˷ŵһսս񣬸˺
ص֮䣬Զգȴһ̣ͻȻŤһģӰ̤ն
ݷ⣬ɱˣк˸̧һץѪһѪХֱģӰȥ
һֳģӰ֮ǰûɢ޾⣬ٵѪںУģӰʵ˳һ
Ӱû˲䣬Զݷҧ֮£ҩһζٴʩչ˰˵ն꣬˵Ӱӣοһֱȥ
橣Ůû˿ԥ˫һӣݷ⣬ߵŻûֵ⣬Ҳͬߵţ
ͨĿһ
֮ͨӶ࣬Ƿ֮ãҲܸʩչߣΪִ⻹ǵһοܸʩչķͨ
½ŵֻһСɣʮڣȴʢԭǴڵͨǿԸʩչķ֮


1772 ޳֣
ͨХӰ߳ɲǣٽΪ˼Ϊ˷֮Ĺڣܲȫ֪˵֮£߲ʵ֮ȳˣҲ֪һЩй֮Ĺصء
ʶſ˿ٵľڵڶеһսĿһĻĻ֮ʼ֣κֵ˽⣬ټԼķ϶ֽ޿֮
Ļֵ˽⣬־Ź߲ʣսϹ׷ȥ
˼УûоԵİգֲʨ̻֮ƣһܲ³ֵļڡ
ΪжϣΪһۿˣһɱ֣֮ȡûᣡ
ԣһ·չȫٶȣսϹ׷߲ʣɵʱ䣬һ·׷Ļ֮ĹڣƾŴõ˽⣬֮٣֮ǰ֮ĹصڶС
ϵ⣬ǵȴû뵽ݷȻҲ죬Ȼݷֶ컯
˿̸һӭͷ֮֮ͨײ֮ɢУ˳һкɫ
ݷУ򣬰˵ն䣬춯ֱȻ֣;ᷴڣⶴģѡֺ
˿ߵŻƣɢůĸоҲлָߵŸ˷֮ЧΪ˳֮ʹٶȸһ֡
ǵ橣ǽһΪݷʩչߵź̧֮£Űѽɫķɽ̻û֣֮γ˽󣬺Хֱȥ
ͬʱ֣ս
ǰ˵ն֮ݷΪʩչ죬˿Ȼٽһ˦߲ʹâ£ǰߵ磬ֱݷȥ
ݷ֮ǰˣ˿ǰߵűѪҧ֮µͺУ˵Ȼն£ߵ罻ߵһǳ˳磬նǰ
һ٣¡˳͵̧ͷ䣬橵ľŰѽɫɽŨѪХֱ
ټ죬˺˲٣˫̧ǰĴָʳָһȦȦЦֱӶ橡
˫ԲȦƻɫȥ橾ŰѷɽʹŰѽ̱ΪƬ֮л޾⣬橡
ɫӼ˸ǰߵŹâɣ߲ʺ֮ԿУѪӼ˺
бҲڱǰ͵ϮǰһȥһɲǡԶ˫̧һۣȻ˺У˺֮ٴκȥǰǵصѷ죬ֱȥ
һж˲Ϣֱݷ橹һ˲ѷХٽ
Բں˵ݷ⣬Բںȴܲںֵͨ˺֮ɢĿֲ֮˫Ŀͫ͵˫ɵԲȦ֣ȹٵΪǺȻ
һ˫ԲȦ𣬻˺֮
ڶȫͣûһֳ̫֮ʱ⣬ʹ˿ͬ
ҧ⣬ɫѪȻһ޴ĽӡӡǰУԽԽֱ˺ѷȥ
˫ԲȦڵ޾⣬ѷ˺һɲʱŤ鿪ɢ̺˳̫֮֮ٴκѷ졣
ͬʱǽӡǺХٽһ¡¡ľУػ谵ֵ˺ֱ֮
ǳͬ˺֮УɢӰΨǽӡ忪һϣϿº
û㹭ҿʲôԿϷ򣡡м٣Цг֡
ϣֲԶƽһĻһ·ϼʶֶΣǣִֵϣֵͣȻߡ
˿ֻ֪ʹʲôֶΣԿʿͨ
ĪǻҪȡ˲Կ޺ܸȤĿȥ˫ۣȴƬ̺ͻȻһ
ȴɫû˿ңΪ侲ǽӡƿɲǣһаɡ
ڶٽڲʮɡ
£ֺȻߣҲǰһ٣ֱϥ£ܿޣһĻ㼫Ϊ
ת֣ͬʱºҲͬǰտ֮ء
˵Ŀ⣬нһ
޶ֿ˰죬ֱϽ˸ӡɽ£ȻʮɣѹУܣѷ죬аݡ
˼޺ȻЦˣ̧𣬺һָµĽӡǽӡȻһ٣ֹͣ˶ͷ⣬һ
ҲͰˣǽӡڲ֮Ͻҵ˸Ȼٴζˣֻȴ³ۿɼٶȣȻСջ˰ưСĽӡƮƮƯֵǰ
ϴ֮ԣУƲһ㡣
ȥȻʵʣҳΪһ
ͻȻıʣҪٴγֵݷһ㶣ûпκξٶֻ˺ϥǽӡȻͣڰգһ
ͬҲһ£˫ӡͣҪʩչȫΪӷͨ˿ͻȻı仯ɵò
˽ǲ죬ȴĿɿڴ¶Ȼ֮ɫԼ۾˿̸ʶۣ𺳣˿֮ǰʩչ㹭ĳ̶ȣ
ôܡ⡭ⲻܰʩչͨǷǽӡͨõģǲڵġ֮ͨ۳
ôʵʣôܳΪ˷飬ܣܣ͵Ĳ˲һĻʲôȴ̫ˡ
֮ͨﻯʵʣָ컻أȡ컯ǡɫɲǲ԰ףһʶ˺еĺȻԽһ
ֿ־壬һӴδйپ֣һȸ΢޷⣬޷˵ȥ¡
˵ĸ硭Ŵſ˿̱һĻȫȫ׵׵ŵˡ
Զݷ⣬˿ڿɫ仯󣬺ȻӦ͵ĿǰƯĽӡģ¶Ȼ˲䣬뵽ʲôæͷ
ı飬ȴǱ֮£


1773 
ݷ˼Բ³˼֣Ļ֮£ԭֲֻȥᣬϥ̧֣סǽӡӡֵһ˲ʱһ֮дϣӿУתһȦǽӡâɣϵ
Ǳոմдлֵ֮Ϊӡڣ̾ͳΪ˴һˡ
ӡɢƵ֮ڷӡ֮Ϊʩչɱַӡ
ټϴǱ޴죬ʶҲ̺һ˿֮һ˱Ƽ᲻ɴݣ
ĺȻУſڣǽӡһ̣̾ͰѴӡУԪڼ
վǰĿһۣȻЦˡ
˿̣ԶĿ־Ȼﵽ˼ޣǷɱ֣ԥķ˺Ȼ񣬴˿Ժˡ
ǼߣƾˣôҲ󲻵Ϊ˵ĸ磬ҵ
˸Ŀ£亹ڳɲǾͽʪۣɢ
ХӶݵһ˲˫¶⣬ֱӴϥվһȥһɲ׷ȥ
ɱңĳͬٽɭ٣ҪһսҪͬսˣ׷Уء
ɲǣһЦؼȻȴ𼲳ӶݵӰ֮һƬŤУһߴ
㣬͸һɲɣ̺ȴǰԵɭ
Ӱûȭż۶һȭȥһȭغȡ˴˵һһȭ֮ɲǼ䣬֮
͵ת˫ȫɢ⣬˷Ϊһֳȭͷײһ
쾪춯أƺһ˳ɭͬһ𣬵ŵŵ˳ɣ̧ͷ¶Ц
ʹ죡֣ĪҪѧʿԷɱˣ壬Ҫǿ̤أһսɭ˵ţڴ죬ȴȻɲǼͻǧɴСûнУȻ䣬һ֮󣬿ȥ֧صľ޴񣬳֮Ĺصĵڶ㣡
Ŀһ¶΢Ц̴ȴӵһΣȫͿǺ£ֵıת֮УͻɭһС
ԶԶһ˾Ǵ˵ؾˣͬɽǰ
ͬʱݷ˫ۺ֪޾ܣʶϵһζ˫У̧һָգ⣬ʱһƬϹ˸ϹɲǼ仯һֻɫĺӣ˫¶׹⣬˻뿪ݷ壬ֱȥ
ⶴڣûʧܵĿܣһƣҾߴ
ǵ橣һҧԾĽɫһӣȴŸֵͬʱںصһŹһ󣬽һɫľڳŭȥ
ͬʱ֣죡
ɭǺȭͷסȥͬž޴ʯһȥ
ɫ԰ףսĿ־屻ǽӡȫ壬ǻܣ˵ĸ磡
ͷУ޷ȫΪ˿ΨһͷӣУɭֵȭͷͬʱ٣µɲǣ𷢳һͺҪڵĿ־ͷų裬˫ͬץ̫һǰһ󣬷ֱֺɭȭͷ
¡¡أɭֱһͬһ˺˼
ͬʱݷͨ׺Կ֮ʱֱһƬ˳Ϸ룬üϣ̳ӵӰ
һɭĺȻѪòѹ£ֱݷ½ͨ壬һ屻˺ĸо̸֣ĺ˵ͬʱ橵Ľɫȥֱϡ
ת̧ǽһģȻ˲䣬һΣһѪɫήңеĿ־Ũ
ǰˣɭĹ֮Ǽɵֻ໥֮ϾΪܴ˾Ѳˣ۱ضС
־ģǷŵĽӡһĻǸо˵ػе˫۾ƽ
ָоΪǿңҪܵâϢԶٶò˶þͻٽٳ֣Σӣ
Ѫ˫ͨ죬͵̧ͷһȥ²ƻصҪ뿪䶯˲䣬̧һץغ䣬˴ѷ죬ڷɳʮƬϢҶ
Ĺ˸УʮƬϢҶٶȥ𣬽һ·ȫ
ܱɲǣɱһȥ˫̧ȴٴʩչǿ֮˺죬֮£ر˺һѷ죬ֱȥ
ɲٽ˫ٵصѷֱӸȥ
ͬʱɭһΣȴ̳صӰɲǼ䣬ǴɭϵİԵֱ֮ɢȡ֮ģһƬ侲
һ˰㣬ƳΪѵͿ˾
׼ȷ˵³ֵģͿ˾̧һץ֮£ȻһѾ޴ĳìֱӾлûһסìͿ˾ֻ𣬺ƿһеƣ
ݷ⣬橣ٴγ֣׷չ˴ǿͨ
֮һɲǾصݷѪӵһڴأ橣ͬѪģΪ˳ǧɡ
Ϳ˾ĳìڴɲǣһץסɫֻ޴ӡٽͿ˾պݺһġ
Ϳ˾һ˳ɣȴûˣ
Ϳ˾͵תͷ˿˺֮Хٽɣͷɢԥҧ⣬һԪ֮ѪѪɫ̴͸е˺ѷ죬ֱȫȥ
ǱѪ£ֶΣ
ؼ֮ʱɫ侲ѪɲǣĿдһ֡

졢ءһй
ѪҺɿһ㣬Ȼǰͣһ˲һΣݱܿͬʱǰһӣѪ˸УѪֱӷɳ˿̣Ƿ֮ȴڱǿѹɫв԰ס
ɲǹ󣬶ɢѪȥ˴ϣ֮ʹƬذȥ
Ѫһ֮һƺߣѪ̫죬ѪɲǣֱȥҼ紩͸
ѪѪ˿˺̧һָա
£
ԴΪӳһУӾ̳Ӱȡɱּ֮Σÿһζ𺳡


1774 ꣡
˿ﴫĹڶĴأںлصƣɲγˮһ㣡
ˮڣ˵Ӱ̻ûƱˮû
򲻵ѣֲһսĵ߲սϹټΪѣֻ䲻룬ĿģΪɱ
һƵֲòս
˿˺ܴƣݷ⡢橡ɭĳ֣˺ϻ֮£ʹˣټ֮ǰֵж̽˽ӡ֮٣Ǵݻ
ƾһľ棬£ɱʱҪģɭ֮󣬱ָܵٴ˵صĵˣ
ˣε
־Ͳţ˳֣ⲻס
˿֮ûڰգͨ˫¶ɱѾȥӶˣΪĸܵΣˣ
εΣҪñҪۣʱޣսϹܿͻ׷ǲսϹ֮ǰϷɱ
ˮĴأڵӳӰɲǣͻȻһƬâ˸âھˮؼ֣ȴԶգһƬƷУεӰһ߳
ǰܷסϢоһεٵ˲䣬̴
ٽԵͷִһ˦ǻˮĴأ̾ҵĲ£һѷرˮ
ǱľˮڣεĴֺȻ𣬻һƬɫ֮Ļء
Ϣʱ䣬ҿλУںϣɲǼ䣬ֱܵȥ
âɢ֧ݷϣâڣһ⣬ǲɭϣͬקڡ
ӰȫںϣʧڵɲǣصâȻĵķӡ˸ֱȥ
ɫһ䣬һж˲䷢εֵһɲĵĺٽƾ㶼޷ܿһΪΪͲû٣ȴһս
֮۶ĵģƿһбϣȻ䣬ӡϡ
ĵӡһ䣬Ȼһ٣ȫ⣬ƻȫסܱһжΪϾڱӡɲǣȫͻȻͱһƬ⸲ǣԶԶһâµͬˣ
⻤壬ԱڱϢУܵش
Ϣʱ䣬һϢ
ûаԥӡɲǣǰһȥֱӳǰ̧Уʳָϻû˻þǹָ⴩͸âֱӵ𱻽⸲ǵüġ
ε
ڶϢ
εþںϣüģδ㣬ڣ
λֽ֮뵽ļ֮ڣԴ˲ӵɲǣûгȥıļ䣬̧һָԶǱɽ塣
˻꣬˾֪֮Ķ֣ȴԽ赶ɱˣĵ˾
仰£ϢɲǣԶǱƵɽ壬˾֮
ͬʱĻ꣬ԼٶƾɢƱɣȻ˫¶ͬʱ˾ҵ˻ȫ͵һϢʱȥϵĵӡɢ
ĵӡɢУεݷ⡢ԼɭӰܵڻû
Ĳҽоصѳâķӡ˫ֱͷӷĺˣǲҽ֮һƬ𶯡
Ļ꣬˿ٵɢڤڤм׳һĻεУ׷ͫĿġ
Ѫ˰ɣϱͷҽе¶ĺâ
˿ϵ˫ĿһƬѪ˿ʹ͵Ŀ֣һĳ
ñʹ࣬ɱ㣬ɱ㡭ɲǳ֣˿ȻģڵͷֻһǾɱ֡
˾֮Ҽ㹻֮꣬ӼۺˣǵѪûвȥٵɲǣ˫ڡ
仰ﴫһ˲ԶɽȻǺֱֺХ֮죬ɲǾͺܣǳҲڡ
˵Ŀ⣬ǺдͬһΪ֮͸޾ʹ˻һǴɷ
ϻصǺɫڣ֮ˣ֪ʲô飬ֻԽӵ
Ƭ̺ҵķУӴ׳һ˴أ˫Ŀգһ
Ŀһ뿴ǰֵĺֻ䶯У¶һ£վ֣
ۣڣҲ࣬һģӰƶڵϣȫӰڣܿ죬ȫɢӰҲ¶С
һ֮£ɫ̲԰ףݷ⣬Ҳͬǵ¶Ȼ
εɭԺһЩͬڿӰһɲǣһ
һƤһƬϺڵ٪壬壬ڵϣͷûа㷢˿ȫܸ
ͷڣ֮߳ڵϣİڶţ˫ۣһƬڣƿܵĹâһ㣬ʹ忴ЩŤ
һ޷ݵɷ֮ȫɢ춯أ
˿ͬȪĶܶȴԸһѹ
һƬžΨһ٪壬޵ĺ
ִ˿̿ƽȴһˣڣĿ˾֮һս
ãֲѹ𶯣֪˾֮δ̫ϵǲٿҲЩ㣬ҪȫٿشҪϵɱ¾
߲Щ̫߲ļ䣬һӵȫȹ˾Ŵٺ󣬿սٳ۷Ϊ
£˵ҲǼǿȻﲻĿս٣൱ڼٵΪĵҲɻ󣬵ɻѰҲ𰸡
Զϣ˾ֵ֮һ̣һֱȥʶ
֮ǰұܵϢȻǿ飬ѾתΡ߲Ҳĺҡͷ̾һ
ԶڣŲһǶ٪̸棬ϢУƶʱʵת
˫Ŀյһۣĸп𡭡ãִһ˦봢ռ䡣
껹һ룬Ҳɱ㣬Ƿӵ֮ūѺˡ


1775 ĹУ
ȡ꣬ûϲãеķһЩ˸У֮ΪڶʱѾ׹ڽ̫ǳУ֮һδεĽ
ˣνһۣȴֻǷӵūӣڷʧٺ󣬲ò߲Ϊʦ
񣬱ȡ߰꣬³
һУ뵱λܣΧɱֱֻʣ²лڣƣֻء
ɱߣ˺ɱ֮
ְ̾һε˱ȭ
¶л
ܰģȻ࣬Σһᾡ֮ҶĳŵεĿǶ٪ɨ֣ڡ
仰ϣء
㵱Ѵлңīɣ㣬Ҳ˽Ϳ˾ɭӻ˴Сƽ˵
ֲַǰ֮˵Ϳ˾ɭе˭Щˣڴϵ顣
ݷ⣬ЦжֵĸлûлӦˣҪֵĺһݷ⻹еģûѪҲмڡ
֮ǰ뿪˵أӭս壬պҲϡֿ橣˵
橳ĬƬ̣˵ͷ
Զ֮ǰ˾֮ڵɽ壬Ǳ֮¶һƬ֮أɢŵϢ֮ͨĹһڡ
Ϳȥģįڡ
ʱͻȻһƬŤ䣬ԶؾͷХһɼΪǿʶ֮ɨ
һʣֵע⣬̧ͷգɫ
սϹ׷ˣ
ȥɣϷӦ˰㣬һΣȻǰ㣡ε̾ȫɲǼͱŷһɾս⣬Ŀ⾼ա
Ϳ˾ĬУһۣûпڣȴ죬̧ͷУסȭͷ
ʦҲ֣һΣ㹻ʱ䡣ݷЦóѵҩ£̧һץȫйâ˸γһס
û˵һӣʱߵɫţա
ſڣȴ֪˵Щʲô˾֮޷ٿжҪ߷ɣһ˾֮𲻵á
һݣ֪Ƕ֮ʱҪõįĴУ˺뿪Ļ廨Ѱš
Щ飬ǰսϹʼںû׷ԷȻٽ
ԥתһΣֱɽݶȥӰʧڵɲǣպսϹӰȻ˰գ
߲ʹâ˸߲ʵ˺꾡ûںϣȴ˼ĺôܷӳΪߣ
߲ʲ߲֮ͬ꣬սϹսϹΪ֮ĸںϺ߲ʵˣսϹȻ޵Ľӽ˵߲
ϣϷսϹͬ⵹ڶر˺ѡ
֮Ĺһ㣬Ӱûոһɲǣ
񣬲û֮һĳֹǽֵʹܣֲͬصĿһܣһ㣬˵û죬ûдء
еֻһɴϸѪһ֮˷ÿһ֮һɫѪܣȫ䶯
ֵʶУĿԶƬѪ֮һ޴࣬ÿһΣĿһʹҪ鿪һ
һУڴдЩ̫һͬϾֻģһɨ²̤
֪ʱȣ֪һеεˣսϹ೤ʱ䣬ÿ˷һϢпܱսϹ׷
˿޷۲ڻǰУһΣӳٶȣХȥһѪܼ䴩
ڴ˵ûκ޴ڣ˿ٶǰУδ˿谭ɲǼ䣬Խ޾룬˵Ǿ޴ֵܲĵǰУ֮ԽԽܼ֮߱ôĳǴ֮ȫû˿ͬһ£ʹɫ԰Уؿھʹ̡
Խǽӽָ࣬оԽǿң֮һƬͬһ࣬־ʹԴ޷壡
һйı仯ȴǶʼո󣬻һƬ˾֮ûаӰ죬ͷܳǰ˫ɷ֮ԽŨǳ˱֮С
ʹྡܾңֵĽŲȴûаͣ٣ͬɨǾʹ˷УӰȻһģ
Ǿ޴࣬ѪܣŰ˷ӣЩѪȫ֮䶯
ֵǾ޴࣬Ϊң·룬һѪཫҪǰס
ڣѪȫѪҺʱʱ䶯УҪ
ⲻͨҲǷǵɱȴǼΪˣֵĵҲ޷ֿһû࣡
ɫ԰УסؿڣĿסĸܵĴ֣
ģҧ֮µͺһѪһɲֱӳǾ޴֮ϣϡ
ǿѹʹ࣬Լϥϣ˫Ŀպϣȫ֮
įҴ񣬴Ѫ˫ۣ࣬һδУԲ
ͬ⣬ֹͣҵұһ£С
ɲǣٴξȴ˿һ£бŰ֮Ȼֲǿҵų⡣
Ҷȹ˴󲿷ֹ٣˹Ͽɣ㴫бѾһ˴룬ʣ֪࣬㲻ĵѾˣ
Ѿˣ㴫иңȥûɵԸ½ˣչˣǰ
߲һսֻ߲֮һսʤܣ֮ս
µͻȻһ٣ɲǵƽģ˷ļ
ͬʱһɴԹޣΪƻþһ
ҵۣң
ұضһֶۣįĳŵ͵˫ۣ̿ڡ
仰˵˲䣬࣬ȻһУٴ֮ѡһ¡
һɰĵϢһµɲǣȻӿֳڣϢһ壬ְ׷Ʈп档
üĹ˿ǵ㣬Ȼתģ˽Ҫɵھǵף


1776 ȺսϹ
˳·ڵİϢ𣬾ȫʹһɲǣͬ籩֮ڡ
üġ˫Ŀǵ㣬ĻģȻҪΪھǵļ
Ǿ޴ֵһ£ָܣһִǾ޴ںϳһ壬࣬ͬһ
֮ģָоԽԽǿ
ֶֻ֮ʹȫӿֳһɼΪĸоůͬʱĴʹҲɢȥ
һԺǴڸ֮ܳĹһľ̷ֶҪĸоΪǿҡ
ͨǷǵĹʽ˿ƽһУģϡһЩۼ
ĶıԷĹɣӶʹöԷԼһº󣬼Ӳٿزɱ֮
ֶΣʤҿԽ򣬴ҵһʽͨ˫ۣĿھһϢͬʱԺһ뷨Ŀԡ
ɢҪһЩʹҵıԴԴ֮ԴﵽͬЧǰѱԴദҵڴɢȥĿһ
滹ҵε֮εںϣԷеͬʱ˳һЩþı䣬ˣͿɴﵽһЧйâԽ
ҵĻ汾Դڵ֮ҲһڣһԷı䣬ַ֮ͬʱȼաֱ˫ۣԺвϵ
ԣǶһ˾֮˫ɷŨ֮¶ʶ˻
įഫںϣĶͨͬʱϹĹڶУһ⣬˿̺춯أһսҵĽС
һ죬Ʊ˺ѿХоŵ橵ڼ׳˱еĴϡ
˴Ƭĳɫ԰ףѪǴ𶯣Ȼˡ
Զݷң˫Ŀһ˻УսϹ˦䣬ƱЩ
ɭȫ±ɫսֻƣӡ޷߳
һƬ谵籩ХڸУɼӰ
սȸսҲȻڣ˽սģǵʿͨص˴ѷʤ
ȣԶؼ䣬ĴսҵĽС
սϹڣ⣬ε𣬻߶ˣϻΧսϹ
εɫŲģ֮ͨдǷ϶࣬޷ٽսϹ̫Ψߣ¶Σֱغͨ
ò֣ͬˣҪٲ֣ǵ޲ϲ뿪ⶴĿܡ
սϹ̺˺⣬ǰֹͽ뵽Ĺһڣɱֻõ꣬˺ѲǲҲҪסԼ
һһʱ֮Ҳ޷׷һȥ
εѣϷҪʩչ֮ͨ˽սУɫв԰ף̴
ɲǣεһ˦ȫְ˷ֱսϹȥصսϹ̧һӼ䣬һսֻȻ֣⼱Уֱӻһ֮Ű˷ȥṮ̌
֮⣬ҲԣսϹдһ˦һֱ߶ȥںΣϾûȥ١
ȻʶսϹҪԷͱҪشԷ
˺УһָգҪʩչͨȴսϹԽεʱɫΪ
ξȻ춼޷赲
սϹСεΪ̫֮һ𶼼ɵûо٣ضֶΣ
˿εҧ⣬һѪѪܱںһǰһŹ٣
ǹɢɣϢƴ£ΣεѪҺڣ˿̱⳾ٴαεȡǿ֮
٣εҲɱﵣɵԭεһֻùһ٣֮սһǣһǧꡣ
˵ûо٣ϣȴǻ˱֮ٸ˼ǼΪء
ģƲⶴ֮
ٻûεĿ¶˼ӣռڣȴ޷ָ̾Уϥٺ˫ְסңһ

ԽεߵսϹŲȻһ٣ɲǼ˳ɣ͵Ļͷ
ͷɲǣ֮˷εУХһ˲սϹܣǰһзλȫ
˫¶֮âε˫ͫʶǹ٣ȴĲ
˿˼̧һָա
нɣ죡޾ȻֱնȥɲǼ䣬պ䣬ȴѵգֱӾͱһƬ⸲ǣԶԶһ죬Ϊ˽ɫ
ͬ࣡
ɣڵأ̧һָأ䣬̱һƬڰȡܷӣת֮£ԶԶһȫΪһƬɫоȫûڸǣ
չж֮ɫΪƣ²Ըٶʩչָص˫֣Ȼһ
˿̣εĹԽԽңһƬɷսϹȫսϹĿһֱ̧ǰһһս˲Ϣ֣һ֮УսȻ
ͻȻ߰ƴ˻սֱɲǣֿͬʱߵָͨսϹ
ȴֱһֻɫĴ֣սϹȥţɫĴϣͬһֻɫĴ֣ǽһһ£밴սϹ
սϹкһͨٽɲǣֱ̧üһġһ죬սϹڶʱһƬģӰһɢսϹӰƴ磬ڸ۲£ֻ¶ɭ˫Ŀһͷ
ȴ߲֮꣬սϹ壬ֱӷ뿪
Ǵ߲֮꣬˫Ѹ쿪ͬʮһ㣬ͷƮУ˫ٶȴһһ£ǽڵػֻ֣Ȼһ
Ҳڴ˿̣ǽĹһڴϢɢͬʱһ֮ص
ֵ


1777 Ķ
սϹ߲֮ɢ˫һһ£ǽڵֻ֣ɲǼһ
սϹ֮ǿΪˣû߲֮꣬Ҳٽӽ۷Ϊֻսٳڵľ֮ޡ
ο߲֮ѡľںϣһΪ֮ǿ޽ӽ߲
˿룬߲֮˫ۻ裬ɫ䣬ɫֱֱۣӱͬʱɫĴػĴ֣Ҳ߽ͬ⡣
ͬεٷӡ͵ĳ£Ҳɢ
εѪǹˡȴûԥٴβŪֱ߲֮սϹȥ
ߣҲͨƣ˴߲֮֮ͨѪӵŵŵɣȴҧ֮£תӣٴγ
ͬʱ߲֮սϹͨɲǣսϹһȴֱԶʿ䡢ȸսս֮ضȥ
ȸȻѾսϹЭ飬ʶŻְǱƣΪսϹǴ˵ΨһѡǸоսϹգܳΪµ߲
˿սϹɲٽһ˦䣬սֱֺʿȥǰһɴֱӾͽشѪˡ
һɾս⣬սϹϺȻսĴߣӵս֮Դ߲֮ںϣܵǻԸӰ죬Ȼԥ
˿ֿ̻Ӱɢ˴룬ʹսϹָ䵱İԵ
ս֮Ե
ˣȥڣɱ֣սϹһ˦ȸսһֱԶ֮ǰɽγɵڡ
˵꣬ת֮УսϹǰ˫Ŀڰնкը죬˴һУչɱ
ߣε˿ĽȫϣԴ˷߲֮սϹγɱ֣ûаȥֹȸսӰۿǶɲٽԶڣҪȥ֡
ûлԣҧ֮£һԾȥҪȥֹȸ
Զսַӡɭ˿̵ͺ֮£һȭ俪Ȼ˲ٵս֣սֱɲǣӳֱȸˡ
橣Ǳ˵ٶһЩۿȸսɲǼɽγɵڣҪ̽һɲǣͻȻʾ
ٶģҪսȸɣٽ˲䣬Ķߣ֮࣬һ̾ҵ
ͻȻļγһĵʹսɫ̴䣬˫ĴʹһֻץڣҪģ
ȻٵľʹУ䷢һĲҽУֹͣǰУҪ˵˲䣬һֻƾճֵڵ֣ؿ֮
һսѪֱȸȥ
ȸսһ㶵ͬʱҲ֮£γ˾ʹȸɫ̲԰ף˼̺ˡ
˵˲ϢУһ̶˻𣬴ײ뱩̺꣬˷Ѫ֮⣬ֱӼĴͬʱһӰһ䣬ȸǰ
ȸսֻüǺӰӣѪǺӰײϣͬһ׳
ǺӰȴǽȸ壬һѱסȸ׳ͬʱɷЦһҧȸϡ
ȸսҽкȻţӼٿήѪǺӰߣһж˲䷢޷ȸս廹ڰգлû֮ʱϵĺӰ͵̧ͷ˫ȸսϺݺݵһ̤ӺȻ̤صͬʱӰڰ¶Ӱ
˾֮
ͻȻһĻɭĽŲһ٣εսϹ߲֮ע⣡
˵Ŀ£ͨһڴֵӰĻûĳ֣п֮ˣȫΪ˿̵֣մ䣡
ɻһ£·ϵѪĿģһͷ׷ȴҵɢڼ磡
׷û䣬¶ƤϣȴǳķģЩ˸ƤϣʹȫɢһɲɣϢ
ǱӡǴֲڵͬʱ˫ɢһƬɫĹâվһصƺ
ɫ˫Ŀ¶飬һĵ׷ɱɫ
Ϊ˵ģɭ˫¶𾪵ģֵüģȻоſǵ㻷ƳĿͬоſħƣΨĿǵֻа˿ţ
Ŀڣ˿Ѫ˳յɫϡ
㡭įȫУսϹɫһ䣬ϣ̸ܵһΣָо𶯡
˿̵֣վǿɫ˫ĿˣȫһεԺһЩϾֵĳڿɫ˫۵һɲǣ
ɫ˫Ŀ潵ʱо࣬нڵΪһ࣡дţͬҲǹй浱꽵ʱı仯ΪɣΪţ
˵Ŀ⡭ֻǴįѣôܻĿįҲûа
𾪵ͬʱͬڣŴ֣߳¶˼ڹĹһһοɫ˫Ŀ󣬱˴ˡ
˿ٴοˡ
Ѫӵ˾еĵһĿ
У˫Ŀڴһɨ֮أһ٣ĿƺһЩʲôֻǳԼ֪׿û
ĿɨսϹ뿪߲֮ϣȫֻ¶˫۵̧߲֣֮꣬һָ
һָУ֮ڴɢ̾ͻڡ
սϹɫһ䣬ֱӺȻֱ߲֮ȥֵ꣬Ŀڣںһ𣬻һ塣
ûֹҲûҪֹ
ں֮սϹ߲֮ӰڸգЦּٶεҪֹʱֵĻ֮䣬ƽĿڡ
λǰ࣬һսȻƣҪ֪Լ˴к󣬵׾߱ʲô˵˲䣬֮Ȼң춯أ
Ǻ죬սϹٽɲǣĴڣֱӺսϹϣ
սϹŲȻһ٣һĵĴʹ̴ϴͻȻҪһ
ʲôͨսϹɫһ䣬ֱ̧Ӱؿڣͼѹҵ


1778 ɣ
һ֮սΪɢȥԴٳ֣⣬˿ȫŨĵϢ
߲įһսįΪźһսɳĳһս
̧𣬺ݺݵһȭ̴֮˫Ŀһ˦ֱսϹȥ
ǰУ֮䣬սϹսϹʹУɫΪ
ϣ˾֮ǼӰһƬֱսϹȥ
Ķ𣡡ƽڣɲǣһɲǾ춯Խӿ٣һƬ
ҵУսϹһͺһΣʹֱֶȥ
ңһɱһغһɲǣеص֮ȫеսϹϣǺģȻ˱ļ
սϹɫסؿڣȻһ֮£ؿڶʱȥȴͨٿĿ޷
Ŀһֱ̧ȭ֮£ϢȻУüľſǵ㣬˫Ŀħʮǵȫ˸һȭڣǿٵصĵһȭսϹһȭȥ
¡쾪죬𶯴˵أձѣһƬĩ֮£սϹ˫վǰд߸ս֣
һȭֱһ
֮£߸սֱһȭͬɢսϹһΣ˳ʣµһսǺХٽ֣ǰһ˺ϡ
ƺһѪ͵̧ͷ˿˾֮ٽսϹУսϹչɱ
߲ʵ˺󣬵ȷҪǿϲ١ҼįȫĴУҲɲĶ֡ȴƴһΣܳɰܣɫƽԺиִ˷õĴڣįǿ֮
įѧԵһڣڵһľѧͨĹڣڴеĻУۿһͨ仯ǡ
£˳ȫкڴȻֱ̧ۣ࣬ȻսȭͷǰմһȭһȭģüǾſŹǵ㣬Ÿǵתһȭڡ
𣬱λ
˵û統ǻþįǰֵɱȴӰͨʵսڴȭµɲǣеأͻȻһƱһȭŤ·һ˲һȭΪصģǱУҲҪһȭת
תΨֲ
һĻ˾֮սսϹɫȻ䣬ĸܵһΣ˲ϢһУҧѪһŴڣֱ˾֮һЩսϹֱֶȥ
ûٽȭͷУɿȭͷƣǰһӣͬʱĿǰ˸ǣתƣ֮ȥ
ɽ
תŤУһȼյķγɰݺᣬ˻𴫳ܡ
ͬʱڣа˸ģĹӰû⼱ת
ԶԶһһ𣬳Ϊ˷籩
սϹֱӾʹǷ籩ڣ£Ҫǿƿ籩ڡ
ûʱ䣬˾񱩵ļХٽٴսϹһ
Ƿ籩ɫƽһȭһ֮ͣ˰գʳָǰһָ
ħ涯һָ֮ˣǷ籩սϹսϹɫ䣬̸ܵת䣬
һָ֮£֮ĹأһȻ˱ļһҲãһҲգһ磬˿ȫ޾
Щһ˿ħһָȫ۳ͬ˿һӿ͸һ㣬ֱֶ
˲Ϣ䣬ܣǷ籩⣬϶ڸܵһУ̫࣬໥Ƴɺ󣬰תأһƬ
УħϢǺ֮
ħŵɣֿૣָƣǰһģһ֮£ڹ֮֮ں
ǣ
ħǣ
ǣ
ڻһɣǵ֮ʩչͨǿ֣ۡһУǰȻһ޴Ӱ
Ӱһͷ­ͷ­֮ߣǰתڣռ˴룬ϣɢһ޾Ųɣ֮ӣįҲ֣һİգգҲ֪˭ȴһֺϤĸо
ָоѪǹ͵ĻѪ
ȥ½ĵһ֮أճصľ޴ôһϳԼͨͷ­Ȼǵ
棡ԶһĻޣһͷ­Ŀ¶羴
ͷ­˫Ŀģͫף˿ſڣǰȻһϢϢХŰֱӴأսϹǴ֮Ĺأ
һȴĹһ㣬֮䣬շɫʯҹ⣬ʯ̡ͬ
һ㣬ϢУĹûһ㣬ɲǼ䣬ȫʯһڣŵɢȥҲãƽ̨Ҳգ֮Ĺأһɲǣȫʯ
սϹͫ¶𺳣ɫҰӷ˺˾֮ٽϾȥ⣬˫ɢ߲˿⣬Ȼ߲ʵ֮꣬ͬʱ߲ʵڶ꣬ͬûȫսϹ⣬趯䣬Ϣߴ
߲֮꣬ʯűǵڶ꣬սϹ壬Ҳ˲ϢнӲâһʯ
һУƽսϹ߲ʯɲǣȴдƬѷֱӳ֣ȻУսϹ߲꣬սϹڣսϹһѪһȻѸٺˣˣ֮ǰ㹭һ񱻿־
˺˲䣬ʯرƬ˺ѿ֮һͬĻ֮Ĺأȫ
Ļڿռ䣬ɫĵĻһ鿪籩
Ѫûѹס˳Ĺ֮Ĺɣ¶ϧпɬ
ǿʩչɣǱߡʱ䣬ѾûʩչڶεۣҲΪǣһս˼ѣ
վĶ֡ˣȥ廨Ѱţ򿪶ţ֮ӡְ̾һΣĹʧˡ


1779 䶫
֮أǾ޴ĺƵĶڣ廨
廨ʢţΨήǰȴǲڵ廨Уں£ţһһľһһޣԿɳš
һҪ廨ѰҵǰеΨһţѶȣʵ̫
ûͷȻҪ̤ǵ廨ڣⶴ֮أһؿ
廨ĿҪ߲Ϊ߲һļ䣬廨Уı仯󣬴򿪵磬߲ʵļ硣
գһƬεɼƺŸ̫߹֮ͷɢȵĹâֻ̫㣬һޱߣʹŸ̫Ҳҫĵطڡ
磬һ˿ʪ֮УڴɨԶȥϵһƬ಻ɽڣɽʣ˴ƬҶ졣
ɽУɽһһ¥˷ԶԶһǧ֮࣬ɽصʹ˷ֲ壬ɽĵǵɽ
ÿһ¥ÿһȫһֲ֮ͬУ˴˽ɽһԶԶȥͬɽ칬
һƬϡƲ㣬ͬɽ칬ڸǵ֣֮⸡ֳʱɺ˻ɽڴˣһ㡣
ɺϡżˣȴӣסˡ
ɽ֮У֮ǵ¥ľͷһƬ⣬һɽУˮȴһѵСӴɽ£ڶУˢһһɶĺӵɽ£ɽ·һˮӣֲ֪ɢ˶ٷ֧ȥ˺δ
֣ӵԵһʯϣźˮüͷԶɽϣûȥ⡣
廨磬ѾˣѰŵĺۼȴû˿֡
Ǻˮ峺еӰصӰ֡һɫĵۣɢ⣬Ȼӵһķ֮еϣ˩һöŵ塣
徧Ө͸Ƿһһģ
ֻǣǺˮеӳòȴˣȫͬӣݰףüĿ˫䣬ħ̺ڣһۿȥͬΪ֮۷ضĽ
⸱ӣҲʮ˾꣬νִͬΪӢ֮ˡϼһЩµĲɣκ̰õ߲ʵ񣬼Ϊƣ
źˮӳ־ܶȹ£ɫŹֲϡ
廨߲ļڣȴΪջĿ⣬̧ͷգĶߣɽڵٴ
½½ˡû뵽ⶴ廨ڣ߲ʵļУһ̤½ϡ̧ͷǾŸ̫¶Ц
磬߲ļ˵ǻþڵһУȴǵ귢ڵġ
½ɣȻǶԱȽϡϵĵۣķ֮Եֿʶʿȫһ
ֻǣβſҵڡһ㣬ֻ߲Լ֪ˡҵӣҲܵ˵Ӱ죬ֻܸоδ̶ȵȫںϡ
ҲںϲˡһЩˮʱȻüͷٴһ塣
յôĵӣѾΣȻȥӭʦأȴ󣬴ɽ·һʮ꣬ͬ۵꣬궢֣¶
ҷʦ֮ǰ׽ȥŹ𷣣ЦУ̧߽֣һѾͷץȡȻͷȥɽ
ڴٽɲǣתĿһۣһУͻȻԺֵĿ֧ͬ͸˫ֱۣӴһ㡣
ʱɫ䣬ľվȫ̡ͬһֻɲǣĿŲƲŻָ˺ŵŵ˳ЩˤֵĿ⣬¶־座Ȼ֮ɫ
㡭㡭
廨ڣֻ߲ӣǻļ䣬֪߲Ըһ㡣
͵߲ʾѣӦܵʦչأһ⼵⡣
ǰ꣬ʱ֮һֻЩͬţų棬ǰг֣һŹ洦á
ֱ߲ʮʦ濴࣬ո¶ͷǡ
ֲյȻʷ糣꺧ȻУǰһֱӾվߣʱɫ԰ףп־Ũֱڻ޷󷽲ŵһĻΪλ
ոջȴû뵽յһ֮ǰȫͬ
㡭Ҫ˵ȷʵȻֹĲӣһץס𣬺Уɫͨ죬˫ץֱۣ
ֵͬһ㣬ûͻ
ҪңûһΣôץĲӣߣŶԷһһֿڡ
ͫȻЩɢŵļɢ޷ͷȴı¶ֵ˼
ɿ֣¶΢Цͷ˵ɽɡ˵ţתɽȥ
ŲӣŴŻֵָĿ⣬˿־뾴ηŵһ̣ܵоǰյһ䣬ɱԼУæ
ɽ·ѣһ̨棬紵䳤ȥǷУһķ㣬飬֮
У½һ飬彡׳ʺɡľ֮Ҳ֣޻ˡ־֪е뷼㶼Ǽٵģּ٣ȴ˵½ĵȷȷġ
붴磬ȫһ
ǰУԭƣ˿ƸŨмƬ໥̾ʹ죬¡̧ͷȥһŤһ㡣
Ҫˡૣ˳̨ɽͷǻֺĴԼ֮ͬһϢ
⣬һԼǧɵĹ㳡㳡мһ޴¯оŸֱ۴ϸ֧ȼա
˿̣㳡Ѿվ˽ٸʿУ˴˵̸
̤㳡ɲǣ¡һ𣬶飬䣬γһƬĻĻУӰҲģ
ˮڹ㳡ʯϣžž֮һЩ˲䣬㳡ĵ棬ͻбˮ


1780 ƵǬ棡
£Ҳֻ֮ǹ㳡ĵ¯ھֻ㣬ȴûаϨļڣȽȽˮټҲ޷ʹɢ
ˮڳУ꣬γһĻĻ棬Ρ
ˮµɲǣͷ˳һɡǳɡ֮ˣǸ꣬ɫΣ˭ҲȥΪֳɡֶߡ
㳡ڽʿһĿ۶һɫ۵Ϊ׵ļüͷһҪȳ⣬ʱλ
У¯ƮڰŤһ𣬻һ޴УкתܵˮƿɲǣڣһģӰ
Ӱǰһ߳վ֮䣡
ӭʦأ˿̣ܽʿӰȭһݡ
һӣһͷڷɢڼ磬òӢȴڣɷǡ
վգĿ·ڵɨϣǿ껹ɡɵüͷܿɿЦЦ
յΪʦȥߣ°ɡӻ֮ͣʣ̤һȥƮУ̤Աߴڡ
֮ǰȳ֮Ϊ׵ĺ꣬ɫ࣬æǣңңһۣתֱȥ
ɫƽ߲ļУʦܲǳչغҲյĴ
߲ԸЩųûаЩ˵
߲ʦ֣ͬѣƽºͣʵϣȴǶ߲ӣ˶߲裬Ҳ󶼲ȥᡣ
̤ˮУͬмʵĿ£ڣ֮ףϣվһԡ
Ϊʦ˷أʱ䲻̫һЩ󣬱ٴαչءӻڣĿɨһ
һĻ߲ļϤĻ棬֪һյʦ𣬻ڽһЩ󣬴һͨ
ͨǶǿ֮ƵſھԴܴﵽ£ѧϰľ衣
ſھȴ֮Ҳ˿һڤǺת֮ʱƶϡʾ޷ѧϰͬģŨܣӰûΪѡ
⣬תʱ䣬Ҳǿ˵һڣſھתߣ֮ΪϢϣߣʱ
߲ʣѧϰʱĿһ˵ӣԥתٶȲɵûڶʮϢһȦ
ʮһϢɡ
תɺУΪĿ⣬£޷ȫ棬ʶ٣ȫѹʱӰһڽյɢɸɸɾ
һĻ߲ʦУһ̾ûٴյⶫͨǴ˴һȵ߲
һ飬ֵļڣ޷ı䡣
գһĻ³֣վĬ˳˼֪ԼӦ˳Ӧ䣬ѡ뵱߲һҪת䣬ıһС
յϽҪ˳Ӧ߲ʵļ䣬˷߲ʼںϸ󣬵߲ʼ̶ȵںϺ֪߲ʲõڡ
һܷ˻δ֪ҪģֲԸȫںϣĻлûκ֮ʱںϵһɲǣлɢ֣Ϊµ߲ʡ
⣬·ֲԸ
Ҷǿ֮ͨһΪƵΪѧ֮֮ҲҪҶÿһϵеÿһֻһȥѧѡˣҳʺϴߡӵصڣУ˵ѡķʽŨ̶Լתʱ䡣
ͷ˫ڿ֮
֮𣬳򲻲ӻڣһһֵ˵ſھ̧ǰָ£ʱХڣȥʧ
壬ϥٶתһȦԲΪţУмɲҪΪ˼ţתӻһԥϥ¡
ͬڵ棬Ҫת˲䣬һԵȻ̧ͷ֣Ŀɭв֮⡣
ȻһĻüͷ𣬵ȴû˵ʲôǿ֡
İ̾һۣõյУʧȥʸ񡣵գյ֣Ŀɲǣ˫ۺһɨһۡ
һ֮£ȻһĸֵܵĿһɱ𶯡
˿̣Ȼ˫ĿתæĿת
ʱ仺ţһϢϢϢ
ڵڰϢٵɲǣͻȻдȻ˫¶֮â˴͵վ
ԽԽŨ󣬼˴룬˻
˿̣ǵڶʮϢǿתһȦֻȣʵ̫΢ˡ
ɢɲǣܵŨŨ죬Ȼڻһ޴ͷ
ͷ˫Ŀ¶׹⣬Աߵ͵һ̣һ֮£ȫıڣһѪή
ı䣬תһ˲Ť˫Ŀ֣˿ȥӣӰҲŤ
ͬʱĹ㳡㳡ɽ壬ɽɽɽȫڣ˲ϢŤԶأҲͬŤ·һеһУҪһ̱߽һ
Ǽ䱻ı󣬳ֵľһĻ
ãյӽԺΪʦһϵУڶʸѧϰƵ֮ˣӰŤдЦתһɫȻٴοڡ
˵ûʸѧϰƵΪʦɴ߲
ӻ˲䣬Ժ̴һ˺ѰĴʹʹ£ܵһзҪ߲ʼڣϢȻ𣬵ȴɲǾɢţܵŤƽָ糣
ֵУȴˣ
֪ˣı߲ļ䣬ìܣֻңһɲУŴҵļ䣬ҿԸܵǰڣìԽԽԴҳţ
Ψһķı߲ʼ䣡
յҪ±Ҷһϵȣǰʮ߿Խ붫ٳУܽ붫ٳأպɾͲɹ
һУıˡ
͵̧ͷ


1781 һ
߲ļУ֮ĴȣΪ̣ǴδУƵʸټΪڶһڲףһɱǰʮ˵ھĳɼӵ˽붫ٳеĽ
յʧȥƵʸ䵨ӵԸԽأЩŤ
ǴУʧˣ˵˴δȣյеһ޴תۣԸľ֮
˺꣬յһ겻񣬺˽̸նһ˱չֱżȻʦ棬Խ̻չ¶ͷǡ
ϧþһյڣ˺޾£ûжյеģֻƾԼ벻ʣ˲ɱ¾ԴߵڣΪ߲
߲ɵ֮գסɱ
һĻĻ飬ͬһֵԺڻص֣ɽжΣѵСԣɻǿʯźˮƺǺˮڣ˼ʡ
յʦƵĵ죬ʦѾٴαչضȥһδȥչǱֻĶյĺޣһ統յ
ˮԺڵļ䣬ģȡ֮ģƵĿھ
ڣΪ½һƬڣʮ֮һܲǿ󣬵ȴΪأڵӺ
ͨ½պգԹ
ͨУƵǲ֮ƣһƮ죬ںϹһ֮󣬽Ƶ֮ò֮ʩչƵ󷨣
ޣΪͨһʽһʽͨſھڣܰſھ£Ϳһʽ
˵ƵĿھҪԲҪܶʱ䣬Ҫмǿֱ֮ΪԶǵյɱȡ
ټ䱾ԴߵиʶƵſھǼ򵥡
ǰǺˮУһ˿˿İƯͬ˿һƮ죬ֱֶ⻷Ȧ˳ڡ
ģСӴɽ嶥ɽ·ȫаƮɢͬһֵڣȥ
ֵӰǰڣ֣֮󣬲Ǻа֣ɽЩľϣҲа˿˿ɢ
ܿ죬ڷԲɣȻֲָȫǰƣڡ
֪뿪廨ڵƵǷ񻹿ȥǰڣĿ¶˼
ֻ죬ȴڵĲ嫡ķԸıĽṹջ֮ƣƮطһĥ͸
Ǻԣʱһαһ¡һڣʼϥϵ컯ɢ˿˿ڣһּΪůĸо
ԽرԽʱŤҪļǼıɣֻһΪҵߵǬļ䣬ЩŤļ޷ҵڡ
һգɢȫڵһ˲˫ۣĿƣһƬģȴһ֮֮һͬŨŨڣֲ巽ͬʱʧҡ
³һϢǻɫһǰƳɣɢˡ
˵ɽ̫֮Ũдв㡭Ҫſھɣı䣬ովĿһԺڣ˿һ棬⻭һŵͼ
ͼһǰյʦڷָı˵ԭļһɲǣֵһ˲ڵ廨ڵİŸӦ
ֻǰŸӦɲɢֻƾŸоճ⸱ŵͼһУϵƵϵش̼ļ䣬ʱֵŤҪļʹԺ乴ճĵͼһţλ
УһԾɲʧСԣ֮ʱȻⶫڵڣûͣ٣ɢͬһƬƣǰ۶ȥ
ƶ֮һ޾
УһƬڣ䣬ˮ£Լ·ƽԭ֮УƷΧ󣬸ǰ·һǳ֣ǳǳ½ķˡ
ڰڣϥ£˫͵һһ£Ϊң¡߲ϣ꣬ˡ
ȴǷ⣬һ˿˿ϵشڱֱڡ
ʱһΣ죬ƴŨܱϡǴΧʧΨһƬƴڣ飬ǰ۶ȥ
֮ƲڣƬһ̾ҵķձʧǿƴСٴμ۶ȥ
֮죬תۼ䣬ѧƵѾȹ£µһգȻ֪Ʈʲôط䶯ջ¶һӰϡ
ĺһ˫ۣͫʧȡ֮һƬѡǾˡ
µʱ䣬Ƶſھ˵ھŲ㣬һЩҪԲ⻹ջջµУŲϸı䣬ҵ˰һڣ˫¶֮âֻ͸ͫ󣬿֮⡣
ԺڣԼյĵͼУһţȫ
ãһξͿҵڡǰһȥֱ·أһƬޱ޼ʵĴ֣дɽʱ˻
ɲǼ䣬ֱУֱǰԺڸܵһڣٶȥ
ûãֵͣһźѰĴԱߣŴľԽʮ֮ߣԵúС
֪˶ã˺ϱ֮֡
һԼ֮ľ޴ߣľϣ޴ͷ­³оӵͬʱ˫۶֡
ûȥߣַϣ˫պϡ
ǲڴͷ­䶯ȥֵܸܵĿ£ǡ
˼ɺһԾɿֱӴһԾһڵϣĿҶһ˦Ŵ߶ȥ
ȥɲǣ˫͵ֱӿҪȥİ֮˫Ŀһֱ߶ȥȻ̧һץβһ֮У߷˻Ťɢâ
ģһȾ޴֮Ӱֳ߱
ߣǰ֮һǴһ㣬ȥһ˲ֲ
߱ûţһ̤ȥ


1782 ħǬһ
ʱִȥɫƽȴǰ̾ߵȷǰ֮һȴš
廨ţһһѰȥҲлѰţֻǾƵԲڵתҲǲҡĻȥһһѰҰš
ֻܵȼºǳڴˣһδȶԵ߲Ϊڴת䳹һЩӦÿҵһ̣ҵţڰգ˼
ӰŶڼۡ
ʱܿһζº
׼ȷ˵ѧƵĵ£ڴȣչ
Ϊ˵ؾʮ֮һÿӶһŵͽ׵ӵĴȣѡߣص
ڶٳյʸʹÿһεĴȣΪҡ
ʿ֮ޣǿʳǲп飬ʶÿһεĴȾҪ㵽Ϊֹǻ˳֣һֻҪɱ¾Ųȥᡣ
ڣٶʮһϵɽ壬ÿһϵɳ˲Ȳȣʤһϵɽ壬÷ʹͣʶ֮УΪпᡣ
һǧ˵ıԣҪһʱ䣬ÿʱҲǶټ֮ʱҶ̫ϵɽڵĵӣ˴֮ȫʶߣÿһεĴȣҲǱ˴ʶĻᡣ
һգյʦٴγأټеӺ󣬴ѡˣμһεĴȡȻڣһˣһŮӣŮòδЦ
ŮΪ÷߲ļУỤ̊ƺһЩĽ֮ڣϧһδȺŮΪ£ȥյͷ
˺ʱյΪպɱϣı߲𣬵һ㣬ȴǸͬܣǵǧǰԼڣˡ
ԸıһУԸıԸ񣬴Ϊ컯ã򻵡
ʦܣûϲƵʸǿӰշֳ˼ʱߴһ㶯
÷ЦȻп֣ᣬ档
΢΢һЦǴݣû˵
Цݣ÷Уȴĵ˲죬ļڣյһԼ˵첻֪һ
ڶԷ΢Ц͸ѣȴǴΪ̺ͬһ˵ĸоյǼΪӢ֮ˣ˿̴ֵ΢Цһɶص
ԶһĻɫǰһʵеѪ˿ƣȴǰĵĥ¶
÷ƻҪڣʦ˦䣬һƬˣХգֱڶȥ
ͽ׵ӵĴȣսⶫڵڹ㳡֮ϣ˵ڣʱϵټ̤벽
ҲΨ֮ʱϵӷɽܶˣһ֮Ҳֻһλѡ
㳡󣬵ҲǧʿֻԣȻΧܳΪʮ֮һ֮Ī
㳡֮ڣ볤֮᲻ϵز󷨽ƣÿһδʱῪС֣˺أڶڵĶٿռѷ졣
Ǵȵһս
˿ⶫڹ㳡ϣһպХϵÿһڣǸϵʦŵǰ
ǵͽ׵Ӵȣںпܳδ콾ʶÿһεĴȣڲκ˹ȫ֮¡
̫ϳϣִ֮ȫ֣ۿͽ׵УǷڽһ
㳡֮ʱ˵زȵĵȻ˴룬ڶ࣬飬ȴ˿ңȻУû̫ĳ֮
һȻȻľһεѹڴ˵Խ࣬ѹԽǿңѹͷʹͬʱ
ʱٶʮһϵӣȫ٣վǹ㳡УһŵĳĬš
ɫƽߵ÷ȴû΢ЦСأЩнԺһЩͬܿΪš
ֵĴݣ÷ĿУΪ죬֪ΪΣȴҲƽ
Ҷڴ˲űʹñоʮ֮һһУǵʦȱѪ񣬵һӡ
գһĴ֮գϣϣҶڵδϣϣܵұʿĲϣ
ȵһأ붫ѷ죬ʱΪ죬ڣȡ˴ǰʮأһϵ㳡ڻȴһƬ˸£ӰЩӰȫǶڵǿߣ˿һһϥڿգĿ·㳡һǧɨ
оʮĿ⣬ϡ
ͬһĻ߲ļڿһһճֵĽҲһΨͬģɨĿ⣬߲ʵļڣǿ
յ˵ҲмĿ۶Ŀ£յͷֺǱ
˵Ҳвȴû̧ͷͦأҧ֣ƾƵʸ񣬿νʡ
£һУȴǶıˡ
ҲĿɨƾμ֣Ҳû˿ãЩĿֻһɨ
֣һɫƽû˿仯ЩĿ۶ûаӰ죬ʵҲȷ
սȭͷͷ˫Ŀڣ¶ļԹޣзǳ⣬ΪʲôųյΪʲô仯֮һӦȴյߡ
أ˿̣ϵ㳡̱һƬʮɫȡâɣ˸㳡Ͽգһ޴Укתͬڶ¶һƬİ硣
гֵһɲǣ㳡вμӴȵĵͼ۵ӣһâƣӻֱжȥ
һǧˣһǧ磬УƬ̺ȫʧӰ㳡һӿֻиϵӵʦվսڵӰȭ󣬱˴ϥ£
ϿյУ˶ȥֹͣתǻ羵һ㣬İⶫѷڵһУ¶ֻʶ룬ͿɿС
ַʽöڵĴͨʿǣ̶ȵѰҳδ콾
һƬޱ޼ʵڴأջ谵ͬƻʱһƬĳǶڿٵĿռѷ졣
һУģ½ĳһƬá
ֳ֮ʱһƬһ˶Ӳݵƽԭϣڵλã߲ʼУһһ
յһڣձƣʧˡֻܿ༸ϵӱˣһâɡ
յֻǹâ£΢һ
飬յ̼յ̵ܵŰ˵ûɱ˺ȴյһԸתص㣡
ˣһжı䡭̧ͷŻ谵գ


1783 һر
ƬƽԭڣǰӲݣǰб¶һС·죬ʱ䣬㹻ȥһ顣
ֻֻ˼Ӧȥδ̼߲ʵ꣬ΧĻҡ
ôһһɡֽŲһ٣̧ͷգȴ谵УһХߣȴ·ϿʱͻȻͣ£ⱩУǳڵӰֱֶ
һ۵꣬һɱѪϢ⣬һɲٽҪȡͷ­
ٵɲǣֻ̧һָǽ⣬âͻȻ˸ֱӱ¶ǳΪĩķɽԼɽһȻꡣ
һ̱ʧָǰΨöƱƯһ
ðɣһڣõһˡִһ˦öƺǰһȥɲʧӰ
֮ʱȴһХĳԣǳһʮ߰꣬һ裬ʱ̹۲ܣֳֵ̫ͻȻһ֮£һգӲֱ׹·
ûкɱˣ̧֮ʣжһơתһΣӰʧ
ⶫڴȵĵһڣͬȺһ㣬Ǳ֮ˣûпӹߣ׷ױȡơ
أһպգһۿ󣬾ͻầȻнơЩͽʿֳּΪ⣬֪߲ʵļ磬һвĵطڼתУĺ
˵˿һ⣬ڹ㳡еĹߣǵĴڣǵ˼ʵ϶߲ʼ˵߲ʾӦΣڵı־ͻΡ
˭һʱ䣬Ȼٶöƣ
ɱ¾ϣΪҲǱȳ˸̫߳࣬ÿһָж̺Ϊ
һδȣ˺п޶֣û뵽һУȻ
ܽڣпֱߣһΪ𾪣ǵϵĸϵʦͬĿ⾼
յʦ¶֮ЦֱֵԽͻԽΪ´󹦣õʹҲԽࡣ
һڣֿĸܵԼһƣԼѵյڵһ콾׹䣬ܳ˴ŤҪļŤ߲ʼıס
̼ǲҡͷʶȻɢִ˵Χʶɨһɲǣ˵ĴڣȫûС
Ѱҵ߲յʵ콾ЩյӰųĿ֮â߳һغµĴУ˼ߵΡ
һˣΪóٶȣչӰһƬ߲ʼڣһΪ
Ŀƽ̤գһ֮пԽ޾һһΪʿ
Χˣֳֵɲǣ˲ҽлɢЦҪ׷̾һ͵תһ۾Ϳʮ⣬Ư￴Լ֡
ܵŤֻֿԿ˿ӽŤΪƺ߲ʵ˷һ
ƣҡֻڣСʿʵڲԸˡ
˫ͫ˼󼲳ۣٺ䣬ɲǾ˳ԶУ٣̫ˡ
̾һӣ̲ҽ׳ȫ壬Ȼ־Ӷݶߣʮӳ˲䣬ܵŤȻ
ŵϢһŨˣȫ¶ڣһЩࡣ
̼ôôҾͰɱкһʶȻ˴˵ص˿̼ΪǱСĽĶһɽڣϣ˰˸ơ
յƵӦѧŶԣȵһҾǱһжΪյҪɱϥɫյȻһ㡣
ű˲٣ƾʲôһʸѧϰƵƾʲôʦ˿أĳԹޣҧҪˣڵɽ壬ȴɲȻһ
һºɽɫ䣬һֱӳɽ壬߳һ˲ɽȻķʯмֱ㲻ʯϣֱѪ˰ɡ
ͬʱֵӰ
ƽڡ
֣ʶǰӶݵһɲǣֵ֣ͷһ֮£ĺΪ㡣
һ˲䣬ĸоܵŤľ˺֮·廨ڵ磬ڽҪıԵ
廨ŵϢ˿̴ΧкɲǼͱָܵڣ
˫¶֮⣬˼ȻһΣʶɢֱ˵ʣһڵӶȥХ˲ϢٽЩڵӵĿ־뺧ȻУǵֱӱȡߡ
ߵԽ࣬ܵŤԽӼң߲ʵǳ˾ҵĻңڵһУȫ෴ǿҵķͬ˺ȱڣʹֶڰڣܸˡ
ⶫڴȣûеڶءأʹ˵һأȡ˵ƣôֻһ˻ʤתȫ߸ļ䣡Ŀ˸Ӱһصڼٴ󣬷ǱĶڵӣȫʧȥ
зߣ̺俪ֱϾЩûг϶˵߲ʼڵˣȴûȥɱ
ΨЩ߲ʼԼպжԽߣÿɱһˣܵŤͻ
ƺ߲ʵĵ꣬˷һ
ɨһĶڹ㳡ϣ˿˶վǵһƬŤӰҲ˱ļ󣬵ȴû˿ȫĿⶼڰֹͣתڡ
ǿֵľٶһˣ˼ȫ壬ⶫʷδֹ𺳣
ǵһб𾪣߲˿ˣڣ
һڣȡ˽뵽֮һöɲǣܵŤȻ춯أϢΪһһ˿
ֱ谵գ˫̧ǰ͵һ˺غ˫˺죬סգһ˺֮£һ޴ѷȻ˺
ѷ⣬Ƕڹ㳡
ǹ㳡𾪵Ŀ£ִһվ˶ڰգ
ңյǴ˷ȣһ仰ɲǣձһӰȫŤɢԶĴأɽ壬ȵһ֮ȫһɲǺ䱬
廨磬̲飡
ͬʱŵϢתǬһ˲׵¶
ΨһûбģǶںɽٳأ


1784 ٳ䣡
ٳأ߲ʵڣһδ̤ĵطʦ濴࣬Ҳʼûнⶫٳء
ΨһһΣںò׻˽붫ٳصʸȴǳ⣬ڣһź
˿رΩⶫٳػڣɴ˿ɼ߲ʵ꣬һźִš
ǰϢеĵ廨磬˽һɲǣ΢˳⣬޷˵صơ
Ͼ廨Ե俪󣬾սϹҲ
˿̣żĺսϹϢǻƲϵҪԳ
°֣еĸ棬ȴû¶һһѰȥض˷ʱ䣬ִ˷ŶΪϾȡɣǽ߲ʵ۵һɲǱƳ
˽Ǵڻ֮Упֻûҳţ˵ؾȫٴǸʱҪȥѰңΪѣ
òײŴµľ棬Ȼ丶֮
̼ǲôյ¶ٳأĪҪҰԸ붫ٳôãְԸҪڣ֪ʱȣ˿սϹʱƿƽ˵ء
ûԥǰһΣֱΨһûбĶٳضȥɲǼٽ˵أǶٳڵڶһһֻûб⣬ˮ峺ɢ㡣
˲̤붫ٳأϥ˳ˮڣ£ˮһɲǣߵԴȻ
ˮΪ죬Ȼ̺޷ıԴϢĳУߵԴں
ں£ֵߵԴͣȻǿֹתУǴֱӳ
ĿڵĻ汾ԴһƬ𺣣ⶫٳڣյԴ֮Ȼһ֮ˣ
ˣһһȴɻɣ˵ɻ֮Դ۶ˣֵĻ֮Դ׵׵ĳ֮ǰɣΪԲ
ǻ֮⴩ŻһǿϢȻ춯ء
ͬʱĿһһͷˮڣʹⶫٳ˸޾߲ϣƬ̺һӳˮڻȴɳ䣬ͬΣ
ǻ֮һ۶֮ˣֵӣУͬɣ
ţüе١Դζٳصĳˮ½һ룬ˮ֮ԴȻ䣬ֵǰԴ
˫쿪ͬؼ֮ɣһϮɫ۴ϣƮҡΪˡ
֮ԱߣԴ붫ٳںϺ󣬻ûͬ
Դ֮ƿΪƾΪȫƮݣɷǣ˫Ŀ¶޾ɫ֪ͬһб仯
ٱԴ֮˫Ŀϣȫʵ֮佻ȥһƬȴԸһѹ
Դȫûнֵɱ¾Դٴ˴ĳˮʹⶫٳֻʣ˲ɳˮɱ¾Դ
ȻɷɣѪһƬڳֵ˲䣬ɢԻص
Դ˫ĿѪ˿ĽƱԴֵǰһƬѪ˿һͬ˫ͫһ㡣
ٳصĳˮٴμ٣ֻʣ˲֮󣬽ƱԴȻԲγ˱ԴƯǰΪ߱Դ
ִ˿ĵ𺳣Ȼﵽ˼ޣսϹǻҪ˴˵ذž죬ڡ
ôҲû뵽ڵĶٳأȻֶ컯Ĵ֮ͨЧȻñԴٴν۳δ˵ҲδıԴ
ֱ仯ϣ޷˾˵ı仯
ȴףһжõģⶫٳ߲ʼһб仯Ҳһֿܶѣһ߲ʵȫǻصʵУʱһжɢ
ȴһϣ֪˶ٳصҪ
ȥ½ضҪȥٳأһڷźֿĸܵԼٵģΪȴǱ
һУûн𺳣ʣɵĳˮڣٴκȻ仯ڲߵԴеڰ˵
ڰ˵Դˮ֮Դлã˵ֻСɣԶԶûдɻʵڣʹΪߡ
˿̣ⶫٳصĳˮХ˳ȫë׼룬ˮ֮Դںϣܵǵڰ˵Դͣⶫٳصĳˮȫɢɲǣڰ˵ԴȻɣ
γ˱ԴˮȫâɣӨ͸ͬˮһ㣬۶ɲǣڵĿڵΪȻ
˲䣬ͻԭĿڣֱ˿۷壬Ҳֻһ֮
еھŵԴ̤֮Ӵ֮󣬾žŹһԴ۷壡
ٳأʧȥȫˮȻѷ죬£ֱӱ鵹Ϊޡ
ٳأ⴦ڻеΨһ֮˿ȫ߽⣬˫ۡ
һɲǣ߲ʼ磬׵ĻˣսϹϢȻڣֱֶ
ͬʱе߲ʼ磬ѳİϢУһţ˼ΪǿҵϢϢһӾѹţ
⣬ͨ½ⶴţ
͵̧ͷսϹХɲǣһԾڴ죬ǿΪ٣ָо־ȴΪֵδһţ
ڽȫ߲ʼ磬ɢŵϢȴԽǿңǰ
սϹһ㣬ٶٶȣȴ޷׷ѧƵ˰˸Դ֣
ֻһ£Ȼͳڣ
ԭһɽ壬˿ͻȡ֮һȾ޴ţ͸ŲɣպиǼΪӴǰͬϣ
ٽŵһ˲ûаԥ̧һɲǣȫ֮Ϊȫ֮ȻһڣֱӾͰǰĴϡ
ţһͺ̻ûǰ˸Դȫһһƣڴϡ
һ춯أţȻһ϶俪
ѷ⣬½Ӵޱȵ磡
ŷպ󣬵һδڲƿ֮ˣ˿̵飬޷ݣ߰ڵɢˣ߳磬̤̫ǳһɲһġ
ڴſ̣һɴ½Ϣѷڷй


1785 ٳѰ
ⶴŴһ϶½ϢںХɲǣǱؼ䣬սϹӰһ
ǴӰ˫Ŀ¶Ĺ⣬Ķ֣֪ΪΣⶴŴ򿪵һ˲һΣ֮Уڡ
վǴԣתԶսϹſ϶½ϢƣϢʹڵѪڻѪҺתӿ졣
Ϣһ
˴ţҲҳȥϷ˵ûеļ䣬ȴҲٲһЩ½ĸ򣬶½֮䣬ϣΨӵѪ֮˲ſ߳
ѪԳȥ꣬뿪ⶴ֮Ϸɱй֮ˣսϹǹΣԽǿңûٽԶ
Ѿ򿪣֮Ҳûβɻĳ϶ѵңһ뿪Զ̤붴磡սϹƴһĻ
û˵ǲܽģ˻߲꣬յԼĵлࡣ
ĬУ̧Ĺ˸ŷӡģӡΪĹ⣬ȴѪ˿ƣѪ˿лѪ
лΪֻأΪۣ۳ӡһӡӡ͸֣ⱾǰΪʦһ顣
ӡ½ϢںϺ󣬽ӵзӡ߲֮
ŷӡֵһɲǣǿһ϶ĴţɢĴϢХֱ֣ŷӡٵں
ĹȻֵͬƯɫ̫һ㣬ǹâֳֵģĶҲڣԶԶһʡ
ֻɷӡ֮ȴûȫմɢϢֻǿ˷϶һЩ
ڸܵɷӡ֮ɲǣսϹ˫ͫ͵֪ԼΪλΣĸоһУڵķӡ½ϢںϺɢķӡ֮
кһսϹû˿ԥһֱֶȥ֪˿˺󲻵ãΣ֮ǿңҲҪֹĻ룡
֮죬˲ٽǰʮɣսϹ̧һɫսֺȻֱֶȥͬʱսϹ߲ʻӰǳصȴǻӰ߲ʹâ˸߲ʵ˵Ļ꣬ûȫ߲ʣ֡
ţȫֻ¶˫۵߲һ꣬˫Ȼ쿪ˣ޵ڸһУֹȥ
ɫƽŷӡɢϢսϹ߲ٽɲǣ̧ǰȻһġ
һ֮£ܰ˸Դûͬ˸ͬʱĳһơ
춯أĵ廨磬˿̴Χɢ¶ǿգ¶εߡݷԼ橵˵Ӱ
˵սȸսǵӰҲ׷׻û
ԴһսϹɫȻ˱仯ûеļ䣬δⱾԴǵߣȴڿⱾԴ˲䣬¶Ȼ޷֮ɫ
Դ⡭ǱԴѰ֮ӵһԴѾǼΪټȻа˸
г񾳿⣬һֳΪĿܣ뱾Դйأֿܾһֱûб֤ʵȴ˱Դĺ
ְ˸Դ뱾ͬʱһƣսϹǺУ߲֮֮꣬꣬սϹȫӾˣ
һΣԿսϹ˺
һһɴ˳ֺڣǺ˸Դϡ
Ŀһ֮ͨ˳ƻһΣӺһѰš
źͬʱǰ˸Դͬ˺һһײǴϡ
⾪ĺ¡¡£Ǵٴαƿֻһѷ죬ΧĿձ˽ɣ
ˣѾҪȥƶڰ½Ϣ˲䣬пϣ俪ԽԽ
ͬʱ½ϢХϵŷӡںϣսϹɫɲǣ̧
սϹ¶֣˿룬һеѸٺˣеķӡϡ䣬ƺ濴л࣬¶
л࡭ҵĵӣҲҵʦ̾УһӣŷӡĹ£ֱԶӶݵսϹȥ
ӡͬսϹٶٿ죬Ҳ㲻
ӡţһǰһƮƮɲٽսϹһУһӡֱüġ
սϹ˫ͨͬʱ֮¶־壬̧Ƿӡżٻ裬պ䡣
һͨһʮɫ޷ֹŷӡ·ǰһжڣӡŴ͸еͨޣƮƮģӡսϹ⣬֮üġ
ӡµһɲǣ֮귢ĲҽУӶʱصӰ߲ʹâУ˲仯߲֮꣬ʹǷӡ߲֮üġ
һӡѣһƬĹ⽫߲֮ڣԶԶһͬһŴ㣬Ϣʱ䣬߲֮Ĺ֮УȭͷСâ
˿̣սϹӼۺˣ¸вƻǶһٵ֮꣬޾Ŀ־壬ǰƮĵڶӡţĿŹӡԼüģɢͬʱȫơ
ԶεˣһĻ𶯣û뵽־Ȼ˺Уݷ⣬ǿֵĿ⣬Ϊӡ
ǱΪһζģջְ޷һ˶ȹ£ʼգ޶ûһȫƾԼ֮ߵһ
߲սϹڵ֮꣬˿һһĹ֮ȭͷСĹţնսϹ֮ϵ
ϵնϵɲǣսϹ˫ĺѪĿоâȴ
˿ܣĿϣĶţǿĴţսϹ¶΢Ц
㡭һ룬Ҫⶴţϧʧܣں˻ꡭսϹ壬ɢƤήкˮ䣬ڼٵڻ֮С
ұڶǰȥˡһֱ飬ҽ˳֣ллսϹԽһѾɢˡ
ʣİӣȴ˫һУŷɢĹУ磬ֱǳһĴŶȥ
ȴҲҪһһȥ½
ûֹսϹİţǴ⣬ɢ


1786 ȭһݳɢ
ţȫ򿪣
磬ûڣǱƵľ޴Ķ˿̺Ȼ𶯣ϺɢӰ
޴Ķмѿһ޴ķ϶ӷ϶ɢкģѷԽԽȫ˺˴󶦣ʹô˶Ժѡ
УһȼߵĽţػûųһƬƣʱܿһƬİĴ½ʱһƬģ
Ŵŵĳ֣ⶴ֮أķ棬ȫ߽⣬ǿգ붴ǿһ
ڶУйעʿ˿һ̸ܵһ𶯣£붴ĵڣȻɢǴ󶦳֣
еĽţɢ޾⣬ֶ磡
⣬һӰûнڣû֮ˣ棬ɭεе橣֮ˡ
֡
ǽԼſĺһƬĬû˵ȫĿ⣬ǽɫڣʱģʱ硣
Ŵţ¶ǧĸп
ţڿˣڳˣ
һ죬ֵ˺ܾãԴ֪ڵֻһŻһ죬ԼԴǶţ̤磬½
Žţ˻㱣ǧһĻĻԺڸ֣һƽɽ庢ͯһߵڣ˶š
̿ɬ˿ڵļִţҲãҲյһδ˵Ľ
ţҴˣһѡҵĳŵ㡣ţ˰ˣ뵽Ľ
л࣬ҳŵ¸һ
ֿǽɫţϡ䣬ƺУԼһ
橣ҧ´ǽţ۽ˮ磬ţʦⶴ磬Ѿ̫̫ãľе˼ȴǻִš
һ죬ȵˡ
Լݷ⣬ŽţɫǸпⶴѾ£ֻգɻû˿ջתͷһߵݷ⣬Ŀ¶顣
ǵãݷ⻹ֻһʮ˾꣬񣬳ȴòı仯ʵݷѾǲɣ
ؼҰɡ̾
ؼҡݷŽţһ侲ı󶯵˿ҲǸУãЩֲ壬½ǼңǶǼˡ
ǵʿŽţͬпӣ˵
ȸ˳ĬŽţĿɬУ˵ߵڣĴս߲ʶһĻĻ
ǽҪص½ߵڣɢˡ
Щڶ֮ˣεǽŵĿ⣬Щɣ֪ܶ飬ֻһǶţȴǲ֪ȥ
뿪¡
ɭͿ˾ͬĬǽţ֪дʲô
򣬴󶦽⣬Զǿд˿ХȴڶʿԶԶڿǽŵɲǣ׷𺳡
ֵĿ⣬֮ӽջأܸܵԼ壬ڳǿյһɲǣڵİ˸ԴѾɢˣˮԴɻ統һСɣ߸ԴҲڡ
һУû붫ٳ֮ǰûб仯
֪˿ɻһ˿ܿͱѹ£һɶ½ٳصڴ
֮䣬һЩ϶Ӧþ£Ŵ򿪣жԹһʹ
뿪磬ĳͣ˫ֱȭг֮ˣȭһݣ
ԴǳϿңû˿٣֣ˡ
ǧֱ˿̶ſһĻĻлƣˣƣ
ƣ˿ˣεΪŮˣɭѣؼʱ̳֣˿Ҳƣ
Ҳã䡢ȸҲգ֮ޣȫƣһζ֮ս伤ҵĳ̶ȣ
ߣĬеһֱ߳ȭ˫¶֮âһ˿ӣ֣úڡ
ѣϷһպȥ֮أһ𣡡
лǰ֮ǰڣĳ覣һȥݷáֵͷƽڡ
ݷ⣬İ̾Ŀһܣտ֣ȭһݡ
֣أһսû½ٷʤ
Ƶѣءֿݷ⣬˵Ļ֮ⶴҲп̸䣬ĿʿϣͷĿʲô̧Զǿһӡ
ȴԶǿղŤ׻սһʿӰ¶˵ĳ֣ûߵ⣬֪һ㡣
ȸսȴΪ֮һ㶡
λѣĳڴֻͣУ׻սɿ˽ʿʿĬУߵͬߡ
һˣ磬ֱŶȥɲǽڣǽҫУУɢˡ
֮߳˴ţȸսĬ߳һݡ
ѣ֮ǰ֮¡лԭ֮ҵһ½Ҫҵȱضӡ˵֮ս̧ͳһöƮ֡
ֽӹ򣬵˵ͷԶİ׻ս
Ҳ߰ɡ
׻սһ㶣¶м֮ɫһݣȸߣȸսɫӣĿһۡ
лл
ֳĬУ˻磬ֱŶȥʧУص½
橣ҧ´ᲽǽɫĴţʮɵλãͣת֡
лл㡭
ңҲ㣬лˡ橣˵
ſҪ˵ЩʲôȴǳĬţӰ⣬ڽҪʧһɲǣͻȻͷ
ǻô
û˵橵˫УӰʹĿеԼ֪ʧ˽ڡ
ˣвڶ֮ˣȫһһȥĿεɨտޣﱧȭһݡ
һƬޣûаӰڣΪѰûŤƻصȴһУƶ
ǰһ·ȥǣȥɽ磬ⶴ֮أֿҴ򿪶ţɷ
ƬֻɲǣͻȻŤһӰ֣ͻȻĻʣ֮̾һ뿴ȥ
֪ġһ͵ģֵӰл


1787 ޳
ŻĴȴ֮޵Ӱ¶ǿڡ
ڿ޵һɲǣεɭɫȻһ䣬˫Ŀͫ͵Ϊء
ǶͻȻޣûаǴ˿̣ҲֻĿܿ˫ۣʶû˿֡
޿ɭεǴŸȤ΢Ц֣ȴֵĻش𣬶֪Լأһ޲⣬ȴһڽг֣޲ɵ˲²⣬һЩ
֪ˣڵһڣǰ׻СһУȡСʿһʶ֮꣡ǰһƷֻ֪꣬ϣߺһĻĻ΢ЦУڡ
ֳĬƬ̣˵ͷʵҲȷ˵йֵ֣ȷǴʿֻ
Ƿֻеļ䲻࣬Ͼ䲻ȫ棬ֻһЩ飬УͰȥһĻ
һ㣬Ҳ֤ʵ翴ʿһ˿ɻ󣬱ϾûпеĿڳӹߣ
׼ȷ˵ѻ߷ɱ׼ȡĿһ̣ǹʧĺȻ˺ϸѰԭǷֻڣҵ˴𰸡
ڵڶŮڵĶڣֱ˺ǹ֮ĹУǰԼ֪Ĵ֤ʵ˺վ޳ֵһ̣ףԼ֪飬ġ
֮׼ȷĲҵλãӦĿйءȴǺ˴޴֮ı˴ϢӦҡͷһ㣬ȷˡ
ֲַܱ֪ԼӰݣһϿѾ޵̽Ϊ⡣
Ϸ˵Ŀɶԣ΢Ц֡
ɫŹ֣ٴε˵ͷ
˵㲻֪Ϸ֣֪ҵݣЦݸʢߣ鼫Ϊã˵ĸо˿̻ЩζһӦһЩźõĸп
½֮һһ𣡡ֳĬƬ̣ڣǷֻ֪һ֮ʱˣþòƽʱɫȴصĺܺãûб˿ߡ
֮ޣ֮ԷǵĿģҲΪǰԭס£Ҳǰ֮£мֿޣ˵
ԽԽϲһ·ֵĸ涼󣬼ΪУⲻĻɵĴЦ
Ϊ͵ģ֪ԼڣɴʼգȴǴδ˵һԼĻһζ֮սȫȫƾһ֮תǬ
һ㣬ûаԥȷҪΪΨһӵͷ
һ½һأΪΨһӣػһСһԸⲻԸ⡣֣ɫͰûа֮⣬ǴųһĿһ
ɫһů⡣ȴûпͬ⣬ǳ˼
޹۲Ȼһʱ䣬֣Ѿ˽⣬ֵӣµ˼
üͷһ壬޿ǽţ̾һüǶ֣²ģֵ˼
½ϣкܶප磬˵һ߱ģɣԼĶ磬ֻǹȴǺж߳˵Ϊˣ
߲ԼɢĻȻûбӡĽ֡޿֣ڡ
֪ΪʲôΪ
½ϵһɿٳĶ磬ûѪ޷ͨʹڵĹ
˵ǹʵԿһ붴ѹѹ֮󣬻ʹһûѪĶ飬߳һɲǣɢѹ͸һɲɣ
˿Եֿ˼ף㲻ԸԼ뿪Ҫ뿪֮ˣȫȥ½̾Ϣһ
뿪ǿ뿪֮ˣȷͷֳĬ˰죬˵
ǲܵģĪ˵㣬λ֮ǸŮӣҲȥ½޵Ļ˵͵̧ͷ
Ҳȥˣ
¶ӣ֪ŮӶֵҪ˵ͷ
ãá
֮ǰ˸ң½нߣԼ򡭡
˭ô˵ƭ㣡¸޷Ǿͬʱ֣ɵֿϵ
Ѫȶ޷ı䣡
ɫ԰ףһʧȥ˴ѪҺкʣһѪ
ĿеĹʣɲһɾĴʹŤ
ǽŮӣҲ鿴һ£ֵǣĻ겻һʧˣҲⶴѰҹȴû˿ºǹ졣
ΣĻ겻޷ѣҿ
Լȥ½պлᣬѰҵʧٵĻ꣬ٻص˵˵ţֹͣ˻ֵ˫ۣѪ
ġôֿɬĵͷ
Ҳµһ˷ȥ½֮ҪⶴţҪȥ½ȫΪ
Ϊѣԭ뷨ǴһȥѰѵȥҶȥǧꡭⶴ磬ԶҲȥֱૣˮˮɫŵĺ졣
걯񱯣һд汯֮Ѫ
ֵĻεУĬԼŮˣ˾һŮӣһΣȴûзŭ˼еģֻͬ뱯뵽Լӡ
޿֣ã̾һȻڡ
֣Ҳûа취ϷȥһΣԿʩչֻתҪ뿪ⶴѣϷת£תķµ½ϣ
תͶ̥Ǿ½֮ӵѪǵļᱻ⳾ҪպһһȥѰǣǵ㻯ѳļ䣡
̣ἫΪǶϷҲ㲻еˣֻͿתͶ̥Ҳ᳤ǧ겻ֹ
תͶ̥Ϸ޷ȷص㣬½̫ˣҪ׼ģһһҵǣ
ǽŮӡ겻޷תͶ̥Ϸͬ㣬ڵֿһɲǣɵĻᣬȫȥ½
ֿܣֻɣһʧܣһͬңѡ񣡡ⷬԼҪĴۣ˿̣֣ȴûԥĿˡ
ûԵ޹ʵİһ㣬סֻЩˣͬȴǿԻͬĽ֣統Ķ죬ޣǵΪ˽ģȴů
ضֵõĶ죬յޣȥô


1788 ޻ڲ쵱ŵ
ֵͷŽϤǿգĬ
޵Ļ߻þòɢǻ͸һйν½׼ˡ
תͶ̥ôૡ
꣬ǧꡭ뿪磬ûѪ֮ˣҪ֮ʱ䣬һһ½ϵĳһ䡭
ǧٴ֮ʱȥǱ⳾ļ䡭̧֮ͷޣһݡ
ףԵĶԿҪ޸ܴĴۡ
֪˭뿪磬Ҳ֪мˣΣǰ֮
ǿУǰ֣һ֮У֮䣬һڤڤڵϵ˵壬ȴڡ
ͬǼ㹲뿪Ĵ⣬Ҳ޻ڣֻն޻ƽǿ˺籩˷
޻ڣ
޻ڣ
޻ڣ
һ޻ڣǧ޵ĵģһ޻ڣתǧ꣬صħ˵Ľ
һ޻ڣǰһĽ˼Ĳɣһ̣˳
ؼһŮӣУĸףûһˣȡĽλãǧ죬ȴһ
ӰƮƮȴһǰ
һǧµ飬ֱһգҲɢǲͬǱ㹲޻֮ģ
ԶεУε˫ǿɽķ򣬳Ĭˡ
˫۾¶Ŀ֣޻ڵĻ˵ͷ
תͶ̥֮ԿҪһЩʱ׼һº뿪֮ʩ
㡭Լѡ񡭡ûȥȰ˵ӵĿ죬ֵԸѾ˽˺ܶ࣬ףǰ֮ˣԸϣһı䡣
֣ǳҵҪԸȴǧȥһһ˷⳾ļ䣬Ϊ壡ԸԳȥҪҪ뿪֮ȫ߳һ㣬Ϊʣ
İˣ¹޻ڣΪ飡
һ֮ˣҵһʼжضȥԹ޻ڵػҵһֱ㣡Ŀ΢ɲһ˾ϡ
ĿһۣΣһݣתȥˣһͬȥģгĬε
ɭ־󣬴Ƿ뿪תͶ̥뿪ԥãȻǿյľͷҪϸ˼һ¡
ǿһƬƬֵУȥֻһĻڴ˿ֵĿУȴֲˡ
ãջ˿ǿյĿ⣬ǿڼۣȥ֮δ뿪򣬶ŵĶ֮ضȥ
ǵֻһѷڣͨĵڶڡ
ǰֻһЩҪŵġǽȵŮӦӷյ߳
򣬾˵ķڣǵĶǣѾңԶнŵĹâǿڽɫϼС
ѷ죬ǿͬһ˿ڣֵģʱɢģȾ˽ɫ
˿̣ѷ⣬ǿŤӰûĿ⾼ѷ죬һֱȥ˲Ϣٽ˫ɢĹ⣬ȫϢת˫ڣ˺֮ѷ͵һ˺
ǿպ䣬䣬ѷֵĵͺ£Ȼٴα˺С룬ʹںɢ¶ڲı֮ء
ڶı֮أΨһûбĵطȫ⣬ھɢȥ֮ɴڡ
ȣȥվѷ⣬ڴһХرɢңң
ڣǾ޴ʯƽ̨ϣϥȣ˫̧ۣͷԶ㣬¶΢Ц
ô˫ۣüɢһƬ̣ʧǰڡ
Ǳ˿һƬƮֱִĵطûãȻͳͨڴ
֣
ֻ֮䣬б
Ǳ˴ػڣΪ¹˵֮Դ˱Ӵ֮˵أûκϵҲǣҡ
ҵĻߡȵص
Ǳڵ֮꣬˼Ů֮ǰֽڶʱֻ󣬵ȴûйϷֻ֮
ǵ߹廨ţ˶ź󣬲Űѻɢ
޿ɺǣϾֻ˵ΪҪȻҪ
ŵ˿ûȥ˼£˺ѷУǰȻſһƵΪ䱾Դں֮
һΣȴǰѷڱɲǣ㴫֮صǿյͬʱ˴ϸѷ죬
ű鿪֮꣬һ˿˿ĴɢǱΧɲǣһ𣬻ȵӣ˺ѷڣһƮãǿС
ǿգɫƽûа㲨궯ֻãתǷһ
лл֮
ĳĳŵһѪĽãлֻҪãǾʹȥⶴ棬Ҫ뿪ȥ½ҲǶڵĵطҲ߲Ĺ硣
Ҫ߰ɡҪȥ½ǧתͶ̥֮࣡ĿȻϣҡͷڡ
ƽֵĻ˼Ƭ̣ǰǿգ˵
תͶ̥ˡǧꡭ
ϣƿµĿɬǲ֪δδãѡתͶ̥Ҳһõĵ·
ûڣ̧ϣƮջһȭͷСĹţƯڡ
ȭ봢ռ䡣һǿеıѷ죬תȥ
ǿգ˵ϤģУٶȲ죬ܵǳǰһ߹
ֵĳŵ˴Ӧ⣬һŮӣƺɺ贡
ⷯɺһŮӣ߲ʵһǷɺεãⶴ磬ȴǴ̫̫ãջǱĽ뵽ǻþڣԴȡѪ
½֮ˣתͶ̥ͿȥУԽ죬ƺȥƺɺڵѷռڡ
˴߷ɺ֮⣬һ飬ּ˿ⶴŴ򿪣Ҫȥһ£ˡ
һСŵҪһΪСĻ꣬ĴռڣѾܾúܾá


1789 ֮ɬ
ǻһµʱ䣬ȹɨĿ뿪һ£ȴǲͬ
תУʮ졣
ʮʱ䣬ҵ˷ɺ责Ů߲һѪԼͨ򿪵Ķţ뿪صļ硣
ɺ贵ȥǾ޴۴ﱾͱٿ磬յ˴ռڡ
ʮУֻѰҵһǣƾżǿķѰҵһ߸ոԱԴ֮һСĻ꣬İ£ǻںϣԪ
ЩһĬĬǿգϤһУģȴһ˿ᡣ
ⲻʼֻв࣬һ߹㼣ڣȴԽԽŨ
̾һӰʧ貵ǳ֮âڣʱǰĴĽӴҲɽڣ
̤ɽ磬زɢУֵɢɽͬʱҲй뿪ߣתͶ̥֮ʶ
뿪˵ߣѰҡºĳȥϥ䵱չڵɽϣĬĬı˫ۡ
ȥһѡֲԤֻǴһţ磬ڶ֮˵ǺǻҲ֪
ΪˣѡÿһҪȥ֮кʧ
ϥɽĵڶ죬˾ͽˣ̤磬аƣǰصĲƻصУžƺһһ߽վߡ
˾ͽϵӣһһͷƮҡź⣬һھƣ˾ͽڵϣյİƣɫƽȴ¶һ˿µӡ
֣˵תͶ̥ܲܳΪ½үء˾ͽૡ
ԭһ֮ɬ˾ͽһ仰ȴɢ˲٣¶΢Ц˾ͽùƺڿкһڡ
ĻԵɺͶ̥ΪүɲҪ̫ѰҵңҪӹһӵүѰҾͿԡ˾ͽϹһЦ֡
ôͬ˾ͽϣһʦѣ˿̾ǧһĻĻڶĿӴлطš
ˣӵʣȥ½һʵǿϧ½ôȻø˲٣˾ͽϴЦɫѡ
ʱ½ңûһ˾ͽϴùƺݺݵĺһڡ
ƽĿ˾ͽϣ˵Ŀã˾ͽϳ̾һ
Сӿǧң̵ģתͶ̥һҪͶү̥˾ͽ̾ϢУֵ˵ͷ
ûһȥѰ㡣
ˮǵڶѰ֮ˣߣк⸸Ůͬʱ٣ƮȻ߳ԡ
ˮﲻ࣬վĬĬĿһۺ󣬱Դǣߵĺ˫΢죬ɫ͸뱯⸸ŮϣһѡУֲ֪һĻ
̣½ϣһп³ߵķʱһҪһ𡭡ˮĿںϣ¶Ϊ׵ĴȰ
˾ͽˮ⣬ĸ֮ˣʮ
ʮ뷨ܼ򵥣ֻҪȥ֮ΪֵӣһҪ棬ǵɽ𺣣תͶ̥һΪʦΪʦ
ϥʮԸ񣬱ӳˣϵɷЩҲɢ˴룬ȫ¶գһ־ɣ
ʱŶȥмɽڴ˷һһ٣ֵϥ£ѡȥ
ֻصɽĵھ죬ٻ÷١
һϮµԵñ˲٣ɫűˣȴ̺˹ִţֵǰٻ÷ԼǲӰĿеı
Ӧȥôٻ÷ҧ´ڡ
˫ۣٻ÷á
Ӧȥôٻ÷ٴʵֻ仰ȴ˲
ٻ÷ٻ÷ĵĸӣԼһĸӡĻֻصڶߡ
Ӧȥôٻ÷ɫ԰ףһЩ΢Цŷ˿תߡ
ȥ½ҵһ죬ҽ⿪⳾һ졭ʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬㡭ô̧ץٻ÷֣С
ٻ÷Ųԭأת֣û˵ֻĵ˵ͷ
Ҳȥҵ㡣ٻ÷קٻ÷ԣһ
ֵһɲǣٻ÷ˮĺۼ£ϣʪһƬ
ײԸ뿪Ҫ衭ԼҲ֪òߡŸף½㡭ٻ÷ͷԭƴ˿̣ڱסֵһɲǣֻʣһ
㡭ϣȥ½ôٻ÷ҧŴ̧ͷ֣ã
ֳĬƬ̣˵ͷ
ǡҪһЩҵҡһһֱ㡣ٻ÷еãɢȥȡ֮һƬᶨ
ʱȥɽʮ֮ڣֻʣ죡֮ǰУһϤ֮٣ѡȥЩȥ֮ѡߣʵ̫̫١
Ͼÿ˶תͶ̥δ֪磬ֵһУںһͳһǿһΣ
ӣѡתӣ˼ѡ¡
һˣսҡӵȵȣǶѡڶУԸȥ
ֻʣʱĻƻ裬һƬ谵̫ԶϸòֻܿȺɽƣǻƻʱ֣һֱͬһŽɫĻ
续УԶԶӰм֮һӣò²ɣأ
ߣŮ˪һĮǰû˿⡣ϰ˪飬ûаڣ˪˫Ŀڣʼǳ껪˼׷䡣
ͬȴǲͬˣָоĲһƿ˺ʹ࣬ҪôҪôһȥܡ
֣ҵŮ׼뿪תͶ̥ػ䣬վԣתͷһ̾һ
µ죬ȫɹ֮㡢깫Ҳ˾ϣߣһ׼뿪ߣֻ࣬вʮˡ
һ죬ɽƮŵϸ꣬УһµľüзƮȻ̧ͷ˫ۿȥһɲǣģˮڣһɡľŮӡ
ڵĳ续һȾһͿ飬ĵʹأˣΨˮĻһɹһУʹǾӰƱһʵ
⣬ľü˵üΪһ̵ľü磬飬޷ǡ
ڻҪܷɻؼңһ£첹ϣǵ֮ǰǷһ£µ죬һ𲹣


1790 һ
Ըһ·ƽɡľüĻ֣ĻˮĻƮ𣬺ᣬ
վûѡ뿪Ϊ˿һۣһ֮󣬻һ֪¡
˼ֲ²ⲻľüͲһ򵥵ŮӣȻѡ£һµɡ
ǿҲԸǿ
µʱŶһĻƻ裬ˮԽŨرӣγӣһĿȥܿеؾͷ
վӣһȥ뿪֮ˣ׷ڿն𣬻һ磬лƻڣųĿĹâ
վգֵͷһ·ԶĴأľüɡʼվĿĻ֣ע֡
ˮɡȵˣһϮȹǱ紵ļ˿һĻƻ裬ƾ˼Щ˸С
ľüڰճĬ
һ䣬ãֻڡ
һ䣬ӭ㡭ľüɡԵһЩڸǣ˵
̧һץ֮£ߵԴͬʱתģǹâɴ͸ˮӳմصɲǣһѾ֮û
˽ںֱԴ֮еϢˣ
Ҳ֪ʱܻضڣǧ꣬꣬ãֱѽ㣬أ̾תգһȥ
뿪֮ˣ׷׳Х۶ȥٻ÷ڣͷһ۴ϵľüһ۹泤ߡ
ľüվڴϣ̧ͷȥĳ磬ˮ۽£ʹǰģ˿̵ӣͬɷŵӣڼǰȥӰԽԽԶ
ءľü˵ΨԼõĻµıԴ֮Զȥ
УֿϤһУƽԤУ飬ʵϻԶԶûн
ڣ֮޷սǻмڣȴˣεӵ򣬲¡һһЩ뷨һ
ȸսȥǽ֮ڣڵһȸǷϵضҲɢˡǲ֪ȸˣǷֳĬǰУһȺ뿪ɽ硣
ûȥ֮Ѱҡ
֮أô򵥡ָ롭Ŀһʼһ²⣬ֻ²ǵ̽Ѱʱ
ǱҷųĳӡˮһսְƱӡڷɽˡ˺Ӧ뿪˷ɽ硣֪ȥʲôط֮ŵĿҲᱻ
кܶͲĵطֱ˫ۣһǰȥЩʣЩ²⣬Ժ½֮ʱȥһһ֪
½ҵļңҵļң˷ȥлһ죡͵˫Ŀھһ
ûٴλⶴ֮ʱһأɴΪȥ̽һ飬ȴûôЩߣЩΪԼԼҵĻ䡣
˵ҲһִЩδ֮µĴڣʹһУҲԶǼ硣
ǿУʮХۣΪףųĶǰУΪף˿չٶȣһɲԶȥ
ٻ÷ٶȱֵչ£ȴް
һ޻ղŹһ죬ִˣĶǰǽɫĴǿգɢ͵ĽâԶԶһ׳ۡ
̫֧ǿһԣϥڽڣһɾ˵ѹɢܡ
ֵ˵һɲ˫ĿȻоĿһɨ
ǰ˼죬ҲûйϵЩˣ߱תͶ̥ʸ񣡡޻صǿգڿ˾һЩЩ˲ʮʡ١
Ϊǧͬʱת޻ǿϾԽ࣬ѾԽá
ʵһҲûдĵĸ֪һ˿뿪֮£ĻȻи֮Ҫ뿪֮ûôصҲޡ
ֲԸǷٶ飬һΣѾļˣΪ࣬ɸ˺
վ˫֮Ȼһӣǿ𶯣һƬƬƾճ֣Ű˷ɨȥǿջϡ
ʼ̫ңƬ̣ͬ󣬼ȡǿһ벨У޴趯дͣͷƮҡϡ
һ־޴Ѫɫ̫Ȼʹģ̫һǿյĽɫҲ޷ԡ
ֵ̫ɲǣһץȥ
һ飬Ϸ֮öһ£ǿպٴξңȴƾУɲǿڳһ޴УмתԶԶһҪǣǿձڡ
һƬһͬ
תﵽһ̶ȵ˲䣬һ֮˻𣬴ڷĴ˳춯أ֮ʱֶ߻һƬ
𣡣
ԽӾңǿգˣһɫ䣬޵Ŀ⣬˿־塣
Ǻһ𣬵ȴһпȥ
ȴкϴ־ܿĻ棬˿ԺڣȴǿĵһҪ˺һ㡣
Ƭ̺ȻʹǿնҪʱкһһ˶ͷ­ֱӴǿгͷ­̫з·޷ܣʱ߽⣬Ĺܼɢͬ˻ƶ
˶ͷ­һͷ
һϣԼɵƮҡϺɫƬɫһƬ˫Ŀ
һУһ˿֮һ۾ͻľȻ
Ϊģͷ֮ǵ棬Ƿɼ⣬ǳɷΣԶԶһ֮⣬һ֮ڣ
ͷ­нǧɴС˿ѷ󣬴һŤǿպ£Ҫȫ
ΪϷű֮һȡ½ģ׺ޣ۷֮һ
ӵпսʿ֮걻Ϸɱȡ꣬ǣɴ˱˱ΪޣϷҪԴޣ鿪ΪתͶ̥һȱڣ̧ǳһץ
ͷӺд޼ٳǧɡǧɡǧɡֱɡɺȻֱ֣ޣмСջһ֮Ѫɫޣ
˱޴ѹ֣ڿӵһɲǣҲ˫ͫľָоԼҲ޷һ֮
ǿĳ̶ȣȻ޷


1791 ·ε
ֳʱޣ̧ȻһӣȴǱӺХֱӳ򶴸ڣǱĹһȥɲǾͳ붴ţڡ
һ죬͵һǽɫĻģµɲǣ̱һǿ棬ʹǶڵģֱӾͱ˺һ޴ѷ졣
ѷ켫֪ͨδһۿȥһƬȴһѹǴڵѷȻѹ֮£ѷ켱
Ŀһٴλӣ˾£ϣ޼ͣڵھŴµһɲɴС붴ţ˺ȫ̳һ֮·
·ģͨֻ֮·
תͶ̥˶Կ⣬ʧ֮ΣмǣΪͿȥת̣֮޻ﴫУ˫ǰʮ֮͵
ɽ飬Ϸ֮ó˫ּȴǰ̳һƬ֮
һƬѩ׵磬һѩɽɽ֮ߣޱ޼ʣͨɫһȥͻһ
תͶ̥꣬ɽϷ½һ֮ɽɽ꣬ռɣ
ԱȻ겻ɢǰһӣöľ޴ɫѩɽ̺ȻɢֱŶȥȴһƬУ֮·ܣʱһƬ⣬ǱɫҲǰɫֱ޾
ֻ֮··֮ѩȫɣˣת֮
飬Ϸ֮ó̧һָüģüĶʱѿһ϶һƬâ˸УһѰƴСĽХ
˽½ǳ˾ǧŰپʮſǳΪô˽飬ɱ壬ȡ֮ͬ꣬ն
˽ףرܣ循ϷԴΪתͶ̥߻֮дﻤͣһ·ȫһ˦䣬ɷ֮Хֱţ죬һ·
·ΪѩɽΪأɷ֮޾Ϊ棬·ȴ⣬Ϊ˵ֿһпֵܳıʣΧļ˴˴תͶ̥Σգ
ħ飬Ϸ֮ó޵׼ֻ֮ǰЩϾһεתͶ̥½ϽУһصǶԿ
£ҧ⣬һľѪѪҺ죬ȴڳֵһɲǣ̻˺ɫɫѪҺ䶯䣬ɢĺ˲Ϣ޵ǰһƵӰ
ӰģȴħħǹħϢһؼ־һааһ𣬾Ϳɳħ
ħϷת£޾ȡʮ֮˵а۶Ȼ߱ǣԳ֮Ϊħ飡
Ϸĵһħƣչ֮ΪϷǿ֮һ
дڣԻӡʹתͶ̥֮˵ļڷӡвȱ٣ڱ㻯һɲǣָȫ䣡
ǿת屻ͬǴϸѻ꣬Ļ֪ǰݣ
һһεתͶ̥ǰһӣǺħӰֱţɲǼ䣬ڵһе·㣬ȫ
䶯ǿֲܿƽϢһƬ羵֮ò
ȡǿ֮ɫû˿仯Ϊͨ죬׼ģ˲Ϣͺͻָ̧𣬺ݺݵһȭͷɿһ˲̾һѪɫ̫Ư
̫Σ޵Ŀһɨ£ʱ֮ȴ̫̻ͨʵʣΪĴڣ
ԴԸܵס
֣Ϸȡ֮⾳ͨ޵չԴȫʩչε֮
ַʩչǵļУȴѰҵ㻯һ쵽
˵һתһΣǰȭͷСѪɫ̫ƮȻֶȥһץС
̫һɲǣһĸ̫ܵڣ̺һ޷⣬ȴûϢ֣
ǾôеѪɫ̫ĬƬ̺󣬱˫ۣε֮ڱĿɲǣʩչ
εԴͨǿ󣬴˿̽޵ķ޵չﵽĵز
һβƴɢˣģٻ÷ڵˣȫ˫ۣС
ʱţת۱һ㣬ֵüĽһģķģͬʱбĿ֮ˣüȫз֡
Щ໥ӳϵڣϵڶѰҵǡ
ǵһе̫ѿɢˡ
̫ɢһ˲˫ۣˣҲȫ۾ǵüģǷĲ֣ǼΪ
һ˵ĸоУ۾Ǳϣĸܵ˴˵Ĵڣָ֣оΪǿҲ١
תͶָ̥֮оֻҪ˴˾벻Զڤڤܡڣһһ̤֮·ϷתϣԼ֮ˣ׷׳Ĭ
س̾ǰ߳һ򶴸ţŮ˪ں棬Ҫȥȴһ˿߰ʹŲһ١
ܴԵƬ̣飬һ취תͶ̥ʱɡֵĻص
֣½غѣڶתһȭпܵĲᣬȴ͸
תһ羵īһڣʧӰ˪ɫĮؼһ飬޷а㶯ݱ仯ֻ̤˲䣬ȴǽŲһ٣ͷ˫һɨ
ϣԺ󣬲Ҫҡһ䣬ȴֺ⣬˪ʧڡ
Ĭ¶ɬ
ֿʶȻǧָ֪꣬ĳԼ˪Ĺ£˿̿Ŀɬ̧̾üһĨ֮üķаһЩƱȡһ֣Ķͷ
ȥɣܴ磬Ұ˪⳾ӡǣ͵ϣһתͶ̥󣬻Щϵǿ
ɬ˵ͷֱȭһݣ䱳ӰɪãŲ֪òüִֵţ˶ţֱʧ
ĸȥģˮˮߣ֣¶΢Ц
ʦܣ½㡣ҵҵŮչˡˮ˵ţ΢Цп˺һۣĿеĴȰŨ
˫ͨ죬ˮ£߳Ҫ˵Щʲôջҧ´ûпڡ
ˮ򶴸ţʧֹס£һһĺɫ磬ʧ˶ڡ


1792 ϦͶ̥
һ֮˵ȥÿһǰһݣ򶴸ţȥ׷Ѱǵ롣
ʮǰգһݣ̧ͷУ˫¶ᶨ
ʦʮˣûѣʮҲţԼʦ𴫵֮תͶ̥£Ҳʮն־Ϊᶨɼᶨпʹӡ䣬䱾ܴڡ
Ȿܣģֵʦͽ֮顣
ʮ֮󣬱˾ͽϣ˾ͽϵԸһѣ˿ЦУһ磬򶴸ţһƺлûһףֱֶȥץС
ⱲϲȾƣ±Ӳ֪Σƺ㣬ѰҺٸҾǡһҪͶ̥Ϊү̵ģһҪү˾ͽϵЦصһֱʧǶ⡣
ֻǲ֪ܷԸ½תͶ̥Ϊһүһ㣬޲ȷҲȷ
ϣԸɫЩŹ֣ܾãºпܣ˾ͽǸӡ
ȥģٻ÷ٻ÷Ц֣ûжĻֻһ䣬Ƕš
һ㡭ѰҲһֻУһδεĵȥ
ᣬľģȴǽԸı¶⣬ٻ÷ѡˣԹ޻ڣ
ǿУ⣬ֻʣ޶ˡ
ѾȥˣϷҪչͨԿʲôʱ׼ȥ޿֣ڡ
ĿһǶţȻ˵ǰܷٶһЩȥ½ת
޷ԭΪǧˣֻⲻʮˣҲ̫ġֻҪٴδ˲̫࣬ûйϵ΢΢һЦ
ǰٵʱ䣬ҪٴһЩˣȥͶ̥кһɲƽ
һЩˣ˼ܳܵѹ˷޷ߣ˴˳޲ֱӣһЩûгޣΪպĶƽͣڿɱɲɱ֮䣬޵Ļָı⡣
һȭתһǿգӰֱŤɢ֮ʱȻ˽֮ĴԵ
µֵ֮Լó˿ڣƾϤû˿ͣ٣ڰ󣬾ͨ󷨣̤˽̫ǳ
̫ѱҷӡߣεǨƾסɽ磬»񡢾죬պվǸһһѰȥͶ̥ɫĮ̤̫ǳһɲǣʶȻɢ˷
Ϊھ˶廨źȻﵽ˿۷壬ŴиǼԲ˿̵֣䷢ӳսһս
ΪʱߵԴͨ˵𣬸ͲǶ֣
ǿʶɨУ˫۾˸ǰһɲʧ
̫ǳһγɵǣǲϸУһƬ㣬Ҳ١
ػɳûа죬ȫǺҹΪ䲻ʹľΨдʯƯؼ䣬ʶĻ
״ϷɳҲȫƯڰգһƬڣȴһѷѷм䣬ϥһߣɫ԰ף˿˫ĿգϵˣȴѪʱ£ڵϣŴŵ
һƬƬ˿һϢߵɣɢУΪ˵
ߣǱˣǱ˵ľħ
걻ˣ磬񣬲дάʣɢŴǵָ硣һƬžһƬڣʱͻȻ͵˫ۣ˫Ŀͫ׼
ͬʱڵͻȻĿĹâǹâɣִصͬʱһ꣬ǹâ߳
һͷ׷ƮһĮģֵĳ֣Ǿħûаԥһֱӻһ磬ѷ죬ֱص׶ȥ
δ̧·أ͵һ˺һ˺֮£ǰ̺һ޴ѷƾճ֣·غȥɲ˵棬ǵĴضʱҵ˺ѷ죬Բϵɢ졣
Ǵ˺ٶ̫죬ת֮£־Ϳ˵ص۵ľħ
ħ𼸺ɢĸܵĴرһǿ˺ѣǸֵܵĿ⣬ĶԼĺ󱳡
֣ҪϾɱɣҸûޣһΣҷľڰ벽ħͷƤ飬ĸˣֵǿһγϣû뵽̶̵ʱڣ־Ȼǿˣ
Ҫ£ĳɱ㣬ֻȥͶ̥˵ţ̧·ǵĴأֻͬʱʩչ˺֮͵һ˺
ҪɱɱʲôϷͶ̥ħһһе˫ⲼȫͨдķͼֿȻĹɾ֮
غг˱ȴǵѷ죬ı죬ɲǣεǣʹм䱻ֳ׵˺£Ϊ룡
ĳһ˰ƶ֮ǿգŰ˷ɢ
Уħ⴫죬ͨȫ߽⣬зȫѪҧҪӣֵӰȴϢ䣬ǰֱ̧Ӱ˾ħüġ
ҵȷҪȥͶ̥ɱ㣡ֻƽǾħһµɲǣħԺһַӡ봢ռ䡣
ε˵ľħַ֮ǴݣٵӡֻϢʱ䣬˿̽к
ܸܵ˵ĵطڡ
֮أһΪŨǣԶԶһһˮǣûд½ֻһЩ죬ȫˮ
Ǻˮɫǽɫɫĺڷзһ˻һЩ֮ޣǺˮߣʱ¶һźӰȴӼ
ǺˮϥһƬڣϸȴǿԿһƬɭɭ׹ǡ
Щ׹ǣ֮ǣˣڰĺʱһ˻ˮķʽݡ
֣Σ˲ú˫ۣͫŤһƬѪ˿ˣΪ飬޷ָ۷壬ֻܲϵˣȡʱ䡣
ͺУ̧źˮһץǰһУһɳĺɫߣڲ˿о
һѿסߵͷǰһҧǺߴ磬͵һ֮У⺣ȫգ˲Ϣ䣬Ǻ߾ͱ˰׹ǣһԡ
ҪɣͻȻɫ䣬͵̧ͷϷ
ɫĺ֮ϣһƬŤ䣬һϮµ֣Ӱ߳Ŀ磬ֱӿ·ˮ
ĳ˵أȥͶ̥


1793 ߳
ɫ˫ͫУ¶˿־뺧Ȼ
ɱҷȡҷԵ֮ΪλҪϾɱұʿΪף˶ңձض˶㣡
񣬴Ӻ׺ȥ֮£ɫĺһ㣬ˣתγһ޴Укתֱͨ򺣵ڡ
˿̣죬ں£֮ȴĿԷ
ûһѡӶݣ֪ԼΪ̫ǰûκߵĻᡣ
ĳɱ㣬ֻͶֿ̥źڵ̧·ץȡ
һ޴ƻûХֱ·ǺˮȻһץ
ɫٱ任Ķֵף˷ȾҪ˽֣Ͷ̥֣ΪҪɱʶȻӡ
ȴôΪ
Ͷ̥δǾ޴ץɲǣ̼˻
½ֻصУȴǾ޴ƴ͸˺Уһץס
һ𣬿ɬзһõķԱ˫ֽۣץ𣬷ӡ봢ռڣںΪһ塣
ƽһкƴδ㣬תȥ
һ𣡡ǿУĿһңңԶʶУҵչڡ
ɱ˷䱾ˣ˺ûнڰ벽ԭ˿һ˶ϡ
£һպĴ󻼣ֲԸһ鶼µӵϣҪԼ
Ŀǿһɨʧ̫ǳڡ
̫ǳϲһƬ˲кʯһǣ󣬻ʯƯܣγ֮ء
𣬱ǳѾȥڵ˼ѾͷҲ֪ʱá
ڣ̤ڣ֣˼ļɵ
˿ϥһʯϣϵɣǿе壬ǳ仯˴ţһǧꡣ
ֱΪȫֱָ̤۷壬ֱ߳ǳ߳嶴ģûŵĻ
ʵϼţҲη壬ֻҪˣ֡
ֻǣͷõģʵȴǲпģһ죬ǳı仯ɣ˿ĲͬƬʯڣȴһεѹȻ١
ѹ٣ʱ˴˵صĲȣдʯȻĩԶԶһͬǳ⻷ɢ
͵˫ۣ¶ɬǰǿУһ޷ǵİӰƮȻ
һͷ׷ͬجΣһ
ˡĬŽ߽֣¶
֣㣬ҲҪնɱ㣬ȫʧܣұԣ̤ڰ벽㡭һΣɺã˵˿̣ȴǲòˡ
Уֱȭһݡ
ǰɵһʯϣվ𣬳ĬƬ̺󣬻ڡ
㲻ʺϴҪ뿪˵ȥ½Ѿкܶ˾תͶ̥ȥҲȥɣҲŻᰲġ
㡭ɫһ䣬ͷȴǻһ̾
Ҫ뿪Ϸô뿪̫ãôڽ̫ǳڣǻ֣֮δпܻбϷ㲻ߣĪǻȫžɣ
žУ԰ѽ̫ǳ壬еʿȫȥͶ̥ߣǱɱˣֻƽ̲صĺ壬ȴһ֮ˣ𺳡
û˵ֵĿ⣬Ϊ־
ˡ˷ˡͶ̥һʲôѡ񡭡Цз˵ֿ˫ۡ
ִһ˦ֱӾ봢ռ䣬תȥ
֫B壬̫ǳ֮һҲ˽ڽ֮ս岻󣬵ȴһΪ˵档
浱Ʋѡ˱ܣ
ڣΪһƬӵнǵ򣬵һ죬ڲ֫BǿУֻ߽
ĵÿһ¶к쾪춯أһƬˣֱ֫BȥɲǱ̤һϣ𶯵˲䣬ֳǴݵǰ֮ɽ塣
ɽϣһϥһӣ̤˲͵˫ۣ¶Ȼ־֮ɫ
ҪͻȻһһֻƾճİļϣӣİڵϣ޷
ĳȥͶ̥
һ仰ǰһڣһֲ˳żϵֳڣһƬ޷ֿķӡȫ
Ƭ̺߳˲֫B壬ĵ֪ȥͬˡ뿪˲֫Bǿ̧Ų֫BĴһӡ
ȴʮƬϢҶûתγһƬģ磬ֱ֫BǶȥӡǿգӡȫ壡
Ӵ֮󣬷ʿǿ֮֮ޣΪֹ̤ǿգִһ˦תԶ
һ·ȥ̫ǳڣǴ˵ܵ䣬ȫˣͶ̥ӡȫ塣
ּΪԵķʽǰΪ˱ƽͣľ֮£вĴܣߣ
֮ûеܵ䣬Ҳȫӡķӡ£̫ǳѳֵܣ˺꣬ǿнûаʿ̫ǳ֮ޣ޷뿪ǣ
Ϊǵ䣬ǵ⣬µӡ
̫ǳѲΪǡһЩǱڵĵط»̽Ѱʱ򡭡վڽԣͷǿգã̤󷨣뿪̫ǳȥ˽ڣȥ
ˣⶴ磬һ飬Ҫȥ
򣬽ɫŶĿ⣬Ǵ羵ϥĿԶǿգ֡
Ӱ߳һݡ
Ѿȫִ˼ˣǰʩȥͶ̥˵ţһ˦̱аǰûһɫĳ˲ʣȴ޷
Ͷ̥֮ҵκζԹǺΪֻ֮ƽ֮ǰһӣʱһɿХŰֱţ֮ڡ
ǰҲҪȥˣ½ֻͷһǿգ͵תһ磬ֱţ˲Ϣɢ
վӣɫأ붴ţ
֮󣬴źıպֱʱ󣬳׹رյһɲǣͻȻǿһĹ⼱ɲǽҪպϵĴڣʧˡ


ʮ ʮ


1794 һʦع
֮·ΪתͶ̥ĵ·ңң֪ͷڣ·ʺȥߣ˿վϣܵĺԶ
ϡ䣬ƿԿٻ÷ˣ·ϲϵǰУȥͶ̥
֣ҪػǲлƽҪǿ½Կ򣬾Ҫ뿪ǰУܻʧܻ޵ص
Σıһѹѹ£ֿܼ֣ܵסпܻ߳ȥ
ֻᣬϷְҲֻһѡϷδ˵дְ֮˶ԿӦǵһ˵ҲϷ̫м
߳ϷΪӣһصһ壡תͶ̥֮ˣϷΪչˡ㡭أֵ̾Ŀأһǰ㣬Ĵ䴫Լ²ػһػԼתһʱ䡣
֣ûп̫ܽ񾳣ֳΪʮ̫ܴĪ⣬Ϊѣȴô
½жÿһɶиԵĶ磬ȻҪ緱ͱҪ½ܲ࣬ȴ
Թõض飬Ҳ򿪹ţͼ߳
뿪֮·лԿŻһŻһ½Ķ㻹ܿһ߾߲кµĶ顣
Ҳ֪ǰн½ʲôӰ죬ϣܳΪһɹߣ
½֮أ޷̫õʱ䣬һʮꡭʮ㻹û߳Ӧ޻͸ɣУӰûǰ
Ŀ飬֣翴ֶ֮
У޷ӡǣ޷֪ƽΨһжǷģֻʱ䡭ʮ֣꣬ʮ󣬵뿪֮ʱҵķɢᱬ£ķ£ᶨģΨһԼãĸԴ
ʮڣҪ
ֳĬޣԷΪһУԶļ
ڣ뿪֮ǰңԸⲻԸ⣬ϷΪʦᣬֶУů
ʱ򣬻ԼΪӣǵԼɹ½գľģĶԴһ
ʦ𡭡ûκɲȥݳĶΣףһʦ𣬴˴ӽԺһһ޷ϵ
һʦ𣬴ΪػһĴۣ
һʦǱǻرΪԼһС
޹Цǿ֣˫ַֽϸĿּۣЦص
ͽΪʦ㣡˵ţ̧Ա·ıһӣǱڻγһȱڣĹ⴫Ĺ⣬һ֡
ҵͽʦ֮񣡡Ȼüģҧ⣬һѪѪɢâһѪѪܣֱǱȱڶȥ
Ϊʦ֮һһھѪһ·̣ʩԿ򣬻ƽֱѪţҪȱڵɲǣ̧һץ֮±Ĺɳ
Ĺڣȫִռڵ꣬˷⣬ȫڣ
룬޵ȵһдִռ֮飬̫ҲҪֵĺۼ
ЩӺܾãʦȥֻ˵һ룬ȻȺޣֵΪף˫¶֮ɫһеɳֱǱȱڣ뵽档
ƺ棬ж˵ΪĴڣǷһļ۶ȥͻȻıʣһ£ޣҲһ
ڵڣε򣬵Ⱥڣȴûа㲻ʣһ˾˵ı仯
ǵӣٵ֮¸ͷ죬Ĺ⼱˸һӣƺļ磡
ţȴǳ˾ޱ䣬ȴȺޣ֪ΪΣȴͬʱһ̷ʹ˻һ󲿷֣˻УȻ
һƬѪɢֱ仯ִһҪӪ֮ʱȴЩûбޣٴμͣ˲Ϣ䣬аֻͬɽһ㣬ܿ죬ͺʣޣڼ͡
ֵȫѪܣ˻ڶԿĳַںϣ
м˿̺ԥҪ֣ȴ޴һ˦ֹ֣ķɳԶһЩֵĿ⣬ͬ¶˼֮⣡
ĪҪֹȺ޺ǲ˫¶ľ⣬ȱޣΪء
Ӧޡ㿴ǵӣƺܾúܾ֮ǰǵһǴ˿ͬǻص˼磬򲢷ȴжĸӦʶìܣŻ
ͬӦ뿪ˮһٴλصˮпˮ㲻Ҫȥֹ˵һҪɱ䣡޶Ⱥޣ˫¶˼
˵֮ʱȺȻ˴룬ʣµģһ٣һֻޣÿһĴСΪˣǵڷͣǵɫʹ֮ʱ¶֮ɫ
˿ȴûһѡ˱ܣǵѵģܸܵһεĻᣬؼһνһɹǿ緵һ
ǻйļ䣬һδεУ
ֵһΪˣĴСԶԶһɣ뵱ڷɽڣֻ޴ޣһС
һɿµϢǴںȻ
ʱţ󣬾ֽУֻޣٴκһΣҲ޷ȴʧܣҲԸ
˵ͬһǧ꣡Ǳɲǣһ֮У˱㣬ֱĽ޶ȥ
ٽɲǣһ춯ص˻𣬴ǱзĴͬʱо˻֮
һ𣬾̺ޣҲƲ
ȴǱУһɶСȥһһ㣬Ǿ޴ĿһͷƤ飡
󣬾ֻɫޣÿһֻ൱ڷɽѷһ㣬ƯޣɢɷϢ˫¶â
½֮ʱһƬ֮أ˺񾳳֣ٵأܱ˺ǳȴڴ½֮£
˺٣ޣͬˮоͬʱ֮ޣ⡭޿ںӣĪǡǡ˫¶޷֮ɫ


1795 һ
ӿֻּʣʮֻޣԼһ֮£ѪУ̤ͷ
ʦתһȭһ˻죬ֱ
Ǿֻޣͬһңȥ
űȱ⣬Զȥ֣ã˫ۣǰһᣬ̱ȱڡ
һޣǲǴ˵ͬʱڷеľ֮һǣδ컯ҲԤơпƾԼͿԳΪ½ʮ̫
ĳΪʮҵһ棡ɫЩںһĻ𺳣˿Ժи˼
ã˳Žµ֮·Զȥ⣬ûһѪɫ̫̫âɣܣԿ
ģ֮·⣬Ѫɫ̫Ĺâڵڣͬʱһַ֮һս
½֮䣬һƬ޾ޣ̺Ƭޣޱ޼ʣֻ½еĶ⣬֮ӡ
ڵ콾ˣԲͬķʽ֪һУ˵߳ڶĴţ̤ƬС
ȴûһɹĽ½ȫƬڣһˡ
ͬģ½ҲвǿߣҲͼ̤Ƭ̺ޣҪͨŵĶ硣
գɹ֮˻Уȴٺ٣˵ʧҲͺٽ롣
һƬޱ޼ʵڣʱܿһ߾߲ḯõĲкֵƯĳ
纣ԿһƬ̺󡭡ϥϣһ޼ʵǰһƬžûжûйâûûκĺۼ
һƬţ
⼫˵ľзʱԽԽǿƲס궯Ǽᶨ֮ʱ䳤ˣҲƽ
ҪǣʧһʧˣԶҲȥĵ·ʹһŻҲֻ֮ţΪ֮ޣһ޷߳
ֵĿģǴĽ֮һһԼ·
ҲͰˣԽǰУԽǿһѹһ޴ڣ޷ǰеļѹ֮
Ҳѹǿ򣬵޴ڣַ򣬳ھԽǿ⣬һֶصԣǾʱ䡣
ʱԽѹͻԽ
Ѿϰ˹¶ϰһˣο飬ԼԼįѪƣѪ˿;мٷѹ⣬ָá
ʱţʼһ£ֺƽǰУżֵһ߾߲кܸܵЩкϣ̲صĲʡ
Щˣһĳһ֮ӣ˿̣ȴѾ˲֪ꡣ
ƽһ󣬾֣Ҳ˲ϰߣһʱ䣬ûп˵һ仰˫ں˺ڰǱĿһƬ޾ĺڡ
һУûаϢУٶĺХ㲻档
֪Լ߳˶Զֻ֪ԼķӦòѪѾɻǴţָŷ
ֲ֪ںδȴܴѪϸܵޣƬ޵ĳһ·ϣѣתͶֿ̥ʹִ˿̣ܷ򲢲ǿҡ
ָокůʱ̧ͷԼ߹ޣģƺԿĴţעԼĿԼԶԶ뿪
ϡ䣬ҲܿľüгɡĽӰɡµգ͸һ˵ĸӡ
ľüѾû˺ޡ
һ¡¡¡ǰꡣڣѾһʱ䣬ʱʵϱӦǣȴǲԼһʱţô͵ʧȥһִš
а롭һ֮һ죬ૡ
ɳƣһɣˣѪΪˣܸľֻޣȴһٶȼ
ڵڶĳһ죬ϵѪѾˣֻڤڤеָɴڣֻǶȴѾûá
ˣֵһĸܵѹѹȻʹȫһ𣬷·һɽײϡ
Դ£Ҳή޷õָȥ٣ʧ˶١
ҲǴ˵ޣµԭ֮һ
ǿʧȥҲɢһ졣
ڶ꣬꣬ꡭʱ䣬žУϢţܿ죬ͬ
꣬ġָ꣬ܣͬȹİꡣԽԽǿҵѹ£Ҫȥȴ
ڣһֹһ֮УֻȥһţʱţƺǴ˵ΨһȤ
ʱ䣬ûһŵ飬ģȫǲкʿģҲ޵ġ
ľֻޣܿں򣬵˿ȴҲЩܲסǲӿֶѹͬǿ̮ȫϣֶȻɫ԰ף弸Ҫﵽ˼ޡ
ֻޣҲ봢ռڣȥ˸ʹ࣬µȴûʲôʣɼ죬֣ǰС
ڵ굽֮ʱǹɼѹ֮ʹ֮Уֶ̧ȫʹϸ˿ƣڼ֣ռڵıףѾȡ
ڴռڣȻȫΨзԼԼȥŻָоġ
ףֻҪԼͲ˺ĽΪȫ⣬صıĽ
µޣʼձżٶǰУûԼҪԿѹ֮ҪǰУضΪѡ
ִڣ½ѵȥʱ˿̣½ϣһڵĴƬģƯؼľ޴ǳУŻʹڣһĻǴŻ۵ӣվߵĸ¥ϣҪա
УһĹ˸ĹڣһƬģȴԿһŮӵĻӰڳ˯
Ѿȥ˺ܾáߣΪһޣȻ˾ʵϺͿˣ
һػߣ⣬ǱʣԺҲǱʣ޵ҪⱻϼһˣǸʲôӡʲôݣΪޣҲҪ̸ʹ°ݼ
ǵŻݺݵסƣڵӣ̫ӾܽʵڵĻ꣬ȴ̲ƼΪ¡
ССĻ꣬Ϊιʦ˵Ϊ߳½Ҫ֮̧֣вĻ꣬
ҲգȻҪǱΪˣǵѰҶŮӣȫгԣһ֮꣡
ּǻһŤ䣬һֵӣӦ


1796 ǿ־
ֽ̺޵꣬һ꣬½һƬƽͣûսңŵ壬û̫Ħ
һ꣬ʮޣ콾֮ųĿ֮⣬һˣΪݷ⣡
һ꣬ͳʮ޸ɣɻһıչ߳½ƶ޾֮ڡ
һ꣬һЩԶʿȻϢתͶ̥֪˺δ
һ꣬ŵʮ֮Ҳûз̫飬ƽģȹһꡣ
½ÿһ޿൱ʮĶ磬䷶Χ֮Ѱʿһ֮߳޿
ɹ֮䣬һ谭ڴżǿɹ֮ޣΨЩͬٵϹַϢҲ̫룬һӣͳΪ˴˴Էߣһ֣
һ꣬ƽŶȥ
ʮޣԶľ֮һţޣ޵ĵΧС󣬿ģĿһͷţӡ
ʶţ
޽ΪƫԶɻʶڵڤ޾ңԶں֮ǰ󶼱֮Ϊ֮ޣΪ½һ𣬺ϳƶޣ
оʮţΪףĪ⣬һڣŵȵһʮһţ½嶫ޣʢɡ
ʮ⣬һЩСţʵ֮޷ʮһȻȽϣ˵ڣо֮һڡ
ţڣǴһڵΧ߲յ䵱괴ɣţ޵һƫƧĽ
һƬɽɽ䣬ɼһƬïܵɽ֣ԶԶһɽϿջĶΣ޺
Ƭɽڣһ·壬˷Ũþòɢ˷壬ߵɽšֻ궴رգյߵڣߵȻû䣬ڸûһ飬ơ
ҲǶ߳󣬳ֵĵط
ݷҲãɺҲãдӶ߳Ѫ֮ˣǴ֣Ϥİļ磬һȥˡ
ĳһ죬ⱻƵɽϣĿ⴩͸ŨŨԿڴĸ¥ɽ嶥һǵߵڵڵڣҲ߲չ֮
һ죬Ǳڸǵɽ嶥⣬ϢУһӰûһź۵꣬ܿᣬϣȴµĲɣ
ޣ
ǰбڵֵߵڴϥ¡
֣˵ĶѾתͶֻ̥Ͷ̥ʱ޷ƣ꣬ǧſɳ֡
ǰȫġ̾ŴƿԿǴУԿ߳֡
вʱ䣬ͽΪʦܰģѾˡڣҪԼˡ޻˫ۣüУһâ˸âֲָʧķ
½֮޲ڣɫ԰ף˫ڵ֮ϵתȫֿǴ˷ļѹ֮
Ȼǿ޷ݣ޻ǰУֶ貽ڴˣҲٶ˲٣⼷ѹʱ˻
˫ĿѪ˿ڵıԴ֮ѾȫݽߣûвήУ޷ٴʩչֿΨһֶΣֻʣ
Ѿһʱ䣬ûڿһ߲кˣȻܹ֮ˣʵǼΪ
ϵѪҲɢγɵüĺɫӡǣ˿ҲĿۼ
ʱ䣬˵ΪѣҪӣĽһÿһ죬Ҫܸʹࡣ
޻ڣ
һ¡¡¡תۣһ꣬ڰһ죬Ǽѹ̣֮ͬѹǲϵ洦Ѫ˫ȻģףԼҪܲסˡ
ЦУּѵ̧֣һǰеͷϣʼ飬ܿǴļ磬ҪָӦ
ֻǣϾȫӦֻڣ޷޵
ǿеĽ룬˿ȻƣںϸһδεĽɱУ
ҪһȥˡȻļ磬ôɡǧ꣬죬㡭߰ɡ
ȫһ𣬷˻˻žޣŰ˷˻͸һһβֵĻԸ뿪֣ҪȫҲҪָԶһ̣
¶΢Цܳ˾޴ʹ࣬ЦݣȴǺܿģҡͷУվӣ򵥵һ˵˿ҲǼѡ
һɲǣ˫¶Ѿɢܾõľ⣬ڴ죬ȴ֮ȫ汬ʹһ˲䣬ʱԶ뿪
ֱܾһڴͷӾ𣬱ӣȻֹͣǰеһɲǣһԾ𣬻һ磬ǰХȥ
ߣļ磬Ҫңǰдһ˦ֻ޷ɳֱȥ
һͣһ䣬ľ룬ɲԶĶߣһ˻˻ͬʧɢĺӣĺ
ֵģʹһ£ûлͷʩչȫǰļ۶ȥףԼһΣǾһȻˣαޡ
˽˫ͨ죬һǰȥԸ뿪֣ҲҪ˵ߡ
ֵٶ£Ƿͷϵһƣȴǻʮݽһδε¶ֹǰС
ʮ½ֹͣӣʹ֮ľ룬˲Ϣ䱻޵ƾ׷ѰҲҲҲˡ
Ǳ˻ڻص޾룬ǰڣǰУ߻޵ı˻عͷĿһۺ󷽣תҧǰжȥ
׷˺ܾãûҵ֣Ӳǿ񱩵ļѹУͣȴûз͵תǾֻޣź󷽼۷ȥҪȥںϸĴ˵ϢҪٶȽɷ״ֻ̬ſڣԸٶȣѰҵˣ
ʱ䣬ǵھ꣡
޷ֿҲѾһֵ꣬ӣѾƣ˼ޣųصĲȫȥӣ˫񣬵ȴһɾ˵־ڡ
־Ӻܾ֮ǰ;߱һ棡
ǧǰǺͯ˵ںǰѪ̨ףǧǸǿ֣


1797 İ׹
½ڣţߵڵĺɽ壬ƵĴ⣬ϥһȣꡣ
ֵԼʮ֮ڣѾȥ˰ʱ䡣ûȥʼȴüĵǵĺӡ˿Ѿȫɢ㲻ʣˡ
ӡɢȥֹ֮·ûָҲţֵ
ʧô¶̾У˫ۣ׼ٶһЩʱ䣬漣漣ϣã
½޲УͷɢıףǰһȥѾû˼Ѿû˿ƶǰеģĴڵһ־
־УԼ屣ӣ
üĵĺâڰǰʧܲǰ·ΨһģԼˣǰеķԴѰĳ·
ʮʱ䣬ڵУ˷ĳڣĬĬҧ֣˿̵ûǹ־ˡ
ʵϣǰǰǺâɢ֮ʱлԵ˿̣ҲѼϾĵΪҲʮУʣࡣ
ʱȻƬ޵ǰͻȻһ⣬â΢ȥɢâĺһʬк
ٽԽһߴ۵ߣ˫Ŀգûаϣɢİ׹⣬ȴڵУۡ
߲֪Ժδ˿̾ǰ׹УȴԿڣһۡ
ʱǰ׹ʬֵɲǣ˫ͻȻĿ֮â͵̧ͷǰȻһԼٶȣĳǰ׹⣬ٽ˲䣬̧һǰ׹ڣסʬؿڣֱӱһ
һУİ׹ʱУʧͬʱʬؿڵǹҲ˳ֵ֣뵽ڡ
ָһƬĸоͷһ壬󣬿ήıԴ˸յļ󣬾֮ҲָһЩ
ɿ֣ʧȥ˹âʬƮȥڣɫԺһЩ
ֲ֪ʲôǰҲĲк˼ȥĶ
ΪʹñԴָõֱָ֮仯ǲֲܳŶԣ£ȴУǰ
ʮʱ䣬Ҳֻʬ壡
˫ĿһתΪԿļѹĹײģƿԸܵĽĴڣǰһĬĬȥ
ٶȲ죬ȴû˿ͣ٣ûиı䷽ֱǰС
ʮѾȥ֪ͷʲôطӦûߴҧһԶٵʧ
죬һЩͲ߶ǰʶɢŰ˷Ѱҹâڡ
ֻɢ׹ʬкżȻѰңڲı䷽£ҵ
ֱһãȻѰǰУûʬ壬ڵΪҲ𽥵ĵ˼ޣ;ƿݡ
ֵգҲļΪݣ֮Ҳһϳ˫ĿԽԽ󣬼ûκιâͬˡ
ǰ·жԶ֪δ֪һɿµ˱ֵ־ֿµУҲ˲ۡ
ÿĹײʱобһɾģƶ
ֻǣʵĲпᣬȴµţºĥһ˿ǣˡ
ûκϢеȴ屣ĹײģǹײѾѷ죬ڱѾ߽⡣
һˣһ߹ײģڣĬĬƯֻԵһ˲䣬ļѹҲȻɢڡ
ı仯ֲ֪˿ͬˣҲûãڣŹײģı˷һλãƯȥˡ
ͬһ·һ߾ʬкƯڡ
һꡢꡢꡭ֪ȥ˶ãɱ˫ۣͬ
½ϣ޺ɽߵڣ޳̾վӣ֮ǰʱ䣬Ѿʮ꣡
ǲٵȥɴ˿̴Զؼ䴫һɺƵȴ޷ǹ춯أδٽغһɫ̫ջûǽɫ̫վһߴӰ
ͬʱһһ̫ûڵһĿ
ףԼҪ뿪ˡ
ͽ㡭Ϊ֮ûӦһѰҡް̾һ˦Ѫ죬һƬѪӰֱնȥ
ޣˡߵ⣬Ӵ֮ûеֵ֮ˣ˿̵֣ƯڣȻı˷򣬲֪Ư˺δΪڲкһ֡
ţֹȥ꣬ЩˣתͶ̥½Щˣãĵ·ϣǧ꣬ſת
ʱĲ࣬Ϊλ֮󣬼Ҳ
½ϣڣһسУһ꣬һСޡ⺢ͯǲͬѰʱͬˣܶʱϲԳү
ͯӣȭӣ׺ݵӣʹھӵ麦£ģӦүϷ
½Уĳһ꣬Ҳһͯ⺢ͯҲͬƣʮʱ򣬾Ѿ֮ڣƭӡ
ֻƭȻͲüȥ⺢ͯ뿪磬ƭ츳֪ȥ˺δ
£Уعȥ˺ܾá
ѻص˵һѡ˱չأǵŻһ˻İЦģҲͲȥ˼ʱҪѰ˻Ŀġ
ƺܶˣȥһֵ֣½磬ҲͬˡɻǻмˣÿÿڻУ޷ǡ
ľü½橣ڹһڽ죬Ϊһӵݷ⣬Ҳͬ֡
ͬûֵģе޵걻ֹ棬㷢һĴŸͬ飬зƵں̺Ϣ
ں£⼸ʮУһɱĴΣÿһɱ䣬ǿǷһÿһɱļѹ˵ͻϲ٣ֱڣ
ڣڵɱֵһ޵Ϣ壬һ㣬ǳ׵ĸı䣬һƬ˿
˿һƬģˮīϵӣ߳һ㣬߱ʵ壬ɷȴǴﵽ۷һ
η򣬶ӺȻɢŸͬɣںϳΪһ壬ޱ޼ʵŨƮȥҪȥѰ֣Ѱˣ


1798 δǿ
˲һеɱ䣬ðżΣȥͬ飬ĿģֻһǾҵ֣ҵˣ
䱯˻ڻصѾû壬еֻһƬģ֮죬ɲǾ޾Ѱ£ļͣȻͣУһУȫı
һʮݣʮֻ˿ޣʮ򣬷Ѱһ˻ͬںˣ
ĳһƬڣƯһʬ壬һ߹ײġʬ֣Ŀڹײϣƾ۶ֱۣҲ֡
ƯţѾȹ˼ʮꡣ
ģʬϣһƬİââͬյʬһؿڣ۶һ
ֱһ죬ʬײƯУԶһֻƴС˿һޣ޲ϵ˻ϵǰУʬײԶһܿ죬ͻȻһ͵תֱĿԶǾʬ塣
һ̲˼˻һɲǾ޷һٳɲǾٽʬԣϣʬݵ˻
һڣȴԳһеǧǱĺǾĺ
˻£ܵһ˿Хһֻһֻޣʮȫ֣һ𣬺Ȼֵ
˫ͨ죬˻£Ǿ޴Ŀεϣ·Ҫѳ˯ֽѣÿһΣûгɹ
εĳԣεʧܣӲ˻ɳƣ͸ıŬô꣬Ѱôãҵˣģȴһʬ塣
飬Ը򵥵޷ܣ͵̧ͷסǹײģһŰֱԶ۶ȥ
޲㣬˵Ϊ£ɱε˵ȴû˿ʣ˿̷ļ£ɲǾʹǹײ߹޾ľ롣
ɱУڣ̺ޣһЩģļ䣬ϡãƺһλãѡ
ֻһλãأҲҪѰҺþãҵ
֪ɳ˶ԶҲ֪ɳ˶ãڣ޵ǰѰ˺ܾúܾú󣬿ڣһлεĴ½
˵ǲһƬ½һƬ޴Ļƽ̨
ƽ̨򣬷ǴĳƷһ֣СԼɣԶԶһɢɫĹâǹâ˵ĸо֮ǰյʬ֮⣬һһ
ƽ̨ϣһȴһεĸĤֹһ̤ȥ
ָĤȫ۶Ī˵֣ޣҲƿĤڡ
Ψе桢Լǰǵľ֮ޣⷨĤڡ
ģļ䣬ƺ棬ĳһĻƽ̨ڵһҲԽһƽ̨ڣô˱ضѣ
ǻεƽ̨⣬޾ǹײģֱĤȥһ޴͸Ĥ룬ǹײģȴǱ赲⡣
ڵһ㶣תĤٴγԣһΣûгɹ
һ̽˻޴ĿһΣȡֵһͷٴγĤֻǣһ뵽棬һͷǱ赲⣬Ʈɢ
޷ˣ⻡ƽ̨ƽ̨ͺƬ̺˫¶Ǿ޴ĿСһֵϣСĵһ֮£ҪɿݵڣһѪ
Ѫڣ˿һ㱣ٴγƽ̨ĸĤһΣոսһ룬̷ʹ˻𣬷ǲ³ǵѪ޷ͨ
˻죬ͼ͸ǸĤȴһ㣬ʹֻܽһ룬ƾҲûа취
εĳԺ˫ͨ죬ȫȻСưȫľڰסǵѪſڣһе͵һ£ǵѪȻ³
ǸĤڣڣһ֮£Ѫ̼ٷɳȻ뵽ǸĤڲ
Ĥڲκ֮ڣֵѪһȥʱͺȻۿҪʧ˲䣬ӳӱѪʹ˻
ɲɢļ󣬺ܿС˴룬䱣£ǵѪ˲٣ɻһ˿⻡ƽ̨ĵϣ
ǵһβ֮ƽ̨ϣҪǣһѪֻ߳˯ʬ۳˰׹⡣
ҲΪһѪһ޵ǧһ컯һε컯Ծ죡
ƽ̨У̤ˣͲ࣬ʧƽ̨ڵλҲǹ̶ǲϵƯһ͸ѰҵõɱκֵģļӦѰ꣬Ҳҵõ
ѾΪѣߺУڼƽ̨⣬ֹһз֮룬͸֣ͬٴγΪԴﵽ
֮ǰһУԼҲҪѪҺڣüӲһ㣬ʵΪ컯
ЩһһѾ߳˯ʬ壬ұҪ߱ɢâſɣâʵҲһ֣ΨмһЩˣ󣬲ſԳİâ
֪
һȫɣѪǻεƽ̨ڣڵһɲǣѪ̱ƽ̨գƽ̨Ȼһһβɢ޲㣬ȴ޲ڣ˷һ׹⼱ٻûɿĳƽ̨ڡ
ģƽ̨˷ܵķɳػ֡
ԽӾңƽ̨Ȼ䶯Ե̧ͬһȭһ£һ޴Ŀտǣ
ǿտڣһƬѪѪһںնİâһ˸ϣգ۳ӰӰӣϡԿ֣
Ӱ۶ɲǣտ⣬˯˼ʮ֣˫ۣĸܵһڤڤдԼѪг֣Լ壬ڵĵ֮Ȼָ
ͬʱߵԴɲǴﵽ۷һ㡣
ģܸܵһԼ֮䣬˫۵˲Ϣֶߴľϲĺ
ɫ˷ܼǾ޴ʵһʯǣϡ䣬ƿڣһԼ
ǡʲôһʱ֮һƬã


1799 𺳣
ֿʵһʯǣ۸Ϳڴ֮ȴǿԸܵ棬һԼ
˵۾ֲַԼʯ⣬ʯڵĴϡ䣬ϥʯڲԸܵԼı
ĸоǰйȴԶԶûǿҡ
ǡ˫¶ãȻĦϲǵ˻
壬֮ҪС˺ܶ࣬˿̿ȥһƬģʱɢϣȴа
޵ı仯Ŀһ̧𣬰޵ϣޣû˿ʵʵĸо
ȴɫ¶ӣֻҪߣͻ㣬ܿġ
ֶ֮꣬Ȼͨģɲǣʶɢںһ
ܿ죬йޱԼǿߺһĻĻ䣬ֵԺڸֳⲻѻ꣬һִݣǰҲ˺Ϊ֮䣬ǧͨ
ģֿ޷еһδεɱ䣬䲻һеĽ˾Ÿͬ飬һֻΪѰԼ
޻ʮݣڣҵѾ˯ԼǸܵ˻󣬴ԼĽ񣬳
˺һĻĻȫˡ
ã̲˸жϲõޣⲻԿĦԼޣϣ˼¡
Ϊˡ
ĵļ£͵Ŀ⣬¶Ļ޸ϲã˻Уⶼһ㲨ƣһ˵ʱ򣬾ˡ
֮ңִδκϼޣΨһŲ䣡ǵֳΪˣǿʧɢټ޵һĻ޲ʾţޣΪָ
һøж֮ˣͬҲΪޣһУΪޣѲĳһ
޵壬ֵĿʵһʯϡ
޵ļڣ浮֮һʯǣʲôĿһ߳ٽʯǣ̧棬µһɲǣȴһɷ֮ʯȻɢ̵𣬲롣
ӲͬλΣǷ֮ɴڣУַ˲ٿڷ߳ͷָоԼ˵⽫һ컯
컯ʯڵ߲֪Ϊγֵķ˷Ȼʯɳһƿ˿߳߱һɼΪµ
Ϊ˷һе
ǿдϣʵڲֵҪģ֪Լ֮ԿԴǳ˯ѹ֮ڵһΪȫָΪʯڣԼķ
ƾ֮ϵƷĳɳԴ𽥽ǿ飬ǹ죬޷
ֳĬãڶʱӴʱҲһЩйطˮĹżã飬ƺˮơ
ˮУѨ֮㣬ôǲǿ԰ʯǿһѨڵ͵ǰһұͨĳɳҲ
飬ҵ걾Ϊ޻̸֮ȴơֳУȥʯǣ˽ƿ߷߳Ĵ㡣
ڣش󸻴󡭡ҰѷҪպкε컯ĿһֺԥתһΣֱ޶ȥ޻н󣬸һ֣֮ԼٶȣһʧС
Хǰ£ֻͷһ۷ڵķ¶Ĺâ޻̸֮ķˮָڴ߷ĳɳ˷֮ϵΪնϣһһһȫɳʯ߳ţش䣡
޵ķУֱĽڵıףŴ˵صĳڣۣ
˿̵޲ڣ֪½ϣѪ޴ǻƽ̨Ѫʯǵһɲǣ½˵Ǵ½ΪԾ춯أһĵξ䣡
һξ䣬½һ𺳣ǿ߷׷״ӱչ߳һɫȫ̧ͷ죬ʶХض
һ䣬½ľŴע⣬һκģ
һĻû˿ǣҲͬˣΪ½һɣ˲²⣡
浮س࣬нڵأΪһ࣡浮оɫ˫ĿΪһ
ǵʣܲΪѰʿ֪ɵ߱һΪǿһٵ֪һЩ
һ죬½УڵķڤڣͳɻʶǣŤһ޴УкХɨ˷ܲϵɢ
̫죬ԶԶʿķУ˲Ϣ䣬Ͱʮȫ֣ޱ޼ʵľ޴ڣһƬɫգ
Žɫâĳ֣عıӳճ˺ɫ潵ʱֵĽڵأ
ͬʱһģӰںȻۣӰһƬģȴ䴩һۣͷһ߹ڣվУվ֮䣬ƣ춯أ
ӰǿߣԺеһӡ󣬾һǲ֣
棡
꣬浱ɢ޺һΣ½ϣ֮Ӱ֣һĻ壬
֮УеĴȫ֣һݣ
ͬʱǹŹʮڣͬһ޴УгɺɫХɨԣ
ڣֱֲӣԵϢϵɢأʹùŹһȫĹڵء
ͬʱչصޣһλȫվ˰գǾ޴У¶޷֮ɫ
ڣûһӰ֣ǳһ˫۾һ˫ɫ۾俴ڣ죡
½һ̣Ʒһ㣬ӴĴ½ϣŸ̫ͬʱִ֣صͬʱɢơ
ˣܻ𺳣ȴǾ˵ɣӰ˫۳ֵɲǣŹ֮УȻ˵޴У
еĳ֣½һƬ޷ŵ뺧Ȼ
⡭ⲻܣýУôܻеУ
£ֵܳ⡭˵ʲô
ǲǱʾֵڣһ棬ͬĴڣ


1800 ½ˣ
޻̸֮ˮߣͬӵһȷﶼ棡
ֲŷˮǴͨʿɽĵأǳ˵ˮҲɴҲԼƿأ
˿̣ȴǿ÷ˮڹ½𺳵һĻ
ἪѨߣ˸֣Ѩߣֹߣ˴󸻴ͬͷѨߣɳ
ֵķ֮أ½ʱ桢浮֮أܲͬһƬʯ̨ʯ̨ȴеһ֣
һӵһ桢ͬڵΪȴԶԶһΪܴﵽļޣ
˿̻¶̫࣬ʱĶȹĳɳֵδ޷
Щ飬ֲȫֻ¶һЩķĲ²⣬ֻڴ²ȫţŵԼŬ֣Ƿ߳󣬺ǿһȭ
½ϣгֵһɲǣи֮ܵˣȫ𺳣ʲôΪʲôݣΪҲɫأǵС
зȶŤȴǹ⣬ûбǼٵš
ããޱ޼ʵУͬʱɢƴûгֹһʧ˵ĸӦڣӰ١
һжָ糣еĺȻȴһ޵
£һԤףģѹЩͷ
½ϣɢͬʱһسڣһʮСĺͯһү̬еСľʿüĴ£һȺͯ˸ɽţܿˡ
ߣᱻɣΪӡ
ԺҪүǺͯģصִŵ
ͬƬϣԶԶĵطһС꣬Ų֪ӺδŪĵۣһͯӣһسڵĴ˼У΢Цǰļ˻ڡ
Ϸǧ꣬ϻͯ辭ŴתɻָͨȼȴؽϷˣϷסһЩʱգҲԵǺͯɫ͸ɣϢ˶Ըܵõ꣬Ͳһӣһǧһ
Ŀе鶯ƿ͸ɲ˲š
ǲɣĸоʹڣ̺һɭɭ֮⡣
ǰǸϢйķˣ⺢ͯɫ糣ȴЦ˻һ㡣
ߺߣСүƭʦͨⷬ˵ԼΪģԼתͶ̥һСүҪת̵ģϱӶȻǸ춯صĴƭӣ
ǲһӣҲĹʬ˼¡صһЩѣҪٱת
½Ҳ˵޲ڣȫƣ壬ȫǣǰХǰС
伲У˵صɢ˲٣ϵģȻԳܣ˵ʧ˷򣬿ȴܸܳһ㣬ֲϵǰȥ
һ·޺˷ܣʱͷ֣ϲõ˻ϲߵĸоú·˸ĸһ
ֻǣʱţԽԽ޵ľͷļѹȴԽԽǿ
ʯڣڳɳвϵ䱾𣬵ʱһЩҪ⣬ҪĽܰ˺
ûĽ񣬴˿̵֣޵ĹϵȻӦ
ƣɻˣҲԿ޲Ŀ¡
ѹֹδ˿ûѪ߳޲㡭Ҵ͵ڷѪֳĬ
Ѿʱţ֪Ѿ˶ãףʮ꣬һǹˡ
ʦ޷ڵȥˣ뿪ص˵һ½һоҪԼˡĿ˸ܿ¶ᶨ
Ҳ޷ҵһ˴ȸ뿪飬ִ죬˺ƺ̫ǳ񼴱ȥİ½Ҳûйϵ
֮½ҪΪߡǶڣұضҪȥһΣл붫ٳء뵽ڶٳأֿ˵ǼΪ
廨ڵһĻʵӵбԴһսһս
½ϻһЩѡ֪ЩתͶ̥֮ˣǷ˳ɹǺǣ֪˾ͽûеү֪ǲǻƭȥħͷ֪½ֻʲô컯
ˮٻ÷޵ļįУ飬м飬¶
һꡢꡢꡭ
ʱ䣬ֵ׷ţ޵ٶ˺ܶ࣬˿̣ȴǰִ뵽޵ľͷڣѾܽܽ
ڣ޵ȵĵطƾģؼӦ֮ءͨţޣĵطڹŹʮҲпܡ
УȫΪĽϣı£ĽܰȫǱڣͬ˯һ
һ죬ֵǰУһƬ⣬âŨԿһϸѷ죬ǹǴѷɢֵĿԿһƬɽʹء
½еϢԴһЩƣӣһ
ͬƣҪֳѷ죬ջӻɢˮīѳ͡
ʹޣһ̧֮һץʹ޻һͼˮīӡֱֵϡ
Ҵ򿪴ռ䣬֮ǰһδʱֲ˴ռĲȣҪһ㣬֪˿̴򿪣Ƿɴռıǽ½󣬴ռǷ񻹻ڡ
Щδ֪飬һȥ
ռڣһЩҩ⣬зŮӣȻ߱Ѫǳ⣬޲Ҳûйϵһȥ½˻
ޣֱĽԭصϢ˰죬͵˫ۣԶֵѷ죬һ̵ƻص˵ȸǵս̻һ㣬һб˴˿ڵȫ֮һ磬ֱѷȥ
ٶȼ죬ХٽΪĽ˺ٶ⼸ȫΪֻƾᴳ
ԽԽ
ɡʮɡʮɡʮɡֱһɣ
ֵȼһҵĴʹ˫ۣȴ¶Ĺâ
½֣ˣ


1801 йŹ֡⡢б
ţޣ½֮һشƫƧɽڶ࣬һƬտȥţ޵Ĵأ󶼱ɽ
ںʱţһͷնɱɷдţ½ʮޣʵÿһ޶һӴ󷨣ѹʮͷɷ
ڹŹʮҲͬƵĴ˵ֻ٣̫ԶѾ֪ΨоݣɹеĻ壬֪
ʿ˵ѹ޹ҪҲܵǲ֪ٵɷĴڡ
ţ޵ĴţԹ˵֮ɽڶ࣬ʵÿһɽɷĹͷ
ţޣʢţһš
ɼΪӴռţޣ˶޾ʮ֮µڶ࣬ţ̫󣬼൱ʮһ㣬һҲѱ˴ĦУȴࡣ
ǴţΪ죬޹廨Ų˵Ҫģǻã
ɺΣǴŵĵӣػ֮ǿԿŵֶΡŴŵĻ£Իأմﵽĳ̶ȣΪ¡
ڹһڣ֮ص׶֮պա
ڹһ£ɢССɣɢţޣһŲٿأ糯һ㣬ÿһʱ䶼ҪͳƹƷ֮
߲ߵڣ֮һֻŵĵӽ˫޵£ʶţڣܵ˴ŵıӻҲʾˣſصԭڡ
ֻ⼸ʮһ죬ðһĵݷ⣬˴űչغܾã֮ΪսźĵˣȫȡʤŵѰ϶ǴӶ֡
һݷΪţһУһ˵ݣ
˰붫ԭڵĴ콾У
ݷȴǫ飬붫Ĵ콾Աʱҡͷ̾磬ǶνĴ콾
ʱ䳤ˣʮǰһιһŵıУݷһɨ˴ŵӾˣˡ
ǸʱٴԶĴ콾ʱ˵һ䣬ţ֮ޣ𾪵Ļ
һ˺ܶˣĴ콾Ҳһսʤ˵δȴ벽
ؼ䣬ȴһֻ޵ǧʿվǰҡҳ
Ī˵ңĴ콾ǰҲƽҿأһʿУĶ֣
仰һʯǧˣһƬȻ仰֮ˣ޲𺳣ﲻϵظֳͬ˼
ˣ˭
˭ݷ˵˻ǰȻҳ
ֻǧ꣬һ㣬һ棬ôνĶĴ콾ĵȷȷǸǰƽΣ
仰ȻͬʱҲɣһɵĻȴûһԴţƺŵĵӣ֪һ㣡
ֹı仯ٴΪһεĻȻ̧˼ߵĳ̶ȣŵĳĬΪʿƿֲ²⣡
ˣ˭
ݷⲻҳĴ콾ƽΣôû˿ķͬĬؼ䣬ĵȷȷôһ˴ڣһڣԼĵ˵ĻҲȻûаͬҲ֪ôһˣ
ˣ˭
ֵģ֮ǻ֪ģйصݷ˵һ仰
¾ܹȥ꣬й˴ţȴţûɢǿڿഫܱ֮ԽӾ
ֻǣһûд𰸵⣬֪𰸵ˣ˭û˵
ʱٳһЩ⴫ҲĲټң֮˵Уһ죬ǿ֪ˣ˭
ڣţڣһеȲεţɽŷΧС򣬶ڶʿ˵˵ǲɵǵˣҲȻ½ȴǷ
½ųŵͳδ֪ÿһɶΪͬһ㣬ȷ£˵йأʵڵ޹ȴû˿
ڵĵӣóؿ֮ԴΪչֶͨΡŵӶҪԼƳܺ󣬷ߣڿҲֵȼԲͬҲͬ
õģһЩľͷ⣬оһЩ޻ʿ壬Ҳɿܡ
ʿ󶼻һЩڵĻؿȴ棬תԱﵽŲĿġ
˵Ϊﵽ˿սٳڵĵһˣ̫ϳ϶࣬һľͷˣƽʱ糣죬һʩչͨͿĿľͷ塣
ţޣ⣬µͬڳϣԸֶָΣ֮ɱ˶ᱦǲڻ¡
ֻ̫ϳ϶࣬кĹϵʶţڣŰɸǡ
ɱ֮ɣҲѡǲǵģͻܿҪĿ꣬ҲһǷϣʿ·ţõֶ
һʱ䣬ڵĵӺܶ඼εѰϢرţһ˳µĵˣټͬȺϡ
ʣǲڵһӣԽƻ̣ܸߣſأҴ۹⼫Ϊһ۾ͿԿԷǷ֣һЩ鷳
ò湫ӣ֮ʱӣһЩӣҲ󶼲ԸǴˡ
һգ⿵շУ˫Ŀţ׼ȥţޱ߽磬ܷ٣УͻȻԶգ̳䣡
ƬգͻȻѿһ϶һƬĹ˸˲䣬һӰֱӷɳӰƻһײģɲǾֱԶ׹ȥ
һж˲Ϣ䷢Ӱɳͬʱյѷɢƴδֹһ
ͻıʣÿһ㶣۾飬δûһ֮ǰѷĵطֳֻþͷ
ܿ죬˷˫ð⣬һֱǱŹײĵӰ׹֮ؼٷȥ
йŹ֣⣬бǶഴ˴֮µŹУһ仰֮
˶꣬仰ѾÿһڵǣΪԣ
йŹֵĶض⣬ڣΪбչȫٶȣǽмһ缱ٶȥܿ죬ǰһƵĺ
ȴԶɽУǱŹײĵӰһͷײϣɽ屳һײ֮Ȼ˴룬ʯУ¶ڣһİ׷꣡
ǿ˫¶̰СĵĽӽš


1802 ɷظ
˼ȦĹ۲Ƭ̺߽Ǳһɽ壬ּʮ⡣
֣˫Ŀ˷̰
ǿ˹Ź֮⣬Ϊ˵ӣüǵ㣬ӦòƵĹҲûйеϢӦòǹŹ֮ޣ
ΪʿȻôǿ֪ô޳ɵģ촽ԼĻˣһ콵컯
û뵽ԼѰշУһԼǰ
ȫڰ״̬ÿԱƿܣֿܣڲڱضԺɨˣܱ濴Ϊӣһɳ죡뵽˷ܴɫʱ
ܼɻûǽּʮֹͣǰУһӶٻͬŵͷϾԼ޷̣ϱɣҲǴһ
̧֮һѷһɢѷֱӷɳһīɫ򣬴ֺ󣬶ʱһɿ񱩵Ϣɢ
ö򣬿ʲ˼ֱǰһ׶ȥһƬĹֱ֣ɲؿڣһУضɽҡ䣬һɿֲĳ
Уǿ˳ɣ˫˷֮ɫԽŨ
ûзӣ裡ʳЦץʱһֱǰɲǾߡ
ı󣬿ɻ޷ɰ˺ʵֻо򣬾ʮٸҲ޷ֵ塣
ŵıף䱣ȻϢΪһ壬Ī˵ǿ޷˺ֿǼٵʿҲһ㡣
ٽߣ⿵ʺȻ˫ĿһֱĶıףǳ˯ŮӣŮӾܲǾǳ˯ӣȴ⿵ʣ˫¶а
ûпϸԭﻹиŮޣúúãŮҲɿܣӴ֮רźҿʣҲһ촽˫Ͽһָʱٴγһѷ죬һŴѷ˸ֱ䱳Ĺײϣ⡣
⿵ʴһ˦һƬڷΪõ컯ֱԶȥ
һ׬ˣǲۣҪһ컯˷мٷУЩ涺˿ΨһͷǾصţȥܣ
ڵɽţһƬɽм޴ɽڣڸǰѸɽȫͿգʯΪ˶
಻ϵɽ壬һۿȥۿ߽磬˽ڵӣֻƽʱ߱չأÿڻ⣬ٻ˴̫ࡣ
ʻ磬ХٽɽţǶ˵˾綾ȴбܿȻб֮ܶ
붾Σܿڿǰһ޴ɽ֣ɽڸ¥ɼ
ʸҪɽȣͻȻһͺȴɽֱӴ
˴ȣţϢԸ
ƣʲô˼˫ۺһͣɽ⣬ڡ
Ŷԭǿʦܣ̫ûʦܲѲ̽ȥôôôͻÿ׽ģʲô죬ﴫУɽ߳һձꡣ
꼫ΪӢֻձӣɢò˵ĸоЭĴС
̫ܵˣУһΣֱɽȶȥɲʧӰձĿ¶֮ɫſȥķЦ
⣬йŹ֣бУһΣһ߿ڴֵɽȷȥ
˵ǿʣɽһߣֱԶͿյɽ壬˲Ϣٽ뵽һУһȥһӡ
֮ŻرգһƷӡʹôűļΪ̣ǲģּ䣬ȴŸͲȵĿܣûػ˴Ŵ
ͬʱⶴлڵľͷˣڿʽһ˲ľͷ˱̳˫Ŀڣ¶Ĺ⡣
ʿһۣľͷм伱߹˶˵ضһȭͷСҹ飬ɢ͵ĹâⶴֻâŨʶʹô˵ԵЩ
ϣһԼʮɴС󷨣ҹĹâУɢɫϢϢ£ʹôΪ졣
ԣһӣʱ˵ص֣ڡ
˷ܵĴ˴֣ϥһԣűƵڣ˫ð⡣
ҪɹƺҴ˿ܻ˵˼̧һ̱֮һݷݲƿܵĲϷɳֱ󷨶ȥ
ͬʱ͵İϣ̺ת󷨶һɵػǿдӵصնֱӳڣʹʱһ
˳ڿϣ̾ͷڳˮ
ÿһƿܣҪػϣػ¶̫ߣЩӵлԴĴܣػް
֪£ҲܳΪܡ¶㽣ӿ˵ػĳȡˣʼ˼
ϵذһڣɫΪܡ
˭䵽ҵУҪΪҿʵĿܣˣһҪˣ
󷨿ͬʱⶴ⣬ɽһɽ嶥һУձ깧վǰһ׷ߡ
ɫϺڣ׷ģԵüΪۡһɵڵΪɢ
С£Ϸչأǿ˵˽Թ˵ͻȻĿһ̧ͷĿƿɴ͸֮
ܵƿܵתĺ
ʦ𣬴˴صǿܣйŹ֣ǿʺ˲ִ֮ʱСʶ¶⣡
ǿܺпǸʦ͸ӡձ̹ڡ
һֱԶã˫ͫһվӡ
ձ¶ϲɫ
ȡ˶ĵػ𣬵ȷЩ⡭ˣȥһˣʲôܣߴһ˦߳ձ˷ܣæ
˵ǿʣ˿ȫˮʪɫȴǸΪܣҲϥߣϵشӡϵֲϡ
˫۵ļԽԽ
һҿóȫĲϣһɣʻȻһУٶȸ졣
ڣ֣ȫػƣȼһ㣬ǻ⣬ȴûжɰ˺˷һ㣬ϵС
ʱֵ˫ۣͻȻ
˫Ŀɲǣֱˮīͼڣͬ˫ۣĿڣ͸һƬµݡ


1803 ػ䣡
½һ˫ۣڴ˵أ߳۷ĵһοĿ
һΣԼۣȥ½ͬһΣУϢ
ѵĵһʱ䣬̲鿴ףްŷߵĵػ
ػܷ֣ҷգ
ⱻĵػ˵ʵ΢ӵлԴڣػ𲻵ûж˺Χӿֵѣػ½֮ʹִӶĻ֮ԴػںУ˾˵ɱ䣡
ɱ䣬һֹδ½飬Ļ棬½ͻĻԴ֮䣬һս
ⳡս½ĻԴʤڵĻԴ̣ͬΪ½һֵ֣Ϊ䣬ɻӵл֮Դȴ޷Ϊ֮ˣΪˣ½
ʤĻ֮ԴͿ½֮ϣΪĻе
˫ĿϷƵܸܵһСʿԼתȦϵ׳һδƷЩƷ˻ȼգͬʱ󷨵ת
һɹڴҪԼڣһϵеĸһ
ֵǣ֮ǰڻԣ֪ʲô飬˿һ˼²˴š
ʱѰҴ󷨵ӣӦйءҪɿܣкһ
ڶ磬˸ɿܵľٶˣҲȻңɵ
ֲδ»ȥоʱָȤģĵػ
Ͳ滹˷ܵߣûвѣһֱڼĿʣʶɢһ˿صף˳ǵػٵķֱȥ
ҪػӺδ½ĵػԼĻԴΣ
ʶɢУ˫¶֮âܷԲڵɽ£ȫһƬػ
ƬɽڣȻһػķ֧֧ƺܴ󣬵ʵȴǺϸӣصף֪ͨδ
ʶٴɢ֮£𾪵ķ֣Ƭ·ػиӣȻ࣡Խ£ǵػ¶ȾԽߡ
˵ػһӴĻ󡭡ջʶոѣûܻ˿̲ǿ̽顣
˵룬һЩػҵĻԴǿԵġֳУ󷨵һġ
һ֮£ںȻһȴΧɽµĵػƱ̼һĴ˷ٺХӿ⿵ʵĶڡ
ͻı仯ߴӡǵĿһ㶣ˣ˫£ǰľž߿ľͷȫٻǰֿͻȻĻ档
⿵˺ɲǣں£϶γһ޴ĻӣֱӾͽգڸһߣȼ
ⶴԳܲסһѷֱǳ֣Ҫǿǰľž߿ܱǻһ壬̱
ľͷˣҲͬû˿ֿ֮
ǿͷƤ飬¶Ȼľۿǻ³ͬһ֮Ҫɵ˲䣬ȻһĹǻڷɳֱ˿ϣȫƣʹ˴߳ʱûж˺
ˣԵһĻȴŵĿֱ̯űĶı־
ҡҴһʲôˡ
ػ𱬷ͬʱʵĶ⣬ʦ٣ڽӽɲǣǰ׷ͻȻɫ䣬Ӽˣһץӣһ˳ɡ
ȥ˲䣬ȴ⿵ڶĴУȻһ˴ںХɨܡ
ɽȵĸ¥һɲֱɢһƬ𺣣
ܵɽ壬ػӿУģҪһ㣡ͻȻıʣڵĵӣһɫ䣬׷׼ӶڳһڰգȻȥ
ôʱ򣬳˵ػ춯ʦɫڰն·𺣣ǻڿڵĶ
ͬʱǿϢڴˣʦߡ
ˣһŮһһŮ׷Բԣһ꣬϶еϢɢ
ΪףӣǴﵽ˿ڵĵزһ֣췢һͺȡ
ڵػһ䣬һǰĪҪңٲˮ󣡡仰䣬鷽Բ
Ŵ˻Ĳڵӣһ𶯣ʶϥգ˫Уȫ˿ٶȣóһ
֣ԶԶһȻһƬﷶΧӴƲ㣬ڣƮڰգ˲ڴ˿̴ڵӡ
ͬʱʦڵϣӷԸֱȥһһŮɲǳУһ˻ص䣬˲֪ʩչʲôͨȻƲڣ
ԼɳƲڣƬ̺¶޴ͷŵɽȼյĻſڣʱغ䣬ˮͷ˴ˮͬţѹ´ء
ϣǵһߣﵽ׷ʲô飡ˮ£ػԿ֮ʱɫԵǰ׷ߡ
ػһ䣬±ӦǧųΪԣһǰԵʣĿӰ׷ƿձһۡ
һ֮£һվӡ
Գϣػ䣬пӿйأ˲֪Ӻδʬ壬䣬ƿʱ׷ŵڣһָȼյɽпʵĶ
ʣüͷһ壬Щ벻֡
ȥ˴ţѾӦҲڸϻص·ϣȻп⿵ʴصʬŪ鷳Ϸȥʬ壬ʲô£ػ䣡˫ɱһһεػ𱬷û˿׼ûʲôȴǻٵ˲ٵĽǰɲԼɴ֮
ִۣʵ̫
УһΣȫ̸ֳһƬˮˮγһݣȫڣг·ˮĻ𺣴أֱȼյɽ念ʵĶȥ
ǶĴͱûκ赲ٶȻ˲ϢǶУƺܿ죬ʵȴưԽϾȥЩ졣
ֻҲδ̫ϣԼΪ԰
ڽǶ˲䣬һ۾ͿһŲڵ۵꣬ɫͣӲ˫¶־֮ɫŶǳĻ


1804 һս
˳Ŀ⣬̿ȥڿǶϻȼͬɲǣ˫ͫһ
ϾѾӵ˱ԴΪ˿ڵĵܣڲڸһ֮֮ϣǷţޣҲǰéǿߡ
ڿǻһɲƿڣһϥȫûӰӰ󻹱һײģһ𶯵Ϣֵɢ
ʲôʬ壡ɫݺݵĵһԱǴͿ־Ŀʣǻһȥ
ԳΪҴϥ֮Ҳδ̫ܵǿϢʶ˿Уֱȥ
ǻ汾ͲԶ˿һ֮£ٽΧǰݸǻϣžž̻֮ǻʱڱܿƸӴһ϶㡣
ηҰޣһҲڣɿܣţʿЦһ̤ڣĽ룬ǻϺȴ޷ƿݡ
һɲǣϥбŵ˫ͻȻâĿȻһĿ˲䣬ɫ䣬ܵһֲϢϥ׷֮˫ĿͻȻ
Ϣ֮ǿ춯أȣԼͬөһ£ҪȼȻУӽŲһ١
ȥֵĿУĻ̧ǰһӣ⻰һⶴɲǽ뵽˺һ㣬Ƕ⣬һ仰Ļ̺ХǽˮҪǵĻ𺣸Ϊ֮һз·ҪϨ
ӸܸΪǿңȫֱһƬ䣬ֻּ䣬ɲǳ֮ȻƬʹɫ԰ףһѪ¶־޷š
ӲԼƣʮɽһ仰һּײӵŵŵ˺ٴѪУߵķݣֱӾͱɨ˶
ڶʿĿ֮£Ӽ׳˵Ѫһǧ⣬ǿͣɫһƬҰףеĿ־壬޷ݡ
˭̷
ͻȻһĻвʿȻڵΪ֮һƵʦǰ׷ߣ˫ۣ¶޷֮ɫ
˭ǶڣȻΪԳ϶˲Ϣ˺󣡡
룡⻩ȻУʵĶڣĮ
һɲǰǴ콵µˮƶֹͣڰգ޷¡
һĻˮĳ棬׷ɫ¶Ȼ
ﲻ⡭Ϊ˿̶߳ȵı֣ˡ˵˭
ǿʵ״һʲô˻ΪţҲǺպ֮
ڣѾ˼㣬ۿڵλߵԳڻǰһ仰ѪȻˣһĻǷŵػ𱬷ĳ棬֪Լ˴
⡭ʲô컯һڰ
ڵ֣ٴα˫ۣʶ֮ǰڵػ𱬷ʱѾɢɨܣûһ˿ӡ
Ҳף½ǿڶ࣬ĻҲҲڸϻ·ϡ
ɾǵܣҲѶʱأ½п붴粻ͬһ㣬֮ǰʱ
˿̵ػ⣬ϵڱգĻԴһ̧ŻһץǶڱ޷ӳĿʣ̾ͻһڣץ˲ϡ
Ŀ⣬ǿʡ
ʵ˫ĿһӴʱк䣬ͬʮ׺ûа㷴֮һ־壬ӲֵĿ˾
ǰǰ
û῵ʵĻʶɢֱ˳ֳ񣬺ɨ䣬ҵҪƬκһӾͰ⿵ӳ˻⣬½
ڵսٳڵ࡭üͷһ壬ǿսٳڣȴЩѰ졣
ռ䲻򿪣пܳ⣬һ޷ȡ˾֮Ҳ޷֡һԿһսʿЩ
Уػıֵڣ֮䱾Դʹ汾ԴԽǿ
ˣ뿪Ѱһоһ´ռ⣬ıԴҲһЩ仯벻ͬϤһ¡Ŀһ˾ϣո½ûȫϤԸ񣬲Ը̫š
˿̴⣬˫һӣ̴ٴξҵĵػֻּӵصȻȫ֣һЩɢȥ
һĻУӣΪ̶ֳȣȻͣ˿һ۾Ϳߡ
ҪӣһŵһĻ־壬־ȴһ󣬱ĲȻŭ
һŭľͷˣ飬Ӿ棬ĳη塣
֮ǰߣһߣŭ޷ܣ뵽ҧ֮£̵ͺ
죬εãоҪӣߣһŭ֪вڵӣȥˮȫʩչУѹֱӳ֮ǰ׷ɫ仯ҧ
ͬʱƲŤһһŮˣĿ£ʱȫΪֱ·Ƕ
ڴ˵Ĵϣĸܣ֣Ҫֹȥ
ʿӵ£һˮ˫У૵˵֮ںһγһؼص
ǴͨŹϵͨΪ֮
ϸ΢˴˿˵ֱֻ֣ǵ꣡
ꡭꡭ
·أǶڣֵĶУ𶯣һڣڻĵڷꡣ
ָо̸ֳ꣬˫Ŀһһ߳һµɲǣѧԹ֮ĹڣĶȻ
ֱɢԽԽУֱһƬͬ䣬洫ĵֱӶԿ
ͬʱĴ붴׼˵أֹȥ˲䣬̧Ŵһץɫ¶׺ݡ
飬ػ֮꣡


1805 
ૻأȼյĲںХһƬγ˹񣬲̶ȴһħֻҪ룬Ӱĵ⾳ӵӰ䱾Դ
ѵһʩչǴŵȺ֮±ڵʹóȻҪԴ֣޷ȥ
ͨڶҲȴûҪ֪ΪȻ뼸ٵʿһսɻǻᱻӰ죬ɴ˿ɼһߡ
ָԵĹڵĶȴ֮ͬʹؼǵ֮⣬ȥԽӽ֮£ǣ˵֮࣬һͬ
Դ˶Կƽɫ
־ǴӶ߳ΪǷ½Ҳߣ˿߳ǶĴ룬Ŵһץ˲䡣
ڵĴضʱĻڵصӿߣǶڵб䣬֮ǰҪҡ
һץȡڶѧģɽ꣬ǻһͨһγȡģػ֮꣡
ţޣӵһ޴ĵػ֧࣬۸£ٲȻͬһ޴󷨣֪Ϊӡڡ
ֵΪ޷ػ֮꣬ɽµĵػ֧֮ȴһץ֮£
ǺУǻΧı£Χʿɫ䣬ոճ붴Ĵɫ¶ֵһ˲ۿȫƵ£·кȻһͷ­һɽ֮ⶴ޷ɵľ޴ͷ
һ֮ͷ裬ڸոðһɲǣغ䣬ⶴڵɽ壬Ȼ
һεıʯ裬ûɳԶ̾ͱȼջһƬɻңתУʿĿ£ڶɽ壬ɢ
֮ڶ߻һɽ壬ȴʧǵУ
ɽʧһԼɴСͷ­ɽһĻӵصֱǻȼգûʵ壬ɻɣ͸һŲɣϢ
ʲôǵػ֧Ļ꣡
ͷ֮ϣվһӣһͷ׷Ʈ˫Ŀǳһ㣬һײģվͬվۣ֮
ϣһµϢһΨҶİԵǻâɣʹô˼޷ֱȥ
ʿĵૣһɲȫͣһĲһĿ־壬һ˲䣬ʿС
һ̣ǻ֮ϵˣǾһ㣬ʹǰģµΨĲ뺧Ȼ
ˣƣĻ޷Կ
Ĵϴ˿ӵɽĳػ֧ĺƵʹ޷ֵ֮òˣ
ǵΪܲ˿̣ǵػ֧ǰȴСһ
⣬֣
ڶ磬ۣ֮½ܸոսϵƣȴˣ
һ˵ʵ϶Ϣ䷢վڵػϣһǻ̧ͷ췢һ
𣡣
춯أʿһѪ뵹ˣ赲ɢ˵·
ǻһԾɵӻûֱ֣նȥ
ȥ·ϣܿͿԻֻҪǣһʱ̾Ϳɣɫ԰ףɳƵ˻һֱֶȥ
ˣǰ׷ߣ׷ҧ֮²һеĳǾܺȻȴ־ıŭһŭǼǿΪҲ޷ܵˡ
Ǵ˿̲ڼ٣ŭǿõ
ٴγĵ磬ֱֶȥƴ赲ȥ֮·
ɫƽٵɲǣһΣ»֮ڣǻһ壬䣬գȴǸͲں˵赲
ٶ죬ɲǾͳ˻ǰ˫ųĻһ沿𣬷һͺ
ţǰ׷߳˫ҧ⣬ѪɳбǰݺһģһƬѪж赲
һһŮˣͬʱ˴˻һе·
ө֮⣬Ҳԣǻдȴǻɲٽӣһײ֮£غ
ȫˮȴ˲Ϣһ㣬ͷȼգƤϳһƬƬߣ棬֮˺Ĳ壬Ԫ꣬ϾѰĵػǵػ꣡
һػ֧꣬޷ֿ˵ֵΪ죬ǵػںϺ󣬱˸ǿĳ
һϢ޷֣оԼغ¯ڣٲˣ̾ͻᱻȼճɻҽ
Ŀ־壬һ˲䳬η壬һ̣û˿ԥѪŵŵƳʮɣٴѪ󣬷Ӷݣֻ˫۷Ӵյࡣ
˿̾˺˺ĹУ˫۱һʱһƬɻҡ
ǰ׷߾ѪѪǻײУȻڴ죬һ֮£ɲǱķѣԪкȻˣһ̣Ҳֹ
εĳϣŻɨѪǰ׷һֱӱ
Ԫӳһ޷ǵĿ־壬ˡ
֮Ȼ޷ֹǻ벽һ֮£ȫˣڵӣһǰһĻһƬŵĳĬ
գӻûվͷϣͷһ·
ĳδɱˣջ£ĳɿ£ȣΪ֮һĻ˿־ĿУ̤ŵػ֧꣬ؼԽԽԶֱʧ
һ֮һھֹ벽ʵƣʹֵӰӡ˲ڵС
һսעֻţ
ֱȥһʧȥֻʣԪĳϳĬУʧȥ˫۵Ӳ£һؼ䣬һŭ𣡣
Ǻһɫ䣬ȼյĻ棬Ȼһ֮УɲϨ𣬻̹ա
һŭĴ̧ͷȥʱǿؼ䣬Хһ磬Ҫ˺һ㡣
ǳһӰһ꣬괽ݰףüĿӦΪӢ˿ȴɫ͸һŭ⣡
ٶ̫죬ȥԶɲǺ˲Ͽգ·ΪĲкһĬ
ĳĬĸϴĪѹ־塣
˿̣һХһŮӣŮǧģɫֻڿ·ɫ䣬ԥԶһЩ


1806 ռ
ֻҶȥ˵Ķȥ˵ɶĬУڣϲŭ壬ȴǹĳŤģƿԿı䣬һľͷһ
û˸һҶɣ췢һصŭ
ŭ£պƬƲ㱻˺飬յĺ̸Ű˷ȥ
û˸ô
ɣɱŵӣ˭ˣ
ţڣˣҪץסҪķѣҪʹ꣬Ҫɣŭ죬ڱһɼΪֲϢϢɨܣʱǧӣһҽжȫһ
Ҫɱ㣡͵ת̧ܵһץ̾һڿ־бץסһѰͷ
ʶǵӵڣǿѻ꣬˿˼Լ˵ӣ귢ĲҽУӲֱȫȻΪһƬѪ
Ҫļ䣬ֵӣĸ˫ڡ
ϡ桭Գ˵ûгɱ֮ˣȥɽţҲΪҪΪʧȥһϣߣпڡ
һԱʧȥ˫۵һ̾Ϣ
εýʱ䲻˽Ը񰡡˵ģ氡
߻һڣ͵ת˫¶ײ֮âߡ
ղǧӣɱģ㣬ΪϣʧȥҲҪԪԱȥֹûôұľͷͷ̧һץߺȻҪ˺󣬵ȴһû˿ֿ֮ͱһץס
Ҳ֪ʩչʲôͨȫҹһԪڣɲǼ䣬߾ͷĲҽУȴԪģУʱľͷ
֣ǻľͷֱ´أͻȻһУһɣʧ
һĻܲڵһ˵
ȫ֮ҳˣֻµʱ䣬ºҲȫҪ
ͨţޣӴߣԸ
Ҳᣬ½ռۣʶɢȥӦİء
ҵΪڶʶɢִ룬ȴǱһεķѹƣֻڶʱһС
ȻֻһˣˣжϵݣԼ뿪ʱ䣬δдӲɢʶ
سɴ磬½Ҳʧȥáüͷǰεĳԣ޷ضȥ
ӦҲϵ֣ǲϻصʱϿΪ߲ʻսϹﵽ˿սٳڵĳ̶ȣҲûмʱϻȻҲ޷سɴ磡
ֳٶȼ죬ջһ缲ۣЩףأأһʵȫͬ
Ǽ٣棡
붴أȴ޷½أһȻҲûа취سɴ硣
ӦҲа취ֻΪҪ󣬻һЩֳĬ˫˼
ո˵صһж˵İǿʵļ䣬֪̫ܲ࣬ɶţޣ֪١
½巶Χڶеţޡһڡţ޵ǿţҲǾʮ֮ɫЩӣɣİ
ţɺ뷯ɺ贵ţӵжػ˿ͨšǿʼڵݷ⣬ȻΪ˹һڵ콾
һˡʦΪѾȥڵˡְ̾οģţޣ߲ߵ֮ء
ţ̫󣬼൱ʮһûسɴ磬ƾΪ·ʵ̫˵Ҫȥ½Źڵʮ·̣ȫۣҲҪ֮á
üͷ½ʵ̫ˡ
ˣΣҲҪȥߵڵԭַȥʦûҼȻӦһҪȥɣٶʱ䣬ҲҪȥһڣ
ǳڵĿ֮꣬ǰڣһҪȥһˣþҲҪ붫ٳأ뵽ǶٳصȻĶ
֮ǰҪռ⣬ڵķŮӲ֪Ρ֪ӵѪǴռˣҲ⡣
УճߣֱԶȫΪķУʱ䳤ҲЩԲ
̫أҲٻ
ºֵǰһƬççɽƬɽ޾߽֮һ㣬ɽ֮ࡣ
ţھɽ壬һ㣬ִӿʼ֪Ҳۿˡ
˵زĿһֱ·ɽͶȥ˲ϢͳһѰɽԣһ֮£˽뵽ɽڲ
һ˦ɽڲɢһգһӴĶʯңΪʱıչ֮
ϥɽڣ˫һƻûܣһһӡɽڣòֻͨϢ
ӡɽ壬֮ûаѱı׷£ʼձ˵½ȶ磬ǿڶ࣬Ҫʱֹ̽⡣
ֻţŻᰲġ
ǿҲдռ䣬ֻ붴ĲͬĴռǴԼڿٳͲܵƣκεطȡƷ
ַҲûмڶ磬ҲôЩˣˡ
ߵڣһұӦǸʱ׼ŶԡְҡͷǺܸߣҲ޷㵽в©֮
ϥ̧ͷ֣ԥڲ²ⲻ򿪴ռĺʲô
ҵĴռڶ翪ٳ޲ڿԴ򿪣ܵţϾ޲㣬붴绹ӡ½ô졭ֺͷۣȻһӡ
ȴһѷǰȻûֻڻûɲǣûȡƷѷʱ㾧ɢ
ֵɫƽ˫Ŀȴ˸Դ²ˣһδ򿪵Ĵѷ죬¿ٳרŷ֮ɢˣҲʹ
Դʵ飬ȷĲ²Ϊ棡
ӦòеƷһЩܵ˺ֻ̫ǻɢ֪ȥȥ˺δĿ¶˼
ѪҪȡͨʦ̵Ľӡ߱˿սٳʿһڵңôܴ󡭡
ޣרԪڴѷɢʧڿϧ
˾֮￰ȿս١ǹ
Ѿ޸ģһΪ棬һսϹΪ𣬺ǺǣʧʧедԺˣԼû


1807 ˼̰ǣ
üģͷʹ
ԥУţڣڱһյʿػգǣػ֧꣬ɨʿش˲Ĵϣȥȥһ˫۵飬ͬһ㣬ɢ˿
ŭɳеӷѰôƾһЩЦ̸֮ɣڲϲڶΪĴţȴʼá
񿴵ʧ֮󣬸ǧ˱ɱĴˣɵðԸѰ֮ˣҲǷ¡
һЩţȫϣѰֲڡ
ţ̫ˣ䶯Ϣ˵һЩΧɻûɢ̫㣬ֻһƬڶѡ
ڹһڡӴɣٻ⡣
תգȴû˿ŭԽǿңԼʶɢɨ˷ͬûз֣Ͼţޣ̫
һҪأڴѰһѡ
ڵɽ壬ҲڵʶɨԶֵĽƸǲûб˷κζߡ
ٲ鿴˲ܿ⣬ֻǶŭڲ֪λõǰ£Բ鿴Ŀܣ̫
ʱţڵѰûм٣ӵ
һ˼δ򿪴ռóУҲ
һµʱ䣬ֲ˼ռ⣬½ȫͬʱѰıԴԼԴĲͬ
ģһЩ֮Դްڶ绹½ûзı䣬Ͼ֮Դֵĸ⾳Լ֮Դ
ʵ֮ԴȴǻԴһЩͬˡ
ס𡢻СɵˮԴɱ¾Դ˵Ҳиı䣬ȴࡣ
ˣԥȥһ죬ϥڶڵ˫ۣĿ¶һ˿ϡ
ͲѶ֮ˣⴢռ̫ҪҲԥ˿̣ȴǱҪһϣ
ǻٵҲҪȡһЩƷڴ֮ҼȻܻûۣô½ϣҲͬµõµķ
ٶȿһЩⴢռ䲻ȫ
ûԥȫΪȻɢȫⶴڣйɢΪⶴԽԽŨģƳһƬŤ
ŤͬʹһϢҪһ㣬̣δȫȴǿʹڵһת仺
ϾΪȫɢϢͬⶴһĸоַʽӻǴռֺı
Ҫģʱ䣡
ȫϢɢ꣬ܵһж˫¶֮â̧֮ʳָָ⡣
̧ҧ֮ǰ͵һץһץεʩչȴûһΣľһץ֮£ǰʱһѷû
ѷ죬ֵĴռ䣡
ѷֵͬʱϵĶԥһָȥεʩչɱһԶˣʱ䣬ռ䣬ͨܶס
ȴ֪ܲܶסӶ½Ĵռı
ѷһ֣ʱɢĹ⣬̾зļȻ𣬵Ϣڣٶһ㣬ټ϶ͬʱʩչʹѷıȻһ١
Ҳͽһ٣չ˾ҵı
־߶ȼУڴѷ򿪵ɲǣʶѷڣȻһҪڵƷ
һٵʱ䣬ͲִȫĿŴռѿ϶ŮӾ϶ֱܽӾͱʧһЩһЩûбȴѷɡ
һжɲǼ䷢޷ֹԼʲôʶȻѳݣ˳ŴռڵѷɢȥӡһһӡЩɢķϡ
ЩһУǻûȫĴռ䣬Ȼʧǰرգֹ
̶̵˲Ϣ䣬ȫˮ͸м٣˫ͨ죬ǰĬ
ǰƯһѪһöɫĴӡ
Ѫɷǽӡ͸һɿսٲһ˿Ϣ֤ŴǱͨʵ
һЩǺҪķ֮ûйϵˣûбķѷУ׼ҵʶӡһҵѰصһ졣
ӺŮӡֳ̾Ѿˡ
ռӦûܴ򿪼Σÿһδ򿪶Ӿңֱȫ𡭡˾֮ڣҷע⵽ûбߡ̵Ϣɢȥʹⶴָ
ǰѪӡĿһ̧֣մӿõ½ڴռķܿϣͳһѷ졣
ѷһƬڣɢѪӡȥѷʧֵϡ
Ѫٴռ䣬ַҲֻ½˲ˡֳѪһѪ֣һʧڣֳ˽ӡ
ΣֽϤʩչȷԼڶϰߵ⣬ʶĴ򿪴ѷ죬ɲתıŷ
㶪˼Σ½ϵķҿԻø̧࣡ͷĿƿɴ͸Ѿµա
̰ӦҲ½ֻҪҾԶȱٷֻͿԽ⡭̰ǣҺڴ½ĵһطꡭ¶΢Ц
̰ҲǺ֣Ҳ߲ʻ֮һΪβˮ˾ͽתͿ뿪硭ǴҲͬˡº޷͡ʣѾܾã²ⲻ𰸡
ˣպ̰ǣ֪ãȽػԴ⡣ǲΪףѰضһս
ҳԸһЩ鷳ڿߵһЩ˷վȽŲ¶â
ʱ½ݣʶ֮أʳ֮УһΪݻĴڣ˵֮ͬ칬һ㡣
ϽɣԶҲԿǴĿ֮⡣
Уһž޴ϣһž۵ӣӱ˫ۣڼ£˿ͻȻ˫Ŀ̫ͫͬɢһѪϢǿ޷ƣȻɢ
ʦǴ˴ʧٲΣգֻ컯Ϣ֮飬ɡףԱ߻һŮӡĿһ̧ǰһץ


1808 󲹣
Ǿ۵һץ֮£ڣǰİжʱһƾճ֣תУһƬĹ⣬в֪ͨδ
Х֮лģڳģӰǻһץ˳
ǻԵһһŮǷŮӣ
ûŮӣǰĿ˷ϣüͷһ壬ǰһȥǰУӵƯǻһѰؿڡ
һɺƵȻӿڣɲǼ䣬̴죬ͬص
ǰڷ罭ɨ֮䣬ͨһľǼ˷ӵѪ֮
ӻǻԣʼûѡ
סüͷһ壬һ˦䣬̳һ޴̫ӰӰִͬʱɢȥؼ䣬ǾԶҲĿʹУһֽɫ̫ɢ޾â
ǣֻУٴΰ˷ӵؿϣһɽɫڣֱͷ­ȥɲǼͰѷͷһЩľѪܣȻ򿪣
ڴ򿪵ɲǣһЩֱӾͱɢ
硭һɲǣɫͻȻ˫ۣһϲĺһѪٴλԹȥ
üͷչ̫Ӱɢ
͵ȥϢŮӣҲһͬȥˣϵصУڱɫ˿ƣŮӣŻǷݹ󣬷ŻԵķŮӣܿ뿪˴
ʧٶ֪꣬ʲô飬ȻôصơѪ֮ҲһЩҪʸǻϣɫ¶˼˫ۡ
Ҳ˵ֱչڵɽڲͨٵĶڣ˿ϥ˫ȫһƬ𺣡
𺣾ȼУֵһ޴Ļȸߣʹǻ𺣸Ũ
½һֱŵıף˿ҲͱڿٳĴռУ˿˫£ĻŤƣֱĿȥ
ɲǼͱĿգĿУһ״ӡ
ӡһһû˻ڶڣΪۣ
Ļ汾ԴѾ̣ڶʱҪŨһЩ½ţ޵ĵػȴǸ롭
ֻ֮䣬ҪһӡĻѰ˻ðһЩһͬӵл汾Դߣᱻһۿߣ˵صػȻЩ½Ѿһµʱ䣬ܵĲͬ
˵汾Դɣڶ磬ǿһлȫɱٿأͬһõ汾ԴģΪֻһͿɿٲ
½ȴǲͬߣ汾ԴҲͬߣҪĲ֮ѡ
ڶ֮ʱߣްһǿߣڲڣֿԳػ֧꣬ƴݣʵȴǼ򵥡
˵ԲѡǵػҲ߳ڣΪһ´˵صػų̶ȣų֡
ųǿֵǿвٿ£뿪˲ںػɣѹһʧ
˵صػųǿȻ½Ļ治ͬңôҲͲͬѹںϣ׳ǣ˫¶⣬˫ĿһգԪĿһȸĿһ
ȸ֣ԪⶴУŵ˲ϢȥֱӾʧ˶ڣŴȥ
ţޣһػ֧Уһɽ£ȫǵػڣԪһصףʱ͸ܵһȵϢ
ϢԪ˺󣬵ȴްȸ·ۣ֮ͬ˴ɢǵػԿ
ԪصףУ벻һֿȥûеֻǵ⣬ͬһ硣
룬Զһ䴫޷ţԪȴǼΪһǰ˸Ũ
̺ĸ£ƿڻһзԪ
˫ĿһһսֲͬĻ棬֮һײ뱬
ͬʱȸͬһ˻˻ȸ֮ص׻ڣһֱ֮أ
ٶȼ죬ⲻϵ£ÿã̳޾룬ĸԴ֮
һ֮ɢâ˱ϢĻ޴ĿĶȸɲǣһȥ
һĻǾˣصڣһһȸ˴˶˻չһ֮ɣ
ʶɨȥһĻȥȴȻܿģֻһ֪Ӷپľ޴ǿ죬ɢ޾£ڵص֮С
޴ĿǴ˵ػ֧֮꣡
ͬȥȸҲһȸӰģһƬ˵ظ룬һֻ棡
ؼ䣬ֻһ֣ף棬ǶĳЩʱ𣬵ǣȴԶҲϣû֣
ǰԵģǲܹģֻںϹһģ
ǻ䣬һԾȥŨŨĻȻţֱȸſھһɶ
ȸĿһ˿ûػ֧Ļ꣬Ҳûʸȴȸ˻мǰУǻſɵɲǣ˳ںȻȥ
һлҪֺҪΪ½Ļ棬ҲͬҪˣֵʶŻİԵصص
ǻȸ¶ʹ֮ɫŤɢ˱ĿȸӰȸΪӴ󣬽ڣٴģ
ĹУϵɢĻ棬׳ԼͬʱǻԽӵŤȣȴǸΪӴ
ڵϣʮɽУضɽҡ¡¡ľصܣ䣬һ޴ѷ죬һƬƬػһС
һ̲δ̫ãһǵĵػ˳ѷȫɢӰصǻֹͣձȸڸסȸ͵˫ۣ¶һƬâ
һػ֧Ļ꣬ҵĻ汾ԴȻ׳ô࣡ȸһΣһƬֱϷȥϥĶڣɲǾͳֵĿ
ȫһԪ壬˫Ŀ
˵ǺĴ󲹣ֵŵ棬˫¶֮â


1809 ĺȻ
˵صػ䣬ضһЩע⣬Ѿֳվ𣬴һ˦ⶴµĽȫ
ֲκ׷ѰԼˣйó֮£İĴ½һأ͵ǶһԱ
ɢӰ٣㱻˿ҲѷֱǷɻΪʩչ˦䣬Хȥİⶴһɶһû˿ۼ
һУһ߳˶վ֮䣬˿ףƣձġ
½ϢԶ۶ȥ
ټ죬ɲǾͻʧؾͷеٶȣ֮ǰҪһЩ˿ȫʩչת۾ͷɳ
ȥĵ죬ƬʮɽϿգһХǰһˣǲ࣬ɫ·һɽ壬̧ɽһ
غȴͻȻһֻԼɴϸľͷֱֱۣ𣬴һƬ棬һȭɽϡ
죬ɽбʯɨ˷
ǰػ䣬ʿȻǲɶѾչȫٶȣɻˡ¶ɱĬдһ˦
͵ɢѰңҾͲţӳţޣսȭͷ
㣬ѰҡҪŰˡ
ָûҪȥĶܶԷ㣬һԶһЩɽڣʮڳȻûкˡ
֮뿪ҪԭԼ汾Դ׳Ĵ֮
˿ռУʶɢ·أ˫Ŀ¶˷֮ɫ
ţ޵ػ֧ڶ࣬ӣǧֹȫգ棬ҵĻԴ᲻ﵽڶٳ۳Դ뵽ֺм١
Щ²½ţ޵Ļ𣬹Ӧôδ˳ȥգȫǱ֮Ͽɺ󣬸䱾ԴӶΪܡ
Ǿ絽ˣԴ׳󣬻ҲԳΪһףкܴĲͬ
ֲ½֮ˣĻԴûлô˵ػϿɣһȻų⡣
ͬ˳Ӧ֮ĹϵҲŻһػ֧Դ
˵ӹ񣬴ûκһ֮ˣǿ߳½ҲͶ̥ȻҲɳ
½ҶԲһյأһأ˫۹âԽǰпԽ޾ܿһƬɽ֮
ɽһƬ̣˿ػĺۼȴƾԴĸӦĿһɨƿһ޴ĻɽµĵصĿ˯
ĿǻϵɲǣͻȻ˫ۣ˫ĿһƬ𺣣ŴɽĶ֡
𣡣
һ𶯣ɽһΣпХ֮ȴǳ޷ʿҲѲΨ̺˲ͬԴ֣ſͬ伫ųĺ
˫Ŀһߡ
ССػ֧꣬ҲҶҵͺ𣬺ôĵӣ·һȥɲǾ̤һɽϣ̧·͵һץ
ػ֮꣡
Ȼ̧һƬɽͺһƬƬ𺣴ӵ汬ֽµɽǾҵкȻʯɼ䣬һͷ­ǧɵĻֱӾʹǱɽһ
ֵ˲䣬ε̳Ϊ˳ɫƱȼգظǷŴ֮ȴһѷ˺һ׽ػʡ
ǻ֮ǰɵͷҪһЩɢĻ֮һʿȫһ
Ӵͷ­ֱӾٽ֣һͷײ𶯣ͬһŻǴ⽵٣ֱ֣ǹɾ˵ƣʿʱΪ֮ɫ䡣
ֵɫȴƽûа仯к㣬ǻɲǣ̧ǻһȭȥ
֮һɲǾض΢һΣվû˳벽ǻȴǷ˻ͷ­Ȼ󱬿
ǱУͷ𺣣ٴ۵ļ󣬸ǻڣĿ۳ɢŭĹâ
ȴûиͷ­ȫ۶ĻᣬǰһȥĿâһͫһȸûͫ׻Ȼûǰǻ͵һ
ػ֧꣬λȸȥɲǣϵڻ
ǻȫһͷ­Ļ𺣣Ť뱻ȸУԽԽ󣬵󣬵ضɽҡɫ䣬壬ȻȫΪ˻𺣣ȫȸߣ
ػ֧꣬ȸ֮ͣƮڰգҪڸǲ񷡣
ڣʹȸһ˻
˻㲨ƣȸΪģܲϵɢȥǰһ̤ȸͷ˱
ȸ˻ǰ۶ȥԶԶһһƬӿգ
ֿĸоԴٴ׳׳һƬ˷ܣҪ֪ڶʱԴȻֹͣ˱仯̶ֱΪѾǻԴļˣΪǾĴɡ
ǸоȱһЩʲôֻ޷塣
ֱڶ廨ڣǶٳгֵһĻĻ䣬Ϊֺ俪һ̶ͨ߳ȵĴš
֪ˣԼĻ汾ԴȻԻԴԶҲǲˣ֮ǿĸо
򵥵ı仯֣ͨһΣ˫صԶԶڣֱ仯֮ǰʹδõ
½Դٴ׳ķ򣬼ٵ룡
ڴ˿İǿƵ½ûʲôΪӸܵˣֲ˼̤Ǿ޴ȸǰۣʶɢѰһػ֧
ȥһԶХǳ֮ˣǲ࣡һΣٵٶȸ죬Ƭ϶ӻûɫ¶һ˿𾪣·ɽͣƤʶ˼¡
Ծػ䣬һλ˵⣬ȻΣȻΪ֮ôΪʲôüͷ벻ͨ
һ£̤һɽϣʶɢϸĿһ۴أһЩ뵽˵صס
һ֮£Ȼɫ䣡
ػήػɢ֧Ȼյػ⡭ǲܵ鰡ʿӵ˻ԴҲǿյػһôпڻԴķɣᱻţ޵֮ų⡭ôģҪʲô¶Ȼ
δ˵˿ɵػ½ĻԴܣǽػ𹩷Ͽɺ䱾ԴͲȥ̣Ҳȥ̣


1810 Ⱥһȸ̵
̧ͷԶգоԼ׷֮ˣпһΪµĴڣĲɵԥ֪òü׷ȥ
ãһҧĿ¶⡣
ôʵڲģ˵ʲôҲҪ׷Ϻһֻܿǹ飬ҾɱǡΪףƾУҪıͷҲɽżȻˣҲ޷ı飬ܼšڵӰض󣡡Ϊһ棬ϲŭ޳ҲѰ֮
⣬̧һץгһֽףֽɫ죬һ˦֮ͣһ̺ף˻һֱǰȥ
棬ԶԶȥ
Ӵ챦ָӲ̫ã
ţ޵Ĵϣһ¡¡ľУһͷӴޱȣɵȸӴڳĻɢʹһƬŤʹô̸ѣʱԱ
ȸͷְ׷Ʈ˫¶â
ڶɵػ֧꣬Ѿȥ˰µʱ䣬ûа˷ѣٵǰУÿһػ֧ȫꡣ
УѾоػգ֮ǰĻ汾ԴУѾʮһػꡣ
ĻԴ֮ѾԶԶسڶ֮ʱǿһҪ࣡־˵ı仯ƺۣĲɣ
׷׷֮˭־ûпȴ֪
ˣضǲڵǿߣսٳΪĶ࣡
²ѷ׷֮ˣ׷֮õˣضԼΪţֳ½ǵУҲΨǿʼڵĲ棬ʵ
ʼڣǲΪ⣬ǿսٳڡʵΪǷͲǿ֪ˣ
Ƕȹ˾ŴٺĿսٳڣҲǻ֮УȻΪʵļ䣬˶Ϊ
Ŀһµȸ˻죬ԶٴηȥԽɵػ꣬ûȸٶȾԽ죬˵ǱȲȴ޼
ȸХɲʧӰպسһŤлӣ׷˰£ԽԽȴͬԽԽ
У˾ŴɿݵĵػֲĸоһαһǿңԽ׷Խľأͷҡ
һģ˵ҪɶٲŻôȥô׷ôҼ׷࿴·ήĵػͷƤЩ顣
ɲҪҷѾ׷Ϻ󣬲򲻹ˣһ·ҵ׷ɾͳΪһЦ뷨ʱĸڶԺڡ
ԭԥƬ̣췢һͺȥˣԷΪľʹ
Ҷǿսٳڣʵߴ٣ɾˣ˷ľ壬ǿԶѰʿҵȹŹ֮ޣҾͲţսΪ൱ңҵģٶȸ죬̺׵ָ£Ȼ
ȸΪӴǵأһɨʱ䣬걻գ
ʮػ꣬ʹֵĻ汾Դٴαǿĳ̶ȣȻڶ
׷Ķ࣬һʱٽǰһήĵػɫ԰ף׷˵һδйĥ
ĥ壬һδεĿػήָо˷Լδ׷ΪԷһսҲԸ˼ĥȥ
ţһϣ죬˻ɢΨһӴļޱ޼ʵȸӵֱԶ
ʱ󣬶Ӱٴγ֣ĿŴأá
ʮ˿̵Ķ࣬ǻɣյˣһػɡ
ţޱ˵ɽ࣬಻ޱ޼ʣɽû˿ֲȫǺɫԶԶһͺͺģȴһѹֵĸо
Ѽ࣬һȵϢƴޣ
ԭƫƧʿ˵߲࣬ʱ򣬴˵ضһƬž˿̣ȴǴɽһ˻
˻ǻ֮ǰĺͬһ𶯣ʵʣһд˵شڵ飬ȫ
Ȼǻǿʹû󣬷ĺ
ɵػֵһ޷ɣҼΪֲĵػ꣡ȴɽУһӴȸȸվ͵Ļͷ
ɽҡɷΧĵ漱̮ɽҲȻ鿪һͷ­ɣӸǲ֪೤ľ޴
ǻ꣬˿̿ȥȴʵ죬Ȼ˵ص֧ԶԶѰĵط
һ֧˫¶⣬֮ǰϸɨ˷Ļ״̬󣬸ȷ˲²⡣
һػϣ֧Щ֧ͬľķ֧һ㣬ӡȴǲͬں֮ǰҲȴǷֿΪ˶Ĵڣ
֮ͬӣǿ𣬼û֣
֪ţжȻ̫࣬ӦúٲŶԣһ൱˴֧ȻˣûзŹĵµȸ˻ӻתֱ·ĵػȥ
ǵػĻȫȻɢ˲Ϣڸգ˷Բ⣬ͬȸȫڡ
ܱϣں̹ȼһпԺϢͬʱǾĿҲŤʹȫռ䣬Ϊģ
ΨһӴĻХٽײе˫Ŀ͸Űȸ
ߣػ˵ǿ൱ʿеĿΪȴ޷˲ǻһָ
ػ֧ʮֻ֣֮꣬µɲǣȸ⣬̳ʮɻʮȸ뱼꣡
ҲʱԶճɲٽ࣬׷
ԶԶľͿռƻ棬˻ڴľɲǣȻһԭ壬̾ͳһƬѣĹһ䣬Ȼһɫľͷˣ
仯ľͷ˵˲䣬һƬɢľͷ⣬ȴûжľͷ˿˺
ıԴȻһǻ汾Դ
֮汾ԴᱻΪ˻𣬴ţ޵Ļ𣡶࣬Ǳţ޵ĻϿɵıԴʿ
Ѱ֧޷ӵǣڻԴûȴǿԴﵽЧ
ɫһ䣬ĿԶƻϣԿʮһȸȺһȸ̵쾰
ȸͷվŵһ׷֮ˣһϮڻмΪֻۣǱӰȴ˶һɽĴ
Ŀһ


1811 Ŷ࣡
˿ɵػ𣬴˴ػѰͬɲôף£ǳɱʱ˫¶֮ɫ˼һΣֱȥ
࿴֣ƻڣҲͬܵĶ࣡
һ޽ӽսٵΪϢӶϻľͷ˵һɲǣָоΪıָܡ
ɫ糣֪ʼں׷׷Ҳ֮У˿ûаңûȥٵĶ࣬ȸ˻߻ʮֱ·ĵػ֮޴Ļȥ
˫;벻Զ˿̼ٳ£ɲǾһ𣬾ĶҪҲһ
ʮȽӴǵػ꣬쾪춯أ˫ɲǣȸͷǰһָ
ȴʮͬһٵĲǵػϣԶԶһʮ˩ŵػ꣬ʹз
ͬʱֽµȸ˻гɲٽǱ˨סĵػ꣬Ӵصչ˷ںɡ
һжɲǼ䷢Ƕ࿴ȥһˮɾ䣬û˿֮
ػŤϣɫ¶ʹ࣬ڣȸڣͷǼ䣬׷Ʈ֣Ȼվ
̧֮ǰ˩סػʮȫִ˿ֲ̧ٿأԶԶһƱץסһ
һĻΪ𺳣пʿ𶯡
һĻȫͬеĵĽ꣬·ҲҪ·Ϊ
춯ءֱ˿̣ǶӲʸһƻڣּٶȥ
ٽһ˲䣬͵̧ͷǾ޴ĻǱֲٿصǣ壬ò̧ͷǾҵҪ˺أ沨Ű˷ɨ
ͬʱһ޾Ļֵ֮ʮڱУµĻڣһȸ˻
ȸ˻䣬Ļ֮˳ŵػ崫ڣȻ䣬ֵϣһӵеĻ֮춯أ
̧ǰȻһĶȥ
һģִ˿̱ĻԴԴǿĳ̶ȣڶ磬бԴһ𱬷ȫ
һԴ൱֮ǰߵ
Դ׳Ҳһ·Ϊܵ飡
һ֮£غ䣬ȴܻ𺣼ɲǾǰڱĻ֮ںϺγһ޴ӡ
ӡֵָֺ֣ХаɴСǰƶһĺۼֱȥ
˫ͫ䣬ȻܵУʱ˴ƬŤŤתۻһУתУһ޴ľͷֱۣȻ˳ֱӡȥ
һ˵ʵȴգ֮䣬ӡľͷֱغһɿֲĳܷƶ
ֵӡǶͨľͷֱۣͬһ֮£Ǳӡ𺣻ƣֱȼ
ƺһ˳͵̧ͷ
ȴɫ糣վǵػͷһδǻȴӾ˴ΧıƤһ㡣
ְǶȫƵµĻڣ֮ش޷ɵĻϡ
ǻĲҽУˣ岻ϵıÿһ֣ȸӰͻԽӵ
ɫһ䣬¶֮ɫ˿Ҳˣǰ׷ʿǽԼ֮ɵػ
̧ͷȥ˲䣬ֱ˫ۣһΣն
һֿ˶Ϊ˾ûдﵽսٳڣл֮Уӣһǿȴ޷߲ʻսϹȣ
ֿǳɶȴ޷ֵʵ
ϢжϣҲǿ۷壬ûдﵽʿܽͨȥɵػ
壬ҷŵͨбŶԣɫȴû˿仯ټϴ󲿷ֵתƵµڣ޷Ϊ
Ҿֻп۷壡˱ضΪĻڲڣߣ˫Ŀɲǣֱ˲ͬĲ²⡣
Ϊ˽ڼһ·׷Ȼԥ˿һ˺󣬱Ŀ˸û
ǺˣΪҪҲɽţĳһ°ɣ䣬˸⡣
ڵƳɿܣĳֻǻɽţûɱһѾءֲٿصʮһʱµĵػ˻࣬ȸӰڲϵص֣ʱȫɻû
һĻڶУ̳ŤҪľͷһ˻ڵĻԴ궯֮⡣
ЦɱҲǧӣȻ˵ûɱһˣЦµĻ꣬ٴԥ
ָĸоأһ·һĻĻȻöûʮȫİա
Ŷ໰ԲٿڣվڻϣϵزٿڻԴꡣ
ݵƽǻһΪУȫȻ治ٿصĳ֣ö˫ۺŨ˿̵ػĺٲ֣ڻԴǻų֮С
ôô͸ĳһɣԥһΣֱֶȥٽɲǣЦ̧һָա
ȴպ䣬Ʋ䣬һ޴ƾճ֣ӡ
ӡһɫ䣬ֱȥ
ڿƵɲǣɫȻ䣡
ڴӡӡǻ֮ˣ
ŶĻֺȻһĿ˸ӡʩչɲǣٴһָա
ȴһƬ߲ʹâХ˲Ϣǰأȫ߲ʹâڣ߲תۣһ߲ʳǹ
ǹһǶ˫ͫ¶Ȼ֮ɫӲǰ򣬶Ƴ
߲㡭㡭㵽֮˻Ƕڵӣ
˵ءʩչֲͬͨȭƿ֮ƺХֱնȥȴһ䣬һѳſģ޴ĹɡȻ˶ĿС
ȫһ¶޷ŵɫʶ˺󼸲ֵĿ⣬Ȼ̺˼ļɵ
ʮޣɻյ㣬ǿڡƵٽɡɫ԰ףֵͨһһ𺳣˿ͷƤ飬ɲΪ͵ѧģͨΪڣ͵ѧɻᣡ
㵽˭


1812 ֱȱԴ
޵꣬Ǽ࣬Ϊľͷ֮Ȼ͸壬˺Ȼ֡
ǰ׷ʿϣȴǽӶĸܵͷƤĸо
ǿһɿĵػ׷ϣٴӶԷпڡԼƵķ
һУö޷жֵȥԷصɴƿһ󣬻ڡ
Ҫô͵ѧɣӶѧЩ֮
ҪôһıԻЩɵ֮ͨɫ԰ף˺ͷת²⡣
ǰߣ˵˽ƻˣó䣬ΪضֳǸӣȻвٺСˣ˵ѲɱӦ޺󻼡
Ǻߡͫһ
Ǻߣ˾ǣöڡϹѶȣɻյţƵǷٽɡ֮⡭Ҳδֲ̫ˡ
ʲôıһ㡭һ²⣬ɫӲ԰ס
ɫǺȻأֻǿһЩվǻϣմ˻֮һЩʱ䣬ʱ˵´ţܾգЧȻá
ΪǶչһսƺҪ̫ңͿȥ
㻹ҪĳôɫƽǻͷһػԴһĿڡ
ϣء
ڶֿӦò󣬴˻ֻ֮ʩչҲΪ˰ˣӦ伫ޣ޵꣬ô׾͸ıͷ˿ֻ̷һХ
һΣֱֶȥȫ˸ŤȻ¶ľ壬һƬɢȫơ
ԶԶһΪˣ
ҾͲţ㻹ִ֮
Ƕ໰ﴫӺХٽɲǣִЦЦǶУг֮⣬ʹǶһ
ȴŲٿʮ̧Ȼһӡ
̱һƬڷХǺڷڴ˻ȴʮûǺڷڴߡ
ͬʱʮſڣһɼ֮ǷиǴΣͬʩ꣡
˵Ҳǳ棬ÿһˮڽٵɲǣȴɢĿ⣬ȴһεˮȻһõĻ꣬ÿһ꣬˻ǵһ㣬ࡣ
绽ɱɽֵ𣬴غ䣬һ޴ѷƾճ֣һõĻɽƬ̺ػϻûǻɽȻ̹޾ҽ緢
磡һͺ̧һָգȴǱڷڸǵ죬ͻȻһ¡
˿ǰ죬ĳ֣Ϊ죡
ֵɲǣָ£ָٵĶϣʱ̻ûһĺۼɢ
Σִһ˦ǻͷ߸һ㣬ͷɫһƬ԰ףٴ𺳵Ķ࣡
ڡ´ʽϣڣͬǶݾʮ֮һ
͵̧ͷ˫ͨ죬Ѿͨסʹ˺Ѿ׷ôãûȥˣ
Ϊֹֻǳһжѣ
дɵͨΣ㱾ΪضңҲķͼ赲ҳ֣
Խ˵Խǲҳ֣һӴδﻢµľ棬ȴǻȥˣѹĵ𾪣һζ̧䣬ȫХϣдľͷɢֱ֡
ϷΪȫԼ˵ûôͨԴȴϷԴӲܱ֮࣬һԴ֮ˣ
ϷҪţмԴ죬ϵĻ汻ɢһ壬ʱϻ𣬰ضӳڣһ˺𣬾Ŷӣȥ
֮ԴǰУ·һʱǳѷأ̹ɳľƮɲ˶ǰһ˿Ļɫ
ڣŨ֮ԴϢϢɢʹõ濴ȥŤܻƱһƬĮɳ
֮Դһͺ֮ܳΪʿ֮νܶȹ٣ԭ⣬֮ԴмĹ
ڴܵӻҲԴϵ
֮ԴһʵСһɳһ½أԶɢȥһر仯ٿһģ仯
֮Դ½Ҫʷ򣬶౾߱ʸ񣬵Ǿľͷ壬ȴ̺һ˿֮ԴС
˱Դһβɼȴöֵɫ𺣣ƾյӵ
Թ½ϣʹֶڻĲͬʶʶص㣬йػû
һΪڣһΪֻһ󣬲Ӧ
ֱڣʶʼջûзֳȷ񣬵ͨϣȴް֮ͨԴȻƾ
һ˻
ͬʱֵԴţ֮Դ£ڶһ½㣡
һ˵ʵȴת۷չȫԴսһ㣬ֱֶ
˭Ϸ
վǻͷ˫ͫٿؼ䣬ǻӲܿƵ󼲳ۺˣͬʱ֮ǰչһϵͨȫֱȥ
߲ʳǹӡǳſķٽɡټǺڷе֮½ԳƵ϶ͨһ̣ȫܷӵǿ֮
ǻĴڣһдನִһս
𶼷⣬սϹ߲ʵ˶ҳ֣ôܻ࣡
ִռ޷ȫ򿪣Ļ˾֮һذܣ
ɲо춯أΪ̫ߣԴû˿ͨʽǱԴǿͨˡ
֮صֵͨȫǶ౾Դ֮ನХѹǰʹֽ»꣬Ҳ޷ܣһĲҽУȻ
ıγһ޴Ļ򣬽ȫơ
Ƕ߽ͨĳҪ׷һ
ʱֵǻڣĴ
ΪֻһԴôΪԴͺܶô
Ǳ˵˻ɲᣬ⻰˵Ƕ಻֪ΪΣȴһ


1813 ̫ˣ
ػıľ޴򣬰ֵڸڣǻ⣬ʮӴĻ֮һ
ģԿǻڣƴһȸӰ
ԶԶȥ򣬾ͬһ˾˵ı仯
ĻǻŶһ棬Ťܿûһ
һգ֣
Ŀ˶һۣϻû֣ڡ
Դ֮ԴֻһУغĿӡǺХ̻һ併١
ֵɲǣɫ䣬û˷ֱ˵أһ̺֮ڲϵУһ޴ս
սͭȴɣ޴磬սӣսǰС
սϣվһģӰӰɫĶ񣬿ӣ
⡭֮Դ׵սֻаױԴĳ̶ȣпܻױ䣡ˡ˲ӵлԴӵ֮ԴɫһԴ𾪵ģ֮ԴһȻױ䣡
ԴǾ޴Ļϻûףٴδ˻
һУһư£һƺڰ׶һγһУƯֵǰ
ϢںƵɢ֮Դʵ½ܵı䣬˿Դ֣ɢֲܹϢ˿ںһ
֮ԴˡҲһʵһ飡ɫѿѾԤϵļޣԭΪҲһʵһ顣
ѵţԭԴͺ𣬵仰ﻹû˵꣬ȴǱϡ
ôԴٱԴҳֵĻǶɫޱ䣬ľУ¶޷֮ɫֵǰٴγž޴У
һУʵмٱ仯֮һۣڣһƬþһֱ仯
⡭⡭
һűԴ̺ΪΪӣһƬ磬޷˿壬ͬһֱ治ǵı仯
֮Դ˾ȻӵˣܻñԴ¶𺳣ʶ˺󼸲˫еԴҲһ
ʵʲôʣܻԴ⡭ڴţҲδ˵֮ǰԼĻԴڶԷУȷ˿㲻ʲô
ԴΣԴ಻ʵǿٴαסɻҧ˻
ɱ¾Դǻϵףüѿһ϶һƬɱ֮ɷŨڳֵɲǣպȻƮɫѩѩ£شѩ£
ɱУٴ˺ֵĿ⣬ȻǺȻǿֲ
ɱ¾ɱ¾ԴȻɱ¾Դ㾹Ȼӵɱ¾ԴЩ½ϣɱ¾Դ֮ԴҪټֱԴֻǵһԳۣ
ɱ¾Դۣض˫մѪɱ¾󣬷п֣ܳ룬ôΪġ
ģȻɱ¾Դɱ˶ˣ⣬һɷ
ƱԴҳֵĻͬһȭ˶ϣö಻ϵ˺ֱʮ⣬˫ĿͫһƬƬѪ˿ЩѪ˿ûְ˷һƬơ
һɽƱԴϢȻ
ߵߵٴκˣƯ֮ߵԴͷƤиԺ
ָ𾪣̫ˣµ֮ǰȣȴΪ𺳣תӵͷϵ
ӵߵԴӵдǿڵͨǿյػױˣǣ
ΪУ֣಻֪Էϵ׻жȻ鷢жϢĺûó
γ֣ƶûнԷˣһжϣֵΪ㲻ԼҲ࣡
£ټ϶ԷأԶĽս
ߵԴΣɸҳʹһսҧҪӣҲҪ˵һЩ滰ſɣĻһ׷ʵ̫ˡ
ҪսֻûףĿһ˵仰ɲǣһɿֲѹͻȻǻڱ
ѹ죬ɢ˲䣬öеĿ־弱Ӳ˼˺󣬺ȻпȥȴǻУһƬŤģ£һɲ˸
ǽɣͬһ㣬ǽһͷ­СĽɫӡشӻƮɢ
֣⼱ٵҫȫڣɢһɴѪ֮ϣһɣö༸ҪɢٴֵϢ
Ϣӡڣܲ࣬ȴԿٵأ
һи֮ˣһںߣΪֲ֮
󡭡𡭡ѪӼٺˣӡ𺳣̾е˵һ۾Ϳӡһʩչ֮ʹͨʵʻ۶
ķʵΣã𺳣һĪ˵ǴţǹһڣţڵһǿߣڿӡڸܵǴϢ󣬶ӵӡߣֲ֮ģ
Ϊַʵʻ󣬳͸֮ˣһ̾ͻ½ǳʶ
½ϣֱôڣŸʵʻųֵķǱ͸׽˵ӣַʽˣ˭Ҳܶ
ԶΪֱ治Ϣһ½ľûʸ񿴵κһ
Ϣ־ϢԶԶһǿߵϢȴǳ˴⣬֮˿ӵУ
һѪпֵĿ⣬Թ
̵ģķóҪóŻ׷ɱ㣬ѲȫˣҲû
㡭ǿ˰̫˰ûģ
ı֣Ҳһû뵽һӡȻ֮Ȼö࿴˺ѪˣݵĺĻ


1814 ޵ĸӦ
ӡȻЧĿھһſһǽӡһʧֻûǾ޴ϵ׿С
Žӡʧɢ֮䡣
ͣ˽ӡڡ
ֱǽӡʧ෽Ű˿˺󼸲ҪϿȥһ·׷ıԷ𺳣ǽӡϵĴϢţ˿ͷһƴɱͷ޲ȥ
˰ʵ̫ˣΪƣ˳ɺ󣬺ȻɫһŲͣɨһǱ֡
˱Ϊ񣬸ӵдͷܱҵ컯ǺͿˣôܾ뿪ͨܵõǸָ㣬Ϊӣ
һıһ˼ʲôţҲðʲôöҪһʱȥţ뵽Ȼһɨƣɫ¶˷뼤
ûʿĻᣬǱţ޵֪ĳͳķضΪ֮̾ͻὫȥΪϱһҪ󡭡
۰Ҷ컯ˣпֻһ֪ݣ֪ôҪһռǡǲ֪Ĵһһνˣľͷ壬û࣬˿̻Լ
컯컯˫ð⣬ֱڵĻæ˫ֱȭϼ΢Ц
ᣬᣬѣһᡣ֮ǰ;òڵɽ̫ƾˣҪٵ޽ʱѳְæ¶ĳָм׷ʵҲΪ˸л֮¡۶գſڿ
Ŷɨ˶һۣɫЦЦ͸˶˼
ɻ棬ش󣬶ĳȥѷģжĳΪ㻤̤벽౻Ŀһɨ˿ûΣֲţָ̧գɫΪ࣬ٴοڡ
ϣ½ΪѻǴ˰֮ģؽ𣬵ͳɢ˵ţ̳һɫķģǷ˸̺˶ԣһâֱգʧӰ
½ϵ֮һóвߣڤڤ֮е򣬿Ϊ֤
ҲգģұһĻᡣִĿŶ࣬ڡ
仰ڶУöྫܣĵľ֮ǰᣬֵĽһˣͶȻûлӽ֣ĻҲ̸ϻ컯ˡ
˿ͬԼæӾɫΪֵ࣬˵ͷ
ѷģϷƴҲҪõѰȫ˵ţɿ⣬ϥգʶȻɢܣߵأȴûжʶڣȻǿˣ԰֮ġ
ɫ糣˼ûأı¶ȻܿǱԼӡ壬˰ͽ˼ĿģӡĴ
Ҳãҳ½кܶ鲻ѻ֪ҲҪôһҡԼҪһҾռЦԱ˫ۣ״Ǿ޴ĻʧӰ
ϸԣܵķܵһлȻ⣬ҪúñһԼȡ֮ǰĲ졣
ʱţת۾졣
Уֳַһ˿ʶ⣬̷࣬ͬʱǻڼٵڻ汾Դ
һ֧Ȼ̺˻Դ֮Ϊ磬ģƻзڡ
ⷨǻ־Ҫ̵ĲԴ־
ǻʮڣһһʧںϣأһɻ־ɢǵһܵģɫһһǻû
ڵ峿ؼ̧ͷâְ˻ģڰɢһɲǣڵĻ򣬱˾춯صĺ졣
켫ΪңУȴǻٵתۼ䣬ֻʮɴСڻŤлǿֵӰߣһȸ
ȸ˻ǻɢصصĹУǻȻٴһٶȲ죬ʱɴС
ɻڣȴһɻ־Ȼ־أҪصĵػ־һ㡣
ţޣһֻ̣־
ָоֻ־֮һţޱڵĵػһ֣ɻ
Ǳ跨֮ˣԴȻԿ˵ػ־࿴ɻ
ʱͻȻǻٴξң£ֱ۳ɣӰһΣȴǴɻ߳
׷Ʈվǻԣϥһɫأ˫ǻһָ
һָ֮£ǻȸ˻춯أɼɻٴģȻֻʣһɣ
һɻڣԿһС˺ܶȸ漱ٵĻȸ֮ϵɢ
һĻö˫¶ĹâһɻԺͻȻֳһͷ
ȸĻԴ֮ˡػһбԴȫȸڣĪҪ뵽˫Ŀٴ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ĪҪ۱Դ൹кȻ֮ɫŨ
ԴһΪվڣԱԴ֮غƵս޲ʤʵ֮ԴȽϺûãΪﵽͱҪԸ֮Դı仯
ԴԽ࣬ʵԽǿ½ʿ֪飡
ⱾԴҲֲΣӿʼıԴ֣۳ԴֱԴɣһһ߹˵УһЩ콾֮ƶԴڴ֮ٴ׳۳һԴ
ⱾԴΪټһ֣ǿ˿£һֻڴŵϿһ֮Դûмڶ⡭ѣѵ۱Դɣ࿴ֵĿ⣬¶š
½ŹʮУһռʮտڣǵһڡ
տڣһɽˮ֮أƬƬҶ裬ˮҶһƵɫ̳
Ǽ̳˲ɣϢϣһ꣬ϥᣬʵȴǸһĸоѾ˺ܾúܾá
ޡ
ţްǽӡóһ˲䣬ѡ˱չصޣͻȻ˫ۡ
ˡ¶΢Ц֪ѡĵӣضУһ½


1815 Դ
ҵĽӡڣ֮أҲӦްȻˣҲüڽĥһδޣгûǰ֮أϾݣǶȥ壬ضһЩûҪĲۡ
ͬļŹҲᱻΧһ
֮ǰ֮У޾뿪ɻЩһЩƣʶչأͬģѡչصһԭǵȲֵź
ļȥҲްˡ
ͽ½ļңһĹ磬Ϊʦ¶΢Ц˫ۣ֮С
ţڣ໤֮ϥڻԣ˫ֲϵһӡǴǻУʹûڵȸ˻Ӹ߰
ԴʱǻеȸԽԽ죬ɢ־Խɲǣ͵˫ۣһͺȣ
һͺǶĶУͬ䣬˴ϥ͵վкȻ֮ŨȻ޷һ㡣
۱Դ
ֻڵɲǣһɻȻ죬ȴתȸͻȻһ٣ֹͣͬʱȸβëȼգһƬâ˸䣬˫ȵӡ
۳
һĻǶۿ˫ۣɫͣһۿԴۣһĻԸĪ컯Ϊպ俪һ·
·ԭģ˿̣ȴԽӵ
ҿḶ́ؼ֮ܿ˼ΪҶ࿴ˣɫ¶Ϊûдﵽսٳڣߴ֮Уڵڰ˴ΣھŴ٣ȥȹûаտԶȹһĻ䱾Դı仯޴
һĻƼ򵥣ʵϴ˿ֳܵѹȴһ㣬ͷڳˮǺˮһ־̻һƬˮȫʹͬڣ֡
ĻԴͲ۳Դţ޵ʮ֧һػ꣬ڵĻ־
һеһУʹֵĻԴӵԼ־ʹ־Ҫţ޵Ļȥ֮Ĳٿأ
ֱ仯׳󣬷ʹ֣۱ԴͷۣȴǼΪѣ˿ƴȫҲֻ۳˫ȵĳ̶ȣ
һɻʱţ潥Ϩļӵ֫ȸһȴۿɼٶȣĿή
ǻ汾Դɣ˫۾һһֱ·أɲǾ̤˵ɽϣ̧ŵݺݵһ
һ֮£ֵʶȻ˳ɢأ˳Ŵأܷӣǧʮǧֱ޾
ֵһ½˷չʶӴķΧţ˵ֵʶҲֻǸ˲һɣɵӶ
ķΧȴ޵ĽӽĴСⷶΧڣһһʮػ֧ػ
һʮػ֧꣬ҳһִĴ͵̧̧ߣغ䣬زǱʶֵķΧڣеĵػ֧ȫ
һĻǴӸ߿ĪͨȥĿ޾Χڣһɽͱһػ֧Хȥ
ǲһƬƬƽԭִѷ죬ҽ
һɲǸɿݣӵбһ裡
˷޷㷶ΧĴأһһʮػ֧꣬һɲȫȻǵӣѰʿΨһЩͨ߷ɸܡ
˿һʮ䣬ƱһĪǣӸֱ֮ض
Ⱥ裬ǵٶȣԶԶʿسɴһ㣬ֱӾͳڵС
ɫͣһĻ˺
һҪһ㣬ȴ޷ڤڤгֵĻ־òϷǿҪϨĻڡ
־Ĳٿ£ǺȻٽ
־ӵУԼĻԴ־⣬֧ȫҪ־ٿأ
֮춯أȴһʮػһɻУʹȼڻû˫ȵȸٴη˾˻
˻һɻ죬ٵһʮĻԴ֮Уȸĳ˳ӡǵ˫֡
ֻ֣֫ʣͷ­ֵĻ汾ԴͿȫ۳ˣ˵ǾˣҲͬܵ۵Ѷȣ˰Ļ汾Դ֮Ȼûȫ۳
һĻ־塣
ѹֱԴ˺ۣ̫ѣԽѾԽҲΨ˵ӣ͹ԳԴ𺳣
ߵԴߵԴȫ۳ˡ൹ȥ
ɽϣ̧ͷһɻڵȸѾ֫ܶ࡭
꣬ҳҧ֮£˫ͬʱأһ֮£һ¡¡ľ죬ͬʱʶķΧڣͬķ򣬴ɼΪǿ
֮һƬ겻ѩɽϣ˿ɽ𶯣ѩ˲ڻγ纣ˮһĲˣֱضȥȴû̫ԶȴȻڴŴУһƬգǰڣһػֱۣԶĵطڣ
֮˵һƬ½⺣ˮţްΧ˺䣬Ǻһصɽɽӣͬһ
˿ɽ䣬ˮ޴мٵת䣬ɽһʹú溣УһɻĲɽɢˮһ˴󺣡
⺣ûаϵʵϣÿһκˮڣ̺޾ĻԴǺպһʱɫĺˮɲǳΪ˺ɫȻ׽
׽ֱ֮Զڵضȥ
һ˵ʵȴ˲䣬˫ִĢ́ɲǣ죬꣬Х
նȼճĺۼöɫ䣡
̧ͷ˫¶⣬һԾֱȥ
࣬ᣬǣһʱֻ䣬ֱǺˮ׽֮
ɫ仯ҧ֮һԾȫϹȻľͷһꡣ


1816 
Ϊȹߴ٣ܻĿսٳڣȻɲ⣬ֶ࣬Ҫô۷Ǽѡ
˸Ը䣬ΪĿ죬Ϊ˰ͽ֣˿̳֣ǿͨȴϹһ֮ԴȻɢ
иһӽ࣬ʱȫһƾһĲҽУֱӾʹպȻ£˴ϣвϵŭ𣬿ȴ޷ѳ
̾лƲܿƵɢҪһ㡣
һĻɨڶ֮Դµʶûȥֳ࣬˷ֳһ˿ʶ⣬ȫ׽ϡ
ȫɢŨŨ£ٽĹУصϢĦȼգʹ˴ĺ̹ȥǻ꣬һ
ǱƵĻֵ˲䣬һͷ׷Ʈǰһȥ̧֮ǰһӣѪһȴѪƾճ֣һѪ⣬£ն꣡
һն֮£ɫ䣬䣬Ѫ˻꣬ͬʱǻʹܿѪһ
Ѫ̫˺һɲǣϺɨһ˻УȴǻȻͱѪɨնһأ
죬ȥһӵĻˣ˫ۺһ˿۱ԴĹؼ˼ǰһȥһץͰһץһףһɻڡ
ǻһ꣬ʱٴξȻ֫ıԴʱ۳ļ
磬һ֮¾ǧɣɲǳ˺еϿգˮ˵ûһԴȥͿѹ꣬һ죬ͬϬ
˿ǻϿգȻ̧𣬽ɴɢǽһʱòԶĶһ
ͫڣӳУǱƵĽӡ
˽ӡһ֣Ī˵Ƕ࣬һײе˫Ŀ¶־֮ɫԸˣǱֳ˿ڿǽӡ󣬵һӦߣһΣ˲ϢɣԶԶȥֻܿһڵ㡣
ɫƽԶӶݵĵطһָ̽ҵ˸УǽӡХֱԶȥ
ָͲȥתǱѹһ
תһ˲䣬Զһʹô𶯵ĺ죬ŽһԶȥĽӡɲǺХƯߣǽӡڣĴһСĻз˻
һĻǶľ
Ǵķҿ˵ɫȻǻûʩչȫգգۣæ¶΢Цֱȭ
ϲѻ꣬ⱾԴȫ۳ˡ
΢΢ҡͷû˵̧һǽӡʱ걻һŽ⻷ƶֱһɻȥ
ǻһ꣬ڻ䣬ȴӵ֫ıԴۿɼٶȣ
۳һȴǽϨļüͷһ壬ɨ˶һۡ
಻˵Ҳ̻࣬⣬̧һָǱѹ꣬˻Уֱһɻȥ
ɲٽһ˲䣬һɻ򱬷ǿڵĻ汾Դ˻£ɢȫߡ
һ꣬ٴΰȻֵıԴĲۣڰȫ۳
˿ڵıԴ߱֫߱Ψͷ­ȸӣЩ졣
Ѿ˼ޣһɻȻٴαΨͷ­ûתڡ
Ż߽⣬һɼΪǿѹûȫɹıԴɢְ˷Ƕ벻Զѹһ壬ľ
Ϊһ˺ܿĳ嶯˵ⱾԴǿ
⻹;߱ѹһ󡭡¶˿Ҳ۳ԼıԴ
һٰʮ֧꣬޷ȫ۳ԴѶȣʵ̫󡭡ѶȣѹڶУûκһԴԶԴ޷ɣһ߶ܡְ̾Դļѣ˿̸п
ԽҪĻ汾ԴԽ࣬һͷ­֪Ҫٻſ۳ֳУǰɵĻԴǰһȥһƬۡ
ɲǣֵ˾˵ı仯ڣûĻӡǣǳ˫ͫ
˫ͫһּΪĸо
һͷǰȥƶɲǣ̾ͳһӰͬȴò
ͻȻı仯ʱǶ൹
ĪǾǱԴֺ䣬Ӱڴһδ棬ʱҲԶһӰ档
ߵﶼʩչͨˡ
üͷһ壬Դۺĸı䣬һȴӰȫʧٳ֡
߰ɣȥڣҪסһʱ䡣ֿ˶һۡ
Ŵ˻̾ܣ¶΢Цȭĳ֮ѷģұضеӣѰҵػڣŵĳϳȥû͸
ɫ¶ϲŭͷ໯磬ֱԶȥƬɽ£ǵػή
ţڣնȥټ죬Ƕ࣬Ϊ͸ٶȻҪֿϲ٣˿ǰУһɨ˲ͬ˼
˵ʲôΪƿ۷ǸӣȴܽʽͨҺûоȫ
ΪأٶȴͬжΪһ׼ҿٶȣж죡಻ɫİٶХһЩҾԽԽ
Ҳ̫ԣ΢һЩͿԣϾһҪȥӴǴ𡭡Ҳҹ֣ۿ޷ٶٿ죬ҪŻٶ֮ʱȴ˫ͫ͵һ
ΪֱĿ⣬˶˫ڡͬʱ̧ǰһӣһƬɲǼ䣬һ˻ȻӺڴ
˻Ϊ̶ãǶ벻Զ˻ɲǣһҪĴ˻֮Уһɾ棬Ҫ˺һ
ʲôޣɫȻһ䡣
Уһӣ޴ĿСɽһȫɫ̣޲Ƕľ
ŵѣٶ̫Ҫϡֻڣǰһȥ̤ϣǰһ壬գ۲Ӱ
֮죬öٴκȻ


1817 ţ
ԶȥȻûӰ¶ɬ޲ܸԼһƵӣѹĵĺȻչȫٶȣȥ
Ϸڶ࣬Դڶ࣬Ҳ񱳾˺ıԴǲãʱȲá಻ϵİοԼɻǾΪ
̵ģƾʲôӾôǡܱȰԽԽܣ˰죬ûǰֵӰ
֮ӣЩɵ洫һûȡҶһУΪҲãҲãԼõģ˵Ȳô࣬˵һУҸҶ϶Ǵͣߡöѡ뵽Ĳƽ⡣
ֵ֪֪ǧ޵ļ˿ûаƽͷΪڶ磬ǧʱ䣬̰ǵˣҲ޷߳磡
ʱţת۾ǰ£Уͣ˼Σȶϡ˰£ӣû˿ƣýɱκٶϼΪֲǶ඼޷׷
ڷл½ϢʿһɣһٶԽԽ죬ǰУҪֹ
ںɫΪǱµʱ䣬ͬûЪϢϵؼۣÿοֲƲ֪˶õӣƲѡ
޵Ŀ⣬Ǵ޷šһޣӵٶߣȴǲ
֮ǰóǽӡڿˣв׷ϵֶΣɻǹ׷ϡ̫ˣЦ
ֹգڶоƣ˼޵һ죬ңңĿ
Ųڣ࿴ߺǴݣ治죬ʼޱֿ֣ûзɹδӣ಻֪˵Щʲôˡ
ڶٽڵһ˲ڵĵӷ׷״Ӹ̧֮߳ͷգûбӡѹϣһա
ԭΪסأɿɫݵһĻȴһĿɿڴ֪ʲô
ǴŸʲôϷֿѣλϷѣǲڴæϷȥл˫һɣɨһЩڵĵӣһ˦Ͱȫɨ
ѣ룬롭¶΢Цǰһӭ
ͻȻıʣвڵһɫŹ֣֮񣬴˿̷׷׳ĬӭˣȥԶźɽ
йŹ֣Ը񣬲˵رҲ࣬ӣֻ˵ˣ涼ΪɵʶŻΪϱһ֮ǰʧȥ˫ۣ˿»ָӣĿһķ
п˽֣ȴСϣ໥ۣ˴ĿеĺȻ
ڵҲ˵˵һ·ȥ˺ɽ˵˵Ҳٻɽ廹ڣڶɡ
ڣΪݻͷ­Сҹⶴ̧֣ͷȥͬǿһ㣬ڸǶʯңչصȵʿ֮ȫӦоС
ѣ˵ؼªסգɽ޽úٻЪϢƼ΢ЦʯΪѾܺˣǺʯ̳ɣǿϢۣҹҲǷƷǿյӣ˸غƵ
ǵڣݻֵһУȡ
пɡɨһۣϥһԣ࣬Ȼڡ
ŵѣĳޣ֪ţڣǵػںδţ̫ʶ޷ȫʱҲڣҪһʱϸɡ
һִ˻֪Է˼һϥֶ棬ڡ
ţ𣬴޵ǻһƬƬһ󷨣ѹһͷ֮ţţӵĪͨ½֮նɱ廯ţޣԪѹǻ¡
Ǵţ֮˲鿴û
ǻһţ˵һػ岼ãţ徭ҪѰҵǵػ˵ǻţȫһᴩľ
ڴţһ֮أ˵һ仰ʱȻС̧һӣһƬƷܡ
Ϊݾʮ֮һǿڶ࣬Ī⣬̸۴ʱҪһЩԷһǽ˵
ұԴл𣬶ڵܽÿȥʱڵĻ涼ᱻ޵ѹڴڣһɼǿ־֣ʹһлڣҪ
ҵķӦþţ޵ػڣڴУлԴﵽ˼ǿ̶֮ޡ
һ֪ŵ棬ţˣΪӵкһıԴ˵ţˣɫ¶־塣
˫Ŀһס֡
ҵΪڴֻΪųϣиͬǰǴųϣϵټųݣڲŻܵӻ
ӵдͷ˵űضΪϱҪػǡ޵Ŀڡ
ɫ糣ڴţֻ֪ˡ
˵ӣΪɺ贡ɺΡֿࡣ
ɺΣɫһ
ɺ֣Ǵŵĺĵӣ֮Ϊ˫֮һʶ
˵Ŀ¶˼һת
һأҲţڣΣʱϾΪߣ֪ȻȲ֪࣬ࡣ
һںǿѹһͷʮŵǻ仯ˡһЩһݷĵӣΪܸߣʾףţڳϱ⣬һ֣
йӴ˲뵽ãݷһɨ˰˵һĻ
˵ݷ⣬ҵһ飬˵ؼ޵ǧ꣬Ϊɲ⣬ݷ⣬ǰҲҳǶĴ콾ǰҲɽΣ
µʱȾˣɣȴǺĬϣһҲûгԽ͡
ѹ꣬°˳м٣ϷͲţˡǶ˵ţûпŴ˻˫Ŀһľ⡣
ǧ꣬ݷﲻҳƳ硭
У塭Ϊȥˡ˵˵ţȻһ٣ʲôʶգգ۾֡
ͫһΪ󵨵ͷͻȻԺڱŷͷֵĿ⣬¶ɲ
ţ޼Ȼеػô⸽ڣǷеطֱ֮ܿǰĻ⡣


1818 Բ
ĳֻȥޡ޻ޣΧֻݵһѣڣûڡ
£ʵǲ֪¿ԴΪڣһЩ֪Ҳ˵ϾΪʮ֮һڵһмȫ֪ɣһ֡ҡͷ½ޱ޼ʣһݾͺȫȥһͬţڣ߹ޣ㲻ˡ
һͷг˼Ƭ̺Ŷ࣬һ㣬쿪ڡ
ڣһޣ
ڣɫһ꣬˵
ͬǾʮ֮һǶƫʥڡŴڼΪأе
˼󣬱¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫǶϳɾܿףæˣǰĵ
ѷģϷͷȫ֮Ѱҵػ֧ڣȡ֮꣬ڵѡ
ȥ֮´һ֮һʱ֮䣬Ϊ׵ͨʿֱŲڵӣλɢȥ
ǱľͷͷӡĳϣҲųĻᣬѰҵػ֧ȥˡ
ֶϥΪݻĶڣҹĹâ֣˿һƣʵ
˫Ŀ˼ʼմڣԺ֮ǰĻ
ױԴҲ۳ԴſɡܰȫϣǶڵĶٳϾ߲յļ䣬һЩ󡣡
ױԴҪ֮ΪӴ󡭡½Ȼеػôض
ҪģǻԴۡ˵ãǴţҪȥһˡüͷ壬һȻѺ
˵ǴΪɲ⣬ȻҲ˱Դüģ̾һ
ΪǲҲûз¶⣬뵽˹һڣϾ֪ԼĹϵ
ܿ죬־ͷѰһڰͷͷδֵ֪̫࣬ԸҲԸ¼ٽ֮ˡ
ҪԼѶȣسɴ½ʩչҲûпܡֳб˫ۣȥ뱾Դ飬ɢʶѰسɴ˵ķ
ͨ½ִ˺жΪҪһ»ãְջᱶ
ʶɢɢ˶֮ܵ䣬ƾγԣʼ޷ȫضȥ
࣬Ҳֻһ˿ѣһ˿ںϣ޷Ųƶȥֻܶ̾˲ƶߡⲻҪġ
һεĸĤڣֹںϣĤ½ķһεѹѹ£һ˵ʶͺѼȥ
ﲻ񶴸磬ڶأûǲĤҲûǹѹʿֻҪܸسɴˣ󶼿ضߡ
ѹУʶ벻ȥȻ޷ںϣʩչسɴ硣
ףѹֻԼ½ȫˣʶǶΪҲ޷
ΨΪٸһЩﵽһ̶ȵ۷󣬲ſǿмѹڣƶȥպֳ˶Σʼջ޷ɹ
ûзֵԸһˣԽǼѣԽǿԼľġʶڱ仯ϵͼѹڡ
ʱţתۼ䣬һ¡
һµʱ䣬ͬչأʶȴǺХУʹòصĵӷ׷ײҿɽ
ʼڲڣʶһɢʱãҲ󲻳ֵڸʲô
ֱյĹ۲ŻȻֵ˼
ҪʶأںϺַŲơǲܵġ˲ƿַʽȻҪԶԶ˲Ƶľ룬飬ΨЩΪ˿ս۷Ϲǣ˽ܶ࣬ΪԿѹſҡͷҲͲȥ۲ֵľٶ
һµʱ䣬ڵĵӻѰҵʶΧĵػ֧ڣĸϣҲ޷
ǻڼŸԶΧѰѰҡ
ʱţϥʶһһΣ֪ƣһ㣬ϵ糢ںϣһʧܣΣʧܾʮΣ
¹ȥԼǵó˶ٴΣɽɡ
ĸµʱ䣬ѾвڵĵѰҵûпήĵػ֧ĵӣѰС
ִŵĳԣسɴ磬ҪҵĻһϵ뷨ɡ
ѾϰֵʶڲڵأŶԷÿ춼εĳԣƲĵӣ˲м
ֻ¶⣬ĵĲмȴԽԽŨ
ǲܵ飬̫ǿװ˷Щʱ䡣ô򵥣˶ˡ
ΪƫƫҪˣ治֪οص޴ҡͷ
ʱһΣ£
ֱչĥͨѾ߸µʱ䣬һ飬ϥ˫ͨ죬Ѫ˿ʶŷꡣ
һĻ۲쵽ɵЦ
治֪ò˵Բдأ㷨࣬ҲµľٶȴĺԲ
ҵҪ׼Զã޷ɹʱʲôӡȴǼʡ
ôҶûдءѵϲģ޴֮ˣǲ
߸µʱ䣬ȥޱľٶҲı˶˼ȥƺЩ⡣
ڵĶڣѪ˿࣬߸µʶɢû˿ϢҲЩܲסûз˿̵ƻڲϵĳںϣʵϣڱԼ
׼ȷ˵ַʽ߶޲ʯгɳķ
֮ǰպ󣬾ףԼΪǳʮãҲȻ޷ѹ
ֶΣǾڳɳķ˷ڵ˵䱾Ƿһ֣һʶܷںأؼص㣬ϡ
ֵӦУȻ˯޷ѣҪѣҪǳֶΣʶ߸УֲϵɢʶʹԼƣԪ˿ήĺۼ
߸µһ죬Ԫû˿䣬ֿήۼɲǣͻȻ˫ڣ¶Ĺâ
ͬʱǶ½֮䣬ޱ޼ʵ޲ڵĳһƯеľ޴ʯڣϥ˯ַͻȻһ͵˫ۡ
˫ĿһɲǣڣǴŲмЦ׼ЦĶ࣬Ȼɫһ䣬ٴ¶߸µĺȻ
͵վӣɫͣһĻ˺
⡭ⲻܣ


1819 ɽѩ
Ķͷڳ亹źɽڣ߸µʶڷŵһ˲䣬Ȼʧ
ʧջأӰ٣ںһ
ֱ仯̫ͻȻǶ޷׼ûУſЦ̬һɨУͻȻ
ݵĴͺ󣬶һֱӳ֮أʶɢֱǺɽȥǶںɨһȦɲǣӾҵĲ
ûСûСϥ߸µ֣ʧˡ
ֵʧû˿Ĳ˵Ƥ£ͬһ㣬ûˡ
ⲻܰûе˿վںɽɽϣһƬݣɫΪͣʹ˫ۣĵٴɢʶܡ
һһһ飬ûзְʶĺۼ
ܣʶأ飬δйΨпս۷Ϲֲܵģɫ԰ףеĺȻΪŨȻã߸Լһ
ôڶôҲѰҲ֣޷ɲǣһƽĶ
Ȼһ͵ת˫ֱͫԼһ£ɫݣûаǱվ
ֵƻһֵĲƻصܿͿˡ
㡭㡭ʶ˺󼸲ֵĳ֣̫죬û˿ǶԷڷų֣пܻᱻش
ǴϣɢһصĺɺڵϢһ壬ɢǶĸо纮һ
е뺧Ȼһɿ־壬ʹִ˿ڶУޱȵؿ¡
ûʲôŵӴ󶼻ˣҵ˲ٵ֧ȡطӡһЩ֧ꡭǿѹĵ𾪣æڡ
Ŀ˶һۣĿ£ʶĵͷ
͵ɡֻڣǰһȥһȥص˶ڡ
ֱȥ󣬶˿ɻȴȥʱ磬ٴڡ
ܣӦûأĻȥһͿɡ֮ǰϢʧһ˲ƣû˲ƣ˱ضǲϵʧܺЩҲסʶַʽԽԽȷɫҲƽоЩЦ뵽ԼŵһĻԼŻԼһ
Ҿ˵飬ԲЦƶһ˦ҪȥȻӾ˫ĶַڵƬݵأ۾ֱĺȻӿֳ
Ժںϣͬը죬ǰһȫʧֻǷվƬط
ãɫҰףʶĺ˼ɽĿ⣬¶ֲ븴֮ɫ
Զ֮ǰվһƬݵϣһЩɫĻѩ£ɢ󾧹⣬ڻ
ţޣΨм֮ɽŻɫѩɽڣһصʱ䣬ǶȫۣҲҪԼ¡
ɽ֮ѩˡ콾Ĭ˺ܾúܾãһ仰仰˵һɲǣ߸µһвмȫɢȡ֮ģ޾Ī⡣
ģȻ˿־壬Ϊ޹أǶδ֪أһĿ¡
ɽڣȥմȾĺϥ߸µʱ䣬ڻ޲ڵķ
ѵһɲǣָܵһ˵򣬴ңԶķͨ񴫵ݶԼϵ˲䣬ֵظĤȻɶڴڵһ̣ƿͬʧһ
и֣ɿϸһȴģ֪Ϊķڳɳ֮еԵʡ
һȫ׳йһУֶ
ͬʱǹɰѹҲһ˲ͬڻѿһεķ϶ʹֵʶգۼȫȥ֮ǰǰǿм롣
һУȫΪ
ʶصһֵ̣ʧˣͬںΪһ壬һ˲䣬ҵڶسɴĸоָо˵ѾΥˡ
һУһɲǳ˴޵ɽƮɫѩһسɴ磬ûз򣬶Ϥһ
ز֮ʱȴĴ˲ڵӣĳ˲ںɽ
һһأʱ䣬ǽѩǶҲ޷֪ȥɽ
ոճɳЩӣͿԴǿʱٳһЩҵ߷ǿ֮壡ĶԴ
ǵȥյػʱˣ֮ǰҪȰ֧һܰѻԴ۵ʲô̶ȡԼǾ߻Դ֪ԽǺԽѡ
ͷ­ۣȻǵĻԴģһɻ־
ڰʱݼŵȡصһЩػ꣬һţ޵ͼͼڶطǳػ֧Ĵڡ
ûпֱӾͰЩȡصĵػգ̺־࣬ڱԴ۰
ǵͼȴǶֺãӹֱǣ֪ı֮£޷룬ͬҲȥͨ籨ţϾ֣ͼġ
Ҫģǰȥһڣƽû˿Ĳн²ƻڶǰȻʧһĻȴǱκвĻ𺳡
𶯣ʧó̾һ
ŵ֮£ĳסˣպлᣬر㡣ߺڶ߻
ȥĵ죬ţڣһػĲţƺصϢУҲȵĸоڣһ˿ꡣ
飬ţط½֣ţڸɵע⣬Ҳɳ˴˵ӣ߸ڳֻ̽ȴû˿ϵĵطʱһƬ档
ºţĳƵɽ壬һɣΪߵڣֵӰǺɽ߳ɫꡣ
һҪģƿԸܵϢ޶ĵȴ
߳˺ֻͷһڵɽ壬Ĭ˰죬̾һתȥˡ
˾ͽˮٻ÷ЩתͶ̥ǡȥıӰɪ͸¶
һţ޼֮أֵķΧڣɽڣɫѩƮУһµİ׷꣬վɽĿ⴩͸Ʈѩɽһ㣬ţ֮
վԿԶɽһɫɽֱңңĿ
šǰ׷ૣ˫¶⡣


1820 
Ⱥɽ֮䣬ֱɽ壬˳ɫĹâԶԶһһȼյĻɽ
ڴɽΧвƻصǲƴһû֮꣬˻
ţǿ֮һţ
ɽ֮ϣѩƮ䣬һƬƬֵϣͷϣϣվѩУԶһ
Ŀ⿴ȥǴŵɽƲǺԶʵϣǷУҲҪղſɣ֮ԻĴɽ֮⣬ǴɢĲƣɵӾࡣ
ãֱ˫ۣʶɢģܵǴŵȺɽ֮£һţ޵ĵػɢ֧չţ޵ĵص
ϣһɾ˵Ļ־־ݰַΨŵɽ֮־˴롣
Ǵɽ£ӵص͸ر˵ɽǴŵɽţ˵¶ĵػ
һУΪͨɣ컯Ȼܱ䣬ֻ˵ѡɽ֮
Ǵڣаƣһɨޱ޼ʵȺɽУ˲ʮʿ
ʮʿڶ࣬ȺɽڣȴǲӰ
ȺɽУһɹɼΪǿıԴϢǴһ̤Ĵܡ
½Ĵšȷǿһ֮ͿɺɨˡɫƽĿ¶
ǻԴԵʣֲȥȻµĵػּΪҪǻڰҲҪһ
ӣѾ˲ڻ汾ԴȻﵽһ̶ȵıͣ޷á
һ㣬֮ǰ׼ϾνĴ󲹣ʵʿĵҩƣͬƷʵĵҩһ̵ĶˣЧȻԽԽ٣ֱȫûá
ǿ¸Ʒʵĵҩػ־
΢˫ۣǰһΣϢ䣬ûа㳤ûƮȻɽ䣬ֱŶȥ
߼Ӱ˸ÿһ˸޾룬˲һ㣬ٵĽӽ
ʱ߹ʿҪյ·̣˴ڵȺɽ֮⣬ؼĲԽܼųֹֽ֮ڡ
ϧڴռ޷ȡĻ˵ԽŹšͣŲԶȺɽȺɽеĳɽ壬̾һ
ȫϢȻȫ¶㣬˿ͬһһ㣬ϥºֱ˫ۣȴ
ϥµһ˲䣬ģջһ˿Ʈһԡ
ɣɽŵĽƴΪŵֻ¸һ̾ͻᱻŲ
ҪȥȻҪڵɽ󷨳ֲʱſɡ
ѰʿѡĵڣԴ˽ţַһЩ׶ˣܿƺܺãʵϴл֮һ֣Ȼڻ⼫Ϊ͸
ҲܻǶػͨڡ
һڽ󣬺пֻûȲߣͱ󷨷ݡ
ĳԣֻһΣֲԸð˷ѵԼΪԽƵ⡣
ҪģֻǴֲһɲǡ
ʱһζУȺɽ󷨣һһʮĸӽ󷨲һʮĴΡ
ÿһβ˿ûǲϵع۲죬ڽƵ⣬Ѱ
ϾϣмΪĽƱԴڡ
ûн㹻ʱģƽļ۲ţʱֹ졣
Уǧεĵӽǧε󷨲ƻζģֿ˲ͬ󷨵ĲԵӵݲͬ仯
һʮʱڣֿһǧΪͬĴŵӣϣҲһЩʿеı仯
꣬ÿһŵĵӣɻ𣬶Ϊʢײֲ
ʮʱ䣬ֻûг֣۲ȥֱֹʮһգһĴŵӣٽȺɽ󷨣ȥ󷨳ֲƵһɲǣ˿Ȼ
˿ΣɲǾͳǵӽ󷨵ԣ˿󷨲ƻصǵȫȥһ˲䣬˿Ȼȥ
һ˲ֵĽƱԴɢ󷨵ͬʱǿٵģʮһеӣ̶̵Ϣģ仯ٴϡ
ֱǵӰڳ֣ûаȺɽȥʱ˿ͬ뵽ڡ
Ľ룬û˿ı仯˵һеı仯֮ǰǵĲڡ
Ϣ˿ȺɽƮȥһ·˲ٴŵĵӣһȥҴңûзֵĴڡ
ֺǽƮʱͣ£ȺɽĳɫɽӽԽٽһɵػϢԽĴ
ۿǳɽ廹вԶľ룬ԶХǳŮһˣֱǳɽ塣
Ͼȥ鿴ĳ磬һ·̫ࡣ
ʱͻȻǳɽڣȻһʶȻɽ¼ӣɲǾ͸˴룬ʶΪǿѰʿӵУǶȹ˾Ŵ٣̤뵽˿սٳڵǿɢ
ʶᣬһӵһΪѲڸܵʶһɲǣжϳһŮޣ
ʶɢ̫ͻȻʱ̽Ǿ֮¶ʱͻᱻ֣ʶɨһ˲˿Ȼ󵹾
ʶͬٶȣһɢһˣܿ
ֻǣʶչɨ֮ǳɽΪģɢּԱܿһʱò˶ãͻᱻ
ʶɨһ˲ŵȺɽ̲ƻصʱһĻ仯ִһ
ѵˣ룬˿ʶХۿҪ֣һɲǣּˣƱܣ˼ֱմԶȥ
ٶȣֱӾͳеڣ֮ԽڣΪ޹أΪʶһŮɢֵжϣΪ̶ֳȵŮӣ󶼸߰Եӵ壬Ӧò̫ϸѰϾѰ֮£뿴û
˿ڵһ˲ʶХһɨ
ûֱͣɨԶչȺɽȫǺɢȥȺɽʶɢȥҲٷת
ǲҵĴڣţд֮ʱɢʶϰߡһ𣬻һư
ŸʲôϣҪǵ˸λʦȥʱ䣬ǿɵ𡣡ֳ˼УߵһŮޣȳ


1821 
ɫ˻ңæǣŮӻ磬ųɽȥ
ڣҪȥȻһ״̬֮һͬȥ
ΪոʶɨԵʣǰʱû˿ʶ̲飬˳Ľӽǳɽ塣
ҪٶȿһЩ꣬Ҫȥ壬鲻ãӢȥǰ㣬֮ǰ˵Ů֮ʣԱһŮӣͷǡ
˷ɢǽӢŮֱɽ壬һŮϢڵӣı䷽ƿ˳ɽ壬ȥԶ
ֺԥ˿ɢɲǾǽӢŮϣ֮һͬųɽȥ
ӢŮͿòϻһƴӵ㣬ܿ˳ɽ塣
ɽ⣬ͣڰգǰһƬģĹĻ𵽷ãŮ̧䣬һöɫ֣ҪǰĻһ˲ϵ˿̷ֳһֱȥǰȥĹУչȫоڴڵĽơ
΢ڴƬ̼䣬ڹĻϣֵʶȻջء
ĻһΣˮӣŮǰȥ̤˹Ļڣӽȥһɲǣ˿ŤƱԴģһӣϢģ뵽Ļڡ
ڽ˵صһɲǣ˷֮ɫĻڴ˴ĻԴ֮֮£һԼıԴ׳һ˿
ͬģһΪ˿սٳڵŮޣˣּɵû뿪ŮӵǼϢڡ
ŮƶĻ֮ЩӦһ㺹գٵķɳɽϣһڣȥһΪɹ
ֹ۲֮£ɽڹʮŸһŮûȥ⣬ļ׷ȥɹ
ÿһڣһڶһŵӡ
ʱŮһ⣬վ˿ȻѬĺˮʪȫ
ʦ㣬ˡŮǶ⹧Ŀڡ
°ɡһǶرյĴڴֶУһ

һ㺹ŮóŸɫɢɹڵϵһɲǣ˿Ů뿪һɹҶƬϡ
ǽӢŮӱȭת뿪ɳĹĻʧ
ͬʱⶴŻһ϶һŵϵĽǴŷ϶ڣ󣬶֮űպϡ
ڣһƬӫƣɹڽ붴󣬱һԵʯϡ
ԶһŷµŮӣϥòΪһƣ绪һ㡣
˿üͷЩͳδɣǿǰ֪Щʲô
˿ɹҶƬϣǷŮӣͬ
ãŮ̾˫ۣɣʱͻȻڣһƽ
ɺ贡
ֵɲǣŮ͵˫ۣµָһȻֱ̧ǰһӡ
һУһƬʵƾճ֣ܣⶴȫ
֣ɺܣɫ򶨣֮ǰֵĲȴǽĵ𶯣¶ɡ
ûǿһǱɺ贻ӳǷһϢʹ޷ܵĵ
һ㣬ǷɺʶΪϰߴϸڿȫ棬˿һɹҶƬϣɢ˿Ƿɺ贵ǰ۳塣
þò¶΢Цɺʱʵһɨ
֣ɺãͬ¶΢Ц
ȷǺþòˡû뵽ȻҴźĵӱչʱɢһ֣ʦʱͲʶɨͻᰲȫ
ɺϵ΢Цǿģ֣ǳϣĶֵĸмȴɣûʱɢ
ǶһĻĻѾΪеһ֣֣Ҳܻص磬Ҷ֣ɺ贺塣
ϥһԣ˷ɺ贵Ľͣǹ۲쵽˶Էɫзģɴڣⷯɺʲô˼ֻĳ֡
㻹Ҳã½ҪһЩȥɺ贺Ц֡
ǰһڵݷ㣬յ˵Ӧͽ뵽½ȴδйţΪ˱ʣھ˵غԶĵط
û뵽ȻɺգգۣЦ
;гһЩ⣬һЩܿ㣬Ҳܸˡ΢΢һЦİ½˹ˣȷһѵõ飬ֲɵһ˿С
ʵǷɺҲˣڿֺ֮⣬ϾڶųϵĹϵ⣬Ѿİˡ
˵ɣţҵĶԭģҪҰĵطһᾡɺ֮ǰɫϵĵͳڿֺһɨգȡ֮ϵϲá
ɺ贵ϲãֿԸܵõһ˿ů΢Цһڡ
ҪĵػһܻͨӰ졣
ɺĿ¶˼֮˵ͷ
޷ҿԴȥĵػչ֮أӽػĵطʦ˵ڱչأֻǲʱɢʶѣҶʱ䲻Աչصĵ̽飬Ӱ졣
Ҫҽ㡭ҲɽϡڱʦأӦò߳
ɣȥǵػ㣬˵ڱչأʱ䲻̫̽顣ɺ贻䣬ܿ⡣
Ļֳڡ
ɺ仰ɫ¶ͣЦҡͷ
û£ʦһ򻤶̣зִ硣
ɫأŷɺһȭл
лһҪллأҪ㣬Ҳز½ɺ΢Ц
²˳٣ھȥҪίϡɺ˵ţ΢졣
ֵͷһλ˿ڷɺ贵ڣƤϣһŮʲô춯Ҳ
Ľˣص㣬˿ĸı䡣
ɺһɫָ̧ǰһӣʵɢһΣ߳˶
һ·û˿ͣ٣죬Ŵ˳ɫɽ·һΪӴĶȥӽػʦ𿪱ٳרΪƵһչڡ


1822 ػ
ɺһ·ɽ·Ķڣû˿;мͬţڲǷɺ贺Ҳûϸ鿴
ǸͲΪʦƤ½ҷɺϴںĵӣλ߲˵ĽǱʦأҪ²ӡ
һڷɺ责ͬȻΪ̲˳Ľ붴̤뵽Ƕһյʯ⡣
ʯҵǳɫģɢ޾£ѰʿһӽڵѪҺͻȼһ˵ڱչˡ
׼ȷ˵ʯǴӵػڣٳڴ͵ǵػڴһ
ﲢֻлԴػ־£ˮԴ⣬һʵԴԿ
Ҫǽɻ־ѹγһѹһԴﵽһʱıЧһգѹĴڣ൱ա
ʯң֮أΨкĵӷɽ롣
һ飬ɺٽʱ֡˿վʯ⣬ɺ̧ǰһӣȴǳɫĴŻ¶һͨ˵ķ϶Ƿ϶ֵɲǣһͺѷзĴ
ţһƬ𺣴Ƿ϶ɢһӣŷɺɶ
ɺĿһǻٵ˲䣬ڣһ

һǻһڷɺǰɢɺûԥʯѷһȥֱӾ̤뵽ʯڣ룬ʯҵŻպ
ʯһʳֵһɲǣУһŽ׵ۣԼʮٸȻϥ˫ۡ
ٸòΪޣһ˿ȻĶü£ͷϻһЩǾƬţˡ
ǰĿһɨʶХɽ·ʯȴûȥһɨ֮ջء
贶󣬵һȥչء˵ҲãЩյ顣ٸǷɺ贵ʦ
ٸ棬һò뷯ɺ贺ƣȴֵŮӣŮӣͬϤǷɺΣ
ëһ˫ۣĬƬ̺İ̾ٴαĿ
ɽʯڣɺ贸һ룬̾͸ܵһʱͷڳˮ˻Σʯдһ˷־־Ϊǿһѹ̤ߣ̾ͻᱻѹȫϥϤſɡ
ʯ޷̫Ѿܾûֻ㡭ɺ贻Уһ˿ɳֵӣվһԡ
ָһʱܵ˺Хٽֵɲǣſ͵һʱЩ뱻С
ɫ糣ڵ̻һ˿˿ĻԴȫ
Ȼڣһˣ൱ʮ֧ˡĿһҪģط
ʯң˵زҲ˵Ϊʯңһ״ĵطǽȫǳɫԽǺɫԽӾˡ
һΪһ̶ֳȣ˵عʮɣɸԼҪѡյλáɺôһˮͼʪϥűߣڡ
ԼȥͿԣʱ᳤һЩһһЩʣҲɲ̫Ӱ졣ŷɺһȭתֱ˵
һ֮¾ǶʮɣصһɲǣŨŨĻ֮Хո֣ȴ̱ȫսڡ
ٴһȥ˵ʮɵλãⶴϥһ˫û˿˷ʱ䣬ֱӾͰԵĵϣ
ʱ˵ǵػڣȥ־Դ֮һǿڶĴУνǻڰһ
ɺӰԶȥĿⱻǳɫǽɢĸŤˣã̾һĿ
˵֣˫Ŀ˸Եϵ˫£һɹɻ汾Դ֮Хֱ˫ֶĳڡ
ģֵ屻ϢȫʧػΪһ壬ѲˣʶŻɢ˳崩͸ʯңֱػȥ
ԴֵѾͣٶҲ޷۱ԴҪģȥǵػ־
Ψǹ־Ϊţ޵ػֵ֮ıԴſԳ׵۳
һΣһҪɣ
ʶػڣ˱Դͷ­ȻȸܿЩ죬ɢıԴ֮ǹɻ־ȴǼΪˡ
ʶȥػһ޾ΧڴӴɢɣϢƴ꣬ǵػ
ûǣֻһ־־ͬƵȫϵּѹ
ֱԴ˫ĿһЦвû㣬־ٵɲǣһɢչ˼ٵɡ
־
־
۳ԼģĻ־
УػȻһ𣬽ţΪӴģҪһеĵػ־ȫҪ伷һ㡣
ⲻֵ壬䱾Դ־٣ûֲֳʣ£ͷ­Ȼ˸ıļ°͵λãȸӣ¶Ƥ
ֱ仯־һ
˳־ҵػͷ­ȥգɣ֪ʱȣû˿ԥ˳ĵػֱȥ
ҪҵػͷҪڱŵǿ߷쳣֮ǰۣĻһж֮
ʱһֹ죬ɺ贴ϥ˫ۣѾֵܲĴڣĬƬ̣߳ʯҡ
ڷɺȥûʯڣû˷ֵĴڣһֻʱִ˿ǵص޾֮أһɼѹ־һ߼ۣ־ǵػͷ­ǰжȥʱ٣
죬Ļƻ֮ʱȻ֪ػԶأӴĵػ꣬ͷ­
һԼɴС֮ͷƲϣƾҲŸ࣬ڿͷһ˲ֵıԴХۣɲǾͳͷ­ڡ
ȥɲǣػȻȫһ𣬷һ
Ӵŵ洫ݣػҵ𶯣£ڵɽȻϣɽʯ䣬ŨŨĻ𺣴ɽںХɢ
ͻȻıʣ̾ɽ嶥ϥٸ͵˫ۣɫ仯ʶ˼ɢɲǾɽ壬ɨ֮£ɫ䣡
ôĵӣٸһΣɲǾͳһ˲Ƴɽ·۽룬Ǵһ˦ֱӺ俪ʯҵĳɫš
Ǵű俪һ˲ʮɴֵ壬̱֣˳ŵػֱ·ȥ
ܣٸһɷ


1823 ٸʧ㣡
ɽΪ˿սٳڵŮԼһ飬׼ٸ˲ƶɲǣڵĲԪͽǻ棬ȫɲںϣ˳ػֱԴڶȥ
һ·弲ۣûиܵ˿֮УΪ䱾Դдȥ˴Ļ֮־ĻֵڻԴ뿪޷˻֮
Ҳֱٸʱصԭ
ٸ¶ɷ⣬ĸܵػĲһ㣬ֱ仯ɱ
ҵǰˣֶΣٸֱʯʮɴŲһ̤غ䣬أֱ׷ȥ
һǰһ󼲳۶ߣŵػĳ𶯣ɽҪһ㣬еȫ׷״ӱչڼٷɳڰһɫأǲĳɫɽ塣
ɺҲУ֪һбضйأĿЦȥʲôط·춯صıʡ
ɺҲͬȺڣĿ˸ǳɫɽ壬ȻԼ÷ɺ贡
ã˽ʯ˰ɡɺ贵̻ص㷯ɺε
ҵĽ㣬ҲĪҪſڿӣڣұ£Ҫݣ㻹֪ôɺ͵ת㣬Ŀ䡣
ԶҲ޷ǣڶУĽΪ˲ٿ֣ԼҲڣһĻգĺͬʱҲ˹
ɺγĬûпڡ
ɽ𶯵ͬʱǿߵϢХһɹɿֲʶɽ
ɽֻǴŵһѣڴţ壬ӵʮŸÿһ嶼һսٳڵʿҲԿŵӴǿʢ
Ҳ˵ǵػֵԼٶǰжȥٸȫɷ׷ᡣ
ֻػڣ˿ֱԴ־һˮǰԽԽ죬ٸȴܸţѷӳȫ
֮䣬һʱ޷룬ǵػԽԽȥ
ǵػػӴͷ­ڣ˿ֵıԴȻУϥͷڲ˫У־
ʱȣΣķϾȥ˼ԺΨһͷ־
ɣ귢ʹͷ­ڵֱԴ°͵λȻȫıƤûȸӣָıӣܿ䱾ԴĿڲ¶ֵ˫
ٿһЩһЩֱԴ˫¶ǵػŭ죬ϵŤ̵ֱʹ࣬ܵΣ
Ť󲨶Ű˷𶯴أʹôںƵضɽҡɽǲУȴɽ֮Ȼʯɢ
һƬ𺣺Ȼ֮ʣҪա
˴ŵĸ߶ע⣬ɽһӣǷ׷׺˱ܿ
ʲô飡
ѵǱػɣ
Ȼ֮صԶĴŵӣҲͬ׷ǰ
صı仯ǵصٸȻܸΪǿңɫմ˿̿䱻˪һ㣬ǰӶݵ壬Ȼ̧֮¶ʱһͭžû֡
žƣ֮Ӱ׷ɱˣٸǰһӣǹžɢɹâڸŭȴǾڣɢĺЩƼ䣬һ޴Ĺ
һǰԼٶȣĳȥ
ɲǼ䣬Ͱ֮ľ룬һ벻ֹһڳϢǹͳʮɣ
ֳݣһǱԴڣɻ־һڣٿ˿ǹʮɵɲǣ͵תĿһ˿â
ŵĹͨƤһԥҽǰһһ֮£ǰֲ̳ƣɲǼ䣬ӾӰ٣ɢ˲䣬Ĺָոʧλá
صƬ̺ٸХ΢һ٣üͷ
ǡ˼У͵̧ͷܵǰٴγ֡
ػ˲ƣ˵ҲСٸҲԣ޷˵ػ־˲ƶУܳԾȴҲû̫ϡ
֮ǰһֱû˲ƣȻＴ˲һҲҪĴҵҪ˲ƼΣٸߣǰһӣǹͺûٸ壬ٴǰ׷ȥ
ֵϵؼۣÿһεǹٸҪ׷ʱչ˲һ룬䷽ȴڲ֪Уŵػ䱾Դǰȥϸ΢ĵһ֮һ˿ʵȴȻͬ
ֵıԴ԰ȫĻ£䱾ٸע⣬ʱţɵٶȣӿ
ǲϵУֵıԴ¶˱ӣ
ػŤ޷ֹգΪ޹أһײɡ
ǵػⳡУԲֵĶ֣
ܿ죬ֱԴ˫Ȼ䣬ȸ֮ĿɲǸı䣬˫ĿĿһƬ侲侲УȴǿԿŻȼա
ػ꣬ӴӣÿһжҵĲʹôز졣
ֱԴ˫һͺУȴͷҲȻı䣬ȸƤ
ӡ˫Լͷȫıɲǣڣһɾ춯ص־־ոյȴɿĳɳš
ԶԶһֵͷ£Ȼȫı䣬ΨжͷϻͷȸӣͷȻȸǳȸ
ֻʣͷҵıԴͿȫ۳ĿһٴɣʱŤ̫󣬲ƻصУԶ׷ٸȴȻһ٣Ӱǹڻûɫ仯һҧ
ʧˣ˻зڸⱾҵע⣬֪׷к
Ļ׷ϣػ𶯲ûм٣ԽӾң
ģٸӦɫɷŨһԷ׷ֱػֵıԴＲ۶ȥ
ٸ׷仯˲䣬ֱȻ΢΢һЦɫǴݣ֮±ʯڣΪػڱԴû̫ǰ޷⣬ģҪԴ˷ɢ׷ߵĿ⡣
ȴǳɹƬ̵ʱ䣡
֪ж˻ѱµ֣ʧ


1824 ־
ٸޱʵ»һˣողػı仯̤뵽ʯҺ󣬵һ۾ͿһӰӶǱصףԺеһӦҲǴ⡣
Ȼȥ׷һЩʧĵطϾؼ䣬ˡ
֣ͬ飬ҲɲǼͷӦ֪ǻ֮ơ
ٸ̶̵ʱڲҲѵã׷ֱصľٶֵĸӦУǵЦ
Ƭػ־һΪǵػ꣬һ֣䱾Դ
ڣֵҳˣĿһȥ䱾Դɣһεɣ˵弫ΪشǱԴĸı䣬ǶӶ½֮˵һεĸı䣬ʵ
һΣ²ƻɲǾʧӰ
ٸǰУⱻٶȼ죬˿ǰУȻĪһӲ˼ԱȻһһ֮£һѪХ⴩ǹڣȻȥǰĵػϣ죬һѪ
Ѫϣɢһɷڣ˵һϢ
ڿѪһɲǣٸȻɫ䣡
߽еѪɷ㲻ʿٸ͵תȴѪٴһٸĿ֮ﲨƻصֵӰһ߳
ѪɷĿһįĴУֻȱۣ䲻йѪ٣ֻ֪įŻ֣֪ͣ
֮ûԴǣ̧һָϿգʱ߲֮ػںХɲٽǰһ߲ʳǹ
ǹХֱٸȥ
ٸһ̧ǰһӣĹֱӳ߲ʳǹɶ
ɲУ˫һ߲ʳǹû˿ĵֱֿ֮ӾͱǾ޴Ĺһɺ󣬳֡
ٸɱһǰȥǹֱֶȥ
°ɣػڣֶС
Ӻˣһ˦䣬޵ĽӡХֱǹѹȥ
ǽӡɢǿϢ̺޵һ˿˿ɲٽһ죬ǹĲҽУȴǰɢ
ɣǽӡٸڿӡһ˲ٸ˫ͫ͵һȻͣ
ͬʱĿһӼۺˣʧĵػеͬʱǽڽӡֹͣǰУѪһͬʧӰ
ĪҪ׷¶Դûе⣬ֻҪһͨػһãֵȥ󣬻صܣٸ
ٸվ˳Ĭ
ڷŵһ˲ܵǽӡڴֲĴϢϢ˺ܶࡣ
ãٸк
д͵ķΣѪȻǵһô跨Ĵݾͺ֮ˣ
ŹĴ𣬼ͬǿ󣬿ɻܲ壡жʧ󣬴˱Ĵ𣬵Ҵŵػ׷ɱҲȻҲվϣҲҪɱֻҪֹǴҲ˲ٸૣ͵̧ͷٴγǵػ
ŮԸңΪԸкܴԭײ˿ܱ̾ǽӡ𣬵ܿ¶˾ġ
һ㣬ԶǶɱȡ
ػһλãƾŴ˵䱾Դ־ܵٸж̾һ
̤սٵʿ־ᶨ֮һͨ۵ķ̫ҲգȻˣǾͿ˭ٶȿɣĿ¶ᶨһΣʧӰ
ػͷ­ڣֵıԴϵУ˲٣ͷ­еΨͷȸ֮𣬵˿̣ȴǴͷĸʼ˺ɫ
ɫڹƣһȫɣôⱾԴȫ׵۳
ʱţֵ߱ԴȻȫΣȫ֮Уʱٸû۳ȫʱ٣һΣʧܣ֮
ҪѰĻᣬΪѣ
ıһδεĳٸǰֹǰУʩչͨٸ֮󣬸ţȫǵػ
ʱ䣬ת۱ʱٸԽԽ
ֵıԴ꣬˻Ȼһĳ̶ȣҲ٣ŤҲƽϢ
һУȴڵı֣˫ڣ˿ͻȻ˶ĿĹâ͵̧ͷһǿҵ˻ƽϢٴ
Ӵ꣬ɣɢϻ𺣵˲䣬ۿɼٶȣٵ
ޱ޾ĴСɲǾͻɡǧɡɡʮɣ
ѹΪۣ걬ǿҵһηת۾ͻʮɡɡɡһɣ
£־ͬѹһʱٴκȻѹȻȭͷСһţ
ֵ䣬ǿеļһɲǣȭͷСĻţһεķںХУֱüĶȥ
һ죬ǹüģ֮ںϣڣ
ŽⱾԴһ˲䣬ֵʶ̺Ϊ˷ˣŭ˴ڣһҶ֮
һɼΪǿ־٣ҪֵʶĥҪռ߱Դ־ǵػ־ԼȭͷСĹţķ񣬱Ҫƶһ㣬ֵⱾԴ
Ϊ־壡
־ΪǿֵʶУƻһֻҪ飬־ڴһ벻һ˻𣬷·ս
ģУƿ˹⣬ܵȣȵĽϣͻصĻ
е־ȼһУȼԼһɷ񲣬һ˵֮⣬ȼա
Ҫֵʶȼգһȫճɻҽ
֮ıԴǵȸ֮ģڷҡڣл棡
ǷХСʱһգÿһη֮ʱ𶼻ᷴҵҡΣĻ̣
ָĻԴһ־־Ҳ޵־һ־
ҵ־ĥĥ𣿡ֵıԴȻ˫ۣĿڻзһ˻ڵʶǻ־£ͬ
ͬͬ


1825 ˼
һػڻ͸һɷ׵ľģԶٸɫ仯۶ֱ棬Ŀ˸һǰһ󣬺ХǰС
һ·ٸţչȫ٣Ϊ̫֮࣬޷ֹһʽͨ
ֻͨʼգδʹãҪؼʱ򣬷ӳã
ٸȫٷУֱԴڣԽԽʶɢȻһУٸʶڿֱԴһɲǣȻ䣡
⡭ǡǱԴȻػԴ
ٸһڵ֣ʶĶһ£𶯣ڿóͷϾδԴȴǿΣ
ŵţϣͬбԴٸ֪Դ۵ļ۳ǿΪֻϿԴûȻ˵ڶͬıԴ
ѹҪȥĵطѹҪðսػѹдķҪ
һУΪҪ۳⼫ΪѣǴ˵еıԴٸɫ԰ףб⣬ڱԴ˽ܶ࣬ϣ۳룬ףⱾԴһ۳ػͻһжɢ
ɹٸҧǵػĿήɵƻһļʣ³ɹֱһѪѪںϣɲǼٶȿʮֹתʧһƬ˿ĲӰʶڿֱԴڣ۶ȥ
ֵıԴڷһ־ǽڵĻ־ȻֱԴ־ʱռǻһη񣬴˿Ȼ߽⣡
߽⣬Ż־ıֵ־Ϊǻдɢ־ɲǣԺ̺
źֵʶɢػ⣬ţ޵ĴһֵĴݶ
һ˲䣬ǻвд־һɲǣеĺըʹƱǴӵصǣںһ𣬳˻þ
ǰһ֮ʱȻһƬǿգǿ̫ޱ޼ʣû壬վãȻĿܡ
֪ԼںδãУȻԶһתȥһɲǣ˫ͫȻ
һͷţ
һͷȫ޾ʹǿնҪľ޴֮ţţӴޱȣƿͷǿգ
һ޷ݵĿֲϢɢϢǵأŰ˷ɢ
ֵ壬Ʊһ㣬˼άǿ̶ֳȵޣһδϵϢƱ֮޶ضã
ţֵԺУһ˲䣬ֳ֣Ǹֳ֪ģйţ޵һ봫˵
նɱ֮ţ廯һޣӡ󣬴ţޣ޴ӴˣˣʿǨƶɽţܱ󣬱ʮУţޣ
𶯣Ǵ˵Ժֵһ˲䣬ǿУţϷ˸ǽ޾ǿյͬʱӽڣ߳һŻۣͷʹڵӰ
Ӱһ֣ǿ𶯣һӴ޷ݵ˷ǱϢȻԿʹǿպϣƾˡ
棡ֲȥ£ƾǴ˵һĻĻ̾ϳ⿴ò֮ˣضǴ˵е棡
Ī־󣬱Ǵӵصһֵ뵽ǰӡţʱУ
ţǻŶԣΪǱĿһ𺳡
ǻ֮˳ֺţٴкȫ֣֮䣬ǿţΪģܼٱȥ
ɿֲֿȥĪ˵Լȫʢʱڵ߲Ҳ޷ԿΨޣȫ֮£֮һƴ
ǿյһ˲䣬ǻָ̧֮죬Ȼһָͬʱһϵǿڻ
˼ɵ
һ̴ǻ֮˵ָУһɫ˿ȻɢָȦ󣬻Ÿ˿ԲȦֱţȥ
Ÿ˿ȦڳͣԽԽ󣬽ɲǣȻޱ޼һȻţһ
һȦţ֮ǿպǱϢֱɢڶȦ͸˱⣬ţϣͬʱ߸ȦХһһӡ¡
ţȴ޷ȦѳھŸȦµһɲǣţڵһбϢȻʧӰȡ֮ģһ֮ȼգţ֣ȥͬһţ
壬ΪأΪ飬Ϊѹ꣬
ţһ˻Ȼ³һƬޱ޼ʵĴأǴɽɲǾͳɽص׸ţΪһγɣʱ޾ţɢʹһΪ˵ػ֮
ص·ţĻ꣬ѹΨһĵʱӵصȴ·˿
ֿһУǰģʱǵػڣϡ䣬ƻǿǵصţ
еãûɢֵıԴͷٵı任ȸΧĳΪ˺ɫͷ䱾ԴۿҪȫ۳
ʱⱾԴǰԶһƬѪ˸ɲǶѪһٸڿֱԴٸıͷһɲǣĿ¶ɱ̧ٽҪʩչͨһ»⻹һ˿Ҫȫ۵
ٸ󣬲Ťȴֱһ߳ٸ̧֣׼ʩչͨһɲǣֱ˫Ŀһֱ̧׼һ·ʼպĶһ˲䣬Ȼ
춨أһͨ˼άֵĶǶ
ⶨʩչһ̣ǾٸĽȻһ٣ͨϣȫͣסһ˲ѪȫбƬѪȴûаԥһΣȥٸֶ϶嶨з
ֱ˲ƣٸǰ䱾ԴڣںϣԪͬһ˲УֵıԴͷȻȫı䣬Ϊһͷڷ
һǿϢⱾԴڱˣԴɣ
˿̣ٸ˫Ȼһָ˹
뱾ںˣҲһУٸ𶯣δֶͨĪ⣬֪ġ
仰ֱֶһɲ͵̧ͷ̧
˼ɵ
ûѪȴֶΣ


1826 ֲķ
˼ɵ֮ţĪ֮ͨڱԴڵǲʶոմǻþ뿪ڻ֮У˿뱾ںϺԺֵģֻ̧ʩչƿԻصļ
仰ڵһɲ䱾ԴȻӰԶԶһΪ졣
ǱԴɻɣ֮ʱȵĸʹܵĿռʱŤǱԴڣ̺һɾ־־ǻ־ͬе
̧ٸȻһָǱԴָ̧֣ͬٸͬʱ䱾Դָϣһϡڶ
ܵϸ鿴ѿ壬֮ʱ䱾ԴָϣתҪתһȦӡ
ͬʱһɺƵѹ䱾ԴϺѹʹٸɫһ䡣
ĸܵԼڵѪ˿ȻƲһ㣬ı仯ڴ졣
⡭ʲôͨȻѪ𶯣
ٸ˫ͫ˿̲˼˫䣬ʱǧëУ뱬Щɲǽȫ֣ǧͬһһֱֶȥҪֲֹͨ
ָƶһ˲Ƕ½֮ããУַڵʯڣķȻ˫̧ۣͬĿ¶֮ɫȴɲУָ⣬ƷָȻתһȦ
ͬʱţ޵ػ䱾Դָڤڤиܵһڵе̴ϡʵǧХٵ˲䣬ٵĻָһȦ
һɲһɫ˿һȦָɢֱǧȥͬʱıԴָͬУɢһȼյȦֵͨһͬХǰ
һʽͨ˫ЧǱԴֱǿ֮
ֵȦȷɳ˲Ϣٸȫëɢǧһɲǣ֮춯أص𶯣ܷɢ
䣬Ǿҵһ˻𴫿ȴǧһֲ˻Ȧ£
ȦֱӴ͸ٸǰ˲䣬ٸһ̼ˣҧһѪһߴСѪɫСòٸƣȴԪ֮࣬ٸΪһͨ
СһʱһХγ̶ʩչĴ͸ǧȦȻһ
һ죬ȦͬʱСȻ߽⣬һɾ޴ĳֱٸϡ
ӵеǳ棬˳һѪɫȴûаήңһɱ
ǿ֮Ȼҵͨ¶ԿٸͬˣѪ
һлԶԶûнûǱԴ˿̱ȻƣԴȫ۳ʩչһһȦХ䴩͸˲ֱٸȥ
һĻٸĿɬ˽ⱾԴӵ֮˶൱һԶһ㣡
˿Ȧٽɲǣٸһҧ̧УһɫɡȻ֡
ɡƣɡһضΪ֮һһɿֲϢɡں¡𣬴ɡ
һٸ֮ɡֱӱɡĴ󣬳ſֱӾͰٸڸںʹɡ棬ֱԴʩչȦȻ
𣬴ؾҵĲ棬ţضɽҡɽʹأҲƾ죬һѷӵ汻ǿ˺ѿ
ȦɲǣȴǴٸгſɫɡУһش󣬼˻𴫳˻ɡ鷢
䣬ɡУ˺һ϶Զһⱻٸڡ
ٸΪʹˣ̧ͷУֵĿ⣬ɱŨ
ɫв԰ףǻʩչļͨδ䱾Դ̫ΪȴǿԸܵĵģ޲ڵķ֮
ǷּԺز֮顣
ͨһʩչֻתһȦͿսٳڵٸͥԿתȦٸǶ֡
ֻͨʩչȻǷҲѹֻǿˡ֪ԼǷΪ²Ϊ棬Ƿպ˵ν桢棬ͬĴڡ
˵Ƕͬķʽ񻹲߹棬ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ضԳɳΪֲĳ̶ȡ
ɱﵣ
İ˼ɵֵΪȻֻһξȫգһ㣬Ψд֮࣬
֮ԿʩչһУʵϻйأ˵Ƿֱ𿴵ǰ˼ɵʩչķˣֲʩչ⾪춯أǿţռͨ
ͨȦƣɷţɷһλ𣡣
ֻķԶԶûгɳ̶ֳȰˡ
Щͷһ˿ٸɡջأ˺ֹͣԼĿŨҵɱ
˫Ŀһ̧һģһ֮£ǱԴ̧ͬһġ
ʱػػ̫󣬼ʧȥ꣬ڿή֮УʱҲ޷ȫɿݣ˿һУһɻԴ־ڡ
ػȻһĻ𺣴Ȼһ𺣷Χ̫ڱɲǣŵɽ̺ȼգܶػ˲١
ӡֱ̧ػвдĻ𺣷Ĵ˷۶ֵǰһ޴Ļӡ
ͬʱ䱾Դ̧֣֮ͬ£һΪӴĻӡȻ
ǰһӣһһСӡ¡ֱǰٸȻȥţûв鿴һΣ²ƻɲʧ
𶯣𺣷񣬺¡¡ľƴСţޣʿע⣬Ӱʧһŭ˼޵ŮӼ˻𣬴Ǵ
˿̣Ȼأسɴ֮£˴⣬ɽ֮ϡ
ԴѳɣΪûб仯ʵȴǱһ˵޷սٳڶԿȴԱ֮ΣʩչɣڼǼҲǲɱһսٴܡֻǴۣЩ󡭡ɽϣĿһ²һҪȥ
СѣҴͣҪôһϵȻƶ


1827 ĸ֣
ɫû¶˿⣬ް㶯ݣ·֪ᴫϵһֵһ˲תȥ
ȴɽѩƮУһŵ۵İ׷ߣǷѩУϥѩϣԼ
ƺܾ֮ǰȴһ·ǰ֪ڵػŲƣڴ˵ء
Ŀ峺͸޾ǣ֣ƿԿ͸ֵġ
֮ʱҲڹ۲ߣͫ΢ɲһܿͻָȥ͸һɱԴĺۼȻ䱾壬һ߱Դ
ֵһοԼ⣬˵ıԴ
ߵݣڴ˿Ȼ֮
ţˡɫƽȭڡ
ıԴԻϷһţ˵ıԴ֣ڡ
üͷһĿһ̳һӰӰɲʵ˱Դһţ˵
߱ԴĿһɲǣţ˵ıԴȻվͬʱһɿֲϢɢɽѩХ
ȷǱԴϷһԼ⣬ĵӵ֮ˡ
ֳĬûпڡ
ְɣţ˵ıԴͻȻ˵
ɫƽƶ֪Լ֣Ҳû⣬ɺ֪Լôŵ֪ҲΪˡ
ĳִݿڡ
Ӷ֮߳ˡȻ򵥡ţ˵ıԴ̾һ
ǰ߱Դ֪ԺֱԴ۳Ŀһʵ
ţ˵΢΢һЦֵûзУЦϷԺԴۡǺˮף
üͷһ壬ϸһۣãڡ
ˮ
ţ˵¶΢ЦֵĿ⣬ε͡
ڵһ̣Ҿ֪ˡҿɽ뷯ɺɣյػ
Ҵţ۳ԴҲҴԵԵ֣ͲȥҴң֣ΪҴųϣΣ
˫Ŀһûпڡ
½ǿɣĻҪĳһɴͬˣɳȥ÷Բͬ⣬Ҳѡһ죡
ҴΪݾʮ֮һΪŵĳϣϷһɽ壬Ϊ㶴һУȫӦҴŵĵֻҪﵽѧϰΣţ˵֣ڡ
ţ˻ڲκв֮ֻٵ˵ػٸ֣ŵػȼյȵЩ飬˿ȥ⡣
ԽǲЩ飬ԽǿƲ⣬ֱԽףεѹֵɫȴ糣һƬƽ׼Żõػ֮ʱͶԿܷһ飬жϡ
棬Ȼжţ˵ķ֮ǰԷֵһ˲䣬ֿԷûֻѾµ˶ԷĿġ
Ϊջ֮ģ֮ǰ˵ֻ֣ԤȶѣûóֶΡ
ɳĬţ˵΢΢һЦٴοڡ
УϷǶа֮ˣΪǶбԴҿԸ㣬йرԴİء
ֵȵľ仰ĿȻһǳĬûгԾܾͬ⣬ǿţ˵
Ҹһʱ˼ţ˵̧ǰһӼ䣬Ʊ۵ɫѩʱ۶ǰһ֧ɫѩ㣬׶ȼڻ޶
ʱţʱѩֻʣһ룬ͻȻڡ
֪뿪ʱض
ҴһͨΪܵԴܣ顭½ڶ࣬ж֮䣬жַ壬ԻʳϵʦΪһ
һܼ֮ϣԿŹеλʦ
ҴŵĻֻܵԿžص㲻ˣǸı㵽Լ
ѧҿԴ㡭ʱҪˣڵľţ˵Цڡ
ֿһֻʣ²ѩ㣬ĿһͻȻһǱԴͬȴֽ²һΣӰɲǼʧɽϡ
ͻȻľٶţ˵ûֹɫû˿仯ʧ΢΢ҡͷ
ȼǰ浱ǨƵţޣѡػڽʱ˵֮ˣģΪҪͨϢûй˵㲻ǣȻǣôУ˫ۡ
ѩ㣬ǲ࣬ڻš
ţ޾ɽԶֵ֮ΪһҵһƬֵɽϣճִƬŤһվ˰С
˵ɽ򣬴չޱ޼ʣţڵ͵ĵò
ܵǷĴڣһԾ֪Ŀһɨһأûв˿쳣⸽ܴ˲飬ȴûһв
˵ط󣬺ХɽڣʹҶ죬
תҪȥһɲǣͻȻһƿһЩʲô͵ĵͷ·ɽ͵Ĵء
غѰƿʲôͬ
ֵͫȴȻһɺëĸо̸֣Ǵأ̧һӣХɽľҶҡڣ˲Ϣ䣬ɽҡڵĿһ֣
֣ܼ򵥣һ
Ĭ֮Ŀ¶֮⣬ٴһ֮£ʧӰٴγʱȴ˸Զӽ˲ڵķΧյһ꣬ĵط
ǻֵĵص㣬Ҵδȥһ֣кֽܶ͵ķĵطҵҪܲܳ漣Ӱջûֱӿء
һ֮£ȴӾԺںĶŵ档
ɽͣػĿήһѷ죬Щѷ죬һ֣֡
ڸ߿տȥɲִ֡ڣãֱ˫ۣȷϵÿһѷ죬ǵʱǺ˹ճҲ˵һУȻ֣
ĬٴһһΣûѡĿ꣬ʶŲƣʧ֮һԼҲ֪λţĳлû
ʶɢûпκּ·һĺӵҲѰּ
ɿܿ죬ɫһ·ĺϣһϵʯŲ棬ʯɣ֪˶ã˿Ѿ̮˴룬ֻаߵĲֻڣﻹһּģʯдʯŵ֡
һʯԣһۿȥӾ
šૡ


1828 ųϣ
ֹ
ĸ֣ͬɣ˸֣ƻк֮ӣǲԣһ֮˺
ɫ仯ǲʯ˫ӿâ
Ȥû뵽½ϣȤ顭ܼ㣬⻯£ͨȷ˼
ţԵôĿг˼֮ɫһ
֪ŲΣֻЩʲôҲԣŵţҲãǰǿҲգ˭Ȼһţȥյػ
ңҪԵֳĬƬ̣Ȼ¶΢Ц
˾Ҫƿܼ򵥣ΪҪأҳΪϣͬҲţ˽½˳һ²ƻɲʧӰ
ɽѩƮ䣬Ʋ֪ƣһǷеѩһΣգһ˵չһ
ѩУţ˵ϥ԰׵ͷڷһһ˿ûƮΪ졣
ǰѩɵ㣬ڻֻʣһСڣò̫ãͻȫڻ
ʱ䣬֪оˡ
ѩȫڻһɲǣͻȻɽϣһƬƬѩһ𣬻һתУڣֵӰһ߳
̤ɽĻѩһ̣ѩڻʧˡ
ˡţ˵˫ۣ¶΢Ц
ǻܵĹţ̧һץĹ˸Уһöɫ͸һɲɣϢһ֮̫̫á
ּ䣬ţͲֵѡ񣬱˦ֱ֡
̧һѽסһɨɫƽн
߰ɣǻشšţվɨϵѩŲǰһУ̱һɲǳ¡
ֿһżתţţ˫ţʹȻɲֱԶ
ɫݣȥδأǻ磬ţԼٶȣʧ֮䡣
ڣ֮࣬ǰػӵ壬ֻ֮һˣվڸ߿գɽ޾һ߷żһЩɽ屻ƣɭɭ
һЩ޴Ĺ˻γɲƣܻ
ʮ壬˴ŵĵͳţ
֮䣬еľԶеܽ໥֮һɽڣǴĻ¥㳡ԼĶ
ŵʮ򣬾Ӵڣͨŵͨڶ࣬䱾Ĵͨ⣬ŻһУҲõ˲ŵĵУΪµѧ
˿̣ǳɫ壬ɫȫı䣬Ǻ죬һƬϣдѷ𣬿Ʋ
˷ٸΪɫͷɢң޾ŭУʱԱ
ţԶٵһɲǣ̲תĿһʱɷ
еΪʦȥɱɽӣһΣһֱǰʮĵæϣǷɺǷɺΣȻڡ
ԶԶһʦͽʮȫŮӣˣ˿̷УǵӰǰһˣֱ⣬˿ٵţ
ػشţɫɣȴǲͬһǱڣһΣȴ
һ·ţû˿̿ԶڣţҪ˵Ȼüͷһ壬ִ˿Ҳͬȴһ޴÷˴ǴںХǷͷһٸٸռ˿ȴǱɷȡ׷ɱֽػ֮Ů
Сɽ壬¾ܰݣٸͲţ˵ĻᣬΪܿڣԴأҿӸͲǱܣǿһ
ʶ˿̿ڣͿסĻ棬ҪֹҲҪһͣϾҲǴŵĳ֮һ
ﲻվļƣһ˳Ǵкĵӣһ̻Է͵Ƿһұӿ͵ǱƵ޷ڴš
⼸൱˺һ
֮⣬бŪǷӰӰΪӴ󣬸ѹɢ㣬Уһɼơ
ƣǸĳϣһЩ佻ߣ׷ӦӸɽڷɳ
ΪĿ£վ˵ϣ棬Ҳȡᣡ
̶̵ʱ䣬ľٶ̺ôĻ˼ԿŮ˿ХУڶദϣһǿϢȻ𣬻һӰֱ˵ض
һӰΪȣߵĴﵽ˿սٳڣ׵ҲпΪ
лܻشСҿôӣһΣֱֶ￴ȥǾٸ˷ͷ­޴ӣɲٽԼ
ԶԶһһĻǻһ
һɿսٳڵΪ𣬴ǷڱֻΪЩȣڱһɲǣЩӣȻٸ֮ǰһսֶδˣټϿɽǱӣŭģûüˣͿֳ֡
˫۾һûкˣЦЦʣ˷Ȼ׼ţΪųϣô
Ҵ֪ԼԶ磬ұضҲ֪ԼĵѪһֱ㲻أǱƺҪǵ⡣
˾ϣǰһȥ̧ȭ͵һȥ
𣬱λ
һȭգʹմ¡¡ĻΧŤƻһ޴УٵתתУתתΨֲ
תأŤУڳֵһɲǣķҲǣŤǷӰҲƱҪһ㡣
ʩչͨӭսսϹսϹΪͬǿսٳڣٴʩչͬˣ
ֵɲǣٵųϣһɫͻȻ仯Ҳ˫ͫ͵һֲǵһν֣ȴδʩչ
Ϣ
ǹŹ֮޵Ϣˡ˲֮ޣ
ǹŹ֮ޣ
ţüͷһ壬̾Ȼ̧һӣʱһɺƵ֮ػûܣֵĵϢȫڸǣʹ޷ܵõ
ɽվգӰͦΣһͷ׷ƮϣȭͷȻһգȭƣǰһӡ


1829 ţ꣡
һӵɲǣǷӰʱţŤתУһȼյķȻ֣γ˰ͨݺᣬ̹
һ˻ڴܡ
ǰδֹǻתͬ籩ֱǳȥǷ籩ڣ֮춯ء
һĻĻĴųϿһɫΪ̫ͨˣǣڿһ̣Ҳľ֮С
ǴĹŵͨ㲻һ
ŵͨ󶼲һʩչϣǶһһ̱֮˵ݣ̫УΪҪء
ΪѰͨ£ҲҪ˰ܡвͻ
Ź֮ˣ˵֮ض
ͷɢңǰɵķ籩ڣǰһȫ谵˻ڶ߻ƣ޾֮Ҫ塣
һΣȻ
ʲôˣ֮ǰĻȦͨ;ˣû뵽ȻĿֲͨ룬ҧһѪǰһӣѪץУݺݵһ
ᾫѪŹӢƿգù̺һɴ͸֮籩˵ĶС
ȴѪҺһѪɫָڼɢȻ䣬ѪɫһγһɫѪ·
Ѫ·޾գ֪ͨδһƵĵͺѪ·䴫ɲǣȴѪ·ƱһĿռ䣬һѪɷϢ޾ԩӰĿռڣ˳
̤Ѫ·ϵһɲǣɫ䣡
ǵھ棬ùȻ԰ѵھʱ߱ǿȵ־
ھƺйıڻϣɱ¾һнʮڵ꣬ƾǿߣ
ھ浱Ϊﵽ۷֮ʱսһʧܣɱȴӢʶδ꣬š
Ȼ֮ⱻѪɷϢӰѪ·ֵһɲǣڻ
ѪɷӰͷ­òҲģһƬѪɷ֮ȴǾ춯أڳֵһ˲ֻǰ߳һ
һ£غ䣬һɷѹܼɢķ籩Ȼ޷һ㣬Ҳһ˫¶⡣
ŵĵȻˣⳤϵλã˵ôڶ࣡ǻܵù飬ΪǿұҪѧǣĿһǿֲɷѹ£˳ϢȻ𣬶ʱֵһ޴ĵӰûӰɲʵΪ棬ҴŹϵףŵӣȻ֮ݣ
˺УһջأʳָǰȻһָ
ħ涯
һָ֮£ɫʱٱ䣬ĸܵԭ˿̼ٵתһ֮⣬ȫ
ħһָ䣬ֱӱһŨŨƣ飬һָУΪһ֡
纣Ƶ֮䣬⣬һƬ˻ְ˷
ͨ£ٵĴųϣһɫ仯Ӳ˼׷׺ˣΨЩΪ֮ſվԭأͬɫء
ֵĿ⣬¶ļɵ֮⡣
ɲ֮࣬ԶԶûнӴڼܵͬʱֵĶߣٴһӵص˻
˻ţ֮𣡣
ϵĴ£ӡţţʵѾ״̬أ֮飬걻ѹǹɲ֮⣬ȴʼմڡ
˿ħתУǴȻһɼΪӴԾأ̵𶯼䣬类һƬڸǣŨĳգں£ȻֵǰһӴţ
ţɫ˫Ŀͨ죬һɲ춯ء
ţһȫ𶯣ܵĳϷ׷һ¶޷֮ɫ
ţ
⡭ѵţȻûţ֮Σ
ⲻܣôˣ
Щڣԭûг֣ʶƲ鿴һЩϹ֣˿ҲǷ׷һ𣬴ӸԵɽڷɳտǾ˵ţ
һЩ򶷸޷ۣΪϹ֣Ҳһ̣ҲΪ֮
һߵɽڣϥһߣߵӣţһһݺ֮ţ˱
ŵ˫Ŀ˿Ȼ¶ļ
ţ˵֮ˣǰ֮Ǩƴŵţޣ֮ѡػΪһ壬һжҪһˣ
ˣţˣԶ磬ˣ
½֮ˣԶ磬˵ĳ̶ֳϣʮ·ӡʮޣΪƣ
ţ⣬Ҳ½֮飬ͬˣʶſţ֮꣡
ţֵɲǣɫҰףôҲû뵽һȻܱ䵽˳̶ȡ
һأȴţͷͺ𣬾ֱȥڴͬʱѪ·ϵѪɷӰٴ̧ŲǰһΣȴһ߳
ÿһ£ɫͻԽӲ԰ףһɹԽԽǿѹȴǴѪɷӰںȻɢţԿ
֮һ˲ţѪɷӰûȫӽȴѹһǺ£ת
ѪɷӰŤɢͬģţҲ֮ɢţӰֻţĲ־ԶԶ֮ţɾˣ̺ɲ
ħŵɣֿૣָƣǰһģһ֮£ڹ֮֮ںջһɣȭǰݺһɲǣֱӱ
ŵһȭУǴŹ׵ĵžˣȻſڣһε˻һȭȫĺ
һȭգȴоŲ㲨ƻصǲ֮ǣպһɽϵĲľϵĸ¥ǴһУȫ˸˻ɫĹâٵʯ
һѪٺˣ˿̻ɫ䣬ֵĿ⣬˿ֲ
ۿǾŲ㲨ƻֱȥʱͻȻһͺȣȻ
ˣ£öγ壬ϷԻ


1830 
һͺȣһ籩ǿʶֱܣֹŵһϢ䣬Ų㲨̲ɲʧһƬɢ
ӣʶУȻ˺ɣͣ¡
ǿʶУܵĴųϣһĬܵؾ䣬Ҳֹͣ
֮䣬ʶٵĵطһߣ£׷Բԣţ˱
ʵɲǣ䱾Դһ뱾ںϣһģӰ
һɿֲϢɢϢָȻȫʢ֮ʱ߲
սٺڣɫƽͫȴ΢ɲһ
μ棡ûܳĬĴųϣ׷׹
Ҳɫ仯еͷΨ֣վﲢδһƽĿţɨ
Ϸ֮ˣӴ֮Ҵŵĳ֮һ塭ϷΪһɽ嶴ҲػڣԽȥ죡ţ˻ڣǾٸ
Ĭвʣ뵽֮ǰĿͨȴǳĬе˵ͷ
¾ʹƹйϵһ飬ҴŵأôΥŹ洦ãţɫ࣬УĿһɨϡ
ϣӭţţ¶΢Ц
ͬЦȭţ˿һݣĿԼʱЦĳզ³ç֮λĪҪϡ
ϴЦҲţΪºͣټ֮ǰչʾֶͨΣһ˵ܱ꣬дųϱȭ
̫ˣպͬţ໥֮
ΪͨǾˣұʿǿΪʲô³ç֮£¡
ʱ䣬ɵƷһϷͯŮɲ裬ǿ۵
֮ܿԲϣû˿ͣǴ΢ЦһһԺЩ峤ϣȥһص˸ɽС
ܿ죬գֻʣ֣ţ棬ԶĵӣǷɺΣֵĿ⣬˸ӡ
ϣڴڣѡһɽΪĶɣϷԳΪ㲼һϤ˴źѰңÿһųϣһνػĻᣬͨѡ
⣬Ϊ׼˺ܾúܾãһȻˣϷ㡭㣬Ӧдãţ滰֮䣬ֵĬУߣȴûпڡ
һͷĿ⿴ţλãԿǵĳɫɽѾǱ
һﱾû̫ĶԹ˵ҲȣѶԷĶŪӣ˭ѽܡ
ţǰҵɽ嶴Ѱˣ壬ͿԣһָԶĲɽ塣
µĶǸˡǾٸ΢΢һЦ
ٸһ㶣ɫԻǿȴ޷ɢֶԼ΢Цкݺݵĵһۡ
ţһĻһЦͷҲãպ󣬿ȥѰңţ˵ţ̧һץһöû֡
ö򣬿ž󲿷ֽƣ
ֽӹ򣬲һΣֱɽȥ·ʱֽŲһ٣ĿĪ⣬һǷɺΡ
ɺαĿɨһæͷΪףһߴΣܳΪ߲ĵ£һΪ޹أΪǴŵĵӣ
棬һεԭһλԵйĻ߲սٳڵΪȻѰΪ¡
߲һ䣬֮䣬˿ڣһֱΪߣΪ˿սڵĴܣⷯɺɣԿһߡ
ҲΪ֪˷ɺеŭŻ֮
ҶȱһỤ̊ŮҰɡֽŲһУڿǷɺε˲䣬̧һָ
һָ֮£ǷɺһֵĻɫ䡣
룡òƽһ仰̱˫۴ɷı飬ʹӣ
ֹһЦӻ磬ڣһָʵк塣
ȥȻɺΣĿ¶֮â֪ʲô˼
ʦĿɺҧ´ͷ˵
ڣϣվʶɢɽ壬ɽػĿήȻΪ˷һ㣬ɽҲˣ΢һͿ̮
һж˵ȴްҽ̧һ̤ǻԴûɽڡ
ڱԴɽһ˲ɽͻȻŨŨ𺣣ǻ𺣺Хһ㣬ɽ壬ʹôɽȼա
ʧȥ˻ұ㲹棬ʧȥ˻־Ǳҵ־ɽУ𺣺䣬ɽڵһ֮ǰڵĽȫջ٣γµĽƺ󣬴ɽɫ̴иı䣬ٴγΪǳ罾һ㣡
ұ֮ҪŨҲ٣ɽĻ棬·ȼȥϨ
һĻ￴ҧֽɽһ˿ͣʱɢ
ҺƲ
ıһɻѹţֱţΪ²ɽ壬ȥ̰ѷɺ
ɺΣȥɽĲҪ㵱Ůôȥ
ʦ𣡣ɺɫ䣬Ӳйڵϣɫƻˮһ㡣
ĿУȴǻһߡ
ģ֮ǰ˵֮˰ɣԶôߣ̬ĹΪʦãԷŵĵ߲𣬸ʧߵڶ磬ֱ£ΪʦᣬúãϣҲΪʦ㣡
ɺν̧ͷҪ˵
ҪԣȥҲȥȥҲȥҰóı£ƾ̬ޣȥɣһ˦пХǷɺξɽ⡣
ɽ⣬ɺγĬ˺ܾãתȼյɽʱĿ¶Թ֮ǰǷôܻͳ
ʦĻƻڶ߻ɺĿеԹʧȡ֮ģһˮģɫƽᲽȼյɽ塣


1831 ܵף
УڵĶɽ弫ΪأȼյĻԶϨȼգȴûа˿ƮΨɽܵأǻŤʹĿһһ
ڸһٽڳˮٽһЩǾڵѪҺҲƵġ
ڣֻȫҴ˷ֻһ˴ڡ
ϥԭĶڣ䱾Դûɽ壬ɽ廯һ塣
ϥƬ̣˫ۣĿоһ
ş̌һжһöɫɢϵϢһ˿ζ
ܵһΪó֮ӣҲƵĵܼͨüҵӵķ㣬ӦΣ
֣ܵͨҪѧǣĻ½ϣǴ粽СҪԼһУñ˺ֳУʶɢ
ʱֺȻ̧ͷɽѾıԴںϣ˵ɽһĸܵɽ⣬ؼһŮӡ
Ůɽͣ½ŲĬ󣬵ͷͶ
ӷɺΣʦ֮Ӧ֮ԣ
ɺΡ΢΢һЦͷȥᣬʶо
Ϊɻ꣬ܵѰʶɲǣһϵڻƴһ˳ڣеĻܵ
ʱţת۾һ졣
ɺʼվɽ⣬ͷȴˣʹ÷ɺεˮʪϣǲվȴֵټ
ָоΣ뵱һĻĻͷ˫Ŀڣٴһ˿Թɺܿͱ
ɽ嶴ڣ˫ۣе򣬳Ĭ˰졣
ʮڷ֡ÿһֶҪһʱ䷽ӡڻСʮ֣ΪСɡʮΪУʮΪɡ
Ϊ죬ż򵥣ٽһѵĳ̶̫ˣԽ־ԽӸӣӡеʱ͸࣡ǴŵĻܵôֳĬƬ̣ɫЩŹ֡
ϸʱ䣬ͿɣڣΪ˵ʮо˿ʮڻꡭ
Ҫﵽеȳ̶ȣŰپʮꡭʱ޿̶ҪչطɡҲԣʿչǧ꣬Ҳټ
Ҫɣʮڷ֣ȻҪչʮǧ꣬⡭üͷΪţʹͰ⿴ƺĻܵ͸Լ
޷ﵽɣҲеȳ̶ȶѣ
һֱ˫ۣӡڻ֮Уܿ죬ڵƻ֮ʱһƬƣ̲һ˿֮⣬ٴ˫Ŀ
Ȼжϵʱһ죬ʮӡڻꡭ̧֮һüģһһƻɢǻƣܿͷϷһСˡ
Сֻ磬ӡֻеʮС˵Ӳһֻһ˫۾ûбӺͣҲûС
һԾСǰ쿪УСٴԾվС
СˣĿ¶֮âСϣʮϸܵ˸ϣʹСֻۿԿʶһɨȴһƬտա
ֿСʱҲ֣ĿһƬ峺̺һ˵ɣĿһ˲ֻ֮С
ǧѰֺȻڣ׼俪ڵһ˲ڵСһɢĹ⣬̳֣ڣֿͷ
һοͷСͷ­ƤһɲǣһСںȻɢģӿڡ
ǰһƿһƬѪ⣬ԿӰȴ
˿̣СٴοͷڶüƤɲǣԺ䣬ǰƱһӿֺǿг忪
ģƿһɽɽ֣·һɽɽ£ȻһˣƱѹɽף
һ콵٣ϵڴɽϣģϣһ޴ɵսսվһͬɵӰͷء
𶯣˼ϸɽ±ѹ֮˵òȴһƬģ
˿̣СˣӲУֵοͷüĵһɲǣӾ·ٴλһɳ忪ʹɽ±ѹ֮˵ӣ
ǸˣȻԼ
ڿһеɲǣǰõһĻȻһҵϣһʶ
˭δɽѹңɫǰһбͬʱǿԼʶ£͵̧ͷȥսϵӰҪ˵ӣ
ܵٴתһΣ壬˾ͷ񴫵ݼ䣬Сˣӣٴο˵Ĵͷ
һ磬һ޴ĿĹâģȫһ˲䣬սϵӰò
ڿһɲǣ𶯣һ֮£ǰ糹ױ˫Ŀһ̧ͷǶڡ
еСˣɫήңĿһ
Ĭ˺ܾãʼ޷Լһ֮˵ӡ
ܡôˡɫ¶ãããסƣĵСڻ
͸Ź졭ܵȷδ仯һЩʱһ˾ͽˮٻ÷˵䡭ֳѹĵ֮ǰһĻɵ𶯣Ϊĳ̶ȣ龭̫࣬һĴ£Ҳ侲ѹĵס
ˡţ˵֪ʲô֮ǰ˵ҽŵĲػѡһͨǰֳŵĶػʩչģ֮
һǰһȥ߳˶̤ȼյɽϣһ۾Ϳ棬ӼΪķɺΡ
վڿ󣬷ɺɫӣҪſ˵ʱһΣ߳壬ⷯɺһζ
㣡ɺ¶ŭȴǱѹ£ȥӰƽȴȥ
Ѿû·
Ӱ磬뿪Ŵ۶ȥţµƽУ˴Ÿɽĵͼ֪ڡ


1832 ػ꣡
һֱɽ壬˷һƬ̫࣬ߣȥ֧һǴŵĽأţıչڡ
һ·ۣŵǰ㲨ƣû˿ãֱ⣬ͣ£ɽ壬ȭʴ
֣ţǰڣ
ͨһɽĽȫɢһϵƮ
壬㡣
ʶʶɢһɨĿʱ˷忴ѰʵȴǴһɼǿϢϢɽɢ
һ֮ɽֲɫһֱɽ嶥Ƴһ㣬ܿɽ⡣
嶥ţϥһ£ɽƮ׷ɫ糣ţ˶棬ϥ¡
֮ܵȷʮǧ˵ԱȵĹɻʹʦŵ֮ĳֻڡ
ţŴ˻һЦɫҲΣΪݵӡ
ϴ˻ܶԣոսҴţԴΪ٣һܺðʵϷһֱҲôΪģֱܼչʮǧ֮ܵضӵʦļ֮
ʮǰһͨΪԪ᲻ˣôֻʮǧ꣬ΪΡ
Ϸû˵˭ܵ˴ɣǵһ棬Ҳֻӡʮһڷֶѡ
ʾˣԵض٣˵а취Ҵŵľѧءţ΢΢һЦ˵
ƨֺ˵ʵǿţ˵ɫ̫ˡ
˻һţһ£Ȼδ뵽־Ȼ˻ظգգۣţҲȷоЩ飬ٺһЦ
ˣ˵ǴΪ׼ģӦдã˵ţţæ̧ǰһӣʱâûγУֱֶȥ
ִһ˦ڣһۡ
Ǵ򿪽еʱ䣬Ҫʮǧɡ
ţɿһæڣϷͲ֪ˣһ浱Ϊ׼һ㱣ܶѣߣʲôƷҿɲ֪ǳ⣬Ҳҡ
üͷţվӣ̧һָ⣬һ޴ѷ¡ѷһռ㣬һ޴ľŲ¥
¥ƣ֣һѹûнѷڣֻ⿴һۣ־̸ܵѹ
Ϸһ¯ҩԼػڣȥѡһͨˣĹأֻѡһΣѡڶͨҪȥɵ񷽿ɣţ˵ţɲʧȴ˲ƶߣҴ뿪
վûȥȥţ棬ǿյѷ죬Ƭ̺̤ѷڡ
ڽѷһɲǣһɰѹһģĿռ䣬ûգûдأռֻһ޴ľŲ¥һƬ
¥⣬޴޵̾
¥ŹرգһƬžΨǵڣһŵƻ֮⣬˸·ڵ߶
ǴŵϷ֡
ػ
Ǵŵʥأ֮ͨƽȴɱķ˲֪ٿֲɱ
ĬƬ̧̣ŲǾŲ¥ȥٽ˲䣬ͻȻŲһ٣͵תͷҲǾ޴ʯ
޵ӣһͷ룬ȴвͬ
Ŀ⿴ȥ˲䣬ʯͻȻ䶯Ť䣬һͺȻڻص

ĿһʯʵǷӡһͷǿ֮꣬˻걻ѹʯںϺ󣬱ɱ仯ͨ
̧һоͳţһֻ֣оǰһƺâһʧӰ䶯ʯڷھ׽һ㣬Ƭ̺³ö
ػѡһͨʯ񴫳䶯Ҳû˿ռŤѰһһ
ÿٶȣ˫ͫһûпʯĶ˿һ˼֪Ǻâһʵ޵ͷ
ʯ񲻶֮Ų¥Ĵţشһ϶һɹĲɢʹô˵ѹء
ֲɫǴţ϶̤ȥ̤뵽ػһ˲䣬ػܡ
һԼǧɴСķ䣬һ߳СϥƯĿһϣȴ͸һɹǿΪ
ĿǧСɨŮ٣⣬ȫǻ壬ÿһϣ̺һͨ
ػ󡭡ૣĿɨ󣬿ͨڶ¥ݣ¥ɢĹ⣬һɽƴڣΪ޷ȥ
ȻػŲ㣬ԽǸߴԽǾִһ˦Խٸ壬¥ݣŲµɲǣһų֮ȻҪֹȥһ㡣
ų֮Ϊǿ󣬿ֹһзǵܣֻ˵ʵ΢ɫݣ̤һ׽¥ݣڿ⿩Уߵ˶¥
ػĵڶ㣬ͬҲǧڣɢĹϢ֮һҪǿֹĿһɨȴûҵҪͨػ֮
ĹǿΪʩչ˵ȻˡֳУ˳ŵڶ¥ݣŵȥ
㣬Ĳ㣬㣡һ·ͣʱ䲻ػڣһУǻȻ٣ֻоٸƯɢĹϢﵽ˿ľ磬Ȼڿʿ
һֿͨ仯ھƾŸӦȴǿԿÿһӵĪ
κһ壬õ棬Чֲ֪Ƿ˶磬һĪĺƽ٣
ֻǣЩͨˣȴֵѡͨ¥ݣĿһȥ
Ųµһ˲Ժʱһشһ㣬Ȼһ𣬽Ųһ
УϥͷƯһ壬һ˿˿ĻǻɢС
ֽŲ̨̤ͨ׵һɲǣȻ˫ۣ¶֮ɫ
ʱػģп֣ߣΪ죬ֻǿڵӣҿܲͿжΪ


1833 Լ
̨̤ͬͨ׵һ˲䣬ڣǽҪţˣϥڶУȻ˫ۡ
ǰ㶼ûҪĹô㣬ҪӵпսΪ־̤ģΪûеս٣أ˵ҲԽ㡭
㣬Ҳļˣǵ߲ڰ˲㣬һȥͿڴ䣬ܽߴвˣĵھŲ㡭ңû˿̤ڡ
һ浱ر仯ʱҲ˵Ҫ󣬲ſԽھŲ㡭ţ΢΢һЦĿ
ͨ¥ݴһã˫Ȼ¶⣬ĺһ
Ļڷһ˲䣬磬̶̵Ĳʱ䣬˵һ
˿ѹĿһ̧ٴһ̨̤׵ϵһ˲Ժٴκֵɫȴû˿仯Ŀ⾼ҽ̧һ̤߲
ÿһ£񶼻죬һǿѹȻ٣Ҫϳ̨ס
ƣ費ҵĽŲüĹǵ㣬˫Ŀħ֮Ȼ֣ڴ֮ǿ֮Ӳǵֿѹٴ̨߳ף
˿̣ǵڣȻ˸̨ף̤ȥͽ˵㣡
սΪʿҶսֻģ³սʿ־ѣֵ־ڶ磬̤½з޲汾Դͬ飬ƣΪǣֵڣȻһɾ˵־ɫݣŲ̧һһһ
û˿ͣ٣ǵȥ죬̤߸̨ףʣһ
һ̨ף̧˲䣬ǰͻȻһʱȻһµıԵĽŲһ£ͻ׹֮ף
һ˻ȴһƬƬԩ˿һƣȻ֡
µײ˵ԩ꣬¶˼ûżڳУܵĹ졣
ƻûƼ򵥣ƺֻҪ㹻־ǿǰһȥȥЩԩ£Ϳһ
ȴоЩԣ˿̣µЩԩѾ˴룬ڣɣɲٽʮɣ
ƻҲ¶ЦһΣŲûиı䣬ǰ֮⣬һ£һµ˲䣬·Щԩһɫ¶˷뼤Ǿڵȴˣ
ֽŲµɲǣȴвƻһУֱʧӰӰʧ˲䣬õ̺Ȼ
ػڴֵ壬һûȥ̤һ̨ףһԽ̨̤ĵ¥ڣ
Ųµ˲䣬Ժһһжƽ
ͬһ̣嶴Уţɫûа⣬΢΢˵ͷ
Ǳһӽ֮ˣ˸֪£һξͳɹ㣬һ㣬ѵã
㾹Ȼˣڣ˫һ֡
ĳΪβɫƽǰȥһֱûԽһ̨ף˿̱ضǰƵһ̨ףֻ̤Խ
в֪жͼʱʧܣڲػڣһʧܣֹֻˣȴһλýػĻʱſ³ԡ
ߣǰͨĽݵ£ƽڣΪԼµ˴𰸡
ɫ糣ɨһۣδڣʶɢ۲㣬˲ƯĻ֮Ҫٺֻܶ࣬ʮ
ÿһϣȴǶɢΪǿϢȻֿ̺սʿʸõľǿͨ
ٶУȻĬ֮ǰĲ²⣬Ա˫ۣȥ֣Ͼػڣһж˵ǴŶĳϣȴǲ˿Υ
ػֻѡ񹦷ĵطǴŵʥأ̲̫أһ㣬ס
ֵʶɨʮ壬棬ҵ˶ػҵ֮ǰʩչĻͨ
Ǵ˿Ǹ壬ҪѰҵĻ֮ǰһ̧Ųǰȥ
˫̤ĵϣ˲֮أľ壬ʱᷢ֨֨žĵ㣬Ϊ̶˫ۣĿһ˿
˿û飬Ǹ֨֨£ߵ˶ػ̺Ļ帽ϸĿȥģüͷ
ע⵽ֵɫЦȻ֪ΪüʵһʱŵĶػĵҲüͷ
ŵĶػֻǰصбȥ߲㣬˵кػб£ȥڰ˲㣬ǵھŲ㣬ھŲڣĶػϻ壡
ŶֿһۣĿͷϵĻɨ
֮ҲĪҲڵ߲ϲɡ
ȻŵһнʵʵȻԻ߲ھɸȥһԣЦ̧ŲԶһָ
ָλãһϵ¥ݣͨػ߲㣬ػ죬καܳĽƣһ¥ϲ˻ҳƺܾȥ
ΨоһЩſԿ¥ǲûнӡֻǽӡֱ̫µĻҳˡ
ȥô֣һЦ
û˵¥ݣüͷ΢΢һ壬߲㣬Ψӵ൱ڿսڵ־߹ǲݣ˵Ϊѡ
ͬ˵ǵڰ˲㣬ĵھŲ㡣
ûбȥ㲻ҪģĹͨ㹻һˡ϶ûʸȥﾡ̫ܲᣬ̲صĺ壬ȴǲм
ĻֺȻЦˣתٸ˿ܴ̾ԹղûɫӶһЩ
ֻƤֿ֮࣬ȥ׹û˿ͬ
Ǵģȥ߲㣬ʲôֿڡ
⻰ڻصУɫȻһһ߲ͨ¥ݣĳ
˻мΪ桭ߣ߲㣬ܽһֻĹҲԹȴ޷߳߸̨ףΪЩأսΣȥضܣ
ⷬڸԼ̨ȥ£һͬ⣬ɱܿ⣬Ҳ޷Դ˻⼤ȥ
̤ϵ߲㣬ұѴΪע׺Ŀһ̧һӼ䣬һɫɡǰ
أ̤ϵ߲㣬ʲôעﶢ֣


1834 ̤죡
Ѫһ̧УǰѪХ˵ϡ
˽ѣ
ĿѪһɨ֪ѪǵһıΪɫ֮ɡͬĶעȷ㹻
ãˣҵҪα߲ĽƵأ˫ͫȻЩˡ
óѽĪʮİղɣ
ɫƽٲȥ߲ͨ¥ȥ죬ÿһ£вƻ̤֮ͬϣ˿̵ѾȥǻڵͨǶ֣ĺȻЩ
Щڣȥ֣ǰɫɡһΪǿķ˱ķ֮Ϊˡ
ߣ˽ƻˣ飬˺󣬻ᷴԼҲ˵ĿУһǹϵ¥ݴ
ֿ¥ݣһʮŸ̨׾ͷǵ߲㣬һͿɿԽӽ󣬴¥ɢһΪΣյϢȴھ֣û㹻־̤Ͻݻŭһ㡣
ôˣ￴¥ԳĬ˿¿ԷƽһɵĽ߲㣬ǲܵ顣
͵תͷĿһۡ
㿴ˣУ˫۾̧ŲֱӾ¥ݵĵһ̨ϣŲµɲǣͻȻɫ䣬
һ޴ĽݣգûŵϿգݹâɣŵĺҹɲҫһƬ
죬ҹлʹŵʿ׷״ӱչоѣɢʶ߸ɴһڸԵɽϣȫо޴Ľݣ
ػ߲㣡
һͷ׷ӣô
Ϊܲף߲㣬Ǻѣ
ֿˣϴ˽߲㣬ŲһٶˣǼϼһ⣬û˸̤߲ˣ
ػĽƣΪǿ󣬳ǿԳɹ̤߲㣬һԺٽȥͲ䣬ûгɹ֮ǰÿһ̤ϽݣᱻĿϣҿضʧܣ
ǽݹʮŲ㣬ǵһУ˿վһ޴ӰӰһͷ׷֣
ǴŲػȥ߲ر仯ڵҪ̤߲㣬ı仯֪Ŀ
һҫͬʱҲһɼѹûʸ߲ߣǿн룬һбֶᱻ˿Ǳصӡ
ҲΪһ㣬ʶԽ߲ߣҲѼһˣ
ڣһӰӸɽڷɳ뿴գֵ飬ڴ֮˵˵ǺɿһҲǺףȻΪȤ
ֻǣ˻ΪֿԳɹǱſǱ뷨
ϵţ棬Ҳüͷһ壬̧ͷĿƴ͸յ䡣
Щ³çˡΪ߲ܽ㡭ţ氵̾΢΢ҡͷ
ҲãĪҪΪҴû
ͬʱڻ崦ɽУչصϹ֣Ҳͬǳһ˫ۣĬĬĿȥ
˼Ϊ̤ϵ㱾ͼѣȻҪ߲㡭
ЩԲˡ
յӰУǾ޴ʮŲϣҽڵһ̨ף˫Ŀպϣһ
ûã͵˫ۣŽݵľͷŲȻ̧ǰǣȥ
ÿһ£жоͬһ㣬תۼ䣬߳岽̨ף
ػУĶ֣߳岽ɫȻһ䣬ܿͻָ糣
ߣ̨Σ߲߸̨ףսȭͷȥڵͨĿȫǰ̨ϵ֡
ɫƽȴŭһ岽µһɲǣƳԨڣһӴʶӽ½ںɨڣһ޴
£
£
£
ֻ֣ȴֵб޾ϣͬǧͬʱ
޴УֵҪ˺һ·ǲˣͻһ㣡
УֵĽŲǵ̨ϣ̧ͣͷϷݾͷĿ¶ϡ
Դ̧һָһָ֮£̴ںȴȼյͻȻĻ𺣣ǻɲգ֮£ǻ¶һ޴ס
ףֵıԴ
һ֮£һĻֱõĽõ֣˲Ϣٽõڡ
ͬʱڲػУ߲ͨĽϣȫɢ󣬺Ȼ䱾Դ
ⱾԴֵһ˲䣬˫۾һƻµǰȻ̧Ųٴȥ
̨ס̨סڰ̨סֽŲͣɲǼ䣬Ȼ߳ʮ̨ϣ
ŲµһɲǣػУʼչעֵ͵վӣմ˿̴䣬¶޷֮ɫ˿ûвסȻһ󷢰ס
ܣ
ͬʱڣĿǽϣһ̤߳˵ʮ̨һĻʿ볤ϣ׷ɫ˱仯лȻ˶
̨һ٣ֱߵʮ̨ףˡ˾Ȼǿ־
ǱԴȻǱԴ
Ϻþ˵ľٶ̨ףͿԽ߲㣡
ֵıԴڲ˽֪˿̱Ŀ£뺧Ȼ޷ݡ
ţǼչزϹ֣˿ҲǷ׷׶ݡ
ʮ̨סڣţĿأɻϥû
С߱ԴѾܽӽɵĳ̶ȡԴԴɣһ֮ȴع֣
ʮףѾҪļˣ໹̨߳ףţΪĿⶾٿ
ػڣ߲ͨ¥ݵʮ̨״վĬƬ̣űԴߵԺУͬһȴǰ
£
ԺϵԪɫƽʵϣ˫Ѿ˻㱣
㱣￴ǴʿЩչصϹֿ
Ҫˣɫ¶ϲá
վ޷߲㡭ŵʿҡͷ
ɾһɲǣõľ޴УֵӰ˫ĿڵĻ㱣Ȼɢȡ֮ģ쾫⣡
˵̫ˣǰɡĳҪˣ


1835 ٶһΣ
ֻﴫУŲȻ̧ŵʮ̨ףһ£ŲµɲǣıԴ𺣺Ȼ壬˲Ϣ䣬һ뱾ԴںΪһ壬Ųºٴ
ʮ̨ף
غ䣬ʿ˿ǿߵ˵ʮ̨׺һ
ʮ̨ף
ֵ־زƾʲôҪ£ֻУü֮ԴеԴȻڱ
֮Դ½ûܵӰ죬˿̱̤˵ʮ̨ϣ
ҵ־ᴩ½һ߳磡ػд൱ڿսʿ־ƾʲôʸ£УٱԴȻͬãתУһ£̤˵ʮ˸ϣ
һĻĻڴŵĿУһ𶯣￴󣬴Ůɫ˲Ϣ԰ס
ǴųչصϹ֣Ҳ׷߳ۿȥ
ҵ־޷ĥҴȡˣ½ΪӣΪƿΪ˷ӣΪ̤죡˫¶Ŀ⣬ԴȻһ£̤˵ʮ̨ף̤Ųػĵ߲㣡
һµ˲䣬Ͽյ֮Ӱâ޾˸һƬžдŵһɫأӰĿ⣬֮⡣
ǿߣʲôطܵأԼĽŲ֮ˣԽ߲㣡
֮ǰЩв֮ˣ˿̷׷𶯣˵
Ӵ֮ػ߲ڣǳֻ˿Խ룬ֶһŰУԶԶز֪Ӻδһ̾Ϣ
ͬʱ嶴ڣţ˳ĬϥûУȴ¶ء
Ȼ̤뵽˵߲㡭˵Ӧ߲㣬ʮڰ˲㣬󣬽ھŲ㣬Ŵһ컯
񡭡Ȼıˡ
ػڵ߲㣬ֽŲµһ˲͵תͷĿ˳¥ݣɫ԰׵һ˦ڵеѪɫɡȫХֱ١
ɡĳҪˣ
ʶ̧ҪץסɡĽȴǲôУɡѪߡ
ѪһץɫɡҪĨȥʶ仯֮ɲǣͻȻǵеȻĻ
֣㻹Ĳģ
ĿһЦֹͣĨȥɡʶľٶУڡ
Ҫôģ
Ҷ벻˵ڰ˲㣡ҲҶģһΣֱӳ¥ݿڴȴ̤ϣ̧ͷ֡
û̿ڣ¶֮ɫ
ˣֻⱦɡҾͿɣӮˣҡﻹû˵ֿ꣬ڽ仰ϡ
ΪʲôҪȥֻƽһ˦߲ڣƯĲʮ塣
֣ӮˣѴ˱㣡һгһɫС«
«һ֣ʱĲȻֿ
ǵھƺǰķлã䵱ʮڵڣھ𣬵ǧڣһʩչ˵ֻһλᣬȴԷӳȿսڵǿ֮
ҲûٻھԭдҲٻھ潵٣
ֻҪ̤ڰ˲㣬ߣĲģ񣬻ػ
ǵ߲ĽŲһ٣ܵ˵дĲ̫٣½ϣҪ㣬ΪҲص㡣
֣ܵӵвսڵɱﵡֳУĿɨͨڰ˲¥ڡ
¥ϵĻҳȻѾܾúܾ̤ϡ
߲Ļ壬Ҳʶɨҵ˽ΪĻػֻȻڵڰ˲ڵĻ壬ｫΪ١
ڰ˲¥ݣǲ÷ǺȥüͷĺʧͬʱڣĸӦڤڤзڡ
ڵ㣬ȴֵĴ𸴣ĬУнֻ᲻ͬͬʱҲڿһͬ⣬а취ڰ˲㡣
Ӧ޿ܡɡôô׵ľͱߣʵڲģڰ˲㡭Ǵ˿սٺڵ־ֵΪ߹߲ضˣڰ˲㣬߹
ĲУͻȻӵ߲ڣֵĻ
ҪģǱģֻնӵǧĺ«Ҫã֮ǰӦʱĳɳԤϵҪϲ٣ͳ䱾Ҳ̫Ӱ졣
ڴˣֱ¶˾ģ
ֻһ˲ͻȻЩԼҲ֪Ϊʲô̲صĹϣľ
⡭¶ԥ
ôңҾ㣬ɡϵʶĪĳֱĨȥˣ΢΢һЦɡ̧ҪĨȥʶ
ãģҾͲţ㻹̤ϵߡ㣡һҧ
ֹһЦ˦ֱͨڰ˲¥ݿڶȥУֵڤڤдڵķϵϵӴŵκνƣػڣһ˿ԿķʽȻӿڡ
˫Ŀһ߲֮£ͨڰ˲¥ݿڣ̧Ųǰһȥ
㿴ˣ
ֽŲǽݵɲǣڣԭҪɢȥʿ׷һһ͵̧ͷЩչصϹ֣Ҳһɫ䣡
ŵϿգӰԭѾɢ˿ȴغ䣬һ֮ǰΪӴƸΪˣâľ޴ݣû
ݣͨػڰ˲㣡
ǽϣֵӰһλûһͷ׷Ʈ𶯲ѡ
ȻҪڰ˲㣡
ѵһȻҿҪ߰㣡
Ȼ֮Щһչصĳϣ׷ɫأĿתĿȥ˿̣ڣţ޷ϥֱվӣɫ仯𶯡
Ҫȥڰ˲㣡ǰ߲㱾Ѿ죬Ľ˵ڰ˲㣬Ǿ͸ǰʮ꣬⡭ţ治֪¶Դ˵Ǻǻһܲͬȴ˲
ǵڲػڣ벻˵߲㣬߲ڵı仯ʶҲ޷ɢϣΪ̶ֳȣȴֶΡ
ȴڣ»õɽУһԭ𾪵ĿգȴͻȻһ˫ɲã¶һƬɷ̶̵һɲǣŮӵ걻ѹ£ɽϵʶȡΪ۾


1836 ѹ
ذ˻ģһƬǻûľ޴ݣ֮ͨͷһ㣬վһ̨׵֣ͬ񣬰׷Ʈһ˵Ʈݡ
ͷ˫Ŀɨأɽ壬ǸʶȡŮϣһ֮£ŮȻһ¶֮ɫĿһУʶҪŮĴ
ֻҪĿٶͣƬ̣ʶͻᱻ俪
ָоδûиܹ棬ܿһ㣬ƣȴвͬĸо
һɲǣ￴䣬ƺֲ֮ǰ֣
ִ죬һˣȴȫͬ𾪡
ͬ𺳵ģڣ˿ʿֵĿߣ׷Ժ䣬ӲˣȫҪʣԪ񱻺ĺȻ֮С
ΪͼĵҲãΪĳҲգǼ߳չɽϹ֣ںһ˲䣬ͬԪҪ롣
һУȫΪµĿ⣡
嶴ڵţ棬Ŀɨתͷֱӿһ֮£ţĿţɫ䣬Ȼһ̾һ䱾Դ
ֵĿܿɢȥţܣȴ𶯣¶ɫĿ⣬顢Įһﶼ£ҪǰĤ֮⣡
ţûȥһĻʳǣûмƯڰеľ޴ǳڣǼĹĻôضһּΪϤĸо
ƴ˿ջûӴӰǹµƣ˵ƣϸϣȴвͬ
⡭⡭ϣʲô飬ˡ˾֣˭ţɫ԰ףһκһ߳վڰգɫΪء
־޴Ӱջ˿صĿ⣬˫ۣţ治˽ֵأ֪˿֮ˣͬҲֻ֣ǹɾ˵ƣ
ֱ˫۵һ˲䣬ĽŲ̧ɫƽݵһһ£غ䣬ȴǾ޴ĽӰһΣ޷һһ
·һǴңԶڴĪ˵ػ󣬾ţţޣ޷һ㣡
䣬ٴһŲûаͣ٣Ҳûн֮УΪݣ̤ͬԼҵĸ¥һ㣬˳Žϡ
̨סĸ̨ס̨סд֮˳Ĭ£ǿֱ˫ۣ߳ʮ岽
߹ʮ̨ףڼû˿ͣͣ·ǽϵĽƣ˵ʵ΢һ
һĻôڵĵӣһɫ԰ףеϹ֣¶𺳣ţ棬
ŮϵʶȻ𶯣ҪɢһսȭͷָУѪ
غ˫۵֣Ų̧ϵʮ̨ףʮ߸̨ףʮ˸̨׵һɲǣ˫ĿȻ
һѹ˫ɢ·أп֮ˣ׷ʶĵͷȥʶڵŮӣӲ֮ʶ·Ҫɢ
Ӯˣƽأһ̤˵ʮŸ̨ϣ뵽ػ󣬵ڰ˲㣡
仰ﴫɲǣʶڵǸŮӣӾʶȻɢŮ˺󼸲¶ã
һɲţһƬšܿ죬ĻȻ¡
ɹˣ
߰㣬ϾȻĽ뵽˵ڰ˲㣡
Ŀ⣬̫ˣҴδκʿϼĿ⣡
ڣţʧľ޴Ӱɫ仯¶ӡ
ػУڵɫ˲ʧȥѪɫһ߲ͨڴĬ
еǸ«˿һɴƣҪߣɾʱȴһҧݺݵһƣǺ«ץС
ҪڣסǺ«ɲǣֵǵڰ˲ںȻͬʱŲ̨̤׵ϷȻ
ȴڽڰ˲һ˲ת·ػֻҪһγɹ߰˲㣬ڶ£ٲڴڳ䣬һĻҲ޷֪ȴһ֮ɣǵڰ˲Ĵ
֨֨ĽŲػֵ˫̨ϣ·һȥܿ죬ߵ˵߲㡣
ȻˣҪڣԼĳ𣡡ֵƽû˿Ĳػ߲㴫£С
˫ͫУ￴߲ͨ¥ݾͷֵµҽšλãֻܿҽţֵӣֽŲµһɲǣȴַأǺ嫵̫һĴ
ȷҪǫֻ̂ף̺һϣϣػĽ֮ϣƳԽһ㣬ڡ
ֲϵ£˫ȣĿС
ȷôشңڵھŸ̨ϣһ£¶壬ƽȴʹɫ԰ף˳
¶ңһ˲䣬ԼΪһǰͬһĸо˿̵֣ȥ֣
˭˫Ѫ˿˻ơ
ִ˿̣ƣѹȫסڣһѷ죬պԼһη
һŮպκв
˴ûޣҲҪŮպ糣Ψֲ֣ԵУ
ֽŲ£ٴ̨̤ף̧
оµȴͬرȫѹµĴֵĻȥеĺ«ͻᱻؼѹ
УеĹâ˻ɢ޷ѹһ̣ϵƣУ˴δйĿ־塣
֣ɿǺ«һ֮Уֵ֣ڡ
˫Ŀƽʵȴо˸һȫƣһѹԷƵǿͬľ
סк«תһ˳¥ݣŵ߲㣬ڰ˲ȥҪȥѡͨ
ֱ뿪ӰʧĿУ־Ϣɢȥһ˺Ŀɬɫӡ
ڰ˲Уǻҳ·ܾ٣˲㲻ƯžŸߴ壬ɢ͵Ĺâ
Ÿڣ̺˴žּΪǿĵͨһԻһ㣡


1837 ܵ
ػڰ˲Уϵǹɾ˵ƣɢֱȫʧӰصããеķ
ֲĶãÿһֻǡôɣֻȡĻûаôпܿήزۡ
ڽ֮ھŲ㣬ͷԺҲڣֻǽھŲ¥ݣܸܵϵѹΪǿǲϣǴ̫ڵΪȥǿȥЩֵˡ
ʧŷ˽ھŲĴ㣬ɢȥƣڰ˲УϸĹ۲
ػУֻѡһͨһ㣬Ҳ޷ı䣬ĿǾŸߴһһɨ
ŸͨڵĻڣָܵ˻֮ػõЦĻܵ
ֲͨδʩչɻһһɨ
ԻͨĿػƴĵӶʩչʵϣҲضѣ޷ӳͨĿֲ֮һﵽ˰ػϣ춯ء
ֵĿ⣬ھŸеĵ棬ͣⱻĻ壬̺˶ػĹ
ֻаءΪޣûеھػĹüͷ΢΢һ塣
棬ӦػĵھŲˡֳУĿ⿴߸壬˻ɢϢǶػڵĻһǿ
߸ڣ̲صʩչĻ֮Ҵڰ˲ĻڣΪ
Ŀ¶˼幦ѡ
ǵھŲ㣬Ҽ²ȥպضҪȥģϾػڱصãһµҲѡǺ«ѡĻ飬ʺϵģ죬һ˿ϣͲٸı䣬һȥǵ߻ԱߣϥºһָƮϿյĵ߻塣
ǵ߻һĹڰ˲ͬʱƮƯֵ֮ϣͬ
˿һߣǵ߻ɢ˳飬˫Ŀ˫ӵ֮ףȥ
ɫƽ˿һڵɲǣһ૵ߵӵĿھһڻķʽӡڣƳΪ˱ܡ
ʱţڰ˲ڣת۱ϥ죬Уһȫǵ߻̺Ļ֮
˿֪˿̵ĴڣӰȻӡÿһڣΪһ档
߰㣬飬ڴھҲУȴǲࡣճϣΪ˴Ӳ²Ļ⡣
Ĳ²⣬ȴûһࡣ
֪ļˣҲȥ˵Ƿɺνöˣţ棬ˡڲػѹĳ˶ֵĿ־壬ȻҲԸȥйֵκ顣
ǹŹ֮޵ݣҲţǿ£ȫıž˱տ
ʱ䣬˶ֵĲ²粨Ϩڵ峿һɨصʱڲػڰ˲㣬˫ۡ
Ŀ֮ǰ˲ͬһ˿˿ƣͬλһ֮һͻĳڣ޷԰Ρ
顭ԭૣٴα˫ۣ֮ĺһվǰһȥ˽ݡ
һڽϣִػڰ˲㣬һ·ߵ˵㡢㡢ֱһ㡣
ŵͨǻܵ飬ҪֻһƲл꣬Դ˲лΪع֮ͨʩչһϵͨ
ѹǶػҵڶ޷о͸ֻܽǹʩչһ˷У޷ʩչĿ¶֮â߳ػ
˳Ǵڲػѷ죬һΣХ뿪ѷɲǣѷ죬Ȼպϡ
嶴ڵţ棬ȥıӰһǰǵھŲ㣬Ĳ֪ôˡ
һֻܳڵĵھŲ㣬ھŲĵھ죬ħ޵ɽţ޴һڵĵͳ
ǵĿģΪ˻ţǱѹţ֮ꡭţĬɫ¶ǣǰ֪Щ飬Ҳһϵ׼Ī⣬ϣܵ˶δĲ
һ洴˴ţݼΪأǺ棬Ҳֻ֪дţҴŵĻ֮ܵԭһΪܻ꣡
Уһĳ½ļǿеĵͳӣֻһͳӡ
˷ֱ𴫳˻ֲܻ֮ܵͬͨһЩԵʣ˻õͳʸ񣬶뿪ոձӡɵţޣﴴ˴š
дšţһţɵһ̧ͷԶ޾֮أңңڡ
ĴţʵǴѼһܵõϢֻ̫ˣʶ˵֮Ϊţ
ţݻʳڣǹʦһѧ֮Ϊܻꡭţ˳Ĭкǲ֮󣬳̾һĬĬĴ
һ·УڴڴŷΧĴһۿ߼ʣֻܿһɽ塣
֮ȴǴһɽڶʱɢʶӰֱȭѺõļ
ԸһǱأȻҲˣһ·лûӰͬźЦȭŻصȼյɽ塣
ɽ⣬ɺλƣӣȥ
ٽɽ壬ĿǲԶķɺһɨɫ糣̤ɽһɲǣ
ɣⶴɽ廹ЩңɨһѰΪʱ٣
ɺεͷǣҧᲽȼյɽ壬棬ʱˮ࣬òǿԳܣݺݵĿԶȥӰһۣɺѹеԹֵķԸɽļڣʼɨ
ֻصɽĶϥһ̧һ䣬гУУţͳ
Ŀǰһ㲻ҲĿԿһЩʱȥѰʦ𡭡
ʦһδȫ˽⣬ͻȻ֮ˣض˲߻˷һҾ͸ҪȥѰʦǰΪߣΪ̶ֳȣδһЩΣգЩӦܲЩر仯ҲΪһְա
ָоһڣһԼĴ۳
ֻҪΪ㹻ЩһнѶ⣡ȿһ֮ˣʲô˫һĿ˵һ档


1838 
пƺѰһ㣬û˿Ĺâѳ֮ѰĽУȴǿֹһʶ̽룬һ㣬ּΪ
ϻһſݻƵֽƷӡһ㣬ɢϵϢ·Ѿ̫õ£ֱڣδ˴ݻƵķֽ
ǽУĿ¶ܿ˫һ̧һ˺ǽϱδ˺µĿݻƷֽ
Ƿֽ˺һɲǣĸֽܵڴһ֮ԼڣתһȦ͵أжϴ֮˵һ
ֽ˺ֵһ˲߹£ȻһƬɻңʧֵǰΨǽаƯһ
ɫأֽ˺һ̣ƸܵһɲǽڴⲨޣϸ鿴׺Ե
̧֣ǽһӣžһ򿪣¶֮
һöɫȭͷСʯͷʯͷ򣬷Ѱ֮ʯû˿𣬵ϣȴСף޵Ĳʯͷɢ
ʯͷüͷһ壬֪ʲôƷʶɢʯͷϣʶһٽȴ̾ͱʯͷС׼ٵսȥ
ֲɫʯͷԼʶڣģʯͷڲɫ˱仯
ǡֿССһʯͷڣȻ̺ռ䣬ÿһС׶һĿռ䡣
һռʯΪ׼ĵһոմӶ½ռض½ĲͬѴ򿪣ռʯһռΪۣڴռУȡһƷҪֻ࣬һλᣬĻĿռȺ᲻ȣӶֱһϵʯͷڵһռƴ
ֻǿռʯһãһãǾ֪Уһ
ǵһϣϲǲϵƽֱʧӰƾռʯѰңҲҲټ
ĿһʶӸʯͷջأеʯͷĿ¶˼֮ɫ
ûǰʯͷһԣĿ˵ڶϣǽϵķֽɣһӼ䣬ֽ£ɻҵͬʱǽžһˡ
ڣֻһƷһöȫɣ¶Ŀеһɲǣ䶯š
üͷ̧һץɳУһ˲䣬ǲϵȻ֮С
Ϊ׼ĵڶöһܵΪʩչһ仯Ϊһ顭
ֻһΡ
ʧֳĬеڿӰƺֻҪһͿָһˣôܡ
һпɣְȫĴӴռȡһƷ˵ģȴǱҪá
ڶȴȻ֮ͬһҪֹ˵Ϊ棬öһԼ߱˵Ĺȥδ仯˵ǼΪѵ֮¡
ؼʱ̣öԱ
ȻĶջĿ⣬ǵУ
һ󣬵ڶԶԶǰߣ֪Ǻְһԣ̧ǵһץмٷС
ϵķֽɢͬǽж·һ㣬ֵлɻɢ¶ڣһָ׸ǴСӨ͸ˮΣ
ˮƣûĿĹâȡһ㣬˿󣬾ͻʧˮεС
һŨŨˮԴϢˮȻɢͬʱȼյɽ壬ɽĻ𺣣ˮԴϢһ壬ȻҪϨļ
ڿˮεһɲǣ̶ݣ˫ͫˮΣϢ˴ˣ
Ʒ˵ĳ̶ԶԶ֮ǰ֮ˮԴСɣʼ޽չ޷ﵽԲĳ̶ȣһΪʼͣڿڣ޷
ǻԴۣҲ޷ֵľ磬ֻͨҶѡ
Ѿ߸ԴˮԴܴɣ̾ͻﵽ˸ΪﵽԲܵõһԴ̱оŴԴʱžתΪ俪飬Ϊʿ
ǸʱҼǿΪƾűԴսٳһսͨſһսڿʱǾŴ٣ΣһξͿȹŴΣΪսʿ
ףԼĵ·ȻȫͬԼûȫǸԼӶ֮ķӵоŵԴҲ˴һ
˵޵һйؼڱԴ
Դ˵򵥣ʵϻԲȴǼΪѣ񿴵ˮԴˮΣֲɵ
һⲢǵһλˮԴˮΣǵڶΣһǹУͬһˮΣˮΣǵһ컯ֵˮԴСɡ
еˮΣȴԶԶͳ֮߸޷Ƚϣͬө֮
һˮԴ֮ҺΪ׼ĵݾʮۣǴӶˮԴʿҳ֮󣬲֪᲻ˮԴɣûԲҲֻһ˿
ϣϲϣڽܺ󣬱ӻҴһҵĺˣػݣ
ĿһǲϵĻɢһסˮΣ̫Ҫ
ˮԴ֮ҺʶȻӿڣϸѰһȷûжߺ˫¶⣬̧ͷŶϷĿƴ͸ա
ĳպбӻŵֻﴫһ𣬷˾춯صĺ
£ʿѣڵţ棬͵˫ͫһУպ
һ桭
ǺУڵɽ嶴У̧Ȼһָһǿѹɢֱɽ塣
ԴΪһֵڻص£ȴɽ϶ȫĶ⣬˱Դϥ档
ͬʱɺĿһһɽ嶥˿̱۵ĵط֪ʲô˼
ȻԵⷯɺΣҰѴŮҪȻпֶΣ˿̱չ֮ʣ̧һץסǿռʯ


1839 ڰ˱Դ
ֵĴռڣ̫ƷҪó˿ռĻֻһΣĿһȻжϡ
¶˵һΪ޽ӽսٳڵĿܣ֮
ǻԹ֮Ĺ˾ֵ֮֮У˼ûʲôԥץǿռʯɲǣʶӿڣȻǿռʯУĴռ䣡
䴢ռ䱻򿪵һɲǣռʯ̲һռȡֵĴռ䣬Ȼ
˲ϢһɷִռȻĹһ䣬ֵԣһ֫ڵأͷɺ죬¶ϳӰ
ǿݵͬһ˾֮
˻ɷϢ˾ɢ˫ۣڳֺĶֵ֣ݣĿ׹ɢ
˾ΪһĿײɷӰڡ

˾˫׹Ũ͵תŶŵķ򣬵ͺɺͷڵϣϵŤĿġ˿̣κ̤ⶴ̾ͻܵ˾ķ񹥻
ֻģͷһԼֱϣīͼڣȥһ˲īͼڣ˫Ȼ¶һ˿⣬ֶ
ޣֱչУΪԼ׼һ
ˣֲзģϥڶУеˮΣĿ¶ˮ˲䰴ü֮С
ˮνüĵ˲䣬ȫѪҺȻصǵˮԴ֮Һ½ˮںϣγһɾ˵ı仯
仯УֵۿɼٶȣٵĸɿȥڵһˮѪҺһ˲һ
壬ٿήǰʱ䣬־ͬһúǣͷɿݣȫƤƣͬ˶ĸʬ
ڣһˮԴˮΣȫˮѪҺӨϣȴУ޷
ˮԴգΪֲʿڣȻȻľʹˮѪҺҲˮһ֡
ˮԴ˲䣬ȻܵǣŻͬʬһĻ
ʱţת۱죬УϥһͬһϢûɢԽԽʢ˭ãֳ˱ʡ
󣬶ڵ֣ɿݵͻȻһ˫ȻĿһƬǣƾ۾ڵˮҲʧһ
ɢˮԴɳƵֿдɿǵ˫̧Ȼһ˲䣬ֿήڣˮԴˮƺ۵˼ޣȻӲУƻഺһĻָ
ָֻٶȣɲǾɣ˿̵֣ٲǸɿݵӣƤӨ͸ת
״̬˾죬УںһˮΣٵתСԱǰҪСһЩ
ƺ죬һһɢУΪһѭһѭȥ̿ʼ˵ڶѭ
ֱչصĵʮ죬ٴγ˹ı仯ٵĿήɲǻʬˮΣâ˸ϡ
ܶʼܿ죬ֵɿ뱥УȹߴѭߴѭˮȻֻʣ²֮ǰɴС
ʱ䣬Ȼȥ£
µıչأֶŵһţȫȫĳˮԴĹУףһεգһˮԴԲôΪͻӣ
ˮԴʵ֮Դһֵ֣ڣͬǻԴһ⣬־ںɡ
ֵֻˮԴ֮ǰֻСɣʶں½ˮԴʱų̫֮󣬿Աܡ
ʱٴţתʮ죬˿ֵǿή뱥УѾȹ˰˴ѭ˴ѭˮԴˮΣȻΪϡ٣ϸ޷һ
ıչУıԴڶܵĻڣ˾֮ڣػһС
˾֮òմѪ˿Ȼ꣬ⶴڲϵصͺʱͷ֣ҲǴ׹⣬ֻʶڣˣͷ˵̣ɻһЩãʹסѪĳ嶯
Ҫģ˾֮оˣ뵱Щ̫һ·ϣһֲϢϢܵȴںϣֱ˴ˡ
Ҳ令ԭڣǱٳɷ죬ֵ־ȴǻãֻҪʱ̫⣬Ϊߣ־ԽǿңԲٿײ֮
˵ķʶ̺һϢ˺Ѳ˾ȴǿԡ
ɺͬɽڣ۲ֱչصĵطѾܾãѹ£ĴڵͷԽӵǿʹӶ߳ɽ嶥
ɵķΧɺֶͣɻɵıԴ¶ɵ֮ɫ
ǵҪȥֱչس֣׼Ĺ۲죬취һЩߣԱʦĿ֡
ǰͣٵ˲䣬ȴֵıԴͻȻ˫ۣɨ˷ɺһۡ
ǱԴĿͬԿȥɺһæͷҪˣʱͻȻһ˵˻ǶһƬŨڵû֮䣬ڣ¶һ˫ײе˫Ŀһɺͷ⣬ŤҡڣĿġ
ڣ˾Ѿ²Ѫкòײ˽ӽⶴ˻ڰտǷɺκ˾˫¶Ѫ̣˻䣬ֱɺζȥ
ɺεΪﵽٵߴεĳ̶ȣȻΪף˾Ŀ£ȴһټ϶ֵļɵʹⷯɺβ˼̺ˡ
ٶԲ˾˿˻ֱɺζȥɲٽǾ޴ͷһ˦;ɺΣǺ֣Ƿɺε·
ϣصأ֮˴󶼽ӵķƿɽ壬˿̷׷ײ䣬ȥ
ϥ˿Ȼ˫ۣɫһ䣬Լɳɺȥ֣˿¶һ˿ɵһΣֱɽȥ
ڵĶڣϥе֣ڽǵھŴѭҲһΣһһγɹˮԴͻԲΪߡ
ˮԴˮΣȴӼٿήͬʬһɲǣȫĺķˣ㲻棬͵˫ۣĿ¶һ˿⡣
ˮԴһѭһЩҪˮִ˿̵Ϊֲɿݵ壬ͬһߺǣǾˡ
ĬУȻ̧ͷ˶ĺٵϢ
˾ٽ䷯ɺ˾˲䣬ֵӶȻͬʱӰһΣֱ߳˶֮䡣
ɿݵ壬ֲӣ̱￴һ


1840 ԭ
㣡˫ͫ˿ֲֵ̫ɿݵӣȫûаѪɫƺýһ˿ڣҲаѪҺƵġ
ͷǸļҪµӣήڣ˿ûаˮݣǿԪɴڣ졣
һϮǿɣͬʬһ˿̵֣ɢĿֲо˺
˾ķɺΣںпֺ󣬶ʱ¶Ȼ
ʲôôŪӣ
֮ǰɳƵУ˾һƬصԣײе˫ۣɺ촹Ťͷ˿ֵģʹͬһħ֮ɷ
ĳչأΪ£ͬʬ֣ʧȥˮݣ˫ĿͫҲ޷תֻתͷԴ˿
Ķûмƣƾһɿµѹʹһٴ˺󼸲
ϱչأţֻⷯɺαĿֻܹΪӪȡ
ŮҵỤ̊ﳤϴ͡΢΢һЦֻЦǸɿݵ¶һζɺӲ˵ʦԱߡ
²ﳤϣĳһѶ֪תͷֲ˫ۣǷɺһۺɳƿڡ
֪ϺʡɫΪأ֣Ȼĵײη塣
ţޣĳϤ֪ʲôطдˮһƬ󺣣ͬͷĦһ˵
ˮˮԴĿһڣڣţħ޵Ľ紦һƬޱ޼ʵ½˵أԼоŸµ·̡
ôߣ¶һ˿Ĺ⡣
ûԥ̧һ֮£̱һö֣Уʶȥӡһȥ½ĵͼ
һ˦䣬һֱ֣һɨ˵ͷ
ﳤϣл˵ţִһ˦Ƿɺһۣ˻һƬֱվͷ
𣡣
˾֮һΣںϼ䣬ʧͬʱ·ɽ嶴ֻԴȻ̧ͷĿڻһԼٶȣʧԶ
ֱ뿪Ƿɺβ˿ŵ֣Ŀ־壬ΪŨ񣬺ǡ
վĬ˺ܾã̾һû٣˵ȫ棬˿ûᷯɺΣתԼɽ嶴ɻء
˵֣뿪źǽŲǰһ̽²ƻصɲʧںϺ󣬲Ӱ
ʮ⣬һƬţ޺ܺĲԭ֮ϣвɢӰûɸɿʬͷһ·Ĵأԭ޾صĶȻвɢס
֮ôɢѡΪ˵͸ܱȲһЩɽȴҲ
ԭڵͼ⼫ԭµ·̣Ϳȥħӵ½ֳǰһζХԶȥ
سɴ֮½ϣּ֮򣬵ȴͬ޷ϴΧʩչǾ벻Զ֮ǰɽȥǰ㣬ĻĴΧŲƣһ߹µ·̣Ҫһʱ䡣
˿̷̧𣬶ʱһ˻ϵˮīͼϴȴīһûֵӣȸԾ˻УԼٶֱԶ
ϥϣĿ˿̵״̬ܴΪ۷壬ʶǿԪӣȴȻһҪմˮԴǵھŴѭſɡ
ǰУԭϺХ˴˵ʶɢвڿ޺󣬶ܿջأûᡣ
ͬҲһЩʶЩ뷨һ㡣
ԭ޾ʱ䣬ֵ޷ɳ˺ԶʶҲɢ˴룬ֻȴɣһ㣬ϡ
ʶΪڣһֻǿڵӣʶ棬һ·Ҳ˲˵Ŀ̽
ƬԭԿͷʱָоԼسɴ֮ȻʩչڶδΧŲƣʶָûз˿Ӵޱվ
ʱһƴ
ǰλħ޵ѣҼԭô׵ȥˣ
ϻʲôһ·׷ȵľǿ·⼫ԭ֮ͬѣڿֻ·ĻķޣϷ㲻һȻ𣬴һɰԵǰܾ³ضҡ
ﴫУؼ䣬ȴһƬŤһֻɫĴͻȻƲ㣬ֱһץХصַ̲˼ǿԽԽ
תԸһЩûҪ鷳˿̼Ȼ˶ϣΪͬת֮УĹһɿݵ̧͵һ˺
һ޴ѷȻҪһУѷ⳹ױ˺룬ֱֱ۶ȥ
һ˺֮£Ȼɫ䣬ȴֵһ޴ĵֱۻûֵĶȻ˺죡
֮춯أǴץֵĺɫֱۣ̾ѷһֱӱ˺
ƺߴǺɫֱڱУӰ˺󣬻ˡȻĿ֣Ȼַһ˺֮ͨ𺳡
ǿΪ
ǿ֮ˡԿȹŹ֮ޣ
ɫ仯˿̱ǳನƶ˺䣬ȴǲ˼ͬķڣӶݡ
ɫƽȻˣ;װݣĿһ̧ǰȻһӣһͺ˾֮û˫Ŀ¶˷ܵĲֱ̣Զһˡ
˲׷ϣִˣĲҽлɢ
ţµ˻˲Ϣȥǿڵʿ֮죬ת۾ٽˣû˷ӦǾ޴ĿȻڣ͵һڴҪһ˲䣬Զ̧һָ
һָ֮£ʿȫͣ٣Ŀٽ
֣һ뿪ԶӶݵĵˣԴһƬ𺣣ֱӳȼһ㣬һŴڣǵɶȥ
һĻΪˣӵĻڣһУ˲Ϣٽһǵ˵ɲǣȻһƬ̹âҪֿǻڵ롣
ʦң
仰ﴫͬʱزԭȻһһƵڻ
ס֣


1841 䣡
һסִͬʱԭأ䣬һֻɵȭͷӵ߸߹һȭ
ɫ糣ɿݵ˫ĿȴǺһήȭȭͷٵһɲǣֱһȭ
һ죬һȭͷȴƱһɴֱӱڴһȻľ
һɫӰӵص׻ûû˿ԥŲԭһȥӰأٶߡ
ԶԶһֻǴҡڣѴӰڡ
ͬʱڻĴ̹âĵˣ̷ĲҽУܿȻֹ
ڣһڽȫɣ𺣾֮£γһ籩ֱ߳ԴӰ
ߣк˸֮ҪȥӰڴأһȥһ˴ϡ
Ըٿɱ䣬иɿݵ˫Ȼ̧𣬲δ׷˫ֱŴغݺݵһ
һ֮£һɵ±ʹͷƮɢУ˫Ĵݣ̼ٿήһ˿˿ľˮݼٱɿݵ˫ա
գٶȼ죬ɲǼ䣬ΪģܵݴƬƬĿήһ˿˿ˮֱ˫۶
ֵǰݵؿήٶȸǿľˣ¿ȥԿ⾪һĻȴǰĲԭٿήһƬƬˮӿȫǿήٶȣͬ׷֮ˡ
еʿ˿𣬷Ӷݣĸܵǹ֮ĿֲϢԼԼض
ӶУĲݵؿή죬мﲻԶĶҪܵһ㣬ȴӶеʿҧֱ֮Ǽٶȥ
ģôôǿϾһˣ⼫ԭǷŭҲһ
֮ٶȼ죬ֱǼ󣬲ݵؿήϢ󣬾ӶݵʿٽǼ¶˲䣬ͻȻһڣȻһǿϢţһԷߴڵص׵Ķһ߳
ֵ˲䣬һɿսٳڵΪȻɢûаԥһֱӶ֮˶ȥ̧͵ǰݺһӡ
죬һغӶݵʿʹһ֮£ٵ
ȥ
ӶݵʿѪӴӴںȻ뿪һɲǣήĲԭͬһŴڣХٽ塣
һ˲䣬ʿĲҽУ弱ٿήת۾ʧȥһˮѪҺԪɳȴƣٵɢҪߣȴ˾֮׷ϣЦнںڣҽɢ
λѣϷޣȣѾɢţޣر͵ĵطʧĪҪٵԭɢ޵ĸأǲԷӻû˰գңңԶ֣ȭڡ
仰صͬʱȻڿήˮƣֱֵ壬ˮݣǼʿȫҲɵھŴѭ
˿̰ڴص˫ֿ̧һԶߣֿһ⼫ԭɿݵ˫Ŀһ˿˼
˵ɢޣ󶼾סڵصйŹ֣ر͵ĵط߿˵ţڣӽڡ
Уû˵ɨǲԷһۺתһȥ
˾֮Ʊٻһͬصߣһ˦䣬ʧӰߡ
Уֽ²ƻصһ£ںϣسɴɲӰ뿪⼫ԭ
ֱȥǲԷ߲˿½ӰûʮһͬĬĬĿȥıӰ
ǰ¹ϣ˲ҵȿǣǿܼǿҲΪ죬ǿˣɣ
ɱϣɱǺɽʦͽˣֶκҿӣǸħޣ
ɽʦͽ˾ȡԷգҲˣ¾ʹƹλѣɢ˰ɣǲԷ߳ڣתһΣȥ
˵֣ڶʩչسɴ磬֮ʱһƬɽĵͼ򶫣µ·̣Ϳȥħ޽½
ţʵ̫󡭡Ӱûٻޣ䱳ϣֱȥһ·ٶĿ죬ټϴ˵Ȼٽħ޵ı߽磬ʿֻ࣬һ˵ĳǳأʱɼ
ħޣ˽ⲻ࣬ǿʵļڣħȴǿ־壬ֻҪħ߳ʿǿ֮ˡ
ʮʱһζʮҲһЩʿ˴ûκν˴˽ʶƶڿֵӺҲԥȥ
ʮʩչ˵سɴ磬ӰʧƬɽ֮䡣
ݺܴţħ޽ֻдƬ֮أһ½Ŵ˺γɣһŴµһŵҩը
ֻ̫ã޷󵽵ʲôĵҩԻһƬ󺣣ģҲţֻǴţȴ£һʿ˵
ϣһ޾ˮ½ǿУɴι
Ϊħţ޹ͬӵеĵطʶʿ֮ΪңձһƬƲ֣˿˸ˮ£뺣ˮںϡ
Ʋ£ˮУڳһȦȦƣƵӰûǰ߳һվǺ֮䡣
·ĺˮָɿݵ˫ĿųĿĹâˮԴѭֻΣȱˮԴ࣬һ˿ɣ
̶̵ʱڣ뵽ķֻ޾Ĵڣȥ۳ܷۣһжδ֪
ĬУں棬ֱ³뺣ףϵУԽԽ죬Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãֵ·˴ء
ɫɺ뺣ݣĺϺߣǺ֮Уۣ˫ֻϥϣȻ
һɲǣܵĺˮͻȻһβƻصŰ˷ңңĴݳȥ
ˮԴૡ
仰ﴫ˲䣬޾Χĵŭ˾ӿ֮ϵػؼ䣬Ű˷¡¡ԶԶ
壬һɲû˿Ϣ¶һںһ𣬲ֱ˴ˣ·⺣ˮһ֡
⺣ˮ𶯣ڵһ̣ԭӦ𵤺ڴڵĴɢ޵ע⣬˿̣ȴڣһȷѪ꣬ȥⵤ
һεĽ֣ƼΪ֣ڽ֮ʱҲû˿ĲΨ˿ˮԴ֮ʱв
ƣԽ룬ȴȥǰⵤȫķӡһ㣡
ˮԴ֮ʱⵤڣλãһĲҽУȴһţ޵ɢޣһȺȺɫۣɫʿɱ
ʿ˿ⵤڣΪӴ


1842 ħ֮ޣ
һĶһȺȺʿ俪ɱ¾Ӷߣִɱ¾Ⱥʿͷߣͻɳ׷ݣ
ӡټʿ̫࣬ߣ
ɱ¾֮ⵤ£֣ѪȵϢڵӿ
һɱһʵͲԵȵɱ¾һȺȺʿһΪϸִŸǵⵤڣһţ֮ޣ
󺣵һ򣬽ӽħ˴뺣Уӭ˴£վԼǧʿǧʿһĬĿǰ
ǧʿм䣬ŲɫͳһɫʿУһŮͲֻѮҡ
Ůò˿̵ͷǰһƴС̣ģȥ
Ǯʦ֣ʦãⵤɱ¾Ѿȥʱ䣬ٲӿ죬޷˵ˡУһ꣬ǰĺ棬ƿڡ
죬ɱ¾ȫİⵤڵţ֮ޣ⣡Աߣһӣòƽ˫ȴʱ¶֮â껰󣬻˵
ⵤħ޽ţ޵Ż˲ǿߣʱ䣬û©Ǯʦ˵ʱ䣬Ӧ㹻Ů΢΢һЦ̧ͷУְѶǰķ˿ڶ
λʦҿⵤ̡Ů˵ţڵ̣ɢĹ⣬ȴ仯ͼ
ǵͼڣǧɫĹ㣬ͼڣƻƶš
ЩɫĹ⣬ͼڣ˴İɫ㣬һɫͬʱϨӣô˵Ĺ򣬱ٸɫĹ㣬ɫɣʧ˵ͼڡ
ɫĹ㣬Сһ£㣬ԶԶƴ˴ĿĹâ
ţΪǿɢޣΪѴﵽ˿սڣˣѾɳħʹȥɱΪǣŮƽĿڡ
Ĺ⣬ͼڵİɫУвʮСͬԶԶЩ⣬ɫ㣬չҵɱ
ɢ⣬ŸΪѷɫ߰˴֮еʿǣ˵Ŀֻ꣡ҪɱڵˣΪǣд
ŮЦУ̧һ֣̳һκɫҺ壬ɫҺ壬Ө͸ɢĹ⣬󾫴ˮԴϢҺɢΪŨ
ⶾħڵ򾻻ҺλʦΪЩţ޵ʿдĻôŮ̧ͷꡣ
Ҳܴ⣬һϣܳ⣬ҲţλѾչͨر仯˺ߡţʿⵤԭǰɵͿɵըţ޵αϣ꣬΢΢һЦڡ
˴˿̶ûпŮе̵ͼϣӽţ޵ĴƬڣһѰİ׵㣬һĴ
Ϊƽİ׵㣬ڣǰ׵ԣʱɫĹ㻺ȥȴ˿ûвһ㡣
ƽϥǴȻ뺣ˮںϣڲϵȥ⺣ˮڣѹˮԴ塣
ˮԴѴ⺣ˮѹǿ԰ˮȫ۳ΪһΣֶҪȥԡ
ʶҲ뺣ˮںУɱķĲҽУ޾ɱ¾֮С
ʱȥת۱һ죬һУֵϷгʮȺʿХȴûע⵽·Ĵĺɺڣִڡ
һʱ䣬ĵ³ʮɵľ룬ʮɵĺˮƾʧһ˵ע⣬ֻ˿̴ɱ¾УעˣҲ󶼲̫⡣
ħ޷ĺϣ˳µˣˡ
˵ʮһħȥòŮӣ̣жʱ⣬мʮʿһΣֱǰХˮУɲʧӰ
޷سɴ磬ħ׼Ϊ֣ⵤϵĽƣԷӡǿħʿУŲơ
Ϸһپʮħȥ䣬ϰʿʧӰ
һŮӿде̵ͼϵصǲһ㣬ϴħʿһһĨɱİɫ㡣
Ǯʦ֣ʦ֣ǳˣǾѾĸʣˣ˷ɢΪǣȴ˾Ȼۼһ𡭡
ˣضǽ֮ˣóϻλʦͬʱ֣ɱˣŮеϣԿԿһλãԴĹһţ޷򻺻ƶߣһɫĹڽӽ󣬷׷Ϩ𣬴
΢΢һЦ̧Уһӳ֣һãǮꡣ
Ǯʦ֣СΪ󣬿һħڵħ󷨡
ǮʿĿû˿һֱǰɲ󷨣ʧӰ꺬ЦҡͷᲽ߳
ߺǱǧʿƵŮӣͻȻüͷĿһɨƺǲӡ
֣ⵤĺˮôһУô࡭Ŀеһ׵ӹҲ˴ڵİ׵㡣
ֻǴֵİ׵̫Ѱ޷Ůӵע⣬˰죬Ѵչǲϵɳ֮ˣȥһһħ޵ʿɱⵤڣ˿̴ڲţɢޡ
ɱ¾޾ֶһţȫ⺣ˮ֮ڣ壬ͬһ޵׶һ㣬ϵ⺣ˮ壬ͼˮԴ
ֻˮԴۣѶ̫һЩʮµĺˮɲ
ǱٶһЩǺɿݵ˫ĿʱһȺʿϷХüͷ
ջĿ⣬˫ۼʱһΣһ죬һУ³û˿ͣ٣һ󣬾Ȼ³˰ʮɣһЩ֮أ˿Ҳѽʯȫ¶˺档
ֱ仯Ǵɱ¾֮еʿҲ޷ٴκԣ׷ײ֪˺£
ôຣˮȥʲôط
ĪʩչĪͨɣⵤڵһȺȺʿ޷ƽ׷׶
˿̣ھֺԶĺڣӰ۶ߣУˣʣȴûǴһͬ
׻ȥɡȸˣǣֻὫۡ
û뵽߳ߵڵĶ磬ﱾƽȥȴ׻Լ߰ɣ


1843 ͻƣ
ˣǴӶ뿪ȸ׻ս½Ѿ꣬Ȼû˴ڵߵڣѡ뿪ⵤסΪɢޡ
ǵҲ⣬Ҳ߳壬ֻĩ·ʣµģֻһƣ
ⵤڣ˵Ϊһ£ȴѡ˳ţƽ
粻ֹ˵ĳţûлҪİ籩µӶݣȸˣΨ׻սƽᣬһӵĵѣһеⵤӶݡ
˵ĻﴫĶڣ׻԰׵ϣ¶Ц
˲˵ܶӶݣһ붴磬ǿ⣬һ˵Ҫֱô˵ˣѰʲСһµͳô
Щǻûܶ׻ͺȣȸ䣬ҧۡ
ӵ꣬׷ԣǮʿЦ׷
׷ⵤ⣬ǰҲӲȥϷˣǮʿо
˵Ӷ׷ڼħ޺ڣ˴µŮӣ˿ȴ¶֮âĶе̡
оǲԾ
һУˮ½ʮɣ֮Ҫֹ⣡Ĭж̣ڣ˿Ȼ̵ȫռݣɫĹѾֻ࣬вһǧҡ
Ĺ㣬ȻʧԴһЩľŸ㣬֮ǰʧĸٴʧֻʣһƶΪĿɫ㣬׷
ϸĺɨһȦŮüͷĸ
ûʲôߡ⺣ˮôô࡭ʣʱ䡭ˣˣ⺣ˮͻȻ̫졭ǰʹ򾻻Һɨвд֮ޣ
ŮĸоЩԥһºһҧ̧ڳǵκɫҺ壬źȻһ
ɫˮλһĹֱأʧ˺ˮڣʧһɲǣȴŮǰĺˮ̳Ϊ˺ɫ
ɫīһ޷ٶȣӿ
һⵤڴʲôĶߣ򾻻УҲ
˵ʱ˰ĺˮ壬ڱѹ۳ˮԴֱڣˮԴû۳Ĭո졣
ʱ󣬵ǵڵĺ棬붼Ϊ˺ɫ䷶Χڱţʿһ׷ӶҽУӲбǺɫĺˮʴ˲ϢһƬѪˮԪҲ޷ӳɢ
һȺȺʿɫĺˮҲٶȴûյ˺һĻ˴µŮӾܿе̣ȴһַʽ¶ΧһĻĻ
ȴе̣˿ⵤͼڣһ˺ɫǺɫ֮ƶİ׵ȫɢͬĨȥһ㡣
˭ڹŪ飬ҵҪⱻۻĵաŮૣ˫¶⣬̴˿ʣٰɫڣٴεѰ
⺣ˮΧٵһĻΪ⣬˵ʲôҲҪҳԭ
Ǵֵİ׵㣬ͬŮĿһεӹӹһ˲䣬Ůһ٣˫ֱĶŴֵǸ׵㣬Ŀ¶ɷ
ÿһ׵㣬ⵤһħ޵ʿеİ׵㶼ƶţӶݣΨ׵㣬ʼһ
÷ֲǣŮɱһ
ǧ߰⣬ʮħȥɱˡŮӻﻹû˵꣬ͻȻϣǴֵĹ㣬Ȼʧ
һĻͻȻĳ֣ŮӵĻϣٴһ㶡
ȴ˵֣ϵպˮˮԴ޷۳չΧղãֵȻһ͵˫ۣ¶һ˿⡣
ˮԴҸܵˮԴϢĿһһԥ¶ϣվԶһȥŲ̧һ˲䣬²ƻأ˲ʧ
ٴγ֮ʱֺȻǱɫҺĵһڣֵ˲䣬̾͸ܵɫĺˮڣһɼΪֲԸʴһԪ񶼿ֱʴ
ˮԴһڣĿһˮԴɵĵھŴѭУɫĺˮбѰʿĵֿ֮
⺣ˮֲܿһʱ֮仹޷帯ʴɫĺˮڣ̺˴˿̶˵ΪҪҿˮԴ
ӻûֲ˼ϥ£˫Уȫǧëȫ򿪣ɫĺˮ壡
⼱ٵ£ȫһʹʹͬʱȴǷһΪĸоڱȥǵھŴѭ
ֺԶĵطͬ뱻īĺˮУħ޷ĺ棬˳£Ů˫ͫ͵һ̵Ȼһ¡
ȴڵıɫһĵͼǺɫۿɼٶȣȻٵɢȥͻȻı仯ŮӼ
⡭޷ţе̣ܿע⵽ⱻɫһ뵤У֪ʱһɫĹ㣬㲻󣬵˿һ뺣ڣȴΨһ
ǴˣŮɱŨ̧ǰһָ
ʮħȥɱˣһָǧʿʱ߳һ֮ˣһ磬ʧŮӵǰӰ
Ůӵϣȴֵİ׵ܣͻȻ˴̵㣬Χ
˵ٵ֮£ԺܿٶȣѸٻָǸɿݵ˫֣̱Ѫ䶯ƻ˻
ͷ­ͷ˿ⲻϵպɫˮıԴУٸɿݣŨŨ
ˮԴĵھŴѭڣɫˮıԴעµٴƶȥ
ٶȼ죬ĺˮȻ٣Ƭֵ̺ˮԴھŴѭ̳
ǵھŴѭһ˲䣬ϥУ˫Ŀֱû˿ĸɿݣȫָˣ
ָһɲڣ˵ڰ˵ԴⱾԴˮԴ
˱Դĳ֣ʹòΪȻӣһǿϢȻɢϢΪڡ
˿̣ϢܿԺ䣬ͻˣ
ͻƵһ̣ϢȻϵմﵽ˿۷壬ֻһ
ͬʱֵڷ츲һ崫죬˫ۣ¶һƬˮľ⣡
ˮԴȫѪҺ֮ڣӴ֮֮ѪҺ֮ˮԴ


1844 ʣ
ˮԴɵ˲䣬ܵĺˮڣ̻ûһӰЩӰһ֣һƬâ
ЩͻȻֵӰвɫ糣̧ϷˮȻһץһץ֮£⺣ˮڵкɫҺ۶ɲǼֵУһκɫҺ塣
Һ壬򾻻Һ
ӰһһûһɹǿΪƣֱֶ˲䣬ֺݺݵһǵκɫҺ塣
ˮɸһϢûȼգϢɫૣһ֮£ǵκɫˮҺȻī֮ˮΪģܷɢ
ٽֵһǧӰûʩչ̱ͨһĺɫˮīȻڡ
ĲҽⵤȻбɫˮīʿһӲУ̸ʴɢԪ
һЩϢһ㣬˫۵ţģϢ֮ȼա
һЩֱȻڵѪҺӺëɱԪ
в٣ӾУۿɼٶȼٿήת۾ͻ˸ɿʬһĺǣԪҲʧȥˮУήұ
һУһ֮䷢ɫƽǰȥһ߾ߺʬ߹һ˿˿ҺɢֵУѪҺںϡ
ֺ߲߳ȻͷңңһԶǸԶ֮ĺ棬˴ڣŮڣ
ŮӴ˿һ¶ֲеֵ̣Ĺܣеɫ㣬ȫϨǺɫҲʧããֻһ׵㣬ƶܿ죬ʧӰ
˭ΪڵǿУûĴڣĬУŮһҧ
ȫħ֮ڣ׷ɱˣô뿪򾻻ҺҪɱȡأŮӻ䣬һѪЩѪڤڤںϣֱڡ
ѪҺɢͬʱŮʿһȥ
ͬʱڣ˿̴ڵħʿһһԺڻصŮӵ
ܴ˷ΧŮΪˣ̣̲ͨǷֵ󷨽࣡
ɫƽⵤڻǰȥ죬ÿһȥǼԶķΧͣٶԽԽ졣
Щˣӡⵤ˵֪Ϊ¡ֻ˽˳ȻϢ©ȥǰ˫Ŀâһ̧䣬ڣһСˡ
Сܵ۳һ˿꣬߼䣬ֵĿС˶СһͷֵУһͷ
ͷһƤԺʱҪܳδ仯һɲǣͻȻһڤڤдǿеֵܡ
˫ĿһɫΪ
ڸšң仯֮ͨһգСʧ
˵ǽдҡֳһΣ²˸ɲʧӰسɴȥ
뿪ʮϢȴǧӰûһӰ£ڳ֮һ̽ٴʧ
֣ڽӽţ޵ĺڣӰڲƻص߳üͷӲδ뿪أں̧ͷĿƿɴ͸棬谵ա
Ľƣʹسɴֻⵤƶ޷ȥƵҲЩĿ¶˼½ƣؼκνƣӱԴԽֽ࣬ƱԴ׳Խкô
ղһؼΪϵĽƴĽƱԴ̱
ĽƣҲճΪҽƱԴһ֡ૣ֮ǰǲػڣϾΪųϣʵڲȥЩҲֻǴǿߵ־ѡ
Уɫƽ̧͵һӣȴҲĴУ̾ʮ⺣ȼա
ֵһ˲һҽлˮУʮʿӰûǵ˿ȼգɢɫĻ棬棬ˮҲ޷Ϩ棬ɱ
ֺͨʹã⻹ǵһ½ʩչڳ䲻֮£ȴǼΪǿʮʿתΪֻ׷Ѱڵǲ֮ˣûаֿ֮
ǰУˮ棬ȥ۲Ľ󷨣ʱͻȻɫһתͷԶ
Ȼ¶΢Цı䷽һȥ
ص׻Ѫȸ伱ӶݣǮʿ촽¶ײС
ǿɿܣһѡ񡣡
Ϊףŵĵ飬ǨƵʮѣɣ޼ڣҲȥɱ֮꣬Цڡ
׻ɫ԰ףһﲻֻʣһȸ䣬ļӶݣٶȼٿ죬Ҳ޷ʿ롣
׻Ӧֻ֮Ϊй˵ĵ飬ȴⵤǰ꣬һƬհء꣬˵̧ǰһָ
һڳֱ֣ӻûһ˸Ľˣ󲽣һѽɫ󽣣Ű׻һն£
ǽµɲǣ׻͵ת̸ֳһͷͻӰֱ룬ǽˡ
һ˱ǰ׻ȴͬҺɢ׻սһٴһѪ˺⡣
Ӱ׻սߵĴս֮һвգС޿ס׻սɫҲӶˣ٣ȻԼǺѶȹ
ȻҪ
ȸսߵĴս֮һ׻ߵȸѪ꣬ڡ
ս䣬ҲһҪͬ˺ܶ࣬̾У׻һٱտԼݡ
ߵڣţɣɫһ˰죬Ҳ벻ŵĵУߵ֡
ߵڣԱߵǮʿֺϸĿһۡ
Ŷţ޵ĵ֣Ǻܶǰһɣƽʲô߲ΪΪˡ
߲ĸ֣׻˳Ĭɫ˸ӡ
ߵڣһˣ߳ò˶꣬ض׻Ȼڡ
ȸ໥ۣ˵ͷ
ȤĪ˵ˣǹһڵݷ⣬ǶĴ콾ɣЦЦ꼥һЦǰȥǮʿͬʱٽҪչɱ
ٽ׻Ŀ¶ϣҪƴһɲǣͻȻһ紵
ܺЦô


1845 콾ƿգ
ļΪͻأ⺣ˮںϺȻһ㣬ڻصͬʱܵĺˮֲ̳㰵ܼپȥ
ǰУӻ߳ɫƽһǺˮڣ˿ûбȾ׷ܺˮ磬ĿŰ׻ǰħʿ
֣׻һ㶣Եȸ䣬ͬɫһȻôҲû뵽Ȼ֣
Ű׻˵˵ͷĿɨħʿ
ǮʿɱһֵĵδоɵȥֵΪֻǿ۷壬ΪֻҪעĶԷͨ
˶ó䣬ĻûвУ׵ĳǰǮʿЦӲûͣ٣ٶȸ죬ֱ֡
ȻʶôվͶ°ɣȪ·ϣҲ໥飡
Ǯʿ෴ģ꣬ٵһɲǣ˫ͫ͵һȻһ٣ǰǼٺˡ
˿ѰȴǴŨŨѪȣ֮ǰⵤڣضɱ¾ڶ࣡޹ѪȼΪУڿֵ˲䣬ǹ˲ΨԸܳѪȣȻϢ
˿̺У̧һסĿֻʣһֻ⣬ͫ׹תȻ䣬ۿȥֵ⣬ǧԩ꣬Щԩ꣬ȫⵤڱ֮ǰɱħʿ
ڿһĻɲǣһûȥ֪ͨͬ飬չȫ٣ˡ
Ǯʿ֮䣬һǰһˣγĶԱȣ
ЦǮʿٵһɲ̧һӣȴȻɢһͺȴ˾֮Ȼûɺͷһ˦ЦдŲֱ̣ٵǮʿ
ʿΪ˾ȣȴͬأ
˾ֵһ˲䣬Ǯʿ˫͵ȫëһΣˮ£ûһ̣Ťԥĸı䷽򣬼ٵˣܿ˾ĳҪӶݶߡ
ģôôǿĿܣ˵ʲôݣȻһսٳڵĿߣǮʿɫſ־壬ٶԶԶ޷˾ȣ˵ɲǣ˾׷ϣȴȻǮʿ֣صƺѪڻ
ǵһʱѡӶݵ꣬˿ɫž֣ٺˣɲǾֵľ룬һУҪ˵ؽƷӡںϣŲƶߡ
ɫƽԶҪȥħʿ̧һץһץ֮£⺣װ𣬲ƻص䣬Ȼһֻ޴ֱֱۣһץȥ
һ͵Ĵ򿪣棬ڣӿ˲䣬һ˻ʱڴͬʱԺˮڣȴһƥƥöתۼ䣬󣬳֮Ļ
ˮ𶯣һƥƥöץȥֱۣȻ
֮ⵤ˵زϵƴˮγһ޴Ук¡¡תʹúˮת
УõֱɢһͬɢĻã꣬һʧӰ
ֱħ޷򣬺˴ڣ̵ֳŮԣûֵһɲһѪɫ԰ף¶֮⡣
⣬Ǯʦ֣׶༪١ţޣʱôһʿ֣ҵ̸֪ʦšȥѪڡ
Ůӣһֱ̣ĿǴֵİ׵ϡ
ڣӲȥҴѾŴѾƿմʦˡڴʦֺ˵ĴҲѾֻʦⵤǰɵըţޱϣһжãŮɷһ˵
ƿմʦֵ֣һ˲¶羴ƿ֣ħޣ죬ݣҲպգ
ƿգĴ콾֮һûй̶ħţȫʦڣȥѧϰŵͨħŵӵĴʦ֣
˵ƿմʦֶǰȥݣ£ΪĪ⣬٣ֱɣɫһ
˵ǮʿͲ˾Ķ֣ɱܿһҽнǮʿ˾ȫѪҺֻԪ֮ǰҪûб̡
ڰ׻ǰֶǮʿԪչĿƽֱȫ󣬲ɿ֣һͣ˾ͷҪɣȴһԪӡߡ
˾һ㶣˫׹Ķ֣ͺ
һãֿ˾еƽڣ̲һɷ˾ֵעͷ˻
Ϊߣ˾֮µӡҲԽӵ̣ǵ˼ޣ˾󶼲ǿķֵ
λѣһ꣬û뵽תɫӵİ׻ˣȭЦ
׻˺Ǹпһꡣ
֣ħ޼ȳ֣ضһ˿ⵤǾ󲿷ţʿѾɱǡȥ䳤̾֡
ħ޲ǵһδΧţҼǵú֮ǰҲйΣȴţڴһֲõı赲⣬һΣħ޳־ɱⵤɢޣضͼ󣡡ȸ¶˵
˵ر仯ħڸǣǴһڻ֪﷢飬Ϊţ֮ˣ뿪̰Ϣͳ׻ڡ
˿̲ǳ̸ʱȥ˵ֻ䣬һ˦⺣׶İŰ׻ˣֱǰ
һ·ۣ;ħʿ˴һ棬ֱһɱ˸ߡ
ܿ죬˵ǰУħʿԽԽ٣󣬷ȫʧһ㣬Ӱ
ЩԾĿһ֮ǰڵλã;ţ޲ԶѾǿԵ˿̼ۣûã׵ӣһֱӳ˺档
˿̵գǺɫģҹ£
ڵأˮȥҲһƬģΨ󺣷紵ŴˣϵطĻʱӷ˻Уеζ
ƿ棬վϣܳ˺һƬž
׻Ҳ˲ԾĿһܿȥܱڰ֣ţ޵ķֻһƬڵ
Ϊһ󷨽ƣжķӡ֮սһ̧·һ


1846 һμ棡
һ֮£糣ȴ⺣ˮڣһ˿ʶΪ˽һ˿ʶڿãпڲãá
ʶںϣͺѱ˲
Щ˫Ѫ˿ɲǼ䣬ͫȫһƬϸܵѪƴ棬Ϊֲ
̲˽ƱԴ˫ֿۣգһ֮£ɫ˱仯
ڵգһϡ֣ۿʶҲ޷壬ΨƱԴ˫ۣԱԴȥſĿһС
һ㡭㡭߲㡭յϡȴ߲㣬߲ޱ޼ʣͬһ޴뵹۹ⵤס
߲֮ϣһ̣öתɢѹ߲ںһ
öĿһȥʱ߲ϣһϢңңĵԶ
࣬ӦʵǸλá񣬿򵤺˫һ˼
ĽƱԴҲתҪմĲͬĽƣĽƴִδɵЩĶ
Ķܿͱѹ£̧˫ĿһӼ䣬󣬺Ȼ޴ͫףͫöǺâһ䣬ȴǰڰƳɢһЩ
õûѪ˿Ӵͫ׳ֺϥ£գ˫˸֮ɫҪٶȣƿ󷨡
˫Ŀܣ޴ͫף֮ͬɢ֮ɫĶգѰ߲ƽⷽ
ģֵ˫Ѫ˿࣬޴ͫףͬˡ
ʱţת۱ǰʱ׻ɫأĿܣΪֻܷȥͿܲƿˡ
ֹ˰ʱ䣬˫¶⣬Ȼָ̧ÿһָ£޴ͫڣһѪ˿ɢֱָա
˿ĿԼָÿһָɳѪ˿ǽ뵽ǵһϡķ϶䣬ָ£ϸ˿ȫһڣ˴˽γһԲΡ
ԲΣǵһڣһϡУûڵСף˵Сףȴͨһˣ
߲ÿһ㶼תҪƿ󷨣ЩѶȡֳ˫գƬ̺󣬺Ȼ˫ͬʱ̧˾ŴΣÿһεһɫϸ߷ȥ
ȴŵϸֵĿпȥȻ͸˵һ㱻Խϸ߹ܵԲСڣ͸С׺󣬾ŵϸ̷ֳĵǵڶڣѰҵһͬϡ֮أ˴ӣγ˵ڶԲȦ
ͬʱµɫѪ˿͸ڶԲȦͬķڵڣһԲȦСף
һǰ㣬Ǳҵ˳ķ
һУ׻˿Ҵ˿̵ˣɫΪأʱֵĿ⣬ҲŽϾʱ䣬Ѿȥ˲١
ֱڣûħ޵ʿ֣̫죬ͬǰƽ˼Ϊѹֵĸо
ɫƽ߲ϣԽܣƸĸоԽǰ磬ĲǰһڵϡСףΪټƶҵ
ӵнƱԴܣģ䱾ԴĿ⣬Ŀ£һнƣһ
ֹ˰̣ǰ˫ĿȻһ˫Ѹ̧һʮ£ʮߵѪɫϸ˿۶ȥգֱӴ͸ǰԲףĲ㣬ϸ˿ӣȻϸܵڣ̹ܳһΪϸСԲȦ
µϸ˿ۣڵӣʹǰ㣬ȫͨԲȦСס
ʱͻȻⵤȻ춯أˮƷֳ룬һΪģԺ¡¡ȥ
һĻ̫ͻȻ֮ǰûаףð׻ɫ䣬뿴ȥҪʩչͨɲǣ˫Ŀͫûаԥ͵վǾ޴ͫӰɢִһ˦һɨŰ׻ˣӻһɲǳա
־Ű׻ֱյ˲䣬һ޷ݵĿֲ⺣ưѺˮֳϸУȻ
ʲôϸߣһնһӺնȻԷѺˮ춯أ
ǺˮǽӰӺȫն˲䣬׵ıֳݣһ޴ѷ죬ݺˮ֮䣬Դڿڵĺ״ء
Ӱ֮򺣶һն죬ֱ˺ڸܵɽ˲䣬׻ɫʱҰףȸ䱾ˣ˿ȻѪ¶Ȼ
ǽһ⾳ֻһѽڽڽһԣԼһѽ
⡭⡭ħ޾Ȼļʿʶ㣬˿̵
ǽӰ죬ɲٽַǰһɳ⽣ٵһ˲Ű׻˻磬ֱӳǵһڵСڣûаͣ٣ϵ͸˵ڶ㡢㡢Ĳ㡢㣡
⽣ӰȻնڣȴ󷨵ǰ⽣һɨ̱ನɢǽӰ̺־˵Ĳ㣬ʹõĲҲȻ߽⣡
һȥĲƣһҲɵõ˿ڣĸо˲һһɼΪԵϵ£Ψ־
־ֻڵİԵȴˡ
ܴʲôΪֻƾһضħڵĺպ֮ˣĿһűһ𺳵İ׻ˣ˫ۺѪ˿ռ˫۵ȫֱȥ
ȻΪŨ˿ȱڣֵļУȴ˫ֲһѪ˿ХǰƳϸܵ˿Ϣ󣬺Ȼ
һִŰ׻ˣǿ㣡
ƿղţԶǧɽλѺαżȥһͳ⺣ϻȴǺǰĲĽӰһʿ
ʿֻһ꣬أɫϣû˿ĵ׺֮һͷڼϣƮݵӡ
òΪȴǳᣬУһ߳߳ڵҹâתĺ⡣
ٵģƿյı𣬶һǷȴӵ䱾ɵĽ⣡
䣬ƿ̧ͷᲽֱȥָ̧нȻһɨ
һɨ䣬һ½Ӱֱգе㣬Ȼʹƿһ۾ͿˣǸոճ㣬ͷĿİ׷֣


1847 ǹ
˵ĿɲǼһԺһŰ׻˳㣬ֱ߲ɫ԰ףɫΪء
ƿգͬкյĿ⣬Ȼ¶졣
ԭΪţڳЩϼһ⣬ֻݷһ˿ҵȤû뵽վֿһ˫ڵı䡭Ҳһ֮ƿ΢΢һЦŽȥ
ֳ㣬ֻʣĵ߲㣬ͿԴŰ׻˳ⵤƴֻǣʱͲ̫ѡ߲ΪŨ޷ڶʱҳȱڡ
ڼǽƿյʿĿһƲ㲨н͸ɲǣ˫ۺȻ޴Ѫɫͫ׻ó
ƱԴԱԴڴ˽ƴ󣡡ֵͺУ޴ͫȻϸ˿Х𣬳ǧ֮Ѫɫϸ˿ֻ̽ƣһɫǣֱ߲㣡
ֳ˲䣬·ĵȻһУڴڵǹɽ⣬Ǿ죡
ѣ°ɣƿյͳصУǽ˵󣬼ٵһ»һն콣ӰֱֺХȥ
Ǳ⽣裬־޷߲㣬˿ΣһԽʱɫԽƽǼΪ侲
ǽХɲǣ͵ת̧汾ԴǻûһƳУȴ߲ϣʱһ޴ӡȻ֣
ӡ
ҲһֵĻԴ̧֣ͬȴУǾ޴ӡ棬ȻһȼյĻӡӡһǰһǽ¡
ͬʱƿյ·Ǳѳݵĺˮڡ֮ǰһ˿ںʶ˿Ȼֵܵ־ʱϣˮУһ޴ɺˮɵӡȻӺںȻ
ӡĳ֣ۿɼļ˲٣ȫӡۣգ
ӡһ£ֱƿǵ
ӡȽӽɲǾǽ죬ӡֱӱͬʱǱԴĻӡȻ١
ʱɺˮɵˮԴӡȻգֱƿ佣һĻˮںϣһĻǻӡˮӡͬʱɱ
ȴˮ޴ӡ໥ٽ˲䣬ǺˮɢҪһ㣬ͬģǻԴһƣˮ£ҪϨ𣬵ȴΪˮֵıԴȫڻûʶûϨ𣬷ǿ
ҲûԤϵˮԴͬʱʩչȻЧȴǺˮɵӡȻˮɢʹǻӡʣȴǸΪңһ
һ̣ƿҲɫأһɨӡȻ£ǽӰţ·ˮӡ
һҵľУˮӡȻƿ佣Ϊģһ𣬺ϣˮһ˲ںϣԶԶһԴǿ֮
Ȼ
һؼ䣬ѻõıԴ֮˵ǿӵеģǱһͬʱˮֱԴ֮䣬ܱһֱԴ
ֱԴĳ̶ȣԶԶ˵һ
֮ԴֵһɲǣˮӡͬʱƿյĽͬҲǵһȫһɷĳ֮ܺ¡¡ȥ˷䣬Ӽۺˣɳ֮˵߲ƵŰ׻ֱȥ
ƿһΣˮӡУһ˳ʱȴһ˻Ȼֻ˾֪֮ʱַųֱƿա
˾ֵ̫ͻȻƾΪ˵ᣬ˿ٶȼ죬ɲٽڵץƿ͵һץ
ʱȡǡôɷƿɫһ䣬ֱҧ⣬˾ٵɲǣһѪѪ̻һѪɫȻն˾
һ̫죬ɲǼ䣬ǽ˾ϣұն£˾ĲҽУȻˣǱնµұۣȴǹĻٶȣȻƿڣ
ƿƺһѪ̺ɷչƻҼѱȥΪڣ̺ڵһ
ƿյѣĪҪˣպǻдʵƿպ̧ͷȥʱȥұ۵˾ܻһƬ𣬶֣ǴŰ׻ˣȫѪ˿У߲ڣ䣬ʧӰ
ֱȥ죬ƿպȻЦˣֻЦݼΪ
һνţޣӦûȤһΣлߣǿߣӦóΪƿյĽ¯ƿĿһתŴһȥɫв԰ףŵһսˣûʱȥˣҪȥɼ潻񣬰ⵤع鵽ǰɵ
ĵڣȻû˰ţʿȫ
Ϊħ޵
⣬ţϣӰû磬ǧͣ٣Ѫ͵תɫݣǱƴֵĵ
׻ȥɡһ飬Ͳͬ·ˣźԶһڵǽϽȥ֪ǣҪЩ·
ڴţȥ֪ͨͿɣֿԶк̧һжһöǴŵĴһһӣһĹ⼲۶ȥ֮죬תʧ
ṹͬҪʿٶȿֹ೤ʱԱյֲ֪
ڿǴ󣬰׻ĿһϳǴڲʹ֮ֵı飬ֹ
ѾţΪ˴ŵĳϡջؿǵĿ⣬˵쳣ڡ
أ׻˱ȭû˵лҲãһЦҲãС
Ҳأ¶ϵ΢Цһȭǿһȸ
ȸ̾Ҫ˵Щʲôջûпڣ˻磬Զһڵķ򼲳۶ȥ
ֱߺվͷӰת¿ǵɱһ
½δԹ˴ƿգ˿ɱ㣬£˾֮ǰĲҽУУΪʹƿΪΪŹ֣ƲߣΨǽ̫ˣ
ļȻĨȥʶΪ֮Ǻ«ڵǧ꣬һΪǿ˵ֻһεĻᣡ
⣬һֱǵȥ
Ϊ³çʵȴ϶ƿձضΪԼ󣬲ٴλʶľϣ
ҪɱƿգҪȻǽ󷨵̣½һɱ֮ˣ


1848 Ǳ
һֱӳⵤϿգ·εĽ󷨣Ҳ±ڵʿѰϢ
ɼΪսȫΪϢĻһ㣬ǵԶ۶ȥ
ȥʧ֮ʱȻ˽ӽħ޵ĺУҲʱӹĴħʿ
ЩʿΪȣ󶼴ڵڶУ࣬ȴҲԿһЩЩӹʱʶɢɨܣڷʲô
ħʿԽԽ࣬Ҳ˿ǿߣʹֵǰУ˫Ŀһ̻磬ֱӳ·ε󷨽ڣ˫ͫѪ˿ȫɲǾͳǽУһ˿
ӵнƱԴ˿ƱԴȥģֵ󷨣ʱ䵹ҲĲᱻ˲
ǵ߲СڼۣѰڣϷգٽħޣԽԽħʿ
Щʿʮһ飬һɫ࣬Х
һ·Щʿǲôʿ˵ǻţޣ˭šֻһ˿ϿһӶħʿİ̾
֮ɱ¾֮Ĳпᣬʲôطڣ½ˡ
䱾ûоУҲΪǼǿΪ֮˴ڣѹ˷˲κ˼
ĬУֺȻɫһ͵̧ͷܵһΪǿĲԶⲨʿɢһ
ȥһ˲䣬ȴԶħʿХʿУǿˣڶϱĸͬһ㡣
м䣬һԼɴСľ޴Ĺģ
˹ͨڣǹҲǺɫģ͹ޣһɭζܡ
ǹ⣬Ǵԩ꣬ƴģγ˲㲨ƣŰ˷ɢ
ƼΪأǹ£нٸʿΪתȫסķš
ڿǴĵһɲǣ˫Ŀһ˻һĸܵǴڣһʿ
ʿںһ·Ӱ֮Ͽʱһʶӹɢɨһɢȥ
ֱʿԶȥֿԶĵģĬ
ʿϵķ
ͬĴģµʱУһ˰˸Щ⣬һЩͬӴ󣬵Ӹļ֮ɱ׼ĴΧ
ЩȫǽɴС˵Ϣɢܣγѹ
˵ز˾Ҫսپ󾡿뿪ЩľԽԽ侲˵󷨣ĽӽԽӿħ޵ĺܵĴڡ
ǰĿһڼۣܿ죬ǰ棬ֱʵĴ죡
˴죬趯󴵴֮вɢȻ
˴£һòŮӣŮһ̣˿ͷü̡
Ůԣֻһ֮ǰ֮ˣ꣬ӣ·󺣣֪Щʲô
ܣʿһڣһĿ
ŮڣЩ˿֪˿ǵϿգĻڴڵν󷨵ĵ߲УǣĿ⣬Ůеϣ࿴˼ۡ
ˣѴõ֣ҾͲڣ̣Ψһ֪ҽ뵤֮ӵбԴƣĽҲо֪һеص㡣
Ψ֣֪Լⵤſȥҵƿգɱ¾ȫߡ̣ҲѰƿյص㣬ããҪҵһˣֻ̣
ֻһ֣ọ̃Ҫ߳һɻǻᱻ·֪֮ĵ
һҪ죬Щ߳һҲܸŮӽϢĻᡭüͷ΢壬·ʿֿ˿˴졣
˴죬ӦһЩѰ졣һ·
˴£Ůе̣üͷĸ
֣κʿڣǴһ㲨ƣ󷨲쳣оٶ
ŮڣȫɫС㣬ûһ׹⣬ֻȴˮ㣬һ㲨
ŮĿһϵشӡǰϣû˿֡
ⷬٶӵע⣬ǰһ̣΢΢һЦ
Ҫɹˣƿմʦڣһްġ
ŮӳĬƬ̣˵ͷ
ƿմʦѾڳˣò˶ãƬͻʧʱǾͿԿǴ˵еİɵΣŮ̧ͷĿ⿴Զ
ڣ˶˵Ľ̸ڶɫв˶ߣ˿һ
ʱͻȻ̷ҵĺ֮ͬʱӿ죬Х
ڲͬλãȻ˾Ÿ޴Улתȴо춯صĺ
ʦֿʼˣŮȫȥ̣Ŀ¶һ˿ڴԶ档
ͬʱ˴ڣһȺԼʮ˵ʿ飬Ӻ׷ɳֱŮڵĵطȥ
һִŮӷɺħ
ʮħʿգǵĳ֣ûŮʿע⣬ȻĽѰ
ûע⵽սڣص֣˿˫ĿͻȻһ˿Ĺ⣬˻һ˿·ʮħʿ·˲䣬ԼٶֱһɲǾһʿĶڡ
ȥһ˲䣬ʿһ٣˫¶ãֻǺܿͱƽȡŶ飬ٵĽӽ˴Ůӡ
ִֻڼ۶ʿڵһɲǣµŮе̣ͻȻһ£ʾһ㣬Ůһ㶣̵ͷȥֻĿʱһжˡ
ôˣŮԱߵ꣬Ůɫ仯ʵ
Щԣʾ𶯣ӦǷħʿ뵽˵ڣŮɫΪء
ó䣬һʱʦ֣һ֮Ҫת̣һ˲ʲô
겻˼̧𣬰ŮӵıŮ˫¶֮ậʦ𽻸ķ̡
ûȥ⣬Զ۶ʮ֮ǰɳħʿȺħʿڣԽԽ
һǱɱĿ⣬ʮʿУ֣


1849 ɵ
Ůе̣䲻ϵĴӡ£ģڷתҪ¶һ˲䣬ֽһʿڶȡһĻ
˿̣ڵһʿŮӣǧɣֲٿصǸʿ˿˫ĿһͻȻһֱԽǰʿǼ˲쿴˲䣬ǰǸʿ
ǰʿһӣΪﵽ˵ڿڵӣҪͷȥһ˲ֲٿصǸʿ˫Ŀ¶֮âüһ˿ɲǽ˫Ŀڡ
һм죬ڷ˲䣬һ¶ܿƽϢ侲
Ƕ̵ŮӣͬһһɲǣҵۿҪ¶ߵ˲䣬Ǳ˿˫ĿǿвٿӣȻһȥֱǧŮӶȥ
;УӺˮڷһκɫҺ壬֪ǺɳƣֱԽɣڴ˵Щϥʿһ˫뿴˲䣬̧һκɫҺ壬ֱǰ
ɫҺһ֣̾ŨŨıԴϢɢŮӵ͵̧ͷһ۾ͿɫˮΡ
˫ĿͫȻһ
򾻻ҺŮ¶𾪡
ŶԷ֮ʱǱֲٿصӣٴԽɣŮӣɣ
ӽⲻɵɲǣ˵˴죬ͻȻƻصХ֮˲䣬Ůе̣¶˷ִڷɳһʿڵһĻ
վסŮһ̷һУҪˣ꣬ͬ¶Ȼ
ԴɢŮӼеͬʱǱֲٿص̷һͺȻһ˿Ȼ֡
ֳֵһ̣֮ǰŮǰĺɫҺ壬ͻȻīһܣٵӣת֮£ԲǧڣȫΪ˺ɫ
ٸϥʿǸոշӦһ˲̻ĲҽУǵ弱ٸʴ˲Ϊ˺ˮ
ͬʮħʿҲȫīУߣȫ
ͬʱһ˻Ȼȴʧȥһֱֻ۵˾Ļûֱ˴𣬺һ죬һ˴ֱӱ˾۶ϣһΣˣ
һжŮһվסͬʱΪ٣
ǰһȥɵľɲٽŮ˺˲䣬ϳֵݣɫ¶־һɲŮӺУ̧̣һи֪ȥһ̣
Ȼ̧Ŷֱһָ

һֶϸ˿أֱӲŮϣȻһ٣ȫֶ
ɫĿ־̣Ůӵ־̲һ磬ȴס
һŮһù̵ͬʱ˿ûϧ֮ģ̧һŮüġ
ŮȫһֱӻһƬѪͬԪȫִһ˦䣬Ѫɨֱȥڣͬʱ˦ѪһȴѪ֮ȥֱȡͷ­
Ҳڴ˿̣ڶˡ˴죬˾ֱ۶ϣ
ǧɷΧĺīۣ˲СֵǰһκҺһڡ
һУˣʿȫŮӣյ꣬꣬˴죬ȫϣ
ɫв԰ףһжҪľǿ죬˿꣬ʱ˾һֱ׶ȥʧӰ
ˮڣһ·ۣ̣ʶӿڣžž֮䣬˫ĿѪ˿ȴǽƱԴȻ𣬺УֱĨȥϵʶ̳Ϊ֮
ǻˣ޷һ㣬ӵнƱԴȴǿ
ӵ̣͵ӵⵤϵĽƴĿ˸ںˮ߼䣬ϸĿ̣˿̵ĵڣֻɫĹ㣬һΪĿ
ɫĹ㣬ȫں֮ϣȻƿʩʱͣںˮڡ
ǴĿɫ㣬¶ɱ
ƿգһˣһΣƴڣɲʧ֮ʱȻⵤĺ
Ӹһû̲ܵĺˮپ¡¡ҲҪ⺣ˮľһ
ͷһ̣˿ƿڣȻԶȴɫһ˿ܱľĺˮ
ҪҷǧꡭֳвδǰУһֱ׶ȥ
˿ˣϣŸ޴Уתа˸⣬кĵھС
мתԽתԽ죬ģܵİ˷оźˮ¡¡Ʈ𣬾ȻмĵھΪģͬת
ǵھƿϥɫв԰ף˫ֲϵ
˵굤һɵºûʵϣﲢɵǰѣƿĿһȻ̧ǰݺݵһץ
һܵĺˮת죬ʼȻۣۣˮϡ٣һ˿˿Ȼɢ
˿̵ĵͬһأصģһ޴ĺˮУתϣħʿЩһɫأ뿴·
ڵȣƿ۳ǰɵըţޱϣ
ͬ䣬Ҳڵȣƿ۳ɵһ˲䣬ѣ
ʱţƿո޷ȥ۲ܣϵʿҲȫƿϣûΪϴεĵڣţʿ
󷨽ڣһ飬赣ģ
˿̣û˲˴۶ϣ̵ǵĿ⣬ƿȥ
ϾûʲôĿĴ콾֮һƿգɵҪˡ
ƿԼҲδֻȥ
˿ǵھڣɫأ˫ٴһָȴк䣬ΧȻСת֮£ʹ޾ʮɣ
Ӵĵˮһ̣ȻΪʮɵУһĻϵħʿһ
ƿ¶΢ЦͺһȫΪΪΪŹ֣˿̱Ҳ˿ʲô磬ֻܸܵһĽ
һɽ⣬ְ˷
ʦ۵ɵΪ˽ҵһ콾֮ϣԶݵһ˵ݣȥʳݣýʸ񣡡ƿĿһܵʮɺˮٴۣȻɣٴɣ
Ӹ߿տȥֻɷΧĺˮĵط¶˺ɺĴأ֮ޣ˿̷׷ױ


1850 ɵ
Ǻ¡صƿɫΪأ˫ֲϱ仯ӡɵĺˮȻٴһɣ
ƿɫ԰ףⷬٶ˵ҲǲСĸ˿⺣ˮһ֮ʱ̧һӼ䣬һƿ֡
ֱƿڷɳһνɫҺ塣
ɫҺһ֣ʱأŨƿһ㣬ܣƿһָʱɫҺֱӷƿɺˮС
ɵһܶ˶֪ҲҪɵɹ˿һ㣬Ϊȱһӣ
ӣνɫҺ壡ƿ¶΢ЦνɫҺ壬ΪħѰҵ֮
⻯ɵһ壡ֻôſ԰⻯ɵ۳ĻɣǼޣ
вˣʱòֹͣ޷ٴۣʹúˮɢմˮٴγɵ
һΣƿռȻ֣Ѿȫ׼ʧ
۳ɵԴըţϣһ㣬ƿճЦУ˫ʱڵĺˮǽɫҺ󣬷˾ҵı仯Ǻˮڣķ
Ȼһδɵƣǧɡǧɡһǧɣ
۵ԽСɵԽһǧɣƿ˫ĿֱӱպϣһɾĽɢǧɺ͵һʶȫ뵤ڣûбȫĵĳ
֮ʿУǧɺˮٴȻ˰˰ɡɡɣ
һûнŰɣٵ
⺣ˮ޷壬䣬˰ɵļֻʱ򣬾˴ţΪɵۣҼΪȣһпǰը룡
ҲΪħҪϴһʧƿղŻ۵ԭڡֻǣ˵ؽ󷨵Եʣûֵ֪Ĵڣ
֣ҪϢڣ޷
ۿҪɹʱƿ⣬һʧȥˮݵĺڣͻȻһϢϢֵ֣һɲǣ̧Ųǰһȥ
ɲʧ֮ʱȴƿǿҪɵĺˮ֮⣡
ֵľͻȻһ̾ͱʶȻۣȴϵʿһЩɲǲ׷ɫУһֱֶȥ
ٶ죬ָ죬ƿհɺˮ⣬˼Ȼ̧һѪ֣Ȼһն
նƿգնǰɺˮУ
ס֣һĵͺ䴫ͼֹ֣Ϊֵ־ǿֹ
Ҵ˿̵ƿգȫǺˮڣͺѷֵĳּΪͻȻյʱ伫Ϊ
ƿܳΪĴ콾֮һżȻһµ˲䣬Ȼ͵˫ۣڿֺ𺳣ֱҧһѪͬʱʶҪǺˮڳ
һѪ̻һѽӰնµѪֱӾһ𣬺һ죬ѪѪ
ƿɫ԰ףѪӰȻ
㣡ƿɫʶΧۿҪȫӺˮڳһһ㣬ͿڳֶǣƣֻӻϢϷٳͻ٣ʱ־ߣ
ֵôʱ䣬һı󶯣˾ͱƿӹһб仯ʿٵʱ䣡
Уʶۣʿ޷󷨣ɲ٣ֻУǼǸոٽɣʱⵤ󷨣ȻһתȴǱֱӸı䣬ֻܽܳ任ܳܽ
ҴΧ³ǡôٵʿǰһʿֹˣǵĳȴʹ󷨣Ҫļ
ҪĲסǣҪʱ䣬дӣ㹻ˣ
ƿʶҪȫߵɲǣѪȴͻȻ˻ԴһץסǵѪȻٴһն
һն֮£ٶʱְյ˼£֮ǰһǰᣬһɱڣ
һХƿ˫۴Уһŭ˼޵ŭУֱӾնǰɺˮϣһ͸ǺˮȻһ٣ת
һɻϢɺˮڶʱɢϢƿεĻأԺɱһ飡
ƿյʶǺˮڻһЩ˿̰ɺˮնǻϢɢ˲䣬̱شѪӺԥķˣһ̵Ҳȥ֣ǰɺˮ˵Ƿһı˵ͬǺѻָش
ͬһ̣ǳʿȫһһɻһϢأǽ󷨣Ű˷
ɵҪըȻ䣬ʿһɢһеļɢӶҪŲƣ󷨱ֲٿأһҲ߲ˣ
͵ת˼ŲţһƻɲǾҪʧ
ʱǱնİɺˮһأţħ޵ĺ֮£ʿѪ˫
ƿոǽһģ¶
ҲŹ㣡һͬʱǰɺˮȻըŤزһ޷ݵĻ֮ܺɨȥ
ɵǰը
ӦǷڿţ޵λñţޱϵͬʱţ޵Ĵأʹţ޳ִΧ̮߽⣬ɼĴˡ
˿̣ɵȴⵤмըһܵ˺ģͲţһޣħޣ
ƿյӾ̫˿ܷ̾ӶݣԱǻ֮УƾĽΪǿĳ£Ҳ˿ûл֮
أҪȥǻ֮ȻϮͬһŴһ飬ɲǣӰǰһʧ
رǻ֮֮ز߽⣬ȫ俪¶·һƬǿյޣ
ɻ֮ת֮¾ʹõʧţ֮ͬʱײţ޵Ĵ½ħ޵Ĵ½ϣ
䣡
ţһ𣬺оѵţ޵ıݣֱӱͬʱħϣͬˣϣѿɽ嵹
ţϣһ˲һͷӴޱȵľţӰûħ޵ķ򣬷
ţħ֮ϣһֻ޴ħ޵ɫЫӣû˻ǾţԺ


1851 һ
ڣʿڶ࣬ƿշǵɵ̫п˵ǵһֱ߽⣬ӵжǿĽ⣬ɵըУҲͬһֽ
Уȫȫʧˣħʿ˺֮ˣ޷ܿ٣ȴǻ֮УǾ£Ȼճһ޴ӰӰһˣ˿ӣֻһ޾Χȫдħʿ䡣
ǻ֮ٽ£Ӱˣ֮յıܿǻĳʧӰʵϣʧһ˲䣬Ӱ˴ˡ
Ϊޣţ޵ĴأλòƬƬ½ǳţڲɨγһɲ֪೤ʱĳ졣
ͬħϣ½غ鿪գһƬͬһƬƣ
ɵڵըĻһٽţ޵λñţ޵Ļ𣬽Ϊء
ɴˣҲԿɵĲأ
ɵըγɵĻֱ֮ʧ˴룬ޱԵ֮ϵĳȴɴڡ
ħڳĬûиıţ޵ļƻϣڵһϵĴ£ٴ߳ʿ򵤺ޣſŻû˱ϵţޣ
ڣһΪﵽ˿սߣ٣˼ʮ磬ڶǰս֣һɱ¾ߣҲһ֮У𵽼õ
ţޣһƬޱɽУɽڶ࣬һƬ谵һƬɭ
ǴؼĺХʣͬԩ˻
Уһ̮Сɽϣϥһ׷꣬֡
˿̵֣ɫ԰ףʱ䣬ȫУǰĵϣһЩȻɿݵİɫѪУ
ǻ֮Ŀֲûгֵϣسɴ뿪ɻǱǻನɨ
˵ֻɨһ£һ˲䣬˹ͷѣѪԪֱسҲ޷ܣѪ˼ϥ£ٵˡ
ǻѰʿһμǲҲˣֵǵһֻ˲
Ļƻ裬ֵһ˫ۣ˼üͷһ壬˳Уǿɬ̧ͷ˿գǻƻ裬ﱻ֣Ȼֲ¡
ֵˣЩƣƿǰ˵ŹҵĻ¶пǷ߷ȴǳ
һ䱾Ӱ죡ǲ֪Ӱж󡭡ƣӦòС
һõֵͷ԰׵ɫУ¶һ˿һ䣬Ĺ˸ȴڣһ̡
̿Ϊӣ֮ǰڵĵͼȻʧȡ֮ģִ˿һƬţ޵Ĵء
棬û˿Ĺ㡣
׽ƵҲںϺҵĽƱԴӡкܴôҲؼںϡ֮Ըˣ׽һĹ
֮ǰѾԭߵĽƣɢܣת֮£ʹڷΧСУǿֻܳܽ
ƻָ߰˳ɵӣӦްˮԴɣҪϻشţ֪򣬴Ƿյˡ
ʱӦûûУţ޴ǰ𶯣ضһЩע⡣ֳվӣĿһһץгһö
ƽȴǼ¼ֵڶν뵤һ·ɱ̣˴죬ֱնɵʹɵǰƿ˷һĻĻ
ֱ뿪ûбӰȥ
ֲǳé®¶ʿټź֪һɣͶǻ÷ҩص㣡
⹦ֻͣ˵ض˲ɲţõķȻǰȫӰ¼һеαһ֪
һְԼ̵һĻĨֻնɵһϵ飬Щ㹻ˣ
дͿţҪŵھŲĶػ̣ĽƺһΣֱţ
Хڷɳɺֽ²ƻһ˲ʧӰ֮ʱȻţԶǵ½
һ·ûͣǰС
ʱţתۼ䣬Ǵ£ڣȻ̫ԶֻسɴǷеĻµʱա
Ȼţ½أɽһƬ̣˿ûܵӣϾţ̫ˣֻһСֶѡ
سɴļЪУϥϣ۶ߣһ·ϣ⣬ˣµʱ䣬Ȼָ˰˾ŲӣԺԲơ
һգУȻ̧ͷ˫Ŀһǰֻǰؼ䣬Ĺ˸ĹУһֻɫֽף
⼸ֻֽŲͬķ򼲳ۣ֮죬ֻҪѸ٣һ֮¾ʧӰһֻǡǴ·ʧһ˲䣬ʩչɲǰֽ׶ʮ⣬С
ʶֽڣʱУһϵ
ħ֣ٵըţޱϣմ٣ţһڣһټţٷɽһпսʿȥǰٳţѨڣ٣
Ŀһɿֽ׵ֽ֣Ĺһ䣬ХȥʧӰ
Ŀ¶˼ֿǰգ뵽˺ܶ࣬ãüͷȥĥЩͷޱϼ۶ߡ
ֻعŵ·ϣʱȥ˶ʮһ̣ⵤڣħ޼ʮսʿΪǲ飬˿̺Хǵ񣬾ǲһֶΣţ޵ĵʿ
ɱԽ࣬սʤԽ
󣬴Լһ·̵ľ룬ħ޵ʿ磬أޱ޼һ١
ʿ󷽣һֲĽӰһĽ⣬ĸţһѽɫĹŽ˽֮ϣϥһ꣬һͷ磬òӢɫƽȴЩ԰ףԶңңţ޷ϸ˫Ŀڣ¶һ˿ĺ⡣
ҷΪսٳڣ˳ȥ㣡
µǰѽɫĹŽɢһɼΪߵϢڴ˽棬ûһŻ۽׵ӰӰߴޱȣ͸һɲɣ
˽


1852 ²⣡
һ²⣬飬Ĺֽ׺ĲͷħҲãţҲգ塣
޵ţҲйһЩɱңֱǿըݴţɱԷڵ飬Ĳ²⡣
飬Ѿ֮˽Թ൱սˣ
˼ϣҵĲ²⣬棬ĻԽ࣬Ҷ壬ҲԽûдڸС
ֻΪҲ²ĿģһУĺħҲãţҲգޱϳĬ˺ܶ࣬뵽˴УԼ뵽ţ˵ŵ棬Լĵ
棬̲һĿģĿģڴţħޣΪҪ
ʶħһδţСΧɱһչ˾ֱʣ俪½һţ
ʶںܶǰǨƵţڣأ仯ֻΪˣĳﻮõأ
ֳĬ쿪ƣ̳һСˣСˣ֮ûȥر仯ȭ
ǰ֪ΣҵĵҲܲǴŵҵУһܱ仯Ҳ㵽һв²⣬ԴˣҴ𰸰ɡ΢΢һЦûȥǷ飬ܣһЩ˿ϣһЩ²⣬Ҫģӡ֤⼸²⣬ȥһЩΨһһĴ𰸣
飬óߣȥսңǰȥ
ʮֵӰ˴ŵɽ⣬ֵɲǣ̱ХָǸܵţƴ֮УһƬŤ
ģƬصŤУɢ˫ĿͫɱƬɱǴŻŴתһ֡
Ťƣϸ£ȴܵţƴɱ֮УͬҪĻɽЩѹ֡
ֻĿһɨ󣬸ĸо棬ĴХɲٽ̲ͬ˽ɱ
ֻɱڿֵӺɢɣ绯ˣվǰ
ˣųϣڵӡ
ϣһϣйһ֮ԵڵһսʱԹս
ħ޺俪ţޱϣع֮ˣ۳ϵӣΪΣҪܵѲ󷽿ɽڡǳϱȭ˵
һϣֱͬȭԴǿػ߰ţԸߡ
ӣҲ׷׹ĵͷʱɨ֣ǵһΣ
޷ս£ӦˡԺЦͷûн⡣
΢Ц˿ǱҪʵڲԸֽΪŵ˴ֵĲ죬ʵǲֵ
񿴵ֺͣҲ΢Ц˸Ľύ֮ġ
óƣȻӡʶ֤Ԫ񣬲һѪ֤һ˱ȭڡ
ֵͷ̧һץг֮ǰػʱóƣŶ˵棬ʶָֻǣγһѪǰһӣֱ϶ȥ
һһѽӹһָʱŵĻ󷨺Ȼһγһѹֱֶɲٽ壬ڴ͸ɨ
һĸܵѹΪ죬ҪãڶԪʶ˲䣬жԼԪĽܶȡ
ͨЩжԼݣͬʱѹɨϣ˫֤ɢȥ
ֱ˿̣ϲɫȫиƻ֣һЦĪ֣ͨ󷨻صˣҵְȥ޷飬Ϻ
ԸУǶԼȻҲˣڶεУΪ壬Ȼйʣ΢΢һЦŶ˱ȭҪȥʱȻʵ
ǲڷʲô顭
໥ۣһ˵ڣǰһħʿڣ³ϵһɱ
ŭš˵ⳤϿЦȭ뿪
ֳĬһλ磬У뵽ڣ֮ǰѹֵĸоԽӵǿ
ڣһؼ伱ٷУӴŸɽ֮ڣһ޴ϣ޷봢ռڣʶܶʿ˹ˣȥ˸ɽ塣
ŵļĴҩɽҲ˴ĵӣժҩݣָļרĳ
ɽڣΪĲȻһϣ˿̴ڱչͼԼʱ۷壬Աִڵһ׮׮
ŵɽ壬ֵǻɽ⣬ˣΨɽһƬƽû˿
ĿɨУֿԼɽУɺϥ䶴һ
һһ˦δصԼɽ壬ֱţڵȥ
ϣ
ǷӲμϣ
ӣϣ
һ·ǿֵŵӣһͣӣżԵ顣
ֽŲͣͷХ۶ߣΪףȫжʱ˴ڸɽеĳע⣬ʶһɨ󣬼֣׷ɢȥ
ʱֵǰңңɼһ˲ƣֱӳ⣬ɽһȭֻƽƶ
ţˣ
壬֮ǰЩͬ˿̱һƬɫϡƣֻﴫ¶һȱڡ
ţ˵ɢ
ûԥֱȱڶȥȱڱûһΣ˳ɽϥʯͷϵţˣԶһΪʵԪһСˣţ˿ͷ
վԱߣţĵСˣû
Ƭ̺СͷΣɫ¶ƣţȭУʧӰ
յˣ£һţ˱ŵ˫ۻ΢Ц֡
ħ޶ţСΧɱ⻹ǵһ˴ֱʣȻҵķ
¶ʱ޷ħţǿϼһΪ൱Ҳ޷һˣͿսˣţ¶⣬˵ⷬȻ֮ǰԻ֮ܵܵĽЩֹ̫ۡ
ɫ糣ϥţ˶棬ţˣȻڡ
ҪػھŲĶػ


1853 ֹ
ţĿһĬػھŲĶػǴڵǿ֮ԭֵҲ޷һ˵ҪھŲ㡣
ػеʮ㣡УţȻڡ
ɫƽ˫ͫȴ
ʮ㣬Ҳȥһ㣬Ҵֻһ̤룬֮أţڣ˵֮󣬱ٴγĬ
ͬĬЩ²ⲻţ˵ⷬĿġ
ãŹһʱ䣬ţ˿Զգٴοڡ
ĹͣõھŲػ
̧һжһö򣬵ݸţˡ
ô
ţüͷһ壬һۣӹöʶӿ룬һ֮£̶ݣ̧ͷٴɨһĿ֮ڡ
ֱеնɵȫ꣬ţֵĿ⣬졣
ΪȻжϳڵһȫʵԼܵر仯Լŵİӻ㱨İѷڵһ飬Ժ
Ǵ˿ֵƾָܻ˰˾Ų㣬ôһ˿ڣʱ޷ȬһУ˵ʵԡ
ãããţ򣬴Цһӣʱһɰ֮ڣ֮ص䣬ֵƣ˲ϢȬ
һΣ˴󹦣ҴйһҪͣھŲĶػҿԸ㣡ҪӦһţĿ⾼֣ԽĶ־Խͣһ治ǴŵĴ棬ѡ֮ˣȻ뵨
ʲôֲûΪţ˵Ļа֮ɫƽĿŶԷ˵
ɱʮħ޿սٳʿɱħ޿սʿ󣬽뵽ػھŲ㡢ʮ㣡
飬뿪ţ
һһ𣬳Ĭȷڻ·ϣѾ⣬׼ڰԼӦһЩⳡսУѡܿ
ϾĿǶڣңԶĵһ޷ţ̫ͣãټһεսңһЩ²⣬͸Ը̫ࡣ
һ㣬ȻţѾûǿȥ˵Ӧģ뵽
Ĭ˺ܾã̧ͷţصĵ˵ͷ
ͼʲôϾаȣֵԸȥΪ𣬾ЩѣϣɵĿܡ
ֵͷţ΢΢һЦǴһ˦һöӵɳֱֶȥ
һѽӹǴŵļǿ֮ػһصھ
Ҫƹս½ȫϣֻ֮꣬ҪԼѡˣûкʵģȥѰһţ˵ţһץһ֣ڴ˲Ĳϣݸ֡
ִһ˦ǹڣţ˱ȭתȥ
ʱ䲻࣬һ뼸ϣȥţѨĳһѨأţ˻ֶƣûлͷ뿪塣
һ·ڿգֻصԼɽ壬ɽ뿪ʱڻͬϨֻͨѣֽŲ̤ɽһ˲ɽٴȼջ𺣣ɢ֮
Ŀ֮еķɺΣ˫ۣĿ¶һ˿ңҧ´˰첻ٻЩ
˿̵ϾȥᷯɺΣԼĶϥºڵĹŷɳһָƺʱһƹĲϣƯⶴڡ
ЩϣӲͬÿһǼΪ֮ϾţͳƷʾѡ
ЩϣгǶػĹʶڣĿھһģоͰƹķ
ڵļ¼֣ƷʣΪСϡΣÿһΣӦػ
ڴڣӴӵеֻǳƷܴﵽƷģΨгϣ߱ȽܵӵĸĵӣɱʦƷ
ǷɺεĹƷ֮
һ˵ƷĹѾΪǿʩչˣΪһ㣬ڷɺУԼ֤
ӵƷƷ϶ػǿĳ̶ȣΪֲھƷ̫ƣžƷĹֻһˣ
һ˹ǴŵĻɽǿչ˼£ֻǿ˲̶ֳȵѡ
Щ飬¼ڣҲԼжϣԺڸ֡
ſƣꡭֻҪʿģҲΪԽԽáꡭüͷһ˵
ڵĽУ˻ޣһ˲䣬ִ벻ʣԹγɵһ˿ܲһִڡ
һ˿Ϊõԩ꣬һ˿޷ۣʶԻãڴУ֮о꣬ģҵһ˻ǰƵַ
ַֻƵ꣬µĥ£ʶȡԺΪ˻ޣֻƷ࣬ҲֻƷѡ
ΪЩֻ꣬ܳصĻӣһˣԼͻ޷ܱ
꣬Կһ־ֻ־ǿҾµĥºԽӵǿſԳĴϵļػӡ
ػԭȻҪ־־Ϊϣһػʧڣ־ԽǿԽǿֳУЩػĽṹ
¶̾£ǿĥ
֮ˣضʾֿ֮򣬳̾һ
ʵܺ⣬ּǵԼСʱ򣬻ûнӴ޵֮ʱӴ˿УżһЩ˭̸ֹ֮
ʱǼ˾ͻȥسһЩˣɢ֣ͼİ֮ġ
ֵļǵСʱҲ飬Щˣ˿̱ػԭ˼䣬Ҳ
ֹ֮˵Իһ࣬˿һЩֵĻ棬У޷԰ΣǱ˵
֣Ų˶ңͬģҲһ뷳ı֡Ŀ⾼е
ֱ޵֮󣬻νֹֻһؼڵԹĳһʱ̣һЩ˵Ĳ붯ȻȻģͳ˹һϵлþ
⣬ػڣҲǻ
νĶػ˵˾Ȼ˼򵥡ʲôԹ֮˵򵥣ʵ뵽ֶΣһɷͨڵ֮ˣ¶


1854 Ƚ
壬뿪֮ţϥɽ嶥Զأ֮૵˵ΨŵĻ
ɻʳû꣬ħ޹ȻͲסˡһܣǳȷֻЩϸ΢ĵط룬ķʽ̫ͣʺľˡ
ħ޵ĿģҲҴŵĿġͬҲǹһڵĿġţ¶΢ЦȻڡ
Ƚ
仰һУʱһƬˮڻûһӣӴɫۣòѰȴһɿսڵΪɢһ߳վţ˫ֱȭɫΪ
Ƚʦ𣡡
ڵţûлͷɿԶգ˵
ӵһڵŷۣʦڵħ޵ħʹ߽սʦµķԸʦҶˣװУһµӶݣʶˡ
պһͬȥţѨţ˱˫ۡ
ɫ糣˫ȴ΢ɲһͷ˺󣬻һƬƣʧС
ʱ䣬ת۾͹ȥ죬УɽûǶػУҰеͳͳ˿̣ǰնػڵַһ˺ɫķ졣
ⷫвڻ֯ķʽһ༯֯ǲʵȴֻƶѡ
ֻδȫɹֻɣû꣬Ψ󣬷ʩչػ
ⶴڣ˫Ŀһ̧ǷһץѴֱץУһΣⶴڣеһ뿪
ǵţ˵Լֻʱ䣬죬ҪȥǴŵĹ壬ȥѰһ꣬뷫ڡ
Ӱʧֳ֮ʱȻȼյɽ⣬ĿһɨűӵеĴŵͼ壬
˼ּۣһӰֱȥ
ڿԵλãһأ޾ƽеǰΨʱŻڸʦĴ£˵Ѱҡ
ЩΪĺĵӣŻԼǰ
ڣ˴ռĴ꣬ЩƷʲߣȴʤ׻ãϾԻƣû壬ܶӵĹ޷ɡ
ʱʱ䣬ϵʼղ̫࣬Ͼɣ󼫴
ЩвǺܾ֮ǰ֮ռɵ͵˵أֻ¾ܾܺãĥµģʵ̫̫١
о󲿷֣Ǳֱӷӡպеǰȡߡ
Ļƻ裬ջģΪѹ֮ʱֳ˹⣬ǱƵɽ壬һƬɭ棬ƴڻȪһ㡣
ȴû˿ʣΪ⾳ûȪֵһУƽһ㡣
ֻأȪܱ䣬ֲİŲûаͣ٣ǹȥ뵽ǹ֮ڡ
ٽһ˲һɽƲֵĴɢܣȷǷнʸ
ܿ죬ƾɢƽ̤뵽ڣ
壬һͺͺɽ壬ɽܸߣҪ͸һ㣬ûвľеֻһذ
Щذ飬ǧ֮࣬ɽȫ
ɭϢ֣վǱ˫ۣƿԸܵ޾˻һƬžָоȴǼΪǿҡ
߹һذԸܵÿһذڣ˻ٵ꣬Щ󶼴ڱӡ״̬ʱһЩƷӡɶƮɢ
һ·Ĭʶɨɽ嶥ȥԽϣذڴڵԽ٣ֱֿҪ̤ɽʱһڲͬķأ
˷֮ϣΨһһĹģĹּģ͸һɲɣζƲ֪˶¡
Ĺ£һŰɫĳŮӣŮӹӿ
ǿ񣬺ЩģܳǼž紵ǱֵİŮ˿һЩ
ǰŮӣֽŲͣûмɽ壬ǿɫƽ
ֹͣŮƲˣȴûлͷ
ҵĹãһĵǰŮﴫƮ죬ƴңԶĵطƮϸ
ˡֳĬƬ̣ڡ
ֻ˵һ˲䣬ǰŮӺȻһҪͷȴһºûлͷ
ܿңҵĿŮ֮Ķ
ԡƽڣʵԸ⣬ԿһеӣԴżĹ
ֲֵͬͬ
㲻ҪȵˡҲĻꡭŮĹϵּڡ
̧ͷĿԽɽ嶥߰˸ذڣɢƣ꣬ǻ񣬿ƳƷ
⣬ҲǹУƷõˡ
Ҳҵʬ壬ֻҵĹǰŮ˵ţֿ
ֳĬƬ̧̣ŲԽɽ嶥ǼƷʽϸߵڷذ߳ǰŮӿЩ
ҵʲôطҵļʲôطҵˣʲôطŮӵֵĽŲ
ʲô֡
ˡŮӿУҡͷ
Ժ󣬽ɡֻУȻת̧ǰһӣһŮӵӰȻʧʣģֻһĹķذ
ʱ䲻ã뿪ˣûѡЩƷʵĻ꣬ѡŮӣŮӵĻֻ꣬һ˳ƷĹ
Ůӵһʲôطʲôطȴֵģһ
뷫ڵḶ̫́ãһʱ䣬㹻ˣŮӵĹֵ˹ɫ䣬Ϊ˰ɫ
ǰɫķڣʱӿ֮񣬻иһ׷ŮӿıӰ
ڵĻƻʱ֣һ糤͸ƣƯϥڶڵǰ
ȥţѨأڴţصͬʱƮǰһ
˫ĿĿƽʶһɨһϢԺ
棬޾µʱ䣬ţϣһٳ߸ص㣬߸ص㣬ǻţ޵֮ţ߸Ѩܱ
߸ţѨڣԽţγɼǿ󷨽ƵͬʱǿΪţ޵ʿ֮
ţһ֮ʱֵĵħ޵һδΧ֣û˿׼


1855 ţѨ
ţѨǳפڵеĵӣǴŵİӣ
룬Ҳض򵥣ħ޼ǿ󣬿ܼϣҲ޷ǰŵһȣ
Ϊһ棬ǵʦһǰĵͳˣ
ţ򣬲ֻ֣Ǹһλϣ
վӣɨ䣬ݵ߳ɽ壬߳ɽ˲䣬ɽĻ󣬻˻Դںϣˡ
һӻһ磬ŴɽŶȥ
󣬻һХһǰһֱɽš
ٶȶǼ죬ûãǵʹԽǰһ̤ɽ֮⣬һµӡ
òѰתȻٵ֡
ϣȽӴĿһۣڡ
£ɫƽӡ
ϺڴŵӣЩΪϹ⣬еĳЩӡֻӣȴǵһ
Ǻǣ֮ǰ氲꣬ҲǸոջãȻ΢΢һЦ
˵䣬ɽںХڶǰһһŮˣŮӣӣһꡣ
ϣû뵽һҲͬСȽʶЦ
ﳤ³һͬҲĳҡǽȽӣһЦ
ϡǵɫƽȽһȭ㲻ԸĬһ㡣
ֿˣΪҲǿսٳڣǽȽӣΪǴﵽ˿սڵӣ뵱߲ΪһоȴǴΪ磡
ڣȻΪǿȣֵ۷Ϊʵ޷Ƚϡ
ִ˵ͬʱ⣬Ҳڹ۲֣ӣȻӵһ
ػ֮߰ˣСĿɨİ
ܴӵڰȫ뿪ǰըԱȥҴܴӵ˿ݵٶȸϻأʵ̫ˣȽĿɨҲǴӵڻֻʦһµ۸·ΪһΪٶ
ˣ룬λǵǸţѨפԿħ޵֣ϡһСΪãȽһȭ
ֳĬ¶Ҳûпڣֻǵ˵ͷ˻ĵ磬Զ۶ȥ뿪˴š
Ķ飬⼸УӴŷɳ˲٣ȫǽӵǰصפأ
ٶȾ죬ȽΪﵽ˿սڣ֮棬ߡ
ǽµʿΪףٶҲǲ
Ψ֣ٶϣ޷˱ȽϣĿһٻޣϥޱϣХۡ
һʱ˵޵Ĳ
ͷٶϣԿһսʿˣ֪ӺδãȽЦʵ
һ¶ˣҲ׷
áԴǼ̣ƽڡ
Ŷ֪ϼδȽ¶Ȥ֮ɫ
ϡüͷһ壬ɨȽһۡ
ȽԾʧԣ΢΢һЦ㲻ټȥȴһ
һ·Ĭȫ·ڷԼȽһ˦жһöϸĿ˼ۺһָ·
ˣ˵Ҵһ浱Դ֮ͨܵһ󣬿ֱӰ˴;ţѨܽĵطײʹãһΣĳ֮ô·Ƚ˵ţһֱ·
·һɽһɽڣȽָλã̤ɽУ֮ȥ
Ƭ̺ɽɢѹһƬĿĹâȻάԼʱ󣬲Żɢȥ
ɽڣһˣھ֮õļԭԵŤƲƼ䣬Ŀâɲǳ֣ǹâУӰһһû
ǹâʧתһ۴صķ¶֮ɫ
ַΧĴԭΪ¡½дһֲȣϾ½̫ˣûĴ󣬵ڸ·ϵʱ䣬Ҫ֮ࡣ
ǲ֪û֮Ĵ󣬲յ˵ִ󼴱УҲѿ
Ƚеڳ֮ʱһƬĩɢ־֪ܲڵشʲô֧һôԶĴͣڴžԲ࣡
ҲΪΣֻڹؼʱ̣ŻᶯôԭڣģǾһţҲЩ޷̫ܡ
ʵֵĲ²ΪȷŲûд󣬶ÿһοһģŵĵ̲νҲͬ޷ÿһڣٴΣ
˳ֵʱɻǻƻʱ֣ƣҫڴصϣʹ⼫ԭ
ţѨڣҴﲼһع˿Ӧ˲ٸɸʿԭڵɢޡȽڣһΣŵ£תʧӰصס
¸ں棬һͬʧһͬأʧ
صۣܿǵ²֪λãһڿյľ޴󶴸˵˵һ޴ĹȺ
⹬Ⱥ⣬ƷǴųϣнڵƣǺ̤뵽
ռ˼ΧĹȺڣ˿̴˽ʿЩʿԸɢޣڽӵ˴ŵĻһ̴֮˸
˸һٽ̴ǹȺڣˬʵЦȴХߣȭ
֣ǧһˣ
֣ӵĳٶȣµ󣬺ﻹûгħʿȽʶԺЦ̸
ߣҲ׷¶˱ȭҲɫΪ
Ψ֣Ϊﲻ̫ӣֻһͷ㲻ȥ
ɫƽΪпɣ˴ﵽ˿ڵӣȽ̸ߣΪԸߣߴεĳ̶ȣࡣ
ϣǶλϸոռҴţһжħޣȽһָ֣˽ܡ
˿ܻдĸ֮ˣ׷׿ȽˣɫΪ
ȽĽܣΪ죬뿴֣ԭΪֻһӣȴû뵽ȻҲǳ֮һ
˿̺ЦȭƼΪʵϣȭ֮߱к֣ˣ̸


1856 ɱ
磬ǿΪֵΪʵڲߣ˲Ҳ֮УܵʿһĻҲ׷˸Եжϡ
ֶԴ˲⣬ĿһɨԲһ뿪ѡһ˵ĵص׶ϥ
ȽЦĿֱӰһɨ
Ϊ˴ţԶǵͷ滯ɢޣħ޵ע⣬һǧꡭ
һֻΪħ޲ɣδıļƻţޡЩ飬涼ûиĶػˣƾʲô
ȽЦУȻĿһɨ֣͵תĿ
Ƚɫ䣬¶º͵΢Цֵ˵ͷ
ִĿȽһۣתѡһʧ
ȽУ˵Ƕ˽֮ˣǲֵĿ£һ·Ϳ֮ЩصìܣɫҲûȥȽװ֪
һ̸߱Ƚȥһͬ˿ûἰ֣ȻУֲʸ񣬸ԶԶ޷Ƚȡ
һˣ̸ЦбԶĴȽҲһֵĴڡ
ֱȥܵĸʿҲ׷ɢԭ󷨽֮ڣŴ֮˵ĵ⼫ԭĽƱȫĿ
˽һԭһﷶΧİǽûڼԭϣӣؽԶ
ͬʱţϣţѨҲ½˻ߴţ߹һڵʿǵĵʹţѨҲһһȫ
һţѨȫ򿪵һ˲䣬Ѩڣͬ缫ԭϵİǽ
һߵǽȫֵɲǣ˴˺Ȼ໥һγһػţ뵤䣬޴ıϣ
ϣɳʮʿѹɣѰʿ׶ȹΪﵽţĳ̶ȣҪ򿪣ҲΪѣ
˵Ϊǽγɣ󷨽Ƶ⣬ţ
߸ţѨӵ꿪ڣһΣȫչҪã
߸ţѨ⣬ʮѨҲͬдһڣС֮أʮѨԴԴĴ̼ƬأӿţѨڣһŻ
ЩֻǷ֮ã׼ôֻ꣬أһȺʿִɱ¾
ԭ¹ȺڣĶΪЩ֮˾ס֮ʱţģһѹֵĸоУÿ˶ףսҪʼˡ
ţѨγɵıŻħ֮򿪣ͱҪͬʱٵѨһضǲʿһһΧ
ƽļԭò˶ãͻᱻѹѹħʿռض
Ҳѡ˱չأʱ̱Ϊ۷壬ȽҲ׷ˣֻѡıչڣǹǶϾߣΪǴѨص
ʵʿУΪﵽսٳڵģˣ˾СŻɢޣͬߣҲ뵽һڣΪʤ
ʱţƽԼСڣܣĶһڣϥߣʶָ֣ȴʶ
ߣڼԭйһ̸֮ĲԷߣΪȻûдﵽս٣ʶ벻˹ֻΧ
ʵֵݣǷҪѡ񹬵ҲǲԣֻûȤռһ˰ָ㣬ﰲΪá
ϥУɣʶɢܣʱ䣬ɡͨٴ̶ȵһ
ǰǽȡɢ˽ڼԭϣ˿ɢ˵ΪߵȽҲû˿
ʱһΣ֪ȥ˶ʱգȺԼܵĶڣĳ˺֮κһƬž
ϥУȻ˫ۣ˫Ŀϵɲǣǰọ̃ȻԭĵͼУԵλãͻȻһߣ
ߣ̵ɣԽԽ࣡
ˣ̣һ˿⣬ҪȥɴӦŵ׼Զţޣȥ٣ȥţ
ֲħʿٵͬʱȺУȽȻ˫ۣ¶һ˿⡣
λѣħ֮ޣ٣Ӵĵعڣ
ɵĺ˲ʧ˵ʿ׷ڸԶ˫Ŀ
һڰµļսʿҲĬУɱ
ԭϣХ֮춯أȴħʿ˷ɶǵأԭĵ磬һƬɭ
ʿУٶ죬նС
жŮŻΪΪǴħ޵ٮٮߣߣǴɢ˿սڵΪǶˣһʿУǿ֮ޣ
ˣΪǿսٳڡ
˼ۣ˺Хּԭɱڣǵأͬƺɨ˷
֣֣ȥţѨΣǰǿսڵߣ΢΢һЦͬ顣
ִã˵ţ֮꣬ҿţǸʲôӣߺЦͷΪ̶ȣȻ͸˺ܶ࣬׺ⳡ֣ǿֻһϷ
̬Ͽ˱֮Ƚ߳˲١߲𣬻ǲܶ࣬ΪƣǷݣǲ硣
˻䣬ͬʱ̧֣֮ǰԭһָһָ֮Уغһƾճ֣ڶǰһɸߵľˣŴ󲽣ֱǰ
ϣһƬĹû˺һȻɢѺɫķɽѽһɷ죬˲ϢήƱеϢ
ѽХǾһֱͬǰ
ѽǾ˺ٵɲǣȴԭͻȻӴɢ޾ڣת۾֮䣬ִԭǷУӿ
һţƺ𣬴ڻȻţƬȻ۳ţӣٵľѷɽһ˻
УɵţͻȻһܼٷħʿ
ͬʱصĵعУȽɫأͺ
пսٵѣɱȥڣҵȾޣȡ֮Уȴ⹬̷ɳߵ磬ȽΪףٳأһʧڡ
ϣħʿȫڣһƬ谵УعµĽʿɳ
һսʹչ
ҲȺʿ֮УɫƽХ뼫ԭڣħ˵谭ʶ谭֮ţ޵ʿ˵ȴ˿˿ڣͬ󲹣


1857 ֮Դ
ʿе֣˿û˵̫ע⣬ΨǰУͷʿһɨҪҵֵӡ
ʿ̫࣬һɨ֮УҲûҵ
УħʿХսڵߣΪͨ죬ǰд˵صȻȻ˲ҿơ
սڣ½ҲԳΪһ֧һеȲεţʹھʮڣҲǳеٮٮߣ
ܴﵽսڵʿÿһѱɱϣ̫ıֶͨ
ħ޵Ŀսߣһţһԣֱħͬħţ֮䣬غȴȽ缲۶ȥУһս
¡¡ľأŰ˷һ㲨ƻ磬ɨܣʹö˽ս֮˫ʿ׷˺޷
ħһտսߣҪͬսȽȡһٽشֻҪȽˣ˵ʿΪǣ
ǰе˲䣬£һͬǿսٳڵĸ֮ޣ˻缱ٽ赲ߣͬս
ǻط˼֣Ҳ޷һսʿһսսپ磬һεĲ࣬Ϊ޴عһ
֣ӵߵԴʱƴͨսٳһսɾ˵ԴҲֻսٳһս޷ͨϺսʿ
⼫ԭţѨڣ˿˿Уȴı䣬ˣǿһս֮޷ȡʤȴԽǣƣ
ˣסԷˣʹÿսʿ޷ⳡսֲãµħʿУ˿̻ĸսٳʿ
ŮŻݲˣ˿ȴͬ⣬ţԸ൱ݵĿսٳʿͨް㣬ĸħʿսУ𶯣սʿⳡɱĵһս
ǴȺʿɱɱΪң˽һֱ谭һʱ֮˻죬Ĳҽл
УĻһߣͷһ̣ϴ˿ȫǰ̹㣬Ŵ˵صһб仯
ܺХϣĹâڸǣȴڸǲסɱ뺮⣬߼䣬ͻȻ̧ҲȻһָһָ֮£Ѫ˸ȴѪһɾ˵ɷХٽɲǣȻ߳һħʿʿûȷӦһüıѪ͸
ɫ糣ǰУĿ꣬ЩɱħʿԶǼսٴܣ
һ·߹ӰۣܣڻһǺţ󷨵ͬײУʱһɺͷ˦
߸ڽսĿսٳʿԽԽֽŲԻվھǧ⣬ͣӣվĿ˸
ҪɱսٳʿΪѡʿѱɱ˾֮Ҳǲ֪ȹ˾Ŵ٣̤뵽˿սٵʿĿ£ⲻڵɱǮʿ˴µһһŮ
ΪֻٵھŴεӣܿ޵Ľӽս٣ʵϣ̫ǵΪԶ֮սʤ׻ˣضĻ±Ƶ˲òӶݣϾ׻˵ΪʵҲ࣬߰˴εӡ
УΨսϹ߲ʵˣĿսٳΪںϣ߲Ϊﵽս۷塣
ս£ΪɱĿսٳڣɱһЩֶΡ
½ϣսʿҲǺһ֣ʿԼһӰܴ
˵һսˣǴţĴҲԸ
ǧ˴˿ɱѷʤʵϣҲ޷ֳʤκһֻҪһЩҲ˶ѡ
ֲϥڵĺܵںϣѱ˷֣ټΪ߸սٳʿĽսغһΪΣգΨֲſɰȻȴʱ
ڵһһɱһսٳڵĻᡣ
˾ΪһػѪˣӡֹӶݡػȡʱյɱ¾ֶΣҪ飡
ֻЩֻÿսٴˣ޷ȫɱĿ˸жԶǧ⡣
ʱţת۱ʱܵɱ¾֮ûм٣Խӵļ˫˼
ϥڵȴ
֮ԴΪħ޵ħڵĳϣΪǰո̤սٳڣڵħպգҴǵħĵϵˣӵѪϵ
˷ţ޵Ĵսͬųޱɵĵѣ˿ţ޵Ϊͬսٳڵʿս
Էƾޣͨϵʩչˣڣʶ裬޷в䣬ʱ˺ļ
սϣ֮Դսʱ䲻ã˿ЩݽߣǱܵնߡ
ʹʲôʱȥսǺȡʤ֮Դɫ̧УһȺɫûǰţ޿սʿûһײ
䣬֮Դ˼Ӽˡ迪˵֪ͬĿģһ赲µ֮ͨԴɵҩĻᡣ
ʱĽսȻҪĻѼȥ
֮ԴɫΪݣеĹΪ˫֮Ů¯껯ɫе¯
˿̺Уһα˳ǧɣ̧һץоͳʮɫÿһڶϥһŮӣɫ
֮ԴһۣſҪһ
ʱԶʼϢ֣ͻȻ˫ڱ˺⣬ȴᣬѾ˺ܾãˣʱ
ˣ
¶ɱӦŵĵһɱʮսٳڴ𣬽գҪһ
һٶһԾȥɲǣһѪ˸ǰԶԼ֮ԴȻһնȥ
Ѫ֮棬ױȣ˿̺Хɲٽ֮ԴҪʮ򣬺ȻëһΣէȻ˼ɣһ˦һɫѪһ
֮Ǻ£֮Դ͵ת˫¶ɱ
ҵҪ˭͵Ϯ𣡣
תһɲǣֳˣ


1858 ٣
һײ֮˻𣬴Ȼȴɺͷһʧȥһֱֻ۵˾ĳֱ֮Դȥ
һп磬ɵľ˾ʱֻ˲Ϣѣ֮Դתһɲ˾ţХ١
֮Դɫһ䣬ĸܵٵĺڣһɿսٳڵĲ˫¶Ȼ֮ɫȻһ߿ܣӲ˼ˣһ˦ǰ߶ɫû˾
֮춯أԶǧ⽻սע⣬֮Դͬɫһ䣬Ҫȥ鿴ȴţ޵ʿֹ˴˿Ͼɢʶ鿴һĻȻԼ
߶ɫ˾˻֮Уȫദˣͷȴƴ͸߶ĺɫһȻ֮Դؿڡ
Ѫ֮Դؿһʹ鿴˿ʣ࣬ڼգзΣһʩչ߶˿̿Ҫߣۺˣ̧һ̳һɫҪɵһ˲
Ȼ̧֣жһ˰ɫ󷫣ǰȻһһ֮£һ֮ʱܣĴ˿˵֮ԴԺڣʱֳһģذŮӰӰӿ
Ӱֵ˲䣬֮ԴɵĹ֣һ١
һٵͬʱ٣ָ̧һģ䣬ȴյһ޴ӡȻ֮ԴϷû֮Դ併ٶ
ͬʱ֮Դ󣬻һȴһӡȼֱˣ
һĻΪ٣ȴԺζɡ
ţ֮ԴϿӡԺǰŮӿԽӾҵ˲䣬֮ǰ俪˾ٴ˻𣬷ĳ֮ǰѪһ֮Ѫ죬һ޴Ľ⣬ֱ֮Դն£
ͨٽ֮Դݽ޷ɲǣ
սٳڵʿҪɱΪѣȡʱΪͨ˲䣬֮Դ˫ͫ˼ȻҧѪѪһ̻һƬѪ׽ȫͷһ̳ΪѪɫ
ȫƤˣת۾ͳΪһѪˣ˫ֱסͨһɲ֮ԴȻ쿪˫ۡ
Ѫ𣡡仰ﴫһ̣֮ԴϵѪɫ̸ɿݣ˼һ㣬˫쿪֮ʱȫѪ̱γһѪɫķ籩ɨ
Ͽյľ޴ӡѪɫ籩һɲֱӱ֮ԴĻӡͬѪɫ籩䣬
ѪһնѪɫ籩ϣ˾ķٽ˻ͬǷ籩УһеһУһ̣һ
һζֱѪɫ籩ȥ˷籩Ȼ֮Դıͨ˿Ӳֵ෨ŤҪ鿪ļ֮ԴѪɫȴĺˡ
˵ͬʱ˫ŵȴֱʧӰ֮Դ˫ͫһ͵תֱ̧һȥ
ȴӰûһȭһȭûеӰȴǵһȭ
һ֮ԴұһѪģӻһ絹ͬѪȴûͣ٣׷ȥ
֮׷Ӽ˸һʮȭ֮Դɫ԰ף˫¶Ȼ֮ɫֵ׷ɱ̫ͣͲκηӦĻᣬһȭȭУȫѪӼΪֲ
ֶɱ˱𣡡֮Դ̵׽ʱ̣һ٣ԷʱյļΪȻʱ֣׼˺ܾã
˿̺Уƴųһȭǰûĺɫɲǣ̧һӣȴһɫг֡
֮ԴһսУһڳʱóһãǿһʱ֮Դлζ䷢
֮Դ⣬ȻûŮӰЩӰһͨ㣬ɫңԹ졣
֮£Ȼ¼ʮ֮࣬һصԹһγһɣֱӾʹ⼫ԭսʿȫܣ
ǿսٳڵˣ˿ɱΪңܵϢʶһɨҪ鿴˿ʶʶħ޵ʿȴǶ֮Դͨ˽⡣
˿ڸܵԹͬʱ׷ɫһ֪֮ԴضУó˱
˶ħ޿սߣȽֵʿͬɫһֻǵʶֹ޷Ӳ鿴
ȽĿһʶ֮ԴĽս֮ȴһεĸĤʹʶģ֮Դս֮ˡ
ˣҲˡ
Թһɲǣ˫ͫ׼ĺֻ֣ܳʩչһֶѣɱУûг֡
˿˼Ȼ̧һָУָ̳֮һ«Ǻ«̺ǧ꣬ըвսڣ˿ȴûвٿըһָ֮£Ǻ«һѪѪʧں«ڣǺ«ڶʱ˻ǧķɳתչһѪ·
ᾫѪŹӢƿգùֻƽȴ͸һ֮
Ѫ·ľͷһ޴Уܵںϣɢɭ֮⣬УֻͬʱһѪɫӰģһ߳
ÿһ£죡
֮ԴԹѪɫӰ߳һ壬Ҫļ֮Դɫ䣬˫һָգȴصԹۣһ޴ӰӰһŮӣȫʮԩɣϿʮա
Ӱ۶һ˲޴Ӱ͵ڣֵ
˿̣ǴŵھƺӰҲѪ·ڣһ̧߳һɾɱ𣬻һѺɫǹһץУ͵һ˦һǹХȥԹɵľ޴ӰȻһ
һ̣ǳǹųĹâͬһ㣬ʹǾ޴Ӱ̱ԩ˻
쾪춯أһѪ˰ɣѪ·ɢڵھƺӰʧͬģǾ޴ԩӰ֮ԴȫѪĲҽУˡ
ȴǱԩӰԩ꣬練һ㣬ӿ֮Դڣȥʹ֮ԴĺˣûֻˣҲȥⳡսҪӶݣ
𣬱λ
ɽ
ħ涯
ħŵɣֶԶȥ֮Դһȭ


1859 ֮
֮ԴԶȥӣ־һȭУȻһƬѪ⣬أԪŤֱǿһУѿ
Ψͷ­һɴֱֶһץסߺһʧԭء
ʧһɲǣսȻ֮ǰ˷
Ƚսħ޿սߣȫһ𣬲ǰȽӼˣȽĿһǰĲҽС
пսʿս
֮Դ߼ۺˣת۾֮ԴĵطѪ⣬˫ָ֮ͫԴħ֮Ĺϵ˿̿һ
˽սߣҲͬһеĺˣǲҽһ㶵ɲǣ֮Դĵط
֮Դˣ
ħޣսٳʿ˿ͬˣٽɫ԰ף¶޷֮ɫ
⣬⼫ԭϣ֮Դǰҽ֮ˣһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
пսʿ
ϣ
Ȼпսʿս
Ȼ̻֮սʿ֣
¶⣬һ˦ʶХ˷һ缱ٶߣˣ̸棬תȥ
Ƚû׷ŶԷıӰ¶˼
֮ˣݱضֻǣ˭ɱ
Ŀɨüͷ֪˭ɱ˶ԷĿսʿ˿ȴΪ𾪡
ô̵ʱ䣬ɱһսʿˣ˭
ΨͫһЩߣڵֲɵһ

ſսʿĳ룬˵񻹻ŵǧħʿ׷״ſ־弱ߣתֱԶ
صعܷأԷضеڶιֻڷؾͿɣĪҪ׷Ƚ˦䣬Ŀܺɨ
˭Ĭһȥʧ
ţеţʿ׷ͻıУһһأʧ
ԭ·ڣǵعڣʿȥģֻвǧˡǧһĬ׷׻صԵĶ׼ս
ҲͬǧʿصعУɫ԰ף֮Դһսʱ䲻࣬ȴּΪѵһսѾƺһУֵ˳ԷķӦҳŶԷݽߣټ󷨵ϡ
Ž֮ԴɱɾˣͬҲˣ˿ؿʹҪ˲źá
ɱģһսʿսʿҪɱ̫ѣֳĬǴ˵ţ󷨣ҪɱԷɹ
Լɱ֮Դûв˭֣Ԥϣʵڳ֮ʱΪ˷ֹԷӶݣѾ֮̽Դսܣ󷨽ڣʶǽ룬Ҳ󶼴ģ
ʶǻ֮ٻŵھƺǽ⣬ҲѲõ
Ͼϵز٣һЩֶǲñע⣬ʶŻʩչǽƣʹ޷̫
˿عڣÿһʿУĲ²⣬Ƿ׷ĥ˭ɱ˶Էһսٴ
عڣ˿Ƚսʿ׷ĬԱߣ֮ǰֵ˵ߡ
ɫ𶯣Ȼڼɱ˶Էһսٴ֮£ţǴȽ֣ǿԽܣǴ˵սʿ֣Ҳ˵ĹȥȻɱħ޴֮ˣκһôˣ˭
ûп壬ʱսУʿ˺Ҫɵҩʹɱ
ڼҲʶɨһƣʶһƬģ
Ҳʶ̽ȥһûз֡
ԸŵĿսʿ˴˻ڣɫдɻɵɻǵ˭ɱĶԷɵ˶̵ʱ䣬ͿɱһųƲĿս֮ޣҪʲôΪ
ȹ˾Ŵ٣̤սٵʿĳ̶ֳ˵ųƲ𣡲˵Ԫƾãͬ٣˵ǿսʿ
ǻ˭Ϊûдﵽս٣֮ǰӵߣһˣ૿ڡ
ʿ֮Уһǿ߰ȽĿɨΪǰЩ˿ô̵ʱڣɱһͬʿ
ĿɨУȻһˣ˫ͫһܿͰûͷ
㣡Ƚ뵽֡
ˣȻ˲ԸǾͲҪȥѰңչ˵һ£Ҵˣ˵ܿͻˣȽɫϲԼصĵѨڣȻԼ޷飬һ㣬Щ
ûпܣ֮ˣǻս·˵ءüͷȻ˵
һ̳˼Ƚһϸ룬ôҲкܴĿܣϾΪ˵ʿԼ⣬һ㡣
ͬһĻ˿ҲǼԭţ֮⣬ĲԭԵλã˿ħǧʿ׷׳ĬϥɢмλãսΪ֮Դչһѯ
ħţ޽ս֮񣬲ûսʿ˺󶼲֪˭ɱģȴǵһΣɫΪ̺ŭһļ£֪ǵħڶʶʼڱչص֪˴º󣬻αŭ
ϵݡ֮ԴһͬսĿսʿУ˵ڣûаѻȫ˵ꡣ
֮ȷһߣϸһ£ûʲô֮ôô̵ʱУ飡߰̾ڡ
ϵʱ˺Ҫɵҩҵȱܿ죬ʹɱ֮һʱ䣬ɱ
ʶ޷̽ڣһƸĤ
Ҳó䷨Թۡ˷׷׿ڣѵʱһĻ˵
Գϣһ֡˿УȻһʼû˵һŮӣͻȻ˵
ŮҲ֮Դһͬţսʿս֮һɫЩԥڣ߿һ̣һҧ
ֹʶ̽ģţ⣬һƣơӦǽħڵĶϿս
ӴӦòῴһ̰˵Ŀ⣬ȫϡ
ߣħޣţħ֮ˣ
ϿսҲóҲϤûвôһ˵ҵһ顭Ŀһڡ
Ҿ磬ҽħڵϰӵĻرһֵĴųϡڵһϿս̣ʧ٣ŵʾ̣ûл𣡡ճ˵ţ̧ͷ˼ԭ
пܾɱϣ㲻ǣҲضЩ
֡ɱһҪɱˣĻ޷ŭ


1860 ֮ͣ
ԭϣϡ¹´أԭһƬɫԶԶһһ˵֮У˿ڰʱʿĴս
ǵϣҲκʬкʿ꣬ȫ֮ǰɢգɸɾѰûκ
ǲһ˿˿ѪȵϢɼ֤ڰʱĲң
¹ֻڴϣ޷͸صĵعǵص׹ܣϥһڣⶴһƬڰû˿âֵӰҲںڰУɫΪһ塣
ɱ֮ԴָĴۣǰļԼյıɱһ˿̵ɫ԰ףĿɡ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãֻ˫ۣĿһ˿⡣⾫ڵĶУͬŻ棬һһΪˡ
ҪɱһսʿļѣΪ̣ͬҪɱһ£֮Դֶ뷨ûüʩչ̫࣬ϾȡʱΪĻδ֪
ʮսٳڣսڡţҵ񣬺ѶȡֳĬʵڴӦţʱѾЩס
֮ԻǴӦΪֲԸǷ֮˵ˮԴ⼸ǵһԴ
ͨȥ۸Դѵĳ̶ȣֵ׻ԴͿԿʶ֮أʹ޷ھܾ
ǿռʯ˵ѰЩ²⣬Ǳ濴ȥô򵥣ڴ̫Ŀռ䣬
һһƵĻᣬǿڹؼʱ̣һδæתǬҲڻ£
ģּȻˣԸ񣬾ͱҪر
ʣ¾ŸսٳڡɱһͱȻɱŸҪսʿԱǧĺ«Ҳɱһ˶ѡµսڴ𡭡üͷȴûа˫⡣
ţ޷ʱɣӺܾáһεţħ֮սҲ̫࣬Ҫʱȫһκϵ˵أֵͷڰںϣĶأֳ︡һͷ
ʱֺȻ̧ͷ򶴸⣬Ŀƿɴ͸֮ţ棬ʱ̣عһƬΨĺڣâİﲻһЩʯɢ
İĹâУһŮӵӰԶ˿һƮվֶ⡣
ڵĶɫ¶ԥĬãҪ֮ʱȻǶڣƽ
ҹãαԥ
ֻƮɢǶ֮ϢȻ򿪣¶һɫâеķ϶϶һƬڣڲ
λȥŵѷ죬ͬһĵĴڣƵȴԼĽһ
ٴγĬһһҧʣƽŲһΣ˿Ʈ㣬뵽ǶŵѷС
ӽһɲǣⶴȻպϣ¶˿϶
֮ŹرգŲҲͣ£ǰĺڰΪת˫ĿڣĻۣһƬģ
ԿǰԶϥǸӰܴѹѹصԴǲػڵԼѹ
ǰΪŮԣеķһɱɱܵҲԼɢȻǶԷ֮ǰɱ¾󣬻صʱȻȻɢһϢ
ϢΨʿ֮ſ΢
֪Ϊʲôڲɱһ˲䣬Ժиֳ֮ԴӰǰһĻĻƻһͫڡ
ƿ֣ں̵ܶʱڣɱ֮ԴĹ̡
ѣ˿ҹվĳڣһ仰˵Īһҹɡֻڣﲻ졣
ħǸսٳڵʿɱôĬƬ̣Ķⶴڻ
һ㣬عڣȽϣûκ˿Զʱһ㣬˵Уض㣡
˲֪ı£ҺںڰеӰڡ
֣ô
޿ɷ棡ֳĬ꣬ƽڣû˿Ĳ벻ͬѰһ㡣
˵ĸ֣΢΢һЦְüǰļƷ˿ڶźڰе֣˵
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôϣ˿ϢȣȻҪһĴۣϾսʿô
Ҫ֣ҿԡǰɱ˶Էսʿ󣬻õĺôһһ룡ðţϲҪ⣬⣬Ȩ⣡ﵽĿڣ˵ȡһҩڵϣһǷˣһ˦һ֮ǶϣʹôŴ򿪷϶һ˿˳ʧ
ʼգֶʣֻ˵ĸ֣˿ȥ˫ۣһĹâڵĶҫ
ŶţȥıӰĿһγ˼̧ǰһץǵҩʱУϸĿ˼ۣⵤҩɢΪȻ֮õļõ裬ģǽ¶΢Ц
ʱţܿ죬ԭԵħʿʱǰûչڶսڵȴʲôһֻÿɳʮеĹ۲켫ԭĶ
عҲͬÿɳһЩʿѲߣʱᷢһЩĦȴûдģɱ֡
ѲߵʿָɣߣȫȨ𣬳˿սʿ⣬ʿʱᱻɳѲߡ
ûѲߵʿڴ֮УϵıԼΪ۷壬ʱӭһֵս֣Ͼţ޵ʿףħ޲ܾʹ˷
ѰʿԲ£Ϊ˵ΪߵȽȴ乬ڣϷ֮ɫ
͸죬ħʿпڵԮĵˣعض䡣
ɱԷսʿ֮˵˭ҲоȽģųһѡճĲ²⣬ɻϡ
ı£¹ش󣬳У˴˵еߣԸһ߹ĸ߳
ʱ䣬ڵƻָ˲٣ڶĻƻ֮ʱֵĶ˳⣬ڶˣҲһ֮ͣ
ֵѣջѷѲһҹ˵֮ˣȽŵߡ
˿̵վֶ⣬ɫƽ͸һɲɣ俪ڡ


1861 ĵĺҹ
ߴδַ˾ǴŵĳϣΪ̫߶ʲôϵʶŻôһϵݡ
½ڲټÿɶһЩˣƾŲߵΪռ˳һλãЩ˲ܵӣֻӶѡ
һɳ̾ͻԭα¶Ϊֻɫû¶еı䣬ȴǱ¶һЩ
֮ǰĴսУҲûʲôսָҪȥѲߣЩ˼Ǵڴ̫ܴʶĴҲϲվֵĶ⣬Щͷ
óԹɫֱżûʸ빬ֻѡڶھסһԿܶ⡣
ĻֵĶڣϥֶУʹ˫ۣĿһƬƽû˿ľ˿¡
ӰڰأɫΪһ壬ͷİ׷ɫҲȾ
ϣϷĻûôճüͷվڶѾʮϢɶڵ֣ȴͬһûа㻰ﴫ
ֹ̬ӣճֻػһ˦ڵĶţ죬ȴǴ̳һ˿˿ѷ죬˲Ϣ䣬ѷдŵÿһλá
һǶֱӱ
Уȥ֪ͨѲߣ޲ΪҴ߳ӭӣ񿴵ֵĮȻ
Ŷŵı붴ڣҽ̤ⶴһɲǣӶȻһ٣Ƕϥ֣Լ
ǱĿ⣬ʹ߲֪ΪΣȻһȫëȻһֺƱȽŵĸоָоȫѪҺת̼ӿ죬ʶֹͣŲ
˭Ҷʸ񣡡ƽڣɫ˿ϲŭ˵Уվӣһȥ
ľоԼⶴ˲䣬ĲʲôʿһԶɷϢѣʹ壬̲ԪҲ
ֻһָоȴΪʵĿֲ
ֵĲɫ̲԰ף˫ŲԼһʶĺˣ֮󣬾˳˶ȫˮ⼸дʪ
ϣ㡭Ҫʲô˫̼ͫڡ
ûпڣɲȥʹӰӺڰ߳һͷ׷ǶĹ£¶һְ׹ǵɫȫӺڰ˲䣬˳ߣ
Ϊ٣ɲǼ䣬ȡһҪؿڳһ㡣
ǿҵĸо¶޷ţкȻ
Уǰһ⣬ͣ˽ŲŶԷ˫ĿƽĿš
Ŀ⣬̬һǿѹֱӾһƬհס
ǡȽϡϢʱ䣬߾ͳܲסѹԼ˵شĻڶԷĿ£ԼͻȻĴ
仰˵ڵ˲䣬ĿƿתԶһƬȺڣݻһȽڡ
Ŀ⿴ȥɲǣǹڵȽв˫ֵۣĿŹ
ߴҴȫѹɢ֮ǰֲĸоȴǸĥӡ
˾߶˹ϵΪųϣΪʵ̫ˣɫ԰ףעһĻͬһɱ˵üģ
ķ޾Ļ⣬ȽĻôһֲ֮ˡ
ֵĿ⣬ϢǹŲɫƽһ˦߹߹ͬʱֺ߼һġ
Ҷߣ⣬ͷӣĳ֮ʱҪŵУǰʧӰ
Ѳ֮£ûоܾ¼ȻȽָɣôܾһΣиΡ
ȥһһѪɫ̲ҰףһģеĿ־ռȫ
˼ԶۣѰµĶţҪֻ֮ǰ޸Ҳô
ܵѣһ¡߼۵˲䣬һ߻ʹ߽ŲȻһ٣鼫Ϊɬ
Ƚ
֮ìܣαǣҡ߰̾ȽٻҪ̸ȥЦз޸ţŹεķȥֻԼȽʱ㹻ʱȥֵĽĻȥ롣
ǼԭĴУӰƮһ·֮Ӱյɫ¡
ɫϰҹŨҫأԭֳɫֳֵ°ҹȴǽһסʹôأɫ
ְڲԭϣݷɳɳ֮ƽҹԵú
ʱţܿ죬յɫȫסһأȫ˺ڰУֵӰһɫںϣˡ
ֻǴųʪķ磬Զɨʱֵ뷢˿𣬲ɫУһУҲģĿ塣
ڲԭϣ뵽Ľ˫ۣһɰˣԼ֣ǴռڣĽ˯ŵĵط
ֵ֣ܵ¶ȣƸܵĽ
ǧ꣬ǧ꣬ܳҲ̡ܶͬ⼫ԭݣһܣԭǷȴǺŲ䣬һδεĴ
һ̾İĴ½ϣɫУΪδԭ˹¶
ԻȾ񷣬ֻΪ˸㲻ٱɡ
׺磬ֻΪҵ
߹߹һ磬ֻΪѰĺ
ħɱ߱ɣ߸أɪ¶ıӰվǰֻΪƽ˫ۡ
ԶԭĺɫĬš
ϲɫϲҹΪҹԽɪӰڸǣΪɫУĹ¶˿
ÿ˵Уһӣװһ˵ļ䣬䣬𣬻ɬ
еˣͬԼһˣҲˡ
еˣסԿףԼ򿪣Ҳȥ
еˣһֱӣԼҪǡ
еˣǰȥһꡭůǷŽ޵Ļ䡣
װģǶһ˵飬һɬڵˮ
ҵӣڡૣǺɫУĹ¶ɪġį


1862 ²
ѲǿģѾϰ˿ϰһ֮䣬ϰԼڰںҹأĬĬǰ޾ؼ䣬ֵ˿˿
ǹڸһЩȴ޷ڸȫ¶Уƴŷš
˿ȻǺҹյԽӵܼܿƵ֮صʱ󻩻֮Ӱ˷
ˡ
ˮ˲䣬ֵĽŲȻһ٣͵̧ͷԶˮڸǵأһǽ̳֣¶ֵǰʮɫĹ㣬ٶ
Ŀһ˺ټ죬ɲǾ˳ǧ֮⣬Ҹı˷һλͣ£ͷ̣Ŀ˸
еʮ㣬ָı䷽˲䣬Ȼͬı˷λƲƶһ㣬ٶ
ͬʱϣ򣬺ȻҲԳʮ̵㣬ɰΧӣٽ
ȽĿˡ뿪عʱȻһжȽļƻضǻԼʶŻԼѲߣܷħʿ
˵ѡһֱأֵԸЩʱΪá
Ƚض˿̷عһзֽŲŴһ̤ʱһɷ֮Ȼֹػصع
¶ЦֶܵĽٸ̵㣬¶ɱ
Щɱ֣ȴ֪֮ѡҲΪ˿ţ
ĸУ˿սڵʿµǿսٳڡħ֮ˣһ֮Դ󣬻ʣˣˣѾ֪ӵн̵飬µɱ֮ԴһΣҲһȥ²ƻɲʧӰ
ԭĸÿһʮʿ۷УսڵϹ֣ɫ
һһŮսٳʿʮˣĳڤڤдֱָڡ
ͬʱ򣬾˵غԶĵطʣµһսٳŮޣħǧʿ֮УϥǰƯһọ̃¶ڵλãԴ˽׷ٲңң֪ͨ׷ɱ֮Ѱҵķλ
ˮ䣬ҹУչһɱ
²ţΪħɢޣΪﵽ˿սٳڣѾļˣ޷ٴлԵ
һε̤ţ֮սħ룬ŵ˴ĺôǱ뵽俪ѨʿС
˿ʮʿЩʿΪͬǵߵҲֻǿڶѡ
ߣ󶼴˥֮У²Ϊףʮֱǰ
һ·²źǽ֮Դ˼𺳣սʿΪɱǰ֮Դˡ
飬˷ˣ˿ݲòͬģУһ˷ܡ
˷ܣǰħڵճϣһŵ
ɱߣϷͬ⣬ħǧ꣡仰²ĪĴ̼
дţ˵ħ޵ħЫڱӡǰȡħʱһЩ⣬ħһСڴأӣڣħУôࡣ
Ϊͣõ²˵һκпĻᣬܲܳɹΪҪȥԡ
֣ɱ㣬Ի컯Ҿûг϶Ҫ²촽⡣
ĿɱһɲǣͻȻһľ֮Ȼ²ŵڣתɲǣһĲҽȻ
ȴʮڷУ󷽵ʮΪûеʿһ˲ͷ­ѪͬǵԪ
²ֻһӰӺڰ߳һѪԼΪٶȣһɨʮ
ɱʮˣĿƽɲʧ
²˫ͫ¶𾪣ֵٶ̫죬˸оֲͬʱ²̼
֣²Ų˼ӼۺˣȻ̧һָ
ڵҹĻУʱһ使޵֮Ȼչ¶˻ܴ󣬼ռСգǻ価ޣϸȴǿԿ⻨һͷɵû
ǻյ˲䣬¶⣬˿ʣ֮ˣֻˣǿսʿ⣬˲Ϊǡ
Եһ¶Ȼˣǵٶȣȴǿ첻֣ǰһΣѪ˸䣬ȴѪһѪХۣɨж˱Ѫȫһ֮УʱĲҽķѡ
ɱ˺̣ĸо֪ħʿ˿̺ХսϹ֣ǳ飬չȫٽ
ǵٶȣò˰ʱͿԽӽ
µһսٳʿͬ뿪˶飬۶
ʱĿһһֱ²Ŷȥ˿²ͷ˻źţĴ󶨣֣źţ˿ֻҪ˴󹦡
²ЦͲں˵ٵɲǣ²Ų˼Ȼ̧ɲ¡
µ˲䣬ֱ仯ӡǣȻڶ̶̵һɲ䣬˽ӡǣγһ޴ʨӰʨӰԼɴСһ־ͷһֱֶȥ
ʩչӡٶȣִδ²ŵĹͨʵ̫죡
ʨӰɲٽ֣Ѫһ䣬˾ҵĺ¡¡ľܣĵӲݣǽµˮΧıʹ﷽ԲɣΪûˮ硣
²Ÿոʩչͨû˿ͣ£ȻһأڰصḶ̶̵́һ˲ʱ䣬ӽİӡһּΪֲٶȣֱӴڴء
죬ȴ޴˴ӵص׿ٵĿ⣬ʨӰһ֡
ָոմʨӰ¶ӣĸ޴˾ͺХͲκͣٵĻᡣ
ɱһ̫գҲǵһ
ÿʩٶȣ˵֣ôܻô죡˫ͫĸٵͬʱ²һμٺ̧һӼ䣬Ȼнӡһһ֧ȼ㣬ץֱӾһݡ
һ֮£һһڤڤдС
ţȼɢȻһͷ羨һľ޴ޣؼ䣬ſֱ־Ҫһɡ


1863 
һ̫죬²ְŵݺһֱӲڵϣһΣٴ˺ɲǽӡ֣ͬнӡ֣˫밴ڴء
һΪĵȻ䶯һУԵγһյ֮Ļ
ԶԶһͬһ޴ţְڡ
ɱ²ŵͺȻ
²ħ޼ʢ˸оµģױȵʩٶȣٶ£ʹͬʿУռݾԵƣû˿Ϣʱ䣬޾ϵͨɱ
Ҳ˵ɢޣɱħںǿԭڣ
ڣܱĸ޴˰ΧƺڸǴ²ľһ֮˷ǱǾ޴⣬羨һӰſڣɲǾͽӴɡ
֮⾨ӰɢȴûʧƯڰգоɫ߻ûĶУϵ͸
¡¡ڻصܿ죬źȻһɰĴֱӺ俪һ޴ȭͷֱһȭߺȫѿ¶ڣǱ֡
һССɱһΣûа㻺͵ʱ䣬籩һĹ
һУΪԷʩٶȣ˷ָ
ִǱ߳˲䣬ԶȴһƬɫķɽϢХ
ţǷɽ֮ʮ˸Ŵ󲽺١
ʮ˸˺棬һŻĻһ䶯ٽ
ǻĻһ޴Ĺͷ͸ɣһƬĹ⻷ƣƱ׳һֱ֡
棬䶯Ȼ뱻γأһƬɫˮΣ޷ĺХ
ٺ棬һƬأưյժ£ֻ޴ƣžĺХԶλãٵĻ١
ٺ棬֮ǰһκʧ˾¶ľӰȻһλûſ˴ڣҪֽеڶɡ
ǹ죬²һͨУһ⾨֮³Σͬʿضˣ
һĻҲɵͷƤ飬δʩٶȣܴﵽ˿ֲĳ̶ȡ
Ŷ೤ʱ䣬Էʩչ˶ͨȫһִƲһ˽սˣ
룬һƬɫķɽȻٽɲǳܣϢƿնһҪѡ
ֿӲϵͨͲʩչͨʱ䣬ɲǣȻ١
֮춯أֵڸɢײ죬ɽȫϣʹˡ
ΪأɱУνǱһΣǿһεķɽͿˡ
ɽ֮ʮ˸˲˿ĴϢʱ䣬ٽʮڵɲǣûչԱ
䣡
ʮ˸Աγһз籩־ڣչ˻ԵĴһѪҪ˺˲䣬ʮ˸˺䶯ĻŦһٽһ֮£̻һУֻڡ
䣬⻭Ļɢʮǧϸ˿Լٶȣڣչˡ
⻹ûнǻĻǱĹĹͷ֣ٽǰɲǣȴڵУһ޴ķ϶Ȼ˺ѿһɿֲϢȴѷУȻһ޴ͷ­
ͷ­һȴǼΪ͸һײѪɫ˫ĶǰǱĹͷأһֱӳ
²ȦޣԴˣ
ٶ̫죬ɲٽһҧǹͷϵͬʱӴͷ­Ǻݺݵײֵϡ
ѪˣХ޾ɫҺ壬ȴֱ٣һһϣչ˾
ɲǣɱУХ٣ɱУ࣬ݺĻֻ޴ƣһٽֲʮɣ
֮ڴҪ޷һ㣬Σʱ̣˫Ȼ̧ٵƣֱ˫ȭȥ
ͬʱԶ羨һľ޴ӰŴڣһɡ
֮⼫ԭ޴ƣֵ˫ȭһ죬ȫѪӵУ羨һٽҪɵһɲǣԶ²ɫ¶һ˲䡣
ſڣ³һɫʯͷʯͷһ֣ʱڱڹ⣬صĺɫںУһͷͬ羨һ㣬ɴСȴӴӰû
ֵڤޣ
ڤһ˫¶ãײУ˺£͵һ̣²öľ֮ޣչ˷ɡ
²˫ͫ¶Ȼ˼Ӽˣ˫оҪûǾӰ
һΣٶȣˣ
֮Уȴ²ŵľ֮ޣҪɢˣȴڤһɣû˿ˮֱС
⾨֮ޱ̵ɲǣ²ɫ԰ףһѪ
ҵΪһʹһ̣²ŵ˫ۺˣ̣ⳬ󣬸޷š
֮ͬ䣬δ˵ɵһĻ
ֵ֪ڣһΪռʯ
뿪˶磬ȴȶĹ仯ֺš
Ӽۺˣֱ˳ǧ⣬ǿռʯкⳡսУһ˿滺Ƿųϵؽŵ񾭡
崫ʹԶ²ŵĿ⣬һ˿뼤
ʿʩٶȣ˱ضлԵ컯ضһͨˣͲֵܳһĻͨѧᡭ
Զ²ţ˫Ŀ΢ɲһȴûٴγǽŲһƸ֣ɲʧԭء
ʧ˲䣬²ŵͨأչ˺ǺУ²͵ת˫
ҵǾͰң
ֻǣƾ²ѰңȴҲûֵܵ˿Ϣһսռƣʵϣȴʹķ
˿̣ħսϹ֣ǸΪﵽ˿սٳڵŮޣԶ˶飬ٽ
ֵӰȴǳ˸ԶսʿԶĶ֮
ֵĿģҪߣȻչɱ¾ķʽɱˣ


1864 ѿ
ԭԵǱǧʿƵĿսŮޣϥ͵˫ۣǰọ̃˿¶ڡ
֮ǰͿ˹ǴֵĹ㣬˲Ϣʧ˺Զĵط֪ͨ׷ɱֵͬʿ
˿̣һγͬ飬Ůһ˿֮УһοԽܣεĻʹſԳΡĴΣһҪɱ֣Ϊѣ
бضһŲƵķķֻһħ޲ţޣҲԲ࣬˾ȻӵУ
ĿУȻķֵ֣ĹһȺ̵ԱߣɲУе̵ȫʧţֵĹһʧʱǾԶλãһȺ̵Աߣ
ΣŮӲ˼ķʽı仯֪пսʿ
˿̣ڵĵطĲҽлصʮħʿһƬҽкܿƽ䶯ջ֡
ɫк󣬲ô԰ף²һսУϵͨƸأ˲ŻѡڶķʽʿѪԪˡ
ħʿĿһʧԭأһ׷ɱħʿҲȫΪ˵һ֡
ˣԭĵشֻʣսϹսٳʿڣ˺ǽδ̫ɢÿһսϹֶһսٳʿһ飬˴˲ֱֿ
һУֿ̣¶һ˿⡣Ŀ꣬ʩչͨΪٵĿսʿϵֺͨĶ
˿ɫȥˮȴǸ󣬻£ĲԭϣҲ˴Ţǲ棬ᷢ
ԶˮһƬģֻɱ¾ҹ
Ŀһϣĸ̵㣬򼲳۶һ̵㣬˺ܾãȷ֮ǰֵĿսʿ
ϧ̡ڲĽṹƣҶѾ˽⣬ֻҪ㹻ĲϣʱԼһ̧ǰһӼ䣬гһԪ
Ԫ׷ɱصѡһΪﵽһĳ̶ȣҺǱûܵ˺
Ԫ־ѾĨȥ˿ʣģֻһãԪ壬ԪȻֺݺһԪһжʱûɢ֮ʱһ˿ԼʶֵС
Ԫ̵˲䣬һƬɫ˿⣬̧͵ǰһ˦Ԫ£ȼһ㣬չһַٶȣֱǰһʧӰ
Ԫٿ̣ȼԼһɼٶȣؾͷ۶ȥɲ̫ʱ䣬ȼɢֱԪȫ̻֪ںδ
ⲻʱ䣬˵ȴ㹻ˡ
ܴ˿̲УԪڵһ˿ʶȴǿԸ֪׷ɱԼڡ
ķڽѿǣʹ˲ˣ
һΣ뿪ԭأʱ⼫ԭĳһϥ£Ŀϵı仯ӵлԴµһ˲䣬µˮȻ
ĸӦУʱȥת۱һʱһʱʱ䣬ĸսʿٶǰսڵϹ֣ȻԸõȥ֪ڵķĿ󣬼ӿٶȣ˾룬ֱ׳̡
ģսٳڵʿ˺棬ǰϹֵľ룬ԽԽԶȻ˫ۣ¶һ˿⡣
ؿڣڣһռʯʯͷʼվòȴ֪䵽׵á
ڤ޵ĳ֣˶ԷһĻֺȻҳ˴һЩڡ
ڤ޵ɣΧǿΪʯͷڲĿռ䡭ڤںϣԳһϵб仯Ŀ˸ſĹ˸ȴǿռʯзɳС
ŴʯֳĬƬ̺ӺȻֲƣɲǼʧӰ
ֻһռʯžһڵϣӲ˲
˿̵֣֮ʱȻ˿ռʯڣһʯͷУѡĿռ䣬еĳһĿռ䣬ʵûֻΧֻԼʮС
ɽй⣬дأȴûˮ
һУȱˮʵʵɲ
ϥռʯڣ˫˸¿˰죬ûԥ̧ǰһӣһɫɡûֱգɫĻںϣȡյĴڡ
ٴһӣ̺ǧĺ«ȡأɲǣһɢϢ
ĬƬ̧̣𣬷ּ䣬޸ĽӡûŴӡ䴵һԪ֮Ϣһ壬ӡɢɽ⣬һ׳ֱɡĻƯγһɫ̫
ЩȡĹǰһɢ˷Զ裬ؼ䣬һƬƬƲ㡣
Ʋ㿴Ǽ򵥣ʵϣȴǿԱ仯
ȡģ˾һСٱ仯յһƬڣӰ
˾أǧɢڸȫϢ
磬ȱϥУüг֣۳Դһѳʧؼ䡣
١УüɳԴγѳٴʧ
ɱ¾ơɷյİ̳Ϊ˰ɫƹѩƬƬ£ѩɫǺڣÿһƬѩڣ̺˽ƱԴ´أܿͰѵ渲˱һѩ
лסˮ˫ȻһӣվӣۻĿǻ𺣻һѽɻɽ
ͬһѽ׺Ǻˮ磡
Щִһ˦ȻʧԭĳһӲеĿռʯɢ͵Ĺ⣬ֵӰûռʯ̧ͷԶ
ɱѳɣǿд˽ɱ֮У
ƾŸӦϵԪѾҪ棬սڵϹּ׷ȥò˶þͻ׷ϣ
ϹֵԶλãսٳڵʿͬۡ
ֽŲǰȥ²ƻصȴʼûضߣڵȡ
һϢϢϢֱʮϢһ˲䣬ĸ̱ܵԪһ˿ʶҲһͬ
ģͨһ˿Ԫŭ
Ųݺһ̤Ӱһɲʧ


1865 
ԭϣ²Ӱ磬Զ۶ȥɫֵһսʧ˵Խܵ飬ӣ̺ʱ
˿ԪήңȻǶʱԻָ
֣һɣսڵĳ׷ɱҿôӣųѾӦңһܻ񣬿ԽŰɱգҶãܣ
²Ŷֵĺޣ̶ԽʹԽǺ֮ǣ
˿̷УȻɫһ͵תԶڷһ˲䣬ܵһɲԶ
Ⲩ˿̱ȥ̿˴Զһı䷽򼲳۵֡ĿתڲԼȥһɲǣɫ˱仯ٶȱ¸вƣȻһķʽҪ뿪
֣ǰ棬ǳ²һ㶣ۿٶȼɲԶȥʱķʽ٣룬һμ׷ȥ
·ߣƫƫĳУ֣ԼãԼ²Цۼ仯磬ɲǾ˾룬˿ȫϣʶҲɨܣûпκ֮ĶߣҲͷ
׷ԼǧɷΧһ˲䣬ӰȴɲʧײһĿռѷУת۾ʧˡ
ʧɲǣһΣٽͬʧΨǵӲУһռʯĬĬķӲأˮǡ
²ʧ٣
ʧٵɲǣԭԵλãϥĿսٳŮޣɫȻ䣬ǰ̣һֺëĸоȫ
Ǵ²ŵĹ㣬Ȼʧ
⡭⡭Ůɫ̲԰ף¶޷֮ɫû˿ԥ̰һϢķʽݸ˴˿ڼԭڵսʿ
ħճϻճ϶ˣ˿ɫΪ缲۷У׷̣ȴǷϵ߳ŭһģȴ޷й
У˺Ȼɫһ䣬ͣ˰գȴǸܵ˴ݶϢ
²ں棬Ȼʧ٣ճɫһ䡣
֣ѿǣҵע⣬ʵԭڣ²ţճ¶ɱ
˲֮⼫ԭɢȥ¶ҫأֻˮɻСԽԽ
ŨŨĻУȴ˿˿ɺɫת֮¾ڸ˰˷ԭ
šλ͵תܣεѹԭɢ
Ǿһ·̵ǿսٳڵŮޣ˼УҲӰȻͣ˰Уɫã¶𾪣ܵħⷽʽϢ֪²ʧһ¡
ͬʱǿ˴ɢ˿˿ܿͰХ֮Ӳϵش
ڣعǧţʿʱȽĴ£չ˵ڶι
ڵսʿ˿̻磬ҪƬȽ
ѣαżȥŻﴫȴعепսʿɳչɱ
ԭԵϥٿ̵ĿսٳŮޣ͵˫ۣ˼һ˦̴ǧħʿǰǧ磬۶ȥ
⼫ԭڶνսչʱԭϵĳһӲŢУһûκע⵽Ѱʯͷ
ʯͷڣ̺ռ䣬˿һռУһս֮ս
²ռʯڣ뵽ָһռУڽɲǣ𶯣֪Լ˶Էơ
Ϊȴû¶ң̧ͷܣĿɫģ̫ǽɫģֻǴȴϢԶһɽһǴһƬ׳֮
ɫĻУ˹ƣƮźɫѩѩ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ȻѴظһ㡣
֣ĳαŪ飡²ɫĿɨܻ
仰ﴫһ˲ֵӰһŤУ²ǰǧ⣬һͷ׷ƮɢŻһİ£Ķ²š
ͨܿ죬ôͿǵ˭һЩĿһ

ֵ˲䣬ռغȻһȴؼ䣬ʱһѽû˽ֵԴ
ʩչͨͬʱ²Ų˼ɲǱӡǻûγһƬɫڴ֮Ȼһ˿˿Ļ֮ǧǵֱǰ
²Ÿ˺̧ٴһӼ߰ӡ˲ϢغȴһѳǹûһŤȻһ޴ߣоӣ˻ֱǰȥ
ţ²ٴ˺˫ͬʱ̧Ҫʩչٶȼ죬˿̣ȴǵһαȲ֣
ʩչڶͨʱֵԴХ𡣿ʩչͨʱֵٱԴ֮ȴǰôһ˲֣
̶̵һ˲ΪҪ
ȴ֮ȻٽǰĻ꣬նȻһն˻죬ǰԩȫ
ͬʱֵԴ֮Լٶɲٽն²ͨľ޴ϡ
һ߷˻ֵԴҲ֮
ǴٱԴĳȴٶ˲ٽ˿̣²ŵĵͨûɣ
֮һֱ²ؿڼٶ⽣̫죬²ɫ䣬ˣδͨǰһƣٱԴ֮Ȼһ
֮²ͬܣɫ԰ףӵ̧Ҫ
ܸᣬò״˶ԷʩչͨĽ࣬ɱͱҪɱԷöԷ˿չͨܣ
²˺ոһ˲䣬ɫȻ̧ǰһָ
Դ
һԶĻɽȻɲŲƣȻû²ܣȫֺ󣬱ϣǻɽڣֵıԴһγһΪǿĹ
ױԴץס;׷˿̲˼ڻﴫɲǣȴǰΧ²ŵĻɽٴŲƣԶ׺ڣȻ׳С
׺䣬׺ͬһȻֱǻɽȥչһķ
ˮԴִһ˦ҧһѪռ䱾ûˮǲģ˿̣ѪҺ۳ˮԴȴѪһʱһƬɫˮֱ׺ɽȥһɲǣ𺣺Ȼ׺ֱӱ
ֱԴںϣγһɻһɲǣ֮ǰɢ֮Դٴλ˲Ϣȥ


1866 
١ˮףԴһչһ¡¡ɱ¾֮
ǻɽ׳߽⣬һѪˮԴγһϢ֮ԴǺ£²ŵ˻
У²ȫһƻ֮⣬ѪɫΪǱɫ԰׼ٵˡ
ͷ֮ϣƮһĵƻ𣬱ǴɢԴ˱Ϊʹ²ţֻˣȴûԴ
Ҫɱսʿ֮ѣᣬ˿̿ԷһֵıԴɱ¾ӹ˵ЩʧȴûоɥⱾ֮У
²ʵϱ֮֮ԴҪɱܸκλĻᣬһᣬֲʩչͨٶ£ֽûκλ֮ʱɱͲΪԷ׼ΪԼ׼ˡ
һ㣬ּΪʶ²Ŷĵɲǣֲ˼ͬʱ̧ڶԷҪʩչͨ˲䣬˷ɣͺָȥ

һֶڷˣΪ֮٣ǿжסԷҪܼĴۣ˿ѪɫȴǸΪ
ⶨ£²ּһ̧˶ʱһϡƸܵϸ˿˷ƶ͸뵽ڣһЩж
ͷĵһҲȻǾ²ŵϵҲⶨס
ֻ²Ϊָ֮߳٣ϵãֻһ˲ѣһ˲䣬ȴִ˶Էʩֹ࣬䷴ͬʱԼʩչڶɱ¾ʱ
ֳֶڵɲǣִһ˦ȴƮѩһ˲пɨǵһֱ²Ŷȥ
Ǿ˿̴ĺһѩҲ±ֱ²ŶȥɫѩֵĽƱԴÿһƬѩУ̺Ľơ
˿֮ѩȫ²ܣչһΧɱ
һֻ˲ѣ²Ȼָж˫ͫ¶Ȼ
⡭ʲôͨȻҵһж˼ά˲٣Ҵδͨӻָжɫ԰׼ˣ̧ɲǡ
ֵͺٴָȥ
һָȥѪɫ԰ףȴΪһָ֮£Ǹոջָж²ţȫȻһеһ¶־壡
ƮѩĹƣֵĹǹ֮ܳΪǿ֮صΪ仯
˿յƺȴеȫԼٶȣһ𣬻һֻбӰİŮӡ
ŮӿëȻŮӣˣǹ꣡
Թ֮һ̣ʩչ²ȫڶαסĿƻŮӣϵɢ˲䣬УҲͬǰŮӵӰ
²ŵ˫ۣããһִ̣һ˦ȴǧڵĵϣЩɳͬһ˿˿֮ʱȴֱ²Ŷȥ
ܿ죬ǧ;űѩ²壬ֱնȥյɫֵɡɡԷͬԷӳǿĹ֮
ԶԶһ²ŵ屻ǧգͬһǣٽɫĻɲǣַһͺ
ɱ
춯أյɫǧ˺ҧɫѩֱγһɻԵӿ²
ͬʱ²ŵУǰŮӵӿǣһλ֮С
ûʱȥսٳʿҪɱ̫ѣÿһպգҪɱǣаиҪʱ̽
ֲ˼Դû̧һָա
߲֮仰ﴫȴռ̱һƬĿ߲ƣ߲ۺ󣬺ȻѳǹǺһѣ滷ƣһǰһֱǱеĻڣ²Ŷȥ
ӡɤɳƣպݺһģغ䣬һ޴ӡȻûӡ棬һӡͬʱ²ţ
ٽɡֵͺ˫ͬʱ̧һӼƳնȥϣ̳һѾ޴ĳſĻɡ󣬻һѹɡûɡͬʱͷų˫ݵ档
绽꣡
ɱ
ɽѣ
磡ּȫͨʩչ˫У⵱׷ܳ磡
ȴһְɫȻĻ֮УԿְ֮ڣȻһ£
˫£
һ̾𣬸һĲҽлصأȴǺɫѩУ߲ʳǹХƴ͸գǳǹӡӶ£磬ӡ²ϡ
²Ѫұֱը˿Ƶ;ƿ֮ʱˣͷǸ˿̵ǱȻΪ׼ĵڶɱУ
˿ͷĵƮҡʱϨ²¶Ŀ־壬һֺܾûгֵΣ
ֻҪһᣡֻҪһᣡ²ѪȾɫǿ־͸ӼˣһҪ
ҲǻȥˣѪʩչ˵ζ²ȫһ¶ɲǣչ˵֣Ҳһɱ
һΣԼٶֱ˵²Ŷȥͬʱǵصڣһ̺޾ײе˻ȴʧȥһֱ۵˾ɷȻֱ²ţ
ţԶУȻûХ䣬չȫٳ²ţ
ֵĵɱҲǱɱһΣ
ɱһ²ΪģȻۣ˾֮һٽߣŲ̵Цٽ˲ʣֱ̧²͵һץһץ֮£俰ȿսٳڵΪⱾ˵²ţ˼صĴˡ
²ŲҽУӻָжȴǺһķѣ˾Ѿõһֱӱ
²ŵԪٷɳǵŨŨĿ־壬еˣѾ׼ã˿Ȼٽ޴Ŀ͵һӣֱӾɨ²ŵԪһ֮£²ŲҽиΪңŵǵâһɢޱƿһԽȫɡ
ǵâɢɲǣ˾ǹâ֣ȫɢʹû˺󣬷ԣʹٴγֺݺݵһץ
²ŵԪ񷢳ĲҽУΪήҡ
Ҳһ̣ٽ
²ţȻ˺۲ϣԪ񼸺Ҫǲ֪ķıѾ
̫죬Ҫɱ²ţͱҪնǵϵٽһ˲Ѫ˸ȴѪһУ²ŵͷȻһն


1867 
Ѫһһն֮ȫΪͬʱǰһκι˼ɵʩչ
½֮أֶĵͨʩչΪﱻ̫ϳŪԼ粽С
ϾôӸԴϽڵһˣʶĵڣݲ
ռʯڣȴûĹ˼ɣһն֮£ֵȻһ֧صľ޴ӰӰףڳֵ˲䣬ɢɣϢ
Ѫ˸ѪԼٶȴ²ŵԪϡ£ɨնһ²ŵԪڵԪ֮ȫήͷǵһɨֱӵ˲Ϩ
Ҳģ²ήҵԪ񣬷һ˻󣬱ִһ˦ٴν˻ԵĴ󣬾봢ռС
ΪһУһѪһͷӰ£ϥĿϢ
ܣʱ̾裬˾Ŀ¶֮âһ֮ȥԶʱһֱֻۡ
ֱѪģ²ֱۣ֮֡˾¶ãܿģɢ֡
ʱţת۱죬У֪ƣΪֻ˿һƬû˿Ĳ
ڵҪȥ֮ʱ˫ۣĿ¶ƣӣɱսٳʿ˵ƣ
ˣ˸̧ǰһץʱһͷ­ٷУͷ­²ŵ˫ۣ˫Ŀڲž־塣
²ŵͷ­ֿ˰죬֮Դͷ­һ
˵ǵءĿ¶˼̧ͷԶһ˦ԶڵϨĵƯǰ
ŴһԪ֮ڴ֮ģȼɢ͵Ĺâ
ƱԴĿ⣬ְȫһһķ֮û˿Ĺ֮ȴǼΪǿ
ֻҪԪԪʹԪ˵ҩһ㣬׳š
ǰѴڣػԪԱߣɢ͵֮⣬ʹ֮жһ
Ǵ²ڵڶɱУǾͺѶȹſһʱСֿУڵԪԱߣɢ֮⣬ڡ
һůĸо˫¶˷֮ɫ
һսֵˣҪǣдΪο˿ʩչͨܣգҵսԴ²Žս񣬶µʩٶȺᣬٶ£ֻҪһᣬԷпܽκηʱȫҪƣϵͨĺ޻֮
Ŀ˸ͷȻһʱоͳǱ˺ڼ֮е²Ԫ
Ԫ˫ĿգƻԹȥССֵڡ
ԪȻݺݵһգסɲǣʩչѻ꣬ʵǱ˴Ϊ̫࣬ѻʹãǰѶԷش²һɺ޹˼ɵʩչ
²һļ䣬һ̺ޱıһһڲϵѰҸԴ
ʱţܿʱϾ²Ŵ̫ãҪ䲵ӵļѰĳһҪһʱ䡣
ʱֱŵ˫ͻȻĿ¶ϲ֮ɫ
²һ⽵ٵʯϣ˿һθӵӡԴӵǿֲʩٶȡ쿪ƣ²ŵԪɢ֮УʱԱһ
ãȴûбɢϣȻһ˿Ĺ⣬Ĺǹ죬ɢһԹԹǰز
ֻ˫ĿһģȴԹŨ󣬾Ȼļ٣ձһĳ̶Ⱥ²ŵԪҲûɢſ˫ۡ
˫Ŀֶһ˲䣬ԺȻãĵ²ţһԶȥ
ֺܿͻָ˫¶֮ɫ޷š
Ȼ˹꣡ػ˻ޣܲļʺ˽⣬Ϊ޹أȴΪ
ôŵַһõĹƷʶǺܵͣҲƷѡ
˽⣬һ˻ޣԼ꣬һ꣬ػ֮˵Ǽ컯
ͻȻľϲϣ˿̵˼Զߵ²Ź꣬޷ݵ˷ܣһμٶȥ
һ꣬޷ӳֵץǰɱˡ
ƬУӰһζأУץһеĹꡣ
Źֽ꣬봢ռ䣬дã
Щȥо²żڵͨߵһּˣ԰ʩչͨٶһΪֲĳ̶ȡ
ҪԶ룬ڿٳÿһٶȾͻϲ١
²ţȻӵ
ν˵ʵķʽԷӡΪۣŪһӿٶȵѭһͿʩٶȱ
ӡһʿԪڣγСôо֮޵ĳЩͨơоʱֳ︡ͷ
ԽͷԽȥֻʩϣԹ֮޵ʩչֲ
ϧûжԪ񡭡ֳУУ͸վӣ̧ǰһץʱһһ«֣Уǧ꣬ʣһ룬ࡣ
յɡҲߣոǰǱ֣ں²ֱۣҪָ˫۽ȫ˾Ҳյ˴ռС
Щ˫¶һ˿⡣
ǸûȥʱˡһΣʧƵĿռڡ
յʱ䣬ԭɱ죬ԽǵʿΪԽߣԽɱʶɱҲ
ڣѰʿ񣬺˫ۣϵʩչͨߣ˹սȽԼսٳʿΧɱ
Զħ޻ʣսٳŮޣǽսģǴų¡
ħټսٳڴʵһšսϹ֣ѹͱҪԵģǸ֮ˡ
պĽ죬ħ޿սϹ֣ȻΪǱЩ޷ֿӡ


1868 ŵڣ
һεɱһǰʿڶ࣬һΧҲҲûвֻ̫в֮ĳ̶ȡ
սڣԼĲԭϣǱ֣ǵӲŢУһʯͷ˿ʯͷɢĹ⣬ֵӰȻû
գһƬ谵֣ǰˮûֹֻͣС˲٣ںϣʪһƬ
ͷռʯ봢ռڣֿԶĿ¶â
ռʯڽ󣬻ԭأĻʵǺΣյģǵ򲻵ѣǲҪʹõĺá
һΣ²ƻصӰɲʧ
֮ʱȻ˾ɱս⣬ǧ֮أܵǰͨĲֵϢ
ֻҪִģɱض˫սѾ룬Ը̫࣬ûйУҲûΪ֮ұʿϧһսѪ
ΪģֻȥţĽرŵֵԸض
Ѿʺϼսʿֱ֡˵ĿսʿҿԼЩˡĿһӻһ˿ƮڼۣǰսԽԽ
ŲϵٽͨԽԽǿңϢΪŨģǰɱ֮뷨ͨײʱĺ֮
սУһץԪ񣬷ӡ;־սԽԽûãȻͳ뵽ս֮У˻죬һƬƬĲصʮɫ
˫ԭǧʿֻʣ²ǧˣۣչһҵײһսʿߣħ޵ţ޵ȴûг֡
ԸⳡɱȥţҲãħҲգһ֮ѣûʲô
˸УսѸٷȥûãֺȻһ٣תҲ࣬ﱻУʿɱһʿڰƣգ˿ˣǰħ޵ߣΪף߱˿ڵĳ̶ȣּΪ
ֿһ˺ʿЩӡǵڼԭϳֵĲԷߡ
ߴ˿̺ǱɫҰףѪɫȴɼᶨûа仯
˼ۣĿһһζȥ
׷ɱԷߵʿһͺ˫ֻ裬޴֮Ӱɲ׷ȥ
ϷսôãϷȥʿ˫Ȼ̧ǰһָ޴ӰֱǰۿҪ׷ǲԷߡ
Է߰̾һЩսУ˺ܶͬȴֵԼ
һ˿ȴһֽѣִУȴǲܣ⣬׼Ա
ΪһţʿǰΪԼļһ飡
ϷţޣһΪţ޵أͣ㻹ţޣǣңǲԷĿ͸ƽתӶݣҪԱһɲǣͻȻ˫ͫȻԼ׷ʿ֮䣬ͻȻһӰ
һ׷µӰ
Ϣĳ̧֣ǰһӣغķȴٵħӰȫһȻ
ħıħ޵ʿɫ䣬¶Ȼ֮ɫͨǲƳԷɵƳֻһͣ
ԷҲʿ
ͷһħʿͷƤ飬ԥӼˣҪ˵ء
ߣŲ̧ǰһȥֱӳǧ⣬ħʿӳĵطɲǻûڶԷǰһ̩ɽѹȻ£ʿû˿֮˲䣬ͷ顣
һʿȫķ֮ѪģԪǱƣĴڳһסѸӡǺ󣬰Լؿڡ
ԪʧֵڣȴǶһУУȫĿھ뷽ԼڿٳһΡ
һмΪ٣ת۾ͽǲԷĿֵıӰһʧãų˿
λŵĳϣڵع֣˿һϳֻԶȥıӰǰɫĳǰɫɢı䣬ȴһϤĸоƺʲôʱһ
ߣϵЩսʿսĵطӽһ·ϣǱΪʿ̾ͻֽɱȡԪӡڣǵһ
Щԭͨϵطӡһ̶ȵԪʹǻУһһתٽἫ죡
ӡʿԽ࣬ΪԽߣתͻԽ죬ͬģҪʱʩչͨٶȣҲӦ
Ҳûмޣһ·ȥӽǿսʿս֮ıԵʱѾӡ˾ˣ֮޷ӡҲûа취γɵڶ
һ㣬˵̵֮ҪγɵڶôҪΪߵԪ
²һӿʿʼӡֻĻٺܶ࣬ԿʿӡɵһУͱȵĹ²ŵĸС
ɴˣɼһߡ
ʿӦʹڳֵڶֻսУʿ١˫ۣԶҷڣ˫пսʿ
˰죬üͷ
һʱᣬѳ˵飬Ǽħʿ֪ʲôĵҩƿԿͬʱԼսһȥѰʿĿ¶˼ȻˣҪȥ֮ʱȻɫȻһ䣬˼չȫ٣ǰ͵һ塣
ɵɲǣһâ˲Ϣٽ֮ǰڵλãһ𣬺¡¡ľ𣬴ܣҲâһ֮£˱ļ
һ˰ĳֵƳԶֲʱһԽˣ
ûתֺëĸоĲһԼһǰߡ
¸ǳֲƣҪء
£ʱһĮ߻صغƱ⳾Ȼ޷ںϣ
սڵϹ֣̾жϳԼ֮Ϊҧ֮²أǴһ˦޳۶ߡ
֮ǰȽԼţ޿սʿսߣһӶݵĵط¶ɱ˴˵صս֣Ѹ׷ȥ
ϷŵڵգڰС˳ɱ֮ԴҪȥƽϢŭ𣡡
һԲ޵ٶȣɲǷɳɣŵڵٶȴǸ죬˲Ϣ벻ɣ


1869 䣡
һսڵϹ֣½ϣԳ֮ΪһԿɣɾţ
߲𣬱ǿսڵΪţͽǴţҲʿֵء
ֵʵսսٳڿʤҪɱѣȴǲܣȫʢʱ߲֮Ϲ֣ǲ̫ࡣ
Ĳ࣬˾ŵԴΪﵽ˿ڣҲѿԽҲת۵һЩʸѡ
ҪսڵϹ֣ΪϽֱҪΪﵽڵĳ̶ȣĵŴУȹһ٣
һΣжȹЩʱɱˣĲΪأ
˿κ׼սϹ׷ɱŲ֮ӡ˴˵صأʱ޷ƿһϹ׷ϣһΣɣ
ΣͷȫΪתڣʹٶٴαǰļ۶ȥ
ŵɫƽֻ˫ȴ¶ɱŴ󲽣׷ȥ
ҿһΣôϷƤߣŵڶϴαϷˣ֮£Ϊ⣬ټɱ֮Դʹû취ʶɱ֮ģΪŨ
ڴ˵ս뿪ɵӰ죬Ҳ⣬֮Ը׷ɱ֣ʵϣһжħ޵һרΪָļƻ
ƻԴʿΪۣʹô±棬ӽսʱ䣬ֳ֣
ʵϣħ룬ںܿʱڣͰڶδսΪǵԮȻǰ
֮ԮʼûϢΪɱ֣
ڵ飬ʹħ޵棬Ϊ֮ŭ׷ɱҪɱ֣ΪЩ£ÿһǾ춯أ
ɱħ콾ƿյķ˵ɵļƻɵǰʹħ޴ر˾ҵĻ𣬸ʹħڵʿ˴룡
Щֻ֮ǰּɱ˵ħڵ֮Դ²Ŷпܱ䱰ɵĲɱ
һϵ飬ʹ޽ս֮ͳΪħͷűɱ֮ˣ
ŵ׷ֵɲǣս֮⣬̾ĵϢĵϢȻȫǿսڣ
Ϊ˵ģĵϢֺԭıƵգͻȻӿһɹɫɫ֮£һ޴ɫЫӡ
Ыӷ˻ɫɢ·սѹ
ħʹߣ߽սȽڸܵĵϢճɫЫӵһ˲䣬ɫȻ䡣
ħʹ߽ս֪ⲻļħʹߵĿ£ôҲû뵽Ȼĸħʹߣ
Ҫ֪ڵҲֻǳѣħ˵ħʹÿһΪײ̫࣡
Ƚɫ԰ףȴ֪ħ޳ĸħʹߣĿ֣ֻѣȽ˼ٺˡ
ٻصعڣУȽ¶ؼɵһͺȽѣ˵еţʿڸܵĹǿϢ뿴ɢγɵɫЫӵ˲䣬ȫˣΨһͷٻصع
Ͼһߣ
ĸħʹߣΪͬǿսڵߣˣ޷Կ
ѰʿأһͿɽصȥعַʽΨţʿħʿûа취ء
Ͼ󷨣ɴڣȻȫ
Ƚ֮Ŀսʿȴͱסױߣĵ̹⼲۶Ǿ޴ЫӸǲϵ³ͷųɫ
ص䣬ڴڵţ޿սʿһŭȻУصжֹܵ
˵֣˿ҲڣܵԶĵǿϢȻٽֿϳֵľ޴ɫЫӣɵõ
֪ԼΨһĻٻصعһˣǵعԼ޷սϹ֣û˿ǶڳɳķǶû˷ѵ֮Ҳ
ΣҪѰɱʱоΪǿңֲ˼޼ֱأֻҪ˴أͿȥߣ
Ѿ⳾޷˲ƣȫٶȣ޳صɲǣŵ׷ʮɣͲż֣Ҫбǰĥ
ԶһâХȴһħʹߣűգҪŵһͬ׷ɱ֣
ħ˵ǱҪɱģͷ֮ޣħʹѰʿΪͬǼΪײУͲԷΪΣһڵССӣҲȫֺɱûԼݡ
˫ͫ˿̾ػٶɣǿԶڣѪһؼߣͬɫ԰ףӶݡ
һսʿ׷֮ڴأȽѪұ۸ֱӱֱضһħʹ׷ϡ
һȽأ̾ͻѡյع󷨣ʱҾ޷ȥҪ죬죬죡ֽУۿȻһɣʱŵڣˣ
һнˣŵڻ䣬̧ǰӶݵȻһָһָ֮£֮ǰָоֲâХֱֶȥ
ɲٽ
͵ת¶ϣһ˦âٵɲǣǰǰɡ
ɡһʹʱ˻

֮춯أȴâֵķԱγһɾ޴ĳɳ֮ϣȫ飬ѪӼ³ת۾;ǵصײʮɣ
ƽʱһþͿɿԽľ룬ȴͬعһ㣬ΪٽħʹߣȻɣ
սϹָ֣޷߹ʮɣԶȽѪȻ˴ϣһ֮䣬ʧӰ֣ȴû˿ԥͣ٣ڽصһɲǣѡ˹رգȫԵһЩʱյع󣬵ȴûС
ش󲨶ڼٵķ֮У˫һͨȻһŵħʹٵɲǣóǧĺ«
ǰһף
ʹ˿ȴ޷ȥ̫࣬Ǳ֮һֳڵɲǣ«ڵĽǧ꣬Х«˾֮ԭ
ǧıвһսʿ˿̺ȻŵڣҲɫ䣬Ȼֹͣˡ
ħʹҲüͷһ壬Ųһ
ᣬִŷֱӿԽʮɵľ룬Ǵȫյ˲䣬ضȥ


1870 
ڽصɲǣɫ԰ףһѪҲ޷ס˳˿ֱĸܵص׵ķգԼһ˲䣬ױպϡ
֮ǰٶһ˿ھͱֹ˴ϣǸʱսϹ֣־ɣҲûа
ֻǣһеĴʵ̫ǧĺ«ּΪʹ«õĺˣ԰ȥشһսϹ֣ڣȴֻ䱬ΪԼһ
ˣǺ«ΪǿҲֻ֮ֻҪܹһεΣվпܻøǿķ
ŵڣ˳ĳסˣɫΪŵһĻ˵½ΣһΡ
вȻɣˡ
һرŵڵĳ֣ͬʱȽΪҲּͬס
ţȽմصʱԻһЩһֵĻֺпܲԱ«һЩܳصġ
Ƚ˽ȴأ
Ƚ˫ͨ죬¶ɱ½ûйУһǿͬİ·һ
ˣ̸ϳ𣬶ǸΪԼĿģȥæµѡ
ڣȴ뷨˸ı䣬ָı䣬ԭԷŵһ˲顣
һֳصܿͿǴ֮µĵعϷ˿̴죬ȴڴϲϵعͼصķգ붴
˵󷨾ǿ󣬵սϹƴȫϵعб俪Ŀܡ
һֽǵعڣعУ˿ֻһǧʿס˻һΪǱĴǷ׷ǵعڣ̧ͷϿգ߿Ǻƾ죬ɫ¶
ʱĿɨǵعĹȺУǼոջĿսʿڣǣҲˡ
Ϸ֮ԽԽңعʼ˲Ϸ£˵֪ħ޾Ҫ俪ȻҪ̵ʱ䣬˿ϵغȴǸ˴˵ˣһԽԽѹ
ѹ£־ߣ׷
У˵һǧʿвˣ¶˾ϿղʱµһЩعĲ𶯣ǿ־Ũ
ˡǿϹ֣󷨸޷ǣһǴ󷨣Ǿͱɡ
ħԮΪʲôûУֻЩػ
ͲػˣûõģܿͻᱻƿӦߣ
Ȼ֮ƺ£籩һعϥԼĶУĶûţһ۾ͿԿһС
ЩʿһĻŵعԼϿʱڵĺֵɫ
عֲģǵعħʿɱӶУֶԸŵڣ
ҶԷԷӡһأȫٷӡڶΡΡĴΣصԼķӡֺͷʹ
ͨһ㣬ҲжϳħѾ⵽Լڵڵ飬ҲȻ֪пܣһٵĸսϹ֣ΪԼ
һΣ俪ţѨĿ֮һһĿģΪɱңһضƻΪܣ˿ܿĻᡭ
ĻҪڽΣбͬʱܷͱҪٶȣֶεԼǿĿ˸ȫתѰԼǿķ
ѾܾûˣΨǲϵΣ֣ǧʱУɳĳ̶ȡ
˼֮ʱһǧʿô˱ֳĬ⣬֮ˣϷĺԽӾңȻŨ֪˭ͷȻӵһ£ΧסǵعĹȺ⡣
λսٴô죡
ħ޵ʿҪɱǸô
ûԮУʲôʱûУĪҪɣ
λ𣬸һ˵
һ𰸣
һжûд𰸣ǲܵӴͶ̡˵仰ˣһӣһŭɫ¶־仰˵ͻȻ˫ۣӲԼƵĴȺڷɳ˫ֿסԼĲӣϵ
һ˫εĴ˫֮£ݺݵסľһƾҲڲ
һʿȫȻһƬѪŰ˷ɢһǧʿϣѪ䣬˵ȫȻֹ
ʲôһǹڴȴʧȥһֱֻ۵Ƚɫ԰ף˫ȴ¶߹һ߳
ɫҰףϸеѪɫǱĬĬں档Աߣ£ͬɫήңȻŵһսУĹͷܵش
ԼԭŵĿսʿһĬĬĸ档
ȽΪף⼸սʿȫɵعİգߣߴ˿ɫ԰ף֮
ȽĿڴһɨ˿˷ܣûܵĶֻʶһɨ
ûеΣʱţ޾ߣݹĳɱˣܵѣ˵һ¡Ƚ˵ţߡ
һæͷ·Ⱥɫ¶ӣ̾һȭһݺ󣬿ڡ
λѣϷ⼫ԭعĸˣǴ󶼼ҡ
˵Ƚüͷһ塣
ճһ£̿ٵ˵
ģսڵϹ֣ڵţѨһֶΣһʩչɷɱȥ˿Աƽ뿪
ԲûңֶΣҪҸԼȫΪ֮ٻţ֮꣬߻󣬾ͿԱţ긩ΪʱﵽһΪֲĳ̶ȣ߿ٿڡ
ⷬһɲǣ·һǧʿȻ飬Ǵδ˵ţ޵ĴţţĴҲڻ֮УһţڣҿٻΪ
ţ󣬻һΣԣԼλսٴһͬΪߣҹϴϡ߻䣬Զڵ֣˫ͻȻ¶֮â
ŲΣգȽѡϻ±ضĺôĻȽô
λѣΣգţ޵Σ֮ʱĳΪΣնñȥԣ飬ĳ
ԽΣ֮£ԽҪĳȥĳպλÿһ죬ΪĳһϾƱɣȽ˷ܼѹססɫȴ͸һֻһֻΪ˱˵ĸо
ⷬʹĿ΢ɲ¶ġ


1871 Ҳͬ⣡
ڹʱһۿ൱һĪ컯ٻţ꣬ϣΪͬʱǿΪΪߣĺô
ֻ飬˿ԻãҪţһϵ󣬷ţϵԽ࣬ΪԽǿֲ
˵ʱһﵽˣպٴһ磬ضҪѰ֮ײ١
ĻᣬǺһΣҪţ֮ˣΣ£ţѨſɡ
ҪģٻţĴܶ࣬һˣţͻΧɢһţ޶ܵӰ졣
Щ飬Բˣᶯţ޵ĸ
˵ˣɻǻһЩ֮ˣѡ񲻹Ϳ̿ǿȥƶһˣôԼȻ֮ضܵԻĳͷ
֮أһɵȻ֮ã˸Υ
һΥһһһ
ǳǵһ֮޵Ļ˷ӡ֮޵Ļ꣡ħʿ֣ȴʹһһڵи
ĻᣬȻͬĿսʿҲһΪֻǣ޷ȽᣬȽΪ˲٣ƾڴսĹףǾ޷ڡ
عϿյƾ컹ڼǺͬʱиĺۼ
λѣϥ£ǵΪ֮ȫɢţһͬٻţ֮ûȽļѣᣬѾ˺ܾã֪꿭ȷΣգȴô󣬶ҪģһεĻᣬҪһΣ޾֮
һΣͬڣţ߸Ѩ˻ʸպţ޵ĵλȻպգ
ĻУ·һǧʿĬƬ̣׷ϥ£ûѡΨһķ
Ƚˣܲʣ˿̴ȥ׷װ̾ϥأΨȻһˣվе˷ܣȻβסˡ
ߣ˵ͷ
߲Ҿܾæ˫ΨԼΪ㣬֮ԿԱɵΪ˵صĸˣÿһδս̫룬ΪƣǷǳʺţ깵ͨ
ħʹһݣΪţͣ
ϥڶУ˫Ŀһûѡȥ
⣬ҧ⣬Ѫͬʱ̧һץѪһѪɫӡ
ţʥ֮꣬Ѫ⣡ɫΪأѪɫӡǰһӣӡǱ޾âع
λѣΪ֮Ѫâ֮УȻһͺ
ͺУ·һǧʿϥ£һɢȫΪֻ㲨ɢһʿΪ֮ɢһɫ¶ʹ࣬ȴΪ֮ȫѪâߡ
޾ѪһǧʿȫΪȻֱɢѪâӡȥһһʹؼ䣬ȻһƬɵ
ѪɫӡΪģڵعϷƣγһ޴УлûתĿ
תϵػصۿȥеͨһĿռ䣬һԹ˻𣬴ĿռڷĴ
𣡣
һ֣عҵ𶯣·һǧʿһʱɫ԰ףѪɫή
ˣҲɲǣɫһ䡣
ţ֮
Ƚɫ˷Ҳ޷Σȫı¶ڵռ䣬ţ֮̿Ц
ĵ˷ܣȻ˼ޣ¶̰ףò̫ʱ䣬ͿԻöݵΪҶպĪĺô
䶴УУǴţ֮İ
ѪɫӡǣٻţĵһһǧʿΪ֮ǴͨţӡڵĿռ֮ǵڶ
λѣÿȡǮѪܶ࣬٣ʳָ̧һ֮£ʱָ˿ڣɳ˾ǮѪ
ͬʱ·һǧʿһȫ̶ֳ̧֣ȣѾû·ߵҪȫͬѪһѪɳ
ЩѪ˲һ𣬺ȻһѪɫӣӺɨأһֱУĳ뵽ĿռȻݺݵһק
ţ֮ٴλصѪɫקУҪţĻһ
ԽӾңȽΪ˷ܣ촽¶Ŀ
ҵˣȽˣţҾͿɱ˵ʱݣһεսУҾ׻ȥȽУɫһ죬Ѿ˺ܾã
֣֮ʵҲΪţֵ̬ȣһвУټ϶ɵʶʹȽŻ֮ǰ
ǺɫڲϵקУţԿУһţӰһק
һûг̫ãӾ޷קļ󡣿һĻȽкһ
ܵѣȽȻתͷߵͬʱֿһˡ
ĿЦҧһȭ
ţ겻λͷԪСһ꣡˵ţȻ̧üһģһߵԪʱɳһСֱжȥһסӡ
ͬʱȽ˫۵ĴвĿУԼԭŵĿսٳʿĬб˫ۣϥʱԪ̷ɳΣߣץסӡ
ﳤϣ³ϣȽˣĿ¶һ˿⡣
ﰵ̾ԥϥУɳԪһץסǺɫӣսٴߵϢΪȻһק֮¡
ȴǾ޴Уţһ˻ع˵صףϷء
Ǻ£һ޴ţӰȻڱקһɿֲѹܣ
ţӰֵ˲䣬âɣ·ʿĿ⣬ڼϢ£˶ˣţӰպȻһƯϣһ
һƬɫɢϢΪǿ
׳ֵɲǣԪ壬˫ĿӵĿȥȽЦУֱס
ţѨĻȽˣ
ȽҪ߳˲䣬ȴһѾõٶȣȻӲԶĶһֱף
㣬Ҳͬ⣡


1872 ͷ­
纮֮ڳؼһɲǣһɴˣ
˫һ¶ϲ֮ɫȽԼҲ֪Ϊʲôϣӵ
ߣɫ䣬¶־塣
˫Ŀ¶֮ɫ֣֪ЩʲôսʿҲǷ׷Ŀһ
·һǧʿһ׷һ㶣Ȼû뵽ȻıʣǻֵɲǣͬȽľ
Ҫ֪Ƚ˵ˣΪȴڣΪѰʿս
⻰ﴫ˲䣬һ˸׼Ѿõسɴ磬ɲǳǻǰֹȽǰУ
֣Ƚ¶ɱͬû뵽־ȻҲعУ֮ǰڴӻʱȻ֣Լ̷մأҪ赶ɱˣ
˿̿־ȻûҳƻԼ֮ֵɱȻ˿Σ
ңȽֱ̧֣䣬սΪȻ
Ŀ֮£ңǴųϣţָǰ˵֮ˣڧң
㲻´ŵ׷ɱ㲻ţŭ㲻ţû֮أΪս֮Уɱͬţ˿ȥ㣬ʣһȣ
У·һǧʿ𣬴ĳϣȽԼ£еĸˣ
Ƚɫһ䣬ʶһ١
ץסᣬһǻɲǣȴûг˿ںϼһ仯˫һ
Ƚ֣¶ɱͬʱм
ûнһںϲˣ
ںϲҲûϵںϣҲͬ⣡ɫƽȽڡ
Դӵعʼյ͵ܶ˶ˣҲǴŵĳϣ˿̣ȴǲڵ͵
ⷬж·һǧʿĿ⣬׷״𾪿ȥ֮кܶ˲˽⣬ֵΪȻȽԿ
仰ϬȴǿԳԽһзȽҳ֣
˵Ƚճ֣Ŀ֮£԰ȫɱһ⣬ž
Ҿȫ⣬飬Ҳضܣһܳ𰸣ͬᱻ׷ɱ
һǸʱţޣû֮飬һ亹ٳ֡
ԭϣ֮ǰͻȻ֣ĳΪмϸҪʶŻ֡ϳϣ֮ǰȻᡣȽ֣ڡ
޷ȻϴĳȻ⣬ϣҲͬӵС˵
ȽĶۣݺݵסȭͷȴ¶΢Ц
Ŷ֪ã˭ӵΪãԼôȽԭ򣬶Դһ䣬һȥ֡
Լ˻ҪԼӵУŵΪĳǿˣΪһ˽˴˵һǧʿϣСء
㲻ͬ⣬ԼӵУҲҪʴңûʸ񣡡ȽΪȻ仰ͰַŵԼʧ̬ȫҵһҡ
Ϊϣʸ񣡡Ƚµ˲䣬ͻȻڣ仰ᣬȴعںƵʹˣ׷һ
˵䣬΢΢һЦ
ﳤϣҪԼĻ𣡡Ƚ˫ͫɫ
ѣȻ֪Ƚƶ
ĳҲΪʸ񣡡һԵ£Ȼ˵
仰һ·һǧʿһʱȻҪ֪һսʿĻѾأڣȻսٴͬʱϿɣ˵⡣
ҪģǶǴųϣ
ããȽкŨĿɨȻŭһĳ̶ȡ
أҲΪΪлûʸôҲҪ·һǧѵΪʿôȽŵĿսʿҧڡ
˳ĬȽǲͬģ¶ˣҲԸϾЩ˶Ǵŵĳϡ
֣˷û̫ء
ĳĬȽЦĿһɨ·һǧʿϣĿ֮˶ͷʱκλ
Ȼ˶Ĭﳤ³Ϊĳʸ㿴ءʼնɫƽ˿̻ڡ
Ƚ֣ȻЦˣһŭ𣬸˲ɢָƽ
ȷʸô£֮ѡˣҺ֪㲻ͬһʲô
һεսĹײ俪ڡ
ȽŴ˻Ц
ҹײҴǷΣҴӻصعһսס˶ԷսʿڶսҸˣ
ң˵ؾʣһǧʿͱɱ¾һգ
ҵĹײôϣҵҪʣʲôף
ûԥ̧һ֮䣬֮Դͷûֵ֮ϣһ̧
ħ޿սʿӦüɱ
һͷ­һ֣عȻܿ죬ˣҪ֪ħ޿սʿ飬˵ţʿȫ֪֮εĲ²⣬˭ɱ˶ԷĿսʿ
ʣʼûд𰸣һ˲䣬ǿͷ­һɲǣһƽĻɱĸֺȴһ䣬ɫ¶Ȼ޷֮ɫ

Ȼɱ˶ԷĿսʿ
⡭ôܣΪԲȻɱս٣
ô̵ʱڣɱ˿սʿ⡭Ϊضأض
ҲǴŵĳϣߣ٣ضҲȫļƻһô򵥣
˺ǵ͵סһѡ񶴸ˣǻûҲǿԵģ
·Щʿ⣬ڿͷɲǣѾ²⣬ȻֵĿΪͬ
Ȼ
Աߵ£Ҳ˫Ŀͫһ˴ˡ
ŵĿսʿǴһɫ¶޷ţ͵Ŀ֡
ǿһԺкȻֳԼٵģǻû޸ĶԷĶš
֮˷һһȽĶУɫƽ˲ĶֵǲдǰĲ־ͷ­һ
֪ô¼ȥôԷĹףȷҪԼ࣬飬
˵ЦˣĳۿһΪĪǰʱ֣ɱ˴˺ʬһԣתȥû뵽ȻѴ˵ͷ­£õð䡣


1873 ߳ŭ
Ƚɫ¶˼ڡ
ݣ˵ĻΪ˻ȴǲòˣȥԷ
ΪںϻһҪ˵Ĳ룬Ҫǵֻеľ󲿷ʿͬ󣬷԰ǵΪѪٳţϣδʹںס
һںϺΪͬٲҪκ˵뷨
ϣû뵽ȻΪôɱһսʿɱҲͰˣս϶ܣԸðҲͰˣû˻ȥ˵ʲôѨڣѾкܶ˳ΪӢ꣡
Ǿȴǹ䣬Ҳǣ˲ǣţ޲ǣ
ͷ­ҿԵŵûзĻԴϷˣҵȣԴð书ͣҾͿԲ棬ֱӽɱ
ΪΪңĽӢ꣬ʿȽһ֣ͺ
ɫǼ仰һΪŭ˼ޣڿƣ·ʹļһ
仰һ̾Ͱַó֮Դͷ­ĻȻңĽ˲٣ʹ·һǧʿһ̳Ĭ¶˳˼
вˣڿʱ¶˱ŭ
棬˾ûΪضͷ­ð䣡
ˣʵ޳
ûϵΪ˵ۿ˳֣Ӧòˡ
ҲЩԾ֮ǰͿΪҪڲ˵
Ȼ֮УΨǼսʿȻԼжϣɫƽȽ
ȽĻҡͷԷĿ⣬һ˿ɫЦЦû˿⡣
ȽֵɫĿ⣬Ȼһ£ЩĺȫⷬһԷó֤ݡ
Ԫ񡭡
뵽ȽˣûпԷһĻ֮ԴǰԪϢȴӦ֪ԷܻԪڣȫˡ
óͷ­˵ð䣬ô㿴أ¶⣬Ƚ̧һӼ䣬֮Դͷ­ԣȻ˵ڶͷ­
ͷ­ħ޿սٳڴ²ţ²ŵͷ­Ǳ˫Ŀ¶޵Ŀ־ԹޣУиɿݵĺɫѪۣ
ͷ­һعɲһƬţ˵Ŀⶼͷ­ϣɵĿսʿҲǻȻϥ͵վ

²ţҵһվʹսͨʩչٶȼ죬ѰͬʿͲĶ֣
˵Ϊʲôڵڶνսʱûг֣ԭԭȻɱ
˵˴໥ۣԷеĺȻ𺳣
ͬɫһ䣬ʶ²ŵͷ­ɫ¶޷ţΪɱһѾΪ飬£˵ڶ
£ֵĿ⣬һγļɵų԰ʵֻǿȽ̫Ĳϲ£ȴǸоԼԴǣΪȷ
ûʸˣûʸ
һԵߣɫҰһƬļǵãԼδ֣ԴǺܲ˿̻ʱһ亹
ɷǣսʿͷ­ڱɱ˺ȥð䡭
·һǧʿڳĬ󣬱ԶԶ֮ǰ뺧Ȼ֮и߸ϵĿսʿ˿ͷ­ͱУӾĳһĲ
㻹˵ۿһΪɲߣɱħ޵һսʿǡñҿͷ­
ȻǸɲߣѲߵʱ֣ɱ˵ڶħ޿սʿǡñҿˣֱҿͷ­ƿڣɫٱõȽ
Ƚ˿䣬һ²ŵͷ­ͷƤһ飬ȻĿ֣ôҲû뵽־ȻɱսٳʿΪҲҪΪӣ
²ţħպգȽҲţ֪ʩٶ֮죬Ϊֲ
֮ǰһսУŵڽʱϳԶ²ŵݣ
ֻȽɫЩŤڡ
ûпΪĪ֣߳ܳһΣпֵܳڶΣͷ­Уֻ˵ȽϺã㡭²ŵĻֵЦȻϡ
ЦУȻ̧ڣȻһ꣬귢˻ӣ²ţ
Ƚ㿴ʲô͵ĶȽ
ȽڿһɲǣɫֱӲ԰ףһΣĵ˺󼸲ſҪ˵Щʲôȴ޻˵
²Źһ֮ǰлȫƣ
ܵѣνںϵĲ裬ĪҪ˷ʱ䣡ĿɲǾһɨ
æͷ˿ȽƿԣȽ׼ǿгɱ֣ĻѶ
λѣںϵһǵѪҺΪٻţ꣬ҪǵǵУ󲿷֮ѡ˭׾Ϳں˭ϣһ˼ûֱָ˭ĻͲ̫Ƚ
仰һ̳ĬȽ͵̧ͷ˸ɱ֣ںʧôʵǲģ
ӣð书ͣӢ꣬¸ɱȽһҧ˾ϣֻףĻԷӵìɱԼ̻ᱻѹ
飬Ȼûʲô˼ˣȽȻ˳ȥ
ֻҪһ޷Ҵսƴ´󹦣ٻصŽ𷣣治ΪһˣأȽͺһζԼٶֱֶȥ
͵̷Է˿̼Ƚǰеɲǣ̺ˣȻ̧γɵĵһмתּʩٶȣ
ͬʱĻɢ޾Ĺ⣬ȴ򷽲ߵĻ·һǧʿȻԿٵ¶־Ƚ֮ѡ
Ҽԭʿо֮Ϸϣѡѡ֮УȺһԷߣ˫ۿգ˵
ڼԭݣⷬ˴˵һЩ˵⣡
һҧȻһΣֱȽжѡҪһԿȥһѣ
£һԥͬѡ֣Ȼ֮ǰѾڣͲµȽף


1874 꿭
Ƚٶȼ죬⣬һαҪɱ֣Ŀ֮£ҲҪһ㣬Ѿʧȥ֮ǰȻ˷֣Ҫɣ
һΣɲٽֺڵµɲǣѸ̧һ֮Уȴعغ߲ʹâƣһ߲ǹû߲ǹ󣬵ڶԻԴ۵߲ǹҲȻ֡
߲ʳǹХֱȽ
ͬʱû˿ͣ٣ٴκˣŲУ˫ͬʱ̧мתʹ˫ֱ˼Ϊֲٶȡ
ٶ£ڵΪҲתԵ²һķʽչϵͨ
ӡȻ֣һǰһӡֱȽ
ţ£һƬ𺣣ٽɡûѹɡһһ£档
߲ʳǹХٽȽһ˦УǿΪ˿սڵ֮£߲֮ǹͬʱӡȴǺ¡Ƚһ
촫ܣȽûȷӦȴѷٽɡȻ֣֮˷ֱȽ١
Ƚ˫ͫһ̣ɱ²֮£û˿Ļɣʩչͨٶȣ²ţ˶Ȼᡣ
Ψɱ²ţԴѰҳַ
һУֻǿʼԶԶûнƾ˺˫ٴȻ䣬ص׵عУȻһ䣬һƬõĴ֮Ӱ
һȫʧޱ޼ʵĺ󣬸һƬڣΨԶߣһߣǽ̧ͷ
ҹֵͺ˫Ȼ̧һӣǺ޵ķŴһĽǽһɢʱ˺Ѻҹ
ǽһ򣬺Ȼٴγһȼյ̫֮ͬ˺ҹĲҹ֮
ţ޴ʯţȻû˺ˮϣɣϢתȽ
һжɲǼ䷢ǧ޵δ̶̵˲Ϣ䣬ôͨ
ЩԶԶûнҹʩչһ˲ִһ˦мת
绽꣡
ɱ
ɽѣ
磡˦УֽգȻٴγɫ£γӰȽڣڵ֮ͨ
¡¡ľ켱ٻȴȽӡٽɡĻУֱҹۣ֮ոת䣬һŭĵͺ𴫳ֵһ̱ͨ
޴ӡֱӱѷٽɡͬѣͬǴյĽȫ߽⣬޴ʯţȻ̮
ȽɫΪǱʧȥһֱֻۣڱƣ˿Ϊ˶Կ˶ͨ˵Ǳȫ˿̳֣ɫ԰ףһֱ֡
ôһȻٽҪȥֹ
ȽȻɱۣٵɲǣ͵һ˦һѪѪ䶯̻һһѪɫֱˡ
ԼǴɱƣٳ֡
ȥ
ͺУȽ̧𣬺ݺݵһյع񷣬Ȼ䣬һѾ޴ľų֣Ȼ֣Уֺݺݵһҡ
Х̶춯أǾųԼٶֱֶȥת۾ٽǰ˫֪ͫսʿعڣȴǱҪƻԷļƻĻһȽÿɻΪԼͻΣ
ᣬҲΨһһԼǿʱ
ЩʱҪʲôͱҪһĴۣͱҪй˵ĵҪȥģ
˫¶ҶģҲĵ𣡣δùһĴۣȴһΣһӮˣ컯ˣҲἱӶݶȥ
Ǿųٵɲǣָܵӡ˼˫Ȼ̧ǰպݺݵһۣ
˺죡ͺ˫ֺݺݵ͵˺˺ɲǣٵľų˺֮˺¡¡ľ죬УѪӼٵǾų֮Уĸݣµݣȴͬһֱ֣֮
˲Ϣ䣬ټֲɣת޾ķҪֵĻһԼٶȣȻӽ
ȫһʹüΪģҪָתĳ֣Ȼֵ壬һ˲䣬ȫѪ
ȽЦѾԤϵһαɣѾֵ˺룬ԪһĻ
ȽΪУ㻹ʸ񣡣
£ӪȣȽϧԪ֮Ѫǣ˵޷̫ʱ䣬ֻϢѣΪЩʱ䣬ԼȫϧΪĹ£㹻ˣ
ȥˣҵģȽͺЦп˫ְǰĳ֣ӼٺˣѪУȽЦ
ܵʿһĻһȻĿɿڴиǸֳ󾪿뺧ȻȽǿȥȻΪİ
ˡˣ
ǰɱϣضǴڣ
˼ɣ˻תҪȫɱ¾ɾȻȫƵħ
ܵһǧʿһŷȽ¶־֮ɫһЩԭѡʿҲ̸Ļ⡣
ȽЦڴعɲǣȴͻȻһ٣ţ¶޷֮ɫ
ȴֺ˵ӣδķָѪɢУͬĦǿһ̷ӳؼá
ֵͷһɲǣһɢ͵ƻ֮âĵâ壬ʹǾʹٵϻָ
Ƚ¶ɱڿûԼһΣֱֶȥ
ǿΣзΣһ£Ƚֲʮɣ
ڶ£ʮɣ䵥̧Ҫһƺɱ˲䣬ͻȻԶţ˴ĿĹ⣬Ȼɢɫϸ˿ԼٶȳȽȴһֱ֡
һж˲䷢ת£ȫ̱ɫϸ˿ƣһ޷ݵǿϢȻȽϢһ壬ֱѪӵɫ¶־ŨŨĲʣ



1875 ɱȽ
Ƚۿɫϸ˿⣬ٵۼ䣬ϵǹϢһֲֿĳ̶ȷ
ĳ̶ȣͷڳˮ¶޷ݵĿ־塣Ƿļʣ
һУӦģ̶ֳȵϢӦģһУӦȽģ
һɫϸ˿Ƶ֣ǰ˫ְŵǳ֣Ȼѷ죬̱Ƭ
ֵ壬䶯һϸ˿Ƽ䣬Լٶȣ֯һڵףȫĸľףֻһ˫ŵ˫Ŀһͷɫķ˿
һ޴ţӰûţһɲصƣͬ˫Ŀû
ֵڣΪһַٶȣȻǽţףֻʱȴԸִĺô
ΪɲǼȱһԴƣֱӾʹﵽ˿ڣ
ڿڲһϢȻΪ˿ڣ
ţԸٶȣ䣬ͷ޷ԶƮҡУȫϢֱӴﵽ˿ڣ
ۿڷһֻת۵飬Ƚ£Զʼûг֣໥սʿȫ¶𺳡
˵·һǧʿ˿̴֣֤һţ漣
ȽܵдĿ־壬˿̺˫ۣĴһӼȥֱǰȫʿϡ
֮춯أâ޾Ŀ֮ȴ˿޷֣ڱ˫ۣȽչͨ
ףִڲ֮أȽԱҲ˿޷˵һ˿
ԽȽԽǼʵķϣͨ£ɣ
ˣҵģ
֣ҵģҵĻ㲻ú
Ҫɱ㣬ɱ㣡ȽԼûз֣Ȼħһ㣬Ϊ飬һУȫΪ̫ߣֿɵãȴɢ
֮ǰһ׼Ϊ˼£Ĵ޷ܣͻȻ飬ǲԸܡ
ֵĳ֣һеף˿ķҲȫΪֻ֣Щ˿Ľ⣬û֪˿ȽڣһµŮӰӿ
ּȻ֣ͻᾡԼ㵽һнĶػȽûвУȻ£
ȽĹ£ϵϢٴһεֱӾʹﵽ˿۷壬һ֮У
һ仯ͬһεػȻȽڣЩһѪ˫ۣչͨ
ڵҲڵƾʲôұӶݣȴʹõ˴󹦣ңҲ
ţѨҲΪߣʸϣҵģƾʲô
ֱ˫ۣʼûϵϢȴڽ뵽ٺһεı
һΣΡΡĴΡ˴ΡŴΣ
ûٵ⼫ΪȫУֵϢɱ˾ŴΣ˾ŴΣֱӴӿ۷壬뵽Ŀսپ磡
սٳڣ
ֵΪ뵽˿սٳڵһɲǣ˫ۣȻ˫۵һ˲䣬Ǿ޴ţӰͬʱ˫Ŀ¶һɷķ
𣡣
ţӰ̧ͷһعŴأԭ˵޾ص˻𣡣
ǵϣأͼ󷨵սʿһɲǣһȻɫ䣡
ţ֮𣡣
һţֻţ޵ţſƾһ˻𣬾
ƵһΣħ֮һţɫ仯У˲
ˣ͸˵ǲǧħʿˣһӲ¶־壬һ˻𣬼Ԫ
عУǺ£˺ɫɺɫǷ񣬶ţţԹ
Ҫɱң˫Ŀ֣ѪУû˿УһƬãͷǰȻֹͣ˺ɫҰ׼˵Ƚ
ҪɱңУƻָ˼һ֮ǰ飬Ȼ̧ǰһӡ
һ֮£غ䣬ȴֵȫһţֱȽȥһ죬Ƚҽߵķݣٵ
¶ɱڹ죬ڸ׵ףǰһȥһ֮£˲ϢȽǰû˿ֻͨһźȻȥ
һ̧ɲǣֵҽţȻûΪţĽǣ
һȽĲҽУȫȻΪѪͬʱԪ񼱼ӶݶԪǷ񣬶Ǳ־ȡ
һ̵ûа㼵ʣû˿ķ񣬷ȫлָʱ˿־ļС
Ǵųϣ㲻ɱңĿ䣬׷ϣһӣȽԪ̱ʧȥ°
ţĵӣɱңʦŹ㣡ʧȥһȽԪ񣬾ҲŶĿ־壬˺
ٴνŲһֱٽһӼ䣬ȽԪʱȴ壬Ȼֻʣһʱɢͷ­
ڴݼΪ߹㡭ͷ­Уϣһ̣ˣΪսʿ£ȴǴδйĸܵΣȻ١
ҪɱңĻո£ִڿֲףȽԪͷ­ԱߣɱһƺȻ£
ͣ
죬һУȽԪͷ­ֱӱɢ
⣬֣ȥҪɱ֮˵ݣֻ֪ղɱԷԼ׵ʱȥ󣬻ָԭΪȽضŹԼ
Ȼ治ȻȥݣǴɻ֮ӣҲһҪɱ
һ̣ĸܵĴڣͶ䣬ָͨоδӵйԴʱƶѾҪΪ˿̵ĸܵԴѾʧΪԼѪһ֣
壬˵ȫһԴ۶壬ѪˮԴ۾׻ԴһдڣǱԴ
ֱ仯ϵɣָоԼѾʿһڲã⣬˲֪ţ
̧ͷĿŵعϿգĿ¶ɱ
ŵڣĳˣһΣţΪһ壬ֱϷȥ


1876 ߲䣡
ԭϣŵڣߣ˿ɫ¶ɲ´أĸܵһɼΪǿϢĳ
Ϣǽһܣľ֮Уһ޴ţѣֱ̤նһ
ĸоһĸħʹߣҲɫΪأŴأĬ
ˣСͱħ޵λѡʾޣһ̶Ⱥ󣬱ħЫΪ̷ħʹʹߡ
ʹߣ࣬Ыһδε̭УܻħϿߣҲֻоˣ
ˣħ޵ħʹߣǱѹħµħЫ־֮ˣ
Ϊһ㣬˿ţ޵ļԭϣǵĸҪŵڵ˸ΪǵصĺХѹǿȥһţϿɵţʹߣ
ԽӾ룬ƵĺأݱһƬɫķĩڸܣͬһ
ŵľһӵ漱ٷ棬ߡ
ĸħʹߣȴɫУ˴ûգѸɢϥĸ˫Уͺ
ȴǵĺУƾճ˴ٷ˲ͻɫЫӣ
ɫЫӣɫΪû󣬶ʱ˼˻𣬼ٳֱضȥ
ţ˸ҧ⣬Ѫ˫밴˴أ˫Ŀյͬʱ˵֮ϣʱһֱ۴ϸĵۣһ޴ɫӣ
ǾӾõģȴ͸ɭɭħ棬ŵߣڿɫħɲǣɫ¶ȡ
Ǿڣɨ䣬ûһƬ½½ϣɽ岻࣬󲿷λã֮УһЩĳǳأҲ졣
Ƭ½ķΧСţֻн߳ɵӣɢ֮ȴأʹ½ͬеλá
Ǿڵ磬ħޣ
ŵĸħʹߵĵͺȴ⾵ӻ³֮ĵ棬ͨһλãǽԭǣγѹơ
ûţںϣֱ˴ˣĺ棬ǵعڣȥΪӢۣ˿ҲΪţޣΪ
ֻĻ·һǧʿΪѪһܶȥ룬ҲҪЩˣ밲ȫ֮󣬷뿪
ҪأȥɱսϹ֣׵ţ潻ĵڶ
Хǰм䣬ױڵֻ֣¶Ŀ˫Լһͷѩİ׷ٶ죬תۼ䣬;ǵ棬ɡ
ʱͻȻ˫һĸܵĹƼΪϤȴ˼ϢȻֱ֣Լ
ģƿܣɫЫӣĺХ
ɫЫӣһޣףָоԼţ꣡
ȻţЫӣڲ֪ǰûбѹǰʶ
˵ǣ޵У
ĿһȻһ٣ţӰڣʧֻʣ֡
û˿ԥ̧ŲδٴֱϷأǸı䷽ֱࡣһȥ䣬ͬףɲʧ֮ʱǰһɫЫӣֱֶ
Ыδٽβһ˦ȴһ֮ӰȻЫβޣɲǳ֣¶⣬˫̧𣬶Ыβ޸һۣһѿסǰء
˺죡䱩սٳڵΪڵ֮ںһγһȻڵͨķ
˫Ȼһ˺غ¡¡ľ죬һ޴ѷǰǰЫٵķȻ˺
ѷת۾޾СɲٽǳЫβЫβȻһһֱӱڴͬʱǾ޴ѷɨǰɫЫֱӺХֱر㣬֮춯ء
ȴ⼫žҵĲУλãȻһԼľ޴صѷ죬Ȼ֣
ѷֵɲǣһɢһ˻Уɢ
ϥڵϵĸħʹߣһɫʱ԰ףѪ
һʽ˺죬ɱһħЫ꣬ɫǴ͵תȴٶͬСЫӣ棬Ȼٽ
֪ڵΪʩչ߲֮ǹܲȫʢʱڵ߲ǿԺ𼸸̫ǿ󣡡ٵЫӣ¶ս⡣
ǰһȥŲµɲǣصȻ޷ĽŲһ㣬Ȼ̧һ֮䣬ԼٶȣֱӾʩչ߲֮ǹ
ʩٶȣû֮ǰδ϶٣ʵϣȴǱ֮ѰʿҪֹ
߲֮âأȻ䣬ǰ۳һ߲ʳǹⳤǹһ֣ȻһɻصϢϢΪȣʱԱ
ⳤǹϣ߲ʹâ˲ı䣬ȴ߲֮УȻһֺɫ
ȺУûкڣ
˿̣߲ʳǹȴǳΪĺɫɷ⣬߲ʳǹΨΪһĳ̶ȣſԽȫӳγ߲ʵһ䣡
̧֣һץס߲ʵһ󣬳Ϊ˺ɫĳǹץסǹɲǣⳤǹȻһȴϺڹĿɲٴα仯γ˰ɫ
⣬߲ʵڶ䣡
¶ɱŴǹǰ͵һ˦һغ䣬߲ʵڶγ˰ɫĳǹХֱǰٵЫеһ
ɫǹХǰУȴϵɫȻٴθı䣬ӰɫȻ˻ɫ
⣬߲ʵ䣡Ҳǵȫʢʱڵ߲ܷӳһʽͨǿ仯
߲䣬ɻƣɲٽһЫӣЫɫ˻߲ʳǹȻһ
Ȼزϵ𶯼䣬ȴǱĵطγһɷ籩ֱ棬ʹϷԭĵ棬γһԲǧľ޴̮ǳ֮УӲݣֱնȥ
ϧֻΪҲǰҵǰţϢţĴڣĻ˿սٳڣŵԴɺ۳ŸԴ߲һǹһʩչ̳־ŰѳǹһԣĽЫӣȫ𣡡ְҡͷϾǿȴ
ʣЫӣÿһҵͨԱ֪ǵжϣǷҪȥ


1877 ҹ䣡
ִ⣬ȻתǰɫЫӣɫ͸ȴһɿ־壬˿̾ȻǰУѸٺˣҪصϡ
ֵǿĸħʹߵϣôҲû뵽ֻţϿɺ󣬾ȻܱǿʵΪĨɱսڣ޵Ľӽ˿սٺڣ
½ڶ磬ţ߲ʵҲãսϹҲգҵĶֺ֡Ǹп
½ضѵķĿ¶ᶨЫӼٺˣ¶Цǰһȥֱǰ׷
ЫӵĿ죬ֵ׷ȴǸ죬һ֮£һ˾룬̧˫¶֮â
ӡ仰Ȼǰһָ
һָ֮£ԭϵգ̷ɫ䣬ȴյƲȻɢâҲȫһ޴ӡԭһСȸ޷͸
ӡûŴطĺХٶȥڸ⣬ȡգͬһſ֣һ㣬١
³һ֮ʱȻûпӡĺȣһƣ죡
ǣ⿴ƺѰӵָƵӡ³УͻȻϸܵķƤȻ˺ҿͬԭһӡɴ˿ﵽ˴ٽ磬ʶǷӡ޷ڣȻһ
֮󣬳еǾ޴ӡС࣬ȷʵȻ䣡
ӡָͷָǶһָͨ죬мָףĿģָɫȫָͬƣǺɫǶһָʺ죬Ϊ˼ΪԵĶԱȣ
ӡͬǵħĽڣǶĵָħָ
ԭϣ˿ʣһǧħʿһɫ¶Ȼ־壬գӾҵĲһɾڷ
սٳڵŮޣͬһڿӡɲǣԥʩչǿķͨóǿķ
˿̵ǣʱȥˣΨһͷֲһУԼİȫ
ŵɫͣǾ޴ӡ¶޷ţ
ħӡǵħӡǿ˵ָĵħӡҵħڵ֮ͨأ
ֻգѰ֮ˣͲѧ˵⴫ȥˣ֡ôӡ
ߣ˿Ҳ¶𺳣˼̴һ˦ȫʱһƬ黯֮У˫ּϵʩչͨ
˵ʱʱ죬ӡ任֮˲Ȼ£ֱأµɲǣԭĴأȻһǧħʿû˿ķ֮ӡУһ

һɱǧˣֲֿʩչ֣Ҳһ㶡
һлûнսٳڵŮӣʩչȫͨ뷨ӡУѪɫήң˵ûȴˣֻʣһԪ֧֮ţȴû֧ŶãǶ˵ֻ̱Ԫ
ŵճϣͬһ֮£Ѫɫ˲԰ף·ǵϥĸħʹߣӡɲǣһѪϷɫľӴڣȴ˲أ
µĴڣħЫȴ޷ܣӡڴأγһɼΪֲ֮أʹЫӣ˻Уֵǰı壬Ȼ
ӡ¶⣬һ֮£ֱϷһȥ֮죬ת۾ٽرʹǼԭĴأ̷
ۿҪʱЫѪħʹߣճ˿־塣
˼ͬʱͺΪħʹߣͨ˿־г˫ְڴ⣬ǰͷ­ݺݵ£һͷ˴ء
Ķͬһݣ
һݣȴϷɫľӣ˼ĺХֱڴأصһ˲䣬Ǿ޵ӣɲԭ
ħЫ꣬ѹˣ
ͬʱڣһػȴǾغԭȻһ䣬ǲԭʧǴظǻ󣬾ܲԭһɽͣȫʧ
оȻΪħ޵أ
˵ǻҲãʵҲգһ̣⼫ԭԿɴţʧħϣ˵ûʧħ⼫ԭϣǾӵĴڣһ½ͶӰ
ͶӰѹ
ŵߣټӡǿŮԪ񣬴˿ȫһе³ϣʩչȫΪĸħʹߣѹ
ףһ޷ѹǻţϿɵ֣ôȴǵģǿֲһĻ
ţ޵ţʹߣǻõķͬǿԻ۷ȴֻʱ֪ܲʱǶãֻ̫ҪѹʱȹָΪͿɱһħʹ߼˻
˻£ŵڵ˺ӵ޵ɢΪѹ
غ죬ÿһξеĲɫ԰һЩ
ȴ֣صףϷϵغҪħͶӰѹȥ
ٽɡڵڣ˫һӼ䣬ƻûʹⱻħͶӰѹ֮ϵգһ޴Ļɡ
ɡһ˲𺣺Ȼ£ҪͶӰطһǻУսٳڵŮԪ񣬶ʱĲҽУȴҧţ໥֣Զ֮ǿĵֿţ
ٽɡδ߲ʳǹӡһֱ仯֮ǰΪʩչһֻҪϲ٣ȴǱ߲ʳǹӡһЩ
ǿʵϣǷҲֻѧƤëڵΪҲ޷˵ûǿѾǼˡİ
ôҪԴͨ˫Ŀ¶֮⣬֮£̧ȻϷһӡ
ǰĴضʱģһƬŭĴȡһĻħʹУҲͬˣǺˮյĻɡȻɢһƬڰȡ
ڰ͸޾ĺ䣬󺮷Хŵڵû
ǺڰĶͻȻ֮һɫϸȻһֳĽ¶ڸ̺һŨ̫֮
˺һкڰ԰صһкҹʱֻ¶Դ֮ʱҲżȻѣ£ȴǿ⽾ڣ˾˵һĻ
һĻ


1878 
ǺڰеĽɢ̫֮ǿ˺ҹУ̺һ˿˵ϢϢ֣Դ
֣Ҳ޷壬ϢʲôֻЩоϢҹ֮ĸ̫֮ĸԴڣ˵ֵ
˺ҹǴƽһ֮⣡
ѺҹѹϵĲѺҹصĹ˵ϵı仯Ѻҹǽϵɽ
ô˺ҹ뷴
֮֮ˣܴͨһͲ˼Ҳܴͨ
ף£ڿҹǹϢһ˲䣬ˣԼΪʲôԴҹ
ΪĽĲᣬԸĽΪĽҪȥ˺סĺҹΪĽҪȥҹҲڲסۣ
⣬ǲҹ
֣ΪĽ񣬴ͨͨĴֱڣĽû˿ĹֵУĵģһУ׷ִţ䴴ĵһͨУı˳
ǽڵϢУϡ뵽
˶޶ض춷ǿնﶷһУǺҹһֻһ£
˺һڸ۵ĺҹȥѰǺҹĹ
⣬ǲҹ
֮ǰףԼҲʣ£İУڵΪʩչҹ֮ȴһЩ
ԴĵһҲΨһһ̺Լһִŵ꣬ںһγɵĳ˵ͨ
ͨѾ壬һȫںˣֲ֪ͨýʲô֣ŵڵˣȴ֪
رûԶĺڰг˽һɲǣŵڵˣĿȫǺڰΨһĹâ۹ȥ
ڿ⽾ǽƴһ˵Ϣ˲䣬ŵڵɫȻ䣬һ¶ôҲ޷ȥ֮ɫ⽾ĳ֣ǹϢĳ֣ԺͬȻը
ǡϢǡŵ˲԰ףû˿Ѫɫɫ¶Ȼ
ߣǽڵǹɺܵܵȴǿڣǽһϢ˺¶Ŀ־𺳣𺳣˵ţһҹ֮ȫʿ޷ȵùڡ
ⲻܡǲܵġĪת
⣬սٳڵŮޣǶϢֻǸоЩľȴûŵڶһʧ̬ǲ˽⣬Ϣʲô
ǲ˽⣬ĸħʹߣȴڿǽɲǣ˵ɫ䣬Ϊѿ¶־ļ֮ɫ
˷ͨΨдſʩչģ
ǽ̺һĳ̶ȺγһͨУǿһ֣֮ӵе
ΨоŸſգУûдУܴУÿһǴԴ
˵˭ôܻʩչܻ࣬ȴĵȷȷڣ
ڵ֮޷ݣһͨҪľȴԴ־ǱľִԿ⾳ձ仯
־ȫͬعһΨе־ǿ㹻ĳ̶ȣɳΪһһִţͷ
𣬶ǼԼŷԼһУԼһɵִű֡
⾳Դ
⾳˼ޣԵӦĸԴⱾԴ˼£ԻԴ̺־ɱΪ񣡣
֮ν֮ΪΪ־ĴڣȡһУҲǼٴαãﵽԲԲǵ

ֲͬͨӦı⾳ɱ䣬Ӧ⾳ӦԴǶӦ
ֻһΣֻоŸԴﵽߣڽ
ҹִ棬̺˺ҹһ
Ϊʲô÷ʵʻΪǿУ
УǴһͨĸ
Ǵڣ˫ۣȴԿһУΪ˿̵ƴǽУƻΪǹϢ·ˮڣǱˣǺȻ顣
ţҹһ֡
ţ赲ǰеһ֡
ţ֮ʱǻҹһͬɢ
ţҹ󣬻ѰǧĹ
ţǹһڣһţ
ҵͷѲǺɫҹ˺ɫͷȴ˹
ҵ˫ۣѲǺɫ̺˻ףĽơҹҺɫ۾ǻ𣬻ὫպҹףὫҫҹǽƣὫƹҪҵ˫ۣȥ
ૣҹͨĴڻħʹߡŵڡ߻ŮԪУͬĵ˿̣ȴֵ
֣˫ۣ˫ĿһɲǣǺ澡ͷĽų˴ĿĹâǹâ޾ɢֵ̺ɢڰѰҹ
˺ҹĽһ֮Ĳ
һ
յĺɫһ˲䣬ɢǺˮһɲǣȻʧˡսٳڵŮԪû˿ҽУǴ΢ЦǱֵȾǹâ˺˺ҹУ˽ѣѰҵǵĹЦ
ߣһ֮У˺Ѫ⣬ɫһͬʧԪһǺҹɢȥ˻
ľôȥΪսڴ𣬾˶ķħޣⱾȻģ
£ά˲ã¶΢Ц˫ۣɢˡ
ŵڣΪ֮Ҫ߳ôһ˿˿Ԫ񷢳ĲҽУˣ³һԪڵ壬ǰɢ͵ĹâΪƬ̺Ȼ鿪
ŵ¶һûκηȫƾһ˿ֵĲҹ£Ԫ񽥽ɢȴûл𣬶һ𣬻һĿĹâֱȥУʧȥʶȴ£ǿߡ
ѵصĸħʹûħȻħ޵ͶӰ߽⣡
زһлָԭǼԭĸħʹ߸Ѫӵˣ˺һɲǣźɫ׵֣߳˴أ
׷ƮһɿֲϢȫ
¹µԸߡ


1879 ɢ
ĸħʹߣ˿ɫ͸־壬ڰպ໥ۣû˿ԥȻ˲ϢĸӶݿ
ɢȥУ˸ʩչͬͨȴУó˷ֱһɫֽףһѰɫķ
̤ڷϣչȫ٣۶ȥħʹߣһҧѪɢĿâѪںϺ˲
һħʹߣ˫УȻתתۻһӵ쫷磬ԼٶȣԶХݡ
˷вͬٶȴ֮ͬ죬ִص߳˲䣬˾ȻӰ
ߣţҪҪĸɡ˿̧ͷ˫ۺһȥŲŶȻһ̤ȥ
²ƻӰ˲ʧ
֮ʱǻΪ쫷ħʹǰһΣ¶ӵɲǣ̧͵֮ƣȻһ
һ֮£غֵƺȻȡɢĿ磬һ޴򣬸ıԵдϸ˿Ŀġ
ԼٶȣֱӾǻΪ쫷ħʹһ
ػ쫷˲޾绯쫷ͬʱһ־ħʹϡ
žž֮ϴħʹѪĲҽУӱȫ֣Ŵؼٰȥ
һĻԶԶһǾˣһ㣬סħʹߣ˲Ϣ䣬İ˴ϣӡ
ʩչɲǣͻȻ΢ɲһȫϢ˼ٵļЩףʱ䣬Ҫı֡
ӡħʹߣʱҲ޷ԿսٳΪͷųԴƱԴں϶ɵķӡûаԥٴһȥ
һ£˲Ϣʧ
ԭϥֽϣɫ԰ףɫļ֮һħʹߣ˿չȫ٣Ӷݡ
ȥŵһĻʵ̫ˣΪִ氲ŵɱ֡
ǳ⣬ӵţֻأû̫־壬Ͼ˽һЩţϿɣĻʱƵġ
ʩչ˲䣬ȴȻףˣ򵥣
𷽿ʩչȻҲʩչ¹ش󣬱Ҫӳ棡
ɾͷ˲䣬˫ͫȻһȴǰղһźɫ׵һ
°ɣ˫Ŀ¶⣬ڳֵ˲䣬̧ȫ˵ԴȻģϸߣѸ۳תںһ𣬻һȭͷСС
Ϊ˿սٳںǿΪǿǱԴۣħʹȻһ˦
˵ԴںγɵСϢֱħʹߡ
ֽϵħʹɫ䣬˫հȥ
ħ壡͸޾Ŀֲ仰ﴫУȴȫâȫУǱԴСֱһ顣
䣬ǰһΣѪ˸ȴѪû˿̿սٳڵΪ֮Ѫ磬Ȼһն
֮صħʹȫ̹üϣһѪߣֱӷֳ룬ͬԪ
ѪвϵزһնͬʱħʹڵĲѪ˼ĽХ
ɱܶˣԴкɱģΪ֮ˣ
ħʹ˲䣬ֵ⣬̻ûţ꣬˷ܣɱħʹߣţ˵Ǽϲ֮¡
ţֵͬʱ˻͵ħʹһʱһЫӵӣбţһ¡
һ㶣ȴûаͣ٣̧Ųɲʧ
ѪѪ֮ߵħʹߣӶУϵٴѪһٶԽԽ죬һӰת۱㲻ټ
ӳֵͬʱֻǿһл֮˸ɲǾʹǰʧתͷȥʱԷȻһ̵㣬Զģ
ĿսϢҲԽӵĲҪļҪص֮С
Ŀһǵħʹߵķ̧Ｑһָ

һͺֿдһָ֮£ͻȻһһ˲һУǴ˿̾ȻԶӶݵĵħʹߡ
һȻͣԭء
ͣٵһ˲Ѫ˸ȴѪ۶һħʹȫֵţ꣬ʬɢһ
ӡһˣɱˣϵϢٵ䣬ΪĴεӣϷһħʹӶݵĵطĬϢ˼׷ɱתֱǱӡĵһħʹ
Ƭ̺Ƿӡһħʹߵĵطţ˷ܵ˻ħʹɢ˵ƼĲƷ
Ѫɱ¾սڵħʹߺѪŨĿԿǽϣֳ˼ϵķġ
Ƿģʿڹ壡
վڴϣһͷ׷ƮΪٴε䣬Ϊ˿ڵӣɫ¶ƣŲһ̤أֱصĵعȥ
һ·ۣΪһε䣬Ϊ˿ڣ뵽عһɲǣΪȫָǿڵӡ
ţϺڻһ㣬֮ʱɫϸ˿ȫҲϣΪһɫţͼڡ
ͼһһʹô˿̵ֿһɹĸо
̤عɲǣŲһ̸ֳһŨŨ֮УʧȥΪΪ˷һ
һǧʿˣȫĿ¶֮ɫǿعⷢ飬ֻｹĵȴ
սϹֲ֣֪ûзɱʶûᡣ
սٳڴ
⣬ԭħʿȫ𣡡ֻ˵仰ɫ԰ףһΣص䶴ٳ˾ԽƷ˶ϥڣһѪ
ûǶ⣬仰ɳΪһʿЩʿһĬڶĿ⣬¶η𺳡
ţǿ󡭡
ǻô
ûлȻһĬͷɢˡˣҲǳĬУӵĿֵĶԻص˹ڣʼ˱չˣϾ֮ǰսУҲһơ
ʱһΣ죡


1880 ֮ƣ
УعһƬҲžУ֪ıֱտڡİ£ҲС߳عǴϣż츲ر仯ļԭһĿɿڴ
ֱչǰ仰ǿ仯޴ȫѷ֮ˣоһ¡
һĻĻ޲˵ֵ仰û˿١
ڼԭƳţʿ⣬û˰ħ֮ˣֵĻǸ˵
Ҳ˴أܣ¶ļɵΪԿһЩûвĵطȥ⼫ԭĴأһ޴ӡ
ֻӡ֮ڣʶԡ
ǰﾭһΪҵɱ¾Ĭ
վԱߣӵĿܡ
ϣպضһɳ죬ò˶꣬Ҷ˿Ҫһݡ³̾
ֹ֮˴£һɱȻ˽һˣһУҲʿɢǼԭľͷȥҪǷħ֮˴ڡ
գû˿֡
һжֱչǰ仰˵ħʿӳļˣȫˡ
ţ޵սɻȼգֻ⼫ԭϣȴǳ˺ƽûµӴһڴ˱㲻ȥֻǵعڣػţѨ
Ӿܿһʿԭϣһķ󣬾ͱ˼ԽԽʿӵعڷɳԭѰħʿķƷ
ֻо󲿷ֵ֣ͨ»𣬼ǻҲǷɻôֻҾǷҲһļֵ
ʿ˵Ȥûɱ¾ûΪһͬս˴֮伴İҲϤĸо
գȴڻص˵عڣȻʧÿһ֮ˣ᲻ԼͬıֳĬʱԾηĿ⿴පУһѰĶֱչڡ
ЩʿڣȫڵعĬ³ֵıչһ
һս仰ʿη塣
ʱڲ֪Уٴһ££¡
µʱ䣬ԭعڵʿһ飬û˿ֵıչأڼû߳һ
ֱºĳһ죬عڴϣʿЦ̸˴һС͵ķУױ˴⼫ԭķԼԵƷʱͻȻշɫ䣬¡¡ľԶƴ
ͻȻֵһĻʱʿһɫ䣬վӣɫһɨµɣǱļΪء
ƾ죬ǴӼԭǴӸԶĵط֪˶ٷΧʱʹ谵
Ǻת۾ʹݵ˵Ͽգ͸һɿȴԸܳѪɷϺХŸԶĵطϵɢ
ϵʿһǲ֪ʲô飬Ϊλⲻɢĺģ䣬֮һЩˣ˿ɫ䣬ɢУ·һţѪ˻
⴫صĺţ˻֮Իɢ·ΪţʹӶɡ
ֻģһĻʿֻвʮˣУҲ׷׸ԳĬ
ɨʱԭڣعдڵıȲδʿһ͵Ĵ붨˫ۣɫ仯Ӷɳֱأգһ
ˣҲ׷ɫ仯ӹڷɳһֱչصĶ⼸ȥ˵档
һعڣֻʣһˣϥڶУһڵƣ⼫ԭսУһδεѹ£ƽչˡ
µʱ䣬ڲϵϤͬʱҲΪõһЩ
Щ򣬶˵ǼΪļ䣬ҪסΪһ֣ĻպΪĪĺô
ͬʱڣֻоԼĲҹ֮ϧǣûдϻҹ
ԭغһ˲䣬ֳµıչأȻѣһľʹֱȫɲǼͳһ亹
Ҳϣţͼڣȼһ㣬ȵĸоͬʱһ˵ıŭ
ɱˣţ꣡
һ˵ϵƺ˫ۿ򶴸ϿյɲǣǰһƬģϡ䣬ƵĺУ·𿴵һЩ档
ǻڣţ޵ĳһ಻ɽɽϣǧţʿµķսУǧʿһһֻʣ²٣УһˣڵףɢϤţϢ
ȻһǱţϿɵģţѨĳһѨߡ
ֿŴˣһδεɱУһͻȻֵĳɫ֣˾ŴΣ˵ʹô
ǳɫĴһΣһ췢ߣһվڰգ֮ͬܵ·ħʿĤݣ
УܲϢƾɱ˴ŻţʿһĻ˵Ϊ죡
ǴŻʿƬɽȫγʯʹ޾ΧȫһƬӡ
ͬʱţѨһһ󣬱˴һγɵαϣ̱һȱڣ
ǰһѹĬƬ̣֪ԼһĻӦÿΨӵţ֮ˣſĲ
ţѨһ
ֱʱǾҵɢˣȥԶ
ⳡͻȻı仯ʹüԭʿо˲׷˸ֲ²⣬һԤʾһ£Ҫ
ڽУԭʿ֮ǰɣԽӵĳĬΪǰغУֳΣ
κ˻ʹеѹԽӵı
ֱºĵ죬һӼԭ󷽵ţ޴½ںХٵĽӽ˼ԭع֮Ϻ󣬻һǱĺߡ
߲Ǵ֮ˣԹһڣ
ԭţѨҷһڡŻһ뿪˵أ˰ȥɽϣͬ𣬽ߣ
ţѨӵߣϷŷ棬Ҫվգɫ¶ȴϾӵлߣֵù
䱧ȭһݵɲǣع˫ĿȻһ֮ʧӰ֮ʱȻվ˰գߵĶ档
ֵһɲǣһ㶣Ȼû뵽ĻӵߣȻΪҲСϾ˵ؼȻס˵˱й֮
ţһѨڶѨѨħ޻λӵߣ䡭ŷ˸֪ѨӵߣԴȥһڣִо֮ƣ


1881 ͽ
ɫƽţһѨȫˣ⼸УѨһ£Ȼ˸Ӧ
֮ƣüͷһ塣
ֻǴ֪壬ԴǰһڣϷ֮ˣĸֱǰ˲ͬţѨŷһץ̱һöûһ˦
ʹδԼ󷨾ڵλü¼ץʱ䣬иǣŷɫ˽ǣȭһݣתХߡ
ŷȥҴңϣָܵţʿⳡսеĽ֮УĬ˰죬ֵͷ
˸ֵȿսʿ⼸֣һͬĬ
ãתˣһȭ
λѣۣ֮գԵţУǻйͬս֮
ǣĿɨû˿ɣתյľͷһȥ²ƻصӰȻʧ
ߵļΪѣͲţޣҲãȥҲգһ󣬻Ͳкۼ
ˣȥķֱһɫӣµദһĻĻ飬Ǻǣ˼УΪĳ
ȥĵڶ죬ţѨڵʿ˵Ĵ£ȫ߳˵ع뿪⼫ԭţŷ˵λãһǧ磬ؼ仮
ţѨķأˣĻˡ
һڣţǿ֮һݾʮУܲǿҲԲ
һڣռţϼһɽ͵İɽϣ޽ϵ¥һƬϡƣһ˵ʡ
һڵӣԿһ㻷Σһ㻷һ𣬿ͬһ޴һ޾Χ
һһڵŵӣҲǼ࣬Ĵɣǿ߲١
ڹһڶ֮⣬˿һƬ󷨹âգѴҲڣͻȻı仯˹һڵĸ߶ӣʮХֱۣڡ
󷨹âڣһƬŤУһ°׷֣¶ӰҲֻӰѣûϸòûӸո¶һɲǣԹһڵʮȻٽְΧ
ºˣó·򣡡һɱȻ˵ߣһڵӣ˴еۣڵ֣¶⡣
ܵʮʿȫǴŹһڵеۣ׷ɫأȴֵ·սʱڣһò·̻ᾡȫɱ
ֱֵӰȫܹһʿҲţͼڵһɲǣЩʿһȻɫһ䣬˺
ĸֵܵϣɢһһţϢϢ죬Ҳϸܹ
ҵȰݼţʹߣ֪ʹߴһѨںźɣ֮ǰӣ˿ɫΪæȭߵˣҲ׷ױȭһݡ
ɹػţѨţʹߣзĵ𾴣ǿȥֵΪߣŷ뷨һħ޵ĽסţѨȻй֮
ţ֣ţѨԭһȭ
ʹߴ룡ʹ٣һĴ̧һ
ֵͷԶĴţǵһʵڶڣǷɽͨڣܵ˹һڵĴڡ
һЩѡ
߳󷨣ڹһʿ£Źһڷȥ
ɻû˷ɳԶͻȻǴٴɢĿĹââֱʣư˷
ͻȻı仯ʱЩʿע⣬׷׽Ųһ٣תȥӸɫٴ󷨣һƬء
ȴУһŮӵӰûŮӿòȴǼΪ֮ɻȻĶ
ʱŮӵӰȫ¶һɫŮޣͲòһ˵ʹôŮһ
ϣҲλãͬһţͼڣͼڵĳ֣ûмٴŮһصĸо
ţƼѣţѨɽŮڣĿǰһɨֵͣһЩɫ
ڿŮӵһ˲䣬˫ĿȻһϸĿ˶ԷۣϡоŮòЩϤһʱȴЩ벻
עӣƼüͷ΢΢һ壬ƽĿһۡ
λѲ֪һѨһ㣬Ƕ
ţѨֻڣĿɻڶԷϴ˼ԷòϤԺδ
ȷǣŮӲǶת֮ˡ
Ŀ⣬ŮӵУȴŮüͷٴ𣬿ֵɫУ¶һ˿
λѣĪƼѲɡĿ֣ڡ
ֻǸоЩϤֳУԾŵĴЩãǸһЦҡͷջĿ⡣
ֵĻƼĸƵ䣬һ˺ܶ࣬˿Ȼֿǵͽһ֮ˣûпڣһΣһâһڡ
ӣӹŹֵɫУŹһڷȥ
ܿ˾ͺХ뵽˹һڣӵ·£̤һڴĴȥ
ǰϹ˸ƼƲǵһһڣϤӣֱĴ
ʱֵǰһӴĹ㳡ǹ㳡һ޴ӣɢѹ
£˿ϥʿһһ׷ԲԵߣɫϥб˫ۣ֮²ŲʡҲϣһţͼڣһһɢŨţϢ
һˣһ꣬һı飬ϸ˫Ŀڣһ˿⣬⣬һĿھ¶󣬶Ʊһ˰㡣
Ҳϣͬһţͼ˸
Ƽѵһ֮ʱ˫ɨһۣ⣬ţͻȻһϵıȻ¶֮ɫȻ͵վֱĶƼѡ
˵ǶƼѵǱʿָһ°׷Ʈҡ֣
֣Ҳ
˾ҵı仯Ƽһ㶣ʶԷ֪Էһڵݣţ޵ҲȺУԷȻصӰȴδϣ顣
һºƼʶĻͷӰ


1882 
֣һɨ飬˵ϢȻһ䣬ΪǿΪЦ
һֱǰһȥɲٽ
˲ϢǰͬʱֳɵȻ̧ȴһƬĿĽȻϱǽҫ£һѽ𵶣ӭһն
һӵп֮ʹɫ䣬ձҪһһУ˷ٵ۶һ֮һ
ͻȻһĻǰָļʿڣһɫ䣬˼ٵĺˣٶԶߡ
Ƽ˫Ŀͫһֳɵ̧նµӰӰǰȻصӰӣѸص
ţһҵֿסƼΪûдﵽս٣ֻٵڰ˴ζѣһȹھŴ٣Ϳ̤սٳڣ
ϥµߣҲȻ˫ۣȥΪɲ⣬ɢϢʾΪȻﵽ˿սڵӣ뵱߲𣬼ΪƣȻΪȻǿսڵ۷壡
ɫ糣𵶺ХǰʮɵɲǣĿںȻ⣬ڽµ˫ĿȻ̧ǰһָ
һָ֮£غȻһ٣һļѹأ˹仯ӿǽɵնµֵԼһж
ɽһĽնһɲǣһָƣڶԷס˲䣬ɫƽŽŲһ߹̤㳡¡
һĻƼѵĿУ𶯣͵ת֣Ŀ¶֮â
ǿսڵߣüͷͷ˼ɨһۡ
ʱ䣬ֻһ˲ѣƬ̺ͻָжЦȫɢתӵ֣¶ϵЦݡ
겻ûĳʧɻĶ֡
꣬ǹһڣݷ⣡
ܲܰصӭӷʽԺһġüͷݷ⡣
ݷһΣ˹㳡ԣһЦ֣ȷǿģڶһĻĻǵˣҲѣУݷÿÿҲꡣ
Ͼһ궴ļ䣬˵ռеһ󲿷֡
֣һصź̷ŵѰ㣬ϧʼûҵû뵽㾹ȻַʽͻȻĳ˹һڣĳϲ֮£һʱȻҪһսݷ˵ţ֣쿪˫ۣɫϡ
һ٣ݷ⣬Ĭ˰죬ͬ߳ݷһ
ݷɫΪϲ֣ҪһԼ̸ȥ
ʱͻȻһϵ㳡ǰĴڣ촫
Ѿˡ
ݷŲֶͣһۣɫ࣬վ
˵֮ˣҹһڵսٺڡ
ֵ񣬴ݷɫһſĴ
ˣϵٴδ
ţƼѣƼɫأ˵
ɢޣƣվӣŴһȭ
ţֻ֣ڣĿһɨǴڴ֮ʱȻһεĽ֣׵ķӡһ˵ص޷аš
ľģر仯Ҳɽƴңʹ޷ܶƣǵͷţһΪ
ţѨȥţϿɵʹˣס˸ţѨΪ󹦣
飬йߣԵʹͣϵ͸һɲɣζȻǴ̫õϹȻµš
ƣ
ڣбƵߣǰһ
ػѨйΪһڽϵϣһϵϵУһǴڼٷɳɢһɵ֮ɱһƬֹ㳡
ǽڱǰͣ٣һ׽ɫףµѹɢűȥǱɫƽһ˿
лǴȭһݣµ˲䣬ǽ̻ɫϸߣڣʧ
Ƽѣϵٴδ
ػѨйţɽţµӣʣһˮϵ
һӴڼٷɳȻһƬصĺˮɨȥƼѵ⣬Ȼ˳ȫëȥƼһе˲
лǰǷͷڡ
ݷ⣡
ݷɫһǰһһݡ
ػѨйѾ˱ľϵҴ㱾ִ֮ͨһ㱾̣ǻﴫ䣬ȴХӴڼٷɳһΪһһѺɫذ̣ذ̺ǹ죬ֻذ״Сȴ׶һ㣬оỴ̈ɢֲϢ
лݷɫ¶ӹƷŴٴһݡ
֣ϵһ֮󣬻
ɫƽǴǰһ
ػѨйҴϵڻһȴһƬ𺣺Хڰȼգһ߻ףֱֶ
ʹѾɣҪǰһܵ񣡡ƶݷһ㶣ſҪ˵ЩʲôһǴȴǳĬˡ
˵ϴΣΩֻ֣һ
ݷɻƼ߱ƣҲĿһɨȻһ㡣
ΪԸԼ޹֮£ᣬһۺջĿ⣬Ųʡ
ƼѶӡ󲻺ã˿ҲȻȥᡣ
ǵǡصɻû˵꣬ȴкһ
ţֶǴ̧Ų߳ǹһĻ
һݷɫ̴䣬ִɫƼѣĿһ֣Ȼû뵽־ʱ˳ڡ
ǱƣҲת֡
ǵȥħޣǱħڣȥħشħ֮꣬ˣΪţޣ˾ͣϵͲֵĻɻĿڣܵ˵˳
ⷬһǱɫ˱仯ƼҲˣݷ⣬ȻҲǵһɫһ䡣
ħޣ̫Σգ΢ԶҲ޷ˡ
ħޣȻտ˲٣ħ޵ļ棬Իǣơôڣ֣ʲôҪ˵ɻؼ䣬еڶֲ


1883 ţޣ
Ϊ˻ʹͣĳֻһ߻û˿񲢷ǶһˣǴŵĳϡ
һ̣ǹһڵҲһȥʡ
ΪͣһԣǱ󣬾ʹͣԲҪܣ㲻ϲлϷ㽫ߡϵУƯڰյĻף̺Ȼɢ»һƬ𺣣ֱ
Ľƾ֤Ǵ˵
ֻ£Ǵ̷ɳһĹ⣬Ĺڣһɫͷڷɳͷ̱һӰ
Ӱţ棡
ʹ֮£ΪɣϷ򲻻ȥı䣬ز٣ԴΪƾУ
ֶǻûţ棬֪ⲻţķһʶӡ
ƾ֤Ѿ㣬£ڴһĮ
ɫ¶˿ǴһĽô˲֮£ִɲڿţԼ
ĬУûпڣƽվ֮ǰδûжǱһߵĻаʹ
Ϸʩչͨҹһ겻󣬽ħޣ֮ǰһ꣬ƾǵ꣬Ϸʱ󣬽ǴħŲƻ
һʳڣ˫ͫ΢ɲһ飬ôǿԱŲƻͬڣûɣʱڶԷС
ݷΪһڵӣȻûаԥ̧üһģһ֮£һƻɢһֱǴȥ
߱ƣһԥͬûоܾһ꣬
ƼѣĬ˰죬һҧΪŵķչԸһУ˵±ӦˣĻҲ޷һڴħŲƻ
ȫͳ󣬱ֻʣ֡
ֳĬ֮Ǵڡ
Ҿܾ£Ҫشǣ˵ţ˺󣬾Ҫ뿪㳡
߿ԣѻ£ǴϵȻȴһֻɵĺɫ֣Ȼûڸգһץ
¶⣬һɲͷתֳ˼ı仯һʱ֮ѷ浽׷ʲô顣
ţ̬ȵĸı䣬һͻȻĵѣ棬һʲôֲ֪飬
ָоԼ˻¾뿪һڣʱû˻ΪĴἫΪΣա
ָоΪǿңʵǻֲҪռΪУԭĴ㣬ţ»ţޣȥ
Ͼˣţޡ
ı仯ȴŨŨľ裬֪Լڼԭ꣬ţڣʲôıʣ
δ֪£ɻȡߣڣһ˿Ա֮ڣԨ֮У
´źȻʼԷԲҳԣȦףҲĬϣɻǻһ˵Ҳòӣ
ף֮£ң
⣡һ֪ҵݣ֪Զ磬֪޵Ĵڣɻˡ벻ף˿Ҳݲ룬δ֪Ľ벻һУԥѡ˺ߣ
ǴٵɲǣǱơƼݷ˵ĴУҲţͼڣͻȻɢ޾ڹ⣬Ǻڹ˲ȫɫϸ˿ȫγһڵİ׵ףΨһͷ׷޷Զ
ֵΪڴ׵һɲǣȻӿڣֱ˿սٳڣȻ̧ӡ죬Ǿ޴ָħӡץľ޴ֱ֣ӶԿһ
죬һɲڹһڹ㳡ϾָħӡȻץĺɫ֣ͬһ֮Уһ룬ɻвֺХϡ
Ϊĺɫɫʱ԰ףѪӵź󷽼۶ȥ
ѱţޣɢһţʿ˽ԿɽɱɱߣʹͻϵʹʹɽŹ죬ʹţһ
ӵУŴ˻ҧһ˵ãƷԭǾʹ͸Լ
һɫ˾ҵı仯¶֮ɫ˼Ҳţͼڶʱ˸Ĺ⣬ϸ˿ȫƣɲǼγһһһţΪȻӿսͻƣﵽ˿սٺڵӣһ֮䣬ֱ׷ȥ
֮˾ٶΪţ֣
ţ飬ΪһڣǰţѨʱֻ֣߸ڴı仯֮ãиıʱĹЧʿ
ˣҲʲôҪǣԴţ꣬ʹӵţ֮ˣΪĴڣΪԶţݷΧ󣬾޷ٴʹû
ţ½ϣǹ֮أҲͬԴϻӣ͵ţĻ꣡
ţ飬ִδ˵Ļضһ˵ķ֣ӣһƷЩ棬Ϊƣ
߿ţ飬һģδóʹֻͣΪŵɽŴͬʱܳһʹʿʥأ
ʥأΨһʱſ۳ʶóһӵţǹһڣֻǶһӵĴţ
ŵĻɽ󣬸Ǵŵռأ丱֣ԾԶҲʩչ
Ʒ˷񣡹ʶǱƣŻ˫ۣ׷
Ƽһ𣬳ĬϢһҧȫڹɲǸ˻ΪȻֱӴﵽ˿սڵĳ̶ȣһΣֱǰ׷ȥ
Ψݷ⣬Ĭԭأɫû׷ȥƼѳɲǣȴǺȻſڣƼѴһ
Ǹո׷ȥƼѣݷĻȫһ͵Ļͷݷ⡣
¿棡
ݷƼѣ˵ͷ
Ƽɫӣתͷ磬ٴ׷ȥ̬ȴ֮ǰ˷츲صı仯
ֱƼߺݷתǴϥڵϡ
ҪһֵԼ޴ĹϵѾ֪
һĬããһƣ̾Ϣ
ڹһڼ۶ߣɫʶɢܿͲ˲ԾһڣһƬţļӰûһ˹ǹһڵɽŴҲһ̣Ʊرһ


1884 ţ
ּžרΪ˷뿪һͫһ֮ǰ鷢ת̫ͻȻкܶණûף˿ȴҲ룬һ˻Хߡ
չٶȣֱһɽȥһ·߱˫¶֮âսٺڵΪпԽ޾ּ׷ȥ
һǰһһڼۣܿͺ˹һڣɽһ߳ɲǣһɫɳ۶ţǹһɽźȻתָ糣
ڷɳһɽţۼɳǧһǧڣ̫ʺʩչسɴ磬ɽŴתǽϢ
뿪ǷҵķΧ׼ʩչسɴȥɲǣǱȻ׷ɫᣬȻ̧Ȼһ䣬ȴϣȻ߸ҫĹǵ㣬߸ǵ㣬ͬҹ߿ǳУҫ
ɱкһΪɱֺʹ͵رǲ˹һڶֵ̬Щ⣬˿ȴǺ⣬ҪģֻϹһѱĻһ
ȡͷͿȥһڻȡʹͣЩ⣬װִ˹һǴţҲ˵ʲôϾѱȣɱѣΪһɢޣеսڵĳ̶ȣԻţϿɣӵţ֮˿ͷһ˾ϡ
̧ɲǣ߿ǳʱâɣģһɹ֮˷ڣ˲Ϣ䣬߿ǳ˾춯صĺХȻͬһ㣬޾ĻڣȻ
ǺХƿԻգγһ޷ݵǿֽ֮²һҪȥȻ̧ͷĿһɨ
ȴɫգ˿ߵһĺں磬ԼٶȣԼǺâ֮ףԿȭͷСĺɫʯ١
ôԶԿʯȭͷһСǾˣضΪӴ
ĿһɨУȭͷСʯȻһ㣬ڼ󡣿ӣǽܷԲǧڣʹǧһдڣȫΪ档
ͨҲΨǱƽţΪ󣬷
ֽ²ԽԽ࣬ĿһҪسɴȥͨǱȻ֪һͨǿҪס֣Ҳû˿Ŀܡ
ʱȻǱһɫ缲۶ƼѣɫӣԶ֣ټ죬ת۾ҪٽƣӣҪߴһ
ǰƼһ֮ʹֻͣҪлƼغХûȱƻظƼɲǾٽƲɡ
üͷһ壬ȴû˵ЩʲôȴȥĽŲͻȻһ٣ĿУĿƼѼ۶ڱʮɵ˲䣬֮
ʲôҲ쳣˫۾һȻһ˦Ӻ˵ͬʱһɺڷûγɲȴƼѣ˫ĿͫڣһƬ˸̧ǰһָ̾а˵źȻûǱƵܰ˷
ŷ⣡
ǰ˵ɢ޾⣬ֱ֮۶ȥ
ͻȻһĻĿһڼ̵ʱڣͷתȴû˿ԥ뿪һ˻һĹ⣬ֱǱסıƶȥ
ֵԸһˣ˲򲻵ѣҲȥǱˣȻɱȣѰᣬͻ̷
ڿƼʩչ˽ŵɲǣϳΪζԷԼϤŮϵϢоǵ橣Ϊƣ
ϵ֣ȻжϳŮ橣ȻкĹ
һжɲǼ䷢ǱƴֲУĻڽٵ߿ǳȻʧȥ˲ٿأɢĻڣµĸȴɺХӣò˶ãͻڴء
ĿǳĽ䣬һɺɫĻʯĦȼգʹƾ죬ûУвֱأһתصûְ˷
ȥµʯɲǼٽǱ˸ŷסıǰȻ̧ǰݺݵһӡ
ȴغ߲ʳǹûɫȻ仯ΣճΪ߲֮Хֱơ
ţױȵʩٶȣУһģǾ޴ָħӡȻûֱǱƶȥ
ͨشƣִ˿ҧ֮У˫ͬʱٽɲǣһָ
ʱغȴسΪһƬһƬڣԶȻһֽ֮⡣
ҹֵ֮Уڴ˻ڶεʩչ
Ƽѣ˿̼Ȼˣû˿ԥ˫ǰһӣȴⱻҹֵ֮ڣȻһѽɫľ޴ӡ
ǱӺХһƿԱյƣֱƶȥʩٶȲֱȽϣͨһ
ɫ䣬˿̱ǰŷסƼΪóͨԴϻ󣬿ս۷ʩչزƣǱɱһ˿̵ҲҧѪѪһƬѪγѪɫĻ꣬˻ŰźȻײȥ
һűƸһָжʱҪǼ۶߲䳤ǹ㣬˫ִһ˦ʱǰһƴСİɫСܣâһ߲ʳǹһ
¡¡ľ£ѳǹǰɫСܣͬѷ죬ûȴֵָħӡ޾Сջ˲ʮɣСϡ
ɫСܣû˿ĵֱֿ֮ӷ飬ʹӡ˱Ƶǰ
ɫ̲԰ףӵУұ̧𣬺ݺݵһüģ췢һͺ
ͺ£ȻûһţӰͬγƣǲɢָħӡֵͨһħӡ߽ɲǣҹ֮УߵĽȫ̧ͷ˺Ѻҹ
šĴϣֱ˿̲ſǽڴڵĶߣʱ¶޷ŵĺȻٵˡ
˺ͬʱƼѵĽɫӣ뽾ͬԣһ˦֮³鿪˺ҹֱƶɲٽں£˱ǰ
ѪɫΪǱٴεˣ˿ΨһͷҪ˳ͨķΧ
һǽգâһ˺ܷ֮ɢǱٴѪһƬѪ죬˿̵ܵΣ˲䣬һϡ
˼䣬ͻȻŲһ٣˫̧밴üģ΢΢ȥɲǣ͵ǰݺݵһ˦
һ˦˲䣬Ƶ⣬̸ֳһ̧ǰ㣬˫俪յţӰӰ˻𣬾յĽһͷײȥ


1885 Ǿ仰
ţӰһɷֱΪϻ󣬼Ϊǿ˿̣ĶţӰǱϵΪϢӿսٺڣָԭĿսڡ
һͨȻݶ̵ķ˴ŵĻ׳һţ꣬俪زҹ
һת۷ţԼٶȣɲǾ뽾ײ˾УѪҹͨͬʱ˳ɡ
ǱƣһΣ˺Ʋǧ꣬һѪӼˣ뿪˿̲ƣһֱǺеıƶȥҪɢɱ
ƼѳĬûѡ֣֮ǰİǴѣ˿̸ӵĿһּ۳ȥӰתԥԶȥ
һɱɲٽƣ̧ȭ֮űƺȻһȭһȭ̺˵֮һȭر仯֮صУӵѪ
ͬһ𣬵ȴҧһγ
֮ΣǱ¶־֮ɫû֮ˣԼֻɱ˵ķӣȴǵһ
ƶĺɱУͻȻ֮䣬ǧĹһڣһֻɫĴͻȻûŴ˵һץ
ɫһ˺ɱӺ²ƻصɲʧضȥ
ǺɫĴֱ٣һץס˱ƣק˹һڡ
һսӿʼֵڣΪݣֱ˿ȥϵĿʯźȻ£ֱضȥ䣬Բǧ֮ڣһƬ޾ãɢذȥֻѵĺɫʯ飬ɢȼ֮Ĺ̡
˵أµ·⣬һɽգƻصӰһ߳ɫ԰ף֮վĬ˺ܾá
죬̧ͷܣɪ
ţޣõȥʱˡ̾һֵͷһ´أȴˣһ¡
Ϥţϣߵڡ
еһŲƣûй̶򣬵ȴû뵽Ȼ
·ɽڣһƬɫƣ̾һֱڣмۣ֮ǰʱߵڵķȥ
֮һûɽϣֿһƬ͸ɣϢĹȺеĴ㳡ϣ£ϵʯѾ˺ܶ࣬Ӳݣϥߵڣĵɪһ˿ůȡ
ĳ˵ļҡ
˫ۣڵƣǻͱУַų˾
ʱһΣ죬˫ۣߵڣվӣһֻһɨڶλŸӵ뿪ţǰߵڣһ߹
߹ÿһ¥߹ÿһߵڵӾס֮
գ߽ߵڣɽŴ֮ڣǴڣһž޴ΣȻ߲
żžĴϣϣǻҳ͸һûζ
վĿ˺ܾãֱ˫ۣƸܵ˶ĴڣȻģЩҡ
磬ÿһˡ
ϡ䣬ģؿǶɽУһŮӣ䳤Ʈҡվһɽϣ̧ףڵĻҪĻڣѰһ˫۾
ܾ֮˫ۣ߳˴վֻһ˴ڵߵڣɫ
пʵҪȥԡ
⼸£ضţڣ˾ı仯ֱ仯ʹùһڸı˶ҵʹ͡˵ѳţȴȥ
ڴšֺȻĿһоưյʲôȴѸ̧ƿ֮УʱڸֳһСˡ
С˳ֺ̹ڣݣ
һסƣŵܼ㣬ƴ֮УʲôҲȴһ仰ĵס
ʹ֮£ΪɣϷ򲻻ȥı䣬ز٣ԴΪƾУ
仰ڹһڣһ˿ͷʶΪͨǹһ˳
ϸĻζž仰ǻ֮֮ܵģֻһ仰ֳڱк壡
˼󣬺ȻӾҵһ͵̧ͷ˫ڱ쾫⡣
ʹ֮£ΪɣϷ򲻻ȥı䣬ز٣ԴΪƾУ
ÿһһ֣¡ɡ䡢١У
б䣬ѣ
бѣ仰Ϊôֻͣһ壬ţ棬ķʽ֣ѱ䣡
ţΪҲַʽʾңΪ˵ҿǹһ飬ʹͲұƳţޡ
ѱţޣͱʾ޷ţͣҪȥţ棬Īٶȣ뿪ţ޲ɡֳĬоţڣһ޴ţţǴһڸı̬ȵҪԭ
ͬģţֲ²УпħޣĪĹں֮ʱɣһ޵սΪʲô
˺ܶ࣬һжķ֪أ죬ֿԶĿ¶˹֮ɫ
ˣ˵رһ̲ˮȻѾãţޣҲõȥʱ򡭡
ⷬȥǲô򵥣һ·ϣ˵ҵĲ²УһΪ棬֮ڣ󲿷ֶħޣૣҪȥȻɫһ͵̧ͷڸɽĺɫһ֮£ʧӰ
ʧȴһӰӰСĽϸĹ۲ֿܺȷ˸棬˿Ľ̤ߵɽŵĹ㳡ϡ
ģ;һЩۣ˼ϣûеİšӰ¶ţºֿ˿ܣѰһ䣬Ҫϥ¡
ʱͻȻһ㳡ڻص
࣡
ӰǶ࣬˺Լ̷֣ɫ¶ţܿǾžͱ˾ϲ
ֵѣֵ
üͷӰûжʱûпĶ࣬Ȼڡ
˭ģ
ϣǴţҵңǰ·ǰϵΪһæ£վǰ̧һץ֮£жһöɫʯͷ
ʯͷѰһ·뾡˰취ҪߣʲôҲûз֣뵽ţı飬ãǸ
Ŀһӹɫʯͷ￴һۣ˫Ŀͫһ棬˻ܵϢ


1886 ʹ
סǺɫʯͷﲻǿռʯ̧ͷ˶һۣȭ
л֣
æҡͷգգۣʲô
΢΢һЦҡͷûлش𣬶ǿһգڡ
˵ˣ֣պлԵһʹ˸𣡡˵ţ̾һȥȥӰ˲Ӱ
ȥӰһЩʲô̾ҡͷȥҪȥţţ佻飬Ѿ
أ뿪ߵڣ֮ʱһƬɳĮУɳĮţ޲
˿ǺҹɳĮдź磬Ƿ̹ǣԽɳĮʿ˵Եֿĵܣ˷紵ϣ͡
УȻǺɫʯͷͷֿڵʯͷĿ¶֪ԼӦӦý򿪡
֪ܲʲôǻܵϢȴ֣򿪵ķ
Ƭ̺Ŀ¶ϣ쿪УȴǻܵСˣȻǺɫʯͷԱߣһΣʯͷС
֮ҹɳĮڣʲķֶڡʯͷС󣬳һϸܵѷ죬ѷԽԽ࣬ڶ̶̵ʮϢʱ䣬ȫѿ
Ȼɳĸţ
ڿĸŵɲǣһ
ǵһڣһȭͷСˣϥû٣壬ȴмٵı仯š
ϵ׵ϢɳĮĴأںϣɳƶ
һڵף˽ⲻ࣬Ҳڶ磬ǹһɽڿһʹ༸˵ס
ֻǣЩӣϢڵ˼һȣȴ̫󣡼˽ⲻ࣬ҲһۿͲһ֮
ףضǾһڣҲ࣡ףֲ֪ţ棬ʲôĴۣӹһΪֻ
ֳĬ
ǵڶڣһɫС죬׼ȷ˵һɢλõĸоƿԽ˳ڣ޷԰Ρ
Сϣָܵ˴ǾƷɽϢûв´ǹһ˵ɱߣʹ͵ĴŻɽ죡
С죬ֵģ˵һ˼
ɽԴ˵ΪҪ˿̣ţȴǽԼУ͵Լǰ
ֻ֣ܳĬ
ǵڣƯһɫӣӿƴСһһЩϢҲƣڿӵ˲䣬ִƿԼڵ档
ǡһ㶣ȥãϣܵԽҲ࣬һĵطȴȫ
棬ܺƣȴͬөһ㣬ͬĿǳһԳΪ̫һֻܳΪ΢ǹ⡣
ϣָܵţϢܲʶȴ˲²⣬ţмĹ
ţϣţйصĶ޲ر׾ˣ뿪ţޣ˿̣ӣȴǱ͵ֵǰƺᣬʵϣȴǳѹֵĵ
еĸţһƬƵĹףһЩͼۿȥһƬģʶɨȴ͵תͷŵķ
ǴڣһˣϣЦԼ̧֣Լһ
ǹڣݵĵͼܲǾϸžţԽԶĵطֻһһ򵥵Ľܡ
ݵͼڴ˿̵˵ȴǼΪҪ
У˵ͼ⣬йţϸĽܣֿ̾˺ܶࡣ
ţ˵Ļֻһ䣬ʶóǿ˹ڡ
һ·ƽ󣬻šûнͣû˵ԭ򣬸ûֻһ仰ⳡţ޶ֵ
ɫ¶ӣã̾һףǹ죬ţ飬ţڣһͿԽߣȥκһط
գСĵİǹպãٴοһ۴ŵķ򣬱ȭһݡ
һૣתһȥǹ׵ͼϵȥ߽磬Ҫȥڣ
ڣڶƫʥڣţޣΪңԶѰ۷УҪתӵسɴ磬Ҫȥʥޣ޷ʩչʶҲҪһꡣ
ҪȥڣһҪͨĵطħޣƿߣ˷Ѳʱ䣬ľͲޣһЩչ֮أˡ
ĬƬ̣Ŀһи²⣬һڵĸı䣬ħкܴĹ²⾡ٲ֪һ棬ţ޵ı߽УڵԼ
ôħޣΣգҪ֪ħ޼ѿաΣյĵطʵϲȫġ
Ͼ뵽־ȻҶȥħޡ
⣬̸ı䷽سɴ֮£ǵضȥһ·Сֱ
;޷سɴʱδ缲۶ߣϾţޣ˵ȫǵˣţʿҲãħʿҲգֻҪֻҪϳһɱ
ϾѰţʿֻ֪һ֪ھ
ֲԸȥɱţʿʶÿ޷سɴʱͻѡһطչ䣬ȼʱȥٴθ·
һʱϾ˻ȹ˼ԭ뵤ֻһŲƣ൱ڷеʱĵطʱȻº
ڵţޣλãȻ뵽˶Ʈѩһۿȥһ
سɴļҪ·µļչأֵѾȫתŵĻѩź磬ǰһȥ
ǰ治ԶĵطƮѩĻƻһĶǣɢɢɢĵƻ֮⣬һƮƻѩƽһ𣬿ƽ
½һҪһ˵˵ؾ뵤ʵϻһЩ룬˵Ҳܱߣȴûǵл
ıķˣӦûеģϾĴ˵ת˺ܾãħ޻ţޣѾڵԵ˽أڷˡ
ǵɵڿţ޵ĵطǰǳأ˲ɢ
ѩˡ
Хжյͺ𣬴Ĵ̣۾ҵɢʹǳǳڵķ֮ˣһͷ£żҵķ򣬿ٵȥ
֣ʱ߽ǳء


1887 
ѩ࣬紵ⶬĻƻʱ֣ĳǳڣҲ֪ԼΪԶ˵صǳغҪ˼
ΪѰһƽĸоֵ˫ŲڵĻѩϣ֨֨мƬѩϣ䡣
ǳصһˣߵһˣԽУѩϣܿ챻ûӰ㼣
ǳǳصһ˳ԣֻͷһ·ϣ˷һĻĻѩĻƻУȽȽҵƻ
ֻǣȴûܰĸоһУͬѩϱѩǵ㼣һ
֣һ˵ĸоףΪԼѾ뷲նһ˿ϵ
֪λյ㣬֮ǶϷһ̬ı仯ɻҪⷲĳǳϢŷ׵ֻǣȴȻ޷ȫȥ
ҵģô̧ͷյѩƻȥĺҹһվڳԣૡ
ҵıԴ˰˵ȱһԴ̤磬˺һ·ڼʱڣȥǾŴ١ҵĲˣһգһ統һƽģڷĳڣĬĬĸ񷡭
ˣȴ뿪һЩʲôԼңȴҲҲˡ
һִۡΪǿߵĴۡĬĬᲽȥ˷յĳţӭųĺѩԶһ߿
ҵƻһһ͸ůůֿȴ
ʵķһƬƬѩ䴵һƷѩƻصֹ¶Ӱ֪ȥ
ºһ죬ĵ˵ȻΪһ޴أһƬտû˿еֻǻš
ֵӰⵤİգڶһȣһΣ飬ű롣
ĵڣʶɢԽǽӽħ޵ķԽǽֹһ£ֿԽ̤ħ޴½ɲǣܵһɭϢħϣš
ɭϢ͸ѪһаζĴϳķҲãҲգʿӵһħԡ
ħ޵Ĵأţ޲ͬɽͺ٣ռģǴϵ಻ϵ󣬷·˺ܶµĴ˵棬ļ֮⡣
ħޣֺܲϲ
ħޣ˿ǿʿ٣һЩͽʿڣ֣û˿вȻһĹɣسɴ֮ħޡ
ܸܵħ޵һصħΪӴ󣬰չ׵ͼʾǸλãħ޵ħЫڡ
ţޣû޽ţ޽ҪɻʴگɣûگԻ޽
ǹħԺǿӰ쵽ı仯ûнӽƿħ޵ľͷ޵ı߽紦Ųƶȥ
ʱţתۣ£УҲһЩʿȴû˿ĽŲºһ죬ֳħ޵ı߽硣
ͨ޵ı߽ϣһƬħ޲ɽɽߣһԽɽޡ
վɽ£ɫƽŴ˸ʵɽܵɽϣħħǰɽϣֻ޴ЫӰ̾ɽؼ䡣
ħʹߣ
ħ棬ɽ壬һɾ콣ٵɲǣƻ𣬻һѹӵĽӰͬɽһ㣬ƯС
һ·ֱַʵԼħʿǽڣܵһϤĲ
˵ѡħ뿪ȷģˣķϣ
ôδ̫ĳˡɫ糣ŽŲɽȥŲɲǣȴɽϣħϢХԶԶһħЫɽϳ£ֱһ
ţɽϷǰѹӵĽӰȻ˾콣Хɨؼ䣬һħ֣һֿ֮һն£
һ֮ȡ˴˵һйâһ裬ͬΨһһɲ١
кһҲϵţͼڣ˲Ϣ˸Ĺ⣬ɲлɫϸ˿ȫȻγţȫֻʣһͷɫĳƮҡУ¶ĺ˫Ŀ
ϵ˲䣬ȫϢȻת۾ʹﵽ˿սٳڵ۷壬ǰһȥ֮죬ɲٽǰһħħЫڣħʹߡ
ڶٽɲǣûֳ֣Ȼħʹϣ¶һ˿ͲʩչκͨУ˫밴ü֮ϡ
ţһɿµĲȻں¡¡ıħʹߣΪǿսڣȻһ˲䣬ѡԱ
Աû˿ԥȻ
սʿԱԺ˵ħޣǿγһɻصսٺʿԣҲҪüͷ
û˿ɵģûκǰ׵ģħʿԱɲǣǸħʹߣȻͬʱѡԱ
սʿԱǿսٺڣҲҪ˿ҪҪ˺ܿ
ħʹԱɲǣ˫¶⣬һĪΣȻȫΣħʹԱĻ֮ΪʲôҪԱ
ûչɱҪԱ̫죬󣬻ʩչ˾콣ƿգˣȫʵһսͲҪԱ
³Ϊ
սħʹΪۣħͼضһ㣬ӣƾ뿪
¡¡ľУĿһ̧һץףȻУһӼ䣬ȴһƬɫĹâʱȫ
ţֱ˴˿תȫΪǰĵ֮û˿ԥȫı¶Ϣɢ˲䣬ֵ󣬺Ȼһ֧صľ޴Ӱ
ӰһԲڣȫһɵŵĲǺȻɢ
ǵžӰ죬ͬʱȫڣӲħʹߣԱĻ֮
һǵһħʹԱ˵žӰ֮ϣǵžӰͨһ˱ɲǣڶԱħʹߣ֮
쾪춯أȫ֮սٳΪں£֮Ӱ̱
ͬʱսħʹߵԱ֮в־˫׵ĵһأ֮ϡ
˯Ժˣ𴲺󣬴ĿŴ⣬ѿڡ


1888 ԣ
ֻĳֵĵȫֿƾټأڹһڱضǼΪ׵
ɻԪǧɣѪϵǴ֮ףؿڵλ˰ƴСѣȴûб
ҪˣԴˡʱ䣡سɴ磬֮ǰԹȻ⳾ϻҲȻ޷Խȥ
˺ͬʱؼնһХٶƼΪˣҪһնһ㣬ɨ䣬Ȼٽ
͵̧ͷ̧Уһȭһּ˵ĽӰͨԷ̫ӣֱһȭȥ
һǽӰµɲǣֵͬһͬľһֱ۵ףҲ˷顣
ǽ˳ֱ۳ڣҪչ֮ʱȴǿѹ£һλֱɽϷվŵһӶȥ
ӣɫ䣬֣ƿգ
ֺХ˲䣬ƿȻ̧𣬵ڶ𣬻ؽӰٴն£
һҪ֮ǰҪǿ֣ɲն£һͺ𣬲˼һȭ
ǵڶͬұϵףֱӱ
ڶʧһ˲ƿն˵Ľ
ֱ֣ܷĻصУȻƿգɣɫ͸һɱ
ƿɫв԰ףĶ֣־ɵɲǣҧ⣬ѪѪȻǽɫγ˾ŵӰֱֶȥ
ţ̧һץ֮£Ȼ䣬һѹӵģ͸ϢĽУһס֮£һԾǾŵӰ֮նһ
͸ϢĽڿһɲǣ̾ʹ棬ܵһɴͨۼ
ȻĽӡһһѱͨ۶ͬ𷨱
ǾŵӰٽɲǣĿһҪ뿪ߣҪŵŭұױۣ
ȻȭǾŵӰһȭ
ҿĽ棬ĳȭӲ
֮ɽϿٵһγһɷ籩ܺɨȥǷ籩УǾŵӰֱӱ۵ףҲȫɢӣȴ߳˰ɣԾնһƿգʮɣ
ͨ۵ķĳҲУûʩչҹ֮ΪҲʩչΡ
ҪؼʱƿһսƼʵϣȴûֱҪʩչҹ
ƿԱħʹߵ˼ɱȫΪʱһ
ֻﴫɲǣ̧һץһɫĴӡȻ֣
ӡֵͬʱ̾ǽɫĹӳȻһ𣬺¡أƿѪɫήңеĽֱӱΪƬǱ׳һ˴ϡ
ֵĽӡһѺۣȴû鿪Ǳİ޹⣬ִ۳ķһ໥ԿеĲǷıͨ٣صⷨĴ䱾Ϊ˱۵Ķ֮
УǼΪһ־磬ȻƿյĽϴڵ֮ԶԶֵӡ
˽ӡ̤ɽ壬۶ǲԶƿա
ƿǲϵѪ֣ɫʧ䡣
ˡûִţ飬ҲûйͬǱ۶ķ֮£䣬䣡
ҲˡƿվӣӵĿ֡
Ļʱ䣬ҲȥˣԱҵȫӣΪͣһʱ̡Ƕû뵽ҲûȻ뿪
ƿջ䣬תɽһߣ۶ȥûȥϸԷķϻǰУһӣһѪ⼲˸˵ƿüֱӴ͸
ûвҽУûзѪ͸ƿյͷ­ٻصּ۵ӰС
ȥƿգǷǱϾȥ鿴оڤڤдڵΣΣ֮£һֵһˮһĸо
಻ɽķһƬɳĮɳĮޣΪĵ棬ޣн߳ɵĴأ޾ɳĮ
ںʱһ֪ӺεʿһսӡʿӵһֿµԴ֮ӡ󣬴˵رɳĮ
ˣϣʶ󣬽֮Ϊޣ
ĳԴϢħһħʵϣҲǴԴħЫڴ֮еһޡ
ֻħڸǣѿѡ
ЩţֵĹڣϸļ¼ڿ޵һ̣Щ両У˿ȴϾȥ˼̫࣬ǼУŴ˿̻ٶȣ޷ʩչسɴУ޼۶ȥ
ԽԽı߽緶ΧɲУֿԽ˴룬ֻʣ˲ǧޣңңĿ
һ˲䣬ͻȻɫ䣬ֵǰȻλãɢ˴ĿĹâ㲨̻صȴǴתһĻ
⴫תΪ٣ֿȥ˲䣬ڣȻÿһжʮӰ
һӰת£ûһɹɾΪϢɢ
ĿҪħ޼ĴۣһԴôˣΪԽߣһθĴ۾ԽǵͶǴ۵ĳأ޷ݡ
£Уǿڶִۣ࣬ڿħʮĻ
Щˣԭţͨ޵ı߽ڣȴֵĵжϵʧ󣬴˿̲òǿŲƶЩֻһ֣и֮ˣ½Ͷ
Щʿ˵ĴŶΪƣɫͬǺڰͼȴһһ
ͼڹ֪ħڣһţħڵı־
һֵɱ¾ħޣǵħһ֮
ǧﷶΧޣ£ħϮֹǰУڤڤдĲΣԽԽŨ
˫ͫһμ۵ɲǣͻȻ䣬ڣһʿХֱֶͬʱһӰ׳ܣ
ԭʿ֮ͷ
ԭʿ֮ͷ
ԭɢ֮ͷ
ԭ
һڻصֶУһһͷ­һףЩףϤţѨڣԭһս£Ĳʿ
Щˣ֪ʲô֣ǵӣȴǼǵáͷռ˼ԭջ֮˵С֮࡭
㲻ϲͷôЩҵħڣĵһݴ񣡡һء
ħڡ뿪˵أպػٴţ¶âķ˶ģһΣ½ǿҪһڣ


1889 ħ
ҹ͵ת֪ԼҪ뿪ضΪѣħһΣΪɱԼνǲϧһУ
Щܵʿصͷ­˵һУ
Ҫ뿪ͱҪƴˣʱҪ죬Ļ½ĴУϵصħʿֵȥû˿Ļᣡ
ʱԽԽ
ҹֳڣħ޵ı߽紦ʱõĺˮڸأʹܰ˷Ϊҹ֮С
ҹһֱΪʿǿͨغХǽ̧ͷɢ˺ҹ
ʲôΪ˿ֶܳٵħʿ˺ҹ£ĲҽУһһ鿪ԪҲ޷ӶݣȻ
Ǵڣâ˸Ͷһˣǵӻûȫۣ̺Ȼ
һʽҹɫ䣬˵س⣬κλˣɫ԰ףʱ䣬ܿҪû˿ԥһֱǧޣ
ûпȥ󣬵󷨣Ȼڲҹ֮»ΪֶʱԻ֮
ǧﷶΧתۼ־ͿԽһ룬ʱͻȻڣٴ˸䣬ʿɢǿΪȻûΪֱ׷
ʿУΪﵽ˿սڣһˣȻӵпսٺ̶ֳ֮ȵɱ¾Ȼǵħó˼ȫ
һ֮ɱһˣ飬˽йأȴֻΪ˽𣬵˾ʮĳ̶ȣûһڵԼ棬˻ͷ
˫ͨ죬׷ɲǣ֪лȹ͵תͨХַٽսʿٵ˲䣬Ȼ̧ڵ֮Ȼ̻û˳һĵӰ
ӰЩģȻ֮ǰħʹԱ£ˣ˿̻ûɸˣһѹȸУ
𣬱λ
ɽ
ħ涯
ǰȻһȥʿΪﵽ˿սٺڵϹ⣬֮ˣȻȫӺƱŤһ㣬Ƶĸı˷еĹ켣ֵǰг緲һĶ飡
⣬Ǳ֮ƻصʹУһѪ
ȭһƣɲǣʿϣʱɢ̣գؼ䣬Ȼһ޴ɽ壬ɽ壬ɣʿϷºݺһѹȥ
ĶΪһָȥ˲䣬涯ʿĲҽУͬʱԼΨһûбƵĿսٺϹٽֲʮɵɲǣֵĹŵɣȻ
ħŵɣ
ŵɣֵΪĿս֮ںϺʩչΪˣҹͬɱȴͬ
䣬һƬɫɢʿǿսٺڵϹ֣ɫһ䣬̵ɻǻɫһ¡
ɫ̲԰ף˺˫Ŷʱʯļ˫ֲϵĵϣÿһε£һϢڣǹŵ֮ڶԿ
֮⣬ħ޵ı߽磬еħʿȫ
Ѫڵĵ֮ȫõϵĻвָѾ˺ɫϸ˿ۿҪɢ
ҧУ󼱼ȥķΧת۱Ƕ
ʱ߸󣬺Ȼһ˸Ĳʿûͬʱֱַ׷ȥ
ӡ
߲֮ǹ
磡
֮
Դɢֺ˫ۣҪԼĻȫɢǰеͨȫʩչĿܣɱЩħʿ
ӡһǾ޴ָӡֱ֣˶ȥͬʱ߲֮ǹ󣬺Хߡ
磬Ѫ֮£չʴɱ¾ټתԴı̶̵˲Ϣ䣬ȫʩչһĺ¡죬УӵϵĻд뻯ϸ˿ֱҲۡ
ͬģַͨУĲʿȫΨ˴ֵĿ⣬¶ؼɵ
߸Ĵ֮£Ȼڱ
ӵޣܵڤڤΣǵûɢŨ
ȴʣĸ󣬾Ȼǹ̶ǷһֺԴ˵ʿ˲Ʒʽһ֮£Ȼֵǰʮ⡣
ֵͬʱϹâĿ˵ĲϰʿӰֵǰȫɱ¾ֱֶ̣ȥ
ϰʿֵ˲䣬ǼγжԿܿļսʿ缲۶ǰΧ˿Ļᡣ
˫ͨ죬˿ȫֻʣСֻûȫ˿ͨѾȫ꣬һУ
ȴ󣬻ԴȻûȻɢɢٶɲоְ˷
𣬷գֵͺ˻ƣóͨʿÿһĶ˼˼ȼյû棡
£ȴϰʿһȻȼɢĹ𺣣вҽ
ߣһҧͷǿԼƣʧ˻֮£ǰĳȥѪһȴѪ֣һӣ̴Źûʹܳ˴ĺɫ˿˿Ȼǰĳȥ
һĻĶǣ֮ЩյʿһҪôҪôһɨҪôǱ˿̵ɱɱأɱɱɵѹӵˡ
֮£ɱ¾ﷶΧֱӺȶһ·ϰʿ룬һЩȫȻˣֲĿ֡
ǲûмǿߣˣɱ֮ޣȴǼΪټɱһʿҪǵħڣȿΧĴۣ
ۣпһţһξʮŴӴ֮󣬱ɰʮŵĲشۣ
̤޵һ˲䣬ϵлȫϸ˿Ҳϣţͼڣһĸоȫһѹס
ϣ˿̻ǹһڵף˵ױһ룬ɻмǿķ֮ڡ
̤ϣһģѪ۶ӣף֮䣬ɢ޿ԽΪħڵĵӣǴĽ룬Ϊͬ
ħڣҪ㣬ĻҲ֮ǰħʿԱƿճ֣ʱԼħڣ˼ɣǴɲżɱ׷ɱԼ
ֲ²ħڵʿͣ½Ųԥûм
ʱͻȻĸٴ˸ʮʿĸȴֻһˣ

μڴ˳ֵɲǣʿһݣ


1890 ٣컯
ǵĸ֮߳ˣһӣ˴źڰ׵ۣӰͦΣһɳϢȫվòΪӢ˫Աʹ˿ȥһ̺
ˣǿ̱Ѷ֮Ϊ˽Թȥ֮ɱһ˵顣
߳󷨵ɲǣһɿսٺ۷ΪȻڱΪһɢʹɫ䣬ħ˷һ˷ƣء
ΪսٴԲֻһ
߳ʹܵħʿڵϣһͷ
ΨӣվĮĿ⣬ޣڼ۵֡
ִ˿𶯣߳󷨵ͬʱʼմڵڤڤƵΣУȻ
ΣУӣħڵ
ûлͷְѴ˿ܷӵٶȣȻʩչ˴˵ػ޷سɴ⣬˼һ಻ϵĲӰɲֱԶ
ܸоٷɳԶǹɷصͻʧԼͿضȥ
ħڵĵħȴɫƽģûħʿԥǽŲһӰֱ߳ħ޵ı߽磬̤뵽ڣ
ڽ޵һɲǣħվֻ̧֣һָա
ħĿУ˵˴ӳڣΨһ֣
仰ﴫͬʱħݵı߽磬಻ϵذɽͻȻҵĲֲأغ¡졣
ȴ£ͬһԵİɽһεȻǣȻذ˷Уɽ࣬ԵͷλϣȻһ޴Ӱ
ӰһŰɫĵ۵İ׷ߣһɷǣû󣬴Ŵ΢Цɽһ˦
ͬʱɽһͷرŤУٴγһ޴ӰһźɫۣȫħħӰӣһ꣬ϣתأѪɷ
ֺȻһָǰɽ
һĻĵħʿһ𺳣Ŀ⣬¶һɿȡ
ֻ޾ɽǵǺħͨ£Ȼ˾춯صĺ죬Ǿ£ԿԼﳤɽȻĴӴ
غ¡һɽգԶԶһͬһ뿪˴أ
ŵħɫƽһָ̺Хһ㣬ȴɽֱǰ޶ȥ֮죬޷󣬼תۼ䣬ͺɨǧֱ֮ӴӼ۵ϿպХ
һ£Ǿ޴ɽԼϿһǰǧɳĮϣȻ䣬һɽΪ޽ޣ˿̵֣ɻħڣ
Σĸоһ˲䣬ռγһ޴Ӱ֮ڡ
㻹ħޡǵħɫƽģ˵󣬵ڶ仰仰˵ͬʱýŲǰһȥɲǼ䣬ͳԲɡ
ҧۣ֪ԼǺӳħˣ־ܣȴǾܣ
Ҫ£ڲɱ㣬Աڣдãǵħ¶֮⣬һӣ翴ϣ̧Ȼһ˦
Ϊ̫ߣ˿ֻɢΪص˿ڣ֮ǰʩչͨȻ;ƿݣ֮䣬̫һ˦֮У¶ϣȴ˫ĿһգڤڤеķӦ
ǵħ˦˲䣬ֵ壬ƾնһ˵ϢϢУ۾Ȼ˽ɫ͵ת˫һġ
غӾѪͬʱֱԶɽȥԷ̫ǿּԽ֮Ƚϣȴǲ磡
ײһˣ˿ʶ˻Եļ󣬱ݺݵһҧ⣬ǿѹ
ǵħһ¶Ĺ⣬ŻԶȥ֣΢΢ҡͷ
ǡָ˰̶Ⱥ󣬻ֿܵһʽܺãȻˣ㿴һҵħڵľѧӡ㲻Ҳô̧Ȼһġ
ȴպƱһ㣬ȻһƬ۰ĲƱãɲǼ䣬֮ǰֵģɫ۵ߣȻûվڰգһĿ˼۶ߵϵɲǣɢХֱֶȥ
ȴӰڳУȻһ޴İɫӡӡָ壬ָ
ţӡһһ۵ħ꣬һ߳һȻһ޴ĺɫָӡħݺᣬӡ·֣ȥ
ԶԶһһĻͬһһ޴ӡֱ·֣⼫ʱڣӡϿǧɵλãȻ˴ںһ𣬻һ˸ڰ˫âħӡ
ӡһմأƺҹĵߵһжģʵһƬģУûмӶݣվϣµǾ޴ħӡˣĬ
ɫûоûбһƬƽУֻһ˿ź
һ٣ףԼΣҲܲˣźǻûиźǻôֵѣ½ûҵ
̾һֱ˫ۣ˫ĿպϵɲǣûзУѾܾûʹõ棡
飡
ӡХһ˲䣬ֵϣһɲǣǵħͻȻһһ˵ľ֮УȻ֣˼̧һӡ
죬Х˷УӡֵȴδһǵħһӼ䣬ݺݵһס֣֮С
һУǵħȻԾӡںϺֱħڣǵϵĵħʿһ磬ǵȻԶȥ
ֱȫ뿪ԶɽĺˣصԭλϣһĶڴ£ûɢκ֮ǰѾ֪ҴЭһ
羪죬նߣǵħɫƽȴʼճڷһ˲ľ֮ڣָоǷһ̣Լɱ֣ᷢһͷĲ֮¡
оϼΪܺԣ
ˣǡָ֮ˣضһЩֶΡǽƻռƻɱḶ˴ۡ
УħӰԽԽ죬ֱħ޵ĵص㣬ҲħЫ֮أ
ѹħЫڣ壬ħ꣬ʹħ


1891 Ĩ
ºħģһƬʱдðɢõζ˵ظǱһƬɫƿɢҹҹ۳
Ƭռ˷ԲķΧڣһʵĽ⽨ԶԶһһֻ޴Ыӣ
ЫɴСͨڣſϣһħɢܣʹþ󲿷ʿ޷ӽĻضǱħ壬
ħڳ⣬еʿڣϻص˵ħɽţΨסֵ˿˸䣬ħЫ֮⡣
Ϊſڽӽ󣬲ħӰ졣
˿Ǿ޴ЫӽԣħӰûӳֵɲǣ·޴ЫӿУһĿԡ
žܣ⼸Ե˵ȴΪ
ǿԵӽȴЫӵĿڲ߳Ӱ
ӰУ˴ɫĵۣϿ̻һֻЫӣǶ˿ֻ꣬ȴһɿսڵΪɢɫ䣬ûа
˴˿̣ͬǻһ㣬ǰһӶڸǵӰӰƼΪϣ˿ӣ߳У
˴ôǲϵӰУֹͣ˽ŲɳƵĿڡ
ǵħڵ߼Ϊ˿̱ȭͷڡ
Ѿ뿴
˵ţ̧һӣǰͳһڰ׶ֵӰӰڣ˫Ŀգϥһ
ܺãӦûʺѹħ޵ˣʹħ⡭̧ͷգȴԿڣ֮ɫ˫Ŀһۺ¶֮ɫ
Ϊҵħڸ˺ܴĴۡǵħƿڡ
ħ˸󣬴Ӧʹͣ٣ѹˣĵħ󷨰֪ôĨǣݻ䣡ɳƵĻ͸һɿȣ֡
־ΪᶨҪĨݻټ񣬲סǵħ΢΢һЦδ̶֡
ȡδħޣֻеħڣһڣȫڵߣҵĿãŻڡ
ãдԣԵȫԵħ󷨣ĵµħ䣬ԼݻԼ񣡡ǵħһЦԥָ⴩͸ţüģһץǰֵĺڰ׹ţ·޴ЫӽȻ˦ȥ
Х죬ȴ˫۵֣ɲǾͱǾ޴Ыӣµ˲䣬Ыӵı̳һ޴Уֵڡ
ڱԴ࣬а˵һȻ۳˱Դ˵ԴУһͨǾԴ
ұԴΪ֮ͨ㣬ݻ䣡ħ䣬ϥ£˫Ŀһ
Ыӿڲߣת߽ЫӿڣģǿԵԶȥ绤һħʹߣʼһδ֮һͬЫڣӰ
ЫӽһƬ޵Ŀռڣ޾ɫâÿһâУϸԿ˴ɫЫ֮꣬ռڣϵطһ˻
ֵ壬ϥɫĿռڣһϣȴɫЫӣ帲ǡ
ĿڣȴĹâ֣Ҵ˿ڣһɱԴ֮ڷⱾԴڵԴ
Դ˿߼䣬ֵžž죬ʱһεĵ⣬ȫ
˿̵֣Ȼ֮У꣬û˿תֻ˿ģǼǵħ޷ֵڣһӣڻת
ÿתһȦֵ񣬻ļǵȵ֮һЩһƬ͵Ĺâš
·˿̵ֳһ״̬УڵԴԽԽǿǿĳ̶ȣںܿͳļֱԴ˵ѷɫ۳ĻԴ֮Ĳ࣬ȴԽԽ
·˿ڣһεֱͨͨϥĵħڣȻɣδ۳Դ˽һ
ģʱţת۱¡
УڵԴԽӵǿڵĺϣͨڣ̺˵ħ־Դ
µʱ䣬Ǿ޴ЫӽĵħüͷôҲû뵽ڵԴȻԼôͬıԴ󣬻δ־ۡ
ԭ뷨ֻһµʱ䣬ԼԴͻȫȡԷͬԴǱԴ̺Լ־ʶַڲչĨɱ˾ͿģڲӰҪ£ʹʧȥǡ
ǼҪħ˲ĨֻĻ̫ǿӲˣǼΪ΢һ˿һˣպӰ쵽ħЫĸ
룬ҪİĻҪ£һ㡣ϥĵħڵĸµĳһ죬̲סڴ
Щεķ֣ԼԴ˿̼ȫӿ뵽ڣɻûȫȡֵıԴ۳Լ־
飬ǹ죬һУԼ־һʵҲȷħ²⣬ֵڣÿһתڱͬʱڳֵһз־һЩ
ȡɳƵЫڴû˵꣬;ҵĿãǻص
Ŵ׵޻׵顭Ҫ׼ڴ˸׸աһŰɡ䣬ȴغһɫ磬ȻЫ˸ֱǵħ
ɲٽǰһȭͷСӣڴ磬ɼڣһսӰսϣվһģ֮ˣ֮ͬ
ǵħʿʶڿӺҲȻ¶֮âܿѹеͷﱾ׸ħЫģҪֵ䣬Ǽó
ħûԥſ͵һ׵Ȼһ磬ֱĿУһɵ˲䣬ڵԴȻûȱһЩȴȫ˳Եħӵͨıȥ
ЫɫĿռڣȻҵĲڵԴһɲǣȻȻ۳ļ󣡣


1892 γ棡
ڵԴӵļ£ԽӵӴֻӵĴڣʶʹõħ־ʼ޷ȫֵڣ޷Ĩǵĳ̶ȡ
˿̣ǵħ׵ںȻԴ˳εͨıڡ
ӾҵĲͷ޷ԶƮε⣬ȫͬʱɢ
춯أɫĿռڣҲͬʹռ𶯣âҫɫЫӣܣ˻
ֻӴĲ˼Դڽ֮Ҫ۳ǵħ־˲䣬Ȼһת˿һ㣬־ϵȥͬǽˮ̶ɲǣȻʧȥһЩﵽĳƽļˡ
ôЫӽ⣬ϥĵħȻ˫ۣ¶޷֮ɫڵӣܣһ糣ѰҲԼʧȥ־ȥ
˲Ծ˿ЫڵļߣҲüͷһڿУһ˦
ʱǾ޴ЫӽڣһХ֮ǰһһ׵飬ֱħȥ
һ׵飬Ｔ׵ޣҲֻʣ²㻹ܳɹ֮ǰһгŵȫϣǲϵɳƵĴڼ仹ſ֮
ħɫΪҲû뵽˹죬Ʈǰ׵飬ħȻſݺݵһ֮£ӶʱֱĿС
ӵɲǣħ˫밴üģͺһ
Դɢ£ȴħȫԴԥĺޱĺȻͷų˳ͨڣڸ̺ȫ־һΣҪɣ
Դڣһɰ˵֮ǵڶ׵ƶħ־ĳ
޷ݵԴ֮ĺУЫڵɫռϥٴβЩߵĻ磬Ȼʮ֮࣬ɢɣʹַԲڣȻΪһ
Ǻߣ˴ĿĹâܵ˲䣬ֵͷ­ԼٿصȻ̧ŵĿڣһӡ˸˾Ŵκ󣬺ȻĿг
ǳ磬ͷ⣬һ޴ţһ̷֣ܰڵ֮ȴһ缱ٶѸ͵ںϼ䣬ĵΧȻһε
ǱԴ˵ûȫ۳ͣӣȴò˶ãɳΪ
ת£ܰɵȫպֻԵڣȻ˸磬ȴһ磬ȫĺëڼ˸ʮǧëУֻɢʮǧ磬ÿһëУٳʮϡ
һ磬ȻһӴ֣һԾ춯أɫĿռڣÿһ䣬ȡɫռ䣡
Ӵ֮ȫĺϿյڣϣǾҵ죬ЫӽҲ䴫У˷ԲʹƬΧħޣȻ
ڲϵ֮£ԼٶȳɳȴڴԭֻУѸٳһÿһ໥ܵ۶ɲǼ䣬һĹ֮ڡ
ţǴ£ǹһϸ˿˾Ѫ⣬һ类յɲǣƯڻԵϿյģȻһ֣
˫Ŀգߴ󲻶ϣ˷ڵվΪ֮

һ̣ķʽȴǲ֣ǵħ
Ϊڣ۵ȫǵħ־
Ыӽ⣬ǵħɫ¶˵ܵĴڣļΪ𺳣֣ٴԤʧܣû뵽ֶڱԴĸ򣬾ȻԴ⣬еڶǱ
˿̵ĵħ֮УǾԴһô޷ɼ˾Ҫ
УЫӽڴ˿֮ħ˫¶ϣ
պħЫŵĺôȣ󣬵ҲǲԷħ˫Ѹ̧üһ֮£̱˫ۣȫЫڣɫռϿյԴڣ
ԴȻһ䣬˫Ŀֻ̧·ָ֣Ȼһһ֮£Ӿȥͷ­УںȻߵԴ
˫Ŀ˫˫֮ףпУߵԴХֱϣ໥һһӦȫȥ˲䣬ԴȻ˫ۣ
˫¶һƬɭһɵħϢȫһ֮£Ы⣬⣬ǰΧ⣬ħϣطպȻ˾
Щ¡¡Ļ䣬ٶȣȻֱЫ۶
ٶȣ޷ݣһʿͬسɴһɲǼʹЫ˷ĳֱЫڵɫռС
Ȼ䣬ռڵӿ⣬һ׵ͬʱͷγһ۹ڣ
ǵ۹ڣ׵֮ڣ
۹γɵһɲǣⱾԴӿ磬£һսȻû
ֱһɲǣԴϣ
·ϥ֣ӾҵĲһ£ڵӣûأתбֵԪԼһУѣΪеһ˿¶
ѵһ˲䣬˫ۣϿУ۳Դ
ڿһɲǣˣһ£һеı仯˵ã֮Уܿ죬ͳ׵׹
һ㶣ΪĵףǴڣһʩչ֮ܵʱδıУֳľһĻ
һĻһһ
֣ͿԼԴҪ֮ѹԼ벻ףԼıԴôܻһ㣡
ϾԼۣȫԼԼһ֣ܳδһĻ£ǻ棬棡


1893 ͼı
һһԴϷĮĿ֣ȫ֮صռڵͬʱԴȻһ̧Ȼһģȴ䣬էּ֣ѹ
ϥϿԼıԴѹɫΪ˿ѣԺ̸ֳħӡ
ԴۣͻȻı仯ڱضǵħֱӵĹⱾԴϣֻܵǵħϢ
סȴɱˡռԴѹĿġѹʹңĥ𣡣
Ŀ˸̶̵ʱڣͷǧתһĻֻƬһĻ𶯼Ϊ˷ֹһĻֺԼ֪룬Ȼڵ꣬˶Ӧķ
Դѹ˲䣬ԪȻ˫ۣڻڣĳ֡
۵ӣȻתһת֮£ֵԪԼȵһ֮屻ɲǣȻ
ԲӦ䣬ʱԴ룬ȫ󣬱ֵķ֮ʱ
ֵ벻Ϊλ֮ʱ뵽ΨһԿķ
ɫĿռڣ¡¡䣬ԴɢٽͬʱȫȻ߽⣬磬ڣڣǵħ־£ɨҪȥĨֵһС
ʱţת۱һ£һУȫ罥ʧֱɢϥһûа겨ΪϢϨͬһ
һǿʶХϸɨȥ
ͬʱЫӽĵħƣ˫ۣЫһۺ󣬻ﻺص
룬񣬻м䣬ѾȫĨ˿ڿտգԲ鿴һ£⣬Ҫȥˡ
ħﴫ֮ʱɫĿռڣһԵȴȫֵߣĽŲ֪Ժַʽվֵǰħʹ߽ػ
֣ⱻڸ׵ߣڵǣ¶΢Ц̧𣬴ֵϡ
ұۼΪֲϳɫëĿģ˱ۣ
ְֵ˲䣬ֵڣǱתʹ˶޷Ȼһ˿ֻⲨı£ɲ
ǵħûߡ˿̲Ƿʱ򡭡ٵȵȣڵĲ
ãֱ۴̧𣬽ţһɳƵ߿л
߰ɣħ˸󣬳ŵ֮£٣
Ыӽ⣬ǵħ˫¶֮âһЫһΣһתʧӰ뿪
ֱǵħȥЫɫĿռУ۵ߣ֣¶˷ܼ֮ɫ
Ϸһ壬Ѿ˺ܾáһԷ֮Ϊ룬ڵȵħһ֮壡
Ψ壬ſԳΪħ˸ֻڣԴĨħļ䡭߼֣ɫĿռڣ͸
ֵı£ûκָоһεΣԼ˵٣һȻĶľ컯
Ӳһ壬һһ죬Ѿ֮ã˿̧ҧָ⣬ȴһɫѪȻɳֱֶȥֵüġ
ɫѪüĵɲǣ̻صһƬɫƣǲ֮ڵԴϴڵĵħ֪ǻǹ־ɢȫʧ
Դֵڣ˿û˿˵־ֻһͿɲѴ֮ռݣȴΪǸ컯סֳ嶯ջ
ã˫¶֮ɫŵĻ赱˵һж̽
Է֮ΪħЫ֮ˣǼߣۿҲײţҪ̽
ԻǳĨԴϵħ־ԴΪգҪֵǷȫɢȥ
ãڵԴûճֵ߲зģ˵ڵڣɻ
ܲҪħ˵Ķˡ䣬˫ӻˣֱ˳ʮ˲䣬ȻɳƵһ
ħɱڣħ󣬶ȻӳڿڵɲǣӼˣ˫ۣȴĶֵ壬¶֮ɫ
ɲǣħʹߣͻȻ˫¶ɷ֮âһ֮䣬ֱֶȥ֮죬ɲٽ˫УսΪǿֻͨ޴ħЫӣ˻ֱֶȥ
ǵӣ̽Ҫɱڴˣһ˲䣬ٵֻһѡɢԴڣ־ٶתţɱˣѸ˵ء
ߵĻΪͻȻǻˣпܾͻôȴһ˲䣬Ȼƽž㣬һ
ŶԷԲ棬һıƴ
һɲǼ䣬ħʹߵͨȻٽֲߴ磬ɲ硢硢硢һ磡
һǿҵǴڷĶ˿Ҳɵ˶ҡǣһ
һħʹͨȫֵϣµɲǣȴ⣬һɫĲƻص͵ĵħʹߵͨ˷
ɫĲƣǼ뷽żѪѪɢȥ˵ħ־ǿʧʵȴΪ̽Ĺؼһʣ
ֱ˿̣߲ȫķɳƵĴЦֻЦЦţȴǾҵĿ
ûˣȻûʶֻΪ̫ˡһ£ɳħ˵Ľ١
İ˵Դûħ˵ıԴǴ֮Ҫϡ
а˵Դϴ֮󣬱ǾŵŵԴһ󣬾ǱԴ֮壬ȫǺħ˵Ľ٣ʱħ˶ḴϷһʹԻݸ
̫һҪȥ׼׼
߿УԶȥ


1894 һ껪
ԼħػʹȥֵϥһģɫĿռڽΨɫߣռ˸ϡ
ÿһڣһЫӵӰ䣬ռ
ʱţת۱£Уƽû˿ŲϣɫâǣϸһԿϷɫСЫӣЩЫ䶯䣬
ڣֵڣ䱻汣Ԫ񣬾صȴţ㹻ģȥȴһܵ컯
߼Ϊɣ˼Է׾Լ˿̵жϣ½Уεֱ̽ȫȷ󣬷ɰĸԼĪ컯
־ܲ²ⲻδȴԼ̽һַʽȻ׼֮ģʶı£ĵȴ
ԲӦ䣬ͷЩɫЫԼϸǣôֻ˳ԼĿڱ˫ڣҲû˿仯
ʱ䲻֪Уһε¡¡¡ܿģɫĿռڣߺѾȹһꡣ
Ϊ̶ֳȵʿȻ겻һʱ䣬û˿仯ֻϵɫЫӣȴԽԽ
ɫĿռڣЩЫӺѾֿһ֣·һΰ㣬ɭϢ
˿ǻκˣɫռһĻ󣬶Ϊ֮ľ
֣ѾˣģֻһЫӸǵ
ֵԪһУžڣ¶˿
һڣûгֹһһƬţЫӽ⣬ҲûаӰ١
һУžУ˹Ϣ
һꡢꡢꡭ
ĸͷƶһ죬ɫЫӽڣɫĿռУֵԪѾȴ꣡
У߸ûг֣壬ħЫӵĲϸ£һı仯ֱ仯ĸԴ
ȫʮǧëڣȻϸ΢ķһɫ㣬Щ㣬ǰ֣鿪ֵѪ󣬻һЫӣ
ЩЫȫֵΪѨΪ֣ڴţĽ죬ɫĿռУЫӵһֵ壬ܵĵ棬Ҳһ㣬һۿȥĿġ
Ыӵĳ֣ʹ겻ƣ壬Ϊֵͬʱή
ķչǿҵĸоԼٲȡʲôжٲԪɢٿ뿪¾ԶҲ޷뿪ˡ
ҲͬˣΪûг֣Ҳûȥ̽Ϊ£õֶ̽Σ
ûκηʽ¸ܿ͸һ¼͸һʵˡ
ߣֲ²⣬ԷȻ׼£ȥֽһμΪп̽̽շ⣬Żȥյ뷨
̽⣬Σֲ֪
ûϵ⣬ûǿήֿ֣Եȥʮǧ꣬ȣĹᶨпҧԿ
£ϵĿήȴֲòᶨɵò˶ҡΪһжĲ²⣬ûȷʵ֤Щ
һжϴ󣬴˿̲ȥ²彫ȫήԼҲĻᣬδڴˣ
ͬģжϴĻʧȥһμ컯Ե
һѡһѡ
ڳһ֮Ҳɫռĵ꣬ɢˣֹϵնһзӵͷһɷ񣬴һɶԼĲ²⼫Ϊȷƽĵȴȥ
꣬꣬ڰꡭֵ壬ΧĿήɲ
ھ꣬ʮꡭЫֵ壬Ѿû˿֣ݿݹһ㣬˷һͿԱƵģ֣ڵȣ
ʮ꣡ɫռ䣬Ѿʮ꣬ʮУ֪淢ʲôı仯֪ţħ޵ĽսǷڼ˽
ʮֵ꣬Ԫȥٿȫı£Īļ֣ȥݶһѣ
֧ģжֻǷϣȴǸܵһɿ£ǵħǿ֮ˣԼǻټΣ
ħЫڣ̫಻֪ءҪǣǷˣʶ̫ã
һαȵģ໥ģ
ǰᣬֵĲ²⣬Ϊ棡
˿̵֪޴ЫӽڣЫͷڲһ䶴ڣƽϥǰǰһɫľӣڵɫռڵһС
ʮʱ䣬ڵȣߣҲڵȡ
ԪޣͨԶһЩʱ䣬һ壬ÿһļ룬Ҳǧѡ
Ѿǧ˰ٶ꣬Ȼܽܽ
ʱ䣬õķʽԿ࡭ʹôЩ࣬Ϊħ˽ٵİȫҪˡҵҪ˵ɥʧ񣬻װġ
ȱģЫӽڣһסǧѾϰʱת£Ϊһֱܡ
ꡢꡢꡭڶʮ꣬໥ĵȴУһεˣһ伫ΪпĶԶԶѰʿɱΪһǶ˶ģ£
µ˶Ϣû˿̻ڣȴ̺Īļᶨգһ׼꣬䲻𡭡
ͬ䲻壬ͷҲʼ˴ǵǰͻ᳹׵ķϵ
ɫռ䣬󲿷ֶɫЫӸǣɼɫĹâռ䶯š
ʮʱ䣬񲻶һֶԼĲͬϣһһκģ
Ҿ䡭ֵУһ仰֧ʮꡣ
ЩʱǼΪģʱȴͬҶڵ棬ƾļı仯ʵϣֻǶݵһ̡
תۼ䣬Ƕʮꡣֺһطһʮ꣬ҷԪͬһ㡣
壬ǵʮ£ҲҪȫļ
ߣɻڵȣʮ꣬⣬ڿǾӣĬУȴȥ
ʮ꣬ʮꡭ֪ϰ˺ȥ˰ʮ꣡
ʮһ죬ߣڵ˫ۣ¶˳ɡ˿УӲ˰ʮ꣡
ҪǣԪҲˡ
ǰģֵѡ񣬵ȣǲȣ


1895 ھűԴ
ѡ˵ȣнʮԪԼʮ꣬Լһת׼ĹƷΪ˼¡
ʮʱ䣬㹻һһ£ϵģʮʱ⣬ȴħЫڶȹ
ʮ꣬ղ֮޷ֻܿı£ĬĬĵȴŵţƳΪˣܶ飬ܶ䣬·ģ
ͬһ壬˵Ƿ⳾ˡ
˺ܶ࣬ҲãţҲգԼΣҲˣ˴һ˵״̬ڣںϣΪصһ֣ȴسɴ֡
ֻǣУôӰôҲǲˣԸȥǡǼӰĸĸһẬЦٲŮӡ
ЩˣããһԼתĿġ
ЩˣһƽΨǰǿգȻԼʧ׷󡭡
Щˣ߸磬ҲֻΪѰһӰֻһӰҲҪת񷣬ȥ
ʱţһΣʮ꣬ʮꡭЫӽڣһһʮĵȴᶨУߣѡ
޷ٵȣԪֻʣ˲ʮ꣬ҲٵȣΪѾ̽ţ˿һһһʮ꣬Ҫ֪ⲻǴǱչأ
ֵѾȫķˣ׼ѾħЫӣͿջ
Ԫڣһ̣ԪҲᱻӵϵЫȫɣΪ֣Ĵ۵ĥ˿Լ֣
һһʮһ죬߻վӣԵԽӾңħʹߵ£ڵĿռ䣬ȥˡ
ʱǿԵԶȥЫӽڣ΢
ɫռڣһƬƻصУߵӰ߳·ЫӸǵģѾ֮Ĭ˰졣
Ҳ֪ǷҵôϷܾ͡Ļ£һٶ꣬Ϸ
ţ޺ħ޵ĽսħʹߵĸӦѾĳ̶ȡ߻ﻺ˵ʱһ¡
ãٴλصɫĿռڡ
ͣôϣ㣬ٻ컯󣬲ҪΪħޡһ㣬㻹ǴڣϷҲԥ컯
ૣ͸һɲɣƣ
Ѿܴˣò˼ʮȥЩ£ۺ֮ۡһʹػ
ϣԴӦЫĹǻң͵ݣΪһļҡ߻͸һû䣬ͬǰһ㣬͸һ˵ϡ

ڵϣ˿ȴһöɫΪΨļſʹãҪã˻֮⣬оǲܵ񲨶
ⷬУаĲͻ̺ԥɱǰͣ
̽
仰ãеû˿ķӦ˿̧ͷ·ɫЫӣȻҧһѪ
Ѫһ֣ɢ·ʱɫĿռ䣬ЩеЫ˻ĺˣѱǸǵǿήؼһ㣬¶
˵ԴȱһૣȻ̧⣬ȴұ۳ɫëֱ۸ɿݣ͸ζ
˿ֱϵɫëȫ䣬һƬâұֱۣڻɫӣƯ
飬Ӧÿ۳ԴдϢǰһӣȴֱȥһüģһؿڣһֱ䵤ʧ
ȫ˲䣬ֵȻһһƬɫĹâ̴ڴĿ˸
ǹâɣɢ֮ܵЫ˻ˣǹâУâ˸ʱֵϣһƾճָǡ
ֺ֮ƳΪһˣһ
ʱţû뿪ϥһԣֵ壬ɫΪأһ룬˿ʵֵĻᣬ˵ΪҪ
ϵǲ㱡Ļʼûа仯ߵ˫ڣ¶졣
ȻֻڵԴСɶѡûУȻ̧һѰüģһק䣬ֶΣקɳ
ɳɰɫ·մȾѪһ㡣
ڵɳ̾һһķѼռ̺ôĪԴ֮Уɳ浱꿪ٳĵһ½ʱľԴɳ֮
Ǿɳ⣬УգɾԴ֮һһ½޽ݻʳǣ
ＫΪأۿߣҲΪټû˿ԥǰһ˦һɳֱ֡
ɳڵɲǣֵ̺ȴǲ㱡Ļۿɼٶȼٱת֮£ͰֵڣγһɴС
ɢŨԴ֮ά˾󣬼ȫʧ˲䣬Ȼٴɢ˰˴Σʧȥá
ʧȥõһ˲ڶɳٶٴУ¡£ֵ⣬ԴϢһٴѭ
һΣֱѭ˾ŴΣǵھŴɵɲǣֵڣɢԴ֮ڣȻ˵ھŵԴ
һлûнǵھŵԴֺɳڴڵıԴ֮ûȫɢȥǺǵھŵԴУⱾԴٵĳȥ
ɫ͵վӣ̧һӼ䣬̵ɳֱ֣ӿڵɲǣԴ֮Ȼĳ̶ȣתۼʹӴǿήУɲǻָڵһƣȫת
ԴͣԵɳڵбԴֵ֮ڣȻ۳߱Դļ
ֻûֵ־ɢ룬ʼ޷۳ֻҪԪıɢһռԴԴӴ֮󣬱Ϊ߱Դ֮ޣ
߱ԴΪǿ۷壬ʵҲֹ
˵˿ӵ˾ŵԴԪֻҪ֣̾ͻŵԴ
ڣ֮ԴⱾԴжĵȫʵ֮Դ֮Դ޷ĵʵ֮Դȴǿԣɫ¶˷뼤


1896 컯
Ϸһ׼Щ֮ڿõˣ˫Ŀһ̧϶ദλĻ
ÿһĻ£֮ɢƯܣɢĿĹâ壬ͬһһһ׼ĴƷ
ЩȫΪ˸ħЫ׼ķʽӡһļڣԼԸûκηȡЩƷΨΪ˴ĳ̶ȣſ
˵Ȼǵһһ࣬Բұ˾֦Ӵ˼Ѵݻ٣ǰһץ̱һɢɣϢĺɫ֦һץС
½ϣΪټһĪĴۣŻ֮˿ԥһ˦֮䣬֦ɢһֱ֮
ٽɲǣ֦̱һƬɫķĩȫһĩɢͬʱӵһγһõ˿ߣ˲ֺëڣУܵһγһڣܼĴ
ѪУʹȫ죬䶯һɼΪ͵ĸо壬ѾѰĹ֮壬Ϊ̣ӵԣѴݻ١
˫ĿϬûѹ˵壬ǿȴȱǹǿ֮ұ⵱ĩħһսħЫβɼƬΪϣ
Ӵ֮󣬴һĿ⣬Ϳѹʿħһ㣬ϵ˫Ŀ͸һӼ䣬ǰһƴСĽƬֱֶȥ
Ƭ֪ɺƽľľһиɫķģȴһɷϢƣһɢʱʹɫռ䣬ɲ޾֮ڡ
⽣Х䣬ɨɫռ䣬ʹüȫâֱӱͬʱЩâЫӣǷ˴̶˻ɫƬΪη塣
ǽƬɲٽڣʱڻһƽɫϢɢȫλá
һ˲䣬ֵϺȻһ֮ѹʵһ㣬һɼǿѹ֮һ˿Ԫûвٿ壬ĻԪΪѹ춯أ
ħʹߣҲǷ׷ɫһ䣬Ŀ⣬¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ľǹ֮ħ˵ǿҪ壬ΪҪ֮壬һ˵壬в
˵ɹͬ壬ѪԽǾԽųҪ䲻ų⣬赥ٳһ˷ħ˽ٺ󣬴ﵽ۷ΪУ˫۷֮ɫŨһ˦ǰƬҶɢ֮еĵҩһɫѪ˿Լɫʯͷȫ˦֡
ЩƷÿһǼΪ֮óȥʿᣬ˿̣ȴû˿ʹȫ˦֣ǰȻĩڣЩƷУѪɫϸΪأ淢˿
Ѱ䣬ȴǺз֮Խնϣ˿Ƿ˿Ѫںϣھ󣬻Ƴһѭβӵһɲǣڣڶ
˾һɣֻԪ뿪ػٿͿͬʱʩչͨΪδп֮ˣ
ⳡ컯ֵĶҲķסˣһлԶԶûнһ׼ֻЩ
ħһһֿնصķ˱򲻺ãһ֮ɱħ⡣
꣬ϵռ׼Ȼҵؼ䣬ĲϣϣۣԸַʽŪʮѹ֮һ˿꣬һһ
˵δ٣һɽٳɹ̾ͻΪôĶ֮˫Ŀ͸âǰȻһӣȴһƬȻֱֶܺȥģ䣬Կڣһεĵ
ǵӣͬһļǣĿģ
ּķûκδռԽɣΨѡһںϲſɣעҪħռݣұֹΪ´
Ӵ֮󣬴˵½
߷Уȴڣֱм۹ȥʹֱֵ֣ӳΪ˺ɫһɫı˪Ǳ˪֮ͬһ㣡
ǵһϥ壬ϣڣһѾų߳ȻѪڳ


1897 ħ¯
ڴ˵ֵɲǣɫռһ籩Ƿ籩Хˣ֮£ȴռ˷ʱһƬ㸲ǣϵӲ֪Ǻɣһٽ̱ڵ⡣
ħʹߣȴûı⺮˲䣬ɫޱ䣬ȫʱ㣬üëҲɲǳɱ
ɫ԰ףеͺһתȫΪǿֿ
⻹Ԫɢڴ˵Ϊ󣬴˵һأ
һ䣬û̺Ķʮѹ֮γһĻɵص𺳣ħʹߣͺѵֿ
ǿսٺڣ˵Ҳһս·磡
Ψħ˷ӵУڵɫĺ˫Ŀ¶˷֮âǴѪ֮˻ȥֱʧڣ˿ӰɵĴЦ
ЦЦţ־ҵĿԣȳѪѾ̫ѿ;ƿݡ
ڶ˵ھŵԴԣ˫Ŀѹڶһ淢˿ɾֹǶһ֮ѾҪ
ıԴֻߣһˮԴ֮壬ұ׼Ϊ壬ľ߱Դ
Уִһ˦ʱƯƷɢĿâ
ɺĸУȴһɫâ˸ǹâڣһžˮԴ֮ɢڵʲôⱾԴϢǿȴܵͬʱɫĿռ䣬˲ˮ
һ壬ϧһսӶΪľħ֮ʱ׳ʹħЫ֮á
˿̣ȴǺԥģΪֵó
ˮһӣȴڶƯ֮ＱٶֱֶȥһɫĴƿֻһˮҺ
֮һУռ֮ΣԴ£ȡǴ֮ˮ۶ɣﱾãȴ̺ˮԴ֮
Һ
ˮ֮Ѫ
ˮԴ
ߵͺ£ܵƯƷһһɳٽ֮ʱȫȻֱȥѸٵڣȻ̵ѪҺУɢŨˮԴ֮ʹڵˮԴһ˲䣬ı
ӵĳ̶ȣΨǶڣõĶٳвƵĸоԼˮԴһ޷ݵķʽˮԴ
ЩˮԴ֮ÿһǼΪԼҪȥãҪǧ귽ɣһЩƷȻΪټ޷ҵκ
˿̣ȴⳡ컯Уͻĳֵǰڡ
ˮԴȻγԽӵʵšֻĳ̶ȣв࣬߼Ȼֵ۵㹻İա
͵ҧ⣬һѪһѪµӲѪ̺ģһ崫еڡ
֮⣬һѪԪȫһѪҺУһƬѪȫ
߲ûнҧ֮£ٴѪķڶԪ
Ѫ̺һĴ֮ĺۼڵɲǣȻһˮԴۣʹڵѪҺҲٵת
ʱȥת۱£ºһ죬ֵڱ˾һˮԴϢϢУУ˵ľ
ˮԴ
˿ͬ˯ûκ־ڣֻһͿԽٿأΪشܣ
ڵȣ
һ껪ıƴӮһ֣ӮȥȴΪκ֮ĶҪƴ
׼ڵƷѾϽ룬˿̻ʣƯɢ͵Ĺâ
ڵףȴб˷Լֻʣ˲ʮԼΪ˸ĴۣƣΨһͷҪۿħ˽٣ħЫ
Ѿħ˱ضϲôҪ壬ħ˶ǰ׼ȫʺħ˵Ы壡ִһ˦Ư֮ȫ֣ȻУһƬĩֵͬʱ
ȴɫռ䣬ȻЫӣ˻âֱֶȥܵ˲䣬ɫռȻֵۣ⣬Ȼһ޴ɫ¯
¯ǧɴСغ¯һ㣬ȴͨɫ̺˴ЫϢ̺µȫƷȫһ𣬷γҪħ¯
ħʹߣΪ𣬸Ϸ¯߿УɳƵ͸
Եħʹߣû˿ԥһϥħ¯ԣ˫УԪȻƮħ¯Ԫ֮Դ棬մ¯
ħ¯ֵɲǣֵ壬Ȼһžž֮ɢܵͬʱȴ¯ڣɢһ˿˿˷ڣÿһڣ̺һɾ֮
ⲻǹ֮ҲϢһ֮ħЫͬҲ֣
һ޾֮ĳڣгϵţֵ˿̾ͬһ޵׶һ㣬ЩϢȫɽ
Ԫı£ԽԽ֮¶֮ɫȴסûȥա
˿ֻҪһԪٿͿЩ֮ʹΪ˱ȼ֮ֻڵȣҪȸ֮С
һٶ꣬Ϊһε컯Ԫǰ֣У컯ͻٺܶࡣ
ʱţڵ֮ԽԽ࣬󣬼ȫÿһѪⶼռص֣ڵȣ
һꡢꡢꡭ
תۼ䣬ʮ꣡
ʮʱУϥħ¯⣬˫ͨ죬¯ӣԼһһεϣԪѾ࣬ѾҪȥҪȥħһ˲
Ǵʱ˿̣Ыӽ⣬һٶ˳ֵУ˸٣Ҳˡ
缫ΪСģٽڹâУʶ֮ˣţˣ
һļƻ֪ΪΣһٶ꣬񷽲¿չ


1898 
ħ¯⣬ʮ֮Ԫ֮ħʹߣǵԪΪήң޷һ
պһħʹߵԪһԪ֮ɢʧȥ˹ʣһԣȫ
㣬һħʹߵԪҲУɢˡ
߶ħʹûߵİĿߴ˿ȫɢζȻڰ֮Уһ֧ţɹȥ
˫Ŀͨ죬ʮļ˷ܣδµŵļ٣ԽԽֱ࣬˿̣ȫı
ӣϥıɹݣ̧ͷУڲϣ͸ɳƵĴڡ
ħݣħˣѽ١ūԴ׸ħ˶Ḵ˵ţнصһϵȴܣ˷
ģЫӽȻ䣬һɼΪӴĻϢЫӽϣ·һ㣬ɢ
߼̧ͷϿգȴЫӽ䲻ϵزУɫ֮ӾŸٺХħ¯ϷŹϢۣȻһ޴֮Ӱ
֮Ӱǧ֮󣬺ȻһֻɫЫӣ
Ыȫ˴˺ۣϢ΢ȴһ޷ݵѹȻɢѹ£ħ޶͵һ
ӰħЫѹ֮һ֣޷ѹ뿪˿۳ģֻֻ꣬ԷֻӵͿȥԼѹ꣬ӶĴﵽĳ̶ȣ
Ǿ޴ЫӻӰ˱˫ۣĿ͸һ飬һϴڣĿ·һɨ
ٻ𡭡һڻصͬһڳ֮̾һ㡣
ֻҲزס˿Ы£һͿɱ
߶ʱӲǻӰߵݡ
ūݼħˣħˣū׼ɹ˶Ḵû˿Ԫ񣬲Ӱ˵Ľ٣ɫ͸޾˷ܣҲɳơ
֪ħЫѹΪǴ˿̷ֻ֣ǲаʧʶ֮ǰŻ̽ΪһڻԪħЫĶᣬֱʣ
ıʣпܹһñħЫٱش
߻ص䣬Ϸ۳ħЫӰ޴һת˫Ŀ͵Ŀ·ħ¯Ŀʵһ㣬ֱӾͿ¯ڵ֡
ĿֵɨŴΣȻҲܲĴڣûзǱصԪ
ãǾ޴ħЫջػĿ
ħˣūѾ˸죬ϴ֮ǰҪûһ˿Ԫڣ߹Ŀڡ
㡭ܲ𸴻󣬻ʹ͡Ͽվ޴ЫӻӰ󲨶ȻһԵӻһƬĹ⣬ֱħ¯ȥ͸¯֣ɲǼ䣬ٽ
µԪ񣬻ûж
ʮʱ䣬ʼڵȣȵģⳡ컯һ󵨵ͷ˽Сģ̽˵һԪڣɶʧܣħЫ޷
ȻˣԾһĵףȵģħЫ٣ħЫҪͬҪħЫ
Ыӻ꿴ǿ󣬵ʵϣ˱ѹǷֻħЫɲٽȴû̽ռݣʶһκɨκŷ˷ֱ
תۼ䣬ħЫһĽ뵽ڣûѡ̶ᣬǽںٴνĹ۲
ʱţת۱죬ħЫ꣬۲ŽֽһЩЫڣɢСĵӣֻҪаߣͻѡӶݶȥ
ֵԪ񣬵ȴǿԿֿЫ꣬ԼڣɢȴʼûжᣬȻЫӵĽȻ˼һ
Ҳ˵Ȼ˼㣡
ֵԪûжڵȣǴ˿֣ЫûжᣬҪ뿪ףһȥжᣬ޷뿪ʱõĻᣡ
Ԫ¶⣬֪ЫԼΪΣָо£һμ컯
㹻ģԼΪնȥһε컯
ħ¯⣬߼ĵȴţڵħЫ˶¸һĻܿһĻԺЦȪ֮¡
ħЫʧȥԣӴĻӰڣռݵķΧҲԽԽ࣬ռ߳ɡ
ģƷʼ˶ᣬڵĻӰ˲ͬһ㣬ɢֱԺȥڽԺ˲䣬ûз˿Ԫĺۼ˷
ȴô꣬ڵȵڿԽжᣡҪ֪½ʿûԪҲ޷ᣬڴ˵صܶģΨͬʿ֮壡
˿̵ޱӰУֵԺڣһЫӵӰۣһӰȫ۳˶ᣡ
Ӱո۳һɲǣͻȻ֮䣬ڣֱصԪ񣬺ȻڣȻɢ
ɢ˲䣬ֱͷЫ۵ĵطٶȥɲٽеЫ꣬Ȼɶȥ
ûͨûзеֻǳɣЫ귢Уû뵽ڣȻԪڣ֮£ͻȻ𺳡
ܼΪ˿Уȴ̷ֵԪڣչ˷ɡ
û˿׼׼һٶ꣬˿УָǷһеɡ
ʱɲţһЫɣȻ˼Ϊյĳ̶ȣЫ겻ϵļУǷֻ׼һٶķȣ롣
ڷһĻ˸ܲߴ˿ؿħ¯Ȼ˴ӰħҵĲһĻһ㶡
ǡ󲻳Ϊħ˵ĶᣬĲӣЩһ㣬ܿ죬ҲȻ
Ǵ˲̫ĸ죬ҪڶУٴθһԽԽȷ¶΢ЦܱħԸ죬Ҳ˵ļֵ
Цħ¯ϣҵЫ꣬Цݸʢ
ڣϢУЫȻ˲ΣԽԽ׼һٶ꣬ȴһٶ꣬컯٣ܷŹҪԼЫ꣡
ֵķЫ˼ؿ־壬˿У⣬һƷֻ۳Ϊ⣬һֻɢûκѵĻᡣ
˿̶ĶǼһ壬Ȼ֮һ㣬ȥһоΪǼ룡
һЫ귢ļУˣȴǽ׷ᣬϵɣһһУЫԽԽ֡
ò뿪ֵͷҪɲǣֱֺݺݵһڣĲҽУڼӴӣ˿ȻСһ㣬ֱֺղ̶ֻȥ
һĻУˣ¶ãȻ
Ы뿪Ԫȫϥħ¯ڵ˫ۣһٶУȻ
˫Ŀɲǣغܵħ¯ȻƬͬʱһԾ
ֵͺȴĿ죬ȻһӰһһĻ
ֻ䣬ĿǱħȫ۶Դֵ־󣬺Ȼۣ
һȣʮǧëڣɢâɲγ˵߱Դ
ˮԴˮԴֵѪҺ֮ڣ˿仰ȴѪܹںâĿУֵԣһӰûӰתʵȻֵĵľ߱Դ
Ĵһƾ춯أ˿Ϊ糣ֻƽһУͿԱ
£ȴƽ֮ʱĴֵɲǣ˫ĿͻȻ⣬⣬̺һɾѹ֮͵ĿӶݵЫ꣡
Ы귢УܵĿڣȻ̲һɵɼ֮Ŀһɨ̻Ӱ
ʱȣûаͣ٣Ȼ̧һʹУһѹǵֱųȻ̧䣬ĸԴȻȫˣһƳ˾ų֣ЫȻһն
ߣؿһĻһѪŭ˫ĿʱǱԼ


1899 ף
Һްߣǰһһ仰Ȼһеľǿ־ȻԼѹĿԼնħЫ
һĻñԪŭģһѪ
ּͲϵѹصĿ⣬淢˿γɵľһǸִرԴ۳
һУġ
ŭ˫ۣߣ˫Ŀ͸޾ĺޣǺһ㣬˿ȻɺȫҪһ㡣
ϾȥߣԾУƹģ́ȻһնĴԴͬʱóХ֣ǷУӶݵħЫ꣬ݺݵһնȥ
ħЫڣҲͬ޷ݵĺޣߣԼôܻ³˿ɺ޷йΣУйһɷŭħЫٶӡ
ԶԶһһĻΪˣȴħ¯ıڼǵƬ籩ܺɨħЫռмߣһͷ׷Ʈ裬˫Ŀ̺ϣȻ̧һƻصƣĴһն
ҲʱвƻصȴХȴ¶ӵһɲǣˣһ޷ŵĿ⣬һĻ
ٵˣţ޳⣬ţӵߣݷ⣬ƼѣǱߣ
ˣ֪ΪһٶĽ죬ħЫһ·˵ڽЫȴһ·ƽ̹û˿Ы
ɵȴǵģȴһһ
֣ȻݷƼѣһ㶡
ô˫ͫ¶𺳡
ȴһɨһЫļУ̴ﵽҵĲУҪҪԵģһͬԴһ嵶죡
һХЫȫŤҪУڶХЫ޷㣬͵תɲǣĵ嵶ն
¡һ˲侪춯أȴЫ֮УȻ嵶նϣֳ֡
·Ĳ֣͵һ֮£˿˿ֱϣʹһʱ֮ңһ㡣
µ֣ԶȥĲҽУӶݣʧЫӽڣ֪ȥ
ܽΨݷ˵ĺžЫ
վڰգܿĻ֮ͼջֱ۴ϸĻֵ֮ڲɫƽֻվĸĮıԴĿٵݷɨ
뿪ﲻֻ࣬һ䣬˵˻ͬʱȴǴڣһɾƣĿ⣬һɨ䣬ݷϣݷһ𣬺ȫֿ͸һ㣬û˿أͬѹĴ
ָоһ־ʧĻʱһﶼ޷˵
ͬĸоҲƼѵУɫ԰ף֣ôҲţһٶֵ꣬Ŀ⾹Ȼ˿ֲ
Ŀ⣬͸һɷ˺֮ɻѹʹһбĿɨߣȻ
ȣǱƵĸܸΪǿңֽսƣ˿ûпһɨ֮£ǱȻһͬʹʶĵŵŵ˺ɫֱɷףͷˮߺϣƱֻʣԼѹǿҸо
ܵѹԼĲ񷣬ǶԷĿڶԷĿڣ·һѽ˽δȫ֣һȫ֣ԼᱻԷĿ⣬˺飬ķѣ
оǿҵҪ񣬾޷ܵɲǣֵһ뿪ͬطƲһУ˺ֱ˳ǧ⣬Ż͹ȫȻˮʪϣһƬ⡣
һͬ뿪ģݷƼѣֻ𶯣ûбĿѹ˿̾˺󣬵ȴûǰǱֻݷļΪɬôҲû뵽һٶĽ죬ٴο֣ȻһĻ
˳ĬУˣȴû뿪ЫھֺԶĵطͣǻûɣЫûȫ
ֵֻĴڣǲƼѿԶ˫޷֮ɫĬǻҡ
Ҳ˵վڰգĿϣߣɫƽ˶İֻܴһ⣬ΪԼΪأ
ˣǶٴ컯ҲамҪջĿ⣬ֺȻһٴϸȥ
Ŀ£Ŀߵʬϣһ˿˿ĺɢͷһƬƴСĺдĺ⣬̺ıʹһӾ
ǡһʶɢǺ֣ڸոƬɲǣͻȻһɳķ˻Ȼ
Һް
Һܰ
֮Ҳһ˫ĿͻȻ⡣
꣡󣬾ȻǿĹ꣡Ʒʣڼԭɱսʿõǹ껹ҪǿֹΪƷ۷壬޵ĽӽƷ֮꣡
Ŀ˸ֲ˼ִһ˦ߵĹ꣬ͻһƬţֱ֣ߣ
д˻꣬ټ֮ǰڼԭõĹ꣬ģһ˽ƾƷĹ
ĹеĴŻɽ죬ԷӳӽƷĻ
ߣֶ컯Զ֡
߹꣬ɫЩŹ֣ߣ˸ӣŶԷµʬ壬̾һ
һ˦䣬ߵʬ壬ɢһƬɻʧֻǵϵۣһ
ץۣʶɨ죬ʶȻ޷͸ڲһְʣΨһ֮ۣҲ
һ߿νǳ׵ףȫ׸֡
Ŀ˸Ϊļ˫¶һ˿˷뼤
һΪ컯ҿߵʲô̶ȣ֮ǰΪ̫ϣһΣվ½ĸߴ
ǵħڣģԣһٶУɫ͸һɱ۾ͿԿһϤͷ裬ԼܣÿһͷǼԭϣ֮ˡ


1900 Ϊ
ϥܣĴԴƽػĴڣֿԾžЫڣȥʹΪ
֮ǰΪȻﵽ˿۷壬˵ԴɣһԴΪͬ츲һ㣬ڲ߱Դǻ˵ھŵԴ
ھŵԴΪҪΪؼ֮
ӵ˾ŵԴ١ơɱ¾סˮ
˫¶⣬ϥܵĴڣɢԴ֮УھŵԴתתԽԽ죬ſ磬ȥ
һ֮໥֮ȴ𼫴󣡿ʿصǱҪӵһ鱾Դɴﵽ
һΪﵽ˿͵̤뵽ǿ֮У½ϣȴʮ˵ʿҲ㹻ʵҪǣһΪ˿磬ͿԳΪʩչһЩ֮ͨ˵ô󣬵ΪȴǿʹΪǰһ󲽣
ھŵԴȻתϵת֮£ϥ壬Ŀ۷ϢȻӵٶȣΪ£ת֮£ֵϷ֮Ӱ
һƬƵмתھŵԴһٶȣת£ֵԪ񣬺ɱһ㣬ɢ˴Ŀ֮ââֵ˸ȴ͸Ƥ¶⡣
֣ͨ͸һһ˵ϣһɲǣΪں䣬Ȼӿ۷壬ֱӳƣ˿ڣ
ڽڵɲǣֵĸУ˸ı䣬ܶǰģĵطһ˲
˫ۣܣĿ¶֮â
˵ֻһɣҵĿ̤꣬ս٣ૣ˵ֻһ̶ѣ˿̻õ컯ڻ۵ħ¯ڶ֮һԪգΪٴα
ҪǣӵоŵԴҪģǾŵԴһһ㣬ͿȥԾŴ٣
һٶȹֽΪսٴ𣡣
˫¶֮ɫΪ컯Ѿ˺ܾãŹ˿ֲ˼У˫ǰȻһָ
ŴԴһ֮һָ֮䣬ȴܵĻ汾ԴԴˮԴԴһ𣬸Դ飬ɢıԴϢ
ԴϢǰתԶԶһתڻâ˸һƬˮƻص
֣бԴһֱԴһΪҴﵽڵǾﵽ˱Դĳ̶ȣһ֮󣡡Ŀ¶֮â˫УǰԴϢٴתˮݺᣬز
бԴⲻϵתУ˴˺Ȼײһײ֮£غԴûںϣȻɢ
ĿһҧһѪѪΪճ֮ٴβٿԴйһںϣ
ˮ֮ԴԴΪý飬ûˮͬҲûټһھԪ֮Ѫֵ̺־ҾͲţԴڣֵͺУ˫ּǰĳ
ǰԴУ죬ȴڳһĻĻ֮ӰǻӰڣʱˮʱǷջ𺣣ˮ𣬶ڱ˴˽䣬һƬصɳ
ڣʱţԴڣǻӰ˸ԽԽ죬֮ۻ߿ѪУȴԴУȻ۵ļУִ񣬲ٿԴǧεײţ
ֹ죬һ춯صĺ¡£ԴȻںûӰ˸УɼɳˮصһγһĻĻ
ǻĻڣм䣬Ϊ𺣣ΪŭˮԴΪģ˴˳˲䣬ǰԴȻһУ˴ǱԴϢںϺȻһγһ壡
Դۣ³ֵ̺סԴµıԴȻڶһ㣬Ѿ֮Ϊһз
Դں϶ֵɲǣڵԪ񣬺Ȼתۻ֮ϣǱѾǿڵΪϢȻ
ſڣȥһ̳һºֵĿзһХⳤХ䣬ΪǿڣǴﵽ˿ڣ
δһڶ̶µʱ䣬ӿڴﵽڣһǴ˳ȥֱضĿ
һУ˵ֻǿʼԶԶûн
ɱ¾ԴƱԴⱾԴһ֣ⱾԴѱ˴ںϣԴΪ׻˿ߣⱾԴʱںϺ󣬾ͿҵΪٴﵽڣ
ԴѾǿĳ̶ȣⱾԴһͿһ㣡УĿһ䣬ȴ˫ĿڵͫϣѪɫϸ˿Ȼ˸Ӱ˽ƱԴǰͬʱڣһɱ¾ʹܺУɱ¾ԴХ
ⱾԴǰת䣬̧һָԱϥ
Ȼ˫ۣĿһμ䣬̴״̬һϸ磬ֱɱ¾ƱԴȥԴ佻ϣͬϸ˿һ㽫ⱾԴӣչ˼ٵۣ
ۣ֮бԴΪѣһºֳУһֱ޷ɹɱ¾ԴΪԵǽƱԴһ˴˸ͺںϡ
˫Ѫ˿ǰԴüͷԴںϣҵܿͿɣһԣ³ٶ࣬ҲȻɡ
ϧֻⱾԴһһЩ£޷ٵȥȻⱾԴ޷ںϣôͻһȫױԴϣ¶⣬ı˷ԴΪΪ壬ȥںⱾԴ
˫УһԪѪԴϣ̺־Ѫȫ쿪˫ֱ֣ɱ¾ԴƱԴȥ
ɱ¾
ڽƣ
һɹױԴͻͽ̺ԴҲ˸ı䣬ֻ飬Ϊֲ֪ᷢʲô֪ʲôĸı䣬Ҫô
ʱһΣ£ºһ죬ǰԴһɾ֮ɹںɱ¾ں˽ԼУ¡£Ϊ֮һ㶵ľ˱仯


1901 ף
ף֮û֮һΨһ
Ϊ嫾֮ϣżڷҲҪǾ춯صĺǺ¡죬ͬŭһ㣡
ֵױԴԴڰ̫ǰ̫Ϊʹ֮ȨĻ
̫Ϊӵ˱Դѿ˺һ·Ĳ䱾Դ˾۷ֻһ֮ң
һ¾۰֮ף֮֮꣬ףȫһʹԴһ̣޵Ľӽڴɣ
˺½ϣһٶǰЫڣӵвͬױԴĵħϧһдۣȫɢ֮ڣ׵飡
ֵһΪۣʹڵԴ˷츲صĸı䣬۳ΪԴ֮壡
־ֻ־֣־ڣ
ԼҲδϵеһξٶȻʹԴ˾ı仯
ɱ¾ԴⱾԴһ֣˱Դ֮Σޱ޼ʵɱ¾ɣҲǺȥɱǴĳȥɱ¾󣬷γɵⱾԴ֮һ
ɱ¾Դ̺޷ݵɷɷԸıתѰԴ٣ǿ
ˮһɱ¾ԴͿԷսΪ֮ߣɴ˿ɼһߡ
ɱ¾Դʹõʱ򲢲࣬󲿷ֵʱ򣬶ǳΪƵĸƷԴɲǣȴȻı䣡
ָı䣬󲻵ؼ䣬飬ɱ¾ںϣγɱ¾֮ףףھ֮ϣһ㣡
Ҫǣɱ¾֮ףӵʹֵһʱ䣬ʹɵḶ́
ϵĴ˵УһŭĴţУʱ򣬾ǳͷһãΨ֮ʱŻɱ¾֮ס
ֵɱ¾ԴںϺɱ¾ԴڵĸԴɱ¾ں֮УεĸıʹںУȻһó֣˵Ͳܱʿյģŭɱ¾ף
ִǰԴܣۿһ˿һ磬ʶУȴĸܵ⣬һΪµ֮ڻת
һӵͷƤһǣɢᾪ
һĭֵµԼľٶ۳һΪֲ
һɢҲᱻָоΪǿңǿҵֹͣںϵĳ嶯
ļ֮⣬Ͳóؼ䣡˵ԶԶûеֵʱ
ܣת䣬΢žž֮žЫڣͫںУ˲ȵļ
ɢһ˿ϢɲǼʹЫɢֱħޣħڣ飬һһַҪĴ
ֻһ˿ϢոɢħޣʧһжɲǼ䷢޷󣬸ûκһע⣡
һױħޡֺпֲʱ򣬵һΣȴǱԼһֲˣ
ɱ¾ȵɲǣֵԴǽƱԴʼںϡƱԴǷǹںУƻһԴϡ
йз򣬵뷨ȴظ裬˿̣ӵֵ־ڼƱԴĴڣʹֵȻ䣬ûκص֣ǳ׵׵ģıˣ
ָıĽӵֵĹ뷨ɱ¾֮ףкһ㣬ڣǲȵļҲ˻͡
̶̵ʱڣֶͷȻڳ˺ˮǰⱾԴͬһ㡣
ӣ֮ǰû˿ı仯ƽվֿȥȴǷ츲һ㣬Ϊͬ
˿ĺۼ⣬ںϵĽƱԴһɱ¾
ߡǻһޡֶԼıԴĬ
ĳĬУںϣڣѾﵽ˿ڵΪתȻγһɷ籩⣬мת
ÿһεתֵΪϢ֮ܵǻ۵ıħЫ
Ϊֵ£ְ׷紵Ʈ䣬ڷ죬˼˫ĿڣâɶΪϵֱﵽ۷ڴ졣
ΪȻ䣬ӿڣֱӳ忪뵽˿ڵľ磡
ڣ
˫Ŀĳ˼һɢȡ֮ģһƬϵļᶨ
ɱ¾ĳ֣оֵһɲǣľľС󲿷֣ȴ׵ĳ֣ܳһЩ仯
ֱ仯ûκ˿ԸӦǴҲУΨ֣죬Դӵ־뷨
ȥ˼£ֵĿ⣬Ϊﵽ˿ʱ֮Դ
٣
֮ԴһںΪһ壬־ŵԴʱΪٴαڣֱӳ嵽ԲȥǾŴ٣
һͻ˾Ŵ٣̤֮УΪսʿ
սΪ˿սٳڣսսٴԲԳΪؼ䣬£һˣ
˵Ϊ𣡣
Ϊʵ½ڣκεطȥκ˿
Ϊ֣½ʮǿ
ħЫڣŵԴһ֮ʣµ֮Դʱħ⣬⣬⡭½⡭
½죬⣬һƬǿհޡ
ƬУ½ΪңԶĵطһƬ޵Ĵ½һƬ½޷Ƚϣֻвʮ֮һĴСûκĺۼһƬš
УԿ½ϣһķ棬ܶǰд飬ȴһ֮Уȫ
Ƭ½룬һΪķǣһ޴ĵһŮӣ˿̣ȴ̮˴룬ֻʣ˰ӣϣϥһӡ
ӣòѰȴһͷĿĵĳ䳤£Ȼн֮˳̮˴ĵһֱš
Դɱ¾ԴںϺ󣬵ɱ¾֮׵һ˲䣬ӣƴĳ˯У˫ۡ
˫ĿڣûͫףֻһƬŵޡ
̧ͷԶ˫Ŀڽ˾һ


1902 ¥̨
ǰһѡӿԶ֮죬ͷĿƬɨɢʶʶ֮ǿڸһɢɲǣʱ½ÿһء
ǵãںܾúܾ֮ǰԼȫɱմ˵ڱչ֮С
ļ㣬Ӧٺѣ˿̣ȴǰһٵʱ䡣
ķ򣬴ļ¶ʹǰѡͬϢĪ࣬ɡӳĬ
ƾõļУƶǸϢķһЩģ˼
Ӧػһڡ˼Ƭ̺󣬻վӣɲǣһƬĹ˸һɫĳۣǳףֻǾ˵ĳһķʽ͸˳ۣش¡
һΣȥһͷƮ裬ԶԶһһŴ˽գģ⣬һӰƶ·ӻһֱվͷХȥǰеķǾＫΪңԶģ½
ٶȣȥ½Ҳ֮ã
Ҳᣬ½ħڣЫǰ鱾Դ˫̧֮£ǰȻһָ
һָ֮У֮Դ໥һ𣬻ںԴƾãǴڣ⾳е
Դڵһλеѿڵڶλۣڵλдɣ
٣໥Ӧ໥仯ֵǰںš
Уֿȸǣ˴ţˡ
УֿüƽԼΪ׵һĻĻ
УյʮһΣϤס
֮Դ˵ȻǱԴһˣһ֮У
⾳뷲⾳⾳
Уã˼ڣϵӡ֤ҵĵջ٣Уҳ֮ڡ
֮֮٣֮󡭡ǡ
鱾ԴںϣѣҶҶҡΪУ̧ǰһӣһӼ䣬ǰ鱾ԴȻת˴˴ںϡ
ںУǱԴ棬˴ӳһֱ̣Լһ
Լڸĸǰ˻һĻ
ԼĽ壬ŭУĽ۽ǣڱϵɲǣµ˵ϡ
ϡƿһµĴϣһεĻ
ڵ֪üӺ󣬿ԹĺӣʹһѪ
ٻ÷ԼʯϣʮѪĨ֮ᣬºİ˵һ֪
ҵһ̾գ֮ԴںУ˲ɣ
ʱţĿתԼļУ鱾ԴϢ䣬ȫںһ
Դںϣһ֮γһƳּ˿ߣһΣƮ֣ӡĶͷ
⻷ӡɲǣе׷Ȼɢȡ֮ģһƬ⡣
⾫УڵΪϢٴαΪȻ˿ڣ˿̱֮£ڻ۵ħЫ֮ȫմ
ħЫֻʧܺ󣬱ɵǴ壬Ҳһ̣ıֱԪ
ЩǲЩ֮ҲֵֻΪȻУ޵ĽӽԲ
ȴ޷ͻƣ޷ȥ֮ȥǾŴٽ٣
Ҫ֮
˫Ŀһֲ˼͵һһ֮£޴Ы⣬֮ȻӿΧҲǣ˾޴Уγ࣬ħڣϵ۳
ֱ仯ʱ˴˿ħϣд֮޵ע⣬ħţ޵ĽսȻβ˴ʿħ޴ڵʿȻ࣡
ⲻʿУȴǾ󲿷֣Ϊ֮ˣ
ǵħڣһٶʱڣ˵˲ŵӣɻн£ǵħȴһٶǰѡ˱չأһٶ꣬ʼû
˿ħĵħЫı仯ʹħϸڣʿܡ
ܸ֮ܵˣ󶼻֪˵ħĴţ˿ֻħ޸λãʮХֱħȥħڣҲɳħȥ֤ħЫһĻ
ħЫܵ࣬µʱ䣬ڣ֮ӿȥܵħʿҿǹ۲У෶Χˡ
˶֮µУȫӿЫڣٵգΪϢԽӵǿвϵºĳһ죬ΪϢȻֵڣкص
ǺУΪӿڣֱ˿۷Բ
ΪĲǾ֮£ټܵħʿɢʶ۲죬ӰħЫĸԼ޷ħŭ𣬹ʶֱҲ˲
Ϊ˿۷˲䣬˫ۣĿ¶һƬµĺâ̧ǰһӣһΣֱ뵽ڡ
ںϵɲǣڵΪٴǿ
ţһӣȴǿֲԴһԾֵȻصһžžУڣΪһ֡
˲䣬ȫɢ˾ƣܵԼǿ󣬴˿̵ǲţҲսٺһս
⻹ûʹɱ¾ǰᣬһϧһдۣʹǿֲɱ¾֮жԼ
д޷գ
ǿĸоˣɢһǿиıʣʹٿ֮ˣûȳ֣Ҫһ
վӣֱ˫̧֣ͷϿգĿԴ͸ЫϵĻʶɢ΢һͿЫ
ݷˣѾ٣Ȼ֮ǰȵʱ̫ãҼͣȥ뿪ˡ
ⲻҪˣ˵ǱƣȻһ㣬ҪԵģǾŴ٣
һٶȹŴ٣Ϊսٴħ£ǿսٺʿҲһԱ˰컯֮Ŀкһ͸һǿ֮
Ͽգڵȣ
ǳΪ٣٣
δ٣˿̵֣㹻ģȥվ¥̨ϣһٵɲǷ
ʸߣ޲ľСǴûɴʱҲˣ֮ˣ


1903 
٣ǿս֮һɱ䣬ٲֻͬΪ̬٣һķʽʿϣγһδεı
ȹȥ𣬹ʶܶʿΪɵõͣڿУҲԸȥԣľľŴ٣
統ε𣬱ڿ۷ͣ˺ܾãʼղȥ̤֮С
һ٣ͬŴ飬ÿ˶ӵС󲿷ֿսʿǧȥһδȹ
ûаտһȥȹŴΣʶÿԼо֮ʱͻǿжϿȥѰٵ컯
٣ǽ٣ͬҲ컯
϶ȹΣԪԱһ϶ȹΣԱȹŴΣԪھǶ٣һߣֻˣˣȫպΪ˴
ǲ˵ֻ֪ļգɴ˿ɼһߡУڵȹŴٺ󣬷׷ˣչ˺ܾá
Ѱʿȹ٣Ҳ̳Ϊսٳеǿߣȴ˵ս۷һս·
ֻ컯˿ԻãȹŴκǧۻȹŴΣȫһ
٣죬޷ȫԼ
Ƕ࣬ѾȹΣȴǷֿȥȣԽԽѣпһֹҲûϣϾһʱȥ׼˵ʱ䣬ܱ࣬һȹҪײ١
ֻǣԽ棬ԽĿ飬ȴͬجΣ˿־塣һ̤Уʱ䵽˺󣬼㲻ȥȣҲ󲻵ʱͻȻ٣Ϊٻ
½ϣ˴¼׼ȷȴһĴһ٣һĻᣬ֮Ӻ󣬵ھŴ٣оŲĿܡ
Ŵ֮УһδȫȹߣΪǿ⣬Ҳռһĳ̶ȡ
վЫӽɫƽŲǰһȥӰһμ䣬뿪˴˵أЫ֮ϣ̤ЫӽָЫβ
һͷ׷Ʈʹִ˿̵Ӱ͸һҪȥƮݣգȴٵĵ
٣ʲôķʽҺڴ˫¶֮âţȴһ٣
ΪתԽԽ죬ʹɢԲ۷ϢϢϵУȻһɻܵķ籩ֱնȥɲǼ䣬һγһ籩
籩ֵɲǣʱγһεѹѹΪģܺɨȥת֮£˷Բһڷɢ
ڣһ飬ȫҪѹºˣа벽
٣һʿȥȣܲκˣ޷
ѹɢڼת֮䣬ܷԲǧǽӽЫԵԶǰħʮħʿ
Щʿ˿һɫ仯ˣر仯ʶȥͿĲڶ٣
٣⡭ôܻѹ
Īħ˸Ϊ䣬ʶҪ¾ٻָ
ħ˵ܱѹΪȻΪǿֻѹ̫ãΪĵ˲١
ʮ˵ħʿһɫ¶˼˱ܿѹȥֻǵʶѹ޷̫ھ
ѹɢǧͬʱĵشЫβϣִݵվգգͻȻһƬƬѩ
ѩɫƮȻ䣬ܿڸ죬γһƬ֮⣬ƶ¼䣬ܡ
ѩֿȥ
ѩԽԽ࣬ܿռأΪǧڣΨһƮ֮УһƬɢܼ䣬ѩڵϣһ㡣
ѩֵɲǣǧħʮʿ׷˫¶⣬Ǹܵһ˿⣬ۿǧڣƮɢѩ
ٵһ٣Ȼѩ٣˽ٲ
پŴΣǰΪ٣Ϊڽ٣Ϊ٣
ҿħˣȥѩ٣
ֿѩɫ糣û̳֣ѩһ㣬ȥһѩ
ѩԽԽܼУʹĺҲûãͻȻؼѩȻһ٣ͬʱ䱻ֹһ֮ڡ
֮ѩһ˲䣬һƬƬѩУ˷ͻȻֵĺХУȻֱֶѩ絶Ȼٽ
ǵһôҡͷ¶ʧ̧ѩХɲǣȻһӡ
һӼ䣬ȴڣȻһɢصӰ˲䣬һ߳
߳һ̣Ǿ޴Ыβϣ׷£һ䣬жһƺǾƺţ޴װŷҾƣߣһڡ
Ӱ͸һɪ׷кҾƣӣǾ½ΪңԶһƬУڰʯϵĺӣ֮
¶ɪĮ
һȫɢ𺣣ǻ𺣺Ȼڷɢγ˾ʮʮܼٳȥٵѩ˲Ϣһʱ֮䣬죬ϣ
ѩܷܺˣ£ɻǲУİѩڻɢתۼܣǾʮڳУѩȫںϵɲǣʮȻһγһɻŻ𺣣ˣֱնȥ
Ȼ䣬ӰͬһĻڣգ
Уٵһٵѩ٣ֱӱ
ֺ̫һھƣҡͷૡ
ȼУͻȻҵĻζпХ֮УȴϣͻȻ˾ŵ籩
Ƿ籩Ǿŵ쫷磬Хպɨʹǻ𺣲ϵɢʹɲУֻʣǾŵ쫷硣
һɼΪǿ֮ŵ쫷ɢǷеʣͬŭһ㣬ΪǧڣΨһ
ʵصУȴǾŵ쫷磬ֱֶһɷ˺֮Ҫ־ڣ˺ѿ
ɲУһ쫷Ȼٽ
ûжվ󣬿쫷£ֱ˵أ˲䣬ֵ塣
Ƿ֣ת˴˺֮壬ɢغ֮ǷУЫβϣǺžƣ򣬰׷Ʈ裬ɫȴ˿䡣
žƣһһУڶĵֱھŵ쫷磬һһ⣬ŵ쫷ȫںһγһ˴Ыӵķ籩һɲǣ̧ͷ
ǡ̫


1904 ټ
ҡͷ֪ζȹѩƲ٣Ʋ֮
һֱ꣬Ҳ޷˺塣
Ѿǵ꣬ߵĸ£ȻΪǿ߱޷ԣǿȵںϣַ٣޷ַֺ
̧ǻ쫷Ȼһץһץ䣬һ˺֮ϴֵ˺У쫷£ֱӴӵһ˵ھŲ㣬ʹŵ쫷磬ֱӱһɨֱɢ
ɢžƣվĮĿգһ
һƬͬģһƬգ䶯У¡֮Ʋڻصһߣʱɲ
ǧʮħʿĿѩٵı˿ѻȸ
֮ԽӾңǽƸǴĳ֣ȫڸǣѹڵ࣬߼䣬Ǻ֮͸һɷ뱩Ű
һУ޷ֶݣƽĺžƣ̧ͷһյĽ磬ȻЦˡ
ףյĽƣ磬ٴҡͷһھơ
ҡͷУյƲڴ죬ȴǽһ䣬һصֱ£һһɾ֮תۼٽҪ׺ɱһ㣡
ң͵̧ͷһͺ
ĺѹһ׽Ȼ𣬸ͺУֵڣһ־־֮
ۿҪµľ޴׽٣͵һȻھֻаʱ̵ƿ־һǵУûйֱ֣սƶȥ
׽٣ֻʩˣ̧սȻһץһץ֮£ƲȻƷ޷ܵĺһƲڷɳֱֶ
ֵǰۣתۼͻһ޴򣬱һ˦Уֱսƣɲ
һ˲侪춯أǽȻû˿ͣ٣ķѣʹյһɲɢ
Σδα
ǧʮħʿǿ֣ȴԸܵٵĶȹ򵥵޷ţ
˵ͷѰʿеУ󶼿ԶȹҲļʵ߳Ԫһ컯
ֻǣ˼򵥾Ͷȹ֮ˣȴ̫ټ
ħˣĻ˾ˣ
ħ˵Ϊ꾭٣һ٣˴ݣ
ʮʿ¶ǧ֮أȴǵħˣ֮߳
Ыβϣգ֮ǰ٣ЩʧĴٵĵĴε٣Ƿ財
¥̨һٵɲǷҪȥֱĴݣȥٵ
ĴΣʲôءֺһھơ
ʱͻȻƽУ̳ĲƣⲨƻصУտȥͬˮ˴
УһѹȻɢܵͬʱʹ·һ䣬һԼǧɴСΪӴĲԹģĴ۽
ǲԹ˫棬֪Ǻɣ˿̽УûдκϢȴһɲɣĸоܡ
ĳֵһ̣žƺȥ
е˼У˫Ŀоһ
ͬʱǧɴģȻ֮ײ棬һƵĺ֮ǹˣһɲǣڸô޹ģһƬˡ
ǹص˲䣬ȫѪ⣬ͷ侭ȻһĸܵصĹȻǴǹ洫ǺȻԼɢ
һĻоŨڹһ䣬ĸо̸ͷ壬һɲǣͻȻֵĹ𶯵޷
ʱڹɢУռ䣬Ǿ޹Χдƾ۶ȻһѾ޴˽ͨãƲһڳֵһ˲ȴһɷȻ
ڴڣŴ˽̧ɷŨƼ䣬Ȼ˽ֱ֣ͷȻһն
һնĲֵ壬ҲֵԪ꣬նУԪϵһ˽£ͿԪ׷ѿԶҲ޷ںϣնϵģϵ֮⣬ڵѪǣʹȫ˺ˮݣ
ʹûǲԪ񣬱
еĵһ٣ն٣ǴģٵĹؼ˹һʾ٣ʹչ
˽ٹ죬һʧܵʿ̫̫࣬һ룬ǹбԪǣǻǹУɢ
ɷХԶԶһͬð˹һ㣬ֱ֣Уһն̤սٵĴ֮ʹǷ׷ױ˽նԪϵ
һ֣ն֣
ֲ֪Ҳȥ֪Щȹһٵʿ׼˺ܾõʱ󣬷ŸҶ٣ҴһһεĶȹСУżɵѰڣ
˿̹ѪҪֵ壬ȴֵ֪ȥһ٣Լķ˿УɲǼȻ٣ĶںȻǹ˲䣬ֱƵ壬˻֮
Ի˲䣬ɷնһɲǣɫݣ־ƺɿ䣬Ȼ̧һʹУȴһѹ״ȻӶɢ캮ػһƬɭ
ĺãֳЦУͲǵնȻһɨȥ
ɲײ֮ҵĲֱѿ϶󣬺ȻϵɷƲʺˣҪ齣ʱֵ˲䣬͵̧ͷɲǱԶԶɷɱϢϢȥȻɷ֮ࡣ
ɷ飬Ȼ֮£ֵɱɢ
еĵһ٣ն٣ʹ˱ɢ˲䣬ȴϵĴģȻɢ˵ڶ
֮ǰҪֹز˺ǧ󣬸ңңɢͬսģһλŽǣ
ɲǣֵ壬һվһץͰ֮ǰɿľƺץסߺһڵͬʱһΣֱնȥ
ȴ˹ģٿټ


1905 ٣
ӰԾնЫ֮ϣв㲨ڵǧɴģ۶ȥֹɢĺǺɢУƿԱһУزݡ
ڹ֮𶯵ͬʱϵǧɴܣŹӰû
ÿһӰǴźɫףͬѪɫɱһ㣬ǧֺ󣬴ŨŨɷֱֶ
⣬еĵڶ٣ѪӰ٣
˽ѪӰÿһӵвڿΪǲ𣬼ǴݻˣҲ̴Ӳٴ۵ޱ޾ѭ֮£Ϊ˶ȴ˽֮ˣµجΣ
ҪǣǧѪӰÿһκΪǿһЩӵʱԽãǾԽǿĿԽɽĨ
ѰʿУȹߣǺò׶ȹնٺǿ˳٣׼֮ʱѪӰ٣
˽ٵĿ£޷ܶȹߣ࣡
ֲ֪ζѪӰ٣ԼķǧѪӰֵ˲䣬ڰգ˫ĿȻ䱬⣬һɾϣͬһ㣬˫ĿںȻɢ
£ֵ˫Ŀɢһѹ֮ѹ֮ױȣɼƬںϺ仯֮ǰЫ궼ҪĿѹ˵ٱ仯ѪӰˣ
ֻڰĿɨĿ֮ѪӰһȻͣ˰գɫ¶־壬ÿһѪӰһ˲о٣һѽɫĽХεĺǵУ߳벽̻ᱻݻ٣
ȥվڰգĿɨͬʱд
󣬿ǽǧѪӰڣȴͬŭһҲУʶļˡ
öûӵ̫ǣȴӵбܣǱܵĿ־ֵĿ⣬˿̺˼䣬ɲǾ͵ɣһ벨ںϣʧ
ȴ˽ùַʽûгֻ֣һĿ⣬һ仰ѪӰ٣бǰߣȴǴδй
ЩѪӰһһɢɲǣͬХֱеǧɴĶȥ˹ͨһУҪɢǵ
ûöȻٽֹ̧˲ϢǴģȻһն
һնɲǣȻûص֮Ӱ̧֣ͬûһӰ֮󣬺Ȼ£
ֵնǴĵɲǣ˶ֻ֮ȴǱĺХն¼ĺȫȡ㡣
һɨ䣬ͬǴ֮ϡ
һĻԶԶһİѿ֮նصƣõĴϣ֮һɲǻ޾Ĺ춯ض˲䣬ǴĴмȻѷ죬
ķУ˹ĻƬһˣХɢ
ٵĵ٣û¶Ȼһٵĸ
ȹ٣ɫأ֮ǰǰɣԱ֮ǰҪǿֹȻҪֶѹĿ
ķô٣ԶԶ٣ΪʿΪսٴĹ֣
ƮȻ䣬̤ЫβϣֵĹѪ֮䣬Ӱ̧ͷգȴٵ
ֵڣ߳˸ѹĿԼǼ͵⣬һ淢˿۶ľ
ʹ֣ĳ̶ֳϣɹͬ壡Ƿ˿̺ŨԴ棬ΪֵѪ
˵ⷢ˿޷ʹɹͬ壬ȴҲһã룬ִ˿ںУ˿ɵľת𾫴
֣һڶڣ޵еһ
˷һвĿսٳʿ
˿ֳĬĿգһ
ƲɢƬ̺ȴһƬĹĻɢĹ͸һɹĸоٳ֮У۳һ޴ӡǷģ
ģӿͬһȴɢһͬһϢĴڣתһ֡
˫ĿͫһǷģ˷ڳֵһɲǣһֵΣȴѰҲΣԺַʽ¶
ǵ߽١üͷһҪɢģȻ䣬ɫȻһ䣬ĲԼڵԪЩԾ
ԪԭǼΪϥת˿̣ȴԪϣήҵļ
һʱ䣬ڵԪ̿ήС룬ٶȣòϢֵԪͻɢ߽⣬𣡣
ֱ仯ΪͻȻһ𣬶ٵĿ£һ̵ĸܵ
ԪήȥҪɴ֮䣬ʱȣ˫Ŀһſ͵һ䣬֮Ȼȴ޷ɣ
ǧڣȻٵѹУ޷ͬģ֮Ҳˣ
ڶϢȻڵԪ񣬿ήΪأ
һ߽٣͵̧ͷһμֱĹӡǶȥȻ̧ɲٽͬʱһȭ
һȭʱ˵Ӱ֮һȭȥһȭȴɫӡǵɲǣֱӴڴ͸Ȼ޷˵Ƿİ㣬·˷ģֻһ֮Ӱܿȴ޷һ
һȭУϢ٣ԪٴοήȻήһ룡
ɫ
߽٣Ϊеĵһ٣˽ΪʮϢ٣ڴ˽µʿ࣬УԪϢȫή
˽ٹĪ⣬Ϣ䣬ɱΣΪ£յķģǴ˽ٵĹؼȴ޷һֱڣֱʿһ̣ɢ
ֶյķģͷת
С١˽ٺ˼ȻԪήҴ˵ǧﱻ֣֮޷ղ䡭ֻô죡
˫Ŀһǧղ֮ͬǧڣһž֮ڣǾЫ꣡
˼һΣǵϢٵɲǣ˫Ȼ̧һ䣬˫̰Ы֮ϡ
ЫȻһУ˫̺ͬǿ֮͵һ䣬ȴЫ̴һ˻
ڵϢٽͬʱЫϣɢһƬֱ˫֣֮ڡ
Ыӷֻ֮꣬ǰնݣķݳµЫڣ
ǻƽ֮ʱֺҵΪͬʱЫķϢһϢ֮£̾ʹЫڣµЫ꣡


1906 ս٣
Ы꣬ŨŨ֮ɣ˿̱ڣήԪ˴֮תӿήУٵĻָ
Ϣ٣ԪٴοήЫڵ֮䣬һƽ⣬ֻƽ⣬޷ά̫ãʱţٴα
ֿѰҵ֮壡
һ٣ʿȹߣǲϵɵҩɸ֮ӲĿţͦϢԪӲͦϢʮϢ󣬾Ϳɶȹ
ϢȴǱ֮ǰҪֹٸеʿϢУҲѰΪǵҩٶȣԶԶ޷ήȽϣûն٣ԪͻϢУή
ʶҩƷʣΪҪõĵҩҪȴ˽٣ҲϣֻգһЩѡ
˿٣Ƚ߼Ϊȫ˽ȴ˽УȫӲͦȥ
ҲˣΨӲԴĵҩĿ־壬һ٣
Ǵ˵Уֻȹ˾ŴߣǶˣҲҧͦʮϢ󣬴˽پͻɢ
Ϣٽڵƽ⣬ȻƣԪ̴ΧĿήɫȴû˿仯֮ǰԪή벹ƽ˲䣬ͷתѰƿ˽ٵķ
ӲͦȥΨٶȣѰħЫ걻ѹڣħЫ֮ȹ˽٣֮ڣ˽ٶȹӦòѣ
Ǳѹ꣬ҪǾǼ򵥣ʱ䣬ǲ֪áĿһ
٣Ҳ컯ʼռһ㣬˽پܹ죬ϾֻһٶѣҪήԪ񡭡ҿǴ˽ٵĿή֮ǿ󣬻ĳᣡ͵̧ͷ˫¶֮âǹâڣ̺һǿ
ֵǣһ۾Ϳ˽ٶȹĹؼҲ²⵽˹˶ȴ˽ʱѡķķʽΪԼڴ˽٣¹Ҵһ㡣
ѡֲҪ
㹻ҵԪҲ̺ҵ£ҵҪ˽λң̧ͷУϵɫģ˫Ŀ¶ᶨ֮â
һ٣û˾η֮ģеģֻһɷݾ֮ϵľģ
ڰϢ̧ͷɲǣֱӽٶڵԪ񣬼ٵĿήڵڰϢȥ˲䣬Ȼֻʣһ˿һ˿ֵ̺һ޵Ӳ׷󣬸Ľľģ
һ˿ԪǵڰϢ޷ή߽⣬ֵԸһ͵Ĵţ
ţҵԪز࣡
ţҵĴ޷ĥ𣡡
ţҵԼУ
ھϢĶһɫû˿仯ǵھϢſήԪҪֵԪ񣬵һ˿̺ԪȴھϢУȻڣ
ȻԪ񣬶һ֮ĥһԪ񣬵ĥ𲻵һ˵һˣûˣôضܵصԹˣҲȫԼɣ
Ϊ
򲻣ȼУյķӡǣ¶쾪Ŀ⣡
ţһ֮٣ɢ
ţҿԸ
ţҿ̤ۣ֮ͺģ춯أ
ʮϢͬҪĥ֮Ȼ٣ͬŭһ㣬Ҫȥûֵһ˿Ԫ
գֱʮϢɢһ˿̺ԪɴڣڣҺȻ
ϣԻԻԪ񣬿Ի꣬ȴܻֵͺУһȥرȽϣӰͬϣȴƣȻɢ£ֱյķӡǶȥٽ˲䣬˫̧õķӡǣȻһ˺
һ˺֮£õӡǣܵĳ˻ʵʵӣ˺䣬Ȼ
ӡǱɲǣǿήɢȥԪ֮Ȼָ˲Ϣ䣬ﵽ۷֮ٴα
߽٣ʮϢ٣ǰ
ʮٱɲǣȻ仯ϼ˸䣬ȴڶӡǣȻû
ڶӡǣ֮ǰӡȫͬӣϻɢһ޾ɣζӡǳֵ˲䣬ڰ˽٣ٻ٣Ȼ֣
ʮϢٻ٣˽Ϊٵĵڶ٣ԪΨ٣
˽ٿɻתʿԪ޾Ҳй֮ʱͬģҲˣ֮٣ɲǷһɲǣֻ꣬ǲ꣡
ٹʱһϢ꣬һκɢ˽ٱ߽֮ٻҪ죬Ϊ˺ɱʿҪȽߣмԪ
˽٣ھŽϢϢأڴ˽У˼ʮԪھŽپͻļΪ򵥣ͿɶȹֻǣڿУԪԳʮߣĪĻԵ컯ĻӵС
ǲԪھŽУһ
ڰ˽٣ʿоԪĶ٣һѡһ˵Ҷڰ˴ߣԼҪ¶Ԫ㹻Լ󣬰µȫʹ׳ȥԻԼȹھŴٵĻᡣ
̤սپ磬ǿļ𣬷ĻԪӣʿڰ˴м׺ʣ٣սپڣֻʣ˶١
컯޷ı䡣
гֵĵڶӡǣڿӡǵɲǣԺУͻȻһЩ˼Щ˼ķ˲Ϣ䣬ڰ˽ٵһС
ڰ˽ٺ˺֪߲ܶ࣬һζȹģ߲컯
ͬҲˣԼǰ׼ȷܶΪٰ˾Ŵеʿʵڰ˴ֹˡ
˽٣ȥȣԪ󣬾Ϳѡ˳ֻҪˣֻǼһ꣬Ҳɵڰ˽٣
ֻҪȥǵھŽ٣ȴǽϼѣ
ֳĬãĿһϳֵķӡǣһٽ̧𣬰Ƿĵ˲䡣
ףһ꣡
仰һһ΢޷һǰķӡǣɢ
ڰ˽٣ʧˡ
ڵڰ˽ɢȥ˲䣬ֿѡ˳ûô̧ͷգȴһٵĳ֣
һ٣ܶȹΪ̾ͻͻƿΪսٳڵĴ𣡣
ɫΪأȹ˰˴٣ҪھŴΣҲһΣ
̧һץ֮£̽ȴδֵ㹭Ȼû֮ϣ
סң͵֮£̰㹭£ĹһȻ֣
̧ͷգ¶ɱͬ˫̧кȻõ㹭
ü˸ȴԴһɻϢ̧֣һ㹭У
֮ǰڵڰ˽ֻһԪʱѾ⣬ھŽ٣ȥȣǻٽ٣
ܴ˽ǿμѣȥǣΪ˽٣Ҫ𣡵Ķɽ٣˴ѾˣһΣȥѵĵֵֿԸ˵֣٣һԼ̫ĺޣ
ɺޣһεУ¶ɣ
׷Ѱ˺޵ĸԴ׷˷ȸϣĽʱŭ˻
㹦ɲǣ淢˿γɵľڣ͸תȫӿ˫ۣ뵽㹭Уʹô˹ųɽ⣬ֵӰûڡ
ǽһأ
ͬʱֵ࣬Ĺϣɢ졢ֹâֹâӦˮֱԴһâͬɶ𣬺ȻͬɫŽһͬ
ֵҲ࣬ԴĮվ̧˫繭ϣ׹˸ӳյͬʱϳ˵
ûĳȻһȫ磬ɢһɿµĻ֮ѹѹֱ𣬾춯ض
ԶԶһһĻΪˣ죬֮ص˷
ϣһӡǣٵھŽ٣˽ΪֻأֹʿΪսٴһż
ӡһɢһɻȻƿԸı£ƿ˳ֻ޷԰Σ
ٽ٣һͺ͸ڸǵӰܻһƬ˺Ȼɢתǧ뵽ʮȻ֮ǰĸӦһĻĻĿɿڴħʿС
ٽ٣
ȹ˰˴٣˿ھŴΣȻȥȣȥ𣡣
ȿ֮£⡭Ψħ˲ſ
ɫ԰ףǿұһ仰𶯵ɲǣڽڵӰȻɿŵĹң
⹭ɿһɲǣǹҴŨȻأһɴ뵽ǹϣʹ⹭һХ
Х֮һǼԱٶȣȻ
ԶԶһʲôһĽǺХ֮ǽɫļӰ
˼һɫ䣬˱ܣľ
ǳĽһ޷ݵƣնȥɲǣȴͬʱɢ֣صУХȴ졢ɫ֮֮ϵķӡǣȥ
һͬڣĵ⣬˿ͬӵ汬ĵ棬ȥ
ȴҲͬɿ˱֣һҪ˻𣬴ɿĹϣȻȥ䣬һ
һɻϢһɽƹϢǴںһγƻһ
˺֮ӡ
֮
ֵĽ֮ϵھŽֻӡǣڣȻȫʹӡ͵һҪһ㡣
ţɫ֮ٶǺ֮ڻڵɲǣһһӡУ죬һȫѹ£Уյӡ˱ļ󣬳˴ѷ죡
Σֵһڣ̺̺٣ٵļᶨ
£޵Ľӽ˴У̳Σ
ٽģǴŻϢһ˼Ǽһ䣬յֻӡڣ̺Ļ֮
һɢɱ¾֮׵ֻһ˿һ˿Ծ죡
ֻӡǣкȻķУƬգղУͬ
һͬģЫ޴Ыӽ޷𶯣Ȼ̮ʯŰ˷
ħЫʹ߽⣡
߽⣬ڸӰ˲䣬һòɫĿսϢ⳾Ȼ֣
ǿսϢΪǿڳ֮γһɷ籩Уգ߽Ĵأٻƣħ޵ģԭЫ֮أ
ǧʮħʿһɫ¶ηѹɢȥɲǣʮӰٽӽ
μħˣ
ħ˸


1907 ţ
ʮħʿ˿һͷɫΪɢȥѹĵشЫķ籩һݡ
Ƿ籩еĿսϢΪŨضǷ籩кХŰɢ˷Уʹɫ䣬һ㡣
Ƿ籩ڣһֵӰӰ޳һͷƮӣǿսٵѹǴӰɢ
˵ǿսٳڵѹȴʿһĲԵģһսٳ֮ˣһΪ˿ս۷ϴ
Ƿ籩ڵӰ֮һ߳Ĵģֱȫ߳˷籩ֿգɫƽ
ܵڣڻ˵ھŴٺͬǺ俪ѹΪĸĤʹΪȻֱ뵽˿սٳڵĳ̶ȣ
ս١ֱ˫ۣڣһ޴ڼתɢϢϢ£һƿͿסصĸо
ָо
Ƿ籩ɢȻ˫Ŀ̧ݺݵһ֮£ڴһɳ˿սٳڵĿֲ֮кȻ۶
һգ´̺ȴѷȻ俨˺ѿܺɨ֮£ǿսѹȻɢʮħʿһɫ仯ˣɲĿ֡
ϣûиܵκħЫϢ˿̿ȥУʮʿɫһ䡣
սٵĸоֵͷԼסȭͷҪȥȻ䣬ɫһ̺ܵӣԼΪ˿սʿ󣬺Ȼûת֮ҪԼɢ·Ӷȥ
ģֵһΣĸܵϣɢһʶĲɲ͸һǿҵĿ
ʶĲûгΪսǰ޷ĲΪӣ棬ҲĴΪͬ
˫ĿһУһȻ̧·һȭȥ
ȭĹУȭΪƣһ֮£غ䣬ѷֱӱɢ
һɻ֮ȻغʹôرУһ޴İӣ˿ӴСԼǧɷΧŴӣתۼ䣬ײ
ЫײѹħЫ֮˿һ֮£̮Ǿ޴ӺȻֱǷӡЫ֮أһ𣬱ǿк俪
ر俪ɲǣһʮħʿ˻𣬴ȻΪһԹȻ
˻Уȴ̳ɫͬһֱӴܳϣȻһ޴ħЫӣ
ЫԼɴС֮ڸգγ˾޴Ӱִصͬʱʮħʿһɫ¶Ȼ
ħˣ
⡭ⷢʲôʣħ֮Ȼ֣ôˣ˭
ѵħ˶ĸʮʿ֮ǰɻ󣬴˿ڿгɫγħЫһһ޷ŵͷ̸Ժڣ
֣ţ޵֣ʮʿУһԵħڣҴˣһٶǰħޱԵλã׷ɱֵĵħʿ֮һ
֮ǰıЩɣ˿к䣬ϳֵݣ
Ǵɢħ֮꣬˾ҵ˻Ӵ˸Ķ֡ϣĵɫķӡǣֱӡͷβԼǰϣɢѹ֮
ĵӡǣǵʩչѹ˻꣬ħ޵
ֵ壬ħЫǰΪСվĿȥȴɢѹЫơ
׷磬Ыû˻ɲǣֻ̧ЫȻһȭһȭֵ̺ĵ֮ͬʱǰڵĿսΪȫγһɺֱ֮Ыȥ
˲Ϣ侪ЫȫһȻХҪһ㣬ʱЫϵĵķӡȴȻ˸˸Уĵһȭ֮ʹЫ˳ǧɺɣ
𣡣
ЫͨһУٴӴһ֮䣬ֱֳͬʱһɭŭܻص
ħʿնɱˣ
ɢУʮħʿһɫ仯֣ʮֱֶȥ
ķӡôǿ󣬿ɼΪ
ĿЫٽӵתڴ˿Ȼﵽ˼һ㣬ڴǹɿʶΪǿҡ
Ŀһ̧ٵħЫȻһӼ䣬ڣȴһƬ׹˸Уӣֵ󣬵һγƬؼ䣡
Ӹһ֣ɢ޾׹⣬ǹâɢУӳհ˷ٵЫ꣬ڿӵɲǣһ£̣о¶޷ŵĺȻ־壬һ˻УӴֹͣǰУĵۺˣ
׹⡭ǡǰ飡
־ɫȻĺˣʮʿһĿ׷ɢ޾âϣ
Ы˼죬ȴ첻ֲӣȴȻһɼ䣬޷ݵٶȣֱӾٽǾ޴Ы꣬һĵӡ˸䣬Ȼ͸ӡǵķֱӽ뵽ЫӵĻ
ڽڵɲǣһɿֲ֮ȻںȻɢɴСľ޴Ы꣬ʮħʿۿɼУٵС
һϢϢϢ
κʱУӴЫȻȫڣת۲Ӱֻĸ浱µӡǣƯܣû˱ѹЫ͵һһƬɻɢ֮䡣
ͻȻһĻʮʿɢ˿̵ǿȥͬجһʱɢԲһеʩչͨٶȼӶݶȥ
ûȥ׷ʮˣվЫӣĿһ̧һץ
ֱֶڡ
סһ˲䣬ȻһĸܵһεԲŷ츲صı仯
һһӣܣƾճһƬ籩籩ǧɢֲϢֹһ̤ڡ
÷֮ûԥȥʶ̺ڣҪȥٴԲ󣬻ʲôı仯
ʶڵ˲䣬ǰȻһʱȻһޱ޼ʵ֮У޼ΪƵУһصľ޴ţ
ϣһֻɫֱۣɢϢ
ţ


1908 ȱһ
ͬĴţֱۣ֮ͬǰΣ
ԲͿɳĴţȥջ޷ڿκ֮ģֻһƬã
ɫֱۣ̺˼Ϊǿֹһ̤ǴС
ٴվ⣬ǴţɫֱֳۣĬ
Ыǰ˵顭ʲô˼Ŀ¶ã˫ɢ⣬һΣǴһȥ
ٽŵɲǣͻȻɫֱһ֮£һѹֱһץ֮죬ɲٽ֣쿪ָǰл޻ۡ
ɫ糣Ųû˿ͣ٣ǰ߼䣬̧ץľ޴ֱۣȻһġ
һ֮Уغ䣬ȴɫֱͨһ֮£Ȼֱӱһʮ֮ߡ
⵱ֱֲֳֿۣΪ˿սٴȻ𲻵ֹãƽһǴš
䲽죬ÿһ£кȻ֮ص˫ţҪ̤һ㣬ھǴŻ߲֮ʱǱɫֱۣȻ̧ٴֺХ
һΣɢһɿֲֹ֣֮һ㣡
üͷһ壬ֱٵ̧ͷȥ˲䣬ֱ̧һָ

һֶǾ޴ɫֱȻͣ˰գһ
У߲߳ݵվǰ̧𣬰ڴţںݺݵһƣ
һ֮£Ŵ֮Ĵһ϶϶ܿ󣬿ɶ˵ȴɴС
ſ϶վĬƬ̧̣ŲǴţһȥ
ˣȫ̤С
һΣչǰģһδ磬еأȴûκļеģֻȺɽ֮УһƵ
δʵʣʵ֮˸ʱΪ棬ʱΪá
ǵֿǷڣ׼ȷ˵һԲչֳһĻģȫһ
֮ǰĶһƬƿʹ֣棬޵Ľӽĵأ
ԶԶĿֳĬȥǰУȺɽãǰɢʹһߵǰ
ķԽϸ״ǹŹ֡£ķ֮ڣȻľߺǣϥ
ľߺǲ֪˶꣬УʼմߺǴŰۣߣǺۡ
ϥУһɢ
ֵĿľߺɨ¶ã
棬ʲôʼǧ꣬ѽǧһ
ţΩһΣľߺڰ۵ĺǡ
ţ
վ⣬еãŨãʶɢӶȥʶһɲǣԺ˺
ϸ΢ӿֳ̫࣬ʹָоΪӣһҲ
Ӥʱޣʱ̾ϢֲĲҽУҲº͵ૣеִͬڷӴĶڣⶼе
գ޾һƬ񣬶߷Ļƣʹɫ̲԰ףΪȻ޷ܵļ
ټȥ˾Ҫһ㡣
Ҫ޷֮ʱһӤޣ뵽ֵУȻľѣʮಽɫɷס
кƬ̺͵תһХֱԶ˲Ϣ뿪Ƭռ䣬ƾӦڣҵ˳˯ƽƽ֮ꡣ
ԼĹ֮ƽֳĬ
ѹӤ֮ϤƽСʱ򣬻ԹӤ֮ʱ˵һ
ʲôһƬãããų˯еĹ֮꣬Ŀ¶뱯ˣ̾һתȥˡ
ڶΣĿռڣķǰ
̧ͷŴʵ˸ߴĶһƬģ
ĬƬ̣һҧǰʶٴɢһɢУ̧ȴָӳһһУǷָ뵽ڣȴһ֮赲޷̽Ѫ⡣
ֻǣ֮ٵɢٶȣʮϢâͻʧȥǷָףͿɴѪУʹ
ʱȣֲ˼ʶɢУֱȥʶɲǣ֮ǰǷӵȻٴδڡ
һ˺ʧȥǣǷӵ֣ͬŭеĹۣˮû
޾ںһγ֮صУʹ޷ȥ壬ʱţֵɫԽӲ԰ף˫ĿУȭڣǰ׹⽥ɢڵھϢʱ׹ȫɢʹָףݺݵش뵽ڣѪУĵľʹ̴ȫ
ͻȻľʹ£ɫ¶Ȼѹѵ˲䣬˷ӵУһ֣һ˲
ȱһ
仰ͬʱ˵⣬̶̵ʮϢУƾĿ飬ûеһεӤޣûеڶε׼ӵڣʧȥң
¶ļɵֱڶ壬ڳֵʲô
֮ǰѵ˲
ȱһ仰ʲô˼ֳĬ֮һȺɽڵתһΣ뿪
ħϣӦЫ֮أ˿̱һƬ籩Ƿ籩վһ׷꣬˫Ŀ˿ͻȻ
˲䣬ɱļɵ
ֳͷеӣɫӡ
㡭ʲôУȫʧڣУ
ҵʶǿԶԶһ죬һѹӵصĻ֪ӣأĿһѹļӵãѾǧ꣬Ȼӵ㹻ģȥȴ⿪𰸵һ̣
оܿȻ˵Լأܽӽˣ
˿˫¶⣬̧ͷԶǵħڵλã
ħڡҵԣҪħţͳ½Ӵ֮޵ħһţִһ˦ܷ籩Ȼתγһ޴ĺɫ쫷磬ֵ壬ֱԶХȥ
ħڽ٣


1909 졢Ծ
ħڣħλһƬ಻ϵ֮УΪݾʮ֮һܳΪʮŵı׼ڣӵпսٺ۷
ΨӵʵڶӴϣպգ
½ϣֻҪ̤ս٣ɳ֮Ϊ𣬼ǿսٺʿҲɳ֮ΪΨеսٺڵ۷壬޵ĽӽԲ޷ȹﵽԲɳ֮Ϊ𣡣
ͻƣΪǴºĿսԲʿ򱻳֮ΪҲʿǴҲΪأ˵硣
ϾʿȻǳ˴⣬ǿһˣ֮ҲìܣìԳ֣ϾǵΪһ˴ս̫
Ǳ֣֮Ż˴˽սǵһޣ⣬Żڵһս
ֻսȥ˴֮Ҳκβ˶Է̫ࡣʶ󲿷ʱ򣬴֮ķǿ
˵һĴڣ½ϣԻ޷ҫλƵô񰮡
УΣ֮ԽΪ֮䣬һģľ磬磬֮ΪԾʿԽһпսԲǴ£ҲΪټ
ܴﵽεʿࡣܳԽ𣬳ΪԾεģǺУ˵ŵƺһԾ𣬹ʶеȥսһ
ֻѱһ֮䣬ƻвΪ֪ǵһ𲻵òֽɱ꣬ţֻΪϧţ
ţޣӵ֪֮ҲֻôһԾѣ
Ծ𣬴ĸͬĳƺţ۷
ţţ棬Ҵŵƺսǿʿ˵ѹȥܾãţ棬䱾ǿսٺ۷ĽڣټϴŵͨصԨԴϵΪʮ֮һҽΪǿơ
ڹһڣûнʿǹһڵҲֻǿսٺڴѣ۷壬عڣ޷Խ
˵ˣһʿﵽ˿սٺߣȴ֮࣬ռҪĵط
ŴһԭʼףսٺڴףΪ£ܱһս
׵ĴڣʹôڣһΪελãܳΣκ󣬱ɣʸ⣬ȴˣһҲǿΪ֮һ
ǵħڣħΪսٺ۷ƺţǿʵʹôݣֻţ˱Ƚϣ˾ͬǽƺţţħǶ֣
ħȴǾڽһڣڳ˽ε⣬ĸսٴҪǣħ⣬һ棡
ħ棬ΪȻĲΣ䲻£ǲħЫֻһǧǰȥһߣΪһ£
ħڣôһ˵棬ݵͬʱħڣռλã
ֻڵħڵĸ飬ΪߣȻϡССνֻҪŻȥ˵ͳ⡣
Ҫٵħڵͳô氭棬ض׷£
Щ飬дţĵͼϣȫ¼š
ڣŵ֮ˣֻλ֪ڵΪţ󣬱ȫΡڵķ籩ɨ߼䣬ڵֱ˫֣Ŀ˸
ӣ𡭡ûսҲһսְ׷Ʈһ˦䣬ͷڡ
ԶԶһ˿̵֣Űۣڸòͬʱ׷ҲȻһɣ
ħĵħڣ˿̱һƬ֣ڣħڣԭӵвʮͽࡣ
񣬾һٶԶ֮ʣʿȻˣ˵ˣħڵȴûм̫࣬ĸսٴжţսµˣڡ
ħһٶǰչأҪ弶Σʼûг֡
ħڣ˴󲿷ʿһٶУʼտħػŵͬʱֹ⡣
ħڣڣһƬƬ֮ϣȡ֮ɽγһɽ
ȡ֮ʯԷγʯ壬ʹõħڵĵӣƽһ
ħںܴԶԶһƿ߼ʣһɽ¥Уɰӣڲħڵĺģλá
֮أһƬǺˮ壬һۿԿƵģǺףʱɢĳޡ
УһСǵħչڣҲǵħڴԼط֮
ħ⣬ڸص⣬ִŰۣƽվڰգգȴڲסǱĿ⣬Զĵħڣеı佥ɱ
Ѿܾãûȥһ֮ͳһ֮ˡૡ
־һɱ¾죬ȴɱ෴ΪߣֻҪǱƵٻ֡
ȴɷħڣ޵ıԵһ֮Χְ֣ȫȥһһ
ΧɱУ׳һͷ­ÿһͷ­û˿йЩ˱Ͼһڼԭս֮ޡ
ǵЩħʿ׳ͷ­ĶԿ֣˫ۣϡԿͷ­䣬һգһס
һ
㲻ϲͷôЩҵħڣĵһݴ񣡡
ϲͷҵȷϲ˫Ŀɱ졣
ǵħãħЫʹСһеһУɱһ˿Խ飬Ȼħһ֮ΪУôֱķǻٵͳţ
ʲôΪһҲߣҪ֣͹ǵħ֮ˣǧɱɱײ¶һ¶ɱ죡
̧ԶħȻһӣһ֮£̾һƬ𺣺Х𣬻ʮƵħܣ
ţγһƬһĵ֮ڣγܵķ
֮ǴƬĽɢʹûӺ󣬽ܵںһ𣬻ȻһУһƬӡѹ
һУ̧ͷǵħڣһȥ
Ų£ÿһУúܻ֮صͬʱֵڣɢһɷֱƵħڣ


1910 ħڽ٣
֮ǰһٶƼ󣬿ʵΪ£ȴϢɣ˿죬ÿһȥֱ֮࣬ǵħ󣬺ܿǰû˿ͣ٣ֱ̤Ǵ֮С
ӽɲǣ̴֮ܣǴħڡ
ʿд붼ڴ˿̱֮𶯣һɫ䣬Ѹ뿪֮׷׳֣ա
ȴⱻһƬֵϣҵķûʮ˸޴ӰһˣΧз˻
٣дˣ󣡣һĵͺħڵıɽ崫ţһƬƼٶǺڣһ۵ӡ
̴֮һ˦ȴܵĻƺХֱȥ
ͬʱĵͺУħڷɳʮ磬ÿһУǴ˿ħڵĵܡ
ЩŮһɫΪأڳ֮ڣ󷨣ֹ
ţӵħһ⼲۶Ǻߣһߣɫ̧ͷ¶⣡
ȻҴҵħڻɽϷҪ˭㵨󣡣˵ţһΣֱȥ
Уȫ֣ǰȥǰʮ˸Ӱʮ˷ⷽٳɢֲϢ
ʮ˸ӰٽɲǣǱڸǵϣ˫Ŀһ̧䣬ǰ͵һӡ
˺죡ƽڡ
仰ﴫɲǣһӵ˲䣬ȴⱻֵĵħϷգԭƣʱȴǴ˾
Ǻ£ͻȻһ޴ѷ죬ѷУֻ޴ֱۣȻѷֱ˺ֱ֮ͬɽ齨һ𣬴˿УԶԶһֱ֮ͬ۽٣һץ·ֵħڵ
ûʵʣ˿ֻ̱޴ֱץסУȴͬ壬Ŀסһ
ڿס˲䣬޴ֱ͵ݺݵһ˺
һ˺֮У촫أȴȻֻ޴ֱۣħڵϷ˺˺룡
֮صǱ˺ֵǾ޴ֱƶȻʹò⣬ֱҫûĵħڣ
һĻħڴ˿ʿһĿɿڴһĻȻ˻һ
ħڵ󷨳ֵһ̣ûҲйΣ⻤ɽս٣ȴδ𺳣δͷƤķʽƿһĻ
ֻ޴ֱ˺ɲǣɢڣһĲҽС
ȴ֮ǰڵǼʮħڴʿ˿һٵĳѪôˣڷɳɲֱӺȻѪ⣬Ȼ޷ڵı˺֮
֮ǰڣɫΪĽߣ˿ҲȺڣǱӳɫȻգ˫Ŀ¶־塣
ķ֮Եֿǿߵȫһ˿̣˼򵥵ı˺룬һĻ͸¶壬
ʲôΪ
ǲҫ£ϣһ۵ӰĬĬվе˫ĿкɢŴصħڣһ˵Ŀ⣡
˭Ϊδҵħڣҵħڴ󣡣ǽѹŲ˻
ҵħΪݾʮ֮һ棬²ͷ棬˭ҵħںг𣡣⣬֮ǰǺӣͬΪ˿սٺڣʾԼڣҲȻ޷־˵ķʽٵ⻤
˶ˣ͸˵ǼʮЩӳĵħڴˣЩ˿ֵĿ⣬ľ֡
ħµʿһʧȥ˺Ļȫ־
ôĳǵǡվĻϣĿɨ·ˣԶеĵ졣
䣬̧ƿͷӣ¶һͷµİ׷ԼĮף·
һٶѣӦûǵޱ߽ɱ¾ڣϳĳô
ͷӱƿɲǣǽ߿ֵ˫ڣ¶޷֮ɫ
֣һ۾ϳ֣޷һٶǰޱԵϵһɱһսУħڳʿȴһ֮ɱ˴룬֣º´ˣ
㣡Ǻӵͬϳ֣˵һսۿǷĿֲһͬţǿɱ¾Ŀ⡣
֣
һٶǰס͵ЫôȻû
ȻޱԵɱ¾Ѫɺӣҵħڳ˴ʿ֣Žס
ϳֵģսʿǼʮеĲ֣ϳߣȫǵһս֮ˣ
ҵ˵ջؿ·ʿĿ⣬̧һʹУɢ
һૣУһѹļ⣬Ѫ
ҽħڡǹӣת۾ͻһɶ೤ûнǼ죡
Ӵ½ͳնʹ˳͵ĵͷϵĹȻ˽֮ԶԶһǵӻҪ޴̧УһΣɢһҰ׵Ĺǹ⣬һںȻɢְ˷
ɶ˲䣬һΣĻֱ·ʿȥٶ֮죬Խ磬ͲôͨҪԴ˵ɱ¾ڣ
Դˣͷ
ǽɫ䣬ϣܵ˿ֲϢǸܵһļ£˿޷ˣΪħڿսٺڴ֪ԼӲһս
˿̵ͺ䣬ǺӶˣֱĻٵ֣֣Ҫеֿ
ΪôͿвսٺڴսʿٵ˲䣬ֹȻǰɨһնȥ
ɱĿдͺ
ɱûͬģ́𣬵һΣһһĵͺ
ɱ棬ûĹģ́У˵
ɱ¾֮صһƬˣ䣬ȡصħʿ񣬸ȫĿ⣬УٽӽӰ


1911 ޾ս
˺˵ħڻɽɱڣͷɹһնɨͬʱԶţϣ˿ħ޵ĽսҲѾеΪҵĳ̶ȡ
άһٶսʱţԽӵսͿ̿ǧ̻һƬⳡţ޵Ĵսţ޵Ĵ󲿷
ħʿȫȹ˿տĵӿħޣħڵ£Ĵ֮֮޵Ĵ£Ȼʹţ޵Ķɱ뵽˺֮ء
ħ޵ʿ֣Χ˴һڣչⳡսһս
ħλ棬ǵħչ⣬˾ţϣڴ⡣
ڹһ⣬ҲĴ֮ޣħʿɱ
ⳡһٶĴսʱ䲻࣬ҵĳ̶ȴǰδУһսеʿ
䣬䣬˵ʿ̫̫ࡣ
ⳡսУʿҲһЩˣԭĬĬҫޣǱϣһսи졣
ţݷʿһݷһٶУеħʿ࣬Ѱ˵ն֮гɾ˺պ֮
ǰ뿪ЫϻţޣһյĴս
֮⣬ƼѣƣҲƾţⳡսУ
Ҳⳡսɢ貵ĹâΪ֮⣬ĿĹâ
ħ޵ʿУʿҲһЩǱɱεƿգıʼţڣɱֻѡ
ƿս޲ⳡսУĿƿ֮£ҲˣţЩһⲻʮ˵ʿΪⳡսеǣ
һսΪ͹Գⲻʮ˵ʿǵĻԻͣ
սڴţڹһڳеĹͷһʮ˫ʿһսУ˴˱ȫչֳԵֶͨưս̨չǵľޣ
ͬģħϣħڵ֣
ֲҪչԼΪ˸𣬵ΪȴͬĹâ¶ڤڤһٶʼչ۲սôֵĴڣ
Ǵ˿飬Ͳʮ콾ʿɱȣȫĽѹ
ԾӣĹ֮ԼĻ֮һƬĿĹâֱӭٵĽǺӶȥ
Ӱ£ԻɣɲǼȻӽ
춯صɱ֮һ̣ȡһ·ʿȫʱһ˲ֹͣһ̱
һս½ĳһսһս֣½պյһս
һ֮սٴ֮սԾ춯أҪ֪սٴĿսΪǰڻԵһ޷޵۷Ľ𣬵ǿµĿս٣ʿĿս٣
һԶԶ߲һɱ߲̽ȡһ㣡
Ƕͬʱ֣һսܲ˾
ɨֵĹ˲ϢֱǰĽ߶ȥХ֮䣬˹ǵ޾УȻǽһ
ǽһͺ˫УóȫвٶɢΪǿϢЩ˸ͬʱҧѪ˫һӣʩչΪսʿǿͨ
յ˻һƬȫȻ⣬Ȼûһ޴Ľ͸һƬׯϣǽı˱ǽڣͬսɣݲ
ħڴ˵ڶͺ£ȴߵĽ⣬кȫȻһΪӴħ
ħòȫźף˫۳ƿԻصĴȭ֮䣬֮죬ֱһȭȥնĹֱһ
֮ɲǼأ𶯰˷УȴֹǵǴħȭͷǺУֵĵ̺ȫΪû˿ͣͣͬնֽһ㣬һնǴħֱڡ
һ·裬һ£Уն赲ǰзն˴ħֱۣննħڣߵĽϣ
ǽȻһ䣬һѪɫɲǲ԰ף¶־뺧Ȼǽħ𣬴˿Ȼһն룬ǰħû˿ĵֿ֮
ħһ˲䣬һɨֱĽɲֱն£
ǽͨһ𣬱羵ֱ߽⣬Ƭ¶ǾĽߡ
еĿ־뺧Ȼ˿̱һɢĹǵӰȡռͫ׵ȫ׹һУֵԴһ죡
һնУ׹ǵɨ޷ٶȣӽߵľֱɲǣһŴõͷֱ浶Ѫ緢ߵԪҲһ£ֱӱ
һսٴ𣬾ʹ
һ̫죬·ĵħʿӦΪͨĳϣȻͷ£ʬѪУֱأ
˲䣬ǺȻٽɫֱɷף˫ͫУɢһ㣬˿̲˼ĵˣҪ뿪˿̵Ųʲôħڣһ飬ҪûбԼˣ
˿̲Ӷݣȴˣʵϴ˺һ̣ˣʧȥߵʸ
ת˫ĿȻһУ˶ĿĽ⣬ڣ̺浱ķɼƬ˿һۿȥǽƴ˫Ŀڱֱ˺ĺӶȥ
Ϊǿսٴ𣬵Դ˿ֵĿ⣬ȴһҪѹ
Ŀһɨ䣬һͬһ͸˫ĿĴŲһٵɲǣ̧Ȼһġ
һ֮£ħڵͻȻһȴһ޴ӡԼٶȻûŴأ
ӡϣȻоŸָ
һƾָһĻǺӷ˻𣬷ĺУ˫չȫֶΡ
ͬʱ·ʿһɢҪ뿪ӡ֣¾޴ӰȴǽħڵĴ룬ڸڣ
ӡһ󣬺Ȼ޴ӡһΪΪۣӡŻһеĺХɲǼ䣬ٽǺӣ
ȫ˿˴ĺ䶯䣬Ȼֻ޴ֱۣյӡһ㣬ٵĳȥ


1912 ʥּ
ֱֻۣͨӵг˫ֱۣɱ¾ʿɾպ
ȴֵΪʩչӡ£ľһ㱻ٴݻ٣
ȴֱֻۣӡɲǣ̱Ȼ߽⣬һӡ£˺ӵĴ
ɢǺӷ˻ҧѪ̧˫ۣٴӡһ
ħѪɫ͸ȫǧëͬʱѪѪȫȻγһѪ
ѪϣһɾĵħϢȻƣʹӣ̺˵ħ˫ۺ䣬ǵһӡǰȻ
ӡɲǣѪѪȴ̱գʱڶӡ¡
ǺͷɢһʧȥһǣʣµΨвķɷУȴ˫ȼٿήѪ䶯У˫Ƥһ㣬ͬãѪ⾫ȫ˫ڡ
˫ȻΪˣ
ͬͨڴͷϼȴԶԶûӸΪӲ˫ȿήҲɲǼȫѪ⣬Ⱪ˫ϣٵĵڶӡȥ
֮춯أʩչĵڶӡֱӾȻͬʱǺȫ˵ͬʱֱۣӱһƬѪɢ
¶ǵӡߵ˲䣬ӷһ˻֪Լ޷ߣȴҪһƴ
һμ䣬˴ӵȻֱǵӡȥڳУȼģԪɢϢȴˣΣ£ѡȼ˲Ϊ
Ϊһɲǣȼͬʱӿսٴǵӡٽ˲䣬˵ΪȻһԾΪ˽𣡣
Ϊһ̣ӡ˾ӡû̺ɱ¾֮ףֻѰѡ
ӡɢǺɫȫѪģȴûͺĶ֣ܸܵԼֻʮϢʮϢ󣬲öԷ֣Լͻ
ΪۣʮϢĽΪȥɱƵԼ˷֣ԺΨһͷ
˿̲˼ֱֶȥ
˻ƣ̺ɱڵڶϢʱȻٽ֣
û㣬Ǽٵĺӡ
ʸó߳Ϊ֮ૣǺٲɵ˲䣬̧𣬹ǵȻڣȭ˫Ŀһɲǣ壬ٽʮĺӣȻһȭȥ
һȭֵȫе߳ɣһȭ˿̿սΪתȫںϺ淢˿ɢ߳ɣ
һȭȴʹɫ䣬𶯣֮գȻ㵹һƬ£ֵȭͷƳԽ˿ռľ룬Խʱתһȭ˺ӵؿڡ
Ϊĺӣȫһ𣬿ЦУȻһƬѪ⣬˷
ĽΪϢʱ䣬ȴȹˣ
һɲǣӣִ֪˿̵ʵǶ֣ȼҲǣ
ǽô¶ս⣬һȭֻ߳Ϊȴܵ˽ǿ
źӵ·ʿǼʮܣȻɢܼӶݣħܣȴȻַӡӲȥ
վڰգĿ䣬ǵħĺǺϵĵ졣
㣬ôֻħڻصǺڵĵ죬ȴѻȸ
ͼͻôҸᣡִһ˦һμ䣬Ȼһħڴߣ־ĵУһָһͷ­
ǲóΪħˡתһȥʱһǰڴ˷˻Уһָ͸üġ
ͬʱǻ˵ħڵķӡ󣬴˿̴ȴ⻷εĽ󷨣˿Ȼһŵħڼټ죬ĵħӶݵʿȫ
˵Ҫţţݲһ©
ĮţǼʮȫһһɱվǺİգźڵĵ죬ߴĲҽУȴ󷨷ӡħʿ
һҽУϵػأֶеͬʱҲ뵽ǺڵĵڣչزĵħС
ħ˿ɫŤ˫ĿһƬͨ죬ȴסҳȥ
ңɱߵһĻǿǺȼΪħ־ģһȭ
⿴ƽһȭȴɱһ𣡣һȭħܵڲϵܣ̶̵ʱڣһǧΣԼһȭУܲܶȹ
һǧΣɣֵ߳Ϊһʩչȫ֮Ϊȷ
οħֻ֪ţףûд
ܳȥѾ棬治֪ܾܸܲϻһ紫ҽУħһʹܿ죬ɫĮ
ɣħڼȫˣֻҪһţͻ齨Խ࣬ħڻԽأԽԼŭ𣡣
һеڶ׼ţϰţԼƻȻβضյľս
ⳡϷ꣬һݵļΪʵ޲ϧԴʹôϷ棡
ĴۡضĿ⣡һٶǰ³صɻʵע⡭ʥּض£
ħ̲߻ҽУ˫ĿĮͬʱں⣬ǺǶźߵˮӴӰһ̡
ħڣǼȻɱ¾ķӡ󷨣˵ħڴΪƽطУĺ۶˲䣡
ţϣһ£
һ֮أܱħʿΧƣչɱҪ俪һڴţɱڣ˫ʿڣ߰˸콾֮˿ʿУһɱš
һڣڵпսʿħУļսٴЩڴ˿̣ȫ̧ͷգ
ȴһ˲䣬һƬĽȻ֣£һ⣬ɱʿȫֹͣ˶̧ͷȻĿա
һϵѹŴأѹǽڣһɫӰƽվӴأ
ţޡħޣڴ˵عһ֮񣬽ּ
ͬӰһڴţһ޷ݵٶȣֱħޣ


1913 溣
һ⣬нɫӰϵĻﴫɲǣȻžʿȫ̧ͷգɫ¶𺳣
壡
ɻʣ
ʥּ
ɻʥּΪѵһ֣ÿһγ֣Զݵɻʣɿܵϣ˵Ҳ˿
½ɻѪϵĴڣֻͳ壬ȴһһɣһһݿԵֿ
ΪѪԵʣһϵĻߣͬʱҲҪɣĻһʥּޱҪ
Ҫģһɻʣ䱾Ǿ֮һǿʵټݣʹûȨһУﵽ˼ߵĳ̶ȣ
μɻʣһƬƬʿ빪ȭǵħڡħڣǹһڣʿʲôΪ˿̾ǴŷĵĹһݡ
յĽɫӰܲɻʣʥּڴ˿̣ɻʵĻ
ߣʲһݼɣǵ涨µĹأΪɱ֮׹ˣ
ɻһ֮Զ֮أΣǴ²ԭҲ浱־ߣǿԼԼɣ
ʶĸ𣬶ɻһҲһء
ڴϹһʿһ֮ʱǽɫӰĿ⸩Ӵء
ʥּһڴˣһڴţһħ޵ħڣ
һӣȴٴҫԻͼ䣬һŲ֪ǺƳɵʥּ˫ִ򿪡
ѪнԻţޡħ֮񣬼ֹͣսݷ⡢ƼѡơܺԶ࡭Ȱˣּ빬
ǽɫӰﻺÿһͬ׺˷صǱֵǰ˸ʿһɫ˲˼
˸֣һսУĿʮʿڹһڵİˣ
⻰ﴫУһĺһ¶΢ЦһսƸӣʵϣȴܼ򵥣˫ΪģȺչֳһʿĶĿԴɻʵע⣬
¶΢Цģǹһڵħ޼սٴּ֮ʱȫȭٴһݡ
ȣɻּ
ǽɫӰһӣнɫʥּһֱأƯ˹һɽ֮һɢ͵Ľ⡣
ЩɫӰûκתһΣʧգģϵĽâɢȥָ糣
ͬһʱ䣬Ǵ⣬˫ʿɱΪңƿڣдⳡսļʿɱʱս˸ڶɫӰû
ͬһĻϣҲʹչ
ʿһݣʥּݣǴͬС죬ǰ˸˵֣ƿյˣ
ֱǽɫӰȥʥּƯڴŰգһƬž
ţ棬̧ͷŽɢȥգɫ¶ӣ̾һһ޵սȥ̫̫ʿΪһᣬȴǲòˣ
Ļᣡ
µܣ˵Щ룬ֻ֣ͬûиȫţҡͷ̾תչ֮
һһٶսʥּʹ˽ħʿȴǵļħޣȥ
ţܶ࣬ħ޵ȴǸ࣡
ħϣħڣ˿ܵĽƷӡĵħ֮ˣ׷һħڵĽҲȻݻٳΪ档
ڲʮϢʱڣ⻷εĽƷӡʹݻһУɱ¾ʿ˰ֵĽ£ǺܱԵ
ͬʱĽʿԪ󶼻ΨǼʮ֮вԪǽƷӡڣ˿ɳǣֱֶһץС
Ԫ񣬶˵Ҫ֮ֻһܶԪ񣬿ͬʱʩٶȣﵽΪ˵ĳ̶ȣ
֮ǰսٴܣһԪһԪȼûȡҪԭ򣬻ҪжԼΪﵽʲôĳ̶ȡ
״̬£ⱣԪԱȡ޷׼ȷжϣԼΪÿһ˿ʹá
ԺУÿսԪҲ¡⼸ʮ֮Ԫȡκοǣ䣬ЩԪͱ봢ռڡ
ţ޷飬ֲ֪˿·ʿȻȫʧһƬš
ħѻ٣Ž㻹һЩҲţϣ㣬ôֻ䣬ڴ̧·Ȼһӡ
һӵ˲䣬ȴǻƺĽƷӡȻĿĹâžĵħУ˺죬ǹâУ⻷νź۶ȥ
ڵĺˮУĲƣŨŨˮɢۿɼģƬı߽⣡
ǽƷӡ߱ƻ֮˿УˮɢΨйâƣֱĵ졣
ɾƷӡһλʱǺڣһ˻˻УȴһɫĺȻȻ
һһȫɫ֮ľ޴½ΪޣϣȴɢŨ
ȻѾ߱һţ˲ɣͬʱǾ޴ͷ­ƵȴЩͬӣټǱһ̣Ϊˣ
צͬһʵϣȴӵϸʵȴаɴϸͷϷһ⣬Ⱦ޴һ㣬ӡ
˿⺣ԾУдĺˮϵƬ϶£ںˮڣŴķɳǺˮ½˲٣
𣡣
ڳֵ˲䣬⺣޴ͷ­ϰɫ˫ۣĶ֣һ˻𣬸˻Уȴ˫ĿϣȻгֻ۾ȻӵĿ
Ӧڴ棬ȴϢڣ˿̳֣һѹʱɢְ˷
⺣ֵ˲䣬ǱĺеڣȻɢһƬɫĹâֵ죬γһĻֹƷӡĺ
ţǺȻһ޴ͷ­ſѪڣһֱ˻ɶ䱳̣ȫɢĺâ
⺣Ȼӵвһս۷Ϊ
ħλ棬ڶǰȥ֮ʱڵħڣΪڵػޣţдټϵħڱԱõħذ


1914 Ҫּ
⺣䣬ſֱɶͬʱһ⣬ԼٶȣԽ˿սٴʿȫУţ޵ķħڣֱħڶȥٶȣò̫ãͿٽħɽţ
ٶֵһ̣ǱɫĻֵĵڣħ̧ͷ˫ĿĶϿգĿ״͸չ֮أշһ顣
浱£ҪɱҲһЩۣҺп޷֮Կ֮ǰɱ˷볤ϣǷ볤ȼײŻĶݽĽΪкܴĲ࣡
ɱ볤ϣҪԸµĺһʱܳɣӣضյϢħ˿̲ĶֵĺޣȻһ㣬޲Ѫһ
ҧУͻȻħһ͵ĵͷ֣ȴڣ̳һһû̻ƣֱħϣڡ
ħȫһ˫Ŀ̱ϣ˲͵Ŀ¶ϲ֮ɫ˴Ц
ˣɻʹȻʥּʥּһǴҵħڣʥּضרŸңħЦУɫһ˿ѹֲסļ
֣ҪɱңҪҵħڵͳʱһɣʥּϾ͵һʥּʹǰɱң
Ҫɱңɱ˽ּ֮ˣǴ·ת£ħϲ
ϲ֮ʱɫĹĻ⣬Ǻֱ֣޴ӣ͸һɾѹѹ֮ǿԾ춯أһн֮£ҶԵУ
Ǻ֮ǿǿֺ֮ƴĪ˲ѣ
ɫ䣬ǼٵĺδǸܵڴĿֲϢ
ǽΪ֮ʹ⺣Уɫ䣬ʵ̻谵ͬƻƻһ㡣
֮ޡ˫ĿȻһڱһ쾫⣬¶һɾ˵ս⡣
Ϊһ̣ȻޱħЫڵ컯󣬵һΣ׵׵ıȫΪ֮
ǵȫսΪȫͷţûдϻǧ꣬۷һ̣
İ׷ȻӳɼٶȣȻԽĳȣڰдĴ£һ۶Ӧʹ˿һƬİɫ
׷ţ·µͬʱȻ̧Ǻٵķһָȥ
ҹ
غȴܵգȻãȻһƬ󺣣Ǻˮ䣬ճΪ˺ɫ
ǺɫĻڣһĽĿĹâǹâ£ӴȻһ٣˫Ŀ¶Ȼ
ĸܵǰʿʩչ֮ͨ޷Ŀ£صǰԼС֮ʱ֮еĿ־塣
ĽУ¶ֵӰǽǻԻ͵ĹâУһ߳Ǵڣɢһǿ֮
ְ֮˷£ʹǺӾҵزһ˻𣬾ȻҿǰǷĺˡ
൱ʿΪͨ£ȴޱĸܵƾȥκˣʼ޷ӳҹ֣޷˺ҹ
ǽĹâɢУʹúҹȻ٣Ҫͬҹȫ˺ѿ
ӡֺȫУ˻ҵʹɲǼȫλȻ˺ҹڱ塣
־ҵʹ࣬ǿȽΪҲ˿޷ܣʹУ˻ſ־ܵ޷۵جΡ
߹棡ӽҪ˺һ˲Ǿʹ糱ˮȫ޽ӽһɲһӴϵڻص
һ̣ǺǱâĿ˫ۣһ֣ûĽȻһɴ
𡭡Ľ⺣ȥȻ̫½ϣʮ̫
̫µӰǿ֮Ǵ𣡣
ˣǵħҲֻѣ˿̣⺣ȥȻǴִ˻㱣ԭ᳼ˣҲˣĽ˿̣һ֮£û˿ԥ
䴫˲䣬ԭ˵ӡǣ̱Ϊ˽̶ֳȵޣѰֶοԲٿأҪ䳼ҪӵмΪǿ
̶ֳȵޣ˴⣬Ѱ֮޷ʩչūֻۣƽȵĹϵԭˣˡ
£䳼˲䣬üģȴɢһɫĻǻֱ֣ץС
ֻ֮ǰ˶޷ãǻ£ȴǰѻ֣
˻͵ȫ
յһ˲䣬صĺɫȫɢܵĴ󺣣ɢȥٴλָԭػǵħڵķ棬һƬʡ
ǵɫĻڵĵħȴڿһĻɲǣ˫¶޷֮ɫȻ
ܣ֮Ȼ֣ħɫȻ¶־֮ɫ𾪵ģǺĳзһֱ̣ȫΪʩչĲҹ֮
Ϊ⺣һЩʱ䣬ȴôҲû뵽ȻֻǶ̶̵Ϣ䣬Ǭת־ʩչǺѡ˳
ޱ޼ʵĿ־壬ɲǼħ˼ҧѪѪһƬѪɢΧɫĻڣļӹĻĵֿ֮
ҲĶ֣ܽʱ䣬Ҫʱ䣬Ӧÿʥּ죬ʱ䣬Ҫʱ䰡ħƷ˫ϵشӡǣ뵺ĹĻС
ǹĻ˸ټӹ̵ɲǣǰһȥǺ󣬽棬ֵĿ⣬˾η
ٽǹĻȭһȻ̧˫Ŀһ£ֱһȭ
䣡
Ǳħϼӹ̵ĹĻһȭ£ֻֿȻƬͬʱ⵺ڵнȻݻ٣¶ϥɢĵħ
Įǵħû˿ͣ٣ֱǰȥһȭǵħһ㣬Ӽٺˣ˫ȫԿȴһ֮£Ѫɫ˵ˡ
֣ɱңҵħΪҪɱң㲻ú
ûпڣ̧𣬾Ҫٴһȭ
ʱͻȻԶգһ޷ݵٶȻɲأǽڣһɫӰ
ɻʹߣɻʹߣʥּˣ֣ҿôɱң㻹ּɣǵħѾ˿̺Ȼ


1915 ǰһڣ
еĽ⣬ɢĿ֮âɲǼְ˷Ϊ˷ĵħȫڣеĽɫӰ·Ȼ̧Уȴʥּ̳֡
ħڣּ
仰ﴫ˲䣬ǵħ¶޷ݵļ뾪ϲӵȻͣ٣˫ֱȭһݣҪ֮ʱϵļȴȻһƬ־塣
Ϊ֣˿û̧ͷȥĻϵĽ⣬ûȥʥּĴݣǽŲûаͣ٣ֱħ̧һȭȥ
һȭǾҵ쾪춯أһȫΪıγһýʿȻ
ʥּ£ɱˣ
ǵħȥ˫УȫΪתȻ˵ħӰ𣬻ңƴֿ
ٴλص䣬ֵһȭ俪ǵӰħֱ֮Ӻ˵ħǰ
ǵħȫһѪƸأӵɫ־ȫʱɢ磬⣬ֱֶȥ
ͬʱĻϱĽɫӰ͵ĵͷ˫ĿĮĶ֣ʥּ˳ϵĵͺȡ
ڻʥּǰɱˣôĵӣ£
ǽɫӰ˫ɱһٴ˵ĵħǺХֱӣ
Ҫɱˣ˵˿ɾȣһΣȭȭֱӺ
һ죬ǰٵȫǵħӵнΪȭУǷĲҽУٴѪӵήɫеĿ־壬ͬһ
ʥּ죬ɱңҲɣǵħɫѪȴһȭನ伸;ƿһ㡣
ΪǰǶ֣
ʥּǰɱˣţΪʹߣɻּ⣬㲻£ּǽɫӰˣ̵ͺһΣֱֽһȥ
УһƬɫӰ˸ĻԼٶֶּȥ
ǽĻڣɢŨһ˲Ϣٽ
һĻǷ˵ĵħУʹ̷Ǿץһĵݣɫ˫£üлûȻڷɳŰѺɫķɵХֱֶȥ
кһ͵תٵĻʹȻһһ֮УȻһġ
һ֮£غ䣬һ޴ӡڻûƶصƣֱǻʹߺȥ
Ǻ쾪춯ؼ䣬޴ӡֱӾʹߵĽĻ¡УǽĻɲǱʹӵа֮ƣ̾ǻʹߵǰ
Ǻ֮ȡһ˲䣬ǻʹѪӵɣǿͣºٴѪɫȻֵĿ⣬¶޷š
졭Ϊ
һƺǻʹߣִһ˦ȫΪת֮£һɺɫ쫷ȻɢٵľŰѺɫɵֱ䣬ǾŰѷɵȫ
ǰһȥɲٵĵħԣ˫Ŀͫױ־ռݵ˲䣬һȭ˵ħؿڣ
һǵħɫ˱׳УһΣ֮׷ϣٴһȭȥ
һٶǰһĻĻͷһĻĻֵʱӲˣȫһȭһȭУĵ׸֣
һȭǵħȻԪ˻УӱѪڼٺˡ
һٶУħЫһĻĻֵļͻ컯һһУ˫¶һɱһΣûٻӳֱۣſӶеĵħ͵һ̣
һ֮£֮ɢʹǵħԪ񣬷һǰ˻
棬ң
ʹߴˣң
ĻʥּĻʹߣ˿ɫٱ仯ҧ֮ǰȻȥٴγ֣Ҫֹɡ
֣ɱ޷ɻּ⣬޷еðĪҪɲɣ
ʹһֻһδʥּľôҲû뵽һξȻ飬Ϊʹߣ޼ǿߣȴδʥּɱˣ
ˣôˣǻʹ߼Ϊŭ˿̳䣬ͺȫУȻһ޴ĽӡûĺХֱҪǵħȥ
˿ǵħԪֵ֮£Ȼֲɣ޷Ӷݣ˾˻
ʹߵĳ֣еĵħΪȥͱҪӶݲſɣ
ǽӡХɲǼ֣Ҫµ˲䣬¶⣬͵ת˫Ŀɢ⣡
ǽڣ̺ɼƬ̺һѹصתɲǣ˫ĿڵĽȻ
ֹʲôݣĳҲɱˣٵĽӡĿУ˲ܵ죬Ȼͣ˰գһ֮ǽӡ޷ǰС
ǽӡĻʹߣڿѹĿ˲䣬̺ɫ䣬ͷƤиܵһϣ
Ŀ⣬ϣѹ֮ΨɻϲſԸܵ޷ɻʱȽϣһ̣ȴʹߣһɻʵĸо
Ҳˣܲˣ˺УǵħȫĿԼԪ֮弱ٱɵĴӰȻ˲ʮɣҪҪȫе˲䣬ɫ¶˷
ҪҲҪᣡʹߴˣּϷħǰҲҪɻּ⣡ûѡԱѡĹͷǻʹߴɻʥּһȫʵֵɱ¾֮٣ΪۣҲҪδù
˻УħԪȻٽֲһɣСУĹ⣬ɡ
һɣ
ĻϵĻʹߣʹּ˿ּ̽Ҫ˼ʥּһѴ򿪣ȥͬʱ
ѪнԻħ޵ħ굨죬ϣħ;ƻ֮ˣ껹ͬħڣԻּ֮ǰ
ɱΪּֽ֣ڵ֪֮󣬴û
ǻʹּУͷѸڳˮûּ֮ǰ޷ʥּ˿Ҳǵһοʥּݣ˵֮ԼҲ
ˣ˵ǵħˣڱȫɵ˲䣬ʥּݣǰһڡ


1916 
ħ˫Ŀһգڴ죬ħԪѹڣĨȥǺڣ˿֮ʱͿƾŴ˷õЩԪȥһ
Ƭ̺˫ۣһ˦䣬洫¡죬ȴǰ߽ĺǵ죬˦䣬类籩ɨһƬ׵ķ档
ħڣʹ˱
ϽеĻʹߣ˿һεվֱ˫ۣЦбȭ
Ī֡Ҳû뵽ɻʥּݡ֪ˣ±ضһɱţ
ɫƽǻʹߣû˵ʵҲΪʥּݣ󼸾䣬֮
ӵıǡҵһδ򿪴ռ䣬ŮһĿռ޾ߣ֪ȥ򡭡ӳԳƱҴʦҲţ˵ĸ磬ɻʡ
Īɻҵ˷ӣѺ󣬸ɻĹϵֳУĻϵĻʹߵľļΪûڣһɬиĵħ
ĵħɣҪϷ֪ˣҾͲɱ¾Ȱʥּꡭ
ֵʲôݣɻʾȻ˵ڵ֮үʮǰѣĪǡʹͫһæɢһ˼µͷ֪Щ飬Լ֪²ġ
ΪټϡضɻӣŪģҪ޲źáʹ뵽ʱ¶΢ЦֱȭҾ
Ī֣Ī֮֡ǰǺͿˡħɱʹһ˵ţһ߲鿴ɫ˿ûԼЩĿһ¡
ˣ˱ض֮ǰγ֡պɻǰ˵ô䣬ҡҡʹ߶ͷˮ࣬һһƬ
ǺǣѣЩݵزҳμ棬ССﲻɾ⣬¡ʹʹæóһöͬʥּһͬĵݸ֡
˼̧ͷɨǻʹһۣӹʥּ󣬲δȥǿ
ʶһɨɫƽȴһڲǿӡʲôݣһƴռĴڣӵĳԪʯ
Ŀǻʹߣûпڡ
Ŀ£ǻʹĽп࣬ҧٴһӣжһƿΪʹмһ˿΢Ц
ˣ⻹һزʲô̫֮ѶҪ£˵ţٴΰƿĵݸ֡
ֽӹ󣬵ǻʹߵ棬ʶһɨдĵҩЩҩ֮ãвٶǼΪ֮
ѰʿѻãҲʹߣ취Ū
ͳݴʹʹĲˣĿɫлͣ˿ֻǾˣǱĿ⣬ڿ굤ҩɶŻʹߡ
ֵĿ£ǻʹٴνпࡣ
̫̰˰ɡ⡭⡭ʹ߻ò¶΢Ц΢ɲĲһ£ݺݵһҧٴȡһöЦݡ
ݶڣһ׷˵ţڼȵʹУݸ֡
ӹһ¶΢ЦЦǻʹУȫ˿ڴ
ʹߴ˲ؿЩزȻʲô֮ĳȴ֮ˡ
ǵģǵģʲô֮ʹ߾ؿЩʹЦ˵
ʹߴħޣҲţޣ֪սˣֻڡ
˷ʥּţ޴ţһڸһսӦýϻŰɡǻʹ߶Դû˵
Ҳڻʳǣ򣬻һתʵ
үԴѺ󣬾һֱڻʳڣ˵ҪȥɻʲʡЩ飬Ǵţʹ˵ҲԾް
ŶоɣЩݡ΢Ц
ǻʹæͷ֮ǰּʱͲһ㣬˿׿˵Ϊȷϡ
Ը񡭡Ҳδǰôҡͷ̾˵
үǻʹԥһ£뵽ʥּԼ֮ǰĻڡ
µݣү˰˵ƵүʮǰѺԸǰЩһʱ򣬻ǸӡʹԥУڡ
һЦвٿڡ
ǻʹ߼ˣ֪ˣȭһݡ
ѣʥּΪ֮ã˵ؾݺԶ贫Ͱ˴ηɴﵽҪȻȥͲͬ·ˣ˻ʳǺ±ضȥӭǻʹ˵ţ΢Цˣ뿪ԼһЩʱ䣬һǾ仰ǵֲϲԼҪϡǹ֮ı
ֱǻʹȥϵЦɢȡ֮һƬ
û뿪ħڷ棬ϥǷеһʯϣĿ˸
ǡ̰ĺฺܶ˼Ѿɣյ˵֮ǰԸ񣬻Ϊͬ
ǻʹߵĻڣҲ͸¶˼Ը仯ֻǲ֪񵽵ױóʲôӡ
üͷ̧ͷԶգ˼
ĸıԸôʮ꣬ɻʲŻּ⡭лңʮǰʱЫڣʹ컯֮С
ʥּݣ˼¶䣬̧ڵԶȻһӣȴһɺڷХȥţмĲҽд
ĺݣһȷһΪĺݣȻҪħţȻŹԶȥţ޵Щħ
Щģݸ߹󣬲ϧԴǰʿ֮Ϊ˵ЩһһΪ⣬ڵһˣ
ħڵ棬Ӧþ·ϣΪҪħڵͳ˱ҪҾҲ鷳ҲǺңǰ׷ɱ
𡭡֪ҴϻΣʯϣԶ
˵ħڵѡҪôȥڣ붫ٳڣҵԴܷ۳
Ҫôȥݣﵽʲô̶ѨǷ񻹼ǵңɻʣֵ׳ʲôͷ
ʦ˵֮λɻ棬Ǵ֮һҪȥ˵Σֱ˫ۣҹгĬ
ħ޵ħڣ޼֮أһ켲۶ߣǳڣһ෢ߣһƽ˫Ŀȴ̲ŭ
һμ䣬غԶһʧӴĴۣ֮һֱԶȥ
ǵһ£ħڵ棡


1917 
ʳǣһҪȥģΪνлΪҵǷµԣҽضҪõǻָ䣬Ա䵱Ѫ֮¶ᶨ֮â
ض
ķӣжҪȥʳǿһǷȫָ˼䣬ûźȴ
ʲôԸ񣬸ıҲãûиıҲգǶϲ֮ҲҪȥۿһֳĬȴ¶һ˿ꡣ
ķӣ֪ʲôǷ񻹻統һʱʱǽ
㣬ˣ
㡭ҧ㣬ҧ㣡
̵ģڱǰװ
ˡС죬ү硭
ȥҸ磬챾ˣȥˣҪȥ桭ң湻ԼȥҪǸһȥҾͺϾϵ
ѪǿǷǳǳɷɡףˣизɷɵСŮҳʲô
ƴӵڵĵħڷڣҹ̾ǵãȸУǷӳֱסԼΪԼֵһʽͨ
ǵãڵλεУԼӶƮεУ˷ӣ뷲Լ߹˼¡
ϣûб仯̫࡭еѺ٣࣬ӣһ
ʵϣӵģ̸࣬϶Ƿӣ֣д
ʳǣһҪȥضΣգȥ֮ǰһЩ׼ֳĬУȻ˾ϡ
𡭡һгǴĹƬϳ˵ͼ⣬һЩԴĽܣ֮⣬ڶ磬Ҳ˵һЩйش顣
ɻʣ˼Ϊ˼𣡡
ڣʮǿһڣ˫Ӵ𣡡
ݵһڣڵһ𣡡
Ǭڣ𣡡
ݣɻ⣬һ𣬱Ǿõ۴𣡡
֮أʮУλǿߣ̫
Ŀ˸λΪһ֪ض磬Ϊ¡
һ˴ںȥʳһУΣյĳ̶ȽΧ½Ͼɻʰ˼ҪɱµҲһԵɣϾǳԽ˽Ĵڣ½ϣΪ
ÿһλ£Ҳӵвλѣ½ϣʿ񲻳һǧˣ
ɱѰҲͰˣһɱ֮ˣԾ̶ȵʿô飬һ𣬶᲻ݣ
ΪԾʿΪϡٺ½Ծʿֻʮˣ
ʮˣд󲿷ֶչز½һطܱΪߣɡ
ǴҲһأϾǴ£ǿߣǲƺһȥս𣬷Ļ𲻻ȥΪǿҪ档
һԾʿĳ˴ضڿ˵֮ΪĸƽʱмӣΪ̶ֳȵʿǴת֮ʱõػߣ
ԾʿǱɱҲͰˣһǶԣǳΪ£ضݣ
ϵϵպϵתҪػûһ𣬻Ծʿᡣ
Ծʿ̫̫٣
ڹ壬򲻱ˣʦڡףΨһĵӣ壬ȴǾܰѴ±¶ĻΪضܴĺɱ
壬гʿ
ʦ֮£ǷҲ֪Ψǹһ֪ʦȻùһ֪ûڶ罫ɱˣضаգһڲ˵¡ھԭ䲻֪ȴʦ𣡡
ڴ˵֪ӵйѪͬޣҲ⣬ǰǲ֪ʦĹϵ
½ʱҲˣף½ѾһЩѪĽڣĽ£һʿͬӵйֻûлùĳϰˡ
һӵй壬Ѱʿȥˣڴ򲢷ˡ
֪һ㣬֮£ЩȥʲôԼԶ磬ҪڴɲأҲضԲҴ¶ڴ˵Ǻ£Ϊеֵ֪
˵ἫΪ𾪣жʿֵ߳Ϊ£һжҪҪֵѡ
Ҫע⣬Ψչ¶ԼΪɱΪһͿ壡
ӵͻĿ˸ľϸᡣ
ɻʿԲˣˡҶԵһ𣬻Ǿõ۴𶼲ϤΨͬǶ޵˫Ӵڶйһ֮ԴֵԺУֳǶ̰ʱǽ޺ͺɰСŮ
ע⣬ôԼѰңõķʽ˫Ŀһ˫ۡ
ڵǵħĵҪԼ۷״̬һսԼΪ׵ʲôĳ̶ȡ
Ѿ޷ȽԼΪ׼ȷжԼ״ﵽʲôĲߣΨ𣡣
ȴУǱѹƵĵħԪ񣬱ȴû۳ڶóõǼʮܵԪ񣬴ѡʺϵڶµԪһһɡ
ʱȥʱսһ̣ɸŸµԪڴ죬ڶһȻ۳
ڶֵ˲䣬͵˫ۣܣԼʩչٶȣˣ
ҲҪִ֣һ˦ǼʮԪУѡ߸ϵʿԪȫɺΪʿԪ񲻹һսٳڵԪںصУȻ֣
ֺһת˲ʩչ֮ͨٶȣԵ˸ı䣡
Ǳֻʿͬʿֻʩٶӣ޷壬ص㣬ΪʿһԿʿɶɣ֣ǿ
ǼʮԪ񣬲β룬˿̱˴󣬱;
֪ħԪ񣬿ҵӼ˫ĿպϣʼǵħԪ
˿մ䣬ͬʱħ޵ı߽ϣһžƣɲǾʹԽ޵ı߽磬̤ħޣһʿ֮ǰⳤĺХ׷𺳣˿ðͷ
޵Ľޣ˵ֱӣ


1918 壬ǵ
ѻһּΪԵֻͨڽΪԪ񣬼ʧȥһеķ֮Ǳ۳ԪȴǺѱѻꡣ
ǿȥʩչѻҲֻܵõһЩƬεļ䣬޷ȫΪԶԶ˽֮󣬻ſ
־ܿսʤ𣬵֮Ϊ֮ںϺ󣬷ܴﵽսʵΪֻǿսٳڶѡ
ħԪֵڱУͼѻֻ꣬õһЩؽҪļ䣬ûţħ޽սأеģֻһЩ˼
ħ棬һ¡ڳ߹ҵ֮ʱȵУ˫ۣĿоһ
ڣ˵
һ𣬱һֱۣһƬӰɲǶĸܵߵĲԼʩٶȣǿֲ֮
⣬Ĺؼֵڣ
һڵ壬жٶȣ̧ͷһΣ壬ȴϥֻǰ⣬ȴŤ˵ڶ֡
ڶվ¶΢ЦǰȥУʮķ棬ٴŤ£ֳ֡
üͷվ￴գ֪Щʲô
ܿ죬ܵⲻϵŤУĸֱ˾ʮ˸ӰϥзУߣʩչͨлȭͷԲͬⷽԲǧڣէһΪˡ
ǵھʮ˸ӰϥڵһӰԱߣһһΨ鲻ͬ
ʮ˸ӰļˡһֵӰϥУȴһӰɢڶĸֱھʮ߸Ӱȫһһɢ
ʮ˸ӰԿǷԼٶȣڴﵽһĳ̶ȺµӰٶȣȻˡ
ͨﵽЧܼ򵥣ﵽٶȣѰ
γɾŵȴû˵Ϊޣھŵ֮󣬻µı仯
ǿҽҪͨϥĿ˸δĵ·Ѿȷ¾Ϳȥߡ
飬ȥʦʦͬʱԼǿȥκεطѰ꣡
ڵսܸߣΪЩϹֱȽϣܶࡣ
ҵľŵԴݣҵ⣬Ϊ۳֮ʹйһΪӦÿһ㣬ﵽսڣ
ͬģԴΪⱾԴٶһҾӦÿԴﵽսٺڽ
վѵ֮Դٸֹ֣һӦûǿսԲΣ
Բ֮ҵбԴ۳ôֹһҵΪԽ˿սԲﵽһֽڴĳ̶ȣ
Ҿ֪ܲʦ˵ҪĪĻԵҪ̫񾳿пû컯
ʹԴۣĹһ˵Ϳɳɴ𣡡ֳĬ˫۾һжķҪʱ֤
ҵķȷô֮ϣضһΣΣǵĲҲǡΣҪԴһ۳Ψһﵽĳ̶ȣ
ĳ̶ȣӦǾҲûдﵽʼ׷ֻΣ棬ʵͷԴ˿̼Ϊ˵Щж²⣬ȴδҪߵĵ·
ʵ֮һб֪
ⱾԴ֮ԴûãеĽľֱԴӦһЩֳУ⽥ɢԶУһƬ졣
̧ͷԶգվӣз紵İ׷ĳУʹϳһʡ
ˣֵ˫ڣȻս⣡
ע⣡
ʮޣ
սΪʼ
ź֮ɢأһƬɱĺ죬һҪĻƣֱƬħڷХ
ǳڣһ෢ߣ
ɲǼ䣬غ֮ȻɢͬڼΪֵķڣͻȻžһغͻȻɢȥ˲䣬ǳҲ֮أһƬš
ǰ⣬һӰ
ǳ෢ߣߴһϮۣŽߣҲ½Ǵһ̫ͼ̫ͼ֮ɫƴ˵
ҵħڣǳ෢վ֣֮ڣƽ¶˿ĲڴУȴǻԽԽ࣬ԽԽң󣬼˻𣬴һ춯صȫ
ǣƽվ˫Ŀͫһڡ
ҵħں󣬻ȱ٣Ҫս𣿡ǳ෢߿ƽɫĿ
ǵģǳ෢ߣƽڡ
ãǵħû˿ӣûŭ¶Ϊĳ̶ȣĲȻʹǵһ£ܲǿ𣬵ǿվ۷ڡ
ҸսĻᣬܽȭٵħ֮£ʹ˰ݣħһ˦̧ɣһȭ¡
һȭУɫ䣬ȴħڷʱŤŤıһпռ任ʹΪ˵Ĵһ
ŤУ֮·˲Ϣ䱻෢һȭգʹռڣκ֮
ΪļѾʩչʲô֮ͨΪʿΪʿ֮輫ΪǿҪѵڣʹԼ壬ǵ
ΪֻѰһȭһţûк俪ص֮ȴ̺˻һеĴ켣ǳ෢ߣڳΪһº󣬵һĻ
һȭ£˫ͫ͵׷޷Զ˫Ŀ¶쾫⣬ܵһȭĿ£һȭѰʵȴȫںϣһȭض
һȭУ̺˾֮ͨͨӡֻһȭͿɷ
֮ΪһȭУκνʿҪȻ־壬һȭԺɱٴϣ
ǰĵ־ȫڣһĵУ壬ǵȭͷǵ
ܵŤְ׷Уûкˣǰһȥ̧ͬһȭ
û̾ʹţƾԼսȥԼûл£Σ
һɲǴӼžУһ¡죬ĩǵħһȭУŰ˷ȻȴŤ谭޷ɢֻ̫࣬Ͽշγɳ籩һ㣡


1919 
Ƿ籩ڣǰ죬ȭͷջأһУŵŵ˳һ£һɫɢĽӡ
ڶ£һīɫ̧ʱһƬֲǵĽӡУһأȻΪ˽ɫһһ㼣
У̧ͷǷ籩ڵĵħ档
籩ɢǵħ棬һ߳ɫƽ֡
ڱһȭвˣֻƳڵͨȷлٵħڵʵ
ֿŵħ棬ɫأǷŵһȭԷȭͷ̺˾ֻ֣ͨܵ˺޷ͨɡ
ʵôǿоһҪսģ
ԭεΪôսԺڲϵظַŵħһȭ˫۽¶֮â
ѧϰ
еڶȭǵħУһͷ෢޷Զ˫¶֮âȻ̧ȫ̴ʵ֮伱ٱ仯ΪУ˵ڶȭ
ڶȭһħ̺һ֮ƾճ֣˺գ˺˴أʹܣɲǼΪһƬޣ
һƬޱ޼ʵޣһƬУֿ죬أ˱뵽һ磬ֻʣһ˴ڣгֵһȭ
һȭڣ̺ʮͨڣһȭٽֱֶ
һȭʿǿȡ񣬻һƬȻû˿ʸȥֿ³ʮͬʱ֣Ҳ޷һȭУһϢʱ䡣
ѾϵĲ࣬ʣ
ʿʩչ֮ͨУͨ󷨺ɱǿķʩչΪ仯ڵ壬ͨһȭһż䣬ϣ߳һﲻֹ
ʮ̺ͨڣһȭǿڵڣһ㣬˫Ŀ˸Ȼ̧ȭ֮£ٵĵڶȭֱӺȥ
ڵ壬ҵĵΪ֮ںϵһȭûͨеֻ־һ¶ս⣬һȭǰȻߣһͺ£ٵȭͷȻ
֮ɲǼصޣԽӾ룬޺Ȼ˱ļ󣬽˲䣬ֱ˺ѿγһƬı
Ŵ޵ıջħ޵գǵħڷĴأվħɾ롣
ѪӺƱһɴŵŵŵ˳߲ÿһ£ӡԲ߲֮ͬڴµұ۲Ѫһεڵ档
ǿĵڶȭʮ̺ͨڣһȭͨԸأһƬռ䡣͵̧ͷˣֲȥǵѪԶĵħ档
ΪߣսǿԴﵽĲΣֻ㻹֪ĵ룬Ӧսģһ𡣡ħ棬ǰȥڣֵĿ⣬Ҳء
һ֪νսʿȻܽȭ˲
߳ʮǵħ¶⣬վͬһ֮飬ֵ̧֣
ܽһȭħ֮£һʹһȭȫһȭɱ㣬Ǳ޷ɱ㡣ٵħڣҲضҲʣȭսᣡħ棬ڡ
һȭ̺˶ʮͨܽ¼֣ǵħ˵ţ̧֡
֪ԼӲ¡һȭԽԼȫɱǵҲ޷һȭвд棬׵
𣬲½ϣԾ⣬ǿ۷壡ֱ˫ۣͻȻţͼڣͼɲǳ֣˲ӣȫͬʱֵΪϢȻ
ϢţɢÿһѪڣӿֵԪ꣬ʹֵΪ̴ӿսٳֱ˿սڣȴûнٴαֱﵽ˿սٺڵ۷壬ﵽ˽̶Ⱥƽ
ͻȻı仯ǵħ˫Ŀһ
ţţϿɣߵ̶ֳȣţħɫͬһ˱仯
ʮڣѹʮ꣬Щ꾡ܶǱѹѹȴǿЩ걾ǿҲ
лһЩѾ꣬ɻŵģֻһҡħЫ꣬ԭΪǿ󣬿ѹҲСʱ伫ΪԶţγɵʱ䣬ʶȻ̫̫ࡣ
ţȻʮУţǺߣʱ̣ţǼΪǿ֮飬ʮڣڵʮλ
ûϿɣ̫ѣǻŵĻ꣬ÿһڶʹߵĴڣϿɣֻǳϿɣǽʱΪ࣬ҲǿսٺڣﲻΪ
һʶߣûУҲмΪټһЩˣԵɺУԻø߶ȵϿɺ󣬽ﵽ
𣬾һеļޣٲܳˡǿԻݻʳѹһĸ߶ϿɣԴﵽ˴˻⣬ܡ
ҪǣܽﵽټʿҪ̫࣬Ծ޼Ϊһڣͬһʱֻ˿Իø߶Ͽɡ
һħ棬δ˵λ𣬿Ϊͬʱ߱ĳһ޻ĸ߶Ͽɡ
ּʣȥȳԾļʶҪͣڵµĴˡ
ܽȭԾ߱ĳƺţȻţĸ߶Ͽ֮ˡ⡭ħ棬ֵĿ⣬¶ܾûе
κһ𿴵ἫΪ⣬¡ǲ֪˻սܴﵽʲôĳ̶ȣħĿһ̧ȻȭΣһȭ
һȭ˲䣬̺ʮͨ仯ȭͷȻ֮䣬γһĪкڶڶһϢڳֵɲǣħڵķƬתۼͱкڶɡ
գҲ̮һ㣬ڴŤ£˻εӣкڶɡ
Ǵأ˿ҲΪ˹İԲ״кڶ
һĺХкڶУֱֶȥ
˫ۣȫתΪһɴδйǿϱĸܣ˫ĿһһУȻԣ˵ڶ塣
ǵڶУȴܣĸֱھʮȻûоʮΪУһΪ档
ҿһ˲ʮͨһս


1920 Ҳ࣬㲻࣡
ڵһȭһţһһָ䣬̺ͨһ֮ޣǿչ֣ǵħ棬ڶʮͨһȭУԺ俪أɱһ֮ޡ
ص㣬ͨ࣬Ͼ֮ͨе𲢷ǿӵʮ֮࣬ȴ԰һͨʮΣһԻͬǿս
ص㣬
֮γ󣬿һ֮£־ʮ߸Ӱٶȴﵽ˼ߵĳ̶ȣ˾Ϊǿ󣬵ȴֲֻſķ˲ʮ˵֮ͨ
ΪսȻﵽ𣬹ʶſսߣٸӰٵͨҲɲĶ֡
ѧϰʹʩչˣ䱾ֻжʮߵͨ壬ٲӰʩչͨҲֻ䱾Ķʮߵͨƶѡ
ΪļޣǶʮߣܳԽͬһƿӣֻװôˮ¼ǹٶ࣬Ҳֻ
ֲͬʵսĴڣѪǻѪĴڣ֮棬ѪҪ
һĽ֮ںϺչֳսӴޱȡ
ҲΪֵʿΪںϺ󣬿Խսǿԭڣ⻹һԭ򣬱ڶ绹ûôǿ½ȴͻͽص㣬ǾУǾǿ
ںϺʹӵսص㣡
ƿӣΪڵˮǿʹƿӲǹ̶ͬӵ˵һ㣬Բϵ
ǻѪĴڣʹֵ֮ı仯ֱ仯ƽʱû¶ȴҲʹǿԭ֮һҲʿ޷ĸ
컯ʱҪģ֮£ȴǾ춯أ
кڶٽ˲䣬ڣʮ˸ûʮ˸֣ûȥʩչʮͨȫֻʩչһ֣
ʩչ˾ʮ˴ڻţڽߵ۷ΪУõһ˿ţļͨţײ
ţײ԰ѽߵΪչֳ
ʮ˸壬ȫ˫̧ͷγţǵӣһ಻ϵĵͺ£ǰȻһͷײȥ
زպȻһƬް㣬ֱɢأֻʣǵħԼкڶоǾʮ˸֣
ȴʮ壬һײ֮£һһɢֻһ壬ؼ䣬ʩչ˾ʮ˴ţײ󣬷һͺ
ͺУֵ󣬺Ȼһ޴ţ֮ӰӰΪʵͬţһ㣬ڳ֮󣬷һţ֮
ţ֮ӰͨɫɢһɲɣϢ̺˲صƣӴͷ­̧ͷ޴ĺڽǣһײУţ֮Ӱһͷ·ǣֱײȥ
ţײ
ԶԶһֻǾ޴ţ֮ӰڣͷڽֱӾײٵкڶϡ
һĻǻᣬΪ
䣡
кڶ̺Ķʮͨһײ֮ºȻݻ٣кڶǲУײķѣ߽⣡
кڶıֻţײӴͷ­һ٣ȴ޷ֹţͷ­ֱħȥ
һм죬кڶɲǣţͷ­ĺڽǣٽ˵ħǰ
෢ɫȻ仯¶ĺȻӼٺˡ
ʮ˵ͨںϣûڵ壬ַʽȴǿԴﵽƵЧڵǸǿ
ޣǾʮŵһԾ𣡣Ϊ󣬾Ȼǿ󣡣෢ߵͺ˫Ȼ̧ǰΡ
ԿԾˣ޷ڵ壬ʮ˵ͨ㲻һ壬ʹǿںϣҲҲѵֿ
ÿһȭͷ£Ƕʮߵͨ۶ţһײԿʹţһײ̺ľʮ˵ͨһһɢ
֮ǰкڶײʹţڵͨ˽ʮ෢ߵȫ£ٴαʮ
ɻʮͨûɢɲǼ䣬ײ෢ϣһѪУȴؼ䣬Ȼٴγ˾ʮ˸ӰͺһڶţײȻ֣
УٴγһӴţݺݵײȥ
ǿʵÿٶȣһҶ޷ȫԿڶٶȸ죡̫ǿȻԳͨ
෢Ȼˣֵڶͨ»ţһͷײɲǣϴŵǼɫۣȴͻȻһڴϢ
ۣǵһͣڹؼ֮ʱ𵽱֮ã
˿Ϣֵɲǣȴħߵϣǵ̻ûһģӰӰֻǵһϵһ˿
ӰֵļΪͻأӴţ˫ײǵħм䣬͵תһȭţײ
һȭΪѰͬ˺Ĵһ㣬ضһƬƽûг˿࣬ӴţȴһȭУȻھʮ˵ͨɲǼɨȫݻ١
ţ֮Ӱ˳ɣɫ԰ף˫ȴǼΪ
һ𣡣
μһ𣡡ģӰ󣬵ħ棬˫ֱȭӰһݡ
Ӱģ˿ȴۿɼģģѸٱ仯תۼȫ¶ò
һŵ۵꣬ҲǶʮӣһͷڷ磬üĿΪӢ˫ۣͬǿһ㣬֮᲻ɵĳڡ
һ򵥵ĵѰվ˿̣ȴ첻ز粻ﲻصתƶһ˲䣬ȫľֹ
ǰһЩƯЩ֮ǰսо𣬱Ӧ£˿̣ȴ˰Уһ
ܵϣǱĴأԭмڱħĽսನ˺ѿ˿̣ȴȫֹ㲻
һĻ˫ĿͫģоԼĻУʱһֹ
侪˵ģǵһĵħ֮ǰѪҲڵͿգǿҪ´أȴƯ
Ǵôֻǵһϵһ˿ѡһ˿ȻԾ߱˾˵ѹȻﶼѹ£Ҷ
ֿǰˣﱻֹԼأһֺ󣬲Ҷ
ʸ񣬸ҡߣҲ࣬㲻࣡Ǻڷ꣬쿪ڣ֣˫Ŀ͸޾ǻǳĹâ


1921 ֮
Ǻڷ꣬һ𣬿֣̺һһ֮ˣʱ޾ľηŷ
ĻصĹ򣬷ĳŵ
Ҳ࣬㲻࣡
ǵһ֮ʱһصĳŵһƻƽɫ糣˿һŵȴأ
һӰ֮ĵħ棬ŵɫȻһ䣬и㲨͵Ŀ֣Ŀ¶ӡ
һһ꣬ԵһЩ˽⣬ֳŵܴӵһ˵ټ
Ҫ֪һʱҲֻ˵һ䡰Ҳ࣬ʮ겻࣡
˿̣ħһĻоȻûмʱ䣬һҲ࣬㲻࣡
һ仰̺壬̫󣡣
˻ţ߶Ͽɣ־߱˽ӽսǴϻ󣬿޵ĽӽԾ𣬴ˡѹִءħİ̾
ֳĬһ֮أĵһҴ˻еĳŵֿ
𣬴¶¼ΪҪ޷̾ϣ迼ǡֱȭŵһһݡ
ֲֻһ󣬾̾ǵħһս֪ĵҪԼһЩ
ֻպպѡһ棬˽ʳǣŻΣ
Ǻڷ֣ǻ۵˫ۣƿԿ͸ֵһ˼΢΢һЦ
ʱ䣬սȥܴھŲ㣬һ㡣˵ţתĵħ棬ںϣ֮ǰĵۣӰʧ
һʧܵأһԭֹ֮ȻָԭĹ켣£綯
ָܻ֮ǰָоľѹҲ֮ɢ֮ǰһĻδһ
ǵħ棬̾һһȭ
ħ֮£һʹʧ˼̸һĻᡭǿߣκʱ򣬶໥صģħһսǿսõ෢ߵء
˵꣬෢תҪȥ
֮Իٵħڣħȫ֮֮Уһˡֻڣȥʲôħ棬ֵͬء
ǳ෢߽Ųһ٣Ĭ졣
ˣѭ˵ħ֮٣˴ڣҲնһ£Ӵ֮κǣңһʵǳ෢߳̾һۡ
һУΪ̣սĳ̶ȣҪѡ棬һǺܺõѡ
Уɻʰ˼Ϊݾõ۴ΪԵΪȻԾ⣬¡
ⶫݵ˫Ӵ𡭡Ǵǿ֮ˣһתʱѣ»ˣ޷ָܴԸºͣȴҵѡ񡣡ǳ෢ߺףһȣħͬһ¼ȻħȻΪ˴֮£һ𽻶񣬵òʧ
Ҫǣ𣬻ּΪǿ֮ޣʶ԰һЩΪҪ֪飬һһ˵ԴĨȥ֮ǰĲ졣
Щ֮ǰͲ֪˿ţɫ糣ȴһ
л֮ԡֱȭ
ҼȻ㽻սĵһض֪֮£棬ڣһĵط˵רΪ׼ʿ׼ȷΪжϡ
ʮŲ㣬ΨʿɴҵΪǰһΣֻ˵㣬ڵĲʧܡǳ෢߻ڡ
˫Ŀһžһȴ֪Ǻ˿෢ߵʱ˽һЩ
һ˵ģ̫񾳴ܴʮŲ㣬պ̫񾳺󣬻г˵ļʣΪ
𣬾ʮŲһ̫񾳿ʱĪ컯Ϊ˴𣡡ǳ෢ԴûбЩ飬˵ֽӴҲ֪ʲôܡ
ν֮أʵ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪܵõϿΪʿκһѰһȫĵطչأԪϣٶȷУʮϢ󣬾Ϳɽ洴֮أ෢߿գ˵
˵ĹҲģ̫񾳣һʺϹ֮˵֮ء
дţʵɹŵ֮ϣһλ½ǿߣͬʱĴ֮أֻֻǴţҲ֪̫ࡣǳ෢˵꣬һȭ
ѣ˵ϷѾȫ֪㣬ǣ෢߿Ϊ˷ĵħڣһΣԶһ磬תʧ
ֱȥվĬĿԶίľܾ˵һһλᣬȴûаڡ
𣬳ɻһ⣬ˡսһս󣬽һսԽ࣬ҸԽ࣬Խ
֮ءû뵽½ĵطǲ֪ǵħ˵뷽Ǽ١
ֳУϥ£ڣԺвϵĸǵħһսḶֳ́ǵһһȭ
һȭԺڲϵظ֣ȡȫˣشһȭС
һȭᣬȴ̺һ׽͸ʱţת۱¡
Уϥһȴһ֮ʹ˿Խӽ
ħڷϣһţ޻ĵħʿڿƬһ𺳣ǿϥ֣ϳݡ
ȴ޷̤Ƿ֮ڣʱһЩ˱ſ־壬ɢȥֻǻһЩħʿûߣǾԶٽ
һһꡣ
һʱ䣬˵ֻһ㱶ѣֱһĳһ죬ֻ˫ۣŴ˿ҹɫգ¶⡣
һȭ뾡һзֶΣԺڲϵܲ°Σûһֻֿܵǵһһ˿ֳ̾
ΪߺϲãҲƽȽϣ̫ˡ
˵ˣȴҲкܶǵħһսڵһȭ̺ʮͨҿȥģ£ѧϰ¶֮âһս˵νǻ˼ĸд
ҪһطúõһΪĳ̶ȣ½ȥã
˿վӣֿһܷ棬ȻܵǴţ޸ϻĵħ˴ڡ
ˡǰӰɲʧ


1922 һ
ɻʵʥּʳû˵ʱ䣬ҲȻ̾ȥ
һꡣ
УڵһɳĮĵصףٳһϥչأǵħһսá
ɳĮص׶ڣ˫ۣĿһƬɫ̺ǳڡ
Ϊڲ£ҲһȭУ̺˾ŵ̧֣ͨǰһ֮£ƺڴ
ˣһȭȴǱǰҪǿ١ǵħ棬ĵһȭҲ䲻£
ֵǵħĵһȭ˺꣬Ϊɣսȴ˲١
ϧУҵĹ۲о£ʿٿٳѣһŸ𣡡ǿħһսУĸܡ
ֻ֮ǿΪߣԽˣһ̶Ⱥ󿪱ٳµѶȾԽߡ
ĵħԪ񣬿ԿٳġҪٳҪŸ
ַʽ٣ʵǡ̫ˡҪŸ𣬵ҪŸ𣬵ڰĪҪŸԾ𲻳ɡˣôھѵҪŸ𡭡ھһ͹ˡֿЦ
Ҫȥǿսǿ֣
ҵʵΪֻǿսٳڣΪƣһȭҲŵͨҪýľֱԴ۳ʹںϣΪߵսڡ
һҾͻͨǲ֪˿սں󣬿٣
֮⣬Ҫս༸ע⡭εĽսУҲҪ̽ѰķǷǵħ˵ӡ
Ŀһϥվӡ
֮أһҪȥҵΪԴ㣡
һμ䣬˶ɳĮ֮ϣһ˦̳һ޴ĺǺһֵͷ£Ŀ¶֮ɫ
ɫƽ̤⺣ͷǺһΣһǰٶȥתʧӰ
ڣţһΪţΪڣǶݾʮ֮һֻڣֻнʿû𣡡ϥںͷϣǰУԺڸֳǹڵĶ޵Ľܡ
˵ҪʿԪ񣬵޳𣬰ˣĿһºһתӵ޶ȥ
ǹģĵ޵ڣڣ
ϵĵͼƺܴ󣬵ʵȴֻһ֣Ҫȥ޵ĵڣȡڵĵͼ򡣡
ֵΪǽޣǵŻڣ˵ȻԸǣҪСȻȥû˿ֻ֮Ѱɰˡ
ǵȥţԺǹ׵ͼһı䷽ºֱɲʧӰ
ڣòɳĮ಻ϵɳĮ纣ÿʱɳͿɳΪڿµɳ
ֳǿʱ÷ǿʱʿҲҪ֮ɫ䣬̱ܿҿΪǿɳڣ̺һĴɴʿмǿã˲ʿԪ޷ӳ
ִ̺ɳƼԶԶʱܿ޵ĶȴôһƬ򣬼걻ɳڣǳÿᱬһǿ֮ÿʱܷԲӰ
ƽ֮ʱػ谵޾籩ʹⷽѽ롣
޶Ƭĳڣһ޵ţţ
ޣΩеڣΪ޵ľͷ˸ǣӴţޡ
˿̣ڳڣ谵һƬŤһӴĺû亣ͷһ֣п˺Х
Ƿ羡쳣񱩣ϣȴķ˿޷𣬺ֵӰΪãʵһ
ں˿ںǷĴĿ¶⣬򳾱
Ŵ˵صĳ̺˷ıԴ֮ƽúǰȥǷǰŰɳȴٽֵɲǣͬһ㣬ɢ
ķƬģһɫĹĻﷶΧʹó޷ڡ
ǵŵڡ
ţͬһԴǳԵüΪ⣬ڸɽˮ¥дĵŵһæµķУڡ
ŵӲһľʮŽȻͬţֻҪߣҪѰˣ
˵ڣȽɭϣ־ŵȵͬʱÿһӵס·ԶԶţΪţֻӣ
ѼĴۣȫӣǶһЩʸΪߣŸǸԴ
ڣһΪϡ٣ֻвˣھŵ࣬
˿̣УڵڣһƬĸ¥Уһ¥ڣϥʿ
ʿһһŮеλҲʮ꣬òΪӢȴһ֮ΪߣڵڶĿ硣
ԱŮӣδɣ͵Ŀߵӣɫг
ʱͻȻϥӣӾҵĲɫŤƼΪʹ࣬ǷһƵ˻
ȻıʣŮɫһ䣬ǰ˫ְؿڣϵİΪ֮ӿȥ
֮ʹ֮ɫ٣͵˫ۣȫ̶̵ʱڣȻˮʪ
㡭Ѿ˺ܶΣҪȥˡǸΣôҪôŮӿӶͷµĺˮҧ´ڡ
ӳĬŸ¥Ĵ⣬֮ƽ
ǸΣҪ
һҪôŮ´ҧѪ
¶ã
ΣѾҽꡭһˣҿӣܸܵҵĴڣΪһӡ
ֻһΣֻ࣬һΣŮˮǰһٶӡ
ôǽӣã
ֻһΡŮᣬסӣʧȥߣϵ˵һ仰
ģֻһôӱ˫ۡ
˿̣ãУǹĻ⣬ɫ糣ɹŰĳǸܵ⳾̺Ĵɴ˵ӡ
ͣֵĽ£޴ĺ֣Ƿвһ˫޴ۣȴǶǰĵţ¶ɭɭ⡣
棬ǳŰգɢͬһ˲䣬ھص뵽ÿһ˵񣬰ǸãĽӡ


1923 
޵ڣ޾Уֵص֮䣬ǳĺХһҲ޷ѹֵ£һкƽӽ˾ֹһ㡣
Ҳֻǽӽܵĳɻڱ仯ɳɻڷ衣
ɾˣһĻȴǸ˵ʿһ񺳶ķ籩
£ΪԽ֮ˣԽ޵ڣΪûдﵽΣҲǿսٺʿ
ˣǿ֮ޡ
˿ǵڴѵ״ӣɫ࣬ŭָһˣӲѹ
ʱֵХûΪѵͽʿ֮ģʶΪߵĵӣһɵֻֿ˲Ϣɫ仯ֿɨ֮С
ǵȴɫȻ䣬Ժͬʮ䱬ʹɽѹϵĴһμ䣬˼̻һֱ֮⡣
ҲȥҲӣ
ǵŽߣչأߣ׾߳˿չ֮أϥ֮УͻȻںֵһּΪԵķʽǿеƿһ赲
Ž͵˫ۣĿ¶Ȼ𾪡
𣡣һ˲䣬ܣԼǰֻǱƬеһɨͿԼһ
־ֱһΣֱ˲ƶȥ
֮⣬ڣڵһ¥ڣǽӣһ˲䣬Ȼһ¶˱ȷŻҪŨã
ˣߵǸŮӣҲһ֮䣬˫һ˲ã
ţУȫ𶯣ȴǾη˫ĿãߣΨһһŮˡ
ֻǣԶҲ֪ڷŵһ˲䣬ƵһĻ
⣬ƽվںͷǰһƬŤУֵĵŽ棬Ǵ˿糤һӵڼٵĵ
ǽڳ֮󣬵һۿµĺڿɲǣһľҪ֪൱ʿеĽΣڽϸߵĳ̶ȣǵħҪǿһЩ
ΪǵŽͷڳˮǺͷƽ֣Ŀһɨһԥ˫ֱȭּΪһݡ
֣֣ݼǰ
仰УҲХٽֻǿһۣɫ԰ףݻ壬ԹԵվԱߣηһݡ
ǰ٣ʧԶӭǰǰЪϢݼǽ֣֣ɫΪ˿Ĵǰֲʿ
ȥɢʶ鿴ֵΪҪ֪ͽʿɢʶ鿴ǿߣһܲòΪ
ƾŷǿֲͿжϳԷض𣬻ǽ𶯡
һֻʿÿһǶſһݲ֮ˡͻȻҵţĪҵ˼ң
ݣޣ
ؽˣ·ޣҪŵȫ֮޵ĵͼ򣬿ɷһס΢΢һЦǽ߻ڡ
ЦУǽ˿ڴ֮ðҪ֪½ʿҲһǧһ㣬һ󲿷ֶݣвָ˴ʣµģһǿڣΪ档
˿ԭֻΪ˵ͼ֣æͷ
ǰˣȫĵͼϣͼ⣬ݴ롣˵ţ̧һץһöɫڣǰĵݸ֡
ֽӹʶһɨĵͼΧϵĹףΪϸ
ȻݵĵͼҲв١΢΢һЦǽһۡ
ɫƺ⣬֣ĸΪɣڡ
ոճΪԶȥݣһ·ϰţд·Χ£ǰ裬ӡֱ߾ǣﻹбݡ
ĸһЩôҲǸոճΪ֮ǰħЫһٶ꣬ʵûʲô̫õóֵƷ
Ҫ֪һͼ½У˽ܣ֮׸ŵ֮
һ̧һץ̱һ˿ڣһ磬ǻ̺˲ĶԴ
Ҳƾŵͼ̺һ˿Դ˿Ըڣ۳Դļʡ˵ţǰһӣǻԴֱ߶ȥ
¶ϲæӹϧķ봢ռڣٴһݡģȴǰ̾ϢĵÿһǼΪ֮ˣҲˡ
˻磬תҪȥУʶǵһɨֻʶΪСĽԸʹȻº˿̷ɳ˰ɵɲǡ
ǰǽȫȭһݡ
ʼչ飬ȴû˵ʸĵҲæȭһݡ
һ˲䣬ֵĽŲͻȻһ٣͵תֱĶŵţˣ
ɲǼ䣬ʶһɨУһβ𶯵Ϣ
һΣµĺֵܵһ䣬һɿХֱŶȥ
һĻ仯̫ͻȻǽָ֣ǰû˿Ԥϣһ֮£ɫ䣬ͷϿպХ䣬Ȼ뵽˵֮ڣ
ǰ֣ɫ¶ɲתͬɫĵֱ֡
֮Уźĳ룬˻صأӣȫһٵĴ
ǺƯڵվںͷ·ǰ˻㱡
ǽ˿׷һԸΪɣǵɫɷף֪ΪͻȻתֵɫȴ
ǰҵڡǽĽп࣬æȭܡ
ȵȫ߳μǰת²ϲŭ޳ʿ֮תԭ򣬺пڣϲҵĺˡ
ˣȫˣҲܵ𣡡ǽ֣˾ϣ仰·ڣһʿԼǧˣɫ׷ײ԰ףѸ߳·ֹҪݼ
ȺڣǽӣߣŮӡ
˴˿ҲҪĿһȴǴǺһ£һ˦䣬һ֮ɢֹ˵Ĺ
ӣ¶͡
ܴ硭


1924 ȵ𡭡
ǰһ߳меŵӣһӲԼٿذԼɢʹֽŲʱվǽߡ
ǰһ㶣֣֪롣Ůͬˣɫ¶ţǿȥý࣬ضǾ֮ˣ
һĻ˽֣Уһ㶡ɻ󣬵ô룬Ҳ벻Ĵ𰸣ȴû
ǵڿһĻ˫¶⣬ֵѹʼղҿڣֵɫֻܿӰ˿ȴԾѰ˻ᣬָǽӣͺ
˺ôĵӣǰ֣ҾȰţ䣬һΣҪ߳֡
޴ǽŴ˻ɫһ䣬תһ˦䣬ҪֹǵΪ
û֣ȴ͵ת˫ĿڵͻһƬ⡣

һͬը죬һƬ֮γһɾ޴ˣ̺ǵϣһѪֱԶ
һ֣һͿÿսٺʿ˵ˣǽ֣˫ͫǰֱȭһݡ
ǰϢŭѪ޵ʱ䲻ţ³çǱ軵ˣͷϵ֮λǰˣ
ȻһĻǧˣһֵĿ⣬޷ݵĿ־塣
ǽӣһŮ֣Ȼ׫˺ˮ
㡭ڽʲô֡ǽӣŶԷ㱼䣬ƿ˵Ǹȼ壬ҲҪػǰŮʬǿЦȡʶԼȼһսˣ
ϡ䣬ǳΪ˽ѺĮ˼˪ǿɬʹеĬĬ飬ԶԶҲûзǻȪѺİ
飬죬飬أ
⣬޷ڸǧĳԡ
ҽ࡭ӿ֣ڣϣ֣ɻڡ
࡭һôֵһ˲䣬ıʹһ£ʹԶǰӵ˽⣬ۼ֤˶ԷĿΪһ
Ǹ¶ҸԼ֣ࡣӳĬƬ̣ڡߵǸŮӣ֣ˡ
ת޷顭ǰһ飬ʬǧ꣬Ѻİ·ĵȴһ졭ػ֣࡭֣ԵǸŮӣ˪࣡ӣû˵
ˮͬǰǰǽ飬ǽ޹أתɴڡ
ҵı˪ת˪صŮҲһǿиıְ࣡̾ߵŮӣŮɫ¶ţ˫۴žţץŰ˵֣ƺʧȥҲǰҲܺ£·ס˵֣
֣ڿֵĵһֺۣӡĺۼ޷Ĩȥ
أʲô֡Ůӣڡ
ŮӲʶ˺󼸲䰮ԣץŰ˵֣ɫ԰ףû˿Ѫա
áشֵģԵץֵӣ֣ƽĿڡ
áֺĿŮһۡ
˪Уö֣䣬ҲӦһָǰļˡֱ˫ۣһ¡
£ȥΪÿ˶ӵԼȨֵ꣬ȴǰ˪תʱĨȥ䣡
ǷӡĨȥĨȥǷӡļʱ˪ɵʹ࣬תҲӡڻУʹڿֺ޷Ŀ־뺦¡
Ҳ㵱ûлָļ䣬ȴԼѡĮҼ֤ľѡǣѡתôұΪˣͰĨȥ
Ӵ֮תԶӵǰļ䣬еģֻǽֵ꣬Ĩȥ˪ʱĵĻ
ûкκ˵Ҳûб˿ţȥ
ǰ㡭ΪɷΪҽһԻ󡭡ֱĿʱŰֵ֮ӣԥһ£ڡ
ڵɲǣߵŮӣץ֣ҪΪһ壬Ҳֿһɫ¶뱯ֵĿ־ҲƵġ
࣬ΣֻһΣ
˫ۣԥڵӡ
Ű˵֣ૡ
ֻ֪һ𰸡
޵Ϊһܿʹﵽĳ̶ȡ⼸УʼһΣÿһζһӡ
һŮˣֻܿıӰŰɫҵĸоϤȴʹĮһֱҪգҪ֪˭
ĸУƺǰһӡǰĻӦҵӡ
ƺһڵĿģΪΪ˵תһۡӵڣ¶ã
ãӣͬǵڶУǧػֻΪ漣
һƬžֻӵڻصǽ߿һĻֿ˿֣һЩ²⣬Ĭ
ֿӣû˵ȥĨ˪ļ䣬ȴԸıӵļ䣬ΪˣѣĶˡ
ҪԼȥѡԼΪȷ
һ괺죬߹һ£ϵĳһƬҶӣҺϲʱУ£ȴҲϲҶΪҲˡ
ȴ֪ֻɫı䡭Ҵת뿪ϵһƬҶҵ߻ƣһ·л˼Ҷȴ֪ԭҪȵģҪҵģҵߡ
ҸĴ𰸡¶׷䣬ڡ
һ죬ҵĴȷͷҩӴ֮ǸΡתһյĺͷһݻƵĵҩͬҶƯãǰ
֣֣޶ҵֿѣתڣ컯ҿΪţΣбʣΨʣǽڣصֵͬʱһöӡǵ򣬴ӺϷɳֱ߶ȥ
л𣡣ǽȫһһݡһݴ񣡣
˿з紵Ůӵķ˿Ʋͬķ˿ǷУһƺ˫˫軷ơ
ûн⿪ӵļӡǸһѡ񣬻ͷĿ·һۣջĿ⣬ºһɲȥ
ܴ磬ң˶ǰһУһϧߵˣһתͷһ۵ǸеӰ̾


1925 
»˪ҲԲסءұôǧĳաˣֳ̾
º˻У뿪ⱻֵĵţ֮ǰҲû뵽
˾ͽˮ롭кܶ൱֮ѣ֪ںηǷҲ̧ͷƬաϥǺͷ̧ͷŲ죬¶ꡣ
˾ͽ֪ûչϲүˮʦֲ֪ںδƻ䣬֪ɺáƭǷ򡭡
Сٻ÷½һμתĹ˺ֵ︡˲׷ǰУǰǵһʻס
һ·ֵۣ£ȥ˴һǿţڡΪŲ¡
ֵΪټǽ̶ȵĺһУΪ˳ڵ棬˵ͼǵֲϲ
ڣҲɢʶ֪Բ󣬵ǳѰһ´ǷҲŵĹˡ
ȴһ
̾Ϣ˪ףǺϣ뿪ޣⶫݾڵޣ۶ȥ
ڣεʿֻˣڣһΪţΪʮ֮һڣһ棬ƺͬһ콾
ֻΪ𾳽ֹ˫ӴֻƳһЩʣĬĬ뿪صڣ겻
УǿɣţʮڣҲΨһڣνһ
ɲһֻһɽţڣʮŸڣȫĿһԴ
˿ڣһ޴ĺڼ۶ߣǺͷ·أɫƽ
֮Ա֮ΪޣΪ˵Ӧھ֮䣬ȴΪһЩı仯ʹڵϣ־Ϳץһ
һͬɾͬʱҲƮ֮ڡ
޾ڣɽһ֮壬˷壬֮˳֮Ϊ壬ϰƣԶԶһͿɽ壬ɽڸǣһء
һգ֮⣬ӰһƬŤ»û죬޴Ŀ·ɽ壬൱ڽΪһ˲ȫͷųְ˷
ͷ֣һ£зˣǰһȥ̤Ž޾ƣһ֮ۡ
ڴ˷֮ѩ֮Уվ˫֣ɺХĿ紵һͷ׷ǺȻͷ­̧ɭĿܡ
֣һʶɢ£һ֮ΪģܸɢһʵȻת۾ְ˷Ҫޡ
ڣзڣŴڵʿ˿ȫ𶯼䣬ͬɨ
޵Ҳһ˲ƱһĴٱܿʹǧڣ˺ѣ
У֮أһƬ಻ɽ֮䣬Хһɲǣһɾ춯صϢȻϢ£ɫ䣬һ׷ߣŴֲ£һ߳
վض˫Ŀ¶⣬ңԶĵطڡĿһߴһ˦Ȼʧ
֮ʱȻۣ֮ǲŤ䣬ӻûɽӴĺ˫Ŀϣֱӿ֡
֮ǧգĿɨ˲Ϣ̧ͷ˫Ŀ˸ߵһĿ
ʵڣȴкߵĿ֮ͬ룬͸ֵ˫ĿҪڡ
һ֮£нŨ
ǰ׷ҲȫһֵĿ̺һѽɫĽ˽Ũӵзޱȵڻ̺һͬһѹ
ڴԼ󣬺Ʊǽ𽣺ХֱӴһ
ºƶˣ֪£ǰ׷ջĿ⣬ֵɫУ̺ء
³̤֮Уѯָһ⡣޳Դǿǰ׷һȭ
ǰ׷Ц˫ĿȻ䣬ս֮䣬սѰд軹ǻУֻڣ̫٣ʶлһսٻ
д裬ڱ˴˶кô
ãǰ׷ǰһȥ̧֮ϵ֣Ȼһ˦һ˦֮£ȴϵаѩȴһ֮Ȼȫ𣬾һѩӸֱֶȥ
ѩڣ̺˾ŵͨ˿̺Хһ˿񱩣ת۾ͽӰûڡ
ֳЦ̧ǰȻһȭȥ
һȭ䣬̺ͬ˾ŵͨ־Ŵͬӡ
˰˷أѩ𶯣һʱ֮ܣһȫڸڡ
֮֮ʱڴ˵سصЦ֮У춯ء
ʱ޾ѩУӵˣǧ⣬ҽŴһ̤վӡ
Ϊһս»ǳл
ͬʱǰ׷һͬǧɣվȡ
ո̤֮УͿ԰ѾŵͨһȭһУҿҲϷ
໥ǧɣ˴˱ȭз׷¶΢Ц


һΣٽ䣬ǺҲľ˱ܿǰѩֲӰ⺣գգۣٴκһЩ
ս죬ǰ׷߹ֶʮΣÿΣ˶ɢ˴ϥлָΪͬʱҲ˼һսã໥֮䣬Ҳн̸
εĽս漰Թʶ˫ǼõΪ
ѣҿ㻹һЩսս࣬ſֽţȫһսΣڵڶʮνսԶϥİ׷ߣЦڡ
ãվһ֮£ȻбԴ
ֻһ߷սʱʮ˵ͨʿһս
ԴҲѰıԴǶֱԴں϶ɵ˫Ŀֵͫķ
ͬʱ֣ǰ׷ޱʮߵ֮ͨ
УɲǶֳЦ̤ǺԶһȥ
Ľݵѣл
ѩƮУ׷߳ȥķɫء
ӦûûгȫΪ֪ܴ֮ءǰ׷ֱȫʧתһζߡ
һʿ𡣡ʮĽս˵Ҳкܶĸ


1926 ʮ꣡
ʱһΣʮ꣡
ʮʱ䣬ڷ˵Ǵʿԣһζݵıչضѣʮ꣬½ϣȴһ˵
˵ڶݡ֮䣬˵У˵һʿʿһ£һͷ׷߸һ
߹ʮСС֮ޣѰʿһս
ݵЩûб֮Щչز֮ˣн֮ࡣݾڣʿԶԶ˶ޡ
ϾݣУԭеڶ˫ӴתٴηѺ󣬽Ϊٵһݡ
λս֮ͬޣһսһδεغʹڸɣ˲
ŵޣսŵ棡
ںޣս棡
ھħޣսħ棡
ޣսһº
ɽޣս³
һδսһľ춯أɾһ˵һ֣
׷ֵ֣֪֮˲࣬⴫иǲɢǱ˿õ֪һͷ׷󣬱еʿ֮Ϊ׷
У׷ٴεսУֻжʮʧܣµȴʤ־˵սպգǴ˱ݡݣ֮ڡ
е𣬴֪ˣһֵ֪İ׷ʿӵмǿս
Уⲻ֪İ׷ʿһսݵɽڣ뺣֣һսʧܣʧ֮ȫޡ
˵׷ɽ֮뺣һսһսˮҪ̮һʱϷɽԵĺ˺Х׷ӰɽڣһרΪʿ׼Ľ֮أǳڣһ¥Уһ۵ߣžƣڡ
߻ʿȫ
ϧһս׷ˡ̾Ϣ׷ΪϤһΪϧ
𣬾˵ѾΪӽ˵Ծǰ׷𼴱ϴڣԺҲضǰܣԱһʿЦڡ
Ҷ֪һĴڣʶܶ࣬һӲǿΪ£ֻҪݵ𣬲ǲǵһ£ȥһһεĽʶܶ౾ǶݵҲݡ
Ҫ˵׷֮⼸ʮսҪһע⣬Ϊ¡ʿУһӵӣ΢Ц
֪һûȥѰ׷˵һʮǰѾ׷𣬵ȴܾһʼû˵һߣɨһۣ˵
Ŷд£
¥רΪʿ׼ʳִֻľƣ˾⸽ڼÿֻô࣬ʿϲ
˿ЩʿĽ̸У¥ĽһŰµ꣬ƽž¥գһһںľơ
һͷ׷¥ڣ׷ʿһ֮࣬Ű׷պգư׷ʿҲ
ŶĻַƱüͷʼţգĬʮʱ䣬֣ͬʱҲһδεĽսиϤͨԼĸǿ
ǰɽޣǿĺɽһսսְˣзҲʧܡ
ǺѾʮͨһָڣҸͲĶ֣Ǵϻϻ𲻵áƱһں¡
ʮʱ䣬ȫֺ󣬿޵ľŵͨѹΣﵽʮͨЧ
ҳһδεĽս⣬ҲѰľֱԴ֮һֱԴһãһߴﵽ۳ĳ̶ȣȫںϺұͿʮ˵ͨһȭڣʱѹʮͨ𣡾ͿǺٴһս
ǳ˵ɽײһɽɽǱž֧ɽ޷ӡģɽ֮꣡
Ϊǿ󣬵걻ӡ涼ˣ̫ãɽѾΪֻ꣬ɴڣڣȴ㹻ľԴܻ֮ã۳ľԴͬʱֱӻֺžƣĿ¶˼
뺣һս󣬾һֱɽڹ۲죬ǳ˵ʮа˾Ϊ棡һ˵ãֻܶûǺػɽڣľԴֳ֮˫Ŀ¶ϣ¾ƱЩԪʯ߳¥
ʿĳǳڣʿ࣬˸ֵ⣬һЩ˽˵̯λǸԻõı
ǳУһμʧӰʱȻңԶ֮ص֮ϣҪۣȻɫһת
ȴһƬŤһߴӰûӰԼʮɣɫĳۣȫȫڣϣһɫߣ߳һɾ˵ѹŴ˵ĳ֣ѹܣʹܵյĲơ
Ǵӵ濴ȥ֮أΪĺһ
ԭ£𣡡ֻڡ
ѣһ𣬲֪㿼ǵˡǽʿ΢Ц֡
һսƾУûдУ˴ƽ֣ºҵ֣һĿѶ
ҪֳΪ£
ǳ˵һ⣬ڶֱ¶֮ĴЩҲ֪ȷ統ǵħ˵ΪȻٿʿΨԾ֮ޣŻᱻ俴
˵û£ֻκһµ𣬶ǼΪ֮һսԵĸܵԼһ
һΣ㴫ĿѶȴûԶһ˿֮Ҳûг֣ȻΪҵսֻѶһһȽϣȴȻ硣
һǿҴսŻİɡһǳһȭ
ѣ»迼ǣһûо
ֵίܾǳû˿⣬ֻ¶ϧ֮ɫ֣Цڡ
ѣҵΪеλߣҪҪԳ棬һף֮ǰ𽻴ܴŲ㣬Զ
ʱ䣬ȥ֮أܴŲ㣬λУκһ㡣˵꣬һȭģʧӰ
ڰճĬ̧ͷĻ
֮ءһ˵Ų㣬ٴ٣Ҳ˵ĪŲ㣬ʲôɣ
ʮ꣬Ѿ֤˽֮صķȴδȥĬУ˫һ
Ӧȥ


1927 
ɽڣһƬ½˺֮Ϊɽʱдĺϻź˵Ļ֮ʪĺ紵򺣰
ɽޣɽķΧռ˽֮߳࣬µ½ǻɽ
˿̣ɽĺϣһƬɽ֮أվһɽϣǰĺ棬ɫƽ
ӽǺɽڵλãûѡǰɽһΣʧɽ嶥֮ʱȻɽڲһٳĶС
Ѿסܱ꣬в˴Ľƣ˵ض˵һ̶ȵķ
ⶴڣһƬֵɫܣɼһС˺ܶĺ
ϥڶڣֻ˫ۣ˫ַϥϣϵر仯ӡЩӡһΪ⣬ֶ֤֪
ȡɽ֮ǰȥ֮أкϥУʮ֪Ľ֮صķʶɢ֮ϣϵѹ£һ֮â
˹âʶ֮⣬Ƭ̺󣬺ȻֱϿ޷ݵٶȣȻȥ
͸ⶴ͸ɽ壬ɽֱӳֱնȥһĻ˿Ҳ˿޷ʶ֮ĳ֣ϥе˫ӡӡãһʶʿڽ֮ʱᱻ˲
˵ӡ棡
ֵʶϵգһ·ƿޣֱ޾Ļ֮ڣͬһϢ䣬Ҫ֮̿죡
ʶﵽߵһ˲䣬Ժжʱص죬ʶܣĻһɲǣһ޴Уʶȫڡ
ǰһƬ㱣Ƭ̺󣬵һжʱ͵Ŀܣ¶֮ɫ
ڵĵطһƬԼĴ½½СƯĻϣΧХĿ磬һɫ˿˸ߣÿһ˿ڣ̺˿ֲһЩͿ
½λãһӴĹ⹬˹ϵϢͨڣɢһϣһп֮ˣɵûη֮⡣
ָո۲֮ʱһӴĹ̺Хһɨ
Щÿһ̺ʿѹз֮ࡣ
֣
׷𣡡
ЩʶУһЩʮڣս𣬴˿ڿֵĵϳ
ɫ糣ĿһɨʱԼڵĵطȻһϵĴ󣬴ΪӣһۿȥַʶҪһĴ
ãջĿ⣬߳⴫ʱϸĹ۲һԼ壬壬ʱһ޶֪Լʶͺѿ֮ͬ
֮أǵ洴ȻһΣԶǴʶĹϹȥ
ԽǽӽбԽ𺳣ϵĺɫԶȻΪӴ󣬿ɽ֮ȴǸˣΪ˵ģڽӽ󣬲ſԷǹϿգȻһӴĹ
һʮһƯڰУ˴˺һͬһһ㣬ļĻڣֻܿһģ
ʮ˽£֮أʵ浱ǿڣػ塣ֿĻһд̫ԶȥֻӰѹȴָܼΪ
Žӽָǿ½ǵһϵĹ⣬ϥŷ۶ʿЩʿƹܣ˴֮ԶƲԸ໥һ
ٺв˷׷ĿɨһЩʶעĿ֮󣬺Цȭ
һһȭ֮վǹ⣬ǰȻһĹһСĴ
֮ؼΪ죬ʿκһطƾʶʶ˵ʿϲ֮˾ϺҲԱ˴
Ϊ˵һԣ֮أ˴ʶ֮ءԺиֳʮ˽Ϣ
ֳ֮ʱͻȻǹϿգƯĵڣ˶ĿĽ⣬ǽ˲Ϣܣʹ½ϵʿһ̧ͷȥ
ͬȥȴǽȻ˸ĵڣɳһӰӰһӣһͷƮɢǿϣһ֮䣬ȻֱϿգӵǵڰ
˵߲㣡
ܴ߲㣬ҪʮͨҼǵõ겢û
һǧ꣬õ۴Ȼвջ񡭡
ڰ˲㵹ҲûʲôҪǵھŲ㣬˭ܴھŲ㣬̻ᱻдȫ
ھŲ㡭̫ѣܴھŲߣȻ޵ĽӽԾֻһͿɳʮԾ𣡡
ԾеǿڤҲڵʮֹ޷
У˿ԴʮŲ㣬ӵôҲ׳ֵս
ǽУܴڵǶٶ𣬷׷ױ˴˴
Щ˴ľٶ̸ʱȴǵڰڣһǺµӴڱȻһռ£վһĴϡ
µɲǣȫʧһĿ۶
ɫһۣǰȥһԶѰһƬϥ£Ŀ
ڽʱУֿϵһ½н˸ͬʱҲϵʧܽ£ģһڵڰ˲ֹٵҲڵڶʧܡ
ûмȥϥϵع۲죬ܵʿȥȥȴû뿪ѡ
ڣȥ˵ڰսһΣɻʧܡ
ڵ죬˫һϥվǵһȥľٶû̫˵ע⣬Ͼһ㹬ʿ˵̫򵥡
ΨЩֽսʿֽǵһ㹬֮ʱĿɨ
׷Ȼȥһ㹬Ȼ״֪ܴ㡣
˺ǹŹ֣Ϊһ㣬սȴǼΪˣҲĶ֣֪߹㡣
֡⼸ʮպգ˵һȴܾʮĿ⣬֣ʧ˹⡣
̤һ㹬˲䣬Ǭǰ仯ĸоۿ⹬ںȻһƬǿգ
ǿպ嫣֮󣬴ǳЩǳһɢ貵ǹ⣬վǿС
һĺХǿȻ٣͵̧ͷ˫ۺ


1928 
ȴǿУȻоſǳƱһıתĹ켣ӾŸȻֱֺХ
ŸǣͬŸӴ䣬ɲٽܡ
ͻȻıʣһΣ֮أǾſӴǣȴ˲ı䷽ٴκХ
Īĵһ㣡Ŀһ㣬ǰһȥɲһǰ̧Ȼһȭ
磡һȭ̺˾Ŵֵĺ֮Ȼʹһȭγһƺɨǿյķ籩һΪʵĺֱһ
䣬ֱӱʯɢͬʱ͵תһŻ˵ڶϡ
һУһƳ˲Ӱһ㣬ǵšĿšֱھſǰûȭ
¡֮ǿգǣȫƬʱȴǴǿͻȻһɴȻʹ뵽ڣƶֱӾͱƳǿա
ǰһʱԼƲܿƣǵһĹڣǿеڹĵϣ˳ɣվӡ
ʧˣ͵̧ͷĿ¶˼
ǹûɢ⣬ʾţִһ㣬ʧܣ
һĻܵʿȫһ׷¶죬Ǽֽս𣬸޷š
һ㶼ûжȹˡ
УȹһģΪټյǼһ
Ӧãսǿôһʧܡ
һֱ̣ʿĿЩĿУв죬Į
˵ˣȹһ㶼Ϊ򵥣˿̿ŵһ㶼ʧܣЩĮûб¶Ŀڣȴڡ
ԶĿɨһۺ˫Ŀȥ
ֳĬƬ̧֮ͷӴڹкһǰһμ䣬һٴγǹ
ľٶʿд󲿷ֶҡͷ
һʧܺ󣬺еڶλܳɹģ˷ʱ䣬뿪ڼ
ڽңǺǣҲգһ㣬˵ҲԽҹȥ
ٶȼ죬ɲǳ빬ڣǰһУǿڡ
ɫƽû˿ʧܵߣվǿУĿĿǰȴǰĺХ֮ٴλصУſȻıתĹ켣Ʊһ˫˫δֲŪһӾŸֱּХ
ֲʶɢܣǾſԽԽɵɲǣǱ˵ѹȫ˲䣬͵̧һ֮£Ŵκ֮һȭ֮ڣǰȻһȭǿС
һȭ֮£ǿպȴǾſһԶԶһֵʧһͷȡǾͷŸӴͷ­žſײȥ
һ죬ֻһصȴ޾ȴǾſǣȻͬһʱ䣬Ȼ
ſǱɲǣɢ޾⣬˲Ϣǿգǵһ㹬ɢȥ˹Ĵ½ϡ
Щϥʿ̱ȥʱһɫŹ֣ǿǽУһ°׷ӰȻӹȥԼٶȣϷĵڶ
Ȼɹˣ
׷ͦ˼
һʧܣڶӦǽҳɹڶ㹬ȴٽңҲû˿ãΨʵΨһ
Щһ˿ȤʱȻǰеĵڶ㹬Ȼٴα˶ĿĽ⣡
һĽ˿̻ûɢڶ㹬ĽȻ໥£½ȫ
ͻȻһĻʱܵЩ߰Į𣬲һ¡

ôͶȹ˵ڶ㣡
Ŷ೤ʱ䣬ڵһʧһΣȻڶ㣬һξ͹
еڶǽ˸УӰһû˿ͣ٣ֱյĵ㹬Хȥ
һٶʱУһʿע⣬ⲿʿΪڵֹߣ˿ȥ֮ǰһεʧܣʹЩȷܷȹ
ڣʮߵͨ⣬Ƕʮ߸лһǽɫ˽ɫǲص㣡
ڿʮͨʧܣΪǽɫǣһžͿȫǣ
Ҫ㣬ѣ
ܷ۶д̧ͷ˴˲²䣬ȴǴӼʿУ̴˲˼ľ
Ǽ˶ǵĹֽ󲻵Ϣʱ䣬Ȼͬ˶ĿĽ⣡
ǵһ㹬ڶ㹬Ľ⣬ɻδɢǵ㹬â˸ͬʱ⹲㹬Ľһ໥ӳ֮£ͬһȫһ
ǽ죬ܵͬʱ·Щʿһ¶⡣
ˣ
һԶȹ㣡ΪôǵһʧһΣ
ÿٶȣٶȹǰ㣬˵˼ǿ
𹬹⣬֪⹬𼸺Σ
㹬ڣһζ̧ͷϷĵĲ㣬ûԥһ֮ĿУֱĲȥ
֮أҪһͬʱٵǣҵһ俪ʧܣɫƽǰ˵û̫սԡ
˿һμ䣬Ӱʧ˵Ĳ㹬ڡ
·УҲ˫ۣӭ㹬Ľ⣬ǵĲ㡣ˣȫȥ
֮أĲ㣬һˮ룬һǧУܶȹĲߣˣо󲿷֣ڵĲֹ
ʶ˿ֵ̣ٶǵע⣬̤ĲߣУǿߣ
ʱţһϢһϢ
˸⣬Ʊâһʱţ·ĵһϣ⽥Ҫɢļ
Ĳ㹬ڣֽʱ䣬˵
ǵһĽҪȫɢһ˲䣬ͻȻʿʮȻϥվֱյɲǣȫѹ֮ǰĽ⣡
һʹһƳСβӣ̧ͷȥУһĻΪˣ
Ĳ㣬ȹˣ
ȹ˵Ĳ㣬ʿҲǿߣ
˫ĿͫһŵĲ㹬ڣһ߳ӰӰܵв
߿УվǵĲĹڣ̧ͷϷǵ㹬Ŀһ
Ĳ㣬ʮڣŽɫǣҳзڲ£ĲǼޡ
ϻ֪ٴ㣡ϧҪȥɽȡ㱩¶ʵȡɽһ


1929 
ûм̾ȥµ˵Ҫٶĸע⣬֮õѡ
һҪʶ˿һȫӳһƬУӰ·ʿĿ£һ³ɲǼǵֱض
·ʿĿ⣬ǽٵӰУ֮ͬǰһҲͫУ֡
ȥѰ֮ЩһǴ֮ߣ֪һԼ޷ȹҲȥʶһ֪ѶȺ󣬿ԸѶĲ㣬ȥ
ڴ󣬾Ȼ˿ûȥǵľٶ˻ϸȴڲ󣬶˼ɵ
û˿ȥ㣬ôȥۿֻҪ룬Ϳ״ǰߣǺߡҵǺߣĬһ˿⡣
ڵ֮ʱܵʿУв˺Цȭϲ֮ԻЩУ󲿷ֶʮڽս֮ˣ˴Ϥ
һЩǲǼȴ˽ύ֮ߡ
й֮ˣ־º͵΢Цһһȭ
λѣĳҪ£һпϾɣǣһһֱԶʱֵĹϴתʧ
ֱʧܵЩʿջĿ⣬˴ߣ׷̸
ԻûоȫǰĲɵӣҶ϶׷ٿԴ˵߲㣡
δأʮǰսĲ㣬ӦǼޣ
˵ʮ꾡º̣ܶЩԵ컯ҲǿҵʿɣӦûеڶ֮ʱ
˵ʿ̸Ҳ˵ɽޣɽԵɽͶڣϥ֣Ȼ˫ۣĿ֮âһ
˫ĿɲǣػĽ¶ϲɫСӻܣзܵĵ˻
̧Ǻͷļ£˿ܽƣЩµһ½ͨ˽ֿжϳԼȥʱ䡣
֮صʱһûб仯վǰһȥУǽ̸ں
һһ˲Ϣ˶ڣ˿̺ҹһ¸߹ң͵¹亣棬ź˵ķһĹ
Ļڶߣ˴Ӻϴĺ磬ϣİ׷һͷ¹µİ׷Եøƿ¹һ㡣
ɽֳĬƬ̺һΣ̤˽ϣǺһɽХȥ
սﵽεʿ˵أʮڣ˴Լʮ˸Ծ⣬κһطȥãųɾŵɣ̤ڽ£˵վ۷һУ
ЩӡĹ֮꣬ڱӡ£Ҳһսڣ־Ҫȥȡǳɽɽûӵսǰǲɵ顣
ɽڣ˿ʮͨһָڵĺ
ڣȴǿԣ
ǽٶȼ죬ڰռۣڽɽһΣͨ뺣Уһɽڣνˮһ㣬ٶȸ졣
һХ֮žĺҹڣܴ
ţʱ޷̫ҲֻвʱѣǺǿһ£Ҫңȴǲܣ
ֻǣҪʤҲǶʱһôˣĿһºٶȸ죬ֱɽХǰС
Ĳ˺ˮγһɺе޾Уƺƴ䣬ʹúˮϣޱѹţ˱ܿ˿ǰ
ʱ䲻̤źҪٽɽĵһɲͻȻǰ棬Ȼ캣˺ֱնͬһ޴ĺǽƾճֹ֣ǺǰС
Ǻ˫Ŀ¶ײУӴͷ­͵ǺǽһײصУǺǽֱӱ⺣ײȥͬʱǺǿĺˮͬһ㣬Ȼ
Ǳĺˮڣһ޴ĴִճҺ壬Ǻˮڿ˴˽䶯䣬ȴǺڣһԼɴСĵ졣
Ƶ죬ǽȥʲô죬Ȼһ޴㺣ޣһ൱ڽʿϢ㺣Ȼ
Ǻ޵ĸˮ棬¶ͷվŵһŮӣŮӴɫȹ˾ܱȹأҲԿȻĶİ͹£һ֧ɫĵӣһͷԺ˫¶Ķǵ
ͷϣһʺǣƵ׺һ㣬ʹôŮ滨һš
֣ʲôɽ飬ãҲȡߣŮü𣬶ǳ忪ǽ̤ںϵ֡
Ǻͺ𣬵ȴŮӣǶŮµ㺣ޣǺӴϣһ˫ɭ˫Ŀͬź
аȻǵһμ棬֮ǰй
ɽĳдãҲҪȫһ־ͿɣãҲӰɽ仯αΪң
ҴҲ㺣УǵӡڴˣΪ˵رռݳΪĪǾͿԽռݶвɣɫƽվǺϣǾŮӣڡ
Ůӵǰʱ㿴Ů֮ƾһУľüѷߣΨдŮһˣ
ҴŮΪ𣬸һɶصʡ
ɽһжҵģսʤңȻȡߣôǰҲӲʽѣҪȡ裬ǷǾŮ°һ̧֣ǰȻһָ
һָ֮£ɫ䣬Ȼܵĺˮڣʮ޴Уÿһڣ̺һͨ
֣ǿ֮ȻŮҪһʽˣ
ɫƽŮһָ̧ɲǣͻȻĹһȴͱţͼڣȻûγһƬɫת۾ȫ
ţʮ꣬ٴγ֣
ţֵɲǣȫΪϢȻһΣֱӴӺϷ𣬵ͷĿţû𾪵ĺ
ߣǺ˫ĿȻһһս˶Էȴû뵽ȻԾĻߣ
Ϊ𣬸ǻߡˣҪսʤңҲǶʱʱޣҵҪ㴩˻ԼֶãǾŮ˲ϢͰյ˹ؼָһӡ


1930 ֮飡
Ҳսʤ㣬ֻҪǲͿɣһμ䣬ȻתȴȻУںȻ˾ʮߵӰ
䱾һ𣬺ȻǾʮ
ÿһӰ壬䱾һһΪʵǵĳ֣Ϊֵٶ̫죬һ֮£ʮ߸Ӱɲǻû



ʮ߲Ӱһ֮˲Ϣ䣬ȫʩչһͨͨǶ
һɫ䣬ȴյľʮ˸֣ȫ֣·ľŮȻһָȥ
һָ֮£Ǿʮ߸ӰȻһֱںϺؼȻһ޴ӰӰһƿ֧صָ
ָûֱǺһָȥ
ʮǰ֣ϻʩչھʮ˵֮ͨõħ溧Ȼ䱣ĵһ͵ۡ
ǵһһ˿ûһȭ俪⾪춯صһ
ʮսЫΪȫڻͨһδεսʹΪﵽԲٿصôͿսʤܶǵĵħ棬ֲҲԽսʤ
Ѿǿʮǰȫͬٴδϻʩչʮ˵ͨںϹһԶԶ˵꣡
ǺɫȻ仯¶޷֮ɫһοʩչȫǾʮ˵ͨľ
һָȥһɲǺҪֹǺͣ˾תȻһ١
ˣǺʱҲȫһУͣ˰գڵԪҲһָ
ʮ˵
ʮ˴ζ
ɫ԰ףһָȫҶڴﵽ˾ʮ˴κȻһ˵ı仯ȻǵһʱһĻΪ
ûг϶Ҳɱ㣡ֿǱסĺһۣһμֱ׶ȥ֮죬ȻʧӰ
Ǿʮ˵ͨںΪһ壬ȴ޷ʮ˵ͨǿһһֻͬб޽һľ棬ʶǴһ˿һȭ俪
£Ծŵͨ壬Ļ죬ѹ֮Уﵽʮͨĳ̶ȣһν
ñȵһȺɢһڣ˵⽫첢ǿ󣬵ȴʹͨ
ס˺֪ʱǲ̫֮죬ת۾ͳ뺣˸䣬ֱ·
ʱţڵϢʱȻ⺣׵˵شѹԽѰʿӵе˵ȴް
Ǻ״ϣ̧ȻǺֱһȭȥһȭˮľȻǰ˾ʮ˵Уֱ׶ȥ
䣬Ǻױ¶һ޴ĶĺˮӿڣʹǶڻһڶĴڡ
ûԥڣͰɽһ֪ҵǳɽɽڣ
һΣֱǺڶȥתʧӰ
˿̣ǵϢǽ㺣ޣҲڶķΧ֮ڣһǾŮӣ֮ǰĶƤ޷պϡ
һԣ¶⣬޷㺣һƺΨǺ޲ſ׵Ļ
ھ˵ʲôΨǲ֪ܲ㺣ޣſˡ
ʱϢϢڵڰϢʱȻƬɽ·Ǻڶڵ磬һƬޣˮûУһӴޱȵľ
֮аɽСһۿ߼ʣɿή֦ɣȴɢУ֧ɽ֮¡
Ƚϣּ΢ĲɲڴϣһϢвӡ֮֡⣬һŨɱ¾ܣɱ¾
ǿήӴޱȵ⣬ӡΧ߸ɫĹƯÿһŶֻȭͷСӴľƲɱһ
ɫĹţҪģɽ󣬻ûɽ飬飬һʿľԴ
ɽԭӵв飬֮󣬱ܶȡ˲٣ʣֻ߸
Щɽ飬Ƿӡڣǲ֪ΪΣȫ͸˷ӡƯ⣬Ƿӡƶ鲻һ
˿ʱѾȥʮϢ
û˿ԥԵɽһζ𣬴һ˦䣬߸ɽʱֱ봢ռڣתҪȥ
תһ˲䣬Ȼ˫ĿһʹĿڽⲻܲٿص˸ͻȻı仯Ȼһ١
˫ĿڴʹУһٻɽڣĳ֮˫ĿڵĴڣ
ֵ˫ĿڣħЫߣһɼƬʹĿ߱ϣ罣һӵѹ֮
͵ת˫Ŀ˸䣬̲ɽڣһֱԼ
һжɲǷֲǽ˲䣬ɽڣٽĽУȻһƴСĽɫƬ
ɼƬĿһ
ȴƴСĽɫƬɽֱֶٻ֣ٻһ
ֻǣɽķӡǽɫƬٽҪ͸ɲǣ˴ĿĹâֹƬһƻص䣬Ƭӡڣ¶һڷӡ⣬ȴǱӡ֮޷ȫ
һɲǣ˫Ŀ˸ΪңǴʹĸо˫ڣһͬƬҪƵġ
ɽôܻһɼƬʮУȥѰħЫԼڵЩƷԴϾҪȫգҪ˽ЩƷ
ɼ˵ħЫһսУЫβײ飬Ĵ˵ʮڣȴ˲ʮ
ÿһ˵ڵڣӡ֮飬ɼһʹҲֱ治壬һ棬һǼ١
д˵ɼʧ֮бƬɢĶദλڣ
Щ˼Ժһһԥ
ӡ沼ãҪȡƬܿӡ֮
ʱڣȥʮϢĿ¶ϣδǰȥǽһΣûֱɼƬȥɲٽȻ̧Ƭֱץȥ
ħҲзӡ겢޴󰭣ӡЩͬô뿪زģһץ֮£һץİƬϡ
ץƬɲǣɽķӡ֮Ȼ
ȴǿסɼƬ֮أûһȦȦƣǲƳ֮ʱγһž޴ף׳ϣһɱ˵ѹֱȥ
֣֮飬ӡһϵ⺣Ȼ
Ȼ⣡Ŀһ


1931 ף
֣֮飬ӡͻȻصϵƴǰƴŲɣӡ⡣
û˿ɣֱ弸صɲǣȻһȥӺУûֱǰȥͬʱǲӡϻûľ޴ףֵ͵һ̡
׻ûɲǣɼɫƬϣһɾ޴֮ӡֹƬһ㡣
˿̣֣˵ĻԱܿǾǰɶľ޴ףǻ֣ضΣ
кһ˼УȫȴںȻɢһεڣ̺ɱ¾磬̺ɱ¾֮ף
һɢ̶ܺǴɢ磬Ȼһһֻ޴ֱۣɶףһưȥ
ױģϸµգ˿̱ɱ¾γɵľ޴һѰϣ̷졣
ɫ¶ʹ࣬һ٣һֵ֮ĿһץǽɫƬһͺУ͵һקӴ֮ԿУӲİǿڣӡеĽɫƬקһ磡
һ磬ѵ˼ޣקƬɲǣֵٽһ͵һһק
ͬһק䣬ӿ˴һקǿڷӡڵƬ䣬Ƭٴαקһ磡
񼸺붼ڷӡ⣬ӡʣĲֻ֣ʣһ磡
ֱ壬һ˲ٽȭսǰıưסľ޴Ȼһһȭ̻ûӰһȭ
֮һ̾춯أܺˮͬʱʹϷĺγ˷籩Уһȭںϣֿͬ׵ɲǣһץסͺ͵һק
䱾֮ں֮ٴץƬ֣ʹһ˻УһһקɼƬ
קƬ˲䣬һɴӿͬ𺣱һƶײֵϣʹȫֱ󼱼ˡ
ǹɴȴ˿ɢϣʹһ֮£ѪǿȣսӡжҪˣɼӡǿ
һлԶԶûнֵ˺󣬱Ǵ˵ͬʱȴǰס׵ƣȻɢŰ˷ȥ
ڣδ̺̫ɱ¾ֵһùɱ¾֮ǻûЩɢͻܲסϾⱻдڵɱ¾̺һּҲľɵ
˿ƱƵɱ¾ȴֻɢû˿ˣӿڡ
ûƣǾ޴׷ֱ׷ɷӡ֮飬һ㣡
֮죬ת۾ٽֲʮɣƾ˺͸ӡף׷ᣡ
һĻǴһǶȥĿֱ˺УɽĲӡϣͬһӳĲӣǲҲģȴ˷ӡ֮䣬˿ӳɣ׵׷ڼٵӣ
ԶԶһ䲱ͬһ޴֮
֣֮飬ӡ׷Уǹϵһλƴĳ־ĳʹһ͸һ޷ݵĹ죡
˫¶Ѫ˿ӵսʮδ˾յ飬˿ɲ룬νȻˣͲڣ
УɶɲǣȻ̧ȭ֮£Ȼֱӻû˾ʮ߸Ӱ
ʮ߸Ӱȫ˫Уһưա
𣬱λ
ɽ
ħ涯
ħŵɣÿһӰںľ仰Уһȭʮ߸Ӱֱ룬һȭγһƬɫĲƣǰɶףȻɢȥ
ֱǿ֮֮Уû˿ǿһʮսУʼûóһУ£ȴӡǰȭ
ǻɫĲǾ޴ֱ֮˷ϣǰۿɼٶȣʯʯӡӵĺƲһ֮Ҳʯ
һУʱ仹ûȫʯâӵͬʱȴ类ʯײλȻʼɶ˻ָļ
ŵɣ޷׽ӡףڼٻָҪ˼ϢͿȫָͫ͵˿ѡٺˣа˳ģ˳֮ǰ俪Ķ뿪ɽڣпֱӳ棡
ʹȥֲԸ˫ۺһӡˣа˳ӳ˵أ⣬һ֣ټǺָж֮˫л֮£Ϊ
飬ֲȥģԸУ
ˣоһμ䣬Ȼûкˣһֱӳ֮Ǿ޴ʯƿۿҪָŤ׵ĲӣҪ׵תɡ
ĲӴʯ˵ٻָҪתͷϢʱ䡣
һͺҪתͷɲǣȻ̧һʹ䣬һĹȻ֮
һܵĺˮ̺Ʊ⣡
Żֵ֮ͺǾʮ߸Ӱٴγ֣ÿһӰɫ˫Ŀͨ죬̧йû
һնµɲǣʮ߸Ӱγ˾ʮߵֱ壬ն£ԶԶһһʮ˵һγһεĵ֮Ӱת׻ͷӵĲӾͷ׵λãһ£
֮һ˲ɽ޴ӵĲӣȻһУ˱ļ⼣һ֣㱻µĵӰ͸תۼ䣬˺
޴ӵĲӣһ֮£һϣ
𶯣ʹɽУˮŤӣ㺣޵ƣһЩΨ֮ſĻ
㺣޲֪ܲŵ˫Ŀ¶ŭӦš
˿̱⺣׵ĲһǺһ֮УȻܵһĪΣӿ˼źһ꣬롣
ȥɲǣ㺣ޱĺ𣬸һУ˫Ȼ¶˺⣡
֣Ǻ𣬻ָ


1932 ƣ
⺣ָͬʱǺ׺ڶڵ޾֮Уһն׵Ĳӡ
һչ˲䣬׷˾˻ȫתȴǰ߽⣬һƬɻң뺣ˮʧ
ӵλãγѪǹ־޴ʹУȫʧұڡ
ŵһֱȫ֮˿Ȼƣұ۵ĹǼҪǷ֮һ㡣
ҪӡңִŴΪ֮ߣ⺣ˮڣ糣ϢӿɢһƬȴûкˮڣǺˮ̺һ˿˿ԺʣС
ͷɽϵĲӡһۣ˷ӡû򷽲ֵһƿ˿ϲƽɢָ糣
Ŀһûмȥǲ鿴ƵͬʱҲڹʱ䣬֮ǰļȫʩչʱʣԼҡ
㹻ˣֺƽ֮һΣֱϷȥӰ֮죬ɲǾͳǺڶԣһͷȥ뿪⺣Ϸɽˮڡ
ո߳ڶͬʱϷٶֺ̺һĿ¶ϲæ٣һͷǺֱϷȥ
ȻǺϵĶѾʧȥЧ
ּɲǣһҧгݵ⺣ˮڻص
֣ȴԭĺˮ̻һƬɫֵǰǺɫŨīһ㣬ڸһ޴Ĵ˦ʹúˮһһУֱֶ
ҵĶ֣޳ɽҲ˽֮پݹĳĺݣɫƽٿغܿǺɫĺˮһֱȥ
ɽҺõĶ˵˵߾ߣɽ󣡣Ǻãֻ䳣ɽڣڴ˵õΪ𣬹ʶһڣֱ֮Ϊ׷һ֮Ϊ
仰ȴ˷ˮȫ˺ɫں£γһƬīɿݺī٤
Ƭī٤Ϊ̣ɽں߿¿ȥɽޱ֮ƳΪ˺ɫĴһ޲
ǺˮڣӰȻû㺣һУǵһֱµǺȥ
Ǻһ㣬˿̳У˻𶯺ˮγɴĲƻصǺĿһֱͬӳ㺣໥˻Уһ
޵ɱʹúˮͬ˾ҵĲ
ͬʱǾĺ𣬸Ķ֣һȥ֣Ҳ̸Ϻޣ෴ǰһսУֵӡ̣Ҳ˶Ĳ˿İżȻһˡ
һսʧܺ⺣˴£ȴǴΪ֣ͬһָȻסʮϢ
˵޷ܣǼΪߣҪ֪𣬵ҲһŮޣһŮӱκηָ֮оΪŭ
ԭ뷨Уɽ龡ܿ۳ľԴȴôַŵ̬ôͬķϣǿ͸ּ
ǰ󣬶һĮһ㣬ĺ
Ϊݸ߹󣬳޵ļԾ⣬Ѱ֮˿СΪ߹ݣʹռɽ˿˸ǡ
ôҲû뵽ȻֱʮϢһĻ
Ǻ٣üͷһ壬ʱޣʵڲԸ⺣̫飬ŮӾϣٶȽˣ
˿һǺٵɲǣǰһȥһУ߳˾ʮ߸ӰֱǺȥ
ٽɲǣȻ̧ǺȻһȥ
̧˲䣬ܾʮ߸Ӱͬʱ̧ƣں֮£ʮ˵ӡȻûֵǰγһ޴ӡֱǺȥ
Ǻһҧ̧ǰһӣһƬ֮Ȼһ޴ͣڴһ˻ȴһֻɫķ񣬴ڻûɿʮ£Ȼ̺ʮֱͨӡȥ
ɫķɳУ⺣̧ǰȻһָ
һ⺣һָ䣬ȻǰһԲεӡǣӡʮʻɣȻ̺ʮͨ
첻ڶǺҧ֮£Щ԰ף̧䣬ѪȻ˵ƶ
仰ȴԲεӡǺȻ̺ͣʮʻʱжʮѿһԭʮʻںϣȻ˾ʮ
ʮʻ൱ǾʮͨںϣγɵԲεӡǣ̺һɾϢֱֶȥ
ֵӡɫֱ֮䣬ɫķ»µӡȴԲӡǵɲǣӡϢֱ߽⣡
ʲôͨ˫ĿͫԲӡǣһɼΣٽУֲ˼˫̧һʮ߸Ӱûһͷ­ǰ͵һײ
ţײ
ȴǵõħ溧Ȼţͨٴγ֣ʮ߸Ӱֱͬ壬ɲǼһ޴ţ޴ţǣ̺˾ʮ˵ֱͨԲӡǶȥ
⺣ⱻ˺ɽڽս֮ʱǺǱ֮ǰ俪ĺڶڣɽڵλá
˿̣ȴһּΪı仯ٵۡ
ɽԣǲӡ⣬ȴ֮ǰֿϱ߽ɢĵط˿еĹûЩĹ͸һɷײѪһľĿϢ
ֻϢ죬ûɢ㣬ûбڶ⽻ս뺣
ϷƺУ˵صĵԽԽ࣬Ƭ̼䣬鼸ʮһһںϣ˴ڶ̶̵ʱڣȻ໥ȫһ
ûγ֮ǰףγһֻƣ
ֻƣûֱۣʶ֮Ϊƣ
ԭΪӴаɣ˿γɺȴǼСջѰ֮˵һ㣬ͨ岻ɫ͸ϸͺѿ塣
ڣһӡǣ
֣֮飬ӡǶڣģһ֮£ֻܺˮһΣֱϷȥ
˿̣뺣սУ˶û˿⺣׺ڶڣһֻƵĳ٣


1933 ת䣡
ɽĺ棬īɫĺ٤գ٤Ϊ̣Ǻƿ
Ǻ٤ڣ뺣֮ĺˮУ뺣Ůӣչһɱ
Ǻʩչ֮ͨһѪΪۣ۳̺ʮͨԲӡǣӡǹĪ⣬ֱֶȥ
־ľȴţײԿǾ޴ţ֮Ӱ˲ϢԲӡǺһ
֮ͣһ㣬⺣ˮڷıɢʹúˮҪһ㣬γ˽ɱݡ
Ǻɫ԰ףӵˣһУʦڣΪǿֻ޷ƶڶʽˣҲԾ£ж֣
ֻ֣
ͬˣ٣ţͬʱϵĻҲҪɢļ
˺ɲǣĿһȻ̧ܳ־ʮ߸Ӱ˲䣬͵һָԶ˵ĺ𣡣


⺣ǰڶʩչʩչⶨ˲䣬ܾʮ߸Ӱ뱾ۣúֲŭһֱָӽ
㡭Ǻﻹû˵꣬䵹˵֮ǰƣȻʧȥԪתû㺣޵סƳʬһ㣬ź¡
Ȼֹ֣Ȼ׼˿ִ̾ܲ٣˼õʱֻǶסԪ˫Ŀ˼糣
ԽԽԶ֣¶ŭ°޷˿̱ضŭҧ
֮û֮ǰ뺣ʩչⶨԭһ⺣ȻȥֹȻ׼ӵһİնԿԼ
ʶܼʩչҪȵǡʱһٶ
ǰ⺣ֳֽɱ¾ӶݣĻʮϢʱ䣬뿪⺣棬ǺָҲ׷
֮£佫䶨סˣشٶʹ䲻׷Ϊ֮·
סǺһΣҪ߿㺣޴źֱϷȥʶʶ·һɨ뺣׵塣
һɨ֮£ȴȻһ㶣
뺣սĵط뺣ײԶǺ³У·ԶǺ׵ĺڶڡ
һɨ֮£ƿһƬģĲƣǺڶڼٶȻʧȥһз֮ĺ𣡣
ǲڣĳ֮ƾۣȴ޷壡
֣֮飬ӡһģ⺣ˮڴɢ˲䣬ɫȻ䣡
û
ͷƤ飬̫֮ǰڵķӡ׵ǿ󣬴˿̼û˿ԥҪȥȴٴһ١
·ǺԪ񱻶˫Ŀ˼ڣĿԶˮУһģӰ뺣ˮںϣԼٶ
һ޷ݵΣȻĵ׺֣Σ֮ǿԶԶһսһû־ļ£
˫۷Ŵ󣬴˿޷ʧȥһзֻ֮ĿǺˮƵڵӰɢһɾֲϢУֱԼ
һǿĺһ̣˫Ŀ¶δйĿ־ҪӶѣ
ĸо˿̷𣬶һŮӣԿµʱĿӿֳ˾
ǺˮڣǴӺڶڷɳĶƣƷһ㣬˭ֻҪͻᴫǷ֮飬ӡ֮
˿ҪӣԲȥǺתԼٶȷӶ£пǺΪӳ졣
ɲǵУȴ͵תһȥ䣬Լٶȣֱ·ĺȥ
һСˣҲǾӣһģ⺣޳𣬴˵ػ˽Ҳ֮£ٶȼ죬˲Ϣǧɡ
ɽӡҶ˿̳֣⺣ҲҶסҴ˿ߣڲˣģ
Ҽģƾʲôȥ죬ƾʲô־ȥƾʲôȥ̤۷壡˿֣¶ᶨȻֱ𣡣
һٶеĺ𿴵һ¡
ٶ֮죬ת۾ټǺʮɣֻٶٿ죬ȴҲ첻Ǻˮڲе͸ƣ˿Ȼӽ˺𲻵ʮɣ
ײУѪһ˵ķںˮڽʵָ쿪ź͵һɡ
ֿʩչȴ޷⿪Ϊߣһ֮£ǿ𿪣⺣ǱΪﵽսֲͬʵʵΪкܴĲ࣬޷̶һ˲ƿԼⶨ
⺣رǺ֮ǰӡ޷˲ƣۿǺǰ۵ĶƾҪɣǺо˲䣬һͺȻתٶȣת֮£ʹֵ壬һɲǱ˴δйٶȣ
ٶȣȫתӿı֣ٶȣʹǰУȻ˾ʮ߸Ӱͬʱھʮ˸Ӱ˳
ʮ˸Ӱһ壬һ𣬾Ǿʮţ
ȫ¶һӰֵٶȣȻǶٽ𲻵ߣײϢ¶Ҫɵһ˲䣬һɴ뺣֮䣬ʹǺ׿
ǺʱǰֵӰ
һڴ˿̣Ȼָж
ָɲǣֹûǶȻһնȥ
Ƕʧȥ˺Ŀ꣬쿪ֱһץ
֣֮飬ӡģصУֵĹһ𣬴˺¡¡ľ졣
£ӵѪ䵹˵ӣȴǱһĽסǺҧ´ֵ壬ٺˣźȥ
Ǻ䣬ǶƱֱչ룬ȴûɢǱ˴˼ںϣŶ˼׷ȥ
ǺˮƵٶȣ֮ǰҪɲ׷٣Ǻ˿޷У̧һȭ
ȭ֮Ȼ˾ʮ˸Ӱһȭ籼һֱǶƶȥ
ͬʱǺһӣǿչԲε̺˾ʮͨһȭһǰһǶơ
֮ɲǼ侪춯أˮ£ȴһΣƱȴĵ㣬ȻɲǼ䣬뵽ֵڣ
ƣҲֵĶƣ
ĵֵɲǣһɫ԰׵ľʹ̴ʹ࣬ӾҵĲǴĵ۳Ȼֵϣƴһ֧ɫף
һƬУ׸ֱȻӡ
⾪˵һĻǺ¶𾪣ɫ԰ףĿֳ˾ʹ⣬ʧȥ֪ƲԼһ㣬ӣֿԤλãԼ
ڣĵֻ֮ɲǣֳһּΪˮһĸоָоΪ
û˿ԥкһֹǵɲ̧ԼȻһնֱ۷룬ѪУϿƮȥѪڻֻʣһƤ֮Ƥ뺣ˮںϣٴֶ
֣֮飬ӡ
ֹϵľٶ˺ʱ䣬ɫ԰ֿ̧һöû֣һ飬ѵɲǣһɫĹĻʱ֣չ֮£ɴСС󼲳۶ĺ㺣ޣγܵķĻƼǺ𣬻о̵ĺ㺣ޣһͬź³
ܿǹĻ˺֮ǰĺˮеīɫһƬڣֻ֮⴫ÿһ£Ļȴûб
ǶƲϵغĻȴһʱ֮䣬޷ƿֻ֮ȴԽӾ
ĻֳɰԲΣ⺣ڣ֮⣬һƬţ
ɫϥһԣĿǺСӣԱߣŲԶںƯ㺣ޣɫƵͬʱҲʱĻ¶֡
㺣ͬŭӺ֮䣬Ʋһ㡣
ְ⣬գ˿̲԰ףͷɢңɫӣ֣ԺڸֳֵԼǰһĻ
㡭㻹ôʦҵıʦӦúܿͻ١ﻹеҩ㡭ơ䣬һӣڳһƿƿϣһϵġ֣ۡɢѹ
ŵҩǰȡһ飬ҪͿĨֵֶϱ۴ʱȻ˫ۡ
ãֱ俪ڣһΣ˺ϥ£ʧȥƵۣһѪģ䣬³֣ǿĻָ֮
һ£ĬƬҪ˵Ȼɫ䣬͵ĿϷĻɫ¶޷ţֵ˫ۣͬĶǹĻ



1934 һһŮ
ȴɹĻ⣬ԭϺĶƣȻǹĻϣĿ⿴ȥƴ˿̵ӣͬһһ㡣
˽ܵţʹǶڵӡǣչ¶뺣ǰ
ˣɫ䣬뺣һģǶȻͷŴת֮ͻɡǧɣ
ۿɼٶȣƼٱתۼ䣬ȻͻɴСȻԲεĹĻȫڣ
ǶƷŴĻһĻ֣ĻȻҵ˸ǻصĲƣĻͻȻ
ˣ뺣˵ֻΪ˫Ŀڣɿ԰ֳܿĬУע⵽Լͷ޷ԶƯ
ķĻڿƶĿһ˵
ʲô֡
֣ͷԼ³֣ĬƬ̺󣬻ڡ
ɽķӡ
ɫ԰ףЦûٿڣϥ£ڵܣ֪дʲô
ʱţܿ죬ϵĻɢŻɢȥһƣ֮
ʦǶʱҲǶĻӦһڵϵͬӡһ̾ڵϷƽ˵
ȡɽǣΪʲôҪȥɽķӡӡǵ沼ã㡭ãǺɫӣ֡
Ǿ㣬˿Ѿ뿪ɽֿǺһۣڡ
Ĭ
ʱžУһϢţת۱졣
Уʼûн̸ǺʱϷĹĻɫ仯֣ԱĿУǻõļɽȡóһڡ
ΪǹŹֻ֣ǿսٳڣȴӵսɽ˵԰ʿ۳ʵ֮ԴеľԴ˿սٵʿٶ˼ԴҲɣкãǺĬ󣬿ɽ飬̲סڡ
㲻һֲδ̫࣬˫Ŀںһɨƽ˵
һ㶼ģҲżǺüһ塣
ֳĬ˫ۣڵɽ֮顣
Ļ̣ǰ֮ǰ˵ӣʦǺѶʱҵɽȥĵطʦѰҲһЩʱ䡣
˿ʧȥһϵ㲻ôǺֱĿԼ촽һȻ˵
ֻ˵˫֣ãɫ¶֮⡣
ˣľͷһ˵˼ô
˫ۣΪΣǺ
ĻҵûԾûǴеĻ
㣡Ǻվӣһ˵ĽתһΣ뿪ܣȥǧ⣬Զ󣬲֡
ȥֱ˫Ŀɽ֮УʶȴɢһЩǾ衣
ǺſߣݺݵĶԶͬԼ㺣ޣûб˴˻𣬵ȴĿ⽻ս޾̺֮ĿУ˴һһȥĿ໥Գ֡
ʱž£һεʮ졢ʮ졢һ¡¡¡
תۼ䣬ĸ¡
ĸڣûп˵һ仰ɽУƤϣֳһĨ⡣
ߵĺ㺣ĸµĿ⽻սȻƣӣʼնݺݵĶš
㺣ޣЩƣȴ˴һĸ¡
֣ЩԾĸºһ죬Ǻɫǣǧֶʮɴ¡
˫ĿŮĸ²ŮӾգһ˿㲣ɾˣӵȻĶ
ʦ𲻿ĸ֮ûûҵǡ˼֪Σ󣬼Ƕ뿪ɽʦҲܼڣĸ»ûг֡ûǣĸµʼ޷ģֲ֮С
ֿܡƽڡ
һȥһ˿ԲĵطܼҲƲⲻ
ʦ𲢷룬ἴ㡣
ܣʦ֪Σգضǰ˵ĵһֿܣҲԣʦΪϣûп㲻ĵص㣡̿ڣ֣һԥٴ˵
ӦҲµˣʦǾõ۴𣡡
ɫ糣û˿⣬֮ǰںóҩʱͿǵҩϵĵ֣һΪ֮ˣ⺣ƶʦԾΪȻˡ
ںϣȻͲ³ʦ𣬺пܾǴ𣬶ԵΪߣɻп⣬ͬݵľõ۴ˡ
ˣôǵֿˣƽǵĹĻɣڣʱţ粻ͬȹֻ꣬һ졣ֻڣ졣
Ǻɫ̲԰ǼΪ֮ˣֿҲв²⣬ֻҲ뷨Ѿȷʮ֮ߡ
Ļ˵ʦңȴάֲꡭһĻƿǰֳǶƵĿ¡
ڶ˽̸УȻɵĹĻȻһ֮ɷΧʱΪ˾ǧɣ
ǹĻںУһģӰӰƯŹĻڵ뺣һײеϢɢ
֣֮飬ӡģӰ
ŹĻΧǺ͵̧ͷϷǹĻеӰ
Ļɣˣֿʱ᳤һЩͬǹĻӰкһ˵
䣬̧źһӣǺһâߡǺһɣͬѡ㺣ޣ˫ܵĹĻһָʱǹĻ˸£ȻۣӾǧɻ˰ɴС
һڣֻʣ⺣һһŮˡ
ĬУһڣ̾һĿ
ʱţĸ¡¡ܿ죬һȥˡ
һʱ䣬磬̡ܶⱻڴ˵صһһŮˣȴֻаɴСĿռڣЩ
ֻһЩϰ˹¶һʱ䣬ںɽ飬бԴУľԴѿٵĳɳš
ǺȴڳĬ˰˸º˫֣ǰӣȺޣǸӡ
޵񣬴δİˣڰɷΧڣһסһꡣ㡭ֻ֪֣ǵԼ˵ģĸţڡ


1935 ˭Ķƣ
šִ붨ѣ¶׷䡣
ߵڡãƽ˵
ߵڣƬ̣ӡеǿţûߵڡ
ߵڣһСڡְ̾ŵһ̣һ˼
ûţС͸ʦڵɽϳ󡣡˵
ɽÿڣɽҶȼ˻һлᣬȥɽ
Ŷ˵̸һķΧɵڡ
սݵĵһ㡭ͬô˫ϡ
ûСҡͷ
ʦ˺ܺá˼ҡֵĻ¶΢Цգգۣ
ʱûпǡûֱӾܾίĿڡ
޵ˣǺ֪ΪΣͻȻ⡣
Ӧû㳤üͷһ塣
ǺŴ˻ڿڽЦһУһˡ
Ϊ־߱սﱻҲ˿Ӧû˫޵£ĻҲû˿ǺʱǺЦ˵
üͷٴɨǰŮһۣãŮЩ֣֮ǰԼоģЩͬ
ͬ֮ǰҲûж뿪ķϣҪҪһǺƶܸȤ֡
òѰȴжصʣ
Ϊһ㣬ӵսǳá
忴⣬ɣ˫޵£һǺ˫¶֮â֮ʱһǶ˵˫
ȻͨĿһĻڡ
ǺһҪ˵ʱֵ˫ĿͻȻ⣬ǽ£ɫΪϣһѹ֮ʹúĻû˵ڡ
ﱻʱҪ˵ôĳһֻ䣬ص֮Ӱûȴɱ¾һ߳ϥǺ֮䡣
ĳ̸ͿɣĪҪҵУһ˿⣬ȥھ뺣ԶĽ£Ŀɽ顣
Ǻһ㶣Ȼû뵽־Ȼôһüһ壬һɢŨɱ¾ϢԼһ˫ۣҲ
⺣йŹ֣Զֱ壬ǺĿ֮ʱͫ΢ɲһ
֮ǰΪǶǳ˱ʣʶŻڳֺ󣬲δֱҶǵһ
ƴһЩءǺ֮ǰı仯ӡеȻͬȴû˿һ֮أʶɼĿɨҲûвߡ
⺣ҵĸоȴЩüͷ𣬳Ƭ̺󣬱㲻£ǳɽ֮С
ʱһΣꡣ
У˿ûǺ𣬶ǲϵڵɽ飬ʹľԴ֮ڲϵسɳʱ䣬ĿľԴ֮ȻСɡ
һƬƬɫĻƣֵƤϣЩƿֲ磬УʹֵӣЩ
꣬Ǻ𺱼һ仰û˵һڴУʱɫ仯֪ʲôͨ
ڣÿһʱ䣬Ƶĺ֮⴫дĻʱţֺԽӵƵ
ɵĹĻУҪļ
ĵĸ£ͻȻĻں֮ԶԶֵУʹȻ̧ͷȥ
̧ͷ˲䣬ɫһ䣬ǰһȥƶɲǣɹĻǺ£Ȼ
Ӱɣֱһ룬ΪʮɣǺҲѹɫ仯ǰС
֮Լʱ󣬲ɢĻֻʣʮɣʮɵľ룬뺣˵ȻǼĿ
Ļһ궼޷֡ѾԴ˵ֿǶƣˣ󣬻ǳΪʮɡ
֮ǰĽɣڷɢ֮£ѾˡɫԴǣǰвͬ˿ָ̻Ƶġ
ò̫ãʮɵķΧֱĻüɫ¶Ρ
к˸ŹĻϷٴοеһģӰӰĿ
һɲǣһ𣬺ǹĻĿڣ̺һԽȥǻһ궯֮⣬ȫ
˫۽Ȼһѹ
ʼڶǡ۲ǵһһһֱˡ¶־壬ڡ
һƣֻڡ
ô˭ĶƣĿһǺһ̷𣬺ȻֱϷȥ
ֵͻȻľٶǺ¶ɫһҪ档
㲻ҪʲôԾ̽ѣûлͷȴںڻص
һ٣ֵıӰֱϷȥͬıӰ֪ΪΣ뵽ǰ棬ֵԼǰһĻ
˲ٽϷĻıԵǱԵڣײ磬ǹĻڣλãٵɲǣͻȻǹĻģӰȻͬһȻֱֶ
ǹĻ⣬ģӰȻͣ٣Ļֻ֣֮ͬŹĻ磡
һûƤѪģΪֲȴһ˵ϣֻһƬģĲǺΨӰ֣ΪʵʵһӵƤ
Ӱ׵ɲǣ˫Ȼ¶޷֮ɫͬ͵һ
ģûƤף˫Ŀһ˲¶֮âֱĹĻȥҪ͸˫ڡ
Ժһ˲ʧȥһʶԺֻĿ⻯һ˫˫ۣ˫ڴһ˵Ĺ죬һص

ɲǣȻһ֮䲻ϣԿʹ͵ľѣ侪ѣߴ𽹼ľɨȻٽ
û¡ֻڣǹĻֻһ磬ֻҪǰһЩƾҪ͸뿪Ļһ㣡
ѵɲǣĻģӰ˻͵ײǹĻϣҪĻҵ˸ȴû顣
桭ֵĿ⣬͸ǲĹĻǷײӰϡ


1936 ɵ
ǹĻģӰܿƤѪһƬֱϾţǵػʱһ״̬УӡţһĻ
ǰģӰףȻֵ꿴棬Ϊƣ
ģӰҵУĻƻصɫȥڵһɲǣʮɵĹĻģӰϵײУٴ
ȻʮɣʮɴСʹǺ𣬲òһЩ
ģӰײԼʱƽŹĻڵ뺣˺УӰ
Ļֲ˶áҧ´ϷĻ֮Ŀڡ
ֳĬ֮ǰоƴʲô֮£ˣôܻûӡ
ʦǾõ۴˵йص飿ĿһǺ
棿һַۣϳǶΪ棬ֻгδʶ⺣𲢲֪
ʦһΣںܾ֮ǰֻһ½ӡһ֮飬ʮޡ
ڷӡ˵ʮʧ٣֪ȥ򡣼ĺˣҲѰ˺ܾã֪Ρ
ʦżȻ沢ʧ١ʦɣ浱ʲôʡھ壬ʦû˵ƶԴ£Ը̸ӡ¶˼ڡ
ЩﴫֶУֳĬĿȴ¶˼
пܣƾ桭ˣô˭֡ɼıкִܶţ᲻ԭЩ
ֻǣΪɽӡڣӡ꣬пͱΪųڵһĿԵһΪûв
˵˫¶⡣
һڵļ𣬶֪ɽӡĹŹ֣֪Ķߣȴûϰ߳˼ܣ˿Լ²Ľ
ʦǾõ۴ΪԶݣɽھסĿ΢ɲһڡ
㻳ңǺĿһʱ˫ͻȻ˸ľ⡣
ôŮӣĬƾһ仰⺣Ȼǲ³˺ܶࡣ
ûнֻͣƽź
ŮӳĬƬ̣ɫã˼һ֮һЩ͵̧ͷϷ¶֮ɫ
ʦݣɽΪסü˵
Ŀһ仰֤ʵһЩ²⣬ʵˣº⡣
ǴӺδɽɽ飿Ǻʵ
Ǵţɽľ顭г˼֮ɫŨ
ǰҲɽһȴδǰʦͻȻﳤþסָ֮ǵһءգΪ
΢΢һЦ˵ĻȻһЩĹؼڡ
ʦΪնɽڣͼɽķӡ֮еƣ˫Ŀڡ
һҿ⣬ʦҳ󣬽޵ΪնҲûаԹֵֻǣΪ⣿Ϊ˺£˫Ŀ֡
ɫ糣ҡͷû˵ȴǶԴ£һ²⣡
ҵѰ֮пߣ̶֮ޣҲѷ֡ڴ˵ûܣ
֮ˣָ˵أп֤ҵͬʱõ۴һĿģ
ֻõ۴˵ΪնȻºֻͣúסĬĬɽ飬û˿ʶںҵȿ֤ݣҲǶƣ
ǲǷԶ磬ǣǲĹŹ֮ޣ޵ǧ꣬ǶڣƾϸķܣһδεΣ
̫һǣȴаѺܶһܳ
ǲ֪һ棬ְʲôλáֵͷĿâ
ʦùһ֪ضģǣٳ˿֪޴Ψһӣ
ֻҪ¶Զ磬ҲްٵȵȣЩϾֻҵĲ²ѡֳУ̧ͷǺһۣŮӣ˿ȻĿ¶˼ɫС
õ۴ΪնضǴŮ֮棬ԭ򣡡֮ǰһЩ²⣬ȷֻʣǶ֮䣬״ʲôܣ
ջĿ⣬ֱ˫ۣɽУδΣԼսΪպһ¶˵ĸ
ʱƽУٴš
һ֮꣡ͬǰʱһ⺣𣬱Ѿ֮á
УǶģӰ˾ŴΣÿһγ֣ŭĻʹĻŴ
һգǵھŴΣǹĻĻζ䣬֮ĻѾ˼Ƶģ䷶Χ£ھŴεĶƺУֻɣ
ɵķΧʹ뺣˼ΪֶŵǴӺϴ㡣
ɲҪֵ֪Ĺó֮ɼ˵طΧ֮С
˵ĽӽǺҲ޷ɫкΣЩ̫ӦֵĿ⣬ӵʱҲӶ
ֿŵŮӵ㣬ͬԸܵڴ¡
Χ̫Сˡûнİ취ĻʱƿһٴɫУա
Ҳüͷһӣ޵ļŮ⣬İŮ˽ӽҲоܲӦĴֲϵü
ټĽӴ⺣ǿľüһľɫŮӣָоְ̾
ôȥˡ˫һʱĻѷ죬ĶӰȻٴγ֣ҵĺУĻ֮ԽǿңǿԿһ˿˿ѷĻɢ
£Ļһ
ɡɡһɡ
ɣ
ֻʣ°ɷΧʱǺ𼸺Ҳ࣬¸ʹñ˴˿ܡ
һƬڣĻĶƣ֪Ϊֹͣ˺ʹɲǼžֻǺĺĻں
֡ڰУڣɢֵࡣ


1937 ô𿴵
Ҫ˵ֺȻڣĿ˸̧ͷϷĻ⣬ȴӰ
ĻѾҪٿӡ鿪֮壬ٶȳ
ڳУͬʱչǿͨҲµʦˣֿǹĻģӰȻԵĺ
ĬƬ̣һ
һЩķ㣬˿ȴɲӦ˫Ŀһɲǡ
ȴ˫ȻϷĹĻһָ
һָ֮£ǹĻ̷죬ֻϱʹڵϸܵѷ죬ȻƬĵ֮£ɢ뺣壬͵һƣ
ƶ֮뺣廯磬ǹĻУֱͬʱǺȫ֮ǰķԸ˫£Բӡǻû̺˾ʮͨʹԲӡɢĹâ
ԲӡǵһǱĹĻƬĶӰϣһ춯صĺǺ£޶ҪըǶӰˣ߽⣬һƬĵ㣬ת֮£ȻٴУ»ָ
ʱ˿̣ɽڣɽϿգӰƯ·˾վɼʿ٣Ҳ˿ʶۣ
ӰһǴŵ۵꣬һͷڷ磬üĿԼʮӣ˫ۣͬǿһ㣬֮᲻ɵĳڡ
ᣬȴһµĲɣɫƽУܵգȫֹ֮أȫҪԾֹķʽĤݡ
ǵһ
⣬ǵڶӰһӣӹ󣬱ȵһ߳һͷ֮࣬źܼ򵥵鲼ӣ˫֣վ
ûͷȴ˿ûͻأ֮УòдֲڣӢȴһֺسһĴ˫Ŀʱһ䣬¶һ²ĿϢ
עӴߣ̾ͻȫֻܼסǾ춯ص˫Ŀɫƽȴŭ
һ˵ɢƣɵļˣռƼ֤ŴˣɵԵɣ俪أ̤֮У
Ǽ֤ŴˣڳΪһ̣ӡ豹֮ͬڣʶ⣡
ԭһڵĵطﲻȴзһƮƵһϢû˿á
ԱߣһӰһߣߴۣƽվȫû˿Ĳ֮ͬѰʿһòձ
ƣ˫Ŀû̫ɣһήҵӣǵһﲻϢ£ȴû˿⣬ľУҲѰһܲ
õۣǵˡһ΢΢һЦձߣ߾òһȴ֪õλУ֮ˣ˵֮ʱʿ
ǾŵۣòҲǼΪӢ䲻תڵھŴγɹ󣬱Ϊã
Ըձɫƽڡ
޹أҺܿáһ΢Цҡͷ
ҲܿأжߣԴ˵طӡԲſɣ˵֮ˣ
壬ֻҪ˲йؾͿɡһһ·ɽ
Ȼ䣬һһҲͬĿһϸȥߣҲɫ¶һ˿졣
·ɽһƬīǣǺī֮£޾ˮһڶڶڣɽڣӡУ˿̴ҵĺ졣
Ǻ֣ԲӡǶչײǶӰ۵˲䣬˫̧ϸֳţ꣬ȫ䣬Ϊ˻ͬʱǿͨ
ضдҲãһҲգǾõۣȻ֮ҪֵҪҵʵôĿ
̧ڳɲǣǰȻһӡ
һУɫ䣬ڵڣȻĻȴУֱӻһƬҹ󺣣Ǵ󺣵ıԵϣһֳɢ͵Ľ⣬ٵ𣡣
ųգɽܷɢ̺һ˺ҹʹڵҹգ˲Ϣ㵹
ǳ¶һӰӰ֣
˫ۣųǽ˺ҹɲǣȻ˫Ŀ
˫Ŀ˲䣬ǳɢ޾ڣȻ̺һ˿ֵΪڣʹ֮ȻΪ
ҪҾ͸ǿйâɡ
ţһкڰɢȥ
ţâᴩ͸ҹգҫأ
ţһΪߣɢ
ֵૣȻɢ˺˺ҹ͸ǺڰеĶӰʹӰոۺ̱ĵɢʱȴûɢǵУԶٴ۵ļ
ֻɫϿӰǿͨ£Ҳȫƣ
ⲻӣγ֮ⲻϵɢ£˺˺ҹ˺ɽڵޣʹɽ˲Ϣɢһ⣬̫ͬһ㣡
ɢɽɣǴ͸˲ӡֱϷȥǺڶڣɽڣһ͸ڵĺˮһ⣬ʱɫʣ
Ǵ͸Ǻ٤ĺīֱӳնȥӳϣһ⡢õ۵ĿУ
һ˫Ŀ̱⡣
Ŀһ¶֮⡣
Ψߣüͷһ壬̧·ˮһָѰһָû˿ӰûǷָ
ڱ⴩͸䣬ĺ죬Ǿ£ˮƷڣϵط䣬Ȼһ޴ĺָȻһָȥ
ֵӴǺˮһû˿ԥһ㣬һ缲۶ߡ
Ǻ棬ֻˮУһ޴Ķƣһڸץ
ֻǾץɲǣǺˮĺָһָǶһ
죬Ƕȥһ٣һ԰ףӳ˺棡
𣡣
ǶƱһָ亣ףɲǼһײеϢ𣬶ƻӰ䣬˫Ŀڸ¶Ȼܿϵĵһˣ˿̷Ź˺ֱ˶ȥ
ϣһָ̤
Ŀһǰһȥվ˺Ƕ֮䣬̧
ʦ𡭡һߡĬУĿⲻɵԶȥķɫӣ̾һ


1938 ڵִ
ɽԵӰɲǳ֮һȥأһʧӰ
ֱԶɽ֮ɽޣһƬŲ֮أӰûվһò֮ϣͷңңһؾͷ
ԲҹǶӰû˿ͣ٣һڳɲǣܵѹصϢֵĴڣ֮ǰĲ²⣬Ϣ˭
ϥ£غ֮󣬱ĹĻҪʹܶࡣ
Ƕڣ֮£˷ɽ֮Уջ٣ɽ⣬ҪģȡһɼƬĿһ̧Унһ
ǺĹĻڣ޷գ辡콫ĿڣֳУҲйش⣬ȻԼ뿪ûضͨǵĲԡ
һΣģ²ںϣڣʧڣϥȡɽ顣
ʱ䣬飬ľԴȻɣԸܵڵһľ֮ԴϢ»ţ֪ںϺǷԵԴ
ľԴЩ죬ںԽԽ֪ʱȫΪԴ֮ľ飬һգ̰ľȫڣʼ
²һЩʱ䣬ҪȰɼƬղص㣬ƬһҪ˼һ½Ҫ֮·ֳĬУһڣǴɽӡڱðնɼƬɢ޾⡣
ƬƴСԵ򣬵ȴ͸һƿնϢ
Ƭ˫Ŀͬɢ⣬ģ˫ͫУͬһɼƬ֡
˫ڵĽƬ⣬һɲƱ˴˽ںϣ֮֮ǰɽڵٻڻص
ٻԽǿңȴеɼƬڵͬʱȻɫϸ˿Ƭڻһ㣬γ˽ɫϸߺֱ˫Ŀȥ
һɫϸ˫ĿںڽȻɢûа¶һƬ֮Уڰڣϥţƽĺɡ
ʱţأ콻Уȹ졣ڵĲ֣＾һƬƬҶڷд򣬷ֵ
ҶƮɢҵӣ֪δںδϢУҲһЩʿ·Ƭ֣ȴû˿֣Ƭڣһòһʿ
ʱ䣬һƤµ˫Ŀڣȴ˾˵Ľ⣬ͬʱԺУʱ䣬ͬȹ¡
ԺУڱ˴ںϵɼƬƬǰƴСǱԵ򣬵£ڣУƬȻȫںһ
ǵ룬һԼһ߶೤ĽɫСȻû˽ͨɢһѹγ˽ԺԽӵʵ
ڵڰ죬˫Ȼһ˲䣬˫ĿںȻɢ̺˳֮ǰѹ֮Ƿʵʣ罣ѣʹڵĲڣɫ֡
ܿ죬Ǵ˫ĿɢĽ⣬һʱʱ䣬еĽȫ˫ĿͫУû˿©ֵͫףҲûа쳣ֻһƬ峺
峺ڣȴһϣĿͻսˣ
ѹ֮ɼѹ
ֻ˫ۣٴ˿̾صѹҲȫɢƴﵽ˷豹һ㡣
ɼһнۣ֮û뵽ζȡ˵ڶƬںϺ󣬾ȻʹڣһԴԴɫƽ¾ͻȻȴʹȻȻģһЩ
һƬ൱ɽ顭̧ǰһӼ䣬ȴʮ˸Ӱûںϣ͵һȭ
žž֮ڴ࣬ȴ͸һɻ֮Сȭͷڣɢ˾ŵɫŵÿһ̺һͨ
ȥɽ֮ǰ֮ʱŵͨһȭһָ䣬Լ֣Ŀһ˲䣬ȴǱŸƵȭڣžž֮ĻصȻʮХŸͬʱơ
ӦòֹʮɿٴһյɲǣʱһƺȭͷڴţֻʮһȻ֣
ʮһڲչ뱾Դı״̬£һȭһָ䣬ʮһͨչ뱾Դֵֺһȭһָ£ʮĵ֣ͨ
Ͼ뱾һչ¿ɷ˫ͨټٴα֮Դ֮Դû۳鱾ԴǱʵԴأ鱾ԴںΪһ壬һ㡣
ֵӣʮսУںϺƾԣԼսʽ
Ӧûԡૣ̧𣬳֮һѰϣһ֮£ȫһ𣬿дһͺ
ȴ价ʮһ֣ȻǺ£˵ʮʮֺ󣬽ŵʮȻ
ֺм٣ܸܵǼˣ
ʮͨչ뱾Դ֮£ûдףҲʮͨһս
֪ڵսȥ֮أܷȹ㣡Ӧԣ¶΢Ц
֮أûдȥʱȻ⣬ԣһڶȥһҪһˣ
дע⣬ͿǵڶδˣҲսҪģǻضݣȥǶڵĶٳأ˳أڶþУǷвֳ֮ͬվӣĿ¶֮â
ȥڣ˺ڶδܹ㣡ѡһ󣬱ϣһվڣݻʳǣ
˻ʳڵĽᣬұ뿪أȥʮȥҵʦޣɳŵһΣʧؼûӰһ磬Զڣ۶ȥ
ܸܵԼԽԽǿҳΪ֮ʱԽ㣬ҵӸһգ
һ죬ԶˣܽܽܽˡּУ˫¶ᣬڣ׷䣬һĻĻǻǰ£ȴǧ겻ڵִš


1939 ɣ
ƫһޣΪʥ
ʥ޼ΪƫƧȵţڸӻƫƧҲֻǶʿ˵޷ȴǲ٣иǴ޵飬ũֲ˳ʶʹʥڣΪ󸻡
ʥڣ֮£ʶ޷ˣ˰ɣ˼Ϊ羴ѰԵȥ
ֻ޵ɼţе޵һŶйأڸ˲Ҳˣʹ÷˸Ϊ
ڵأڶݾʮԵúǵ͵ڵӣǾС
ʥ޵գаƣټƵı̲죬ܶˣһƯգΪ׺ĻͬʱҲϰΪ֮ʱ˵Ϊ졣
˿̣ǴʥڣһĶ⣬н˹վУĸżΪΪףǼ߲ӣȴǿžʹӵĲ£Ӳ˿ʱ
֮ˣҲһû˿ͣȺΪ٣һԶεӣڵʲôһ㡣
ֻǵȵʱ̫һЩֹһʱǵ֮ʱأǴķ磬Ҳˡ
ǱһЩˣܲסļ尾ǿͦȴεһվǰԱ۵ӣɫ԰нӹʹӵݹı飬ڶͷʱ̲סֹ˼䡣
ǲҪ˵ءǴӼﶼ˿ʱˣȣҪȶʲôʱ򰡡
סڣɼ㲻ҲӦ֮£ȣû˱ˣԱĻﱻǰһ̻ͷŭԱ⡣
ߺȳԱæ¶ֺ֮ЦҪ͡
ߣɿϷ뼸һͬȥ˺ܾãô֮£Ӧˣͣţ˿ⲼС˴ɣȫҹ˳ǣߺݺݵĵԱһۣʹӹ˱ڶͷ
ĵϧ˷еʱ䣬Ҵʥ޷ߣ࣬˭˲֪˵Ϊ˴ɹȥ߸ͯУ˵ͻˣҲ˽ţһɣȮ죡
ǿ仰˵ģһɣȮ찡ӿԽţҵɣԱһߣһૡ
ûԱ⣬Ϸѣ֮ǰסŮǹŮѾ˫ʮ껪˵ܽˣΪԱİ󣬴ɲҲһô
Ҳ˵λɵԴǣһɣȮ죬仰⼸ʮҴʥ޺
̸ԴкĽ
˷ܵĽ̸֮ʱͻȻһԶХɨأ֮ͨһ뿴ȥ
ȴԶվͷһԼʮɵĺɫɡɡ»һɫӱƵĽΣĸ۴󺺣̤磬Ž
ĸ棬ʮͯӣһűƿŷɢâı񣬻ܣ
Ĵĸ̧ŵĽ֮ϣϥһ׷ԲԵߣһɷǣһۿȥˣ
뷲֮ˣԵ𣬴˴Űɫĵۣͷ׷ȴƤӤһϸ壬˿˫ۣâ˫Ŀɢ
ˣ
ɣ
ǽɣһĻ·ǳĽˣһɫ¶ȵĳ羴ЩʹӷŵϼһƿˣͨĹ˵ϣĤݣƬ̣˶ռĤ
ɣɣɣɣɣ̧Žεĸ󺺣ͣڰգһͺ
ǵͬһ𣬺һ㣬Ȼֻϵ˶ٴκ󣬲ž߱Э˿̵ͺ£ϵӢ䣬ͬ·ݿ
ɣ֮ɣɣ֮ɽɣʥ֣ĸ󺺵ͺЩͯӣһɤӣٴ˻ͬ˴ںϺڻص
ǽϵߣ¶飬Ǵȷʵ̺һ˿ϣ·֮ˣ̧𣬴һ˦
һ˦֮£ɫ䣬ȴƹХʹϣɲǼƣ¶εĻ
Ļı仯·ЩˣһĿɿڴУ˾ηļ
ӽţϽеİ׷ߣ΢ɲһ˿⣬ԼɫΪ⣬ԼôˣҲƭ٣ˣƭʵ̫̫ˡ
˵⣬ͷҪԼǳϸҪ󣬴˿̧ٴһӡ
εĻϣȴһΪݻĹȻûֻӰӰ£ĻĳУȴǸһɹһĴ
ɹڣмֻɺ׷Ļϻ磬ء
·֮ˣĻϵټϾ벻ܲǽϵߣ˿̶ͷڳˮȻԼһĻ˵ҲǲСĸɡ
һɣȮ죡ﵽ۷һɲǣϵɷǵߣվӣ˫ǰһӣдһ
ص˲䣬·йݵķˣǳǳ֮ͬˣ󲿷ֶߵĻ
һɣȮ죡
ǳ⣬ǽνڴϣǰ׷ߺЦ£ǰЩ֮ˣվǼ׵ߣǼҾ
ӭɣ
ӭɣ
ˣһͣǲˣʱޣֻס죬ڣȵôһһо߱ԵߣҶȥǰ׷ߺЦºͣԽˣԽɷǵϢȥ
ǰ˼ӣ׷ȻѾϰߣ΢ЦУе⡣
ҽһ뿪˴ӣƭһ·ôȥƭ̫̫֮࣬ҽӸ죬߱ƭ츳ʦͨûмκɽţԼΪ
֮ˣν亱˵ʥҲǧѾƭ˰Ҵ͹˵أ紾ӣɣұ֮˵һ鱦ذ
ҪģȻδֻͬһһɣȮĻڴ˵һ˳ЦУǳ˹£̤˳ǣ
˿̣ʥڣ˳Լؼ䣬ĻһƻصֵӰ¶һܣĿһ
Ǵʥˣ֮ޣ


1940 
ھʮڣһųƣ֪ڣûʿֵĹõĵͼУڶڵϢ١
ںйء
ڼȻоʮڣҲѰʿҲ޷һʶɢ֮Ҫյͼ϶֮ǰŲһ̧ͻȻһ㶡
ʶɢУһĳǳڣܵһϤĲⲨڶ磬Ϊת֮˷ӡ£Զ޷벻ԶʶԸܡ
ɲ˭ء¶΢Цһ˿ڴ޷֪Ⲩһˣ統ڵ⣬˪ʱˡ
ֻܲۿ֪Էݡ
Ͼķӡͳһû̫
¶ĵ΢ЦİĴϣĹˣ˭ѵõϲ
һΣıǰڵͷֱĳǳضȥ
Ϊľ룬ת۾ͿٽǰϵĳǳأԽӵĽӽǹɲΪǿңǳصϷͷǳڴӵȺУһɷǣɫ˵İ׷ʱֵɫʱŹ
ߣǷӡڣ
ҪⲨֻҪȺһ׷ϤףͿһϳԷ
룡ɫΪŹ֣¶΢Ц
뵱ƭȴûת֮󣬾ȻҲߵһ·ֵļʶټ϶˽⣬һɨоͲ³·ٷ˴ӵĿġ
غĵ⣬ܹķˣ̲סЦݸŨֻЦݣһЩͷʹĿЦ
ƭˡڶƭʿôȻƭ˷ˣΪЩȻ˽𵤾硣
Ϊƭˣ֪ôġֿſţüͷһûȥļ䣬վգƭ
˲Լ˿ԿеӰ
ǳص룬߼䣬Ȼһһ£оЩ֮УָоļΪͻȻǰδйƴڴƵģĿ˿ܣֿ˿գգգۣΪ졣
֣ôͻȻָоָоȻһͬСʱԼҴһ㡭֡üͷѹĵ׵ɻ󣬺оֻһ˲ѡ
˳Ǻʱһα죬Уٴ˵֮˴Լ͵ĿУһһɨڵ뿪ʱͯ
жŮʮ꣬Сİꡣ
˹ӭУͯǽϣ˱Щӣնȥ
죬ľٶüͷš
뵽Ҫʲôûƭȡ˿ֻǴԿɵĺȥӾЩʣ޷κһɿУʲôҶɫƽϸ롣
ϣǽϣɫ̲ϲɫʱĿͯɨ¶΢ɲ˷ܡ
û뵽Ȼʺ֮ˣһβɴ׬һʣ
ͯĿһɨһ̽ͬʱȴҲΣǿţΪˣⲻǵ뷨ҲǸĸԼ˵
պʥһƬɽ棬ڵĽͣվɫϣһӡ
ţȱɹ
ĸ̧ŽӵĴ󺺣ܵñͯӣһæǣĸΪЩͯӣڣд룬Ǳ봫֮Լ޳ɡ
һΣͯһɺڷֱǰɽͣתʧӰ
ڰգľٶɫȥ
ȴڷ磬ɽڼƬ̺һƫƧɽڻûӰɽȲһЩٳĶһڣϥ£ͯڶ档
Ŀһɫ࣬ǰͯ
ͯôһ̼Ϊţɫ԰ףȴ˴ҧͦסûп
ʵ֮ǰǰϷû˵ʵʵһ㣬ֻɶѣϷ֮ѡǣΪ־ᶨ
֮ˣѰ£һżᶨģΪҪ
ӽŵĿ룬Ĭ
ͬĬģһ˿Կڵ֣룬ȴġ
룬ȥƭʿҿԲᣬȥƭЩӡ̫ʧˣĬ
һƭӣȻڡ
⻰һȫ֣Ҳһ
ҾһƭӣƭǵˣǴɫ䣬ǰӣڡ
ˣһʱ֮ЩӦĿ롣
΢΢һЦĿһɨƼڡ
ҿǼʥڵţֻҪԼȣǵʣ޷ͨŵĲԣ޷ЩϿΪӣ˵ʣʣ̫ķչ
ҶԴʥڸŵ˽⣬ǲǣҲ˷ʱ䡣һ㣬ûƭǡ
˵һ١
һĿһĻ˼֪˵û⼸ӵʣѱſС
ǣһǵʣһ㣬ƭЩǽŵʿǵʣΪ㣡
ֻϾǼٵģǽźֲѣٴ̽飬ᱻ֣ʱǲΣգҲ󶼲ᱻţֻǻΪĩѡ
֮ǰ˵ʲҪҪ־Ҫᶨ
쿪ڣǰӡ
أΪźǵʲȡһЩ֮ǵԽãܵĴҲԽãһ֮ҲʵԽѣʣ¶ĿҲһЩ
ҰţһлԵ컯ͿԼˣҴ׬ȡһЩҲǱӦ֮¡
ֻҪͬ⣬ĨȥμǻصߣͬģԼѡʲôʽţ죬ϼѣѰֿѡ
ҽ飬ѡѰɽŵľͿɣϾҲ׼ڣ뱩¶Ĵˣ˵׷ɱ
˵ţ̧һģӴóһЩƤ
ֿһĻ¶ЦϱǸƭӣⱲƺƭһЩ
У֮£ѡ˻ؼңȴһһŮͯĿ¶ᶨ֮ɫŮͯѡѰʣͯǼᶨѡϼѡ
ͯѡĿһۣ⺢õģ־ΪᶨҲʲô˼ңѰգֻԵɺϱжѡ
˵ͷĨȥͯļ󣬴һ˦ͯͳ͵ɽȥӽͻس򣬸֪ʧܡ


1941 Ҽ
ֵĿ£ȡϺɫҩݣɫƣҲһһ
ֱͯüģϺɫҩɢķ㣬ǷͯͷƤӳ
ҩݣϸܵ˵΢ȴΪӣǱգ˵á
ֻҩ̺̫٣ˣҲҪϡ
ǵ֮ԾǴɢ˵ܵȴĿһ
δҩݣʱҲ̫̣֮£ʶܶ࣬Ҳܶйҩĵ򣬵ƾ˼Ҳûҩ֮ͬ
ܸܵҩݣͯ˵ûлǿ岻١ֵĹ۲£˫¶죬ȴͯںҩݺڵʣȻı䣡
ɫҩݣͯγ״ڸʣڲ󣬺ȻһΪϼѵ֮塣
ֵΪȻԿߣǵڶʿѷΨеܣȥʱɼ죬ҩݵ״磬ǺͯȫںϣĴڣԿһ㡣
һĻֺǾ棬ֿŮͯͬˣѰŵʣԶ֮ǰ
컯֮ΪĪ⡭Ŀ¶ɫҩݺǲ
ƭȥһ֣ضɱְ֮ҡͷϣĶ࣬вܣܷ밲ȫ뿪ʥǰ֣Ϳˡ
ҲСģδ̰ǿкͯˣĻһˣ¶Ŀܾͻᱶֿǵһۣ¶Ц
ͯںҩݺɫΪ⣬ǰͯ˫Ź⡣
վӣͯһλڷɳһ·ۣ϶ȥ
֮ǰһƵɽ壬ɽΪվ£ʱ޺
ʥҲжӣ֮ǰȥ˲ţ뿪һƱ󣬼˷֣Ҳͷʥޣȥط뿴ǰɽ壬Ŀһİ
ʥƭ൤ҩ뷨ӦԪӤڣԪӤںұȥѰСżȥӻʮϰȥֱͯǰɽ塣
ʼո󣬿Ϊɽ⻷ƼȦһڣƬ̺һ˷ɳɫڼ˷ܡ
ɳɽ壬û˿ԥ۶ߡɨһۣȻɫһ̧ͷգȴһ㲨ƻصɲʧӰ
ⲨѰʿȴޱȣܼʱת仯
ֱ仯Ϊġ
λãкһڿղɢ֮ɲǣ˫ĿƿޣŶԷܼ֮һƬΰɴڣ߰˸ڶʿİЩ˵ǰһİͯ˫Ŀգһְ飬ܡ
Ƭ̺͵˫ۣ¶һ˿⡣
ҵǽˣڴ˵ʮ⣬ԴȥãסҪԪϷҪѻ꣡˵ţǰһӣһöɳ
ִ򣬾ͿҵǽӣڵӡţŬˡ
˫ĿһʶܵĲɢǰû˿۷е룬ҡͷ̾
ˣЩͷнѵ
ʱ䲻ԼʱУȻǰĵХĵڵʿ֮ǰɳ֮ˡ
˴ʮƾǣܿҵ룬˿̴ٶ
뿴һĻɫʱ䣬ȴûӶݣĸܵĸʿǿΪԼ޷ߡ
һתæܿһЩõӣĵ˲ΧĸʿĶ롣
ļΪţɫȴǲ¶㣬üͷһ壬Ŀˡ
λǰ֪סȥ·Ϊ¡ɫΪ򶨣򶨵ӣǷõˣһ
סĸʿ֮ˣϸĿһۣһ˦һʿ߳ڶΪȥһʿ޷
ƽǷЦԾŽУȴͷת̾Ͳ³ĳһɷ쳣
ߣܣĳһ˱ǣ͵˫ۣڡ
Խ򶨣˱ԽǸо죬ʿһ֮УҲûг֣վһѺ˽ߡ
ССţҲã˿ˣҼ˶ţЦ˿־ӣƽĸĸʿĵʧԶ
ֱЩԶȥӰûǰ΢΢ҡͷ
ץס󣬻ҪӲͦȥ롭˵ˣ˭ɫŹ֣иںǼʿ贫ͻȥ˵ʮһسɴͿɡ
ֹ˴ʱʥޱһɽڣﴦ¥󷨷˵أǴʥһѰš
룬ǱܵɽڵһУ뾡µĲɫȴһƬƽЦ
ǰϥһߣߣܼλ֮ˡ
룬˫¶⡣
ôĵӣƭͷϡ߻ڣһ֮⡣
ƭƭˣһʥ޵ССţҲҽĵҲСˣĿû˿ߡ
üͷһ塣
˿ˣҼ˼̾ͻǰʱĪ˵ССţʥ޵ĶڣҼҲṧЦԴǻȴ̺һɼᶨ飬ɵƾ˼ֿ֮⡣
Ŵ˻ȻЦֻЦУȴǺŨ
Ŷôˣ˭
˫Ӵ£𣡡ɫȻƿڡ
򶨵ӣȻĻһ㶡
ЦǹʹӣƭֻΪ߸š
ƭ֮⾳ҵΪϸҽɣǽʿôһ˦ڡ
ֻ˿ģȴŵĲˣһƭƭĵڶƭԼ˿ͰԼƭԼƭˣ±˲ţ
ϥ⹬һԣ˿ԲĴڣ룬ϿЦͬʱĿҲ׷䡣


1942 ˭
Ŵ˻ĿٴһϸĿ룬һ֮£ЩԾΪֻǽ𵤣ȥʱȴ֣ϣһ˵Ĳɣƴ˺ܾõһ㡣
룬ѻ꣬ҿԸ㣬ѻû֮ʱҼ˾ͻǰȴŵģһ֣֮俪ڣߡ
ǹ٣ҲҪƭȣ߿͸ǰ룬˵ǼΪ飬ǶԷ򶨣Ϊʵ֣ˣ
ƭϷ룬һƭ֮ƭССôˣƭǵƭǵķ
ֻǴһЩɵķˣ͵ȡһЩҩˣЩҩĪΪĳۣɫЦ̧ڴһģ̴ĵҩȫ֣ǰѻͬСɽһ㡣
ˣôʮҩŵģЩҩĳ˵ֻƭ¸Ʒѣ㻹ΪҿЩҩЦУ̧ǰһӣЩҩ֮£ȫĩɢ
ͻȻһĻ߲ɵһ¡
Ī˵ǵҩˣĳҲƭ٣ΪܿϣЦٴ´ʱʮʿʹõķɳǰһ˦䣬Ƭ
Ҹ㣬ЩҽɣͿۣһ̸꣬𣡣ԼðɣǣЦ˦䣬תٲһۣŹȥ
߼䣬û˿亹糣˿̵ԼΪȷԼ˵¡
ֱ߳˹ɫ仯ǰЩҩĩ뷨Ƭһʱ֮䣬Ļʧȥжϡ
飬˵δ
˵ģǼ٣Ǽٵģ򶨣ǺĻȥ˶ĵҩ뷨˵ǵͽ֮ȴȻ֤ƭ̫֮࡭
ƭôãʼûԭ
һ˵棬ҡһ治Ͼ˵ҲԣûƭȡûƭȡطֻƭһЩܵͽ׵ĵҩ˰졣
˿߳ȴŵӽ
һĻҲɵһ£ΪһҪЩͷת۵̫֣࣬Ҳɵһ˿
װġҲ̫ˡֿЦҡͷ
߶վڹ⣬ŵȥ·룬
֪˸ӣϷŲȥαץ˵вޣôȥԴסҲδ̫͵һҧоһҪڡ
ʱ͵תڴһģһöƴСĺɫľƣУǹڵһӡ
󣬸Ϣʱ俼ǣɫƽ俪ڡ
һѽӹɫľƣһ֮£ɫ䣬ľϣд֣
£
Ѱֻһľ飬棬һ˿ľϢϢĸоΪ壬͸һɹ°⣬⡭Ѱʿд£ڣ̺Ǭ֮ǰŽɣ˿ֿľƣȻ߰˷Ρ
տʼóľƣ߱ضɣ֮ǰһóľƣЧȻͬ
һ뻺ڣû˵˲䣬ҧһ˦ľƻ룬һץס߻صһ
ɽţߣ
ʿһ㶣ţʥڣֻײţʿֻһ棬չز
ߣֻ˥ٵΪΪС£ȥģ
ɫ糣У߳ţһԶȥֱɳ˺ܾúܾ֮һƬɽڣ¡
µһ˲䣬ɫ̲԰ףҲ̲סɫ˿־֮⡣
գ̵ģһӢҪʥޣ˰죬һʹ
ϧô൤ҩװ̫ˣԼŶΪԼ˵ģͿЩҩ⡭ȥĵҩҲ̫ˣʹĲˣ뵽Լѣ˿̸ǰûڡ
ӦóһЩˣ⼸װ˷ˡˣͷ죬ǧɢȥɬҪϥƽ
ʱͻȻ󣬴һƽ
ƭڶѾˡ
̫ͻأŵһ£˲䣬ƽɫĮת󣬼һ£һͷ׷꣬Ŀ⣬Լ
ţҪ֪ˣ뻺ڣȴǶǰ֮ˣ˵ĸоٵİԼƭ˺󣬻ź¡
Ҳ֮ˡ΢΢һЦ룬ϥһԣһжһƺߺһڡ
ԺڣҰ㣬Ҽ˼̾ͻᵽ𣡡ɫʶ˺󼸲ЩȻķ֣ԼƭĵڶȻҪĴǰ֮ˣƭˡ
ָоŶû˿ڣһӣδйУһŴϣĶ֡
Ҽ˫Ӵ¹ƭǻϿɣҡƣУóǺɫľƣҪȻȴ̧һץľƶʱ֣С
ͦӦƭڶԼƭһĸԼǹһһдµİɡ
ľϵϢǺŨҵһʬڣʬǰضǸǿߣľƷʬΧܶ꣬ʶմȾ⾪˵ֿ˼ۣ΢Цڡ
ÿ˵һ仰붼ɫ԰һ֣ȫ˵΢ЦʱԺƭڶƭԼľ磬Ȼ̱
飬ƭô꣬νǵһԷһ۾ͿԼȫϸ⻹ص㣬صǶԷȻ֪Լƭ
һ֪ƭĵڶ֪ƭڶƭԼ
˿̿ŶԷ΢Цֻɢ֮УһݼԴſ̹ĵη塣
ָоԽ֣ԽϤԼʲôط
㡭˭ӣ¶޷ݵĿ־塣
Ҫƿӡļ󡭡ɫ¶죬Ŀڶתǰķӡ˿ɶ
ǰķӡд̼Բ򿪣ͿƳĿ¶˼


1943 Ļ
ô֪ҵƭ㡭㵽˭ӲĿ־壬ľصǰһĻǵһںܾúܾ֮ǰҲһ
׿ڸҵġֺһھơ
ⲻܣҼǹҡҡң˵ûм㣬Ҳûƭ㣬㡭Ҹʲôп־ԽԽŨﶼ
ĪǡĪͬˣҲ֪ôģ֡
룬ҽ֣ôַ¾ƺ롣
֡֡Ϥ¶ãƳĳ״̬Уܿ죬ӾͲ¶ʹ֮ɫ
޷ƿӡܣҲܣ֪ˣûпԼƿӡָġְ̾ʹ̧࣬üȻһ㡣
һ֮£Ժͬͬʱ
ǰһƬģԼ⼸ľһδεƭС
ɣ֮ɣ仰ԺǾôԺͽ룬֣Ե
һɣȮ죡仰Ҵ仰ضʥ޴һʣ
˵ز˾ȥʥ޺ˡ
תȻͯӵòȷˣЩ
ףⷲ˺˼Ȼ˲ɣֻҪȥүºð죡
˵ǰǸƭӣȻôƭ˵İϷҶ¾ͻء
⺺üۣضˣʲô֣ʲôӦýﻹʲôӦòӦõģˣһ컯ˣȥݣԣݣɸһԣȥ컯
ɵһνٷе£ˣұסΪˡ
ߺߣСүҽֻ꣬ڸƭĶˣҪȥطչ
ѽСܵܣǲСһںòáļ䣬ʱȥƭڼСıǺ«
һĻĻ£Ժڻص֮ưЩһУһʶԽӾҵĺУֿԼһ
ԼһУɣΪԼǿ׽ƭƾһȴһֵʿǰˡ
˺꣬иˣֱֻת
˺һЩܲ飬˳ζͶΪ˺ѡ
䣬صֱǰģ㶵ŶžƵ֣֮Ᾱ
һУôĲʵһΣ˫ǰڶ磬˫ۺһʹã
ֻãڿֺɢˡ
ˡ¶һƭٶĶҲδģļ
ͬ¶ĵ΢Ц룬ЦеľƵ˹ȥ
Ϊ½ļ棬ȿھơ
֣ӹƺһڣľˮ븹Уһůȫһ
ұΪڶʱҵƭ֮Ѿﵽ˵ڶԲ˲ƭԼԼһСеľƺ૿ڡ
һηεתףԭƭڶЩתǰƭԼһˣת󣬶ȥҡͷ֣˫Ŀڵļһݡ
ΪΰңֺЦ롣
֮ʶҪݣ
ҽתƭʶҪݣ
ҲˣתǰɣתҲˡҡͷ
½̫ΣˣǸΪáգգۣ漴Цæڡ
ֹһЦһۣЦݸΪġ
ˣңڣȻ㰲ִһ˦һ룬ֱȥ
Ҫȥڣ߰ɣָǰΪ׾Ϳȥ
ӣһļУԥһ£ڡ
ĻϣӰȻһ٣ת롣
ʲôط
ʱûлָǰ䣬ڶˮ޼һɽòΪ׶ԳԼӦǽҵʱһƬǺǣ󣬲
ɽźҸָԵҺҸָһ£ȥݡ˵ţΪΡ
Ǽǰˡּһ䡣
ֳĬƬ̣ԺиֳħͷԼĵӣ¶΢Ц
ԸԿڣضԵҹҲҪȥݣûпˡ
֪Һ󣬻ʲô顣ЦݸŨ
һԺٺһЦԼתһӵģһҪں棬ԼҪ仹ûָúõıһµڶ¡
ԵһΪʱԴ˻̧λѹңţɵڴ
˾ͽϲ̫Ϥʶ¼ڣһҪүļһﱻƭ˿ǡ
룬ֻһƬӰŶڶȥ
ڣʥڵһţʮ֮һĪ⣬˺֪ŵϸ
ڶڣڶĻþȥ˿һ·ۣٽ˶ں󣬶ǰĴأǶɽţϤ
ڣѰΪһƬɽ֮أɽȣأȻܣǶٻɽ赲ֵĽŲ
룬̤뵽˶ڣûȥٳأǶþУ߲յĵط
Сɽ£ֶߴˮĻ峺Сӣˮڻвˣһͯӣȡˮ
˳ɽʯףϷȥں󣬶ǰм䣬Ҳʿ߾ȴ˿ûзֶˣͬһռ䡣
ֱ̤ʯ׶֮ʱƣ٣ˮ䣬ĿУǴʯϡ
ˮ䣬ʹʯ嵴ͬʱҲ˴꣬һˮҪ죬ȴɢ˰С
һĻ뵱þڣ񡭡ʹ˵ĸоˣУ
Ļ£վ˫ۣһ


1944 ֻ
ڲͬʱ䣬ڲͬĿռ䣬ʵУ̤ͬһλãһּΪ飬ֲ֪ûоȴףԼھ
վͬǵȸǵһε˷ͬĻ£ܱ˫ۣУ
ͬһҵӣʮĳʱ̣ȻһƬʶϤ˺ܾãҲ벻Ϥ
˫УϤĸо붴һĻĻһΪƾƻһϸߣ˶½
µˮϤˮʯϵͬϤૣ֮˫ۣСɽ㳡ǹ㳡еĶ¯һĻĻһЩʲô
Σȸεָ֪աɫƽ˿վˮڣȾ˿
վɫЩãֲδĬǰ˿̵˵ǻﱻһЩʲô
ΪΪƿΪΪĿΪ棬ĿΪ٣̬һҵ硭һεء
ڣͬһλãһ꣬ʵأվͬһꡭ
УܿҴڡĻˮʹʣһЩӴҴҵĴɽ߹̫ʹôɽĴ󲿷ֵӣûǰ׼
Щˣƿ룬߹Уͬ˲һ
ҵ˫ۣȥ磬һһľҵУΪ˫棬˫Ŀһжá٣ĵı֣ΪǼ٣ΪһһľұĿ󣬶ʧĻʧô
ΪڣΪڣ˫ۿ磬أҲڿҡұĿһޣĿǷޡ̧ͷ˳ǽٵˮա
Ҳ˵ЩҸоһתƭڶνƭԼʵϣԼ˱ǴﵽԲ֤ķʽԼŵͬʱأֻأ£ȫš
˵ƭԼʵϣΪƭֻأƭֻأңڣز֮⣬ֻز֮ƭƭأƭһ껪
ǰתѣȴˡ
˭˶ǧ˭ȡƭ֮Ϊܣȴ֪ƭΨģǧУƭ֮Уǰ׷˼̤ҪƭΪǧ֮һ
ǽˣ
ش汾ԴұޱԴ˵Դһɣ̤޵ҿƭҲһΪƭˣΪƭԼȵ˵˿ɽɽˮˮ󣬷豹棬һģȥƭˣ
ˣֻͳƣʵϣ죬˵أֻأһУƭƭأȥƭֻأȥƭش
ƭɣ
ͬڣҵ豹棬֮ǰ˵ģ˫ۣﲻ֪Ƿɢ˫ۣҲ֪ܷڣȴһૣԺһѺã⻰Уͬޣ˫Ŀ¶֮â
һһֶУһͬʱҪˡ
ҲãҲգΪŸԵĵ֮;¶ܿ˵ĵ;µͬʱҲȥ֤֮
ƭΪȥƭأΪȥ磬ȥҵĵӰ֮䣬ʵϣġֱ˫Ŀ
Уҵı󡭡ĿزڡرĿڣҿۣرĿ࣬س˯һ־磬ҳɣ˫ۡ
Ҿ߹УֻڣѰһٿຣҡ֮ԴеĵΪֻء
ֻأ⾳ֻأֻأǻȪȡ꣬Ǭֻء̧ŲĻ£ǰȥ
֮٣뿪һִУ
ǰã֮ȡУ
֮ˣӡڤ֮ܵߣຣʧУȥУĶߣڣ֪ĸֳڶʱŵһĵ
ˡ
ӣֻ¶½ⶫСɽ֮ϣĻڣ˵ĺ塣
֮ܵߣຣʧ
٣뿪һִ
ҸһˣһΪһΪһ𣬱һԲȦ
ҸͬɣһŴڣѶɡ
Ҹ٣ͬϣÿ˵жһϣΪʱȴ֪磬һΡ
ߵһУһ֡ԼУ޷ѣͬһԲȦ⣬㻷ƣһȦһȦΪ߳ԲȦѹʱȴ֪һԲȦ֮ڡ
ٻ÷⣬˴𰸡
Ұһγһٴڣ˫ۣӳǱɵֻУȡһ㡭ң˫Ŀ¶֮âǰȥ
ˣҲйǶƭĶ֤ɻãڣ޷Լ֮ԴȫȫĿ͸
ںĿǰֵϣ˴֣뷽һЩֲͬͬ˵ʲôط
·֮ǰ֣һ壬ֻǸоѣͬУܲʵ
񣬷·ĴѣһУˡ
ⶫڣ֮ǰȥΪأڵӣӲֻСұΪǴڵŹϰס
ȴ̤֮ʱܵϤڵһУҵľйأҪģ˵йأ
վСɽ㳡ϣһΣԶ֮վɽ紵׷ͷ·ƬڣĶڡ
ȥڼΪӴණڵӣ¼ۣ˸ʿڸԵľڴ
ǿ˷Уɽ
ſţ¶ˡ
յҲ֪һʱǷˡⶫڡȴһڣ
һУһϡѹֶأѹֺڵ̾˫ۺ󣬻
һĻ˿Ķڣ


1945 ڣ
ɽ١Ϊ˹ͺͺ֮ɽ
ˮ峺ɢȳ
Ǵķ磬Ҳ͸Ųɣ뱯Ÿζ
һĸ¥˻ҳͬʱʧȥһƬû䡣
һСɽʯף˺ܶ࣬ʯǷУƴ˰˵֡
Щ֮ǰֿȥ߼۵Ķڵӣ˿ȫڹ㳡ϣڴڣʯϵһ߾ߺǣ֪˶ã͸ãΪõӡ
ǸԾڣϥһڵӣͬˣǺǡ
һڣ
û˿ŨŨơ
ⶫڣȴŨ£һϵĴڣǰɣЩȥĶڵӣʱ֪ԼѾˡ
ǻȥ
Ҳ֮ǰվһڵӴ߹ȴû˿ֵԭ򣬲ֲڣǡڡ
˵ǹ꣬Ҳǡֿȥûйꡣеģֻһɲ֪ϡ£˼ҲѷߣУƻþһĻʵϣߵϣ˵ںϣȥ
˵Ѿ꣬ãֲ֪ףܶﶼûзʵѾһڣͺȥ
ǵһ˵ضߣ
ΪǶڵλãһӴĹڣһ͸űĬĬشš
˹¶뱯ͬһٺʧȥȫ˵ӣǷУĿ˺ܾúĬĬػ
û飬еģֻķһ߾ʬ壬ǹ¶뱯У˵ϣõɽˮõķţõһڵӣԼ
û鱾Դ֮ʱҲ޷ɴ˿̣ˣܵˣ̾Уٴα˫ۡ
Ƿʱ˫Ŀڣⶫڵĸʧˣȡ֮ģһĻĻȻڶӵ
߰ɡڣǰȥ뿴˵صı仯ȴоЩԾ¿˰죬ǰȥ
ǰУֵ⣬ɢ˲ƣЩƣ˿ַſԼ˵ص֮ڵı֡
ڶڴص˲䣬ȴԶХڶǰһһŮʿ
ʿͲΪӢɫû˿¶ߵŮӣ֣¶֮⡣
ǰ֮ǰǰٵ΢Цȭ﹧ɫͬˡ
ŮӣҲǱȭĿɨ
ֿǰڵӣ̾ɫͣ˵ͷ
ڵӵ·£֣ĵĶٵȥںܴһ·ֿڣһĻĻ
ɺ׷裬ҩԺӣǵӵľڣʿڣ߶Դ߱˴Ц̸
紵֮ʱҲ̺Ũͬɾһ
;УֻһЩڵĵӼ۷ɹڿԼ¶ӰԼȭһݡ
֮ˣºͣΪǴڵϱһ㡣
ҪٽĶٵʱž֮ƣХ˲ϢǰˬʵЦ
棬С̣°ɡЦУ¶ʿ˵֮ˣһߣԻһӣЦֱȭһݡ
ˣȻȫǽΪΪˬʵЦУֱȭ
꣬Ϊڴϣ֮ӭǰȥٵ
εǰ΢Цɫǿ
ˣ¶ʲôĹ¶һˣ顭
߰ɡ̾Ŷ˿ڡ
ʿ£㹻أⶫλãڵʥأٵ
棬ҵûټڣǰнȥˬЦߣֱȭڡ
ֵͷǶٵ֮ţʵϣ֮ǰ˴˵Ϻ󣬶٣ڷУɢ
ûбҪһЩе֮Ӱ̸
ûôܸܵǱ¶ⶫأģУֵء
룬ҡڣǰĶٵһȥ
빧ǺʶĿ˿ܣܸо˵Щ죬ȴ˵ʲôط⡣
Ƕٵֱҽȫ̤˵һɲǣһɣ͸Ź¶뱯ڻص
ˡ
Ǵڣֵǰ޴ĵ񣬵̣һŮ̧ͷŶǴ΢ЦһɰϢɢ
ǵ£ϥһŻɫ۵ߣϳ˺ְߣͬеĺߡɫ࣬͸޾İˡ
ϣǱ⣬һڵǿϢϢԽּһ
ˡ̾ߵǰϥ£̧䣬ȡһˮ
ҪôְѾƺݸߡ
߳ĬƬ̣ӹƺһڡ
ϣܵϤϢӦòǵһ̧ͷ֡
óڶƺߺһڡ
ɡ˺ܾúܾã߿Զ֮ţ˵
ĶڣڱȽϣһôʵ
һߣܸܵԷı
лл߱˫ۣˮӳΪӦ֪Ϊȴһ䡰һ
˺ܾúܾãΨһһڿһкϤ֮еˡҵļҡ뿪ֱΪԾ󣬻صѾˡ˫ۣ̺ʹŨİˡ
ֳĬ
Ҳ֪˭ġҲ鲻ǴҲֻܲҵĻ䣬һξξԼöڣȥֱȥһ졭ɳơ
ֿߣû˵
ʲôУһˣʲôıˣƭԼʲôĹ¶һˣ顣
ʼûѡƽҲ޷˫ۡȸǻȥˡҲһһˣڲãǿڣֻԼϣĬĬԼһϵ磬棬ҵĸĸңƽϤס
һ죬һҲô
֮ˣӡڤ֮ܵߣຣʧУߺȻڣ˵һһĻ
仰ҶѪ֣дһʯϡ


1946 ӵϢ
꣬ʼоһ仰Ҫ֪Ҷ֮ˣ˭״ʲô˼
ҶһŹɭϣе̸˽𡣼ң·Ҳǽ࣬һ޵
ڣҵļҡҲǱšȥѰһر仯ȴ㲻Ҷڵ
𣬻ǻʳǹʦҶһһݷãɣΨǹʦУһѪɫ¶־塭ǿ־ֻɲɢȡ֮ģã
ã죬ǰ죬ѹȴ֮ǰΪܳĽһεĨȥ⼸ļ䡭ૣ̲˱˫Ŀڣ¶ɿ̹һĺ
ʯо͸ּȴӡУҵǸˣΨһ˫ۡ
뿴ʯôãɳƵĿڡ
ɫƽ˵ͷ
ǱĿƿԲ̧͵һӣȴһӼ䣬һɸϢڣƾµıǨȻȹ꣬ӻԻɲࡣ
ҳǼӸѷ죬ҲȻı䣬Ϊ˲Ʋ
µĵ棬һѷ֣˷ļ󣬲ˣΧɸķ磬Ϊģܣںɨ
⣬㳡һ¥ɲǲɣɽ٣Ϊɽˮɿݣ㻹һЩҲɢ
һڵĵӣʿҲȫʧڣڣ˲Ϣ䣬һƬء
Ψһ߾ĺǣϣǾڣ
ڴ⣬ؿһУ˫ͫ֪ԼΪʲôĸоԣ͵һߺǣǿն˫ĿҲŲ졭
һ޴ʯⶫڱ֮ɨⶫٵĹ㳡ϣʲ°ɣƾճ֣
ʯϣһѪ֣
֮ˣӡڤ֮ܵߣຣʧУ
Ѫֲʺ죬ѸɿݣΪ˰ɫһ˵ĿֲϢʯɢڵͬʱɫ䣬һƬİһֻ֣һ˲䣬ڸ˫ۡ
һ̣òۣ
ʯĶʯ
תʯڿʯһɲǣԺڣ˺
ʯڶ߲ʽ磬
Ϊ߲ʽʯŪһ룬ȫͬˣ
һģʯϵּּϤԽԽϤʲôطдһ㣡
ּģ£ּϵϢȴǾģ£ϤģּּϵϢ
졭ӡϢǣϢڶ磬һΪɵһˣ
ˣһ֣ˣѾֻ𣬵ֵ㻳ɣӣû
ּϢ߲ʽʯһ֮ͬд˿ʯĳ֣ȴֱԶģˡ
硭½ڡطȫϵߣΨ߲𣡣ֻ߲꣬Ѿһ𡭡յǻþлⶫڡ
ΪΡΪ仰ʯΪʯڶҲУ浽ô¡ʯ¶ã
˭˻ȥڣôһʯ
ּϢӣô½ΪҪȥڣ
߲ұΪѾȥô
磬ô򵥣ڣ׻̲һʲôܣ
ҵ귢ֵЩΪȫǲǣֵģֻһصıԵվɽϣΪȫ磬ȴ֪ɽϣһ˫۾ҵȫ磡˲Ϣ䣬ͨ䡣
ּͬϢҡɳƱ˵󴫳
һңܸ𣬴ӴǣңΪṩߣϷɳūֱ߻ڣ͸һɾļᶨ
߻У̧һλӹһɨָ֮ǰӣɽ࣬ˮȻﻨ㣬һڣһ˵ӣһһû֪ѾⶫڣǰȻУֵߡ
Ĺ㳡ʯʧһǲ֮ǰʯĵطȻЩë֮С
⡭⵽ʲôطĿһ£˿ܣĿһЩڵĵɨֿ־ĸоԽӵǿ
һġڣɫ¶˿ľκˣƽĿڡ
֣֮󣬵ͷ˫Ŀڵı¶ǵͷϵİˣҲŨĻ㡣
ڣ·ͼɳƵ˵
趫ٳһãѹĵ֮ǰĺȻЩ飬оͬʱҲľ
ٳء߳ĬƬ̣ͷ
ٳˮǳˮӣӡڴʥµ֮ЩǷӡ飬ޣһʿ
˵УӡĻɢûʧںϣٳأǺһ֮ء
ٳأʿһֻܽΣһΣͻ̱жҶӵжٳأ֪֪࣬ߣ֮󣬸㹻Ĵۣᱻ붫ٳء
紫ԣҲдԣ˳ؿ۳ԴٵġˣҶͳΪһڣҲػסⶫٳأᱻߡ
ҲĹעֻڵ궫ڵһ涫ٴķϣټϴ˳زƿЧµţԽԽҲˡ
ٴ𣿡˫ĿһһΣ֡
𣬲㣬Ҳ䡭Ҷڵһ棬ҲǴֻˡʬ壬Ҳ֪ںδܶ˶ʬ壬ǺֵļҲңҵõ
дԣҵʬ壬пܣȥ̫񾳵Ŀ飬ҲԳΪ𡭡ֻǴŶѡƽڡ
û뵽ⶫھȻĵ̣û뵽Ȼֹһ
ٳЧѾΪԣãýߣﵽһ״̬״̬£һĻᣬԸʿ߱ıԴ
ʧܣֻñԴŨһЩˡ


1947 
еĶ٣峿ĳ£ɫʣɽŵͬʱʹöٵ⣬µĵӰڲϵС
ڵˣ峿УĬĬ֮һ
٣ͬʱǷĺͯݣؼ䣬ɢĿĹâͬʱȴôĴһͿһ
ԽЩʱԽá
黯Ķںɽﻨ峿СȸԾ˻صУһ޽ļΪļ̳
̳ͬ״ԼǧɴСҲаɣʯ̳ɣ£һƬֲɫ
Ǽ̳֮ϣǰɴСƽ̨мλãһˮأˮиɿݣһǳǳĳˮǷ紵ʱ
ˮϣƯһЩֲ
վˮ⣬ˮأ¶ãתɨȥϸ˫ۣȴǿͫڣ־塣
طӣ˵ӽŵ£Ͳһߺǡˮ峺û׼ʵ涼ˣŴʬ塭Խ󣬾Խô˵ؿֲ
Ǻʬ壬Ǻһδ֪
ֶδ֪־еûע⵽˿еãԽԽֿ̳ϵˮأĬ˺ܾãܾá
Ϊʲôֱ˫ۣԺڸֳ֮ǰڶĻþУĶڣǸٳأ
˵ضٳأ߲ļþڣΪΡȫһ
߲ʼеĶٳأҲλãȴûм̳һƬܴĳӣ˵أȴˡףһ棬һǼ١͵˫ۣĿ¶֮âƿһϵĿɨܡ
Ŀ֮أ֮ǰȻ䣬ĿɨǼ̳̳ϳ˸࣬ѣдĸɿݵѪ㡣
Ŀ£ﱻһƬƣֱĿ⿴ǳˮɫлͣˮû䡣
˳ˮ⣬֮ȫı䡣
ӦǶڣĶٳءż̳ڵ£ȻܾãˣΪ߲ڵĶٳأһ
˵ʼû䣬ôģ߲𣡡ֳĬ
½ϣǻþеһ̤ⶫڣؼ䣬ƾնһʹֶԼڶΪ˽⣬˳ɡ
ڣȫôӵϢڵʯ߲ļ䡭棬һʲôأ
ⶫڣѰ֮أڳֹٴ䣬ʬ嶼ѰҲ
˭˶šӣ߲һ붴мĹȴʼպԵˡ֣Ĭ
Ŷٳأ̧֮Ųȥǳˮ⣬ͷų棬еӰӳʹǶٳڣԼ
ԼһɲǣŰ׷µԼͻȻһԺںģ뵽һЩʲô
һ飬֣Щ²⡭йҵӣΪ߲ڵһʦսʱȡߣûбע⡭
Ϊڶ磬εˣ߲ʣܿ桭½ϣȴֱڣҲ˿
ΪξʦޣȥҲûпˣû˵
ˣôһҲΪҲû˵ᡭһ㣬Ҹţûп
浽ʲộ˭ģãʲôΪζ֮ˣܿӵߣ½ϣȴûС
ҼǵЫʱЫ˵һ䣬顭顭ǲ˵к飿浽̺ʲô
£붫ڻ֮£ϵһ𣬻Ҿͻףڣ̲ʲôľأɫ仯ܡ
ʵϣһһԿⶫڵ꣬׷˺£˭𡭡ֻܲǻʳǹʦҪãʧȥμ䣬ҡô
ֳһ£ܿĿ¶ϣ²ֻǶ֮£мĹϾԶ磬ӵ档
ֱΪԼƿȴû뵽һǶѣɱסۣҪģȥڸԼ˫۵֣֮¶һǬķ϶
ϥ£ǳˮԣȥⶫٳأǿԶٵڣ˫ĿƣʧϢһ״̬С
Աߣ͵תĸӦڣƾʧ˿̻ͷۿȥ˵ԿȴֵĴڣƸ֮УƬų⣬ˮһ
֮˵ڡ֮֮ͬ꣬񷣬֮Σһ±Ǩֵε֮ͨںϣԲһּΪĪڶһصȥһ귢£
ͨ˻᲻ֲ֪ˣΨԼʩչգһŵĹ귫֮
ֳεһ˲䣬Ϣ̧һ֮䣬ǹ귫̳֣ܣϵת
һǧꡭ
ֵתǧꡢǧꡢǧꡭֱԼ֪ȥ˶ãڣǶڡ
ɽɣˮԳڵĵӣһͬ峿֮ʹڣһʳϼڡ
һƬƽһƬڣλô󽲵ӣ
Զһ裬ڸСɽ֮䣬Ǵɺ趯ϣбȦСޣ˻һŮӣЦһҩιʳСޡ
ԶڵҩԺڣ˵ӣʦķԸչЩҩ
ɽʯУжڵӣ£˴˼ʦ֣̹ɽ£ŵӣЦ̸ˮͰȥˮɡ
Ķڣ⳯£һƵĸоһɢùâݡ
һ̣ȻĻûκ˵ע⣬ʱɽµˮͰļӣȴһ𣬵˵ϡ
̨У໥ˣһĲҽУѪģΪ˲кϣҩԺӣС޵Ůӣǽȫһ˲䣬Ĳ
ڣͬݣ˿̣ȴһֻ֣ݣʹݣ顭ͬʱڵһȫ
ⶫ֮½ͬʱУ£һģӰӰ⣬һƬʹ˿塭
ͬΣ̧ͷҪȥӰòֻһƬģûȿ˲䣬ȴԺͻȻ˾ʹʹһδУ


1948 ٳ
͵˫ۣĿһƬѪ˿ˮ͸ɫ԰ףʧȥһЩһּΪĸоȫ
ӣǰ¶뽹
ұĿ˶ãִŴƴ˿̺谭·Ϊ˷һ㣬ò̧֣Լް
㡭ոձ˫ۣ˲һһͷȥһ˲䣬͡ˡԥһ£ʵ˵
һ˲䣿һ㶣ε֪Լÿһζһʱ䣬ֻһ˲һۣĬ
ԺиֳεģӰԷ塭ֻǵãƳôһˡϸһ룬ȴģԼǴһ
ָоǱ۸˼һ㣬һ
εʵô˭뵽֮ǰ־ʹѺ֮У飬δһ˲䣬ҪĴִ֮޷ȥ
ãɫָһ۶ڣ¶⡣
һ죬һ֪浽̲ʲôأ
Ŀһֱ̤뵽ǶٳУǳˮڣϥ£ˮû͸䣬ڡ
ˮУȥڶڵܣǾתȫΪĬĬˮΪһ塣
ָоҲˮڣںϵ˲䣬ˣȻһ״̬С
״̬ҹͨʱ뵽ַΧֻ˿̽ǳˮ̺֮ǿ˲̤ѡ
״̬£˳ãУƹȥ˺ܾãַֻһ˲
˫ۣĿЩãƬָ̺ͷһµĳˮȻ˽ɡ
һαĿѣϢʱ䡣ûַʣһ̿ڡ
ֵ˵ͷ
ʧôֻ״̬Ϣȴһ񡭡üͷܵڵ౾Դһ˿ࡣ
Ƕ˵ⶫٳʥ޷ӡʿ֮йأһĻᣬʿıԴ
ıԴʲôûпһΣʧˡǶ˵ˮڸֻλᣬΣضжΪλ飬ܰһŪ˵Զ򼸴ΡֳƬ̣ǳˮڣٴα˫ۡ
˫Ŀպϵɲǣֽ뵽״̬УһΣ״̬µ֣ɻãǰһƬģǣҲ˲
ȴǿܵһ紫ԼڣֻǿԸܶѣҪȥץסȴû˿ĺۼ
֪ȥ˶ããе֣Ȼڣƿһƹ⣬΢ϸȥѿ壬ƹĳ֣ʱȫ񣬵˹⣬ΨۿԿĿڣһƬģ˿
ֹı仯һ𣬵ɻĿڿĹ⣬ȥ
ֻǹƾԶԶûһУȻ״̬£ѹ
˫۵˲䣬ߴ
ӣһϢ
ԶգĬ˺ܾãԺʼմǷĿĹ⡣
ۿԿȴⶫٳأУѶȡֿ˿ˮڣֻʣ˲ɵˮ档
ˮ֪󣬻᲻ٳ֡ѾΣʧܣΣ֪ʲôաֳУ̧һӣǽХգС˲١
һ̶ݺݵĶ룬ɫΪ߰
һ㶣Ǻȴһת֮£¶΢Ц֪ʲôͷ
û̫࣬ǺǼʶԼĿһٴα˫ۣΣ״̬С
һΣָһ״̬ǳˮ̲֮ڵ˲䣬ͻȻų֮һ𣬻һ˻
Ϊʵ̺һɷ벻ʣ
ƾ㱰ɣڼٻƻ˱׺ȫȻһ£Ҫһ㡣
ĸ£޷״̬У޷и
ʱͻȻһɴ紫һ޴צһץס֣ӼŲǶٳء
뿪˳ˮڵȻʧ˫ۣǳˮɫ
Ȼ޷еθǰ׼Ƕָ֪ͻȻ֮£㲻Ӱ̫ҲһЩſ뿪üͷǳˮԣڲĳˮĿ¶˼
ΪεһΡڶζˣΨǸǳˮڽڵ֮ۺ֮תһȦĪصߵһȦƼҽ˵ؼΣ
ôͨʲôжҾĴƾĪǵ棬֮Ŀ˸ǳˮϣУ뿪Ƕٳأڳˮðָ֮ǰˮλƷŵʧȫָˡ
룬ȥԡģԻ뼴ǵҲᰲȫ䣬Լ֮ǰΣ룬ע⡣
ûԥһȥϥڳˮڡ
Ϣ˫ĿãȻ
ҿһƹ⡭Уٴα˫ۣһΣϢʱ䣬˫۵ɲǣĿڣһĹһܿʧˡ
ǹܽܽȴûƬ̣ٴα˫ֵۣҪȥеθ
ֽض룬ʱţһϢϢϢֱʮϢӾҵĲֲ˼̧˲佫Ųˮء
У˫ۣĿâɣ֣һۺƿ̫һ㡣
Ҵƹ⣬һصڸ֣Ϊ̫Դһ֮ʼΪһ㣬ͳܲסǶٳء
ӣҾã֮Կڵθܵǹ⣬Ϊҵƭ˲ƭԼԼҵһνַƭˮ̽飬תѺƭҲ԰ʩչҪҪһ£򣬿֡
ֳ꣬ҡҡͷƭҲ˽⣬εܣ֪˷ĵĸ򣬲
һֵĴγǳˮڣƵķˮڵ֮˲䣬ƭ飬ٴγ״̬С
ܿ죬Ŀڣƹ⡭âԽԽ
ĳ߲֮䣬仯̫Դֵڣֳһͳૡ


1949 ̫Ĭ
ͬʱĿƹ⣬ԽԽȫĿĹâС
һֶ̫Դĸֱâڣڸֳ
ⲻǴУǰ̫Դչǰܿ٣׶٣ⶫٳ޹أص㣬ȫˡ
еˣһξͿԿƹ⣬и򣬶̫Դģ뿪˶ٳغȻ̫Դѿ
еˣ֮ǰһһֻǱԴһ˿ѡ
ҲˣǽεĻУͻ˴̫ԴĸѺ󣬴ߵĲѿ¶
ǷĴȫ̫Դһ㣬ֲ֪˿̵״̬£״̬УһУĿһƬģĿȴ̫ıԴı仯
ʱţȻǹɶٳصǿʹʱڣдĿĹâ˸һϢʧ
һЩ˫Ŀ¶⣬ΣǶٳбĿ
һεĳУƭ֮ܿǳˮϢļ飬˲Ϣ䣬ĿͿƾǰ޾â
̫Դڵܾ֮ǰûɣݣͼϵĤݣ̫Ĺȡ
ǣ̫֮ǹĤĵһǳ̧ͷĵһչ֡
̫֮ת䣬µıǨһЩ֮˵ĳ֣صתУ̫
̫ʹ䣬ĳ۲֮£䣬ʵĶ£Ķʴضʲ񷶯ǲҲ
ٴθȥһδεĹۿγĳ䣬̫Դĳʼ
̫ԴΪһйȵĿˡֳڣĸܵĿĹâԼȫ֣ʹԼǹâڣεĳǨ
εĳУָܵһɺȻϢǳϢһɸصĴڣ
õĳֳ֮еˣԸ񣬱ضͬ˵أҲ֮
ãִӵγ£˫ۣĿɲǣĹâʮϢ󣬲Żɢ
һԣڿĿâɲǣһȥǽͬĿУܿ
ֵĿͫڣǹâ£һ̫γɣǹâɢȥ޷Ρ
̫֮Ҳİҵڶ磬Դ˲ҹ̫֮ͨͨչ֡˺ҸԽ̫࣬򣬸½ϣʹҹ֮
ȴû뵽̫ҲԲԴνԴʵϾǶһ˽Ѿ˼Ϊµĳ̶ȣ͸һб仯ּ̧䣬ʩչૣΣǶٳڡ
ʱţǶٳУһδεĳ״̬µʱ䣬ҲŸĴ࣬ӳ˲١
ֱڶ죬ǰһƬڰУǶٳڣ˫Ŀ˫۵ɲǣĿڣȻɢ֮⣬ͫУǳһ̫
˿̵գһƬڣǳûг֣ٹԼһ󣬲ŻԶؼ𣬵˫ĿĿڵ֮ȡǳǰ˰ʱɢصĺڰ
̫ԴͿƿس֮ɻתҹ죡ҵĲҹ֮֮ǰôʩչҲһͨѣҶ̫ԴȴǿԴתʵȡǻûгֵĳƿ̫򣡡УĿڵĹâԽŨȫ֮ԶԶһͬһ̫һ㡣
ǽ˿͵ˣҿģȫĹâ֮Ӱڣˣ׵Ļ˳ӶٳƮȥ
ĹУյĺĻɢϵغˣƱƿһǴصڣĳ£ڻһ㣬ƬƬıɢ¶µĴء
ɨ˶ٵǱҹֵĴڹâеһ˲䣬ڵǶ棬ϥĿ£˫ۣŴĹĬ
ңҲֲ壬ɢ˺ҹĳͨ仯ˡ
գؼߴһɲǣأȫеĺڰɢ
һ̣Լһʱ䣬ţӦõĳԶһϺȻ̫
תؼĳ˫Ŀ¶֮âǳԽԽߣո߹ڣ˫ۡ
̫ԴôˡĹâ˫Ŀպϣȫɢվգһվһ졣
ֱϦ£ҹɣٴα˺ڰ֮ʱֵ壬³ϥǳˮڡ
̫ԴճôضһıԴƿ䡭ĿһǶٳڡ
һεڶٳеĸĿһƬĿȴʼģһС
ĿĹôĿģضĺҹܿ죬־ѹûзһδεĳԡ
ֱյĺɫҹưĬƵģž֮ʱһǶٳУĿ
ۣģһƬڡڣĿĹΪĶԱȡ
ֶԱ£ֺ񱻷ֳݣһݴ֮⣬һݴصĺڰ
ĳڹ֮ߣһҹ̫֮ΪĬ𡭡ĬԴһкڰ
ǵͳһڻصþòɢ
ʱţⶫڵĶٳأȻ£Уڳ֮ʱΪɢڰϦ֮ʱĬĬۿҹɹһĻ
µʱ䣬ٴεĹۿټһδζٳĸʹֶĬԴ̵˽⡣
ֻ̫֮˵ĬԴҪȫãԶԶУ̫֮˽ʹãֳ̫ԴԽԽ̡
ĬԴڸС
ûż뿪Ծ;סչۿҹı仯ʱǶٳУи
һΣǰꡣ
УûµĿˣǶ棬Ҳû˴ţʹ֣ƽĶȹ˰¡
ڣǽ֪ʲôķȻദΪǢҹϵƼΪҪãϣڻ
ֹ֮ꡭ


1950 ٣
ʿ˵ʮ꣬һζʮУ̫ԴȻȫĸģʹⱾԴһ
ĬԴʮǧεĹۿҹɹУټڶٳڵĸ򣬽˵ûȫգȴס
ʮڣεĶٳظǵͳҲûгֹ
ϥǶٳļ̳ƽ̨ϣ£ƽʮУΪɣͷȴճĹ۲У֪ΪΣĳ
ã˫ۣĿһֳĿڣһƬıʹֳ˹졣
̫Դɱ¾ںϣΪڣĵԴĬ𡭡ʼջûȫ͸ֻСɶѣҲںϣں֮ʹҵΪڵԴۣͻơɫƽ֮ⶫڣΪѰһԼΪͻƵ
һ֣Ϊͻƣٴ֮أӶȥʳǰ׼
ϥУص֮Ӱ֣ȴһƬε߼䣬һζϥֱĶ档
һĮȫ粻ϣžУžž죬һɻĸоֿʱɵøĵס
ڣڵɱ¾γݵĻҺİֿһŰ¡
ĬƬ̧̣һӡ
̺ɱ¾г˻ô㴩֮ʱĺ£ڰһҲɸõȥĬԴ
ּ䣬İºƺڰɹһ㣬׵ı˺ɫ
˺ɫɲǣǹɻĸоƸŨһЩ
ĬĬĿԼĿͫеĳû˿âɢУ͸Ư֮䣬ͣƬֱ̺ȥɲǼ䣬ڡ
һһƬƬĿĹâɢںУĻų⡣
ֹ۲Ƭ̣ûȥᣬĿ˲ϢһƬīһӳֵ֣ϣһֻ̫̫ͬһɫ֮
ּ䣬ɫֱٴںϣ
ɫںϵɲǣֱʶɢһǿѹϣȥǿڵбԴ־ںϣ
Ǻɫ̺ıԴ࣬ˣټ䱾ƣʶһڣ̱ɱ¾գΪһɱ¾ٴγ˱仯
ɱ¾ǻأһй˺ѣ޵ĴڣںĬԴһɻصϢȻɢϢ£ֵ־ҲѹƲסĸо
ɱ¾һ磬˺ʹúҹ֣ǻһ޷棬⣬дڣ̺ȫ
ֻƱԴڵĴڣڣͬӡһɢһֲĺƽ٣
֮ǰǿƽ⣬ǽƱԴס壬˿̣ȴĬԴڵ룬ʹⱾѷƽ⣬ֱӱ
һ֮ǰԤϣƱԴ޷ɱ¾𣬱ɲǣ˹̫ԴƱԴںϣγµķӡɱ¾ٴƽ⡣
ⲻϵطӡԿ£ֵͬһʱȼյĻ磬飬ͬƻ
ҪôƿأҪô
ӡڰΪϣһ˲ٴǿﵽƽ⣬ֻǽ̫Դںϣƻ޷ɱ¾ĬԿΣûɢȴˡ
߱Դɱ¾бһ̣Ȼע⣬нȻͬ
ڣĵⱾԴں϶ԿǿγһɲǣȻ˫ۣȻĿΪ⣬ĿΪһ߽֣͸һ㣬ֱصϥµһɲǣڡ
һ˲䣬ΪϢȻӿսٳϣΪУɫ䣬ƵڵϿգʱڰʱٵĽ仯£ֱڴƵغһͷ׷Ʈп紵УΪȻӿսٳͻƣΪ˿սڴ𣡣
Ȼվصı仯һ˲ɢָ糣ֹܷﲻһƬž
վ֮һΣԶԽӾηĽʱʹУ̤ͷ
˿ĭֵĿ⣬ͬžη־ηڶ½ϣҲû˿ı䣬æǽıϣվ
Ϊʮڣѣڼֺǽ£Ȼָ˴롣
գͷ·ĶڣǶٳأĬƬ̺󣬱ȭŶٳһݣ
ǰ֮ĳġֵĿ⣬Ƕٵϡ䣬Ǵڣ¶ߡ
̾һֵ£޴һΣһ磬ֱԶȥ
ֵڱɽûĶڣһ̾Ϣ̺Ĺ¶뱯ˣһִš
¶ܻμ֮顣
䱯ڣŻ䣬ĬĬػ
ִţǧ꣬ڱĺƻѪһһʣġʯϵĻ
ȥˡ
ȴû뿪ʥޣڴ޵һ߷ϣϥ£Խػ󷨽̵棬ӭԶصĳ˫ۡ
ҪȥҴ˵Ĳ㣬һΣһᴳ㡭ֱĿƽΪĲº󣬽ϤӦʱ̧ǰһӣͨȻ֮䡣
սٳʱΪƣʮͨ壬ҿսڣڶ١ټ뱾Դĵӡ˫Ŀһ˿ڴ
ֱ˫ĿʶȻ飬һ֮壬ֱȥ
һΣҪһˣһΣҪ½е𣬶עӡһΣҪλԾ֮һ
һΣҪΪ½ϣʮλԾ𣡣һΣҪţ֮
ʶֱĻȥͬһ˿ֻⲻϵ£Ժһǰʱ˵
ƯԶݸߵһǵһ⣬˿ϥ
ͬģЩҲǹϵ⴫ڣһ缲۶ģ֣
׷𣡡
ҼǵõǰĲ㣬ʱ伫̣ʱΪȥ㣬ȴ뿪
ӦԾʶ֪ѶˣһΣһЩմǵ㣬Բİɡ
ǵһ⣬һӣԸƧ֮ˣ֮ʱǵһߡ
֣֣괩˵߲㣬ȴڵڰ˲ֹ


1951 һˣ1
֮أ³棬ʼմڣΨʿɢʶֱſ̤˵ء
йش˵عܵԭ˿ĥ͸ֻ֪˵ǵ棬ģ̫֮أΪ˿ǰӦԱĳִʿ
ʿÿ˶Ҫε֮أȥһ㹬Դ֤Ϊء
ǵλ𣬼Ϊصĵط£оųɣǴһײ
һʿĿУХ˲ٽһ⣬ɢӰ˵ϡ
̤һ㹬صһɲǣʿһĿ֮
ɫ糣ĿһɨЩʿһЩʶģȴǴδϾЩ֮ȥҲ
ʶߣֺЦȭ΢ЦӦΪʿ˴˼޳϶ԸƧߣϲ໥ύ
ʮ˵伣ĲСΧ䶯ҲһЩԸ֮ύ
ֻĲϾһЩǲʶҲвˣɫ䵭
ǰ˵׷̤һ״ξʧܣһĲ㣬Ѱ֮
Ĳ㣿ĲΣҵ֮ˣһĲ㣿ֻǴ֮ǰʧܺĲ㣬ʶͷˡ
Ҳǣ׷Ԥƣ˷Ҳǵѡ
ʿһ֣нߣ̸֮УͬߣҲӣܣԲͬΪĲΣȴǾɫϱ¶˿ߡ
ԶĬĿϣƬ̺󣬱˫ۣȥ
κһʿҲΪֿԼһ߲㣬߲ߣ⣬Ҳޡ
û̾ʹվڵһ⣬̧ͷϷһԽԽߣھŲڣһƬģ
ЩȻ˽⣬ʮŲ㣬ϣܴھŲߣʮˣЩˣһε۷壬һܴʮ㣬ɳΪԾ
Уÿһĺ䶯Ͼܼ֤һλԾĳ֣ܿ˵ҲǼΪѵõ顣
пע⣬Ŀá
ֻԾ½ֻʮˣܶδֹʮλɼʮļѡ
ΨԾʿſڴʮȥʮһϣ̤յĵʮŲ㣬ŽмĿܣδΪܴʮŲԾʿӵôҲԸ׳ֵս
ֻԾҲûܴʮŲߣһˣԾеڤڵʮֹ޷
û˿ԳԽڤϣڤΪпܳΪ֮ˣ˵
㲻𣬿ȴǴ£Ŀ֮Ǳɻʰ˼Ϊأķ˼ĴۣŽ£ҲδôѰԾͬȶԴǸΪмӡ
˴ȥʳǣλպյڤ𣬴˱ΪԾеһˣضĿ΢ɲһ
˷Ҫһˣȿûдϻǰƾܴ֮ڼ㣡ɫƽ˫ۣƬ̺͵ĿھһΣһֱӴһ㹬Ͽռٶȥ
Ӱɳ֮ʱвȥģǸջĿ⣬Ŀû̫ᡣ
ҲͬĿûȥ
֮أ֮ǰͨٴδʱֱԾܵÿһ㹬ɢѹֹ
ӼգԽǰĲ㣬ֱӳеĵ㹬⣬û˿ɣһڡ
˲䣬ǰһƬģǰĲĸоٴθֳƬ̺󣬵֮ʱȻǴһ޵ǿա
ĵĲ㣬ʮ۶ڸнɫǳǽɫǳÿһڶӵвڵں֪֮㣬ɫǳмţ޵ǿգĿһǰ
ȴǰǿգͻȻʮǣıתĹ켣˷ĺХ֮١
ٵĹУǣȻĿĽ⣬˲Ϣ䣬׵Ļ˽ɫǳɫǳ͸Ʋѹǣֱ֡
ôվУɫ糣ǺХ˲䣬Ȼ̧̧ɲǣսΪȻ
һʮһʮʮ͵һȭ֮صУʮͨһȭ֮ڣ˿̣ΪϢɻǿսٳڣ
ս֮һûȫͷһΣ۳ٵͨһȭ֮Сһͷ׷趯пɨΪϢȻȫӿսٳڣֱӴﵽ˿̵۷壬սڣ
ʮĵȭڣȻһͨ룬ţ ʮʮʮߵͨû˿ͣ٣ΪսʱȻ۶
ת֮£Ƕʮһ
ҵԤƣսΪÿһ磬Զھŵͨ塭ҿսٳڵļǾŵͨﵽںӵʮ˵ΪľԴ֮ǰ֣Ϊоǿж۳ĵһǶʮĿ˸ʮǺХԽٽ
ڶʮ˫ĿһȭڣȻ˺죬ڶʮֱͨ۶
һɾ֮ȭͷɢһȭԺ俪һƬޡ
Ӧûԡڶʮһͺ𣬲û̶ٵչֱԾϷȥұۣһ˲ӴұתȡѪҺѪڼȭͷڣһ
Уͷ趯˫ĿȭͷڣȻ䣬ڶʮͨ۳
ʮͨΪļˣһڶٳڶθʹ౾ԴҲһ˿¡
ֵͷ£ʮǣ·ХŽɫǳɢǿѹٽУȻɡ
㣬һͿɣת۳صȻûڻû˲䣬ŵȭ·ǣһȭȥ
ʮͨһȭټϷĵӣ൱ʮֱͨʮǣ
ǾҵĺУޱ޾Ŀ𣬴͸ǿգƿޣǴ֮صĵڣٵɢ·һ̧ͷ


1952 һˣ2
ǽ֮أȾ˽ɫǵϵһɫƽûжԴ˿⡣
вˣû̧ͷȥǳڴ֮У˫۶ûⴳĽ⣬Щ˵᲻˿Ȥ
Զͬû˫ۣĵУζȹǵڰ˲㣬ΪӦȹǵڰ˲㣬ȴֹ
׷㣬ֱֽ⣬ʱҲԳһЩԶԶ紫괳ǰĲʱٶȡˣڣǷһЩۡ
ʱ˵Ǻܿ죬Ѱ࣬Ļûʲôֵעˡ
֪統һѡȥȥһµ㡭㣬Ӧ޷ȹ
Щ̧ͷȥһԳһЩʧϾ֣֮Ϊ˵ԿִǰĲٶȣ
ˣȹһ㣬ҲԾˣȴ޷̫ע⡣
еĵ㹬ڣӰһɫƽûȥ·̧ͷǵ㣬Ŀһû˿ԥֱȥ
ٶ·Щ𿴵һ
Ȼȥ㣬Ҿֹ޷ȹǵ㶼ΪѣʱһҪһЩ޷ȹ㣬Ҳضʧܣ
׷ûȥ
㣬Щ˼ܶȹύһ
·ʿΪֿԳɹ㣬Ͼڵʱ䣬̫Ѱû˿֮
Щ֮ǰڵ㹬˸Уû˫ۿȥʿҲһЩڴ˿˫ۣǵ㡣
Զͬ˫ĿУƽһɨҪٴαĿɲǣͻȻͫڣȻһĿĽ⣡
ֵɲǣɫȻһ
˫Ŀгֽģһˣ˿һ⣬̧ͷȥʿÿһ˵˫ĿУȻн֣
⣬Ǳ̺У㹬Ĺâ
ȴϵĵ㹬ֽ󲻵Ϣʱ䣬Ȼ˾Ľâǵ㹬Ľںһ𣬾˵ĻԻͣ
⡭⡭·ʿȻվ¶֮ɫ
˵㣡ֻϢʱ䣡
ʮǰһ˵Ĳ㣬ٴγ֣Ȼ塢ΪѰ
ܴ㣬˵ٿʮͨڣһʿ壬İˣ
·ʿһɫأ׷׿գЩ֮ǰĿûᣬ޷ԼȥЩ𣬴˿Ҳ˫ۣǵڣӰ
㣬ʿУҲǿˣ
ֵӰɫΪأ˿̵֣ɵ˵꣬û˿⣬ȴȹĲ㣬Ŀ۵Ӱ
߲㣬Ҫȥ߲㣡
ȥ߲㣬ǵ߲ܴߣ岻ˣ˵ɣ߲㣬ף
˵ĿԴ·ЩһɫܣǵĿ£ǵڵӰû³ֱϷĵ߲㣬Хȥ
Ӱ˿̱·ĿۣЩĿУڴвɣҲһЩмȻΪּдʵ߲㣬ȴǾѶȹ
ҲˣǶӰʧǵ߲ڣɫΪأϾܴߵ߲㣬ʹվͬһΣʿһο˴ܲ⣡
ֽ߲㹬ڣʿһƬž˶̧ͷ
һϢϢϢϢϢǵϢոչȥһɲǣͻȻЩʿв˺Ȼ˾벻ţ
ȴϣ߲㹬ȻϢбǾ˵Ľ⣬㡢ĹâںϣһƬͬʱȫӳڣ̫ͬһ㣡
ǵ߲߳Ӱǽһͷ׷Ϊ˽ɫһ·һٵƣ
˵߲㡭
Ϣʱ䣬Ȼȴ㻹п٣ӵʲôսܴ߲㣬˶ʱڣضأ
Ϣ߲㡭ٶȣҴδš·ʿһ𶯣˿û˿мһսڵӰ𾴡
һЩֹߣǿֵĿ⣬˸ӡ
ʿ֮Уǿ༫󣬶ܹ߲ߣͬΪҲ𾴣𣬼ǹƧ߰ȥ˶Ҫ
߲㡭Ĭû뵽Է߱ʵ
ȥڰ˲ôڰ˲㣬ѣ
Уվڵ߲Ľڣɫƽһ㣬չµȫ֮ѹԵƣȹ߲㡣
ԽϣѶԽߣ֪ڰ˲㣬Ρ̧ͷǵڰ˲㣬һΣһֱڰ˲ȥ
һĴȴûٶ·Уʲôķ籩
ڰ˲㡭ȥڰ˲ˣ
ÿ֮ˣڰ˲ʧܣˡ˵׼
ܴڰ˲ߣϲһʮˣ⻹ǳۻŻЩ˲˵ѣһ˶ȹ̻ᱻ֪˿̵Ĵϣʿȫվ塢ߡ˲飬ǵء
͵վ𣬲ϥĶеĵڰ˲㹬ǵڰ˲Σʧܣ˿ۿԼǰȥڰ˲㣬Ŀ¶⣬һȻֱտȥ
ڰ˲㣬ܶȹô
Щ˱ΪʱŻȴϢ֮ǵڰ˲㹬ڣͻȻĽ⣬ȴǴ˵ˣȫȫһ¡
ǵڰ˲⣬Ѿкܶû֮Ź˿̣·âںϺ󣬺Ȼ֮أˣ޾ĽС
ȹ˵ڰ˲㡭ɫ԰ף¶븴ӣڰ˲㣬ȥʧܸգȴۿűˣϢʱ䣬ݶȹ
·һȻ˼ֵӰһĬ
½ʲô֣͵̧ͷһƵܵУи֪󲿷֣ȴֻ֪׷
֣ǵڰ˲Уһ·ƽĿڡ
俪֮Ŀ͵ϿձЩģĵھŲ
˵ھŲ㣬۷壡
˵ھŲ㣬Ϳɳ׵½
˵ھŲ㣬޵ĽӽԾ
صʱѾ̣ߵһûмеֻǹžƽ
·Ŀ£ϷûɢĵھŲȥ


1953 һˣ3
ݣһڡ
ΪݵһڣպգݵͬʱڣҲָֿӴţһУΪڣһеһĴ
ɽһٲ£ˮˮӣٲΪ̶̶ˮԣһŵ۵꣬ƽһ̶֦ˮڣĿڵ㡣
ڣ˵ڰ˲˲䣬ǵȻ˫̧ۣͷƣɫƽ
˵ڰ˲㡭¶΢ЦдˮһӣһӼ䣬ˮһȦȦصУȻڵһĻĻ
ݣ⣬걻ѩǴѩ趯ķ磬ؼ䴫ʵͬޣüһݵʿ𶯡
ݵһƬɽͣΪһ겻ľ޴ͬһѰ죬֮УԶԶȥɽ屻һΣɢ貵Ĺâ͸֮⡣
ǱĶ
һ֮£һͷӣӼΪߴϥǰǱ䣬ɢâͬʱҲһƬ֮ӰΪ֮صһĻĻ
ߴĹͷʿɫƽűУھŲ㹬ӰĿ˹â
֮أһʿ˵ڰ˲㣬̾ͻᱻ֪˿̳˵һ֮⣬ԶݵĵɽϣҶƮУһŮӣĿǰһƬҶҶǰҶڣǬڵһĻ
Ůԣϥһߣһӣ޾ɣĿɨҲû˿񣬷ҶƬڵ᲻̫Ȥ
ʦ˵ھŲ㣬᲻ǾŮӣǰҶڡ
Աߣϡɵ˫ۣĿҶһɨ
дھŲʿΪʦɽһƬ֡ھŲ㣬һӣΪǺΪĴ𣬼չҪͬʱҲԼתػ뱣ϡ
Ϊʦ˵ھŲ㣬ϵһֻͷԴһЩˡڤһ˵ʮ㣬ΪʦŻȥ߻ڡ
ǾŮӣĬҧ´Ҷû˵
ͬݣ۶ʳڣһΪݻĹУ⹬û˿ӰȴڹգһƬˮĻû¶ţһĻ
ޣʮеĵһڣڡ
ڽڣһʯһ۵ӣĿתǰһ޴ľڣӰһĻĻֻڽֻܿһӰģ
ԣһһСŮСŮ߰꣬Ƿ۵ݰף˫۾Ϊɰӣ˿ǴźɫСŮһֻ°ͣŹǾӣʵϣȴųȥ棬۾ʱʱԱµСŮգգۣͬʱ͡
Ůͯߣһʿʿһ޵ӣϻиӣһҪƵģȻǳõıƺήҲ
ףСǣʲô飬СǹԣҪŮͯǿӵʿһ̧ۣͷ˺ü£ÿһ꣬ʿͷˮƸˡ
СڰǲҪ桭ǿôҵˣͬԶݣ񴳹ڰ˲㣬ܴܲھŲ㣬Ҫ֮˰һɬСŮڡ
ѽԼŪɣҪúýѵСǣǰھڣϴ漸󲻾ʵˣҵһǴźɫСŮ΢ЦиͲӣǿһʿԣŮͯһ𣬺ݺݵʿͷ
ӴһĻЦˣСŮһݣɫΪء
˫Ӵ𣡣
СŮǽСǵʿͷʿ
ѽޣˣ
װİɣСǲһװģ
˫Ӵ𣡣ʿҪ˵ĸоСŮ䣬һ㣬СŮתͷ
С£Ҳˣǽ޵СŮüͷʿһۡ
˫Ӵ𣬴ʿ˿ȥᣬصĿڡ
ǾȥˣǼǽСŮһ֣ץǿСǣһСŮһξʧʯڡ
ʿݺݵץһԼͷЦϡ
֮أڰ˲˸У·ʿ£ŵھŲ㼲۶ȥܿǱƵĵھŲ㣬һ֮󣬺ԥ̤ȥ
ȥһ˲䣬·ڵʿһ׷סǵھŲ㣡
߲㣬Ϊʮǣڰ˲㣬ȴǳ˰ʮһţھŲ㱻Ϊ۷壬пܣ־ʮſǣ̤ھŲ󣬳һƬǿУɫƽǰ
ǿڣͻȻоʮſǳȻı˹켣ֱںХʮſڣȻоſţɢĿĽâ
˫Ŀһû˿ԥ֮ԴַʽڣڱʮͨͬʱԴӣ൱̺˾ʮͨ
ûдǰļޣһȭһָڣʮͨʹѾ޵Ľӽε۷塣
̧Ŀ¶⣬ڴʹУû򵥵ķʽٵľʮſǣȻһնȥ
һն䣬˾ʮӰʮӰ˲Ϣںһ𣬻һɨǿޣ
صٵľʮſǣȻоʮȻ߽⻹ûȫɲǣֵ̳صȴû߳˲ٽµ߿Žɫǡ
һΣˮԴԴԴֱǶȥصͬʱԶֵһͺ䱬һĿǣͬٻһ㣬ĿǱ
ʮſǣʱв࣬ȴ־Լ޵ļ٣ԶԶһʮſǣͬʱ
ǱɲǣһƬȻͬɫĴˣȻɢ
֮أ˵ĿУǺܶûɢâĵھŲȫʿУȻ˲ŵĽ⣡
˵ھŲ㣡֮֮ضݣ
ھŲ㡭ھŲ㣡ھŲ㣬۷壬һͿɳΪԾĪǽգ￴嵮ʮλԾ𣡣
еĴ𣬶ע
·ʿһ𣬿ɬеͷ
ϲֵѴھŲ㣡֪˭ȿڣܿ죬˵ʿһݡ


1954 һˣ4
ӵұ㿴꣬ھŲ㣬ԽչΪ£ˣ꾡ܾܾһΣһΣҷǰɿҶӣһڣٲǰһ˫Ŀһ΢ЦŨ
ݱǰı˫ۡ
ӾɽĲԣִ˵ھŲ㣬սȻԾ࡭һȣضᣬһԸй°˵ȥҲһ߷ǰȥһΣҪӴӷ棬Ӧж˭ӣ
ɽϣǾŮ¶ĵ΢ЦִھŲ㣬ƱֻҪ˵ӡ
ֻߣĿҶһɨɫɺ⡣
ھŲѣ۷ˣ˵ʮ㣬ΪԾ𣬲Ǵ˵ʮ㣬ҲԾеĵףڤԶҡͷڡ
ʦ𣡣ǾŮת
߻һ٣Цڣˣܴʮ㣬ȥûԸΪϷ¡
֮أһŲΪɴʮԾķˮ룬ʮΪԾʮһϣ̤ǰŲȫͬΪս⣬жڵ
֣ǺŲĺ壡Ų㣬ûһ㣬һ컯֡߿ͽһۣԲٿڡ
Ǻһ˷ܣĿʶɢֱ
ݻʳǣһݻĹ˹ڣǰ֮Ļִ˵ھŲһ˲䣬һЦ⹬ص
ǵ֮ôСˡ
ޣڣʿһˣǰľӣ˿ȥһҽУ˫Ŀ
һҪԴϴתٴηֿʱ꣬Ų㣬Ծ֮ޣҲȥ´һתڼܳΪ£ضػã
ͬʱ֮أִ˵ھŲ󣬴˵ʿһݣţн˱ȭ뿪˵أʶԸԵ̰Ѵ¸֪
Ͼ˴ھŲ㣬֮УΪҪɳ֮Ϊʢһ㣬Ŵ²ϵشûãȻиʿصĸطֱ
ڵھŲ˸У߳ϥڰڣûмȥʮ㣬ͬҲû³
֮أҫǵõ֪ͨʿһһڴڣ̾ͱ̧ͷͿɿǵھŲ޾⣬ͬʱǽУϥӰ
ɫأһ˿ڴ
˿Ĵûκһг֮⣬мͱʵ飬ǿߣǿԴھŲ֮ˣе۷壡
ʱ佥ȥ˵صʿԽԽ࣬һԶ󼲳۶ǴĹâʼûֹͣ
ܿ죬֮أʿȻﵽ˽֮߰࣬ռ߳ɣ
ǴڣʿõϢٸ
˺ܴĺ䶯ԽԽˡ
ʮһȥԾʿֻʮ㣬˵֮ǰŲټһѣĻҲʼûеʮλԾ֡
Щѣ˵ھŲ٣ȴҲһЩЩ˵һǺպڴھŲʱҲ䶯˵ڴ£ȴڵʮʧܡһΣпҲˡ
ڣ߰ٶɢյھŲӰͬʱҲڻ˼˴̸ֵ֮ǰ顣
߰ٶУһЩˣɫΪƽڲͬվҲǼΪ
ЩˣʮȫǴ˵ھŲڵʮֹߣ˿ҲΪ˿ֵܷһ
֣㿴ܷ񴳹ʮ㣿
ѣʮҶȥԹдʮģҲڴ
ֹ˰ʱ䣬֮صʿȻ˰ˣ֮ڵ𣬶һ飬ʶ˵أ֤һҪʢ¡
ȺڣһŮӣŮòǺԸڵɽҶˣнڵӰ¶΢Ц
һɽ˺ʧʮ꣬û뵽һ֣˾ˣ
ڴ˵ؽ˰ȴȥʮʱͻȻԶĴڣ˸ȴһµӣ߳ɫֺ˿ˣԾڰ֡
ѩԾ𣡣
ȻԾ𶼱
ֹѩԾ㿴ǵԾ𣡡Ծĳ֣ע⣬ȴǴ˸Уٴ߳һˣһߣüͷն䣬ǰ໥һ˴һͷͬе֡
˫Ծ𣡡
ӊCԾͯض˵ʮ㣡
֮˰ϢĻصǹϵĴڣԾһˣ˱˴ûн̸ֺ̿ա
ʱͻȻȻžǵھŲϥ֣վӣһٶĿۡ
ֵͷһ·˲ٵȺüͷһ壬ܿչĿģΪһˣԽ࣬ԽΪá
·ȺڣĿˣĸԾֿʱҲ֣ɫƽû˿ڡ
Ŀһջأ̧ͷǵʮ㣬ȻһȥŲһԼٶȣֱʮ㣬һʧӰ
ʮˣ
ʮ㣬νţһΪʮλԾ𣡡
·ʿһעĿ©˰㡣
һ̣ϣһ⣬ǻʳ˴еĴߣŸǰһĻʮ㣡
ڣӣ۲գһ¡
ܹôǺܶˣ˵ʿͬһͷ
ʱţֽʮȻȥ˰Ϣ
ھϢʮϢ
еĿ⣬ֻģĵʮ㹬һ㹬δɢһ˿⣡
ʷУÿһɢ⣬ţ½ϣһλԾ
½ֻʮλԾһһʢ嶼֪ʿĺ䶯
ʮһϢʮϢʮϢֱڶʮϢ
ʧˡ·˴̾Ϣ
ʱȴһž֮أ粨δһ㣬𣡣
⣡ǽ⣡
ʮ⣡ˣʮٴγ˽⣡
ˣ
Уڸ˴룬һƬģĵʮ㣬ڹȥ˶ʮϢ˵ĿУȻɢ˾춯صĽ⣡
ĸԾɫʱһ


1955 һˣ5
ȴһƬģУûٴɢ˿âĵʮһ˲䣬貵ĹâǽɢͬˣϵУȡ˴˵ʿͫ׵ɫ
ǽɢ£һ޴ӰӽڻûӰ֣һŽۣɢϵİ֮Ӱ
ӰΪߴ󣬺Ȼͬվ֮ľˣʮĽڳ֣˲ϢԽӵʵ
ת£ӰȫΪӢ̺һ˿ɣͬʱһĤݵɢ
һۣӰͷһɫĵ۹ڣʹô˿һ㡣
Ӱֵһɲǣ·˰𣬻ٴ˵صĸԾһ׷һ
浱֮صķӰ˵Ӱų棬룬˷ӰҲ棬ڴ֮أ
ʮΪԾķˮ룬ʼдţÿһλԾʿҪܵĴͷ⣬û뵽Ϊ棡
ʮ㴳Ӱû֣Ӵ֮ԾţΪԾʿҵȣȻһΣ
ۿ˳ΪԾҿӰͷ⣬˷֮أ
Ǿ޴ĽɫӰ֣·ʿһɫΪӰһݣһݣûǿҪǴ˵ʿ羴Ķ
󱲣ݼɣȫʿһһؼ
·ʿһ֮ʱǽھ޴ӰǰȻӵʮ㹬зɳһ磬ǳڽ¶Ӱ֡
һĻʿУƿɳΪһ㡣
ȴϣһһСɫӰ벻ɣ໥
ɫв԰ף֮̾Ϳǰ޴ĽɫӰòһӰο棡
ǽɫ˫Ŀ͸޾ϣĿ⣬һ˲䣬ϡĿ̺޷ݵ֮ڿֵͬʱǺҪֵ壬һ֮¶׿һ㡣
УĿͬĸоĿУڵһأȫչ¶Ŀڣ
飬ǰû˿Ԥϣʦ޴Ҳδϣߵһ
һûа׼֣˲䣬ĵܣȻ¶Ŀ£ĿУֵԺƾճһֻ֣ٵķ䣬һضû˿ã
ʼ䣡
Ծʿֻʮˣ˵ԾΪ󣬽ڴ۷һ
ʿҲӣ괴֮ʱȻǹй֮޸ıϢ٣֮УԾĳƺš
˵飬ҲͰˣԾ𣬱½֮ޣû˿ߣʶŻʮ㣬˳ΪԾ֮ҲԴΪϣȨļ֤
ÿһʿڳΪԾ֮ʱᾭһĻ½ʮ˸Ծȫˡ
һأǼΪҪһأӰжΪʿǹ֮ޣô̾ͻѴɢȥĪ˵֣ǴҲ޷ӳ
Ӱ֣һߣôֵģԾնɱ
ӰĿУֵļɲǣͻȻںϵӣһγ֣תУɢһȫֳĬУƾմһݼ䣬Ӱȥ
û֪ӰʲôƬ̺ϵĿ⣬
ã·ʿУӰ̧һ֮䣬̱һʥּһĲƾջûƮǰ
ǲϣʮ˸֣ÿһֶɢĿĹâѹء
Ծ񣡣
Ǵ˵еԾô
УÿһԾʿյ㣬дԾϣ˰ײ֣ΨеµԾ𴳹ʮ󣬲Żû
Ծ񣬷дϵ֣ܵıӻΪҫ
·ʿĸԾ⣬˾¶֮⣬Ƕ𣬵ҲûʸдԾϣ
ȴӰȻ̧гһ֧ɫıʣǲһӣȻдһ壡
ʮţ֡
дһʵɲǣӰɢ»⣬֮ء
ֱӰȫɢȥ·ʿһƬžƬ̺ȴٴһݡ
Ծ𣡡һݵȺУ𣬰֮ǰл̬ȣΪ޷ھŲ㣬ʮ֮ˣ
ȺУһŮӣ·֣Ȼ֮䣬ٵãԼԷһһ죬һڵأԶԶ
ͻĸоЩ˵ꡣ
ǰУĿĬ֮󻺻ŵһ˲䣬ƾû뵽֮أ̺һǱڵĺ塣
ӣһг֣һΣ飬ʲôԺδȻ˵Ӱ
ʮڣȻǾʮŸɫǳ̶ֳȵĿ飬ѹֺ˿ԶȹңҲһ˲䶯ţ󣬲ſɴݴʮ㣡
ֳ˼ʱ·˷ɳֱնͣ٣¶Ӱѩꡢ֡˫Ծ
ӊCԾɫƽ·δ٣ɨһۺ󣬲Բ
ϲѣӽԺԾУֶһλ
Ҫ˶ã½Ծ𶼻֪һˣպڱҪһ۵
ѣ̤ԾκҪǼλѩ꣬ҲˣΪ¡֪ȥδ
˺Цֱȭ¶΢ЦһһȭӦ
йѡһ֮£»ûоϣҲûʹ뿪ֻУ̧ͷһϷ䣬Ȼȫģĵʮһ㣡
һ̧ͷɫһ
ĪҪǵʮһ㣿
ǣֺЦͷ
ɫ죬ɨһۺѩԾԥһ£ڡ
ҵˣûдʮһ㣬ѼȻҪȥʶһЩ飬Ե
֮أʮϣѵĳ̶ȣԶԶʿһŲ㣬һʧܣǰʮ𣬻ˣܲأȴҲ
⣬ʮϣʱУѴҲΪΣԾʿٻԭûа˳ϵİգԾ𣬲ȥ
֪ĿǰڵʮŸԾжʮˣֹڵʮһ޷ȹʮ⣬ʮڵʮֹ·ӊCѣ紫˵ʮ㣬ʵҲʮֹ


1956 һˣ6
ڵʮֹģˡʮ߸Ծ𻹣ǿߣһǲ΢˵ʮĲ㣡һԾеĵһǿߣڤڵʮֹ
ӵʮһ㿪ʼÿһѶȶߣǰʮǳô򵥣Ҫ롭浱սʮ֮ޣȥս
ʮ֮ޣǿֻܴǻþʵҲ˲٣ǱϾǵһս֮飡
ܰʮ֮ȫսܣߵ֮·ôʮŲʱȻ߱ôҲԸ׳ֵʵ
Ҵӵʮһ㿪ʼĪ컯컯δ˿Եõͬʮһ㣬Ҳ޷õߡ
ھ壬Ҳ̫֪ڵʮһ㣬õһʽͨ
ǹʷϣֻԾ𣬴ʮŲ̫񾳳Ϊ˴𣬳֮⣬޿ԴʮŲ㣡
ļλеĵһɻʰ˼𣬵ֻΪֻԵɺ£һ̫񾳳ΪһѪɣ
˫Ӵõ۴𣬴Ŷͬһ֮ˣ˵£ʵҲ֪֪꣬ҲԾʿʮŲ֮һ
֮ѡҲΪһ㣬ϾҵԾи߰ƾŻԵɾ˴ҵĲܸ棡ѩԾ֣ڡ
һλԾ֮ʱʮŲߣЩ飬ִδţ˿ɫһ
ڣٴǰΪһ𣬼Ǿõ۴ǰҲΪɵ˼ңȫȫƾ֮һߵ˴ĲΡ
˵ҲͬʮŲ㣬Բ統Ķٴжߣ²ⲻȻⶫٴѩ꼫Ϊ֮ˣʱɫЩͳ
ֳĬǰֳǶڣλԼ¶ߣٴĺˡ
лѩһȭ̧ͷϿյĵʮһ㣬Ŀ¶ϣû˿ɣһΣѩ˵ĿУ·ʿľ£ɫĮӊCԾĿһɲǣֵӰĽӰֱϷ
֮죬͸˲Ȼǵʮһ⣡
ڵʮһ㣬׷˲㣬۴񣬶ʵǿ
ʮһ·ǰʮЩһΪӴ˵ͬѹǿ˲٣ͨУ͸һɭ֮⡣
ʮһģǾŸ˵Ļ壬ֻжʮˣһôʮ㣬ΪԾ𣬻㣡˫һԥӰ磬̤ʮһ
̤ʮһ˲䣬·еһɫ¶Ȼ뼤飬Щʿϳ֣Ҫ֪һ綼Ƕſɫ˿̣ȴֵǿȥķٶһȻ
ұΪʮ֣ȻҪȥ
Ҫ㣿ܴڼ㣿
ˣ㹻ţǱ̤ԾҫأΪ
ѩˣ˿ҲȥǲֵľٶжϣʧܵĿܣռ˾ųϣϾʮһ㣬ȴʧܣȫԾУд룬ֹ
ǲһոճΪԾ֣
һɴʮһ㣬ɲôסҲ˵ʮȥʮһ㣬ȴʧܡ˶󣬲ųɹ
ʮԾУΨǲ΢ڤڵʮ㴳һֹڵʮ㣬һֹڵʮ㣡
֮ΪǿԾҲмĹˣܣǸͷСͯӊCԾɫ糣ȴЦ
һ̣עĲǴ˵صʿĴԾҲͨԵķʽ֪½ϣ˵ʮŸԾ³ֵԾûȥٴȥ
һڣһƺܵһУˮĵӰ˿ɫ糣˫ȭȴʱ¶֮â
ӣҪΪ£
Ǳݵı֮أǱĿ¶ϣ
ڣŶʱҽеʿ˿̼Ϊǰľӣ
ܳΪ˫Ӵ£ضԶԴ𵽼İ
ݣɽǾŵ۴ɢӭ⣬һ˲ԸŲӣɹִ̫ʮʱϡɵ˫Ŀɨһۡ
ˣǹ˵ʮ㣬ҲǸͷٴһЩ϶ѡ޷΢ȽϣȲڤ𣬰ڤ֪ɻʸʲôô̾ƶԵûгɹչڤ𣬺Ϊϧ
ݻʳǻʹڣ˵ĹУ૵
ڤô
ǻص䣬⹬ͻȻвŤӲ߳һˣһ꣬ΪӢɨ˹յ֮Ļһۡ
ɱֻһϢ
ֳΪԾ𣬴ʮһ֮Ҳ˵˿̤ǵʮһ㣬ǰһģ䣬ɳǿС
ǿգȴû˿ǳǱһƬƣŨ޷ܡ
ΪһϵǿͻȻ֣ڣ˫䣬ϵػ
Ϊ
ΪԽӾңૣֵ壬궼Ҫɢһ㡣
ɫв԰ף˫ĿȴǾڵ⣬֮ԴڶڵϣԶԶĳ½ĺܶˣһЩԾϣ޷ֱȽϣ
ֶڵ򣬳Լ˿˼
Ϊǵֻڡ
俪ڵɲǣǧУһδζ򣬻Դȫ˲䣬ȻʧͬʱǰȻһγһ֮ư˷ɢͬʱ¶貵ǿգ¶ǿУһŽ۴ŵ۹ڵӰ
Ӱǰһֻ޴ЫӣЫԼɴС͸ͬʱǴһ˻
ǰһʱȡǽɫӰЫһս
ħЫֺԥһɲǣ˻
ʱ仺ţ֮ǰϢ㴳һ㲻ֽͬǵʮһȻȥ˰ʱ䣬һƬž˵Ŀ⣬Ǳڸǵգصȴš
һʮһҲãʧܺ󣬾ͻ֪࣬ף֮أһɷͿԴĵطѩԾϷİֱڣΪֿԳɹ
Ϊǲ΢ڤôʮһ㣬ҵѾǧ࣬ǿȹǺΪԴǣĥ˺ܾò˵ߴε̫֮ĽսǼΪ࡭ϲһξʹͯӊCԾĿһЦ֮ʱȻһȻ¶޷֮ɫ
һ⣬ƵĵʮһڣȻ
ⲻܣӊCԾ͵˫ۡ
޸һ£иĵطʮŲģ˶٣⡣


1957 һˣ7
֮أǵʮһɢ£Ӱһ߳ɫ԰ף֮ϥڽڣԺڣֳ֮ǰʮһһĻĻ
ħЫǵһ֮飬˺ٴγ˰˸֮飬û˿ִϻȫԸǺѼֶȹʮһ㣡
һ飬ȻһӴޱȣͬһǵľ󣬴֮
ֵܸܵľŸ̫֮飬öӵʵǱȲ䱾壬ˣҲǼΪǿ󣬼ÿһԴﵽ۷壬̫֮飬ѰԾһս
ûʱȥ˷ѣϻʱޣڵʮһ㽻սϺ£ȡ̶ȵʹá
߳ǵʮһ˲䣬ǽɢɲǣֵԺͻȻһϵ
ΨԼԸ֪
Ϊƾ֮ڴһͨ˼лԵߣڴеõ
괳֮飬ɴͼͨ鱾Դ鷨ҲԴǴ̫񾳡
ԺصУǳһʶĻ棬ǻһֻƣƲ̺˿̧֮һУȻһɫ˿һָƾȦ֮ûԽԽγɸŸɫ̻ɢһɼΪֲϢ
ϥǽڣĿԺڵĻ֣ټϴҲиסڷ֮ʩչ
û˿ڱĿʶ̧֣ȴ£һɫ˿Ȼ֣һָͷܣ
һĻ·ʿһĿɿڴ
Ĵ˵ʮһ㣡
ԾУʮһĶ࣬ӵ㣬̶̵ʱڣֱӴʮһ㣡
Ѿ޷²ļˡִʮһȻγ׵׵뿪·ʿǽڣһָϵ̡
ѩˣȴǿļΪ
ɫӣ֣һʱ֮
һδʮһͶȹϵ̣ڲ΢￴˼еļ
ҷŻΪһû뵽߱˴ʮһ֮ԾУÿളһ㣬༫󣡡
˳Ĭİ̾ˣԶӊCԾȴɫ仯ǽڵ֣¶ݡ
ʮһ㡭ģʮһҵܾòŶȹȻһξ͹ͨȴڶȹûлá
ʮһ㣬ļˣܴʮ㣬ԾУ΢궼ڸոճΪԾʱֹʮ㣡Ψڤ𣬷ɶȹ
ˣܣӊCԾսϥ֣ģĳ˼ʣ
ã˫ۣԼָϵһȦẠ̇˫Ŀһ䣬ɢվ·ʿӊCԾһУ̧ͷǸ߸ϵĵʮ
ѩԾ˵ʮһϣÿһ㶼컯ڡȻˣ˼ԭΪԴ̫񾳣
̫񾳣һʲôط水ռƴΪҲǴá
ͨҲǴ̫񾳡һʲôĴڣֳУ˫Ŀ¶Ĺâ
֮أõĲֻǺպܻµ컯ƾȻһμ䣬·󾪺ͬʱֱʮȥ
·ľУ͸ļ˷ܣڴ˿ȴЩĿģ
Ҫһˣ
ãֻǴһ㣬һˣٵãǽڤĲ΢ֹڵʮ㣬ԼվƽҲһˣ
ãԾеǿߣڤ𣬳ˣǿһˣ
οʮһϣĴ컯洫̫񾳵İ˼кȤ
ˣˣȻȥ˵ʮ㣡
ʮ㣬Ҳ֪ԾжٴߣԼΪټ
һܳɣһΣҾΪʧܣ
ֵľٶʹѩˣĿӰʧյڣ֮󣬻˸ĸ뾴壡
ȸ֪֮־ˡ׷ҵֻԶ
ѩ꣬ٵԴʮô
ԣ˵ǵһμ棬Ȼȥûа֮£Ȼ̤ϵʮ㣬ضţ
ܣҪ֪ΨڤڵһγΪԾ󣬲ſԴʮ㣬Ǵˣڤķ籩һ㣿
ڤ״γΪԾ𣬴ʮ㣬˴˹ۿ󲿷Ծ˵أʱǼλΪڤ𣬸Զ˼Ϊ˵ձѡɻʡ
ѩ˽̸УͻȻԶĹϴڣȻ˼ΪǿҵĹâǹâ£ȴһӰХ
һӰ·Щʿһɫ̹ȴû˿Щƽʱһѵһ֮ˣΪ֣
Ծ𣡡
Ծ𣡡
Ծ
ǺԾ𣡡·ʿ̴һӰУϳԾʿ
һžУȴԼнʮԾ𣬺Ȼ½ĸطʶڣǳ̧֮ͷɫΪأգ
֮أôԾ֮£ΪΨһΣǱǵڤΪԾ֮ʱ
ǵĲ΢Ҳû˷籩
ϢԶĹϴٴɢĿĹââԽԽŨƬ̼䣬߳һߴӰ
Ӱͷ֮ȻһƬžԾ𣬶һ˲䣬ǸߴӰһݡ
μ𣡡
ߴӰȻе֮ɫƽһվϣû˵İݼǿеʮ⣬ͣڳ˼֣
֣ûдʮ㣬汾𣬱һŵĳŵ󣬿ȴȻصǴĻеʮڡ
ǵʮ⣬һ٣ȭͷ·
л𣬲ĳȫݺ̸ɺã
ã˿ûн⣬֣ԽԽؽ˼
һĻʿһɫ仯ĸǴ죬ĳ棬֮Ծͬȵڤʢ£
СѣǵõǵԼôʱһüͷͻȻǹϵĴڣƴ
ȴǴâ˸䣬һ𣬻߳


1958 һˣ8
һһ򵥵ĵۣЦ߳ʮ֡
ɫƽͬһһȭڡ
ǵãĳ˵ھŲ㣬һ𻹻ǰ
²СȥʮͿɡһ΢΢һЦǲԶ
ĿԿ̡
һĻʿУЩʿһɫŹ֣˵ڤһ⣬ǵڶοΪһˣ֮£
һҿˣĪҪᣡ¶һ˿âڡ
⣬ԾʿҵҲǿҪһлҪԼѡ񣬲㿴ˣͻ㣡
ң˿Ҫȥʮ㣬һȹˣǿȵڤĪ˵ˣǾõϼһ˵ҲĶ
λɻʣ겻֪ʲôŵڤ𣬽ˡһ΢Цҡͷ
̸Уϵ֣̤ǵʮ
һ˲䣬һ̸ֹ̧ͣͷȥʿҲãԾҲգ׷ˡ
ֻһĻ֮ļط֮ȴƴ˲ͬ뷨ڵʿɬĿǰľӣ̾Ϣ
ô˵ʮһ㡭ʮһҲͰˣʮ㣬ǧҪһˣʲôȥ˵
̾ͻᱻŵ۴ɻʴߣһ𣬶ڵϱȵùλ
ϧ˫Ӵһתûг⣬Ҳõۺɻʱһȡ
ʿɬ̾ϢУȻҪͷʱ˼ʯҵűһ߿һźɫСŮ˽
С£ôڿƾӣҺͺʰǸСǣСǽ̫ˣҽҪݺݵؽѵ
СڡʿҪ޳ӣҪ˵
ףƾˣЩ졭ǺɫСŮǾӣüһ壬˼
Сڣ㵱ȻϤˣһ𡭡ʿ̾Ϣһ˵Ѿã
߰ɣСڣҰȥʰǸǸСǡʿ̾ĺǸ̰ǵʿ
ǸͷǸСŮ̧һָӰһ̤ʮ֡
ףˣ졭롭СŮ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˫һ
֣ˣҵСʱҲҼǵúҺͺʱ򻹰һΡƺ֮ǰͼ
֮ǰ˵ҪôððҺͺһȥСŮգգۣЦ
˿ĭСŮ֮ɫ̼
ССڣȷ֮ǰʶȹ
С£㲻СŮüͷһ壬ָָǼӣһ
˫ӴǰԤϵı仯Ȼ֮ǰ;ȹˣһϵ˵ܽʿĴЦɫһ񣬾沿ƶ˹âǲ庢һ㣬ȥеСڡ
СŮһ˻üЦɫ¶⡣
ߣС²֪Һͺ˰ɣʶ˰ɣЩ֮ǰߵļһҶ˵˲Ҫȥǣ㻹
˫Ӵ𣬴ӲǿˣҪ߾ߣ˳ᢣǺ֪ġСŮԽ˵Խǵ⣬Ƕ
ǣ˫Ӵ˳ᢣʿæЦǰСŮĿУŴȰ
˵Ϊ磬Դ˫Ӵת󣬵˶ȥʱѡ£չСŮֱһУֻ꣬ȫʢʱڵ˫Ӵ𣬶֮
ֻ˫Ӵ£۵һȴΨһ
һƬЦ̸֮ʱԶݵĵɽϣԭɢɹ̫ľõ۴ȴǵɴ۾ֱĶǰƬҶ
˵ʮһ㣬ȥʮ㡭ҲǿǸǿǿǿһ¡Ҫǹȥˣ֮ǰ˵Щ̫ϵӡô˵˫ȴգգһ£Ҷ
ˣǸʮһ㣬ӹȥȥԶԶڤ𡣡һƲͷ˫۲ȥ˰죬ȴٴɨҶһۡ
ܹܲء
ͬݣ۶ʳڣݻĹУһµڤڣŴ֮Ӱüͷ
һϢɱôһƽڻص
ڤĬ֮󣬻ڡ
һϢԣ
΢Цصٴδ
ʮ㣬ţʮ㣬ţˣñȥˣʣûȤֻǣ仰ﻹصƻû˵һɲǣͻȻȻȴǴϣȻвƻصһŽۣŵ۹ڣò漫ΪƵӣֱӻû
˿˫¶һ˿𾪣Ǵе֮Ӱֻ֮ӰڵĵʮȻ˴ĿĽ⣡
֮ɢ˿̾ƿɴ͸һޣǴе֮ӰڣȻɢ
ʮ㣡ǴŽ۵ӣΪȡ
ԱǺڤȻɢһɾɱĶ֮Ļ¶캮⡣
ףԷʮ㣬ԼһضܵĿдȡȥѡõȥԼΪǿ
ԷʮľٶպԼʱضǸ˵֣飬Ծһǲϲ
ʮѣϣҲôһ㡣ɱһϢǺڤ𣬳ĬƬ̣ڡ
ǽӣȴǶһĻ֪Щʲô
ͬһʱ䣬ɽϣ͵վ˫¶֮âԥһºֻ¡
֮ǰһΣţԻ֮ʮ㣬ȴڤ𣬻޷ȽϡԴŻٴʮ㡭ĻҲֻһѰԾˡ߳꣬º˫ۡ
߰ǼߡءӦ޷ǵʮ㣬ƻѡףۣȴҶڣʮĽУȫһεˮƽγһɼڿҶҲԸܳѹ
ˮ
߹۲Ҷˮʱ̿ȻһΣûзֱǵʮȥ
תۼ䣬ӰʧУʮ
һĻݻʹڣʹǺڤ𣬲ɵһɱһ
ɻʣҪȥһȥʮ㣡


1959 һˣ9
壬ԾȫǿƷľٶȫע
飬Ѿٳֻ֣еڤŻùͬĿ
ĿĹâĲڤһˣǴϱɢֳһֵ֣ϣ
Ӵ֮ϣʷϣֵ֣ͬ貵ǳĻâ޾о߱ʸ֪֮
ڲ֮󣬻֮˶пŴ£
壬ʮΪԾ𣬸״γΪԾ󣬴˵ʮһ㣬ʮ㣬񣬸ȥǵʮ㣡
ǵɽϵľõ۴˫۲ϡɣǾ񣬶ǰҶ˿ɫأû֮ǰ˿ɢ
ףܴʮ㣬ǴŻҲ˵һʵˣ̫ߡ
ݻʹУȻ¶Ӱϵɻʣ˫¶֮â˼Уǰ֮Ļڵ֣ʮ㡣
ԱߣǺڤȻϥ£ʶ飬Ҫǰ
˿̣ڣǵһüͷ̾һ֪µ֣Ȼһ籩ʿΪҪҲҪһЩۡ
ٴĴۣҲֵãһպܳΪô֮ǰһиͻữԵ÷ĻرһͬǴĵѣ˴˻֮ǰֹϵκһ˵ĵλΪΧ
ԱߵҲǰ̾ԤֽҪֵ˫⣬ĸͬȡһ˵ľ档
ǣʲôδ֪⡭
ڣһƬžЩʿĬգһʱ䣬ֵܵĲ࣬ӵ㣬һֱĵʮ㡣
֮ǰָոմʱ˼ȥһЦǵΪǵݣûʸȥһԾʿһܴʮԾʿ
񣬶еӰΨ
ѩˣҲǳĬУɫڸӼ˺ܶ࣬Ͼ̫࣬ĥһиӵ
ڤ𣬾ǵʮֹ֪ˣܷԽ
ȹʮ㣬ȫѹڤ𣬳Ϊ״γΪԾУһˣ㻹ڿԶȹʮڤ𣬵ȴҲԶˣ
ԱߵӊCԾɫʼղ԰ףһĻĻۿ飬֪ԼӦó׸ı˼ɻ̲סɫ¶ӡ
ʮ㡭ȥ
˵صԾ𣬳ѩӊC⣬жʮǷɢգ֤һʢ£
֪ܴܲʮ㡭
ԾУڵʮֹģϲ΢ڤ𣬹оˣûдʮ㣬ҲʹһεԾ𣬳Ϊʮˣ
ʮ㣬Ӧ޷վм޵ġ
ЩԾнߣ˴˴УԼʮ
ʮڣɫ԰ףɲǣǰٴγƬģޣɻܣƱ֮ǰΪŨ
ڣֳĬ
ʮľ֮飬ţܶȹʮ㣬ܸоȻǴϻļޡ
Ͼ֮ҵΪҵսΪԽԽߣҲϾ࣬Ҳ޵Ľӽţѡ
ֽӽʵϻвġ
ڵʮһ㣬ѧ˼ǵʮ㣬˼ˮ洫̫񾳵İ˼֣
ʮ㣬ҹǲĿ¶
ΪУڴǰ㣬һһصޣһѹ
ĻصУ˫Ŀƽ⣬ѾشΣÿζͬһΣΪڶΣΪ
ΣףΪ
ֶڵ뿼飬˵߱ѶȣֿȥȴڶʱѾʼ˼ˡ
һˡӦǿﵽˣʮ󣬾ʹֹƾŴ£ЩܿлҲ˵ˡֳУ⡣
ΪǵͷһһԲȦΪҲǵϣֲΪѣΪ˯谭أв԰Σʶƿ˫۵Ϊ٣Ҳǵϵػص£Ժһ뵽Լȸһεڡ
仰ﴫУƬڸǰȻɢ¶ǿա
ʱţ֮صȴˣʱȥһ󣬿ʮĿ⣬ϧɡ
ʱҪڵʮʱ˲٣ɼʮѶȡ
ҪʮֹˣϾмޣ
û״γΪԾ𣬾ͳΪʮǿԾ֮һպˣ
ϧԴʮ㣬ͿԽڲ΢𣬳ΪǿԾ𡭡
վûгԽڤ𡭡
˵ԾУȴ£˴ɢϧ
ôһգҲзʮ㣬˵
˲²⣬ֽʮֹ֮ʱͻȻԶĹϴɢתĹââ˸䣬۳һӰŹâɢչ¶ĿµģȻһꡣ
ĳ֣˿ѹ֮ǰһʱĺ䶯п֮ˣ׷׾һƴ˵ĳ֣֮أһµķ籩
ڤ𣡣
ڤ𣿡
ˣûдʮҲͰˣı֪ڤǺα飡ЩʿǶڤ𣬵˴˴УȴǷ׷֪˭ڤĿ⣬УǴһڴ
ڴ󣬶Ŀһɲǣᷢʲô飡
ԾеһǿߣµһˣڤȻʱ£˼ˣ
ڤȻ޷񣬱ϾҪ䳬ԽǲЩԸˡ
ڤ°ܾû˿Խսǲ΢Ҳֻܱڤѹơ
ڤ˽ģͬȲεԾʿǱ˴ɫĿɨȴͬڴ
ڤһ𡣡Ǻɫ˿ȥ˵Ծ𣬶ŵһⱧȭһݡ
⿴ڤİ̾˼õɶԷɻѡɻʣҪڣͻȻ͵̧ͷ
˿ˣһУٲȥڤ𣬶̧ͷա
ȴϣǱڸǵĵʮȻ˽⣬ǽ˸׽͸Ϊ˽ɫգ˲䣬Ϊ˽죡
ʮ㣡
ڤΪԾ״ȥڵʮִֹʮ㣬ȻԽڤ꣡
ڤ˫ĿͫգɫЩ


1960 ô
һ̣Ʒһ㣬ЩʿܴʮһĻΪ𾪣ǱѾ߹û뵽ǲ²
ʮ㣬ֵ׻жսĪڽ죬ҪʮŲô
һ֮ڣһˣ
ЩԾʿһյĿ⣬̺𺳣㹻ȥı֣
ʮ˸ɲǣ֪˭һıĿ⿴ڤƬ̺󣬼Ŀ⣬Ȼڤϡ
ִʮΪ֮ͬսսڤ
ڤգɫƽȴкɢз籩һ㡣⺮ɢУܵĻȻȻֹ
ϣʮ⣬ӰûɫΪ԰ף֮ûȥʮĲ㣬彥³
³ܼžУЩʿҲ׷׿ȥ
ôˣžУ³֮ʱһȻڤУ
ص˲䣬仰ʿ׷һ¶֮âڴܸܵз籩֣
ǵһɫƽûпڡԱߵ΢΢һЦûԾУǼΪ֮ˣ뿴ˣֻΡ
һĻܵʿִҪ
Զ֮½ϣͬһĻ֮ˣҲ׷ŨŨȤǵɽϣõ۴ǰҶ˫Ŀ⾼
ܴʮ㣬ֵڤԴǱˣ˼֪֣λظӣʮ㲻ùˣҲˡ
ݻ壬ʹڣϵɻʣǰ֮Ļ¶΢Ц
ֻʮ㣬ΪǣڤԸЩ°ݲԾ˽䳬Խֻ״γΪԾʱҲָ֮ˣԸ񱾲ãܰԸƣУҲпɡ
ˣڤԼӽѵһ֣֪񴳹ʮ㣬һʳǣҲҪͷ
ݣڣʿǰľӣüͷ
ڤЩˣżʿǰ˵̺
֮أ³˵ھŲ֣Ȼһ٣ԶĮԼĺꡣ
ǺˣֻڣȻ˶Էĵ⡣
ڤǺɫ䣬̺˹°
㣬ôˣ
üͷһ壬һ²˶ԷΪˣȻԼʮ㣬Խ˴˵ꡣ
ΪԾ󣬺Ըߣˡֿڤһۣ˫Ŀ΢ɲһ
Թ°ĸ֮£ԴУݲð˳Խ°֮⣬ѹԳΪԾеĵһˣ˺пܣ£һǹ°֮΢΢һЦȥǺ꣬һΣһֱԶһڡ
ּλ𣬴˷ֹ»Ҫ£ʹ뿪ǵһǰֱڤŵһⱧȭһݡ
ܴʮ㣬ΪԾ۷֮ˣ֣һǰȥѰ㣡¶΢Цһͷ
СѣȼǵõԼôҲȥѰ㣬ȼ֮ʱ̸Ϳɡһ΢Ц¶͡
ŵһٴαȭתڤֱԶϴȥҪ뿪
ãԼѾһˣﵽĿģʮ㣬ǶһЩеķ֮ǵ޷ھ֮³ɹ˲㡣
ʶ˿ʹֹסʮ㣬㹻ĸ߶ˡ
ֵľٶЩʿһĿƶȴʧ
֣ǲڤ𡣡
֪֮Ͼֻʮ㣬ڤǴʮԾһˣ
ڤЩͱˣŻû˿һ㡣
ͱˣҵʿǿߣڤΪµһˣˣֱӽӣЩˡ
֮ݣ˶Ŀһ㣬ˣģ֮ԽԽߣȻǹϵĴҲɿһЩ
üͷһ壬ֻͷɨһЩʿĿ£Щ֮ȻֹתٲȥᣬҪͨ⴫뿪֮ء
ʱȴ˲Ըʹ뿪
ôôѾˣУǺڤĮڡ
ֽŲһ٣һתڤ
ûĳˣҪʹ뿪к£
ûʲô飬ҪȥһǵʮĲ㣬ʧܺ󣬱ˡǺ껺ڣɫй°֮Ũ
Ŵ˻ȻЦٲȥڤһΣ´ɢâʱͻȻǺڤɱһ
̧ȻǴֱһָȥһָ֮£һ޴ָؼûֱǴȥ
֮أųĹ涨ڤȴǺ涨ֱӳ֣
涨涨£Ǻƶʶǳ֣Ҳı仯Ĩɱ涨ȴǺ˸Ҳӣ
Ǿ޴ָûɲǣ֮ܵʿһɫ¶Ȼˡ
֣
ǴµһˣȻΥ˵ع涨
涨Ǵ£ڤôĵӣ
Ǿ޴ָž춯صĺХֱڵֲֶ⴫͹ĹУضʶпʶڴб
㣬ı뿪޷ȥ
Ϊǵ˵棬ɱ֮ǰͬʱǽʮõصĴһ¡
ʹ֣ڳɾͬʱҲ˶֪ڤǿƣڤ֪Ծ֮ɱܲ࣬ǳֻ֣Ҫ̫ҲǿӸ档
һüͷһ壬һԥһ£ûпڣȴһ
ڤôĵӣ֣䣬̧һ˦ʱһЦ·ʿдȴһʿȫȻ⣬Ȼ⣬һ黯֮Ӱȫ֣Ӱ֮ӰŽۣŵ۹ڣɻʣ
ɻʣͨ̧һӣ̻һ֮
ڵ֣͵̧ͷкһ¶ɱ¶ˣȥڤΪȴ˺⣡
ԼﵽĿģʹ˱Էƻ
һΣָХ˲䣬߳Ǵָ߳ǰȻɢƶԷûɱһֻǳһָ


1961 ת
ɻʣǺ⣡˫ĿһǴӵʿɻӰ
⣬ĪҪŭڤҲûˣ̸Υ涨ʿɻʣ΢΢һЦɫȴһֲɣȴǿ·֡
̸ϣû뿪һָ£䴫бضʶΪΥĹ涨Ϊ޳ܣһ˦˫Ŀ˿û˱ܣ
ԴЩˣôɻ΢΢һЦڡ
Ŀɻʣû˵
Ȼûˣһ˵⣬֪㿴дӣҪΪ£Ҳǣʿɻʵͷһۡ
ֻǼ߶ѣŻʶԴʮ㣬ûлԾ𶼺Ѵﵽɻ˵
ɻʣǰ˼仰ķһԾ֮ޣ˿̻һʱ֮أһ籩
л֮£˵ؼ󲿷ԼеԾ𣬶֪ǱΪƾʵһʮ㣬˿̣ɻʵĻȴǱ˾֮
л˾Ȼ޳ܣ
˵ôôܴӵ㴳ʮ㣬ԭ֮ңҲһ㣡
ѹ˿ٵĴһ㣬ԭʵΪֻең˻Բܴﵽһƭǣȴƭ𣡡
Щͱƭˣ֣޳֮ʲôԾһѰ»һϢͿɽɱ
ߣһɣΪûУ֮ȫ㿴ΪΪǿսڣûұΪǹأһССսʿѣ
ѹʮ㣬Ψеһ٣Ǿõ۴ʼղ֣ȻͿ͸˴˵޳ܣм
ʲô֮һ֮ˣƭǣ֪ˣҲŲһ
ʿ˷ŭصԭΪʣ⼵ʱ޴ĲѹƵļɢ˿̣֪һжٺȴ̱
ЩԾʿһɫŹ֣·֡
Ǵ˻ǻܴʮ㣬ҲһЩ¡
û뵽
պգΪԾǿ֮ʱɻʺĵĪɻг𡭡
Щԣ˼򵥣һҲ˹ۿˡ
ֶУֳĬվɫЩ԰ף˿ͬǱĿ֮ǰȣȴһһأ
ɻʵĿڣ׻˿ؼ֮ʱʿۣ΢΢һЦ
ԭǴŻŴʮ㣬˵ΪμȥȥʮĲ㣬ǻʱ䵽ˣ޷װŪȥʶҪȥ
ˣʿûʸҶ࿴һۣɣڤЦһۺ󣬴һ˦
ɨˣ
ʿĿ⣬һſҪ˵Щʲôգȴİֵ֪̾ʿӴ֮峹׵ĳԶˡ
ɻڴ˿˻ЩһˡˣǲҪˣ˵ЩͬȴǷˡһ̾û˵֣Ȼ
ʱȻȺڣͻȻһŮӷŭ̺ȫΪȻ֮ػص
סڣǸʲôּ֪ʮǰûдʱͿһս˵
ǴϻΣⱾ֤֮ͬѣҲ䱾Ϊ
ʮ㣬ӵдʮЩߣһȥսǼʣҲȥûϿɣѶȣΣԺ𣬺壬ʦΪõ۴йأ䱾ΪҲй
仰ﴫܶʱһ
ʼճĬһվڴ⣬ɫ԰ף˵ĿУ̧ͷһԶŭĺ
СһĪҪ˵ҲãԾҲգصмޣ֣ʮǼޣ˺ǧ꣬ҲһʱĴﵽĲΣкãɻҡͷڡ
ʿҪмǣĪҪУ־һӣҪΪ
ĳƺţҲ̫񾳴£˵ôҵһûлãտõ𣬺Ȼ˵
㣬ɻʣ˼Ҽǵ㵱ֻΪѪɻһܲϵļ̳а˼ƺô
ҲһֻҪԺ俪һУ˭˵ʲôɫ䣬ɻʣٴοڡ
Լ˵֪УˣҲһߣ仰Ȼ
ɻ⣬ɫ䡣
ķţȣ⣬ˣܿأҺܾȡӴϻʮѾǼޣ˴ĳƺţʮŲ׾Ϳɴãһô
Ī˵ʮŲˣܴʮ㣬Ϊʥּ֪£֪֮£һˣ
ֻǣô
Ĭ
ɻ΢΢һЦƶ֮ǰĻ˿⣬תһΣӰҪɢӡ
ڤػʹˡ
һ̾תҲҪ뿪֮ء˵ЩʿԼԾҲ׷ȥͷⳡϷѾˡ
ڤɨ·ʼһֱĬ֣ЦһҪȥ
ʱͻȻ̧̾ͷӰҪɢȥɻʡ
ʮôɻʣҿãɫƽڣȴһڷۣһ̣Ȼ磬ֱնȥ
һٶʱǵһŲһ٣ɻüͷһ壬ɢеʵֵӰĿ⿴ȥ
˫Ŀһ̧ͷһӰ
ǣ˿̵ڣ֮ˣȻȫ̧ͷֵӰȥ
Ҫʲô
ĪҪȥĻѾǼˣʲôȥ
ڤֵӰȻһľֲ֮С
ͬʱ֮⣬ǵɽϵľõ۴𣬸һ֮УȻվֱĶǰҶ
֮ǰһУĶɻʵĻҲΪͬ˿ֵ̿ľٶкȻ¶˺Ĳ졣
ӣƾʲôȥ
Ƕڣ˿ʿߣ˫Ӵˣˣֻصǿ֮ǰֱǧָһĻǷŭ˿̿Ӱɳֱڴ
֣˫Ӵ󣬱ĥ̰ǣĿǾӣһƬհס


1962 ˭
һ̣֮أӰϾԸˣʮͿɣɻʵĳ뻰ȴбһŭ
ŭ֤֮ǰĲ²⣬ʳһУΪΣգ
ɻʣҪֵƣûдȥˣҲ޷䴳ʮһԴ
ķʽֱӣȴΪЧ
Ի֮ʱһǧɣĿ۷壬ǧָǿҵķֿӣҲ֮ˣĻһ˵ĿģͳΪһ־磬ûдﵽЧԼ½Զ
飬ɻʣҲҪ֮һ
ʮ㣬ãȻǶΪʮǾͷôҽգҪ׵һѣ׵ıһΣɻʣ˱ɣɼѪڴڵ޳ܣ
ѹǶ·ӡ֮ˣɢԹ˵ƾɵĻ¶⣬ٶ֮죬˲ͳ嵽ʮ㣬һ֮£ӰֱʮĲȥ
ǵʮĲ㣬ֽҪ̤һɲǣһ٣ͷһ·
ɻʣ˫ۣĳϸã
ɻߵڤ̺ȵɻʣȴɫ糣΢΢һЦ
ڿܷ񴳹ʮ㣡ֻ˫Ŀͫףȴ΢ɲһ¡
ЦȻ˺Ƥ޹˼ɣԽˣһ´ԼȴʳǣԽǰȫ
ŲһȻ̤ʮĲ㣡
ʱ䲻࣬ȻѡһˣôһΣҪеķԻΪ壡ӰʧʮĲ
ֽʮĲ·ʿһƬž⼱ı仯˿ѹڷ֪ǴŴʮ㡣
ʮĲ㣬ԾУΨڤ΢𴳹֣֮޷
֮ˣ߳ŭƴȥ˰ɡ
˼飬νתʮһ㣬˺ܶ仯֪ı仯ֻء
ˣˣ޷Ѿʱȥƾʲôȥ
ʿĿգһĶ֣ĮΪģǼʮԾʿ˿ͬգ˼Բͬ󲿷֣϶ֽʧܣ϶µľٶ޷
ǵһĻüͷҲΪֿԴʮĲ㡣
Բᣬɻʼ仰ƴ޷ҪȥӲӣֵ
ڤЦϣı飬ֻһյ˫Ŀڣȴһ˿ɵԼҲ֪ΪΣܸов
ԵɻʣĬɫƽȷʵЩɡ
Ҷ˽⣬аգٻˡʮĲ㣬ûлѴĻ֮ǰҲѡȥˡ
ͽȻȡѣ
ɻͷʱϣȥ˾ϢһɲǣͽȻĻڣȻ˴ĿĽ⣡
⣬ǴǵʮĲڱ͸ְ˷
⣬ΪĿ·ʿУǴǵڣ
ϢܣʮôãôܻѵĵʮĲ㣬Ϣ͹
ˣѾ޷ʹôûлֻдΪô
Īǻ
ǵһһ㶣һΣȻֱĻȥĿǵʮĲâɣ
ȻʮĲ㣡ڤɱŨĶա
޷ʮĲѡɻʿһĻͫٴ˫ۡ
ĻϣʮĲ㹬Ӱûû˿ͣЪϢһ֮£Ȼֱʮȥ
Ӱǽнʮ·Ⱥ˾ҵ
ϢʮĲٴʮ㣬ѵ֮ǰ⣡
лܴʮ㣬ҲǼΪˣ
ǵһĻԭĴ㣬ͻȻ
һϢϢϢ̤ʮĵھϢʱʮ㣬Ȼٴα˶ĿĽ⣡
⴩͸ܼɢǽĳ֣һ޴İƣݺݵɻʵϣɻ͵˫Ŀ¶˺𾪣
ǵһ˫۱˾⡣
ӣǶˣӵбڤ𻹿µǱǻҲʵһ֣뻻ˣ㴩ͬĻ˭˵Դʮ㣡
ɫƽȴ¶΢Ц˫Ŀ֮ͣǰϧɻʶԳ֣ʵϾΪ˶һѣһĳɣֱضģûѡԼһһΪҲһԵ
ʮ㡭ʮ㡭ڤɱ죬ĸ߰޷鷢ȻһΣȻֱĻȥ
һĻ˿Щʿһʱ˾
ǾϢһ㣬֣֮ǰ
ӵдΪҵȿĥ֮ǰʵԸ̫ͷɻƣȥ
ˣɻһЩΪ֪أʶ֮ǰҪ˻
ͬ˼Ծʿ˿̵ǣû֮ǰֵıģеģֻǸУڵľ壡
ʹʲôֶΣܴʮ㣬ʵ
ȺеĺһĻ¶ЦݣĻ֪ԼԷԽԽ㣬ֻȺգǺܿġ
ڤӰķɳΪⳡһµĸ߶ȣӰХ˲ֱĻȥִӵʮ߳ʮɲǣͬʱ̤ʮ
֮أһֻһȥʶͬʱ룬ȴ˴˸Եȥ
ʮδнɢ·ʮ㣬Ͼɢһν⡣
ڤ֣ͬʱȥʮ㣬ˣ˭ܳɹһĿ⾼ĻҲڴ
Ͼˣһǳ꣬һǸոһ˶𣬶ͬʱʮ㣬ΪĴ£
Ҳɫ֮أһһҪѣʮ㣬ڤ괳Σȫʧܡ
ɻԶɫΪݣŸոճڵĻ㱻俪εһƣ˿̿յ˫Ŀڣ˺⡣
ʱţת۾ǾϢھϢɲǣδֹâʮȻ˶ĿĽ⣡
⣬ǵʮ㰡ʮ㾹ҲˣԾУʮģ֮ǰҲһҲûУ
˭Ƕ˭ˣ
Ϣض֣
һڤ꣬ûаգȥҿһڤ𣡡
һ⡢ɻʣȫȥҲ֪˭
ŵĿĻܿ죬˫۾¶ϲ
ȴʮ⣬Ӱһ߳ɫв԰ףûȥʮ߲㣬վŴƵȴڤ
һĻһ˫Ŀ͵֮⣬ɻʣɫ仯޷š
Ī˵ǣǵɽϵľõ۴𣬴˿Ҳǵ


1963 ͣ
·ʿһƬžһı仯Ȼû˾ֻĻϣģĵʮ⣬һģİӰ
ж֮ǰһж䲻ľ棬ǬתȫĸıһɵԴ˼ھԵʵǰΪĻ֮ƣɨ㲻
ɻʼ˵˵ô־жȥˣʮĲ㣬ļޣ
ǧָûпڱһ䣬ֻӰһȥʮĲ㣬ʮ㣬һûдĵʮ㣡
һĻҪҪ죡
ȫ·Ŀ⣬ɫƽ˿ֻǱ˫ĿվǽУɣڵڤ
ϣһĻȻһʦƣп֮ޣΪ֮ľ
ʱţһϢһϢתۼ䣬ȥһ֮ãʮ⣬ɻһվУڤ
ֱֹ˰Ȿͱֵʮ㣬ٴɢ˽âǽâ£ڤЦ
Ц̺˷ܵô꣬ڽ죬ʮ㣡һΣȻûǰ¶˺µӰ
ʮ㣬ڤգʮ㣡ԾУ˭ȣҪлóƭʿǡ
Ļﻹû˵꣬Ȼһ٣Ϊ̫û˿ʮĺȲ뾪·ʿĬĿУ͸ӡ
̫ˡֻڡ
㡭㴳ʮ㣿ڤɫ̲԰ףĶ֣˫Ŀ¶Ũɱ˱ҪǿҲͰˣԾУһҪǵһ
£ʮ㱾õõĻȴıǰߣҿԷӣȻԼʱҪ̺ܶࡣ
ֱ仯ڤ߳ŭ°ģ޷飡
ôƽɫ任ڤƽ˵Խǲ⣬ڤԽ޷ܣ֣˫ĿҪŭ
ˣ治֪޵ΪĹ°֮йأԽԽɴֱ̼ԽʹУŤ֮ڡ
繭һԽ򱬷ǱԽǿ͵ĹգҲҪֿۣڤһۣ֮ǰ裬ǣһرŹˡ
οڤɻ֮ˣˣҲǶɻʷ֮һǿĻػ
Ҫڤ𣬾ҪȫĴģöԷԼһͬȥʮ߲㣬ٴκݺݵؼ̤߰׵ԶѹԼ֮£
繭ԽǱԽ󣬿һ˼ޣ̸ʲôǱǻ۶ϣĺݣԽᣬڤݻ٣
ȻƤ˺ƣô˺ĸһЩЦ¶ɨڤһۡ
ڤսȭͷ
ڤ뱾ػʹʱ·ɻʣɫƽĿڣ˵֮Ŀ¶ͣ֡
ã֮Уնһǿߣ֣֮ǰᣬصʳǺּ£
ҵһԼʳǣȥ꣬ǡΪԾ𣬴±㲢һµԾ𣬻嶼Ҫ⣬Ϊ䣬壬ΪԽУɻ΢΢һЦû˿ŭЦ紺һ㣬пʿһƱӰ죬ͷȭһݡ
ɻˡɫƽڡ
޷ڤߣɻʺЦУȻڤһͺ֮£ڤͬһɫķŭȻʧǻһƬƽվ֣һ˲䣬Ҳ˿ŭ
ĿһۣһΣ·ȥ
üͷһ壬ڤ𾹰ǻŭȫͬ޷ܵĽҲѹƣһһô˻ȥĵпܻͻƣ
ֿԲʢŭ֮µڤ𣬵ʢŭ֮ͻȻĬƽĶԷȴָܵһ˿Σա
ôˡֲɫ䡣
ɻŴ˻üͷ΢ɲһ壬ڤƲţûлͷɻȥ
ԭڤʧȥһʮ߲ûôֿڤͷûأֹı仯ܵܳΪԾһˣżȻ
ԽˣԽҪ
֣Ǻ⣡ɻ˫Ŀ¶ѹ֮â֡
ڤŲһ٣ĬһϢƱ˫һϢ֮ٴƽûаٽɻʡ
ֻһʮ߲㣬ʧܺ󣬴ȥ΢΢һЦЦڤУдʹ
仰֮ǰ˵
м٣ڤŲٴһ٣ŭȼգ޷ܣʱɻʴһ˦Ȼһ֮ڤ˦ǹϵĴ
ػʹȥ
ڤǿתͷ֮⣬˫ĿѪ˿ɻ˦֮ƶУ˲ǹϴ󣬴âһҪʼת
˫ĿһöԷˣתɲǣֺȻ̧ǹϵĴȻһָ
һָ֮£ȻоʮŵӰûһγһ޴ָӰھĺХ£ֱǴȥ
ɻɫһŭҪ֣ʱһЦŲǰһ򵥵һȥȴɻһ١
˶Ǵһɲǣ໥һض֡ôһ飬ȴõľ޴ָХٽ
Ǵڵڤ͵̧ͷһͺ˿ڴ֮䣬޷֣ҧ֮һΣȻ߳˴߳һɲǣ޴ָǰɢͬһָ
һĻȻ֮ǰڤʩչһһ
֣߳ڤ͵̧ͷĶ֣ŭѹƣȻҪ
֣ôĵӣΥ涨֣գ˵ñҪסɻȻû뵽־ҳ֡
ŶôôûˣΥһ˵΢΢һЦĻ֮ǰɻ֮ԣ
ɻʻһ٣ҪڣȴǱ죬ѹƷŭڤصء
ԭѾû˸߰˵Ϊμȥȥʮ߲㣬ǲˣҲʧȥֻһʬ⣬һжҪɻʰţߣ㲻ҲߣʶҪȥ
ˣʿûʸҶ࿴һۣɣִһ˦֮⣬κα絶һڤ
ɨˣһ仰ڤҲ޷ѹƣ˲ͷһһֱĻȥ
֣ҹʮ߲㣡
ãֹһЦڤ𼸺ͬʱ̤ʮ߲
ɻҪֹȴס
棬ԾıԣҵȾĪҪԤˡ


1964 µһˣ
ڤңĪҪһûͶ뿪ˡڶ˽ʮ߲ɲǣֻڡ
仰Ϊڤض޷ȹ˲㣬·Ҳڤʧܺȥ仰ضӰģպħ
ûȥǵȴȥô˵ħһֳɹɶɼĴִۣͬ
˻˵꣬Ӱͬʱʧʮ߲ڡ
仰ԾԶֻģ˵صȴ
ǵһ˫ĿһƵһʶһ㣬ĵʮ߲ɫ¶ء
ֺĻ
ҲĿһĻǽ¶΢Ц
ٵڤ֮⣬ܼᣡ
ɻʣɫΪһ˦ƲԸȥһĻתʿϵӰɢ뿪֮ء
ݵĻʳǴڣ˿̴һЦ
ͬݣɽ֮ϣǾõ۴ȻվӣҶɫΪ࣬˫ĿУ¶֮â
Ǹڵ򼫸ߣսǷѵõĻããӾǼߣǱڤҪӡ
֮أڤʮ߲ĺ󣬵ϢչͻȻӵʮ߲ڣһӰѪںȻ
Ӱֱ⣬ͣǺڤɫΪ԰ףӰͣٺٴһѪһμ䣬վӡ
˫ۻɢͬûһ㣬ʮ߲Ĭ
ʧˡ
Ǹһȥʧ˵ЦУûеͷȥ·ȴԸܵ·ʿһĿ⣬絶һһѪյ˿ڡ
ʱţϢϢϢֱȥ˽ʱ䡣
ڤ˫ۣһϢϢļ尾£ûȥʮ߲ԳֵӰ
ʱԽãԽŨ󣬼ﵽ۷һ㣬Ϊ˿Ψһ
ûгɹҲضɹҲûұ㲻䣡ֵȴļ尾Ժɱһʿڤ˿ͷɢ˫ĿѪ˿Ķš
ʱٴţ㡢һ㡭ܿ죬ǰʱ
ִδһУ֮ͣãʮ߲㣬ȴˣŵİʱڤ𽥽ģʹ»ϣһ
ʱԽʾѶȾԽôɹĿܾԽС֣ض޷ɹɹܳɹڤȫȫľ˫Ŀڣʮ߲
ϣһϣǱƣô᳹һֱȫѹƵľ
ɹɹ
ʱ̫ã·ĬʿҲһ׷˲²⡣
ǵһҲüͷ𣬿ǵʮ߲㣬˳ɡ̶̵һʱ䣬Ѿα仯飬ϳ֣˿̣ȴǴˡ
һʮŲ㣬ʮ㣬ʮ߲㣬ûܴҲ˵ĴڡһĴʮ߲㣬ôǾõ۴ҲΪ֮ᣡ
ѵһڤ𣬱֮£𻹺ã޷ȴǡıˡ
һԵҲиӣʮ߲ڵһЩġ
֮ǰݰɴСǧָ֮ʱһڰһͬ£ضѡң
ǵһ֮ǰԥԸйأԸҲֻһЩ߶ѣǿߣ佾޶ݣ棡
Ĵʮ߲㣬Ǿңѽ⣬а˳ɿܣΪպĴˣ
ݻʳǹڣ˿һƬţеֻһɰѹ޾ŭУɻϣǰ֮Ļɫ԰׵ڤɻ˫Ŀ¶֮ɫ
ҵȷӦʦ֮ԣֽɱˣȴҴݣԼֻȥɱЩСҸɳĻᣬұΪһж֮ڣ
ôɳһ˻ʳǣһɣͿɽĨȥǣ͵ʦ
ȴû뵽񾹳ɳȵز༸ע⡭Ҫȥึڤɻ֮ĻУȴ¶뻰Ʋ΢Ц
ʮ߲㣬ضõϼһע⣬һõɻʱ˫ۡ
ôʱ䣬޷
ҵϣܹȥȻݺݵشڤɻ˫ۣǹ΢ЦŨ
ڤɲҪñʧΪ㣬ô࡭ֵĳɳ
ݣɽϣǾõ۴ҶĿ¶˼ͬʱƺԵһ⡣
ʮ߲㣬ɾĺպҪǡӲ淴ӳսս壬ȻΪ˴µһˡǴ֣ƶӵ
ҪĴۣҵϣʮ߲㡣õ۳УҶĿ⣬һ˸ӡ
֮أ⣬˶ǵʮ߲㣬ڴԸִ˼֮Уֹȥһʱ䡣
ôû˿Ϣʹڤɫٲ԰ףŨϣģϣﵽ˶壬Ʊ״ָ̬һɲǣ׻ҵĲ
Ϊǵʮ߲ϣһ˲䣬ͻȻ˶ĿĽ⣡
ɢ˵˫ĿڣǽУ߳һӰһͷ׷£ͬһ㡣
һֵ߳˫ĿڤһۣĿУȫϣױڤߣһ߹
ӣ
ûȥʮ˲㣬һ³ڵһǰһ٣ȭ֮󣬿һۣ漴һ磬ԶϵĴ󷨹â˸ȥ
ȥʱתһȺڣǽ֮ˣ¶΢Ц˵ͷ
ʮ߲㡭ڤУһѪѪ֮ǰѪһԪϾ
ѪһԪ֮ɢڤˣٴʧȥһ㣬ͷĽˡ
ĵǱĻ𣬲ЦУڤĬĬȥ
˿̣Ѿȥڤ֮أ˺󣬺Ȼǰδеľ
µһˣ֣
ԾƱ仯һˣ
Ӵ֮ϣٶһλǿ֮ޣԾһˣǿߣ
Ա֮ΪδпܳΪ֮ޣ


1965 ô
ȥˣ֮أȴ˸йִһĻĻ˶˼Բͬ
ͬģؼס֣ȡڤ𣬳Ϊµһ˵֣
׷Ծ
һйػ֮£ĬĬطĵףûʱҲףҲлҲܴʮ߲㣡
ֵȥ֮أȻһصˣʿĿ˴ºһ׷ȥ
һĬĬȥ֣˫¶⣬һΣ˲Ϣ뿪Ҫ̳ȥѰڣ¸ٶĴۣҲҪ£
ⰵ̾һִʮ߲ף˵ȵڤ𣬸ѣ
֮ǰԵûɹպϵҲҪúܶࡣУӰʧԭء
ݻʳڣǻʹдһȴ⹬ڵΣɻһ顣
Աߣڤϥ˫ۣĿ񣬵ͷ
ڤҴȥ֮رչصĻᣬ˷裬ܷϴˢҪԼˣӦʳǣܽɱ¾㻹Ծеһˣ
һΣڤûǰԥĬĬĵͷ
ݣɽ֮ϣǾõ۴˿վӣĿҶջأ֮˫ۣ¶һ˿â
ڤûɻйڣôҿһΣ˭ȥõ۴תͷһ˫۵ĺ𣬹һЦ
ӣΪʦһȥΪʦΪͽΪʦֿɺã
һ̾ϲ
ݣڣʿ˫ð⣬૲ϡ
ʮ߲㣬˾ʮ߲㣬ضСڣǿߣҪϿλãȥ
СŮգգۣվӣ˻һɷ磬ȻʧʯڣǸһʧǾϲ̰һֻС֡
ѽǴСˣСǹԣģ㷽űֲͺһȥɡ
̰Сһץסӣʧʯڡ
ʥޣȥǰѡչصĶУϥԶС˺ܶ࣬ſţĴϵ⺣ţʱḧʱһץ¡
Ǻ˫ۣӣߺ߼Ť
ٺ٣ôɣҽүڶרѧգһר޵˺ܾõʱоһװĦַ찴ĦĻѪ٣ǿԲһƮƮɣĿأססҪûأ
Ҫ̲סҿɲŪˣͷȴֳۣ˴ʱ󣬴Ŵһԡ
̵ģˣˣҶǺҸŪˣˣ뿴Ǻһۡ
ǺϴβǺ˵ôһϵĵطһͨűˡ
ǺԥĿ뼸ۣһŤЩԸı飬˫ۣ͸ŭ⡣
ι㽲Ҹ㣬ҪǲźҽүԺ󲻸㰴Ħˣ໥ģôҿɸ㣬иһرر𻵣ҪǲϣԺҪˣҪСˡ¶ɵǺڡ
Ǻ˰죬ɫ¶ŭȻ벻֪ʲôһǸΪֲļһרϲ۸˼룬ƱǱĬģǴδǲϲ
֮ſ죬һԪ֮ʮ㣬絽Ϻ̱գ˵⣬֮£æ
ߺߣҽͷԵ̫ƭˣΪӺܿ죬Һ֦ͬŭСӣֺ󣬲ʰ⺣ÿСӣţ
У˫ۣĿھһڿ뺣һĻȴһ¡
üͷһ壬ּǺԸˣҲûᡣ
֮Ǻһ꣬ſ
ɣȫ˺ԪϢվӣһۡ
ˣˡ
뱻Ŀɨ̺ȫ˼գգۣ¶Σæ
ˣ˵ȥǾȥģǸɶʱȥ
Աߵĺӣһ֣ʱ˫¶ŭ⣬ؼס֣רϲ۸ļһ֮ǡ
пҪܿȥˣܷҵͿ˴˵컯ˡִһ˦̰ǺߣһΣ߳ⶴһɽĶվӭɽ磬Ʈ̧ͷա
˭һءૡһˣΪһĻ
Ҳ˵ڽŭ֮ʱԶݵĻʳУһˣ಼ӣһС˵־ɫߣȻ˸
ʳΪĻʶռؼԶԶһͬһޣĳǳأǷ˿޽ɣˣȥ޽пɡ
˳֮ޱ޼ʣȫԿһޣ
ǳǳضһƬΪĽֵϣһŻ꣬ߴҡڣһ⣬ʮÿһȻǵܡΪ˵ģһۻȻǽΪ
ЩȫӣĬĸںһ·Բ
ߣǸˣ֮һǸ꣬ɫ߰ȴ볣ЩͬƼһ㡣
һˣһ꣬źɫһС˵־ӣ˿߰˸
ϣôˣĪҹﱻ紵ɣһ·ϣˡǸ߰񣬼Ϊ̶
ޣвŮСһүүˬȥˣôҪһȥаһ𡣡۾һɣһɷӡ
ߣ޳֮ͽ۾һ
޳ܣүү޳ˣôģҪСˣȥ㷿ú޳һ£ٺ٣ҪСŶ겻´һ꣬¶Ц
Ҫˣ쳳û꣬С죬ȥţҵ֪һ±̵ģ۸ң
㣬С࣬ǵüʶҸ磬ҸѵǣǰǴŻ꣬һָָԶһʨԵĸۡ
ǸۡΪӴԶԶȥһѹŹţûκλϣһңдɫĴ֣

ֺ͸һɾļ֮С
ϣ꾫һϲֺٻ飬첽߳Ǵźݺݵһߡ
һȴ˿δ⣬֪
߾ˣүүˣ쿪ӭͣ
ǻŴ˻̹Цɫ˷ܣ˵
ôôѧŵ㣬֪Ϊʲô˰ɣӭͣõĺð


1966 
ݣʥޡ
һѰɽ֮ϣĬĬվ˫̧֣ͷƣߴ½ǵͬʱȴ޷׷Ʈɢ
˫Ŀǿһ㣬͸һ䣬ӰͦΣǷеĲɣƮ
ɽߣľǷҶʵķ磬һľ
վɽɫƽû򴳹ʮ߲˿߰Ҳûضдǰ˿ͬڶ֮ʱ졣
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãǻƻ֮ɽ֮ʱվĿĻͻȻ֮ɫ䣬бڰڸǵİٴ¶ȴǺɫϣȻһֽ
ǽƾճ֣ɢĿĹâȻҹӳգʹôȫΪ˰һ㣬ǽ޾ɢƾּһǽڣ߳һӰ
һۣһͷڷֻһ꣬òΪӢһ𣬵һǰ
ŵһӰĻûȻֹ粻ﲻֵҲɲһ
ͬأ˿̱α⣡
Ψһܶģֻǵһһӽ߳ǰʮ⣬Ưڰգͷ֡
Ŀϵһ˲䣬ͻȻܵգȻֵ֮ļΪͻȻǵһ˫Ŀһ
ֻܵޣƾճϸܵѷ죬ͬ˱Ǳ˱ļ
˲Ϣ̵ֱ֮Ȼ޷УĴ̧ͷǵһ
һĻǵһ˫Ŀʱһ˿û뵽־ȻԼǿﲻѹ£ôͻָ硣
Ҫ֪˿̣һ֮壬Ҳı
ǿԴʮ߲Ծһˣڱѹ»ָԳ֮Ϊǿߣ
֣汾𣬱ŵߣҲ࣬㲻࣡һ΢΢һЦʱйֵ뷨
ֳĬŵһȭһݡ
ǵһüͷ΢΢𣬵ܿչ֣һڣ󣬸ûܻصÿһ֣ƶ˷ʹط仰
Ǳһ𿪿У̧ȴʳָһָָɢ⣬ָϷɳڰպȻ󣬻һԼɴСĹ⻷
˻õ̫񾳵Ĳϣķʮʱ䣬ӣǱģµ֮ûңҪƿҲķۣ
ɹ⻷˫Ŀоһ˻ΪĿ⿴ȥ޷͸ĴڣƬأõġϴѹһԴĴ
Ŀеľ⣬һһӣ̱һϣɫޣ֮㡣
ΪڣñԴͬʱڸ̺˱ĵĵ͸ûлԵΪҲ޽ӽ
ֵɲǣ˫ĿȻ㣬ڱԴһɼڱԴİԽһ֮
ܽںϣֵĺôض
һʼֵɫ¶΢Цֵ˽⣬ô˿еģЩ﷨֮࣬Щǿʶ˷Ǵ⣬ҪԷˣ
˵пޣԴ˻ֵĹΪ㣬Ҳֲ֪Ѱ֮ޣֻԼǰһóһЩıܿڽУ¡
⣬һһ˵˻Ҳʹ˵Ҳû̫ĥ͸
һ˦Ȼǰһ޴УڣһȭͷСͷǣķɳͷǱĹһ֣һɾȻɢ
ɨأȻһ̵ľֹܣֱӱʹڻָжͬʱȴմȾ
ͷ­ǳˣһӤ֮ǣ
ǵ̫񾳣ںܾ֮ǰ뿪½ȥ֮ʱһƯҵ
ﱻߺƯĴأɢ̺һ˿ҿ׵ָоܽգͻƴľޣΪһĴڡ
ֻл֮Եȴû֮ݣкܾáң㣡һ¶ϣΪ֣ȷһĴۡ
Ӥ֮ͷǣͷǣ͸ȴ˵ĸоƴϤϤƱڣȴôҲ벻𣬵׺ʱ
ɫ¶֮ڡ
лһ𣬵£ҿǣ
һüͷ΢΢һ壬֣ĵ˵ͷ
ҲգΪ߳˱⣬ض𣬶࿼һЩҲ
һ䣬ͻȻⱻֵأͻȻ⴫һͺף侪УȴܵȻ
ϣƻصУ߳һˣ
ӸߴûͷһֲһŲ£صǰ޷ֹ
߲߳Ʊˣ˿ͷ󺺣һΪԵսɣŽŲ
߲ȻԣǵһƯղͬ󺺣һ̤ɽ֮ʯϡ
֮أĳġ˫ֱȭǹͷһݡ
һЦͬףղ
޷ұͿɻʲ˳ֱۣԶѣǴһĲͬһڱտڣǱ𣬵һֺˬĸо
ĿģضµȲ˵һþƣƽɲˣȲȣ̧һ䣬̳һɫĺ«Ц֡
΢΢һЦ̧һץǺ«ʱ𣬱һץУߣһڡ
ãǷңݱʱ֣Цʱ̧ͷǰеĵһһۡ
һԾж𶼿أб˴˵Լֻһ˵Ļᣬĺô˵ꣿ˵ţĿһɨֱָӺԣΨͷϣɫһ
ЩֻóЩұ㿪ˡ
⻰䣬Ŀ⿴һ
Ŵ˻һйضͬʱ֮£ͲԻＷҵһ棬⡣
Ҫôֿһۡ


1967 С֣
һһǣȻ⻰ڵǱں壬˿Ǿʹ˷ȴЩᡣ
ˡӦһŶԡ˿ҲԽжϡһ֮ԵһΪ֮ǰӦǵһֵĴãԷ֮Լ²ļ׼һЩ棬һٽ塣
ȴû뵽˻
Ȼû꣬һƷδóһ¶ϣ̧͵ȭȭɲǣȫ̾˲ƽ󣬵һſƣȴڣȻһʵˮƯ
֣Ǳڣˣ㲻аֻǵڱϡ
ڣ˭Ҷ㣬ҵһΪУһļΪʹĵˣܲóͲóȴԴǣòȡΪصĳ룡
һ˫Ŀأǵһһۺֿ֡
𣬺ٻóֵڣȷԱƽȰ㣬ȵȾõ۴𡣡
⣡ĪԼװˣԴ˽Եɣһͺһ
ΣЦȷ˼˼ֿϸԼԼضԷûи棬ԼֿⷬɽԵһʯ߶кô
ǲֻ֪óʲôһƣλһԷˣԼҲʵ˵̫ࡣ
Ҹĺôû̫࣬ڣҲû컯ɫƽʱĿ⿴֣˫ĿһƬ峺ϡ
ң㲻ҵ£ҴʦΪӣҵʦܣΪͬλһ
еģ㶼УܸģΨһ֣Ϊشˣã˳Ϊļʼߣˣĳŵ
Ļǵһһ㶣Ĭȷ֮ǰЩҪ̫̫ࡣ
һç򣬴˵Ϊ㣬ȴԶûдﵽҪ۵ĳ̶ȣҵĵѾΪļˣ
Ȼ˺ģִۣȥĴܳΪ
λƽȡʦͽǵڤڤҲἫΪĶпܲɻʣǳΪʦܣ
һӦô̫࣡
û뵽⣬˵˻ɫϣȻⷬ˵Ǿ˼
˵֮٣Ѫģ֣һһֿڡ
˲ɣһһԣɫΪ޷š
ɫЩӣ⣬ĬĴ㳤õ壬ôĻõѡ񣬵
л񰮡£ĳٿһ¡ְ̾Ⱨȭ
ûйϵõ۴Ϊҵ֮ǿߣõ̾һۺ΢Цڡ
ˡ
⻰䣬ĻϳһƬ⣬ǲڣ߳ӰǺʦ
֣͸ϲã֮һվߡ
һʧôãһ־ȥȻʮ߲㣡֣Ŀеϲá
Ҷѡֺܽһû˺վǵãڣԼǧָʱӵĻ
˵㻹ǵҺ˵ĵɽôһȥҶô֣ڡ
ԥһ£İ̾ǰŮӡ
ȥġ
ôҧ´
ֳĬͣܿӻеĺ壬Ůӻûֶ飬ȻѾ˺øС
ĺøУջתΪһС
ֻ飬ֲȥȥˣöԷ綴ǼŮһձ˲֡
ֵĳĬúҲ̾ϣȴ¶΢Ц̧һġ
㰡ֻȥɽ˳ܼ˫Ůʶߣȥˣұȥ
ֿЦ
ӣҪ֣ϣõ۴Ǹӣ˿ɫȴ࣬ϣ˿ִϣ˿̼Ҳɺƽ
֣ϷΪӣͬ⣿õ۴ͬһʱ֮ˣô˵û˿д󣬼⣬һҲûаΡ
ͬ⣬ϷԶŵ̫񾳿ʱڣȫ㣬Ϊ𣡡ĳŵУ˵Ĳ࣬ҪĴۣΨд֪
Ҳڤ˵ڤȴ֪ɻʲô£ûѡõۡ
ҵİ£̫񾳿ʱΪļʣңΪҵĵӣôɻʣҲҶ֣
ʲôڣϷڣ԰ȫ
УȥĶ٣Ψ˫ӿϷȽϣ˫ת󣬳⣬ٴηֿʱ״̬Ϊ
Ϸõѡ񣡡õ۴𻺻ڡ
Ŵ˵أһ⣬õ۴ˣÿ˿һһƽȣõ۵ı֤
㳤壬ôѡõۣΪףѡ⣬Ҳ绽ꡣΨһ־ѡ񣬱Ͼ֪ʦйӣ߲ڶлá
һҲѡ󣬲Ǹ֮ߣǼҲΪĶֻɻҪֵĻܷ֣ϡ
õΪǿ𡭡ͬģҲݣһ֮УĪıϣֳУžõ۴һȭҪڡ
ʱͻȻǾõ͵̧ͷţһ׷̧ͷɫءȴϣХ˲Ϣٽ
С֣ѽ㰡һ󻶿Цϴȴڣ˫Ӵǹ
ЦУǽ޵СŮһΣֵԣ˫֣תһȦ
С֣㻹ǵô
С֣㻹ǵôһǽСŮվһץһ˫ʿʿһӡ
ǱԱߣɿֺһӵʿ
̰ǡ
ѣþò̰˵ţȦš
ˣͷˣͷǶ߰ɣС֣ǵˣǽ޵СŮ̧װһӣһһָȥ
ԣǵˣ˭ҪǸҲߺߡҿɴ㣡ǽСŮһҪ˵ӣ̧֣Ȼ
һĻתֲɵһ¡
ǹ𣬴˿˺󼸲һЦΪ˿̸ͲβϻֻܿСȥڡ


1968 ٵģٵġ
СŮһüͷɫأ˶Էڵĺ壬ƺʶ֣һһԷϤʿ
õۿЦСŮԲȥᣬֿڡ
֣Ϸѡ񣡡
ѽͷҲ
ͷҼǵ㣬Ǵ򲻹ǣСŮһõ۴ʱ۾
˫ӣתѣôӣ˴ʮ߲㣬ȻҵȶȻҪһ˵ѡ㡭õ۴üͷ仰ﻹû˵꣬СŮʱһԾȥ
Ǵǣǽ޵СŮĹĵĿУȴӰڰصһɾϢȻ
СŮͬʱ˫̧ǰӳһԲȦĽԲȦںȻɢγһɫ̫
̫ĹâɲǼȡصһ֮⣬ǽӰڣ˿
ǹâڴȴǵһ𣬵һɫ¶ŭȴûлͷǻһ磬ֱԶȥ
ڶɳģһЦӴӽ˸ˣ̾һʧӰ
޷ĺͯ½ϣȥչ֮⡭Ҫ
ɳģǾõ۴üͷ˳󣬴һ˦ؼĽɢ
֣ϷڵɽȴĻظУõ۴ҲΪΣ̧ȥһץ̾ʹǺʧڡ
һжɲǼ䷢ת£˫ӺƷľٶ£òߡ
ֱɢСŮһƮڰա
ߣС£ʹþ֮ǲŲ£
֪ǲӲƴ˰ɣ
ǹʿæǰϽ̾
˫Ӵ㣬ʵڲ˵̫֮Ļ˿Ҳ׹;ʧʱСһںĸз
֪ˣⷽͬˣһ˶ܡ
䣬ʿεĿֱ֣ȭһݡ
¼׷Ծ𣬴¡ʵΪ֮٣ǰպգиѡ񣬵˫Ӵͬͯǰϸ棬ضǰ
ǰһҪ󣬵ض㡣ǹʿһݲ
ֳĬһԱ߿̰ǣĿ¶˼ûпڡ
С£˵ôﰡС֣ûˣڣ㣬ǽСŮ죬һۡ
һ۰׹ȥʹСŮǿɰֿſţԺиֳСʱӡ
С֣ҿɸ㰡ȹ㣡ǲǵãǲǵãߺߣҪĻҿɴ˰ԱߵޣŴ۾һĹĵӡ
ֿЦǰĹ£ɫΪΣҲ֪ûһԾ𣬻ᱻĴԷЩһǸĺô
ǰҪڻ⡣
ʱǽСŮһֱƮ£վǰ̧ͷʹ֣̫СƾЩԣӸ𣬸߳һͷŵ̧֣գ˫ۣв
С֣ͬ⣬Ҵ˰һҰְִ㣡˵Ұְֿˣʲô棬һָдһ֣ˡ
һ㶡
ٵģٵġһСڰ⻰˵˿˲æִ
ӡ˫Ӵ˵ת丸ףʧȥһתļ䣬Сʱңѹͺ˵ģǰĪҪ⡭
ףС£ڴʲôأԱߵޣ¶ȤɫҪȥɹʿټ죬Ȼ
ߣС°㲻ҰְҲҰְ㣡ɫ⣬ǰڹʿͷһ¡
ֿЦСŮ̾һȻãļСŮеĸо
ǡĿһɨһԱߵ̰ǡ
֮ǰȴǺһ⣡ʦ޵Ϊ޷߳磬ֻܱתѣңʦҲҪķһĴۣſ߳
̰Ϊߣȴ˫Ӵ磬ƲĿСŮɨǰСŮǵӣΪɰ
ת˫Ӵ𣬶ͨûгǰضǿĴ𣬾ǲ֪붫ٴȽϣΡ
ҪǣҺ˫Ӵڣһط붴ͨ
ιС֣㵹˵Ҫٲ˵ҿҰְִ˰ǺĹĵ֡
ٴοЦǹУ˵ͷ
ðɣԸ׷˫Ӵ𣡡
ֵĻشǰĺ֣ɫΪӡ
˵ãˣҰְִˡ
ԱߵޣҲǸ˿̼Ȼûˣźܵ¶־̰Աߡ
СǣֲãҲԸС컨˵С컨
ɣ˵ޡ
ɣҾһЩ
ûСṴ̋Լ½ҵ֣Щţ־Ȼôͬˡ
ܺȴ֮ǰһԼõֿۣضǼΪˣһʿĶ
ǰ㡭ºȻЩûʧ
һҪ޷˫Ӵ̫ãҪȥһݣ˺󡭡ҪѡԱչأ¡
ʱǲдҳ֣Ҫһ⡣˫Ӵµʱ䣬ֻмꡭ
ͬ⣬ͬ⣡ֿһԶˣ̰ԴСŮĿ˹ϣڡ
ԭʿͷĬ̧֮ͷĿ¶ᶨ
ԣҿԴ˫Ӵ𣬶ŵ£ϣ㼴չأʱپãҲûǹ˵꣬ȻҪ˵Щʲô
ҴеڶѡУΨ˫Ӵ𣡡ڡ
ã¶֮ɫƽѾǼˣֻϵĸߣҲܱȵòǿ
ϾԷԾһˣǿߣʼհߡ
ǰôǾȻڰɣǰʱҪͿʱȥڣһеطǰͣ˫Ӵûתǰرչ֮أǰȥҲɣ±ȭɫΪ
߰ɡֻͷңңĿһ۶ڵķĬ¶ߣ
ҵŮͷǡ㲻Ҵ㰡оǡ㻹Ұְִ˰
ԡǺǣ£¡


1969 ɻʵı
תһļһɽҶȥѩƮʱһǰʢûɢԽӵĴ
һǰϣһ׷ʿӵ㿪ʼһʮ߲㣬ȻΪԾеĵһˣ
ȫȡڤվ˴µ۷壡
һͷ׷Ǳ˳֮Ϊ׷Ծ֣Ǳ𴫿ˣΪ֣
֣һ꣬ɨ֪Ծ֪Ĵ£ŵĽ棬Ȼ˵
⣬ϵһεʿҲ׷֪
壬˵ʮλԾ𣬸ǳһʮ߲ǿԾ
йش˵ĴţһУأ˵Ул֮߶ȵϿɣ
УΪϣΪ˵͵ڴʮ󣬱ԸȴڤƣԴ裬Ȼ֮ŭʮ߲㣬ڤ𳹵̤ڽ£
УĽȴĮܾ
дţԶһССţţ󲿷ʿδ˵
һţϣϵɢ
ضܵдӣ˾ܾ˵һ𣬾ܾ𣬸ܾ˾õ۴ѡ˫Ӵ
һ֮ߣ׷ײ⣬йشµĸһεĴţٴ籩
һʱ䣬˵ֱڣʼûвԾʿǲ˾֮Զϵڣݼ۵
ݼ뿪ߣ׷ɫ壬ȥҲһЩڣ۵ջ񼫴
ڣҲ֣ٴĿ
йֵĴţһУҲԸַʽ˹ʮϾ˵ʮŸԾ𣬶Թ˵ͼΪӣ˵³ֵԾ𣬾һȡڤ𣬳Ϊǿߣ
ʮռʮйֵϢһʱչصĵط˫ۡ
̾Ժ
̾ģ־ﵽ˸߶ȣԺģˣ޴Ӷ緢֣Ϊӡ
Ӧÿˡйֵ飬ûкκ˵֮ʡ
Ϣʹǵ֪֮ʱѡڽУһӸطŮӣֱȥƲлꡣ
ֱɶʧܣûгɹߡֻûзǸΧģȥѰҿڴ˻Ůӡ
йֵϢ֮ʵ֪Ϊ֣֮ˣʶ˵ӣȴûж롣
ӣǷһѼ˵ϣϾˣпܽĵ
ȽϣǲһвΪȻĹŵڣͻᱻ
ŵ𣬳סڹϵĹŷɽϣΪ춯أΪ½У֮ĵһˣ
嵱ĶٴڴǰҲǶ֡ŵ֪Ψһһɱ֮ˣ
ڵ£׷˷֮ʱΪʱõۻһʿ
ڹʧٺ屬һȫսսУ嵱ʱа˸𣬹Ψˣ
ǳսﵽ۷壬弸ɱһ뾳֮ʱŵӱչ߳һˣȥ壬һˣ˵棬ؼ䣬һսջɱ˺ٻʱһ͵Ϯͬɱ
һս֮󣬹ŵ֮ˣǳս岻òˣʹôս
˺꣬ŵʼûй棬ڣһֱ壬ǼһҲɲ
дţĶٴսŵʱɱ
йֵϢŵӻĹڣ֣Ҳ״εģڹ壬ܶ˼ס
һʱ䣬ڤƱһУȡ
أݻʳǵصףһΪĵعУһµڤϥһɫĳˮУǳˮϷݣɢɫϢܡ
ǳˮڵڤɫƼΪʹ࣬Ӳȴʼղ߳ӣҧһʱ䡣
֡֡ÿʹﵽ۷壬޷֮ʱ֣عڣٴλص
ҵһУһҪֶ
˿̣ϵУǳڵĺˮӷڣ˳ӿڣѪУĸı䡣
󷨣ǱϵһҲδɹʵʱŵ԰ӵѪһع˻𲻶Уƶ
ȴǳˮԣһƬŤ䣬ɻʵӰ߳
ʼȴӦ㣬һɣ˵ؾɻһԴ˳ΪĹؼ֮ڴ˵УӵѪܷɷ󷨣ͿеĺޣԹˡ
ܼסôͿɷ棡
桭桭֣Ҫɱ㣡ǳˮڵڤɫŤ˫ۣȴɢȥ
ɱ㡭ɱ㡭ڤĵͺУǰɻʣٴ¶ǹ΢ЦĿһתȥ
һҪ֮ʱĻԻͣõϼһϣһɹ鸽˭Ҳӣ
ǵһ˽թϣʸ񣬱Ӧʦ֣ȴΪ֣ȡʸ
ˣʵǺͣԴã
⣬˲ɻһˣɱȡʸõǳΪ𣡵ǻʵܣҲķ˲ѪҲõջʵʱˡ
˫ӣֻҪûһΪǣ
ɻʴ΢Цʧعڣǵعе˻𣬻صϡ
ڣǾ½е֣֮أǺëһѩƮ䣬Ѵװعڡ
һڣԾٰ֮ݷʱ߳۵ʱ䣬ֻһطڣһء
޽硣
޽磬ģĿֻں󣬴˵ȴǸı˺ܶ࣬ϥ޽ıԵһ꣬󲿷ʱ䣬
ܸܵǰһεĸĤǸĤڣϤģ˼ļ硭ϤˣϤأǿգһſǡ
̧֣ƷǸĤϣֵ˫ڣ¶׷䡣
Ϣ̾ĬĬı˫ۣѾһˣ֪ԼӦȥˡ
ԶһЦСŮ۵ЦŻ֣ĺƽ
Сӣ㲻Ҫ۸СǣСǵǵ㶫ƭˡ
Сӣɽȥƭ˰ɣ̫ˡ
СڣҪСˣġĲɥ


1970 һǣ
һ꺮ѩƮУϣˣһǰһ롣
һĳţ˼ϢУĬĬشɣʹڵľԴȻɣ۳ĲΣҲѾܽˡ
ⱾԴڶԲ˺ⱾԴȻ㹻ľԴӽΨʣǽԴС֮УδԲɣ֮ҲףһɼƬԴɡ
һԴҲɣ㲻ԲҲɹһΪսڣһٴﵽսٺڵĽ̶ȡ
֮Դ֮Ƕϣ˵ĸ֮Դֻء
ֻرԴֻһ˿ͬƿһµĴţһԴ֣֮ڣһδθ֮󣬷ɴɡ
ΪѡѾ֮ԴϡʳһУ浱֮أܵɼϢӭŷѩһԶ
Ӷڣȥݻʳǣһ·뼫ΪңԶѰʿչȫٷУҲѵʹô
УӰѩڶϹ;ѩסأسɴ֮룬Ǻ뿪˶ݡ
ڶڵɽ⣬ǹĬĬվԱߣСŮдŲᣬԶԶȥʧӰ
ôЩ䡣
ǻܼôһԵĺԶҲʵ
ӦáġѾһ˽˵Σǻἴ֪
Լʱ˫Ӵǰȥְ̾ڡ
һİСּȻѡǣǾͲκ۸޿˿ߵĺСŮһصĵ˵ͷ
ݣص࣬ݼΪŨĵطν˽ܵ飬ݵĺģʳڡ
˳֮󣬿һޣޱ޼ʣΪ½һ۳ǣ
ǹʮĻʳǣҲ޷֮ǱȽϣ˳ǣ½ֱ֮Ϊǣ
УֻһɣǱǻʦϵţԨԴʱգ̸һ˴һһһپ٣
ɣвͬɻʱв֣ͬÿһɻʣڼλ֮ͿɻôɵЧңѪѺ󣬼̳˰˼ķʱΪɣ¶һ֡
һɻ棬ǰصţΪţһŵɻߵسʦϵ
ϵΪĪ⣬֮Ǿ춯أһ˾ͿɶԿʦ
ǣɾʲôλã֪ҵһأ󶼵ֿסµţйصڣҲ˶ز²⡣
˵صһޡ
˵ڣڵĳһռѷ죬ڣǻʹڡ
˵ڣǵĵص
˵лһʵġ
ڣֶĸֳǣмΪأǻʹΨл֮ˣſ̤֮ڡ
ⶫĴֳУĸۡÿһۡһǲţȴӵбȾ󲿷ŻҪǿ
Ĵ֮ΪǿֱڶĴֳǱϳ޸ƸԼǶϸȻݡ
֮⣬ڣһɳȻƿȨԣǱǴڶ֮һ֮ɽɽΪۣ
ɽ
һɽһˣһõ۴𣬱ǣʹɽѹЩ
صĵţڵĿģкܶ˲²⣬Ϊ˶Կ⽥ѹȨĵɽ
ǵĸ֣Щ飬˺֪ϸΨд𷽿ɿ͸ҼΪһ꣬Ҫǰǣʶ˫Ӵʩչڻ֮ȡݹǵļ䣬֪
ݣʮСޣһļ棬вͬϺķѩӶݴʹҲ˷ѩ֮ʱѾȥ¡
ǽ꣬ǵĵһѩһѩܴ󣬼СǣǶţѩƮУ߶ģ
˳ڣûзˣأһֻʿ֮أ˳ڵ̫ŨȻγһ㣬޷ȥ
һգǶ⣬һƬѩ㸲ǵ޾ƽԭϣԶһӰӰ£Ŷңӭŷѩһ
ҽò֣˵ӣӰϿ֮ˣһꡣֻǣϣ񱩵ķѩɨҲɢһɲɣϢ
ӽھԼ·ʱ⴩֮ˣͣ˽Ų̧ͷĿƴ͸˲ѩĻԶ۳ǡ
ɻʡĳˡֿԶѩϣ󣬽ȳĽӡǡ
ӦϣһվҪҷӣǲǵˡ˺źֳĬͷڸ˷ѩͬʱҲڸգĬĬŽŲһǰȥ
Բǣ֪Լ˵Σգˡ
˵һЩ飬Ϊһ޺֣ȥȥȥеˣΪе޺ȥ޻׷еˣΪ޺һ㣬ֵȥ
ˣΪˣ貽Ҳ˫֣һȥ
飬飬飬飬ϧģΪ˵κһ飬¶һٺ٣ˡ
ûһʹţʧȥ
ӶжȸεһӣһδεУ޷ߣҪȥȥѣɺá
˼ˡ
紵ѩϹ鲽һƻУǶ⣬վĳǳرȽϣͬһС
ţûзǰ㣬˻ǴҪصĵţǹ֮ˣǹŵ⣬ҲԸˡ
ƻʱ֣ջһƬѩУһƬ֨֨ĲŻѩУ̤˶ţĽŲڡ
һṲ̃ţ÷ʿ˵ȴǿܣɣЧ֮ɽ󴨣֮һЩŻҪϼ
ֻǣ˵ȴû˿ãѾҪȥǿЩڵʯϣֿܡ
ѩУǳҲв٣һȥҴңǾ߱ΪҲǷУ緲һﲽжߡ
ҲҪţǻǣҲҪſţΪϵҲҪԼôֶµ˫Ŀһ⡣
ң


1971 
ǶһΪѰĸֻۡռؼԶԶһͬһ̾ᡣ
⸮ۡ⣬һƬžû˿ӰڶǵĽһԶԶҲƿߣԸ·˵ء
ѩ£ڵ˺һ㣬⣬͸һ֮⡣ķģ⸮ۡصĴţһѹ
Ǵ⣬ʯʨ̾ᣬǱ˫ۣȴһɷϢƣһ˫Ŀͻŭһ
֮ϣһңдɫĴ֡

һɾļɢʹܵķѩҲ̺ɱ䡣
⸮ۡڣһųȻƣྫĸ¥俪ֻǴ˿̣ѩУһƬƽû˿Ӱ
⸮֮ۡһʯ޽ңѩУʯܱװعڱһƬž˿̣ҲָոմӶ⣬̤ⶫǵһ˲䣬ʯڣһȻ
⼫ΪžڣһΪܡ
ڣһϥǰһľͷӣľͷͨɫǲӺ죬ȥȱһЩʲô
ǰһѹϣͿ
˿̣Ǵ֮ģȻľӣϳһѹģ֮Ӱϵ
͵˫ۣĿмĶľӡ
湭ܳ⡭Ψֺ֮󣬲Żᷢ飬ĪǡĪ֮ڸһ̧֮ǼһӣһϹ˸Ȼһ֧ӣֱʯȥٶȲ죬ѰңһԶȥ
ƣɽȥǷ֮ϢĿһ̺ȵ
صȴŵĸۡڣĸ¥ڣʱɳӰ˿һ㣬۶ȥɫļԶȥ
ʱ˿̣ӭŷѩⶫǵʯϣѩֿܺǳأ˳֮󣬽һǾޱ޼ʣһδ
ˣ˵ǣ˵أΪغ֮ǣ
ЩˣҴҶҲע⵽֣ȴֻԿһۣɨߡ
ĵ̣һۡɢŨΪǣ£ѩУƸһֺİĸо
ִ£ĬĬⶫ߹ֱɫ٣һߵĸ¥ջڣóһЩʯѡһ
󣬺Ǽ򵥣ڵȴǱ滹ҪŨ˵ǶܵǽŴϣȴǴ˽ӡпΪһչصĺõط
˿һԣһ˷ܵҿǽСָϸſļϣһӡ
⺣ϵദļãԴû˿⣬Ͼı£㣬Ѱ
ҹɫǷѩҲС˺ܶ࣬վڴԣ˽࣬Զǵƻͨĵط֮ɫΪ˷
ӣǸõط뷲ĳǳأûʲô㿴ҸҶ϶һˣһָǵƻͨԶ
ӣضƣضҹҹϸ裬ҪӦȥĵطѰҡ
ȣ˾ӣɣҾǿԼȥ￴ûӣ㿴ô˷ܣ֡
ֿһۣ֪ԷԸڷ䣬һ󣬵˵ͷ
һͷʱ̴Ǻ߳ȥ
ֱȥһھϣžƺŴѩһһڵĺš
ǡǷ񻹼ǵö顭ֱɫŨѩִеľƺҲѾˡ
̾һַ¾ƺ⣬һ˴£ҹɫ֣ȴû̫ĶڣԶȥ
ҹɫµĶǣԶԶȴֹ¶ĸоĬĬڽֵϣܵ˽ˣֱԶԶһֻһˣǷѩдڡ
㣬Ϊ¡ֽŲͣ£ڡ
ﴫɲǣһѹ˵ɢʹܷѩһ٣Խ˴
ȴڣһƬŤһģӰӰ֮ǰһ֧ɫļգĺХֱֶ
˳֮󣬺ԥ˫УһѹǰûֻδһץŹɲ͵˵һһ
һ֮ǰǺХȥɫӰһǰһֱ֡
ңִ£Ŷң˿òתû̧ͷ̧ǰһָ
һָ֮£ٵɫӰʱţǽӰһҲڲУɢ
һĻɲǼ䷢Ӷûк˰㣬ֻתһָ
֮˫Ŀ͵¶޷֮ɫôҲû뵽ƾԼΪȫһԷĻȥ
ëһɿ־֮ɲȫ˼ѸٺˣһѪʩչѪ֮תۻһƬӰԶǧ֮⡣
Ҫȥ׷޷ߣȴվѪӰԶȥû׷
սⶫǣҵע⡭ڵ㹭ҵĹϵǵĸӦ
ӦֻǸӦˣ֪ҵݣĻҲɳʿǰ档ֶңûг϶˿Ҳûɱˡ
²Ϊૣתȥ
ĸ֣ȴһӶݵѪӰһصôٴһѪɫȻ
ʲôΪ˭輴棬˱ضҾѰ𣡣ãɽҷֿҼӴˣɽȥܴ˵ͬ顭ѪɫӰɫ䣬ֺҴ˷ٶͷ֮С
ɴ£ŶңֵϣûĿֻ꣬һ˾ţ֪Уǰƻ֮ͨ
̧ͷǶµ˫ۣ˿ǵƻͨ繬һֵ֮ͷҪȥʱ͵ٴ̧ͷ˫¶֮âǵƻͨĹ
Ŀ⣬ƿԴ͸һдڣǹ¥ĵ㣬һĺӣӵòϢϤ
󣬼ǻ֮ޣȻǵܣǵӣƶźӣǹ
˾룬ҲſԸĴڣϣ˷ӡĿһǣȴ¶ĵ΢Ц
ҡͷҪǵƻ𹬵ȴüͷһ壬תԶĿһ˿â
ЩˣһΣӰȻʧԶ¥ڵĺӣ˿̰ѾƱŵһˤָǰˣȳ⡣
ǾôŪүү֪ǼмǧƣȻүүˣ
һ裬׺ݺݵӣȴ˿֪һĿ⣬⿴Ŀ⣬ã


1972 
ǳϣһСʮɵĺͺ䣬ֱԶȥȴҷ̫࣬˵شһоֲѹ̫ͻ
ڼУ⺣ȫദ˺ۣ丹Ȼһ֧ɫļһ룬ɢݻ⺣ȫ˺
䱳һŭ룬ɫΪǱͻȻһǺֿ
һݻ˺һֱͨӴĸһ̫ǿ˭Ҫɱңôһƭ߸˶ѣôŭȴûп־塣
̵ģӣӵ˾Ź㣡ͷһ
ںһɫӰҹںϣѸ׷ӰŮٶ޷壬̫죬ȻǺҪһ˿˿׷УкȻһѹ̧Ȼһ
һμܵȻ۶ȥǼں󣬺Х
뺣ӶݣֱڣҲʮϢʱ䣬׷֮ˣ˵ڶ
̺һĮɱҪһɱϵ롣
ۿǼٽ뷢˵ͺ˫Ҫֿµĺ˻ȫ˲㲨ˮ
׷Ӱ¶Цļһ֮ͬޣпԵֿߣһضԺɱͬʱش䱳ССʿܻصǴһ
ʱϵĳЦȻɢȡ֮ģ˫Ŀͫ͵¶˺Ȼ
ȴںǰǼٵɲǣͻȻƾճһ´ŶҵӰӰֵļΪͻأӲļĿһ㡣
֮ûгֻ̧֣ͷ¶Ƕµ˫ĿĿڽһ䣬ǰХļȻֱӴݻ١
ںڰ׷ӰԺʱһ֮䣬ֱӴ¶壬ɫ԰ףԷĿɲǣ򽣺ХĴ
Լ˿޷Կ䣬ѪУ˵ʧȥʶһ˵Ļѩϣ˴Ƭѩ
ǰȫ־壬ԷĿ⣬ܵһɴδйĿֲԽ˼ļ档
ӣˣҪɱңˣڿֺ̼˿̺͵ת˫ĶԶһӰ
̧ǺͷһĨ⺣һȫɨֱɢ丹Ǽǵ˿ҲɼĻָ
ǰѷɳĺɫļһ٣Уһֱۣ飬һƬɻѩںһ
Щˣɫƽڡ
֪ѵΪƭ˱¶һ漴ŭί֡
߰ɣȥһɫ糣ǲԶһӰԱߣ˿ٶӹƮ¶գһӣ˿˫ĿգֽңȫԹȥ
ʶۣڴ飬Ϣִһ˦ź룬ԵӣʧӰ֮ʱȻǶһƬŵĸ֮ۡ⡣
ȥţֿǸۡϵ֣ڡ
ϣ뾫һϲɵľ飬˿ߣ𣬿첽ǽصš
߹Ŀʯʨɲǣʨһδ緲丮ۡѰ֮һ㣬ҡڵߵǰ
˿̵ӣһǰĳһһһɫôơ
Ǵǰ̧ţݺݵһߣһѩĽӡһ
߾Ҽˣӿͣ
⻰ȻҲֻһǰٵǸˣмֲͬˣĺ֪Ϊ𺳡
ֻͬǣһ߳ȥ˿δһţȴŷ˾ҵĺȻһ߿ڿ
һĻһ㶣ٶѸٺˣһԼһţӦûҲ̫ˡ
Ǵ򿪵ţɫƽ˰ҡͷһЦ
Ȼ˲ĳ㲻ˡ˵ţһӣʱƯԵӣ̱ڣţƽǰȥ
߹ʯʨɲǣʯʨȻ˫ַۣһŭ˷ɢ˶ǣöǷǱ֮أһ֣ɲǻž
£ȴʯʨϣȻ޴ӰԼɴСʨӣڰջûֱֶ
û̧ͷȥɴ£ŶңǳĴȥ˲Ϣ䣬ʨȻٽɾٽʮɵɲǣȴ˻˰˿γ֮һ㣬ǰ˲䴵ɢ
֮صǴʯʨѷ죬ķѱ
ּǰȥ뵹ܿ¶˷ܵĹâԽǿԽԺٻһ㣬˸۸
ǺڿһĻ¶ؾη
ҽ̤ŵ˲䣬ͻȻһХ֮ȴ⸮ۡڣĵط˿ͻȻ˴ӰǶһ£ȫùһ
ٵӰХֱ̤żֶȥ
ÿһ̺˼ǿ˿뷢֮£ǰȻһ𣬻һƬͬʱȺ˲Ϣһ󷨵ͼ
һɢ޾âһɾ춯صɱȻɲٽ֡
ֽŲûͣ٣ǰ̧һӣһ֮£Ȼһ޴ӡǰӡΪʵÿһƶޱȣڳֵ˲䣬Ǽ
֮ǼȴҲ̤ţӡ󣬴ɢ
һ˲䣬۳ȵɣһڣŸۡһȥ
ӰŮ˿ȴһɫȻ¶޷֮ɫǱ־Ƕһ㹻ģҲѶԿǰˣ˦֮䣬ͽɱл⡣
֮Ŀɿڴ־֮ʱȴڣȻӾŸλã˾֧ÿһ֧֮󣬶ȻγټƬ˿ڷһ
ż뱬ǼŴ֮ͬǵصļ꣬һɼ֮籩ɨ
ͬһֺֻ֣ݺݵһץһץס̾ͻһ㣡
ֽŲûͣ٣ȴ̧ͷǰһָ
һָ֮£ȻɲǾֹǻûļ֣ǰֹֻͣ߹ɾֹڰգһ
Ż룬һº󣬿ǰһƬ꣬ͷƤ飬ϽܿͻȻ˵Լ


1973 ׷Ծ
żһɢ֣֮ǿ߲ȫһǾˣӦӵдĲ֮
̺ǰȥڡ
ˣһʮԾ߲֮£ɴﵽʮ۷壬һ·ĳδɱˣ˼Ҳ֣ǰ֮ˣ˵Ŀһɨλãͣ١
仰ﴫȴطƾջûߣһǰߣӵԾΪƺ֮ˣ
ͷڰף֣¶ɣƶֵݣ²⣬ȷ
ҲΪУϾҲвٵİ˵㹭ڶ磬ʹֱܹһδΣ
ԣʼղ㣬͵̧ͷ˿òֻܿ˫ĿͻȻ⣡
̺һɾ˵ѹѹ֮ŨȻⶫǵƻҪǿп֮ˣԾѰˣ׷һ
ѹ֮˼֮󣬾ͻѹ˿̵֣˫ĿڵĽ⣬ѹ֮ɼ֮ȥѹ
صѹĽɫĿɢУȴеḺ́Ƭɢ
ǾŸʿеĹҲǲΣֳݣֵĿ£޷ܡ
ǿߣԾ⣬еĹ̳˴ѷ죬ͬ۶ϣ
ΨԾʿ乭ûϣǹңȴǱһƬɻҡ
ҲͰˣǵͺ˫Ŀѹ£ǰ֮ˣʶɢ¶ԶڷѩУƽʯҡ
ֱ˿̣Ȼûо˵ЩϹʿȴǷ׷׵ֵĿ⣬޾־
ǼʿǷ²ֵݣȻɫ䣡
׷Ծ𡭡һϵʯ֮ɬĴţʯҵţ֨һƿڣ߳һ׷ԲԵߡ
һۣɫŭ˿̾ܿɬȴûлرǽɫĿ⡣
̧ժ˶ң¶һͷѩеİ׷ƽĿߡ
֮ˣֶժ֮ʱһ֮ȫĿ⣬ɲǼϣ
һʱ䣬й׷ԾĴţɨ½ǣ籩һ㣬Ӧ֪֮ˣ׹
ΪĴ֮һȫ֮ˣȫһУļס֣
ôҲû뵽ȻۿǴ˵еԾǿߣµһˣ
µǣڷţǾȻ֣Ҫɱˣ
һƽĿڣĿ߳ʯҵߣҲԾΪֹ㣬ӦǴʮһ㣬ȴֹʮʮ֮һ
һԾʮһ𡭡ǣҡֶǵͨңжϡ
֮ǰ湭ܴʾ֮ڸ֮еУʧ٣˹ѶϷǲǰȥǵΪЩƫˣ׷ԾĪҪϾ֮¹ش󡭡߾ǿȥֵ˫ۣȴܵԶԷ˫ĿڵѹԽԽǿ
ûпڣɿߡ
ʢ֮ʿȻˣֱ֮ΪµһˣҵʱûȥΪдţҶ˵лû뵽Ŀ⣬Ҳôѹ汻ĬƬ̡
վ³çȡ׷Ծ˻ʳǣ⣬ЪϢ
֮ˣԾȥʳǣһ·͡Ծ֮⹭ҲԸǱҲˡ
мµļԾⷭԴˣֲҵ³ç׷Ծ㿴ã߱ȭһݡ
Լ̬ŵĺܵͣ˿ˣȴ˿ûо裬б˵ĸоϾԵģǴµһˣ
ôȥȡһĴ֮һʵǳ˾󲿷ţǰɴһ
֣д棬ɱǣп֮ܲ½ǿ࣬ڤ𣬾ܺ뿪ʹÿһ֮˲һݣ
ĴڤǰҲΪϾڤǱΪδĵ
֣ѹסڤ֪ȻװȥҪ
󣿡ɫһ˹֮ڣһ۾Ϳ߳˶Լļɵ⣬˶֮Ŀ
Է޷ᣬԹԴֿԹ黹ǰѹ
ѹ̧ȴâ˸䣬㹭У͸һɲɣϢ˹һ֣ʱ˫Ŀ¶һļ
ŹУٴμȴһ
ܵˣһĬǰѹеˣҲв٣ȴǴδ
˹һЩôҴе飬˹ͻֻڣһӣǹʧ
߰̾ȴûʧϾ¶ԷѾŵԶԷݣͲˣɼȷй黹֮ģȨԷȥˡ
ҪǣѹǶԷҵֻǰĹͻԼֻһλãŵ
ûоܾ¼֪ǣҲָתǰļ䣬ڣǼУοҼ
뼫Ϊϲӣңյϱһдĺܡ
ʱһΣ죬ڵ󣬷ѩƮУϿգͻȻ˴ĲƣǲɢУǳѹ
ѹʱ֮߳ա
ȴղڣ˸䣬߳һˣ˴ۣɫи߰һͷ·ˡ
ֺڣּ
ɣֱļڣ
㡭ϵ֮һ㶣Ŀɻּ⣬˿٣ɻ־Ȼ涼¶
ԥһ£ߣȴұ¶вչ
ݣûȥֻɻּڣ֪պ峿ڻʹɵǰв䣡
ʱ˵ÿһԾʿɻʶҪԲ⣬һʽҲһ
֮ʱսһڣ֮ʱ󶼺ԣϾԾʿܵķӰϿɣ˻ûȤ
ʥּҲֳĸΪֱʥּת˦ȥ
䣬ֻ֪ΡӦÿԿӡֳĬʶɨûǡ


1974 µβ
Уʹ֮أ
峿һԶɢƿ˺ڰʹûʹۿɼٶȣĻ֮ʱǻʹ֮ǰڵĸ֮ޣǻʳس׷١
׷Ծ𣬴ڣһ籩
׷Ծƺһڵʸ֪ߣȫִ֪ţʹƺպն
ղ⣬ʶһ֮ޣڻɻʵͬɵǰǿȥΪӴĹ㳡ϡ
ʱ䣬ǹ㳡˴ʿһۿȥ֮֮࣬Ϊ󶼲лʿڡ
ǾԾҲмˡֻʿʹҲ֮ܵ˵𾴡
һ峿ͨʹĴ󣬼˵õƵһգ˸һâûͣһϵش߳ǰʿ
Щʿƹ˾ţɵǰ㳡ȥ
ɵǰĹ㳡ϣʿԽԽ࣬ȴɢǰĳ˳һһվáλã̤֮ܰ롣
λõʿǵĴ֮
ɵǰع㳡ϣڵʿԼ½֮⣬Ӵźɫ׵Ľ
ڼ׽ڻ壬ֻЧɻʵĿÿһڼ׽߱൱ΪǵֻʮˣʮˣȴһּĿֲɱ
Σ֪˿̴㳡ģվıֱɫĺڼ׳ӣȴɢһɷɭ䡣
֧ӣп㳡ֱھ֮⣡
ɵǰ㳡֮оţţÿһ˵ţʵϣǾŸ޴νɫڣ͸ɱǾͷһʯ⣬˿д͹â˸֮ˣ׷׳֣ƿţŹ㳡һɫȥ
ʱţʱǹ㳡ɵڣ߳һӰһߣòѰ˫ڣȴоһ߳Ŀǰһɨڡ
仰ﴫ㳡ϴ˿ٵʿһ뿴ǹ㳡ţ
ֻһͺʮڼ׽һͬصȻɫ䣬峿ĻµУǾŸɢĺڹ⣬ǺڹŨһĲκ󣬾ɢʹþ֮ӣɵǰĹ㳡ϣźڹȻһֱͨ
ͨɺڹɣʮڼ׽ɣĿˣ
˿̣㳡ʿƺֹͣǵĿڿǺɫ֮·ͬʱҲԶһ⣬ֵĴ֮â
ȴǴ͹â˸£һ£һͷ׷꣬ɫƽһ߳
վֱ˫֣˵з磬峿ķ紵ĳ׷ȥƮ֮С
Ƿе֣ԶԶһƻᣬϣµĲɣ۽ǵβձ꣬βȴĵƣ򲻻ڵĽŲĳˡ
Ŀ͸ǰľɵĺɫͨԶԶĿԶȺȺ󣬼Ϊ磬ٵľ޴󹬵
ǹԿĴһ½ϣɻʵĻʹ
ʹ̫ˣĿ⿴ͷȴǿԿ˵شһĽƣƴ˿ûпһ죡
ʹôֵĿԶʹڣһ̫ңԶЩģʯϣʯںԶĵطվڴϣĿĿա
׷Ծ֣һĮһϣɵǰһȥֵ˼ϣʹüͷһ塣
˵֮ˣ߳ɵߣĿžţңңԶ֡
֣ÿһλԾʿҪܵɻʱµĲ⣬ڲǰһο飬⿼Ǵ˾ͨ߹ţվҵǰ֮ʱͻʽʼ
ʱɻʱ½Ϊ⣬ʦ˸Ϊδ仯ɵǰһоٶᱻʹӳʮ޸ڣͬʱû߻ƽ˵֮󣬱˫ۣȥ
㳡ϵİĴڵʿȴĿ⼸Ⱥͬһʱ俴Ǿ֡
վйز֮£֮ǰԾ߾ȫ֪ȷÿһλԾڱǰȥͨ
ֻѣϾԾʿܵӰ飬Ǳ봳ʮߣʶţֻһֻȨķʽˣʵϣû˿谭ֻ߹Ϳɡ
ĿǾͨɨ糤һĺڼʿЩʿһ׶ںڼأֻ¶Į˫Ŀ֡
ʮڼʿĿۣɫû˿仯Լԭ糣ҲͰˣڴΣֱ㲻
ŲƽǰĵһţŲ죬һУٽţ̤ǵһţɫͨɲǣͻȻʮڼʿٴηһĵͺ
ͺУһɱ¾Ũ˼һĳ̶ȣʮɢһγһ޷ݵѹϡ
ɱ¾ʮһɱǵĪĹ˿֮ͬվǰĲͨһɱɣ
üͷһ壡
ſĲΪɱˣҲĿһ˫ĿϣɲǼٴʱڵȻɢɱ¾֮
ֻʮɵľ룬ʮɣȴɢɲǣʹͨ˺졣
ȴĺɫͨȻƱɢɱ¾Ƶֻܺˣ˻ʮɡ
ֲûͣ٣һһǰȥÿ߳һʮɵɱ¾֮ǰУǺɫľͨϺڹⲻϵصǾڵһڼ׽Ҳ˫Ŀ¶𺳣ĺˣֵϣһɾƣ̺ɱ¾Բսˣ
ɡǧɡɣУһ߳ɣû˺ɫĹâֻƽʯţ
ǰ°ɵĺɫͨⲻϵرֱѹУ˻ǡ
𣡣Ǳ˺ɵĺɫͨڵĺڼʿ˵ͺͺ£ͨĺڹ⣬ȻΧɢƻһͷɫͻûʹڣֵǰУֱ
ȣ£Ŀһţͼ˲ȫ̧ǰһȭ󣬻ɲʧϡ
һȭ£غͻӰһɵĺɫͨǺһķѣڹͬʱʮڼʿѪȫˣȴ
ͫ΢ɲһϸһǵ׺ǰһȥʮʿ°ţһ£վɵǰ͵ĺῪ˫ۣ¶˺ǰ
㣬Ҳĳ£Ŀһۡ


1975 ɻʴͱ
¶ţڴ˵ع㳡Ŀɫ࣬ĲȻߣ϶־֣˺ָ֣
㡭
߻Ȼߵǰ̧һץסһףһȴƱһֻεİȹȻ׵ȥ
֣ݼɻʣɵǰֱȭ˵һݣ˵رϾǻʹɻǴ𣬸е𾴣ǱҪеġ
㳡ʿ˿һĿܻڼ׽һĬУܣ䶢֡
ʿڣĴ֮ˣ⣬ֵĿвͬļǿֵĿڣŸΡ
ֱȭһݺһƬžãɵڴһƽ
޵ĲСƿ䣬ָνС
䣬ȴɵպϵĴţϢƿ¶ɵڵľۣǴһɽ̨ף֮һž޴Σηڰհͷ˫Ŀ񣬿վڴ֡
ϣһ۴ŵ۹ڵӣһֻ°ͣбòŭƿڡ
ӵߣվһŴֲ꣬Ƥ𪣬˫ϸɫӣڲϵתʼմ΢ЦĿºͣһۡ
һۣȴתѪҺΪ֮һ٣һ֮£Լ˻㱣·𿴵һת˲Ļ档
һ𣬵ܿͻָ˫ĿͫһǴֲĿ
¶һ˿ȣЦֵͷʾ⡣
ʦĿӴ˲䣬ֳ֣ܴδԷԼ֮Ŀһֻߣпܣǹʦ
ϵɻʣòһһȴԱ֮ǰҪ߱ǰƣؾһ֡
һڵĿ£Ҫݡ
ˣΪԾһˣūŶ㲻ҲΪ㣬ȥ䡣ɽɻʣ˵
ǡǴֲһš
Ȼɫһ
;ʱǴֲϴ΢Цֵͷ󣬿㳡ʿ
֣Ѫɣɵǹʦ˵ţ̧һָ
һָ֮£һâȥֱͬʱӴĻʹڣӾʮŸУȻһ춯ص˻˻ͬǰĲҽС
ţʮŵѪӻʹںȻգվĿǾʮŸѪڣ˾ʮŸ֮ͬ꣡
Ѫɣɱ¾ʮޣǵѪƮɵôֿһУɫƽ
ǾʮŵѪĻʹһӾͳΪѪɫƿͨһĴţǴ⣬һƬޣֲʲôط
Ѫڵ޻꣬һͬڣʧ֮ʹȻһƬţ
һ˲䣬ŵĲ½ͨʹӳմУһĻĸڵ棬һȫĶĻʹգ
˴šս⣬һʽǿɵѪ֮飬֮ǿɻʳֽɱѪأΪ豻ߣֶڲеʽ֪˿û⣬̧ͷա
׷Ծ𣬲֪ʲô̫֮飡
ڤѪ֮ʱһѽ֮飬ɻʳɱ¾󣬻һѽ˽˵Ϊǿ󣡡
ȫƾ֪Σ
ʿһ̧ͷĿ⾼ĸڴ²
ѪɫУһ̣ȻǾ޴ڣһƬڵУʱĶȹȴһͷʨӰޣһʨһ˫Ŀͨ죬侱ѪģǾнɫѪ¡
ǲ֪ͨδӶݣͻȻֵʹ屻ǿקȡ͵ĳС
ĳ֣·㳡ʿһ˾
ʨޣ
µͼڵʨޣ
˵ʨޣһͷʨ޻ͷûнë޻ʣӣȴڳսʨ
һǴֲĹʦɫһƬƽϵһͷʨް㡣
µķӡܻ̫ǿ̫֮ͷʨޣˣҲѳ֣֡ʦУͻȻһ춯ص
÷˱ΪߵʿҲͬа
ʨȴ⾱˵ʨޣɲǳУ½ϣ¶ãȻＫΪİã˲ɢȡ֮һɾ֣ۺˣҪ룡
ʱֶߴɻʱ
ʨôֵͬʱɵϵɻʣɱһֻ°͵Ķһֻ̧һӡ
һӼ䣬ֻһɫû˲һˣֱʨ޶ȥ
ת֮£ֵĿУɫ绯ɫ𺣣˵ʨȫ֣һĲҽлصأ֮һҵĺƬһѪձأʹڡ
һĻʿۿһ𶯣֪˭һڵأת£еʿȫɵ


һγɵͬʹڻصɻʵǿķʽչ֮ǰ
ֳĬ˵ʨޣҲɱɻһ⣬ҪлȡһЩ֮
𡭡ɫƽ¶˿˼
˿ջɢǻɢȥһɫͷƮȻ䣬׷ĳ֣ߵĹʦĿһ
ϵɻʣ˿Ȼ̧ͷƮȻµİ׷˫¶һ˿죡
ҵļ޷յİ׷
վ˫͵¶֮âǰɫͷּΪϤĸооֻһƴһ㡣
û˿ɣһΣֱնȥ
ɵڵɻʣһץȴһ޴ɫ֮ƾջûǰ׷˲ץȡ
ֵٶȣȲɻʣȴɻɫƣֱӳƮİɫ˿Աߣһץס
ʱɫƣȴһ֮£Ƿ˿͸Ʈ䣬һĻ˿ֺԥһǷ˿ԣһץס
лɻʴʹ˱תɵһݣ


1976 ӣ
ⷢ˿УϤĸоָΪԼҲ֪Ϊʲôһ˿һ֡
ⷢ˿֣ûи˿˺ͬѰ˿һ˴£зͻƮӡ
ɵڣȥϢĳĬ󣬴ɻʵ
ɲʹ͸㣬Ҫǡ
һл֮˺ܹؼãϾĲ䣬ĿŶĿá
ڼʨޱĲٻ㱻ȡǰ׷Ҳ˵ʲô
ɵǰǹʦĿһۣڡ
Ѫһ֣˵ˣԶսֻΣ֮ɻʲ⣡
ǹʦ˲䣬·ȺڣĴУ⣬棬Ȼ̧ͷ涼ߣԾ֮ޣ
һˣźۣһֱӻһգְⱧȭһݡ
Ϸһսߣ׷Ծͽ̣˫Ŀ¶Ĺ⣬ʱֻشϥڰգ̧䣬ȫ𣬺Ȼһ˿˿ɢɲǼ⣬γһ޴ĺӰ
Ӱƴźɫף沿ģ˫ۣĳ֣ȴʹûʹɫ䣬Ƶһ㡣
֣ͽ̣һͺҧѪѪǺӰ֮ڣѪ̼£ǺӰ͵˫ۣһƬͨ졣
ƵУӰ̧һѺɫĳǹȻûֱ˲Ϣȥ
ĿһʶԷڵʿ䣬ȴ³ԷĴ֮һ
ǺӰڳ˼ǿ˿УǴźХҪһ㣬ûкˣţ˲Ϣȫ̧ǰһȭ
һȭ£ǺӰǹɲǣ໥һ
Ǻ£һΣջأǰǺӰȴȻķѵУϥڰյߣɫ̲԰ףȴҧ֮˫̧͵ڶͷһģ
һУԪΪŨĺ͵ɢÿһɢߵմΧ˥ϣͬոմӷĹһ㡣
ĺۣʹǺӰȫָͬʵƵģ·۳һƥսս˻䱳ϵĺӰ֡
ڻµɫأǺӰٵ˲䣬˫ַͷк䣬͵ǰһͷײȥ
ţײ
һײ֮£̳˾޴ţӰţ޴ĽǣֱײǺӰϡ
䣡
Ӱͬսͬʱ޷ײ֮Ȼ߽⣬ʹţ֮Ӱ͸ĺֱ·ɵĹʦȥ
һпͬɺϣţײȥֻǹʦɫ糣û˿仯ֻ̧㣬ǰһָ
һָٵţӰ㵽ţ֮Ӱ͵һ
ޣΪһ֣ڣʶʧȥ󣬱֮Ϊޡǹʦƿڼ䣬ǰţӰɢ
ڣʶʧ󣬱ޡһĻ仰һһ
˫ͫ͵ڷŵһɲǣʦϣܵһɼΪµĲɲǶԵ򣬴ڼĳ̶ȡ
ţɢȥ߼ԪӰҲʧڰϥУɫ࣬˥˺ܶ࣬ɬվӣֱȭһݣûмڣһ´أصʿ֮С
ڶվɵǰĹʦ΢΢һЦڣ仰˵ȴüͷһ塣
ҲתԶ·ʿУ̲Ŀ⿴ȥһȴͬʱüͷ
ߺߣǺôĵӣôֵ飬Ȼбǡ۾ûбˣ
С죬С࣬СףСǸֻԶʹľ⣬Ŵâ˸߳һȺˡ
Ⱥ˵ߣһŻɫӵ꣬һŭӿٵȷ磬ͷϵƮ
ԣɫ԰ף˫ȶ꣬ͬ԰п־壬һץסǻ꣬Űڡ
үǻʹ
ʹүūţȥǻǲһץ꣬ǰȥ
С죬ȥóҪ˱ͷȻȥÿǻһƨϣб˿̹㳡ʿĿۣҧУ߼һȥӣ̾һѪ˫סƨɱߵλã׳鴤˼º󣬱һˡ
ˣǻһ㶣ͷ˿ԼĽţɫ¶ѽӡ
վڰգĬĬԶǻ꣬Էı䣬ȴһ۾ϳǷӡ
ǻʹҡӣһת˼Ȧ˼š
ߣװǰɣڱǰװ㣬ǰһװġף˭šֹУ˰ҲûԾ˵ϵһţҡڵǰȥ;һʿڿ󣬾üЦ˱ܿ
μү
μү
һ·ϣǻԷǷ߹Уﻹֹ
ôôˣĪҸѡɣףͷôˣ˲٣ˣ⻨֮ǰֳֵǰһ٣˫̴ۣĺ
˭۸ҼСүү̵ģҪѵͷ˵˭˵ǻߣӣʹҡӣ𲻶ϡ
ǲһͿһﲻ˳ˣһͣƫƫϲô۵ӣˣҡ㣡һָɵǰüĹʦܼҪȥԷӡ
ۿҪȥȴʼں꣬һѱסȡ
үүǹʦүǻȥɡŵɫ԰ףƾ˦ţҲ֡
۸СүүܷŹūŲǰɣãҴһȥǻٴʹӣ꣬¶׺ݵӣ˵ʲôҲҪȥǹʦ
ڰգ·ķӣĬɫ¶ӣǣΪ˿һĺѣǷϳԼ
ŶԷϵӣǳȰ꣬һߵɵǰԶɵڵϣ˫ȴǿһԶĻ󣬱̺ԥٴαϡ
ǣǻ˹ʦǰ׺ݵ˫̧Ҫ䲱ӵһ̣ɵڣɻε
ѡȻң㡭̫ˣǻݺݵĿǵϵɻʡ
ǣҪˣĲ䣬Ķˣȥݼһ£ɻʻƶ𣬸һ֮ɢѷӴǹʦǰƿʮɡ
ǻһ㶡


1977 ѩɱ
㣡þúþã㣡ǻתĿ·Ⱥһɨֿ˿յ֡
ģ磬ĸҶ
ĬĬǰķӣԷ˫ڣû˿Լļ䣬̾һ£վ˷ӵǰ
ӡڡ
ӣǷӣ㣬ˣǻ˫ִۣ
㲻Ҷɣ۾ת˼Ȧ˿ҲٱӣվһСźš
ˣ˰ɣҲˣ㣬˭ҼСүүǸӣǲǻһָԶüĹʦŭʵ
ǣٺ֣ұٴνǲ䣬޹սʧܣʦûйϵ£ɵڣɻЩŭ
⻨һ㶣һʱЩͷգգۣһץꡣ
˳һ£ЩԺСүүǹʦǸӣ˭ģսЩԺһ¡
һɬ˿ֿ֣˿⻨꣬ڡ
үǻ߰ɡˣǻһ¯ҩȥˣǵҩͷˣҪ͸ĵҩ
ҩ԰һأǻһ£ƲתҪȥĽŲһ٣ת꣬ŭ
ԣСүү˴ˣһǵأ㡭㡭ߣС죬װˣҳ˭Сүүͣ
⻨ʹӣԶװһ
͵˫ۣһ߱¶֮ɫæ˹һ䲶ӣĿǿһǿЦ޼ߣֿ֡
ֻĿ˫۶ӵһ˲䣬Ȼһֲ֣λõĸоʲôطԷôϤ
ɷǡʶૣʲôҪһ㣬ʱȴǱǻһץż͵ҡ
һУ͵ѣɫ԰ףָˡ
үСүү
ðԭ㣡ǻŭҲˣһǰ˫ֵĲӣһݺݵӡ
Ҫ㣬㣡
ֱ˫ۣĿеıˣ֪ûжļ䡣
ǣȥһŭɵڴڴͬʱɻʵӰ߳˴һӣֲӵĻ꣬ʱһ㣬ȥæϣҶ
ڼ׽ͳʹɻüͷͺһ
ţҴСүү±סˡԶȥ˫ĿʱͷĿڣȻû˷ӵӰеֻǴ֮âһ⡣
Դӻ󣬾ӣʱģʱʱϳɻ̾һ̵ƲǴҲ֮ʣһ硣
ֳĬûпڣǾΪ˿һӣ񿴵ˣԷʧȥ˼䣬޺⡣
սʽˣ֣ܴʮ߲գ޲ΪʮλԾ
а׷֮ƣлʨİ׷޴׷Ծƺţ
Ծ𣬶һνչ֮ظĻᣬþ޴컯ΪպΪ𣬴¼ᶨĻ
չ֮أΪҲӲ٣ֻᣬɻһһһҲֻζѣڷɻѪ֮ޣΨгΪԾʱſɱĻᣡ
¼Ϊѵã֣֮ǰ⣬ϣʹ˻ȥչ֮أúøԱȡճΪ
ΪĶ֮֮ɻɫΪϣ֣ĿңңԶĴ
ֻһܵܡɻ̾
ȥչ֮ذɣһõҲȥ£ڷʱ߻һŮӣŮӣҲѾѣչ֮ظ򡣡ɻɫºͣ֡
лɻʱ£ĳֻΪ⣬Ҳ˸ȥ֮ʱպǣȥչ֮ءɻһȭܾȥչ֮صĽ͡
ɻʳĬ˵ͷȰ˵
䣬Ũ֮ʱˣɵǰ㳡ʿ׷׹ȥҲ뿪ʹлɻģڻʹھסԴǣһˣ߳˻ʹԴȥ
ҲûǴź룬ص˶ǵľ¥ڡ
ˡʧȥ˼䣬ƺܿĵӣҲ㹻ˡվڷĴԣ潥ڵգѾվһʱ䡣
Ǹȥˡˣ뿪ǡȥ壡̾Щƣˣ壬˺ܶ飬µĵλΪһУʧȥ˼ȽϣԵ΢
ҶɻʣЩ⡭ֳĬУһĻĻʵɻʵĵִûκɣֻһֱ
Σչ֮أҲȥҲãûҲգ򼸾仰ı䡣ֳУһƬƬѩ£ѩܵĵƻУͬһƬƬë·裬ʧ˵ƻӳİ
ѩϢŨ֮ʱֵڵľ¥䣬΢֮
죬º͡
𡣡תűƿЦվһͷɢ䣬ͷϻһЩûڻѩʹŮӣƾһ
ǣôȥɽĵɽûкҶѩ֣ҷʦ֮ȥɽһС
õ۴룬ȻҪȥ΢΢һЦ
ѩУ±ڣѩԽԽԶţӰҴңԽԽ٣뺣ӭѩڽֵϣǵг㼣ܿ죬ͱѩˡ
ǳضĵط⣬ƵԵʣ⴫ͣǰ治Զҵɽһ󣬺ܿͿԵɽˡ
㷽ŵӰ⣬ʱߣߵ֣ڡ
ӵɽͻߡֲŽµѩ֨֨ƽ˵
һƬžΨѩڣƾҲʧһһ֣ڣû˿⣬ʹֵҲЩɭ͸һɱƾѩҲ仯һصɱ
ǰеĽŲȻһ٣˫кһһǿҵΣУȻҲɫһͣ½Ų͵̧ͷܡ
зӡĲ
û֪㣡̽͡
ֳĬԶĿ⣬ȴǺŨ
ѩˡ


1978 ֣
ѩʣŮĿδڣǻϡѩǣһﳤ֣˾ɱ
뺣Ųͣٵɲǣǵǰǳ־ͷëѩƮٶȻһ죬ȴһǧŰپʮƬѩǰĳǣһ𣬺Ȼγһķεͼ
ķһ֣ٶȻֱֶ˶УѩۼʹСͣתۼ䣬ͻ˾һ㣬˻ĺХ˲١
ͬʱ뺣ǳֵĩˣͬʺХУγһεͼɷ죬մƮѩУ۶
һжǵʯ䣡
ǰӿΣûȥɺ𣬾ܴ뺣ƹ󣬵ָԼֱ
䣬һӰֱǰķͼȥ
ɫΪգ¶˷ŭŭ˾ԼȥɽĻᣬɱˣ
һԷɹ±ض䶯壬ʱʦȻᱻǣ
֪˿̲ǽ͵ʱһĽͣжǰ԰εĻ󣬺ͣϣȴ˶Բô˾֮˵ɱ
˼ȻתѺ󱳽ֵͬʱǻһֱٵͼ
£ǰķѩͼȻٽɲǣ沿ţ˲ϢȫɱУȴǺԥģѡչǿ
һȭʮ˸ӰûѩϣΪˣʮ˸Ӱֵһ˲ȫӳһȭֱںϺ󣬾൱Ǿʮŵͨһ
һȭڣ̺˶ʮͨԶʮͨʹܹʮŵͨлɢ޷ǿ֮
ֵһȭںУȴǶΣһζһɲص壬Ȼ䣬ǵһȭӶʮֱͨӱʮ
֮ڶһٵ˲䣬һȭڵͨȻʮŵ
ķͼɲǣֵһȭɲ٣ͨȻֱӴﵽڲ޷ʱǿľʮ
лϣʮͨʹʮŵʹһȭȻһ壬ķͼһ
֮ɲǼ侪춯أʹɫ䣬ѩڰڣѩȫɢͬΪ޺ڶһ㣡
ķͼ͵һȻһȭֱӱ߽⣡
˵ȴǴһɼΪȭͷֱڣʹһȭǰеĽŲһ
ڣȻһϸܵĴֵͬľѪ֮УγһɷӡȻڣͬ
ڵĥ͸ȴԸܣһ޵˴ڣʶʧȥ󣬷ɳ֮Ϊޣ
޵ֻڹʦϿ
ǽӡɣŲһ˲䣬ǰѩУȻûӰ˱ѩȫòһ㣬֮ͬʱطѩƣֱӭ
ͬʱֵ࣬ȻˣȫǱѩԺ壬ĴָҲСֵָȥ
ֵͬѩӰûǰ෴ֻƣ
ҲͰˣֵϷ˻ûѩӰûʩչֱֳָХ
ǰϣһʮˣһ˲ͬʱ֣¶ɱɱ֣
ʮˣÿһ˶ȻӵΪ˿ΧɱУȡֱӡһ˲
˫ĿһΣеͺһ˼ģչ˻ȫ֮ڵʹͲɴݻ٣ҽ͵һ̤
һضɽҡһ㣬ֵ屬޷ݵٶȣһǰжǺˣֱײ˵Ļӳϡ
飡
ѩӰѪǵʱǿ֮ʹķѩǱ¶˵ף
ߣòּΪİ
˺ȻˣǺУҲںˣһ֮´ˣ˫̧𣬺һץסһ˵ͷ­¶ɱ͵һ
Ȼ䣬Ѫɣ˱ֱӺɱȡԪ񣬸͵һУԪȫڣǺ󷽵һˣָٵĺУٴαײϣȫһУѪɢʹ
ʮˣ˲ˣµʮȴӰûаͣ٣ֱֶټ죬ת£ٽߣǰˣҧ⣬ѪչѪݻٶȱɲǾٽɣ
̧һӣһֱۣԿƣ
ȫһȫѩ¶òͬʱֱֵָ࣡
ָ£ɫ̲԰ףǽ֮ʹΪ޵ͬʱϿյֵͺ̧һȭһȭ£ѪȫѪģϵһ˺Хһ磡
ʹȫѪ˳ü£˫ڣʹǰ磬ΪѪɫ
˫ˮƽǱѪɫڣʹ˿侲û˿ԥֵͺ󲽣ʮˣų־ͷٳȥ
ѩ
ʱǰеĽ´أ˺죬ȴǵصȻӰӰһƬѩ룬ֺ˫У˸ϣ֮ص䣬ӰͬԪһ㣬Ȼֱȥ
ⳤǰ˿ٴλû˾ŸѩӰĿһ˼ֱֶͬʱ˫˴ķʽںһǵĳȻǵϿգûһ֣
֣󷽴˿̱ΧסΪ޷̫ãȴûɱֻǰΧ߳
ֻЩôֱѪص˫ĿڣһƬ侲˿ɷһŲǱȻһ١
һٵɲǣֵ⣬һ޴ţȻûţֵ̫ͻȻ죬˲ʵ֮󣬼ţ
ȣ̧ͷһ˲ţȻ𶯣һͷײǰıͷ䣬Ǳ˻ۿɼٶȣ£߽ͨ⣬ķѣ
ھӰǱڻûɫ¶ȻͬʱѪɫ԰е
ɱ¾ûн
ѩȴǸ


1979 Ѫս
ţûײǱͬʱ֣ʹʮӰֱܵӵĳ
ԶԶһһĻͬᣬ֮ܽ£ɴһ㣡
ǻĻϣһ޴Ľţڴأǽţ⣬ʮʿˣָţϡ
ȴӾУѪȻȥǵֱָۣͬͬʱѪģ
ǰưµˣ屬Ѫٺˣ
һţͷٵϿˣ˿ǽı˱ţͷ­һΣѪˡ
ҵģĺӰǻΪ˶ᣬ˿ɲǣȴǽţֵһ˲ţһţӰû룬̱һỊ̄
ţ䣬˫ǰһָûĽţǰȻȥ׷ǻ󵹾ľˣֱײĲҽлصǽţȴû˿ͣ٣ֱӳ嵽ⳤֵľͷȻ
ɱԺأⶫ̮ȴڱУֻ޾ѩܵһнȴ˿δ
˫Ŀͫһûаͣ٣һȥɲǳǰǱܿţˣɱһлһȻ޾ĲҽУǵȫѪ⾫Ԫɢ֮ɡ
ָͷֱۿٺ˵ˣۿǺХֳ֣ҵ˵ȫ֣ɣ
ͬʱǴȻһѹ˵ֵ˲䣬һն˺˵ˣһ֮УݣԪ·С
ַѩʺХ֮ںɨһȦֱΧƺľ˶ȥ
ǾĿ˷ſֲһĻĻ˿̷Χ𣬷ĺˣǵٶȣȴмΪ˲Ϣ׷ϣֱֻʣ˾ž߿ήĺǣ
һƬžغУںۣ¶ɫ԰ף¶ӰһѪѪڵĻѩУĿġ
ߣǰһȥֱǰ־ͷ
ҧ´ں̶ֳȵɱ¾ΪѾȫȥɱٳʮˣЩÿһȻΪ
ڶ࣬ʿǴ󲿷ֶӡֻʮˣȴǴδΪİ
ǲʿǱǿ̶ȣ˶ʱ䣡ǰ֮ȷΪʮ˵Ԫȫɺ󣬱ЩԪȴǲӲһЩʱſɡ
ֻһҲֻ۳һѡͨԪգжϳǴʱ䣬ֻһʱ
ĪĴۣڣһʱΪ
չٶȵľʮ˸ӰٶһսҲӲ١
ⳡɱ֣йʦӰӣ֮ǰֵķͼ̺һ޷ȫ⣬ֻӳٰˣܰӡƿӰҵսӣӼ۶ߣѩھ볤־ͷԽԽ
ڵЩԪҲ䣬ȴһƬģĨȥ
˵رţα֮ҪĽȴ޷㣬˵رŤתǬ´˾֮ʱԷȻ뵽˵ľԮ
˵Ǿõ۴ӪȣҲöˣ´˾֣ض׼һԴ˽һйϢȥƾõ۴
ȻһУǴ˾ֲǾõ۴ΪǰᣬֱӦǾõۣǲ˴˾֮ˣȴյһҵɱУǰͷתźǳ־ͷȻȥ
ʱѩУȻӰǰûƮڰգ֣缲۶
˻δٽ̾нӽԾΪ֮ɢ
˺󣬻Ӱڷѩ߳ˣȻ߱ԾΪĮעУ̧𣬷ѩڶʱڷХ޴ĺɫӭ̾ؼ䡣
ʹߣһϳ
İԾУڼͼףʮˣӵлˡضҲֶߵԾսֱ˻
ǣһģΨɻʣ
¶âŲһ̧һƿߵĺ
ӣ˺ǲ㣬ս㲻Ҫ֣
֡ɫĽͣһӼ䣬ȴƳʮɣĿֽŲһ𺣵ķɶֱ꣬ǰ˶ȥ
ˣ׶ڣ磬ǼٵĽӽ֣
ַѩزкѩ罥ʺХУɱˣչⳡɱֵĵڶηɱ¾
ɱ˫Ŀͨ죬ͺһֹûٵˣٶȥ
ⳡɱ¾û˿Σǰˣûʩչֻ̫ͨʽһ۷ѩ֮γһƬѩ֮ɨؼ䣬޴ľֱ֣
ڶʽԱ
˲Ϣ侪춯أһնǷѩ֮˵Ա֮壬̧ǰȻһӡ
ʮŸӡھʮΪ棬һͬɽԱĳԿ
޴ĳ޷ʹô˵ؽӰϿ̾˺ɫߵĺˣ۶ⳤУ˲Ϣһ
ѪһȫȻһüһѪߣֳ룡
ǰʮɣһļ䣬ֹ֧أһѪڵѩУð
ֹ֧ŵɲǣͻȻķѩУȻһֳֻֻ֣Ϣƾһֱӵֺԣ
һָһ˵죬ǲڵģ˿ȴһ㣬ĳ֣
һָ£ͷߴ˲䣬ûлͷ͵ǰ壬Ťת֧ŵĹֱӺɨָȻһ
֮صֵĹ˴ѷ죬ȻƬɢУ侲ףƶԴ˵ıû˿⣬׼ڵƬɢɲǣ˫Ȼ¶˶ĿĽ⣡
⣬еǿûпʼͶ÷һֱ̣Ϊľָĳ֣
Ҳָ֮ˣķͼֵս
Žĳ֣ڵĽ̴ֽͬʱݻ٣ȫս˲ϢָͬʱǹǵƬĽ⣬ȻɢУһ󷨣
ֽƱԴɣ󷨶˵ֿԲã
ԹǵƬ˫ĿԷĽ⣬γһСΧʱֵ̧ͬһָӭŽ⣬ƾճֵָһ


1980 ߣ
һָս۷壬߱޷֮ͷţһָ⣬ص¶֮ԴǻûγģУ
еһָ֮ڣڵȥͬʱΪֹƬ˫ĿڵĽ⣬ʹֵ޷֮ⷶΧĵƬγɵУ̶ȵͷų
һУɱһָ֮ˣɱԸˣɱôضɱˣ
ַѩУƾճֵָɱ¾һָһɲǣȻһ
ѩ£˫ָ˲䣬̺ĹѪĵ֮ȻǶԷָһ
䣬ڵ۵ľʮŸӰںϳһټţ֮Ϊ˵ڶֱǶԷָ
֮춯أžķѩҹ籼׹ܣ׼ǰĺú˫һ޷ǰС
ǶԷָһ֮УѪ˿磬ַһָЩ޷ܡ
һлûнֵû֮ԴУ˿ںһ˳ָ⣬Ϊ˵̺һĵ
¡ֵָҲѪ˿ȴû˿ͺǰƶȥ
յĵĲֵ޷֮˫Ŀ͸⣬ָͬʱܵĹǵƬâʹֵָһ˲׵׳Ϊ˽ɫ
ɫһָ
ս۷壬ʹƾճֵĶԷָ໥жԿһɲȻ
ڶԷָһ˲һƽڻص
ʧȥʶۺ󣬱֮ΪУ
⻰Ļȴָۿɼٶȣٴ۳·˿δָһ
˴ڣʶʧ󣬱֮Ϊգ
ڶ˫ָһɲֵָ̺ĵ֮Ȼɢƻޣ֮⣬۵ͨţ֮Ҳ֮ʧ类紵ߣӴڣޡ
Ҳɹ£ɢ֮Դȴɴڣ
ԴһбԴһĸ򣬶ڵٵı֣κɢ
ûбɢģֵ޷Ľ⣡
صѪٺǰһӣ󷨵ĹǵƬ˸ֱͬҪ۶ָȥ
֣֮ʹ÷ѩһ٣ȴٴ۳ָǵƬĺХ٣֧飬ܿ죬˵Ĵ۶ļ
ֺ֮ټ죬ת֮¾ٽⳤֵľͷǴ˵رıԵ俪Ϳ뿪ⳤ֣߳ɱ֣
ٽⳤ־ͷһɲǣȴⳤԵϣͻȻһ޵Ĳ˽ٸѩģ֮Ӱ
ٸӰһ˫Ŀ¶ĮڳֵɲǣȻÿжһѹ׼֣ң⹭ұ˲䣬ѩٷݣֱ˶ȥ۳һ֧ѩ
һ֧ѩɵһ˲ͬʱѪǼϣǵۿɼٶȣ̿ήһѪǵһжһ㣡
ʿ˫ͫһγɱֳֵˣָ⣬ȫʿȫΪۣĹµľ棡
־棬һΣȴûһڱȽϣҪ֪ɱ֣ЩҪɱ֮˱ҲԼһΣԵȴһںʿ
գۼ䣬ȻɢǶû£ȫɻңǰǹȴѱǵʧһ춯أ
Ļһ֧ѪɫķѩӸλֱֶȥһ֧һٵֱĳ磬ٶ֮죬˲ٽ˿Ļᣡ
˫У͵һƣͷ׷ң˫Ŀ˸УȻһɫ̫ѩҹлû
ֵ̫˲䣬ɢضΪڵĴ󺣣Ǻˮľͷգɢɢڰ
ҹ
һٵİ֧Ѫڰںһ𣬱˺ҹɨϵ졣
£ֵص
ţһкڰڹǰ𣡡
ţһдڶڳޣ
ţһп޶޷ֻأ
ֻ䣬ǽɫ̫Ȼ˸ǿĹâǰ֧ǵ۶ָҲ£˴Ŵ֮ð˴ĺ
ͺ˫͵һӣǲҹ̫֮ǰĺȥһ·ɨҹɢճֵָ̫ɲǣֱӱ
źĳܵĹâɢһжָ糣ɻⳤ֣ɻǷѩ죡
ϵȴߵ˺ȱڣƬ֮Ƭǲҹûлƿǳϴ͸ȥ
Ѫ˺ȭ͵һȭⳤֱıԵһȭ£ⳤֵնʱŤ
ȴŤУһεĻ֣Ȼ絹۵룬ⳤڣɲǳֺʧŤƣ̿ˣⳤ⣬Ȼһϥ۵ʿ
ЩʿһƱĳһǣ£˴˵صĽ
Ӳһƽⳤϻصĳ֣Ǳһָٴλû
Ϊɱ㣬һγǿ
УⳤϵŤɢɢһУģȫĻޣڡ
ֻ续ʧɲǣֿʿУ͵̧ͷһҩֱӱǵԪһ˿ֱⱻĳֶ
ͬʱⳤڣȻƾճģķѩӰڳֺһΪֶȥ
˫ĿƽȴɭȻڣתǳӰĿ⽫Ǵ͸һ۶ָϣָƯڰգһ
Ȳĳ뿪ôգĳԲˣ⿪ɱֵ÷ǽȫɱ¾˾Ȼƿֵİ׷ǹӳڸĵطкɫͷҪɺɫ
˫ۣ侲͸һ飬飬ǶĮû˿ڣһ̵֣粻֮ѩ
ұԸɱ¾٣ȡɱ¾֮˫Ŀϣ˲ͬսɽٵͬʱڵɱ¾ԴһΣΪ
ҲͬǵһΣɱ¾ϣɿ˽ƱԴɿ̫ԴʹΪɱ¾Ĭ𣬱


1981 ڷ֣
ɱ¾˻Ĭںһγһɱ¾
̺ĴڣһкڰԴȪһı֣
˫Ŀ˲䣬˫ڣûн⣬еֻһƬڣڣȡͫףͷۿɼٶȣȫΪ˺ɫ
ɫĳɫ˫ۣɫ֣
֪״̬Դĵһ㡭¶΢Цֻ΢Цκ˿һ
΢Ц͸Ĳǿ֣ǲ̣
ԶĺڿЦݵһ˲ͨ䣬ǰ֮ˣϤ֣ȫİ
ڷ֣һֿ־ĸоͬһ㣬Ӳ˺
гֵָҲһɲǣջأڣ¶˫֮˫Ŀ
ɱ¾ʼɡֺڷһ̱죬ȴɫƾճ֣ܣһֱǰٵӰȥ
Ӱηʿ˵ĿģΪۣǵѹĥ
˿̣ۿڷһٵĽŲӰȴһ𶯣˿Ѿû·
ڷ¶̣˫Ŀֱٽٵˣ̧ǰȻһУɫγһƬɫ֮
ص䣬ǰļʮˣٵɲǣ׷Ա֮죬Աγɵ֮
ǣܿԺ俪أǰȴǴһɢ֮£ֱǰ
Ǳ֮ˣһ̲У飡
磬ˣȫϵػû֮ٵӰ׷׺飡
֮죬ת۳һѩģӰ̧֮Ӱһ㣬һ֮Уɫ˸ʿ䣬ֱӱ
һΣ˸вϵɱ¾Ʋ֪ƣûʹԱγɵϣ޷˿ͣ١
󣡡̶̵Ϣ䣬֮ˣȻһ֮࣬µİˣһ˵ĵͺУ໥һһ󷨣ɲγɣ𶯣е緢ӿУȻһֻ޴ƣͨɫûֱڷһץ
ֽŲûͣ٣˫̧䣬Ȼٺɫƾճ֣̺Ļɱ¾֮˿˿̣ûʹͬɵǣֱֱ۶ȥ
䣡
ֱȻڰˣȫͬʱ߳Ѫ˫ĿȴǸӷҪǰУͻȻǰղһ֮ǰʧָȻ֣һָü֮ϣ
һдڣޡһָ£ؼص
ָ£ȴ͵̧ͷ˫ĿŨȴû˿ɢļ
𱾾һдڳΪޣ֮Ҳɢ̧һȭǰأһȭУճִŤһ˵ƺߣŲƻصǵüĵָɢ
ָɢ˲䣬ⳤԣȻǧģӰЩӰֺ֣
ǲ֮ŨĿз֮ɫ죬͵תУͷڷƮȻӳŰ˷۶ȥǧӰɲ
صǧӰڱڷɲǣȫѡԱγһɻصУ
䣬ڵѪ󲿷ֵĺȴǱ˿ɢɱ¾Կ
ϣٴγǧӰ֮һǧ˻ûһεɱ֣Ҫɣ
ɫУ̧ؿڴһץ
ţ߿ͺ䣬͵һ˺Ȼؿڣקһõţ꣬һУϣûţ
֮ڷ˫ĿķȻʧһƬŵƽϣɻǲ̵΢Ц
ʧȥ˻úڷֵΪͬʱϵɱ¾ϢȴǱϢ£ֵ⣬һ˿˿ŨһΣֱǧ˶ȥ
ɱ¾ǺУϵسţͬħÿɱһˣĺ˿ͻһ
ÿɱһˣǺİһ֣
ɱ¾£Ƭ֮ǧӰ˺ֵ⣬Ѿ޾ƣӰ
ʱں⣬ʧָٴγ֣ݺݵһָȥָֻûȵ㵽ͱһץסЦ͵һק
һק֮£аֱֻ۱ק
ҳץָͺһͷײȥغֱͬʱٴδ˵ƺߣ
ˣȫ˵أɱˣڣƺɢɱ¾
ĳ֣ȴⳤԣһӰٻûת֮£Ӱռһλú˿ȥả𣬶ֱֶȥ
ڷ˺ֵϣ˫ĿһƬţǵĲ΢ЦƺܲЭȻ̧üĺݺݵһģ
ҳȥһ֮£ӾҵĲصӰȴһ֮УĴ
ɫΪأг˺ߣȥ
ȴǺڷ֣ʧȥΪͬʱɱ¾ϢȴǸΪ
ƱԴҳȥ
̫Դȥ
Դһȥֵ֣һͺ£ڵıԴȻһһ⣡
˿̣Ӱٽڵ֣͵̧ͷ˫ţǲ̵Цݣȴɢ˲٣һΣ֮ˣɱ
ϣƬ̺ѪҪ֧ǿҲ޷˵ĺɱ
֮٣ҳȥڵַһУӲȴ֮ԴҲıƳ壡
˿̵ĺڷֻ֣ԴһΪĬһΪɱ¾ûκеֻһ߱壡
ĺһɲǣȻһɫĳۣϣͷȫı˺ɫ˫Ŀţû˿΢Ц˿ͬĻ
ƽٵˣ˫ۣ˫Ŀպϵһ˲ˣȻһڷٴ˫ʱˣȫǰɢ
ɢȥģⳤ֣ԵᣬȫϢΪʷĳ˷档ǷѩҲڽУһһΪ˺ɫ
֮ˣӡڤ֮ܵߣຣʧУૣ̧һץͻȻһָָϣһ
ǵһָһ飡һק֮£һȫɢɫâӰڣһק˳
㲻ǹʦûȥɫâӰקɿֱסӰĲӣٴһ
ӰӾҵĲȻ
㡭㲻֣˭𾪿žĺҹڣص
ڷתͷĮĿӣһȥ


1982 ӵĳĬ
㡭㵽˭ɫΪ԰ף˫¶޷ݵľ֣ʶĺˡ
֣Ҳ֣ҵ֡Ӧý¾Ĭڷֲһźȥɫᣬû˿ڣĮ
ںߣֵɫΪأźڷ֣ܣԴ̫Դ֮Դƣɢ֮⣬ңңĺڷֶԿ
ɱ¾䣬ȡΪĬ١Ǻɫ־˺УֵǰһŻܵ౾Դǰڷֶ
ֻ뱾ԴۣҲңڷֿ
Ҽȳ֣ɱ¾𲻻أ㡭ɢɣڷ˫Ŀû˿â̧һӡ
һ֮£ȴ¶֮⣬ȴǺȻ״̬ȻԴԴһֱڷֵֶڣʧ
ڣң㣬˭ڷںǰͣ½Ųź𣬻ڣ仰ɭ̺һɱ¾
ɫ԰ףſҪ˵Щʲôȴûпڡ
õûȥɽɡ
һεɱ֣Ϊգҳɡ
ݣǾõ۵ĵ⣬ڹʦһɣ
ɽڣǶƲǷ裬һѡ㣬Ϊһ½Զ磬㡭⡭
˵ʦһţ⡭ڷƽĿڣÿһ仰˵úɫΪ԰һ֣󣬺ҧ´Ĭã̧ͷ֡
ҵı𣬻Щ̫ˡͿߣȴûѡšڷҡͷ̧ɫ侲͸飬һź¡
Ҫɱˣ
һ£ԽԪ
û㣬˫ʱ˳۽£ûһ͡
ۿһ˲Ϣٽ뺣鲻磬ʹúӲҪɲǣͻȻһɷƿԺ俪أ޵ƾճ˺󣬻һӰӰձһߣһץסһקͬʱ̧ڷֵһƣȻһ
죬ڷһȫǷ֮Ҫըһ㣬һ۸˳߲ʱ˲ۣٴλۡ
ڵھŲڷͣɫ糣û˿⣬ĿǾ˺ӵߡ
õۣ
ߣǾõ۴ɫأѺӾºͬ֡
һεɱ֣˹ʦһ⣬㡣ڷƽĿڡ
ɱ¾һֱڲ²⣬㵽ƾʲôʮ߲㣬Ϊ߱ȻܴﵽֲΡ
ԭϣɱ¾õ۴˫Ŀͫŵһƣֻ̺֮öԷ˺˾Ų
һɱֵԭô˵һεɱ֣˾֣ɻ󡣡ڷƽ˫ĿڣΪ䣬һΣȻֱõ۶ȥ
һ֣
ȴûǾõ۲Ϊأ̧䣬ɫ䣬ȴķѩ˲Ϣ۶һ޴ѩɨֱ֡
Ҵ˻ɱ¾ڷ̧ѩµɲǣȭһȥ
һѩԿ˺죬ȴѩֵ̱ȴ߽ͬ⣬УȻı䷽ֱõ۶ȥ
õüͷǴĺٵɲǣ˫̷̧ǰһԲӡǣ˲䣬ǿƾճҫصĹââ˫ֽӡɢֱֿ
âɢٵĺ䣬ƺڰһζԿתۼ䣬âɢǾõ۽ŲûŲ㣬˫ۣȴ¶쾫⣡
ǰЩڸ˹âǾõǰһ𣬻˺ڷ֡
սʤϷ򣡡õ۴֣ϵ˫Ŀ͸ľУתļ
ڸǲסɱ¾Ļ𡣡ڷֻڡ
׷Ծ𡭡ڷԾ𡭡֣С㣡һΣ޹ģ㣬Ӵ֮󣬽֮£һʹõ̧һץн˸ȻУһƴСĽɫƬ
۲д˽ۼһƬԴɣõ˵ţһӣƬֱֶȥƯǰһ
ɼƬõ۴ĿһۣתʼճĬĺһʧӰ
ʧֵĽȻʧȥܵķ棬ȴڣı䡣
һҹ֣Զߣг̧ͷɢڰʹôֹ
ڷվ̧ͷգĬ˺ܾá
ʱţԶĳգӶӣͬһ㲨ƣ֮ɫ˹âۿɼٶȣ˳ǵĶǣٵչ
Ǵ˹ĲƳⳤ֮ʱһǹâĲƾԼԽԽϣһɨ
ͷâɨУӺɫΪ˰׷˫۵ᣬɫı䣬Ҳڰ׷ֺ󣬳Ϊƣɪ
ûκηȥǿѹɱ¾ռףɱ¾֮ʱһж޷ı䡣
Ӵ֮£ǰ׷֡ںҹУΪڷ¾Ĭͬճ䣬Ѹı䣬޷֮ѹƣѡ
ףֵϣͣ
̾һںӣûм׷Ѱȥ˼̧ǰɼƬǱ׿ţתԶȥ
Ҫ뿪ˡһУҲãԴҲգҶȥ˼
ֵӰʧԶѩɣëƮ
ⳡѩ˺ܾãֱ峿ѩһֱ䣬˴أͬһ¡
峿ִ뺣վ˶ǵĳ⣬ͷǣƽĵȴš
ʱ䲻ãεĿ£˷ܵĿԶӰһˣŴɫĳ
һã⼸ʼһֺĸоָоڽյ峿ⶫڡ
ߣӴҡڣ֮ҲΪ⼸һĺķ꣬һ
ף㣡̵ģ㾹Ȼڱǰ֣ǷԶͿ̵֣۾ߣӣҪ
ڿֺҲһ㶡
ҪˣǸңֿųķӣ̾Ŀϣڡ
ĻﴫʹԺ䣬һӡļɶһĻĻǰ£˲Ϣ䣬ͷ


1983 ɽл
Ӳ㶵֣ԺڣֳһĻĻ˫ˮ
֣˱Էħͷ
ǧĸ棬ԼһУɷӵԴǡ
ļ䣬ֱֳ뿪ǰתһ˲ȫѹ
ӣһ£˫ۣ¶ϲ֮ɫ߼Խ˷ӣ߸һƿ⿴Ҫ׼к롣
˰ƿ˼վ֮ǰλϣϵľϲϰԵİġ
ӣСڼˣˣСÿҹʱ˼޲ꡣ
ӰСӶҳϣ¶ı䣬ǰа仯ҵӣһǣһҲǣһӻǣ±ӣ±ӣǰ
ӣɱҲܰҸ߰ɣϵɽ»𺣣һüͷ
ӣȻˣҸʱİЩ˵ãǰҵˣҶӵģ˿ԱȽϣӣҵˣ˵ţʹ˼˫ۣӲһĿɿڴУ˼Ƽˮ
һ߼˻ľϲУݺݵĵһۣڸ룬ߵһˣ
ߺߣû˱Ҹ˽ɷˣүүɷǵʱССӣ֪ƭأҲҸ裿̵ģղŵı飬ǾÿԳˣ
ߣҪн֪үүɲǳصģ
˫һɣһ£˵мӰ˿ԥһ£ҪڣȻߴһ˻
ȴСָֻϸĺԭſļϣ˿ֺ͵̧ͷݺݵĶ
һһжʱһ
ٿ룬ʱɫ¶⣬ضЦ
ҿ֮ǰԤ⺣ڣҿţһ⣬̧ںϸ˫ĿƵ
û˫ĿеĻ𻨣ǿĻסķӡ
˿Ѱ鷳ǿһҪ޳ӡ
С졭С죬㡭ղ˵ʲôҲôôӣӣӣ˭ӡӺǽǰһס
߻ôһˣͷǷһۣĻָ˿̿ӵĿ⣬ʱ˲ͬ͸ڶʱϻȡѪ֮ʱһ
ɿ֣үүֻһӣɷɷ¶Ӣӣ˵ٵɨһ֣һѺԼûɷߣЩ˵©
߿үүæѿ˼̧ͷͦأʾҳϡ
һѹ˫̺ˣֶʱ
㣬СүүҵС죬ҵС찡С찡С찡ǰҪȥֵĲӡ
ָӵǰֵķӣ̾һ
ӡǣΪһǲң͵£һκˣӡˡֱ˫ۣɷԼĲӣһ֮ɢƶ˳ɡ
ſ˫ۣתƽԭȥ
æں棬˿ȥǷӣڸʱ໥ĿĶֻĵ⣬ȴΪŭΪϵĺͬݺݵضԼ
̵ģʣүүֻһ˫۾ߣһ˫۾ӦȻԺλֹ
˵Զȥվڳ⣬ԶӰ૲ϡ
С졭С졭ôôءļһС죬ҪҸ磬ԣҪʦ
ߺߣʦˣӺȻһ㶣͵̧ͷңԶһ£ԶȥӰ
֡֡һԺںĳַӡɿļҪһЩʲô
磬֡ޡѡӲԽӾ룬Ժһһ档
ǻУǰˣһͬһУУԼʼѰңԼֱϵǸӡĺۼ
ʶֱ̧ۣӵͷһȴֱϣԭտյƤУһӡĺۼ¶
ӡסֱۣܾҲûɿһ
˫ۣûʶˮˮ˳£˵ϵĻѩϣˣ
ˣԼڶһʬ壬ԼѪʬ帴
ˣʬ֣󣬶Լܺá
ˣεһĻĻ
ˣԼһѺ󣬿ĸ磬˺󣬱һƬģƱӡУĸʩչĳͨ
ֻǵãģļĿ⣬ĸ˫ɢĿ⣬£־壬뵽Ѱֵİ
ˣ
֣֡֡ʦ𣡣ӲУ͵Ĵһ
صأԶ֣һһʦһ֣͸֮⣬͵ת
תһɲǣ˫ĿͫȻǳӵͻȻһɫУڣ߳һˣ
˴Żۣŵ۹ڣɻʣֺ˫Ŀ̧ͣ˷ӵļϡ
һ£˫ĿʱãֱϵӡʧӰ
֣뿪ʲͣǼָҪȥʹµչ֮أȫָɻ΢Ц֣ӰһΣãķӣһɫУʧӰ
ѩɣһкƻþͬڣվԶĿ˷ŵһУĬƬ̺˫¶쾫⣡
չ֮أ͸չ֮ڻʹ£ôҪȥɫǡ
ӷŵĺǼѡһУɻʵĲ߻ԷΪգҲȥȥع
ǲʹͣûѡȥع˳֮ɱ볤ɱϵɻʱضȥҪɱ֣ãɱʧܺɱ¾٣õһս
ʶԸԳ֣ٳһƣԷȥǵع
չ֮أع浽״ʲôأɻΪμҪȥҵȥǲȥֳĬУ͵̧ͷ˫Ŀ¶ϣ
Щ飬֪ΣգЩˣҪȥ
̧һӼ䣬뻹Ǻ봢ռ䣬һˣһ֮峿ķѩУǣһĿ꣬ǵع


1984 
ǵ峿ѩ죬̫Զ£ģѩ͸һɿɴ
ֻͷŷѩȥ
һöнǵ֮һ˫ӴԼǹԼ
Ҫʱ˫ӴԽٶǹ˫Ӵ𣬶ֵĳŵ
ҲĴڣʶ֪ɻΪУ٣
Ƕǳ֮£ѩǽ赲ϡ˲٣վǳµӰڣֵͷһеһ飡
ɲǣȴϺ˫âȻ˸ֵǰһ󷨣͸ɣڸǼΪӣһд֮ã
󷨹â˸䣬СŮӰûСŮϡ˫ۣ˯бٻһСŮﻹһż
ףʲôط
С֣㰡
СŮ˿ܺĿϣ¶ϲ顣
ְݼ˫Ӵ𣡡ֱȭһݡ
ðݲðݣ˺ǿˣû뵽ôͼ棬ˣСأг
԰ҶСˡСŮһ˷ܡ
˵ǣ˫ӴǵãǵԼƽڡ
Լˣ˵ҪʱҪǳְһΣô
˭ˣߺߣǼС֣һΪСŮ̾һƶڴ֮飬Ϊԡ
˫Ӵ𣬰ĳסɻһЩʱգҪȥһ˵عǰСŮڡ
ɻʣû⣡СŮ໥Ŀһ˫ڣһ˿أȴûٶѯʣǱ˴ջĿУһΣֱ̻Զʹȥ
Ƭ̼䣬һǴĵĻʹڣкңң
ǳ£Ŵص𶯣ֱ˫ۡ
ɱ¾䣬ȡΪĬ𡭡֣Ըٻ֮Сૣɫĳۿɼٶȣӷʼ̳Ϊ˺ɫ֮ʣƮѩͬı䣡
ѩΪ˺ɫǺɫѩƮУγһɷ籩籩Хھ֮ϣͷȫΪɫһɲǣĻеѩҲ׳Ϊ˺ѩ
ѩڣͬڸ峿գʹǶǵĴأȻΪһƬ
ϣĺɫѩŰĻڸ˴룬˫ĿĿһƬᣬڷ֣Ӧں֣˿̣ͨѩīڣԺѩסĻ˺ڰ
ԶԶһǼΪ죬䶫Ϊҹ·ɻǰ죬Ǵڵʿ˿һ̳䣬̧ͷգÿ˵ɫϣкȻ𾪡
ܿ죬Ǿ˲ϢܵԶǳŷһĻϢϢԵԾи֮ˣȴڵһʱ䣬뵽뵽ĩ
ֻǰȥϵİɫ߳бɢһ˿˿ȡȫʹ˿ӰֻһԽԽŨĺ
ֵǰУĻ϶ǵĺѩֹͬһ㣬ѹѹһƬԶɣÿ߳һյĺڰ֮ɢһ
ұѽɱ¾𣬱׼뿪˵ءɻʣȷҪôգҪܻ֮ʼһȥĺУƺɫĻȼգһ㣡
֮ʿ׷Ŀ־壬ĿĺǵУһϢ֮Ļߣ
֮أѩڻ겻ʯʹõΪ˺ɫķ棬ֲһɱ¾ʴǺѩڻĸá
ܵĽֵǰУڶ̶̵һ˲ȹ£֮󣬻ɻңΪ˳
ӶǣһĻʹȥ̫󣬹ʶ·̼ΪңԶ˿̣Ƶÿһ£кɫĲƻصⲨɢУڰȫںϣ֮죬ƻʵȴֻ
յĺڰǼٵɹڵӰӶǵĴƶŻʹ
ʿڴ˿赲ֵĽŲǺȻУԶԶĿźڰ٣ֱѹɡ
һ·棬ӶʹӣֵӰڲ֪úߵ˻ʹ֮ʱ󣬲ǳأֻʷĳ
ʹ⣬ڼ׽зӣһĶ֣Ǻ棬Ӱӻʹĸɳ
ϣ˿̷ɫ䣬ȴ̫ڣһΪɫһΪɫɫ̫ڣ˫Ӵǽɫ̫Уǻɻʣ
ĽսʹغһƬģƻص˷
˫Ӵôʹ棬ΪΪɣĪǻҪִȥɻʵϻصź죬չ˾˵ͨ
վڻʹ⣬͵̧ͷкȻϻһɫۣĺڷӣһЩǽɫ̫˫Ŀ¶û˿Į
ȫ۳ۣȴյĺڰīһһĻʹǰֳ룬һǺڣһǽмΪ
ɱ٣ұԸȥ׷ֻȥԸɱ¾䣬㡭Էӱ˵ءˣ˫ĿΪĮû˿˫ۣȻǰʹ⣬ڼ׽ǻʹд˿̷ɳһӰ
̧ţǰһ̤һ£ȫȻɢһƬĺƣֱǰɨȥ
һɫأ֮ʱͺÿ˵׶ɢڹ⣬γһɷɷһ𣬺ȻںϳΪһɣ
һɷҵȻһֻ޴֮ޣͷβȴû꣬޽ǣǱĹͼӡ
ޣ䣬壬һе֣
꣬һͬ
ڼ׽֮꣬ɷɣ˿ֱ̳֮ƶȥ
˲Ϣ䣬ȴɲǣ̲˻
ǿɷɱɱ¾ǰɢ
û˿ͣ٣ɨУб·ڼױһѪӺƱȻ
ǻʹţƺХУ˲߹꣬Ϊ˸࣬Ȼ̮̮ڰս٣֮ʹĴسΪ˺ɫŵһн׷׷ɻң
򵹾ĺڼױ˿һȻƵһҽо춯أƴӹʹڵĹ㳡۳ڷ֮ʱڼױΪ˲к
һͬɢ


1985 ʦ
ԶʹٵʿͻȻı仯һͣɫ԰ף¶֣˿һڰգĿϡ
Ļʹû¹ѩڷƽڣ̧һӣȴڸǬĺڰڽкȻһƬƬɫѩƮʹ⡣
ѩƮ䣬ƴ֮裬ӴĻʹۿɼٶȣٵĸ
ʱȴԶʹڣΨһһнɢǽ⻯һ㣬Ű˷ɨ֮ʹƱ˽£
⣬ǻʹǿ󷨣ƻ
УԶͷϥһˣһ£Ŀңңֶ
֣ǰ֮ˣǲ֮ʱĹʦ¶΢Цվڵķһȥ
һ֮䣬ʹӰһ㣬·һռصʹʦŲʱվǰǧĴ֮վ紵
ҵѺܾáˣ
̧ͷǴ֮ϵĹʦ˿Ļɻ˫ӽսϣʱ޷ⳡĽսѷֳʤ˫Ӵȴסɻʣ޷ֳ֣
ɻ⣬ʹڣֻһʦӵйĪΪ
ֳĬûпڣҽ̧Ŵһ壬֮춯أܵʿһѡ˱ܣǲǹʿûκţеֻǹʹ󲿷ֵĹ֮񣬶ԻȨзЧң壬ȨĴڣһ
ڼУ
˿ǿ־֣Ǻԥѡܿ
ֽŲ£رһѷΪģƿ˵Ƥһ㣬ĵ£һ𿪵ѷ죬ֱǹʦڵĴȥ
һѷ죬ͬһٽɲǣϵĹʦ΢΢һЦ̧ǰһӡ
һдڣɳޡֻӶУµӶѷ죬ͬ˿һ㣬˲ϢʧӰڡ
ڳɱ㣡̧ͷǹʦڡ
ɱ֮ˣңҲңǹʦ΢Цȭ쿪£ȴڣһâС˻ûС˳ֺŹʦݡ
ȥţܻܵ꣬һʵϣȴǲͬʦһӣС͵̧ͷһηɳڰͣת۾ͻѰСӰֱֶȥ
Ӱ֮죬ںϣٽֵɲǣȻ̧糤ʱһһץҲ࣬˸䣬ڣסٵİɫӰһ飡
Ϊʲôֱ˫ۣϢ
ԶǹһӶ֮߳ˡ硭硭ҲãҲգ磡
ٳͨӵУ½ϣڣˡٳ磬һ֮ͨʵϣУ
壬ڸ֮󣬰Ѵڳȥ½ʸţдһ磡
硭ΪĴڣṩӴҲô壬ȴôֻҪ˱ôͿɳΪⲿˣɣ
ǶҲǲһ㣬ʲô̫أҲ֪
ֻ㣬ޣתķԶ壬˳
ǲֵܳ飬ʷУδ֣ʦ˫Ŀ¶˷֮⣬֣Ŀе˷ܣԽԽŨ
˵һ½Ҳ˵ͨ½ϴġǹʦ䣬ǰһӣȴʹһƬŤƻһĻռ㣬յһɢظı䣬ǹҲ˲ʧ
Ĳڵλãûб䣬ռȴתȻǻʹڣԴ֮ͨٳһͬĿռ䣬ʹɻڣʵϣȴһ磡
һĴһ޴֧ţÿһϣоĻȼգӳĹС
ӣĻÿһڣһűĿģ֡
Զһɽεļ̳Ǽ̳ϣʦվҲûж·һռ䣬Ǽ̳ǻʹ֮
̳ǰһ޴Ѫɫˮأϥһˣˣڤ˫ĿգɫڳĪʹ࣬ȫ𣬸һ˵Ĳɣ֡
̳ܣΧžŸӣÿһϣһɫǱһƯڼ̳Ϸ
Ǿӵģ˩һˣ˴Żɫͬ˫ۣȫᴩԲѡ
ˣǷӡ
壬ʹʱٳνĵعһйʹĽϵʦ΢Ц֡
ֵĿԵķӣĬƬ̺󣬻ڡ
ɻʣֶαΪ£
벻ǹʦ֣˫Ŀ¶֮â˵
ӵ֮Ӧһҿ԰㣬ΪĴУΪ½ĵһˣ
ɫɱ䣬û˶ݣֻǹʦ
ɻʳﱸ˶꣬ΪľǷ󷨣ⷵһɹӵΪΪڶ棡
ҿ԰㣬ɻûвУΪʦ촽֡
߱ʸǴΪṩĶ߳㡭
߲ǣߣ߲ʹִϹʦĻȻڣ仰һǹʦɫ˱仯Ȼֹ˫ĿֱĶ֡
ɫ糣֮ʦЦ
ûǿǳǿ屻ֻܹ˳Ҿ󲿷ֵ𣬶Ҫ󣬷׸棡
ϣ˴еķӡ֮ˣԶ޷뿪ǣҾԴϣ輫Ϊÿһɻʣһð뿪ɣŵ棬Ϊ콾뿪һ
ʶЧÿһɻʣ飬Ҫı䣬Ҳ˸ıĻᣡ
֪Զʱɻʱɱ㣬˽棬ԸɣҼΪᣬʶ˵Ϊ󻼣Ҫɱ
ȻҴ˻һ˵˻ɣ壬ûг֣ɳ̫죬Ԥϣȴд㣬֮ڵعȫڤ
󷨣ѡ֮ˣڤ𣬶ѡ֮ˣ֣õ۶ɻвܴ󣬹ʶڣԸԳõ۵ĻɣԲ˲ʱ룬˳еɱ¾ɱ¾ٵһĻ𾪣ԲǼգֱɹˣ
֮ҲعΪΨΨһս֮ʱҲſڴ˵أ˵ⷬǰ¹ʦĿ֡


1986 һΣ
ڤôӦ˵翵ΪӦɻʦɡɫƽĬڷûаʦ
Ǽ̳ϵĹʦԷԴ֮Ī⣬һ㣬ֿȷνĴУô֮£
֪Ҫôϣ˵Ϊ洫ʧ٣δ֪⴫УУֻڣǹʦ
±ӣɻѾ׼Ϊȫ棬ҵһ콾ڤ𣬴ûѪʱͿƾ֮Ϊ֮ԾһˣӵѪΪԱ
ĺޣɱ㳬ԽִţôǿִԴִ֮ĳɵİգͦʹ࣬ɹƳѪеɱΪһΪ
ʱǵڶ棬ɻڤ˶꣬вɻʲôֶΣſԿǷɹǿڤ
Ҳܼ㣬ȴһƬģһЩǶԼ֮࣡µص㣬Ѫأǹʦһָǰڤϥĳˮ
Ｋѻãɻʳﱸ£ǿﵽҪ󣬿÷󷨳ɹ߳һЩͬ⣬ӦҵҪⳡУѱøڤΪתƵϣ
һΪ̾ͻΪһˣΪԽĴڣʱǣһ仰ɾ£ǹʦټӿ죬̿ڡ
ʲôҪ󣡡ɲ죬˵
ֻһΪ󣬳Ϊ˵ڶ棬Դ浱棬⿪ķӡ֮ˣӴɣʦ֣˫Ŀ¶֮â
ʱѡ뿪½ȥ⣬صĹ磬㣬ԳΪһˣ޾ȨƵͬʱֵĻԻͣ
ţҿԷԣΥ£ҷ𣡡ǹʦ˵ţ̧һӡӡУʦ˵仰δΣƾճ֣ΪһɢĹķģһγһӵͼڣƯڰպʧӰ
ķ½ϣ֤ΪɸܵķĴ٣ʦٿڡ
ֳĬ
ʱһϢϢȥǹʦϵһ¶
֣ûж⣬һ˵ʵûг϶ҲẦ㣬ֻΪˣһɵδ
£ǰһΣɺã
ûԸһӳΪūͣˣ˵ūͣ󣡣ɼĺͯһ֣Ȼעˣ飬ѾˣҪҪ
û޷֣ΨһϣһΣһΣǹʦ͸ϣɫһгı˫ֱȭǼ̳ϣһݡ
ֻǣֵɫĮû˿仯˫Ŀ͸飬ڷɱ¾𣬼ǴٱҲοǻָͲȥš
ֿһǼ̳³ˮڵڤ𣬸ܵɢķ
ʧȥǣ
ѾɻĨȥʣµֻжĺɱʦͷ
ޣֿȥƲô뵽ڤ޵ĵҲˡ
ʱţǹʦɬĵȴ˰죬ĿУĮ飬ɵó̾ҧ֮£ٴοڡ
ͬ⣬ҿԽ½жṩ֮һϣЩ֮գô࣡
ΪͨԪԽɱ䣬֮£лﵽһֿĲΣֲΣվ۷壡ǹʦ˵̧꣬üһץӾҵĲУüڣһȭͷСĺɫ壬⾧û˿âɢȴһŨ֮ɢ
½жṩ࣬д˵½ʱ޿̶ṩ֮
浮ޣ岻ͬ޷ԼգʶҪת仹вҲ𣬵յĶһպʵҲΪΪṩ֮һ
㲻ͬ㵮Ķ磬˵һת꣬壬ֱʦ˫Ŀ¶Ȼϣ̧ǰһ˦Ǻɫľʯֱֶȥ
ٵľʯǰܵ谭ǰУƯڰգһ̳ϵĹʦڴȡ⾧ʯһӲȥͬࡣ
ʧȥҴʱȻ࣬ҰѴ㣬ϣңĺһΣɣ뿪ص硭ʦ͸ɣڡ
ֳĬƬ̧̣ǰʯһӣ̰Ѵûգ̧ͷǹʦ˵ͷ
²ķֻ֪Ѫģ˵ţ̧𣬻֮䣬ɳһѪѪڣֵ̺ϢϢΪŨǱѪ֣ƾϢӦ֮ˣڶʱ޷٣
˵Ϊ棬ҿɰһΣԴѪҺڣʹѪҺ˸һֱǹʦȥǰƯ
ǹʦɫʱһǰǵѪһָ˫Ŀյڤڳˮٿڡ
лѣ˿ʱȣѽˮڣʩɻʱƣڤûʱҽĴУתƵϣ
»ʹ࣬ıѪʹת֮ѪѲҪһǰ
ѡǹʦɫΪأ֣¶ĸмڶαȭһݣ
֮ǣϷ½ϵˣѰл
ɫĮˮأٽˮصһɲǣͻȻ̧ͷǹʦףʦмֵĿ⣬¶ɣ˵ʧȥ˾ʯʱ޶ࡣ
ǣҪȾ£˵
ǹʦЦһϷסǣҡͷһ̾
ѣϷƭ㣬ϵɻʲã޷򿪣һ˫ӽսҲ̻Ϸ޷򿪡
ֻҪһжӭж⣡һΣѣһΣ˵δ㱣֤
ңǹʦɫΪϣĴֻۣΪȥԼһΡ
ֿǹʦһۣĬƬ̣˵ͷ̧Ų̤뵽ǳˮڣҽ£Ѫĳˮеһɲǣڳˮڵҽţȴ΢Ļζһ¡
⶯ᣬټˮΪ̤ڸǣ޷Уҽڣɢһ˿ɱ¾Ϣ
Ϣһ֣˳ųˮֱǰ˫Ŀɫڤȥ˲ڤڡ
̳ϵĹʦļΪ̤ǳˮڣ˫̧֮£תڽеһ˿Ҫ仯ʩչʱͻȻعɲһ
ȴǳˮڵڤ𣬴˿͵յ˫ۣĿɲǵã¶ķǵعĺǴɢĿ˲䣬ˮۿɼٶȣѸٽ


1987 ­ɽ
𣡣
ڤͷһӣǽĳˮڣУվͷһ˦˲伱ӳɲǼ䣬ĳȣɢ˽ˮϡ
ͷһĶס֣¶ɱ
ͻȻһĻǹʦһ㶣ûڣҽڤѣˮ˲䣬̧ջأ˫Ŀ¶ɱ¾һۿǹʦ
Ȼƭң
⡭ǹʦҪͣ˿ڤĺصعȴڤһΣͬһޣֱֵͺȥ
һĽͣŽףһʹɫƼΪŭǳڤ̧ǰȻһӡ
һ֮Уڵɱ¾ĬϢûγһƬƣֱڤȥڽӽ˲䣬ڤ˻˫Ŀ̧ǰһָʱоŵƾճָ֣֮ϣƾȦȻ󣬷ɳͨƣһ
֮صǾŸɫȦһɾĻԴ֮ÿһȦȼն𶯺ơ
̳ϵĹʦĶһĻ¶˼̾Ͳ³»йأȴȷҲпֳ֣ڤܵ˴̼ʶǰ
˼̧ȴһɫС˻ûҪһܵ˲䣬·ֽսڤȦĺ£嵹ֱʦ
ͬˣһ˳͵̧ͷĶűʦڤ˫ɱһǰһȥĺºȻƣʹ˺ƳΪ˴Ƭĺֱ̳ϷǱסķӶȥ
ɱƷǵĽ׻ԽУӺڴͬʱ֮ǰƯڹʦǰѪ̺ȻѪıʱγ˴ƬѪּ̳ǹʦܡ
ѪͻȻʹùʦγһֵϢϢΪŨƾϢӦ֮ˣѷ٣
Ǵ˿ǺڷȫڣȫϢһʧȥǣڤڵ̸ܵǹʦѪڣ֮ɱϢ
û˿ԥ̸ıɱ¾Ŀ꣬˫ֱۣʦͺȥ
ڤľż˻𣬴˹ʦܣ̧ͷиѪû˿̵ٲȥܣѲµ˴𰸣ɫĿһڵС˶ʱɳ˲ʹ󣬻˴Сһָڤȥ
ʼգֶûǹʦĻ֮֮ǰǹʦԴǣ˼ξ·ӣʦΪ죬ֹֺȥˡ
ʶڶԷԴУжϳڤʧȥǣ֮ѪڶԷƤϢ飬Ҳ¶ԷɣϾԣ̺˸ԵϢ
ʱţʦ¶ֱѪҺԽķʽǹʦߵ˲䣬Է˼Ļᣬѡͬ⣡
ǹʦ˽ټʱ̫ãͬ󣬸ûϵߵѪ⣬Ҳûȥܼ㣬Ǳֵͬת
ɫһУڤֻѺ󣬾ͳһĻ
ʲô洫Уʲô⿪ʦһĽһû˿Ȥ˿̵Ǻڷ֮ɱ¾ۣܴ˼
Ψһڵģ׷תڷʱµִȷӣ
ǹʦڤһսУֱ̳֮ϵľ˲ٽְ˷Ҫ·ӵһɲǣͻȻӷϣʱн⣬֮ǰʹɢĹâһһ
£һɱ¾޷Ȼǽɢ˲䣬Ǻ̴Χɢ˲Ϣ˿һ𣬱Ƴ˺ڷֵӰ
ǽУڷȫƺǺһ֣̾ͷ֮ɢһľʹӿȫʹ޷ӽӣ
Ȼˣǽ£ֵͷȴǼٵĸı䣬˺ʮɺڷɢ׷ȡ
Ȼִɱ¾бƻص׷ı壡û˺ڰΪ˰׷֣ܵɽų⣬ڣһѪ˫ĿͫУǷĿڣ̺𺧣
⡭Ѫôɻѡ֮ˣڤ𣬻ĵܵǣֺ֮ʣ·̳Ϲʦһָڤϣʹڤӵˡ
˺ڤȴһ˻ϵƤۿɼٶ̸룬д˿˲Ϣ֣һɫĹâ˳Щ˿븯õĵطʱɢ
ʹ壬ڽڣһ˿ڷֺڷתɰ׷
ĳֶ֣֮ǰĲ²⣬˻ɣ޷壬ڤһɻ϶֮ˣ
֣㶯ɻȻ֪ʱ֣ѹڤʩķ֮תƵϣʦɫ԰ףʧȥ˾ʯޣ˿̻ｹֵⷽơ
ڤȫɢϵĸȴûֹͣԽӾһУɫ¶޾ʹ࣬˫Ŀǣֻз͵̧ͷֱȥ
ĽӽûʩչκͨɢĽ⣬õͨ뷨ֶʱֺһȼյ̫ҪԼȫһ㣡
ɫ仯кˣ˲˫Уչȫ֮ҹһһָһȭУʩչ˹ŵ֮
ǿͨһɲȫչٵڤ
ͬʱǹʦҲһԾ𣬵һ뿪̳ڰڣȻ˾ŸâӰŸӰûΪ˴С󣬻ָڤ
ص䣬ûֿ̻صһŭĵͺǺƣƴӵع֮⴫ȴعȻҵĲУϷĵع֮Ȼһ޴Ľɫӡƿ˿ռ䣬ƿޣǻʹգֱӽٶ
ҷޣ
ǽɫӡڣ̺һڴĻ֮ڽعڤɢĽ⣬һУع
ǹʦɫ˲԰ףӡ£̼һ
֣أֻü˵һ仰һǰֱ·ˮضȥ
һԥҧֱ֮ˮǳˮ˲䣬Ҳ֪ʦʩչʲôͨˮڣо䣬Ȼ̮ع֮£һռڣ
ѪɫģѪصɫ˿ѿ˿ӣѪУǹʦ£ǽɫӡڤӰں֮
ϣɽ
һɽ̳Ϊһͷ­ӣͷ­죬òȻ棡
ͷ­ɽ


1988 ɽ
ɫأӴѿУһλֱԶվǾɽһĶ͵̧ͷĻ
ȴǹʦּһĶ˸Ӱһɽ֮
ϣǾ޴Ľɫӡת۾ȡյһУʹĻΪ˽ɫͬȼ˽ɫĻ𺣡
ɫӡµɲǣͻȻ֮䣬ռĴȻȴͷ­ӵɽ壬˫Ŀнֶţµӡܵĳµ˲䣬ͬڻһ㣬Ȼֳ֣ͷ­ɽ˫Ŀգתۼ䣬ǽɫӡʧ
һŭɻʣǺ˲ռ䣬ܿԽɻһи
ţŭȻȡģСŮ֮Ȼɻٵľٶ˫Ӵֹ
֣ɻʱ裬ʱʱ䲻࣡һ֣ڤƷҪ죡
Ʒ֮һʩչͨĴתƵϣǹʦɫ԰ףȻľͷ˿˻𼱵
䣬˵û˽ɫӡȴ¶ڤӰڤȫø࣬Ƥ£¶ɫĹͷڣȴнɢʴһУʹڤ𲻶ʹ˻
ϣ֮ǰʦ俪ѪصԵʣ羵¶ȱڵӣĺɫѪҺռڣˮһ䡣
ǺɫѪҺھɽϣڴϣٵĻ޾һ㡣
Ѫ£ڤ͵ĵͷ˫Ŀ͸ɱ¾Ķ֣˻֮죬һƬӰǱ˵ѹɲǼٽɽ壡
˫Ŀͫڤٽɲǣһȥһ£ȻоʮŸӰû
ص춯ؼ䣬ڤûʩչκֻͨһͷײɽϡ
ضɽҡκɽ壬˱ɽȴھҵĻζ£˴ʯɽ壬û˿ļѷ춼֣
ǾʮŸֵӰڤײУ̱ʮµЩȴԶںһ𣬻ֵı壡
ɫ侲˺Ŀⶢɽ壬¶֮â
ʲôɽʲôطֻ￪ڣȴǹʦ
ΪŻҵľɽػ壬ѹʮ֮飬ǿʹɻʣѪа˼ţ
˵أǻʹعµĽҲչ֮أʦ˼̿ڡ
֣֣ʦĿһ̴ɽϷֱڤȥǰ̧쿪ʱڱаâС˻û⣬̻˴Сһͬȥ
ڤײɽ壬ʹɽҡ̧ͷƲںʦٴֳ١
һ֮䱾ڣʶʼ棡ʦǰǰâӰһΣɲʧ֮ʱȻڤǰһָڤȥ
ָµ˲䣬ڤ޳ִĲƣЩƺһ㣬Ťоڤƣʹ֮ƣһ٣
Ŀ˸ڤڵĽ̫ǿǽּ̺Ϊɵ˿̿ʦ֣һԥ̸ı䷽ֱڤȥ
ٽУ̧䣬ʱҹûسΪˮһƬڣΪ˴ӺĳɢɹâֵʩչУ˼Ϊǿ˺ҹĹâںϺֱǱƵڤȥ
ͬʱǹʦɫ԰ҧ⣬ƾ;ƿݵһѪѪֺһ𣬻һѪˣѪ˻ɫһƬѪӰڤ
֣ʦ֣չ˼ǿͨΧڤ
ڤǿڵĽ⣬ȴ޼᲻ݣǿȡһͨԽκ˱˲ҿ
ͬһԴзɶɶ꣬ض
ѪֵĲҹٽڰںϵڤɲǣȴڤ˻ɫʹһ̴ﵽ۷壬Ѿ˴Ѫ⣬͵һУȻ
ֱһֹ룡ڤϴѪ⣬ȫ˷ȥĳ֮
Ѫ׵壬ڤӾҵѪ⵹£ֱӺ٣
֮صأѪ˷ĲҽУ⣬ڤѪ£䴩͸ûȿɢ
ЩѪڣ̺һͨɫһ䣬Ӽˣҹ֮£ǳѪ⣬ΧɢһЩ͸˲ҹĹâٽ֣У飬ϡ
ֱؿڣȣۡ
ʹطʱɢ⣬Ҫֵ
ǰѣյѪʶ˱仯ѪȫǹǱֵܼǱͿɱǽ۳壬ʱ˷󷨣
֣ҲҪ֣ȫչͨ󷨳ɹܲסǰƷҲа취洫ת㣡ʦ͸̺˽һΣ˫ͬʱ̧ȴһâС˴ڲϵػû
ٴҧ⣬ͺȫĿήƽҪһ㣬һѪһѪ˺ܵйӰѪڣʹѪ̱һɼΪǿѹ͵Ѫۣûеֻƽֱڤȥ
ʦһ٣ɫΪ԰ףϣ֡
ʦˣҧ֮½ţ֮۷壬ͷ޷Զڵ֮Ϊںϣڤһȭȥ
һȭִ˿۷һһȭʮŵӰûһ󣬻һţڤ
ڤӲͬãϻ˲Ѫ⣬˿ЩѪȴٴαܺɨ䣬ڤ壬ȫΪͷ
ͷһƬڣȴһȭͷСĽɫţɢ޾⣬ţ
Ѫ֮£޷ֹʦ۵Ѫˣ޷ֹͨţص䣬ۿڤƾҪ޷ܡ
ʱһ˻𣬴ڤõڣصء
Ҳģ
Уڤͷ­նĿڣŽɫĻȼգ˲䣬Ϩļͷ壬ʱѷ죬ת£
ȫͷɲǣһ޷ݵĳڵλãܺǿָܵǿҵΣ
Զǹʦһ˲˫Ŀ¶˾⣬̺һβסļչ˵ȻͬʱһĹڷɳֱڤ𣡣


1989 ƾ
ڤͷĳھǹʦͬʱд󲿷ֳԶԶһͷ鿪ķ籩ͬһŴڣڳֵͬʱһھҪɣ
̺ĳΣ޷㣬ǺѶԿȴ˫Ŀ¶ϣؼ֮ʱû˿ԥ̧䣬ͺһ
ţ꣬
ֶţһ˲䣬Ȼĳܺɨ䣬һ磬ܣγһ޴ţ
ص䣬ţڤͷĳ˾춯ص죬˴Ļء
һѪˣǾ޴ţ˻ɢļ󣬿ɻڣֵ˫ĿǰǰڤɢĵطһȭͷСĽɫţɢ֮â˿ǹâУһӰٵ۶
Ӱģȴһɾ˵ѹҿӣȻ۳ڤ
ѪȫǹǱֵܼǱͿɱǽ۳壬ʱ˷󷨣֮ǰʦĻ֣˫ĿͫҪ֣ʱͻȻУʦɣ
֣ϷȥΪʩչУҿԼֻ洫еΪ󣬽⿪˵ķӡ
ڤѾֵڣΪĴеֿ˾󲿷ֵʹ࣬ڴУɹ󣡡ȴǹʦĹʱƽڡ
Ĺ⼱ٽ䷽ڤͷ鿪ĳص䣬ĹֱӴ͸˳ٽڤ屬ģƯĽɫ۳ӰԱߺĹ⼱ٻƼȦһɫĹȦ˲Ȧת
ĿһûȰǹʦĻ̧𣬺ݺݵһȭУţ籩ٵȭͷۣɲǼ䣬ķ籩ɢǽҪɢţӰҲһֵͬȭͷڣһȭ
һȭ£ϵţƬ䣬һȭȴںֱǰԼٶȣɲǾٽ˹ʦĹǽɫĹӰϡ
һĹȻȴһȭţ֮γһ޼᲻ݵĳ͸Ȼ˲ɫȦǽɫӰһ
壬ҿŵ棬㣡ǹʦ˵ҲãǼҲգֶȥǣֻ֪ǳѪսУʦˣһսԼɱ¾٣ɣ
ģһ²⣬²⣬޷ȷ٣һ棬ǰһУǻԣ
ţĽɫӰɲǣ֮أǽɫӰҵĲУֱӱ
۵Ĺ£Ӱؼ֮ʱ޷̫ǿ˲䣬ӰɢǽɫĹȴû˿ˣǻһɫĳ磬ֱĻȥ
ǹʦǰĹûɢ˲ۣȻٴλû˹ʦӣɫ¶ŭʹ࣬˻֮˫Ŵһָ
棡ҵͷ­
ĹʦӰָصɲǣͷ­ӵɽ壬ͻȻҵĲʯ䣬ת֮£ɽֵĿɿڴУȻ
Ŵɽıȴɴɽڳɽȫֿ̮һ˲Ϣֵḷ́͵һɫ¶޷뺧Ȼ
ɽڴ֮һͷ­һ£˫Ŀգӵһͷڷʮͷ­ͷ­ĳ֣һصѹȻɢ
ѹ£ֱѹҪɢĴ
ͷ­ѪȴǺˣּţյػʱп˷ӡţ
֮أǿ˴˵ķӰڻʹڣ˴˵ĵڣһδεŹ˵֣ǶڳڣҲ˵
ɻʵʼ棬ʼ棬Ǵ˵еǿߣ
ӡѹʮ֮飬ʮޣ
Ǵ֮أ
棬ƾ
ͷ­ƾͷ­ͷ­Ǳɽڣնľ˿ڲ򣬺Ʊǿд˺һ㣡
µѪҺǽɫֻȥ̫̫ãѪҺɫ͸⣡ɫ԰ףȴûʹ࣬˯һ
ڿͷ­ɲǣԺһͬͬʱը죬ˣȫ
棬йεĲ²⣬ڣʧ٣Ҳ汾
뿪½ҲĳطչأҲѾ
ۿͷ­뺧Ȼȴһв²ⶼ޷㣡
˭ɱ棡
𶯣쿴һУΪһǰĴţǰϣ׷ʲô飡
ôء
һͷת˲ڻصĹõĹʦٻͷ­˻˫ĿϺ̧ڸۣĿ͵
ȴͷ­Ʊ˻ڹʦĿɲǣͷ­Ҳ͵ۡ
һƬնû˿ɫ
Ŀһ˲ĻյȭͷСĽ⣬͵һ٣ı䷽ֱ·ͷ­ȥ˲ʧͷ­Ŀڡ
ţĹĹʦŭ飬̧һָ֣ииӵͬص
ɫ˲԰ףû˿ԥӼۺˣ絹ǹʦָµͬʱͷ­ĿڣȻĽ⣬ɢУ̸ܵһĪ֮ȫĵ˲ͱĿڣ
Ŀһ˲õĹʦӰ»Ĺ⣬˾ŸɫȦһĿڣ
㲻ϷȰ棬ϷļƻñӦųɰճɹ֮£Ӳֻɰգ
Ϸԭȷ洫У˵ǽ֮ѹãϷռǣеļƻ󣬱ǸһЧҺ󣬳Ϊ𻤷ʹߣ
Ϸı⣡һУԼŪֲϷسŵ
ϷѾ̫꣬޷뿪Ҳʺ϶֮ˣĳ֣һᣬ̫ʺϷˣ
Ϸ㴫гɹ߱Ϊ͵Ҿ߱Ϊ


1990 ⵿
ǽ
о޴Ŀɢ΢Ĺâ·ɽ廷Уһʮͷ­ͷ­ƽƯڰգһ
ĿȴĿڲţһ˿ɣֻȻǣɺһУĿڼת
תɼڣһģӰӰ֣
Ŀͬһ磬˫ĿգƯڵڣһƬտ
ֵ壬ͷٵı仯ʱ׷ʱڷֱ仯Լ֪˫ۣ㲻
ڣнɢ·͸Ƥ¶аʱϨǽУɫƽͬ˯û˿о
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãϵĽ⣬ԽԽɢڣ˿羪κһ㣬һᣬѹ뷴ӵɱ
糣֣˿ڣһɫĹţɫĹ̺ɢ⣬ֵɢʹ˫˫ڵѪ⣬ȫθıʺĴڡ
ǽ⼫ΪԵڸǴһɲٿһ˷ϢϢԱʦûжᣬԼȥУҲȫΪһûʶķӣ
ǰԵĽɢݻһз־˫Ҳȫռݺֵ
ֵϣȴһλãƾ룬ʼ޷ı䣬λãǹѪ֮أ
ĻѪΪͬȴ֮ǽ޷κΡֻѪϾ࣬ʶҲɢ෸
ռȫ󣬾ͿԴѹ꣬Ϸȡ֮ڣǽĺ֮ʦص
Ȼڵģֻһʶ֪ǾǼ֮£ʶʼգʵĿģǽ洫ΪİԵΪԼĨȥֵʹ壬ھ߱Ϊͬʱû˿꣬ԱԼΣյռݡ
ǻѪ֮ͷ­⣬ȫռʱɢĽ⣬ȻĿһ貣͸ͷ­濴ĿƯڰյͷ­ŵĿڣɢĽ⡣
ɢУͷ­һ˿
ڼΪŹ֣йϢϢ޷ĥ𡭡Խʹҵļƻʦһ𣬶ʱڵĽ⣬ǻѪڵλãƼ䣬︲ǣ˵ûʹûѪɢȴʦĶᡣ
Ȼռݣͷ­ռͷ­󣬱ѹ꣡ʦмڵĽ⣬ڸǻѪλú绯һˣ˳־ֱȥͷȥ
һͷ̽ɢ
ǽͷɢеİԵ˲ͺ俪ֵͷػͷ­ͬȫռݣ
ڳ׵ռɲǣҵ˸ʹǽƯͷ­Ŀâɶ
ѹ꣡ʦʶ̳֣洫еĽ⽫ĻᣬɢʶѰֵ꣡
Ƭֵ̺ڣܵĲ˷ܣԥ͵ĳȥ
һд֮ڣʶɳޣ꣬飡ǹʦصɲǣֵ꣬ɢڡ
ף˴䶼ûбӦ洫еĽ̫ԵʶֵҲ˼ޣʶһɢ
û꣬ͬˣ˿̣ǹʦȴʶɢǽ£ٿֵ
˲䣬ȴȫɢ޾֣˫Ŀ͵˫ڣ貣϶
ֻ˿̵֣ȴȻ䱾ʶڹʦ
ɹˣֽƻˣʼջϷûаϣ洫֮£ɻҪϷռ
壬ǿ֮Ĺʦ˫ۺм֮ɫȻסȭͷ
ϧõĴлֻҼƻĵһǵڶһɹˣͿɰĽָ֮
Ϊһ죬Ѿ˺ܾúܾã֮£ûʲôȻɣΪ֮һеˣ
ΪˣҲĸԸռĹʦ˫Ŀڼͬʱ¶꣬ǰƸֳ˼еһĻĻ£һˣӳһžҪעһˡ
֡Ҫҡʦ̾˫Ŀһ¶ϣĿûѡȥ˫̧УɢĽ⣬˾ľ䣡
ȴĽ⣬ʮٱǧ򱶵ĳ̶ȣɢɢͬȼһʹڵΪٵģȫ俪
򱶲ֹĽⱬУֵ壬ͬһ̫â죬ڵĿ糹ʹɼٺڰ
ĹâǴǽƯͷ­ĿдΧйҲ˽£
˿̵ͷ­ĿâϣĿģƸ
ĿռĹʦ˫ͺиӵ
ﴫУͷ­ĿȻĿڻһƬ͸ţ۵Ľ밻Ȼȫͬ
Ŀ˲䣬һĪͻȻӿֱֶĻǴ˿ĵطȥ
ͬʱ֮ȴĻ⣬ǵع̮Ѫ⣬Ǽ̳Ϸŵķӣۿɼٶ³ƱǣӿѪ̮֮أ
֮˼º󣬱ıֱʱ޷ܺ죡
ʵϣǱ˨ŵķӣӵֱѪ̮λãھﲻ֮ʱȲһ֮£УֺѴݻٵʱں伸У鿪
µֻһ˲ȫѿ
ȫѿ󣬷ӵʱǾ޴ֱ̮ѪУǽĻһⳤ磬ֱĿ
ɲǼ䣬ӵٽһɽ֮£Ŀ֮ǰһ㣬ڣʧ
ʱĿڣӵģӰûɢӶĿĽ⣬͸Ŀɢһȥʱͷ­˫Ŀȫ䣬ĸˣ
濪ڣ⵿壬ȫӡĿڣռĹʦ˿̼˻ȴ˿ûע⵽ڣһصλãֻ꣬עһС
ŹʦĻȴͷ­˫Ŀһ䣬ʼսյĿڣĴ򿪣һɣǹʦ֮
⡭


1991 ɻʵţ
ԭļƻ֮ǰ˵ҪҴΪ󣬳Ϊ˵ڶ棬Դ˽⿪ȫķӡ
ұͲţʶĿɺûзǽڣԼٻΪ˿һ˵ʲôƻ
ⷬƻԭעһУĶռĹʦҲһ˿塣
ҵڴһЩΪټϷӵҶ廯˫Ŀʹͷ­ˣϾԼĿڣ֪ʲôͷ­ڣ˵Ļ
ķʽͿĽ⿪ȫķӡϾַӡҲǽƵһ֣һֱϿɵĴڣʶҪ⿪ʵȥƭ
Ͼһѭ浸أʦⷬٶ£пܳɹĽ⿪ӡķʽִδ뵽˿ĿãɾԷ˼롣
ֻǡˣǹʦôֳ˼Уͷ­еĻҲҪȫ˵ꡣ
塭ȫ塭⡭ͷ­˫Ŀлǹʦ˵УһֽҪڵɲǣȴоͻ
һЦĻǿȻͬʱһνɫѪҺٴĻںХͷ­һָҪڵɲǣɫѪȻͷ­üϣ
ѪҺ£ͷ­ȻһȴǽɫѪҺӿ˲ͷ­ȫſĿڣǱɫѪҺһǣһ֣ıص˿У
ռĹʦ˿˫Ŀ͵ŭһŭ˼µһΣҪĿȴں£ǽɫѪҺĸֹ޷ȥ
˿̵ͷ­Ӵ䣬ͨɢɫͬһҺɵͷ񣡣
棡ʦ˻
ĻصɻʵĳЦǴĻĿڣɻһ߳䣬ֱӾ̤ͷ
ͬʱ˫Ӵ֮Ҳǿ׷СŮɫЩ԰ףɫȴǼΪأֺĿһɨɻʽµɫͷ­ϣ˫ĿͫȻ
ʦƣ֪Ǹ޴ӺܾǰͿʼ׼ķ֮ʶ޵ķ󷨣ԵǵΪҲ֪ڤֻΪõǴܳɹһѣ
ڤĴڣΪ˵еļѣڤ֮Ϊ°ʶΪԣ֣ڤ񣬽£ָһЩԽãǵĳɹվԽ
֣һΣΪļƻĿôɻ΢ЦɫȴһɰȻ֮⣬˫Ŀڸ¶ǣһ飬Ӳ˫ۣ
㵱֮ʱҪɱ֣Ϊ͸ԸԽɱƫƫɣͻ᲻ɱôΪ޲֪㼫ΪĶ֮ô
ȴûɱΪ׼ȥɻʺЦͷ·ͷ­䣬ɫţ
ǽһжʱ¶ţ
Ϊ޿ƿһУ޸ǽְ룬һһǣʹ
ҪʦĿЦ
תڤϵĴеϣҪֵ壬ӶٿǰΪͷ­Ŀ
ӪȵǣضѰ˫Ӵס޵ĽŲ޽ǽڵعչ󷨵Ļᣬͷ­ǻĿ
㵿֮ʹ濪ڣҪ⿪ӡһУΪ޾Ͳ֪ɻʴЦ
Ļϵ˫ӴɫУûǶͷ­СŮУĳ˼ɵ
һ㣬ļɵ
ͷ­ĿڣռĹʦɫ԰ף¶޷֮⣬ûܳһɻʾȻָƣ
ڣص֣ȴһƬƽ룬ʱռ壬ȴûô
飬ô򵥡˿ƹʦǹʦôǣôµΣ˼أûҪȥ
ͷ­ϣɻʰȻ΢Ц
ʦһмƻ޶͸޵ļƻ㿴͸˶٣
ΪҪõǴ֮ô
ΪعͽΪ˴̼ڤͦһЩʱô
޽վ͸㣬ˣȫĲ²⣬ȫ޵ļƻؼ˿Կ͸㲻УֲУκһ𣬶У
޵ļƻͷ­ͷ­Ѿ˶꣬޷ֻɽ壬ѹʮ֮飡
ȴǿ֮Ҳǿǿޣû˿ΣУȫļ̳Ϊ
Ǽ̳УǴУ
ֻˣʬһ֧飬֪˭ɱҲֻҵһͷ­һͷ­
˺ܾãʼûа취ͷ­ѣϣ޿ϣȻûʧֻǵһѣȻ޵İʾ뾡취ͷ­ڣ
ܺã㣬ܺãɻʴЦУҽ̧·ͷ­һ壬ͷ­ɢɽ⣬ɻڣ
дڣʾǿ˫ӣɸ뱾ٴһսɻ̧ͷ¶ǿţһΣȻŽͷ­ֱ˫Ӷȥ
˫ӴСŮҧ֮£һɫ̫û̫ɢϹ⣬γɫĽӰֱɻʶȥ
ٽУɫĽӰںϣһ⣬˲Ϣ٣ٽɲǣȴɻ̧һӼ䣬ʱµͷ­˫ĿڽƣͬγʵʵĿ⣬ֱӿ˫Ӵûɫ⣡
֮ȴɫ⣬˫ĿڵĽɲǣʱƬγƻصʹ˫Ӵ𲻶ϵغˡ
ɻ΢Цͷ­˫ĿУ̧һץ̱һѽɫķĳ֡
ǰһ˦ɿֱ˫Ӵ
˫ӴУСŮɫأ໥һۣ˼̷ںϣ˵ͬ˿һ㣬Ȼһ𣬻һ˫ʮ껪òΪŮӣ
Ůһ£˫Ŀɷֻ̧سΪɫ
ֽȥܴ˵֮£ȻǣڣɫϵĵعУͬһ˲䣬Ϲ˸ǵĻʹ⣬½գ˲ϢΪɫɫÿһأÿһᣬӴǣȫ֣
ͬʱ½ǵϣһȰǴСľ޴ɫʯϳ֣ؽ٣ɢ˵ѹʹǺ䣬˴ѷ죬ʿȻ־Ըַʽɢ
ɻɫһ֮˫Ӵµͷ­̴ΧҫϹԿâϹǰˡ
ͷ­û˫ۣ޷ٿǰ˫ǿ֮ʻЭһɻɫٴ¶ǿš
ʱͻȻһϵȻڻ
ôϷ򣬹ĻصȴĻĿڣõ۴һ߳󣬺ɫ԰ף


1992 
õ۴ͻȻ֣ûɻ˿⣬Ŀһɫţվͷ­ϣ̧ͷžõ۵
õۣȻˣɻ΢΢һЦ
õ۴ɫأɻʣĿصµͷ­ϣĿ¶һ˿ӡ
ͷ­Ϸ£ѹꡭ棬Ϸɻʣһ۲Ŵԣ
ùʦĿͷ­Ĳٿأ㹻ʱ䣬ȫͷ­ڣ֮ͷôȷԳΪһ
£ûᣡõ͸ɣɻһȥһµɲǣ˫ӴγɵǸŮӣͬĿһ䣬ȫɻʣ
λڣչһս
˫õۣɻɫţ̧ڶԷٵɲǣµͷ­һġ
˼
һ֮Уɻȫ˸ͷ­ͬɢĿĽ⣬յɫΧɢͬʱͷ­ſ˿ڣɻʵ
ˡɡ𡭡
⻰ﾡܶ϶ȴ˵ڴ˻ڵ˲䣬ȴоŵһɴϸƾն𣬻ͷ­ɻܣתȦֱ˫õ۶ȥ
֮ھصڣͨ˫ۣͨĿǹʦ˿ûвУĿһС
ͻı仯ûڵȣܸоô򵥣õ۵ĳ֣һµı仯
һֻûȫǰ߳
ɢУȴ˫Ӵɫ԰ףɫƣ˳Ǿõ۴ͬ˺ɫء
˷ԵģƲɻʣ棡չͨʶһҲʱˣ
ֻ֮һңõĿһ̿ڣ俪Уڴ֮ȴϵգۿɼٶȣȻı䣬ת֮£ʹӲɣߣһӣ
òΪӢ䣬͸һɺƵİԵõ۴걣ֲ֮ΨΪȵչ󣬲Żòı仯
˵޻ǵһοõ˵ӣҲ޵Ķ֣ɻ΢΢һЦϥͷ­ϣ˫ɢ԰ͷ­顣
֮ѪӰ飡ɻҧ⣬һѪ
Ѫɲǣʱͷ­͵һ𣬴Ľɻ⣬ۿɼģһ޴ĽɫӰûڣɫӰŻۣ棡
ͷ­Ϊ棬Ϊ飬˿˫Ŀһ̧һץȻһѾ޴Ľɫ֮ûӰһС
ɼ
ڴ˽ֵ˲䣬Ŀڵ̸֣ܵһĺ
һ֮£֮Ψо߱ʸߣŻӡޣð˽һն£ɻʵصأǽɫĴ̧УȻ·ŵ˫ӣݺݵնȥ
Ϣڴ˿̣ȴɫ䣬ڵĿռҪնһ㣬һ£õ۴ɫٱ䣬˫ûһɫ̫̫߹ң໥ӳУȴһǰɫ̫ڻûնĽɫ󽣣˻
ͬʱ˫Ӵ˫죬ȻγһƬ˲ת۾Ͱ֣γ֣һͬһӰεضյĽɫ󽣶ȥ
һ⣬˴˿̲ʱõһǰǳ˲䣬ȴɻʵ࣬Ȼ˾䣡
زﾲֹһɫΪأ̧һָɻʣһָѰȴ˵һĵ
ĵΪﻯһһָ̺ȫ۷֮
ɻʵҲ࣬ɫ䣬Уͷ߳ɲǣû˿ԥȭһȭɻʣ
𣬵ǴʮŲ֮ˣ˿һȭȫ̺֮صĸ̺۷
Ĵͬʱ֣
ĿڣĿһУһû뵽һεع֮УȻ˱仯һȻҲ
˳ֵһ˲ףع֮䣬ͬһ֣Լֻһӣ⼸ҲӣⳡֵĶߣһɻʣȴ֪һ˭
£˫ӡõۡһ˺ɨԿ˾춯صĺ֮ǺУȴһһ˺󣬻⣬ɫ԰崫֮ͬʱˡ
˫ӣõۣΪ߳һ⣬֮£ɻǺ˿
ֻ˾˿˺ϻ֮ǵУ˹λǿ⣬κһ𣬶޷Կ˺
˵ɫĴֻãֻ̺һɣǺ£ǽɫ󽣱ƬӰܺХ˴ϡ
ͬʱӰҲ֮ɢΨʵͷ­ƯڰգϵɻʣһУѪ͵̧ͷĶŵһ⣡
Ϸ֣Ҳôϵһ⣬֪ɻʣΪõɻʣ俪ڡ
ˣҪЩʲôɻɫ˵
ſ֣뿪˫ӴĿĺȷɻʣƽڡ
Ϸϣɻʣͷ­·ӡͷ­ѹʮ֮飬¹ش󣬲ɻʿӵ֮õĿͷ­һɨ˵
뷨õһɻʣ֮ǰҵλʵĸ֣ܺãûбҪ»֣һɫɻµͷ­Ϊɵ
ĳҲ˼Ĭ꣬
ɻʴЦЦΪĮ˫̧䣬ڵһɫ仯У˫͵İؿڣڵĽɫѪ£ȴͷ­˫Ŀ죬ſڣнɢ˫˫֮ȫɢ޾⡣
Ȼɢγһɽɫˣʹþõ۵ɫһ䣬ˡ
ǵĺ£ɻɫһЭɱͷ­ʹ˶ʱ޷Уȥǿͷ­֮һɹĸҲû˿ɵ
ⱬ£ɻ˫ְͷ­ϣ͵һУȴûκν룬ͷ­Уһ֮ƣʹɻ޷ںϡ
ǵķӡĹʦ֮ǰʹ濪ڣȴںϣʹͷ­ڣ̺һ˿䵿Ľӡ
ӡȴѲޣɻʣѰ֮ʱ޷⿪ӡԲٿͷ­ȴǿԣ
⿪ӡǹʦҲˣɻͷһ˿룡


1993 Ĺʦ
кȻĸչȫ俪⣬ʱȣɻ֪Լʱ䲻࣡
޷ǿͷ­֮һɢȥĸ٣ԼȻҪǰ
飬Ѿһڣɹڼʧܣ
ҵļƻʦ͸ǾõֻΪǣʶǰһ⣬˾˿٣
ɻҧ֮£ԥ̧һָǰһָµɲǣȴָ̱Ѫ⡣
֮Ѫ⣬򣬽⵿壬ӡɻʵͺУµļָٴαһβָҲˡ
ӣɻĻȫ˵һ˲İұۣȻʧȥ
ĽɫѪɢǰ۳һѪģȼգת۾ͻ˻Ҽ
ɫȼĵһɲǣĿڣռĹʦһĽӡһ˲ʧˣ
ʧ˲䣬ʦ˫ˮ伤ᣬһ׷Ϊ֮һУҪ⿪ӡˣӴ֮󣬿԰Ѹһͱעˣ
ӡһɲһɻʴͷ­⼱ٶĿڣɨ䣬׾ٵĨȥ˹ʦڵĺۼ
ɻɱУùʦڽ⿪˷ӡȥӡĽ⿪ǹʦ֮ʱ
ռĹʦһ̣Ժڣһ㲻֪ʱļ䣬ˡ
ˣ壬Ѿȫܾãͬڣֻ˴ڡ
֪Լĸĸ˭Ҳû˸ֻ֪Լǵˡ֮⣬һŮӣһŮӤ
ĸŮˣ൱ˣ
ˣǸŮӣһʦԼǹʦĹʦǸŮӤ
ŮӤĸ˭ֻ֪ǼǵãŮӤڳãʧˣŮӣ˹ʦȥ䱾ͨ
ģˣļ䱻⣬ʼΪԼǹʦأǸŮҲȥʱȻˣļУкܶˣЩˣڳ˯δʹҪ뾡һзԼ˯ˣ⿪˵ķӡ
ʼΪԼˣܶ࡭ڴ˿̣ѵһ˲䣬ԭԼһ壬ʧٵŮӤ⣬ֻԼһˡ
ѹɻʸҽ⿪ӡΪɻ֪ҵ壬ֻһˡֻҪˣ򼴱ӡ⿪Ҳûйϵ
ԭҲǹʦôǵôôӦǰɡӡ򿪣ǸʧٵŮӤĹʦ˭ʼΪԼǹʦΪ˿ԸһУɻչƣֱʧܺĿ֮ˣǰ˼ɢˡ
ֱ֪Ĺʦ˭
һ˲Ҳû˿Թԣף⣬ԼʹΪ˱ĹʦΪ˽⿪һķӡӳʼעʹ
һ̣ɻʵɨȷֵû˿ĲֺɨһȦȥ
ֻǾɻʣҲûвӵĴڣûвֵ֣꣡
⿪˵Ľӡɻɫ¶ΪһжԼƿ֮ڣǿţʼûɢʼ˿ٵͷ­֮
ȴһɫͷ­ɢɻʵϣʹɻʵΪȻ
˷ܣ˼һ˲ɻȫûпǽ⣬վԶĻеĺɻʽ⿪˵ӡ˲䣬ҵĲ
ӵ˫ۣ¶ãһɼ䣬Ժڿٵѣǵӡɢȥںӵڣһѣ
Ե壬Ĺʦ
˫ۣ¶֮âʶ̧ɢͷ­֮һָȥ
һдڣ䱾ʹڣʶʧȥΪ
һߣ˼ʶ˼Ϊ
壬ȡ˼ȡߴڣȡ׷ѰļУȡ֮ԴˡΪôڵģڣȥġعޣૣָµ˲䣬⣬ۿɼٶɲʧȫۻͷ­ڡ
Žɢȥ¶֮ǰڽеɻʣ
ɻµͷ­Ͻһȫʧʹͷ­˫ĿպϣʧȥƯڰյŴ¡
ǴɻڣսڵɫϢʹѾɻڵĽɫϢʧȥһ㣬ɻʵɢ»صصͷ­С
ͻȻһĻɻ˫Ŀ͵¶޷֮ɫ͵̧ͷһ۾ͿǺ
⡭ⲻܣʦѾˣȫˣ㲻ǹʦ㲻ǵ壬ôܻӵйʦɻʽȥԼһУһĻȥţҲԸȥţ
ǵ壡ӡ£岻뿪ʹ뿪ǡ㲻ʦ㵽˭ɻɫ԰ףΪԼһУΪԼļƻ֪ӵǿš
һҲȷǰĳﻮǰţ˵һĿٳ֣ʹɻʵļƻƫ⣬ȫ糣
ϾͻóɹҪͷ­ڵԼ̳ΪΪ˵ڶĹؼ֮ʱͻȻ֣һУԼ룬ԼһУȻڱ˵ļ֮ڣ
ҡǹʦɫиӣڣļѣǰĸ׵ļ䣬˹ʦĴС
ȥģ壬½֮⣬һˡ̾
⵽ô£ⲻܣǹʦΪο߳ǣõۣңɻΪ𣬴˿̾ܽ񣬵ȴǿԼ侲
ƻ嵱콾ΪˣǲϧƷѵļ󣬳Ѱҷճɹ뿪˴š
ȥȴƻ䴫ҵƻУؼ֮ˣˣ֣һԶʿҲֻ壬ᣬӶƻĽȥ
Ϊο뿪ǡΪҵ꣬ڵ壬ҵ壬ȴ½ڡ
ɻʣҵŮõ۳ĬƬ̣ʱ˵
֮ԿԻڣӵ޾ԪԳΪһУİ
ƻ׼˺ܾãֱ㵽Ҫ½ʱſʼִУõɫƽűĬɻʡ
ͷ­ڣͬһУ˵עںõۻʱɢƿԼ壡
ԭ࣡˫Ŀһ¶⣡


1994 
ƻǵ콾֮ҳΪԴΪѰҰ
һɻʹ棬ɻ֮λʱһĹʦҵңļƻʱҽԵһŮӤ
ŮӤ½꣬ȴǵ塭ԭĽӡ£ǲܳǷӡ
꣬ӡ֮Ҳټϵ嵱콾֮˵ļƻУΪɣҪȫ֮׳꣬ں֮ȥԿǷӡ
ԽԽ٣Ҳԭֱһֻˡ꣬ȥĵˣеķһ㱣ںӵڡ
֮Կ߳ǶûйأЩߵıҲй
壬µʱ䣬һںӵϣһ㣬ҲΨһˣһ㣡õƽĿڣɻʣһЩȥ˵
ΪŮԺޱȥԳΪʥõʸõ𡭡壬Ϊ˽⿪ӡ˵Ĵۡɻʳ̾ɫӡ
˺⣬һˣǷȥĹʦʵϣ㱾Բ⿪Ľӡֻǵ棬ڼ̳Ŀҵĸı£㲻ѡǻѡһ
ƻĹؼͷ­ڵǵӡ֮ԣҪһˣӵбͷ­С
ʶּΪҪ
ɻʳĬƬ̣ɬžõĺڡ
ô˵ûмֽ⿪Ƿӡͷ­ڣ˼̳ΪĻᣬƻǰ
ᣡ˵ĲǾõۣǺӣ˿̵ĺӣ֮ǰȫһһصϢɫƽɻʡ
ķμ̳ΪĻᣬôҵ׼ķᷢʮޣе֮
еڳﻮø޷ӡ֮ѣΪۣ˵ͷ­ѹ֮ʱΨſѹȥ̳УңһҪ̳УͱҪ⿪ͷ­ںĽӡڡ
ħЫһôɻ˫Ŀͫ
ӵͷ
һ⣬Ҳ֪һУɻĿһɨ˵һϡ
õ۴ҵңûļƻйֵ飬õû˵Ҳ֪֣ƻĹؼһüͷڡ
ĬƬ̣˵ͷ
ɻЦֻЦݼΪɬĿһɨ˫Ӵ
أ˫ӣҲ֪ƻô
СŮں֮γɵ˫Ӵ壬ɫƽЩû˿Ȥɻһۡ
֪Ҳ֪ˣֻΪ֣ҲãõҲգ˭ֹǱ֮У
֮֡֡ǰʦܳɹ˵ѾˣڶһУҲʼչע˰ɡɻĿһ
棬ֻģʱڣһ֮߳˳֣ȴ㲻˵һ磬޷ȷѰҵֻܵȴõҡͷ
λ콾֮ţ޴˴ţҲֻţ޳֣ʶԴΪƻĵһȥӴ֣ɻʱǼ֮ˣһԵ˹ؼ
ŵ棬ֱ֪ܲú󣬻ڣΪ㵿⿪ӡĴۡ
õۣ֣˫Ӵ𣬷Ļ֮ҲὫޱƵȥѡǿм̳֮
ڤǣޣʮ飡ҲţͼͽΪ⵿壬Ůɻ̧ͷ䡣
ˣһ⣬ܱ֮õ˵ضŵĺôҲͼı
֮Ҫһе࣬ȻҪ޿ƣǱضȥϣ
Ψ˫ӣʲôûеõֻǱõ뵿ãɻʵһȻԻﷴӣȡ˫ӵİ
˫ӳĬһУܿס
ɻʣҵȲɱ㣬ֻѪ֮ն֮ͷɻɻʣɻǴ
㲻ԸĪҵȽɱ¾󣬳Ѫ֮Ҳһ裡õƽڣû˿ɱ仰ȴǼΪᡣ
˫ӣ飬䱾һ֮ʶõɷڣתʱ⣬ʹŤתΪһЩǿʱֿʱںϣڣĹ̶֮ά״̬
⣬˫ϷȷתĹ켣Ϸŵ˫㣬Դɸ۷壡
һͷǣޣľ裬Ϸŵ㣬ɽһ
ϷҪõģ֮ԣдãΪҵȡƽ֣õ˫Ŀɻʡ
ԭҲ֪ǰɻɫ
ϷѰڲǰҵһȷϵĴ˵Ϊ棬磬κͼߣ
ˣѪ֮߱棬ǹ֮ʹöϾѪ˺Ѫ֮ˣ˷ƽ⿪ɻʣûѡǹ֮㲻˵˼ţһգ꣬壬Ҳı䣡
ô£ɣǵָı䣬ϷҲ˴
ôѡԼõɻʣ䡣
ɻʳĬ
ϣͷ­Ŀڣ˫һȫϢһУȫţһλʹ֮гֵĶתۣ־ܲ³һ֣ȴûвµȫ
ŵţ˵˵ȥһ˴ţȥ¥Сλ˴ŵ棬ΪһЩ
ŵ棬콾ҽ⿪˵ķӡָʲôɫӡ
ţޣ˴ţΪ˵ҡļƻУӦˡܳһʹΪĸ¥Ļ
ңǽҲơҵĵҲҵԸ񣬴£ܰݣֳĬİ̾УȻܵ͵һȴͷ­˸Ʈ𣬴Ӵֱնȥ
ɻʣڳĬúѡ̧Ŵһץͷ­գ


1995 ˣĳҪˣ
ɫأͷ­ڣͷ­֣ʶ޷֪ڣһͷ­ɻնʱԼĴڣض˲
Ŀһֶ
ȴɻʣץʮɴСͷ­Ưǰɲǣ͵̧ͷ˫Ŀ¶֮ɫ
̧гɵȫ沿Ѫͬһתڣͷ­Ȼһնȥֻһȴͷ­ϣһѷ죡
޾ѷڴɻʸɫͻȻʹ࣬ۿɼļٲϣ
һ̣һ⻹ǾõۣȫȥΨǺԶɫӣͷ­֪Щʲô
ɻɫʹɲǣͻȻǾõһŭһԼٶ˲Ϣţǵһͬʱɫһ䣬
ȴɻʣͷ­ʱѪ֮ͷ­ѷ˲䣬к£ĺնȥ͵һģûѡЭûҪȫնͷ­һУڵѪ֮Ѫڣ
ȣС޵ĵֺξ壬ǴΣһɻʳХھõٵ˲䣬ͷ­Ѫ֮Ȼٴ˫ۣſ˿ڣͷ­ڣһɹŨĽɫܶ
ɫɢ˲䣬ɻ˫͵İͷ­ϣſڣǽɫ
ɫɻȫգͿɼ̳ΪԸıնһѷ죬ѪԼǰ֮
һնʹͷ­ѷ⣬һٺ俪Ǻӹʦ֮ʹͷ­ѷ죬ȴ֮ǰһɻǿգ
Զĺӹʦɫ̲԰ףѪ
һ¶ٽһ˲̧𣬻һӡֱɻһ£
ͬʱ֣ͬһȭ
ǾõۣУûһǣɻһ̣
˵ͨٵɲǣɻ͵̧ͷ˫Ŀ½ɫѪڣȫнѪ£ѪҺУɿĸıɫʺ䣬Ѫɢȥı֣
Ѫ˫Ŀڣ¶
ãõɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ȴˣֻɻʣûͷ­Ľɫ֮ǰһУʵʵȴ٣ϵ˿ȫĵɢ
ЦУɻʵۿɼٶͣɲǼȻѡԱԱ˵ԤϣǾõۣҲδɻʱûбƵԱ
Աֻı̺ȴԾ죬Ա֮󣬾ǶᣬҲٲǴ𣡣
Ա֮ص͵ɢ˲Ϣ䣬Ĵط飬ձ֮£뵽Ϸĵعڣǵعеļ̳Լӣȫ߽⣡
ŵعɢʹڲͬռ䣬ȴص֮أǿУǻʹγͨһɱ֮ɢ䣬ֱӴӻʹ㳡ϱ
ʹĴأһʯΪĩ纣һŰ˷㵹вϵرת£ĳɨʹʹ겻Ļʹһ޴ƺɨȫ
һһ֮أǻʹڴڵʿ˲䣬ɢɳγɵĺ춯أǣʹڵʿһȻ־塣
ɳ˻ʹٽǻʹϵ˲䣬Ȼ˴ĿĽ⣬Կγ಻ϵĺ졣
ԽӾңƳΪ˻غ𣬻صݣ
ǱĽУⳡƽٵԴȪɻ֮ģȴֱһԼõ۶ȥ
ɻʵԱԱʹͬǴ˿ȥȴ޷ǻ˴˿ͬʱ֣Ǳ
ҲΪڳ֣ʶ˿ˣɫ˲Ϣ԰ףԼͬģ¶˿־֮ɫ
Ϊǳ֮ͨɻУѪںϣʹɻʱѪڣǵϢ໥ֿ֮£ͬʱ֣չǿͨܲģˣǴͷ­
ͷ­ôҪ֪֮ǰɻ£ʹͷ­ɢɫͬʱͷ­ѷ죡
һɻԱõ˳ֵ˲䣬ǱĻ֮ͷ­ʹͷ­ѷ죬պһΧɢ
ѷɢͬʱǰһΪ˿̷ĲҽУȴɢĺףۿɼٵĸá
⣬Ҳƺ屻ƣή
õΪߣټ֮˷ֵһƾǿΪӲԿƤһķģĿģ
ɻʣֻԱȴڣڴ˿ͷѷ󿪺꼱ɢ䣬ֱѷȥҪȥģͷ­ۣ֮أ
ɻʣ״ˣ˷£û׼ǣ޵׼壬ֵټҲм̳һЩΪɿԷΪʤɻȼգǾõ˶Կ֮˲ͷ­ѷ죬ֱĿ
ɾٽĿҪĿлԵڵɲǣȴͻ
ͷ­ĿУȻһ䣬ֵӰһ߳˺ܾãҪȵؼʱ̣
ͬһˣڴ˿̳֣ʼԣ
֮ûմȾ㣬˿ֺ̳ǵһҽУ˺󣬾õ۶ԿϾ˲䣬ֱӳĿڣ
Զ˫ӣڿֵӰ¶ϲ
Ǻһ֮УĿмһ
ֵĳ֣Ϊ٣һͷ­Ŀ˲䣬ɻʱƣȼյҪڵɲǡ
Ŀһû˿ԥ̧ɻһ˦ɻʾǴ𣬵ԱǱƣ˿̼ΪУڿֺ󣬶ʱһļУ
㡭㡭ɻʼУ͸޾Ŀ־壬㵽һУҲһƴһΣȴôҲû㵽־ţ
ֹû㵽õۡһˣҲͬû뵽־û
һ˦ɻʵļУûкˣǷҪڣȴû˻ᣬ˦У̱ձץס봢ռڡ
˵ɻʣڣֿѲΪ壡
ɻɲǣͷ­֮ǰѷ̫󣬴˿УٴѿһЩ
ַŻԵǣһ߳ͷ­Ŀվ֮䣬һ̤ͷ­֮ϣ
ͷ׷һ̣ٴۿɼٶȣΪ˺ɫڷ£Ŀ
ˣĳҪˣ


1996 
ֵĳ֣ɾľٶ仰Ĵ˲䰲
õ۴ɫӿ˺ȼյľʹȴǿΪѹţ֣˫Ŀ¶ɱ
һж㵽ȴû뵽ؼʱɻʾ˴壬ѡԱⲻɻʵ˽⡣
ҲͰˣ˵ɻԱͷ­Ҳȷ򿪣ǼɢǱ˴Ҳû໥ɱɣʹأԷɢ֮뿪˵أصԶչһʱͿ
þõٴʧģ־û
ûҿӣΪһռһʹôΪ
Զռٵ˥ϣ˫ĿӲУӵ֡
ǵһȫƣɫΪʹ֮࣬ҪڻԼľʹֵĳ֣ʹУŭ⣡
ŭ⣬Ͼʨŭ
һ˻ΪǴһ֮ƣ˼̫࣬ӡУ־ԾһˣҲϣ
䣬һѴ˿ϵľʹɱһȥֱ֣ټ죬˲ٽ̧˺Ŀġ
һ£˾ֹһ۳һɣָһ䡣
ڷ͵̧ͷ˫Ŀ¶飬ǵһ֮ٵ˲䣬»Եķӣǰһӣ̺֮춯ضȴһƬɫɱ¾Ȼûǰһ
ֵͬʱͷڷ޷Զһɱ¾ĬϢںȻʹô˿̵֣Ǵɱ¾飡
ɱ¾֣֮ʼ
ɢɫĻε⣬߼䣬̺Żɱ¾̾ǵһ֮ȥ
صУһУ̻ɢ˲䣬ٴ۶ĿĮ飡
ɱ¾ɻ
ǵһ˵Ǵ𣬿ȴ֮ƣʮΪԷӳһ룬ֵɱ¾Ǻ£̵˫¶޷֮ɫ̸ܵڣǴӶԷڴһϢϢ˺ѣ޷ǵһΪ˴󣬵һΣڷǴǰˣ
ָоѾ˿̽٣޷ţɱ¾Ϣڣʹȴһ⣬
֮ϸӾң
㡭㡭һУΪ˾ʹµ֮ʹ࣬ǻԾ
һ֣ĳûҲ⿴ԽԽغ󣬻᲻ʹ䣡ִһ˦ɫĮڡ
һɫĶ֣ȴû˵Ķ֣һΣԼŵļɵϵĸ֮⣬ֵ˼飬ʹû˵Ŀ
õɫĿϣڡ
֣ϷϣٴС㣡񣬴˿ռ¾ϷҲ
ΪԽҵ֮ʣͷ­ȴǲܣ
֣ǴˣϷȷԸ˿̳أĪҪңͷ­Ϸ㰲ȫ뿪ҵȻԣպ㣬ȫΪ㻹̰ģ˵أأõ֣ƽ˵
˫ӣȻΪϷĶ֣һһ˾Էȫ֮Ҫ˼֮һ˫ӣǿ
ңеʦӣ֣㲻ҪѰ·˵ҵȴһԸȼһ´֮ɽ飡
ɫƽĿһɨ
ͬʱԶ˫ӴһΣߺɫ̲԰ףȴɢϹ⣬ϹУ˫Ӵͬڻ³ΪСŮ
СŮɫɷף¶ȻںΪһ壬ҪǸĴۡ
ֲ˼СŮԵ˲䣬ҽ̧ͷ­Ϻݺһ̤ʹͷ­ҵУ˫ĿƱŽɫѪ飡
ͷ­̺ǰѾƿɻڵľõ˷ֵ֮ǰɻʱȻʶ˿ȥܵơ
飬һ֮˿̷ɳ̱СŮס
ȶ˫Ӵã˫Ӵ£л֮ǰֻ䣬Ǿõɫ䣬ŭһΣֱֶ
ǵһ˫Ŀͨ죬һƬӰٴٽ
⣬ӣһ֣õļΪΪ𣬸Ǵ̫̫ã񣬾ٻһ֣ͬ˵һκĳ衣
Ӿõɱ죬ٵɲǣ˫ӴСŮһ˽סһ飬ɫ˵԰ףɫȴǹϣһΣٴ壬˫Ӵھõۻеһȥ
ص䣬ԶɫԥǺҧ´Ȼ
˫ӴԿõһ˲䣬Ŀһ̧𣬻ڹ⣬նͷ­˫
̽ɫĲѪУ˫⣬˦£ֱȥ
֮̧ͣһѽסĬн˫ߣ˺󼸲Ѿû˲ıҪǴ˿ƣԸ֣辡صչ
˺УһԲֻĿһۣתһȥӰ˲ʧ
˫ӴľõۣһĻɱŨҧ֮µͺȫ̰׹Ȼһ޴İɫ̫
һͷ͸˾õֱ˫Ӷȥ
һӣͷ­õ۲ϧʩչ̫֮ǿΪӲ֮Կ˫Ӵʹõһһ֮£Խ˫ӣȻһ̫ȴһҲڴ˿̲ϧأչȫ֣
ΪǴϼΪأʶ˿̫޹⣬ʱɢܷӳɲ࣡
ɱԾ㹻ɶɱ¾ٵĺڷ֣ȴ޷ʱɱ躣ӵİ뺣֣ںӵĵͨ£ʤ㣡
ɫƽǵһУͷ­ˣ͵̧ͷУԶĺ̿ڡ
Ҳ֪ǳƺΪ𣬻Ǻӹʦ㵿ҽ⿪ӡ㼴õ֣ͷ­Ҫȴǲܣ
һˣ㵿Ҳûкô룬ĳ֮ǰ֮£һʹ´δ


1997 ֮
ӳĬ̾һվûг֣Ǳ˫ۡ
ںӵѡ񣬾õҧ֮£ɫΪȴûٿȰ˵˫ӣչһ֮ս
Ǻ֮Ű˷ɢ춯Уһٽ֣ͨ˫Ŀڣ¶ɱҪɱ֣öԷѪϴȥĳ裡
ɫһĮȴǵһУɫ˫Ŀڱ˺ս⣬ս⣬Ѿܾûг֣ڶʱս֮
ұʿϧһս۷壡
һվͷ­ϣһͺڷ޷Զ̧䣬һɫƬ֣ƬǾõڳϣɼƬ
ʱľõۣôҲ뵽ڵļƻУ棬֪¾Ƭ
Ƭں󣬺ڷ˫Ŀ¶֮⣬һУ̧ؿ͵һġ
ȥ
鱾Դȥ
ơ̫ȥ
һ֮£Ӻڷڳɱ¾ĬԼΪ⣬бԴȫɢûԴֻʣᴩɱ¾Ĭ𣬺ڷˣ׳Ϊɱ¾Ļһһ
ڰУչһɱ
һ˻ƾΪ̫֮򷨹һںϣ̧־ͨ٣ֺ̺֮䣬Ǻڷһδεıȴ
ģֳΪڷ󣬾Ѳһľʹһδεĳ֣գȴһδںڷͨµˣʹأ
Уȴڷٴαֱ̺ͬһ⣬ۣǺָһָһ
һ͵ת沿ãѪ䣬ѪˮУһȭ̲ưǺҲֹһȭ£ָʮȴۣٴλӰ
ǵһȴһУ˳ɱ¾Ϣ֮ںϣ̧ͷʹ˻
ڷ˫ĿĮһٴγ
ͬʱȴǱڷֱƳɼƬڵ룬бԴеһԴȻɣ
ԴĴɣû۳ԴȴȫԲת֮£ϢĳΪһֵȻ˾̧֮ͷڷֽսĵһȻһȥȴɫƴ磡
Ǻڣ˴֮
ǻƣ֮
֮࣬ľ
˱̲֮ˮ
Ǻ죬֮
ٽ̧֮ȴǺɫĴ֮һƬãأãȴ˾˵Դ䣬ƴѣγһ޴ˣڵһһȭȥ
֮ڳ֮󱬷ĿâȻγ֮һѰȫõģȴ̺˽Դ˿ֺ̳󣬻ֱ꣬һ
֮ľγһŰɴСľľû·ĵһȥľƿƿأǿһ
̲֮ˮ֮γ˻ΣһܣȻȥ
ͬʱڷĿһӱɫһ
ɱ¾ֺ֮չǿ֮
֮أһĲҽУ飬Ѫ׵÷϶ɢģ̫Ȼ
̫ıһɴʹϷľľ߽⣬ʹķѣʹˮ֮ѣʹɢУһ𣬻ֵ
úڷֵ䱬γһˣ۳˺ڷ֮
ǵһĲμ沿ͷǣ˫ĿĿڣɻ˫ۣ˫ȴͬĻ𣬴˿¶˿־֮⣡
־ģ֮⣬ȫ֮ĸ֮ܵȻʼȼ꣬ٲȥչصټȥпܡ䣡
𲻸ʣһ˻һΣϷȻҪ뿪սܵӰֶ
ƱԴ񷣡
̫Դҹ֮
٣ɢǵأڷͬʱڣ
ȴһϿգҪȥɲǣͻȻ֮ǰȻΪ֮죬̳һƬ˸ֵĽƱԴ֮
ͬʱǽƱԴһֽȻû⽾ɢɹâƱԴУγ˹һĻ
ţ֮ԴȻûܣγһƬֵ̺ĵǵأ˷ǵһȥǿķ
ߣڷһһңֱһȥ
Զ˫ӽսľõۣɫ¶𾪣˫ͨ䣬ǰɫɫĺ£˺Ҫֱ֡
˫ɫ԰ףһҧٴ
˫ӣˣɻѾĪǻҪŵһ𲻳ɣõŭ
˫ӽŲһ٣Ͼ壡
һ壬ҲʼѪ䣬ӣΪֲʹ˫Ŀ¶񣬻Ȼ䣬һεĻϺȻȼգ˻һȭա
غȴǽơ̫֮ԴγɵĽһȼ䱾̱֮ʹõһ
ۿһҪߣڷ˫Ŀͬʱһ
ӳһڣӲǺڷֵĻɱ
սս߾ߣԡ
һзϧȼձ壬Ϊľ뿪ȥչأ˿ʲôţʲôȵһ֮Ŀ֮Уһ֮£Ӷʱģ
ͬʱǾõ˫һУҪֹ׷ʵϣȴǴɱ
ڷĿһû˿ԥǵһӣõٵɲǣȻֱȥ˲ںУγһģӰ
ƱԴ
̫Դ
٣
ɱ¾鱾ԴģӰڣ䣬ȴ伱ٸı䣬γֵ壡
ͷȫڣǳװףǺڰ׸룬̧ͷУһþõͫϢںȻ
񣬳޷⣬ǿı֣һЩΪкټԲɱ¾ںϵ۷֮
һڰײΰľ޴Ĺ̫ӰȻû̫˵ģֻһĳ֣ȴúӣþõۣ˫ӣӶеĵһȫһ𣡣
⡭ǡ
ⲻͨӰǡ֮
ⲻܣûȥ̫񾳣ôִ֮˵ģĵȷȷǴ֮ĳΣ
ƾ֮ǿ۳˴֮ˡˡ


1998 µǣ
֮ڰײΰ룬ɢĹâؼ䣬ޣ
ǿıֵ֣֮˲䣬ֽŲǰһȥ֮죬Ȼֱͬ¶𾪵ĵһȥ
õ˫Ŀأͫ͵һһΣ̾ҪֹĿŵһ䣬õ壬һƽⱻƵĲо֣
ɻɣһܳ⣡
õǰУȫ׹Ŀǰɫ̫ûâɣγһ޴İǣ֡
ԽԽɲǾڰ໥٣
֣һɱõ۴ûİſڣֱһھҪɡ
ɫƽǰҪɵɲǣǺڰײΰ̫̱Ŀ֮âۿɼٶȻСӿڡ
ʹֵ壬һ˲䣬Ǵ֮ȫ֮ǰǣһŤһȥ
֮ڴﵽһ̶Ⱥһȭһţ̺ع켣ͨ仯һȥʹ޺Ȼһ
ԶԶһʲôֵһţȻһְɫ֮һֺڰ֮ײ
죬Ű˷ص¡¡䣬ȴǾõ۵İɫ֮͵һǰ˻ӴƱһɴı˴ֻʣһͷˡ
õɫ԰ף˫Ŀ¶𺳣ܱ֮ƣҪȥѹƣ˫һս˿̴֮ʱϾǴһǴУǿĴڣ
Է۳˴ֻ֮δȫûͬһûп
Ĵ֮ʹöԷԼܷӵȫһУԼˣ
飬˵ͨΨһĽͣ۳Ĵ֮Ѱ
ͨĴ֮õ˺Уٴǰȥȴ֮ײУͬˣѪȴһ֮£ռ۶ȥ
õ۵Ĳִֹ޷أ˲Ϣ䣬ȻĻټȫŨҲʼ֮ĵһȥ
һ٣һۿ޷Ӷݣ˫Ŀ¶˻У̧һץ䣬̾һѺɫ䵶û䵶һ֣ʱɢɷƵһһȦȻһն
֣ҪɱǾ뱾ͬھˣһУһն¼䣬ٽ֣ڵâɨһ˲ֵ͵һΣ̾ͻ˾ʮŸӰ
ʮŸӰư˷䵶նУ˾ʮߣµӰȴǴ͸䵶ڵһǰֵۣӰ
ɫ԰ף̧֮һָڵһͷǵüġ
һһӴ׹䣬вҽлصһ壬֮ȫ汬׹ĹУѪ룬ӣȻΪõӣǺ£˱Ĵϡ
ҲģһԹ죬Ǳƣ־ˣ£ȴ״̬Уң
֣ˣͷ­ߣӣԲֳ֣Ҫµһõٴ׷ҧ֮£һ
ӳĬ̧ڴϵĵһһӡ
Ե֮֮˼֮Ǵڵļڣɢȥġʹͣ٣
һӼ䣬һ壬һɫĲƣⲨƻصʹ׷У֮ڡ
ĿһȻдĺ˿ɢֱһĺ˿͸ǲɫƣڵһۣȻֵӰ
һУҪһеķڵ֮ȫ汬ͨһʩչӺƱѪɢ࣬ҽУûٵ֣һ̤ؿڣݺݵ˵ϣ޷
ҪսսҪսսȫ룡һҳǰ˿ҰݣҪۣһֻ̤ŵһ̧ͷɫƽǼٵľõۣڡ
õְͣ٣֣˿ڵ֮ʱҲ
ҪʲôۣõǿԼ侲
ҽǵһһʱõһĺٴδ̼֮Уʹõһ˫Ŀķ˻ɢһδľʹֲڽ£衣
ҪǸӤͷǣ˫Ŀ΢ɲһƽڡ
õüͷһ塣
һͷǸңˡɫƽռȴδҪɱһϾ⼸Żõľ棬ΪĿһС
һĶ֣Ҫεļסֵӡ
һõһ
һ֪Լʱ䲻࣬ƣڵ֮ҪɢѾѣٵȥ¾ɢˣԼΪҲ̫࣬˻УҽһɿУһ̧һץһȭͷСͷǣС
ɿͷǣһһΣֱնȥ˲ƿޣʧӰ
ͷǿӤ֮­ڳֵɲǣܺȻɢޣ˰˷
Ϥĸоĸ̧һӣʱͷֱֶߡ
ͷǣһȥصͷ­Աߣӵͷ­ϣһֱԡ
֣Ϸ򲼾֣ջ񷴵㣬£Ϸסˣ뿪ҪΪ𣬷ĻϷ֮ʱҲҪһõ֣ݣûԼ뷨ֱ˵
㣬˫ӣһûлָƣ㣬Ҫۿڹɱ¾µѪʱڣҲ
ϷļƻԭǺõģҪдϷʹҵΪǿʹ廻Ӵ֮ɻһ
ȴΪ㣬һиıˣ£ҪеõЦ
˫ӳĬûпڣȴиãһ
ǸΣ˫Ӵ˾ϣ
Ƿ˫Ӵܶ࡭ֻȫֹ֮սԴ˲ڽ֮١
֮£ȻˣҲض˵˫ӳĬ˰죬˵
ããõ۴Ц˫ĿĮ֡
Ϸͷ­ܴǣ²ݰͷ­뿪˵أ
ϷѾò֮ǰ׼ǿдǣôϷȥѹ֮ƴպѻָҲҪ
˫ӣ԰ȡͷ­ɻѲУͷ­Ӧ֪ڴ˵صãõۻڡ
ɫƽ˫Ŀͫȴ
֡¡˫ӳĬƬ̣֡


1999 ɢճĺ
ֻǾõۿڣֿԲţʹΪ˾·ӣõ۵вʹ˷
Ҳţõۻ仰˵ȥѹ֮δָѣ
ǣ˫ӵĻȴǲܲ
ĿУѾǷ˫ӣҲ˿ڣֻܳĬ
һɣּ֮ѵĿڣûȥõۣ˫Ӵ
ɻѲУǶ壬Ҫ˫Ӵ̾Ŀֶ
֡ǣǱҪµġ˵֮ˣʼճĬĺӣ֣ڡ
˵ǽĴڣȴǿлָ壬ǼΪҪһطͷ­
ͷ­ѹʮ֮飬ΪĴڣʶʹʮ֮ʼձӡһͷ­ôûȥѹʮ񻹻֮飬һЩ֮飬Ҳʧȥѹ֮󣬴ӻûĴ½״̬عޡ
ʱȫңһ½Ҳɢ壬һƽ١֮ǰļƻҪ壬ʶϷͷ­󣬻ѡһ˯ȡͷ­Ϊѹʮ֮Ĵڡ
ˣѡľǣ
ӵѪĲΪҺܶҲӣֻ轫ͿǣڴΪ󣬳Ϊ
ΪѹЧԣ㲻ܴǿУ򡭡Ҳ֡˵
֣°ɣΣգֻǱѹʮ֮顣˫Ӱ֣̾ڶ˿ڡ
õһԣһĻû˵
ֳĬͷ­ϻԵķӣûκԥڻﴫ
ҷͷ­ֻǣ
ǰͷ­·ŻԭأҲ޷ѹãΪͷ­ѾɻնڵΪɢѾѹãõһ
ɫ̲԰ף¶븴ӣԷĻ򵥣̫ȥ˼ҲˣΪ档
֡ǣ°ɡ˫ӵ˻
ʱţֵ˴ˣã̾һ޷ǿд߷ӣ˫ӴֹõҲ֣Ǻ˳ֵĻִ߷ӡ
οһӴߣôңֿԲںʼհԼ˫ӣǸʱ򣬽ܱڣҲ˳ֻ
ĬУ¶ɬǻԵķӣ˫ۡ
ӣٴʹʱǽȫȳһ̣ҷģ̧ͷ­һģ̴ͷ­⣬봢ռ䣬͵̧ͷ
õۣȥѰңĳպ󻹻٣䣬һΣֱնȥûлͷ˻ԵķӣĴʹʹһУõĺô沿ִУͷ­۳˴֮
գȴɴ߷ӡ
ѡֻԥģһ컯ɢ߷֮£ֻǣһУʱ򣬾ѾΪע
Եλļƻܣɻӵ壬Ҳ㵽ˡνĶᣬҲƻһ֣ȴƻ
ɻѡԱ֮ĸֵǴҲп˳ȴûиֹ֪
ôΪһ˺ӣҲΪɢҶŭ⡭ֻǣ׿ʲô˿ѵĿУҵĴڣȴɵɡ
뵽˴ڣλ콾֮ˣµĻУһ˾ġ֮һ֡
˫Ӵ𣬵ͷһۻǣ̾һһΣͬգԶȥˡ
գ߳һ˲̲סͷ·
ˣںʩչУԵķӣϱ˴ĿĽ⣬ǽ£ӵӰһֽɫ̫ȡ⣬ǽâɣɢУһɴΪȻ̫
ɴִ֮ȫ۳ǹâ£ǣΪɻ󣬵
ֻ𣬽Զ˯ѣĴڣֻȡͷ­ѹʮ֮飡
ųΪ˴ķӣŶԷڽ˸£ǽɫ̫Уһɽ壬ɽͨƣֱ
ɽĳ֣ĴۿɼٶȻָ糣ֻ֮ǰľɽȽϣĴأֻһɫɽڣ
գҲָ֮أȫԭ
һ۵Ŀ⣬ǽɫɽͣ˰죬תȻ뿪
߳˽ǱĵعУһȥʧӰ֮ʱȻ½ϣݵǻʹڡ
ʹΪ˷棬һۿȥֻһµ̣棬̧ͷգ˫쿪ʩչͨӡ
ǵ񣬳Ĭ
һƬŤ˫Ӵ߳
ʱѾȥıӻҲɢԺ壬ûɻѪˡ˫Ӵǵ̾һ
лл㡭ƽڡ
֮ǰĳŵܸĴۺܴ󡭡ҲͬҪлл㣬ҷʱѡֻСŮҡ
ǣȷߣϣ⡭ұϾ壬㡭ڹ塣˫Ӵ˵
ɫ糣ת˫Ӵ𣬶ԵԼ֮£û׷ʣҲûΡ
ллֱȭ˫Ӵһݡ
ҵõ˫Ŀصں׼չأأǾʹ뿪һ·صڣ
һ˴šȻ뿪塭Ŀڶݵķ򣬻ڡ
˫ӴĬƬ̣̾һ
Ҳ֪Ұ㣬ǶԣǴҡͷУһ٣Ϲ£»СŮСŮһƣһͷ֣¶΢Цֻټ磬նȥ
ޣȥҪ˯һ۰
ҪǻȥȿСȻȥϢɡ
ðǾôŶ
۵ͯڷ֮һصСŮԶȥӰ૿ڡ
ллǡ
ֱ˫ۣһΣһ磬ضȥûпĻʹУǷ䣬ĬĬıӰսĺɫУɫꡣ
ӣ߰ɡ
ںӵ󣬾õһƣ߳Ѿʼ޷ѹˡ
ûгҲ㡭Ӳˣ´ԵպаƵľõۣĿڿʱ¶˴簮


2000 ǰ
ǻʹĻɻʵ䣬ھõ۵ѹ£δ￪ǳΪ˷ĻʹǺܿͻָ糣һжûзƵġ
ɻʣٴαչء
һɻ棬;չأʱ䲻ʶ֮ޣɻʵһαչأҲû뵽̫ࡣ
ص˱ݣһƬ֮أ̽˱زĺУĬĬɢڵ
ʼûгֵɢҪȵһõһЩڼ˫һɢȫ˫Ϊ١
һǾʹ˻ѹڵ裬ص˵һںѡ˱չء
ֻȫ汬Ѱֶθ޷һΪΪ˸Ǳ˫Ϊˣ
ΪɢڵӰָΪһڣټµ뼸Ծ𣬸ǻĽǿߣǿнڵٴηɢһֵ
֮ǿʿմ֮ʿҲȫã˻˵ͦʱԳһЩյĽ
ΨԾ𣬷ƾǿΪֵ֮£ӲĶȹֻǴɼ
ֱһԾɢ󣬵һǷĿʼѰҵʿֵܷһ˿мĺô
̵ֲķֵ£һڣΪڡ
õ۴źӣص˵ɽѡ˱չأΪǼǿܺƣȴƾɢټϺԵ֮İõڵ֮ʱţὥɢ
Ψ˫Ӵ䲻̰ʶûдصںСŮѡ˱չأں˫Ŀǳ֮ʱ׵޸֮ǰתʱɵ
壬λֻǵλ𣬳˯ʹصĿռع£صؽУһɫɽ壬ѹʮ֮顣
ɽ£ʼûѣڵ֣һεĵ

嶫ݣţޡ
һƬɽ͵ţޣڶǰħһսУɽ˱ʹţ޵ĵòı䡣
ŵĸ֣ȴǱ仯ǴһǿСڴڡ
걻ȥǵڵӣҲͻصţǸвͬ컯Ϊ˴δ
š
ţڵ뿪󣬾ʼڱչأ£ڵ£иλϸֻһ㣬ֵɽ壬ﻯ˽أ̤롣
£ܶ˲⣬йֵĴԼ֮ʱǰ׷ԾݳɵĴˣĴӸּǰ׷Ծʱףţɽľٶ֮
ĳϣڴڣȻӸλǿԾһЩ£԰ɽ壬ȥѡõĶ
ȴʼûȥڵɽ壬ڶԶңңĿǵֵĶÿµһĻĻͻһˣվɽֵۣɽ壬һ˾ĳĬ
ɺ贡ɺΣɻĵӣֵ˽Թ֮ǰѾ⣬ȥѾĿˡ
ڣĳУЩһˣΪ࣬岢Ѫ⣬һľͷԪۺ󣬳Ϊ塣
Ǳյ㣬ԲǳϵΪΪߣЩ֪֮϶١
ţһδεճУţڣʼû̫ı仯ɽɽǸ¥
վڴ⣬ǰϤţһʱڴŵ˽ֻ¶ΪԼ˽ˣ뿪֮پһδ飬ڻʹڣ֪ƫԶĴǻʹĹʱ֪ԭԼţֱ񣬻Щ֮
塭˿ԳԽ콾֮λ棬Ѿûļƻȴǹᴩ˽꣬ڵܼ㵽˽յı仯ƻˣÿһˣжӡ
һƻɹĽ⿪ĽӡʹһϾʹʣһˣӴָ֮ɡ
Ŵţɫӣ½ѾܶˣֱףƫԶţޣںܶǿ˿۵Ĵţصܣ׷˷ǰ
̾һ̧ŲŴһȥ
ΪԶԶţˣڵһʿĵ˿Բ
Уֿ˶࣬վɽϣźɫĳȹһ˷ɺΡɺ贡
ûͣ٣ŵȥģػ
ػ󣬵Ҫţ˿ֲſҵһȥ֮ʱѾվ˲ػ⡣
һ߲¥ϡơ¥⣬޴޵̾
¥ŹرգһƬžǴŵϷ֡
ػ
˸߲㣬ʵϣеڰ˲㣬еھŲ㡭ǵʮ㣡ʮ㣬ţ˵޷룬Ǵ棬֮ء
ɫƽ̧ͷǲػ󶥲ˣѰҴ𰸣Ѱǵ콾ΪԼ֮
ƿǽյĴţ˽ȥһУϤһһݣƽȥ
֨֨žĸ¥ڻص˵ڶ㡢㡭ֱĵڰ˲㡣
ڵĽƣ˵ȥƣ߹ɢ
ͨھŲĽݣȥһģߵھŲ㣬˲֮ϣƯһЩڼ¼˴ŵǿͨ
Ҫõػ
Ŀһɨһӹֿڼ¼һУŲԶһϵĽȥ
ͨʮ㣡
ʮ̨ף̧ţһһ߹ػ㣬ʮ㡣
ڽʮɲǣֿĬõһĻɫããһ̾
ԭ֮ҲһҪҿһĻһ콾֮£֮ԣӴһʹûٿǵʮ㣬תһȥӰʧ
ֵȥ¶˵ʮڣһĻ
ʮ㣬ֻʮҵĿռ䣬һ񣬻һߺǡ
ǵһӣվĿ⸩·˫Ŀ̺һɻ˲ŭĶǰǺǡ
Ǻǣ˹ڵǰɫ¶ʹ밧ͷѿһ϶ԡؿڣһڳĿġ
˫̧ϣήԣϣŲģŵϣԭ£ꡭ
ⲢѰĺǣ˴˵Ļ꣬˻꣬Ϊˡ
ǵ̣֡
⺡ǣǴ棬콾


ʮ ƻɺ


2001 
½ʮޣռɶ࣬µĽУΪʮһɵķΧǽɷ޾֮
ƬˮΪ֮겨ӿ죬˲ɶȹʿΪ֮޷Ƭд
˺ΪһȻϣʹɹź˴֮ء
Ƭˮģıݣ֮ڣһޣΪޣ޲󣬼ȫѩ
ڴ޵ʿϰ޹ҲǺһ˵طϡ٣Խǽӽ棬Խˡ
֮ǲãĴ󺣣Ϸź޿ȥĿͬһ޴ı飬Ǵ󺣵ıԵˮҹҹĳȴʼûڻ
޽ĺˮУҲʱһЩ۵ı㣬ںƯԶȥ
֮صܣԲڣû˿飬ʿҲ̤˵صĺʵ̫ʿҲѪ֮ѪҺҪˮһ޷档
ѩʣХ֮䣬ʹһƬƬëѩɾϸ֮ɢƯء
ѩУ˵һ޼ʣģȴӰԶѩϣһһ
Уһ£һͷ׷˿лѩϣҲ˺һ㣬䲽䣬Ҳѩ¡
Ķˣһǿߣϸһȴӣͷѩ£˫ַߣϵغŰʱһ˵Ŀ⣬˼ʣ
ӼϣһСߣֻСߵӣһ㣬˿ſÿӿҪʱһʹӿԼȥ
һˣһ󺺣׼ȷ˵һ󺺣һ괩һް󣬿Ϊӷף·ҡڣزѩкҪ̧
˵غ䣬ͷȻкˮɢ˼
̤֨֨ѩ֮֮ɣȥֻܿģкܿʧĽӡѩд˲ã㱻ĨȥΨʱ޷ɣ˳
үүڶ½ӻˣӣСҪүүȣϲϰǴһް꣬һ⣬ҫĨĨͷϵĺ
ȰģȰܲˣ̫ˣ밡ȲȣôôȰ
Աӣ룬ݺݵĶҪ˵ȴк紵ʱһ£ɫҲЩࡣ
ף밡ģôأĪ䣬װˣû˼ģƭҡүүЩǣʲôûʶҲ˲٣ĺģСһСҺ찡С֮ůˣ밡ЩΰһѺõӣĿеĵ⣬ȴʹ飬ȥ֮ƴ˵ĸо
·ˣҲ̫Щ˵밡ĺ䰡ûϵүүǺֵҸ㡭ɨһۣ˵󣬹Ķһ¡
һ㶺ɫ¶ϲУٺһЦٴοڡ
ܽЩ·ıɣ˺һ£˵Բأ㲻ƭôȥƭԼƭԼԼϴů·ⲻ͵ˣһǸпӣϵ·ҡͷԡ
·ޱƣвůϢүүҴӳ¼ģ
ްҲϣһţүүүԼģ


һĽܣû˵꣬һ

үүʲô£˵棬ĪǻҪǿɣӴСӵ˰һۣ̾Ҫߣӣֻ·̫ߣһ㣬һʱߣġ
ӡ㿴ҡҡŭ̿ǰ˿ȥ֣
ӣҪԼҪ壬ΪģߣѩҪǣû£û£СԼͿԴæһģܼһߣһּ̧ϸǻͷУݺݵص뼸ۡ
ҪүүеĵλޣСӻʸүүʱСӻ֪ʲôطأ
㡭
ôˣҽ˵ΪⱱݱĵطƾԼΪ߹Լ־ᣬڲϵתΪУߣһ£
˵ģôˣΪûߣûɵæҺ䣬ҴްʲôҪްҲһ
ۿ˻Ҫȥüͷһ·ϣԴӶ˳ֺ󣬾ʼղϵ
ˣ룬ֲסҿԽ봢ռ䡣ֽŲһ٣ͷǱĶµ롣
ܸߵĻᣬһָ˵ʲôҧ֮£ҡͷ
ӣҡһܼ֣һ˲
·¼롣ֶ˵˼һ۾ͿԿ͸תԶȥ
鲻Ըģ¼ްӸ룬æϣٴ໥ݺݵĵ˼ۣ໥Ŀ˼䣬̸ֵĽŲ
ʱţû˿ż½棬ǲã󺣶ȥģ˵صĺԽԽأҲܲסִһ˦ŶһȥӰʧ
֮ʱǺޱԵǰӿһƬɫ󺣣ǺƯŴı飬ʱ໥ײ졣
˴˺ǹ塭һӣ봢ռ䣬һվĬƬ̺ǰһΣ֮ʱĽһ޴ı顣
վڱϣֻͷصķ
ֵǰֳһĻĻ£Щ˿̵ĺ֮磬ͷ׷Ƿ˿Ʈҡ䣬ȥˡ
ֽµı飬źƮԶľԽԽԶģֵĿ⣬Ĵأģ
վģؼ䣬Զȥ壬ģƿ˺ܶϤףЩףҲԶȥɢˡ
ӡٻʱ򡭡һ䣬ûૣ˫Ŀ¶˼ᶨϣ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãֱֵĿУҲĴأǲ˾Ĵ󺣣ԶߣϦ£¶һƬհĺ죬ϼͣسΪڰ֮ʱת
ʦ𡭡ˡĿһһΣʧǱϣӰ١


2002 ·
ҹҹĽ棬˻ĺХƬãϣΨһı仯
Ǻˮٱ䣬˳ģԽӵķ˾УҪ俪ȥ
ͬǺ£ϢĳǿĺޣҪƬ󺣵һȡյ࣡
ɺǺϺХߣΪٶƱл죬Ǻͷϥһ֮
ûչسɴ磬ٶȸϵʮǺǰУϥУתΪϢ
һȥ壬ӦòΣϾʦ֮˫ۣձ࣬ƣģůġ
ڹ壬ҪĬĬУɶʦĳŵȥػһػʦת
ұϾڹ֮ޡɫ꣬̾һ
ϧ壬ûҵˮûҵ˾ͽҲûҵٻ÷Ϊź
ˣٴ֮ʱҵְ̾뿪ǰչʶȥңգûҵ⼸ˡ
Ҳȥʼһ뼫һȥŻʳǡǲ֪ŻʳǱȽϣΡֳĬУԶ
ҵΪҪڹչУȡտԳΪ𣬵ǸʱʦԼҪȥѰĻꡭĽ¶ˡ
һ˿꣬ֻĻҲſ취ѡ̧̾ǰһץ̱һѷ˺ѷ죬ֵĴռ䡣
޷Ĵ򿪣ȴ
½֮˺֮Գ׵ĵ䲻ⴢռ䡣ѪһǰڶΪѪһζƯǰ£һɱɷ
ڵһ塭ѪȥɷֵУƻָ϶
Ҳįįͷ­ʱӦįƴˡһε֮УҪҵįĺˡѪһ֮£һѪѪֱգú󣬴Ƶĺ
˽Ϊɵؽȫ֮ӳѪһ̴죬Ѫѷ죬Ƥһ㣬һ㡣
ʺѪ⣬Ը޵ɫ󣬴ѪϣѪֵ¶ȴһۿһ㵭ķӡ˿ּ̻䣬ӡƿ
ƿ˷ӡѪϵɷŨŰ˷ɢַԲǧĺ棬ƻһɷ籩籩У¶һ޴ӰӰһǹ壡
ȫףӰϣȻһϸѪ˽ɷնĻ
įĹ磬ʦڣһҪػĵط֪ʲôӡѪյ֮Ӱɢȥ¶ʵĻ
ɼƬԴɣйһҵΪٴһЩ֮·ȫͬҪǱԴԴĳ֣Ϊӡ
ǽԴĴɣֵΪȻǿսڣ˿սٺڣټΪĲִУˣǽڣſڱȫ֮ʹǴ֮
ɱ¾Դ͡бԴҲѾҵ֮Դ
ٸ֮ԴΪﵽսԲֻǣ鱾Դĸ򣬺ѡһҲֻǸ鱾ԴѡĿ¶˼ѵõƽУʼԼδΪ֮·
鱾Դĸ򣬲ſΪպУѽҪܶº󣬷ٴߡüͷµĺںУһ·ƿ˻ԶԶһһߡ
˻ʹú沨ֻǿһۣ¿ʼ˼δΪ֮·
Уˣ֪ʱҲӵٴλص֮ҵУ˲ͬôҿҳһҵΪӡֳ˼ڣʱš
պֱŵ˫ۻ¶һ˿ƣ
鱾Դˣ԰鱾ԴΪø֮·Уصɱ¾֮档
ˮ۳ʣ½ľ⼸ܷҿýľԴ۳ôͳʵ
ĻӦɵĿܣҵΪܿ鱾ԴĸٴΪսԲ˵Ļս鱾Դ٣һ鱾Դȴǿγһδս
ɱ¾֮壬ԴĸԴɱ¾̫Ĭ𡢽ƣֻǴɣҲȫʹɱ¾֮ҵΪӦɳԽս٣
ֻ·ľֺ󣬲ſ֪ǷֳУδ
ڴ֮֮Ի֣ʵҴе沿ΪкĹ
ĴУûΪӣȴʹұȫ۳˴дڣҵս
Ҳֲţ鿪ΪսΪµһˣǴûȼ䱾֮£Ҳһս
ҵķȷȫ۳ΪߣӦȼձ֮Ĵ֣
һɱ¾֮ҲȫУսʤ֮ˣ򲻻࣡ʱܸĵ鱾ԴڶڵֻΪ鱾Դ˱Դɺ󣬴ѰԼͿʹ鱾Դֵ
Ǹʱ򡭡˫Ŀ¶⡣
𣬲ҵĶ֣ϾҲãԾҲգֻǿս֮һɣɣУҲԡûУ
ңһڵķǷڳɳѣܶã
ʱ䡭Ҫʱ䣡ֻ˫ۣǴռУͷ­֮ڣһ·ʼоףԼͷ­ȫ뵽Ĵ֮ʱģʵһʵ־ͿƾΪʮ
ĴռڣƷһΪһ˿׷ΪһȭͷСͷ­
ƷַǳϤĸоȴʼĥ͸ϤԴ
ʱһȥ沨ԽԽңǴһֹ֮ɹŴĹؼ
˵ڱȽ̫࣬ԲȥᣬϢɢֺ壬ʹǺٶԽԽ죡
ϣһڵ㣬Ǻڵ㣬ޣַųշ˻֣Źȥ
º󣬵ٴ˫ʱԶľͷһƬɫĴأ֮ͬĺɫϣ͸һɲçç


2003 ʹ
壬ãأһƬ
ϸֿͬǺɫĴأһۿȥȻȻһѹ֡
ͬʱأȴѹĿ⾡ͷͷſƺŹϢڻ
ΨһȨͬ壬һȫ׵ľƣһ㣬Ĵϣֳ˵ššʼ֮
λŻʵȨɻʿԱ⣬ȨΪϣΪһεѹִأй˵
ʹһѣʹȫԥѡܿΪ֮ƴ񣬵ڹ壬κһʹڣ飬ôΨˡ
һ
ȫ
⣬ǹ壬䴫£ЦȴɻʿĻȨ
Ļʣ죬Ǵ˹棬Ѫĸ߹κ޷Ĩ𣡹壬Ѫ
ǴҲûȨȥŻʡΪϣߣһػߣȨϣŻʿԺһˣ
˴Ż֮飬ŹŻ֮ˣԶԶ
岻ͬĴõۣɻʣɱ¾
ڹ壬ܴΪϣȴκ˺ɻʣΪŷߣʥеǿ
ᱣ֮ǿԳΪŻʵĴڡ
ڹ֮ģ֮أΪʥأҲǿĴڡ
йعһУڶ˫Ӵǹžڣ˽һЩʶ˿٣û統ո̤ʱãȻ
ֻǣķΧϾ̫󣬶вûȥŵĵͼ򣬹ʶѰ󣬷׼ȷǰŻʳǡ
֮ʼһǿԼһΪġһ࣬ȴҲһǺɫϣǰһڴ˵صϢ
ӣץһڱǼ䣬ԸܵƬϣһڹѪ
ʦ𣬵˹塭վӣǰȥ
ֵǰ⿿󺣵Ĺϣһ޴ĳǳأ˳ͨһֺɫľʯԶԶһǴֲڣȴһɰɢ
ɰ⣬˹ÿһ뽨ĺ֮С
ǳڣһеĽŴַţӴޱȣһˣҴҶߣһЩƤ׵Ĵ󺺣ϵڳǳںȣ˿ǣ¶֣̿׷ױ˿
⣬糱Ϊ֡
ڳԶûѡȥվһ֮ˣ￴˹ħйЩ˾ĴС糣üģĿеǵ㣬ȴָܵϤ
ֵһΣôĹ֮ˡ
ǳԣҲ߰˸Ƥ׵Ĵ󺺣⼸üĻ˫ĿУԶǵڣ˸УֱǵӣɫŲͣĿŵвʱɨͬʱлͺȡ
㣬Ҳ㣡󣬽ǣ
ʯǺ̸ɢ죡޳֮
󺺵ĺУԭֵĳŴЩҪ֮ˣһӿ˽Ų
㣬˴⣬Ȼտ뷽ŵȣܴЩǳصĹ֮ˣҲ̿첽ɢʹóڣҲܿͿӰΨһܿģǽٸƤ״󺺣վڳǳеĸƹؼĽ䣬ǵĿ⣬ʱţʱǳĵһʵĽ
Ǵ˵صĿտһӽڲԶӰ¶˳߰˸󺺵ע⡣
ɫƽջؿǳǳصĿ⣬תԶȥ˳ûǿߣҪĵͼԽϸԽãΨǿϲſɾ߱
ոת
վס
ȴ߰˸У߳ˣ˾ǹ֮壬üиԶǵ㣬˿Ŵ󲽶
üͷһ壬ͣ½ŲתٵĶˡ
ǺˣԺδ󺺣Ŀ⾼һɫƣںȵ
ֻ֡ڡ
Ҳվ˺ܾãȴǣһ󺺣֣֡
Уӡ¶ԱǴ󺺣ٴοڡ
΢΢һЦüĳ˾Ÿǵ㣬Ÿǵ˸䣬Ĺ⣬ʹֿû
¶˲䣬һ㶣˫Ŀͫ˳ֱȭ
μʥˣҵȲ֪٣֮ǰﲻʥ𷣡˱ȭУɫ¶Ϊ֮ɫǴһ˿ȡ
˱仯ʱǳµע⣬ڿüĵľŸǵһɫٱ䣬׷ǰֱȭһݡ
μʥˣ
Ϊ죬ɫȴ糣ڹ˽ʵϲֻ֪࣬һЩŵĵò򵥵ĽṹйݵĻ֣˽⡣
¶ǹǱƺΪʥˣ˵壬ǹΪʥǹħΪħʥв²⡣
һįĴУһЩйֻ֪֪࣬ڹ壬һˣɹ񡢹ħɡ
˵֪ͬʱ߱˾ǹ񡢹ħʲôƺֳУԼڶ羭Ĺڶ£ԼõĻѪǹϿɡ
ЩֵĹ֮御ûȥǿʱţȻȫǣֻ¶ˡ
⼸˵ӣڹ壬ܴﵽߣƲ̫࡭ҲǴ˵ƫԶԵʡԺͷһ¶΢Ц
޷Ͽеͼ򣿡ʵĻ߲̫֮࣬ǹеԡ
Ǵһ㶣ȴûж̧֮ؿһģ̱һöûɹţʹãֻ¼Ϣͬ
С¼ȫֻдŵķΧǴ󺺹ͳֽӹ֮תһɨ
ȷԷ˵Ϊ򵥣ΨжԸΪϸԽԶԽģ
ͨĵͼټ֮ǰһЩ˽⣬ҲȷʮϷʮΪʼһڣ򣬳Ƕ֮أΪš
˵غʯǣʼһľɣԵ
֪˵أΪηǣ򣬻ڡ
ʥˣҵȷһҪúʯſտӭӼƶʹŵĵǰһˣæڣû˿
ʹţҸոմӱչ߳ڴ²֪ϸ˵Ŀ΢ɲһ
Ǵûκγɣ˵
ʹţС֪Ҳֻ̫࣬˵ǵŻУϵѰòŮӣ˵˵ǵ֮ʣҪѡӡ


2004 ƶ
ڴ٣С˲֪ʹмƶ飬ضʼŻͬ˴£ȻĻҲǡǴһһ˵
ѡһ㶣Ҳûж룬ֻǾԼδҪػĵһ֮ʣΪѡӣɳʹǰŹºǻơ
Ȼһ֮ˣôϣضȥʮϸĵͼҲʡȥȥѰҡƬ̣ҪѯһЩɫһ̧ͷǳǳأȴǳнŲúӴɫ׵Ĺʿǳڿ첽߳
Լǧֺλڳ⣬չ¶һƬɷͬʱӳڣ߳ˡ
ˣǰ֮һĴ󺺣߾нһɶ࣬ԳˣŽɫףźɫƤɫŭ߳
״࣬һʿһһɷǣòΪӢӡ
°˺룬ɫ𪣬лһѺɫӣֻ俴ɷ磬˫ĿڣȴһƣĿһǹ졣
һˣվǽ״󺺵Ҳ࣬һ꣬һĮȴڸǲסصıŰɱ¾վͬȼ˻棬ֻ𣬼Ϊ䡣
ǽ״Ϊף߳ӹʿվǰңԶȻ͵תͷ֣
ǶˣҲͬʱתͷĿüǾŸǵɲǣĿһ
μʥʥˣħʥˣƤ״󺺣гͬĴ󺺣˿̲˼̵ϥڵϣΪ
ǽ״ȴû˿ᣬ֣¶ɻ
λѺºʯǳƣ֪Һʯǣǽ״һȭ
¿˾Ǵ˫Ŀӣ¶΢Цͬһȭ
ΨǺ꣬ĿһɨĮвԲ
֣żȻ;˵أżƶʹٽʶһ֪ǷԸ㣬ĳȥǡ΢Цȭڡ
ûΪԼΪ֮ߣӶκΰȻ֮⣬ֵԸ˶ȻҪؾ
ǿͣһȴǡǽ״󺺹һЦˬʵӡ
ŶԷǸܵϵĹ֮еĸо΢Цǰһȥԡ
ҲʥҲȹ˵ڶӦõħĽ׶Σ֪չΣǽ״֣Ц˵
ħһɫ糣ҡͷһЦûпڡ
ͨڡ֮ѣôףӣû˿ħϢɢȻǻ׶Σ仰벻ʵͬʼûпڵĺ꣬˵Ŀɨ¶һ˿м
壡ǽ״üͷһ壬ǺһۺֱȭЦڡ
ҲˣΪħʥƢвãĪҪϣͨڡ֮ȷ̫ѣĳҲչࡣǽ״һǸ⡣
޷΢΢һЦȷûнЩС¡
̸Ƭ̣ǽ״ʥ˾ֵ֮£ֱֻҲʼûʳʲô
أҲʧȥ˽̸ȥ
ʱ䲻ãв̧ͷգǿ˾ʼֵ֣ľٶ̧ͬͷȴûзʲô
ҪջĿһ˲䣬ȴɫһǽ״̧꣬ͬͷգɫ¶ȡ
ȴУһɲǣ̷ɫ䣬㲨ͻȻ֣Ű˷صУһը죬ֻƾճһ޴ȭͷһȭĻ
ź֮ϵɢĻƱƸУĻѷԽԽ࣬󣬺Ļֻƴ͸һ˺գʹĻ¶һ޴ѷ졣
һԼɴСͷǵɫӰ˺Ļһ
ɫӰɫףɢħħ֮Ũһְ˷޾ɢ
Ȼһ˫ĿһƬѪ죬¶֮⣬ֺ˻˻Ŵ󲽣ȫѷ߳һ£ں䣬̤˴ϣ
Ų̤أһ˼ɢ纣һ㵹ƿһ㡣
ǹһ˫Ŀ
⡭ⲻѰһ۾Ϳ˶ߣڶҲֹһ¶糣һ㡣
¶壬Ҳᱣǣ֮УҪǣڱȻһͬ壬ͬʿǿ
μӣɵĹ̤˴ϣ˻춯Уǽ״󺺣ʥǺ꣬뿪ϥڵϣڡ
ǣǧʿȫɫȡǳڣп֮ˣһУ׷׹ݡ
ǳ⣬Ψһûйߣ֡
ǽ״󺺵ϥУ̲־վţʱһ㶣¶޷֮ɫǿ˾ͬˣǺ꣬ҲУ¶Ȼ֮⡣
һӣֹݣĪ˵ǴҲ޷ֹݣɻʣҲֻǱȭͿɡ
ƽĹͷϣ˿վһˣۣһͷڷƮҡһ꣬òѰȴһ˵ƣվƹ󲻿ԡ
󣬻һɫȹŮӣŮӿͲĿϣ¶֮ɫ
ǻ꣬ҲΨһվŵ֣ĿУٴδʱ̧ͷûٿ֣ǿա
ȴϣ֮ǰ˺ѷڣٴ߳һ޴ӰӰСһЩֻɴС߳ͷ˫ǣͨڣȻһħ
ħ˫Ŀͨ죬ŷ뱩Űܿһ㣬˻̤˴ϣͷվˡ
жŮŹͷ꣬ȭһݣ̧ͷڿ֮ʱ̱ΨһվĿ⡣
˲λЦˡǴŻ۵Źħͷ΢΢һЦת·ֶ𶯵Ľ״󺺡
ƣ£
ӣ˱ְʶǸոճڴ˵أ˵ҪҪһӣְ¡ڱְͽɱЧȣǽ״¶ŭɱ
ãǻĮڣĿһϡ
ӿɱˣӿڼ䣬ʱɵĹ̷˻޴צȻ̧һץȥ
ӣҪһץס飡צϣǷָƿԻޣߣֱ֣


2005 Ů£
ɫƽһͷ׷ƮУ̾һǰһȥһξãԼƺʺϹ塣
ĻȨӽһСϣͿԿ˺ܶ࡭Ҫȡͼ⣬һԭҪһԼŵĹȨжϡ
ˣһӣʼ֮ʣͿһ֮˹ݣԼֻûй¶ѣ˵𾪡
ǽ״֮ǰмӣתۼ䣬¶ɱŭԼûй治
ӣֻ򲻹򣬾ԴҪȡԼ֮ҿɫɱһˣһ⡣
ֱ֣ضǻȨϵĳ̶Ⱥ󣬲ſ¶Ҫǣй֮ˣֵĿȥУǷĵĳ羴ȣƼǻǼԾЩҲִȥ
ʼˣҲĲ̫ʺֳĬУȥ߳˲䣬ǰǹ޴צХٽĿ£ǿǹ֮צӰȻص
ֱץһ
һĻ˿ǽ״󺺣ʥ˾Ǻ꣬ͬȫڵصˣ֮ǰƤ֮ɫ¶Į
ǵĮһ仰
ȨǡֵڻӰصĹ֮צ͸һ㣬ƽһ߹
ֻ˵ֳΪ͸צһץһǺ䣬ȻԶǵʹŵĹħ
ǹץգͨ˫Ŀڷ֮Ũֵ̧ıӰһץȥͷǻӣȴһ㶣֣ɫ¶ء
й֮ˣһһ£ǿȥӦ֮ǰ֣˳
ǽ״˫ĿͫҲǾǹԼ㣬Ψʥ֮壬ſ˹졣
ǿ˾񣬴˿Ȼ˴ˣ߳һ˲û˿ɢԽʹԽǲѰ
˭
𺳵ģҪǺ꣬Ϊħʥ֮ǰͿ֣˿ڿԷĴݺ˫Ŀڣȴ¶ս⣡
ǹħͷˣԵһǷѡȡӣ֮ǰ֮£Ǳſֵֵֻ̬߳ǲɵɫһȴҲûϣϾʼһ֮£ΣҲ޹ء
ֻǣǿԼ֮ʱȴǴΪ⡣
ֲ죬ǹ֮צջأǹ˻䣬ٴһץüͷ壬Ųͣ£ǹ֮צٵɲǣתǹ˫Ŀ
Ѱô
ֳڣû䣬ûɫ䣬˫Ŀ¶Ĺȴ͵һ˫Ŀһ̶ʱĿ־壬ֵĿ⣬ܵ֡
˻ȻĲҽУˣϥڴϣӴݡ
һĻĳ֣ˣ׷׵ɫ¶𾪣Ǻеս⣬ڿһк߽⣬һ亹
״󺺸һ£𷽲ԼҪԷɱôҲû뵽һĿ⣬һ˿־塣
ǹͷĻߵŮӣӷڰտһĻĿɿڴǻӣΪԼʵһս
ǿĴ־ӣһУ޲˵ǰ֮ˣʵΪֲ
㡭㡭Ǽƶɫ԰ס
ûˣתջؿǹĿ⣬ĿУǹħ
ħԭҲ˫Ŀͨ죬ɢŰ񣬵˿̣ȴһӲڵأ¶֮⣬һҶ
ͷˣǺȻѣһһ⣬˺ڱǸԵĹ֮
ˣ˺Ȼǳʥһﵽ˾ǣˣȻͨڡһ̶ϣﵽһĸ߶ȡ
ǿģû˺ߣɫΪأͺһʱüģ˫ĿУԳ˾Ÿǵ㣡
һʮǣʮɢĹ⣬䣬̳޴Ӱֱǹ񡢹ħ
Ӱؼ䣬ŭ֡
ʼ֮䣬ۺ£ҵһ޹أĽп࣬ʵ벻ףԷΪԼ
ˣΪ൱ĿѪԭ򣬸ߵͲͬߣħһ壬ӵжʮǣΪĿս١
ڶ磬ʮǲ̫Բ꣬ĲԲƾŹܷӳȴԶˡ
ѪԵˡįΪȻ߲Ҫߣʶ߲ʲŻѰΪմȥǵ˽⣬ӦԾĿԲ󣬷Ļ
įпܣҲ൱ʵˡʮȫںϣǶȹȫ٣ô˵̶ֳȵĹʿ㿰
ĹˣӦ࣬ǧˡ̤ĹħֱϣһԾ𣬲վǹħͷߵһ˲ɫ任ͷڳˮܲסĿѹʶ˺󼸲
ˣ˵ˣ˿ˣɫ԰ס
ȣԵŻʳǣɫƽڣϣһһʦƣƣʹ߿ڸ٣ֺԵ֮ʱĸоֻ֮ʸָоģŴеĻȨ
ǰ֮ˣѹ
ǡ±ŻʴǺǵʼ֮ΪѡȥͼֿԷѹ¶֮⡣
ʱ䣬ѡִ˿ٴţɾúܲ졣
߿Ц˵ͷ
ҲȤĿǰѡôʵ
мƶӽӴһ·ȥѡŮ׼ʯǴһŮصŻʳǡæڣһ˵ţһ̧𣬸¹ħ
ȴǹħһͷϣвƻص߳òΪŮӣŮдŻ֣̿Ƿһݡ
ǶˣǴ˷ѡġ߹˵
Ե֮ѴȥŻʳǵĵͼһݡĿŮһɨջ֮ƽ˵
һԥһºȡһö򣬹ݸ֡
ӹֿ˿ת˹ħͷ­˵ˣ׼뿪ǻӣδС
ǰǻæڣһΣǰһݣɫǳϿҡ
ƶ֮ǰǰеǰҪ⣬һĻᡣ
ŶβЦЦ
ǻӼֿڣ̾һæȭ
ǰԵȣ˵ʹź󣬱ضǰ⡣ֵͷ·ǽ״󺺴
¹ʹŶȥ
ƳУûãӳڣ߳һɫŮӣŮòǾȴһ崿У̧ͷҲʱֵĿ⣬˹ȥ
ˣĿڰգۡ


2006 һҶĿ
ɫĴأⱾһէůļڣʯ⣬ɽ֣иɿݲҶ
һƬݻƵҶڰдתڷ£˺ʯ⣬ڵһһŮˣĿۡ
ҶɢֵĿջأһƽŮӣӵйѪȴû˿ƣһ崿һĸо
Ůӵ£һ룬벻ĴڲûƻŮӵ崿ƽһ˿ģںһγһֲǾһȻĶ
һ£续֮ˡ
¼ӡʹλˡŮӣ߳˳ź΢죬ͷǷһݡ
ΣŮǻӵ˵֮ˣǹħͷϵߣ˿ָ̻糣Ůһۣɫء
ΡǼƶ΢΢һЦ˵˵ҲʼУμһķ֧ӵܣֻμ˺ܶ࣬ŮѪԶʯڣҲ塣
лӰ¾ͽŮߣûгҲὫŮͻءħͷ߳Ƭ̣Ǽƶһȭ
ã£ʹȥɡǼƶӶԴ˸ͺ⣬ЦͷԸ֮󣬱㿴֣Ŀ˿ȡ
ǽµŮӣ̾Ըͣ޷ܾ£ֻҧ´Ჽħڡ
ڵλãŮǰ֮·ϣٽʱǷʾ󣬱߹ǹħ
һ󵭵ֱǼ䣬ŮӵԶȥɢ
ֱ̤ǹħͷվߵ࣬Ůӵ㷢紵ڸգȴڲסĿ⣬Ŀ͸벻ᡣ
ϣԼҪѡаɡҳıͲôӦáᱻѡС̣÷ҡŮӵͷ㷢ס˫ۣ⡣
ǵʹţڽӵºżƶֱȭһǹħȻ̧ͷ췢˻һԾֱ֮ǰ˺ѷ죬һźʧ
˵ؾŻʳǣΪңԶħҲ·ɻص硣
ڵʹ뿪ʯĽ״󺺵ˣҲǻӵĻּ䣬£Ƭ̺ǳ⣬һƬտֻԼǲĹǼƶŮ˴ڡ
֪ǰ䣬ɷ֪ƶǼƶ΢Цֱȭ
ֿ֡ǻһۣڡ
ԭǰǰ˵ز˵ĵطڲԶĿһйǰȥ̸øһ֮ǰ³çĻᡣǼƶɫΪϣֱȭһݡ
ƶ֮ǰĮ񹧾̬ȣĿ΢ɲһ
ȨǿǰҲҪһĻȨ֮ԿѹʵϣǹŵмĹһһû˹ŵ壬ĻȨضһһ˵ͷ
ǼƶӴϲæһԣ̤֮ǼƶߵŮӣ˿̾죬Ҫ˵ȴǻ۾һɣѻίȥ
ɵĴ̤ͷ̼Ϊ˳ӣоܺɣȴٷ˻ҲûУһԾճѷڣʧ
ʧĻϵѷҲɢȥʹջָ糣֮ǰһУûзһ
ֻǣǽ״ǿ˾ǺĶߣȴǴ뿪ʱһĮϵ
йλǰڴ˵صһ֮£˲⴫˴£ڣа壡
Ǽƶӣ
ʼһʮУĿڣĿ걻һ֣ǵأʹһƬɫʶΪ
УĿ£ӡһһһ̬ס󣬷ӡɿ
ڣһƬȺɽУһ״ɽһƬйΪ磬һ¶һɴ
ʹ뻤ػļΪܣһգйգͻȻҵķŰ˷£¶ҹգҹкȻһ޴ѷ죬һɵĴ
ֵͬʱ̱й֮˲һʹ뻤ȫڵϡ
ӭӻع
̬ȵ飬޲¶λƶӣڴ˵֮ĿУޱȸ߹Ĵڡ
ǴһΣ˴ƬйУƵľ޴ʯ㳡㳡ȻΪ׼㹻ķΧ̤ϣһڹ㳡ϥ£ͷ­ڵϡ
ϴ£󣬷ǻɴίŮӡ
˹ºת˳ӵĴһۡ
ܵõǰͣңǸƽԼµİȫ̶ֳȵĴټǰʼһĽսʿϧڶʮںϺ󣬻ùʧܣ˻Ϊ壬ʧȥǡǼƶ̾Ϣڡ
ֵͷĿǴɨתܵй
ٶǼƶӿԥһºҧڡ
ǰϲԸ͸ǰ
ŶֿǼƶһۡ
ƶ֣ͬɫΪϡ
˵Ĳֻڡ
ǰˣĴΪ֮ǰ빬̸Ǽƶ΢Ц֣㳡ǰĴڡ
˵Ϊݻȴ¶ָһ̤Ǽƶ̿߼ǰȭɫΪأȻһݡ
ʼŻӼƶݼ׷Ծ𣡡ǼƶӿУ̴һȴŮӣһ޷ţ˳ڿУֿе֣ȫ𺳡
׷Ծ𣡣
δϵڴ̽Ķ£³ǿߣǼΪ⣬ȻΪӣӵĳ̶ȣλ֮ϣϾλ˽⣬ⱻΪµһ˵İ׷Ծȴ֪֮٣
¶ɫǰƶӣ˫Ŀ䡣
̽ǰǰںʯǣӽã󺣣ӵÿĴ˿־֮ټǰҲмݣ֪䡣
ңﻹһǿͼ¼һǰĻֻͼ¼ΨҲſɿʶǰʶǼƶӱĿⶢţʱڳ亹ȴҧ֮£ɰֻóͼ¼򣬹ĵݸ֡
ɫȻĮӹһɨ֮£̿ϾԼеԾҲв١
ֻΨԼĻɢ⣬໭Ѱ


2007 ·
ƶӣĻͼ¼ϵĻҵӼһһһϳںʯǸոճ֣ҵĵһۣȻ˲ɣ
ȴصļҶûпɨһͷѾڳˮɫ԰׵ļƶ
ԣǴ֣Ϊ֤ĲǷȷȷֱ¶ǡô𺧣Ϊ£ֶҹмӡ
ֻǣ˸ҵݣһݣȻǱ¶ûе⣬ƾʲôΪһԾ˹󣬲ɱӡ
ǡɫƽĿǼƶͣƬ̺ջء
ĳǰˣѾ֪ҵݡֻڡ
ǼƶŴ˻˿ڴ֪Լŵľٶǰת˸Ȧ־ᶨǹȻ֣˵Ծһ˵Ļ
޴ΨһӣΪ֣ڹ御أΪңȴǿ֪޴ѡ˱չأʼһͿʼ飬İ£²˴롣
ֻǸʱ򣬸Ҳûȷİ׷Ծ֣޴ĵͬһˡ
Ҳںʯǿǰ󣬲ŻȻԭǰ޴ĵӣƶˮ࣬æڣߣܵ˼ѹѹ丸ʱҪأǰһ㡣
Ůӣһ仰ɫ԰ף޷ţܸڼƶߣܱƶ¶ûбܿȻǼƶ֮ˡ
ĿŮһɨŮգƶм֮
ãΪһĸͬƶæ͡
֪ҵݣ֪޴ĵӣŻҪȥŵĵͼӦ֪ȥţôһݣΪ£ƽ˵
ǰһľǰ޴Ϊʦ𣬵һĹŻʣû֮ǰȥضƶӿڻû˵꣬Ŀһһ
һ˦תȥ
ǰǼƶҧ֮£ͨһϥ˵ϣΪӣֻ丸ĸ󣬴δһ򣬵˿̣ȴǹǰ
壬»̫󣬿ڹȨ֮ϵĴأƶӵΪ֪֮ˣΪ֮𺳣
øȫԥһº󣬾Ҳ֮¡
ǰԸΪӣӴ֮常ܳΪʼδ֮ʣǰʼ֮ǹ
ǰңˣе壬ǰңҿǰһҪ󣡡ǼƶӴ˵ɫ˳¿
ֽŲһ٣תǼƶӣ˫۽¶Ĺ⡣
ΪȨϵʼһӣĳ¡شң˭˴ʹѡ
˭㣬ĳҪϧ
˭㣬ںʯĳ־һûڣĻӸͲ˹£棬ضһؼǰָ˴ˣ
ĿУȻ֮ӣÿһ仰˼ţ
Ǽƶɫ̲԰ףĸߣ˿ǰȴƸо͸һ㣬Էһۿ͸
ǡǹʦʦǼҾˣĸĵܵܡʮǰأΪۣΪռһԣڵʹٴʱҪУңһһУһθı˵ĻԵ
Եܰס˱仯δһղסٻꡭھ壬壬ֻģĸо˵֮
ϵĿ⣬ƶһ˿
üͷһ壬ڹʦƺкļɵһˣóܼ㣬壬־ᵽ¡
ĹʦȻ޷Ƚϣܼϣ޷ֵΪĵĹ۲£ƶĻҲԿ͸֪Էû˵ѡ
常ң¿ɳɣ񸸻ѾҪλ֮£»ʱǴѡ񡭡常Բһ죬常Ҫ뿪һûƶȥķ򣬻úТƶæڡ
Ϊ常׼һΪһƬТģ常¡Ǽƶ̧ؿһģʱֹâ˸һ
һУ˫ֵݸ֡
һӹУʶһɨһö򣬻һָϸԲͲ
ʼһرǺʱͣʼһΨлӿɵãһֻһ
һöڷӡŹµһָ֮󣬵ãȴǸԴ˹һָ֮ڵı仯ӵá
ֻʼһĻӣŻʣδ˿ԸȴǳΪ˻ӵ͸常
ԲͲҺҺѾ޷죬ǹ£̺˼ΪľԴ֪֮常պգضޱԴ֮ʶ׼˴
ֻǻӣǹŻʣպܳΪŻʣʼһŴ֮常ѡ񣬺һ֮Ա常λ֮Ǽƶӵڣնһ㣬͸һɼᶨϡ
УĿ¶δ
ֵĳһƬžƶɫţΣģΪţѾ㹻ĳ⣬ϧݣϧΪͳֻΪ˻ֵϿ
ʮǰ˫ľ˾ˣǰץֱ۵ĻǻʮڣӡС
㲻˭ϰ㣬պɳʼ֮ʣһ˿ܣΪͳ֮أΪĹŻʣ
ҾҸĴۣ㵽һ˿δ
㣬򡭡ꡭƶԺУֳľ˾ˣǱĿ뽥ϵ˫ۣɿץ֡
常ƶֿͷ
ص˼žɫ԰ףܵ˴¶Ļ֮Ҫ
ã֮УֵĻﴫ˳
һöҵ򣡡
ƶһ¶ϲ֮ɫ̴ӻóһö򣬼صݸ֡
ĳ뿪ŵһ죬ٳΪ常٣˾ϣܰԼδڵһУᣬҪº·
˵֮лмƶݳ򣬿˼ƶһۺתŴ⣬һȥӰʧؼڣӰ١
ֱȥƶȫȻˮʪɫȴǼ˷ܣһȭͷ
ãҶԵ֮ʵ˽⣬常ضʣǿߣͲһ֮ʿ˩ס常ҡһ
ֵôŮվڡ
ƶӴЦ
ֵ常飬ݣʹɲȥѰ޴ҳľ׸Ầң


2008 ¯һݻɭ
֮壬һڣ½ϷλǵʮһݣԴһЩ
ӴķΧûسɴ֮Уܶ귽ɺɣڹ壬Ĵ񡢴ħĴڣ˺ĻߵٶȣԴʱ䡣
Ǵʼһĵʹţֻ¾ͿɻصŻʳǡ
ŻʳǣһƯڰյӴǳأԶԶһ֮ǼΪˣƯؼ䣬͸һѹ
֮ܣƯСʯ飬ЩʯСͬճΪģлһȦȦת
ڵʹŻصŻʳǵһº֣ƾǵͼ򣬴ʼ֮أȹ˹Ĵأ
֮ǣãá
˳˵ûǰ磬ҲΪ׳ۣ֮ǵм䣬һ޴ĵһӣ죬ɫԶ֣Ҳĸܵ
桭ૡ
֮⣬ЩתʯһƬܵĽƷߣ򣬷Ļ޷̤˳ǰ벽
ǵŻȨ۷壬ǵ֮ڣ
֮ǵȫ򣬶ȻһĴɵĻʹǻʹɭϣܲһƬ֮ڣһۿȥѹ֮С
ֵĿУ֮ǶĻʹ£һģӰڣӰΪӴ֧һӣֻܿŵ۹ڡ
ӴϣɢһɾĹϢ
һĳǳأûӴʹ޷ɻ֮Ƚϣĳ̶ȣ˵ѹ֣ȴԶԶɻ֮
⣬֮ĻʹڹеʹӣҲȫӵвΪ
վ˺ܾãջĿ⣬̧Ųǰһȥ䲽죬Ӱȴʧˣһ˿㣬Ʈ֮ǡ
֮Ĳ˵粽Уǿߣڴ˵ҲҪüͷòֹ֮ǼȶĹȥ򣬺һ̤˳ǡ
ŻʳǵĽƷߣڵ˿£Ψоˣ
ˣ
ֻˣſУƽһʳ֮һ
ȴһˣǲƷ޷ֹ˿һӰʹɫƽĳŻʳǵĽֵϡ
ʳǾסĵˣʹô˵Ϊ֡
վŴ˵أŮŮ֮ˣȴ֪ΪΣû˸ʱڵĹС
ʦӦ֪ҵĵֲɢʶͿɸ֮ܵƵ϶ˣһ֮ɽɽƣɢһɴϢ
ԸܵϢڴͣ΢΢һЦתϷȥ
ϣɽƼ䣬һ̨Ѷ£̨Իз֣ʹô˵ؿ֮
ϢɢԾһ
̨вٹˣһɫϣһȥǵĿ꣬ɽĴ˵ڵһν˽֪
ǵŵΪһΨһĴޣס֮
ŵԵһÿһ˿ţκһ˶ѰΪϵͻƣֻǺ˿Լ޴ָΪģ׷޵ľŸǿߡ
ˣκʱ򶼻һǵŵڴڣΪ˿壡
⣬һ޴¯¯ʮ˻֮һƬɫĻɳžŸ޴ȼ㣬ֱ̣Ͼ졣
ÿһ¯ԣ׼ŵ֮˽Ϊ֮ĵˣ¯ǰݣ¯Ϊ죬ݵԽ࣬̾ԽŨǾ֧ȼ㣬Ҳȼ꣬ˡ
ʯϣŴɽ̹һȥվɽ¯һ̣мˣ¯Թݶɫǵŵ
ǰ֮¯ڵľ֧ȼ㣬̸һЩΪϸ΢ע⣬Ѳ
¯ĬƬ̣˹ȥ¯ԣȭһݣ
һݣݵĲǴ¯Ҳ֮㣬ʦޣ
ȻѡһȻѡ׷ʦѡеԼôִѾҪһǧ̫̫꣬ãҪطƽȥ
ػţػʦת
Ҳˣף¯һݡһݣ¶еľȴֱȭһݵɲǣ¯ڷ죬ȴǾ֧ȼۿɼٶȷȼ̣ȻŨʮٱǧϣ
ҵı仯֮ǰŵļˣŲһ٣Ȼת¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ʯϣļˣҲȫǽŲһ٣¶֮ɫ
¯̹ԽԽŨ죬̵Ũ̶ȣԶԶ֮ǰ޷Ƚϣөһ㡣
̳𣬼Ϊ磬ʹɽˣɽԼճǵϲλҲȫĿ
̣ͬɽȼһֱܼյľͷһĢ״Ű˷ɢ
һĻʹڣҲһ
ŵ⣬˵صĵˣȫ¶𺳣˵ǣ֮ǣһĻˣȫˣ
˿̣һݣֻһ룬ȫ꣡
ͬʱǵŻʹڣһۣŵ۹ڵӣվһߵĸ¥ڣ˫֣üͷߵĹ̡
£˷ѡҵʮһŮѾȫȥһһڻꡭǻһߣɫڡ
û˵꣬ȴͬԶͻȻֵĹ𾪣
õŵǰ¯ɢ̡һ飬ǡǻüͷڣ仰ͬû˵꣬ʱȫһ˫Ŀ¶쾫⣡
ߣǵʶĺ˼һĻ֮ǰҪȻģǳ˾֣
ȴߵḶ́һ㣬һ޴ĻΣ޷һ֮Ȼ˻ɢӣƿԱһ
һĻ춯أõŻʳڣп֮ˣ׷׷˾
ⳬǵδ뵽ŵǰ¯̣֮˿ȥ㣬Էһݣ
ǵŵǰһûнȥΪŨ򱶵̣޷Լһݣټȥض
֡ҪˡɽֵĶߣһ˲䣬صһϤͣƴŴ⡣
̧߹¯Ḷ֮́Ҳָ


2009 һȲů
ŻʳڣǸ¥еĻӱŵ˫ֺݺݵסɫԶɢȥ̣Ĭá
ߴҴͬȻȴѹסұ¶㡣
Ҹܵ˻ѪϢǻ¶ɱһ²⣬²⣬ʼտеһ̣
ЩѡӣҪڻ֮꣡ӻڡ
ּæڵϣĺ˿Ѿˮʪϲŭ޳ĵ֮ʣ̫Īͱ֮ˡ
ǻӴһ˦ӰʧӰ
֮ϲǵŵǰЩ˺ȻĿ£ŵŵһȥӰȴṳ̂˵ǵǰʧ
֮ʱȻ˴˵ɽһԴĵطԣһ峺СϪϪˮ˳һʯʣڻһЩֵߡ
СϪԣһéݣǰһʯмʯΣһϣһµ꣬ᣬȴ͸ɣƾ¡
֣¶΢Ц
ʯϣһ¯ˮֳֵһ˲䣬ˮˣð
ΪʦΪһˮһƷһƷ衣
ͬ¶΢ЦǰȥΪԷԼԵ˰뱭һ˫ֵݸӡ
΢Цнӹ֡
һԣԼĲ豭ߺһڣ˫ۣоڣںһɢʹӶůġ
ΣӺЦڡ
мҵů˫ۣЦ
Ŵ˻̴ЦǿĵӡŵӹһȲ裬Ҫ֣ӽԺ󣬾ļң
Ϊǲů˸ܵһů
û˿̣ȴû˿ĤǺгʼ֣ԽԽ⡣
Ϊʦ뿪ʱΣΪʦ֪һ죬ʦͽ˻
裬ΪʦͿʼ׼ˡӣޣ
һУΪʦʼչעֻǣΪʦ޷ȥ㣬һΪʦȥǼ𶼻֣ڡ
ţյΨһӣض߳壬ҵһ
ַ²豭Ŀ޶
ӴӦʦ𣬻ػһ
׷Ծ𣬴µһˣãЦվӡ
֣ϢգΪʦҪȥһЩطЩطΪкܴĺôΪʦĵһݰʦ֮񣡡
޿֣ЦһΣʧӰ
֣˵㣡
һݣ̧֮ͷܣĿ¶ӣվеĸӽɢ
ˣһ̾ʯϣĬĬĺŲ衣
׼ڴ˵سסȥ⡭ػһֱɶ޵ĳŵɸоİ
ʱ䣬һζ԰һĵطµĿճ䣬ܵ޵ٻ߳éݣһȥ䣬ƻصӰʧ԰
֮ʱȻ˵ŵǰǵ峿ɽ屻һƬƣŵǰվоˡ
УжŮΪȫǶʮԲ󣬻˵ŵĳƺţӰ¶ɲǣĿ۶
ɫƽĿһɨ˵ΪߵһΪһߣ˺ȻһԾʿĸо
ˣ򿰱
ڿǣҲڿֵֻ֣ĴݱȽϣڿֵһɲǣȴһһ
ǿȥƻһ޴УǵĿɣͬڵĹ֮Ҳǣӡ
ҵȣμ𣡡˳ĬƬ̣һݡ
֣Ϊʦ£Ϊʦ꣬ӽԺǾĺ޺ЦǾ˰֡
лʦ𡣡ƽڡ
΢ЦҪ˵𣬵Ȼüͷһ壬գҲĻ
Ǿˣ˿̲ŸӦյı仯һһ̧ͷ
Ƭ̺ȴճ˴ĲƣⲨƲɢУһƬϹ˸ŨŨȻĻϣɢȴһͺ𴫳һֻ޴ֱȻţһɵĴ󺺣һ
֮һɵĹ֮Ƭ̼䣬ڣ½߳˽֮ˣ
ˣÿһӵвΪ˵ﵽ߲࣬ȫǿȽа˹񡢹ħ
ǳֺվϣڵϥ¡
ӭŻʣͬͺˣڻص
ĳ֣ȴҵķУ߳һˣۣŵ۹ڣɫŭ˫֣һ
󣬻ߣӣں
Ŀһɨ˫΢ɲһˣȻӵвԾϢ
ӭŻʣ£վڵŵǰľˣڿһ˲ɫ¶ǻӳֺ⹧ת˿ȣ˿ϥڵϡ
Ψ֣վƽĿȥ
ǵݼ𡣡ǻ΢΢һЦЦУɫڻ紺һ㣬κ˿᲻ɵòһеĸо
վŻ۵ӣ˵ݣ֮˵ĹݻУ֪ǵ֮ʣ
Ŵˣֲɵɻһ¶ԱȣΪʣ޷ɻʱȽϣӵ˵ĹȴǴµľϣͿԿһ
Ϊֻѡɫ糣ŻĻȨӰˣȴӰ첻֡
˺£ɫ糣ڡ
ǰǵ˵¯̹֮죬µҵһֳǿߣʶǰһ𣬴˿λǿߣŻ΢ЦУһͷ
ǱĵӣҲ˵İ׷Ծ֣ϷϷת֮ʱػҵһƽڣĿǵŻһۡ
֣ҵһĻҲպҪػ֮ˣλУѡһˣΪµĻΪȨ
ɫ糣ȴһһ˵ѡ񣬾Ǵ
ĻȨܹ¡Ϊһ㣡ѹʼһĻӼƶҪѰҵİΪҵսȻǴµһˣܻʼŴĿأһЩҲ֪Ĺ
ֳУȻǻԵһ߿Уһͺȡ
ȻǴĵӣҵˣ棬ˣ˴⣬ǼŻ𣬶ݣ
㣬ݣ˫Ŀ¶⣬ɭ


2010 ʦ縸
˻һ̰еĿⶼϣڵһ˵ȷˣŻ£˴⣬ˣ֮ع
ǻȨ֣򲻾Ȩ
ڹ壬бȲȨصĴˣ
ޣĻ£Ҳɵһ٣˵Ǵ𣬵ϾڵţûгΪǰһҪһŻǰй֮
Ż΢Ц֣ȴЦˣΪȷ¯̾ұ仯֮ˣǷеĲ²⡣
ˣΪ¡
һǣҪۼһˣкβ
ƾʲôԳΪ޵ĵӣ޵ȴܾƾʲôֻӵιϿɵѪ㡭㾹ȻʮΣһΣȻǻѪ
£˽ڣҵһ֪Ϊˣϧ˵ʲôݣΥ
ûȨҵ˵ȻǾӵݣùŵͬ
ضǹϵˣҾͲţŵͬˣŻʼմº͵΢Цģȴµļʣ
ɼʣӵֻûѪʼʹڣֱۿֺ󣬷ֶԷպյİ׷Ծ𣬴µһʱȻȼȴʼѹơ
ɫƽĿǵŻһɨ֮ǰڶȳϵɲǣͻȻ˾⡣
˵ʲôظһ顣ֻڡ
ӵпԾΪˣֵĿһɨУȴɫ䡣
ɫ̲԰ףڹ֮ܣֵĿ̺һѹѹĹ֮޷ܡ
ҪǣĿ⿴УѪĸоƵطϣһɸ߹޷ѪѪ֮𶯡
ˣˣĪǾҪñĵӣôǱϿɵģһδػ֮ˡɫ¶ϲ
ǵŻ΢΢һЦתһۣĿ¶⡣
£ĵӣƽ֮ˣ죡
̵ͷǣȫˮ֪ĺȳ⣬֮ǰĿĿ־塣
ǰɣ֣׹׷Ծ֮޵ʱźΪҵŵУ콾֮
ã
ǿߣµһˣҵˣ´ƣǵŻ΢Ц¶Ǹ˵ӡ
̣ǵŻЦУһ̹
ְڣ
ּѸһ壬Ϊδһػߣݵͬȫ⣬ݣвðߣɱ
ּ߹ǡ
֣ʹ͸㣬ƾʹʱޣ޵ļӣҲԿΪѡһδĻ𣡡ǵŻ΢ЦУ̧һƬϹ˸䣬һöɫû֣ȴ˫ȥá
ֳĬǵŻû˿ͣ΢Ц֣ȴȥ
վһԣͬĬ֪ҪͱҪһУͬģͱҪܻȨ
ʵʱ򣬲Ĵ£ΪǸʱ֣ΪҴӶո߳½׵ĽܹĻȨ
ֻǣֵĳɳͬ޵ϣʼչ۲죬Ҳοֵı仯ģȴЩźΪΪ֣ڹ壬Ҫʱ䣬ͬΪ˻Ȩĵŵˡ
ҵĳŵ££̾ȻŻеĺ壬ֻǲȥ˵̾ϢУǰ˫ֽӹǵŻݸ壬ŶԷȭһݡ
л𡣡ɫû˿仯˺󼸲վԡ
ǵŻЦͷޣͬȭһݡ
ǵиˣռ֣ϲѡΪҵһ֮£ڿ޵ͷŻһ˦ٿһۣתڣеһݺ󣬴ҴҸϡ
ܿ죬ɢָ糣
֮ǵĻʹڣǵŻûվϲ¥ϣ¶΢ЦĴЦ
޵ĵΣӵʮι֮ѪΣӵһλѪ֣޵ǰ㻹Ҫ
ҲǹһΣһֱȥ㲻ޣйŵ𱣻תҪ֪޵ȨҪɱ㣬練ƣ
ŵǰ޸ӵ֣Ĭ
ǵŻ뿪΢΢һЦڡ
ʦӦӵĵһݰʦ񣬵ӿѾ찡ֵЦ޵У޸Ӹӡ
˶磬ڶΪߴڣ壬ǰ׷Ծ𣬴µһˣ壬ȴҪĻȨϣòͷ
£Ϊʦ֮ǰѾϵ˿ȴǸоίˡǰԼΨһĵӡ
ʦö룬޷ȻѡôһЩ黪֮ӿԲȥᡣ
ȻȨϣǵŻҪѹõӹݣô䣬ܳܵסôӹݾǡ
ڶ磬ʦŵػһ¡ӻȥ΢Цƽڡ
޳Ĭ֮˾ϡ
ΪʦΨһĵӣô˵زʺ㣬ôÿǵĳŵʱ뿪
ôѡʲôطޣʦ𣡣
޻ϣ񣬻һů⣬ůǰȲ裬ٴθܵů
˵ͷ
ˣ˵£Ϊʦȥط㱾ԴУĪİ޺Цһ˦ֱ̾գɲʧӰ
һƽ쿤
˿һƬƽԭɽƽԭ紵ʱᷢ಻Ļ֮ö
Ƭԭıһ̶ɢõϢܵĲԭܲЭƲô
˵أһһ֣˽Ʒӡʹ䱣иΪʦΪʦպһ֮Ϊͽ󣬷ִ˵ضкܴİ㣡
̶ڵ¼ΪƾãΪʦ뿼죬˵Ӧǵһս̶ˮ̺һɾ˵ɷɷɱ¾ʹɱ¾Դ׳󣡡
ĵط̺˲ͬıԴмΪʦһһȥв٣֮أΪʦǰѾйЭ飬ǰȥա̶ˮԣ֣Ц
ûи֣ǸʲôĴۣĴ𣬿ͬ£ضС
һҪȥһҹ棬ŵΪ˼ҵĴڣʹ壬ַ
ŵչأй飬Ϊʦ棬ʶȥ˼Ӧһ㡣
˵һξ컯޴Ŀ֣⼸꣬ѾΪһ·


2011 ŵɽ
أɽеľȣƽԭе̶в֪һӴĵصȺ̺Ī컯֮أΪ׼Ϊ֣׼
ɽУ޵Ӱ̶⣬ȺУʦͽ˵Ӱʼմڡ
ƽԭ̶ڣ̺Ũɱ¾Ϣڳһ£
һ̶ֱˮ⣬ΪֻͬʱĬĬؿԼӣ¶΢Ц
ɽ͵ľܵ±ϣһӡǣÿһڣ̺󷨽ƣƾãʹô˹ȣΪ˵һУʢĽ֮ȣ
Ѱ֮ˣڣǰ޽ΪרΪ׼һƱԴĸ֮ء
֮ȣָ¡
ǵŲؿ֮£һΪصĵصȺֻĲʬ壬һķЩȻʹãҲû˼ֵǲ֪һµʱȴǱƼ졣
򷨱Ĵڣʶʹ֮µĳʹô˴ԽԽŨܣ˱ԴϢ
Ⱥڣͬ£䲻УϵĲбԴȥ
ʼ֮أֿʼһĴʼŵʮУط˴ʱ¡
Ǽ֮أûмһĴ𣬵ȴͬʮеļط˽ĸ
ʱһΣ뿪Żʳǣȥһ롣
һ룬ûΣգΪҪģֻȥոıԴ֮ٶȣԼΪ
ȥ̫࣬һжʦޣ
ֿԸܵԼΪ״ӣǷܣû˿ƣԼʱĿڣ̺ůһ
ĸоһܵĲ࣬Խϡ٣Խϧϧʱ⣬ϧ޶ԼʦϧУȴеĿ֡
Ҫʱ⣬һֱȥǵŵǰ̣ǵŻıѹҲԲȥǡ
ʦ˵ҡҪػһֵģһૡ
ض飬ڶжʦ飬һУˣ
룬ʧ
һһ죬˽֮ط˶˵Ӱ޴֣˹ŵɽ
ŵɽΪ֮Ľ磬ŵ֮أ
ɽֱΪʥɽʥأһУȫΪŵ
ŵɽ£Ҳɫ˹ûз˲ƶϣǴ֣緲һ㣬ʥɽµ̨ϡ
̨һ·ͨ죬ԶԶȥƣ価ͷȴԿһģεϣֿ
ǹŵ㣬ҪмǣһҪмӣŵǰΪʦҲҪа֮񡣡ɽ̨ϣǰͷ֣
ʦģסɫأĺůһ·ϣĶܶ࣬ͬһһ㣬Լֶ޵Ǹ꣬𲻴
ŵͬһǰҹػߣûҹ޾УȻ̲ˡ̧ͷŹŵɽɫŷĵ𾴡
ʱҲһЩ伮Ͽйعŵ˵ŵΪȻԽ˴ĲΣΨһһնɱ˶ͬ״֮ˡǿߣӺء̨ףУĿ˹ŵɽ
йعŵΪΪʦҲ²ⲻֻ˼ǰΪʦҵΪ˵ĸоҡͷ̾һ
ŵǰ˴⣬ײټˣֻÿһĹŻʱѡʱŻᱻټˣܸ󡣡ĬĮ̆ϣȴЩ
˷Ҵˣ֪ŵǷҵֻʮιѪ֮¸֪ŵ˵ʮΪѪ֮£ŵӦûһҵĵӡһ·ĬԽǽӽɽĵĲԽŨ֡
ŵټ֣ػһ֮£һ˳ݵõ˹ŵȷڵһУ̳ȻǵмޣҲǰԡ
ǹŵûټް̾ʵ˷Ҳðűŵϲķգûټ£˽Դ
һУΪ˵һͬģҲΪԼĵӣػš
һһػһΪ⣬ֶΨһӣҪھԼŬƽ⡣
ָ޵ıӰⱳӰߴ󣬵ȴָܵ˺еůůһʱ䡣
壬û˿ĹУ֮Ϊʦޣ֮ҪػǵһҲΪʦޡĬĬš
˵ĽŲŵɽļž֮ڣģ̤˴ɽ۷֮ʱֿһ
оŲ㣬ĸ޴ӣ˩֮ӣϻʱз紵ʹζ֮
öڣһʹͷͨڵĹ֮Ҳٵת
վɫв԰ףĲԼڵΪҵѹţΨ֮ûбѹƣɢȻ֮С
ǱѹƵΪ뱾ԴʹֺϿɽЩȴҧͦסվ
ĸ޴ϣϥˣˣӣݣŻɫǷУǵȴʼձ˫Ŀ
ƾ޵ĵҲ޷˫ۡ
ɫ԰ףĿȴһɨɫв죬ȥͬˣû˿֮ڡ
ޣŵ𡣡˫ֱȭǸһݡ
ںͬȭͷȥ
һƬžΨǷ紵֮صֹͣ͸һɹڵıԴΪѹ˸࣬ͷڳ亹
ãǸһţϢڴ򿪣У߳һˣһ꣬ͷͬŻɫۣ߳޹һݡ
Σ޴ȴƬ̡ɫƽ̬ȴŹ
޷žǡ˿⣬΢Цͷ
꿴һۣջĿٴһݣ˺ڣŻպϡ
ʱţת۱죬Уʼվû˿ͣʼվ˵ͬ꣬ͬ꣡
ʼմڣϵ죬񣬺ҪڻΪȫԴ
ƱɢȥԴΪʹֻй֮ʹصһλѪɢȫѪ֮С


2012 ɽ̨һϾȻ
ƽվģȴףǹŵԼĲʶҪԼ档
ףⲻԴȪĵ֣Ϊ뱾Դ
ŵһִͳ֮ˣѪˣĹŻʣĻѪ
ȻѪ֮ˣڻϢ
Ӳʱ䣬󣬻һѹΪ뱾Դ£ҪĨȥ
֮ҲãΪҲգһΪһʧȥˣֻʣ˹֮˫Ŀͨ죬־ΪᶨУʼ
֮ڣϵĳҪȥ俪Ǵ
ҵĲУ˫Ŀһ͵ת̧ҪȥֵֿϾĵӣ
תɲǣٴδ򿪣һ߳
޴𣬹ټ
һ٣Ĭ˺ܾãȻüһתǸڣĿһ֣˺űպϡ
һָ֮ȻҵĺһоůϢӿڣδȥѹΪ̺Կ
һʹֵΪ뱾Դ˻ͣٵ£Ȼתһָ֮֮໥Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãɢȥΪ뱾Դٵתתȫһ˲ϵ޷ٴλζϣ粨һӿС
ڵΪ뱾ԴչһֵĶԿ
һѪһΣŲɽ˵̨ϡ
ɢΪĨԴ֮ȥļ䣬ѪĴС˺󣬴Ϊһػߣɾʹ֮ܣһĮɣĻд䣬ƶ
͵̧ͷ
˫ĿѪ˿ڵΪȻת֮ɲǾʹﵽս۷塣
ҵϣûΪеģǧ꣬ԼƾʲôɢȥֵͺУ֮죬Ϊײ䣬ֿٴѪ󲻶ϵȥһƶ֮һ˳ٸ̨ףʹվŵɽɽ֮ϡ
ҵıԴĳһ㣬ƾʲôɢȥ̧ͷ˫ĿѪ˿࣬ɽĸһ˻
˻У˵ѪһΣУٴ˺һΣ˵ɽŴֻ̨ʮŽף
ҵļ䣬ΪأȱԴأѪиأ͵Ĵ֮ܣأһΪƾʲôҽַǿ֮Ȼըһ㡣
˵ĿѪŲ˺һ˳ʮ˲һ̨ϣֵҽ͵һ̤ڴ֮Уǿͣ
̧ͷУ˫ͨ죬ɫڵ֮ȴڴ˿̣ȫѹû֮ĴڣֵΪȻⱬУͷȻ˰ڰ֮ɫ󣬸һִ֮Ȼû
֮ͬǰڰףɢĹâʹգչֳǿȴ
ŵɽϿյ죬֮û˲䣬ɫ䣡
ŵɽŰپʮŽʯף̤٣㲻֮Įɣɽڴصء
У㣬ϥһȫڵӰǰޡ
ŵǰɫ¶
ӣҲͬǱڵӰУĮ
̨ףҿȥڵǵλѪҲѪѡ
ػһ֮ˡѡǱˡӴ֮󣬲뿪壬Ļһ֡ڵӰ䣬˿С
һɬǺ⣬ȴû뵽ŵ˻ĬУ¶ϣڵӰȭһݡ
ٽף¡ڵӰڡ
޳Ĭ
ŵɽ̨ϣվɽ֪ʦԼ
֣ǿΪ߹ٽףùŵ𿴿޵ĵӣû£޵ɽϴ̺һɷŭ
޵ŭ⻰Ǹ˵˿ȥŵڵӰ
ҴӶҴһҪߣ޻תڵӰһһֵĿڣȻվֱûȥݡ
ڵӰûпڣڣһƬž
֣һУǶϣֶǽǸŮӵ顣
ǲˣڶ磬ֵǶ޵˼
뵽Լ뵽ԼĹȥһĻĻҲ޺ƿԼӰӣƾõУص
վڹŵɽµһ̨ϣ߻صʦĻ˫ĿȻ¶˹ϣŵɽϲǹŵǴӴû˾
֮£ǿ߲ٿߵˡŵΪ֮ߣһˣʶǿҡһ죬ֵǿȡ˹ŵұ죡Ŀһ֮ɢɹâЩâڣʹӰƸߴ
Ȼ̧Ų̨ףһȥ
һ£ĵһη壬ĵһŵڹ壬ĵһѷ죡
Ѿڹ峤лʦĶ˵ŻĹ֮ԣ˲Ӧ˵ػȨΡ
㻹ȥ壬ȴһ޷ĥѷ죬˺֮£ѷʦ޵ʦУϡ

ᣬȴڴʱ˿̣ڵŻʳǵһУ׵ɢ
Żʳǣǻʹ֮ڣŻƫУ˫ĿأǰǰߣһĹ
£ҵǲлŮӣȴһɹЩѡŮӣ޷˻ںϣּų⣬𲻵˻á
ȴһŮӣڻɹ˵ߣ͸˷ܣܽ꣬˿̳ɹȴģضʹͣ
ɹ֮ˣԺδʲô֡ǵŻɫƽȴڴǲ˹ʦĻл꣬ΪУͳһŻʣ
ʼһΪ£Уһæڡ
빬ҪԼŮּѸ£ºҪз䣡ȢΪޣΪҵһʺ󣡡ǵŻЦ˫Ŀ¶쾫⡣


2013 ˭
ձ̲һ¥ɽţֻɽϵңȴģĺܣ˿֣Ҫȥϸţȴģˡ
Ǹ¥еһ䣬һŮӣŮӺ죬죬´գڿʲô
˭ң˭
һƬãأǻ찵ģѪȵϢһսһһŮշмۣɫţɫ԰ףʱͷȥһĿ¶аʿ׷
ΣĹͷ˴ϣһϤӡ
˭˭ң˭
ĵطѰĶһϥڶУʿᵤؼ֮ʱ
Ůվڶ⣬ܺµĿȴ¶ᶨǰʿչͨƿ󷨣Ҫ
Ůҧϵر仯ֱֿһ˿Ҳ˳һУȴֿһůڡ
ңȥɱˣ
һ仰ƴ͸˲񷣬Ӵһ֮顭
˭˭ң˭
Ǳ̲һ£һϤ͸İţŮĬĬڸ¥ڣ٣˵أҪˡ
ֻǣ߳˸¥Ҫһ֮ʱһӳ֣ϵΪߵǰ
͵΢Ц
֪˭˭Լ˭
һů⣬һƬľɽУмľݣ͸ܰŮӷ٣ߵӣ仳Ŀ¶顣
ƺֻܿ֡ǣ˭˭ҡ˭
ҪһЩʲôȴôҲ벻л˯ȥ˺ܾúܾá
ģ䣬Ļѷ죬ıһƬɫĻ£ӱһŮˣУ˾˻Ǻ̺ʹ̺࣬һŵ
ҲҪ
ŻʳǣʹһΪݻĹڣĴϣһŮӣŮûо׵òȴͿɫ԰ף˫ĿУëһجΣҪ
۽ǣ֪ʱˮ˳£Ⱦʪ˽׵ͷ
Уصһ˺ѷΰĺǶ˵ķأһ⣡
ʹŮӵᣬˡ
ֻǣ벻Ů˭Ǹ˺ӣ˭Ҫȥ𣬿ȴԼ֪˭ˡ
УǸӣƾõУһ߹ľԣŹľĿ棬ӣۡ
ڹľϵˮᡭһֳ嶯Ҫ˫ۣȥһӵΪȥ۽ǵᡣ
УһжˣŮɢȥһУģ
˫ۡ
ˡһ͵ߴ
Ǵ϶˾Ļƣ¶ãϡ䣬һƻڣֻȴѾģˡ
תͷѭһŻۣһͷӣӾ꣬ȴΪӢһɸ߹ʣ΢ЦĿ
㡭˭ҡ˭ŮĿеãŨԺһʹĻ䣬һεȥҵԼ
ǵŻһϵĴڣңķ㣬£ʼһ޵Ļʺ󣡡΢ЦУ˵仰䣬һɻߵϢϱ¶
ŮԺ̸ֳ֣һӰӰ˻𣬷ʹ
Ӱһ໶
ӰĶ˵˴ȥɱ˵Ļ
ӰģҪǰصģصˡֻǣܣȴǸ룬صֱ˴ɢ
еľʹٴ٣Ůӱ˫ۣʹУ˹ȥ
ңʲôԭ򣡡ǻɫڡ
£Ρʺڻ֮꣬ѾںµĲл꽻ʶļҵһĻ
޷ʺֻһʱգͿָļʼմȥҲǺ£¿Ϊʺһݼ䣬ռԺΪļ䡣
Դ˻ʺϣȥò˼꣬ͿԽ˻곹ڻ㣬Ǹʱ򣬼ǲл壬Ҳ޷ڴ˻ꡣǻһƬŤ䣬һߣߵϥڵϣڡ
ȥɡǻ˵
æǣһ˿ɢ˷ڣֻʣŻŮӴڡ
ŻŮӵԱߣŴŮ˫Ŀ¶֮â
ʦ˵ǲл޳Ϊͳһ֮ŻʡʦܹŽ仯ھôŮΪ󣬱ǶԴŮõʹˡ
У̧ǻԵŮһ΢Ц
ŮܲҲһζڵĲл֪꣬ʦӺδ¹ʦڲ̸лǰҲһˡҲԼ£˵ҲΪʹ࡭
ϧԶҲ֪Ůӣ޵Сл֪Ůǰ˭ۿһۣ˼
Էȥܲһ֪ܷϳءǻЦݸࡣ
޺ڴûһġǻҡͷŮ׵֣һŮһٺۡ
ŮһڻУҲܵʹŵ۽ǣˮ¡
ǻĺڲ֮ʱ뱣ִ֮޵ͽɸˣ²֮ҪúƷһ£ǲлǻ΢Цվӣһ˦߳ⷿ䡣
ŮˮµͬʱԶڹŵɽµ̧֣ͷɽ˫Ŀ¶⡣
ŵȻϿɣͬûϿɹ壬壬Ψһصģޣ
ûޣ־
ٽסǴڰ׹âɶâ£̧ŲȻһȥ
һһ̨ףʮ
Ųµɲǣվ˵ʮŸ̨ףһɰɽȻѹ£ֵϣһ٣Ʊɽѹϡ
Уͨɽ̨ףŤͬһ
һǴ֮â磬ǵһ㣬ǷɫУٴ˽ŲǰһԾȥ
ʮסʮ߽סʮŽסʮסֶߺϣѹȻ̤ǾʮŽ֮ϣҽ̧ŵһٽףݺݵ̤£
Ųһ䣬غŵɽƻζǿѹ֮ȻٽϺ𶯣Ѫ
ѹԴɽǹŵ


2014 ǧѷ꣡
ʯ̨ŰپʮŽףÿһ٣ΪΪ֮һɣеĴУδ˿ڱ־£̤ٽס
֮ˣΪһ壬ΪٵĴڵٽʧܣһ󣬱뿪
㡭ñ𿴿϶ٽףĮɣֽŲһٽ׵ɲǣڻص
ĳ֣ȴֵǰͨɽ̨ϣƻ̨ףȻ¶壬Ȼһͷͨڣûؼ䣬˻Уһɿ磬ֱֶ
棬һɶ籩ҪֵֹĽŲһٴ̨ϣɲǼ䣬ٽ
˫Ŀһ˿̾ɫ԰ףȴû˿̧ͷУȻ̧һץУǴʱСһЩڰ׹âֵϣγ˹һĻ
ȴֵ֣ΪףƱΪڣٵ˲䣬һ䰴ȥһ
֮ɲǾصһ𣬷һĲҽУӴͷ̱Ǳۿɼٶȫת£̳׵߽⣬һƬɻңɢС
ͬʱͨɽ̨ףŤָ糣֮ǰһĻֵֻĻþѡ
һѪڱһ̣ͬɢȥƾʧܿ죬ں£ٴγµֱۣ
ҽţȴУ屻ɽǴ£ҽ̧ǵھʮŴ̨¡
һ£ͱʾ̤ǵһٽף
ҽۿҪµһ˲ַһ˻崫죬ȴƾӲĳɴҽ͵ĸı䷽̧Ȼ̤ȥ
ȴǵھʮŽףǵһٽף
ܵԼڣ̤һ̨׺Ϊǹ֮һ˿ںϵļһһ
ĬУ̧Ųٴȥٲ죬һֻʮ̨ףÿһνŲ£ŵɽ
һٽԴɽԹŵѹһѹ£ֵ޷ܣߵ˵һʮ̨ʱȻòͣ
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ҴģΪ壬һҪߣ޳Ĭ
߲ٽףޣӣ°ɡڣǿӵӰ˱Ļ
û˵̨ϵ֣ͺǴ֮ۿɼٶȻ
£͵̧ͷһȥվ˵һʮ̨ϡ
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ŲµɲǣɽǸڣڵӰһס
ޣ˫ĿһϵһΣ¶΢Ц
ȼմ̤֮ϵڶٽ׵Ҳһַֻǣһٽף߹ģӰڡ
ŵɽ̨ϣֽŲڶ̨׵һɲǣɽĸ޴ϣϥĸУǱߣȻʼձŵ˫ۣĿлâһһΣʧӰ
֮ʱȴ̨Уʱһ˦̧˿飬һƤߣʱһֵָȥ
һָ£һ䣬һ˲ƿһ޴Ŀʹôزŵɽ𶯡
˫Ŀͫȥһָȴ𣡣
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ǱָУ壬Ҳ޷ܣض
Σ֮ʱǴӵһʮֱ̨ڶ̨׵ĹУڵд֮кȻ
ָΪתԴ¶УоʮŵӰû⣬̧ٵһָȻһȭȥ
һȭУֵ˵Ӱ񡢹ħû£һȭӰϿգǳһɫĹӰӰģȴɢǹ֮ƣͬγһȭ
ֵϣڴ˿ɢ˴ĺ͸ɱ¾񣬸ڣγɱ¾һȭŶȥ
֮ŵɽϳصض𣬴˷
ǻָһΣվȴһδֻǴĿһۺתɽȥʧֵĿʱȴǸܵıϣϥ£ٴα˫ۡ
ѪӰɢͬɢĽɫӰҲ֮ɢȥ٣ȴվڶ̨ϣ
վȵɲǣԵĸܵڹ֮Ϊһķʽ޷ںϣںϣŵɽѹ£ǿһ
ҲãԾҲգ̤ϱĹŵɽΨдſɣ̤ڶ̨ϣȻ߱˳Ĵ֮ȥñ𿴿ܲϵ̨סĮֵĴϢУص
ŵҵĵӣ޵ĵͺ𣬴ɽȻͬʱһɽڼٶԣޡ
ҴҪߣŵһΪһδǹκθ˵ĵʧ£޴δκԹԣһΪҹ壡
գ޿ŵҪҵĵӣ̧ͷɽһһֿڣ͸һɾġ
ɽĬ֮Įһ˿͡
ޣ㵱ոճΪʱΪӣ汾סŵɽҪػһ볣ʶܾ
ػһµһ飬һο󣬱ӦʣҲһΡ
ɫ¶ӣǹŵɽһݣҪ֡
ʦ𡭡ӻԣվֱ塣
㡭¶ǡ
ʦŵɽ̨׵ѹǵõ֮أҪȥĿ¶ᶨһݺȻתǵڶһ̨ף
Ųµɲǣ̴ܵ죬˫ĿȴǼΪ
ڹ֮ѪڣΪԴڣ֣ȴʼ޷ڶ磬ͼںϣȴʧܣ롭ֻڷɢ
£ȴûбõĵط԰ںɹţŵĵһˣѹɹںõİ
ִҪ̤ʯ̨ģǰٽУܵһɿԼɹ֮ںϵ˵ǧѷһΣ


2015 ࣨ1
ɫ¶ĹϣĿһûٳڣǿ֣ǵڶһ̨ס
ǹŵɽϴѹһ̨̤ϵɲǣٴκȻγһ޷ݵѹϡ
ٽǰѹ֮༫֮ǰֻӿŭˣʹþһȼ˴֮󣬷ҧ߹ôȻŭ˵ӿŭ֮ϡ
һɫΪ԰ףӲУǲϵѪ巢ܵĸ֮֨ƹͷڱѹѪڱ˺ѣԪ飬ҪĨ
ͬǺˮеһҶۣ󺣵һ
ûȥĪΣɲ룬ԸʷǧѷĻԵɹںʧܺ󣬻һλᣡ
һôɹںɥʧǻһǿߵģҲӴ֮ӰԹŵӰǿ޷ֿĴڣη壬η峤ȥֵĵһּ˺
ŵ𡭡̨ףһҪ߹ɫŤʹ࣬Ҫ˻𣬵ȴѹסҪڣ˵ڶ
ڶɲǣԺ䣬ΪңȴĸܵıԴΪ֮ǹ֮һ̣ѹǿеĲϵںϡ
ںУȴо˵ų⴫ִ˿̳Թŵɽѹضûа취ȥֹų⣬ʹɹںϣٴʧܡ
񣬲ȥѹƣԹŵɽѹеѹƵá
У˵Ĳ岽
Ӿܲǲߴڣһɾ˵ļͣɼ֧ͣļκʱ̧ͷȥ
߲ڰ˲̤ǵڶ˴̨ϣ沿ĸ֮֨һƬƹͷĦһ
˫Ŀڣɻ¶Ŀ⣬ܵԼڵɹ֮ѹзɿںϣϡ䣬һЩͬ
Ϊ⣬ԴΪڣںϣһ֮СȻ̧Ų̤˵ھŲʮ̤ǵڶһʮ̨֮ϣ
ŲµɲǣڵıԴ֮ǹ֮ⲻϵںϣԽӾҵѹ£ںϳһ˿
ںϳһ˿ɹŵĽڣҲǹԼ
ֵһ˲䣬գͻȻһĻ𾪣ǸеӰҲ͵˫Ŀ쾰
գ˲Ϣ䣬ӱ̲֮Ȼ˽ɫǽɫգ͸޾âְ˷֮£⼱ٵɢת֮䣬Բʮڵգ׵ĳΪ˽ɫ
ɫգԶҲԿĶǣ
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һĻĳ֣͵̧ͷ˫ĿͫףȻҲյĽâ
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࣬Ϊ浮ʱоΪţΪɣ˹浮ʱδֹãã֮С
ȴǳŵɽϣǽڵأɢһ˵Ĺ죬ʹ˲䣬һƬƽ
ֶһУûпԺΨһߵ̨ϣУԼɹںϣ
ǽڵسֵɲǣֵҽ̧˵ڶһʮһ̨ϣԹŵɽѹʹֵ壬Ƴȴԥģٴ
ʮһʮʮʮĲֱʮŲ
ÿһ£ֶӲΪУԪ꣬ѹ²޷ܡ
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Ȼϧȥɱ¾ԼǿںϣֻҪԪ겻ںϣԽжΣ
ֻǣѹ£ںϣǧΣŲϵҲڲΪԪ꣬ҲѹУ
вѹȴʹɹںϵ֮ǲϵںУַһ˻̧ŲȻ̤˵ڶٶʮ̨ϣ
֮ĻأһֵĽµһ˲ʮΣʮκٴ۳ʱ̨̤ϣվ壡
վȵ˲䣬ڵأһƬƽУͻȻһտʼ̫ܿͻɫգɫĴ֮䣬Խӵ
ϸȥǷģȴǴ˵ظ޷磬ûз磬ȴзʻһƲ
ֻǣһɲǣɫһ䣡
ɽܵĸϣϥĸˣͬʱ˫̧ۣͷʱŲɫ˱仯
ǸУ֮ǰڽڵسʱ˫۵ӰĬƬ̣
ĵһ
ֵڣںϳɹֶ֮һ˿һ˿ûתǳɹŲϵںϣ׳š
ȴǿԸ̺ܵ͸ȴԳԽɹŵĴڣ
ںϵʧܺź
Ƿػڸ̣˵ֻǷڵĻ壬һӵһ
ĬУƣ˽ŲǿңԶĹŵɽҧȥڶٶʮ̨ϣÿֵ߳嶼ܲס˿ֻۣԪ꣬Ȼ޷ȥ
ƾͿҪļޡ
һһһ̤Ƕʮ̨׵˲䣬һѪѪ̨ϣĿġ
ֻǣѪµһɲǣؼ䣬ǲУֶ˵ڶ
׵ص˷Ƶͺ𣬸̺һ˵⣬ڲϵ춯£һ
Ƿںϣڵؼ䣬ڶ
浮֮ʱо棬ȫ֣һ󣬿ɻ֡ԹŴţ½ͬʱ˾ʱļ̳ߣ֣֡ԼĵӣȻЩ͸ˡ
ϣڶ磬Ŀ
ֻһţ½ϡô㱣һֵ飬š


2016 ࣨ2
࣬һΪ
ڶΪ
ǵΪƵѣ
ⷲƵѣǽɫУسֵһưУƶ𣬴񣬿˷Ҫ˯ȥһ
̤˵ڶʮ̨׵һ̣УĵԴڷУ紩͸ʱƵıСףɢ
Ƿںϣγؼ䣬Ϊ֮ʱһ㣬ںһ
˳ԣ޳УĬĬر˫ۡ
ǸܵĸϣĸˣͬĬĬ֣ɫ¶׷䣬ڸеӰʱһ̾Ϣ
վڵڶʮ̨ϣһҲ硢סγɵ֣ӴУʹԪ꣬Ʊůƣ̤һƣУ漣Ļָ
ڣɹںϺһЩȴûת
ãĿйâһ£̧˽Ųǰȥһ£ֵɫһƬƽ
˫ĿѪ˿侲У߳һ
Ϊ⣬ڵΪ·ΪģΪ࣬Ƶ飬֣ʹĽŲȵ̨ϣߵ˵ڶʮ̨ס
Ųµһ˲ǽڵؼ䣬ƵУ̶һڣڣΪɳɳ֮ˮӾ£˵ϡ
֮УƵƣʹ֣ģһ㣬ȷ˲
ʱ˫ۣ֣ĺһΪݣ̫𾪺Ȼɫ仯ȴ֮˲
ŵ𡭡㲻ϿĴڣ񣬲֪뷨Ρ˵ҵĵӣӵлѪ֣ǷϿɣĴڣ޵Ŀ⣬Խ̨ߵ֣ǹŵɽĸϣĬĬĵ
㣬ĬɣеӰ֮ǰһ̾Ϣ󣬾ͱ˫ۣƳУסݣ׷䡣
ǵڶʮ̨ͣ٣󣬳꣬ٴȥ
ǵڶʮ̨ףյ챾˿̣ȴһأһ㣬ϴǲƵѡ֣һ
ӳֵһ˲ŵɽѹںϳĲɹ֮ǳŲУתļ
ֻתٶȺ֪Ҫõʱ䣬һѭûнǾ֮£ů֮ڡ
УԹһλѪҲڻļѪҲ֮ǰ޿ŵ֣ѪѣȴܾԴȪ
ĬĬǰţ߹һ̨ףĽŲ̤˵ڶʮ̨׵ɲǣбԴȻڻˣ
һ˲ֵڣû˱Դ˫ۣȴ¶ɫĹâǹ£۾Ϊɫ
û˿УǱ䣬ͫ׵ĺڣҲΪɫɫ˫Ŀֵһ̣ϣɢһ˵ȥϢϢǵڶ磬޸ܵģֿϢ
Ϣ֮¶ӡ
УĿΪ֮תеڶҲΪĿ
ϣĸˣһһջؿյĿ⣬ٴϣǿֵĿе˫¶ãã͸˿նƱȡһ
ƶɫ˫Ŀ
ǸڵӰڳĬú󣬴һڻصĻ
࡭ϣ࡭ɣ̨ףҿΪ㻽ѻѪټ㡭
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վǵڶʮ̨ϣĮûκλӦ̧Ųٴȥվǵڶٰʮ̨׵һɲڵĹ֮ʱڻ
ڻ֮⣬ֶһΪ֣֮ɫĴأ˲
֪λȴĴӴϴְˣƴߵ
֮ڣƴǷ֮ںϣһ
࡭Ҳ˵࡭ֳĬУܵڵıԴΪǹ֮ڻʧڣȴʧȥεں
ԸӦģһɹںϺ󣬳ֵµתֻɻҪʮʱ䣬תһѭ
ĬĬ̧ŲǹԹŵɽѹ˵ڶٰʮһ̨ףһǰվǵڶپʮ̨׵һ̣ԵĸоڵתٶȣԿһЩ
ͬʱҲܵɢıԴ֮ڵļԪ֮ڡ
ǴԪеģǱԴڵģǹ֮ںϣûںϣȴ֮ǰ״̬˾޴Ĳࡣ
̤ڶپʮ̨׵һ˲УȻһΨֿţԼ壬
ÿһ̧ͷÿһλӶֱۣÿһ̧˫ţÿһκÿһƤϺë׵У
Щϸ΢˿ȴ֮ںϣֵ⣬һƿ
⣬ǵôƬ̺͵̧ͷ˫¶֮âǹŵɽĸ
˵ĳ̨߲ô̧Ųһȥ䣬ʮ̨ףһվǵ̨֮ϡ
վһɲǣȴɽĸϣ˫۵ãնһƬȡƻָһ㣬ĿкһͬʱȻһΣڰжӰصȻһ˺󲽣ֱֵһ
˲ٽһȭ
һȭ̺һɻɫ¶һ޴ͷ­֮Ӱһɷ񣬷ֱ٣
֮˲̴ִͬ˿γɵĵڰ

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ںϣ֮ľ󣬱˰֮
ͬʱУеĹ֮Ȼɢ˲ֵѪ֮ڣͬʱԪڵıԴ֮Ҳ֮ڸ֮С
ɢ֮󣬵һΣֵΪģ໥ȫںһ𣬻һӴɹں֮ڣ޷ٶȣ֮ǰҪʮ귽ɵѭУӿɲתһѭ
ɲɡڹŵѭ󣬻ֵһͺ



2017Իʹ룡
ûо춯֮ȴڴ˲䣬Ȼϣɢһɲŵɽѹ
ѹһи֮ˣɫ䣬Ϊ֮𾪣
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飬ĺ壬˺Ȼ
ֵĺŵɽҵ䣬ƴɽҪһǰصһȭȭͷγɵĻͷ­⣬˴̶ĲҽС
ͷ­类ɨۿɼٶȣȻɢ޵ͬʱصӰγɵһȭǹѣȻ
УӰƱ̵ڰ»˶˺һѪžգ¶޷֮ɫ
Ѫ޷ֹͣٴκˣһ֮ǧ֮Զ
ŵɽ£ǹŵɽУڴʱһֻɫĴֻûڸϣӭ˲ͻңͬһɫָɽֺѹ
ָɽֺ̺Ƿɷǹŵתһѭγɵѹؼ䣬ŵɽУչײ
֮䣬Ǻɫָɽҵ£䣬ʧУ֮һںһ֮ںз룬ǱԴ֮صԭλãһɹں֮ʼתڶѭֻٶʮ꣬תһѭ
ں󣬿һĻ
ǸڣڳĬ˰󣬴Į
ɣΪ㻽ѻѪ
ɫ԰ףվǵ̨ϣûпڣ̧Ųǰֻһһ£̤һ̨Уµ˲䣬ǵλѪȻڻʧֵڣ壬ںϡ
ѾҪŵ֣ѾǻѪںڣڵѪУҲ¶
վֳĬУǹŵɽȭһݡ
лŵȫֲ³ç֮ˣŵ֮Ĳܴ󣬼ǹŵ̨뿪֮ֻǰԹŵĮĵףݱ
ңɹںϣҲȷǰǹŵѹͣżȻ֮£ҲǹŵĬ֮⡣
ΣףŵΪ½һǿһݡ
ģ˵̤ٽף뿪ȹˣǱɽȥɣãǸڲŴ˹ŵĮ
⻰ǰǶʱ䣬ŵڳ˼һ
ûٿڣתɽȥߵʱ޵⣬ĲȻǹŵʳԣ޻֡
ʦ𡭡޵ľٶʹУѷ죬ů
߰ɡĿһۣ˶֮ǰ𶯣һ˦ֻһ磬ֱնȥ
ֱʧصľͷǹŵɽϣ˵ĻˣŻصϣӵһԶĿ´
ãǸУһ̾Ϣ
ڵӰվӣ֣ߵ˴ڵԱߣգĿңңȥķС
޴֣պص˵һڵĵŻʳǣǵŵɽľУõľס
ڹŵϵһĻĻû׷ʣҲûнͣƴ²һ¹ȥأɢһ
һ£չأľдйŵɽ;ȥ˺ܶطյıԴܶ࣬ıԴ֮Ҳ˲٣Ϊо
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ѰΩֻ֪һͿɹ˲ںϣݵı֮
ǹѹԿȹŵɽ
䱾ԴΪ֮Ķںϣʱãǿֱһ죬ȫںһ𣬲ֻܶںʱӵУǹŵһ
ڣںϺһɹ֮ڻתܾãһѭӡ
һգִ˫ۣĿһ̧УһԲͲƬ̺Ȼ򿪣ԲͲвһЩҺ壬ɢľԴ֮
ȡһΣڣһҺʱɢͬʱڵľԴۿɼٶȷ
󣬵ٴһʱľԴȻĳ̶ȿٵƽ
ֹС£ԲͲڵҺ壬֮ϥ̳ص֮Ӱȴһվǰ
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һΣڷֻĵӰһţĵӰˮԴ⣬ȻһֵľԴ
ĸм䣬ǽɫĹţǽԴû۳
˫ۣǽɫĹţɫ¶Ƭ̺¶ϣ̧䣬ǳһɫƬ
ƬɼƬǵĳϣֻ֮֮ǰҲȴûںϣ˿ȡ޵ָյ౾ԴнԴ֮ҪǹᴩһȥյĴԲ
һԴҲ۳ͬʱҲ֤ǰǲãϵķƲ⡣
ɣΪӣƲΪ棡ֲԥſ³һŽɫǽɫɼƬ󣬽ƬǽԴĹŰһ
ʱţתһ¡
޻صŻʳǣѾȥµʱ䡣ЩʱڣʼľУûһΣľ۲֪꣬۱ԴûΣպתȥ
һ峿յһأƿ˺ɫĸů԰һɽʱһöӵŵķٷľ⻷ȦľĲݵϣˡ
Ƭ̺һһľУľɫƽϥ֣˫ָס
ʶһɨһöڻﲻ࣬ͳһ롣
Żʮպչ䡭ɫ糣ʶջأǵŻʹȥμ䡣
ܱȻǻʦϿɣ䣬ӦԵһҪˡĿ¶
Żѡ꣬ѡһλΪʺ󡭡ȥǲȥںǽԴѾ˹ؼ֮ʱȥμʲô䡣


2018 һָ
еֱ㲻ٿǴ£Ͼ˵Żʲô䣬ΪҪ
ԴӦþ⼸۳ʱȫΪΪһ󣬾Ϳ֤֮ǰĲ²㣬Ƿɹ¶֮⣬ЩģΪɻǿսٺڣʧܡ
һʧܣ־ͲòҷԴ۳ķʽҪٺĵĵ֮Դ
ֻ֮ԴģһƬȫƾŻԵ򣬻ãҲҪǧ֮ҲȻûͷ
飬ֳĿǰƯǱɫĹţ¶ڴ
֮̾һĿǽջأѾ˼ޣΪܷߣ֮д𰸡
˫Ŀ΢΢أֳ꣬һ˦ľݵĵϣâ˸һ󷨣󷨻תȴû˿Ϣ⿴Ҳûаâɢ
һ̤ڣӰʧС
·ĵصףľԼɵһ޴Ķ֮䣬ⶴֵʱ䲻ѡľڱչصĵ죬̳
ⶴ֮кڰâ֣ǹâģȻƯһ޴ĺڰ֮
ֻȴֵĴ֮
֮£ȻһʮɴСû˫˫һѷͷ­ͷ­֮ͷ
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ϸȥҲѲɴ˵ؽƵǷɷǹŵں֮һ˿˵ؽںϣž߱ǿ
ֵӰͷ­ԱߣŴͷ­ɫƽ˵ٳΪĴ֮ķԼ֮ȫڻͷ­ͻʵ
ͷ­ǰϥ£ſ³һֱͷ­Уʹͷ­ȻһɢĽ⣬ֻɢУ̱ϵĴ֮գ˺ڰ׶â
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֮ϥ˫̧ۣһץ֮£̾һƬ֮ɫɢǹâУֻһ֮壬˫ĿץУɫƽ˫ȴͫء
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ѹǿڵɹ֮ѾҪˣϾɻʣһдáĿ¶һǰԼĴ֮
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ǻɢ
ֶͷ˿ڳһЩˮ˫Ŀɢ¶Ц
ɹŶںϣɢ֮Ϊ޷̫ãһеֵֿɻһۣڵ֮űһ˿ȴ
̾һһɻ걻ã̾˿
ҪΪٸһЩںʱãӳʱſ˻ϵӶҵĴ֮ڡ
Ҵ죬ɻ⣬ѰʦһЩأ򲻵ѣϰԵĲκ֪
ɻ꣬һӣȴһöûǼƶ̺˹һָ֮
֮ǰõҲоȴ޷һĤڣֻܽΪһԵͨʹá
ڻǵλѪһЩļ䣬ЩӣܸǵĴڣȴ޷ȻǻѪԵʡ
ȥһģӰӰζƴһͬģڣζط飬ʧˡ
ܼ򵥵ãģѸ
֮ǰΣ˿̿ȥʱˣȴûа٣Ǳ˫ۣĬú͵ȴ˫ڣٴγ⣡
ռ˫ȫ͸Į飬ĿٴοеĿµɲǣ̳ģӰ
ֻģӰֵһ˲Ժڣȫں˻Ѫ󣬶ǲ޷ȴԸܵļƬôƬȻһչֵԺС
һŻɫӣһͷգȻǵŻʳڵĵҲǹ棡
ֱƯϣ̧ͷ죬ɫ¶벻мƹ°ĿգһȺɫСХ֮һڵȻһȺޡ
Ⱥ˵ͷ­ȴʨӵ壬ȴֻ֫֫βɻΪβһ㡣
жУ˴̶˻ǰһֻǿ׳Ĵޣɢһɽӽ𣬵ԲһЩǿϢ
ǻӣ￴ȥ̧ǰһָȥ
һָ£𶯼䣬ȴȺڵطԲʮƱѳ͵һѹ
صǱأѹУеޣȻ顣
žһе򣬳ѷ죬ֳ룬£һ˲ĩ
ѹĿɫɢȥ˫ڣȴо
һһָ֮


2019 ţ
һָʩչĲͨǹͨأ˵ٿصҲȺޣȺڵء
˺ƬأһָΪѹʹ̮ѹȺޣֻǸѡ̧𣬿Լָǰĵ
ָƶȴǼΪǰһεıϣֹǰȥһ
죬ջָûȥԣǵͷ
ӴϿԿ֮ǿȻһľ硭ԺƬڣҲģһ¡
̧ͷһ۵ĩ˫Ŀ
ڣವӵԪɱ¾ãʱһֱĬĬȻ۵Ĳ࣬ٿٳһˡ
һ֮³־ʮŵӰ֪еΡչ۵Уʱţȥ졣
ɻʷ䣬ֻʣʱ䡣
ŻʳǣһƬϲ󣬴СϣԻʹ֮˲õļΪҹ֮ʱŻʳǼҹͨһƬɢ֮⣬ԶҲԿ
ǵŻʳǵĻҲȾʣһѤͬʱҲ͸˷ϲ֮⡣
һη䣬ŻΪӣһ壬ԴΪ⣬ϾǵŻʺĲ⣬еһˣ׷ڴУĿ˻ʳǵķǿԼ֮Ӹظ׼ۿһһĴ䣡
Լһʼһʹߣ⼸½ź񣬲һεʢ䡣
ʼһ׼ĺ񼫶࣬ΪӼƶƶͬʹѡ£ˣҲûʲôˡ
ǻʺΣʼһĺ֧ʶһΣҲɳʹߣһݺ
˶˵Żʳǣʹûʳһʱ֮伫Ϊ֣УһǼǿ˷֮ʱ˿֮¡
ĵŻʳǣǻʹ˵ɭϣǿۣеһǿߣ١
ǷɢӵлѪĸҲӸ٣ʹõŻʳǣ˴䣬ַǷ
£Ϊ£֮һȨϵĴأ˵˽Ծ֪һǹŵɽϣҲͳһʹõŻʱڣ˹˽ۡ
ļ죬ʵ̫࣬ʶһı˾ʮСڵŻʳǵľ޴ƽ̨ǵŵճΪչ
һƽ̨ϣǱǿ߿ٵĲóһס֮˶֮ˡ
һУֳУû˿ᡣֻҹŻʳƻͨ䣬ƴֵǾʮŴƽ̨ϣҲ׷ˡ
ô٣ʹһУڵȴڼ䣬в٣˴˽׸֮ͬʱҲ˺֮ܶء
ŻʹڣͬһƬϲƣߵĸ¥Ż˫֣ǰһƬʵأ¶΢Ц
պҪڵĵط춼Ӱ㣬ΪģŻ𻺻ڡ
۲ŴԣһգԴԸҵԸ׷£ڱ󣬿һĵ¥У˵Ż⣬˵ϥڵϣ˿뿪ڣɫ¶ȡ
׼ˣǵŻ΢΢һЦ
ʼšŵʹŶѾźãλʹҲдԹŵɽʹߴˣҲĽ䰲˻ʳСһ̿ڡ
ˣǿߣ½Ƿɢܾʮ̨֮ڣ࣬ȴɡڶæ˵
Ĳãһֱȫ̸𣬿ȷĽ·ġ
ػ棬һֱ߾ˣڴ֮ʱܵ˿⣡
ʦڴ֮գԲμӡ
κ糣ղڻ䣬ÿһζʹѣûʲô
ûд֪֮Ƿμӡ
һһڣ˵֮ͷȴǰһϵĴڷԸ
չ񣬴佫ٰʮ죬˵һ⣬ʱ޾Ͳˣʱڣ˿⣬ȵǻƿڣ̹ǡ
ǴʼҵһŻʣڴǰһҹһηҵ˻иʹߣһʺ󡭡
£ǰŵˡ
Ѿȫȥһˣڡ
ãǻ¶΢Цһ˿ڴһ˦ʧ¥С
ȢΪ󣬸ݣõʹˣʦڴܳĽ
ʱ˿̣ͬʹУһľĹڣһŷ۵ŮӣŮûо׵òȴһ˵ʣǰľӣžڵԼĿ¶ã
ʲôҲ벻еһУѺ󶼱ģˡǲŮʲôӣǲӵòֻǵ仰Ůӱ˫ۣԺڻصҪգز
ߣҴȥɱˣ
ҲҪˣ
еŮӵŵ˫ۣ˳۽ˮˮ˹գϣȾʪһƬ
Ϊʲôᡭ˭ң˭ôôŮ˫ۣĿеãࡣ
һУֲ֪ҲܲΪͨ죬ȴɿŮӵᣬܲŮӵϢ
ǵۣҲͬ޷Ůӣ˭ΪŮӵĲлϣһһУΪŮںϺŨ
֪ʼҪҵĻ꣬Լôô
ŮӣҲ֪ͬãе֣ԼģģˣҲͬһƬ£ͬ
ھǰһ峿ִǵص׵˫ۣĿɻڣ˵
ֻǣɻģȴڣ֪Ϊγֵһ˿¶¶ͻȻɻ
ĬƬ̣һ߳ص׵ĶľСǽĹţΣʼۡ
ԤϵʱҪһЩϥ£ǽɫѹĵһ˿¶ֱɽ֮ʱ̧ͷſǰһ̣ǽɫںƿš
ϦУվ΢Ц֡
Ѿչ£ղԲμӣɽյһҹΪʦȥһ˰ɡ
֪Ըϧ֣ȥͣǡ
ԥһ£ʵڲԸȥʲô񣬵ȻʦҪˣֵͷǡ
Ѵ͸ǵΪʦĺ񡣡޺ЦУһץһУݸ֡
ֽӹûȥޱȭһݣӻһڰԶ֮ŵŻʹķȥ
񣬱ȥԴڼûʲôҪˡִ⣬ֻǣͷ˲䣬ģٴһ˿¶
üͷһ壬һԶĻʹ


2020 ҹ
һ壬Żʶڷǰһҹһͨҹ磬ҹϦʱʼ峿֮ʱҹ֮μʢĵ
ڴҹϣŻ֮٣˵Ǳ֮ʺ󣬵һֳϳǰ
ҹ˵ף󣬻ʺȥǵŻһֱͬҹչ䡣
ⳡҹĵطǻʹӴĹ㳡㳡Ϧ£ʹӰ˴ɰԶԶһ֮£ǧ֮ࡣ
ЩΣʹһݡ
ʹϣ˿̸С͵ƽ̨Ưÿһƽ̨ϣͬŽٰд֮ˡ
ʱĵʹصһǹ죬ȴǻʹģȻһԼɴСľ޹ģ˹Ĳ֪ƤƳɣɢɣͬʱһɷ
ǹϣƯžŸˣÿһӵвΪÿһεĹͬʱ֣Ͼ֮۳һ޴黯ƣĻǾ޹
صɢʹûɢȥ粨һɢ֮ǣǳǧ޴ƽ̨
ʹô˵йˣȫš
֮ÿһ̣һΣãڽҪ֮ʱһ̹ȥµĹٴλ֮С
䣬ʹ½˴ӵ֮£һۿЩˣȴһǿߣ˵ǿˣȴʿ㲻
ǹУЩ֮˷׷׸ѡ˰º˴˺Ц̸һʱ֮䣬㳡͸һֵӡ
ϣǵУһХЩ֮еˣеһҲ֮ˣٺеѡ˹㳡еƯյƽ̨еİϡ
֮ˣԽԽ࣬ǹص֮ʱϦµգǧƷָ֧֮еͬʱǧ绯ǧˣһһ
ͬʱǧȫºԶؼ䣬Ȼһ˵Ŀļ⣬˲Ϣһ˸ɫ׵ĵˣ
һˣŻʹһݺ·ڿǰİϣһһѡɫƽϥ
һ˽
һֽʥɷ𽫣һ˽֣Ӧ½٣
һ˽˵ÿ˶ɱ¾֮ɷʶԷΪ
ۣǺڸǣȴڸǲסһĿɨһɨĿĽҲ۲졣
һ˳ֺԶʹĴأʮХÿһڣһˣ˿ֱʹ㳡
һǿѹȻ٣ֻʹͬʱʮ٣Ů٣ȴ⣬ӵħʥһϢٿǵ˫Ŀüģжʮǣ
ʮʥΪһºպսʮʥ
˵һʮʥʮˣ಻٣ʮ֮ңѾػ£
䣬֮ڴ˾ҵĴǵڰ
ڴ˹䣬𶯣еͬʱϦУȴʮѪɫȻ٣һʱ֮䣬նȾ˳죬ʹϦʧڸ
ʮȣ
һ弫ʢʮȣǵŻһԴΪʮǿߣ
˵ͬʿֻŻһ£ͿԱ
ʲôʮȣʮɷ
ǳ֮âڣ߳ʮ󺺣ͨòֺһݣڹ㳡ʮʥǰ
ɻصʮ֮ͻȻ˾ҵĺѹǹѹ˴˵ؽ˵֮˵עȴĻУͻȻʮ˵޴ѷ죬Ȼ˺˺һѷģƾճֵʮ˫ںצ
һ˻죬Ŀ뿴Ļɲǣȴʮ˵ѷڣȻʮںɫ֮
ʮˣùϢ֮
ʮ˫ɫͫף͸޾ʹʮɫΪǳֺջһ޴С
ʮ
ûҵʮʮ֣Ȼʮ٣
Ż֮£ͬǻʮλ֮˵ÿһ˶ӵǿʮˣƽʱûؾʮ
Ȼ֮ʮ֮ʱԶϣʹһ·̵ĵطվĿңңȥ
ʮʱ֮תƻһ籩ֹʶĿۡ
ʮ֪į꣬ǷҲʮ֮һҹУԿ°ͣһû̫ͣãֱչ£ʶûҳʱȥѰįˡ
£ȴʼռ
߻ǵڰֲ죬ԶʹȥֻԽٽƾճֵļ֮оԽǿҡ
״̬ΣʹȻһ˵ĸоֵΪȻйĴϣǰһЩӦ
ֻô˼Ҳ벻ʹҹϣ׻ᷢʲô顣
üͷǰУǵŻʹĵǰ㳡ϣջʮ½ϸһԿǵͷȻվһˣ
һʮˣòԲͬȴۣ֮ϣʮһΣͬʱ˹㳡Ͼİһһ
µͬʱʮһ˻Ļѷʧ֮ѷҲɢȥϣʹϦɣָ糣
˿̣ھص֮䣬֮ǰİںϣһĺ¡֮ԽʿǹҲ²ܴˣģ˵ˣֻŴȴûаӰ졣
ŽŲھ£ʹϿգĿһɨ䣬ͻȻ̧ͷգ˫Ŀͫһ
ȴŵâȻٶ£Ǻâһۿȥͬһ޴ӣ֧ز̮һ㣬ڽУвɫĲɢ˲䣬ŵâ£˾Ÿźɫ׵ľ޺
ˣɢŨɷܣԩƣûȥǱ˴˿һۺʮǰؾŴϡ
ǵǰĸ
𽫣
Ӧþǵһ壬Ŵ𽫣
Ÿ崳ʮԾһˣԴﵽʮĲһĲջĿ⣬Ųǰȥ̤Ǻĵھǰȥ
ĳ֣˴˵£˵Ŀ⣡


2021 ĺȻף
һȻϰĳµһδĿۣɫ糣һƮݣһͷ׷ƽǰ̤նȥ
ˡ˭
ǰǸڵھʱ֣Īӵݣ
˺İ
ͳ΢ڱĿУ߹ǧ߹һ˽ʮʥʮȡ
ĽŲϵĿԽԽ࣬۵ԽԽ
Ҫʲôط
ǰǰĸλãΪ˴ʦ׼λãΪ˵λ񻹴ڵԤ
ǰİһǰں߹ʮϿ֮ʱʮλү׷ȥɫУʮ˾վֱȭһݡ
һ֮£ʱ㳡ٴ֮˷Ȼ֮ǰʮǾŸ𽫡
ֽŲͣ٣ĿԼһݵɨ΢ЦͷǾŸƵľŲ֮С
Ǿа˳ĬΨǿ崳ʮĲԾ֮ˣںڵ˫ĿһһͬʱȻҪվҪִֹϿշɹ
Ҫ˲䣬˫ĿһĿкâɱһһɾ˵ѹȻɢɲʧ
ֻһ˲ѹɢȴҪվ֮ˣȫһ̲Ӿ޷վ¶־壬һϡ
˿亹˲ڳֵһĿ⣬ȥһɱ¾ڣɱǧΣþУϵһ㣡
ָоһδйһĿڣĹͷѪ⣬ȡһ˿Ҫ
µɲǣ£ս㳡״һǰ֮أתһеƽֿ̨һ۹㳡ǧ֮ˣִһ˦ƽ
һ㳡һˡ
˭˵Ŵλϣ⡭⡭
ղŴɢѹΪǿ󣬾Ȼк඼Ϊ֮ͣٵĴ˹֮ɲ⣬ǵ֮
˵ŴһӣĪǾ޴ĵӣᡭ
Ȼ
׷Ծ𣡣û뵽ˣ޴ĵӣ
ʲôǰ׷Ծǰ׷Ծ֮ô˵Ǵµһˣдţ˵½ʮ
ϳֵݵģƶһ㣬ԹĻ֮ˣһĻһЩйֵ飬֪壬ȴɫΪӣֵĿ⣬żɵ
ʵϣҲǶһ֪Ҫ֪޴ȥʼ뼫֮أʶЩһ֮ˣ⣬Ҳн˻۲ʵͷ
ЩֵĿУһĿżȣĿƯһƽ̨ƶӵڡ
ƶִӳֱ֣Ŀ۷׷ףƽӣغһ
常֪֮常֮ģ常ҡƶսȭͷ
ûϵĿ⣬˫ۣģȴǴ˿ĸ꣬ħƲסĸо
ָоǴʹ֣Ǵ֮ǰļתɲǣȻִһ
˵ѹƣȴӰֵˣǲ𽫵־ɢѹ¶һ˿Ϊ
ûʸڷŵһ˲䣬־Ҫɱ¾˵˶ɱķͷ
ʲôԭΪŻʹˡֱ˫ۣΪתʹƽȴǸΪ
ԾŻʹĪչʲô󷨽ƣԲſԽӰ죬ܣȴûκνƵӡ˫ۣĬ
ĸоǴļתǰҾָоڽУԽǿˡ
ָоʲô˵ΪҪĴ·ƴ£غҵһ㡭ΣҲδǿҵĸоüͷ΢ɲ
˵ŻʹܾĿһ˲䣬ǻصĵھɢˡ
Źɢ㳡⣬ϵƽ̨Ȼ˶ֹ֪ۣͣĿȫǹ㳡
٣һ̶дһɾ˵Ĵ͸صܵͬʱպϵĴţ¡¡ƿ
ƿеĿȫǴͷһž޴ϵһӡ
ӴŻۣŵ۹ڣɫŭһϢϣǵŻ𣡣
ҵȣμ𣡡㳡ϣƽ̨ϣʮڵˣ˿վӣеĵŻһݣ
зǵ˿Բ򣬵ֻҪǵˣȫϥڵϣֳĬվǵŻһݣȴû
ɫ糣ַɱ¾ĸоȴ糱ˮһԺЩ޷ѹˡ
ָоŻ֮ʱΪң
λƽ޴ϲ֮գΪҵž延죬дҹ磬λͬǵŻ΢΢һЦĿȴһɨ˲ϲɫȴ糣ֺЦͷһӡ
֮ҵһ壬޺ܸˣ޲˵ȾٱҵһǵŻ̧һӰûһƱ
ͬʱ㳡ƽ̨ϵˣ֮׷𰸼ϵľƱŹ֮⣬
ֳĬУ̾һͬƱһƺ󣬾ͳʦ뿪д˿̵ķ꣬ɫ˲԰ס
Ż΢Цһں󣬹㳡ƽ̨ϵˣ빧أٱ£ûкȣֻԴһͬ˾ƱҪ֮ʱ
ҵһϲӣ޻Ҫһ飬»λҲжţ޴ӣ׷Ծ֣Ӵ֮Ϊҵһػߣ
֣ǰ⣡ǵŻ΢Цڡ
ĬĬ߳⣬ȭٴһݡ
򣿡Żɫһûпڣֻƽ֡
ã㳡ˣҲ׷׿쳣Ŀϡ
ڶĿУһԼƶӣѹеļȴģŵһ죡
ĳʦϺ񣬻Ҫ£ʹ뿪Ȼûģ˿ķ꣬ĿǻһۣԼҲ֪ΪΣٴοˣȴһ˵ɱ뷴У
һ˦޸ĽóǰһӡŻǰֵһӰסĵݸŻ
֣޷ΪҵһػߣҪ£Ǳȥˣմ䣬ϣǵŻĿһۣ΢Цڣƶ֮ǰ⣬ٲȥ֡
ʺ󣡡Żƿڡ
з࣬תҪȥͻȻһһ˵ĸоеķ꣬һɲʧӰ
һ㶣ĺȻףһŷ۵ŮӣӵǵŻ


2022 һŭ1
ŮӴŷۣǷɫޣϣһɸ߹ʣͷòһţɼüһŻ
ʵϲŮڸյһ߶໥ײ
˿㳡ϣƽ̨ϣҹˣĿŮӵϣŮò־׵ȴһ˵ĸоڣͣȥ鶼
ŮϵʣչȵİٺϣĬĬţֻǸ߿еڰƼ䴩ķżȻɹʱͷһԿɲǵ뷼
վŮӳֵһ˲䣬ķ˲Ϣʧƴδֹһ
¡һϳ˴Ůǵڸոʱʼһĺʯ⣬ŮһĻ
ŻĿ¶ͣķŮӣ΢Цһ˦ڡ
ʺ޵ߣҵһϲ£ҲĴӡ
ǷŮӽһ٣ĬᲽ˹ȥڹŵڵϣ̧ͷ֮⡣
üͷ˫ã˵ĸоһЩ
̧ͷһɲǣȿľǴڣ֣
˲䣬˵Ŀ⣬Уһ
ĿĽԺ˺̫ͻȻͬʱը죬ȫͬʱԪ궼ֲǰŮӣвȱٵһ֣
ɫһ䣬ŮӣŮӸĸоΪϤϤȴǱһƬ֮У벻ϤԴ
ٻ÷㡭Ůӵ˫ۣԺиֳһףȴ޷׼ȷҳϤԴ
ֺ񶼲ǡϸȥʱȴַ֣ŮӼΪİ·룬мزࡣ
֣һ߰ȴ߱ϵֶ߻ص
޵ĻʺעôŻ֣Ŀһ˿⣬ǻ𣬵ʺ߳˶ĿһգΨ֣˷ĿȥͶֲ˿üͷĮ
ֳĬǵŻĻУѹ¶ӣûǵŻ𣬶ǷŮӡ
ҪŮϣҵϤĸԴֻſţȴǰ̾һĿ¶ꡣ
Ůӣʶ
ϤĸԴҲҵˣŮӵʣʣĽ񣬺ơ
ֻƣҵĴˡΪŮĽֿһ۾Ϳ˿ƾȥҲֻϤѣȴҲĽϢİ㲨
ڱУĲлʧ١ҲˡŮӣǣֻ䣬֮ˡֱ˫ۣסĿеı
Ůɫ΢죬¶ŭ⣬ƶעӣǲϲֻԼҲ˵ƶǰˣһϤĸоָоһ֣̾͹ɢƲڡ
㻰ǵŻ̧͵һη֣һ죬Ƿȴû˿𻵡
ֻڣȴһɲǣȻʮɱϵͬʱɼУֵܣʮ˿һӰֻ֣ҪŻһ£Ǿͻһ
ڴ˿̣Ĺ㳡ϣƽ̨ϣˣһҲ쳣׷ɫŹ֣ĿǴеɨֿŭķŮӡ
Ůĳһλˡ˫ۣŮĿе⣬Ĳ֪ΪΣ˴ʹʧ䣬ѾȷˣŮӣҪҵˡ
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ʺʶҵһδػôŻƿڡ
ǷŮӵͷҡס
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˼Īл꣬йϵɣŻΪϲɫȴɴ׽΢Ц
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ǱŮӿȻĴʹһ£ɫ԰ףҲãֻãܿɢȥ»⡣
㡭ã¶ɬȻȾƣԼһΣַʹ밧֪ŵõһУǴ
ȴǹֵ˼ǧһĻĻıŨˡ
ĵĺ˼ûȥŮӣûȥǵŻ𣬵Ҳûȥǻصİϣ㶵棬ãһץǾƺߺݺݵĺһڡ
ֻǣǾƾȴ
ֺٿ˿̣žƣ۽ȴˮˮУһһںžƣҲڣܿ࣬ɬİһζ
ǷŮӣص˹ŵߣƽ£ʼյͷԲǵŻ΢Ц࣬Ŀʱϣеϲһ
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յһĴͳǷŮӴ˿ȥŻȴûôʼԼߣҪȥֵɫˣҵС
һʱ֮䣬ŻĿʹⳡҹ磬ﵽ˸߳Уף֮ﲻһֵӡ
֮ⷱУΨĬĬһһںžƣеİˣȴ޷žƶȥ
ʺЩߣޣȥ乲һΡǵŻ΢Цڡ


2023 һŭ2
ǷŮ̾һʵڲϲֵĳ棬ֵĿ⣬Щ̫Ӧͬʱдʹ֮⣬ԼҲֲ壬⵽ô¡
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ŮһӰûĵݳƱƯŮһͬ߳˴Уְǰ
ͷ̶̵ʱڣѾ߰˺ƣ̧ͷվǰŮӣֵǰģ
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ᵯôֿɬ˵˵֮ҡͷԳƺŮеľƱһ󣬺һȻתһֱնȥ
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Ļ꣬ںηУӰԶȥŮӵĶߣȴ
УĲֹд˵ع㳡ϣƽ̨ϵһ֣ǵеĵŻǵ΢ЦŨžƱһڡ
ûпҲûп˵ص˶ûпһĻǷŮȻһ¶ãܿ죬ɢ飬˿ն
תնŮӣ߻˴ֵķٴ財
Ը߸ǿգֻĵӰ
ԻȾ񷣬ֻΪ˸㲻ٱĿɡ
׺磬ֻΪҵ
߹߹һ磬ֻΪѰĺ
ħɱ߱ɣ߸أɪ¶ıӰվǰֻΪƽ˫ۡ
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ĬĬȥУˮ䣬֪ȥ˺δݶϡܴԻʹķֻ֣֣ȴǲԸҲȥֻһ˾һ˵ĵطĬԼļ䡣
ص˵ŵصԼľݣľУֹţȥǵص׶еĴ֮Ŵʵأãá
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ҼǵһػߣȴҲĻꡭ¶ʹ࣬һֱԸȥ˼⣬һֻΪԼƭԼԼΨӵҵϣ
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ڵʱ緽ŻʹҲûвǺʯʱҾӦзŵĸܣԸܵϤŶԣ
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͵վӣӲеĹâɣľȫ֣ͷ޷ԶһصҪƲסһ㣡
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˫һ̧䣬һץгһöɫ
ɢİ֮âƿ֮һ۾ͻȥ޷԰һ㣬Ǵŵ棬λΪȺһУȡԣɫԭ£ԼһҪһֵǰĵһ콾
򣬿԰һδı仯ֵԺУֳʱǻصĻ
˼͵һ򣬿૴˼쿪֣鿪ȻֵڻһɫСˣ֣ͷŴΣ
ͷһɲǣԺ˶磬һֻӨ֣УȡĽĲл꣡
һڣһȫֵ߲ģӰָһӣڣǱĿĽл꣡
ģӰǰһ𾪵Ļӣһ
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ǹڣǻŮӵգʹǻеŮӣʹˮ
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ǵҪɱ㣡͵˫ۣĿͨ죬ͷľһ˺Ѿ죬Ȩ˻𣡣
̺һɷ̺һɲϧأϧϧһеľȻŭ
֣ӳʱ񱩵һڵ֮𣡣
֣һŭ


2024 һŭ3
ֵ˻𣬴ܣСŻʳǣⷶΧڣ֮ˣһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ĵŻʳУв˶ȥ˻ʹҹ磬иˣûʸҹ磬գڻʳڹ䡣
ʶ˿̵֮ڣ˵࣬ƻֻͨصһɶеӣ֮˷ϲ£Ѱޱһ㣬һ˻УһǵҪɱ㣡ľУָȻ
һ٣ϲɢȡ֮ģһļžΨǵƻ֮ͨ⣬ƣȴ͸֮⣡
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ǵǵⲻǵŻô
ˡŻʳڣڳ˿ԣݵļž󣬵˻ֵķΧУ˺Ȼľ֮
ǵŵڣϥ¾ŴǿߣǺͬʱ˫ۣ¶֮⣬͵վӣ뿴ŵɽ֮ڣ
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ǺУϥŵḻ̌ɻңǰľΣľľݣһɲǣȻ߽⣬Ű˷£ǲƵɢγһɳɢиǾض𣬻һ޴ķ籩
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ǰбԴƵŽԴ֮⣬˿ֵŭ̱ȻУڽԴȻ۳
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ɫâǱĿ˿͵˫Ŀڣͬ¶˷
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һ۾Ϳķ棬Ǿķ籩صѷ죬ǿǷ籩ڵͷɢɢɷ֣
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籩ڵ˫Ŀ⣬Ŵٴκݺһץ䣬̵һźڰ֮âɲǶֱֶ˲Ϣںһͷ­Ҳһⱻִһ˦봢ռС
һУ͵ת˫ĿĶŵŻʳǵķ
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Ӱһ٣͵̧ͷ˫ĿͨУ͸˷ɱ
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Ϣŭҵȷ֮ҪһеٺᡣǾΪߵߣֵĿд˼ɵӲͷƤȭڡ
ʦ𡭡Ĵʹһ£֪ػǵһŻҲǵָģԼ
ҹ˫¶ϣҪֹ֮ǰȥɱǵŻһͲʦ̫
ִ˿̣Ψһѡһ·
УǾɫһ˲Ȼһִ֮֮ڹŵɽʱҪһ˿ûɲǣǾŸֹ֮ˣ˫Ŀͫ
𣡣
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Ǵ𣡣ھ޷У̧ǰȻһӣһ֮£غ䣬ŵ󣬺Ȼһɿ֮ʹǾŭۣȫѪûɱǣǽŲһһ쳤磬˲Ϣŵɽͣ
ճɱʹ


2025 һŭ4
һ復Ưڰյ֮У󲿷ֵĵطַǷޱߣǵƻͨ£ʢһ
ŵ飬һ˻Żʳ֮ǵŵɽ͵⣬ʶûдԶĵط
Ҳûע⵽Żǰһ죬ҹᷢһԵһԹϣ츲صһ£
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ȴϣһһĳ磬ҪصԶһԶȥǺĴزճ˲㲨ƣͬˮһ㼲ζҪշֳ룡
һ޷ݵɷɷϮˣȫӲУ˫Ŀ¶־֮ɫ
ԤеˣŻʳڣ·Ҫһ£
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ٽһɲǣȴǰУӰ˿һûγٴ׵ĵŻʹ
ţǴϣһ㣬һ̳Уȴˣǵϵĸλ˸Զǧγһ㣬ֵȥ·ֹ
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޷ǵŻ𻺻ڣžƱߺһڡ
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Ƿ֮ٴʹ𣬹֮ʣҲ½ٳ
ֻ洫ĺԽٽģ˵˼žӣû˲ǵŻ¾Ʊ֣һ
üͷԶ
ڣŻڡ
仰˵ɲǣȴһ˽ȫŵŻϥء
ȥɱ˵֮ˣȡͷ
һ˽뿪ڣͳһУһ˺¡ڸ̺һɱ
һ˵磬һ˽Ȼֱʹȥ
ͻʺȥϢһ˽ɳ֮ʱŻ𻺻ڣµߣͳ˿Ӱһݡ
³Ĭվӣµ˫Ŀã࣬ңңĿһۻʹ⴫ĵطٴλص֮ǰһ䡰
ȥŻüͷһ壬Ŀһۡ
ƺܺ£һͷӰҪȥһ˲䣬ͻȻһΪģƾڶһ㣬㳡⣬
ǺŻ̿ȥɫȴȻ䣡
ֻһ˽ӰأѪպȻѪĽУȴһûеһڵ棬Ż£ѪУһ㳡ļ
֣Ҫ߱ʣ


2026 һŭ5
һ㳡ƽ̨ϵˣɫ䣬Ǹոջȥ֣ڲ֮ɱ߱Ż
һ߽ʬ壬Ѫ⣬ȴ޲֤ˣԵ٣
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һѪȵķӹ㳡ⴵѪϢһĹ㳡ǹ㳡ϴ˿ˣȫӡʧĵطɫٴС
Żɫ԰ףսȭͷĶ¶ŭ⣡
һԣͬһĿãͬʱģһɼҪһ㡣
߷ȥӰ˿Ҳ˵ŻͫпǸӡʧλá
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2027 һŭ6
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2028 һŭ7
Żʹһ·ǴǧΧУʦ޵̾ϢеǰϢԶŻʳ֮⣬һͺͺɽ֮ڣȴǱһ
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2029 һŭ8
˳ֵɲǣǽǧˣһ˫ۣ¶֮⣬ǵŻҲһ㶣ɫΪ
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2030 һŭ9
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㣿Ҫ޵ˣ޳˴Ůǧ˹ɣǾ͸ҲɡŻһЦ
һ˫ۣڵɱȻȻ޷ƣνĽƣлѪԸܵԼһЩʱ䣬ƿ˽
֮ѹƣ޵ĶɱŻ޲ػģǵһһԻȨΪء
ҿ֮ȡ޵Ĳлꡭ˫ۣڵɱһѹ˫ۣȴǳѪ˿˻ƿڡ
Ŷ˵˵ҪʲôȡǵŻһЦ˵
ŵŻߵ£̧һץһ꣬У˻˫Ŀգȴнɢֻǽⲵӣ˻ɫʼʹࡣ
ɻʵĻ꣬ôֵĿ⣬ǵŻ
Żɫٱ䣬ֱĶǻ꣬˫¶޷֮ɫ
ɻʣ⡭ⲻܣ㡭㾹ȻĻ꣡ǵŻְѴ˻óһ˲䣬˵غȻп˻ĵˣһɫ䣡
Զˣ׷ˣв˼ɻʵգ˿һۿȥ֪١
ǵŻ֮˫ۣȻ
ޣҲڿ˻һ˲䣬¶𾪡
һɻ֮꣬ǵŻֵĿ⣬¶ļɵôҲ޷󣬶Էõɻ֮꣬Ҫ֪ɻʣǾŴ֮һ
ֳĬ̧һӣȻǺڰ׶ɫĴ֮ڽ¶һһͷ­һû˫ûľ޴ͷ­
ͷ­ֵ˲䣬һɾ̺ɢнһŰ˷ɢ
ͷ­ô˫ĿѪ˿࣬Ϊ˻ơ
ǡŻһ㶣ͷ­оЩ죬ȴһʱ벻
⡭֮ͷ⡭֮ͷǵŻĸףӾҵĲһδӴڷɳڰĶͷ­¶δйļ
ʲô֮ͷǵŻһɫȻ䡣
޵ͷ­˲һƬհס
ˣ˵ˣǵŻ֮ľһĿۣͷ­ĳ֣֮ǰɻ֮꣬ǺȻ𾪣һǿҵ
ɡͷ­
桭ˣôأǷڡ
־ͷ­º䶯ʹһԸٶȣ䶯壬Զˣ˿һزͷ­޷š
֮꣬ôŴǴĵŻ˻ƿڡ
ˣˣشֵģǵŻĸף͵תӡ
ǵҵһ֮ڵˣԻȡɻ֮Ϊ䶯ͷ­Ϊ𺳣ҵһлͳһ尡ſŮӣ߼
Żɫ¶ɡ
ɿƣȴʱǻ߽һ
ĴУ޲ģɱ˴ˣһҵһǵŻɱһ
㡭ǻҪŭ⣬ȴһ٣Ȼת֣˫Ŀ˸һ¡
ǣˣеһŭ춯أô˵֮һ𣬸вٱһŭĿѪɫȻ¶֡
ǵŻҲɫ̲԰ףһѪɫ͵̧ͷĶޡ
ޣң㲻¹ŵŭô
ǵɢƷΧͷ­ɻ֮ߣϷԵûзӣϷƴŹŵ𷣣ҲҪɱ㣡޵ĺʹǽĻǲ԰׵գв̡
ףΪԼôӲԼΪѣԼʧһ̡
ĵӣԺˣĵΪԼһ㣬ôޣܴ꣬˿̣ȴͬΪӣȥɱ𣬳ΪУһɱ˻Ĵ
ĺ֪жأĿẉ̂ȴǻ˳ȥ
ɱңޣǵһĴɱң㲻ԼҪŵػವԵһôɱңǵһˣǹˣˣҲҪǵŻ˻ɫ
һ˫ۣĿеİã
ػһġҾһӡҽӶ屾ӵϵĵλȴѰҡֻһӣ˫Ŀ͵¶һеĹϡ
ʦ𡭡˾ϵһɲǣڣޣ¶΢Ц֪л󣬵һ΢Ц
ֻ΢Ц޿ĿУȴģΪʹЦĿޡ
ʦһػһӣֵľޣĹ˵ϣޣĿһͷ
һ˵죬أֻĸֻ˾ͽ񣬿ֹµˣֶһ
㡭Ŀ˱


2031 һŭ10
ʦ𡭡һҲɻԥʦ½ڡ
Ŀеı֡
ʦɽ̾վӣһɨȥ˻ҳͬʱҲɨȥĵɨȥ֮ǰһ̡
Ϊ˲ʦԹ򣬿ͳɱɱŻ𣬿ôУֻڴлʦı֮䣬ҵһƽ㣬ֻһ뷨öԼõˣʹ࣬˺ʦ
뷨ȥֻһһʵʵ롣
һһΣȻ޿̣ȻˣǾ̣
ڴ˵֮˵Ŀ£ЦЦЦţĿ£ˮɬǧļ벻ֶڶִ
ЦԽԽ󣬽һ
Ц޵ĶУ޵ĺƱһ˫ץסĴؿȡʹһ˲䣬ȱʲôɫ԰ף֣ΪϵͬʱĿеĲɣŨ
޵һɱ¾Į̬֮ˣ󶼽թաĪɷǲɣɢֻأ˾ͽ䲻ˮ֪ȥ򣬵жߣ÷³
ضΪǶ˵ٶϧ
飬Ϊ˵ִšˮЦ
ɱֵЦͬǵŻУЦΪ̶ͬʱһ˼һָ֣˻
Ȩ֮ϵĹ壬ⱻռݵĻʹŻĻһӦִУȴǳ˴ǰǽǧĿ¶ɱֱֶȥ⣬ܵˣǱ¸ˣȴ˳Ĭ
ǿһеḶ́һ޵ıִֵ밧һĻĻ̧Ųһ
ǻȨĵѡѡУ˶ɣȻôǧˣ׹ĻȨͷԣͺȺڻֱ֡
ʦ𣡣͵ת֮ˣޣĿ¶˾Ȼ֮⡣
õӣƺһʦжΪΨһΣʦ֮Ӵ֮һκι
Ӵ֮֮£ʦ𡭡޹ȫ֮£֣һ˳еȻ̧ǧٵɲǣ޴һ˦Ҫǰһ˲䡣
Ŀ⣬ޣԼ飬ݺݵһ£һ޵ʦͽ֮飬һֵ޷͵ľȻ
ʱ䣬һ˲бĻֵ֣ԼһɲǣͷѣԻٵ壬ݻͷ­ͬʱҲĴݻһС
Уƿ˶磬޵һγֵĻ棬ƻصǼ磬һĻĻ¡
еĻ棬˲䶨֮ǰŭŵɽ͵һĻֹͣˡ
ڴ˵˵޷УֵȻѪɢˣԻʹ֮ǰٵһɲǡ
ǳΪѪĿտУѪᡣ
ˣǵŻһ㶣˫ĿһЩҪȥˣҲ׷һ٣ɲĿȥ
һ˲䣬ͻȻ˹һĻȴԪ񱬿ѪɲйȻۣ۵ٶȣֻת֮£ȫһγһӰ»֣
һѪɫΪ԰ף˵Ϊ֮ڽգʹһΣ
ѾһΣ
¸޵ĵӣһûаϵٿκ˵ĸܣȥһδε̣ҪȴԼȥ
ǵ췢һ˻˻͸˷ŭһδ̺ȫ˿̣һ֮
һ̣ɱû˿ѹƵĺȻɱ£ɫ䣬ط谵ͬӻȪ߳ɷŷ񣬴ɱ¾˻Уǰһȥ
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ߣһǳ˫Ŀͨ죬ǰȻ̧һȭ䣬𶯣ǰʮˣһȫȻһĲҽУĵˣȴһ˫ۣٴγ
̤ŽµѪǰһȥ죬ÿһʮ֮࣬һȥ֮Ѫɺӣɱ¾޾
һХȻȴʮɷʮ磬ܼٶ֣ͬʮ˲Ϣʮٵɲǣֿһ̧ۣɫ˿ָ⣬һȦȻɢ
Ǽ
ЩȦ˲Ϣʮٵĳ죬ҽлУʮȻ˻򣬾ա
һץԲһʮеһ߳Ҫ͵Ϯһ㣬еһģȴץƣɫ䣬ҪˣȴǼٶһץϣݺݵһ󣬴ǰһڣʹУͷ­ֱӱ
վɱȺڣŴƽûȥֹŻȨȻʧ
ǸıӰǰֳӸղԻٵһĻſţ޵Уˮ¡
֪֮ҪԻһΣΪͷɱ¾ٱ׼Ϊ˲ԼҪնԼʦͽ֮飬õնϷʽĪڡΪ
ķҪһ壬ǹŵ𣬽ջʹһУһ˳е
ԼΪһˣΪһɱ˻Ĵ𡭡
ֱʱɻΪԼǣĵӣ޵ģΡ
ҶĶʵϱ࡭ɱ¾ıӰĵˣһΣû˶˵ѹ
һͺȫɷȻɢһâȥֱǰ俪һѪ·ͬʱһָա
ȴʹɲǼƳΪһƬڵĴ󺣣Ǵ󺣵ľͷһֳȻ̧ͷҹʹֺԥʩչ
ǳ𣬹âɣ૵صУһҵļг죬һѪ֪١
ֱõĺҹɢһƬУʹǰǧʿ˴룬֮˱ɨɢֵӰվǴǰŵڣ˽ȥǷɷ룬ڸĻ


2032 һŭ11
⣬ͨ˵Ѫ·ϣʬǧ˵֮˿ǴڵĿ⣬˿־塣
̤һɲǣŻɫ԰ףʶĺ˼˫Ķ֡
֣Ůɱޣйŵػ¼䣬˭Ҳɱҹ𣡣
ûȥǵŻҲûȥǻߣͬĻߣ£оϤŮӣĿеķͣ׷ѰǧϢ˹ȥ
ʱȴǰʱһ֮ӰЩӰ˿ֱֶ֮
޶ãĿֻл£Уǰ̳죬žֵģһ߾ƾձƳӰЩӰһ֣һһѪȫѷ죬Ȼ߽⡣
ת֮£ֵǰӰʮ֮࣬ȴûһˣԴ׷ͬʱ֣վ¶ãߡ
Ů̧ͷ֣ſҪ˵Щʲôȴ˻ֻǿİϤףĿ¶˼ѵ
˭˭˭ô̡÷˭Ůɫ¶ʹ࣬˫ֱͷʹӲ
Ŀ¶̧ۣȻһָʱĲҽУȴһӰû٣ûͱһָ͸ͷǣС
Ҫ¡Ҳ̡֪÷˭֪ĽһѰǧӣֿǰŮӣڡ
Ľ֣Ůһ˲ŮӷʹԺڣ羵֣֣˵һоϤһƺ֣֣
Ľ񡭡Ľ񡭡¡ҡҵ˭ŮԺľʹˮ¡
ǵŻ𣬴˿кݶ֮ɫһҪٶ֮ʱȴǶһֵߡ
һߣ䣬ǵŻҽһѪͷ­УѸ̧ŮüȻһ㣬һ֮£ڵǵںϵĹѪȻɢһ˿˳ֱָŮڣһ˿ѪŮ˲䣬Ůٴβ
ϸ˿֣Ʋһ㣬ŮӵɢĵŻһ
û˿ԥ̧ϸ˿ֱһն
һն֮£ϸ˿ȻΣ
ϸ˿նϵ˲䣬ǵŻһѪɫУ¶Ȼ޷š
ܣӡ˾ͱնϣһΨйŵſԽ⡭Ż˻𣬵ȴҿ֣ǲϵغˡ
ûȥŻ𣬶ʹŮӣĸŮӵ㷢
Ҫ¡Ҵ㣬ȥɱˡڣ˵ǧǰ˵Ļ
⻰˵˲䣬Ů仰һɲǣŮӵĲͻȻֹͣĿеһӾֹĽʱҪ
仰ֻҪҪһҪһǧ֮ʼ
Ժڣ˿̳˺죬һ仰ϵصģļл
Ҳ仰֣ʼմڵʱԺأһֱҪҵ˭ȴôҲ벻ôҲҲ
ֱ֮ǰҹ૵Ů𶯣ǿҵϤȴ޷𣬼ǷŵĽ֣𣬻ǲһЩһ䡰Ҵ㣬ȥɱˡĻŮԺĻһ仰Ȼصһ
ˣеǰ֮˵ħУǶڣվڶڣ԰׵ȴᶨػ
ˣһϥҩ֮ڽᵤ֮еӰ
ˣߣ޷ֹħޣЦУɱһ˲䣬һůߴһĮȴ״ůĻ
Ҫ¡Ҵ㣬ȥɱˣ
ӲˮĿеãɢ˴룬֣ԽԽϤס
֡Ůɳƣƺܾúܾûпһ˵ȴͬ𶯣ǧԺ
ּ쳤Цһ§סŮӣתɫɷףŵĹŻӣֻ丸Ż𾡹ܾţĿǴһ˿򶨡
ֿ˲䣬ŻĿĿеɱһ
ǵŻйŵػɱޣǹŵٴκˣĿһԴ˵ɱȻ죬˿§סĽһΣֱŻȥ
ɲ٣ɱ죬̧һǵŻȥ
ŵ𣬾ңŻ̼
һµ˲䣬һصȴǵŻͻȻϹһһ𿪡
ǵŻϹɲǣЦĿеľɢ֮ɫĿ֡
ǵŻǹϵˣйŵػôɱޣ¼䣬ɱޣŻһ˦ŵһͺ
еˣɱˣΥۣ仰ﴫУ㳡ˣ½ٵʮˣ˿ȫ仰׷ĿǵӰһ㣬Ȼ١
ɱһٴ̧ǵŻһָŻȫϹٴ˸䣬һεֵֿͨ
һŻΪЦͲ㣬֣ȥ
ƾʲôɱң֣һԶϣҵһʮǿ٣ҿô뿪Ҫ˺ŮҲ֮ᣡǵŻЦ
ɱôͷ޷Զ֮Ȼûɢɺڰ׹âͬʱڵĻѪתӿȫ˲䣬ȻУзʻȻǲ
䣬
綯׶Ƶѣ
ˮ֣Уصڵ˲䣬ֵ壬˾ơ
ڰ޷ԴݵŻʹؼ䣬
ڣ˹ŵ⣬һˣɱ㡭ǹ棡ڣ仰˵һ˲ڵǵλѪȻǾһ
һΪѪִ֮ɲǣֵ˫Ŀ׳ΪɫɫĿ⣬͸һϣ
ֵǻʹ֮ϣسһ޴ӰӰ˫ֱţһͷƮҡ̧ͷ죬ɫ¶ӣȻճǾ޴Ĺһһ
š棡㳡ϣʹУŻʳڣдڵĹ֮ˣڿӰһɲǣȫӾ¶뺧Ȼ֮ɫ䡣
Ⱥݼ棡֪˭һ£˲Ϣ䣬㳡ʹʮˣȫ
ڽˣڻû꣬ҵ۶ˣ֮ǰ͹˼õģʲôȡ
йؾֱ֮£ͼʼˡ


2033 ֮
ͬ࣬Уڴ˵еĻ֣˿̣ȴŻʹڣ죡
ʹʮˣһɫǴؼ֮лûĹӰݡ
ǵŻ֮ȥһ۵Ļߣ˿ɫ𾪣û˿ԥͬӲȴûм޾ĺȻ־塣
֮Ӱ˻û֮⡭⡭һˣҲδпһߣ˾ȻѪĪǱһ廹Ҫ
վǹӰ¶ûй򣬶ǱȭӰһݡ
ǵŻ˿Ŀɿڴ¶޷֮ɫƷһ㣬Ӽˣһ˳֮⣬͵̧ͷ˴ؼ䣬Ǳ˫ֿյӰ
ڿӰһ˲ŻӲ
ܣ˻Ӳϵ˺ֱվǹ㳡֮ϡ
޲֮ӣ޲ǵŻ޸ǹˣŻɫ԰ףһɷܲʵ޷ĴָؼӰЪ˹˻
˵ع㳡ˣһ⣬ȫ˶ˣҲ׷ˣֻŻͬӣվָŹӰ˻ؼص
ܣܣǼٵģŪĻþⲻģ޲ĺ˰޵Ѫ㽵ٵǵŻ𣡣
ǶվǶϹ˲ɣǼٵģǵŻ𷢿Ĵ𣬸ܹݵ˲ϵغУǵĹݣĿ־ѹòȥţһУġ
ƾ˻֮ˣȴûһȥᣬȫؼĹӰ𺳣һ
ڻȨ֮ϵĹ˵֮ԻݻȨ֮Իᾴηȵĳ羴ȨһУΪȨĴߣ˹֮棬λй֮ˣĵ׿Ϊ֮ȥһеĹ棡
ĿУ棬ϵĴڣ
𽫣ǸѵǼٵôǼٵģǼٵģǼٵģǵŻӲһĳһԵһʮ֮һһ˹ȥ
㳡һƬţΨŻһˣ˻𲻶ϣֻǣȴûȥһۡ
ٵġǼٵġŻ˫۱־彥ռȫӲϵӰЪ˹УǴڣ§Ľл£һ˳
վǴż䣬Ŀȥ֮ǹ֮ˣһΣִߵŮӣ֮ϡ
ֵ˲䣬ؼ޴ĹӰصһ㣬¶һ޷ݵѹѹ춯أ÷ɫ䣬·й֮ˣһӲ
ֵͷɫ˫Ŀ͸Į·˻ĵŻĵͷȴؼĹӰҲͷһһɫ˫ĿǵŻ
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ĺˣûбѹ壬㲻ɱң
ֳĬ̧̧֣УȴǹӰ̧ͬǾ޴֣ǵŻһָо޴ֱۣȻָŻ
ǵĳ֣֮һӰֵֺһοڣ仰˵ɲǣȴռ޴֮ϣȻһһ߼۶ֱǵŻȥ
Żңľ졣
ŵңңңʦңǵŻ־ļ˻
֮ﴫ֮ʱʹĵصһ䱻ķӡУһɫĹľ
ǹľһͬãȴͬŻۣ͵˫ۣ¶ɵԥȴûг֡
ϣǵŻ⣬ٵɲǣϹһȴ£̱ΪɫĹƬ󵹾ȥʹߣֱӴ͸˵Żüġ
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꣬Ҳ£ɢĨȥһŻ𣬾ʹУĿ£ʹ
ǴУĻߣ֮ǰŻĺȺһֻѹ£ȥȣҲûа취ڹӰһָУ
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ʹ֮˲۵ףǵŻ𣬶ƾŴϣλȫϤ߲֮âλصĵһʦ
ʦӶȡĽ꣬ʦ˻˵Ż𣬲䲻ϵѡӣѡڻ֮ˡ
ʦһ֮£ǵŻֻǱԻ󣬳Ϊʦĳּƻһֶѣ
Щ飬֮ǰڿһĻĻ󣬱Ȼע⣬ȴѹסʱȻŭ죡
񣬵Ż־ҪȥǹʦȥˣǷеĲ²⣬ǷǡǸˣ
λصĵһʦƾʶѰҲ˿̣ڻѪȼգž֮ӰûһɲǣȴɱǵŻ˲䣬̸ܵ˴Żɢ˲ϢͱߣԶĻɽ˹ȥ
ƾŹ֮ӰܵǻɽڲпգһӴ󷨣ģһӰ
Ӱȥ£Ϳȷ˱ضһеߣλصĵŹʦ
ۿӰҪȫɢȥĿһ̧Զ֮ĻɽȻһָȥ
һָУֵԺڣֳڼƶӸУǿޱȵĹһָͨ
ؼǹӰͬʱ̧֣Ȼһָ˲䣬Ӱɢһָȴʵʵڵȫ£
ֻǵŻʳƯյĳǳ⣬ɽܣغƴ˵ص򣬱ڷָȻѹ
صǻɽһ֮УͻȻʮɫâʮɫâ˸ⱻʩչĹһָչ˶Կ
֮춯أʹҲţȴǻɽ¡¡Уɽһ޴ѷ죬Ĵ͸룬¶Ǿ޴󷨣
ͬģһָ֮Ҳʮɫâ£ʮɫ֮һɢ
˫Ŀͫһһ˦£ֱնȥͷ­ɻ꣬ͱߣû¡
Ҫߵһ˲䣬һͺʹصƴ
֮߱ˡɻʻͷ­


2034 ʡ
ɳƣһŨŨĺޣ㳡ص״У㳡ĵ̺ѣһ֮ľ޴ѷ죬ѷݺᣬĽ㳡ķһ뿪
ѷĲ࣬ת֮£ǹ㳡мĵطȻ̮͵һǹ㳡ϵˣһɫ仯Ѹٺˣвֱӷ
һϹǹ㳡̮λڳֱĻͬʱԶԶһͬһ֧صľ޴ɫӡ
Ϲֵ˲䣬ʹ̾ͱâ֣âȻɣٲȻͬʹеŴ
һɫĹľĴ̮·ƯϹУĻ͸ŨŨͬʱһɾ˵ĹϢɢĿһ˲ľײĸӴѣ¶ǹľڣǺһ塣
һˣܿһϵƴӻȪͷֻɢļɫĻۣڡ
ذףϣһüģһؿڣһڵ
ݼʥ棡ڴ˳ֵһ˲еˣ׷ٴιǵһͬ˺ڻ
Щ˵ĹȻ֮ǰ˹Ӱһ㣬ĿеĿȣݣ
Żܱ֮Ϊʥߣֻһˣ
ڿһ˲¶׷䣬̾һɫӡ
΢
վգɫ糣ĳ֣û⣬ʵ֮ǰӰ֮ʱ͸ܵʹصףһɰϢ
ûвϢҲ⣬Ϊ֮ǰҹУǾĵطŰ
ŰֱΪ𡢹ʦǵŻ֮һֻˣȴŰȻһˣݼߣǲ٣ĴϣɻҪ׼
˭ֱ֪񿴵޿˵΢֮ŵһ˽ĵʷ
ڵһʷϣǰֹһŮӣΨһһŮ֮Ϊ˵Ż֮ˣ
ļλڵһȻ䶯˵Уŵ𴫳˿ѶϿ˴ŮĴڣʹһƽ
Ůͬǻ壬ǸʱĵһĴ£ﵽ۷壬ΪǿֻŴŮλ󣬵һȻΪ
ŮӣԵһĹףλʱһǿʶλ𣬳֮Ϊʥʣ
Ҳ󱲵ĵˣΪʥ棡
֣΢ֵһ̣Ժڸ˽йشŮһĻĻ
ֻǼ¼˵һϣ֪ʦޣҲǸʱڴŮڵΪ˴
һ˼˲ϢԺһǴɫľ߳һĿ˺â
Ľл£ڿֲӺƼΪ£ֱһ䱧ĸ
ͷ­ɻ֮꣬ˡĻԽù֮û֮ĪΪŻʹô֣ɳƿڣϴ⻰ﴫУƸŨһЩ
Ϊûߣ˵ǵŻʹʮ󷨣ǵ沼ãֻܿɰˣںΪһ壬ֻҪʹǲ֮Խ󷨿֣֮߳࣡ɭ˵
ɫƽеȴǸŨ
Ҫĳ֮ԣֻڣǴ֮Ȼûڰ׶ɫУͷ޷ԶȴǴ֮£ȻһòһһĵӰ
ǵӰƿŴ֮ĮĿ
֮ӰΨȼڻѪſҸոճֹһΣǻѪɢڣһʱһ󣬲ſٴȼ
谵˫Ŀһή̧纡һ㣬Ҫһɲǣһ̾Ϣ޿д
һ̾ϢĶУһ
΢ҵĵӡ޸ӵĿĿоһ˿飬ǰȥû˿ªһ統꣬ĵŮӡ
ĵӡĬƬ̣ޣ谵˫ĿͬŸӣɳƿڡ
֪ϲǵˣСʱȥչصĵطǸԵ
ôӣԸ裬ݲˣұָΪ𣬵Ϣѡ
գƵҵĵˣΨһĵնʦ飬ӴҲ޷˵һãĶô
ΪӦôôΪסô˵󣬼ͺɫ¶ʹϧĿϿȥʱʹġ
ԶҲǲһ΢ЦһЦ֮һݣһߵԼһնʦ
ףֵʦͽ֮ǿһƹıҲɢˡ
Ĭ֮ɳƿڡ
ǵӣȷΪ𣬲ƾױɱֲͷ­ɻʻ꣬һǻᷢսңҲס
仰ﴫһ˲ЦкŨ̧Уİ˼ͨȻɢ
ɫ˿Ǽ
ɫĲƣǼˮ
ǽɫƮ죬Ǽ
İ˼֮أѧһ˦䣬Ȼһһû
гˮ𡢽֮⣬ľ֮ǵ
ڵ߼յļ־ûдУȴı仯һʱ䣬Ҳ޷ա
ֵͨͬʱʳָָ̧Ȼƣǹһָ֮۶
ֵٶ˫ĿͫԤ󷨽ɱ£ǴҲֻɵ
֣ضоһ
ȴ˳ɣĸ̺ܵһɻ֮
ǹһָŲҳ֣ȴܵһָǿΪֻǹһԹ˿ȴǷ֣־Ȼʩչ
УЦͷӰڰ׼䣬ȫڸı䣬һɾɱ¾ϢڣȻɢ
ɫһ䡣
΢ҵӦ㣬ػһӡػһһӡҺۡ߰ɣ㲻Ķ֣Ҳסھ㡭޵գ˫УɻǴ޷ı顣
Ĭã̧Ȼһӣֻʹâ󣬶ʱɢ
ֿһۣ̾һɢȥһ˲§Ľл£һֱնȥҪȥһ˲䣬ȻףλãĿ·ĵУһ󺺣̧ͷĿ⾼΢ЦпĿԼ
ĿǴ󺺵ĿȻһ١
㡭


2035 δ
ֵӰϵһ٣˴˵ص˵ע⣬ʥ΢Ҳȥ
һͨĴ󺺣վȺУۣΪҲֻǴﵽ˰ǹĳ̶ȣδʥ
ĵˣڵһ࣬ƽ֮ʱȥ⣬Ǵ˵ػʹһ󣬽˴ĴͶҲ
ôĿɫƽûȥʲô֣ɫǸп
ڣвһ˿ŻѪѪįįΪˣѪĶˣ٣߱Ѫ
޳Ǵ󺺣ĬڰУ˫ڣͬ˸п֮⡣
󺺣޳ںϣ֮ǣֹ֤Ĺˡ޳ڶһĻĻɵи֡
̾һ§Ľл££޳ȥ·ˣһʶĺˣ¶һƬտ
վ޳ǰǰϤס
޳ݼˡǴ̾ȭһݡ
㡭ʱڷģֿŶԷ
ص˵ʱ·ֿƽڣֵ˫ۣǰ꣬ʱĶԷСٴοȴѾΪ˴ɱ˵ŻŻʹʥ涼ֹֻܿȥ
׺ɣﱾݾ޳ǸпԴ
Ϊʲôҡڡ
Ǵ󺺿Цҡͷ֪˵ŻʳǣҲйȥѰԷһ뷨ֵֻΪ̫ߣ޵ΨһӣǵһδػߣֻǵһУһ΢С
Ĳ࣬ʹȴ
ԷĿЦֳĬԸܵ޳뷨̾һ
һɡڡ
˷Ը޳˫ֱȭնһ㡣
Ӧ֪įĴڡֿ޳
޳˵ͷһ󣬴֪һ֪ԼѪԴ
չįĺˡ̧ͷŵŻʳǵԶ
޳񱾾סį˵ĸۡС޳̿ڣڵŻʳڣûмңӵŵºûѡɽУƾѪĸӦҵįĺˣįĺǻ壬ȴҲˣֻһۡ
޳٣įĺѡ˽ܡ
¶΢Ц΢Ц׷䣬ŸпĿ˴һۺ̧֮һ޳ؿڡ
޳Ȼһȫҵ˸âĿʹô˿Ŀ֮ˣ˫һʹʶջء
Ѫʥ΢ڿһĻɫȻһ䡣
Ҳ˫Ŀһ޳Ŀ¶ӣ̾
޳ӲУĸоֵڴһůӿԼУѪںϣʹѪһ˲ޱȵľ䱾;߱һ˿Ѫ˿Ѫǲϵؾ£˿֮ǰŻһѪ֮
ãջ֣ĻѪ֮ɢһ˿޳֮ʹ޳Ѫϣﵽ˳ΪŻʸ
͹֮ǡػįˡѪԱִһ˦Ľл£һֱնȥתۼʧӰֻʣǴϵĵˣĻþò
޿ȥķãã껯һ̾Ϣûж˵ʲôҲûȥʥ΢ǰĿ⣬޳ϡ
Ҽǵã޳
޳μ𡣡޳ȫ⽥ɢһ㣬޵Ļ̵ϥɫΪ
޳Ŀ¶ʲô˼Ƭ̺Ŀ¶ϣ޳˵ͷ
ѡһָ޳ʥ΢
΢¶ɣĿ޳ϣã̾˿
Ҫչأڻѡ𶨶ᡣ˵ţתϹеĹľϹɢľ³ص
ŻʹһĻĻʼգŵûг֣ǹŵʹߣҲδ¶棬ܿһ㡣
ǵŻǹŵΪһػߣȴû˿һУ˵صû໥̸˴ˣɻĵס
ڹŵûгֵɻҲѾĴ㣬ǹŵֹôȻ׼ȥٻ޷ǹŵһս
һսʧܵĿܴܺ󣬵Ҫս
ֻǣŵȴûгִ֣˿ؼ伲ֱۣǰһָĻɽȥеɻ󣬱ѹ£˿̲ǿǴ֮ʱһֱ˼ȥҲʲôͷǰҪģȥɽ⿪еţ
صĵһʦ˭
ǰУ§ĽлŮӵֹâһŮĴռ֮УнΣֲŮܵ˺
ʧ֮˫¶캮âһ֮£ӰȻʧ֮ʱǱնĻɽ֮⡣
̧·ɽȻһ
һ֮£һ޴ӡջûֱɽһ춯صĺ죬ǾУӰ磬ǻɽΧͬʱ̤˴ɽڲ
ضɽҡĻɽһ֮£Χı̮类Ĩȥ˴һ¶·Ǿ޴󷨣ֻʮɫâ˸γһƬʮɫһɽУûյ˿ˡ
һ֮һ˲ݣһһɢ
㻹ˡһɳƵƮʮɫڴصһɽ֮䡣
վʮɫ⣬Ŀ䣬ЩϤȴİһʱ֮䣬ӡ֤еĲ²⡣
Źʦ˲ͷ֮ôȡĳ֮꣬ǵŻѰںϣĿĲĳĳˣȴĪĳϳ˭ߣĳһˣֱ俪ڡ
ʮɫڶݵĳĬ󣬴ɳƵЦЦʹ䶯
кܶɻɡɻ˭νĽĻߣ½ɻôĿʲô
ɻкܶܶ࡭ɳƵƴ졣
ɣƿҵݣɻҿΪ⿪һЩ
һ𣬵ɫȴ糣˫Ŀ֮һĬ̧ɫ˿ָ䣬һȦẠֱ̇ȥ
ͬʱľˮɫһһûеҲ֮һֵǰʱһڰ׶ɫͼڣͼмת֮£ɢĹ⣬һӣͼֱʮɫȥ


2036 Źʦ
ɲǣһ㣬⼱ٵ䶯޵˻д
˻֮춯أ˷֮£ȴֵͼڣȻڣȥƱһ
ĿһûڵĵŹʦ²ǸˣǼ򵥣˵ǣҲԼ׾ٵ̤С
ã˴ʹӣ󷨽ɲ󷨣˶ͼ
Ȼ˿̻ûȥȴʮɫ֣ضǴĳĹؼֶĿ¶˼һ˲䣬ͻȻں֮죬׺
ֻٷУһʨľޣȻڳͨɫкɢһĪѹȻɢѹء
޳֮󣬶ʱͼڷɳڰתǾѹǾ޲ϵӴһ֮УͼײȥǺ¡¡ľ죬˷
ЩֶΣİ˼ͨƿϷʮɫ󣬵ֻҪҪŬˡУһЦЦǺڣҲɼΪ
ɫ糣һ˦䣬صȴûںϵòһһ֮˫ĿһֱʮɫȥɲǼٽײͼڵľޣһưȥУƣľˮֱԴͨȻû
ɫСƾճ֣һ֮籩͸ŨŨĽԴ֮ǾޣһǾҪȴϷͼһѹһٵͬʱ⽣֮籩ĲҽС
ҽдһ˲ʮɫٴξҷȻĸ޴ӰǵһֵӰһ޾һ֣ӴޱȣӤһ˻ȫƺâ³˴ƬĺɫϢܡ
ǵڶֵľޣһֻ޴棬漫Ϊ죬ͨɫͬһ㣬ûͷһ£һƬ˪ɢһֵͬ
ǱᣬһޣХĿ겻ֵϿյͼڡ
һޣΪһªһ岻ϵճҺ䣬̣ͨͷǣϣȻһͷ­ƾɫŮף
޳ֺϵŮӼ˻һ뿴֣Ŀ׹һ䣬޾ӳֱ١
ɫ糣ǹٵһ˲Ȼ̧һӴĵӰüԼ˫۶ʮͬʱûУһȭ
ǵӰͬһȭ
صǴΪŮӵޣһֱӱһȭºڣתۼ䣬ٴð˿δˡ
üͷһУ˿ǹͷޣͬʱ˲ҽУȴޣƾճֻľɵĴ֣ϻ֮£˴ϣѪģ
ǰһ棬˻𺣣ǻ̺ŨŨĻԴ֮£治ϵزҽУѸ˺С
֮ޣڷֵͼڵ˲䣬ͼȻγһֻ֣һץסޣݺݵһ֮£ȫ
ǣУڴ˷ɳһֻһһ֮ޣ
ֻ޸һɳƾճ˴ˮγΣһ㣬˲Ϣͽȫ͸
ͬʱǱһȭˣҪٴγǴΪŮ׵֮ޣɫȦ˲Ϣ֣ǹȦһɳɣԴֱ֮ȥɲɿУתۼ䣬ʹ޳Ϊһ
һķѡ
֮ѹͷޣĿһ̧һָգʱǾ޴ĵӰȫʵͬһ㣬Ŵ󲽣ֱȥȭͷս˻һȭ䷽ģ
һȭںɲǣȴȻһƱ赲ͬʱһŰצľ޴ޣȻڸֳİ֧֣Ĳŵ֮Ӱֱۣз֮
ţͷ޴һһûֱһֻ޴һȣֱաһӴϷ˷һâȾ˷˻ֺ󣬻ܡ
һޣһ֮һˣȴͷ­˫ȭؿڣſѪڣ̤һԾֱֶ
һޣֹ̤룡
ӦûеʮޣЦ̧ϵһָܵ类ָȻѹһָ˸ǹһָ
ڵһָͬʱٴγصӰȴɱ¾Ȼһͷ˲ϢΪɫɢɱ¾У¶֮Ц˫Ŀ飬һȥУ˻ɫϸ˿ֱǺڷȥ˲Ǵĺ˿͸ڷҽУڷȫһ˿˿γɱ¾ӣǣ췢һͺֱһ޶ȥ
ǵھޣ˫ͷˣ˿Ȼٽֲ㼸ʮɣȷ棬һײ֮⣬Խٽ
ɱһ˿̾ɱ¾Ҳ֮ȥֻ䱾̺֮ԴڣҲ޿Ժ
֣½ϣδùһǿͨͨˣǿһ˱ͨ
˫ͷٵɲǣ췢һͺڴ죬ȴ˲ֱͣӴӳ˴Сʹ˰֮ߣ

½ϣһΣչ¶Ӵֱִۣǿ׳ڴ˿Ȼ¶һɲɣ֮У¶ϣһϸܵİһصζ
ҹ֮ˣ¶һΪӰ̫Щ̫㣬ս֮С
ǻʹڣЩͬŻ𣬸ûл¶ͱǿĻ֮ݻ١
ֵļޣǰһȥһȭ˫ͷĿ¶־壬˻ͬһȭȴȭͷɲǣȻ
û˿ֿ֮һ£ֱ̤ڣٴͣȻ߰ɴСˣɲļޣ
޴ȭͷһȭȭͷҪµɲǣȴڣһ̶֮ҵķСɱ¾սľͷޣһһֱС
䶯ۿɼٶһȭУȻڳһͷͬ߰˰ɵľ޴ޣ
ޣɿͷиۣȻһֻ޴ĲӬһͷײֵȭ
һһ𣬵ͷȥУ˫Ŀ¶֮âǲӬ£ɢģϥһߣ
ߣϤ
ӣȻ㣡


2037 ƽ磡
ǳΪ˷Ļɽڣ޴֮Уɢ¶ĵӰӰȫʮɫâǹâȴǲŨʹֿ˵ò
һߣòȻӼΪƣ
ٿ֮ʱȴã˲ƣЩһˣ
ּ֣ˡ΢΢һЦɫǴƽ֣Ц׽͸̰׷䣬Ŀһ˿ļɵ
ҸóƺΪӣ߲𣡡˿߰˰֮վߣڡ
˵ӣȻ߲òصһ㡣
Ϸֺܶ񣬻ϲƺ΢ЦУ̧һġ
ʱӴ󷨺ȻٴתɢһƬƬĹâǹâĿ֮䣬֮ͬʱɢһƶ֮ɵľ޴ƶ֮ɵĺ˼
ͣ˫۾һ󷨽Ƶ裬˿һۿԷµ󷨣Ǵ
ϧɱ˻ϥ̾һ
Ĭ˿̫ʣȴûпڣ̧䣬һȭȥ֮һ˲ǿǴһȭ⴫ϵһ̣ź̸ܵһĪķ֮
죬ֱһУǴû˿ˣ
򲻿󡭡ֹϷļƻϷһ죬Ѿ̫õˡҡͷ֣˫Ŀ¶֮âĿ͸Ÿӣ͸̰͸żɵ
Ŀ⣬֮ǰҲϿȴԶԶûΪȻΪ˴мĹ
Ѿˣ߲ҲѾɢ㣬˭һͺȻ䣬ٴת֮¾ʹ߰˰ֱӻǧɵľˣ죬ʹ÷ɫͬʱҽȻ̧·󷨣һ¡
ϣֵҽţȴ󷨵һɲʱͨһĪķ֮ʹٴ˺
˭߳Ĭ䣬Ц
˭ؼ⣬ֻһ֪㣬ò̫ʱ䣬Ҳ֪һգ󷨣âԽӾң󷨵ת⵽Ҳ
ʲô󣬾ԺأĿкһܴҲã߲Ҳã˿̣ǵŻȡлĻ֮ˣҪɱ֮ޣ
ۿǴԽӵľڴ˺죬ȴһɫѪϸֵ֣Ҳͬ䶯УʹֿΪ
ƺУٴͣһΣȴֱӴﵽǧ֮ߣҪһ㣬ľˣؼ
Ӵʹɫ䣬ǵϵ󷨣ֿȥͬһ˫Ŀ¶޾⣬̧Уٴ󷨺Ȼһȭȥ
һȭ£Բʮǧʮڣ֮ƱֵȭͷΪһ޴ĺڶ֮󷨣Ȼ¡
ڵߣ̧ͷһĻɫ죬û˿ңȴȭͷµɲǣ󷨵ĹâҵĴȻɢͬʱǾ޴ȭͷ忪һйâֱ߶
ת֮£ȭͷߵ壬ȴֱӴ͸͸󷨣˴ϣ𶯣Ű˷֮Уɽͱسһ޴Ŀ
ֵɫȴڴ˿˸󷨣ɴû˿ˣ
Ǵ󣬸Ͳһһֻǻþַ·󷨴ڵĿռ䣬ڵĿռ䣬Ȼͬ
αذװ˷΢Цҡͷһ̾
ôʱ仹ûдߣ󣬲ȫǴͰɡֳĬƬ̺󣬺Ȼڣ仰ˣ߶֮Ŀһ
ֱ˫ۣȻСת۾ͻӰɢؼ䣬ȴǳһСŰµ֡
Сٶ̫죬ʹǾӰ飬Żľ仯
֣ǰһȥ⣬󷨣Ǽӣ߲ߣ̧һӼ䣬ʱ۶صںϵͬʱɱ¾ĺ֮С
󣬵ȷǴ͡һãĴһϵĴšϧɱ¾߻ڡ
Ʋֹ󷨵ת£ʱڣϷ̸̸ϷΪ⿪ɻ󡣡΢Ц֡
ֳĬ֮ҡҡͷǰһȥУ̳һ޴̫̫кڰ׶ɫɢڰ֮⣬ؼ䣬Ϊ졣
Ҳϰ߸˽̸ƽУһȥת֮£ٽ󷨱ԵȥУ󷨲˸ȥ˽ȥ
룬Ǵ͸󣬿ʵϣȴվͬĿռһ
߾뿴ֻмʮɵ֣ɴ΢Цɫ¶ϧ֮⣬һϢͻȻ˫Ŀͫ͵һ
ȴվڵΪϢϵУĴ֮âɣ͵ת֮У֮ǰʮ֮
ӴĴ֮â磬ȴûֹͣٴηԶԶһͬһϴƤԽԽ
Ҫʲôɫһ䣬ĶǴ֮ɫ˼̧һָһָ֮£ʱߣֵľ޴ĲӬ֮¶ײУֱֶȥ
Ӭ֮ޣȴǰ⣬޷̤㣬ǰһεϣֹĳ롣
֮ǲӬڱУײϷǰ֣˿̧һץʱгһƻ꣬ǻ꣬ɻʣ
ץŴ˻꣬Ա˫ۣȫΪϵڴﵽ˿սٴԲˣǽȫΪ֮ӿǻУʹɻ֮Ȼ˫ۣ˶ĿĽâȴûǣãУһӣǻֱĴ֮С
֮ڣɼһģͷ­ͷ­ǱڵŻʹóߺ֮ڵͷ­
ɻ֮ͷ­һɲǣ֮Ȼٴ䣬֮ʱİٱС
һ𣬱Ŀзһ˻Ǵ֮ʱٴ˫Ŀ͵ſ˫۵ɲǡ
ȼ֮Ǵ֮ȻԶԶһͬһ޴ĺڰ׻򣬻죡
㲻Ľĸôߴ˿ɫȻ仯͵վͺ


2038 ̫񾳣
ĿһȴûпڣûֹͣڶԷľٶɻ֮꣬ʱͷ­ڣʹڻһЩĴ֮ںϣһɼǿ֮
˿Ǵ֮ȼգ޴ۿɼٶȻת֮£ʹӴޱ֮˼ޣΪ޵ͬʱ֮ڵȫķʽӿڣʹҽţǰһȥ
һȥɲǣַһͺƾջص죡
󷨴ڵĿռ䣬½Ŀռ䲻ͬʶ֮ǰһйԴû˿ã͸һ㣬ܿȴ
ôԻʹ˵ǲͬĿռ䣬ڴ˵Ҳص
ĪͨҲûмʹڣƵһĻ
˿̣ȼ˴֮һɿ̤յȻҪһУƾǿΪĴԼڵĿռ䣬̤ڵһռ֮С
ͨȴӶһһºֱ̤½һͨǴҪҲǳѶȣֶΣʹһͱٳڣ㣬ṳ̂룬Ѷȼ
Լ߲ƵĵŹʦɫģľٶ
ֵҽ̧һʱ죬â˸ֵǰһεĴĽţ̤ϣʹôһҪ̤ƴͿ̤
֣ۿȴģܣҽŵ£Ƶܳܵļޣֵ壬˿ҲͷĺڶͷȻôĪ֮ԼΪѡ
һ˵ʵ϶˲Ϣ䷢ǵŹʦ֮£˫ʮɫâֱֽµģ֮ȥʹôһӾ˲٣߱ԣҪ̤µҽ̧һ㡣
ǰǾ޴ĲӬ֮ޣǷϵײҪ˺ٽıϣҪ֡
ԼȹֵĴǵŹʦҧ⣬һѪģѪȴδµϣǴ͸󷨣֪ȥ
ͬʱ󷨵תɺȻӿ֮󷨵תܣ˵ȴ޷
֮Ѫ֮꣬ߵͺУȴ󷨵תУȻ˴֮꣬Щ꣬ڱֿһ˲Ȼһ
Щ꣬ڶ磬֮ˣ
Щ껯һɺȻ⴫ԼٶĻһ޴УУ˿ȻһƬ龰
龰ͬ棬ģأ
ϣɽɽ֮ڣɢʿŴĿɿڴ˿̴˷䣬氼ȥȴһɴϸ֪ж೤ľ޴ɫӣȻӺ׺ƿǾ޴ֱգһʧ
ֿڵһĻ𶯣֪ʲôȴһëȻ֮Уʲô֮£˿½֣
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޴У֮ǰгɻУڣȻͬĻ档
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طⶼڵĺ󣬺ˮХ޴ӳȥһͲܳΪչصı֮أȻ¶·һ޴Ʊ俪һɽȥ
վԶһĻɢһɲɣ£һĪѹɢ춯ء
ǰˣૣ˫۾¶˾⡣
һĻĻ棬ȫĻϵпۿǵŹʦҪѪû˿ԥȻٻ޵ǿķ֮ƾճ֣ȫһ˲ֵΪȻҽţ˿ȫǴݺݵһ̤
һ̤֮£ֵҽϳصӰһڴ˿̻ûص壬ֵ޷
һ̤䣬һǴֱӱһȱڣʹֵҽţڴصһ˲䣬̤ڵĿռ֮ڣ
壬ҽţȴǸռ䣬£
ļ֮޷Լȫ嶼ǿռУҽŵ£ȴɿԴﵽֵĿģȴҽźâһ͵̧ջصͬʱȫЩ˳Ŵϵȱڣڡ
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Ķźڷɱ¾п־֮һ
Ҳϰ߸ſռ˽̸ϲ̸ڷɱ¾ڣܡ
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ջĿ⣬ɱ¾ǵŹʦ
⣬ֱϥ£˫ĿպϣȫʶǴһռɱ¾ϡ
ңҲ֪֡ڷɱ¾ĿһۣУĿڵϵһɨ̧˿ûҪ
ȥ˴ĽѵĿܣǲлֻ꣬ǲлѣڣҲ޷ѣ˸Ψ
Ļ㼴а취Ѫ֮ʱҲӲֻأ֮ɻкҪ䲻ֻƣҲΨ󣡡ǵŹʦȻڡ
ɱ¾һ٣Ŀ֣˫ۡ
򿪵ʲôط
̫񾳣Ӽ߲֮ĵŹʦĬƬ̺󣬻ڡ
ҪĽӴ˲ֻ֮Уֻ֮࣬ͱҪȥ̫񾳣ڸֻأչֻرԴƿĽϣѰңˣɳֻء
̫Ŀǲ֣ϷķȴǿԽȫ򿪣ٴοڡ
ɱ¾ȴ˫ۺâһһٺ󣬾Ҫٴ£ȥӡ


2039 
٣޾ɱĻԶ֪йض磬й½صһ࣡
ɻҪĿĽɢֻ֮У޷һǵŹʦȻ˻ɫ¶
ڷɱ¾˫ĿһֹͣҪµ֣Ϻƣ֮俴Ŀġ
йѪǻѪӵд֮һλѪȫںϽĽڣҲ޷ȻĽ̫֮ڡ
̫񾳣Ϊ½ϵһʥأѰʿ̤룬ҪôӵĪΪҪôǿ֮
һ̫ȫĿԶɱȣҪĽ룬ͱҪΪɴݻ֮壬ˣſɴ̤̫񾳣չֻֻ֮ѰңӴ˳ֻأΪĴڣӼУٴѪ
Ѫһ͸󷨺ɱ¾꣬ļ£źֱĻȥ
Ļϣ֮ǰĸɫУҪΪһԲӡ
źڣֱ¶˲ͬĻ档
أǹ壡
ڹ弫һУһƬ߽Ĵ󺣣˺һƬɢõζǼһ
ƬǼһͨһΪʺϵĵطǺڴڵѹ˵ĳܣܼȥԼȫǱӡ
ƬȴǺĳ˾޴Ĳˣǲܵ𣬷˺ХǺХУȴݣǾ޴ӳȥȫʧΧ³һ롣
ӳɢȥһ˲ڵʼһĽ紦ͬһ޴ӺգʹĻɢĲƣŰ˷һĻĻп֮˵ע⣬׷²²⣬һЩٲ⣬˶֪˺£
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ڷɱ¾ĿŹʦϣڡ
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˼ҿԲȥٴ󣬵ҪңΪδұɱ¾ſڷɱ¾˵
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ŶԲ˵Ҫң㵽˭ڷɱ¾ǰһɭڡ
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ߣֱ˫ۣ˫۱պϵɲǣеɱ¾Ȼȫۣɢ
ת󷨣ɱ¾Įڡ
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Ϣ֮ĺҹɢֿȥǰ˸У˿ʧһͬʱһĸӦֵڣģĿǹ֮䣬Ѱ֮˺ѿԽĲãУһ޴ӣȻ֣˺Уһ
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ڰ׽䣬½ʼ𶯣ƬãĴ󺣣ˣľУ˺졣
ֿģظܵǴϷһУһĻĻ𶯣ֲ½ΨǴ˵У˳Ϊ֮ء̫񾳣
̫񾳡ૣط֮ǰ˵˿̣ȴǵһĿ򿪵Ĺ̡
ĻλڣھϢ¹һ˲ֿĻϵУֻʣ
ڵӣ˿ɫȴһ죬Ѿ˺ܾúܾãҲԿǲãһб仯Ŀ¶


2040 ڿڣ
½ڴ˿̺ڰ׽֮Уϣǵɽ֮Уõ۴ӱչ˫ۣһΣƯգԶɫ˱仯
ȷ̫񾳡һεĿǴӹ򿪡ʱϣǰ˲١̫񾳵Ŀǰ¡
⽫̫񾳣һȫĴ򿪣Ϊͬھõ۵ߣһŮӵȴǺӣһµվԶĿ¶ӡ
޷ܵȫֻЩҵУ̫񾳴˷ĿҪȴꡣ
ȫõ˫Ȼ¶һ˿ڸǲסļ
ȫĻ棬гԽΪͬһεķ
أһڣЩһڱɭƣǿĪһǱչزʹϡ
˿̣ǵһڣȴǴһ˻˻УһصȴһɽڷɳһȫƵӰӰɫĶԶء
̫񾳣ȫΪһİ취
ڣɰСŮڱչ֮֮飬ɢ֮âСŮһ
˿̣ͬʱ˫ۣĿ뿴һƴ͸չصǽڣء
緢̫񾳳ּı֮⣬˿վһɽ֮ϣĿ¶һ˿ڴ
ͬʱǻʹصصĿռУһɽ壬ɽǷһ
̫񾳵Ŀǿ⣬ϣͬˣŵĴʼŵĴȫˡ
ޣͲ˶ߣȥĻɽյ쳣ǳŻʹµʥ棬ҲȻٴηɳվ޵ߣ𾪵ĿĻ
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໥˿ûмڣǳĬ
أΧӵǹŵɽϵĸУеӰ˿վԣգһ̾Ϣ
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ǱĻɽڣǼӣ߲ʵĵŹʦ˿ɫΪأ˫ϵر仯֮£͵İУдһ
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ֵɱ¾âһ˲˼»صֵıڣں֮һΣǹâ֮⣬ǰͨĸܵӵеһ޷ݵĿֲ
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ĺǺˮȣΪķΧ֮ǰˮķΧתΪȣ˵һĻνǾһ㣡
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ã֮ͬһ޴ǽڣ赲˹֮䣬̧ͷȥͷһִ
ֲ壬½ת⺣𣬶½⾪˵һĻһת˲һĸо
ĺ󣬻ĵľŸתԽԽ֮󣬱˺Х֮ԶԶһͬһصĺˮ籩
Կ籩ڣǾŸɢâһ޴ţ
Žգûп
ϧɱ¾Ļ̴򿪴ţȴҪʱſӵп֮
ô֣̫ڣټٴ֮ʱ֪һ࣡ŻʳǱԵǱĻɽڣ󷨴˿ת֮УڵĵŹʦӰɢ
ڣİɡֿǽҪɢȥӰȻڡ
ȴûеõ𸴣һЦУɢȥŹʦӰɢ˵أɻһƬ档
ĬãתһΣһ磬նȥתʧ
һûκ£һУѾΪ˹ȥȴһˣһα飬ģȴɽˣԼʦ𡭡
ڿڣȴӡеʦ


2041 
Żʳڵķ粨֮£޵ֵĴĿ£ɱŻ𣬸Ǿ΢ʥ棬Ҳûа취ֵֹȥ
һĻĻ飬ȥĴأʸ֪ߣ˲
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ǹ֮Ĳã󺣣Ϊһ޴ӣ˿ޱ޼ʣɢõζˮм䣬Ǳĺתϵش졣
תХĺˮڣɾŸ޴֮ͨɵţ֣һĻĴڣ½󲿷ǿߵע⣬˺ܶƾŸԵͨ٣ֻڹ۲֮£ȴһĬȥˡ
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һεĿǴδйģ
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ţָ죬ͿԻصļʯˡ
ֵ˵ͷ
³ĬƬ̣¶΢Ц̾һת֣һˣŶԷ꣬ʵȴ˲ɣ
ҸϣһҸ
ڵڶʱԶԶأʯɼɺɫʯɵĳǳأµĿУܵ˼Ϣ
ңһôǳⲻһĵطͣ˽Ų֣ڡ
ֿǰŮӣãĵ˵㡣
΢ЦϺȻ˺Σ˫̧𣬸ƽ˰죬ͷֻƿڵ
֮۾
ֵͷ̧Ůӵ㷢㴫ֵıǼ䣬˾ӵһֱʱš
ԶϦɢâл谵֮ʱ̧ͷ뿪ֵš
ˣѡ
㲻ƽŮӣ֮УŮüһ㣬ǰһƬģĵһԣ˯ˡ
ʱ󣬵ٴ֮ʱ¶ãܿ˿Ĭͷüãʲô
˿Ϧ˴룬£վһ۾Ϳ˾ϣһ׹ţɢů
ԸܵԼڣĲл꣬Ѿˣ£ûܵ˿˺ֻģȴһ˿꣬Ŀ¶ӣ˵ܣãת˲Զĺʯǡ
ļ硣


2042 
ʯǣǸӣ뿪ǰûʲôһ·߽˳ǣûκĳӵ
סʱվˣһͷ׷ϸˣһͲѾߡ
̡÷һˡҧ´΢Ц
ʯ⣬ֵӰվ뿪ĵطǺɫĳǳأջʶŮӺܿĲл꣬ںУ˺ܴļ˴ңǷֲԼ˭
ֱԲ˴ŮֱӴڷĽĲл꣬ĽǴŮ䣬ɢ
޵ǧ꣬˸оĺ飬ɻһˣˣһʱ䣬֮ԻΪһ·ϣϵΪ֮Ůӵڣʹڷʱв˴Ůꡣ
޹ġҲҵĲл꣬ӦΪܵ˺׹ӵҵɱһƽ
ƶһУҪáֻڡ
常֮ͻȻһƻص䣬Ǽƶһ߳ϥڵϣڡ
֮ǰѾ֪ͨ˴˵سҪػ£˿ˣ常ģһǲסͬػƶ֪常еҪԴû˿
ƶʵڻصʼź󣬾һֱķֺпܻ˵أڵȴú֡
ڼƶڴ˵صȴûû˿仯ûз˵صĻ˵ԴãȥʼŻλãΪѡ
߰ɡһǺʯǣջĿ⣬תԶȥ
ƶѹеļæ
׼һطҪչأǰƽڡ
йң常òʣ򺢶¿һ䡣ƶ̹ǡ
ִһ˦Ťżƶ˲Ϣʧ֮ʱȻǼƶй֮С
ʹ˼ҺˣûҵķԸκ˲ڡ£Ŀڴ˵йһɨѡһңڡ
ۿ־Ҫ̤ڣƶԥһ£Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴЩҿڵӡ
ΪʼŻʼһĴص㣬ָ㣬һоͼˡְֻ̤ңһ٣תͷǼƶһۡ
ƶɫΣЦ˵
֪ʲôطǵϲƽȥݼʱ󶼲ڻʹˣҲĮ
ǻʵӣסԭʼɽϣݴţҪΪƵġ
ҸʶҲ⣬ʼһҪΪһӡƶɬڡ
ɫƽŴ˻һ
ָһѡҲû⡭Ҳ׼ɡִĿ˼ƶһۡ
ƶӱһۿȥȫⶼԷĸо˼Ҳ޷һ㡣
ʼ׼ʧܺ󱻷ţʧȥ˳ΪĻᣬһӾûеڶεĿˡ
۲ǣԣĲƶӳĬ꣬ϥڵϣڡ
常ңһΪ֮ǰŵضУ˿ģ
ǻʵ⣬Ӧжְɡɫ糣˵
л֮֡ʱ˹ŵע⣬һ
λãҲмĿܣƶЦ
׼Ҳᣬ죬ҿȥᣬɷָΪδ𣡡ֳ죬˵
Ǽƶһ˻̿ϲɫȴǱ仯࣬ǡ
ǰƶһ۾Ϳ˵ԸӦ֮࣬Լִ֪硣
µҳغ˵޴£ҲҪҡջĿ⣬תңűպϺ󣬴˵ž֮С
ƶӵϥֹһŹĿ¶ڲסϲɫ
常ΪĻı⡭ҵЩ׼ҲһһչˣһΣҪһѣһɹҼƶʼŻ𣡣
ƶ񼤶˼ѹ߳̷Ըȥ˵ػΪôߣɱ
ҹػ˵ء
ƶҲ˵Уһ̧Ȼһӣ̾дĽɢܣʹô˵رȫΪ֪ƣǴ٣Ҫûз½룬Ҳǲܵġ
ϥڵϣ˫Ŀһ֮ѡʼţѡƶΪ𣬳Ҫ»ص⣬һεԭ
һλѪ޷̫ڡ̫񾳣ֵڵǼ꣬˫Ӵص䡣
ھж̫񾳵һЩйش˵Ǻʱ֣һ֪ȴǴЩ伮֪̫񾳴һĪѹѹڱת֮ˣ㲻ǻɢҲֻأֻҲֹ
ǵŹʦ˵в֮ʶһǰŻöԷתȥ̫񾳡
̫ڵѹ޷ܣǵŹʦ˵Ѫֲһ㣬ȻһԶԶ
ǵŹʦѾ˼̫񾳣ΪգԽֻΪҪȥ˷ʲôĿģΪţΪҽȥӦ˵ʵ
ҴɲȥĿ¶ҲѡƶԭҪøĻѪͱҪȥڣȥĹ֮٣
ֻſڶȽٺлٴλùϿɣӶڶûѪ
ţѲܻȥȨҲڴУĻ֣֮ڻȨ
޳տԻϿɣΪ˵Ż𡭡ҲԸٻصˡ̾ɫ¶ӡ
ڼһҴ壬û̫ӴʼŸΪʺϣƶҰģȴ֮⡣
ꡭˣ̧һӣһƬ֮â˸䣬ֵǰһھӨĹľ
Ľ˯һǹľһĽɫ̧ڶͷһģ̴üзɳһӫ⡣
ӫڣһģӰӰĽĲл꣡
Ӵ֮һѡǼʮ꣬һӡһָӫֱĽüģȥĽĽëͻȻҪһȴƽ
ֻ۽ǣȴоӨˮ¡


2043 
ǹľڵĽ񣬿ëǾӨˮᣬΪĽȥᣬָϣûл䣬Ө͸ͬˮ
ָߣ飬ܿ࣬ɬڻȴһ˿
˵һζĽããûȥʱţʼտĽ㡭
ֱһ죬ֵģƽ˫ۣٴʱ˫Ŀ͸ᶨ
ӣĽǲ԰׵ĴŮӶߣ૿ڣ˵һЩΨԼſĻ
ִ֮һ˦ĽڵĹľһ⣬ʧӰڣֻʣֶһˣ
ڲԶǽϣһյ͵ƣ͵ƺȼǧ겻𣬴˿̻ζţɢĹâ
ӣҲӳյ
ϥУһץһ˸Уɻ֮꣬˻˫ۣȫƣȴŨŨĻҰ֮⡣
Ŵ˻꣬гɣȴҧ֮£ſ³һɫĻ֮ɻ֮ȼ
˻ܷãͿɷ֮ˣһܻ̽
ֿǱ֮Ƶɻ֮꣬úջĿ⣬˫Ȼպϣɣϸ΢ɲһ
ţתꡣ
ʱ䣬û֣ڣûжһ£ǳ֮УڣΪ֮תֻڹŵɽγɵһɹں֮ɻûתһ죬˿̣Ҳת˺̵ܶһְˡ
Ǳ֮ɻ֮꣬û̫ı仯ڵĻҰ֮ƣȴ
һУûȥ˼ڵΧػκ̤С
ƶû뿪йвãʱһЩ˴̸֮󣬴ż빧Ҵȥ
Уƶӷһ۳ʲôҪ֮Уÿ峿ֱչص⣬Ŀ¶ȣͣʱ󣬷Źȥ
һ죬е֣ڳɱչУһ˫ۣ˫Ŀصһɲǣ貵ľĿһš
صӰûȴϥվһߵ˶棬ϥ
бԴȫɺ۳ӣںһ壬ʹԲΪʵԴǿı֡
⼸ѾǼˣٽһʹΪ񣡣
ϥ󣬱˫ֵۣı壬һɡʱţꡣ
Ѿֱչصĵ꣬ٴγصӰһɱ¾Ϣ£ֵɱ¾ֱ߳һͷڷƮҡĮһϥ¡
˿ڵһĻ죬òһһ֣Ƕ˴˾Ŀɡ
ɻʻ꣬ķǻڵĻҰ֮ƣΪһ죬ǻҰ֮ȫֹͣɢʱ־ͿĽˡ
޺ֱֹۣ꣬չصĵھһ죬ֱγصӰӰл޷۳ӣڳ֮󣬻һģĹţƯһͣ١
˫ۣԼ߱Դ֮ʱ䣬ֽԼΪ֮ƽ˴˿̵۷壬ͬʱ߱Դ֮Ҳﵽ˸۷塣
ȫʢ֮ʱĵһһս·磬оԼӦѹһ
УĵһΪսܻȲõۣȴҲơʼһʦʵ޼Ĵ죬Ҳһսֻ֮ʤδ֪
⻹ûжǿǰ¡ɫƽĿ¶˼ƯڲԶ֮ɻʻꡣ
ҵ֮ȥգȻЩЧʱ仺֪ʱſɡɻʻ꣬ãջĿ⡣
ʱÿǣ䵱ڵŻʳʹΪ˿սٴԲĳ̶ȣɼյĲ²ȷģ
Ϊһɱ¾Ŀɱ¾ϣͫ¶֮â
裬ʦ𡭡˼ҵ߹طȡ㹻֮̾Ŀɱ¾ջأŵһڵķĿԴ͸ҵǽڣǵŻʳǵĵŵɽǲˡ
ãջĿ⣬˷ѡչأȻΪ;ص׼ҪԼΪߣҪӵսʤҪӵпԼ壬ǹŵ֮
ֻˣаգѡƶΪ𣬲ſڡ
Ҫǣ̫ڣȥƿһǵŹʦδ֪Ŀġ
ŵ̬ȣ֡ûһ֮ѰңΩǿ󣬲ǽһĹؼܰڶԷһ֮䡣Լɱ¾Ŀ⾼
֮·ȫͬһԼ߳ĵ·ҲΩԼſָԼȥһȥԼߵһ̶ȡ
ɱ¾ΪⱾԴ۶ԴѳΪ֣ȴֻдɶѡ
ɱ¾Ĭ̫ơУȻ̧һָɱ¾һָ֮£ɱ¾ͻȻһǰѿ
ȴʱ׵ƣεĵ߼䣬һŸһ֣Ȼһɷɱ¾֮⣬ư˷
ɱ¾Դ
һ˸صķģ䶯ЩԽԽ࣬ΪƱԴ
µһйâɢһһƬֱ̫Ĭ
ֱֻԴȫں֮ʹɱ¾֮ɣͿҵΪӿսٴԲٽһ
һҲԾ𣬵Ҳпܣ߶ǣ̤뵽һδ֪ľڡǴľ磡¶ڴ˽⣬νԾֻǿսٴԲ֮ˣһΪ̫ѣʶŻֳˡ
ʵϣҲãԾҲգӸϽǿսٴԲʿ
ĿһȻ̧Ŵҵһӣһ֮£ȴʱı仯ȻĻһ
죬ƣգȴû̫
ֲ˼һץס̫ԴŻĻﶥһӣһűԴֱȥǻûĻڣɢɹâ̫ͬ
̧ͷǻĻﶥĿ£Ļתתعı任أȥһǻ̫̫ԴΪϦʧ


2044 
ʧĻһ˲ץסĬԴһ֮£ڵĻڣʧˡ
ﶥûĻĿһ䣬˫̧֮Уڡ
¡Դ֮ͨתǧ±仯˲Ϣͨڶ֮УָǰѴ׳Դ֮ڡ
תΪʿ֮һ㣬ԻһƬأԷҹ͸Ϊˡ
˿˿һĻȻΪ֮𺳡
忪ٶ֮ͨԴһƬԼ硭ټҵ֮תĹ켣
ֻһڣпաֿﶥȴ̶̵ʱڣﶥĺҹĽ棬Ѿʮ֮ࡣ
ϣķʹ̫ĬԴĸһЩһĶͷʱԪֳһֱﶥȥڣȥǺڰ׽ı仯
һԪ񣬱㲻ȥǣ֮£ҲǶʱٴνԪջʱڸӵеһС
ƱԴֿǲϸֹطĵǽƱԴӵĹ֮ؿʼһֱ
ĬƬ̣ʦȥطЩط˴Ľ󷨣Щ׳ƱԴӵз츲һİס
̾һһָʱ˫ۣ֣һ֮£վ𣬻âƱԴڣ֣ںǻõĴ󷨣׳Դ
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¾Ĭһγ֣Գ¾ĬǵŹʦҲʶĿ¶ӣв²⣬ֻǲ²ⱻĵס
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ʼѹɱ¾Դڶýȥƽ⣬ĬԴʹɱ¾ǿͬʱ̫Ͻƣȥƽ⡣
Ƕɾ˱ԴӦѹƴﵽƽ⡣ңһİ취ૣɫ¶ϣ˿ݲôΪͱҪˡ
ɱ¾ԴԵ¶ĵһ˲䣬ȴ͵˫ۣĿУſɱ¾ԴһʱͽⱾԴУȫȻı䣬Ϊ˺ɫ
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˫Ŀ¶쾫⣬˫һָȴɱ¾֮һ֮£ֱֶ˲ص
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Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãһָ֮ʱɱ¾Ȼȫںϣ˿ص֮Ӱҧ⣬һѪһӣЩѪһģȻʹЩȫֵϡ
Ѫһͺ˫ĿȻպϣһ
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ĸţ׷׳Уûٳ˿ȻΪ̫ſһ㡣
΢ЩţڸܵѹֵͬʱԤе󣬻һѾõɹŴս
ⳡսд䣬ԾԼţеĽеģһˡ
ϣͬˣ壬ִԹŵܹĵչ˱սѹֵĸо£ĴҲչ
Ż壬޳ΪµĻֻ»ʣһİҪһЩʱȥӦ󣬲ſӵһС
Уʥ΢ʱ𣬴һ֮£ޣ޳Ϊ󣬾ͱչزˡ
תʱѾӽ̫񾳣˵ڲתʱȥתҪѹȴһжƽ󣬷ɰת
ʼһͬҲƵ⣬ϻ֮ڽӽչϵԼǹŵĻҪλλãˡ
һٶ꣬λʱ䣬λʼŻʼճĬûȨѡЩʼһĻӣ׷װĿ⿴
ƶΰݷãȴûһγɹ赲ԭʼɽ⣬ۿʱԽԽӽһһжӡ
ʱ˿̣ǼƶӵйУˣһΪƶüͷɫŽɲӡ
һٸٸͲʱƶĿͬҲн
֣ǰѾչһˡ븸λڣѾԽԽչӦλǰһ꣬ȷ»ʡ
ʱϿԤƾڣͻȷдٲѰǰһжˡٸ̾ǵڼƶߵǸŮڼʮǰˣʼһһλ콾֮˽Ϊףλ콾֮ˣʼһһǿߣҲΪ˼ƶĸ˿ٸһԣۿһС
Уλǰʮӣӵһ뿪̾չأӦˡı⣿˵֮ˣһµ꣬ٸķ
֣ٸΪ
˵ˣ常չǰԣκ鶼Ҫȥƶã̾һϵĿڡ
⡭ٸҧ´ƶϵӣѻȥ
ֻ꣬¶һ˿ЦȻΪδ֣дǰֲ
常ûгأһ׼Ҳȥһѣҵλ֣֪ˣǷ񻹻ȥѡһΪ𣡡ƶ¶һ˿⡣
һĸоٸһҪ˵Щʲôȴ˿ɬǰ֣һı仯̫Ȼİ
һƬž˼ƶĻҲĬ֮͵̧ͷҪ֮ʱͻȻһĪѹϢĽڡ
ѹһɫ䣬ƵȻ˾˵ı仯
һ޷ݵϢֱչصڳֱĻ
ԭգڴ˿̺Ʊһ㣬˴Ƭ֮Ű˷ȥ
󣡣
Ǵ常չ֮ش常ˣƶ͵վɫ¶


2045 ںϣ
ճͬĢһܺ¡¡ɢڸĻʹôؽ˺ڰ
һĪѹ·֮ʱ治ɵò飬ηѹ֮¡
йڣ˼ƶӵ⣬Щһ߱Ĺ֮һЩȻʥӵ˶ʮǡ
˿̣ѹ٣ǧһɫ԰ףӲڷ֮ѹ£޷ܡ
һʲôͨԲѹڣɫ䣬ΪҲ޷һ
ٸ޷վϣˮڶͷ
ƶɫֱչصһ꣬ʼղȥţǵΣҧԼһмȥܵѹڣ常ֵϢ
յڳķ䣬ȻڳӰȴӰһֻĳǳڻûĹâǹâɢһ˲˷ٴε֮ص䣬Ȼɢ޾֮ء
ԶԶһʼżƶй֮ȫ֣˿ڣʼ˲УԵֿѹӺƱһ㣬޷ƶ㡣
йеĽǧѹ˿һ壬ı־
Ǵڣȫˮڳһ۶ʪ˴룬ң¶Ȼݼ𣬾ǰҲû־塣
ѹһ֮䡣
йչ֮ˣһٶǰĴţ˿̲ĸڣ֮ǰĲ֮ʱɢȥɢѹ֮ˣһȣ
ѹɢʼһͬʱԶʼһĻʳ⣬һɽУһ
ɽΪԭʼɽɽţ֮ΣҪһ㡣
Ǵ޽ţһ֮ϣ˵ΪʼŵʼһʥأҲǴʼ֮ͨء
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󣬻һˣһ꣬òֿڣɢȡͬԶ
ΪԶѹ˿վȴͨһķʽܵˡ
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ΪʦһΣʦ޴ˣΪսǷûзڱУ
ܴ֮ŻʹȫˣΪûг֣ɱ˵Ż󣬹ŵʼû˿ﴫ˷ѽ⣬ҲˣΪʦûдҴѡδ
Ϊʦ˼ɵģǴˣǹŵ뷨ڴˣΪǣӣԶؼɢѹ˵ʼһĴ죬꣬ǻ
һԵ꣬˿ԥһ£ʵ
ʦأΪӦһǰ˰ɣȻҲ޷ѹɢ
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ںЩҪںϣǼѣȻʼһѡںû֪ͨҲδ̫ѱȲ뵽ʼŻУ˵ãΪʦҪһЩѵˡ˵˼ɹŵ뷨ϾҲǴһʼһػߣʼŷΧڣȨȥһΪв֮¡
Ŀһ˿ͻȻ̧һӡǣһָѹķ
⣡У֮Ĺһ
ͬʱǹϣӵλãӵнǧ̨׵ĹŵɽϣǸʵ¥㣬ڵӰϥĿ˫ۣʼŵķ
ںϣãӰɳƵԴƽ¶˿ϲŭ
ʼżƶйڵһУطȴйϿգǳû֮ɫ䣬һת˺ҹ
ڶ̶̵ʱڣںҹ仯Ŵ֮һйڴĻȴеȻһ˸ķģÿһģ̺˽ƱԴ֮
ʱ仺ţת۾ʱʱڣǽƷԽԽ࣬Ļڰ׽ԽԽƵȴʼûںϵӡ
ǳ˲ȵļǺڰ׵Ľ棬ͬʱҪһ㣬ǴĽƣǳҪɢĺۼ
ʱͻȻһ쳤Хȴйڣ磬翴òۣһ֮ȴ۳һӰ
ӰӣȻ֣
ȴֵı壬վؼ䣬ãֻг˴С͵һȴغ޾֮ĵɲǾͱкȻͣת۾ͻ˰֮
֮ʵϾ֮
ǰûͣ٣ٴ͵һȴ𶯣֣ˮʣľήؼĽԴ֮Ҳ֮֮С
֮ɢ䣬ӰٴȻǧɾˣ
ؼ䣬ǧɵ˫쿪бԴܵͬʱʹǺڰ׽ƽʹǷĽƵ˸лɢļ
ɾơ̫ĬԴոձȶһ˲ȴһŲб˻Ӵ˿Ȼ
˻һɷ񣬴һɾ֮ڴУʹô˿ʼһˣһ𶯣¶־塣
һ̣ǴڵļƶӣӲһѪ¶𺳡
޲T
ɫ԰ף޲Tֵһ˲뵽һйǰƶӵĴţӳʱҲ֣ȴǴ˴֮ӰʶʱĹʦɢȥ
֪֮˱࣬һٶȴǲ֪ΪΣʼһڣٴδ˳
˵λƶ֮԰й޽޲TڣΪ˿ӡģǵڹдܵ޲T
ƶڴ˵أƿѹ޲T˵ãȻĹʦǰŵ顣
˻ԽԽңʱͼУԶһ޴ӰһԲֻһֻ޴۾¶ײȫã˿ֺ̳ĶйϿյǱԴã޴ĶĿڣ̰֮һ
Բ޲T


2046 ̷¾Ĭ
Բȫã֮ƺ˻лһĳ磬ֱǧȥ
ӽ˻ԽӼ
ٵɲǣйڣڵУϥʼ̧ϣһСˣͬϥͬʱɡ
͵˫ۣһٶıչأȻһ㣬ɫƽ¶ϲŭ˫Ŀ˲䣬СˣҲ˫ۣĿ¶֮â֮һ
ֵڣС˹£ֿͷ˾Ŵ֮סСʧӰ
֮ܵȻУ̧ͷϷ¶һ˿Ц
ڶʮǰԴܣѰɱ¾ȫںϵεܣڱҳںϴһ֮꣡
ִֻ֮꣬һ˿ɱ¾ڳȴ֮֮꣬գ˻꣬Ȼˣ̧һָϿա
һָ֮£պȻ˾ޱ䣬ȴǺڰ׵Ľ棬Ȼһ٣ĽƵ˸Ҳɵֹͣ
ҲӰһ㡣
ͬģ˻޲TȫȻֹͣǰУ˻Ȼõӣֹͬһ㣬֮䣬ĿײУײУȴҲסˡ

һֶΪʩչ춯أ޲Tסɲǣڰ׽ָƷĻָָͬ
ţͼķӿⱻֹ޲Tȥ˲Ϣһһõڣ޲T뿪޾Ĺ⣬ۿɼٶȣеķĺȻСС롣
ȴĿڣײɢȡ֮ģһõӰӰģܿʵת֮£ͻһ֣
һһӰ¶΢ЦһǶĿ߳վ֮䣬ȫ̺˰ĽƱԴ֮
Ȼֽ֮۳ĽƱԴ
ͬʱֻǺڰ׽Ļڣһ磬˲Ϣⱻֹ޲Tڣ޲TӲٴСһЩǶĿУһγӰ
ӰȫɢĹâ̫ͬһ㣬ЦʵǶĿ߳վǽƱԴԱߡ
ְչأ֮Ե崴춴֮ȡתκҹ任۳̫Դ
ţȴǴ˺ڰĬԴصֱ޲Tȥ˲Ϣ޲TٴСֻ֮ǰӴһ֮ʱǶĿѪ˿߳˵߱Դ
ĬԴ
һʱ䣬Ե֮ͨʹ̫Ĭ˳Ϊĸ򣬿ԳΪʼ޷ЩⱾԴںһ𣬹ʶչܣս֮꣬ȥһ˿Ŀܡ
׻֮׻ڵ໥ǣûıܣȥںϣ
ڵ֣ơ̫ĬԴֵ˲䣬˫Ŀ¶֮⣬صӰкɫȫߣȴɱ¾֮ճ֣һ֮´͸ңֱնȥ
ȥ֮ʱɱ¾֮ɫĻεŰ˷ɢ˺¡¡֮
ٴεɱ¾Ȼ޷ֿ֮£Ҵɱ¾ԴҲ۳
ܷһͿһˣɫأ˫£ӴȻȥء
ֻɱ¾֮һ֮£ֱǱֹ޲TȥȻڣ޲TҵĲУۿɼٶȼСպһʧӰֻһ޴ĶĿƯڰա
ǶĿ޹⣬ԶԶһͬһ
ʱţһȴĿ֮ϳѷ죬պȻڣ߳Ӱ
һԴһһͷڷɱ¾
߳ɫƽ̧ͷգһɾ˵ϢɢϢǻأɱ¾ıԴ֮
ң¾ĬǺڷ֣૿ڡ
ͷĿɨأǴйڱĿɨһ˲̷ĲҽУⲻΪʹΪ־壡
һĿ־壡
ڣӲҲȫ־Ǽƶӣ˿Ҳǲ壬
ң¾ĬڷͻȻ̧ͷһͺ𣬵ʱһߴӴصйڴ
ڷֶеһ˲ĵͺͣ٣ɫ¶ʹ񣬳ᣬȴ͵תһ֮£һֱڷֶ˲Ϣʹܺɫ
ţƱԴ˫Ŀһһ֮£ĽƣγһƷ籩٣Ǻڷ䣬
ͬʱ̫ԴĬԴͬʱڰâ˲Ϣٽһһڷڡ
ң¾ĬǺڷɫ¶Ϊ˻صȴľ֮Ӱ֣ӣҪЩƳһ
û˿Ԧң¾Ĭ˻УڵصӰ磬ȥΪأ
ڶߴʹǺڷһͬʱ˺ڷֵϿգǧȻСӴ֮һֻ֣ѹڷ֡
¾ĬǺڷ͵̧ͷ˫Ŀ¶֮⣬Ҫ˲䣬ڵܷԲڣ̳һɾѹѹڣһӴٿ֮ݺݵǺڷֱѹȥ
һ̣ڷֵ󣬳һ޲TӰ޲Tķѣȴ˿ǣӣѹ£ںϣںϣǺڷϵصӰȻɢ롣
ֵĵڶ¾ĬӴ֮㽫֣ĳһ֮Уĳ֮¾ĳ֮꣡
¾Ĭ̷
һƵڻصɲǣȴڷ޲TӰķȫںϣڷֵĸصӰ֮ȫӴ˲ֱ˴ˣ
ѹɢȥ糣ڷɺڷվ̧ͷ
̷¾Ĭƽ͸޾䣬û˿ֵɱ𣬻òһضһ֮УΪ֮־塣
̧ͷУĮĿԶһɨһ֮£ƿԴԽ޾룬ֱʼŻʳԭʼɽһ˵ţϣϥ˿һ𾪵죡
ãһʶվɫһץסȻ𣬾˲䣬ϥһţǣȻ̮ʯ䡣


2047 ̤·
޲Tڣ޲T֮걻սںɱ¾֮ɲǣڵļƶһһѪ
Ѫ˲䣬һεķӡȻ򿪡
ƶ˫֮âܸܵԼһѣȫ˫ۡ
⣬֮䣬ڷɱ¾ջ˿ʼŻʳԭʼɽĿ⣬ĿһƬĮ
Աߣɫâת
òһ˵ĸоȴȻͬ
һΪһͣȴǿߵѹ
ɱ¾һѪȣ͸飬֮ĺҽӴ
λһƽǴڴؼ䣬͵ĵͷйңһΣɫֱضȥתʧ
ɱ¾ͬû˿ԥɣһͷڷƮҡһ±紵򣬻أһƬ˿ɢ
йڵУϥǰɱ¾ƽվ˫Ŀ¶֮⡣
Уɱ¾¾ҪұںϹλΪܷ֮ǰĿսٴԲһ
ΪٴߣҾͿȫɻڵ֮ײٿش˻꣡ĿջأҰУǱ֮˰ɻ֮꣬˻˸䣬ڵĻҰ֮ȻӣǱӤȭͷСһţɻʻڣ޷
ҵȫͬսٴԲ󣬻Ծ˼ӽȥĳƺţʵϣҲãԾҲգȫڿսٴԲķ롣
ÿһΪߣǰվֺ֡ȻڴҪ֪ԼΪߣôӿսٴԲһ׻ﵽһʲôĳ̶ȡ
ôǡĿ¶ȣ
ǡĲֻؼ䣬еĲôĪˣǵĲĿ˸Уѹеڴ֮У̧һָȻ䣬һ˲Ϣصϥʱȫһ壬ֱ˴ˡ
ںϵһ˲ְ׷޷ԶΪȻתɲУʹ˿սٴԲҰıչУΪȻ磬۷֮ʱ
Ǻڷɱ¾ҧ֮£Ŀ¶ϣ̧ɱ¾һָȴɱ¾͵̧ͷĿ⿴̧֣Ųһ
ת֮£ɱ¾ٽ֣Ųûͣ٣ϥӰصתϥֵȫصں
ںϵĹ̳н¶ãͬʱΪȻӣһ޷ݵٶȣر仯ʹֵΪƴĳƿųԽ˿սٴԲһľ磬Ȼȥ
УΪ˲ϢͳԽ˺ƶνǲϵ£ֱӴﵽνԾƺš
ڳû˿ҪͣٵļĿеãԽԽŨʧȥǣһõĸ֮ڡ
ΪϵԾζȹһޣٴӿȥһޣǴ֮ޣ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãɱ¾ֱںϣ˿Ȼ˴룬ֻʣ²صƺܿͿȫںΪһ֮ʱĿ¶һƬ⣬ǹâµ˫ۣȫã벻⡣
Ժһֺѿһ㣬оԼƮ͸ƣ͸ң֮ϡ
գǱһƬûǳãأڴ˿֮ʱֻʣһڣŴأرһƬ͸
գձһƬϸܵĵȴһϸƣһϸߣÿһӵ
졭ã죬ֻһϸߣչȫȥҲֻǿ޾ϸ֮󣬻Ÿϸޱ޼ʣûоͷ
ãҪϷȥָоԼ̤ƬޱͿǿսٴԲһ
һһķԾһ侪˵ɱ䣬绯ɵƿɳһĻָоΪǿңԽ̣һ
ĬƬ̣͵̧ͷĿоܻãȴǹϣ˼޾Ȼȥ
һ·֮죬ԼҲ޷ȴⲻϵǰУ뵽纣һ޾֮ڣЩ壬ȴǰС
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãֵǰޱ֮Уһţ
׼ȷ˵ⲻһţǾ
ڴ֮󣬻һʺһ󣬻Сһʺһţڲã֮ڣɢһɺĹϵϢ֪˶£ص֮ʱǾʹˡ
ңԶĵھźһƬ֮ĻأɼӰڣϸʱȴʲôҲһƬģ
̤֮ţૣǰһ£һ޴ʯʯϣĸ֣壬죬һδ˿ȴڿĸֵ˲䣬Ժڱĸֳ京塣
ʯϣĸ⣬һСֳ֣ĬУ˹ȥ
̤·꣬ݣ
һ㱣˵еĲڣΪ̤죡
վǵһ⣬֮Ļ㱽ɢ˫Ŀ¶⣬ֳĬ͵̧ͷǵһȥ
һһǵһſƺܽʵȥȴʱվ֮ʱڿһŵһС
ţõģûκʵʣԿʶȴ޷ܣɢĹϢ޽
̤֮ş̌ǰһȴ׾ٵĴ͸ȥһУַǰϸһ
ȴУһЩӨĹâƣÿһڣ˰з»صǵһڡ
˫ۣվֱ˫ĿȻأŲ̧һ̤һţ
ϴŵһ˲ĸܵԼڴ˵ص֮壬ͬһ㣬дط򣬱˽⣬ָоδйվϣһ
ãĺһŵĿ⣬¶һ˿졣
Ųǰһȥߵһŵľͷʱعı仯ȻӡУĥ
̧ͷԶңԶĵھźģ֮˿һﻨĵطڵӰȴģм˶
ĬУһţǰ̤ڶţȥǿҵĸоԼ߹ţ֮ڵһ֮ʱͿͻƵ̤Ǵ˵е̤֮ڣ


2048 һİ
һڶ֮䣬ǿƺܽʵϣָоһֱɳպ󣬲ڶ¡
ţ֮һҪӴϣվ£ûԥһϣŲµһ˲䣬֮Ҫһ㣬ΪҪ̤ϴţʸһ㡣
УԺƱըת֮䣬ʶ걻뿪˴صһƬ½Ǵ½ϤʮޣҲʮмһƬãؼ䣬һĺڷת
Ǻ˾Ÿ޴ӣӳһŵ״
Žգûд򿪡
̤졭Ƿ̤졭ָܲԼĴڣ·ĴأĬУķȥʮޣȻı䣬Ȼʮޣʮ
ڣţħЫиڣһޣЩƷֵĴĿ⣬˿˻䣬ĸܵڿ־壬ǿ־Уȴǻĺ塣
ʱֱչسս֮Ǵ˵еľһ̣ϣͻȻ΢ʮ޶𶯣һɹѹɢʿһܵͬʱãȻ֪ʲô顣
ѹ֮ڵĵطһǸ𶯵ģ
ԽӾңϵǿߵע⣬ǺȻһ𣬿أȴڵڣѹ֮޵Ļ꣬Ȼ˲ȵļ󣬾ص𶯣ͬʱҪûֵĲ˼һĻ
ţϣһ޴ţһ֣ӴӰãţޣ޴ţĿ¶ͬʱ־ģȴǰ󣡣
֮ϣܵڣͷųɣ
ţĳ֣ʮѹ֮޵Ļ꣬½ڸ޻ûһЩ˵ȻΪĴڣҲһһ֣˵ǻûӰһƬģǿ־͸˻ȴͬľˡ
ڼʿ˸⾪춯صһĻãȻУȴǾţǵĲԽӵľңŻûһ޳˻Ҫһң
ʲô飡һڣǵһһɶվؼ䣬ɫУһ˿֣ΪĸܵʮޣȻȫľ䡣
ǰǴɽڻûһŲֽ趯˻
ģѾôлڣ׷ʲô飬Īǻʹǵѹ⣡һǾ
ͬʱǱ֮أ⿴Զؼһ޴ıˣͬһ̺˾֮⡣
ڣ˫Ӵɳأüͷ
ڣɽУõ۴˫֣صһĻ糣˫ͫ׵ȴǽ˿̵𾪱¶
عûг⣬ɳ˯ˣҲһֱѹʮ֮ꡣھõ󣬺ϥӱĿ˫ۡ
ô׷ʲô飬Щװ֮飬ϧһе˻𣬰ǸӦʲôõ䣬ȴһֿ־壬֮ϣȴʲôҲ
ֻʮ֮飬찧󡭡
ӳĬ˫УڳһСˣϵͷӵüͷȴǽ壬һ
ĿһͻȻҧ⣬һѪС֮ϣС̳ΪѪɫĵͺźٴοͷ
һΣȻһһļ䣬ɫ˲Ϣ԰ף¶޷֮ɫ
Ǹܵһ̤֮Ŀ½ϣǣ
ʲôõɫ䣬Ҳ޷ĵ͵̧ͷգͻȻëȻ֮У죬ʲôҲȴƿó˿̣һĿ⣬ע½עԼ
̤졭⡭⡭õһΪ޷ٿһ㣬ʹ˥ϣ˲Ϊ꣬ٴλߣϵر仯Ա¶ľ
أʮ֮Լ־͸˻ǿˣĴϣһ𺳣ľ֣˫ӵĲ⣬ԵɽУõ۵Ŀ⡣
ǣȴܲĴڣֵĿ⣬ʱӾõɨ˿̣ҲǾõۣëȻһ˲
˺ӡǻʹµĵعУɽǡ
ãμǰǰֺηԸضȫɣɽ֮ϣõɫ԰ףѸٷգȻһݡ
ԴӳΪ˴󣬴δ˰ݹ˿̣ȴǱ־ɫΪȥ
ֻǣȴûеõκλֱʮ޻û֮Ӱ˻Ϊ˾İһһɢʹôػָ糣𶯺󣬺ڡ
ˡѾˡ
õŴ˻ɹİֱֹȥһ̧԰ף¡
ջ˿Ŀ⣬֮ǰţʱʱйҪǾȳͷȴ
ĬУĿ⣬˹ķĿµɲǣ壬֮ǰһ𶯡
زʮڣʮһһûڣǱ˲޲T
޲T˿Ӱȫûͷ­һ޴򣬿һ㣬ββҲһǾ֮࣬˻͸֮⡣
޴ӱչھѣ̷ɳصһĻ
ʼһ죬˿ڰУʮı仯Ŀɿڴ
⡭Īйأܣ˾˵һĻ˿
һУصλ𣬴˿ҲչصĵطĸһĻ
ֿһУĿǹŵɽϣǸʵ¥֮ڣ˶㣬һƬƵӰ
һ̾ϢӰд˫ۣĿһƬƽ̧ͷյһ˲ƿֵĿ⡣
Ŀһ˲ҲӦˣλ½ĵһǿߣĵȷȷԼ
յһ㾳硭ڣڵڼϣеӰڡ
ڶţءֳĬƬ̣Ϊǿڣŵò
ڶǰ̤˵ţһֱڵֹ
ȹ˵ھţǷǵĲƽʵ
Ҳ֪ṳ̂ھšеӰ˵
ûˣأ
Ƕ̤˵ڰţڵھšֹ
̤֮ţһʲôĵطʳɻ
½ܴ󡭡⣬иĴ½ҵ⣬̤֮ţǶ飬һͬĵ·ŵ̾һУһ˿ãҲ⣬⡣
ֳĬջĿ⡣


2049 ֹ
ֵĿ⣬̤֮ϻջأһۣǹ֮䣬Ĳã֮ڣǾŸɵ̫֮ϡ
ֻǼվǵڶ̤֮ϵΪ̫񾳣ǿƴ̫񾳵ĴڣҪԶԶֵ
Ǿ籩һĲã֮ãֱ˫ۣ˫Ŀպϵһ˲䣬Ŀʧ½ϡ
ٴ˫ʱվδ֪ռ䣬Ӵĵڶ̤֮ϣֻǵͷʱֿԼܻվڴϣȴףĩ
֮ǰһУǼ߹ŵĹһ˲䷢λò棬ֱ治ˡ
̤֮ţԶǵġֱھţǵھźģõľ壬ңԶſţҲңԶ·һţһԽĸ߷壬ɽ£ɵֹͷ
ͷһ޵ķŴֱֵȫĵһૣͷ뿪ҪȥҪµš
վڶŵĩˣֻ̧һͿ´ţ̤˵ڶţһȴʼ޷̧
ʱ仺ţƹȥ˺ܾúܾãվǰɫһƬƽȴ̾һҽ̧һ£߳ڶţ߹̤ڶţ
ôĲᣬûһ֮⣬ûػִţһУӦˡૣԶ̤ţһȥ
ǵţңԶֺֻܽ죬ûߵ£죬ˣٴ죬ȥԶǵţǺңԶֺܽ
ֱھֹͣ˽ŲվԭأĬƬ͵̧ͷĿ¶֮âı˫ۡ
ȥʶȥӦĿзʶȥǵλãȥǵڵķ򣬶ƾ̧Ųȥ
һһ߳ھŲһ˲䣬Ȼ߳͵Ĺâ͸ƤӳͫС
ıǼ䣬ŵһķ㣬ϤĸоϢľмζ̲ݵ
ĽŲһ١
ôˣ
Ҫúö飬ˣԺûгϢɾȫˣɱһⱲӾʹڴˣ
ˣ߶߶Ҫ˵Ǽһܿϡ
ǧ꣬ڴ˿̻صôʵƴ֣صǧǰɽС
־վŵ۽ǲ֪ˮĵһϵأ˫ۣȴһԼĵ
ͬʱֵҲ˿˫ۣôͻ̤Уֹˡ
һţعʶڣڶţ̤֮Ŀȴʵļ񡭡֮ǰʺãΪǵڶĩˣĳɣڣˡ
ţħļᣬһ·߹ȥƾһ续˿ô߹š
һ˫ۣҪֱȥħԼһһ߹ŵİգ޵ļ١
Ƕߵڣ۽ǵˮ࣬ȴǴ˿û˿ĳɣ˫ۣ˫Ŀһ˲䣬ϤᣬϤԺӣϤϷŷˡ
һԣǹڵļ£ƵĸףĿ£͡
ĸףŸȳķˣ߳ͷһЩ׷࣬ڷأֻǿˡ
ĸ׻˿ֵУĸףԶıܷĵط
ŵϤһĻĻ־ᣬȴ¶΢ЦǰһУ˫Ŀ󣬻ɢֱޣ֪Ǽ٣ҲҪȥһۡ
һĻΪ飬վڵڶ£ţңң
ĵﲻʿֻǷˣ޷ֻأһõĹֻˣֵļ䣬ȴ㣬ĨȥΪҪҪ
֣֪Ǽ֮Ҳ֪Լ᲻˫ۡ
ĳ֣֪Ǽ٣Ҳɻۡૡ
˭ƶļ䣬öħһĴڣҪ˫ۣȥᣬҪһżᶨĵģħӰ졣
˭涨Ҫᶨģſɶȹ˵š
˭϶߹ŵΨһ˫Ŀһ
飬飬飬һĴڣҺαҪĿҪ˫ۣȴһУȥ򿪵ģһУٴǰȥ
Ų֮ٴο˸ĸӰٴξŲľüٻ÷ĽǾŲƽǿĺӣԼִ֣ţȴĶԼ˵޵Ϊ鸸һӣֻ¸׹¶ıӰҪ¶ȥôϣڸ׵ıӰԱߣĴڡ
ֿ˾ͽϣˮ˶죬ȸ˺ܶж֮ˣǣһףûбĿһ·ȥ
ͷ˪ءȵ֮ˣƴЩ˵ĳ֣Լһ
һ·ȥУûпԼˣЦˣʹˣˡһԼҲ֪˶ã֪ʱ˵ţǰһУȫɢվ˵ŵĩˣվ̾һͷһãתһ˵š
ңԶĵطǵŵڣ˳俴ȥǸԶĵطھźãһ˿ֻ޷͸ֻԿڵӰˡ
ŶһĻǷſ޹Ц׷䣬ǰȥպǰ̤š
ţ֮ǰΪӴ󣬿ȥȻĿռڣһѹɢܡ
ŴţĬƬ̧̺ŲŲµһ˲䣬ҽȴֱӴ͸˴ţһա
ͬʱ̤ţǰȻһ𣬻㾧⣬ʧͬʱ־УγһĪֵ֮Ӱɣʧ
ֱɵһɲǣ½أʼһʮе޲Tƶйڣϥ֣͵˫ۡ
Ŀ¶ãþòɢϣɱ¾Ȼȫںϣ岻ֱ˴ˣû˿صӰ
鱾ԴĹƯǰɻ֮걻֮ڣһƬ
ֻ΢ٵĺ
̤·꣬ݡ̤ţֻ߹ţڵţֹ̧ͷϷĿеãɢᶨȡ


2050 ڡס
˫۵һ˲䣬ŵɽǸ㣬ֵӰһ̾
Сİꡭ
½֮ǰʮɢ֮ƽ½Ψһ֪¶ߵĴõۣȴĲǴУҲʱ̧ͷգ¶η
һģһִ˵еľ磬ȴʼû߳һ
ŵ֮ǿߣһһ֪Һʱһ졭õ۳Ĭɫӣ̾
ɽϣ˿̺һ£վɽۣɽ紵趯Уɫ¶Ի
֮ǰУܵһϤûжԾõ˵ҲԼϤǴ
ϣʼһĻʳ⣬ԭʼɽϣ죬˿ɫ԰ףӵĿԶ֪Щʲô
ʦʦ𡭡󣬴ԥ
ұ죡ûлͷĻ˿̵ʲôȥҪú˼һ£ŵĹʮ䣬Ƿֵıչй
ԼΪϵȴһͷһйҪıһЩ˼
ˣȥǣƬ̺Ŀһ̧һָգ̾ͼǰմһ˷֮Ȼʹ÷ɫУȴһ޴ѷȻĻڱ˺
һĪͷ­ѷ˳ͷ­ȫɫͷ˫ǣȻһħĺħȫ˻𣬴ѷֻ޴צӣ䣬ѷٴ˺˴룬˳
壬֮ߣ߳˻쵥ϥ¡
ǰӴĹħĿһڶͷһģʱһ˿ü˸ɳֱǹħüģʧ
ϥ£Ŀǹħȴ˫¶쾫⣬͵̧ͷɫ¶һ֮£»صѷڣһץѷ첢£ʧ
ħʧͬʱ޲Tڣĺ¶ᶨһڵΪ֮üͷ΢
ԼҲֱ治壬ԼʲôΪѾͻ˿սٴԲȴڴоνĴƾԼľ磬Ҫ벽
벽ƺ̣ܶʵϣȴԿԽһ֡
벽̤쾳ôüģǰ֮˰ɻ֮꣬˻ӤȭͷСţ֮ǰΪʼȫ
˿Ŀһ̧ɻ֮һץ˻̷ڣץס˻˲䣬ֵ֮ʧУֻʣɻʻ꣬Ŀڡ
Ŵ˻꣬¶Źִ֣Լ̫£Ϳ׵ɢɻʻڵһ
Ȼڲ࣬ҵ걻õ۵˷ɢټְйأˣ֮ǰΪҲ֮ڶ󣬲ſ
ĿеĹŹ֣ʳָɻ֮꣬һָ͸ȥ˻һŻ
ɢڡ
һֳڵɲǣȴ̳Ťû֮УͻȻֵʳָʳָӿɻʻڵŻС
ŻȻۿɼٶȣɢڡ
׵ľɢС࣬˫¶֮âʱɻʻû˺˫ĿһҪ˫ۡ
ûг֣ǿɻ֮꣬˫ۿԼһ˲䣬¶ݵãȻ󣬻һԹݡ
֣һƻ𣬵˵һȴ΢һ
־û˿Ӱ죬ɻ֮һ㶣һµɲǣץ֣Ȼһ
һУһɴɻʻڣһһɻ棬׵껯һۿҪɢȴ˫¶⣬һץؼ䣬Ȼһ޴ͷ­
ͷ­֣һɽɫĹâɢأŨŨ
ԻΪڣֵһ˦ɻƣ͸ңֱյͷ­ȥ
ֱͷ­ϣ
Ȼվһ֮£ڰڣһ߳ң֮䣬ͷ­ǰ˫̧һӡ
ͷ­棬Ȼһ־޴̫̫Ǻڰ׶ɫֻûĴʵһ㡣
֮ǰΪһ㣬Ӧ֮Ϊڻͷ­ҵĴ֮ڣһͿʹҵĴ֮ȫ۳Ŀһ˫һͷ­У֮ƽͷ­ϣͷ­
˿̣һƬʣѹְ˷֮£ԶҲܡ
ȴֵĲϴӡ£ͷ­ԽӾңһϸܵѷ֣ͷ­ȴû鿪Ҳûڻļ
Ĭ˫ͻȻſڣ³һɫ棬˲Ϣͷ­ŷȼ£ͷ­ڻ
ڻһֵ̣ĺڰ׶ɫ֮ͷ­ڣǿҵĹâٵ
ֻͷ­ڻٶȣȴлʱţͣ͡
߹̤ڰŵ棬ô꣬һͷ­ૣҲǹ˭ɱΪ棬ȴû˿
վҲֻһͷ­ˡ̧һץ֮£ʵĻڣȻһ䣬ϸ˿ûЩϸ˿˿ΨΪ˴֮󣬲ſܣҪٿأȴǾҲֻ˱Եѡ
Ҳֻ̤һ̤һź󣬷Ĵڳȡá
ѹִйŵԻɱҾ˵ǰһվеĴλ֮࡭
Ȳٿعɱ𣬲ѣĿ
Ͼ߹˵ڰ֮ˣͷ­ںϵҵĴ֮ڣΪҼǿһ뷨
ҲʱգͻȻ˺֮ȴһ޴ѷ챻ƾ˺ĺѷɢʱһ˶Ĺħͷ­ͬӴȻ
ħ˲䣬ɫȻһ£ħܵ˴˵ص죬ɫͻȻ䣬ԶָûԼһ󣬺ץסϸ˿֮£Щϸ˿ȫͷ­ҧ⣬һѪЩϸ˿ڴͷ­С
һɲǣͷ­һʼ˴ڻϵıֵĴ֮գģڰ׶ɫĴ֮ٵʵУ˵ɫɫ
ٿع򣡣⡭⡭ͻȻֵĹħŵļ


2051 ʮ
𣬿عıԵ仯ƾԼǿܽЩܵı仯۳ʵʣνУ
ҲУһõģʵģȴȥһץعģǿеΪԼãȻǽãһָߵĲΣٿع
һ㣬ļУΨйŵһȥݼʱۿƵһĻ
ⲻܣһ˿ӴĹħ¶ţ޷ȥԼһУıΪΪǵ֣һαչغӵ˾˵Ĳٿط֮
ħյѷ߳һɲǣȫԺ˲ϢһƬհףû˿˼ڣΨһڵģַһץĶǰ˷عһĻĻ
ħĳ֣û˿⣬ûȥһۣǰڻͷ­ͷ­֮ǰһѪع£˿Ȼڻ˴롣
ЩڻĲ֣ȫıĴ֮գʹôڵĽ⣬ԽԽɫ֮ĻϣųĹâ
ͷ­ۿɼٶСڴ͸Ƭ̺󣬺ȻֻʣС룬Ȼͷ­һŴĿĽ⡣
ԽԽСֵĴ֮ɫԽŨǿٵʵͬʵһ㣬ͷ­ȫڻɫ֮֮󣬴ΪĴ֣֮ΪĴ
ң½ϣ˹ŵ֮⣬еĵڶǿ
Զ̺ڵĹħ˿̵ӻлԸȥſһУǰʵȴòţ˿𶯣û˿ԥˡ
ûԼٶȣȻֱ֮ǰ˺Ļѷ죬Ҫ֮زز
Ϊ𣬴˵ĶûһսȻ⣬֮ǰٵӰȽϣӶݵӣ̫
ħٽѷ죬Ҫߵ˲䣬һͻȻ֮ڡ
ôô
ĳ֣̺Ĺħһ֮£һ㲻һеչȫ١
صһɲֵĿ⣬Ŀ˹һǹħϣʱħܵأȻһϸ˿û֮£ֱӲħϣӲУȻֹһ
ں֮ǰй²⣬عйأ˿ΪȴȻƾһĿ⣬ô˲֡
Ŀⶨסģħڵһ޷˿ת
ͬʱԶʼһʳԭʼɽϣϥ죬͵˫ۣɫ԰ף¶һ˿Ȼ̣ҲǣԪ
ԭʼ󣡣û˿ɣ˫Ŀɲǣ̴һͺǵͺУԭʼ׷ʼһǿߣһ׷ڴУѸٷ𣬸֮ȫ
ʦ𡭡֪˺£ʦӣȴǸоΪѹֲ֣֮С
죬˿ĪҪҪΪĻλܿԭʼ󣡡͵תһۣ䡣
˷ѾʧܣһʼŻ𣬾ͲˣǼƶҲбŭ˵һΣֱգУ̧·͵һץʱԭʼɽϣһɽڴ͸𣬳УǺȻһѾ޴ս
ս⼣߰ߣòסȴǺȻһ˻սڴ֮л꣬ܣâӳ£ʹɫ˹졣
ȫԸ׼֮ʱ޲TڣǼƶй֮ϵؼ䣬췢һ˵ĳХ
䳤ХУ˷أɫɫ䣬ڻС룬˴ĿĽɫŵͷ­ڿʼڻ
ԽԽСƬ̺ͷ­ֻʣȭͷСǴ֮ȫʵ֮Ҫʵ١
ȭͷСĽɫţĿ¶⣬һ֮£ȴ̧·йһץǴйе֮ԴȻ͸ҷɳֱֶ˲Ϣٽ֮ڡ
˿̣ȫԴλڴ֮ͷ޷Զһɾƣ£ɫŭڻȭͷС­³һ䱾ԴϢ
ϢΣΨԼԸӦϢȭͷС­һ˲䣬ǲ­ʱҵĲȻڻ
ȫڻ׵ʧֵɫ֮ȫں󣬴Ϊʵ֮
ɾʹ֮ʹ֮죬գӴ֮ʮ̫ڣ⣬һˣΪ־֮ǰֻ˵ֻĴ
֮ȫʵһ˲˫̧˫գɫ֮ƱһֱǸ߸ϵĻȥ
ԼĴ֮Ļֵ֮ԺУɵĸֳˣڶ磬һ˿ʶ½һοգǾŸ̫졣
𡭡УԼĴ֮صĸߴɫǿҵĹâһ˲䡣
½˿̴塢ڣԼĴ֮պǣд֮
ϣһڡݡϡǵɽĸطһ˲Ӵ̫ն½գɢâ
ţǻʹڣһֽɫ̫Ȼ֣ΪĻϣĵ
ͬʱڹϣޱչصգ޵Ĵ֮ûնǼһĻʳڣصļŴͬĻϻû
ʼһĴ֮˿̲ٿصģûֱĻȥ
ճֵģǹŵɽϣڹŵ½һɲǣȻʮ̫
ľŸ֮ǵĳֲǲٿأֵĴ֮պлû໥ǣһ㡣
еĴ𶼲İ½ϣһɻʴ⣬֮˳Ϊ󣬳ֵ
ʱеĴ֮ûϣʹ½֮ĴĸܵĴϢ
Ļϵʮ̫ԵĴС֣ģȻڹŵĴС൱ڳֵɫ⣬ȫ
εģֵɫܲŵô󣬵ҲнһСɢǹŵĹâ
常𡭡޲TйУƶ¶δйǿҼ֮⣬ǴЦ


2052 ս
֣֣һڣһ˻˻͸ķŭ˷
˻У˷ŭ֮⣬һɿ־ɵ֮⣬֣һǵعڵһĻĻʱ־ȻΪǿΪ˴󣬴˿̵֣жǿ
ӴĽڹŵ͸ֵʵ
ûȥ̫񾳡ȻƾͳΪĴ𣡣֮ޣ֮أɫ㱣գãá
ڣСŮ˿һϲ֣ͬʱĻ
Ϊ˴𡭡
ǵɽϣõ۴Զķ𶯣ɫ԰Уһ˿ɲ
ڵعʱӵͷ­ɫڰ׽ǽɫȻںͷ­ɢ
˵Ϊ𣬲̫˸о⣬ֻǡֻǣһ꣬ͷ­ڻ
Ϊ֮ʱõһϵĴУΨһ֪֮ǰʮ޻ҵ࣬뵽Ŀ⣬ɵֳΪϵһ
ӦáܵģõĿ¶ɵ
ӣǵɽһǣգɫУ̺һ˿
ͬǣǻʹµĵعУɽǣһ
ϣֳΪ˴ͬһңǾҵģʼһԭʼɽһɬ֮ǰħ׼˿ȴһ
һĻʳڣչصޣֵϢϣ¶΢ЦǿģЦ
޲Tڣй֮ϵУ˫ַ£һ֮УɫɢֻĻеĲӰԶڣΪ½Ĵ־
ػָ糣ܵĹ֮ɢȥһʱйڷɳ磬ǰģǼƶӡ
ѹĵļٽְʱ̵ϥڡ
ϲ常Ϊ𣡣
μ𣡡ڼƶٸ꣬һڸǲסĿе𾪣ֵϥ¡
ϾƶȻˣ˲վݡ
ҵȣμ𣡡˻йڼƶһȫϥһݡ
Щ˵һ𣬻ˣܻ
ڰУ·ˣǰļƶķ򸾣¶΢Ц˵ͷ˫ĿƽɨǱԶĹħһȥ
վǹħǰ̧ڹħüһ㣬һָ£ǹħӲɫ¶ʹ࣬ȴһƺüɢȥǹħʹ֮ɫ٣ָǣֵĿ⣬˿־壬֮Ҳָжϥֵǰͷ
ƶҴȥ죡̤ħͷͷһۼƶ
ƶһ͵̧ͷ֮޷ѹƣ֣Ŀ¶м
л常ȫƶһΣǹħͷվǰֵıӰⱳӰߴ󣬵ȴһɽĸоӰڣͿԳΪʼŻ𣡣
ӴĹħַԸһ˻תƶ˫ֽĻʱ˺ѷٴ˺һЩ͵ȥʧˡ
ʧĻϵѷ죬Ҳ£һߣɢȥ
ʼһʳ⣬ԭʼɽϣ֮ǰһָڹħüģڵĨȥԭʼɽϵ죬һɫв԰ףƬ̾ͻָ
ɫǰѾ޴ս̧ͷգȣ֪Լ֮ǰľٶʹֱض
֮ǰûг̽ΪüƶΪҲԾɻˣ찵̾һսûаȡʤսѡӣΪ
ԭʼɽϣ˿кȴɽ屻һƬʵϢƣУǧڣ͸һɱ֮⡣
дԭʼѹŵս˾ǿԲٿ֮ҲӦһսʸ񣡡ƽգȴֵĵ
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ʱţת۾һ㣬ʱͻȻԭʼɽϿĻһ޴ѷ¡һ˺һȱڣ䣬Ǿ޴Ĺħ
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Ŀ⣬һɲ͵Ŀ֣ͬʱ˫ۣҲƶĿһ
֣һ˦ڡ
ĳ𡣡΢΢һЦȭ˵
ĪҪ˵ϻ˵Ŀģĳ֪һսսӮĳָƶΪĻ𣡡İ̾û˵ԼʤĽ˵꣬Ȼһӣԭʼɽڵǧһ˻𣬻ֱֶȥ
ͬʱץסս̧Уһնȥ
Ϊ֮һҪ߳һЩ޼ǿߣǰսʤδ֪Ҫչ޷ȫһս
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ǧɢָĵڶУԭʼɽ󷨣Ȼ飬ʵƱ˺ѳݣɢУԭʼɽȻһ󷨵ʼһǿߣһѪɫή
ͷƤĸоȴסĿ¶⣬ǰգץսһնȥ
˿ֵָ̣ͷ˵¡
һƾճ֣õȭͷȻûǰȭͷȫϸ˿ɣعһȭ£նһһ
֮춯أǸһ֮£ѣһƬȻԶĴϣɹ۵ȭͷͬһ𣬽ֳ֡
һѪӵŵŵ˰ɣ͵̤ԭʼɽϣɽһ𣬳һѷ졣
ֵָһ٣ָϳһ׺ۣȴûлƤ
̺˹սֿһԶսƬ̧һץЩƬХֵǰںϣ˲䣬һսٴγ֡
ҪսôֵĿ⣬ƽϡ
ΪβսЦһֱնȥɲǾվ֮䣬̧·ԭʼɽȻһץ
ԭʼɽҵĲƱһץ֮£Ӵ̧
ӴɽɳǰڵˣһֵĿһС
ǴʼŻʳǵĻʹڣдĳХֱ˵أ


2053 ȫ
ֿڰǴصԭʼɽ̧ʹõ𶯣кڹɽɢ
ɫƽȥ
ȴɽԽԽߣֱȫƯ֮䣬Ϸͣ춢̧֣ɽһ
֣ܽ±ԭʼɽ֮ս䣡һȣ͵һӣȴǾ޴ԭʼɽȻֱֶȥ
ɽΪԭʼΪأʼһһɽ壬꣬С˿䣬ĳڴɽ֤ΪʼһһȥɽĳУɽԷһѹ֮
֣£
غ䣬ԭʼɽХˣ˲ϢֵϷѹɽΪ죬ڽУĿصһйϸߣڴɽʱһɢƴɽع⼫ų⣬໥档
¶⣬վ½趯׷ٵɽ壬ͻȻסɽȻһȭȥ
һȭն䣬ɽŰһǺ֮䣬ȴɽһ½ٶ٣ȴɻ³
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˼΢΢һЦԭʼɽѹͨһָо˵ƣֻһָñָر̮ɱУԭʼɽȴ÷ָӳֻܱѹ
Ǵ½֮ǰŴûߣÿһ𣬶иԵĲͬͨ
ԭʼɽ֮ų򣬿Դﵽһָķָռ䣬ܲȴХԽԽɽ壬
˫ĿһΪؼ䣬ɵ֮ˣǹŵ֮⣬޵ڶߣֲϣԭʼɽܲҲǲˡ
ɫƽ̧ϷХԭʼɽһָȥ
һָǹһָͨ
һָ䣬ɫ䣬Ƶ䣬ⱻԭʼɽָĿռ䣬̷˺죬ȴܣһۿɼѷ죬ѷԽҲҪһ㣬޷ܡ
ԭʼɽһָ֮£Ȼһ𣬾ͣʮ⣬ϵ𶯣ȴ޷³
ʱָܱĿռ䣬Ȼ̮һһ߳ɫ糣ŲԶ졣
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¶ɬȴҧ֮һԾ𣬾վԭʼɽϣҧһѪѪѸٱɽյͬʱ͵ϥ˫дһͺȡ
ԭʼѹ
ԭʼɽ¡죬ѳ֮ǰ𶯣ٴν٣ֱֶȥ
ҡͷһΣԭʼɽ³Ȼ˴ɽ·̧Ŵɽһưȥ
һ˲ɽȻٴѪӵ˳ͣ
˿̣ЩʼŻʳڼٶĳ磬ҲѸٽʮӰǰһˣһŻ۵ߣ֣ɫ˱仯
ûȥЩ֮ˣԭʼɽϵ쵹ȥ֮󣬴һ˦ȴԭʼɽתľСջƴСֵ֮ϡ
ȥɽС֮ͬһţͷӣ֮ǰȥţҲָ糣
һĻ쿴ģٴ˺ɫ˲Ϣ԰ףɽŴС糣ʼһĴδ˿ԽɽС˳̶ȡ
ǰ֣ȴǸûͿôɽСҿӣȫԲٿһ㣬Ŀɬ̾һһеֿ˫ֱȭһݡ
ĳ䣡컰УͷٵˣЩ˴˿һɫ𶯣ȻһĻ
ĳΪʼһػߣΪ𣬽ϿɼƶӣΪʼһ𣡡컺ڣĿǻϡ
ߣʼŻԥһ£Ҫ˵Щʲô˿ԶֺȴǳĬ챧ȭһݣ˵ͷ
ƶһֲʵĸоĿվ˼򵥵Ļãɫ˻㱣Ͼǳˣ˿ǰһȥ˲ǰ
ԥһºûȥл丸ʣתŴ˵丸죬ʼһǿߣǼӵǰֵϥ¡
л常ȫ
һһ仰ܳڵˣɫȻһ䣬׷Ŀ۶ȥ¶޷֮⡣
ȨϵĹ壬ΪӣȷݣΪʼŻ֮ˣ¹常
飬˵˲Ϣ䣬һȻ
ƶڸʲôһڵģվʼŻԵһӣǴӣ
Զıʳ⣬ȴû˿취ıһУ˿̣ȴ˫ĿȻһ
ƶΪӣΪδ𣬾ȻŴ¹򣡣
ʼŻʼճĬԼĶӣֵǰĿһ
ܵĻȻüƶɫЩ԰ף˫Ŀȴ¶ᶨ֣֪ԼʲôҪԴˣȥԼ常ԼΪ˻𣬶ԷԼ常
Ҳżƶûϵƶ丸˵棬֮¡
ƶȫ԰常֮뵱ĳŵȥĻΪḶ́˳٣ƻһЩۡ
ۿܵĻȻԽԽ󣬵ʼճĬʼŻҲһֱûпڣֻĿԽ
ƶˣֻڡ
ƶ֮ǰʼûӴϿɴ£ֻƶƺԷΪ常˿ֵĻƶٴһݡ
֮ʼŻ𣡡ûȥˣǰĿʼŻʳǵķܿʼŻʳڣͬһʵĵǵ̣ǹ档
Ҳڡ
Ǵɫ԰ףƻҪʱʼŻǻ˴£̾һ𣬵һο˵
СܰݵΪ常С컯Ҳʼһҫ޲ǵŻǷǲ֣ΪԼһ»¡
ʼһκҪһ㣡ǻ߱ȭһݡ
ûȥ֤ƶΪһĻ˿̣¶΢Ц˵
ʣ常ҪȥѾͬ⣬󸸻ʵƶʼŻ𣬹ڡ
ҪȥȻͬ⣡ǻû˿ԥЦ˵Ҳͬ⣬ҶԼƶݴΪ常֮˿
ǰ𣬿ɱ˵Ż𣬴˵Żʹȥŵû˿ˣۿ춼Ƕ֣θҵ
Ȩϣˣû˿á


2054 𣬶
壬ֱֻʳ֮ڣ·
ÿһĹ壬ھʱȥȴ̫ֻΧѣΨǻˣſȥɴ˽١
˻߱ʸڱչأǴҲȨĻС
վʼŻʳǵģǾ޴Ĺ·ǰƳĵվĬ
˵Żʳǵĵһһǹ汳˫֣أɫ¶벻мû߹̤֮ʱڵŻʳǿû̫ĸо
˿̣ĿУȴ˲ͬ
ɫе벻мֻǱѣĿֿһɱǱƶԼҲƶ
ĵ˭̣ڡ
ŵ𡭡ԣվͬŵ񣬻˵
ڹʧ֮󣬹ŵ֪Ӻδɽ壬Ե̴ʳڡ
ҲˣҵЩˣԼסӣ
ͷ֪һ壬ҪһУûĵľڣ޷÷ȥȥ
Ȼĵһ˵ǹУ˵ڣڣŵΪػߣһ飬Ϳɿǻۡ
·ֻˣĬĬڵʲô
ʱȴʼŻʳлʹķ֮һİ֮âֱ˵أǹܣγһȦȦɫĹ⻷
·˫֮䣬Ǿ޴ɽʯһεţŷգǰɫ⻷ƣڴ˺֮Ĵ򿪡
֣ĳͲȥˣأֱȭ
ڿеĴţĿ¶֮⣬ܷĽ̫߱񾳵ʸ񣬾Ϳһζɹ٣ǷٻλѪ
һȭȥ
죬ÿһ£ȣһߵȫǰû˿ԥһȥڡ
߽һ˲ţıպֻǰ󣬺һȫĹرա
ϵİɫ⻷Ҳɢ»һ磬˻ʹУӰ
վã̾һתȥˡ
ʼһˣ󶼿ǹϵĹ⻷ƣֽ֪ߣȴǲ࣬ҲʼŻ˽ڣģҲʽ¡
ʼһûʲôֻϸĵ˻֣ᷢӼƶԭһֱ⣬ȴǳõľס˻ʹС
Ǵӣʮ󣬱ȥر߽
ֹ꣬пܳΪδӣҲΪ뿪ʼŻʳǡ˺ʮڣһӲΪһһȥʮʱУΨһڻʳǵģֻмƶһλӣ
ʮڣƶӺǰǻʹû̫ĽӴĻѾҪȥ£ֻҪԼһʧ
ʮ󣬵֮лӶΪȥʱʼһˣȻδĻ˭
ģƶʼ˽ӴʼһصģȨ丸ʣµʮУҪĽӹɡ
ǹ»ʽǰҪȥе飬ʱ䣬Ҳʼһʱ
һжڳƶɱһܺõϰߣÿ峿֮ʱһķĬĬؿš
֪һο常ʲôʱ򣬵ϰߣȴò䡣ܶƶˣвƶһϰߣǲ⣬ǰдҲû˿ͷ
ģʱţ³Ϊһء
ϰ⣬ƶʮУûǵֵķԸǲǿߣȥ˺ʯǣĬĬػһŮӣŮӣ¡
һٶҲǵӣµĺۼʼղ֪ʯڣǳڻǿߣһʹΪڡ
޺ۣתۣǶʮ̤꣬Ȼʮһ죬ʼһٰһδ䡣
˴䣬δƶΪ֮񣬶֮䣬ѡһĺˣһŮΪޡ
Ůӣ簮вļ̻֮ӡ
һεĴ䣬ٰ֮ãڼң˲٣еһٵһӣӵòֿϳįơ
įĺˡ
ⳡ֮󣬵֮˶½뿪ʱһҹ¸߹ң͸һƬɫҹƶޣǰ
¹ͣǹĵϣܺܰƶ޵֣ŮӲУǰʮ⣬ƶŲͣ١
¶㱣ããĬĬعߵŮӣܲ⣬ȴûѯһͬʮ⣬
ǰݵģǹ档ƶڡ
Ůһ㶡
ǰݵģҵ常
常ŮΪ졣
常ƶ飬ȢĺΪޣԺʼһĻʺ󣬽Ҵˣݼ常ƶɫΪֹǷģ͸ϡ
ԶǵãԼõһУָ裬Զǵãû֣Լûгɻʵһ졣
ߵŮӣҲԼޣ
常ʮ꣬ǼƶΪ»֮ʱϣһ죬ܿ常ƶૣһݡ
ߵŮӣʲôĿ͸𾪣μҵһһ£һ֡
ʱɫ͸пһ˿塣
𡭡Ů
ƶûпڣǹֱãޣĬĬȥ߳ʮһ˲
һƴ
Ϊ»֮գΪȥ
ƶһ͵ת¶΢Ц
ϥ壬ɢζдƬĿή˿ͬݹǲк
˫ۣȴ
߽٣ڶ磬ѳɹɹ˶Ľ٣ǽеĵһҲɹ
𣬵һΪѪ
ڶΪŵ
٣һ٣֮ͣૣǰǰһʯʯϣйع߽ٵȫ
ãֱ˫ۣԺڣٴλصȹ˵һ٣һλѪǸֵ
ͻ飬رҪ飡˸Ҳɣ˭Ҵ桭


2055 ŵ
ǹţس֮ǰ֮ǰ֮ǰɳ֣ūңôɣ
ʧܣ֮ˣΪУɣ
ŵλѪӣͳҹھ֮գȴҵֻأȴҵĴ߳֡
ϥأήͬʬһ£˿Ҳɿһ
Ժڣϵ֣ʮ£ʱ֣һʱţֵԺУԽǿң
ڣĶߣϵ˻˻͸벻ʣȫѪڣȼ
ȫѪҺȼУѪƺ޷ܣ类һϵؿήֱк㡣
ȴû˿ĸо̺һɾ˵һ죬ֵٴλָ糣̤ʱһһ̣֮ﵽһΪ˵Ŀ̶ֲȡ
߽٣ǵ٣˹Ѫ⣬йŵ񣡷ֻ֮£ù֮ڶɴ˽ʱù֮ı
ܶĹˣֻҪ߱˶ʮǳʥһж߽٣ǵ٣Ҫڸڷɵɹ
ŸĲͬÿ˻õ컯һ
ʮʱ䣬ʼϥһǶߵϵػǼƶǰһȥָܵڣڶ٣ٵļ
ǶߵԽԽңڵѪҺȼոڣһ֮Уȫ
ŵ񡭡ૣӴ˵ʯϣ˽⵽νĹŵ񣬲ǰԪֳݡ
ҪηѺںϣÿһηѣĪʹ࣬ͬɢһҪĪĽںһٽеڶεķ
ÿںϺԪͻͽһԽǿһȫɹĶɹڶ٣
˽٣صȴǳܷѵʱ䣬ʱԽãѵľԽףôԽͬʱҲʹࡣ
ʹ޷ܣҲֲ˶ã󶼶ɴ˽ߣȵȫѣڰ;Уѡںϣһõ컯˲졣
ڹŵУʱѡںϡĿһ
Ҳû־߱ߣɴ˽˵Ԫѵĳȫȴǻںϼѵͬʱ޷ںϵһͻ
ʶǻ壬Ǿ߱ǿ֮ˣҲȥôѡҼѡˣҲڵһηʱȥһΣڵڶҲȥĵˣΪ
ԾȥߣǾ٣Ҽȫ
ţΨһǿŵڵѡȫѣճɹ
ڶȣνĵ٣ʵȻ֮ܳΪѣΪ֮ͣǵˣȹٺ󣬻õһڤڤеʹ͡
һ˿䣬һֲȫֻͨǼΪĹ֮Ѫôһ˿ܣǻѪ
ֻһ˿ܣҲǴţǺΪϣ׫ˣ˵ŵǹ֮УҲûл⴫еһ˿ܡ
ֻ˵ŵ֮Ϊȴ֪ʲô
ѪҺķȼУĲʹֶԺеںһγһȫͬʱĸܵԼԪ񣬽ѵĺۼ
ڡʼˣ͵̧ͷ˫ĿһƬƽһ죬ʮܷ꣡ûѪܷĽ̫񾳣Ϳһεɽ٣
ԪѵĺۼԽԽأͬʱľʹȻ٣ֻʹֵ࣬˵Գܡ
ֻǣŽǸոտʼ
ҪûѪڶУҪͣȥ˽ٵľͷںηĿһ˿ᶨı˫ۣȥܴ˽ٵ٣
ֶŵһ˲ڵ⣬ȻƾճһȦȦβƣǲŰ˷ɢʼŻʳǡ
ʼһ˵ע⡣
⻷֮âڶ٣
⻷ŵڶڶеĹŵһǵһηǵڶΣǳʮ˵⻷Ŷԡ
֣ɽ٣ӲΪ˶ÿζȴɻ֯˺󣬲ŻͳһһΡ
⼸û˵д°
֪һΣɽжˣֶܼõʱ䣬պͽˡ
ǹϵ쳣ʼû̫⣬Ȼ飬Ѿ֮࣬׷׿˼ۺ󣬾ջĿ⣬ûȥᡣ
ǲ֪ǣľŵ⻷ֵ˲ϢǻʹеʼŻ𣬻мƶȫȥ
ʮꡭڿʼ˵һη񡭡ֶ֪ܼãʼһһηʱһʱ䣬ﵽԲĳ̶ȣ֪ˣܷˡʼŻĬĬĿԶĹãջĿ⡣
ƶڴ˿̣ҲסĹڣվǴԣԶߣһͬȥ
常ƶૣס˼ƶ֣͵Ŀ
ڴ˿̣ǻʳԭʼɽϣһ£ӱչ֮߳˫֣Żʳǵķ
Ϊһηضǻѡ񳹵׷ѣһʱ䲻̡ˣҵչʱΰг֣˵ºϿɼƶΪ𣬵Ͼðȡٺȴû׷Ѱ¡ұΪ令һηΪǰһȥӰ˲Ϣʧ֮ʱǻʳǵ⣬һۣϥԴ
Բǧڣֹκ̤룬Υߣư˷
УԪʹ֮ʱܵ⣬ĵ仰֪˴Ϊ令뷨
һĶ߻
л
ãĳֻΪ㻤һηѣȥ֮١ûлͷǿһգһᣬ˫ۡ
ջصһɲǣͻȻһ͵̧ͷΪѾʼ˵һη˺ܴĲʣȴɸܵĻϣһӰĬĬŴ˵ء
ӰϤ
ʦ𡭡ૣףʦ𲻻Ե޹뿪һˣ˿̵ĵȻҪʱΪ令
ϣ·ʼŻʳڵĹƿֵܵϢ
ϴ΢ЦĿ¶͡
ѾʦǿˣʦΨһģ֮ʱΪ㻤


2056 
ʦͽ֮飬֮ڿڣޣٲϵʦͽУԶԼʦ
ģΨһĵӣɻ˶磬صĺӡ
ڣ御ܾʹȴǱůƣ˫ۣȫĵĳԪ֮С
ʦڣԲȥκ顣
ʱţת۾죬УϥԪѵʹ࣬ȴԽӵһ籩ҪûһģԿϥ⣬һӰûǹӰӣƯͷ
Ӱȫһĺۼ࣬һЩطƹ໥һ飬Ǿġ
ӰԪڻû
ʱ䣬ʼˣһЩѾܲסʹ࣬ѡںϣ˵ɻǸոտʼԶԶ
֮죬ģʼŻʳڵʼˣҲ˲ԾǿȥϵĹ⻷άֵʱһЩ
ά죬ҪӣһζɽٵУо߱ߣ
졭ǲ֪ɽУ˭ֵôãڵ޷ܣʹ࣬Ǽ־Ϳܡ
𻤷Щ֮ڡ
˵ٴע⣬ʱҲǺܶ࣬ģ쳣Ҳͱ˺Թȥˡ
ֱھ죬ʮ죬ʮ죬֮ǹĹ⻷ɢƣʼŻʳǡ
ʱԽԽʼˣһ𾪵Ŀ⣬ʱǹ֮ǿɽ֮ˣҲδֵʱ̫һЩ
²κ߳ĪǡĪǡ
ĪǴ˴ζɽߣֻһ˲ɣ˵˭ȻΪ令
££Ҫѡ̶ȵķˡ
ʱڲ֪Уֹȥ£֮ǰ£һη˰˸£
˸УʼŻʳڵˣÿĵһ£ȿһǹĹ⻷Ƿڡ
ԽԽ֮ǳʼŻʳǵĸط⼸Ϊһ⣬ʼˣгΪ˺ȻִӺȻ£˼񣬸Ǽ۷֮ʱ
Ϊһʼŵһηʱ䣬ֻĸ£
ܼһôҪ֪ʼһУһηʱ䣬һ갡˵ڶηϣҲܳΪ𣡡
˸£Ƿʹ࣬ȻҲ
˵꣬ʮһ£
ʼ˵УϥǹӰ˿ȴȻ֧飬Ӱ˫ѾɢȥֻаӰڡ
ӰҲһƬģ͸һ㣬·ʱɢӣֱ御ܱ˫ۣ˿̵ܵʹ࣬ȴǼΪңԪһ鿪ѵʹ类ǧУԶѣܻԡ
˸µĳʹ࣬һֱܣҪԪȫ鿪֮ȥѡںϣ
ԺУԹΪ˿еΨһ
ͻ飬رҪ飡˸Ҳɣ˭Ҵ桭
ȫУھŸµתۼ䣬ʮ£ʮһһζ
ϥǰΪֻȻʮһ£ֵܼû⣬ӦÿԼһҡ
ʵһʱ䣬ֻԪճΪƬˣ˼ǰһ˶ʮ˸µķ֮ˣڱΪƬ󻹲ںϣѡƬΪĩûлͷȥʱ䣬ϥ
ʮţһ굽һֹȥʱʼһˣˣǹϵĹ⻷ȫڲ²⣬ɽ֮ˣ˭Ҵ˵׿ټֶã
ʮĸ¡𣡡ʹУλʼŻ̾һ
ʮĸµһ죬ڣϵǹӰֻʣһͷ­ͷ­ѷ죬âɢͻȻģ
ŹӰͷ­ıۿȥ˿Ӱڣʶһɨǿдϸ΢ƬƯܣЩƬڳС
˿̵֣ȫޣͬʬһѪҺҲٲתͬʱʧȥһǣͬ
ΨһڵģֻһҪȥֵһ̣໥ںϣܳɹһ㣬ʧܣɢ
һʧôҾʧܣڣ̺Թһսɵ˻
ЩƬУֹȥĸ£ֶڶ٣һηʮ˸֮ࡣ
һΣ죬Ҳݣӱı䣬ֱĿȥ
ˣ͸˵ʼŻʳڵʼˣʮ˸µļ֣ЩʼˣһȻϰǹϣǴڹ⻷벨ƣǵȴǶԴ£޷ϰߣǳ޷š
ʮŸ¡ڶʮ¡ֱڶʮ߸£ʱ䣬ɻڼ֣ܣЩεƬ˿н˳ɣȻȫҳһɢ
ֻǲƬڳķѡ
ʮµʱŵʱ̣ܸܵ־ĴڣΪѾ
֮ˣΪɷмĹϵѵͲ֪ȫķѣǿôȻϥվˣվ⣬ɫ仯
ʮУʼŻʹڣʼŻ춯ʱƶľٶ˵糣Ŀе˸ȴֻԼ֪
ǻ֪ǣһмƶҲ˿ȴǹ˲ô£ĽĲԼĻ֮λ常İΣ
ʮ¹ȥ֮ʱĻϣϥΪֻޣҲ¶˽֮⣬Ҫ֣ȴĳ⡣
ʮ£ԥУȻһҹǹľŵ⻷ͻȻĹâǹâɨ˷֮ʱʼŻʳǼѻȸеˣȫڴ˿̷һ飬Ŀǹڡ
Ŀȥ
ǧ⣬һ
ǻʹУʼŻţվ¥ĴԣĶķ
ƶǧ⣬Ŀȥ
ڣֲϣâ䣬ĹƾճۣһĹӰ˹Ӱȵ֮ӰҪӴֹڹâת͸һɾѹ
Ӱ۶˲䣬ǹ񣬾ŵ⻷ȻںϳΪһ󣬱ʼ˴ĿĹâʹҹƳΪ˰죡
һɲǣȴںΨһĹ⻷Ȼ룬ʮ˵⻷תڹܣ
һη񣬳ˣ
ʮ£꣡
׵ķ飬ںϡ쿴һĻ


2057 ʧ
һЩ˶ţûȥ滹ڣĹ֮ţǹѾȥڣ
ȻӻĻνʳУǹ죬νÿһεĹ֮͡
νÿ˶ɹŵʱǻܵһ⻷
ŵ񣬵һηʱǹֳŵ⻷ƣڶηΪʮ˵⻷ηʱǳּµĶʮߵ⻷
ʱ˿̣ʼŻʳڣǹĵ⣬ʮ˵⻷ƣɢ͵ĹâƺһŰ˷ɢʼŻʳǣд˵˵Ŀۡ
վǧ⣬ϿǺƵʮ˵⻷ĬƬ̣תԶȥǰΪ˲֮£Լĵƽ
Ϊֻ꣬꣬һͬĲֻһˣȻˣ˾ϣΣ֮£ض֡
ڣһηԼûµıҪŽŲûлͷԶȥصԭʼɽٲ˵֮£
뿪ĸܣϥڣ۶ԪӰ֮ǰӴֹԪ׳ָܵԼΪܾûȴ֮ǰǿ˼֣
Ϊǿôһ㣬Ծˣ
ζɹ֮٣ҿȫԲɣҵõѪôȥ̤֮ţ֪ܲǵ޷ȥĵţૡ
˫۹âһ̧ͷԼͷƯĹӰ
һηʱ䣬Ĺͷһҵ־ڣǾ޷ںˡ
ŵ־йأġȴüͷȫ⣬Ϊκȥˡ
ԽһΣҲпܽΣΡͼΪãˡ
ôΡֱ˫ۣ֮Ȼٴȷ˼
ȻҪǿһе־Ҳͬת˫ϷǹӰȻһָȥͬʱ˫Ŀٴαպϣ
˫۱պϵ˲䣬ͷǹӰ͵һϽһϸܵѷ죬ŵ񣬾ʹչ
ʼŻʳǵĻϣ޿·¶΢Цϥ£Ϊӻ
УһҪػӣҲͬڴ˿̷УҪػ
ʱһΣȥ
ʼŻʳǹϵʮ˵⻷ѾʳںһʼˣȻϰ⻷Ĵڡ
˵ʱעǹ⻷ʱУκκ֮Ķɢʣµģֻһ²⡣
²ԷڶηУԼּꡣ
֮꣡
ʱ䣬ǹʮ˵⻷ɣʹʳǵգûаҹı仯
ǺҹǹâȻҫʳǡ
ڶηУʮʱһЩոճͲʼźͯǿȥʼŻʳǵƱӡ
ʮ񣬴½壬һЩˣˣʱҪۿһĻ
ʱ仹ţڣͷϵĹӰڵʮ굽ʱķѣεƬʹ࣬ȴš
ЩεƬ鿪ǳΪĩ֮ʱŵڶγ׵Ԫ顣
ʼŻˣƷһЩʵʵ뷨ĲȥĹ⻷ָƶ̳λ
ƶλӣвʮꡣڷ˵ʮǰڹ֮˶ԣʮܻ꣬ȴңԶ
ڼƶʼһ֮ʱֹȥꡣ
ֵڶηȻʮʱ䣡ڰǰһĪѹͻȻɢܵͬʱǲһ£ֹκʶ̽Ѱͬʱ̤룡
Ļϣŵǣ·ǹʶҲ޷ڣԸܵԼ룬Ҳ޷̤ڡ
ڹ棬ǵιѪ
˱仯֮ʱԭʼɽϣ㲻֮µ죬ͻȻ˫ۣĿ¶һ˿ɣ
ʮȥʮ١
УֵϢȻʧӰ֪һηʱɢ־޷˸ܵõ
Ψһ־ֻûģǹʮ˵⻷ɻڡ
֪˿֮ǰڵƬڰǰѾȫΪĩȻķѿ
ֻǣڷ֮ȴ޷ںϵڣƾĪ־ǿںΣȴʼûгɹ
־εǿں£Ȼ٣Ϊ΢ɲڣȫޣֻⲻ־ǿһδμںϡ
ϣǻִĹ㣬Щһ¶һӰȴٴγ˲ȣȻܱУЩһһʧӰ
ǵʮΣ
ûʶ֣ƾ䲻־չ˵ʮĴںϣֳ˴Ĺʱʮ꣬Ŷȥ
ʮ꣬
ʮ굽һ죬ǹʮ˵⻷ȴǳһĻ˵ı仯仯ʼŻʳ˵ע⣬üϰ⻷ڵǣٴα˻Ȼ֮
ǲٹĴµʼŻҲ͵Ĵ޹߳ԶĹ񣬵
ƶһɶȥڰϣŵĿȥ֪սơ
ԭʼɽϵ죬վţɽۣȥɲ
ȴǹʮ˵⻷ڴ˿̣һٵİһȻƬɢ
һǹĹ⻷ֻʣʮߵ
⻷飬⡭ʲôԭ򣡣
ĪǴ˵ڶηʧܣʹ˲ɣĻֹ⻷ɢ飡
ˣҵ˵ŵÿһεķ񲢷ֹĽУʱҲмޣĪǴڵڶηУﵽʱϵļޣ
֮ʼŻʳڻ
˵ڶηʱޣʮ˵⻷ȫɢǰֻûںϣɢüͷ
ĻϵޣڿһĻɲǣɫȻ䣬ݣȻһۿǹ⻷ʧԭ򣬴˿û˿ԥһ֮´ֱȥ
޵ĵ֪ȴһֱûеƣ˿̾ҲӰԥһ£ûȥֹ
ȴ˲⣬һ̤룬̤ɲǣһĪ֮ȻһƵĺһ𣬾޷ڣ赲⡣
˿̣ǹϣڶĵֱʮһ⻷½飡


2058 ǸӰ
⣬ֻߵ⻷ڣɢ͵ĹâֻߵĹ⻷У˿һٵİʱɢһ㡣
֣ޱ赲⣬Ŀ¶һţ뺣޲֪ܷš
˫Ȼ̫Ĺһ֮âǰٴ̤ȥȻȴֻ߳󣬾ֱǺĴ˻
޲ϵسУֵȫɿݣͬһܣû˿ڣ־Ѿļɲˡ
εĳںϣȫʧܣ־Ʊĥɾ
һƬžû˿Ƭ̺ȴһĻڴ˵ص
֣
֣
֣
ֱ˫ۣһֺֻһڣȴһƬâ˸ǺâڵĻѪ
һһưڵҲӳ
ʱţ֪ȥ˶ãǹĹ⻷ٴɢĵڵģֻ⻷ʹصĹâҲ˲٣ʹڵҹʮһͬ
ҹȴǼ˴еʼˣȫңңĹ
ǹ⻷һ紵һƬ̣Ϩˡ
ȥһ
ֻ⻷ˣ˹ŵѾ˿ʮ꣬ѵ޷ɹô
⻷ȫɢ֮ʱ쿴ʧһ
Ȼ֮أʼŻʳǣ˶ֻǹϣٴʧһ⻷ڵģֻһ
⻷Ҳ
֣һȭһ˻˻ʼŻʳǣһȫȥ
һǿ̤ڣɻǱǹɴȻŵŵ˳һŵ֪ڷУֻҪ⻷𣬼ûûʶʵҲһֳ˯
һĳ˯ֳ˯ܽ份ѣֻҪ⻷𣬻ĿܣҲѡΪֻԭڣ
һ⻷ȫʧֳ˯͵
֣ʦޣ˻𣬽еǲ̤ڡ
ʼһͬʱʼŻʳǣ˸Ϊ˵ĻȻ֮ʮڶʣڶɽ֮ˣ˭
˿̣ʣ˴𰸣
֣Щ졭
ֲһٶǰɱ˵Ż֮ôȻ
Ȼ½ʮ찡û뵽ڵĶɽ֮ˣ֣
޵Ľ˻ʼŻʳǵĻȻУǹΨһĹ⻷Խӵʱʧӡ
ϥ֣ϵѪ˸ԽӾҡ
˭ڻҡ˯һһĵطһƬģãȻţһ·֪˶ãֱһ
ʲôطãȻĺ֣Ҫʱֲˡ
ôãǰȥ죬һƬ谵ĴأһƬʣأƣ̫Զĵط
һƬ档
Ǵû˿Ʋ֪˶£ɼɽ壬û£һƬҰܡ
ҡ˭ĿеãԽԽʧ˺ܶ䣬벻Լ˭벻ԼΪλ벻ʲôط
ɵٴ΢ĻصֽŲһ١
ҺʲôãУҪͷȥһҪͷһ˲䣬ȴ͵ĿǰУһɽ
ɽϣƮ߲ɫѩ
ɽϣһģӰֻһӣ˫һʬ壬ʬĳ䣬紵һĻ͸һɲ͸һɱ
ĿӰӰּΪϤĸоָоӲ
һ˻𣬴ԶɽӰд̧ͷص˷һɴ͸֮УӵĲԽӾҡ
˻Уȴǻ谵𶯣ƻص䣬ǳѵļƾ죬Ҳڴ˵ĺ޷ֿҪ
ء˻Ӱ˻˵ֵɲǣֶĸֳһϤ
֣ĻصƾնֺĿɽʧˣǱʬӰҲʧˡ
һʶתͷ俴һ˲Ժ
ˣ֣ʼڶɽ٣ǵڶηں֮Уһеɲǣ˫ۣãǱȡ
ͬʱϥǰʮ⣬һͷ׷ߣӣһߣȻޣ
ֻӣһޣȴµĲ࣡
֣˻˻ơ
ֻ˫ۣڿߵһ˲¶ϲȴ޷ס̤˵صǹɷ֮
ʦ𡭡ૣȥķ򣬿ͷ׷ӣ֪Լһ޷ɶ顣
͵̧ͷ˫֮£ٴγ˴Ĺ㣬ЩȻͷٵγһӰ
ޱһ˲ǹһ⻷ʧʧһɲǣͻȻģǹ⻷ɢȥۣɢĿâͬʱڶĵֱʮ⻷ͬʱٴγ֣âɶ
ţʮ⻷ʮĵʮ˵⻷ȫ֣ʼŻʳǣͻһĻ˲Ϣž
ݵļžһĻȻ
⻩Ȼ䣬ȴǹϣ˵ʮŵ⻷󣬸еڶʮʮһʮֱڶʮߵ⻷׻ƣâ䣬ư˷ɢʼŻʳ֣ԭʼɽڵķΧҲâ벨֮ڡ
¶΢Цûͣʮߵ⻷˸У뿪Ļϣϥ£֪ûнֻ辭һεķ
ڣֵϿգƯһռ˴˵ȫλõľ޴ӰӰĴСһηʮ֮࣡
̧ͷǹӰ̧ͬͷƴ͸Ļ޵΢Ц
ʦ𡭡
Ŀֵۣ֮ͷŵĵڶμΪգЩڴ˿̣ȴ˿޷ãпһбȽϡ
ԺɵٴθֳǱʬ壬Ӱ


2059 
Ӱ˭䱧ŵʬ壬˭⣬ֲȥ룬Ըȥ룬ȥ롭
ĬĬϥڣĬ֮ǰȹʮꡣ
ʱ䣬ˡ૵֡
ʼŻʳУŹ϶ʮߵ⻷ĳ֣ǻȻ۷壬еĿⶼǹڡ
ʮ꣬˵һη꣬ڶηʮ꣬ǳ׷ѣںϣ
һλɹŵĵڶηںϣȻǳ⣬֪ΡΣ
Ǽѡ񳹵׷ѵĻΣǺѶȹˣǰԱȫ
ʼŻʳĿ֮ʱڵ֣ĺһӰĲ˼ȫĵĳǹŵη
ԸܵڶηɹԼԪ׳ΪٴǿһЩǵҲɹĻԪλں֮ʱһ˲䣬ﵽһ۷ĳ̶ȣ
̶ֳȣԳԽŵ
Ŀһᶨ֮⣬˫۵˲䣬Ǽռ˴˵ȫλõľ޴ԪӰʵУʼ˵ηѣ
ҲһΣ
ꡢʮꡭһΣǶꡭûд𰸡
ʱһΣ֪ģڵĵη񣬹ȥʱ䣬ʼһˣҲڴУƽǿǹ϶ʮߵ⻷
ʼŻƶλ»֮䣬УҪ˽ӡƶΪ»ʵӣѾԽԽˡ
ڵ٣ʼһĿҲǹƿʼһϣ»ʵǻ
ʼžӣƶǻжʮʱʼŻ֣ݽ˼ƶüƶ㹻ʱȥϤȥӭ󣬻ֵɹŴս
ꡭꡭꡭ
µţǴﶬ߹תۼ䣬ֹȥʮ꣬ǵηĵڶʮ꣡
֮ǰʱ䣬̤ȻǾʮ꣡
ʮʱ䣬Ըıܶ飬Ƿ˵һҲ»ʵĵλʼŻȻ˾Ļǰ̨ģѾǼƶ
˵ûнеǻ䣬ʼһ飬ȫǼƶڴ븺ûдϻʹڣȴѾ˻ۡ
ˣƶÿ춼峿ϰߣȴǴδı䣬ţ常ضԳɹ
ڣֵ⣬֮ǰڵӴԪӰѾѿΪƬķ顣
һΣȡ֮ǰĽѵһ˿ʶһ˿ʶڹؼʱ򣬽份ѡ
ʮԪ֮ʹ޷ܵĸоʹһ˿ľ
ھʮʱʼһʼﱸ»ʵǻʱֵԪӰƬȫĳΪĩ
ʼںϣ
֮ǰĵڶгֵ⣬ںʱǽûȥһȫںԪ񣬶ѡֿһһֵںֱۣ
һͷͷҪɣҪںнС
ʱһһȥڵھʮ꣬ԪӰĽɣɺĹӰӴ󣬷ǺСӣֻаһ㡣
ɵۣԪǿ󣬾ԳԽڶηʱԪ֮࣬ȫۺԪ񣬻ĿԴһ۷塣
ڵھʮʱֵԪӰɣٴǿ˲١
ֻ꣬ʣ꣬һǧҹҹ
ʼŻʳǣ⼸мΪ֣ʢ֮ǰʼһǿߣȫӸطϻأ˻ʳǣȥ֤ʼһԣ飡
ȨĽ棬ʹʼһȫתֻǣǽҪǻļƶȴھʮʱһ⣬ϥ£ĬĬش
е飬ҪΪǰ꣬常
һţʼŻʳڣԽԽ˻ʹţҲ;ˡ
ÿ춼֮ʼŻʳǣֻʳķȣڵǧɣȴǼΪںܾ֮ǰѾΪ˽κ̤룬ܣڻʹػš
ⰲУķ֣ƶ˫ۣĬĬš
常꣬ͿԳΪʼŻˡ
ƶҹУھʮ٣ھʮ굽ֱһ꣬ϢĶȹ
һһ죬ʼŻʳڣеĿٴǹϣֻһΣ˿ĲǵĹ⻷ǴģǵĻ
ʳǣ˿ǰģʹ˶ڣڵȴµĻ֣ǹ㳡ϣվڶ֮ˡ
ʹţΪ¡ضź֮ͬǻ壬λߣҲ㳡ϣȴš
㳡ģһ޴Ķ
˶ڣһƬϷһ޴㣬ûбȼʸȼģֻмƶ
ΪȨ㣬һ𣬿ɻûƣ۳ģ˹ģҲֻͬмƶſȥöǹ£֮ʱƶʼ˵һݡ
˵֮ˣڵȴʼŻͬҲڵȴš
ʱ£⡭ʼŻԣվˣһԥһ£ڡ
ȥʼһûʲôʱƶٵһ̣ǼʱǾҪλʼŻɳƿڡ
֮ǰ˵ߣǡ
⣬ƶϥ˫һû죬һĴӣûãȻ΢ĽŲȴһԴźɫ׵첽ٽ
£ʱ䵽ˡЩϥڵϣ֮Ϊһӣͷ
ƶû˵ɲ
ǹҲ׷׳Ĭ
˰ʱ䣬һ̾ӼƶдۣĬϥ£ͷ
常ȥˡƶ̧ͷٴοһۣתȥЩ׷ںһȺ˽Զȥ
Щȥ֮ʱڣƯһĹӰӰǰƴСûз֮ʱһ㡣
â䣬ӰѾȫںһֻӰԪ˫ĿȴǱš
һǰ־ͿںϣһεںϣΪ˳û˿⣬ȴûһǰѡʼձһ˿ȱݣ˳ڣ˯һ
ҪٴνǵڶηʱƬģأҪٴοƮ߲ѩɽȥӰҪǸӰĻ
ֻԼҲ֪ʱνģڣ֪ﵽʲôطһĳ˼һ죬ڼƶԶȥ֮ʱУģϡģƿ硣


2060 ء
Ȩȼ
һ֮ʼŻʳлʹһƬžеĿⶼǹ㳡ģǴǰĻ֮ϡ
ƶӣ꣬Ǹһֳĸоվ̧ͷգ߻Ǿ
ǱɫģƣһƬУ͵ķ촵ϣ˺ĸо
ǰǴ󶦣ϵ֧ȴĵȼ
˿̵Ŀ֮ʼʼһΧڣЩûʸʳǣȴڸԳǳڣһ֯еˣҲʱ򣬿˻ʳǵķ
ڵ뼫ڵĻʳУҲĿƴ͸ңң
ʼŻ𡭡常ҪΪˣƶ죬ĿԶĹϣһ˦䣬ǰ̧һӣһŻڶǻȨһ˲䣬㱻ȼһɲǡ
ݻ𣡡һ֮ʹȴ˵صˣ׷׵ϥڵϣΨǼƶ֮վڴУżƶ
ĻȨ㣬ȼһգʹɫ䣬Ƶ£Ļϴһȴһ޴ѷ챻˺Ȼһ˻
һԼɵľ޴Իйħǿһ޴սģĻڻ߳Ư˰С
ƶһΣնȥսԣԥ̧ս͵һȭȥ
һƵĹ̻ɢ͸һׯϣʹʳǣʼŷΧ
һݣǾ֮ٴγ֣˵ˣ׷һݡ
ݼ𣡡һУǵںһγһˣУȻʳڸ䴫
ǹĻصУʼһгǳأȫͬ
飡
ڶڼƶУٴλ
ڶݣ
μ𣡡ΪңȡصһУΪǳ˹⣬ǿˡ
常Ϊ˻𣡡ƶֵսϡ
ǹصУڵ֣һ˫ۣ˿̵ҲһƬء
ǻ谵ģģһƬֻ֣һƬ棬֪ķ˶¡
ĿûãȻ֪ԼǴϣУܣǰȥ
֪Լ˶ãһ죬Ҳһֻ꣬һӡֱһ죬ǰһɽ
ɽϣƮ߲ʵѩѩУϤӰӰһʬ壬˻
һͷ߲ʵѩУֱ治ɫ
ڿӰһ˲䣬һƺģ˻Ӱ䱧ŵʬ塣
ֻܿһͷ˿䣬ʬӣֱ治ʬŮɫ԰ף˿̲һеչȫٶȣɽȥ
˺ܾúܾãȴ޷ӽ㣬޷ȥʬӣɽ֮ľ룬޷ԽĹ֡
˻Խӵľң͸һ޾İŭ£ٴ˱ļ˻ѡ
ֶУֵģͻȻʹʹܵĹŵ񣬵оʹȴ䣬һ
أɽϵӰ̧ͷ˻Уһ
ۣ֮кã
԰ݣкã
پкã
ˣβ𣡣
ˣβɢ
پˣβϴ
ˣҪҵķʽۣôس˯ûȪֹֻͣòӴˡ
ž˵־ɢ˷𶯣ۿɼٶѸ߽⣬Ҫɢ˵һ
ȫɢһ˲߲ʵɽϣǱʬӰУһ̤ȥŲµɲǣձʬ壬̤Ǳ֮
ƣ͵˫ۣɻڣɿݵƸһǰԪӰͬʱĿ
󣬻ûп壬ʬӣӰҲһƬģϤУ͸һİ
ֻܺܰǴ棬ֵġμ𣡡֮
ȴţĿ¶ããããŽɢȥĬ˰죬ǿԼȥ˼£ȴֱ˶֮ǿĲȥ˼
ĬУֱҪԼȥ飬ȻĻ˼һ㣬
ġǵġġૣ͵ҧ̧һָǰԪԪ̹âɣʹڣһƬǿ
ǹâ£ԪӰȻ˲Ϣռ˴˵صȫλãȴûͣ٣Ǽ󣬾ǹȥ
ʹڣص
ھŰݣ
μ𣡣ʼ˵Уĺ䣬һĹâȻԶĹϴ
ƶĻϣս⣬̧͵תͷһ۾ͿԶĹǶʮߵ⻷˶ĿĹââŰ˷ɢ䣬һӰǹ·ɢ˲һ
常ƶһ㶣жʱ¶ϲ뼤
ͬʱⷢڹһĻҲͬʳڵȫǵĿУۿǵϵӰȻﵽ˵ͬСĳ̶ȣ
ͬصصУòȴģƱİģмơ
ΪԪаڸ˹ɣ
ŵڳɹˣ֪ڹ֮Уܻʲôʹ͡Ļϣǹ¶ο΢Ц
ԭʼɽϣûȥμӼƶ죬˿ͬվڰգңңĹͬ˼Ҳлơ
ڹ֮Уܵõʲô컯Щڴ
һĻĿƶĵǻݻһֻ̣ǹĶʮߵ⻷ڱĿâͬʱȻһȦȦתֱĻȥ
ǹ⻷գգʹֲƣϵɢ䣬һ⻷ҲĻɫ䣡
֮ʼŻʳڣȻ
޷̫ݣڴڣɢĲ㲨ںУһƬİĹâͻȻĻڽ٣ǹâڣһƺɫ΢󣬸ǽĹ⻯Ѫ죡
һѪ
Ѫ͸һϢڳֵһ˲ʼŻʳǶʱţ
Ѫԭʼɽϵ죬ǿѪҺһ˲¶޷֮ɫ
ǻѪλѪͿɴһ֮ǰѾõһΣ񡭡ǵڶΣҲû뵽־ܵõڶλѪ


2061 
ʺĻѪڳ֮ĽУɫȻ仯ɣƬ̺½ϿʱȻΪɫ
ɫѪĻѪ
ϢԽӵǿʹգһ˲ȾĻ
ʼŻʳǣ»ʼƶڣȫɫѪ˹ڣͬʱһƴĿǿϹɢγһɫĹ⻷˳Źͷ¼ٶȥ
תУɫĹ⻷ʧײڣӰ
ϥ˿ڵϹ⻯㣬۶ڣǴڵĵһλѪѸٵںϡ
ŵ󣬾ǹ֮ͣѪˣ
ǿǹѪһĻĹˣ˿һ𺳣޷һУǻѪǹĻѪ
λѪɴ֮һ֮УһλѪ
ĪֻҪľ˹ŵ񣬾ͿԻûѪɣ
Ȼ֮أƶǹҲû뵽常˹Ѫ
ɫѪʧս˻ָļһжҪϾ֮Ѿ٣߽٣ڴ˿̣Ҳȫˡ
ͷԺиֶһ˲䣬ȴϣٴγ䣬ĻȻʼŻʳڸУȻ
ûнĻ仯֮ͣûн
ɫɫ
ⲻܣĪǻлѪ٣
Ȼ죬޷УǿյⱾɢ˲䣬ٴųĿĹâյľͷƳһɫУвϵתУ֮һڶ㡣
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ǻѪ£˹ͷϹһ³ʧڡ
ȻڳܣɫĹԽԽ࣬۶һһʧڡ
գȫɫĹ㶼һɲǣֵУӵλѪ˫Ȼ
Ŀɲǣȴǹ񣬱ǿҵɫâϹƼ䣬֮ǰص˴˵ԪۿɼٶС³ͬʧڣӰ
ָ糣û˿ɫǹҲƽأɫмдſ
֮ǰ쳣ָʼŻʳڵĴˣҲƽֻĵ죬ɫϣȴǿѹ¡
Ŀ⣬͸ֲͬĺ壬мʣĽиӣип
ڣֵǰǴӹ۵ĹӰԪƯصںϽǸɿݵ壬Ʊע޾Ѹٻָ
ϢУʹһָ糣ɻ֮ǰʱһ̺ȴǲ
ֱ˫ۣԪı仯Ԫ֮ǿʶɢǲãˮպγɵľ޴ضʶС
ǿʶҪһԪſֵԪηں£Ȼﵽһֲ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ܸܵؼĹܸܵתԿʱŵĹ켣
һͬǿģԪ񣬻壬ѼΪǿȴǸΪǿȫתĸоֿһȭ֮С
֪״̬ңŵȽϣΡУվȥ
ڣһ߳һȥ̤һ˲Ŀ£ӳͫУ죬Ǳ̲ȴûпʦޡ
ޣǵڶλѪʱѡ뿪ûĬĬתȥŵŵķˡ
ˣΪ˰ֻ˿̻֪Լ˵ЩʲôΨȥ
գ֮ǰȥķֳĬĿûиӣһƬ͡
ȥǰҪȥݼһʦġ
̤֮ţ֪񣬿ɷϵţΣˣ̫񾳿ʱ䣬꣬Ҳ½Ҫؼҡ
ؼҡջؿյĿ⣬תŻʹķһȥ
ӦƶҪ֤ΪһĻ
ʹڣû˿ȴĴֵ߳Ӱʹ˵ĿУżƶ¶΢Ц
һĻ𣡡ֻڡ
ƶ֣ܸܵ常⡣
һ𣬴ˣǣǿ󣡡̧ŵǴһץʱǱڻϵĵ۹Զ𣬳ֱֶץסС
һ֣۹Ʈ˼ƶͷ£ʹ⴩Ż۵ļƶһɲǣΪĻ
΢ЦУתԶһȥʧʼŻʳڣʧ˵ĿУʧ˼ƶ˫ڡ
常ƶȥĵطĺһİˣƣԶҲǲˣԼõһУΪ֡
֣ˡ
뿪ʼһؼ䣬ķߵڵڣĬǶǰȥĵŻʳǡ
ǵŻʳڣĵ˲ڵŵĺɽסһӵڣּޡ
ʦͽˣУĬ˺ܾú¶΢Ц
ˡ
Ӱݼʦ𡣡
ڣҵůԼǿȹŵǿߣУʦӡ
ǵŵĺɽ԰һĵط־סꡣ
꣬˵һĳǱʵȫĲٿС޵ߣ޷ת޵ĿУһݣתա
ӣ֪һߣٴˡ
ӰʧڣһٽǲãԣһɽУֽԼԪΪںϺﵽ۷壬ѡȥ̤֮ţ
Ϊʱѡȥͻƿʱ̤õأȥ̤Ĺ̡
պһεĲƴɽŰ˷ɢγһɼǴҲ̤ѹֳϤƬ̤֮أ
ʵģرƣͬУ̫ԶǰţһһӴһźģֿ֮ȥʱƳڡ
š
ڵλãǰڵ⣬̤յĵط
ãջؿԶھź֮Ŀ⣬ŽӴĵţ̧ҽţһ£


2062 һս
Լû֪һΣ߹˼̤֮ţǹŵɽڵֹĹŵҲûĲ
ֻ֪ȥ̤֮ţ߹˵ţڵŶԷûгɹ޷ļޣǵš
ǲã󺣻Եɽ⣬ǲ㲨ƻºЩѹɢִڣƽ˳
ɫǰû̫𣬿ϸȴǻὥ֣˿̵֣緲һ㣬û˿תĺۼ
Űɫĳվǲã⣬ͷһ۹ĴأȻת˻һ磬ֱãصһˣȥ
ӣģǻʹʱҪȳԸһͬȥ½˿ֹ
ѡΪɻʣôҲǲٳ˯ɻʣ
˾ͽˮʮͷǶ½ȴٹ壬ôضתĴϣһΣһҵǣ
Сٻ÷Ŀ¶һ˿ӣ̾УԽԽ죬Աȵһκᴩ˵صİٱ֮٣һӰ
գҪصߵڣص磬صȸǡҵļҡ
һ·û˿ͣ٣֮£ֻյʱ䣬ͿǴã󺣵λãˮγ˵ޱ޾ĺǽ籩
Ƿ籩ԶͿ죬ٽ֮󣬸ǿԿٶ겻ϵת£γһռѵĺۼ
һεѹ⺣ǽ籩ɢŰ˷ϵȥ
ˮʪζܺŨߵĺ죬Ǿ춯أվǺǽǧ⣬ǺǽŸ޴γɵţĿоһ
֪󣬴žͻ򿪣򿪵һ̣ԼĽ̤ڣֻ֮ĽڸͬʱԳԽֻأ
ҿҵһ࡭ૣҪȥ͸˺ǽ籩Ų̧һ˲䣬ֺȻ̧ͷ
һƬ谵谵˵⺣ǽϵؾɣɺûеڶ
һжƽ·û쳣ȴǿգ뿪ĽŲվڵʲô
ʮϢǻ谵ϣͻȻһ̶֮춯Уѹ˴˵صĺǽʹ͵һ
ȴһ޴ѷ죬Ȼǻ谵Уƾ˺ѷйܵͬʱȴһģӰѷڣһ߳
ŵɫƽķʹ谵գΪ磬߳Ӱڡ
֣ڵӰ߳ȴʼû뿪ƬڣɳƵĴ˻
һĻ½ϣ߱ΪҪ壬½ǿˣһ
½еͬǴڰֻ̤쾳ľǿߣһεĿ
ڵǹŵɽϣΪĲȣԶ޷˿̱Ƚϡ
֪ҵ٣ڵӰڳĬƬ̺󣬴˻
ִݵվڷ趯һͷ׷ƮƣڵӰ˵ͷ
ڶȥ̤֮ţ߹˼ţڵĹŵٴγĬ̾ڡ
ⲻҪҪǣ˵Ŀġ΢΢һЦɫƽ
ɱ˹ĺǵָһΪµĻڹһ顭㣬뿪壡ڣŵӰƣɳ˵
뿪ôĿһ
ֹˣĻ㲻뿪еӰϵ
Ҳ̫ãֻ꣬Ҫڹ̫꣬񾳿ʱȥ
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ʼһƶΪµĻûֹΪ
һԹΣҿû˿£ڹһ꣬µĶ꣬һ뿪ֻ˵
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ֻҪ꣬˺ȥҿΪ˸һЩ𣡡ڣŵɳơ
ͬԸŵ֣֮ĹϵǸӣûбҪֵɣǶԷȫĴ⣬ҪԼ£˿Ļ͡
һʣΪԺɨǿߣˣôΪλڡֺȻڡ
ڵĹŵٴγĬ⣬ǹܶǿߵʣͬʱҲʿͬʡ
û֪𰸣Ҳû˸ȥʹŵ
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ҪսǱսɣ͵̧ͷ˫۾һȻ޷⣬ôҲ֪Լŵ֮䣬˭ǿ
һս½ٺ½ĵһսǿߣһ۷֮ս
ŵһǿѾ̤쾳У˵ֹǵţսȴǾѰΨһһɱ֮ˣ
֣ɹںϣ֮·ûдﵽͷ󣬾Ȼֻ̤쾳УԼҲ֪鱾Դﵽʲôĳ̶ȣ
޷ٽǧʱ䣬޷Ȼɳһںϣᱬֲ֮
ǹŵɲǣڵĹŵȻһȥУȻ죬ܲϵɢһ޴ޣ˻£춯ء
죬оŸͷ­ֵڹ֮أ޼Ϊƣ
ͷ˻¶ײ֮âͬʱɢһɹϵĲɣ֮У飬Ҵһ
ǴڵĹŵŲ̧һָָҲƣȴɼָףɢ⡣
һָֿȥȻ䣬ձϸƣͬˣ⣬ȫ
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ٽ£ͨȻۣγһɴͨϸɵָָ𣬵üģ


2063 
ŵ½һǿߣ
ΪĪ⣬Ȼжûг֣˿һָ֮£ɫ䣬Ƶ֮ɢʹԱߵĺǽ籩Ҳ޷ܣİݡ
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˵ҲˣǷ׵Уȴ֮Ȼ𣬽ľˮֵԴ˿
һһָƶ֮컯㣬Իɱ
˫Ŀͫŵǿ׼˿̿ȥһָͿɻɱһĴ𣬵ȴû⡣
ŵĿһʼձ֣Ʈһ˵ʴڣ˫δһָٵɲǣ̧һָ֮䣬Ȼָȥ
Ķͬ⣬ԶԶһһĻЩ̫ԳƣõĹŵһָΪӴ󣬿ƿԽȫ顣
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ָһ˲ؼûϸ߹򣬾һϸߵ𶯣˿ǹŵĿУȴǿ
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ʹܣһ̳ûйڵĿռ䡣
һָ䣬ǹŵָغһѹ˺ǽ籩ľ죬Ȼ䣬Ű˷ȥ
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ָһ˲䣬ŨŨľͷڵĹŵӰͬһУ˺
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Ȧ⻷ȻǰȻ֣ǰһǴĹ⻷ʱһֱǾͷ޶ȥ
弫ѣͨв죬ڵڶȥ̤֮ʱǵϿƺܿ߹ʵϣȴȹ㣬Լĺ
صȥ䣬ɫݣһʦ㣬һȭأȴ⺣ˮγɵľ޴أһ̺Ȼ𶯣ѣһɵǵǣܣڳ˴⺣ˮڣ
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ȴǻ谵պȻҪ̮һ㣬ĿĹâ˸£ֵһָƣ͵һץһץУưյĹ˲ץʹǻ谵˲ͬʱ£һ̫Ĺ⻷ǹ⻷·ľͷޣٱƽȥ
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֮춯أãأȴмһһ󣬼뼫Ĺ⻷ȴǴ͸ǲ谭޵ϡ
޷˻Ӵһ䣬ӰȻ֣֮ǰʩչ˼û˿ɣȫתʹɲǼ䣬һʧӰ
˿̳֣Ĭȭһȭغһ޴ȭͷӰֱȥһȭֲ֮һٴʧʱڣŵͬһȭݺݵĺȥ
ȭͷɲǣŵ͵תһ˦һӵȥ󵯳ǹŵͬƺһӻҷɢ
ֵһȭ׾Ϳɵڹŵ֮ʱѾһ㣬˿һȭĿġ
ȴһȭ£֮ǰǰһȭΪģ໥һɾ֮Ǻ¡֮䣬һɱɨ޵˺ѣ
ŵϾǿֱһɲǣȴǸܵĽȥֱ֣֮ϣ־޷㣬ȫϡ
һ򣬾ͿԻɱԾͬʱγɵԻأǽ䣬˫ĿȻպϵһɲ͵ĵüġ
˫ͻȻ¶ĹâĹ˫ĿɢǰһɫĹ⻷̻ܣγɷ
ڰͬʱը죬ãصͬʱŹķɢȥ˵ɢУǣعʹ½еλãɫ䡣
һڡǵɽڣǱݵı֮أĸطڵĸ𣬴˿ȫ𶯣ܵصı仯ܵԲãڣǾϢײ
ŵ֣
һڹŵһϤ
ŵ˭ս˾֮Ļ
ŵսϢǡ֣
ĵֱãضȥ
ͬʱǹĴϣޡ죬ʼصļһ𣬷׷ܵ˴ص𶯣ܵյı仯˲˼ȫȥŲãأۣ


2064 ̤һ
½Ĵ𣬼ȫ˿̻ߵ磬ӸԵĲͬĵطֱãأХٶȼ졣
˸Ǳտڲԣ۶ȥֻǵٶȣҪ⽻սĵطչȫҲµʱ䡣
Ͼ½ʵ̫ˣҲûŵΪ
ǲãصģǽ籩Уһ࣬أⱻǺУеȫɢѪȻ˺һ˳ɣٴһѪɫ⻷ʹ˱
ŵȫķѣ˻䣬ɢɢȥʹùŵټ٣ȫʧȫʧصգҲ¶
Ϊ˿ҵòϧˡؼ䣬ŵڣȻϡֻʣ˲һЩƣǿ赲յ¶
ҪôͿɡǴһ֮ˡŵݣһֻۣұȴ䣬ͷɫ֣ϵȫɢȥ
⣬ͬŶԷڶԷȫɢȥɲǣڿŵò֮û¶˿⣬ǳ̾һ
Ȼ㣡
ŵĬ
ҸóƺΪ棬ǹŵǰϤףڡ
ŵòȻĹǳڵĹһһ
˵ò㣬ǻʳڵǰ̣ŹŵԷӣŲɣ
ǹŵҲǹ档ŵ¶꣬˵
һ˹һּ־ػ壬ػϵĺˡҵòҲⲿּ־ĸı䡭ŵͳ
뿪룬ӦþǴ˵ذɣУ˵ϻɱĴ𣬿´Ӧʱã󺣵ߣʶſԻɱһܶ಻飬Ҳ˴𰸡
ʼ⣬ԹŵΪȫ׾ٵĻ壬½Ӵɣȴʼմڡ
˹ļ־Ӧڵõ컯ͬʱҲһЩơŶԷ̾һ
ȫıһ죬ҸܵһƵĴڡ޷̫߳ԶһȥҵΪȫɥʧŵɫƽûΣûпɬ
ΪʲôҪֹȥٴʳ⡣
һ˹ԼĸܵһЩ顭һЩ޷⣬޷ţȴʵ顣ŵ̾ܣأŹķ
ģҲҵĴŵҡͷûȥشֵ⣬ૺ˫Ŀ¶˹֮ɫ
սɣʤңûȥĽŲȥܸܵ㻹ûȫҲ֣
ǿ֣֮һΪŻأڹļУǴڵʼΪ˫ۿԻ£ѪҺγɽӴ󺣣Ĺͷܱһɽ˫һ𣬾죬£ԳΪء
˼˱֮˴Żأ
ҴӴк󣬴δʩչ죬ǵһΡŵ֣˵
ֳĬƬ̣ŵĿ
ʼŻʳǵڣһӰӰ߳һһҺܴ𺳣̤ϣҳֻһУ֪ȥ˶ã˰˼ĸ⣬ҸģҲһ
ұ޷߹ţƾһ߹ˡ
˲ҳ֮Ϊ̤һֻ䣬˫Ŀͬ¶֮ɫһս޷⣬ôֽһսס
ܽ´ʸ񣬼֤꣬һʽ죡˵߹˵ź󣬹ŵĬƬ̧̣һӡ
ּ䣬ŵ󣬳ĹâЩâƾն໥֮£ɲǣڹŵĺ󷽣۳һ޴ĹӰ
ǹӰȫâ֣ӣֺӰſڣ͵һһ䣬غȴ֮˷䷶Χٵת֮£ʮ򡢰ķΧãأ֮С
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ͬ飬ǹҲ̳֣ǸܵԲãеһɿֲ֮ܵܵƾֱңԶλöȥ
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أ
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ŻءգĬʶȻȫɢɢܵһĻ档
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ӦһĻĻ˫ͻȻʹѪ£ĪҪ˫ĿȡһĿΪһĿΪ£
˫֣ǲУҲǣҪ̧ڸлĻҲ£ҪΪ˴ء
һ
һǿҵ˼޺󣬿Ըı磬ıʱռ䣬Ǳ֮ˣΪ֮һ֮
£˫۽ƽȥƿǱۣԺڲɵøֳǱʬ壬վƮ߲ѩɽϣӰӰһ
һԺڲϵظ֣֪ٱֵҽţ̧ⱻգһȥ
һִ߳ԼǸӰԼǱʬ֮ˣһ޷ݵıˣˣͬıߵʹ
ԼŵҪصķԺΨһڵģֻ޾İˡŭ
ŭһȻ£
̤һ


2065 ȫ
һ£еŭйҽţȻأӰһ˲䣬ƴﵽһ޷ľ磬һ̤ȥ
£Ҳȫ£ҲãҲգһеһУһУҷ
գһг˴ѷ죬ȻƬʹҲ٣

ֵҽ£̧ͷ˲䣬ѣ
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ŵһһѪģƳ⣬ֹͣɫһ˲԰ס
̤쾳̤쾳ɫ¶𾪣߳һ֣ڶԷϣܵһɿµѡ
վؼ䣬ŵһУþ˫ۣ֮󻺻ĿвŰˣ̧ͷŻָ糣죬ãá
߹˵ڼţŵһ󣬸ӵĿ֣ڡ
ڵڰʧܡֱۣҪĿеİסɢȥ
šŵЦĿһۣŵһĸ̺̤֮ܵµı֡
Ϊһ
һ޷㡭ŵ˫ĿӸб˼ᶨһһֵĿڼ˵Ҳ޷ô˱ʱ䣬ĥһʽ죡
ҽΪ죬Ϊҹŵһһûйǿ󣬵ҵͬ
ǻأҲĴڣʹ벻̫Զڹ˼ķΧ޵ĵط
ҵ죬סۣأ費²񷣬½Բģ
һʽ죬ΪԵ̤죬Ϊף̤ĿŵУ˫̧һӡ
Ļһ޴УãأͬĩҪ٣ŵֻУȻһָ֡
㣬죡ŵ͸һĪһָ£ܳ˴ĲƣУ͵̧ͷȴĻУȻһֻŻûݺݵһ̤
ٴθܵһǿҵΣ֮⣬̤쾳֮ˣÿһӵֿ֮ԴϤӰһ̤һŵͬƾ侪˵Ĳڹŵһʽ̤
̤ȥΨߣţǿ̤ڰϵһ仰֮ǰڶȥʱ
˿ŹŵԺвɵøֳһ仰ȻһЩ䣬ҲãҲգĴڣҲȫ̤֮⡣
ڶشٻ÷⣬һȦȦ⣬Ȧ
˴ӳʱͲҪڲͬͷ˿һɣһֲܾ˼ⷲķһȦƶӹһȦǿʳҲһȦأҲͬһȦ
в񷣬ǿ貣ҲһһȦ
߳Ȧ߳Ȧֱ̤̤𣬴У߳һӴ֮޷ۣ޷ģ⡭ǵУеı⣡
ૣ̤µľ޴֮ţˣƶˣ
١
ΪһγȦһ֮ΪǴֻغڣ̳ҵƷֻ֮ӴʵҪӵһ˫Կ͸ٵۣſ׳̳ҡ
鱾ԴٴɺǶڣֻΪĵ鱾Դֻǹȥʱ䣬ʼղ⣬ֻأʲô
ʲôֻأΪƹܽһɷֱ֮Źʦĳ֣Ǵʲôԭ仰ڵ¶Ҫ̫ʩչֻ֮
ǸʱҺܲ⣬ʲôֻ֮ɻΪһؼĹ뷨򡭡
ֱˡֻأ죡еȥȥ̳ң̳Լ
ǡ˼ôԺһͷɲǼ両֣ת˼ȫλãռ۷塣
һ̣ˣ
ڣԭ֮Դ˿̺ȻһƣһƱԴֻأ
ԭֳĬͷǴźȻ֮ߣʱȴڣһļء
Ƿ
ǹǾ֮ĵһڴ֮󣬵ڶֱھȻطѪ֮
أֵ壬䣬
ֻµĴţ£ֵ޷ȥݣؼ䣬ܰ˷ɢ
ȫ˲䣬ϣȻһ࣡
죬ڵأ
ɫգɫĴأõģʵģȴ¶ĿУùŵһУˡ
һֵֺ˫ۣ¶ɫĹâǹâ޾ǵڶ࣡
ֵ࣬ڹŵϣһγ֣ȴȫȱһһ࣡
ǵŻʹڶγ֣ȫȱһ
ãصģǺǽ籩һ࣬ڹŵһʽĽУ࣬γ֣
ֻǣΣǾȫǵ࣬ʼ޷֣·𻹲һЩǹؼһ㣡
̧ͷĿǷ·ͣ˰ĴţǴ͸Ļޡ
Ժ˿̸һ֪Լȱʲô
ޣ٣ڣȱٵģһһ޵ķʽϿɡ
ﴫ˲䣬½ǳ˷Уһ޴Բʯ飬ϥһӰѾٽǧʱ䡣
˿̣˺͵˫ۣĿ¶֮âòһһֵ޷
˫Ŀɲǣڵʯ飬ȻķдĻʯƵһŰ˷ȥӰվǰһȥʧӰ
½ãأǽ籩һֵ࣬ճִŵڣȻ߳һˡ
ˣ˵ǹŵ𺳵Ŀ£ˣߵǰֵصںһ
ںϵһ˲䣬췢һ˻Ǻ죬֮£ı仯Ӥ޵һĻ
Ӥ޵ڻصãأ˹ʱ֮ʳǣͬʱһѷ졣
أڵͬѷ졣
ϣ緢۳һĪӰǹ棡ϣ˿̵۳½ϵĵڶӰ档
ӰѰ֮˿Ψд𣬲ſԸܡ
ãڣ˿̣Ȼ˵ӰӰԽɹţ
࡭ΪӤ䡭ŵૡ


2066 Լ
طһѪ֮
𣬺ڵĿ֮ƣ
࣬½Ĵ˵ÿһ˵ĸԴǵ˵֮ʱ棬ǹ棬д߳֡
˿̣ǣǹʳУŵĵѷɲǣڲãصģǺǽ籩һ࣬ŵۿڴ˵һĻ
Ǵʱڹɵ۶ľ޴Ӱվ˹ϣͬɵۣûһӴӰ
Ӱ֧أǵģ³ֵĵӰȴڳֵһ˲â񷡣
Ӱ֣
Ӱ֣
⣬ڣ
ֱ˫ۣ޷ں֮ʱɹںϵһ˿ӱӦð귽תһУȻ٣˲ϢУһѭһڲϵؼӾ磬ʹڸɹںϲ
򣬵Լ֮ԴҲȫɳڵɹŽںϣӴ֮ɣ޹ţеֻ
ʱӵ㹻ȥֻ׳ȥԼ
֪ȥ˶ãŶҲɲУۣϷǹŵͨĵ֮Ǿ޴Ľţʧȥֺ֮¡
ٽʮɵһ̣̾һ޷ںϺ󣬾󣬴˿̵֣ӵеΪȻԽеĴڡ
Ҳʸһս
½Ӵ֮Ĵ˵ضټֵĽӡ
ŵһʽͨڴ˿̵ֿȥֻǸո̤쾳ѣĬУǾ޴Ľٽֻʮʱ̧Ǵһָ
һָ֮£Ǿ޴ĽźȻһֵǰƬпƾն𣬾ЩƬɢؼ䣬ɢǹŵĿС
ŵĬϵĲɣһӸһ˿ƣѡ
費Ųϣ̫񾳿ʱڹһ̤࣬ŵ֣˫ֱȭһݡ
ֳĬŹŵƬ̺˵ͷ
ллŵ˫ۣٴʱɫָ糣ٴûսӰ֣˷壬գŹķȥ
ֿŹŵȥķֱؼûֱܵĺɢУǺǽ籩ջĿ⣬һǷ籩
͸籩̤ķΧԵò˶ã̤أ
һսŶ˵ȥɢսŵܣ½һǿߣӴ֮ٲڹŵǡ֣
ֻһսǼ۸Ĵв⣬֮ˣ˿֪
ȥĵʮ죬ãĵĺǽ籩࣬ߵԵķХǺǽԣˡ
ˣȻ½߸
ǸʶӪ˿ȴûҪɱͷŴ˵أɢʶ۲󣬳Ĭ
õ۵ˣǺǽڣûһû߳ǺǽڹķΧȴӰǵʶ۲졣
ޱ˫ۣʶɢһ˲䣬һ𣬴˵һսضǾ춯أڽȻعı仯
սż겻ɢૣͬܵ˴˵Ǿ˵ع벨
صļһһߣӣֻܿһӣվĿ¶һ˿𺳡
ŵ˭ڽս˭սȻǹŵʤ
ǡô˫ۣЩȷ
Ǻǽ籩ڣĸ𣬴˿ͬǳĬУջʶǿտս󲻳ڶǰеһôĶ֮ս
ӦòɡһĬ
ŵһսҲ˾˵սһսۿҵΪİõ̾Ҳڻɣŵһս֮ˣ˭ǲǡ֡
⿴սĿ¶ӣ˵عϢң޷ȫ޷ջ
ʵ֮Իľһսر仯⣬ҪһȻ޷
˫ӴСŮȻںϣһŮӣʼճĬֻǼҲɶŵս֮˵ݣ˳ɡ
ʱţͣһʱ󣬱˴ĿۣʹܵķΧѹɱ
λѣϷһ顣˱˴˳ĬУõĿһȻڡ
˵ʱˣ俴ȥ
ҵȽսʱ䲻ֽҲ̤⺣ǽ籩⣬ʶûνĳ֡
ҲŹսͷֻսͽҴ˵ϢңعѣϷԤƣյʱ䣬˵ؽγݣΪһƬء
ʱ⽻սĶˣĻ֮ٲвսҵҲɥʧһιĦĻᡣ
ϷһͨʩչʱĽ˵صǾһսתһָǵʶ˵أսȥһĻ
֪λΣõۻڡ
Ϸֻ뿴һĻ⣬ҿԷ֮ģõ˵꣬ԱߵһҲͬڡ
ĳҲԷԣ
һԥһ£˿õ⣬ͷ˫ӣĬƬ̺ͬ˴¡
˱˴Ŀһ֮ѡͬ⣬Ϊݣ˵ĻǱȽϿŵġ
Ҳзľõʹթ
ֹ˰ʱ䣬˱˴׼֮󣬾õóһöһһ˺󣬱˴ͬʱ˫չͨ
ȴߵâ˸ս֮ϣƬ̺һ䣬ĿתĿȥ
ģǿսĲâڣӰһǿòĹŵһˣҲͬòϵϢȴˣ̾˳
֣

һ𣬵ǿһĻĻȴȫĿɿڴ¶֮ɫ
ǿ˹ŵֵ̤ͨһһָ£űУŵĬȻȥ
ŵò̸ֽĻͲ˿뿴ˡһĻĻ棬ȴˣ޷
ֱ˳Ĭ˺ܾúܾã֪Ӵ֮½죬ˣ
½ĵһǿߣٲǹŵ֣
һΪ𣬿ȴ˿־壬ֵǿо޷ŵͬʱȴǺ¡
ôõԺڣһǰʮ֮˻Уƴ콵ٵĿ⡣


2067 Ҳ
ھõ۵ͨȥһսͬʱĴأǱݣƬϤأһЩп
ǰҴ뿪ȥ˹塭գֻص̾ĿɨȥУʶɢʮޣȻɢƬ̺ʮޣȫֵʶ֮ڡ
ʶɢ¶΢ЦΪ޷˵ķʽѰҵһˡ
Ϊ½һ˵ȴǿˡ
˪Ϊˡҩ֪Ƿšʶɨûͣ
ǡ˾ͽ΢Ц࣬ƿʲô
ӦǺӡת֮󣬻Ǹӡ
㡭⺢ûɵĵ·ٽǧ֪꣬ת˶ٴΡԶɫ͡
ʮǺ֮ˣΪףӣƺܿˡ
ͷڶ֮ˣ׺ݵĵĴˡ
ǡ깫Ϊһ¶һ˿졣
Ǻôӡǲ
ءҲûѡɣ緲һתΡ
ˮʦ֡ɫ͵һϸĿܵˮڵλãֻǣˮϵӡǣѾɲ飬ֵΪԶǵɱȣ޷
ˮʦֵӡȫɢôҼʶɨҲ޷УѰҵڣӡǻһ˿
ૣʶϵʮѰңͬĶڹ뿪ǰҲˣֻȴû˿˵ĺۼ
ģһӵٻӰٻӰһٻ÷Ůӡ
ûСֵʶʮһδεɨҵ˼еˣһ
ûСֲǵԼѰ˶ٱ飬һδεǽȴɣҲٻ÷ӡǣҲٻ÷ˡ
֮ǰڹѰʱһûС
ôܻûУɫ޷ƽһΣվ֮䣬ʶȻȫɢһΣǸ壬ǲãأǹأΪҲȫǡ
һδεѰңһδεʶգûҵٻ÷ӡǡ
ɫ˲԰ףûҵ
ѵתʱ⡭ֵĺȻʹǲٻ÷Ůӣǲ԰׵͵Ŀ⡣
Ϊ˵½Ϊ뿪Լĸף¶һˣתͶ̥ĬĬĵȴֿǸˣһ죬Ѱļ䡣
ܣʶٴɢһʱ䣬ʶ½ϼÿһضȫɨգǡһ
ְؿڣܵʹأȻЦֻЦȴ͸һɷŭһɶŭ
ҵĽĻ꣬ȴҶٻ÷Ӱ컯ôŪô
Ҳţվҵ˻þòɢ
ʦתʱĿԲѰҲĿܡˮʦֻҪ磬лָǰļ䣬ʹӡɢˡֱ˫ۣ²⣬֮󣬼ȷ£ӡ
ĿУƿĳİĵطһŰµŮӣ̧ͷ죬ˮ
ǰֻǣȴܿߣԼȥ֡
Ļڣվڰգ˫ۣĿ͸һ˿ãȻĬУǰȥʧ˺ڰУӰ
½ޡ
ڴ޵ıһţڲֻСڶѣ峿֮ʱĵ֮Уڴںɽһڣϥһӡ
һ㣬̺ᣬź£ϥб˫ۣɡƴɢУ͸©ӵΪȻﵽ˵ڶ۷壬ֻһ֮
Ϊ¯ǧٶˣڴӵмߵǧʱ䣬̶ֳȣ¯ܵĴϣԴڡ
ΪҲͰˣ˸ɱϣҲвСնɱһո̤Ĵܣʹ֣֪
ɱ¾֮һЩܻҪϣ佻֮ˣʮоţضС
ɱ¾¯ڣΪСеĵһˣǾһЩѰϿҲɷľ
֣ʯʯͷʯ
Ǹ¶֪ĸ˭һ¯ڵϵСﳤֻ֪ԼʱڴУһӰǱӰܸߴоϤůֻΣҲʼտӰò
ʱ򣬾ⱳӰҲģģΪߣⱳӰŽָоԼԴﵽܿ壬Ӱӡ
ԭ
ʯ˿̣Уһ⴫ţһŷǰɢһõӰһߡ
˫ۣߣɫһݡ
μϡ
㻹ǲϳΪʦôõӰüͷһ壬֣ҪմΪӣԷȴĬûͬ⡣ϲʱţеٶԽԽ죬ע⣬ûȥʦ֮£Դ֮ͨ
꣬ʦͽ֮ʵһʦǰʯȴʼû˵
ʯԼҲ֪ʲôԭܾãԼʦ𣬲ǰ֮ˣ˭ȴã
ˣʰһ£ɽȥһ˵ڣȥ񡣡õӰҡͷʧˡ
ʯǣӰɢĿ¶һ˿ãã̾һɫٴαȡҪϥʱȻ󣬴һ̾Ϣ
̾Ϣ̫ͻȻʯȻһ𣬵ȴû³çĻͷ֪ԷԼûвʱ٣ʦ޷ȻΪΪ
˭ʯڡ
ңΪʲôʯ˭֣ʯ͵ʯУȴ֪ΪʲôһƼΪϤһЩҪѰ㣬ĿвɵãʶĿڡ
ҡǸ¶ԼġҾãӦ
һƬžʯĿһ͵תվһŰµ꣬һͷ׷͵ĿԼĿ⣬Ƴڿֶһ
ڿǰ֮˵òʯӲԺڸֳеıӰص
㡭㡭ĿеãȻŨ
̧̾ڶԷüһ㣬һ֮£ʯһ㣬ǲϵغ£ļ䣬Ȼָ
ʦʦ𣡣ʮݼʦ𣡡ˮԥĹǰɫ¶


2068 
ɽޣһƬ಻ɽɽ£ٵԶĵطһ԰Ĵׯ
˲ֻ࣬м٣ԻԲɽڵïܴеҰΪﱾʲôӣʱֻһƬϢĻĵء
֪һ꣬һдӾǱѵĹˣżҾģʱţΪӡ
ͷһᣬΧդԺһЩѼһʮŮŴ鲼ιЩݡ
̴Ͳ峿֮ʱȻ׼緹
ҹˣεĻҳΪءŮιʳЩʱЦ˵
⺢ӣôˣôϻΪˣôʱѾ޸ˡڴ͵
ΪҵǴҿ˵ʱҪҵ׵˿ɲءŮһЦɫǿɰòرȴ崿ɰʡ
Ѿͷ˭˵ģ߳һٸٸأȴڲס˿̵۾װŭ⣬ﻹų˵Ĳӡ
ŮҪ˵ȴӴ⣬ˬʵЦ뻰
˵ġűƿһ׳꺺˽ļϱŹһͷȥСޣֻȴиɿݵѪ֪С޻Լ
Ůһϲæǰ
ۣǱްƤëƯ̫ˡŮ۾ŹһĵȸԾ
ôȥôðͻˡٸҲæ˹ȡС빭
Ѿͷ˵ҪЩƤ;ֻޣ׷Ѱʱʱ䡣ǺŮͷЦ˵
ôˣٸһ۾ͿǺϵѪæȥһץۡ
û£СڣɽҰ˲ǺЦУӴͻȻܽһӰһӾ˵ŮϣͷϵȥһֻɫĴ󹷡
ֻӣȴһֻͻ㣬Ǿˡ
Сɽѧˣʱǲ⣬ϻһֻǺӿһۣЦ
СԣŮԣƿǺɫĴ󹷣ϸë
ܵӣһ¶˶ƤŮЦУΪץһŶƤУ﷢󹾹Ҳһֻϻ
һˣ⻶ЦУĻϣƯһӰֿ·һ˵Ŀ֣ǿŮЦݣҲ¶΢Ц
СסҲҲתˣֻû뵽ת˴󹷡ҿӣȻɾ߱˲׵Ϊ΢ЦУǵеȴ˫Ŀһתƿϵһ㣬¶֮ɫ
ɫ˲仯˿־壬գգۣҲֹͣ
ŶϳңֿĿеĿ־壬Цݸࡣ
ֻ쳣ûһ˵ע⣬ΪŮ˿ĸףǵ˵Ż
ˣεԼΪˡ
˺ãѾͷԺһءǺЦ
ҲŲأܾãԼһӵˣǲ֣һֱ֣ںܺðֻζҲΪˡ
Ҫ͵һһءŮУ͸һ档
Ļһ٣Ŀ¶ӣһŮֵЦݣһƽɽ壬ãٴĿһۺһΣʧС
Ҫġ
ҹŮٴһΣУһ֣㣬߻һֻС׵ĺɫϻϲ۸ϻ䵹
һ壬Ǹһ
ǷҪһͬ뿪Ĭˣ˺ܾãһ壬
ҹֻҲһΣεԼΪϻ߳޽ĸϻĸ޵ȵȡźţܡ
εһӣǰʶǵ꽫ץǸɶļһ˸һЩóԵĵҩͷһº󣬱뿪ˡ
һ죬Ҫ׷ѰԼεʱ㽫俪ߺһ仰ڣþòɢ
ݣӴǣ䷶Χ̫󣬹ʶʱ̿ԿµĽ£ͬʱֵһĻ˿̣ǻʹλãҹ֣ȴڣǻʹĵƻ˸
ʹһƬž
һµӰǺڰ߳·ĻʹӰվãһ£ʹڵĵƻڴ˽У˸ʣвͬĿռصӰ
ֱ̤ǻʹĹ㳡ϣЩƻָ糣
ڴ˵ؼһ޷߷ӣֻܿ仯ɽ壬Ϊѹʮ֮Ĵڣ˯㡣
ҵ뿪ʱԣٴʱҪ÷ѣκˣ޷ૣŲŴһ̤
һ֮£ʹĵ棬˲У΢΢һĲǴ˵Ĵأ֮صĿռ䡣
ֵһƬģӰ˸Уʧˣ֮ʱǵعڣ
عһƬʣʱһֻǵϵɽ壬˿ֻʣһ
ɽֱʣΪ磬վɽ⣬ָܵɽУ˯ķӡ
ɽ⣬ĽӡǴΪҪƿҲҪܾõʱ䡣
̧ɽһӣ̴ɽȴɽۿɼٶȣȻʯ䣬ת֮£ʹǰУٵСһзӡһнƣּ䣬ɢ
ɽıӵ¶֣˫ۣ˯ѣϣдΪĲ
ǰȥ˷ӵߣų˯ķӣ̧𣬵üģһ֮£ӵȻһ
ֱ˫ۣʶɢ˳ָ뵽ӵڣȥѡ
ʱţת۾ǰʱۣ¶ӣŷӣĬƬ̺󣬻ڡ
ôѡء㡭ءվ̾һȥʧعڡ
ȥ󣬷˫ۣʧĵطãá
ԺһӡһӡվĺˡѾˣȥ彫޻ʡ
Ҳ뿪뿪½ǣҼĴУҾӦõļҵΡ
˯УˡĿ¶Ϻļᶨɬૡ
ػ壬ȥһ첻ΪȥǿԼʱ֣һȥѰ㡭վŻۣŵ۹ڣɫû˿񲣬Ǿ߱һɻʵϡ


2069 ˾ϣ
ӵľأÿ˶ԼΣһ㣬֪
ûȨȥӵΣΪѣ份ѣѾãڽĵ·ߣҪȥ㡣
֣ҲҪߵĵ·Ҫص磬صȸǣصĵط
һӵҪ󡭡ؼԶȥӵǿΪЩ飬ã̫񾳣ӣĸ
ããĻ£ĿҲã֪ԼҪѰҵЩˣǵģǷϣѼ䣬Ƿϣص硣
˹ȥ½ֻ¿ʼǶ˵õѡɡૣǰֳӣѡ񣬱ˡ
Ҳҵ־ǵѡ񡣡̾ͣԶ˾ͽڵĵط
һĹȣλƫ޾ڣĸĹȣ˴˳Ħ˵ûдģսڱ߽ȴʱСΧĽս
ֻĴ۹Դ˶пƣʹĦսĹģʼû̫ࡣ
ٹĽӣפ˴ľǾӪ಻飬һɷɱ֮⡣
ڿķ򣬾Ӫ֮⣬˿ǧ׵ľʿһͦأվãмǴĹ֮ˣҲվ̧ͷԶڵʲô
ûã֮ǰٵϺХٽ֮ȴһɫĿ٣ǧʿǼǰʮ⣬ս˻ǰȻ̧ͣº󣬴Ծһˡ
ͬףغϥڵϣ˫ֱȭ

Ѳţ˿ڰ⣡Ǿʿ˵󣬵ͷȴ
̽飡ǰУڰӭѲţǼĹ֮УһߣɫŭڵλãȻ˵ģ˿Ŀһ̿ڡ
仰˵꣬һӣǰȭһݣתȥ֮һʿӾӪڳսХȥ
˧⡭²ơϽԣһĹɫ¶ǣ˵
ܣΪݻ֮˽Կ֡
һ˵檳Ⱥ˽칬ȵʥϻҪ˵֮ԥһ£ûаѺ˵
ϽʼճĬ֮˵ĻûվԲ˫ĿڣȴкһǺٵ˸УһɱʹϽһɰ
Ϊ߽˧սʮҲǻݣȻ˼⣬벻սʤϽͱж׹ˡ
ΪţΪݵӣӭӹģ᲻ϲ˧ҪҪһЩ˹ȥ
˧ְҲӦٶһЩȥӭӣȻϲųôǾʮӭӣ°ﳤ֣ʶһҾ
˧ҪԥˣǸСˣϲԴ˧ˣǡ
Ͻüͷһ壬̧УȻеĿⶼϣɼӪڣ˿
ҵľʿ⼸ʮѪսеӢۣȥӭҲͬ⣡ǰӪǧˣϷڴ˵أ㹻ˣϽն˿ԡ
ڣȫɫһ࣬ȭǡ
ϽԶߣ˼У⼴֮ˣƺ
⣬һʮɴСݻų飬˳ŹٵУ˽һĳȣЩܣһѰߣȻС
֮ʮɴСһЩŮӵĽЦΪֵӡ
ãĺãͣһӵڴЦдУЦڣһЩӵϢ
ЩеЩߣȻϰߣ˿û⡣
߳˼غӴԣһСˣͻȻ˫ۣһ
о
仰ⳤһĳӣͣȴǰӴڣһĵŮӣЩŮһǹɫһ㣬ȴȻǸոմϵӣһɫƣ³ź󷽵ȥ
ЩŮ࣬¾мʮ˵ӣЩȫʮڡ
ǵȥִӺ󷽵߳˼ʮĵŮӣ滻һ㣬ȡЩ뿪֮ˣãһǰУӵĽӵЦٴδ˳
ⳤǰУûãǰХӭӵǰӪһǧʿֻܿЩӭӣʮڴһߡ
ȴûͣ٣ǧӭ£ǰȥ
һʱ󣬽ģݻϢУ˾Ӫ⣬˵ĿС
ٽӵԽô˵оȫţϽüͷ¶ϲ
һǰĹٽٸ棬һɱ֮ƣȻٽĵͣµߣһɫܸ̽ܵϽϵɷɷǸо־壬һ
ֹЩܿ־壬ȴٵǰվϵСˣ˿վ𣬴˼
ǺˣС˵Ļﻹû˵̴꣬Ͻԣһ꽵Ŀ׹һͺȿڡ
俪ڵɲǣ˵оĿСϣεɷ֣СɫһӲ԰ף˵
˾ϣҪʲôϽٽ֮ʱһͺȻ仰￪ڣЩӵȻֹ
Ͻ˾ϣӭɫŭվʮ⣬ڡ
ڳĬƬ̺󣬸һ߳һӣۿЩڣһɫͿյӣվϣϽĿһ󣬺Ȼ¶΢Ц
˾ϴ˧д˧ڱ߽Աּͱ߽ʿ
ŶǾͽӪɣ룡ϽɫĮĿ⣬ȴǸѹǴ˿˶ɷ䣬ɵͷڳˮ
ˡͿɣͲýȥˡϼЦݣæ˵
˵صˣǲ֪һĻϵ֣ͷȫվĻϣĿʼһϣǸˣϽ˾ϣ
ûеүΪ˴˧֪ǰ俪ô롭¶΢ЦЦݺܿġ


2070 ˾ͽϣ
ҹӪл谵Ļ˸һӶӾѲߣʹӪƹһͬʱһĸо
ǾӪ⣬˿Ҳû裬һƬƽ
ӪѾϨ˵ƻΨôڵƻӪ£ԿһӰм˧Ӫڣǵƻܣľʿ
˧У˾Ͻվһͼԣüͷȥֻһˣܺǰֻȼյʱ
ߣ֮ˣҲ֮ΪϽŵͼЦԼҲ˵ΪΣƺһĸо
˶Ϊ
Ŷô˭֮ΪһЦϽƶ
Ͻһ٣˲ͻָ糣ת󣬿һ£һͷ׷꣬վڲԶЦԼ
ϷûгǰƺţûȥӵСϽɫв˿ңƽ
Ͻһָǰ
ŶԷĿ¶֮̾⣬ûм俪УһͻȻ˧ʵİˣԷ򶨣һ㣬Ϊѵá
򶨣ƽ
΢ЦϽĶ档
оôЦ
޾ƣϽһЦֵ棬⴫˵ͺȡ
ˣȡ
⴫֮Ƭ̺󣬱мڣڿֺЩɫһ㶣ǼɫȻ䡣
ûп˽
¾ƣȥϽɫ糣˵
ЩĬУϽԷ˼̳ƺһ¡
˾ϽĶһ̳ƣߺһڡ
Ϣ˵أЩǳ֣Ҳ޷ͼáϽУҲһ̳ƣȥ࣬ں²١
ЦݸŨĿģ˵½ϣ˿ĵʱĽĲл겻߲ͬͬһ˵˵ĸо
ָоܷɣܸˡ
Ӱ˸Ųϴô仰ʱ䣬ȻΧ˶еĴȫٴУȴ룬ֻܵΧơ
һɫţɱȴǲٰ㣬һô˵ؾӪѣΪ֮ѹ֣
ʱţתǽҪЩʿ⣬ȻҪһҹʱЦ֮ȻҪȥ
ֻЦĴȴǸɻˡ
˼ȥôĵطɽϷ˵ϧ̫ңԶҵȷˣ޷ȥϽ̾һ̳һһڡ
룬ԵġֺľƣŹˣЦ
ŶӦʿɡϽĿһ
ֵ˵ͷûпڣǼžơ
ʱٴţ֮󣬵߾ͷһߣ𣬺ڰɢ֮ʱϽȻһҹľƣһҹУ˵˺ܶ࣬˵Լ½ϵо˵ţޣħЫޣǵһĻĻڹһУһһ˵˳
˵ԼҵĽĲлʱ˵Լɱ˵Żһʦ֮ʱɫ
˵˺ֱܶ࣬˵뿪˹壬صĴϡ
Ͻţ޷˵׾߱ʲôݣ˵һ棬½ϣضǾ֮
ˣΪҹԼУԼƣԼ˵ЩϽԺУǰ֮ϤϤһֱļ˿̣¶˳
Էǰˣ֪ΪΣҲͬܣƶԷĽ֮Ĺ£ۿ
Ҳٻ÷˾ͽ˺ܾúܾãջҲૣɬкžƣЩЩ飬ܺͱ˵ȴ˾ͽȥ̸
˾ͽ˭Ͻɫ˸ӣϣڶԷĿУ˺ܶΡ
ַ¿յľ̳һ̳һҹѾεľˮ
һֿѣ˾ͽૣϽһۡ
ܳΪֿѣ˾ͽ֮ˣҲһʿˡϽĿ¶ãȻ֣˵
һʿһҪүʿйĹ£ҪһȸǵĵطһԹ˵ˡ¶׷䣬˵
ֵڻϽĬĬţĿеãȻˡ
ʱţ峿٣һƬ֮ʱڣֵૡ
ٻ÷˾ͽϣˮȫת½ϡӡǣҵǵΨһʽֺһھƣϽ΢Ц
ϽĬã͵˫ۡ
˾ͽϣĿ֣ɲ
Ͻĵ˵ͷ
˾ͽϣ֡
֡Ͻૣ֮ȻЦЦЦţȥ飬ĸоǰ֮˵Ϥж˵ĶһĻĻòȥš
ΪһʿƭԼһˣ
ô˵½ϣѾֻ˶Σһֻأ˾ϣĴ˧ЦУϽˮ࣬һУΪţʶоԽܡ
ʮʿе˴游һͿʼңֱǵ游սǵĸ׼Ϊҵıв٣ǵĸսɸҡ
ȴң˾ͽϣһҪΪү˾ͽϣҲ˾ϴ˧ôô죡Ͻ£Ȼ򿪣ЩҪȴϽһͺȣȫ˳ȥ
ֻءֻءһֻأжֻءϽ̱ϣӵĿ֣ĿЦ
Բ𡭡ҵԼѡѡת½޹ء
ֳĬϵغžƣһһڡ
ңǰ䣡ϽϵغȾƣֱ̳˫Ѫ˿Ҳ⣬֣ᶨ˵
ҹٴʱ뿪˧ʾӪɫŸӣڰлͷĿһ·˧ʣȥʱϽ̧߳ͷ
֣һֻźΪȥ㣡Ͻڣһɰš
¶΢ЦЦԽԽ࣬ͬЦ
˾ͽүˣҵ㵽תһ磬ʧ֮䡣
СǣȸӰǸʲôͿ˳ˣ̵ģҲҳ
ˣҪϽ˲٣Ц


2071 
ֻءʲôֻء֮ǰѾ˽ˣֻ죬ʵϣֻس֮⣬иĺ塣ĻϣԺвϵظֳ˾ͽϣǷӵӰ
ӵľֻأѡ˾ͽѡȴֻءûѡȥѡΪ̫̫ǣңᡣ
㲻һĸĸ飬˾ͽЩһӵľ˾ͽ˵ÿһεֻأһǣң˵ϾͶϡ
⣬ֻصڣ޷԰ΣǣԸ԰ΡĿãȻãȻУһЩ
ֻأ죬Ҳһ澵ӡ⾵Լֻء
ĿеãȻɢȥ¶ֻص⣬˾ͽԲӽ
֪˵ѡֿԶ̾һȥˡ
أݵķΧһɽڣï֣ܵ˵ؿΪգ·һٵѣһ㡣
һܻ̣Ψ޴ڣֻڶǰⶴ󣬾ûҰ޸˵ء
ڼΪݻҹӳ£ʹǶȴ˵صİ͸⡣
˿̣Ƕڣϥһʿ
ʿͲ٪壬ȴһ˶ͷ­ͷȽϣԵüΪСƺܲЭӡ
ͷʿɫУʹⶴɭȻ
ͷʿУȻһȻĶУ
ʿһ͵˫ۣ۵ɲǣû˿ɣſ³һ̹⣬̹ⷢ˻ֱǰǳⶴеһɫӰ
ɫŹ֣̹һ򼣬δٽȷ棬̧һ㣬ʱһ٣Ưһ
Ǵͷʿ˿ɫ¶𾪣ԪΪ߳һЩҲᱻס㹻ʱӣٴγ֡
ȴǱǰ֮ɵڰգԷʩչʲôͨ
ΣҪϾɱɣͷʿһ˻ȫһдɢһ֮£ҪӶݡ
Σһһ㣬ʱһ⴩͸ǴͷʿӶʱȻӡüġ
ͷȫһĿ¶ãּԺƲϵظ֣ͬʱһץɽֵ֮ڣһС
˽Ϊۣ֮Ϊν
һ˦֮£СֱڣһԵǽϣĿһѼĴͷĿ¶ͣһ˦֮۶˴ĵҩһ«ڣһԺתȥ
ãɢͷһãȻ߳ſտյĶֱ˰죬̧ͷૡ
ˡǰľĽһԵĳŨ֮ĵҩ«ˮ
ͬⱱڣͬУһʮպХȥһԶһʿĴУǾʧ֮䡣
û˲⾧ɢȥʱǴĿĹâ˸У뵽Ⱥʿڣһź۵ͯüġ
ͯȫһԺڷ⳾ļ䣬ѹ
Ⱥʿɲ꣬˴ٴμǰУȺڵĺͯӣĿ¶ãʱ󣬵ȺʿһɽϢɵʱĿеãɢȡ֮Ǹ㱡
ǡӡǺͯգ¶΢ЦǰƬأĳ˼
ݣֵһԶڣһģСţʿֻ࣬ǧ˵ӣڵɽ֮ҲǺܺãǺŨ
弸λɻʷʥּ֪Žȫս󣬰תʹСţ޷ƽҪһЩţſɼڡ
սҪʼˣСţδɹŴսУȥ
걪ΪڵΪǴﲻףΪǣ֪δ·ںη֪ԼһڣĴս£ܴܲڡ
òײλãΪһֻǰǰĵ·ֻһǾ
Ķѡ񣬻вͬĺкܴһ֣ͬءڵЩϣŲͬѡ˷ѵļ
걪֮ʱһ죬һ£һͷ׷꣬ɽһ˴ڣ֡
ҵ걪ʱȥ
뿪ʱ걪վڴ⣬գĿãããʧ˼ᶨ
һĹˣʱڣּȫеˣѡ˽⿪ǰļ䣬еˣְѡȨ˶Է
ΣֶһЩǱ֮ȴһζͬԴ˵ЩˣһΪߵ֮ˡ
ڣ췽ǿţʮ֮࣬Ϊ췽ڣһڣΪݾʮ֮һ
ڣǧ콾֮˺ܶ࣬ȴûһԱȵĹһŮӣŮӵʣѰ
ǰΪڵĵӣ̶̵ٽǧʱ䣬Ϊ˵ܣҴﵽ˿۷壬ֻһߣͿԳΪ֮ޡ
ȻȫкܴĹϵͬҲ˵ˣŮӣ
ڵļչأ߱˽ΪĴϣ˵Ѿӵʵȴûȥ֮ء
ˣŮΪͽÿ궼һΣŮΪϵ飬ôһʱ䣬ŮԼչ֮أһͬչС
Ůӣڣ֮ΪʥŮһ㣬֮ͬʱľգΪŵӵİĽ
Ů̫㣬һ㣬ԸĮٽǧδѡĵµľٶԽˣԽǱڵĵĽ
ЩϵԾʸͽܣŮӵ׷󣬴δϡ
һգŮӣӱչ߳䣬ʱˮЩ޷ģʲô齫Ҫӡ
վԼĶ⣬ؼƣɽеǧ죬Ŀ¶ã
һֻĺԶӭſ磬Ůӵǰ軷ƣŮӵĿ⡣
ϲɫϲڵˣֻ֪һϲãڶϲãȴ֪
ǷĺŮӣĿеãˣת֮һУҲʱʴڡ
ܾãԼһƬأָоĮڲͬ
¡ˮ䣬أɽ罻ڣγһĻ
һɫȹԶԶһͬǰֻɽУˮУҪʽȥ
һ͵Ůӵ󣬴


2072 
ĻڣУ͵ૣɢˮĻ֮ںһγһǰ
ߵĺסΪڵ꣬һֻȴ֪䣬˭Ϊڵͬķꡣ
תһֽɡ£Űµһİˡ
ֺ翴ǰ׷꣬΢΢һЦЦУʹ°õ壬Եʢ
ϲԳΪֿǰŮӣڶȸһĻĻ£Ŀи֡
Ů΢һЦûпڣ֣˵Ŀһ𣬾þòɢ
Ҽ㣬ҳΪ֮ʱҼ㡣翴֣ڡ
ֻôֵĿŮƿߵĻ
ôŮӷʡ
ҡһ٣ã˵ͷ
š
׷ԾţôҲšŮתͬĻ˵
ʼվãڵһ˸Ҵ𰸡ҳΪʱ֪ҵȵǸˣ㡣
ֻôһֱ룬ǷǰȻĻΪʲôϲɫϲҲһֱ룬ϲһƾվϲģԭǽǰ
ǰôŮûлͷƽ
ҵҵǰУһһҲ㡣
һ
һҼǵһ⣬һֱҲŵõ˴𰸵⣬ôߣ˵
ʲô⣿ֳĬƬ̣ڡ
Ը⣬ļ䣬ǻָǰļ䡣ת֣˫ڣһֿ͸Ĺ⡣
ǰԹ棬ָǰļ󣬽ܶǣңָ㲻֪֪ˣͳǲҵ⡣Щ꣬ૡ
㵱ʱôشҵģĿãǰŮӣʵ
ǰִֻȥһδεֻأһʹҲһãĿ¶ӣ૵
ˡ֪̾һЩ飬ֻǶ˵ǰеǰȴһ£뵽ȸεУͬĻµͤڣԼһŮӣһŮӤԼǰ
ĻһֻɫĺҶ±꣬ŮԼΪŮӤһʱ˵˺֡
ֳĬУתԶȥ֪˺ѡ
һļ䣬Ѿ˺ֻܶ࣬ǵ⣬Сһˡ˵һ仰
仰һǵáۣ͡
ʲôûͣ٣߽Ļڡ

Ļڵ֣Ȼһ͵תĿ¶𺳣꣬ˮĬŵֽɡҲʶɿ·ȥˮʪ
īǡֵǰֳȸǣԼǵͽʿʱͬҲһҹڣһͷĴ󺺣˫ĿãԼ˵Ǿ仰
꣬죬ڵأмḶ́

һ仰Ժǹͷ󺺵Ŀ⣬ĸ֣Ŀڣһֵʱ͸ȴʹ
ˣãԸȥĴ𰸣뿪
Զʧķվããֱеɢȥɿ֣ڣֻɿų򣬻˼ȦԶȥˡ
ʲôʱԶҲȥôѡ񡣡ͷû¶ת˶ڡ
ؼ䣬һ·Ĭ
ֻأȥֻغǰʱûȥ뵽ңǲҲһֻ֮СֻУô˭Ϊҿǰļ䡣ţȻЦЦУ˫ˮ¡
ֻأֻأֻ֮ڣôҲѡᣬԶᣡǴЦУȻʼŻʳڣھŵʱǸӰ
ӰĻĶٴλ
أ
ۣ֮кã
԰ݣкã
پкã
ˣβ𣡣
ˣβɢ
پˣβϴ
ˣҪҵķʽۣôس˯ûȪֹֻͣòӴˡ
ૣ˵ڶ߻ԽԽվ춯أĻǴغ䣬½һ籩
½ݣֻڵϷһĳǳأǳǳغܴԶԶһſһΰĸо
ǳڣƫƧĽ䣬һ̣⻹㲻һ˿ĺܺãҪ̵ˣÿһΪĶԴǸ˶ʱ䣬˺ܺõĿڱ
Ǹ󺺣ԼʮӣΪ׳˿ϵشڣ֮ϵش
ӵĺԺһ˾סĵطһͻݵӣһŮ˿СŮڣҲȣԼĸףʱȥëײ
ÿʱǴ󺺶¶ĵ΢Ц
Լڵܼ򵥣һɰŮһԼӣ˵֪㣬ҪԼȥάͥȥԼһЩȥŮδá
ΪĿ꣬̾ҵҵŬȥÿһ顣
򵥣Уȴ͸һϧůǳ߻вһ𳤴飬ѾɼңǻǻʱһȾƣһЦһʱһĻĻȤ¡
ҹĻУʱҲ˯ʱһΣ߳һ㣬ɵۣŸ֮ˣɱ
ѪбУҲһŮƽ˪ڵŮһ֡
ֻǣΣϾǲʵģÿ¶ãŴҹգˣģҲжһĿֻÿʱͷ˯ӣӻȻһ˯Ů΢ЦУһС
ѡѡԼļˣε
֪żʱҹУҲһ
ֿ·ǳڣһңܸܵصҸ㣬⵱ĶɵۣΪ˷ˣȴõ˿ģõů
ֺĽأãתȥˡ
һѡҲ˹ȥǰȫĳڽУֻڣһδεһδεϧ
ǵѡȷġҵѡҲȷģૡ


2073 
ˮٻ÷йˣֶһһѰҵ⿪ǰļ䣬ѡĬĬȥ½ϣѾû
ȥţǰȥһ˪ԶԶĿţҸЦʱͬ¶΢ЦΪˡ
ǧĿԲһĻڿȥʱóƺһڣƺǴ˾ͽģ񣬳Ϊ˴˪ϲơ
ȥһǣ˺ӣֻԶԶһתˡ
ţޣ½һγֵĵطôֻ꣬ˡϤĴϣ·˴ţ·˹һڣһ·ȥ
ϤһĻĻ˵£ţ޵ģһɽ֮ϵգֿ·ĬƬ̡
ţֻףҶȹΣһԹ㵱жգΪ⿪µķӡָɣ
ѻأ޷ջأҽ⿪ӡԪ뿪½ȥԸ⣡ֿŴأڡ
仰ߣҲûд˷仰˵֮ȴǴȻ䣬һɵʹƬɽģһ޴Ӱ
ӰһţΪӴ󣬿ƿ֧һֶǰΪСӴţ꣬ȴɫ͸ֹ
ллԸ⡭˵ص͸˼ӡ̫̫ã죬ʱôţ¶޾ĸм
лң㵱жջرˡֿţֻ̧һָһָ֮£ȴţ͵һ¶ʹ֮ɫ˲Ϣ˸ķģЩһ㣬ϸߴõţڣһγһ塣
ڲϵš
ţӡĺġ
ɴϸɵӵ壬ٴһָȥһָУţзĺȻǱţڵ࣬ǲϵزۿɼٶȣȻС
Ƭ̺󣬵ָֻ׸ǴС֮ʱһĹţڷɳֵУһ顣
ţ췢һ˻˻ؼγһȦȦŰ˷صһֱնȥصľͷͣͷ֣ٴιݺһǣԶԶȥֱʧӰ
ţȥţ޴˲ͬȴѲʲôطһţʧغתߵڣȥ
ߵڣڡ
ⱻֵɽϣ̫ԶĵطһƬķϣѾܾû˵أһ죬ȴһӰɽ£Ͽȥ
һӣɫɽ壬ģܿһĴ
ߵڡĿ¶ӣ૵
ӿɬҡҡͷ˳·ȥߵĺҪסһһľڣȥˡ
ֱ͸˳ɽ·ߵ˴ɽĶʱߵڵɽɫ¶ã
ǰһУ֮󣬳̾һ߹һĴߵڷĺ棬ҵһ޴ʯţʯɽӣܷţϳ̦͸ζ
ʯǰӱ˫ۡ
ĴšٴʱǴţɬ
ź󣬾Ƕ硭ңǴת̾Դָǰļ뿪ڵţѭָо
ߵڣ˶ǰ
ЩǴḧãɫ¶ȻתҪ뿪
תһ˲䣬ȻŲһ٣һ΢Цһµ֡
ʦ֡ڡ
֡ӣˮлָǰļ䣬ӡ΢ɲ飬ٹһЩ£ȫɢ
ˮ֣ЦЦԽԽıϲǰһѱס֣ͬЦ
ǶĴǰһͬ£ȡ˾ƣˮһ
ʱţһУ˴˵ŸԵľ˵ţЦţҲšⶴʦֵܶˣ½طꡣ
֮ʱˮ˰죬Цкһھơ
ǰ֮£ɣȻ½ÿ˵ѡ񶼲ͬҵѡȴǲ
ҽ̸ķһУˮૡ
һȥôã궼ڵˣ临ֻǣûȥˮһϣûУֻʣ˾
峿⣬͸ʱˮ뿪ˣûѡҲȻٻص磬ֻ뿴һߵڣһⶴڵš
Ըˣֿ֣ϲãǣңҪΪΣȥ׷Ѱһʱ䣬һδֻأҲִš
ֿˮԶȥӰʧվǶĴ⣬Ŀ¶ӡ
еĹˣֻʮѡ˸֣ص磬Ϊʮ˵ʦߣһ㡣
ˣиԵΣʹȻתˣѡѡ¿ʼ
ƿǶĴţǴŴ򿪣һǿ֮ʱȥǿʧӰ
ţٴαպϡ
ߵڣǱһƬ֣һƬһƬʽķ档
硣
֮ıϣΪι̣ٽǧУһγȴûа취Ǳϴ
ֵ֣磬ȻΪһ˵һʵĴڣܶ˼ǵͬʱˣǡ
ǽڵʿҲˣΨȸϵĵⱻΪʥصĵطֵһ˵ż
һطйֵĹ£Ҳһֱɽ磡
⵱걻ִɽ磬ӽĴǨʿЩʿڵǳսдģвˣۿ֣ˣһͬս
ľüûȥѡ˶磬ɽУһˣһ
εҲûȥΪɽĵһǿߣػɽƽһЩˣӣҲûȥ
ֻǴ˿̣ɽڣȴһƬѹ֣һƬ֣ɽʿһĬ
εˡ
ӣֻʣԪ
ɽ죬һƬѪɫѪɫУӰ˸ʱ¶òͬдԩѪɫС
ʦʱѡѾȥ죬죬ϣǿһǵĴ𰸣˳ҳ̣򡭡ѪɫУһ꣬źۣ·ʿƿڡ
㣬ľüѡҲֻͬˣ󣬵ɽ󷨱֮ʱΪٵĵ£Ҿȸǣȥǽʲô֮˵ĵ񣡡


2074 ӣ
ֻʣԪڵӣĶѪڵ꣬ŶԷĻЦ
ôɽִڵȫսд֮ޣɽ磬һ仰ţӵУϴڵʿһȻ̧ͷ
ұʿϧһս
һʿһγһ˺գϵѪ嵭¶ѪһȺѪ۵Ӱ
ЩӰ棬һƬŨѪڷϥһˡ
ϼһƿٻʦԪ͸ңҳܵԪʲôζɫһ䣬Ŀɱһ
кξ壡Ӵ
ɽĴߣֱضһʱһ̣һӣҿεֵ
ӵԱߣεϥţɫ԰ףɡ
֣ҿȥĻʦǰֻ϶ѣɽ󷨾õİɣһҪʦƿҪɽʦ֣Ϳɽ˵ȫ顣
Ц˿̳ģֻһӰ䱾壬ЦУѪڣʧ
ɽĴ½⣬ֵ겼õ󷨽ܣһƬѪɫ֣Ѫɫϵʴ󷨣Ȼ˴룬ʱ䣬Ϳɽɽȫ򿪡
ѪɫӰһ㰲ƯɽǿУĺɢϵʴѪڡ
ЩӰ棬Ưľ޴ѪɫУϥһߣһۣͷҲǺɫ
˫ʱӡʹɽ󷨣졣
ֵȷЩֶΣõĽƣҲյʱ䷽ƿƸǹ죬ھһ˿˾ֵϢȫ֣ǿк俪ɽĻ־ԤС
ֻҪǿгֺ俪ѪɫʴɱܿϢ仯ΣϢֻ࣬һ˿Ļƿѡ췢ߣǳӣ
Уͷųįӡһ꣬˻굱ʱֺƿٵķӡХȥ
񾹻ָΪҾ߱뿪󣬴˳̣Χɽ磬ǿΪشε𣬸ǻ
ѪɽĴأ¶֮⡣
ڼеǿߣɽ磬Ϊûлָûаƿ˵ؽƣ˵ؽƾͿԱ򿪣ЩˣȫΪҵʳǵľѪҵΪضһΣΪ𣡣
һҳӳΪ𣬼ǻص½ϣҲԳΪһڵĴϣǸʱ˵ضҴл׳Ϊ𣡣˫Ŀ¶˷ܣ֪½ϣ٣ֻмٵӣһΪ𣬾ͿѰһ
ǸʱΪʿ½ϣضպա
ĻѡɻʡϧɻǿƣδػҡûɻʣҲȥһ
һ𣬶ʿΪ⣬ضܡʱеһӻ֪һУҪ鷳Ҳ壡
ΪûҸߣұȫѪ׳һΪ࣬ԸңܿԲ󣬵ˣҲеһӻ
ҾͲţڵһǰһһ𣬾ͻŵ𶯣̹Ĥݣ
ϾڴУһʿΪϣӶδ˼ļΪܣʲ󣬴Ц
ʦ𣡡ЦУѪɫڣߣϥһˣһ꣬˫ۣһݣǷɽϣ˻Ӱ
ЦУһ꣬ڶһʺԼĵӣʲ˼ǣȸĴˣ˵ֲ֪ٱһˡ
ʦǻûзڲϵͳΪ֮ӹ󷨣ǸӸǿɶ񣬻ʦƿ󣬽ӵԪӣõӺúõĥһ¶֮⣬ڡ
һӣˣӿŶԷϲ̵ı飬ͣҪľһӡ
ľüƿڡ
ʦǿ˴Ů˫ַϡæ˵
ĺաĿ¶һĻ˼룬һ֪һУʲôء
Σ˵ּ뿪˶δ֪µĺգһԽįҲӦ֮ôʦһֱôҵô깧˵
įˣȻįĴУô֣ҲҶĺޣԴЦж֮ɫһ
ˣľüΪʦΪѡĵ£ΪʦȥŮΪʦҪһ˺Ի㡣ǳ΢Цڡ
ˣлʦ𡣡꺬Цͷ
ˣٵ죡Ŀһ˫ʱѪңѪɫܣͷų˸Ѫ⣬ʹɽ󷨣ԽӵĴ
˿̣ɽӲϵѪⸯʴʱɽУһߵɽϣվһŰµŮӡ
Ůӵգһ㣬Ī˵ⶴ磬½ϣҲûκһŮӣȡ
Ƭء
ɽ紵͸һѪȣ˿˾Ķǵľ֮ϣ˿һƬƽ
ֻƽȴһ˿ãȻɬ˿üǿΪǣ
ʥŮ¡վһߣǰŮӣɫУ͸ǡ
󷨡졣
֪ˡһˣһľüգڡ
ԥһ£̾һȭ˺
ɽ壬ֻľüһˣĬĬվ̧֣֮һѾ
ģֱԴ䵱ʱŵϢ
һ䣬ӭ㡭ľüૣ꣬뿪ʱ˵Ļ
Ҳ䡭ľüɫ¶ˣĽĿ˾Ө
֣ľüеˮ£ĵĽϣ΢죬˳Žʡ
ľü૵У˿̣ԭķƽڵǿգͻȻƾճ˴ĿĹâǹâһһţӹڣ߳һˡ
£׷
֡
ǡֿһܣ¶΢Ц
졭Цݣ͸ĵϲãϤϢ֪Լؼˡ
ʶʶɢŰ˷Ȼɢ
֪ɽʲôӣҵ뿪ǰǷ̫ı仯ЩˣСૣͻȻһ٣͵̧ͷĶɽķϵЦɲǼ䣬һƬɱȡ
Ϊ½ǿĵһ˺󣬵һΣȫɱ


2075 Լ
ӡһ˿ɽһ飬ʶǳŵЩѪ꣬ǿɽ󷨣Ѫⸯʴ
󷨱ʴĳ̶ȣӦûҵʱ䣬ͻɢˡ
ĳӣֽ⿪˷ӡųʱĶԷ˵ǿˣ񣬵ԷΪȫָﵽ۷֮ʱֵĿУȴǴһֻϡ
ϣһָͿΡ
Уǰһȥʧڣʧ˵صǹҲ֮ɢȥӰδֹһ
ֳ֮ʱûɽĳܣһ̤Ǻܶûлɽڣĳ֣ɽڵʿ˲
˵ĳӵˡ
ɽ죬ˮǳΪ˳һƬƳģѹ֣յɫ⣬ϵһɽȴǰɽһһεĹճ
ֵȥʱеĵطԿϤеĵطȫİˡ
ܣֳĬ̧ǰһӣ̱âûֵǰˡ
룬Ψһֻصĵӣʮ
ʮǳˣֺһ۸أɫƬ̵Ļ㱱ϻָ糣ֱȭһݺվԱߣû
˵ҲãҲգֻҪܸʦңһоͶûʲô塣
ȣɫЩŹ֣˿ܺü۵Ķһ£ģֲɫУֺ֮⡣
ƴһطصСطļ󣬼ΪƵġ
Ϸдţ֪ôȥ½ǵطϴˡ
ˣ⣬ҪȥһˡԶߣУŲһһȥ
ɽһ֮ˣڷ̤ɲǣѾʶɨ˺ܶ࣬ľü
ľüڵɽ壬ӰҪȥһ֮Уҧ´̾еľĿ¶˾Ȼ֮⣬¶ĳ־ĵӡ
еĽסһյѪɫ͵תҪ뿪תһ˲䣬ľüȻȫһ¶޷֮⣬Ŀ󣬿վڲԶԼһӰ
һŰ£ӵһͷ׷꣬İ͸Ϥ
໥ţĿѪɫ£ɽΪɽΪ֣ΪУһ
ǰͬϤİڵŮӣĿ˸ӣɸӣܾõ¡
ǰֳںɣһĵŮֳȸĹУϢӰ
Ӱһδεı仯ڵƽļ˻ͣ٣ɬţֱٴζ뿪ǰһĻ续ļ䡣
һ죬ɽƮŵϸ꣬УһµŮӣзƮȻ
ˮڣһɡľŮӣڵĳ续һȾһͿ飬ĵʹأˣΨˮĻһɹһУʹǾӰƱһʵ
һ䣬ֿǰŮӣӰصڻĿС
ľüȥԼһУȫ㱼䣬ǰ°׷ӰĵףԽԽںϣգͬڻС
ϡ䣬ƿǧǰȸǵĺɣȺڣΨһһûԼԵꡣ
ȸĹУԼס˽ŲĮעԼǸӰ
֪ԼǷһк󣬷˻ԼǱĿ⡣
գǰĻ棬˶Է뿪һ죬һ죬ˮƾ˼˿֮⡣
ˮУԷӰİİĴʹǴʹʱԷĮ֪ͣΪΪһȥû˻֮ʱ
һ䣬ӭ㡭ľüҧ´һƬӨˮ˳۽£뿪δĴ
ֿŮӣ¶͵΢Ц̾ǰվľüԣһյѪɫ
뿪˶½ϣʼһ仰Ҫ˵һˣ仰Ҳ֮ˡֿգڡ
ľüվԱߣһ£˿һǻţ֪˵Щʲô
ֵ仰һǿҵĽţָоΪʥŮΪɽʥŮһǿ˵ǼΪ䣬⣬ûеڶӣ˵Ļš
еĻǾƽˡ
֣סǰѽʶ߬½ǣָ԰ס
üջؿѪɫյĿ⣬ߵľü˵
Ҫ˵ҲҪľüһɫ˲԰ףеĽ˵ϣ˺󣬴˿̵ԵôôĴһͿɽ䴵ɢ
ϵգ¶ˮģ͸һ޷Į
ҲҪ֣ҡҲҪľüеˮˣһε飬˳ʣϡ
ֿľüԼã͸Ŀ⣬̾һ
λҪһ⣬Ҫһ˶ϵġķѾҵٴ뿪󣬾ȥʱ򡣡
ľüᣬĴܲҪ˵Щʲôɫ԰ף͸ɬ
üȥģȥɡĴҲΡǰһУڼУ⳾ɡ˵Ҫһƽ
λȴƽҲҪһĸףһʩչε֮ңƽȹһֻأƽĸףûźҡҲûźľüڡ
ľüĬãȥˮӵĿ֣ĵ˵ͷ
һε뷲ֻغһôôڣҵɷ򣬶ôľüૡ
ֱ˫ۣٴʱ˵ͷ
ľü¶΢ЦǴЦǰߵֵǰס֣׵仳
ıľüԷϵ㣬ƿˡ
ǣ˵ϵĵһӵһηָӵȥһΰֻأһ󣬻Ե֮顣
ˣɽϣѪɫ£ʱ佥ţһ֮ϵѪɫŨһƬƬϸܵѺۣʱԱʱִľü뿪ɽ壬Զȥ


2076 
ӣ֡
εҲͬ֡
ɽڣе֮ˣ˿ȫˣһ£׷ӰĿеķ
һЩ̤뵽ɽ֮ޣǼ㵱ûһ֣Щй괫ţȴȫ˵˺ܶ顣
񿴵ɽһ㣬֮ǰѹ뾪ţ˲Ϣɢ
ֻԪ״̬ӣΪΪ֮һԪ鸽û˿Ĳʡ
εֳֺĿ¶ɣȴûпѯʣǵΪҪſ˵Щʲôգȴǻһ̾Ϣ
ֺЦϤ֮һһ󣬸ǿԶżɽʿ֪˵Щʲôϵָϸĺһ޾ɵӣиʿǰһ£Ц
ʮʼϲڲԶһƬյϥʱ˫ۣڿʱĿй
ջĿ⣬ֶһˣε
εɫв԰ףȻ֮ǰƶ˵Ǻصġ
̧εһָʱ֮ܵȻӿڣԼٶȣѸٻָ
Ƭ̺εɫٲ԰ףĺһֵ˵ͷ
ҵŮôε𻺻ڡ
ֳĬǰ
ֵı飬εĿһɫٴβ԰
ʲô顭֣ҡ
ûҵתֿɬĿڣεǰ½һǿߣǰ֮˵жٻ÷ĸףʼ֮
ûҵε˫ۣ
Ϊȥ½ûҵûҵſ˫ۣЦЦ͸һʧ͸һɷŭ
ʱͻȻѪɫմһ¡죬ȴѷ죬Ȼ˱ļ󣬸һЦ
ȶʿڤֿΪ󷨿赲Ϸô󷨼ƿϷȫҪΪϷΪѪʳʼ΢˵ȴ羪һɽĴأʹô˿ˣȫȥ
ľΪ˵ɽ֮˲ּ֪ȻڶԷû³ɽ磬ȻҲǲףֻǵֿܷǳӣȴǺ˿Կ϶
ɫ糣û˿ģһ־Ϳ֮Ϊ仯һУͿԸֵܵǿ
̧ͷУĿ¶֮ɫϵСߣҲ˺󣬱ȷԼ뷨
ԶʮգɫĮУкһ
ӡѾʧӦǻָ˼䡭˺ܾãʼûҵָо½ĳһ䣬֪ҵĴڣ֪ûյĺε𣬿ɬĿڡ
ֻҪɢһ˿ϢҶ̲ص˶磬ֻҪϢˣͬӦૣٻ÷һĸ飬ŮĽͬȴǵڶ뵽еŮӡ
ǡܸоⲻңҵֱۣĺʹʹ˼Ľʹһͬ˺ġ
һֱǵãٻ÷Լߣһ˵૵һ仰
֣顭
ֵݣֵĻεĬֵܸܵģ˽ԼŮ
պ¡ȴյѷΧı¶һ޴ĿѪ죬ǿڴɢѪУЦصɽ硣
Ʊѷѣɽ󷨣ڱӣյĸʴУһȱڣĵطڲϵɢò˶ãͿɽû˿ķ
Цһţ춯ء
ֻһѪӰХ䣬ǿڷɳȻϡЩѪӰЩܣ˿ճ֣һޱ飬·ˡ
ЩѪӰһһֺһź۵꣬ǿڣɫ⣬ɱڳֺػ
󷨣񻹲Ǳʦƿȱ֮ޣһҿǻôֿľüʦ֮󣬱ٻ֪ʲô֮䡭Ц߳Ѫ⣬˫˸·ȥһ֮£ĻȴȻֹ
˵ϣЦԼӣӾ߱ǿþľüŮĮԼĿеɫƿһˡ
һģǵϣεǰϥһӣӲû̧ͷԼӵһɲǣȴһԷӣЩϤ
⴩ź۵һУԺȻը죬Լ˫ۡ
ԷӣСȸǵĵ񣬾һһ
桭Ʒһ㣬ôҲǰ֮˾֡
ֻĲȴĸǰ°׷꣬ȸǵ棬ǵķ֣
ΣʦĶ֣ɫ䣬ʶ˺ʱȻɫһ
˼Ǿҵôһ֮ˣĪΪƾšﻹû˵꣬ڿڵһɲǣͻȻ·ǰ°׷֮ˣ̧ͷһۣĿһƬƽĿУȴȫ
ʮɱջĿ⣬ƽڡ
Զʮ˫Ŀһû˿ɣһζȥ̤գ̧һӼƣӣǰ˼еļ
ʮӣѡʺʮĹͨҴڵͬʱȡ֮ʮΪ
һ㣬޷Ϊֻ̤쾳֮ޣǿȹĴڣ˵²ѡ
·ɽʿĿУȴʮһĮ̻ƣȦɢһ죬Ȧɢȼһ
һУеѪӰܣȫȻû˿ĵֿ֮ǻڸգ˲Ϣ䣬һĲҽдʮĮĴӻ߳һͷ­
ջ𺣣ʮ뿪˲ϢɢĻǺɫֻ˲٣Ǿ޴Ŀڣ˿¶һߵӰߴ·Ⱥе֡
֣һ޷ţɫͻսΪȻʹղ𶯡
㾹ӶˣϷǰҲϣߣǳӣһյĿֱֶȥ
ֵΪȥһƬԷضһЩΪˣֶΣ½ѰԼս֮ʮİš
ֿǳӼ۶ɫƽ
û֣ȴſŵָϸСߣ̧ͷ˫Ŀ׹һȻһ
أĴ˵ɽʿ˫óһʶͣ˰գ͵Ŀȥʱľ
⡭ǡ
С߼ٷڴ˵ؼʿĿɿڴУȻͣԽԽ󣬺Ȼָ䱾壬һ֮Ӵؼ䣬ĳӣ
𡭡𡭡𡭡ӸоԼΡ


2077 ʶһ
½ĳӣ֪½ϣԶԶȼԾԼǿޱȵľλ
½ϣӵΪ˽ǿߣôἫΪϾʿνһ۷һЩţʿҲִϲεĴڣԾһǿʢռ
һ룬ҪΪʿƿɽ󷨣ĿҲˣҪЩɽʿȡǵľѪԼΪͻơ
ڿͻȻ֣һĴָϸСͻȻͻ֮ĺ󣬳һƬհס
ϴѹɽ磬ô˵ؾ󲿷˶ҪĤݵĸо
𡭡ǽ𡭡ɫ԰ף˫Ŀ¶֮ɫȥԼһС
ƽʱټĽڣǱʿҪϡٵĽޣ񣬾ⶴ磬ǰֻĵĸоóӼҪ衣
һ˶ͷ­͵һת͸ײĿ˫ۣĶųӣͺһ
һͺóȫҵ𶯣ԪȣҪһ㣬ָоٴĸǰǽڣ
ʶ˺󼸲ͷڳˮô޷ȥֵߣΪʲôһ
Ѿ˼ΧһεĴ
˺ʱȻһˣĳ֣Ǵ߷ɳǴǲԶһɷǵʿϷ
ǿû˿ѹû̫Ϊ˵бڸϢ½ֻЩ߲ŻķԼоȻΪߣ
⺣ģǸɷǵʿ֮ޣ
Ϊߣضʿĺѣλص磬ǵΪʶŻ˸档
ҿɷǰʿΪҲǲߣô;ˣ˶иʦ½ϵĳҲΨſԽ֮ǰһСĿһͷת˿̺ȷԼĲ²ȷ
˺УǽſѪڣҪɶ˲䣬ӺȻһ
һԣ֮ˣ֣ҲǺԶ⿴һĻ롣
ʦӦ֮һԵѵķɣλǰĵϵӣĻҲᱻѣ֮˽£ѲҪºӶлҲûа취ǽѹ£ӶݵûС
˵ȻΣݲ룬³ԷǱǺѱԼ˵ȴҪһ¡
ڱ˷ӡǰڶ޲һĻǶѼ֮Ըȫ͸ѣֻѸ̧֣һ·ı˿̱ǺţΪ־壬Ҳ˲
һ㶡
΢΢һЦûпڣͬģӵˡ
һº󣬺ȻЦɿȼЦЦǾĳӣҡҡͷ
ϷʦѮɽ࣬ǵһɱңʦض֪ҲʦΪ£һͬ𽻶񣡣Ӽ˻ɫ԰ףɫ¶Ŀ־塣
ҵһΪ̣ʦȥǶҪΪ¸ۣ֣ܲסʱ綼
ȥ½֪Ĵڣ֮£Ϸ뿪Ϸٲɽ⣬뿪磬ص½
Ӽ˻ִӶض֪Ĵڣⷬſá
Ŵ˻ʶĿһ֣飬óƶ
ɫЩŹ֣Ǵڿ־þһзѰĳӣ΢΢һЦ
ϷȥϷȥʦ壬ʦΪ£Ҳǵһ֮ˣһΪͻƣɽһ㣬½߳壡Ӽٿڡ
һôִϥУվӣϵĳӣȥ˾ϡ
ܵɽʿǲ˽ֵΪ˿ǳӵĻصĵһȴֻ֣оһ
εüͷȴûпڣӣͬɫʵȷţ˿˶ҡ
½ԭоŸһΪһ˵ɫƽ
ĿһЩҲ֪˿˿ڣĸΪȷ֪ǿױȡ
ֻЩɣἰʱóЩ֮⡣
ɼĴҲӵֻڣֻ˵ͻȻһת
ǵһˣĳҲҪ˱ܣ¶ĳ΢΢һЦ
Ļﱻǳó˫ۣ֣оӦǷˣû˸˵Ļ
ôĵӣеβȥ½ŵһǰȥ˵˻ǳΪĿ£ܿ־壬Դǳ
ô鷳ûż֣Ӹƿɽ󷨣׵ľͱɱѽ֮ŭ
һ˵һʦ壬ңд£̧ǰһӣغǺæˣȴɽгһ޴УвϵתǿӣƱһͨ俪ڵޣ½һ
½ϣǲãڻصŵĵһԺвϵĸغǽ籩⿴һĻĻı־ȥţȴ֪һжʵġ
½ĵһǿߣٲǹŵǸֲ֣
ʱͻȻǵһϣһ䣬Ƶ䣬һ޴ƾճ֣ڣֵĻǻ䣬õһɫ䣬Ȼķ֣Լ徹޷ʶڴ֣֮壬ֱжȥ
ڣһƬİĴ½ֵ֣ĻһߣһƿصǿҸоɱֻһ
ɽڣӴգճֵУȻһϢϢԶԶĸܹڵһ𣡣
ⲻܡܡ
£ûʶ𡭡롭𡭡Ϣŭڣ˵һɬ͸Ĺһ˿֣ĸܵ
ٵġǼٵġⲻܣַĸо޷һС


2078 㡭
ٵģû˿ƾյĴ򿪶½γнʶȡǼٵģƭϷ򣡣˫ͨ죬Ъ˹˻
ɫ沿ƴ˿˿־壬ǰһĻ޷ŵ飬
ٵģͳͳǼٵģһǼٵģ֣ϷɻʵΪѣȹɻšͷɢЦУ⻰һݡ
ŶǼٵôɻҵȷ޷ʶȡۿĲлꡣһӣʱϵʧһϢҲɢֻ½ĵһڣĵһĸܵһ˲䣬ԼĴֵǿ
㿴ҲǼٵôɫƽ䣬գͻȻɫâڡס
ɫâ˲Ϣۣһ޴̫һɴѹϺȻɢȫǳӵϡ
ͬʱɫУ¶ɻף¶ʹ࣬˵Ťȴм֮ˣһϳ
ٵġǼٵġȫǼٵġҲǴ𣬹ⶼǼٵģƭҡૣ˫ĿȻû˽㡣
չ˴ѹֵΪֱﵽ˰ֻ̤쾳ʱѹԱһƬԺ
ѹû˿ǳӵܣóȫľɵЦһ˲Ȼ
ͬʱӣˡ
޷һеʵȥ룬ԼȻڴһõһ־壬ɻʻ꣬Ǵ֮˵⣬ԼҪȥ̴ĺգһĺΪӡ
Լĺˣȥ
ĵ
ˣԪʹ࣬ȴĵַө°㣬޷Ƚϡ
ķʽֱӴݻҪִݻٵģ⣬񣬴ڵ⣬ȫ
ڴսĵڶ죬ִľüʮˣ뿪ˣǰΪɽ粼󷨣ǿ½ϣĻû˿ƿ
ǹŵҲС
ʱɽĲֵͳ֮֮ͨɽһĵҩΪɽպǿӣź󣬻һ죬ɽǿ߽һ㣬ǻֵ֣ͳ֮ˡ
ķ󷨣ĵҩͨͳֶ鱾ԴĸЩɽ磬Լٶǿٳ鷢
ǰγ̸Ƕ⣬ûе֪Ƕ̸ʲôĿȥ󣬾ѡ˱չء
ˣǺ嫵Ǻصȸǣȸϣĵǰϥպ󣬶һˣ뿪ȸǣȥڵĴսУΪ˷ǡ
ɢʶҵȥ֮صڣ뵽֮أϤĵطɵصĶУ︴ԭҵ˵ӡԨڵĻᣬŮӣ⿪ӡֻء
ŮӣأֿȥȻҪˡ
뿪֮أĴȥ˺ܶĵطѵһЩδ֮£ȥѰҴ𰸣һһȴ
գ߳˽ڣ˽⡣
ڽ⣬ֵһȥĵطǵĵ֮أ˶жȸ
˺ܶˡ
պֽ⿪֮صķӡȸˣԶıִ߳ǵ֮ҪƷһ̵ָ롣
ڽĽŲ鼰˺ܶĵطֿɢˣдܵѡ
ͬģҲڽһϣһӤ
Ӥ壬ĺģڳ˯ӣɭƣ־֪ܲʲô飬ȴˣɭͿ˾ĳͨ
ͨҪ»Ӥٴγɳ
ϣֿӤֱպѡȥǰһɭӤʱܵ
˵磬Ȼûܣ˵УǱصӣص߲ʣֻ˴ڵĺۼڶȻʧ
ȥ˺ܶطһصȸǣصļ硣
һأȴȥûʵȥѰң뿪ǰִãδãȻУϾȥᡣ
񣬵վȸʱǵħǽ֮صڴ
֮أ˵ɭȥ̮ȴôһ˺ܾõĿռ䣬̤뵽Ĺ֮أҵͷޡ
޵ֵʶһһһͷ­
ֻҵʱѾ֪ȥ˶ֻ꣬ʣһߺǣվǺԣĬ˺ܾãĿʼǺͷ­еһ
һ˵ͷǣȴûСһȭͷͷǣɫ¶ãĴڣһһһͷǡ
ǸͷóͷǷһʱһһƬɫĹ㣬ʧˡ
ϳʧģӵһõġ
ģֵԺһ˿򣬵ȴֻһ޷ץס
ֻأôȥʱȥɢڡʣµģֻڡָͷǣ
ͷǣͬһڴ˶Ĳ²ʱĶӤͷ֮һĿ־塣
־ĲǴǴ٣ɹֻأǲڡƽ
˴𰸡
ͷǣת֮߳ڵĿռ䡣
ƵĵŹʦԣ˵Ѿҵͷ׷ͷ仯ôǷ˵һ죬һ˿׷ҲͷһֳĬУ뿪
ţתʮꡣ
ķӡͱ⿪ָ֮󣬰Ͳסֽ»ĵ⣬һʮǰȥ֪ȥ
ˣһڶ粻ܵ˿˺ֻȥ۸ˣ۸ǡ
ǰһĸҪȥ׷Ѱƭռֻã֮ϣһЩҪһ˼Ը
Դ֮ͬ󣬲ɵðĿ˵ӴϣΪӡ
ǾһվѰӴ顣
ʮһû뿪ȸǣѡõıչأȴʦѣΪʦ𻤷
Ϊʮ磬Ҫǣĵͳּеͨ
鱾Դĸʼ񲻶⣬бԴʮȻۡ
ǰ˼֮ʮƶԴ־˵츳
ΪֻģֻʮԼΪߣȸϼǰһ㣬ÿʿĺ䶯
ҲʿҪץԵ˿ͷ֪޵Ĳ󣬱㽥󶼱ܿǡ
޲ˣʱ뿪ȸǣǿˣʱţȸϵʿҲϰĴڡ
ľüʮǰһͬһɽڵĶڣʩչε֮ǣľüȥ˽üĽĤ
⿪üĽľü֮䣬᲻ͬ
ʱţתֹȥʮꡣ
ȸǵʿǲ֪ڴе֣ͻص˼磬ֻ֪ڶʮǰһɽһĮʿռݣΪ˽ء
κ̤벽һοǾ棬ڶʱɱ¾


2079 ʱ
֪һ죬ҶƮʱžϷ裬ҪѰҡ
ɫգƣһƬǴϣ峿գһũ԰һӡ
Թڴ˵صİգܶһӶû̫߳Զ˵ԹƫԶ֮أһɽµСɽˡ
峿ķ磬Ҷʱ֮Ӵͷƶ𣬸һЩƤĺͯţŴ˷ܵЦ
һɫĽӣǴбȺӵţһĺԺͣ£֮УȻ⻧˼ңӭȢ
⻧˼ңϾ˵ľһһ˵￼ˣȴ֪ΪΣû뾩ǻص˴˵أס
ѹȥ˶ʮ꣬Ȼ꣬һӣҲˣ죬ǽֵĺӣϲӡ
ﳤ󣬸Ĵ񶼶˽⣬⺢ӺܿһưͣǳĬĿԶ֪ڿʲô
ֵʱǽڣ߳һͷźŮӣŮӵ֣վһԵţԺڡ
˵Ůӣ궼Ĵ氮ĽҵĶŮǴ˵صĸ˼ңŮСʱ򣬾ϲһ𣬶˿˵÷ԿСһһͬʱԶ
񳤴˵ĳףû˾⣬ֻвˣĽˡ
廧ҵϲ£سôţǼ򵥣˼Ҳϲ磬ȫ֮أɽʱˡ
ʣµʱ䣬ˡ
·Уһ֣ӵĸʱһžĶǰա
Ůӣü
΢죬֣Ц
Ŀۣƴ͸£һδֻҲעӣֱ㡣
ǳɻĵڶ죬üԺĶ΢Ц֣һľΪԼӣһĻ
ƽ͸ܰתۣȥ꣬һӣһк֣ƽ
кǴڳһڣܰУԲӡ
ƽûŸ׶飬ѡϴľգƽСɽڣһֱȥ
üںӵĸѴ󲿷ֵʱ䣬ƽϸźˣϸƽ£˯ȥ
ֱʮƽʮһ꣬ѡ˶뿪Сɽ壬ȥ棬ȥμĴ󿼡
ߵһ죬ĸԺУĸף˵ڶĸ׵ľľɺ
ƽɹĿȡ˹ȥ˾ǣüһǾУס
ţ֪ģüͷ˰ɫƽ⾩书Լĵ·
ʱƽȢˣһ֣ܺˣһŮӣھǵĸ˼ҡ
üТ˳УҲ꣬ΪӴ֮󣬴ƽɼң󣬻߷ϣܳʱ䣬ص
üѡ뿪뿪˾ǣصƽɽڣȥꡣ
ڻصǴϷӺΪü˵ľľϵգµĺۼɻǺ
ƽû̫Ĳֺÿһ죬üһ𣬾һû˵һ仰ǿճ䣬Ϧȴܰڣأ׷ԽԽˡ
ʱܰţһҶʱüѾȫǵĺƽЩżÿһζûж̫ãִҴȥˡ
ˣԺڣüЦŶֵ֣һľüΪ̻Уһľˡ
ľֵнճüӣȴİ׷Բԣ統ǳ׵ĵڶʱһ
֪һûк˵㲻ư͡ü֣εĵ̣Ŀ¶ᡣ
̧ͷü¶΢Цҡҡͷͷûпڡ
ǵĵ죬üˣڴϣϵɿԿʱڴֵ֣һֱɡ
֪㲻ư͡
ǵСʱ򣬵һôʱڿգҺܺ㵽ڿʲôһȥ
ʲôҲûпʱͻȻڣ˵ĵһ仰ǵãҲǵáü֣еᣬˮһ
˵ӡҵɷ򡭡עԵ֡üУϵ΢Ц֣ͣƳǼС
ͬЦü֣ûɿ
˾ţü˵˵һӵĻ˵ʱ˵ųɻ֮˵ƽ
ƽǸúӣˣԼĵ·ǲһӡߺ󣬾ʣһˣҪչüૡ
ҡͷüĿ͡
ü˵Żֱһҹȥֱ峿ʱ紵ſݻƵҶطʱüĿãֵ֣Ȼס
Ƶ˿˺ⷴһ壬ٴעһ
ҿˡ֣ҿˡӣ¶ϲָŴգֿ˵
ҿСʱһ𿴵еʲôĿˣҿϣһ㣬һҡ
ˡˡҡҡü˵ţȻˮһĻʹá
ҡôüеˮˡ
һжȥˡü˵˵ǳɻ󣬵һ仰ɳƣ̺͡
һҹƽޣȥ˹ְص˼磬׼һֱ鸸ĸʱǷڣĸ˯һ΢Цȥˡ
վڸĸǰããˮԺиָĸСʱ¡
˸ĸƽˣסϷֱţֱȥֱ˫ۡ
ʮػڣüϥۣ֮䣬һתӣɢĹ⣬ưǶһ
һ죬ſۣԵŮӣãá
Ůӽëһ£Ҳ˫֣˵Ŀעӣεһ㡣
ôľüૡ
ˣۣʱһлµĿʼڣ֪ǰŮӣԼĸܸӣֻεĸӣվɲ֡
ľü֣֪仰ʲô˼ȴ˳ӵıۣˮһ˲¡
ɡĶߣϤ
ʱˡ


2080 ʲô
ľü뿪ˡ
뿪ⶴ뿪ȸǣһˣߣһŰµӣһͷ׷òѰȴ͸һ˵ʣ˺ľü֣εһֻʱһֱţɿ
ϡ䣬ľüеĻ
㡭ǷǱ塭
֣ߡľüڡ
ľü֣أ¶΢ЦЦݺܿġ
ǵԶȥֱ뿪ȸǣ֪ȥ򡭡
ǻʧʱǴϣһǿĵطվԶȥ¶΢Ц
Ǳ壬𰸣ֻ֪
ľüȥģֵķ￴ǵģı壬Ҳǡǡ෴
ûд𰸡
ʮҲ뿪ˣһ׷ѰֵĽŲȥɣˣҪȥԷ꣬Ƿȥʺ磬ֻſĳɳΪһ֮ˡ
ˡΨֻȸϣüǰȥ˸ĸһȥݺǵĽסļҡ
һţȴָɽȡ
ɽУ־סĽ飬ƽĽһֻأںܾúܾǰһֱ
¶ĵƽУܰ
ʱһһţʱ︴Уɽ˺ܶ໨ݣǻʢ䣬֮裬նƮѩ
һֱĽĶƣȥǧǰ
ʮꡢʮꡢʮꡭƽɽڣ־סʮꡣ
ĽһУȥΪȥǱԴĸ򣬲ȥһıۣУֻĽԺڣֻһӰĶߣҲֻһл
صĵڶ꣬ڵɽȣӭһˣˣһͷӣò統һû˿ı仯
ɽ⣬վãɽڵİٻţǻеľݣľǰϥ¶Ӱ
̾ɫ¶ꡣ
Уһƺ̾ϢУ߽ɽȣ˻ֵߣ֣ããϥֵĶ档
̧ۣͷǰͷӣ¶΢Ц
ˡ
ǹͷӳĬĵ˵ͷ
ô˰죬ͷӰѾƺݸ֣ԼóһߺݺݵĺһڣǾˮ˳һЩ£ϡ
ûȥֽӹƺһڡ
ĥԼǹͷɫӣ֡
ĥôૣžƣûмڡ
ɡ㲻ɹģȥۣҲۡǹͷҡͷڡ
ҸóƺΪīǣһ֡գĬƬ̺󣬻˵
ͷӣǵҹڣ˵īǣ
īǡһֱ֡ǹͷ̾
֣һеĴ𰸣ԼӦҲ²⣬ҿȫ㡭㡭īҪڡ
Ҫ˵Щ飬Լȥ˼ҡͷžƺһڡ
ҺȾưɡңѾܾûˡ΢Цīǡ
ͷӳĬžƺһһڵĺţֱҹֱûп˵һ仰
Զߣٴ˹֮ʱīվ֣̾һ
ˡϣԳɹûȰתԶȥҪ߳ɽȵһ˲ŲͣûлͷǱ֡
ʦ㣬泾Ķ̣ʱ黹īǻɽڻص˵߳ɽȣԶȥ
ϥžƣīǵĻȥŲʡ
һЩ飬֪Լ֣ȸǵԹһľļͥУһСɽ峤
һһ̤֮·һһߵĳ̶ȡ
ĽԼľĳʶĳֻźľ񣬶ģѡġ
ңҡĿûãһƬ
īҲãҲգīǵʦ𣬻ӡǶΪ磬½ȫõģǲʵģҵһֻεૣЩ飬ˣ
ֻǣô΢΢һЦվ죬˫Ŀ¶֮â
ӣΪҲ֪ôĿһգģƿ֮⣬½֮⣬ޱ޼ʵĺڰУһź£ӵһͷĺڷһɻɱ¾ңңӰ
ӰǰеĿ꣬½
ӣһеĴ𰸣̫ңңȥ㣡֪ʲôִ࣡һ˦Уһͷǡ
ͷǣڼ
ͷһһһС֣ϸ֣ܿʧˡ
ǣˡջĿ⣬΢΢һЦתľݣĽԱߣ˯Ŀ͡
ΪѾ֪ķʼŵڣѾʼˡ
Ŀ¶һ˿ȷΪ
ⴺﶬĲϽУţɽڣĽѾȹ˺ܶ꣬ƽһ˻ε⣬еһĻ
Ľ˵Żż䣬ԼС
ЩʮΣÿһζɽУּ£ȻٴȥԼ޵
룬֪ʲôҵӴ飬֮£ⶴ߳ƣΪ֡
ǵת½ʶͨǶţִֵ飬ֵİҲˡһںɨҲϲһĺ뿪˶磬½ϣʼǴľ
ֻǰһڵź򣬸ǰķУֺЦУԼϢӡǣ⼸ƽ˷ܵȥ
ŻƤнսģƭ޷֮
ȥĵʮִ꣬Ľ߳ɽȣ߳ȸǣ߳˶磬ȥ½
ǰʶɽ磬ʿԼµĵͳʮ˺ܶˡ
ջʶһⶴ磡
µʱ䣬½̫񾳿֮ʱֵһվ
̫߳ʱһ𡭡ૣһ̤붴ĴţʧӰ


2081 ٺ
ȥˡ
Ӱʧⶴ֮ʱУһƽϣһŮӣһɫ㷢վڸ߸ߵɽ嶥˿紵ȹ趯ɫƽдŵš
죬УǽȥԿǳǳë˿̣Ŀдãڷһ˲ܵһʶ٣һٺʧӰ
ΪǴǵʶʧʱȴǰƾճһö򾲾Ưɢ͵Ĺâһ
ӷ
Ŀǰ͵ĹâɢУ͸¶һϤϢǹϢƻǣƣ
֡ӷĬ˺ܾã̧֣򣬱ۣʶڣ棬ֵ
ããӷٴʱϣ¶͵΢ЦЦݺ
ͬⶴУǽһƬǺУдʯƯ̺֮ĳĹеĻһ޴ĻΣתš
ĵһž޴ʯڣϥһߣɫƽɣÿһʱ䣬лɫĹâ˸£һɻɢʯУɢֱ˵ʯա
ںʱﱾûЩʯ֪һ꣬ٺ󣬴˵ؽƾճԽԽʯͨ
ߣǵڷɽڣɽѷµʯˮһսУǸΪΣ
˿˫ĿպϣУǹʯ֮Ƴ壬ڵЩʯ˵
꣬ϷͿȫĻָʱ뿪ص硭ۣĿƿԴ͸ʯƽ嫵ǿա
Ƕ֮ޣ½ߵڡʵϣֻ߲𣬵һ˵Ӱˡ
УⶴҲвᣬѾܾˣĬ꣬̾һٴα˫ۣҪһ˲ͻȻһʶ֮ȻڵƬʯɨ
ʶǿһ֪ʶԼôԼʶ١
ܣʶǿȻ
ʶһɨûͣ٣ֻɢ߾ɲУǰȴƾճһҩ
ǵҩͨ죬ɢ˵ֻ֮һҩ㣬ڵʯ֮ѹơ
ŵҩ뷽ŵʶأҵһ˿Ϥɫ㱣֮ૡ

ͬģһ̣߳磬뿪һɲǣڽǺУһƽڣڴǵĺУ˫ͬ˯ӤƤһҪ
ãʼûۣǽٴƽڳ˯֮ˡ⣬ĴӰ˷ӤգΪɳ֡
ǰһöʶ򲢷ʵʴڣǴʵ֮䣬ƯȴӤѺ󣬿һ졣
ӤڵǣΪƽʲôĵط˵еĻǱǴǿԶԶһһ
ϵһɽѪ˿һƬƬãĴ󺣣ͫİףǺеĴ½ȥͫס
˻ӤɭҲⱻɭҵҾڴ˵س˯ǡ
磬뿪󣬳ƽ֮УϢڽ׳󣬸һɼ˿Բ̤˶ʱء
Աʹö磬ٲ顣
½ϣУǶڣţڣֵһɽУһ죬һɺƵ֮𣬻⣬Ű˷ɢ
ǾɢȥߵڵɽڣǶԣִŰ£һͷ׷˳
꣬գһ˲Ϣվ½죬ĬƬ̺󣬾ǰȥ
ߵڡૣ뿪ǰ̧һ˦һɿɨߵں󣬴˵صķɢȡ֮ģһΪׯϵš
˵أΪдӶ뿪֮ˣǵļҰɡУһץ̾нʮ˸һֱգŰ˷۶ȥתɢ
ʮţصĶط
һƬɳĮߵˮ죬̧ͷУһ˲Ϣ٣ڣһƬ̺ۣ¶΢Ц
ӣռۣǰһ⣬һߣУȴ̲˿־壬չȫӶݡ
ɫ׷ϣʱһƾճ֣üģ˫Ŀһһţ޵ķͣ׷ٶȴǸ졣
أ㣬ȵȼеĶת֮ˣȫõٵĹţܵߵڵڣһΪˣǶߵڵļ䣬Ҳպѡ
һߵڣ߳ɽţߵһĴ󣬴󣬿ȶɽĻܷ̫߳Ա֤ƽߵڵĴڡ
˴£ûлͷһȥӰ͸ֱʧˡ
ʱ䣬ɱȷʿ˵ȴǲӳΪɻʣƶΪʼŻ𣬲֪ˡૡ
ҡٻ÷̾ܲ³ٻ÷ˮһضлָ˼䣬Ҳܸܵٻ÷Լԭ
ĬĬףô̧ͷԶ죬Ĭһֱǵãٻ÷ૣǷĹ¡
ãֱۣŹķһȥ
Ӧ˹ŵ̫ʱҪӹķȥּǵõĳŵӰպ߹壬ǲãرԵŴصģ籩һĺǽȥˡ
δٵ̫־ͿǺĺХ֮ƾ˷ƣĻûоͷĺǽٴοȴǱȵΪ
Ǻ¡֮УǺǽٵתĲƣڰյĺˣϵ໥Ļ£ҪȥǾŸ޴֮ͨɢɫâʹЩâǽ˵ھɫλ֮ڡ
λãأȡ˳ڣ޷԰Ρ½һй̫񾳵Ĵţǳǿ
վǺǽһ࣬û˿ɣ͸˺ǽڹһƽϥ£º󣬴˵صĿ
ʱٽ½ϣ壬壬Ȼ׼ıս޴ӳ˯ѣ۷


2082 
ɵʿϺʹõĴһŲãشͶ
巽λҲԴ͵ķʽŴ˵١
һսǷʹչ֪һУҪһ˷̫񾳵˫֮ˣһٳִһĴ𣬿̫ڣٴλ
ЩǷչսĹؼ
ɱƽգһƽⱻƣôȻ²ŵ޷̫߳Զǰ£ⳡս⡣
ǹ˱ܣҽս̤Χ벽
û֪̫ǴӺʱ֣ڵʱ䣬½ҪԶǵ棬Ǵڵɶ̫񾳵˽⣬ȫ
ϥǺǽ籩һ࣬ŷ籩ͨγɵţŽıպϣȻҪ˴򿪵ʱ
ûżȴһѾǧ꣬Ҳôµʱˡ
ֻǣģȴһʡ
ûʼڣʼǷļƻ֪̫񾳣һʲôֳĬУãһûд𰸵⡣
ֵȴ̫񾳿ʱھ뿪ֻһµһ죬صķХǹλ
졢ޣصļŴ
ɲٽֲԶ˵Ӱ츴ӵĿֱ֣ȭɫΪ
죬μ𡣡
ǼһĴͬĬУֹȭ
Ȼǰ֪ˣ½ϵĵһǿߣٲǹŵ𣬶ǰ֮ˡ
һ㣬ǰĿöһĻȥ˹ŵɽŵѶõһĴ𰸡
ޱȵ꣬˲٣ϴ΢ЦǰĵӣΪԷǿϵϲá
ҪһͬݣϾ½ϣǿΪ
ٵһ˲ȻվӣǽǼŴ٣ˣ޵ĵȴû˿ĳɣһݡ
֣μʦ𡣡
һĻǼŴһһ̫ʦͽĿ֮£Ҳ൱ӳΪǿߺ󣬲ʦ飬һЩһʦ𣬿ʵֻǱˡ
ִ˿̵ϣǶ˿ĸܣΪ½ǿ֮ˣּһݣҲӦ֮£˵ǵŻʹҲѾնʦͽ֮顣
ޣ˲ϵʦʦԼ½ǿߣδǿ塣
ſҪ˵Щʲôȴǻ΢Ц֣˵ͷ
ֶ޵𾴣ڽУǼŴ𣬶ҲѰЩһǱ໥ƽȣǼŴȴǶ޴һ˿𾴡
½ǿ֮ˣ˹ŵֳΪʦ𣬽һ㣬ԸıһС
̫񾳿ǰĵʮ죬Ǻǽ籩ͻ䣬ȴ⺣ǽĺ˲Ϣ֮Ǿ죬ԽһЩͽʿǳڸҲض޷ܣ飬̱
ÿһ̫񾳵Ŀ֮ûеͽʿðմڣȥһδԭҲ֮мع
£ͽʿ޷ʱţ֮ԽԽң֮ʱأΪڵʿٱɡ
ʲôػҲû˿á
һ죬֮Ժɨһпսµʿʹô˵أٵ
ź֮ĻǺǽڵľɫâĿϣڴϣܵһδ֪Ǿɫƣ͸һ絶һ֮Ǻлһһܺɨ
ɫ糣ĿǺǽڵľŸɵĴţ˿ɶ֮ԻͻȻĺΪŵɶ
·һڣźҪӴгһ㡣
ԾǺǽ籩Իڡ
Ҽǵһ̫񾳿ھ뿪֮һʱ˳ֵǿҵ£ȴǰһܡüͷ
һ̫ڵʱҼпܣٴξֹʮȫ߱黯ںϵˣҲ޷ˡɫ¶һ˿ǡ
һԣǺǽ籩ڹסܾãףֶʮȫ߱黯ںϵˣĽȽϡ
̫񾳿Ŀսʿᱻ˫̫ȥһܷõ컯
ֻЩ˲ص㣬ص˫֮ˣΪصģǺܺԾΡ
¡֮ǰһܣôһܹ󡭡Ƿ⣬Щɡ
ջؿǺǽĿ⣬һܸܵں󷽹صķٹˣ۶ǵٶȣԤ󣬽ȫ١
ʱһȥڵڶʱ˵صĺ֮һεıʱٴӡ
Ǻ֮ʹô˵صض˲ȣ뼫Ŵ𣬾ɫ¶֮⡣
磬̫񾳿ֻʮ֮ʱƽ⾪ĺ£Ĵ˶С
Ĵˡ
ʱǺǽһ࣬Хֻоõۡһ˫Ӵû٣ѡء
̫񾳵ջû˫̫Ķ˼˺ܾãѡ˷ϣΪء
ǳΪɻʵǣͬû٣˫ӵѡһϡ
õٺĲ˴˵صĺ֮ͬһ˼ɫʱȻ޵һо˲
໥ۣ˳źǽһƽ֡
һμ𡣡һû˿ɣ̱ȭһݡ
μ𡣡ɫ糣Ȼʱ䣬Ѿһʵ˿̱ȭһݡ
õԥһ£ֱ̾ͬȭȴûп˵Щʲô
ֵ˵ͷ΢΢һЦ
þòˡ
мˣû뵽Ϊ˳̶ȡˣůɫ˵
˽̸У˵ĺ󷽣ĳԶ֣߳ԼٶȺХЩˣǹУ˷ѡ׼̫֮ˡ
ͬʱǾõ۵һ޴Ĵƾճ֣߳ӰڵĶˣֶ֮ؼ
Щȫٽֵһ˲Ϣô˵صĿռ˲һȻǺǽ籩ĺһεıһε죬زʱԱܻһֵĿռѷ졣
һĻɫһ䡣


2083 ̤ʸ
Ǻǽ籩ĳڴ˿ķʽȻأܿռ˴ѷ죬ԺХķʽһɼ̺⺣ǽ籩ΪģŰ˷¡¡ȥ
ٵûĸոٵǿߣ˿̼Ǹովӣ𺳵Ŀǰĺǽ籩ĸ̲ܵһԽǻ֮
һ־壬ɹΪΣ֮˸Բ̶ͬȵĵֿ롭ӡ
֣֮ӣĶУû˿𶯣پǰҲûľʸ
޵ĳ̶ȣĪ˵½½ؼ䣬ľ֮֮ȻΪ
ȴǲˣ˵ҵûյ̫Ӱ죬ףЩʿǣкܶ࣬޷ܡ
ûгɣ⺣ǽ籩һɲǣһΣֱӳЩԣһ˦Ȼһ־޴̫ΪЩˣȥֿ⺣ǽ
ǼŴҲ׷ˣЩ¶ŵˣͻȻĺ£ûˣûкˡ
ͬˣõˣͬʱ֣ԸԵΪγ˷ʿǺдڡ
Ψְϥ£Ǻǽ籩ԣƽĿȥ
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ʮĽȻףܵɹ֮ˣۡ
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һε̫񾳣йŹ֣Ϊ죡
ǽ籩ɹλ𣬸໥˿ɫ
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뿪֮յĵھƻ֮ʱǺǽ籩ĺȻ޷ȥݣչȫҲ޷ֿ
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о죡޷ټˣ̶ֳȣѾ̫񾳿ʱһӣټȥ콫ҵҲû̫ǰˣ
˴̫񾳿ǲô̤롭⼱ٿڣһԣĬе˵ͷ
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£ʿȫˣٴ뿪ãأ
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Ƭ̺⺣ǽ籩˫ʿֻвһٵӣļ٣ʹɹѹҲʱ˴롣
һжֿɳĬû˿ٶֻǺǽ籩ɾŸͨɵĴżķ϶ƸһЩ
ʱٴţתֹ죬ǿ֮գֻ죬˿⺣ǽĺ֮֮ǰҪǿȻǴδ̫񾳿ʱɹɫ͸˽ǡ
Ѿһε޷ܣٴμĻҲܵǣ
֣޿֣һԿǽУֿڡʵϣǼŴѾϣϣֻҲɻΪεʱ򣬹ŵû١
²˼µʱ޵ĿںǼŴ̿֡
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еԾ𶼻ѡ٣ʮһˣԾУѡ˵ߡ
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ʱ䣬ڳˣͬǼ尾ﾡ٣֮ǰĻȴǳĬУ˳ɡ
ʱٴιȥ죬뿪֮Ҳֻʣʱ˵صĺǽʱֹ˴ʣʮһԾڲУĬĬȥѡ˴ͳƬãء
õϥһûҪӻԾ˿ȫȥֿǺǽĺ֮Ǽֵʱ䣬һЩ
ŷںǽһʿһĻĿɬԤУ˵Ӧġ
֮ǰֳ֣ԼҲǱһֻʣ˴ڡ
죬ҲѰ죬ⲻ֪Уȥһ죬һŶȥһ̣˵غǽķ籩Ȼһֲֿĳ̶ȱ˰ٱ
ٱرΪƬɢʹأΪޣǾõɫ˲԰ףû˿ԥѸٰʶһ𣬺Կ
ߣ糣޵ûиܵɺıпһУȴǶֵǿµʶ
뿪ǰĵڶ죬ŵˡ
ĵϢ·ʹ߳ϥֵԺһǺǽ籩̾һ
ޣ£ˣ뿪ɡ˵ţ̧ǽһ֣ȴЩãʧˡ
ֿ˹ŵһۣû˵ǼǺǽ籩ʯŵķ϶ˣĿУ¶һ˿ڴ
˿̣⺣ǽ籩⣬ֻǰ˴ڣһƬޣѾͬáһţǿǰһ쵽ʱ˵صķ籩ޣγһУмת£ľõˣѪ˺ǧɣڲУ֪ԼѾ˼ޡ
һһҧȥε⣬ΨǾõۣɫŤ𣬵ͺ»Ҫ֡
ֻʱһɬʧ


2084 Ůӣ÷
õ۲УεȥӰ黯Ӱ֮⺣ǽ籩ԣֻʣ˰޵ڵˡ
Ҳ°ɣһҲȫԴǼ£Ҳ޷̤һε̫񾳿
һ㣬ϷҲǰŲŵǺǽ籩ڡ
˳ĬŹŵһݣڿõεȥǾѾ֪һεĿǿԲġ
Ҫȥʱޡ
ʦ𡣡
̧ͷ֣¶΢Ц
ʦתڼһ̤̫񾳣ƽػʦתû߳дڣҲʦƽޣ̧һץ̱һ֣ĵݸޡ
ûȥ鿴֣֮ڡ
Լ
ֵ˵ͷ
ޱۣٴʱתǼŵź󷽻Хȥת۲Ӱ
˿̣⺣ǽ⣬ֻǹŵˣĬĬشڡ
ʱ仺ţתǻƻ裬뿪֮ʱֻаʱһɲǣ⺣ǽ籩ĺﵽ۷壬γɵУڼٵת£էһƱֹһûӡ
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һеĺڶϵȡĺˮڣʹ⺣ǽķΧСٵ
˵صĺˮȫʱ̫񾳿֮ʱŵǺǽ籩ڣ䣬ĴֶС
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Ϊһ𰸣ŵתͷ֡
һҴ˹ļڵĳɣȥɵĲ²⣬ȷҵһ죬Ѿ˺ܾãĵҵ𰸵
𰸡ૡ
ҵ𰸣ҾͿ뿪ĴأȥκȥĵطˡŵĿһ˿ӡ
ͷ­Ӧÿˣǰǰģûʹ࡭棬ͬҲѾȥˡ
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ˣΪۣȥ׷Ѱһ𰸵ͬʱҲΪ壬˴еĸԴǱɡŵૡ
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ʱʱ䣬ţǺǽ籩екˮȫɵĸɸɾǺ֮ȴɾŵǰû˺ǽƵǾŸ޴ͨӣɢĿľɫâɵ̫񾳴ţأˣ
俪һ˲䣬һɲƴɢɢٶ˲ϢͺɨãأŹأȻȥ
Ⲩãɨʱ˵صķ磬ֹˣԶȥ磬ֹգһ
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УһйתһеһУһ˲ȫ̡
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ΨãصģɾŸɵĴţڻش򿪣ֱƬ̺ȫĿھɫâƣ¶һ֪ͨʲôطͨ
һεĿȻһŵૣǹɲ̺Ծֹ̤쾳µһдڡ
ŵ˫Ŀһû˿ɣ֮ǰһֱǴ˴ŵľɫâȥʧڣӰ
˿̣⣬ֻʣһˣۣٴʱǴţһһ̤˽ȥ
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ʿУ˲УеĴ𣬶û˿ʶڷţʧȥԼʮϢʱ䡣
ʮϢʱ䣬УУÿһУÿһʿУ˸ϣȫʧȥˡ
Ʊһɹߣȡ½ڵʮϢʧ̫񾳵Ĵڡ
½ָʱǲãеľŸӣɢڸصĹâʧӰ
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ãɢȥΨһڵľ޴Уڴ˺ȴ޾ĺˮйһãڡ
Ǻˮ£֮ʱ󣬲ãٴγΪ˴󺣣Ǵޱ޼ʣĻ֮ɢǻָ糣ĺȡ
һУָҲˣ֮ǰȫľָֹʼһеĺʯڣһŵͥԺеӰ
᲻ڰΪ򵥣ȴһ֮ܰһϸˣƣȴɿԿʱ
ϸԱߣһŮӣŮӴŰɫӣֻܿһͷ㷢䣬ӰֻУȴһƱƣ˲֮⡣
·ˮеᣬˮ¿ʱ̳һˮһ£Ըܵζ
÷Ҫȥ㳣ˡ㲻Ҫޡߺ󣬾ʣԼһˡҲֻͬͨˣԪޡ߱˹С㡭ҪúչԼϸһĲᣬڡ
¡
±ϾֻǹһѰ˰ˣԪѾļޡ
֪ϴ˹¡ҺܶοһˣᣬշǵãҺ˵ڵŻʳǵһĻĻ˵ǽֵӣĽĹʱǿЦӡ
÷ӦңͲҪǿԼܡϸ˿ǰСԼһ𳤴Ů飬š
ԶǵãԼһ붫÷˵ʱ÷ıꡣ
ҲǵãǰԼһ·ϣԼ˵ĽĹ£Լ˵һٻ÷Ůӵ¡
ת֮ˡ÷ٻ÷һôϸûа仰˵ǿǰŮӣıۡ


2085 ȱһ
ʲô̫񾳣
½ϼÿһ֮ˣӵеʣǴ𣬶̫񾳵һʲôĴڣԺδȵʣûд𰸡
˵в˶̫񾳣ǻȴԼҲ˵壬һʲôط
ֿܣǺɫģûǳû£ȴ͵Ĺ⣬أһԲΡ
ʶյƣ޷ɢ½ֻܿһɽݺᣬһΪѷ칵֡
ϣֳĬ¶ãϤĬĬǰš
ǰһѷ⣬ֹͷǴصѷ죬ѷֱû˿类һ
󵭵ĺѷɢպʧˣ￴ѷһƬڣʲôҲûеӡ
ֳĬ꣬ǰһȥԽ޴ѷ죬ŸԶĵطȥʱţҲ֪ȥ˶ãֿ˸ѷ죬ɽ
ЩѷӴƣΪֱƽ
ԲεĴءૣ˫ĿһգŴ˵صĻԽԽߣģĽ£ǴصСվ֮ʱͷ·ĴأеϤ֮⣬Ũˡ
ԲεĴأһĹѷ죬˴˵зǳĹһʹԲεĴؿһ̡
һ޴̣ѷǿ̶ȣһɽȻγһ͸ɣķġ
̡ûָ̡˵̵ĴأҲȱһ롣Ŀ¶֮âŴأԲεĴ½һãЩ̫ʵĸо
ĬУĿӴɨ˴˵صģһɽһƣȴƮ߲ѩɽ
ɽĿ¶˸ӣɽʼڣǹŵʱƮм
ʼڣ黯УĴɽϣһӰأڣĿƮ߲ѩɽϣûǱʬӰһϤϥ˿̣Լ
ӣϷϣȫ߲֮âĿдż˷ܣӡ߲Źʦ֮ˣ
Ӱĺ棬ڴɽ֮һţһ˴أһĻγһ޴ĻΡ
ŵӣ̤֮ţһһӵĵطƿѪɫĻһƬģá
УӰģ壬˿͸
һĻ̤֮ϣǵھźãͬġ
ˣӿ֣Ц
ֵĿջأӣûŽŲһƬ̺վƮ߲ѩɽϣ߲ܵѩϣܣ̾
Ϸһ죬Ѿ˺ܾúܾã֣һֻһΣʱλŤЦУ˫̧͵һӡ
һ֮£ԲεĴ½ʱ˺֮Ǻ䣬ȴѷڣͬʱŨĺЩգֱɽ
˲䣬ڸյѪɫֵǰӵЩ໥ۣһ޴Ӱ
ӰΪߴƳһԶԶһӰƴſɵĺۣڸֻϳӰӣǰӣһġ
֣ǰ̤쾳ǿߣⶨڣϷϵĴڣ½˵أϷΨһԽںϵĵط
λŤӴ֮Ϸ㣡Ǿ޴Ӱ˵ͺ¡¡ܡ
ǰôֿӣӰɫƽ
㻹ûҲգϷǰһУվ˺һ䣬ӴĺӰںϣڸ׵ĺۣ¶
½ǲڵģֻλûʵϣһƬޣ泾һֶѡ
ôֳĬ
ôûǰ㣬ϷΪ֣Ϸ㣬񷣬Ĵ磬˽Ϊ泾磡ÿһ綼һ泾Ƕ̣ҲΨһĿ֮
̫񾳣泾Ķ̣Ǿ޴Ӱ˫¶֮⡣
㣬ǰʱΪǿ֮ˣ̤쾳֮ޣ㱾߳泾ΪҪȥһŮӣػ˶̣ҪԴӣ
Դε֮ɢңػֻأͼ棬ȥֻڣӸתر䣡
Ϸ򣬶˷ľٶ뷨Ҳ𾪣ӿ֣
ԭӣô㵽˭ֱۣƬ̺ӴӰڡ
ϷǶ̵ػߣ㵱ǴߴиӣӦʶ֣īǣ˵
ֳĬ
˫΢ɲһ̧һ֮£ڵĺȻɢһ֣γһɫУأǺɫڣһĻĻ
ţһһĻĻ٣Լжϡ
ǺɫУֿһԼһʬ壬
ǸԼڲ֪ĹȥĽʧܺǱ飬ǷŭǷ˫Ŀ
ҲҪҪ죬俪أҪֻأĵεδֻȡ
ûгɹѣֻУֱ㡭
ֿеڻ棬һĻĻ£ԺڸֳЩ䱾ʹڣֻһֱˡ
֮ǰΪˣңԽĽ񸴻Ǽ١ֳĬƬ̣ӣ˵
棬ɼ٣泾ΨһĿ֮ԸıһУûˡɫƽȻû˿ʶŤЩɣ˿ֵĻԥһ£ûãЩʲôطԾ
ʲôşָ̌ɺɵӰӵصš
̵̤֮ţҲ泾һΪﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬸̤֮ܵŵı塣ֲĸоԽôҲ벻ʲôط˱仯
ڳ²⣬ΪûʶŤ˯еˣڽѵһɲǣֵģ֮ʱô΢΢һЦӣƽĿڡ
ɫʱһ䣬ӴȻ˼֣ϸĿ˼ۺ¶֮ɫ
㡭ԣ֪ǰļ䣬ֻҪⶨڣͻεѣ
ļΣ㶼һѣһΣ᲻ͬ
㲻ػߣȱһֿӣڡ
仰˵һ˲ĺȻһ


2086 ֻؾ
ұһУֱʼڣҵڶȥƮ߲ѩɽϣǱʬӰʱҵģ˲ͬʱҲһͷûȥӣţ˵
ҺһĻ棬¸ʧܣҺһĳһʶȴþȫҲûнֱԼεУҪڸıֻأ棡
ֻǣǰôҲôΪҺһгΪ࣬ԣҪȥ֤Ҫȥı䣡˫һ¶֮â
ҵڣһڲϵظңȱһȱһ
ʼղ⣬ȱһʲô
ڶ磬һĻãɵ۰׷ָ񣬺֪ӦпԼڵ磬һʶܲˣˡ
ɢһֻûɢ
һĻҲҸĺ¡
Ƕ磬ҳʱֵſšźںҸܳڣ˵ȱһ֮ơ
ֱչǷͷֱڶ翴˼ͷ­ͷ­һֻ䣬̧һץгǼͷǡ
ͷϣӡǷһһɢĹһɱ¾Ϣ
һУ˴𰸣ֿеͷǣĿ¶˸ӡ
ڣȱٵһ㣡㲻νػߣⶨ̵飡͵̧ͷĿ⾼Ŀ⣬
ԭҶڸķģҲ֪ôȥ临ֱڵŻɽϣĳ֡
˵ЩҼУŴ˺ҵľֱʼҿӰ뵽һ
ͷ뷽ʩ֮ʱҲһֱɣҵĴڣʵģһΣ½ֵǷʵڡ
ֱҿͷǡૡ
㡭뵽ʲôӴ˿̺ϵطƽ֣侲Ļıһɿ־
֣Լ˽һУ˼ز죬˵Ƿͷ뷽һִͷ֮С
ֿӣɫ糣
ҵķܼ򵥣һ֪֮ġҵɱ¾ڴ֮ת£õΪ֮תһ㣬ɱ¾ͻعȥ
͵ǰģ½չεǹȥȥУҽһ飡
Ҹʶһɣ
ô˺ҺȻ֣һжˣǰô˵ǰȥɱ¾˵½õģڣҿԸ㣬½һΣһã
֣תҳȸǣߵңң
֮ԻôΪһЩҲΪΪҵɱ¾ڹȥУɹĸıһЩʲô
Ҳ֪ҵɱ¾ڹȥ¶ʲôҲ֪˺δҿ⼪ͷʱ濴ɱ¾ʶҵҪҵһĽѵķ
ʶڣĸңɱ¾ڹȥתأһ̣̣ǸĹؼ
̷½ϣεĽڣÿһ̤룬ܿɢ
ֱһֻذٴ̫񾳣ɢǰҸ־俪˴̣ô̲ͬʱҲͷųⶨ̵飡
ҲˡֿӣԷһкӾҵĲ¶޷֮ɫ̺ݵĿ־塣
ܣⲻܣ
ҵķˣͷųΪ̵Ĵ˽籾Դҵӡ
ֻؾ͸򲻳˵ǰתһԲȦʹڣܸܿܵ
īǵĻļ䣬ڵŻɽϳ¾ī
棬ǲ͸ֻأΪһõģٵģʵֻء
͸ˣһԲȦˣȥѡһ㣬ҡͷƽĿӡ
ңȴ֪һУڽβʱ㡭ƻɺȻס
ܣһвۿǰһĻĻۿڵ̣ۿ̳ε
ҸۿһδεֻתߵһɢӺƷ񲣬һӣɻĹͷˡ
ӵ̱俪ͷų󣬱Ϊһ⣬ȴû뵽һУǰֵļƻ
ܣҲţӴһڸյĺֱֶȥҪɣ
ۿģһ桭Ϊ㿴ֻأ㶮ǶԶҲסҡͷ


2087 
ӵ̫ڻصƮ߲ѩɽŰ˷ɢȥӴӣ˿̻䲻ʣֱֶ
ģȴôʱ䣬ȴһδεֻأڵȵһ죬ȴû뵽һо
ƭˣӣҲδ뵽һУԭֵΣ¾Ĭĵ
ӣ˿ĳһֻĵĸоָоΪⶨ̵飬ⶨۿһδεֻһδεɢ
ֱһΣۿֺ俪̣ɢӣ߳߳һɲǣϲЦ
֪ԼļУǰһʱͳΪ˶̵顣
Ҳ֪ⶨ˭ûмڴãȻ˺ܾúܾãֱֻֽ̽һδεɢֱͷų
ڷųһ˲һ˵ϲóȫԼҪɣԸһȥ
ԣҪᣬҪ֣
½һٵģΨʵģʵԣҪᣬһԼɹֵ߱ĳΪ̤쾳֮ޣǸʱͿɡ
ҲñڳΪ飬ȻʱãԼ⣬ҲǴ̵ػߡ
ΣһУΪɣ
ѾˣһԼɣһԼɹĶᣬҪȥѰԼ٣Ѱҵ˭ԼΪ顣
ȥɹⶨҲΪǿΪ飬κ˶֪ǿ
Ҵǿ⣬Ҫһãǿ뿪泾磡
ⶨ̵ҲֻһƬģûм䡣֪˭粻֪ԼΪλһ
ֻ֪һУԼɹɺһҪȥѰһ𰸡
ɴ˿ִ̣㣬ȴһУȫûϣֻʣ˾ŭп־벻ʡ
ĳ֣ĺĺХٽֵһɲǣϣ¶˵΢Ц
̧֣ǰĺһӡ
ֻʱȻ̤졣ƽڣּ䣬ȴĺǰ̷ŴŵۿɼٶȴΧɢ
Ҳģ֣ҲİĲҽУɢе۳һ˶ͷ­ͷ­ӣȻòãһӣüУһͼ˸ģͼڣһֻ׵Ӱ
һֻɲǾɢȥӵͷɢ˴˿̲дкɫ˲Ϣ䣬һֻ޴ĺںס
Ǻں˻ֱٴγ
ٽһ˲˫Ŀ¶⣬ǰһȻ̧Ǻ֮Уһס˴˺׵Ĳӡ
Ǻںײϵ˻Уоһֺݺݵһգֻһ죬̫񾳴ؾһոǻ
Ǻںףȫ
ӵʶңǺں׵ıʹ߽⣬һ˿ǻǰһЩ£һЩļڣΪڵ˼
硭ҵļ硭ૣʶȫɢȥ׵ɢĺڣһԵĻһɶֱ󷽣ֵĿ£ǻӵţź֮ڣӰ
ϣûӵϢ
Ŀһȴû˿⣬֪Ĵһֻһ۾ûȥᣬ쿪ɢĺʹһա
һ֮£ȴǺɢȻۣⲻϵ£ֵڣһȭͷСš
ŵɫǺڣǾɫƣΪ
һ籾ԴֿڵţĿвƽ¶˼һӣʱһ߹ľǰ
ǹľڳ˯һŮӣòǾȴ͸һᣬۣһ
˵ҲҪŮӵˮˮ䣬Ůӵϣ˳ǡ
ˣǧʱ䣬ˣɫͣϵǾɫţذŮӵüģĬĬؿŮڣĿʱΪ㡣
ֻɫȴǴϼΪĽţִ˿̺ܽţҧ´Ůӡ
ۣۿҡḧĽ㷢૲ϡ
ħһԵ
һκȵǴ˫һ̣ǵص׶߷ֲӰ֣ԥһ£̧ͷ
û̧ͷһжһˡ
ħе꣬۵һ˲ڶڴȴ͵Ӱģһ£һ䡰Ҫ£Ҵȥɱˡ֪˵ֻ֪һ˲⻰ȻȻġ
ϣѪƬĽǲ԰׵ʹѪȴֻܱۣԼǡ
ڵһĻǸ¥ڵŮӰӰ̲ɪ֪Լ
ħݵһįĴ
ۣɡƽҲѣϲ⺢ӵġᣬš
ûең㡭ʱߡ
֣ǷޣߡеˮˣĽǧֻ꣬Ϊһ졣
ɽڵܰǻͷʱӰһĻĻ£ֵԺһ޷ǣԸǣǡ
ֱĽհ׷˥ϣڱ˫۵һ˲ֵģδйʹ緢һĽȥҪ
ʧȥԺҪӵУ½һδδ⳾ļ䣬һδǱ˵ԨҲԹ޻ڡ
ѹֿǳ˯Ůӣֹ
ҵ߸أֻΪ˰ĵӰ
ת񷣬ֻΪ죬ڲסҪ˫ۡ
Һ俪ޣֻΪ˴һ·ҵؼҵķ
ɷҪۣѣʱѾ˺ܾãǹľڵŮӣȴɱۣ޷ܣҲܽܣ
Ҫޡ̧ͷһ˲һֻůֵ̧֣
ȫһ𣬵ͷУ˽ë۵Ľ
˫ڣ̺ǧɵᣬ۵ϧ


2088 Ȼ
̫񾳣ԲεĴϣĵλãƮ߲ѩɽϣӰ
Ľ
վŲԶţ˵Ż
ֵĿдͣĽɫڵᣬһĻ˺ܾúܾãǧ꣬֡
Ʈ߲ʵѩû˱ĺ壬ʼڷУһĻȫĲһˡ
һĹ£뿪Ѱһƽĵطһӵʱ䣬㽲£ôƽˣһϲǵġڡ
Ľףǰӣǰһֻǣȥȴ˲ɣصĺۼ
õΪԼѣָ˶ټ˶ٴۡ
ڣҴ㣬һ̤졭̧ͷǲԶţ˫Ŀ¶ǧĹâĿû˰ˡ
Ľ֣ѺʹδɿһɿҲˡ
Ƕ˵Ӱǰȥ̤֮ţŵľͷĻӵãһȥ
ĽҲֵ֣һӶɿԸܵڴůģǧܰ밲
ǵӰȥߵŵľͷڽҪ̤ȥһ˲ֽŲһ£̧Ǵһӡ
һ֮£ȴƾճֱ֣ض
ǵһڣǰ̣ںϣʹԲεĴغ֮ǰõһ룬ʱʵʹϵѷɽĿ̶ģ˴ĿĹâչת
ǵڶڣһ޴ָ룬Ư𣬼³Ʈ߲ѩɽںϣָԲδתȦɨ
һɰ֮ɢ졣
ǵڣһӣһɫӣ棡
Ưؼ䣬ɢ͵Ĺâĳ֣ʱأⶨ̣
գڡ
仰ﴫһ˲ȴǺ䣬ۿɼٶȣСдƣƬ̺ʧƮ߲ѩɽʧصһдڣĽڵţȫɢȥһƴС̣
Ưֵ֮ϣϵתУٴСգڵģɻӣ
飬ⶨؼĲ֣ͬҲ붨ӣû
Ŵ飬ֻͷȥ죬أֻһƬޣ޵ľͷһӰ
ǹŵ
ŵһУҲƬڣΨһڵһţϵӰ
Ǵ𰸡ŵૣɫ¶ӡ
΢΢һЦһУŵһ޴Уڣ½ŵĬƬ̣һݣڣʧӰ
ȥͬӰȴûѶĽ뵽ŵľͷʧС
ֵȥţҲػ˾⣬ɢںϣˡ
һƬ԰ĵطԶһͤ鿣һʯʯΣԵһʯϣ˿һ֮ˣ˴Żۣͷҷӡ
վһˣʹһ㡣
Ľ񣬴ƾ߳԰ĵطĽ߳˲䣬ʹת֣¶΢Ц
ֿŴʹӣԷвϣһϳ˴ˡ
ֻڡ
ǣҲǡʹҡͷûпڣ˵ģǱֵĻˣתˣЦ֡
λؾˣȻѺǰӡǻ˿֣΢Ц˵
Ľɫƽû˵վߣƽĿǻˡ
ǿڵĻˣȻЦĽǰȥߵĶ棬һ˦ʱǽʣһʯγصĽһ
ǻ֮ʯϣһ̣Ϻڰ׶Ӵ䣬Ȼһоֵӡ
ķµһ뿪ˣҵô꣬հǽ°ɡǻ΢Цһӣϵһط
ػߣֿһ̺ǻˡ
ǣҲǡǻ̧ͷЦڡ
飬ϣȻһҲ㿴Ļˡǻ˵òȻӣһһֵֻĸоȴǲͬԷ˵ǻµӡ
߲ʽ磬ķһ鷢ֽãұҲú棬Ҳֻ֪㿴ȥ˼򵥡
߲ʽһ飬ɱ¾Ҫ֪ȱٵһΪĲ²һδγԵĸԴôһ־ҲãپҲգһľô
Сֻ֣ең仰ĺ壬ǴӴ֮ȥֻУѰҵĵ·ȥֻ߳ءǻĿ¶̾ڡ
û֣泾һ̤쾳㣬ǵڶ֮䣬û˿̤
Ǿ߷΢Ц˵
̣㴴ģ飬ӡڵģֳĬƬ̣Ľʼûɿǻˣʵ
ĲΪ̤죬泾۷壬ǣĴ磬ߵ˵岽ߵ֮ǰ⸱̡
ɣˡڡ
ֳĬ꣬΢΢һЦ̧ڣһɫӣӣϵһط
µɲǣȻһ䣬ǰӺе䣬һգĽҲȥʱڵкڰ׶ӣȫںһֻӡ
һڣһס
ⷽǻǱߡ
ô̧ͷǻˡ
ˡ˳Ƭ̣̾һ˵ͷ
΢ЦվĽûлͷȥǶ̣ǰһȥĽʧ
ʧϵİӣҲãʧֶȥ
뿪ˣĽ
½ϣ˹ŵ⣬û֪̫ڵһС
أһƽɽϣϥĽĿѾˡ
ڵʲôĽ֪Ҳֻ֪ҪߣѾˣĵףȴһʣʱȥһ¡
ֹ죬һյĻƻ裬һƬ谵ʱۣա
ϣ½⣬˿̣һź£ӵһͷڷӣϣһɱ¾վ½⣬Ŀ͸Į½ϣڹĴڣԼĿ⡣
ӣһһ
ĬƬ̣һΣ½һâֱأڵɽ壬վֵǰ
ĽĮĿ͡
㱾Բֿǰɱ¾
ӳĬ̧𣬶һ˿Լĺڷɿ֣ǺڷƮ𣬽˰ɫ
ɫķ˿ֵ˲䣬̧УҲһ׷ֻ׷ڳֺ󣬽ɢȥˡ
ٴοһĽ񣬱ۣһƬĨȥǣ뵽ֵڡ
ȫĺٴ۳ɱ¾ͷĽ񣬺ȻˣΪ¾ĬӵǺѡɢȥѡԼںϡ
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