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ֻ̣֮пƬ֮ѰС
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дؽ᳤
ȺħǸ߸ϵҿ֮һ档


һ ү
ףⲻҴүôС͸ү밲үʹһЦС쳶Ǻ
վСǰվһ꣬һɫۣȻϴЩף½մȾһҳԵʮࡣ
꿴ǰСļЦûһ㲻㶵ĵ˵ͷ˵úã˵úãʹͣʹͣȻҪʹͣǱүһ⡣˵Ÿǵݹʮͭ
СǵĽ˹ֵ˵࣬ƺӦһ㣬лүʹͣС˵ͷҲرȥһ㹧֮⡣
ֺǺǵͷĿСȥƺԷүСһ㡣ͬʱһפп˶ٺЦȥˡ
ûȳЩЦȥ˵ףλֵܣô£겻ʲôүôôɵǺǵĻСǮأ
֪˺ٺһЦ˰ɣֻҪǶɽӦö֪ҰɣҵǸү˵꣬ٲ˵ȥˡ
Ȼĵ˵ͷԭˣǸңǾѹˡ˵ţͬͷҲصȥˡ
ɢȥʱһͷһȳһյı˹߹үôֳˣһȥɣ
ͷ㶵üͷһأյ˵ͷͷһСȥ
ү۸ˣ
Ĭҡҡͷ
ү㻨Ǯˣ
ɳĬҡҡͷ
ͷүһͷԵı飬Գһ˿ھ֮ɫ̾һүһȳһյĳС֮ȥ
ңǰǰ̩ʮ֮һһǰڵХ˼ʷϵ߷壬Ϊʮ֮סżХͻȻʧ½½¹ܵˣ޹زۣһܹɲ֮ˡɴ˱һ겻񣬵ʮ岻˵ڵµڶдѹ֮¼š
ͿĻ£ű˼岻𣬲ȴͰ˼ҫǵͳԪĳһ
֪ѪͳڻģһСΪϻۣţССͱ㽫ҼҴѧԶͬ˵ľ硣
⼸ͬһʮ֮ʱ⣬ݾ֮Сһ书Ȼδˣ֪εԭ򣬳˿ݾͱЩɵɵ֮˵ǵʧķ裬˵أҪɲȴˡ
Ϣ۰ͰžҪɲŵĶ䵽³ΪҼͳԪʱ˲ձֻһԼĸ׸еĵܵܡ
ĸͳһС˽ӽŮС֪ͳԪ֮ظӡͳԪ֮ƾĻԼŮֵһαʱȥһҲʮˣһĵܵܰͳԪǰȡֽһչҲѾĺͯˡ
һͷС֮ãһСǰŽȥһɵֺǺǵĺһˣ
䣬һ˳ĸϡȻʮּȴҲڲסõգֻ⼸ļҲ˫Ⱦһ˪ףԵñʵҪһЩ
ĸĿһĸӣһֳȥôû۸ɣ
һɵһЦҴү˭۸Ұ˵źǵİͷ
ĸһ㶣Ȼһ֣һͷϺ鷳ȥ⺢ӣ˵űһ򸣡
Ϻֶ㿪ʹãʹãǷˣС˲Ĺܼңεãεá
ܼҡĸ̾һ˵ʲôϺȴǹһݣȥˡ
ĸô˵˸һͷһطϢɣ˵̾һתȥ
һվԭأĸȥĸŮĵطȻĸҪʼˡʱһһ˿â֣ĸϵϼ룬ֳ֮⣬֮ƽתͷǺܼȥķһ˿ӵϣһ˿Īζ
ҿôңȻû䣬ҲôһԺӣһҲֵһ䡣㳯Լȥ
ʱ˭˼һ·֮ʱֵĺպշǷһ˿Ȼ֮ɫҪһƽճɵɵҴүѰ֮еĿҲȰˡ
һܿ뷿佫ŷۣĳĵڴϣ˫Ŀ΢գ촽ϣǿ֮кƽޡܿɿ춶ؽڹڷɿ𶯣֮иĦ֮֨ѽ֮ĥЩ̶
ѰտΪһڳĥݡ֮ʶ˼ȳŻԾǶ֮䷢Ƕʹھ֮ʱʹýĦܷġ
ȻһϵġˣʱĳƵԽԽ죬ԽԽ⡰Ĵĥһ֨֨죬Ȼͬľʱ⻢Ҫһ˿׻֮ʱȴǸȻ
һ̾һ¶һ˿֮ɫʮɹĥƤ⣬һɣʼֹǣûϵҩĸšĸҪʱΣ»ЩѰ
һ̾Ϣﻹаֳɵֳĳɵװɵԭܼ򵥣˥ԭһֻĻĺƿһУֲֻڵܹԸġԼƲ⣬Ҫȵһ߾磬ֵܵһʶڴ֮ǰ׼¶
Ҫ֪һһ𶯴ʲôֻһ̤ɵˮ׼Ѱ߱ǴС䣬ʮ궼һܹﵽ㾳硣ͣȾ磬ȴԾɲӣ֪Ȼҧгݲѡ
ʱǰһ۵磬ĸ׽ҹأ
һԿЦǰȥŴ򿪣һСĺͯվǰһ˫ˮĴ۾Ŀһ


ڶ 
ǰգ۾͸һ˿龫֮ɫͯһ׵ܵһչ˭ˡ
һչһϵĳɵ֮ɫʧⲻĵܵܣȴǲαװġǹ𵭵΢Цһչɣøôô
һչٺһЦصص˵ͷʱ֮һչڴ˯ˣһѷһչĵŲǹĵĿΨһĵܵܣ⡶Ҳ֪Ǻεѧص䣬ȻʼǴ֣Ҫ֪ҪֲġȴûתʹõķţҶҲһ̲ҩˣܹӿٶȣҲܸСӴáһչһһģȴû뵽ֱӾĥƤؿˡ
˵һ÷ҡҡͷڴɺ˫Ŀĳķʽȴûаڶǿʼĸ߾磬һһ֮䰵ĺĳɣǡ
Ҫ˵⡶ȴǴڻҵ׹֮һԽۣʶһ״ҽʮһںϽھľѧһûɹġ˵ֻаǰʹü˵ХƲɹ
һΪɹȴҪʮ֮ʱ˵Ҽҹ涨£ͯʮ귽ɴһõ֮㿪ʼһȴǴʲôһ㣬һޱȵʹʹʧȥ˿ƣ֮ݾٴȴһ֮ˡ
һͳԪҸ˥ܣһȻޱȣȴͿĿ롶ĵһΡҲǻԵɺ֮£ŷ˥ܵܡ̶̵һ£һѸٵĳɴ˿ʼص
һʱȥˣʱȥˣҹĸһԷһת˳㽫һԺ˯δѵĵܵܽ
ϣֻһľƲ˱ƽʱḻ࣬һչһҪһȻһɵ״һԶڷһ꣬͸һ˿֪첻ѰӣǸȥļա
ĸһ꣬Գһ˿ˣһֵʱȴȰ֮ɫ
һһչǸ׵ļգȥͷһ㣬ȻԷɣ
һһɵ״һչ˹ȥ֮Գ˱ϣ֮ǹܼϺ
ˣСǰү㣡Ϻе
ĸǸмĵ˵ͷһϣϺĸˣչټڳлƣǮСҲˣܶ׬ǮպСү·
ĸҡҡͷϺЩȻҵĹܼңȴҿǷ̫ˡ
Ϻҡҡͷ˳ȥ
Ϻ뿪ıӰĸǸмһ͵ȴһ˿ӵɫһչ֪ˣš
ĸ˵˥ͳԪ֮ﻹܼҡϺܼȴһֱĹķһˣԹ˵ƹǮ˵һصÿÿĸҪлȴϺһҴֻʲô£Ϻȴû˵ֻһյŹܼҸ顣
ҹ£ڶ峿һ󼱴ٵһ𴲣üͷ壬Ѱôš˼һתһ˫һУһ׺֮ɫСſţһһɵ״۵˳ȥ
ֻСԺ֮վһĸվƺ˵ʲôһʶĸ׵׵ܵܣҲľ˾ɽ̸ӣĸһ䵭ƺڲʲô
һ˹ȥվĸ㶵ĵɽһߺߵƿһ㡣
һȻװɵгȴǼߵģ֪ĻΪʮ߰ꡣɽһһģһ󻺹ɵһţҲһתͷĸ㣬ʹӦ˰ɣǴĺðԹҲںһһСƿǲкôô
ĸŭĿԣȵɽҪᣬ˵£ݹҲ֮飡
ɽȰ˵Ȼĸ˵ýԹȴҵĴӡ
Ҫ˵ĸȻӣòس֮еĵһعҲδϣ׵Ҳйˣһڻؾû뵽ȴ׵ܵܣŭɶŭⲻֹ
ɽ޷˺󼸲ָĸ㣬Ȼ㲻ϴӦǾݹܵܵĲˣһŪɵɾͲҪˣ
ĸɫһ䣬ȵɽҪʲô
ɽЦҪʲôڼҴӷӷ򣬼ȻˣϸҲˣȻҪҼҳ˵һԹӣͿֶ
һ䣬һŽۣӵ˽سĹӣӡ
ͦŸӣЦлˣͿҵİɣ
˵űֻ֣һȺҶѸٳ˽һŹֱָĸ
ĸһ󣬾ʹ˵ʲôȴһԷ֮һչϡ˯˳
ĸɫ䣬ָһչСץ
ǣһȺҶһ߽ĸסһ߳ȥһչץǰ
ӺٺЦſĸ˻Ǵ˱ӰɣԺĺĶڹˣӹҲһ˾ǡ˵һչա
㣡ĸɫϺڣ
һȴϺӰ
ʱɽеȣЦ˲֪ܵܵĻ֪ģǺܼҿһģȻҲԹƽˡ
ĸŭЦø׵ܵܣѹ˵շҹѷ
ɽΪܷΪٵ㣬ʱ˵ЩʲôأԹӣ㣬Ҷкô
ĸ͸ź⣬תͷԹӵԹӣǿݣ
ԹЦŵͷ˻òȻϿɱЩСѾͷǿ˲֪ٱ
ĸԵ˵ͷ״Ȼͷϳ·Ȼ沿ȻˣͽòȥʲôҲò
˵ţĸ㽫沿ɽԹ뵽ĸңһҪֹȴˡ
ǧһ֮ʣһӰĸǰֽץ
˿Ӱûһ˲Ǳˣһֱվĸɵ״һʱһﻹסһ潫Ƿץסһתͷ͸ź⿴Թһˡ


 鼱
ɵӣҪʲôӲ竵竣ݰĲݰûһ״һغ
ɽæӣҪ˵ʲôȴһЦɵӣߣȻѹǹ¶ĸֱɥ˾͹ֲˡ
һĸ΢΢ͷ̧֮һȹ֮£֮б춯֮ʱ򣬱һץסһչļҶǰһҶæĹӵסһƶضȥ
ֻһ죬ǼҶζʱһһ˿֮ɫˤڵأٲܶˡ
һ̧ץһչǶž죬ȴһԾĸǰ
һչĸ߲Ҫܣһ֮һ˿࣬ʹƽѵһչԹԵص˵ͷ
һչӪȻһתͷۿӺɽʱͬڶҶǰһĻˡ뵽һճɵɵ˲ָǲ˵ʩչǿ
ɽ㲻˵Ǽֻһô۴
ɽɫɷףҪȴҲͲһĳմǱ˵ģҲûȻװɵġ
Ȼ竺ͲݰȴҲ֪ߺѰ˵ĲȻһȺҶûһߣһӲӣӣдСð
һЦò꣬ޱȸ߰Ϊ˱ĸ׵ܵڲ꣬賰Цںû뵽ȴһ竹ƻлĳ޺ͱйȥ
ҪߣҲУһ˶һֱֻۣԹôҰʮָ°ɣ˵ţһԽԽ䣬ԽԽ
ʲôӴһɫѿޱȣ۴еСӲҪΪ书˲𣬱֪ߵغСǸɱɱͣͣǱˣǶǼ˶
ͣҶǶҡڲϾ֪Ѱ˶֣Ҳ֪ߵһԵ˼һ䣬ȴǲҲˡһ
һһ˫һ񣬽չž֮ϣ˫۶ʱ磬˫ֻ絶罣ڼҶ֮СŲŲƷɲϣһѺͲҽ֮ʮϢʮŹļҶڵϣһץֱ۱ץŴȣѽҽŹһš
żˣɽɽһȻʥȴûи֮
һЦ׾˾ˣҲö֣㻹ԼһȰɣ
ɽɫұ䣬һĸȴĸŭһתͷȥ
ɽ״֪ûǹļűߵľݺݵسȥһ죬ɽҽˤڵء
һ֪˾˵ȲûжϣʮˣϾѪףҲǲö֣мĿһۣתͷȥӡ
ӣңҲԼĹȣͷҰɣ˵ӾҪȥǵڵصľ
ʱһȴ⴫ӣҼҷˣҪ
֮һӰŶ룬Ϻ˭ˡϺﻹһ뷢ŵӣɽҲˡ
һſصļҶԼվļˣʱϺɫܿʲôƵģһ˰һݣһүʲôʱָģ
һֻ֪ضϺ
һûлشϺȴǵõһ㡣һȻǰϺ֮ɫһߣֱ̧Ƕȭͷüġ
ҽжѸʧһľһˤڵأһϢһɲ֮䣬Űӱ
磡һϺ֮¶һ㾯֮ɫ
Ϻûһͣ٣ɭһˤڵصļҶǰֱһһ㣬һҽŻûüŪ״ļҶҲв
ĸ״æһչ˫סȳСһչһɫԽӵ࣬ƺԵĲĹϹܼңǴһ㡣
һأԺгĸˣܼұֻǴĿһеɽźɽһزҽеҪɱңҪɱңϺһɻĸﻹʲô
Ϻվֱһһ˿ӵɣƺԥʲôһҲû˿ɣ΢΢׼ʱһ㡣
Ϻɵү˻ˣ


 Ҷ
һ𣬸ǽøž֮һƬһĦ֮
Ϻɫһ䣬һ̧Ʊ㳯һһ˫һܡֻž֮˷ɡ˫˫ĶŶԷƺһ㡣
ĸ״æǸʲôͣ£
ûĸĻҲûмȥ
û뵽үȻȾ磬Сľ磬½Ҫүˣ
һһԲȻܹתܷų˵УʵսҲǶߵġ̶ȣȷʵԸϺһߺ硣
һҪΪǿʱϺȻһЦȻүֶΣϺҲͷˣ
һһ˫һУϺ
Ϻ״Цҡҡͷүģ뵱үһޣǾޱȣϧˣүߵ硣˵꣬ϺƷ£һ֮˳ȥ
˶һĻŪЩĪֻһ˼תƺ뵽ʲôƬ֮һȺ˴СԺҲһˣҴҵİЩʬʮʱ䣬ضѷŵʬһɶһԵɽҲ˳ȥ
Ϻ˽ֶһүһۣ˵תˡ
ĸҲǾ֮ˣ濴ʲôȴûѯʲôͬ޴һ㣬ſһչȥŮ졣һ״Цװɵһ⿪˭Ҳ׽ܡ
ҹһԼ֮СһײײһһϺ˭ˡʱϺѪۣһ㡣
ϺһڵأЦүϺΪԼڲصȴû뵽үô˶ƭȥˣҽҲƭȥˣ
һһȷʵɵһʱ䣬ָˡ
Ϻڲصһ˿ɫɢˣԭˣԭˣҲգҲˣ˵Ϻһɫڴһ
һ֪ⲻʲôʲô
Ϻ΢΢һЦҵĴ֮Ȼ㲻ʲôöȴʵʵҵĶ
һһȻӣһдšʮһǡ
ǼҴԭһ
ϺٺһЦȴǿȳһѪҵĴҹ˵֮֮үȴ겻ԭ伮أ
һ͸ɻ֮ɫΪʲôҪô㲻ӵô
Ϻ¶һ˿ȻɫȻү֪ˣϺҲ˵ʲôˣǷ˶Ī䣬ȴǲܲġ
һԵ˵ͷȻҲ֪֪ʵġѹϺȴһλͿţ˵һԭ˥һ֣ϺǺɳˡĸȴڻԵɺ֮¸ϺʲôĪݣжѣϺ
һ֮͸һ˿ɱȻˣ
ϺһЦˣˣʱϺѾźˣүıˣ滹кڻƣȥͶܱһƽү츳ʮʱҲˣ˵꣬ϺһȳһյĳڴȥʧŨŨҹ֮С
һ״ɫƽû뵽ϺȻԭ˻˵֮л֮ʮֻоŽţĽȴʧˡ
һֹ֮ʱȻһȴǴ֮ǷϺȥķ
һ˫һУģŲԶȥʮԶӰһһ׵ĽͣһųϺϺˣ⽣ʹѹơ
˼һϺѪһӿȵүϽߣһΪǺģүˣϺţȥ˴ߣ
ǽԣٺЦҪ뿪룬ҵġʮɣ˵ǽͽһ𣬽ϺϺ֧һƵֵͻ˹һնɱ
һƲңһһ֣ͬĽͬʽֵ˻ȥ
ðΪֻץסһͽû뵽մСӾȻصô콫ץȥȻǴһ
ͺٺЦųʩչܵĽһĽѹ֣ۿһͽһϳ
Ϻæһס͵һѪһԶҲ׷ɵһȥˡ
ڽ͵ĻⳤҪµʱһϾʹ˰ݣԪͬھЮŷת˻˻ֻ֮һ˲仯һѪˣȻҪƴͻƾ硣
ȻЦҪͻƣɣһնֱһŶȥ
иƤĸо׻һ㣬סܶ
һͻ֮䣬֪͵ĸܣһ˲ԭľ磬㻯¡һƬſں֮侹ȻȻڴʱͻˡ硱ľ硣
ǽʹɱһͻƶ˲Ϣ֮飬ǽȴĪԭأһﻹȻᡣһģֱ｣顣һߵεȾˣֻ֮ѪĽǽͷһȭͷСĿȻǻˡ
һͻƾΪһ֮˲ǿͻƴʹһͷһΣҪʧȥʶ
ڴʱһ֮Ŵһ֮һУǰ֮ǽ͵˭ˡ
֮֫ٺӡѨ֮Уһֻ÷ŵ˲˴룬ѣĴȴࡣ
һƬҶǰƿ·ﻬһӰϸȥǰĽ͡


 
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̾˿һҶǽһҳһЩҩƷɢӣƱһʮĸ
ѡҩϺ֮һϺ֮Уǽʬ׵Ұ⡣ΧҰһ֮ûʬĴˡ
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⵽ʲôܹסǽͣҰѽɱ֮ЩѵǴ˵֮еĻǡ길׵˵ֲֻһ˿һƣżãѰȴǲɼİ
Ȼһǰһһһֽһ죬һ䵽˵ϡ
ϸһⲻǰϽԼļҴԼǺڻôʱʮĵ伮ڣȴˣȻһصֽˡ
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һԾͬʱһ˿ȻӿϤĸоǡʲô֮һ˿֪뵤ȻһȦֱ֮ԲȻ͵ӡѨ֮С
һֻһӡ֮кǰʧ֮ҲͻȻٴγ֣ϢĪĽŶĪı仯
žһ΢ɲһԺ֮Уɻʱ򣬱ڲɲоȻࡣԸоӡѨĵطƺһն뵤ЩƣƺͲ˵
֪ܻڳɵʱ򣬺ȻһƺߴûתͷȥȴġϺתӡ
ȻгԾѣʢ˥ı仯ĳմܾЦͰۣȻȴóڲء
ˣǰһ仯һƲָ֪˴룬ʱ˵ʮ㡣
Ϻ˿ϵƣʵϲүˣһͬҵģȥˣʱֻ˸ֻҪүɱˣպٴαֺͼӵĿܾС˺ܶˡ
һһ㶣ܶ࣬û뵽Ϻһѹ˵ôһֱ졣
Ҫһ˵
ϺЦûϺҾ׼ҵȫȻԶ磬ڹҲûʲôֻû뵽վˣȴǱ׷ɱû뵽үŽɱˣϺҲүϣѵ·ô
һüͷһ壬Լ˶ҸûǻŸã
ϺƺҲû뵽һôһʣĬƬ̣ţүȻ书ȺĻҲʱûϢǹɽٲӦûʲô⣬ҪҲұĻү黹Ƿȱ٣ֻͼ֮ȻϺҸү׼˺ڻ·վҪүԴƴҽλ˵οϺҸ˽ĻֵĴڣԡ
һһ˵˹֮ˣ
Ϻҡͷ˥ѳɶ֣ҵǰй⣬ҲǼӰˡ
һ˵ͷ˵ˣͻŰɣΪһţ
Ϻ۾һү㣡
һٲ໰ֽҩϺȱ㳯ȥٲͷᡣ


 걨
һҹڣһǵûһƣڣͬ˴һ㡣
صУĸʹһչ˯ˣһ˯šҶҶǽ͵ӰɴڡϵĴ˵һһ㶣űҶϵӰоѵ⴫˵еĻǣ翵Ķ
Ǵ˵ֻ˹СⲻһǴ˵֮иȥˡ֮˵ֻڴ֮УһйȼʶʵȴԶۡ
ȻһԼ֮ǻһ㣬ؿ㡰һҹı仯˱ҶֻüӡѨһĿն
һ뷨ȫüһ֮ϡȻһ˿ĸоԺ֮У̶һͼ񣬻ۡС۲ۣƺһֻۣ˷нǶȿһΧʮ֮ڿǸһչ߿ӶС
ͷһȻ֮⣬ûоȻ֮һ⣬һƿһеĿ⡣·һƬռ֮УеƿߡȻҲۣҪһȴǰ첻ġ
һĿ˰ʱ֮һѣĸоԺ֮СΪǹ۵ȴûһ֫ļ󣬳һХһ㴫ȷȷһ߼ο١
ڴϣһ֮е;֮еھתȻԭ֮䲢ûһ㽻ھȻһ˿ճ·֮伴ڻһȻľȴתȥǽЮھת֮Сһ˿֮󣬱һ˿֮һܹԸоԼǿ׳
һ֮ھ۷״̬˲ţ붥죬ѵĴ¾Ȼھļֲֶΰ
Ծ֮һתԼ˫֣͵һھͼָ³ǰȴû˿仯˿ھŻûдﵽһҲ٣һ飬һСǽϲеıΪʮ׼ģʱȴһС
ЮھϹȥȻǿƮޱȵȻ΢һ˲ͦ֡
⣬ǹעھȻǶֵֶΡ
һͷϲֶμֱգѰʱٹעھı²ֵһǣʮԣǵܹעھϲʩչΪĽС
ͷϲͷ֮еƣɢ˴롣עһĻһһ֮ھȻɡ
ڨȻһЦһ֪Լ̫ˣٴλصϵʼָھ
ոս״̬ʱ򣬺Ȼо֮дһĪϸоһŴ뵤һ󲿷ֶüӡѨ֮С
ֱһڱҶ֮УҶ޷Ȼһʱֵ֮֮еھˣЩѣĸоȻɢ롣
ͳеıҶһƬ̣飬Լ´벢ûдⱴҶԼָǿٵĻ˴ԵѣƲüӡѨҲҪأֻܿҶˡ
һ飬ڣֻüȻˡ
һ׼֮ʱȻ⴫
˭һͷһݡ
үϺң
һŷſȥϺ˭ˡϺϽҹˣռɫ԰⣬һ㶼״
Ϻ뷿Уһʱ֮˳һݱԾǽȥˡ
һ˿ϤԺ䣬̾һʮˣˣҪߵĻǵߣ˵һ㳯ĸȥ
֮һ߳ĸ䣬תͷ͵ǰĸĸף˻ǸϿʰɣ
ĸҡҡͷеĶûʲôʰģȥɣ
һ˵ͷԺȥԺţһа΢Цǣӱʮ겻Ҳòˣվԩԩг𱨳ɣһЦһһʧ֮С
֮ССس֮УһСϢ˥˵ҾȻһҹ֮ʧ˵Ǳţе˵ǹɽ֣˵ˡϢֲãͱһӾ˵Ϣûˡ
ϢȻһұϴٵϢţһҹ֮䲻ǽϸǹŶС檵ĶǶϴһաˣ˿ûӰ˷ķº׽֣¹ȥûнȻЩµͬʱس֮еС챻֫ڽͷϢƽʱȻͷʱȴˡ


 
̩ΪϷ֮⣬һѰʻǷʻϳһͷʱӿԿһ˺һһͯ˵뿪ͿڣͬϺܼˡ
Ϻ֮һȫҰǨϴͳЩСġһԣһҲǱܵ˵ջķᣬеĽϸϺ֮ͨһʿɹ۵ĲƲһС
֮Уĸһչһ˯Ϳһ·˰ʱ䡣˵·ĸȴΪƣһչСһĵٺöûʲô⡣ֻ˯Űˡ
ʱϺүǰˣڽô
һԵˡ
Ϻһã˻ǽǰɣ߻ʵԶĵطɺУһʵһĴڣֻп԰һЩ
˾ͽǰɣ
УϺǽ֣ܿһҸɾĿջһСԺס
ҹĸ㰲ˣһչҲڹˣܿ˯ˡֻһвŵƹ⡣
үǴеĿĵˡڻʱǿͶڻźڻϵķչվָܻյĹԵġ
һˡšüͷһ壬Ϻ֪Ļں֣ҲǰͷϵĺҲΪڴԭ
㽫˵˵ɣ
Ϻ£ڰ֮ƹܵıϢϢҲͨܿ㽫˵һ
ԭƣ̩ϱߣԶ⺷߻ʵԶɽͷÿÿһسǣһկһɲطġٸ󡱣˵ǿǵط
ͯҥԡڻɽƣϿкڻָľǺڻɽָɽţһƼң뵱ʮ֮һ
ǿĴڡÿһĸسϵΧһʮسǣͱռ˴롣
׻˵úãһɽݶοʶҴϣͼѹԷǻЩСĴڣͻƴһͳһˡ
ˣڸԷΧ֮Ҳʵ۵һˡ
Ϻ˵һһüͷ΢壬ϺһͶڻŵ˵ȻЩΪȻХһ֮ҴһҵλãԼΪȲЩȡֻҪԼܹߵľ磬ͬ硣ڰôһڰе֯ȴΪģϾҲǰڰ£Լﵽ쾳磬ҲԵֵ˵ҪһĴڡ
һеɫϺ˵һ򲻴һɫˣط˯ȥˡ
ҹһ˼ƽٴΰѱҶóһʼղٷʲô֮Ҷ뻳֮ٴοʼ
רʱ¹⻪·ʲôǣһ㣬˿˿Ƴȥһֻһոһ޶˵С
ȻԾҲ֪ǱҶˡͣʱһӸֵٴ˻뾭֮Уʼ֫ٺھθ
֮ܵ˿˿֮⣬еڷɿĴţ֮Կɼٶǿ֮£һβ֪һϺõĻᣬȻϷŹһ͵Ĵ߶ھҶھ֮ת
һʱʱںȻǱҶٲʱү˽ȥԷ
ȻҶٲһȻת𣬳һֻһһӿдܳԶԶԶŽɢ
磬ʽ̤һ߾磬֮еı֡оı仯һϲޱȣԭһҹһµϲ١
·;һУûзֱҶôȻͷϲϸȻǼһʱ顣
ĸһչù֮ĸסջǳ֮ƣҪһһͷǮûĸ򷿲ʲô¡
±ϺѰһطһĸǰȥǷ
ɣϺݳȥһת䴦ƥ۶֮£ϺݳϺãɽ֮ͣ
֮ӵܣһŮƥԦҲΪɣȻҲˡ
ͷμݵĳײҵƥɣһӸ߰ȵ˵Ž޳


ڰ ɽڻ
ӳ޳֣ϺȴһֵС̧æ״ץУٺЦαضŭС϶ⲻǾˣ
ޱôһͷץסǴͬŮӵЦʦ֣ηˮѵ´˼ң˵ŮӴʾ֮ϣ֮ȴǶʦֵļ
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Ϻɫʱ΢䣬²ˣ׼ֽԷµʱȴһ㼱
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һеɽŵӣʦڻˣѵҪɽŵô
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˵ţһкڻӱЦϵãʱƳ֣Ҳһͷˡ
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ʦֻӽնϺԸ־ܣæ֮佫˦һɾƫĵƹС϶ɣ
һʧ֣ʦֱ÷֮ϺϽݼǱ棬˳ЦӶҲסﻹ̫࣬ʦŭһٴνʩչƮƮҶ׷һҪϺȥ
Ʈ񽣷һԺڻڼ˳һʦǶ˺ݣͷҲԵֵˡ
ڴͬʱһױϮ֮ʱͬǧһ㣬һʦҲͣг
ȥ֮ʱȥһӲһλεļ£̩ĻռϣȻرˡ
ףЩرô磬ǿϧˣŪ͸ôڻΪһֹԭرǰ֪ͨģĿıǸɽŵŪ㲻ˬ
ر֮ǰһˣһɽţڻǣЩط˴£ѵĳһ˿ô
⻰ڻΪ֮ңңֵԭ֮ܽ¿Һڻûʲôϵ
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ǽҶӻĺӣһЦݣȴһ˿黫Ц⣬һ˵һȥˡ
ɽʦּܽһ⹰˹֣һֱײ뿪ˡɽҲмһЦ׷ȥ
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ϺЦſһǮҵݵܽϡܽɫתã˵˼Сĵ㣬Ҷӻһ۱ȥˡ
ҶӻٺһЦǰϺͷǲ˵ȥˡ
ôһ̣ϺϳǰǷڡ
үЩǺڻɽŵˡ
һ˵ɽźͺڻٺһЦ֮ٲ˵ˡ
֮󿴹ĸһչʮ⣬Ǯס˽ȥϺæµһ֮󣬽Ѿ˾ˡһǹ
ҹһҪһֿḶ́ΰڷƣ¹⣬ǹⶼ棬ȴǲ÷Ҳܽǵ״̬Щʱ򣬺ͷһ춯
Դװɵһޱȣ춯ȻӲĿһȴƲüǹʱʮ֮ڵġۡУǷ紵ݶӲֺ
ķ֮һһЦ
һǶž֮һɺ֮ɫϣƿű㳯汼ȥ
ȻӰһ䷿һ䷿һŴ򿪣±¶Ȼһȫں֮УϳһһнʩչȴֱָһĲλȻǲ׼ˡ
һ״Цִһ¹ӳһ͸ŽĶ֮¸ǳסȴһ
˿Ϊ⣬ȵû뵽Ǹӣɽţųն
ųնǽԼ°ɣһһȣһǱĽ澹Ȼֱͦû֡


ھ Ͷ״
ɽŵӴһھעǶ߲ܰ쵽ģȻӵȻܳɣΪǰ֡
֮ѧΪΪΣ֣ھѪഺפѪ˥ٲɱΣǧȡϽ׼ھţעɣʮ֮ڣһŭ֮ǧ˿ɵУһַθ磬ϢƳƴ˶ʤ߰ǣǸֽʮ˲ýߴƤ⣬˿ʮ˵С
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˱ǰɽе֮һΪߣ߶ûͻƣȶ߲ܰ쵽飬Ȼޱȡ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱһϽһתһ־ĽϣӰһ߿ÿÿϮΪԵֵĲλ
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ԭɽŲˮ׼ˣȥˣһ˵ֻӶУ󽣷һ䣬ʮ֮еһɱʩչһٴµӵ˲䵤ȥǺµӵڵأٲ
ɽŵӱ͵ϮˣһͬŶ׼ʱӦҼҴʮԹƮɲǿߡ˶൱׼һ֣ת۱ͬŵڵϡ
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һµĻصУеһ˿ؿڴͳҶȻʼĽӰ⣬ʵӰӡ˵ӰܿĿӰֻܿΣȻǰɽŵˡ
뵱նɱ֮õһģһֻƺ˺ܶࡣ˿˿üӡѨ͵һֻԺ֮Ǹռһ֣֮еƺҲӯһ㡣
ԭⱴҶȻܹɻǣΪԽǿԽǿܴӱҶ֮еõĺôԽ󡣡
뵽ôһһϲѡȻɱ֮ˣ˸ĵ·Ȼٲɱ˼ѪⱴҶɱ˶ԲɱˣͬǿʵķȻĸ߰ɱˣ˺͵ˣõĿꡣ
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ʲôһһֱֱϺƬ֮ͨʲôȻĵ˵ͷ
øͶ״


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ҶӻǺڻӣɽһ㣬ɵ֮д̽ϢִÿڵľӢӡ֮£Ǻؾǰݵģɽʦֵǰɱ֪һãû룬̽ȴû˻
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ڴʱ֨һҴŴһϺ˳
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⻰һÿɷ񣬵Ϻ״æЦԭǺڻҶ˶лˡ
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ʮһ 
ǺڻĴӪڡڻƿ֮ĸسǣķ֮һΪڻĸڣҲسǡ
ڻϣ·ˡҡھϣ˲ǱˣǺڻһ֮µ󸱰
ģĽˮ鲻ɣǰһ߾ɣΪ˿۸ĺ̼ӻˮšˮǺڻﹷͷʦ
ɧŮӽ÷Σ˳ơӡһĹܹˣΪַ߲ʩǰڶϲãƿźڻϢ
ǴΤͭǺڻսڰ֮£ǰеڶ֡
Τͭզſڵӣǽйʲô飬ǰСӽ컹ûҴأΤһ첻ɾ
ˮҲЦӣΤ˵öԣ㻹ǲҪˣ˵һ˵ɣ
÷ŤһˣСһû뵽ôӣѵҪҸˣ˿Ҫ¹ͷŶ
Ӳӣıֵͬ˶ЩͣΤͭ͵ӣٸΤһĹȻΤͭӲӲ
⻰콿ЦûĹаһեɣʱ㻹趯ͭ
룬ü΢λǹæ´ţǴ˵󲻴˵ССʶλһ°ˡǶλԸ⣬ҾҰȥˡ
⻰ˮüͷһ壬˵ӣʲô黹ֵҰ˵ˣǲ˾ˡ
Ե˵ͷðɣλ˵ˣ֮һûңɽŽ˳𣡡
ӲǺڻ鱨ܹܣ㽫һһ˵֮˵һȻЩҶӻˡ
֮ΤͭһЦһţСӣɱɽŵˣʲôӣΤĿζ
ˮüͷ΢ǿѹͷߣ˳է飬¶
뵽ˮӣӣɻʲôû˵
ԽЦһǾʦⶼ֪
ΤͭЩͷԣ㶵ĵѵУСӻɱˣ
Цû֦ҲΤǿЦˣСһ־Ƕ۷ˮ׼ﻹûµοΪĿĴﵽˣﻹҪ顣
ˮüͷһӣ˼ǣСĿģ
ӵ˵ͷڿǵСҶ˵ˣСҪչҪָʲôٹɣ
ָٹ⣡ΤͭһСǲǷˣȻ£ӣ˼ǲǳɱ
ԣӲмƳһۡǶˮ˵ˣɣν֮֮СȻָȻҵȱذгͻҪ֪ɲҺڻһҰ˵ţˮһ˿ȻѾһ⡣
ԿˮˮٺһЦ˵
ȴ˵֮УԴɽ֮£˸ơ෴ؾܽǰݷã⾹Ȼ˵һμؾϺһ֮£ȻؾˡϾǽٳǹٳһٳɼָ岻˵ˡ
ͬʱҶӻҲʱһ˳ԷϸƷڳ̶ȱֵܻסһҲûȣֵܿ
һգҶӻҴľϣһľֵܣȥһˣĺˣ
ʲôˣһɵ
ҶӻһЦľֵ㲻һֱҪؽľô˰
ʲôˣʲô᣿
Ҷӻҿ˿صؽľҲҪʵôʵľֵУôȴǺѻ۵ġһ˳糵
˳糵һüͷô£
Ҷӻһɲɫ̾һðɣǿֵһϣȸˣ˿ǣĿıֵⲻǾõĻôҺڻܿؽ
⻰һͷһϲϺôã˽˵û뵽ľȻǸһ֪ǡᡯˡ
ͷϲϸϲ֮ɫһæȻˣȥɣ
ҶӻͷϲһɣΪ˲һзչǰһ
ϺһֱվһĬĬţһһƻģʱȴҪһѻſڵү»ӳ顣
ҶӻúôˣæϲصģҶĳ浣ģǰһġ
⻰Ϻһϲϵ˵ͷһͬҶӻÿڱȥ


ʮ ʵ
ڻÿڣҶӻ·Ȼͨ衣֮ܿУֻǶˮˮվ룬һʽ΢Цˡ
ҶӻæǰݵҶӻľҼľһľˡ
ˮ΢΢һЦľҺˣӢܣ˷۷
һͷƣ״Цľĳ֪кָ̣
ˮתȦӣȴûһһڱ书ͣǸǼıǺá
ǺһЦˮٴ޵ľӿ˿ĳҲϻ빫Ӽ룬֪ľΣ
һͷȻһжҲûʲôϲȴϲɫʱϺһԿһһ״ʲôһ㣬ɫȻ֪׼ľĳʲôְλ
ˮͷϷü״ľӣҪ֪ݣֺǲ٣ľӳէԱػ˽⣬ҶһΣ
ţ
ҶӻȻԻһ֮ףڴؾʶһÿڵҶӻҲǶߣҪĿĻ̽ϢһǰֳʵǶ۷塣ʵÿڣسҲǴ´ˣʱԼÿڵĸǹģЩơ
һ˼תܿ㶨¼ʱõİ취ǲӦ䣬ݾһܵİӣȻݵһľĳ
ˮҡͷľϢŭ⽭һжʵ˵ɽ֮ľӽɽмĻ¡
ʲôһŭĿ״˳
ˮ˿Ϊ⣬ҡͷ˵
⻰һһļֱŭڣϺҲסŭЦøʵ˵˵˵οľĳʵһΣ
ˮٺһЦľӣǰ飬ǹĿ²ðɣ
һЦûʲôõģ˵ͷѪûʲôʵģ븱Űɣ
ˮһѲӣֻ֣ڻ˽˸Գ˱УŲȣһͿһһæֱ׼һ㡣
ˮ̽ʵľӣȷҪԣ
һͷЦѣŭɫȵȻ
ˮ˵ͷԶ˵ǶľӱһȰɣмǲľӣ˵״ȴһ˿Цζ
һɵ֪˶˰ۣ˶ɫȼǻ־±ˣȴһ㡣ϷݵȻݣʱŭͷԣЦ㽫˳Ծ˳ȥϺҪҲס
һһžֱ죬ɼ˶ߵˮ׼ɣһ㳯ȥȻҪһʼһжˡ
ǶǶˮϸѡĸ֣Ȼǵ֮ˣ״Ҳߺʩչӭ
ӣһͷһӽϵ֪ʵҲǶ֮еĸ֣Ȼûﵽ۷ˮ׼Ѱ˶Ըһ۷Ҳˡ
һھԣһߣ磬֮ǿϢ֮öǶܱȡȻʱ׼¶ʵȴҲǶܹ׶Ըġ
һʮǰʩչһһʽȴ򣬶ȴƽɫ֮£һжһԵһҡ
ˮ״аԵͷȴʹ⣬ЦľΪҲΪڣתͷҶӻľĸǵð
⻰ƣһġľӡȴһУʮǰŽʩչŽĥ˳ɾͣȻû̫ʵսһһʽޱȣÿÿʩչñͱ仯ˣҹʱ׽ѡ˸ֲλǶ˹ȥոջռƵĶ˶ʱð빥أϾԶһ˽תһ
ˮҲý֣Ȼһһ׽Ǿ֮һʩչȻȴ˼ɱͷһ˼ΪǴҹֻ֪ȴû̫ʵս飬Եͷһǡľҡݡ
ˮͷŹϽóֶΣٴιƵýֶΣľӹȻͬѰһõĽɫľ㲻ܴǵĻ¡˵ȴͣˣ֮ȴ
һͷЦ֮Ũ˿Ƕ֮еĸ֣Ҷӻǿ֣Ҫ˵ɵⴿƭ˵Ĺġľӡʧȥǣһ˿ŭ֮ɫȵڱӶǶȥɣ
һ䣬ʮʮҲһѧĺĽĵһʩչʱӽϴ
ȻķǶ˲ΪǳϮɴжʧһ״Ȼ飬ر㽫ƣ˹صõĬ¹Ҳʶ֪ٵطˡ
ԵʤˣһȴǲԸͣ£ϰǴСе뷨ʵ֡
ϲ֮£һǽʩչʮľڣѰ±˽ûʦഫҲɣһȴǲͬԴӿӡѨ֮󣬾ǣ˼⻹ѧޱȵ˳Ҳ⼸ռ򵥵ˡ
˵裬Ϊ֮ɼ֮ǿڣǶֻӰԼܶܡ
ۼɴȥ˲ҲҪˣˮڶˡ
һ£ˮһݽǰҪ˽һһӽˮЩˣʵʵĽӰʵԱȻһ׽Ľ֮ϡΪɲյһ˿˺ԺԷڡ
һˮһߵھ𣬽һƣֻʮཻ֮ʱһɣ۷ŭĿŶˮ
Ǻ⣿


ʮ 
ˮǿ۸֮ٳӣæЦľӲ֮Ϊǿ˵žΪ
һͨƨһаЦһ̽Ǳֳ۷ˮ׼ȴʩչޱȣ֪Է̽ԼʵĿĴﵽˣ˵ʵˡ
һʣһһȻ״Ȼˣʲô˵
ˮͷű˵֮ʵ˵ľոǿܼҺڻǰ֮ңһССĸԶԶ֪ľӿԸƹһÿڣһ֮
ʲôһһԼһһְλ˵ƿһʵȨû뵽һڱλӣǿƿÿڵʵ
ô֪ľΰˮЦƺ϶һԾ
˵һһϺҲԾһ˾͵Ҫְġ
ûһ𻰣ˮÿЩ⣬פزҺڻƿصĸسǷΧڣɽءȻľǰȥĻȻܽÿεĺһ콫ɽҺڻľҸҲ
ţһ˼һתܿ뵽ⶾˮĿģȻԼΪɽһ㶼ǳֺãɽôλûйڻ¡ˮһ˵ޱȵļȻʮһǰȥˡ
һͷһЦͨӸ¾ˮǹʹˣȴǲͬͷһ⣬ƾͼƲ
һЦһ⣬ȻӢۺܣľĳէ͸ְȻЯľĳȴ֮ˡľȻ֮أ
ˮȻϹͷüƣϲֽ֮ǲڵġľҡһһʮȻһĹ⸴ĹӣϯǸ裬òʹ졣
ϣˮͳӡţͨȫһʽڻΪɽÿڵ͵λֻڰ֮ˡ
ˮһֱһ͵ÿǰҶӻһͻء
һȥӰˮǹһЦ
㲻˵˰¶ΪʲôָλǰһԵһ˺޺޵˵Ƕ˿Ƕˮĸúãû׼Ҳһղܣ˵һ֮λ
ˮЦǸô꣬ɼ˴ϵ˺ôȥ
ҡҡͷ
ˮһ֪Ҫһ˸ǿ·ѽɽǲǸð
⻰˼
ȴ˵Ҷӻһңһոǿǰ;˳Ǻȥ
صУһС
ϺĿһүΪΣ
һЦҵǹʹˣүҪ֪һǹôõġ
ϺԵ˵ͷ˵һ£СﻹһҪү
ʲô£
С֮аʵǡɣǼȥɽرаڣ
һȻ£ٺһЦãӱʮ겻С˱絽ҲǾӣҲСˣһһıˣ

֮һһ˳ǳɽطȥǸ򲻾õլԺҲˣĸһչҲߡϾȻ֮أ˳Լٶĸʲôв
һյ·̣ɽس⡣
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ʹ·֮󣬳ܿڻÿפأԺ⣬һ뺷ĺӳֵѲߣ˳æӭ
ʲôˣںڻǰͣҪˣ
Ϻæ³ֳһڻƣȵڻɽÿݵӭӣǲɣ
ƣڻӶסˣ֮Ż֮ɫ֪ΣȴһС͵͵ȥȻǱȥˡ
һԵûЩĺӣЦݵС˲Ҳӭӣֻǻһ
û䣬һ춯һ˶󣺡Ҿľһڴˡ˵Žίչֳ
ģæμľ
һȻĵ˵ͷһȻϵñѵû˵ΣϡϡģǼأ
ɽصÿڱһĸͻغڻȥˣһְȱ׼֮ѡ񣬵û뵽һȻһȡˣҪһһҪѾһүһİõߣʶ˵ӭӣǳʱ˸ֽڲÿ֮С


ʮ ҹϮ
ⷬʻһ֮ǰɽ˽һͿǵɫʱһ䣬һȻףˣǲĵӣҲܹܵõЩΪҰżҾ֪֮ͨǰұˡ
һɫһ䣬ЩѰͷԣϲ֮µ޹أȻһûйҲֵУﵹá
ҹĸһչȻ˯죬һڷǲϵڴĦƬҶ÷
˼һԼ˲ŽҶ뷨תھָϣһѪҺָ
ֽѪҺͿҶϣһصĳˡһѪҺ뱴Ҷ֮У˲Уͼ֮У˿˿Ʒ׷ĳĸӰƹȥ
Ƭʱ䣬ͼĸڱҶϵӰѪɫһӰϷϢ
ףô£ѵһаű꣬ҪѪǣôûĸʲôʹִʮ㡣ˣˣаϴˣȻẦЩˣοδʲôڣʵҪġֻҪͨʵ˭Σĸ׺һչҲٵˡΪ׷ʵҪ˵ɱˣɱֻҪĻڣʲôں
ͨ˽ڣһֻͷޱȣ·𳤾Իɢһ·ڽ¡
֪üĿĿռһŹⱴҶศɣûʶԵĶĶ׷ʵľǡǡϣʹʽ̤˴˹ĵãڴʱüӡѨ֮Ҳһ΢ı仯
ֱ仯ǱĬģһڻоٴһ֮󣬲ŽǱҶ𣬿ʼ
ڶգһʽÿڣϡϡվһЩӣĸµĸһûֻһЩСͷĿˡ
һŭϲݽһ֮󣬵Լէ¹Σһ֮½ҶӻӾ£˾һõĵ϶Ц˻ûһһӢ䡣ȻͲ֪ˡ
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һʮչȥһգһʽùطһӰԳ˳׷׳ɱ˹
һͷϲһˡһĨóʡ⳯ӭȥ
˿Ҳ֣һӦҲ˿Ծȴ߶ֻγһƽһΧС
һһὣǰһֱ㷢˶ԷʵȻһǶ֮еĸ֣ˮԲһ˺֮ȴһ
ʵǰɱһ۷£һͬһߵˮ׼ϢƳ˵о
ʲô˸Һڻƣһƺʵ
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ˣһһ֧һߺȵǲ˵Ҳ֪˭ľһҲ͵ɽţһɽŵ˰ɣ
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һǶߵ࣬һȻ£תע߶ھ͵ƴһǡ
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Ƕ۷ܹﵽģһ߲еʵһǺεȴڣ֮иÿڵʵȨΪﲻζվ۷Ĵڡǰ꾹ȻѾΪ
ĵãΪһ˴һˡʱӰ֮ܶ䣬ŵǹΧġ


ʮ һѻ
ϺһԾ֮һֵμ¾Ԯ٣
һϺģϺ꣬Ϸ΢΢ͷ˾ͺã⼸ɽɱ֮ˣǱ±¾Ҫˡ
⻰ڶӷ׷׳ԾѣǰοǸֵĴڣǱƽǼ˿ӡܽڴ˴
ͷɻʱϺæƵҽץ
ȴǲ֪öǲöϾǰòϣ˱ܹ£ҲҪ٣˭ҲԸΪ˱ˡ
ȻһЦһأ£һ䣬һǰʱ磬ֶʩչȻһһֳǰ
ûȵ˾һ֮佫ʮʩչ׷֮±㽫סȻҪһζԸˡ
֪һһ֣ﻹݵѡ𵶽һƴһ
һû׼ڲʵһֵھʩչڼϾʮʮغϱ㽫˽
֮УǴͷˣ˾һնɱѪߣһһ¶ͼһѪɫ
ָָµǸˣһϺҽ˴ȥʡ
Ϻͷһǣ˽һֽŵɽȥ
ڶӿľǣһʤҪʱһɫһ䣬ȵϮڣҽ
һ֮дһ˿նɱУѪɷһ籡ڵľѣЩʱһĨһѪɫһͷǼ
һĻ֮æֳǰȥûܳԶ˴Ҵұж֮Ǹһɡ
һŮֱ£գǮͻɽÿڲҪ׼֮ѡնԣıǮҰĲΪģĸ٣ȻԵܺãһŮȴǲ˿áʶ֮ûеóһ
һαֱܲһճЩûʲô뷨ܹŮ֮Ҳûʲô˼ֻǮƶˣ෬˵֮ôһļƻ˵Ǿ㲻ܽһߣҲӡ
ǮȻƷãȴ粻֮࣬ܿ㽫¡˵Ҳ£żС
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Ϣ˵һϮ˲˵ǮϲѣϣǴܹ̿һٽһնɱĻᡣ
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ⲻոոϵ㿴һɱ֣һһʽޱȣͷĽҶɢһһȣﻹҲ֡
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νʩ֮£Ƭ̣ڼ⼸ձϺĵӴ֮£׷סĴ
ʱɫһ䣬ն˵ЩľӲŲӿһǮһĻҰͬܵĹǻһŮŵֱ¡
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һʮ 仯
Ǳ֮ĺڻﻹҿοһѹסˡ
һۣһȵֵܶ˵Ȼûʲô˵ˣҹˣһڣҶˡҲǰˣѹȥƽϡϺҽѹȥܡɽ֮£һ̬شһΪ˷ɽٴ͵Ϯÿ֮ϸϣûõҵţ׼Աÿڡ
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˲֪ǣһһΪ֮ȴʮֵżڵӵ߱ɿԼٲ
뷿УһһѴӻнǱҶȡֻŸ򰵵ӰƮһ͵ΪǽɽŴ̿ͣɽŵӡ
ͬǣڱҶ֮бѱ֮󣬾ȻǸѰ˵ط£һȦԣһơһɹܳ˿˿ƵһüӡѨ͵֮С
üӡѨؿռ侹Ȼϵһһһһ֮ȴǽڱ󣬲һʱ䣬Сøһ󣬻Ԫһ壬·һ鵤衣ŵǹˡ
üӡѨı仯֮еȻҲһأһʱһɣҲһ֡
Щ仯˵̥ǣӦЩ仯һҲ泩Ҫ
֮еתЮھϴˢһ飬ûһɬĸо봫֮Щھĵҩʳ֮һʱ֮ԿƲͬ
һȦȦתʮ֮һδͣϥϷŵıҶͷ˵ϲֻԴƺڽŸı䡣
ͷһһҪҶֳȥȴǱҶһһ㣬ƮƮȻıС
һĻһֻԼӶҪɳˡ
⵽ô£ţǱҶԼɵôѵⱴҶ˾ɣ뵽һСĽҶһֻ˾ŸӰ⣬û˿仯
ѵѵңҽҶŪģһȻ뵽ֿܣͷһ˿˷ܼĸо
˿ϱҶһСķڴϣңңվţǱҶͷͷһ

һ죬ȻǱҶǰһ㣬ƮƮıɵһϡ
⣬ңģ
õһЩ˵Ҫ֪ҲţҪƷƶȴǴû˵ġǵλХҲܰ쵽ܹһģֻд˵֮еˡ
ȻԼ˵һͷľϲȻݡ̬ױĺܺãָܿƽºһ顣֮󽫱ҶĿת˷

ڶ峿һ˷ϺȡĶŵ䣬ʯС롣ȡ֮һ㽫ԼڷУٲû顣
峿һĳ˷䣬ϺһԸ֮Žλ˳
ϣһϣϺһߣڶվţˮһ㱻
һһʱ䣬˸ǱֿѺʱ¡çɵ㷡
ǣ֪һȻˣôһ䡣
⻰¡һ㶣ǮͷŲ˵ǻ£
һ΢΢˵ͷ˵ȴǿˡ
˵һˣȻеڶ˵ˣû뵽ڶ˵ȴǮǮһίݵ֪ˣֻ˼ﰡ
⻰˲ĿָǮȵˣǼˣ˵űҪǰ֡
һȻϲǹҧȴһߵڴˣǻҪʲôӶô
⻰±һæȥֱ֪˵ҡ
ҾͺãȻ֪ɣ


ʮ ڶѻ
һ⻰ͷɵһ˺üû˾ĸһ֮˵һ֮ˣǵ֮ʱҲ˶ԸǡȻŵϵĸоȴʮܵġ
ȴû취飬˭һεëû꾹ȻһߵΪɺ޵ǣʩչʱǸɽžȻ˰ɱǰɺ޵ɱֹȴɱץ˻ڡ
˸ܱԱȴòֳһĵģ
һ˿һ飬һЦ˼Ȼ֪⼸ûйҲп͵ķϣҲΪǡˣȽǸְ֮ȥһʱϺˣ
õһ仰ͷһ˿ϣˣڶ仰ȴߣ⸱ְ֮Ƕȴûһ仰㱻ȥ֮ˣ̵ȥ
¡նžҪȴϺһŶ˵֪λǰкβ
˽һղмĽϺһһôͷǴһ»ǵ鱨ҲͰˣǵҶ˴ĺڻȥ½ڰɣ
ϺŶһȻ״˵ͷڻҲ˵Ƕλһֽÿǿսɣ
԰Ȼĵ˵ͷҶ˴ģЩ깰ÿפصıҺڻ
˵꣬ջΪϺǳ羴ĿȴûϺȴǲмҡҡͷһ˻ȥ
¡նԣʱͬβ͵èһ㣬ȴ˴ʱ˵صŭͷʲô˼ѵҺڻ
ϺתͷǼĿŶˣһ˵ͷ
ʲôҿڻԶʱ˵δȴɳϺ˹ȥ
һԵӼǳڿ֣ǶϺûһһ¡
ۼŶ˾Ҫ˵ϺǰϺ͵һ𣬶ʱžĦ֮𣬶ʱһƬ֮˲ͷĸ߶ȣȻȥһ٪˲Ϣ˾һ㡣
˹ĶͷȻ֪һ壬ʱȴɲסˡ
ϺһЦǲ˷˫ȭǰ͵ıǳǰһ壬ƫУĴڶ˵ϡһİľ֮δ󺺾Ƥһ㱻÷ص˵ϡ
תһĻڳ˲ˣ·ĸǮͻﶼͷġ
ɣ۷壬ʲôﰡһΪѵܲҪɽءǮ˼䣬Ծͬʱ뵽˺ܶණʱ̧ͷһϺг˿־һ˿׽͸
һж˲Ϣ֮䣬һûκ˼͹Ȼòġ
Ϻߵ¡նǰȥֱһӣһذ׳ϡ
ΪϺҪɱ˵ʱϺȴǽذһӣ˵ţӸϡ
¡ն˸Ϻ˷ŭžļ¡
Ҫʲô˲һ
ϺٺһЦλǰƺ಻һ¿¶λ˵֮Σ񽫶λ⿪һΣ
⻰çȻ𷽲ǾԼ˴Զ˷ȴоʲôʹ˿ԿϺİոԶԶǶ˿Աġ
ڵ֪֮ʱһһЦҲãϺ˱꣬ȻǱĸ˷δ˵ΨףͱһԾʵϺľǰǣֻҪӮǶ֮λ
⻰˶ʱͷȣ⸱֮λɲ˵ģƽʵϵģǵû㹻͹С˵ǴȴҲǵλ磬нٺԶԶܱȣô͸˵ˡ
⻰ϺǺһЦһֵ಻ҲӡתͷյλŶ֣Щģһԣԡ
˵Ҳȶ˻ش𣬴󲽳ȥҪľ͸
⻰Լŵĵӱȥһ΢ЦĿһУתͷǮͻλ뷨
⻰ǮҡͷģҲá
㣬һҲᣬλϱĿһ֮󣬱Ϻ˻һȺǱĵӣǰֺʧ
Ϻ¡ˣЦλӶȹˣͿǵˣ


ʮ Ȩ
⻰ֱҡͷһȭ֪ǰ⿴ͷˣųȥЩҲʶÿھӢмǶѹղųȥһʱ䣬ʮ˱ģͷȴ½ǶûгɼĪ⡣ͷԣҲˡ
Ϻתһ˹֡һֽһãȻûܹȹϺǴλӾͽˣϺп죬Ҿλÿڵֵܻʲôô
ԣϺĵӻǼ˵һʵĵӶ顣֪ģܻ쵽СͷĿλӵǸǱﻹ
ʱ֮ʱһŷһЩϺڻϼѵλ齨ѵڻ󱸶ӵˣһЩµСͷĿµЩõСͷĿÿڵʵȨռȥ˽룬Щ˶ǰÿڵʮ֮ھϺѡģǽӽĸĴڡ
ЩڵְͷĿȻҪԣһһǰòɱպգûбͷĿΪ˱סԼ棬վһߡһ֮еĴֻѡܣм˳ҲϺȥԱΪһܣûٲܿˡ־ȭͷһռȭͷ󣬸ռŵλڣ͸ˡ
һͨһδɱ㽫ڻɽÿץԼУȻӸЩһһֵԼϺϺϽֶΣ²һ£ÿھĲպˡ
һУһһͷԼԺ֮б㲻ٳĸһչϺû¶׼Ժ䡣ͷ˶ֻ͵ſڡÿ֮һʱ֮佫׷ײ²֮µóôһۡǱһʲô湦
һƹ㣬һʱȻԭһɲʵ޿벻ģһôһİǰ棬ӷ׷Ч£ʼڷһʱ֮ÿ֮γһɷķɷɽÿڳ˺ܾã֮кֺܶܳԴ˴ȻǺˡ
ȴ˵һգϺԺ⣬һүƬ֮ԺŸ֨һһڵĳϺǰ
Ϻ˵ʲôҪң
Ϻɫ˵үɽŵɱɿˣ
ˣһüͷһ΢΢һЦãȥ
һϴ֮һһɫϺ֮Уһ䲼ʮ˰̾ߵķ֮Уһ̾ϡ
⼸ֵˣһզ࣬ǰȻʮ֮ǰǸɱͷ졣һҲɵΪе
Ϻÿڱ֪Ȩ඼λѳţչʾһߵʵҲᱻܿա湧زԼܡ
һϺ꣬һС꣬ͷƣǱһ߰Ի͸һҽͷͻȻһЩ¡һҩܳ׽ÿõС
ɵǣһʱѵԼʹ۵ǡɷ˵ĴڡһϺûᣬͰ԰ϺһԲӦһ֮²ɱ֣ǽĸ¡˵ĵǰɲɷ̵С
Ȼ£һҲƵģϺǿԼҪ֪顣ʮ춼ȥˣһȫͶһҪҲˣʱȴͻȻ˽
ǰ棬һһͬ絽һ㵯ı㰺ͷһĿһ˵Ҫ֪ʲôҶ˵
һ΢΢һЦҪ֪˭ɱҵģΪʲô
˿ЦһҲ֪ΪʲôǵõϢ㲻ǶߣΪʲô;Ȼһߣ
һһЦһߣͲˣ˵ţһһͬھһᣬĳʱѰûһ
һĻ˳ԾŴ죬źעھ֣ܣôǶ֣
ϺվһԣһĻҲԾѣ֪үŸͻһ߲ãԲͻƵߣһʲôֶΡȴǲ̨ˡ
һһҪϻѾ֪̫ˣǲ˵õĳҲ֪³Σ


ʮ ѻ
һʱ֮һϺһͬ˼ΣԸĵȥһϺ¾ͽȥˣƻڰ֮԰ô
Ϻĵ˵ͷүģϺóȻ׵˵꣬ϺҪȥ
һ£һסϺ
үʲô
һָָηЦɱʿţͷܱҲ˵ôͻȻˣʲô
ϺڨڨһЦү±Ҳ޷ʿһֶȷʵ˲ġһСӸһ뷨Ÿ˵֮󣬾Ȼʿ˿ڡ
Ŷʲô뷨һ¡
С˵Ҹʿ˵Ҫιðװ֣ĸɸɾͻɽţʿ»˵ġҲҽû뵽ȻЧˡ
һԻȻЦСͦģú°ɣԺлὫһ
Ϻͷ
ⷬ鴦꣬һٴλصСԺ֮Уοʼһͷĺʹɨ˽Ժ䡣ǽԺ֮󣬱㷢ֵԺӵľͷʯͷ֮߱ǰͽͭŪǿ׶ƺʴһ㡣Щٴÿ֮м湦ѧȴǺˣ˴Ҳᡣ
ʱţʱܿȥˡ棬һһףµʱҲٳÿһ˦չ
ЩʱϺæһ׳죬ѵڻθͷĿǰ֮вٳ˸ּ˺ͼ˵֮ʱϺŽôһܼҸøɵ鶼ˡ
һգһճԹ緹Ϻǰˡ
һж׼ô
Ϻ˵ͷ׼ˣ
һһϣ¶һЦǾͿʼɣǸɱң͵ĸ߰ɣȥѵĽΣ
˵Ŷһǰһ䳡ȥԶԶıվ棬ǵȴһĺ
ƣǶоѵûʲôһҲɾһƲǱģɱŨŨɱ
һҲɱ˲գˣΪԶڳˣȴǲʲôӰ죬Ȼߵ̨ϣȻĿ̨ˡ
һ֮УǶ֪ҪʲôǱ𣡡
⻰ѻȸȴǲ֪һҪ˵ʲô
һ״˫һӣΣĿıΪ˴λֵܷչÿڣȡøĵ̣׬ȡĽõҪŮˡҪǲҪ
⻰̨ڵﻹûӦ׷׺ҪҪ
Ⱥ鼤һһתɽžȻɱǾǶֵǵ·˵òñ𣡡
һ͵˸Ⱥ鼤λܵô࣬һ𣬱𡭡
һֺһãһӣʮ̧˻ɻʱһ͵һߣѿ죬һӽ
̨˲Ȼ
ЩһУǹһ΢ЦʱˣǱλֵܴĵһǮƣ죬ҪɽŵÿڱֵԸȥһݣ
⻰̨µӽۺˣ׷˻Ҫͬȥ
ȻҪȥǾλǰǰ棬Ϻӣǰȥ𣬴ǳɹ۹ͣһ䣬һһһΣһһԽĽ֮ӽһָˣ㾶ֱȥ˼ա¶ѪһӾ͸ȥǮ뻨ں棬ȴҲȥ
һһ㳯س֮ɽŵÿڱȥһ죬ǰȴŶԸѰӵû⣬Ըһȴһ㶼ȺԾУӼûŪ״㱻նɱˡ
һǿ٣һͬոѪĽһɽŵӷ׷׵¡
ܿ˱㽫Ŵ򿪣ڴʱɽҲڵõϢһȺ˳
һ޾ɫһ߶ԣЩͨ죬ο׼Ȼûһͣһ©ȴһ㲻ʮϱʮʬ塣
һɱȴһȴѽѽ£գǮ񣬻лǣǾȻɱɽŵÿڣѵô
һתͷȥȴһ֮ɫĺڴ˫˳˲Ǳˣɽڴ˴ÿڵĸ֮һ˳˫ܱꡣ


ڶʮ ²
˫ɽɽÿڵһԱսȻ书ΪҲǶˮ׼һʹ˫Ͳ£¡Ҳסʱɽÿڣڵл֮¸Ǵ򲻹ˡ
˲ģƲƲһԼոһһʱҲûչʾʲôǿھΪֻһּٵɱ˽Ӷһ
˫ܼ˸ԼŭűҪȻϵĲҽʱſԽСһ
Сӣÿɱˣ˫Ҫ
һܱ˫һͷ­Ҫ
һȻרոͷֳһ˼˫ܣǹһЦתһǿƲȻ˫һһ֮˸Ա𿪣һֻܱһԶ
˳ո˼Ҫ͵Ϯ֮һ˫һб趯ܱɱ
ܱȻЩ³çһ˲ҲжϳһʵԶ֮ϡȻ֪һʵģȴǲ˿ɣֳһһĶǷźˡ
˴Ϯ˶෬Ǵɱ׳ÿɽżϸڣãǷ֮ѵ±ϢԻɽÿڣΪѵ±սһѹεĽóΪġΪľͻȻϮΪľһٽɽÿڶ˵
һźŵóˣһӣһöĶವĴУֱֱźŵϡ
ۣһ죬źŵûã
㣡ܱһŭĿһ
һһЦǼȻɱң͵ĸۣÿھ͸ҵˣ
һ䣬һն伸ˣٴγܱɱܱ֪һʵǿȴǲܣһڵӵǰԼܱȻĴʧ򱾾Ͳãܵõ
·ʤ·߸Ǽܱͷ䣬˫ɳһն
һмĽһʮʵĽӰ׷ȴǽʮʩչһ
һ͹Զܱ꣬ҲǾܱʮغϣҸһ˫һƮܱĲϡ
ɱүүʮһúܱĿ
һ״һЦô
ܱԲһ㶣㲻ɱң
ɱ㣬ɱʲôôɽÿڵģѵÿڵôǱ˵ǹʹˣһ˵һ
⻰ܱͷһңһ˵Ҳ˵ĺһͽ˵һǱʹǹÿڳ⣬ΪʲôһֵľҲ
Σ
һһЦ˶ԸԼǹҲܣԼǹɰأ˵תͷºնˡ
˿һߣ⻰𷽲ųһǰ棬Ȼһηһ˿֮⡣
ܱǵж֮ˣͿһУҲ֪һ˼ǰܱȴǲԸ򵥵͹齵
һ״Ҳǿͷܾͽ㿴ˣסˣϺ֣˵ǱҪµġ
һţɵӱ㽫ܱˣеȥˡ
˼Ӽøˣǵɥҵĳȥĵӳײһ𲻽ҳһ
һ˽ȥ˼״Ҳ֪һǾбϣһΪһ֮УʶӲŵҲȥ
һɱǹеӷ׷ãһ˳˺ı˽ȥ
ɽÿҲǲСҲкڻļϸһȻ˵ͼһֱײһʱ䣬һƬӳ֮һǰ
ãһЦԺԸˣ͸Ӣðɣ
һ䣬ĸӰ˳Ϊһߣʽӣɽɽÿڵˡ
ԶԶһˣһ䣬ȵڻﾹȻɽţѵҪô
һЦΣɽŸɱľĳľĳβ𣡡
ͷһݣɱֿԽӴģΪ֮£ԲܱץסʱɱʹץסҲܽ˵ġ
һﻹʱ˼һǾʹ˹鸽ǲִ翹Ǿ·һ


ڶʮһ ɽ
һһȴףԶԶȥɽÿڼ
һ޺޵ĿһһۣҿǲµӸҳɣ
һ䣬ý˴ߴ˳һż£󵶣ޱ䣬ɽŵľ൱ںڻڡ
ڵĿһˣȴһ˿ûо֮ɫһָЩӣΪЩ߹ֵܵסľĳ
Լĵ⾫񱻳Ϊ߹һŭЦø߹߹£Ӹϣÿ˽ʮ˭ȡ׼һ׼
⻰ڶɽŵӶʱۺˣڽǮջﻹ˵ǰʲô֣һŵ㱼
һмһЦõ󣬽һʱɱȺ֮С
ֻһȺնɱ֮£ȴЩӢӽһնɱʮˡˣǱһȦֵڶྫӢӣʵһʱû˿Σա
񷲻üͷһ壬ҲϣХһȺ֮׵ĳһɱȥϮڻλǰ
һǰϲԣЩνӢӸûѹһõһƬſ϶㳯ɱ˹
ʵڶһԣҪһٽһնɱöʤĻû뵽һͣûȵȥȴֱǰ
ʹҲһŲңֱ̧ҪһסվһѾܹעھӲģĪ֮˫һӣǿͦޱȵȴʱһһ߳ȥ
ȻΪҲǶ֮еĸ֣;ȴǷḻƾֱֱһŶ˹ȥһ۱㿴֮еİȻעھǡ
ɱ֮ʱչ¶һΪʹ£ʱȴǲԸⱩ¶ģûȵ񷷢ϣ͵һһȻһﴫУʱһסû˵
һٺЦ֪̫ˣһ㻹ɣ
һ䣬һʮչ׷׽ֻм֮ûл֮һĻ˵
ڵʮһ棬һתһͻ̻ͷ˳ƼĲϡ
ľԸͶڻֻҪľ£ɽŵҶ㣡æﻹһϡ
һЦ˵֪̫ˣǻڣɽŵĵӱи룬ҿɲǱˮ˵һһ仰ʱ䣬һ֮񷲱һѪ쭳ɽɥʧָһҪ˵ʲôȴ˵ˤڵϣٲ
һĻЩ׼翹ĵӷ׷˺ˣﻹҳ֡Χµ˵ĸҲһĻűҪߡ
µ˼ȺûϷŹĺݾƴһһݣ˴һһ׷״Сȣˤڵء
ЩӢӼ״ﻹܣһ㶵վԭءڴʱɱ֮洫Ϻ˺ڻǰˡ
ⳡЩ翹ĵӿνľɥֻһµǹϺ˳嵽˴ȳβ֪һǰֵõѾɽɽÿˡ
һԽһãڵڵӣȥ۹ͣͣ˵꣬һϺ˵˼֮һǽʧڴ˴
Ϻ״תͷ۹ͣͣ
⻰ЩڻӸЩ˱Ϊ²ɽŵһľɥ
ϺͷοҸ˵ĵһ߳ˡ
ȴ˵һɽÿڣһ·ɱԼԺ䣬˲ô֮󣬱ٲڴϣһǱҶȡֻñҶӰζһ±ǽˡдవ޹⣬ʮԵûҪһЩһ֪ӵЩɽնɱĵӣԼõɽ
ЩǻڱҶ֮лζģľŸӰ֮һ⣬Щ¼ӰһգЩҵӰ㾲һʼڵأһǰŸӰһ
ʱһһ֮УͬһΪͷüӡѨѨλ֮еĿռֳſһ֡Сͷ뵤֮У˿˿һϸӦһȻ֮ȻӾ⡣


ڶʮ 
оı仯һͷʮֻϲһ˿һʵס͸ĸɽҶ·ŻأһɹΪҲԸ˷ᡣҲ֪ЩǵʱǿҲǾȻԴԴȴġ
㣬һԲȶһգõڶתоüӡѨ͵֮еı͸УԼ֮бϢھһ֪Լʵǿһ֡
ϺӦöˣôˣ
һԺӣȥһ·ϵӼһæǳ羴֮ɫԱ
ϣϺϵĸһͷĿʩһǰϺæӭɽÿ֮˵һ顣
һüͷ΢ôǲľկɽȻһ
ԭһڻﾫ⧲֮һɽÿ֮Ϣڻûصͷ
ľկɽ
вľɽܱ߲ľΪԱɵһɽҴŶֵʵ°ڴѰľˣȻղڣһǿ׳ҲϲߣˣʵԽȺڻɽÿһߡ
կǵطǮƣڶ߱Ա귢չ֮ҲΪһկƣҲŶֵʵկȻΪҾ죬ʵˣڶ໿ƥƥ֮󼸺ͳһֻһ֮ʵȲľǿһߣɽÿ޼
ɽһȺɽʮǰ򣬴ҽᣬã׺᲻ͷĿнƴһռ۷壬ˣܿɱײޱȣ֮ȳݲǿɽÿҲѷһ
ɽÿõʱʵ໥ƺ⣬ǲľկɽ֮ںڻúɽΪ裬ʶһֱûܷչ
ʱ˵ƴﻹҪһһϺЧ̫ߣϢܵϲֱûõϢһʿ䣬һսɽÿڵĸһ򾻣Ķ֮£ٽɽ¡
ȵس֮ŷֻƴɣɽÿɱ£ڻڸɱڵĿǡ˭Ըʧʵ£Թȥˡ
Ϻĵ˵ͷýɽŵÿڶ˵ȻʵȴҲƻƽ⣬ֻǻж
һЦжźã¾ǹŲϳȻҿɵȲ˶á
ϺԵ˵ͷ֪һͷҲƣŷһһ˵һʱ䣬ɽŵĲƸ֮һȻ۹ͣȥ֮ڶȻһĺãԾԾ׼һ˵
ЩȻⲻ˴²ЩɽŵͨӲΧԱĳ̶ȲߣһͷĽ֮󣬷׷Ͷһºڻɽõ¡Щ߼ͷĿϺר֮ʵĹ鸽ı£ˡ
ֵλʱֻ˫ܱ꣬˶ɽˣ죬׷ڡ
һɽÿʵʱһأȻȲÿڵܺͣҲɽĴˡ
Ϻ²չĶȴһֱûпʼֱһ֮
һԺ֮Ȼһ֪Ϻ˻ʱԼϺѡԼȻбȽҪ顣
ż˹ȻϺһϺ˷䣬ʵк£
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ţһһݾ񣬵ʲô
Ϻ˵֣
Ŷû뵽ôһ֣˵
Ϻ˵ľɽиܵܽΡկկСŮͮ

һ˵֮һ֪ԵɣȴҵСĽ֮ģѵȴʼûлᡣʱȴͻȻһɽŵĶÿ̲ʵ֮ͷˡ
һЦû뵽ǵǳǵÿˣʵܹụ́ȻһݹͣҲȻϧ಻һ
ϺǹһЦүҲСˣС˵ͮȻ㲻ǣҲһ˶ʮֿأ
һ⻰β֪ϺĴ㣬Ц鲻ĸ׸˵İɣ
ϺһЦҲΪү룬Ȼү٣Ҳǿʱˡ
һ԰ֻõ߰ɣƣý˻ȥʶʶǿ˶ʲôɣ


ڶʮ ҹ̽
կϼ彨կӣΪһʱţȴǳһկóƥȻ࣬ȴսҲǲСˡ
⼸մկկҲһ峤ҪľϢѡկ֮ΪǶʻƵŮͮʱկӶæµˡ
ȻկͷԼʻ䵽ң˻Ϊ¸е˵ġһͮľ֮ԧ֮⣬ɲŮòҲ裬ɷˡ
һ֮ǰس֮һǱƾеĺڻɽžȻƴȻ˵һߵһάֵƽƣկеȻϣʱһǿѡʶ˴νҲˡ
Ȼæµկȴҷһ㾯衣Ѳƽʱһ޵ˡ
կΪ޵ĵطӰһǰһԽ˸߸ߵկǽ׵ıկ֮С
¹֮˵ףһϺ˭ˡѰֶԻǵկǽλһֵǰȴ̫¡οһϺ˸϶вСɾ͡
˿һϺկڵĵͼ
ϺԵ˵ͷץһƤͼչʾһˣһڶһ
ŵͼһճһʵô£ѵЩطûн
ϺһүկڻɽȴǲͬһۼɣܶطǵüĳԱǾԲܽģÿȻмϸУȴ漰ģʶ
һȻˣͷҲԺָ壬һҪԺԱϸ񿼲죬üϸˣǾʧˡ
뷨뷨һȻʱ滮Լļ壬ʾ˽֮Ѱȫ·կĵشȥ
ƹһڣ˺ܿӽկĵĵطҲһ峤סҴԺ
ڰӰ֮пҴԺڣһϺȻͣһ㷭Сڶµʱ򣬺Ȼ֪ʲôĶ
ãһ΢΢ԾȴǲŲң佫һƣʮ֮Ϊʩչ
Ǽϣ촫ȴûһֻüĽ̼
ﾹȻлأôү߳ϺͷһǵȻҲֵܵȴŪ춯ݾߣһһʩΪͬҽǣԡϺϽҲԸ̾һ١ͬʱҲҵĸ˳ϣ
ߣû뵽կɿ壬ССҴԺȴȻأѹļʵôꡣ
أһϺҲͣ̽ȥ֮ǰȴǽࡣ
ҴԺѰԺûʲô߹Ѱµط󣬶˺ܿ˺ԺҼ˺Ůסڡ
һɽ֮һԿ˿ΣȻһ˳һ˷߷ߵ磬˵ͮΪʲôϼңѡѡΪʲôҪѡͷԵļһһľĳϲͮǧС㣡
һһмĿһۣܣֱû㣬ͮεĻǸ׶֮£˵֮˺øУ·ʶҲûܸģ㲻ɽҲ׾ܾˣѵΪԼɽ˵ҸȨ
⻰޻˵һįĸ˹ȥ
үǰͮסˣö̸Ϻ
һԵ˵ͷǹһЦݣ߰ɣͿǿ˶
ϺһǵĹЦһȻһʱ䲢̫ãÿÿЦݣ֪һһЩ⡣䲻˵Щÿÿܳɹ˵еһˣҪùˡ
˷򣬶˺ܿҵԺŮڣһ鿴˺ü֮һĵСԺԺӲ󣬵ԸдŽԵõζѾͷ˳һЦҶСˣСǿأСҪˣ˵ѾͷĻ᲻ᱻ޹ȥ
һѾͷһЦ㰡˼˰ɣ
㣬˼ء
˼ˡ
һȥˡһϺڽ
ĵԺӣһ΢΢һЦˡ


ڶʮ ٳ
Ժ֮УŮסȻûʲôءҹɫ˴󲽵߽Ժӡ
үԺӿʮ£СҲӦΪ죬಻Ҳãһѡ񰡣Ϻ
һɫҲ𻰣ֱӳԺΨһķȥ߽һ㣬ȴ÷ͶӰȴˡǷѾͷ˵ʲôҶСˡȻһˣһҲΪ⣬Ųͣǰȥ
ʱһȴ˭˴󵨣Ҵ˴ȥ
Ǿʹͣ£ǾͲһˡ΢΢һЦܲǰȥȴһŮͮãҵνʧ˹أҰѵһ£
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һʾϺСĵʱ򣬷дһףҶС㿪ڵͮãǼﾹȻˣ㰲ıˡ
һ䣬֨һ죬ǷŶһװŮ˳¹⣬ԼɼŮӵòͲԼĪʮ㲻ñ߻ȴҲӣüĿ֮¶һƤ֮ɫԵΪƤɰ
ŮԶԶ㿴һüͷһأȵʲôˣô쵽ҴԺˣ͵͵ŮӵĹ뷿кͼı˵˵Сûһ鲻ãǾֻҪ֫ȥιɣ
⻰һɵһ㶣û뵽ôһСŮȻڵ˵һͨһûеĵӣƺȵ뷨ûС
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쵰쵰ҶСʱԵɣ֮»ڹӶһˮƾĴ䣬֮ۻʯľ׶һ״ȻһҲҪԼܵÿˡ
һйҶСģȻͮ٣һĶͷ㽫Сһţʱ˳к֮йЮʱҴԺլԺĺԶ
һ֮կĶֱϵӵܣѾߣûһѰѰĶǼ׵ͮ
կæµͬʱһϺԶԶ뿪ˡϺϿŵİһҲ˵ϲǱ̾һϺû뵽һ컹˲ɻ
ϺԣûһΣԺЦһЦ˽ˣ


ڶʮ ŮħŮ
⻰һʱһ仰Ҳ˵β˵һ仰Ȼȥɣٿ
Ϻûһ飬һʵǿȻòæǰسǷȥ
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һȥֻǷ۹ɽȴһޱȵķɫ˿Ůӣ˿֮ޱ˵ߣһͯӶЩѪţһ졣
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һѾ֪ȻǺ£һҪ㿪ۺ򵥵Ķһ㽫һס
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ǰ˵࣬ʵ˲Ϣ֮䡣˿Ůӽһ̵˲ǰ׹ҲȴһµŮӡǰŷۺ˿µŮӱ鱼ŵǾޱŮǵŵ
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ѩü΢˫ǶźƷƣȴǲ𻰡
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ѩһ΢̧һתˮһĳֱָƷƵаħ˵ö֮ջңնɱڴˣ
Ʒ֪ܶҡѩ¶һһȵĺУ罣ǽħ鱦˿ҲҪնħҲô׵ġ
ߣݲҪֲ֪ѩɫһ䣬ֽҪǰ
ƷƼ״ȴһ׺籽罣סһУЦðҪɱңǾ͸СӿҪһ䣬ɻ˷۹ʧԶ
ѩ׷ȥͷ˿ڵϵһüͷһڻû׷ȥһǰͳһöĵҩһױһУϷһ󣬱һֱһڣƬ֮˻
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ĶƺͬĴڣһһħһȴû˼׷ѰʲôΪ֪˵һֻҪһָͷԼһٴΡһǰδеѹͷǼ帴¶ûиѹ
һ˼һ֪棬Ҳû˼ȥկǸʲô㳯سǸȥϵس֮ʱɫû֮ʱһܿصԼԺУҪʼһ
ȻȴϺ˰ЦĵүǸǸү͹͵ȥ
һҲû鴦ЩƲƲ㻹ǽĸ׾ˣҪ죡
ϺЦֱӳĸԺȥ
һϺȥıӰЦĸ뷨Ҳ֪ģԭ˶˥ȴߵߣռ˾ֻʣһչˡһ벻˶ķܣĸҲճףѪˡ
һȴǲ룬һͲʮ࣬Ȼ˼ҵĹӸͿʼԼѾͷˣȴûжĿȾЩо֮еʮ߰궼ûгףȻǳ죬ȴΪԼסǼѪδϸռǻ˵ʵжʵǰδе׷
̾˿һЩ뷨Ժ֪ԼԸ⣬ĸҲǿԼֻҪʮʱ⣬ȵõܵܳˣӭжˡ
һ߷ҲͰˣկʱҳһࡣҵһҹõһ˵Ӱӡ
ҴԺ֮ϣһʮϣ·վˣ͸¶ŭ
˵˵ôܹ״կ͵ҴԺոǽͮߣǸ˵˵ôģ˲һ峤˭ˡ
˵͵һ棬Ͷľ룬һӡӡϡ
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ƼŮû˿ŭһ˿ԾЦҶС㣬˰
ҶСһͮñץˣȻҪȡ
ŶһѵҶС֪˭ֽţ
ҶСԵõİͷȻ֪ģǾǡ


ڶʮ ڹ
µʱǹ÷ɿ죬ܿȥˣһԼԺ֮ţʱ䶼ûκζЩ֡
ȻһϺү˴ȥһˡ
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ĸͮһģ黭Ů壬̸ĸȻǴҳȴŵڣСĿȾǲŮһͮǴҹյȵҲһͨ
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˫ӵ˲䣬ɽɫʱһ䣬˫ͼѽѽһ˶Զ
ܣƾĿһС
ƴЦſһۣЦݸԵÿֲûʲôܵģǾɣ


ڶʮ ʧ
ɽˣæþȫ˫޵ֵһǽƴĴ󵶣ȻƴҲ
ͻһˣƾֵĺ
ƴмЦͻƣߣһˣ˵ٲ֣Ӷն£ƴˡ
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һۣͬʱ˵ͷһȱɱأͬ󺰵ݵòͥΣҲ
öǰƴ˿⣬תһѶͬ뵶֮Сһ˶һˡ֮гɽƽӽ۷壬ͥȴǳߣսʮޡ
⽣Ӱ֮УƴһЦţеܹԷȴǳٳٲ£һ·ǰĲĸˣֻСèһ㡣
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ֵ֮ҲҪԮȻٰ˼Ҳ֪ɽɱԼҲò˺ãҲǰ
ƴʵߵͣ˻ˣ鷳ǽղ˭ҲԸⳢһͬʱƴƴȻȴҲ飬˿ȥʱҲһл˸һСˡ
ҪҲǵ̫һЦƴ˿ɣں̵ѴһХ֮жʱʱ嵽ߡ
֮һ뽪ƴмƣǽƴĶӽХɽկͷĿͷĿȴǽƴ°ˡ
ɽǱģХһЦϹ㽫Ů޸С檣㻹Ӧ컹Ҵɽ⣬û뵽ɣҵһˣȥկЩŮһ򾻣ˣɵС檣Ҳ绨϶Ҳû۰ˣСү۰ɣ˵꣬ХЦ
⻰ƶʱһָŽХ󣬿ҲҪ
ХЦҪСҪɣĵҲ
һԵĽƴȤζĿƣƬ̲ŵһϣһһɱһǻϡ
һ£ͷĿͽХŽƴϡɾ벻ϵ˶ʱսһšƴսɽһɽˣۼٶ༸бס
ڴʱ仯ͻһӲɱȴһŮҶС˭ˡ
ҶСһȣСҲһ䣬ץ˱ɱսš
ҶСȻ书û·һȴǲС±㽫ͷĿͽХˡ嵽ɽǰӽƴĴ󵶵ס
ҶС㣬ƴɫһ䣬ȵ㣬Ҷң
ҶСһЦңȻ֪Ҷңͮýɣ
⻰ƴٴˣҶС֪ģʵҲͰˣԼֵܹģ֮ʱɱҲɱˣ֪׷Ҳ鲻Լǧڳ˶ӣҲܲ©Ϣ
һƴջһҶС㣬ɽû°ͮǰȥѲ顣
ҶС˫ֲһҪ黹ҪôһҾͲ鿴ɽկûвͮã˵û°ˣ˵ǲڱĵطȥأ
ȡֵƴҲ̲סˣߵȻˣҶСó֤ȥȻݹҽҲҶˣ
⻰ҶСվףѲ׼⣬תͷƵ˵ô죡
ԣ˼һתһʹļ״ҶС㣬ǳˣȥͼ°ɣ
⻰ҶС㻹û𻰣ȴƴЦ϶컹ߡ
ҶС״Ҫ񣬽ұˣҪΣ
⣡ƴ뵽ҶС㲻ʶôȻ˻ȴ֣պݺҧҧã쿴ҶСҶҵķϽĳһ˵꣬կɽҲ׷׸ųɽկ֮зأǽХʵĿһۣƺԸʲôСһ㡣ƳҶСʱȴҲԳһ˿


ڶʮ ȸں
ɽȥɽսԼĪʱĽսϱʬһɽܣռơ
߲ȴ֪Ǵսȥֱƴһ֮󣬲ʿ˥ڳɱѰˣȻת
뵽ǰƴͻȻһֵʵɺⲻֻҶС߷߲ƽĿɽկš
ͮõױȥأҶСü΢
⻰ζʱҶСæ˵ͮɽˣѵûпͮ
ҶС³çǲԼĲΣһͷȥᡣ
ζʱˣҪҶС㣬ҶСһһɾӿ˳ʱδȥ
ŮӣΪˣαȥͬʱľֵܱ㺰
ҶС״мĿһۣԭͮѡҲûãĽٷˡ
ʲôĽٷˣɽҲһ
ҶС֪ôȻˣոǿԱȱСǿһߣȻͮôߡ
⻰ɽüͷһ壬תͷƵ֪ͮɽϢõģ
ԣתͷ˿ҶС㣬Ȼû˵ȴǲˡ
ȴ˵գҶСҴãҲ֪Ϣһҧʵֻɽˡ
ƳڻԵɺ֮ȴ֪ҶС˵ƶΪǱ֣Ȼ߷֣ͷҪɽһٲ߻һսȻĿǲ˵İˡ
ҶС뵽ЩãСظǱС㣬Ҳлˣ˴ûҵͮã´λлᣬҶҪҳǵġ
⻰ɽͷŭϴܣΪСѾͷһ仰ԼֵܾϰٵˣֵܲˣøСѾͷƭҵȣ㵽Ϊ
⻰ҶСʱһ㶣ɫ䣬ȵ㣬˵ʲôҶСƭ㣬ǲ֪ô
ɽһҶС㻹ǡ
⻰ͷæϵɣ
ɽתͷƵβɣ
ǡ
û˵꣬ҶСһȣȻǲ֪ôСͲˣ˵һȱȥ
Ҫߣɽȴƽס򲻿ɰ
ɽɻʲôԵģѵǺڻŮɽŮǻƼҵ˽Ů
ҡͷǣǶ㶯ǲľͻ᲻ˡ
⻰ɽһûбҪƭġ
ǵǣ
̾һƮ죬ҾͲҪˣ
ɽԶʱ˵ҲǰΰµԵģ˵һԲܵĴڡû뵽ˣҲ֡һ;ñŽƴӿֲ
л֮󣬶˿˿կŽյɽկ֪֮޷ˣֻý֮ԭ·ء
ȥʱܿӱޣʱսһʱ쵽̫ɽŻصկ¡
ȥ֮ʱƱԸկŽգԼ˷ز˿иʶʱͥǰȥš
Σȴû˿֣կǽӰ߶ͥȴһֻɼһȴûʲôȻʾ֮ɱˡ
Ȼ洫һˣҺڻɽõÿθɣ
ͥ˶һϸȥկǽվ£ǺڻõӵĴš
կڻùˣͷͬʱͷ
Ǽһͷ󺰵ܣԲܣկͭǽڣô̶ܶһղͱݣԲܣ
ƼͥæȰοɽͷȻȴȰģկûô׹ƣһڻϸǰİˡ
ɽΪȹģĽ仰˵˳Ӷˡ
׻ԣ˫СûȵȶһЦλɽɣҼС˸ӵԼλСڱأ
ʲô⻰ɽʱѪӿһ˲ͨ죬ĶЩںڣһ㡣


ڶʮ ֮
򵥵仰ͷĿŪģһЦ㲻ٳˡ
Ҳŭˣڹ˲ʲôģӵܣҹ
⻰Щϵկӵһ֮׷ϾկǽԺ֪ƥս֮ȷʵһôûС
ûȵǾһӰկǽϣ˴γֵĵǰǺڻӣһ˺һߣһŮӡ
ϸһկ֮дһñڿδð֮µֵ̧ͷȥ
ͮǲͮλæ
ɽüͷ壬ɫʮֲÿĵ˵ͷ
ŮͮǱ°ȥͮҲǴ˴ɽһսĵͮͬҲεδͮھȻվںڻ֮еͮ
ͮ򵥵ŮӶʱŸӵݱڳ˳ôһӣ˶˼ͮ˴¼жϵأǺڻƣŮаʲôɫ
ͮկǽϣǽˣεȴ¶һ˿Թһľկƿ֮ˣǲͮϸֳԼˣ顣
⽿εε˶˵һȴûʲô̫Ӧ˿ˣȻһ˳嵽կǽ´
ͮˣû°ɣͮ˵
һĿͮһۣ˻˰ɣ
⻰ͮƮһϼ͵·Σתͷһľ⣬顣
һһЦȻµЦһЦŮҲǲĻҲ֪ڵٶӵЦǺɱ֮ˣһжֶˡ
ͮȻӼУǴҹ㣬һ˵ǰ·ˣ״ˣֳλѣλǺڻɽľһѾڽկͲľÿռ죬ľլʺ񣬲ûдɱ䣬ֻϣͶϣľ˵ضĽɡ
סڣƴһϣΪţ㵨д˴治֮£ɱοȡ˵̧ץϹ乭ұ˳ȥ
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һֹһƲʲôҧгݵԭ㣬Ůԭ¶һֲ߻ġ
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һװɵͳ費һҲǺ⣬ֻǿ׵˵һˡ
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һҡҡͷӢ۵ãֻҪһ۱㹻ˡ
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һŶһɻǿѣǿȻǿѣأȭͷѵһʲôô
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һԹ˼ӣƬ̲ŴҲãýֶνֻǲ֪֤ǷճȺ
ɽ˿֣ʮ׳ĺվ˳Ҳȥμ״Ҳ˻ʱʮ󺺾վԭء
һʮһ¶һ̵΢Ц


ʮ 
ɽҲЩˣ˿ɼһʮ󺺣ǿ׳ȸţһһꡣǲ֪˻Ҫ
һԱٴȻɽһԴСˡɽҲ޷ʱǲľ֮ʣҲݲ֡
һǹɫɽڿڵľҷ˶࣬ҿٳֵܣ
һҡҡͷ֪ǣ׼ս׼һϣ
ɽԻȻҷʮ˶ľȻȺľʵǿԵҵȲǶ֣֪ɷҵ䣿
һ˵ͷҲã
ȻվһԵͮ˿ʮ֮еΣڶһľ
û˵꣬һֵıǣҲģ˵Ծկǽ
һǱ߶ʱһɧһҪһ½կȴͥݵöԣһԿŰɣ
ɽ˶Ըһǰһһʽһ£ǷسŵǸҪЮһһ̩Ȼɽȴɵģôգǵ־Ҳ
һ΢΢һЦɣ׼ǻȥأ
仰ɽɵñһŭˣͷʲôǶˣһȻľʱ䣬ҵȾʮһ̰ͬɣ
һԺĵ˵ͷ㣡
һյȼ˵ͷ֮𣬲һ⣬ֽһ׼
ɽһȭһʮ͵ĳһʮͬʮţ涼
һмһЦ֮һŲƮ˲Ϣ֮һǰ
󺺼һ侪ң͵һȭͷҳһʵˣһһȻһס˴ֱۡ
һζЦݣһֱһ󺺾Ȼױ͵һףҳԶȥҲվˡ
һвڵʯ֮䣬ɽ˻عҲֻʮ֮һˣεڵϡ
һĻɽͷ侲ɵķ˼Լǲʲôطˡ˼ʱһᣬһͬٴˤˡ̶ʮ˱ֻʣ°ˡ
͵ϮʣµİȻ˷ΧһȦضһһںΪͿʮ棬ɽǶӽ۷弶ֻκŶߵʵˡҲߣֻһȽˡ϶ԸҲУԸһеһȴǲ㹻ġ
ð˾һҲЦҡҡͷ˫һһ͵˳ú֮Уһ糤һ
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һĻɽ֪ԼˣҲ֪Ϊʲôһôˡһһ֣Ըǣ˵Ӳճʮˣ¼ǶҲûʲô취ɡ
һɽ˫ľ˴Ҳñˣ
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һԵ˵ͷɽʶʱΪͣ˵ɱ¾˵ɱ¾˵ĺôСոȴǲϲ޶ɱ¾ġ
˵˵ȻͶϣȻˣصÿڣ۹ͱǡλӼȻ汾ضԱֵܶԴ
⻰ɽͷʯһ룬Ȼûʵŵҵ˳ŵҲٲˡ
һʾ⣬ɽٷԸȥԼҲľԭܿկֿկ¿£ܿ쳡ֻʣ¹կ
һңңȥУ˵»˵ô
ͥԽڶ˫罣һƬ̣ŵկԸ鸽ľ


ʮһ 
⻰һû̫ϲõҪɽϢ֮һ˴󲿷ֵΧľפأһԴ˰ྫϵկڡ
һϺԳ򵥵㽫կŴ򿪡կկǽ񲻾У˿̾񾡳Ϊʱ
һϺָºܿ㽫կռ죬˱Ϯľͬһ֮һǻصկΪ֪ʤնص
կǽ֮ϵʱһԶԶ㿴˼һת֪˰̣Ȼ֪ʲôԵɣȴһĺûᡣ˵òþͽû٣侮ʯ˵úþǰʱ
һչʾǿʵ֮ɽͶҵĽȻ˳µ顣
ȻҵĽ֮һկϢֻҪͷĿصկ֮¡
ҹת֪һ֮Ȼͷ۵ĵѪ뵽һֵѹԼڻǿ֮Ҳֻ
μ֮ͮ󣬶˺ܿ˵طȥˣﻹЩ¶
ҴϣһһˣƣͥɽԼԭҪͷĿһá

ʲôٴιɽ
һ۾һУƣ˵կʲô飿
⻰ֻһӽŵһկƺмֵϾôļǲݵ˼̤չľǳĹ鸽չɽ˾ȴִ̫٣ľִˣǴӵڻ֮ģĳӦġ
һ֪ôһ˵΢΢һЦɷģÿҲԵٵͬͬ˱ˡ
ǡ
ƻ˵ȴһһߣȵƣҪҪȻݲ㷴ԡ
ҲǼŭһڴʱɱԼҪٴοڡ
ȴһܹܻˡ
ɣ
һ䣬Ϻ˽һ˥ϺƺһвûС
Ϻߵǰʱ¶һЦկǰɣȻҵûִоˣذ˵ţϺãһ࣬ž֮ȴĲʵ׷ըʯ顣
һĻŴ˵ʲôɽһĻ۷壬һ֣
ϺıһţʱסȴǲЧΣڶһ´֮̽ɽɣΪս֮ϢΪʱʺϹ򣡡
һĵ˵ͷ˵λʲô
һԻһԾľᣬļƣһշǣһ߻ɽ⣬߸ȸ֡һ֮еĴ˲ͶһҲ뷨
ƱסˣһȻתͷɽʵ⸱֪ΰ
⸱⻰ɽʱ֪һԼ̬ˡ
ɽ˼һת˾͵վֵ̧ȻҪɽɽҵгԹֻҪҵڻʹã˴˻ᱨҲһ¡
һһ߿ɽһۣһ֮սͣȾ֮ȷʵϸһ˵ȴǵˮ©
͵һӣһһãˣ㶨չɽһֲ

һҹڶգȻ˺ڻӣһ𣬱жԱҲнǧ֮ԶԶȥΪ׳ۡ
һѹկʣƥ֮ٴҳƥµʹãǰһһ㣬ƥ֮󣬲ñɽ¡
ɽɽկһͷӿһ⣬һӣôɽ˹ȥ
ɽϹȻϺ̽һ㣬ɣôѹŻæӦս첻ͬǣһǷϻʱ䣬һ˶ȥʱû׼ɽ˲أڽڰˡ
ʱХﱼɱԶԶñϺ϶ģһٴǰѵҪô
˲ǽƴ˭ˣȴƺɽͷȻҲֲǴ𻰣һĿˣ¶һ̵Ц


ʮ Ծ
˴𻰣ƴʱˣطһǰ棬ŭĿɽưˣͷڹˣΪںӵһô
Ȼȴɲ𻰣ֻۿһ
ƴʱһ㶣ٿһ֮ʱŷ˾ȻվһȺͷĿǰƺ˶ǹһ㡣
ͷƲƲԼܶһˣдźµһȺˣȻתͷЦԭǺڻû뵽һת۾˺ڻôһ̨ѵΪڻǺܳɹôĳʲô뻢ıƤˡ
ýƴһ˵һ΢΢һЦڿڵλ˳ƶĽƴͷĿɣ
ƴһٷϻǺڻĸǸӣɧǵͷɽԣѵû˵ҽƴô
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Գ󻼣ôĿԣ˵ʲôΨһ鸽ѵկͲľﶼ鸽ڻˣ㣬㻹ɽÿڵ
һ΢΢ͷڱѭ֮£λѾ˳ˣǺڻɽľһ
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һ仰ƴͷŭһСӣıӵҽձͷζҵɽ˵Žƴͦɱ
һ˿⣬˻֣¼սţԼϣһӣӦֻһ죬ҳһֶ
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СΪʲô־ҵֿկһϡ
Уƴٴ˴˺ʮĿıǽһһϡ
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㣬гһʱ䣬һϢ೤͵ó־սһȴѰһ϶Цû뵽ͷĿȻһͷڹֻ꣬סˣ֪ЩǷܱȫ
ԣƴսƵ£ڻһ߸и֣ɽһǽڽڰˣޡսһǣһͷոһ۷ĸ֡
ƴͷڼˣɽ˵ĻҵȴָҪ壬Ǿʹ˶ʧܵĳͷ
뵽ƴ͵ƴһǣɣһһŻƵĵķֽС


ʮ նƴ
ŽƴеŷֽһֻЩ죬ƺҹԳҶСŮǵЩƣʱĵһ˿裬תھӿ˫ȣʱñҪ
ȴ˵ǽƴץŷԳһ˿ͷԶԶһһЦСӣȻҪҶͲҪĺˡ
˵ţƴдʣץһһ㣬ƾŻڵһ㳯һҹ
ȹ֮£һͷԾǽ²ңһݣܿŻ档û·ɣһȴǸһһߡ
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һüͷһ壬æ󺰵СĽƴͷйŹ֣
һУͷĿǿǻûȫϨĻ棬ԼĽƴ
ЩǼ鲻Ƕñ֮ﻹܻڣһԶԶ뿪սţܿƴķ
ƴ״ȴҲ׷ϾӿҲͷĿֽϵĻȴܷܿأһȼտ»˼֮ˡ
˺ڻһĵطƴһЦͬд֮ץֽ㵱һʮŻ浱ս£Ⱥ֮С˲һҽдЩմȾ˻˱յ񱼣Ȼ죬һմȾѲˡܲϴݣʮаմȾϣһҽ
Щ֮кڻӣҲյԶկͲľ֮ˣɽܡֻһС룬㲻̫ࡣҶƴԣֻҪסɽҵһ㲻ʲôֻҪҪʲôʱټġ
һüͷ壬Ȼȴ˲µûһܹܣһȥ´˴Լͱɹ˾ˡ
УȥԲУãƴˣͿҵֶθǿɱﵸˣ
뵽˴һ˫һУִץһѶһ㳯ƴ׷ȥ
ʱڻӻŻĽƴһĿǰĳͷֽı֮ȽʱǲóġȻ˳Ҳ˷ѣŤתսһǲҲֻжˡ
ȴ˵ʱɽկǽϳһɫӰϸȥǶʧҶС˭ˡ
ҶС㱾ҲǺҪȻͮȴİ£ܲίȥ֮ȴҲȥǱɽٴѲ顣Ѳûнôһö
ڽƴôֽʱҶС㾪һȻϵֽġȴûһҪֵ˼ϾҲϳһҹС˭ˡ
Ȼ֪һΪθկͲľһ𣬵ϷЩ˱յĲҽеʱҶС˾úÿ⣬ȴûʲôо
һ彪ƴʱҶСɻСҪʲôѵҪѰɣ
ֹҶС룬ǽƴһʱҲ룬СҲãһɱ˾ֱ㶨ˣƾһҲ㹻Ťתȫˡ
뵽˴ƴ¶Цݣڲ׷ЩСӭһ˹
һɫһݣֽɽ䣬˫һһ֣϶ǽʲô
ߣСϷƴЦһֶѰȷʵ㲻̫вټͷֽ͸˿塣
˾ʮɵʱ򣬱һˣҿȺɢѽĶ
գƴһŻ漸
ȻǽӲ˲Ϣǽɫ׷׻ˮȴ˿ĳһԹȥյǱ㿪
ڽƴҪЦһʱ򣬺ȻȴǺ˵Ĵӻ©֮д˹һָüģһָųƴ
ƴͷһƫüһ⣬һһתŵһö⡣
ԴˣһųĽⰵ¡ͷ˿ǰȴһö룬ƴһЦֶΣ㻹ܡ
ֻû˵ƴԺһɼ紵ͷһﻹùȥͷתһ룬һ̫Ѩ֮УֱֱĲ΢΢
ƴͫһһĲţſڻܣ
һһѳŻ䣬ٶŻ棬ƴ˹ȥڽƴǰааһЦûʲôܵģ㰵Ҵѹ˰꣬첻Ϣˣ
ңƴʲôõʮ
һЦҲ֪ˣĿ˰ɣ˵ţһһĨһһŴͷ


ʮ Ҷ仯
һ䣬ƴɥ֡ͷ𣬹ԶһǻѪӿϡһִӽƴʬץǵƷ·棬һŽƴߵɽ׽ƴڴˣͶɱ翹ɱ⡣
һս֮˶һ˲Ծһ˲𺳡ǰǽƴֽͬһ㣬֮һлΪҽһǽ밵ȴûм˿ֻ֪ƴͻأıɱˡ
֮ǿΪ𣬽ƴǿѹկͷĿһڶͷĿﻹܴսȻһͶɱ˾н˭Ըūءʱսɽһһɢڶܳ˷Ӷȥ
һһЦõ׷ɱɽܡͣ
һʤʹƴʢһɢ˸˷ܣ׷ɱͽͣĸ׷׽ŻﳯЩ׷ɱȥ
һҲ׼ȥɱˣʮ˸Լɽկȥɽܶڻ꣬ȻղأһȻ
ҪǣϺ˵ɽصİɽܡһӦ˴ҲΪ˱ҳ𡣽һȴҲҷɣȻҪһҰ
ȴ˵ҶСկǽϣĿ˷ŵһĻü΢ȻѵΪ˷԰ĻԸƴӦúܼ򵥰ôҪ鷳
ҶС벻ͨԵɣҲ֪˵ز˾һЦ˳կǽȥʧɽ֮С
ϺȻһߣԸЩͬʱѰŰڡ
ΪͽϺ֯ʮ˽⣬һʱǴͷĿסһҵ˰ڡ
˽밵֮У澹Ȼһң֮и鼮żǽǶѷŵʮ˽ƱһЩϻ滹ƱϷŸ棬һЩƷϼѵıС
үǰܻˣ˵ذԱ࣬ĵĿҲǽƴˣֻƺڴڵʲôҾͲ֪ˡҲЩżᵽǿûȥ
һ˵ͷʹ뿪ʱ򣬺Ȼͷһתͷǽǰڷŵһͨƿ
үѵʲôô
һһЦȻǰң治ǻܱǱͨͨĴƿߣ㲻ô
Ϻ鱾ͷḻڴ˽ӴͷЩûע⵽ϸڣһһ㣬ŷгĵط
һҲϺûŪԻǴƿߵԽԽôƿ򵥣θ򵥣ȴ˵
ƿǰӽƿץһɺ͸룬ñǱѩҲеһһ
ף⵽ʲôȻĺ⣡
һȻͷϵĸԼȶСΪԼڤڤ֮Ŀо̲סַ˸ϡ
žһӱһʱһָͷƿ֮дܳһ
үϺʱֻһ˲䱻ƿ֮гĺһҪȥһ˲һ֮䣬һ˿˿˲͸֮СþȫھҪȴʮֻ
Ϻٲ֪ԼǸǰһȻ˲䶳ɱ硣Ҳľʹ˿һһ⺮һץԱߵıҪͻơ
ЩȻƷֵܵסХûԽһ߱㱻ɱˣ˳űгϺ˹ȥ
һΣϺڿס֮еĺһˤڵأ˪
Ϻոˤãһĺ֮ͻȻһļХһ΢ĽһŲλ㣬㣬һƬаƴСһƺ˳
һ˿֮֮л죬ʱһϺᣬ˷ְˡ
𲻾ãǺ֮еҽԽӸ߿ﵽߵʱȴ΢ҽ֮дһ˿󳪵ζ
仯ûоʹ˽ȾһɫȻһؿǱҶɫâǱҶġ
ڱҶ֮£ЩͬϷһƬ֮ǱҶһƵֳ֡ͣڶ𣬶ʱ糤ˮһû֮С
һֳ̣ΪҵĹԴֱܿرҶ֮СҶҲ䵽һϡɢȥҲʧˣһлָƽ
һƤһ


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һֻصѹʲôȥ֮ʱȴǱҶԼϡ
ô£
ɻʱ򣬺ȻеһȻ֮ӿ˹ǰνɽÿڵĸǿҲӾƺնɱǧ˲ӵЧ
һü㣬֮У֮ͻ֮£ɷΪɣСһԼĪһɣ뵤һֻõﴫһ󱥺͸Уƺһ㡣
һֳʮɣһֱͷ֪ЩҪȥüӡѨǿնġ
ͷʱ򣬹ȻǹüӡѨһεĳ֮˲һͷѣԺ֮
Ժ֮еѣһǶЩԺֹʲôģ˫ۻƺԻʧȥǣҪΪһ㡣
ʱҶٴη仯һ˲СǲƵ֡ӡ͵ӡһüġһ˫˲ָ
ŵôˣ
һֹţܿ㷢Լı仯üǽĲųһԶ֮⣬ƺԶʱһ㡣
֮ʱȻеüӡѨһ޵󳪸Ե翡ģ֮ɢֵһɫ
˲䣬ǲ鳲һһͷһü֮Уʧһܹĸоü˱仯ɫ⣬һ룬ǲˡ
һμ̵ѶϢԺ֮С
̨ʲô˼ΪʲôôණһԺ֮еѶϢɻ
ѶϢƺڶʲôнܣܵĺʲô硣ν̨еһ磬ĵһ㡣ɲɵǣһԼƺνһĵһ档
ʲôôôЩеĻ
һʮֲ⣬˰ȴһá̧һУǱҶСɽÿ֮õֶΡǾܹĿһĶȴ̫󡣻Ȳ
ܿͷ÷ǱǰܹеİǽޱȿֲĴڡһ飬ֽవ鶯Сɲ׷֣ʶ˽밵ЯԸƴʱһҳҲΪ̡ʹƴҲš
˿ƱҶȴо֮ǰͬ˵֮ǰ˵ܹƣЩɬĻʱˡ
ͷһתһһԵıֻǳವķһƣɹͣǰ֮ǰûģıҪʵǱȽΪѵġ
оԼһͷһϲæתǳŸֱ仯һתһ䣬һʱ֮ʮֳ졣
һվѹסͷĺģϿһˤϺæͣ
Ϻߣһ֮һתϺڵĺɢ֮ϺȻתѡ
һõվǰϺʹ֮Ϻųһ
Ϻ߰ɣ˵ز˾ЩĶߣľͽÿڵĵʰˡϺԵ˵ͷż鼮ߣһҡ
ѹһ飬ɽÿڵĵӶⷽȴԽԽ˳̶̵֣һʱ㽫öҳָ֮Ǹǻ꣬ӵ롣
һ̰ۣϾˮ㣬ϺΪ㣬ȷʵһ˦ƹģЩĹ۲죬ԼŵϺȫˡ
գصسǣĸƽ֮һԼԺٲ
Լı仯Ҫһʱʲôģ³ԿĻԼ
գһϤüӡѨ֮ǳɫĿռ䣬Ҳ֮гԣ˷ܵĳ֮⣬ǵ֮ﵽͣ͵ֱӽܹȳھţʮɱ˵Ķ֣ھԶ뾹Ȼܴﵽʮɡ
Ҳ˵ƾһͱѰֻҪǿһˡ
Ѹٵʵʮʱ򣬺ȻϺһϢȴǺڻܲˣ֮˲ǱˣнʵҶӻ
ԣ˶Ǻڻ֮еһλ൱ʵԣһںڻ֮бֳľǿҶӻҶӻʸһ³Ա˽ʶһȻӭˡ
ɽÿڴǰһԶԶĿԭʮﱼΪ׵ĲҶӻ˭ˡ
ҶԶľĳʧԶӭˣ


ʮ 
ҶӻԶԶ㹰Цľֿˣֵҿɲҵ
һȥΪĬһЦ
֮ǰڿ֮жҶչˣҶԶǿͣȻҲҪһ֮꣬ҽȥ˱һǸҶּϴˡ
ҶӻЦĸһߣһ֮ͤУһϯö˷ҡһƱȰ̸֮ҶӻžŨЦ֮ǰľֱֵ֪û뵽ɽÿڶ̶̼£Ȼһɽټĵֱ̣˾̾Ѱ
һһڣ΢΢һЦҶֹˣСܲ˳ˮۣ˳ƶаˣǻƴĻƴͶͶҵ˱˰ˡ
ҶӻԹһЦҡͷľ˵Цˣ˵ʱӢۣҲҪӢ۲ܳɾΰҵǣľ㲻ϣҲɲˣľȻѾ£ɼķǳҲ
һ޶һԲֵһᣬȴҲһһЦ˼
Ҷӻһ𻰣˼ת˴ǰģȴǲҾʹһתЦľΰҵȵڻｨ֮ѷֻһ֮δţ֪ľֿߴ֮Ⱑ
һͷЦڻʱˣ˹ϵϺõҶӻеζܹƷֵģ仰Ƕ˴롣ҶӻʻҲܲ𣬹ƺЦҶʵĺãߴˮʹǸ룬
ҶӻΪϷæʵʲô
һٺһЦȴǻû˵Ϻһ˹λ˴νɽһѼÿ֮еֵ䳡ϵȴأ
һԶʱȫޣüͷһǵô
Ϻ˹֣ǶأȻƳˣ
һתͷ˿ҶӻȴҶӻЦľ֣ȻǶţǾ͸ϽȥɣҲ뿴Ҷÿڸ÷ˮ𣬵ʲô̶ˡ
һ˵ͷ˷ǰ䳡ȥ
䳡ϣֻúѹѹһƬڻﱾˣ̲ɽÿ¼ˣկͲľӽǧˣȻطҪפأ˴䳡ҲռǧˣѹѹĿʮ׳ۡ
һ֣ڵӷ׷װݵǧһɶʱһ㣬ҶӻͻȻ֮Ҳͷ΢
üһľ֣ôӣֱȵϱĴÿһˡҶӻ
һ˵ͷҲ𻰣ϵ̨ϷһĵĽ˺ƵĲϸߺꡣ
һĽڶӸǻϲЦ
һ֮һ˸̨ҶӻҶΪΣ
Ҷӻ˵ãһصһĵĹЦƺһͬһһ㡣
صһǽյͷĿܸҶӻԭɽÿڵλ˫ܱ꣬ƣͥɽεˡ
ҶӻҲһȤˣ̶ʱЩͷĿˣԽʶͷԽǾȣЩ˴඼ǶߣҸкöǶ֮еĸ֣ƺɽǽӽ۷ĴڡһȺǷŵһСÿҲǸģĴÿڵĸˡ
ò֮£ҶӻǵõһԾϢһȻһߣǵǲ²Ķ۷塣õϢҶӻֻȻʣһһЩҲˡҲЩȻ²û֤ʵһˣ¶ڴеɹϣãˡ
ҹһÿͷĿԼҶӻϯ֮ϱʱҶӻžһߣЦľ֣˵ʵ治˼
һǺһЦҶ֣ȶ˰ɣͻȻ˵ֻ
ҶӻҡͷҲҲҿ˵ˣľ㾹Ȼһ֣ڿǵʱûиֵҰ
һһЦѽȷʵСܵĴҶҲ֪Եһ֡ȻҶֹǴ¾СܵĴˣСȸΪ˵һѾƹȥ
һϣҶӻڴ¸˴룬ȻЦⲻͷȴֱģҪˡ
˺ȰƺҶӻĽ֮У֮󣬸Իؼңһչ˲ҲҶӻͻؿͷ֮ȥˡ
ڶգһھϴЩʱȻνϺ˵һ˵ͷˡʱҶӻ˽
ŶҶΪˣβϢһ󣿡
Ҷӻҡҡͷ˴ǰҶĳδɣҺ߰һҹ˼֮Ҷӻھ˵


ʮ Ҷҳ
һ֪ĻҪȴûӱܵһ˿ЦҶ˵ǣ֪ܲľĳʲôϢֻϣҪľĳΪѲǡ
Ҷӻ⻰ͷɵôҲǾ֮ȻԲģ˿֮ˣҶ֣ʱҶ֪ĺá
һ˵ͷңֻϺϺҵļˣûʲôҪܿġ
ҶӻҲǿ󣬿ڵʱ䣬ľֵ㽫һɽССÿڸ÷ˮȻŪȹģһÿڶСֺλʮֻϲ˳չصİո߲һ¾ľֵǨĽ
Ǩһһ֪Ҫʲôְλѵҵĸÿȥƹ
ҶӻһЦľ˵Цˣÿγɱƣȥ˶һλãоܲελľôθνǰ;Ϊڴ˹ϲˣ
һüͷһֻǲ֪⸱ƹܰʲô
Ϊȴǲ֪ˣֻ˵ľֵصٰܲŰɣҶӻΪѵ
һһЦֱҶӻȴ˵ϺڵҶܲҼҹȴǺ£ﲻ֣аҼҹӹ͵ɰɣѵҼҹӻص֮ܲʲôܣһɢ˻һĺء
⻰Ҷӻüͷһ壬ľ֣ϣҲ㣬Ҳ׼ľֵһͼأ
һЦľ֣ǲҪˣǸ֮˵˵ʲôԽңãʲôãѵὫλôһˣߺߣľһȻᣬҲƭġ
˵һ糤һӱǿ֮Եÿˡ
һ֣Ҷӻβ֪磬ľ磬Žһһֵȷͷп࣬Ȱ˵һȥȴһŲ֪ĴȴҲ³˼ζһϺ²Ҳʮеġ
ҶӻԾʱ򣬺Ȼ洫֮һӻŻŵ˴ÿˣ
һһͷϵӣϢʲô˴ˣ
ǵæ˵һŮӣԳʲôҶС㡣
ҶС㡣һһͷ΢΢һЦŮȴûжеģֻҶӻڴˣϷȻҪȫˣȵһŮӶסûãһѵӪһ¡
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ľһȥˣСҶÿڣһҶС˭ˡ
ֻһҶСɴһװƿĵӱ˾һָıСңԭ
һ˵ͷȴգϾǰŮһͣȴһ̬Ҳŭ
ԭҶСˣʧԶӭС޹ֲǡ
һ̬ŵͣҶСһʱҲҲڷѣֻһΪΪ߾˲𣬱Сǰȴġ
һԵ˵ͷȻˣҶС˵ǣľĳϴ
ҶС׼˵ʱȴҶӻǰҶСȥҶΧҶӻݼС㣡
⻰ڳ˶һ㶣ҶСİ˰ֵŶȻûиҶӦþҼҵΧˣֻ㵽ʲôѵ˸۸ˣҪ𣿡
ҶС˵ġˡȻָһҶӻ˵ҡͷСˣС˲ľľˣȻСлҪ˵СҵСȥ˵ݣ㳯ȥ
һ״ЩԾȻվ֮ɽ֮һܵĴڣƺǸҶС㻹̵Ĺϵ˿ҶӻҲȻǴйϵˣֻǿһˣһ˰ˡ
ҶСҲҶӻȥҽһһף죬治֪үүΪʲôôͨ
һȴװ֪Ц֪ҶСǰк£
ҶСһҲڳûˣٴָһ㣬㣬߲ͮûԹ
һ£Ȼ֪ΪʲôҶС㵱ʱ϶ɽģ˵ҲǰԼȻһǸЦǴ£ľĳڴСǸС㻹⣬ҶĳɽҲǸ
ҶСԲмƲƲ죬ҽŲĵأ


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ҶСٴνһһɻ治֪ʲô
һεʼ磬Ȼ֪λСָأ
ҶСƺȷһ֪̾һ治֪׻ǼףᣬװͨˣѵǴ˵еɢޣ
ɢޣһӲˣҡͷС˵ʲôˡĲ֪
ҶСһˣˣ֪Ҳã֪ҲգܻܽƴĻСǰ֪ͨһҼǵãʮ֮Ҷһˡ
Ҷң²֪Ҷȥ
ҶС㲻ͷ˵㲻֪֪Ҫ㣬ҲǲˡղǸΧӵӦҵõģȻҲûʸȥǸҲǿԵģ˵ǱС˵ľˡ
һȻĵ˵ͷҶСһŤͷߣȫ˵ʲô֮أ·ԼҺ԰һ㡣
һһЦҶǴ˵֮вɵĴڣԼȻһСҲֻ˼ҵĺ԰ˡ
ҶңɵĴڣ˼ȻˣȥҲˣ
ʱȻʮ֮һȴǲἱһʱģ΢΢һЦﾡϺ֮תԼԺȥˡ
Լ֮УһͷһһųԲʮ֮ɨһܣȷʵˣͣüӡѨ仯֮ٴһܹ֮ɨʮ֮ڣҲ֮ǰǰһʹþ
ӡѨĿնһһѶϢ̨֪֮Ƿ˵ķ֮ס֮أһ⿴νԼʶĴڡ
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Щ仯һȻ֪ǱҶģ鿴仯ǺõģԼаһġõ֤
ҶСᵽ飬ҿƶˣǻӦþˡ
˵һͳǵԽƴֽⶫ֮Ҳ෬鿴ȴҲûŪԵ뵽սƴʲôʩչƴһҲ޴ʻ
źöȴ޷ʹõĸоǲðһ⣬ȻͷһЩȻô˲٣ͻȻһǻ۵ĻȴҲټġ
ץһüͷһ壬˫Ŀһգͷȫעü֮УƬ֮󣬱һ˿ɫü˳ƮƮǻȥ
һʱ䣬ǽɫֽϡ˲䣬ֵˡһǳǳĻӻƺڵֵŽɫͬʱһҲоüһ鴤ʹ
һ˿֮ĵƺܵĿŻ˵ŻĳֶûǿõĪĶ
һһ̨֮еһȣ͵ӿŽɫ㽫ǷֽסǻҲ赲ֺ
ڴʱ仯һ˿ը֮ӻⱬը֮ˡеüĵʹһ˼֣ԽԽоʱ˳˿˳Ǳը֮ͻʤ׷սԼͬը顣
ٶҲһҶҽˣ
һͷһɺݾ𣬹ĵеը֮˶ȥһʱ֮ڣһپ֮ͬһԵޱȵ
ԵԵһƴȫҲǱը֮һƽ֣һҲԶҪﵽ޵ʱ򣬺ȻҶ֮һ͵ĳüġ
ͬһᣬȴǴأһ֮бʹͬһ㣬ͻ͵һ
ö﷫һȻŹᣬǿ֮һߣͻһ㳯ֽͱը̹֮ȥ
һ㣬㣬㣬ʱڱҶ֮Ĺע֮£һûһƣԽӵľڡۻϵĻ챬ը֮ȴǱĥֻñը֮ıԵһ챻ĥ׷ɢû֮У˳һüġ
ʲô
һüĵǹͬҲͬ˿Ⱥͱը֮·ҩͰһʱᱬը
ûȵһģ̨֮زǲͻȻ֡һָ̩ɽѹһ㳯ȵѹȥ


ʮ ӷ
ֵѹԲֵܹ֮ģ˵û˿ֵһ˿֮㱻һСС֣ͮͮƣȻϵķƣֻһ㣬ֲ˴飬̨֮еĲһܰˡ
˲䣬һоǻϿЩȵıը֮ˣ׷ﻯ֮֮У̨֮УεֵĿ֮УǲƵ
ʮûһȵĸоը֮Ҳȫһˡһع̨
һ˿ع̨ʱǸո̨֮ȫ΢΢ų˿˿֮ЩǰȴǲͬȻ¶һ㣬һȴûһ˺˼
תһȦ֮ظ̨һֻЩģͷȥ֮ûһɫĶ·ַ֬·ҳŶ
һȻ뵽Щ˵֮е˹Ƿõҩһģ̾Щѵڵʣ֮ȻΪҴ壡
Ȼһ֪֮ıʣⷬ²⵹ǲʮ֮˾š
һ֣ǻڵءһһŻУȴǳԾķֻûһĵĺۼ˼һת̨֮УֻǺͮͮŲ̛һ棬ķ֮⡣
ô࣬һҲǼֲˣԲ²ֶȻйأһ㣬Լˡ
󵨵ļ裬һһ˿ֻ֣ãûһ˿֮УʱֻͷһŻŻĿ֮£ܹߡ
ָоһȻŹĻᣬһۿǽͷһȻصһһȭͷСĻ˵ϡȣȻ뵱սƴͷʩչһ޶ֻǸͷСЩˡ
ǻŵȻڻ̳ӡЧһͷϲܹоŻĿ֮£ֻҪͷһȥõĻŻ֡һȥ֮ԭʣһ
Щһûһ㾪ƺ͸һ㣬ûһİζһѶϢٴͻأĴԺ
Ƭ֮һ̾ԭͨӷģҾʩչͨĵĻ̨֮еֻҪҾƵʹãüһҶһս˰ɣ
ô࣬һȴֻڽ֮Уǿľǿߴڣʶÿÿ˺ôʵǿԾĸǿ߱Ƚϡ֪ǣʵǾ綼վǿ֮ϡ绹̤ĵһˡ
һһϰߣÿÿһµļܣֻҪãǧֹúʹüĥ͸ѵʱռһСı
̨֮һԼԽÿʱÿ̶Ϊǻ۵Ķʶ˼÷ǵӦ֡
һ֮һ֮⣬ӵСۡ
ԶԣۡǸ͡ǹֶΡڱҶһź̨֮õһͲ˵ˣͷҲܱʹץɡ
ڡǽƴͷĻֻ࣬Ҫ֮ڶֳ
һһԺ֮УһȭͷСĻ׳ϡ˾ˣ̨һ˿֮
Ȼ֮ڻҲõģֻǻ͵ıһķȥžһһʯͷϣʯͷڻ֮žžֱ죬м
ȻУһ¶һЦݣٴν֮С

֮һҶӻĿͷÿţҶӻ˼ʲô
һǰҶӻæǰֵľ֣ˡ
һ˵ͷҶʲôأѵȰȥǸ
ҶӻڨڨһЦʮ֮ǰҲֻ뷨ˣҶС֮ȴǲ֪ΰˡ
һ΢΢һЦҶСҶֿɱСضˡ
Ҷӻ֪ǵЦȴЦ̾һľõͼİɣȥɣһҪˣҶҵĵַǲ֪ġ
һֽ̧˹չһȻԭط


ʮ Ҷׯ
ɽϽһɽɽȻʮָߴ󣬵ɽʢʯʶȫ֪ʲôʱʼɽٲڿɣֻǻķˡ
ʱһɽϣ·ɽ꣬¶һֵЦݣУҶҵӱȴҪȻôһӵĵط֪ʲôֶν˶ˡ
ԭһӦʮ֮Լ˴Ҷǰɽ֮УҶӻָ㣬ǲ뵽طġ
ɽҲǶͣһһʵҲ̨ѧȶ֣ΪΪѡһԾɽ档
ɽ濴ɲ⣬ȴòθֻŨŨ赲ߣһҲ֮
˿ģͷһۡʮ֮ڶڼ޵ʮɶԣʮɵľĺͻָƽľ룬ҲνѾ롣
˵ʮ֮ڱľһΣƺʲôһ㡣һһҲõ֮еһ˿
һأѹҶһڴˣֵطٲҲһľɣ
һ֮̾䣬ǰʮɴͻȻһɫӰҶС˭ˡ
һ΢΢һЦҶСƺΪԼ£סԼ˹
ҶСģһҲͯĴҪСС׽Ūһ£ҲäĿĳǰȥ
ҶСһ߹¶һ˿΢Ц֮һڵϣһעȥȻеĺˡ
һ׳Կߵǰʱ򣬺ȻͣװģҹҶС״ҧгݣżѡ
ڴʱһ¶ˣǰһߣֱҶС㴦ȥ
ν͵ʴףҶС뵽һὫⶫ߹һ㿪
һǺһЦҶСɣľĳǰҲǿͣȴȶдɲǴ֮
ҶСԴŭʱλ֪һŨ֮пһŭָһ㣡
һǺһЦҲָԼң£
ҶС֪ԼҲ֪˵ʲô˶ţ㳯汼ȥ
һæȥҶСɵô·ǡ
ҶСҲһسǰȥҺõһûܳʮȥһǰһʮǰһСϪǰһſϪСϪǱһׯ԰֮иԵƮġ
ȴ˵һٹ۲ׯ԰ʱҶСȴתͷĿһһۣΪ㶮÷Ҫ֪С
һ䣬ҶСһƣһƽϪ֮оȻһˮƶ
һͷ΢ֶʩչġֱһģһֻͬһǻһˮˡ
עˣСˮҶСһ˫һӣֱָһˮǵҲһ˹
һͷĬصıһŻǰˮȥ
ףҶС΢΢ԾƬ̱ƽΣСˮ𣡡
˵ˮݣһʹĻҶСˮ͵ײһ𣬷Ƭ֮ͬʱԭأͬûгֹһ㡣
ҶСв˶ţٴˮһһҲͷ׼ҲҶСʲôˮƺûԼʩչͨļ򵥿ݡ
ڴʱҶСոһˮһϵׯ԰֮дѣˣ
Ȼ˵ҶС㣬仰ƺҪٶ֡仰ҶСҶͨ죬һ˶ţ㲻棬ߣ˭ϡ˵㳯ׯ԰ȥ
龰һЩΣҶܵȴǲ֪ôˡʱǲϵٴδСѣֻΪ˶һǷұˣȻСұˣǻһɣ
һԲЩˣʲôСұˡҲ֪ȻЩйصľˡ
ׯ԰˹֣һȻǰԵǰ˵űųׯ԰ȥ
ׯ԰棬һЩνý԰֮䣬һһϹһҲһһΪܿЩ˸ָ֣ĶǶߡɵ뵽Ͷ֮УһޱȿֲĴڡ


ʮһ Ҷ
Щ˵ʵһ̾ΪʲôҪ˵ҶǲɵĴˡ
һŴ·˲ñһԺԼǰǰдšҶ֡˿ǴеĿĵҶˡ
ҶǰվͯͯӣһǰæӭһݵǰȺأǰҵǰȥ
ǰһֹⱲܶƺйɵӣӣүֵܣûбйǰһεǰĸоǲġ
룬һ˵ͷһлͯӳȥ
ҶլԺ㲻ú˼Ժ䣬ǰһǰָָǷ䣬ͯӵǰڵĴڣǰǰ˵һˣ˱㳯ȥ
״һ֪ȥҲǲˣοΪҶңȥʶʶνԼҲԸȥġ
ͷʮ־񣬸ǽ̨֮еͨӷ֮У׼ʱʩţϾҶҵǳ֪ȻҪ׼
뷿֮У֮϶һ׷ߡһҲһƬ֮΢΢һЦСѲصģϷǰûж⣬ֻҵ֮ͬ˽һˡ
ͷȻҶˣһûһɱ⣬ŷֽģ˹ֿڵСӼǰ֪ǰνͬ˽ʲô˼
ҶһСѵӦɢˣѵСû·ô
һɻˣҡͷˡС֪СңȻҵ䣬ϰǼҴѧ˵·ӦǼг˰ɣɢǺε˼С֪ˡ
ҶƬ̣Ȼĵ˵ͷٿһ֮ʱȴҲһˣЦŨŨĿһԭСţ޳죬޳ɷϷ
ʲôģһȻָ֪쾳磬һȴԾѡνǴ˵֮иȥ˲ʹõֶΣתһ룬Լڷ֮ô
뵽һͷĿϲͬʱ֣һǶôǿĴڣԼΪˣǻָ岻ʮּ򵥵ô
һĥԣǼ֮ܿסͷϲϹϾĶҶС֪ǰָ̣
Ҷ濴һӿɽ֮⣬ǺһЦȻСţû·ǰһ²֪ϤϷϸΪСһǿҲ·ˡ
һһݣлǰָ㡣
Ҷָһһ£ſڵʱȴҪ뷲˵ˣԪҲԪӣڸ˶ԣȴ̶ʮ꣬ȻĲȴԶǼȻǿ֮ģ֮ǿΪߴڣҵȻ֮ΪɡԪ룬ͬǰйˣ֮˵
Ҷʱǿ֮˵һţҲ˶ɵ⡣ƽŲ⽲һˣһŵˡ
ҶܹԼŮ൱Ϊʵȴ츳ˣύ֮ģȻЩ뷨ˡ
ʱĳȶһܳʱ䣬˵һȴʮֶݣݵҲһһͻȥʱһȴǷͬһ㣬ǸıһƵʱ
ûʱʵǿ٣ȴҲֻ̩ܿڣССһ֮УѲСʱһֳսɻǰչջЮɽʵİ顣
һһʤͳɹЩĻһһʵͷԺ֮С
ɣԭɣԭˣԭҿԳΪˣԭͬͬԡŮӾߡҶҶߡҲԳΪߡ
һ㶵ԭأҶ΢΢һЦ֪һȻŵ˵֪ЩǶô𺳣Ҫ֪ҶҵҲͶɼɣŽҶˡ
Ըźͯʱעһ֮Ҷ泯ȥʱһɫӰ֣Ҷѡ
үүûʰǸСӰҶĳҶĺ
ҶƺҲСŮû취ҡҡͷתһѰڻھˣڻ˿ɾˣǰǰʹʩˡ
ҶѱҶ˵һüͷ㳯һȥˡ


ʮ Ӫ
ȴ˵һʱڽµõĶ˸ףعǰһˣźͯӵڰ᷿ǰס£ǰҵǰȥ
һԵ˵ͷҶ˵Ȼ½룬ж֮ȴǽҲҶԼûж⣬֪ԼűҶ֮֮ǰᶯ⡣
᷿֮Уһǲȡ˴̱ϣ˼֮ǰĲǸ𣬹壬֮ҲиӴļƻҲѲ˷׵ʡһԶ·ǰȴǸһȫͬѡ
ɰһģʲôҺޣǰȴԵôСѪ׶ȴǲģսԹˣ޹Ұʽ̤ɰɣ
һͷĿ궨ȻɵջޱȵĴ󣬵ҳҲǲģϾǿͷĶ
ȶĿ꣬һоͷһɣȻǰҶܵʱƺ޵ǵ֮еһöصķŽܹʩչ
Ҳ˵ΪԴΪĽʩչͨĽӦþνĵˣǻһĶǷһɻˣƺԼų̈ͲҶἰɵķΧ֮ڣתһ룬Ҷ潲ɵʱԸɽ̸ֹۣ˿кܶණ֪Ҳˡ
һڣɫҲڣͯϷҲֻҶ氲һϢټ
һҹ޻һƽһȹһҹȻ͵࣬Բ֮ҹñҶһҹֵյˡ
Եÿ͸ɾܶ࣬ƺ֮ƮʲôĶӦþҶ˵˰ɣҶܹҵôһطɼˡ
һ̾ţҶܵʱҲûǽɽɸɽһΪӪ
νӪǰɵĹĿֶ˵ġһ·ΪɣħԼޡ
ħǹĲͬһΪͳĥһΪħӶǿһ˵óƾһżʩչޱǿħǿǣóޱǿ۰¡
ڵֵޣָķߣ츳ͨħ֮޳֮ͳޡ
νȴǰոͳֻǿٵɣƿǿĵԴɽ綥Ĵڣɼ壬ԼʽɣһĵԴɣʵȴԶѷҲ࣬ʵľɢޣɢ֮ʵǿȡǿ߿ɱȼ磬߱ȷǿӵеһжʵйء
ԱӪһԼӪɢޡҶӪɼ塣ȻҶ沢ûԼʵΣһһҶֻһţ˿Ӧ㲻ǿˡȻԼҶҲһˡ
һпʱ̺ͯǰ룬ҶҪһԲŲæĸͯռǸ֮С
ʱŵĳҶ⣬ҶСҶѡ
һ뷿УֵСһҶǰ
һҶһ㶣ǺһЦСӣȻҲ򵥣ҲԼͿǵżˡ
СӼŲңȺòǰ֡һһԼС¶ɶԲʲôܣھ¸֪Ȼ꾡֮ȴǲΪ˵Ҳ
ҶҲ׷ٵףǺһЦѪҵɿҲ㲻ʲôʵӦܹġϷһˮ֪к뷨
һ΢΢һЦҪлǰ֮ԣһඥСѹСԶڹⱲһСɾͰˡ
ƨĵĲɽ¶ˮϳɾҶûֻһ˵ĿУϵУǺһЦͨ˱ãȥδϷҲӸ棬ҵ߾͵üֱ°ˡĲ٣ʲôء
һĸ棬һл
Ҷ˵ͷָָҶѵϷŮҶѣСҲʶˣΪСѻһѱպСѶչأ
Ҷԣһдš֣תͷһһۣ˵˭Ҫܡ


ʮ 
һ״һЦҶС飬ȴǿɰ֮պõ֮Ȼ岻ݴǡ
һȻ˵ԼɰҶѺȻɫһ죬ЩҶһ磬˶η壬ЩҶҽҲϹϾû˸ҵҪ˵ཻõĵկͮȻȻǺҲõҶСˡ
ûһֱѹƵ꾹Ȼһ˵ԼɰҶͷȻһȻͬСŮһЩɬ
һȻþ£ƺܶůΨŮ֮鲢óϽӴĴǽˣСڡǵռ֣ͮʶҲ֪Լѿڶġ佱ʲô֮
ҶôһŮȻЩɻ󣬲ȴҶǺһЦȻСѴӦˣϷҲСѡҿСһȻϡûʹùʯɣ
һҡҡͷʯҲҶĽܹġȻһлҪɵĻ˵յ֮ģоһֳ֮
߲ĿܡĻó˴֮伳ȡһֿ;ǱǴӸָĶȡ൱࣬һֱʯһʯȴʯͷ߿ȡʯ֮еһ˵ٶȻࡣ
Ȼϡ̶ҲйϵҶڵɽ֪꣬ȻɻǺ첼ãۼŨûʯ£ҲҪࡣ
Ҫ˵Ӧôһʮ˵𣬲ҼҵûҲԵõʯοˡ
Ҷ˵ͷּͳͮͮʯ׸һˣʯ͵ϷСѵˣȻ㲻ʲôվСڿ·ߵĿһЩ
һҲһлƬ̱Сʯܹ֮ĸоһ˿ȵĸо
һ£ҶǺһЦٴοڵСѵӦǻеİɣ
Уһһ㶣Լ̨֮еһöͨӷģ֪ҶˣҲͣϾ̨뱴Ҷˡ˵ͷ
ҶĸȤĵ˵С㵱ǽСӶ֮ʱֻʩչתУҲǴӽСͷ˵ɣ
⽪СһȻָǽƴԼõĺôһֽûʲôõȻһ˵ˣȻҪȥ֮ҪĻԣһסܰסһһ죬˭֪컹費ҪΡ
һ˵ͷСӵһƵ֮м˻֮
ҶȻĵ˵ͷ·һжĲ²֮УٴȡһӣˣСˣ
һͷȥֻòдĸ֣г⡱ȴһĻзĵ伮
ʯ»Լŵı꣬⡶г⡷ȴֵͬʯ֮УҲɽ绹ֶšᴫĴͳҶױ㽫ԼһͷҲ
Ҷ治ǻϺ꣬ͿһǣǺЦСѷıǣⲻһϷзУ㲻ϡҷȲõΪ֮õĶǾҲ㲻ʦͽഫĶ
һԵ˵ͷɲӹüȻˣСȴҲ֪ģǰʯͷСǰɡ
⻰Ҷ滹û˵ȴҶϼ֮Щ߷ߵ˵үү¾ˣüƽʲôѵǳ˵֣Ҫ㲻ɡ
⻰һЦЩڨڨҶһЦСΪ˽ĵϷζϷҲ㽫ºгˡʵϷССл񡣡
л񣿡һˣҶûʲôҶôлֻ˵
Ҷ˿⣬Ц棬Сѿɻǵð֮ǰ
֮ǰһͷһѵǰ˵ɽ
Ҷ˵ͷɽСһٽɽȻǽƴɱЩС鷳ҲǰҶһСæˡ
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С֪ɽϵʵܣһ£һ棬ô˸ɱʵפΪ塣
һͷ𾪲ѣҲֻ֪ǲ֪ȻҶҶǣУϱƽѵҶйأ


ʮ ز
Ҷ˵ͷˣ
կͲľǰȥɽҲҶں桭һɻ
ҶԹһЦƳƳһԵҶѣѸɣ
⻰Ҷϸոȥĺϼ·үү
Ҷ״ֻǲĹЦ
޷Ҷֻ͵һһۣͷȥ⻹Ҫүү㣬ҴҲὫկ˴ɽ󻹱
Ҷѽ˵꣬һͷЩЦáԭҶѼһͮȥԼסؼүү취Ҷ뵽һСӵĳֻ֣ɽ˽ȥˡ
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˵ɽԿ󣬱ܵܶûмˣγԿҺͲľһ£ٲɡΨһľһˡȻʱҪҶˡ
Ҷѵ֮УһȻҶɽЩжԵġҶҿɼ壬ҪҶҵжԣ˵ԷͬȼĴڡ
һӣҶЦСͱܹһȴѵˣɽĺ̨Ҳ˵Ҳɼ塣
Ҳɼ壬֪ʲô壿һѹסͷ𾪣ʵ
ҶȴվתȥתһСȻСһΪӦ֪̩һսɣ
սѵ˵һ뵽һ𰸣Ծ˵
СҲµˣ̩Ĺһ˾սͬʱҲ̩һħӪɼ壬ң
ħޣȻôһʣһû뵽ԼѸħ޴˽
ɽǰڣǽҾݵ㣬Ҳ˵ǽҵ£̩ĻʼңгĲνİҲνĻʼңڲڻʼһƤ֮ħ޽ң
뵽𰸣һͷþòƽ¹ؼѪҲܽƽûһ˿
Ҷû뵽һ⽪һѪϵֻ˵ħ޵ĴЩˡʵҲȷʵˣɢޣʵɢ޶ԣħ޼جεĴڡ
ħóľӶᣬǲ߱Ҫ֪ħ޶ԣǱܹܶħƺܶ౦ʶѰ£ħӪʿƽսһһˡ
Ҷ濪ڵСѷľˣȻȴҶҵĵ̣ǲֵġ
һ֪ҶڰοԼǿһЦҪлǰˣֻħΪʲôҶȴڴ˴̩أ
ҶǺһЦħȷʵˣҵȴͼһǳԹαǿҪȣβȽһ˭˻ĳã˭Ц󡣵ȻȺƽҪ˫ʵ൱²ŻᷢʵԣҶȻһ֮ͬһ֮ҲΪǵĸҴҵοҵʶҶһΪΪʵΧҲ
һԻȻɽ˽һ㣬ԭɽȻյĿȷ׺ָ߳˲֪Զ֮Ĺϵûбʵı仯С㣬СϺףƾҳƽ㡣ҶҵƽһᣬνŵĲ´ЬģֻҪҲԸⶪʧҵŪһƣͲҶҶҷֺ
ȻһһͷʵǰȻɼ壬Ҫ׵ʲôأ
ҶƺһΪЦħҵͬʯ⣬ҪһЩرĶѪ⣬ֱֶ꣬ɽ֮УΥ֮µģѰ˾Ҫɱġڷ׹ٺ١
Ȼû˵꣬һѾ˸ףǾúЩԭټһң߶ԲһռϵĹߡİվϡɥĲ飬һЩɻ󡣼֪ɽ粻磬˿ɵǰȴһ˿ɡ
ҶҲûпһֻǶԸ̾زʰ


ʮ 
仰һͷĵһزʣΪۻңһԸۻ
Ƭ̣һ̨֮ʱûĲٴԳһص̨һͬʱǱҶҲ̵¶ȣһʱѹ
о֮еľ䣬һɫһ䣬æǰ̫֮𾪣ôľȻҵߣţ磬ɱˡЩʱǣǰ¡
Ҷı仯൱ɬҶȴǸоһɫı仯ȴʵʵڵġıģҶҲΪͬһ˵̾һȴԽܣСѻǺúһĺãҪ֪СѼȻ̤ôһѰͬˡѾĴڣ˼Ҳøıˡ
һĵ˵ͷһ㳯ȥͯæӭ᷿ȥˡ
һԶȥıӰҶ̾һһӦǲģĻǸҲʺɣֻƺЩܹͣ෬ĥӦҲܳһЩġ
һۣһԵҶһүүѵĳɾͱһҪô
ҶȻǺһЦ֮Ī⣬˭ܳɾͶ֪ڳ߷ʱ䣬ٿޱ֮ȴػǻۣɾ˱󼰵ΰҵүүҲ˵һһܳɾͣύһǺõġ
Ҷѵùһأ֪˴θĸǰȥмʲôʱܹأ
⻰ҶҲĬƬ̲̾˼Զɺ˱ٹȵΪܹУٶվ죬һһصûʱ䣬;ӦûҪʮܻɣıˣ˴һȥ˻ǲ٣Ӧòʲôġ
Ҷѵ˵ͷĵĳȥþòջ
ȴ˵һصУһѽҶͳֻ϶ΪȣҶϸȥ֮ӰǧһնɱôˣǶĽǧɽ̨֮ųֵġ֮ǰҲ²˶ȻǺı仯ⷬҶܣ뵽ȻɽϽƴռһ࣬ĿĿҲռϰˡ
Ȼͷ⽪ңһȴû˼ЩȻüһһڶͻأĳüӡѨϡһĸоڶӵԼ̨
ڴʱ̨֮ͻأĳһһͷҶ̵һɣñҶ͵ı̨֮ȥˡ֮Ǻڶʧˡ
ô£
һ侪ңֻ̨ÿտտ̨֮УǱҶڻƽָϣһɹӱҶ֮дֱ̨֮ܳСÿһ룬һþͬʱصּ˹һͨƺһƪʲôھطһ㣬ûнţֻ羭һһ
ȥɽȻسưԣδı仯ȻһȻΪӣţУζᣬʩ価ǣ
һξͷתһ飬һֻԼʶͨǻҲƾ࣬һ۾Ȼƿ֮
оı仯һ˵ʱҲһ˿ɣܿͱԺڵ϶㲻ϵĴڣﻹ˼ƽԴֻҪʵǿջ
һ֪һ仯ת۵֮һһʱûгɹ㲻õҶ֮ĴУһѡ߰ˣʵĴڣҲҶ챦ͻȥǴͨҶӵеһУʱֻһˡ
ʱȴǲͬˣΪһͷԷ˺ԶͬʱҲﵽˣҶ˴̨̼֮УΪӴ˲벻һһ֤һ漣ĳ֡
һٴε˺ôҲԼϵľʵַ̤ųڷΪ󾳽ŸΣÿΡ
еһą̇̄ɵ͵ǡ򡱣⡱ڶ޳ĦᡱηֱǡԲĦᡱλΪ١
ҶܵħҲΪŸΡ
ɵһǡΪ족ٹȡڶǡ񡱣Ϊ𵤡ԪӤ塱Σǡ顱Ϊ񡱣ɽ١ˡ
ħһǡͬǡ족ٹȡΣڶ绽ħ֮ġΪħĺˡ֮ġ绽ħ塱Ϊħ塱ħ١ˡ
ϵȻһһӦǳ֮֮ˡ


ʮ 뿪Ҷ
ϵ磬־Ų㣬ڤڤ֮а֮һ˷ԪһԻԻԻ񡣶ϵƺǷֱ֡
ǶħǶԾǶȻҲȫֿǻ͸Եġ
һȴ벻ôԶ޷𣬶Ƕξ𾭡Լͬޣȴǿǿվڵһ쾳ſڣ޷ȴǽͬһ㼶档˿ȴˡ
𹦶ԣȻżôȴһͷûС֪ĳܹеġ𾭡⣬Ҳ֪ø֮ĶעҶܹ֮ǿҶ̨֮ȥˣ;ܲʹö֪ˡ
̾һһⲻһϵҪҼԣͳҶġг⡷ֻõһҳһǵͽƷݻǽķš쾳𲻹ȷǿһߣӽ»ȲԼʹû
䲻˵øԶһȻԸ⻨Ѿӵֶ棬淭ȥʱȴɫѿ˼֡
ʮַʲôÿһַڽܵʱ򣬶ҪݻɹǺѵķǰַɹ
һüͷһ壬̾Ȼɸ¥ƽҪ򵥵ĶС˵·һҳʼϸݻ
һ㣬һ㽫ݻ˸ͨ͸СԺ֮УȻˣ΢΢һЦһͷһ֮뾭굽ϣ뷨֮УȻһɹصǾνķһֵסͷ˷ܸУдʣջΪһȣ
ֻ÷ָ֮һ𣬶ʱ㽫ǰһ軨ݸž֮󣬱һźķĩ
ȻһʩɹˣһͷȸԾûʱ򣬱һȵôʩչ
תͷȥȴҶˡһæջط΢΢һЦԭСˣ·Ҷǰķ˲ľС¡
Ҷɻһϰݻ治֪ôġ
һЦҲ֪δ𻰣Ͼʲôǻͨһʹðˣ㲻ɷ
ҶѼһػü΢үү˵͸󣬵㾹ȻʩչҪ֪ݻȵͽƷͨ˶ðʱգǵͽƷˣ㼶Ҫѧ᲻֪ҪѶپ㵽ôѧġѵʲôܲɣ
һЦͷҶҲȻ²⵽ԼܣܸΪ˵Ҳ
ҶѿһΣ߰ĽͷһƫһҲ˵ģСҲϡ߰ɣүү˵Ҫһ档
һ棿һɻ
ȻѵһֱҼҴȥҶǽʵȴһ˿ζ
һܶŮ˼ǺһЦС˵ǣҶԣֱԴһ㣬¶ȴ£֮վҪȥģ߶Ҳȥˡ
شҶһٲ˵ߺߵı㳯ǰȥһҲ֪Լ˵ʲôֻÿЦŸȥ
Ƿ֮УҶɶ֮ϣ΢ЦſһСѿǽЩͨˣ
һָ֪ʲôصص˵ͷزʣۻ֮Ҫۻˣնϧ
ҶΪĵ˵ͷСԹȻϼѣ⾣֮·ڽ£һһȥ
һһݣлǰָСպгɣ񱨡
Ҷ˵ȴҶһ֪˵󻰣֮¶ûндɾ͡
һֻܿЦҶ˵ͷСѣ˵Ҳ޵쳾ҵ֮ļնȥľնȥܷµľ£ڶ̶ʱ漯о֮·ϡ
һͷ뷨⻰Ǽᶨͷֵһ̣ܽųǡ
ҶȻǿҶѽһͳȥһҲƴǣգҲ֪ҶΧ󷨣ѰǽģҪȥҲר˴·
һǰһ֮⣬Ҷ߾͵ˣ߰ɣ
һ治֪ԼС㣬һлƮȻȥ


ʮ ѹ
ڻþ֮Уʱĸˡ˶ˮӺΤͭ⣬һϺպգڷ׵Ӷλϡ
¾±СȥǺڻɽǶҲһ֮ţû뵽̶̼±㽫ɽظ⡭ˮҲ֪ЩԲ˵֪ô˵ȥˡ
˲˵ǳչزĺڻڻΨһĶ֣Ҳʹһ˫ƣţ
һӣҲöˮ˵ȥˣһǧǱһʧҲ˭Ҳ֪СС;Ȼصô书ҲᣬĻԶˡ
͵˭˵أɽذЩĿҲ֪ʲôʱģɽǱӳҵȷ֣Ȼ˳׷ȥڻڹء
⻰ˮͷĺĺڳȴǲαʾֻܿڵǰЩʱѾҶӻǰȥɽأȰ˵θԸĻǿԸһְǲԸ⣬ҲԳĲ֮ˡ
˵ͷһûʲô
ˮܽܲҲͰѹˡ
⻰Τͭһǿ׳ʱ糤ӿһֵľԶ׼һëͷСӣõ˰ΤӸÿ
⻰ˮͷϲΤͭͷȻһٸԸ⡣
ϻأͻȻڵ
ˮҧгݣ˵ȴһݣȵǴ˾Ͳˡ
ΪԼõŲţΪԼõ˶ǵˣİԵλͷ΢ĹֽһҲԶˡ
ʱһСͷĿ˽߾̽Ҫ
⻰˶üͷһ壬Ҫ֪ǻ֮أȻ֪Եɣ̩Ҳͽ˵ط˻Ŀפ⣬ǲɱǰġʱ߾̽ţֻ˵һ飬Ǿ̩ɱˡ
˵ɰȻ
СͷĿЩܲסİ͵Ĺȥæ̽߾он󣬹ǧˣǧǧ
ñСͷĿ֮üͷĿˣǶˮ̩ⷬʲô˼
ˮҡҡͷǵĺҪͷˣ

ͬʱɽţʮҵĻʼңȴ׷׵õϢȺ۸ݣһʵۣﻹԸ̩ܵĹѹ۱ʲô뷨̩ʼ

ȴ˵һصÿУȥ֮ʱ˹ϵܵ⣬֪ʱֳʶҲû˷
ԼԺ֮г⡷ϵڶʱ򣬱ԺŴȴϺҶӻ˵
ϺʲôôҶҲˣ
ҶӻڵܼҴľֻˣʶǰ̽һ
һ΢΢һЦӭ˽ŵϺʲô鼱ô
Ϻ˿ҶӻΪѣȴҶӻڵºܼ˵ѹɣ
ϺԵ˵ͷҶȻϢͨǴ¡
һüͷ΢壬Ҷһ۽󿪣Ҳ˽˺ܶţͷ뷨ȻѰ˲ͬ˼һת뵽δѹɽ޹ϵɡ
һ˼תȴûб¶һ㣬ֻʵбô
ϺҡҡͷɫĿҶӻһ۱˳ȥˡ
һһ裬ҶѵûзҵȰ˵
Ҷӻ̾һľֲ̽ˣҶĳͷҲоˡ
ŶȻˣһϣҶֲҪΪвأ
ҶӻԵ˵ͷһһֵҶĳԸͶľ£ľֽɣ
仯Ȼͻأһ˼һת˸¾Ǵ˴ȥҶҵĹϵˡ
һȴǲ֪˴νҶһˣҶӻֳҶвСĹϵҶҵΧӣ˽ҶҵʵǿԶʲôڻɽŵĴڡֻҪһűһ
Ҷӻһ̶ܹʱһسǣȻҶ̨һһ͵ֱӸҶڲʵϵһССĺڻ֮һССȵ˸ҶĻ㡣
ҶӻһΪ϶ģ˴εļƻҪܶ˸ȻŹǺһЦҶӻˣҶֱڱһΣ
Ҷӻ¶һص΢Цβÿڻһƺ


ʮ 
̩ǧ֮һͻأϢȴԭڻ֮µɽÿڶΪɽٲܺڻϽԭɽÿľһΪɽ¸踱СͷĿǧˡ
ɽܱ֮ߴСɶǰףأǻƼҲʹǰҪ֪ȷƮҡʱ򣬶һѱһ·˭ҲԸ⽫ôһռһ֮صˡҲǳͬĿǣɽĺڻɽȻûǰףأȴҲûзѡ
̶ʱգһںڻɽźͻƼҵ˾Ȼһʮ˾ꡣڶɿ⽫һͷʨ
˵ʱɽ֮УһϣϺźһԣ¸ҶӻƣɽˣҲһá
һ˵αһʢ£ѹ֮£ˣҲԴкڻɽԼƼ٣ɳǰȥλΪɳ˸ʣ
⻰۷׷ףȻ֮£ãڶﻹδܰͰ࣬ȡֻôӳ顣
һ˵ͷȴɽ˵ĶԣұﴦڸأǺڻʧ֣ҲԶԱʲôвʶҾòس̫ǰȥ
⻰඼еͬ⣬ϾˣأɨǰѩǴ˴ҲʮֽǶῼǱֱӻؾˡ
һҶӻ֪Ҷο
ҶӻһЦȻʵϣȲˣڹȴԶԶˣʱһʼҲ뷨ǰλ˼ҶĳҲΪͬ⣬ǵһˣúãβҲֻűˣòãǿҲἦͷʶ˴ҾӦǰȥٲˡ
ҶӻǰĻҲеĿҡͷԣϳɳأѾɽķչԶԶկȫˡ˿Ҫɳ˳ȥĲһ򲻿ɣһǧ࣬ɳˣػﰲȫ
һҲڷ񶨺Ϳ϶תͷҶӻҶʲôһ˵ˣҪθڡ
Ҷӻ΢΢һЦȻǻ۹ˣҶĳ˵Ҳָеӣʵȫñ䵱ɽˡ
⻰ǰһɽ˵׷ɱȴʵ׽˵ˡ񻹹ڼ֮УÿջҪԺȣҲһˡܽսһԳԼģֶΪ
ͨйؽڣһˣҶӻôһ˸һšЦ滢˼ǣЦˣ˲¹ͷ
֮Ҷӻȫ̼ƻһ֮ͨʼɳٱӣɵĶ鳯ڻȺٵļؿȥ
һԼԺ֮оŸⲻµʱ棬ȻһݻǵͽƷһûͨ൱Ƚƺ񣬵ʩչٶȴѷͨˡ
ʮ죬ѧϰһǽҶʯʹʯĶ̶ʱ䣬һھȫ֮У֮һ쾳磬Ϊˡ
֮սȴڶ̩ս˼̩ʸǿ֮иָ࣬˫ʤվ˼ͣ
̩˧֮УһеĽһʲô
˾ΪҪ㻤ô֮пȻһʲô
˾һ˵ļ㣬üȻǿ˫ȭѵ֣ҾǰһĿıǻ͵µġ
ǺһмңƾЩ߹һ쾳˶ûУ˭˵ҡ
˾ͷŭڣΪ̩֮һ˴α򱾹㹻ˣڴεʱ򣬾ȻӵǽǰΪӰȫ͵̩ĳطƵǣǰʮָ߰ƨƺͷʲôطԼ˶Ƕ֣ԼһȴҲҳֶ
˾˵ֻ˵ƿԣһЦ񣬳һСȥƬ֮оһСһֽ˾
֮˾һѽ飬ȥ죬һˡ


ʮ ƻ
һ֮ɽϣӰԭɽկĵطԴӽɽȥ֮ϺĲٳ֮£ټһɽկĲյգֻһƬ档
壬һҪΪҸױ𰡣һǳޣһǺ˵ǽƴĶӽХҲ֪ӹ˵׷ɱȴߡ
ԣ͸һ˿нƻǵֵ̩ܡС㷢ʣս˽ڲ˴ݵ㱻˵Ų׵µһһ
Ĵ˿ƻߵռЩأɻǵʲôطô
Хɫѿ˼֣ΪҲóʣ֮ʱ뽪ϵ󣬱ݣǴͬ𡣲Хֻ֪ңܹ𣬲пܹϸõ
ڷ֮ѰһХҵҵڣһɫѿ˼֡ͱˣ˵ʲôռꡣ
ǼƻһҸǲˣҲãûõļһҲռ꣬˴κò׳һˣɱһᣬЩϣҲͿˡתͷ򽪺Х˵Ǹȥɣ
Х¶һ˿Ǹɽɽس棬˿಻һܹɱʹ졣

ǰߵϢһ˿ûӰ죬Դ֪ɵĴ֮˼ûзڷϡУҲǶĸһչ׷Ĳ°ˡļƻǴһȻ󽻸ĵ˽ӹܣĸһչиܹĵ̤ɽˡҲΪƻһ˴˴δѹڴǷܹѹ˿ģϾҶҵĵ̣ݲý̤ġ
緹ĸһչһù֮һطСԺһЦһɽľһ
ĸɫһ䣬һչٺ棬Цһ磬鷳ҳȥѵɣ
һ΢΢һЦ˵һչڻǺúԺƣȥ컹Ǹɣ
һĸĵĽסȥһ
һͷ¶һŵЦݣĸײصģȥȥ˵գͷҲص˳ȥ
ܿ죬һɽǰֻʮڵϣеѪеĳһЩڴܳһư뵱ǺС
ֶΣħޣһȵ
Ŷ㾹Ȼ֪ħޣӦʿˣѹǸҷϣҲǲԩˡ춼ûдﵽΪ̫ˣ컹ǹԹǡƻЦ
һȻܿԷΪоó쾳磬ûдﵽٹȴǲ֪ˣҲĵˡ
²ѣΪεҪ
ƻһЦܵңȻͲˣأС˴£ҽңܵͷұˣ㻹־ܵĺãȻϽɽϵõ꽻һԿǸһȫʬһʹġȻССɾ͵űɹɡ
ң꣡һͷһͱҶˣҾĴڣҲܽϾħŹթɽ
˰ɣɣҲòϣ֮ãͲҲ˵ƻ͸ջ󣬵˼ȴûһ
Ҫ͸ɣһһӰһϷȥ
ƻ״һҪӣŶûУһ䣬ҲӰȥ
һ׷һӣһȻûﵽ쾳磬һȴǾտ佣Ṧ൱˵ãԶԣƻħһȻħǿ󣬵ҲŰˣܱȽٶȴһһ
⣬ûʲôһٶȷſһ㱼ߣǽƻһСߣ
һ䣬һѪϷɳƻ𣬷ҲƵĳһ׷׷һ͵ĽѪһǰ档
ֻýƻһ󵶣ѪһĶдЩצķġһһٹڣ
ƻЦСӻмּʶȻүͷõǷһССߣʩչһͼǴүҵĶ֣ǹԹԽ꽻Ҹȫʬ


ʮ ͻ
νħ֮ʹõ񵶽ߵһ㡣ȶԣħ֮øҪࡣ
һ֪˵ӵ͵߷Ϊһ£쾳ʹ÷ٹʹ÷ʹڶ󾳽֮ϵ˲ʹ÷
УΪ򵥵ġֻҪķ÷¼дѰϣʹʮ㣬νɱҲܹ쵽ġ߿Խ̾ʩչ֮罪ƻǰ㡣
ԽƻﵽٹȵΪܹڽȡһΪ˳ԲŽôһˡ
ȻֻǷƻҪһǿ˲֪١Ͷһնһ͵ɥ
һԲңЦһ㿴ʲô˵ţͳһƿǵƴװ
ƻɫһϲҪ֪Ȼռһ֮أܹȫ֮ڲɼħĲϡȽЩǰԣһССõԴҲࡣ
˴γһڵҲҪԼѹһЩô쾳ĳոͻƲá֮ŵõᡣ
һ·ȻҲѹһЩ꾫Ѫֵ֮࣬࣬һƱۡ˼ɽݵռΪ¼ˣӲƲ˾ӣԼһ˳
ƿǽռģƻȻϵãЦСӣ콻ҡ
һһƿһַֻһ󣬶ʱһݻ
Ҫʲôƻȵ
һ˿ɱ˵Ŀ⣬˵Իֵ֪ܲܵùأ
ƻкɫ֣𲻹ͼģ쾳綼ûдﵽûʲôãοɱֻҲûʲôӰ졣ҿ㻹ǹԹԵĽҵĺãҶ֣㻹ҪԹͷ
һҡҡͷҲΪʲôҪ㣬ħĲ˺ҵİɡʯٱˡ
ƻòѹסӣһˡʶ̧١۴еȻСѰǾݹˣһ㣡˵ţƻһߣ㳯һ˹
һ״üͷһĨ㽫˳ԾǴһǣĽһ˿ѪӴɢ˳ȥ
һ˿Ѫħųõۻ֮ȾһմȾת㣬߲ʱϣٲá
һҲʶһһϣƽһգЩѪյɢȥȴǳһ㸯ʴۼɼۻˡ
սۻȥݲһϧǽƻЦż󵶷˹ϰѪŨĻһȻУȴҲ˲ӲĽ˺ü£ɾһĽ󵶵ɣƿΧ
һ߷ųȥۻ࣬һ߽ĶŽƻһͷп಻ȻĿǰǿĵˣ۱ΪԼ֮ϣһûлʤĻᡣ
ƻСӣǸϿ콻ôүûиı⣬ܵġ
һֻǼۻ࣬˿ᡣƻŭϷһ󣬴󵶺׷ͷ¡
һһ˺һߵסһ㡣ƻʧȥģһ䣬ô󵶷ɵʮɸߴͣѪɫָһ
һ̣һ֪ԼˣӲˣҲ㲻ֻҪԼһԣȻնڵ¡
һ׷ҲһѪԴӳܹһ˿ŭ֮ĵӿʱ࣬һĦţ磬Ƕףһʱ֮쳹һƬ֮ߴһһ𣬺Ȼ·һ㴰ֽͱƣһֻý֮еھ뵤֮Уա֮еҲ͵ӿ֫ٺ֮СӴ浤;ھûһ˿谭ͨ
һһһѪϢ˳һͷ̾ˣ
һƻǸˣβ֪һһ쾳ʿ㲻ʲôһ㼶Ĳǲ̵ܷġһѹͻȻͻƣƻֻзŭһ˫һ
Ƿ߿յĴҲ͵ֱֱĳһɱ
һޱȵһ֪ԼƷζ쾳ʱ򣬺ͷһ̨֮ǻͨıһʱ⻪һȻֳһһ֮С


ʮһ ɷ
ʱһһһ˿˵ϣһĨû⻪ʱϡϤȸжʱӿҲȰˣһȴû˺ٷ֮һϢʱ䣬һͮͮƵķӡǳ档
ģһͷԾʱȴӦóԾʱץ㳯ķ󵶴ȥ
ཻһ죬һֻȻס˴󵶣ȴҲѹļ۶ϡ˼һһ֮еɾٴαóһš󵶲½Ƿ˳ȥѪߵֻһ·ڽŰˡ
һǽѹʮɣվ˲һͷȻһĻģⲢҲô򵥱һ
һԼѹͻ쾳磬Ƕ˱ɱһƻʹٴγһն
죬ͻأһһͷһף˵ǰǴ򲻵ãӲãڱܵʱôٴηɹҲһͷǿ͵һ룬ã˿˿֮ϷųƬ̣֮һƬȻصһһ
һϲӭŴ󵶱ȥǽʮ֮еֶʩչʱžϣȻۻ಻ϵӿÿÿҲ˲ýȻûۻĹǣһȻſ򹥻ؽԼõˮ©
ⷬƻڿͬһ˿һķӿġƻһȻǷ
ȻһҲΣһ󵶣һЦǷ
ƻЩţʲôƵĵ˵ͷݺݵĵԭСڿ̻ˣȻԽͽɹǲĺҲ͵ˣүҽս
˵ţƻϷٱ䣬ȴǴ󵶵һƣȻת˲㻯һܱһЩ֦Ҷһ뵶֮Уûһȴǿˣûгֻǻĩһ㿴ˡ
һҲܽƻβ²⣬ֻۿǻһֵĵ⣬սԼƣȥԴ⣬Ҳûʲôˡ
ѰʹֶΣһʹһֳֶ֡θӣǰ߱仯ˣǧٲ֮ȡ׼ȴʹŵΪߵͣǿйأһǵͼʿУɽ֮಻ֵǲ㽣ı仯Ǵޱȣֻƴƴôжܷӳ
ֶΣǰħ֣ϲħϲóֽһսȴǷ˹ħĽƻʹ󵶣һȴǳֽ
ƻֳͣٺЦһָһǵ糤۾һ㳯һ׷һһתһԲѡ˵˹ȥ
ƻһЦмˣ
ĵ˲䣬һͷȻӿ͵һȵһӿУʱһִƫһ֡ʱһѪ籡һãæ˿㣬ɣֽһǲ潫ɢһЩѪ۵ס
ԶԶŵ֣һѵһˣǷŵһ˿ʹǰͷ˻棬´ʱͱѪˡ
һɱٴαƻͷŭӿ𣬴ʱԼΪ˽ȡΪʹøȡķûе֡Ը׾ܽһն뵶¡
κҲ˵ƻʱͷΨһ뷨ǽһСɱȻɼꡣħ޶ԣһʿĻǱֵùٸ˵ĻǣҿƸѰ˻ǲƵĶ
ٻش󵶣ƻۿһСӣڽҼŭˣ첻ԶҲǲˣүһ廢ŵ㳢ʰɣ
һͷһ廢ŵҲһԵޱȵĵǿʮĸѧϽƻٹȾʵӳ
廢ţɱ
ƻһȣֵ˹һݽǰһײоһƥľЩ嵹ʹǿסΣȴҲ˫顣
ʱļƽϣһֽһߣһͬʱʮʩչһٽʵӣ廢ŵȥ
廢ŵԵʮƮ죬һһؾȻ˽СȻÿÿƲӲƴ廢ŵȴҲͬѧȻ౻һȥȴʮҵһһһǡйȥһֻ˫ַסղסˡ


ʮ 
һͷɷͬޣŲͻ㼶޷ȴľ硣ҲֲﵽٹΪĽƻƻ˸ħ֮˱ǼƴȥٲٸغϱԼ¡
ɫȣ˼תһȻһһ϶ڻһͣǰǴƿС
㲻Ҫôһ
һһ͵һ֣ǴƿУ˲Զ
Сӣ
ƻ״ŭһȴǱһҧۼƿɵԭƻҲļһƲһ㳯Ǵƿɱȥ
״һﻹ˿ͣһ㳯෴ȥ˲ʮɣһȴСӣƭңҪʬΡ
һͷһݣ֪ƻִƿ֮Ȼˣʱﻹô࣬Ҳ淽ȫɱ
Сܣ
ƻٴμԦ󵶳̶ۼҪ׷ˡһһҧһȣٴӿ֮УʱϹ⻪ʢ졣һһû쳤ͬһֱɽƻ⡣
һƻʱһͣȴһķƫնڴ󵶷ϣȴǿ˼֡
쾳˵õıڱٹ˵ȴʲôöǽƻڽ֮ȻںʱͷõķͲࡣ˳ֵĴȴǱһܾ˸ˣŭ
ƻЪ˹ĺСӣҪڣƤж˿飬㳢ʹࡣ
ЩһȻֱüɽ̷Ȼȷ׸Ӳ̺أȻꡣֻ̾̾һͷܣ̾Ҳûܵ
ֵǣ˰ɶú׷ǽƻβҲֹˣοҲһļ
һɻ֮ʱȻһƺһԵϻһűߡʱ򣬱Ǻƺһһ㽫һĽŲӰסʮ˷ܳ׷׳һӿ㽫ֻʣһͷ档
һЦƻһ֮УǱƵķ󵶺һͬƵķϴ֮ɫСӣ㻹Ӳҵİɣ
һо屻һɹѹϵļѹţ쾳嶼ãۿŽƻ㣬ˣ
ƻЦЦƺʲôһ㣬ɵģȻûдﵽ𣬵ҲˣҪ֪ǽһҲǵһˣҾǽұһˡҲӦ˰ɣ
һ˫Ŀһ۹۱Ǳǹ״ƺҲĿǷΧ֮ڡ
ûģûаţӲ̬ýƻһ㶼оʤߵζ͵ķһŽһߵݺݵ˵ȻҲ֪㽫ЩδˣҲͰˣܹŪĻǣȥһ˵ܹ꣬һΪ꣬ҲﵽҲ˵
ƻһ˵ԻȴûеõһӦ˼֮ȻŲˣСӣȻӲƢôǺãҾ֮£
Žƻһ𣬰һ˲䶯Ľһͷ­Ҳ濴ȥ˺ɫľӼ
žӼ䶯ƻŭ֮дһڴϾ㼶ʿҲǿɵĴˣʿҲ˵նɱնɱģÿֻС
뵽õôһֻǣƻɵÿʼƻʹáʱ򣬺ɫӼ֮кȻһ΢ĲҽС
ƻȥȴûһ״ʱһҽдҪǰȥʱ򣬲ҽϣһƬһһüλһƬҶ
ʲô
ڽƻԾ֮ʱֻǽһѣԭһ˻ŵ꣬Щ걻ҶϵĽһ㰲׷Ͷ뱴Ҷ֮Уһǧ㱻뱴Ҷ֮ʧ
ʲôȻܹ̳꣬ҵ꣬ˣ
ƻعֱһڹ⳯ҶȥҶǺεȱܹĴڡһǺڹʧ
Լ԰ĹȻЧƻо֮Ũˣڴʱһ󣬵ˣ


ʮ նɱ
Ҷĳ֣ⱦʧƻͷЩңȻûע⵽һûڵϣʱͷһæ
һȻȻһİգһѽȻʮϰö롣
СƻȻҶŵȴη尵ȽֶΣֽһһ뾡뵶֮Уž¡
һö뵱һӣȴǶ㿪˵⳯ƻֱ
ƻһɲǽƴǵûˣȻҲһ֣ϳ鲻һƶʱùһڣƱӭɰƣһϵѧȭϳ˹øƿӲƻȻǱٹȲĸ֣ȻȴҲ
ֻһȴǽ뱻ɰƸΣƻЦû뵽Сô౦Ϊ̫ˣҲûʲôÿģôүҽɱıҵ
Цţƻǽһף˫ͬʱ˾ֻڵɰƱ㳯һɱ˹
һһ˵ħӦöѧ֮ԱǲŶԣ뵽ħ޼˾Ȼͨôѧ
ʱȴʱû˱ӭɰƣһ
õǣƻȻѧ˵ãȷʵõĿԣÿÿֻץһ½ǣʲôʵá
׷һʱ䣬ƻ۴УͷǱҶһۣ̰֮ɫԾȻϣһҧʲô
վΣƻ˫أֻһѪֽѪץУƻһЦйǰϵĴ󵶣һСӣүķѾѪ棬Ŀ
˵ţѪһĨֻǴ͵һ汻һƻķĶʱһӿԶ޸
⣡һԾĿһУ֪Ƿ޸ǽƻٶƽᱻֲԼʱն뵶¡
УһҪ취˼תһ˿һ뷨Ѹٳ֣һһˡ
һһͣһѽ룬üͷ΢壬ͷֳһ˿̨֮Уӿǻͨȥ
ͨĵһʱ⻪磬һͷһȡһ˿ѳ̨˳羭֮УС
һ΢ĺһһн룬ͷϲˡ
ͬʱǽƻϴҲ޸ϣѪƺ֮ǰǿһ֡
ɣ
ƻһҪᵶǰһȴһ䣬·һ㣬ֱһѽ׳
ֶΣӣ
ƻһЦɽһתѪʱ룬ž֮ϣζһءʱһö봩طֱ̽ƻüĶ
һַű㱻£ƻﻹ⣬ɰӭȥǵǷҵɰƣΣ
һһЦǾͿ˭ΰɣ
ƻһӲҪ˵ʲôȻԾǱóֵĽûдתͷȥʱһĿɿڴһͱúͮͮĴϣһ޳ɰƵġ
ܣҲǷ
һһЦûʲôܵģ
ƻᵶҪ룬ڴʱһһѽ˹Ѿɾ֮ĽƻĽ룬жǷзֻӵȥ
ڴʱһ촫ĵġסȻϵմһָͷСƿڳģѪʳ
ƻһҽС
һﻹᣬͷһʹ˽ȥ뽪ƻˮѪĴܵ
ħɲͬɵĹؼǵħĹؼࡣߵĵɥħߵֱ档
ƻовɫʱͬˡɰһƬ
һһЦ̧һӣֻһӽƻؿλôܳűһѪԶ
ƻ۴͵Ŀһָݣ˵꣬˵ڵأٲ
ýƻһȴǲӽһָ룬ƻ͵Ĵ˼£Ȼûһ㷴Ӧ˹ȥ
ʱҶҲˣ⻪һ㳯һֱӷü֮ʧ
оҶ֮еı仯һɲȻĽҰչڽƻһ󣬽ҳϣһӣѽƻˣѰ˷򣬳سǸȥ


ʮ Ҷ˼Զ
ȴ˵һصɽŵĵȴǻһԭ˵һĵȴǲˡŵӼһæӭݵ»Ͽ쵽᷿ȥй͵
᷿һһסĵطƽʲôǰҲڶ᷿дϺһϸˣԲִ᷸󣬿Լڵʱ򣬰Ҳʲô¡
һ˵㳯᷿ȥ⡣ϺҶӻżĵ棬һǴϲæӭϺһǰλߣȻ˵ү˹ͣҶҵˣ
Ҷˣһһ㶣ҶҵҲϺֻ˵һʮǿʿ壬̫֮ףʲô˶ܽܵġ
ҶӻһæͷҶҵļ򸾣
һ֪Ҷӻ˼˵ͷ㳯ȥͥԺһĿˣһŮĸŮ˵ʲôӶյһ
ȻվڵˣǶӻˡ
һ䣬һ뷿Уĸһݵĸ׵ˣ
ĸͰĵ˵ͷ£ͺãҶλ͡
һԳ˹ֵСһλ֪γƺ
ϸһһȴ̻ش𣬷תͷٸɺ㿴ǷѾ쾳磬ǰո׿˵һأ
ǱɺٸҲһһյͷ˼ԶѾ쾳ˣǸ׿޵ˡ
Ҷ˼Զͬĵ˵ͷתͷ΢ЦĶһҲȥҼңϵѣұĸףҵ˵Եѳ֮ͬ۽ֳճ£д󣬽һֶ㻽Ҷ壬ӣȴͬգ㻽һ̾ˣ
һȻҲȻҲߣϾô귲˵˼ٹ̣ԷԼҲ̻꣬ȴǽвֳһҶ壬Ŷ˹ϵ
˷£Ҷ˼Զڵֶ֪˭
һȻ֪˵˭ǽҵˣ
ңҶ˼Զüͷһ壬ǽң
һصص˵ͷԳǽҵˣἰɽ֮£Ӧǽҵˡ
⻰Ҷ˼ԶüͷƬ̲ŵˣ֪ˣ
ˣһն
µ֣
ǣԷҲʧˣһ̾
Ҷ˼ԶǰһЩõȻǾһǽնɱҲˣɱúãҲسŵһɱһһɱһ˫ְֵֶҶһæ
ñģҶ˼ԶȻ˵ɱڵĻһͷһݣҲصɷȴȻˣɻħ˶ǲɱǾֻбɱλɡ
Ҷˣ˴˱ƵͷһҲò֣еӿҪԿˡ
Ҷ˼Զ˵ͷ˲ңҲˣңҲˣӵķ緶죬ҲԼˡ
棿һԾ
Ҷ˼ԶǺһЦȻֻ͵Ĳ㼶վȻˡ·ϻкܶྫʵĶǲȥһһ棬쳵ûʲôɾ͵ġҲǸողμһСˣݵ
ᣡһʵĴʣһͷԡ
Ҷ˼Զ״ҡҡͷˣˣ֪Ķ̫٣Ҫ档
һɫһ࣬ȴǲ˵ʲô
ȻһԵĸվߵһǰһж־ķ̫ǣҺܵܡʵڲҺҸɽҲǿԵġ
һ̧ͷĸǴȰĿ⣬һʱ֪˵ʲôá
ڴʱɺڵ˼ԶʱҶҲԳһġ
Ҷ˼ԶˬһЦɺ˵ǣһֶԷġ֮±ΪҶģҶһæҶȻ᲻ȻѾôһɣǾͽŵùˣĸ׺͵ܵܶϣҶҲΪտһûʲô˸ҲҶһӵġ
Ҷ˼ԶĻһ˼һת֪õĽ취ȴǿڵĸ׺͵ܵܶһʱ䣬֪ҶΣ
Ҷ˼ԶЦ޲ɣҿȻﵽ쾳磬Ϣȴв֮ǸͻƲðɣһЩʱȹһҲδɣһμɡ
һμ᣿
һ֮мᣬȻģ󣬵Ϊȴ㹻ˡ


ʮ ȥ֮ǰ
һ̸֮Ҷ˼Զ򸾸ȥһĸӶˡ
ĸ̾һһȻ˵Ҷʲôȥɣ˵תطȥˡ
һĸȥıӰ΢֮·ͷصӡǣҲɸĵ飬ǼҳҲҪ㹻ʵܹˡĸ׺͵ܵܣһȻвᣬҲֻʱһˡ
صԼУһ۲֮У֮ھںϵڻĲţƺľһ֪Ϊʲôɵĵһˡ
ͷͶ̨֮Уһ̨ӳӯ⣬ȴǸƽûÿûʹ仯֡һ²Щǲûдﵽѱˡ
űҶһӰһǿһΪϤģǽƻ˭ˡʱ⽪ƻûлʱͣڱҶ֮Уƺ߶ʲôһɹɱǿʮ߶ӿ֮С
ΪԽߣԽǿǲԽǿһ޷ٶȾ͸ˣһŽעת
̨ǹĻӷģһ˹ȥȻӷҫһ˿˿ÿһ˿һ涼ĿԼһӷĵӰ
һԣ
һͷһһ͵Ĳһһ˳뾭֮Сͷ˳̨Ž֮һ˿ϣһ磬һġЩڲͬӷĵӰӡ
ִԱץһذһֽ水ȥûһԶذ֮Уذһġ
ȻǷ
һԾĿԼϵذףԼƳķһѻз
Ҫֶ֪Ȼ㲻ʲôߵҲҪ̫ļֻҪﵽ쾳ܹǿ𲢲̫󣬱ϾõǷײϣܹ֧ŵķ֮Ҳôһ㣬Ҫٶ࣬ǿǾ͵ıˡҲɽĲϣҪ֪ɽͶ˭⼦һء
ˣҲ˵־ģŵĲͬǿ̻գ֮Ҫһʱ佫ĻƵϣȻܹĻһ
һذȴǲͬˣ಻Ǽ飬ķһЩֶα֪ɿ˲֪١
뽪ƻһսʱ򣬵ƽҪƻķѾѪָ󵶷Ҫһ֣˿ɼ֮ˡ
ԾһͷϲѣԲһˣܹʱ䣬ӷ֮ԽӷıܹͬһֻҪĹܹϵķųԴԴϣɶϾ
뵽һƺķѻԼǰԼӻÿÿһһѷӳȥҲ˸ˡ
һ֮ϺӵһѼһϺõıнʮ죬һԺѲߵĵӲʱıײɻǣһԺ漸ûȥıڶӵóǾһ˵֮еġһ˵ѧɣһ˵ãޱȡ
һڶ֮У֪ӵĴԡʩչ뷨ûгɹΪֲӵжٷܹʩչĲʮˡ
Ϊˣһɥһʱ䣬֪Ϊǿԭ򡣵ɥԭ֪ȻһƬˣҪ֪˱춥壬ҲҪͬʱʮ±ٹʿҲһܹɹ
ȻʧʧһǽƻϵҲõһЩöһħ¡ķ伮ʯһСɲͼһЩռûꡣ
ħһȤһߣʯȴǺö֮ܿ㽫쾳繮̫٣ҲһųܹģʶЩ꾡һ뱴Ҷ֮УΪԼķ޷ƽһ
ȴ˵ʱҴңһʱܿȥˣһΪҲһһԣȻûﵽ۷壬ȴǽ࣬Ϊķȴ̨֮ͣеԽԽŨͷҲԽԽͨվûھͻƵļֻҰοӦǽƿˣҪͻưˡ
һգһϺеԼĸڵĶ᷿һ̸֮ƮȻȥ


ʮ 
һһɽߣֻɽºæʩչݻųһŻ棬⸩
£ԳΪҶ˼Զɺ˷ֱһߣһ׳ԼһׯŮӡ
Ҷ˼ԶǺһЦǰһˣξ͸ô
һصص˵ͷҾˣ
򵥵ĸ֣ȴ˵նû˿ԥҶ˼Զĵ˵ͷã֮·ıˣҶһΪչ˵ġ
лҶˣ
Ҷ˼Զ˰ʾⲻ⣬ɺǰʵ˴ҲҪһߣոͻ죬绹ûȹ̣ʹҲ첻Աүǿڼˡ
һ΢΢һЦʴϻۣСС;޳쾳磬ҶǰչˣȻǰ;Ҳؾڴ˴һС
Ҷ˼ԶΪͬĵ˵ͷɺ΢΢ҡͷ̾һ˵һȥˡ
֮Ҷ˼Զһһܱ߼ɢޣҶҽã˴ҪȥμӼᣬͬҶ˼ԶͬСȻΪﵽ˱ٹȣ⣬ȼ֮ʱǽӷʱԽȻԽǰȫˡ
ڽһ£Ҷ˼ԶֻǼ򵥵һ˵һ˵ɽ˼ɾҲǺƽ磬ħӪŸӶᣬɽٹһ㡣ɽ»ɽ֮бӣԷħ˵ʱ򣬱ǻǶȥ
ע˵һ֮һ·ˡ֮гһ˶ɵøߣٶȿ죬ڱٹȲ㼶ʿȴҲһģǱҪ·ʱǲѡġʶ˸ʹͿշݶС
ɽ֮䣬ֻӰӶٶ֮Զνǧһ罫Ҷ
һգ˱ɳ̩ٽһСڣڹٴδ˹һҹͣʮգ˱ӹ˲֪ٸҡȻÿҶǴҴҶһɴ˼ʶֻض㲻٣ûжķ޷ƿƺһɶֱһϲѡ
һգ˷ɹһƬԭ֮УȻһҽǰ洫ʮҲǼɱ֮£Ƕмһˣȴ˵ע
ǰߣǽɽ̵߿ڵ֮ΪߵģʶȻҲǿģһҽеͬʱȸоͬæڵ
ߣСģ˴ӽУн߳֡Ҷ˼ԶΪ·˿ڵ
ԽԽһһпöСһʱǺķ˲˲ٷһˡ
˿ɲ׼ԴУĳǲҽԴͷ̽ȥһ·ȴһҽУԼɼ֮мӰվ
ʲôˣҹǼǷһˣȵ
вر¶Ҷ˼ԶҲ׼أԽ˳ȥĸˣԼʬ塣
ʿһ۵ü
Ҷ˼ԶһӳȻʶҶ˼Զ
Ҷ˼ԶЦû뵽㣬Լҵ̲ʳҰʷǽһǲ
ңһüͷһ壬Ȼ֪˾̩彪֮ˣӦԼɱǽƻһ
ǰǺתͷԽʶǣ
һҶҵСӰˣ
Ե˵ͷ촽һȻڴʲôһҲȻҶ˼ԶǱ˶࣬Ҳռ˱ˣ»Ҫ˱ˮλ룿
ɽ̲ԾԺΪɣϾ˴γĿСᡣ
ɽһ˵˽Աʾͬ⣬ɺҲͬˣһȻ򽫽ҵ£ȴԼķҲֻóĬˡ
۽ǱƺҲó˽ǰһҶ˼Զα㲻鷳ȥɣ
Ҷ˼ԶһЦϻ˵ȻߣûȥӴǽҵצջȥݹǲ
һһǰ˵ܽƻִ񣬶Ϩ֮ͷֻҶҲҲֻ̫֣ôѸٳȴЩ裬ʱƱǿҲֻܿշźݻҶ֡
ԶȥҶ˼ԶһˣݺݵһڣһὫҶΪƽء˵꣬ͬһͬʰϵսƷ


ʮ 
ȴ˵һһԶԶƿǰĴ֣Сĵĳиȥ;ʱԼ߳֡Щ˼ˣ˶ٹȵƷų׷ѡȥ
˰ʱ䣬ԶԶɼһƬûһ׹϶Цݡ
ڵˣҶ˼Զͷһ
һȥ֮Щ߶Ӱǰνˡ
߰ɣҶ˼Զ˵һȥҲȥ
֮УȻһоԼһ㲻ɼĸĤһڲͬϢŨиǿȣͬ͵
ɽ磬߾ۼĵطһ̾
һоΣ֪Ϊʲô˰ɣҶ˼ԶһЦ
һԵ˵ͷȻɲǱ쳵û뵽أȻ˼ʶˡ
Ҷ˼Զͬһ˵飬µأȱһɣһ֮Եõ˽׺͸ʽȴǿԹЩõЩʯȥɣ˵ŵݹһӽһ
һƴǣȴɺһⲻûʯոսɽ磬ҪʯĵطǣһʯȻ࣬Ҳǵһ⣬򲻿ƴǣоӿǴأöõŵġ
һͷɻȴҲƴǣ˹ֻôƮƮһ
߱ر֮ֻҪһԿȡƷʮֱˣɺ͵
һУȻһҵĿռ䣬ʮʯԼһƤ
ˣҵطס£Ȼٷͷ°ɣ
Ҷ˼ԶǴ·ˣȻһ飬ֵУҵһҿջ֮һȡһ䡣һҲһľƽԼ֮С
һҪһöʯֻסʱ䣬۸̫ˣ֮棬ҶҶ˿۸ҲǺʡһ˼һڽͳ
ٴͷһʮʯƤʯһ㣬ƤȴǻܱҵԼУɣɼķֲͼٲ·ˣΣյĵطҲԱܹ
һƽϢ˷ܸУһ֮󣬱Ҫ֪֮еĿջȷף󷨵ĴڣǸǲ򿪵ġ
ţҶ˼Զ򸾣ȴǲȥˡ
һ׼ȥһ㶫Ըǳȥ
ʲôʱ򶼿ԣרͬȴʱʱУһȻͷͬ⣬һ˳˿ջ㳯Ϊ·ȥ
һ·ϣҶ˼ԶĵĸһһԭеһΪ֣һǵ̣Ҳǹ̶Ľ׳һʵ̿ģƷ࣬㣬ҲáƷƷ۸ϸߣƷ۸ȴҪһЩ
ڶɱؽ̯Щ˶ɢ޻СʿǲʱĻϣһһεļᣬǶþˡƷһزԼòŵĶ廨ţҲһ۸߻ͣͿҲ˴Ǯ˱˻ͷͲˣֻưͳԻп˵ȻҲԵöϢȴ̫٣ϾõöҲᵽȥ˵
ʵҶ˼Զ֮ӦûһɣǾǡС˵һгڣһΪһϵǲܽӴġҶ˼Զ˾ûôʶֻܵǴ˵ˡ
һ·ȻҶ˼ԶһԿʲôͣȴ̯λϰŸʽƿƿ޹ޣСǩдšѿٹȵ׹ȵһҩһҲû
ʵѣٹȵҪ۶٣Ҷ˼Զڵ
̯λһ׷ߣ̧ͷҶ˼Զһָۣͷһƿʮöʯ
Ҷ˼Զüͷһ壬֪ѿԸ⽻ʲô
ԽҶ˼ԶһҲУҼСҪһȴǹˣԼƣȴء
⻰Ҷ˼ԶɫһϲִͳһȭͷСһӦ㹻ʮöʯ˰ɣ
߼ͷ㹻㹻ˣҪƿٹȵôպУһǰҲǲףﻹСƿѿʺʹãҲȥɣͷˡ
⻰Ҷ˼ԶȻȡƿٹȵͻѿ鿴֮󣬵һлһȥˡ
һѿʮöȡöȥɣʣµĴѾͷȻҪ˵ƫˡҶ˼Զݹöѿһ
һѾ˲ٺôҲƴǣһл˹֪Ҷ˼Զĺ⣬˵ʲôģֻԼΪ֮ſ


ʮ 
һҶ˼Զʯ˺ЩҪĶɺһԸһŸƷļôԼ۸Ҫ֪ɽ뷲ײͬûһԵ涨Ǯҵļֵʶʹõͨκ˶ҪõĶǾʯ
ȻҲ˵ֻʯڹƷŶԷҪƷһԽǰҶ˼Զԭڡ
һεˢ֣һֻԼʶһأʲôʺʲôҩʺʲôʲô÷ãʲôжôļ۸Ƕ٣ȵȲһ㡣ͬʱһоԼһƶϴ⵰Ҷ˼ԶʮöʯԼ⵰㲻ϡ
صУһͳԼӵеĶʮöʯһƿöѿһŵͼһħ޷һСȭͷСһѰöһʮɵ
ʯҩͼǱģ׼ˣϾҪΪƷ׼ħ޷һҲǮֻܹЩķϾԣǿĶ
֮ɫһҲ׼̶ϾҪ׼۸гֺ׳Կġ
ڶգҶ˼ԶͬǰһٴεгϹһȦȻһһղͬհ̯Ļ˲ˣҲ˲ƷҶ˼Զٴλȡ˲ٶգˡ
õգҶ˼ԶǰһһҲ֪ҶҶҲ׼ȥ̯ˣδ㣬ȥԼȥ䣿
һ˼һתȻҶȥ̯ҲûʲôģԼаɣʺϵĶͺˡ
Ҷ˼Զ͵ĵ˵ͷҲãʵʺĶҲһЩҩͷķܸ㵽һɲϵķǾ͸ˣƷһǿġ
һ˵ͷ㲻ʲôƷҲǲķһȻǺܺõġ
ʵõĶǡǵȶɲһܵõġ
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Ҷ˼ԶԵһЦöɢ޺ɼԶǺöʱŪҲͲضˡ
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䴢һԸоһοһˣһ̣һʮöҪ֪ĴСзĵһЩ涼ǻģ൱ڵͽƷġ
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ᴧŰöʯһ˼Ծ࣬ʼ̯ȥһ·һ벻ҪЩʲôֻǹһЩѿšҪ֪ʯܹٽҩҲͬõáѿ㼶ʺϷõĵҩһöѿ£ڷ׵ĻҲ֮
ڽɨһȦһ˼ŷ⼸ŷɲǻֱˮľΪ˻ı仯һŵõǷܹȥһַƵķҲ࣬Ӳá
⼸ŷһűöʯѰҪһ֣һȴ˿ʹϾǿĶֻҪ֮һȦ㹻ıܹķˡ
һ˷Ҫȥʱ򣬺Ȼٽ̯λȴǰһɫתôûмġ
ǰȥ̯λһһŮˣеĸߴΰŮҲΪ
̯λʽæߺλѹⷨ£Щ¿ҼɣŶзģǽ۸ҲֻҪʮöʯ
˹ȥһмʲô£һΪǷķ£Ѱ·˷İˣҪôߵļǮ˵תͷߡ⻰Ҳǰһԣͬͷߡ
һӲޣŮȴü΢˵ʲôһ˼һ۴򿪣ʱ˶˵
磬ҪߺʲôˣǷģ˿ǲõġ
ɵãߺôУвʶ򣬵ʱ׬һŲط˾ȥѿʱҲٺܶ಻ǡҲͲ۸ˡ


ʮ 
⻰һһԭмðαרſ˵ġõһȤϾΪߣ˵Ȼա
ۻûջأֻûе˵ǲõģ˼ȥ˿ô죿
׳ں˵ôˣοⷨҲЩģͨ·ǿ˲أѵԼĶôûģ
ôһ˵öʱ޻˵ˡ
ýôˣ׳ٴߺûʲôǰϾʮöʯԵֵʮˣû˻Ըԩͷġ
ջۣһǹһЦݣĵߵ̯λǰ׳һ˾񣬺С磬һ°ɣⷨµķǶǰսʤ
һüͷһץһ׳״ΪϷæκã
һ֪ʵοϴ𻰣ֻһؿƺҪͨ͸סһʱ䣬׳ҲЩͷˡ㼶ʿӵʯͲ࣬ȻΪһڴֵģڵλѣ㵽ǲǲ͸Ͻ뿪Ҫ⡣
һ̧ͷǺһЦβѵ㲻׼ˣ
⻰׳ɵһ㶣ɫչЦݣšС£һֻҪʮöʯѡˡ
һ˵ⷨµǲĶʮöʯ
ԣ׳ɫٱ䣬ȵԭҳӵģ͸Ͻݵ÷⡣
һǺһЦһĨʮöʯϵһ֪㲻ҳӣ
ʯ׳۾һɫٴα任æˣˣС²ǣⷨǺöһȥԲԿġ
һԵ˵ͷⷨȷʵ·֮עģֻʮֺ棬֪ΰ쵽ģԸ֪¾һ
⻰׳ɫһѿͷ˿Լãã˵Σ
Ůӵ˵ͷλѰɣǵĲˣ˵ȡһСӣ˹ѣƵķȻѣȴЩӣȴҪԼˡ
һ˹ⱡĲӺܿ꣬΢΢һЦʯ׳˱һֽǮһֽˡ˵Ҳһȥˡ
һȥƬ֮׳̯һգŮʧ֪ǲǻһطȥȥˡ
һƷͷ΢ϲԭνµԭӣֻѡȡմȾֲȡ˿̻˷֮·ˡ˶ԣƷѵľڽ˿Ͽ̻ģһһȴǼޱȡ
Ž˿ӣ˿Ϸӣµķ᲻ϵǿղһ·ȫɽ˿ƶɣÿ˿϶ŷģǼԱͼķ¡
뵽һͷһ˷ܣһȷµ·õķֶˣһ£Ҫ׼ܶණϹһȦʮֻϲǣȻɢڷͼϣֲ˿öʯһн˿ߣĻϲĳջȥ
ջǰһҶ˼ԶҲһɼò
һҲˣЩʲôҶ˼ԶЦ֪һûжʯҲһͼҩˡ
һҡͷҲ˼öҩһŷɽǲСҲ֪βܹ׬ȡʯ
Ҷ˼ԶԺǺһЦʯǺö˭ŶӶ࣬׬ȡʯķҲûУɱޣ޲ϻȡֻǲɼɲϻȡҲҩʲôģ׬ġʦʦеģҶһʦܹƳϺõķҲͲ÷ˣԼ׬ȡʯ֪˶ٱء
һҲƵľ飬Ϊݵĵͷͬͬʱ뵽ǽܹͬķĻ¾Ͳʯˡ
룬ű㳯ԻصС
ҹһû̿ʼƽ˿ϾƵҲǻзȴƷĺԡ
ͳһһսѡһˣ»֮ˣзǿƽ˿ǡ
һץһߵһӿȥ


ʮ 
Դһ뷿֮󣬱ʱûг֣Ҷ˼Զѯʹջƹ֪ڣͻɳˡڵյ峿Ҷ˼Զٴһǰûţ֨һŴ򿪣һ˳
ʱһЩƣƺսһӡ
Ҷ˼Զæʵһô£ô㶼ţѵϳ⡣
һҲû뵽һűҶ˼Զ򸾣⻰˳¥лҶģǰҸеΪͻƵĸоŻͻƣջûнҶ嵣ˡ
Ҷ˼ԶһģҲο֮²ؼһʱҪͻȻǺõģѭ򽥽ԺмǲżִħɾʹĲˡ
һԵ˵ͷħǰڽٶҪһȴҪһЩҲħļҲҪСħ׼ħһħȫħͷٲ
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һȻ£Ҷ˼ԶŷһϢ˲ų˿ջȥˡ
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ֻҪٹһձܵõһϺ÷£һȻ⡣洺ĳ˰իȥһʱȴһӺ洫

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˵Цˣ²һɢޣʲô˵֮࣬ǵѿˣ»飬ȸˡ˵ţһתҪȥ
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лǰһܽˣ
һͬصջһԼУüͷ΢壬ʲôҶҲͷҲ


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ԭͷȥ֮ǰȴһ֣Ȥ֮ڷŵĵط档
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һԲ뷿֮㿪ڵСһҪǰ̣ǰͽ̡
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Խɣһһ
ռԴõֻҪɣôԶСɼɢޣԣҵɢ޶ԣȻϺõıˡֻǿϧǣ;˲֪ʶֻõһöǱޱȵġ˵ɽ̶Щп
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һһɺаħ˸̵˽⣬лɽ֮صԼСϵԼ˵ġȴֲɻҶ˼Զɽ̶Ϊףͷȴ쾳磬ξбǱٹȶԵõĺö
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ǰǣϵɻ
ûãҪʲô飬ԼνǼ٣
ϵԻȻһЦˣ˴˶ӣСҹɣ˵Ŵһ㳯βȥ
ϡٵĵطϵصͳһںӵ˹С뿴ǡ
һĽ˹ϸһע룬ȻһڲͬЩƣȼǿһأעĶˡ
ȷˡʵԣһʮּЦˣ֪кҪ³֣̫ΪѣҲֻܷˡ
ϵҡͷѷıˣȻЩӣԲΪѣֻҪ뼸λһͬ±׼һʧֻǻǧҪ˵֮£ϵʮΪѡ
һЦȻǵѻ뽲ɣ
ϵ˵ͷʱġ
һ֮һԼУüͷȻվЩΣ˵֮ĲޣҲСһǡ
֮б߽磬ɺһһ治׼ȥô
һҡҡͷ̣ҪԴһһʵɽ硣Ҷչ˼ˡ


ʮ 
Ҷ˼Զľˣĸ׺͵ܵҶտû⣬ɽ
ɺҶ˼ԶƺЩ⣬Ҷ˼Զȴûиоһ㣬һű֤һл֮Żȥˡ
һȥıɺһΪʲôôˣ
Ҷ˼Զһ㶣Ϊβȥж־ķ
ɺԹҶ˼Զת̾һֹеõˡ
Ҷ˼ԶȴûֻһɻĿ˿޹´˳ȥ
ȴ˵һˣһ·ȥȴԭнֵÿտ࣬Ȼ̯ȴԶԶС֮ʱɼѰʱе
һ⿴˿̯λϵƷѡЩҩͷβĽ䡣
ϵ͵ˣһɫһϲõ׼ʱ
һ˹֣ܵѳļǮãȻٵ˿մϵȻûбȷʵԳܡ
ϵ˵ͷһŵ֪Ѵ˴һпдջ񣿡
һÿɷĵ϶࣬Ī棬ʲôջ񣬲Ǹȡˡֻǲ֪ܵЩʲôʱ
ϵҲü״ǼλΪȽϸߣƢκãӦûЩգ
ڶ˵䣬һһӸ˹ϵ״æӭȥԭŹˣ빫һ£λǡ
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⻰ϵɫһ䣬һȴһ˿ɫֻ΢΢һЦ˿Źӡ
ŹӼԼƵĻûãҲûȤһ֣һŽȳϣۿ
ÿ㣬һûãҺ㻹ûߣͷһ㣬ӦҵĶ᲻˰ɣ
תͷȥһų󵶵ĺ˹˵佫ŵ˻һЩ
ͷǺһЦӭȥ˵ﻰС϶ҿ˿ĹǮأ
䣬һƵҿ˿ĹǮҲ˵ҿ˿ҵĹǮֻһŻɫۣ˹
ͷаΣЦһ˵׳ǻѵӰͷⷬ˵ˮ׼һЩԾ⼴ûпľҲ粻֮ˡ
ͬŮӣŮӶһԽáԽûǽǵˣŹ۲ͣɨ䣬ƺ޲óȥŮһ㡣һ֮ͯŮ֮²ðŶһվһԡ
˵룬ͷϲһЦ㽫˻һͬˡһˣ㼶׳Ϊߣ۷塣һ˵󲻴˵ССѰĽֻҪ̫ٹʿû̫⡣
Уһ·ߣͷŵȴһľҶۼ֮Ѽۣ˵򵥣ȴҲѡ
޵ȼҲΪŸ͵һߵľżӦħľŸ㼶ľҶһޣΪСĴڣѰľҶһֻͨ˶ԸˡʶֻҪ֣߳һ±ɱһƬСĳȴҲǿһ棬Ǿޱ޼ʵĳ溣ն֮ɱ֮ĳ޳ǰʱ򣬱˵ͬߣٸһҲֻǱӴܡ
ȻͷȴľҶֱսֻȡɵķʽľҶ䣬Ȼȡ˷뿪Σ˵Ҫٺܶ࣬һϵúãҲûлġ
һ·ϣ÷ǰһкԶеһɽͷϣͷͣϢʱŹӿʼҽ÷˽ʱŪԼļǱһ·Ūûͣ
ʿıȥֻһһǵڵؿʼָȻһ˼һоʲôԾĵط̽ۿ
һ۵෬֮ٲǵΪΧ֮ڿɨӣǿԿƵڽɵķΧ֮ѡԵļӣԼȻ󷨻ǱķǾͻˡ
ɨ˷Բ֮û⣬׼ջߵʱ򣬺ȻֲԶҽǲڳʲôĩǷĩ䵽ϱ㻯һ󵭵С
һͷһãɫݻ¶ߣͬʱסĹ۲ΧһС


ʮ ͷ
һ׼˲ʮҽñݷŹӺȻһֻڷɳĻʱһͣǱס͵һȣȳһ˿Ѫ
⵽ô£ŹӾ
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ŹԻûüش𣬱˵ڵأͷѵ˵жң
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⻰ɫ䣬Իű㣬ƥ򣬾Ұǣ
ϵںֳһһױɹס˶˽һ֮˵סȴ˿ɼ˵Ҳ˶
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ڴʱһúѾ̶ʮɣһͿ˽룬һֻץҪ֡һ׽뵲½һֱñģ˴˽̵ʵˣȻһ档
תͷȻˣĿʱȴһڹԱ˹ֱһһ֣ǾɱõͬʱڹУǰ֮˾ȻΧκԡ
һ͵һҧһ䣬˹ȥҲʧȥɱֵĻᡣڹ޹Ҳವ˻ȥһæſۣʱɫһ䣬ƬҲͣԶԶ˿ȥ
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ͷһͣҲһ䣬ֳЦȻ㲻ˣҲǸϷҽʡʱ䣬Ϸ󷢴ȱһʹİɣ
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ͷԲΪܷΪٵЦˣҽɱˣ˭֪ԴСˣ˵Ҳǣ
һ˵ǷҪɱҲˡ
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һܹ侲ͷȴЩˣۼһƵʿȻסķɽʱûеطңһϷһ䡣
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ͷЩӦ䲻ֻˣذȴͬƹ֮棬˦֮ͷ۴УٻɽȴҲûá
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һĻڵصһɫ䣬ſ֮һѪȵζȻʲôħޣ
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Уһ֪ôõģ
ͷƬ̣¸ЦͷͦģȻջ㣬ɣҲҵģôģǾͲܸˡ
ԭˣˣ˵Ҳǰһˡ
⻰ͷòԾʱռ˾ƣﺦһ㷭¶һ̵Цݣˣ֪ô࣬ҲϷŴˣԹɡ˵ű㳯һȥ
һǰһԶͷֱ̧һڹһͷ­˲䣬һƹһüĴ֮ܳƾγһǽžһǽͷƣϺڹҲʱ֡
ףзСӲǻôôз


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һһЦżأһ䣬һ׹ɳһ˲γһֱ̧㳯ͷŴȥ
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ûʲôܣɣһ͵һ̣ԾһĻˣǽͷţȻֻǴһƤȴٲܽ롣
ͷЦһСӣⷨĵ뷲׵൱Ϸħ壬ɣ˵˫һٳϣٴλƳһ
һ״æĶа˵ҷֻųǽ赲ͷǰȻֵܵһȴҲ䶯˴Ϣʱ䡣
СӣܹʩչзȻԳ൹ҲˣֻҪץס㿽ʳȻô˵ͷ̧ͷ
һ״˺󣬽٣ǽʹãͷסץסԼ˾һ׷һӣ˲֪ԶȻһоŵķɽһãȻͷ׷Լֿʼʹɽˡ
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ɽһһڼϵԽζʱһһͷֱֽץ˸ǹһѪڡ
һһҧһѪȥ˺ѷεʹֻüʱҪʡڴʱ̨֮Զܳһӿȥʱһ֮±㽫ѪƳ⡣
ͷһСӹȻ죬ϷԽԽõˡ˵⻰һͬɫǼŮһ㡣
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ͷһæ֣Ȼ;ĩ·ˣҲ⣬ڹ⳯ذ״ȥڵءʱ仯ͻذʮԳ̹
ףʲôȻ˰СϷóۣͷںһ֣һƬڹ⽫ʮȻһһƬ䣬ʣʮҲԶȻһ͵һɳڶ⳯üĴ
СϷͿˣɣͷΪƼıһЦĽ
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˽ľ룬Ϭķֻ֮ڣͷаյ£аֻˣŵͭƤҲҪݺݴһ£ǰȻʮңֱĿϾӣ֪ζԸˡ
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ͷʱҽУһרħʿɷϢʱ˳һ˽ľöᡣ
ģҪƤʬΣ
ΪʲôħʿһڣѵͲܻʵġһͷֹţôһϼѵʱοϷŹһĨһµذץУһ㳯ͷ˹ȥ
ͷ类˶ദнѪֱ֮ܶæתѪǰȥأʶһ˹ȴǲ⶯
ҪҰƤҽվ͸һ˶ϣ˵һһذףһ֮УذҫλεĽһӱ㳯ͷȥ
㣡ͷ˫ֱֱһ
һǹһЦݣ


ʮ Ա
ذ֣һ߶ʱǧָ֮п˺ѵıһ˺һУ߸ֵĳгͷ̨֮еΪһ˲ĸоһ˿ı仯
ʱһֻʱռ˲ֹͣˣк֮оȻ֮Ϊľͻأĳͷ
ȥɽȻسưԣδı仯ȻһȻΪӣţУζᣬʩ価ǣ
ת֮ʱһͷһ·Ļʵ壬˳ڱ仯̨֮С˲Ǿתһ飬һֻ̨֮йȻһЩ仯ƺ̨ΪΪŨĵطһЩᣬʲôȴʮãֻܰоƺĶûĲ֣ǰսʤıҶͬϺ
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һȴȻһ˿Ծڴŵǰһ̣Ȼͷ֮в׽һеĶǼ򵥵¶̬һ˿뷨ȴģĶ
һ˿棬һоʵʵڵΣУǱʲôԤжΣУƺڤڤ֮һֻڽͷͷ뷨ǣ뷨ȴԸ
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һͷʱ׷ףЩòˣϾ˲Ϣ֮䣬ɵԥ
Լĸо
˾ɫĿͷذҲƲĴ˹ȥڴ˲䣬һ͵Ĺ˫ţһɡ
һĻͷɫʱһ䣬ԭͳ޼ӣ仯֮ȴûһĻͣǸ˫۳ѪҪۿ
ΪʲôΪʲôͷƺķ񣬴
һ״ʱ֪ԼѡȻ֪ᷢʲôȴҲٴԶԶԶĿذЩ̷ͷš
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Աһ״ͷһȻôһӽɻǱħŵ伮濴ģǲаħʿǿҲΪҵһһԪѪѪħħԪһ˲佫ͬ˺ֶΡ
ֶαȺķѾѪԪΪֲһ޷Χ֮ڣΪǿһ㼶Ҳˣͬڣû൱ĻǾͬھˡ
һˣԼԶ֣¾ذײ˲ԱˣԼΪܲͷ
ͷ뵽һһ̾ȻѡٻȫѪһŲ฽һͱƣͬȼͰһ㣬ҪɢȥȴҲˡƴĿڷܶѪҰջء
ҲİԹް䰡ͷǲģǶһԹޣ֮ʱޱȼ˵ʱ꣬Ǵʱħ·ȥһϺõħ
һ״ͷûһ˿⣬ЦҲ㣬ܽɱѵһôŰɣ֪ܿĽˣ
ͷ˻ԽԽСԽԽɳƣʱţƤ˺֮ȴһƿڳͷؿڣıһ챬죬һǿͷΪĳӿȥһ״æһôһ㡣
ʱһڹӱըķԿͷסɡ
ͷҪʱ򣬺Ȼһ˿εһüĴವһͷûһų֮̈УûعʱһһıҶͷѹ£㽫ȥˡһ⣬ƹȥûϢ
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ʮϢ֮󣬴ñը̳ɢȥһܱһһĴһʯԼֵֹĶЩȻͷԼղˡ
һ֮ͷһܱٻʮö룬бǰļذףЩһһķˡ𵱳ȥ֮ʱ׼ˣû뵽ϲ¶һЦ


ʮ 
һͷжһ飬еĶУеҲв٣ĴڣǲһΪӵĶ
ϵ壬ħ޿ڿ˵ģȴϣ˿Ȼϵˡ
һţ̾ȥϵ֣ǿܹɵ֤ͨɾûˡ
һöѿ֮һȡһذԦݶԭ·ϻȥʱ䣬ڸϻԭأʧǣԭس߱ѹεĸɸɾʬ⣬ٲӰһԼħ޺ķѵʱ̫ϵ˿ˣǵԼõĵصȥˡ
ĸԣõʧۣ֮һ̾Ϣʱ˲ãڴ˴ȴҲǰ취ֻ۷лȥ
ʱͬУطȴεӰ̶̵ֻ;ʹһɵļոһ˽⡣
صУջ仹ûеڣȻԻȥס¡ڴսãһҲһ
ȻΪһսһоԼ̨˱仯ƺһͻƵ
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һһ飬תǧŰپʮŻصʱǸ߾̨֮У·һеıҶ͵ӿһ̨֮СǱӿʱˮɽһѸ
һֻһ˿֮İоͷ·ڤڤ֮һЩĴ̨֮ϷŹԣԼ
£һоԼޱȵСԷǰΰֻҪԼԼϣܹõǵıӻõǴﵽߵĲΣһΣҲνġ⡱
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ź֮ʮСһȴӣ־䶼͸ĵףе뷨ϡ
һҲӰҾң죬أη𣬴ڽ£ʩᣬ޿ҶԵưԵ
һ𽥱Ǳʮΰ͹ӰȥһõӰ̨֮ϣȻһӰȴûףϸţûף׾ȻһԼ
ң
һͷȻ죬͵Ĵ̨֮˳ĿǰƬ֮ٳ̨ʱһ룬ǸӾ˲١
֪Ϊߣȴûдﵽ⡯оԼûнЩĪһ£Ĳ˵Ǵ˵ǲԶʩˣǶΡҡĻǷԸ
ʵһ֪ǣԼ޵ĵһҲǳɾ̨롰ʱ򣬾йƵֻǵʱǻ˯ȥ֪ˡ
һڣΪҲˣŷѾȥʱ⣬ַһöѿ֮ſʼջ
öʯһʲС룬ʮʽķԿӦǽӶЩһʮֿء
ᣬħһҲûʲôôһ嶾ע⡣
嶾潲һЩĶҩãЩҩ˵ǿǿ˵ҲܹԸʿҲܶѰʿ𵽻áҽʩų˷ĶҩϣɢʹõĶﵹǲѰãֻ΢ЩӰˡ
һ˼һȻսԱٹȲʿҲֻм֮ûл֮ˣ˴ͷýֲ˺ȥʶһЩҲԼǿʱһֶΡ
Ʒ֮зһȴǷһЩƿƿ޹ޣҩĩ϶ЩͷƺõģȻǿҲʹñٹʿת裬ҲǲˣȥһƵ鷳
ˡ嶾⣬һһɹɷһȽ⹦͸Լ൱ֵ󡣶ҡѾֹˣûбҪġ


ʮ ණ
һڶණűķǷɽһ֣֮պ⣬඼˻ȡʯöʯˣҲż֣˵˵ȥЩǡǷҲͰˣɽ棬˭֪᲻鷳
ķĹ⣬Ǽ财ġ֮Ȼ෷ĶƷѰҪͱû
˵ͼ֮һѡһ򡣳б㳯ȥС֮ڶҲȥˣʱǱȽϰȫġ˰·̣ϵϡ
һЩ֮һܿһұ꣬һٽ룬ʮذףһʺϵ˸˵ʱһŷ֣ԼͷûͨеǮңȻһЩȴЩˡ
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ϰ嶥һȦû˯ãȴмʶˣһֱ㿴һĲһ㣬˲ǻ͡
һϰģǲᡣ΢΢һЦȡһöʯϵҲռˣⶫϵòϵãϵþȥǸǮˡ
ʯϰʱ۾ԲˣץһŻֵ̿ĶһûʦС۲ʶ̩ɽʦǡ
һ֪ԷԼݣҲǷծǮ쾭壬˵ջǲհɣ
ϰ˶Ҳ˾һһƢæʯ֮󣬽ǰȥðԸһҪõЦŵʦݹ٣Сԣʦ裬Ƭ̹
һҲȥ裬Ȼʱ䣬Щȫ׼
һһϼѣǱȵԼɽĶֺȻݱ¶ҲΣһĨ㽫ڶණ봢֮УҪȥ
һ֣ϰͬƹƶԾѣϰһתʲôע⣬æǰ򵹣ʦ
һüͷһ壬㲻ǺţҪʲôģѵгңҪҸˣ
ϰԽһͷҡø˹һ㣬ýʦ֪Сл֣Ǳ̻ͼ壬̣ް鷸ƣռкв֮ҹҹŮŪղʳҹиǼȮ
һ˴֪ʲô˼ˣæֹסΪβЩнŵԣ
лֳ̾һɳ֪ԴӴ֮ұܱʮسͣĵʿж಻ʤûһܹǶˣмðʿ㶪һ˸ǰۼСŮսݣ׵ģʹļװռɳŶɳ֣СŮֻҪɳԸ⣬ԸҲɳƽ֡
һԶл־Ů֮Щж󲻽Цϰ壬ҲüҲİɣ
лһ㶣˵ͷǣѵ
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лֲɵˣŻȻæץסһ·ɳȱȾСŮлȻûʯȥȡɳԸ⣬лһд֮ϰ
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һ˼⣬ЩʿණͷܻģԼ߾͸ˣһһЦұ־ˡ
⻰л϶ʱ棬ͬϻͯһ㣬ЩСǰϯһǰȥ硣
һǲҺЩʱûж̻ʳҲЩɵĵһ󾳽ҪöľʶԴȲ侫Ҳһ;ˡ
ϯ֮ϣһԺţҲл˵ණԡǶҹ֣ûͷԵıлСķУȻһˮԶȥҲֻǱҲᷢŭڵһСð
һֻЩֹ󣬰ԼֶΣϣлִԼصңҪһƧķ䣬׼κš
ν£һҪԼ׼㹻ķеġ


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ڸɽ֮ҵһѨһУͷһ㽫ͨʹΪߣͨǿһݣ˲ʱʮ֮ڶУ·紵ݶӲĶĿ
һ׹Ժǽ˽һͷһϸȥȴǰ޵һţЩ꣬С˴룬β͡
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һʶٵĵطˣǻߣȻҪǺ꣬Ǻ֮ߣ׳ƺ꾫˵֮б仯Ů˵ľⶫ
Ҫ֪ͬɹ㻽ɵɣħħձгɵı㻽ޡɡħ޳Σ죻ͬܵԣǵôﵽ߼ޣҲ൱ɵķ񾳽ܻûΡ
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ﲻͬһرĵطǱÿһ㣬һβ͡β൱ڱٹȣβǴ˾硣ǰβĺ꾫ȻһĴˡ
һҲǲ֪߲ηͷѾʼζԸͷβˡʱβһ뷿Уʱзһ׹
ޣȻСүƤӵµóѣҸģ˵Ҫȥ
һЦС꣬㼸£û뵽ȻΪӵˣҵһϣн𵤸ȣǲܽѵġ
һֻЩ죬͸ԶԶֿܹģʶֻСĽͨųһȥ
һۺɫӰһУֻһɣͷôԭŮӲǱˣǵһٳ֮ͮŮ֮еħŮƷơļǵŮ˵ǼԦ籷еֶΣһĺѡ
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üһ⵽ô£һһĻŪЩˣʶ￴ĳ


ʮ Ժ
Ȼ֮ܶһΪħŮˣȴлִżҶˡ
ʦʦʦ㻹ôǶûУлԲ
һһЦⷲ˻֪ηԼֻҶȥҳȻԼŻԸ飬¶һЦźǽɣǶˣ
һĻлֲŸҴżҶ˽ȿ˿ڴϰ˯лСȻͬܵһǰæݵлʦȣС϶м
һ͵˳費ĵزȻ²ûʲôϵȥҲýͣϾܶ಻֪ģοͳˡ
ʱһֻһë׵Ķڣֱӳ·ȥⶫСʲô
һɫһ䣬һãæ׼һңκš
ͻأı仯лҲ֪ʲôʦȻˣθҲӣæ˽һʰһ˽ȥ
һңæȥֻСſϣֻһС۾
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һһֳ̧Сץȡ˭֪СޱȵĻϲܹͣȥܹץҲץסһ߷ߵʱ򲻾οԼҺÿýǵýҲץСꡣ
ڰΣһҲˣüͷһ壬һϴ𣬺ܿȫ𣬽Сŵǽܹȥ
ûȻЧһͷһЦСһ㻹ţŲСүҽճɿꡣ
СƺһĻһ౽вͣһ˫ǰצæſڵϣͬһ㡣
СԣһͷʱҲ˵ޱѱ顣
Ҫ֪ɣħǷˣǽԼΪ鳤гɵʿﶼΪ˶Ϊ˶ȡĶһȴͬǳ֮⣬ܹĴڡ˶ŷ࣬ı뷨ʶ㲻ɻħ˶ո뷨ʶ˱ո໽ޡ
֮һոĹ϶Ϊұ۵Ĵڡһ޵ʿʵͬʿһءʶѰʿϣõһֻʺϵޡ
Сԣһո˼ϧǣո޵ַֻ֪ѧ˷ѱ޵ֶΣͳһöѿ׸С㣡
ǰһ̻ǻϣȻͻǶӣС굹Ӧĺܿ죬ǰ㱧Żѿ
ѿ˵ССҲָͷ󣬶Сһ㣬Żѿһų꣬˫۵һƺһöѿһ״Ҳģץһöѿ˹ȥС껶ϲסѿֳ
㣬һιʮöѿСͣĻϲĴȥʱĻһϣǵĲһӡ
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һֹ̽ץдšɷĲӷСǰ
СⶫȤҳķȥСûʲô
һ״Цû뵽Ǹһôء
Сõһ˵ʲôֻһطһ޷ҲֻÿЦȻͷһ뵽Լ޷żûҪҲûѪħҪֻһΡ䡯ɵͻȻ㲻ѧҲԽ㰡ɲУħУǾ͸޷ˣ޼ȻɣħȻ޷ˣֻǲ֪ʱӦôУѵ𣡡
뷨һɣ˵޷𹦷һУ²ûбҶºѳɹʶҲ׼ſڱ㽫䡯
⡮䡯˵ȴ̶̰֣һǴһԵ뷨еģҲһгڡʮֵʱ鲻ɵׯ˫Ŀϣ촽Щ΢һȻ붨״̬
˵붨һеġ䡱ȴûͣÿÿһ㽫̨֮еһΣÿÿһαüһ˿Сȥ
ǱıСһС䡯֮󽥽ԭأ㶵һ֮͸һ˿־壬ƺŵĲһǿһԶŵĴһ㡣
š䡯УСп־彥ɢ֮Ϊһ͸ų羴ƽͣƺ⾭֮ʲôһ㡣


ʮһ 
䡷Ҳһ֣Ȼһ붨֮ûվˡ
һһƤһ˫˫ŷͬѰɡ˵Ҳ֣һƪģÿÿһ򣬶гЩͬζֻоģģһʱ֮俴һ֪ԼûеҲǿ
ǰſڵСһһǷȫоȥˣ³Ծĳ̶ȾͲֹˡ
Сʮѱſڵϣ˫΢գƺڳ˯ƺڳ˼һͷһӶָͷ˵Ǽ䡣Сʱ˫һһӶһ·׽ݵһ㡣𷽲ιʳѿ֮ıȴԶԶߵһ̶ˡ
ޡһʺȻһͷðһƣЦǱѱޣ
ƺһ˼Сվܵһȱ߲ͣĥ䣬ǵѱС졣ϸһСüľȻһСɫƤëѩ׵Ƥë֮Եʮֺгƺһ㡣
һɫëƤһ˼ʲôͨëƤλúǸо͸Լ̨ͬһ˼ô˼һת뵽ӦԼǡ䡷ЧˣΪʲôг˸⣬˲佫֮ѱҲǲ֪ġ
һ֪ǣ̨֮ǱҶһССӰССӰʲôĶһ鶯˰ٱ˰ٱһССĺһ޶СӡǣһӡǣһԶƿСꡣ
ȹϵͻͬһֳ걾Դľ磬ǿȵһһһΪΪһ顣ȻЧѭ򽥽ģһʱ֮һ˿Ĳꡣ
ոС꣬ͬʱŴ˳ȥһͷǻϲСƤëЦȻңܲССĽ㣬ȡ֣޵ͽСװɣСף
С֣ʮֻҲǵһͷĴת̨֮езʩչзС궺Ū
һһ꣬໥һһʱ࣬ȥʱ򣬺Ȼͷӿ죬ͷһ㽫ͨųȥʱʮ֮ڣͬСֻһ׹Զֱӳܹ
ǣ
һһ׹βϵãǰñħŮƷ׷ܵʲôô
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Ȼ׹ǰ˺ܶ࣬һ̽ǿͷֻܵͷüһûƹҫȴ˶ʱһǽڰ׹ܹķɣһæǵҵķűȥ
ٶѸޱȣ͵һ±гһǽñ㱻ͻˡ
ֵһ̣һоһɱԼӿֻҪԼڷ
Ȼһ״һУзԣЩ֣ӵֶҲЩϤ벻𵽵ʲôˡСӣתͷ˵ʲôˣ
һԣ֪ΪΪ⣬òתͷֻͷԼ뿪Ƿ֮ء
תͷ˲䣬ֻһƬƵŮվǼεĳƮɢŽؼڵһͯҲõѪˡϸȥŮʮֽһ㣬һ˫˿۸ǹޱȣüǣ촽һ֮ʶò
ǵɫۣŮӾһŮ֮еĵһ欵ĺƷƺ͵ѩ˰ֻ֣ʲͬҲ˾ԱȽϰˡǡʾΪһ㡣
СӣҺÿôŮӴƺŹǵЧ
һͿˣ˫ֱ㶵ĶŮӣ⻰ʹͷ̨֮ӿһ˿صԺ֮С͵ҡҡͷȥٿŮӡ
Ůһףôܶһ쾳СʧЧԲܰ
һͷһҲ֪һŮӱʹȻԴﵽĿĵģֻ⣬ŮӾͶ֮Ȼһ㷢ɢȻΪҲ˷ˡ
һзԽתͷŮӣüͷ𣬵
Ůû뵽һȻԼ»ʣͷȴûһĸоȻĵ˵ͷ˵ĲҾ߹ĴڣɽѪ


ʮ 
һҲû뵽Է˼򵥱شԼʻȻɽʲôҲںܹġӦþǺɵĲˡɽӦþǺڵĵط˰ɡ
Էش˵һ⣬һȻŹᣬѰκһܵʵɽΪʲôطǺƷƶˣ
ɽйһҺһѰҵʥɽʧʷĳ֮ˣҲҲˡʧġ
ǹһǳĿЦ𷽲ŹĸӶʮ֣һͷһֱѣûбȥ
ʧأҵļҲЩˣǺƷħŮȻϳѪҪΪˡ
һΪͬĵ˵ͷ˵ǺߵѪУ涼һʮֶĴڡ˭˶Ϊޣѱһǿ
ʱһЦȻһУ̧ͷȥЦЦĿԼŵĵ·һ㣬СܵܣӲʮɣʲôȻֵܵҵýһĸоһûʵĻȴ׳ôණܸ˵˰ɣ
һͷһ֪ĻҪʲô˵ģһĨһ󣬱һڹɳֱֱĳȥ
״ɺĽЦţֳ̧ڹһڹ⻪ɢȥָһɽС
ɽȻƷһ㣬һ˿ħϢ棬һ쾳羹ȻӵзܹʩչʵˣȶԸһǲһġСܵʲôģʩչԣ˵ҽأ
赭дı㽫£һͷŨŨҪ֪Ƿ˵ҲǿʹˣǳرҶĵڶ󱣻㱻¡
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һ˹ţһϵ㣬СܽһǷ֮ɵģý˵ʲôģֻڿһɽҳһЩЩǽʲô뷨С˫ַϲǣǧҪСܵǡСεûʲôֻǲԸ˽覵Ӳǡ
һ˿ڣҲ˿ԾƺȻ飬һЦܵССͱ˻˵֮ҲǻԴĸְɣ˰ˣҲǸ˵ӣֻҪ㽫гͷ߾ˡ
һ¶һ˿Ц⣬æڻһץһʯЩ伮һɬĵ㣬һˣСΪǳҲȡ
ͷ΢ϲҪ֪ܹԶڵıǷһһ˿ǵԪӤ౦˵Ϻõıˣû뵽ȴһëͷСϲš
ɫ䣬ǰ˸߶֮Գáվ⣬һǰЦû뵽СܵϻȱǽҾԶҲҪһСŪĻɢɾͲˣ
һͷȴʵ죬Ӧ㰴ͷһĵϢ飬ʶЩͷһ뷨ǣɣɱңҿ㣡
ȴ˵ԽԽȴһͬһ飬ܿҵӡǵڡһӡǣǹһ˿޵Ц
˵һһͨˣ»治֣ϾлôҲûɱˡɲɣһʻʱ¶ʶƷƵƷƿĴУ˴κòӵһϢ¶ȥ鷳ʶûѯһƷ֮Ĺϵ뷨ɱһ˰˵ġ
׼һһӡĥʱ򣬺һǰǽ֮ƺʲôޱȵ
ˣȡɣ˵ڽɱˣ±Ҫˣǲġ
ţ㳯ǽȥ˲ԶһƬƵĵطÿһ˿صζһţȻ֪ķ̨ڷ֮䣬̨֮дһѰĴֱʡҲǷ޵Ļֺڡ
ʲôСӵʲôôȴڣΪʲôоϤƺģЩƣҲˡˣǼɣ
ڴʱһ쳹̨̧ͷȥֻһҫĽ֮УһƬҶȽȽ


ʮ 
ⱴҶͷϲνıˡҾļԶԶԪӤô򵥣һ鱦Ĵڣǿ
뵽ͲȸԾи鱦ƷҲǺ޻ֻܱ֮ˡ
һ屾˼ƻ֮ˣϸϸܱ߻˸ȷЩȻ棬˵ǱȲԼСĵĳǱҶȥ
ɵҶԱߣǽɫâϣֻůģûһ˺ƺԼΪʩչطܵҲڻָ
һʲô棬һҪõ㣡
ֳǱҶȥûһ˿谭ûһѣޱȵıҶ㱻ץСűҶһӰ֪ʲô˼ֻǱҶԭȾеĶ
һɹϢӱҶ֮ǰʵ壬ûһ֮ͣУۿɼһ֡ȥץϢץȡղ֡
ףʲô棬ǿ󣬺ôоҲϤƺǰҲӴֻɼǲˡ
ɻʱ򣬱ҶһССӰϸȥӰˣһССĶ׼ȷ˵һֻССĺꡣ
״һ˫۵ɵüֱˣһͲŵĿСӰܣԲܣ
Ծ֮Уƺʲôŵʧ֮һĻţһץҶҪ̨ȥ
Ҫɳ̨ʱ򣬱Ҷ϶ʱӿһȵĸоĽַſ
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߽ҪҶץסѾˣҶ˲һɻ̨룬͵Ĵ߳һɽ⳯
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Ҫٴһ֮еʱֻһ΢һ·洫
ౡ
ʱһѵֱ㶵Ķһؿڴܶ·һ˿ϣ͵ǳϡ
Ȼûʱ䣬ŵĿһССë׵ССʲôСƺûһ״ϱһĲӣֺ֮Ա
״һУ״ĳһȥֻһͷǱǽ˺顣
ǻֺõСŤͷǸоԼ˵ɱ⣬һë׵ŭ⣬ȫƤë𣬱ë׵Եøһë

С꽫Сһţг˰ûڡʧͷŭһжˣոմһͷ㻯һŰ͵ĴСڡ
СȴǺһ㣬ЩκһϻεʱһתϵС꣬һѽץԷȥų濴ȥﻹӰ
ѱҶȡ˰ɣ
һæڵأ̨֮У̨һʣɻӷɶһԣǱҶһҫ̨Ϣͷš
ҾñҶˣ֪νô
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뵽˴һصĶʰһžͳߣȴӭЩҶغ棬һæȥл֡
лּһϲͬ׵һ㣬Ҫϯ˵ҪΪһһþܾ
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һƴǣȴȻоǺ͸һ˿Ҫ֪໥𵴣Ӷ˺ĶȻɬȴʵʵɡ
뵽һһҲƴǣ봢֮бȥˡֻ֪ºлֹΪãնħĹ£ʢ


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ȴ˵һлңҲֱУԶ·ɽҰһ󡣹źƷҵ˴һƬյأ۲ûΣգϢͣ
С·ͳڳ˯һŵһߣóлҴ֮
д򿪣һͭ棬޵һ벻⾹Ȼһ֮
ͭץУһ˿ΣǷǴ˵֮еķȻ΢ȲϣԿɣ
˵ţһת֮ͭУֻ֮ͭһ͵ı㽫עˡͭа㷴Ӧ
˼ſ̫٣һҧҧ͵Ĵ߶ӿһͭȥɲ䣬ƺһһ춼
ף˵ǷǱɽעЩҲöһͭȴǲʹʾñʾѵһǷ
һ뵽ͷЩϲϾͷȼĴڶǸ߲ʵĶЩˣ˵ܿʹ÷ĻǷǾ治ܹתˡ
ˣˣһȻΣգħŮҵĴڣվΪģҲ֪ˡοһͷأ
ţһתͷǷСĵطֻﻹʲôС꣬һһ˿ҵŮһı飬ֱϧѡ

һһæ뵽ԼǧټƶܵȻԼǰ
һĻչˣǽõߺĵչһǰ
ٴԵòһͷô˵ҲǸְÿγֶ·ѵ嶼ô
Ҳһкһһֳŵ潫֧һԼḧһЦСܵܣּˣôõôԾô
һóԹɫ㿴ȻºͣȴʮᣬǷ۵һ˿֪ȻԼûʲô뷨ġ
öԷԸ˺ƤһҲƵԭ㣬ͻȻСȻԾˣֻǲ֪ΪС˴
һЦǰȻҪˣ֪ܵԸӦô
һͷһݣȻʲô£ȴһЦ˵ЦˣСܲССʿֻȷǿôһ㣬νʲô黹˰ɡ
һΣһЦŵģѵһ㲻ɣ˵ˣ¾ܰ쵽ģ³֮ôˡ
ôһͷЦԼҲ˵뵽ҹȥֻæֵʲôǾ˵ˣ̫ˣСֽܿ˾סˣð˽ǴĲá
࣬ȴҲչֳȻһ˿ӡһû˵⻰ܻξã⻰һȴеһ˿⣬ͷЩգֽ۹ڵһһڵû뵽СܵͲɫĻС⸱˻û㿴ôǡ
¹ŮһЩŪˣû뵽Լ˵˵ȴǵ㷴ӦҪ˵ȥûôɵֵ̬ȿƺЩҲǲܶˡ
뵽ԣһĳһֵСܻ£ҪһͺϢɡ˵ű㳯ȥ
״ɫһţһ
һȻ̤˵һﻹϻæĽȡҪݶԶԶӿ
СӣӣɣŴӵȥֱһ
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𣬸һͷ˿Ϲƺһ㲻õϷĵϷҲЩ⡣
ǧ˿
һǽ˿Ȼһͬһ㳯һ
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һͷŭȣֱ̧㽫뾡ɫһ˲佦𻨡
˿ǧһĽȴ٣ֵܵȫɰǧĺ˿ͳһһͷ
ڴʱۼһҪһ͸ˣһУ˿͵˻ȥ


ʮ 
һߣһȥֻڿͷڷ͵˻ȥǿס
⵽ô£
һȻͷɻ󣬲ҪǶġΣԼܲ˵ģǴʱٲ֣ȵָľԼˡ
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һִһץ룬һ͵һ㣬ݶ𣬳նɱȥ
Ҳ֪ƴʲôһɱŨŨɱ⣬͵һǣһСͷһ
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һͻȥˣҷǷ˿Ӵʱ򣬱㷢Щ˿ȻǿҲǱȷǿһ㣬ԼϵǷ»ܹסġ
Ҳ׼ֵɷ˿ϣһɴһؿڣ˲ؿʮƹ˲㽫Ƿ˿סôҲжȥųɣһɶһ㼶˵ǿܹ͵ġ
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ߺһһֽȥ˷ȥ
ڴ֮ʱסЩ룬ҵĻӶȻʮö룬ȴҲ©öϡ

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һһ߿Ž볯룬һ߻ӽҪֵ֪ģ۵ƤȴĽ뵲סֻһٲܽȥͬʱǽ֮ԴһȴԽԽˣҲֻܻ֪ûʲôôҪֵ

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һһ߷ŷһ˺󣬲ǵ±ѵֻץǷɽУûбնϣǿǿ
еԽԽصһͷԽп಻⿴ŮӣȴǿȵزݣͱٹڵʵҲͨˡ
Ҫ֪ԣӼѣɡħҪһĻν٣ܵõͨ޸Ҫ´ĥǧҲж
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ƴ֮һһ˫צʱˣæɣ͵һǰһɫüӡѨ
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һͷһãæ·ɽڵأĿʼ䡷ʱһƺ˻֣ǹâ䣬ɵ߽Χס
ҪˣҪ
Ъ˹ĺ˫צȥͷһ䡷еĸӻ죬һһ³ɫׯ£·̨֮Ӱһ㡣
ֵġ䡷ĽŰתһ˿˿ɫͶȥƺҪһ롣
ʱ췢һͷ˿ϾȻŰɫë׵Ķϸȥȴ䡣͵ˤڵأβصһҲİװ׵ë׵βͷ˿Ҳ仯ɫĳ
һ䡷һЩб仯ɵóһˣǺ꣬Щ仯ҲǻָΪı԰ˡ
ȻһԼոСʵͰԴ⣬СȻйϵģȻҲ鶯˵ʲô߹Ѫ֮ҲԼС걧һ˿ڴ
Сʲôϵȴ֪ˡֻ뵽һӵܳΪԼһͽסϲ


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һһֹȴ˵ڵϣԽ仯ԡ˿ȫת֮һɫ⻪ౡɫ⻪֮д

һʱڵɫ⻪ɢȥʧǰƴСѩɫСԭأһĿﻹ
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СȫëֱһŵһСɿɰӱҲײġ
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С꣬Ȼոޣ͸˵ĻһҲģͳһöѿСǰһΣС۾ֱת
Сҡҡͷſڱǰһ޶㾹ϷŪң˵ʲôΪʲôģ
һһ㶣׼ҲеԽָĵЦ
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һԵɣǰΪʲôÿÿ˹ؼʱ̣ܻ裬ӦþǱոһˡ뵽ͷֱ̾ģһҲԵĸеԼˡԼ˻ոС꣬Ѿͷˣﻹʲôˡ
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ջأðſԭصһһȻǺոģոҲǴôˡ
ǰţһһʱҲѲ͵صʼͷĬ䡷ָ


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һҲԼ̨֮óĽǣƴʩзͨһ죬ɡӴ̫⣬ǱҶĲ䣬Ĳꡣ
ͻȻĳɵҲɵøоУͷ䡷ͷĬ֮󣬱㿪ʼ붨ˣҲ֪ȴԤϲġ
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ƺʶ棬ΪĴڣΪ޳ܵĴڣûԵɲɱˣҲԼֵ뷨ԣֻã֮ΪĴڡ
񣬿ǰӣǲʮӣͷһЩ΢
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̧۳ȥֻ͵ĳһ£ʮֽĿԼһЦôСףѹˣûкһЩһöѿô˵ͳһöѿ˹ȥ
״мҡҡͷװģҲŲҪʩᡣ
һȻûǰɱֻǡ䡷ˣһЦ㣬ûϵȻСһ壬ԺҾͽСױˣҪԱҲ˲ٰɣҲֻлѿˣٸ߼һıٹȵͷʱûУȻصٸһЩˣ
ƺҲûжСַֻǱͷȥûΪʲôٹȵܹңҿʲôöûԵİ𵤳Ե̵ҶԹߣ
һһ̵ǺöǼ۸ʮٱڱٹȵһöȡĻѿ㹻Ժþˡаең̵ѱҲҵ١һڵˮƽʵ˵Եõġ
㾹ȻܹŪ̵һզ
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һָܿ㱻Ʒ׷ǣ
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һԲɸ򲻹Ʒƣȴû˵ģϾҲǳ˼ʶ
СƺʲôƳһһۣħŮȷʵͷһ鱦˿籣δȻǶ֣öطû취ʩչȻҲֲʲôһϣǵýʩչ˫ܽ
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Сײ˵ʲôǵûвСĺôлҹ˼Ҫ˰ɣ
һһҪֵ֪߳ļʵС˶޳쾳磬ܹΪߣʩչ˿²֮һ˵Ѫйأ˵컷йأվûеóû뵽Сôһڱƶ˵ôһ飬һֻȻͬ


ʮ 
лοɲһĿǷΧ֮ڣ˼䣬ȻԼûɱ֮һſڵСףΣҵޣҲøһ˰ɣҪָƣҲҪ鵤ǻȥɣ
СײмĽͷƲһߣҲƺһʻǲ⡣
һ״һЦ̽ԵĽȥСͷϸһȴǽСһæ˺һһҪʲô
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һץסСֻ֫ѲˣڼŻָͷ߷һԵͬʱȻһ˿ڼվҲĸоһ˿оܿͱΪĽ飬ջû
Сոһ֪ħŮƷ֪ԶȥˣҲͷĳзɱȥ
صеʱһôһֻ޻ʮ۵ģҲС׵Ŀ飬һѷԼУֱصŷ˳
㣬㾹Ҷ飡
һȴһǰ޹ֻǻһѻѿһĲˡ
Ϊٵʯһ˼ҲԾ˺ЩٹȵѼɽ糣ʶԵʶúöһ֮¡Ŷɣ߳е׬ȡʯʽԼ˲ٵ˽⡣
ڴϣһС׵СףβͣҲ˵Ƕ޿ʵָ˶ˣ
СǿŰ׳һ㿴һ֪ҵĵȼǽʵԣӦǶ۷ɣѰģɱ١
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׼ȫǴһٹڱڣһĳͼ֮˵޳û֮رȥñƬ⣬ɭĻͲʱ͸һ˿һû
Ҷ޵ĵһվˣСײޣҺԼʵɣ
ţһ˲俪ͨ۵ףһ˽ȥ
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һһ·룬ܿ㷢˵һȴһͷѲܱߵҰޡҪ˵Ұ޳ͱҰһ⣬ֻųжˡ
һˣ
һĿǰҰֽȡ˳Ȼǿģȴʹ˳ֵġ
Ұһƺ߷˵սԼȨŵ棬ֱһ׼ų
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һһȳ˳ȥϴһ⣬趯һɳֱҰҰޱĲУǿľƤ񣬻һԽ롣۵໽֮⣬ûʲô̫Ч
ЧǾͿҵĽˣ
һ٣ȻûԷһߵ·ߣʺϹᣬҲˡһӣ⣬һնҰϡʱһɿζ֡һɵıܹҰĳ̣˵һԣǴЦĿҰͷһ
һ֮һڿʲôһЦǶ׸һԵСףԿζǺܲģ
Ұ޲һޣȵùһ̬նɱ֮󣬳⣬һҲûȡǽѡȡϺõտúõһ˿͡
㷹һһͷʳ֮ٴ̤;ǳ˿СδĿʣµҰ⡣
һһЦԭСô̰ԣ滹еأ
СǱץסʹţѵõûж죬һһȥܿʧľ֮С


ʮ 
ڵĵԽԽ࣬޵ȼԽߡʵ㹻ʿԣáʵʿԣǾǵ
һƬ棬һųһԼʮɣȴȻֵ߲š
ͷʻǲģСС;һˣ¹˶þҪΪ˰ɣӼһֻ꿪ƷһһһС˭ˡ
һһĿǰߣѾͷ߶һʱˣֻͷȷʵС˵ʵ൱ǿʵʵڵһޣұ˵ǿжݣȻûлٳķſڱһȳûжһȥӵġ
ַųһžĴϣӲƬ鵯ܽһ裬ÿһ㶼ûС
һҲͷʮĹҲɱʮͷˣ˵ʵզվһޣѰҰޣôһͷҲǿˡ
˰ɣһЩֺˣ޾ҪʿǿһЩģС˵ţƺ˿Լء
һԲûλش𣬷ɫһݣ˴ǰΪĥѰͻơȻڳʱͬҪʿǿһЩʿҲֻɱޣǿֻӿһȴϣҲԸйһδƴʵĿԶ˵ġУûĿġ
СףͺŰɣʱ㿾ԣ
һٺһЦһ˲ߣʵսͬʱʩչԼΣϵĸλãһŲϣϵĻŲƬ
⣬˵ֻôСײɵĸ̵
߱һⷬĴ򷨼ŭˣ˻ſ˦͵ײϣܽһˤһ֮ǿʮ֦ԾȻ֦˲٣ûһα˦
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һ׼˻ᣬһնһֱߴλϣֻһ죬ߴλõѿһ˿ѪҺ˳
˻
һҽУʲô˵ڵųβһϣһſŴü
ùȻЧһ׼ʤ׷뵽Ҳ֪Կһ㳯һӴܶȥ
üһӣ
һݶ𣬸ȥٶȴǱһץסһֵĻᡣ
˿ɾûпˣСһԴߴٵ
һʱüͷһ壬üһʮƹܳ׷ǰʮǽ˲赲ȥ·
ӴܣѾЩˣ˵ǽʲôһͷײȥû룬Щǽͷ­ǰǰĲһͬһ㣬׷鿪ɢ
ײҪķʱģͳᣬһ׷һЦ·ߣƺǾһ㡣һĨǷɽС
㻹
һ˵䣬㽫ɽһףֱֱĲۿҪӳߴϣĽڵϣٲ۶Ƭ̣ǰ߱Ȼһ̯ڵϡ
ȥһЦСףп˰ɣ
С׶һնɱôһֻһЩԾȴǲ˵ʲôø˵ģһްˣһצӾģҪķô¡
һҲۣһЦὣǰʼȥϵĺöʲôƤߵ٣֮󣬱ֻʣһ۵ˡ
չһѡȡ⿾⣬ܿ㶨СǴεһҲӶŪԼҲһ鿾
ʱʱ򣬺һ˹Сױһ紵ķ
Ƭֻ֮һֻƻǻƵ׺ߵҡ˹˫͸ŻɫһСȴԵʮƽ
Сף㿴һͷޣܶԸô
СһССĶްˣҿܽʰˡ
һһٺһЦҪ㴦ˣ
Сײм㲻ҪĥôҲܺʣͷǷ͡
ǷͣǻްǿķҲǻеģԸ൱鷳أһȻԹţȴҲȻҲԿԼܷԸͷޡ


ڰʮ 
ǻܴﵽޣҲһǵˣһһСһﾹȻ˵ȻЩȴҲ̫ϡֻǿ˿ڵϵʬ壬Щ۲
ء
ͺһⲽҪ˵Ѫʳö˸Ͻ㿪һ㡣
һ״׼⻢һԱ㣬ٺһЦֱһˮųֱǻȥڵϵķɽὣǰֱ̻ͷ­
⻢ǶޣӦٶ˿Ŀһһۣſڱһöˮײһˮɢ󽫳βһ˦һͬƴһǡ
һһּˣһֻųֶЩŻβһʮǿ󣬱Ǳͬħ޵ͷҪǿһһˣϵʧҲɵĺôˡ
ѹ˵ϻƨˣû뵽β
һţǻȴǲͷˣһſڱŨŨһæųˮˣӽסһ˫צʱһӰӲһһã͵һó۶ʱžһӲĵǵӰ
Ȼգһһ֮æ˿
ǺӰǻβʲôϸǶâȻܷŻĵطǻڣͬҸĪĻβ
ء
һͺ˫۽һƺܹסһоɱһӵζһҪ˼ɱ֮С
һģȻһֱСңСү֪ţֱųʮ
Щǰͬ沢û͸Ż⣬һ˿ĺ⣬һʹˮӷƵģĿı˵ԭԸֶ׼ġ
һϷһ󣬱ʮ֮дܳʮ˷ѡ˸ܵţȥ
һ͸źĽ룬оʮֲ֮ˮ˻˵ǶޣʵǻҪȽӷǿ̫࣬վǲϲˮġͺһβޣЩȥһմ塣
ڴʱһٺһЦٴὣβǿҵĽ࣡˵űҪͷһնȥ
׻˵ƴӻ⻢ȻǻޣҲܸоһ͵Ϯɹͷһųö𵯳һȥ
ն
һһ䣬гͬһʩչ֮ǻ𵯷׷״м䱬ը鿪һƬɢ˲ϢǰʱϽȴȥ˴룬һûܽվڻͷ­ϣֻͬͭһ㡣˽𼸵𻨺ն¼Ƭë⣬Ƥû˵
һΪǳ׼ŭ˻һҪסһһױסһŤձܹȴǱǻںݺݵҧס
ҵķɽٷſ
ءϷţ˦ŴͷҪһ˦ɡ
֪ôͲҪҸһ͸ˣһʹȫǿɽץס˼һüһڹһ峺ˮֱǻ
βڷŽ룬ȴŷɽ˫צĻȴҲڲˮæſһö𵯳ˮ˸ƽ֡
ء
ŭˣŭɶһʱ˳źɫƣһԶԶȥһͷϻֱƺһ˶ĻЩһųЩϵˮﻹʲôô
ףͷƺЩͬȻĻСһɻţȴûǰæһ˿
һңң⻢ţȻ⻢ԽԽͷûһ˿־壬һĪ˷ܳ֡
һĵ棬͵ıһڻһǰĻ𵯣ȫΣǶӦеʵ
һŲңϷ仯һɹעϷɽ֮Уʱںڵܳǻȥⷨ÷һЩʱ֮ѧģҲǷ÷֮һֻѰɷķɽ̶Ⱦ㹻ʹˣҪеķ󡣶ŶޣһҲòˡ
ĲͬŷĴڡ뵥עɵķȣ֮еķһЩͨⷽʽɵġܹͨͬʱʮٸĵʶȻڷ֮ˡ
ȴ˵ںһ͵ըѿγһ˳˷ȥһ״ͷһںȻˮеı仯ԸҲЧġ


ڰʮһ Ѫ
˷ɽ֣һܹϵʩˮͨټκĽУһʱ֮ǻɫ֮侹Ȼʤ
һе֮е̨֧֣ӯ־սѲǻһʵڿػϣǡɱɽ󷨸ƣÿÿɱжһȥһһʱɫûзֳʤ
ȴ˵һԵСףһԵҲУһ߳˿һ߿źϷʱҲЩˣĺϿ콫⻢ˣҹζˡ
⻰һòףɭɲֻǣ޻˵ȻҲеġʱȥһʲô޻˿ɾ鷳ˡ
Ȼ룬ȴҲ޷Ͼ⻢һ磬ŷԴȪ֧֣Ҳƴһƽְˣǰѻܿٽˡ
СףȻ㶼ô˵ˣ㶯ְɣ
ߣҪĥôҲ˵Ҳֵġ
һЦһҲֻ֣Ҫצӣһ°ĵʲô鶼ûô
Сƺһ˵ǲðߺߵٲ˵һȻҲû취ɾǻ
ȴ˵˻ģк⡣ǱƢһţƤһĶѾЩˡһĶԻɵ˼ʱŲӳС׿ƺȴ˵Сһ˵
һȻ²һС׸ǽƻĽɫβ֪ͷϻʲôֻһֻ۱һֻ۰ˡ
ŲϵŲСҲֻһ˵ľˡ͵һ棬ͷһŤС׵ķ͵ıȥһ֮žЩ죬˫צһС׵Ӱ
ڿʲôأ
һȴ̧ͷȥ֮һŰ޵ĶԼǰΣȻԼֺŨ֮иһ˿ļµĶλϢƺԼ׼ɱСһ޶
ʱˣ֪ССС仯ſ첻֪׼ҧʱͷ͵شһɾ޴ͷ­͵İϡ
˵ϻ㵱ǲèҿ㵱ʲô
СǰצݺݵİڻͷǰǿĻȻ֣ܶصĽţʮί
һСױ仯ģȻԾȴҲܹ󣬱Ͼܹεʶ仯֮Сˡ
ģߣʱˣǹԹԵɣ
ŻĽСûһͬ˼˵ͬ壬ΪпҲ壬ֻҪͬһǼǵ˵ĴڡԸˣ̵ܹĳ̶ȡ˵ţС׶İβͣصһɷ׵Ļβˡ
һǻеġһһЩ޵鼮˵Ĺں顣
ȴӺβ˷ɳڣʱ˺ѷεĺС׵ǰצѹ£˿ҲáһһŻӰ˳Ҳܶˡ
ǣһһ⻹ǳ˱Ҷ֮⣬һۼǵֶΡ
С͵һſڣǻױУƷζһ׽£һǳԱһ㡣
һĻ꣬Сתͷͷһҳˣûʲôİɣˣǿ⣬ϻ⻹ûԹԿԡ˵꣬죬ͬ©һС
һĻһզ಻ѣԼһ޾ô򵥵ı㱻ˡͨˣϾСǽ𵤼Ĵڣ㻢ƽҲǿܶġοʲô߹Ѫ
ȻͷС׸ˣһȴҲ̫⣬ոǻϵĲһƤǣһػβòƷõš
һβոʱһŹĻ𣬱һò֡Ƭ֮һƴСƤӵڵأԳһһ֣ϸȥȻһģʲôȴ
һ̽ŽƤ˸оЩȺɢ⣬ûʲôĸо
һĻС˹û뵽ôһͷȻϹѪǶʮѪ


ڰʮ 
һһ㶣ʮѪʲôôû˵
СײмϹŴе˵Ϊ˭֪ͬһޣͬʱҲǿֵ֮ġǿĲѪϹǿѪȻԶԶͨʮѪȻģҲˣվڶʮ֮ϵķѪǲŸǿᡣ
һԼһЩʵ˵ӵеѪҪ⻢ӵеĶʮѪǿˣ
С⻰ʮֵ⣬ǵȻһĳ˽еʹУһ˭Ҳ˵ġ
һ˼ĵ˵ͷʲôķޱأ
ԣСײɵһͣһһۣβ˵ſڵķ޵ѪӦҪ߹һЩͲˣʲô˵
һԾͲˣ˵ķǱȶʮѪӸ߹ôΪʲôͲأ
Сÿ׳յһڱ˵ķޣѪˣʵǿһܴôԵɣҪңҲ֪˵꣬Сױͷ߿ˡ
һƤҲ֪дʲôֻС׵Ƕ֮еβ𻢣Ϲġβ
һԻȻʮģӦȴǲ֪ǳ˵ʶ
ⲻ֪ʹõƤӺϣһ׼ٴο⡣ڴʱ˼һͨųȥɫʱһ䣬Сף˵ˣ߰ɣ˵һĨǻʬ壬һ봢֮С
СҲܿ˱仯ôܵһϣһҶɳɳ졣
ˣɣ
һüͷһ壬Ҳɷ˵ĽС뻳Уüֽĵطֻವһһɷ׽ϲһȻİӣĿһƺǲľʯͷһ㡣
ɿһͷʵ
һͷһݣűٹȵΪ˵ĲǷԼնɱͷôһҲػֻӰ˳ȴǷݣ˵ΪҲֻ졣
ӰԳһһ棬Ȼ˫ĳһ
㣡
ǣ
һϵŮӣǵͷϻӵϵҽ˭ˡνԩҲͷһˣͷҲ֪ʲô뷨һǺõģǾˡ
ôʶǰüͷ΢
ҽЩ֪˵ϵϳɾڱָһ֣ѣֻǸСӣͬħ޽ӣмλ赲ϵͱɱˡ
ҽü״Ҳ˲䶮һ׷ָһƺһµһħЩħڵĸһ㡣
öԷĺץһȴʮֵΪһеľȨǲ֪ݵİӡǰ϶ԼǽߣǼǷҲǽƱˡ
ԣһһۣ㣬ûмһͷ
ðӾȻܴ£һȴûɿ˹ֵɢһ˴ȴûмʲôġ
⻰ǰţ½ʱӣ֮еζŭһƭңлζѪζѵ㽫ɱˡԣΪɱͷʮȥǻҲǶˡ
һ뵽ӾȻһű֪ô飬ùԽҡͷϵ˵ǣҲһʿܶԸޣȻûҵ飬¾ȥˡ˵ţһҪݽȥ

ӻֱһɫâɳһͷӥһһ״׼ַųذӥצƴһǣС
ʲô˼һü
һѻ˵߲꣬
һδ̫ԵܵҲ̫˰ɣ
ƺЦһ㣬һЦҲ´ԵܵĿ֣׵İá
˵ɣǷ֮һҲûôԵĻȴ֪ģвԶһСɣǿľǽ𵤣ɢȴʮŰ衣
ֽˣϵɿ֣ѣ˱Ͳʲôˣ˴ҪɱĻ޹أҲȻϲ⣬αԣֱɱˣĴ֪ˡ


ڰʮ ̥
⻰һ޵ʱȴֵʱ
֣ѣȷʵڴ²֪ѲҪ˼С˵ĺƭӰԼǡ
֣Կ˿һֿ˿ϵ۾ҽϣʱȴǴһ˿ͬζ
ҽöܹס˽һһίŤ֣ѣ˴ˣΪȥһ
һ㰵һãҲ˵ֱǰһ㽫סݶ㳯ȥ
ӣң
֣Ѿ⣬²ΪޣΪǰŮҲҪһնɱˣϾԣƯ¯˫ҲǲģһУǸɱɱĽɫ뵽ĽɫȻȶ֣ͼܡҪ֪Ǳٹڵĸ֣һڵĲһܵȻʧ
ڶ֣׽Ϸһ󣬱ɷ׷ɽɳһƣһž죬ֻýһء
ǣСӣȻôɱҲһʲСջˣ֣ͷ⣬ϵ˺ȵ˴ڴ˵زҪҶҽնɱ˾̻
֣һȥҽϵϵ˵˴βС˰ɣ
ϵҡҡͷӦòˣ֣ױǸͷ˵Ҫǿһ֣ɵӣȻǿֶΡ
˵꣬ϵһ٣ȴüȴǲ˵СܾùŹ֣ϧϴΪ˱ܿͷҲ֪ΡˣˣȻ֣ɽҲͷˣʱܻҲһŵӡźĺã˵ܵ檣ܻһŵݣҲǲˡ
⻰ҽõ˵ͷȷʵɢ޶һŵӣɵӵȴҲǲѡ
ȴ˵һǿ󣬹ʶٶҲԶѰʿٹʿ˵ǲһЩʮϢ㱻׷Ͻסˡ
֣ѣҪϾɱŪôһ
֣ԹһЦЦƣƾ㣬ʡʡɣҵûһССʿȻôһвʯɣٽгɣ⣬һԿһ
һߣʲôʱзģ֣ѣδ̫α˰ɣһЦ
֣һԼߣһŭתΪЦ㵹ǿ͸ȷʵڣϾҲҲǽߣаħɱҲӦ쾭ġ
ⷬһ̾Ϣҡҡͷ
ôˣʱ򽻳һԸһʹġ
һҡҡͷ̾ϢǺˣǿּĿΪɸе̾ϢѹҲû˷ˣԭ˵ĴڡοҪΣأ
֣ΪȻ߹һܺͳǸȴԶԶ磬ôһɽѹָ࣬һҲ֪˵ʲôһȵСݵû켴˵ҲȲˣԹɣ˵Žɽһףһɴ̶
ԷɽõĶֻǷɽһɫȻﻹǰ˵ЦҲǷһڹȥ
֣׿ʶ֮ˣһڹ㿴ȵСӣззһɢȶ㻹кλ˵ȻǽӶ
һ𻰣һЦרʹɽ֣׶
һԼ֣ͷŭҲ޼ƿʩһҪСһÿҪһܲܽͷ֮ޡ
ȴ˵˷ɽƷһΪ֮ҲɢҲȫҰ·ӣûмغϱ㱻֣ѹҲԽƺֻҪ¾ܴ䳾
֣лϲѾʼһ뵽һٽҽ£ϵͲǵˡȵԼҵ֮ˣնɱ£;ϵЩۣҽõĻԼͽʰˡ
֣벻ͬһȻѹŴȴĽԷķʽѧ֮ǰ˵йʱԷ̫ǿǸòɵĵӣܷŹôһ͵ѧĻᡣ
ȴ˵֣һƽعŷһԽԽмԼŵ·ͷŭСȻ͵ѧݺҧҧϷһ䣬͵ĽһֺķԪʩչʱɽһ
һﷴӦüһнɽ䳾ջ


ڰʮ 
ǰһ̻ģһȴ䳾һȻûϵȱ仯ҲӦ估ʱ־һѽų˴ν뵹ǲֻ࣬жʮöպʹķΧڡ
˫ǰϣһ͵Ľ̨֮еתչ֮Уʮöʱշ裬һͬĽɫ·ǸԷųľˮϢ֣׵ķɽȥ
һЩб仯׼̾ͽһµ֣ȴǳһæʹɽһƣЩ׷׵±Ҫ֪ɣΪȻǿȴҲޣݵ
һ״΢΢һЦݵͳĽ˳ɫ⻪Ϣ׷ɹûиͷһ㡣
֣һȻ²һͷӦвʯŶԣ뵽ô࣬һоȫȻ󣬵ȴ겻ѡ
ҰɣҰɣҵҪжٷ껹ҵꡣ
ôʹó֣Ҳһîˣŷɽһöö䣬ȴûºֱӴϣϾÿһʯҪϧġ
˶ʮѣһϵĽҲõĲˣһĨ㽫һذ׸ɳذȴû׼ٵģһҲ˸ɾ
һͷûз֣ҲһӦΪһıٹʿˡ
СӣֶξʩչûˣͲҪĺˣ
һԣٺһЦ˫ǰһϣͷĬĬ䡷Ĭֻɫ⻪üķɳֱӳȥʱһ֮
⵽ô£֣׸еղԾһһĶԸһȴûע⣬ϾȻֽ빹ɵķģϸȥȻʮϤзķʲô
֣ѣ»һУ°ɣ
һ˫ۣ˵ţͬʱɽ빹ɵзըʮǿľˮ֮еĽ׷ըȥ֣ȴܵչˣ볯˹ȥǾʹ˴УҪ⬡
ʿʿȻűֶΡ֣׼ﻹƽԪʲôģ˿˷ɽ֣͵һµϣֻ۵һ죬һͷӰͷϡͷףŽ󣬵һչ͵ı㽫֣׸
ʱЩʧصĽ䵽Ǵϵʱֻܷһ㱻ûһܹ䴩ֱ֣Ӵ
Ϣ֮󣬱ըĽ뵯֣ͣͷǴӰҲವһ볤֮Уʧ
֣׷ʩչһеΪ棬Ǵƺ֣ױʵǷɽƺӡȥġ
ģȻʹ˻αôȥһΣ˵Ҹθлźأ֣ҧгݵ
һ֪Է˵ȴҪŵʿһЦ֣ѺαؿҪлͽǷɽҺˣ¶ʲôͦȤġ
㣡֣׹Ȼŭֱָһܿϵŭ㻯ղ˵ֶζˣҲˣƤˣԹˣһúܵġ֪ʲôôһܵġͻιʳе飬һȤġ
˵ţ֣׳ֽɫҲ֪̫󣬻ΪıˣαЦɹţԶԶȥηѡ
һ״ȴǲ㲻ֻڻţץһѩ׵ë׵ĶСʲôСƺʮֲԸ⣬ץһ·ǲϳ
ʱˣٲ˿ô찡һСšС׾ǲӣǲϷצӡ
һС׵֣һЦû뵽ôһҲޣƷ໹ҽɱˣٽץȥȵó֮ȡӦû಻ء
һһ㶣ѵֱܹӿƵģƺ֮֮մȾô
֣ЦѣմȾͳʽҲпķʽɹʱͳ˺ܶ࣬Ʒ˿ȻΪһרǻô
һȻķӵĸȤʱһС׽һϴ˳צŵأһ˫Ե۾ֱ֣ס
ôСҪô֣׹һЦ
Сֿ¶ѩ׵ݣ΢Цһ㡣


ڰʮ 
С׵Ļ֣һȻԲܣ˵ޣޣôޣԲܡ
һ˫һ̯״ָָС׵Ҳòܣʵ
֣Ծɲŵҡͷ㲻˵һôôޣ
һǺһЦֻһˣжֶҿɲ֪
ƭң֣׼ɵЪ˹
һҡҡͷС׵ˣһʹɣ
СԵһûзһ֪޵ģ˵ţ㳯Ի֣߹ȥÿһ̤ȥ;һߵ֣ǰʱѾָǰһĳ̶ˡ
ôҵô̶ȿǲûʹ˰ɣС죬֮ȴ͸ŨŨɱ⡣
߲ߣµͷҲǿ侲֣װͷСһۣȻС׿Ϣûһ˿ȳ˱ǣȴûв
㵽ҪΣ֣׽ŵʵ
С˫ֱмһЦԸ㣬ҵ֣˭ԲѾȻñֻˣ
ɱңѵͲҲô֣ڰҪѹСס
СףһźϾȻһı飬ֶûţ˵Ҿͷ㡣
ţ֣ײҧгݣǿɽ̩ɽǱӤȲãܹУλԼɱޣء
Ȼ֣ǰһָС׵β͹ЦβֻββΪˣβҲǶޣҲ֪λԣƾ㻹ɱңⲻܣǹԹȥþ˿Ӱɣ˵ţ֣˲ָǰİָֽСס
С׻һÿŰ׳յĿ⽫ס֣׾ನۣŷﻹעߵı仯
վҪҲûõģһǰǻľ̾
ˣСҲʧȥ˶뷨βһȭͷСĺ˳֣ȥ
ףҳ֣ɫΪ㣡֣緢ǰһӳնȥ
СЦһβҡڣźҲһ㣬֣׳նʱ˿ıܿƮ̬֮һ㡣
֣׼״ЦһѳһףϷһ󣬱ó⳯Сɱ
֮СǲмһˣȻ壬Ͼᵤֳܴ鱦ħŮƷӳʶľ֪ж٣ῴӵĽβӭɴһ㣬һһɿ紵֮и˿˿ʱǷɽöᣬܽ
ҪףҲط˵ţ֣׻ֽٻأϷ仯ֻһ˿˿ɢ
Ϊ۷Ƿǰ͵ϮҵĳӥǼζӦҲЩϵˡСױǿ壬ӦòǵġһоϢͷȵ
ȴ˵֣ɫԽԽƳϣһűε廨ʮɫͬϷĴһ㡣
ֻǵñʹֶΣǾԼɣ֣׹Ц˫һһ󣬳СһָʮʽӰϷɳһС˹
꣡С¶ֵЦݣһ㽫ٻβƺʮûһ㵣ġ
ĺСңЩ޶ಶɱģǶޣȻÿһͷֻбʵԸҲ㹻
ޣԭˣǻǿˣСԹԵĵ˵ͷһݣĺһţʱȻĴΪԴû֣׻عһɷ˹꣬˹һҪȥȴһûС׵ĿС
ȵʣʱ֣ŻҵʩҪٻأʱȻˡСõܵ͵һʣµ귢İ֮󣬾С
ȻǿǿǹһʱˡǸʲôСӣҪСˣͽг˵ҳԱ˾ͷһ·أСһ߾׽һ˵


ڰʮ ڤӥ
Ϊ֮Ϊʤ֮Ϊ޵֮ȻѴ֮С׵Ĵ֮ᣬ֣е𺳱֮ǰСܹҲС˶١
󣬾ȻˣҪƴˣܴ̼֣ͷƺҲƳˣֳֳŭȵ
СɲΪȻĿȻûˣҲͲˣ˵Ŷһ˫βҪٴζ֡
ݵò񣬿аɣ֣״һɽһĨɺѪĺͳϵ䣬ͬʱſһʱǵͬһ㣬͵һ磬һŨİµɽϡ
ֻһǶǵӥХһ׹âӳϳ˲ʣһֻɫڿСϸȥǰ֣׺ķԪʩųĴʲô˴ǰʵʮмȻĿ·
ڤӥǰޣʦҲڶѲնɱֵ꣬ҳѰһҲҷˡֻû뵽㾹Ȼʩųɣ꣬ƤëҶúõģ֣׺޺޵˵ֻ˵ЩԷһԪĲС
ڤӥСͷһһĵȻֻȴһ˿仯֣ûܿһȴĿ˳Ǿĺ£˷ܺͻϲ
ôҲˣҲǲָأ˵ţ֣ɫһ䣬ϷһֱָСףڤӥҽ˺飡
ڤӥųʮܵİգ֣׵ǲһХ걻ҲɼֻܽС˻
;޴İڤӥſХ£֮ʢ֮ǿһ涼һָȻС׳⡣
С׼״צ͵һţʮԶ㿪һ˻βһ˦źųڤӥȥǿһ࣬ڤӥᣬев֮˴ųæɿУ˫һȣë䣬׷׻׼Ӱ·
üһ޾ǲһҵĽ뻹Ҫǿ࣬ϷˣһòԶҲ֮ڣڲҪ׶˹ȥ
СҪǵص´붼ҪϣУС׽Ϊһë
СǺεȸ߰һһţʱһųӿ֮Уʱǿݵ˲Ϣ֮㱻ճɷɻʧ֮䡣
𣬲ԣⲻǺ𣬺Ȼ죬ȴû֣ױڤӥһоҪСףϵСҲδ
Ǹõط֪Ļ٣һб׼ʩչģΪֶҲ˺ܶ࣬ʱʩչҲǲˣСԭ˼֣׵
Ϊ䣬㲻Ƕޣ֣⻰ĺ
ޣͲˣСײм
ܣԲܣᵤôܱһСոޣԲܣ֣ƺʲôֲޱȵ顣
СԣɫʮѿڳΪһ±ʹţձһѾЩŭˣ걾ǽƻ֮еĸ֣ǻĥŪ˵֣ȾС׸ǽǺһ֣µĲǽᵤޣղǾ֮𣡡
֮𣡡֣׾һ²һ£ʵһ£һӵ֮ޣܹԸģʼ֧Ϸһ䣬һָͷǰŵȴİڤӥڤӥҽס
ڤӥʶǰǿֲ֮Ȼ£ֻҪԶԶأߵȴԲΥģֻܰһٴγС׸
С׼һһмһЦſڱһ֮籡ڤӥʹڳ򶼶ֻ֮ܿ˲Ϣ֮佫ջٵڤӥ֮壬˾͵ˣˤڵط
С׳Ѹ٣֣ױڤӥ赲Լӿ뷨˲串һȻĿԼ߹Сףֵˣ㲻ɱңɱң㱨ģʦҲ㱨ģ
СײмĿһۣҲſڳǰڤӥ͵һͷ˲һʧ
ûĴһ֮СŽת֣ס


ڰʮ ·ɱ
ɱ㣬ҵצӣС׵˵
⻰֣Գһ˿ĳ죬˵мĻڣȴС׺һţԾѸײڶٶȳһצӽĵڵأһɾѹϣ˿á
㲻ǲɱô֣˫֮͸񣬴
ǲɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣬Ҳûа취С˵ţһȥһһ˿ǳЦ
ǳ
һҡҡͷ㲻óҿûдӦʲôңǷŹ㣬ͻŹô
һϹżЦݣ֣֪Լڽӣ˵ʲôҲûãȶ̵ľڣҪԱҲˡ
ǲú֣һԹĿһһ˵
һԲмһˣֻǶС׵ô
СƲƲ죬ΪϹҪ䡣
ϹһɻĿСס
ҪңȻдм䣬öණǲˡֻ֪ħ̳˼ϹķŰˣ
һԽ¼ͷЩǼʶҲĳһ춼Ҫϵġ
ֻ˵һߣһתͷ֣ףҲʲôħҲԸһʹģԹԵĸɣ˵һϹ֣ؿ˲俪һѪ
֣ǻƮȻС׼״ſڣȴһüһ˳һӱ㽫֣׻ǰסüȥˡ
Ǹôöû̵ǣСײ
һһЦ֣ϵĶʰʬһӸˡ
ˣڸˣһٴαǵĴЦ
£ʲô£СЩɻ
Ȼ֪ˣһصһЦСԴɣģˣȴҲأ
С׶ڴƺΪҲΥ棬֮СһһϡԼûע⵽һж֮ǰǾԲġɼǱҶո޵ǱĬҲǿ

ȴ˵Ǳͷҽڽĵȴţ֣һȥҲаʱˣǽһˣʱûм
ϵ˵᲻ʲô⣿ҽ
ϵüͷ΢壬ӦòģС̫ܵ죬֣׷Զˣ
ⲻ͵ĽͣҽҲûһֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿŶȥķڴ֣ܹͽ˴زȥ
ȻһۺδԶӶһһĵýŮӳڹ֮Уһۺ쳤籣ⲻһ֮ԵħŮƷ˭ˡ
úƷƳͱ֣ǿ˲֪ٱ˶ʱ֪ǰŮӶȻһ֣˿ǰҪݵ
ȴƷƺ촽һЦһû뵽ﻹӣָԪˣͷˣһҵһϣҲˣ
⻰˲ɫܹӵùħŮֶΣֻһŷ̾ͷѣ赹ءֻ˵֢״ͬҽֻɫ죬Ťţϵһǵ糺죬¸һ죬ֻǿзĺߺ֮ʲôˬ¡
Ʒ˿ܻĽЦһУ˿籱㽫ҽþߣͷֻǽ䴢ȡ£ٲܡ
ʿȻһЩȴҲ㹻ǿ㹻ˣҽóƷƽЦ
ʱ򣬺Ʒɫһ䣬һʲôˣ˿ͬһ㣬һһľ֮дȥһը죬ֵĴ˲ϡ
ѵҪôƷһ
⻰һԲݴ֮һ춯һӰ˳ϹεĿЦһ˭ˡ
Ʒһ˲任ϽĵЦݵСΪ죬֪
һͷԶ֪Լлҵ鲢ûб¶أſЦӹ˶£һλȴСӱСˣ
ԭ㣬û뵽СǺˣһ겻Ȼгˣ֮»ҪúøлСأƷ֮£ЦƣŲſǻסһĲӣӡ
һĻͶͱǻˣȥһ֪ħŮһ¾ͲҪԼ㶼ﻹб˼
˵ЦˣСӸл˵ţһɫǰԿ˽ͷȻ֪ԸħŮûʲôãҲͼﰲο


ڰʮ ʤ
ƷҲǶŪһһȻֽ£ϾôһСС߶˵㲻ʲôġԼ԰ȻⱾѪյûãƷͷȴһ˿ʤ֮⡣
Сʲôְ˵ҾȻܵڶɼЩԵˣ˵ţƷ泯һ
һȻɳ׵ӽ쵶ӳ٣ȴĳСӢڣղᵽˡ
ѶˣСӼ벻֮һ֪㲻ƷƴڼȴǶҲ۹۱ǱǹĿɮ
ԼһûãƷͷЩᣬ˼һתһЦС˵ЦˣԵ־Ե֣ʲôСǲңǿūˣūҿҪˣ˵ţʮ㣬˶ţСŮֵ̬쾫¡ǲ֪ˣȻΪ˭ҽŮˣƢء
һ״ֻúƷ͸һζƺԼЩ̣˼άͷЩٶľζСεʱЩơ
СףȻ֮ãħȻһȫһ˲뵽Щͷһסͷһ˿
ˣ䡷һܹס˵һƤ˿ͷ䡷һһԺ֮УʱΪ֮һζȥһ˿ĵ̴壬ǵûǰĸоޱȡ
һϵĺΣƷƱûܹԼȻ󣬵Ƭ֮úȻȥѩһϷǳһ˿Ρε˵飬ΪԼȻ֮ûöеԾŭ
㵽ʲôˣƷһһϣԶڵء
ۣһϵôͱӢڣûܷʱһѪõǣǺƷȻŭȴͷ˼ɣûº֡
תǱеĵطٵĻָһһ޹ӵȻҪ֪Сӵ䣬Сֱ˵ˣСһɢһ鰡
һƷüͷ΢壬ӡȷʵûôһҿһӣһʿǿߵϢҡҡͷƷưҲСĵ覣ŲԼȻ󣬲Ȼ˵ʿǽʿҲΣĲ
Լʧ̬Ʒü΢ǱȴǴûгԹ˭뵽һȻ֮ȻһСϡ
УԲУҪСҲݵڱȹ£ľͷƷĵЦٴιһǰЦС˵ˣūҽˡ
һЦͷȴǸ̲ѣҪ˵ˣ˭ܱȵùɱ˲գ۵ħŮ
ӲˣСʹˣֻҪ£СӱǷǣͿҲϧģ
⻰Ʒ콿ЦСǹģȻˣūʲôɲҪƴŶ
һͷһ£˵һֻ֣һһصص˵ͷǳϿҵкλ˵޷СӶȻΪӰ쵽
Ʒһʮָжӣָڵϵҽã֪Сϵã
һ˼һת֪ѻƭģŵ˵ͷϵãһͬǰͬ顣
ȻˣǾˣǰҲˡūΪǶͷģ֮ʩ˷ʹǶˡȻͬ飬ǶͷûйϵˡūǷʮֹ죬׷ŲգҪջȴЩˣǳˣ¶ͬΣأ˵ţƷһִٲӡ
һ˿ˮȹܱ浱ԼǲӰ׳ˡϷѾݵȴǲܰ;ϵģһæһԾ״Ǻãѵûа취Ⱦô
Ʒһ̧еζһüһⷨеģֻǿС㲻Ըأ
һãȴֻӲͷƤʵ֪ʲôӸ֪ܹ쵽СӶȻ岻ݴǡ
˵ȴǺ׵ģֻҪ
ֻҪʲô
Ʒƺ糺һƬֻҪСԶ֣ǽϣ˷ܽūǷ
ʲôϣһԴһɣͷҲ̫ˣȻ⣬ѩɲҵģһǸƭ֣ΪʲôҪƭ֡
С磬ѵ㲻ԸôһڵƷͷϲһ˫⣬ɲϲ


ڰʮ 𽵹
һˡʽˡͼıĲǵȴû뵽һͷײħŮƷƣû뵽ǣһ֮󣬻Ҫýϵķʽˡ˵ɲ֮ͯǲԸ㱻ǿġ
ӣ£СӲԸ⣬ֻҲ̫ϵ㱻ҡݵİ
ƷһЦ˳ʲôϵϵΪأοǸ֮󣬲йϵôҰһԽû㻹ʲôԸġ
һһ壬ʲôаģ˵úԼɫжһӣ˷ȷʵв֮СӶȻƴǣ
ƷҡҡͷСԸϣԸͰˣֻǿ۵ĽûزˣС˵ȴֻǿջһūҺأ˵ţƮһ˿⣬ƺʱҪһ㡣
һһһͷֹŲ֪ħŮˣʲôϷѵԼõսһʲôôɡЦųȥƺЩ⶯
һڹԹƷͷЦδҺƷͷҲҪɴɫħȻҲ㣬ȴҲǰˮ֮ҲǶԵˡʱ򣬵ں֮ʱȡǵӦþһָѪ˰ɣ
һǰǲŤԼǰ͸ļ¿ǰˡЩһжΪֲĶҩΪоԼಲ󡱣²ʲôý
ô죬ѵҪôǲħŮ˵ʱͻҪҵʱƽʱҲˣʱ򡭡һͷһ뷨ðվûн֮Сûˣ»жһĻᣬڣ־Ͳˡ
ӣһתͷһƷơ
ŶС绹ʲôҪ˵ģƷƽЦ
һǵͨ죬ɬ״ӣСӻǵһΣŪ֪ӿɷһ
ƷԶʱһ㶣ǲЩ鶯뵽һ˵ȻһҲˡһǴӣǲҲˡŮ֮£κýڣ˼һתӴ֮һö׸һˣ㿴֮ˡ
һӹҲ֪Ǹ߽ʿʹõļ¼ϢֻҪ֮УϢܱԼȡˡ
һĽһ֮УֻϢȻԺ֮УЩϢǽŮ֮£зλ䣬ʵǽ˫ޡһͯһܹЩ֪ʶһʱ֮Ūࡣ˳ȴһ׹С뷴Ҳˣ಻ѹҲ;
һ֪ǣħžһ˫޹𽵹˵ħŹȴֱָ˫޴ĴšǺƷҲǺòײŵʹֻͣûùˡ
ƷƼһɫɫ֪ǿȥˣͷûһңƽһ֮ˣҲǲܶʲôġ
һȥһһƽȻ뿿ʱ䣬̫Կ»úƷͻȻǾʵ䷴ˡ
򽻻һֳллӣСӶŮ֮£СӸм
Ʒüͷһ⻰Ȼûһ⣬ȴʮֱŤϸһ룬СӾȻռԼˡŭԼҪһϵʤȻܷ𣬷ЦС˵Цˣ㻹ǸϽȥɣ˿ɾˡ
һ¶⣬ͷȴһ࣬Ȼͷռ˱ˣվԿԼӦһżҽȥ
Ҫ˵ǡ𽵹ȴ£һѧƤëҲٰʮַŪáŰŪʱһ뷨תͷԺƷƵӣСӻһ룡
Ʒһ⻰ͲüǰһԼ׳ħطһҲ֪ҪʲôˣԼӦţǰͶҲͰ׷ˡ
Ск£˵޷
һȻ̫ˣӷۣӻرһ
ƷͷһЦħ֮УȴǼò٣һǸ磬ҲӦõģˣС֮ԣūҲ˵̫ԶСʧҾ֮ɣ»ұˡ˵ţԹԵĳȥ
һͷ黹ʲôʧУҲǵĴˣүֵطô
չգƷǽһܿģҲֻɵˡ
ţһȥƾҪõ·


ھʮ 
վ֮ĺƷһЦĳһȥȽ𵤸ֶԣСС㲻ʲô谭뵽һԼݵĴϷҪݣֻһʤĵ
³⣬ڴʱըӿдƷɫһ䣬Ϸȥֻһһһ죬ڸ߿ϡ
ƷƴһãæһУ˿籷ɾһ÷ɾ
ֵͬʱһҲˣһ۱㿴ΪǰɫЩϤΪϤеˣ˵׷ƷƵѩ˭ˡ
ȱһͷ˲Ҳ⡣ħаһԼԽܣȡʱǹؼһþ
ȻǺƷƵ鱦˿籷ɾһͷһﻹ˵õһæͷһǽ˿֮䡣Ȼǽ˿˵Ƕ㲻ãȴҲȡʱ䡣
˿米һǽʱǰɫһն㽫籵סô羢
СӣȻôǱˣƷ뵽һʱˮһɣѩĽ⵽ˣֻû־ãವһȥƷƲħŮҲ˺ù۹ԶȥͬʱһۺɢһƬӶ
ħŮҳףϷǰ㣡߿ͨ콣֮дһԾವһ±㳯Ʒ׷ȥǽɫȻۺ֮С
ɱһӽ֮дֻÿƽض𣬶ʱۺɢ
һ˻滤סȫɢŷյİɫһݵСٴлӾ֮
⻰ɫǽɫ⾡䵽ϣһһŮеĿ֮ԴŮȴһѩ˭ˡ
Ǻˣ֪ҵ䣿ѩ˵ϲ
һٰݣӼǲСҲС·ħŮභħŮ֣ӴȲŵԴ
ԭ㣬㾹ȻҲ̤;ˡ
ǵȣСнգֻǽٷӴȣСҲ֪αˣ
ƼˮԵҵڶɼҲЩԵ֮±Ӧģڱ𣬾ͲˣֻǽΪħŮ֪Щʲôô
һ˵ͷͬûȴħŮħŮĺݲмλͬӼʱеСҲһˡ
ѩԿڵϣѪͶϵ˵ͷħɢȴѵģû뵽ȴħŮƷƣҲȷʵҵҲԵȴǲ㰲㡣
һͷϧôȴǺ⣬ֻùְлˣСӸмӽȥˣԵټˡ
ѩԵ˵ͷȴһӺǺһЦǰѩӼȻİĳǿ԰æһġ˵תͷһСֵܣ˵Դɣ
һͷһҪ˵ħɣıţļɣħǶ֮еĶ⣬صľͷѩҶڵʿ
֮£ǸɣԴɱ֮һȻĩβȴҲǺպմɣһǿڣͳ˴Ƭ򣬰һڵԴɵķ֮¡
һ뵽Щ֪кôãȻ᲻ƨæͷԴɣɴɣɢĴڣȻġ
ǧƨӵĻʿǺһЦһĴһӷ˳С
Сֵܣϵʲô
һӣͷϲⲻʲôԱǿӻȼҲһЩˡ
ϵãϵãȻϵãɢ޶ɼĶ
ʿ˵ͷֽ˹һæס㶵Ŀ
СֵܣȻϵãǾ͸ˡֻҪμʢᣬҽϵţȻŴֻҪǱ̫Դɵġ˵ţϿ֮аȻζԱ
һȰðȴҪģϵĻϲģĸлȴǲһ
һУϹһЦѩӣ˴ɺã
ѩ΢΢ף˱лˣǷ˽һ顣


ھʮһ Դ
ѩԣͷֿ˻ѩɵһΪɫŮ֮һڶ˫ް¡Ҫ֮꣬Ȼ뾡취ѰʱǲɫΪޣȻҲһ׷󣬹ʶ˴׷ħŮƷƣԸǰ·
Ҫ֪һ·ϣϲ֪˶ٷӣȴûеõ˴㡣û뵽ͳһö͵õ⻰аֵˡ
ȻҪģˬһЦ˵ﻰҵͬɵѣολСֵӣҲԵ˵ýһɵţԴлռһأ
ѩԵĵ˵ͷû˵һһüƤˣʲôɵѣʲôɵţⶼƨ켣ô꣬Ҳ˲١߲ɻħֻҪûд˷Ǿˣ˾һУͿѩȴ˵ģο˺ôô
ȻҲٶʲôǰħŮһȻʱסȴҲʧһö赤Խⶾ֮ã±ˡѩͳһöһĵҩ
һæл˹ⵤҩģһڱо֮ĵ䣬ǱٹȵûЧɼǰĵҩˡ
ʱ߿մһǰʧĳ콣ɻأֱһڵͷֵ˳ѩͽס˿ڡ
֣ѣ֪׷ħŮѩʵ
֣ϵҡҡͷѣѣϷܣûܽħŮ׽á
üͷһ壬֣ѣ˵ؿפ֮أôħŮˣ֪ħƲһӣǿǵһܺİ
á֣һͷһû뵽ոɱСģϵģϵҲ֣֣׻ʲôϵҲ˵ʱǲ£ϾС׶ֿ죬ԼĻǶûзŹԷʲôֶҲһܹ鵽Լ
֣ϵɫѿȻҲǽʿΪһ޶Լ󲻹һССĲԪӤʿûеţԴɿһɣԼֵܹģͷҲֻԼˡ
˵ǣϵʧˣûлᣬϵȻħŮ֪
Ϲһ˿Ц⣺ħŮˣǻƣ֣Ҳǵ˰ɣ
⣡֣ϵɫ΢䣬Ҳ֪˵ʲô
Ȼû׷ϾͰˣħŮƻ׾پ׽ãҲͼˣ֣֮ҲǾȫħŮǰҲԲԹ۵ġѩɵ˵ţȴΪŷ
˵ǣ֣Ҳ̫ˣħŮԴҲԹ۵ġϻͷת֮죬һզ಻ѡ
˶˵ı֤֣ϵлС˵ŴɱħȻܹЩôͬҲðűΣա֮һʱڷ঵״̬£֪֣ħűһʱ䲻
һ֮žطǽΪֺѩ齫һԴɸһΪȫҲòμɴᡣ
ڴ£һûѡʸ֣ϵȻܣѩҲ飬㣬˻سֽ̣ϴһС
ν˷ƾһȥһûбٹΪһĸоʱ֮˽һһԱдʮ֮УȻȥ
ȥ֮ʱϻˬЦСֵܺúɴῪʼúñ֣һܹԴɵġ
һԣ֪Է㣬ҲԼЩݣҲĵлԶԶĿȥ
µһУһҲ˾飬ȴԴֱϽһУΪԴСǵ򣬷̶ȣԶԶССܹġСׯĻԴбһĴڡ
ܿ죬һҵһҿջס˽ȥ
ɣﻵûУ
һ䣬ãһһܶһë׵Ķ˳С˭ˣĺƷƣϧˣûѩץסСһ߶Ūѩ׵ëһ
ףСף˵ѵҲ֪ˣѵǺôһ΢΢ԾȻ˼ΣȴҲֻ֪ӦǽʿһŲ֪


ھʮ ܳ
СһӵĿһ㻹ߣϵǶˣȴǲ֪ħܳĵӡ˰ɣ
ܳӣһɻŵ˵ܳʲôϵô
СǶһ֪еˣ˵ǿĴڣЩѩͺƷƱнһܳˡӢĽܣħӣǶ̶ʱ֮޳ɽ𵤣ҶʵԶͬ٭Ĵڡ
ӢĽܣħӣȻȴڣΪɽҲСˣǾȻڽ֮жԶͬ٭ѵǶţһɻ
СһЦţΪ־ܽǸˣҪ֪нȱţܹߵ𵤵ģȴǲ࣬ȵĴڣֲ˵Եһٵġ
ֲ飬˵ԵһΪ̾Ȼ֪ԼֵΣ˵Եȴһ㶼ٵģǵԵɺԼ˵ͳɵһӣǵõ洫鼮֮еıҶҲǽУǿ̨õˡ䡷Ҳ֪жٴˡ
һģСҵˣҲǸдˣԵˡ
һڨڨһЦ֪ʲôֺͻԵȻһ֮гܳ
С׺һ߷ߵһ֪ǺƷȴ֪ġ˿Ҳˣεȴǲ֪ǿ鱦һĴڡ
鱦ҲòѩͷĳҲ鱦罣š
Сüͷһһ鱦⵽ôˣ鱦͸ײƵأѵؼ˲ɣ
鱦ʲôֻͷôû˵鱦Ҳ֮ôѵȷ
ˣˣ˭̯㣬㽲ˡʹõȷʵΪ˵ķͷ֡ҲֽܹƵģǽ𵤻Ǵˣɣħ壬ܹƵҲǷڡ
鱦
鱦С̾ǹʱ޵֮Ƶı֮Ϊ鱦ÿһ鱦ǿĴڣôȻвͬ඼ǳĴڡǳУԽսҲδɰ
ԽսһһУȴ𾪲ѡȻҲԽսٹڵˣǿٹϵĶˡֻ֪ÿβǶԷ⣬ͻʤˣԵǻܹƺÿԵҲġ
Сף˵ʱ޵ߣѵǸڵ߲һô
һʲôһҲǲˣСҲΪԼա
һС׼ҲˣѰ˻ʵǰ˵ӢĽܣħӣ֪Щ
С׼һ׷ʣȻȴҲȥЩ˵˵ӢĽܺˣĴ֪
֪ģһԪڣȻڣҶź貨š
Сѧһ˵ͷһӿɽ̵ӣӢָŮޣֱһԪڵӢӷƣ貨ŻӢӼ⻨ҶŵѩӢѩȻӵĳƺǺ߼ӵģȴҲõɽ㷺ͬĽͬһԪڵĪڵſ˾ͽˣԼҶŵ¡
һ⻰Ȼԭˣħֱħڣħźսħţ˵
СװģĿ˿ȣħҪ࣬ǵȻΪ֪ȴ֪֮٣ҲΪӴ˺Ʒƣ֪Ǵ˵е鹫ӡ
鹫ӣһʮʡ
ħӣֱ顢ɱѪ衢ˣ鹫ӺƷƺɱӶħڵӣǶӺѪӶħŵĵӣ蹫ӺͿսħŵĵˡ
˾ȻΪţǺƷҲʶˣΪ̫ȤɣȷʵҲ˵һ̾
⻰СһҲͰˣ鹫˿籣ڣҵĶ֡
һͷЦСףȻСڻν֮ӹ鹫֮ƵĺƷ׷ȻԿ٣վɹѣɼ˵ѪȷʵǷͬѰˡ
СҲ֪ʲôʱָܻأ
С׵˿佱ͦʮֽЩʲôҩ˵㲻ʲôֻһǴ󲹡ֻҪÿһӦָܺܿġ
һһϲʲô
С׽һ֣꣡


ھʮ 
һԣĲƷǻǣζ̫һϲ꣬ڸв󲹣˵ţСͷ촽
һǳ鶯Сǻ֣׳ڶӣѹҪ̳ˣȻΪ޸ƣָ
һԴ˲УϾ̨֮оһ˳ɰǧǵıҶһǸޱĶ
ȻСҪ꣬Ǿȥˣɻȴ˰۵ģ֪˲ãǻжĺá
СԲ֮ԱǣαҵͲҪǿʳ쾭塣
һЦҲǿʳһأȭͷȻ˵ʹֻͬʱиֹصУʡ塢ǡţɱ¾뱻ɱ¾ô򵥵ġ
СЩֻͷˣߴһȥҪջָ
һ˺üսħŮƷƶǶ£λʿǰúôĥ̶ȻĶǲСġ
СףӦ֪²ĵβҶ̫ˣǺúһܲͻƲǡ˵ţһͳһö赤ץС
ףҶŵ赤ѩ͸İɣⵤҩȻͻƼãȴ̵ҪЩѩӢӣָôһҲСˡ
һԺǺһЦԣҩǸõģȻͻƼʹõĵҩǱ㲻ʮ󣬶оͻڼֻںôһöҩء
ֽ̧赤Уһоȫë׶ſˣƺÿë׶һ죬֮еʶҲͻȻ̶࣬һ֮еĳͷ
˴˻һ԰ɣ
һͷһ̨֮УΪʶûԾԼ֮ϣŵıҶʼ䡷
һ飬飬顭š䡷УһֻԼͷתķɿ죬̨֮еҲŷ࣬һɣɣ̶ʱһࡣ̨֮г˸ûκεطܹˡ
ؼʱˣ
һͷ䡷һصķţ̨֮ϣһɫâ·̫һ㡣ͬĭһǵڽ֮£ѸٵȥһɣɡܿصԭǷĴԭʮɣųɣ˳ɣȻѹֻʣһɡ
⣬⣡
һһǱѹٲܼѹȻһ΢ĹâĽɫâȻ롶䡷ĵɫмơ
һͷһϲ֪Ҫ޵ڶ㡮⡯ļֻҪܹڱǿɹˣûܱڡ䡷ɢ֮ɢĻǳʧˡ
ȥɽȻسưԣδı仯ȻһȻΪӣţУζᣬʩ価ǣ
ʱһܹҲֻн䡷ʹܹĸʱ䣬ʹ֮֮⾫֮ڷ㻽⡣壬֤ŴĻڿԽԽǿķ⣬Ժ޷ĳɾϽԽߡ
һﻹ˵֮飬Ҫ⡣أ䡷ĿʼҲԽԽŽĽȥһ˿Ҳմȥ´˴γ⡯Ҫʧˡ
һЩģȴҲ׼Ͼɶԣ쾳粻һ࣬Ȼ޷һЩȴΪûָʶβ·˽
˾Ҫʧôһһ̾ͷ֮еġ䡷ҲͣУһ˿Σͷ뷨ͷ
ౡ
һһУתͷȥȴͷǱҶҶ֮һСɵӰϸȥСʲô
ŶСףӡѵ㻹ʶô
ƺһСӰϵ౽һ״һ˿ͯģڴʱһɱǿʮ͵ĳ̨֮СǿήȻһǡ
ΪǿѵСףΪʲô֮ǰûһͷɲȴ֪һǰһٴγ⾳Ļᡣ


ھʮ 뿪
廹ǲ壡һͷţ֮нķ⣬͵˾ģնȲ£ٴγ⾳磬ƴˣ
˵һͷһͣµġ䡷Ǽɢĵʱ˰ļǿŷĽ
СףͿˣ
һͷһȣͷǸ̨ıҶӿȥ͵һʮƽӿһǿĹʣµɢɢҲȵùǿһˡ
ǿСףĹɾĸٹʿˣʣȻ٣ȴҲɢ
һͷԽЩһԱȣʱЩʲôʱҲֻܽЩ뷨ʱ£ȴպٴδˡ
⣡
͵ע֮Уͬˮһ̶ʱһɣٶ˿һЩ롶䡷֮Уһֻѹ࣬ƺҲΪԼάĵá
Ϊ̨֮࣬
һһȣӿ׷עһ֮УǷһʱ֣ȥһҲưոݣһãһȡҶ֮еһάĽ⣬ͬղһ㣬Ͻ֮УãʹһȽȽһָ·̨֮һ㡣
ȴ˵С濴һЩ̬꣬ͷûһ˿в֮С̱֪ǹ챴ҶӡڷӦһ⡣
ģôʱ⣬ˣˣһǲأǿָɣ
СѵóԸʲôȥˣֻǼûзֵĵطҲֻĬĬĶһԣһ
һգһƤһתĳһ¶һɫ
С׼״һͻˣԣͻǶǵģô£
һҡҡͷ˵ԭƴȫ⣬ڱҶļӳ£ơҲֻ˵⣬ľȻﵽȼ⣬ȴһûܽⳤֻǽ˱Ҷʱ֮ˣǰ֮ڻûܴﵽ㹻⽫ȥҪ͵ٴκķѾȼˡ
һľǲҲ£̨⣬ʱܹʩչһЩЩȴȲĿ⣬ʶֻܳ뿪⡱
һĽͣСװϾҲˡ䡷ᵤ磬ڸ߲ĸȴǱһǿ˲١ȡ롱ȴҲ˵ġ
СףλҪİ뿪⡯Ҳﲻأ
Сױͻĵл˵ЩֲæƲȥһףȻˣҲøȥˣһָ֮󣬶Ҫģ
һڨڨһЦ֪ǲܵģϾҶͨԼǼʶ˵ġ
֮һͻʯϢ˲׼һһԴУԱߵһ޾ۼظȥ
ԴУһ˵ĵطһصĿ˿ܣһѳںڵķɽ
οҪԼˣ
һٺһЦͷһ̨֮еķʢһ˿̨ʱڷɽϡʱЩдӡǶĨȥ˲һӡ
죡
һֽɽ׳ǻںڽ⵱һȦصԼǰһԾȥվ˽Ÿ
Լĸо֮ߣˣ
һҲͷĻϲЦŴ߶˷ɽ֮߷ȥֻмϵС׼״мƲƲ죬Ͼ˵ֻСˡ
ʱ֮ߵıԵһпʱСҪʱɵۡ
ȻˣǶԸҲû˰ɣǾ͸Ͽڶ㣬һ޵̫ûнˣ
֮ǵͽ޳ħ֮أһΪ㣬һ޳û֮أڶǶޣޡ
СҪһȻզ࣬ϾܶԸ޺ܶԸһȺ޵ĸǲһģڶ֮ٶǱٹ۷ʿˣԼŲǡ뿪⡱ˡ
СظƱ˵ѶԸ޾֮һŷϾ˵ҲһĹ̡޶С˵ǻָĴ֮ҩ˵ֺγǻԴȪ
ã߰ɣڶ㣬ˣ


ھʮ 仯
֮ߵڶһƬյϣӰڲһԿΣһȴǲľƺԳһࡣ
Сףæôٲͷ޿ҪӰϵĶԳ޵׷ȴǻӣ˲һ˭ˡ
ʱۣһαǰʱ⡣һĴʱ䶼֮ɱޡ޶ǶޣһǿȱٹʿĴڡսеʱһȻš뿪⡱ΪȴҲʮǿС׵İ֮²Žնɱʱƣɱޣȡӣǿĳļɡڲǰһͻ˿⾳硣
Ŀ뿪ȴǲ̨֮ͬǲ£Ƕڷ޵һһ硣
һԾ֮䣬һ޵СסȴСײ˵һҵ꣬㵹ͻƿˣһûлָأ˿øң
һԸЦȴСԣ̨֮еıҶǰԵ֮ıԾľͽȥСһԳԱˣ»ûͻƿ⡣
ããøˣʵͻƿҲûкôһץС׳ԳӹȥԼһܿˡ
Գ޿һһë׵ĶѾһǣԳһǻ۽ϸߣʲôһ˿ȥ
һ׳ȥСҲ޻˵ԭһͻƿֻ֮Ҳžͻ˿⾳硣ȻȾ㲻ʲôվͻƣǿһµ·ӣһ̶Ҳˡһ˵ҲһԵˡ
СһԱȻҪǰԳȻõĿˡ
СӣǹԹɣ
СһȣڿеʱαѸ䵽ϾͻԴСһֻ׺ꡣѩ׵ëŮӿˣȻϲòˣüĵһؽɫë͸ȣʱڶĳβȴ
СȻвʱҪ˵ûͻƣȴҲԲЩ̳Եˡڶ۷㹻֮ʮ˳ľͳ˵βһе˳£һʣҲ֪С׾ʲôˣֻĶѻˡ
ȴ˵Գ޿ҡβСףԳһԻľ֮ɫϵﾹȻޣĸо޻ʮֵĲѰ
֨֨
Գ޳С׽һ㡣
СĲģһ֣һ֮˳Գŵֱ£ܵ뷨ˡС׻ͷĿһһۣΪԵͼ޵ѹޱȴġߵԳǰһצӴȥԳ޴ſ¡һһһǳɫԳڷ룬С׿С
׽һ֮Сײ˵޶ˣҪҪζ޵ζ
һ֪С׵˼ʵԸǴ´࣬ԸȴЩΪѡҪ֪ƾǿڳڱͬʿǿ˼֣ڵǵһ󾳽ġ
һȻţҲ޵ʵϾСҲ޾磬Ѱ޿žԵƣ룬Ƿ㣬ЦСףɴҪˣȥμɴᣬȻٳΣ
СȻʱ⣬֪ǱҶӰ죬ԭһҲЩ˳ӣȻˣЩСƢȴҲһֻˡ
С׽һëͬѩ׷赲һߣƬ֮һӰǰ
Сףֱ仯ˣĺβͺͶɻ¶أ
˲Сױ仯ʲôһμûвǰޱˣϻûһ׽Ƥװǽ߹յʮáֻβͺͷë׵ĶȴǱ¶ݡ
һĻСԼĶβͣĵһһۣΪûлظﻹ㿴ĳ
ԴӻظβСױһֻεֻǲȫ㹻Ϊ֮Ѳѣֻһôһˡ̫࣬θðˡ
ðɣҷˣǴﵽ𵤾磬Ժ˵ĵطɲٱ仯ΡֻҪӦңǾȥɱͷ޺ˡһӲͷֻ˲
⻰СЦݣЦȴһݵóѵĽ


ھʮ Ὣ
ɴᣬΪѡ˵Ӷˣɢ޺ڶɼԣǿһʢᡣһ죬ÿζܹõ֮ѡӣһѡ룬ЩɢޣǼɱƽơ
һƬСҶԴɵķ֮£ʶ˵صɴȻԴ֣᳡Դɽ֮⣬ԴȴǲԶġ
ڴǰһ£Դ֮б½½˲μӴˣɢ޽鳤;棬ɼЯŮ̶̵֮һʱ䣬ԴпջﶼסˡҪ˵߲Ǳסڿջȴᣬ߻ӣ˭Ҳ֪ǲ֮У᲻ᱻ˽ˡʶԴɵפصԴвõѡ
ȴ˵ԶԶһϣһһǱĲڷɽϣǵġ¡Щãɼ˺Щ顣
Сף㲻˵ҪֵôôҸЩôʱ䣬·ˡ
һϵС׹޹ͻȻ˵Ҫ޹ôȻ˷Щʱ㹻Ҷץͷˡ
һԿЦȴ˵ӦСȥɱޡ֮󣬿һͷͷСײɱԼȴ̲סˣϲ֮¾һԣֻû뵽ЩСѹ޾ȻԼǿ̫࣬ȴǸԼǱѡ
ˣõЩ޲ҲһķˣҪԵģһҲ˼ʤ㡣
ţһܿ˸ط½ԼסĿջȥȻʱջһ㶨˵طȻûס
ջùȻԤǰɽ˺ҲԼǱģаհֱӳȥ
׻ƣڼ䡣һ£ƫƫȻһ߽еƹģǸؤеطסȴûеط
˵һҲ֪˵ԼϾڳֻԼһá˵һӸӣҲ飬ͬδһɳȥ򿪽ƣ뷿㲻
һһֻһۣͨ㿪ֻǰǹӸ磬üͷ΢壬֪º£
⹫лƾһɼ峤ӡ֮ʱֳ츳Ǽ֧£ʮﵽ˱ٹڣ˴α˼廨Ѵ۵ĿıΪ˼Դɡ緢ٰȻǲ˵ˡ˴һ·棬ȴǴʱ䣬ϵеʱȴҲϺõķ䣬ƵʱȴǼһ
һ֮·쭣ÿջóջоݺ̨Ӳһףȴһҵһ
ƾһһõ·Ϊ˲һɢޡΪɼ壬Ϳɢޣٴμ棬һȻһóۣȴȻ㲻ϵķ·ͷ͸Ǳˡ
ɼ壬湦֪ģһ˹֣λѣջƣˮƼӵܣ˴ǰһ̡
Թɫһı޿Σƾĵһ۱㿴صĲм֪ɼѰɢ޶ǿģҶȴǱȽٵġһԼǰ᾵ڽ롰뿪⡱⡱֮ѻص̣ҲֻʵߵıȻƽʱҲˣôһӸ磬Ȼ㿴ңͬ㡣⻰һ䵭˵ʲô£˵ˡ
ƾԼţһ̬䵭бҲмֳǸˣѹ»³ԴУȴûҵʵסʶסʮöʯѽó֪Σ˵ʮöʯ
һȻ֪ͼȴû뵽ԷζãֱӾͿ˿
ʮöʯһͷЦѣԴĿǻƾʮöʯԶʮˣⷿȴǲóģ˰ɣ
ƾΪʮöʯĶɢ޻ϲĽó֪һǴ˺üٹʿиʿȴڣȱǮ
㣡ƾԴвĵһһ˿ٹȵƷųȻҪΪѹһ
һδ˵ûˣͻ뿪ɣ»Ҫأ˵ҲܻƾΣ㽫һأƿٲˡ
ʶôƾһҪʩƷţȴһתͷȥһӡƾһ壬ŵ˵һͨνᣬҲǸɢ޵ˣֻ͸Ҳ֪˵زܹµĵطȰ˻ƾȥ
УһڴϣС竣Ȼãζȴǲġ
Сף²ᣬʱɲġ
⻰СҲ˵Сèһ㽫һ̣ȴǺ˯


ھʮ 
֮ɴῪʼӡԴɽͷܶʱʱļһȺ֮УЩˣеμɴģеι۵ģǽǰġϾôʢᣬô࣬һС̻ˡ
ʱ䣬һһɨǰǱǻϰʯһһķ¡ϣȻɱ仯ɫ֮ǰ𣬵ȴһ
ɴῪʼһʱ䣬һҲʱΧй䣬ܷҵЩöڵõС֮Сһİٿȫ飬ʲôϣƷӲĺۡͿһԵٺö֮ǰлҵõǼͭҲһۿһƵķȻȼ̫ߣվǷ޸ˣܹʩչĻҲһ֮ˡ
ȻһҲָͳһöû˻Ӷ࣬һȻҲᡣ
Ż᳡˴ȦһЩҩͷϾĶҪ׼õġ߹һͷҷͷ̯λʱС׺Ȼ
ͣ£ͣ£кöˣȥˣ
һ֪̫ԣŲŲͷ̯λǰ̯λȴһƤӺͲϣûһһ޲ϵġ֪Сײ޵ķʸȻַȴʮĵĿһһָЩͬƤ
ķһһССƻǻַ֣ЩϤͼƤӵ롣
ʮѪһͷһⶫȻֻһΣȴǽģϾСҲ̾Ķ
һɫķһץ𼸿ƤӺһö޽ǵҪһذףЩϸպãЩҪʯ
ͷһץЩǵۿһָöʯֻҪöˣ
һԱһּۻۣԱ㲻Ŀͷ˥ȴв̣˵ͷöʯ˹ȥתȥˡ
Сףʲô
˵һƤ뻳УƬ֮󣬱С׵ҲǶ޵һзޣáȻǻޣСѹôһͷܹõˡ
һ˵ͷȥһһЩƷĲϣһܹĲϣȻ٣ֵȴԶԶһʯﳬֵˡ
һ꣬Ҫ᳡ʱȴһθߵǰĵѣɴᣬ˵ȻǲҪȥĺá
һüͷ΢壬תȥǰҪĻƾƾһӣʹһʿ
ԭǻƵѣҲμɴᣬ㲻˵ȡһ˵һ䣬Ҳǣת㳯᳡ȥ
㣬վסȴûƾôһڼŵĹʮֲ
ѻʲôôһҪμӴᣬȴ˵Ȳýģʱ䲢࣬£Ҿˣͷǵ˵ôһ䣬һǹһЦݣȥٲᡣ
ƾȴ¡
˴Դɵĵ̣ö֣ǻƼҶԲ˶ߡԴɣСӣʰɣ
ⷬȰƾѹͷ˵ͷ׿粽᳡ȥ
ȴ˵᳡ǰµһæסʾ߻һöʯ볡ۿ
һզ಻ѣҲ˵һöʯͼһ볡ۿȼ۸һˣһʯȥˣǴʯ죬׬Ǯס
ʾһ˳᳡֮Сֻ֪ǣȥ֮֮бһȥˡ
᳡һС֮Уһžžʲôǰ֮бһ˽뷿Уֵʦ壬һʿ˱ŷųǰ
ͷҲ̧Ŷһ֪˭˷ųģ
ϢжϣӦǽϣʦֵġ
ϣ̧ͷƬ̣ŵ֪ˣһᴦģȥɣ
ȵǵȥ֮üͷ΢ʦܿеľӢӣųӦøӲǣСмʵűˣʿΪǵһ㣬˭ûӣ˰ʣɨأþˡ˵ţ¶һ˿Цֿ̣ʼɿļ


ھʮ һ
᳡֮УǰһҲʹųһȥЩι۵һߡ
սһʮֿĴ֮Уֻý˻߶ǵЩоǳɼȫμɴˡ
һۿȥЩǱٹڣĳڣһɲЩ˴඼ɼʿʮѣҪķʱ⡣
һҲδѵˣʹɴḶ́Ϊ飬ֱԣӮһлᱻСУȻᲢ̫Ӯĳ֮ڣܱɺСУԴɣѡʮϸҪܱӮ峡ϲŻ¼Ҳ˵ǧֻ¼˰ˡȻЩܵˣʲôسҲпܱѡġ
һɷŻûеõͻƣ˿Ҳڣʶһ֮С˵޵ͨʩչ絽ˣʩչڵķֶΣҲԶԶˡıǮҲĵڡ
һȴűԵĿʼʱС׵У鷳ˣ˵Ļ̫أһС¶ҪãͲĳ졣
һ֪ʲôҲȥԹԵ붨С˵ǻƾ֮Уһҵһ˹ԭдһΣ
һ۹۱ǣǹģδţ֪ɲʲô˶ܶĵطֻҪԼԸ֣ǲҳֵġ
мһɲӦƾȻȴҲû취ֻ÷߷ߵһ䣬һǼӵܵĵطȥˡ
ԼĪһʱ֮󣬱ִµǰȡһöƣǱ֮ʱĴţһõĺǾߣ൱ȴҲڵķΧڡ
˺ƣеǰ˵أҲǱ֮вùɱʲôģ־Ͳ˵ġֻɱ˺ʹɱ˵жȫԴУǲʲôġ
֮󣬱㿪ʼ˽кţе˳ȥ̨ԣ˵档һȴֻܾĵȴţ˳ȥֻһˣɼģһǱ̭ˡ
˵ڶ࣬ԴҲǴɣһ׼ϰٵ̨ͬʱϰ˱ԡȴʱ֮󣬱˽кţ߳ԣ
һ˫Ŀһһâ֣̤ɵĵһֻҪһֱʤȥܽԴɣܹõõԴܹ·ߵĸԶ
·ߵУֻûкЩ̨˱ԣڣбٹڣмڡ
ʮɼ̨ϣһվһŻ꣬Ǽ·Ƿ𣬶ϳеҲǷķɽѰɢޣźͼҵȻԷһߡ
һ˹ֵѴͽ̣
һȻö⿴ɢ޵ЩԾԣѣϼɿɢޣҲΪ˵ͷһаɣһ䣬㽫ɽ˳
һĻһҲԾҪ˵Ѱ޷ʹɽϵʿϺķԪΪ֮ӡӡǣȴҲǿܹʹõġǰȱˡ
һͷ̾һˣҲܹأԼȷʵˣԼʹ̨Ҳܹ֮еĻ¡뵽һɫһ䣬ֻҪ·ǰ棬ɻħֻһѡǾ߱ħ
úã
һһ̧Ҳںڷɽųųķɽ鶯ʮ֣Ѹʮ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƺǷɽ֮ǰ
⣬ɽǱʱ뵽ƽʱӵɢ޾ȻзɽܹʹɽԼƴ
һЦһѴˣ¾Ͳˣ
˵ţֻϷһ䣬ںڽбĽһʱȥգ֮ǰ
Ҫɱң
ŵﻹз뷨æϹעʱһƹⱩ𣬽ںڽסܴ
û飬ǲҪˣ
һ˵Ϸٱ䣬һںڽ֮Уʱ⻪ʢ͵һڻɫϡ
ŷط̣˭һɾɫڣڷµı֮УȻжȥ˾ųһɴϣ˴ڱײ̨
ߺŻʤһԵִµæ
һҲԹĿԼĹ˹֣㳯Ϣȥ


ھʮ 
һٸ̨һٸԣһıԸտʼͽˣ̨һĬĬĻصϢƺû˷ôһĴڣֻǼ¼ϣһѾʤһ
صϢһüͷһ壬ֻǻƾһȺɼӵܵ
û뵽ѻӮһʵã»СԸɣƾԴĿһ֮ûһζ
Ա߼ȴԻƾΪף׷Це˼ԶЦһôһɢֻͶСɡ
һȻһЦлѹˣΪǳܹСɱǺˣֻףԸܹɣʱչ˲ǡ
һƮƮĻƾһ㶼û˵Ŀ⣬ͷҲûܷһ˵Ժлᣬһúչ˵㣡˵Ÿǽչˡúأһ˿ˡ
һĵ˵ͷ»ҪȥϢ׼һˣܷѣ£˵꣬ƿһˣ㳯һȥ
ߣʶôĶ֪ү
˲ʵƾǼҲ׷׸һûƾ˳⡣
ȴ˵һһԱһȴһ˹
ˣС磬ǱЩӸ۸ˣ˵һ仰תƵ
һҲֻǱĿȥˡ
˭֪ȴǸ죬ԹԵ˵СҲɢްգҲǣҽҲһɢޣ˵ô˵зҡֱϾһ죬ҲġС磬˵ô࣬Ҳ˵˵£
һ뵽˵ֻÿڵһɢһǼӵˡ
һ˵ٺһЦһ֣һˣѽҲǷͬѰĴЩӵܣһеֶ竣վɲ򣬽۸ǣָ˭۸˭ء˵벻ǡ
һͷЩΣֲЦˣҲֻӦ
ӦУ˵ͣԼʶЩɼӵܵӼһͨ˵·ǧû˵һ㡣
ɫɫһ٣ЩΪһǳմ˿εĽԼչʾǰһܹʡ˵Ϳ˶ԣһ˫۾ĿνϽˡˣһҲʹôӰͶϺˡ
Ȼܶ࣬Կ׽ȴûбֳӦֻ£ˡ飬һȴǲеġϾн绹Ƿף˶Ĵڣ˷ܹøõĻ֧֡
һ˵һ֮Ȼͣ»ͷΪصĶһ֣һܣֵ֪ܿԸ
һ÷Ŀش
״εЦЦˣˣʵҲ֪ģҸһǧöʯǲֵ֪ķʲô
һǧöʯһЩˡ
ٺһЦһļ㻹װأѴۣ쾳ܹõҪ֪һǧöʯǺü۵ģһҵˡ
һԸɻˣƺԼһ㣬ҲǵõʲôһǧöʯĴۣԼȴǲ֪ʲô۾ͻˡ
һģ̾һˣˣû뵽ֵôϣðɣʱ򣬾֪ˣֵܰԺţǾͬʦֵˣҪú໥չ˰
һȻ֪ʲô˼Ҳͷ֧Ʊ˵ͷӦȴҲϲһֻǰһá
ȴ˵һһĲᣬһαԺܿͽˣ˵ھɳѡȡˣֻҪѡ㣬ִӦǾǻʸˡ
ڶõһʤˣѡ졣ЩԼŵ˵ڵһαѡоˣȻҲ˲ԸСɣܾҲ
ֻһµߵһǰڵߣˣԸԴɣ
ţһʱһŵһαʤԴɾȻɳԼǾԲϳġ
æӦˣתͷüŪ۵Ŀһƺ˵㿴ɣͱװˡ
һһʱŪ״ִµţǲͷĴߴٵߣ㵽ԸⲻԸ⣬ǲԸ⣬ҿɾˣ


һ ߺ
һȻûô£μɴĿĲΪ˼һõôԴɾǰﻹвҪ֮
λִ´ˣԸ⣡һæֵ
ִµӵ˵ͷֳһطȥһĹ۲£ʮ˱ʵҶʿһæĴӦ
߰ɣȥʦ崦ɣִµһ˱㳯ȥڶӶĽѵĿʮˣһЩ±ۺӵȴмĿȥ
ǻƾʮһȴЩԾЦһû뵽СӻֶԴɣѹôţԴҲҪŵȣűүɣ֪ﱾүĺġ
ȴ˵һ˱ųһȥִµӵѣ˶Ƕ໰ı졣
һԺ֮Уֻһ᳡ʱõǸһʯžžĲ̡
ʦ壬ӽѡ˴ˡ
ʦ̣ͣ˿ʮˣ¶һ˰Цݣɤӵܽ뱾ţǵĸúøɰɣǵĸлرģ
һ֮ľ⻰ϲƺ⻰ﻹбζ
ˣʦֶʲô˵ţʦָָһ
һæݼʦ壬һ
ʦĵ˵ͷһ߶飬һãŵһʦҽⲩͨУǼʦ壬Ҫǵð
ʦ壡һһ㶣Ȼõ֮ʱ˵ĻŻȻԼõԭǽйϵ뵽ԼȻһκţͷɵһЦǺ£ҲǱ˵ĺ⣬Ҳ᲻ľܾ
ʦģǽʦ壬һ
ⲩͨ⻰Ϊ⣬Աߵĵ˵㽫Ǵɽɣݰˣһ¡
⻰ִµᣬ˰л֮󣬱㳯ȥ
һȥıӰⲩͨٺһЦһ̣ȻһЩʯ˵ʦܽԵԺĺôǲ˵İ
ִµӴһ˳˻᳡һ·ԴɽȥȻԴɽŸɽۣ˶ΪʮΪѣһʱ֮󣬱ԶԶĿɽʮֺֻĽȺƣƮķ羰˼ɾɼҸһ㡣
ִµһߣһ˵صǰɽˣŵӣûȡƣб㲻õ߶ֻܴԼԺ֮Сǽȡſ֮һӦ֮󣬳Ϊʽˡ
ⷬأûһ˸ΥһϾǴɵڣһž㹻÷Ĵڡ
ִµŵӷ˵֮󣬽ʮ˴УһƫƧԺ䰲ס£ٴηԸһ˵֮󣬱ȥˡ
һҹһڴϣһŵСס
С˯ˣһڵԴɵҲ㣬ȵɽˣ̫ݣûɱ
һǰҲΪͬԴ֮Ÿõľ鷨󣬻˵ڣ⻹ԴɱԵش̶ȾͱϺÿշõҩҲˡҸǣº񴼺ͣȣ߻ħĻҲС˲١
һ䣬һͲЦˣȴʲôɱУҲޣҪɱɱġ
Сףǿ˵˵ģлȥɱޣɲҪ
СײмƲƲ죬Ĭˡ
һ׼˵ʱ򣬱ʦܣϢˣ
һ֪֪Լߺ֮Ҳ˼Ҳ˵ԼѵǹϵѵһǧöʯʯһСɼ嶼ǲСĿˣôһɢ޾ȻܹóԿó֮µһطⲻ˽ôһͬʱŵˣҲһѡ
ùȻһЦԭʦ֣ʦʲôôȻԷʦֵˣһҲԲɨӡ
ǺһЦĽ뷿УĿһû뵽û뵽ʦ㾹Ȼк̨ˣЩѴʯذ
һЦҲֻǵݹˮ
һڣɫʦܣʵ˵ǲǽϽʦ壿


һһ 
⻰һ˼һתýϵϵ󣬱֪Ҳûʲô⣬˵ͷǽϽʦ塣
õһȷϣ¶ŨŨĽ֮ɫʦܣʶʦģкιϵǿǱһĶﰡ
һЩΪȻϾӢĽܣﶼԼ»һͷǽᵤڵޣֻǼ򵥵˵Ҫ˵ϵʦȴûʲôϵģֻǵһ֮Եġ
ʲôһ֮ԵʹһɵĿһ
һڨڨһЦ⻰˵˵ԼţʱԽΪֺѩŸԼһôѩͺƷƵȴǲԸ˵ģϾһϾòС飬ٽŮ˵ɾͲ֪ʲôˡ
һ´˺һ￴ĳһ֮ĥӲʩչȴҲܴһ˳㶫ֻйˣˣû뵽ʦڷôұһˣʵܹȸ꣬޳ɱٹڣƾŵˡҲգʦıŻһʱ䣬ֻҪ޳ɱٹڣͬΪŵӡٶȿһЩҲ˵
ţţǺεѵǽֻŵôһȻСף˲ټʶɹȴҲԲ⡣
̾һû뵽ʦҲ֪Ҳǣעܽŵˣͬģұ˵һ˵ˣֻϣʦܽɻڴҪֵҰҪ֪ɣԴȴɣµǧƣȻǲͳһԴ˵ӵΪʣȻﻹ˼ʹϵӷΪ֡һ־ʵҲûк̨ģЩ˵λͣڴӵŵӣҲڵǡڶһʵ˵һĺ̨Щ˵λеȣǹһЩ£߽ȡܹøཱǱŵӡʵǿ˵ĺ̨Щڵ֮ߵȵĴڣһ£Щ˴ɵʵõ࣬Ǹʦ֮Ǿͽ洫ӡǽϣʦ壬洫֮еٮٮߣ˲ʱ˽𵤾磬һǱڱŶǰʮԺţǳΪ϶ǲܵġȻźͳһˣ˵ɾǵģʲôȻǶˣҪΪϣԴɣҪԪӤΪǲǿɼĴأ˵ţһĭȻʮĽ
һһ˽ԴɵĽṹ⻰˵Լк̨ĵӣǽܹٹڣܳΪŵӣõõĴǽͻƣпܳΪ洫ӣԽ̵Ȼߺܶ·ġ
ôʦܣ뷨˰ɣպŵӣʦҾͿüŪ۵˵
ʦֽյĴͽ̣ʦǳȻʦֵĶݾˣֻʦҶйػ̫ʦгӦ֪֮ˣҽһҲǳʶҲó˲ӡ
һڴӦʮֻϲظĲ˵һǧöʯЩһ֪ģŵӴȻͣɢ޺СʿȴҲǱȲģҲԴˣÿһʱĽ˵ûнʿǰǿǴûᰡ˵˵һǳأŵӵ䣬ú÷˵һ˵͵÷񣬵ʱʦҲһʺϵġ˵þͻӰʲôʱΪŵء
һһʱ˾񣬱Ͼ֮·᫿ǰ·ȻǺõġʿѾǿڶɾˣݽ֮£Щ΢ָԼȲԣҲඥʲôģĻƺҲȽҪһȻҲһ
ˣʦָˣ
һ̵ⷬӣʮֻϲһЦϲĽ˵ЩѵʯϢȻɱ񣬵˵ȴǱɫ˲٣һ˶ýζͬʱڽ飬ͷҲһֻŻƣ֮󣬲ŶԺ顣
ҹҲǱҹΣϥ̸һֵܣʱ˲١Ȼ֮ϵҲһ˿Ķ


һ 
ڶգִµӹȻǰƣû˷һ˵󲻴˵ССȴҲķõȥҲֵüʮʯ
ȵһ˽ִ֮µӱ㻽˽Ķһһȡһɽһĺɫ£һСӣơ
ǷɽͷԴɵı׼䱸СǼ¼Ź棬Լͷ֮£ƣһеġȥѡȡؼƣһöܹѡһǷֻһ˵õĶΪͼƣ۹ǷֻǲؾģҲһϲѡϾͷȶ棬Ǵ·ڵʵʯҲһҵط
ⴢֺǺǵĴʦܣ㿴ǲŵһ¶мʮʯĴúûӣˣ˵ұĲ˵һİʯأԴȴɵղأǸ򲻵أ
һΪͬĵ˵ͷҲΣԵɵĴУĶ˵͸ҲͰˣǽʯʱ俴ЩԼȴǲһʲôûѾ͵õЩöô˵׬ˡ
ʮС۵ʱִµӽ˴ϣŹ֮Ҳ֪ԼŵӵˡŵڱҪڷۣѡһ񣬾ͺѸıˡӦԼѡģҲ˽⣬Ƿһ¡Լˣҩ԰֣ȥޡ
һϸϲȻе˷ֵԼҪеȴЩùֵԸġܹģֻ
һ𿴹˵𡣡
һ仰һϲޱһ⣬ҲһʲȻտûϾĸʦֻʦˣҩһöϺõĵҩֵʯҲǲСġʱ˵Ͳûˮˡһԣ㲻ѵģϾҩһ˵ҲǸĶͷʯҲȱҩҪǣ̫ķʱˡ
ӻ
һ仰ɫһ࣬ȴֲͬȻ⣬е˶ֻһȻʦʦ󷽵ĸһöʯȵϵҩʵݡʶ棬Ȼ㲻ȴҲǲȥĵط֮һ
һģͷȻ뷨æǰִµӵʦи֮룬ʦְæ˵ţһʮöʯϣصִµС
ִµӱЩͷһҲѹͷĲ졣֪һбˣʶ˴βŷһʲֻû뵽һ뷨һǶءˣҲֽʯ˹
ʦʲô£˵ǡִµƽ͵˵ֶ̾ģ
һ΢΢һЦʦ֣ʦҴСΪϲã֮ʱҲûз֮£Ϊ£ʶǳվɣյУлһ֮ʶʦҲԸʦҽһΣ
ףȥִµЩͷԣȻһҪҪҲ㲻øߣ˼һת˵ͷʦпԭֻǲ֪ĸʦԸأ
ִµӻһ䣬æʦ֣Ը
⻰⻹һӣҲ뿪ڣȥһԭʦ֣ǾʦֽɣʦӦʣ
ִµӵ˵ͷԸȻûʲô⣬ˣһʦȥʦȥˡ˵Ŵһڲһ˶˵
֮еҪҶ׺õ˭Ҳ㻻ˣִµӰװ˺Щʯ֮һûе
ǺúŹ棬ձȥԵطǵãóˣСĸʦ֣ʦǺÿ䣬ִµӵ˵Ĵȥˡ
صУһŹ濴һ飬ȴٴš
ʦ֣к´ͽ̰һЦ
һļ򣬰βŵֵܣĶ˵ˣʦҵ鵤һٲһݣ
һȻһЦԭΪ˸лԼʵԣʺϣֻǴȴǲ˵ġ


һ 
Դһɣפǻֺ벻еλȼͬҲΪĸ򡣴㵽ڲ㣬ֱŵӣŵӣ洫ӣԼϣŵ˵ڡ
ΪŵӣһܽŵڵҲ£ҪŲܵõ
ʱ֮ǰһ˳ʾŵӡŵӽһ˺һ飬ŷ˽ȥٽ֮ʱҲõߡ
ţʮΪȥطͬʶֵһһԺһͬǰȥȻһԺ˵ԺҲǳĬһоƺԼе⡣
ѵڼǺҽøûиһͷЦ˵ƽԼӦøһᡣһԼģø˭ø˭ֻҪԷԸ⣬Ǿ쾭˭ҲܲţҿɲЩɵˣѵкöø׽ˣƫҪøʶˡ
һ·Ѱ档˵ʵһɽĵط汻һ෿䣬Ҳң˲ųһţţ洫ӶͬǵλԽߣֵܷķԽãڷĺûζ壬ȴһ֪ˡ
öǰпصӻ˶˹ȥһ¿ԵŵӣѰ£ŵǰǴӵģģϾΪֶβУܹƷͲˣҪҲô
˱еһ֮УֻһӣŴɫ棬һ˾һеȡ
ػ𣡡һǻӣһ˳ԴƷı֮һҲΪעһ£ڷƶһ򵥵˽⡣֮ĶҪǿĻ棬ǿʹ𡣵һĴ󣬶ȶѣʶ߸ĽһɼĻ
ڶ֮УػʹõΪձĴڣһѰң򿪵ؿǾҵ׿ƣȶֻԴ㿪ôһƬػȴҲһһд߲ͨܰ쵽
г۵Ļ⣬һԶһ෢׳ר־ĶŻ֮һҺһĶ
˽׳ŻعͷһЦⲩͨСֿ˹ȱˣǾˣ
һԣüͷһʲôģָĲô
ģеôģ˵˵˭
⻰һȻ˵ԼϲȴҲôͱ¶ȴһԺæڵʦ壬λʦԳóʶ
һüͷ΢壬ǱԼˣԺǽԼǺˡ
ŶСӻƹ٣óԼƵĸҿ׳ȤϾŵӴڣҲƹνġᡱȴǲ˲ٵġ
һ֪ҲʱһĨӴͳһ룬һذ׺
һӣ׳УһĨȼһ𣬾Ȼ˲
һ׳ɫǿ˵ͷȷʵǳһ֣֮ذ׺ҲͰˣֻ룬ȴҪһЩףСǲһЩЩƹ
̨ףһȻֵʦȻ棬ȴϲΪǳʶֻһЩɢѧһ
ǧƨһɫһǣȴǲ˷С׳һ׽һ֮󣬹һЦȻķĻ̫򵥣ǿֶҲˣۼڷҲƷˡðɣȻҪѧϰ뷨ҲлҾ͸㰲ɣÿϽʮʱ֧䣬ȥĦֻǲܴŶԷоǷ͵ϣȥӡ
һԣͷһϲȻԼ룬Ȼ˵Щѣ˵ʲôѵģʱ֧䣬Ҫ顣
һ£ΪϲԺƲѣûʲôسֻ˳ԿĴ
Сӣǵã׼ҳ۵ĵ̣ɲǲбġߣ׳Żˡ
˵⻰Ҳֻȥ
һĻԺͬҲԷֵ𡣲ֻֿǣԺһһĲһһȻ
Ǻ˭飬ֻҪҳ֣ұˣһδļƻѾԺһ˲֮еСС㲻ʲô


һ 
˵һƷĻƣҲһҡֻǳ۵ȴǲһڴСĿӶƮһβ¶ҲߡһƣҲԼʩչų¶ˡ
һִһǧƣͨĶûаȻһĲˡ
ֵЩһȻһЦ˵ƷһЦҪƵǷֻǲ̨֪֮еӷǷܹʤء
ǵע룬÷Ĺ󷨣˿ҵö˽Уֻǲ֪ŵӵǷܹ󷨷ĵ伮
һ룬һһ£һĳڳϡһӣʮڱϱ򵥵һͳˡ
˵һʮƵöӦнҲ̫Σ鷳ɾͲˣˣһ¾ưʮˣҲ١ҲΪԣŸһЩǸ֮ˡ
һ׼ʱ򣬻дܳһ׹⣬Сʲô
ɶ񰡣㵽ôģѵҪҾôô죬ôָ
һЦһСףҲŹ棬ŵûȨһҲôʱȫȥˣ
Ȱ˵СȻɲȴҲƽϢ˺ö࣬߷ߵ˸
һ״ЦҡҡͷҲбףõûͬʱҲɥʧһɣŵܹ
üˣսٹڣΪŵӣҲɺܶˡţһ֮С
ŵӵѶȵͣȴӷζճϢҹһطסͬתϵĻ
ʱٴδ˭ˡ
ʦܣΣɻ˳⣬ҿԺСƺǲⰡûʲôϰߵģ
һҡҡͷСܶȴƫãұƷҲˣʦȴǲͬġ
Ե˵ͷǸٶҲҪЩթȴҲ٣ԺСӣʦҲСģǸʲôö
һڨȻһЦʦַģʦáʦ⣬ƺʲô£
ٺһЦһ㿴ңŴյһߵȷʵˡ
Ŷʲô£˵
˵ͷ˵ҪлʦܣҲߵģ͸ʦˣԺиͬͬˡʦҽãʦȥˡ˵ţݹһСƿҩһ澹ȻǱٹȵ
ʦ֣ǣ
ǺһЦʦ壬û뵽˼ƨǹʦ⣬־ʹġ˵ˣʦҵһݣʦһݣû˵ٻɣ
һ˵ͷͷȴоЩԾٹȵȻ㲻ʲôöȴҲֵЩʯ⼸ƨܻⶫȴ̫ˡ漴˹ǣ뵽ǸҲں㶫
֮ɫĽθһ˵ˣʦεĺƭεĺƣϲ˵һ
һڨȻһЦҲıԣȻΪˣһЩСȴһ˶ǧǵˣȴֵύġ
̸˰ΣҲȥ뿪ʱ򣬻ѵʦܿɲҪ˺յĽǿ洫洫ӣٶٮٮأ
һʿһν𵤽ȴǾԲܴĻأһ֪Լȱٵľǰָ·ȻҲŹôһᡣ
ڶգһȥ˼ֵ֮
һʱȥܿӭ˵Ľʱ䣬һһų̨ȥ
⽲̨һ߸̨һţ·ɢҷšѰǽ֮棬Լ뽲ĻǷĵã⽲һЩšĵӴڣϵ˽Ȼһǳˡ
һʱ̨ǧŶһ롣ļӪ֮£һ΢ǰλӡ
һ֮žվں棬һһԶವһڸ̨ϡٶ֮Ѹ٣֮ȻɼþԲǱٹڸѧܹġڵʵˡ


һ 
֣һͷһȻӴ˵йǶµĸֶһǽ𵤼ǺƷƺѩǶǷͬһ𵤵ĴڡһӢָľǡ
Ҫ˵ڵʿҶ⣬ûʲôˡҵҶҲˣûչʾʿӦеʵ
ռΪ洫ӵ֣һȴһоҪ˵ʿڵĸɽԶȴ̫أʿ¶ǰĴɽʵʵڸ𺳺ѹȡ
Ȼ޹Ȼ뿪ڣ̨֮зⲻ𡣾;ѾǿͬٹȵĽ׶ΣʿʱһԸеѹҲͬͬһϵѹ
СӢ۰һ̾׼ˡ
̨ϵʿһӣһɫۣϸֵʣ˲㽫ѹˡ
λʦܣܣձڸλʦܽһٹ֮ţϣλʦ棡˵űһ۳ۣϿ
Ϊ죬֮һ֮лʶ֮ȻմȾۻ֮ʹ÷̥֮գ֮ˣ֮᲻Ȼұɣϴᣬ˳һ֮죬ʶԻ֮
˵·ӴɫƽƺûʲôоֻһһŵĵӲЩпĿţȴҲû̫ļżһ䣬¶иӡ⵹˵û֮ģֻЩӣöིȻ˲вͬĶȴǲģǵ괫ɵҲܹڣοʮҲûʲôоˡ
һȴǲ֮ͬн;ȻҶָ̣ڽȴʦͽв룬Ҷͷȴû빦Ҳ㡣
޷ͬɽʦͽУҵǳڣʱʦûʦſǲʮǧֻҪţȫԼԣʦţڸˡ
һһ·ƾԼľ͸оӲġѪͨ죬ܹϻ˳ޱȣʵȴʮΣյġ
ɽѭ򽥽ˮɣĻͬҪһ˲ͬûָ»˷ŹѰŹҲͰˣЩŹིһسɷ𡣶Ȼ谭ȴҲ¡
һ޵ķȴڲͬ˵ǽħĴڣʲôذʲô裬ֻҪܿ·ֻҪ㹻ܹ֮;Ѹޱȡʶ޷ľ飬һҲƾĻۣӲͻơʵѾƫɵˡ̨֮еһıҶѹͷΪһֱɸǿһ߻ħˡ
һΪΪϵͳĲһéٿඥ֮еһЩɬ֮һһõ˽𣬶ɵҲһ㣬ԼԼס޷֮ͬԺɷ˫ǺҪġ
һڣܱ㽲һʱ˸ͬеĻһеȴֱӾץʱֻһζţԼ뷨˼άʱѧķģ֮бȻ㣬ȴûԵ鶯·һ˿
ŵ֮еı仯һֻû̩ȫëûһûһ㲻ˬͻƾ֮⣬ˬҲˡ
һոոһʱȴǻһתҲЩˣλʦܴ໹ڣҾ΢һͻƵٹȵһЩ˰ɣ
⻰ǰЩ˲䶼عǶԣص㣬ͻƵٹڡǷŵӣǸ˵ʵ͵λõŵڴ顣
һݸͻƱٹҲģȻԴҲʮ⡣һ˵ǰ洦ûȫ˷Ҳǳ˼ʶԼڵλá
ǰһֱΪԼ۷壬ʱͻƣû뵽ǲһأҲãõʱǿͻ߻ħ
¸ԼλһͷҲʮֳ졣ҲԽĺô˴·ǱʯͷҪã˵ڳڵʱܹһʵĻʮҪġ
Ҳûг̫ãܵ洫ӽЩĵ֮ȥ˼״ҲͣƬ̣׷ȥ
һҲȥȴգգ۵ʦܣߣȥһط


һ 
һطúһȴǲܾʵʦ֣ʲôô
ٺһЦСʦӦò֪Խȡ鼮ɣ
һһ㶣ͷȻȡƣûʹãʲôʱʹá
ʦ֣˼ǣͿƻȡ鼮һɻ
ĵͷǰձ㻨һЩʯһʦ֪˺ЩţȻҲĺûˣֻǿϧǣִʦָûиѡأҲʦ㽫øˡȡ鼮飬ǲˡа˹أ˷ǵ˼˼ܵõ֪ͨǲ˼˲ŲѰ䡣أᱻڹɵǺǵĵű˸ء
һȻԭ滹è壬Ҳѹˣǰ˽ЩˣȻҲǱǰʦָѹեˣ㱾ǮҪ̻ġǼ֮´˹ϵһЩŹؼ˸ԼҲռ˱ˡ
Ȼˣ֪ʦЩʲôѵھܻȡ鼮ôһæʵ
һЦڲæ˵߾ˣЩСĥȥǿҪúһ˵ű㽫һųһȥ
ſڣƱȥˣȻһֱߣȴһΰǰԾǴ˵洫ڵĵطˡ
ףѵ棿һæʵ
ٺЦԴȻҴҵ󣬲ȵطҪģţηģҲֻ洫ӵפ棬ܷģοЩ伮棬Ĵڶ洫ӿŵģܹõģͨƽˡνͨҲԶԣŵȥҲһʯĶ
һ˵һǰӿ˶ˣóûţŵǲġ
˹Ľƺͻȡó˿֮üͷӦǽģһŵӽȥˣҲǻȡģôýȥ˿»أ
⻰ͬʱ¶һ΢ЦһǰһͷʮʯԵ˹ȥŵɫϱúͻ˺ܶ࣬ԴɵӶһˣﻹʲô˴ˣλʦǰȥӦûȥأҲҪߣҪű˾ˡ
ͷǣæл֮㳯ȥˡ
ʦҲ˰Ǹ˵ףʦԺȻܳɴ򰡣
Ҳʦѧϰˣ
ʦǰ;
˱߱ģŹҲŲĵͼҲ·Ȼñ˲ǰ
ΪԴɵҪ֮أȻͬСɣΰ׳֮ǰҶ֣ʷϬ͸һѹȵƣ۲ѡ
ǾŲ¥еľŸΣһ£ӦΪ˿ԽӦһ㣬ҲҪ㹻Ȩ޵ǰ¡
һ֮Уûϸ㱻һסСӣİɣ鼮棬鿴֮ԼѡɣǵõǼǾˡ
ѭȥֻһͷŰѼëһĶڵǲڵĻҳȻͷûзǿƣ˿źۼĳߣɼĶȻǼ
æлָ㣬æĳȥͷŶȥıӰ֮жһ˿䣬ƺ˼ʲô̾һһΪϺˣԭôһСӣСҲ򵥰ȻŸϺһϢ
һȥˣˣ඼Ҫ޹ȴ˶֪ģЩʱҲû˵޷ĴڣһһֱΪԼǶһݵģͷϺжȻǷ֮гիĺˣӦһ޷ߡ
ȴ˵˽ңȻŵǴи˰һɨĶǸ֣ҵúŬܻᱻ˲ڽµġ
һԴᣬΪͬĵ˵ͷˣǻѡȡ鼮ɣʲôʺϵûУеĻҲʵаأ
ǺãǷͷȥҰɣҵ˾ͷ˵꣬ͣı㳯һȥ
ӵ鼮һȴҲļĿЩ鼮вǻģоȫƫһЩģ׷ʲôģʮȫ档
Ļк̸ܶ࣬ͼ־ǼĵáԴɶԹĵнʶҲԴɵԼ¼ĵáڵһ㿴ٱ֮࣬һҲ͸ǽĲ࣬ԶԶȲϿͷһȻҪЩĵˡ
һߵһ䣬˼ĵ鼮ףĵãĵãĵãȫɼյĵá


һ 
ܹƷһƷԼûзʹã˳ȥҲ㹻ҷˡһ뵽󷨺ĵúһ飬ͷȽϣѡһ֮ĵ
ѡһһҲʹȥٻص˷ĵطѡһзĵ伮ȡСԱЩ伮ȴûȥѡɹȶһиǿĲҲĳЩܹ߲ΰˡ
һͷҲ濴ͬİ汾ͬǣǱ϶˸֮ľһָԵ˵
һ֪ԭҲһŲĹеķھֻٹڣںȴҪˡںķھȴһֱܹڶ󾳽һΣҲǺڡȻûķھڵʿѳɣȫԸĻ
ȻõĹҲûУֻǴ඼иԣǽľˮлԣǷ׵ȱԡһ֪ԼƣԺܹƳǶȻǵĳԵķûԵʩչЩ˵ܴﵽ󣬵Ҳ˳ʹãڳܵų
ӣһȥֻͷﵧҳ
ǰѡˣǼһ¡
ͷһûǰֵɫֻǵĽ˹һһ˱ƵĶּ˼ǣ׻һˡ
û뵽ŵ澹Ȼϲͷ˵һ䣬ת뿪ˡ
һڵҲÿʲô˼һӳ˼֮л˹
ףⲻôŶԣ·ǱŵӣӦýʦܲŶˣ
һתȥǻƾ˭ˡֻƾŵӵɫۣԻվ˼ͬɫ۵ˣһ϶Щ⣬ԲŵӵװǼӵܴӸҴİա
Ȼ֪ƾԼͬŵӣԷֱԼĵλҪߣһȥҲװƣ˹ֵԭǻʦ֣λʦ֡ʦҲ˱ţǿϲɺء
ƾЦһʦа취ʦȻҲֶΣʦҿ汾°ʦٺ١
ö˶Իͬеŵ֮б̸
˭
Ӧþǻʦ˵Ǹӣֽ뱾ŵӵǸ˰ɣ
ŶԭǸɢޣǣֱƲ֪ô
ǣǡ
Ҳ˵˵˺Žأ
ߺţûЩСӵߺŵĻ˵ùȥôһɢ޾Ȼͨţѵʲǫ̂ɣ
̨ЦǶûҵ̨ο

һۣһͷЦѣνۣȺ֡ƾȻЩ֣ɼ壬ΪưĿˣһҲʲô֮
λʦѡ伮ʦҾͲţһˣһ˹˵Ҫȥ
ȵȣƾæеʦܺαżȥǶԵβҸطúأ˵ţǹһЦ
һҡҡͷʦ֪ڶ࣬ˡʦûϾ㣬ȥˡ
ԼһٵıܾƾЦСӣҾܣ㲻ŵӰˣǱô͸һѵ֪ʲô˶ܵ˵ţƾһһǰֱ̧һצһץȥȻǣ˽ȴˡ
һһȻ޷ʵóʶץƾһֵĹ켣ţһһץ˿ȥ
ʦ֣㵽Ҫʲôһʵ
ʲôǸһѵһУƾͷŭҪһеĳ֣־Ҫɽų
ڸʲôأһȴ洫һǻƾɽõ֮һɫ۵¥
ɫ洫ӵ洫ӳ֣޲ߺʦ֡
洫ǱصأǸڴ˴֣ѵҪȥô
⻰ƾʱŹ֮еôһǸԸ񣬼ϼһͷޣȴˡ
ʦܲң˽Ե
Ҿͺãøʲô͸ʲôȥ˵꣬洫ֳ¥ȥ
ߣҳȥ㷸Ź棬ƾǽһͷϡ
һһЦʦֻȥɣҺȻ飬ڲһʱأ˵ţԹԵĳȥ


һ ƽ
ɺޣƾݺݵģһƷųԵļ˶ľѡ
ʦ֣αôһСŹɭϣϽֻɱǱ˷֣¶ʦǰ;аһŵȰ˵
ʦô˵Ͳˣʦʲôˣɴһ·Ӯ߳Ķ˳Զֻһ㡣ôйҲġһӿڵ
Źɭǲֻǹ涨˱ŵӲûɱ˭Ҳû˵ȥɱҪ㵽ͷһŵƵ˵
⻰ƾ˫۾âһһЦ˵úãһƾʲôˣôСӵŹϣҵҲΥ߰ɣ߰ɣһѵһ¾ˡ
˵Żƾ󲽳ȥ༸æȥǶǼӵܣΪʵҲУıƵĻлġƾת䣬һͷҲһôһССŵﻹС
ȴ˵һ֮УһȦŷڷҡ
ʦ֣ôûҵô
һǰǺһЦԭʦܣŸоЩ֪ʲôô
һҡҡͷҲûȥʱûˣ
ŶԭˣҲûʲôϵﶼûʲôˣǷҲҵЩҪߵĵ伮Щԥء
һӹһȻȡһ伮мĵãɻʦҪѵ֮ǰĹô
ǺһЦҵĹǿõģʦƼһһŹ˵Źʺ˵ˣǾʣ˵ԽʦĳʦʦĵҩҾͰˣ
֮£һһϲͨȻо֣ȴҲǽʿ飬Ӧûʲô⡣
һѡ֮ѡ伮漴ȼ˴ͷû˵ʲôֻʮƽĵȼ֮ȥˡ
뿪󣬶һ·طʮ˳ûƾˡ
ҹһڴϣŽãת֮еȻƽ鶯࣬Ҳǽع;伮֮󣬿ʼѧϰ
ɴ꣬һǹ˹ɶƽÿ챼ź֮䡣ŷ֮һµʱҴҹȥ֮󣬸ǵ˽ͣ˸ʯȻЩ˵㲻ʲôվʯࡣ
һգһִµִС׳ɽţһ·бȥֻ֪ǣ뿪ã˸˳˲ǱˣͬĵԺ
ڴǸطˣһ仯УñܲˣСһ̾
һЦȷʵԴ֮УһֱԸСײܱ仯Ͼ֮в֪˶ٸǰһСģϢй¶˹Ǿǻˡ
Сףʱֻ죬ڶ컹Σ
Сײֱȥ㣬Щǣǵȴ˱óʱ
һֻͷһ޶˵սʤС׿ǴһĴڣȲĺ
֮תһȦһһĽ鷳Ǻβûþͱ˦ˡֱ֮ߣʱ䣬һʱֿһԼгɹȫСʰ֡ȻҲǹСס
СÿһǿʢһֵƣһҲʣÿÿһʵ̨֮УҶҲӦ֮Ҳƽˡ
Ȼ𣬵ҪһԴԴϵӦȴٲ˵ġһƲ⣬أÿһҪһصһ˵ھأޱȵĿֲҲƲ⵽ԼֻҪطܽŷ֮ͻơĸоؾԲһѡ
ԴӴɵص֮޷ҲһЩ⡣оһ󾳽ǴʱȻһζ;ǻι̣ͺʶˣһҪطͻơ򡯾硣
ʱҴҹȥСȻһ⣬ָͬһ֮Ųû̫󷴶ԣһط
صԴ֮Уһٴοʼ˼򵥵ֻЩǣ֮ǰЩԹ޵ԺȻӴ
ڷǼ鼴һϿ˺׼˵ֲЦȻͷȴǰԷһЩ


һ 㾡
һתۣǷƽ˾Ĺ¡˵ʲôֵһ˵ģǵһǵڶµĽʿ
ʿǿеڶ۾绹ǼʶԶʿԱġһ˵ƵȴҲϸ΢Ĳ֮ͬǲǾڡһ󣬿ǳ̣һ˿߻ħĿԣϵ;
Ҫ˵ڶ£ǾµĻ̨ۣ֮һط⣬ʹһ޷ĵ·ǰһ
飬඼õķǰһҲԼһЩŵ
ֽӭ죬һ֮󣬱㳯ȥ
ʦܣ
洫һüͷ΢壬תͷ˲ȴһЦԭʦ֣ʦҲˣ
ԺЦŵ˵ͷˣʦÿ¶Ƴķɱ಻һҪõöء
ʦǲ֪ܹѣһأƷ̫ķѾˣͼһʯҲŲԸأ
ʦǫˡ
һ๧άŻصԺУһĲŸԻ˷䣬˼˿ҪΪ˹ϵôôأʵҲֻе˲֪
˻αԷһõ˵Ǻƻҿ˲ƻأС״ӻ
һһЦ˵ҲǣҪ˵ƻǺ˵ƻȴ֮аˡأ쳾ӴǷǷǶˣƻҲƻˣˣܹȵġ
С׼һûз˵ôһ׽һƺҲʲôƬ֮㳳Ҫȥˣɲܻ̫ʱ䰡
һЦҡҡͷԴ;޷ҲߣһЩ̲֮סҪһʶϴȥʱͻ˰ʱСʮֲˬ
ðɣðɣǾͲȥڶ㣬ֱȥˣɵÿŵ㣬һ޳ǻ·
СԲмƲƲ죬ȻܹѹޣһȺȴҲֻһ;
һ׼ʱ򣬺ͬʱϤĽʦܣ쿪ţʲôöˣ
һһЦǰȥŴ򿪡ֻ˽æŹˣͳƿӣʦܣοǺöмöǶһ˾ˡ˵˹
һ״ҲҲ֪ءʦϲÿһʱ͸ЩϺõҩʱָڸָ͵ҩ£̶ʱ䣬ﵽ۷壬ʱͻƳɱٹڵĿܡȻһо֣ĻΪ˻飬츳»ҪΪͽ˼
̶ʱ䣬һҲ鵤ȻһҲûаװˡȻƷѾһ²ƣﵽӽĵزǿԵġ֮ܳãټ϶ƢҲǶԿڣҲǽֶ
˵ҩȻʲôһţҪˡ˵ԺƺʲôЩϵСһֱۣҲ׽Ҳ˵ƺŵӣڴⰡɵСĲأ
⻰һͷһ£ȻһЦһ˵ƽ˾ˣԭǰӿлʦָ֪ͷˡ
Ȱ˵ҲһƢǲܸĵģֻһС֮ȥˡ
һڷУһǹһЦݣϺߣ¾ܲ²⵽Ҫùˡ
һҹ޻ڶգһɴСһ·ɽţ·бȥһӰ֮УһһӰ
˵Сһȥй䣬ɸұ֤ʵ
æͷһģζҶˣǸˡ
һ̧֣ģˣΪɳȥ˶һôȥɣжԶԶ˵ţһǺˡ
Ǻ˽˴ӣ鿴֮ǧл뿪ˡ
һߣΪʲǫ̂ǽϿûгֹǵĹϵҲôɱֲң˭׷鵽˵ţ˱Ӱ֮߳ǻƾ˭ˡ
ıãͨԺǽһŽϴʱȴûнһ֮κιϵȷ˶ûйϵжν㾡


һһ ò
ȴ˵һһ·Դɴţ̨һ㽫ͨԴӵȼ⣬ͨ͸֮࣬ڵ鶼ܿͷΧ˵ǳʿʶ̽顣ǣһʩչʿ¶ܷ
Сʹ괬СûдģҵҪʲôֶԸңһȻ紵ݶ۵ףȴƽޱȣ¡
һ·ԴУһûзʲô쳣Ϊµʱ򣬺ӰͨΧ֮С
Ҫ˵֮УȻ㲻ͷ֮ܶﲻҲ㲻ʲôһҲ˾ͻ˶йһ֮ԵǰɴĻ᳡⣬ƾͬеļˡ
ռΪӣȻƻȲƾȵȴʾĲͬյյƲ⣬ӦǻƾļˣǸĴڡ
һ벻ǣ֮ڴ˵ؼǡ۲˹µй䣬һ˼һתƷеζ涨Ȼè壬ӦԼйء
˻⣬кġϲҡҵҪˣʲôϷһͷЦҲ֮ӣƺҪ˦ˡ
ȴ˵ƾлƳ˻ƾǰμɴᡣջƾԴ֮󣬸ǵ˼崫Ѷʱڴ˴ЭƾЩ飬úٻط
ǰգƾԼɱһˡƳСͳ谮ֶɱȻԴɵӣŻƾı֤ȻԴˡһƻ֮ʹһſڡڼһȴ뵽һ֮Ȧӡ
ү˵СǲǷˣһʹӿʵ
ǣСһȦӣǷǸں˰ɣһʹҲϻͷ
Ƴüͷ΢壬ҡҡͷӦòǣСķǣӦǳԴɷӣǲȫġȦӣӦϰ߰ˡȻС˵ǸѲСӡڲպ˵þһ鷳
ʹⷬæͣɸһתƳҲǱٹʿҲΪḻһһȦ£Ȼûб˦
һµſڣһȡɽ
ףȻܹѵǱٹΪһȻƳ˶һһǲѸٵĽ⣬ȻˣҲ֪СʲôֶΣȻܹӲûнٹڣ⻹ҵΧ֮ڡֶΣ˵þֶΣһҪȥǶںţҽ˵ͷͳ֡мǲҪñ˷ˡԸ֮󣬻Ƴʹɽҧסһ󣬸ȥ
һڷɽϣͨĶĻƳȷһˣǹŵЦԽãɣɣҪģûˡ
ûãһ֮ߣѰһ˵Ľ½⣬һ㳯汼ȥܿʧãã֮С
ãСҪܣ
һĻƳͷһæ׷ȥɿ죬ʮϢ׷һԶԶĿԿӰһ߷ɽʱȴһͻȻͣ
ͣҲãý㣬ҲԸˣǾ鷳ˣ
βõĽһնɱڽµʱһ͵תͷǴЦĿķһ·ˣ
ʲôСӾȻˣ
ƳͷȻԾ϶һʿȴ˿£ľ˳ЦȻ֮ѹСҪɱˡ
Ҫɱңǻƾʦְɣһ˵ʮֵ˿ûĿֻš
Ƴüͷһ壬һԣΪͣΪԼõˣԽ;ԽΣա
㻹Ĳ³ҲҳˡһɵӣôزˡҪҲֻܹԼˣʲô˲ǵõһƼң±¿һɣ
±ӣһЦһ±ӵ黹±ӿǰɣڻĲأ֪ҵݣ
Ҳ̧˭ŻңСʹˣǽϲûʲôϵ಻ƼˮˣҲΪ㱨ġ
ˣȷʵûΪұ𣬵ȴУҺܶ鷳أ˵˵ûʲô취鷳
һ̬ûƳе죬ͷĲԽԽأֻ㽫һɱ˾һ˰ˡ
СӣҪѿ֮ˣĻǵ˵Žųһնȥ
÷ɽնһɲϲò㶨ġ


һһһ 
һŲæĽɽ˳ڹƳĽɫӣһཻĴ죬أԷֿ
ƳһƺһķɽܹԼĹЩԾ뵽һܹҲ͹ᵽʲôطֶˡ
СӣЩֶΣ죬ԽսǲܵģƳһһɽ߶ķɿ죬Ҳ֮ǰӴһһնɱȥ
һ΢΢һЦҲֱ棬Ϸһͬʹ˷ɽƳƴһ⣬ʱ򹥻أϵײ
Ҫ˵֮һǶƴգûϵͳѧϰƳǳȻڡǰ漸غϣ˻൱ǻƳԾѡģһ֮©ֳӹؼ汸תض๥٣󼸺ֻз֮
Ƴͷ󶨣ԴһȻǵʲôܹվٹ˳ֻҪԼȴ򣬶Ȼܽ¡
ȴ˵һ״ɲŲæķֶãһʹŷɽֵŹһ͵ѧŻƳַһ͵ѧԱȣŰ֮̾Ȼһ͵ѧ׵ģջҪϵͳѧϰС
ƳоɽԽԽСͷһȻ߽˥Ϸһ䣬ǽӴ˼֣ľǳ㲡ҪڼӴ£ȻһĽɢ˼֣Ҳǿ֧֡
Ƴ˼һʲôһЦСӣ֮վõģҪǵÿʵҸһĻᣬ㽫ܹķŽҾһСΣ
һͷƣҲΪʣԵʮǱû뵽ԷʱȻͷЦԼʲôķţҪ˵ҲǷ̨֮֮ܣֶǿô˵
һȴҲŹᣬͷıһ֧סӣſڵƾʲô㣿
ƳһȻԳȻЩͻأȴҲֻڼֲסˡ
һЦƳɽϵһ֣ԳһŵһƼ´ԶţľˣֻҪطҾͷһ·
һ֮ɫԵ棬ѵͲһصн
ƳҡҡͷȻˣҪķģ˵Ҳˣ
ķȷʵΪ飬һΥģܵĽѽ߶Ըܵġ
ԣһ֣Ǻðɣͽط㣡˵ţһֻ֣һ˳
Ƴ뵽һôԹԵľͽ˳ȻɣȴҲΨطƻһתܼĽóһ϶
ûᣡһһϷһ䣬ֻǱȻըʮ
СӣϧϵˣƳһЦһʮ뱻Уһɢء
ߣ˵óȻԲ飬СԸң̫ˡԹԽطҸһʹģ
һƲɣһҲżֻ뷨ˡöԷִطͷЦ
ҪطԣͷȡȥȻˣ˵һЦ
֮еϷŪ֮⣬ƳɵŭڣңңһָһŭȵվͽʬΣʲôطȪ·ȥɣ˵ţһߣʱǽɫɽҫ۵Ĺâ
úãһһȣʹŷɽշסȻβ㱻ˣ±˹ȥ
ٹʿҲһһЦ
ƳѾһ׼ŭһʽʽǲһкȥʱç֣ʱ糤ˮٹڵҲЩͷһ͸ǾͲֽкˡ
ûƳƵǣԼʩչʲôǿɶСӾȻܵȻǱޱȣȴûܵʲôʵʵڵ˺
ѵСڲ׾һ뷨ͻȻͷͷˡһССʿܹҸԼֿôѾˣﻹܲ׾
ʱһԴ죬תͷȥǻƼʹӵˡ
ĺãһ𣬽СնɱˣҹζࡣƳæк˵
ʹȻһܹôãȴҲɵļս֮УȻûзʹһ谭һȴҲܰ쵽ġ
û뵽ٹڶԸڻҪ֣ǿ˻Ƽҵˮ׼ˣֻǲ֪»жټûǶгɣºúÿƼҵ磡һԴ˵


һһ һ
ƳȻŭǾһйŹ֣ҲʹǰҲöˣһĿһݺݵ˵ϻ˵ܿܣ˾ʲô㲻ˣһƼڴ˵صȻ⼸ˣɱȴҲ㹻ˣ
⼸ˣһظһ飬ʵȷ
ˣУɣ˵ŻƳٴδ߶ɽɱ˹
ãããȻôˣҾͲٿˣǰСӵֶΰɣ
һһЦų̈һںڷɽһɨǰʱɫ⵲סٴܶ죬ʹʹķ̶ϳصڵء
ãСв׾Ƴ˲˹ΪΪһֻǷֳԽʹӺԼסһݣԽΪҪ½Է
ֶλǵһʹãλǰָһ
һ˵ţüһųɫģǰסࡢڡ졢ɫϢɢöѡ
ľˮоȫôоȫٹڣ
ƳȻһʩչʲôϢȴܹĸܵɢѾﵽ˱ٹڵĽޡ
ûʲôܵģҲûʲôܹȫƵģƵ̫Ҳֻǻ㾡̫һ˵
ƳҡҡͷԲţоȫ㶨ȻԵĹȹȻַозȫˣ˵ʲôط
طһҡͷЦȻطȻضˣܸ㣬ο֮ˣα֪ôأѵҪźĻҵǿʱġϾһǸ
⻰һЦЦЦݣƳ֪ԼһαϷŪˣ۴еСӣȻ㲻˵ҾȡĻǻȥ֪ġ
ꣿħֶΣԭƼħ޼壬ʧʧ
ʵɢ޺ɼԣ˶ٶһħ޷ţֻǴҶղˣһһ˵ڴƼҵȴ޷粵
Ƴ۴Уֻúˣ֪һƼҵ˵Žһʹŷɽһߴӻͳŷһᣬһףû𵯣⣬׶һЩķͷʹȻûôֶΣȴҲųһơ
ĺãҵֶΣ
һһЦɫͬʱ𣬶ʱ룬׶ḷ̌⣬ش̷׷׳֣Ϥ˲Ϣ֮㽫ϱͷס
ٿҵɹΰɣ
һ䣬Ҳɿһʱˮ٣ǽҲһһ֣ȻЩǰȴҲ˿ѷ
һʱ֮䣬ķãһ赲ɽ̨֮ͨʩչѧз֮䣬һֶα㽫Ƽѹû֮Ҳȫޡ
ܣôͬʱųô෨ǱٹҲܽôģƳͷڻˡ
ǹ
֣Ե֣
ʹӲڣͻˡȻһʹӶߣ֣Ǻǣȥɣ
תͷȥǶֻãӶʱһᣬҲоֻܿѪʲôʶûˡ˳Ծʱһͽ˷ڣתһͽ׵Ľˡ
㣡ɱһƼҵˣƳæ˺ָһ
ңôˣѵֻ׼ɱˣ׼ɱ㣡ЦĨȥմȾѪҺһЦ
ɱһƼҵˣһƼƲŰɣһƼһóģһޱɱƳ⣬һֱ㽫ɽջأۼžҪȥ
նݲǴɣȻ޷Ƽҽ𣬵һǲģȻΪΪʲôϵڣһЦ
ƳһֻҪһصУ崫Ѷɱң֮һȥҲһ䣬ɽһͳԴзȥ
գߣȥʲôȥǸһɣһһ䣬ûдܳһ׹⣬ѸһڻƳĽϣһը㽫Ƿɽ׹ɻأС˭
Сףɵúãһָ˸С׵Ƥë
ʲôã콫ˣһҪȥأһ¶ûгԵϺ
һСҲûʲô취ڰ䣬㳯ǻƳĵطȥ
ƳǾֵĿһĵϵİʣµǲʺͿֻţ㲻ҪɱңһƼҲŹġ


һһ ޱ
ޣ˼ǣֻҪҷ㣬ǻƼҾܷŹңһ̵˵
ôһʣƳһͣһҲ֮ˡԻƼܹƾȽƢвĿܡ
ҷģҷ֮ԣƳæƺҪץסһݡ
ģһƺʲôЦĶֶôģ©ңƼֲֹһˣѵ㷢Ļܹܵ˱ˣܹܵ˻ʦôһǸԼҲˣ
㣡Ƴβ֪һɱ޻תأ֮ɫʱȥһҪɱңҾᣡ˵ţһģʱǵͬ򣬾ȻѡԱ
ҪԱûôףһһЦһзɳһӴƳУֻһ죬ƳӶʱή
ƳһֵĿһʲô㵽׸ʲô㾹Ȼ
ǺǣֻǴĵˣһ˵ŷųĽȴʱƷѾͣǽԼĦ֮Сɾ͵ôһö룬ȻûдﵽļȴҲ˷ļӲ̶ȡҴƵ飬ûġ
ͬھûˣƳ˥ܵͬɥ֮Ȯֻ˫ԹĿһƺҪεļͷ㣬㲻ú
䣬õĻҲ֪˶ٻˣĺˣԹһΪ㻯ģһ˵һзɳ䣬ûƼҼĵܾܵʹ
̨֮еıҶһͱ¼ϡתƳ˵ĳޱɢϵͽһ㣬ڱҶ֮Ų֪ʲôľġ
̨֮УǿһֵһһΪԽߣṩԽǿͬΪ˵ĻǱṩǿأСṩƺԶԶǣƺΪͻǿ⣬Щԭɡ
ʱС׵ĺһ˼ȥ㣬Ϊ黨˴ʱ
һεЦЦѹһ⽫ˣ㳯ȥǻƳţ֪ڵСܹ֮ߵ㣬Ҳɱˡν㾡һоˡ
ڶգƻ裬һٳٵĻصԴɡҹ֮УƾסһӰķš
ʲôˣ
ʦ֣ңԺ
ԺʲôѵҸı겻ô
ʦܲңʦֿţʦ
֨һŴ򿪣ԺУһһŵ˳ԶԶĳŷȥ
ƾɻϣüͷѵҲ˦ˣôأˣ˴ʧ֣лᣬһһҪǵȥɣ
ڶգƾɽȥҹŷأ֮ʱɫࡣգգˣ˵գƾɽƬ֮طɽšɫָֻϸ۲죬ᷢɱ˵Ĺâ
һɹҵıæ֮䡣оƷԺƣ̸Ӳȱϯÿͬһеһжûʲô仯ƺʲô鶼ûзһ֮󣬵µİһͻ˱ٹڣȻûгΪŵӣλҲõҩʲôĸǲͣ˻
㣬¹ȥһԴаʱˣãƺҲһ˿ͻƵļһգ͵͵Ĵ˵ҩһ
ʦܣĵһ¯ҩأȻֻǻѿм尡͸˰ɣ¹Ȼ֮ǽ֮Ҫġ
ˣʦҾˣȵԺʦƵĵһ¯ٹȵ͵һ¯ҲҪŸʦһ㡣һˣȤ
һЦǣʱһŻ㽫һͷ
ףʦ֣⵽ô£ѵ˲ӣһæʵ
ҡҡͷɫЩʦ˵ţ׶ΣոͻƲãҪƿµġ
һԣŷ
ˣʦ֪һֻҪŵӲμӣƺĳطͻȻ޳Ҫѹɱ㹻޾ܹýƺܹȡ伮ϵȵҩأ
ף飿Щ֮У伮ܹһȤ͸Ǻöˣܹͻĵҩ֪˶١
ȷʵд£ҪŵӵʸܹμӣҲҪõţһŵӣʦ˵Ҫ̵֮ʺϲμӴ¡ǿϧ


һһ ͻ
һ˼һŵӲܹμӣ˿ӦǶϵˣҲֹŵӼˡ
˵еŵӴڣԶ޴ҸտٹڣȴɽЩʹԸҲʮֳġˣˣ¿޹ˣһǺԼˡ˵ţҲϧ
Ȼص˵ʦܣ֪ʲô飿
һһ㶣ɣӦǽڵʦǰ˰ɣֻǲ֪һλ
һЦҿǴˣλʦЩԨԴأ
ԨԴѵǽʦ壿һһ
ʦܹȻѵʦиͨˣȻôô׾Ͳˡʦͻڽٹڣ˵þܽŴ˴λᣬýʦŵأĽ˵
һһ㶣صЦһЦôõ飬ʦ̳ȻЩջġ
ΪͬǽȻҲ˽ʦҲһҹҲһ˵һ֮ظݣ¡
ڶգı˽֮ƺǰ鱻˳ȥǰüŵŶռˡ
һõĻᣬǿϧˣһԱԹһǾûʲôѡ˸űȥҲ޷ֻԱߣһɫЩǺ죬ȴѯһ£һֻ£ŷ½½ˣȵ֮ʱһĽɫǿݷǳĽϾͳڸ̨֮ϡ
һʱûϵȸǿ࣬ȻΪоһ򵥽֮ʽʼ
ϹȻ̳ѡһ㽲ͷͷǵ˸ף˵ǲʱչʾ;İŵӾ̾ѡԶԶȥŵӻУͬǻϲޱȡڵһ𾴳ݵȻԴʮ֮ʢˡ
ʱȥϽϣҪʹȥڴʱһɶȺ֮дǽ϶ͣǷȥ
˳ķȥһź۵ŵӣһһһˣȻҪͻƵס
ǰɣ㻹ԵͷɵȻڴ˴ͻƵĲһ˭ˡ
һϣ˫Ŀգĳ죬ϵʱԽԽǿԽԽʢֱһԴﵽĸ߶ȣȻһƶתֱ£Ļɬ
ͻƳɹ˻ʧˣ
֪ϢЩͬҲǳɹ˰ɣ
ԣҿʧˣ
оͻƽеСѯԱߵˣʱһ˫ۣվңң̨Ͻϴһݵлʦָ㣬Ӳŵͻơ
⻰˷׷׾̾еľһãһܹͻƣеľýϹȻиǽͻƣʱϱ͸ǵǲСһء
ЩȻȫ۵ףһ£߲ʿҪȫͶУʶҪѡһ֮еĽ֮ܳеһЩȻЩѡеĵӽھѡ֮õĺô
һ࣬˴θϻΪ˴¡˴νΪڵ֮еӰΪһĳ롣£ӸǣȻһһ顣
һĻϰʮ֪ȤӦҪһЩϸһȴЩ죬ϸϸһ룬Žһ
ԭǿֺѩû뵽ջЧҲֹϵùֶöˣҽϽ˴ʢ
뵽˴ͷǻϲʦֶͻƿϲɺأȻ֮ȴҲ벻ϣܹһٳ߸ͷһս͵ˣлټɣ˵꣬ɻһȥˡ
ýȥڶҲɢȥˣĶһ̫ϧˣʦôҲĺ̨ô㰲Žŵ顣
һԵһЦʦֲ⣬лԼֻͬˡ
ڨڨһЦʦ㻹ÿ˵ȴҲмֵҲܵĴҲŵӲ˵ýʦ廹أ
лű㳯סȥȴǲ֪ɢȥȺ֮УһµӽĶȥ˲ǻƾ˭ˡ˫ֽգݺݵ˵Ϊнž£ͻƵٹڣߺߣһӰɣ˵꣬ʧȺ֮С
ҹһصУŵ֮ѱ֮˵ǰֻǼ򵥵壬ڵЩճͲ࣬ƺҺķ仯ÿһ˿̺֮ǰĵһֱÿտյ
ԭˣѹֱٹڱǿô࣬ǿˣҲˣƺʶҲǿ˲٣ǽʶҲܹ˰ɣȻҲܹһߵʽҲΪƫãһܹʽѧϰǰһ㣬Ұ·ˡ


һһ 
ڶգš
ʦ֣ûôͳģ׷ʲôˣ
ɫĿһȻһĴָʦܣһ
һ˵Щˣ׹ԭͻƵıԵֻһֱҪѰһϺõ˽ϺޱϢԼЦ˼ҹͻڡѭ򽥽һҪȥҲͲˡٵͷϣŷҲǾ뿪⡱ԼȻܹסǵżʱ䡣Ŵ֮£˼ͻڽ֮󣬲ϵע⡣
ӣһ״¾סˣȴסЦһԱ˽ʹ˸ɫȻ޹ʦ˵ЦʦҿижȻͻˣ¿ɲǹģ
ԣһŵĿһٺһЦʦͲҪˣʦҶ֪ˣɵúúͰ
ףʲô飿
˵ʲôȴһµִµ˽˿ܣ;ֱһ߹һСϲʦˡ
һ㶵ʦ֣ϲ֮У
ִµЦϲʦܽţӴǰ;
ţһһ֪͵˼룬ǽע⵽ĴڣҲһͰţ뵽ô㶯ˡ
ǰϲʦƣǴһӦʦʰˣԽţͬʦ屨֮ʽŵˡ
һ˹ȴǲСءȡһʯҪִµӣ˲ǣִµӾȻƴǲܡ
ʦܿǽʦǰĺˣеĴ񣬻ǸϽʦһ飬һˡ˵ţִµЦȥˡ
ѽѽʦǰĺ˰ʦܣҺòҰһװģ
һԼҲû뵽ԼһϷôķ죬ĵЦҲֻεЦһЦܵ˵ʱǴﵽԤˣţܹõԴͬνޱҲлˡ
Ըȥ֮󣬸кЩͬŵĵǰݷãԺƺһжôĽһ㡣ȻͷЩЩмͬ£һҲһ㽫˴ˡ
һȥӽ֮ųŹ´ȥ
ŲͬŵĹųִµӴרйԵӽйΪ洫ӣǷҪ£ΪǸԼʦҲǹܲġ
´һִµӴ룬ֻһЩϤӰڹµλϣƺæµʲôϸһȻһѽϲŪӣʲô
һʦ壡һݵǹ²֮ʱⲩͨ˭ˡ
ⲩͨһһЦԭʦֶˣ̶̰ͻ˱ٹڣǽţԺǰ;
һæֵʦ࣡
ⲩͨһЦ˵ϣʦֶʦôһǿĺܣҲȥģȻʲô飬ʦңҸۣ˵ţһ̣¶һпЦ
һͷһʲôæ˾Ͷлʦˣ
һ̸֮һʽ¼ڲᣬΪŵӣֵһԺӡ
ҹһҲæס£ס֪Щˮһ̸һ
ڶգִ´һʽУһ󣬳ͷǵһöƣдЩʲô
֮ǰС徳ͻȻʱ䣬һ̡֮˴αԶΪޣż񣬾Ҫޡնɱʮͷ޿Եõնɱʮͷ޿ԻӦ伮նɱһͷޣԻȴǲСЩ㹻ʮС˰ɣ˵뱾ʲôϲйϵ֮أȻˣΪʲô洫ΪߵĽȥˣǵЩŵȥ˵ȴЩǿ˰ɣˣˣϲ룬ȴܹģЩȴǲܷŹˡ
뵽һҲʱ䣬ʰ֮󣬳ɽţֱ巽ȥѾǹıٹڣҲصΪʹ޷֮±ˡ
ڷɽ֮ϣһоޱȵĳ졣СҲӻдܳڼϣֹЩޣ޾ͺˡ
Сףɲ̫̰ģô޵ȥ޴ҲӦֵܹĲ˰ɣ
ƺһȰ˵ʽȤСͷϱ˯һḧһ£רȥ
ȴ˵Դ֮УƾһĴִ´߳һޱû뵽㾹ȻǧҪ棬ҿǻҪɱġ


һһ 
ԴɲԶһСΪԴĳ߲ĹϵȻǿȴҲܰһ˭֪콵һȺ֪ͻȻ٣óʱԴɳȣҲǾȳ˻Ագ˵ȴɥ޳֮С̶ʮգһҵѲڹ֮еģֻЩ޶ѡ
һɫԶ˹ǴԴɸһ֮󣬱Դɵͷ򵥸֮ȥˡ֮ȻԼˡ
СףɸоޱȽ϶ôһʵ
ϵСײֹ˵ﵽôôһͷҲûѵɱˣţǰ棬Ҹо޵Ĵˡ
һ˵ͷ㳯СָķȥƬ̱һССĴկǰͨųȥկ֮ƺûл˴ڣȻͷ޴֮дܳ߻εδһЩѪ⡣
Ҳɱ壡
һŭһһӣһͷֻţƤƵɽгΣѪһء
ͷ޼ǵ£ƱѪԣű㳯һ˹ѪڱҪһʳ
һŲң˫ָ𷨾ֻԶɫɻأͬʱһڹҲСһһңһһɽǰǿѪһ㡣

һһɽʱ֮ͬĻߣֱӴͷ޵ĿС
أ
ͷ޲ҽŵˣȻһͷ޲ûһɣɳһʱ޴汻ҧǲҲҪˡ
ɻ
һһüͷ΢壬һɫķķɳʱɰǧĻޣ֮䣬ޱ㱻յ⽹ۣڵء
Ϣʱ䣬һնɱͷޣǶޣԼȻոͻƵٹڣʵԶͬʿ
ЩԾȻһɱУһλϲü
ޣ˱ĿʲôԾģСײ
һҡҡͷѵûоЩƺǶЩɥʧˣͷ֪˱ô
Сһ㶣һĵվǼͷ޿˿˵ͷЩԣƺǱʩݡ
ݣʲô
Сüһҩ汾ƴʹõģֻ֮ǻ᲻̫ȶֻڽᵤϵʹãļµޣܲˣ׾ʧǣ׵ķ跢񡣡
Ǿѹˣȴǲ֪ЩޣǷˣ´¾ͲǼ򵥵޳ˡһ
С׵˵ͷȻҲɱޣ֮飬Ҫ˺壬ȴҲвˬȻһųġ
ˣȲ˵СףҷͷжΧ޸ɱ˰ɣһڵ
Сԣ˵ͷһʧԭءСżһݸȻտʼ㷢״ȴ̫ϡνдӶšʲôֻҪԼܴõԼҪľͿˡ
һʱ֮һһڴկ֮м棬Ȼ޶ʩݡһѾһߣͲȥһ֮뿪ʼһܼĵطȥ
һ֮󣬳һСɽͷϣһ棬һͷСſԱ˯š
Сףһ£ɱ޵İͷ˰ɣһ˵
Сƺһ˯ֻ꣬Ҷ֪
꣬ٶȿ죬ɱö࣬ҹҲɱһٶ࣬ٶ࣬ٿԻöˣһ֮൱⡣
СһЩͬģҲһЩɣ
һ˵һ죬ЦŵͷЩͬʦֵҲǿû¾ͽ˵࣬ʮҲϰͷˡ
Щʱգһնɱ⣬ǶԸνͬšЩΪΪǿҪһ޲˭֪һײ壬һֱз֣ͽӶնɱֻܹԹ׳Ͳ޲ϣϼҲһʲСĿ
˵Ļ̰أСƺһ
һѿΪͬĵ˵ͷˣСףһµҲൽˣǻǻȥɣжò


һһ ֮ج
һ֮һطԴɣͣıȥִ´ȡİٶӽټ޲óʱЩִµ˲㾪ԭءһЩˡ
ʦܣЩһ˵ģһ¼޲ִµӿʵ
ǻȡ伮ǻȡЩвСһó޲˵ɱ׵ȴҲԸģҡҡͷһҵģǱʦֵܵģһȡˡ
ĽͣȻСɽһĲϣ˵Ƕ˴ءһܹ֮İʮ޲ϡһȡöԼһλȡ伮ĻᣬǶõһ
ĽĽһִ´һ·ȥŵӲţŵȴǿŵġлȻҪһԾŵ
һǰסûסȥڷʱϢڻƻʱڶִĵӻطȴǲִ£ΪǰҲй˵Ĺʦ彫£ա
ŵӵ񲢲ӲԹ涨һϢܳһʱٽȡ񣬹ʶеʱ䡣һգûмطͷһ˿õĸоð˳
ѵʲô飬˶û£ΪʲôʦһûлҵȥˣһΪŵӣԷ԰ܹȥġ
һ·ѰǰطȻ˵Σȴûġ
λʦ֣Ƶҩǻȡҩǰ͵ŵӼһ㿪ڵ
ǰˣһŵӣ֪ʦϵãһҲȦӣֱ˵⡣
ԭʦʦֵģˣΪʦͨˡ˵ţŵСŽȥˡ
Щأȥĵӣһ
ʲôֵģѵҲݣСһֹ
ֻǾЩƮƺڶʲôʲô
ֲңвЩޣʲôġС׻ûһ˼
ˣҲҶˣһеȼʦ˵ɣ
֮һӰ˳һ²˭ˣֻһ֮ǰɫǺ࣬·˾һ㣬ɢϢȻǿ󣬱һҲܱȣȴʮֱ꣬ƺʱܱըĻҩͰһ㡣
ʦ֣ôˣɫôЩѿһæʵ
ǿһЦݣ˵ӣµģʦֵܼҲҪ̸Щ飬ߣȾȥʦҿ׼һ̳þƣȥĵطɣ˵ŵӵĴܺãʦһûȥأ
һⷬоǹ⣬һҲ֪˴˵ĵطӭŹһЦʦ˵ǣǵطҲûסãʦּȻҪǾȥɣʦ˺þʦҲģһ£ҲСջ񣬴˺ЩҲǸʦ㳢ʰɣ
⻰¶һЦһǰһһԺ֮УغԺţһн󷨣Ժԣ˸һ
ǺһЦʦطȴǱŵʱöˡ
һɫĿ磬ʦ֣⵽ô¡
ҪܿһȴҲ㲻ٴμһЦ˵˲ӣµġ
һҡҡͷ˫ɶʦ֣ȻΪ˾Դֵȴǲó˵ѵģʵҰɣ
һһЦϣҡͷû뵽Ǳˣ£㻹ǲҪ֪ĺá˵ţץƱһ̳ӣ
һüͷ壬ѵĹʦйأ
һ£ȻƱûסڵأһҵĿһ
ô֪ȴҡҡͷ㲻֪թңʦܣҲǴˣ֪е飬Ȳθ֪ģ֪ǻ֪ǸʦܣͲҪˣǾԲ˵ġ˵ţȡһһ
״һҲٶ˵֪˵ϣȴǲ͸¶ˡһӣʯ϶ʱ鿾⣬һֱץ̳ͬˮһȥץһ鿾⣬˺ҧ
ʦ֣ɱ֮ԿƵģҲҵհɣ
Ե˵ͷץһ鿾⣬Ҳ˺ԶȴֻȾƣȴ˵һ仰þƺⱥĶ̾о⣬ӣʹ찡
һ¾⣬ʦ֣㡭
ҡҡͷʦܣʲô˵ˣôһֵܣӡһȰ뿪ԴǷ֮أ߶Զ߶ԶòҪ˵ֽ꣬ƷڵأһЦȥ
ȥ֮ʱЦȥıӰһֻЩĪĸоǱǰûĸо


һһ ħ
һʯϣǼ̾һҲʰȥȻһ׹䵽ϻһ˴СС˿ϵĿ⣬Ȼȴмʣµġ
ʦϿЩⰡ
һתͷСף㿴ʲôô
СҡҡͷһֱʶҲҷųֻ΢΢ЩоˣƺħϢ
ħһüͷ΢壬˼ʦħǷ
СҡҡͷǶǣһһ˿ʲôöˡ
һ˿һüͷø̾ʦ뿪˵ԴǷ֮أǿѨˣҲǡ
С׶䶶һһ֣¶һЦҪ뿪ôðȥޣһָˣﶼˣ
ⲻ˿»˻ɣһУҪһЩôǡһ˵ţ¶һЦ
ڶգһȥһ˲ΪŵݣȻϵڶ¥һʱ֮һ伮˲ȻȥһΪûκ˵ע⣬ǹһɨͷ
Сӣͷתͷ˿鼮͸һ˿֮ɫ̾ȥݣȥݣȥĻǵȥĻǵ
һڳ˲ֱ֮ȥִ´һٴγͷҲصı㳯ɽⱼȥ
ԴɴǰǡԴ֣һһ̾ƺеľһ̾Ϣ֮˳ȥ
߰ɣ
һ˵ţҲ֪˵СףԼ£𣬳ȥ
һȥûãһĻƾҲɽǰһȥķ򣬺һε޵ҵҪ㻹ܲҵġ˵꣬𽣹Ҳȥ
ȴ˵һһ·ɵȻеǰһ֮󣬱һȥ
ΪʲôҪأﶼЩޣûʲôζأС
һЦԴɲԶҽ񣬲һʱ֮ڵ϶ģȻǲһΪһŵӳѲ飬鷳ǺõġοȻ󣬵ҸطȥȴҲǲѵģ֮һµޣߵԶˣҲҵõ
СԻȻĽƻҲ뵽ʱһŻָΪȴЩ治ʲô˼
һѡһ򣬽Ԧסһ·Ƿȥڷһ֮󣬺Ȼһ⣬ǸһߺǰʦܣԵƬ̣
һ̾һϴҲ٣Դͬţ̰ȴǲ٣ǰһ仹еĺʦܣһܱ㽫һҲǿˣԶԴɵҲ
˵ˣ뿪ȴжһ鷳ֻͣǷɽ׷
ֻһµӷ˹ЦݵĿһλʦܿ
һһ㶣˵ǰͬŵģȴûܿڽԼɵðСʦε֪ʦ
µԣЦŨ˿Ӧǽʦһʦ˰ɣ
һԽ֪ԷҪ˵ʲôһֲĸоȴǸŨң˵ͷ£֪ʦк£
ǵӵһȷϣһЦʦܺþˣڵü
ѵʦʲô£
µҡҡͷ飬顣˵ңңһָԶһѸײڶٶȷ˹
ǣ
һһ㶣ȴǽ֮дһϤôʦҲǵˣ
ƾʦ֣һһ
֮Գǻƾ˭ˣʱȴЩͬƺݵһֻҰһ㡣
ԭʦ㻹ǵңҲˣϾһƼ֮ϣҲ÷Ҹǣ
ʦ˵ʲôʦҿһȻԸˡ
ƾЦöҲãҲգӲˡ
ԱߵµӼ״֪ʲôҪæڵʦ֣Ѱ쵽ˣ֪ӦҵĶأ
ƾ˵ͷڴ֮һһڹֱӴµţѪĽһȭͷСĿͳؿڡ
㣡µӾֵĿŻƾ
ʦܣ֪̫ˣҲֲңģһὫúʹõģϾǱٹڵ壬ɲĿܵġ˵ţƾһ˿֣һĶʮֿɲ
ħһ״


һһ Ļ
ƾתͷһ˫ͨ죬ͬѪһ㣬һЦʦܼʶħ
һңָƾŭȵӾȻħŹɱͬŵӣôĵӣ
ӣƾʲôЦһ㣬Цħ˭ǿ˭ΪԴɾʲôɣʲôɸأΪϾܱס㡣Դɺ϶Ҫѱˣû㣡
һͷһ˼һתƺȵħˣ˵ö֮ȻħݵûƭңȵǰǰҪʬЧȣƼҲѡ
ƾҡҡͷһζı鿴һǰЦæԼĴأΪǿɽϻǻ֮λˡЦǣΣĩŰˣ˵ŻƾٴοЦ
̶̵仰֮УһоԼסʲôȴҪٴιƾڣȴƾһЦʦܣ֪ǴˣҪͳЩҲǲԵģҲô׸㣬ҪĿĻǲŻԹϺõĶ
⻰һ֪Է˵ʲôҲ׷˼ľ֮ɫ˵ôҪɱң
ƾεĵ˵ͷҽԹҲһС£þͲңȻ֪ʲôСɱˣҲ㣬ҲħҲнյĳɾ͡ԣһ̵ֶɱ㣬Ƕıɣ˵ţ¶һ̵Цݣһ˿˿Եޱȡ
ɾͣһЦһħˣŪ˲˹̸ʲôɾ͡
ƾԿһһ𣬱þŵڹϷɳƿһתںڵͬŵĶǰ͵ϮɱŵӵĶĸһǵĺҽдǺɫ֮д
Ǿħĳɾˣĸɷʦ㿴ΰƾЦ
ĸɷһüͷһǺҽʮǧ˻
Ϊħ㵽ɱ˶ˣһ
ˣ˻ǵһŲ˶ֻôʦܣɱҲǲ˰ɣ
һҡҡͷȷʵҲǲɱ˶ˣΪк޹ȴҲǲмġ
к޹ЦǵĳΪӶᣬʲô޹޹ģٴȱٵѧⰡ
һһЦһٴȱٵѧ⣬Ҫɱ飬޹ءҪɱңҾͲòˡ
ðҿʦĸаɣ˵Żƾһ֣þɷ⳯һ
úãһһڹɽַ˳ȥɷײһײ˲䣬ֻ÷ɽϴһɾ޴ȻЩѷɽ䳾
ãôô󣡡һæջطɽҲ㳯ȥ
Ҫӣӣƾ״һЦҲݽ׷
䵽棬һɫɽҲ˻ɽǰһļơ
֪Ҿĸɷ˰ɣƾɫĿһ
ħȷʵж֮ⶫ̫ʦ㻹ǻͷǰĺã
ͷǰЦھվڰߣħǱǵˣҵҪһߣħһɣһ䣬ɷٴη˹
һ״ɫһݣ˫ֻӽֱһ򣬱оÿһɷѰٹиӿ֮һͷĶǷɽ˲Ϣ㱻ˡˣҲ÷ɽʹЩɬֻǿطסʣµɷ
ôǸоҵħһ˰ɣҪ֪ÿһɷ֪˶ٻǾѪɣȻҲԴɵľģˣҲ֪ʲôʱ㹻꾫Ѫأ˵ŻƾЦ
ʲôԴɵģһǿֵסɷĹʵ
ƾһЦ˵ħʲôͬΪԼ棬ͿϣħŲֻͬǽ޵֣ħԶְˡ
⻰һͷһԭô¡
һ˼ƾЦһǲǱΪĿŵˣõģҲżܿҾͻ㲻ؿЩҪĸɷ֮Уĥ㣬Žͷ֮ˡ
һ̧ͷ˫ƵĿŻƾ˵ĺˣԼðɣ


һ ĸɷ
ߣ쵹ӲĺܣȻ֪ʲôֶνɱһñңʹ࣬аɣƾŭ˫ǰһƣʱһźɢûĸɷ֮УǹɷĽʱʮͬ˺һ㡣
һɫһ䣬ֶλûмҲңһ󣬱һ߷ɴܶƾ;ĸɷ˹ȥ
Сƣ
ƾһȣһָĸɷǰ󽻽һͬһ㣬ڻϡǿպյĻ߾Ȼסһɷ㱻ҳӶĹɷ룬˲㽫߻÷飬Ʋĳһ
ǽ룬򡭡
һв߶Ϸ𣬱һзͬҪǮһ˳յĸɷϣȻƬ̱㱻ȴҲһ衣̧ץһɽ˥ߵľɷһһɡ
ֶΣȻͨô෨˵Ǳ㷨ŵ˰ɣΪҸһٶķҲܴҵľĸɷƾ̧һУɷջߣ˲ɷͻָ
ɣ㻹жֶζʩչɣҪķڷ֪Ǳǿôһ³
ǿǿǿ˵ģֵ¼°ɣһһһɽȻ˷أȹ˹
õúܣԼҲЩ鷳ƾЦһֽĸɷ˳ɷһ߳һ˹ȥ
һأһ֮ȻԵ裬һµȴҲɣһǴ壬ÿÿܽɷ۽лƾҲɵħһħصĺһʩչȴҲħպգָĽɷһ
һСһŭħһӽ֮ʯϽ֣һڣħݲ˸ʽֶθսʱ侹Ȼûзֳʤֻ֮һϵķ¶м𣬶ƾȴǻһҳȾȻռϷ硣
ˣƾȴҲʮֲҧгݵû뵽صôѹѹ֣Ĳԩ
һһһɷ˿ɣЦȷʵòԩҲԣҲòԩ
⻰ƾյŭǱͷһת뵽ĥȥҲ֪ʲôʱܽһһָһһʱһѪֳϡ
ħѪѪħĸཻɷ񱩡
дʣͬʱѪַӫӫѪƾѪֳĸɷһһѪڹɷ֮ϣ֮㣬ֻþŵڹѪ𣬾ɷ֮к֮ǰҪĽ⻬ı棬Ҳļ澹ȻѪĿ׶ͬһ˫Ѫͫһаĳ濴ȥ
һСĵĸƣֱԵñĹɷ֮ȻΧͿûΪˣһڿ¶ҪһһҲзžԺһЩ
ʩչֶεʱ򣬻ƾǳɢĿ͵̧ͷֻɫò԰࣬һ·ȴ˲١
֪ΪʲôоĸɷôƾʵûһشԴĸɷǾһĸԻΪƳħ֡ħΪ׶Ĺ֮һ
֪ǹɷĸƾ˵ҡҡͷЦ㲻֪Բ֪˵͵سۣԳһͷ­СĹɷ͸ؿϡ
ѪħһȻ˵Ļ
ѪħҾһľѪĸħȵɳ֮󣬱ȫںϣʱϵ£ʲôҵĶ֡
״ĻƾһüͷԴ˵ħ壬ʱ㻹ô
ƾһ㶣ɫŤƬ֮ЦҲһʲôֻҪܹɱ㣬ɱ㣬Ϊ屨ΪԼޣջʲôģ
ɱңҲɱǾȡˣ
һɵȻڻƾȴޱȵĴ̶˫ָһΣҾҪɱ㣬ħѪʹˣɣ˵ɷҽ˺Ƭ
ɷʱ⳯һ˹һʹɽУӴ˲㷢һ˿Ѫվڷɽϣʹý˲䰵Կƣ֮ĹɷٶȻõʮϢ򣬱㽫ǿ֧мܶЩΪѡ
ۼһͷɷ˵һֻһɲˣüͷһ壬һüͬʱдʵ̨⣬ͨұ


һһ ħ
һڣ֮Ʈʮģ׷׳ɫ⻪˲ռ˽䡣
ڻƾɻŵʲôʱ򣬱øʽͨЩ֮棬ߣ룬򡭡ˮ׶룬ڡٱޣḷ̌ҶСش̣ǽĥ̴ʯǹꪸʽ
Щͨ͵ɷײһһӱ㽫ɷײúʮɲͣЩ̶˴룬ħԵή
⵽ʲôƾϵһܹ˲˶ķ
ʦֲһֱҪ֪ôˣһƽɽһգۿŻƾ
ľˮз˲䷢ô࣬㵽ʲôˣ⻰ƾһȴ侲˼֡
ʲôˣڼʦ֮ǰһɢޣԴɣ˺ʦֽһɢޣ˶Ѱˣһ˵
ɢޣܣѰɢôֶΡƾȴ𰸡
һҡҡͷֺαִڴأҾңɢΣʿΣѵԽյʲôıô
ƾһ㶣ϵľ¶һЦղʲô˶ûйϵ
һҡҡͷϷʵĿŻƾʦ˵ˣյֻһˣ
ѻƾƢ⻰ñŭʶһֶΣȴ侲ѵһһ˿࣬ȻҲֶ֪εжǿΪӮңֱǳ룬Ͷħţľĸɷɲô򵥵Ķֲ̫ˣھɱǱٹڵ壬ٹչֳʵڶҪ˱ᡣǲɱ㣬ҿûɱĻˣǴľѪҲҪ˵ţƾ˫ֵһƣþɷУ׷С
ɷħħزأҾѪǹɷӹĸԭͣ
ƾһڽŸ븹УдʣϵϢԽԽҲԽԽǿ󣬽شﵽ˱ٹ۷壬ȻٹıݣǰһЪ˹Ĳҽдӻƾз˲䣬ϵϢǱϣڵľ硣
ͻˣһҲЩĿɿڴ
ڵһ󾳽֮УٹȵϰһͻƱԪ˵ͻƽ𵤵ĿܡѰ£һٸٹ۷棬ֻʮܹͻƱݿȻʻɲǼ򵥵ͨġҲһϻ˼ԭ򡣵뵽Լǰһ˾ô򵥵ͻƵҶԷħʿ
ԣȻﵽϢȴͬȻһ˲Ծĵط
ƾҲǸոطɫҲһƬһ˿ζϡ˫֣ӦµЦĸ巨ȻͬСɣȻʱڣһ͹ԹԵɣ
⻰һǵûлңȷⲻͻаħȻʱʵطЩطһʩչܹһĴۻȡԶʵ˿ʲôĸӦط֮ӦǱȽǿ֡
ǿطĵľѪһٰɣ˵ûҪԪأһŻƾоȻһ˿֮ɫ
ѪʲôԪʲôֻҪħȡ˱أʦѪҪôӻУڣһЩͽ׷ôɣ˵䣬ƾ˫һ˲ƣɲƬһءپļͱͻѪܣԼڴֲڵƤħʿ˫һţڵһ㳯һ˹˫Ҫһһ㡣
ͨұһüͷһ壬ʱӿڶ֮Уͨǻƾȥ
Сƣƾţ˫۷裬˺ȻڶͨƣϢ֮嵽һǰ
ɣƾһɰȭͷһ˹
⣬ħһϽӡʱ̨󿪣һ買ֱڻƾȭͷϡȭͷԿɼٶСһŨܿɢڷ֮С
ʲôƾ̵ͬһ㣬һҽæջȭͷʮԶήòȭͷǼɻĿһ
Ȼϣ⻹ȹħ֮ĿǡһŻƾĲ״ԹԵ˵
⣬ʲôôܿħŹѵǴ֮֮ҲôףƾֵĿһЪ˹ĺ˳


һ Źֳǳ
һ£̨ϾķỹأϢʩţ򼴱ųƲ⣬Ĺ֮ҲǻϨġڷħ֮£ȴ֮󣬷ַȻټĴ֮֮ħŴ๦Ŀǣʱ鼱ʹ˳봿֮ͬħĿǸӰԵʹ⣬ƺΪ˿ħڵġ
Ȼʱһûʱ޷ħ֮ĹϵԶԶž֮һĻƾʦ֣ҷ֮£㻹ʲôֶΣʹɣҾɻ˱ǡ
ƾһһЩˡ˵ǰһֻг⣬ʱȴǱĿ־ڸǣǲһʧܶĿ־壬ҲǹƵĿ־壬ǴĵףģǶһĿ־塣
⣬⵽ʲôҲܾҪϻȥʦʦɱһ˿ȴͷӻƾͷ
ħ֮ǰھܿ죬ȴǸϱ仯ǿƵʱ򻹺ãܹǿѹסԵĲ㣬һƾ֣񱩣ӻ⣬Եȱ㱩¶š
ĸֺϣɻ꣡ƾȻһȣźϱ˻һ˹
һ֣ħһƾִԲ̨Ȼһɢ˲ˢһˢ⣬ͽˢʱ򣬱ǻƾԶԶĺһ֮ٱŰɣ
ãҪӣ⣬ҾˢһѾһʵչֳǷ֮¶ûƾȥߡ̨͵һߣⲻҪǮˢ˳˲佫𣬻رɫȴĻƾѾ˺һξ롣
Ҫӣ°ɣһһɴӻнСͳ͵׳ȥС׻һ׹⳯ƾ׷ȥҲͣ׷ȥ
ʱĻƾɫ԰׵ĲڷɽϣνһʲôʦȻһһƿ֮תͷȥһ׹ٶ׷
Ȼ֪ʲôȴ϶һֶΣͷ֮£ⶸȻ¡Ȼǰһǳصͷϲæķ˽ȥɽȥ˲䣬һڵӰǰȻһͷޡ
󣬿ҹƾҪСףѾǻŲ·˺ַܵųһڹ˹ȥ
һ˫ͨ죬˷Ȼ㲻һƣڹ飬һһ飬ڻƾĽϣȵǽϣײͷѪ
ޣƾֵĿܣ뵽һͷޡ
ȻҲݣò׼һﲻ񣬳Ҳ߶ʮһŻƾһƾʹط֮ѽűһȵǽѾǹͷ˴룬һﻹеֵֻ֮Ŀڵ˸Խѡ
Ϊһɱ֣ȴ䵽ֵ֮³ܸһλᣬҲ֪ѡ
ƾ˲Ǻ֮飬С׷Ҳһơһűǳ֮С
Сףǻƾأ
СƫƫͷָָǺܻĴĵطӲ滹ܼƾһõķ£ԼǼεʬ塣
ûƾһһǺܣȴЩԾΪڳնɱޣһͷ޶ûնɱȴǳ֮мһͷ
СףôأС׼޾Ȼæ֣⵹о֡
СһΣѰСſڵͷЩ֣ԣӦ˵޲Ŷԣ
ޣѵⲻҰޣǱ˷ޣһһ
ȻҲݣȴͱӡǣһƭҵģС׿϶˵
һ룬˵Ȼ㶼ô˵ˣӦûдˣ˴йŹ֣ǻȥĺá
СȻƽʱΪƤʱȴҲ֪أ˵ͷ㻯ƴСһϡ
תͷ˿ǻƾʬһʹȥȻԶټӦʿٶȡ
һãʿҲֻԴɵ洫ӡȻû˵洫Ҳμ񣬵ƾʬԱߣһ𱻷֣˵Լ֣û˿ϵҲп˵塣
뵽һæһ䷿У˽µԴ洫ӡߵԱߣǺҪȴһƸס
ףﾹȻиˣǱŵӣ
еͼĨȥˣҲ֪ôܹġ
ˣˣȥһҲ֪ôѲ⼸ճǣֵǣųػ
߰ɣȥû⣬ǳ⣬ǿɾеˣ
˵ţٲޣֱȥ


һ ǹ
Ȼ⣬û뵽ǳؾȻûڵͼϣǵ˼ƺбĳǳرˣѹҾ󣬳ǳظǿԭԭˡһ˶˵ĻȻ
ļһѹûޣԭǲˣߣ֪Ͱ޶ˣǻ⣡СҲ
СףЩ޻ʱҪȻޣȻпƺ͸Ӧİ취ǶõҲơ㽫Щ޸ɱˣǰġ
СƲƲ죬ʵЩȻףֻͷڳû̳޵еˡ
ΪԴֻɳŵΪĥû뵽洫ȴɳ飬涨ȻйŹֻ֣ǲ֪ǵЩʲô飿һɻ
СΨ²ҵӣЦȻ֪ǾǽǶץסʳˣҲԴɵˡ˵ʲôôأ
һЦҡҡͷ״ݾߣȻڿʲôȵˣȥˡȻкôȻˡ
һһ̺ôһö˴ӳǳ
Һû£ñʦˡ
ʮӣƺź೤϶ˣ³鲻Ҳֲġ
˵Ҳǣʦ˵ǳˣ±žܳΪŵĴˣ
˴ȻûˣҪСģлܣʦУҲʲô֪ġ
ˣˣʦ˵ǡСδãѵͷ
ߣѰ·һŵӰˣֻ洫Ӳɺģŵٶûϵʱж˾жˡ
ʦ˵ǡ
߰ɣһǳҪѲأ
֮ƿ֮Ѿȥˡһ֮һϵķ߳һһ
Ƕˣ㻹ɹģСվһϱԹ
һЦһĽթģԴСĶΪġ
߰ɣҲȥǳ뿴ӦòֹһͷޣǵСĲǣ
鷳ȫɱȡͼ򵥶ˣõ͵͵
һҲС׵ıԹ֮ͨУСĵĳǳȥ
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ףСףûиоʲôֵĶһʵ
СҡҡͷûУЩ⣬ﻹʲô
һߵˮǰɻĿ۾ɵ
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СȻλ壬Ŵм䣬Ϲ֮ºԶԶһܱȽϣʶȴҲǰ׳һܿʲôԾ
¾ȥ˵ʲôܣ˵һҪȥȻɫһ䣬ֻɿĳ嵽㳡ϡ
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ɢȥԳǰ洫˭ˡ
һ״һ㶣æλʦ֣ʦ󴳴˴֪Ǻεȵؽ磬֡
ߣ˾ɱİɣɱͬţŹ浱նվŻɣ洫Ҳ߶ʮһһڹһϱҪ֡
ɱڣһ
ߺߣ˵ĻҪɱڡʦЦ˵ƱҪ֡
ȵȣһæס
㻹ʲô£ʦֲ
ʦһ²λʦָ֪һֵ
ʲô£˵ʦЩͷˡ
ʶλʦ֣˵صʲôطΪʲôҪλ洫ػ
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һҡҡͷ
ߣ˶Ը벻һ£һ£㻹Ǵĵһŵӣ͸һʹɣ˵ţʦַһ󣬷ɽʱܹһն
Сףˣһ״֪Լܽ£æС˳ȥ
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ףһССŵӣٹڣȻһͷޣǳˣȻɵļϸʦңңָһ
֮λ޴ǣֻǽնλʦֿˣÿһˣΣȻС׵ıһҲðա


һ С׷
ߣһͷΪУ㿪ʲôЦʦЦ
á֣СͷŭúѪɽгɣһĴڣȻԡݡ
ǸС׿ԣ洫ŭ
ʲôȻܿԣѵ֣ʦܳԾ
ԣ֣ã׽˻ȥʦǣȻܻЩöʦɺں
ããã豾ҺСŭһβһͬɳȥ
˻ǣʦС£ʦ˽һЩ֮£һ˿һѵ
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ƽ԰ĺ𣬽ȴûнСײɵñſڱһ˹ȥ
º˵ãӦ۷ˣץȥһһͷᵤޣԺڳǴãʦܣҵȾҪˣȡʦֶ㿪һæں
ʦӦһһöջһдһӥХǻܺ𣬸ЩʲôƬ̣ͷʽ޳ԭأͷ⣬зӥͻǣԳͷޡ
ͷ޵룬ֳƵʦ˻ƺǱٻġ
ҽֻס˳㽫˸˺ˣ͵ǵĻʳ˰ɣʦܿںȵ˵Ÿ㻭
޵һתͷ­СףʱΧ֮ƣǰңϿնסƺʹ˽СС
þȻȡԼСŭգһȺ޽ԼΧ룬ȴǲ˿һ˫ĿԶԶվڷɽϵ洫ӡ
ҪȡҵС
ʦһЦȡֻһ÷ӣ˵ûҪȡƷһƤëҲǲЩŮҲΪϲǡ
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ףͷҪʲôʦܳԾ
ʦһҪᵤôףһͷһͷᵤǲˣ£ɹȾǿջȥʦϲġ
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ԶԶĿһУһ¶һЦΪСϵˣС׵СףǼʶʶɣ
ˣͷޣ㾲ĵšԴһȵС׽ᵤʧܣԪ˸ò׽һȵʲôȴǲö֪ˡ
ʮϢȥСϵϢԽԽŨңﵽ޵۷壬֮ǲͣľҪزɲľ硣
ʦ֣ʦЩ
ĺˣȹʧˣȻԪˣʱǲ׽Ѵ֮˵ûܴʦﻻö鵤Ǿܸһˣ
ʦֹ滮ʦŰ
ȻСϵ͵һǣ˲ļ޵ˮ׼Ƭ̣Ʊֻͻ֮ǰСϵϢӻɬӰʧˡ
ãʱʦܣȥץסʦæڵ
ʦܼ״Ҳϲüңͷ뵽Ҫֵĺôæͷǣϵ㻭ȵҽֻץ
һ£ͷӦСףȴԭأûκζ
ٽץʦΪæһΣϧͷɲ
ʦ֣ô£ʦæתͷʦ֡
ãʦܿӣʦֻȻ򣬴һҲʦûɱӡʦܼ״Ȼ֪εȴԲޱæŷɱȥ
ߺߣܣܵôһɣСһβڶȻǻָ˽ᵤʵ´ﵽļ޵
˵䣬С׽βһźȷɽķ˳ȥһźΧ׷ȥһǰһл洫Ӷ˻һǣҽУ˴ӷɽˤ


һ ޷ˮ
洫ӸϻˤϣСȴҲȥһ˫⿴ͷޣͷ޶ʱŵͬɸһ㣬ͣĶСײλޣļޡ˼ǵλߺǿߴǾηġС˫ѹȣƵָӶˡ
ɣСһһͷӥһĳХˤҵ㳡Ե֮УʱһһƬ
ҹ˵ٻС׵ԶԶڳͷޣͷܹġС˵һС׸ǰ
ǰޣСװǸ߰ͷһ˿׺ݣڶݺݵĵССλޣ뱾ΪУǲ֪أ
С׵Ļͷ޲ĸˣǻﻹɽаСèС죬ˤĲӥǱճṪﻹһӥĹҰûʲô
ڽҲǣС׺Ȼһתͷ͸һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ǣǸҽǶ˳˺ƬɣСƫƫͷָˤڵصĶˣ仰ԭⲻĻǡ
⻰ͷ޶ʱɴ⣬æŤתͷݺݵĿ洫ӣɱһ㣬һĳ˱ƽ
ʦŵûޱȣʦһץƣϵ㻭дʣץͷңңһָȵͣ
޽һ˿УȻǶԸСǲҶ֣ͣȴҲãͷ˲վԭضס
СС޽طˣ죬ڤڤݣƽƣ
Сһȣһ׹Ϸͷڡͷ޸мһ˿صɢڤڤ֮з·ʲôһ˿ϵ
ʲôˣʦҲЩˣæƾҪȥȻϷһɳȵ¶ȡûз̵֮ҽһſ漴ڵء
Ƶڵأܿһͨ죬һ죬мһͻأĳһƣѸչȥ֮䣬Ʊ롣ֻͬʱӰûͷڡ
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ͷ޷Ľ֪ԼڲССƵĿƣˡ
ҽ˺飬ѵҪԶôʩչطСȴûһƣԲĺ
ͷԶʱ洫ӣһ۵ĳޣ顣
ã޷ˮʦܣȡʦּ״æʦܡ
ʦȻһЩжתı仯ЩԽܣȴҲʿͷʰڴ֮һͣöӳϡ
ʦֺץöӣһһһöͷȥ
һ֣˲ͷ­СԵʮֹ졣ҲǺһҵϣʱһ޴ĵܺͷްС
Ϊͻƽᵤܳף˵ʦ̧־ͽһöСס
ǰĳСҲԸӲӣһһչʱʮԶһһֱԱ߿ţȫҲյ˿ȥ
Сף£һһ
СԣתͷһһۣоȻһƬɫתȥ洫ЦСС֪ɣ
ʦܿܣʦִһһöӳͷܡ
Сײ㲻ſڱһŴ׺ʱը׹һ飬һ֮޴ˡ
ҪӣûţСһŤܿˣצ̤գ׷ȥŽᵤڵΪ׷˶ˡ
ǣԴɶȻŹģʱ򣬶Ҫץסľݡ
Сʲô֮е̳ˣôСС洫ӵĻſڱһ𽫶˰Ĳҽֻ֮ɽĶ˷ĩ
֮УСҡһ䣬ΣΣһɫȹûë׵ĺͺβѵľһ˶
ֽ˴ɽСҲֱӻⷵسǳء
㳡֮ϣһվ룬Ǳըľ޴Ӷ÷էתͷֻεС׳󣬲һ˫֮ȴǳǺ⡣


һ 
Сףһ
Сδţվԭأһ˫һֻеĺһ㡣
ҡҡͷһٴοڵطĽ
⻰С׽һеĺ˪ɢȥ룬ҡҡͷܣ
֣һһǷ࣬Цã
Сԣһšǿ֮һߣҲ֪㵽ǸʲôȻõһľƽȻܺ˿
һһЦ˵ҲΪɻ󣬲Ҳûʲôõģ
Сһ˫ŭյĿһ˵ȻûʲôõˣȻñģġ
Сƺַ쳣֮ǰദ֮жûἰ˴λָᵤʵȴԳڡ
ޣһ̽Ե˵Сһǵͨ죬ʱҪԼ˺һ㣬ŹһЦˣˣСҲˣҪҷҲǲܣֻǴʱ㣬ҵİȫȴ޷֤ˡ
Сһ㶣¶֮ɫͣһϿȥҪһһ仰Ǽһ㡣
Ե棬ҪʲôҪſϷңСվ̲סʵ
һٺһЦ˻Ȼ棬ҪȻҲôˣ˵ţ½С˴һ
С׼״ͷһЩ˵֮УԻһЩȻԾĳһ
㵽ҪʲôС׶ûע⵽֮һ˿
һ״Ц˵Ȼû뵽С㻹㱣أľˣ˼㱣ңֱʵͬһ죬ҾͿͷˡ
СԣŷʱŸоһ£ԼȻʮֹƺһ˿ĸоͷʲôȴ˵ˡ
Ȼ顭ȻҪģҲҪŰҵЩһʹһϾӦġ
ദһȷʵܵС׶һĽЦȻѰԼ־ˣϾڱ֮£ǲܵõĥģΣյʱɵþȫǰ
С׵óʱԻ֣ȵΪﵽ뱾൱ǲʱ̫ˣ
һǺһЦԲ죬Сһ޵޻˶ʱ䣬һ꣬꣬꣬أҲǻһˣٶѵ㻹ˣ
Сһ㶣˵ͷԼȻźطʵҲһһĻۣһȴԼ˿еʱԼǿ˵ʲôʱ׷Լġ
һС׳ҲͱˣһЦȻظΣܲСС׵Ľˣ֪ԭʲô֣Ҳûƺ
С׽һҡҡͷɥʧ̫࣬ҲǲԼʲô֣磬硭
һ˵硱ĶЦȻˣС׺ˣʵǰҲΪۣʱɱ׺Σ
СҲ˵ֻǵ˵ͷĬˡ
ѾһҲڴˣתͷȥǵĴӶСףڿɷо֮
⻰Сǰӱϣǣü΢ƺ˱仯Ũ࣬Ÿּ˵ԣƺľľԭˣѰϣֲʺϸ˴ǴľΪʲôܹïʢԭˡһȻ
С׶˽ȻԶһȴҲû޵ĵطֻüЩľЩ񻰣ӡУҲľܹ۵ĳ̶֮£涨Ȼʲôڣ
ľȻѵ˵żҲǸԴҪֻ̣Ҫõܹ볬еżôһϵ֮ǰõϢԾ
ӦˣС׻Ҳָһ˼άٲǿָʵʱҲóһͬļ⡣
Сף˵˵ǸõΣһתͷСס
СǶһѯЩԾһõЦˣҪͿˣ
һ˿С׽Ƥ׻ɫ֮ſڣȵ޺Ʋҹݲʣȱǰ֣벻ȡнѣСףˣ


һ ľ
⻰СЦŨ˼֣ȻˣǾ͸ϿɣǼͷ洫ӵȻԴɸ߲ע⣬˵ھ͸Ϲˡ
һ˵ͷҲףһָǿӶСףͽˣ
СҲƴǣǰϸ㳯ǿӶһ㣬ֻƾճһСĻըһƥ˷
һվԶûյӰ죬̳֮УɼһʯųӵײżĴˣһɸŨҵľ㲻רľйһҲ泩ޱȡ
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һһԼƺһټ֮У棬ǽڶľʽṹģľʽṹ滹оϢ
ѵһþȻôôܣһþСǳأ䷶Χ֮ˣһԾ
Сײ֮ԱǣʲôϹ֮ʱһľֱܹͨ磬ֻҪȥܹɾسɣǲصһľءȾ˵һǳأǽڣҲӱİˡ
ȻľϹʱڹȻе۷壬ֻǲ֪αûˣһԿ̾
СܹĶޣҲǲ֪ϹûԵɣֻǳ濴ȥѰ·Ѱһһҵһľ湳дЩȴһܹġ
С״ȥڱḷ̌ľ֮飬֮أǧɵһ̣ķѹ죬Ȼش䡣ɽ֮٣ǰȥӦ١δ֪ȴһطǧз֮ࡣȻݼȥѸ֮α̺Χվ̡Ȼľĩδгߴ֮ȴ֮ѣֻˣʼ೤֮ŲˡһߣԸҵα֣֮ߣΪ֮˴б̡˱ߣýǣԸб֮⣬ժ¼֮ľ䡷ϰɣɼ̳б౦ǲԸطһңñȥмǲ٣ֽӣ
һС׶꣬Ҳ֮⣬ʵСף֪ľǺεȴڣʲô֮ʲôط
СԳ̾һҲ֪֮֮࣬ƺֻƬأӦûЩǲ֪ĵط֮ؾ֮һľҵţǰŸոʱôһɣΪԭ̣ôȴʮСģⱮ˵ѹĴ̣οò֪ľҲԲССܹõġ
һԵ˵ͷ˵Ӧĳľ̴е˽ģֻǻûȵ㱻˰ɣ
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˴̣Ȼˣɽ٣һţС֪ô
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ʮ꣡һһ˵԰꣬ǧǣʮȴҲʵʵһĴĿˡ
˵żﵽӦнʮ꣬ô궼û˷֣ȴǲ֪ԴηֵġСҲֹ
һΪͬĵ˵ͷߵⱮǰְһݣдűĵǰȻʮǰú󱲾Ҳľժ¼ɣ㲻ҲԴڱˣҲǾһˣ
˵һתļ֮̌ͷȥֻһֻ򸡣ʱһһ˿Ժ
һֻһ̾ʮˣȻʮˣȻ㲻ԸҲĳҲԵõҡľ䡷񹦣Ǵ˶ˡֻҪԴԸӣȥҲȥҲ
֮һоһƬޱȵƪ£ǽһһӳɲ飬ڤڤ֮ȴޱȵ¡
С׼һԭأ͵һĵ㵽ôˣ
һһתһ룬㷢Ժ֮жһļ䣬׹ľ䣬ǰӦþľĩµĲлǣΪ֤ǷʺϴСľ䡷û뵽ԼԵһͨ⿼顣뵽Լж⣬´ʱҲ֪ʲô
뵽һҲͨټһɣĹô򵥵˵ģǳˣͳ֣ǲǰ׳մʲô
̧ͷдĵı棬ֻɳϲ֡С׿һۣȴɫ䡣


һ ƻľ
һ״֪Ȼʲô飬С޷ӣæʵСףʲôô
С׵дĲʲôľ䣬ǽľפءľΪʮ㣬Խ棬ΪԽǸǿΧһ㣬Ҳڵģǡľڣϵʵܵȳһʮľ֮ʱĽͲʮһϷͷغ򣬸һľǽ֮ˡΪԷͷ֮ǰʮֱأǵõ߳ϵͬǲܽеġʮ֮صΪҪһֱڲͨ衣ǷҪָʵصڲʵȻ٣ȴҲء
һԵ˵ͷȷʵľǰռ¼˵ôǿĻҲȻǿ˵þҵҶȡУҲҵ˴УǿԽˣá
СҡҡͷҲͰˣľҲ˵ˣͨʮ֮󣬵ۻĴľлضͬ衣
ʲôһһȻҲ˵ֻʮʱ䣿
С׵˵ͷ»ûʮ㣬Ͼľʮ꣬ôĹҪĵһӴޱȵ֣¾ʮʱҲ᲻ġ
һҲͬĵ˵ͷ
ңСüҵʵֻܴﵽĲ㣬㶼ЩѣȡñҲһЩ֮ˣܴﵽƷʮֲˣ
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뵽һ̷Ժ֮ǡľ䡷һҳҵһƻľƽ֮ͷһ֪Ȼطѧ
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ľӰٴγ֣һ˹ȥǳȵƻľľƽ


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Ӱ룬һ̹ϷųһϣһǿȴԵѹ˹Ҫ룬һ㡣
һ֪⻹ԼΪһǴﵽڿľҲֹԼˡۼĲǰԸʹȴһߴ߶һߴ߶̨ͬʱעӡ֮С
ƻľľƽ䴫Уҿ
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һУֻһѵ춯Ⱦ޴黺򿪣һɸŨľͬһ˳һûСʱСҲպȡ˴䵽һǰ
һһץһѵҩҲʲô˽ȥȻεǲСġСףüͷһû£ȥĽƶȻ٣ӦѲ㣬ȡپȡ٣Կܴܲ򿪵㣡
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һ ǿᷨ
һһܣһķԺ֮УЩĲƷԸһ⣬ʽҲ廨ţǹꪸṴķӦоУף£ȹѣ˿֮෨Ҳȫб飬ƿ֦֮಻ʤö١
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ȷʵҵķ̫Ҫһǡһű㳯ǰڷŷĸ˹ȥ
ڼ׻Ƿأʽһһ룬ߵһڼǰ
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طƽƣʱСһȣʱϵİ׹ȹĽֹϣ˿˿ͬˮһ㽫Щܽ⡣ЩɾûһȻһ߱ܽ⣬ȴҲϵٶȻȲݻȴǽƽٶȼ಻һƽˡ
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˻ԼĪһʱ䣬Ⱥ󲻹ֱڼ׺ȹĽƿС׼˻ֱץ˹һʹϡǱϼʵȹѴĶ˵СϸԵùˣһһ㶡
һҲϲͣһѽڼץڼϹ⻪ȥȻһû㹻ʵڼϵơֻǿ´ˣʱǿĶ֣Ҳֻܿڼ׵Զˡ
ѸٽڼҲһȥƽڼƵʱ㽫Ҫķѡˣ˴ֱһǰڷŵһľľϻư߲һĿϡı⣬һҪǽʿͷľˡ
ðɫ⣬⼸ѹƵľһ˼ľԡľ䡷̣һȻľ䡷ȴҲľйΪľ֮ȻŨľľзϼ֮أʶÿһķȻڶ࣬ӦľԷΪǿ󣬶óʹýҪȻѡóȻ֮ľɽȴǲͬľʲҲԶĴڣľȻó˵ڶ๥֮УľӦ֮һˡ
һٴȷϷһ󣬱㿪ʼƽСҲһͨ챦෨Ҳʼȫƽ
һϵʱһţһĶͷҲ˺飬ȴ֪Ϊ̫󣬻̫š
һĶһǰһѣҲ̲סʱѽȥ˾ˣС׵Ʋ⣬ľʱп֧Ųȥʱܶһ׬һ
ľ䣬ƻľȡľзһ󵨵ʹˡƻľ顣ڡƻľ絽ľϵʱһ΢޵ĸӦһԺ֮С
̫ˣȻǡľ䡷ƵķϢͨΪһһͷϲѡ
Ҫ֪ҲǸйأһеĹ°빦Ч飬ֻҪһ˿ϵڷͬ±пʹ֮ͬǵӦʵʹáҲ˵һһ뷨ϵʱ뷨Թ֮ͨ󣬱пܷӳһַܡ
뵽ԼпʹһһͷޱȣʱСҲǱȡС
Сףץʱ䣬һһæ
СҪһľ
ãȻûܼʮ㡣һͷһ


һһ Ƭ
С׼״æתͷһǵľϡ
һҧҧľڵĻȻʧЧӦûֵܵôЩʱģľʮִãֱҵĩػͨ²֪ҪѶʱҵԴɸ߲Ȼ棬ӦڴͨҪҪЩʱ䣬ȡһһ
СԵ˵ͷͷɨڶ෨ʱѡһϺõķͲˡһҲȫѰã˵ʺϵķȻĵһѿһӶ
ʲôһæȥһľʵذ徹ȻƿһӣԳһѩ׵ϲһ״һ˿˿ľͬԴͬʵϢƮɢһһڣֻõ֮ĵѸٲȷðʲôĸǿʮٱ
ǣһԾĿǰĶ˵ǷʲôģܴűһƷǰƴСĶƷʲôƬֵǣ֮ȴвƺɱ˵ĶǾ֮һ㡣
СƺҲһƬæ֣ȡⶫѹı
һ˲仺ͬʱƻľķʼСһͬƳϵĽơ
Сף˵ʲôѹı⵽ô£һæʵ
Сüͷһ͵һƽİ׹ʹõĸŴһľӦһ鱦ĴڣҪѹ෨ľ֮еĸֻȴġʶÿ㶼רѹıƽ£Щľʱȴǲò¶߶άĵֿҲ֪ʲôܷӦҪ෨ҪǿһŶԣ˵þһ鱦ıأ
鱦һһҪ֪鱦ֶ˵ССıٹڣԪӤȴҲȾָֻп󾳽磬ϵĸ֣пܵõôһǿܰˡɴ˿ɼ鱦ĺѩͺƷƶˣҲǸһ鱦վڶ֮ϣΪн̳ɴ˿ɼ鱦
˺ĶѰ˱ǼһǺѵģľΪʲôصĵһɣһЩҲɴһʳָ󶯣һҪᵽֲС
ΪѹıƬΧĽȻͬСɣԱȵϴϵĽˡһС׻˰ʱҲĥСơ
УСףȶţҪһöƽ֣֮ȡ̾ߣ
СҲԣһ󣬸ǿƽ֮ʩչʱסָ
ڤڤɵ䣬꣬ľ䣬ƻľƽ
һ߶ϣѪ֮вƶУ̨֮еĲȻͬʱϡû֮ǰľ֮࣬ûḶ́һȭͷС߲Ѫ죬ף̣ӰһϣķѪԪͷģǿƽ֮Уʩչôһö֮󣬿ºóʱ䶼ʩչһö
ƽ֣֮ƿ
һ˫һƣƽ֮ǲƬĸ֮Уϵžžֱ죬ǸϵĶѿֻܿʣС롣
ãҾƽСױԾ͸߰һ˴Ȼƶƿ룬ҲԲԸ䣬һͬʱ̨Ҳſһһ΢˲ٵķͬʱ˳ֻð׹ŷ⣬˲佫ļ볶˸顣
ȡһƣԾɴһСȡ
⻰Сһ㶣ǲһȻԼȡ
Ÿʲô㣬ǵǳŸôһЩ˵Ȼź
С˲عָһ㽫Ƭһ˫һȻ͸ĹʡԺ֮ǧ뷨ӿ˾ȻҺң˭ôʹԣҽĶΪʲôһԹѵʩϵĽһǽ
һ̫æ̷һѵҩſڵСףǸϿߣԴɵˣɾ鷳ˣ
⻰С׽ͷ˼ȫ˵ͷһȥ
ڴʱһ쳹ľ˹Դɵѽͨģǰȥͨǰȥ󡣡
⻰һСɫ֪࣬Σڲſʼ


һ 츣
ߣһüͷһ壬ֻ³֣˺Ĵܳ㣬Ĳ㣬ȻĲҲƿ汦ڣһƷҵķƷķȻ۲վֵΪðաԽ㳯ȥ
֮ж·ѹıҲһƷķˣö˵ע⣬ڶ㣬ǸǲҵµһһƷСһҲҪҪúܶࡣ
ϾҪһ㣬ȥ֮ҲҪߣҸطһѾƺˡ
С׵˵ͷڴûġ
žǰԾ˳ǻ⳯Ϸȥȴһҽд洫һЦ֮¸ЦΪʲôʺĵطô꣬Ϊ˶ٵҩأһΪˣŪˣʵˣλȥˣ˭뵽ҡ
һ˥츣ͽʦ塢ʦһὫʬεġ
Ц֮ͣ츣׺ݵ˵ͽЩʦʦԼѱûʱԸͰȥɣ˵һҽдǺҪû
һĵ˵ʦ֣ʦֵֵϣƹһһΨʦհ
츣һЦЦ֮ǼΨհʦܣ仰֪Զ˵ƺҲ˵ɣ
ʦæʦֲҪɱңҾʵް԰
츣һްԣǱͱӵĻ˰ˣ͵͵ư鵤鲻ʦôˣλô겻üա˵ֻ꣬һ죬ûˡ
ö𵤣Ƴɵҩʵ˵þܿڡ˵ţ츣ٴοЦ
ô죡Сתͷһ
ԴɹȻб䣬澹Ȼ˼ϸ츣Ӧͽˣ𵤳ڣСܷ£һüͷһ
Сŵĵ˵ͷֻҪӢĽܣһҾ£˵ţȹһĨȹϲʹⰵȥû뵽С׶̶ʱ㽫ȹ룬ܹްĳ̶ȡ
Сһ֣һͷҲ˵ףȴʲôԾҲ˵
˼Ǽ䣬һӰϷ䵽ǰϸȥȴһͺͷ߳߰ףȻмִüĿմȾѪգ˭Ҳ洫Цɱʿ츣
츣һҲʮֳԾֻ¶һЦݣֵԭλСˣδߣĳҪʧ
⻰һüͷڵŵһʦ壬ǰ˽ʦǰ˵żû뵽Ȼ类˴򿪣Ҫط֪СȻʦˣʦ𵤵ΪųҲ죬ʦǰȥͨɣ
⻰츣һЦҡͷøʦֶʦʱúܣɲ׼׽ԲصֶΣʦҲļϸɣԱߵʲôɵħԣƺǣѵɣ
һҲΣһЦʦ壬ʱͬȣ滹෨ֻҪȥҲԲǿᣬΣõĺôɱȲýȥѹװ
츣üͷһ˿һŻʦֶĿ࣬ǿֶΣ̶ʮ㲻ʱҲԵõʲôҽȥȻѹΡصҵĶľţ˭Ҳ˭ãôˡ
һ¶һЦݵʦˣʦɣ˵һָŶ
츣һЦ˵ͷƹ˳ŶȥǰһȻڶ෨ûбȴ¶һοЦתͷһʦֶȻˣˣʦҾͲˣջлټʦֶֽֽأ
ʦˣʱ䲻ˣʦ廹ǸϽȥɣ
츣˵ͷͳȥһҲһΪҪȫ뿪ıòߣ˭޹أȻЩʹЩܹѪеĽ⣬иʱ룬Ϊؼ顣
˲䣬һ˿ǰδеΣгͷɫһ䣬̨͵ſʱһüĳŴС׵һСģ
С׵ĺУһƵֱ۴ӵͣ͵ĳһıĴȥС׸оˣҪȥȴˡ


һ 
⣬ҵסͷһͲٿ޷֮±ֵһתУͭǽһ㡣
ʲôСϷףҽ˺ѣ츣ԶԶЦ
һ䣬ɫֱ۴ڷϣûĽֱ۵˻£ȴһģͬĺУⰵɱһоô򵥾ȥֱֻۻһ㱻յͨ죬Ƥɻĳһĺ󱳴ȥ
ãǰ򿪽ƺķ̫ⶼЩֲסϧֻط⣬أѭϢﻹһȻƣ˵Ҳڣüͷһ壬˲Ķ֮е͵עڼ֮С
һߣͿˣһĬ룬ͬʱһֱʽġ
ô⵽ʲôˣһƺһ洩ķ±ǱһҲǷķ£ֵܹһȭͷжȥһɣųɱֱ͸˹
ûȫϣȴһԾѡħҲһ޶ɱ٣һȭͷĸоǱ˿ѷڵħ޻ҪǿһЩ
ҪС׿зĽ۾Ȼǰëĺצ͵һץгֱۿȥֱôòŷҪһٽһնɱǷֱܹնϣһҲˡ
ֹк֮䣬ڰٷ֮һ֮պȭͷͬشһһϡ
СӣˣУˣͷ֮ء츣Ц⿴һСΪ˿̱ޱȣһ㰲ȻȥһɱҲΪֶΣǰǼ˴඼һˣҲܼ򵥵㱻ˡ
ۿһȭͷ֮µʱһһȻǱɱһȭͷֵסô
סˣһͷһ룬ųٴαסıжȥ;ųɾţµһ˿ҲֻһѪ
ֱ۱ͷ˫صסҪȥȴǲУС׻ӳķоʱˡһֱϣǱһ˺ۣһ죬Ȼһеնϡ
ءһҽдͬҰһ㣬һ
û°ѣС׳˹һסæʵ
һһѪǰĹȴɫɷףֽͬһ㡣ҡҡͷ£һѵҩȥ
츣һбɱȻûгɹȴһɫǺ죬̵ЦСӣû뵽㾹ȻȡһƷܹҲþϷǾ֮ˣרɱþˣ͵ɣ
⻰һҰ׵¶һЦС׵Сף˽㣬콫
С㣬һãһһ߻һȦʱ׵ĺȼһҽ֮󣬱õͻȻ¡һС츣ȥ
Ȼɣû뵽ҲҪһ֣֪ЩôҲľ޻ЩãԲǣΪʲôҪ˻ˮǵʲôҪģһͬȥȡĳ档
츣Сһ֣ɵÿȰ⣬һӦ尲ŵļϸС׾ִ֮ˣԼɱһôһСආСôһɶ㲻ʲô飬ԼֻҪһӣԸֱֳһܹ򶯶Էʱ˵ûһ
츣ˣȻһֻбٹڵΪСװ׵ǽᵤΪߵĹϵٴȴͣһΪСΪʹӣʹӶ㲻ϣֻޣһƿأֻҪһһҲùҲ˵ôһϵĹϵСҲһܵ˺ˡ
С˪һ˫͸ųǺ⣬һҪһ䣬ֱɷ׺ɳ츣˹ȥ
츣ϵС˵־ͳ֣Ҳǽʿĺ֮ʱŷ̧һ쳤ɳźס
ѼȻ˲飬ǾݹĳˣСһͬȥɣ츣̸вɹҲֱӾͳ֣óһȴһ¯һĿ¯ǣûһӿһҪС׵ź
Сײмһһָźʱ۳һţɷ׵Ļ澹Ȼ֡
𣡡츣


һ мʬ
СһҲܶԷξһǣһһɳǻΧ͵һײǳɽʮɣӲڱϡ
Ȼͷ𣬿츣Уò˱ˣֶΣ
˵ţ츣һ¯ʱл룬һһһ籡֮ûϨҲû£͵һ棬һ¹ǡϺĿǡţ졢ʨסۡצڻ֮С
һһۿȥɵһŲĶȻһһŻĻֶˣȲޣС˵ҲһǿϹʱΪԺգΪأΪǿȺֻʮȴм֣ǼѪгɣѪݻɣԣ󤣬ֲһ㡣
ұֱͬû뵽㾹Ȼ֪ôȻҲֲʩչֶΣһ֮ɣ
˵ţ츣Ϸһ󣬻һָСסʮɳ̵ĻŻ޿һţڻ˳Ҫճɽ̿
СԲŭЦֱ𣬽סǼͲһˣǲд棬ƾıŪһҲԸˡŪһۣǣԣƶɢһûУΰˣҪˣ
С׵Ļ츣Ǳ˵ʹţ۽еǼ٣ʵܽճɽ̿ɻңϻᣬɣ
СһЦȻҲûеõϵĲϣȴǵΣǿĻΰѣ˵ţС˫ǰһУһдʣ˫һȵط任ת
תһֵڵĵطʱһŤ˲ǱŤĵطԽԽԽԽܿͱһ
С׷һȵ֣
ŤĵطʱԳһͬʮɳĻ츣ųĻͬǴɫڣǸʤһ
С㣡ٳǣ
ǳʱſһ磬һǰǿʮĻ˳˲Ϣ֮䣬ռ¶ȶȥˣһʶˮ
Сüͷһһָȵƣ
ǰһβˮһζȴǺС׺һǰŤͷǳɫͬſһ磬һ׻籡ǳһֻţֶΣһײӲĶ
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츣ҲЩˣ߶һɹɻעɫ֮СС׼мЦЦһƣðĻʱһһӱ㽫Ļɣ˻ȥŰ潫
潣ն
츣Ҳżˣٻسһն㳯նȥ
С΢΢һЦһץ˳İʱصǰܿ潣նһֵСͷҲΪ⣬ǻָᵤĵһսȻҪԷ£Ȼ˵þͱһСˡ
һҲ֪С׵˼ֻǾʱϵóˣߴٵСףϽ£Դɵ˾Ҫˡ
Сüһ壬˵ͷ϶һöͮͮӣ֮бʧ
ȻұʬΣ츣űⰵĶ¯ŭ
ıߺߣһҪбҪճɺ̿˵СָǰдʣƬ֮¶һ΢ЦղŶ֣Ҳֵˣɻ񣡡
һ䣬ʱǴʮһöͮͮӳУڱע֮Уʱһ˿ȵϢͿռ䣬һС׵ĺ𱣻⣬طʱž죬Ȼ޻ȼ
б飬ƷƷ㾹ȻȱȻǴӱ֮͵ѽѽҵõȻܹǺڣͻƽҲһҪССҵֶΰɣһ֪ʲôڵģ
츣۴УҲëյĿݻƣϷһʹâͷ֣ʱľˮϢȻȻγһСС⡣
зԣǻеģˣзͷҲʩչҪٲ׾ˣֶζʩչɣСײ˵
ããã츣˵֣Ϸٳɣȵмʬҳɣ


һ ʦ
мʬСüͷһƺⶫҲһּɻ䡣
ֻף࣬࣬ڣɫҫ⻪֮ԳӰӰһģֻ֫¶⣬¶ƤȻɫһģһɫεֱ۾ȻһأСһֱֵɫҲ࣬ȻǰС׿ϵһֻˡ
С׼мʬȴʮֳԾֻǵ˵øˣһһȻħֱԣҿǴħͷأ
츣ԹЦɵħʲôֻҪΨòҵĵҵ֮飬Σͳ壬ζħҲԶıɱĶˣ
СԱݽҧΪ֮еĹ壬λĴڣ嵱ȻдܣǿߣվǵͳħɻãȴҪ˺ɱȡڵƵҩıȻǿΪ֮Ҳ쾭壬˵ȴҲͷһʹ
øͳøҪҪɱﵹҪܽɱˣɱˡСŭˣһ˿ϢӽεɢһҲɵͷһԺȻԲ۳ڡʱҲ׼ֹСףϾ㽫ԷԼ˲İȫ
Сŭˣ츣ЦмʬڵһϺõҩġмʬд󣬸ɱ
мʬõ̳˳γɺΧ֮ƣȴһ˿µĸо·ϢǣȻûһ໥谭ȴǻٽǿ
󷨣󷨣һͷҪ֪Ҫһֱ󷨶оΪ֮ĻҲȻΧ䴴Ҫ֪֮ˣȻֻȴݻֱ仯󷨵򵥵þڻĻϽ໥ãŴȻһҲõ󷨣һûȴЧʣϽϡһֲ֣һͿǿ缶սȻ󾳽ǲܵˡмʬ޵ҲڵʵһǾʮڵȵù𵤳ڵˡ
ССģ൱㣬һǱ㿳˵мʬһǻмʬƺɣûдﵽߵǿȣԴͻƣһҲо˰󷨣Ȼûȫɣȴ˿ʶоָ
Сǻбע֮УӲȻһָ㣬˲ת˼һ㽫ǻмʬȥ
ļһȻͨ壬ҽն֮㽫̻ιмʬ츣һĻôӵۡ
ȹ˱һذɣ𣬱仯ҷգС׻һָͳһɳĻ棬ǻмʬչȥ
д󣡡
츣һмʬ˲վӲ̤һֵĲϵϢҲһ֮תɫ⻪γһ֣պ˹ȥʱסˡκǹ֡
ļһҾƽС׽һϷһ󣬶ʱƽ֮˳ƽ׹йϣʱ
ΪдȻֲ츣һϷ󶯣ھй֮емʬĶҲ׷߶һŹֶµĶһɹԪУʱлָֻƽǽƽ׹ס
ƽԽЧ󷨺ͽЧȴǲ̫áд֮һô͸С˲١
С׼ٲܽ޵дһڹӣ㣬ͷȴǿñ̬Ȼа취ܹԷ£ЩطҪһʱ䣬ȴǲͨõġ
츣¸´Цûа취˰ɣֵҳ˰ɣд𣡡
һ䣬мʬԽԽ죬ϳһţһǿ֮ɢ֮ǿС׶ЩԾ
СףʱʲôľͲùˣҪˣǾ뿪ˣһæ
Сͷһᣬһתͷһǿޱȵѡ˳׼ʹõʱ򣬱һһʦ֣


һ 
һĺСͣ˹ȥ˳һĿɿڴŵķȥҲüͷ
ԭмʬΪһ£Ȼ¶һǳɫͻѪܱͻӲľ֮Գ֮ɫԼԼֱܷⲻǴ˭ˡ
ʦ֣ôһæ
ǻмʬһһ˫۾ľĿǰŨĻԪϵĳд֮С
ˣˣ츣£һɫǺ죬ŭ
츣ͼٺһЦĳ£СȻŵӣȴǲü²ǡôСӻʶ
һŭȵԭ㣬ԭ㽫ʦֱӵģѹҪ뿪Դɣˣ
ʦ֣ԭǣŽŵСӣСȻҽҲŪ˹û֣û뵽û뵽쾹ȻˣվҪϣٺ٣ȻϵôãҲˡд󣬻ΪףΪ𣡡
Ȼ츣һ䣬мʬ˲Ϊһ壬Ϊ壬һƥĻʱѨ˹ľʱ涼սĸо
ãõĺܣһŭЦۿ츣ʦֻһҪΪʦû뵽ȴǱŪģ˲˹ղ˶ϣҲͷ֮ޣСףʲôֶʩչɣʦֵԸǲԼӵģһ̰ɣ
һԽԽᣬеıȴԽԽأС׸һôЩҲûиеʲôʱйŭ⡣
ıǣС׵˵ͷָʱɫȻԭȱ˲Ϣ֮䣬ԭмʬߵ¶˲併롣
øȻܽתȳ̶ȣܽ׽ȥһܹƳϺõҩ츣£ʱȻ뵽
С׽һҲþû̷ˣһŶȻʮζҲȲˡ
츣ЦСС֮ôƿصģд߶һˣܻ׽㣬ʱܡд󣬻мʬ𡣡
ں֮Ļмʬ߼ʬ˹ȭͷ㳯ɫ˹С׵طô򵥣һǣ֮ʱ˪мʬڱϲһȻ͵ش߶Żظ
𣬱£С׿ʱͬһһ㳯мʬ˹ȥ
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мʬӲſ͵һڳɫĻ档ѰͬǽʬĵǶǱ壬ֻҪһǱ̻𶾷ǽʿֱ˻𶾣¶Ҫʱܽ
ʬ뼫ײһ𣬶ʱ潦䣬䵽ϲǶһǸʴһ̿ɼֻ涼Ϊݶ⻪ɢȥȴɻ潩룬һһ죬ֲ¡
£仯ҷ⣡
֮жʱܳһ͵һܣ㽫мʬסһ𳯻мʬͷҪ𳹵׽һ㡣
мʬ˺츣ٴδ߶һ
ֻǻмʬһţʱƳſһ϶˫һץͷһץ͵һһ֮ǻʱء
ֶβˣǹԹ׽ˣұ֤ȡڵˣ츣״ٴſ
С׼״ŭϲ˫ǰɣʱһָǱʱ汩ǣǰ죬ȻСһһƣٴνмʬһһβ츣ܹȥ
󵨺ңмʬһٳǣ˵һǰĶ¯һŴ˹
Сһ̧һָ͵һ𣬶¯Ļʱһͬ涼ɱ״Ҫڵء
ܣܣôܱƿصȳ̶ȡмʬٻ츣¶֮ɫæмʬǰµĻмʬȴûжɴıš
д󣬻мʬٻط
츣𷨾ҪػмʬֻûмʬˣҲתǱɻмʬϣ¶һЦݣһɱЦȥɣ


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һ츣ɫʱ࣬Ĳлƻмʬû뵽㾹Ȼָʶ֪Ҿͽɢó
¸һЦѵ˵óҰɣ
츣һߴ߶Ŷ¯һ߽潣ųʱֵסһ߶ݺݵ˵л껹ҷˮҪһʲôĥмʬдĥл꣬ɢ
һ䣬¶һʹѵı飬ζϳ鶯Ťͷʮǿ⿴һɺʦܣҪң쵰ɱˣȻҵɵļʬҲҪͲˣʲôʬȫ˰ɣ
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мʬһ˿ϤĸоһͷɵһҪ˵ǰΪѾµȥ֣ڣȴЩˡ
ǰ˵ͷɫ䣬죬죬֣Ҫˣٲ־ͳˣ졭졭
˥һ˼ֱųһʦ壬ʦֿˣ
츣һȻĲ٣ڶЩӣ¸һЦˣˣҽĲл궼ĥˣҲҲˡ
һ˵ͷ˵˵мʬҲûйϵˣ
츣һʬѣֻû뵽㾹Ȼ꣬Ҫʬ֮£ĺˣҲὫĥƬʦֵطġ
һԵȻЦһЦڵСף㶯ְɣҪģԸͷסмʬ
Сһ㶣˵ͷ츣ЦСӣˣƾΪܵҵмʬǶȥɣ˵ţ츣һߣǴԭصмʬʱתɫˮмʬֿʼ˺
֪ʲôȻɱ㣬ҲΪʦֱһˡ˵ţһڵأʱд
ȥɽȻسưԣδı仯ȻһȻΪӣţУζᣬʩ価ǣ
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ܣҵмʬôյĿƣתһ
˲䣬ǼʬɫһߣɫľмʬŵľɴڣһȥľмʬһĲҽ
Բܣתһһ
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ģҲԱԱҲôɵбԱǿֶΣ˵츣͵һţһھѪץУһǹɣмʬľѪҲǣħ콵ɱˡ


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츣һ䣬ⱾΪĶУʱúѹѹһƬޱȵϢѸռ䶼һǺĿ֮жʱһӰʱʱϣ񺿽Уʱһ˿ѪƮӱøһ㡣
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һɫÿȺֽСֹסֱֱĶԶ֮УѪЦ츣
СǺεȸ߰ˣҪĻͱ˺Ƭˣһô׵һ֣ȴ˿ݲ๺ͻڵġ
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ħƽԶС׾Ҫطʱ̣һ˫ۺȻûнʣû󳪣һƽƽʲôûзһ˿Цݳǡ
Сף˾ͺãͽɣ


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Сһ㶣Ȼ֪һʲôֶΣȴҲĬĬ˿ȥħǼС˿Ҳȥʳͻһ
һ״Ųæһ㵭Ľüķɳ󣬻һɱҶС
⣡С׼ⱴҶβϵãⶫҲʶõı鱦߼Ĵڡ
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ЩСħܵʲôֻһζĳһ˹ɣɣɣɣһɣʱһ޵𣬶ǷɵеıҶ΢΢һһӱҶ֮˳
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츣Ľ𵤶ʱ𣬱Ҫ롣
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Ӳ˵ģһһƬĮȻ·ŵĲǽ𵤣һöʯһ㡣
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㵽ҪʲôҪɱңҪ꣬ҪʲôҶ㣬ʯŮ鵤ҪʲôҶܸ㣬ֻҪһĻġ츣żˣ𵤱֣͵ȫ֡
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һһģ㽫ǻĻ뱴Ҷ֮С츣뱴ҶһоĵӰΧڱҶ֮ﻹֻֿñĴ꣬ܿʧȥˡת˼ȦҲһüĿڵϿʼ
һһѽˣָָ츣ʬСףȥĶ˰ɣ
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ʦ֣Ҳ֪ûнĲлˣʦдȻ㸴ˡһվǻмʬĲкǰڵ
߰ɣСףǸϽߣһУһйС׾Ҫȥ츣һս˵಻࣬˵ٲҲһʱ䣬ٲ¾߲ˡ
Ҫ붴ҵʱ򣬺һЦǴأԴɵСǣлǿ·ˣħӹ


һ ̤ѩ޺
ħţһüͷһ̾츣˵Լħͨħں׼ˣ֪ħһңǼһжԴȻǴɣȴǵβС˵һ󶥼ħ֮һħ£ȴҲֻиĿܣȻǳͬˣֻǲ֪ܲüԮˡ
СҲΪͬĵ˵ͷнľƣһסһ˵ͱı˶ãֻͻȻˣԼȻнΪܲȸƼ»ҲǺ˵ġ
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С׵˵ͷҲûʲô⣬ȴֻˡ
߰ɣ滹ûħŵǰܹȻõġ˵ţһҶüһ̨֮Уɽ㳯ϷȥС׼״Ҳĸ
ǿҪɳʱ򣬺Ȼ·ٴδ춯صħڣħţսħţۣħžȻֶԸССһԴɣǿϷ򰡣ǰ֪ͨԴɵȫľˣɴ˿ӦԴ֮صԼˡ֮Уǿɾľ֣Ҳ˵Ƿڵ֮Уһȴһ˿ߵζɼԴΣճ̶ȡ
ǰЦȻ𣺡ϹҲզħͬʱ֣ѾעˡûҪССԴɳ֣ƥﻳ˭Ƿôһ⻹̣˾Թǳ
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һҪͷȫСζȴ˼Ȼľİãæͷһ飬Žͷ룬һ˿ȴҲȥˡ
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ط̤ѩ޺ۣ
С׵ĻһһصĸоڶϣƺԼоԼĴڡ
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ڴʱ˵˵ڵڶ֮Уȴ̫˵ʲôƺڶ˽ŴʮֳԾ


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СһǶһⷬдͷʰԼϵ·һأҲŪЩˡ
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ƣÿڲţħҲԲð벽ħŵչɱ⣬⣬پ٣ҪαһϹ
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ŭɽţӣΪĳ㲻ɣ˵ţ൱ײ
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һվſڣǼֵǺ˼ɵĸҲȻСͷת֮˺ܶණʱ뷨Щ뷨ܲʵʩҲҪ˴ǷԻųȥ
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СףзƷطһҲħŵһۣæʵ
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һУһϷŪĸãһ³һѪһ״ȥæλѣԴɵӣ汻ħռ죬ǧƵķڱѹΣȥ˿ɾͱħŶ
ֳʮӺһħʿڽ֣һƺԶ٣һħʿȻһԱݲ˵һڱǧƵķôһ˵ʱħ߶ˡ
ħλʦֵ֣ܿӪԴɵѣôһȻûһἰڶ෨һ˵ϲ¶֮ɫ
ħйͬ⣬óƸָ֮ħóаŹ൱һʮͬʱ֣ħʿﻹסһ˷ɻң֮쾧ɳħѪ൱ĽһĴڡ
λʦʦԴػ˵صĵӣż֮нأʮϤҴ·ֻλʦʦ汾ű𰡣һһߵְݼʮ𵤵ӡ
Щ⻰˲佻һ˹һҵˣ֮ͬˣȻʦֶԴɵӣͬȥħˣҶɳº裬㻽һʦˡֻжħŵӣεΪӹģ
һͨ죬Ѫһ㣬һʦ壬ٵĽԼڱڹ֮УöԷмһٵ˵һ飬ǽʮħڵӵ˵һ˵
һһǳºɫǻ˺ܶ࣬ͷһ㼤ȴΪϲæ˷Ԯźţһһ汼ȥ
ľҲʮأȻΪʮ㣬ȴʮ·ÿ·֮ϰȻѣȴҲ鷳ʶһܹһ·˶һ·ȥųȥһҲˣڶ̶ʱ֮ڳ㣬õ˺üϺ÷
һᳵ·һֱӳȥĻʣȴǲУĲķɲͬˣЩɵӶЩۺ졣
һǾָŵĴţλʦ壬棬汻˴ˣħ˶ȻӶĺö
⻰Ӷʱۺ첱ӴˡҪ֪ĲķȻһƷʿҲܹһƷۻѵĲϻǾƼʶÿһ˵ʮֱĴڡĲˣΣβƴ֮
λʦֵܣҳȥ˾ͽʦϾͻģҪħķȥˡһºλ൱Ӻ
⻰ͷһ󰲣Ҳжħŵӱ㳯ŷȥƺν˾ͽʦʲôʮ˲һ㡣
º赹Ϊأһ󣬸Ըһųȥ
֮УЩħŵڽӴƵʱ򣬱ӷӵ룬ʱͣһӶ
ɨһܣһЩûټɼķЩħŵҲûеֶ١
ħˣֵı⣬ȥ򶨽촦ǰĵǰһͬͷĿһ㣬һȺħʿȵ


һ 
֮ʱ㱦֮УħʿʮʮˣⱻΧɱһһС͵Ϯڳʽ΢ĸı䡣
ĻˣֵǣǸƴˣħ֮ибŭ֮ˣӶɭӴӹ
ħ˫Ʋɢ޻Ǽɻпɣ֮ȴǼңֻΪԴˡ˫˵һ¹أǵԵһȺϳⱦ֮УϰټƷϼѵķ˭˶̲סҪġνΪΪʳΪ˵õϼѵķǵĵģ
ħӳﻹ̵סʶЩﶼһֵģҲǵ˽Ͷ̶Է˱ﻹơħӱԾ͸ӷΪ˴ﵽĿֶΣ˫ʱ뷨ǽԷɱȻõ
ʦֶ˼̫ңԱǵȥţ˺ǳº赹ΪչһûǰȰ˵һȥ
һϵĵ˵ͷӷ϶ȥˣĺȻ춯̾ƴȥҲ֪ҪķѶʱ䡣
Χһѡ˼Ϻõķʩչƽ֮Ĳ֮һûжֹһ֣žԭĲķƹȻ̫࣬һʱȫ㹻ȡ
ķãһƳƻСĵ˳ԮʴˣһʱҲֻȡٶǰħŵУҪԾ°Ͷǿħڣеڶ󾳽ڣһҲҪһʱ䡣һǱٹʿȴܿٴ򿪡ƽ֮ǿʺĲġˣҲֻмȡˡ
һʱ䣬¡ϣɼħ˫һžƽ֮ϣҲȡȡĻʱ䣬һÿһȡ뻳УСˡҪȡھżʱ򣬱ƿ֮ɫһ䣬æصֳһȻǱ֮еġ⵹һӣ뱦ȡǲɵ顣
һ·һֱĲ㣬ƺ෨ȴˡһ£һȻ֮ɫϢȴɡһǻɫۣһɱ֮ɫϹĶŨɱ⣬ƺ֮ûʲôɱ
Ϲݣɱ¾ҲˣҪɱң㻹ǻȥһ԰ɣǰ곤һָǻ
ǻһм˾ͽˣͷնϲ֪ٻˣڴ˴󻰣Ҫɱαذ꣬ձԡ
˵ϻ˵ն֮ɱ¾ΣҲ֪ɱ˶˲ɣɱ¾֮ѵΪҪˣˮ׼ֶλ֮ﻹʲôôΪΪܰˣ
⻰ϹҲٶԣתͷһһֱۣһɫҪһնڽ¡
õǰӣ˾ͽһɽһӣһνɳֻ֮ҲǷǷο˾ͽڷɽն鱦֮Ī⣬νȻһ㣬һڱ㽫ǻɫ£嵽һǰɢȥ
һ˵ʱ˼Ϲݣ֪ʲôˣ˾ͽ˵֣Լ˴ǰĴɣܿˡ˾ͽӢĽ֮һڵ˫֮һħ꾹Ȼ˾ͽһûһ˿ƣȻͬһĴڣӦħ֮һһӣͷҲơνɱ¾ɱ˳ϹݱǴ˵֮еɱӡ
һϢһԣȻûҪˣȴû뵽ɱϹݾʹ˳ҪԼɱһɫȻоûһ˿ֿ֮ƺȫҪȥһ㡣ʱһת̨Ϊɬ˵ʲô鶯ģҲֻͷת䡣Ըħ֮ǰսԸⲻ֪ǺζĻɫȴûʲôһ㡣
ۼûɫɱνûȻνԶɢһɫȻͷĪޱȡǰűҶ֮ħ츣һ򾻵Ľ֮˲ĨɱһȴǿޱȵѹͻȻѹͷһ·˳ߵһİΪӢ˭ĸо˲
ɽɽ˰һ˲һͷ̾


һ ǿ
Դµӣ˾ͽ˿һһۣ˵
ʦ壬Դ£ʦ
˵ˣҶ֪ˣԺڵˣ˾ͽ˵ʮֵȻ֮ȴ˸еԲΥĸо
һһ㶣Դɸո군ԼȻͶ£ֱ˼飬˼㽵ٵͷϡ
˾ͽʦ壬⡭һվǿ˿ڣڴ˲ס
ѵԸͶڣ˾ͽɵȻһȴһ˿ɱ⣬ƺֻҪԼ˵һ֣ͻǰν֮¡
ߣȻЩαӣȻֶαȱ˼룬ã·˽֪˲мСӣǲԸ˵бڴˣҪɱҲǲеġϹҲΨ²ң
⻰һǲɵó鶯ǰԼҪɱ˵ľʱ˵ҪԼҲħ¾ԶΪû̫·أҪɱ˱ɱˣҪ˱ˣԲħǰɱӵϹȻħ⾳
ȻȻϹ˵ˣҲʵһȴǲ˿ŵģϾħģԼˡǴ˴αˣǾȻȥΣǻ͸ɲԼˡ
лϹӺ⣬뻹˾ͽʦ˵ǿˣһҲ˿иϾԼһᱣסԼ
⻰ϹҲ˵ʲôֻתͷЦЦĿ˾ͽˣƺҲҪθͷ
˾ͽƺҲ˼ɣһɵ˵ֻǰλʦ褣ҪҵȱԴɵӰˡ
ϹݹһԴЦݣһҲⲻдʰˣվԷһͣԼҲǿʲô֪ǿǿߵĵߣԼǿͲҪսǵߣ֮
Ȼ˾ͽʦ˵ǵӱӦˣڵһݼ˾ͽʦ壡һҲ˿Σֱȥ
һôĶǰԺ翹ϹݲһһȴǸ˼֡ΪһظҵСӣû뵽ȻʶʱյǰһҲΪۣڰɡˣĻƣԺгɣȻһԶԸ뵽˴Ϲȴûһǰûʩչһɱа촽ǿһһ㡣
һĿ⿴òӣһ˿ͷ𡣲һͬʱֻ˾ͽ˶ϹϹݣΪɱӵǰʹãڿʼڵˣ붯һëͱ˾ͽ˲ˡ
⻰Ϲʼǰһȱ˵ֶԸԷԪӤһµĵӣȻѾ£Ȼ˵ʲô
ԼΣգһæֵ˾ͽʦ壬λʦħ˶֪
˾ͽ˵˵ͷɫҲ֮ǰ˲٣һߣ㳯ȥϹҲ˿ͣȥһ״֪Լٲ̱ˣű㡣
֮Уħ˫ڶʵҲû̫˫ûг״ֻǼ˽룬׷ͣ
˾ͽʦ֣ȳȥæ˾ͽǰ
˼ֻ֪ŸλʦĽǲν
⻰ǵҲ˵ʲôֻóǣվһߡ
ʦֶӵ˾ͽʦˣûܵʲô˺ɣºһǰСʵ
лʦģû¡º裬һҲΪмϾƽ޹ʱܵƴ
ԬɣʦֶѾڣʱϣԲʧ
⣡Ԭɵڵһ㶣ֵʦˡ˵űߵһǰɻĿһһۣӲĵȻ˾ͽʦֽ㽻ң͸Һˡ
һ֮еһ˿мҲ֮æЦһǡǳºɫ΢΢仯̾һصһȥˡ
һĻһ۵ף˼һתʱЩƺԼڴʱǼ򵥵Լô򵥣ƺ˼еʲô˼Ͳö֪ˡ
ħһҲˣϹݳ潫ѹ˶ֻ֣Ǿĵţʧ˵λֵĽ
һ㣬㣬һʱ֮һǿѹ˹ߵǿޱȵϢһ߽ţţӣȡʤ㲻ʲô¡


һ Ӣ
Ϲ֮Դһ˿ǱƺǳЩ
ϹҪ˵ˣǵ߰ɣĶǵһ룬Ҳǲˡ˹
һսˬ죬ţӣǣ´λлսսħҲĴ
ħˣ̾ӣҽճɻҽŭɽ˵ĿԶԶĳħͷ׷ȥ
ŭɽѣվˣ˰ɡڤȴǽˡ
ϹݹһЦûһԼҴ˰̵˼˻ֽйڶǰߣͷ˾ͽ˹ֵ֣һսУټȻȡͷϴɾ˵Űɣ
⻰ڼߵıҪȥȴǱ˾ͽֵ̧˵ټϹݣűˡ
⻰ϹݹЦǻһɳ㣬ȥ
ʦ֣ȥôԬɲʵ
ôѵҪȥɱʹ죿ɱӵֶܹԸģ˵˾ͽڲһۣվԭأǵʲô
ɱӣ⻰ԬɣӶһľˡӢĽӣȻǰĵģһǽ֮еľԪӤһܹ£һǳħҵ̳һһȺܹġ
ΣȴǲᣬһͲɫĽڲڶ֮УڷţϹȥʱöԷڿԼоޱȵѹ
ħȥһ֮һϵһԪڵһˣӴԴɵһԴַϡ
⻰˾ͽ˿һһۣ󿪿ڵڵǰȥϣ˵űݽȥԬɵסһȻԴһһҲȥ
ڽ֮Уһͷ˿ԽԽԶľͷƺʲôҪĶ棬ϸʲôȴˡ
ǰԬɣԼԷеӣһһ֪˴ֻ֮Ǻ鵽ôչȴҲɲԼơɼĸо˵ܣҲ֪Լʵ̫ˡ
ȻٶԶǱٹڿɱȣʮϢصԴɽţ˵ԴַԭôɵԴɣɽھȻ˷棬һ̹˥ܵľ֮лҫ⣬֮ŵĳ̿ζһӿζеײӵʲôһҲԸȥ롣
ƷһưôǶ£䵽Щ֮У¡һ˱ΪˮʪȻ⡣
⾡֮ˮͣɢȥ֣ÿ֮ŵζɢֻøOO@@촫ȻԴַϣЩк֮УԿɼٶľ̲
ǰȥ磬˶ʱˣʲôȻдְͨ߳ˣʲôˣ˵Ȼλ֡ǽ󾳽磬ı
˼֮£֮£дǣȥҲһԽԽԶʧɼȥˡ
ЩΪﵽ𵤵ĵɻʱ򣬺ĸӰַϣһŮеĲϵŮӣԶԶȥȻлԻɵֱŮһ㡣
˼ˣ׷װݼǳǳɼ˾Ĵɵ֮ˡһҲŰȥͬĸӦһ˵ϢƺǰλǰǿңҲԼĴˡ
ҲֻǵոʲôƬ֮Ϊһϵ˿ںǺһЦǾһﴫЩŵӶУһȲдԴɵȴûһ䡣ϣλҲƮȻȥֻµڶֻЩдԴɵΧܿΧŵӣΨһ˾ͽһǿߣ𵤵ȴǲǰЩԪӤǰƺǷŲӹ
Ƭ֮һѩ׵ӰƮ˹䵽һǰǶüʩǻҲԱ⡣һŮ֮УС׻֮£Ʒơѩһϡ
Сü˾ͽʦ֣Ů˾ͽʩһ򸣡
˾ͽ˼״ȻɫҲһ䣬ڵʦ貨̳ͬӢĽ֮еĻӢӣȴǲض񡣡


һ 
軨һͷһӢӼ軨ӢĽ֮һ貨ŵӣ˴貨Ҳ棬ǰŮһƽ̺ڳ˶ŮߣӦ貨ˡû뵽˴֮£ħ뼯̳Ҳ˲٣һӢĽ֮ұˣһСˣֻǲ֪ѩͺƷǷˡ
һ룬λ̳֪һ棬ȴЩͬĸоӶ֮ɢ
˾ͽʦ˵ﻰСóδãֻǵ˴θλʦʦ㲢ɷСˡ
ʦùǫˣĲ˵ʦõĲ׺鱦֮ʦʹնҲδܹƷд֣ʦüڲ֮أ̸ɷ֮ԡ˾ͽ赭дĲأԷֶθ¶
⻰軨Ҳûһֶα¶Ĳ΢΢һЦʦնʦǲ׺鲻Է֮ˣ渨֮ʦᲢ۵ġֻ˵˴ħ֮еˣСδ֪ʦֿ
˾ͽ˵˵ͷħʦǲǵĲأҵħڵɱϹݡ
軨һɱϹݣǿħ̳֮һȻѷ鹫ӺƷƣɱȴʮǿһɱ¾뻯֪ʦ֮Σ
軨⻰Ѿп̽˾ͽʵɣǷƽУд֮ӣڶ̸ȴ٩٩ɼ̳֮䣬û̫ܣ˴˶ʮϤˡ
˾ͽüͷ΢壬ɱӲɱӣħһɱ˫һɱ¾ʮǿ֮棬һûжһֱȥʤӦ֮
軨΢΢һ㣬ǶԴҲв²⡣˶ǲͬħԼӢ۶ƫġӣڵȻΪԼʦָǿң൱ҲΪҥʱ˾ͽ׿˵⻰ǲ˶Է
ȴ˵ЩһУһѩͺƷȻȴûжʩչʵֶΣϹݣ˾ͽ˵ʵȴǲˡ֮ǿ޷ܵʵԲԼֿܹġŮ棬Լʩչ˸ֶΣȻܹڣɵʮˡ
Ƭ֮Ǽ軨ٴοڵ˴ǰСûмħӣȴǼʦ㡣
ѩҲˣôӰ˾ͽæʵͬʱһҲ뵽
軨һЦȻ紫˵
˾ͽüͷһһҪתͷȥ
˾ͽʦּ£Сȷʵʦ㣬Ҳй̸Ϊʦ£ʶҴҶˡ軨æЦ
£˾ͽüͷ΢
軨˵ͷʦҲûжᣬƺ׷ħ鹫ӺƷƣ֮ǰ˵ǶԹȴҪֵˡ
Ʒƣ˾ͽ˵ţȻȭͷںʲôһ㡣
軨һЦʦַľˣƷȻʦ罣ʦն鱦֮еĽħŴܳҲʲôġ
˾ͽԳĬˣǼ軨ƣߵһǰЦЦĿλСԴɵӣ
һ֪ǰŮʲôˣæĹֵӰݼʦ塣
軨΢΢һЦֱ¶ˮһĶɳ䳯һһ¶ˮûڣһܰžΪĺʹѸټ٣ǵ֮еҲٻظ
֪⻨¶Ǻöһæллʦ塣
軨΢΢һЦضԴɱɣ˽ȴ̾ϢҵΪɣȻԴɵҲӦģֻСʲôô
һȻ⻰˼ƺЩ֣δҲãֻÿڵͷʦѶӡ
ûһ˵꣬軨ҡҡͷ˵貨ţȻ㲻һҲǴŴɣŮĶ࣬ȴӼ룬֪С⣿
һһ㶣ɫȻ䣬ͷȴЩ仯һΪԵĵܹϼѣųɣԼҵ黹ԼٹڵΪֻ̳¼Щˡ
һҲ֪ʱǽͷãȻӦ˾ͽڣٲ㿪ڴӦ貨ţϾֻ󵽣Ǽ軨Ҳ˵ʲôԼڽ貨ţ¾ĵ˾ͽˡ
һҪڻؾʱһɫԳӰѩ˭ˡ


һ Ϸִ
ѩ½Ҷŵǰ֪ͨ飬бһһ·ĳº衣˽֮ʱºǿһƺ˵ʲô֮йصһ㡣
ѩ˵ͷ㳯˹Ǽ軨æӭȥ˾ͽɫмֹվԭأûȥ˼
ֻǼ軨ǰһ򸣵ʦˣ˴ҵɳһԪڳһλʦ漶⣬ûмӴĪʦֺͷʦûг棬ҵɣÿһҲͳһλʦٲɵˡ
ŮͬӢ֮У˽ҲƣѩҲһףչһ˿Цյ׷鹫ӺƷȥˣû뼧ʦúȴǶԲסˡ
Ŷ֪ʦǺƷƣ軨æʵæ쳤˲
ѩҡҡͷƷ֮һħ˿籣Ҳվûһε֣˴Ҳˡ˵һ˿͸ȻںƷôһҲΪ
״軨æȰʦǺƷȻԹҲ̫ģħŽƻС˼Ʋǡ
ѩԽϢһҡͷԹʲôĶ޹أֻǽŴ񣬻ܷŹҲ㲻ˣԲе罣
⻰軨ûʲô̫Ӧ˾ͽɫѿ˼֡һ˶ȻʲôԹʲôЩͷԡ
뼧軨˵˼䣬ѩֱߵһǰϵɫҪº˼֣ˣ
̶̼ܹ֮ΣȷʵԵˣһͷ̾뷨Ȼ˵ֻùֵһʦ壬γʦչˣĻм
ʦ壡ѩҲû뵽һα㻻˳ƺָܿܶҲԵ֣Ҳ£ȴҲܴҶţҲ˽ѵ˵£û뵽㻹ԴɡҲ;ⶣƷħŮħ١
⻰˾ͽ˺ͼ軨ҲЩԾһȻЩôԲ˱ȴǲ֪һȻ˷ḻӢ֮һѩЩϵħŵ鹫ӺƷƣĻΪȾǵҲˣѹҪ̾ˡ
ѩĻһҲͷЦʵˡ˵֮·̹;ΣȷʵǳԱġ
վܹҲδˣռȻٴμ棬Ե֮²ˣȥҶΣѩ˳µĽ⻰˵˳ȴ˿˼뷨
ǰ軨һһͷҲ˵ף⻰ҲԾֻǴʱǰ軨ͬˡѩԼΪԵǶȣǲӦ¾棬Ӧ͵˾ͽˣʱһǰˡ
ףʦ㣬ôСأССȷֵİ軨ҲǰȻ˵磬ϵЦ⣬һ˿ĸо
ѩЦЦ˵ʦõ貨ŲǹŮӣӴôΪνվͿ
軨ѩ֮еĵЦǱǹнһ㣬ο֮ҲŮ֮˵˼ɵİͷЦʦ˵أ貨žŮ̫̫࣬٣ǲЩжܻ㣬ʦͽС貨Σʦôȥʥͱ̺
⻰ѩվƼ軨ܹŵÿֻҡҡͷ˵һ˫ֻһҪմ𸴡
ڴʱһȴһֱվһԲ˵˾ͽ˿ڵλʦã类ҿУѾ£ΪڵӣȴǲܸͶˡ
⻰軨¶һ˿ɨ˵飬ѩֻü΢壬չ˵ͷһȻѾͶڣҲãоˡٲ˵ֱȥصҶŵ֮ȥˡ
軨ҲȤ˾ͽ˵һٻᣬһΪһһۣƵĵطȥˡ
סȻڣǱ⣬Ǳڵӡ˾ͽ˺Ȼڵ
һԵ˵ͷ֪ڸԼԤ룬æ˾ͽʦģӼȻͶ뱾ڣ޶ġ
ĵĻ˾ͽ˳˵˵ͷҲûʾֻǾվԭأڵǰȥЩԭԴɵӡԼԼһУȻЩϷִһ


һİ Ѫ֮
Դ֮ĵգһһɵȥ֮ͬУڶʿ⣬ԪӤʿĳԪӤʿųһҷɿմ֮һ㱻һ˴УǱһס¡
ֻԬɵһЩ֮£һ֪Ҵ󴬾ȻһƷͨ¥Ȼûʲôͷسٶȼ죬Ǵ֮ӵϼѱȴɣķҲǲġ˴ڶӣҲųʹá
Լ֮УһܹоⷿĿͷ˵ԼԴ֮еķһ޶󷨽ƣһĸ䣬˲ܹԼΪ
ӻнСͳ⻪һ㻯Ρ֮ʵֻҪǻι󶼻ۣȻϲεģοСò
û뵽㾹Ȼֻڣ治֪㵽ûСȻڻУ⼸յ鶼ΪʱҲ̾
һҲһ֪ϲǱЦ֮ǰûľ֮£Ҳûеõôϼѷܹڣ֮ŵһĴڣȻҪԴŵӺʮ
ǡǡһõڶ෨ħƤӵĵֵģǼùĴڡһ¶Լѽͣյĳʹڶֻӵ£˵С׳֣رҶ֮ܶãҲûİաһ˵ȴǲڸӺá
Ǽ뻹ǲ룬ʱһܹѡˡ˴ﻹ·ֻһһˡ
СףطڲطϢ˸оȥɣﻹЩܹʹûףӦûЩġ
Ƭ֮С׿ڵطеģҲ㲻طЩħ֮ȴ̫壬ֻǺķԪˡ
ùȻطһͷϲϾһĳ̶Ȼͬʱһо̶ѨһĴڡ
Ԫ˵ܹʹãұˡ
С׵˵ͷ㽫ط˵һһֽкãͽС״ˡԴɵؽɵڣȻ¥Ŀ٣Ҫķʮʱ䡣ȻһҲ¼ԼͻֻǣΪħźĴ˿ٱ˹ڼʶޣβ²Ҳ벻͸ֻܹײβļֻ֪֡ǣʵýơ
¥ϵʮգһҲ˷ѣ㿪ʼϤǻѪطҪ˵ѪѪԪι÷Ϣϣ˴ﵽڸϢĿġȻطֻˣħ֮ȴҲǴֻ̫֮ѰʿʩչʹڸϢǴСˡһҲطǷдãֻҪþǡ
һգһϰ˼ѪַҲΪ׼ˣʽҪƣŶľϣƽ˫ϥ֮䡣С׳ֽסҲ±淢֣ʹ󵨵
һҧ⣬һѪżɺ˳䵽ϣʱǱ׹⻪ҫѸȾһѪ⡣һѪҲԾһⷨʼЩ裬һһصĴѪ֮УһٶԽԽ죬ַԽԽ˳ҲԽԽͬʱ¶һЦݡ
Цݲûг̫ã㻯һ˿ɬ˭֪Ѫ֮һת˰ʱûнһֻԼﶼҪĿˣ󱳶ˮʪһһΡڲ֪˶ʱ֮ѪŽ뱦֮УͬʱЩӡҲûСһȴǱϷ˱仯
һǳǳĺӡǳڱŴǱнƵĺġ֣Ҳ˵һѪ֮ɹˡ
һһȻڴϣ̾Ѫ֮治õģһξͲ㽫եˣǶΣ±׻ûɣҾ͵ˡ
СǰУϸϸһŵﲻƷû˵ӡǣѪ֮Ҳ̫ģһܹ֣ǿܹ̽⣬ѾǲˣֻҪԪӤһ̽飬ҪɣҲǻҪŴҡȻ΢һ㣬Ϊ˵ȴҲȽΪѡ
һԲɵô󷭰ۣԼ𵤵ΪȻ򵥵ˡηʱʱ򣬺Ȼ̨֮һ
СףٲãҪ˷ˣһһ˫һգ


һľ 
һ̨֮Уһ˿𶯼̨ı仯Ǳ𵱳뿪ڶҪǿ࣬ƣҲԸĴ󵨵仯
ʱ̨֮֮ǰûʲôһҪ˵һģҲֻи̨ϿյıҶЩһһɹ籡֮ǰǿ˽ʮ
ܿƵӿ̨֮УﵽԭʮķⶼԵԣʱҪȼһطһ㡣
Ⱦһͷкã֪޷𼴽ٽһǰףҲڴɵǰסŷڿڵʱ򣬵ȼһط⣬ǳڣȼڶأǱڣȼزǴɡֻѰĴ֮ͻ޷һ֮һۻ⣬һֱط⣬ȻͻҲǿԵġͻ֮һﵽۺĻԺͬһ֮ϣ˵ʮпܵġ
ȻطĿ꣬һҪľǽطȼﵽɡطѭٲϾԺһʩչ⽵ħ֮ʱ㲻̫ʳŹˡ
ط⣬һҪȼ䣬ҷ⣡
طȻеȼ֮ƣеȼҲ֪Ҫʱ䣬һȻԸ̨֮䡷
˴ξǿأɱƾ⣬ħ츣һ׮׮һûһ˸˵ڱٹڵʱܹȫһˣĥǿ飬ǶĻۡʱʱ
䡷Ļһķɵ̨Ͽգҫ̨ʹķʱ͵ıͬһһ
Ҷһ֮һһҶ֮жʱԳһɫӰооŸ൱ʵС׵ĺӰ⣬һ츣߸ȴģģֻɫȱƺкĳħʲôֻһͱҶȻģ
ӰԳһǱ֮ǰǿʮĳ֮УΪľŵһӳ֮Уʱ÷⻪Ҳʮٶ
գ̨һش󳹣ششɣ
һ̨һ³̨֮еŲͬˮһ㳯Ծطӿȥ
˵طǻͣӿУβʢűҪص룬ʱط𣬽̨СͬʱԼԼһС̨ȼһ״֪Ǿǵط⣬ʱǹؼʱֻҪطⱣסľĻֻۣҪ˾һһصķ⡣
䣬⣡
һͷһƮʱֱط֮УһööǵطС֮Сÿһö֮һɫöַ룬ʱС羡Ϊ𣬽ԣǰѾûˡ
ãѳɣǰĻôöҾطˡһĿŷ֮еĹ棬Ļϲ
ʱ򣬺ȻӰ̨֮У͵ı㳯Ҷ֮дȥƬ֮ʵӰ֣಻ͬȴһ㣬ڵأŲ֪ľġʱҶ֮ͳࡣ
һȻ֪ʲôԵɣ֪Ǻ£һɹǵطԿɼٶ
һ磬磬硭һߣߣߡһɣɣɣǷﵽʮɸ£ȻȲԭ⣬ȴҲ˲ʹ
ãããһãҪȥȴǱҶ֮еȪӿһ˼һת˼
ͷһطֿµķⱻ㣬㹻طȴֳܵɣ͵Ĺעȥ
ɽ䣬ݷ⣡
һ䣬ط֧֣Ȼס䡷ҫƬ֮󣬱ֱӳط֮Сۣۡɫڷ֮СԭһҰĲСȻҪıҶһط
ܲ˵һҰĲȴЩִ硣ѰŹ򣬽ԣȴԼѧ⹦ǰҪľǿĻֻۣҪﵽˣͱƴֽǼ򵥵顣
ҶƺΪŹڵģ˱Ҷ°빦ûбҶǵõ˴˹ҪҲǧѡ֮ǰЩҶ֮һԲ׽ô𵤼Ĵڣĳֽ׶ҲǳȴľǱʹðˡ


һ 
̨֮УžĲ֪˶ʱ䣬Ҷ֮гҲ糣˿ǵط⣬ʮɸ߶ȣ˲֮ƣ˲⡣
һȼط⣬һ֪ʱĻѾľ΢΢һЦ̨֮˳ƤһȴȽĿСԽı顣
Сףʲôôһʵ
С׼һɫһܿٽһ㵹Ǻãһľ֪ϾҪˣٲҿδá
һڨڨһЦ֮ǰûǹʱ⣬һȷʵʱȣµȼطѾȹ̣Լϳʱɾ鷳ˡ
СףˣڼûְɣһСʵȻСޣԸġ
С׼һһǰյԬ㣬ƭ˹ȥӦû飬ֻٲˡ
ҪлˣȻ쵽ˣҲɣ
Сһʹȥ㻯С׺һУͬʱ츣֮еöĻѾ͵̨ȥˣҿû˽̡
⻰һʱ֪ǰͻȻԵɵģͷһѪԾӶСһ˿ĸоǸмȴꡣ
΢΢һЦЩԺһҲ׽СףֻԼ봢֮УԴɵʱеԼɨӹˣڣԼΪʽӣȻܵȴˡ
һʱ򣬱ſȥԬ˭ˡ
Ԭʦ壡һĻ
ԬɵһĿһ˵ͷ߰ɣϾҪˣΪŵҲÿɽʲôӣҵװȥɡ
һԲЩ֣ǻصɽŰˣԶԴǿ˶ٱҲڷǵÿһɽʲôģɡȻ˼һҲǸ̰ˣһĸųȥ
װϣһԬɵָ㣬һΡޱȵĸɽȥɽϲ˰ѩвżһЩֲֻ²żõдɽ룬ֻһۿȥȴκνҲûκ̵ļ
Ԭʦ壬⣬ڵɽŵһɻ
Ԭ澴ĿΡĸɽָһָһȥûκζ
Ԭʦ壬ѵɽôһ˿ǲɽ۵
ԬǲŹһЦʦ˵㾫ǹһأ
һԸԻˣæʵʦ壬˵һǣ
ԬЦ˰βͣˣˣˣɽžɽУɽۣɽ£ɽУ
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ԬɹһЦɽУһûв³ǵڶܲ³ô֪ɽʲôô
ǰ𺳣һոˣһ仰ǻǰɽЩ˵£һĿԬɣڣڣԬʦ壬ⶴ֣ѵֻǴС츣ء֮˵Ķ졣
ԬɵЦȴȻֹԾĿһȻ˿ˣһû˴һվû˭
ˣˣû뵽ɶ˴£˾ͽʦ˵ĹȻȻ˵Ժִɾ͡
һͷһ£˶ֱʸеԾ⣬Ƕ˾ͽ˶Լ۳Ծ˾ͽ̳ײ佱ˣǿ佱Բ޵ķʸȿ佱е˿ǹе˵ȴһЩС⡣һŵӣõȿ佱ӻв
ˣ˾ͽʲô⣬ֻҪǿʵˡһͷ⣬ͷȻࡣ
ԭֻ֪ڵĴ֪֮һ¶ɣȴֱʣ̾һ˿εļͷĸ̾˵˳ЩԭڵĵӲĵ˵ͷЩԭԴҲΪпĿһС
СģϾҪ붴죡һͨ¥ʿ
⻰һ䣬ǰһƬ֮ɫһޱȵسǻɫ֮УǻֺޱȵĽȺԭԴɵУͷɵԭԴһԱȣŷ֣ԼԭԺڣڱ˿ǼһĴڡ
ڣڣԴض㲻ϣȴǶ֮нš֮ԣԴ֮ḻѹܳΪ֮һˡ


һһ ɽ
һԭԴɵӵľЩڵο֮Уͨ¥ʻǶ档ͨĹУԴɵӣԭڵӶ˭ǰһεѹ޷ſڡ
⵽ʲôһԾĸĪֻޱȵļӲȴޱȵĴҪ˵ӲƺûʲôܹܵиҪ˵ͷ·һ㴰ֽһ㣬һͱƣıʲôȴˡ
ѵС˵Ŀռ֮Ҫӽ˾ſʩչһеױȣܿȻˡСȻԴļ䲢̫࣬ľһľϵ飬ȴԼ˽ִɵʵǿԵõɽ٣ڶྫӢȥĴڣִ֮УȻнӽ˵ˣ˵ñЩ˾ˡ
ˣˣڵɶ󾳽磬ŸΣľȴʮ㹬˿˵ĴˡһȻͨ˴˽ڣг֮⣬һ˿ζƺΪԼǻѾǿܹ̽ɴ֮ĲɴĴڡ
ռ֮ʧ˵Լ˳ǿռ֮ڵĵطһ˿ŨޱȵЮһ˿׽ϢһһȴǾõ֮оĻûȫָȻһ˿
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Ԭʦ֣֪ⶴǺ֣ж󣿡һĶԬɵ
ԬɴȻçײΪҲΪֱˬȻһʮͬǰһȴ˾ͽ˵˵˼֡Ҳͬһһͻ˲٣棬Խʦ壬ص棬͵ýʦˡ֪֮ҲڱŶ컽ɽ죬Ա󵽵׼ʦҲδʶֻ֪˵Բأ
ԲһӶҪ뵱̩ǷԲǧĹȰˣԼвС֮棬ʱôһ죬ȴķԲٱ̩ĴС
ֻ֮ǰкµʦֵܲˣǵ˶켫ˣ׼׼Ͳ˵ˡԬƺһԾǻϲȴû̫ȡЦ˼
ʦ֣ⶴ˹ѵֻбŵӾסôһæʵ
ԬҡҡͷҲɽȻǱפأȴз׹ȣȻģȲ磬ȴҲ·˼ֻбһɣǷΣţΪǹһ衣ǳڶ֮ȴǱ滹ҪǿʵļҪ󣬱ϵĵӶǴ˼ˣһʮִıˡ
Ԭ˵ţƺʲôˬüʦСģ˼˶̫԰Գϼѣ㿴ˣȴ֪ΪΣ˼˴ɾ͵ȴǲࡣڵ֮УǳŻ㲻Ҫ׵Ǿˡ
һ˼֮ɽڵĵ̣ڻзˡЩ˲ô򵥣ƺǱŵһ㡣Σ۽绹̫СܿԬѵ飬Ҳס˵ĵطннҲνĵͷߡЩ֮еѡĵӱνĵͷˡ
ʦ̵ֽʦܽģлʦˣһҲĸ˳ƺл
Ԭƺû˿ʦô˳ˣһЦһļʦϼѣ˵ýܹ˾ͽʦдɾء
һǫЦһЦи̾ĵʦҾɵ·ߵþһ㣬ߵԶһˡ
ʦܻǫѷ֮ģľˣ˱ȻԴɺʮٱ֮·ȻġԬ뵽ʲô˵ʲô
һ΢΢һЦԴɵĸ鶼ĥ֮ˣµɣȻǴڣĹȴĪٵĿȻ֮ͷôΪԺĵӣǲ˵һġ
ʦܣǰǱɽɽ䣬ڶСԬԺָһƬɽͿڵ
һѯһȴ¥֮дڵ´һ䣬Ǿ޴¥ȻС


һ ɽ
˶űٹϵΪȻ׾ٵ¥ϡڶڵĵӷɵǰĻֺ뽨Ⱥǰ̧ͷȥ߿ʮɵľƷϣд֡ڡ
ԬָָƷǱŵפˣһƬֻǸµӣΪҵȷסģΪŵӣס
⻰һһЩֺĽȻֻǸµӺνʹãڱڵӵסεסǼֱˡ
ʦ֣֪С֮µӻڵӣһڵĹɣŴʵ
⻰Ԭһļʦܲصģ˵µӶǱٹڣбٹڶµӣʦ㣬Ϊ׵ˣȻǱڵӡ˵õʱгأ
ףһ⻰˵һ㶣æʵʦ֣˻
Ԭһ㶣ҡҡͷ⻰Ҹýģʦܸ֪ʱʦȻ֪ˣôپˡ
⻰һЩ뷨Լ鲻ͶڣֱΪдףֻ˵ԼͶڴ˺ôɡԴɵӵ龰ͷȻ˼֣ʵȴ֤
ԭӴţһ˺˼ɵȺȥһ಻ɽɽеĸɽ壬ɽҲɵмɽΪף俪ȥ
ʦ֣ǣһæָָЩعɽ
ԬɹһЦʦһ¿ǲ¶ˣʦн˵óһƿҩǿһҩζȻȰǿ
̵һһ뵽ԷʿҲȻˡ˿Զɽ²ʦ֣ɽ岻Ǳڰɣ
Ԭһ֮󣬽ƿһһƿҩʦˣ˵ĲȴҲȫԣӦ˵ɽǱҪפأΪɽǱŵפء
⻰һһһɽǰԲ⣬ɽپԾģɽһɵפأֱ̫ˡ
ɽɽɽҲŻɽɽڣԣɼŨʶʦѰɽ֮󣬱ｨ˱ɽšľӪ˽ⷬģ㿴ߵɽ壬ʵֻһ߶ȡ˵ţԬɳһգգۣҪһ²ˡ
ԭֻһɽ壬С˵޹ɽҲһͷһͷɽڵˣȴûܽɽˡڵ̷졯ȴڶҵҲͲ̫ΪˣӦֱʣɽ֮ɣһƽ˵ţͷľڲصĲ¶㡣
ʦܹȻмʶǰɽ֮ͬҲǱҫڣÿһɽľһλˣ˵ڿһλˡȴҫ˲ܱİ˵ţԬ϶͸ź⡣
ȻһҲ˵İɽ֮ȴû뵽ȻλˡԶ飬һҲ֪ˣһǧнûгһˣ˵ħȴڡ꣬Ȼλˣ࣬ϸռıҲǲˡѹܹ֮Уǿʢֻ֮һԪ֮£ħ
нǿ˵ȨȻŹԼҲǿߡΪĲͬλҲͲͬҲͲͬеȨȻͬٳһˣǱھͿɽ壬ΪˣڵķپָտɴˡԬ²ĳ
һ˵ͷȻνĵʲô˼ɽ֮Уǿ߲һеĸЩѰħɣ֮ܳΪɣĴ֧šԭԴɵʦһϾעԴɵ䵽ɣ߸ɴ֮
һԬɵĳͽ˵һ߿ǰɽƣͷ˼һ󸡶һ֮ɽ¡
һӽŵӴȥϴ°ã֮󶨶¡
⻰Ԭתͷһʦܣ߰ɣһһĵط˵Щջأ
һǰһɳȺֱӳһƬɽڷȥԶԶȥɽд֣ǡϴġ±ϻһѨʱڶѨ֮зɽɳ
ԬȽһͣԼɽɳüѨЦĽһ߰ɣǰһĵطҲ֪ĸܼӣ滹Щöأ


һ 
һԬɽһѨ֮СһУûһ֮еĻ谵ڰһ㡣Ѩһ㶼Եխʮֿ˲ж⡣ȥŸװΣԵЩûʡ
һʯҳһǰδȫЩֲ꣬ЩӣͮͮģǺÿζƮ
Ԭҿ˿һЦЩӵܣȻݳޣʲôĶ˵ˣݶҪˣҲգǱʦˡ
һһܣʦ֣ѵû˾סôô˵ǹˣ
Ԭҡҡͷ֮ǰ˵ģǹˡǰʦұ˵ڵӷΪۺͱڵӡ֪Ǻεȴڣ˽뱾ڣÿһһڣϴ¾Щеڵĵطϴϴģϴȥ鱾ģѰӶҪһġ˭Ҳ⣬𲻹ʱ䳤̰ˡ
һԵ˵ͷָΧûʵĻʦܹ⣬ֻѵɽΪҵȵӡϴġ֮ã
ԬɸɬһЦǰǸʦ˵ôŵӶǶ֮еЩӴ಻ǻʼӵܱʲôңһˣסùɽ˴³˹ΥŹ֮£Ҳǲ˵ģҲǲðˡǰһӣϴĲɣ߳ǽˣЩҲߣԱʦ㿩ʹþˡ
һɵÿЦǰһӾݻϴĲɣԬɾȻԼҲôطҲ֪ԬΪֱˬ̫ãԸԼɽҲǶԼչ˰ˡ
ԭˣʦлʦˣֻǲ֪ʦʲôʱܹϴġΪıڵأһڵ
⻰Ԭһ㶣ʦҲö֪ģѰӽ뱾ʽһɹͨʵ֮·ʽҲֻʱ䣬һڲˡʦ⣬˵þֱͨлΪ㰲һ³ʦҲ˵
һ⻰ͷЩԼܷŻ֮䡣
Ԭɽ⿴һȦϴµһЩ˵һ£ָЩݵһɫĹӣأȻȲõҩȴҲϼѵĻݣҩЧŷӶܹÿ̷öĻʦٶȶȻܹӿֻܶ࣬һ꣬ܳһöҲʤްɣʦܿɵúúŶ
һ˿ӣԬѡԵˣĵĵһлŽԬ˳ȥ
ٱ֮ʱԬɲڷɽϣһʦܣ¾ɽұˡ
һһ֪ˣԬɲȥ
ԬȥӰǸʵɽ壬һ̾˿ŽƷգŻصʯ֮С
һժһöŪһ׹ӻдܳСվһԡָһһöУһ㽫ȥ
ףֲǲҵԵζҪ֭ˮЩҪζ࣬츣ؾǲһֳݶҪô࣬ϧˡ
ϧʲô
ϧЩõطռȥֻռһЩɽˮȻҲ٣վԣȻ˵ҲǿʢءС׾׽˵
һڨڨһЦ֮飬û̫Ȥ壬ȻҪվСΪ壬ȻվͬȻһûʲô۵Ķ
ͬһöУƷζζŨһŸΪʲôԬɸԼѡûʵװʲôĶ˵ˣĵݻһñء
ȥժСǲƵֲϹŵʮöɫԼö͸ĹӣҲֻ
ðɣðɣԺ󶼹ˣһ̾
Сѵһ˿ЦݣһץЩ͸˵Уζһ㿴һ
С׿Щܲסˣһſڵôµô£ΪʲôĴҪԴɵӣ
СǣߵԼ˵飬õʱ
һǺһڣڨڨЦﻰһǻ۰ҷһ°ˣΪһô
Ȼ֪ɣȴԾϲľƨһƨԣԸܣħҲ˵ˣԼ
СҪ˵ȥʱ򣬺ϴһ󲨶Ȼˡ


һ ϴʮ
ⶴҵΪ䣬Ҳ棬Լо˲ʲô֣һҲûлС׻С׺
ڴ򿪽ƣһݵ˴һ㹰ֵФɽλʦܣʦУǹⲻȥ
һ˷òƺûڱڵӵƣ֪ԷӦԼһϴϡϴġĵˡ
ԭФʦ֣ʦһʦ֣֪ʦкôȻһûк֮ģееģϾز죬ҲûԷ˼
Фɽ״Ҳ£ֻǺǺһЦʦܼ£ʦ£ּϴϺȻ˺ЩסŹˣ˳λŵʦֵܽһҲ顣
һǺһЦ׶Է⣬֪Է㲻ǵͷһ࣬ȴҲϢ֮ͨԽύȴõæԷ˽СûΣƾФɽȴǿġ
˷ˣһȡЩ߹ԴɵʱģƽﲻǸС׳ˣȴܹдˡ˱һֱ˰ʱФɽŵȥˡ
СףɣѾˡ
һʹҫýС˳ֻӶһöȥҲںЩ׵ˮˡ
Ӧòô򵥣²֪߹˶ٸҵôһΪ˵ɣ
һȻ˴¼ԭԴɵӣܹĴڵʿΪߵģħصչˣĲ࣬Ϊ͵һ涼סҲòࡣҪ˵һ棬͵Ҳһ㣬ٹڵˡ
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ǰԼĵʱȻеõһЩѶϢҲԷԼҲ׳һЩϢ˫Ҳǳƽˡ
ˣҲǱȻģ˵˵ԴµĿɣ
С׽ȥſڵҪһ˳ҿ˴֮£ħıԴɣƷˡ
һһȻҲ뷨ħԼľ̵ϿɼŴ˴Ҳ֪ʱ䣬˶׼ԴɻΪԼʮأй¶ȥһһڱ˵ļ֮»֪ˡ
ľȻʮǰĴ̣ʱǸƼбȻ಻Ҫ˵˭ṵ֮̂ҲǾܵġԴж֮ģûж̵ʵǻɣûбĿܡС׼
һ˵ͷ˵ҲպԴɵʱʱյǡɣҲǲ뱻һˡȻҵȵ£ӱĴɲûʲôʵôֻηϵһλˡ
СԣۿһһۣһȻ㶼֪ˣʲô
һҡҡͷһ˼ƶ̣˼ƳȻСҲô룬ǰ˾Ųʮˣֻǲ֪ڻζԴЩӡ
С׼һľ࣬һЦԭҲ޷յ顣
һ̾һ±仯ˣǹϲ⣬ܹգֻһһԸ⽫ҵӿҲڵδɣֻҵȿ룬֮ͲҪҲˡ
Сԣ֮һƺͷҲɫɲģץһöȥ
ϴһЩס֮󣬺ָܿյƽһҲڶ֮һȹʮʱ䡣ʮûţѪ֮׸ΡԴӷﵽأ֮ľҲ˲٣ָٶҲĿ죬ֻҪָܹ¼ôҪμܹĴϱף±֪ˡ
⼸ʱǰФɽЩĵǰһ֮һϴºڵʽ˽˼֡
һգȻ˴ƣһ򿪿ȥȴһûĽʿǰĿһһۣ׸һϴϿԴʮ꣬һй涼Удˡ˵㲻ͷȥˡ
ʱһʮϴϷ˳ȥһֱָԶ߷壬ЩǵãԼǰ֮УﵽϵЩˡ


һ 
ǷĽ⣬һеĴ˵ʮ꣬һȻʮ궼Ļûκֵˣʮ꣬øʮ꣬⹱׻Щôġ
صУʱнʶϴµǰѯʣ֪֮һǹϲһм꣬ȥĵӣҫŵĹâҲ֪ĽǼʣФɽĹâ
ȥ֮һǴһ׷£ɽʮöʯһӦҩһӽܣȴ𵱳ԴŵӻҪһ˿ⶴ֮гȵԴ洫ӵĴˡ
ʲôģһͷһѣںʯҲǲ٣һӦҩȻЩôͷһƿ̵Ҳ̫ںЩһһıǱӣ㿴ЦСףһúúŬˣڣʵ֮·ħߣϴ¼ڵֶλ治أ
С׿ҲֻǵһԼ飬ҲȵѪޱȵǱûдﵽľ磬Ͳ֮ǰǰ㵭ָ꣬ΪˣͬҲ
һĻСҲǲץ˹˿׻һЩ㵹ãԱȴôģһʵ͵ļᶨòЩ
һһЦȴû˵ʲôϸӣĶ
϶ڽһܣ˵ǰһʦǬ˼𻯷֮ǰѰ˴˴죬һڵӽɽ𻯷ȥ֮УнܳߣڷλɵΪ뿪ɽʦΪ档Ҳλʦ˳ȴɽ֮ɽ⣬̫ɽŹɽɽǬɽҲΪʲôԬ˵ٳһλ˾ͻֵԵˡ
֮иἰڵӷΪϺ͵֡ԪӤ֮ΪϣԪӤ֮ΪӡԪӤڻ³ϣڻ³ϣ֮Ϊʦ棬ҲԴһսֵŭɽȴˡԪӤ֮£ΪһӣΪӣȻͬǵӣλʹȴǲ˺ܶ࣬𵤵ӿֱӰʦ³ϣ³£ӣȴֻܿλãԸ¼ӡȻǼӣҲҪûмǿ̫࣬ʦ··
ϴϵĵӣĳ̶ֳֻ׼ӣҪΪӣ֮ǰԬ˵ǰ㣬ǽڣͨʵ֮·ʵ滹ᵽħôһطֻҪܹﵽһҲԱ¼뱾ڡħʵ֮·ͬǿ飬ϳ̶ԶԶʵ֮·ѰûеԸѡôһ·
һἰϴ¼רŶϴϵӶԵġרŵĵӣϴϵӵʵ⣬ʵﵽǰʮܹϴ¼ϴ¼ܹ֮õӼ൱Ĵܹ³Ͽٵĵཱܹڶϴµӵһֹˡ
³ϽҲԪӤʿĽڹȻǶɣԶԶԴܹģϴϵĵӶܶʱʿĽȻ֮ҪﵽЩѶȣŶԣȷʵûǱˡҲҪʿĽԪӤʿĽӦñ𵤸ǿһذɣһ˵ţͷѾһЩ
⻰С׵ĶҲһƺԪӤ˽ЩȤϾһȻ壬طҲۣ֮ȴƫɣΪߵ˽ָҲǲ顣
ȻͻƵٹҲ̶࣬ڿ»Ҫ̾磬Ҫﵽٹ۷µû꣬һһˮ׼ˡұٹ۷Ҫǵһ󾳽ĹؿöҪ֤ܹ˳ȴҲЩΪѵġöľˣǾͲ֪ҪѶʱˡС׺ĸһˮ
һҡҡͷˣҪȴǳΪһ
Сüһ˼ǣ
һָָϵϴ¼ϴ¼ϵĵӾʸ³ϽȻһһΣվûеĺáħߺʵ֮·طӼƵأӶûмԸȥ޷ͻĻҲԸȥһԵġ
ϴ¼ҪʵϴϵĵӶޱ֮ˣǰʮΪǽӽĴڣ˵ûڵʵǽ̨޵ӳδزǵĶ֣֮ʩչ޷һᱻϸ˰ɣ
⻰һüͷҲɵĲ˵Źϱй涨ŵӲħŹħŷ֪ʦͬͽ˿ԼڶʮֿضŰġ
ȻԼһʵ붼̨֮Уǲ뱻֣ʹҪܵٵƣӳֻ²ɣʱ治Щϴ¼ϵӵĶ֡
һüͷ壬˺þҲûͨ£ֻʱ£΢΢һЦˣ黹Ƿں棬ҵǷһȥСҪȥ


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ȥСüֲȥԪӤʲôطǺȥ
һԹһЦԲӣСѵιһڵĲ֮ôǿĴ֮һĲ鰡
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һҡҡͷҲҲСˣҴȥһľˡ˵ţһС׵ֳȥ
㣡Сһֻû˵꣬ȥüչɫЩ죬ֻҡҡͷ׺һȥˡ
ȴ˵һһ·ϴ¶ϷȥԶԶһΪΰĽҶֻд֡顱
һ֪ԼҶ˵طֱӷǽǰ棬⽨˵ΰȴΪ۳ռʮֹϴ¶ϵĿյضռˣҪ˵߶ȶԣȴֻ㡣
ڲ龡ڴˣһ⽨̾
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һҲ𻰣ֱӳǲ¥֮ȥߵþˣſԿһ²ڴ˼䡣ϱвͬ
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һƷζһʱ򣬺һУһѵӰʩչһ˫ԵޱȵĽָضҪΪ֮̾һ㡣
⣬һнðԵʩչⲻǽ͸ôףƺԣһлʩչ㲻ܣһˡƲˣôƲˡۡһһӴӻþ֮˳һѪ
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ԭʦ㣬лʦˣ˵ţһսӹлл
һ˿תͷٿǴźͶٿһʱɫȴ΢΢Щ仯ʦܣǵõһ֮еĽˣ
֮УУһ⻰˵ЩͿֳһ˼һԺֻǰӰʩչڶལ֮УΪԵһĿԼͷĨҲĨȥҲ
񿴳һɫ仯΢΢һЦԭʦҲдˣʦҪԤף
ϲӺһʽѵлʲô˵ɣһԼ֪࣬ȴҲȴƺرĻܣʶҲԸ͸¶һԼá
һʽЩҲҵȺöˣʦҲиԵ֮أе˵ȻеģȻ㲻ܣʦܼȻ֪ұ䵱һ˱ˡ΢΢һЦ㳯һȥ
ǲ¥ԵһͤóһյϣֵһһһͷɻȻԼЩȴƼˮ֮ǿһ㣬ҲԴ
лʦˣ֪Ҷ֮лЩʲô˵λܴн棬⽣˰Ե
һڣ΢΢һЦʦȴǲ֪£˵ɽ壬ʦӦҲ֪λʦԵ˰ɣʵأ˵ǧǰžӦóɽġ
һһ㶣ɽ壬ʦ㣬˼ǡ
˵ͷǧǰųһλֲݺϧˡ


һ ʦ
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һҲΪ⣬ϾµҲҪµϣ촽콫ǧǰһƪ˳
ԭǰһʦɹÿÿǧһλʾۺ֣꣬ȴǳٳٶûôһȻ£ȱôһܹ˵һȱ
Ȼ󣬾ǧǰڳһԪԵĵӡ׿ڵʱϣʦУпԶλʦȳʦɾ͵
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ȻвеϦҲףɽ֮ʱȴǴΪǿľ׽٣žŰʮһ֮£һưʮףȴ֮£һǿ׽֮¡
һϯ̾ϢǵλʦܹһףܽڣӵԪɽִţˡ
һҲֱ̾ϧ֪׷أأ֣֮ħ峣׽ٳ֣ɵ׽٣׽ֻ˵ѵһǰԪԵʵ˵׽٣׽ٶܶȹֻƫƫ˳˾׽٣¾νӢŰա
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΢΢һЦָһ֪¥Ǻ
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Ŷһ΢΢ԾСĿһʱԼ֮ǿе֮Ե֮⼸൱£
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һŰԵͷ֮ܽĴУǵͬ޵Ľһɹףڵɽ֮һ֮е˴ڵĵӶûмˣ±˾ͽҲûɹ
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һ֪ˣҲԸͣ΢΢һЦлʦҴ£һʽ㹻ʹˣʦθзǷ֮룬ֻǲ֪һʽд£


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һɻλѵ׽ʲô֮
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һԽӻлȥˡȻʧʮöʯȴ˿ڣϾ֮һܹͨǾǻȡһ׶ȣҲܹ뵽ģܻȡ׶ȵķ
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֮Ȼڷʿʹ֮վ֮ͨѰĹҡ㡢ݡáڷĲ£ϡѡֶΣ֮øӾʾףΪеһ⡣
Ϲ֮ʱר޽ưԣ֮УҲɽһԽΪǵ޵ĵ䷶֮һ괫ɽһʦҲһλţƾɽն׽ٷһʱΪѻΨԪʦܹ⣬Ǿ׽٣ڽ޽ˡ
Ȼ֮һԲҪѧ֮Ͼһ˵ľ޵ģߣҲܺķѱڽϣνھڶֻ࣬Ҫͨһ֮Զñˡ
ѡ˺ð죬һŴڶ֮ԳһŻ⽣֮˵֮ʹ֮ʱ׵֮ٶȾ죬ǶԷ뽣¡
ִżѣǵΪ˷ϰߵԻޡǽľˮ˵ľУˮԼֻ߲˵ǲòбߣǲ°빦ˡ
֮޵ڶִҲǶ⣬һڶ֮иһԷŵڶ㡣Ѷ֮ߣҪ֮ӣʹȴʶǷڵһҲʽ
һ֮Уһܿ췭⡶⽣磬ӵ͵߷ֱǣһҫ⣬ʮù⣬ٽ⣬ǧ⣬⡣ﵽɵ⾳һֱ⻯ɱȥǶԷʲôֶζԵֵǵأѸ˫Ľ⡣
Ȼ⡶⽣ףһϵǿޱȵĽ֮٣ֻҪСɣҪѰһٶȣܹڶ磬ܴﵽԷٶȣɾǲǺ֮ϺǲһֶΡ
ʦҪһСɷ˷ʱأһԱߴ
һתͷȥʶФɽֻԷҲһ伮Ҳѧϰ֮ġ
ԭФʦ֣лʦѣԴ֮£СܲŷԼֶλ̫٣ٶ̫ãͱħץסţҪѡһϺõţ⡶⽣ҲúʣóȻǺõģҲûʲôʦҲ֪Сʮʱأһ΢΢һЦ
ФɽҲû뵽һ򵥺гһ㶣ŵʦܹȻ˼ҲǣʦҵȲͬʮʱ䣬ʦʣҪɹҲлġŻ˵ʦĴУҲиԵ֮ˣ˵˴˽ʱҲĵñأ
ԭʦҲ֪£ѵ˽лʲô֮ɣ
ФɽһЦʦܷģ˽֮£˼ãҲֻϢʦãŵ˸֪Ҳ㲻û£һһС֮˵ñǰ㣬ǰ¼ΪӣǴء
һ˵ͷ⽣֮ҲûҪʲôȻЩôȻ׷ʲô˶ǴˣһЦ֪Է˼伮
һʱһ⽣ݾԺ֮СʿҲ޷֮˼鶯Ǽõһ˿Ҫĵ伮Բһʱˡ
ФɽȥɫҲ㲻Ҫ˵ⶴ֮У֮粢޲ͬɽ֮ȴŹ⣬ǻ֮ʿԣûбҪҹֻԼ֪ʱˡ
֮߳һȥַѧͼ־󷨣һ֮ͣ䡣Դ̨ܹƷŨȤ֮ȴ츣һս֮ȤģϾ֮ͨǶ֣ϵ趨Ȼǲ͵ġ󷨴ʦõٵĲߣ죬ͼ֮࣬ԼܹƣȻⲻˡ
ˣһȴǿԼõġ


һ ֮
һפ󷨵伮ǰ棬ɨһۣ㽫Щ󷨵Ŀͷ廨ţ󷨣أǷ׵磬ǻ󣬻ɱ󣬷֣Ŀ磺Х󡱡׺󡱡󡱡ľ󡱡󡱡ɷ󡱡󡱡󡱡
һٴγ̾ԭԴɵƣʳһӣΪ˶伮ʱһĵ伮ûõﻹûʽŵĵӶܵõЩβֱ̾ɹȻԴ
һȴܻᰧ֮̾ˣôһѵ伮˻˵оһ󷨿ҪһأȴһʮĴűȱ˸ӳľоЩĶ
һ飬ڽҵԼҪ鼮󷨳⡷󷨣ƷǱļգΪҪġֻнʵܸȽߵȥⱾ󷨳⡷뵱õġ⡷ıʷǼһ£ԼȻͬ鼮Ӧͬһˣ˵ͬһЩɵġĿǳ¼͸ƣ˭дɣȴ֪ˡ
һ飬󷨳⡷֮еӲͷһų̾һһȥˡ⡷Ҫϸ˵յ鼮
ڶ鼮֮нַΪѰĻнΪϡˮȵȣֶΪϸĻǻһȻҲѡ⾭ڶ˿ķĲһΣĸ裬ﻹҪǶȵȻڲһ㡣ʦ˵ԸϰйϵͬƳͬһ书ЧҲԶ
һǱٹڵΪܹƷΪֹûһƣ෴ѰƷֶȻģȴǲмϾŸǿԴǾüĵ̨Ʒʱʱ侫ҪԶԶˣƷȻԸóֺõķ
ʯ֮Ϊţ֮еķȴԷΪţҲ˵ܹƺ÷ģߣȻ̨֮н齨󷨣ȻһԶģ֮УǾܹƳһˡ
һڶ鼮ڵóôһۡԼߵ·ǲǧԽƷĹ̺ܳ׵ķֳģߺʹ뷨衣Ļ趼˼õķȻѰ֮˴æ֮Ҫ˲֪١
ȻƷǲ򵥣ȴд֤õһͻѾʮ˷ܡ˺úüַĶɣһĳ¥ȥһ˵ջ񣬶˵Ҳ㹻һʱˡ
˲¥һһ̻صңС׷ųЦСףǲ¥ΰ
Сײüͷ㵹ˣǲ¥һϵȷΣ˵þͱɱˡ
Ŷôһ¶֪Ӧһû뵽ôһԾ
СһǧǰɣôЩ꣬ô˽ȥ飬˿˿֮ˣ˵þԣ飬ȻһٳΪ鱦һĴҲǲܵġ
֮飬鱦Щʲôѵ鱦ɵģһ˲ɵɻ󣬱Ȥ鱦ȻԸŹ
С׿һͬһ㣬֮㶼̨֪֮һʱʱ̸̿ṩ֮ôΪܹô죿
һԻȻԭͽ֮˵ҲǣҶ֮еĻǶǳоģΪšǴڵ뷨ҲΪΪȻӦý֮ѣ˵һҪ֮أһ˵͹һЦ
СױһһģȴҲĲٴοڵʵ̨֮еѰ֮Ӵ⣬Իַ֮ţ֮°빦޷ҲͰˣѰʣɵĻҪﵽٹȶ֪Ѷʱ䣬˵ˡ
һԵ˵ͷ̨֮е֮Ȼ󲿷̨֮УҲ뵤ʱʱ̴̶ܹ̿ʱͻƱٹȣͻıϡ
Сһϯʤʮ飬֮ҵ֪ˣֻǲ֪֮뷨ʲôϵʲôģξܹ鱦ˣ
ƨСûİһһۣ˶İζ˸о
֮֮Ϊص֮һʱʱ̵֮̿ҲǴϼֶΡ˵СȴָָͣһĴ


һһ 鱦
һһ㶣ô
Сָһ䴢ң
Ȼ֪ǺԵɣȴСʲôժ´׸С׵Ҫʲôô
СһץһͭŽ׻һǰͭԾ˿˹˵ͭɻǵã
һ˵ͷǵ㣬л͵ģⶫˣûзù
С֣ü΢⿪ԭһ
һһȴʮּϾ֮ϾУСикЩ˵þˣ̰ͼ̫ࡣ
һģСҲ֪ǺԵʣһȴǻһޱȵЦݵԭһƷϵķ
ʲôһһ
ͬһ仰ˡƷ־ȫһˡƷÿһƷ֮ر󣬵ƷϵķȴƷһµҪǿܶ࣬Ϊֻе߲ƵġǾƷǶһ˿ˣԳǷ֮ϸǿĴڣѰ鱦ֻһЩˡ
СǺԾ΢΢һЦһƷϵķҹӦǸոƷһ
ƷһƷȻûоƷԾѣϾͷķҲƷ׶ѡܿͻָ侲ʵСף˵ǡԭ
СһЦǡԭܹͭǷͲˡ
һ仰һȻ׼ȴҲɵһʧ䣬һ£Ʒķγӣ
С׻һָ֮ͭϣһͬ֩ƳͭϣȻС÷е˳֪ͭʲôĽƸǾ٣ʮƵĺۼȴɢԾɥѾǷˣ˵ǷҲһء
һͷһҪ˵ǷģǷǿںϻǣǷطںϽơƷҲǸ˵ġ
һƷһƣƷʮʮƣ𼶵ݼӣƷʮʮһơȻ󷨵ĲͬɵĽƻͬѰ£ԽߵķԽֻǣΪ͵˺ĽƣƷѰڶд󾳽˾Ʋ
ʮƣ˵ķƷˮ׼ǿǷڵĸ֣ʿܹƳġ
ϧˣǴ˱ܹã˵һأһ̾һ
СײмãΪ䵽ϲɡ
һڨڨһЦȻⶫ磬ȡʲôأ
Сͭϻ˻㲻ҪҸʲôôҾ͸㣬ǲٷŵ̨֮ǧ꣬Ҳ飬Ϊһ鱦
ʲôǧܹ꣬飬Ϊ鱦
ﵽƷ֮ϣҲ㹻鱦Ŀܣ֮ϴˢһ˿飬Ҳͳ鱦ˣȻͼ鱦֮ȾƷǿһˡ
һϢ𾪵ģǧʱ⣬ôʱ⣬߲ˣѵûиݵķʽô
Сײһ˵ǧ껹ٵģһƷķ꣬ʮ궼һܹɹ㲻ǲ¥ǧʱ䣬Ҳǿ࣬黹ԶġҶŶԣֻҪ𣬱Ž޾ʱ䣬ֻҪҵ㹻࣬㹻ǿ鱦Ҳ㲻ÿ顣
һһٴξô˼ʶȷʵС˵һɶԣ鱦Ҳ飬ԼԣһԼͷûõƷϵķҲΪһ鱦ʹ֮Ͼ鱦ʲôĶ֮ԼΪûȥǧ֮ǻ鱦ʹá
ˣˣ˵ʱ鱦ûԵ֣ͭһϺõı˵ÿһأһӹͭ
ˣҪϵ¼󷨣ͭǷĲʣȻ¿¼ϣұķѣһ󷨶û취γɽƣҶԵǺ£һοԿ¼ʮϰٴΣȻĨȥͬһѵĺöˡ
һһĻСײһһƷȴʹáҲ벻õ÷ֻһˣ֪Ĩȥ飬ɵġ


һ 𵤽
֮ǰһεĽ𵤽֮ʱһȻϴ£һѾΧϰٵӣ½½еӷ
һյ˴˴˻ڼҵסͣоФɽˡöԷʢԼһȻĹȥˡ
Фɽ΢΢һЦʦѧ֮ǰĽʦɽģӦǽ֮˵þдջأ
һԵ˵ͷʱȷʵ֮ĥ͵ʦֻè򣬶Դɵţϵͳѧϰ㲻ʮѡ⡶⽣֮ѣָޱȣչȥȴͷԣռȻɽϵĽ𵤵ҲϣЩջźá
£˱ţԼдáȻ˲ͬһ磬ͬвͬ򣬴Ҳ档ФɽȻƽƽ˵Ķȴ֮ζģ˶ΪɼФɽȻǼ
˰ʱһɫ䵽ǰ̨ϣһӡӼ򵥵Աţһһӻ֣ͨ˳֣ʦ֣ŷȺ
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ʱ֣ͨ㽫һ׽ꡣвǾãһȵһȴΪ̾ǽֱڽ֮棬ǽ㶼˳Ըߵĵӣһ˵þţСɡ
һһֱ̾ǳȽֱ˿ڵĽѧڣʦͽⷽҲˡ
ʦܸоΣ֣ͨФɽһЦʵ
һ֣ͨȥĽ⣬ڵФʦ֣Ƚ֮ڣ֪ʦֲ㣬ʦֶ
⻰ФɽǺһЦʦǴģ֪ɵĹأ𵤵ӽһǲ˽صģȻȲ˽أһ̶ϣ񷽲ŵ֮򵥵һ֣Ҳͨ׶ѧҲ֡ԼѧĽȻ£Լʦеķţǲǲ˵ġ
һ֮⣬᲻⽣ĵӳ⣬žиҲɺܶˡȻҲ֪Լ뷨ˡ⽣Ƕ֮ѧҲ׽ġˣҲΪеãͷ˼У˵ûȥһͻơ
Фɽһ˼΢΢һЦʦɣʵʵսõѧϰʦܹʵսĻ˵أ
ʵսϧˣڶ⣬ǿĥڶ֮Уƺûڣǲ֪Ǻˡһҡͷ
Фɽ΢΢һЦ֮еûޣֻϡ٣ҵϴµҲǲԶģʶǳɲˣĥһһţʦܵǿһԵġ
ʲôӣʦִͽ̣
ФɽصĿ˿Χ߶ˣ˵ҲףҪ֪ǲֹ֮䶷ġ
һһʦֵ˼ȥսʦֵܣ
ФɽҡҡͷսǲأϻһôԵʦֵҲǿԵġ
ôһɻĿФɽ
ФɽһЦʦҲҪңôֻҪõóԷԸͿˣ鵤ʲôģϴ¶ܻӭĶŶ˵ϴϷȥ
Ա߼Ȼ̸׷Ц΢ЦФʦ˵ҲҵƽĥҲǻôʵҲһֽ׵ķʽˡʦԸ⣬ҵǿʦһýҲãҪӡ֤һġ
һͷҲȻ֮´ԷιУǳֺõ飬ͬڷ֮еʦҪЩôҲ⻰һȻ֪ԷΪʲôڣҲؾֻӦ
ص֮Уһһãǡ⽣Ħ˺һȻ΢΢ȴṳ̂һҲģϾҲҪԵ˵ʲôʱһ̤ء
ϴϵʱȥһ£һգһٴγ˶ңϴµ׷ȥԶԶһƬɽ£΢΢һЦˣ


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һ½䵽ɽԣһɽȾǰ棬ʱеӽСеɫϲеȴǰ̾һɷӹдȴǹ̵ģζ
˰ɣһ΢΢һЦȥУżǬ˵ǻɽҰ룬Ӱľһͬ龰
һɽ֮УʱĻӷζҲǴЩ֮дǳ±ڣҲӦΪնɵİˡ
νȣҲϴϵĵطҲһһǬɽ𵤵ӣϵĸ֡ɽ⣬дУ̫ɽŹɽɽ֮ԼǬɽ֮
ǽ𵤵ڽ̨һ߽֮һһɽͬʱ˺üַɽҲɡ
һ֮ԵĵҲͰˣһͶȤҲڶ෽оһʱ֮Ǽ£ѯʹ֪֮ôһط
⡰ȡһɽӦġȡΪϴµӿٳϾЩӽҲܽǬɽһǰһֶҲġ
֮ҲõĵػֱֶθǴ˴ػã˼ĵػӴ඼ϼѵģ֣֮Ҳ̫Ʒġ
һѡһ˵УãһţһػӱûбĶˡ뷲ƱĲͬڴˣҪ̫͹߸ǿ̻ƾΪɵġ
ػǰ潫˿ػĻǿǿܹﵽϵˮ׼
Ӵ֮óһʯʯ׵ػ֮һȴǲ̫˼ҲûţץǲƵͭʼȻ
ʱͭûһԣɼ󷨺ͽȫûˡҲһԼõ̨֮Уӷһҳģһʮö֮ÿһġ
з֮УһóĻз֮Ҳصѡһ󡱣ɱ֮Ȼ㲻ǿǴĻ󷨣ԶԼ࣬׳״
ʮŸɣҲ˵ҪʮŸġյĻзͨĻл߷Ȼ߷󣬶ǺģһξʹķģЩΪѣӼ򵥵Ŀʼץס֮Ժˣ
һţĶſֻץŵŨ֮СʱһɹϹȥƬ̣һı˳һæţɢȥߡĹעһöһöĻ֣ҫ𵭵ĳâһ׺֮С
һֱʮöһŶӷķſעЩĻϡתһڲһһöһŲһ飬˺ЩʱŽʮöڲǿһ˿󷨵
죬һţ󷨲óɾͿˣ
һţСļһҪγĻǰʮöȽףŷļӣ󷨿ʼԵ÷νǣһȫһǳǰõķľ⡣
⡰󡱣һҲЩãҲ˺üʱݣΪһϸڶʵʲŷеۼһʮöģ֮öһļ󣬱ǰʮöķ׷׷ųһۡ췢ը
̨ҫ𣡡
̨ķҫǻȥǻҲǻһЩ
֮Ҳô򵥣ҲǷһЩ⣬ڿʼȻһЩġ
һεʧһʹ˷ο󷨱ȱ˲֪վ˶ٱˣֻһˣǱҶ֮гܹ֮֮ġ
ŵľѵһΪ֮һٴγһĲֿʼ˵ڶΣεĲ
УһöϾͳ˵Ӱ˺档
Ŷ߸Ϊһ飬ÿ֮仹ϵ
һ龹Ȼ󷨣ǹؼˡ

һδһоϣڵʮβʱһǳɡʮöĹһ󷨣һĶɱڶ
ɣһһˣͿν󷨴ģ֮ˡ


һ ӡ
̨֮УһʮŸĹɵĻ⣬Ʈݳüķ˳һһС
ǻˣֻҪܹ˳ģ֮Уܹγһˡţһһ󷨣һץͭĽ󷨳ͭϰȥ
ֻ󷨹һӴͭǹ⻪磬һŨŨһֶƵֱۡתסƣźЩ
죬ɷɣ
һһ߶󷨣һԶ󷨰ͭϣɲǼ䣬Ľһɱը֮Ȼɢ
һãһ̨򿪣ʱЩɢĻ𻨶ʱѩһ㣬ɢͬԴķ֮У󲿷ֱյ̨֮ȥˡ
һЦĿ̺Ѭڵƣʧˣ
һοӡʧܣܶһγӣܿ콫ϵĺ̿ɾʼڶε󷨡
˵һĹ󷨣ڶξ˳˺ܶ࣬ٶҲǰһ֡ץŻĹţһʼ˵ڶεĳԡڶʧܸգ˵һεľ飬ûܵκơܿһģʼΣĴγԡ
һδεĳԣٶȿ죬ٶǶԿӡ˳ղף֮һһ֣ҲڲϵĽڵڶʮοӡʱһϹ⻪֮ͭУһӫӫͭһǷһϲ
ɹˣһϲģܿͽ˷ܸѹ󷨵ܽǰɹľ
˵һεĳɹһȴԸʹ㣬̨֮пʼһģܿ㹹󷨣Сһ󷨷츳жߣʮεȴҲƵɣĹʱֻԼĪһʱ䡣ǰľϣȻһ˳˿ӡĳ
ͭ󷨣һʮֻϲٴοʼһι󷨺ͿӡһʮΣֻһΪʧܣĶӡɹſӡӣͭ϶ԽԽߡ
Žĵطӡ󷨣һͷҲΪ⣬Ŀȴڴˡ
Ҫ֪棬һǷĲʣǷķǺߣŻΪáͬʵ£ǿķ䷨ȻԶͬ٭˷ǿ⣬ڹɷŵǿ̶ȡͽ׵ĻɵĻҲǱȲû߷ġ
ߣԣ屾Ѫгɱѱ仯ԣʶ߷ȷʵʺϹķġ
һһ˼̨֮н߷ӷץעµĻ߷Żľ飬ʧ֮ٴξεʧ֮һǿ˺üֵķڿӡͭһϡ
ãܺáһ߶ţǵػϵ󡣱а˴СС˴룬Ʒһ㡣
һʱ䣬һ֪Ҫʱ䣬ٴͶӡĹ֮СʱǷͭߵػǰ
ǵͽɲϣƷԲһ㣬ȳ̶Ҳ㹻ʹˣǿΣԿܷƷɣ
˵ţһ˫һһͶػ֮Уʱһػԣʼͷǻ֮еĻַƾػ֮Уһ̶ϿƵػ𣬳ǵͽʿʹõַʦȫȵӵķһܹػƳŸǾɡ
һ˲ͬҪֻģߣʶһĶڶԲϵϡػϵ֭һһ뷨ģߵķ
һʱ֮󣬻ǳ룬ذףмڵػϡһһĳ˵ʶ֮һôģҲЩѵġ
ˮ׶
һһȣһɢˮųڿУһԶõЩģϣһ֮˴Ĺ̡
һڶģУһȻжʮ룬ذףһʯȫ
ܹ֮󷨵йأⳤӦֻһ󷨣ذӦǣǳӦܹŸ󷨣žӦòСҳеķɽ˰ɣ
һķʶٴιһ飬ǰٴҲ㲻ʲôĲʵս


һ 
֮ҷŴ󿪣һ͸ƣϲ֮ɫ˳˿ңȻ΢΢һЦȥȣϴ·ȥֻǴ˴µķɽںڻǽɫһ쳤ջˡ
˵һ׼ģߵʱ֣һΣذףĳһδοӡըʮ룬ذףԼһ֮ڵõʮ뷨ذ׷Լһ
ôٳ̶ȣ˵ʵʿӡʱʲô⣬Ҫ׷ǿȣϵģߵ֮Уǿӡһûʲô⣬ǿӡЩǿӡֻܿˣһֻɵĳɹʣͬһõʮöӵ롣
Ҫ֪֮ȻڷĲͬҲǿ֣֮Ҫڷϣֻǵͽ׷ĵн׷ߵ󵽾ŵǸ߽׷ھŵ֮ϣǶ֮ⷨеļƷˡ
ǣʮڷ֮Ҳǽӽн׵ĴڡͬԵɣһذϽжοӡذ֮ʣذףһӡ߸ʣӡ󣬶ǽӽ߼Сĳһһӡʮ󣬽Сԡķɽ˶ⷨ
Ȼ˽ģߣһջĸ࣬ǳضҲšջĲЩƷľ顣
ǰûеģҪԼʯͷӣɹһҲ˵ȼķѲ˲ʳؼ޵ɹʲɣǾųɣʮɡ
󣬶ľ֮еķȻи߽׵ģģǲģԼƵķɽ˳ֵķˡҸʱһ£Ǿ͸ˡ
ţһһ·ɵڣһֽڶϡ
һɻһָȥһʦܣϴСҪʼˣȤңҵһͬǰȥ
ʦ㣬СԭϴϵĵҲнףҲϴڵӵĵطûͬǲ뿪̫ԶҲеӣҽ裬ҲԴﵽԴ󻯣˵ʲôöҲȥˡһһ˶㳯Ķҷȥ
һǰæӭ˽ȥһ˵֮󣬲֪ԭСʮղſʼȻΪϴϵӿģȴϴϵӲȥǱڵҲвμӵģڽ𵤵ӣǾͺˣϾǵļССеĶѾˡ
ϢһһԼʯ٣ǽ츣նɱ֮󣬸ǵڶʯԼһССϴµӣѶһó̫ʯǲ̫ãԼһÿˮԼˮ׼ܹﵽʲôʯ۸
һԵõ񲻽ʵʦѵʲôöҪҪչôУóʦҳüǮ㡣
һһ룬ҲҲԼҪĲһдʯԭ뵽˴΢΢һЦʦ㣬ʦҴϲȴ˼ʦȤ͸ʦ˺ˡ
һƷȻΪܹƶõˮ׼ȴҲӣ߼չˣҲǽԵ
ԭʦܻƷˣóʦһƣϺõķ˵þ͸ʦԲˡ
һԵ˵ͷһ֣϶룬ذס
ףηذ׷ȷټ˵תעУ⡣
ȵ󷨣ǿĵͽ׷˵Ÿǿһ
һͷʾϣڵʦһΣʦľй߶Ҳľòǡ
⻰Ҳ˿ץһö룬תУз󣬶ʱ»һԵʯϣ֮㽫ʯյͨ졣ʯȻûзȴҲŷģʯʱͿȴҲô챻պ죬ɼС
񾪲Ŀһһۣн׷ˣѵ⼸ˮ׼ô
һҡҡͷ
״һϾηһܹһ㲻ˣͽ׷Ƕˣܴﵽн׷㹻ˡķֹһǾ͸ǲ˼ˡ
ʱһ΢΢һЦ붼ֻ󷨣ذ󷨵ġ


һ ׬ȡ
ʲôҲ
һȴҲͷЦҪ֪óŲڻϵʱ뷨νĳȴƷȴǷֳɵĲ裬趼ʮ˼ơ
֮ǰ˽ģڸַطҲǰ˳ȴĽȻˮҵͬ˿ҪδĦĳֲʳ󷨵ʱһԾˣʶƳķܹﵽܳܵļޡ
ʦ㣬ʲôôһ֪ʵϾ֮ľܣǰװ֪Եá
ȻҲĶ࣬ȵһٰɵӣһ㶼ٿ˿ϵ뷨ĬĬذעȻǿĻʱʯڻ
߽׷Ǹ߽׷ʦѡȡӦòͼģŲõķĲͽװɣվ侲
һ˵ͷһʦֻ΢ЦſȴûнǺε󷨺ͷĵ˼
ҲˣȻûеõȷдȴûв֪Ѿϻܣʦͽлǲܸߵġ
ذץϰһǷذϲµ·ǶζȶķǱУԵҲۣ̺ͷ̶ȱϺõġѰʦˮ׼
۲һһеʱ˲֪٣˵ԭֻΪһȽϴܽ뱾ڣſӽĻȴǳױĲ۷һֶΣ㲻Ǭɽר˾Ӳˣ˵߳˵ˮ׼
̾һϧˣ
һ仰˵ͷԣæʵʦ˵ǣ
΢΢һЦϧʦôõܣǱǬɽϵĳǷˣһæµġ
ʲô
ҡҡͷʦܼȻֻҪ뱾ڣͻᱻɽһ£ƶˣ˭ҲĲ˵ġ
һԣ˼һתһԼ˽Ȼж˵뽣ԵȻᱻɽ¡ǬɽЩղסϾԼַڣĸ£ȴǲ֪Ǹǻ˼ȻƶǲؿǬɽ⣬һϾڶڱڵӹ涨Ĳʮ壬ֻҪ֮пĽǿȡģǽ뱾ڣҲǿǰȥǬɽĳϽġ
ȻЩͷȴǲܸ֪һһźĿЦԭˣȷʵеϧֻԼȥȡĽˡ
Ϊͬĵ˵ͷ¶һЦʵ˵ϧһ㡣
Ŷ֪Ǻοϧһæʵ
ַذָһӵķϧôϺ÷ʦȴǲһˡ
һЦԭˣʦϲȫȥˣʦһֻҪҵʵĲϣЩʱҲƳˡ
ҡҡͷ˲ɣʦ⼸ƷȻǵͽ׷ȴн׷ǣСɣ⣬ʹķҲСʶǿ˻һʹ;ˣôһöʯûġذȸ߽׷һļ۸öʯһأһӷ˵ҪһǧöʯֵһѰˣʦȻЩʯԶԶûôģҵΪϲʦһˣذʦЦˣһûʹù߽׷أ
һһͷ֪ǶԷڵ㲥ԼЩļǮҲиĺ⣬һ֣һذָµˣʦʯΡвۣ͵лʦһָˡ
״Щɣ⣬ʯɲһСĿ
һɫʦ㻹Ը⣬Ǿ͵ʦܴûˣ˵žҪȥ
״һסŵȻʦִˣʦҾȴ֮ˣʦкβǲҪұˡ
һЦŵ˵ͷʯ˵һ֮Сһ˵һγֵĺö˵һ˵Լʱ䣬һƮȻȥ
ŵֵʯ𵱳һ󲻹һʯȴܹ׬ȡʮʯһ̾ĺ֪ǣ׬ȡô౶ʦʦʵǲģҲǵˡ
żСᣬԼȡĴʯϺõıһͷ̲סϲ


һ 
ʮպһ˶ңмϣܱ֮ߵĽõھӶˣһ㣬ФɽΪͷˡ
ФɽһǹһЦʦܿǶŶգû뵽֮ͨʦϵҶˣǺö֪ʦûиõĻɫУͱ͵СȥˣʦҺˡ
һ֪ԷǴȤȴҲһЦʦ˵ЦˣиõĶʦҲԼţ˸ʲôʦҪ׼Ͻң˵Ƴöء
⻰Фɽ۾һԵļ˶¡ϴϱ㣬õ˱˴֮нǻ޻ǽ飬ҲǴΪһ˼ü˿ˡ˼֮޲ڣֻǲÿڰˡ
һôһ֮ˣȻཻ⣬ȴû̫Ľ飬ȴĺûᡣͽůҲаϲ֣Ҳ㲻ÿ˳
ФɽһתһЦʦܹȻˬ죬⣬ʦˣѰϺòϣһʦƲǡ
һ˵ͷǶ⼸ͬ£Ȼһϲޱȣл̶ʱ䣬˹ϵƼˮ֮ûȡ
ȵ룬Фɽ˳˶ұ㳯ɽȥԶһСƬŽеǿеĵط
һһû磬ϵ̯λȴûаʱ½⣬ռһ̯λ㷷һ֮ҲԷΪģһһѡ˵ط̯λãֻʣһԼФɽˡ
ʦѵ׼ʯôФɽڵ
һҡͷ⵹ǲģһ뿴Ƿʲôö˵˾ͻҪʯһ鷳
Фɽͬĵ˵ͷʦܻо飬ʦƵķҲҲȥǷҪöʦܾʹ˱ˡ˵Фɽ˹־ȥˡ
ûȥһЦʵʦѵ׼͵ö߻ȡʯô
ҡҡͷ׼ʯҪ÷ţʦ͵ķȴ㹻ˡ
һڨڨһЦȴҲ𻰡ЦһʦܷȴϵҲ׷ŹǼˣһвƸģ²׬ǵʯҲǰæʦʲôʱҪĥͿǣǧҪˡ
⻰һϹһЦݣ⻰ȻָЩԼӦ˰æƷھӣʵʱһȻϿԿʵȴûʲôÿġֻƽʱʱȴЩƽϵˣְˡ
ǿһЦ֮еζһ죬һڵԼҵ飬ɵԼҽ鲻㵥ĸ裬ֻ費ȡĹϵǲܳõġ
һмһЦ˹֣лʦָ㡣
ָܿ˳̬˵ͷһԼȥԶһߵˡҲ˿⣬Ѱһ򣬱ȥԼҪĶȥˡ
˵⼯ȻΪϴϵ裬Ҳ£в˶٣Ƿû඼Ƿ𣬸鵤ݣϣȵȲһ㣬з޵ġɽ֮ϡ٣Ҳ֪ץġҲɵӣЩͲСģѡɽ֮еˣɢޣɼ塣
һһȦҲѡЩĸõĵҩһ㻨˽öʯҲǲȱʯ鵤ȶԼϣҲĵġ
ߵһһ쾳ŮǰżݣбһÿΪ죬ʲôһе΢СһЩǹżöɬĹӡ
뵽С׶ϲãһפڶŮʵѣ⼸θ
ŮԣָָЩݣ⼸ٿݲһöʯһ꣬ͱһЩʮöʯ
ʮöʯ㲻ö࣬һֱ˳˹ȥҪˡ
Ů״ȴǲӹʯ㶵Ŀһһۣɻٿݲ㲻Ҫô
һҩʮϤûҪµ뷨ҡҡͷˣҾˡ
ŮЩȻЩˣæٿݲϺõĲҩȻûг죬Ҳ߰˷ҩԣ㹻ƺüöˣһֻҪһʯ
֣һתǼòҩϣԼԼҲ˵Ҫҩôһζš
뵽һҲ⣬ָָǼٿݲݣˣұˣʯ°ɣ˵žͽʯ˹ȥŮҲæסһݶ˹
Եһ£ڴʱһһ󴫹


һ Լ
һתͷȥһڵ˹ָһûİٿݲݵ⣬ٿݲݣҪˣ
⻰һһЦŮŵĿˣЩ֪δõ
ٿݲݣҪˣʯ˵ţ꽫һʯŮݹȥ
Ůʱǻˣָָ֧֧һָָݵ⣬⣬ٿݲݶˣ㣬ˡ
⻰һ㶣ɥôҷŲ˼Ǯȥȡʯȥô
Ůһʣһ˫ˮ۾Ҫﻹܴ𻰡
һɾȤŮΪȴȴʮƺ˵Ҫʮһ㡣Ȥϵһ㲻٣ĴԿϴϵӣһȴãǸ˶һ
һ֪ö˽ȥ˵þ;ˣ΢΢һЦλʦ֣⼸ٿݲݶˣǰ˵ģȻ֪Ӧû˵Ҳûиɡ
һ㶣ɫһ࣬ſٿݲݣ˼۸æǮȥˣûü£̸ˡ
һͷ΢΢һЦνȵȵãǮ壬ʦһˡ˵һֱ㽫ٿݲ봢֮У㳯Զȥ
æ׷һķµλʦܣҪҲãΣҶһöʯ
һҲشֻϸһŵʦִǺ˼ѵʦٿݲôô
Ժĵ˵ͷʦҪֻҪ㹻ҾܹɹʱǬɽһѧõ֮Ƹĵҩ
ԳһϣׯصɫһɵЩϤȴǻȻ֮佫ϲ֮غһ𡣲ܿ㽫ͷ׿˿顣ڿĵãɼöԷ֮Բô򵥾ʹӦԷϾٿݲԼҲǿƵҩģֻǴ۲ưˡ
ʦּȻԳʦ֪Ƿҩɹһ΢΢һЦ
һ㶣ЦһֻƶҩҩȻƹɹ̫ͣõҩֲϻѵҩ
һЦһɣʦĥܹ֮ҩ֮ңʱٿݲݣֻĵҩҶ԰ֳΣ
걾û뷨ˣ⻰ʱ˾񡣱ٿݲҲֻΪԺһĽֱͰٿݲݸƣܹõһĵҩȻѰʦ˵һ뵤ҩѧȲñж߼ʣʯҩѣο˰װơԼֲûΣæĴӦ
˻ͨסַ֪Էиϴĵ֮һȥˡ
˲ԶߴСǶȥͰңúһܳһòĹ
һԲȻǰЩȻСУֻû뵽˵ֻһŹˡҲֱ棬ֻǣһȥ
ʱƣϰ̯ԽԽ࣬һЩڶӰ̯ҪǬɽӣ̯ӷŸַҩżһǾŹɽӵģܹü󷨵һҲ˼Ͼͳѧϰ֮ƳĲ֮˵Щоֵġ
ЩǬɽƳķͲļһ֮ԱˣЩֲַڲ˵е󷨸ֻȲƵǼֻǿȵɻļһ㡣Щ̭ģȲľ֮еġ
ЩӼһȴûй˼ɫЩÿһȻ֪Ȥ˸㳯Ҫȥ
ʱ򣬺̯λԱߣмģĶԱ߼˴к̯λȻĶһ⻪תϣɼøʽС
̨ôһֶΣһйעǰ˺ЩḻԼ̨֮еࡣʱ廨ŵﻹȥæȥԸ
ǬɽƸһһۣһƵķУĿסˡ


һ 
ʲôһסȴǿʲôԵ
̯λϵһӿһǲ򵥣һ׷ټǿȻֻǵͽﵽٹȫһǿȣԻнļ۸񣬲ʦףӦŵĵӰɣһۣʮöʯˡ
һԺһ뷨ͷȴɫĵ˵ͷʮöʯǲˣöҪ˰ɣ˵ţ˹ʯ
ʱ򣬺һװĹӸ˹⼸Ӵкתͷһʯ˳Ŀ⿴ȥȴҲһ۶ǵһ׷ǶʱһЦ
λʦ֣öǮ
ʼۣǶҲ룬Ҫʮöʯ
ˣ˵ǹӸȡʮöʯ˹ȥһץһ׷
ţһͽ˵̬УöԷ·ɱʹùһֽ̧Էס΢΢һЦλʦ֣˷ȿģʦֲҪֲǡ
⻰ǹӸٺһЦҪ̽ץȥһƷ紵ҪֱӰ˵һڽһҲۣϹȴǱЩרɵҪǿһֿ֮£һ㽫Էֱץס
ʦ֣ϹذһɵЦ
ǹ£ȴѲãҪһѣϵΪ൱ͬʱҲǵˣѲá
СӣеֶΣѵڼ϶ֲɣǹӸһתҲ
һ״֪Լ鷳飬һ׷ȴ֮鿴жûƵĴڣǬɽӵ̯λҲôһɼȷʵϡǵȼ̫ͣ۸Ҳһأˡ
Էûٶ˼һҲſ˹ֵλʦ֣ȷʵȿҲڸʯˣʦֺα⻹βȥ
⻰ǹǹһٸҷϻ㿴˾ôʯҲڽʯξͲҵġ⼸λʦ׸ù˭
⻰ӽһɫ󿪿˵µЩˣҪ˵ѯʼ۸Ҫ۵λʦܣȳʯȴλʦܣҵҲж˶λʦܶҪȻǽҪ˲źá磬λʦܾΣ۸˵ҪҲϹƽ
⻰ǹɫģһɫȴѿһ֣ǰӸԱ߼ӵȻһ
ǹӸһͷЦȻҵܣͿǷˣ
ôСӣǲûʯûʯͲҪˣǹӸ
һһЦȻλʦֶ˵ˣǾԺˣԸʮöʯ
ʮöߺߣҳ۰ʮöʯӸ
һüͷһ壬ˣҾͳ۾ʮöʯˣ
ҳһöӸٴγĿһ
λԱ߲˶Χ֣һıС˵ʲôʱĵĿǹӸ磬ƺ֮ǰҲϹһ㡣
һУ¶һ˿ΪѵתͷǷĶӵλʦ֣ͷʯеţֻܽＯʯˣϣʦִӦȻֻܷˡ
⻰Ƕɫ΢䣬һˣæЦȻʦִţΪʦ֣֮ܲʦֳˡ˵ţʮ޵ĳǹӸһɫм۽һ㡣
һ罫ͨЩ΢仯УƶǰĲ²⣬ͷЦҪҵܣҾ֪ܲôõġ
ϵһ˿æö̯Уͷö룬鼱λҪʦֵ
⻰Ҳк֮ʼ۸һָһöҪʯ
⻰˷׷׳Ծ˺棬ץһöҲǻߣһ֮Уֻһûעһ嵽棬ʱһڵĿӶ֡
н׷һ
ֳ˶Ϊģһﶼһ۱㿴󷨺ۼԼϵĻӣ׾ٵıжĴƷһöηܹ󷨣Ҵﵽн׷ˮ׼ѰʹãСɵ͵Ϯɱ˷ϼѡһʱ֮䣬ڳɧ


һ ɨ
Ǳֵͳöʯһʦܣöˡ˵꣬ͷҲصȺ֮С
һ״ɵúЦʣµöλʦֵܣ֪ûԸչö룿
⻰˶ʱӿһһʮöʯһͺٶʮöȻ˽ʮö㣬̶ʱ䣬һöļ۸㳴ٰʮöһһ㶣۸뵱˵Щ𣬲ܿȻˣߵĶûһ̶۸ֻǿ趨۰ˡʱչʾ˷ͬѰƷʣȻڳ˵ķʱΪʲôǰ½ʯˣԭǹƵˡ
գö붼˳ȥһ϶߰ٶʯɲ⣬˳ִӻͳһذλʦ֣СϻһذҪʮöʯ֪λʦ⡣
⻰û۾ǰҲһͨĿһ֪ǹһó
ô룬ҲֵסǶذļ飬һҲɳ飬һ顣
һͷƵĹӸһۣذֻԳ¶ȶһĿӶ֡к⣬׳ˮеķذȫ£ûܰϢջȥ
ʱȺ֮о𡰸߽׷ĸһ˷Ľмռ۸İʮöʯϣذ㽻˳ȥһͬʱһǧöʯ
ذ˻ȥϣһܹóõĶǱһΪ𽣵ĶⷨŲڵλʦֵܣСܵķҲˣȵ´μУСܶȻ׼һϺ÷øλʦˡջλʦΪСܹ֤Σ
⻰˲ʧһ˵һμеķǻȤԴνļ֤Ȼ˳ˮ飬ϿȻûоܾġ
һǧöʯһ̯λǰƵĹӵ֪ʦͷжʯܳϣһöһöļȥԵˣʦָһóò㣬Ρ
ǹӸɫʮѿȻﵽ棬һ⻰˵ͬϣһԵļɫһڣȻ֪һǵֶˡϸһļһȣ̯λϵɡǬɽӵֶξȻȲϴϵĵӣҲǺݺݵϣĿҲֻܻˡ
ǹӸĶסһڴ֮һͣһʯ˳ɨһԼĪöȻԶԶȲһǰǧöʯʮöʯ۰ɣ
һԹЦһΪҪ߳ٵʯѹǹӵʱȴڴ֮ͳһʯʮöʯʦ֣͹
һֻһöʯҪۣǳ裬ڳ֤ȴû˸⶯֣ǼϹҲסҲûгġ
һһץһ׷봢֮УһЦճɸλʦλһϷСҲһˣҾɢȥɡ˵ţֵƵĿһȺӣԼСĹӸһۣƮȻȥ֮ܵζβ˵үеʯҪɨǵӣʯѹǡ
һ֮ܿУֻԶԶĿǼһۣҲᣬͳԶȥ
һ˹ФɽЦʦܿ¶
һԣ֪ǰĶСҲФɽȻƽʱϲ͵ԴɵһİԽݵԼƽཻһݵñԼǿСԼȴݲҪѹԼҪԼ£ͷͬҲǾ˼ǣ֪нǿߵ磬һζĵ͵õ֮Ҫгڣֳһʵܻغ͵λ
ʦּЦˣЩƲסˡ
ФɽЦȴЩʧˣʦҲصģǼ˶Ƕķϲģûʲôǰ;ˣ˵˾͵ˣֻҪСһҲܱܿʦԺӣǾ㲻ʲôɫˡ
һԵ˵ͷ⻰ͷҲ԰ˣϾϴϵĵǲͬĸȻй˼ȴҲɲСĵġ
лʦˣ֪ʦֿԵʲôöˣһͷףɫ
ФɽЦûʲôռһЩϣǾҪʦŵأ
һȻ֪ʲô˼Ҳƴǣ΢΢һЦˣʦַģʦҵֶξˡ


һһ ׷
ڼֳһСķ粨һҲСС¶һܿû̸ˣϾнĵĻԼΣڼ޹ر㲻Ҫ
һФɽЯڼϹ˼ȦʲôҪĶһͬϴ¡һգһҲԸŹܵĺöÿ춼һȦŻطûյĹӸ磬ڶӼ٣ȴҲûǼǬɽ
Ҳһ֮УȴϣϾǴɣŹɭϣѰǲġκԼһںʲôֶΣҲܹӦ
ȴ˵нһ϶˲ϣԼǼ˹ϵƵġһϼѵĳƷһҲһΪʦȻһ˵ʯ˫Ҳ˵˲ģҲ˵Ǳ֮еһϹʦС
ʵһ˵ΪƷǷֳ˼޹ϵ̣ڲεƿس̶Ȼ˵˶ٱȴҲǸһϵĲûôˣһܹĲֶһ֣䵽˵þһֵʯķԶԶǿܽʯء
˫ԸԴϲ£һŲϻص֮СʱСһ˫ˮĶڲһͷľУкˮʯ
Ҳ֪СʲôţʯĥɷĩķʽϲУգǿָ˴ɫһȻԸŹȺ£С׽ٿݲҲȥȻСһŪǰٿݲҲٴλ
һĻһֱСײмĵⲻǺֶΡ
˵һЩĵõĻݣƵҩʲôľȫˣҲֻڨڨһЦһԿСŪҲſڡ
һУһջķᣬĻǵһ׷֮ѯʹ֮󣬲ŷ֣ԵķּǺٵģ۸ȽϹȴҲû뵽һžԼѼٿʯһѣɾǻ㡣
С׽Ū꣬һ΢΢һЦСףҪһ飬һɣ
Сû˵ʲôֻǵһԣҲǱ̬ˡ
ֻӴ֮ͳһ׷˫һ飬ʱһλεĵһϣڲûпֻ̫һ£ûо
øһ׷ȻЩȻЩͬһ˵ţһһ׷֮УʱϹ⻪תȻҪˡ
ž죬ըĻƶ͹ﵹˮһܶʱҪܳһ㡣ʱţǵ߽۳һĴָϸһָһԾ˳
һһãų̈ʱ򿪣һķʱ㽫ǵסУζӲȥ
ߺôѰǽʹܴߣ˴Ϊ˽ⶼֻǽס׵֮Ȼв֮ͬѹֱԵߺٳ֣һ־ܵڶɵ׷һţһ׷ֶοɲֹЩ
̨⣬׷
һ߶һطͬʱ䣬غһһڶ򵥣ǽǨԾһΡȻǷŻΪԾĵ߱طѹƵļ֮ܶгֵĳ̨ȥ
ʱ仯ͻתĵߣһţһöָͷСӣϵСܿ㻯С
һ仯ƾŷĸӦһһãԭǲൽ˱ûΣգȻƾȻԣҪը
һòײŵõôһöļƻ뷨ҪϵҲըˡͷһʱͬʱɫתǵ棬ʱһʮְķʽŲ֮䣬γһֽǵס
գ䣬Ȼתĥ
һһȣ֮󣬾Ȼ䡷ͬʱʩչֶξȻ󷨣ǵնɱ츣֮󣬴֮еõһ֮ⷨȻ򵥣ȴҪϢһָ˵ЩΪѣܹƿзĵһ˵ȴ㲻ʲôʶҲܿѧС


һ߶ 
һһֶΣȼصķճأΪصġ䡷ҲһɫֳǵȥС󷨣˲㽫ҪԱĵѹסԱá
Ҳйٴչҡͷβͬһ㣬翹ĵֵŷ⣬ĺд󣬲ԽԽٶȿԿó˶ãվҪѹġ
һϲͬʱҲһ׷ӵеоЩ˼飬뷨ֶ߽Ҳǿһˣû뵽λڵͽףн׵Чȴ˻ֻٴι֮
ʵһ֪ǣ׷ֶƵһ£Ҫػָ⣬ҪܹӦԵߣˮ֮ȻȻ춨˵ǻȴվҳַʹʯ򵥵ķ
Ȼʯ֮ʯ࣬ʯͷʯȴʮټǳҲ۸񲻷ƣѰ˲ûҪҲǲṺġǼĶӶԣҲ㹻ˣƽҲǲԷġ
ȴڻԵɺ֮£Ȼһ׵磬ڷõôһһ׷
Ѱ£ʯɵƵȻͬ׵֮վ֮Ȼɵһԣ˵ףȴҲѶȡȴǲͬȻɵԣĳ̶ֳǿԵķȵģֻԶԶ編ˡ
ǽԶԣʶˣ۸ȻֵʯһöʯǿԵģ˿һҲ㲻̫
ȴ˵ѹ֮£ǵ߽ɢһⱻ̨ǵεε»һצаԵߵķġľȻ·Ҫ࣬ɼģԺԶԶһ׷ġ
ߣһʯһ׷Ҳ޹⡣һûںЩʯȫͶ̨֮Уʼ۲׵ӷ
˰ΣһҲûдζʲôҲżͷһ߶УʱϹ⻪һһµķĴһһϡ
һ׷ҵҪʲô
һ΢΢һЦ׷ʯ˳ȥã׷ߣĪٶȴʯϣֻžһǿǷʯϱһð̵ơ
ƣһͷٹһԵǲ顣
һԵС׽һжУһˡ䡷Ҷӡ꣬ȻҲǷһȻ֪ΪһĻͨЩȴʶˣһзģûʲôӦռ׷͵ȴЩԾ
Ҳ˵ʲôӴ࣬Ȼ㲻ϣֻҪΣ͵ñ˶һ׽١С׽𵤻ΣȻȹˣȴɱһ磬νһҧʮ¾׵ϢҲΪϤͼɵ
һСɫָܿԭ״ȴʵ㻨˴Ǯ׷ѵΪһͨ
һСѵÿڣոһ׷ҲΪˣҡҡͷ׷ֻΪһ׼İˣܹɹʱ򼸰öʯʲôҶһˡ
ɶ⻰СһתʲôԾĿһһ۵ѵ㻹⽣
һԹһЦ޵ܱ²
ޣСûʲôϲֻǲм˵⽣Ҫ̣ʿǻлǽУһٸ涼һŵģΨһһŵģٶҲʮֻȵѰ֮ѵΪõһ׷ܹͨȵ˰ɣ
һȻС׻֮е˼ٺһЦҲϵȵȻǰˣҲҪһԣοŵûǰһԣǰʱ䲻Ͱ׷ˣҲĵġ
Ʊ˵СȴҲοһп˼ᶨ֪˾飬ԼܹȰ˵ģһͷȥ
һ״ڨڨһЦ׷ҲˣСҲúϢһҾҪٴθ⽣ˣ㻤أ˵꣬ҲСǷ𸴣һöٹȵɵֻǱĿȥˡ


һ 
ȴ˵ڶգһתŻС׺һԵСף¶һĵЦݡԴʮһ֮װɵ㶣ֻԼ֪ĸ˵ҶԵʱݲϺΨһܵܲ΢΢չ¶ԼվԼ֧Լǰ
ʮ귢ͻ䣬Ϻļ֮һҵһܹԼˡԼߵԽԽ죬ȻҶңѩϣˣദʱ򳤻̣ȴҴҹһ㡣˵ķ֮ǰҪɱԼոСס
һУԼȡ֣һҲݸһЦεСʵʵǵ˶ȴôһ֣Ȼ֮ǰ֪Եʣļ֣ûԼǿζʱȻúЦȴǽ˳˿ڣҲٸˡ
ƺʲôСë׵Ķ䶯£ͷһĿ⽻㡣Ƭ֮ҡҡӣһ⻪֮ɻΣɫȴ΢΢Ŀһѵŭʲô
һϰС׵任ȴЩӦɾЩ٣뵽СĬĬһΡ䡷ƽ
һжת֮䣬һָƽ΢΢һЦڵΪһ
⻰СһʱԻҲ뿴⴫˵еġ⽣ǲܹô򵥾ˣ
һҲ磬˸㽥һβ⽣Ȼûʲôͷ뷨ȴǻ˲١ǵ׷֮ǽ֮ǰһⶨһЩԵİ취
˵ߵ뷲һҪһһʽᣬҪ֣ܽоĻۣܹĥĥö
ʯϣһķֶãһ̨߽֮н׷ӷҵ߶һ׷һעת֮еת
ʱƣ̨֮Ѿϰٵ׷ĸ׹⣬ƺʱҪըһ㡣̨֮һ£׷ͱոҲȻըоһ׼ˣż׷һ뾭֮Сڽ˲䣬һɹºԵӭ׷סתȥ
˵̨뵤ԲͬǶһ԰ԵԺͻǰҲйûʲô⡣ת׷Ҳᳵ·ɵĽ׷ת֮УһĨһ룬׷׷׻׹֮Уһ˿Ҳλε׵ζ
оһں׵֮һͷһϲԼ뵽ڻǿеģһΪһЩ׼ֶξͿʡȥˡ
˵һ˿ĳɹñ˵ڶ׷֮УŴ׷룬һ֮У׵֮˼ǿѵζ
һͷą֮̃м׷һ뵤֮УĸʱҲǲô˶׷ʶЩƣ룬֮ת
ļƻһһķŻظ˼־񣬽㣬עȥ
ʱĵͱһ׵ĺǵǿﻹóġԹҲֺ
ԼˣЩԾȻһ㲻֮ǰǿЩӦǵһ׷˰ɣһ
ļƻҲٴΣӦ֮㿪ʼתת徭Щۼڵﻹоһת֮Уһ˿˿ͬҧʹоʱ֪ʹЦıϣʹܿľʹ·ΪҸµȲλһ㡣
ǰ·߹ˣôһʹʲô˼ᶨһҧҪʹʵ̲סץһķüģȴǾԲԼιȥΪ֪ʱΪؼʱ
ʱţȻһ̴ðʲôս˵ĺζͬʱë֮εεѪ˿ȥǰɲйƾһȴĸоԼı仯ƺÿһ鼡⣬ÿһë׶׵Ļ򣬶Щ̺Ѫڲдʱ׵֮һ֮ǰû뵽Ҳ֮ϲˡ
һʱʱҲ֪˶ã಻֪Ӧˣ׵֮ˣ֮ʹȥҲĲˡһľٴ뵤׵֮Ȼ˴롣ȻǲܳãһԣʣСҲ㹻ˡ
ı仯һͷϲͷһǼͷġ⽣ĳͬʱ뵽үԵ壬ҾԼһȻ֪ܲܳɹҪ飬ɣԿԼܹܲѧᡶ⽣ɣ


һ ɴ
ֻ˵ŸԵʣͬԵĹϴʣġȴû˳ԹӦԵƶɴиԵġ
˵ˣǿǧУһȴǲͬȽϾǰ鷢֣֪ԼʱԵɣǺξϴˢԭʼǿհףûκԣ˵Ǵԡ
ǻˣҲѡĳһеĹˣԺʹøԵķҲͲٻĴˡȴѡͬûԵġһ˱ٹڡ
ʱƣһδʩչз˺һֿܣҲԼܹʽ죬ֶΣ̨֮еĸַģʱıԣϴˢ塣зʹ룬Ҫ˵ϴˢҲûãһֱ뷨
Ȼڼϣһ׷뵽Լѡġ⽣Ȼ㽫þóͷ뷨һ׼ôһǡļƻ
ǽ׷ӷģһ׵֮Լų⣬Ҳм޾׷ʹã֮׵֮ﵽת䲻ͬȴͬԴת֮谭󣬵ǳ⣻ڵϴˢʹԣ忿Ȼޱȵʹȴ˳ˣһ´Լȴ⽣
⽣ǴԵ֮ٶȶǿƶ⣬̵ȴȴԵߣ°빦׵籾һ㣬;ױһһؿﵽܸߵĲΡڷԵʿԣǿޱȣֺѣ֮󣬾ϼѡ
ܹޱȵʹһɫЩȴ֪ģϾԼ棬ʱţԽὥȥûһۼã˵þһԵĺۼûС
ãεҪðܹܲͨ⡶⽣һһȣץһ鵤֮󣬱㿪ʼ
Ϊףټ¡ţԡ֮ãȻȻ֮ٷ
һ䡶⽣Ŀھתͷһеһ֮ǰûйĶȻ֮оһߣϸȥȴһ֮ͨ׷ֱ仯ȻһƣΣͷҪץȴܾǰһ㱡ɴҪɴܾЩղס
ǡ⽣ܸоĴڣΪҪ赲ңΪξͲҿ򣡡һЩЪ˹ǰĶȴǲܴȲܿܡҲ֪һĤһ߲״ƵĸĤԼԣȴֻܱ˿һЩҪƣЩѶȡ
ѵֻܴﵽ̶ֳôһ֪θҲΪˣϾһΣ벽żѸһأ˵ܿУ⽣ֻҪ˵ٶȣֻܱԵĿôһ˿ϾûܹԵż
ôôһһҲ֪ϲǱһ˿ͷ˳Ҳ֮вд׵֮ȴ֧̫ʱˡ
ʱ̨֮һ΢Сע⣬һ׷ӷģϾȻһڶʶҡͷԣƺһ㡣һôûзֹġ֪ǣһԣǰ飬ոָġ
һʶ̽ȥǵϸеһ㼤˷ܻвʵζ
ףѵҲԸҾʹ˷ôһһͷ
ʱǵ߾Ȼһ㣬ҡβͣͷ
һȻ֣ȴȷԵĴڣٴδͷȥϧˣ˴ҵѾķѵĲˣҪȴˡ
⻰ǵûٷŷһȦһȦתȥʱһӿȥǵ߾Ȼ̳ı
Сһ㵽ҪʲôѵͻôȻԣվĸ壬һոˡҲģһ׷עȥ
һİǵߺܿ㻯һߣ׷ӷģŵӣʱһ׷һΣֳһ׷ϣҡͷԵڱʾʲô


һ 
˵ߵķģһʱ˼һת֮뾭֮Уһ˽˹ȥڷĳ뵤˲䣬һһԺ֮УʱоΪ֮һһ׹ϷۣѶ£ߣ³ţ·֮ôһ׹ߡ
һһͻԺ龰ˣǵϴеĴ֮׵һ˿ӡǣ֮Ȼʶ֮Сʱڤڤ֮һ˵ĶǸŵһɴȻ˲ͱơ
ԭԭˣټ¡ţԡ֮ãȻȻ֮ٷãã⽣ԭôһ£
ɴһҿһĳǰһʵʵڵĿˡ⽣ĴţЩһ޶Ϊ׵һ˿⾳һױڡ⽣ŽʶѰ߻Ҫǿһ
׵һ˿ӡǣŽİһⳤУ֮䣬ֻһҫ𣬱һܹ赲һܹ׷ϣ֮£ɲԼףһڽ֮£׽ɨһе
ǵһ磬һҫ⣬ԭﵽһܹǿٶȣ⽣Ǳ־֮һһУ̾
һרһʱ򣬶ʱ仯ҫĽʱ⻪һȻһΪʮʮ罣ϸϸȥȴܹ֣ʮ罣ǴڣΪٶ̫죬ʮһ㡣
ʮù⣡һһ֪ǵڶľ
ֻʮùⳤһɨʣʱΪһʱûʮͷǹһ㣬ֺ֮һ㲻֮֮࣬¡֮㽫ɽ飬ոɣǰһҫ⣬ǿһ㡣
ýֶΣȽҪ𵤵ˮ׼ܹʩչȻһȥҪˣһæ̾ҲŲҵĽоͷ򣬴ճڶʱ򣬱õ
˲֪ãʮ罣زãĳҲȥҪɢʱʮ罣ȴǺһâ׷׻ʮ罣ʱΪһƬ֣תȴǵ罣ɵһغ
ٽ⣡⽥ȥ龰һеĳԾԸӣ֪ԾиҪҪǾǽ⼴ɢȥĳ
⽣ؼϵĽҲ˵һʮҪܹľԽߣԺٶԽ졣ѰԵܹڶǲˣҪ뿴磬ǰ֮жѵһ˵ġһˣ⽣ߵܸߵľ磬ܹﵽˮ׼
ɢȥٳֵĳһһЩͷתһ飬оã˳
˫ۣһһӰһתͷȥС׳ƮȻǰ˾Сˡ
ǡڳˣһ΢΢һЦ
⻰Сһ˫˿˹һŵĿһˣ
һȻ֪Сָǡ⽣Цŵͷˣջ񻹲٣Ź˶ãܹڵһС˰ɣ
С׽һ˰Σûзһ˵ѵĺۼһתͷȥԹԵȥŪȥˡ
һҲ⣬һЦץһöͷһı˯ȥڼϹһ˯ʱֻȤȴʵʵƣˣʹˡ˯˵ֻһӣڳ˯Ĺ֮зֳһ˿תĻָͬʱ˯˴󲿷ͷǻָ
֮һת˫͸ޱȵɣȻʱѾĻָ˹»ǲеģ޷˵ȴҲõ
һԵСڵһҲ׼ţ΢΢һЦһˮӭˮһ壬֮󣬳˶ңһ̷˳ȥ˵ʱҪ⽣֮ʣµֻǶڽİպĥˡڴʱͷȴϺõİš
˲ãó±ڳ֣ʲôһ΢΢һЦ֮УѡһңץһѶѵ׼Ҫʲô
òϣһʯõǣҲˡţһǹһ΢Ц


һ 
֮У궼Ȼ죬һңȻһתϢľˮϢһ٣һ˿ǿȥҴңûзһ״Ȼ˾档֮ǼҷŴ򿪣һӰ˳һƣȴΪ˷ܵһ
ͷ˿ǵػյңһ΢΢һЦ䴢µѪ˵ʱ⣬һЩһһƳ˷ȻϤι󷨻˲ʱ䣬˳ˡ
ФɽڣһƷÿ˶׼ĲϣҪҲ࣬಻һɽֻһηڼҪķԲͬһҲֻǰ󷨺ͷϤһҪ˰ʱ䡣
ˮ󣬾ŵ󣬸ɱľ󣬻н콵󷨣һʱ֮ڣӦû˰ɣһ˵ű㳯ȥ
һĨһһ͸ķɽһУָ㣬澹Ȼһ˿
ýýһô˼ƶɣһ׷콵󣬹Ȼͽ׽ٽˣһ˵ţһףڽϣʱ˽һȻһһԶȥˡ
׽ٽϣһԽԽоɽԼʩչոһЩ⽣ϢϢ֮ͨ˼һת㽫һпͨˡ⽣ͺϺٷ֮⣬ˣ׽ٽõķһ׷Լ⽣ͬͬͬԴһ׷׵֮Ҳ
оеѸ٣һֻǰδеĳ죬סҪסˣΪ֪⻹㲻óɹ滹кܶ
һϤ֮һֱɶңкЩڶϣһһ㿪ɵ΢΢һЦԭЩھίѯ̶ȵġ
һȻƳɹȴ׼ô͸ǣһ˼֪輸֮Żص֮ССڵҲţѰ˵طͬʼϰ⽣Լ⼸ĸ
ʮ֮һеǰתѹС׵Ҫˣ
СҲһΣ㻯С׺˸Ưϻӱ˯˽ȥһĻһΪȤû뵽С׶ܶոƯĵطЦĸꡣ
ȴ˵һңſڴ򿪽ƣվФɽȽ˲⣬Ҳһͬˡ
һһ֮󣬽ӭ붴֮Сˣһ΢΢һЦλʦȡİɣСܲҲŸãλʦвָ֮㡣˵ţһ֣ıʽɫڷϡ
߼Ҳ˲ԼҪԵķ㷭Фɽȡ룬Ҳֻ΢΢һЦʦˡ
һ˰ֵʦֿˣ˷ƣСҲãˡ
˿һȴŸԷɽע֮󣬱
˵󷨣߽׷
ŵ󷨣߽ף߽ף

˲ϴѰӣȻԳòǿ˶٣һȴûһ߽׵ģμа˾ŵ󷨵ĸ߽׷һϲ϶Ҫ֪һϺõ߶ԵļֵͬڻʦϵĻʣʯϵʮҪġ
˲ߣָܿФɽһģû̸һЩѸҲ̸ǷҪ鷨Ͼһ֮ǰƵķǼˣ󷨶и߽׷ˮ׼ο˾ŵء
ɫЩŹֵĽյǰʦ֣ܳҵȸмĪʦ󣬱ҵȾˡ
⻰һФɽͣһЦԼһ㡣һվλʦﻰ鲻ˣ㲻ʲô
յҡҡͷʦܲؿҪ֪ȸ߽׷мУУҵȸҵģʦⷬΪǸ߷ڣҵΪʶʦҵȶȻʦܲǲ
һǿӦ˼һŵλʦ֣ʦﵹһ飬λʦܹӦ
µǿǷ˲ħùȻ£ɫһϲæʦк£˵޷ҵһ߾ȫ
˼ǰȷʵֻдҪλʦְæˣʦһ֮Ȼ򣬵վĥλʦСܵΣһ˵ţǹһ˿΢Ц


һ ʼĥ
գһ˵ˣФɽҲڴӦ˻ǰæЩصʦ֣һҲ˿ò˺öΣյõĽֻ˵Ժͻ֪ġ
˵ĳŵһҲǻϲѣһ׽ȻܹʩչǲĥɬޱȣٵʱԿ٣ĥҲǴٽķʶ£⼸æ
һϺ÷һҲﵽĿģ̸Ц͸࣬һ֮һŽߣʱǲһֻ״ķ˵˴ûһһȴҲ˿๦򣬹ʶһҲһ硣
֮һصң¶ЦݣǡСҲ˳ҡΣԭһھ
һ΢΢һЦһֱﻹһʺģȻһãҵһ⣬°ɣ˵ţӻȡһö׽ٽһӣһ͸ż׹⣬ȻҲһԵķ
СԿȥֻΪ£ͨ͸͸һ˿صĹΣԵ󷨲ҫ׹⣬һ˿Իõɣһ۱סС׵Ŀ⡣
һССķңߣûôֵǮأСǿŤͷȥֹ
һβС׶ӵϲȴŵĸϲһöģĵ׷һƷȻҲ֪С׶ԣôһ֣ȴôһҲһ֡͡ˡ
Ҳ֪ôһƷ벻СķۣҺòϣǿºˣԺ˸õʱٻˡ˵ţһǿץС׵С
öСҲ֪˵ʲôãһȡǱͬ׽ٽɫȴ΢䣬ʱˢһۣ֪ǺԵʡ
һ׽ٽȡҲûע⵽С׵ı仯趯һ֮δץУڴϣ˫ϥ֮䣬ȻǾʹ
֮ɽϴϷɳĳһȥɵһƬ˸ָ̨ĵط½һͬλھ˭ˡ
ͬյ˿һܵʦܣΪҵϴµõı̨ȻѰʱҲΪĥĳڴȴʱܹ˱䣬ҲǱŲȶɵġ
һԵ˵ͷڵڣܶ鶼ͨǿ߱˵ȨֻܳܡȻȴǲ̫ˣҲֹѰȶΪ˽νй֤ڳȶĽϴ¼ȣᱻһӿ֪֮ϣǰ;ʵĽϣΪ
Զ˽Ѱ˽ìܣ⣬ɲȹ֤ڳʤΪΪܣԼˡ
˽ǰᶼ䳡ԣΪȻҲԸˣ̨ϱӦ󷨣һϢ͵Ҫʧǰһ̱Ὣֿ֮ǿԲϴЩûﵽĵֵܹġ
ȻҲ˵ûвĶ֣һ֣س̶ȣ鴦
һƬ䳡ȥкЩ̨ռݣɵĹΣȻǿ˽˿ҲϾзʲôĶǸ˵ܰˡ
ˣλʦ֣Ҳһ̨ʼɣ
飬ҵһʵı̨ʮʯ̨֮ͬһɵĹֽС
յЦ֪ʦθҵһϣһӵϣ
һ֣֪ԼͬǾķġˡȻжֶΣʲôȴԼܹģԼ⽣ţҲǲһʼһĵġ
ʦ˵ЦˣСܲλʦֹæĥģɲŰģʦǿɵ飬ǻһһ˵ӦΣ
⻰Ҳͷͬ⣬һֵյˣǱմһͷȡõˮзɽ΢΢һЦýʦ֪Ϊ֮ƾľƮ죬֮ʱСġϤһ£ǿʼΣ
һԵ˵ͷ֣׼Ͼͽ⽣ʩչֻǵһлʦָ̣㽫֮ǰĽһ
˹ȻûʩչǷɽϵ󷨶ûпһһ㹦յЦʦܾÿɷʼˣ
һͷˣʦֵĽʦ顣


һ߰ ĥ
ȣһһƣɽһ籼ϬƥһǡƮءܿ㽻֯һɫ⣬ˮƮ٣ʱı㷢ƽȥƽתȻɬת֮һЩͣٶȴԿһÿÿܶ
յ˲һһһˣµ֮Ӧʮ裬ԼȻֻҪóʵˡ˭뵽Ȼ裬⽣ȴʮְٶȿҲ˵һʱҪ˵ȴ
ʦһֽȻ裬ٶȺȴҲǿѹҪĥˣպմ죬ʦҶȻǶյ˳տ޵
һȴ֮һЦʦּЦˣС׽̫£ųٳûţǰúȻ򣬷Ҳʦְæˣ⽣̫裬ﵱʦⷬ佱
յ˼ԼòûеõȴҲ⣬ⲻǾ׽ЩҪѧϰһ˵ÿԼڼȻһԸ˵ϽҲѾͣûοҲû̫
һʦСģЦһ㽫ɽתƮٵĳһ׽ٽƣٶȶǰҪǿһǶ񣬲ϾҲôʽҲոˡ⽣һѹЩ͸
Ȼ֣⽣ֶҲǱ仯ˣþûᵽֱѹŴĸоˣã̫ˣûѹĶҪȻҵ⽣Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻƣһһЦ׽ٽӭȥͷµһҫĸֽ⾳˳һ߶һ
һ־Ȼ˼Ҳ΢΢˱仯ĿʼСʦҲΪһһʱϢһϳһ
ĸʱ֮˷ֱһһĸˣַֽһмܲסǲֶͬζҪһƿҲҪǿϲ٣ǿܹסһǿܹʱĵʺֻǸʮֵѹͬҲǿĶĥĽ
ĳ꣬һоԼ֮һ飬ǱҶǴ֧֮Ųסˡ˼һ֧ôãǰİԼһʮԵĽһ߿һۣٿһϺ֮Сʦˡ
ʦܣ˶һ֣Ϣûָ˹ٿʼΡ˿ڵ
һԣҲ֪Լ˼öٹȵŻָ˼ɫ˵ͷķ˸λʦôʱ䣬ʦȴǹⲻȥһҲãʱҲǲˣǱȥɣ´ʦܽյĳɹҸλʦΣ
⻰˳̣һʯõϼѵĸ߽׷ĲһҲ֮ϤԼķɽȫֶΪ
һͬطϴ£֮ÿգһһĥ˲һ⽣ͻͽʱʹõģȻһͳĳ̶ȣǵ˺棬ǽƴҲֻƴһ£ҪȡʤȴʮΪˡ
ﵽˮ׼֮һһĵҲͽСˣһһԶʽѰ˵ҲûΪһСǣϾҪҪƿȲСһְղŸ
һͬһѹʱͬĥٶҲӣֱһ֮Ҳܽסɴ˲ټһˣ󳹵׽һѹʹһֱѹһ£һĽٶƺȴûһˡ
һգ̨ϣ˶һ֣ĲһССĽ󣬻ΪǣڽͬΪ䣬ʱһ׽ٽѹŴ򣬱෬仯Ҳӳɽѹơ
һ״ŭϲЦлλʦֳ֣տСҳ֣λʦֵĽ󣬺һʦҲš
⻰ҲǹЦǳϵЦͷЦʦܿɲҪţƤˣȻʦһֽޱȣܹ⣬һ֮ҪƿǵĽҿʦܻУʱԳʦˣ
ʲôпԳʦˣҲ̫Сˣ˺þòŲõģʦܹƿûһʦܵĶأǵȵʦΪһЩٹڣٹȺڣϴ¼ҲԴһһĵΪԺ˵
һԹһЦȻˣʦҾͲ


һ߾ 
һһȣϽһ󣬱㽫׽ٽųһҫâֱɱɽɵĽ֮С
ɽһЦĬԼ˱ʵ⽣󷢻ӵãʹ㹻ģܹ׽һѹ
ʦܣҪƳ󣬽컹̫ˣǶĥɣ˹һЦͬʱһߣɽȻ಻Ļ⳯׽ٽѹ
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ʦ⽣ȻٶȴӲ࣬ţű仯СʦҲ֪ǵʦ˫һģΪǱ̵ת˷ʦԣҲ֮仯ʱٲͷǷֻ֮ƣ׽ٽ룬δܶۿҪӳȴֻһתȴٴνС
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һһȣϷٴα仯˫ַɣȻһζַı䶯׽ٽһפת䣬ȴֱʷȥ
⵽ʲô
֪ѵҪƱ̨Ľƣ
ʲôˣҵֻҪţѲãʦֵɾͲ÷ˣ
˵ǣ࣬ɲҪˮˮ˿ɾʹﲻʦܵҪˣ
ԣţǷľǣǳ֣ʦܳԺȥҲ۸ˣ˵˱һЦ
Ȼ˵ȴ˿ңϱ任ŷλҪ׽ٽٶȶϲϣֻǿǿΧˡ
׽һҫ⣬λʦСˣһ˫ǰһһϣָָϵ׽ٽ
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˽һתȴڳɺΧ֮ƣ£С֮ƣҪ׽ٽڰ·ϱ
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ڴʱۿɽΧԽԽСҪ׽ٽס׽ٽɽһȻھԸٵ£һ
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Ҫʲôˣٱ󣬲Ҫˣ
˽һ䣬֮ı䣬ܿ׷ٵ˷׽ٽҪµʱ׽ٽٴת䷽θֱӲ۶һ㡣
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⻰ǰ˸ɸɵĿЦһ£ʱǻҲΪʶˣҵ鶼ȽͶԵΪʲôϾȶǱȶǲˣ˵չ¶ٷ֮ٵˮ׼ٳӣ߾ʲôģָаٷ֮ٵʵһȻ⽣ֻ˵һʱȷʵ׿гЧһҪ˵ܹ׻˭ȴҲǲһġ
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ʦָЦһʦܲǺģʦǷˣջ󣬲ҽúãʱûôˡ
һͷʦ˵ǣʱʦһλʦֵĺһġ
ãģʦֱܹ֣Ӿܳϴ¼ˣҿǵôһأʦֹЦ
ЩŹֵĿһղû˵ʲôǴ˴վһԵʦһɲĿһʦܣĵʲôĽ


һ ̹
⻰һЦݶʱ˿ڵǸʲôʦܳէأҪˣ
ʦҲһ㶣ƺҲԼʵֱ̫ӣ˵ͷ˵ǣʦֵĲԣʦҪֲǣʦˣ˵űҪ
һǰʦס΢΢һЦʦֲˣλʦСôʱ䣬࣬ûѯʹ£ȻʦˣǽջڵģǾ̫Բλʦˡ
⻰˵ʦ֣Ҳ£Ͼ¶ʱ䣬ʱԽԽоǷһУϬޱȡ˶ţû˸ĵ״˰Ʊһܹߣϸͷĸоȫ֣ܹļʿ²ɡ
еĳڣǵһ󾳽棬Ƿʲôģ仯̫ҪľٶȡһʮᣬٶȿɱԷһһֽƲ̸ٶȣԶǵķɽ˵ʱΪûʩչʮǶʾٶȵĶ֡
֮ˣǿֶΣû˭Ҫѧϰһ˽һֻ֮ǰӣ˭˶һֱǳ˽գһԸ˵ĵβһء
һͷҲΪȻ⡶⽣ǴЩʱʹóҲû̫أѰ˼ãͱ˳ЩʱϤһҲʿ˵ƷУǿһ飬˵˵Ҫ˵һԼ̹ˣ˵ûֺܶøУҲǺġ
һ΢΢һЦ˹ֵλʦЩʱҲһЩСǡ⽣ֻǳѧէԶƤëǵüλʦЦųٳû˵λʦֲǣ
ʲô⽣ʦֱǱƢ׽һӾը
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ʦϣʦžܴﵽȳ̶ȣоþõŽǡ⽣Ǵ˵֮뱾ɡܽһȸµĴڡ
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ʦܣʲôˣʮùֶΣʦ֮УԽоĴڣһȷϣæʵ
һ˼һת֪Լ˵ʶĲΣǿǿﵽ˰ٽˮ׼Ҫ˵򣬲͸ȴֻһҫĲΣҡҡͷСˮ׼ܴﵽʮù⣬ǵһһҫˡ
ʦأԵ˵ͷ̾ϢʦҲо׽Ҳûž˳ҲǴ̽˶෽Ϣһ֮ˣܹǿﵽʮù⣬Դﵽٽ⣬ʦҲصģԣܹһҫҲǲʦĸߣ̶ʱҲ˼־裬лʮù⣬´ﵽ֮ǰƾҲܹӮˡ
һʱԼˣԭʦ˵ġ򡱲ͨ˵ԼҲǵ㣬ٽˮ׼ʱһ˵Ҳ֪ѰȻûȤ˵Լֻˡ
Ƭ֮˽Ϣȫ֮˲ûʧȥȤһЦΪЦʦܣȻ£ǾͲҪʦ۸ˣ꣬ҵһģ⽣ϳ˽˿ɲ࣬ҵҲĥˣǵΣǼλʦֵһ£Լˮ׼
һһ㶣˻һ˿Цʦ֣˵Ц˰ɣѵҪһģӲƴô
˼黫һЦԭʦд⣬ˣǾͲˣλʦֵܣһϣԿʦܵġ⽣
һ䣬˶ʱӦĵ𣬳һɱ˹һ״Σֻһ׽ٽ˳ɱȥ


һһ д
һϲ˵Ĺϵ˲٣ȷһǶ֮⽣֮һæҪд衣дͬ˫ſ򣬼֣콣ݣû
һµ֮УΪȫһҫľ磬ʵսд裬˶սȴַԼĲ֮εεĲһ׽Բ
˶ĸʱͣһĥҲͨһġ⽣ԼĽӡ֤һ˫Ϊ㣬һֱг졣
ˣͬ˱̨˷ɽ㳯ϴ·ءԶȥʱһ˳̨ԣΪһɫݣһհбһӸ磬ǵڼǬɽܵĹӸ˭ˡ
ʦ֣СӣΪܹƸ߽׷վȻ֮ԼλǬɽʦִ裬λʦֿǱصӵıʣǾ͵бصӣССһĵӣûȨƣûкֱ̨ʦһҪΪǳͷ
ɫݵʦһЦǬɽǼλʦֶᱻ裬ߺߣСӣ˵СƸ߽׷
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ʦֺٺЦȻˣǾûˣҪСԼܹƣҪܹƣΣСʯһ٣˵ûи߽׷һֵҳˣ˵ţðһ˿â
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Ȼ̲ѣ뵽ԼܹһγҲȻˣæЦŽЩѼһ˵һ֮ôһһϴμϳŵķãкôɵãȴһ̫լҪͲţҪļһͬأûи̽Ļᡣ
ǶеϢҲһԴ֮ӣΪʲôҪŻͲȼܹõˡ
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ȴ˵һص֮У֪ıԼ֪ҲںϾ˼ʲô£Ҫ˵˼֮пŹڵģһ㲻ֵġ
һ㣬úúһȥʱ䣬ֵ˰һεĽ𵤽֮աȻνҲͬÿζ򣬹ʶǴȱϯġ
Ԧ˷ɽһ𽣹䵽֮أʱѾ˺ЩˣǼõﶼѾˣΨÿФɽδ
ʦˣɣ˼һʮȵ
һ΢΢һЦ˹ȥ˼֮ŵΪФʦûйأ
⻰ЦФʦֿиõȥ˴Ȼˣҿ˼λʦֵ飬֪ԭʦպɽҲӦˡ
һڨڨһЦ֪Ѿ֪ˡ⽣飬Ҳʲôʦ˵Цˣ°ֻûһƲġ
⻰ǼλһʦֵҲ˵ЦƬ֮󣬱һǽ𵤵ӽս̫ɽһĽ𵤵ӣǷ֪ȻʾֻǼ򵥵ķȴǱһأһͷҲԭã
ʦ֮󣬽ǽʦȥ˶ЩδһҪȥʱ򣬺һһʦܣԵƬ̣
һЩ죬תͷȥɵüǵҪԼܵǹӸ˭ˣ֮ȻҲԷûʲôΪѾˣռ˶Է˼һת״»ûꡣ
ԭλʦ֣֪ʦкιɰһηѶ˵ˣȻµͷȻ
ǹ»ааһЦ˵ʦ࣬ʶʦдһ֪ʦܸǲҽӰ


һ˶ Ķ
һüͷһ壬Լ֪˲࣬˶֪ɲȴͨ˵֪˲࣬ԼҲûʲôοĸٵĻӦҲܿó˵ĻͲòˣԷô˼̽Լ٣Ӧ׼ˡ
ôʦʲôɻôͬʦֵдһѵʦ㾹Ȼô»Ц
˵ϣѾƵζˣһҲԼĽ벻ͬ˶ǿԼڽĿƣȻûоܾˡ
ȻʦдˣʦȻˣ֪ʦҪѡʱεأһ΢΢һЦ
»һӦˣͷкãѡղײգͽΣǶû˼ǶĶһΣ
ĶһԱ˶Է˼ڵ֮䶷˹˽֮⣬л˫¶ԼĶĶʤߵõעռһ롣ڱֹȶĶڹ£ҲˣٽŨ
һ֪Էϴ֮󣬿Լϵĸ߽׷γ˱⣬ǻ˼ġЦһеĶѵôóģȻҪĶҾĶҵ֪ҵ
뵽һһЦʦ˵öԣж޶оȣǷζֻǲ֪ʦֵҶĶģ
»һЩģ뵽ȴǾŴ˴εļƻģһЦӴ֮һһ߽׷ɽԴΪעΣ
Աڶ֮ˣ־Ͷûɢȥһ»ȡһ߽׷ʱһ˫۷߽׷Щϴϵĵ˵Ǻ˲еϺñˡѰĶû˭ø߽׷עģȺβ˳Ծ˿Сó߽׷֮ȴתһԴӼ֮һҲ΢΢ЩҶ֪óһҪ֪ܹóʲôȼķΪĶ
һǸ߽׷ԾͬʱͷȴҲ˼֣˵߽׷㲻ʲôԷóȴǲСĶע˵˶ԷȻȫ׼ˡԸ֮о֪ɽлƫɽеһ棬Խ𵤣ʿҲͰˣϴϵĹ涨ǲϵĳֵģһҪڶĶ֮УҪ˶ܡʻҪϴ¼ϵĵǰпܡ
һ߽׷Ӧûϴ¼ϵĵӳ֣ǳΣֹܹУˣҲȻòٲǣһ˼һתһЦһʹһһǺݱڣнصϢõȻûд߶󣬵ƣ㲻ȹ»ͷķɽ˰֡
ȻʦֻԸһɽˣʦҲֻѡһˣҪɣ߽׷ɽʦ⣡˵ţһΪѵĳ֮ɫзɽ
˵˼һһץڶɽǳԾĽĻǹ»ɫЩò״ǬɽŪעķɽڶԷô࣬һ֮˿⣬һǶصϡ
»ҧгݵãʦܣ㾹Ȼô౦˿ʦҲСˣǽƵʱ̨ϼʱʦһ˶עʦܲҪˬԼǡ˵꣬»һתȥˡ
Է߷ȥһͬʱͷһ˿⡣ǱΪʲôģԼܻӮ˶ԷƫƫҪԷֱûȤ͹ֲԼȶһϢˡ
öԼ£Ҳɢȥʱ̸նĶģ˿һսӦû൱־ˡ
ɢȥȴʦҪȥô
һͷԼѾˣвȥ֮
˵ЦʦòصģʦܵʵǲСģһսֻպܳϴ¼أ
ԣԵͷʾͬԡ
˵ϴ¼Щ뷨һҲ֪Լĳ̶ȣֻÿЦǴȤˡ
һҹһûΪڶĶĶʲô׼һ㣬һ㾶ڶգ֪쵽ʱų˶ң˿Ӱ΢΢һЦǱ̨ȥ
֮ʱѰ̲ܼı䳡͵ˣһԶʹñ̨ģȻιıȶġ
ӭˣͬФɽС
ʦܣ֮ЩΣС°ɣ˶ֻǿһФɽȿ˿ڡ


һ 
һһ㶣ЦлʦֹģȻ֮ұ裬ֱȻ׼ˣʦҲһ£Щʱյĳɹ
Фɽ˵ͷҲοʦ⽣Ҫ˵ҲǺѵģСһЩˣ
һ˹֣㳯վ˵̨Էȥֻǹ»Իվһߴӣǰձ»ʦ˭ˡ
ʦּһˣɫɵһ䣬ǹ»ûʲôӦһŵֱ߽׷ϣʦܣ߽׷еĴóɣǶˣ
ܱ˼߽׷Ȼ֪к߽ܶ׷֣ȴҲɳԾѡһ¶һЦݣʦֿ˵Цô
»ΪһҪأɵɫѿ˼֣ߵôţʦҪԼôٳԼѵ𣿡
һٺһЦһڵİ˰֣»ſԱȣʦ˵ЦˣʦôԼֻʦǰʦóд仰ʦҾȤˡ
ʲô˼»ͷоԾɫ΢
һһЦһӣУذףһʮηɶϺõķշֺԼоȫ
ʲô»һԾĿһУţ֪Ϊʲôһ˵ˣһǴϣΪԼ㹻ĶʣڱУǲֵһᡣ
һֽЦʦ֣㿴ЩȻǼ߽׷ֵûģˣ߽׷ҵͬڰ˾żĶЩ˵ȥɣλʦֵܣ˵ǲǰ
һ˱֣β뿴ķȻ˺һšСòˡù»ɫֱ֮ͨɷס߽׷ķɽүү̣òŵõģҪٳＯȴǧѡ
ôʦ֣ѵҲ෨ˣ˵ĻǾͶˣʦ˵ѹ˿ɾͲˣһ˵֮е˼ȴʮơ
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һ΢ǳвȷһĴҲЩоֻΪû׼ưˣļʶȴһ۾˳
һХʦܾΣɵֵùļ߽׷ˣʦֹǵ
һü˵ͷȵˣҸֻǲ֪λʦγƺôһк˼
ҽ磬ڳ˼ǼϲҪʦܶһİˣûһԴСĸо˵ţܿһȥʦԸ⣬ҾΪעҶ˶ĶʦֵܲҪֲǡ
һ⻰һоԷƺʲôˣԼһģתͷȥֻ˵һмĿ磬üͷ壬΢΢ҡͷʾ⣬ΨФɽ̹Ȼվԭأǰ˷紵һ㣬һתͷſڴʦܣ磬ϴڵ֮еĸ֣ųϴ¼ʵʮҡ㲻Ը⣬㲻ӦˣĶԸû˸Ϊġ
һԣʱͷ˴룬ɵĿ¾ⲻɽ¶ˮФɽФʦ֣£ϴ¼ĵһĿ꣬òϴ¼ŵʮˣȻôһᡣ
תͷһۣһ˫һУʱıӿͷ΢΢һЦԭʦ֣ʦֿܹϴ¼ĸ֣յüȴʦʧˡ
˵˵˿Ϊ⣬ˮ׼ӵ۹Ҳ˷ֺɼƤ֮ĳ֮ڡ
һԷعȴҲûܱˣǼöԷƤҲݷѡͷ뷨֮˿ˣŻ˵ʦַ飬ʦҾȴ޲ɣʦһҪ󣬻ʦִӦ
籾ֻ˳ֱˣһڶķҲģܹõ˵ܻһ£ʱϴ¼͸ϣˡνΪΪʳһóԼõɽΪעҪһٵõ档
ʱһӦȻҪͷȴǻϲʦ˵Ǻ޲ɣ


һ ⷨ
һָָгʦֿҪɽע
˵ͷǣѵʦлжʣʦɽѵ㹻ô
һҡͷȻˣʦСܶʱҪʹô˽
ΪΣü˵ʵǿ󣬵Ҳ﷭һɽ֣ȻʤʴοϷ
һҲԷĲԸ⣬˹ֵʦˡСܲ񣬴˽ȻǶעҪʤУ𻵣ʱСҿǲעŶ
⻰ܿ㽻ͷӶȻ˾һ֪Էʵ»˵⻰ЩſˣҲˣעһ˵ǲ֮ʹõġ
⻰ɫ˼֣ʦܺôĿѵΪԼʵܹӮȡɽô
һһЦʦ˵ЦˣСұ֤ܴʦӮһ֣һһʶʦɽˣʦֲţΧλʦֵܣǶȻҲС˵ġ
ɨһܣϸ˶ʱһЦλʦֵܣ˭ģĻǰ˵һ˵
˲ǿ֣ûϵҶԷʵǿԸΪν磬׷׼ڲᣬֻĬĬĿų϶ˡ
һůҲָ֪ˣ΢΢һЦû뵽ʦֻˣС
ϼ޻ƤҲȳǽܲһһ伥һЦʦܿˣȻû˾úʦҾֻܡ
˵һһţʦܹȻǺ磬ʦܶ˵ģФĳͿȥˣҾʦܵʦܽɽ򡭡
ҪʲôȻФɽЩɵ
ФɽЦһʦֵģֻҪְʦܸʦĶһˡ
㣡ɫһ䣬ŭĿФɽã޺޵һ֣ɽϼһЦȻʦʦȻӣʦֳ֣ԴСɾͲˡ
νҪƤɣ˲Ҫ޵СѾﵽҪþ磬ȻԼԴСʼФɽ
ФɽҲ첻⣬һʦܿɻʲôҪ󣬾˵ǺʦܶȻһӦˡ
⻰ɫѿ˼֣Ҳ֪ԼФɽĲ࣬ܵõԷֵĳŵѾܲˣﻹ˵ʲô
һƳһۣҲ˼ֲ²⣬תͷФɽлʦ֣СҲûбҪˣʦָþòƽˡ
⻰ļ˶˳һܹϴ¼ĵһŵĵӱԣƽǱЦˡ
Фɽ˵ͷһСģŻص󷽡
һڵȻʦԸ֣ҿʦ־Ͳϳ˰ɣʦΣ
⻰Цʦ˵ҲǣʦܾһԿűǣʦһʤҲô鷳
⡭»Ҫ˵ʲôȴձһ۶˻ֻͷǣ˵һߣԭԼܹӮһܵЩôǲвֵģһ˳֣ôҲȫȥܲһȺȶ˵ˡ
ϣϵ̨ϣƿΪֻ֤ǿΣûнģˡ
̨֮ϣһҲһĨͳ׽ٽ̧ḧʱһ߲ƶʮһһ𣬶ʱȫˣгɳ磬һȵФɽԾˡ
찡ʮ󷨣֮ⷨеĶ֪ⷨﴫһʱ
Ҫ˵߽׷ʮѵõĻǶֻⷨδεĴڡȻȴǱټƷΪǬɽϣҲûٶⷨĴڡ˵ⷨô󣬶ΪⷨζŶգڷ׶δﵽһֶˮ׼ûʮĥ˭Ҳ˵Լܹĳһ׶ܹﵽ⣬ʮĥʿѽӣ˭˼档ʶֻⷨǴ˵֮дڵġ
Фʦ֣ǶⷨôȻ֪һֶ˵ãⶥⷨҲɵóԾѡ
Фɽüͷλʦܲز©⽣һ־׵ֶΣ֪ʲô˳ԾûС


һ 
ФɽĻ˶׷׵ͷʾͬУйƢΪʦȴЩʦܻǲ˼ܹƶⷨȴֻ˸߽׷
ָҡͷŰţ̰İⷨô򵥵ģʦΪɽֻǻѪҼܹƳ㻹͸㣿
ʦ㶵࣬ʲô˼
˺ٺһЦһⷨ۸²һ˶٣οʦͷĿܴﵽʮ󷨣Ƕ֮жҪ㶥ģ˵˵Ҫʯ˻ࡣ
ʦֲǵĹϵѵʦܾͲ͸ô
һѵŽ̲ĵıǸľͷôһⷨ㣬Ҳô鰡
ʦ֮⡣ߣǼɻǷǵһƸ߽׷ĺôʱ˶ɽ»û취ˡ⣬ֻһСĻ߻ħǲǵòʧء
еʧʦֶʱ֪߽׷Ѿ㹻Լˣⷨãȴôõġ
ȴ˵ϣһϵ׽ٽ˫۶ʱų˶ڶⷨ˽ǬɽҲЩϵ˸֪УһܹƵ϶ģǷʮѵúͱĶѰʦܹõһĦģ£˵ܹãֶΡʶֶ⼶ĶǷ͵ʦУֵԲһнϵ¡
һֳ׽ٽһ۱㿴ԷеζһЦʦֿǶСѽ뷨㹻ĶʣСҲöⷨΪע
⻰粻ڣΪɽһƶϴﻹʱ׽ٽֻ۲ˣ˼һ֪ɷҽɽʦⶥⷨģҶҪΣ
һ¶һЦݣʦ֣˵Цѵ㵱˲ɣСϾôһ˳ַҪעͻעɽʱʹã͸ʦأ
ԼƱʶƣ˿ΣЦȻʦܲԸͰˣܵõʦЩҲ㹻ˡ˵ţһĴһɳȻһ߽׷ɽֻߵ󷨣ǱȲһĵĸ߽׷ɽˡ
ʦܣ̨ϵۣһСʦܣǾͲҪʦĺʦԸ䣬Ҳ⣬ֻҪ϶ȥˣֳֳȻѭա
һЦһָʦ˵úą̃ϵۣҲطϻʦҲСʦ֣ʦҲֱǣʦǰСܲд󣬻ʦָָСܵĽɣ˵ţֱһ𣬱׽ٽʱֱ֮ȥ
Ȼ˿࣬ȴûһ᲻ս˰װ϶ͻȻ֣ȴҲһƻֽ̧ɽ˳ȥʱ׽ٽɱһ
ʦֺýȻܹϴ¼ĸ֣СһԷϽ׽ٽַ˵˻Ҫһ˿ȻƷе£ʵȴʵʵڵġ
⻰ȻҫĸоֻһЦͷԾҪⲻ֪ߵغʦһѵսʤ֮ȥȡҪ
һ𻰣ȴһЦ촽һ¶ֵ׶
һ䣬׽ٽٶȶʱһ࣬ǶԷɽ֮󣬾ȻѰ˿ֱȥ
籾һ಻ţȴһ񣬷Ҳôʱ䣬ʶУһֳֶⷨԼĶ֡Ȼ٣˿Ӷ׽ٽȴǽһͻٶȼﵽͨٶȣǲطԼȻᱻɽˡ
Сӣʶʶ֮Ĳɣ֮綯ƿ
ֻһȣǱ׽ٽԶԶ˦ںķɽ⾹Ȼһ𣬷ɽһƬҶһ㣬ٶȴҲʱһȻʮ֮׽ٽ׷ϣɽٴνɱһ
ףƺ֮Ƿ֮һ΢üͷ磬û뵽ԼʽһվıǱԣ˵Բǰȫǿ󣬵ٶȶԣԵ֮ȴǲѷɫ⽣١
ԼֶθʱһѾüͷչԹԵ˵ܹͬǱԵķԽһһĻᡣ


һ 
ʦܣⶥⷨȻϬ֮ƺҪӮһаʽ̫ˡʦֵĻú̲ǣЩѧѲǰ׽ô
һЦϷһ䣬һɽҲȻ˿һ㣬תһ֮УϷֳ׽ٽ
һŲңһУ׽ٽҪطڴʱȻ磬дŽ⣬˿˿Ƶķн׽ٽסûط
ʦܷģɽǶⷨûôױ򻵣ֻҪҽӡĥȥʱͳΪֵսƷˣһúϧġ˵ţ¶һЦݡ
⻰һΧ۵˶֪뷨ҪӮø߽׼˵ڲһʵ֮ҪűȶĻᣬ׽ٽΪսƷ
ûôף׽׶ƿ
һһȣ𽣾ʱ׽ٽϽĹâȻʮһһķ⣬γһߣ͵ĴܳǻĿȥ
׵ԵĶⷨã̫ˣһҪõ˷粻ĥ׵磡
׵Ե߱٣ʶԵķٵĿܴﵽ⼶ģ÷ëҲΪֵڸԶβϲͷǴҪһߣǿ߶ֱ죬һӷпըҪγɵĵߺơ
һ״һЦ˫һһγ״˲ſը
ըһ˻ĵ˲һִӣ͵һȻȭͷСһž·﷭һ㡣ûȵ˻عǹ͵һţһ֮󣬾Ȼը˿绡׹֮ϣǷƶʱһŤɢ¶಻ɵķ϶
ûᣡһһת׽ٽٶ͵һᣬ׵һ㣬򣬴ӷ϶֮д˳ӽ⣬һ㡣
ʦֹȻԽʹõ˳֣ʦҲһ£ѵǷԽ֮еġƪһ׽ٽУ΢΢һЦ
籾һб׽ٽ˳㽫һܣû뵽ԷȻ㱬ѵֶΣӲ˳źͬʱҲһ˼֣ʻааһЦʦܹüʶǡƪһа˷粻֪ʦܸоΣ
һ죬ȴûֱӻش𣬷⡶ƪĽǸ߶ˣʮֲѣСܼ֮Ϊֻ̾ǿϧû˽ռôȴû̫źˡ
Ŷ˻üͷ΢
һһЦν棬СܾǼ治˷粻ʶûź
籾һҪ佱һȻںԷĿޣȴҲԸܣ̶ĻͷͻȻӿһŭһø治ҵҪʦܺúһ£Ƿļ治ɱ£ɱ
壬Ǹ߽׷ɽ¶ʱȴ˲ͬһɷ׵Ľйڷɽ֮ϣиҶһ㣬ɱ֮˲
һ΢΢һЦһܺãսĿʵԼѧʤʮ⣬ŭӳʵ浶ǹĸһԼʵ
ɱ£ýʦҲˣ׽һҫ⣬
׽ٽϵžֱ죬˲㻯һ۷Щ˽Уʩչɱµķɽȥһ⻯뽣ƴһ죬ըһɹϸɳʯŪͬǧսһ㡣
ʩչɱ¾ɱģȻԲɱƣȴΪ߹һӲƴȴǷ⣬һЦһֽʩչʱ𣬶ʱԳΪģ֮γһһнϲɵҪ׽ٽС
һ仯ȴǲң̧һָ׽ٽϵݺύ˲㲼ΣһŤǻ׵Ľα׵һ㣬ŤתۣѸײڶ֮ٴĿ϶ܽܳ磬ת˲棬ֱӳɽȥ
⣬ʲôôܴﵽôٶȣѰʹѣ׵֮ٶ죬Ѱҵķ֮ٶȿ죬ѵ羪Ŀǻ׽ٽһҧæת佣ʱɢǸ߽׷ɽವĳ𣬾һ˹ȥ
ʹõĵʲôôôٶȣңңָһʵ


һ ۵糸
һԹһЦʦֲһ£Ϊ˸ʦʾǿС⽣ܴﵽʲô̶Ȱɣ˵ţ𽣾׽ٽһָǻ׽ٽವĳ˹ȥ
һȻش𣬸Լ˹Ǻͷ򵨱һ̧һָ˲УԾٶȳ׽ٽ˹ȥȻ㲻˵Ҿͱ˵ȻΪԼٶȿ죬Ҿ㿴ҷԽٶȸ죬֪ʲôзۣ
ãɽŽʣѸײڶٶȺһ𣬺֮ڿƴϰټǣɱǽ죬Ľ
粻ܹϴ¼ĸ֣һַƵĽٶޱȣʽʽ֮侹Ȼһʹ׽ٽѹŴʮײ֮ба˴𣬸ܹܿһ֯Ĺ˼١
һƣ˵ʱҪƷߣ˳ԾǣһûһΪһ˿Ц⣬·õʲôöһ㡣෴ȴΪԼʩչ˾ܽһ£üͷ
ף㿴ʦʲô˼ٶƺ𵱳ҪһЩѵͻƣˣΪûһ㾽أǱѹŴأʦֲʵ
ˣˣʦֺʦֶҡͷ֪Ȼһһ£չǰһȣ˭ҲὫȫѹȥģʱһٶҲ»һЦȴЩղסˡ
ѵʦʲôü
¶һȻı飬Ŀ˳ϵһһۣһˣˣʱÿʦܶ飬ÿÿʵҲʮֿ٣ѵʱڽĥԼĽҲ̫˰ɣ
һֱĬФɽڵʦܣ֪Ļ̫٣ʱ֪ǣٵ̶ȣİ֮£Ĵ˴ġ
⻰ҲͬУۿϵ
̨֮ϣɫΪѿһʵʮɣɽʹþֻа˳ɡΪԸһĳʵԣʩչʵȻû£ԷĽҲõФɽһĴ𰸡
һ³á֣ʱչɽ֮У˲䣬ǱһķɽٶȻһأɶ֮ʱȻиıһݺݵĻ׽ٽϣ֧һ׽ٽʱýࡣ
ʦǵСĥҲһ̵ļҲϴϴˣ
һԷֶα仯ͷϲ˫ǰһϣһչ㹻ʹ׽ٽǿ֧ǰſ΢΢һЦû뵽ʦֶ˸˿ʦҲòȫˣȻʦֵٶȽۣСܾ΢չʾһʲôе糸ɣ
һϽɣһӵķ֮ϵı׽ٽһ⻪ǵ˲ָԭ״˻˻³һ׽һ㳯罣˹ȥΧۿˣֻһ绡㲻׽ٽڣֱһÿУһһƣӰһƬ
⵽ʲôٶȣǱٹܹﵽٶô̫ˣ
ĽǡƾǷԽ֮Уļ֣ܹﵽȳ̶ҲǸôܴﵽˮ׼õĵʲô
׵֮õĽ׵֮Խôٶȵô
һֱ֮һֶε˼˳ĬԣȻȴ֮ͥʩչ⽣ǲܱ̫ãȴǲسġ
Լʩչ߳ɣӽʱǿʵʩչĽҲܽһ£ɫ˼࣬ۿһȵ⽣ӣȻΪ꣬ΪѧĽһѧˣ㲻Եôܣ
һʶƣҲ⣬һЦάʦּЦˣС⽣ǳƤëʦָǡ
һһǫ飬翴ǹǽƾٶȺ͹֪Լȫ˳ʩչҲһܹһҪܣҲֻпǱƴôһ·һʮѿ⣬Ըǣܳʱһһթͷĵ
һЦʦ˵ĲȻҪĥǾҪȫҾرʦһȿбȽʦܽаɣ˵ţһ˦һ⻪԰Ľ⳯һֱ


һ˰ ֿȭ
ͻһ֣Թ۵˷׷׾ѣԸŲõĵӾȻʹֶΣԾ۸ԷΪ̫޷һʹ̫෨ֱ͵Ϯûʲô
һ޳ܡ˷˵ɫҲ˲Ψһվԭأû˿ľФɽˡ
Фɽ˵صģʦֶΣ
˵⻰ϸȥŷһ˿Ծ˵ǵ⻹ࡣ
޳ܣһҲĵˣ޳ܵطҲһЩϲͻĽ⣬ŲҵһĨһͬƵذУһת˳ȥһ͵Ϯķɽײһ
ʦ˵ǣȻʦԸСȻ㵽ףֻϣʦֲҪڲأ𣬸ը
ذһըֳڣϵ߸ߵ󷨣һ㳶һ⣬ȻһԷǸ߽׷ذס
ذǷɽײһǰһ̣ߵϵĵ⾹ȻΪһм⣬͸űѵĹâ͵ıǷɽϣһӵĴ֮󣬱Ӱߣһ˻߷ɻһУһ˼ֱ֣ӱըʮɣײ̨ϣڵء
ôܣܹʹ籾ʹһһϷԷɽҲ࣬ͷҲûбõģʶһɽҲûʩչʲôֻǼ򵥵Ĵû뵽һȻҲʹ˲䷴Ӧ⽣ĽһٺԼķɽ͵Ϯ
һЦһٻذףһһ㽫ذױ˼֣㹻˫Ų̤ŷУӸµĿʦֲҪָСôΪλ֣Ŷ֪ˣʦָ߷ڣҪȳ֣ˣҾͲˣʦֽаɣ
һ̧һУʩչ˾ٶ罣ƴһ׽ٽʱһ⳯ɱ˹ȥ
վͬվܹȫĿƷɽȱǱ岻ܵʺϴֻܹʹһıٹʿ˷˱岻ȱ㣬ʹɽʱ򣬻ܣǹؽϡҲһʱɽвڳԸ
һб仯ѽһһ˵Իŭɱ׽ٽȴǲ˿⣬һйǷ罣һȡһȼӵӵķɽæȥձ˿ȥ׽ٽըɢʯȴǲٴϣһҳΪǱ
תͷݺݵĿһһۣһ֮滰ûܽһٷԶԶӿж罣֪ΪΣȴûеõȥ׽ٽȻٴ罣һ𣬻˵ʱ׽ٽѹûƵķ罣
ôܣұĵʲô˼һתͷȥֻһöԼ磬ҫ׹ηĸԼʱһǰעĸַȵ㾹ȻԼȻʹöעãȻҪˣͲҪҲˣ˵ţһɽУֱ̧˳ֱһȥ
Χ˶ʱһķŪЩͷԣһȣҲΪһ֮ǰĶעΥԼʹɽҲû̫롣ڳ֮УΨһõļɫţФɽҲüͷ׼ʱһ㡣
һ¶һ˿أķɽĵĲԼϾǽ֮ʹ÷ʹɱԼΪѵֻʹʲôֶζԸɽȻһ֮ǹһüƵЦлȻˡԭͿԼһǡ롱ǰעõзǰһֻΪ˸ʹĽڰˡ
ãȻǺ޳֮ˣֻҪɽҴܣ֮ʲôʤΪΪܣ˵ʲôûˡĲˣһ͸һѵ֪ʲô
˼һתһѾѡ˰취˫һգ˫ֺʮһüĿʼת˫磬˫ۣ󵽴˫֣ʹһ˫Ʊͬƽһ㡣һ촽΢ǺʮĻƽ˫־ȻԭСһɰ죬ǽɰˡ
һһΪ˵Ϊʵʲ˲ɣΪʩչʲôֻԼ֪еķͬѰҪΣѵʱ佫٣Ҳ󡣲˵£ŽѾȫ㹻ˡ
˳ԾĿ֮УһҲȡκη䶼𣬽֡ȭӭɽץ˹ȥ


һ˾ ֡
һĻԹȺ֮зһ
ҪʲôѵΪֶܹУɲǷ֣ôֶܿɽ
ûϵı仯ôһһżǿķ
ߣ˭зܹɽģħʿҲɽֻסΪħʿô
ħŲвУŲ֮ط˵һֵܹأ
ܣܣ
Щۣǰ˵ɫ䣬̩ɽһФɽҲޱȣһ˫۾ƵĿ˫֣˼ʲô
һĻ¶ţԼɽ񶼲˵ССһ˫ˣͷЦСӣҪ÷ҵɽȻŽɱ㣬ҽ͸һÿ˫֣ҵҪ㻹š
һʱͽ״̬һͨҲ˵ı飬ﶼһһУǹһصЦݣ촽һ³֣
֣Ⱥ֮һ춯ü˫ƵĿһĽɫƣһ߶߶˵ʲôƺ˵⡰֡˭Ҳ֪ʲô֡ʲô
һ˵ôһţһŭȵװŪʲô֣ҸгɼצˣϷɿһֱһɽϸһУȻˡƾַ
һĻһǵЦݻһЦһ̨֮е⣬ֱӴ뾭֮У˫ֹȥ˫ָǵͬȣֱӳɽץ˹ȥ
ڴΪѪȳʱȴǴһײһľ죬ǵɽȻȽץסˣȽֻһǳǳĺۼûһѪ
׽÷ɽǲ֣ܼ֮һʱȺ֮˲ȥΪʵʱǼġ
ϵԼɽȻıʲô֡ץסŭһ˫ַɲֹһԳɽһһȽֵֵһȻǷɽһײ
һһЦһֻȽ̧͵һġֻȽֵѹ£ǳķֵܹܿ㱻˫һϣѹСڴʱһ仯ĽֹЮڷ֮У˳ŽעģڷɽϣɽϵĹ⻪
һһж˫ƺ;֮нУ˿û¶һҲνġ֡ʲôã綼ֻܸоԼɽĸӦԽԽСƺʱҪϾ
ɽһοʧȥе㵽ʲô콫ҵķɽ
һüͷĵʦ֣СʹõĿɲǶעõķ׵֮ѵ㶼ô˵ʦʹˣЩҲӦġ
ԣϷɽץͷŭڣҪѪ۽еСӣңٽҷɽҪ㲻ú
һȴǻδţ̾ϢһڽˣʵӦýɽʦ֣һɽǶעٽʦʹãʦ񲻺ã˵һξеڶΣ˵ǽͲˣ˻ݴСУñԽʦʤȻСܽҵʤĻû˵ȴǲԶˡ
ˣٻңҪͬ⣬ûõķҲǰֻúвϡ
˫֮һ˿¶һǵЦŨ˼֣˫һɣʧǣ㻯ʲô˵ĳҪһƴһ㡣
һˣͷһһֱһԵȥ㽫絲סʩչųһ磬Уƿ嵽һǰ
һһ˫ƽɢȥСֻͷɽȴǰ޹أһ·봢֮Уٲˡ
״磬һ¶Ц⣬һָ׽ٽһ׹⣬ʹķɽ䣬תͷ磬һʦʵ߳СҪһʤСܾҪһʤˣʦּ°
׽ٽֱɱȥкܸߺԶͣסһĻ˵ˣ˶֪⵽ʲô˼
ͷһ˿⣬ǰĲ޳ܣһ˿ȴ⡣
ʦ֣СƤëʦָһҫ⣬ɱ


һ Х
ɱֳڣһɱһðǹЦĺ⣬һ˵ɱ⣬ĵȴ֪ŽڣԼǲɱԷȻԷԼɱ⣬Լ޶ԣͲһԼˡ
ʦ֣ߣֻһûĺ˾͹ֲʦҳˡҪ˫֣ҾͶ֫ɣ
ţһһָ׽ٽʱҫͣפĽ·ĸƿ֮֮ԽԽȻһƬںﵽʱǿ׵ɲǲû죬һ㣬⾹ȻѰٶȡ
һĻУޡŭָӵĸʱһٶҲӵйֻҪɽϲܹﵽȴڱп˻ԼĶ֡£ɽ֣ǵȼһķûһ벻ʲô취Կ
£ЦٶȵķɽһѰֵܹģǻһⷨķ»ࡣЦɳʱ̾ǶԷáר޷ޱȵķɽǼֱΪ
䣿ͷ˲Ժ֮вܿͱǾʹ䣬˳ЦС£ɽʹʵ½ϴ¼ﵽڣ뱾ڣҲѰӣʮֲԸ⡣
ֱ£׵ķɽһ˿ҳͷͷһһԵķɽѸʩչһ籩͵һԪ籩뵲סƬ̣Ҳ׽ٽ㳯һԵķɽ񱼶ȥ
һǹЦʱ뷨ʹˮ䵱Ҫҧ㣬ԺҧʱӦ顣̧һָذ׷Ѹײڶٶ׷磬͵һ»Ǹ߽׷ɽϣʱʯɳ𣬶ý֮һҰ׽Ӱõɶһȥ
翴һĻ·ɽϵá⽣ʹذֻĿĻһС
ֵ˵еķɽһпɣַҲУ¼ȴϡƽϧ˲أ
üѪĻᶼһѡ񡣲ڣû˵һֵʱ򣬱׽ٽٴδ֮˹֮У˵ʲôܹˡ
һԹĿһһۣ֪һҪնݳҪԼˣòôһǱڵвȻһжףʱﻹʲô취ֻƴ߶ɽ񱼶ȥ
һһЦʦԭҪұһٶȣ˱ʦּһСһҫﵽʲôˮ׼
׽ٽһ۱׷ɣһֽɣƳȦӣ׽ٽľȴԽԽûеʱ䣬׽ٽֻһԶܹо׵֮
䣬䰡罫ڿйĶҪķ
һװû׽ٽɱ˹ȥĿ˫ֻ֣Ҫ˫֣鵤ҩϣպҲо޴Ӱ죬ܹ𵤣ȥٻһ㡣
ڴʱһХԶűһȵˣ
һüͷһ壬֪˶ȻǾġն޸ַ緶ǽղѵպһ뵽һͷҲأɵûָһ׽ٽնȥ
׽ٽնϵʱȱŭ𣬴ͷˣͬʱһ촫̨ĽȻ˲ƣһ˽Ȼ˿ѷɫٶҪס׽ٽ
һüͷһ壬һϽһ䡣׽ٽʱʮתۣǵɽתһ͵նȥΪþȵ˫ն¡ʱѪ̨һء
һŭӳ̨ϣ嵽ߣסͶϵ棬ѪҺ˲ֹͣתͷһһһٵˣΪλ֣
һһ۱㿴ԷûʵӦϴϵĵӣʵӦñǿ˲٣ǼѶԸֵȼֶҲ¡
׽ٽվԭأһ˵ʦֶĶд裬ΪǰǴ̨Ǻξģ
û뵽һȸ״ŭδɱ⣬ȵøĶȻǵüѪֹҺХĶݣ˵ŽһߣὣҪǰ
ڴʱһӰͻأĳ֣Фɽüͷ΢ĿһۣǺХʦܣǰһ𣬽ɺá


һһ 
һŭݣһµĺХȻվŭȵФɽѵֹң
ФɽԵ˵ͷʦܣȻżȨͻȻȶҪֶԸӣ»˹ذɣ
ХһҪ˵ʲôزصģĺԸͬŵӾȻֺ飬οʦѾ䣬֣ѵǻ˹أ
Фɽתͷһʦܣһ°ɣ
һ˵ͷǰ˹֣䳡ϣǵۣԹȻһ˵ڳϣ˭˸ҲУҵûʦֵ֮ԡοȫ֮£˭ܱ֤ʱ֡ѵҲйС֪ܲʦкεȨޣεʦҲǲܰɣ
һ˵꣬Фɽ˵ͷתͷǺХʦ˵ͱըһƬҲοȫֲ֣أ
ХŭȵƱ磬ǽƱ磬û䣬ֲǽƱ磡
Фɽüͷһ壬ʦܣΣѵҪ֣˵һ˿Ʒ˳Ȼ⺫Х޼
Хɫѿ˼֣ȻʲôҽˣȻŲʣ˵
ФɽٴοһҪһĽ͡
һҪڣȴһ㶣ɫܿһ֣չλʦԺεѯң
ХһЦϴ¼ϵӣ֮ϴϵм֮ȱȶҲҹ֮£ʲã˵ţͳһλΣǽϴĶϴһ޶ϴ¼ϵӵ֤
һ֤һ˹֣һʦ֣ŵ˵ʦִʱʾƣС֪ܲʦֵݣ֮ǰС֪һˣԾҪͣĻǱźα͹䣬ҺȲˣ
㣡Х뵽һ֮󻹸ţ⻰Ȼ̱ʵʵûвȴҲ޴¿ڡ
һ̨´ʦ֣Ҫʦ֮¾Ȼʦֵ˫֣Բԭ£
˿ȥȴǹ»ɫЩĺ˵ʱԿĻǵڶľˣ߽׷ע˴иһţˡʶܵʲôХվԼһߣź
ХҲץһؼҪڣȴǱһˡ
һٺЦĿ˹»һۣȿڵʦ֣ɲܹСܣֻ˵ʦֳ̫ͻȻСܻΪʲôǿҪֶԸңʶò鼱˺֣Ҳֻ׼ŻŻʦֵģϾûʲôޣαضʦ˫أ˵ţһ̾Ϣƺһ㡣
Լ־ȻԷ¹ʲԭ򡣶ԺХ˵һҵζɲܡһ˲ǵͨ죬һָһˣ㾹ңҲʬΣ˵ţĽ⳯һȥ
һȴõʵޱȵǽǽֻǻĿ֮ߣһǽסٲܴȷʵФɽˡ
ФɽҪʲôѵҪΪôХȵ
Фɽ񽥽ʦܣٲס֣ͲҪ㶯֣ҪҶˡ
ФɽȻƽͣȴ޵͸һ˿⣬ʱǺХѹһջأŵФɽҲ˵Ҳʦˣ㲻һҲݵġ
һԻڶУФɽݸ˼ֻ֣ǺХȻ˵ӲɵɫζФɽʵλ⺫ХҪߣ˵ʲôͲˡ
Фɽü˵ͷǸһȻλʦ֮Ľսʦܻʤû飬һȻʦܵλӣϴ¼Ҳյˣʶ⴦Ƕעʦܻкο˵תͷһ
һ֪ʱԼһ£̾˿˴αԣʦشˣǷɽҶˣǸʦΪ֮ðգ
⻰֪Լɽʹ˱ȡˣǻмѵ磬ʱģһѪ˹ȥʡ¡ǹ»ȻǶԲظе˼֡һһ仰ȴҲ˫ͨ졣
һĿ˹»һۣʦ֣뽫ʦְɣЩעӴˡʮ⣬ƺڷԼĶʵЩԼĶء


һŶ 
ЩעҵĶô֧ܽ䣬Բܣ»Ъ˹ĺǾһ֪ԼԶԶһĶֵĻͳȥˡ
⻰ǺХüͷһ壬ڵʱΪ΢֮ҪֲҪά֮ͬеĵӰˣ»綼Ƕ֮еԭסӣȴǲ֪δˡ
⵽ô£Хۿһ
һҲĽ˵˸տڵһĶʦ֮еģȻʤˣЩעȻ䡣ҾǼʦֻ֣Ϊ˲һȴʦûʲôϵԣǼǽʦְɣ
һⷬ˵ĺǱ濴ҪʴݷʵȴֻԼ֪ƵҲܹ³һҲῪڣֻðĿһһõļֱ޷졣
Фɽڵʦһȴǲģʦܣأ
ХüȻļƲȴЩıζУŵҲܣҪܵθһ֮²ʹ˰ݵġ
Фɽ΢΢һЦʦܿڱտھҪ˴αҵļ֮£˵㣡
Хһݣ˵ȴФɽһģʦܼȻ˿ڣȻҪһӣֻǲ֪ʦҪι
ХûϵôһתۣͷֻһһصĽѵȴûõһʱ֮ԭأβŵһҪһͷȶҶº֣֣Ȼϱ֮磬վ̫Ѫȡ
⻰һͷ֮Աǣźɱľʱ˵ʲô̫ѪȣǺ˵㡣ʱԼǲ¶޵ѶԸڶФɽФʦ֣֪δСԸܴ
⣡Фɽһ㶣û뵽һȻԶڣ֪һҲǸ̨ףҺƬ֮ɫͻȱȶ֮ʱзʦʦˮ׼ıԣжӳ棬̫˺֡ҲˣȻʦԸ췣ʦֵҲƫУҴ뺫ʦٶͷɣ
ФɽתͷԺХʦܣ㿴ʦ̬˹Ըܳʹ֪к뷨
һФɽ˵ʱ򣬺Х˺ö෨ӣʱ⻰ݺݵĵм뷨һߣȥʦһ֣Ǿ䣬սӮõĶעǳʹ͵ħ߷£ǸĹ£֪Фʦΰ
Фɽƽ͵ݣ˲¶һ˿ʦܣڴһսЩʱǷô
ХһԶϴ̨£ФɽϹȥˣҲ̫֣ųûݺݳʹһ£Ҳͷ֮ޡû뵽ǣФɽȻΪôһ˵⻰ʮǾԲӦԼĳʹˡ
Х״ҪĿڣȴһЦһøʦ֣øϴ¼ϣżȨĵӣøʹֶΡʦ֣Ҫ˳ͷңվϴ¼ϰˣȨʵˣǽ㱻ϴ¼֪㻹ܲܣҲҳʹң
Хݺݵ˵ʲô˼
һһЦὣңָХʦҲѰϴµӣʦԣȴҲʦ㽾裬ʶսʦִӦǣ
ʲô
⻰ХФɽһڶΧ۵֮˲仩Ȼ
ҪսңХһһٵ˵
һ˫һУ³
ʦܣФɽæתͷ
һҡҡͷФʦ֣벻Ҫ뺫ʦ֮顣
Фɽüͷһ壬ǺХŭЦãйȻսңܹʦҲʸսˣһ֪ϴ¼ϵĵӣֲܹġ˵һ˿ɱ͸Ҫһʬһ㡣
ڶ˵ɵ첱Ӵ֣ʱҪʱ򣬱һȴ뱬һǰӺʵӺΰӸߵʯǽεض𣬽˺󣬱̨˶ЩվȣһС
Фɽ㵽Ҫʲô
Фʦ֣Ҫң
ХһͬʱڵФɽһö˵Ļ˵ȥˡ
ʦܣʦܣǶҪȶҲţҽ鴦ʦܣһıԣӣ׼һҲһʱ㣬ʦܣǰ
ФɽͻȻöһ㶣һüͷһ壬ǰȥʦ𷣣ʦܸԸܡ


һ ħ
һ䣬һ뺫Х¶Ķ֮ԼʱФɽµĳͷȴһ̹ȻΪ֪ԼжֶΣʵڲУֻҪ¶޷֮£ȴ⣬಻ڰˡ
ФɽĿ˺ХһۣһҪ˵Ļ˻ȥſŹվǰһʦܣڳ磬䳡ϱۣȻͬʦֵд裬ȴǲ̫Ѫȣʶ̨ϣнػֱڳбּʦһսڲ졣һнǷϱڶ֮׼ȻϳֹأԸ𷣣ˣơش˷ǰħ£ӴӣΪͽ䣬Ը⣿
һԣȻ֪ħ֮أΪգȴأԼ񲻹ǽӴ֮ˣΣգνʱ䣬˼һת֪ФɽΪԼȡھʱ䣬ͷм֮£һæֵлʦ𷣣ʦܶȻرŹ棬ȶһ˵ŤͷƳ˺Хһָۣ
Х״һФɽڴˣϿУҲ˵ʲôֻóФɽֵФʦ֣ʦܱȶ֮£һϱʦ֣ʱʦǰս
Фɽĵ˵ͷٲתһʦٻطϴ£ȥħ𷣡
һ˹֣һ׽ٽһ׹ʧԭأٶ֮죬֮ͣƺǰһսûκӰһ㣬ѡ
ФɽһӣǽȻɢָ̨ԭװмĿһۻѵ磬һɫҲʧԭء˵˽󣬷׷ȥںХһ޺޵ĿһФɽȥķһҲȥ
ص֮Уһץһö̷ȥĹ֭Һ˳ſǻ븹УȷʵʮֵܡǵڴСҲȻһ˿ŭһ΢ƿ˫䣬üôѵĶʮ
һ΢Цҡͷ֮ԤЩ𣬲ȴʮ˼Ҫȥ˵СʱǰĽһȴˡ
Сײһɻ˰׺ϻ֮УһЦȥǰĲФɽ˭ˡ
ӭʯ֮У˱£̲סʦֶסûпڣФɽڵʦܣ̫³çˣ
һ֪Фɽָ뺫ХԼ֮£˵ͷʦֽѵǣЩ³çСҲȫ¡
ФɽŶһѵʲô㣬˵
һ˵ͷ⼸ˣҲֵˣФɽȻأ֪ΪǶΪά˴θǿԿȻΪԼҪϴ¼ϵĺХа塣Ȼһ²ФɽȻҲϴ¼ˣӦҲͬһεĴڣѰַ˲㡣ȴʵʵΪԼ˵ǺХַˡ
һͷ뷨֯һ˵ѡ˳Фʦ֣һսʦ־Сܻʤǽң
Фɽҡͷʦ⽣ȾϷϼѣıҲ಻ʦҶ͸ȻΪ磬ʤҲǽҡ
һ΢΢һЦʦֹˣʵ˵ǲʹɽɰܹӮʹɽұֻĳɻܹӮ˴Ȼˣթ̫æűСʤ˵ġ
⻰Фɽ˵ͷʾͬҲͷһ㣬Ψʦ̲סһ㣬æʦܣʲôֵʲôֶΣΪҴûأ
һͷһ£ϱ˿䣬ЦСʱѧһӡѧǳֻѧƤë˴ȫ֮²ܽǷɽʱס㲻ʲô
⻰ֻһܣ˵̫Ҳûһͷҡͷʲô֣ԼоһֽΪ޵ʹͷֶΣ֮Խʲô֣ͨἰżٽˡ
ФɽɫڵʦܣʵȻ˵д㣬ҲͲˣδ㻹ͷˣǺХϣȥӦûЩôҴ˴ǰҪĿĵΪ˴£ֻǸ˵˵ħߵ顣
ħߣ֪ʦкδͽ̣һɫ˼Ȼ֮ɫ
ħвħ࡯һ仰ʦȼͷħǱ֮أ˼򵥣˴ǰȥȻǶʦĳͷҲ˵һλᣬҪúðղǡ


һ ȵ
֮ϴϷԼٶȳ֮Ϊߴɽȥɽ£ýתֱۣɽһȷȥ
Ҳ֪ж˺ðΣżõף֮ҲԳһФɽˡ
ФɽָŹȵǺĴڵʦܣǱħߵĴڡħԴӴˣǵʦүٳΪãصءǰ˲֪ǧ򲻿в̤ģɾͲֵˣ
һԵ˵ͷȻ˵ħߵĴȴǵһΣϴϵҲûʶФɽ֮ǰ˵һЩ󲻳ΰھȻôһɭֲĵط
ФɽǺĵطҲ£һлᣬòҪŹȻҲǿ
һһ񣬡ʦָ㣬Сܽġ
Фɽ˵ͷ߰ɣǰҪˣжʦֽ㣬ǲҪǾõ˲ǡ˵꣬˼ԦɽĳǺ֮зȥ
֮УһĸоһͷȸоʵڣƮȴһ㣬˸͡Фɽ״̧һҫһ⽫סʹ
һ׼ѯʱһһװӷ˹һĿŶˣȵǿϴϵĵӣѵҪħô
⻰ФɽæǰͳһöƵʦ֣ҵȴǰΪħִӭ񡣡
ŶǶƹФɽһһۣʲô£Ȼ͵
ФɽæЦʦܵûʲô£ֻ˱ȶʱֹأԷˣű
ףûСӿᣬȴЩֶΣŨ񣬱ȶʲôôܲˣܿܣֻԼаˣҲˣҲĥ߰ɣȥʦְɣ˵ţǵӱӹФɽͷƣһһ㳯ȥһæФɽȥ
һԶȥӰФɽ̾һ֮󣬲֪ʦܷٴҴһ˵꣬ת㳯ȥ
ȴ˵һȥòһ֪ӲǶԭסһϾزĵطʹ˻ͨһ֪ӻУʮǰšһ˷ʦ֣Ҳԭԭ˭֪ʦֽкò
ʦ̫ˣЩԭסΪԼ׿Խܿǣ֪ɾ߶ǡǾһȺûоĥĸܹЩһĥѲŽŵˡʦĲһѵҲǳһ
һͷ֮Уͷʦ˵öԣȷʵ̫СҲҳ֡
ǷһЦһпİɣС˫֣Ժ󻹸ţ
һԿЦȻʵˣȴǲųϵģֻǴһȥˡ
֪һЦһļ򣬸࣬ʦúãЩˣԴСȻǲŹģȴ˫Ҳǻã˾ĲãʦԲպ˵дɾأ
һæǫһ˱߱ģҲģǽħ֮еĹظһһ֮ǰФɽĻħҲ˽Ϊӡ
ħǰʦү֮ʱ£ĿезΪʮ˲㣬ʮ˲ÿһ֮ħħͷħٻͬЩħͷӴ⣬ҲǿÿӦһΣбӦħͷνħ߲һֱͨʮ˲ָܹͻӦһ㣬һ㡣Ҳ˵һˮ׼ҪͨĲ㣬ͨ
Ȼħ֮УΣأһСľΣաеŻΣ֮ʱչܹ˳Ȼ⣬ȴܹסġ
һΣһǷнȵףֻһСĽڶСݵһĶڣ˶ʳޣŴһ㡣
㿴ǾħˣӱǽУˣʮа˾ŶǴ˵ģʦľǡǽӦӣڶ㣬ħͷȴǶûʲôõġ
ԭˣлʦָ㡣
ָָС֮һǹʦֵסˣȥɣƾܹʼˡ˵ţԹԵ˹ȥ


һ ص
һȥǰôԶ򿪣˽ȥǳһ˻֣ҲȥԺֻһԺҲΪӣʯʯʣһ㾰£һ黨ݶûУ󷨽ƽԺϢͲܽС
гŴŹ˹ֵʦ֣ϴʦܷǰӣʦơ
⻰Ÿ֨һ죬ȴһһ˳һ˫ǻ۵۾˿һۣ·ʲô鶼Ӳ˼һ㡣
ϴϵĵӣ˺εȹ˴
һæһ񣬵ʦ֣֮ʱ˶Էʶǰ
ʦŶһҪ˵ʲôȴǷдȥһ֮ɫ΢΢˱仯֮жһ˿ͣóƷܹƺεȳ̶ȵķͨЩ󷨣
һʵһ㶣΢ͨһ֮и߽׷󷨣֪һлˮ󣬾ŵ󣬸ɱľ󣬻н콵󡣡
⻰ʦϱǲ࣬һЦû뵽ʦСС;Ȼͨ˶󷨣ѹܹϼѵķܹһٽЩۿ˵͵ļһܣʦպܹ뱾֮УҾŹɽһȻǰ;
һ⻰֪ԷҲǶĵӡ⣬ȺӣȻ࣬ԶԣĵȴеƣϲٵӶŸ߲Ĺϵ൱üɿϲûֹּڴˣֻżѹƣҲŨԭ֮һ
ȻԷԼһףԼȻֳһʵҪ˵˭ķȴǲ˵ֻĴ˼䣬ȴǲһ¶֪һжҪԼʵ֮ϣʵԵõ˵ء
ʦֵûпһ뷨ֻ΢΢޼֮󣬱㽻һӦ顣ʵ˵Ҳʮּ򵥣ΪЩһǰħߵĵָ򣬴һ·ˡ֮ԻͷǴ˴ϡ٣вʮ˵ϴ϶Ȳáѹֵĸоʶ֮˵Ҳѹˡ
һָ֮һʦе˱ִƱдĴ˿䵽һСԺ֮Уס˱ϴµӶ㲻ϣֻǰɨһЩͽ߰ˡ
ڶգһΣǰν֮ʽʼޱȵĹΪħΣ֮أѰӲǰǰĵ׼һȥǺܳʱ䣬һ¹ȥһʶһ˵ǽʵħſڰˡ
վħߵĶڣһо˿˿֮Хһҽ֮֮ǿһ𣬱츣ʩչħ콵ҪһЩɼħ߹ȻǴ֮ء
濴ȥһȴʮֹĲǿ־壬һ˿Ц⣬֪ôһط͸һġ˵ţһ濴ȥⶴǰȴûһ˳֣һ㳯ȥ
ħ֮ɵŨһХУȴ⺳áֻǵһ㣬쾳绹пɣԸһٹȴǲһЩ
ͨȥʱһ۵ףһ޴ʯҾǰƮ޵ħЩħ˵ѰǿһЩҲʮޡ
ΨһһħͬǣЩħӴ⣬ĸȻ˻ȻУȻ˵ĸвûһĴڣû˵ĸ˼ά·ûкӰģԱ񡱵Ķ
ѵǴ˵֮еĵɷħڵصɷŨħΪħѹħҪǿһЩˣһõĿЩûħϵķ㹻ǵ
ˣҲùʲôħ˶ԣħаĶûôģҶԣȴǴ󲹵ĺöȴǲԿФʦ̸ֽķܲãã˵һأ
˵䣬һһֵķӡһ׹⽫ֱ۰ţֱ̧㳯һͷСħץȥ֮䣬ͷСħһ㣬ӴܡӵùһģһӱץУһ㱻׹
һ̯ģһöɫϣһڵ·ţһСһ㡣Ǻɫ·֮У۶ڱǳ֣ϸȥħʲô


һ ¼ħ
һⵯЦħӡȻЧФʦ˵ûҲһᣬħܹ۹ģ㹻֮˵ûԽڶ㣬ǿһ󱦿أ
ԭ֮ǰФɽ̸۵ħߵ顣һ²һ㣬Фɽϴ¼ϵĵӣȴû˵һ²ⶨȻ;ˡ
˵ϴ¼һҲʮֳԾФɽ˵һȴûܲµԭϴ¼ϵĵӳиȨ⣬ȴҲǵǾǱҪѡħ߻ߵ֮·֮еһԡܹͨ˳뱾ڣΪӣǲͨһʣû仯
ħԣ߾ٶԻͳ֮Уĥĵáʶߵļᶨʧ֮У֮·΢򵥣Σճ̶Խϵ͡ʶѡĵӶѡ˵֮·
Фɽһ࣬ʱѡħߡȻûͨħߵࡣôһӡд£רŽμĵӡӡħ˴ﵽԸħĿģҪħԽţﵽһԻȡ׶ȡҲŶڲμӵĸġ
һеФɽĿץסᣬ˵ãܹ㹻ħ裬ȡ׶ȣԺ󽫻вСáȡȻФɽ֪һöġһУȻҪǼ裬Щڲ¥ص䡣
ֽħ봢һܿһȦôһʮɷԲҲʮɵʯ֮УƯСꡣڲĵطһݿһĶڡ
ʮöһħܹһ㹦ͬһǧöħ裬ͬʮöħ衣ﵽļħ裬һöȡʮ㣬弶ÿһǰٱߡһץ°궼ץ㣬ĲӦҪһЩɻǻ̫ʱ䡣
һץһħħ裬ͷȴǲסš뷨ǰԸħľ飬ֱ߰˲ȥץħ뱴Ҷ֮УԼ֮ԴФɽĸ̰ð
Фʦ֮ô˵ǲ֪ҵֶΣС׶ܱոοЩħȻЩͬӦЧǣбжϣǽܹдɾ͡ħԾҵĻᣬʱִʱ
һ¶˾ģֲЩСħǸݿӱȥݿԣźХɷü˵飬ȻҪȥֽ׽ٽų뽣ϣݿ֮ȥ
׵ǿĴ֮׽ٽ֮еĵ⻤壬һɷţֱֱ·ĳȣŸеռ佥һǰʯҳǰʯұӫӫâԼô˴ȵһħʮǿ̶Ҳ࣬Ȼħߵڶ㣬׳Ƶڶ
ȫͨʯҶУ˴ûʿڡҲˣٶϴϵĵӣôͣ൱㼶ĵһ档
ûãҲ˽ҵͱҶǷܹãܹãǾãǲܣҲи׼Ҳá
˵һѡһ䣬׽ٽڵϣʱ⽫ħϿһŵڵءµϢ֮һüͬʱ촽Ҳһһ⣬дʣ֮ͬʱһɫ֡ⲻǲʲô
ֻЮɣһСƬطסڷֵĵطЩħǼܿĿ죬ȻħûüܡһУżһȥ֮䣬ħϱֳһ˿⣬ֱӳһüԴͷͶ
ŵһħеڶЩԶԶܵħҲǱʲôһ㣬Ͷ֮Уܿ㱻Ȼһüȥ
ЩȻħһСнڼϰߣȻûоܾɣһһ̨֮Сͬʱ̨֮еıҶ·֪һ⻪ЩȻħ׷뱴Ҷ֮Уһת㻯ׯ
оҶ֮зų֮΢һ˿һǹһЦüıǿķ⣬ԲʮɶסԭһȻ˲㻯һʮϰٵĶȻǶȻ˵ħȺӵ̨֮У뱴Ҷ档


һ ʥ
ⲻ𣬶Ȼ
һڵأϣͨɫֱƵϱׯأصķҫ𣬽СһʯҶյͨ
ڷ֮УЩԶЩħ΢Щ΢ЩħԼԼԿݵϣĵĶȻԶĳһͶ˹
һطֺƣǿЧԼԾѣ֮ϵķ⣬ﵽѭϢĳ̶ȡ
ŶȻħȺӵͶ̨뱴Ҷ΢һ㣬㹦򣬱ǧͷħ¼ʹñҶ֮г֮һȦܱһͷħ˵ʿṩ֮
֮ṩطȻħٶҲԽԽ죬Ǿʹȥ²֮ڶûʲôħˡ
ۿܶԼٵħһ̾һ̨ϣ֮䣬ûʤʧָǹһĴڣģЩûбȻħԶԶıһƺǰЩ䡣
һڶȻ٣ȴǱؾ֮أһνħȻ»ע⣬˷ǲãЩͼħȴǱȲø߼ħոһͷ߼ħͱȵʮϰٵĵͼħһȥԺˣ
˵ţһ˿ʯĿӶ׽ٽųӶ·ȥ
ӶĿӶԱȵһҪеɷҲŨһǵԵıٹڣ¹ͨһӶҪѺЩ
ʮ֮һڼһ΢Ĺ⻪ħ߶֮еӫ̦޺ĻԹ⡣ȻԹӣԽǿңǿҲԼԼĳ̶ȡǵã˵˵ǳгɭֲգһͷצħ˹һ׹һӱ㽫ն飬ֱǷħӡ仯һöħ裬һʯǰͬǣʯһѨ˷ȥ
Ŀȴֱ˹ħһһնһӡħ봢
ǵˣ൱ڱٹڵħڣҲǶħȻФʦ˵һ㣬Ժ͸ǰ治ͬˡǰԶֻ֮ͨ󣬱һǰĵӻѡһ·ȥͨ˾ܴﵽĲ㣬ֻ߲ܻͨФʦֵ߹㣬ϾħȻҲǶȴǶģ൱ڱٹȳһ㡣ֻҪóȺӵҲܹ׽Фʦܹϴ¼ֶζȻ٣Ȼûġ
һһ½⣬һѨǰ̧һȥû˿谭Ĵ˹ȥ˿ԼãⶴѨûˣ˵Ѿһȥˡ
һ΢΢һЦѨ֮ȥͬʱüһ֣ȻҪʵ÷Ȼħˡ
ʱ֮һһЦ߳ħߡ̶̵ļʱ棬ΪҪϤûߵ̫ֻڵȻǧħ֮ߵͨͷĲ㿴һۡ
ǵĲȵҪ࣬θǸӡеħǶħ֮еǿߣһǽ÷ȻԵЩ΢ΪѣҶ֮ЩħֻùԹͶл֮ԴȪ
ʵǰĲ˶࣬һνħߣȻ֪˵Ǳ⣬һҲֻǶȻǧħ˻
һͨ۲ʱùȻûˣһǴ˼ϡɷ̫֮ŨӰеĻҲһе顣µвԸˣһȴΪǲ۵֮е̨֮е⣬ǱҶ֮ƽĸǶ
оԴȪĳӯһͷ˿ħߣƺࡣ
ʱһɳɳһУһתͷȥȴһ뷢԰ףһ׾ɵ۵ϵһɨɨߵҶɽȻûʲôֲɽȴʱƮҶҲҪġЩ˸㲻õӣֻһˡ
ϵһȴЩ֣ͨ̽棬ʮ֮ڶû˼ͻȻðһϵ˵Ͳˡ
ʹһҪǰ̽һʱһ٣ɫĹ⻪һǰԳФɽ˭ˡ
Фʦ֣ôˣ
Фɽһһʦܣʱǵ㷿ȥ̸ɣǰִµʦ˵ˣ˴ʱ˿Ҳµġ
һ֪ФɽûҪǲģ漴Ԧ⳯һסȥɨصˣ̧ͷ˿ȥĶһۣͷɨأƺʲôҲûз


һŰ ĶϢ
һФɽӭ뷿Уڵʦ֣ǷǱȶˣ
Фɽ˵ͷϴ¼ϱȶȻѰǰպʦܱ㽫Уղ˻ظǰ㡣
֪жڴ˴αȶʲô̬ȣһ侲ʵ
ڵ֮ıȶһΪƽƫУǺХʦȴҲõ׼ֻǿʦߴӦӦФɽ˵ţɫмѿ
һҲһЩͷҲη壬֪ʦʲô
ФɽüѰ£ϴ¼ϵǲͨӱȶϾȨһȶͻðűķաʶѰøۡʶ˴Ρ
һǲ³ʲôѵʦֻҪҸʲôעǶⷨ˵һ
Фɽ̾˿ʦ㶼³ˣХҪĿɲֹЩҪԼҵһɽһԼԼϴ¼ϵλӣеķҡ
ʲô
һҪһ˫֣
һ⻰ûзŭ侲ʲô
Фɽ״ʦܣǺХϴ¼ھţȻβߣһʵȴҲ˵ãɽ£ؼˣû㣬Ȼ⽣ϬޱȣҪӮȴϼѵģս㲻Ը⣬ҲԾʹ˻ؾ˵㲻ͬעҲԸĵġ
Фɽ֮еĹ֮⣬һһůЦлʦչˣսȻԼȻܸģǶעФʦִǺХϵķһ˫󣬾ԲЩܹģһɣ
ФɽһЦʦҪˣ
һصص˵ͷ˲ͷ֮ޣʦִʦַģսС
֡ФɽɫԻ˵ͷ˱ãʦǰ;ǵУҲϱţɽҲ»뱾ڣض¼ˣ˴һȰȻģΪҲ㡣սʤˣʦҲʹˡʱ뱾֮УҲеλҲǺһ
һͬĵ˵ͷСó׾֪׾ĺôͬҲ֪׾ĻֶȻзôһ˵ͬҲԱܶ಻Ҫ鷳磬ȥ˫ֵĲФɽû˸˵ʲô鷳Ӷţ֪Լչ¶һЩʵһСʱˡ
½Фɽ΢΢һЦһգ֪ʦжջ񰡣
һԣ֪Фɽ˼Ӵ֮ͳһöħ·ģǶħӡɵģһ·ģһħӡġ
Фɽĵ˵ͷʦǳˣջЩȴǲˣ漸żõһЩ˵þܴһЩ׶ȣȡЩֵĶˡ
һЦŵ˵ͷȴû˵Щַӡģ̨֮Ѿͷħǻɹ׶Ҳܹ߸ˡȻ̫ףͷҪܣǲ˵ġ
Фɽ֮һɫʱ࣬˫һеøХȻͱˣҲͲҪ²ˡҪһ˫ðɣ
˵ţһתͷ˿ħ߷Фʦ˵ˣɽϻ˿˴αԣϴ¼ϵӵıԣ˵ϵĵҲҪ޲СϴεĲʲôģһᱻġһҪ÷ӡɹ򣬶̶ʱ̫ࡣ⽣Ȼҳ۳ңΪ㣬²ܺܺõĶԸΨһܹʵģ޷𡣻õǣһ󱦲صҿأÿȼһأһ㣬صȼ¾ǾŸٹȶ嶼ҵĶ֡޷̨֮УΪԽǿԽޡܹһͻƾأ롮ڡֻת½Ҳġʱٸʩչֲʲôģ֪ôġ
һΪ⣬λǵÿչǷ˳뵽޾ı⣬Ҳסٵʱ䣬һ̱ɵħſڡ֮󣬱һͷȥˡ
һ춼ûһΣϴ̽·˵Ĳ㣬ҲͲҪڵһ㵢ˣֱ굽Ĳ㣬ȡ㹻ħлᣬȥ㿴ʱ˵̲̣˵ҲҲ֪ܹʲô̶أһű㻯˽⳯ڶȥ


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ħߵһѨľͷһӳһƵһ𣬽ɢ俪ȥΧħֱС
أɢһǱһüһסħ׷׷룬ҿ
ĳһһ˼öҩƽϢЩ¶һЦתͷ˿ͨµ߲ӣļħȻűҶ֧ţ±˺˲֪ٴˣ
˵ʱħѾ˽ӽµʱ䡣Щһÿ춼ħ꣬ͨ˵Ĳ㣬㣬㣬ǰȥ˵߲㡣ҲļħڵĵطǽʿҲĵط
޹ƺͿħʩŷ⣬һܹȻħʹñҶ֮󣬸ܹͻ߲㡣ڵڰ˲㣬ڻûд㡣ΪȻŷ𹦺ͱҶ֧֣ڵ߲Ҳ֧ŰˣҪͻڰ˲㻹ЩΣյġ
ʱ֮һعǱķ£һЦ뽣ٴγ߲ĿѨ֮ͨͨһΪĶҳǰͬʱһθߴīļͬʵʵħǰⲻ൱νļħ
ЩħƺڵһȺһ˴Ҳ֪мʮˣһָüģһüĳһնЩħ
ֶһԼĥģͷͶɱ˵ȷǿ˶٣ҼһɢԸħȴһһ׼еħȻ̱ȻҲᱻ尵βܶ
һ󽣴ɢ֮˳ƻʮС͵ȥ֮䣬ͷħһ׷ױòܶ
üһȻ㣡
һһ䣬ͬʱصķһڱ󣬽ֺǽһƬ⻯ʤһ㡣Щǰͱסħڷ˷Ӧһģֳһ˿
ʱһХӽ⴫ܱͷħ˻˵һǶƵķĻХ񣬱÷ħ
ħǼͷħ֮⣬ɷ֮ħڣǵɫָ˼֣ҲǿƺʱҪһĶȻ
󣬽նȻǱǸ컯Ȼ֪ҵ
һ˫Ŀһգһ黨ָһ㣬ãصһķʱɢ俪ǰǿʮĹâϸȥȻط⣬ÿһطĹ⻪֮ǰǿ˲ֹһ
һʱ䣬һȻħ˵ֻͷҪ֪ħħÿһǳɰٱӽ˿Կ߽ħѵá
һЩӲ׽ħȻ󲿷һģҲǧͷħͷļħ
ôħṩ֮ǱҶ֮йע̨֮֮еҪ֮࣬һҲһֱڱǸУǿͻٹȳڣٹڣҼ֮뵤µЩ֮Ҳ㹻屬ˡ
֮ĸһ̶̵µʱȼˣأغ͵ڰط⣬ŵھطȼļ󡣶еĿıΪ˳ھطԲ㹻ħ
أ𣬶Ȼ
طȫǼͷħȻһڵɷ֮ĻɫǸħκҲܽǻȥ
һЦŨܺãطҲܹǿȻħˣǵȼھط⣬̤ڣ³۳ҵڰ˲Ҳûˣ
ͷħҪȻʱһޱȵ˻ܱߵĴħƺʲôֲĶһҵľҪɱܿڶ˻ЩħֹͣҴܣһתһһͷͷΪµķ֮ر
⵽ô£
ôħһԳ֮УȻĻǾͿһԴˣһΪϾ̫ͣǵȼطҲܹħһԳôħ㽫ֵõ࣬ЧȻ˲١ǰҪȻͷħҲͣ˶ȻĽȣɷ֮һȾָԭ״


ڶ ļ۷
ʱһХٴδ˴θǴ͸ϡ͡ķ⣬ϢֱӴһУԺ֮УƺҪеĸָͷ
ãʲôͷħôôǿܹ͸ҵķ⣬Ҫҵħ̨𲻶
һͷһ䡷еĸһ滯ֳһħӡȥһԼԺ֮нһ˿ͷ˳һձ㻯ɻɢȥ
⻯նħ
ǰط֮УʱһǹꪸṴ棬룬ذףֱѸٳ͡һſ˫۵˲䣬ͬһ㳯ɢ
ЩͶ֮еħЩеĴһҽҪ汼ȥһ״ǵ׷һգЩħӿħӴܣֻʣǲͱȻͷʱ¶һЦһôྫܲûһ棬Ǿ͹ԹԵҶȻɣ
˵ţٴ˴ȴǼͷħϡͷħǰͲ㱻Ȼֻعϣʹһûոɹʱ⼯ϣʱһ͵һһŽ㳯Ͷһüһ㽫̨֮У¼Ҷ֮ϣٴ˼֮Ҳǿǰ⻯ĵķ⡣
һβҶոħһûϲȴûһ˿ϲصĿһƺʲôһ㡣
ⲻữն
һϷһһⳤڷ֮Уֱ֮ǿķȥܿʧĶѨ֮УƬ֮һĲҽдǰǹֽȴʮơ
ͷβĶٳ
˵ţʮͣ׷׳ǷͶȥ˴εûвҽУǽ֮֮һĺУһŨ糯˹֮һ˶һǰڵ޵ݣɷڣһͷħʲôͷħȴЩڲͬ˫ۿһȴм֮⣬ƺһ㡣
ļħšԣļļĴħ
һոĴħǧǣһ۱㿴ͷħȻ߲ͨħͬļĴħҲ൱ڽ۷Ĵڡ
Ҫ֪ɵ˸ߴǲ۷طΪһ߱ǲء𵤳ڿܱܿȵһڣҪĸڲܱȵùһ𵤺ڣڽ۷壬վ鵤ӤżĴڣǾܱȵ𵤺ڡԪӤ۷壬ǼĴڣԪӤڣɱʮ۷塣ɴ˿ɼľĲˡ
ʱվһǰľһͷȽ۷Ĵħ˵ħ޷ʹʵȲߣƷųѹͨ𵤳ڵʿͷħ֣ħ׷˱ܣɼ֮ǿ
ͷħһɫȻأͬʱҲԳһ˿üһļ۷壬û뵽õڰ˲ܹӦþһ˰ɡǲǷҶȻ̫ħ˵ģ
ħöһ˵۴һŭħһ㻽ͨϳһ
һһЦ̧һָ˲ڷ֮УǴħ˹ȥͬʱһʮɣ㿪һǣԶԶָħ󣬼Ȼ㣬ҲҪȥˣͳΪҵΪҵȼھطɣ˵ŸһĶͷطصķųйâһǴħ˹ȥ
ħһδУȴ̺Ϊһţɵıܹڶ⻯Ĺתͷÿһȴ˺ʮּɻһ㡣⼯ƿѸޱȣݲ㿪
һΪҪסʱȴſһ£һźںĶ˳Ȼһħڷǰ棬Ȼܿ㱻ɢվһ裬˴ħʱ䣬æ˹ȥ
ǴħƮͬʱͬצһĴ֣Χͷħץ˹ȥǼͷĽĴħһץͬʧȥһ㣬קȥֻ͵ſһӣǼͷħ˽ȥ
ͬ࣡һһⱾħıԣǿʳ׼ڹ֮͡ǰ֮ûǰħ඼һΣԼôһ˵£Ҳͬġͷħȴǲͬһڵ߲ôãҲôһͷħġȻ֪βģȴһߵĴˡ
üһ첻Ȼ㣬Ҳ޷ȥˡҵʵΣ˵ţһ׽ٽȡУǴħһָ


ڶһ ֶ
һ˵ţ£ԼסΪһ㻤֣׽ٽһĨõߴܳһٲȻ׵ްһ㡣ͷħһ˵һɷϢ˷˳һƬؽʱ֮ء
⽣ҳ˷֮⣬ǿֶΣͷħʵͬСɣҲ㳢׵֮ɣ
һȣһһ׽ٽֶһ׳ĵ˳ȥٶȼֱһɨȼ綷һжֺһֱȳ̶ȵֶΣɼµʱȼأҲࡣ
׵֮ٱаħòħ֮еɷ֮ϡ˼㣬Ȼ£׵֮ħ֮ҲõСѹơʵֹ׵֮Ƕִ֮ҲܵѹơħħԲܵõ̫󷢻ӣֻ൱ˡ޷ʮƺķ룬ûзӣվɿħǶȻ֮һٹڵʵ˵˰ط⣬˾ط⣬Ҫ߲㣬Ҳǳġ
⽣һȻħ֮Ч󣬵ٶȺȴ˿δͷħһûעҲŵĽǰתۣѰûᣬһĴնڵأһɷ֮ɢȥЩͨħһ
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ħһ⣬ɵ֮ıʧ˴룬û뵽⿴СĴڣһֱ㽫ԼĴնϣŭͷһഥ֣һ㣬˷һ裬һҪ׽ٽһȴǽЩʶôĴħ֣һֱУеùץٴ֮С
Ǵħֳʮ֣ӭ紹һ㣬˻׽ٽζ˲׽ٽͬһ㣬ڶഥ֮תۣʱѰûնһ֡ǵǴħҽУûа취
׽ٽǶⷨɽȻʵغЩ𣬵ԣȴ޼ˡ⽣Ľ֮һһȻֻһҫĲΣٶҲǴãʱ˶Ȼħħ֮еħĥһֽɼӽԲĵز̶̰ʱ䣬ҲЩΪѣһȴӦ
Ƕ򽣷Ͱĥ£ʵսһսħ֮УڶСħĶսÿһǽ޵ս޷֮Խǻۣϵܽᾭ飬ȡѵĳɹȻȻġ
һʱ䣬ħƺľͷһХдֶ˻ǺϣСС˸״Ŀ׶űħһǡ
ѵҪԱԣǴħѾǻۣοͷħƺرǻۻҪһӦòԱˣֻ⡭
ûȻһŨĺӴССĿ׶֮˲Զ
⼸ħཻһһ֪Ǵħ֮ɷ֮൱ߵħߵѪ޷ߵߵͬⱻ֮ɷ֮ħԣһĴڣۻ飬ͬ࣬ʹáͷħʹóֶΣŭˣҪϧһд۽һ
׽ٽ
һٻ׽ٽȽƴֶοɲԸԸģٲԸȥԸһСıۻˣ˵Ҫʱڴսڼ˵Ըġ
ø󣬹˽ƻΪҾ޷ˣҵֶΰɣ
˵ţһһʱһᣬͬʱüһķɳʹ˻ųϣʮʮһ飬ȻһơһͬʱĹķšͶսȴǵڶΡ
ħоħһ౾ͼ˸棬ó̺ͣŽɷҪһһͬɡ
ӲСҷ⻯һݵģ
һ䣬ɵı׷׷˴Ŀô󣬶׼Ϳƣһ֮бըһ⣬ħֱСһɵ󷨡һ󷨻ǻ˻ԣǾ޴󺮱Ǿľǳɽһͨ׵֮УʱǺһңҷɿĳȥ
һ΢΢һЦ֪Լûȡʤ˵Ϸ綼ûռϾ۷ĴħôҲܼ򵥵㱻Լˡ


ڶ 
ɷ˲ɵʱ򣬱֮дħͷ­͵Ĵ˳ͬצһ֫һĴ֣һ븹С
˵ħϢûмټ֣һȻ򵥣ЩȻҵȫֶΣҲˣڽһУҵʵʵÿأ
ˣûһɥ˼΢΢һЦִ֮гһѽɫﻹһУȻ˾Ͱһԣܹɹʹ㱻ҶȻɣ
Ǵħһ˵һ˫ڶ۾͸ڹ⣬ֱֱһ˹ɱ˵
һ״ٺһЦſʲôʱö˲ɳǺڹײһ˲ըҵ洵δڹ⡣һ֪ڹⲢûб𣬷Ծ𣬽˿ȥ
󣬾ȻҪ͵Ϯһаɣգû
һһȣ⵹ʱˡһˡ󣬽֮УðһصĽɫģƿһȦ֮󣬷׷£һĹһ㣬һĽС
ء
ħеĲʣοһȥһ죬˲㳯˹ǽצ͵һʵˣǾʯĳɷĩĵѣһˣܹܵ
ھצĵһͷʱתݵĽڱˡֻһĲûгצӿȥѸٵĳ״̬һΧ£ȥոȥ֮һӶ֮
󣬾Ȼ֪ΪǿҲĴ̼һлһܹɣ㳢֮Ľɣ
ӽ֮дڵʯ֮䣬ǽ˲׹ڵأ˫һһ䡣צֻڵһ޴צӡʲôҲûд򵽡ӡԶϹ⻪ȥ˵һ¶ǰͬǣǷ»Ƥͷ͸ӫӫ⣬֮лԼɼһתǽϵķµۻף⸱㹻ƵϽ񽫡
һֶһ˼֮ɵġȻ֮ǰҲעڣǷõھһս֮Ÿᵽֶε֮ǿħħʶ˶ָĽΪ壬Ϊǣ裬ŶһֳֶΡ
жɣ
һ΢΢һЦĳȥⳤУʱͨ䣬һ飬ǿԵʹõĶ
һԷǳٶȳħȻЩɵĶȻȴǿһӵеľ˫צڶഥͬһԶҪһ
նħô򵥵ģ
ⳤһӣնһϣǺĴֱնĵطʱðͬջһ㣬ܿ㱻նϣڵأһɫǵһشֱյʧ
ħ˲о𽣵ĲͬѾһն˺ü۵ֱС
ħǴħȻǻ۱Ȳ࣬һһȴҲ˾飬ڶഥϷ׷ðɫŨȻҪɷ֮ķ⡣
Ҳ̫СҵĽˣ֪֪ɣ
һЦһ˫һ飬ǽⳤȻûУʹ˫ƽֱðǰһ˫һ̧һץȻǴץУǴֲҲðȴѲһ˫֡
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һ˫һһδ־Ȼһϡ
⳶նȴǲͬնϴֳ֮⣬ҪǷȴǰԵֶΣԸֻڶഥ֮һڵħҲֻǿһ㡣ɼ֮ǿħ޵˿ѷɫ
ȻûʵƤ⣬ϴǣҲ㹻ôħˡʱҫŽ󣬻һǹһ㳯һ
һɫϲޱһһһ촫潦ʯȻ÷ߵԼٶȱܿ
ħ˿ͷһɹأǻһɵĴֶʱɢһ㣬һסǽе·ס
Ŵһ֪ԼٲǰֶӿҽҲҪðաҪֶεʱһ˿Īĸоͷƺ˲䣬ɷԲʯң£˵һﵽʯҵһط


ڶ ͨ
⵽ʲôһ̾ԭأʱͬһĴͷֻԶɼδδһ㡣
ǴħҲΪɻΪʲôֶβԭءǻ˵ǺģͬҲǲҪġֻҪɹѪĿУԼЩʳӶᣬͲ˿ɡ
ߵľ룬գ۵Ĺûб˹ȥû˺ĿУҲûײʲôӲĸодֲȥ˲ʵĸо⣬ûĸоһƬռǿտյ˵棬ûκζ
ڴħɻʱһӰԭسɴ磿ԣԶԶȲ˵ľ磬ٶȴԵģֻ⽣ĽҪһߣҪǿһ֣ƺһ˲˫ȳһ㣬Ӧ޷õͨɣ
⻰ǴħæתȻһյվ󣬶ʱ֮£д֣ഥ֣һȥ˵ǰƽһǴ˴εľ˴ͷǲҲ֯Ĵ
һɲǣڼ̵ʱһΣһһƬɫӰʧԭأٴγԶ
ˣȻ޷ͨȻԼ֮⣬ûм޷ߣǷЩУҲûмаͨġ޷žǲħƽĴڣҽõ䡷ͱҶȴûеõκͨšΪûеõУ޷Ĳͬ˰ɣͨҪԼ򡣿ɼ޷ԵҪжˡôƺҲΪԣֻͨҪˣ͵ˣҪĥܹﵽأһķ¶һЦݿǴħ
Żħöһ˵ʲôܹжϳǰƺǰʰˡ
ڳ½Ȼˣ㻹棬Կͨжǿأ˵ţһ˫һϣȭ֮͵һǽλεĳٴγϣǰһ޶
һƵĻǰնԼֵĳħǱ˫צ裬ɨθǻζ˹Ӿ֪Ҳȫˡ
ûⳤͨһνͨʩչҪܹﵽʲô̶أ
һٺһЦ˲䶯һӰ㳯ħ˹ȥͬʱħ˫צӰץЩҲ׷̣򿳣ɨӰɱ
һȻҪԼֶΣȻᱻʩչǱͨٵڵƶµӰҲħ˸աͬʱ𳤽ʱıݺնڴħĴϡֻǴ˴вͬǣħٶ׷һûиʱ俳ϴֻ֣ѵˮһһ㼴ߡ
һһħè׽һһʱ䣬Ȼħèȴ׽⻬󣬸ʱıŪ
ڣħ̲סĥսһû֣һ㡣ǧĴ׷һͨҲЩŲˡ
һһ䣬ʮֵͻ̣øഥִ˷˹뵽ЩֶΣⳤͨǲˣֻǲ֪ܴﵽʲô̶أ
ʱһ죬˲ͻ泯˹
ãļĴħֱ޵̶ֳȣҲˣԽΰɣ
ⳤһӣһն֣һǴħ״ϲæһֱֱĳһŲȥǣ˴˾Ȼû˿һ̶ûǼٶȶ㿪˴βһʵʵĴ̵һϡԾǣԶʯֽĴƺ̵˱ȽʯӼӲĶ棬Ȼܴ
һȻ𽣷ſ˫̧ץסǴ֣һأȻļħõǣ⹥ܱ֮һܹﵽһˮ׼Ҳסðɱ׸أ
Ȼħ֪һĵ˵ŵĵʲô˼оһ־֣ǴССɢġЩңȫйһ˹ȥ
㾹Ȼˣϧ̫һҡҡͷ˫һ㽫ǴֳϣͬʱüһŴһƬ¼ӰıҶ


ڶ ħ
Ҷһ֣Ϣ˲䱻ɢʱࡣڴʱЩȴǲܲ˵ĳһҪ̳ѡ
󣬴ʱʱ
һһҶ߾٣ʱһӱҶ֮ճĲׯϣ£о֮֮дЩ̻û̵ٲǰֺ
һĻħ֪ԼµĵʲôˣͬʱҲЩʱԼʳٵԭˡʱʳٴķŭȴǱ־ѹţ㲻ʲô
ء
˻һħæջش֣˫צ㳯ҶץΪħΪ˸ļϣ뵽ĵһ¾ǻٵ־ԴȪ
һ״һЦ˫ֺʮҶСн䡷һĴӿзɳע뱴Ҷ֮УʱҶϵĹâԽԽʢԽԽǿо֮
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ңҲ컯ħߵ£üβУһ޳˵ûܻһأ
һֱֳҶڽ£ˣһ͵ĿŴħȰƵˡ
ħǴħô׾ոģæջ˫צһŴڶͷ£ɷɱ֮˻֮޺֮·ⶴһ˼һ㡣
ִԲڤ粻飬徻÷
ֳڣ褣Ǳ͵Ľʱޱϵĳͽ֮͵ĳħѹȥǹɢȥһͨħ˹ȥ
ǴħһӴž֮ĵطȻͬˮһ㣬̳һܿը˿ȥһɫ֭ˮŨѪһ˳
ףʲôħ֮ӦûѪǣΪʲôͷħ·Ѫ⣡ѵΪһߵԭ򣡡һüͷһ壬ʩչֶΣֱӽǴħΰסǳҶ˹
ء
ħ֮侹Ȼԣ֫һȭͷСһҪ϶֮ȥϧǱҶ֮еν©ҴҲ겻ȥֻ÷С
һ֣һͷ΢ȻôħûһͷҲûһͷܹԣһеһֻ˵ͷħ֮Щ֮ܳΪһŹԭֻܳΪȻɡ
󣬲ҪִˣҶȻɣ
˵ţһٴһķɳ֮СǱǿޱȵľøǽڣ֮УǴħķΧҲԽԽСϵһǰǻȭͷСĴħԭҲֻбţαQȴҲӲ
ͷħе˼ҪӳҵģȴܣҶȻṩ֮ɣ
һҶһӣڴħͷϣʱһƥͬħһͷСҶһڵӰӣӰڶɫӰо֮ҲʧȥңϵȥĽ⣬ҲڵأӰ
һΪ󹦸ɣٴ֮ʱ򣬺һ׹ǽɫӰϵҲƵĳҶܳ
һ״һԴõҶ֮󣬶Ը֮࣬ǰսʤǵһڶȻ֮ȻҪѱҶġ
Ҷվ֮ССһ׹˳ڱҶ֮лһ磬͵һ㽫׹⳯ȥȥƺҪһ׹ҲȻһ㡣
һüͷ΢壬Ҷһ֮֮䣬һ˿ԥͷƺʧȥ׹⣬ޱȵʧһ㡣
ԥ֮䣬һдһӨĹ⻪ɳûһӦֱͶ뱴Ҷ֮УǱİ׹׷ȥ
һ⻪ܿȥնһϬĽ⣬һ϶У׹һ𣬶ʱһɴģһԵӱҶ֮ʹһһ񣬶һ㾧ӨЮŰ׹⳯Ҷٶȱȳʱ򻹿ǱҶ֮еĽ赲ֺ
žһ죬һ㾧ӨɳҶһǰϸȥȻһƬ


ڶ Ӱ񴫳
һǰƬǵľõģѹıԴõ֮󣬲ԼС׶֪ʹã֪ʲôεĶԴȡ֮ûɢһǿҵĲһС
ֻû뵽ΪͷħȻƬ뱴Ҷ֮֮Ȩչֵƺԣƺһ㲻ȱҶĲ
һǰӫӫԣͣڿеƬ뵽ѵҲһ
ͷʱƬ⻪ɿİȥ·ʧȥһ㣬һڵء
һĻһӶ˳ǰһõĶһ̱Ȼٴα仯̫죬Щ޷Ӧˡ
СǰȥַһˮȥƬˮˢȴûһ㶯˼ƺ·һʯͷûаԡ
ǰһһҲһƬľ֮̽ķڵѹ౦Կ䲻֮ͬˡ
ññȻԳҲֳܷƶޣôʱ䣬˵ûеõʲôôҲûʲô⻹õҪĶԺɸΣ
һ˵ôһȴС׸ġԺķ鱦ܹܵϢԵġǱҲ˵ǲԵɵɵ鱦ڳ˵þܺƭ֡
һ˵ƬƺûһôɾڵϣȲ⣬Ҳ
Ȼش𣬾͵Ӧˣˣ߰ɣ
һֻ֮Сĵֹ̽ȥƬһɲǣһõӰԺ֮УЩӰ˶һͷǰһ޶Ĵħÿһħһʿ߼ȻǶ˵㶷Щʿһɷͬ޲ͬһͳߣһһʽһһ޲᳹ɵİǴħǲǹ⻪תʷ׳ʡȻǲͬʽͬˣչֳȴͬѤͬ
һſűƺֳһħ֮УһЩʿڡһų֣צɷŨħֶɱʿһʹŷɽŷ󷨣ŷɼҷӭħ
ЩսħսԿóЩһǽ۷ĴڣΪΪû˿ɣûһԥɱ
һڶ̶̵ʱھ;ʮٳս龭һδεĥ¡أЩβʿһȥħףͬҲвħʿ֮һ⻪ֱʧԭء
֮ЩӰ񽥽ģһһ֮ɫһо֮ɫЩʲôϸȥȴʲôһԶԶЩӰһ𣬻ص֮С
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뵽һЦƬȡһ׹⣬Ҳ˵Ӵ֮󣬵߲ҲһĴħˡȻˣ˵ǲߵĴħΨһòǻ֮ˡҾǰӰϴһоԼǿͻƵٹڵȫųٹȺڵĸо
ջõģǷܹսħǷܹõôͲҪǵˡ
ǰһڱҶ֮£ʶЩħǰһ΢΢һЦ㱴Ҷãʮֱ֮㽫ʮͷħץסȻС
һǱһյʯңһЩε˰ˣɣҵȼھطʰڡҪ֮Ӧòٰɣ
˵ţһһ⳯Ϸȥܿ㴩㣬㣬Ĳ㣬㡣ħǶħҴ˴ŽƣֻҪռһͨҲͨʶΪһʱܻʹá
һеıҶһԼüһģ̨֮ȥˡ
ǱҶ̨¹λ̫һ½ͬʱһɹ֮עͷ֮Уʱһɱǵĸоӿһͷ
ȼھطʱˣ


ڶ ϴ
ħڵĹȵ׳˿˿ɷ֮ħ֮дǽɽȱüˣ޻ݶ
ȻΪѰ֮أܹ׬ȡ׶ȵķʽ˼ȴеӶԸǰġ㹻źʵӵܣѰӿʮ궼һһΡʹħ߸ա
һգħ߶û˴Ҳ˵ϵһûһµɨŵأֻǺȻͷ̧Ƶ˫۳ħ߿˿Ƭ֮㴹ȥʲô鶼ûзһ㣬ɨأɨɨžͳԶȥˡ
һ֮һӰ˳һ˭ˡʱȴȣǰղ׽ħҪܶࡣֻȴǹһ˿Цƺʲô⣬εҡҡͷϧô֮Ȼȼط⣬ڶûͻƣҲˣطѰڶҵĶ˰ɣҴ˴εջ񲻽ЩƬҲǸҴ˲Сľϲٹڵľ繮ˣҪͻƺڣʱԷһɹͿԳΪˡ
һһˣҲضţֱʹɽԼķȥµʱ˼ĹضŪʮˡֻҪɳɽȣʮڶǰ¶һ¶棬û˻ԼҲ˴ѴѵʱȻħ͸ַͨ
صУһ֮󣬱еǰ򿪷ţФɽǰһ΢΢һЦӭ뷿С
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Фɽͷʦܻȥ֪ʦܿ׼ˣ
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˵ţ˳˷ţֱǰȥ˹µ˵֮󣬽ƣŻֱӳɽȣϴ·ȥ
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һҡҡͷʦúãħ軻ȡ˺Щ鵤Ľ˻Ҫлʦֲǡ
ФɽҡҡͷһжʦȡģΪֲˣʦܴʱͷ׼ˣһսףˡ
һһЦʦֲصģСȻ㲻г񣬵Ҳ³ç֮ˣǺХϴ¼֮ˣԲ֮ͬҲһʱԼǲãʦҾ˻һС֮ǲҪˡ
ФɽһģҲ֪ض˵ֻǽԵٴνһ£˱صϴ¡
ص֮УǶڴϵӰһ΢΢һЦСףЩӹÿɻã
С֪һҲֻǽһɺأҪгҪкȣΪҲѸ٣㲻Ҳգ
һڨڨһЦ֪СûдȥħߣȻʱ̸ãֵطܸƼȥŮĺ룬˭Ҳ²͸ʲôʱϲʲôʱ򲻸ˡ
ʱСһüȻչֳطһ⻪ڣȻȲһطûֺ룬ȴҲаׯص˼
ףСΪҲˣһһ֮ǰС׵ķΪҲǵȼطˡ
СüһĿ죡
һеĲҲ֪ģЦνħߣҵķΪȴ˲٣Ѿ˾طĳ̶ȣֻûͻƳڡ
⻰С¶Ȼ֮ɫ˵ͷԭˣ
ʲôԭˣһæʵ
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һԣʲôֳһͷ̨֮УǱҶϡֻϵСӰʵðŽ⣬ԼȻħԼΪĹ֮УС׹ȻҲˡ
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һ˵ͷȷС׵Ĳ롣Ѱ˵Ĺϵ빲û˵ܹṩ֮ҲܷʹΪġ˿ⱴҶȻǷͬһˡ
˵ҶһȻƬһ֣һӣƬ˳ϡ
С׼һ֣ɵüһû뵽ֽ֮ô;̶ͨȡ
һԣһֽ֮ȷʵõģȻеĿռ仹ֻܲһЩС˭Ҳ֪ܸһضǰȫ˲أ
ֽ֮С״ڿһռڴƷһͽǸռ俪֮Уʹǿ˲֪١
СһΪмЩֻСˣҲ㲻ʲôֻܷ֮ʤǲǹؼ
һһЦ֮󣬶Ҫһϲǣ


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һգϴϷɳֱӳ䳡ȥֻɳѲϴ¸֮һƽϴϷɳֱӷɵϴġֵԱ߲ͣ˼⽣⣬æȥͣһߡֻ⽣ϲһ˭ˡ
һǡϴġ֣ǹһصЦݣһĨһ׹ֱӳִȥʱһ⻪֣һָڹ⻪֮Сϸȥȴһ֡
ལ޼ФɽϹٻֳٷХ˾ȻФʦڵλ⺫Хȴڵھλֻǲ֪ལԪʵأ
һһʮ֣ϴ¼ʮ˵֡ƽûڽ֮УѰ˲֪Ҫս͵õ￪Ѱˣܹһ˴뺫ХĶȻѰͬǲؾһ⣬ҲԸȻᣬҪһսĸо
ХھβߣǾҽȡ˰ɣ˵ţһִӽһ⣬ֱڡХϣȻһЦ㳯̨ȥ
һһоڶΧ۵۷׷ףе˵̫ţеȴΪͬ˵ˬôȴûһԸһԣԼԦɽ̨ȥ
䳡֮Уһ̨ϣХһɫһ䣬һȴžһѿ
һ̫ѵХͺһ
ʱһЦ˳ʦֺαضŭСܲǰճˣѵʦ᲻ϴ¼ϵλӣնĶȱˣʦֿȨ
Хܹϴ¼һϯ֮أԲޱ֮ˣ⻰֮ȻȰ˵ԼʵβڼԼϴ¼ȨþХȻΪһôһܹӮȫװԼɲԸ⶯ŭӰĶһЦƲ⣬ʦܼȻˣǾ͸Ͽ԰ɣ
һԼļûãҲɥСûмϣɹȿϲʧҲ޷ɨۿȥǧڱϣռ߰˳ˣԾĲЩˣǵ㣬ڸ߿֮еʮ⡣
Щÿһǿ౶Ȼһϵĵӣ߿գΪޣһĸоȴޱȵʿһӵĴڡФɽѹɽˡǶԷʵ˹ؼʱʹ÷޹һٶʤ뷨ȴǵˡϾ𵤾ʿʶƷ档˵ֱʩչֶΣνġ֡ССĲǡ
һУɿͷ˼һ飬һ˫һУתͷԺХʦֺαżأȻǶĶѶעȡ˫ʱ򷴻ڿôأ
⻰ХЦһҵĶעеķɽϵķۣҲϴεİ취Ҳãϵз㶼òˣ
ФɽĶϢʱ֪ԷҪзΪʹ֮ǰù˵źХһĵ⣬Ҳ⣬˵ͷʦ˵ǣ˴ζע̫󣬼СܵңǲʹõĻСֻܿܿʦֶˣǲǲأ
⻰Хһ죬ԼҲФɽ͹ȥ˵ͬⲻͬˡ
ڶ˻ҪʱФɽһǰλʦܣλǾŹɽĺʦִ֣˳Ķġ
Խʾ⣬ڵҲûж˼ӣע˵һֽӡһģ̨ƽʱҪʵ࣬ٲٱХȥĳ̶ȡڣڳ³𵤵⣬˶֮ܲˡ
һ뺫ХߡХһƬɫһȴǵȻĿ
ʦ֣Сܵˣ
һ΢΢һЦ׽ٽ㻯˵ֱ֣߳ȡХȥ
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Хһһĳʱѩ׷ɣһѩһĴ׽ڲѩ֮Уֱӳ߽˹ȥ
˵ĵһײһĴ쿪ʼͬҲֿ˲
һ¶һ˿أ⺫Хϴ¼ϵĵӣϵͱȵǿ˲ֹһȻãͬҲ˵ͬǱٹȺڣȴҲŲСĹ


ڶ Ǭ
һУһͺХԷ˼֡ǺХΪһ½ӣҲʩչƣ֮£ųɹġһĽ⣬ŷ֣Сȴż湦򡣲ȴɲһܹв
һһ棬Ĩȥ׽ٽմȾı˪Цźʦһˮкף˪ͬʦһսϣʦֲߴͽ̲ǣ
ХһЦȻʦд뷨ʦֵһǡ
һĵͷҪлʦ
Хһһл˵ʦܺṵ́ɣǧ⣡
⡱ֳڣԺХķ֮Уð⣬ʱһ󺮷Хǰѩʱ¶ëѩÿһƬѩϣ㽫һСƬ涳ס˲Ϣ̨϶˺ǽҲѻһǡΨһһɷԲĵطһůڣһʩչһ߽⻤סڡǧ£һȴҲԵ᧿Σ
ХǹһЦһߣʱѩӣѩֱӳǻڶѩĺ£ߺܿ㰵Ϩʧһܿϱѩ
һüִ̧׽ٽһ⣬Уʱһ仯һȣһӵ֮˳Χһžֱ죬һ𻨣ڱըһӶܿ㽫ǿ˻
һʩǶڷϵĽ̨ķѩǺХռϷ磬һ׵֮ͻ֮Ľϣǿռһϯ֮أҲ㲻ܡ
⣬˶ֻ֪̽ԵĽ棬ۺϿǺХռϷ磬ҵ뷨ȴȫһϤһ˵һԵˣٶŲͬĿ඼Ϊһ׾߿ϣʮһҲԼĿ
ߵĵطӸ¿һеһӣһ˺ȻǵһڵԬɣ໹ˣһǿ󺺣һȴˣȴûһ˰֡
Ԭɣ˵Сģⳡΰǿ󺺴˵
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⻰ǵһĶɫ΢䣬˵СӶˣ
Ԭҡҡͷ⵹ǣνʦڸˣ˾ͽʦֲŰˣθȥʦҲ˵ǲҪֵģۣοôһССıء
⻰ǵһǿȴüͷһ壬ǶЩȻˣɴøǬɽˣ
⻰ԬɹһЦɲУ˹أɷĵӶɽġ
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Ԭɱ״⻰һ֣ȻԼеķɽǶԷæƵģûƢֵ̯̯Ҳû취ʦ
״Ըˣ˵㣬˵ʲôȴԱǸ˵쿴Ҫʽˡ
⻰Ԭ״·ȥȻھ֮̽󣬸·һһɳͬʱڿʼʽıԡ
ʦַȻ˿ʦҾ͹ȳˣҽ
һһ䣬׽ٽʮ󷨿ʱž첻ϣС۴ϸĵ⣬ವ˳طѩֱӳХȥ
Х״һ˱ȥأһдʣϷ任Ȼʲôǿķڱ׽ٽһɲǣһָʱ߳ı׶׼׽ٽһҲСȻһ־Ҫʤ


ڶ ·ѡ
֮ڿ죬۴˵֮еһ򷨻һ򷨣ּһֻҪ㹻죬㹻ı仯Ҳޱȵ
ͬӦ䣬ޱȵķޱȵʹַԸͬΪǡֶΣǷ֮
ʱ˿̣Хһַе׶£ֹһ׽ٽĹܹһˣʹβѣȴǲһ־ַλ𵤵֮еĵʿԾ̫ͨɽҲΪġ
ΪһҪԸʱȴǵһЦ˫ǰһץذ֣һףɫ⻪ʳһɫʣʱ׶ʵ÷飬ߴڷѩ֮еһ˶ʳƮŻصУٴλظذ׵
Хһʹôܣ
һ΢΢һЦذջУȡذ˵࣬ŵʦּЦˣСܷһ;ǳʶһо֮֮²ʹˣʵǵǲô֮ð
һ⡰ǫ顱ĻХͷûһ˿ϲƷ֮еķ⣬ǵһθо½ҲöԸ֮ѶԸˡһʲôʲôᣬȻһﵽǿȴû㡣һרһĶᣬ˵ûᣬȻ̴ԣԼֶԳ̣Ϭޱȡ
һĻֶ֮УХһӦǺһˣ˵ɡ⽣⣬ǵĴУӦˡ
Ųţʱ̫٣ΪҲ̫ͻ˱ٹҲԲҵĶ֣ǽٹȺڣҲҪԾһЩȴֻȡʱ䣬ͻƵٹڶʮǿˣҪﵽڣһҲҪˣ
Хݺݵţͬʱһָŵһӣһ׶ӵ𣬷׷׳׽ٽȥһ䣬ϱã׽ٽƶʱɢʹһò˻ȥХĹʹ˽һָ죬һֻأ˫ǰһϣָһȵرΣ
һǵ̷׷װ𣬴˷һվ֮غ£ȥ֮жʱҲٴ׶һһ£һ㣬һ˹
纫Х룬һڡ⽣֮Լĵ·йǡ·֮ѡ˵ڶһͲѰһҲջ񲻴󣬶ȻȻҪգ⣬޷Ȼ̨֪жôܹͨӷģҲ˵Ժܼ򵥵ʹ÷⻨ʱ䣬Ǿ͵˷ѣǸֵġ
ʶһͷľǱҪỨʱרѧϰֻҪջֶα㹻ˣͨʲôģǲҪġ
ʱǵصı̱׶һ΢΢һЦ׽ٽ֣дʣһ⻪һص·һ׽ٽϡֻ׽ٽʮ󷨴ӵһʮһ⻪صһ⻪תһʱ죬һǰ׵һ˴У𣬽һƬ׶ǵЩһƬس忪һͷУ׽ٽϸ·ĺХ
һ⽣ӰЩδ͵ı龡ը飬ЦʦַȻСֶλǲСܾǰˣʦֶֻΰɣ
ХԲŭϲһЦȻʦڴˣΪܲӣʦܸһر仯ľɣ˵һףʱһӱѩϣ̨ıѩ͵ؾ𣬻һ糯һϯȥ
ر仯֮һɫϸȥ֮ʲôѩһλΣӲӵĶǱ׶ּ̣ıʱ̨϶һɼ֮ǿ
һĻУһ̾Хһַǿ󣬲ٱٹȺڵĵӶ̾һ֣ԼԴ߿֮еЩڵӣҲͷӶƺϴµܹʩչֶΪп
𵤵֮Уǵ˺ǺһЦ⺫Хһֱѩصķȴǲνǡһ˿˿ܹ֮ظʹãģϴ¼ţ
⻰˶ΪһȻŲͬԬզһַȷʵ̫Сҵ֮ˣһ֣Ҳ·ֺһ棬վܹˣ
⻰״֮ˣϵҲԬɸãҲһ䣬ŪǵɫЩÿ֮ʱȴԬһָ·ˣ


ڶһ ʼʩ
ԽԽǿԽԽ죬Ҫ̨磬һɫȻȻȴȻǴɱһ̨һ𻨵ʱһڶˡ
һţ׽ٽУһת׽ٽҫŵ׹⽫˴ֱӻһ˿Ҵѩ֮С
žһ죬һͻĵطһֱ۴ϸı˳û䵽ѿ˴ȴûлƮɢֱӻһˮʧ
ע⵽ϸڵĵӳһ뵽һõֶΣԵɣȴǲʮֻΪһ⡰çײѩ籩֮еΪеϧϾǷ籩˴һȥ֪Ҫܵٴ˵ͬХʵĵӣ֧һĵӶһܱʡ
Ⱥ֮ôЩ˿˶ߣбФɽԵ˼Фɽ̩ɽȻͷЩɻȴҲʮֵġ
߿УԬɹһЦСӣ⽣Ȼʹõôĵزܻ𴸣ĿɽһϼѵӰɣ
״ȥʦ𷢻СҪô⣡
öٴһǵɫԽѿҲ֪ǰһõѡѡϼѵʱѩ֮УѩڻʹúХܹظʹõ١
ͬ㣬ȴҲΪһܹʤ˵Ⱪѩ̫֮仯ʦȻ˵ãվ̫ᣬʵսҲ̫㹻ҪȥЩΪأ
Ԭɺ״ȻƢЩ꣬ޱ֮ˣ˶Է˼һ˵ϴϵĵӱԸ㲻ʲôҲǲֵ˺ֻǴ˸ıȶ
ѩȻܹ赲ӵߣȴ㲻ʲô淢ʲôһһȥӭĵڶϻһӣ¼ѪҺ۵ס
ǵ˻ûüΪһ˿ϲɫʱɫȴǱøѿˡԬһϲֻ״Գһ˵ϲǱı顣
ԭһڳ뱩ѩ֮ӭͷıһʮѩȻ֮ʱŨһȴЩæһŵֵ˹ȥ˼һ󼰵ٶӦ˱ѩĻԱѩдʼǱȻӭ
ʮϰٵıѩĽ֮£һ׷߽ǧıгȻܽΧڡ⽣ƥٶ֮£ֻмһ߽⿪ٴζԸСıѩһͲ֣һ˽һ˽뿪
̶һʱ䣬ټıѩ㱻ɹ˴룬ȻԽ룬ԽǿѩԽܼХ룬ֻҪܹﵽ룬˺Хһж㲻ʲô
ս˵ѡ񣬲츳ܹͣҪǳʱĻ۾飬һⷬ񣬼ڳܹþ񡣶һһʽַרĵУޱȵͬҪεĥܹﵽġ
ڳҪ˵ߵķԬĪһЩֶΣԬ죬ҿûô治֪СССֶⷬεģ
⻰ǵͷˬҲӲ磬ֻ˫ûһʱ뿪̨ɫһ䣬ǹһЦ
ͬʱ״զһףХСҲЩĻأȻʹôһС
ԬҲ·ȥ˵ͷһʵ֮ʵ֮ȻСӿЩ鷳ˣ
߿֮˵Щʲô˶֪һרӦսǲɫ΢䣬һնѩ֮󣬾Ȼһֱֱĳɱ˹ǵ׹νʶȴ˲˷ֺƶ
ɽһܿعɫʱ׽ٽųȥնɱѩУȴûע⵽ХԼɽУ׽ٽԼɱ˹ɽͷٻ׽ٽȴ̫ǿ˱ֻö㿪һȴվֻһ˫ֱһ㳯ɽ˹ȥ
֣һЩܿĵӿк˲֪һٴʩչһζ˵ʤһСһϴڳĵ֮пǴûĵӣ˴֮ҲĸȤʶʮڴֵĳ֡
ѩĵĺХȻһпһЦ֣ʦܾͳԿһ棬׼׹أҵҪܲȫ߶ķɽǲУĲ־Ҫɷ֡


ڶһһ ʮù
ν֡һԼðһ֮æȥ¥˽һ飬ԭһŷ޵ƷҪĻ֮ǰһƷʯֽĳ̶ȣҹʱգŰһ˫ɴСɽĲ֡
ֲ֮ǰ棬˵ܹ֮ɽֻܶԸԼһķɽżߣķʱ⣬ͬһĴڣʶɵĸ֮٣ȡ⽣ҲԶࡣһܹɡҲǵ֮еһ漣ˡ
Կ⡰֡£ХȻ֮֮㽫֡Ϸһ飬յóۣһͻֶΣҲǻæ֣㣬֮£鼱֮¶˷ɽʧܡʶ˴һ͵Ϯͽ֡ڡһ˴ģһȫʩΪ֮£̨ͨܳƣοССһ˫ơ
Ȼһһ˫ڱ֮ϣһɾ޴˹Ҫ˫ִۣնá
һ˫ǡ֡һ˵þʹ˶ֶܣʲô֡ʵʵ˫֮У³ǾֲĽͨǿȫʩΪֵܹ֮һֶΣȻʱΪΣܷʮ˳ɷҲеģԸôһʮþˡ
ƽཻһɲǣһ˼һת뵽ѩ֮лĺХ뵽ͷսıһӣ뵽̶ֵȣǹһ΢Ц
ѽһʹһ˫쭳һѪ˫һһۣǵӨıлһǿӲĻߣֱӳһԷȥ
һĻڶڴһһƶǬĵӣ׷̾ϢЩҪ㾫ʵĵҲ׷ҡͷǸ߿֮УЩڵΪ̾𵤵֮У״ʲôֶΣȻƵ·ɽȴֻƤë
Ԭҡͷֻ֪ϾɽһȻȴԽóڷطʮ˽⡣
ǵ˳һŵһȻһţһ֣Ƿط涼裬Ȼûȴԣ˵һȥգȴǲͬΪʵ¡ʵ»ܵɽʵǲء
֮УҪ˵ʵȻԬǿҪ˵״ԵһҪ˵Էط˽⣬ȴ̫ɽһĵˡһеۣԬܶ˽ͬĵ˵ͷ
վ̨ϵ˶ԣʱ˵ʲôҪֻһץһöҩɷĩ˫һĨֹѪȥ˺۵ͬʱ¶һ˿Цһ˺ۣһЧĲ˵˵ͨյĺܺãΪ֡һ»һš
һܹõýĺХ˵ʮֺáð͵ϮѡôһʤĿֶΣյõĽһЩصѪ˵㲻ʲô
ˣһˣХҲܲ˵ʲôڱѩ֮УХʦһ˫ֹȻֶ̫ðգԺòǣ
һһԿ˿ɥһʦֽѵǣʦֳֶȴСЩҹͬˣʦСһУʦܹʤˣСܾʹǣ
˶Իûһ˿ڣ⻰һԾǸ߿е𵤵ҲڳһʲôֶΣҷųȻ
Хͷŭӣϴ¼ϵһལҲҷһаԼССһ˵ֻŭЦãȻʦ˵ȻʦֵҲܲ£Ҿʱͣ¹ʦʲôֶΡ
һȻѩз׷ɢȥֻǱѩɾ𣬿ɼĺХӦ˻Ҳڵһл㽫׽ٽջУһһң˫ͬļʱ׽ٽϵһըϵ£ֱ̨ϣǼʵ̨ըһӡƬ̣ǱըŴڴʱһ׽ٽ⻪һ˺ϱϸ
һҫ⣬
һһȣ˫һ׳׹⾹Ȼֻһֱ۴ϸ׹ÿһһ׹ɳŴΣһ־ϸʮ׹һǰ
ʮù⣬ؽˣ
һ̧ץסֵһ׹⣬һӣŵ׹Ŷ뻮һ⻹оŸһֽһ㡣
ʲôͷӿôһǸ߿еӺͽ˶ɻˡ
Ƭֻ֮˻عһһ񶼱ˡ߿УԬһĭģôܣǡ⽣ĵڶ磬ʮù⣡


ڶһ ʤ
˵˶ó⽣ͷȴҲ֪мҲ֪ġ⡰ʮù⡱ĸ֣ͬʱһ
ôܣﵽǡ⽣СˣӶûʮù⡯һٹܹɹ̫ɽǵһԾ
״ҲһŵĿԬɣҪһ͡
ԬüͷϸĿһƬ̣ųһããⲢġʮù⡯ڡһҫ⡯һߵĶˡʮù⡯żϣһûܿȥƾһ֣±ٹ棬ûеˣ˵⺫ХԸ˵ġ
Ԭɵۣ״ȻԾȴҲӦ̫ɽĵҲصص˵ͷǶԬɵ˵ʾͬ
λ𵤵οҲᣬȴ˵һһûʮ׹ƣһʱﵽֶϵ۷塣ֶħߵ߲㣬Ӱ񴫳֮ģȻʮ⣬ȴʮù⾳硣еҲǳĵġ
ôܴﵽ磡
Ϊ˶ԸһХ˷ˡ֡伮⣬ȻҲԡ⽣˽һʮ׹⣬ֱַ治ǲġʮù⡱ֻΪܹɨͬľ磬ͷľġ
ʦ֣Сܾʮùһʦְɣ
˵ţһ¶һЦݣһץɽ׹⣬һӡڽϣʱ뽣ϣ뽣֮СǵˮͰϸķɽ׹ʱԣݶ𣬳ѩ֮նȥǾŵ׹ͬ뻮һķ˹ȥ
һֽǰȻžĲͬٶȻ֮ʮɣһʮն֮󣬼򵥵㱩ѩչһӣವıУֱӳķȥ
ХȻԴУȻоޱȣȴɵһҪǮĻע뱩ѩ֮УǰʧıѩУ˲Ϣ֮԰ټǧǵĲ׷ѩһ㳯ʮ׹ɱȥ
׹׹⣬ѩֻǱѩһ֮ô򵥾ܶԸġֻýɹǰһ̻ҫıѩУ׷ױըммڵನĺ£ܿ㻯ʧ
ǧ⣬ѩƮѩУ֮ɱ
ХҲ˿֣һЪ˹Ĵ𣬵𣬽̨ϣеıѩˮɱУһնȥͬʱֽɽһףʱ⻪һǵЩ֮С˲䣬Щǵıжıпûһ
ǾǺХǿֶΡһʩչҲջأǵ÷ľɡֶǿĵطǵصıУΪע룬ÿһŷļӲ̶ȣ⣬һ㡣ȼĵУϴ¼ǰλĵӶû˸ӲӣֻǰֹһֶΣһʩչһʱ䡣ܵһ⡮ʮù⡯̼򲻻ʩչġ
˵⡰ȻСǱ׹һıоȻǿǿܹסһ鿪ǰĽʮ׹ƽٶȼ֮Կʮ׹Щ΢ġ
һ׹֮ммЦһЦһǾŵں׹͵ıһ͵٣һ䣬ȥڱ赲ʱ򣬺ȻըЩܵýģ̷飬ԶģҲƣ׷׶ŵڵءǰǱܼűеĿռ䣬ʱһ
ХæıȥһλɹһЦ䱣Һ䣡
һ䣬ʣİ˵׹⣬ϵĻȥһըѿɽһǰ·һƬ̹;
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ХһҪʩչֶΡȴһ׹תۣԾٶȴ۵ĵɽһ㳯˹
׽
һ׹֮УһȻĴ׹ֱֱȥҪںХĶըһ촰ʱһ˷ѹ˹һ˿ȥգ׹ںХ԰ɴը˿ըһɷԲľ޿ӡ
Х㶵Ŀž޿룬ֽһȻ붯֣ȴͬһţܶ
һӰ̨ǰŹɽĶӺڣҲǲýˡֻһƣĿŶˣһָһ˴ζһʦܻʤ


ڶһ ֽ
һһ󻶺̨𣬱ҲΪȾʵĶФɽһϵǳˣһ¶ϲɫԼӮҲûʲôˡֻЩͦХĵӣһǳԾ̾ϢƺԺХʧܸеϧͲš
̨ϣХ㶵ĿһǲеӣƺԼʧܲš֪ĹûܷӦɽӱѩ֮ѳûнӹ䵽ϡ
ôܣôˣХ˫ƵĶеľŹɽӣ֮мźС
ǺǱڵӣһûһô˵Ϊ˻ķû뵽ȴʣɫʮѿ㻹ģѵôͷҳ֣ʦˣ˾ˣж䲻ô
Хԣ˿һɷԲĴӣһ̣׹ͻȻתԼǲ̨ϵĽʲôǱЩ˵ͷԣʱ˼֣㶵ʵˣ
ն˵˿档תͷһʦܣսʤע֮¾ͲҵķΧˣ֮Լ˵ţתͷʧǵĺХһۣż֮ԼѪȣȻе˲ʶôʦ飬˴˲ǡ
һǹԼʱ֪ˣֻһȴҲܷյʽһҲ֮еĵʮȥ˾š̨֮г֮ڰæָҲΪǱ
⻰һ΢΢һЦֽɽ˹ֵʦ̵ֽǣʦұⲢҪƴøһֻǺʦͱˣСܲŲòΪ֮Ȼ˽⣬СȻִ֪磬ֻȡΪעˡ
ǺڼһȰǰҲɨ˴룬һ֣ǱһɽУݸһʦ£Ǽ£úʦԼֲǡ˵תͷԺХʦܣ˻Ȼ費˵ʦҲԸòʦֵҲʦֵӣ
ڽܲʱ򣬸е˸ֻǱĶԴ²ʮ⡣ֻһ˵ͨб㵱³ɹˣǰԺХȻáʱ⻰뺫ХУ뼥ûʲô졣
Х˫͸׹⿴˹Ǻ˿η壬ȵѵ㻹ɱ˲ɣ˵һߣƷųȻڣһƱ㺫ХסЩѵһһԶЩС
ãããХ˵һץǼķ±ڵϣӴץһѷɽһף˫ڽһѪ쭳žֻ䡣
㣡һĿһĻ뵽Լʧһ룬ȻܵʹȴҲⲻЩְ뵽һץǷµݸһҲһǺХɽ㳯ȥ
˶һŹ˺Хһ׽׽ĶһϾͬŵӶһ飬ûޣ˭ҲԸ̫Ѫ⡣뵽ХӲȻԶ˫֡һ̾ϢͬʱҲ̫ǡ
һȻԴĺӮ˺Х֮󣬱㲻һˡҲʹķŹѪߵһĻҲΪϧһöֹѪҩĩ͵Хǰҡͷʦ֣Ǻαأ
ХΪ˱пɣȻȽϾԼ֮ݣżƫ⣬ȴҲȱһôһ½ӻܣǱ˸ɫаͷ˫֣۶ľʱ޽һ
ʱһһ⣬ֻǷ̣һЦè޺Ӽٴȱ콫Ҵܣϴ¼õ˰ɣ㻹ٵĺáұһҲᱻģ
һ͸ߣȻọ́ȴҲԸ˵¿ηεХеԹʮףҲٶ˵ʲôֽǵҩҲһۣת̨ȥ
Фɽӭ΢΢һЦϲʦˣ
һǿһЦԵȱȱ˵Фʦ֣һսСЩƣˣȻתˣʲô飬ʦְæһ
ФɽҲ̨֮۵ףͷҲԼ뷨ŵ˵ͷʦ߱ǣڣʲôҲȥ˵ġ
һֵһлʩһ񣬱ϴȥˡ
ȴ˵߿֮УЩӷ׷ȥ𵤳ٳδߡ
ľѻѳˣ̫ɽĽ𵤵˵˵һ䣬תȥ
Ԭ״һЦ񽻻ʱȴЩ졣״˸һԴ˵ʲôҪʲôһ̳ǬɽȥԬɼ״ٺһЦԸٶȣݽɽȥ


ڶһ ϴ¼
һصϴҲС˵ʲôѰ˵طָС׼״ҲǲŲʣԹԵĽʰһζĳһ˴һܹһҲͲˡ
Ŵ֧֣֮һָҲһҹ㾡ָôһȫʩΪȻļ󣬵ָȴʮˬ˵鲻·һ֮ǰĥͲΪȵȶǶˣһγ֣ߵʵ˵ѾǾȫ·
һʩΪһΪȻûʲôҲûʲô̫ͻƣ֮ǰȴǴ˲٣ڽ˵ȴ洦С
ɾͷһ߹ұչƣһʮգţǲ˽Ӵ֪ʮղǰȴǷഫ
дǵصģʶ˷ģҲвʶ˷ģԾĴȴϵĴһʶȴɽԬɣһͲϵˣ״ġ˴֮жף֮⣬״Ĵ֮ᵽȥսҺεıʾ˶һͣϣԺл档
һŻȻԭǰ֮ô˶ҶԼڵ˭Ȼ֪ȴҲһֻЩ⡣
Щ鶼̫ңԶҲ뻨̫Щ֮УһĸȤԭФɽΪϴ¼һЩ顣
ϴ¼ǰø߲ʣû뵽ھѾ̤ˣһ̾һַ˶ű㻯˽˳ȥ
һʯǰһִһƬ̣˿ţФɽ˭ˡ
ФɽһЦʦܣˣٲǹϴ¼ʦ־͵ˣ
һ΢΢һЦСܵʦ鷳ˣ֪ϴ¼ҪЩ̣ʦ̵ֽһأ
Фɽͷһӭ붴Уʱ֮󣬱ö˻˽⳯ϴȥ
룬ǡϴġ֣һһӣ׹ϣһٴ֣ϴβͬǣھλһƬհףû˺Х֡
һӴ֮ͳһƺһһչһģƺһġֻƺͷϷ׷ֹһֳϡһƮϴ¼ϣƫڵھλϡ⻪תһֱͬһ㣬ǵھλĵط
ФɽһУЦˣϴ¼ǳˣƱʦϴ¼ӵȨҲ˵ˡΪֿԪӤϽˣʦ򲻿ɴˡսʱзӦʦոյɽϴ¼սλ۷壬һʱ䶼˲ʶġ
һԵ˵ͷȨƵˣΪʵ߲ĵġʶ뷨Фɽһ㣬͵ȥԪӤϽҲ֪һµԼ¶˶Ҳǻ£˵ȴǺµġ
Фʦ֣֮ǰ˵һ֪ʲôʱʼأ
ФɽΪһżȡ׶ȣһЦ˶ܻ£Ψʦ֮£ֻҪ׼ˣʱǰȥʦܻýǣ׶ȶҵȵȻ󣬵Ҳ֮ħȵطСĲǰ
һФɽĻ֮иҲ֮ǰСʦ˵һĹģƺԼͬȻ˵ͬ˿
һһʡã˱㻯˽ⷵˡ
֮ϴϵĹµǰ֪ͨһǰȥȻѡħߡ
ٴǰȥħߣһҲ·Ȼɣݺ;ȴǲͬˡһҲҪضŵĵָԹԵıħ֮С
һһ¼֮д㡣һʧڴ˼ıӰǿصһĽ;֮ɫ
ħ֮УһҲǰ˻죬ֻտЩħӣܹ˵ȻҪǸħҿӰȻԦ׽ٽһ뽣ϣ뱼һ㣬ֱӴ߲㡣һط߲㣬Ĵħ֪һһӵϣڷգĵ֮£׷˻ⱼӶߡ
һ״ͷϲѣò׵һλᣬúܳɣָüģǱҶ˳ų⣬ڿС
һ¶ϲɫȵնȣǶ˰ɣ


ڶһ Բ
ʱҴңת۱¹ȥħߵ߲һͨĩβһڵĵͷűҶųɫ⣬ħ׷˱ܡȻǰ˲ԣǰ͵ѪʳȴҲǰֺ
˲ãһץһöҩȥϢһʱųһתʱ䣬ڵ߲Ӷħ̶ʱ䣬ǧͷħ뱴Ҷ֮СɻǣȻ֮ӣڲǿû˵ط֮ʱܹеϣʱͻƵĸо
ѾЩ꣬һԼܹе𹦵ͬһݣƺҪĲǱʲôҲй෽²⣬ȻЩоȴûһĽ
ģΪȳԼǱǰãһѡ˽ڰ˲㣬Ҳļħľۼء
ڰ˲㲻ǵڰ˲㣬ȻеħûжȻһΣȴҲʵǷ𵱳һոͷħҲ˶١ħһͷͷͷû⣬ʮͷϰͷǧͷһűҶ֣ҲЩͷ
Ȼһһ𹦿ֵסͷħħ˿ʾľͳһҶȡŽļͷħߣ¾ͲǱҪҲˡ
һãһЦѣ˵ս£²ûʲôã˺ӣҲԿЩħ׺ˡ
һѳϵڴ֮нӺХӮõϣһ仯Ϊɫۣ̺խ⡣һ֮̾
˵һڶ෨ȴûһϲ㣬ƷȴǸķ˼˷⣬ҪԸַµʽ˽С
ǲԵֶΣ¥ҲӦƵĵ伮ɣҸʱȥͷȻû꣬ħʲôȴǲ٣֪ܲأʵڲУСӦܵõأ˵ţһ¶һ黫Ц⡣
ͨڰ˲ĿӶǰһҡͷһҪʱһ£ҽˣӦ㹻ˣȻһȥԪӤϽǲܴģСҲҪˡ
˵꣬һһ䣬׽ٽ׹ɳһӶ´ȥ
ڰ˲߲ĵβ𲢲󣬵ɷ֮ȴǵ߲ܹģһͷͷڵħƻǿȶ˵߲ħһȻһǵ֮
ʱЩħͷŶһƺڴʲôһ׹ӿ֮зɳһ˻ͬʱһּȥ
Ҷն
ֻ׹һƬƴСıҶų⣬ЩڵĴڽ֮·׷ѩڣһһһ
̧йҶУһһüģԳط⣬ȻȲñҶҲǿάֹܴ
һȺһǾҵĥʯĥɣ
һһ䵽棬ʱһһӰڶħ֮ƶЩħ׽òס
ۣ㣬ҿ
һһȣǵ޷ͨ򿪣ֱӵеģ࿴Ұͨͬ˳һ㣬ͨǰÿͨԼ֮õȻ
ͨȫ𹦣ûһɵĺۼҲûһ㴴£ΪģΪԴķͨһ֮ǰֶΣڷֶͨΣǷܹͻơ
֮ͨеͷٶȫȻȲôħȫ٣ʤ֮ͬһ㻬ħץסڹһȫ͸⣬ǷֻһɫǴ̻ҲЩħ۴С
ʱ䣬֮еħûһͷһ׷׼ץĿ֮СͬҲˣһѹɱļӴ󣬴࣬󣬼ÿһתһֲҲʣǳ»¡
ǿѹ£һȫǻۻ𻨲ҫŸְ취Ǳܿǹÿһγɹϲ⣬һ˿˿֡
ۣ㣬ƺǻۣǻƺҲһͬͨԴ޷֮󣬲˼飬һѧͻᣬǻһͨأ
ͨһ㣬֮½½ģһеԼ֮УӾ⣬ƺԼҲͨĸоƺܹųÿͷħζĲ֮ͬҲҺԼôʱ䣬֮ǰһ˲١
һʱһӰͻȻԺУȻһͷħҪ˺顣æתǴħĹһ⣬æܿʮȥ
ڷеǰһ̣һڤڤ֮иоħһܹ㿪Ȼһɲ֮ħһζʱһ죬ƾһնȻ˿ȥ
Ҳ֮ͨһҡҷͷʱһԲζͷ


ڶһ ʶͨ
ԭˣԭˣÿͨó޷ط⣬ԭҪŴͨãããһãЦϷ𲻶Щħŵò֪ˡ
һһŹôһᣬٴüĽҶȡڿͬɫ̫յЩħ۴С
һһ𣬽صľط𿪣һҫÿһطԾͱͬıٹȺڻǿһа֮ԬЩͨıٹȺܹ⡣
һڵأĳ죬дʣȴǽ䡷˶֮ȻͬСɣ仯ķ׷׷ɳ䵽ϱ㻯һɫб㻯컨׹Ѱ˿ʮãЩħȴǱǻҪĶűҶѹƣǱǺж˼ƣθǰɧš
ʶͨλ
һһȣָأʱһȻʶõдʲôȴһֻ۾һֻܹص۾
ǽһһطУʱһط֮вǼ򵥵Ĺƽƣǽмͬ۾ڻζǷžʶ֮ͨеʶͨɵס
ͨע⣬һһˬԲĸоԽӳ档֪ⲢᣬǿʼʶͨаͨҪɡ
ʶͨΪ
һȣŶʶͨĽע֮Уǰһ㣬ڷ֮·һĶʶͨҲ˳ڵĻۣһڳ͡
ʶͨΪһط֮Уʱͨ·Ȼǰͨ˵ԵЩϡվԲһҲоԼʩչͨ²⽣˷ֺ
ڻ֮ͨһеԲĸоȥ֪˿ԲĻᣬǾȥҪͻƾңңˡ
һͷҶʱ֮עһķ֮УĻᣬһȵʶͨʶͨʶͨĩʶͨҮʶͨĦʶ©ͨٹλ
䣬ִڷɳǰ֣ȴǵ࣬ʶͨĩʶͨҮʶͨͰĦʶ©ͨĸֻ֣ƺʱҪһ㡣
һɫһϲ㻭һӦķ֮Сһֽ֮УһһȻǰһγͨƣȴڷ֮дŲĹٲǰ𲻶
һʶͨע⣬ɣȴЩĻһù⡣̣֮ȱһɣǾطͻƾطǿ౶Եڡ
һ꣬һһıˮɡط˾ʶͨѹʱһ˿˿һԺԼоԼǴϢǻ۴ڤڤ֮Ժ֮Уֻ˵ඥ
ԭˣǳҲǿ޷żÿͨͨҲѿԭˣͨˣ
һ˫ֺʮط⻺ڡþžŰʮһ֮һǷٴαʱķǰ㲻һˣǰķ⣬Ȼâն֮⣬޸֮ݣڶĸоȻնȴնԼ
ķȴǲͬˣҫ۵Ĺ⣬ġȡ֡ȡԵҲܹԼԼ
ܶȼˣţȼûʲô̸ϡˣˣ
һЩħȴ࣬ҲԵûǰǰֲǰǿһ㣬Ҷ̨Ѿ롰ڡȻҪһжǿ
ЩħֻԱҶп־壬һôһϢԶԶǵñҶһ˻ų
һ΢΢һЦͨͨͨӳɫ˲֣ʱӰʧԭأƬ֮һͷħ
ĩʶͨӳնħһ䣬һɫִԺ֣һ˫ȭǴħȥһ˫ȭͷʮӲӣ·ƽͭһ㡣
ǴħҲоԾعͷһĻҪһģȫ֣ݵ㿪ԡһ죬˫ȭ޵ħϣʱһ˵һը죬ǴħһСȻըɹɷȴǱһ˫ȭľɢ


ڶһ 
龰˵ǴħһԼһæջ˫ȭһתͨһʮ⣬򵥵ıܿǴħŭһ
Ƿͨħ󷨣һԼ˫ȭ̾ѣȻҲ֪ΪŹħȻĿƣžһȭʮʮļӳɣˣʶûһ
һЩ֪ʶͨȻ˳ܹõĲʶͨʶͨʶͨǷʩչĩʶͨԼ´ʱתֻдʱ֡ĩʶͨǷžʶ֮ͨĻֶΣ֮һָ֣ǿ󵽲֪ȥˡ
ͨͨͨͨ©ͨȻ򣬵ڵĳ̶ȴǺʩչġ
ڿʼ޷ͲǻˣҲʮҪãԼץסһ㰢Ħʶ©ͨǻۣ򣬺·ɿҲ򵥲˶١
һڣ޷˽ʱ࣬йذҲ˲٣ǾʶͨĹϵ
ѶȲۣʶ֮ͨУۡڡǡʶͨǵһΣΪϾͨĶ֮ͨʶͨĩʶͨǵڶ㣬һڤڤ֮пģһǽնħĻ֮ǷͨǰҮʶͨͰĦʶ©ͨһǽֻ֮һǽ¶ıǻ۰ϵͨҲ۶һŹʱܹ°빦
ڷűһڤڤ֮еϢǻ֮иоƺŵĴвûԼǰϾ˵ƺĳңԶĵطŴУϸΣȴܹ̽ˡ
ʶͨע벻⣬һ롰ڡһͷҲ˲٣һת㽫Щ˸ٻعһȺħ˹
һ״û˿η壬һЦո޳ͨôõһ˫ȭͷмǰɣ˵űͨǰʺϵļһħ
ҶһȻոսڣȴûһɬͷĸоͨȻѧϰһЩ󿪴ϵȭƷΪģⲻ䣬һǽնħͨЩħγҲԲ׽Ӱ
ڶħ֮Уһɱļ˿ûƣ֮УȭƷɣһ֮һţѳ˷ѧķ룬м޷ѧΪһζ
˵һ;ѧиźŽ䣬ʩչմȾ֮Ϊǿ󣻶ħΪѧȻҲħ䣬֮͸һ㣬֮俪ɽѵأǱɵĴڡһֶΣȻ֪ûдﵽħˮ׼Ҳʲ廨ͷ֮ӵ䣬ʶҲԳ˷䡣
˵һ޶ȷӷֶΣȭŹ֮󣬸ǽʮ˰һһ÷ᣬˣǻ֮Ŵ󿪵̶ʱҲֱ֮УȻɬȴǽͨӵ쾡¡
һˣŪʮչȥˣʱ򣬺ѽһһԴˣԪӤϽӣǲܴˣ
˵գͨͽ⾡һĴ׽ٽɳһ㻯׹⳯Ϸȥ߲㣬㣬㣬Ĳ㣬㣬㣬һ㡭ͣķɳħߣֱӳϴ·ȥ
ɳħ߹ȵ׵ʱһӰһԵ֣ԶԶһһۣܿųһ͵֪ȥˡ
һ۵糸һϴ£ҲصңֱӳФɽĶҷȥԶԶФɽվſڣƺʲô
ʦܣˣٲҾ͵ˣФɽһæ
һ˼ĺٺһЦħµħ̫СܶЩԸˣ˷ʱ䣬ʦֲǡ
Фɽ罫һһһã˵ߵ˵ؤΪħΪ˽⣬֪һģҲʮ˽⣬̾һ֪ʦ˼ҲΪҪһ˰ɣϵĽ̨㶼ˡ
һʱע⵽Լϵڣ¶һ˿ɫ˸ץһ±㻻
⻹࣬߰ɣνǾŹɽĳϣȻ֮ҵޣɵԪӤ磬һͨͨһܾأ˵ţͬʱɽŹɽȥ


ڶһ һһ
Źɽ֮һ֮ΪһУߴǴ˵֮һʩչܹǳɱеġԪ󡱡
뵱꣬ʦڶɽ֮ʱһ󷨣ǳ֮׽֮ԿȻ׽֮ĥ𣬼˳ȾޱȣɵΪˣΪֵ֪¡
ǧ꣬ŹɽһȻ̸ΪҲŹɽһ㣬һԺı¡һ߾ǽ֮ݵ˼ߵľ磬ʦ⣬ǲϵƳɳ£󷨽չϣ߱һŹɽ
дţŹɽ㲼˵λʦµġԪ󡯡ܳӵ֮£ھŹɽϲһǡԪϢ֮УЩƽʱһǡԪŻ֮ħףڼɱ֮һ
ȻЩŶǲ²⣬ʵΣ³һĴڣ֪ŹɽȷʵԳƵһ󷨣岽һƣ²۵Ļľ֮֮֮ǰܳġӲپͨЩ󷨣ﵽĸߵĳɾ͡Źɽһ󷨵ķᱮҲǾŹɽֻԺĵطڡ
һգǾŹɽϳϽӡȽǶбڵӿţһȵϴ¼ĵӶʶ̶ʱ䣬ǾŹɽĽ̨ˡ
һФɽȻ٣վ֮еλͣȻûǵλá
ڶ˸յ˻ФɽתͷȥȴһһװףΪҲٹڵӣһȴ˿ѷЩѰӡӼФɽ磬Ȼ⼸Ҳϴ¼ĵӡ
ФɽһҲ˹ȥЦԭλʦֵܶˡ
һһǱΪһָһФʦܣⲻǴ˵еʦ˰ɣ
ФɽԵ˵ͷתͷһʦܣΪһ⼸λʦ֣λལʦ֣λʦ֣λϹٻϹʦ
Фɽһһһܣϴ¼ϵˣ˵ڶ޼ûڳĶˡһ˽Ҳһһʩ⼸˼һ΢Цм漸ּپͲ֪ˡΨڵʮλ˾Ϊ棬һЦлʦܷһȻɾ鷳ˣ
˾ʮλսӦǴӵʮλʼ˴Ϊһ뺫ХԼȣսıǺХǰһսХܱ˾ХǶһȻаʤʶϷ˵һŹһ
ԶһЦΨ˾Եʮ죬һһ٩ϵرн磬׽磬ƺ˵Ļ⣬ֱǽʽʼͣ
˵ǽ֮һɫ۵ӣ뷢ԺڣʮҪ֪֮ҪﵽԪӤڣûиϰǾԲܵġֻܹ֮Ԫ೤פˡ
Ϊ³Ȼ֮Ҳ֪ǹԭⳤϽǴ𣬲ݽ󷨷࣬󷨵ȼȽ󷨶һܡ³ԪӤڵĸ֣֮һ⣬һͷ֮Ȼô˵ͷ
࣬󷨿ɷΪļ켶Ӧ˾ֳϵؼӦɵľ磬Ӧеڶ񾳽磬ƼӦһڵɵһļ󷨻ӦɾΪƷ
һóĻˮ󡢾ŵȵȶڻƼڶƷ󷨡˵֮еĻԪ켶󷨣һƷĴڣͲö֪ˡ
Ժʹõ֣һԷΪɷţҲǶӦǶ֮֮ԼʯΪŰˡϸȥԷΪ󷨣󷨣󷨵ȵȣ෱ӣһһ
˵󷨵ķһǳĻ³Ž⣬ʩչȻһ󷨱ǾϲˡһϤϤ˽ⲻ˽һһչ֣ӻƼƷƼһƷչһͼչʾƷҲǴһ󷨡
ͼһչ˲㽫УЩ𵤵Ҳһɼȳ̶󷨵ڸһƷǴԪӤһ󷨣³ҲʩչһҲΪ⣬㹻ˡ
õʱǹʮֶݣһɢ˸ظңһҲصԼ֮С֮ǰʱ⣬ѹĿǰ̼񾭡Ŵ˴һ֮ƺһж
ҵһһǻҪʱܹӦһͬԼԼĦʶ©ͨǻͨǻ۲֪ʶڶԴӦ䣬˼
һİյԼڵҲ֮ǰԼΪ˴ƺıЩ档֮ʱܹ̤꣬н֮󣬾Ȼ̣һζ֣ɱȷ˵ĵ˻˵Ǿ˵ƣȴӲķȥȻÿÿΪģõôȥܲȴ
һ롰ڡͨ⣬ҲԼЩԵɣ޹ǰΪϵıӰ롰򡱣ҲʼҪ飬գҲܹסԼٻԼ
Ϊԣ޷ǰ޷˵֮ǰĻۼþҪٴλۣ˵ȻͻƵĺۼҲԸǿͻƣˮɲõ
ƽ֮жȹ£÷ѵķѣ֮ʱСѧʰݡʱɱ֮һ˿֮⣬ƽ֮ϡФɽ̾ѡ
һգһ붴ң̧һӣһ֪Ժ£΢΢һЦת˶ңɳϴ¡


ڶһ ·
ʮ֮һһͬǼϣԱһûʲôҲû˿仯ν˷ǡ˾Ȼڣ˵ľȴǲͬˡ
Фɽ⣬Ȼɻһʦܣ֮иһݹһܹ̬ůɽ֮бȷ׸ӹʵʵݲһ˵ĵһݣʲô겢ô򵥾ܹġʶҲûʲôУȻı
һι伯УһһĿʼһ׷⽣ȻȺ磬ХĶϴ¼һССķ𣬵һı仯ݣΪʵƽһľҲϴһ
УһĿĳԱڴʲôջ⣬һԼҪɡ
λʦʦ㣬СܻһҪұѰλʦʦ㣡
⻰ФɽȻʲô飬ȴҲϸʣֻǵСģæԵȥˡ
һһ··һƬ̯λ˹ȥһøɫʽһ׮׮һڷڵϣгذףη뻹ڷһ¡Ϊһμϵһ仰
һˡϳƷԾƷԭ򣬼ͬ෨֮еƷȻûаڷųⷨʮ߽׷Ҳ㹻ȫ⼯ԱĶڵӣļ⣬ϳһæ˼ǮҲ۱Ѹȥ±֪Լ˱һ㡣
ǰʱһδ¼һΪҫ۵ĴڡȻʱ£ڵ֮ŲСӰܿϳһԽԽ࣬һʱ䣬һ̯λϱˣʼ۵ģǿɫģֻʶʶһˡЩҪĲǻʯˣʯģֻ̾Ϣѡʱ䣬ʮֵǧʯķˡ
жǧʯһҲΪԵãһ´磬㼱ææȥˡҪ˵ϻЩģߴĴߴȴòȥԭ
ĥĥ䣬ݶˡС׽ڶߣȻģһȴ֪˵ļľˡ
̾һϴμ֮ʱ˼С׵ϲʳ˴αһҪָŶԼζȥԸһߡ˷ʱ䡱أ
ȻϴǸŮӲһٴγһȴĳϴε̯λȥȻٴμǸŮӡ˴ΣŮɫӽһƺþһ㣬ЩӵȴԵЩִٲ
һ΢΢һЦǰ̯ϹȻݣȻûȴҲЩĶȻϲãС״ߴٵȴ֪ЩǲĶ
һŮһͷҲΪ΢΢һЦСЩһʯȫˣ
⻰Ů˫۷Ź⣬æͷ̯ϵһ飬˸Ǯǵûһ̧ۣмۻһ㡣
һһ㶣ҪôЩʯô
Ů¶ɫ˵ͼǮˣˣ
һ״ԼʲôϷҸŮĲͽһ㣬Цһæͳһʯ˹ȥֽݾ˱Ҫȥ
ǣһţݷ£ȥˣ
⻰һüͷ΢壬תͷȥȴһ湫ǰһָԼ㻭
һһ۱㽫湫ӿһ쾳ˣϢ鸡ȻǵҩѻģһʵСŮȲϡעķͬڵˣһһңϢȣȻǱٹڵ
һϲ鷳Ҳµˣֻǰ˱֮󣬽ظ̵ԵҲܹ΢΢һЦ֪λкָ̣
ǹӸʮ㣬ȵ˵һ㽫Щ£ʯջȥȻøʲôʲôȥɣ
һŶһתͷŮȴϳ˽һ˿ޡʲôϷ룬ͷҲֻװ֪ΪΣ
ǹӸһΪʲôӽôôҪҴ򲻳ɣ
һҡҡͷףԸ쾭壬ʲôԵֹδǿ˰ɣ
ӸһĲԸ⣬һš֮ɫãҪ䵱ӢۺúҾɱӸ䣬Żϣ˵˫һӣһʿ
ɫһ˶һСӣȻǻƹӣ첻ÿģ˵ţŭһһһңȭͷһ˹


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䣡һһ۱㿴ԷֶΣɵѧɵᾫѧҲƫƮݺ鶯ʵսȴԶԶħ䣬һ²ΪԵСһҲԷӦǲڼֳ£ѡֶΡ
˵ġ䡱Դˡ䡱һУȻòǿʵȴûһ˿Ʈ鶯֮У©ٳȡɣ˾
˫ȭлһԲǸİˣһ˫һչȴʵ죬ȭžž췢ûȵö˷Ӧһһɾ˳Ƶõһɲͣ
һĻ䡢Ż˳Ծѣǻչӱףָһܺãܺã㾹Ȼһ֡
һԴмһЦҲֱӴˣߵСŮǰʯȥɣ·Сġ
һĻŮĪľðģ˵ͷ㳯Ⱥ֮ȥֱصвŷӦȴˡ
СŮȥһһЦһ仰һ˿ʶֶͨΡڷžʶ֮ͨУʶǿҲҪ˵ǿνĿڰȫһſڡʩչܽ˵ܽ˵õѷĿܲսʤ֮ʶ֮ߡ֮ͬЩļˣû̫ãʯƣǧ㻨ԣҲ޷Ҳǿ֮ͨ
һһһ˿ͨСŮԺ֮ȴʵʵڷãЧΪ⡣
ǻƹӼһһ仰㽫ŮӽߣŮˣƺû˫۶ʱͬһ㣬ָһ㾹Ȼӷ
һҡҡͷ²Ը֣ѻǺΪ֮ɣ˵Ҳͷߡ
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һɿ죬ϵüһΪ˦˵ʱ򣬺ǰֱһܣͨһ֮£ɫȴ΢΢仯һ
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һҲ𻰣ֻǵ˵ͷˣͺХˡʱ˫ȫɼǽ˻ȥ֮ãСȴǲѡӻȥˣȴҲ˽ǣҪȫָ»ѵʱͲ̶̼ˡ
ͺХȻɫȻȴڲزסԹĻ棬ǺХ˶ʳ졣
ڴʱ󷽽ХǻƹӺ˭ˡ˽½⣬ûƹæǰ˹˹ֵλʦ֣СŲ
΢΢һЦǺХصص˵ͷͳһɽ˹ȥʦˡ
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Х÷ĵ˵ͷϵĵȻͬһ˺ȥ֮һĺ֮⣬һ
һʱ֪Լǰʲô竹ӵϷŮӵϷ룬һʼǳԼģСŮҲԼ۰ˡ뵽ɵ¶һЦ
Ǵͷ˵һ˵ҡͷû뵽ʱʦܻЦóӢܣȴǿϧˣ˭¶ô飬ôˣǷծǮɱ˳ԹԹг𱨳ʦɹֲҰ
ʦ֣ҪСӶ˵ʱȻǼеĸ߷ڣûʲôҪֻǳ磬֦ĺã
վǱʱ˫֣ҲҪһʹ࣡
һһ䣬һüͷһ˵һرģױ㱩£װײܱȴȼͷĻνŭ񣬱ŭһȻЦλʦֵǻ˵ԻΪܶԸô


ڶһ һʤ
һ⻰ɫвͬЦһЦɫһ䣬תȻЩңǺХһ׺ᣬݺһЦҧгݵ˵Ϊʵǿﲻ̨û˻һһǾȺ֮ҲҪ
Ⱥ֮һмҡҡͷ̾ΪʵҲͰˣû뵽һҲҪˣҲգҲգҸһΣȥúøĹ°ɣ˵ţһĨ׹׽ٽƾС
ڴʱǻƹӺٺһЦΪҾ͹ŵˣû뵽˱Ҹţ˵תͷ˵λʦ֣˾Ȼ£ȻҪȺҲһ֣Ҳԩԩг𱨳𣬳һڶΡ
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ӦǻƹӹһЦֱǰȥʵڳ֮ȴҲֻվǴ߹ġ
һöԷƣҲ⣬˻׽ٽʱ׹⣬㳯ն˹ȥνȳΪǿ꣬Ҫսսһһɨǰĵŭһ־Ͳ顣
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Ȼһһǿ󣬵˷֮Ҳסһ̣㹻Ŀռʱ䡣˶ǱٹʿȻʵˣҲЩ顣Ϊվڶ󣬲ûʲôףһ𽣹⣬ҪһֵĻṥ󷽡
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߾㣬ʵΪϣǿһֳѹԵʵԷ̬ת䣬ˡ
һ˵ͷ˿һԵĺХ˵ʦּȻˣʦҲ̫ΪѣϣʦֽҪ£ݹҲˡ
Хڱһһл֮һֱǵͷϢѣ⻰͵̧ͷ˫۲Ѫ˿ҧгݵⲻܣô̶̼ܶ¾ôǿԲܣűٹڰ
һƲƲ죬ٹڣǰ֮ǰˣ˵ţһһɱƽʱǿϢų


ڶ ߻ħ
˵һ֮ǰʵǿϢȴ𡢺ХѷһĻǴ˿̷ųϢһ㶼ˣԼһɸǿ󣬰ԵϢǱУڳס
ϢһżգһָܿǰǴŴȥЦݽ˿һۣŵ֪λʦֿˣ
ʱǱһӽϴæ˹һźöԸһģŸеǹϢһɫѿͬǱٹȺڵɫȿϻ̡һűٹȳھͽܣٹڽХܣʱ־ͽѹ¶˱ٹȺڵΪʵѾˡ
һĻЦŵ˵ͷһûгԹȴХӣֵһϵĺöų֡λһһ˱ܽ˴ſ£ﻹҵʲôֻܹ뿪ˡ
ХǸеһǹϢ֮󣬱ٴδͷȥ֪ЩʲôʲôᱻһǲˣһĵЦݣʦֳʦֶ̣Ͳˡ
ǻƹӼһһгֽѹͳԾѣҵҪߣɴ౻£֪Լߣ˫ȴվԭءֱǸϣԺһЩ
ʱԣʹΪڰǰٹȺڡ޷롰ڡԣ㲻þϲһҲû̫һ£˭Ҳֱ֪ճ֣Ϊһ£ŷſ
ǰһЩ˵ȻͺХʵҲ֮еĻݣþħɱʲôȤ෴ǻƹӹһ˿Ȥֵλǽƹӣ
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֮һƹӷſתͷХһ˿ɱһֶšͨͨûбȫգܹʩչһ㣬ֻܶΪԶѷʩչ֪ҲǶԷǿҵĶ
ͷһһ֪˴˴¼ĴţԭǺХһֲ߻ƺЩݵĻƹӶġСŮȻ벢ûв£֪Ϊʲôһ
źХһ˼תףվǷŹһϾڵĵ̣ɱ붷ǲͬĸԷҳɱˣ׼ȴҲðŷաΪɱԼðգԼȴǲֵΪɱǶðաϾһǵֵǮ
һ׼ǵʱǻƹӵ֣æˣͺХ󣬺㲻ɱңҵǽ𵤵ӣڵĽ𵤵ӣ㲻ɱңɱңҵɱģ
⻰һü𵤵ȷʵڵܶԸˡͱĶԣҲὫ𵤷һЦѵܹסô
ƹɫҰףͺХ䣬æʦ֣ʦ֣Ҫɱңס˵ţһԵǰƣƺһɱܽޣܷһ㡣Ϊ𵤵ӵĸװţֶ֪Ȼŭ£ȴҲ˿
һۿһĻԣôһӵͺХȲϣ᲻ֵһҡҡͷҪתȥ
ڴʱһȴһߵ
תͷȥǺХĿĳԼͷðвѪ˿һ֮˵ֱħûʲôߵĽ֮һ߻ħ
ģܳħΪĥΪͻƣʲô߻ħХˣȴڱһ֮󣬵ıľѾħıԵһսܹնɱһѩޣȻľԲȫȴҲһħһô򵥾նɱģǷֽѹʵѾԱˡ
³ɺһӿͷλϴ¼ϵ߻ħ


ڶ ͻɱ
ʦܣ״һæڻХħ֣ﻹü˵ʲô˫ͨ죬ֻǶһţСɱɱɱͣ
һü֪߻ħ˲ԵۣѪУƻͬǿҲ˰ˡ
ʦ֣ʦѾ߻ħǻˣΪֻ֮·һסûָǣڶˣһ˵
Ҳˣ߻ħβ⻰ֻõ˵ͷ»ʦδˣ
⻰͵ڽȨԼһҲûпһãֱ̧һ׹⳯Хȥ
ХȻ߻ħ־壬һʵȴǱж֮еıȴǼоΣ٣Ҳ㲻ܣ˫͵һƣһ׹һը
һöԷȻҰԼֶΣȻֲޱȣȻǿԼȼ磬ʱϲǺХ˹һãˣͬʱ⻯׹ֱӺ
׹ǰͬ׽ٽΪ壬ٶȶǰĺХȻȴҲϲܣһ˫ǰһϣʱһǿס
һԿţȻǰʵȴǻûܴﵽܹ뷢ĺХԺסִ硣һһͣǰһŵɱ⣬æʦ鰡
һмһЦȻҲųúХ߻ħ֡͡ɱ˵뷨ȻƣҲͷˣϾХ˲˫ַϹʵͣҾ˴߻ħҲ֪ҪָܻʵԼв͸Сˡ
뵽һһХ׽ٽջأһʩչһ˫˫ƹХȥǺХո׽ٽвȴеǰһвԴ֮£ͬ˫ȭעһ˹
ˣһӴͨһתз񲷢˫ƶ˫ȭӲһ𣬶ʱһͬһһ˫ƺ˫ȭĽ紦ⴵ÷ɳʯ
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һҽУɳ֮һӰͬڵһ˳䵽ϣԶԶȥǺХ˭ˡɳ֮Уһ߳ϲޱ˵ʦͷķ֮࣬뺫ʦϣӦþûˣ
ŵײ֮ǿѾ˱ٹܴﵽˮ׼ʱ˸סúХɳһ㶣ֱһڣŻعæͳķһںХϡ
źХõķ£ëѪľѣתͷʦܣʦ⡭
һ˰֣߻ħȻҪõҩ㽫ͻȥҪ˼ѹˡ˵ϵĻҳȻ򵥵һƣ˼ڴˡƾԶХһ˲䣬㽫ƫλãûʲôԵ鵤ҩҪʮܵ
Ȼߣһʵ㣬ﻹ˵ʲôֻŵŵĵ˵ͷָ̧˼öҩХС
Ȼʦ뺫ʦֽã¾ʦְɣСܻЩ飬Ҫˣ˵ţһȱҪȥ
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һ÷ĵ˵ͷַų׽ٽҲһۣҪȥûзԶʱһתͷȥȴǺХתȴһץסǻƹӣЦƺ˵ʲôʱڿеһ
һͨ򿪣ʱɫһ䣬Ӷң
⻰ǺХ֮ɫŨֱ㳯ƹͷȥȾ룬һٶٿҲԸϵϡֻúХ䣬ǻƹͷʱһȭͷĿ
Ѫܵ˫֣ХЦһҪңûҪһ

һɫһ䣬һִ׽ٽһ罣׹⣬ȥԭͨ˺ХĻȴҪɱ˻ƹӼ޻Լͷϣǽ𵤵ӵĸɱԼȹƣֱɱ֮ͬˣ֮ݶһҲû뵽
ʦ֣ߣǲߣҪɱХ¸´Цƺһ㶼һһȰ˵
֪Хļƻǰһвǵʯ֮䣬úХѣźȻԼȻ㱻Х˴ϲ£ԼҲӡֻ֮α֤һݺǻƹӵĸ׷ҲԼܹġ
һ䡰úݡҪ𽣹⣬㳯ȥ˵ֻҪصϴ£Ҳǰȫˡ


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һͨͨȫ˾ȫͷ˼һת㽫ڳ˴˼աһЦó뺫ХͬļǹǾɱڡһ׹ȥͬʱ뽣ϣ羪װ׷׹㳯Х˹ȥ
ǰХɱŻ˵һ֣ӣʱҲ׹һ𽣹㳯˷ɶݶȥ

һһ׹֮£ֻкХץŻƹӵʬЦָһǺηӡǰɱƹѾһ˿ľﻹһֿ֮һը죬׹֮ǻƹȥˡ
ҪɱڣȷʵҪһնɱʣµˣ֮Уͬбӣȴͬķ𣬽ȻȲһڱٹҲѵõĿˡһһˣ׾ͳ©֮㵽ʱʲô𵤵ӣԼھʹȥˡ
ڴʱһһͣ˦һ׹⣬ȵСףٶ֣ɱˣ
ǵ׹СףһĻȻĽһȴҲһ׹⳯ɱ˹ȥ
һ״׷ȥͬȿѵ£ȻҪѡԼвġʱвȴָԷʵָԷ˵ܵĿ̶ܳȡΪƹӵȻʵ𣬵ڻƹǽ𵤸׵ǰ˵ĿŶȻҪ˲١𣬾ȥ״һҲǿԶŵġ
⽣Ľ֮һΪ£һԶ˵ٶȣΪߣʵҲǿ׷Ǳ
ӣүҪɱǣǲȥܵģ֪㲻ȥֻһ߷ɶһġ
һǹһЦݣ飬㽻ʶˣҶԷԼйԹ
ǹӶˣȻϣǱϾأֻҪǻȥζܱʱһҶܺùȻˣβɴȥǹӣⲻȫô
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һҲһУǱ̨֮УնҪɵϰߡ
ˣһת㳯׷ȥٶȻ죬ԷȴҲΪһ־ɱˣ𵨺ѣǴ߷Ǳƽʱ֡
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һһſһҪʶֶͨμӳֵɽϡڴʱһƹâεضǰһ衣
һͷһϲʹͨ뷨𷨾ʱŵĽӰͻأĳǰҡһֵġ⽣ڶʮùֶΡ
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ƹǽǰͷź˭ҲˡΪľŵ׹⳯ը˹֮죬֮ǿͲֿܹġ
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һʰЩȻɱ罻Сףɫȴһ㲻áͻأֵɫǽ֪ⶨȻ˳ˣȻǰԼγǽ֦鱾ǲ֪ģ˵ֵһɱڡ
һüͷ΢壬һָɫǽȵʲôˣɣ
һȽУɫǽ⻪һαʧʧĵطȻһʱһӰ֡һϤӰ֮дʦܣѵҪɱô


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Σ侲һҲɵóһɻĿӰʵФʦ֣
һϤЦӰջФɽЦĿһʦܿǳһ
Фɽ˵ʮɣһ˿Ȥζͣһȴô򵥵顣ͨͨȫ£ȻԼôûܲ˵ԷΪʵԶԼǱʲôطܹܿԼͨ
ͻȻФɽһﻹƽһԴ˽е׽ٽ̽ԵʵФʦ֣ǣ
ФɽƺһĶɹЦݣָָһصĳⲻǺôΪ˰ʦɱڿ
һüͷһ壬ɫ;˹˵ǰ飬Ϳˣ
Фɽ˵ͷ˿ܻ˵ҶˣȻҲŵˣ
һԣɫ˿ӵãʦֿ֤ˣʲôƹӿɲɱģʱǽ𵤸ɱҪΪǰ
ФɽԾȻЦһЦҡͷָһʦܰʦܣȻǴģ˼˹ΪҲʦǲ̽ңһ£㼴ûɱǻƹӣҲΪ˶£ǽ𵤸οݣοǸ׿ǳụ̂Ǽ˱۸ҪȥģοưոݡοưոˣһɱôЩˣ𣬻ϴ¼ϵĵйעĵӣܻɹôɱ¾ͬŵɻģȡΪΪˣأʦ˵⻰˵ĿǶ벻ԣ
һ⻰̽û뵽Фɽͷͷǵһ޶ɵ̬һǲ⣬׸ɱǸΡ
Фʦ֣˵Ķԣһ䣬Ǹʲôģ
ФɽϵЦݣ֮ɫҷű˵ˣǰʦɱڵġ
ɱڣѵͲҽҲɱôһ˵ţ׽ٽ
£ȴֲ£
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Фɽָָһ׽ٽһսҼʶʦܳȺʵʵ˵ϴ¼ѰҲֻģҪʦ׼ɱң춨Ȼһ͵ξܲء˵ȴΪʦܲɱҡ
һ⻰ǽʵԼã
Фɽ΢΢һЦһʦɲϤʱɱˣҪ֮£׳©ôһ·˳֣Ȼᰲȫ٣ʦܲѪˣҲмֽ飬ʦԲ᲻ױǳɱ֣ʵ˵ʦֵıֶҲᣬֶλһŵġ
һʱǰФɽϢô֪ԼȻʵԷҪɱҲЩѣФɽһǽȴȰ˵ĻͷҲ˾ŵֻ֪ʦʵǿû뵽ϹҲֻǲ֪ʦ׼ΰҡ
Фɽ⻰֪һԼȰЦýʦ֪ǰܹ֮ܿǵȴΪżȻõһֽ֮
ݣһԾϹжܹ£ٶȱȽҲ˿ѷɫĶ
ФɽһЦʦûȥ¥飬ϹʱڲҵʿĻƽʱֵطڣĴ඼ȱȫȻź֮޲ȴԶԶˡ㱻޲ȻҲܵصߣٶȺȴǲ˲֪١ֻСɣȴܹʮڴ֮УѰ𵤶ܷ֡ҽЩƬ£˭Ҳܲһۼ˵һʧŵЩƬʲôĶˡƬ֮ԳӰȻǽЩˡ
һФɽϸĽ֣üͷ΢ʦֶθҲ㲻øɾ䣬ѵбֶΣһ˵ˡ
ФɽһЦʦ˵òͷһϺõıܹɻǣʮ֮ڿ޷ֱֻ֮ܽأҪѻҲǲܣ˵ţóһöɫһƣһ̷УȻ
һԹһУФɽһһʩչ˼һ˶Է뷨ȴǹ¶ԼԳԼİˡ


ڶ ƼҸ
һФɽ꣬ſڵȻˣФʦҹȥһˣĲ˵ʲôƹڻһ£ѶһҪЩˣ
Фɽ޲ɣ˼Ԧɽԭ·ϻأըصʱֻСͻʱȴС׺ӡ
Фɽ״һʦǰųľͷôϢףβͣβǿڵްʦôӵôǿޣ
ڴ£һ̸ֻ˵һ˵㳶Фʦ֣㿴ܲȡǻƹӵĻǣǲУ¾鷳ˣ
Фɽһ˵֪Ҳ׷ʣ˵ͷƱȡһƣȴûзӦФɽ״ڱһ㻭ʱһɹɱǰʮĺͬһƬ֮󣬱̴ӵ³뱦֮УԳǻƹӺǺХ
ФɽһתͷһʦܿԷˣ¼һʧˡֻҪܹĻӦþûˡ
һתͷ˿СףȴС׽ͷƲһߣʱ֪Ļǣ²ǱС̳ԣǾǱת˻ǵĺʧ˼ˡ
һЦФʦ֣⵹ǲˣ̴ӣ˭ҲỨѾǷñʲôģ˾ˣ˭Ҳ֪ġ
һ֮е˸Фɽ˵ͷˣʲôȴǲ֪һƬ֮ϣФɽʹ֮һƬ²֪Զȥˡ
С׿һϹһ˫ۿһһҲֻܻʼ磬ط֪ҲФɽߵġ
Ƭ֮Фɽص棬΢΢һЦڸʦͷҲд˰ɣ
һ˵ͷһһȵļУСܻЩҪ򡣡
ФɽԹһЦʦ˵ĶԣȻҪȴҲܷĸҲЩҪҵͬȥɣ
ͬȥͬȥ˵ţ˳СֶνմȾĳȥĺۼһЦиȥڶڽţ˭ע˵ĵȥֶΣ˱뼯д֮УµĹԼҪĶ
һ˴ĶһʯˬޱȡȻεĿģҲ˲ٺöһ죬Ȼһ̯λһƤӣС֤Ƕʮ֮һ˵ʲô׻֮һĿľǡƤϵƺ֮ǰȡβ𻢺ͷҪܶࡣȻȶжֵһ֪Ȼνйϵںʯ£ȻҲˡ
ʱȥһжƽ˾˵ƺûκ˷һФɽҲ˼֡
õգͬеˣФɽһĶ֮С
ˣһҲεĽС׷˳С׼ȻԼβȻչ¶ֻ˸ط˯ͷȥˡ
С˯Фɽ޵ʦܹȻȻѱһͷڵޣͨ飬˻ǱЩϲŮʿˣȲʵ͵ȼΪģʯҲ˿ϳġ
ФɽĻһͷЦʯ֪С׵ʵݣᶼˣҪ֪ħ֮һĺƷƵ׷С׼ء
ȻСŵ̽ͷһ˫۾ФɽһʱФɽоԼƺ߶סһ㣬ҶֱСٴ˯ȥһһĿһ
ФʦֻǲҪˣõʱҶƲסأ
ФɽһĭȻ˵ǱȫƵģ˲ǲˣܹС״ϢȴǲԼһС׵Ŀȡ
˵ΪҸٹȴҪһʦܡֻû뵽ʦޣѹ޿ˡ
һҡҡͷʦֿˣʦֵطͱʱǷˣǻƹڼҲйڣϲ˵ҲӲأҪлʦֵİǡ
ФɽǫȻµû⣬ǻƹӵĸҲһ򵥽ɫ»вأʦܻ׼
ʦֶǻƹӼ֪٣֪ԱӦԡ
ФɽͷȻȻҲ֪֮࣬ҲʦܲοһǻƹӣԭлݺʦҲˣǲݰһҲˣ㲻ʲôǸ׻ƵȴһǱ֮һ̫ɽϵĽ𵤵ӣһΪﵽ𵤺۷壬ڵ֮һˡ


ڶ ҿ
ФɽԻƼҸӵʶһɫ˼֡ǻƵǵݺʵȴ൱ĺˡȻȲӢĽزڵ֮ȴǽڵĴڡΪѾﵽ˽𵤺ڣǽ۷壬ܹһ룬鵤Ӥͻ仯
ԪӤС֮Уţ̫ϳһˡڣҲһϣԿ̳񡣼ֻ³ϣҲŵľ߲㣬ܶ鶼˵ϻˡ
ȻһȻԾͷȴֵûһ˿µֻ˼׷ףҳһķӣǶ㣬ӣѳڡڵȴǷƽ˾ûʲô֣Ҳûö
ʱФɽ꣬ͣƬ̣һҳʲôһ˿⣬ȴʲô
һ̧ۿФɽһۣͣͷһ뷨¶һЦ
ФɽЦݣɵЩ죬ʦ뵽ʲôˣѵг׽µİ취ô
һҡҡͷʱûг֣ϢҲ֣ٿǶǰ׷ѣֻҪԼĵߣӦˡ
⻰ФɽǺһЦ޵ʦ̬⼸Եǽɱ֮ʱ˿Ƿɵأ˵Фɽ仯ԶǱнǣѵʦľûһôҹ۲ʦôЩʱʦԲ˰
һüͷһһصЦʦˣСҲ֪Ȼûʲô⣬һȴΪΪ⡣ʦȻǲΪġ
Фɽɻʦξûиأ
һԣתͷ˫ֱֱĶФɽڵʦ˵أ
˵Фɽôһ˵ͷԡ
һһЦʦִ˴γ屡죬СͶأ˵ʦһ㶼ûУǴ˻ǲҪ˵ˡǱ飬ͨɫʦﻹЩһöɡˣǲҪˣֱ˵˱ǡСܾÿУǰ˱ǣǿǣǲеĻǾû˵ˡֻҪʦ㲻ȥܣǾʹ˷ֵҲδɡôʦֻ˵ô
һһĻФɽɫ˼䣬һЦû뵽ôһ㱻ʦܿʦܶ˵ˣʦֵٲ˵Ҳû˼ˡ˴γְæԼĴ㡣ҲҪʦܰæȻʦ׹ˣһɣǵпӹһ٣пܻĺô֪ʦԸⲻԸ⡣
ĺôһüͷһʦֿʲôƾݣտ˵׻㲻
ФɽһЦӻͳһöƬ״ݹʦ뿴
һ˹һüģ̽ȥɫ쵵ĻԺ֮Уһ֣һͼ񣬷׷׳֮֡ɫ˵򣿡
Фɽ˵ͷ򣬻߽飬Ǹ߽洢ϢĶ֪ʶȵȣ洢
һ˵ͷ֪֮ģ֮бŵնɱ츣֮õȴССһƬûĶƺҲû档
ФɽΪһڻ֮£ǺһЦʦҲûɣȻҲ򣬵ȴʹõЩͬǹʱʹõģڵ¼꾡ǣԴһ˿ʿĸǲǱǿĵط
ԣһȻˣǰЩ磬ƺĳ˵һ㣬ȻФɽԣвϢʿĸ
һ˵ФɽҲʵʦܣöǱ飬ͬһһ֮صõģҪʦ̸֮йϵ
һһʱȤڵФʦֵ˼ǣ
Фɽָָ򣬵ʦһȥ֮أ˵ܹõĺôıܵöҲûȫŪı顣ǿǵڵʱõģҶǱٹ̳û׼͵õĺöء
ФɽɿԵһûӦһɵ˵ФʦֺܹҵʱõôͲὫɱ˶أ
Фɽ⻰˵һ㶣һЦʦ˵Цˣ˵ʵԴʦܽ뱾ŵһҾͿʦˣô˵ǰʱФɽһЦ⣬ȴɫһƺҪһ𰸡


ڶ ׼
һһЦĻ˵һ㶣˼ת÷ɿ죬Фɽ浽ڵл棬Ĺһ顣ʱСױ˲򵥡һδεĽӴĿΣȴǶԼΪչˡʱһо֣ΣⷢһУԼФɽһ䡰ҿ㡱ԼԼһоǴ𰸡
ͬ˫۶ŶԷһ˵ͷţ֪Ϊʲô
ФɽһЦǱһ㣬ñ鷢ӫӫԣФɽƹԽǹԽǰĵط΢΢ⱦ飬ڿ־һʲô
ФɽջأЦʦ֪˰ɣ
һ˵ͷⱦҲС׼ȻʱûпҲЩ죬鱦֮ƺһԲķƷҲߣϸʲôȴûŪʱСһȴǱܾˣϾͷ˵ͷҲв٣òű
ȴˣǵһμʱǱһ˷ӦФɽעһδ¼һԼٶȴڵĳ̶ȣ˴֮£Фɽôһ˼
Ȼ̯ˣФɽҲΪԼļ㹻һģ㽫δһһһ˵ФɽϴȻֻͷ֮ȴΪ˽⣬һȻ˵ϵˮ©ȴҲΪ꾡һʱ䶼ڵͷʱһҲ׽
һʱ֮Фɽ˵꣬ȴδĿһʦܿɻʲô׵ĵطô
һһ룬״¶ЦʦּƻܣС˼֮¾ͽʦ죬Сûˡ
ФɽһãץյｻһžͷФɽǴһľ뿪һĶҡ
ʱ䣬ФɽÿնǰѰһһʱʮУ˶΢΢Ծ뵽ͬϴ¼ϵĵӣû롣գһФɽͬʱǰħߡ
ħ⣬ǺڶĶڣФɽЦʦܿ׼ˣ
һ˵ͷ׼ˣ
˽һЯħ֮С˶Ǿħߵһ·ȥ·һĲ㶼һӶͨĶǰ
ͬȥ
ͬȥ
˹һЦУܿ㣬һͷͷħȥö˳֣ӿ
ɱ
󺰣ʩչֶγЩħɱ˹ȥ
һԸħֶζ࣬⽣׵֮רſħķ⡣ȻʱФɽڳȫʩչԸЩħȴҲ̧һף׽ٽ׹ɳʱһħϣħ۵۴Уͬʱһϣȭɱȥȭͷҫ㽫ħɱһ㡣ʱתħӡħ
һİԵȣФɽֶȷʵЩͬͷһɫâ㽫סЩħýФɽ򰲰ȵʹųЩħնȥФɽʹóҲȻзɽԸħк׵֮ЧҲںأָһħ㲻ϵĴѹһʱ㽫ħûл֮ʱ֣һħӡħħ֮С
˸ֶζͬѰϾȺ֣ڶԷвɵöһ˿϶˸ʩֶΣЩħʱȻռϷ磬һ̨ͱҶֻ֧ȣФɽȴЩŲסˡ
ʦܣռ˶ħˣФɽ˿ͷЩĻɫâź
һһȭһͷħתͷʮöӦˣ
ФɽԿЦԼʱ俰Ūʮöħ裬һȴܵõʮöҿԼöԷʵ֮ǿˡ뿪ˣнȥǸصطԽǿȻԽá
ʦܣħֻҪʮö㹻ˣǻǳȥ˰ɣ
һͿФɽЩ֧Ųסȴûпڣֻ뿴ĵȻڿˣһȻֹ˵ͷã
˼Ȼ㲻ɣʩչһֶνħˣȺԦ㳯Ϸȥħ߶ǰֶӰ
ФɽɫЩƣǿһЦʦܣȥħϽˣҲ㹻׼ӵʸˣ
һ˵ͷ˱㳯һˣʶħ߹סȥ


ڶ Ҫ
֮ϴϷɳٶ˿ĳɽȥһ·ɳɽɵΧڵķ֮ء½һФɽˡ
ʦܽһȴûɣФɽЦʵ
һ澫ɨУȻʮַ¥֣˸ﲻв쾳ʿһҪﵱĳĶˡ
ڶʦţȴûͣϴϣѰȻûмʶһȻޱȡȴǲ֪ΪαһطΧӡ
Фɽҡͷʦˣ˵ȻΧפأΪΧġ
ѵԼĲɣһԾ
ФɽһЦ⵹˵İ˾Ųʮˣ˴ȻΧȴΧڵļ彨ġټһ죬СҶ֪ж٣ο塣Щ֮Уһ˺ʵӵܣͷ͵ȻŵӣҲʮҫˡҲ֪֮еԭסȻʱҪǿ֮ЩүСԸЩŵӵĴֻȻǴ˼ʹǰһҲֹǧĻۣطģЩŵ̫ݣ⼸ǧֹĹģҪʮֹ
⻰һҲԵɣ̾ԹӢ۳뷲ѹֱڶԭס֮¼ĵҲǲ٣дɾ͵ȴǲ࣬ҲǸԭˡ
ФɽЦʦ˵òҵɣһ˾ͱȵǵģ־лԵԵˣЩҹӣԿ֪࣬Կĺô
һͬĵ˵ͷҲǳ˲֪ٿ࣬˵ǱҶҲתۣû֮ǰĳԿȴҲҶҲнյԼ˿ЩʿһǻװĹӸǧС㣬һɵļ
пһ¾ˣһ֪ԼܺԼǣתͷФʦ֣֪¥ʲôʱһˣʱ㹻ô
ФɽгЦʦܷıǣ¥ǰһΣʦˣһ˵¥һϵϳȥġ⼸ʦܿԷĵϢһ¡Ҫ֪˴Ȼݻȣʲôĳͬ˼ҲкЩõʦܲȥһ˵ԺأΪҲҪȥɹһһ˳˶죬Ҳ֪ҪʱŻˣǲƼ𰡣ҿɵö๺òǡ
һܵﲢ⣬ƼȴƽФɽȡһľˮҲɵðѻߵĻ˻ȥɣФʦּȻҪƼ𣬲Ҳ˳СЩգ
ФɽԹһЦָָ⽨Ⱥмҵפֻ֮Ҫʦȡȥס¡Ϊȥʱȥסɣ˵ţФɽȴæ˳Žֵȥһ㡣
һ״¶һЦ֮ǰФɽཻȻദǢȴܾмʲô˼̯֮Ĺϵȴ˲£Ȼ㲻ཻĪ棬ȴҲǲѡһУФɽӵЩصʦ֣ΪѣȴϲƵʦ֡
ڴ˴פأȴҲʦֵļƻħ֮м㹻ħ轻УԶϴ¼ϵӵݣܿͨˣ׼ڵӵݡ׼ڵӣʵ뱾ڵӵĴһ޶һ׼ֻ˵Ϊûдﵽٹڰˡ
ڶ˵õ׼ӵ֮󣬸ͬʱ֮Ϊ˺ܿ׼˴Ϊ˳ŵ¥
Фɽʧڹսǣһ˿΢΢͹һ֪ǾνסФɽǰĻҡҡͷڵ˶Ƽп֮⣬ʲôܣȴҲĿǷΧ֮ڡ
һͥŲڴϣһΪ򵥣һϮɫۣûûкڣЩӸ磬СȴԵòĴֻе״̬֮УȴûһԵø롣
һȺ֮Уй䣬ȴһɫ֡͸˿˿ƵĽ⣬ɢбʧͬʱһԺ֮иһģееŮеˣеȴСӡȻ⡰ѵáһôˣϰԼһ˿ʶͨ
һСŮԺ֮УȻȴʮǻԲһһ٣Ҫɣ


ڶ ໪
ŮһԺ֮УʱϤĸоƺͨһ֮˺ֵĳǰ
ԭһǹһЦݣ߹ǰһ·ڣСһȥûԶһҵ̣໪ǡ໪Сӭ
СȻ׳ʵҲаļ󣬵ûûҲֻǸһЩ书ķˡֱַܹͨɷûֶΣȴԼİ취
۾ƳһŵĴС̹Цݣɳ룬Сꡮ໪רݣ֪ɳʲôҪ
һ΢΢һЦҲ𻰣ֻǳߣСҲֻøһԡһ߱߿߻ܡ˸ʽݣȻһ겢ʮְ಻ٿݲһĴڣȴǷ࣬С˵ݶһЩ
ЩȷӦľСסæһҪһȴǵĿһȦû
С˼һȴûжСĴǰɳСǰЩ⣬ԺֲһЩģɳ⣬СĿԽƹɳȥ
һ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ͷȻԺУȥƹĽйɡ
С˵һԵȣ㳯ȥˣƬ̣һ̻˳߳һ˿ҲȻٹȳڵΪ
ƹ񣬸߳ʱ򣬱ǴЦһʱȴһ㶣ǰڵӣ
һɫô⻹ֿ˵ô
ƹıΪŲڵŵӣЩɢʿһ棬ȴֿ͸һϵϢᣬΪ뵽ڵĵһһʣ֪ԷԸشڨڨһЦ˵Цˣ⣬ֻпѡ̻ģ̻ѡ˵ġ˵뵽Ժ֪ʲôݣԣʹ֮ࣿ
ʹרʹôһû뵽ﻹרŽʹг
ƹԣæĽǻСȡһϻӳŸʽʹӣѣȵȲһ㣬Ȼ̺̫࣬ԶѷɫζȴԶȷ׹ʵҪõö࣬üöһҲΪʡǲڻеСףֱֻ̳ˡ
һ˵ͷЩʹÿһҪʮݰɣ
ƹԣ϶ʱЦͷкãҪ֪һ⿪ڱٽǧʯôʯѰһġһԵȣ׼ȥǻС˵ȥλ裡
̬Եı仯һҲΪ⣬ֻǰ˰ֵ²æһ뿴Ժжݣǿˣһ´߱ǡ
⻰ƹϷһ˿ɣܹһôʹЩϴµ֮ҲǮˣǰ˾ȻҪɲɡ
һһ۱㿴Է룬һЦһӣһСɽʯͰϣһ㣬öӡ
ЩǶ𣡡һ˵
ƹʱһԼ˼ȴûһΣվɵЦݣȴûһɣæ˻ָ֣룬ǱĺԺĶݣһõġ
һ˵ͷƹ񳯺ԺȥԺѰԺȴЩͬԿȥȴǲСһƬؽ磬ŽƷΧţܸдеľȻȥҲΪߵһŨľǰһһľΧƵԳһ겢ߴֲ꣬ɢĶŨ͸ʽζ
һϤı˼СŪһɫӹ棬ԵΪɰ
⻹кЩǳ죬ɬ֦ͷʮҫۣö඼вġʱһѹţС׾ʹܳҪЩˡ
һһѹСףһΪĿЩʱָƹģԭ඼Զ߷ҲЩáֻ۸ԣþͲˡŪҲҪЩ񣬹ʶЩҵĹӸǴС⣬ѰҲṺ
һָ˼ƹЦ춼ϲ£һ˫ۼҪ
ʱһСӰ֡̾סһĿ⡣ƹɫʱһ䣬ָӰվʲôٹȥ
ӰתȴһСŮӣͷ˵ʱǴ֥ݵʱˣڲ֥ݾͳòˡ
СŮԽ˵ԽС˵󼸺ƹЩƱҪǰ̤һʱȴһס


ڶһ ˿
Сʲôģƹһջʵ
ƹæЦŮǱŪ֮ˣĻݲݶڴáײ˵ѣ֣ô½ˣ𷣵ġ
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һлһʱ䣬˿ݵվɵͷŵ棬ƺ˴ĺһ
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ÿһ䣬ǻ˿˭ˡС˽ƹĽ˵һֻû˿úһŪķţ֮Уȴһһ˿˼ȴƹһ˿ߣС˴ʱ΢ġ
Щ˼һ⣬һʯС֮һЦĿǻ˿βſڵû뵽ȻȴΪԵԭ⻨˿ڼϼ棬ݵŮ
⻰ǻ˿͵Ľͷ̧һһ۱æȥæ˵㿴ˣҲʶ㣬ûм档
һȻʲôһӵ໪ԺݶŪȴȥҲǣ
˿һ̧ͷһǿֻŵҡͷģûнеĶȥûУûС
һû뵽СŮȻڴˣɾԼЦеˣ˫ץ˿ļģҲƹģ׬ôʯûһŻݣҸʲô
һ뿪Ц˵ǻ˿ͣСӿһĲ
һصص˵ͷý¸ҡ򡭡
ûһ˵꣬˿æҸˡ˵ţҿ˿˻ط֮Уʾһȥ֮Źš
СŮŵӣһһö˹ȥ͵ǰˡ
˿һ˿ΣֱһУɢ֣ǼΣȴһеŽ˵
֮һ̾˿ǰСŮһ˿سС


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һͨǰ˿ﲻһСܱʲôܡ֮£ʷһˡ
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˿˫۽вֵݣһƬȻҲ󷨾ֻ˫ң״һ˿ǳɫ˫絽ϡ
ݵһ˿ܿɳԽԽߣԽԽڶһöССĻƬ֮󣬻лӴһöССĹʵʵɿݣ䵽УȻѿȻٴγһ
һԾĿһУһ˿ʲôûпҲѪһ˿Ȼܹڶ̶ʱڴݣɼòʲô򵥵Ķ
˿һУɫЩףСһ£ˤ
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ԶȴǶڡһ㿴Ż˿ǻ˿ȴһЩˣٴνͷȥ
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˿¶һ˿ίı飬ЩʯҲ˵ҩôãΪҲֻڣͻƵٹڣ
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һ˿ﲻ𻰣Ҳʣֻǵ֮ƺһǿȴǰݵмƣӦϵˡһ˿֮ԻʯûܽٹڣҲԭˡ
һƺľԵģǿСŮʲôġǳҲˣҲˡһͷ⣬ȴûҽ⻰߻˿ڶ취ȴҲûջ
һһͷԺ֮Уһɫһϲˣ


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һʱ֮һ໪ƹĴСˣЦ͵ſڡֻǻ˿ȴûг֡
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һСƿԣԳһ仰Ǻ꣡
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˽¥֮УѰ˷ס£ñе¥΢΢Ǳ⿪ȥˡ


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Фɽɫһϲȴҡҡͷʦ⣬ΪˣȴС£ΪֵҲܴο񡣵ȻҪʦֵܳʱΪҲǲġ
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һ֪ФɽҪԼҲƿ֮УתתҲδɡŵҲã


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ƳǵôϣһФƲһһƿҩףФƶһҲΪƣֻǿгʦ壬ȴֻǵͨһ㡣ؽһߣһ߸һַ羰ʤ̾¥ФɽҪϸһɵûФҵŴˡ
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һФŭɫһһչĻռǣȴǵͷСһʦ壬ǻǵǱ߿ɣмҹŶ꣬ȴЩǹҲȥԹأ
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Фһ֣ʱϾֿˣһӵզҪǰ𣬵Фһ֣ȴû˸ǰ
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תͷȥһݣȴҲչռǵĳݡƬ̣߳һ湫ȴһҹӡ
ݼӣ
ǰЩŵӵܷ׷װݵФƼ⹫ӣȻɫŤȴֻùݼոǲ˵䣬ȫվŵĳӣΨһˡ
ӿһףΪβݣ
һ΢΢һЦ⹰˹֣ӣ
Ӽһ⣬ֻӣʱǰҪŭȵ󵨣˰£
ԱǰҪ׽һȴФæ飬ǰأӼ¡
ǰӴһһߵǰΣݣ£
Ф˵ĻȴǱһܲǱǰҪץʱȴ΢΢һ𣬶ʱǼ󺺱㱻Զһȴڵ棬һɾ
㣡Ӽһҷɫһ䣬һȴǺǰһ˺ȴǴһ˿ԭڵĸ֡


ڶ ͼ
ӼȻҪָһҲȻȴҲֻȻˣһ˵һָֻͷȴǻĵ˳ȥ
һôһָͷϣ⽫һ߹֮ɫ˲仯һף󳱺һƬαͻȴһƺ֮ѸٵˣһƮԶһͣ
㣡˵ʲôȴǾؿס˵ЩӵܼһܹӹУΪԾæΧ˹ȥҪһ㡣
ӸУˣо֮ϣӻעǵĺãȴ֪ӵˡ»ȥˡһƽФֱԹԵĳŹŶĽֵȥ
Фһ㶣Ÿȥ𷽲һĻ˿ȴܹŵģǱԼҪǿһӾȻͬӤһûм֮ˣһڲ˲ƺһֽš
Ȼ֪ΪʲôԼ˲õ徹Ȼ˿һǵʲôʦʦܵĹϵһʵһɴʵһıӰصص˵ͷԲòȡˣˡָ·֮ʱһʦûǰǿĵĳ⡣
һ߹սǣӲŻһĻͷޱȡһһָʮ⣬ȴעһɱԼȫҪǿһʵޱȣɢűʵĲֻͬһߣûжʲô˺վͲֹˡǹǻʼ֪֮УҲֻôλ
ӣôˣСӾҳҪҪɱȥץˣһӵڵ
⻰ԼԵ񣬶ǰЩӾȻһԼɵһһȳȥӵܴݶ˳ȵҹ
ӵ뵽ƽʱһӾȻ㱩ŭһòáӷһʧ֮ץһƥȥӵܵФиˣรɣ˵꣬˦һӾͼűʹȥ֪ȻԼҲФңһĳ֣ȻһЩб仯籨С
ӵܿﳤȥӣǰĻһһæһⱼȥ
֮һвǸƣָƽĵƵ֮ǰǰ㱩塣ȴ˵ŶϣתһȦȴһƾɵϵǰͣ˽Ų
ʦ壬һǰϵˣϰ嶼ռЩֵĶⲻ̫ãʱҲֻǿ֧֡Ҳȴǻ˴ǮЩϵѾˡФƿڽܵ
һоһ˿˿һȴΪޣҪԱͨͨĻºѲ׽ôһ˿˿ФɽҲҲ˼Ȥ
߰ɣ뿴һУֻ߼ϰŸָƬһĶЩФ˵ֻ棬ʵ˵þһѡ
һҲſڹ̨֮еƹֻƾһ˿о㣬һӵĽҵһᣬ֣ȴų֮̀дǿһɲ㿴ģ
Фվһ󣬼æǰϰ岻ҪФҵĹ͡
ϰ̧ͷ˿æӭ˳ԭФүˣȻФҵĹǾСĹͣ͹뿴ʲô㿴ǡ
ФƽЩ⣬һҲû˼ֽǾȡ˹չһһƬհףżһССĲƬ룬Ƶɫ󣬰ͼԼЩ֣ȴǶҲȷȷʵʵоһ˿ɬƮ
ϰ壬ͼεõģһʵ
ϰ忴һͼС꣬汲µģθȴǲˣǿ͹£СĿڿ͹Ф˹ϣΣ
һȻһЦҲã˵žɫȴԳһ£ԭٷ߶꣬ǮʲôȴûдϣȻҲ⣬ȴʯѣСһ飬ȴǲ֪ʯܷˡ
ФһԣʱҪֲԼ֮ǰĹʧ״æڵʦȻϲСֶʦգ˵ͳǮݸϰ塣
ϰ˹ϴŨŨЦ⣬֪һûᣬһתæһ
һε۽磬λᱻ˵ˣ㿴˿ͼФ뿪ˡתһգͷűФƴ·Фȥ
ФƹĴ壬ФɽҲ֪ȶһУҲûϸ˵ФǰʾФҵɣǸǽԺռҲ֪ƾֻǰĻʹѷɫ֡


ڶ ƺ
Ф᷿֮УһҲǲֹţȴû˵˼ҹФɽ˹
Фʦֽտʲôջôһ΢΢һЦ
ФɽһЦʦܿˣȥФһҲЩΪɽϻӳưļһʰһ˳˲¥ѧһֶΣʮҲˡ
һ˵ͷΪߣֻҪûնйҰФɽ㣬żڵģȻϵ˼ˡ統ûҶҳŵ˵ҪһӴİɣһչҲ̺ãüʮްŸҳʶФɽһжȴҲΪ⡣
ʦܣ˵ʲôӵܺʲôˣ
ôЩˣӦʦ˵ɼӵܰɣһΪȸ⺢ӻǿһЩ
Фɽ˵ͷȻȻҲһңǱϾƹô꣬ȴļܱȣοФҳ⣬ȴûߣһɼҲġû뵽ɱʦ㣬ȻҲᣬʵû뵽أ
һ֪ФȻ֮˵˸ףҡҡͷҲͣԡֵ֮ķľ֮нѳ֮ǰЩɱҲοССӱɵһûˣܹɱŭ⡣
ФɽһҲ׷ʣֻǵҲãƺЩ仯ȻЩ鷳Ҳá
б仯ʲô仯
Фɽ̾ʦ֪ƹȻֻһɼ壬ȴҲɢޣұһЩֻǴ಻ҰˡǽȥµʱҲʦǳ𣬶ˣʦҲˣʲôҵˡʵҼһɢޣһȪˮЩǳнΪڵġ֮ǰʱԼФṩҺФṩ𡣲ЩûлȴǷˡ֮±ȥˡȴǷһЩطƺƹʿƵƺʲô鷢Ҷ෽̽ȴҲֻõһϢԭƹܱ߼һɱʼΪףһȴɢ޼ᣬǺԵɣȴǲˡ
ŶȻ飡һüͷƬ̲ŵɼҲ˵ɢһ磬ûֵǲжȻЩͼֻǲ֪ʲô
ڶ̸䣬ȴæ
Фɽüͷһƣʲô飬ҲǷԸҪô
Фĵ壬лʼʹǰ˵Ҫ㣡
ʼʹߣ˭
ƺһֲƺ顣
ŶФɽԳһ˿ɻһЦǲܱ˵˻㿴˰ɣ
һǺһЦ֪ʲôһֲǸʲôݣѵҲô
Фɽ˵ͷұˣǻƼ֮еĶڼǰǱٹڵΪҲбٹȺ˰ɣʦܿҪȥ
һͷҪǰȥ˵ô»ҽأ
һͬ˷ţФУһۣͷڵվУϵֻ
û뵽үݹ٣ʧԶӭүﰡФɽ˵ţȴûһҪ
ƺҲϵ֮ˣ֪ǰ˵ɵǣԼԼ֪˵ȥͶڣδ飬Ϊʧˣ񳯻ȴͷģ˵ǰ˱һݡ
θôæЦ˵ЦˣǰʲôүʲôǳưˣФѻһѱˡ
ФɽҲָλһһߣƺ˶棬ϲǳſڵ֪Ƶѽǰк´ͽ̣
ƺЦ飬һ˵ФѻطشǰʺһȻ߶࣬ȴǶлᣬȻԸŹ
Фɽǫѷİ˰֣֮ȴǲˣʲôʢˣҲûнյ鷳أ
ƺԣ֪ФɽлȴҲֻ˶Է磬ǺһЦڶôȴФѴһλʦܻλȷǷĵ˰ɣƺ仰ȴ壬һʦܡȴ̽ФɽǷڡ
ФɽϳɾһǻͨȻе˼һЦФɽڵƵϢȴͨʦܲһãȴǾͱˡ


ڶ ر
Фɽ̹Ȼͳˣƺͷһ£á룺ʦֵܹϵ˵ʦʦţյõϢФɽʦſ¾ƹʮ﷽ԲڡǿĴڡڵӣôǼ¿ɿɾЩˣ̽һ¡
ͷ⣬ƺϹһЦФˣƼȻϢͨȴҲҼֻͬǽ޷ֶʦССͻ֪λѵĴڡڶ±ģҪ˳л鰡
һҲû˵һ仰Ҫˡ΢΢һЦ˵֮²ˣƵѲʲôġ
ƺһү˲֪һ˵áУһȻºͣʵȴЩǧ֮⣬νдգء̾˼㲻ڵӣҲӦͷФɽڣݼԾˡ
ƺȲһ̽ҲóҪĽ΢΢һЦѿˣԶǿͣҵ˵вԵĵطȻҪԴպ󴫳ƼҴͲܣȴѽύͬˡ±˱ƣФѵĲ¥ǡ
һԿ˿ФɽФɽǺһЦȻƵѱ¾ϯʦӦøӲǡұȻḻһЩɫȴûеģʦܻǿһԵġ⼸·Ҳ̣ʦҲΪ࣬͵Ϊֽ軨׷𣬸ʦϴҲǺõġ
һ˵ͷŵȻʦҲˣǾͳƵѵգ
ƺЦգͷȴһǰǲ²⣬Фɽһ仰ȴǽڵӵʵˡﱾؼ·̣ҪѰҲûʲôֻ˵Ҫ˵ḻֻд˵֮Уһˡ
ˣƵǰ˵£һڶҲ˵ˣ֪ʲô
ƺعǺһЦȻλѴӦǰȥ磬ǵϯ˵Ρ
ãʦ̸һҲЩˣ
ȴãͬȥ
ͬȥ
˵꣬ƺ鵱һɳФɽһһЦ֪Էͼͬȥ
ƹȻ󣬵ϾǹȴҲ̫СǴФҵǲ¥Ҳء˶Ǳٹʿһ±ǲ¥ϡ֮죬һ֮䡣ƺУһФɽȴͬһ½ŲƺУȴǶ˵ݸ˼֡
һǡ硱֮ͬǰǣ֮һ죬㾦֮ʽһͼ׺ĸǲŤĳ죬·ƶһƮڿһ㡣
һ΢̾ԭǲ磬֮Ҳܹﵽ㾳أ似Ҳˡ
һޣФɽƺͬʱԵõЦһ¥ˣһˣ˱˿ȻԺС
˷ֱƣŴ򿪻ФɽƺһҲһƹ볡ƺνǱǢڡ
һӰ˼䣬һʿ磬Ŀ֮һɫˣҲһˣֱƺǰƵ˵ҵȣ֪ʲô飿
ƺǺһЦȴλѵˣԵȴǽʶһλѡ
⻰תͷһˣΪһ˹ֵīģʶλţ
Фɽ΢΢һЦԭεѣФɽλʦܡ
īԵ˵ͷŵλѿһͬμ̽رģ
رФɽҡҡͷƺƵѣ⵽ôһ£ǰ磬ʲôʱᵽرˣ
ƺһЦФ֣رҪ˵ĵ¡ȴλҵһͬ̽رʱҶкôֶΪأ
áرֵʱФɽͷһֻΪȶԭˣֻǲ֪رô£ƵҺʦܽһΣ
ƺ鵱ıʵǿûʲǫ̂ǿ̽鵽ʵǿк̨ʱ򣬾Ȱһ֮ƺΪãڻֶԽԽõġ
⻰Фɽ⣬渵
֮ФɽͷһһʹһɫԭˣȺ¶Ƶܹ뵽ʦֵܣҵȼˡ
ƺһЦһͷҲΪ⣬̴ٲһϺ˾顣


ڶ 
صФңФɽɫȻ仯תͷһʦܣ¹Ȼб䣡
һüкα仯ѵرйأ
Фɽ˵ͷҽ֮أȴǻԵɺϣû뵽Ŷ̶̼ʱ㱻Ƿˣ
ԭǰƺ˵ܱФɽԵ֮ءȴƹ߾һɽĵطФɽԵɺϵѭ֮вдĵͼҵƾŵͼ֮Ļأõ˲Сĺô֮Ǳ飬еõġҲƾ⼸Խڣ˽
˭Ҳû뵽Ҫͼҵ֮أȴǱһɢ޷֣֪ôʹƼҶ棬̽飬ȻôһصĴڡƼȻЩȴûФɽȻԵûָƳĽƣſʼͬ׼һͬƿơηǶˣȻˡֻǲ֪ǣǰ˱ǱͬĿĶ
һФɽĽͣƬ̣ŵʦֵ˼ҪǣҲǿ·ֻǵʦֲôôҪ˳أ
ФɽЦýʦ֪ΪЩ֮࣬е·ȴһԵģʹһα㲻ʹõڶΡʵߣֻõЩЩôãβأ
һ˵ͷԭˣֻʦ˵֮Ƽܹأ
ФɽǺһЦʦ֪ˣ֮ƺǷ˼㣬ÿһĽСһһ㣬ֻҪһ㷨ܹͻơûκζͺôڶȴҪʵֲſͻơƼҳ֮⣬ûڣɢޣ˺ƣʶҶ˿ԽʡһЩأ
һȻʦּȻ˽⣬ȸҽһҲЩ׼
ФɽЦҪˣΪֵȴǵһ㣬ǸطΪ㣬еһǡ
ҹФɽһ˵Ϻȥһҹ޻
ڶգ峿ϣһͨȥȴüͷһ壬ԭФ˿ˣյƺ⣬ЩˡͯȵȣɫˡһЩӲӰ٣ȴһߡ
֮УһФɽһߣȴЩͯһߣΪǵˣ˹ֵФҵһ㶼ɢ֮οƼҺ뻢ıƤأ
ƺһҶˣѪˣƼݲڳԲѷС߲ţ
ǲҶ˲мЦЦƵѺαĻС˵ĲʵҲţʵƼҲλرĵѣҲ֪ʲôʧķ裬ȻϢƼңֻ³Σɾ˵
ƺŭһƾҪ֣ȴФɽλѲҪŭФĳССҵȴǽڵأ
Фɽ⻰Ȼίȴ˵Фĳĵ̣Ҫܾ͹ȥƺҶ˶ФɽȻҪӣž
һˣФɽⷢ鶼ԭû±н֦رϢȴʹ˳ȥʹܱߵɢҲƼҶԿҲ˵Фɽ˵Ĵڣġ
Ҷ˻һФѣλѣƶɢλı£ϣλ롣
ƺһФѺѿɲɢޣƼҲԼܲμʲôɢˣҶ㻹ȥɣûȤ
ҶƳƺһۣҲ˵ֻ˻λȥˡСʿЦװģʵЦʲôأ
Ǻס죬βűסָƺЦү˵Σ˼ФɢޣͲɢˣѵүĸ˹ô˵ţЦ
ƺɫ࣬Ƭ֮һЦǹªҲͰˣѵΪҲһ㣬ФͶ֮Уﻹɢ֮
⻰ǺЦ˲ֹˣǲҶˣɫҲһ䣬뿴Фɽ
ФɽǺһЦû뵽Ƶѿˣʦ֮ܶУλ̽װˣû뵽ôһ顣ҷģȺҵԼֱˣȻŵġ
⻰Ҷ˲һ˹֣˵ʲôȴһȻڵ֪ƵѺͲҶܶԴر


ڶһ 
⻰˫һ㶣ǲҶѿڵѼЦˣҵɢ񻹲ܽǵڶƴ򿪣ƼҲǲСֻҪѼǣ˼ֻᡣ
˼֣Ҳ˵ɲܴ򿪰ɣһ˵Ͽȴǲһ㼥ζ˵Ҳ˿ƺ顣˱һ˵ͬʱ˵ͷ
ʱһ¶һЦݵȻˣʦһϣǹͬΣ
ͬ⻰ߵ˶һ㶡
ФɽȻһЦʦ˵öԣ飬ǺˣܹɺٴǽƵʱͻ࣬οƵ֮ԣر֮еʲôȴزرﵹǲ˵ЩʲôػΣգⲻٷա֪Σ
ƺüͷ΢壬Ƭ̵ȻФֿڣȻܲأҲΪȴһһһ
ҶҲڵλ⻰˵ЩҲǲҶһ֮£ûȥһء
Фɽ˵ͷȻˣλɣܳɣȻǺõģǲܳɣʦܹ֣ʱһٻ˵þҪأ´¾͸鷳ˡ
⻰˫üͷһ壬ɴǣ׷׷˳ȥ
ǰֵĻʱФɽһһĴָݣȻͬˮ֣źûˮ㣬ʦ
һҡҡͷʦֹˣܾЩΣʲôԵȴ벻ͨһ֣ͬҲƺãʦһ仰Ƶǲòϡ
ФɽЦһ㶣ЦøˡǰһʲôٻУôһ䣬ȴ˫ŲѡϾʿһȫһ˵룬ǷһֱŲ֣Ǳһˮˮûˡ
ȴ˵ƻʹ֮Уһ԰ƺһ۵˵ʲô
֣Ϊ˷ֹϢй¶ֻʶͬ㵽ҲƿǵڶĽƣФɽʦ˵ȻҷԴ˼ҲǺʹӦǰգ
۵Ȼƹƺƺһ㶼ǱٹȺʿƺĻƬ̵ܣȷǾڵô
ƺҡҡͷȷɰڵӣٶŵĵӣȻоһ㶼ǱٹȺڣʵȴֻ߲͡
ƺ˵ͷīһȻЩҲ̫Σˣ಻ﵽٹڣڻҰˡФɽʦܵļ룬ÿƺ⡣ɢҲһȴǳһ̲ˮ
ƺ˵ͷɫȴЩеФɽǻصţ¡
ƺ˵ͷȷʵһⰡðɣɢ˺ϻǣҲƼһҪõôָ
ƺ˵ͷȥ
ȴ˵ƹ߾һլԺ֮УǰФȥĲҶ˵ʮһá
ҶţǣФɽļôһۣʯɽĴĺ
ҶҲΪ⣬üƺǼ黫ƹ϶ųģӦûдˣοФɽ˳ʦֵܣ˵ܻٻأʮа˾ŵˡ
һɫӿڹȻҶ㶼ô˵ǿֻˣǷǺȴξأ˵ţλŵһ뷢ݻƵͷ
ͷ¸һЦϷͬǺǱɢ޼ϣΪģȻܹȡúôβο˺棬ǲҲˣƿ֮Ϳʵ˵ô
⻰ɫ˼֣ȴҲ׷׵ͷһͨ˴¡
֮ФңһУФɽЦǹȻӦˣ˿ʦֵҪʡˡ
һҲ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
ʮ֮һФҴԺͬʱȥ֮ʮƹ֮зɳֱӳϷȥñһɽɹɽһ𣬳һɽȥ
ɽһƽϣ˽ɢȥԳȴǷվߣһƺƺͬīĵΪ׵ƼҶ飬һ׳СŮӣ˸ʽΣȴǿͷΪ׵ɢˡ
Фɽһվ룬ٲȻһмˣϵ


ڶĶ ɫ
ͷ˷ֱǰƼһƺƺһǿͷŲҶ˹
ˣҶ⸽ɽͷڴ˺ıأФѺˣϣҪʲôĺãƺǳƹµ֮һ仰˵ʮֳȣҽ˫ݺФɽһҲȥһҲ١
ɢһΪףݵûһ˿ֻǵ˵ͷɳƵȻֻ˫ڴ򿪽ƣȡȴǸƾˡϾߵĵѶɢޣҲ϶ܹԼġ
ƺҲ飬Фɽ˵ȻФѴٳɣͬǰȥ
Фɽһһ񣬺ǺһЦȻ
һ˴Э飬ǰǼͬˮľͷڱɢܸͷжС̣ȴɼΪȵıʡ
ƺǰͷ·˵Ϳһָɽзȥһ⻪ɽͻأĳ֡Фɽü²ţȴ˴ȴûмôһɽڣ֪
ƺˬЦδ飬ȴǲ֪ǰ˴ȻɽɽС룬¶ôһɽˣҲ֪ܷƹ֮оȻôһء
ФɽȻһʹһСµ񡣱֮ΪأҲǿҵʶûᱻ˷֡ͻأǱĵطˡһȻǵ֮أȴƺ֮ԣɽ¶˳ֻԼʲôԵĵطһСһЩ
ɽڱߣƺ͵λȴǲ֪ɽڱǵһƣֻҲΪ򵥣ֻҪʩչﵽٹڵʵܹͻˡ˵ţһնһâɳҪɽϣǹ⻬ɽϹһŤâնŤϣȴ̶֮ͬдһ£һⰼȴʱţ
ƺһ£ФɽһͬʱȻĵ˵ͷʵǶ֪θ£ФɽҲͰˣоˣһȴһμȾȴǸеʮʡ
ûȶ˳֣һǵ𣬾һۡɽϴһݳɽϣ֮˳ݷȥƬʱдʧɽϡ
ʦܣ߰ɣ
һ˵ͷȴõ⽣ֻһըɽϣһǰĿӻҪһݵĿӶˡ
λһͬȥɣ˵ţһФɽһͷǿӶ֮СһĻȴ΢΢Ծһһ֣ǱٹȫһԼñʵӦԶֹˡҲǳԾˣȴҲ£ͬʱңʦֵôһҪ򿪵ڶӦֶ˼ֻˡ
µҲ׷һ򿪵ĿӶ֮УʧԭأʮϢ֮ǸӴӱʧƺûгֹһ㡣
һ˽ɽ֮һټʯǰʯĺܸɾûһʯʯں񷶥Ϊ⻪˼֣ȻҲһԴȪ
˵룬㳯ȥͬƺߵ˼ȻǶңȴǱʩչ˿ռӵͨñ濴˺ܶࡣҵȵһη֣һͨڣֻڼ֮ˡ˵ţĿ˶˼ۡ
ФɽٺһЦΣϼĹȴûʲôӦһüͷطԼͨͨͨȻѹסƺռ䶼˽һ㡣ֻٷȫ̽ȥʱȴʲôƶֲˣоһ˿С״ֽ֮ĸо
ѯ֮ȴСߵĽҲӦòڵ鷨ͨӦϹʱģһҲഫϹţҲġ
һȻȻϹŽƣ˵ҲϹйصĶܹϹųϹϵĶһССʿܹġ뵽ҲȻˣ˼ƽФɽȥ
˲ԶһڳǰϹ⻪תͷףֻЩȴ赲ǰıݣʹóгһ⣬˶û͡
Фѣǵڶˣڿһ㣬Ҫʿͬʱܹȥʶҵһֱ
ФɽԵ˵ͷǰ̽ȥȴһܼʱҪϡ䵽ϵ⣬һɫҲһ䡣


ڶ а취
⵽ô£Фɽ
ƺǰФСģڲֹܹҵȽ룬ǻȻ̫ȴҲò֪˴ֲ
Фɽ˵ͷ˻ǰǾ仰ˣͷɻ󣬵˴ʱȻ谭Ľ룬ȴûһġʱȻȱ仯˵ǰĸоǶˣзһЩԼı仯ˡ
һФɽеζͷҲ΢΢һ֪һ˿²֮ǰƻļˡģĶ˼Ȥ˵֮ǰ˷Ϊ˶ܻƵǣΪ̽Ļھֳˡ
ʦ֣ǳէ̫ƵǷ˵ǡһ˳Ҳף˻ȥʦѯҲðһ˵
Фɽ֮⣬˵ͷʦ˵ǣƵǷ˵һ°ɣ
ƺԿЦʵҵҲûнڶ㣬һ֮ǻãȴǲȵ֪ˣֻԼжϳҪʿһ֮ˣֻǲ֪ٵߵóĽǷˡ
ҶԿ˿һۣվ˳һҵɢƵһ㣬ûܴڶڡ
ФɽԵ˵ͷ˼һȻˣҵȴǺЭ֮£Ӧܹһڵġ
Ե˵ͷФɽ˼ڼȻܹйҲ׼һǣ˵ú滹ʲôؿС£ΪʲôͻһЩҪǣ
⻰ȻΨƼֵܺͿ˵ȼɫƽ
ФɽĽ£˸һֶΣ֮һȫװзᷨзµ£ɢ޴һףսһ㣬վڹǰ
˷һ㿴ͬƼһƼֵܺīΪҲŹʣһΪ룬ӦƼˡɢһ˷ɽ֮⣬ʲôľȵȵȷʲôĸǲ롣ʣſ׵׳ɢΪԵõվһ
һԱȣװȻƼһһ׺ۣ֮ȴɢ޸ǿһ֣ϾɢʱԵ棬뵱һһ㣬ɱ¾Զ⣬еɷȻҪŨܶࡣսǿҪˡ
ʱ˫ǺФɽһھеͻԵల¡
Фѣ׼ˣ
Ҳ׼ˣФɣ
ФɽΪˣȻѣ˵ͷת½ĹڣһָȵڵȫԸɣȱ㽫ɽ˳ȥ
Фɽ֣˷׷׳֣ʽַ⻪䵽ϣһ촫ʱʮȴǽںһתĲʹʱһ͡ۼþҪƵӡ
ûЦȴǲʹѸתŨһţɢ˺ĸλȥһʹ֧һ鲿λʱһƬʮϢ֮ǰ޹ĹھȻɫƺ˵ĹӦ
ҲҪ֣ȫФɽһϷɽҵײ⣬һش̷𣬺ڹǽϡ
⻰Ҳ֪֣һҧݷųǿֶʱǹϵĲʹҲȻطܹ֧֣Ҳмطļ顣
ǿóʵǿ˵һФɽˣһзɽһշӶзڴžžֱ죬ʱҪһ㡣Ȼ˶ûʩչʵʵһƵϱٹ֮еĶ
˶֮⣬ƺ飬ƺֵܺͿ˵ֶҲ˿ѷɫ˵ĹһƬĳɵ
һȻҡҡ׹ȴûе£üУȥǲУýһϣһ棬²ܹڴƣ
Фɽü˵ףȴЩˣڶ࣬ʵǿҲûȾѵ¹һûǿȴҪ໥أ
ʱһ꺰а취ֻҪҺҿһ㣬Ȼܹͻƣ
⻰ǿüӣа취ô
ӵ˵ͷն˷ıǣа취


ڶ ʯ
˵˵ͷתͷФɽФѣ»Эһ
ФɽԵ˵ͷȻӵֶΣҵȻҪЭǡ̶תͷƺ֪Ƶһʲôô
ƺҡҡͷФͳһָӱǣҵȾ飡
Фɽһãæӵӵѣ֪ʲôֶΣҪҵγ֡
ӵ˵ͷһطܹڶʱ֮ھۼǿȻըֻҪ㹻һط֮ǿԿɽˮӦûġֻطҪʱڼע룬ϣҲҪ֣ȫֲǡ
⻰Ȼ˵òȴ͵ÿ˶У˶ˡ⻰ˣɫ仯ȴǲһеĻϲܹͻƹڣеȴΪطľ
ãѵĻҲˣڿʼע⣬һָӣͻƹڣزأǰˣ
ФɽɿԵúķ˲ٴȼ־һһ߳ŶԹڵĹӵĺ
ҲȻͣйһŹֵķдʣʱһɫǰ
λע⣬ע֮У
һ׼õﻹ˿һ⣬廨Ÿʽ׷עǺ֮УԭȭͷСĹ˸ɫ֮ͬ˵һ㣬ѸٱǻϴСˮͰСȻǵ˳ִСԲĹģһ⻪ҫһɱըԵϢƮɢ
ʦܣҲְɣФɽڵʱʵǿļ˻ڹûг֡
һ˵ͷֱһͨЮŶⷨФɽķɽһͬǺ֮Сһļ룬ʱǺࡣ˼ö˳֣Ҳ׷׳֣ǺʱִС
˹ˣˡ¶һ˿ֻ֮ɫƺҲҪƿءһֽ̧̣һƣԲĺ򻺻ĳǹƮ˹ȥ

һָһںڵ˲䣬һ¡촫ֻһǿҵİ׹ϵĲʹһǲʹ⻹뷴ȴ˲䱻飬ɿľۼҲǿİ׹÷顣
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ФɽæͬʱһԾʮɣ˼״Ҳæ˺һȺ˱ԶԶĿǹ׹ײ
ϵĲʹⲻϱ飬ϵۣվϲϰ׹ǿһ΢Ĵ죬ǳǳƳڹϡűϵžһ˿ԽԽԽԽͬ֩һӿȥһĴ죬ѷ룬ƿһһ˴СƿڡϵĹ⻪ҲȥϢûһԣһͨǽһ㡣
ˣڿˣ
˻ųƶ˶ȥҪͨǣһ⻪ǹ֮зɳǰĸʽɽʲôһŵȴ룬ȴû붼Щͻأ֣üһ˲㱻ͬʱСһҽбڵûϢ
˼ٻظԷ֮ſǵʿƺ鲻мЦΪΪʳλ
⻰Ƥ鶯һ£һȴǲ˵ɢ֮ˣģ飬ȴһơ
ФɽһһЦڶƺǿ˺رǰԵΪгĺһ̽ҿ˼ԭеѺۡȴȥֹϾ̵ְҲء
ʰϣ̽ȷʵû֮ФɽſڵڶѾˣҵһͬǰȥڶΣ
ƺԵ˵ͷҲû飬ǰ̰ȴҲûƺûôһ㡣
˷½ͨһƿڣȴûз֣ǰʩչֶεĹȴǲŲæ󣬸Ȥˤڵصʬǰһֱ㽫Ҳͨǹƿڡ
˷ɹ֮һʯҳǰǰһ㼸ûʲôֻӳ˼ְˡ
ǰнԶĵ·˶ˣǰһ˵Ȼز֮еĻɣҲһ棬ǲ
һ֮˻ǿγǰȥһȴǽʶһ紵ݶᷢҲ֪زϷŪ˻ģһʯҸûһΣգһͨ
ߵͷһʯڳǰʽͼģҫɫâľ棬ˮɽʯأɫҫ⣬׹⣬ƣ̨ѪΣǼܡһ㡣


ڶ ʯ
ʯչǰһһĻֻ⻭ϲ˶ȴһЩԢ⡣
ʯڣ˶ʱﲢûʲôԻֶУƬ֮һȻָ˹ʯڣһ˿ء
һͷ̾ĸͼɫƺŸָıԴ֮оѪԴ̨֮ʲôЩʲôƺ޵ͼ棬أ
ڴʱҲе죬һСΪ׵ļ˶˫۽ʯڣƺҪʯڵıʣ̽һ㶫
Фѣ㿴浽Щʲôƺ˹Цʵ
Фɽüͷ΢壬֮ǰǰҲûֻ߹һƬɽʯ谭Ĵ֮õĴԼö顣ôһʯڣʯϻƵ廨ŵĶ
ЩͼҲӦôУΧڶ֮׵֮ȵȣϵЩʲôȴФĳʶǳĥˣ
Ļشûлش𣬵ƺҲָФɽܹ΢΢һЦֻƸҲ˵ֻǲ֪βܹͨأ
Фɽͬеĵ˵ͷֻеζȴЩ֮ͬǰ֪ʱƾ֮һһֻ£Ͱ֮ˣֻǵƺҲŽƣݲС
֮ǰǹ·ʱҵҲǻ˲ǰȥ̽飬ŷСԵģֻٴôһʯڣҲҪЩֶβأ
֪ƵФɽԼһ˼
ƺһЦФѷģĳûб˼ֻЩ̽һ̽ʵˣѡ˵ƳЩɢһۣǰɢ˵λ˻˴Ҳƴǵˣ
ƺ֮˵ĺʵȷʵɢ˵ȥڻң⻰ǿԸ⣬һɬ˵ƵѴԲӣڶȴҷӵѳ֣ʱȻǺԵ󷽳Щǣˣʧ˺֮⣬οƵһǸƼǲù󷽳֣ЩҲ᲻أ
⻰ȻֱָīĵˣʦֵһЦҡͷ֮Ⲣͬ߶ͣǰӵһֶαˣ£ǰ;ȻֶεĵʩչһܳɹȻǺãǲܳɹȴİ취ҵʦֵȻЩֶΣȴ̽鷽ûнֻܿ̾λѼ²ǡ
ǳѿ֮粵ƮƮһ±㽫˿ȥ˾׷׿ڲô˵ʾѣϾڻһ˭Ҳȥɵġ
һǼЦȻλѶԸǰȥ̽ǾǰȥˣֻͷλѲҪʲǣ
ȥȴɢ֮һ᳤ĵˣҶ˵ĳ벻ͬȴݣһλεģطԵЩֱ࣬ؤ磬һߵ
ˣҪʲôѵǷ財ˣҶæǰסԭˣЩ飬⣬ʱЩ񲣬ǰȴ
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ѵɣҶʵ
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ڳ˼״ƼһɢһϾ²ؼ߸߹ֻҪܹ̽·ȻǺõģλںһûн˵
㣡Ҷ˼Ȱ˲ַ׷׳ڣһ˦̾һ˵һȥˡ
ȴ˵Ƿû˲Ҷ˵¸¿Ц״Ļų㳯ʯڿȥһʱĽҲڴˡΪûзӦʱ򣬱һ⻪ʯ˴ʧ
ʯ֮У㴫˵ĻλѣȡȥˣǾͿŰɣ
⻰˶ʱˣʯڵʱ򣬱ʯǸͼҫâƶһͼʯ֮ƯǷһâǰɫͼ֮ԳһӰǷʲô
һȺ֮дЩͼľͨ·ҿߣҪ÷ˣ˵űһӰʯڷ˹ȥͬ⻪һʯ֮Уľͼϳ˵Ӱ


ڶ ׻þ
˵ֻһĻһ֤ܹٹڣֻҪ˲ӣԼֱܹ˵ĺ²١ʯͼĿνͨ
óۣļˣ̩ɽƼֵܺͿ˵˶Щ⶯ˡ
ֻǰΪ˳룬Щ߷ߵĲҶһѶǰȥ̽·һʲôóɵģΪΪʳ󣬸λѣҶһˣ˵𳤽ʯڣ⻪һʧǽͼϳ˷˵ӡ
˳ȥסˣɢһˣһٲʲô֣˸ʽ㳯ʯڳ˹ȥһ⻪ʯ϶ʮӰʱʯǸݵͼľȻȥ
ãͨҪرˣλҪȱȰɣĳǰڶʩչֶεӱվԭؾ䣬仯ȴڶˣ˹־ͳʯڣʧʯ֮ϡ
ﻹʱԵЩɢ޺ƼڻҲ˵ǿ˵Ҳʯڳȥ
Ƽֵܶһۣ˵ͷƺתͷФɽ˵λѣҵһλԱ㣡˵űƺֱӷС
ڳ֮ʣФɽһˡ
ʦܣ뷨Фɽü
һҡҡͷҲûʲô뷨ֻǲ뻢ѨɵûӣȻ˴ФʦֵЩһˣʦֵľӦ㲻ʲô֮أȻǶˣǽҲӦû⡣
ФɽһЦʦ˵úãߣҲȥ
˵ţ𣬲ʱһȴǰͬƳȴž⣬ȻʯҲóʵֶΣٷˮˡ
˳嵽ʯϣͬ⻪һʧСƬ̣ʯͼɢʯϹͺͺʲôûУƺûйһ㡣
ȴ˵һֻǰ⻪һƬ֮һ߶Ĵð̵Сһը죬һ׹תۻ糤һ䵽棬ըһʮɵĴ
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һȴһЦС״ЦǰµĵǲǰʯӦǰոʩչͬģʹ֮Уʹ׵׵֮У㲻ʲô磬һǿҪǶ컹Ҫ߼ĴڣȻ׵ϢʵȻʵȴԼһ˿ãӦֻһ߼Ļþˡ
ԭǻþû뵽þȻܹȳ̶ȣɶ칤ˣһĸ̾
СЦȻþȻ߼ȴҲ㲻ʲôҺط֮УһҪķ֧ߴĹںϣһһЦܹ˽þ֮УֱһĻþڣУԸ׳ԼѲ
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պҲ˵ڵǰͨ׵þ
Сף֪þβܹͨô
С濴˿ƻþ취ܶ࣬ȴǲ֣һ֮ͨڻþҵȻܹȥһ֣ɣԸǿֱӺƻģƾᶨĵģǧҲܶҡķֺþȻҲˡ
һԵ˵ͷ濴ȥﲢûʲôҡĵĶڣ̾Ҫͻˡ
ʱһͷһɫ׹⳯ͷ
׹⣬һϲ֣㲻֣Ȼ˾ѭˡ
Уһӡ׽ٽϣʱžһһϽ׹ӭȥʱ֮׹֣һ϶£һ¶ϣԼһٶײһһȻը죬׹ͬʱ
ǱըһųڿУ˷°һջ⣬ûаơ
ȻϣȻǻǴ˼Ȼ֮ƾԽѹҲã֮ȴû֮Σĥ⽣ĺõطܴеõЩôбǲˣ
ڴʱһ׹һһЦȥ׶


ڶ 
ȴ˵Фɽʯ֮һƹҫȴһþɽʯĴأĵط
ȻûС״ָ㣬ȴǿʲôþ󣬵Ϥĳȴûʲôĵġֻûһ΢΢ɣƬ֮ҲͷϾУһʵ˰㣬Ҫǿ֡οһȻһûһˮ׼Ҳ㹻ˡ
ŵĴµĵ·Фɽ¶һЦϷһ󣬻һ̣ʩչ֮һ·ɱȥ
һ׵þ֮УФɽлþ֮УҲֲڸþ棬Ϊǵɽ֣ïɭ֣Ǳѩأǻɽҵȵȸвֻͬһ㣬þ֮С
ͬһԵʿڵĻþҲǲͬǧٹ֣֮򵥵ȴֱһ·ȥڶþ֮УΨһþΪѪȣȴһѪһӰѪϼ۶Ѫ֮дצ壬ӰЩ御Ѫ飬ϰ֡ӰһЦ
ȴ˵׵þ֮Уһһٵ׵硣׵֮ҲǴﵽٹҵʵȻٶȾ죬ȴҲֻ⽣ޣһٵЩ׵֮Ȼߵ˱ٹȺڵСģ͵óԸ
ڣ׹ȴ˱仯һ˫۳ȵĿգзǵûһ־壬ڴ׹һ㡣һ˦׽ٽǡƵšϸϸʮ˸һߣ׽ٽ֮оȻֹԭʮĸ󷨣ȴĵ󷨳˶֮Ҳ롰ڡ֮ƵĽʱ׽ٽĲ˵Щͽ׵Ҫǿһ
ɣԿþܹﵽʲô̶ȣһգ˵
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ֻһĺıһ˴Сһ˹ͬһ·һ㴩ϣһʧϣϸȴԼܹһɫӡ
Ͼ˵زһİ£֣صʩչͨɼڴµˡ
һͨʩչãһһɫ׹֮һ״Ҳ£Ͻ׹ͳȥ
ӣһоǰĲͬȻС˵׹ȴǴﵽڵˮ׼Ȼͼһ׵֮ȴǱʱʩչġ⽣Ҫǿһͨһ׹Ҫúûˡ
ͨȴǲͬˡͬԴ֮ò;ܹ׵֮ϴˢһȻҲ׵磬ӳͨȴڵ
⣬ͨƣ
һһ׽ٽϵĵҲǿһ͵һӣն΢׹ϣһ΢׹Ȼը
նһ⣬һȴûаϲɫصĿŷơֻ׹²ƺʲô


ڶİ Ϣ
кϷˣСһֹ
һһЦ𵱳һ˴Ǯһ׷ȴ׬ˣ׵粻ͨ׵֮ȴЩԵģȻҲɡ⽣һԱþ֮е׵ȴǻ̫ԶҲ֪ǻþԵɻ׵ܹ֮˵⡶⽣ܹһˣ
СһҲ˵һͷ׵ƣϽҫһͨģٴתӳֵȻû̫Ϳõһ⣬һֽһˡ
һո׼˲䣬һͨ쳹صĺ֮оŵ׹Գһ˿̽һ֣ȴųޱơ
һǾŵ׹⣬ǰǿһã̫ˣʺҲ⽣ĵڶʮù⡣ħ֮ĥãżԿһżǽܹͻƵĻоǲˣ
һţŵ׹ȴҲ˿Сֽأ󽣾׽ٽһĨһþŵ׹׽ٽϷɳ˲ɽΣһ׽ٽʮգһ˿ʮùֶΡ
ǾŵƺҲڵȴһ׼ʮյһ͵׹ʱŵк£һצĳתһת۱㳯һ˹
úã
һһһ裬ŵ׹⻯һ˾ŸǾŵӭͷȥ
ŵףѰһ֮һȻʮùӰӣȴԶԶһ棬㱻ù⻪顣
һŲңдʣ׽ٽһ׹עǾŵ׹⻯֮УǼɢάסһѰһ׹ȥ
ŵ׹⻯һ֧֣ٶȲԸʤһſάΨһϻһףֶ֮ȴǴð޹⡣
ƺһԶ١Ϊʮַ߿֮еƺ˺һ󹦷һֱһöִС
£ƣǰͬһԾǣ֮иоһ˿ԣƺ̨֮һ׷ԻҪǿࡣ
֮Щήƣһ˼һת¶ϲЦٲǵ׹⣬һתһ׹㳯˹ȥ
üһû뵽Ϊ֮㾹ãҾͽ£Ҳ㹼ǡһˡ
һһ󣬽һ⽣һ֮ǿʽ׷ʩչʱ֮ϣ֮·ʩչֶα׽һС
ʩչš⽣ӳͨģһɹһ⣬·ҪǮһʱһսԣͱһҪǿ˲٣ǷҪһȼֻڳƴֶβһƽɫ
Ȼǰÿһ׹ⶼҪǿҲֻǿﵽڵӴ󣬻㡣ų׵һôһӳͨӵпʵ˵ûʲôáҪþ޴ѹȴǸס׵һһȻƺպգȴҲֻܳΪһɳһϵ
۸þˣǷҲл𣬹Ҳǽ׵籾ͱ֮Ҫ࣬ƢǶĻϱһһٶһʱը˿
һ״棬æ㿪ȴըŵⱻһʹ׹⻯סľŵ׹֮СʱǾŵ׹ͬ˷ܼһ㣬ǵ֮ͨ£ըһĵ⣬һľŵ׹⻯ƣ֮Ĵ룬ջ׹ʧ׹֮С
ŵ׽ȳֻǵһľŵ׻糤һ㳯ֱȥ;Ȼ໥ƣ໥ϲûƱ㻯һ֮ͨףһأ֧ءһ˿еµѹ
ⲻף⻹ǽףС΢΢ֵһдǶȹ׽٣űһ硣ԶѰ׸ҪģרŶԸ֮˵ĽȻǼɵޱȣȻǰŽϢ׹ⲢܶвҲΪѹ֡
ףǽôƣҵ֮˵ĽǻþûĽסٶ෨ٶҲ˴㲻ɱң㣬Ϊҵġ⽣ɣ


ڶľ 
һӽָǻһɣͨ׹⣬ʮ
һ䣬֮УһɫĽɳϸһȻǾű糤̵С˲СǣűСÿһҫʮâһ˿˿׵֮ʮâͨһƬԽ³绡űСȻǶⷨĴڡ
һһӣűСɹһȦΧġϵ׽ٽ಻ʮ
׽ʮʮù⣬
ֻһָ׽ٽһĨֳŵ׹עǾűС֮СЩС׹֮˲ϢһɹɱҵһԼĦʮùģֶΣʮɽûʮɽֶΡֶˣȻΪͬʱʹ˶ķɽʧܡһͬɷͬޣʶԶǳܱȡͬʱʹôɽҲǴ´ࡣ
ʮɽģʮùֶվ;ٶȺԶԶ棬ÿһҲֻĳɣһԣѾڡ⽣Žܹʩչǿֶˡ
һ׼ǿһŽ֮ͬҲţһߴ֮дܳע׵֮УƺںڵƲûҰʱĵҲϨֻڴӦģ׵ʹһ࣬ϵǿȽﵽںڣ׵ƹһϴ裬ʩչĸԶ½ƾѰʿľսˡ
ڣãûн𵤵ͺãһͬʱһ׽ٽǾű׽ϵ׹ȻҲƴﵽǿĵز
һЦָɣҿ׵ǿҵ׵
һŵķԣŽϢ׵ڶˣӴԷͬѰٶȳһ˹
һ״ϻָƽ·ǰĿŶװġʵȻǰЦ侲Ҳﵽڣ˱ģٻصСĽҡͬʱҲûԼİǣֻڲĵףǵԵˣѵʱǲչֳ
գ׵þ֮Уͬ׵磬һͷҪӶᵽ⣬ƴʤ֮ģֻһ̣ؼһ̣ѡȱĽʵȫʩչ
׵һʮɵʱˡ׽ٽһ⣬űѡ׽ٴŵ⣬ͬʱһЮУʮһΪһ壬һɷ׵׹⣬һֱ׵ĵ
׽ʮһɱһУƣ
һһȣٽ׵ɲǣű׽׽ٽΪһɣ׹Ҳ˲仯һϸҫ׵֮С
һ̣׵ĽĽ𡣾ԣͨص׵ʮϰٸһȲԣ׵ȴڵˮ׼һ㾡ȫۼʮ׹Ϊһȴǿ۷壬޽ӽ˽𵤵ˮ׼飬ٹȺǲܴﵽģͬʱųΪҶ̨в⣬ӳͨģ쵽ˡ
ͨĽţһɹӿ¡ֱð֪˷ܻƴȫһ΢΢׽ٽ˫ȴǲϵͣŽߵ˵绡糤һһȫȻˡʱϵЦݴһ˿ζ³ƿ
׽ٽӦû׵֮УһҲУֳֳ¶񣬲䣬㴩ƴ룬ۼҪ󹦸ɣȴ·ͷȥȻǵЮԼӿ˹
ãҪͬھС׵ĽһС
һһ˷Ťת⣬ն˹ȥһɲǣ򣬽⣬Ӱغһһҫ۹âһųþյûһڰƶ˸װס
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һը죬þ֮л첻ϣ޴˽Ӷ÷ɳʯþɱɣʮ֮ⶼ
һƾһ𣬽һƬصķɳɢһ¶ڿУһ˭ˡ
һһӰסɳ˲ð롣ϵķޱȣûһģ¶Ƥͨ⣬ȴûһ˵ĺۼʱһֳֽһȴǽţץʲô
ɿһ⻪Ͷֱֶָ߿Ƶȥ


ڶ þ
ܣһļӰһݣݻ׹׷ȥǹ⻪ûзɳʮɱһֱ̧㻯ɫһ㣬һץٴνǹ⻪С
ſɫ֣һĻѹУŹ⻪ãһٺһЦűξ㲻ҲҪһƤò׽ץסλ򵥵ˡ
˵䣬һһֻ˷ɽֱһԴӡǹ⻪ȥһ⣬⣬׷׽˫һ룬·ǲʲôⶫǼһ㡣
ΣһŽÿһǳķĳСһĨüģͨۼע⼯ڷϣðƴһ֮оȻǶŸСķġЩϸС֮УȻȡһ׷Ϊơǳ֮ǵɽ׹ȴǸ
һ׹һдܳС׵Ȼһ˫˿ֱһӣƺҪпʲô
СףôˣѵʲôԾôС׳һҲɵɻ
Сûлشֻ˫Ŀһ˿ŭưԹɣ˲ȴһ⣬֪ǰжΣգ
һһ㶣˸Ҫ֪ױԱޱȣű֮Ȼѡͬھַ˭֪һܲˣӭͷϣȫ׺һǰǳϯþıըͷǷڼ׷֮һУ´ʱҲˡ
Сģһ֪Ѳŵ޷޷ⱦĽ׽ҪҵЩѵģ
Сһٲ𣬽һŤɻһ׹һȥˡ
һЦʲôæСףҲˣһҲˣþҪôܳȥ
Сڶ˰ΣĴþȻ׵þѻþŶˣȻǲˣ˭ƴŪҲ㽫ºѳȥˡ
˼ǣ
ߣԼ֪ʲôҪϢˣûͲҪң
һŸЦҡҡͷ˼ⷽ棬ֻǵͷ˿еķģüͷһ塣һطŹĵķĹ˹ȥ
ǷƺоΣգͱһ˾󲿷ֵﻹݵQȻһϸ΢ž죬ȴҲֻܹԹԵıųų̈ȥ
һģǾüģٳٲϽķģʱһƣų֮̈Сһֻ̨ãһ׷ȥ˿˿ƣɲϼһ㡣
׷ȻΪ
䣬ʶͨͨľԷųͶǲϼ֮УһȰƵһ㣬׻׻̵Ҫ׷˵Ȼһ׷Ϊãһһ˿׹߶ȥ׷һ
һ֪׷ô򵥵ĶŽԣҪȻҪЩʱġ
̨֮˳һֻǰһ̻ʵڰԼǰ׵þȻĵȥ﷽ԲĽأǳԵơеĶȥһֻһһƣȻ⻪һʯʱĸоһģһֻƬ֮ǰĲʲô׵þһʯҡ
ʯ֮Уվ˼ˡФɽƼֵܣˣҶˣīĵˣӣԼвֵɢޡ
ʦܣڳˣФɽһ֣æӭ
һ״˵ͷţҳˣʦֵˣ
£ͺã뼸λȳĵֹԭʯھȻһþɣÿ˽ȥһþԲͬĿ飬ɹ˲ܳʦܵʵӦͳˣû뵽Ȼôʱ䣬ѵʲôˣ
һüͷ΢ԭˣȻǻþ
ФɽһϿʲôļˣͺãֻʦҲˣͲ֪Щѿɷôˣ
һ׿ȥһǰһ޶ʯڣֻͼĿ棬ΨľˮȼͼĻ΢΢Źâ
ǣһָʯڵ
Фɽ̾˿ȳҲ۲ˣЩͼ˵ûþͨҲǿͨˣûģҲ˵ûͨеѵĻ¡
Ļû˵꣬һȴˣ˵ͷҲѯʣФɽߵԱߣĿʯڡ


ڶһ س
һʯ߸ͼ澹Ȼû׵ͼФɽ˵Լͨ׵þӦû׵ͼŶԣʱûֻ˵һ⣬ǱΪԼһ׷ˣ׵þױô˻þҲܳˡ
뵽һҡ׵֮ڶ֮мΪǿһˣ⽣һһĽҲôٵˡҲΪ̨ڣ֮ҲԣܹʩչԵ
Ϊ˶ĿǰչʾĶǻԵ˴Фɽ֪Լӵ׵֮⣬˶ֻ֪ԼǻߡԼѳþʱ׵ͼͻȻ𣬱¶Ҳ˵˼ɵǲ֮١
˿ˣ飬뷢սЩ΢ǱԼһ÷ҲǺ˲١һЦȡһ»ϣ˾ĵš
òżʿʯ֮˳һһʱҪǱ࣬һ˱˼æΣҲǲܡ
ڵ˸ѳãһ̶Ħʯϴϸȥȴʯڶʯ˿ϷʯھȻ˳ƶ˹
СģƺȵͬʱԼһæ˺˵Ȼǲ֮һԦ˷ɽ
ʯƶԶֻͣһʯͨųâʯ룬ͼΪԴͷԹ⳯չȥһһͼͼΨһע⵽ڶͼ֮У׵ͼȴΪʲô֮ȵģΨкԶĽϣһѪͼĺͬʮ
һ㣬һ˷ֻСĵĵȴʯڵı仯
ʯͼĶ˲䣬ӹĽ֮һƳ˷俪ȥʯҶ𣬳˱ܲ⣬ȴûʲô⡣
ҪɽѰɣһɢ޿
Խüͷ壬ĿǻζݵʯڡȻ£ɽѣڳһ
𶯴ﵽǿʱʯڳ͵Сȥ˲ƴСһʯ塣
Ǳһɢ޸ߺűǰȥ˶ʯϣ⣬⣬ḷ̌ش̣׶ɽʯ磬⣬ˮָĹӿɢֻǱϵһ仯û赲һҽУ屻һ֮У˲ۣۼʧԭء
ǰûǰȥͷҺáֱӳĸָޱ޼ʵĹȴݲǰɡһɫųʽӭЩ㶥ȥ
˵бôôЩ⵽ʲôһɢզ
죬ȫ֣ɱ㣡תͷŭȵ⿴޾ĹҲŭˡ
һݴСıɽ˹һһ˿ȥľȴֽһףջһſţžľһһʣһգ㽫ѵľľ׷ճɻҽܿһɷ׽һһһ䣬ָŻ棬Щɷ׽׷ջ
һһ㣬ФɽҲųһ⣬Ȼ̸ɣȴҲ򣬴ݲȣû¶һ˿ˣƼֵܣˣҶ⣬ֻīʦֵܺӵ˻΢΢ռϷˡЩһʼ㱻ΪڻңԻӳ˻þˣһ֮£Ե׽⡣ЩƵˣϼˣٹƬ̿¾ֲ֧סˡ
˼ԼĪһʱʱһʯϷȻ΢ȴʵʵڴ˶С
ȥʯһָͷСĺڶһϢӺڶ֮ɢ֮Уȴɫ΢䡣
ޱȵһɢϲĺȻһϢɢŨȱûиܹġ
һһڣüͷһȻȻϲפأɽŨȣȴҲȼѰطˡ
ãһľССĺڶ֮¶Լɼһɽɽ룬һ̨䣬Ȼӽ⣬ںӸ̨Ϸ⣬̨ߣȴҲӣϷһЩУƿͬ͸ű⣬˵⸱νرõĵطˡ


ڶ 
ŨԼӰһжرĴ֤ȷɡܹ侲⣬˶ĭɼرôˡ
һҪôһĺ
˱һ˻ԣǰĹؿΣͨķһأԵȴǺͣϢĹͨȴǳ⡣
һЦȺ֮дܳһӰ죬ʯ˹ȥһɱȴǲܲˣܹҪֱӳǰ壬ƺ嶼һ㡣
˳Ծʱѽ嵽ʯǰһһɼʯ鳯˹һЦֽɽ׳ȥһǷɽʯ֮У˲ըɽʯ鶼ըķ顣
ⱬը֮ȴΪȡʱ䣬ʯϵĹҲһͣһ˿϶һ˿ʱ䣬Цű̽ǺڶһˣڶֱͻȻСҲСಡһ㱻ǺڶС
˶һ㶣ڼڶ֮еӰ쾹ȻһӰ󣬱һжˡ
ڣʯڣ
ʯ壬ڣرñˣ
ҵõĶһͻƱٹڣгɣһҪõ

һͷͷǰҶǾ֣㹻ǰֵҲܱУοⱾ϶˵ûмر֮ǰǻܹ޶ȵĺĻڣĹϵ˲
˫侲ڽ֮صӰҡҡλεĳ̨ȥͬʱҲɢˣƼֵܣľˣҶˣīĵˣͬʿһ˲佫Щѹסһ⳯ʯ˶ȥ

һҽУһɢһɢǰĹɡãƺǰ
λƹֳһȨǿҲƵһ׵Ĵڣֻüͷһ壬ԥ䣬һնɢͬ׷һƬľնˡľмѪҺ֮зɹֱʯȥ
˵һ˿ͷʵǿ˸ǲֻ֣Ҫǰ·飬ֱӺңٵ·ʱòҽɢ֮вдǼ˺ƼЩڻңһûзɵһ룬㲻ʯĹ֮£ڡԼˡС
Ƽֵ໥֣ϵ޷죬ǵһﵽʯġīʦֵܣչֳʵȻǿɵļȴ˸ӻơǣľˣҶˣӵɢ֮еĸ֡һФɽȴں棬Ƕ˲ļֻǣ˶˼֮໥֮ȴǷɵ㣬Žǰ
Ǻڶһ޵׶Ľ˾СһֻǰȻޱȾ޴󣬶ֱԭӵʱ򣬴ʱѾվһط
һߴʯң񷶥Ƕҹһı飬ʯյûһ谵̨ϣ䣬߼ϱڣʵʵڰǰüʶǡľһЩݡ
øر֮أһͷ̾תͷФɽ
ФɽҴңһ΢΢˵ͷʾǵõĵط
ͬʱת֮һﻹʹһҪ뱼۶ȥһҽдˤڵصǲŷִ˴ȻС
ȻԾǰûʲôܹ赲ǡοһΪǣһͨȫȳ˴˲֪ٱоͨѧ֮ʩչṦȿֺĳǸ̨ɱȥ
һФɽһЦҲʩչ׷ȥ
̨µʱûһȥЩڷ˸ϻӺƿļӣԼͬĳ̨ϱȥ嵽̨ϣһųһţԼϰڷŵһöƣһöһƿȻرµģıˡ
ľȶ֣ݵֱֱ˳ȥıҪһɨʱƺҲ̽ľ˵ֱץȥ

ľһͬľֱ۶ʱץ˲䣬ֱϽͻðﻹһݰܵѰ׳ҲȲá˫צӣһ죬ޱȣޱȵƹƺͬһԶ䵽˽ʮڸ̨ͣ˽Ų
ƺ˫͸־֮ɫǿľˣ
һƺԭɢһҲȻ˺һֱ㶵ĿݿľĿľˡ
ľ˺ٺЦȻ㷢֣ϷҲʮǰأϷͻЩﶼùУһ


ڶ ֶԵ
⻰æ˺޲ֵĿվڳԵĿľˡʱĿľͷݻƵͷת࣬ϵҲ׷ȥ͵ֱͦ߳ߵǿмӣһ㻯ģ
Ҫ֪ٹȻֻǸ˱һ㣬ȴر𡣽ԣѰʮǳ٣ڣ˾ʮǼ򵥵顣̤ٹȣǿٶЩֻļˡ
ν춨еĻνгɣɵһٸ棬а˾ʮϣô˲䣬ʿͬʱ٣ֻҪѣһٰ˾ʮûġ
ԣʿʵװװǰġһʿֻǳԸٹȺǲģľ㣬ʮ֮ǰڣʮʱϤתԲˣҲԱܹô˵ĿסϢٹʿö֮ĸ˽
Կľʵ˵߰˸ٹȺͬҲһܹԸڳٹȺҲֻƼֵܣҶ˵ˣϲӰһФɽҲˣ˲Ǳٹȳ𣬱ǴƣοܹġҪɱ¾ˣҲǴ󻰡
ǹ֮ƺмǣæλѣľȻسŵɱ¾ͬȻħҵȵЭɱ¾ţֻҪɣƺԵΪģλѹرʳԣ
⻰ľһҶԣ㿪˵ľȣһΣ㻯һ͵ľͳƺ˹֮֮ͣ죬ǰԱ⣬ʿ֮
ƺϸһһţʱһɷ׽͸ŷϢӭųȥ
֣Сǰ㣡λѣʱ֣ʱҵһˣƺϣҲһɳǳײ˹ȥ
һ죬ƼֵΪһҲס˸ͬ׻һ㣬͵ķʮԾ¸̨ȥ
ľⲻʲҵʦֵҪλѣٶ֣֮ӣīʦֵҲȥԷųƼֵܺľ
ӿľ֣ī˳ֲ֮䣬ȴѡ񡣺ӴȺ֮Խض˳һгľɱ˹ȥ
ΪȻֻбٹڣڵڶϳ֮󣬱ɢ֮еĵˣڿľͲҶ֮¡ʱһ֣ãЩƵɢҲųľɱ˹ȥ󣬱ǲҶˣҲ̾һһľҶгľ˹ȥ
һȺΧľǵŭЦãããûɱǣǾȻҪɱң˾ͲҪҽɱ
˵䣬ǳȻƿһɫǴܶջ㽫˵ķɽ֮ǿһʱȻһķɽ
ľҪˣλѲҪ֣һľǣƺų⣬ͬʱ𷨾һнͬʱſڱһȻƴȫˡ
ÿľƺĻǰһ˿ҵﻹ֣׷ҧгƴȫ֣һʱ֮磬Ȼľƴһ൱
ľһУǹһЦһָľ׶£ֱӽֶסڽһ󣬱ɫɽֱӳ֮У͵ıһʣһǰصɢ޶һҽбǷɽ֮׸ꡣ
ƮɵɺѪҺһӿͷһɢ޴һתҪܡո뿪˵ķΧɫ⻮ҽжûз˴ɽ÷飬ɻһѪ׷졣
նɱˣȻͬɢޣľûһ㶯ݣЦʹŷɽⷨ˳ɱ˿Ѫȳ棬ﻹ˿ܵ뷨һľɱһ
ǿľһЦʹ÷ľľ׶ֶεסһɽɱ˹ǰרɱ߲ͬ˴Ŀ겻ˣƼֵ֮һƺ
ƼСڣҪƹһ򾻣ƼеΪūŮĴ潣˵ţľǷЦ
ƺȻΪ˵ãǴʱľĶֻ֣һ߿λҡһƴȫһעС˼ǰ֮Ҳƺٳ£һֵԼһҲæתǰȥƺ
ҲҪ˭Ҳסľ˿˼ɽѹȥݿ࣬˳ֵķɽȵȾײɱƺǰ
ʱһƺϴһĽֱնɽϡɽȻһء


ڶ ȸں
ǵ֮͸һɫɽλεĽ棬ϺݣȻһƺʩչǲͬһȻռʱ˺ͣȴʵʵڵĽľɽˡ
ֻãǷɽɫˣȴȥֱӳľɱ˹ȥޱȵĽѹƣһѲ֮ƣǰľʩչֶ൱
νˮתһаɱ˷ɽľֻųһ赲ɽǽзɽǿľзת˲㽫ľһɾֱɱľǰ
ľɫ΢䣬һ˫ǰһ󷨾ʱһľӰչֳ˲俪֦ѿųһ̹⽫Ƿɽסһһһը죬ľʮǷɽҲ׷ɶء
ľæٻطɽὣңңָƺŭɶĺȣˣʲôˣҹ
һЦƺϴܳһ׹䵽̨ϻӰȴһ뷢԰ףݿµߣϸȥòȴƺƺֵЩ
ˣľŭƥ򣡡
˹һЦ˵ͷϷ򣬿ľϵܣûԽû뵽ֻٹڵ㣬ȻҲﵽǿϲɺذ
ľһʮ֮ǰ㲻ѾԪľôôţ
ͷ٣ж㼸˰ɣЩ굹ǶЩТ˳ϾŵرűסϷһӲдˣǿ
ƺƺæݵ츣ҵб֮£ЩӦõģ
ĵ˵ͷЩúӰ
߱Тʱ򣬿ľЦƥҲװˣһ˼꣬ҲӦԪһʵмɣ߳ɣɣߣҲڣΪܹѹô
ҡͷľϵܹȻǽҲ׵ģϷԪ˵̼䣬һܷͲˡŽλСϵϵһǽȻѹˣһӦҲܾ˰ɣ
ľһȷʵǰȫ֣ϵôһȸں󣬴֮£ȴǱһ֮нľʱǵתѹһһʵҲֻܷ㣬ʵҲ൱ˡ
״һЦľϵܣʶҲЩͷˣȻཻͺĹôꡣǰҪɱҺ󱲣ƼᣬҲ͵Ϯ㣬ᳶƽˡʵ൱Ƕѱ˭˭ӮȴЩС˱ˣȽˣȻرǷ䣬Ǿ֮£ȻУΣ
⻰Ƽֵܣ˾Աɫǿľһ㶣նӦã
õľĴ𸴣ǳƼֵܵﻹ֪ʿ³һߺæɱǺڶȥ
ǰҴôʹ죬ھܣȥɣľŭһֽɳ״ɱŮĳһ㡣
״ҲͣһһӰ׷ȥΨƼֵ׷ȥȴǳ˲ظ̨һЦֳ̽ϵץ˹ȥ
ʱȴһ̾λ͵͵ҪȡȻĺãʦֵ㣬ϲʲôȡʲôβʹ죡
⻰Ƽֵͬһ㣬תȥФɽһ˭ˡǰǵȱҼݵʱȴǽ˸Ժû뵽ʱȴͻأĳ֣ûһϢľͳֵܶβǾޱȡ
ⱦе߾֮ҵֵȡ͵͵أǶλѣǰǣΪλȥˣԭڴ˼䣬ͻȻ֣ǹ͵͵أ
ФɽһһЦŵ˭˵͵͵ˣ͵͵˭ӵı˭ȡˣ
ƼֵæӿȥȻǰӣȴǿտҲһӶȡߡгɵĿľơ˼ıԼȴǼñﱻ˶ߣﻹġƺȵӣıƼұҲҪ˵ţֶﻹ˼벻ʲôڵӡ
Фɽֱ̧һƳһǻּ䣬صһָĳһָ
ÿĹǰһϴѾʦҳԾˣû뵽ʦϹФɽȤ
һЦҡҡͷʦһȥ¥ղСأ


ڶ ٳ
ȴ˵˽ձʱ򣬴ҶǸ̨ȥͬʱһȴФɽ˷ִ˴Ȼнˣڵȴûһ˿谭һЦ˶Ը뷨ͬʱʩչ֮ߵļԡŸ̨һĻĻսȴǻϴ
֮Ϲж֮ͨһ֮Դ˶£嶼¶ֻʩչֶΣ仯һ̴ӵ𣬵һ㽫¡˷ֹһһߣϵȡ̶̵ʱͽȡɾһǱ˽ڼԭ򣬲͸ĽľӶϾȵطڷƷҲӦϺãĿ£취ʲôûġ
ڶ˽ȡ꣬ͻȻ֣͵ϮľʱΪڳǿĶһԻСʵǶԣԪ˵Ŀľ㲻ȴΣԸֱ֣Ƽֵܽ̽Ϊʱȴǲòˡ
ƺȻûһ棬ӽһֲ뵽ʮɱϷɽĲֱ۶Щ΢΢ĸоĿŶˡǲŸоһ·ϣжʮֵ͵ʦֵȴ͸
վһԵƺҲǿһһתæЦǰλѺαضأФѣཻҲЩʱˣȻȡ·ıĶǲˡǵѷǵҪȡĻҲýزǡ㽫·ȡõıóϷҵ˸ȡ裬ƽΣ
⻰ФɽǹһЦƵǺưװҲ˵ڳʰǣʱбﶼƼҡӴʮ֮ƼҲܳΪеɼ˰ɣ
ƺɫ΢䣬ЦФ˵ﻰҼȻڣǿľ϶Ҳǣʵ˵»Ҫǿ֡ǶλѹϳְæԸľ϶ƼθʳԶأ
ʳԶʣһһȤĿƺָ
ƺ״ǰԼƭ˹ͬԸľ飬ɫʱǵͨ졣Ϊ˼壬Ըⷢԡԣǿʿͷϵһʯһ⵶һԴţŭ𣬶򵨱Ҫһɱȥ
ƺ״ãæסƺϿ֮ɫˣǰǼֵȨ֮ơԸǿľ϶ǵõĴ˼ƲɣȻкƭ֮ӣȴǲòΪ֮ЩЩ˲ڻһĶλȴǲͬˣλڵĵӣ󣬱ƼҾټҲȲ϶λҶԶλ֡
ФɽһĿƺ飬ȴĬԼڵӵݡ
ƺͷһͷһתȴٴζЦλݣȻܹģֻҪѿϳҵƽ־ˣ
ФɽüͷһµʵλѼȻô˵ʦֵܶȴûʲô˵ģ֪Ƕλα֤ܹӦأ
ƺǰһ䱾ΪüƣȴͷһФɽЦЦ֪ƭԷԶЩӵ˶ɱС룬ΨīʦֵܻӲҲ֮Զˡ¶һЦݵФѹȻȻ㿴ƣȻϧȴҲûа취Ǿȥɣ˵ţֵܶͬʱ֣ų⳯ɱ˹
Фɽ֮ʮش̴ӵסһɽһ򽫷ɽųһɽ
ФɽһЦ֮ҹȻûһˣͼذѵǱô
ƺٺЦڣװ⣬ڳĵһ֣ȱٹģοڵӣɱ֮ƼҰȾߣѵΪӣڻѲô
ФɽԵΪͬĵ˵ͷ¶һЦλѵǺƣֻЩǿʱ䵽Ǳ߳˵ôʱҲͲͬˣʱǾ͹ԹԵȥɣ
⻰ƼֵֻͷɵһֻФɽͷɳһö飬ͷ㳯˹æֳҪסöǵʵܹ͵ġҽдⱻɣͬʱʮǱ鲻һͣɳ˹ȥ
Ҫ
ƺ鷢һǱ͵ȥͷ­ϱҿĿӣײ¸̨Ȼˡ
ڴʱһüͷһתͷںڶ⻪룬䵽ϻ


ڶ ֻȸ
λʦ壬Ͽ֣ɱǣıԺˣīæں
ԺţͿľһ
ǶԺȻԺ֮Ҳ磬֮ȴʵʵǷԲǧڵһɡΪߵԪӤһĴڡ½𵤣ǲ١
ֻƹƫԶɽûмԺĵǰû뵽ȻԺĵӣһ֪ͨ˳Ӧ
ǰƣڵΪһǰǶ˱㶷һԪȴǱȲǰԺӡ
Ƕ˽˼䣬īĵĻϸߵ˵˵λʦֶˣֻǴұ㻽ǣû뵽ȴǼֵ˿̣˲ҲɱûмˣȴҵٷЩֽţܺãܺã
⻰īüͷ΢壬Ҳ˽ġȻλʦ֪˼䱦ﲻԼ˶̣ҲҪû̺ôֻû뵽ӶĳĴڣǵļƻ˵ǲɥ֮²֪ͨ˽⻰ԼףλʦǿԼ뷨ͬԺԷɱԼȻЩģȴ¶ԷļӺ
ʦ֣⼸ʦֶҲˣǣ˵Ϲϱ¶Ȼ¶ǻ罫ʰˣҲҹζǡ
˵ͷĽʦ˵ʯ˼䱦Ҳǲ٣зһĴڣ׸ԺӦǴһ˵ô鵤ҵȾܹѹǱ԰ļˣ
ĽΪͬĵͷʦ˵ǣԷżͷͷ̫šҲ˵񳯵ⱦأǽƹɵӸ֮Ժ£ҲСһأ
Ǳ٩٩̸ǽԼҹ䣬ҲΪѿľһ񣬶һ̾ȻЭ飬ʮĬͬʱӶɽն˹ȥ
ľɵҲ͵Ϯɣͷţֱһȷɳͬһնһһɽ
һӣԶըľȻͬʱը÷ˡڴʱϳɾļһѸɽһ̨֮ȥ
ӺõҪƭǣҽ̣˵䣬Ҫ
λʦ壬ﲻУֻṦīѾ
ռ֮в˽˵ǽ𵤣ԪӤ¶ڲ˼ȴǲ֪ö˶һִӰյǽŲվȣ¾Ҫһࡣ
Ľæǰתͷ޺޵Ŀīһۣߵš˵ͷҲأṦ𣬱ֱ׷ȥ
ȴ˵̨֮ϣһФɽȻ˵ʲôȴҲ³Ϳľ˷ɱФɽٺһЦʦܣô
һԿһһȡУӦǹˣйʲôģСܶҪʲôͨϣʦܹһˣƿ֮УӦǵҩ֮ӦòֻһٵĻСȡһǣǶĻСȡΣ
ФɽҲҲǹƽֽƿڷʲôģǶܵ˺ܲȻ¶Էˣˡ
ڶ˷ϣͿٶ˲űϸ̨ſտҲĳԼվԵһФɽˣһ㶣λ֪ժ˹ʵ̨ʬʱѪ˿ŭˣ͵ұɱҲҪǵ
ͬˮͿľͬʱһФɽ˹ŷɽɱ˶ᱦֱǶ˴ʱдա
Фɽű֣ΪǱٹȺڣʵѰҪǿ֣һǱ̬ΪѾˮ׼š⽣ȾʶͨףֻҪ϶ôֶΣնɱҲǲܵ顣
Фɽ֣͵˳ȥһǽ׽ٽȡ˳׹ҫȻҲϧ¶ʵˡ
˸ոս֣ĽҲϸ̨սٺЦսţսһţʮֹǣ·ķͿľˣض๥٣᧿ΣФɽһͬȴǿƽ֣оݸʤ
˶֮ʱһޱȵĲҽдīĵʦħ


ڶ 
īĵһȻֹһҽУĹ֮תͷȥֻīʦֵĵطǰͿٶɱĲҶ˵ʬ⣬εʬ壬˵īʦֵ֮еˡ
Щʬ岻ԶīıһѪӰץŲ˫ѾϳֵȻǰһҽкʹȹǶѵ
˼һĻԼͬĽŭ˫ͨ죬ݺݵָѪӰη¾ԺӣٷʬΣãܣ
⻰Ӱһ㶣ȴûзſīĵ˼һֻ֣һӣīһѪջһߣѪɫӰϡ
ī۵òҽƬ֮ûϢȻˡ
ãããСԺǰɱˣʬ̫٣Ҫǣۣ֮óŭȵ
ѪɫӰ׿īĵʬ壬תͷ̨һЦҪʬΣǣԻ꣬óððû˸˵ֻˡ
ΪᣬǷƽʱҲöѪܵĳ£ȴԵɭֲڿľȴǾĽеӣֽɱˣôܻ
һЦӰдӲǱһˣһͷûʲôˣأɱҷȴҲЩأľҪˣ˵ӰϵѪ⽥ȥԳĿ˭ˡͬҲǳ۳Ѫþ֮еˡ
һħ㻹һħޣɱԺӣݲ㣡ὣҪǰȴǱĽס
Ľʦܣ㵽Ҫʲô
ʦ֣㿴˵ָӵĽ£ȴƾȻ˼Ľܹڿն
һĻФɽһˡһСʲôܣһ֪ľڲϢٹȺڣƺϲЩӲС׵ʶīķųѶС֪һ˵һж֮С
ΨһȴС׵ļ֮С˵С׸Ͳ֪صôڴ˼䣬С׶޷ڿԷȴܹڿնֻ˵һ⣬ԷΪСҪǿܶ࣬ǶԷʵȴط򱦱֮еһ֣ơǰʯϻҰѪͼֻһ˿ΣյϢ
ߣû뵽ԳҪӰ죬ر²ϹʿҲǵ˴еĴڣһˡӺٺЦ˵ٴ䵽
ǰһĻ֪ԷʵԼܹ⣬ǰīĲﻹţЩ΢ĵ㵽ʲôˣ
ţ㻹֪˵ţӳ̨˹һһʵ죬һת۱̨ϣ˼״˺󣬲֮ӽ
Ǹ̨УЦЦĿһФɽһۣһڳϣһռŤһССĺڶƾճ֡һɿӺڶ֮дľȻһöȭͷСĽɫӣǽɫ֮һ˵ӰС
һǿԶϢö֮зųסӶ˼ӵȴ̰Ϳ̽ȥȴһ⽫ֵ˻
Ӳ⣬ЦԪȻԪöǺöǱСģ©֮
⻰β֪ʲôԪ֮ĴڡôһصĸڣĶα˭ҿǶᱦʲôġ
ڴʱһߴһУȴС׽еԪȻԪ˼ҲԪ죬죬ǺöǾĺööԪȻɫһ㣬ҲԪӤһġһԪӤ˵֮ȫѪ䣬ɵĶֻҪˣܿɱ䣬ڣ𵤺ڣֻҪȡ֮ޱȵǧͷħͷħȲáеĸ㹻ͻƱٹڣгɣǼӾųɾţҲ׺ܶడöñ찡˾ܣ
С׹˲˿ֵڵ˵һһȻòʮȴ֪ⶫʮֺãʮҪԼ˵ʮֵá
ʱһѡԺ֮Уǲ


ڶ 
ٴεȥƿԪӣһ͵һҧħˣѪȲ̹ɱ˲գۣǹǲŹȥȻˣһҺβƴˣ
⣬һæСף׼ӦƿԪٴα˲䣬һƾճӺԪ֮䡣̵һƣ㽫Ԫȥ
뱾ӴһһѪ㳯̴ȥ
ڴ˿̣һɫϼ֮бѪ⵲ס˳ƾԪɫϼ⣬ʧ
һĻȫǵʯ֮䣬Фɽ˶һ㶡Фɽ״һ죬Ҳˣ֪һֲ֣ӶŹˡңӻᡣ˶ţͬһ档
һʧˣıﶼˣŭǶҪ˵䳤ۻѪɫһӣ㻯Ѫ˿һǵصռסͿľ־ͬ֩ϵĳӲҶ֣Ѫ˿͵һ㳯˹ȥһҽжûзĸʿ㱻ûʧѪ֮С
Ѫŭûĥ㣬һֱʶ̽飬ֵһԼһ˿ѪϢȴ֪һɲǰԪˡ
ӣû뵽Ȼ֮ץ㣬㽫Ѫܣĥ㵽֪ҵ˵ţӵһ֣һһݳķ׷˹ȥ
һ£СʶֱָӳȥЩ谭֮Ľƺ֮ڱ棬صûá
Сףųֿʲôôһһ߼ٶߣһѯʵ
ǰǵϼȴС׼ȹѵķ赲ġȹƷǷʺ赲һԼһ˿ףȴҲ̲סˡ
С׵˵ҵûʲô⣬ƺû뵽һ֣һѪ⵹ҲȹܹסʲôõĻӵֶȷʵ˵ãȻѪ˲ңһ˿ϢܹѭϢ׷ɣ
һһ㶣Цԭˣǿ鷳ˣȻҵûɣٶҲ൱Ҫôһֵ׷ȷʵѰ
С׺ȻʵҲ£
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ǰһѪ⣬Ȼһ㰵㣬ҲԳΪҲڲ֮䣬ǽڣܹǽƿռ֮ڿնӦʲôֻҪ֣Ӧûʲôġοɶٶȱ죬ȴһҿ죬´򲻹ǻӡǴӣͿˡ
һѡһԳƬ̣ڷףһХͷض¡֮ϡڵ£ת֮һֻ÷תȻעصʱʼ
ã׷ˣħȻַȻпɽ֮һЩСˡʵȻǿᣬҵĺطȴԶԸֻҪ˻֣Һûʲô⡣Сæڵ
һת֮СһԼС׶Ը츣֮ʱֶΣҲɵ
һȴȴӵСٳʩչѹС
һҪ֣ȴһ̴ԶƮһЦɣһǰǿѪȥСͬʩչȹѣѪ⵲ס
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һ㶣Цøڣ˱㻹ڵˣٹڵΪȻЩʵȴ˽˳Ҳˣ
һ֪ԷڼŭԼϵһЦħͷݵÿԣʵܹȵģ֪вԱУӦͷղˬ˶ɱضĺܲҡ
ӼһϵҲʧҡͷųħɱôα֪֮ҪӶᣬҪǿ档ҲһֻҪɱңܹ档ϧˣ


ڶ Ѫͨ
ӴԳڣһʱоƺԷ˵ԣԼضڴ˴һ㡣
С˵ǽΪСҲǽΪ֮еλһطڣԲͬġ
һͷһתȥ϶ʱָů⣬ȻһϡĺԼɢȥʱ׷Ǳ֮ԲΪŻԼһͨȴǿžԵͨķʽʩչ߲֪СԼ־ᶨ֪Լĵڣ˵þʹУ롣
һ˿ԼⶫԼûͨĿʶͨм֮ͨһ㣬һɫȦɳһһöСַǽħߵӱ֮ħӡ
ħӡӼһ֣һȻϵһƬ̣ɫ΢΢һ䣬ЦǶڵӣһΪҡײƭҪˮúôȻһַħӡڵˡܹɱͬʿӲʿųݻ򵥣Ӧһ֮еٮٮ߰ɣ
һ֪ħȻСڵӶԸħ˵ʱȴֶΣ֪ħ˱һַӡ˵ħڵߵһ־
û뵽һ¶ԼݣһЦŽǵȻ֪ڵӣѵҶô
ڣһţȻȻ£ɱôһӣȴٱµķΧ֮ڣοǾӢӣɱһһħŵˣֶΪأ
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㶣ЦָһЦһս㾹뱾һսҪΪѧ֮ʲôûа취ٹȱϾֻǱٹȣܹƥڣڱȿ˵ڶ󾳽ǰֻϣֻҪһžܲ㣡
һ״ҲŭֻǵȻСıҧָ
˵úã˵ٶ඼ǷϻҪֻҧָ˵ţһϷٴλѪɫһѪ˿ǵص˳Բһ֮ڶиѪ˿ͬʳĶһ㣬ŵһϵζ˹
ħҪ񣬿ֶΣа
һֱ̧㽫׽ٽȡֵյ㻯һһƾճ֣һȣ䵽׽ٽϡһž죬׵Ѫ֮СꡱЩѪѸٱ׹ƣһѪ֮УʱѪһ˿覴
֮ף׵֮СӣȻȻһĽܳӣѡɱǲԩɱһһħŵαӣ챾棬ССΣ޾Ѫǵأ׶໹ҵѪ۶࣡
һѪ˿ӵѪ֮ûƬ̶Ͼ޾һ㣬һʩչջ٣ջٵٶȴǽȲѪ˿ӵٶȡ̶ʮԭԶŲֻվԭأųףһྻ֮ء
һ㾽ӷüЦ㲻ʲôôôʩչѵ֣ߺߣǰ֣Ȼͳȫ㣬һɣ˵䣬Ѫ͵һ֮ıѪӵѪ׷һޱȵѪ˿ȵֱԱ⵶УһҪиڱ֮еʱʿһ£ʱȴǹʼʩˡ
һ絶УиѪ˿һ˷һӣ׹⽦ˮһ׽ٽ˲佫ǰɱһѪ·һݽ񽣺һݺЩѪѪ˿֮У׹ָ֮ЩѪ˿ѪǶѱջ٣赲ֺһһֱӳѪģѪ۵ɱ˹ȥ
һʲôϬȻܹиѪ׵֮ѵǴ˵еġ⽣ˣ׽ǧٸ֮Ҳѳһ׵Եģ⡶⽣׵Խ֮ΪΪѧĴڣû뵽һСӣȻܹȾ磬ȻڵĽܳӡΪôһֽܹԸôã񳯼Ȼ㣬ڵαǺúʹһɣѪ죬ɱ
˵ţѪʱڻһƬѪɫˮƾһѪɫε𣬳һ˹иɼøʽѪѪѪҺУֱһϯ


ڶ ʱ
ȱ仯̫ͻȻһɫ΢䣬æת⣬ͬʱ׳һ׹ѪˡֻѪרųֶΣѪصɣȻ׵֮ƣŨޱȣȥһ㲻ʲôһ˻𣬱㽫Ǵ׵û
⣬ݣ
һһ仯⣬ԼٷУת۱ܿѪˣͼӽӡα仯תۣʱҪٽӽһȴǲãֻʮ⣬ϵЩѪ˾
һǴЦֲ°ڣһͨ˷һӿȥͬǽһ㽫ΧС
Сӣ˵þˣǱֻ㵹ùˡڱµʿǶ಻˵ڣһԪڣҶţ貨Ҳûӹֻܳӵг֡Ӧö֮кúٳ֡ʱ˵ûǧ֮һĻűٹڣҲӲĲģԹҲǣֻ㹻Щ϶۵ˡ
һ˷籼ӿѪɫΣЦһȻûӣξ֪ܹɱң˵֮أ
ߣͷӲ˵ֻ֣Ҫ㳢һѪ֪֪ʳʹ࣬ϧ˼һˣ޵Ѫ죡
һ䣬˷ӿѪ˶ʱһѪ˿ƣӣ˲ͽ޾ѪóɹһѪ֮£ֻضʱ谵̧ͷȥԭ޾ѪһƬⶼڵ½׹⣬⻪ʧ
ħˣȻԳ޵ЦҸˣ
һˣ˽һѡϷͻƣ׹⣬䣬εض𣬳ȥѪ˿ɵ޵Ȼ򵥣ȻǴ׹֮±ջƬ˲Ѫ˿ջٶȸȲãⲻɸ߶ȱ㱻ѹסٲܷɸߡ
ۼ˷ѪԽԽϿյѪƺܼһüͷһ壬͵һţý֮һ˲乹һӰǷ׷Ѫ˿Ѫס
һҫ⣬ݣ
һǱӰı֮У˴⣬˴ȴٳϷȥһͷ·Ѫ֮СֻѪ֮д͵֮ͬʱðһӶΪһɱ£ȴһ׹Ѫ±һ㴩Ѫ˵Χ֮󣬱һ򻯳һ˭ˣֻǴʱǸջķٴòıӰЩ
һȻǷǷ͵ģϧˣ鰵Ͷ㲻ǱٹʿȻ֪ʲô취ܹʹվӲ˼ڱܹ֮ӱҲ㻹ƾѣǲܵˡⷨķϣֻҪ㽫Ԫ뱾ٽ׷ϣ׼תͶ̥ΣȻһûˣ±ӻлأ
ΪջԣһһϵһЦħӲǿҵıҽ֮ԱˣôϻҪɱҪϤ㣬ҪɱҲô׵ģֻҪԱ˵ҲЩ˰ѣԪ˵þʹ˻ˣջϲһҲֵõġ
ɫһ䣬û뵽һȻԪҪЮԼɲһˣвЦСӣвƾΪҪףοԪȱǼ򵥵ͱٻʲôر㱬ɣñ㵽ж
һһ㶣ҡͷЦħ̫ƻȾɱûôף˵㻹ڲٴ϶Ԫܣ̵Ĵò
Цһ㿴ΣҪԱ붼룬֮㹻׼Ա˲佫ɱһٴΡǵɣñĥȥ߶ֱɱˣԼѡɣһ֣Ҳһˡ
һҡͷЦû뵽ѡ˿ħ˻̫ҪūۣʲôѪһĴڣȴҲأ֪ܷŹһ
ӺٺЦŹһõ㻹ٴˣ¾޻ڣҪʿ֮ʱ䣬ڱǰõģǹԹʹǡ
һԿЦû뵽㿴ˣʱȻһ򵥵飬Ҳˣһ̧ͷȵС׶֣


ڶһ С׳
Сףһʱеһ˫ͫ˲ԵľϢʮУʶĻӶۣһѪǵصĳ󷽻ȥͬʱһݣһһѪ⳯ȥ
Ϊյ˲䣬һ𣬴˿̵󣬶ͷ̧ͷȥֻһ׹ֱ֮죬Ҳֺǧ֮һͷת͵һѪ֮С
С׹û˿ɣͬѪ֮Уʹ⻪ɷ׺һգǿֺ磬ޱȵѪ˲㱻ոһƬ΢Ʈȥ
Ѫ֮УȻˮСƾźԼԶʵźջ赲ѪԲ˿ٶ׷ȥһģһ⣬СǱذΣΪľһ̱ȫ֡Ȼ˳ȥȴҲļ֮С
һ׷һӣ䣬Ѫ㱻÷飬ӵٶȱ㲻СˡС׻һɴ̵ͬʱæرܣʱС׽ԳһЦݣһӣһöͨ챦ϣй㣬ȻǷƷһҲǽ𵤷һԪӤƷϣƷһµķ
ЦһͬһץһѪͷ˳Ȼͨ챦飬ȴҲǲ͵ײһһ˽Ѫɳʯ𣬷Բʮ֮һƬ谵һ
ӻٻطݱܷâȴһ⻮Բ˹ͷһɽѪ˳ȥڴʱ˫ֳǰߵĵطǰͬһ˫ƾնһצףĺ⣬ԿһȻƷʲǰı飬ԼѪҲضáľǣһצ׽ߣϵĵ̶ֺ©ı۵ס
С״ľ֮еõģƷȻλߣΪצ෨ĺΪɵ飬ʶѡ˹շģת⡣ʱ˿̣һ׷ǵһչ¶СУȻԵø룬ȴԶʿǿࡣ
ȹͷֻһߡŲң˫ǰһϣ˲޾Ѫˮһ˫֮лһ˫ȭæг߰Զһ˫צһȭ
ȭצཻ˲䣬һɱΪħ޻Ҫǿͨȭ׳˫ۡ͵ӿһƬ죬˫۳ԾޱȵĿǰ˶¸վȣƵñʮڡ
С촽һƣ³ȥɣ
ȭצ֮һɹɷĹƾճ֣һӹ˹ȥŵƣһʵˣ˵ֻħҲҪˡ
ʱΪħŵӵֶʩչˡſ͵һ磬õѪ鶼һǹһͬʱ˫һ˫ȭ͵Ĵȭ֮гСһ˫צȭͷ˺ɷ飬һѪ
СȻಽû뵽Է˸ɴࡣڻβ䱣ӲһǺķһھѪǲǱֱӿǿĺֶΡ
СЩԾǣȻӿȴߣһƣڿԳ޺޵ĿλẦ£Ϊûնɱ˶Էеϧһ׹ɵһߡ
СףôһʵǰһĻν䡣ȻԹۿȴֻöӰϸһҲûֻӷСײŷɻߡ
Сһ͵ϮֻˣҲǰ׽ˣ
һԺٺһЦΣǵˣ
СԲİһۣȻûҪһһھѪħޣѪ֮ҲȻˣֻ㲻ʮؾˡ
һԵ˵ͷЦ˵Сӹΰ
һ⹧άСûıͷȥٲᡣ
ʱԶԶĿһĻ㵽ʲôˣΪҪ͵Ϯ
СһССĽʿơǺ㲻ֻ֪Ҫ֪ȡ˾ˡ
ȡˣߣ⹦㲻ɵҲħȹ컹ñ¶ݰɣѪħͫԪԳΣǰһĨһѪ˫ֱͫӳСչ
ҪΣҲ룬ֶΣС׽һһѩ׹ȦԼ


ڶ ֪
ҪС׵вأôףѪħͫѪڰ׹ϱ͵ķأеĲһޣ翵İ
ܺãȻҪӵҪ㵽ܹصʲô̶ȣѪħͫԪƾģ
ǱɫȦѪһһ䣬˴λû䵽Ȧϱô򵥣һУѪȴʲôӱԴĶ򵥡
Сһħŷ̳Ϲ徫裬ȻܹԼ׽ۼܺãֶܹطڤ
Сһȳڣͬʱֵĸһĵİɫ棬۵һʧƬ֮ƺһƺһСɫ䵭ĿŶˣ޺޵˵㾹ȻܹڤѪħͫԴʲôˣºʱĸ֣ʩչֶβɵӢĽҲǲܣ㵽ʲôˣ
ΣСᡣ֮ҪԼݣΪ˳䲻⣬ֻԼһй¶˵þ֪ԼһޣԼΪС˼˵ӣһҲ²͸ʶôʣСֻһˡ
ڣСҲʵ÷ˣһһϣħͷնɱˣҹζ࣡˵ţҲһθϣһݣ˰׹⳯ӷ
ڷͬʱС׳ֵĵһǻ챦飬ҲǱСΪƷ鱻С׼ͷһָôһɫ泯˹ȥǰ͵ϮΪ˳䲻⣬Сֻѻשͷˣ˴ʽ֣չ¶ʵ
ɫǽ֮Ѱܹӵеǿ棬ƽʱȣ˿ԵС鲻ͬйԪ֮㹻ȼ֮ԵС֮ʹۣǲ׵ĴڣȻһ׳ҪǮһʱӳһæܿȥͬʱַųѪֵ
ײһ˲䣬СѾǰ֮ǺԵ˫צǰΪɻ䣬Ϊħޣʵһ޵Ĵڣӭͷϣ˴ȴǻֶΣȭֶη֪һӭȥ
ħ֮г˸ʽħ⣬ħۣħ֮еٮٮߣȻóѪҺһħħҲ˵áֽС׵˫צཻȻͬеǹǿⳤȭײͬ࣬ͽС׵жȥ룬ʣµĿ£С׶൱
С׼öԷȻԼ˫צҲȣǺ屾ͲȡʤȻ֮еλ಻еƫϡǰħԱƽħ޻Ҫܹ࣬Ҳ
˶ʮغϣС˫צǰһϣ͵ץ⻡иſӷ˹һתвϻ裬ֻһž죬һ⻡㱻顣
ۿСף˵ôܽѹƵȳ̶ȣŮ棬֮ͬУŵ
СΪİں㹧άһһָѪһĻ
ת¾񣬸գ
Сһָ֮£ǻϽɫĵ˲һתҰһת⽥ȥȻɫΣֻƾһ֮ԶԶվŻûмսŵһɵôһ䣬ڶμʶСֶΣǰһС׵ıûʲôо˴ȴСһֶε
תﵽĳ̶ȣɫΣֶΣ
ӿСףȴûһ㵣ĵƺǰЩС͵ϮĲһж֮һ㡣
ٷϻȥɣ
ȻɫΣ֮ȴ΢΢ᣬȴܹŵǻ鵱һתβһһ㣬ԻΪͷ˹ȥ
ȻԸħȴشĿƣɱңǴĲǣķ֪Ѫޱߣ
һһöſױӰͷһſ֮һɹŧѪٲȪһ㣬˲ڿйһƬѪĺ󡣶⺣֮УѪҺ壬ҪϸһĲҽУ˼֮
Ѫһ֣˹ȥ֮Ѫɺɫ飬Ƭ֮Ǳѿ⣬ɢ
಻Ƕᣬôɱ꣡ӼһԾ
֪֮ȥɣһһ˭ˡ


ڶ ſ
һľ飬תͷֱһѪ⣬ȥһȴҲһЩСǰָһʩչˡ̤ѩ޺ۡطӵע⣬Ŀıôһ򵥾ܽġ
һһĨ׽ٽŵ׽϶Ϊһʮصһ޽׵ը죬һɹɱϢͬʱһͨļӳȫɢƣȻ˲ȫﵽ۷Ĺ
ƽʱһһܶôһ𵤸ʲôвʱСǣƣʮоųɶСϣһͻȻͻȻ֣ܹѵˣ£ȻˣҲȴġ
ȥɣ
һ˫һУűװҲѪ⹥͵ı㽫׽ٽ׽Ƴȥʮһ䣬ֱӳӱȥ
Ӷң
ǽһĸ֡ħ֮ȾֱħڡµľѪѪѪԼ࣬ʹ̣֮еѪҺϢһСֻҪ˹̵ָܹһôһССıٹھȻҪ˵ԼУ۶Էʲôݣٹڣܹ˵ԼһëҲǱɨ˶⣬Ƥˡʶ⼴һڱһŭˡֻǴʱŭ˸ɺȴֻܾۼһѪ⿰һֵס
Ȼ֪⽣Ǿһʲôʲôħ׽ұ
һһŸ֣ǻĽ֮УʱŵըȻ˾ű׽ⱬըѰͬը֮󲢲ɢըŵƥ׽ٽ֮Сһ˲䣬׽ٽԶ׵֮΢촫ȻһϸϸƳڽϡ
һΪʹˣһһٵʮɽȻһֻǷ𣬵ȴǶⷨǶ֮еĶ⣬ԱĴڡǣʮһУȫһһ׷ͽ콵ƶɣܹһʮһȻӵԲѷɫκһԱܹ֮в𵤵ˡ
֮бıϢһǹһ̵Цݣɫȴѿޱȣ˵ǰһʹһƤĻһ¾Ҫ˽ˡ뵽ӲתƺʲôޱȵľֻȾС׺һ಻ǰǰ䱣ֵ£ֻҪһԿ͸Ƕˡ
ѪޱߣΪޱԩΪһӣ
дʣѪʱһҪȥƺҪγһ㡣
ӱĴڣҪ֪ʲôģ
СһǻЮĻһ˦βѪ֮жһƬһҽ֮УͷתֱӳȥһޱȵϢȥӶое⡣
νл裬ǰС׵꣬ǿ󣬺һϢԱľ޴ͬ˽ǡȴβˣѡ΢һܣ֮ҲҪٴСֹĹһ޽ɱ֡
øɱ֣û뵽ҳ۳ô꣬ȴǱǱƵȾأЦ
̿ɻɻɱ¾̫̫࣬ǽûǳ֣ҲضУɣ
Ҫϻٳ֣
øɻҪɱҿûôףϧҺò׵ѪӡǣҪúû뵽ҲֻܷˡǽҼŭˣ˭Ҳߣ˭ҲҵҪħͷܹЦ󣬻αܹЦ󡣡
ͷ񣬿ʮù⣬ʮһɱħȥɣ
ʮһһֱƵǰ˲ϢͽһƬѪը飬赲һɱӵıġ
ʱƺûʶһ㣬ǵз˫ۣд˵ʲô
һһУͷһƺޱȵʤһ㣬ƺԷзֶһ
СףСһЩһ
ڴʱͷõľſѪɫըһѪ¶һöſѪ顣һöѪ鲢ãʵʵڵĶѪ֮ɱɷ˲ռ䡣
þûʹˣſѪ飬Ǽʶʶɣ


ڶ β
ſѪ飡
鱦
ʲô鱦
СһſѪҲһףһȻỳС׵жϣҲΪʲôԼǰָо
ԴӾʶ֮ͨһȻûоͨŴͨİԼԼÿһͨᷢһáĩʶֱܹͨʹýļӳ֣ʶܹͨԼ׽ΪµͷһЩ뷨ʶͨС֮Աǣ֮Ϊá
ҲΪصͨҮʶͨĦʶ©ͨ߻ܹоԼǻ۽ͨǰùͻȻãԼеΣգֻ˵һ⣬ȷʵڤڤ֮Լһˡ
ͷһһѾ˾ʹ˿ɣһһɹɷü֮ϳӺȥ
ܹϳſѪ鱦ҲмʶˡǱҪѪӡǣˡֻû뵽վȻǱƵȳ̶ȣѪӡǶˣʧɲܹģԣ죬ʱǱҪŨѪħ꣬ħһĴڣūۣ
ӿЦŵһָǾſѪǰӰһ㣬ͷ߿һľſ֮ӿŨޱȵѪҺѪҺ˲һƬѪɫֻǱǰͬǣдѪҺ֮УѪ˸࣬󣬸ǿС׵֮£ֻ˱һ㣬ֻһЩСѪ˱ճɷɻңǿֻЩƣѪ֮һָ˹
鱦Ȼ鱦ֵܹ⣬ãСͷ֪鱦ͬӵ鱦ĺƷƶһȻʱأҲʮףһ鱦ʿãǽһҲʤ˵ûʩչʲô׺ֶΣԼһܹӵ㲻ˡ
ڴʱըǹЮżֶεǾſѪ鹹Ѫǽһ֮У֮⣬𣬸ǿа׵ѪǽպûΪơһһͬˮݣǿޱȵıը
һһֶ鱦࿹ֻ֣һһըȴһ̾⵽ʲôǿ󣬾ȻҵѪѪײСЩֶΣ׽ûģ˵Щջ񡣡
Ҫʩչֶץһһڵʱһо֮һɫִһط֮зɳ䡣ͬʱһһָüģһƬҳһĶ˳ձǣŽҶСҶʲô
ֻһڱҶһ㣬ϳһɽ⣬֮ӵޱѪȥ֮ЩΪɫѪ˶ʱֹͣѿòϾȻ¶һ˿˿Ц
ʲôȻҾſѪ֮еѪãУҽѹˣѪ飬ѪɷѪ飬ɣ
ſѪ֮Ѫ͵һЩѪûУƬ֮һѪ˸ˮ棬ѽ֮ȻֵסɫâǶȻ˲֪ħĽٲô
һ뵽԰ıҶȻܱһⲻ𣬾תأ䣬Ҷ͵һͷǾطⱬǿĹͶ뱴Ҷ֮УһĽҲȥ
˫ؼӳ֣ǱҶųĽ͵һǣ˲Ѫ֮УЩѪٴγּȻ
ӼϷһ䣬ŭſ磬Ѫ
һ䣬ǾſѪ͵ǴʮˮͰһС͵һѪŵѪſѪ֮УԭӷȥûûҪһֶΣֱѪɱˡ
ڴʱС׶ߴһ˲ɫ΢䣬зһصķӡ˲䣬һ׺Ѫһס㳯Զɶݶȥ
֣ȴѪ֮оȻһЩ⣬谭ѪٻأŭһѪɳС׷ɱȥ
Ѫ󼴽׷ʱ򣬱С׺ͻأķֳһģһҾʹ˷ɿ
ʲôϢȻһģһôܣӳһЦһһָѪһ׷ȥ
׺֮УС׼úѪ׷˹һٴηֻû뵽Ѫ׷ϣɵóԾʩչηβ֮׷ǿҵвأôܣûܹβģ


ڶ Ӧ
Сһϼ֮Уһ¶üͷ΢ǰұһ㣬һ֪±˱ǣ²취ȥӦĻҲѲˡ
СüһأȻѲˣͲѱˣǰ㽫ǱҶʩչռϷ磬ΪʲôҪҴߣ
һԿЦһ͵һȣһѪˮ˳С׼״һףæסɹһ˿Ԫסһ֮ȡһöҩ˹ȥ
ˣƴȽ̨ˣЩɵҩôֻҪ㹻ָܻ֮ܿġΪʲôҪߣԭͷ鱦ħѪ֮һѪӡֳ鱦ƥԪӤˣǰұñҶԹˣȴûа취ƴ̨Ҷ֮еҪܶЩأ˵ţһȡ
С׼֪һƣͷĪ㺸ƲȥҲǽڵɣ֮ܿת֪ǰһ±ѡź󷽽ŵѪҧгݵĽһطҪǣȴ˷ʱȥԸ
һͨٴʩչβڵʩչֻǺķЩԪΪʵ̫Ӱ죬ʶܹһʩչʮΡ
ʩչ֮Ѫɽĸں棬֪Լʩչطûгɹ
԰ɣһϼ֮˳ǵѪüͷ΢壬üһ㽫Ҷһӣǣһɹɽͬ׺ʮ֮󣬱õѪɫ⻪Ӷϣϼ⣬׺֮зɳһѪƯһǰ
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һæס֣ȷʵǱˣⶫƺǼ鱦ſѪ֮ģǿ»һЩõı仯
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ȴ˵ΪһʩչҶĽ⣬òͣԭʰѪͳѪ֮ȴһҲĶ˻ѡ
ʲôֶΣȻֻܹôϢһģһĻһ˿Ѫɷ֮ϣͱˡȻѪӶˣҪȴǾˣʰѪ֪Ϊʲô˳ΪѪӣ
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ֻû뵽ǣһͷȻð踶֣˳Ԫ˵СôһΪҪѪӡ㽫ſѪ֣űŪǱѣͷŲòһѪӡתѪ顣
ΪѪӡ˷Ѵ룬ԪһߣԼŪǱѣѪܵˡ
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ءڱţҪȥصļһ˺顣
һ׹ŮӵĽȵҹղٿɱ䣡
ǰ׹ҵϣըһڱһըӲɽʯϡӵڱųɽ濴˿ﻹǰŵ棬ήĹͬίĺһ㣬ܿĿ־ȻͨǣѪǣջûĥͨ͸ıܸԲƥеĴڡ
˿ԭԼɽβûɴ⣬С¹Ҳܣȱ㳯֮бȥ
谵ɽ֮УһӰСףǶڵϵһ
ֻãһһһ֮䣬󽥽ðŵǲ⡣ֻ֮ǰҪ٣Ȼ˴ƴܵƲᡣ
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ףѣףҪӣ򵥣һٺһЦʹõԽԽ䣬һмҴʮʹһ㣬ֱӽ𽣲סȴѲá
һһӡ֣ӱŭ⣬ټԼĳ𽣾Ȼס԰ΣͷһŭһСӣСԼϧͱֱˡ𽣣
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úݣȻңϨ㣡һŭһдʣ𷨾ǻ漴յʱһˮ򣬻һף㽽ڻϣǻ˲䱻
СӣȻ÷
ѵֻ׼ݹٷŻ𣬲յƣֻ׼÷Ͳ׼һᷨȻֶαˣ֪ӣ˵ɣ˵ţһϣⲫɱ
ܹһû뵽һȻᷨȴǱһɱ¾Ϣ㣬һʱңæкҺϣɱ


ڶһ Դ
ǰӺ˵ЩæһզŷųһģƺҪһһ㡣
һ״æ˺󣬻ųһ֮Ը˵ķɽʮôҲЩֵסһʵʵԶЩӸɱȣڽĿƸѰ˵ֶΣӶװģ֧һ´ʱѱʮˡ
ã˶۸٣ԭ֮ΪǼʶˣ
⻰ӶʱһΪǰһŵо߳ܣһֶԴʱԼһ˶Ըһ˸еЩ޵ݡתͷһǱСŮһۣƺӶԷпһĵȻ⣬ƺЩϷʺͲм
һ뵽ԼȻΪһ˶ϲŮ㿴Ӷʱŭͷ򵨱תͷһȵøӣøˣ˶۸ģ˵ϻ챾ӾҪ֪ײʲô˶ǵģ
ܹӻֱץһѸɫһף㻯ַǻˮḷ̌ش̣һһ˹ȥ
๫Ӹܹһ֣˳֮꣬æջطһЩĿꡣǲ¶ʵȴǶܲЩҲûܣŭһ趯ٶ֮쾹ȻһƵһѧ֮и˵岻룬ˮòҹĸֶΡ
·˾ƺϳһһֹ򣬲ͬʱҲ̾ϢϾֶȻϬȴǲôķȴԱ֤ġ
ʯ֮䣬ЩֱһĽ֮ϣһǳƵײ֮󣬵̳һǿطƬ̣һӰ˳һ˭ˣʱȴǱ࣬ΪߴĽ±ƬƬѣеطյķڣǸһѪ˿ɼǳЩġ
һһѪˮһʮֶֹΣǼʶˣ֪λӻʲôֶΣӺһ°ɣ
ãȻ㻹̣챾Ӿͷ㵽ף˵ٴͳһۼҪ׳
һӰһǰȻʮӣæڵӣ֮ĳģŹλɣ˵ţתͷһСλ㻹ǸϿ߰ɣܼҵӣıֶζȥˣӮ˵ġһʱƽ˾һգ㻹߰ɣ
һһ㶣һҲó̵ˣһֺøʱⳡϷûȫοߡ
ӼʮӵһǰȻڶԷΣɵ裬Ҫ˵ˣɱˣȴǲҡ
ƽ£޹أҶ㿪ɱԽͷ֮ޡ
⻰ƽµʮüͷһӣɱ˵ף빫עˣǻԴУܼҴԺԴдɣɱ˷ŻֻҪɾУҪ֪Ϊƹе֮һܼɱˣȥѵĲ̤Уû䣬ɵ𣿡
⻰ӳһû뵽ƽʱΨΨŵŵƽ¾Ȼ˵ĻһгҲ飬ֻѰʱδֶûйҪɱʱȻȴùȻˡ
ͷʱһӣֹ˵ĻҲҵΪƹеļ壬ԵУλȻð˹ȴҲǳн粻ùأͿСŮӺֹӵϷŹλΣ
˵ĲǽС˭ˣ˪ϼ㲨ֻ˼Ŀһֹһۡ
⻰ʱ̨£С˵ͷȻǽС㿪ˣұŹӱˡ˵ŶһһˣϿлС֮
һҲɫֻǵĿǽСһۣ˹лˡ
ֱ񣡡һתͷԽСĳɢ¥һȺ磬С͹⡣
Сü΢ҡҡͷܹˣչ¥еȴСŮЩˣ֪Σ
⻰û¶һ㲻΢΢һЦҲãȻС˱ЩϢɣϾһ͹ǡ
С˵ͷѾ̴ȥˡܹ俴˶һۣһҲȥˡ
ȥƽһ̾лͻǺգǽС˵ɾ鷳ˣ
һüͷһ壬ܣ֣ⲻǻԴеôС㣬ӣ֣ѵ


ڶ߶ 
⻰ƽ¿ЦҡҡͷԭҲ֪⻪ԴңǽңܼҺּңǰλǽҵĶŮС㣬ҲܼҵӣңȻҲ֣ˣҲˡֻǻδ
һԷ֮Ҳ׷ʣ˹ֵľ𡣡
ԭľȻǽֳһҲ˵ãнҲ֮أյӣ»Щ鷳֪ǰԴֻ·أǳ㣿
Դȴ˵˼ɣҲУǰһȻǳġ
ƽüͷ΢ȻˣӣպǴڻԴᱻ鷳֪ʲô㣿
һҡҡͷЦֹҲҪȻ̤нһѾˡкδ㣬ҵıֻ뿿һȡޣȡʯСû뵽ǵһ˵ǲأ
ƽ³Ƭ̣ǾʲôڵľҲػҹˣͬһѱˡڽ֮ȴҶľѲִ԰ˡܹȷʵһѶԸǵѲӣ뿪Դвõѡ񡣲һᣬõڻԴҵһݲ£ܹӣֻ£֪ԸⲻԸ⣿
һüͷһɷ죬ΣֻҪܹУһгͷ֮աֵʲôӱ˵ɡ
ƽµ˵ͷͳһݸһȻԸ⣬Ǿһ壬ʱּȥȻ˽ʱ벻ɾͿֵѵֶˡԵѽյı֣Ӧ㹻ʤˡ
һ⻰ҲЩĽյУ˵ʲôȴƽ¼ľѽȥҸջϢһܹӾ鷳ҲôֻҪɹ㲻ܹˡҵˣ֮»׼һ
һ˵ͷ˾ͶлֵˣʱһṼһġ
˱ãٻᣡ˵ţƽ¹˹ֱȥˡ
ƽȥһп˿ֻûһĺ󷨣ֻһ˿εһ˿ƷȴǱҪǿһ֣ɼֲӵеġ
ңܼңּң˼һ壬һ㣬ȥ
ҹһһջס¡Ȼƽ˵ȷʵûôææıһسӣһҹҲƽƽҲһһҹȻ̨ڻ޸ɷҲƿǲͻƾ磬ҲֻȻ˵ôȴҲһֻۣʤˡ
ڶգ򵥵ѯʣһҵּҵڡСĿͨһټһԺ䲼󷨣еɼˡ
ǰһյԼһ㳯ּҴȥȴǻȵǺˣк飬Ҵּң
һæЦǸԼλѷС
壬üһ˿ڵƺǼйǵƣôϣ
һӿڵйӴûһ׼үŵôܽͳȥĪǼٵİɣ
һ˵Щֱ棬ȴһӰ˳һݵߣж֮Ϊ㣬ȻΪġ
ԭܼˣ֪ʲô¾·ԸһˣαԳأһæǰЦ
ܼҲ˿ſڵһüͷһǽŽɣ
ܼƺȨƣаͣ٣æͷݻһһ롱С
һߵǰܼһƵ۽һŵʮӽİɣ
һæֵ
ܼһ˵ͷҲ˵ʲôתȥɬƮһе߰ɣҪ
Ŷ˳ȥǰסһŻعʵôܼ˵ʮӣּʮô
Գüŵʮӣԭһλѹǲ֪ˡ
һλţ˵˭
һСӼҲҪʣ˼ҵ飬֪˶㲻á
ð֪Ҳңһȥɩӣȥ򻨡
⻰æסȵҪǸҸ״Ҹÿ
Һÿ͸ÿҵҪ˭ÿ
Ϸʵɫ̾˿ðɣðɣˣ˭ŷһΣаѱСӴˣʮӣҲǵһʱ


ڶ Ϊ
һͨȻܽĻܼȴǸоһԼȻǿȴޣΪأ
ܼӦΪˡΪʿ㹻齨һСɼ壬ڴɼ֮ҲǸֵĴڣǰЩӣܼҲǹܼô򵥡ӦּвСȨƣʮӣƽˡжȻЩۣȴּҵ飬ҵûʲôϵġ
һһߴĦţһ߸ܼҳȥ˰αһ䳡ĵطѰ䳡ͬǣĴ˽ƷڸϴµӲõı̨Щƣˮ׼ȴǲһ㡣
ˣ͵ɣʮ¼ĵһˣϷҲΪ㣬ֻҪܷӳ㹻µıݣǾͨˡܼޱ˵
һ˵ͷƾܼҷԸ
ܼҾֱ䳡֮Уһһ¡һǽεض𣬳һǰ
ǽ֮һԾ
ǽֻ֮ǵͽ׷ˣֻʩչһֻҪܹӳѰһˮ׼Ӧڰ֮ںưɣܼĶһ䡣
һ˵ͷͬ䳡֮У˹ֱһὣǰ֣һ㣬һֱӳǽ˹ȥǽ֮ȻʩչȻкܴȴô򵥵ܹƵġһȥ˽һ⣬ȴûһ㷴Ӧ
ܼ˫ɿնĮȻֻ΢΢ҡͷƺһв⡣
һ״ŭһһȵһ˿ϡ֮͸볤֮Сɫ֮иһ˿ˮڡ
һܼҼһһֶ
һŻӽȻĹעǱͷĽиǿʮ֣ȫһ֮£ȥһһˮòֶʩչһ죬ǽ߽⣬ɫɢȥ
һصĺһƺЩĵӡ
ܼѵõ˵ͷڵʵȴǲˣѹʮѡ㡣ͨ˿ˣڿʼʮӵˣнٺװΪʮӰ°ɣ
ӹܼ׸ĴһҲһ˿ЦͳһһгЬѥȣÿһǷʮöʯνнٺˡ
һһϲлܼң
ܼҵ˵ҲҪлңʮѡ㣬ȥлˣ߰ɣҴȥʮ㰲סġ˵ţͷҲصĳԶȥ
һҲϰܼҵĹ죬ͷٺһЦû뵽ôױּˣȻʲôЩɣһĻָĵطҲǲˡ
һǰһ󣬴ǽԺһĽվȻһССıԺ⴦ԺطȻһȻ࣬ȴԿóû޼ݡľ֮иһ˿˥ܺû䡣
ƽ֮ͤпʲô˽ԺУЦӭԭܼҺľˣľͨ˰ɣ
ܼҿݰܵ΢΢һʮӣӽĵһˡ
ƽ΢΢һЦܼˣ
ܼҡҡͷū֮£ʮû飬ū͸ˡ
ƽæЦãûˣܼ¾ȥˡ
ܼҲ˵ʲôٴ΢΢һȥˡ
ܼȥһ΢΢һЦֵѣԭּʮӣ
ƽ¿Ц˵ЦˣʮӲǹһŰˣθҡ
һ״һ㶣ҡͷˣˣʮӻԵģֵݲ㹻裬Ǿ㹻ˣֻʲôݻֵѣֹʾ£
ƽҡҡͷľѻɻҵѱˣʮһҪʲôڵѣݵҲּҵˣҵԼܻ֣պڻԴҲͲܼ̫ˡѾԺ֮ҸطסԼ±ˣʲôģҲǿԵģ˵Ҹ񣬵ʱ򻹿Խｻ߳гһֵļ۸չġ
Ŷԭˣû뵽ôô˾ҪЩֵˡľĳֵ˶ݣǵʲôҪæģܿڱˣľĳȻ߾ȫǡ
Ҫġƽһ룬Ƭ̲ŵ˵ʱǷֽèͽèıʯΡ
èèʯҲʮϡѾҵĺϢˡһٺһЦ


ڶ ûϢ
˳ּңΪƽµһҲǴ˴еĿģҵһ԰Ļָĵطƽ¹ȻҲ˵һ㣬ǲһʲô飬ͬһ㣬żĵãʱȴǸԵ顣
һ۱ȥ£ЩӵĽһƽµҲ˽⡣ּҵ̫Ϊ˷ŮʮˣŮˣʮˣƽʮʶʮӡ
ƽֵܽȴǲ̫ͬǵһҹһ糾Ůµӡ˵ߣ˵ǱٹڣڣҲܹ©丵Ρƽµĸȴǲ֪ѧ̫һ澫
֮£ĸƾӹ󣬷ּҡ˭룬Ϊƽ£ĸȴľδѼҲˣƽȻǼӣȴ൱Ρʱ㱻⣬üּңǳʮӡ²ʣ˶ʮּ֪࣬ȻҲӣųôһʮӵƽ¡
һֵĲЩ̸֮У˽⵽ƽƺϲãһöơȻһһΣôһոڵ˾ȻַܹһһҲò̾츳ˡ
ཻν֮ˮ໥֮䲢ûֻһΪݣʱȻÿζܹжջ񣬵ƽǡèʯȴǴ˲٣ʮֻϲһʼèʯôƽÿÿֻ΢΢һЦһ䡰ܡˡ
һգһּҿⷿ޲֮صԺ֮Сֻƽϲɫӭ
һ΢΢һЦֵһϲɫƺʲô¡
ƽµ˵ͷ⻹ҪľһľèʯҲûʲôˡ
èʯ֮ǰ㣬㶼ϴȴ˵Ƕһʲô£˵
ƽ΢΢һЦѿ֪ʮźͶ֣
һʵһ㶣ɻ⵹û֪Щʲôڣѵĺйô
ƽЦˣ̣ͬʱҲɣһ˴֮еɡȻʵ㲻ǿĴڣȴǽ֮£Ĵڡ
һһȻڣ·ɲʮ˽⣬ɱһ˸ħУаĴڣҲͼһ֡ʮţͶҲͷֻǵǺεȴڣʲôʵȴ֪û뵽մƽ¿ȴõϢ
һԾƽ΢΢һЦľѲ֪Ҳʵȴǲͬûй̶פأڵ˵¼Ҳɲһڲ¼Ҫ󲢲ΪּҲҪı׼ͨƷľѱ޵ȵȣֻҪһ֮пС
Ȼڲ¼ֵ֪أһɻ
ƽЦľ֪ˣּʮּ̣ҲʮΧϣʶּӵܱŽʮӵʸ񡣡
һԵ˵ͷԭˣ뵽Լ֮еõĵͼҵıûϸܣ˿ǾûбҪڶ֪£ˣɼʮɵɵˡ
ȻЩһҲͷˣΪʵǽӴЩ߲ڵʱ
˵ЩѵǻĻʮˣһɵ
ƽҡҡͷ⵹ûУʮǴŴɣƼҲһܹС˼Ҳҳ΢õèʯƵķΪ⣬ԸҽʮֻּӵܱͲ٣ֵܽãҲֶΣҪɹһϺ÷ܹС
һƽµļ򣬵Ҳﲻ̫֪࣬㻹Ҫʲô޲ϣҪұȡˣ
ƽ΢Цҡͷ⵹ǲҪˣԴұ濴У֮ҲԸṩϣʱͿҷӱˡ
ԭˣǵǱȥļһЩ
ڴʱӰ˽ΪһĸߣΪݣֻüĿ֮һ˿˿˾Щ
ԭǶˣСʧԶӭλֳ£ƽæǰһҲŹ
ʮܲضû뵽ڶֵ֮УʮһģȻõͣΪΪȣΪָĿɲһϢֶӿԴЦ˵
ƽüͷ΢壬˵ЦˣСֹȵϸλ磬˵ٹгɣСܻûǰȥأף·೤֪ʲôϢ
ƽһһ硱Ƕüͷ΢壬ƺЩͣǰǵЦ¶ɨ˴룬˰ֵƽ˵ɣ
ƽ˹ٺЦʮܰ⻹治һϢͨ˴˴һصҪȴмӵԼ׼ϡùֻԼͬȥɼǸӵһ


ڶ 
⻰ƽ۽һ˿ϲɫȥȴûʲôʧֻ̬һȻĿŶˡ
ԭˣȻҲͼʵûʲôĵˡǶлλֳǰţˣٵͷС˵ûæҵ׼һ
⻰һȻɫֶһͷȥƽǳ鶯оЩεĵһ䡰
֪λֳк£»ذɣС̫ªȴд˶λֳأƽҲԸ˶˵Ȼ
⻰ƽüͷһ壬˵ʲôȴֶסֶ¶һ΢Цݵʮأ֪һαԣֵܽöóʮֶϾ뱾֮ݾʹĲһˣʮܹ뱾ڣ¸Ҳúĸǽǰһ뼮˰ɣ
ĸ֮ƽͷ֮ʹ̹˵ãȥ˴һˡһƽǿͷŭ⣬˵лˣλֳذɣˡСܲԶˡ˵ű㳯Լȥ
ƽһͬȥһֶӻȻˣλʮյɣȴǲЩèʯŪİɣʮĲԼ뿪еĹ涨ҲŪôèʯأ
ƽͣ½ŲҲתͷ֮м籡ŭ⣬˵ʲô
ֶӺٺЦûʲôֻ뵽ʮôһϺõΪΪеˣûдͷõôǷ㣬ǲ֪ҡˣʲ֣
һ΢΢һЦ˹ֵľӡ
ľ𣬲֣˵ǵŽּҵİɣȻּˣ֪ɷҪһӣ˼нٺ⣬ɶٺÿ¶жʮʯأľѿȤô
ôԵǽǣƽҲЩŭˣתͷһɫֶӣ磬ʲô˼
ֶӺٺһЦں̯̯֣ûʲôֻߴˮʹҸľѶһѡˡôʮʲôô
ƽһһתͷȥһľѣȻ緢ˣҲؼɻңԸ߾ˣҾ
һƽ£΢΢ڲţԼ֮ʱľԼȻҾ˥䣬ůļңĸԡƽȻŻ㲻ƽﲢû˼棬һ棬ȴǵйһ㣬ûһ顣
ͷ΢΢һ̾һ΢΢ҡͷʮӷģҽּң˻£ľĳмģЩӬͷСľĳ̰ͼ塣˵תͷԶӹ˹ֵӺ⣬ˡ
ЦһĴ𸴲⣬ЦʮܹȻǺ۹⣬ʶ飬ܹôõΪĽȻˣΪֵҲ˵ʲôֻϣʮ֮дŹʣҪʲôźأ
⡱ֱ˵øأƺָ֮һ㣬ƽ¿һֿĿ⣬ͷǼ緢ŭָһЦݣ˱лˣСһֳһ󷨹ʵġ
һ˵ļϣ˵Ƕɫ΢㣬˵ͷһáȻԺӳȥ
Ժӣƽæ磬ѵôСٴλۣ¾Ҫ뱾ڣ˵ּһ
ɫ䣬һһֶѣͷһʱͿôҪʤȴô򵥵ģ˴α仯ЩֵƶģĿľΪΪСӡҪҲвϣΪߣֻǸˡǸҲڵСӣȻܼ˵ЩĵӣƽΪ̫ڰǵ׵Ĵڣ˵ʲôʱһˣ˵ǲǣ
⻰ƽᣬͷǣ˵ű㳯Զȥ
ȴ˵Ժ֮Уƽ̾һһľѣʵŶߵġ
ΪΣ
ЩֳһĺǰȻеǼʣ˴ı仯ҲɵģĿӦˡңѹ㣬¾ͻ᲻ֶˡֻû뵽ȻӦ£ܳأ
ƽ˵ʮƽһȴܸе֮ǰЩ΢仯ƺЩֵܽãΪĸ׶ʧˡ
һŵЦЦֵѷģ°ˣ
ƺһ򵥵һ仰͸ģƽصص˵ͷԳЦһһ֮󣬸Ի˷
һϷŵ˲䣬һûУƺЩⰡ


ڶ Ԫ
⻰һ϶ʱԳϲɫæڵСף㣬ǽԪˣΪԪչʱСס
СԶһ٣ŵöԪƺЩ⣬ȻߵľԪħһ㲻٣Ҫɲ̶̼ʱܹģطд󲿷Ԫӡڣ
һԻȻԭˣ˵ǳ˰ɣ
أǰɣ˵һ׹һзɳ䵽ϻСףǰֻɫ֮ǰ࣬ϢҲǿ˲٣Ȼǵǳˡ
ҳȡԪ֮ʣģһ˿Ԫ˵㲻ܽԪˣһ˿Ԫˣһµڶ󾳽ԪҲвСĺôǻиԼɡ˵ű㽫СֻСָͷСԪ˹
һֽ̧˹Ȼо΢ԪֻӰûʲô仯
ãʱ̨޸ɣǼȥҪһʱ䣬ϣԪӤ˵ܹҾϲأ˵ҪСһˣ
һС׵ûİۣ΢㣬֮һ㽫ס֮ʵԶСǾԴ򲻿ġ
ƺЩѰĹģС׺ʵ
һû뵽С׾ȻĴ£ЦҪ˵Եɣȴƽ°һ˽ҲжȻҪرһġ
Сԣһ˫ǲŵĶһ
һɬһЦðɣ˵ʵˡദļ¿ԼľЩơƺһҪ˼֣ڷ֮еõеĻᣬôˣȻС㡣ƽȻ츳ȴ˾йһ㡣ҲɵҪһ
⻰СײջĿü΢ƺʲô
Сף
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ȥˣ˳Ļʮ֮Ӧܹתǲ˳Ļһʱ֮ǰҡ
С׵˵ͷӦˣһһĳƵڴϣԪϡ˫Ŀ΢أһһ֮£һüֱԪϡۡһԪˮһ㣬˳ŽֱüȥˡС׿һĻɣƺһ
ȴ˵һ̨֮Уʱ̨Ȼûȫ޸ȴǰ࣬⣬һӷҲָ֮ʱԵðˡ
һҲˡһָǱҶòϳֳ֮һΪ̵ط֮Сطһ֮ĽӦɹ棬ͨ쳹أҫ˰̨
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طƺҵһ˳ȥƬ֮󣬹һöɫӳ̨ϷһöԪ
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ǰЩɷǵӰһȻЩ΢Ծȴ뵽ԪôҲȻˡⵤҩΪ˺˶Ƶģӡ֮Ȼһ˿ӡǣȴûаǡ֮ǿȴûĴڣȻɰڲˡ
Ȼǰ˴󷽣СҲͲˣǰתһˡҶҶȻ
ոıҶ͵һһķⲻͬǶȻ֮⣬ЩħãֱӽʿӰ֡һ±ֱӳ뱴Ҷ֮УӰеľһƣɷǻ֮Ӱҡһ䣬ͷܽ䣬ɮۣڵأֻͬеЩͬƺӸ¡
Ӱоģһɱ֮ʮֱ֮Ͷ̨֮УЩҰƺ˲յգ֮һ֡
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˳һȻϲȴԼЩԾʲôԾȴ˵ǰʣԪһ̧һץһŰâɳģӰЩµֱĶ
еĸ򣬶ôĶϾȻܽ洢ֶΡԪôˣԪԪİ̫ϵϹŵжأ
һ̾ţֳǰâ̽˹ȥ


ڶ ̫ƪ
һִâĵһоǺڰûǺڰһƬޱ޼ʵĺڰƺеĹâһ㡣ڳھ״̬һڰ֮иоޱߵš
⵽ʲôоƺǲ֮µһֻϣôСôСô΢ѵǸôԪӤڵĸô
һɵ૵ţȴٴ̽ȥռϷ磬ò׵ԪŲԸˡΪȴ֪ôһеĹʵǻɣеĻ䶼ܹɹʵѤõĲһܹõĹʵ۵Ļȴܽ˶Ĺӡ
ҲˣȻűҶš䡷󼰵ܹ֮޷֮·ͽȴҲԸ·Ͼ֪޷Ƿһ·ͨһ·Ǻõġ
Ԫ˵ĶС׶˵ˣùˣӦʲôġԪӤ˵ĸҲûо˵þģޱߵĺڰ֮УĮ֮ƺʲô棬ǲԸ⣬˵ʹˡ
һ⣬ٴν˹ȥڶδоȴȫͬоûһ˿ڰûһ˿һĴڣƺĳ֮£еܣе뷨еһжһ⡣
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һ૵³ĸһ˿˵ϢɢһԵϢСײһƺʲôΪֲĶ
̨֮Уʱһû壬ͱһâͬˣ˵ãޱȵϢ籡
Ϊۻʥ˲Ϊϡ̫飬飬ͬҲϵԣϵΣΪˮͬĪ
һƪƾĵƪ´֮£쳹̨ǰΪ֮΢΢ָ̨ʱʱҪһ㡣һʱȫĽǰâ֮УƺһƬ£ܹ
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ֲǲȴһһ㣬ΨҶƣһֱ㽫𶯲ݵ̨ѹס⣬ʵ̨ӷģʱλ̨˲ָԭ״
ǰһİâƺеʲôףһ̾һ˳һ㻯׹⽥ɢֻһλˮһĶûһεüġ
ʱĸͬȪһһ˯Ժ֮У֪˶ãתѡʱǰâǲֶʧƺһжûзһ㡣Ψǰ¼տǵԪ֤һУֻǲҲܸһǰһеء
΢΢Ժ֮ƺණ·ĸо࣬ģȴûʲôоͷ˿̨Ȼ޸߳ɣһЩˣæץǲЩԪԪ˳̨
ۿȥֻСԭأɫЩƣƺһֻ˶̶̵һ̶
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Ϊۻʥ˲Ϊϡ̫飬飬ͬҲϵԣϵΣΪˮͬĪ
ߺһ죬ƺĺģ֮Ȼǻ֮ôһƪ¶϶г
̫飬飬ͬҲһ㶵һ䣬С׵⵽ʲôôͻȻԺ֮У
Сҡҡͷֻ֪̫顯֣⻹Ǵġ֮󲻾ñôһ䣬Ȼδ߻вѡϵ׷ʲôѵԪ⣿
һԿЦ֪ԼϣԼ̨֮Ϊ˵һἰǡ̫ƪ¡ʱ֪ΪΣſȴǰֶֻԡ̫顱ִơ
Сף˵⡮̫顯ƪ»᲻ǡ̫ϵʲôϵ


ڶ߰ ֶ
СԣüᣬƬ̲ŵ̫ϵȻûбߣȴҡϹΪص֮һõĴ֪֮ҲԪһЩ˽֪ˣģ̫ϵĵǺˣɽںδεȹȴһŲôһƪ£˵Ȼἰˡ̫ϡֿ֡򵥣һĴмȴǸܡѰ֮ǼõġôһƪǴԪ֮¶Ų⴫ƣӦǡ̫ϵйؾˡ˵һ㣬һƪ̫ϵĴҲδΪ֪
Сһ˵ȻƲĶ࣬ȴоݣһҲͷ˼һתǡ̫顯Ĭһ顣ֵǣ΢΢еͷ⣬ȴûһã̸ʲôѪˡ
̤нҲЩͷһ顣⾫֮ǲһʧ˸Ʋ֮ʶ˲Ⲣзţڵʲôʲôãȴǲ֪ˡ
ˣҲûа취ֻԪҵĳԪӤ֮⣬ôһƪˡȻ֪Ǻǻ֮֮ʱףӦʱδɣʱˣȻˡ
С׼һһձµȻһƪʲô£һüͷչ˵ôһȻ¶ͷȴǳһһƺʲô˵ĸı䣬ģģȴǿš
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С׺Ȼعȥ
һһЦԿ⣡
ȴ˵һŶСԺ֮Сֻƽ´֮ͤУϰŪʲôתͷһһ˫۾ʱֱˡѾӵ˹ץһһľѣû°ɣ
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չأƽһ㶣ƺ뵽ʲôһһֵѣ㣿
һһЦʲôʣֻҪҪʲôϣȥΪŪˡ
⻰ţƽϵɻ󵴿ȥһ˿εЦ¶ȴûڻش
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ƽҡҡͷ̾һСЩֵܡһƻһεδ֣һΪ˰û¡Ҳ˺ܶ࣬һִ̫ˣΪľΪҲɼ϶⵽ʲô⣬һѰģ
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һͷһƽĨȥһ˿ᣬȫǼᶨ֮⣬¶һοЦݣ岻ݴǣ
һʱһȻ뿪ּҴԺһʱ䣬ּЩСõϢ
һľʢûʵĴԺ֮УּҶмƵĹӣС衣
һ깫ӿڵ磬˵ʮԺǸȥˡ
Ƕһڲ˵ͷʮһϢҲͦͨҲյõϢ˶ûһΪ˻ˣû뵽ʱͻȻˡ
һӺٺһЦ磬ʮһܣǺαں֡ϴãһȥķ飬պ÷⡣һΣﻹôأ˵ڿһء
⻰ǶӺʮһӽԵ˵ͷһԾûзСڿڵλֳ˵СȴǲͬȻʮ㲻ãվҵѪףα̫ءϴһСҲˣȻǷҲƷĴڣַоѵá
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뵽Цһʮ˵ͻȻЩҪȥǣԺ֮Уǲǲˡ˵ţææȥˡ
ŶȥӰʮСȴ΢üͷӶȴҲ⣬յʮСǰѯԼĵʧʮСڵһöֱеá


ڶ߾ ܼҳ
ȴ˵һһ·ּңͿͨЩŵ۵סνո˵˿¡ϾּǿĴҲǽʿҲ˵С׻֣ȫҲмɻѵġҶԸôһССʿҲûбҪýڵĸ֡
ϣһһ㣬йһųȥ
ȻϣվſڣһǸǹһЦݣ˫һУЦΪ黹ֹôһЩϰҲһˣ˵գһһݣ뿪Уֱӳ޾ۼطɱȥ
ȴ˵һһ·޾ۼɽ֮СȴûһϢĶֱӴУÿãһƬּյͣվԭأһȻĿ
ǻôѵҪǳһ˵
һ紵ȸԵüžһû˳֡
ƲԳԷƣҪҷЩֽˣ˵ţһϷһ󣬱ʮöָͷСˮǰָһԳ˷ȥײϱһˮըϽһ̳ͬʱӰܵϷϸȥȴɷһ
ٹʿǿˣ֪һλӣǶӣܼҵӣ
˼һһĵȻƺǷͷ߷ߵͬʱҲ΢΢ЩԾϾϵˣȻΪߣȴ֪¡˽Ц֮Ϊߴǰһָֽһȵ֪ҰСӣںʲôС㣬үǿһٽүһǲҵֵܽʬΡ
һԵ˵ͷôǽ߿
ӺٺһЦСǿˣٽүãͷˡ
һŶһ˶һۣǹǹЦû뵽Ľ߾ȻϲڵʿһΪֱӴ׷ѵãѵð
⻰˶ʱˣһ˺ʵô֪׷
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￴һ˵Ȼǲ˵ԸߣҲֻðǵߴˣ
һڣһƽһзɳһϸž죬һһƳĵ⡣֮Ǽ֮ˮ罦֮Ȼٴλظ˼ž
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ܼҿݵ϶ʱһ˿ɱ͸һС˵䣬һɫâɳֱӳһɱ˹


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ܼҺǿ
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һٺһЦ־ܣ
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һҡҡͷܼҺˣУǲܰãǲȥġοȥּҼǽ棬ɼ飬¿ǲɵġ
ܼҿݵüë΢Щϧ̾һˣ͹ֲϷˣ
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Ϸ˲乹һɫ֣·һʯһηһĵãϽһ󣬺ȵ⣬˫ݣߣ
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ܼҼ״һʲô׵֮ٶȻ٣ѵ⽣뵽ܼɫ΢΢أǵ˫۶ʱ͸һ˿âӴ֮һͣץһö̻׶ħĺľһ
֮֮Чܼڸ֣ʵΪȵľҪǿ࣬ڵĸ֡һַʩչһġ⽣ϬޱȣҪƿȴҲ֮¡һɫӷɹһеһ˿ɷζһһ˹ȥ
һ죬ǺɫľƸû˿ɵ飬ͬʱһ̴з˳ȻһͷǵħźƣȻǽӽΪĶħ
ǼͷħҪԸңȴǲ
һʱͣͻƹڣת㳯ǼͷħնɱһغϣЩħ㱻һնΡħȶʣֻܷӡô֮кֻͣҪȴʮΪѡ
ӡħħӡ
һһַӡһģǼͷħǵͷȥһɽ˿ƣ˲㽫ħħСڴʱһʯʱϿһҲɢȥ
ܼҷǰɫһźƺǰ˵Ҫ׽һ˲һ㡣ܼҸɿݵһЦһ˹ֵԭڵĵѣϷʧˣ


ڶһ ȥ
һһ仯ŪЩͷԣȻֲЦˣȴҲһ֣ԶԶܼң֪Ҿڵӣ
ָָܼһлûħ裬ħӡڵרַѧġ
һԣŻȻΪԼϳԭħӡǵĻ񡣲ͬʱҲˣħӡȻ¶ڵӵݣȴʩչʱŻᱩ¶Ҳ˵ҪݣֻҪʩչһֶξͿˡԼ֮ԾϳȫԼͨ˽ڣעպѧֶζСʹá
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ܼҵ˵ͷһ׸һѴʮҲּ֪ҹʮ˰ɣһʮھڷһϢѿ֪ˡ
һŽɵĵ㿪ǵַһƬѶϢȻʮѶھڸפѶϢһ֮ɫ΢䣬ѶϢ׻ܼҵ֪¹жˣ
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⻰ƽ³һ̧ͷܼһۣЦݣͷɻ͸ˡ
ܼңڶʲô飿
ܼҺǺһЦڶҪϲʮˣԷ˴ɼṩϣλСƷʤ߿Ƽʮ󡣡
˵һǳԾĻǵڶ¾ȫǾϲˣƽ¸û¾ȻԷ˵ʲôȻǲԶ
ܼȥƽųѹһһȤĿԼЩȻľѼЦˡ
һǺһЦϲŭ֮飬ûʲôɼЦģȻĻԭﵹҪϲˡ
ƽµ˵ͷȻ¶Ҫμ뵽ôһ׮׮һ¾뵽λΪԼֳܷĻԭܼǺı飬ûһ͸Ź죬ȴʵʵֱָԼ˵Լߵˡ뵽ƽ͵̧ͷһľѣѵ
һһЦֵ˵˵ȻѴ˼ˣҲ£ȥ⼸лչˣڴףԸպ·೤ʹ˸ˣ
һ׹εضһʧԭأֻƽ㶵ĿԶȥ׹⡣
֮һƬɽ֮Уһ׹Ȼըһ
·ɽʯһɻ˵Ӧþˣôһ˶ûУѵʱͽô


ڶ˶ լԺ
һеСǰҲ˵أ
һҡҡͷӦòڴˣ˵ЩĵƺԱγħʮģɽô೤ϣ˵³ϣ³֮һΪԸߵĳҲ㹻һˡ
СƽϲȿڽǹɲԸԿһɱˣֻ˵һѪħħͷ˭ܹ뵽ǸħͷǴħ֮еѪӡ˵ϲΪֻͨĽʿһһӳӣʤɾ˵ˡ
һԣüͷԭܼǿȴʮɢġһѰһĴڣм򵥵Ľһʩչ⽣ϢҲΪʲôܼҺܿ϶һݵԵɡǶһ̾ھڣѪħħͷ׷ɱͬŶѪħֶεļ򵥽ܡһһ㷢νѪħħ֮һѪӡ
ѪһսһٴǴ֮ȴ褣Ҫڵӣ褼ǰѪħĵص㼯ᡣһȻ褣Լֱܼҷ֣ȴЩﻢ£òСűƲѣ̽˵طҹ̸ϵ˴˴
С˵֮£ԼҲǹʵԭ⣬ȴһɣʹȻԸѪټ棬ȴӲͷƤˡ
ڵľ֮У˾ͽ˺Ϲݵľ֮νӢĽһ˿η֮ġη֮ʹѪʱ˱ܱͬη֮ģҲͷһᡣһһҽͻԽԽ࣬ԶⲻᡣԸģʶ˴ҲǽڽѪӵƣ˳ƽ⿪Ľᡣ
һСҲûȤһȥһѰһɽͷȥһ콣Ϣаһæӭȥ
ǺˣΪȥ·ǳ콣վһ׳ʵӣֻǺԵЩޱ߷Ϊڣ·Ҫ֣òǱٹʿźһ䡣
һѯһһöƣæһڵһʦ֡
ʦ֣ڶӣ⻰һ㶣һͬƣŵ˵ͷɻһϤ֣űٹڣ죬һ֪ΧѪħʮΣգɲĵطϽȥɣ
һҲȥȴæʵʦ֣ΧѪħʲô̶ȣɼѪħˣҷֵһλʦ壿
Ѫħûƺвˣ˴룬ɱѪħϳˣӦþҪˣֵ֧ĵǳʦ壬ǡ˵ǶӺȻ֪Լôٹھĵ˵Щü˵ЩҲûã㻹ǸϽȥɣħͷ׺ݶ¾ʿҵҲΣգο㣬ǿ褰ɣʦַ褲Ϊżӣû뵽ıٹȵӶӵˡȥˣһʦ¹ʧġ
λʦᣬһæҡͷʦ֣ʦȷʵǿ褶ЩϵòʦִǰȥѰֵʦ֡
û뵽һ֣üȻ֣ұȥˣפʦȷʵûʲôģȥҲʶʶˣҪսǲеġ
һšһҲÿɷ񣬵һлȺ˽⳯һȥɽ֮в֪ԶһƬ֮ͻأһᡣֻⲼ˽ƣܿЩʲô
ˣ
ʦ֣Ǵ˴νħפôһһ·һһլԺɵóԾ
ʦֺٺһЦǱεפأʦûȱɣǿʦֵһɴСլԺǿķʺפˡ
һûмȷɵ棬һǰһԺУûκֻԼоһԼɨǷڱԼݣǽԼжΪˣ¾Ͳôùˡ
ԺУһҿ˿ѰլԺȴûʲôҪ˵ҲŨ˲˼˾ֶΣ˿ɼⲢһլԺһ֮
ʦ־Ȼȱһ֪ΪʵΣܲܶԸѪӣǲУҵýѪӵʵ˵˵ȫûҲпܡ˵ȴ˻ɣǸأ
һ˼ʱ򣬺һϤʦܣȻʦܣ겻ʦܿɻô
һ̧ͷȥӭĲФɽ˭ˡ


ڶ ſ
Фɽӭһ´һŵ˵ͷʦ㾹ȻѪħʦ˺һʦãŷˡֻʦ֮ʦҲ֪α𰡣
һԣ˼һת֪Եɣ͵ʦּˣʦһ·ЯСнաֻǵѪħͻȻС鼱ֻ֮˽֮ٳ²ߡȻʦֵԱȫСһҲ׷ѣ̸ʲô֮֮԰
һʦ֣ФɽҲһ˹ԻмˡöʱԵɡʦ˶ͷʦܣһ˵˶죬ԭФʦܹߵʦܣǴѶҲҲξ͸ˡѹʦǵˡѪħľФʦܶˡȻ˴ʦӣǲѪħܶ˽ħͷ㣬ҲùһЩҲΪλʦ֮±ˡ
ԾԵͷǣФɽҲΪȻֻһѪӵ΢΢Щģʮ㣬Ҳ˵ʵʱ򣬹ʶֻøһ
ФɽһദþˣȴǿЩʲô̸۰ˣŵλʦ֣ʦܳ;ҲЩƣˣҴʦȥϢλʦִʦܱһΣ
Ժ˽ԵͷƺáФɽһˣ㳯լԺȥ
·ϣһٺһЦϲФʦֹٽɵڰ
Фɽ΢΢һЦʦһϲû뵽Ӳһ˫۾һ˿ΣգʦֵܱΪɵЩôû뵽ȴǼɥõǣֲ֮ټЩôΪ֮ǰͻˣҿʵʵڵĶ
ȻФɽ˵ɣһȴ֪ǰ򵥵飬Ͳô˿һؿϡڴһҲ˵ʲôٴε˼ףأһ֮󣬶˱Фɽסڡ
ŽȥФɽһƴϡתͷһ΢ЦˣȻʦֵķ֮Уʦȴһһƣȫ֪̽ʦҲ֪ʦֵܿԳˣ
һԵ˵ͷʦֿɷ֪һѶλ£Ѫħ֮¿ɶʦһִٳɵģ
ФɽɫȻ˵ͷ˻ȴҪһ˵ˣʦǼұű£һ·֮²ŷѪħû׷Ϲ֮һȥʱȴرߣĴѰҲʦܡʱ޷ֻٵǱޣһҲǵȴʦܹʱ⣬֮еĵҩΪҲǽɹŷű˴¡һʱӦСԭѪħȻһֱ̾ھڣڵӶ֣ҲΪæûв֡˴ʦʧ٣ѪħŶ¼ƻҪħͷʦ㰲Ȼ˴οɾʦ㱨
⻰һ˵ͷȻ룬ԼϢԼǱѪħѪӵĴڶФɽͨġФɽѪӲǴһ棬㲻˽⣬¶Ѫӵʵ͹Ҳ
ҪФɽѪħѪӵʱ򣬱ФɽٺһЦʦѪħǷˡ
⻰һһ£׼˽һνʦ˵٣֪λʦк֮Ϊθλʦֶʮ㡣СȻһƳҲ֪ѪħȻǽһĸ֣˵ǽ𵤺ڣ۷壬Ϊвɳһλѵλʦֳʮɰô
Фɽɻѵһ·ʦֲûиἰôˣʦǸƢҲˣʦӦӢĽܵ˵ɣ
һһ㶣¶һȻı飬ѵʦ־ӢĽ֮һ˾ͽʦֲƵſʦ֣
ФɽٺһЦʦˣ˵˴αгϴӣǡʦֻطţ㽫½ӢĽΣΪֵǲ֪ʦֵֶΣ紫һ㣬ԪӤҲеһƴ
⻰һͷ԰ʶ˾ͽ˺ϹݵֶΣѪӶһӢĽһʵȻͬа̳ʦӦòѪʵѷҲ̫࣬˵ھڣԿȻԼһˡ
ͨһڣ׼֪Ѫ֮µ˼㵭ȥǿʵȻʦִӣ˴Ӧʮþˡ֪ʱ˺εջʦ˵ѽѪħѨˣôкζΪγٳٲǰȥѪħѨ


ڶ 
⻰Фɽ̾һҪ˵ħͷȴʵ˵ãȻڵؽ£˲аħγ֯һСɡ˴ʦִӣֱħͷܲ٣նɱ˲ħˡֻͷѪħƻ쳣֪ΪξȻûܲ෬ңŷôһѨħͷѨ֮ȴǲ󷨻أصһԹ󡣶ǡҵһȴҲûһ֮ͨľŹɽǬɽʦֵܣһбʧ򣬸̸ҵħͷڡȻҵʵʦڳҲֱܹǳѨ󡣵ʦȴħͷͬСɣΪ˽ƻΧ󷨵ʱħͷʹҵˡغڴˣǰȥѶϣУľŹɽǰЭ󡣡
һ˼һתѵſʦѾ֪ѪħѪӡ˵ãҲ˵¶Լ
ԭˣ֪ʱŻͨ󷨵ʦǰ֧Ԯʱ䳤仯˾Ͳˣ
ФɽҡҡͷˣѶҪһʱ⣬ѡǰ֧ԮԱ»ûЩʱգʦֵܣ͸˵ˡ
һԵ˵ͷȻҪ˻⿪Ľᣬһܱ¶Լ˴ֵʦҲϤֻǵȴˡ
֮˽һǽһƿȡԳϵĵҩˡһƿҩһʮöȻ֪ЧΣһǺöˡǰԼһȡöФɽʮһöʱС׻׹Фɽϵһö䵽Ͼ̳ˡ
СµҩФɽҲֻÿЦȻ֪СʵɹС׵ʱĵЩɵһߵĹϵһ㻹ҲûҪֻСˡ
֮󣬶˽ر֮еĶȡ˳һǽߡɡ裬Ǻˡ
һլԺ֮УȻſ֪ԭί֮˵͹һǷסФɽ֮صԼ䵽ס
ǵʲôҩȻС㶯ģǰСһڨЦ
СԣӻзɳǵҲشһĻֻǰϣһƬ̣һӰ֣ҡҷɢ㡣ӰɢȥСһ˫۳ѣ˿ƣɢȻ
С׳Ϧദһڼһ˫۵ʱ򣬶ʧһġ䡷ǡ̫顷ͬʱԺ֮תһ˿Ⱥһ˿ͬʱŴǼȻ״̬֮ת
⵽ô£ѵСʩչȻ֮ôһԾ
Сһ㲻ѯⵤҩʲôôôɵϹŵҩ˵Ǹ߼ϴ赤һٰꣻ˵ԶѪ˵ŴѪԪĹЧ
ѪԪǰȻ֮ǷԪЧˡȷʵѹ㾹ȻҪˡﻹö㻹Ҫٸһöˡ
СһᣬѪޱȣôһöɵ˵С洦ҲǱġɵֻзõһöã㣬ΪߣЧá
ŶΪߣЧãΪΣ
Ϊߣ˵ʲûдﵽõĸƣɵҩܹ޶ȵϴ跥ǡ㲻룬ôһöҩǽãǻЧô
С׵ĽͣһͷЦȷʵˣڿԷô
СƺΪʦһһҲûвͣɵ֮ԳΪɵҩºͣҩЧѭ򽥽Ϊ˷ˣҲԻͷҩЧԷʲôҪ𺦡
һ⣬һҲɣһöҩȥƤУȻһº͵ҩӸдת֫ٺѨλʮǧë׶չһ˿ƮƮɵĸоһΪãȫĳв԰Ρ
ͬʱһ΢ӰֳȻûСһȴҲΣһ΢Ӱɢȥתѹ
˫ǰһӣһ̾ףɵôȻܸеǷӣ֮еʣƺÿʱÿ̶ڼ٣ࡣ
һ֮һСһҲ֪СҩҲٴţȥţķֶãһ뵤һ̨ʼϰ˵Ķͬޡ
̨ʱԭ⻪ıҶһͶͷ֮Сǵ֮Ȼеһ˿ʮϤϢԾףʲô⣬ôҸеԶзĴڣѵб޷ߣ


ڶ ҹ
֮˵һӷ׾ԼԼãڲ¥ĵ伮;ȴû˵صѶϢһκȻеԶȻзڣ̾ѭһ˿޵ĺۼ̽˹ȥ
ƺǿϵļ٣ʮϤƺʲôߵķ⣬ǲķһ㡣ѵ
һȻһ£йҶһָϣһɹɽӿԺ֮УȻǷ˽СĵķʽֱӳǷ׷˹ȥԽԽһޱȣޱȵĺֱӴԺ֮С
⣬ħ令
һķɳһסͬʱҶϽʱһգŴ֮̽˳̨֮΢΢ЩʶȴԿһЩֻϹЦݣ΢е˫ȴûһԿԾƵʲôôһ㡣
йһĻָʶģãû뵽ȻҷܣξҪҲҪһأ
ڶգһФɽһǷլԺһǰһ󣬻˽⳯ɽȥˣֱڷء
صլԺ֮Уһʦ֡ʦ֪һҲǶ̬֮Ȼͬ˴ħͷȻʦֵŲҳһһλʦɵСЩ
֪ĺģȻеȴҲͷǡФɽǿʵտоͨĵǰô
ʦҡҡͷ˵ҲˣħͷŲϳθպûоŹɽʦֵǰʦֻǿ治֪Ҫȵʲôʱˡ
⻰һФɽһЦФɽٺһЦʦַģܿ죬ܿܶˣʱʦɵ׼ð˵꣬Ҳ˵Ȼ˸Ǳȥˣʦԭء
ȴ˵ҹһڷȴǲСסһһ͵ʦܳһ
һҲɣĽƣ֨һŴ򿪣һվǰӳΪʣϴź΢ЦԵʮºͣǫǫһ˿ζȴԵøΪء
ڶһʦ֡һæʩ
ӲˣǴ˴νѪħжĴͷˣҲ̳ӢĽ֮һſȷ绪Ӣӣʮ˾ͽˣԼһԪڱ˳Ϊӵһ˵ĪˣΪʦȻλӢĽ֮һȴû̫ġ
һʩſ΢΢һЦͬʱ˵ͷûԵ̫αҲû̫ԵֻǸ˰ˣΪˣˣƽº͡
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ʦֿˣʦǰΪ˳ħ֮£˵ǵ֮
ʦ˵ǣҲǴФʦܿе֪ʦҪ棬ʶҹ
Ȼˣʦֻǽ˵ɣȻ˵ضʦַСȴǽʦ֮飬ʦֲҪЦǡ
ſ΢΢һЦʦܿˣȻˣΪֹˡ˵űһ뷿С
ѰˣȴûϿڣǻΣſŵͷЦ˵ʦܵ޳ˡ⽣ȾΪϾٲ˵ƾʵħߣһȻӢ۳ꡣʦȿܣǺ˰
ſһʱһȻûзŹôһ˽⵱ӢܵĻᡣ֪Ϊ̫ԶǱԭ򣬶ӢĽ֮Ϊ͵ſֻӴϿȻʣҪȴǿ͸ˡſԼһ֪ǰҲûбҪʲôٿףֻ΢΢һЦʦˣСʵʦȾȴǸֵһᣬ򵱳ѪħҲĶӣɥˡ
һſҲ˵ͷʦȻֲ鼫ߣϾֻ̫ͣҪ֮Ժ㣬ҲвСɾ͵ġѪħħͷ൱ھŰ꣬ǽ𵤸Ҳݲ٣֪ʦѵģ
һͷһ£Ҳ˼ƽϣѯʡüͷһ״Ƭ̲ŵýʦ֪СͨһϹͨձŶѪħƺС©һ϶Ѱ˿ӣѡ
ſԵ˵һ䡰ԭˣٲڴ׷ʣȻһӵϹ֮ͨ²ϣʵʦܿɿѪħкô
һٽ֮ͨ±ܹɣſȻѯ֮£üͷչ΢΢һ룬ħͷƺѹʲôܷȫǷûʩչ


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⻰ſŶһǵ˵ͷͶԴ˽⣬ǰѯһҲȷһ°ˡ
һ״ͷңԼֻǺǣ̫֮£λͰʦ˵þͻչ¶һ
Ϣſ΢΢һЦ˵ʦܵ˵ȷʵħͷӦЩ鷳ܶȫҲܹФʦ˵ʦ㾫֮֮ͨҲã֪벻ǣ
һڨڨһЦФʦˣ֮£СȴЩĵá
ʦܺαعǫʦȻ겻У˴λȴҲʦܵǴѧˡ⽣ȴּһ־ֶΣǲһǬɽɽʦ磬ܹͷʦܻˡ
һԳһµȷʵ֪Щ鶼Ǳ֮£Ĳ࣬ԼܴſҲѵˡʹ˰н¼ͷմĦ
֪ʦܿɷҿһƵķ
һ֪ſҪԼˮ׼ҲƴǣִӴ֮гɽз׽ٽ
ſһУɽУָһԽͷ̾Ȼýɽһ̺׵֮Ƿ֮еļƷǬɽһҲûܹȳ̶ˡ˵ţͻ
һջطɽʦֹˣⷨٺҲֻǷվȲͨ飬̸Ϸ£ЩʦһܹϼѷԲСܹġ
ſԵ˵ͷ֪ɷʦ̽һ֮
һԣ׹ؼʱˣ΢΢һЦԸҴǡ
ſ΢΢һЦһãһƾϸȥһ㾹ȻһϸСޱȵķģȣǱȻˮԵķġ
Ϊ־һʦӡ֤һɣ
һ䣬˿˿ƵˮϢӷ֮ɢȻһСС󷨣νġ졯󷨡
һʹФɽ֪ſ֮Уִŵɽһӡɽһר󷨡ֻͬΪͳΪɣΪΪΪƫСɽһй¼е䷶
һ¼Ǻų֮Ϊͳ֮޳ɾҵĲšλɾҵʦλ˷Ϊŵóɵˡ
Ϊɽһĵӣ̳֮һдһ˱ſĪĹȻһǡɷȴҲȻΪΪ󷨣ȵɼ˵ǲ¥֮де㱻ſ˰ʮһʽȻ־ôһ󷨣ɼλɽ©ˮʦֵڡ
һȻͷ裬ȴ¶㣬Ĺ˹֣һ롰족֮Уһưߺľǰһû˿ţȻͨ󷨲࣬ҲҼĴڡεεĲ󷨣ʹ⼸󷨴ﵽ˳󼰵˽
֮޲벻Уϲзɽ׵ȵ£ɼİĶǶôҪһ˽󷨲࣬͸˱ʣվʵĻϡǶѰҶŵó׷Ѱ۷Ĵ𰸣ȴײ֮еõ
⡰족˵һۿȥЩ⣬ϸ̽ȴǽҳһšͷ⡮졯ֺ룬ȴЩ𡮻ҪʤһŹɽרʦӦȥҲ֪ʦֹˮˮ׼ȷʵߡˣҲǺε˼Ҿ˾ǣֻһ֣̫ۡ
˼˴һ¶һ̧࣬һǣãǡ족⻪һƺҪȥȴǿļ
ſ״Ǻ΢Цƺڹһһ㡣
ˣ
һֳһλȥһչȥһһССıɫ¶֣ڻȥһŵɢǰǱҡҡ׹ġ족̱ѩڡ
һȫ¶ſֵʦָ
ſ˵ͷЦʦ֮Ȼ裬ŵˮ׼Ϊֲָ㡣Ȼˣ֮¾Ϳʦֶˡ
һһϲֵ


ڶ 
ڶ磬լԺ֮еӶ˴Ѷ½ɳլԺСſ͵棬վŵһ
˵룬ſڵλʦܣνѪħѱϹ룬Ѫħͬ¾ȻħͷƻܲҵȽħ֮ʦұȴгԮҹζ࣬ҵʦͨԸΪ󣬹ʶټλʦһ֣ͬȫڴһۣ֪λʦܿ飿
⻰ڵ֮Уһ˽⣬ΪſڣҲŷ顣ô״ſһá˳ɽѰȥ
˲ԶһϿȣľȸϾһƬؽ磬Ѫ֮ڶǡħ߹⣬ȥ֮·ǻѪħѪӶܵĳѨڡ
ſɵһԣڵʦܣͿֶˣһһԲӦʦܷʩΪǡ
ֵһлһ䵽ϣĴ̽һٲɣ̧žͿУһѪڣ㲻Ӱ
˼ˣϸƺһΪ⡣ʮϢ֮Ѫһ󶯵һֳͨһ֮ͨ߳˵ǰ·λʦǰȥ
һ仯ȷһȻһ֡ſ΢΢һЦһһһһͨúѪһ䶯ͨȥǰҸͨһȴûҪߵ˼
ʦֻС̽ǰ·Ѱţ
ſͷʦܷıǡ
һҲ˵һ㣬ûǰѪɵıȥߺȣƾ֣̽һץһͼһɢѪС
һԻ֮Ƕ󷨵ӣȻ¶ͨȴΪ;пٵ·Էֱ棬ٵ·Ҳ״©ֶǴɷ֮УҲ԰ա
һ˵ţ˫һѪóһҽдѪд̶ճޱȵѪͻһɢȥһ󺮷紵ǰɵĵ·ٴɼһһֹȻЧ
Ȼͨ󷨣ȴҲЩʶһֶΣԽһŵͬȲΣĵط˵˴һҪԾҪԶǡ
㣬תͣͣһһűһҳƻԼĪʱʱ䣬ȴֻ߳ءٶж࣬Ҳ֮ѰͬҲȴߴ١
еһѪŨޱȡ˵ʱĸоڼѪɫŨһһճȥҲûǰ٣һѪֻǻȥٶȴǱȹٲ졣
üӲı棬ֶǲˡ
һٺһЦ׽ٽУһĨһ貵ֱǰѪһžһѪӳǰ
⽣ֶ˰ɣһһ֣Щ֪һĶӶ˫ƵĶס
ʦܣҪҳôſһ׵֮ˣ֪һ·ϸҪϾ١
ʱʦֳ֣λʦдֶεĿǰСһ֮ǰ̫ܣǵú俪Կǰ·
ʦܣ㣡
йĶԸǰ˵ЩȻУϾʿһһ֪ǿ˶٣յЧȻ׽ٽ˷ֺ
㣬Ѫ汻տһӣһֹסˣһ׹Уһը֮˴˳Ƭ̣Ѫͬˮһȥǿ֡
˼˳ָһ˲٣Ȼǰ谭ԽԽǿǰٶȷǿһ֡һѪڵһǹһصЦݣ˫΢УѪħѪӣͷϾҪˣεҪһ᲻ҧһ⡣
׽ƿ
ǰһ汻տһһɣ׹ȥ֮ʱһѪѾ׵ջ١ǰͬǣ˴Ѫʧ֮ٲѪڹɵͨһڵʯ߳ǰ
߳ˣʦֱǸһļ֮һѪɢһˬ죬һЦ㳯ȥ
λʦܣħͷƻСġ
ſ䣬ʦֵȼ˵ĺѾʲôˡӦòѪӣͻҽˡ
λʦܣǰɱħͷſɲŲæ˵һ𽣹⣬ȥ
ȥʯ֮УſʦֵĲʲôߣһצѪܵ塣


ڶ˰ ſ
￴һУϤˣǵѪʩչֶΣһͷͷѪ֮ܵνѪ飬ҲѪӳȡʿĻ鱦ſѪĿܡ
λʦСĶԸЩѪѪħóֶΣһֶΣҪˣſ״˵ȴûһҪֵ˼ԶƺʲôҪرע
˼״ҲûһԹֵ֪Ϊֵ̳ĿֻѪħǸħͷڶԸЩѪܶ˵Ҳĥֻ˷׷׻˽⳯ЩѪ˹ȥһҲһ׹ЩѪ顣
һʱ֮䣬⣬⣬⣬ֶַν֯һƬѤĹ⾰ȻͬڵӣžԸԼһӡǰûгֵЩӣʩչֶǲһϵĻ
ģ˿ʼƴնɱѪٶĲʩչֶεļˣʩչͷβʩչûùһĵӡ˵Ƕһӣ޵ĴڡȻǵΪҲڣ̸УһǰнƣޱȵĽݵĽ⣬ȴ֮Уɱǿ
ɽ֮ʩչȴĵӣеǷֱר̫ɽͳɵɽӡһ򲢲ʤֻһ䣬նɱѪ飬˳ĥԼһֶΡ
һͷѪձըһͷѪ̽˫צһ¶һ΢Цնһ⣬ǰԳһָͷѪ鱻ն÷˲˵ͻأĵڵءһƺԤϣĨһ⻯ֱնѪ飬һͷ­ը飬һ̲ѪʱԼһش̾ȻѪ֮Уһʩչ˵ش
һͷѪ飬һҲնɱ˽ʮͷѪˡ˵һʩչ˶ֶΣ˵ЩѪ̫ǿĲнӽʵҲֻʮͷҴ붼ЩڵʦְԲѪҲֻбٹʵĲڵˮ׼ܱˡ
⵽ô£Ѫֶθòֹڴˣѵ׼˺֣֪ſʦֵĴڣȫԸǡ
ЩѪ鱻ɱ֮ʱһХĶдʮͷ׺Ѫ˳žͳ
ɱ
޵Ӷ죬ӭȥƾһֽ˫Ѫ鶷ҲʾһڶѡѪͶ
ЩѪʵʵʵڵڣܹУǰЩѶԸ˼֡ЩӶڵӣһѲнյݡʵԷЩɢ޻ССܹ⡣
ȴƾŽɱ
߳죬ɱ
ޱľƣ

һֶʩչȻǰ˻֣ʱͬһεѪʩչ˰ΣһĲҽдɽһĽްͷѪ鱻ʳʮ飬׷䵽ϡĵӣնɱѪ顣㹦ǳʮͷѪٴαɱ
ǱٹڣڣѵнڵѪôӦò̫ˣѪʵܹ߳նɱʿɿܿɲǰ򵥣տҲʮͷˡФɽֽɱһͷѪ֮һټڶ֣ſһվһԳȥ
ãããҽɱҵѪ飬ǶҪҪһЪ˹Ｘ䴦Ȼһ亰У˶еһ⡣
ѪѣҪװŪˣʱѾɽˮˣѵҪĳǰôſ˵ʮֵƶʤȯһ㡣
ףȻ㣬һΪڻһϹû뵽ˣѹ⼸Щ⣬ԭδˣʧԶӭʧʧ
Ϊ죬ǴǼſһ΢Цҵ֮ԼһĴڲܳ֡ɣȻԼȡʶֻǰѪвףҲΪ㣬ֻҪһڣѹ֮꣬Σ
⻰һЦſû뵽Ѿŷ緶Ҫĳѹôסб£ԼҪɱҪоͿֶΣҪСıɱˣʱ֮λɾ֮
ſֻҪѹЩӱЩ֣վſҲΥѪħ˲һŭڣҪɱȥ
λʦ԰꣬ҳְɣ˵ţһ覵Ʊȡ˳


ڶ˾ ͨ
ͨһöƣжӾȴǲ⣬æѯʡһһҲһˣ֪ʲôͨ
ӢĽܻӣܹ֮Ϊ̳ȺڣΪʵԶͬ٭⣬ŸǿֶΡ
ѩ罣˾ͽ˵ն鱦ķɽϬޱȣƥУƷ˿籣ѪӵľſѪ飬Ҳ鱦йãͬСɣΨħڵɱӣϹݣȻû鱦ȴħ֮ҲɵĴɱ¾ɱɱ֮ͬƥΪһλ̳ſȻҲųֶΡǱģһͨ鱦
֪֮£ȴΪͬʱɽһӡ֪ƻͨ鱦书ãȵȴǲ֪ˡ
Ȼû֪ЩɨˣûһԸŹʶֳеĻᡣһ˫˫۾ĶſԼϵöͨ
ſշֽǡͨ߿գһдʣ˫ĿһţȵͨԻͨ
һǡͨʱһûſšʱ䣬ſ˫ۿأһ˫Ŀֱܳɽ֮һը֮Ƭֹ̲ɰշʱſȴǰ˲ͬҪ˵ʲôͬȴ˭Ҳ˵
ʯ֮ٴαһЦøͨȻ˵ãѹ˾ͽѹϹǸҲɱ㣬ΪܶԸҲ̫СѪӵˣ
ʲôѪӣ
ѪħôôѪӣ

⻰ڵ֮кһ֪ѪħѪӣȻ˿ԾԹۣ֪ұѪӵĿġЩ⼿ϲֶΣرʯҲˡ
ѪԭȴĳʧˣԼˣǲòˡѪӵֶжţջĳ̰ɣλʦСģΪɣ
ſ˵õ֪ѪħѪ֮£һ˵ˣȻûзĶһսʤʲôģ˶ȴ˲ġ
ͬĻڲͬ˵ĶȴǲͬѪﴫһЦһǲͬ˻ڶУȻͬıĸоͷһ£ɻףֶƺǿ֮ͨѪҲʩչͨǶһһаһһħ۹ֶΣͬҲͬԴֻ󶼴ﵽͬĽν֮ͨͬˣ
һͻȻЩͨ죬ڼʼĶԼҲΪ
˵Ŀ֮УѵſڶˡȲҲƾ鲽ǰȥһȥʮɣϰԶһ㲻ſӰֻһ׹붴
沽˼״׷׾̾
ڴͬʱһޱȵĺдӶдǰɳѪ֮ʱһ޶ɼѪҲʽˡ֮಻ĺѪӵĿЦſȣʱɼ˶
ԼĪһʱ䣬ſȵߣͬʱһѪȷɳŵʽſ
λʦСģſԸһǰһϣһĹ⽣У뽣ϣʱһɳĽ糯ǵѪ׷ȥ
ö׷ȥҲæȥһͲӰֻһһѪɫâڿвϵĽ
ѪĳҲԸʤ֮䣬ٰȥһˣϴҲͷ
ټʼ壬ҵ߾УʲôϺ⣬ʲô£ǹƨͨɱһڣļģΪħģҾ죬ҾħҪ׽ңƾ°ɣ˵ϻĺãѪ죬
Ѫ֮кԳѪӰһĶͷǾſѪɳ˲󣬾ŸѪ֮ѪѪӻ㼯ɺɺһɾĳſѹ˹
ſѪ飬ŴϹ鱦ȻǿޱȣѪ㻹޷ʩչȫܣַɢܳȻִԲǾɣ
ſ˵ɵȻ˵ȴͻȻһǿ͸ƺһСӣ˵Ҫһ㣬ܴһ㡣
ƣһߺȻС׵ľԪӤȻԪӤǰǵȻǺ¶¶ͨȻܹ˵ΪʱԪӤڣ鱦鱦


ڶ ɷ
⻰һҲһǰΪθеſʩչ֮ͨвһĸоˡϿǲȻƵſͷԴĦ˵鱦ֻǽʵƥԪӤڵˮ׼ͨȻֱӣһ㽫ΪԪӤڡ
ȻûԪӤĵвܽԪӤʵȫʩչȴŴɵ̳ӣûмСſͳɵɽһΪΪϵ֮ͬΪԽǿʵԽǿһʩչֶѰԪӤҲñס
Сǿһ㣬ǿñֱ̬ͨΪһ㣡
һͷݣ΢΢˵ͷϿҲ¶һ˿ϣϾ鱦Ⱥö˭ҪӵС˶ڿϿյĶû˿Ϸʹû¶
ȴ˵УſͷųԪӤڵϢʵ˫һţһһ˫֮ɳƮƮ㳯ѪӭȥǰӯӯһգѪȴ߲ƶ̫ԶӴ˲䣬СС徹Ȼ츹ضѪ΢΢ס
¼Ⱦ
ſдʣ䳤۵շ裬̧һָǰһ׹ӰֱͶѪģһ˿ǺͮͮѪȻ԰׹֮Ļˮ˷չȥ
һĻɫʮѿŭһ˫Ŀ͸ѪͷſѪ֮СȵʩѪ飬ɱ¾
ſѪ΢΢һŸѪ֮кʮ÷Ĺ㣬ֱ£ӭ㻯һϸӰһ˫צ¶ȮݣĿѪѪ˳ƣϢȻһнڵˮ׼
ЩڵѪȶųڿУ˫ͨĿҪһ㡣һ⼸ʮͷѪ͵Ĳһ£Ȼޱȵľ¡
ٺһЦңңָſɱľѪǣ
Ѫ⻰תͷſʱ˫ͨ췢һű㳯ſɱ˹ȥ
󣬿ֶΣô𵤵Ѷɱ¾Ѫ١˵Ҫʮѹˡ
ſһƽǲЩѪ鿴һǰǱ⽣һȻʩչ𽣷һһʽˮ˷һʱ֮佫ʮͷѪħ۴Уһ۾ȴٲǰ
޺޵Ŀſ֪˲ǰ취˫Ѫ飬͵һģȵѪ飬Ѫ񱩣
ЩѪô˻Ѫ˫¶һ˿־壬˲㱻ǿǾǷ񣬱ŰֻܽΪɱ¾Ŀ񱩡ĿѪ飬ʱǷŴ죬˫צ˫ᣬſ˹ſʵЩѪ飬һʱ֮䶼ԳЩ΢æҡ
״ЦûſͷȴЩˡõһȺڵӣ˼һתָȥһͷǶɱˣ
˻һУһͷѪħת㳯ȥ˱ǿ뵽Ϊħ̳֮һѪӾȻֶΡҲڵӣŲң̰ںƣǷųɽǷųѪӭͷȥ
ѪƵĿܣȻ־壬ȴʵʵɵڣħħڵʵ˫צһӱ㽫ֶξۼһ̾Ҫɱǰ
λʦܣ˺󣬴á
ڴ˻˶еͬʱǰӰһΣſӰȻͳǰһ㽫Ѫɵϡ
æ˺ɣ̧ͷʱȴһǰʮͷѪòɿſʱȻЩѪѹƣ͸ϢʩչĽȻǰͬûаºͣȻǰޱߵİ
һ⽣ͷ΢΢һͷ⵽ʲôôҸеʮϤƺʶȴûһӡˣ
һ벻ͨȴ˲֪һһɽӣ㿪ʵλʦ֣֪ʦʩչĵʲôƺûмʩչѵɽһҲϬĽô
ǵӼһɫȴ΢΢ͣЦʦ֪ˣɽһ˱ȻжԵ֮ȴҲݲԵϰֶΡ䲻ɽʦֵܱɽʦһ׽ȻɽϴУϸ˵ɽмԵְˡ
ɽУмԵ֣
ǵӵ˵ͷʦҲ֪׽ҵ˴أ
һԳһһתȻѵǲһ
ʦܲ¶ˣһ׽ҵɽ֮вǻɷ


ڶһ ѹ
һɻɷ
ɽûһ㲻ͣ˾Цνʮɷʮһһˣǡ൱ҽ֮ȷʵ̲ɷ֮ʮ֮д֮磬ͻ䣬ѹһСɷʮȴ̺ɷ֮ɱڣɱ˫һСֻǿϧǣ⡶ɷǲܴһ֮вǱ㲻ܵ洫ʩչҲɷһƣֻһ㽣ˡֽϣд˽ıλʦ֣˾ͽʦִ˾ʮŽſʦִ˰ʮһʷˡˣ˵ʦҲһ֪ǵɷأ
һһ㶣˵УҲĦһֵǣ˵˴УȻҲҪȴķ̫๦ʩչɷһ㣬ǻͻ䣬ɱڡһʽȻҲʩչȴвײĸоϡƽͨ⽣֮ûпǹҲΪʲôԷԼУȴǿеķϡһнɷ֣֮пԡ
ʱø߿дſһ˽һ߿ܣа׷֣ͻͣɷģ¾ɱɷʮʽؿɷ£ؽܣۣӢ棬ͣġؽݡ
õɷʮǾÿһǣǹ⽣ϱһɫ˿ߣ͸ŴɷɱڵϢſϳɷɱʱһſΪĵ
ɷۣƣ
һһʮʽȻͬʱʩչһɽӰ˷ЩѪȻηʮʽɷȴ˿еĲķݣҲãֻļһнʽ¾ǵѪ⣬ոǱ͹Ӳд
ǷŻѯһĵӾɷʮʽۣԭſʦ־Ȼ˵ɷʮʽֶΣ̫ˣ½һ;ϣ˾ͽʦʤһˡ
һüͷ΢֮ǰҲʶ˾ͽ˺ϹݵıȶʱȻޱȵǿˣȴǱȲýſ֣ɵΪλʦΪͬɽһʶ˾ͽ˸Ӹ߿һۡ
С˾ͽʦҲһ֮Եֻûʦʩչ׽ǲ֪˾ͽʦֻɷЩУʦһ㽫ɷһȫ
ԭʦ˾ͽʦּʦǺˡ˾ͽʦôſʦֲͬʮʽȫǵɷ˵˾ͽʦһʮʩչħס֮ǰʦҵ֮ʱҲȷʵ̾ڽأ
һͷһȻſԳڣûмˡͷһת뵱ն˶ԻǶ˶һ֮ˡǰſƺֶΣ֮ǰӢĽӣνħ̳˸
һ⣬ɽӺܿͱſʩչĵɷʮʽסˣҲһһԷѯԼҲֵУ̧ͬͷר־ĿʮʽʩչȻԼ⽣˲ֱ֮֮ͬͬԲԼֶΣҲһ¡
ȴ˵ſһֵɷʮʩչĺĽΪͨߵԪӤڵΪӳͲЩʵѪܹƥС
һҽдһ಻һͷѪ鱻նλѪɢ̶̶ʮϢǺѹѹΧſʮͷʵѪͱնһнʽնһͷѪ飬Ѫ鶼ɢ
˻ӹ⽣ڵɷȥſٴλظǰѵЦѪӿɻֶΣûУĳҪ빫ӻȥˡ
һȻ֪ԼΪѹѪǼʱܹʩչֻ߳ʵҲ̳ͬڵſĶ֡²֪ſȻҲ֪ҲῪھҪ
Ϊħ̳Ը⣬ģҲ־ܡħ޾ħޣȹͷѪԺ׺ıԣһ˿Ѱ𵤼ھֵƴ뷨ӿͷ
øĽ֮һֶιȻ˵ãҪҵҪҪץң͵ø׼ֶαӱʩչƵ·Ҳòˣſ㿴ˣʶʶѪſѪ飬»ȪѪѪѪ
һʱ֮䣬һɹɱ֮ǰѪɫҪǿʮѪӾſѪѪ֮дܳȻʱѹѪĶȫѪˣѪҪſͬ·ڵӶɡ
ſüͷ΢壬ûԷ˱뺷Ȼʱѹʲôڵһɫأʱ׼ʩչֶΡڳΨһ˲ͬɣǼ˾һ
һ˫һУǹһصǳЦͷЦѣõúܣʱ򣡡


ڶŶ 綾
һʱ򣬲ſڵӣһȫע׼Сһȴǡǡѡʱ䣬̨֮С
̨һҲǷڲϢҫķķ⣬ȻйǱҶٺһЦñҪΪұѩˣ
˵ͷɿ䣬һķ׷׷ɳͬʱ̨·ʲôһ㣬ֱӳһ˹
⣬ӳֱҶ
ǴӱҶ֮мȡ֮⾹ȻһԵͶ뱴Ҷ֮СҶ֮ЩӰĴ߶һ˻һƪƪ֪ľġһʱ֮䣬֮⽻֯һƬǱҶŴʮٱϵӰȻŴһС
һһ۳ǱҶϿȥ飬֪Ӱвģħǲ֪ж١ʱǶϴȥ˷оģṩǿ֮ʱһʲôֻ˵ˡ
ȻҪƮĸȴǲ֪ҪѶʱĦһҪҪɣһҲֻýһ˿ĵףʼʩչԼ߻Ѿõֶ
ѪӣҪϳһ֪㲢ǲ죬ֻԴϰˣ
һ˫ǰһӡ˲ӫӫ⡣һ˫ֽ͵İڱҶġǽΪģһɫɢȥͬҶƬĽһ㡣
Ҷ⣬ħ
˻һ⼴һƬ͵һȻѳҶɼʵʵһšһŽⲢûͣƬ̣һ±ʧ̨֮У֪ηȥˡ
ǽʧһʶ嶼ЩϵЦȴǸӲˡһӡҶָԭСͷ֮ʼĴͷ⡣
һУһ˳̨ǰһΪ˵ΪʵҲ֮ɡ˫۽ϷѪûע⵽һʲô仯
ϷҪˣһͷϲ
ѪѹſǰϾҪʩչػʱ򣬺һҽдѪ֮ϴ˲䣬ѪͬѩһɢȥгſǱ֮жѪɼش
ͻأı仯˶һ췴Ӧıſֻ첽һǰֱ̧㳯ץ˹ȥ
ν֮ȻشϾʹ˽͵һţһѪſֱȥ
һѪּֿлľѪΣȴƾſҲòܿȥ
˿գ˵æɶݿȥһѪ⻯棬ҪĹ赲ſһ㡣
һв֣ſҲ٣º͵ЦѪѹĶͬСɣȻˣӻαȥһˣҲҪǡ
Աɷ׵ɫѿſ˵һ㶼ʱſѹʹһֻҪɹȥ뵽һֱƽȵĶȻѡѡȻʱQǱƽǿʮٱࡣƽµ޷ȫ֣ʱ򣬾͸һ˵Ľ
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ſ״üͷ΢壬ȻˣʩչʵɶĶ֡
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Сסӣ룡
ſѪǰ֮Уǰ಻𼸶䣬ΧİƱΧ
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С׵һУ綾


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⵽ʲôôô
ʦַųķҪʧЧˣλʦ׼֡
ƺǶĶ
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һС׵Ļһ߿һߴСףʲôôнⷨô
Ҳ֪ʲô˶ޱȣѰܹųЩʦֵܣһ֪ߵغ񣬲ʦԪӤʵųķʴôҪ֣һҪڴ˶֮¡
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С˵ʮ䵭һ⣬˶ĿǷΧ֮ڡ
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һһ㶣¶һЦȹĽţܿ侲һ˿ǻ۵Ļ˷˿ⶾ֪Ʈ֮ݲ潹ơ
Фʦ֣Ǳʩչһ
ФɽȻ֪һΣȴҲɣһӡ𣬱öһƬѶ
һǶѵĵ棬ɫһϲФɽФʦ֣˴Ҫˣ
Фɽ㶣ѺۣȻʲôصص˵ͷʦ֮ԡ
һҡͷҲФʦڵĺá
Фɽʱ⣬Ҳƴǣ˵λʦ֣ⶾ൱˵ãʦʩչķʴǵֶҲԵֵʦһӦÿԽѴ˶򣬻λʦá
˶ɵӣȻⶾǱƵ޷Ը飬ФɽԣҲۣʦ˵ܳɣʦ˵ˡ
Фɽ˵ͷһʦܣ˵ɣ
һ֪ФɽԼһĻᣬ˵ͷλʦ֣СФʦͨһϹŶܹ֮ڵ¶ߡζŹ۲죬ⶾƺܽ£ʶСһ뷨Фʦֽλʦִ¶ߣѰðȫطٳ˷ѡ
⻰ǡϹŶ˳һһ̫ɽӿڵʦֶܵǰҵʦֵܶʶˣֻ̫ŶʧѾáʦεҵǲܣʦʩչһ£֪ʦΣ
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̫ɽһзȻһ̫֡ɽ֤ʮʮĳȻû顣
һФɽ˴Ӧˣӽһ񣬶˷վߣ֮Ŀھͬʱ𷨾һţһƹâӶ𣬽˰ڴʱҡҡ׹Ĺ飬һФɽͬء
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һ䣬˻һֱ£ʧһ״Ƕ֮дǷŶ֮ҲԾ˵ʧ
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ſڵǺˣΪң
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ƾ̫ˣƵ˵


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ĨȥǵѪһЦˮתû뵽ջׯӣƾһſ£Ҳɱ׽ѹ꣬š
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ʱ˿̣һս֮ƼһֻƾȻһǷչ˵Ҫ־ͶְɣҲǵ˴Ѷ֮ͬϾһΰˡһΣôΪƴҳһξǾ֮ͬˣˣξΰɣ˵ţȻйһƬɫ̻һɽҪȥ
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һİֻڶͷףҪ˵˭ֻܹ˽һФɽԼĽ֮һſˡ
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ФɽԿЦ˿֮Ҫʦܷ
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Фɽ΢΢һЦҲҹ£ָǰϤɽµϴµˣʦֵϴµӿ²ˣ׼һɡ
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գ䵽ϴϣͬʱȥȴǸĽ⡣


ڶ 
ϴһׯµĴֻǴϲҶʶ˳ơ˴ȴǴΪģֻΪ⡮ڶϴµӳͷ֮գҲǽ뱾Ŀˡ
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࣬Ϲ٣ֳҲͻˣ
Ф˵ǣ㲻ĵĳħߣûһ㽫˦ں棬ǲ˼ལٺһЦҲڸͣԭЩ˶ǵϴ¼ǰĴڣ˰ĳһͻƿҲڡ
ФɽٺһЦƣԹҰ
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һҡͷЦ˵ʲôʱȴһ֮У½⣬Գӣֻһƺ¶гԹһ㡣׺ŵɫƣ̫ɽһĽ𵤵ӡ
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Ƶʦʲôʦܿɽ˰һһ΢ϤȻӵ⴫һֱӳʦɱ˹ȥ


ڶŰ 
һҲû뵽ԷȻ£ƺ˹أֻҪﵽĿıɡǰҪЩһӣ״ȴǶ˵һ䶼ҡͷһ̵ǿΪôһ
ϤһһԾȴ׽˵֡
ƵǣǻƵǣǵ竹ӣݺĸףΪﵽ𵤺ڣ۷̫ɽһӻƵǡôˣݺΪФʦǱãû÷粨Ϊʲôƫƫ񣬾ʱȴҵ鷳ѵ֪ɱӵôԣӦòܣ֪ңһʱˣλȵڳ»ˡ
һͷ˼ɣ飬ѪӶƹƵǵʱȴѰٹӻеĽš֪ƵηǾԲڴ˶֣ǵӪԼʱܹҲǾ䡣
ȻһͻأƵҪһߵļƻҡŭһһ󣬱һƾǽ˹ȥ
þûԹ̫ɽʦֵܶˣʦֲ̫ɽĸ֣ȻϬȴǷһ鶯ҳ۰ɣ
˵ŸһЦ⵱һȻŻ˹⺮֮ǻôըƤצ䣬ȷʵǳˡǷɽʹ˽Уȴֱֱվڻһ죬ûնΣʧԭء
Ƶһŭȵ˭ҹ
Ҳջؽ⣬¸һЦʦֺôƢץɽһĵӣѵռô˵ţǽٴλ˴䵽ϻ
һ̧ͷȥ˾ȻˣǵڵԬ˭ˣԬַɹһ⣬䵽һ׳ǵսǬɽһ״
Ƶ˫͸ź⣬ȵǾҹҵ£֪˭ô
ԬɺٺһЦʦִҵȻֻ֪Ǵû˵ʦ۸Сʦܵͷ⵹Сܳ˼ʶ
㣬Ƶһ˵žҪ֣ȴ˿ڵλʦ֣Ҫ֣ȥǣڴ˼䶯ֱŹ棬ǰһСܿԵûǼˣݹŶˡ
תͷȥԭǲû¼κˣһֱۿһԵɽһӡɽһΪһӵгȻλȻһ𵤳ڵ˵˵ķȴ˶õ
Ԭæͷλʦ˵öԣ˴Ǵдĵطֻǻʦ־ȻԵ޹ʳҪɽӣ֪ʺԵʣ˵ȥǰ飬ҵȿԵûǡ
⻰Ƶһ˿ɱ֣Ҳ֪ǲ˵һȻ²ýַſһŽŭƽϢָһҶ֮йأǰΪ˽ȥʣɱ֮𲻹죬ɱ¾ͬŸǴŹ棬Ӧõġ
⻰˶üԬɸüͷһ˵ɱӣк֤ݣ
ƵЦһ֤ȻǶڼϽ񣬱Ȼȥ֮󲻾Ƕӱ˼⻹˵ô
ʵڴ֮У߻ӣӴʲôСⲻ˳ͬеǱҪɱˣʹɱˣֻҪ֤ݣҲл˵㲻ôŹ档ֻƵǿڿ˵֤ݣ˭ΪһѲáһʱ֮䣬ƵһߣҪٴֽһץסߡ
ʱһæڵ
ʲô˵ǷծǮɱ˳쾭壬ΪǶӳɣ˵žҪץȥ
⣬׽һУƣСһץһͷҲлͷҲ֪ʱԼʲôˣʱһӺݾϳȡʩչһǳɣʱһֵĵֱӳƵǺ˹ȥ
Сҳ
ƵҲУֻǼһԪվץȥֻǵӵɲǣɫ΢΢һ䣬͵Ľ˻ֻ죬ľȻǵպˡ
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ƵСһһСʱŭڣҪʩչʱԬȴһǰһ⣬ֱָƵǣȵʦ֣ʦܻл˵ô֣ѵ׼ɱڲɣ
ʲô㻹ҪάѵŹôƵһ
ԬҡͷЦŹҪصģŹȴǻʦ㶩ģʦлҪ˵β˵ڶᣬʦй˵ꣿ


ڶž ׼
Ƶɫһ֤ȷ䣬λݵƱ硣˵Ž𵤺ڵѹ͸㳯Ԭɺһѹ˹
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һͺӻƵȴԬͬ״̧һ˸߶¯ЦףҪܣҲһûжˣҲûˣ
Ԭɷǵû˵ϻͷʲô֣һȥ
״ٺһЦָԬɵЦʦܿû˵һҪɽ˵һǬɽǾܵʦˣʦֵξͲʦܳͷ
ԬȴЩܻԷ˵Ҳûʲô˵ͷֻصĺһ̧һУ÷ɽУӫӫ⣬Ȼʱ׼֡
ôԶһĳɲǣ
ԬɺٺЦԶһΣܱȲʦý𵤺ڴ۸һٹڵСʦ
ƵһҪ֣ȴһɽһĵӿڵλʦҪˣǾˡСˣ˵ţץƣҪʲô
һ㶣ԬæɽһЦʦܺαضŭǲǿЦˡʦý𵤺ڵĸ֣ҪϵˣλųλӲҪǼƽЩأ
ƵһҲ˵ָֻһֻҪСӽҷ䣬±ˡ
ԬòƵȴɼ֣ɽһͷҲЩ߷ߡǰƵǲڳҪˣҲ˵ˣԼɽһݷҲˡУƵǾΪˣᣬԼ˿һۣ˵ʦֻ԰ʦȻΪǳ˴νȴ֣ʦָɽһһݱĺã
ţƵ˫һɡȻ֮⣬װ׵ɽһ֣βһֱľ档ڳΪߣ̫ɽһʦֵܼԼһһʦ֣ҵֺվȻ˶ײԼȴԽԽ̲סˡ
ó潩֣̫ɽһĵӰãæǰԲɽӵʦΪɥ֮ʹЩˣλʦֵܼ£ֲǡ˵Ƶʹһɫ
Ƶ̫ɽҲʶöԷɫȴҲ֪˼һͷŭһǵǰȻҪվֵףһʦʲô˵ǣɱ֮𣬸ΥŹ棬ȻӲһġ
Է˵ӲҲ˿ڣɽͷЦѣʲôΪֻҪûгΪϣɽһõͷ
Ȼֻͷ룬ɽӵĵ˵ͷɱ˳쾭壬ʦܻлҪ˵ȻҪһĻǡʦܣʦּȻ˵ɱӣ㻹кλ˵
ʻһͷ˾ϣֳ˵һлſڵʦ֣ʿɱɣ
Ƶһɱڵȥˣʵλϴ¼ŵӻϴ¼ϵӣжĶ֡ô»ڡֻǵǺ뿪ģԴٲӰɱĻ˭
һٺһЦȷʵҵҲؽ֤ݣΪɱӣҪɱңҲ޻˵Źȴʦ涨˵Ź棬ȷʵҪ֤ʦȻֻССıٹڣȴǵϵġ
ƵЦҪΣ
ҲΣֻﻹһҪһʻʦ֣˵Ƕ˶񣬺׷ҳ˼Уűɱġ֮һʱգСϴϣΪʦֲǰǵƳٵڣ
ƵǶʱһ㵣ǿѲˣܵȵա
һ״ҡҡͷɱ֮𣬾ȻѲ飬ĺ˵ҲǱٹʿɱýʿ֮ӣλڲ㲻ӡһҲᣬҲ͵ʦҵ죬ʦһҪĲ²һ£ʦֿҲ֪˭ɱɣֻɱй߰ɣ
ƵǱһʣʵһǰ֮Բһڣôһ©šʵ֪һԴ׼ΪФɽöԭ򣬵֮ǰʩӱϵ֪غȥѾ¶Ժˡ
ȻĴѰˣﻹҵȷʶ֮䷢ģҪпܵģǵӵ˶ɱˡˣפһȷѪ꣬˻ݺ˶ʹøַӰɱˡΨһôһûɵˣȴң⡣
ʱ꣬Ҳһôһˡɲɣħط̫ɽȴǰᵽһ֡ٴεͷķʲôֱɱ˹ϵһѰٹȵӣ𵤵ӳֱˣû̫ɣֻ׼ɱ˾ǣʱ˿̣ԼûվԷ˻ţ׽Ҫɱһйȴǲˡ
һƵܻøɣα⣬ҲŹɱ֮𣬽˱㣬ʱû˱㡣˵գҲٶ˵ȥ


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һȻ֪Ԭɺ⣬ȻǺóϵģֻÿЦҡͷʦ˵Цˣڽǣλᵽɱ˵ز
ԬԣЦЦĿһһۣһЦһļ϶ȻˣôˣʦܷģֻҪɽġ
⻰һԵ״æʦܼǬɽԺһֺ÷һӦ˭Ҳ㶯ġ
һöǰȰ뵽ǰȷʵְæʱҲòӣֻЦȴǲ˵һ
ý֮˻ȥֵɽҲǳһڶŵλʦ֣»ʦܾλʦֲ˻ͬҵһ¼Σ
⻰Ԭ״ӺȻһЦ˵ͷͬʱתͷȥһʹһɫųȥԭʮ𵤵վһֻǶ˲ΪݶԭӸߣҲȡλ
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״ʦܴ츳պ𵤣Ϻ÷ûָΪô˵ŸĿ˿Ԭɡ
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Ǭɽôˣڣָʦܡ
һʱ֮˾ȻԹۿ֣εվһԡ
˰ΣƺҲòˣͬʱתͷһʦܣȥһ
һֵԼ˵ЦС֪ܲεºܵ˶λʦֺ񰮣ֻһʹСĸΪѡ
⻰֪ȻͷԼһȻͬʦܵ˵޷
һ˵ͷתͷ״һСֻùʦֺˣ
״һ㶣ɫЩ죬һеˣˣԬһɽˣԱ˵һתͷȥ
ԬǵĴıˣٺһЦһ䡮ˡתͷһʦҵĸǣΪɽһ˵ʦҵһýпʦִȥ¥һ١
һô飬ףԭ˲Ϊ¼ԼжעҲϾԷжԼĲҲΣԼ飬ҲͲ׷ˡ
״תͷһʦܣȻûѡǬɽһʦһ츳ȴϺпնȻǬɽСһ֮ڽҲġ
״еĳϿңһֵлʦֺ񰮣Ȼǰʦ֡
״⻰Ҳ㣬Լһ㣬һӰֻһһþͻһöСơ
ʦܣöͨˣպǰ˾ǣΪ㡣
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˷ȥԻظҡݵ˵֮ǽ˵Ľ𵤵ӾȻ˳˴ֱӳɽȥ
ŽнΡ壬һͷ΢΢пȴǲ֪˵ʲôֻ̾߳һ


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ϼƽ⣬ɽȪԽ¶ɺΡ
˴ŷ֮Уһյɽ֮һɽأ˼ɾľɫӳʱһͷиУ̳ôһСʫ
û뵽ʦܻмֲأԬСʫٺһЦ
һ֪ԷȤҲǫѷǺˣʦЦˡ
ԬҡͷЦҲҲʦ֪ܿ˵֮еʫô
ʫɣһɵĸˣСܵǴû
ԬɺٺһЦʫɵһɵĸ֣ȴǱһɵĸ˶ҪһĴڣǴ˵֮ɼˡ
Ŷˣ֪ʦἰλкԵɣ
Ǻǣ˵λˣҲҵȽ޵ĽһǵǷ켫һʫһʫǾãҲǾãʫϣ˫ԶΪҲ֪ϸֻţɽ֮ʱһһʫڣսͣʫ
⣬ȻǲǱһʦҪ
һסڣԼɽһִ˼ɻ䡣ԬҡͷʦҲصģҵȽ߸вͬȷʵΨΪףǿ߾ܵõءʫ˵ȷʵǱҵһʦҪǿģǵʦ֮ʱҲ»̾硣
һɽһʦҲޣ̾ԭˣλʫǰһˡ
Ԭɵ˵ͷȴʲô̾˿ʵҲһλġϧ˰
һſͷֵڲϼŵһԬ˵˭ԪԸһ㾴⡣
Ԭ˵һн£ñ֮УΪɽǰɽɽƻһ죬֮ƣĪɵ
ʦܣ߰ɣǶӣûпٶʸֻɽѰһĵطס£Դ˵ǼᣬҲʦڽ֮ǰ֮ˡ
һ˵ͷԬɴȥϴѰƣõ˼ԬɴѰأɼֻأܶʼ
Ԭɿɲ֪һ뵽ʲôزɽ˿ٺһЦѡһһ½ȥֻ⴦լԺɽˮԺиЩ񣬻ڣȻֻϡϡһЩȴƲʱտ
Ԭָ˴˴ҿһЦʦ˼ԭ˿ԣңֻǲ֪ǸʲôȻҺң治֪Ļġ
Ԭɶԭ˲һǲͬǶҵĴΪ⡣ֻ⻰Ȼ˵ڣ˳ԬɵĻͷӦ˼䡣
ҿһȦžǴ˴УԬɽ¹һһԭɽĹȴǲ࣬ѰŹ⣬ǿΪһᴩʼաһȶӣÿʮձԪӤ˽һкڵ˸Ҳʹһѡһ㣬ŵҲҲĺôˡҲϴ¸˲֪٣ֻǲһϰˡ
˰ΣԬɺȻҪΪһǼᣬŲòȥ֮ʱԬɶһʦܺʦܵʣͻӦòģʱʦһʦܱȻһأ
һҲͷһ죬Сһ㣡
ԬԣһЦȥԬߺһԺյֻһһˣĴ߶עǽԺԼС
СףҲɣ
һС׼̷ɳ䵽һǰ
һԺҲ£ˣһ䷿ˣ˵ţֵһ䷿ǿڡһ֪С⣬ʲôģֻǽСױǣʶȻԡԼҲѡ˷Է֮أȴȥȥˡ
챾ԣɽǿһΪʽɽŵȴѷɫ١˼ʵʣɽ޻ǻľĽԵɼҸһ㡣߶ԣȻ洦ࡣһȻŹĻᡣǰƵǶ֣ȻһȴǺķ˲һ뷿б붨
תѾ֮󡣸о֮гĸг졣ǰȥѰСףȴǷһ֮ϣһָ㿪ԬɵԲ˵ǼɣֻǼһûдšǸһָսὲʱ䣬Ҫˡ
ǷڿĴȻʢʯ鵤ʲôĶ˵ˣֵǧʯ£ɽǸһһôһٹʿ˵ݻûбˡ
ȷʵǺöڵֶҲ֪ܲƳֵʱ˺󣬴˼仹вûˡ˵ţһ԰ĽɫС


 
һöɫȱС߾󲿷ԪֱһȡǵԪԪԵûҰ޹⣬ֻһ˿Ԫ𵱳һöǲ˲֪жԶ
ˣһ˿ԪԪȴҲ쳣ΪеԪӤһԪҪ֪ԪӤǺεȴڡ
߽ԪӤħ߽ĺڣһ֡СС֮пԳ֮ҲմȨȶ֮УҲΪϵĴڡ
ԪһͳƣԪѪѪСԭʼ£ÿһ˿ԪԼӡԸûⷽǲġ
н֮УʦͽУʦһ˿Ԫͽڣգȹ̸¡ȷʦͽ˹һУ򲻵ûһ洦ΪͽܱҲǲܵġ
ֶΣдħֶΡ̲˵˷Ѵ룬ֻܵõԪ֮еԪ̲֮صºܡ
ȻԪȴǲͬԪĵϹŵһ̫ϵ֮֮ܣǵҪΪԪ֮˷áеԪǣݼûһ˿ӡǡûһеҪƣ޶ȵıе¡
Ҳ˵ôһ˿ԪԪӤһµļĴ档һ֮ԿСգһΪԼܳһʱ֮ڶղӴԪҲǼ
û뵽С׾Ȼһ˿ԼȻΪԾҲʱ˿УҲԼľѪشѪ֮󣬵ĵõͬʱΪƿƺҲɶμͬʱٹڵ˷׷ɹԼԻƵʱĿ޵ļǿ
Ԫ֮ԪӤ˵ԪûһܹɹֱᵤһƬ̹;
һţһķɳƬ̣Сײ˽
Сףһ
С׻˵ʲôһϿŵԪҲ˹һ㣬վһԱǴˡ
һ΢΢һЦѾĽ۷״̬Ȼ̨ȻûȫָȴҲָ˰˳ҡ˴αϾ̷ߵԪ̨ϵ²δġ
һ֣Ԫһ߷Уʱ˫ǰһڳһĳƣʽһ˿Ԫ
壬աٹڵĿھת˿˿ƳԪʼ
ʼԪһһҲ֪ԼƷ̫ҲóĹٶȻȽûУеľʱģϵĲƣĥԪ
Ҳ֪˶ãСһӱĥ˳ͬʱһ˿ƷԶԪɢ֮Сʱˮͣһһ˿ԪķϢһ˿ԪûʶڣֻԶɢ´ʱһѾˡ
һһ߳ȡһ˿Ԫһ߰Ԫ֮еԪվҪ군ˡΪԪȱﻹһЩýС˴󲿷֣̰ĵȫȥôĶ֪
ʵ֪ǣϹʱڣԪƵʱͱһʽһöԪԱֳ˵ȴֱΣաȷȴϹʱԪΪ̸ʽ
Ԫ֮ɢԪһ˿˿һԺ֮СЩ򲢲ʲôĴڣǶڲͬĸܡһ˿ֻȡһȻԷΪ㡣һڣԪӤڡ
һ֪һ˿ʮѵãȻԸֳһ˼ԪȫͶ֮ȥˡ
ڣ壬֫ٺͨɡԭҲô򵥵ĶĻ˵ĲȱȫˣܹʹһֹٹڣʳѭϢǱٹڵıôһٹȣٹȣȻǱܳţʳ֮˲ܹͨǻۡԭˣҵȻѰٹڣⲻΪΪˣҲˣòպǶƻԺͻƾӰ졣ѭϢ֮ƽʱֲȻͻƾ硣ԭˣѹˣô˶ϣǱٹһûãܹɹ


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еĵһһҲƷЩʱղʽ̤ôһԼҲĵãһ˿ȣȴƺªޱȣûпɱԡ˵Ҳһ˿ԪӤ˶ڵãȻôһССıٹʿܹġ
һ⵱ЩһֹɼͬһڲͬΪʩչʵȴǴĲͬ
ڱٹڣһڵΪΡܹʩչ⽣ܹʩչͨȻв˵ͷȴԼڱٹ޵ˣΪ޹ﵽڡģܹڵĴڡ
һ˿ŷԼԣȷʵǱٹеĸ֡ȴ˲ٴ·ٹ֮ԳΪٹȱνٹʳ֮Ϊ׼һʱҪ˳ɡͬʣµøʮŬϣ
˳һ˿һͷ˼·֮һҪ֮ͬʱ֮̾·ʯͷӣָûָȴȻСôһߣȴΪԷ֮е·һܽȴָϸ֮ԼĦ
ɣ˵ܹһʦ㲻ܻһʦʱҲǱҪãȴǿҽڵʦָһȻײҪõĶأ
ٹڵЩ΢֪ݣ㣬Ҳڵĸ˳Ӷ˵ǰܹԼգȽ˳Ļṳ̂
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һǿÿ̾ˣˣ𵤣ԪӤԽԽԲҲִţ˳ȻֻҪоȻˮ֮ʱ
ֹ˲֪ʱžһ죬ԪѣտյûһԪڣȻһ˿Ԫһɹˡ
һһת˯һԣϡ˯ۿСף΢΢һЦСףлˣ
СʱǣһҲһֱӻһ׹ܳŻԼķȥˡ
һҲһĵԭͳޱȵֱӯݡƺһѹܹ¶ΪһȵĴڡͨһʱԪӤԪҲ֪Ҫ¶ڲܹﵽˮ׼Լڻһ֮ң
ʳֻѭ򽥽ڱٹڴʱ仹̫ˣһ·Ҫߡ˵˴һ˫һЦֻǿϧһչرʮգһĻŹˣ˰ˣȻˣԬʦֽܵǸطǺܲұȥ￴룬һúֶΪ
֮ɽһ¥ǰһգŲʱ¥ˣ϶Ԭ˵Ǵڣŷȥ
һŸ¥Ҷؽ¥Ǵ˴ˣӦòˣ˵Ҳһ㣬С
¥濴Եж󣬵вŷޱȵӴһշŻֻеŻһĤеŻȴڶģƺҪһС
ȴ˵һգԬɴһɽ㽫Ҫ֮ضһؽ¥˵ıȥ֮ء
˽֪֮սǿڡνĥ³޽Ȼܱ쳵ɡҪĥʵսһҲǻڴ˲˵ȼΪԼ⽣һĥĽҲֻǲˣҪ˶ôĶ֪
ɽһΪڵĽһǿ߱ҪȻǴĥ׻˵ۣɵ໥һǿݣȴŷչġмڴˣдܱ㼯һ֮Ϊɽôһؽ¥Ĵڡ
Ԭɿе֪⽣¥ǷͬѰ֮ʱѡһ鱦ķɽΪģԴɷԪ¥ת˵¥֮գرɫ޹⣬д˵㽵
ȻЩȴ޴ӿݣ¥ȴʵʵɽһҪĵط֮һһӣ£µĳϣ᲻ʱ⽣¥һŻǽ¥֮Ĵڡ
ֻͬǣͬΪͬʵˣѡŻͬͼ߼һΪŲ㣬ӦоŸΡŻܹ˽ģ׹סı˽˵ġ
·һƬŻһ֪ЩڵŻɽϵӣһʶû˻ѡڵŻĥ
˵һʱǱٹڣӦýڶŻûһɵĳһŻȥ


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쾳磡һŻ΢΢һЦС
ɫ⻪һתһտޱȣһ޼ʵķǰûˣûװ롰ؽ¥һ޶ҪԼǲǵط
Ԭʦ˵ظ¥صռֶϣܹѹΪҽڵŻӦѹƵ˰ɣ
һһתȻһ˿ǿȴʮԵѹסܹӳֻ۷ĳ̶ȡ
ֶҲѹˣûҲԳΪҪ֮ءһ͵һȭһ͸ȭʮɢȥˣǵڵˮ׼
ⵯչһӦڵ֮һŵԬɽһ㣬ֳ캰Ҫĥ֣
һ䣬һ˿ʶһԺȻһʵ۷壬򽣵һһӰһ֣һλεĳ⣬۶ڱǶ
һ״˹֣Ǳ񡯵ĴڵһлǰĶͬʱһĨһ֣Ȳ׽ٽҲɽֻǵΪݵķˡ
ͽ̣һֽһ񣬶Էֻǵ˵ͷͦǰһ˹һͻأּֿѰʿһб
һϲһúãһתһͳһӣʽֶͬȴͬ޾ס
һסӰûһ㶯ҡĽעУʱһӾӽϹҪһڡ
ʮ֮תʣɱ
һ˫ս͵һ飬͵һһתϽ֮ǹжȥԷɽһߡ

һһһһ̶ֱԷҸ¡ӰȻܲˣһתתһɽ͵һײһ֮˶ȥǶһ١
ԶԶӰһ΢΢ͷȻԬʦ˵˼һĺóΪȻӡֻǲתԵУȴǿԵġպÿԹҽ֮ǰľԲͬʱһãǺõط
뵽˴һȻһЦ³ϣӰնɱȥӰǾؽ¥ûûȻþ£ӭһɱһ
ȴ˵һھؽ¥Ż֮ĥ򾳽ͬʱؽ¥֮һȺˣһϤסһѡɽལ޼ˡûϴϵĺ֮УֻѰһ㡣
Ⱥ֮߳һ֮еһ˵ʦܣ˵㽣ЩߣΪȴΪն罣֪ɷдһ
⻰˴Ⱥ֮վʦֹˣСֻ΢΢ȵʦֵֶΡҵ˵½λʦܣʦһΡ
⻰ʦҲ⣬һЦããչӦģ˭ʦǽϤأλʦܳʦұȻȻ
⻰ལ޼໥˿ɫһ࣬ȴֻ߳ȥ
λʦиʣɽһȻΪؽ¥ɽĸ֮һΪ־ͽʹãߣҽȥɣ˵˱㳯ĸ¥ȥˡΣ˷˳ͬȴࡢɫѿ˼֣ʦϲĶ˼޲ᡣ
Ƭ̣ʦ˼֮󣬱ŶȥһŻȥˡ
ŰɣһӣʧһʯˣǰȥˣҲͺˣལЦ޼ֱۡ
޼һѿȥֱȡһŻȥˡལ״ҡҡͷҲѡһŻȥ˲ᡣ
淢һУһ֪˳֮Сٹܹʳм֮ǡأǽתԽһľءһ˿֮ǰܹһ񼸺żһְɡ
Ż֮УһһӰնȥһ֮ӰԶ֮ѿȥ⻪ɢȥ
һһĻӰѾԼ˲٣Ӱƺĸ࣬һΪƺ˵ʲô򽣵һоǰĳ˲ͬʲô򽣵һǸʲôʱʦѯһ²ǡһ˵ʮյĹ˰ɣֻ˵ؽ¥þ֮ʱԵø죬һʱŰʱʱ仹أ
һ룬һҲûд˳ֳ컽ٴλûһʼĥ


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֮ơзһգǧꡱг˽ɼڣͬҲ˵һķʱ顣ѰһһҹǽƣǶⷦһھؽ¥Ż֮Ӱȴһ˶ʮգ΢΢еƣ
ȴ˵ʱһһֶȻ֮ʱʩչ֮Ӱ֮ǰȴֲͬȻ鶯Զǿ˲ֹһһɽҲɣͬɽ
һҫ⣬׵֮٣Һ䣡
һһȻϲ׽ٽӵ׵̨֮Ϊؽ¥ӡԺĽȴûбᣬһʹȻû׵֮࣬ȴм˵ϢǳϢĵٶȶʱǿһ֣иڱ졣
ӣǽԽ⣬һ˵ơһ֮󣬽ȴ˲ͬȻͬʱ飬ͬǣӰĳĴȥһȻһƬָͷԭ·ֱӰȥ
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ƬӰ࣬һ죬ǲ֮Ӱɢ
һĻһ͵ȥصƬЦԭһͷӰͲǵʱԵν򽣵һӰҲоνĩ
֮ǰһͻ룬ûĩӰû뵽ʮУͱһֱӺɱؽ¥֮ȻõνĺɱҲûþζһĸоָܹ
ĸо֮һǵûЭԽսԽ£ĩӰÿζֶǱɱĽΨһвͬıǱɱõʱһδεıɱõҲԽԽֱ࣬һΣһָսһһҹ˶ǧСۼһҪͷһ׹֡ڡ⽣ĸӿͷһ˿ͬĽ⣬ֳͷ⽣ĽС
нʤ޽޽нɢӰһͷе˵ĸҲֻ仰Խӽ
ϢһǵһնɱĩӰĻ齥ƽ
ʱҲӦòˣȥˣ˵һΣɲٴڶΡţһʹֵҪȥŻ
һ䣬һŻǰ칰ֵһлɵĳŻ֮СһתۣǾؽ¥֮УձŻƺࡣһҲ⣬ֱӳ˸¥Ԧɽ㳯Լסȥ
סһ΢΢ʲôƺʲôԾѵˣȻķƶˡ˭Сô
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СףΪνķѵЩʱʲô鷢ô
С֪һȴǲʻתһһۣŵǰЩЩ۵ǰҽѵһͨĶˣû˼Ŵ˷󡣡
һԿЦɽϳɽ⣬ǵʹۣС˵۵ġҲֻЩˡȻһ֪Щǰʲô飬վбҲΪ˵ǵСײ졣ֻЦ˼Щ۵ġС׿е֪ûж̫һ
С׿еõȷʱ䣬֪գһһˣŻصУýЩʱúһ
ڶգһԶţСױ㳯ǽ֮ȥ
Сֲȥô
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Сͬ˻ҩһҲͷԣҡҡͷҲʻһ·ĬĬķ˹ȥƬ̱֮ȻΪϴ¼ϵйԪӤ˿εľ˴ݲͬоȻ˲ͬ
һӭԬ˭ˡ
ʦܣϴûǳʲô£ЩСӾϲѹˣԴСʦܸ˵ôʰǣ
һ⻰˵һ㶣ҲõһϢԭѹ˵黹ʲôطСԴСͷԬЩצȴͷЦѡ
ʦֶˣϴȴСʱ䣬ûѹСܡ
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лʦ̵ֽСˣ
ʱԶ˻ԬɣԬתͷһȥˣųǰȥˡԬȥһѰһλ£һЩϤ˹
ʦܣҲˣ


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ལһһЦ⣬޼ȴһģһҲ˵ͷû׽˼
һϴ¼֮˸˵Ǽ棬ȻȴҲദǢֻ޼ȴǸͬ治࣬һһξͿ˴䵭˵ΪһýһȻûƨɵİãǹҲֻǱϵû
ལ￴޼䵭ǲ䳡ſЦ뱾Ѿһʱˣϴҵȴûмʦܡ𵱳ʦһ£뱾ڷһŹˣ⵹Щأ
һԿЦû뵽Լһȴôע⣬ԷҲǹԼֻýǰԬɵ˵˵һ
⻰ལһȻӵ˵ͷͬʱ´һһƺҪʲô
һ֣㿪ڵʦ֣Сʲôֵô
ལһʦܽЩͬΪˣɵ𵱳ҵʮϴ¼ϵ뱾֮Уһʦֶ˵֮Ϊʦֶҵ൱ʶء
һ֪ལ˵⻰⣬Ҳòӣӭһ
ལǿһĲɣҲ⣬ǺһЦȻʦ֮ǳ֮ֻǸʱãҵǾʶͬʱ뱾ڼɽһԵ֣ʦʲôҲġ
⻰ԽԽ֣й֮⵹һþܾлལ޼һߡ̸ţԼؽ¥ȵ泡ʱ˽ã̸Ϊ𾢡ʱƣǰԽԽࡣΪϴ¼ϵʱҲԹԵվһǡȴǿΪڵһϯ֮ء
ʱȴһϢĶӡ֮زõŵɮ٣絽УҲֻͬվһ
͵ʱһ˹һЦߵǰԭʦܺʦܣû뵽λʦôˣΪռôõλӡ
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һüͷһЦʦ֣ȥλͦģҪѡõλôҾˣ
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ʦּ״ٺһЦͬһ޼λӡԼལλӣһԱߡȻʹһɫԱǵӳһȵǱڵӵĵطϴľ͵ȥ
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һƣһ㶣ҪȴʦסһЦλȴǲλʦ۹ⲻֻҿʦЩѵҲ½ô
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һᣬ˾ͽԼȽϣüͷһƽöԷԱţȴҲûбԼ뷨ֻǵĵһлȻͱĿ붨ƺû˼
˾ͨһЦ⣬ֻһ˿ɫһҲ֪ٹ
˲ãһ³̨ϣʼɽǽһϾǽޣȻȫ뽣йءһﻹһԵ˾ͨ۾ȻǳϽΪһͨȴԾһáǵԪĸ򣬸Լǰĵ·˺ܶࡣ
ʱǹúܿ죬ʱһ³ϺͣʹȥˣҲ׷ȥһȥȴ˾ͨǰЦʦܺαͻȥˣ֪ûȥؽ¥ʦҴȥʶʶΣ
ؽ¥һüͷһ壬ལԼľؽ¥Ļб䶷ãʱ˾ͨ뷨ãԸ˷ʱ䣬ҡҡͷһҲǣֱӰν𣬳ԼԺ䷽ȥ
һȥĽ⣬һǵӿڵʦֻ֣бٹڱܽɽǸǷҪСĶԴأ
˾ͨһЦɽв˳УܹΪж٣ΪܳΪ˾ͽʦǰôߺߣǺú׽׽ɣ


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һ֮أһ·ԼԺȥ˾ͨˣȴϡһ·̣ԶԶɼԼԺ䡣
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һҽдüΪǲҽдĵطסԺӡ
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һԹһЦ޶˶ǰҵĸۡô׾ˣô׵顣
⻰˶ʱײɻؼȥɫһ䣬Ҫأ
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һǰ䣬ΪҪȥһ䣬֪鲢򵥡ʱվ𣬽ޱȵָһ֪˭£˵Ļǵǡ
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ֻһѵǻСҽȫϣˣһ˵ţͷҲأ㳯ȥ
һԼĴȣһıӰԹޣҴҵȣãŰɣһڵģ˵꣬ͬ飬һȳһյĳԶȥ
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ҹһԺĴһլԺʹ޴Ĺ棬ƺڿʲôһӣһţƬ̣һұ죬ʲôӣ˵ҪǰȥԺеʹӽʶȴӡ˻ط֮󣬾Ȼˣǣô
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⻰ɫһ䣬صܼҲˣҲ
⻰ǹӶʱԵɣһȥɣͰܼҵ˵һۣ
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ܼԣ˿ӵɫڵӣдȣԷȻ𷣣ǾͲ֮˰ɣ
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ү˼ǣܼɫ΢䣬ʵ
ߺߣȻλʦ磬ȻҪҸʱúʶһ²ˣ˵ţ˾Ĺ¶һݺݵЦ


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˾ǻǰһһѵ˼ûһգûգһȵȻڣҲһѵҵĹҾͻ󣡡˵һһзɳֱӳ󷨹ں˹ȥ
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˼ķȴǲͬСֵĸ죬Ч˲ͬ˲٣ʹҲԺġ
ֻһȥһھȻԶ鿪ɷɽС˾ЩԾڷʱ򣬺ɫһ䣬ȻԼɽ֮ĸӦˡ
ʲôҵķɽҺ㣡
˾ͽһŭһɽ֣ȻǰһѸͣǰͬ䵽ϱ㷢ըֱ֮ӽƬں鿪¶汻˿˿ʹ⻪Ƶķɽ
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ȴ˵һھؽ¥һŻ֮УǰһӰӰȴ򽣵һĩӰ
нʤ޽޽н֮ʽͨʽв˵ʤҵԼҴʮΪף͵ѧ˲ĽУϵͳҲֻ⽣ƺҪһ¯һǰӰԴĦֻõķ£ԼĶͷȴóЩô򵥵顣
ʵҲˣؽ¥ٴѡĩӰȻǰΪһʤӰնɱ˴źüضûôˡΪĦ֮±նɱ˺üΡ
ӰŲһ˼ǴĦͦǰһ۵Ľһȥ·סһ֣Ȼֻ쾳磬˵ʿǱٹʿһСҲóһ
һûмԷɱֱ㶵վڵӰϳֻߵʱһ˿â˫֡һ̣оŵĲǽκβͬڽĶһ̣ЩΪ˽
һһͬ۵ĽгϡһЩҴʮȴԼ⽣ĸо
ϣ˫ӣһ⶯ÿһѪƺϳΪһšƺ壬ǽꡣ
нн뽣ϣ˽һԭˣԭˣ˽һˣˣһһЦʱһ䣬ƺ˾ͳΪһҲֳһһʽ޲Ϊʽ޲Ϊ֮ĵ䷶
Ȼ򽣵һҲˣնɱɣһһɺᣬ֣ȻӰĽࡣ
ֻӰԶһ㣬ؿӭһĳһֱӴţӰɲһ㣬ʧȥ


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һʤãһɾܶһŻͻأĳǰǽľ͵һƣ㽫Ż֮С
ͨǵŻǰĲľؽ¥ڲһŻռ䡣ǰͬռ沢ǿտյɽˮ֣Ʋʣûʲô졣һɽϣһȥȻޱ޼ʵӡͷһ֮Ȼӿȶûһûһӡĸо
һУЦһ֪ѾǾؽ¥ĵһ㣬ǵ˵ڶ㣬ľءһֻǾؽ¥ߣҲ񡣰룬νʵΪؽ¥ĵ鱦ɽ顣
ν鱦֮е顣Ȼܾ֪ɣȴǻۣУܹбܶණ˵֮еġֻ˵ֵñ鱦鱦˵ĸӦʶ˵ʵһܹõ鱦õ鱦һʹ鱦Ե֣Եɲǳס
ܾؽ¥ʱԬɱ˵ôһǾؽ¥ߡλʮֳߣɽһ߹ˣҲһ񣬾˿ظ¥֮УǾԵĴڡ
һΪʲôԼŲƵڶԬҲûˣֻʵ֪ǣٷǷֻ˵ؽ¥ЩȤˡҪ˵Եɣ̶ʱ侹Ȼֱܹ򽣵һԲйءл͵ӽڶ㣡һ칰֣ڤڤ֮е˵
ڴʱٴδУֻǱ֮ǰƺ⻷仯ķḻͬ΢һ
ٹȺڣ򽣵ڶ
һ䣬һӰһǰһ̬Ҳ࣬뷢ݸмһˡ
ôˣ⻰һȻ֪˼ֳٳһлһתһƳУ׽ٽɡ
˵ѡһڵΪĥǵԪ֮иҪԲ֮ǰľĻڶٹھʵʵļʵˡ֪Լʲô棬жǿʵǲԼǰܹңٹڣ۳ʶʹ׽ٽܹⲿʵȫӳ
ǻûβһǰֱɱһ̧һ롱ơȻǻӰˡ
֣˽ϣ㳯һɱ˹֮죬Ȼһ׽ٽ˶٣ֻѷһˡ
֣һһ۱㿴ٶȻٱȵսʤ磬Х࣬õϴ¼ϣǵһ
úãһϲϣҲɱ˹ȥҴ˴Ͻһ˿ͬĸܣƺԼ׽ٽ֮ϵ࣬һ˿һܹʮʮİգ˷һ˿һ
ڴԲԼν򽣵һԲĽôһ˷ܵ뵽ɵΪԼѡԲ쾳еԵϲȻʱһʱõʱǰӰؽ⡣
ӰʩչĽͨѰĽȴһ׽ӵ󡣶һʩչǶ⽣⽣סཻʽһʱ֮䣬⣬׹⣬ݺŰƲ˺ѣɽʯ飬ľݻ٣ĻޱȡһȻһһһҹþŪһͿõǣƺޱ޼ʵĴζҲ㹻Ŀռ䡣
ųֽĶ֣һ͵һĵһע׽ٽ֮Уת׵֮Ҫʩչһҫ⾳ǿʽ׽ΪܹʩչĶʩչˣָֻһܹԸǰĶ֡
һҫ⣬׽
һ׹ֱӺǻֱȥһԾǣǻξȻһǵ׹⽫顣һ̣ǻͻȻʧԭءһ̾Ȼһ
ôܣѵôһæˣʩչ׽ȴûܻظ޷һ㣬һڣڣҪ㿪ȴ޷㲻
ŵĸо౻иĸоûоʹһζӿͷƬ֮󣬲ޱʹζһ̣ﶼָԭһһϲûбһӡǻվԶĿ
ĸоǲˬһ΢΢һ̾þȵһʵĸоΪʵ
촽˫һпԶǻΣһһȻٴɱ˹ȥ


һ ٻ
һͨҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ֻǹŽӽʱ䣬һΣ˳Ż
Ȼ룬Żٲǵһ㣬ǵڶһŻǴʱؽ¥ڲû̫רŹעǼǣ˷ӵһ룬ȴǴӵڶ¾͵Сĺ䶯ˡ
һ֪£ûԾߴŻ˿Ȳ֪һԼܹ붥㡣ͣ»֮Ŵĳ˾ؽ¥ֱӳԼլԺȥ
صլԺСԼȴǶɽԼһ㿪һ²⣬һŰ⼸շʲôɽһֱҪһƷҵķɽ
ľ֮е˲֪һֱϣԼȼķɽںʹͻԭˣתһ룬ǶԷ֣СҲô۵ġսƷԳһ£ֽɽ봢֮С
ȻԷΪʹǰ֣СҲʩչֶνȡˣǽˡȻӣҪ⿪ȴͻʧô򵥣˵ͻȥԷɷѣǱʵ졣ȴǸɲġȻû̫ƽϴ£֪ҪͻҲô򵥵顣
һҲˣһ±ˣӾʼŻСһͬǰȥ
һҲ磬һԿǰλ£ñԬǰ˴кԬϴһѯһȻ˾ͨ˾飬һûзϣҲԬ䣬ĿԬڶ𵤵ǰλӡ
˵Ҳ֣ϴལ޼˵٣һԺ֮󣬾Ȼ£ȥˡһһ룬ͨйϣԷԼԼ뷨ĸкЦν˸־ԲǿԷ
ȴ˵ϴٵ˾ͨˣ˴ηıȽ磬ȴԶԶŲʱϻһ˿ɵ
ԪӤǰֶΣǳһһ˶ȴӴ쳹ĵףǽɻ⿪ǿµǰ·Чһ㡣ɢȥ
ʦܣԵȣһ˽ȥʱ˾ͨȻæǰ
ԭʦ֣֪кμ̣
˾ͨһЦ̲ҵֻǼʦܳɽΪʦܵҲϤһ¡
ͻȻʾãһȻЩԻ󡣲ȴ֪˾ͨʲôȾϲ֮ȴǲԸᣬԵлʦֺ⣬ֻǷȴãҪ̻طֻùˣ
һܾ˾ͨҲɫЦԭˣʦҪҾͲʦˣ˵Ź˹־ͳһȥ
һҲ룬ֱݽ𣬳ԼԺȥ
һȥĽ⣬һӴյ˾ͨǰСʲôΪʦҪʾã
ɿǸ֮ʱС˵ô
ȴûм
˾ͨٺЦǲ֪ҿãɽ֮жǺݽɫĴڣû뵽СӾȻʶ
⻰һǶӳһˣСǶˣ
˾ͨһʶһ£йϵһ£йϵҲһ񣬱ԸԸֻһ¡ССӣȥҴ̽һȰСӣǹϵ񣬾͸һÿˡ
Ƕԣͷ
ȴ˵һ֪ԼٴγɹġٻصլԺϸϸһŹؽ¥ڶǻææС׵˱𣬱㳯ϵؽ¥ȥˡ
ڶٹŻ֮УһָߺΪӷ֣
䣬ǵУһξͳһǰ
սɣһߺһὣȥǻȻʾһʱ֮佣׹⣬һţһذ
֮еʱ죬˵Ҳ֣һʱ䣬˾ͨûǰһ鷳˫Ҳûг֡һȻֵɣһϾʱ䶼ûУƺصϴϣĥӣ򵥶ʵ
ȴ˵һǶζһսܣڶսܣսܡһҲ֪Լ˶ٳֻΪÿÿһЩ΢򣬹ʶǵһɥԽսԽ£ԽԽ
ŶӣһֻԼһ֡⽣ԲĸоǻζʱҲԽԽһξȻսҹ¶Ϊʱ٣ò˳ؽ¥ʤѷ֡


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ȴ˵һգһȥһʿʦܣ
һȻɻ󣬼ԷͬǶӣΪȻڣԼһ㣬ֻùֵǣ֪ʦҺ£
Ƕ΢΢һЦȻʦܣǾͺðˣ˵ʦһ֡⽣ףҪʦдһ֪ܷ棿
һһͷɽûнӴʲôˣ⽣֮Ȼϴ˽֪ɽ֪Ӧòǣ˾Ȼ֪Ӧǵҡ˿߲ˡ
뵽ɫԳһЦʦּЦСȻ⽣򣬵㲻þ֮˵СΪޣʦҪд裬˰ɣ
⻰Ƕɫʱʦǲˣ
һ״ͷȻĲӲģȴӲԵٺһЦʦ˵ЦˣʦθҲʦӣֻвˣ
вӺٺЦ²вǲӦսɣɽӣȻӦսֱɽһ磬εºɽ
ƺ˵ԽԽȴûߵĵӣһ߿⻰˿һ¶һ˿ΪǶܿһֻбٹڵΪȴʵʵΪ
ƽ£ٹս»˱ġɽͬ磬֮ΪŨģսӦ˳飬ӦսŻ˱ġ
Զһн𵤵ûмæ뿪бԬڡ
һ𵤵ӿڵԬʦ֣ǿɽĵӣٹڱսЩС쵰ԽԽùˣҪҪǰȥֹ
ԬԣٺһЦʦ᲻Ӧս
ǽ𵤵û뵽Ԭɲûֹ⻰һ㶣ŵ²ɣ
ԬҡҡͷӦսֹûбҪˣӦսֹ͸ûбҪЩʦֵĻһԿžͺˣ
ǽ𵤵ԬɵĻֻõ˵ͷԬһԿš
ԬһΪȻԼ⣬ȴ˲ͬһ˾ͨۿȫԬɲûжٺһЦһȥԭˣĻͲҪʦֵĳˣһԣҲʦֵΡ
ȴ˵ϣһԽԽˣ׶Է˼ȻҪѹԼȲҪҲóɼĶԷǻȥˡ
Ⱥ֮УϤ׳֣ལ޼еħ֮ʱļɽʦ֡ЩȻһЩ飬ȴû׼վ˼
ལǰʦܣô£
һЦҡҡͷָָǵӵλʦֲ֪˵Сܻᡶ⽣Ҫд裬ʦҪܾû취
⻰ལɫ΢䣬˿ȥǺ۾һƺʲôرĶЩҵתͷһֵʦСıˣ˵ͷ̾˿ҡͷصȺ֮ȥˡ
һ״ҲǱ߿ȥһЩϤǰ˾ͨ˭ˡҲ֪˾ͨʲôʱȺ֮УʱЦɲһ˿ϷʺУƺǿϷĿ͹һ㡣
һԼζ𵱳Ԭ˵ĻȻƱۡƱȻһʱƽ˾ҪվҪȭͷ˵ء
뵽˴һ΢΢һЦǶӵʦֿҪСд裿
ǶӼһȻתڣͷЦҪʦдһʶʶ⽣
⻰Ⱥ֮һʱ
⽣ѵ⽣
Ŷԭ⽣ȷʵֵһѹҪдˣ
⽣ԱٹҲЩ۸ˣ

һ֪Է⣬Ҳ⣬˵ͷɫȻˣǾʦ֮ԣֻǲ֪⽣ʦлûոȫ±ղ֡
ǶӹһЦ޷޷ʦܻ֪ؽ¥ҵȵѰֻ֮Ҫؽ¥֮УұԸƻ
һҪľ仰ȻԭˣǶлʦָˣˣǱ߰ɣ˵ţһݶǶô뵽һ˸ɴ࣬ȴҲȥΧ۵˼öȥȴнĸȤҲȥһʱƺʮϰ˳ؽ¥ȥ
뽣¥֮УǶ΢΢һЦָͷŻʦ룡
һҲǹһ΢Ц㳯ڶŻȥ


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һǶæںʦܣߴˣ
һתͷһЦʦ˵ЦˣʦȻֻмΣʦڴ˼ô꣬Żϵõġ
ܹɹûɵӣȻһ֮еļ֮⡣ȻսٹʿҲͽӻȥˣλںҡͷʦѡǵڶ㣬ӦȥԲǡ
һһ˿ͷŻڿ˿ǵڶŻʱһЦЦıϡһҡͷһΪʦҪƽһսû뵽⣬֪ʦҲǱٹڣȻҽ㣬ⲻ۸ʦΪôȻд轣ȻҪƽһսǣʦΪβȥҽڵʦд裬ܹԲСܹġ˵ʦ־۸ٹڣ
⻰ʦֱٲҪҲҽӿڣֻڵſܵĶԲߡֻһ׼ս˿Щˡ
ˣˣʦǲʦҹƽˣȻˣǽҲͰˣˡʦܻˣһƽҧĺأԷ𻰣һЦҪȥ
ȵȣһҪߣǶæ˶٣ŵãʦ֮ԣƽһսڶ͵ڶ㣬ʦ룡
һöԲߣõһɹҲٹִ̼Է΢΢һЦѡһŻСǶɫÿȴҲŸ˽ۡһ죬Ż׼ٽ롣
Ż֮Уɽʯ֮ǰһ޶Ψһͬǣ˼䲢ֻһˡ
Ż֮УǶϳһ˿üƺϷʵʦܣڱҰҲˣֻǱٹڣҲñٹڵΪֻǣʦұ׼һ棬û뵽㲻ʶ࣬ͲҪҲһˣ˵ţչֵ÷ֹ⻯ӰӰ͵档
һΣֱӴУڸ߿մֹ⻯Ӱнʯö
⻰ʦֵһл񡱣ƵһһۣǹһЦһףöʯշ𣬲⻪ƾɢ
һĻһȻԾ뵽ؽ¥棬ҲȻˡЩʯϵ˲䣬һоһ˫۾ڿԼ֮ǰûиоġ룬ȻǷֹ⻯Ӱˡ
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һԣƺһ㶼ںʲôֻǶǷֹ⻯ӰеȤԭֹ⻯Ӱô˵Ҳ㣬ֻʦƷˣ
һؾᣬںʲôḡ̬ȣǶͷȴʮֲ⣬ֻ뵽ʱ綼ܼ⾰ȴһ΢Цһתһ˼յһǰʦܣʦҽ棬סҵְɣ㽫£Ϊʦ֣һʶ֮ϴǲͬģʲôϴ¼ֻһЦˣ˵˺󼸲ϸĿһı飬ƺҪһ㶯
˭֪һʮֵȻݵӣ˵ͷԭʦҲô룬ϴ¼ȷʵ㲻ʲô˵һҪʦʧˡ
û뵽һôһ˵ɻʲô飿
һ΢΢һЦʦֵǣʦһõϰߣ̫ϲ˼ڲҪϣЩආ־ʹǲס㵹ʦֵļ¡
汾һҪ˵ʲôȴû뵽Ȼƽƽ˵ƵĻɵŭʲô˵˭ආ
һ÷ʼ磬ԭʦֲ⣬ǶҲЩˣ˼ֻʦʦֶˣʦҿûʲôëȻ˵Լ˻ʦԼǰɣ
һСװɵ֪˷ڿࡣνòҽһƵļȴѰܹ⡣
Ʋ𣬶ආһǴͷۣʱŭգǹ˼ҲܼԼ̬ͲȥһһѵˡͷŭɫЩģãõúܣʦѵѵ㣬һ̫Ը⣬˿ʦ㻹Ҫ̣ô֪𱰳ף»ᱻ˳Цɽûн
𱰣һٺһЦʦֻʣǿЦ˴ΪȣǿΪεº㣬οһʹආﻹнԣʦֻǸϽȥչذ꣬˵û֣ܲ𱰣ҿ˰ɣ


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⻰Ҳûһ֣ȴ쳣ĺݶǴһʼ㱣ֵƽ̬иһʼԼƺԼ˷ʱ䣬˷Ѹһ㡣
úݵһ죬ھؽ¥֮УɱˣҾҪһ˺ѣеǶ࣬š
ԭʦѡؽ¥вʵʱɱԵɣҲãʦҲͲɱˣǵһ鷳ˣ
㡭涼֪κˣ˰ֻĳ
һҡҡͷʦ˵ЦˣλҪҲʦҵģģȻѡؽ¥ʦҾɱҲɱˡǱζʦҲȴЩ۵ģʦֻס
ĳһͨ죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴԼ˵ʲôᱻԷǵܼŭԷԼŭޱȡһʱ֮ס˵սֻܿӰƺ˵˵ʲôסɻѡ
ˣˣҲѴֻ֪࣬ҵˣҲʿܿ콫ƽ롣
һ˵ͷһӿɽ̵ͶˣʦֽöʯǲСĿǲһ񲻿ˣ
ߣ˵ϻսɣƺЩһĶߣһȻڲǫòǫãȡ֣˽һУһɱ˹
һʱǻҲ֪˶ʱ䣬۹Զ֮ǰɱȣһ۱㿴ʦֲֳܽɽĶǲݰҲһϷʣɫʱһ䴢ϡһ׽ٽֱܶ׹⳯˽һ˹ȥ
ҪƾһɽԸңҶ㽣Ҫ
˽һһֳֽһһųĽʱ̣ٶȸ͵һи졣ȻҪһ˴һ˺顣
ûôף׹
һͼȴûһõ˼һսɽ֮С׽ٽͬʱʮһߡ׹ӹ֮дֱܳӽɽ׽ٽȻһһ潣֮ǰȻһתһۣӲǽϡʱǽһᣬֱӳһߴȥ˴ɨһ޷һЧûС
סƣֽ䵽һƬɽϣһӣɢȥལԭնһҲǽ֮⣬ȵһ¾Ȼˣôܣѵ⽣ٶ˿죬ǿ
һ룬ڶ֮ǻζ˲֪ٴεһȻʹֶβͬͬͷս⣬һЦʦֽʦȻʦֳ˵һУƷһֶΡ
һ䣬һָڽһĨʱһ׹ַų˹ȥ׹ͬʱһ⶯뽣ϣһ߽㳯ն˹ȥ
ʿȻʹýһȴʵʵڸ߳һ㡣ɽҲ깦ȻֲԵγڣڶʦֵ֮Ҳ㲻֮ϾڴˣһȻ鶯㣬࣬һ𹥣ҲԶܣ˳׹ɱһͬȥ
ʮΣֻû𻨵Ĵɽһɽͷɽʯѣظ̳ó
б¾͸һݽ𣬷ȥˡ
һæȥ
һЦСӣмˣ䣡ϷһǷɽһ׾Ȼʮһֱָһ
һ״ңдʣһת׹һƬŷɽתȻһ׹һ㡣
ڴʱһҵ׹ϡÿÿһΣ׹Ʊ㰵һ֣һ£׹ɢڴʱ˴ͻȻڻ֮󣬶֮ǰŶɢ¶һ˿΢Цӽնȥ
ǣ׹֮ȴǿտյﻹһټĵмƣеޱȵϢתʱ䶼ûУֻһɽȥ
һҫ⣬ǧغ׽
һ׹⹹ɵĽӰͻȻֱֱĺȥǴæֵķɽҲǵһ㱻ɡ
һʱȴ㹻淴ӦһӲŲߣ׹һߣȥһأֱ۱Աȴûд󰭡
ʦֶܵεǲֻǲ֪ܼΣһһЦԳ
汾ˣֶνһҲû뵽͵ʴףһƾͼԼŭһйɽٴγһɱ˹ȥ


һ Ҫ
ֲֶֻ̽٣ˣֶȴһƣǱƾͼˡŭͬҰޣٲ׼ˣֶΣȴһһʽʩչ𽣷Ҫһڽ¡
һȻıԷˣһһʩչڲԼˣթʩƵļȴҲϲͬ˳涷
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һʱ֮佣⣬⣬׹⣬ݺύƿ֮֮ը֮ڶƽϼɢңըѻ纵֮ףһߺϼ֮иֹʣ־£׷׳֡
⽣һһĽϽȻףȴҲǲΪȴʵʵȻֻܷӳٹȵʶ;ȴ٣һֽתޱȣûһһνƲǱץס᲻ʱͱѹס
˶ʱҲ֪мʩչ˶ٽУɾڣûһƣӡȴǽ˲ͬ
һΪǻҹ߲ݣζǽλˣһֻĥνԷɱܣͷûһ⣬һߴĦУһ˼˵ʤ֮ȻѾԽսԽ¡
ȴǲͬ˴αս֮ٹȣΪޣǾ鶼Լռţ¡ʤˣһڰٳҲֻܵһӦԲ˵˵ָʦܣ˵ûܲһǰˣǲ˵ΪȻбٹȵȥһҲᣬȻɥҲ̧ͷ
ȻΪǰһǣһУȻƸҪҲһƾĽѹһȡþԵʤǧ㣬û뵽һǺӣ⽣ޱȣҾͬΪḻ
ȻռϷ磬ûа취ȡʤԾǣʱţһԽԽԲԽԽϬһֹ˶þͲѹƵĸо
ܾȥȥʤҲֻʤ̰ܣһʲôɽȥֻһжһˡ
뵽ַһ䣬͵ĽһһеһɾҲʾĵע뽣У׵ֱ֮Ӻȥ֮һը죬ը֮˷ֱƿʮɡ
һȻеһǿæ濴ȥ֮˫ֳֽдʣһ˿˵Ȼ׼ʲô
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һ֮ѧѾãյʮֻбٹʵʩչȻܹʩչȴһʱȱ㡣ʶ˿ʮʩչһеͬʱ׼Щֶֹһķ
ϵǣһûǰǰ谭㶵վԭأʩչֶΡȻ»ǰÿÿ²һжʧܵһ˿õ뷨ͷ
һȥʲôֶΣʲôʽһֵסһʲô£ֻҪӮˣǰĳ趼Ի֪ʿǲġҲܹܿնȥͷʤ»صУΪ˲⣬пھٶֿһ֣ȡҪڳ֮ǰһ
һ漴ʩչĴУʹԾڶۿⳡȶҲԾѡ
֮У˾ͨЦĿеľСӻôȻ㲻ɫһȴҲΪ˵ãȫʩչҶҪݱ棬οһССıٹʿ
ͬȺ֮еལ޼˫۽ĶŻ棬һüͷ壬һһɫҲ֪Щʲô
Ⱥ֮⣬ظ¥ĳһĽ䣬Ԭ뼸ʿҲڿһȶһ𵤵ӿ˿ԬɫſڵԱٹ˵ʦܵĽҲǶˣҲӶɫֻǲ֪ôһֵĻôͷŹˣ
ԬԺǺһЦλСʦܿɲô򵥵뵱ԴҲǳٹȣ뱾ڣܿŪϴ¼ⲻ겻ɽϲ֪жֶΡˣͷɷһУҲ֪ǵɷ˵ýξһأ
⻰Ȼĵ˵ͷǻ档֮һһӳϳԬɿһĻͷһҪ˰ɣ


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ؽ¥ڶŻ֮У֮ʺȻһפʱһŻϳ𣬿ϯɢ
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ֳͨ𽣣ǵ֮ɫ漷Ūһ˿ʦܣʦһһΪҲܿһ˭ʦǵҽڶŻΪסҲͺѿ
һڲϵ˼֮УԼʩչ׽Լǻƽ˼һתнһʱԼǻһδζͬһһһӹǸƺֿɼƺԶߡ⼸ﵽ֮ﻹ˵ʲô
һֻվԭأԼ˵ͷһ˿ʤ׼ҫϲöʱ롣ɫٴȥݺݵ˵һŵСӣһг֣֪ҵĿ¡˵ţһĵҪǮһ볤֮СڶһһЧһܹٶȣһٹʿʵҲᵤ顣ڡ
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һ泤ˡȻֱӳһ˹ȻٶȲ죬նٶԽԽ죬Ȼڳ֮һӰ
ۼǻ泤һֻԶֻһգʱҪ䵽һͷƣȫƬ֮еһҲѹ
ǰͨ𽣣εζĳһԼǻζֻ˴ζԼԼȴվǻڵӽϡ
ԭˣннȻ˽һܹӳеվڽıΣȴûаսıԡսıԣҪ޽нˣˣԭˣν򽣵ڶ˰ɣ
νʮĥһ򡱾ģһ֪Լ˽֮һ¾磬˵Ļϲ
̧ͷǽߵ泤һû뵽ҿ򽣵ڶȻˣξҲʶʶһ뵽һֽһ潣һ߱˿ȥ
һҪܿһЦҪ㿪ˣ˵ţֽһתǻٶȲĳһ׷ȥԶһԶ
ĺãһ¶һ΢ЦϷһ͵ע׽ٽ֮Сʱһǻ󽣴ȥĵȴǱˮнֵܵ󽣣Ǵƫ
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ȡʤȴûջػ˼ٺЦŵСӣ֪ҵ˰ɣ˵ɱ㣬ζǱζһԼΣֱΪֹ
һĶУԭʦôݶǵôβŸģʦһãֻʦһΡ
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ʦ֣ζΰ֪ʦϲϲϲʦֶԱˣ˵ţһһ齣Ѫͬʱһ죬ǻ棬Ǵ󽣾ɢ
һϲӺɱˣãðһ΢΢һЦٲ棬칰ֵŻ
һ䣬һŻǰͷҲصĿŻһ̾ͳھؽ¥֮С
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ԬɹһЦһ¥ʦͣҲһͬⲻͬ⣬ֱűߡ
һĻӾ첻˾ְֺͨף˦ߣҲִ֪ʲô⡣


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Ԭɽһų˾ؽ¥Уɿ
һԬǰֻ׷ȥʵԬʦ֣֪ȥ
ԬЦŲ˵ôΪ˸ʦô֮ȥ¥
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ԬȻ֪ԵɣһȻŹôһᣬæʵԬʦ֣ʲôʲôΪʲôؽ¥֮ȻҪἰأʲôʦָָ̣
ԬԣһЦָһЦǶ˵գǷӣû뵽ʦգǷӣոͻƵڶҪ֪ϸ˰ˣӦõ֮󣬰ʦŸ֪ģʦ㾹Ȼͻ˵ڶ֪ҲǺõġҲ𼱣ǵ¥˵١
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ԬԣعͷһٺһЦüͷȻ¶һ˵֮еı飬ƺ˵㶮ġһ
һŪĺͿˣֻҡҡͷ
Ԭɼ״ҲֻͣЦʦҲ߯ˣȵ˵ط֪ˣʦֵλԿ
ôһ˵һҲԶԣֻͷԬ󣬳ȥ
ƣӱɽ֮أɶԶԶϴµӺŵܹ⡣
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ˣһæʵԬʦ֣⵽ʲôطôᾡŮִ£
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ԬǶǵЦݣǰ˴ţһܵĴ𰸳һͷڷ֮ʮֱϲĵطһī̵ĵطͬνʿĵط
ԺֲҪӿһĺȴһ˻ȥֻ³Ȼƣ
Ԭһ㶣ЦһļãããøȻƣʦ㻹ǲһ㣬ˣ
ȻһԼ˵ֻ뵽˵ԬЦһҲͰˣûԬɾȻһھͿ϶ʱڵ
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֪ˣз֮Ҳ˫֮Ů˫ޣ֮⣬аħзţǵõ鹫ӺƷƱ㴫һħ˫ֻ֮ǵûùѵȴҪô
Ԭȴ֪һǷ׷ͷЦ֮ŵʦǷڴ
һԿЦ˵ʲôһһŮӸһӣõ˽΢΢һ򸣣ŽӷϣһСɵƿŵϣȡһֻյѣ͵ǰ
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һȻҲСڷ״ڷ֮²˽⣬ֻȻƣȻҪȾƵġӹǾѣȴǿտҲһȥȡǾƺȴŮȻһЦѲض֣֮ҵˣ
˵ţŮһָƺһȴ󶯷˿˿֮ɫ֣ûƺ֮СͬʱŮһӣ㽫ЩƿӾ򿪣һʱƿ֮зųŸһԼõ֮еһ˿ӣԺ֮еҲתһ֡
һ΢΢ԾĿСƿ浽׷ʲôһľɫȴǳǰ
ֻһƿ֮УȻԿɼٶȳֲѿϢ׷չ֦Ҷһ˿ڶǰζƺҲȱ仯ó˲
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ԬɹһЦʦܲҪļȻôҪлоƲУҪˣ
˳Ԭ֪ȻһҶ֮Уɫǳһ̺Ļ䡣ʱһŷǰζǴ⻨֮Ʈɢ
Ůӻһһʻ֮зɳ¶һĶֱûǾƺ֮СһУŮӵ˵ͷŮ΢΢һЦٴ󶯷þƺ֮жȪˮ֮
໨һƷ𣬻λƷ˵ŮƺһԬɸһ˵һߡ
ʦܣǻˣȰɣԬԴϷʵЦ
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ʦܾ⻨ΣԬɼȤ
һ˵ͷȴҺѹʦַǵҪȡơˣ
ԬɹһЦʦܹȻұˣʦȸΪ˵һڱȥ
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⻰ŮӵһǣõȥˣһʻԼǾյ
ŮȥһЦʦƭҺÿడ
ԬɺٺһЦһƣʦҿûƭ㣬ƣƣлоƣбǡĽзô
һû뵽ƽʱëԬɾȻҲô˵εҡҡͷҲһˡ
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ԭˣһ˵ٴһ
ԬɼһȻԼȵû죬ɫһ࣬ʦʡŵ㣬һƿɾһļǮء
һüͷһʦͺȾƣʦܿǲʦӰǰһľз൱ʦܻٿһƿʦֲһƿɣ˵һ¶ǣűЦݡ
Ԭɣ˿ЦֹһһЦʦܲҪ֪ô
һһ㶣һЦͣ¿ıյһڣʦ˵ǣ


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һڿϻԬҲһȻΪʿʵںһƿٻֻǶˣɵϲЦһˡ
ʦ֪ܿСһ˵ԬҲһڰٻ
Уһüͷ΢壬ҡҡͷ⵹û˵Ӧйأ֪Ϊкβ𣿡
ԬҡҡͷСһ˵ȴԴϹţʱħȻҲΪҪȴǡСˡСǲΪҲܹսʤΪޡСˡ㹻ġСһˣҲǿسɵĿܡ
ףȻˣΪ̸ֻΪģȴ̸۵֮˵أ
Ԭ̾һΪΣҲֻ֪ʦ˵ƺϹ֮󴫳жϾֻ֮ʣ֮ڵ֮˵ȴֻʣֻƬȶ²Զ֮׽ƺֻ᲻Դģû˵еֻ֮Լˡ
һԬ֮еĸ̾ͷҲĸпϧͬʱԼԼõ䣬Լǻ̫顯ƪ£Ķֻͬ᲻ԴҲǾޱȡֻǵ֮˵ȻϾҲ޷֤ǲйˡ
Ԭɾʹһھˮ븹ȴǽȻ֮ɨȥһЦʦǲǾÿϧ
һ˵ͷеĴɥʧȷʵϧѰ˻˵ܹϹŵʤ
ԬҡҡͷеĴôң˵ûҵʮǰľ̶ûҵأ˵ţĿһһۡ
һ֪Ԭ⣬ֻ̾Ϣԭˣǿ治ѰˡֻʦΪϾеĵѵʲôϵô
ʦʵĺãʵֻӦ˵ҵ֮˵ġеĹϵ˵˲֪ٹ⾰ǧ˿ƵĹϵʦԭ˵޽֮˵ĵС
仰ظһ飬һԼЩ򣬵˵ֻҪսҵ޽֮˾ܹǿô
ԬɹһЦ˵ͷָҡҡͷ
ΪΣһɻ
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⻰һ˼·Լ˽еĹϵ˵ͷԭˣѹϹţ治֪Ǹʲô
Ԭݵĵ˵ͷһϧϹȥҵȺȴûлʶˣʦҸ㽲Щ㰧̾ʡã
һ΢΢һЦͬһڣȻʡãʦֻ˵˵ɣ
ԬɵͷЦǽȴ֪֮磬ֱΪ˽оĩԼ˵֮вſֵܳͨģͨͨ硣
˽Լ˼ͨģͨͨǵʲô磬ô˵ѵûгֹôʦѵҲûдﵽ
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ѵѵǴ˵еʫɣ
ԬԣЦʫɣ˵֮Уﵽ֮ͨʶܳΪ֮Ĵ˵
ŶԭˣСűһλӽʦĴڣԪʦ棬֪ﵽʲô磿
ԬһҭЦʦ㻹ǾһԪʦȴһλΪȻ¼ȴ֪ܹ֪࣬ҲһλˣΣ·ʦˣ˭Ҳ֪ˡ˰ˣһ㽲һ飬˽ΪҲûҲҡǽľ磬ѰȻųƲ򽣵ȴûߵġ㶷Ǹӣǿǿ򽣵һĩҲǵһûдԲڵΪƣҪӮȴʮΪѵġѾ˵һ˵ڶżΪҾڴ˸ָ㣬ϸǵֱӸ㷴Ǻ㣬Ĵң
ˣʦлԬʦˣһԹ˹֡
ʦֵ֮Ҳضһ㻽˽һĺϽģ潣⣬ָ֮ףܹ޵ӵʮɣɽѰӴ඼ϣֻмٵĵӲܹΣڶҲǻĽѰҲҪڲܹﵽأʦҲᣬĽģΪ⣬ָ鶯ްȻܱȵһǿ۳ٶȣǱУȵȣԶǵһܹ⡣ʦһгǰ㣬һܼԦɽ͵˲֮¡ʦ˵Ҳǣ


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һһʣʱԬĿԼһҲϣͷʦʦҲһ̽⡮Ľ֮ˣµͰˡ
ԬɹһЦҵȽ޾㣬Ϊսʿͷ򽣵ʱ֮ˣһϵսǿߣôһ˼ĥΣҪ֮䣬ѹԼԷֵ򽣵ʦ㣬ֻˣӮˣûн֮˵
һ˵ͷСһ⣬֪ʣ
Ԭ⻰һۼҪٻԺ˫ۣһƬ̲ŵʦʱˣ
һһ븹УŹֵʦ֣ڽһ˾ͽʦ֣ȴһ
Ԭǰһʻ΢΢ͷá˾ͽȴ˫ۣҲŪİٻ͵һӵһá
ҲµʦҪΪҵľ磬û뵽ʦĿ꾹Ȼң˾ͽʦ֣ðð
һһû뵽ôһȴǱ¶ͷ룬뵽⿴ֵʦȴǴϸز¶Ԭɵ龰ȴҪΪԼͷͷ˾ͽʦұ̳ȻҪ˾ͽʦΪĿꡣ
ãǺã˾ͽʦֹȻû˵ʦ㻹Ǹ˲ţȻҲˣʦֵҲڣʵʵ˵ʦո˵ڶβͣҲĽĩ˾ͽʦ֣ҾͲ֪ˡֻʦֲԶң鱦նԸ򽣵ѽ򽣵ѰԪӤܴﵽľ˰ɣ
Ľĩ򽣵һͷĬһ飬ԪӤ˲ܹﵽ򽣵˾ͽ˵
ôʦܿǱŵˣԬЦЦ
һҡͷλʦֹȻСֻ
⻰û˵꣬Ԭȴ֪ζһЦҲѯʣһյٿһ䣬ʽǰԼ
һҲţһͻƣһԬԬԼ΢΢в֮ͬƺԬӴ⣬ԽۣԼȴӹ㲩ƺ˽⣬
ԵɣȴΪ򽣵Ԫ֮ԪӤ¾֮µõҲôѸپͽ򽣵һԲע򽣵ڶ
ȻЩһֻ֪Ǹ֮ͬԬȻͬȴܹҲڽϸͻһ֡
һһȴǺþ֮ˣٻ𲻹Ѳ㾡¥Ůǰһơֻǰġ໨𡯲ͬһϼ졯ζŨ֮⣬л֮صڴ⡣ֻȻֻˣԬһغòᣬһϲƣȴҲ߲ܣƷζһҲ޲ѡ
ƣ¡Ԭɸһ˴֮˵һ֮һȻȥᡣһѪӶӶݣּ̳ͬſʦ֣Ƕһ֮Ե
ôһᣬܹλа̳һͬʦ־Ͳˣħ̳ǾղѡԬɷǵûо֣׶㣬ֱ̾ϧûһһһЩħ̳
ʦһǻ㣬ӢĽӣӢҲĽӣǼ϶ʶΪĽѰ
ӢĽҲͰˣˣ˾ͽ˶Ʋյü⣬ġѩжҡħӣҿɲֹǼĸȻΪֵ̫鹫ӺƷƶԸԼ˼һͱǿ㲻ʲôþ
뵽˴һЦһ¶ǣһͷơ
Ԭɼ״ȴֻһһЦʹᡣ
˻в죬ǱͺþƣҲ֪˶ʱ䣬ֻǰٻҲ˵ԺĸоɼҾȻǱѰ֮Ҳʱںܹ£ٲʯһҲϣʮٻֵǰȰ޾Һ˿ڣʹ˿ʮٻ
ƺ˵ϣٲ֪صڶһѾԼȻһ᷿֮Умѣɼ˼ϸ塣
΢΢˹ȴǷŨһ֣ٻ治һˮܹ⡣
Ѿϣ
һԲ죬ϸȴ벻Ҳؿͨƿ飬ֻһʮŮŮŲվ
һݣԾףȻ㣡


 ټ˿
Ů⻰ŵͷ͵̧覵ϣһ˫۾һһۣȻŵ˫һ
Сģһֽӹ̣Ů΢΢һЦ㲻໪ôô
ŮǱһˡľ䡷Ļ˿˭ˡֻһ꣬ɽԼĪ꣬һʱ䲻˿Ҳ仯˲١θ˼֣΢ҲһžµСһ˫ˮĴ۾һӣһǻ۴󿪣йĿ֮ܣ¶ϲˡ
ĳԾ˿һˡ˫ϥһҪ¹л
һһọ̀һ֣ȴֻ˿䣬Цñٹʿеˣô¹򡣡
˿ȷʵһ˵ѾڵСѾͷ˱ٹڵʿֻǼһ𵱳ûǹĴڣԼûн졣ɸжҪ°л
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һȴûʲôԾ΢΢һЦźãû뵽һʱܹٹڣӾҪٹˣΪٶȣҲҴǡľ䡷
˿ﲢ֪ľ䡷ʲôܹٹڱǺöҲȻ°ڣȴһ򸣣˿񣬻Ҫл
һԵ˵ͷȻֻԶΪûЮ˵ле֮顣
ˣ㲻໪Ϊξٻ¥Ů
˿ڣһȴǺǺһЦȴ˵ĵط˵ɣ
˽뷿УһѾƲ裬ȴ˿æ
˵ǰͳһƿᶶһƬҶС֮Сڴʱһ̹𣬳ҶƮڿУͬʱ˿˿̹Ҷ֮СҶȻһ£ȻֳѿչƮյ֮Сʱһµζ
ˣã˿˫յ͵һǰ
һӹյһڣŵ˵ٻˣ
⻰˿æδö׼˿ͼ˰ٻţ֡
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һĻ˿΢΢̧ͷȴվûкѡֻ֣ɫԻ˼֣һл
һҲǿЦֻٻ¥ҲҵѰõأɷ˵һ˵
˿Ե˵ͷҲ㽫ǰһ˵˵ȴɹ֮󣬱¥ĵӷ츳Ŵ¥֮УΪӡ
յ蹦һ΢΢̾ԭˣٻŵǲɻţ˵ܱڻҪһЩ˵ҲĻԵأ
˿ĵ˵ͷ֪ΪΣһǰǾԼǵСѾͷ
⻨˿һһ˵ҲãȻлԵܹšľ䡷ͻƱٹڣ˵ܹСľ䡷ˣҾͽľ価㣬Ҳһ顣֪ԸⲻԸⰡ
һȻ𣬻˿һ㶣β֪ԼĻᣬæһ򸣣лѶ£˿
һǺһЦӻȡһᣬȴϾ֮ʱľ䣬˹ȥŵľ䡷¾ǲΪǧ򲻿ɱ¶ҲҪҽġ
˿СĵĽӹľ䡷ͷֹ
һôľĸ뻨˿˵һȻȲܣҲȲ֪Ҫ֮࣬ȡľľԷȡһһĸ˿һʱͣһĸ룬˿ﲻҶͣµĳ˷ţȥˡ
˿ȥһľ̽ǰǵĺôҲǻر˰ɣ˵գ΢΢һЦ˷ű㳯˿Ԭסطȥˡ
˵طȴɨŮ֪Ԭڴ֮еֱӳȥյȻԬУֻȴһˣһڶ棬ƺڶʲô


һ 
ԬҲһֻ˹ƺ˷ֻһʦˣٻζɣ
һȻ֪飬Ҳó˲ѺãԬʻЦٻɼҾСܺȵΪ죬ֻѵãɬǵʦͣСܻıһ
ԬԹЦʦƭΪˣҿɲΪٰ
һһ㶣Ҳ֪ԬкָֻôһǱȲʦְ
ʱһǿӹһЦԬɣû뵽㾹Ȼôһ¥֪ﶼǽ𵤵ӲĵطȥⷲմȾ˴˵أʦֵܵθڣҲӰ¥⡣
ԬɼһڴˣˣʹȥҲͰˣû뵽Է£Ȼˣӣοһ˵ʲôƨɸٵҵ˵һΣ
ΪʵȲԬɣȴȴԬȲݸӽϾ˴οڴƣһЦ˵һΣѵﶯֲɣСıչǻСģ˵ҲͰˣȴűٹڵСӶǻ˹ôȥⲻСܹѵģ
ԬŭһҪ֣ȴִ˴˳סԬɵԬѣµѣʲôҳ˶Ҫ˶ȥһӣɢ˱ǣ￡һ𣬶λΣ
Ȱ裬ԬҲ֪ﲢµĵط߷ߵĽӹǱյ£ȴǶٴοڡ
ѿˣһö˱ˣ͵͸Ԭʦֵĺˣ˵ţҪʯ
Ԭɼ״ŭڣҪ֣ȴǱһס
ʦֲضŭʦּȻˣҵ±ˣһ𡯵ûкȹԻȥʦһᡣֻӦģҹһϼ졯СܾζʦҲĺãȡһ͵ʦôһСʦֵˣ
ϼ죿뵽ʱһȻҴɻȴû֣һƺֻ֪бٹڵĵҪʲô
ЦһٹڵǮһңҪӣȡ˾ȥˣٺЦ
һҡҡͷ̾һʦ˵öԣʦȷʵûʲôǮƣ֪ղɫǿȥӦõֵùһ˰ɣ˵ţͳɽ
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һŶһһã˿ŵȡһƿ͸ʦ֣һƿҾʹ߱ˡ
˵ͷԸȥȡǶһֱȡ΢΢һ±ѰӶСֻΪԬɣϸһŴȷʵԼ֮һɴҷ緶ɵΪһҲǴӵܡ
ȻǼӵܣ𵤣ȴ竡ײбˡڻһб£ȴ׼ٴơһϼ졯͹ȴЦŽ˹һЦݣһлʦܣȻ㳯ȥˡ
򵥱һҶһи߿һۣͬʱҲһΪһбӵܡЦŽ˹лˣ
һƵһ£֪Լ𵤻һؾ룬иͻָ˵֮ʱƽβýΪͻķʽһ鷳ҲԸ˿壬˽¡ȴû뵽ǧ㣬Ѳ⣬ȴǶ̫࣬ȴǱƻĸȴ
Ȼ벢ûгУҲֵ¡лͷһת֮⣬ӹƿƵѿˡ
תͷǡϼ졯ݸԬɵԬʦ֣ƿϲģСʦֵġ
Ԭɼһ򵥱˴£һЦƺȻʦͣΪ־ˡ
²СԽ֮󡣺ǰ
µѣ֪к¼̣ѵ¥İٻвô΢Ц
ǺһЦ˵Цˣȷʵ󡣡
µк£˵ˣ¥ȻֻˮȴҲֻ̣ҪҪģǾǣ
ãѽתΣ



 Ԭȥ
ȴ˵Ԭһ¥һ·ɽȥ
ԬɿһͣʦҶúþòܴʯһ٣ȴûʦ£־ȥˣٻʯ㹻ƿһƷٻأ
һԿЦʦЦˣʦҿǴأǶʦ˵̫Ҳ᲻ȻòҲð
ԬɹһЦͶͳȥˣʦҲؿϧЩ֮õĶ±ˣˡöСӳԱҲֵˣҪȥȡ
⡮ȡ֣һЦ⵹òϣʦͷ㹻ˣҪʱԼƱˣȴǲ鷳ʦ֡
鷳ߣܻͲȥ鷳Ȼ˳ŽյǬɽȥջҲ룬һ쵽¯򽻵һնĳ졣Ԭ˵ҡҡͷǶвм
һЦԬɲͬЩϲã©ڶ˵þѡǬɽȥˡʱ䶼ĥһֱû뵽һ磬ԼڣһװϾ͵ø»ʱһȻϣԼƵá뵽⣬ʱҪȥǬɽһ״ú̽һ
һ˼ԬȴǷɹļʦǷǶ飿˵±ҳ棬Ƣ˵þǳָһ١˭ȨбӵƲĲݸҲ룬ǧǰҲѰ˳
һԬҲʵʦֵ˼Ƕʦˣ
Ԭɵ˵ͷЩԹǶǶ¼һĽܳӵܣôֵܽҲһ˳ɾ˽𵤡ǼڱҲЩλ³ϡֻԬλǽ𵤳ڰˣǰŪǲ֪
Ԭ緢һֻõͷЦ
ˣǽʦˣʦܷľˣ竾Ҷʲôʲôʦ׼Բ˶ߣ˵ٴιЦ
һͷ΢࣬Һһβû̫鷳¿ٲ˰
ڶ˷ɽ֮е˲䣬һ糯˷һ״Ҫ֣ȴԬסʦɲܹԸģǿɣ
Ԭɲڷɽ֮ϣ󽣾ʱһɷ֮֮۵ϣ֮УȻ͵һ£ȴһһӣǳ͵Ĵһϡײֻ΢Ĵ죬ûбըҲûл⡣
ԬɳǱײĽһ֣ȴһķСԼԼһġԬɽǷķڶߣҲ֪ʲôɫ΢΢һ䡣̾һתͷһʦܣʦҺһʱû취Ⱦơ
⻰һ֪һ羹ȻǴѶֶΣԬɵʦһλԪӤ˷ų
ȻʦСθʦȥǣ֮һʦʹһǡ
ԬԵ˵ͷʦ˵úãʹһʱɲʦһ
һЦҡҡͷ̾ãԸʦһ·˳磬ȥأʦΪӷϴˣ
ԬɼһӦ¶һüƵЦ˼֣Ϊһȥ꣬أʦС¾ˡֻǲн磬ɽһǿΪ𣬸óʱͳ֣Ҫԥ
ʦ̵ֽСܽˣ
Ԭɰ˰ֵ㲻ʲô̵ֻˡʦ״ʦҽӦڣ˵㽣Ѿܸߣû㹻ΪȴҲӲھؽ¥ȷʵһȥĥᾳ磬ЩôֻõԼȥˡ⻹طҲʦƼһ£һʵ֮·ļᶨܹնа֣һħߣʦҲȥʵսõʦȴдɾͣбǺɽڣֻ⽣ڣЩ죬ʮֺȴҲܵõôֻʦ֮ȥммǡ
ԬԸһͷһȣû뵽ԬѾԼ뵽ôࡣæֵлʦָ㡣
ԬɹһЦָ㣬վָֻ㣬һ鶼ʦԼȥƴĥ³ʦĿԴܹжɾأ
һʦ
ˣʦ̫ǺȾҲ˲ʱ䣬ȥˡ˵ţԬɻ˻֣⽫һ˽һٳɽⱼȥ
ĿԬԶȥһҲصԼլԺֻһȴСս˽صһ¡һһƣƾա


 ǰȥǬ
ڶգ⾡粻С׵ӰһҲȥѰ֪ǺӲȥȥŪЩȥˡϾЩĹʵ붼ĸУŪȻڿࡣ
ǰԬһҲԴĦԼ֮ĵ·зţ·ǰһΪɣΪ޷зҲȽϹΣȴǸг̡
˵ɣСĿȾ˴˵нֻ֮ħ֮ˣǰ̤ɵĵ·ϣɵͨһֶʵʵڵĴڣɵ̳ǰҲӽӴ˵ĴڣȻûܣȴʵʵĴڡ
οΪɵڵıڵӣСΪǿʦ֣ɲĳϣؼʱܹĽһһ˵𵤻аʦĿܡɵ֮·䲻˵̹;ȴһķȷĿչǰǰָ·֪˶
ֻЩȴһеġ˵ӵеģ˿ܻи࣬á˿·ϣûһơ󽭶ȥԾǧʱ⣬֪ǰűǿĵģõĻĻԵȴɵֲڤڤʱ䳤֮Сһкĸ˵Լܹˡ׷ɵǰĵ·Ҳ˰ɡ
˵޷һɵΪòһƬҶǱҶ֮еġ䡯һеԺĿֻ̨һ֪⡣⾭෬ŬʶͨڣԼһֱ˰Ūĸоˡ
ȻΪⱴҶ̨⡮䡯һн磬սʤ֣ոСףնɱǽڵ츣ո붼ǿħսѪӣԪһ׮׮һԲɵ飬ȴǳɹˡ˵һнյĳɾͣųɶҪ鹦޷𣬹鹦ǱҶ͡䡯
һڣ޴һʱȽ൱ڡڡġڡȻĩʶͨ⣬ûʲôǿޱȵͨͨǲûȫʶͨҮʶͨĦʶ©ͨһĴڡ
һԻ͵޷𻭾ոǰչһǣ˭ԸһȻҲܣ֪ҪͷأҪߵĲΣ޷Ǿܸġ
ɻ޷𣿡ⲻʱĻصͷһѵѡֻһĵض𣬹һЦѡʲôѡģֻɵһɷͬޱˣ
ˣӻӣлĽٻ򿪱ǰ˵֮ǰһվ粻ͬⲻͬٴν⿪һֻ泩ࡣȻ˵Ͼߣһ˿ɵĸоȫ
޷һƿƺٲܿȻħȶ硣һֻʱ¡Ԭʦ˵ֻȻ˲ͬɵվޣοڱ֮ǲ¶޷ֶΡ֮ڱС
˵ǰĿ꣬һһЩһ׵ȴǽ򽣵ڶľһ
һʮգһû߳ţһжǰġСҲԲֱʮգ֨һ죬һ߳ţйСףһͬȥȥˡ
һսһҲСЩЩʦҲСôһλٹʦܡһҲЩֱӷլԺٴαչزһֱ˵ʮգٴγأҲ˵ʲôֱȥ˾ؽ¥񻽳򽣵ڶĻΣһһΣսҹͷһٴһС׽ǻκ÷ա
֮ˣСƢһ㣬ҲһԸⲻԸ⣬ûڶоĻΡսһһҹһһ֮ͷ­ЦõǣûʲôֱӱƳŻ
ǰڵŻһȴûٽȥĴ㣬ˣ˿ȴǿڶˣǿȥѰʦ̽һ֮ˡ
˾ؽ¥һլԺ֮УϢһڶռԦ㳯֮һר˾Ʒ֮Ǭɽȥ
ԶԶǬɽһ֪Ѱ״ڣ˵㳯ǬɽɽȥɽһɽŶӵס
һһǰֻɽ᲻ͬһᾹȻһ̴Ѹʣһɹɻ̴ð˳ɼĲˡ


 żȻʶ
һ֪涨ȻˣȻӦҵûĵطȴûˣʶҲԸһҡ½Ƿ󷨿˿һС
Ƭ̣󷨴󿪣һ˳һ´һȻǱٹʿɻʦɽӣ
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󺺼ƣ֪٣ΪкԭɽʦܣǾͽ˵ɣ
һҡͷСܼʦּ£ѾմˣʦҲûʲôҪ飬ֻǷʦָָ·ˡ
󺺿˿ð̵̴ѣһЦ⵹ڶֻ֣мСŵطƼȻʦܲϽ˵˵Ҫָʲô·Ҫ˻Ҫȥʲôط
һԵһл״ʦֻ֣Ѱ·ʦָ֪һ
һ㶣ʲô˵һλʦ֣
һû뵽Ȼô죬ֻٴεʦҵ״ʦ֣˵ʦ˵Ž״ȡ˳
һæ˹һ飬½һһŵ⻹ʦӡʦôõģ
һ¶һЦֻٴεʦ룬ԱѰġ
󺺽Ƶݻ˹ֵȻˣʦҽйףŶʧ񣬻ʦܼ¡ϹҿĽʦ־ӣȻʦʦֵģţǶȻʦֽãв˵ҽȥҺдһʦܹȥΣ
һû뵽Ȼȱ仯ʢȴԼˣȻþֻܾùŽ档
һȥ£˲ˮʹ̸֮УһȻ׶״Ľ֮ģ״֮ȴܹԽڵΪƳƷӽƷ
Ҫ֪ѰʿȻܹԼһӦķʦƳһ㶼ǽϵƷܹƷײ˴ˡҪƳƷķǱרŵʦѴܹƳΪӣѶԽһȻܹƷֻƳһƷ»ǵ׵ĴڡƷǱȽʦܹƳˡƷǱǽˮ׼ܹﵽģʦ˴ҲпƳƷܹнӽƷֻʦˡ
ʦʦһ㣬нΪһȺˡ˶ԸĴڡΪƵķ֪ж٣Ƿ˿¾͸ࡣνһӦֻҪҪ鷳ԵľͲһʦһȺˡ
״һҲȻˣΪʲô״˵û˸۸Ļ
׽״һƺ֪ɻʦѵ֪Щô
һЦʦʦҲһ֮ԵǵʦշǰǴлġ
ŶԭˣʦֿǹŵȳΪ˺ˬұ䷶ֻʦҲȻзǷ֮Ҳʦֵע⣬ɷ˵ʦҲʶʶ
еЦݣһһЦͷһת֪ԼȡЩҲȡˣųһɽȴǵƵǶʮ󷨵𽣡
С׾ʦƷ
׽ӹȥҲֻһٻָһԽ죬޵ȻֻǷַȴʮ˵ãҲ
һǫһЦʦּЦˣ
ֻù׽һָȼһ⣬ڽһĨȴڹע
һŵʱ򻹵ʮ㣬ŵʱ򣬲ɵö˶ٳһһۣǺúһ㣬ż
ʮʮһʮʲôʮôܣⷨԵĶⷨЩţһԾԺУֽһնһ⻡ѽֱնһɽʯϣһǼɽʯըѿɻҡ
ŵ˵ͷ̾ⷨǶⷨתͷһЦʦôܼɽǬɽãʦһ㣬˵ԺԴﵽʦֵˮ׼
һ״Цû뵽ʮ󷨵ķô죬ֻҡͷлʦֺˣʦҲ֮
ײʿȻ״һҲָܿɽ̾ʦֶ˵㣬Ҳʲô˵ģֻǡ
ʦ֣淢ʲô£ѵ˴ˣûȹ˵꣬üӴ֮˳


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⼸ҲǬɽӣֻǹƣȴǱȹײһأȻΪǴв硣
֣׼ü˳һЦǼСӿλʦܼһԿһֶθ߳λʦܿǵ״ʦ͵ģȻɽһ֮ǿԶԶ
⻰һȺ˹һΪȻ˿һòȴɫ΢΢һܿΪһϳһЦʦֿɲҪƭǣʦֿʦһĴڣλˣ²ܰɣ
һ⼸ˣֻмЩ죬ȴ벻ˡ⻰ҲֻǶԹ׵ʦֹˣﵱʦֵֻͣʦ֮ˣ
׺ٺһЦһϵĽٴ˹˹ȥԼèܹƳȷܡ
Ϊһ˽ӹ𽣣üͷ΢Ҳһϸ־ͽУʱʮʮ
ʲôʮ󣬶ⷨôܣѵʦƵģæ
ҡͷɲʦƵģúÿַȻȴԲһʦֳ֣ӦûҪһءˮ׼Ǭɽڶ֮ҲʮѵˣλһʦƵġô˰ɣ
⻰ӽ𽣷һ飬˵ͷʦ˵ǣɽȷʵʦֵֶΣξ֤λʦΪأ
ʦһ㶣ҡͷǻ̫ȻңʦܣʦƸǿҲ֤һֶΡ
һԿЦȴֻóλʦ֣˽ȷʵֻǹʦ̫ˡ
ƣӹȻһƤһչЦȻȻܹõʦֵƣ֪ʦܴ˴ǰʦֺ£ѵʦָô
ʦ˵ЦˣθҽСʦֻ֣ǰлһ˳֮°ˣ
ѵʦ׼ˣüͷһʵ
һҲ׼̸ϣֻΪЩ׼ˣ
ŶԭˣãʦһҪ꣬ҵҲҪȥһɽԼʱһͬȥΣ
ɽꣿʦּЦˣСܻ֪£ʦֲߴͽ̣
ӹһЦԭʦܻ֪ɽ˾͸Ӧȥˣﲻڶޣܹȡʵ֮꣬黨ݣ˵ײ˺ˣһϺݣȡ˻͵ǬɽƳʱʦҲǴϸ˵һ£ʦһȥģ
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˵ӣǳϣʱѰ֮ֻΪĳϵˣѰӣֻڿɽĵطҲ㹻ѰʹˣһޣǴӴ˼áƵҩĲʲôģҲвڴ˼ɼܵ˵ߵ԰
˵԰ûһΪʵҲǲУϾҲȡᡣʶԬһֱûиһ£ֻû뵽ȴ⽯֪ˡ
ôʦܼȻҪǱ֮뷨ͬҪϺõ꣬ʺϵ꣬Ƴ빦ֶβⶥⷨأæȰ˵
һ΢΢ɣǹײʦܲǱٹڣȥȡꡣ
ԣüͷһȴǵ˵ͷȻ⵹ҲǣʦʦֵĹϵ˵ʦѾ׼꣬ȴ³çˡʦְ
⻰һֻ΢΢Щ֣һ˿ζ档ɵɻ⽯ΪʲôƫƫҪԼͬȥֻ⽯ΪߣҲʩչֻͨС˼֡תһ룺ҪɲһֻֻκôʦȡãȡҲӮûɣǲãȻǽ֮ͬȡ꣬Ҳһ£ֻҪСһЩˡ
뵽˴һڿڵȻʦ飬ʦҲòʦӣֻһʱ仹ЩҪϣʦܹƳһΣ
һӦæͷʦܷģҲҪ׼һʱġ


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Լȡ֮ʱҲˡԸҪһ״סȻ顣һŹ׳Ǭɽߴȥ
öȥǽɫһһӵʦ֣Ϊƴһɽӣûʲôϵ
ɫһΪɽӣǬɽӣȻõʦֵЩǬɽšΪҪȥȡ꣬ô
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ߺߣҪһѿ֪ô򵥵飬֪Ѷãǲʶ࣬˵Щͷ
ǵԣȻĵ˵ͷڵʦ֣ʵһǻһûи֪ʦ֡
Ŷʲô飬˵

Ƭ֮󣬽һԭˣԭܺãǲԩҲͷû뵽վȻҸˣƻ͵ñһˡ
ʦ֣ɽӣʵȻȻΪߣ˵òأ
ЦǬɽսȻǿҲЩֻ֪赶ŪǹçܹģֶΣһԿֲ֪ΪҲ֪ôġ
⻰ҲЦѾһԿ
ڴ£һȻ֪׷˰ʱ䣬һǰ
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ǰĶһֻЩϴµȣʯڶͨ죬̴Ӳ֪ųǬɽϲû̻𲻷ּңҲ
ʦܣʹӦܹͨʦֵģײѵ
һԣһעУȻһͨ͵ĳһƣҲ˶󷨽ƣֱӳ֮зȥˡ
ΣùЦ״˭ˡ
״һǰһļʦôЩʱղŹʦҺõȰ
һЦСܽɽøλʦʵ߳ɵҪֱ׷һϣʦֵȵþˣʦּ°
״һЦ££һԬ˽ס˵þҪȥأʦͺð
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⻰׼ޱȣܹʦʦԣʮѵõĻᡣ֪մһĹ⣬֣ײɵóһмĿһۡ
һǰһ붴֮СⶴȴʮֿޱȣǻΪǿƣһ˿˿ȵϢ涨ȻǿĻ棬Ρ
״Ҳûжӽܣֱӽ˴֮Уռʮɼһ޶³ʱǾ޶Ƕһһ㣬һһ״˵Ƶķˡ
ʦܿ쿴ɽҸԬƵķǵƳƷֻǳĲȴʮģŪŪһƷˣʦˣøʦֶܿΣǾͱˣƷˣҲ˵ܲ塣
⻰һֻͷû뵽Ϊʦ־Ȼ㺢תһ룬⻰ȴ˵״ȻܹɵİƷʣƳɶƷǶƷƳƷƷ˵±ѰܹʦҪǿһء
ۣȺ֣һȻôһ仰Ȼ֮ǰľԬɷʵʱע˾ͽ˺ϹϣԼʶҲֱܷͣԬɵʵദ֮УȴǿóԬȻ˾ͽѵõ̳ȴҲʵ˵ãԽڵʵܹס𵤺ڣ۷ΪĻƵǣҲ˵һ״һʵҲ˵ʦݣͲѰܹġ
뵽һ˸֮̾࣬ʵ뷨ֳ˼֡
ʱ¯ǰƷķһܣȻҪ¯״һһȻУ˫ƳǷȥ


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ʦܣʦҵֶΰɣ״һЦ˫Ʊû죬һ˫޴͵ĳǰƷȥ
Ǳķʱ׻֮ɵıһ˫Ƹ䣬ٴ뷽֮Сڴʱ״޶֮ϣ˫ȭȻͬ޴һ㣬Աȼٶȴֻöȴңͬһɻӡ
ʱһһԵĹ̾ǧʦֵַԭǧѹַԶʦֵĺһ
һɻظǧ
һףæЦŽ͵ʦܲרƷҪַ²ַ֪գ
ʦָ̣
һԼҲǿһ⡷ȻԿ˿伮ܹ֮Ƴϵȷ붼ˮҵֶΡ໥֮䲢Ŷܴﵽʮ־ˮ׼ˡҪ˵ж˽⣬жߵ츳ȴǲһġʶùἰȻԳݵĸо
׵˵ͷʦֵǰҿɲ˵ָ̣ʦԷ˵һʦܿҰʦ֣ܵʦֵָ㣬ʦܺܿһ;гġ
ױ˵߳״һۣûֹ˼˼·ʦƹⷨȻһֱ̣ʣ壬ע󷨡ȻдٶȵȲһ㣬Ҫȴǰ衣ʰۡ͡ݡʦƷһֻˡۡôһ̣ҲǽڻԼԴˡڡʵûдﵽˮ׼ǲõġνʹֶν֮ʳȥ²ϣʹòϴﵽ㹻ļ̣ǿȣԣܹﵽе󼴹֮УעƵĳˮ׼Ҫ˵ֶΣһǴɣתȵֶΣֻǴಢ죬ʹ÷Χ̫խʦһֱǡֶ֮еĶֶΣųơǧҲǲϵÿһһĵطһǧΡһֶγܽģҲںθܽʡʱ䡣
ŹԼ˵ĻһͷҲԾѡڱζҲ˵״һַ뵽ÿһÿһҪһǧΣһɽôٴΣʮΣΣǧΣĴ
״Žһǧͣר־Ŀ˿״ǼҲ֪˶ʱ䣬һӴ֮дͬһ㣬˻ѣһЦȴ״ӷ
ɾųɵĶˣųɰǱԬˣ״˵˫֣Ǻ͸˫˲רΪɫ
˿ˣ״Цʦܣôʦһֶΰ
һ޵ʦֶС̾Ϊֹʦ֣һʱ˶ٴΣ
״һ㶣˵ͷʦҲַİˣҶԼĪһڴΣ
һڴΣһһǰǻԼ֣ЩʱҲʮΰˣ״Ȼٱҿӻһ㣬Ҳֲ̫ˡҲȻˣ״ܹڶƳ磬ܹƳƷӽƷо˵á
һԾ״ССһЦף㲻һ۱ܹҵַԺҡ
⻰ͷޱȻϲȴҲǵæֵлҲ֪״һҪģԼռһֶΣ࣬ҪʮԾĵлȥˡ
ȥڳֻʣ״һˡ״ٺһЦ˹ʦͶǬɽΣ֮εԲķҪʯ鵤ֲϣֹ伮ҶҪǣƴʮְȫ
״ջĻһĶǲܵģĶжȴͬǾ޷֮ټר¾̫࣬ԶҲܳߵľˡ
һֵʦʦһ⣬Сȴѡ˽ޣ㲻׼Ĺˡʦ׼Ȥһµļѧϰʦ̵ģʦֲҪΪСܣ󶼲ˣ
״Щջ㹻ˣһӦȴɫѿ˼ֱ֣̾һ֪ٱȣһԸѧϰҲûзȰ˵뷨ֻͷһת׼ڽ̵Ĺ֮Уһջ󡣰뷨ԭ̫࣬һһʱִԣԼ׻׻̵֮£ܻͨġ
˴״ǺһЦãʦҪѧʲôʦҽˡ


 
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״һ㶣Ҳ֪ûȵͼˣΪʦȶȻѲ
״һ룬ŵʦܽʹõ׼Լƣ뷨ȷʵҪԼƵĲ˳֡
뷨һҲû˿Σͷʦ˵ǣʦõĶԼƵķȷʵֻԼƵĲʺԼģӳʮϵ
״ǺЦʦҲѵãЩֻ֪ˣа֪ĥѿ񹤣ܹ˳ֵķ֣֮˵ҪԿǲѡõĹأ
һͷͷȴ뷨˵״ȻȴǾƫ֮˵ʱȻѰ˳˲֪ٱбȴҲһķʱ顣Ϊֶκķѵʱ䶼ԡꡯ㣬Լ̶ܹʱ򽣵ڶԪѪӶҪĻԵ򣬿ĥҲһܹﵽ
һڴӣ״Ҳ˵ѰһʼϸϸķֶΣעʦιȻͬϵͳϸһżֶĳ嶯ˡ
ʱȥ״վʦܣ⽲վǿͷϵĹʵȴһˡһ㿴ﻹַѡѧϰһϾַֻ࣬ǶһḶ́ѲԳ󷨺꣬Ǿɹˡ
һ˵ͷԬǷԡֻ״һһŻӻ֮
״Ȼ뵽ʲôʦûĻ棬ûУΪֽмŹɽʦֵܸ㲼һ
һԣ뵽լԺ֮һҲһӣͬػֻȻ˴ֻϰˡ뵽ѾãһҲ̰ͼͷһңӦ㹻ˣͷʦֶˡ
ǺãʦͿɣҪѧϰʲôַ㻽һҼչʾˣ˵ţ֪ͳһںʯֱ֮У˫һץһƣǻ͵ĴʯŰס
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״һȭһȭĺȥǺԽԽ࣬ԽԽܣһʱ䣬һҺȻֻԭ߳ɴСҲڴʱ״ȭٶͻأļӿʮȭͷϴӰȥǽٵĺ͵ĴƮСǰʱ䣬Һֻԭɣ״ȭٶ˴γֱһֻԼֱҺֻԭɵʱ״һЦȭټӿ쵽һһľأ˿ֱҺֻԭһɡ
״ͣ°ͣĲ˵ǧ͵ǿȻ̫ǿˡ˵꣬һٺһЦʦɿˣ
һƤ˶ʦֶιȻʦֻԼ˰ٶͣǧȴûпˡ
״˵ͷҲǧ֮еһһʽȡɣʦֻбٹΪܿٶѾʲôĵط㽲һ˵öʱյʮ͵ˮ׼أ˵Žһһٴνʾ
֮һ״ɽȥڷɽϣɵø֮̾Ȼ˵ܹƳⷨȴΪ̫ˣͲ˵ˡҲ˵ϣѵ㡣ĥһ·͵öˣ
пһһ侲૵ȻãҪΪͻˡ
صլԺٴլԺֻǴ˴βȥؽ¥ҲȥǬɽһ̳֮ȥ


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Ԫһ֪Ҫ;ʱɽѾаʱ⣬ԪӤԪһ˲ٵҩĥҲעȻ˵һܹվһ̶ȣӦÿԳˡֻǻһȥһˣϣܹã͸аˣ
һһ·ȥһƬɽ£ɽһʯһ˿˿Ʈ
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ƣǵ΢΢ԾһһŵԭʦѾ뱾ڳΪӣ˱㲻Ҫƣǰȥˡʦͨħ߰ɣΪʦ֣һʦܣ֮·ͬħߣֱָģģȻΣϲħߣ֮ȴֺһã˵õҪЩʱֲ
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붴ߣû֮еǹҲûȻĸֻþֻǼ򵥵һͨǰԼŹƺһյ͵棬ŻƵĹԣǰĵ·һ㡣
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ѵʵ֮·ȻܹģԼܣһ˿СȻ뷨Լһ˿ţȫȫ˿ٴͷ֡
ʱһʲô˾Խǲ룬ľԽ࣬һܣһ£һһεͷתҶ޹̨⣬ľƬС׵Ĵڡн֮һδɱ¾̸Ļûɽʱһδɱ¾ŰմȴŬѧ顣ԽǾصͷֵĴԽ࣬ͷڲϢ
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һ췭ظۿȻԼһŴϣǰһٸڴߣƺʲôֻ˫ĿЩףỨ΢΢¡ĸȻˡ
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ĸȥƬ̣һӰ˽Ϻټ˭ˡϺܼҹĳһүˣ
һҪ˵ȴǻģܹ˵ĳֻһɵû
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һĻǵʵ֣һԼ֮·顣ͷһͷϢзŭоɥлɣзһ˲䱬Ƭ̣תһᶨͷճ֡ҪסңҪǿҪǿ


 
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ǰԼĹһ̾ʵ֮·ôգǰЩһҵѡƫУȻڴ䷲ҲúȲˡ
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ڶʵһ׼Ӧ췭ظı仯ʱһжûз˵ûз
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˲䣬ġԼȻһҪͬھǴ󺰵Ϊ˱סңȥɣ
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Ŷ¥ӵ棬˾οع⣬ԸͬӵܵǰӣһҪϻΣҵʾǵңҶȻưոݡ
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ӹ΢΢һ̽澹Ȼнʯ㹻ʮһƷٻôЩʯ˵Ҳ㲻ֻ̫࣬˾ȴҲЩ۵ġ
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⻰ڶУֻޱȴ̶һʯȻûо֣ı֪Ȼ١
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һмĿһۣɱ˷Ż𣬼°ӣԼģܱȲڼУԼǮĿ찡
ʲôˣһƽǱ˵Լ竣˼нաһ⻰ֱӷļɻ䣬ʱƣҪ˵ǹʹֱ̧㳯һ
µѲҪæ־ҪأٶȴǱȲŭ֡
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ʦֺÿڲţڵҲ˵ɰ׵ģʦΪԬʦڵʱ㶼һأ
µ˵˾æӿڵҪ⣬Ҷ֮£ؽ¥㣬һǲң
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УһЦץһƱһŵߣ
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һƷζ£΢΢һЦȳֵС֣Ƿһ㣬Ȼ򷢱ˣ
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չһӣΡһ֮ˣһ֣ϼ¼ϼû·
ҪôС̴΢ţһŨ
һ΢΢һЦȻӦȻҪ
չ¶ܹԸôС΢죬ЦЦĵ
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˿״һΪһ⣬ʹĿڵ
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˿չЦֳܿü磬Ҫ˶ô˿˵˿ְ
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ȻʦܲԸ⣬Ǭɽ˵˾ҵСӣϼһҲǬɽҪˣ
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һŶһװģĵ˵ͷԭһǲʦ±԰ɣ
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˾֪Լ˵һһϻ˵ԼѡһŻɣ
һٺһЦû뵽ʦżҾ͹˵ţһŻС˾ͬŻ֮С
Ż֮Уһչ¶һУۻ㣬ɽʯĳȵڶʵ࣬һԼԱ
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ֻһ˾ΪתǾűɽӰҲɾȥֽһǾűɽ׷ײһֽӰ֮С
ɢȥǷɽһֽӰǵûɢȥԽתԽ죬иı죬ɼٶ֮죬֮͡
ʦܣܰҵĽ֮Ҳ޺ˣ˵ţ˾˫һţǽֶʱű㳯һն˹ΪĹнֱն˿ʮһһأȻһҲһֺ
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ʮù⣬׾Ž
ֳ׽ٽһƣŵ糤һ׽ٽȥֱӾŵ׽Ǿű׽ɽʱȼ׹žҴܣƾȻһ㲻ѷɫ
һβɽС㣡˾ԼĽű̽жãŽֱӳһ׷ɱ
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ն𣡡
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һ׵ҫһ潣ɭȻȻײһһƷɽһϺȥ˾ҧгݵĿŽ֣һĳһѹ˹ȥ׵֮ƿ֮ʱһƬ⣬⣬ݺύѤ
ȴ˵ʱվս˼զ಻ѡΪ˾ܹʩչ⽣ģ⡮ʮù⡯֮һ˳Ծѡ
ǶĿеľȻ޽ΪȴڳߵĴ֮һȻܿ˾Ϸ磬ݺСӣϧ¥֮һɱ˶ã򡭡ߣ
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˼ҪɱˣûʲôҪɣȥٺЦ
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ȥһаɣһͷһ˫һһ˫֮籡Ȼըһ̽˾ߵסæ˳
һ̾ɨȥ˾һЦӵõô䣬һʹǣ
һֽЦһֶ֣ΣҪҷ䣬ȴҪ˾ʦܲһУʮù⣬ʮһ󽣣
˵ţһһУű׽׷׷׵׽׵İ£һ׹Ҵܵɳ׽
˾һ;Լ޵УЦǵС
һҲŭЦǼһΣ⣬׽˵ţֵջ֮һ׵֮ʱһƬһ˴һǿеġ׽
˾һʩչȻȫܣͬʱһġһУһ˿ΣյζȻðգŭһͳŽֳȥҪһ֮佫ܡ
Ҫֹˣһ΢΢һЦ׽ɣٶȱǰʩչһ벻ֹ򽣵ڶõĳɹ


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ССıٹڣ˲һΣѵΪܹŤתǬôҵĽֹ⽣ֽ볹ɨɣ
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ʱ˾һչʾʱ׶Է½߾ȫҪԼڡءˡ
ʱͷǵûһĵǣϲ⣬Ƿƴķ񡣸ǿĽ˼䲢û֮ȴƺҪԼһ˿һ˿Ǳܡ
Ϊףټ¡ţԡ֮ãȻȻ֮ٷһҫ⣬ʮù⣬ٽ⣬ǧ⣬⡭֮УһȴǾ侲һһ佫⽣ھķ
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Ѱ֮²ͬǵ壬ԹԡڶĶ˲Լ
һһСȻǡ⽣֮еĴԼվΪޣ֮ǰʩչҲûܽһ֮ӳΪһȳǱЩɽˣ߶ȫǿǿ֮һ
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˾ͽƴڣ뻹ǿ򽣵ڶĽ򡣵Ӳƴ£ĲȴڸΪĲࡣȻ濴˾ƾУ֪Լƽ˾ȴϢƳֺܹܾá
ʤ֮ʣһͷȴʤܣһ顣
ѵҪˣѵˣһβӦô򵥾ͽѹ㹻㹻һϰ̨ʱܸоһһͻƵν벻ȡк󻼣һͻƣºдѡãˣΣһҪͻƣ
Ϊ֮һ˾ܸͬо˫ı仯һ΢׹⣬ͷݺݵ뵽λô򵥾ȥҪһ֮ʹϵƤһиʹܽͷ֮ޡҲɱӺЩСҵˣΪ
˾Ÿְ취һʱ򣬺ֱ۳׵˹ȥǰǽС׵ڴʱȻһ˿ָǱơ
ôܣﻹעУ̷ҩҲˣǵȿٻָĵҩҲûУܸõѵܣЩȻһǶֵⷨƷοΪôһӮ͡
û˵꣬׵֮һĿ׽ٽʮ
һʮ֣ÿ³һһɢһ׹ע֮Уʹǹһءһʮ֮׵ʱһС֮ûзɽĴڣһֳһ׹⻯͵һޱֺ֮˹
ܣԱɽһԱʮɽֱǷˣѵôӮôһôУҲ䣬һЩֵܶ濴ţʱܴ峤УǰܸôһûĵӣɨأԺﻹҵ֮ءãҵģҪֶΣ
һһɫεϡһģȴǻһֱӴܵϡ
ۡһ죬ҲͿһɫͬ͵һ׹ѹ˵ĽȴǿסзƵơ


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˾ĿһУҧгݵһֹ⽣һ˰ʱ⣬׼ʹã񲻵òˣСӣһҲˣҾùģ
ţ˾תһɹɹ뽣֮УǽԽԽתԽԽ죬ٴȡƣ׵ݺݵѹȥ
еѹһǵϲޱȣͷãҪûѹĶ֮ȳǱ
ɣһЩɣһ˫ȫĵתʶ˼άһеһжһ۷״̬һ״̬
˾֪һ״ֻ̬һŭȵСӣӲʹ֣࣬ɱ
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һͷϲѣͬ缢ƿʵĸʮѸٵתԼĸԼá
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ЦǳĵطȻתҺĹҲǡ⡣һеƫµĹѰƷѰΨһŵ㣬ͬҲȱ㣬ǾûԣûнľˮԣҲûз׵ԣҲ˵ʩչֶΣͬܵõκμǿ
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һӿڵʦȥԣϾʦǵһͷΪúʣҵҲ뿴ʦֶΣú̫󣬷׳⡣
⻰˼ȻҪһʵһͬΪѵĳһ˴ʦǰȴһţʦҲЩʦܼ¡ʦֵҲ뿴ʦܵʵʦ㿴
һϷ֣˲ɫ»һ㿴еֻǼ֮֮ҽ˵֪׵ڣҪġ΢΢һЦʦֲΪѣ˳飬ȻλʦҪСȻȴ֮ˡ
ɫһϲʦܷģҵȲɼϣȡ޶ǰͷ䣬ʦܳȡͷޣһжʦģʱͷ֣Ҳ֮á
һͷЦԭˣͷСܰˣ˵һݣ㳯ͷ֮˹ȥ
һǰȥתͷǼ˵˵ͷڿ佱ǰһϷ
ʦ֣һȻɹѵԭƻôһʵ
üͷһ壺ȷʵû뵽²СӾȻܹͻʱԭƻܲûÿʵΣʵȴ㹻ǿԭƻͲˡһ¼ƻԭƻá˵ţǹһ˿Ц


 
ȴ˵һɵŲΣͷ˺ĵط˹ȥھͷԼĪʮɵĵطѰһôͣ̽ͷ޵ͷ˿һĵƣתͷȴǼ̱ɫ
һ˫һУǹһ΢ЦȻйŹ֣û뵽ԩ޳𣬾ȻҪҡ˵ĸƤϲң
ԭ뿪һ˵ʱ򣬱㿪˶ʶֶͨͨͨʶ̽鲢ͬѰѷ֡Ƿ֮˲ޣһȻҪǵ뷨̽û뵽Ȼ룬ȻԷû˵ΪζԸԼҸıʲôƻһ㣬Ҳж϶Էˡ
˻ģк⣬Ȼ֪ˣͲǵˡֻһ˻ǵʱҪ׵ԵѰȻ㾴һߣҾһˡ
ţһתͷͷޣЦҪҵʵҾ͸ǿˡͷҲޣǰɲǵ⣬ҵĲˣͶ״ˣ
ڴʱβèǲһ״èͷһڣһ߿˹һҪ˹
һһ䡮󡯣Ҳɣһ𣬳һӣһƷɽУȻ׽ٽһ޶ֻ״СɫǼյĹƵ׽ٽиϴһͼ˵֮ǰ׽ٽ
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׵绯Σ
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һ۷ɽʱβèٶѸ٣øϵ˫צһϣֱӳһҪһʹ˺һ㡣
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һע׽ٽУߴܶݣһתɽ׹Ȼè˫צƴһǡһһҽУè䵽ϣë˫צȻԳ֮ɫȻӲƴһȴǳ˿
һҪٶԸèȴèľҲҪץסһĿ϶˻䣬ǽƻĿıǶèˡȻûèһб㱻䡣һὣԼæŴһڶ֭ҪǮĳһ˹
ͱһʶƣһת׽ٽһ׹Ƶס֭ɱ˹ȥ
ƻһУ㲻ӲƴҡͷβŨ͵һܣ붾֮С
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ˣǾҲ۵á˻˻ҽвѣһβʹȥҪ˦׽ٽ
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һһְһֵһףһԱĽֶضͷ­˹ȥҪܣ׵֮ޱȣǽ׵֮Ԧٶȷɿ졣áһǵӲնͷһ߳Ļڱѳ
ʱ¶Ȼһֻ̽׽ٽ֮ǰ׽ͬⲢ̽ɫʵ׵֮ȴһ㲻׽ٽ˷ֺϺԣܹиͷ͵ۼףӼ
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ˣʹѪ֮еҰԺͿ񱩣һ˫ѪͫɵüԲˡƴQȻ׽ٽ˦֮󣬱㳤һŴڳһ˹
һ״ϲһֿ׽ٽһֿض̽˫¾ҪնߡһӰ˷һȥԭǶ֮оȻ͵һ̣Ȼʲôö

һæת⣬׵֮ԼϽһʣֺΧ֮Ƶƿһֱӳʡ
ճһӰǾþúβèʲôèҲѧ˹ԣצһӲһ˻ë𣬾ʹһһèë̳˷
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ڴ֮ǰڵޣΪСڣһûг֡ÿζֻЩСǰΡΡŵȴһ㣬С׻צһģһʶûô޵ı
ͷޣʹñ΢΢еֲýʹõ˳֣˵ûóԸС
ԶԶһеĽ˿һжüһ˿ڵʦ֣һոʵҲϡƽˣˣӦÿ԰ԭƻС
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ʱͷﻹǰͣβèƿһӣֻʣûнˣǾһƤţѾˡ
һ΢΢һЦ˵ҲͷѾɱϡ


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ҡҡͷʦܹǫˣͷģվޣҵȳ֣֪ķѶֽţʦ㣬һ֣նħʵʦʹõġ⽣ǽ֮еĶ⣬˴νɽҪʦΪ
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⻰˻ĵ˵ͷ˫۶ð׹̰֮ɫƺ鲢ǵһΡ
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ͷޱһϷ֣һҲǰ˵뽯ֻȡצϷϣһ˳һĿ걼ȥ


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ȴһڲãһβμӼеʱΪ˹ǡһ׷ֳʱ˲ʯǬɽӷķΪμ׾ʽˣǷһеֻ棬һǺ
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ڽ䣬ȴһڵͷʦȥֻ뽯ʦֽ׵֪֮ңʦԻȥ
ԻȻˣȻһûжɱ׵޵飬ҲǣëͷСô˼ϲŭϣȻΪգһͷסǡ
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һڣһȻ״ԭˣʦ֪ˣʦְ
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˴£ЦŨŨͷȴӽƻһźá޲ϹϷ֮󣬽һ£Ҫߡ
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һЦ˶һ֮ڣ⻹ǵһԵЦ⻰ȴûһ˻ͬϲ
߲ƣλʦСġ˷Ը֮ųȵҵڵӣߺˣҪװŪٳݹҵȲ
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䣬ð˵ɳԼٶȴ׷ͣһܣɰΧ֮ƣΧ롣ɢȥ¶Щ׷ɱһˡ
Щ˳֣ͷɵһЩ˾ȻһΪΪ˵ΪڣȽ񻹸һ
ʲôˣΪΧסǣѵͲôΪһͷˣȻҪں
û֮ʦֿЦΣѵֻ׼ڵô
ʲô⻰˶һ˵ԷȻҲڵӡ
˼һתֵ֪λʦΪǰͬʦֵܣαƣ󿪿ڱǣҵȶǬɽӣ鵤Ƕλʦ֡
⻰໥˿ڽʲô⶯Ƭֻ̣ʦֵԭǬɽʦֵܣǾͺ˵ˣֻһ֪λʦԸ񣡡
һ֪λʦҪʲôüͷһ壬òá
ʦֺЦҪλʦͷ֪ɷҵȰһ
ԣ֪ԼˣŪŭȵǲҪ̫
ʦװģҡҡͷ̫ҵʦֵȴʵʵҪλʦܵͷȥأʦܸĶȡͷ֮βԼȡαͷʦǷֽأ
һһȺ˶Ц·ͷЩ̽ȡһ㡣
ɫޱȣλʦѵΪǬɽģҪ󶼿ô
ʦЦݣҡҡͷλʦܿɶ֣ȻģȻҪƸλʦܣλû׼أ
һվ֮Уðͷ⻰ͷһ˿õԤ
һæʵ׼ʲô׼
ʦ˹ĴӻͳһץУչʾ˿λʦܿϵʲô
ڳ˶֣ʮ֮ȶܿȻһڵӵƣ֮ϣһޱȵķɽ
ɽӣһǬɽӾתͷһͬʱԶһķһ
һ״ͷԼסһ㶫֪ʱԽԽڣҲûн͵˼ֻվԭأҲ˫۶ֳƵʦ֡
һ·ʦܸ±ǣҲѸҵǰ޲סˣûܼʱ֣ʦְʱȻҵʦҲˣʦҪһݣԲٵġ
ʦƺû仯˵ԻĽڸνġʦܡ͡⻰ǬɽڵԶһķˣһԽԽ䱸֮⣬ʦ֮ȴ¶һüƵļЦͬʱһȷԼơ
ʦΨֲ㣬ͼӴ׵ĺվŸʲôʱ֣ʱʦܣ
ʦܡһǬɽץסһ֤ݣһŭԶԶ˿˸һ
ǽһûеװģºͣüҪɱָһȵһĹεĶǺĴɱޣȡȴǶ𱨣
һԶʱЦãҲҰˣʲôģֻƲɣƣŪͷԷװˣ
Ȼ⻰һû˵ڣûл˵ڣֻʦִһɱһȺ˱
öԷ֣һԵ³ɺޣƲɷƵԹޣǺ޼һҲˣָһλʦܣɱͽޣ
Ǭɽͬ޼ͽʱһ˳ֱӳһɱ˹ȥ
һȺ
һ֪ʱҶŭģýȥͣ˫һУͷһתһ󵨵ļƲһ뽣ϣݽֱӳʦַ˹ȥ󺰵ʦ־
һǬɽ˸ʵһͽݣֱ飬ʱһֺ
һȴˣʦϼ޻Ҳû뵽һȡͷһתΪһͷĿľһһԼֻһ䡰·㲻ߣŴһ׼ɱУһƺʦٹ


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ʦһҲɣһ˺һȺ׷ɱ鳲һ㳯ʦַ˹ȥ
ڼʦֹΧʱһǹһЦһ󣬶ݹٶ͵һһ߽⳯ʦֳ˹ȥ
ʦȻһɵģҪԼĵһáæɱʩչ˫һϣһ̳֣ס
һð֮Ͷ󣬳ģ⽣ٶ˫
ݽ׹һתۣһлҳֵɱУѸײڶٶȳʦײ˹ȥһ̣ý£һö˷ɽ׵֮Ķ飬˲۳Σʦǹϡ
һը죬׹潦䣬Ƭ̲ɢȥʦҲ˵ãæ֣Ҳ֪ʩչʲôֶΣȻܽס׹󣬳ΪǱ⣬ȴûһˡһ£׹յΪãʦֲ¶ٴ⡣
һĿĲڴˣʦַвñڵĿûѶˣ׹֮лɻɢȥһʱ䣬ʦ¶š
һݣһ΢΢Ծ˫һУȵ˾ͨʦ֡
Ϊ˾ͨʹ̽һĵף뵽һܣԬʱҪʰһ˼һ޺á
һ˾һսȴᡣ֪һй֮󣬼̴һʯ⣬һŶƽһˣһ϶ôһͬǽ𵤵ӣǴӵܵĺ̨
Գ棬ڲνӽ˵ˡǶм뵽һɹ˾֮ԹޡһǱСպвΪǿĴ㡣
Ϊԭ򣬶ҪԸһʱǱΪ飬˾̨ͨһȫμһɽ׷˳շ־ȻҪɽת˲֮ͨ˾˾ͨԴӣЩͬɱһ
뷨Ǵһ˷ֿʱ֣ЩʱգһǬɽһɱȴ񫣬ûһ뿪һʮգۼҪ˶Լʱ䣬϶һ޲ϣԼǬɽϿе鵤֮ۺ첻ѣվ֡
ΪԼһƷǳɹȴû뾹Ȼһƾͼƴݣ˾ͨŭЦʦܹȻѹҪΪжд̣ǵûǮԸ㡣ȰϷֻΪѣʦֵһһʹˣʦܾҪЩͷˡ
һһ㶣˼һתԼһһܵѡһɱ֮ĻƵǣǽԹĶתһ룬ǻƵҪɱԼ˼ôֱ࣬ɱˣ´˴γֵǶˡ
˾ͨһһѯ˭֣Խˮһȴֻǳ˼ڷеһȭĸоΣ¸һЦѵʦܾͲ֪˭ɱô
һһȻ˵Ǳ˵Ҳ뿴Ƿ¶ˡ
⻰ڣѯʵӣ˾ͨһ㡣˾ͨɵͷѻ𣬲ͳǸǿѹͷʦܺ侲֪ΪԼԬʦ̨ǾͲҶ㡣֪ԬʦȻ˵ãȴȲ֮Ǵ۸ӵĴ塣ʦǶ¼ҵһ̳ɱ㣬Ԭʦֶסġ
һŶһ˵ͷȻǶû뵽С½ƽϣһֻ֪ͬţԬʦȣмҲ竰ˡСﻹȰʦֲҪأ
㣡˾ͨΪ˵һһû뵽ǵ糣Լ˵ȰԼҪŭָһ˵
룬˾ͨȻֻǶӣڶ꣬һʵɽһ֮жŵɱһΪʮּ򵥣˵ҲǶȤζòһһ¶Էǰ˭̸֪ȴƿ֮УƶԷڰһʱ֮дۡ
뵽ԼűĿѾﵽ˾ͨҲһѴ࣬ɫһû뵽ʦܲʵ˵ãƤҲΪ䣬ϧǣվҪڴˣʦұϧ
⻰һ֪ԷҪ֣ٺһЦ죬ο˭˭أ
˾ͨһȵȻˣȥɣ


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˾ͨһȣһ󣬶ʱֽһն˹ͬʱΧһԵҲ˹һʩչǴɱһһ˹
˾ͨΪǿڵΪȴҲڵΪ϶ǽ޵ԵʣΪǿ콣ӰȻҪһ
һִУ󶯣дʣϷɽʱһ⳯˷ը˵һɽһϣݽն㿪һմһ绡һӵ绡дû뵽ɱһҪλʦһ֣ͬ˻ǿҰ
̣˾ͨһʦΪȻߣһ⽣ٷǷҵ֪磬ȻҪʦӶˣ˵ŶȵΧɱ
ôԣ˿ڳã˾ͨΪף˷׷ķһΪģתƬ֮ȻϢ֮ơĵ͵ĳһ£һңȴ·˷һ·ס
Դӵ˵һûټ֮û뵽ʱټȴǶԸԼáһ󷨱ֻͨѰŽڵ٣в磬˲ֻҪ֮ͨ仯ͨȴҲ䣬С
ʯ֮䣬һѾһ֪һ֮Ըв˵нʩչսһ׹һ©Ľལ֮е׷׻䡣ˣһվ˫ȭѵַ֣ٿҲԵΪǱ˺Χֲòæ˱ܡȻǰ˽׷ںȴֻһƬռ֮зڣҲ
һڣһȴǿ⡮󡯵ʵȡ֮⣬˲󣬱ɱ֮ԲһԵѡֻȻ֮ȴв㡣ҿΪֺ룬жŲ֮ȴԵгٻȻѵ㣬̸ͨ仯磬ֻǲ֪ʩչʲôֶΣʹϢôǿɡɱۣȴɱ㣬һٸҲһ
ôһͷ˼㱼ȥĲ٣ķҸ٣ΪҸߣϢҲƳ˳ĴΧͶУƾѰ˵ѰȥһһֶΣ˵ܹ󣡡
˼˴۷ԱȱӸٶȳĳ˹ȥһⷬٶ˽Զһһնɱȥæһ£ҪΧ롣
һ״ŲæڳһĨֻöȭͷСӷɽȥһƬռס׹ʱ˾ͨ˼ˣֶΣæͣסƣֻ̽
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һ״һ׷Ӧըһ׹֮߱䣬׹ݺϣ໥ȴǻ䳲һ㣬һƬռסǿռ֮׹ߣ֮һ㡣
һѪӳս֮ǰʯ֮еõǽԡֻǵΪǳû˴ɹ򽣷ʱһȻһ˿ȻͬѰڡ⽣ĸϸһǧӰӣһ˿Բʽ뵱׵þڡ⽣֮вôһʽ
һҪۣǿȲϱٹʱʩչ׽ȴǳ־õķΧóһ㣬˶Ŀ仯г䲻ʤ
֮һкý棬׹˾ֱͨüͣסȴ̳ȥ
˾ͨڸ֣ܿ㿴֮򡱵ʵΪɢ׵粢˵Լһһϣɱ棡˽ɽһͬ롮֮Сͬʱųɢ˷׵硣
ֻǲõ󱾾ǿɣ롮֮򡯸׹ԵЩת˵ɱ˶Ϊѡ
һ׹֮УһУǹһ˿ЦԶԶˣ͵һӽ̩׹⳯˵ͷ˹ȥ
׹⣬˾ֻͨһƴȻ첻⣬ӽնƬ̱㽫һƬ׹նϸС飬ɢȥ׹֮ȴһƬյûһӰӡ
˼æѰҵʱһɢİƴ׹Ǵ󣬺ȻըһʱĽȻû˵ˣȴһ
ǳԾȴһ̣ը׹֮һӰһ˭ˡʱһǴЦϳȴǹЮ׵֮ʵʣвֵܡһһתֱָ֮УԼһڵĵӺ
ʦСģӶң˾ͨ


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˾ͨΪߣʶӦҲ죬һϳ͵һţɳ޽һ˹ȥȻҪΧκԡ˭֪һٶȲ˽һһ׹ֱȥǾ޽㲻ܣ׹֮һ˫ɫƣ͵һģȻ޽ĵõ˶أû˿ͣĳǵӺ˹ȥ
ܹȻޱ֮һպյĳ˹ǽ˾ͨԮȵһſԸӡˣҲִУֻǴʱڽ֮УΪ˲󷽱㣬ϢʱȴİʹҪֵһȴţֻϵѸϵķ󣬳һֽԼ
һ֪ʮָһָĵһ־Ϊһ̡Ҫһ˴˴Уʲô󣬲лӳ졣ǷֶζܻʩչһȥȻֻɹʧܡ
һ֮вע˳׵֮һĩʶͨͨתӳϡһҲ˵׵֮ԿѰ۷ħȫһҲˡ
ֻһȻը죬׵֮ǻϣǻ죬ǹ˺Ӧѡ

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˫۽һг˾ֺԹޣƺûͨԼô㱻ڵëͷСɱ
±һ˰ɣ
һһһĳƣǵţɽʬֱӴ䵽ϡ

Լ¾Լǰ˾ͨͷʹ޶ˣǾ޽ԭžͳһɱ˹˼״Ҳɱ
Ҫ˲һ˱ԼѰնɱ⽣Ȼơ˾ͨ˷ɱһһЦϽըһ׹߿գֱһ
ʦ֣󷨶ˣ㻹ɱңѵҪұȽٶôʦҿʦֽ˵ãΪΨ⽣֮ѷ׷ɽҲ׷˰ɣ˫ʹȥҾ͵ûдΣ
˾ͨɱһʱһˣǾʹ˻ȥһҲ˵Լһ˶ȻĻ³ɺӿͷ˾ͨһǺ˹裬οʹգһҪʹ£ôܣɣ˵ὣһɱȥ
һһ鲻Էŭ⣬ҪѰɱһˣ˽ƽ˫⣬ͼ֮û뵽˾ͨûдӦȴ˼
ȴ˵˾ͨһ˷һǬɽӲһһͬΧɱһǬɽΪһͽɱ֮죬ɽɱûܵóѡ뵽Ҳ֪ΪͽһԷ˵ʲôȻɱŻȻԼᡣɽ޵ӵϮɱǶѱ˿ģǰȥæֱһʬһ˵Ļףһ˹һľȻնɱ˶Էһˡ
˽Ľ˼ʱ˾ͨ󺰵ʦ֣ʦ˵úãɽǬɽԩ޳ΪҪɱȥ˫˸ǺãֻҪʦԸ⣬Ҫ鵤ǶΪơֻ֮ûзΣ
ֻ˾ͨͣס⣬·˿һЦˣɱҵˣȻҲҪɱˣҽȫɱɾڳʰ㣬ΣǬɽӣȥҲӲˡ˵ţһЦҲһӳ·ɱ˹ȥ
⻰һͷáٶȣֻҪȻܹѡ֮ԲߣΪһǬɽӡȻԷԼ˼վûг֣ǰһ·ҲȷʵһڡһҲüȣ̾һһһʵھȲ˾͹ֲˣŷȥ
˵ǽ񣬱ΪһռϷ磬Լվлһ٣뵽Ļֱ˾ֱͨɱ֪ԼִˣҴʮס˶˻ǿ֧ŵľ棬Ϊ˾ͨ˵ļѸٱ
ͷһս֮УһֻԼΧ֮ڣԻһǬɽӵѹֻƣԵ᧿Σ


 
һ̡⽣ԽͨͨӳȫٶȾ죬ƸһʱΪ߳һصڵӵסռϷ硣
ڳˣǽ˼һͣ˼ǰᣬʹסһӣնһлʦܲǰӣǰǰʦҶеʦܲҪ֣˴ȫʦˣ
ǻ֪⻰ΪȻ򡣵һȴȻ֪ԷһֱԼ˼ԼԵɣԼ״֮¶ʡλĸлԼʱ˿ĸлΣһȻָԭ״ʶһҲֻŰ취νΣ
ʱȴ˾ͨǬɽĵѵɵ˲ɣޱȻǱҪɱ˾Ҳ˳ˣ˵ŸЦ
⻰ҲͰˣȻ΢΢֧Ҳʲô˼ǽ΢΢ɫΪ˾ͨ˼һյס뵽ǶԷһʼͽгһ֣ΪΧɱһһ˾ͷ˳ֻּ֣˵βСԽȥԽôԷ顣
뵽˴ҲҾʹȷΪ˲һСĴ˾ͨλʦ֣˵Ŀһ˻ǵ棿
˾ͨòǣԸһֻû뵽ô˷ӦͷЦѣ϶Ҫˣһƭ㣬ֻǿˣ
ôԣȷʵ˼һתΪ˻ﻹҪʲôƤǰһ̻һлĿڣ˾ͨײߵλʦ֣ȻǵĿһβŹǣҵȥǺΧɱ࣡
˾ͨ⻰֪ԷϹɱͬſǴǼҵݣȥֻ˲Ųй¶ܣֻίλʦܻȥˡ
ԶʱˣæʦַģǿԷ¶ģ֮ؿƿΣ
˾ͨٺЦĶģؿƿǽһɱˣͷͶ״վɣ
ÿһԼȻΪѣȴҲɴ⣬ֻҲ֪һæظʦ֣һ߳Ƕ֣λʦɱΣ
˾ͨԴһáҲٴֱӺȵλʦǬɽλʦһͬΧɱһ
֪ûѡҲæλʦܣɱһǾܱ
˿ڣͬʱͣ˾ͨһһ֣ſֱ㳯һɱ˹ȥǬɽ˺عһһ˼ʱܹһԼȻѲƶҲһ˹ȥ
һȺˣһûзĹԼ˾ͨ뽯֮üȥ㾯˾ͨһáʱԼˡһϱĶԸɽӵ׹Ȼը׹ߴܳ˵סƬ̣һݣݿս
һ룬˱˾ͨļһҧгݣǽϧǮ˼Ԫһ𣬾Ȼһȥ·סҲʹһɱ˹ȥ
˾ͨкãһֽ˲һΧסɫһ䣬һһǬɽն˹ȥ
סһȴһҽдͷһæתͷȥһʦؿڲһɽ˾ͨϡ
ʦ֣ΪҪɱʱľæʵ
˾ͨԳһ˿֮⣬ЦɱһҪɱ㣬˶ҪҪΪʲôҲ˵ôֻ˲ŻؿƿԣǶȥɣ
˾ͨ˵⻰ͬʱɽӶٴζֳɱ˹ǬɽӶʹԸһ뵽˶֣һʱ׷ˡһҽУŻȻԼٴαƭ֪ãʱͬ˵Ұһ㣬ų˾ͨɱ˹ȥ
˾ͨںССĽ񣬻Ӷɱ˹ǽƴֻñɱˣֻм֮ûл֮
ǬɽڵΪڷüˣϱʵͱȲɽӣʱǱɽ̵һɱ֮󣬺ܿڶҽУҽСǸڳǬɽӣ˽񣬱ֻʣˣһһϬţǵס
׼ƣ֪Լ˱ɣʱ˫ͨ죬ŭһҲ˶Էضץһƿһָ͵ը˿ȥֻƿ֮Ʈĩɢȥ
ô飬񾪺
ɽӼʲôֶΣһţˡ˭֪ԺȴǿЦɣǶɣȥɣ


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ɽӳ齣һ£ų׶Ҳֱӳӱ˹ȥ
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ڴʱһҽдǳ˽֮⣬ǬɽҲʹˡϵľ̶ּʱ˾ͨʻֻǹЦش
Խ˾ͨԽòԣص̤ڽϣʹ˵˵ʲôʲôã
񱻲ȵ۴УȴɲԣԼĪʮϢʱ䣬һ˷ŹЦҪ֪ʲôϾ֪֪Ҳˣ
˾ͨȻҲо֣Լ׵λ²ⲻãȻ֮ʱãѰõնһô鵤նȻ֮ͬ˾ͨԾѡЩ˷Ȼһѹֻ޵ӣȴҲͷƤ飬΢΢ɫ
ŭһ˾ͨһǿЦֹĽͷӹЦʱֹס෬ȴǷƵĽҲˡ˾ͨԸʲôüӥХһĳͷ޵ȻǱǰ档һʨ˻洫ԼɼһΣ֪Щýˡ
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˾ͨڵĸ֣һƷųʱסĿıһɱԻȥʦֽЩȻ٣ֻޣҲȥλʦܽסǰȥʦܽһΧɱȻͷѣӦû⣡
˾ͨһַףײɱһԽſϽ޵һ㳯˳ȥ˾ͨ״Ҳһɱ˹ȥ
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һ۱㿴޿ɱܣһԥĽʩųһͬʵʣֱڽϺһ󶴣һǴ֮˳ֻǡ׽Ȼ˵ãȴֲڸֵĺϻ֮Уܴ
һȴƲںֻǺٺЦʦֺα߳ŭϺõĵҩܹջĿɲֹޣ˼ļڲ̫Զ˵һͷļ޳֣λʦֵܶó޵ĸвأ
ļ޿֣ܳĵӲɵͷһ׷תͷ˾ͨ˾ͨŵļޣҲһʸףȴһλζŻȻ׶ԷڲƭԼһ߳˺סţҪˣһ泯ı׷˹ȥ
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˾ͨ󷢳ų콣Щһʱ򣬺һҽдõڶҽУһӰԶҵķɹһ޵ĵӣֻǴʱֻţһѪۣǱޱȡ
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Ȼ֪ͷɽȴɵøߣɽҲ䲻ôԶڽ֮УתǣˣҲֻհˡ
ڽɽǰʱɽ̾Ȼܲãһһ˦ʮд˫צ֮˲㽫ơ˱Ϊ֮˥߾ҪȥʱֻǺں˫һţһٶȲڵһ㳯˹
һͷܷе޾ȻܹУԺֻ֮һͷգͷɽļޣ
ʶʱɽѾӽӣһ˫צĳץ˹ȥǶڲ⣬ķͽ˾ͨͷȽ𵤵ļޣ˾ͨԾѣûܻعѾˡܹعҲҳԮȡ
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ڳ֮ˣ˭û˭ûмѪȣͬ屻̳࣬ܲˣһҲһ˿θĳ嶯ֻûнʳֻʳ̵ʲôµĳ
һˣӸǲﻹʲô󲻲һҵĴҪҳһͨ·ֻһһ̲סˣŲ·ı˳ȥ
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ӿɽ׷ͷǰɣüͷ޳˹ʶΪԵʣ˴ͱްΧǰޣɽ̣֮ȻǰסһӣҪֺ俪һڣڴʱٶȴǲһճ֣ɽ̱
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ٴնһ࣬ɽ̻ϲֱ̧ץ븹Уٴչתͷͣԭصˡ
ɽ̰ģʳһĿ⣬ֻͷһ룬һ֪ȴǺڲѣûнС״ôһͷɽвԼ
ڴʱ˾ͨȻҲҪţͷɽʮֽթ˭ȶʦܣ൱˫ٶȥ´ҶҪǺһֻᣬ飬սʦΣ
һԣȻ˾ͨΪмȴҲ֪Լֶβ٣˾ͨ˶ɽڲ࣬Ҳ׶༪٣ŵͷ˵ͷǴӦˡ
˾ͨһӦĲζԸɽȻ鼱֮䣬٣˾ͨҲǼʶĶ࣬һҲΪйоأһҲ
ɽһö࣬ʳ֪ζοϷŹˣ˶ųҳ֣뵽Ҳû˶ȻǴ󿪣ҲȲС츳վԲġʳǰԺܿĵøɾ˫צһ˦գ˷˹
жƣɽ̶ȴֻǾվԭأɽ̻ӽ
ɽ̽ӽֻаҵʱ˾ͨһȣ֣


 
˾ͨһȣͬʱһһңһǰһһ˫һ壬뽣ϣ׹⳯ɽ̳˹ȥ
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һ״Ųң˫ʱߣһ͵ĳ浯俪ȥ龡Уצ⵲סɽܡ
ɽȻûмֶΣΪļޣĴڣһֻʳλ·ֺһֻǾʰˡ
ų֮Уһⶸתһָȵ֮򣡡
һ䣬Ȼը׹һƬ֮㽫ɽΧС͵ĳݶȥҪɽ̺ɱһ㡣
ڳ˶֪һȻҪԸɽȴǾԲġȻ֮УɽµΣ׵֮Ҫѹʱ
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ɽ̸ճ֮򣬻һܣȴĵʳûļ󣬷ķԼΧͷ⣬һ֣Ѫ¶ȻҲںЩΪʲôߣֻҪʳˡ
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ͬһڣӦշ໥֮󣬸ͬʱһͼһԺ֮УĲ֮жλͼԭǰһĽȻԸɽ̣˾ͨǴ󷽵Ľͼһһʩչ֮ҲΪסɽȡʱˡ
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һɣɽ̶ʱΧ룬һһ¡ɽ̻ȤζǷн飬ǻӶצץ飬þˣɽٴκľ˻һͳ˹
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ЩϬһɹԪ󣬶ʱӫӫ⻪⶯ҲԪģæע߶ʱһƾ콣Уһž죬콣Ȼһҡͷβĳ
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͹ֱָ࣬ɽֻ̡ǽһת£ڣֱӳɽ˹ȥ
һֱֻϷˣɽ̣ǸоǰͷҡͷβĳԼвǿȳ˲οӲƴХһҪ㿪
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ЩͲܿƣҲòֵʱһޱȵĲҽд봫ɽ̲ҽʲô


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һҽУ˶ΪοһĴɱΨһܹʹˣҴ߶ķԪ١ܹʩչǿʽٲشɽ̣½һˡ
ϲʱһӰӱը뵯䵽ϡ˿ȥǳۺëɽһţֻǴʱѪۣԵޱȡ
˼ʱһʰôһͷ˵ɽֻһŵɽ̶һ˫۳ŵأΡΡſһ˫۾ɺ죬ĿˣƺҪһ˺ʳһ㡣
ʦ֣㿴ţҿʦȥɱһӼҪˣٺһЦ齣ȥ
˾ͨ״ҲûֹֻԴƲƲһƺдˣҪνһ˫ȫһХ˼·תͷȥɽ˫һ͵Ļţ쳤ХͬʱһʮǿƲȻȻǰ
һȻĿ˶ʱǰĽǵûɽ̣Ұԣͷͬʱáǳ嵽·ĵӶʱŵȥ˰۴žҪ۷⡣
ȥһ̱ҵˣɽһĵأ𣬻һڹ⣬ٶȱǰһֻ֡ת۱󣬳һ죬צϴһ˿ī̵Ϣһ¾ʹţ˳
ɽ̡ۡһУҲǰһҪƷζζУ˫צһ˺һǵʬʱƬ˦ϣɺ˫ۿʣˣ³գֱӳ
˵Σ֮ʱ֮֮˵Ȼ㹻˭ҪȥԸ⼤ŭ֮󣬸ӷޣ׷׽һҪɶݡ֮Уһ죬һű˲Ϣ֮ͲŴܳ˰֮⡣
ڴʱһúŭȥԭ˾ͨһʣǵӴˣɽ˹ȥ뵽˱仯˾֪֮ͨɣֻੲݵ˾֮ͨɽӹͬʱһƬѪʧˡ
˾֪ͨԼⲻһҪ˵ӶȻӲһƱԼһ϶վıȽԶʣµһӸú֮ܽ˱˽˾ͨޱȵ˽ͷԼҪͷһᣬﻹʲô֮ͬˣʲôʦֵ֮顣֮ȡ˷ʱͬ𣬳һ෴ķȥ
˾ͨһȻмΪˣ֪ʱֵõԼȥܣֻܹӹһ٣Դ֮²ãҲҪСʱߡ
СڣѪȸ֣β֮£ԪӤҲοССɽ̡βˣС̤ѩ޺ۡ
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뵽̤ѩ޺ۡʩչʱ䣬ʱһҵĺдתͷȥɽ̾ȻԼܣȳ˾ͨ׷˹ȥǡ̤ѩ޺ۡԵʣǱԵɣͬĿǷΧˡ
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ʮϢ֮һǿϤϢͷӹ˵Ȼͷɽ̣Ѿ˾ͨˣŻҪԼҲĳˡһڵ£ϢڲڲأƽϢƽϢʮϢ֮ɽ̵Ϣʧ
֪ʮּ飬ûɶڵ£ƽԼϢȻٹ˰ʱɽ̵Ϣٴγ֡˴ȴûǰǰ򵥣ɽΪʧһһһϢ˷ӿȥص׼ʮܹܵɽ̵ķŭ
ڴʱһȻϿղҽдǰΪɽ̵Ŀ񱩶ϢԹԴһԵĲ˿е޶ʱſϢ˷Ӷȥתһ룬һԵɣȻɽΪʧԼϢЩ
һϲͷĬŭɣɣЩ޷йˣ߰ɣ´һɽ𵤣ͷ֪
һ䷢ĵʱȻеһ˿ӵص̾˹һ춯ԽԽû뵽ؼʱȻһͷݵص޳Լ˹ٶ֮쾹Ȼ˿ѷɫʩչ֮


һ ɽ
оԽԽޣһ֪ͷԼԼܹѸٽնɱҲᾪͷ񱩷ŭɽ̡Ǹʱɽ˵ûҿƤԼڳν롣
ʱһ˼ת÷ɿ죬ܿһǰ취İ취ͷһüһУһԼɽ״ʮָӵĽɫġǵ߹ʵ֮·ͨһþʱ򣬼֮ʱижһʱ֮䣬Ӧĩʶͨͨģһͨġ
һͨĻɽӳһɽ֮壬ɽѣ򲻶ɽ۷ǹܹõǡͨĳ̶ֳϵĽھؽ¥֮У˾ͻ֮ʱ˾ɱɽֶΣñܹ
ʱһûмӳ˼Ϊӳ˶ֻҪȻᱩ¶ԼĴڡ
ֻ˫һһ֣ɽһΪ˫֮Сֱ̧㳯ǰ˹ȥһĽɽԴ˫ּ䳯ųһɫ·ͬϵһ㣬չ˳ȥ֮УƬ̣ɷΧڵ㶼ˡɽ
ʱ굽һǰɴ֪һڣɺͣ˹ȻֻһͷײʲôһޱӲĶϣϸ̽ȥȴֻѰˡ
Ѱޣǣôһط겻ȥͻỻطƵҲͰˡͷȻҲޣȴΪڵ£ǿǻ۲ߡоֻǳԾѣݵֶΣʲôϣǴʯܹһȥνվͱѰסˡ
뵽Щͷ޵ӶʱȻۣҪȥɽ̵飬ˣһͷ˹ȥ
ȴ˵һʱȴҲп಻òɽӳߵرüӲ֣ͷ֪ѶˣƵߡȴû뵽ͷ޲֪ĸûбˣĳԼ˹
ɽȻһԼʹãʹӳֹʹã¾ͷɽ̣ȫһӳֵͬʯεֵס޵Ŀ꣬˼ɶ޸оͬһ˿ɶȻ˾ͷһضݵصͨʩչĸˡ
һ֪ͷ˼¶ЦñȥʱоԽԽ㣬ȴֻò㱳ȥϵޣ겻꣬ͳүѵͲ֪ƵôʵڱƼˣðսˣ
뵽˴һȻϷӿصףֱӽһͬڵһƬطһԾѣⲻͷɽʲôʱͷ˼׷ɣѵˣǷңǷңȻô򵥡ӦͷޣѵҪôӻǲء
ʯ֮䣬һվǾһɽ˻Ϣ񣬱ǺϢֹͣƻһʯڵصסͷȻҲеɽ̵ʱԼӶݵǰﻹ˵һʩչݵ֮ͷܡ
ɽ׷һͱףеиСڵصף̽˹ԷҪӣϷ֣һ˫צĵأһ״ĸӵص׷ڶңʱضɽҡ֮䣬Բʮ֮ڵ㶼
ͷ޸оһ𶯣ǻŲ·ֱӳԶȥɽҲһ·׷ȥĻ֮Ƥľء
оԶȥһſͨͨ̽˳ȥȷԼȻֻһɺȣɼɽ̼ز㷭һܡԲ֮ڣһЩŵıӵޣȴǲɽ̵Ӱ
һȴͷһ΢Ϥȵ󣬻ҳҰƤȡ̶һǿ
𵤣ǱڵĽ𵤵ӣһӣܸ𵤵Ӷϵģѵͷɽ̣
һ˼䣬һޱȵĽ֤ʵ뷨ͷϣϤױϢҲ͵һ촫ϢȻײһ𣬿ǽ𵤵ɽ̶һˡ
һˣǳְæǼţǽ𵤵ӵΪ죬ƺˣԣʦ֣˭ѵѵһͷһСĽͨ̽˳ȥ߿һһƴ
ҲͰˣɽɣˣһҲ㲻ǺϢȻԼɱ֮ĻƵǡ


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Ƶǳ֣һͷһ£ôѵɺϣɺϣΪҶѵҲڼңԣʵʱԳ֣Ҳõȵôѵ˾ͨԣ˾֪ͨͨ˻ƵǣҲòԼɱˣǾֻǶˡȻ˫رգһ˾ͨɱһȻ֪̽ƵǵĳԹ赶ɱˣǹݵģ
һһ²ѾʵƵǰΪɱͨϢҲǶԭ׼˾ͨôһӣ֪ƵһĳԹֻǱϣԸΪ𵤺ڸֵĻƵ̫ϸ𣬱ϾֻнΪ˾ͨ˵ڻƵȴûʲôԼ
˾ͨԼʱ䣬ʱ䣬ȴɲϢŲòֶΣһɽϢʹ·߸֪˻Ƶǡ
ȴ˵ƵǶɱһ˼ȴûƽϢֻΪͻƽ𵤺ڣһֱûлᣬҲûоܴ¡εõϢƬ̳ɣֱӾͷɵһƬؽ硣һûôһͷɽ̡
ļᵤ޶ʿ˵һѣڻƵȽ𵤺ڵĸ˵ȴһʿɹ۵ĲƸһö׶вСļֵ˵ɽļᵤ޲٣඼һ֮ڣһɱʱ򾪶Χޣ˵þñȺ³͵ʴסôһͷ䵥Ľᵤ޾ԵΪɹģʹûƵԸʱſѰһ飬ҲҪһͷŪ֡
ͷɽ̣һ޳ȴ˻Ƶǳ֡У峤öһƵǱɽ뵽һΪҲ˻ƵǲͬǰϢŹޣͷͳƵ˹
ƵǼԼû֣ͷɽ̾ͳԼ˹һһȡʱһһ޾㶷
Ƶ̫ɽӣ̫ɽǾսۣɽӣɽ൱̫ɽǿ֮ȴڱ仯˵ķӦѵķʩչƵŽ𵤺ڵΪ̫ɽһҲһ仯Ī⣬ʵȻʮǿ
ȻƵǣɽ̾ҪԵƽ˲١ȻͷɽܹɱӣʵΪֻļڵӣ൱ʿȻƾһʵǿѰ𵤺ڵʿ֣ԻƵȴ֮гľӢȴǲһء
ֻãƵգ䳤ӭҲ֮һɫɽ̺˹ȥ
ɽȻܹٶȴȲýʿҪ׷ƵȴҲ׷ֻЩͬҪǮڻƵǵĿ³۾һ㣬ֱӳɱ
ЩҲǲܣֻܻԹԹצ˺ѣֻӲסһӡ
ϸûֱ˻Ƶһ˵ķ㣬ɽҲû׷ɱһ޵磬ֻ۴еĳƵ˹ȥȴǱˣ˵׷ɱƵǣһ붼첻
һ֪ǰ׷ɱԼޱ˼Ūڹ֮䣬ͷȴûһ⡣˵˫໥ɱܾ˲кôõ˫ͬھͳ׵İȫˡ
ɽ̲еʱɽڱƵǴ÷һҲ취ֱ忹סȴһţһöԲӴӿ˳һöϻɫɫɫ໥ӣȴûһңԵʮֺг
ƵǼ״ȵڵøƴҲ鷳ȡڵ䷲˵䣬ϾȻһһһʰ쵵Ĵֵճûڵץ˹
ɽ̼ڵҪοûƵǼ򵥵ȡߣһХʱضɽҡܱ֮߰ڣһƾǵ־˹ȥһָܽӽڵ벽ϵľǷ賤һ룬ͬ߿һ㣬ƵǴ˹ȥ
ƵǲϲָУߣиǴ룬롣
û뵽һöڵȻܣܺãܺãļֵҲֵҳˣɣ׳ڵɣ
ƵǹһЦ˫ǰһϣдʣƬ̣ȵ
һƾЩľһմȾʱȾһ㣬˷չȥת˲䣬һƬ賤ľľ䣬֮㻯ɻңǿδȴҲϨ㣬ƣøԶ
֮Уɽ֨֨У߶һɹľ֮⣬͵ĵص׷һһ׳ʮɵ㶼վȻס˻Ƶӡ
𣬺øϻ۵ޣҪҶ̫ˣĿһЩɣ
ƵǿЦѣҪ𷨾ʩչʲôЦȴǸȻΪɳ֮УһӰһɱ֮Ӱ
ʱһɳУϳ˿ЦǿЦǡʧꡱᵽˡ


 ׷ɱ
һƵǼΨһŵɱӳˣŭڡ
ûƵģһֻ亹ֱðСײߣԼֲ֮УΧûܹġԻƵǣһֻ׵ĸ򡣶ΪĲ𣬼޹бҶŹֻǿаħƵǲħʿơʶʩչܶʱ䣬Ҳֻһˡڡ⽣Ȼ˫ΪʵĲʹýѸһҲȻ޴档Ҫ߶첻
֪Ͷ·һ֪ûӲƴʱһ߰һӲͷƤƵǹ˹ֵɽһʦ֣֪ʦɱޣȴǴˣʦæǣСߡ
ƵЦصĺһߣûôףɱ֮𲻹죬統ԣûܱס㡣
ƵǹȻû֤ݵɱ֮һæڵʦֺαˣ֮޹ϵηҪأ
˭룬ǻƵǹһЦҶûйϵҲ֪Ҷйڣɱ˶ɱ˵Ŀܣǲ֤֤ûɱˣһƵɱһǧҲŹһ˭Ҷ͸ҵģģҶ˶ˣʣһذɣҲһʹģϽȥһҶɣ
һüͷһ壬ȴû뵽ƵɥĲ񣬾ȻΪԼӵǣ޹صˡʱѱλΪԩһ˻ƵһۣһЦĿԼͷƵɥĲǰβɱңԬʦֹȻҺ޵˹ͷңһгˣԷҲϧλῪھ˵أѵ
ţһתͷ˿·Ϣɽ̣ʱɽ̵ĴڴʱȴԼı
ƵǶɽ̳֣ȻҪõɽ̵ڵͻȻ֣ȴڲԸԲҪء˿䲻˵ǿиɣٲһԸң˿һһúƻŵӳ죬ֻҪصɽƵηҲɱҡ
һ˼ɿתܿƲһߵƵǹ˹ֵȻʦô˵СܽһˣֻͷԸδˣ֪ʦֿɷСܰˣҲ֮Ը
ʱĻƵȷʵһ룬Ϊ˵õһöڵڳԸһŷԶֵ뷨Ҫһءһ⻰ΪԷƾȻӦٺЦʲôԸ˵˳֣Ұ˾ǣǲ˳֣ߺߣ͹ֲˣ
һԣһǧлڵʦ֣ʦҵԸǡһɰǧһΪĳ˷׷ɶȥһֵ׹⽣һʩչС׽ֱӳƵǺ˹ȥ
ƵǱ˼ѹɽ̣ΪһԸ뵽ȻʱͻȻѡ鹹ɡ֮򡯽Լǡ׽Լ˹Ƶŭһ𷨾һ˦û˹
һӳͨɽһʩչûָܹɱ˻ƵǣֻҪܹӼĿˡݻҪӶݵ˲䣬һüģɳʮٵڣǴķġһŤһۣȻһ򵥵󷨣ġˮ󡯡
һƣˮ󡯻ưô곯ȼľȥʱ潽С룬Ȼδɽ̳ҲѾ㹻ˡ
һ죬һȫ߶⣬һ㳯ɽȥֻƵǵıɽ̵˻ȻӲ壬õֶΣɽʱá
ȫ߶⣬һٶȼﵽʿܹﵽĶ壬㹦򣬱ɹ˽ɽѾңңҪһʱһĺӺ洫
һӲһҪһҪ
⻰һÿҲ֪ǻƵ׷תͷȥȻǻƵǼԦŷɽԱԼһٶ׷ǰͬǣϷãɼȻΪ˲ԼܣٶԸɽ̣һۡ
ڻƵǸʲôۣһû˼ȥܣֻ֪ԼܿһӵɽԼľĴۡ
⣬һҫ⣬ʮù⣬ù⽣ݣߣһһԪ˳֮ٶʱƵǵٶԾһߡ
ɽңңһҲֱѡɽҲǰɽĸطһͷС


 
һһͷɽĻɽ֮УڣǴû˿˽ȥоĻƵǾȻɽ׷ᣬͻŲ·ǰһɽ꣬һɹɽڶȻǲ֪ʲôطΪнڣȻ˵ĵطһת㳯˹ȥ
ɽ֮Уһȫͬľǰɽ֮У˽̽խ󽣣ϸȵȲһ㡣Щһͬص㣬Ǳûһõģмѣ⼣߰ߣ治ʱҫһ󣬾ȻǽƬ
ЩϣһоһȻζһΪһǵصϢն⽣ⲻܽɽԵʮʪһȶĿ𣬴Щнƺǿ綼һڿЩϽǵ־һ㡣
һտһУеԼµ׽ٽ΢΢ƺǰսսĲҳһ㡣
һʱں׽ٽʲôӦΪ˼̫ԶһƬɽ꣬Ϊصɽ꣬˵ˣһ㻨޶ûУطֻнΨнʲôûС
ô⵽ʲôطôû˵һطɶɶѵҾҪôУϽߣ˵üݣ֮
ӷɽϣͷһһ󣬾ͻһ̳ȥ
֮Ҫܣһ
ʱƵǸϵһĻʱŭһ˫͵ĳһģǵ
һʩչݣոһ֣еתһ𣬾Ȼ֮б˳׷ɵУʱҵЩϽϣҪԸСĿͷ
涼֪ԻƵǵֶΣԼ֮ӲˣڽݣǾ͸˵ˡ
ʦ֣ѵҪϾɱǱɽѵͲ±֣㲻ֻ֣Ҫһг˲ܸо˴ɽУϸֻת˲ʱҲӲ˵ûɱǶӣɱˣýʿ𵤺ڵĸ֣ΪɱôһСӣͶǰ̣ɾֵôֻҪʦ鵤Ӥʱǳ֮ѵҪͬھʯ٣
Ƶüͷһ壬ܿٴ֮ɫݺݵĵû뵽СӻôпڲţҪʧˡɽʱ仹̣²֪ʲôطɣҸɣɽĺɽڣΪǽ֮ʲôɷĵطǶϹŴУס⽣ڣûˣƽʱʮҲһ˻һˡ뿴ܿɱ㡣ڣڣǽķĹСӲôҲл᲻ᷢɱ㣬ɷģ㿴ʲôɱ˲ң
Ƶ̧һףһöɫɫ֯ĵ˳󣬵֮һͷ޴˳ɽʲôֻǴʱɽЩͬѪ˫۱ûɵģһϢҲԵЩ˥ƺܵĹһצŵأһҲ
ʲôѵոޣԣⲻޡ
ƵǹЦⲻޣͷɽ㲻˵ɱᱻץסôģɱĲңͷΪ˸æƺãǻҲѪأֻҪ㱻ɱ˭֪Ҷ֡Ҷ֣ᱻ˺ĸоøе˰ɣ
ŻƵ״ӣһ˿νоϢȻɽǿʱ򣬵ǽᵤˮ׼ҪɱԼҲ㹻
ˣˣһɱȻǿͷ޹ϵȥɣҵɱ˺ɣ
ŻƵǵĸߺɽ̶ʱ˫ۿԼ˫һţͳԼ˹
ãӣ
ͷһ֪ԼζܶùͻƵǵ֣ûƵֻ׼ɱԼԷģתͷӣϣܹȡһʱ
ƵǼһǱӴܣһЦҲٹֱȥǶܹɱһŲɡ
һݿ񱼣ɽ׷Լתͷһȴǻ⣬һ⻪Ȼһɽɽ̱֮ȻܹУٶݵٶȾȻҪһߣԲͰץסˡ
ô죬⽣ڣȻ㣬ǼȥȻҪץסѵҪ˺顣ˣѾɽӦÿԺСףú޵ֶνС׻


 Ǳ
ͷһߣһ̷̨֮̽УҶϴС׵ǺӡǡʱڱͬСӰȻſڱҶ䣬ͲһҲ̶ۣһ˿һԺ֮С
ô⽣ڣʲôطӶʱжϣһ˿ȻӲСס£С׾һݣʱȴûץס˵ץסĻᶼûС
һ߽ݶɽ̵׷ɱһӳ죬һ뵽ԼغĻƵǣһԽԽܣԲϣһ˿ҰϢ
ڼʱ̣һϤĻʶ׳Ժ֮СдĸͯɵĵܵܣҳϵϺҶˣФɽȵڶ֮·нˡнõ΢ЦţЩж࣬˵ŶޱȵĻ侮ʯǻƼҸӷЦţڴѶ
ƶ˵ʧڲͬ˳Ժ֮УЩ˲ˣӢĽӵ˾ͽˣϹݣѩƷƣſֻһ֮Եļ軨Щ˻΢ЦǵȻԹۣŭĿ򣬵ÿһףÿһ鶼ޱȵĳ
һźҲܾһа취ûа취ҲҪҳ취
һأһһͷĵͬʱϱһǰͬƣٶ͵һȻɽٶȳƽ
ޣûΪҵֵƵǣһܹҪǾƵĿܣȻǿǶȻޱĵطʲôôӦòǣɽ̵ҼȻǿܣȻȫӦòŶԡǾˣҪƿܣӦǿ꣬ܽһס޽ᵤ꼯֮УǰǻƵʩչȴȡ˵Ӧͨɽ̵ġ˵ɽ̵㡣ããȻ㣬ǾлᣬûлᣬҲҪᣡ
˼˴ϧԪˣٴһԪʱɽһξ룬ûѡһֱӶݣԶԶͣһָüģ͵һһҶ̨֮г˳дʣ䡷ķɶȻƾջʶͨģͬǡɽ׷׼ӳֵһһ˲䣬һͬ鸽壬һɻֺԶŵϢ籡
ֱֳҶӳͨԽᵤʵɽ̣һɸоһ˿ţһ˿£ʱ䡷̫͡顷ƪ״ͬʱͷʣԵ֮Ϊڵ⾳ͷĽž¾ɢ
ԽԽһĬԼֵѾ룬ʮɣʮɣʮɣʮɣʮɣɣ֣
һȣһ½ⷢǰδеĹԣһ׹⳯˹ȥƺûϵһȻᳯԼ̧־ͳһ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ͨһļ㣬ٶȣȻܽԼʵˣʱ򣬿²Լӳ˶ٷģ¶Բ˶ߡ
ɱ
һ·ʤľɱ֮ͷ𣬲֪һ˿׽ٽ˹ȥǱͽٶޣ׽ٽȻ鿪ⱬѵȴʹһٶٴһ
⴩צĿգһһ֮ɽһ˫צֱײСһײɽʯϣȫѵĸоȫһζ۵ĸоֱ̧㽫ǱҶͬһһ㣬ɽüġ
̨գ䣬Ȼ
һһͨһ˲»䡷ֳɽӿ˹ȥ˲ɽһ
ɽ̱ûĵһצץҶüģ䡷ְ˲䣬Ȼͣ
һ״ϲãΪ򵥾ܶԸͷ䣬һؽķ׷׷üĵıҶ֮Уȫ㱻ְʵʵһҲˡ
һЩжɣһ¶һοЦݣֳ̧±ҶŽһ˿䵽ϡƬ֮Ǳס͸˽ȥʧȥҲҡҡλεĵһڵҳһ
һһҲͣסͷѪӻ׽ٽѾǰ˲ջٴֻҪȡһɽ·ӳڣ
ͳɽҪʱһȴĻƵ˭ˣ˿һŭĳһ˹


 һ
ƵǷĳһ˹Ǵ󺰵ˣ㵽׶ҵʲô
һüͷһ壬һָüģһɽ˲ӳȫʶͨӳ˫ȣһݣһ˺ʮ֮Զ
Ƶƺںһı仯ֱӽ½䵽ɽǰݺݵһһ֮㳯ɽ̿˹ȥһ⻪ƮɽסƬȴûκηӦ
˵㵽׶ҵʲôƵһĿһȵ
һͷ裬ֶԷɱˣȴһ㲻¶һͳɽһߵ˵ûʲôһֶĿưˡ
ʲô㣬ƾ㣬ôܶƵʲô飬ûȫҲܹԸģ˵ʲôƣ㵽ʲôܡ
Ƶǲû̶֣һͷ΢ϲ֪Լļƻмá룬ƵǰȻԸԼҲҪոɽ̣˵ڻƵͷԼҲǱȲɽ̶ļֵ֮ɽ̵ļֵȻǰҪߣһԼɽעҲм
뵽˴һ΢΢һЦʦ֣ȻҪ֪һΣֻҪңҾ֮˵ȥͷӴҽˮˮΣ
ƵԣһҪҪЮңССʿҪҪЮң֪ҪЮҵ˶Ѿȫˣ
һȻһЦʦֵֶΣʦȻЩ˶ȻǱȲôһͷļֵʦֺķѾӦñһöҪмֵɡʦȴֻССʿСҲֵǮȣΣ´ΣʦҪɱҪоͿֶΣ
ƵǶݺݵĿһƺҪϿһֻĶƽ벻ôһʿȻ򾲣ɵתһǲ޿֡
ܣɱ֮ɱ֮𲻹죬ҾŹ㣬㽫ֶνһʹģǲǣó
һ⻰֪һֶǲˣһЦǣóߺߣȻʦôаգǾɣֶǿʦҵֶɱ
һһȣ˫ָǰһϣҲ֪дʵ˵ЩʲôȴӦ͵Ҳ㳯Ƶ˹ȥ
ôܣƵôܱƣСӣõǿֶΣҪ㿴ˣ֮
һƴӻƵзɳųһڹ⣬ֱӴɽͷͷ­һ̶֣ԭء
Сӣǭ¿˰ɣҪΪһСֶξܿԸңҵȽʿֶβܹģ֮ɱ
Ƶһ£ͷڹ͵תҪһ˹
һƣ֪ǲǲֶΣԼȻ˱Ҷ֮ʹӦΪĲվвԷֶΡЩҡεȲǰ֪Լʩչ䲢ûȫת֪˵׶༪٣ֻƴһ˵ûһ˿·һҧһᣬ̨֮⣬ͨģת׷Ͷ뱴Ҷ֮С
䣬ӡǣ
һҶĴ̼͵һһ͸̨üֱͷ˹ȥǰڹ⾹Ȼ赲˿㱻⴩͸
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һޱȵĽǱɽ̾ȻͷХƺޱȵʹһ㡣
㵽ʲôҵʲôֶΣȻήⲻܣס֣ס֣ƵǷĺ
һ״һЦʦֲҵֶΣȻҪչʾ㿴һʦǲںһֻɾʹɱңɢ֮ʦֻǿԵõһöڵڿܣ¾ûˣ
ƵԶʱ˫۳Ѫŭڣ״ŭȵã㻹ҪЮңһƵôܱôһСҪЮ֪һ˶ٲϣҪЮңҾҲҪɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣬Ȼҵ
һͷһƴҲǽ˱Ҷή裬Ҫǰףһ󻰲Ǵ̼Ƶǡ뵽ƵȴǼᶨȳ̶ȣȻϲҪҲҪɱԼ
ͷ΢΢һңǶԱҶĿƶʱ֣˲ָһ˿˹ĻƵǶʱͣͷ˿ٳһЦСӣթңףշǵ㲻ˣʱѸû£Сɣ
һüͷһ壬ʱ򼸺ֶþﻹʲô취ǿȿ񱼣ȴҲӲûƵǵ׷ɱ
СɣƵǹЦһһӡһĴȥ
ʱ򣬺һƾվ𣬽ƮɢĽһ͵ı㳯һӡȥ


 Ƶǰ
ۡһͬͱƴֽһ㣬ӡƣƲĳƵǴ˹ȥ
ƵǱһһϵʣŭһһ⻪ǽ˹ȥԾǣǵϡƽ˷֮⣬һ𡣵һȴʩչֶη׷նƣûԳһġ
ƵǶʱЩˣһ߼ͷֶεֵǽһߴȵλǰ֣̫ɽһӣΥŹ棬ɱͬţɱ֮ҽŻǰ죡
һҲȴûһиƵһ㣬ҲΪǰ˳֣ûƵⷬ˵ǣæлǰ֣Сɽһӣλʦֱԩ޳ֻΪĶЩڣ֪ҪɱйϵΪӱɥĲ񣬼ħǰСһ
˸ִһʣνǰû˿شֻǵɲĵĳƵնȥȴ˵˼ڡ
ƵǼ״ݺҧһһɫ˫ɳһһһһʱһޱȵĳ˹ȥһг֣Ȼ򵥣ȻǿǵסֻǷɫȥɼò赲̫á
֮ɱ
һ𣬻Ƶǽǿ׳һڹͶɽ̵ͷʱָ˼ɣ۴ųһ˹
һķԪʱֻƾͨӣٶȴǰɽ˹ȴܿͱ׷һͨĻȥ˵㲻ʲô˫צһ̧͵ľͳһץ
˲䣬һͬʵʵĽһǰȴûһ㶯˼һ̧ץɴͨһ׷׵֮⽣Ľʩչ
ֻǽ׵֮ţɽն˹ȥɽ̱ɿܣûǣֻӻƵԣһĹֱӾץ
ֻţƤֻ֮ë׵ֱ۳ɽһץ֮£Ȼһһ֮жֱۡ
ǻƵǻһһĻԾѡһܿͻָɫһ䣬˫ֳֽһȵ׽
֮ϣ׵֮ʱᣬһ˽׵֮Ĵ󽣳У͵һƣֱɽŶȥ

ƵǷ𣬲һȴˡ󽣺ԥĲɽţĴ˹ȥ֮ͬһ㣬͸ʮԶŽɢ
ɽȻȴǻ޴ƣ󽣴ضһˮͰСѪƣ˵һͷļᵤޣ弶޿¶Ҫѵһɽ쵹£ûһ
ҵҪɱ㣡
Ƶһ񣬾Ҫһɱڴʱһ촫뽣ֿķ˫ȻըźХ֮Ƶն˹ȥƵæתϷ֮ʱŵɷס
ǰǰ
Ƶһ߿һʩֶΣȻ֮ʱﻹʲôֶΣһȥݶðһ״̧һ壬Ԧɽ㳯ȥ
ܵùһֻһǷķڽǰûһãƵǼϱնһĿӣҽһӷɽϵƵæӵȻ˽ȴҲֺͣۿţлǰлǰɽ𣬱ҲƵĳڣȥ
ǽûնɱ˻Ƶǣһͷ΢пϧָܿͷҲãҳƺÿøѹĥĥʯҽĥùڽնɱҲǱ˽֮ſ⣡
ãһҲǰĴ˿Ҫνǰȴʲô˶ûмֻ̧һݵСһлǰ֮ն£СлᣬȻ𣡡
һһҾ£û˴𻰣һ㶣ͷλǰȻǲԸңȻˣұ˾ǣлᣬ®ɽĿɣ
뵽˴һٹ̧һҾȻǰСӾʹ˸ˣлᣬնǰݼ˵꣬Ϲ׼ȥɽ̵ʬҲ׼ʰ
߳ʱֻÿٴδٴηɾ˴ξȻһոһȴһƮ˹ûŪʱ򣬱ø߿շǳ͵ĳ˹


 ὣɷ
һǼǽķ̶ȣԼУҲиļ޵Ƥ⣬ôһǳԼи²ԼʲôֶζӲסˡ鼱֮£̧ץǷɵǰĽһתǽ˹ȥһһֻһɴֵǣǹȻȴǴûбߣ˵ֻҪתͨǼӳˡɽֵܹס
ûüӳ֡ɽһֵֻ˫ŵֵסʱûΣգæǰСӲûв֮⣬Ŵ뽣ڣǰʵģǰһķԭһ
һĵĻƺһãǽһˣȴǷɳɣûͱ˵׷ĵǣǽûɢȴһ㡣
Ҫ˵ʲôʱǽȻٴͷ̣֮ͣһ㶼ûӡ
һ״ȴǴ˼˼λǰȻϳ־ңǶȻɱңֶΣһͰնɱǣ£һ˿Ǵ̽ҵ˼мֽɵɣŹΪɭϣʹ÷ֶΣ˵ûҵϸʹնڽҲпܵġһʩչ⽣ͺá
뵽˴һ˽ǰһᣬһ𣬻ӽǽն˹ȥ
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һ䣬һĶڳһǰûӦ㽫Сһ⻪ڣ֮ٲһӰ


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һõϢֹ뵽Ԭ˵ĸطбɽڣɵͷЦǻƵǶ˵ὣɷĵطǽɷʲôȻ֪Ϲ֮˶ҪᣬǶȻϺõԬʦ˵ĺôӦþ⽣ɷˡƵҲᵽ˵ڣ궼ûôˣὣɷҲôסλǰһȻҴ˵ὣɷͲ֪ʲô˼ˡ
һһ˼⣬һŴ˷һ̳һĴڣһ޴ޱȵʯڼ̳룬޽֮дŵǡڣ֡
⡰ڣֲǵ壬ϹŴµ壬һСѧһϹ֣Ҳϵ֡
ڣѵĽڣ
һͷٴϸ˿ȷʵǰǸڣȻͬнڣȴĽûгӵеĲ⾳Ҫ˵ֻһĹŵǽĹޣΪڣ
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һҹһЩҩ˴ڵɵҩԣٴϴ跥ǣĲٵԪҲ
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ķֶãһ水ֶβϵǣὣһ潫תֵŽĺ
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ɷѵ⽣⣬Ϊʲôѵλǰ롶ɷʲôڻԨԴôҵĽʽͰ˳
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˵ԶҲ˵Ƕгɣӵ֮٣ɵҩЧȻ֪˶ʮ˵ֻʮ֮һ̵ʱ䣬㲻һǳԶʱˡ
һ˼С׺ɵһǽ𵤳ڣһȴǽ𵤺ڣʮܲܽᵤ˵ܹԸǣ
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Сױ֮Աǣһ飬ʱһĻ˵ֻһͷȥһƽͨ࣬ŵãʮʮ꣬ҵҪǲܹնɱǲУͱֱˡ
һһЦصص˵ͷСҵļ֤ˣʮ֮㴦ñǡ
СҲ»ת򣬾ҪԼȥȴʱһס
СףһҪһ㡣
ʲô£
Ҹ˵˽ڣλǰһλǰΪﵽʲôˮ׼ˣȥڣȻҲһ£λǰ̫أҪ֪ʲôΪ̶ȡбϹ֮ʱǷнɷ֮˵֪Ƿ֪
ʲôɷ˵ĿϹŽ֮Ҳ߰ص֮һɷ֮
С֪ɷɷ˵һ˵ҪὣɷѾһһ֣ں棬ѶӦԽԽҲûеף֪ʲôɷң
Сԣһ˿̾һǰ˵ʮܱǷ⽣ɷҲˣ
һû뵽С׿Ц⽣ɷȷʵֻҵļ֮ڣϾôһǿĶðײá
С׵˵ͷȷӵ˽ɷսᶸȻߣܹ֮ͬĿ֣ܹڣɱһ𵤺Ǿûġϧ֪ҲڴˡϹŽϹ֮ʱ⣬Ի֮ʱ£ʢ˥Ϲĩڣڶഫжʧ޴иʧأһҲûдеؼ䣬û뵽ھȻܹὣɷֶΣ֮һ
һͷ΢΢̾ϢҲʧϾôһλǰڣʱ򻹿̵Ķ
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һͷͷȻ̫ͨʲô׶εʩչλǰݺ͵λ²Сײıϡ
ϲͬʱҲԾôһλϹּĴڣΪʲôԼˣԼǰȥ飬Ҳ벻ͨȻ벻ͨҲͷ׼̫˼ȥǡ
֮С»طһҲصԼ䣬һʱһۣͷĸ򣬽»ζ
ˣһڷղųţ˫֮ʱȴһڷϣһʲô˵Ĵһߵ㿪Фɽʦܽɰãǵñ㣬ظһΪǰһ
һԣ΢΢һЦФʦ֮ôһ˿Уƺʲôõ鷢ԴӼ뱾ڱûФʦ֣ʦֹˡ˵ţһ˳ȥ
һʱ֮󣬱һɵլԺϿգûլԺϿ󷨴󿪡ǽҲֱӷ˽
䵽ԺУԳФɽ˭ˣֻüĿ֮һ˿УһڿϣŲˮʹһ˲١
òФʦ֣СԱһˮʹʦֲҪһ΢΢һЦ
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ţһ΢΢һ㶣Фʦֺγԣ
ФɽԣԳһЦˣˣʦܼȻȻûˣΪֿյһˣ˵ʦɹǰʱΪҲڱչأûüǰأʦְ
һ˼һתŰФɽǰʣЦͷʦǰѾС֮ˣλҹʦֻ֣СܷһСƣʦȥһõطΣ
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һһЦȻʦˣ˵ЦլԺҪȥ֮ʱȴС׻һ׹ֱӴһСФɽͼС׵֮Ҳֲˡ
һ·ɽȥɵŵפءФɽҪһȴһָһ㣬ϼƣԳϹڵģ
ʲôطʦ֪ڡ
һһЦʦ㲻֪˵ذɣҲǵԬʦִһΣβܴФʦأ
Ԭʦ֣ŶԬԬʦ֣Ǿѹˣ֪ʲôطۼͬ칬һ㣿
һһЦʦֿȹƣ
ƣФɽһ㶣ʦ˼ǡ
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뷿УСֱӴ˳ˣĶǵġ
һãֵȻ󽫵㵥ӽФɽʦʲôϲĵˣĻƶȻʦˡ
ФɽĿľˮᣬʱȻŶһʦܣǴ˵֮еİٻ¥
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һФɽеĽ⣬Цû뵽һԨԴʦָúƷһ£ղ顣
ФɽԹЦ˺üְٻ𡣾㣬ðٻŵһﻨƵѤ˵Ʋ𣬱ǲҲˡ
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Ҫ˵һйϵԭѡ֮ʱƵֲһФɽΪѡ̫ɽһƵͬһɽͷΪ˱ܷͷһֱûǰһ
һɹȴΪ̫ͬɽһĶФɽ׼ǰأҲòñչƳ١
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˴ʶϤٵһͬɱˣһͬȡڻ빲һĽɡ
Фɽûһ׷ʲôһҲΪģֻǲݲһ˹ڶղתѡ
ӿͷ֮һҲСףֻѾƻŮ⡣ȥ˴ȴǻ˿ǻһϤŮ
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˵䣬һԦɽ㳯Ǭɽȥ


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һᳵ·ǬɽϴǰһȥȴֻԼһˣЩп
ǽ˶ûģ𱨣󼴱ȫûҲûһһϡʶͷûһǸΡΨһеֻԵ˵»Լϰˡ
Ҳȥסֱǰ״ڣֱӽ״С죬ųҷȥУȴֳ״⣬кüڳиϼĹס
һ룬ֻ΢΢ԾҲֻר־Ŀ״ǹæһ֡һ״ͷɵÿЦҲòǰ
ʦãʦƵɽҪˣؼһʦţȻкôġæ
һԵ˵ͷҲʵʦ֣⼸λʦѵҲġ
ЦЦ⼸λʦָʦҲЩͷˣһǶĸ֣Ȼûа볤£ʦͷѧϰ֮ˮƽڶ֮жǰéĴڣûеʦԭ򣬿¸⼸λʦֹͬѧϰˣЩҲ˵ˣʦܿɵúúÿţϾؼʱˡ
һŶһҲٶ˵ʲôר־Ŀ״ʩչֶΡ
˵һҲǵΪԬƵһֻƷƷͬÿһ׶κķѵʱ䶼൱ԽΪƷѰ˻ʱ䶼Գɹ״㻨ʱҪɵҲǺˡ
ֻ״֮ϣ׳˫ȴͬһ㣬һϳͣ˲ֹһЩ໥ӣ໥غϣɸӵķҲ֪˶ַģɶٷ״һȣһץһ֮䣬һĻ㼯󷨵ֳϡ
״һģֱͨķɽ֮Уʱһ⻪𣬷֮˲˽һ㡣
ʦܣʦַǽƴɽ֮СνƵķͬԽΪ֮ԴŵΪһأӵжؽƾǶƷķɽѾʦִ˶ʮƣҲǱػҪĵҲƷˡ⻹ʦֵļޣ˵ʦƳǿԲؽƣΪϺַļӳɣЩѷɫƷ
һȻĵ˵ͷͷ֮˵Ҳʦ˵ƺǽʿרνɵڶ󾳽确񡯣ǽԪÿһԪһԪӵгʼ㻯ûʼ㻯ܹƣҲûԣҲɷŹɽʦʩչƣȻľΣʦȷʵһ˿ҪƷ·ǵýڲˡҲżҲеǣֻȱһֵˣսᵤƷҲǲٵġ
뵽˴һҲٶ룬״չֶǰһ㣬״ٴδһģʼ󷨣ƣ˴ĽЩͬͬǣ֮ͬһ˿ԡ
ʱһɹȻ뷨ɽ֮УǷɽĽ˼֣Ȼһ
ǰĶʮƣѾǶʮؽԲĶʮߵĵ״ıȴûоʹչ˼һĳϣٴοʼһơ㣬״ٴδƣǷɽ֮ԽԽʢзɶݶߵ˼
״Ϊʦ᷸ȴһƷųɽѹƵģнȫԵ㻯ɽǲҲԿɣһ͸һʧˡ
ˣֻҪעɹɽʵԲƷӵʦֵ˼ǳɹ˵þǿһһƷǿһ
һţһҲϷ񣬶ĦҲʮֺôģԶĲ˵⿴һƣעƣͶ뷨һһʵ
ʱڶʮƴ״ϳͣһǰвͬȻһϸȥν֮ģÿһĶǽΣЩĹɵҲǽΣһɷޱȵϢһϴǵػ𶼱ݸɼһƵķͬ졣
߾״ֺ⣬һһץǵνƣһʵ죬ʵյַ볤֮С
һ˲䣬磬״Ϸ۶һ˿Դȴǻ첻⣬֮ɫʲô׵ӡ


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ʦ⵽ôˣѵ⣬Ϊֹһ˳Ӧòǰѵڶʮʲô⣬˵⻹ûܴĵڶʮߵ鷳
һ˼֮䣬״ٴζˣ̧һץһգǼɵķɽץǰһ㣬Ƿɽɿתһ廷֮ʮֶ״ȴԽɫԽѿ
һָ㣬һ˫۾Ŀǰķɽһ⻪ָɳһӰ
˰ˣֻܶһˣǲҲֲҡʦܣãһƣɰڴһ٣ʦɵÿФɽһתͷһЦ
һԵ˵ͷΪֵĿһһۣǶ״ʱ򻹸һ˵еʮ־棬ܿǾͷ˶һĺģתͷȥ״һơ
״̧һ½ǷɽĻط׼ڶʮ߸ơһðŵǵķķ˳˲һ󷨹ɡ֮һϸСĻгζ
󣡡һһ۱㿴Լյļ֮һֻ΢Ծǣ״ֶκͼʶӦǿ۲ŶԣȻ󷨣˿ҲӦǻƣһһƱǰĽƶҪСࡣ
ѵһƳ⣬ˣӦϵֻܴﵽ̶ȣɶʮߵȴԵǿˣѹʦҪʹûȻһԲȴҲʮߵԲҲˡ
ڳмңȻûһ¶һ˿ӣһ㽵Ŀ״
ʦܣ֪ʦʹõʲôţǿѰʦܹյġ֮жϲڶ̶ʱھܹھϵļޣﵽǿõֶΡȻҲ״ԣϲޱȵĶһ˵
ʦһҲһϾĴڿ൱ԪӤ˵ĵλ˼״ֶΣҲȻˡȻ˵״˼ֶξܹΪʦͬʦȴʵʵǿ˲١
뵽һֲɵ뵽Լ֮ʱڲϵİգҲмͨͨ˼˿ԼֶȻͬѰҲ㲻ȫ˸ˡ
󱾾ͼ򵥣״Ƹǲѣֻ˵ڶʮһ벻ʱ䣬һֵĳ״С
״̧һǻԷɴܳǱɽ˹ȥϣһͷ˽ȥúһŶʮߵɫ⻪ֳе֣еͼ
Źһ
״һ˫Բ˼ٶȴһͬˮһ㱼ӿǷɽˢȥʱǶʮߵ⻪ͼЩ£ţÿһŲ಻٣þŵͼ֮һɹɹ⻪ϵȥڽһ㡣
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״˫Ʊͨ죬͵ĳɽȥŹ⻪ѹ֮¼۳һš
˶֪Ź⻪һŵʱǲŹһﵽƷܴﵽˮ׼
˶ڴһ̵ʱһ촫ǱģŹ⻪֮Уһ⾹Ȼѹѹ鿪һһƻ
״ɫһŭһһķ⻪֮Уע棬ҪȡƱɽһ㣬ܹȵˣ״ʦҲܡ
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⻰һֻЦãȴûһ֣Ĺ˹֣ȥˡǹҲˣֻߵʱȴһ˵ϴνǼС˵ʦȥû뵽˵Ҳ˵һˣǻٺúýѵǣǽóͷʦܡ
һһ㵣׽ҪԼΨһ֪˹Ҳסˡû뵽ǣһȴǱһ
ͷϲһȴǲ˵ǻزˡȴʵֻÿʦҲΪѼλʦ֣ʵڲУֵ´αˡ
ǹⲻȥһο̫Զˣʦ㼱ǼҪʼˣʱʦȥ˵Ϻأ


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УһɻǼвΪϴϵĵӽ׵ôʦҲ䣬ȴû֮ڣ಻һЩޣƷ̫ͣȴʺ֮õġ
ԳԾѵʦûвμӹУ
һԵ˵ͷɽ֮󣬼˶ΪΨǱٹڣͷ֮£ȫżȾ⣬ѶûУ̸伯С
׵˵ͷǾѹˣ⼯ȴп죬ҵȵ˽¿ģΪϴµӿʱġʦܲţ˲֪Ҳǳ˵Ǽ涼ǱڵӽƷõĶǬɽ混鵤ռ̯λʦܳǮǷأ
һԻȻǰΪϴµ׼˼УȴûΪӺͽ𵤵׼гΪΪǣȴû뵽Ų죬еԼˡ
ʦ֣Ǽ֮пôһҲ˼ʵ
ԣ룬ŵԵޱȽ٣ͬҲȽ٣ʦֵܵõ֣Ӧûºܳʱ䡣ʦҵĻȽϴʵ˴ҲҲֶεʦֵϵãίרΪ㲶׽꣬ɱԼȥҪö࣬ռҲ󡣡
û뵽ҲķǽҲûҪԼˡһת뵽Լϻʮ꣬ɵ˼һ˵ͷԭôһȥСܵúúüʶʶˣʱʦְæ·ǰ
ױ뻹һ飬лᣬȻˣȴܻһһ㣬æظӦԼʱ䣬׾æȥˡ
ʱ䣬ֻʣһ״ˡʱ״Ǳɽ΢΢̾һԬСûиһƷԲû뵽վһУƹƹȥǲһ֣ѧˡ֮ʦˮ׼ǲһء
⻰һҲ֪Ȱ⣬뵽״ŽΪʦΪһĿֻ꣬Цʦֵˮ׼ѾѰʦˣʦҲԶˣֻɱϾΪΪʦܽΪȥ˵һأ
״ǺһЦʦܼЦˣֻգһʱ䲻ָоͻвͬοʦҾͺһڣͣҲǴ˵ҸʱúñչأΪһЩշӳӦû˵ܽʦܼء
һ״ܿҿ⣬ͷҲΪ졣뵽ԼŴӹ׿еõϢҲ׼ȡſڶ״˵Լǰĥյġ
״ʮֻϲæһָһ֮һζգ߶Ҳмְ״ϤָܿϤֶΡȻֱһҲѧֶΣƳһģߡڷע룬һע˶ʮߵ󷨣ҪٶעʱȴǷɽȻܹܣԼȴղ󷨵ƽ⣬ֶһ˿һҲб֡
ɽ״ֻ״һֿı鿴һֱ̾ϧڿϧʲôݣԶȻǿϧûܽһǬɽ
һʼΪβעʱ״Ҳ˽һ٩٩̸֪һ
ԭһʮߵ󷨣֮й֮һ󷨡֮ΪҲΪ̵Ĵڡ
󷨹󷨣Ͼͳ˽ƵĳΡΪʿƾʮǿˣѰҲϹɽơһ㣬ʮߵеƫµΪŹΪ̵ȻѴƣӶ¹ˡ
νʵԣת֮еĽƣݽƵĵȼŷƷνĶǾǳƷڡ
״һһʦһעһ꣬ܳΪƷ˵ûֱ׷Ʒأ
һȴûһ˼ԳѡϾõķƷֶΡʱƵķҲǶ⣬һûɹֻƷȻ֮ǰֶδ׬׬뷨һ˿Ӱ졣
Ҳ٣ؿˣ㲻ϡ¸״һ֮ͶȻ֮ȥˡ


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һ֪£ĵȻ׼һͶ֮УȴҲ˿и״ָ֮һ˰˾գҲáʱ쵽ǰԼʱͣ״ɽطȥ
Żʱ䣬ûֱǰȥڣȻլԺ֮УС׷¡⼸Ҳ״òһȻ״Ҳ֪λǰݣȴһɽ֮вϼһ
ǵһԴɵӵʱħɶϣֻδ˵ļֱһˡľȷʵֵĶȴǾԲ¶ġ
״̾ѣֻͬ˻ĪǣϼһһƢŹ֣ѰǲθڣҲǺθ˵ô
һҲ֪ԼǲǺǰθڡ˵ԼǰȥȴҽС״˹ȥϾﵽɵ󾳽ĴڣһǷ档Сֵطٹվ̫ͣҪ֤ܹȥȴǺѡοȴҪӺԼҲش£һʰһ֮Ȼһɽɽȥ
ϴλطһǱ˴ǰȥһȴĲ룬ὣɷܹɹҲһСʱгɣȻ˵۳н磬Ա֮ȴǴˡ
ڣ֮⣬ҲϴһĴȥ½⣬彣ڣ֮йְݵһݼǰϴ֮Լǰͼ
ڣ֮ϴһ޶ǲнɽȣûһһһݼܹУҲûһظֻɽХнˡ
һ΢΢ɣջǿ뽣ڣ֮УѰڵʱһȳڶߣ˾ˣôϻҹɣ
һ䣬һڶƾճ֣֮ǰһ㣬һʱ⻪һתٴνĽڣ֮Уݺύн֮֮һе֮һĶƺصһĻ졣
һٴνڣһȴûмλǰĴڣֻùֵǰһǰԼˣǰͼ
һ߳һߣֻ˵ϷҲ֪ûмˣСӿھңӲСֶΣܹͨҲУǲУǾ͵һܹһУɣ
һ䣬һƾڣ֮еĽ˲գһɳ޽һ޽۽⣬棬͸ޱȵķƺﶼиһնؽԷֵơ
һƣֻԼͬµĸ󡣬֮һֺ嫵£ڽһ˿ƾ㹻Լѹſ
һлԴ˽Ǳ޽Ȼһһۼٶתһ޷ĽУ֮䣬Ǿ޽֮ϣŹ⻪һڣͬޱԨ֮еľһףͬȵչ⡣
һһŹ⻪൱ȴȻ෴ǲܹġȴгĳ֣ƺӦһ
ɣ㹻ʸңһаɣ
ٴһŹ⻪ʱ۳һţһ͸ˮһûһаĲеֻǴĽ⡣
ǰŹ⻪֣һһ㣬ʱһˮֻñһֿ˼ûУζ̹Ȼǻعĸ׻һԸ
ˮ޽һţȻȴû˿ɵĴһоһ˿ʹĸоֻûůģˮ޽ţ͸˲䣬ŻȻѾ뵽ʲôΪֲ飬һֻţͷͬˮһ䣬˲Ϣǲմķ¶մʪ˴롣
ҪУȴǺͷڵأѹϴһѪۣȴȻɳǿ־֮С
Сӣ·أôһؿȥϷ򿴴ˣԺɾҲ߲ˡϷ㻽ѣһôͼɷܹãȻжԶԶˡܹȥʱթЦƬ̣ŽŵܹȥǺͻʹ㣬㽫õĺôҲ޿ġ
˿̵һ仰ܹҲû˿áǰһˮ޽˵弸ûвӰ죬Զȴޱȵ𺳡
һִ׸ϵĸоǰδеģѵĿ־塣㾭ɼͬϵĸоɳ飬Գ֡


 
ϵΨҶ𣡡
̫飡

һʱԺ֮УһԵƥһޱȡ֣Ȼֵסһݿ־壬ʮջģҪǣһͶСһҲ֪ԼֻҪԸͶУֵܹסĵ׵Ŀ־塣
ͬ־壬ˮ޽Ҫ־塣־ǣԼһͶ»ᱻɵʧҡ
ʱһ쳹ؽԺ֮У뵱þ֮вĳһ޶𵱳ֽĸоһԥһץʱһʧˣûֵޱߵĿ־塣
ǳĿ־壬һʶ֣оȴǿտյģûǷĳʱȴǳʲôȻСȴǿĵֵסһϮĿ־塣
סһСȴǿĶһֻ֪ԼǿԳֵĶǿ־һңһΣΣһСȲ㣬ǧ֮Ȼһ֮ϣʹΣ־ΣֻĥеĥʯһҳʣնһУ
һǾκĻĿ־壬ʱһһˮһʶģʱҪȴٳٲ
ȱ仯֮ԺǱ̨͵ΪصĵطӡǵĴڡһ仯Ǿһı仯
һʶԺ˳ԼɵڵϣڨڨһЦҲ֪ŷʲôϵĻҳ칰ֵлǰ飬һС񲻿ܽӵʶûʸǰĿ
Ŷ˵񡯣˼ǽԽǰǳЦ˵
һҲΪ⣬΢΢һЦǰֶСѣֻҪûеСӣǽлᳬοǰĵ֮£СŻʤʱ򡣡
仰˵ʮί񣬵֮ȴԱָŶԷ˵㲻͸ʱֻҪʱ䣬һܹСӴ
ǰû˵һЦСӣû뵽ǵûŵûң֪Ϸ˶꣬һͷⱲӻѵͲɱô
ɱһʱһɱ֮Ⲽڣһн紵죬ɱɷǵصĳһѹ˹
һ֪ôһ⣬һЦһѹȫֱ죬ȴͬһֱֱͦš
ǰҪɱңͶˣαش£ǰһнʽҲǿƣûǰһĥСӵǣСǲǿ֮ġȻԳλΪһΪ޵Ŀɱҡֻȣ޵ǰΪʵ
˵ǧ򴩣ƨһһڣܲɱʱɢǰٴοЦСӣȻǿ֮ģǼƨõ¯֪࣬ɽӣϷΪҶŵأ
ԼĹƱһ˿ûε˼ͷһ˵˵˼ҲЩˮ׼ϼһȴǳˣֶ˼ҲѰ
ԼסԷ뷨ԼɽӵݣȴǲдС֪⻰žԼȫˣ˵ʱȫˡ
ʱǰڵСӣǲǺܵ⣬ǲǾϷ򲻻ɱ˰
һһ㶣Цû뵽Լ˼ˡһ߰ϼһ̫һ߿ڵСӲҵ⣬ɱȨǰУСӲʱϰˡ
ߺߣ֪ͺáϷ治׼ɱˣǰ¸һЦһᵽʹĸо
ţһͷһһ˿õĸоӿͷ⡮áʲôΣգǰ˵һ㣬ǡ顣
룬һҲ֪λǰ˵Ȼ٣Լ»ҪһЩʹ顣תһ룬ĥ³ԼҪгɾͣȻƽƽŽüһĹֵǰ²Ҫ飡
²飡ø²飬ϷһԸ˵ŹЦһͣСӣ㲻Ҫὣɷôεһ飬Ϸὣɷɣ
һһ㶣ѯͿڶнϳγһУӿ˹ʱνġʲô˼ЦæڵأֻǴͼ׼콣


һ ٱʹ
СӣҪʲô̶ȵĽɷһȫȫ׼ʱǰٴοڵ
ΪҪһʱڲţֲܹܶش𡣶ʱ˼΢΢һңϻƵľͼ⻪һ֡
ʱһЦһͷǰЦСӣҲػңÿڣֻͷ˵˵˵Ҫʲô̶ȵĽɷ
ͨһͷʱһɵ뵽ʶ֮ͨеʶͨ
ͨ㾹Ȼ֪֣ҵȳ֮ΪľˣϷûôİãֻҪͷصһЩҲ˵˵Ҫʲô̶ȵĽɷͨѰģǿģ
ͣһͷ԰ͬʱķֶã˵ǰͨɷǿɷʲô𡣡
ǺǣȻçײһǿľҪϡãұ˵һ˵õ˿ͷǲϷҲǡɷƪӦ֪ɷǽ޵Ԫ˽ɷĽ޲ĽޡȻ벻ͬͬһɷҲͬҲ֪һرǽĵȼƷĽɷȻ綥⽣Ľɷ籾ܽɷǸǲ˵ȴΨһӰء˽⣬֮ʱǿȣһ֮ʱںϵĺûӽɷ֮ʱʱ˺͵ضӰ쵽ὣɷǿȻĽɷý޹һΣǿĽɷǺǣϷҲûмӵȽɷҲͨ˰ɣ⻰Զˣ˵Ҫʲô̶ȵĽɷûѵĶǿĽɷҪʱ䣬ܵʹ࣬Ѱɷʮٱʲôϵɽ͹֮ʲôǡ
һһĳڣ̾ʵǰΪҾΣ
Ҿ
ǣǰľԶԶСӣľȻСӸãȻǰڴˣСӺαػѾֻǰˣСȫȥƴˡ
һЩˣ˵ǰȻ˵ЦкãСҪˣҸѡѡѵģܹŹȥɸԣ
һصص˵ͷֻҪǰѡģȻСӣСӻʲôԵġ
һɼ֣ǰҪ֪ͷܹﵽǿɷֶΣܵʹܹ࣬ģֶὣɷܹᣬʮ궼һܹɹ˵Ԫˣɷûɣͷһգɸԣ
ʮ궼һܳɣһ⻰ɵóˣϾС˵ʮ걨кܴ̱⽣ɷʮ֮ǲὣɷһԼĳŵҲͺʵˡ
һɣǰЦôˣ˾ͲҪ˵󻰣ͷɲá
һûǰķ̣ͷҵĿϴΪ˴ǵССĶԹ㲻ʲôҲδⲻʮɹ㲻ܣ˵õʱֶΣӲҵľˣ
ͨ˽ڣһʱǰĻͷãһоǰģԿ㲻ʲôֻҪܳɣǰֱܶˡ
⻰ǰٺһЦãȻ˵ˣϷҲСӵļᶨ˵ûɾͣʱ֪ⷬͷǳԵõġˣϻҲ˵ϷҲ˽ľϹŲȻЧЧȴ̫ͣϷ̶֮ȸʮٶȿʮʹǰٱСӽӺˣ
˵䣬һȼ̳ϾͼʮͼһԺ֮Уһ飬ȻסҪϸȴûܣһͷĬĬϰٱ飬˸ţܹʹˡ
֮䣬ͼȻ仯ҺǰٶȽͣһ𵴾͹һˡ
ͼ仯ʱܱʮ֮ڵĽһӿٶ֮죬ֱ֮ǰİٱͼʮָӣһųɾţʣһֽ˳һֽǰľٶҲʮˡ
һСſڽһֽУʱһ̱ĸоԼһ춼Ҫˡ
æתǻס뾭֮СȻʮʮٶȵĽǰٱʹһһ壬Ҳ۵ʹȥһûʹȥ˫۵ɵͬһ㣬ݽҧüĥ֨֨


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һһɺݾǰҲɵ̾СӣԼݣϴСֻܹԼһᣬܹԼʮĽᣬһأ͹˴룬ڽһʱռϴأ
һͱޱߵʹûһ㣬ôһҪĻ仰Ͳ˵ģ֮󣬷෴Ҳ˵
˵ϴʹǸᣬ֮ʹǽεʹٱһ־ʮĽͬһС룬븹У֮һ˺ÿһ
һԵĸоϵϸϸ˺Ѻۼеڶͨͻһ㡣
֪ȫġһҪϰٵһޱȵĽڵ֮УɵڶĽһ
Խ֮˲٣ŨһǽҴܣ಻Щ𶯣ڵȴûʲôƻġ
㣬һǿʹһתͽһʹ޸Ľˣٶǿ޸ٶȣʮȥǽ̶ȱﵽʮΣյľءڴʱһζ֫ٺ̹ƮĽѸٵ޸
Ž޸ٶȣһͷ΢΢һ̹ǷõɵҩϴҲһ֣˴μѣٴμҩ
ǰһֱעһΪһ֮еı仯ΡɵҩҲɵ΢΢ԾɵϹŵҩû뵽СϾȻȶҲˡҲã˵ʹɵƷҩָЩݳޣܱϷúãϷһ֣˵Ľɷ͵ýһƷأ
㣬һ˽ɵս˺ƻɵҩ޸
һ۵ľˣ֪ٴοҪʹȥÿÿʱ̨֮бԶһ֮ͷ֧ס
֮ǰҲһȲ֪˶ϼһܹ֮ĶȻ࣬˵ϡ٣ȴֵСοһ̵˼Ȼһˡ
쵽֮һӵһʹţֱһٵ룬ͣĹ򣬿ʼת⽣һڴʱǰٴδһὣķšⷨͬʯϸࡣ
ǰľ飬һɵҩڵΧţſʼὣ
Ͻ
һ˫һޱȵķ֮еĽ趯һȻ˲֪ٱֻϴһʱ㼴ᡣһ룬⽣Ტô򵥣ʱ̺Ȼը㽫ѡ
һ׼һٴγὣ֮ǰһһÿһξʧһΡ֮ĽͬҰҴܡһûһεľ飬һα⼤ʮıߣ¼ɵףҲˡ
ʮΣһһȣǱĥýԲĽһһ֮ǰһвͬϸСļ֣ȴӾӨ͸֮ȴ˿ǿһֹ
СӣϽĽϴһˣһͷٴδǰ
ˣһɵóɡ
ϻ춯֣֮ǰĽȻһΨһõľںнľһҲʡٵġ
һҲɣæתһɵĽ˹ȥȻ̡֮һõʮǡǸǿĴڣ˹ȥ㽫ɵĽûһʼ
һٴƷζԼѧнȴһֵӶϴеɷ֮ȻһûмĽСһУͻʹͬϸһ㡣
һЩ֣ѯǰû뵽ȴõһСӲҪʶĴ𸴣֮࣬ͷһ˿㷡ֻǰϰͷɻҲʼ¡
н飬һŽƽϢһϢȴһĳƾǰ¸ЦЩϷЩϷúɣһ䣬
޿ɱܣһҲûбõ˼ֻһο飬ɫȻὣǰһɱ


 
֮󣬽ڣɽ֮УһźɫȦͻأ֣һ׳֮ʧﲻһǺˡ
뽣ڣʱһϺõķ£ȴٴλãɫҲмȻԵɣȴһǰζ˵Ƕ˵ǱŰŰȻǰŰĳһҲûˡ
һԼһΪԵãǽڣ⽣֮Сʮù⡯İǰýǿ롮򽣵ڶоͷЩƮƮȻڼԽۣڵǺ֡뷨ȴˡ
˫ӵʱ򣬲ǳٶȶһ޶˵ȻǰʵѹƵһ൱ˮ׼ġĲ˵һԪĽһӲסˡ
һ׼¶һֵʱ򣬽Уϳ㱻ڵءΪԼˣٴζСһʮΣСͬͬٶȣͬʹõǡ⽣ʽǰƿ֮£̶ȶһ޶һûгаġ
Դ⽣ԴӼɽȻһֻ޽ȴе·ϲȱٵһǿУڽ𵤸һֽͳΪһĽ
ֻ㽾ǰֱƨǣÿÿһ䣬һڿ༥ͷ㡣ͷһ˼һȡһѵűܴӣУУڴ̼һ񾭡ͷҲһ˿ŭ
Ϊŭ𱬷һӳǵûгУһоͰܱ
һǰǵûһ֮ͬ⣬ɼ˵һ䣺Ƕûˣʲôȥˣ󵶣渫ͷôɵӣҲ÷Ϸ˯ʱ䡣
һȻǴˣ˼͸ںܶ鶼ܿ塣ˣţǼ⣬ʱҪ˴ѡһ伥ඥʱͷȼǵŭ
ּķɽĹֵһ䡰л̻塱һȻȶԷУԼὣǰ
ʱ䣬һгҲ֪˶ٴΡ߷߲ƽظƽУһûһγб䳤ֻǻָǵȴҲپڶʼζ⽣֮еĲͬ
˵УǰʹͬʽÿζвͬζǰԵݣǻͻһǰʩչֶؽ¥֮УǻӰʩչȽ
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ǰͷģһ֪ȴһδ䳤Ĺ̵Ķôһٿȫ顣䲻˵ÿһζ򣬵ʱȴܻá
ֻǴʱģ£Ϊ֪Լûܹģǧ򻯾ʸԼӦľǽðˡ
һΪ֮ʱıŰҲľƣ޵ʱǰȴǶ˵һӣһڶͽ˳˿ͷһĻ
˿òķ£һЦ˹ֵлǰָ㣬ǰ£Сû
һߴһУǰǲмϻ˵ϷָĴˣ֮ûһ͸жԶԶ
һԿЦҲֳֻܹǣȻʲôæСӻһǰӦʡ
ʲô飿
ǰͽϳν
ǰƺû뵽һôһ£ʱţ֪Ϸ֪֪Ϸ˭˿ɶòˡ
һʱ㣬ͷ΢ȴɲĵСӱ⣬ֻǱǰ̫࣬ǽԡǰֶ֮ԡ
ûһ˵꣬ǰȶϣٷϻҪ֪˵Ҫ֪Ϸſɲô׸ġȻҪ֪γƺңҾԡΪţҪҽӶԣ֪˾ͿɣϷҪ˯أ
һͷȻ֪ⶨȻҲǿ󣬹ֵˣСӶǰһϡˡ
ԳڣһȰΣȴûд𸴡ɵڨڨһЦ⡮ϡ˵˯˯ҡҡͷ㳯ڣ֮ȥ


 ǰ
ƣһլԺ˵ҩʯϧҩһҹʱ䣬ָ˹뵽ǰ֮Լ˿иò֮󣬱Ͷؽ¥žؽ¥Ӱġաٿȫ顯໥ӡ֤ĥ
֮һȥڣϴһ㣬֮󣬱ǽ϶νʵǱŰˡ֮Уһϳض䡣
ܾԼĽ֮ǰ˲ͬʲôͬȴ˵ֻоԼڱǿ翵򽣵ڶĩȻģģһ㡣ˣⱻŰ֮ʹš
죬ӽڣ֮б˳л֮ȥȴýϿڵСӣӽԺĴ۵øһˡ
һȻմӱŰ֮ҵоɵЩϧѵϲСô
һСҲ룬Ϸòҵôһӣôôˡ˵ĸĴۣɲ滻ӣԺʱÿζôһصȰٻϷֱӽ߳
صȰٻ𣿡һɵĿЦһΪֺ⽣ϣϴİٻһû뵽λǰù֮󣬷ǵûлϲ֣˵ʲôˮ硣
⡰صȡ֣һʱףλǰҲǾкܣݺʵȻͿϱǽʿΪϲõġƷٻˡ
ǰСͷûԣһЦ
ǽϺٺټЦԣϴͷ޵ڵӦ㹻һˣģͿСӵˡģϷҲռıˣֻҪȡһˮϷ͸㽲һнУΣǻúأ
ʲôڽУһɵóһҪ˵ѧϰȫԵȥĵ伮ù㻻ȡ¥ڶ㡣Լѧվǳ֪Ҫĥʱʹã˵Բ⡣
⽲ȴǲͬνڣ֮Դ̣ͬʦͽһ㣬ϸϸ⣬ˣֱӴڣջǳĥʮܶԵõġ
Ѱ£ûʦͽǸȽޱȵĹϵǲ˴ڵġǵӣ洫ӣҲԽ⣬ʾɴ˿ɼõȴǶôѵˡ
⽣ݣȻ˿ڣȻǲмٵġһУȴһζɵѰ˼ǷڰʾҪΪʦһ㡣
ǽȴƺһ뷨м˵Сӣɱ⣬ϷͽܣҲҵͽܣƻУԸⲻԸ⣬˵ɾûˣ
һöԷҪԼΪͽɻͬʱҲ΢΢̾ϢˣȵֱӴڽеĻȴѵãҲǡصȰٻ𡯵׼ֵΣæӦϼȻڣСӶȻӡ
һӦЦӦĵǿ죬ܲŪ־ҪСӵֶˣˣϷҪǡصȰٻ𡯲Ҫɫ
һæҡͷͲظƱȻϴصȰٻ𡯣Ϸıˣ
Ǻãȥɣ֮ϷġصȰٻ𡯣
ЦСʧһʮ־ԵЦջΪһЦͷ˿䴢һöȻܻһصȰٻľôȵ𰡣飬ճ̣򣬹⡮صȰٻ𡯾͹ҿ˵ųڣȥ
֮һǬɽȥβȥ״ǹףΪǵԼͬȥеʱ䡣ûһ½⣬Х·ӭǹףһͬĻкüˣȴ״֮һͬƷļˡ
ӭΪԼһˣȻڳ㲻õλߣȴȻЦӭһʦʱ򣬼λʦҲҪȥǿһͬǰȥʦһ⼸λʦ֣λʦֿɶǬɽĸ֣ʦܿɵú׽׽
һȻûϵмͬУ⼸״ϵҲӴһ΢΢ЦԭмλʦͬУС֮
һܣһ֪˵ֱ֣أڣʺͽӦ¡統˵ǬɽϣרĶ֮еĸ֡һո߳ǽܹ֮⡣Ϊ׵ظ۷ĸ֣ʱ𵤳ΪһӣǶ֮еİ
˵˶һȴûһӣܿͳֵܣȻǲ˵Ƕ˭ƽ׽ˣֻ״һ̬ȣϴӹһƶ֮ⷨŽһΪͬһˡ


 伯
˵Ц֮ȴܿͳɽǼϿա֮Ϊ׵غǺһЦһ˵ʦǵһβμҵȱڵӵļУǾΪִһɣ
⻰һɵĿסΪ˵ҪԼȥ䣬ȴ˵ҪԼǰȥȴΪѡ
Ҳһ˼ǺһЦʦֶڼе˽Զܱȵģʦִ·ʦܾ͵ضɡ֮£ʦģϾҲΪѰһѰǷкʵġ
˵һһлתͷصȻʦԸСܣСܾȴ֮ˣʦ֣
м״ĺţһЦظʦҲҵ˵ˣʦҪԵɽҪ顣ʦұıûУȴϵòרʦֵܣûŪ꣬ҲǸרȡȥֻһҿ˵ʦƵķǶɫʦ֮Ҳǲɲܲ˽һҪǺúƷһǣ
һ⻰ɵͷЦķ״ѧˣҪƾЩֶһҲһġ
ҪƳ㹻ص˶۵ȴ򵥡ܹ֮ƳⷨҪ̨⹦Ч򣬱˵ⷨƷҲ˵Ƴ
ȴ뷨˺ܴĲͬҪע뷨󣬸Ҫѱ꣬ע֮С֮ǰΪûʺԵɣһûƹûг̨ʶڷ޹̨жЧȴֹۡ
Ȼȷʵ˵Ҳ飬һɬЦЦʦֹˣС֮ǰδɹβ״γԣƳһøλʦָֻϣλʦֲҪЦˡ
һ⻰˶ȻЦЦΪǬɽӣȻƷĲͬһҪɹʮΪѵġǰһصĴȤȻû˵ġ
һڽ뼯֮Уشͷת˺üӣŽһᡣһ֮Уһֻù⻪һתǰʱ
ⱾһĵطȻһ֣ߵ̡̯λȫϣﲻļмûʲô
Ҫ˵ʲôͬĵطֻˣǰ̯ˣΪ͵Ķڶӣټ𵤵һӴ䣬ּۻۡ
ӭ伯СʦܾΣغǺһЦŵпǱŵӿģǬɽ;Źɽʦֲֵôһ󷨣۷ֶνһָ˲ųôһСҵȱڵӶ֮Ϊ伯С
۷һ⻰΢΢Ծ룬Ϊ˼˴ͨһռû뵽ȻǼ򵥵֮ڲһ֡뵽ַһЦԼǽȸ˽Ӵ̫࣬뷨ЩԼڵĲˡ
¶۷˼һһۿȥֻЩ̯λϷĶЩ߼ɫ˵ǷûУͼĶ𣬻и鵤ͼɲϣЩԼû
ԼõǡصȰٻ𡯣һ䴢ɵ̾Ϣʯʱŷٰ
ص뵽һͻȻ̾Ϣһһ㶣Цǰһļʦ˵úãҲʯأֻҵһֶΣȴǴ£ʵڲУˣƺٸ˾ˡ
һһ㶣뵽ö˵飬û㱻صһ߰ɡžͳȥˡ
һ뼯УŽֱߵ̯λԳΪ˷ܵһߣһ߸һָʱЩ̯λϵһͷ㡣һָһҵ˵ʵزСһָһҵ鵤۵ʮ㣬Ч˼Ʒ˼ɣЧ
һ·ÿһ̯λ῰̸һû֪ġĽ֮£һҲϧʯѡ˲õĶ
ڴ˹֮УһΪǣʱȴؼ־ˡƺͲµһ㡣
Щ˷߷ȥһԵɣعһЦ˵˴ʦ伯УЩ˵ȣҲᡣ
һԿЦȰ˵زΪԼĵˡȴؿ˿ңһӣǣͷˣ


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ԴЦݣԼһգһգʾһʱǡǡֲأƺԼ˼һתνġˡ˭
صĽֻһˣǾ״һڵϿļ֮ϣӵʦͷΣֶκԶͬ٭״ȻһĴڡ״ڱȻԡСˡ
û뵽ʦֵžȻȺô˿ûѡǬɽǲһأ뵽һɵðôһͱ𣬱Ͼ˻Ƿˣûкҩ򣬸ο˾ǲڡ
˽룬غ˾ͣ˶ЩƷתͷһʦܣͿ˵ţһ㳯һ̯λȥ
ö˹̯λһæЦԭʦˣʦϴζʦֵܸȡˣϺõ꣬Ķأ
⻰һʱΪʲôҪԼˣԭרȡ̯λԴӾȻһ㶼ɽӡ̯λϰڷһƿʾŸƵȼԼ۸
⻰һЦʦܣٶȿ湻ģϴβҪһͷԵޣû뵽̶̼ʱͱŪˣȡҿ
ǽʦ΢΢һЦһĨһƿֵݸءȡƿһ֣жһöħ裬һߵӰεͣҪꡣ
ǽʦƺˣתͷһʦҽнƽ磬ɽӣ֪λʦǷҪʲô궼С˵ǽƽĻһͣΪǸЦԭᣬʦԭɽĵӣһΪʦҲҪѡأᣬᣡ
һԣ˿䣬֪ԷϿûݡǺһЦʦ֣ʦֲûᣬʦҪѡʺϵʦֽһǡ
ʲôƽƺʲôֵ飬һ˫۾һ˰Σȴһ㿪Цĺۼ
ûʦģʦ͸һɣоͷ껹˵۰ɣɲҪܰشʱҲ꣬Ҳûлص˼
ƽ֮ܿɫЦȻʦҪ꣬ʦܣͷǴ׸߼ȡҲҪʦֶˣһǧöʯΣ
һǧöʯһͽļ۸񣡡һ⻰ͷ΢΢ƵšصȰٻѹϣڶʯ൱С
۸Ҳ˵һãͳһǧöʯҪݹȥ˭֪ǽƽȴû׼֣Цҡҡͷȡһͷʱʦֱ˵ˣҪʦֵʯ۸񲻹ʦڹһиˣʦջʯǡ
ȡһͥ񣿡
ǣյ֪ʦҪôһͷ꣬ʦֶ˵ɽУһʱ䣬ŵأƽ̾ƺͷʮѵõӡ
ԣüͷСӲҪҸôѾһƷѵҪҿأ˵ţһ
һ״βص뷨пԵֻװûп
ƽҲǸˣҲȡꡣȻؿһЩһ֪ͨͨһȻǱ׿صˣֻЩϵˡ
ʦ˵ЦˣǿĺöʦȻΪʦֵģֻʦһ׽Ҫ˫ϲʶʦִһ˫ֻҪƷ㹻ˡ
һ˫üͷ΢壬ƷҳֳɹҲɣ˫ֻҡ
ƽԲϲæʦǴӦˣ
ص˵ͷһͷķϣͥС׼ݲϣʱǬɽұˡоǿλʦһͷʺϵꡣ
ƽǣַһ֮תͷһ֪ʦҪεꣿ
ʦ֣СܶಢҪֻҪޣƷȻԽԽã
ޣƷԽԽãѵʦҪ
ǣСҪһ
ƽٴνһһڡԽ١Ƶһʦܰɣ


 ջķ
һһ㶣䲻˵ȴû뵽ԼȻ±ϳ˵ͷʦһ֪ʦ֪С䣿
ǽƽǺһЦʦܿɲ֮ս뱾ڱԱٹΪӣ˵ţȴΪ˾ͽһսٹΪͶòɿͷȻƳؿ¼ɽֻʦ֪ˡ
һΪ⣬ʱ䶼ʮֵ͵ȴû뵽ɱ˿𵤵ӽ³ԹҲٱܻʲôڨڨһЦСܻ治֪ʦּЦˡ
ƽҡͷʦܹǫˣ¼ɽɲʲô˵飬ʦսĽͥʦֶʦʮڼɽĵ֮Ҳŵˡ
ͥǺҲһ֪öԷֲܹɱ߽ޣҲµóԷȻǶ֮еĸֻ֡û뵽ԼȻôһۡ
ԼкεһʮָȤڨڨһЦһʦֹˡز˾ͽʦһս֮СɹԭķҲˣҪһɽ֪ʦõꣿ
ƽüͷһлҪ˵΢΢һЦû뵽ʦܻŶգʦܡ⽣ֶΣȷʵҪһźãĲ࣬Ψ겻٣Ȼϡ٣ȴҲôͷʦȥǷ⡣˵Żץƿݸһ
һͷһϲæӹ򿪵һƿħ֮һͷԼĪͽ꣬һͷͷǣһӶðȻͷǱ׵ڡ
ĵ˵ͷһ򿪵ڶƿħ֮ȴһͷȫëֱޣȻн޵ĳ̶ȣȴȲǰͷ
һԼ򿪵ƿһХԭħ֮оȻһͷӥɫë׵֮ߴ֮ܶǿǰǻҪǿһȻһͷ߽ޣͬڵĴڡ
һƿ򿪣ƽ΢ЦʦܾΣͷ޶׵ԣѵȻͷӥȼ̫ߣ̫ѱΪʦѡͷȽϺʡ
һ̧ͷ΢΢һЦʦ֣ͷҪۼΣ
ƽһʼָۣöħЦʦʦִģȻΪʦܣǰʦһͷұһǧöʯͷͷʦԸ⣬öʯˣӥʦȡ˰ʯҲȡˡ
٣˰٣ȴǲ󣬽ʦ֣Сܳˣһǧİöʯʦһ¡˵ţһӴ֮ץһСĴƽ˹ȥ
ʦܣҪͷһˣƽ籾Ϊһͷ޻ȥ־ǣ뵽Ȼһͷ
һ΢΢һЦǣѵʦֲøô
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һƽ翴أšϺ֣֪Է˼΢΢һЦҲ˵꽫ԼֻЦųлᡣ
޵֣һͷ´룬ڽƽ̯λ⿴˿һȥ
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ضһռô£һȻ˵ԼҪŹ̨֮еĹЧֻ˵Ϊ˷ֹʧĶ׼
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صָ֮£һҲͷӬһҴܣѡԼҪĶ˵šصȰٻ𡯵ѹȴ֪ûǮĵطʡʯϡﻩĻ˳ȥûһϧ˼
⡮伯СǾŹɽӲǬɽṩߣȻһ֣ȴǻһʱڹꡣߵβһƷƷʲôȻҲһڡ
վƷ£һЦʦָ㣬ʦҽջķᣬлʦˡ


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һһϣ㽫һ򣬹Цͬʦֵܣʦ̫ڵõʺϵ֪꣬ʦ׼ʲôʱʼأ
ʱ䰲ţһͷơΪÿʮҪʱȥڣȴƷǰ򵥣ֻҪŻӾͿʹá
ĳ̶ȣʱҪʮĹ򡣶Σע뷨ȵȲ裬ƳһҪһʱ䡣ͷ뷨ҪһʱֻƳ١
ʻһǫѷЦЦȻλʦֽ̻壬Сܻ׼úýַϤһҪ˵ʽһ֮ſʼˡ
طǵû̫ΪȻĵ˵ͷͷ˿ǹһεĳ֣ЦȻʦпգһͬȥ䣿
棿һɻĶѵʦֻô
ҡҡͷһ鷨ḻӽ̵ʦ֪ˣ漯еĶȻȼߣȴǲڵӽףɢޣн׵Ķ֮е˵ö඼ڵˣ׺Ҳ飬Ͼ֮Ƭع˭Ҳ˵ûһ©ġ˵һξͳʲôöΪһûвμӶˣ񲻿ϧô
⻰һĸ̣ܽļУȴһϵĸоΪλʦֻڡؼСܹ֮䣬û뵽רϴµӵļϣһڡ伯Сһ㣬ࡣϷŹһ̯λڸƷסƷͷ㣬ӣϢ
һҲͷǲץԼҪԼȥ伯֮ʱڡʺ黹нӦ¡λʦЦЦıоȻ⡣ԭλʦ־Ȼϲá
Ӧ˵ǺΪʦ˵ϲһҲŪʲôֻ˳صקһһ̯λǰصĸۡ
ΨһֵҵǣһҲѧ˲Ʒı£ӵҩɫζСԲ̶жϺû̶ȣֽϸ̶ȣɰŨ̶жǿȵȡһҲǳˡ
ƷһȴҲҵһЩĶǾԺٵʯԵ˲ĺòϣһС鱻Ĳϣ˵ȻǿƷĲϡ
ͣͣһר޲ϵ̯λϡһһУǰһȴûжɫֻװص۵ͬʱķϡ
ֳ̽ץ˹ȥùȴһؽӲӵĶǡһСС֣ƺȥģԿȥֻһ㣬ϸһȴּܷ档
ףöǵͦƯģλѣ˵˵Ҫ۶ʯһǶϸһһģƺֻż¡
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ÿҪöǣ̧ͷһһȻһӣһתһ״СȻСӪȴΪڵĸλǰǰȻϲǾȥǡⶫףüΪˡСı󣬻ǰϧˡ
⻰֮ȻͣȴһἰСӪԼ䡮סһһǰԼἰ֮ͨʱļ˿֮⡣ǻǰ˵þҪʩһѡ
һȴǵܺƭˣֽǶ뻳У΢΢һЦȻѿͣҲȴ֮ˣڴ֮ףЩʯתǼ˵ĵѣı˰ɣ˵ţһףһʯ䵽̯λϡ
ɢһ㶣æʯȥֻϡϡʮöѣԤ˲١̧ͷȴһȻȥˡﻹסˣֵֻЩʯ
öԶعһЦΪʦܻῶңû뵽ȻСأ
һԿЦʦֿɲҪЦˣֵÿңСʵϲǶᡣ
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һ֪ԼΪûӹص۾Ҳڣһ䣬ȡöСǵݸأָССֵʦֿ֪ʲô
ҡҡͷΪ־ɽ֣ϹҲԣһʲôΪֻ治֪ʦָԽ򣿡
һؾȻϹ֣ͷ΢΢Ծ뵽ڸɲϵ˽ҲȻˣָһ֣΢΢һЦһҲϹŹģߵ֣ϹģĻ


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ؿһɫĶͷЦʦܼ£Ϊ־ٸʵ׵ϰ߷ˣ漰ʦܵܣʦΪˣΪﰡ
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һ˵ͷʵı㲻ʲôС֪Ҳ࣬ܽʦֵľ͸٣ʦֲҪСĲǡ
ֵʦ̫ˣֻҪ漰Ϲţ˵ģҵʿõġɹ׭ħõġħѪơ֮٣ο֮ġ顯ȴڣֻҪʦϽ̸ңǱĺ£ﻹѡ
ɹ׭ħѪơ顯ʲôôСܴû˵أ
һ㶣ǺЦʦĴлΪԶȴֽƵĿǰʿֻ֮ħ֣֮һȴ֣ڡ¡ƺϹ֮ʱһʵıţʶԹΪţ֮Ϊ顯
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һΪ뵽ʲô⻰ȴǿЦʦּ£Сܶǡɹ׭͡ħѪơҲԣ¡
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һΪæǰʦҲΪѣ⡮顯С˵㲻ʮҪʦҲ޷ġ
ҡҡͷʦܴԲ죬ʦ˵Ҫʦ˵ȴʮֹأΪ֣ȴʦܣʶʦҲҵʵĽ֮ȡǡġȴǵǸǻأ
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ģæתͷʦܻҪʲôô
һ˵ͷСռһЩǽһģʦִӦСܾͽ֪ġ顯֪ʦ֣Ԥ֧ʦֱǵõҪҲϲãʱǿϧ
һĶһ˰ΣΪϵ΢ЦȴûһζһЦصһļЦãʦ֮ԣ⡮顯͵ΪµĶˣʦֻҪҪĸ֪ңʦֶȻȫѼĶʦҲ˵޲ϣȴӲΪһ˫۾ġ
شӦһͷҲΪϲȻദʱ٣غˬԸȴϲܹ˳ռʮģǸһá
СڶֹҲ֪ǿԼһüǮԼˣһԶ¡㽫ͨļ¼һϣֱӽأָǶʮĸءȻڴܹһȫ룬С׶޵ĺöȻܶһЩһЩˡ
صģͷ죬ٴһй˹ȥһ·ȴһ̯λΧˣó֮ҲЩȤҪ׷ʲô㳯˹ȥ


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һ˶ʿȻڱֻ֮͵ĶӣЩϴµӣɢȴ֡ųһ˿Χ۵˷׷˱ܣܿеش
УŷԭһСС̯λ̯λϰ˸ʽҩ̯ԵڵеһꡣΧ۵ԭȴһƤ˴磬Ϊ׳ŭ̯ݣȴ˵̯ҩԴγãƭȡʯȵȡ
׳һƵֽ̯λϵĵҩŪһһڷŵķƺ׳
׳ŭɶ̧ű㳯̯λ˹ȥ˭֪һЦ̧һƴ׳ϡֻһҺ׳˼ͣһֻŶʱ׵ͬݵͷһ㡣
һЦǻҰɢޣȻ﷢쭣֪ڵĵطǲˣԿ
˵ţһƿҩֲһŨҩɢŹ˹ֳܱΧ۵˵λƣƵĵҩϺõĻɫҰҲ֪ǲʯˣȻﵷңϣλҪԡΪ֤ⵤҩû⣬лλѵĹգ鵤һɱϵһɣλѶ
⻰Χ۵ȴûʱǱһд˵׳ͬйһ㣬æݵڵأĵСֻҪƭʯã˵ѣﰡ
⻰ΧȻĵ˵ͷȷҩȻû⣬ҿ۸бˣ˵һͷ򣬺̾˸ȥԭޱȵ̯λʱûҲ˲׳ʼæµ
һȴûжĲ˵Ϊ̯λϵĵҩǱٹȵ֮Ķҩǰûмö̸̵ļҩ
ؿһ棬ڵʦܾⳡϷΣ
һ΢΢һ㶣ص˼ǺһЦϷۣݵû㲻ٶһ㲻˵Ķˣ˲ʣͲ˽ǣûԸˡ
ԹһЦ˵Ĳȷʵ˽ǻѱǮʹˣϷҲݵòֻǲҵĵҩеأ
⣿ʲô⣿һԾ
һЦûУֻһ͵ϣǰһλٹȵˡʦȻһļһҲú죬ҩҩʲôӿҵıӣӦЩҩģ˼ֳɱ֮˵Ҳ߽ģҩЧƺûн̫ࡣõٵǺѷ֣õö˲ܷвء
һŶһתͷ꣬ȴЦʦ㲻ÿЩҩСƵġ
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СһҩζûУôˡ֮˶Ȼں棬Ͼ͵ϵԳ汻Ժ͵ͷȴǲ£ʱ򻻸˾ˡ
ԭˣһȻĹթȻ˼ʮ꣬˻ǲһ
ʦܿȤĻ֮ʲôӣغȻڵ
ţһɻѵʦ֪˭ˣЦ̧һָһ˳ֿȥǰµ׳һȳһյȣֵĳԶȥʱȻĵ˵ͷһЦһ룬ȥ
˶ΪһΪСʿȻ׾١Ҳû߳У˼Ȧһĺ֮ͬС֮ͬһӿ׳æӭȥݸһ֮󣬾ʹߴȥˡװһµҪ뿪ʱȴö˳ǰһضˡ
·Ҫ˵ʲôһʱȴȻסˡϺܿһЦݵϴµӸλʦ֣û뵽Ȼﻹܹʦ֣֪ʦֿɻǵõ֮Լ
һ˱´ˣȴû뵽ͻȻôһ䡣ö˿ԼĿ⣬⡰֮͡ԼȻһͷתôһ
ȴǵβμӼ֮ʱǵһμ˿ʱ򣬴ӻ˿̯λϹ˼ͬʱ˼ÿİٿݲݡʱһĵһһԷһԼ
ԼһʲôҪ飬Է˱гŵǡôЩͷȥûԷҲԺֻû뵽£ȻٴμԷϴλԼԷʦ֣û뵽ȴǵһ
һҲ΢΢ЦԭǸʦܣûˣ


һ ޳
һϳԼЦæȷʵûˣҲ⼯йһ֮Եû뵽Ȼʱٴμ档ʦֿСܺҰ
һԣ׶Էָǰٿݲ֮ԼǺЦʦܷģ֮ԼһǵãǵǼٿݲݣЩ굹ˣҩֻǲ֪ʦҩ֮ﵽʲô̶ˣ˵ţһĨͬʯУǵİٿݲݣȴһɹѵζȻҩЧԶ֮ǰܹ⡣
״ϲȴûżӹӻͳһƿ΢΢СƵİС䲻˵ʮʮȷʵаյġ
һ⻰Ŷһӹһƿһ򿪣һŨҩȻϺõĵҩ
ʦ֣Ҳ
Ҳһãֱȥ˹һţȡһö˿ͷȷʵĻֻɲȰǿƷҩθ˵ɰգ
˴ȴҪἰҩȼѰҩΪżɾһѿڣٹȵ֮ڱٹڣ֮ڣļ̵֮ڽڣ弶֮ԪӤڣ赤֮ںڣȻƷкεȵҩȴǲ֪ˡ
żҩ֮УÿһַΪƷѿٹȵָ֮ģƷҶŵ赤ȻǴôģƷȸͻƾ磬ܹϴ跥ǣԪģƷ
һõɵϹŵҩõƷҲƷ֮ڵȼӦ߼ĵҩˡ̫һġԪˡԪΪ֮˵ĲͬԴŷһȼ⣬ءֻɵ֮˼ܹƳˡ
ͬҩȻΪƷҩҩЧرƵҩѶͬСǼǬɽʦưоųϵĳɹʣȴֻɲȴǿԼѶȲ𡣹ʶĻɵó˻֮⡣
ʻһ۱㿴ԷæֵλǬɽʦ֣飬ʦҲڿ
ԲΪȻüͷҩ׻һ¶һ㿴Űı顣
һ״˵ͷ˼һת΢΢ЦʦϴȴǴˣЩûüٿݲݽʦܣҲЩⲻȥֻҲɹȴҲòˡȻʦȰգ⼸ٿݲݱʦܱǣҲ÷ңҵǸ⣬ʦΣ
⣡һҪٿݲݰԼȴ΢΢ɡһûһ٣ŵ˵ͷֵʦִСŵȴǷʦ֡ȻʦɹȡСܽɹ뱾ڣȻʦֲ
һ԰˰ֵȴǲˣֻʦ츳ܹ뱾ڣǬɽʱ˵ͷʦһҩʦܲҪƴǱˡ
ʦַģʦܹǬɽʦ־ƵҩСܶȻ岻ݴǣ
һΪĵ˵ͷ˿һЦվһԵأŵλʦֻЩ飬ҪȥˣϣܹǬɽʦܡ
ҲûˣĿͶȥӰʧԶϹЦ˿һһ䡮ûõĶȻβ͹㼷Ⱥ֮ȥˡ
ȴ˵һضǰͽйòˣ£ȥˡ˸û˹伯е˼һͬԦ˷ɽС
תͷ˿󣬳һЦʦܻ湻󷽣Ȼֵöʯҩ˵;ˡҪС֪֪治֪أ
һǺһЦʦ˵ЦˣԶţӦձײȻûԼȻ˶һһôȷʵѶֻ޳αعأ
޳ʦܺþ硣ҲҲضˣֻ⼯йˣҲˣ֪ʦǷɽ顣
ʦͬһգСȴǹⲻȥջһˣʱܻɽʦȻذɣСܶȻŰл
ԹһЦҲһʲô飬ֻǶһ䡰Сġȥˡ֮ѣƷɼһߡ
ȥһ䴢΢΢Ц㳯ŵפطȥ


Ŷ 
һһȥȻΪ׼ǡصȰٻ𡯡û׼ֱһöȥ򣬱Ͼ򣬴ʱˣʱҪȴˡЩնɱˣǷԾҲѰʿĲȻ⡮صȰٻ𡯵ͷʮֻˣȴҲܹ¼ƿһʱġ
¥˴νӴϴǽŮӡŮ÷ģƺһ֮һϢμ˼֣ƺһ㶼һֻʿ
֪ѽζǰкηԸҪͻƣбҪ÷һεεһ
÷ˣԸ֣ǰǰưˡ
Ŷԭˣ֪Ҫְٻūһøǡ˵ŵݹһᣬȴǵƵĵӡ
һӹ˿ҡҡͷ÷ѣֻƷٻ𣬲֪иõģ确صȰٻ𡯣
÷һ˿ۼĽһٴδһʵѴ¥СصȰٻ𡯵ģ
һԣ֪Ȼд˾ƣص÷ѲҪ֣Ҳǰˣλǰȴأ
ǰ÷΢Ȼĵ˵ͷȻˣҵ̸ɣ˵һȥ
һԷأͷȻɻȴҲɣ÷ȥԺһµС¥÷ı㽫һ䡣
˱÷ȻЦȻǰǰȡٻūҲΪѵѣֻԼ֮У⡮صȰٻȻͣȴҲöʯ֪ѿ
ͣöʯһͷһȻѾ⡮صȰٻ𡯿ĺܸˣû뵽ڰ͵¾ȻҪöʯԭ۵Ļ治֪ĶǮˡ
һһ㶣÷ü΢ôѵûдöʯô
һ״֪Էл֮⣬Цҡҡͷ÷Ѽ£ֻǰȴҲʯֻû뵽Ҫ֮󣬹ʶЩԾˣ
÷ͣȻĵ˵ͷ֪öʯԹͼķˣôƣңҲݳ޵òˡ
÷ѣһöʯ塣һͷһԸȴҲֻЦװµӽʯ˳ȥϾ⡮صȰٻ𡯻ǽŽϵͷš͡ġ
÷ĽӹʶһʯȻһöŵһԵƬ̡תȥһ֮طѾһ̵ľƺ
Ѳ鿴÷ΪԺָָǾƺ˵ǡصȰٻˡ
һ뵽ԼһŻ𣬲ͷһ㲻͵ȣҲҪ£Ҳǽˡ
ǣһȻ𣬾Ȼջû㣬״֮⣬ŵû㣬ˮ֮һȻһþ
⣡̻һʧһζӣȴ÷Ľ͵ҰٻҲƣǳѰƷ֮Ĵڡصȡֲƺ֮г֮ٻ𡯡
ٻ𣡡һڿһ֮ƮĻþҲ̾˾ȷʵϡ֮һˡ΢΢˼˿㣬һҲг֮⡣֪ҲŲһöʯ̾һ¸ϡ
ٻѾ򵽣һҲԸ⡮Ǯء÷ĵ֮ͬ£뿪¥
һȥˣ÷ĵ˵ûȡٻˣû뵽ξȻһӣӦò򵥣ǻرУζɣ
صԺУһΪʯĸпաΪʯǿû㹻ʯ⡮صȰٻ𡯼ȥᱻϸ߳ڣܿģһͷ֮ȥˡ۶ʯĹһ죬ΨԼܹҵ׬ȡʯķǲܲȱʯ
ڽƷ׬ȡʯҲ۸ϾߣʮʮǶŪɶⷨǲġǶⷨģǵڲСʶƸǿֵǮǲ֮
ʮֵ֮ǰȥڣӡһˡصȰٻ𡯱㳯ڣȥһ׳ٻ֮ǽϵź˼ָ֡һ֮󣬽ϲ󷽵Ľһнڡ⽣ָһһҲһѧ˹ȴܾʲôڡ⽣ָ㣬ĸ棬һöʯֵˡ
һŰ뱻Ű֮Уһٴʹֵζһ㣬ֱӱ߳˽ڣ


 
һգԺ֮УСŪһǡ伯Сһըüͷ΢壬һһһֽסǱը֮ʱʧ
С׼ժȡһö˲ιʱһ򴫳ǽ־Ȼͬһ㣬һ㣬ɢȥ
ڳɹˣˣ
һĿЦ֮дСü΢Ҳٷңֱһסǵһ徲
ǰһ˳ϵķ±յòȴûһ⣬һķɽ˸ʯһĹâƺǰһɽܸʯӡ
ȴ˵ʱһ͡صȰٻ𡯵ڣ֮ˡصȰٻ𡯣͵ͬöʯôһѰʿóҲ׽⣬һѹȫʯ˾ͨ˴֮еʯѹγſ㹻
Ȼ˾ͨϵʲôҲֵܹһЩʯģֶȴ̫Ȼг鷳һʱǲҶġ
ΪʯĴһץԴ뾡취Ҫҳ̨ͷ޹š¹ȥȴʧʧܡƽڼ侲˴δӽڣѼʱ⽫ùһ֮󣬱һͷ֮Сֱղų֣ɽȻĳɹˡ
һСײõĽƣҲ⣬һЦȥ
֮Уһ̧ڳϸһֻһ˹˿壬һЦһȥûⱻ𣬽ֳһβӵͼͼ֮УһӰ߲ϢȻע˽ꡣ
һƣƷԲ֪ʲô
˵ţһ𷨾һУʱͨĳɢȵϢһ̧һӣһֱӺķ֮ϣܹʿĽûζѡ
ƾһǣһԼСȻ統״˵ȻֻƷֱ׷Ʒ
пɣĺ󷨻ԸĽͷ겻ͽޣƷѾǼˡǻԲʺͷ̶ȣķʱıǲ⣬ǿɾͳԿˣ
˵һһĨһɫɽУȴҲһƷ
һ˫ִָһɽͷһһɫļӳȫȴǲɽ̶һ˫תִ͵һײĽ֮ŻĽһɫб嵽ϣȴһضϽԭûӳֵһɫƷɽȻ۶ϡ˿ԼƵĳɽһСĿˡ
һûһϧһ˿ʮĵ˵ͷ߶ţǧͲɽľȻǾ䡣ɽٳȥˡ
֮Уһӣϵػ֮ȼգʮ̲һĽΣذ״Ĳڻš
һ΢΢һЦͷһɽӳȫ˫ȭʱһ˫޴Ӱȭͷϡ
ɽǧ
һȣһ˫ӶһӰʮϻ˹ȥɣӰ£һѸҵĻ֮Ѹٵĸı״ͬʱСһƮʱһǧϲɽ㴷һһһҹЩ϶ֻʣԭһСһŷ
ʹͣϢ𲻶ɽǧ󷨾һעػ֮Сػ֮ͬһ㣬һնңʼЩβϿʼ뷨ûʲô𣬲һʱ䣬ʮ㻯򳤻ʮ
𣡡
һһУʮɳػһˮƾһˮ򳯽ȥһڵĴ֮Щȴ
һǾλӽԼΧдʣһָüģһһʮɫ⻪Ľƴ̨֮з˳һƸʽǻԣǳǺɽǾľһ֮УһУҪꡣЩѱˣԹԵĴڽ֮С
Ȼע飡
ʮһüЩƱ㳯˹ȥЩ֮һ󷨣һĶûУǱȷ佣Ӳˡڷİ֮£ᷴԹԵıһԡʱƣǲԽʧֻʧȴɢû뽣֮УŽû뽣֮еĻһơ
ֻһǱѣԽĽȺһЦ


 ֧ƽ
ˣһ̽˵һҲ֪һǰһ޼ǽӽƷƷ
µʱһ෬ƣ֪Ѱˮ׼䲻˵Уĵʱȴڶ̶̶ʮ֮ڣ׬һöʯôҪʯֻ辶÷޹̨
ĽķţһֶΡ
ȣǧ֮벻ɽͨʹãòɽעǧ֮УԴǧÿһζЧʣ̶ʵʱ䡣
ʵȴô򵥡ȻЧʴߣԿƵҪҲ߲١״ָǧҲʱֶΡ
ΣǶע롣Ѱע꣬Ҫڽѱע֮дԡͨʦΪǲֶΣѲʱܽѱΪۡ
һȴãֱӽȻȴ뱴Ҷ֮У̨̨֮нƴɹֱ֮Ӵ֮СΪӶɹķʽͬһͬС
ǰһһͷһ˿˿Сָһ㣬ŷʱ䲻࣬εġصȰٻ𡯻ûܵ֡ȡһ»ϣйʮıɽɽȥ
ɽ֮ϣһоһʲôŹ֡鿴ȫŷǰȻеʮıɽһ׷Լڡ
ףʲô
һ̽ȥȴǽ⾹ȻŷϢȴǷ⣬֮оȻֱ̨ȥԼоԼ޺棬ҲûֹֻǷֳһͷ̨̽ŷһ̨֮оȻںϳһţŤ죬һ·Ȼһֵ飬׭ƣʶͨͨģԼǲɽͨмơ
ѵһͨƺ齨ȫһ˼ţܿĿĵأŵפء
ˣ֮ͨȻҲܲȽҪ˵
һ˾ȴǳ¥ȥȻʮֵùһʯȴֱùȥ֮ǰԼȾҲͰˣʱĿһλǰǰȡơǻ»ɡ
䵽һĵǰһֱӽУһλæӭ
֪λǰʲôҪСǧϵ꣬ȫС궼ܣһųϢæЦ
һͽ𣬷ųϢ˾²ڵӣҲ֪һġ
ƹģһЩĶ֣ǮΣ
Ŷƹ⻰һתǰһǰҽȥһ˵ͷҲƹȥˡ
ʱ֮һЦ߳ƹЦ˳
ƹĲԶͣλͷˣ
ǰˣǻݣͷֻ˵ֻǽ⣬ǰǵչСǡ
һһǹһЦݣɽȥˡʱ֮һƽٴηŵפء˻һȴǻһҵ̡һƵ֮һٴȥ
ǰһȴֱǰȥ¥ǰηֱܹһǧöʯо㹻ˣҲöۣϾһ̫ע⣬ϸˮܰȫ
һöʯ֣ˡصȰٻ֣һͷȴû֮ǰεľȣһ֧ƽ⣬ͷɵ泩ĸоͷˬѹַҪǮƣʱҵĸоǮ˰ɣ뵽Լȱʯǲ
صլԺ֮Уһһͨĺľнȴûг͡Լ³ͨӦøԼйϵʶҲżȡ֮ȿػϣȴ´γ֣
ȥڣʱ䣬һصȰٻ𡯰ͦصȥˡǽȻ˵һϡصȰٻ𡯲ǰȥҲ֪صȰٻ𡯼۸񲻷ƣ˵һССʿǽʿôݳޡ֮Ҫ󲻹Ƕ俼ˡ
һٴδϡصȰٻ𡯣ԾͬʱҲСı˼ֿΪǰˣϳֶ̣һôٻλǰҲ˼֣ѵʱٲǰ䳰ȷָ壬ڽУָ㽣תáֻ֮Űǵûаˮ˼֡
һı仯ΪеһȻҲܳȱ仯Ҳ΢΢еϲһٻҲֵˡ


 Ҵ
ԡзһգǧꡱڷ˿ΪԢ⣬֮˿ȴޱȡɴ꣬ת۴ӻƵǳϮɱʱȥ
˵Ҳ֣ԴǻƵ׷ڣڽϳ֮£˶֮ƺһһĺֶʧˣһıɢ綼ƽһ㡣
һۣһ֮٣ĥȥгɵĿ˼ԼĲ㣬С׶ʮ֮Լټ˽ôһλĪǰָУڱ𣬺޲ܽʮʱˣˣֳɰʹãԺһ־гˣѩͷޡ
ʱ䣬˵̲̣˪ȣ˵ҲɽһߡԴӽ뽣ڣ֮һ¶ǰôһŵӡ䵭ҲǹӡȴڱϾɣκʱûȱţȻɳมŵ·ܹһֱ̫٣˶ϰ˰ˡ
ؽ¥Ż֮УһһӰֽƾնţˣƣýƣӰһ޶һˣһȴǻӰˡ
ȻǰɫӰˡһӣһһŽ֮󣬳Էɱ˹ȥȻҪ轣֮ɱԷһֲ
ߣû뵽ôһУոӮˣ
ɫӰһȴȻֱҪնǰһն£ûѪҲûʵУԭһ˲䣬˾ȻʧԭءǽİɫӰɻ̽ʱһը쳹ֻһ֪ǽ⻹׹ĶֱָǰɫӰ֮죬֮ͣҲˡ
ɫӰ΢ȴҲԴУһתҪ롣ʱһը죬ǵ׹ȻըȻһʮΪʮ׹⣬ͬʮָľצץӲҪɱǰɫӰ
ɫӰѲãҲϾⳤѡһ׹ɱȥһŸѿı֮ɱһ䣬ڶལ֮ɱȥ
һ׹֮УʱǺɫӰöԷɱȴû˿ܵһ˿˹ƷĶ㷴Ӧٶȣ򽣵ڶĽ߾磬⽣ȴ̫ʹҲ̫򵥡⽣֮£Ҳ֪նɱ˶ٻء񳯿ɲҪø߽׽۸㡣θȡʤˣ
Ը˵꣬ɱɫӰ趯ˮȻûһֵ˼ǺɫӰҲһ˲䶯ˣһߴ׹֮˳˲仯һ罣ӭŶԷȥǺɫӰٺһЦε䵽߽ɱ֮һӣն⣬ǽ֮ȴԳɫӰ
ɣʮù⣡
ɫӰһһ׹⳯ǰɫӰ˹ȥǰɫӰֵʱһ׹⾹ȻֻΪʮʮ׹ⶼ׹󽣣˷ɱ
˵˫ȭѵ̸֣һʮʮ׹Ծٶȷһը죬ǰɫӰɢ
ӮˣɫӰж¶һ˭ˡʱȴûʲô仯Ϣȴ仯٣ǰո֮ʱԴ͸֮ʱȴԵóȶâһ˿ʵζƷ棬һնɱӰųڵˮ׼
̶꣬ɹڣ֮еšǵԪɵϻһλĪĽָ㣬Ҳˡ
һջ񻹲ֹΪõڽϵָʹݲ˫֮£һȻ˳˵ͨ⽣ĵڶ确ʮù⡯˵ǰý򽣵ڶԲűǰؽ¥ǻӰдΪб֮ʵ
Ȼնɱ˻ӰһССͬʱҲȷԼľˮ׼΢΢һЦֵŻ
Ƭ̣һŻһǰһ뿪֮Ż֮һ⻪Ҳһ쾵棬һǻӰնɱĳһ˼飬Ǿɢ
һ˾ظ¥ֱӷլԺ֮СǰӰһĳĦһֱ֮ȥҡֻʮɫеĴڵػϣɵػʡ
Щ֮ϻðẓ́ȻʲδɾʱǶʱһȻҲǣҪط׼ʱһɽ
һһ΢΢һЦʦˣҲ֪ǲŪʮˣ
˵ţڽϿһӣһ׳Цŷ˽ˡ


 ɴ
ʦܣĿҪġؼһæ˽һö
һӭȥ֮ҲĽ˹ҵһָͷС֡
ңһһ۱㿴ʲôиоһ˿֮⣬ͷһת֪ʲôѪͷǶʮѪ޵һʮѪ֮Уҵõβ𻢣ãϷȸ֮еõ⯣ߣ׻֮еõ˿ľǣռ֮ȴֻһһʮ֮еõޣȻûдһޣҲˡֻǲ֪֮еʲôá
һ˼غǺһЦʦܣĿҪһö
һԵ˵ͷСһöǶлʦˣ治֪θлʦֵĺá
ʦ˵ﻰ˵ʦռģΪʦܴĵôЩͨЩģΪǳ٣ѱ꣬ʮãֻҪҵӦģѱ޵ٶȱ֮ǰ˺ü˵ţزüɫɼȷʵãȴȻͣסڨڨһЦΪֵȺôѰĵ鵽ѵöʦܲҪǡ
һԺǺһЦʦñˣѼĵ飬ȴżģȶǿģʱѼöģСȴˡ
Ȼĵ˵ͷ¶һصЦ˵ʦڽԼõɽɣ֪ɷʦҹһأ
һȻ˲ΪԵɣֱǰòŽԼķɽɡֻ֮õǬɽ״һû뵽ô͵õϢǰˡ
һҲѣȡһӨ͸ĳⳤ֮һҴܣɼһˡ
ؽӹһעһУ׵ƽŸڽϣһ׵ݵӰڽ֮ƮԵʮڡ
ƷҲͬǶףǻƼƷӽһƷ󷨣ز֣һ۱㿴ʵʱҲɵþ̾
ʦܣ²ѰƷͰɣ
һЦֻ΢΢˵ͷǳˡ
Сҡҡͷͣѹʦ˿ʦܣոʱˮ׼ķɽʦܹȻǿ֮ģֻΪξûмǬɽϧʵϧ
Ҳ˵һڨڨһЦҲӹͷ
ؼһ𣬺ʲôˣʦ֪ɴȵ飿
ɴȣʲô飿
ʦһĿޣҲ֪ʱûˣ鶼֪ɴȣʮһ죬Ϊھٰ죬רΪΪʵεĵӸܵõ˵ھΪӣǰзƷ鵤ȴ裬Ʒʮַˡ
ŶȺ£ʦһ治֪һýƷͷһ˿Ȥ
ؼһ£Ҳ˾ͷһӣɴȵԴʷ¼ĳһʲôţһ㡣һҲĸȤζ
ͣһͣһصӣʦܣ֪ɴ֮ҫ۵ʲôô
ǰ˰֮ǰǧ꣬ʷȻ̫Զֻо֮ģȴ̫п֮⣬֮£ȴԼһһȤŨͷת뵽
ѵ˾˾ʦֺſʦ֣
ؼһҲ棬Цȷʵѣ֮Уȷʵλʦֳۡźǣλʦֲû棬ʱֻһ˲μˡˣ۰˴Ȱʱ䣬˵֮ڣǧ֮ҲǺˡ
һԵ˵ͷʶʩչֶΣȻ֮һ鱦նϬޱȣһ鱦ܹͨ硣ˣһͷȴҲҪ΢΢ͷ
ʦܲ³λʦֵ⻹㲻ʲô֪ܲܲ³ɴʲôı仯ص˵
仯һüͷһѵǶλʦ־ȻҪͬʱ֣μӴȣ
عһЦҡҡͷʦܹȻûܲУ˵˰ɣδȣλʦֶ޷μӣҲ˵֮˭Ҫո¶ͷǣξõĻᡣ
Ȼһȷʵû뵽Ƕ˾Ȼμӡͷɵð˵һȶԻɽϻӳƴˣ


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һδȣô࣬һӲһԣڶ֮лǰܻ÷Ʒ鵤ڶ֮пʮǿŶʦУȴʮǧȻΪҲˡôʦȤغٺЦ
һЦʦֶ˵ˣСҲҪԼʲô̶ȣڷ鵤ʲôģʦֶǰ棬Сȴǲġ
һļЦʦǫˣ⽣ɨڻ£ȡøλΪҲմ⣬ʱʦֵһȥЩ˵ֻ˿ֵҲģǵһӣǲˬ죡
һԣȻص˵ĸкЦȴҲ˵ɵøЦӭˡ
Ц֮غͳһӣ˹ȥʦܣʦҺòѼıһЩֵϣúν֪֪˰սҲú׼һǣȸܼǿĸ֣⼸Ҫעġ
һӣһ֪ʲô׼ȫɵ뵽ǰĺƷ˵ΪμӴ̵档
ʱ֮ȥˣһһӣִȻǰֵֶ֪ΣӰԼжϣȴҲ൱ãȻҲ˷ˡ
֮һٴǰȥڣһڶ潣ڣ֮Сϰٻ֮󣬱á顯죬ȻǽںȾơͬˮһĺȷһ㹻ʯҲΪϧˡ
֪Ͽμӹɴȣһɴȵ飬һɵ봧Ħһλϵ
ɴȣԭֵʱˣʱʮظʮأû뵽ôһĵıԻҪȥ
ģһͷЦȴģʵɲμӹɴô
ĵıԣȻûвμӹǵϷμˣʲôһڶͨͨҹ˵ţϹЦֻЦƽȴЩͬƺеǿζ
ЦͻȻһͣһţϳСʲôѵҪμɴȣ
һϲûвμӣЩź΢΢ʻͷ΢㷣СӱҪμɴȣԲԼʵϼȻ˵ɴΪȤСӲμӱˣ
˭֪˻ճڣһıȵҪμӣһҪμӣһҪʤһҪõһ
һɵûԼǷˣæʵǰ˵ɴʮôΪλҪСμӡ
ߣһģϷ˵ģֱʤû˿սȤ壬Сѵ˵޵ôѵ˵̽ȡô
⻰һЦҡҡͷСӲң
ǺãȻңȥμӣҪμӣҪҽһû
һСӿ»ЩΪѣϿɷͨһ
ΪѣͨڣģϷڣһģǵһ
ŶѵǰʲôֶΣһ΢
ֶΣٺ٣Ȼеģ˵꣬һЦЦ֮Уһоһ˿õζƺԼʲôһ㡣
СӣжٵˣϺȻͣЦ
һɵһ
һ಻٣ãҲֻ̫࣬Ҫɷ֮ɣ
һԵ˵ͷ̵ڵؿʼտʼʮ֮ڵĽܵһǣ׷Ͷ˹ٶȹȻܹġӣÿܹٶҲһߵʶ˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
һȫͶ֮Уϵٴδ˳¸ЦϲĶͳЦûùȵһȻܳˣһСӳҪĵһҪڵĵһҪýڵĵһϲġ
Ц֮Уƾվһ磬һ󽣡һֻǻķɵһͷƺȴʲôʱ
һȥһڽᣬҪ֪ϣȴһ¸¿ЦУСӣ㲻Ҫ֪ϷʲôֶôϾ֪ǿġٻ𡯷ϣСʹʹ°ɣ
һ䣬һûܻعһ⵱ֱֱڡһֻ̣ԼҪɥһ̣ͷԼûܿһɱҪʹĸܴȫ


Ű һ
ʹֱֲͬһ󴸺Ѹ٣˲佫飬ѡͬʱ洫ޱȵʹһལ鶼һ˲伸ʡ
ҪʵʱһϤ־ͻԺ֮Уһĳעͷ֮УȻӲųסǼѵͷһ˿
ʱϵĹЦԺ֮УڵСӣɲ˯ʱ򣬿ҹ˿ɲܹң
һǿϣ⵽ô£ѵСʲôԣҪɱҲɣ
⻰ǽϺݺݵһڣСӣϷҪɱ㣬֮òϣαش£ķԪ㻹֣޷һʱ˿ɲҪң
ʲôһ˵ʲô˼˵һҪĴôõȴԵôΪʲôھҪһ
ƨ򰾣ϷõźķԪߺߣ㵽ʱɹΣɴ͹ˣʲôã
ѵǰ˵ֶξҽһһɵǰϵĹЦԼǲõԤ
ϺٺЦͣҲϵϷҪĵһȻҪĵһʱ䲻ʱὣɷһ֮һܹӼֽɷܣʱһڵһСһ׮
һԲɵȻû뵽Ͽڿ˵ɴȡȤ塱ʵȴԼûأȻϧķԪҲҪԼ롣
ϣ⡭
һ˵ȴϺȶϣǳԵͷˣģϷϺķԪΪ㽣һʮ๦˱˵˾ͽպ͵־ˡ
⻰һֻÿЦٴοڵСӣעˣЩǰ࣬ϷҪֺĽԼסﻤסٽܹ֮ıų֮סӡǣϷɲ𰡣
á֣һͷһʱ״µҪԣҲ֪Լ֮ҶϣŴ󷽷ĴӱҶ֮֮ԺԼӡǰʵʵſʼת
ãϷҪˣеۣŰɣ
һ䣬һĵ֮жʱͬǿʮֵĽ֮ǽ֮һɹޱȣ޼᲻ݵɷ͸˵ȻǽĽɷ
ɷ뽣ȻͬԽΪȴͬȼĴڡǽȸޱȵĸ֣˲֪Ľɷһɷֵùһ֮енܺͣԷǿ˵֮ͬڱûпɱԡ
ڽɷ͵˲䣬һǸܵвȻȳɷ˹ȥɶ˻ӣЩɷû˿𻵣ǽȴһΡ
һжһ֮УڿĹ֮УȻһУ⽣ɷʱͷȣƺޱȵʹ඼˴롣
Сӣˣ
ŽһȣЩɷŶÿһɷѰһ㹥ȥϸȥЩɷǺÿһɷȻʩչһֽУһ
һЩ֮УϤģĬĬף׽һ֮߿裬Ȼֹ֮ҲʽЩʽֻڲ⽣ĻӰʱһ׶˷еǧ׶׽أ׻𡭡һʲôƺףѵ⾳ֶΡ
ոմࡶ⽣Ľ֮лعʱһƬĽɷʩչĽٴνȥЩȻǽ潲ָģһһԵޱȣ⽣֮еһЩоȻ˿
ԭϴڵĽǼߣֻһûˣһһ̲ŸоԼÿһֵöʯġصȰٻǶôĻˡ
Ȼȱ˱⽣뽣ɷײĳʹǼ򵥣һľҲﵽ˼ޱԵҲ޷ĿЩУֻÿάⵤӡǵİȫ
Ҳ֪ʱȥ˶ãһһ˿ͷʱһϤСӴʱʱ
ϣˣһʵ
ϺٺһЦһ룡
ʲôһ룿һ뻹Ҫʱ䣬Сҿɼֲ˶ʱˣ
ٺ٣ȷʵֻһ룬һɲϷɣСɿȻҲԲüֻ֣һǽɢȥͷܵʹǰ׹


ž ޵֮Լ
ʲôһֻһ룬ͷ˰أ˵ҪԼɺһ룬ǰģһʱ򣬲֪״̬֮ﱬȻһɽơ
һ뵽ԼĿ๤ܻһһǸԼСڽ󣬿ͲܶԷʲôǰھҪʩĳ嶯ˡ
ƺҲЩʮѵõĺͻСӣ뿴ôûһΣպʹô룬̶̼ʱ䣬ͽʡʮ֮飬ϷڣˣҲ벻İ
һýз˼Ҳͷ룬˼˵ĵɣһΣգǿĿ๤ԣӦòˣϣ˼ʵңǲǻʲôˣ
һȻѾϻһͣŹСӵǾϷ¸̫ѹãȻµ͸ˡǴ˴νںϲɹɢٺ٣ǵ鿩
˴Σһ׼ûǰǰ嶯Ƭ̲ϣǾʹȥʮʮʧܣϻʲôֶξʩչɣֻҪŪ
СӣȻ˵óĻϷûп㣬Ȼ㶼ô˵ϷϧǮȴССˣϷֶ˵˵ֻҪСܹͦסϷ˵лᣬʮ֮ڽɷɣ֮ὣԪܻǧ꣬һ޵УΣ
ʲôһΪԼ飬һ鶼ܹžһ仰Ҳ˼Ҳѡ
ôСӲôϺٺЦ
һȴ֪λشҪ˵ţش˭˵Լ޵УҪ˵ţҲ˵仰һ٣Ҳ˵
ٺ٣Сӵ˼ϷҲֻ֪ҪСܹͦסֻҪܹһǧ꣬ʱ֪ϷԷ飬ʱôӦһ飬յĽΣ
⣡һԽԽôԿţθţʲôݣȴ˿ò뵽϶˵ˣԼôһ죬ӦһҲ㲻óԿСôһ죬飬Сɱ鷸ƣСҲǡ
һӦϺٺһЦø黫СӣıǣʱϷ򲻻ɱֻǴӦɲҪ˲ǡ
һ֮еأҲɵ˼ָȾӦ
ãԵҲ˵ˣСӿϷŤתǬֶΰɣʮأϵ£ܣ㣬֮ಹ֮㣬ܱ䣡
һ䣬һֻһΪʶͻڡǰעԼڵĽɷͬһɽûһƻ֮ƺһӴ޺־ҪͶԼԺͷ֮У̲Լһ㡣
ʱǰΪתɷ֮жһ񳤽ʱҲƵĳһɡ˹ȥУÿÿһڽ⣬ǰ񳤽鶯һ֣һоԼͷӡҲǴһ֡
һʱһоԼͷָ˻ӡǶ˹ԣмֳɳӡоԼǰɽɵǱҲǰɽ
һȫɣ֪飬ȴ˵ǽȴֲͣûܽˣû뵽߶Ȼɬ˼֣ܹȡһִɬɬɣҲԷþССӣôһ޵׶һϷĽѵǰ׿ˮ˻ôСʮĹ˰ɣǻСӶ㹻ˣ˰ˣѼʮ깦ѣҪҴ˵ʮ꣬һΣһ㣬үҲҪҵôһҲȥСӳԸҵҪ̶ٽȥ̽ȥ٣³һΡ
һ֪һ˵ȴеһԴԴϣԼĽ͵ķſ˹Ƭ̣ͷӡǣǰ񽣶ûУ·ĺһ㡣ʱһȥһȥգһŽоб͵˼ǰҲɽٶȡ
ã֪ͺãϵһͷ֮УʱԴԴϵĽʱȥԴͷǽĺ
оԼͷһʱǼԼֵĺһ뽣һģȻҲллϳȫ
˭֪´ĽϽȴûж˵ʲôֻһһΪͻȻתӡ֪λǰΪԼһʱʧߣ̳Խ֮ķٶĹȻʹѣȴпԡ


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һɻʱһ˸ͼעԺ֮Сϵٴδ㽣һҪ飬˴γɰҪܹڽһ֮Ᵽһӣ󲻵ܹӵнɷܱһȻǴĽޣȴˡ˵꣬ϱٲ
һ֪ԼŬˡ󲹡֮ľޱȣͷҲǿʮֹķֶãһ۲쵤֮еһ洧ĦһҳԼ
ʱĵ֮УһٶͲӰһһ֮У˵һǱǿĽˡһ֮Уÿһ΢СĿһڻֽУ
սϴһ֪Ҫڶ̶̼֮ڽһȷǳֶΣҪһֽع顮̬Լ϶Ϊһ
һʱһŴĦԼҪĺˡһķھһͼģһȵֶλת˵ϹĲ湦תɣһɽղ֮⹦ȴǲȱȫݽϸĽתΪžŰʮһתǿںϽÿתһΣһνһĻᣬھžŰʮһתҲֻһɵĳɹʣΨһֵοǣаʮһλᣬܺɾžŰʮһתԼĪ߰˳ɵĿԡ˵ﵽžŰʮһתҪɾתǶǧˡ
뵽һɵ΢΢ɣͷһת뵽ԼܹôŰ񡣴ʱǰжľŻǲ·ȴֻôһ·ˡ
Ȼ𣬲ȥ¼ٵֻͣҪмʣǾгɹĻᡣҾһɹᶼûУҲҪһ·
һжɣ˵һ飬ԼҪĲһһ˸ʼתǡת
ͷķھͼ뵤֮Уͽֻһϸϸһнͽһ˿˿УأԽԽ󣬶ͽҲԽԽࡣһʱʱ䣬ɽ֮Уٹһʱųɽ֮СһɵĽȴʮ翹ξǲϽС
תһת
һǿŵﱻʹʱ˾תĵһתʹжȻǿһͬʱǿһʱǲһɽ͵Сͬʱǵһתĳӵϣֵͬιһ㣬ϮԺӡǶȥ
סһҪס
ȡ㹻ͷȻӲĽһסһʱ䣬ʹͬˮһȥһ֪ԼһתĳһȡĽⲹͷģһ߳̽ȥ
ֻбǰһбԵתٶĳһ㾧Ө֮ɫϸȥȴǾӨ͸Ľ
һͷһϲ֪ǽһ״̬ȻֻΪžתʱ֣һͣ¾תͻɢһμһ״̬һ˿ɾ͸ӿһͷ
ת̫󣬼ǰĲ䣬Ҳܳ÷øϿﵽĽһʧˣ
һ뵽˴ϲ֮⣬ԥķ˵ڶתתת
תǽһı仯Խ죬ֱڰתѾӨĽһһˮһ㣬תȴʼʱٱϸȥѾҵĽһ
һͷȴһ㶼ɣ˵ʣµֻɽɽȴǿģҲԽһġͬʱǲµĽһδתк͵ֵ֮Ѿ꣬Ҳ뽣ں֮Уʹòϣͷ⣬ҲϧϷ֣˳ֻڽһĹ֮Уȴûһá
ܹƵֻʣʶͷ֮д뽣⡣еοǣҶ֮еܹ֮Ϊֵ󲿷־תתҲս֮һ
תھת
Ųɹʵľģһ˵ھת
֮һӽڣ֮𣬶ʱ潣ڣĽڣɽȣɽͬʱ֮ӭͬһ㡣һȥ˲䣬һԶ֣ڣסǽ֮ŲܴȥֻǾþõĻصڽڣ֮С
ٹգһɽ֮һʱ̥һ㣬ٲ˵Ϣһʵĳɱ񣬷ɱ


һ ħŹӰ
֮أԭԴڣһǷ֮з˳ֱֱڷȥ֮ϲˣɳȥִԬɡʱԬȴû֮е緢ͷɢҵţǹѪ˿ϷķҲԵòͬսһ㡣
ģССԴɻ˾ͻˣȴôһ鷳֪Ľ˵ñڵЩϼһҲҪһȣ˵ʲôҲˣôһ̯ǵܲһԪڣҶţ貨ŵЩҲó֡ȻһɶʩħƣһȻ˵´ңһͿ̿Ĵ֮λħųƶ𣬿¾鷳ˡõǣһƬؽħʵ󣬼ħⱣռһؽ磬ҪɹץҲôףʱϼλܽЩħһ򾡣ɨĸɸɾˡ
Ԭ˼䣬ǰɽ֮ͻȻһỤ̃һ߳Ԭ˹
ħӣҶָ֣֪̣ٳ壬س壬г壬ɱ
˫һӣɫָһʮֵϢֱӴںϣۼûУûһϢʱ䣬Ǻڷɫʹ⣬Ӻըʱ߻ع̶ɢ
СҶۣηħͷԬһն߳ɹͷһֽĿУͣ½⣬Ǻ߷ųĵطȵ
Ƭ̣ȴûҲûκԬͷɣԼϻҪ鱨ҪشУȻ´˴ΣȴҲֵʱ䣬ܵ𷣣Ҫ齣ȥ
ʱһЦ·˳һż֮˵ɽһӽ˵ãû뵽һȴǼ治ϡƽϡƽ
ԬԣüͷһȻоԷΪԼ൱ͷȴԣֻҲԸͷһЦȵ󱲣ֻҲͷ¶βкʸɽһǿҪһԣͽͷҿһԣ֪֮ǳء
⻰ǰ֮Ҳֻ֣ЦȻɽӣããԹҵĽɣ֮󣬻ǳζʹãɵĽ޵Ǽĺòϡ
ԬƢͱ꣬˾ҪԼﻹϾʹȥһ󣬷ɽ֣˴ʱɱȥŭȵҼɣ
˳ϢɱȥʱðӰ
ãһ˲䣬ԺĳתҪߣʱʮɫϷͻأ֣ɱ֮ͳն˹
͵ϮԬһսӦԵ׼ƲնԷˣɫȴǲϲӭͷϡ
һӣֱվʮ֮ϣЩɫȻ綹һ㣬һ˻ױơԬɻûļ˵ʱһӦɢĽȻǿŤº£Ʋĳն˹
ͻأı仯ԬͷһǿתŶ˿ȥһ˲䣬ȻʲôһĿǻɫɱ¾ѵɱϹݣܣϹô
ǱЦʱһͣһЪ˹ĺϹݣʲôϹݣѵֻϹݻʩչɱ¾һᣬҪ֪ϲֹһϹݣ
˻֮䣬ֻʮϰٵɫɱ¾Ԭɼ״ͷȻΪԷϹһɱ¾ȴͬʮּɵһ߻賤ֵһѸٺˡ
Ϲݣȴɱ¾˿ԷҲʲôħŵĵӣȴûһħŵĺۼص̫ħŵֻ·ˣ黹ǽгȥǣֻҪܹȻȥˣ
Ԭɷɱ¾֮гһÿѣ˼һһ˳ȥ㽫Щɱ¾˦ԶΪѵʱ򣬺һǰû֣Ǻ͵һǣС

ȴ˵һ˽ڣҲլԺַһǸСֱӳ֮׵ɽȥ
ɽ⣬һ̧ͷ˿ΡĸɽҲͣһͷǺɽȥûʲôö˵ʲôܹеǰȥģǾǡħߡôһ
ǰĿʲôõʲôջ񣬵ȴΪܷͶܻƵǶǰȴѾʿͱڵӣ֮ǰʵݶ˺ܴı仯


 ֻ
˱ڵӵݣһ׵ĴӹµӴǼűħ߶ǰΪϤĶȻĸпȴûʱ㷢ҲһǿضţӴԱĵӣֱӻһ˽ȥ
һʧħ߶Ƭ̣һɨŵӰڶǰԶһɲݿµˡһڴˣȻϳǵԼضŵʱ򣬼ʮεɨˡ
ͣɨ㣬תͷħ߷˿Ƶ˫֮оȻ͸һ˿âɱ˵һʲôȴûҲû˹ġϸȥȴôһ
̶̼겻СӾȻĽ⣬š⽣ƺЩϤʲôءˣǸӣôЩûжˣȴͲסį˰ɣһӣһϢӦὣɷɣҲԣὣɷҲƲýӵͽܣ꣬ӦֻɣϢȴԾѵǽһʱˣѵһٳһšˣžŰɣվڵӣ
˫۵ľâ˲»عǣɨ㣬ħ߸Զķɨ˹ȥ
ȴ˵һħ֮УûƬͣᳵ·һ·ȥڶ㣬㣬Ĳ㣬ֱ㣬΢ͣ˽ŲɲĿĵأնƼ·ħٴγȥ
㣬ħħ֮и߽׵Ĵڣһ൱ڸ֡һ˼䣬Ƕ˶꣬ʳһ㣬Ⱥ
ȥ߲óȻȥǲãһϤһ£ЩħӦ㹻ͷˣ
ͷתһһŤħǹһ˿ЦҲȡɽ˫ָһʮǰֱֱĳЩħɱ˹ȥ
ЩħȻЩǻۣڵ¾ˣȴ⡣˽ɱֻֻͬǣֱӲʶ㲻Ťӭȥ
һȻҷĲʩչֶΣʹ˽˵⽣в֮Щٵħڵ˲䣬׷׷ĽѲ֮ЩħȻ򵥵㱻лƣǶϳأǻһ󶴡
Ƭʱ䣬Ƚʯͷħ׷׷˻˲ûЩħͷ֪ѶˣԣĻצǳһ˹
ãܺãû뵽һ֮ʩŵĽȻɽһҪʵڼ֣ҲֻнɷļܹὣɷǺεֱֹ죬ԽսӦòʲôˣףЩħͷȻҫãСүǸճ¯ıҪЩĥʯĥɣĥʯ飬ǾԸʷ׵ĥʯɣ
һһЦҲٽʹýһӣǱΪɽУĶһһľӨУʱӥХһƬ쳹ҡ
ֻһ磬˷ڶħ֮Уʩչ⽣ĽȴܽˮݣԼһһע޽ĳָ⽣۳һûһͷħܹסԱġνһʱ
Ȼһ˷֮˷޹ħ֮Ȼ۳ħ֮Уȴûȡħ衣ȴǲͬȫƾһǿޱȵĽɱЩħ޺졣
󶯷ħӡ㽫ЩԪˣħӡʱȻǱȲ̨ӱҶٶȣȴȡͷħٶȣΪħûʹʵѷɫͬߣȴҲԶ˻ȡħʮ֮ˡ
ĥ³ԳϲңЩĥʯȴЩӣǸȥˣȥ߲ʱˡ
һӳ⽣ʱЩħ÷ˣһһʱһ׹߲⳯Ķڷȥ
ħߵ߲ļħڣ൱ڽΪļħһҲҪűҶŸǰһʯ֮УЩħ໥ɱɣΪͷļ壬ʱ޿̲Щ顣
һ̣һ׹ӶȻը绨ʯħ̧ͷ
ŵĳһ˭ˡǳ¯ıʱ͸ĽͬʱҲҪϺõĥʯĥ׹⣬ĥ³ɲؿɷŵķâ
ŵѪȵĲӬһΧĴħһûһ֮⣬Цħǣþòһֻˣɣɱɣ


 ˵͵
һ֮һ쳹ɽʱɽƽϣһݹ⼤ɽȻҲ⣬еӲǶӣһ𵤵ӣ㳲ԦŽ⳯ɽɽᡣǰɽϣһʮֿƽ̨½½еƽ̨֮ϣǾȴһȺţƺϾҪʼһʢӡ
һʱ֮󣬱ʮĽɽϷ֮ǿ֮ͣǽ𵤵ܹ⡣˵Щ˶ԪӤˣһĴڡ
һʮ䵽ƽ̨ϣԭӵƽ̨ʱλĵ˵ͷһλ뷢ף࣬һۿȥϳĳԽڶ
³ϣ˾ХƳϡλϳ֣ϱеӿں˵λʮȴΪÿһλ϶ΪӽʶֻҪþˣϵ䶼֪
˾ϲΪ⣬ɨһۣ˰ŵ˵ͷʮһɴȡ˵ʢᣬԶӮ֮ⲢɱдУǰ·֮գᶨ֮ġ뵱꣬»ңħͷͿ̿ʦԽ²ΪΣɵڣֵء
˾ɴΪʼڵĽλʦķɽһʷ٩٩̸ȻǾᣬ˾Ͽ˵ȴûһ¾ɵζǿڶѪڡ
Ǻһ³֮УҲסͷ֪ͬܵ˹裬˾ϵĺÿڲš
һƪ֮˾Žջأ˴ɴȣӶ֪ΣҲ׸һ㣬ɽһǰȥμɴȣн𵤶ʮʮμӴʸĵǰ̨μӽ𣬴ʣ㹻ǻòμʸĵӡ
˵֮䣬˾ϻһָƽ̨룬ͬСԲǧɵ̨εض̨ϣ󷨣ϴµӶõĲ֪˶ٱ
ڶԳɣ˳̨Ϸ˹ȥ˵һеڶ̨֮ϣܿˡ̨ǷһӺͶӣһӵ̨վٶˣӸǶʮֹΪ̨ҲԵӵ
˾ϣϷӣվ̨ܣȻΪԤ֡
ڴʱһɽɽ·ɳɽ֮ϣһȻڣȴǹһЦ⣬һϢ֮ǰ˲ͬ˵֮ǰǸճ¯ıȺͷâ¶ǴʱȴУȥâıȴһΣա
׿˿ǱģĹȵףһ˵ʲôȴϵı仯ʱɴȿʼˣһЦֻǹȵ׺һһġֱӳɽȥ
㹦򣬵̨׼μӽ½½ˡʱ̨ӵ̨վŵĵѾˣϡϡ඼ڵĶӣڽڵһȴȫˡ
һȺӵ֮У޼ལˡǶ˿ǽ̨ڶӣҲΪУҲ֪ȻϴϻۣܳⱾ֮Уȴ㲻ʲôһʮ뱾ڵĵӾ͹Ǵſˣ̸ȥμɴȡ
ʮ֮Ҳһμӵģ޼ΪƵ˵
ལԿЦľͺãʮ֮󣬿Ҳȥһ⣬ҪòμӴȵʸȴϼѰϾɿľʱĻۣҲңЩʮ꣬ʮʦֱء
޼һǲ˵һȴԵǰ
ˣʦϳĻ˵ûܵõμӴȵʸƾǽ֮٣ЩʦֵĹҲǿܵġ
޼üǵ˵ͷһֱΪ˺˲ܽţʦֵı˵ʦܵ飬վǲԣ
ལԿЦ㻹⣬֮ҲǱƲѣʦȴʵ˵ãǵûг󣬷Щ˵ȻûŵǸȴҲФʦܲҲûзô
޼˵ͷȴǰû˵ֻǾؿ̨ڴʱһըһֱӻգƽ̨׹ըȴһڵӰ
һ޼ѹ
ףʦܣལҲһڵˣһûǸᵽһ͵ˡ


 ʸ
ı仯һʱɴȼʼʱ˵̣ɴӹͬμӣ֮ǰýиѡʵǿĵӣ㳯ɽɿ˹ȥ
ֱʸ֮£ùٷ˵ΪӴȵľʳ̶ȣ˽һȴ²˵ΪƵʵǿɽɽ֮УʤӹҲס˵һֻһЦ֮ˡ
Ϊ˸ʱ䣬һֱʹ׹䵽ƽ̨ϣȴòע⡣޼ལ˽񣬵˵ͷ
ʦܣˣҪμɴȣһɾʹˣ
һûиལ޼ˣͷ΢ϲԭʦֺʦ֣СҪһԣ֪Ǻε
ǰһ仰̽һȻҪμӴȣལﲻɵͷ΢࣬ȴһһʮĽ֪һ
һ˽ϸֳ˵һл㻯̨⳯ȥһ̨ãûҪ̨˾һ£̨ͬʱ̨֣ϵĽֽ˻Сͬʱһ֣˲Ƭ֮ÿ϶һ
˾̨룬ɫĵȻÿһȶ£еΥαٴ֮꣬вɱ֣ɱԶȨ˾ԼʵҲȻᱻԶ̨ͬҲȨǿˣ
ڵӽԹֳŵ˾ŵ˵ͷںȵʼ
ʼһ̨֮бͺնʱһתͬһʱ̣еӶɽԼǰͬɱ˹ȥһʱ֮䣬ɫݺύ̨ϹһѤĹ⾰
̨һ䣬һ£࿡ݣΪﵽڵĵӻһ㳯ǰһֻΪĻµɱ˹ȥǰµӳֻ֣ʮΧһԲдʣϷɣԲֹɵ˲䣬ͬʱ
ǻµӲΪϲһǶľҲԲ㣬һַɽæӽסµӳô򵥣ÿһⶼǻµӽײɢҼ֣һֹȥ㰵ޱȡ
ڻµ׼ٴιעͬʱȴǰµԾٶȹǰһѾ˲ϡ
ʦܣ㻹Ȩɣ˿ǲãµӵ˵
⻰ǻµϵľžȻ̾һ̧һ⻪ӵ浯һ̾ͳ̨֮⣬ͷɥվһȥˡǰµֳһڵĵɱ˹ȥ
ڵڵӵ̨ϷϾҶǴˣڵĵȻԼȻʵԼ˼˱ˡ˵峡ˡ̶ʮʱ䣬ʮڵӱ̭֡
һô׽ɱҲѰ˶һƵȴҲɱʱһڵĴ󺺿˱ɫվǰǺЦλʦ㲻һɣ
һԵͷ˿ϣŷһɫòǿ֮⣬һķûˡһħ֮еľԷ˵Ҳûʲôˡ
ʦּ£ʦü˻ûлһ·
óʦҲһ֮ˣ˾ʦֵҲ֣֪ʦԸԼ˳ʦԶ֣
һ˦Уһ΢΢һЦʦְֶɣСȻһβμɴȣȴҲԼ̨ȥ
󺺼һ£һЦʦ˵úãɽǲսҲ㲻ýˣʦϼ֣ҲΪʦˣʦȳְɣ
һ΢΢һЦһ⼤䳯Ǵ󺺶ȥ󺺱ΪһѰڵӣηϣǴ󽣿ڼϻûз˼⿰ƾ޵һѸײڶ֮٣գ۱ɱǰͷһ
ǴҲڵĸ֣ѽһһأαˣͬʱץϴͬŰһ㵲ǰһ˲䣬һ֮ϴ󽣶ȹԾѡ
æڴһĨһһžУʲô顣ԭ֮дһ貵⣬һУ͵һʣŽһ߽飬ɢ
׳һ㱻Ϸ磬ͷȻԸ⣬ŭһһڽϣʱǹһһ޶ĳ콣ը֮һɱȥ


 ߾ն
һ콣дı֮ϢܹʯըڻһԶԸȴҲԸӲƴϾֻһΪ˵õʸĽ㲻ʽһʵǱҪġ
ָһһٴһ⣬һתܣһ߷ųͽĥһתʮΣǽҲĥ˴룬źȻԳΣһն£״顣
ʱ˸նţʮࡣһһֶΣԼǼ˱ȴߵ壬Գһ֮ɫָֻܿЦһЦ
û뵽ҾȻۣʦһֽ൱ΣϾȻ׵֮˵ã൱˵ãʦҽʦʲô֣
ԭʦ֣ʦһŲǽʦִ֡Ҫʦһ׻нʦأ
һȴЩ죬ȴ벻ˣ˿ʦҲ֮һսҴˬˡҲùǸʲôƹأЩһ֪һ˼ûУʦʵģˬأ
νء˵ȻڸСڵֵԭˡֻ⻰˼ƺмڴˡм٣ȴһҪǵ飬ϾĿֻǵõμɴȵʸˡ
лʦֿ佱ǽܹʦִˬˣҲʦܵң
ʦ̫ˣʦֵܶڴأ˵Ҳ㲻һ¶Ҳְɣ
ʦ˵˱ǣ
һЦһֳֽһĵû볤֮СƬ̣һĳǻ֮дܳһͷǣצĳ۾
ʦСˣΪ⽣߾նʵСǰȥɴȣռʦһֽȴǼϲʹʦܿɵСģ
һ˵ͷָ𽣾ʱ׵֮Ҵܣž׵֮֮ȴѷһ
߾һն
ֻսǾӰ͵Ĵ֮УŰ˲ԶĴ󽣸͵һǣһŰ塣һӣһʮӰȺͶʯֱֽӳһն
һ޴ġŰ塯ͷҲ΢΢裬һ߷ɴܶ˲һ׵罣Ű󽣺˹ȥ׵罣⡮Ű塯ƺûһã׷׵俪ȥ
ף׵绯նɱ
ֶ̽ûãһҲңֽУϽ󶯣һը촫϶ʱһ׹⣬ֱֱĳǡŰ塯ɱ˹ȥ
ٺ٣ʦܣʧˣ
̧һָǡŰ塯󷽶ʱһƬ⣬ͬʱŰ塯Ȼ١һ˲䣬׹պôȴǷŵˡŰ塯һֱ
ʦֶθ߳СҲ׼֪ٿҲ첻׹⣡׽
Ǽ׹׹һ̶ȻתۣȻǰһٶȣֱӺڱΪѵġŰ塯ϣ׹һƬžһϸ΢Ĵ죬׹롮Ű塯Ӱӵһϣһ˿Ƴ֣Ѹչȥһ̣׹µֱӴŰ塯һ죬ŰһԶĵطɢ
һУҲ٣ĹЦʦֶܺΣ߾նֻôһ֪ʦܹӦ٣
һҲԼֶΣ΢΢һЦʦֵҳ֣Сܽбǣ
ãʦ˸˵仰ˣʦǵһ߾ڶնɽ
߾նĵڶնɽʩչһŰ塯һŰ塯Ƿȴһɽ󸫺ɱ
һһٴȷ˶Էֶζư󿪴ϵĽСȽУʺϵİ취Ǳâյ룬Ѱº֡
ȴһһͬʿһˬҲɵñӰ˼֡ҲȡâֶΣὣ𣬳ǿɽӭȥ
״ٺһЦһɽ󽣺ݺݵ
˫ӣһֻݹһƥζѹһɺƣǷһ˿Ц⡣
𣬿ߣ鿪ɽɱ
һߴϷǴֱܶǿɽ󽣶ȥһֻռССһƬ档֮䣬ǧ֣߳ɽ󽣸һ㡣
ôߣʲôãѵЩСֵҵĿɽնô
ЦЩ߿һ̣ȴ¶һ˿һ˿ȻԭЩռһ֮󣬾Ȼɿ趯趯򵥣һ趯һ߳ȥ


 ʮС
ЩȻǿȴʵ׵û׵֮գͬȼĻ֮Ҫǿһ֡ǸֱӶԿ󽣣ֻ̾ڽһСС򣬻ͷβȻһ㣬һ㳯ȥ趯һһСףС׳ȥ
ͨķӦһ仯б䣬ڴϼһñпɽ֮Ĵ󽣸һ
ʦ֣СҪڶնˡ
һһ󣬱һըǴϴԭ֮еĵ߾ȻԱը֮һƬǿۺޱȵĿɽҲܲＰƻְ߲ͬ֩ܲܿȱڣžһƬɢƬʱһ󽣱ƶٳͬǧá
߾ƣ
˴˻ᣬһתһ绡ݺݴǴֻ֮պյĴ󽣵۶أֱػɢ
ףıˣ
˿дȼյĻ棬Ϸǵûзŭһ˿ͬҹ˼һ㶢һ
һֵʦ֣СҲ߾նӦûն֪ʦֿɷͽ̣
ЦʦܹȻ˵ãȻˣʦֵҲˣʦСģһΪҪǰնʹãǰǴ˲٣ʦǽӲ¿ɲҪӲӳȥˡ
ûһ˿αһصĵͷлʦѣСʡãʵڵֵˣȻʦֲҪǡ
飿ʦܷģֱȫû顣ˣʦͽһС߾նɽѵأնһ
ֳִǰ裬ĽӰ˲仯ӰΧΧնһӰʱ·һɱ˹
һ·ǿɽһ󽣴ſɽ͵һ·ǽһ콣ӰŶķ˹·һ·ֱɱһûʧƬ֮󣬵ѿһ߿ķ϶һػ𣬵ػ֮ǵӰȻӵ³һɴ̹
·ͬʱһǰƿԿû֮⡣
󽣣һֻǽԼ°ڣȴǿȻʱòûмȥһɣƽ˼׳֮⡣
ⷬսԶЩڵڵӣˣܹ⡣ʩչġ߾նһġ֮߿衯ʮò˹ע˵ûй涨׽ɱͬڵӣɽһȺܣΧ֮Σ黹ġ
һЩ˽ִܺȴϽɱͣŶˡһ
йأҪȽʵ̭ˣóȥɽô˿ʵ൱ΪʲôͶô
㿴һ㣬Ǻµӿڣ
ʲôھѵǸ鳤ôĿͷڵΪǰ׸ģȻһڵĵӶԸˣ
꣬Сһ㣬ûʶϹ£ʮС㶼ϵãѵ뱻߳ô
ʲôʮС֣Ȼţ˵
ߣ͸ɨɨäպȥɽӡڵһΪ𵤺ͬ۸ҲȻҪΪ𵤸ֺ֡𵤵֮еĸֻ֣ӸֻС֮֡дֵĵһ˵Ҳ֪˰ɣǿǴ˾ͽʦ֣һ־նɱħŷɥ
˾ͽʦֵ飬Ȼ֪ʮ̨˵ȸ˵˵ʮСֵġ
ٺ٣ã͸˵˵ʮС֣ʮСΪ䶯ȴûоԵǿߣҲ˵ֻ˵˵ǵĳƺšʮСֱַ񽣣ֹ⽣ֽ׽ɱˮľƵؽƽԼǰһλʮСÿһλ׵йѰӣ㿴Ž֮˭λʦ֡
ŶԭˣһλʦʲôˣѵҲʮС֣ھܸʮС֮һòʤɲһ
ģʮС־˵㿴һУǰǿ˿ɲֹһСǡ˵ǵӺȻͣ
ʲôô˵ȥ
ߣˣǣǾ͵̭ɣһ䣬һһӶΧ۵ĵҲ׷ɢȥ
ʱһ˴ڶĶˣȻ뷢ɵóһնһçȻʽѵ˶ʸô


 仯
ͣƬ̣ʮɷ׽һƣ϶Ϊһһ͸ɱľӨڿС
˾ҲˣӼ˾Өȴû˱ܵ˼ЦŴк
ͥ˾βӨϹ⻪תʱԳһĿݹֻΪ䵭Ǿǧ֮һ㡣
˾˵ЦˣɴʮһΣѵõʢᣬǴһд̨Ȼ˶μӲźãֻ˾Ѱʱ򲢲ע˱ȶȴǰΪɻˣѵ˾׼ֲɣ
˾üͷһƣһһçֵҳ֡
ͥһȻѵǲ֪СӣӿмֶΣʹ׽൱׵֮ҲѵˣӦò˾עɣ
˾Գһ˿мµĲǰСֻ֣û뵽Ȼôç˸ֻ֣޲ֽѵӡ
ͥ΢΢һЦҲʲôֻתͷķȥһ˲䣬ƺʲôĶ΢΢鶯һ
ȴ˵һֱնһ治ɫ˹һУһָϻÿһλһ׹⸡֡Ƭʱ䣬֮Ͼͳ߲ķԿȥͿѻһ㣬ϸȥȴܷÿһ֮жŤߡ
⣬һ֮򣡡
һᳪϵķķ׷׼ƾһȻһöö˸׵⻪顣Щ˷ֳٷ׷ըϸС飬˷䣬һ㣬ըΣһΪģʮ֮ڣָͷС顣
ʱӰиǴ̻׷͸֮СϸСֵܹ֣׷ױ黯һ׹潦䡣鱻ѹʩųķ׵ȴûɢܱߵ顣һϸıը֮һƬ֮˲䲼׹ߣ⻪ڨڨ֮һ㡣
һУһĵ˵ͷȴʦܣһȴǵסնһϽ׼ùɲã
һԺǺЦлʦֹģСһлûнʦһܹͨʦֲ߼ͽ̲ǡ
һҭһЦãȻʦܶô˵ҾͲˣ߾նһɱɱһ޴Ӱӿٶȳһɱ
úã֮򣬻Ϊף׻׽򣡡
һϽȻǿҴܶĵ˲һͣɵͬһתתһȦô߻׹̽׹ⳤһɣײ˹ȥ
ͻ׹̽ԶԶǳ󽣵Ķ֣ײȥ鿪ٴתȻ޷ֵ󽣣׹̽ȷʵ̫࣬ԴԴϣһ㳯󽣳ȥŽƼ
ֶΣҵ߾նɲ򵥵ʦʶʶʲôնһ߾նһն
͵һ𣬾ȻѸٿ£һȻ֮Ϊһҡһĳǰһӻ֮зڶɳ͵һͷ϶ǳ𣬳һࡣ֮ͻĸžડžડը죬׷ը飬ꡱȻ֮˫ӥצ
ĲĹޣһʲôȴٻߣȻҲƲʲôֻܱԡνԣǼѪޡʵڣļᵤޣҲ֮ͨͬеǿߡ
ԣ˵һҪ˱һֻǻûӦ߾նĵնȻˣҲ쵹Ҫնζ
һٺһЦҲΪҫĻԶ·ֺһӣܱ׵˲仯׹ⳤǻɱ˹ȥǰһ֮ǰҲ˵֮ǵƬǽû뵱ɽжԸɽ֮ʱʩչ仹Щơ׵糤ȥֻܷ׷飬˴ȴ赲ֺ첻ֻǻҡͷβ㳯һ˹ſŻĴڣһ˹
һдȴҲһ¡ͷһһ׹ȥǻѸٵһھȻֻһաڴʱԳβȴԸһٶ˹ǵһ㳯׹ɨ˹ȥ


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һβ׼ˡ˲䣬Ħ֮βĩƬƬƬһâ˳λֱһޱȵ֮쾹ȻһʩչĽݶݹ⡣
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û뵽çӾȻ˼
Թ۵ͥ˾涼ɵΪ⾪޵һȲʣΪͬĴڣȻһ۾ͿһɱеɱͷȽϣվԼһǸλÿҲҪЩܵѡ
ˣ˶Ϊһʹ˰ܱǲȻҪ˵ʱ򣬱׹֮һᳪ
췢ɱޡطɱ½ɱ֮ŭù׽
ֻǴ׹βݹײһ˲䣬һƿ˸ŲҰ׵Ĵ󽣴׹֮ббĴ˳ƫУβһƬϡһ޼᲻ݵƬ˲ѣɫӨƮɢ
Ǳ׹󽣲ʹ֣ݺݵĴȥβ֮У͵һһ죬ǰһ̻ҫβȻ׹֮£ȥɳ̡
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β壬һ棬Ѹȼյβתۼ䣬ɳ̵βɢˡ
ֱʱһŴӶݹ֮Գֳִ󽣣շһͷһ÷ӭǸǹһ˿΢Ц
˾ڵжԾѡڼһҲȻҪԿͥ˾棬Լʩչһֶε
ʦܵʲôˣȻס߾նĵնǺˣʵҵ֮Ҳ˰ɣͥԾ
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ʮǼӱһֱӱͥ÷ʸһ״ﻹж˼ֻñԶͥ΢΢һЦһ߷ȥٴʩչֶͬΣɿɨųЩʵĵӡ
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ԭˣҵ֮˳ΪһʺϵĽȷʵʮҪˡʦնûзӳȫȴʵǿϧˡһԼΪһʺϵķɽ飬ȴΪݡ
ʦǽޣǵûоҵնΪ˿ϧͿʦһ֮ĵķϣʦܺһҲôˣ
ԸҴǣ
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һ״Ҳʾˡ֮ĴһĨʱ񱩵ϢӴϷһ׻һߣž֮ȻͬСɡ
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Ϊ˽μɴȵɽɽƽ̨֮ϣǧɷԲ̨εضֱ̨һ𵤵ӺͶӱȶȻͬǵһ𵤺ȴ֮
ΪСС֮УԻĳϵϯλԸ齨壬齨һ߼ɼ壬һӵȣη両Լҿ԰硣
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ϼ״ǺһЦҡҡͷ˾ʦܣ˱ԣܹɽ𵤻ʲôõģǽ֮е׶̳ĺأ
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˾ҲգЦŵ˵ͷΪͬ
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Ŷ˻ϱ仰˼Ȥ
Ǻǣʦ֪СӲǴߣʦһ㣬ǻйתԽҴ˽ʦġ׽°
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⻰֮⣬ȷʵ˾˵ֱһõ顣ڳ֮ܲԵ޹ʱǰȥ˵ҪͽˣҲԼʦ̫ۡ
Ϊ֪˶Ϻ꣬ȻҲŴ㡣ͷ˼ҲżȻ˵ãȴվжܵʱ򣬴ʱǰ㲥һ¶һ˿ͽ˼ϻۣܹ⽣Ӧܿͷݵͽ˲Եóʦ


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ʦ˵ǣСͬУֻһʶʦ֣ʱСܿȫǶְ
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ˬ죬ɴ֮лʦܣǲźأ
Ǻǣʦһд裬Сɴٴ꣬ʦֲߴͽ̲ǡ
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ڶ̸Ц䣬һɫ˹ͥ˭ˡ
֣һͬμɴˣ棬鰡
̫ͥƻһֽֽȴ棬ҲƳʵֶ
ͥԹһЦη壬˵Ҫִˡ
һܲͥӡһ֣ȻԼȥѰʺƷɽʱ򣬱ǽƽĵӿ֡תһ룬ظԼһЩ֮УҲͥ֡ҲǰҲԸԷôá
λһʦ˰ɣʦţδһĿʦܷɣǺη
ʦֹˣʦ񽣵СҲжţ֪ʦֽõһ˫񽣣֪ʹõΰ
ͥһ㶣Цʦʦֻǹϵǳһ˫ȷʵѵõĺýʦʦֻҶʾһ¸л֮Ⱑ
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ʱ˾̨ϣڵҲϢ춼׷վ˹̻塣
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һҲڴˣϾڳߵĲԪӤˣһ뽣ȵϹദʶԪӤȴʵʵ㲻ʲôѹ


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һ֪ǣʱǺϡΪԪӤˣϢ̽ȴץסҲʲôµġ
ȴ˵ǰһһֱ󣬺ͷϲǲΰ롣ϲԼеʵȻʮ˵ãǵҲ
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޷޷ɴҲǳ£ǲڵСжΣգֻҪ㲻ʲô£ο˶һĥǺõģ˵ûҪлǼҺأ
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ȹӣ׹֮סȹѲʹ⼤һȻһȴ˳Ŵ󽣵һڡ
֮й֮һͰɽͨӳȫȻһɾһ΢΢Ծ
Ԫô֮ɵȻ棬ҵֶ֮ܲƥУ


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һһһһһƽԪ
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ܹõһѰʿ¶Ҫˣһʹ֣תͷӵ֮еһ˿
һ˿˿ȻǾӨвͬһ˿ûб仯̬͸ƽ֮⣬ͳûа㲻һ˵һ˿ͬһ͸һɹϵϢ
ȴ˵һƮŽζԪĽս֮ɫԪѹǽиûһá˿ƣξΣܰӰ졣
Ȼһ˿սģһĿ֮£ֱӳǱԪ˹ȥһȦȦЩɢԪһϼһ㡣ܿ죬Щϼ͸ɱή裬ɢȴǴ˼֡ԭһȻԪ˼ˣҪ
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Сǰɲһ䣬һʱǺ죬ȻһָģɵĻڶȴɵӸ档
ޡޡޣҿѪλ壬ôΪôһСС˼ⶨȻ޽ƵĹϵԲǱıģǯƣԶ߸߷ɣ޹Ұ޹ϵαôأ
Сͷһҿ⣬ȴﻹǵõ֮ʱ˿һĹϵ
ˣһоû뵽Ȼ㣬ΪܹסȹôãռϷ硣Сһתæת
һһЦⲻǰȥڣô˵䣬ֽ̧һӣһ׹ĽƣǷٶȣ̨ͬս֮ʱͬնƺĽ֮ߵĴڡ
ѵὣɷΪĽôС΢


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һЦ𣬻һУһȻ۷û볤֮Уһڡ
϶ΪһǽѹܹԪϮǽɷôأѹܳΪϹŽ޵С˼ĵ˵ͷ
һǺһЦСûмɷȻҲһ˵ˣ
˵ˣʲôط˴Сײɻ
Ȼмֽɷԣǽɷֻǽһ֮һˣɷĻ
ʲô⻹ǻ
СҲгԾʱһͷΪ⣬Ц壬һɷ׶ΣұΪһ飬ǽǰҽһˡ
ʲôȻܰ˽һʵѵ˲ɣɷ֮ôˣҾ˳֣ὣɷÿһ̣˵ǧѡˣͲһˣ⵽Ϊʲôأ
һСüЦ΢С֪⽣ϴҵὣ֮ȫǲƪģֶζԸĽ˵þܽҪ󣬶Ҵ˴λôһ׽תĲƪ󣬿ϧȱ̫޷ֻܸĽ֮һζһΣҶˣ˿¶ҪʹЩ
һתתӲʹһ龰תʮתŽǽȫһĽǣ˵طûһáܹоƤ˺ۣë׷׷ѣϣ̨ӡ֮ıҲһ١
ԼΪڽӣעһˡһתȴûһʹͲʣ˵ʲôģ֮һžӨһһȴû˰֮ǰҺ
ǾӨ˵ǽһ֮ǰɫȴ֣ȻΪȴһ㲻Һתͬʱӡһ޷ͣѯʽϣҲֻõ֪ش
һ׷֮£ǽϲЩ˵ԭһϵὣɷֶλǡתĸ죬ǽὣɷ֮ģȻûа취顣飬սϵ˵ʲǿ˳ۡˣΪֹֻһһ˵ôһֶΣʶȱ仯ȴҲͲ
һһ֮ȻСŭͷ𡢶򵨱ĸоĪĽȴ˵֤һоԼˡһǰɫӣܹͬʩչֶΡȻһƣȴõ˼õĽҲû˱Թˡ
˽λǰһԿ֮һ㱻˳Ҫȥħĥǽһһʱ䶼طֱӸȥμʸԵˡ
תΪ죬ƺһΪ˵õĹӦֶΣħͬɵֶΣϸȴˣ
ԭСҲ֪תвƬҲû˵Ҳܴˣ͸㿴ҲЩϾҲǿһ壬˵þǿʵأ
˵ţһӻͳһֵĲӣת̻һתƬ¼ˣ͵ݸСס
⣡С׽˹һ˫ĿһŹ൱˵ã͸ң
һǺһЦŹ˵˵ãȱ̫࣬Ҳ˵ʲô͸ңҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣοСǿʵ͵ǿʵô
һϵЦݣСһͷæԼԺǯƾҪԶ߸߷ɣҪ˳ϰϵ⹦ֻΪҰˡ
⡮תȻȱӣҲˣҲ֪ǽʲôӻܸĳĶڱУдмڣ˵ܸĻؼֱĿȻԭʼҲȲƪǿ˲٣ʱ㻹㣬ˣ
⻰һȻǡת֮ҲԸɨС׵ӣЦȻˣҾ;Сļ
СˡתƪԼ䣬һҲţͬصԼУЩϵҲЩľƣ
֮һֱӷ䵽ڣͻأһڶͽ֮ȥˡٹգһһǱĴӺڶֻ֮һǡٴλصԼԺ䡣
ָգһһɫ£ԦɽɽϲȥɽڣһΰޱȣȴɱɷڵĵãֹϷǡ


һ ɽ
һɽһǿɽʦ⣬ֱкλɾҵλʦ̫˴̫ɽһŹ˴Źɽһ˴ɽһǬ˴Ǭɽһ
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һǰҲǰȥԶԶ½⣬˹ȥеǴǰɴзɳ̵ʯʯǰ߲·Եù϶ɣϸȥȻ뽣ڣ֮У̨֮һʯΪơ
Ҫ߽ۿһֻһ˿ļµĸоӿͷ֮ǾӨȻ΢΢ʲôвһ㡣
ѵʯʲôɣǷôоЩԾϴǲ¥мƣѵҲ֮Ե鱦
һ˺󼸲ļ¸оʧӨϢֻһʯϳһƮȻϵǽʮִĽ
ҪԸңҪ׽ѵҵĽһĽʲôϵ岻֪ٴΣһҲ޷
Ϸһһʱ˿һǿ롣˳ŽƮȥûжԽһ˺ǾӨʱʳһȥȴû˿Ӧɡһֻõ֮ǾӨ˼֣Ʒƺ΢һ֡
ɽ⵹û˵´˻úһʲǡ
ʱ½½нһ֪ⲻǿǴµĺʱ˳ȥ
ǰ𵤵ӷԣڶӣȴǶҲֻǼżһĽ𵤵ӣЦӭɼĽĲˡ
֮УſĻֺ롣һηģһ˿˿ֺ֮޲͸Ž޵ϢǰһгվΪ˾ϣȴһ룬ֻǺ֮С
ʱ˵룬ʮ𵤵ǰʮں뻮һǾһ㣬һһսá
˾ϲר˾ְҲ֪ĹǷ˵йأδ֮ǰļϣһ´ʣ˶־ﲻѡŽ˴ӳϽһһ£ڵӳ
ǰɽᣡ
ǰ׷׻ɳĽ֮ǿǺеӼҲ޷ƥСǽ𵤵ӻϣݽʳһ㣬ֱֱɽȥ
һֻΪǴΪ͵ĵӣȻ󣬲ʽĶȴΪ⡣ֻо׵ǣϴ˲̽Լٴγֻ֣ԼץסԷˡ
һ˱ɽ⣬ųһͬǽɽֵ֮Сܿ죬ɽĳǰ
ɽͬһǵһǰڱѾֻ꣬ɽʱȥǬɽ岢ûȥһɽͷΪд̾ͬʱɼ֮ȴвͬ
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ӵλϴ֮£óһ½ȥ½Ҳӭ
ԭ˾ʦӣλʦֶģζȻܵһϺõĳɼأ
ɢģͬĳΪ˵ϾȻһģһ׷ͯգȴԸ곤Ϊס
ԭϹʦ֣ҪͷʦֽӴˣ˾ϺǺһЦӭȥ
˵ﻰɴǱʮһʢһչɵʱҵһӦõģϳ꣬˵˭Ҳֻ֣פˣ˭ҲΪֻˡ
ߣ˴˵ĵطλʦֵܴʦֶǰȥ󣬵ʱúģ½һþƣλɽʦֵҲģ
һͬ䵽Ƿ½ϣ½֮һȺ󡯣ȻΪɽ׼פء


һ 벻ż
ɽһǰɽרסȻȴԺɣ̨ͤ¥󣬻СԺȫݸϲѡһѡһˮСԺҲΪס
Сף˵ǽһ֮Ľܹɷ֮⣬Ϊλܹɽǿأ
һˮʯʣ𶯵֮˽ľӨɵÿʵ
м֮жڽ޵˽ⲻֻ࣬ȴû˵˵ǽϴڵֶҲпܣȥͺˣ
С׵һʯԭС׺ſ档Ϊ䵭ƺרʲôӡ
ǺǣǽϴڵֶǵǺˣұõһЩģʱѯ˽ϣµö§أ
ߣ㲻Ϊǵȴڣദʱ侹Ȼûж̽һͽֶδ˰ɣ
˼ǣһ΢΢Ծ
ɵ磬飬ɾԪĴڣգһУܹͨ󣬼˵λϣϹ֮жǶĴڣ򲻿ܸʲô޵еԣ䣬µֻǷŹ̨Ĵ˰ɣϾ㿪ʼ̨ͨѾʵһˡˣҲǽ϶㲢ûʲôģûвϧ̽飬˹ȥˡ
һһֱΪԼصĺܺãСһϯ׹ԭԼͳڽ¹˲֪ٴΡתһ룬Լܱ˲٣ϲûΪԼС˵λǰԼȷʵûʲôա
ˣСɸоǲʱڿҵ˭ô
ȴǲأЩʿҲӲ۾һˣϢΪǿصĺã»ҷ˾ǽǰ˴һϡǻϵˣˣһҪоתûͲҪҡ
һȻС׻һ׹ֱӴԼУֻ¶һЦС˵ǺϣҲɵɻ󡣽Ǻϱλӵĳ֮һλ϶ԴĵҲ˵һоԼȴΪգԼҪ󣬾Ȼ˹˴ĵţ֮ʱʲôҪ֪ͨ
λϵʲô˼ֻȴоΣգ޹ʣΪʲôҪصعңڴһվ벻ͨȻΣҲֻİˡ
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ҵ˭ƹԭʦ㣬ȻкþҲңʦɲ԰
һ΢΢һЦԭʦҲǴ˵ˣ벻żãСﻹƣʦıһΣ
ԹЦҲȥյһ¶ǣкá
û뵽ʦܻңһƷٻҲѵúһΣһҪȸأ
ҲϵٻһҲ棬һЦʦ˵ЦˣʦֵֶŪʯʲôѵģ
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һһ㶣뵽Լ볣˵ĲͬΪһ֮ԶԶȻ׬ȡʯǿ˲֪٣ʶûеĹʯġ
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һٴͳƺһ˫۾ɵֱˡ˿һʦܣɽӰɣôǬɽһҪʰ
һЦֻƲᡣ뺨𣬹ЦʦܣϴҶûиҴҽճžԣұȻһΣ
ޣʦֻˣԾ轣ȴҲһ£ֻ֮УǶ²ðɣ
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˵תΪʿҲܿ죬мٴ˵ء


һ ͷ
Ǻǣԭʦƶ֪ĳɷ룿˱ȶ˶׷ȥΨһɫͥ
ʦˣ֣ʦֶҪҸƷʦãһ΢΢һЦЦ
ͥĻһЦȻһͥɱ˹ȥͥ񲻶㲻ܣὣǰҲûжֶΣ
һҲһԸɿһЯ˴˹ȥָȴǰ˶С˶ǽ֣ԣȺ޷ʱΪսΪ֣ʼҶ
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˶˰ʱͥЦ֣ʦܣλȻĳڲ࣬ŪˣȴҲˣ֪ɷٶ
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ʦٱ£Ӱˡһʫ䣿
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Ǵˣö̸ʫʣϣʫɵţͬȻ𾴡һԣһһʣһЦ֪ˣԭڴ⣬澰ȷʵѵһʦȡƳҵҲñʾʾǺã㶯ֻҶ֣
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ǣһԾĿһ£ͷ𾪲ѡ
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ʦүֶΣһʱȻ𾴡˸žԣٱͷʦүͥʮС֮һʶǲǳħ½ˡ
֮ʱͥͳһģҵģʫʫʼһΪվʡһȻ
֮ʱʮ͸𣬵һһӰԶԶֵˣֹߣʱ˷ݣô֮ʱҪɽźá˵꣬ٻʧ
˶г֮ȴһ˾飬һҹ޻
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ֵڶˣһ۵׳ȻۼȴôôʿмִζÿоõϱŽȻǻйϵĴߣǬɽһˡ
ֵڶˣͬǵ˴ĳߣȴ˲ͬϲЦһ˫Իǵ˫ȴԨƺû鿴㲻סȴˣó֮ľŹɽˡ
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⻰ߵ˺ڨڨһЦΪŵʦַģ̫ɽʮ̿ȴҲгɼвӿ֡
Ǻǣԭʦ̫ܵһ˴˵ǵǿϧˣɽһڶȴɳȥУֻʦܰһͷɣͯӺٺһЦͯȴ¶ϺһĽƻ
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ڵԣԳŷ׷ɢȥһ˿ǰϷλڲμӱԵԳǡδ̧֣ͷȥƽһʮɵ̨Ǽӣҳȸ֧룬ϵԼҪԵ̨
ѭһ̨һҵԼӦñԵ̨ʱһվϣƿԿȴһŹɽӡ
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ʱ̨³Ͻ̨⡣
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ãʦСˣһ΢΢һЦУһ˸Ϣ


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һ齣ҲңһƱ㽫һĳ˲һ·֣תһܣȻһΧС˲Ϣ֮䣬䶳֮ƾվۼһ׶εضܱ߸Ʈѩ
ƼƷ֮󣡡
һһ۱㿴ӽһᣬֻһ׹⽣Բžžıһնб׶̣ѩɢ
Ȼ׵֮ʦܹȻʦҲ̫ңʦΣ
ټһ˲ҲΪ⣬ָһ㣬·˲任֮жʱһ΢һΪĻתתۣоȻɷгһ
ƼƷɱ󣡡
һٴοһ·ֻϲǰǰڶгΪԼоɱ֮ƺеĶն붯ն𣬵ٽ˲ȴ˴㣬һŵ״һ׹⣬Լٶȶȥ֮УһնɱȻûһ°ڡ
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ʦܼȻǾҶˣʦֶΰɣƣƣɱ󣬻һ
䣬ɳ·ٴα仯ɫ·֮оȻص˳·ͬʱǱĵоҲȾһ˿ɫۼ죬Ƿ֮ϴԭֻǷķУʱȣ˷֮УٶҲʱ֣ڵأٽɳ棬նȥ
ƼƷ󷨾ȻܹصΪһͷ໥ƣȻӣãȻǺֶΣնƷУ¾ҪȻתΪҾͲˣ
ŵ潥渲ǣһͷһ㣬׹ڿնʱһɳľ޴֮еͷն
֮ƿգƣ
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պƵġ֮ٵһü֮̾򣬺֣ýû뵽ʦҪ˿Ҳ͵ˣǾʹ˻ȥȻЩһЦ
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Ȼˣˡʦˣ֮򣬵罣ãնɱƣ
ɱĴʱŽһ׵С׷׵Զһ֮УɱһȦ׵СƹЩ֮УֱӺ䵽棬͵ıһһ·⻪ܿ㰵
ټһƻ󷨣ȴȫں΢΢һЦץСһͼһףǾС̨ܣһͼ͵һһޱȵ󷨵ճ֣⾹Ȼһͼ
ʦܣҿΣǬأ𣬶˷𣡡
һʹ׵֮ƳǷ˫󣬼һϵвãȻ󷨵ȴҲ״Ȼ򵥡Ըʦõİ취ǲҪöԷ󷨲úãڷ˫֮УҪڳȥҲܡ
ֻһæƳ˫һ죬ͼٵĿ֮ѸӡϹ⻪һתһ죬Ȼ󷨲óɹ̨ŨǷڲϢһȥ˫˲䣬һûС
һͼǻҲʱ䣬ʩչӮܹ˰ɣǰϢ૵֮侹ȻӮں
ȴ˵һͶ֮УȻ̨֪֮ϣȴûһ޴޿տĿռ֮СʱǰһƬһŤ͵һȻûһòȻԼóһԼ
ף󷨿ֻлƼһƷˮ׼ܹûΣ󣬿󲻵ɱ󣬸һ󣬲Ҳãȴټվ͵ʶˣ


һ 
һ˼֮䣬һƬƬȴǷ׷׻ΣˣǰҽһΧס
ףһԾţŸǴֻҪǾӦ˰ɣ
һͷһ磬ӽ㳯ǰһδ˹ȥһЩҲһη׷׶ǰҳΧǣϷ׷Գʩչͬһ̽˹
üһģҵĽ
ǰΣһҲԸͳһУֻ÷ŹǰһΣݣԾ𣬽´׹⣬ԶԶƮЩݵһʹӿ׷׻ӽɱ
úã
һٺһЦͦǰһƣȻѾζڽ֮Сͬʱٽһƣ뻮һ˹ŹûȺûи£ͬʱһĽϣʱ֮һҲϳЩȣ÷˼Զ
һεҲڵӣڣ󷨻ûȫٵĿ֮£ͬģһ֮ڻҪǿ˲١ܹҽǣƣѶȿ²ֱʦȸֶ
һһ˼һ߷ӦǾŵεֶΡһ֮ŵͬʱϣˣŵ֮УٶȻ֯˼κϻһЩ
ҪٶȣȻȲң໥ڻȴԽҵĶݹƣǽһתҸͲźһĶ֣ͬģ֮ȻѹֶԸʦõİ취ڽ󷨲֮ǰܡ»Ҵˣˣˣܲھڴˣֻʩչɱﵲˣ
һͷɶݱܿһȺ˾룬ĵһžӨ֮гһɣҪʹڴ˲䣬ǰ뻮һԼľΣһ
ԣʵʵڵľˣвͬζԴﵽͬġʱźһ󷨻ûŸΣȻǾˣʵʿƶһˣһһģû˾ŸˡȻˣһһҪƾŸ壬˵ãܹ֮壬֮ʱʶѡַͬʽźһɱ˹ǽ˽Իˡ˵ұƵǾŸʩչֶͬΣʦ־ͲòľãʱһȻ˲ҵĻᣡ
һͷ㽫ǾӨ˻ȥٺһЦ˷´׹ֱӳ˹ȥ
Ǿ׼ٽӭһԽһšƮ˿ȥתһ׹֮⳯еһ˹ȥ
ϳһʱ׹𣬲һֶȴֹڴˣһ߷ͳɱ˹ȥ
ǰһʩչһУȴźһ֮ȫɱ˴ǾҪһʱһ׹ͻأھըԳһ
ʦ֣ʦҿҪˣ
һǺһЦҲΣὣ㳯һɱ˹ȥεһĶ֣һǰӦһ˲䣬һһΣȻŹΣת㳯һɱ˹ȥ
㣬һɷһΣҪɱ֮죬ÿؼʱȴתߣһ˹ȥ˵໥ûһˣһŽ֮٣ȴҲ׷ϡ㹦һɱεֶζʮֲ֣¡
ڴʱһҪһεʱ򣬺ͷһһ߶Ȼһ΢Сʧǹһ˿΢Цεתһ㳯ɱ˹ȥ
һԵӦܹǰΧһ˿ʧȴʹþԮֺ֮һһնȥšһŤ֮󣬡ۡһ˴ɢ
õһε֣һΪϲһ΢΢Ťȴ۾һãæһɱ˹ȥ
ŸαһõƣȱһˣȴǴ¶һоŤйŹ֣ٷŹʱޱȵ׹ʩųֱնΣŷŤ֮һͬʱŤ
ԭ˼ȻϻûϢȻץסȻظÿ죬ɱÿɣ
һһЦһʱʮ׹⻯ն˳ȥת˲ͱεţعͬʱδ֮սţ˲ָΣľȴҲԵƵ¡


Ķ ȡ
ΣԼ֮ŤһһЦʦ֣ʦҪˣ
һ䣬һ͵ĹУһָһ׹볤֮У˲䣬һ׹ⳤֱӴɱ
ЩƺҲЩˣæӽҪֵһ⣬̻Щεֵ׹ⳤĶγʮֵ谭
ͬʱѰ϶Σʩչ֣һͷ­һλһȥʣҲһѣ׷׻׽֮¡ֵˣξȥ֮еŤҲͣɢȥԳ̨
ʦ֣ʦҲˣһһЦ
ٵ˵ͷûһ˿ȻǺЦʦ˵ãΪζˣ
ףһٻҪʩչֶΣҪڶԷ֮ǰֱ֡Ļɵһ㶡ҲⲢκιƣϾɴ֮Уÿһ̨һϺΧۣˡ
ʦ֣Сܲ󷨣Ϊʦ־ʹˣ
ǺǣʦֵˣʦҿûʲôóˣΣοʦܵı£ѵвʱô΢΢һЦ
⣡һڨڨһЦʦ˵ǣɱһСǡöݹٶȿ죬ܹεĶλʦֻбǿ󷨣СȻʦʩչˡ
һȻ̹Ȼ˵ͷ뷨Цŵ˵ͷһУǵһͼ;СɻС֮ʱͼϹ⻪Сϸÿһ涼һǳĻۡ
û뵽һһˣֵȥѰǬɽһˣҡҡͷ̨ȥǳϼ״һʤ֮󣬱æڶ
ʦ֣֪ɷһ콻Сܿһ̨ٸ˹ȥ
Ŷʦܣ㲻ɽôѵҲȤ΢΢һЦƺǰһԼʧһһ㡣
ʦּЦˣСȻɽӣȴ֮ϲãҲһЩǬɽʦйʦⲼ֮ľʣĦһ£֪ʦԸ񣿡
Ŷԭʦܻϲ㿴Ҳ޷˵ţٱ㽫һһҡͷ֮̾Ѱȴв֮ͬ⣬Ӧ󷨡ǬɽǰΪֻҪ㹻㹻ˣǲΪƲ֮ѧ󷨣ÿÿƲ֮ȴǵûѲСأ
һӹһײ֮һ̽ÿһ쾹Ȼֻһ󷨣һȴޱȣԶԶԼյǻƼƷܹȽϣ˵νˡһ֮УȴҲӡ꣬ƷͬޣֻͬǽΪӵĴڡ
ʦ֣һ𻵣֪ʦֿɷȡȥΪʦ޸һͷһתڵ
ŶٱΪһֻǸȤȴ֪Ȼ˵һһתЦʦܹʲôȼ
һڿԼҲΣȡ˫ַϵСƵˣ
ٽӹֻԹһ϶ʱЦЦʦ㻹Ȥˣ߳Ҿ֮ͨϺõƷˡʦԸΪ޲Ȼٺòˣ
һһϲ˵ʲôȴֵ̧һʦܼȻҪ޲죬ʦҲģʦ޳Ψ󷨻õó֣ʦܼȻǱضҪ󷨣һ󷨵Ĳ֮һЩĵᣬӦãʦȥɣ˵ţһĲӵ˹
һǽ޲һòһƲ֮֮˳㽫ΪȤѧᣬٴ󷽷͹Ҳһл˹һȴһΪ󡱵ĻƼһƷ󷨣ϵĽܿһڻƼһƷ֮ҲΪĴڡ
ʦܣпգ㽲һΣ
һȻûвԸ⣬Ͼ֣ȻͨԼ򣬵ԸָٺòЦԸ
һԸָ㣬ǹһ˿Цݣһȥʱ֮󣬶˲ĻصȺ֮С
ʦܣοɾͶлպʲôҪѧϰ󷨣ɼǵҰ
һ˼͸ȻȲЩϺ꣬ͬΪСȴҲµ͸΢΢һЦлʦ֣ʦպʲô֮õСܣ뿪ڱǡ
⻰ͷֵÿ˻ȴʦܿ˵Ҫפȥ󷨣һȴ׼̻ȥ˸ȡ裬Ҳͷ죬ʹ˷ֱˡ


Ķһ 汬
˿Լһᡮ󡯵ĽĵãһɵĹ˼Լһͷ˵ܹһΣƼһƷȴôùɽƵģҪúϤһͷȴõòˣô˴δȽӦǽƽʦֲһ²С
ʱԼתͷȥˣФɽ
ԭФʦ֣ʦֿҲμӱδȵģ
ФɽҡͷЦʦ㲻Ϊ˭һھܹסЩʦǵֶΰɣ
һüͷһȻЦʦԸֶξҲһûлأ˵Ÿһʾɫ
ФɽˣŹһЦ£ʦ֪֪ˣֻǰʦӣӦòμȴȣΪνȴ
һҡҡͷʦ֪һѾ
Фɽ״ҲٸʵףǺһЦȻһѾǾͲ˵ˣֻʦǰһȴȻݵǾŹɽʦֽʩչȴòʦֵأ
һҡͷЦФʦ־ͲҪȡЦˣʦֿ֣©һ˿СҲ򵥾ͳأ
Ǻǣʦ˵ҲǣλʦֵҲȤһλ˵ʮǰڵʵμɴȣʤǰһʮǰͬμӴȣڵʵȴӮһܣʱֵѾڵĸ֣ʦһս渺ȻʦܵʵڣȴҲóһЩأ
Фɽһһ̨еӣԴĦҲλʦЩز©
ˣʦܣ֪Ҫȡʦֵܵıɴȿʮһʢᣬ࿴ʦֵֶܵΣĲ˵ȴΪʶģ
ԭФʦֻˣ̨֪ϻЩȶȽϾأ
ǺǣʦʶˣߣʱһΪעĿɽʦ̫ɽʦֵĶλʦֿɶǸĸ֣Ӧֵһ˵ţһһ̨ȥ
̨ߣɽ˺ҶгɣһͨͨȻܹ̬Ǳȶ֮Уһ˲ˣǰȾƶͥ
ԭʦ֣һλʦʩչȻзַ˽зķзķʦֵĽסʵѵ̫ɽųԨʦ֣
ФɽһЦʦҲЩΣʦ֣ʦԾͨз̫ɽ֮ĸأͥʦҲǼһβμɴȣǰʮΣǰͬɽһƲʦ£ҲгǰĻᡣ
ŶԭˣʦֶѾˣǲ֪ƲʦֽûμӴȣ
Ǻǣʦ֪Ʋʦֵֻһž̤𵤣ʮѾʽ𵤣һӣΪ𵤳ڣҲûܲμɴȡ
˵ʦֵǸһܸȸֽ֣ȴЩźأ
Фɽ΢΢ͷΪߣҶǵˣ֪ԷȴҲԸ⶷һѾˣ͸˵ˡ
ʱ϶˶Ԩ֮ɫʹͬһ׷һ򣬻ߣˮ򣬱׶ṇ̀ʯ飬ǽľҶУԼʽз׷׷ɳһ⾰ݻ
Ԩ෴ͥһڶ෨һ潫նЩܹԼķ׷״䣬һȴǲϽ轣֮٣ԨҪǽķΧԱȽԶȴǲ罣ʶԨȻͥ񿿽
һʱ֮佩ֲ£ŶԷúգԨʼսͥʮ֮⣬ȨϡͥȻѹŴȴûһ𣬸ûһ㽹ЦݣͬͥŲһ㡣
ǳʩչĲСԨͷϾȻ΢΢üͷһ壬Ϸһ䣬ʱһǿҵϢϱȻҪʩչһʤ
ʦҪӮˣһ˵
Фɽһ㶣˿һȴûõʲô𰸣ֻüųϡ
Ԩʩչеһ˲䣬ͥϵ˲ɢǵûѡǼĴУֽͦǰ
𣬽ˮˮľľйһ汬
һ䣬ɫ⻪һź͸ڵĻ棬Ԩйһɵĳ棬ȶԣԱȵĵػ֮󣬷ΪļʮƷ㹻ϻƼһƷˮ׼


Ķ س
һųֶûֱֱĳͥҹȥһ߳ͥȥҪֹжȻٷ
ͥΪɽڵʮ֣Ȼǰ򵥣һ˦һתʮɫÿһⶼɵĶһͷȻը
΢΢һЦͥڽһĨ񳤽ʱ⻪תһɹɱը̧̤֮ʮɵľ˲䱻˴ңңűӣмһųִСĳ档
ͥѰ룬ԨͷãȴҲңָһǳ֮ʮֱ߳ͥȾȻܹͬҲѶߵĹ
ΪͥҪ˱ܻ߹ʱȴȻܣϽһֱӳʮ߽ȥһȴǰĽͬûа㱬ըֻó֮ЩʧȥһԶɢȥ
̨˷׷׾ԨҲȻڳ֮Ψ˲ſİΪĵͷá
ʦܣʦֵʲôͨȻĻ߶նȻûһˣФɽæʵ
һǿһˣЦʦֺų񽣣ȻһֶϽĽȻνϽȴһΪѵļɣ˵ǡ־ʵʦ̶ȴʮּ򵥡ǰһֽÿһնƵһߣʵϲˣʵÿ߶ʦǧնȻնٶ̫죬ҵȿЩնһնˣ
͵ФɽʱˣȻĵ˵ͷηĿ̨ϣ˵ǳޱȿٵն֮£ûֱӱ飬ѹ֣ѹ֣񽣹ȻͬСɣ˵ã˵á
Ǻǣʦȴ˵ãȳ̶Ӧû㲻ˮ׼ӦûҪɱﵣֻһԣӦòˡ
Ŷ㲻ɱﵣ֪ʦʦֱǿ
һФɽԼͥȽϣֻЦ𣬿̨ʦӮˣ
˵䣬ͥ񲻵նлߣһǳ֮Уһ죬ǰնɱһ㣬ǳĻԶϨ¶һնת֮䣬ն㹻ͨСԨοƶС֡
ϽʦܣСˣ
ͥ΢΢һЦһǳԨ״Ҫҧ棬ˣʼջһ汬ըɫȴһַ˳ԨҪʩչֶεʱ򣬱ɫֻòһȡͷȥ΢΢պĳѾڲֻҪһƫһƫͷѪ
ʦֽʦܷˣ˾Ԩ֪ԼѾûз̵ĿܣȴҲΪֱӹ䡣
ͥҲΪս΢΢һЦʦһַҲǾǲΪʩչһУҲãҲԻʤˡ
Ԩ֪ǿǸԼһ̨ףȻûе棬˹ֱ̨
ͥʤ֮Ҳó򣬼һҲкʦˣʦӦɵһս˰ɣ֪Σ
һ˹ֵʦʤȴȲʦڡ
ͥǺһЦʦ˵Цˣʦܵġ⽣ҵúԸûʲô⣬õһûġˣ˵ʦҲμӴȣ֪ʦܿûУ
ŶʦҲμӴȣ˵ҲǣʦҲڵĸ֣֮ǰȴֻʦֶΣûмʦֶǺεȳ
ǺǣãʦӦûûпʼһȥʶʶҲãָʦһľǬɽӣҲԺúÿôֶΡ
һȻƺãФɽͥһȻһߵƽ̨ȥ
̨£úüߴ͵վ棬Ϊһ˲˭ˣȴҲˣǷڣʺ飬Ӧ¡ˣйҲС
Ӧ¡ۼ⣬һۿһһЦʦ֣쿴ʦˣʦһɲܷˮ
תͷÿһһعЦʦܵĵһҲˣСʦĶ̨֣Сӿô
һڨڨһЦȻؽ뷴ˣҲ⣬÷ĵ˵ͷʵ֪ʦֽζ˭ˣοҪʦֵ
عһЦ˵ͷȻʦ˵ҲˮȻɽĵӣʵֻһ㣬ʦӦʤ󼸷֡ͥСȡ˫ôûʹãѵղã


Ķ 
ͥһʣ΢΢һЦʦˣһ˫ʦҵɱﵣʱóúֵ֣ʹ֮ʱȻʹʦֵͷǡ
ƲƲ죬˵䣬ȴóϺԭһһȶͽˣʱϳˡ
غٺһЦ˹˹̨֣֮ϣɽҲͬʱ̨ϣȴһӣüĿ֮ԳӢ֮⣬һڶ֮ͻΧȻҲǼ
໥񣬻ǼųϽ̨ǿʼ
سֱûһ˿˼һףֻ⻪ϸһȻļȴһһö飬һͭһ
ͥ΢ЦŽ͵ʦܣ㿴ˣֵĶֶΣպǽֻƾϳ෴Ȼ罣ޣҲ編ޣ󷨲ʦȴҲԼƣǾǴķһ־кպʦ֣ԼƵͨڲĿȸǿķѾ٣ͬǿʶȴܹƸȻˡǬɽһСؿرʺʦʦĴУԴ߱óʦʦʵ
ͥĽͣһȻĵ˵ͷФɽҲĸ̣ܽǷڵ˲ûһΪͥй¶ʦĵƸеϾҲ㲻ܡ
̨֮ϣس־ļɽƺ׼ûбŵһһ̨˳ӭĥ̴Сֱӳļ˹ȥ
úã˿Ҳƣ
һָ糤һ㳯̨˹ȥ֮ͽ̨סȦ͵ı㳯Ҫ֮ٵ·
ûôףɽ֮⣬֮ʯɽ
ɽӷһһչ뿪ɽ֮УǱͲС̨ٴǴǷ˿Ȼβס˿ֱһּϵĸоֻһǷ˿Ȼϣɽӷ˿֮нѣһתһڱ㽫סط˻ȥ
һͱһ赲ФɽɵþĹǿ
ͥЦФʦﲻʦܵĹȷʵɽһͳֶΡɽӵԲͬƫ棬Ϊڵɷţ޹˵ÿһɽӶǿ֮ǶΪΪΪѡĹʱҲƫ򡣻˴󡢺ͣһʮͣ߼ޡȹҪµĴ򰾣г֮ͬΪ֮£Ƕʮǿһ˵ǽǿڹǷǿӦ䣬ʦʦʦֶΣɽӾǿ䱾ǿһʮᣬǵֶˣ
һʮᣡʶΪͬĵ˵ͷһҲͷλʦֿڲ˵á
˿ϣǿɽԲ赲֮ƺɱüͷ壬ϵĹעֵܹסǿɽֻԶʱæͳͭɫֻһΣ׷׻ִСĽ
Żҽ̨شһɫ׳ȥʱͭɫ⻪֮Ƴɽɱȥ
ɽӼΪزǿ֮ĩΣһЦȴٴιĵ̨֮Уһֺ֣һʵǽڳѹ˹ȥŻǹӵ˲䣬ͻأĺ϶ΪһһɴСݺݵ͵ĳǹײ˹ȥ
ǺʵޱȵĹھȻסŻĳʱӦ顣ǺΪһŻǳǿɽ˹ȥٶ֮죬ݲÿɽܣɽʩչֶζܵѡ
ǴЦʹŻſɽԼǰһ棬ʱһУԭɢֻǫ̈ʱСƴСС
ɽҲ״ȥ䡣غǺһЦ㽫ɽͻû˿ϵ顣
µ̨˷׷ףأغٺһЦóǶϳصķ˿¶һ黫Цݵû뵽һƷӮһǺǣ㣬㡣
Զʱصƣԭ˿ʾöԷ½ģԼ֮󣬲ͻȻʩչֶνԷһֲ
ȴǼ򵥣ˡȲ˵᲻ôһ˿ͬʱʹ߼ֶҲǳõġ
һԣһͬ˺üȶֱձȫᣬŽء


Ķ 
ɴ涨ÿһÿһһսһգ˱ʮ̭һˡڶٽһٶʮ峡ԣ̭һˡʱӽǰһ𵤵¶ʮˡ
Դƣ֮գν̭ееֿһΣֱʮˣֻǰʮ
ڶ٣һԵȴһ̫ɽӡܹͨ𣬽ɴȣִһıȶˣȻߡ
ԷȻԾһֻڵΪҲ֣һַԷʹõÿƳ뻯ǳٶȣ֮еĸ֣֮⣬ǾǾԵľӢӣһЩ֮У˵ܻһһͷȾɣõõͬʱҲעѰľӢǺѳͷ
һȻûԹ̫ɽһĸ֣ڵһ￴ܶೡԣҲͥص˵Ľ⣬˲پͬʱҲһЩԲߡԸʿ֮ƴһʼͲȡսپķʽ
ʱ̨֮ϵĶˣһԷһ׵Խ˿ν糸֮۷ۻǵ糸ٶȵļ¡ͬٶȣ糸ȴвͬһƮݣһѸͣοһǷһǽޣֶθǲ˼
һ񽣷Ϭޱȣڡ⽣ϵѾﵽʮù⾳ȻûʩչʮùֶΣ絽ˣ֮ҲȻ١ȫݣٱͬʿ˿½һ
ǵˣĽѾﵽ򽣵ڶԲųĽ֮νĽǽģĶתеʱ鶯֮ûһʱ˷ѣÿһÿһʽͷ
ϳһʱ䣬һʩչУһ֮黯׵Сһ̨У׵֮ȻǽȴѤ١
֮һһܽԼסһǽ֮ԷԿڵڶ˵򵥣һ׹⽣ݡȴѰ˳˲Ϊ֮¡
һʹ֮ڶԷܼķ֮һ϶ʱһѸײڶ֮٣谭ֱԷǰ֣ƫУڶԷϡ
оϴһ˿Էǲ˼顣ϾǵܼķʹýݳƹȥҪеĿȴ̫СһУϵĹ
£һȴʹֶΣ˽֮⣬򽣵ڶԲΪ̣ˣҲƵıöԷòͷ䡣
ڶգһʶͥȻ˳ضһ̫ɽľӢӣһսǺķ˺üսԷŻ֮¡
ǰյıȶȺܿӭݱĵաα֮Уԭİ˲ȴֻʣһϾˣܾˣҲȻʤȴΪ޷ġ
ĲһʵʵһžӢˡϾÿһӴһǧǧȣŽӡµĵӾ͵ͬڰһӢȻΪ
į̂ϣһһɽһĵӶšǰ֪ԷΪȻڣ֮Ǳͥǿһء
⻪֮ǰͬضӲͬǲͣƫ͡Ҫ֪ɽȻԴĥΪΪֻ֮Ǹȴǲ෴ٵӶĻרѧϰĳһЩϾΪȴûһ㻤ֵ֣ѱΪ˻һ㡣ȴԸġ
Ϊɽһĵӣѡʵ޷޽ʹҪ֮ʱԵϰȻҪһ֮ܽСɽһĵӾ֮ͬе֮ˣھɣѡѧֶΣ±롣
ڶɽ֮УĽ֮һſǵ͡ǵͨ鱦Ǿͨɷһ˴һ⣬ȴɽϰʮֲѰɽҲȲĽ
öԷʹýһҲſһɷ΢΢˼֣һʼһҲֱӽұʩչһ֮б׹󽣡
ȻԷҲ򵥣Ȼһ㾫ǿΪϢƳҪǮһ㽫ע볤֮УȻһɫԳһ


Ķ ʮùɱ
˶̨֮ǽתݺᣬֱɽӶһ㣬һʱ䣬ȴûзֳʤ
һһŨĽɳֱ֮ӽһĽƴˡٴη̨ߣңңš
ʦʩչľǴ˵еġ⽣˰ɣǰɽѧϰ֮ʱȴҲ˽νĶ⽣֮һϧҪ̫̣ҲѡôһŽ
ԭʦҲȥɽϧСŽȴûʦһͬѧȴǿϧ
Ǻǣʦ֪λʦֶǽ֣ɽһſʦѧг֮ҵɽӷ׷Ч£Ӵ඼ѡ񽣵ϰѧȻҪȥɽľؽ¥ȴûȥġȴǲ򵥣ҵ·ţǺǣ򽣵һԲ򽣵ڶҲδǰʦһֽ򽣵ڶӦо˰ɣ
һ΢Цŵ˵ͷҲԼ򽣵ڶԲ˵Ͼ򽣵ڶԲǽ𵤵Ҳ˵ŲҲ˵й¶ԼҵƵ飬һǲԸġ
һͷֻԼ¶ˣǺЦѹˣʦڵΪܹǰһ⽣֣Ҳֶβǡ⽣ȴо粻ͬʦǰʩչĶǡһҫ⡯ľ磬֪ڡʮù⡯Σ
öԷѯԼΪƣһüͷһ壬飬ʦѯʣǾǷ˼ɻ䡣ŶԷһ̹Ȼһɻˣѵλʦ˲ӣȻˣ
Ȼ룬һȴҲֱ˵ֻõ˵ʮù⡯СҲ򣡡
Թɫᣬһ˵ڡʮù⡯в򣬷¶ЦݣãȻʦʮù裬ΪҲ֣ʦȫ֣οɾȡʤˣ
ףλʦֵô£ӦòӽˮӦͼҲӣһʲôͼıˣҲùȻҪʮù⡯ұǣĶԽԽѣֶγҪóġ
һͨ˽ڣ΢΢һЦȻʦֳ˴ԣʦȻ㣬ʮù⡯̫󣬻ʦСĲǡ
΢΢һЦһӣƾȻ֮ǰȻԣ˴βǲˡ
ʦܷıǣʡģ
ãǾʦֿʮù⡯ֶΰɣ⣬ʮù⣬󽣣һΪʮ
һдʣ󷨾׹һĨʱ⴩󣬽һƬ֮󣬵ըʮ׹ԭأ׹˲ɴһתͬһһһʮ
ֻããǡʮù⡯ԭʦѾ־硣
״¶ϲ֮ɫƺΪһһֶθеԾ
ʦ֣аɣ
һ䣬һһ̤׹󽣣ɱ˹ȥű׽һޣͬʱС
ãúãҪ⡮ʮù⡯
һЦ͵һͬŨ֮УһҲУֱֱʮɱ˹ȥ
ֶεײһ磬ٶȱǰʮ⣬֮ڴԹ۵ĵֻüӰһ㣬ֻӲſһЩۼȴզ಻ѣֱҡͷƺ̬̾ٶȡ
ǻ΢΢ڵգ˷ϮĴ󽣶ŽƺأϢƳȻٴһһƽ֡
ʦܣѵʮù⡯ֶΣ
һһ⻪ȻЩ⣬Ҳý治ܶԸԷͷһתʮμɢ˷Χ롣
ȻʦҪʶʮù⡯ʵֶΣСҲˣֻϣʦССĲǣ
ʦܾʩչǣҼҲֶλȫǣ
ˣʦҾͷˡ
췢ɱޡطɱ½ɱ֮ŭù׽
һдʣ˫Ŀ΢ϣ͵ᳪͬʱ̧һĨʱ֮Ϲһը֮׹⣬һҲһߡ
ʮù⣬ʮɱ
ͬȣʮ׹󽣴ƥٶȳն˹ȥʹɱбٶȣǰǿһֹ
̨·һǻҲ״¶һ˿Ծı顣̧̧֣ƺҪӽȴջأӻͳһöµԥ顣һֽ


Ķ ˾
ɱʮù⣬񣡡
һԷʩչµֶΣһصͷȻ裬ȴ˿壬һתʮ׹󽣴һǰƳǹ˹ȥ
ʮըͬʱһȻ֮ԹΪ浴䵽̨ϣػ⻪ת㽫Ǳը֮ȥɢ̨֮⡣
ըģʮŵһնǹھȻסƥɶһЩ⻪ȴûһˡ
һȻûܿڵʵҲֶ̾εһаܹһʿʩչķȻܺôһĹڡ
ʦֶС
ǹһЦ֮佫ǹĨȥʦܼЦˣһսˣ
ţͻȻı仯һһæʦΪξˣ
ҡҡͷ̯ȴǵ鿪һɲҵֶΣȴһʦΪҷӡģǽҵֶΣһУܹˡĳǲҪƤȱ˻ǲռģʶʦӮˣ
ʦַӡֶΣһͷĬһ飬Ȼʮ·ɻߣоŵ⻪ӰҲƾʧԭأȴǽʮùֶΡ
ʦֿصˣʦֶȴϣʦڴ֮ȡúóɼ
΢΢һЦ̨ܿʧȺ֮Сһһ˾ĵ̨֮ϣųʤͬʱҲĥ𻪳ĿģԼνʦ֡
СӣȻĽΪʲô˲ŶܵɽȥˣǲӦð
һһ㶣ԭһǲ֪һĳڱԹʲô⻰һССĵӣҽӹͷֻǫЦһЦлҲ̨ȥˡ
̨֮£һӰͬʱʧֻȥͬʱ۵ԹƺҪ˺飬ã̻һ㡣
һ뻪һսΪ䣬ҲǱȽϿģҲŷ󣬼Ⱥ֮У̨ȥ
ǵսǰ̭ĵ˶ǾӢڣͬҵʵҲΪ̨϶չ˳ʱսһһʶ˶ʵۺĴڣͥ񣬻ضʤ˵һһɽӶһҲ֪Ϊ˭ͣʤҲΪ֮еˡ
Ψһźǣص˵˽ǰһٱǰս״ȴǳٳûǰǴѶҲûдһҲ֡Ϊʦ״ƽͳܷ˵˴Ҳˡ
ΪشҽһٴԳٻʹ˴βͥ񣬻ФɽصˣַǷշ
գһǴƽ̨ϡ̨һ룬սȴȻӡϾűĳȻԽӾʣҪǣγӵ̭֮⣬н𵤵ӽǰʮֻʮּġ
һտ׼ˣ
һڵȴԼ̨ĳ֣öߴһº͵תͷȥȴǴӵĺϡ
Ӽϣһæݵ
ǺǣؾһսҲˣû뵽㾹Ȼͨʮùľ磬Ӣ۳ꡣյıҲΪҪɵúú÷ӣܹǰʮнɽһҲвƵĽúúȡ
л㣬һŬһӦͷȴǰ̾ϢԼϱĿɲǰʮڽϵı֮£ȡõһɾ鷳ˡ
ܺãú׼ɣһһԹעģ΢΢һЦƮȻȥ
źȥһͷЦ⼸ϱֳĹľԳѰٲܲ³һҲ㲻һˡ˼ڣ֮еĽϣȻλΪҲΪȴңҲ㿪ôһʦ
һյʱϸ̨̽Щ׿񣬳̨ȥ
̨֮£һ࿡ݣԵʮָ߰Ŀվ̨ϣԼ۹ȴЩ䡣
˾棬ɽһʮС֮һֹ⽣һԪֹ⽣ֺ⡣ͥʦ˵ƺЩ⣬ѵǡ
һţ峤Ϲ˹֣Ҳ̨
ɽһ˾ʦ֣
ߣɽ˾棬ʦܵĴҲˣǲĵܵȴʦչˣλʦָ̲ܲǡ
һҲգȻ˾顣˾һսˡҲòû뵽Ȼ˲ģ˰ˣΣһҲҪģұ㽫ûƢЩ鷳ˣ


Ķ Էֹ
һͷȻ⣬ȴҲԸֽƵǺǣԭ˾ʦֳֵ˾ʦһսȴǶʦ֮һͻȴûм˾ʦ֣֪ʦֽɺã
˾һʦ֮ͣҵܷҪչܳ
ԭˣһȻĵ˵ͷϧ˾ʦһսȴұ⣬û뵽˾ʦܴ𷣣ȴҲⲻȥʦֿʦΪ˾ʦգ
˾һЦͷǶҵܵҲںͿִ󣬴ؼУȴ𷣣ǶһԸˣȻҪ
ʦܣл˵ǶǼ˵ȥԵʦֵܿˣΪɽӲءͬһʦֵܵķϣʦȶְգ
һöԷ㻰֪첻ˣ΢΢һЦҲֱһ׹㳯˾˹ȥ
⽣ѵֻô
˾Ҳǲӽһ㽫ǵ׹չը˱ը˼°𶯣һӰ춼ûС
ȻʦҪ⽣ʦܷǡ֮򣬿ߣ
һֱ㲻飬͵һ̨֮סһ׵С߿賯˾˹ȥ
ߣС㣡
˾ٺЦһףʮָһע볤֮Уһˮһĳ˲ֱʮӨ̽ǵص׹ߴ˹ȥ
һӨ̽ȴʮÿÿ׹ϣ㽫֮飬֮һƬߣʹ˵ĵߣһûϡ󣬲ʱ䣬֮򶼱˾شһУʮӨ̽ջУ»һˮ
һһУ˫΢С˿˾ֶΣֻʮְȻֺܹ⣬ȴĿʵһӨ̽ͲĽ˵ǰ˾õĶǽ׼ȷ˵һηġ
Щĳ˽ÿһעܱȵʿȫһںϳһֿ֮ʱԻֺ̽ģ仯⣬˽ǡԪֹ⽣
˵ʦĶ֮ʩչˡʮù⡯ľ磬ξͲʹˣѵ˾治ֵʦʩչô
һʩչʮù⡯֮󣬱֪Ȼᱻע⵽˾֮ԣҲûие֡
ʦ˵ЦˣʦθСųƷֹ⽣˾ʦֻ֣ǷʦֵĽ̫ˣȻʦֿڣСܷǡʦСˣһҫ⣬ҫɽʮù⣬ݣ⣬һʮ
һھ֮䣬ת˲㻯ʮ׹绤һת
ʮù⣬ߣҲˣԿĻùҵķֹɣԪֹ⣬նɱ
˾Ƕ񣬳ٴλʮӨϽһɱ˹ȥһҲڽ֮󣬸ȥ
úã
һߺһгһƣŵƣһӭ˾ȥ
һʮ׵罣⣬һʮֹ⽣һսõ⣬ݺύһƬʱһս֮гȻ̨סըĹ⻪Ҳó֮
һʮϱȲֹ⽣ٶȺȴʤһ֮ٿ֣ʹڲ֮أҪʩչʱֹ⽣Χʩչ˶ʱ뽩֮У˫ףǲʩչǿֶΣֻܵȴԷʧ
ֹ⽣֮˾һƽһѰһº֣ʱȥȴûһܹʹõȴûһҡ
ýʮֵŷֹ⽣һ˾ͷЦѣ⽣ߣǶ⽣ҵԪֹ⽣ҪǿһڵΪ棬ϢƳܹѹ㣬ҷֹ⽣ķȴԭ¾ȥҲȻҵʤ
ʱһʮ֮еһǹһ˿Цû˿ǰ㳯ֹ⽣նȥֹ⽣Ӵ˲䣬ǻӨ̽ĽȻžǡһжϿɢ㾧Өɢһ˿޵ıС
˾汾ҪҪʩչֶΣоȱ仯ͷһֹ⽣Ԫֹ⽣ᣬÿһķһʱ⣬󣬼Ӳ̶ȸǲѰƷϷֺ⣬仯ġЩټͷڴˣ뵽գһϣȻнƵ֡


Ķ ǿֶ
Բܣ˾ĵﲻţæȥȴֻǵɢ֮Ʈɢһ㾧Ө
һ˾ı飬ͷȴʮֵ⣬Բˣ˾ʦ֣ȻҪң͹ֲʦҳСҪֻʦ⽣ûбڣȻһֺ⣬պñҽƣҲϿζʦҾͲˣ
һ΢΢һЦ磬һɱ˹ȥһģһһ֮ľӨעУһɲǣԳ޼᲻ݵĺ
ǡžǡһ죬һٴһ֮Σд潣ûüɢ㱻糤ˮһû
ۼһУ˾ǲҲˣͷһתﻹһĽն飬æ߶ջؽУһˮ
㵽ʹʲôֶΣȻܹҵķֹ⽣飬ǡ⽣
˾һǵͨ죬ʧȻʵ࣬Ҳʵʵ๦֮㱻˺Ŀ๤λ᲻ŭ
һ˾澹Ȼջؽ֮ܵһֵϲͬʱҲ΢źЦ˾ʦ˵ЦˣСʩչľǡ⽣ǲţͬ˽ʦֵܣǰȷϣοͬһͬ˲ҲвͬʦҲ˲Ҳ˵أ
⻰˾ŭ֡⽣˱ٵÿܴﵽʮù⡯˸֮٣ˣҲǽʿԪӤϣܹеġοһһ仰ͬĽͬĽҲǳ£϶һĽвͬҲһ塣
ãһ⽣Ȼܹҵķֹ⽣ȷʵ˵ãˣҵҪܲܽҵķֹ⽣飬ǲܣֹڴ˰ɣԪֹ⣬һʩţ
˾浹ҲһĽ֮еĹŹ֣дʵˮһĨʱһʮһԶǰܹƴǳ֮
ףҪʲôһܵǿϢҲɵóԾ
˾ϢǽɵĳϣһȻŤų뿿£ģʮȻһʮҫʮĽ
ʦܣҷֹ⽣Ŀֹ֮Ⲣڷ֣ںϣһб׼ʹãû뵽ȻˣҲ԰ˣ˾ҧгݣȴǽһ˿緶
һҲƣȵ䣬Ǻǣ˾ʦˣʦһ׼
ߣӮɲˡԪֹͺϣһ֣½
˾ǹ̵Цݣƥƣһɢֲķֹ⽣һɱ˹
ȹƣһ˿⣬ͬȣ籡עʩչֶΣʱʮ׹֮϶ҫ׹⣬Ȼһ
СҳҴĻý
˾˷ֹ⽣ʩչһ׾Ľһһ𡣳ӣһֻǷֹ⽣ϵȻǿʮֹǱ𵱳ֶҪǿһÿÿ˫ײ׹֮϶ᱻ׵֮Ƿֹ⽣ȴûһ˿ĵӡ
ֹ⽣һ㲻ʩչһҲܻ顣ʮһʮֹǾʹȥ˵Ҫ¡ʮС֣ʩչǿֶҲǲˣ
ڴʱ˾¶һ˿˫ս͵һߣֻһ죬һһ׹󽣱飬Ƿֹ⽣ֱֱĳ˹ȥһ״ĺãͷһһգǾŵ󽣵һš׹⳯һ׹⽫ס
ôʦѵҪô˾״Ҳ׷ЦĿһ
ʦˣʦֻǾֶȴǶԸʦĸ֣ջˡ
˾ԴЦѵʦΪлʤϣô
һüͷ΢˵ͷʦܻһУȻҿ϶ȴҲмϣġ
ߣʮùⶼûã㻹ʲôֶζʩչɣ
Ҫ֪һֶȷʵ˾˵׼ʹõֶΣһȴû˵ֶʹôȴޣΪÿһʹþҪһϵĽͷе˲ܽ˹һҲܹǰʮõһ̣ʶһʲôֶܹӦԼһС
ˣǾʦƷһˡ
һڳһĨ֮䣬ٴһ׹⣬ȴɽӳֵϡ


Ķ ת
һΪʲôֶΣһУȰʦˣͱʦҲ֮ͬˣ
˾濴һ׹󽣣ϹЦͷĸеһ˿ԾﲻԾȴǿȻΪưȴҲ֪½еףٴοȰˡ
лʦֹģʦһһԣʧҲͰˣ͵һѵǳɹٺ٣ǾͶлʦˣ
һָ΢΢һЦ֮״ԱʩչʲôʤֶΣ˾濴һ㡣
ãõúܣȻʦܲȥҵҪֶΣġ⽣ǿҵġֹ⽣
˾汻һ̬ȼŭˣֹ⽣֮һȼĽȫ߶μὣ㳯һ˹ȥ
л˾ʦָ̣ʦСܵġ⽣ɣ
һ΢΢һЦһǰʩչͬ˴ε׹ת֮䲢û׹ⱬž죬˳׹ˮһڽתϸһ߲Ϣ
һ֮ٸһһֱ̣һֱҽǣޱȡ˾ǧ޵֮ӱȻҲ˵֮ȴҲ壬ֱһ񣬴ֹ⽣ϱ͵һӰ·һһһƽ⡣
ֻаɾ룬ֳֳȻЩ˶ȴֻ̨֮ý⣬ش󣬸˭ʩչʲô˶֪ȽƴǽóֶΣͬҲΣյֶΡ
һвʤ˾ͷŭȻⲻΪԼܷ֮ܵ½ѵһһȻΪŭ𣬵Ϊ֣һֱǶ󣬽һһʤȴ֮СͬʱһԼǵܱܵȽϣɵø̾ͬˣȴ֮
ʦᣬȴǽʦʱϾޣһΪȴԲ㣬һȥ꣬һ죬˵þۣΣȴֻܰˡ
һȴ˾ϵı仯Ȼ׶Է˼ȴ֪ͬʦֵܣ̧ͷͷһбҪġֻϱȴǲ˵Ҳ
л˾ʦֿ佱ʦҳϲҵδʦܵĿ겢ڴˣߣ֣ʦּ¡
һս˾ѾһͬһĴڣһˣȻΪѣȴҲһ֣һˣͷҲգЦȻˣʦܿҪСˣ
˾߶ʱǰһٽļڡֹ⽣ָ֮ϣӿһص
һ״΢΢ԾȴҲңгսĶһ֮ľӨ˲佫ǰ滻׹һ⻪һգָֻƽʱ֮ȴͬѰķϢƺ֮ûʲôնһ㡣
⣬ʲô˾׵ĸܵһɽ⣬ֻԼԵĲһˣһһͨ쳹صɱ֮
˾ʦ֣Сˣһὣǰߣ⽣֮еһС
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˾üͷһ壬оԼȫ߶ķֹ⽣Ȼһײ±ѹסеľǣֹ⽣ϱȻһ˿˿š
һ΢΢һЦȻ֪ԼռϷ硣Ȼ߶˽һĿֻʤͷһһһ˫зֿһϽһתһг˾ɱ˹ȥ
ת֮䣬ȴǹλһ򣬽£ߣǽȻ˾ѹסʩչεȽûа취ӮϷ硣
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Ų˾ʦռϷ磬ôͻȻֱʦѹסˡ
ǰʦܵʩչʲôֶΣѵʲô鵤ҩɣ
⵹пܣǬɽЩӲֵҩô˵ʦҲˡ
˵ƨɽôһʦǰͬʦֵķ˲
ҿ˾ʦָʦӲǣ˾ʦַֹ⽣ı£λѹơ

һʱ֮䣬ϵӸּ۷׷ס
ʱ³ϾվԶ̨һУλϲ˾Ϻͺ˭ˡ
ʦ֣ɿóô˾üͷ΢壬ڵ


 
λϣһλ˾ļǰһλҪһΪͽ³ϡ֮ǰȻЦ֮Сܻͷû뵽ôϡǰսҲǿСֶΡ
һսһʩչġʮù⡯磬˾ʩչġԪֹ⡯ǽգĥ˶Զͬ٭ΪȦɵ㣬λ϶⡣
һ֮ǰȻС˵˾ȻԼ˾ҵĽܳӵܶһʤҲɵø߿˼֡ںϣǸϲԽ̲סҪȥˡ
˾潫ֹ⽣һһѹƣλ϶Ϊʤѷ֡Ǻ϶׼Ҫһս֮ʱ¶֮磬ͽ뵽ʱȻתѷһһȻ˾ѹס
˾ѯʣҲüΪԪӤˣʶһԲʮ֮ڶӲǵĶĿȴȣǲɢʶȥƾһ˫۾ҲԿת֮ǰһ˿˿仯̨棬ĵӶûпȴҲӲǵ۾
ţһƶȻһתѪɵȴɢޱȷͬʳϢֶûб仯̺һɽ⣬û˿սҲһأοƺתЩ仯ƺʺǽʹõһ㡣
֮࣬ߵıԴ̽ʶڣƾʶҲֻܿԣλǼʶ㣬ȴҲܴһֶ֮пǾǽһ֮Ľ
˾ҲΪͬĵ˵ͷͬʱһĳϣЩҲܿȻ뵽ʲôæʺϽ޵ѵСӵ˭˴ڣˡ֮ܽеƪ
ܽ룬ҡͷӦòܣ˾ͽ׿֮Եĵӣҵ³ϵݣҲԵô֮ܽеֶΣ˵֮һġƪȻԵôġ
˾üǣֻֿˡ
Ҳ뵽ʲôϲޱֻ΢΢ҡͷ̾һʣֿܣһǽתݣ֮ͨԴһתתѾ˽ɷһɷ֮ϹŽ޵ĵ·ǰ߻ãԴҲˣˣԪӤΪҲǿӡǺߣǺǡЦһȴٲ˵ȥ
˾ϼ״üͷһأʦֶˣὣɷǺεѵ飬˵һëͷСӣǧжɹˡοһûи˻ֲ֣˾ͽһ鱦ܼ򵥵ὣɷο˽ɷӣѵͲҪָô˾ͽΣţҲô˵СֻǻԵɺϣʲôôһϾ֮Ҳšܽŵ˽޾Ҫʦʹã֮ʱСӾΪľ֮йƸġ˵þǵʱ˺ôֻȺôٺãȵùһԪӤʦջκֵܹģʦַľˡ
Ҳǻ֮ͨˣһϯ⣬ͷһΪͽ뷨Ũ˼֣˵ͷϣˣ
ȴ˵ϣһ˾ѹƣһϰСһֻ˳ޱȣ˼ֶڽ˾ʮֱǹɴתֹ⽣֮еĽȼûŤתս֣ԽӸо
ʱһȼᣬֹ⽣Ϲ⻪ʱ֣һӦ˵ȱ仯ȻϷŹᣬҵĴ߶ƣƵ˾ˡ
һӦܹ֧һôôȼ꣬⣬ѵҪȼյĵ
˾׹ϴɽһѹһ߿֧ţһͷסÿһһĿ๤ǱҪ᲻ĵġǰһնʱȼʣµֻʮǼȼȥʮղ룬ֹ⽣˵Ҫ󽵵͡
ʦܣɷĿʲô
˾ͻȻʻһһ㶣ڨڨһЦҲʦܲţУòڽδ֮϶õһ
ʲôУõһ˾һȴһЦã˵úãȻʦĿǶõһұ㿿һʦаɣʦܹӮһҾʹ䣬Ԥףʦܶõһ
һ䣬˾ڷֹ⽣ΣȻͬʱٵȼ


һ һʤ
һȼǰǰûɢĽʱڷֹ⽣֮ȼյľĵĵͬʱ߶ֹ⽣籡
˾һˣֹ⽣֮йĵȼյĽڳһȼٶȶʱıһǷֹ⽣Ϊģ˷ɾȥ˺֮
Ѿ˾Ƶļޣһ֣ԼҲᱻı
ʦܣ˾ǿһӮˣҲûʲôñԹģֻԤףʦܳɹˣ
һһ˿Ͽң˾Բ顣ǽ̨ĽУͷҲߵһ˾Ȼڴ壬ȴһҺˣнȴָû뵽ǿһ˹ܹԽʿ˺ȴʮ˵áҲһ֮ȴܲΪˣһķڷˣ
Ȼʦԣʦܷǣʦְֳɣ
һһ˫ֳֽӨȳһУһһĽϵ׵֮ʵʣ廯ɷ׵֮ɵľ壬նһеƳ壬ƿһʱǷֹ⽣պ÷ͥ
˾ˣϲһЦһáһת趯У׷ֹ⽣֮У̧һӣڳһһ˹
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һһ˫ֳֽûлڵĽУûʣеֻǼ򵥵ն
ʱ䣬һŨ׵֮ɵĽײһһҫ۵İ׹֮𣬼̶Ǻ䶯̨ը죬ɽһ㳯˷ӿȥ̨ϵķɳʯ˵ڡ
λһۣһͬ糯̨ϸȥҪ̨˲䣬ȴͬʱһ̨½Щλϵƣ㲢ǳǷųҲԽſ
ԭǺʦֺ˾ʦܣ̨µĳϼ˶Ҳ΢΢Ծǰк
ҵ˭ȴʦ̨֣˶ɽӣǶлʦշˣ˾æЦ
Ǻǣ˾ʦܿˣɽ˲ű˶Ӷһ֮֮ɽ˲żüãҾŹɽĽ
ʦܣ֪ɷ˳Ͽڵ
Գһ㶣ͷ˿̨ϣ˵ͷҲǣʤѷ֣Կˡ˵ţǽһ㣬̨Ľɢһ𣬽̳ɢԳ
̨֮ϣһ˾Զ˿˿ʧȥ⻪ĳȻһЦ
ʦܣӮˣǵܵһ㲻ԩ㱻˵ǹʹҲñ˼һʦܼ¡
˾ʦˣСҲﲻ֮ʦּ£һսǶлʦ顣
ǺǣʦܿˣһսٹƽҲûʲôģȫʦܵʵķڷ˵˾湰˹ֱ̨
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˾棡˾˾ϣ˿æݵ
ߣﻹô֪ʲô˾ϰһȵ
治ý֮ܵǿˣ֮ͬŲϡ˾ͷ
ãҲ֪˾ҵļҹ棬һɽȥɣ
˾ԹֳһҪ𣬳ɽȥ
ȵȣͻȻڵ
֪кηԸ˾Ҳϵúϡ
һΪȥɣ㹻ʮֹ⽣ˣ˵ź̧׳һöľʯԱڶӼ⾧ʯһ
Ʒʯ˾ȻǴȻʶʯȴҲûӵйӵƷʯҪٻ๤ὣڸ󼸷֡
лϣ˾һ
˾лϣ˾Ȼ֪ΪûʲôϵĺϾȻԼôһϺõĶԼ濪ڣȻл˹
нһս˵ʮܹ֮𵤣ȥɣȥɣϻʾȥ
⻰˾ͷһϲȻҲһվԼǱܣû뵽Ȼᵤ֮ɴٺãȵùᵤгɣл֮ĳɽȥ
̨֮ϣһһСԳʤ֮ŷ
һλϣ
òӦҲĲ˰ɣһƿ浤ȥɣջбɲҪɽ棡΢΢һЦ׹һƿҩҲٶ˵ʲôһʧ
˾ϺٺһЦСӣջɣ˵Ҳȥˡ


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λȥһҡͷЦһսķͷѾ㹻ҲԸٿ˶ֱ
ҹһĿڷУһһϢӿ֮һܣֻǵľӨ⻪֣׷һϢ֮Сһʱһ׳˼ֵĽС
ڶκ˴γȴǽϢһİҲʮ棬һܣҲǵľӨƮڿ֮Уɢһ֮ʱ޵Ŀռ֮У֪˿˿Ƶİһɣͬˮһ㣬һͷһС
һһǽϢһֻѭҲ֪ٴΣһ˫
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һһһţԼСףҡҡͷ
һսĲ٣ȴһ㶫˵ȴֵˣ
˵䣬һ΢΢һЦӨ˿˿ƾȻڹʲôƬ֮Ȼһηģ˾ڴˣȻҪһ⽣Ԫֹ⽣ģҲ˵Ԫֹ⽣ĺڡ
һһ̧һץУͷһ֮һ㣬עСֻϸϸž죬һϾȻˮһĶƬʱ䣬һ㻯糤̵С
Ԫֹ⽣ȤʵȤ
һһ̧֣ˮСʱ𣬳һķ˹ȥСҪϵʱһĴӷӿ֣С档
ǺǣĽÿһֹ⽣кεȳ̶ȣ
һһָսС֮УСʹȥϣǽӿ֣ٴνС赲˴һ飬ע㹻Сٲ˻أһǰƳЩĴ˹ȥ
ʱžણһ죬ˮСȻֱˮƬƬ䣬Գһ
һһ̧ٻǽϸһֳ˹⻪԰ȴûһˣٴιעȴһˮСȴ׼Ƿ飬ưסСץ˹ȥ߬Уʹ
žǣһ죬ˮСٴһ顣
һ޹Ľһ¶һЦЦıſһǽ˿˿ƵľӨС
ҪһŽô򵥵飬ˣˣܹɱ˵ĽѾǶ˶Ľ飬ɵĽԴ佣Ҫ͸Щ쿪ǴôȽ˵һĺϢȥҽϣ˵˼һ˾͸ԵɣҲĥҲĥ͸
һ׼ٴʱһһȻ
ʦܣɣǲ
һɵÿЦҡҡͷųȥֻԺվ˺ЩˣͥФɽأڵһ١
ٺ٣ʦܣ˵콫˾Ӯķڷɵúúףһ°
Ц˵Ϊףһʤ˵ǰһȸУΪ˺Ⱦƶ
ǺǣʦܽտǴĳˣҵأ
ʦܵͷ൱ʦӮȴʦӮ˻˰
ԣҪ鰡

һ̸ۣһԼʵʵڳ˴ͷΪ˾ǽδȵԱеӶΪܹǰʮû뵽һսȻһôһֻڵĵӡչ⾰һĴš
ϢһЦһĵ͵粢ϣһ뵽ԼҪõһȴȻˡǽǰһʱˡ
Լ׿һߣһ˽һսĽϣͥٴνأٴɽһĵӣһȴϧ¡
һܣȴûһɥʹ֮һףɴȣóľŹɽǬɽĵζܹܵͣǰʮ˶ָؽǰʮȴҲǲĳɼʶҲˡ
֮һҲϧǵˮҹһ֮Ÿȥ׼һյıȥˡ


 ȫ
ڶգһٴƽ̨ȴѡԼ̨һƺǰûʲô𣬵Щӻ壬Ľɻ󣬻ǼʵĿ⣬ȴһսı˲ٶ
ˣˣҲҪսپȻȥĺã
һͷţе΢΢һȻǰźöֺͶ̨ˡĴֻһޡָϡ
һһô¡
ʱФɽһ˹ϵ֣һЦʦܲʵǿ󣬱ҲΪ
һɻʵФʦ֣⵽ôһ£
Фɽһ㶣ҡҡͷʦ֪νޣǾֿգ㲻ñԾֱܹӽ
ŶҲ㣬û뵽Ⱥ¾Ȼ䵽ԼͷһԵͷ
Ǻǣ⻹ֹʦܻ֪ɣղμӱԵһʮֿյһʣʮӽоų֪ʲô˼ô
⣬ѵ˵Ҳñֱӽǰʮ
ˣ˵ʦܰҲǲأǰʮĵӶܻнֺö㷨Ҳеģ˵ţФɽԳһ˿֮ɫ
һ״ɵФʦֵһںôһ㷨ô
ФɽһָǺһЦһЦݣʦǽޣҲںҪ֪ȺöȻԽԽã˭Ҳİ
Фɽ˵һҲҡͷҲ뷨ȻҪԽ෨ԽãЩ֮ǰõķһ˼⣬ļûϡ˵мʹãЩͺʹתһܾͲʱ򻹱ȲԼֶ
ͽ׷⣬˵㲻ʲôöˡȻǸ߽׵ķʲôƷƷƷ鱦һˡ
ʦȻֿգҲȥʦֵܵıԣ˵һҪǱԣ֪֪˰սҿԼֵһɴȵһǿʮֹʵأ
һط󣬵⻰ҲȴФɽӣҲҪԵ̨ȥ
Ǹ̨ɲɣվŵһ˷ܣЦѵξҪʦܱԣã̫ˣҶȲˣ
˵һɵĿЦóʦСǰǹսģ
ҲûбɫЦһļ򣬵ҲãΣֻ֮УʦܻһҾͷʱһ˷̨˵ͷҲȥˡ
ʦֻǺȻⳡԵһ¶ʦܣ˵һ˭˭Ӯ
һЦҡҡͷҵʦֶһֻǵʱǽμӴȵʸ񣬴Ҷ֣ҲԼеʦֵʵǿʱ򣬿±յ˾ʦֻҪǿһ֣ȫԸһӦܹµġ
ԭˣããҾѺʦˣ˵֮䣬ФɽǹһƻЦݣ׳һⲻƬ֮һɹС
ʦǣһɻ
ФɽٺһЦ׬ʯʦɵðæ
һʱԵɣԹФɽͷ飬ЦƷٻ𣡡
Фɽһ㶣Ůһ࣬ҧгݵãɽ
һԹһЦû뵽ɴҲ˸ҶĲȻȱʯʹãҲԼ۹Фɽ׬ʯãֻٻ𣬴ΪФɽȸԼͷˬʹˡ
һͬ⣬ФɽҲ˷ϺԴ㳯̨ȥֹһҪ׬ЩʯǮ׬ǡ
˾㽫Ÿ̨оŸ̨̨ɽӡбּɽʮСеһˮƱһλľϻǱˮƱȻǽ֮ټŮӣһֱˮ˪һҲ̾ǲľϻһֲľʽ಻ҲһΪ̾
ȻппһҲФɽһĽ裬Ҳ˵ʵΣ۱ѹ𵤵ӣϻ棬һ䲻˵һб仯УȴҲұ֤߳ϵ׼ȷʡ
ͥʦֽնս̫ɽʦ֣ФʦӦҲϵðɣһָ̨ͥŵӵ
ŶλʦҲʮ˵ã˵ˮݣȴóʹˮйѵõţʦܣ㿴һ˭Ӯ˭䣿
һЦһҲֻܲм֣ӮȴڳϣϾʦֵɱﵻûгֹأ


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ɱﵣФɽһ㶣񽣵ͷҲȴǲ֪һἰɱʲô
һФɽֻҡͷЦһʦֿϳɱﵣҹӮһЩ
ɱﵣãҵҪʲôɱﵣһģѹʦֵʤʦְɲҪСܰФɽЦŽһȥȻٴѹ˶ע
ˣȫŸ̨˶һ飬ǽ𵤵ӵֻ̨ԶԶţϾǰ涼ЩһΧۣﻹǵķݣ˵һ۹ֱӮʡ
Ȼˣҵ뿴ʦֵɱﵣФʦΣһʵ
Фɽÿɷʼ磬ҵÿһˣȴҲÿһչˣһͬʦֵĶҲã˵ܹȡЩҲá
˾һԣȴҲôյǰֻǲԶĿųϣʱĴӽ޺ͷϡ
ȴ˵̨ϣֳͥ񳤽һֽʩչ޷죻ƣ˫һһɫ⻪ˮɱҲѤޱȡ
ñԶ빥ǽɱʱϾȴܼͥˮѹ֮£ֻܻӽֵʱʩչ⣬ȴ;㱻
棬Σˮ飡
ȻϷ磬ȴҲڴˣһ˫ǰһģһηģĲȻ֮ȻǻƼһƷ
׼ֶβڴˣ˫ץǰһϣһһɫĶʱڳһˮ𱾾Ͳݣܹȶһ˿ʱҪըϢɫ֮дڴʱԳһ˿üƵЦݣƾɫ͵ĳͥ˹
ֻǵĸոճ֣ǰʩųˮˮͻ׷ױ˹Ͷ֮СϵĲȶϢԽԽŨ̾Ҫը
һֶΣͥҲӲеʱ˷ˮûһͣǣܲĵ׷١
ͥüͷ壬һʩչǵضķ׷״ˣԱŲһ߷ųɫǰˮ֮ķĺɱȥ
ɫͥĿұ죬Ȼǽȴֽ֮ɱȥң赲ǰķƣһǰĳһˮ֮С
ýɹ֮Уͥɫȴûһ㻺ͣüͷĸ˼֡ãһžը֮Ƿ֮дһƮ̶ɢ֮䡣
ʦ֣ˮ飬һпûãǲʩչǿֶΣȥɾʦһʤˣ϶˵
ͥԲŭЦ˵ʦһַˮ飬һȻ鴫ȻˣĳҲһлûǰʩչͽʦ̰ɣ
˵䣬ͥ񽫳һףһɫ⽫зס˫һ𣬶ʱʨ֮ϴ
ȻʱʩչɱҲǲˣФʦ֣һʦӮˣ͵׬ʯɣһ΢΢һЦ
ףʦܣʦֵֶλûʩչξ֪ӮˣФɽɻ
һصĳƬ̣üŪһõФɽθڣŹһЦƾֱ
ФɽԲɵô󷭰ۣʱȷʵǹؼʱ̣Ҳѯһתͷ̨Ͽȥ
ȴʨ֮һƴ䴫ˮϣһӦ飬ڶɫɢ졣
ʲôֶΣڼһʱͷôһʣΨһǹЦݣڵĿһһС
ʦܣ˫Ҳǵһγսʨ𡢻Хʦܴͽ̣
ǽʵķɽͥлֳʨͻӰȻɽ֮עꡣ
һʨ֮ټһ˫ϵ֮ɫȥ룬һĿͥͷһת󶯷ɢ̨ϵˮ֮һˮƬʱһ䷿ݴСͥȴֻһԿϷƺûһҪֹ˼
ˮ飬ˮݣ˫ɱ
ƴһһָһˮ𣬱һˮ͵תһ㳯ͥ˹ȥ
һˮ飬ҿҵֶΣХʨ𣬶Ͻ񣡡
ͥ˫ֳ˫Ҹ趯ƶʱƵһߴ˫һһˮռȥָǿԳ˿˿
սӣˮ֮Ȼըһɷصıը֮ѹǶϽ˫ǰȴǰֺֻͬƲһ㱻˺顣
ʦֹȻһб˾ʦֵһҲ˿νޱ
ʦܣһ֮̾䣬һϤͳ


 
һ΢΢ԾܹվԼԼ֪Ҫн𵤵Ϊܹתͷȥһ׳ʵޱȵĺվԼһģһ˫۾ȴǾĿԼ
ʦ֣ԭˣһΪʦ㻹أһЦ״
ǰ˵Ǽ˵ʦɴ֮дչ֣Ҳ̲סΪδ˴ξȻ̨£ѵһѾôʦܵӦӮ˰ɣǽǰʮˣ
һڨڨһЦʦּЦˣС͵һһˣֿյĻͷϣ£ô
״ԹһЦʦһ˳˳ˮǲֱӽǰʮô
һǺһЦ˵ͷȷʵˣǰʮ֮ʮԣĶǱڵ֮еĸ֣ӦþͲˡ
ӽʮųôʮˣʦͱﵽ磬֪Ľʺء˵ЩߵרǿֻҪ۷壬ɷҲܹʵǸߵɽ塣ʦܣҲùǵģ
һԵ˵ͷһܽˡ
ʹɽӰɣΪҲܸ߳Ӧĵˣ״תͷ̨ϡ
ͥʦ֣һ񽣷ϽΪϬʩչɱﵣȴνƥȷʵʮһڽ͵
ǺǣҲʶãһ˫ҿɿóʦƵİɣ
ʦֻ棬ʦƣ׼ϣΪһ˫ʨ𡢻Хû뵽Ȼһ˫õȳ̶ȣȴǷǷֻû뵽ȴʦܵĵ֪֡
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˵ţ״Ȼת¶һЦݣصһ˫ʦܰɣһ׼ҲǺõġ
ǰһ˵ôȻ˶סĵͷǣû뵽ȴôһ䣬˶ɵڵ
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תͷ״ֻ״ЦʦֶܻΣˣ±ˣߣʦֵܼҸطȺȾƣ˵⼸ʦ׼˺ЩƣΪֿҲҪһأ
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ε飬һʮԼԴԷ޹ĸӦϵǰ飬֪Ȼ״أɫһ࣬ʵʦ֣һأ棬ɴȣʦַģСͷд㡣
һ⻰״˫͸âƺǰٻûκӰһ㡣
ʦܣ֪
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״һпĶͺԥ֪һ¶˾ģֻó̾һԬˣ


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ʲôһһ棬͵վǼӳ˽涼飬ƺһأҺƹľƺѾһأ˷ơ
Ƕ°ɣҵʦ˵˵״˻֣˶״˼Լ£˹֣ȻȥˣƬ̣ǰСԺֻʣһ״ˡ
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Ԭʦʵǿôܼ򵥵䡣οǰԬʦ˵Ҫ˵أ꣬һȥûмԬʦ֣ѵôһ֮ǰһ
ŰҲΪۣΪһͶ˵֮ϻؼͶ񣬲ǵȴ޹ˡѰһ𵤵ִһ񣬶ִж񡣶Ϊ򵥣ڱŷԲʮ֮ѲΣպСޣҪΪĥӵĺľպΪߣˣһֻʮϵĵӲҪμӡһͬǸͬšǬɽһҪƸƷŹɽһΪ󷨡ɡ֮ǰ˵ǬɽһĺôǲɣҲûΣմڡЩȻЩΣգ඼ŵΧ֮ڡϱڵʵɵǿһȻ˵֮ȴοԬɵʵǱڵ֮ҲǸ֣Ѱ䲻˵Ƿֺ𣬵ȫӦû⡣˭֪һȥǼ꣬³
״˵̾ϢһƺԼУֹһӣһУȻǾý״ΪԬƵƷֻû뵽ɣȴˡ
״һٻһ˿ٴӿͷһЦץǷڿն𣬾Ȼֻý˷Щ֮ϣð޹⡣
һ̧ͷһ۱㿴⾹ȻԬʩչӣ˵ⶨԬ״ཻô꣬żȶѧ״ȴ⽣
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һôˣͷһ𣬰ȻȻ˾ͽˣ
״Ҳͣ½һȴҪ򾲺ܶ࣬ϾͬһӣλȻ˾ͽˣȴҲһ̳
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״һʲôæ˾ͽʦ֣˴λΪԬ֮£
˾ͽüͷ΢壬ʦ֪£
״֮Գһ˿ϲɫ𣬵չֵ˾ͽʦ֣״ûˣձ˾ͽʦΪԬɱѩޣ
˾ͽ˵˵ͷԽԽ䣬ԬʦҲн飬±ʦ㲻˵ҲȻԴο¾򵥵ˣǶԱŵƣƣȻҪǸۡ
״˾ͽ˴Ӧ֣Σ˾ͽʦΪԬɱ𣬱״Ƿʦһ飬պ飬״ضǡ
״ΪǬɽһľӢӣȻΪһ㣬ֶȴǶ⣬պΪܹ֮ǲ˵š˵˾ͽնڣѱպиѴ״㿪ڣȻҲƴǣֻصص˵ͷһ䡮ʦܷġǱ˾ġ
ˣǵʦܰɣӦ״֮˾ͽȴתͷһڵ
һԼǱٹڣȻȴܷ˾ͽУ뵽ԷȻԼܵһ֪˾ͽ֮䷢ͷȻ΢΢ȴǺܿƽǣлʦִ֮ԬʦҲдСȻţҲ˾ͽʦΪԬʦֱѩޣ
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һͻأһŪĺͿ˾ͽȴҲ˿ϷŪǱֻĮƺһж˵ǡˡĮ
ʦ֪ܲ˾ͽʦִͽ̣
˾ͽҲûɫ΢΢ͷҲ˵ʲôֱӰ𽣹⣬֮㳯ɽ˹ȥ
һɵôһֻ÷ԼǴһҪĻᡣҲϾæ״ߡ
ʦ֣˾ͽʦԬʦִڵأ֪
״ҡҡͷȴǲ֪ʱҵõϢˣûע棬ƺʲôɵַɣ
ַһһʲôæڵʦΪҴ̽һ¶ңԬʦֶʮҪ
״һһ࣬̾һͷðɣȻҪұȥһʣʦԵƬ̱ǣ˵䣬״𽣹㳯ɽȥ
״ȥһһ˹ڿУ΢΢Գһ˿ֻأ߶ԭˣԭˣ˵Ԭʦ֮ȻΪʹҲڳΣ֮УˣǵȴʦֵϢٶƣ̫äĿ⡣
½⣬صУСȴû˯ΰϣһ˭ϢʮϤҲʮǿ󣿡
һҡͷЦ˾ͽʦ֣λطȴΪԬʦ֮
˾ͽˣߣһ̳֮ñгɣЩ̳Ҳ㲻ʲôСǹһЦ
СףҪˣ
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ɴȣɣ˳ͻɴ֮ʲôҲںǽڵĽڵҲںΨһҪĲ뽣ϵԼˡ
һõ˵ţϤСȴףѾһжˣõǲκ˸ĵġСȻûзԵ˼˵Ϊһޣһ顣
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ҲһЩʵʲô̫ѵ񣬲ΪԴɸһصɣʶǰȥѲӡֵֻԬɰˣƺЩʲôеõӣѲӣû뵽ȴ³
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Сͷзִ磬ʦ־Ͳصģʦϵ˾ͽʦְɣ
һ֮ûаԥ״̾һصص˵ͷˣʦСıǣȥϵ˾ͽʦ֣˵þڽգʦ׼ɣ
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״ҡҡͷٴȥһ˿ɽ򣬻һУС׻׹뻳Уô
һصص˵ͷˣǻǻɽɣȷʵкЩҪ׼һġ˵䣬һݣɽ㳯ɽȥ
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һԲЦСӲţ˽ָȴһ¶׹˽ͷǰʮһ
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ʲô飬˵ûԤ֮ŭֻǵ˵ţƺһȥμɴȣȥȡõһĲһ㡣
һϰλǰı仯޳˵ͷ㿪ڽһϵе飬ԬĽ飬ħŵĶԼڣһ㲻©˵˳ǽԼ뷨Լˣû˿Ϊ֪ǰϺһĴڣԼܹƭġ෴ʵõĻԡ
һĽͣûһ㶯ֻһԽƺʲôһ㡣
ΪѱΪ˼ˣߺߣ飬ϷҲ֪ûˣѺͼ˶֪תֻضٴΣûеˣˣȥɣʲôƨɴʲôȥɣ
һͷһϲæݵл
ҲлңֻԼԼʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬һɵһһҪġ


һͷСӽǴ£ʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬СһΪ϶һɵһ
ߣ˵ĺû飬͸ҹɣ˵䣬һڶҪ
Сӻ̣
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ߣɷӣΪɷʲôϹŽ֮ݼ̶壬һѾĻ̰ͼٽɷһôĲ㡣ˣϷ˵˵ǣڵĽȻɷ´ὣɷȴô򵥵飬˻Եйأе˻ǡɣ֮㿪ʼὣɷӣе˰ٰùȴʮһɣȴѱ˿ơ
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ߣСӼˣھܽһ˿ҪСȴһδĻᣬ𵤣֪ô̥֮ʱ֮Ԫ˲䣬ɻɷӣȻᣬ˭ҲûС˵Ϸ㣬жԶԶ
һ䣬Ǻڶֱһֻת㱻׳˽ڣӵǰߵĽڣһͷȴǻϲޱȡ罣˵ᵤ֮ʱὣɷӵĺʱǽᵤһɳʱ
СӶлϣ˴һȥҲ֪ʲôʱطСܹطʱȻٻϣ
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ףٶͦ죬ˣһӵ˵̧һУС
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һصĴ֮󣬱˾ͽ˵⼸ûһ㳤һΨΨŵŵ
˿ȴһ򵥶ʯң˾ͽˣ漸𵤵ӵͷڼʲôһ㡣
˾ͽʦ֣ˣǴ·˵һ䣬˵һȥˡ
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ԬʦСжСܳԭԴɵǱȽΪλʦ·һֵ
ΣգӦҲ֪ȻΪԬɱҲ㣬ֻǴ˴ʮҪ˭Ҫȥȥģ
һԵ˵ͷʦȻʦ֣ʦʲôҪ˵ǡСȴԸһԣ
ߺߣһһԣ㲻һӣȻ˵ȴ󻰡ΨΨŵŵһԵĵӺվһмĿһһۣתͷ˾ͽ˵˾ͽʦ֣˴ΣգңαҪӣûս˵׸


 
׸һüͷһ壬Ŀ˵⻰Ľ𵤵ӡ
ô㻹ߣССӣڶǣֻڣ˴αɴûаɣܹȡôǰˮ׼˵һãˮ׼ߣֻ׸ˣǽ𵤵أ˵
ԭˣʦֵ˼ֻҪӵһսҲԲ׸һһȻ״
ǣŵӲٽ֮ܳʵǲ磬ܹϰ𵤵սȵҲûõģôҿʦ㻹ĥЩͷ̫ѣȴܹμӵġ˵ţӸһѭյǰǡ
лʦֹģʦܲţȴȡôʸʵȴ˵ѷˣ֪ʵ㹻
㣡ǽ𵤵һڤ粻飬ԴޣɴȵʸΣȻ˵ѷˣҲδ̫ˣ˵֮䣬һƴȳһѹ˹ȥ
ţһܵһƣһɣʱͬʱתǰһɢƮ֮УѹȴѹƲסǽһȴɢޱϢһУиơƺһһƱƴ֮УȻ˿·磬ʱѹȵ˼
󵨣𵤵ҲеһĲͬΪ𵤸֣ѹһӣȴ˽ӣеһ㣬ַ̧ųһһ˹ȥ
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˳ֹһͷһԣߺһ֣ӨУʱ˲ӳֵϣͬʱһնһеĽӳ͸
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һܵЩÿһѰڵȫһǱ˾һֻ˼֡˷ȴǼ򵥵ܶԸġ
˿壬ż㣬ʱһҰ׹⻪һ̻Ϊ׵֮⣬մתۣһ˲㹹һЩûк䵽ϣһֱӽ֮չ𡣲ǽٵȻȫƺûгֹһ㡣
⣬ôܣǽ𵤵Ӿһǻ׼֡
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˾ͽ˵ûһԾӣ˵ͷ㷽ŵĽֶΣǰʮҲӦģ֪ΪԼܹõʲôΡ
һһ㶣ʷǵһã¹ϵܲܲμӴ˴񣬲ǫصʱüͷ΢壬һᶨĿ˾ͽˣ󵭵˵Сܲţһ֮ģ
һΧǰʮѾЩ𵤵ӳԾѣ⡮һ֣һһ񶼱ˡȻ֪ġһԼ׻ԡ޵һ޵ڶΪڶˣ˵䶷ĵһôѵãǾǾ԰˼һڶζý𵤵ӵһ˾ͽǰ˵ôһ仰ǱĲ˵ǰȴʮˡ
ãøһȥִһɾͲˡ˾ͽѵùһ˿ǳЦ
ѣһҡҡͷ


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ǿǲںʲôҪ֪Ҳֻǿ߲СɴȽҲΪḻѵͲںô
һ˵ͷлʦ̵ֽнȻ񣬵ʦһиҪҪȥ졣
Ҫ飡˾ͽ˼ĵ˵ͷȻˣҲ֪÷ڵһλ飬Ҳ㡣
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˾ͽ˵˵ͷʱգ˴;ǣȥɣʲôдˡ
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԰˾ͽʦ֣ȻʵȵҵȽ𵤵ӣҲʵʦֹնȻÿġǰһһĽ𵤵Ҳ߷ߵ
˾ͽصĺһһƳǵѹ˹ȥ˵ĻҲû˵ĳ
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ʦˡʦֻһʱʢǷҪִ¡ʦѵɴȵһʵôǰ·ĵæȰ˵ʵ
󣬴˴ξУҲǸĥһĥΪдʦܣҽУֻЩ죬Ƿ֮ҲԬԿˣû뵽겻ͽĳ̶ȣȴǿ֮ġڴȵһȻȫţҿⶼ˾裬Ƿܱ֮ȣӦò֮Ҳˡ
˵һԼ˵ȻĺȴȫţϾڶһڱѡţܶôȵһһһĴڣ˾ͽ˵ۣҲ˴롣ӿЦҲ֪ͷЩʲô
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˵䣬״󶦷ǻϣһʲô֮УֻǻϵĻ桮ۡһϸߣ¶Ҳ͵һء
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һһµͼٲǰĶǾӨȻ룬ЩͼĹ֮бԪ֮Ϊӣòֻͬвͬˡһˮ󷨵ͼ˻ԪҲԼֻǻӰǿȰˡ
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һ״ȥŻصԽǳһ˿ʮϤĸоû뵽ȻʹﵽϡһŻԭЩƶԼȴҲ⡣
Ԭʦ֣ߺðɣʦܼ֮ܵʱȻΪ㱨ѩޣ
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һ״ӦһһȥˣȻ浤Ҫָȴô飬һܶظҲǺõġ
ӼһҲһԾѡϾܹǰʮǱǧĿĶһһھʹǰʮĵӣǼ˲֪˲Ĵڡ
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֮УһնŽС׷ųԼڴϣ
УʲôôС׺Ȼڵ
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꣬ǧ֮󣬵һ𣬶ԴɵĵλһƬؽ绮Σλһ˴֮һΪεĴռ˵أȴһԹһԼҲôһطڱж죬ﻹҪһض㲻ϵĵط
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⻰ǼԳһ˿ĵɫһȴͬϷԽͳءĲ˵ԬɵֶҲ֪һЩԷܹնɱԬɣɼʵǿӵҲ֪ʮҪԸԷȴԲ㡣
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һԲɿЦ˵˸֮󣬱ٳһȥӣڵʦ֣СܻЩ˽Ҫһ£֪ʦԸһȥҸطЪţоо󷨵ұǣ
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Сչ򣬶˱ʮ̩߾ϿգҲڡɽһҳ˿Ϥĸо㵱ȥҲû㸩ӹһƬأ㿴ȥȴһпû뵽һȥʱ䣬ȴڻˣ
ʦļ˰ɣٺڵ
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Ŷͼɼ壬ãΣԱȽСҰҲ򵥺ܶࡣҲ򵥵ĵһ
һ΢΢һЦʦһͬǰȥɣҲ֪ССŪڲڣǻڣӦ÷㲻١
ٵ˵ͷҲ˵һɽطȥ
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ٺ٣ʲô˼һ۾ͿˣҶҴСòҪƾһСһġٺ٣Ҿ͸ǣϽжԶԶˮ̫Сܹʵġ


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СٴȤƵĽһ´һΪͬĵ˵ͷ죬ȤҲڣ
һʮүӣɵӣӣ˶ûб˻Сû뵽ĵһΣȴٻصԼ֡ȻֻÿЦҡҡͷһȻĿ˿Ǽٱ
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һǰεأʲôʱֵЩٲˡҴɽÿڵʱЩٲŶҳͳһɽظſѵ̶̼ͱ仯ϺҶӻЩôµġ
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ʲôøС˵ͷɲҪֵܼҲѪɣһٲſޱȵĺ
һٲЦСӣҺʲôʲôôðװ׾ģ˵ׯܻЩǮá
⻰ׯȻʲôóȥǮʹãҲΪ⶯һοҪץˡ

һһҲ֣һϲһʿԲǺһ򵥣Щ已̥ĹٲֱʯءһѪײԶҵҵǽϸͷѪǰһ̻Ĺٲһ̱ѽҽڵ
ԱЩֵİգȱ仯һšɱɱٲɢӿ
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һüͷ΢壬˵ԼгɲںȷϾԼһֽийԼ壬⸴ҵãҲ΢΢
˴ɽפأ˵ȲΣȥ鷳Ѳӵ֮һСͷĿ˶ˣǿŲŲǰ
һӲ죬֪Ӧ⼸ţ΢΢һЦ֪ɽ˭˹°
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ǵ֪޲ԣ޲˵һһ˵ͷЩԱ뵱û̫ı䣬ֻһЩҶˣӦҶӻֶΣҲϾһһִһȻҪԼ˸˳֡
ˣҽҶӻгɣһϵ
ǣǵ㶵ı㳯ȥԵκҲвס
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ٵ˵ͷҲٶ˵ʲôƬ̣һǷ˸ɽҲ磬۱ˣүү˫㿪ư
һ䣬һڴ˫ɱڣҪʳѪһ㡣ץСͷĿ
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ٰȻһЦûһ㶯˼һǵŭһ˿Ц̧һָ㽫ǰʮصĸͷһ鸫ͷ˲䣬ָֻᵯž֮Ŀɿڴı֮£һ師˲仯Ƭһأһָʱһ師ϡ
ܣɻϵñôһһȵ


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һ״˵ͷɣҲذЩ̣ҽȥɣҵҪ⼸꣬ɽﵽ׳ʲô
⻰˵õģȴӦһ䡮ŭ̶±ͳһɽصҲ˵һ־㹻ڳ֪λĲ򵥡
վһԵٶĸȤüͷһΪһ߳һ֮ĵʶʱһתȻ˵ɱϵϢĳ̶ֳϣȵӾңϾɱ࣬ȴǷˣݽһ㡣λطһԵ֮һߣ֮ٹ֮֮Ҳ֮ʶȻвͬ
һǰ棬Ȼĸں档ܱһ֮æȥһڴ˴Ȼ·Ҳô죬ֱӳȥʱüͷһܱ꣬ȥҽͽץɣ
ܱһ㶣һһӣһϸСĽֱӷɳ⣬ֻһҽӴ⴫
似ֶܱٴγԾǸˣֻѧǷ켫Ҳ룬˼˳汼ȥ۴ģȻɽﵱͽүү˹ˡ
һҲܱζԸˣֻһ·ȥþǰͷһ΢΢һЦٽС
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ҲأøʲôǸʲôλʦ֣ѰһϷʦ֣ȥһĸСܣô֮˵һָָ٣ͷ΢΢ʾ⣬һʧԭء
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뵽ҶӻæϵĻ֣̿ЦɳɳԺ᷿ɳҪεסС˵˱ǣС˶Ȼ׼ȫ
Ե˵ͷҶӻԺȥ
ȴ˵һһ·ĸڱȥת۱Ժ⣬ֱӽУȴŵĸšƬ̣ŮǰţһһףҪѶʱһߺԺд
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һгɣϰθߣ߳жŶĸĸһȰĿ˿ǰĶӣ˸ͷ˿˵ͷͺãͺã
Тĸܿˣ
ɵӣʲôܿ಻ܿģ㳣⣬ǳ˲ٿͷɣΪ˵˵ɣ
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ϺæǰˣϺҵĹܼңЩ鶼Ϻҷ֮£үгɣҴңϺҲο
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ү޳ôصϺͷȻ֪ߵ飬ֶΣԴҲֻд˵еˡ
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үɵС˲£˺ͶүɣϺȻ
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Ϻáˡ֣ͷһů֪һԷ飬ŵͷǧл
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ĸҪΪ˲⣬û뵽һӦˣͷʮֻϲɵʮҪԼνĵǺεģ
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һСºͷҲɵһͻƽ뵽ѹֹд鶼Ǻ꾫ˣԭСϷҲ񡣡
СףҼĸףһ΢΢һЦֵ


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С㣬ĸǰƽǷǰǲݽ涼磬ĸȴʮ˳һ򸣣ūС׼ĸ״ˡ
ĸŵڣҲ˴ǡϵһ˵һ֮£ܽܡǷһһѤҲֻΪƯĸоΪ˶ֶζ
С׿ԼǰǳȴǱǰǷ˲١Ҫ֪ЩҰʷС˵Ȼἰ꾫жôôƯôô˶Ժ֮Уȴʵ˵ӳˣǸһȴһ޶ȡ
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ڳ˶ˣĸϺĸѹٽС´һæ˹úӣض񣬲ضҺôһĳһ˶
СԣϾȻ¶һɬĸ״˹ˡ
ν֮˽֮οԼĶϱĸСԽԽϲЦû뵽ҼһȻҵôһһ治֪Ƕĸء
СԵͷһƳһƳ۽Ǵһ˿Ц⣬Ҳ֪׽Ū˻ϲ
ĸףСĹؿϣܳʱȥùһأĸ׶˵˵һСһ˿Цݿͷ΢΢
µģЩȴĸ״ˣռ棬ȻҪ˵˵֮ǿݻģС׿һһЦ
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ĸ״˵ǣһĵȥҵܵܰɣڣʲôġˣ㽫ϴ赤ҲҼĸ״ϴ跥һҲഺפ١
һԵ˵ͷͳƿҩСףȻʲôʵ֪ɵҩЧɷĸ׺͵ܷܵã
СԵ˵ͷɵҩºͣǷʹЩѣҿԽһϡ֮ĸܷܵʳǣҩЧҲġ
һһϲͳһöɵСסⵤҩϹŵҩϺõĶȻǺöȻԽԽá㻨һЩФɽ˼öʮöҩϣǾ͸̸ʹϧˡ
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ٰ꣡ĸϺ˶ԾĿ˿һ￴óһ֮⣬ǰֶΣɵףе龹Ȼ䵽Լͷ
ˣĸף֪һչʲôطΪβڰأһʵ
Ŷү֪Դӵ֮ҶС㳣ˣһȥүˣ㲻ǽүȥҶңūҲֹ˵Ҳ֣ү˵ˣѧȴȳ˿ʮֹǰãȻͻһˮ׼ϺȻ̵ˣֻöүҶСȥҶˡ
һԵ˵ͷһչͨ˾ѧȻʮֿ٣Ҷԣ֮أҶ֮˵̣ѸҲǵȻ֮ˡ
˵һչӦûҶңұȥûмҶ棬ݣҲԱǡһ΢΢һЦ˵ĸһˣͳȥ
ߵǰһվȴߡĸ״ʵһôȥˣ
һתͷЦȥˣһչûˣٶȣӦúܹܿ˴˵ţǹһ˿ζЦ
ת˲֮䣬һϵЦݽȥͻأһ˵ŽŲһ㣬ʧ
ĸɵЩţȥȴС΢΢һЦֻЩ˵ҰˣС¶˵㲻ʲôĸ״˰Ĳǡ˵ţȹһԪȴǽһΪĸ


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һչΪӦþҪͻһ߽붥ߣھ˰ɣǽŮȿڵ
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һչŮǵƤŮҶСҶѣһȥ꣬һչѾʮһ꣬ҶС㣬ҲʮһչΪС䣬٣θߵ죬ҶѣΪӣҲʮֽ
ôýģ˵һöѿŸĸҲǰŴﵽڡǸҲһߺߣɣҶ˵Գһ˿֮ɫ
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öаеǰƥǣ˽ȥ˵Цɽ֮УһƱ˴Ӳ˳ΪһźۣһȺٲˡ
Żɾ˾磬ҶСҵһˡΪǺǰøɬ
ŻӣҶһЦҪ뱾С㾹ȻǰֻȺūǰȥ˵һҪҶҿɲǣ˵ͷҲأҪȥ
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ڣڱС񣬿Сѵѵ㣡ҶѼ״һӣһͬһ㣬Ǻ˴˹ȥ
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⻰ҶҡҡͷȴЩʣ˵
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һһһչҶѴڽ֮ϣԸ˰еӣܱ˽ʰһֱӻ⳯ĸס֮طȥ
ȴ˵СΪĸϢû㣬һ⻪һһԵŮһչҶѡ
һܵôˣĸһչЩ𣬵ĵÿʵ
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һҲţڶϺϺȥҶӻǷʦְٺˣǺˣ㽫鷿


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һصԼԺ֮УԺʱ˴ɨҲɾãϺҶӻ
Ҷ֣֪ʦֿɰźˣһʾҶӻ£ʵ
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ΪҶҶ˵ΪҶѶɱһ˰ˣû뵽ȴǴԣȻǧҶԲңɱ̫վ͡ҸķӽˣҪźá
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һǺһЦһһȥѲ˶ʱ䣬Ȼ㵣ģǾʹһӣʦȻ£ܵĸһӣʱȥȻȴ棬Ҫֻ֡Ҫ֣˵ŻӣǽȫˣӦöڻ¡
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ȴ˵ɽ֮УһС˴һֱܵ棬һǰݺݺŮӽ֮ӷŰ
СҪȥţһӰӰ˳ȴһĿθߴĺӡСǰһصļһ֪ŻæôѵҪ˲ɣ
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ۣߣһˣͳ⣬ҶСӵ鵹Ҫ֪Żӣ鷳顣˵䣬Գһ˿аЦ⣬̧ϣǴźȻըҲǰԼ˵´žŻӣһС
һſʮ˵ĴϣһŰ׻ƤŤݣһɻ֪űҲûͣ


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ֻЩŮϱ⻬ƤȻԳҰ֮ɫ̶һƣǷŤҲͣҲɱȥȻû
ֻҪ߶Ȼһ۱㿴Ȼǲɲ֮аĲɲ֮ӶŮҲ˵ӶѪЩŮһеһжӶߣֻʣ¸ɿݵʬ壬հ׹ת˲֮䡣
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ʲôôɲͷһߵͷòЩѪŮʬһʵ
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⻰Сһ̽Ӳæôһ⾰ιȥվŵŻӣ۴˵˻ȴһֱس֮УǰϢ˵ҶСŸȥûϢСķԸ̽飬ȴûϢΣӡ
Ŷ˵ӦýҶС˲ǣΪηʧ٣˵˵ȥʲôطҶС㣿
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ȴ˵һչҶ׷ȥ˵츳ҲͱϾףʻҶѿֻǸҶѣҲ벻׳ʲô飬Ȱ
׷ɴԺ֮УһչԼõĺñæҶѵѽ㣬㲻˵Ҷʩչøôзѽһɣ
ҶѴĸһչԼȵˡЩȥҪؼĸǰ͸Լһչס˵һȻ֪ҫȴӲƽ⣬ŸҲһչ㳯ȥһܻһֹ
ߣСҲҪŪȻɲȥˣһҪŪߣ
һչû뵽ʵ䷴סҶҲֻܸȥܵɽſڣһҽд⴫һ˹


 ɱ
һɺҶȻһȴҲɼӵܣֿ֮䣬ָǺסͬʱһ䣬Ƿ籷Ǻһˡ
ȴһ㣬ҶһţһƬƣɽŶΧ˸ˮйͨ
ҶȻܣȴɵƾʿܹʩչ˵֮ǰǺˣҶһȴֻսˡ
һ߻ⳤ籽Ǻ飬һ߿˿ңú˽ԵܲбһҽϢ
ѽ㣬㣡
һȴӺ洫һչµֵɽ
ҶѼ״ɵͷһţ룬һչͷѵõͬڲͬȴвͬɵһṳ̂һչֳַɽȴҲԶԶǷų֮˵Ķ֡һչͷʱһţѾǿԱˣﻹסһչֻһչ֮С
˭֪һչǵûа˺ĺۼָʵĺȻڽ֮·׷նɢλӽһƬɢƾһչһˣһƬռ䣬ҶѻС
ѽû°ɣһչ賤ͷ˵ĳ죬ȴҲѯҶһ
ҶѼһչӢµӣɵÿˣ⻰źȻתϾȻѵõķһƬϼܿɢȥȵСڣô£ڶǣ͸˽ѵô
һչͷٺһЦѽ˵ǣΪӦòġֻҼǺͷֻǻңŷ˽ѽ鷳ˣ
Ҷ⻰Լһչɵóһһ䣬һŷĲ֪ľڵϳ籶ЩƲסһչ㹻סŲڻ顣
ˣˣȻˣǾͺúó֣ҪҷİҶѺܿ˼ӲķԸ
һչԣɫһϲصص˵ͷһֽʩչԽԽ˳֣һƬ飬ںĲϲƻٶȣϡ
ڴʱһЦСӾҵɷҲһģɷѪħ
һ䣬Ǻ֮УԶСһǲҽУ˻𣬻ǱǿЩ˿ƣһɫ˿ߴһչҶѵԺ֮УҪ˼붼飬ʹö˷һ㡣
Ҷ֪ħͷãȴҲһغħ񣬸ѡһչǾ͸ǲˣƾһֳɱ˽Ϊ춼ûп룬ֿסħϮֻƾԼĶǿס賤ٶȴ
ٶȲ䣬˴ٶȴ˲٣һռ䲻ϵСϵıխֻǿĴС
ô죬ô죡ҶȻǿȴֻΪĸߵģҲɵû෴һչȻħ谭ȴֲиĻųһƬռ䡣ֻȥվǰ취һչͷ𣬱Ҫ볤֮С
ڴʱһԽӳϴһԳΪģ˷ȥưסˣħʱʧƵ֮УһƬ׷ɢͬʱǰЦ֮ҽд
ᣬѽ㣬ǳȥ
һչһų֮ϵƣһһν֮ǲ飬һ·ǰ˲佻һͬʱǵ·˳ȥ
֮⣬һڣķ˲ҪԶԶӿȥȱȴǲУǰһֶΣȴҲ˺ЩɽӣѾȥˡ
˻عҪȥʱǱɢĺһԵı˻ȥٴԳɽ֮⣬мӰڴǰѪ³ۣǺºֻۣһӻԵһЩǹĻЦȴԳа
Ǻǣһ˭ˣԭҶС㣬룬ȴûܼû뵽ɨˣȻӦôһ仰̤Ьٴԭȫѹ򡣿С뱾ԵʰЩ棬Сϥ̸Σ
ߣҲ룬ҪΪʲôӾܹñСͷٳֱС㣬ѾСɱˣҲɣҶ
ԭŻɱȴһչҶѶײһš


 
ú۱ҶɱŻӽХüͷһɱһֶ¶һаЦһСӰˣҶСԸ⣬Ұʮɱɱˣֻ»ɱС˰ɣ
㣡ԵĵϷҶ࣬ŭָŻȴ˵
ǺǣСҲż֣ñӸ㰲ŵطϢˣɾӲСȵƣС㣬ò˵ţŻӽХǹΪаЦݣһ˫ĿҶ´ͣ
ҶǻƻŮҶ飬ʱܹ裬ǵҶҵʱŻӻһϷҶѱߣһ米ֱ㳯Х˹ȥ
úãһҶС棡Х״ϲҪıǼŭҶѣͷܹҲơ
⻰Хܳһü۵С̧һ󴸱㽫Ҷѵĳ籵סת彪ХŻӵ£СҶСɣ˵ţüͷģһͣȴǻޱȡ
ԭǹˣãҲڣСˣˣӻ˵ǰͷɲС㣬ɱɱԽԽã
ԭһɢޣ޹һŻ𹦵Ĵõ֮ʱǲƪʶҲ˵߻ħһѪڻ㰫СΪʣܿƣҪÿŮӷй
ö˶˵ȴħ֮еĲɻһ㣬Ȼ˲黳ȴɢպɱԵɺ֮Ͷ뽪Х£ǰ䣬Ůӿÿշй
ΪϲŮɫڵ֪ХħħһĹ󣬱ÿÿΪֻ֪Ѱʱ򲢲ۣҲХӣûͷϲޱȡ
ýХĻһ˶ЦݣŻӷģһСɱĹǶֲⷦǣ
ХһЦ˵ͷܰ쵽ӾʹһħŹʱҲܹ֮࣬Ȥ
һ˫С۶ʱñȻƶһ㣬лȴоϴһ֪Ƕ໰ʱ򣬺ٺһЦת㳯Ҷɱȥ
ʱҶɱһ飬һ籣һ˫󴸣֮ˮŨŨ֮ϻڣȴҲЩͷ
նԣȻҶʤһϾǼߣȻɢҪࣻԹԶۣҶˮйѹƹ˵𣻵ڹ̶˵Ҷȴѷɫ١ʶ߿һƽֻ֣ҶȫԸȴԵΪɣǾĲˡ
ٺ٣ҶС㣬СһսСҪúɱǲɱʱŻӵ¹С˿ǳﲻأ˱Ǻɫ֮㽿ŮҲɫģԵϷ
ߣһҶѳҪɱХȴ綡סһֶʹȻܴܶԷͷͻǻðɣһ㽫ֶʩչ
ֻҶѳ米֣ͬʱһĨĵϣһף˲仯ʮ̳߳˹ȥ

˳һһЩ֪̾ǱٹһԼֵܹģʱŵһ߻һ߳ˣͲˡ
СȲֶΣºúɱһ̲ǣŻӼûоöӣ˻ЦͬʱһƬɫͽ̾
ԼõȻ㱻ȥҶѼȾŭһ߽⳯ǹɱȥһ߰ԴһչϽȥСסȻСֻ͡һչЩζСʩչһҲóΪ֮ߣٲԼĸˡֻСѾͷ֪Сֹĸ𾴵үүСǰҲ㲻ʲô
ҶѴһչҶԼܣֻǼеվԭأҶǹٴζһ
˵ǹ˱¶һ¶֪ԷͷȻȺö¶ɷХȴǱ˵Цˡ
˵ΪҪЩ棬澡ɥﻹ˵þŻӵķԸѽѽĴű㳯Ҷɱȥûֵ˼
һʱ֮䣬Ҷѻǿ֣ȴԳӮʤѶֻʱĲˡǾŻһǸںҶѻᱻɱһֺǺǵĿһϷ
һʮغϣѽһҶһ㶣һ˫ֱҶûüؿڡ
ŻӼ״Ҫ֣ǿʲôȤЦһЦȴ˻
ԭʱһչ˳ڶˡ


 ƭ
һչҶѵķŭֲ뿪ڴʱҶһʧҪⲻ⣬ﻹܵʲôĽ壬һչ֮㳯ҶѺ͹֮ȥ
Ҳ֪֣ǹߣһչٶȱƽʱһ࣬գۼ۽˶ˣһͦ㳯˴ȥĿȴǹбؾȣƵù֣źýҶѾȳ
СӣȻŭɫ͵СȱıԣҲǰĴ󡣼ó̹ȴҶһæ˿ȥ
ûᣬѽ㣬ǿߣһչҶѽȳͷһϲæ
ҶһչĺҲҪߣתͷ˷ֵķȻʩչֶΣﻹߵˡǰԼһչȴߵɵЩ߷ߵĽǰߣ㲻ߣôߵõ
һչǶԸͷҲ˵Ȼֻһ仰ҲܶѽԼһߡ
Ҷͷһһ֮ڣÿÿؼʱ̣һչȣ⻰һֱԼܵܵӣͷҲ֪λ£һ˿ۺĸоƺԼܹһ㡣
첻Ըʱ˻֡ǹ˱һչһˣȴϾʹ˰֣һͷһչ춼ṳ̂룬ݺݵĿһһ˫󴸱ҹγ־Ȼ˰Լ֮УȴһչֻֿĴڰˡ
һչͬҶѶӽһͬʱ˵ͷ׶Է˼ȴҲʲôһͬʱһԴ󴸹ȥ
һֱ㿴ҶʿתȻһչܹ⣬һٶȿһһײڳǲķǴ󴸵ľʹ󴸵ȥҪһչֻһЩ
˾ḻͷ޼˰·һչΪûﵽ죬͵ӣҪɱʶڶԸһչһϣ˼֣Ǳ类һȴɱ˳ȥ
һת˲һչϳǴ󴸽ϡ볤籲ͬӲײһ𡣲ûԤ֮еĳ۶ϣһչɵһһˮͰСȻһ㣬УһΪ
ôܣ
뷨ǹ˴˽һͷһչһĴƬ֮󣬸ǲֵͣĳǰһ壬һʮʩչ潣⣬ֱӴ̽˹˵ʺ
˵Ѱǿ࣬Ϊߣߵ˺ܶ壬ֻһ·뻻㻻ʿҲѰǿ˼֣жʺҲûġ
ǰһ̻ռϷ磬һ̱㱻նɱ˼ûһסԶֵһչҲһ㣬ָϳ֪һжĹ͡һڵĿ¾Լˡ
ҶҲû뵽һչһϬ˹һŷȴ֪ڲǡʱѵСһ㳯һչ˹ȥ
Сӣû뵽ӾȻۣȻôһñԣûѵˣȻһССķ˾ȻȺöûȶӸһᣬҶӵܣ㽫ⱦɱ˱µһʴҲɱˡ
Хһչϳİʱ̰Ȼ壬ΪʲôŻӣٹڵȴûʸõġһϺõɽǰɲġ
⻰ԾȴһչҶѶˡֻһ㶥ˣȴڡɵȡһСС׵ʱ˼֡
ôǲԸ⣬ӿҪԶȡˣµɥӳ֣ǿɾۣ뱾ͬҶҵĹϵɾͲХһЦ
ҶѲǴӵܣ˼ҲֺýХһչϳҶӵܣһƣߵŻӣƣһСС£ȻҪȡһ˵һСӣһ־Ҳֵһ֡Ȱȥݵþүүȡҵܷܵ˼䶯ãүүȻ֪ڸϹǻߣͲҪҶҲ棬һĽѵˣ
Хһ㶣˼һתȻȫţȴҲ˼֣ϾС£ôһڶûдﵽССջϾ̫ԥһ£¶¶һƻЦ


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ҶС˵̫ˣձǰ룬ȴ´ɱѵҪһ⳥ҲôҶҲСɼңᡣҲգҲգԱǣҲҪСɵôλܵȥ磬±Σ
ХһԼԿıֿȻٴοڣǵҶϣӴΪͬҶӵܵһչ
⻰ҶţԷòԼȻȴҲռŵ£Ҳٴδ̼˵뱾С㸰磬Ҳǲԣ
ŶãұΣСͬλСүһͬȥɾӣХһϲæںȺĹٲ
ԣһսСԸвʣձˣΣ
գХüͷһ¶һԭ˵ı飬ҡҡͷСԲӣһսˣֻΪ˸ȤСΪλвʡʣǴҲǱӵΣﻹмö鵤ÿ̲̲Сԡ
˵䣬Хһöͨ͸ҩ׹ҶѻֽˣȴҲ𲻳ҩǺεȵҩνֻǽڣο滰ֿͷ˶ԷĵҩͲǽС㣬ɵˡ
Ż⣬Сˣⵤҩ²ϱСθڣ˵ţҶѱ㽫ҩ賯һԵˮȥֻ֮䣬һöҩͻˮأת˲֮ζһ˶Ʈˮ
ХûһΣٺһЦ˷õĵҩȻõġ
꣡һЦӽХȴǽХһڣɧ̬֮ԱŮ̲סЦ˳
ӣЦʲôЦһ⣬ͬСɽһ׳㶵ʵ
ǷԸЦ˸ָͣŤߵǰھŻϣһӶҪһ㡣
СãǿϺõġͬ鵤Żӵºòģộأôһ㹻ʮŮҼҾŻӷһˣǸңҲһβأ
ʲôҶѱΪʲôҩ⻰β֪⾹ȻǡҩƲƲһ¶һչɵŭգŻӣƱС㣬ѵ治ҶҲһô
Х鱻ҲΪ⣬̧ڷһѣӽЦֹתͷСˣһͬ鵤ȴϺõĵҩֻҪС֮ʲôʹͷնʧֻԵáο뱾ͬ˫֮֮ʱȻ˲ٺôȷʲô˵ҩ֪õȥˡ
㣡ҶѱһＤŭȴ֪˵ʲôһǵͨ졣
ˣȻѽ㣬ȡ㹷һչҲŭͷһŭջǣ㳯Хɱ˹ȥ
ХһΪȴǶ෬ƣܹƭȻãʱŮ뷿УеĻɱˣǴ͸Լµķӵ˶УɽȻԼУʱҶҲ췹ˡ
ǲƭ˶ˣֻҪŭˣ©ֱɱͬҲ֮ʱ˳Ҳ͸Լ
һչɱХһãҲٽ³֣Լżһ˳֮㽫ͷֽȴ򿪣һֻһ֮ϣһȣһɹɷ糯һչ˹
ȴǰĺͬûǵصƣģŮӵ̽Ҫһչһ㡣
һչȴͷף粢Ǽ򵥵ĶһӳǷ绮ȻʣķжϣгĲɢϳȻЧһչͷԶ
ֶαƽ⣬ХϲԶɽ̰֮˼֣ͷЦȻñȺñзŹ֮ԽԽãʱ䵽УǲܷӳҲ˵ܲոҶңһɽ֣ص֮УҵĵλҲΪ֮µһˣٲЩݣҫķʱҲǿˡ
Х˼֮䣬ϹҲͣ£һȣһɹɷȳȥͬʱ߶һܣ֮зɳһŮӰһչ˹ȥЩŮһ壬Ĳǲ˼˿ǱХħк֮Ůꡣ
ȾǶԸѰӣȻѪţʮֻܷɣһչ֮ͯ鲢ðӰָָ֮ҲŮǷնϣһĲҽдҲҡĳ֮ġ


һ ٳ
ףСЩ£ӦҶܹעĺ󱲣ѹдҲûдﵽӵùӵֶΡǾãСһҶҳƤʱҲÿл˵
Хͷע򶨣һѪһ֮УǷ͵һЩŮҡһ䣬ﻹǰ欣һצһչ˹ȥ
һչΪ㣬ܿɽǿ֧ţХһݣѹǼҴɽʮΪɽҲϬޱȣӣӰס͸˿϶Ѿ³
ҶżֱšȻҪǰæȴ׶ڱٹʿԼȥҲûκã״һչĽࡣ
ٺ٣ҶС㲻żֻҪ뱾ӳ˺£λСҲͳ˱ӵСӣοֻȡδСӳŪЩͲˣХһЦݣȻĵϷҶ룬ҪһչȻס⻰ŭڣһʩչȻͷŮĹҪȴǿ
ХȴҲһչηŭֻ˵ϷҶѲᣬʱһͷȴԽԽϲҶǰ˵ҶӪȵ¾ųɾǼٵģǷĴ󵨵ĥһչִ˲ƣĵϷҶ
ȴ˵һȴͱЩɢĵӴҶӻСЩӵ֮УҶӻ֪鲻ԼܹˡһĽһ߷Ըȥ֪ͨϺһ߾ͳԺ᷿ȥ
ٷ⣬Ȼ˲ԼܹģʱʮΣϱҶѺһչһҶҵǧС㣬һһ׵ܵܣֻҪһ˳⣬ܹмܵġ
С׼ţ̽ȥһճ谭һʱ֮ǽ˲ܡҶӻҶΧӵܣİͷҲٲʲôزأæɳͼһ棬СҪ
һüûл׼˵ǿҵĺʱӵʱһй˿ķŸ֨һվǰĲ˭ˡı顣Ҷӻ´һʲô飬˵ɣ
Ҷӻͬץס˾ݣæԼ֪˵һص㽫һչҶѵ˵æٳȡ
ҿʲôٵ˵ͷʶɢȥȻʶһɵͨһ㿴سǣɽĵ̻ǿԿģ֮˻ǹһεЦ
Ϊһˣû뵽Ǳʦܵˣˣˣ͵ס޷ѺˣЩħҲÿһҵ󷨣һãʦҲ˵ʦ˰ɣ
һתͷҶӻȥɣԻֵġ˵תصУٲҶӻ档
һߣϺϢҲҳɣæĸн¸֪ˡĸԲɵͷңСҲˣҪСףһչ
Сҡҡͷĸ״˲żū֪ˣСҶС㲢µģıˣ
˵ţС¶һЦĸϺЦݣͷżһɨգҲ¶ĵЦƺʵС˵һ㣬顣
ʱС׻һָ󿪣հ˿Ժķ򣬵˵ͷӦòҳ˲ǡ
⻰˵꣬һ׹ӺԺ᷿֮зоͻһ޴ޱȵͼ˵Ȼٳˡ
ǾŹɽĽܳӣȻǷͬ졣һͼͻأĳڿУ̶һ׹ǰ׹ֻסɽһ㣬˷ɢȥɢĹ֮г˴֮⣬ûκζ
ڶŪһչҶѵĽХȻע⵽ȱ仯ûӦԣǰ׹ֱֱɨ˹
棬öѵķۺһɨգǰ׹һѰĳֱֱ˹һ֮ȴǽɨ
ã󷨣ӣǶӶ֣
ХһӦԼһȷųķ类Ѹջ٣Ѿ󡣲ΪһϺõҲƴһƴһ߹ɴѪһչΧɱȥһߴ³֡
ýХ֮ԣ֮ʮٹʿԼЩʿ׷׳֣ɫֶγǰ׹˹ȥ


 ⻤
ڹ⣬Ѫ⣬ҹ⣬ʽųİ׹˹ȥ˺ȻСڵİ׹ⶼһͣסǰ
ããӵסȡʱͣͣХЦſһѪûһ֮У̧һףһȱʮڿзɿ˵зԼŮ㹻ɳʯˡ
û뵽Ҷһоֻ֮ͨҪղǰ˭Ҳ£ԹԽ㱾ӻȥú棬ձˡȻ˭ҲܲˣХҲȫԸˣʱҲҫҪƭһ
ΣҶӵܾûϺʲôӣħ˰ˣȥҶǰ˶ȻʬΡҶƣͷԲС׳֣һչڿ֣˽ХĻʱһٳթ
ߣʲôҶǰһССʦ󷨣һҴСȫȥХ΢ҲϽοϼ򵥾ͱƭˣһЦڳԵ
ͬʱɽԺ᷿֮УŷǰһͼϸһȻɽϿһģһԭֶͨθտ󷨡
ٺ٣û뵽ҵ󷨾ȻһᱻôһССıٹħͷЦЦЦҪҵ󷨣ããǾͽ⡮⻤󡯵ٿһֺˣȡҲֻܴﵽЧ̫֮ⷲȻôֻԸЩСħͷ󷨣Ҳ㹻ˣ
˵ţ̾̾һָǰǷʱ⻪ͬʱסɽҲ⻪һǣӦģ籡İ׹ҲһֹǽХ׼һչºֵ˲䣬ֵסİ׹ʱڶħ޵ֶΣһ㳯˹
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һ棬ɫɷףѪ飬ΪֻڵסӵȹǺӣһȣҹ͸Ĵ뾫
˭֪ǷɧޱȵķתͷһȻӻҹĶͣһ˦ֱӽӳ׹֮УԼȥ
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ĸӵԺϿգһһŮڶϸһһչҶѡǶ˳ɽȻ̲סҪˣһСװҶɽ֮Ժжһ
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ЩһѼСġôһͨ˵ĺӣЩһΪʢһżƷһЩ
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ٺ٣ʦܲżΪʲôˣٵһЦ


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˴֮ûһΪȴһ֮⣬ɽ֮УҲ⻰
ڷСʶ̽鵽˵Ĵڣֻһֱδᡣ⻰Žü΢ʲô飬ȴûжֻһĿȥˡ
һɽ֮УһӰ٣ͷһӡһиڲáʮҲæŲ󷨣ʵĽġħ󡱣۲š
Ȼ⻰Ҳʶһ̽üͷ΢壬ڵħͷΪ΢һ㣬Ҳãħ˴룬ҲԷӼǿˣ
˵֮䣬ֽ̧ǱӡǼɽ֮Сһ󣬻һ㣬üɽ֮ҫõĹ⻪⻪ܿ쳯ɢȥ֮ڸֽ־ٴһǿĹ⻪ЩĹ⻪Ҳͣ˷ɢȥʱ䣬ɽҰԭһ㣬һƬɫʹ
ҽħͷɱˣһ̧һЩ⻪׷۳ɸʽ𣬳߿֮һɱȥ
߿֮ǴԳơĳˡˣǽ½ʿƳǵ񽪹ֳʼҳϽȻĸ֮ȻýХ˵ʦȴΪ⡣ΪԼֵ棬ϢһţһֻҪһԷȻԹǰݵȴû뵽ӭľȻһܼĹ
ƳȻ΢΢ԾȴΪʲôֶܹʿʲôвͷССһʦȻҸҶô˴νЩһħʶʶҵˣ
Ƴһ̽һħȴҲǴӡĲ֮ȴ͸ѪɫһȡǹǺҲ֪Ϊôһħײɱ˶
ٹɻ꣡
ƳǴӡһףһǣ㻯ĥ̴С뷨ӡ֮͵ĴܳһӰϸȥȻһħĶħĴЩӰȴմȾѪ⣬ԵߵĻ˵Щǻûг״Ϊħħ֮Ķֻȶħ壬ħħʹá
֮䣬ٹħܳЩħƮڿб˻ͣѪʳһƬʱ佫һƬռ仯һ㡣ƳһｫҲżһЦһָЩħצĳǵ⻪ȥ
ӣЩħȻмצ裬֮㽫Щ⻪顣ýƳͷϲԼЩơ
ϲãһҽдӹħȺ֮дһαնһͷħţһ½ͬʱҲǹħն룬Ѫɢ졣
ƳԾͬʱȥȻֺһƬǰ治ͬʮȻնɱԼɹħҪ֪Щħɱ˲֪ˣòл꣬ι˺ЩʱղƳ㱻նɱ͵ֱնɱЩʱĿ๤
ֶΣѪħʳ飬ɱ
Ƴͺһ֮䣬֪ŪѪưһڹħЩͷĹħЩѪ꣬һŤϢƬ̱ǴһֹͬʱҲǿһĳЩ⻪ɱȥ
Ѫ֮ǵڶ⻪ȻӲ٣ҪֱնɱħȴΪˡϵı飬ɢһʱ֮䣬ٹħѹһɽϿաһƬҵƺʱҪİڵӡ
ٺ٣üһħҲмֶΣǾͶ߶һɣЩħͷնɱҲʦ֪󷨲ǰġûһţ̧־ҪֶΡ
ڴʱһԣԳһ
ʦܿΪģȻħûвȫԸôһССħͷûˣΪַһ㿴ɣ˵ţپҪ֡
ʦһæסʦһǲȷܹնɱԷ
ĵĵ˵ͷȻ٣һڵħͷˣȻնɱˡ
ˣʦһ˵ţһһϸ鴫Լļƻ֪١
ҪˣһԸĵ
ˣСܾħͷӦ˴ЩϵʶҪȥ̽̽ףȻʦȤΪСܱʦ־ˣ
ҡͷˣˣ»ǽˡ˵һʧԭء
һ΢΢һЦֳ˳ŪһЩңת沿һת۱㻯ݵӣ㻯Яʮ⻪ﳯϿɱȥ˭˸󷨣


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һȣƳͷȥһӰЯ˺Щ⻪һת۱նɱ˺üͷħŽڶħ
úãҸһƳ֣ϲץǰٹɻӡͳһȥ
󵨣ħ򱦹һ
һȴ̤ѩ޺۵ֶνϢѹƵٹȺڣڵĽƳϾŭӣջ׺ݣȻ챦⾹Ȼһǰǰٹɻӡײȥ
һ죬һ⻪俪ͬʱҲ˰ٹɻӡĽƳҲĵɶֻһȵĲڽϣһҰף͵һѪ
㵽ʲôˣΪҪľĳ󷨣ħͬȴ޹㵽Ǻ˼һĺ
ǱõɶĽƳ𱾻һ½һȥЩǿиɵĻȴͣͷľҶѵХСӻѱôˣ˵ɽʲôľҽѵˣˣˣҶҵˣ£ɱ˾ǣҶ󣬵ҶңǿոΪҽá
뵽˴Ƴͣϴӡ£ħЯźպħ˹һ´飬ɻλľ֪Ҷʲôϵ
һһĿǽƳС˺󼸲ŵĳľҶֻǽðˣҪҶѰ𣬱ȥɽˣΪεҼ󷨣ѵСľĳûô
ƳͷһϲȻڿҶҽãȴҹҶңлˮ֮⣬ǿķ֮ȻٹȺڣһ֮ʮϬгɣµóһΪҽá
ԭľľ֣̩ʿǰҼСΪɽҶһҵƣû뱻ѵһ֪֮ͨ˽ĳû뵽ȴСŪʹĳ󷨡ûȥһúýѵһľ£
Ƴǻʼ֮ˣͼıƷ飬Ƹ˽ХˣٲȻһ
һⷬȻ֪Էͷ֮ȴŰɵʮǿĵ˵ͷ˹Ҳ˵ʲôҪ˻ȥ
ľƳʹȥ
ţһԾˣϸ𷨾ӣΣ
˿ȴƵСϧ˫ӦЧƳͷ˼⣬ͬʱٺһЦν벻żĳľʦҲѵã罪ĳ˳֮̽£ֻǲ֪Ӱ
һԣһԸǿƳԴвЦ⣬ħǿ˵ͷǾ鷳ˡ
ƳȻЧһ롯ɽһȥһʮɴǱһ㡣¶һ˿ЦݣȴǵüƵ
ãһȺСħͷӭ˳ΪһǾŻӽХ
ХýƳطǴһˣͷϲԼƻɹæӭСֶ壬λҶˣ
ߣʲôҶλɽľҵľʵΪ˽Ҷң˭֪ǲ˵ľƭľ󷨡Ҫľٸ£˼ûطʳÿ
ţХڵΪԼȱҶʦոǴһ뵽ⲢҶʦʲôľҡͷһ㶵ľңѵǸľңɱҸ׵ľһôܣľҲǲçһ㣬ô߳֡һҪľҲϼô
£
ƳХסʱһѹųȵˣҲҶ룬ֻ˸˳һȥˡ
һҲûעôһɽ֮ӣҲֻѰӣ֪ǴȥɽµԪ֮ͷҲ֮˱ɱ֮С
нƳǰڶħͷֻܹмӣϯܿȴǲʼɡ
ƳһһͬλߣһｻƳһġľһɢޣ֮һ󷨴Уɾ͡ҶҵĹϵֻЩ飬ڵжپͲ˵ˡ֮һ͸¶һĿǣýƳΪ⡮ľ𡯹Ѭģ̰֮
νӬ޷ĵƳ֡ľ𡯲ûʲôƷȴҲϲʹϻʼҹֶΣһ²ٺôŰư͵Ľľո¡ǽһͷʦ
ľʦ˵ҽҾҪոҶң֪ʦ֪Ҷʵ񣿡ƵƳ𿪿ʵ


 ڲ
һôǹؼæĸȤʵ֪ԭδģ
ƳʣҲɫֻ״ҡҡͷҲľѣҽʵۺ񣬱ǿոҶҡҽҶҲǶĽڣǿȴΥ֮ͬˡʶҽұѡ˾ŻӹҶҽף˳ȰֻЩʱҷ෬ŬȴҶһӦҶҲԸⰡ
һοƳ֮е©ͷħͲͬﻹʲô֮ͬˣǿҶҷˣҪӣˮܰˡȻͶңȴõΡҶҵһᣬΪ뽪ҵ壬ֻÿã˱¶ݣҶϰˡ
ԭˣ˵ףӦӦʲǣҶƣǲʶ̧ˡ˵ţһתٺЦ½ʦνʳ֮»֮ǣ罫½ľĳԣҶҽҸǲһ󷨣˵ϻҶҳ˵һ˵þܹ˳ǡ
ŶľԸԳƳⲻǴӡľ𡯿̽һЩϢȻζԸҶҡȰ˵ȴЩϲͷһòζԼһֶΪء
ǳɹľѿ˴󹦣ʱصʳǣһľѰƳ¿ͷô
лѺ⣬ʵľĳֻһ֮룬ϣѴӦһȫ쵽ˡ
Ŷ֪ľʲôǽĳܹ쵽ѡ
һ˿ЩСħͷƳҲ⣬ɢˣŵľк£˵ǣ
һصص˵ͷʵ˵ҶΪҰæҲ㽪ҵҡ֪ľĳ˵彪ڽ֮ںɹԭһţֻҶҿ֮ռ˽ȴ״Է顣ѱǽɹİɣ
ƳһҲͷû뵽ҶϢͨҽҽкüɹҲ֮ǰɹġ֪ľѵйأ
ǣľĳţɣȴҲбٹȺڵΪ֮ʱȴҲһ򣬵õʯҲϧǶûܳɹۼԪ룬ȴٳٲܿһͷҲǽ֡ýһ徹ȻɹʶһϣܹõҰɹǳɹľĳԵΪģ̷ңΣ˵ţһ˫ƵĿƳ
⣡ƳԳû̴Ӧ֮ɹȴһܣΪҼ֮һҲӦ뵽ʦļֵǳɹʦļֵҶҶй֮޲ҲɵĶˡ
һ״Ǽһѻǰľĳħ󣬽ҲƷһˣʵľĳ֮һ㣬һûвȫǲȫʿܴơ
ţд£ƳһȻ֪ʦҲһٹڵʦõֵܹʿ
ʵˣǽѲţɵľĳȫһһһǿӣǽƳҪȥһ㡣
һĵ˵ţƳɵ֡󷨼㲻ֵܵʿԸٹȺڸȴҲûˡһ룬ľ𡯵ļֵͷ˼֡
ãҲˣĳľԷ顣ڴ˸ҴӦľѣܹȰҶҹ˳ҽұ㽫ѷгɱ㹩Ϊ䡣Ƴھܲסһջ󣬴Ӧ
һһϲæְݵľĳлѣһ
ƳҲЦݵͷͷȴǰЦҪɹôףֻҪǷţʱ򲻹ԸⲻԸ⣬һΪתħɹҲħˣΪҽããá
һлͬʱһѾ̧֮ʱ¶ЦСүɹҲÿ㽪ҵĹֶֻǽ㽪ҰˡʱСү֮ʱ㲻Υ԰
һǸҲԽԽζһ֪˶ã˾ϯ
ڶգɽسǷһ뽪Ƴˡ
ľѣ˴һǰȥвףҳҲǡСֶǰȥɣƳǵǵʵ
һѵİ˰ֵѷģľĳȥһɹ׼칦ưɣ˵㳯Ҷҷȥ
ɽãХУһŮ֮ﲻǽХǷڡܡЩ˫ŮŤһԡХŭһ·ӸеϿХͺһľңľңɱ֮𣬲ܲʩչֶΣľһ򾡣㻹š˵꣬ǲͣ


һ Ҷҹ˳
ɽسϿգһһⲢŶǽƳһˡ̸Ц˭ΪǶһ㣬뵽֮ǰһ
ľѣҶǰôƳ˿Ҷҷ򣬿ʵ
ѷģҶܹгɣȻҲʶʱˣ֮ǰԸȴͷйǣȻԸͶңȻһͬǰȥʳǱʾģֻǽѿɲҪ˴ӦľĳŶ
ƳһЦˣľһ˹ͣˣֻҪһͬػʳǣĳΪһľҪֻǲ֪ľ˺εֶȰҶ£ĳʮֺ氡
ľĳֶ˵˵һصЦЦ
ԭ֮ǰһȥҶһˡ߽֮ƳҶҴӦ˳ҽձǰͶˡŵҶǰ
㿴ǲҶҵô˼ʱ䣬һָԶ
ƳڱĿ˳һķȥȻӰ˹Ϊһ̬ƽ͵ߣҶ棬Ҷ˼Զ򸾣Ҷ˼ϣҶ˼ڶٹӵܶں档
ȻˣҶѣĳһƳ𣬽ʧԶӭ£°ƳҶ˼ԶһгɣҶƽƽҲƣֻǻһѡ
Ҷɫ̩Ȼ˵ͷѣҶǰͶѲǰӣֻҪԴҶ£ҶԵһĹ˳
Ƴƽͷ΢΢֣ҪҳʲôȴҲղסöԷڱ̸˳ͷʮֻϲЦҶ˵ǣҽʿͶͬƴ˳˵ֻǽֶҶŮϲ£֦ͬò
ҶԵ˵ͷбϷһͬǰȥʳǣ֪ɷ񣿡
ƳЦҶҶ棬һ˴Ҷ޲ɣֻǲ֮ǽ죬㽫ŻŮĻ°һգ˫ϲΣ
ҶȻ״ͷԭˣǵҲá˼ԶɺǶ˴ѣѡЩ֣һͬǰȥʳǡ
Ҷ˼ԶɺһۣȻЩԸȴΥһǱ㳯·ȥѰҶȥˡ
ƳŽһķ´룬Ҷͷӻʶʱ񣬼ҶвȴҲˡֻҪǿ֮£м򸾣飬ҶҲӲҽҵˡ
뵽˴ƳæЦȻˣλͬȥϢƬ̣һϸ˰ɣ
ƳͷҶҶȻҲ飬һﳯ÷ȥһȺɽһ㣬س˾ѡҶϷɹһʱһ˫ƵͻȻһ˿âһɬĵ˵ͷ촽һֻҶϣģ
Ҷҹ˳ȻٲһϯƳҶȡλһ㿪ʼ¡ҶԹǨΪɣʾҶҼǰȥʳңƳڴµҲҪֻҪҶϳפοһְȴʮֿɣضȫȨҶҴ
ÿãҶ˼Զ򸾽ҶѴҶϰʮԸȴɱҶ˼Զ
ǺǣҶŮȻʣССͱƯѹֶһҪȢؼȥ˷ȻƳǺһЦ˵Ÿ׵ĽХ
Хպһףһڲɱ⣬ͷǲסֹԳҲֻһӻңľҵĻξȰ˵Ҷͷѵ˲ɣô
ʱҶѽýƳһ֪Լϳʱ´£ҶϺͽƳһݣתͷҶѵùɫ㣬ټ˶ĳӭȢȴһ¡Ҷ棬Ҷ壬Ƿģһѵġ
ã˵úãС
ڴʱҶ̲ס˳еСŲҪ޸
죡Ҷüһֻӳһ׹⣬㽫Ҷѵססһ⶯
ƳǲΪ⣬ЦСӴ֣ó֮ͺˣ
ССĲ֮ڽƳ֮£ϯԲҲҶι˳֮ȫãȷ֮ҶϣһҶӵŽƳǰȥʳǡȻͬǰȥĻһ
֮ʮɽذֱӳ̩ʳǷȥ


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һˣҶ֮⣬˶Ǳٹʿܹ֮һ·ձԶԶɼһǰɽССسǣǽǽ߶ȲֹԱΪԶԶȥʮɽسǴС
Ƴ¶һЦԵһܵľ뿴Ǿ̩Ķǣ̩ǣǰ潨УѾߴˣ
һ˵̩ʿ֮ʱû֮ȴûлᣬʶ˴λǵһμ̩ǡʱȻԳĽı飬ͷȴȻһƬΪ˵ĳڡ
Ƴæк˵ҶҸλͬҲ̩ǣù֮󣬿ͬһ䣬̩֮ȴҲвٿɿ֮ХôСȥ䣬סаʧ֮ҷź򡣡
ХһȻԸ˼˹飬ҲոҶ빦ȴ䵽ǿɺ޵ġľͷϣͷҲ˵ϲǱͷǧټһҪľҡýƳ⻰æӦˡ
ʵýƳ˵Ҳǰһ췹˴Ҷҹ鸽ΪΪΣֲãв̤׵Ūˣ˴ξûһĹˡ
Ҷѣ֮仹ǧԸ⣬ҶʩѹѾ졣Ҳ֪ΪΣվҶ˼ԶķɽϣԸҲɫƺ˳һ㡣
ʱϬĽӳзɳΪһǰ׷ԲԵߣֻһΪ࣬Գϵ׳ģҶѵĶԱȡ˶ˣߺͽƳ𳤵м
⽣Ͽó˾Ȼ֣˵ǽʿˡͬʱʿҶ˵ѹʱ
ҶͷڿϹ鸽ҽңѵðΪǽҴʱ棬ҶҲǶĽֻǽãˬȴ졣
ҶƤһ˵ͷԭǽѣҶǰͶѲǰӲźá
ȻȻҿǶڣʱܹ֦ͬȻá
ǽ棬ȻͬΪλԱҪһһܣʿнֺͽԽҶҲڽԼӵܽһڽҶѵʱǵǽЦƺã֣ضԽХһɼӡһ̸֮УһҲ֪ҶҶࡣ
Ƴһܸʱ⽪˫Ѫâһһһɲʶ޵ԼɨɨȥվûɨʲôǽһЦľѵ֮ϷƳ˵ˣҽȱʦʦ֮λϯԴ
ѹˣľĳֶδֱɣܹѷҲԵֻ֣Ҫľĳһ߾ȫһҲŹֱĵĻᡣ
ľʶʱҲĵ˵ͷ˵˴Ҳ˵ĵطλȥʳǣһа׵Σ
Ҷϵͷ֮˱ŽλֵĴ죬һ·̩֮С̩ľȻһǳأΰ̩֣֮˵ǽڵĻʳˡ
˽ʳ֮Уûһɧңһж˽Ҷ쵽߸Կͷ֮УһȥûͬסúԶ뽪סڶ׵ķС
֮ⷬ󣬽ұ⡮ľһûǰʲôһصڷУ˿ܣֲûκ̽ķڣ΢΢һЦ˴󷨶ûУľĳͲԼˣ
˵ͬʱ̧һӣһգһһΪµ󷨣һССıһ㡣
ʱһоһ˿ʶԼǰƮǲС˺ü󷨣׷㽫ǵʶˡ
Ȼ˶ĵ֮λز⼸󷨿ѧʦѧϺ󷨣һЩӦ㹻ˡ
һ֮ʱһɧǵ˽ľūɷǡǲʣūҰ١
ôˣѵǽҵ̽ˣ
һɻĴáӴһһ׻峯Լ˹һ̣һҪƿ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͷһ̨֮оط棬ʶͨķһһҵͷһԺ֮С
Ȼ
ת˲֮䣬һѾ˶ԲߣǱͱŪŤֳһ˿Цݣ˳Ʊֽǰ׻뻳УٺһЦӣʲô


 Ա֮
ʳһ֮У潪˫Ŀ΢ոϣཪƳ𣬽֣ԽԼһɫ۵¡
ǽ˿ƳľȻЩŵֲõ󷨾Ȼܹסҵʶ֮ЩèܹġܹҽңҲһˡЩأ̽һǡ
ƳԵ˵ͷ˵ǣ֮ʱұ׼ֻ̽ǵʱҶڲ࣬ǳʲô⣬ҲöԸصʳǣһжҽҰ֮УȻҪ̽һѾ˷ǰȥŮǷɧʮֻ飬Ӧ̽ʵ
һ±㽻㴦ˣҶϺ꣬һԳ棬ֻҪȷҶĹ鸽Ǿ޷Ǽ鸽ߺߣȥá
ԽԵͷǡ
ȴ˵ӽ˽Ƴǰ̽һǷ֮ȴҲֻϲӢӡһġľ𡯲ª˥ϣʵʵڷá£òͷͷΪԸҲòӡ
ΨһİοԽᣬʩչ½ѧġŮħúѹեľ𡯵ľŻӽնѹեġ
ΪԼķˣֻҪ˶ԵֵҲˣŮʲôģֱ˸ͷ÷һţȥϱ͹˲ǽôװ׷ͳ
Ȼһ룬ǡľֵܹĽ뻳УһεӡֻһԴݣǵ˼ɵóǸαӿǿˣʱǵýĹ趼ѹե
Ȼ뷨ȴǾþµ֣ûԳ֮ɫһ˫ֱ۳ƴһļͷߴӵһЦūҲ˵ôҪľǷһаã㣬ūÿ԰æ˵ţһ˫ֻòһĶ˶֮Ա
Ŷԭľĳģ˵ˣ󷨽ˣľĳ鿴鿴һһɫڻһ˫־Ȼʵڷ㲥
ֻһɫΪԼҪ֣ȴ뵽һȵľѨλڡʱѨλɲǼһ泩ޱȵĸоӿȫζ֮ǰһӻöˬ졣ñͲֵҵ˽
һٺһЦ㻹˵òᣬɣ˵ţҲԸⲻԸ⣬һֱ̧㱧ڻУֱӽȥˣǷҲڸ֨һ
ڴʱһӰԺǽ䵽ڽ֮пĿֻһڣǣȻ죬ͽľ˸յȹ£û뵽ȻϷģǻҲҪȥˡˣڻǻᣬҽ˵˵䣬Ӱһٴʧ
ȴ˵֮УһüͷһӰʧķ˿̶תͷһ̲ϵİ⣬ٺһЦӣ㵽˵Ҫľĳְ㿴
Ȼˬôһǣ־ȴǵԼɫղ̽ϢһһͬʱȴҲľ֮ġ⻰ʩչԼֶΣȴ뵽һһʸͲش𣬿ʼʩչֶ
ֻһ̧һƣ㽫ӵϣһûعһְֻüܶҪг˵ʲôʱһһֻôӷһ̴ֱָܳûӵĶ
һǰҪʮĸоӿϷͷǼ˵Ļȴǰ׻ŲͣǴһ㣬ȴûдʹࡣ
һȴ׼֣ͣϵĽһѨ֮УһһĿгͷԣǽû
û뵽⡶𽵹Ȼڽó
ԭһϵֶȴǵ鹫ӺƷƴħص䡶𽵹ƷҲҪһŮϵ۷֮ʱȡ˫ˡûһܴϻţӶй¶һص䡣ȴһԸħˣԱ֮ʩ
𽵹ǺƷƺò׵ħص䣬ʲôŮħܹ⣬ȻֻʩչһЩǰϷֶΣȴҲŪ˫룬Ǵʧ
һҲ˵ǳɾ͸лǱŤڷӵջ󣬶˵ȴ㲻ʲô˺üѨλʩչ𽵹ֶΣֻ÷ѩ׵ļϷɫŵ˵ͷˣ


 
һֶͣΣüͷһ壬ɫһݣָüģһֱӹӶţͬʱͺһžʶͨ
ϣӵ˽ʱͣһ˫Ҳֱ㶵ĿݶǷƤҲȥѪɫָ˰𪣬ֻ΢΢ţھʲôޱȵʹ࣬ȴá
ʶͨǾʶ֮ͨнڰҮʶͨͰĦʶ©ͨͨһҲûвͨѰʱʩչܹԼΪͷ롣ʱȴǲͬڡ𽵹£ѾֻǱܺﻹֵܵһȫʩչͨܡ
ͨʩչһڷӵյһЦԭˣȻûв´ΪһŮ˾ܹ̽ҵʵ
Ȼ֪£ڴϼ˯ѵķӣһȴüͷȻҪ֪̽ҵʵҶȻʹ˰֣Ӿ㲻׵Ļȥ˵ûҪǰʱ䲻˵ǶЩ鷳õͨӽϢȥβôŮҪʵȥ
ڴʱһһһֵͨӦòԶȡ˼룬ӦÿдһЩģ
뵽ôһԣһ˲ֶǳɹںܶطôٴתͷϵķӣǹһЦһŷӡֱӰڷ¶ͷ
ڶ峿һУǴ¶ķӡһ˵ǡľȴӰԼ˽Ƴǰ̽顮ľ𡯵ʵαģֻʮԺϸһ룬һͷ͵ĸоЩ΢ƬΣ̸½
ϴ⣬ŷ߷ߵ˵ΪԽ¯һû뵽ɱľȻұˣҲ֪ʲôֶΣڳģ˵ɹ
˵һתʲôεķϴһ˿ĵЦ⣬ǸˣҲþûˬˡǳٿô֣ҹϸҲδɡޡޡޡѵ˼ˣ¯ȻţԼɡˣȥظ
ڷӴǽǽԼΪҵϣ͵ųŵʱǷŸ֨һŶ벻һ˭ˡ
ףˣ
Խһ̧ͷϸǰĿȴԴЦݵӿ˿֪ģǰƺô֣˼ҲȴǻԸ֣ԦȻӡľõѵõĳ죬ȴҲ֪Լøʲô
ӹɬĵͷšһһ򸣣约ߵСһĵһūЩʣȸˣŶŶ
һȤĿһĻ֣һӫӫ𣬷֮ڱ任ʲôϸȥȴһķڲϵĸƣϵر仯ԽԽֻ仯ƺԶûоͷ
һһһҹʱ䣬ͨһ䡯ͨνĴģǽ봫ͷ֮У˵ͷͨ
ͨողһһʮаҲʮǿͨ룬һܹڲɫ֮ͷ滻ı˶Էͷ뷨Ǳ߽ԼĵöԷң˻Լū͡νսʤЧ
ȻҲֻһĲ룬ͨĳ̶Ȼ̫ͣѰ²ǶͨʹãЩ΢ıЩ뷨ͷˡǷӣڡ𽵹ֶͱǣһȫȫ֮£ֲиʹʮΣҲԳɹɹĽһԸд˷һҹļ䣬֪ԼһЩʵ
ײȻһͨͨ٣ֻһܹͨͨͨ޷𹦷һ㻹ЩذҲ֪ʱЩʲô仯һһһ߲ͨһߵȴԼһҹ๤Ľ
ֻһգûаӰ죬һҲЩסˡԼȥġʵԼԼݡľ𡯵ӣҲ׼ٵȴֱѰ˽Ƴס֮ء
ǽƳ֪һŭȴԾЦӭ˷ûһڣЦľѴΪǼ飿
һһ㶣ͷԴ߷ߵΪ˴¶ľĳǰ֮ǰԼҶȰҲ˰ƱҪĻᣬΪʲôһ˻ʳǱ㲻أѵľĳ˲ֵô
Ƴҡͷľ˵ﻰĳʮ֪ҿɲǽĳο֮£漰ܣǵʾͷɰ


 ħʹ
ͷһü̶ŵһ⽪Ҳǽѵȼѵʲôܹﵽҵͷô
ƳһԼȴҲûзŭһ˿ĵ˵ͷľ˵Ĳ⽪ȷʵҵȼľΪҽܹͻȻӺЩʿżȻΪ֮ҽʵô
һüͷһ뵽ʲô΢΢Ծѵ˼ǽҴ˴ʵԼɹȻǽұԭ򣿡
ƳǺһЦľѣǴˣҼȻϷҽ֦ͬҲһˡҽĳҲƭ㡣֪ѿţ֮ǰҽƳҲһ㣬ֻǱٹȺڵΪҲζԽɹֻµµĵȴԪľڽңҲЩȨƣȴԶԶȲ񡣡
ǡѵǡ
±Ƿ˵ġͷˡ˵ţƳĿһڵʲôһ㡣
˵һһҲ֪ԼȻͨ˽ҵ̽ʱƳȵıԼģֻ뽪ҵȦӡͷһԼоһʮֹؼͷһתɫһ࣬վڱ㷢һԣ֮ȴֻҪԼľܹҵֶͻӴ̷ңΪҿơ
ƳһɸɴķԣҲ¶ϲ֮ɫͷʾ⡣Ȼı㣬ҲһЩ©εȵȡȴҲԼĴ㣬ͷЦгɣȻеԼɣľ͸Ӳҽҵġɹ񣬶˲֮·עҪҽǴ֣Ϊҽá
˵˵˸ƣ˵ǽƳٲӣ´Ž˳
ȴҪǰ˵𣬵ʱ֪һԳħʹߵңڿҪｪִһȴҪҽȻϹԹԾͷǽԳħʹ߶һռ˺ͣĽȴԽҵĲҰܶա
ħ˴ǿߣҼȻ˵ҲֱͶħʹ¡ҹ鸽֮ħʹȴǰ˵ҪҳΪһͳʯҩ˵ͳϺõĹǣȻҪһڱٹȺڵͻ
Ҫ֪ұʮ˿ؿϡЩ˶ǶγȴŰܣռϣġЩ˶Ǳʤ޵̬û뵽Ȼ漣Ϊʿ˵ʮ֮вųˣȴ˽ҵʵ
̶ǹѩһ㣬λܣɲɢޣǿʵ󹥴ܱԼʵ̶꣬ʵͬѩһǿ屶̩࣬ҲһΪҶôһڣڽںֻΪҶôһʿųٳûжְˡ
ǰã˾ŻֶոҶҡûӦȴһȳ֣˵Ҷҹ˳ڵ顣
һУһϻȻͷȴʲôħʹ߾ǽĹؼڣʱҲǡãΪΥ㹻βԼһǷֲܣĺôҲеˡڴΪʵûн𵤣ħΪϾΪǳ棬ôֻƷų㹻ѹн֮ˡ˵Ҳų²ս֪ӹȥűһЩԪӤڻĺڣǼǲܵ顣Ͼִܻ֮ȵ֮οϷֲˣұ͵ǽСĶԴֻϸ֮ôӽƳ˽һǡ
һβ𻰣ƳҲֻڳԾ֮УҲߴ٣һתѹЦ֪ľΪΣ
һһ˿ͷã̫ˣλħʹ֣߳ҲĿˣѣ֣
Ƴ˵ͷԳһ˿Ϊ֮ɫľѷģ½ĳȻϺг˰ƱȻġֻǡ
ֻʲôһæʵ
Ƴҡͷ̾Ҳ֪ĻʮѵãǵҪҽһЩӵҲҪȻľ˴󹦣ҽӵҲҪѵģֻǳҽңбˡ
ʲôˣ
ƳһΪβűĳҶң
һԣ˼һתЦȻǵ֮ң֮ҶҶ˱ˣ뵽˼䣬һŭĿ״˼ǣҶһҪô


 
֮ںƽ⣬ʧ⡣䣬ҼޣΪ֮áһǿһ֮ƽ⣬룬˫֮䣬˲Ȩ
Ϊĵ֮ңȻƳΪвûϴλãͬϴ˵ոҶһıҶС֮һǡʱСľôһʦ֣ȻȻΪƽƺЩǣȻҪƻ֮źá
Ƴ⡮ľ𡯼ŭڣȻæȰοͷȴǰϲѡ
ľϢŭ˵ҲǹӦõȳŶԡҲ֪ҶҴ̽ϢȻǴ󲮣Ҫȥһ
ߣҶѵͲ֪ľĳҲڵô
֪Ȼ֪ҵȻ֪Ҷңȴûᣬ˭óأҶҿһϼһڣ֣ͬӣĨùȥ
һȴǳɫڼɵʲôǽƳȻҪˣȻѻϢҡͷ̾Ͻ͵ʵҶҲ̫ˣҶȫľȰ˵֮ˣͱҽˣﻹĻأοΣֻҪľѴ˴ɹλֶβ֪Ҫǿ٣λҶҡֻǿϧϧ
ûȽƳ˵꣬ážһ죬ȴһһǰӡ͵һűռϸһıԣľĳ˳ְҶңû뵽Ȼ𱨣ҶϼһΣѵľҪһӱѹƣߣ˴βҶҷֳĲݣ
Ƴŭյ֪ԼʱæǰѿǾҪҶô
һصص˵ͷնһҪ
ƳһΪԥǾһáľѣʵǰǷӱ̽ѵġ̽ĽǵͬˣʶҽʿͬͨõѻĻᡣҶҴҪȡҵȴҶͷӣҲòӦ֪ҽҶľ㣬ϣôһᡣ
һⷬҲɵͷһ㶣ת˺ö˼˼ͷ̾Ȼ˻ҵ̽޴ȴⱩ¶Լ˼ڳԾͬʱΪԼѾȫĸһ̬Ҫ֧ң֮£Ҿĸ֮ȷɡҲһͲں֮£ǡľ𡯿Ҳֲ巽ֱ֮аɣ
鿴壬ϷȴǻҪȥ̧ͷƳһ֮ɫȻϲæֵлʵ֪
Ƴ뵽һͷô˼벻һͲںʲôᡣֻԼֶõͷĳ˵ȻҽҶҲøֱ棬Ǿ㽻ľѣҶҲвʡ
ǣָΣ
Ƴһһ˿ţһЦľѲصģ˵ðҲð죬˵ѰҲѰ죬ҽ׼ŵľҼһ棬̽һ֮鶯֮Ȱ˵Ҷʱľѻôһͺ
⣡ҶҿϷô
ľѷģ㲻֣ҽҲаţʱľ˳˳ˣ
ŷ·תĻһһӣ˵ͷʱƳǹһ˿Цһ˿ЦȥһЦϯҪһһ
һ֮󣬻ʳһ֮ϣĲƼȡϣ˽λʿͬһǽˣҶλҶһֶ£ҶҶӵʮλ˵ҶѹԹԵҲС
˵룬ǺһЦմΪҶλԼľͶҽңһӷϴԤףҽҶҹ˱
˽ϣȻħ֣Ҳǵҵ棬̸ȶд֮硣һ´ʱƵƵٱҶΪ鸽ͷʹ죬Ҳû˲ӡĲ˵֣ӻҪΡ
ʱģнҸֵҪҶӵơҶӵҲòӦֻԷǵȴˣһｻϯҲʮ֣ڴﵽ֮߳ʱϯλ֮վһǾŻӽХ
棬ֶΪҶŮٴһͷΪƸ񣬻Ӧʡ
ǺһЦͷã˵
Хۿ˿ǰġľ𡯣Цֶ潫εҶң


 
⻰ΪĳʱڵҲü
ޣХ˵ʲôûһ㣬ٴʵ
Х˵ͷֵֶ潫ĻҶңΪѵĶԼƸ񡣡
ŶȻĵ˵ͷ֪Х뵽ôΪƸ񣿡
Хתͷ˿ҶҷҶѣһӣ棬ҽһҶң֮ˣʲôǮȨʵ㲻ԼΪ˴Ѷף֦ͬĿˣʲôȵϷ֮ǡأ
⻰˼ĵ˵ͷХ˵ĵҲǣ֪ο
ýѯʣʿƳ𣬽֣Խ໥սƳ𿪿ڵһҵȾ顣
ĵ˵ͷҶ棬ȤҶͷ㿴ҼֶôûϱȢűΪҶֺôˣǱ
ҶƤ̧˿Хͬĵ˵ͷȴǲ
ЩҶӵ⻰ҲԳһ˿ϣɫǼΪģﵽٹȺڵӵܣǼ顣
ȻˣǾͽĻύ
ڴʱһĻϣӽһϯվһһġľ˭ˡ
Ȼ˵ϣȴûһյ˼ЦŶԭľ֪ľк
һ˹ֵľĳȴЩ뷨ǹ֮£ƳѱӦľĳһᣬΪγٳٲ𣬷֮Ҷң
ƳҲ˵ˣҵһͨҪľôһᣬԵʱ䣬´ʱΣ
ľĳֻĻᣬҲںľĳԼȣȴҶңʧʣк˱֮ӣֺͶ֮˵İ
⣡ϺҲɫ˵ͷľ˵Ҳǣһ׷ѾӦҶңȴЩð˰˵ſҶһߣҶͷ˵⡭
ʱХǺһЦ治ΪѣľȻȴʧƫġĻᲢľһΪͶҽҶͣСֶСƸȻľᲢ۵ġʶľȴ´λˡ
һɫѿ֣ƲƲǰĽƳǽƳҲû뵽ХҪڣԲȵҪľĿ䣬Ҳݵ¡
Хúǳ⣬üͷһ壬ȴҲ֪ԼݵλҲݲ÷˹ֲ˻λȥˡ
ҶҵȴҽҴӦľȣ˴λøľ´ҶΣ
ôԣҶڣ𻰣Ҷ˼ԶסˣǰԲӣҶҲͶңСŮ䣬оŻᣬνбľǵӦŵͬ뽪ǰ˼ĺ
⣡ٴԳΪ֮ɫüͷȴ˵Ȼ
ãøбҶ˼ԶҲҪҧĽ֣ľͷµ֮Ĵҿ䣬ݿҲŮĲɣ
㣡Ҷ˼ԶǱ˵ʹһǵͨ죬ָšľȴ˵
һǵˣһľĳȰҶңﻹнաȥҪԡ
߾
ڴʱһȴȴҶһӵİŭָһĶҶҳ棬ССͱ֪ٻأξҸҶңҶ˼֪Ҷҵ˵֮룬ֳ̧һץȥ
һԲ£ЦŵһãһҲ룬ңңҶ˼ϵҶ˼ҲǱٹȺڵΪ˴Ҷǵõˣãľĳһѵ֪ѶˣҲռ˺úһλᣬȴҲɣۡ˵֮䣬һУֱָҶ˼ϡ
ɱɱʲôӣס֣뷢ţǷŭȴֻŭ𣬲˿ּ
ʱҶѵÿڵǴȥɣ˼ϴҶңǰˣ㽫˴Ļľѱǣʤˣ˼Ͻܴ˴λᣡ
û˼⻰ǹһЦ⵹Ǹ⡣Ƽȵǰȱ˵Ķ輼ʲô̫ףǶ˱ȶһԣͬʱĹҲã֪кô
˸ոս֣⻰ԶԳʮֵš
ľĳû飡
Ҳͬ⣡
˵ͷãʹ˶ˣ˱ȶһʤߵõᣬмǣҪù˺


߰ 󶷷
һǶ˴£޸ĿܡνĲҪ˺ֻǿջˣһҶ˼϶֮ȴûһԼ
ڴ֮Խ֣ȭغϣȻֳֻ֣ȴǶǿȲ£СҲƾС
Ҷ˼Ȼ׳ȴҲǺ֪ȻСȴֻӺȾƶԣ߶ʹô󿪴ֶε˵ȴСЩţ߶ҲСֶȴǺʩչ
˼غϣҶ˼ѰһһյӲȭͷǳһǣŸ˸˺ɵĿ϶ȵ˼̫СҵȥΣ
һԣٺЦкβɣ
ãе͸Ҷ˼һȣ̧һףһ⽫Юű㳯ȥһȻҲʾһҲȥ
ʱǽһЦҵ߶ȷʵþССĵãϷҲС¶һ֣촰򿪣ôҺһɣ˵䣬һǿƴϷųͬʱһѪɫ͸ûһ֦ϣϢûѪɫ֦㻯һųһ㽫Ǵݶס
𣡡
һ̧һţôһ֨죬̶΢΢Ĳ˱һԶȥʱǿ촰һ㣬Ӱӿ֮˽ÿԼð֮һͬҶ˼϶
һֹ򣬱˵ЩңҶңͬЩıٹʿҶʿҲ΢΢ݣͷ̾ЩΪн
ǺһЦһѾƣ赭д˵ǰЩʱи֮½ڰˣ
⻰Ҷ˵û̫дҶɫ΢΢һ˹ֵϲѵдҶĳ
Ҷģ¶һЦݣָָյǿǶ˶ΰɣ
ԣһȴΪʲô׷̧ͷȥð֮У⽣ӰϣȻѾһʱˡ
ȴ˵Ҷ˼һڰնһȻǲʤ·춯ȥż·촰֮谭Է
һǱݼһƵЦҶ˼ϣ㲻ҵĶ֣ĵĺãľĳ֣ǰ棬պ󲻺
Ҷ˼֪ǵԼֻһȵľҶȻ֪ľպ󻹸ҶľҲâ
Ҷ˼ϳһӣһɫâӳ֮ѳͬһƬɫһԶһ˹
ǰ΢֣һ͸Ҷ˼ϵʵɢ֮еıٹȺǿһ֣ȴԼϴϽõ˵ȼ˶Ȳϣ˵ٹȺڵԼ
ʵʵ֮еĶ֣ȻҶ˼Ͽ˵ʩչֶΣǽΪѹڱٹڣܽҶ˼նڽ¡˴ԵֻǾѾȫͬˡ
ʵȴǲһױ¶ԼʵʵҶԼãȻܾնɱ˶Էӵܡȡʤȴͳˡ
âնɱһ㲻ܣһֳֽ轣ֵâһڿвϵĵ㻭
ͨ棬죡
ǽâͻƽ赲嵽һǰʱһƾն𣬶Ӷʮ׷ȼ𣬶󵱿һȻһĳߣ͵һһ㳯Щâ˹ȥ
зԣ󷨣
Ҷ˼󷨶ֶΣ΢΢һ֮ɣӶ󵶷ųâҪԽɱųٵâǰһ𻨱ڻһɽɢ
ǻȴǵԽԽӴ󣬴ɳ̻ɳ̣͵һһ㽫ЩâУ˲ڻɢ
ȹҶ˼Ͼôܣ
һٺЦªţ֮Ȼղݲһսû㹻ʱ䲼øǿ󷨣һȴҲ㹻Ըˡ˽𣬼󷨰ܴ֮ȻԽսԽ¡ǲˣ£ԽԽǿˣȴǴϲÿ
Ҷ˼ԳԾѣһ䣬ȴŭգȵʣҪսսҶû֮ΰֻҪⲼ֮˴ܣȻǲơɣ絶쵶âɱ


߾ ͼԽ
Ҷ˼Ϸһڳ֮ϣһӣǽɫȻâ׷ﲼһƬգɰΧ֮ƽһͬǻ󶼰С
ٺ٣ܲܶ󷨺˰ɣҶ˼Զһ㴭ŴһߵЦȻѾ񣬶ֶʩչҲǲСĸˡ
쵶âһԵͷһеȻɱȲϵٹڵԼȴҲѷɫһСɵͨˡʲô̶ȵʵһ©ٳ޵һĵâ˵κ谭ҳϰ·߿Դȥ
Ȼʱȴʩչֶεʱ򣬼Ȼѡ֮Բ;ϣ쵶âϺòšһ˿أŭһ𣬱ǻ·ɴܣΪ赲һâ
⵶âʮܼƵҲĸߣǻٴҲȫסʣĴԳһɱ˹ȥŪæҡ
ԼռϷ磬Ҷ˼ϴϢڣԴЦȻʦͺȥ󷨣ȻҶҿ澡ɥӦŶԣ
쵶âס⼸ԭļһŭӡ۴вͣӣңҶ֪ʦ
ʦҿҶ˼ϻ䣬ȴǱ˻ȥΪһһֵŵâһƾյ㻭ڲʲôⷬλ֪һڲ󷨣ʱһ󷨱þȫﻹݵһٲһ
˵߶ٶһͲ󷨵ֶΣ̸ʦʦʦ֮ȴô򵥣г˵ˮ׼С
һ£ﶼн֮еȺǰ㣬רŵĴУ˸Уܹߡʦʦʦϡ٣ѰɢһӶһܼһʦ
ΪɼӵܣҶ˼ҲûмʦĴڣʦʶһʩչ󷨶Ҳ֪ζԸֻܹ޳ɱٹڣҶ˼ȻǴˣһ죬ڶȻһ۱㿴һڲ󷨣ڳԾͬʱȴҲһЩʦľ̸֮
ʦȻ󷨣ǻʱ仹ǻѾʩչʮٱõİ취Ǵдϣ䲼ó˱ͬʦһ˫ȭͷʱʦֻǰɳѡ
Ҷ˼˶ԲߣʱĴ˳̶ȵĵâԷһҲĽ֮Уȴͷһҧҧ𷨾
Ҷ˼̧һУɫУдһ֮һһŨ˳䵽֮У˲Ϣ֮仯һɢ쵶â֮С˲Ϣ֮䣬ǱʮܼĵâŨһֹ
ڲ󷨵һȴǸ߽һãͣ󷨣ֳ뾫ǻתתˣжһĵâɱǰֻܻ賤ų֮䣬ǿά
ľ㻹ɣٲ䣬ݹҲҶ˼Զͷܳȴʮֵ⡣
û뵽㾹ȻϧķԪҲҪҶãܺãվʶʶʦΪĻᣬҲûʲô᲻ˡҵˮ󣡡
˵䣬һֱ̧һƤУչһ⻪ɢͬʱƤΪģ麮Ȼ֮ˮѩƮ˶ԾͬʱһµͻأĳڿС
ͼȻͼ
ϳʲôҶͽˡһ۶ֿ˴˿ԷгԾ֮⡣Ҷ࣬ȴǾϲӡļʶȻܹͼʦʦ֮жǵͼĴڡôһʦԼ壬ǲǼ񵽱ˡ
Ҷ˼ҲܿͿһƤĸ˲Ϣ֮乹ɵ󷨣Ҳĳ鶯ƴȫ˲Ƭ̵Ϸ磬û뵽㱻һͼתΣΪ
ѵҪ䣬ĻἫѵãҶҵϸݵС̤ˣͼҲ֮ǰһ˵Ǳ֮ãھĻᣬԣƴˣ
뵽˴Ҷ˼ȴһĨһУ̧֮㽫һ֮УʱһϬޱȵĽ֮дڳ˶ԾһɽͬʱҶһ΢΢һ̧ͷϿա
ΪʹһҶ˼ϣеĸ֮ܵؽֻƾһǰ󷨡


İ ֱ
˵ľԼҶ˼ϵĻϲһһĽȴǿЦȴ¶Գ֮ɫһˮ󡯳ſ
һһŪ֮£ΧâڻˮڲһƬƬѩɱ飬շ󡯵ĵâ䣬˵һֺ
ͭǽڣһȵվУһ˫۾Ҷ˼ǰǵʮвһ㡣
ߣͼҲֶθߣҵֶǿ
Ҷ˼Ͻһжһ֮ϣͷҲ̫࣬־ͽһ˹ȥֻҪýƿ󷨣±Ȼáľˣʱ֮Ը֮ˣٲʤԼûбҪȥˡ
⽣Ȼͬһֱֱֱ֮ĳһ˹ȥ֮쵶âƽռ߳Ѳһ㣬׷áգۼ䣬ֱֱնڻûĻ֮ϡ
ǻԲ飬ûԣȫǻۣһưˡȻնȴûһ˿ʹУֻ˦βҪֵ֮ǽն
һȴǷޱȣܻԵֱֱǻ֮УһƬӻϹɢ
׿սҶ˼϶ʱİٱǽǵӦ֣תɳ̵ĻԾȻήɣɣȻɴС֮ʱС֡
ã̫ˣ㻹󷨲񣡡
Ҷ˼Ͽϲ֮дЦѣһһʹ˽ͷնȥȻҪȫһۣһԽƿ
һáţûҪƣҽУͷҧгһ¶ģ̧һűǶͼġˮ͵ʹ
󡯺͡ˮ󡯣һһˮˮݣһ󡯵ĻЩ©ĵâˮ֮ú͵һ㽫â߽⿪
ˣ֮ȴҲһ룬˲ల¡񣬡ˮѸʹ롮֮ľ˲
ˮ죬ϲ죡
һȻʩչſʾֶ󷨲Ϊһʱӣͻʱһûײģ֮侹Ȼںϡ
ڳ˱һѤĻ棺һһ󷨺϶Ϊһ¹ɵ֮Уɫ໥ڣ·һһ׷𣬺гѤ졣
Ҷ˼ֱ⡮졯ǲͨ󷨣Ҳ֪ˮ֮ںһǶôѣο󷨶ǿǰһԼʹĽİٱΪ¹ɵֵܹס
ƣ
Ҷ˼̧һָǽš졯ȥһεԸʤǰ
죬ˮ飡
šɶ񡯵ĽһŤϷ֮䣬á졯ѸСһöУ̧һǳɫĵҲ䡣
Ҷ˼Ϻһ룬һǳ͵ײһһȻıը֮ɢնĶ˴ö᲻˵ǵҲƹһ㣬Сһľܲס׷۶ϣǷƬƬƬɡΨս˽ʩסŷƽ˾Ӱ졣
ΣǱը֮Ž֮УöɶţֻǱǰǱ˲١һǾȻһѪ˿ȻһѪ˿ֵûˡ
һը͡졯ͬھҶ˼ϼһȻԼһˣͷҲֵˡ
ľƣˣѵҶôҶ˼ϲЦ
һһǵѪɫһڣҲҶ˼ϣֻ̧һĨһŻ˵ƤС
Ҷ˼ϣҲٵ⣬ʲô
ʲôͼ㻹ͼҶ˼ϼһƤͷʱһţΪʲôһǰȻԸԼĽͬھˡ
һƸ¸һЦΪ˺֣ߣȻ㻹һǰľĳ˾ʹ䣬򣬽οɾӮˣ
⻰Ҷ˼ͷŭӣﻹеڶһűֻʧܣȴʮֲʡšľǼЦݣͷŭڣҪ˵ʤȴûֶˡ
Σսˣһȵ
ҡ
ľֶθҷ䣡ʱ·һϵҶҶ˭ˡ


İһ ֮
һڳ˶һҶ˼ϸǲĴ󺰵󲮡
˾ǰˣѵ붪ôҶһɨ֮ǰ̬͸֮ɫһģûһأҶʮ겻
Ҷ˼ϱжٲԸҲòݺݵĵһһۣͺһ𵶹ʹͷصԼϯλϣ̳
Σһ֪ԼսʤһЦƤҲ½Ҷҷ˹ִã
һһͱ仯ʱҶǳªޱȣһмĽŤٲΨûתȴҶѣҲ֪λСʲôһжʮֵķ
һҲΪ⣬ٺһЦֳĽϣ˴οľĳһʤˣ
ұⲻáľҶңû뵽ȴ⡮ľ𡯵ֶθǵ֮ϡһʱ֮䣬ﵽƽãڵһﻹвġ
ЦĽһ´һͷû뵽ľֶ˸ĳѾˣҲǫ顣ˣεɣ
һԳϲ֮ɫͷֳлųԼλȥǰĽƳǺһЦϲľѣϲľѣһгɣǾԾţ·ϴӴһƬ̹;
лѣϣѼ԰
ʱҶ䵭Ӷ洫˹ϲľѣϣľгɣͷٴǰԤףˡ
⻰Ȼףأڳ˶һ˿⣬ȻǶڡľ𡯶ҶӵܽĻᣬҶССĶһ˱ʾ˷ŭͲζ
һûһ㣬ǺһЦ˵ͷлҶѼԣľĳгɣһҶѺúдһ
һ⻰д衯ֹ˼֣˼ʮˣ˵ɹ֮󣬻㲻ɡ
ҶһٲƤһٴ۹۱Ǳǹģ˼ȥˡ
ϯܿ־ϯĽûпЦĻ˼ȥֻռ˳ϯСҶҳĬӦȵü֮󣬽Ƴ˸Բƴ˾˲ɢ˾ϯ
ϯһԻصУһ˵ģҹƻ裬һͷһǹһ˿Ц⣬ƿȴǷӷ˴Լվǰһ˫˿Լ
ŶˣľĳһһаЦ
Ӿûҹһٴűȴ֪أȻ΢΢һһ˫Ҫγˮ˴ǰԴһҡҡͷūҷǰǰȥ
˭˵һ¶һ˿
ūҷ˽Ƴľ֮£
Ŷˣٴ·á֣һʱ£һɨϹаЦݣæߴ١
Ӽ⡮ľٲɫԵĿԼͷ΢΢֪ҪԼܹΪŵ˵ͷǰ棬Ϊһ·
һǰһת˲֪߹̨ͤ¥Ȼų̶Ŀ죬ȴҲ㻨ʱһĵǰ
ӵһǱȥˣһɻʱ򣬵֮߳һǽƳ˭ˡֻǴʱǽƳɫ΢԰ףϵЦݱҪŨࡣ
ľˣյѴܣҶ֪Ѷˣұ緶ͼû뵽ľﵽˮ׼
һʱ׽ƳԵʣܹͼ¶Ϊˮ׼һڽУļֵһ
һ뵽ҲǺһЦͼһ鷳飬Ҳòţֻû뵽ձһšһͼȡĻᣬȴҲֵˡ
ľܹͨͺáһֶΣԸҶӵܶȻû⣬ֻû뵽գ֪ŪһãһţҶҼҲҪƵߣˡ
һ˼䣬˿Ƴĵã̲סѣ˵̸ô˴ȴʲôط
ƳһѯʣԳһ˿˿ǵãаְļ£ŵõĵط
˿ȴûһر֮ĵã̽һ˿ʶȴסһɵ¶ɵɫ


İ˶ ʹ
ȴǴ˴ûˣѵһƭ㲻ɣħʹߴأƳһвű͵
Ŷԭʹߴ棬Ǿûˣֻǡ
ֻʲôٽȥɣʹߴأǵˣҶԲ˶أƳƲԸ˵˵֮䲻ɵô֮⡣
ѣѵûʲôע֮£һЩѵҪ֮֮ôһȻͷҪλħʹߣҲװһݽ
֮ʹߴ˻㹻ĺôпܣȻġƳһ˵һĵĻһ㳯֮ȥ
˽֮Уһŷвͬ˿˿Уζʵζһȴüͷһ壬ζʶ
֮вˣһһ롣ǷŨ㶼Ǵ洫ġ
Ƴǰֵ°ݼʹߴˣʦľ
ŶôˣһӺû뵽λħʹ߾ȻŮˡ
ǣ֪ʹǼǲ
ȻˣȻҪһģūҿ˵λʦͬˣÿԼʶʶλֶͬΡ°ɣһˡ
ƳֳһǣҪȥٵſڣͷһ˼۾ϾȻ¶һ㶮áı
һһ䡮ͬˡͽƳıŪЩԺܹλصħʹߣĿҲǴﵽˣܹ̽Щʵ˴ܹˡ
˼֮ʱ֨һһֻһ֮ǷŨŨ֮һ˿Ķ
鹫ӺƷƵķһΣһͷһʱŨһϣԿЦѵһһӾҪӢĽӳôôСһطѵҪټŮħͷһô
ʱǷһ֮ϢʱɢæתΪϢ˿˿Ϣͬƹ֮һë˽ȥ
һáһȻȲ֪ĶԼڡͷһ̨֮תһ΢һ׷˲㻯һϸС׵磬֫ٺëףɫ֮㽫Ϣջ
ֶ˵򵥣Ѱǽ𵤸ҲʹáһΪ⽣ʹ׵֮壬򰾵Զͬ٭˵Ϥ׵֮Ҳõġ
֣ͬû뵽ū˷һʩŵͬ鵤Ȼû˿ãǼ˵ʵˣ
Ź˵һͬʱȴôƺ鹫ӺƷƣһͬǷһΣȴԶԶƷƵˮ׼
ȻܲǺƷƣһ˼ֻ˼֡ʱͬʲô˼ǲйˣһ߰ԿЦԼΪԻ󽪼ҶΪļ䣬һȴһ˿аЦݣʹߴ˹ˣСֻһˣȲֶξ
⻰ʹߴ˲ɵЦЦû֦Ҳͬʱһоһɱǰ죬ȴǿҵϢ˵Ȼħʹʹֶˡ
Ũ棬彿ЦٶһԳһ˿֮⡣಻ϣЦǹǣأ˫Ҳϸ¶һһЦи૵㣬㣡
Ǻǣ鵤ҲūҵֶΡ˵ţһЦЦƬ̲ͣħʹūҺ°
һǱᣬȴǵô֮£϶˵ʹߡˣСǰҡ
ŶԭҪūҰ㣬Ϊλ棬ʱʱأħʹߵ˼֣ں˶һ㡣
⻰һʱѪӿͷһǵͨ죬ͷƺãŲЩ鸡ĳȥ
ƹϣȴһٲĹһ԰ݳһ㣬һŷۺһӵС֮£һ˿£ڰڵŮţһųͷһ˿ûסԳַ
һ棬Ƿ֮Ϣһ˫֮ԵĹâûеõħʹȥˡ
㻹һôŮ֣ħʹߵ˵ħʹˡ
⻰һͬаһ㣬ͷ˹ȥһͬһ£ֻһ˫۾ȴû뿪Էѩ׵壬ߣͷʶʿˮһ㡣
ŮһЦ֦ҲޱȡЦ֮ǵûг֮ɫһ棬һӷūҰô


İ ݱ¶
һ⻰һ㶲Ŵĵ˵ͷǡǡ
ǡūұҪأŮ˵ţҲƵһһӭ˹ȥ
šһ磬һڵһʮΪѵѡ
ô״ŮӽѵūһȲССô
šҡҡҪ㣬Ҫ㡭һ˫Գ
ŮǵһȴһһָüģסŽЦ⻹࣡㻹ūң֮󻹲࣡
⻰һã֮ɫͯ׶֪Ǻõӡ
ŮһЦ̬˸һȰοҲʧūɹ֮ҪҲٰ
һ⻰һʱ˫ٴαŷ֮ɫ
̶̼仰㼸һ˼ͬһˣ֮䣬Ů¶һ˿
ųճմһЦūҾūҿҪĲپѪɵôӦūҴг֮󣬿ɲ˻Ŷ
һһ֮ɫͷáá
ŹԣϱûѵͣðɣūҾΪһΰɣŮһһģһת뵽ΰŪһƣЦˣС˵һַܸ˴֡˵С澼ʶǳûмֶΣ֡Ҳмʵ֪ɷݸū԰
áá
ǺǣãһֱūΪЩ˶֣λһҲūҳһ£ǹƽ˵ţչһ£һ֡
һҪһ㣬һˣŮǰһָŮһѨλ֮ϣͬʱС
ʱ䣬һ˿ĸоȫþҲЩһֶΣһŴ˳һ޵ãֶΣȻԲ顣
⻰һǵ˿佱תӶָһɹ룬̼ŮѪˬĸоԶԶϵĴ̼񾭡ŮĲܲˣͬĸʨһ˽г
˵𽵹ħ䣬зŷΪ͡淨νָȽӴķʽ̼ͨѨλתѪ߽ʹߴﵽ弫µĻ䡣淨˫ֶΣ̩֮ǲǲʩߴﵽĺô
ȴ˵һõ⡶𽵹䣬˵ħ֮𣬲ϰȴҲ˽һСǼ򵥣ֻҪתʹãǡ淨ȴǷһΪò򡣹ʶһ롮һ;Ҳžʹˡ
֮ǰΪ˶Ըӣһѧ˲һɣ㽫һþɳŮɱƬײǱᣬ˳ʩչֶΡ
գһһʩչֶΣԳħʹߵŮһȫ̱ɥʧȴһ
һ׼ʩֶνṲ̊ʵʱ򣬱ϵŮӾȻһ˴⾡¶ķһĿһȵ㵽ʲôˣô᱾
⻰˫룬ճմһ̧ͷ˲ָǵЦ֮ĿŮӵʹߴ˵ʲôС˲һɢްˣʲô
Ůβ֪Լƭˣһе㣬Ȼûɢ
Ǻǣɢѵ㶫ôһ˵֮䣬üͷ΢壬һ˿˿ɢƮУ̧һбһöۺɫ
һִëųҩֶΣôŮһɲָһַǱ㵽ʲôˣѵħŵˣսħŵˣ
һ⻰ʱԵɡöԸӵֶΣֱá𽵹ǣֶͨΣ֪ʲôѶϢɡû뵽Ҳ˷Ҳ˷ͷȻ˳
ͷ΢΢һӴ˻֮иҳһЩѶϢǡ𽵹⻰ᵽħţԾסһЩҡҡͷЦ𣬸ǷʵŶħţսħţħڵ˰ɣ
ŮӼԼûеõ𰸣ԷƲԼݣͷԾͬʱҲָܿ侲һ´һѲħӣһǼٰ粻ģǲ֪ζñ֪ѿɷʵ棿
һλôһףٺһЦľĳֻһɢްˣݲֵһˡ
һɲϿڣӺ߳жȻҸ֪ūʵݣռūôıˡ˵ţǰһη⣬ɫȻˢĺ


İ Ӣͷ
һ˸ȴǲӿڣϾǰһֶΣҲ˵һ˫ڶԷϣȴʵʵռ˲ٱ˵ġ
һٲ𻰣¶һŮšһüһߣﻹǰǷ̬֮ǻ˵ϧ֮½ԼֶһֻһȴβɲΪ
һãŮʩչ෬ֶΣŮİٸģӻһָʹͨͨʩչ෬̬ʯҲ⶯ġһһǰȴǿϷһ㣬ȤĿһȻңκηӦ
ڣħʹҲģһ˫۽һһţ̾˿ѵѵ㱣ܡҼҲūҵЩȤ㣬ūҽݣΪ⣬ūұԱΣ
öԷԱţһȻ²⣬ȴҲҪ֤ʵһ˵ͷ⵹ǿԣ˻ʹߴ˿ڰɣ
²⣬ūħڵӣٻԾڴˣسŵǡ
õȷϣһ˼һ˼һСС̩ȻΪħڵǰѵһ㣬˴йϵô
Ȼͷɻһȴ¶΢ЦֵԭǺѣʧʧȻʵ棬Ҳ˵֮䣬һһĨʱָ˱Ŀ
һԭ㳤ΪʣٶԱǰĿ֮£Եÿݷǳһ׿Ⱥʣúٻɵö࿴˼ۣ૵֪ô˶ūˡ
һֻû⻰΢΢һЦвգһ̩ӵܣ
̩ңٻ⻰ɵüڷļ䣬һνңһȦȴվûн뵽һ˵ֻǷ׵ңʱΪԼƭͷʱūʵ棬ȴڿѵʿΪô
һǺһЦԭҪ֪ĳźɣкѣֻҪѽ˴Եɸ֪£¾͸ߵѾˣ
㣡ٻһĻＤһŭܿͻָ̬Ťˣ̾ҲūҲܸ֪ѣֻħڹĴй¶˵þһѵô
һȻͷԭˣĳǲˣ֮¾ʹգǷֵ𣬾͵δΣ
⣡ٻüͷһأҡͷҲżҿǰʩչ˱ǵѿϴūңūҲǸðո֪ѵġ
ޣˣǵǲǰһֶΣĳֻʩչɣԷĳʮֶʩչȫˣҲᰡ
ٻȷʵħڲ٣ҲħΪӣʮֽܳǲܽӴ𽵹ħصġǰϳ𽵹ַȴֻ֮ܳɼһߡʶȻ֪һǶʿȴٳٲ֣Ҫƭ
һ仰ٻͷϲѣΪлһ£棬ȴԽɫԽѿһǵЦ֮ı飬һࡣ
һ⻰Ȼźеٻȴ֪ʲôʩչʮֶΣʲôᣬǺ˵ġȴ֪֣ʩչ˸ȫǱᣬľɥŪڹ֮䣬ﻹɡ
ΪﲻҶ㶯ôһԻٻҲһʯһᱻʱ׼ǿ
Ǻǣԭѻ׼֣ãĳ֮ǰܹһħڸָֻ̣ûж֣ÿԿħһģ
ãȻִԲ򣬾ݹֱ²顣ģҲɱ㣬ֻǽץǧֶٰδݲǣܻὫֶŪֵģ˵֮䣬ٻһӣ˷ķһͬһ㣬ϵӿ𣬽˷ý֮·Ȼһ˿϶ˡ
һҲţ֣һ׹зǴܶһƻУǻص̩֮һֱδ
ߣû뵽㻹ʹ׵֮ĸ֣ڵΪΪѱôӢͷףʵɣ
һʫʳڣǷһ֮з׷һ֦֦һƬ֮䣬һ׷Ʈ䣬۵׷ɡ˾ʮǣЩ۵䵽ϣѷɳһƮ˹
һƱˣվԭضҲδ㱻һһһѡ


İ Ҷ
ٻһſ󻹲ڱСξ͸ĵҲ
ڴʱһ֮дһ̾һĵҲĵ²֪˶ٿݹǣĳϲԸͬڰ
ʲôٻΪһһθԵȴ뵽ͻȻ˵һǼûע⡣
ĵҲգһҲգȻãĳ׼Ȼһ䡮ӢͷסĳҲӢٺչãһ仹첻
䣬һ绡һֻ֮һ죬һһ͵ըٴƮɢٴԳһʱһǴЦһӣ֮˿潦䣬ÿһ˿ƫУûһƬ֮ϡϸž֮У֮ƬƬ궼ĩһء
һһֽˮʵ죬ǡǡֶƮɢĻ꾡Իĩһأʫ
֪ѿɻ⣿һ΢΢һЦƺǰһһ㡣
ڳ£飬ѵҶŵӣһֶֹΣٻҲԳ֮ɫ
Ҷţһܿ״Ժ⡣
˵ҶŵĴʦҶһ壬ѧŽǻԨ纣ʱǵ壬Ҳ۽½и¼£ϧҶСû֮ʣʶᶼֻȻ
ڶֵ̽þˣҶ˺֮ԺȻ֮谭޳ҵλҶš
ΪʦүĹ¼ҶŵȻ˶ѧ˵Ҷȴī֮ʫʸ踳һͨһᡣк߳ơ´御Ҷһš
ȻҶһԲܽƾʫʸ踳ĴУ书ֶҲǶ£˳̩ɽ
ֻϲʶҶһŲǽޣ޶һնħ֮ʱҶŵʫʵϲãʶôһڵ˵Ҷŵӣǡڳ£飡
úٻᣬһȴҲûн͵˼ֻԵõ΢΢һЦںٻͷʵҶŵӵݡ
Ҷűڶ֮أа֮ңΪƫƫ˴Ѱһѵħ˲ɣ
Ǻǣ˵Цˣ˵Ҷڰ֮ңħںγңԶ֮أΪƫƫƧѵкͼıɣ
ߣħѵҪҶŻ㱨ɣȻͶҲͱֱﲻ档欣һһУն¾֮ˣ
һʫʳڣٻ͵һǣڸֵչ¶ɣ֮䣬ƬƬһӢ裬˴ȴǰֶΣÿһƪƮ䣬㻯һɫУһ˹ʫ֮һ㣬ÿһƬŮӳҪ߸˵Ѫ⡣
һǺһЦͷҲһ⣬ͷһ׺ɣĪ飬޾ڣ
䣬̧һ㣬׹ߵһ˲ƬУ߸˿˿ƣọ̇̄ƮƮ˿֮䣬ǻз׷У׵֮һٴν飬ɢ
ٻ罫һҶŵӣȻΪֶξȡʤһŤ˿һӣгһƴСѣ̧һ㣬ĵɫ˳˲Ũķһ֮С
ǶʱСһ֮Уȴǳͼһ㣬ת۾ͻָͷСһ㣬ȴǳһ͸򣬸˽ǳʲô
һڳ޲˽⣬ٻʩչҲ֪ȻʲôֶΡ
ٳΣֱɾĪģ
ٻ΢΢һЦѵ¶һ˿ɬ̧֮䣬ָһѪ飬һӣѪͶһУʱͷۺæȥһһѪҺ͵ըĵϢһƮ
ΣѵǴ˵еƲɡԣϹųޣһʩչӣֻοܱˡⶫǴһ˿ѪһСĲС
һͷһȴû˼ʫԶԶһĹϢնȥ׹ƣҪ֮ջ١Ըħֶΰ԰׵֮˴ȴûʲôã֮Ѷȣ䵽Ϣϣȴֻǽ֮п˲Ϣ֮Ϣ£ٴγƮ˹


İ ֮
һնܵóѣٻһЦ˱ںòƣǻūҺЩʯŹǻˣūҶ᲻ãձˡ
һȻˣֻϹĶҲնɱҲͷôԣȴһ赲΢΢һЦĳεºܹúκ񰮣ȺöЩ˽ѽǸá
ٻһЦǽһķ˿佱Ѿ֪ħħӣ浶ǹƴʵǱȽϵǸ׵㿡ҶŵӵݣܳΪūҵȹ֪֮жٽûĽѡ
һͷһи̵ħžħţȻ˵λ˵鹫ӺƷƲӦ˳Ⱥô뵽˴Ҳҡͷһܹܣһ޶֮ȴʵ뾭ѵˡ
ΣѿϹԹԽūҶȻԷ̣õҲ˼伫֡ٻռϷ磬ǵ
ǺǣѺ⣬ĳˣֻȺ»˰ɣˡĳл
۽׹⣬վƲƣڼ۽˲䣬һڲӲƴһһһ⣬æ
ҪӣɲУһ׷䣬࣬ѻ°ɣ
ٻһ㣬չ֮䣬һٴα仯ޱһĺ絴׷ɣȲ裬಻Уȴǳɸ˿Ʈɢת֮䣬кЩ˿߲һĽ֮ϡ֪֮䣬˿߾Ȼһ
֮Уһų׹ջ˿ߣ紵˿߲ǿĽҲɵ
ϲϣңԿ콣ն飡
һѳ⣬׹һƣ㽫˿ջ١̧ڽһĨպ׵֮ӿ֮һ֮У˲һӽһս׹ӿ֮㽫˿߾նϡ
ѣ͹ֲĳϧˣһһݣ˴Ѹײڶ֮ٳٻɱ˹ȥ
⽣֮٣ٻҲΪԾʩչֶΣһ֮ǹꪸṴ棬ʮ˰ȫЩȴԵֵһơɵһ֮ƣת۱ٻ֮ǰ
ѣԹͶɣ
ߣūֶΣ
ڴʱٻ¶һ˿Ц⣬һǲϵ˿͵Ĵ𣬳һ˹ȥû뵽ôһ˿²Ƿһ˵Ⱦ룬ģȻһסö
˴ζǷɻ˿ʱһʫ䣬ڣʵȴһɴȸռ֡⵹˵ٻжôֻΪɴ֮УжĳԹ棬նɱʱȴвͬ˶Ц֮䣬ȴһ˼ƣֶβʵǿ˵һСıҪ֡
һԼ޼ɵ֮⡣һȴǱһ˿סҪѣȴЩΪѡ
ѣӣαūβãҹϸ裬βɿ
ΪֶξܽסĳҲ̫Сˣһһ׵֮һг˿иȥ
ħ֮Ͳɼһ˿²Ʒһ׵֮з֮ʱҪжһ㡣
ٻû뵽һͣȻЩ᲻ôһ˿£ȴҲջأ̧һУ׷һĵС
ƣȹ֮Ҫٶһˣ
̧֮䣬ٻٽƳһ˹ȥ֪ʲôֶΣٶƱǰһࡣ
ûôףն˿
һȻ֪ԼֵܲܵƣȴҲһԣƺһһתһ˿ӦѣæݹҪ㿪
ūҵѵ߲ɣ쳾Ѫ֮ӳƣմ飡
ٻһһ֮ϣ͵һѪѪע֮СƵһѪ֮ʱһ𣬱ֻͽϢ͵߽ˮ׼ɶ֮Ȼһ
ֻٶȣһܹȵùһȴвͬٶһȻͻȻʧ
ʱһɶݵĽȻһͣɢȥ¶֮ɫΪоʲôͻأĳԼ֫ٺ֮С


İ 
ƣһ˲жϳʲôֻΪͻأĳԼڣȴö֪ˡ
ӿǸоʲôʣٻУǹĵĿһЦӷıǣūƲʲôġ
һǺöǻæӵ֮ȳ֫ٺ֮УҪ׽ơƽڣӻʮβ׽ֻ赲С룬дӹ׷ɢȥ
ٻһ㶯Ҳûоʹ˶ֵ˼һǰЦ֪ӿ֪빫ڵô
ţ⻰һҲɵ÷ֳһϾԵ޹УȴҲ岻ѣ´˴ν˻´γ֡
һ̧ͷٻЦøӻϲҲһԼһ⼸ɾ룬һξһϣָ̧˸ӣ̾һ䡰Ӣūҵסθڣſڡ
Ӧò֪ȻǱ䵽еȴҲࡣūҲǺòף˴ǮۣŴӼλʦеڹϣ֪ū֮˰ɣ
һ˵ص㣬ŪԼһҪ˼ȫԸơ
ԭżˣˣūȫˡ֪ƷͬѰޣʯѪιūռһƬһΣʶʱ˴ιι֮ȴūҼѪ֮еáǿԲ谭մһεĵط
ʲôһԴһȸմֶΣǵоֲӵеġû뵽ССƳתһ룬ӺٻĻҳһЩ©
һħƶܹ󣬿⴩Ǻٻƹ֮żȻ֣ƳĴ󲢷⣬ҪһεĵطһӦҲһľС
뵽˴Ժ֮жʱһȻֻܴһεĵطܹܵԼ֮
ٻǿһʣһЦǽǰΪԻūңһνô˵ֶθܹ߳һͬɢƳȴҲһġ
һԣʱȻû뵽Լ֮¾ȻԼһöԷܹʹáΪκٻҪԼһҲõˡƵķҪһǱԼڵһδë֮ɢ֫ٺͻȻϮС
뵽һͷʲôʣҲǺٻֻһĳڣתЩ
һԼٻҲûȤ΢΢һЦ㲻ҲͰˣƲ࣬ȴȶģʲô赲ơƳ뵤ǽʶٲʲôҶŵӣūҵȹ֮ˣЦһڵǰһҲķЩ󷢶ƣǺķ˲Ѫ
ȴ˵һ߶ɱȥҲ֪ģѰʱĽһƵʱȻҲЩЧ˴ȴǱȲǰһ
һϸСվϣ˿Ƶֻ΢΢һʧһ˽ĽɱǰŲһȴͬͬһŻϢһһƣ߶֮£һƬƱ㱻ٶǰߵ屶
ˣ֫ٺ֮޴ڵƣβǽǽȴҲסǰĲߣСƲ﷽ϣԲʶ˹ȥ
ǵʶߵصءﱻأȫޣʶأǾʧȴûа취ƸϾɱ
˵֮һߵѣԷ飬һƱԶԸħŮ˵ռ˵ʶҾͻᱻ֮СʩչҲ֮ܽ뵤ʶ֮⣬֮ضǾϵʶ֮С֮Уǿʶ̨֮ػҾͲţƴȫ֮ܽնɱʵڲУһкڣͷһ
һˣһ飬ڶѸջص֮УٲƵǰȻû谭Ѹٵʶ֮УܿĹɷɫֱǵɣʶһɣ˵ͷƵıˡ
ͷƻָ˲䣬һڷˣͷһתԥĽ͡䡷ת


İ˰ ̫
֮УһҲǽһֻǽǰתһ㣬㳯ͷȥƸ뵤ûļҵطӪկ㱻ͷһȥˡ
һе֣һתͷƲסӴֺͷһաתʽȻҪƵҩ
ڵʶ֮տࡣһΪ˷Źٳʶͬ˵СͶУҽУҲûҵӵĵطڴʱһ̨֣ͻأĳʶ֮С
Ҳев˽űҪӿһȻʶλûжԲߡ̨֮оط£һ㽫̨֮һصӿȥ̨
һֶβˣ̨֮֮ǡ䡷ġһɽ֣Ͷ̨һ֮ϣ㣬һСһá䡷ֶơ
̨һԴȻУȴЧǷ⣬תҪʱ֮ڽ
ȴ˵ǺٻΪһڣ㰲ĵ֮תҪһǷѾƿƣһ˫ĿգնȻûɹ
ʦʹ֮ʱһɹոΪνҺķͷƣϧѪ߶ȴʱûոѵƶô
ٻüͷ΢壬ƵģԼоãҰοǴ˵⣬Żôʱ䡣Ȳ˵ҶŵӵݣҲֵõȴЩʱˡˣƬ̣ýոˣõ֮ٺúõġ˵ԽԽСֻһʱշ⣬˵Ҳ֪˼뵽ȥˡ
ٻٴγ֮Уһڲ࣬ǣ˼ġ𽵹ص䣬ÿһʱһΡһվԭأҲļֻһһԽԽġĻ˵ǡԽѱˣζԽã
ںٻתһûб仯׼ٴʱһ˿ļµĸоӿϺٻͷֻʲôõ鼴һ㡣
˫Ŀյһڵ̫飬飬ҲȻνƣȥɣ
һٻֻʹ֪ԼѪƱһȥˡͷʹٻæһȥ˫۷ǿһ㡣
ôܽ壬ǽ𵤸ԪҲôٻŭӣƾ㱻ѪһַųƱû˸Ӧʣһһڣȴǰȣûһ˺
ͷƱԾǰ֮ȴһͷƣæ˵ҩ㳯һȻҪԶˡ
ѼȻôãβ϶Ƭأ
ʱһ˫Ŀһ̧һӳһޱȵĽٻն˹ȥ
ƽĽٻȥ̧ȴͷ¶æջһšƽ֮⣬㿪ǵֻǽն棬ƿһϸĿӡ
ٻһӣϻԴмһȴԳԾ֮ɫܹĿʮ֮ӵȣǷ϶ȥȴǿͷܹıʮ֮Զ滹жȴǿˡ
ԼΪʲôҪ㿪Ϊһնʵˣħ޵ҲҪЩ˺
ѺαżҪƣĳҲԻ
һһǿϢһ޶ֻǴʱķȴûһȻǱҡ
㣬ɱҵƣ
ٻȻ֪Ʊ𣬵ȴͷūҡԳҲ׵һߣ̧̽һɱ˹
ȻҪĳȽǾҼʶʶħŵĽɣ
һǺһЦ齣ǰ棬ǰһ޶Ľٻ˹ȥ
һٽɱ
ٻɷȴҲ֪һѡӲƴֻ̽·֮ƹ
ϡɣƷ˻ɫʮټΣҾ֮⣬һ
һһοٲ֣һ˽õĽһһնһ֮ơһӣʱֻ׵罣ͬʱ̽ն˹ȥ


İ˾ 
žžž켸ͬʱ𣬱̽ײһ˳ԾǣʵĽȻûԳ˿ƣ̽ķɣΪ׹ԭ·С
һбʧٻɫʮѿٻع⻪̽ͷһʱԾѣǶ֮̽϶ƿһСڡ
ǽޣٻָһʵ
һҲΣ˵ͷѺǽޡ˵֮ʱһնƵصĽ͸
ɽ⣬ٻҡͷ̾ǿĽޣĽ⣡ҶŵӣūҪǲˡ
ǺǣаԹŲѰʱĳ˵õܹҹҪϺΪŰĳҲһֻ۱һֻˡ
ʲôħһȺαӣҶȻųһŴ壬˵ñﶼеŮ潣εߣ͵͵ħֱӣó졣
а֮˵жۣҲ˵ʲôк֮£ĳٸһաֻҪ㽫ħڴ˵Ļᾡ֪ңȥٲڴ˵أĳҲԿǸһ·򡭡һҶԼһڹɫһ࣬Ƶ뷨һЦĻˡ
ߣ￴㳤üĿ㣬Ϊǿ֮ţû뵽ھа֣֮տھҪɱ򣬻ʲôһ·ѵΪɱֲɣãձƴҪҲҪ֪Уһٷ
ٻŭһһѪɫһ֮Уһ仯ʣɴһηŨת֮䣬һſһصһӿ֦ͷཿޱȵһ
һĻȻǰЩ񣬵Щһ̶ԶԶǰܹȱȣÿһһءȻһ䲢ԵΣаһһ仨һнѹҲ㹻ˡ
һ٣һ٣֦
ٻһһ㣬ʱ賤ÿÿؽ֦ɣ֦֮ؽڣѭٶȼ죬̶ʱ֦ڡ
Щ֦޷ܵĵز׷𡣺ٻһָһȵɱ֪һ֦ͬһ㣬һɴ̹
һУһ俴ţûҪ֮⡣֦ɱмЦЦһſʼ
Էһҫ⣬ն˷
˲Ϣ֮䳤֮׹⣬һһӣ޾׹ѽһȦ׹⽣˷֦նȥ
ýһ׹⽣֮µȫǻĩ֦һһ㽫֦飬䵽ϣǿʮŽɢȥ
⣡һ֮úٻһ˫Ŀɵö΢ţȴ˵
һ٣ұӦִ֮Բ򡣲Ůĳնڽ¡һհȻ˵ţƺһɱϵĽûа顣
ٻҲɭȻһΪħڵӣȻܾ򵥵Ͷʰ飬һЦ㾹Ա٣ãܺãһڵġ٣ڶ٣һۣ
һ䣬ٻϴ֮ǰķǲϧһѪ˥ܵһתۼָԭ״֪һ΢磬΢һȻĻ΢Ʈ
Ƭ̣һùͺͺ΢֮оһһóӣͣķڲϢ͵ת˺üȦһӵٶҲʮÿÿһ㽫һƬ嵹嵹ۡһըٴλһˡ
һԽԽ󣬾һ֮󣬱һĴĵöЩܲסʱٻǹһ˿ݺݵ΢Цһָһȵһɱ
˴һ͵һͣ˲Ϣһţ͵سǧһĻ𣬳һ˹ȥ
һмЦЦһʹ֡ȴһըӻϴ˲ͬһһƬԭǸȻڶ̶ʱ֮ڣͬʱըһƬƬʱ˷˹
ֶοҶ˼ϵĵâ󣬵Զǰܱȡ˵һҶ˼ϣʮҶ˼ϣٸҶ˼ϣҲڲ
һĽһ䡮һ̺֮ۡɱɱһ֮䡣


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һһ룬ȻȴƸںһɱСȲҲʩչֶΣֻ΢ŲȻܿԼһ
ΣٻĳԾ̶˿һǰһ˵ǰǽķǿǴʱޱȵľ׼ˣһ֮㽫ޱȵһ켣ÿһŲûзֺֻܹﵽȳ̶ȡ
ٻȻԾȴҲ׼ʹͶһ̧һָ粦һǹؼңǹеĽ͹ɣʹһ׷ɵٶһ
һ״һЦɲֻ֣εĶҲſһ֮ǳӰ·ʮһͬʱһ֮䣬ȴƬҶմ
ٻ״ٴʩչֶΣϧһھѪעһ֮СھѪ࣬Ѫһߵľÿһ㶼ޱȡħ֮ڻѪһѪ߸ҲǲС
ھѪһ£ЧȻȺһȾһ˿죬ǷҷٶȻǷҳ̶ȶϵڣһ죬һ°ȴǱһƬһ˺һһ糤̵Ļ
һüͷһ壬ͣ½Ų̧һһֳ⡣ҲǱž죬᧿ΣĹֻ֣ǵͷ°ڵƿڣȻ΢΢˵ͷͬʲôһ㡣
ãֵҳҵڶ׶ɱΪ򽣣֮򣡡
һֽһڶõġ֮򡯡ע˽һġ֮ȴǰͬϱĲ飬һ糤̵׵СЩСޱȷ֮ƣɻУֻһɷԲһƬռ
֮ͬʱ׵罣ԵеֶΣ⡮һ֮ۡһʩչȥâ׵СնƷɻηֻתۼͷֻǱɻռĿռһƬ׹
һۣãȥɣ
һһ£֮ƺһ磬׵СУ͵ĳ˷ɢȥ֮һȻһ֮Уӭ顣
ԼֶξҪٴαȥٻɫɷףһתһϷɣһɹҪǮƵĹɻ֮Сɢҵķɻ͵ľ£ɾ֮£ٴλһӳ֮ײȥ
һ仯ûдﵽԤڵЧ׵֮֮Ƿɻ飬ûһԥûһͣǿ޾ĳӾͱ࣬ٶȷǵûнͣмӿ֮ơ
һУٻҧгݣһ˫۾ԳѪ˿ڷɻɵʱһʲôѵľһ㡣
һ٣٣ᣡ
ᡯֳڣһ֮˲ŵöžѪһʱ֮䣬΢΢Գ֮ɫһˢһ¾Ѫ죬һɻӱͬѪһ㡣ܿ죬ǱڲϢĻҲͣһһ˶ڿС
ϸ΢ġžϸȥмƬ꾹Ƴܲסʲôһ㣬ֱը鿪
ţһеһ˿вɫҲΪһӣ㽫֮ǻźȥҪ̽һνġٴᡯ
лɷ죬˭һϣ֪
ʱǺٻȻʫ֪ʱǹüƵЦݣӸĪӿһźΣСһţһѪȥ
һѪþѪ߶һȴȥһ˿ֻǿѪҪ絽֮ʱ̽ͻأĳѪ֮УǰǱһΪϡƽġһٽ֮ʱʱ̽ȴѪѪһ㡣
ȻһɹϢӻ֮дһͷһתãһҪŲƿȥȴû֮͵ķɳһĶƬɻȻ·סǻ͵һǣһ֮ͬһ˿ѵϢƺʱҪըһ㣬䱬ը֮ġ
úεٻɷЦƴ˴ʮһβҪΪᣬҲˣ˵֮䣬һ̧һ㣬ͬһĻ͵ĳСȥȻҪըˡ
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ʲôʱ㻹£ǺúùԼɣ˴㲻Ҳضˣʱ򿴱㣡ٻȻ˵ɣͷȴЩżæʹֶξҪ߶űը
˵ԻǱ߷飬ֻĳɲˡ䣬ʮù⣬֮


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䣬һƾը죬һʮɷԲںͻأĳڴ֮СһߺҴܶʱһ绡ÿһ䶼յͨ͸
ٻȱ仯ͷʱ𷨾ȵ֪ᣡ
ǻű֮е͵һͣű浴㲨ƣһһᡯһȻֹӱ濪ʼлͬʱը
ڴʱڶˡ⻪һʮͨ׹⣬谭Ĵ˻ֱӴȥˡ
ڶ֣ˣ֪ħֶΣһΣһٽᣬ
ٻȻͷǿʮ׹ʮֵѹΪ˱գϧɽһͬԱͬǱҪķһһͬԱ֮󣬽类ֶμӹ˵ĴöᣬʱҪӡ
ʱըģһĺȵ֮ƣ֮ͻ׽նаƣ
ơһһϯ£նаɵĽ𡣶Ǳը룬һ׹𣬼Ѫıը֮Եޱȡ
ǣһҪʲôѵýƿҵġᡯѵΪԼǽ𵤸֣ԶŽޣܣٻҰοһһ̣һޱȵĳǰ
ǰɫ޽㻺նٿоȴǼ죬һֳڼͼ֮ĴУһѪĸо
ն£ǿޱȵıըȴԹԵĸӭŽ߷ֿ˿赲ʮ֮һʱ䣬һ󽣱һն̣ͬʱը֮ڲܿƵĳըǽȴǲһ
ʱٻſһ˵龰һˣһ˭ˡһȻ˫ִն֮ơ
һһһ٣һٽ֦ڶһۣٴᡣһٱһһٱһգһԼ˵٣ûжһ
һͻʹ֣һһӢ֮罣նаħٻȻΪһĵˣȴҲŮˣӣҲĽ۲ѣһ˼ת﷽Ϊӣ
ĹģѪԱúٻѪһͣ˲ƣĵʹһΪŮ˵֮ûٴʶһԼĹϵ
ٻסͷʹͷɵͷҲ벻ͨԼڣһҲֻڣԷǽޣսǿѰԼȴҲħڵĽܳӣҲԵơɵ뵽ѵҶŲţӢĽһĴڣ
ٻ֪Լ²⣬䲻ȴҲԶӡ֪һһɴǰʮǵһߣٸʮҲ֮Ŷԣһᣬ˲
ը֮Ѹйɢһʮù⣬׵֮ĴҲʹɢȥһ˵ѰǿһȻһնʾܡƾһ͸ҳɴȵһıڽչ¶Щɱţζȴޱھѹ֣ԴﵽԼĿġ
ν²ĳúپҲӦԡѹ֪Ƿڤ粻顣ˣĳֻɱˣһֽ纮
ٻվԭأ⻰ֻһѹϣƣ͵һȣһѪ˳һء
һѪȳٻǺ˼ֻ֣ǽ޵ɫȴԵò԰ףһ֮ʱҿ۾±һ㡣
һʰٻΡΡ峯һһ򸣵ӽ߳ū䣬Ҫ֪ʲôūҶ˵ǣūһūţҲԸ
⻰һɫ˹ͽ˴Ŀģ˭˴ħһϵмƻ˵ֻҪûлԣĳһˣҲţֻҪڻش˵ؾǡ
ٻԹԵ򸣳һлſڵýӵ֪ūħħӣ̩Ŀ£һ̩֮Ϊħ֮ء˭ūֻһССӣͲ֪ϸˡ
Щôһüͷһ壬Ȼٻв
⣡ٻͷһתæ̧ͷУУūͬ̾ڸһС֮Уǰȥһܽһ򾡡ǲִƣÿӽ޷˵ţٻӻͳһӲӵ滨롮ޡ֣Ȼǲơ


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һüͷ΢壬ܿôһڵʱ򣬱һٹڵС׵İ½Էɱû뵽ξȻٴСŴ򽻵
ӹƣһЩ飬Ǻٻصİݵڵأūһ󣬻Ӧʡ
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ٻ̧ͷһӣūȻħڵӣνܸ֪ӣȻŵ׷ɱūһŮֵܹˣ롭빫
һΪٻҪԼŹȴû뵽ȻҪԼɲʲôô鷳飬æҡҡͷ¿²УˣħӣħҽշŹòǲġοֶΣֻҪ켣ɢ֮УͶһЩɼ壬Ҳûġ
һٻʱһɬΡΡĳһŲ˼ϿӷģūҲҪʲôݵλΪūΪźҲСū澸ɲ֮Ȼ繫Ҳ¯Ϊһ֮
ͺ֮ʶֻҪ֮ˣɻħܻ˫֮ǣе֮ƣ뷲׷һ㣬ֻΪǲΣͬ޴ˡ
¯֮˵˫ޡֻһΪһΪΪ֮˻ǲǲǸ֮Ϊ¯ԼΪ鵤һ¯֮֮¯ԪѪԼΪ֮һһ֮
˷ȻֻͣҪʹʵҲ˴šٶȷʵѰʶ˵֮ϣɵ˵ħռҲкЩʹáֻɵ˫Ըͨһṩ¯һṩ裬˾ǱɽĬ˵ġ
ʱٻ˵֮⣬ȴҪһԼ£⾹Ȼϧ¯һɲ˾ǻ˼һŮԼ׿ϡһȴͬĲ˵Լӵ̫ߣͲʺϴһˡ
У²ᣬֻҪ㽫ħڵңһسŵ÷ߣ¯ʲôģͲˣ
ӣѵôٻ˵˴һŽ绨ϾȻһ飬ڵʹһ㡣
һ״üǻǧʱ˵ɱҲɱˣŮӿħޣҲӲĳ
ҪȰοһʱ򣬱һȴʹߴˣľѣ׷ʲô飡ǽƳ˭ˡ
СҲˣ˴˴սپǡһͷһҪǵײĺٻʻڴʱһ˿Σյζͷ
̶һߣȻ㲻ңҾɣ
һ䣬һѪɫ͵ĳĹѪɫ֮ɼǼŤ
ʶͨ𷨼ɽɽ
һоϷ絶һ㣬ҲδͽԼǿת̨֮ⱼӿ𡮲ɽͨıתԼȫһͨעÿһÿһ缡⣬ÿһëס
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ԭǰһȴǺٻһѪɫצӡһϡһצ֮һǼķ¶˺һǣһȴô֮ơ
ⲻܣߣôֵܵסȫתħһɽʯҲ飬ôܰȻ£ٻϾŭӣЪ˹ĺ˳
һ¶һ˿ЦݵһΪħ֮жôԭҲˣ֮ǿȷɽֻһ
˵һһ𣬺ٻֻһɷ֮Լֱ۴˹æצջأֵĿһɫš
ôһ˵
ҡٻ˵Ҫ֣һųִСľƴͷѹеһƥ֮ƣǲ㿪Ҫѹһ㣬һֶΣתͨԼķʩչ
ֶһԼƣ֮Զٻǰһצ֮ȴı֮νһʮᣬǿžˣž
ٻһƲ˸ߣ֮зڡԸħ׻ҪٻֻԼڵȼһͰըҩʱҪըһ㡣


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ҺһٻһţһѹȻѪǰһһƲеĵطһɴŵɫѪҺȻ˱ڻβķʽһѪҪ˳
⵽ʲôԲɵֶΣ㵽ʲôˣȻƳ⣬ٻɫǲ԰׼֣ʵ
ɵֶλħֶΣֻҪܹħǺֶΣĳᣬȴϧѵҪѰɣһȴЩŭˡ
ٻʹһЦΪҵľ·ħŵǰɣ֮ǰг˽ֶΣֻҪ˵ڼƻҷ𣬱ǲл궼ҡ
һ⻰ͷ΢û뵽ħֶܿתԻȻˣֻҪ˵˵Ҳ˽ƣɡ
ɣħɵﻹɣ˵ΣղһɣٻһЦһ磬һ˫Ѫצʹ˳һץ˹
̿ˡɻȻѰ·ĳҲ޻˵ִԲħͷҲֻһˣ˵䣬һһĳɫƳٻ˹ȥ
ٻ߾һ˫Ѫצǲƣֱֱĳ˹ѪӵʱȴǱƻɢһںٻȴ֪ȥˡ˲Ϣ֮䣬һӰͻأĳһǰɴǲһһĺٻʱǹЦ㾹Ȼãұħ䣬Ѱȣٴʲôã书Ψ첻ƣ
ޣΨ첻ƣһΨ첻ơĳҲ죬ͨӳ֣
һ䣬ǺٻҲһϣȴһһʧԭأ֮⡣
ٻ״侪ţһһޣһ׷ɣһ㣬ٳһƮһֻʩչͨһɵĶرܡ
һֶΣֻúٻһ͹ԭǿ˺ٻһ۲һԼһЩͷһµʵʣȻҲַɻһĶŷɻ֮һֻԼٶȲû鶯ȴǿ˺ü֡
ٻȻҲȱ仯ʱľѣҧгݣ뽫һצ£ٶȱͿ첻һһ仯Ǿ͸ץסˡ
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ʹߴˣĳǰսһԾõʱ洫һ߽УǽƳôھҪ֡
Ȼҷ֣Ҳ͵ɣѣһᣬǲ˵ͲҪˣһ̤ƶǰһ˫ƻӲӣ˵ǰĽɫ䣬ȴ˿
ٻ˫צӭ˫ƴȥֻážһ죬úٻڵһ㱻˳ȥ
ʱٻڿУһ˫۾һԹԹֻϸ͵һţ̶һȻը죬һɱը֮ӿ
ԱԣԱһǳԾܣϿһɽ֣һݳһ׷ȥԭһ㵭ɫѪٷɱ֮죬һ֮ٻҪһ
һһȴ֪ʲôֶΡ˳ơѪݡħ֮йΪһ֮ȼѪޱȵٶȡֻǽٻݣȻϧȫѪϣǣħһڣʩչٶȸǿһ
ߣ̤֮ӳ٣һȻˣæ̤֮ҲӳֵȻֻýһᣬٶҲ˼֣ɲЩ΢գ֮䣬ѪҪɳ̩ǡ
Ԫֹ⣬ڽɱ
һָһ󣬱̩Ǻʮ𣬺ɲɣһѪǰһָǵֱնѪ֮ϣһ˺ѷε˻ѪʱٶҲ
ӡħħӡ
ᣬһħӡ⻪һѪ͵ĳСѹ
ǡħӡ㲻Ҷŵӣڵӣ㾹Ȼƭңƭҡħ֮дмƺٻ˻вѡ
ʱѳ䶨һҲΣǰȥħץУ΢΢һЦҿɴû˵ԼҶŵӣȫԼ²⣬οڵΣħְˣ
һƱ磬ħǿѡһҲֱӻָһ㣬һھšʱһһۺ콣


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ʲô˸ҽ֮ز־ܡǷۺ콣֮зһϤǾŻӣҲ֪Ϊǡɣڻʳ֮С
һͷһ֪ߣ̧һӣ·ǵⱻԼʹ֮⣬ལ⾡Զ·أǲǾŻӣԼٳ·׹ȥ
һ䵽棬ȴһ֣ʱһݾӵУƽչߣȻһܵԵˡ΢΢һЦҪ̧ǳܣȴǷɫٴθǰԳŻӵ
ǺˣرӳܣѵɡХһӣֱָһӢȴ֮ǰɽصʮֲͬ
һƸոհںãǽХϺԳ죬뷢ţһ˫۾˲Ϣͨ죬һųķʱɳʯƽգٲ׷ױӡЦһŭ㣬ľһ㾹Ȼˣ˴ãã̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬽ձӾҪΪ𣡡
Ϊ𣡡һüͷһ壬ɵðûɱ̩Ϊ𡣡
ߣҲǲ˰ɣɻǵõɽɽɽկկХɫЦ
ХХԭˣǵ©֮㣬û뵽ҾȻڣľŻӣҲøһĵ˵ͷ©֮㵹Ǵûû뵽ȴԶ˳
⻰Хͷʼ飬ħ޸ײϣǱӴħʹߴˣҶҲû˹ܡ
Щ˼ԸͷҲԸпЦһЦ˵ȴתٲķˣ˵ţһһ˿֮ɫϡ
ޣôҿҲࡣһһ䣬ٲڱ㳯ϺҶС㣬Ҳɣ
㣡Х״ҪʱϴҶһľһ򸣣һ˫۾һ˲ָԣôôʱ䣬Сɶˡ
һڨڨһЦѵʱǶһ㣬ã⼸ˣȥٲˣ
á֣Ҷһ˫۾⣬æͷððҿҪŶҪС׽ȹá
һЦŵ˵ͷããһж㣬ھ͸һ߰ɣȥ㸸ĸҲи˽ˡ
ţҶѹɵĵ˵ͷҪһܹ
վסǵʲôϵХһ仯ŪЩͷ룬סҶѡ
ߣٹסСȥ·ɣҶѷ߷ߵĵŽХ뵽⼸յƣͲҪʩչֶνԷնʮ˿飬ֻҲ֪ʵ̫󣬶ԼеıֶȴͻأʧʶҲ֡
СҲطģ˵ﻹҶֵĺáһһЦ̤ƣֱХҶǰ
ХٴҲ֪ǰɱΪʵȻԼ֮ϣԼѩ޵뷨ٴθˮͷޣޱȵԹޣȴסΪ֪Ҫġ
ڴʱһںڽ١Х̧ͷһͷǱԸ˲Ҹȼæ󺰵壬мڴ˿ն
һ󺰣ǽȻ˲ǱˣǽƳһǹ춯æȴ⻪Ⱥ׷æ׷Ҫνħʹߡȴ֪࣬ͨ˱Щʱ䣬ʱ׷
Хô˭Ƴ뽪Хвͬоһһ˿Ϥζ
壬˾ľһɽİΪгɾȻأˣľ𣬶ȻľҶҹᣬҪԸҽңɱ˴ˣб䰡
ţƳ꣬Ŀһڵ㵽ʲôˣѵľҵľһ
һԹһЦѣѵ㲻ϵˣ˵һ䶯ϢҲ˳ٴλľģ
ʲôľ𣡡ƳԾĽе
ҼʹľҲľһҵһҵһ
ңƳɵüͷǲ֪ҵĴһ㣬ȷʵһʵӵܶô׵ġ
Ǻǣڽֻһ㣬䶼ãããҾͽһΰˣͽĳԹһ˰ɣһƽޱȣƺ˵ĲԼһ㡣
ʲôҪҽұ𡣲ԣľʹߴأʹߴ׷ѵѵƳΪһڿտ˵󻰣Լ׷ĿģϾ֮ɫΡ


ľ ҵ
⻰ˣһȻһЦЦҶԺ֪ʲô飻ΪͳޣĿŤĽХȴͷһ£ƺ뵽ʲôΪֲ顣
壬ʹߴ˵ôˣХæתͷƳΪһжħʹйء˵ħʹ߲ûرԷһʲô⣬Լλ˵ǰ¾ڽӡ
ýХѯʣƳץסһݣХʹߴ˴ģʲôϵֶΣ
Хҡͷʹߴ˴ûϵ壬ʹߴ˵׷ʲôˣ
Ƴɫһҡͷʹߴһǰһ׷˳ֻٶ̫죬Ҹˣ
ʲôһǰһ׷˳ѵʹߴõѪɫݹ⣿ХǸеһ㣬ȴʹ˾ϣõһԼĴ𰸡
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ŻצҪɱ˱ĽХ˲ʧȥһ㣬ίһηηָȴһֶ˵˵֪˵ʲô
ʲôѵƳ˳ָȥڸоͷ֡
һ״ҲԸǼգһЦʲôħʹߴǱҽˣΣǿҪΪô
𣡡Ƴ֣һǰἰԼҵĳԹͷһ״¾Բˣϣֱ̧㽫ǰٹɻӡȡ˳泯һ˹󺰵Х֪ͨˣеǰǰҡ
Хͷһͷ׷ӿ𡣽ӵ֮УǼ⣬˽ħʹߵǵֵܹͨġһܹħʹ߸ʰˣٲһܶԸģֻнͬٹӵһܹͬһܣҪУҲвܡ
һˣͳʮö֮㾡˳ȥЩܹ뵽ˣҲܶԷûͨͨҪ˹
ХȻΪƵʮָˣ뵽ƵĻǲ˲١һ㲻ʹ÷֮ͨԺɨңٻԽˣֻýҵԽˡ
ǺġٹɻӡһмЦһЦͷһԵҶѵһСģ֮һҶѣǵҶ˼õĽҲһǰĽ⣬ʵף˲ġԪֹ⽣ֶηֻĽ
ֻ˾ġԪֹ⽣⽣ֻбٹ۷ˮ׼ֻдĽ⣬ȵѰһֻ֮ʮҶӵܣֻû뵽һҶ˼ϾȻ⽣ԸԼڶԼõ͸Ҷغٻ
ҶѰźãǰٹɻӡոѹͷħηĳҪһ˺һ㡣
ССħҲ񣬿ҷħӡ
һ̧һ㣬ʮħӡƾÿһħӡһħһСһС
ʲôħӡڵӣħӡǽƳҲϳһͷһǰٹɻӡƲȡ
ߣҲڵӣҵһѪծ㽪ҾѪɣ
һһֱ̧֣նǰٹɻӡϣֻһ죬ǺĴӡзֿһħȥˡ
ħֶԲʶΪħ඼Ѫιʶħ֮иǣûκԤ׵£һӡͻȥݲýƳն֮£ʱˣۡһѪ˳
һУХԼƴˣʱ˿Ҳ֪ûԼԲѡ
˭ҽӵܣϷ򽪲ҪĹһԶԶ֮ƿ֮ǰǽʿ
ʱ򣬽ƳûһԮǰϲã͵һ߳һȥһߴȵ󲮣ӣӰ
ߣӵô֮򣡡
һ䣬׹⽫ʮɷԲյȫûʲôὨǿյһƬһƬ׹֮УǽХԼһҶˡ
ǳһȥĽƳ֮ܲĳ֮ˣͬʱƼأѪ񱼲ֹ
һ˿ҵˣڿһ㣬˵ҵ˲඼ˣţԣȻһλûأ


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һһнͷסȴ˵ôһ˶УԾĵڶĽ
ô֪ô֪Ҳеһķͬһ㣬ǰƣС½ʹɫýֺͽԽȥ鿴ƳƣԼһһ
ǺǣħŸֲϧķѪʿôܲôˣһӦøͻƲðɣѩѵ뵱ɱôһмҡҡͷ
ħʹߵ鶼֪ɫѿֻ⽪滹ҪһʵʲôˣȻҽҵ顣
ǺǣʲôˣҲ֪㻹ǲǵҰ
ңǰ伣ѵҵĺˣüͷ΢壬ͷ䱸˼֡
ޣȻͬȻǵССңҾҺһ
һ߶ţڻǷôһˡ
ڴʱǽƳ˹ָһ󲮣˾ľҲɽľһڵӡУħʹҲ
ʲôڵӣħʹôˣƽˡ
˵ħʹҲɱˣƳվǱһ˿뷨
ʲôȻɱħʹߣôܣħʹڵĸֻ֣ڰһԵʿ
ߺߣΪΣĻǵֻһˣһ˵ţɱȴԽԽŨгҲеһ㣬΢΢죬Ѫ
ø֮ˣڵѵ첻ɣΪƾһ˱ܹһô֪ս⣬ϵЦԳ֮⡣
øһģҲħϰߣ˰ˣҲѴ࣬һҲÿ㡣һЦһ˰֣ǸϲӬһʮֲͷ
ãԼҪˣƳ֣Խһ֣ͬХС󣬴ҵȽնɱٽҶһ򾻣ǣΪħһȶһ־һѪɫ󵶡һֻƷ֪ɱ¾˶飬˶ħֶΣѪɱɷӿԩ˻ȻƷ
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ѪͼڣѪġ
׹ħħɡ
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Ǻǣ⼿ҳưԣ֮ɨħϣ
һὣһɨ׵Сӹһĵ׵󽣳ɱ˹ȥֻը죬ƶʱֹסһ¾Ϳ˸
ǽ棬ֻ֮ⷴöһ٣ԼٳһɱǽֺͽԽ൱׽֮öԭأ˻ųһɱǽƳƣһȥ֧ס׽ԶͣѽһУżɱ
һ֮ȻԽնɱһҲΪ⣬΢΢һЦһʧԭأͬʱڽǰ
߾һһϵıԼɾŭӣһҪħǿưһն뵶¡

һ֮һȻýֱֱ̧۽ǡսסͬӽһһȫ˵ʹˡɽͨ
ôܣͷ͵شܳͷһøܵ֡սһֱӵĵطȻһ˿ɫһ˿ɫΪһµĽ֣žϢչ
оսҪһ㣬ﻹͣתȫɱһɱΪۣ¾Ű򣬱ۣ
һʱ֮䣬һɱµƱӿҽ˻սϴȻסֵĶȻӴʮҪһʹնһ㡣
ø¾Ű򣬱ۣ¾Ű򣬿½𵤸ҲԸ㣬ˣҲ㣬ٰ̽ɻҡվݵ㣬Ҳݲ㡣ֲףȻ
ø߿к̶һԴɫ׹ֱûһֳУˡһ׵֮Ǵֹ֮նһС


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ǽֻľûиܵĸоͷѽһҪ鵶ӡ
ߺߣӲˣһһǡɽͨųĽʱսסֺܶɽʹܳ
ʮֿЦʵˡһ޹ﵽ롮൱ġ򡯣˾ط⣬ͬʿڸԡɽͨһɽ֮壬ȷǺٻڵħڵӶܹƣ̸
ۿһҪ䣬⽪漴Ѫȴǽʿϵˡ
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νս֮󷨵һ֡еĴ֮Ϊһɣļǿﵽɱ֮Ч
һ֮ҲǲͣȻоս󣬵һ۾ͿսΪݱ֮һ۹öôҲݻս󡣵˵սȻЩȴʵڲҹά
СһһϽһת⻯նȥƼ򵥣ȴǾƵôսϡսڣȴ֮Ͱ֮£ֱ
նһһջسֳ̧ȥ
Ҹƴˣսɣ
ǽ棬βĵһ͵עһɾ֮㱬˶ȥսһɱѵϢƺһ˻ͰҪʱը
ߣҪԱҶɻ㣡䣬ȻȺħ
һͷһתһɫıüķɳǼըսʵʵɫϢսҪȻһ㡣
ܣսҰ֮ãսɳôܱʲôȻҵľѪѪҲҪը㣬״ſڱһ쾫ѪѪһ䵽սϡ
ѡ
ս֮ڶԩҲеĴ߶ĵ߶Ȼը֮ȼ𣬱ըգ֮䡣
ߣɱϧɱ˻ģİɡ򱦣飬Ȼ򱦣౦ľۡ
һһſڣǴսϵĽɫķŤ仯һ֣һͽսʵʵͬʱսϷһǰͬһ㣬Ϊõ֪䡣
ܣҵսôܱȻʱеԼսһ˿ϵϣǳϵĲȻս
ѵΪ֮ңܹﶼΪôߣ飬Ի㽫ô꣬ջǿɱ̾ԹޣԼܰɣ
һȻһ౦ľͨսȴûԼҪãղءֱһսóȥͬʱսϵġ౦ľҲɻһüġ
սɹǵϲֵ˱ܣƺǲԼսһ㡣
䡭
սڷɽʱȻըһȻ֮׵֮ѽλըѪˣȻǿ䵽ϣȴҲ˺ü˺ЩѪվȡ
һжڵʯ֮䣬һоͽʿˣܣ֮ʢһʱ
ڴʱһֱСվһԵĽХ͵ҶԱߣһӶɫǶǵķͳҶ˹ȥĿľҪץסҶѣһͶ
һ罫һпȴǶҲδֻȤĿšڽХΪԼüƵʱǰҶڶˡ
λҶҴСûһ㾪֣ǹһ˿Ц̧һףһų⻪ⲻԵһǵ
ХһͬҶ˼ϱȶʱ򿴹ΪܹźµĳȥƷҶһгסġ
׻˵úãƻٺܸϲϱ仯仯ǽҶ˼һսһͰԿ˽˲٣ֶܹζԸˡ⽣ȴûһƣȫȨҶѣҲ˵Ҷһ֮
ȥɣ
Ҷ֮ʱն鵱ǰķĳХɱȥ
һ֮ХнϣͬʱǰҲȭͷСһӣҽжûüֻ㶵ĵͷ˿


ľŰ 󶷷
Ҵ򱾹⣬ȥɣ
Ҷû˿ֵ˼ֱ̧㽫СɽȡڽХͷһȻףңͬŮ첻٣ɱ֮£ǶԼл֮ˣʮֿܡ
ХһѵһΡػת˲бʧȥɣýҾŻӣΪ˸ĽХ
ԼҺڵٲʣ½ҲɵĺȻһĸо
ҶѾͷɱҽӵܣסΣȵ
ߣͷٸСȺȣ㽪ˣɱ˻ôձСеͼ񡣱Ϊ㻹ܲã罫ȫʰˡҶ˵СĵŲ˼һסǽɱ˵Ŀ⣬ȻȻӲȴҲµġ
㣡һξޱȵıһСѾͷһͨȻ춼֪˵ʲô俴ŵһͷǲһ˿ϣʧ
˵úãõŮкܣЩϼһͽþˣ㵽һЪϢɣһѵһΡ硯ʱãһЦҶѣ̧һ磬͵֮ȥˡ
ҶѱߣȴҲ֪˼Լ벻ˣͷĽʱ⣬㳯ʳǷɱȥ
ҶѱߣХ˴ֻʣ½һšֻŴʽȴʮֵĲƣһȻһˣȴѹסԷ
㽪һɣĸһϰɣһһӣٴ׵֮ȻҪһҵ
⻰ԽΪ׵ĽɫʮֳأһǾʲô飬˷ҲƵĳһ˹
úãѪծڽ쳥ˡһһƣһ׹ҫֵ
ȴ˵ʱʳ֮УǴ򶷵˽ҶҵĶ⣬з˵ʱĽһԼ֪˭ɱ˭ֻɱ۰ˡ
˵ڼңվĶ֮ĽҶҴ˴νʮˣȻǾӢ˫ȭǳҲӦƲŶԡʵȴˣҶһ֪ʲôһ㣬ޱȣһԸϸһſЩЩҶӵܣͷķԱ˵ҪһƷⷨв١ߣΪߵҶ˼ϣԼҶҼԶͬ٭ʲô
ҲͰˣҶӵÿ϶ץ˺Щʯ˵һѰѵ鵤ҪǮһûм׵в
˼Զ˵ܲܽǽͻȻðʿܰҶ˼һǰٹʿһԵҶ˼Զ
Ҷ˼Զüͷ΢ıǣ˵һж֮УֻҪЩסҪ˶೤ʱͻԮǰ
Ҷ˼Ե˵ͷЦһȺ֮Уһĵ壬Ըǽҵӵܺ
ÿãһХҶ΢΢ԾǷȥǽЩ˶ʱѳһţæѶ֣Ҫæӿ
ףǶô˭ﻹУҶ˼Զ˼Ҷ֮뽪Ҷһ൱Щװ֮⣬ͻȻʹýһʱ֮ɱЩҺ֣ɱĵҲûˡ
æˣҶѡ
ѣȥ˴ģɺæе֪Ҷнʹڼ䣬һĥȥ¾ֵҶѵˡ
ˣҶûȻԦǵһ˿磬ɱ˽ΧЩڵʿɱһȦȦ涼Щ֣Ҳ֪ǰŽɢȥɱôһСŮӽޡ
ѣʲôҶ˼ԶҲѵúһȵ
Ҷ죬岻ԸĵҾæģ
ǰæ㴿ңŽûʧȥҸȫĵط
ţõģһûأɱٳȥҲԵģҶҲ֪ĸԼæȰο
Ǿͺãšʲô㻹нĽҶ˼Զʱһæʵ
Ŷ磬ҵģ
ãã̫ˣѿһţ
Ҷû˿ԥһݸҶ˼ԶҶ˼ԶȻһЦ𣬳߿շȥʱĿȥò졣


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Ҷ࣬ҶҼȻͶҽңΪҪ˲֮٣ȻʦѣΪһ뽪Ϊ˴
ߣ֪̩ͨ꣬ʩбʣΪħÿÿʦڣѪƯ֣ŪԹصҶҲеˣҶһƽȴ˿顣
һת۱㶷ʮǣȻ䣬ԹҶ࣬Ǵ·磬๥١ʱһҶ˼Զ
Ҷ˼Զǰͷһϲһת㳯Ҷ˼ԶץȥҪץʣҶҾҶҲüͷҪǰֹ
ĳͲˣ֮һѪɾҪҶ˼Զ
ߣ㣡Ҷ˼ԶҲʩչֶΣִ̧һ״ˣô˻ᣬնɱ
ʲô⻰һ㶣ԼųѪױ飬һ⳯Լɱ˹ޱȣв
ҶԴһáһɳʮƣÿһƶһ˺ϱľľըһ㳯ȥ
ǰн⣬ɱУ֮ڷѪ¡θһ˱ɼһ㡣һҪһץ⣬һֵסЩľɱһɱǰýһȻը𡣽⣬ľ׷ըһҽУҲʧڱը֮С
һ֣Ҷ˼ԶҲɵһ˿˷ܵĸоɹҶࡣҶҲûж˵ʲôһ߰ɡ㳯·ȥˡ
һֵļ룬ҶҶʱռϷ硣˼ԼһֱնɱѣЩ뽪ҵɢ޶ʼѰ·гѰԱ˼
㣬սԼĪ㣬һմںĶ䵽ȴʬ塣Ȼʬ˺ۣϸһܿһ˾
桭
壬塭
ǾŻӡ

ʬǽ֣ͬХġδҶȼ⣬ԵҶ˲ֻѣһľûз
ˣͷԺ֮С
νɢǿƵҶңЩɢӵıӣӵı㸩׳ƳڽˣĵĶնɱ˵ĶҰһͶҶҡһʱ֮䣬ټұˡ
˶ӡΪ֮ҶలҶӵܴһŷһʹߴʱһˡ
һϷһݣǸطһ֣и߲һ򾻣ļҳҲǱˡһɲǼ䣬ƺһжȥǺҲƽ˲١
ҳѱÿԺú׷Ѱ޾֮˰ɣҳһֱǰĶ֮һڴʱнѳҲʧһݶܿҵһ׷Ͷ
ҶԶԶɹҲһϢı仯ŹֵлһСˣ
Ҷ֮ԣһ΢΢һЦҶϲؿҲԼƣǻﻥˡ
ҶҲ˵ͷͷҾˣֻС֮׼Σ׼һɼ壬ˣҶұضá
һҡҡͷһûпǹȻ̤ɽ磬֪һչ룬ǷҲ·޳ɽ𵤣²ܳ⣬ʶԸ⣬ɼҲ齨һὫһжһչ
ҶҲȻ˵ͷԭˣҶãСѷľǣҶڵһ죬ұ㲻⡣
һԵ˵ͷ˼㹻Ҷ㴦ЩʱˣҷŵЩϢȥã¾ͲܾҪȸˡ
Ҷ֪һڵȻ֪ΣȴϢԼܹģ˵ͷ˸ǣͱһ
һ⼱٣һʱϵɽأҲԥֱӳɽ﷽ȥڴʱ֮¡һ
ףѵǲȫ˵ħ󡣡
һԾʱ򣬱һԶʦܣʦҲڽ󲼺ã˴˵Ȼԭ߰˳ɣʦܿɷҪһ԰
٣֮г˵֮⣬мĳɷڡһȻȴҲⱣ˵һЦȻʦʢȭȭСܾȴ֮ˣֻС֮Уʦǡ
˵˻һһ֮пȥپĲãҲֻѡǿһն˹ȥǵһöƱ飬Ҳֱֱһ˹뱦ʱײһ𡭡


 ٽ
ɽԺһ֮ʱڷУѰͬʱ˫Ŀ΢أ˫ƽ̯ǰĵķļ
ĵ֮УһɽΣǡɽͨģһĹɣЩֹɸʽŹɷģǡ౦ľһηģһηģǴ˴νһġ䡯̤֮͡
һ֮·ڽϵָ֮£һ·ͻͽǽ򣬽ΪõСߡ޷ȴûָֻһǰ
ɽͨڵ֮·ϼǷижӳһɽ֮ν޹֮еҪս
౦ľͬÿһ֮зһ֮ͨʱֻԽԽֶ࣬ͨԲҲԽԽǿȻܹӦﱾԣӶˡᱦĹܡ
䡯һʮֹͨڡͨĻֻ̫̫ó
̤֮һĦٻ̤֮˵ǡʶͨݱ䣬ٶȻǿ࣬ת⣬ʹ÷֮һοǣƾ𹦣ҲܹУȻٶȱȲ̤֮ڿնȴǿ˲١
νĥ󿳲񹤣һȻӺٻõȴææ͹ȥ׼ͨúһԲſ϶
֮ͨǰһͨȡͨһ׷ͬȡݻǸֲ֮У޹Žޱȵϵ
һõɽͨʱ򣬱÷Ϊ͵ĽһŶԡɽͨĲԼ౦ľĳ֣Ƿ޹ǲϽǰñһֿҪ̤롮ڵĸоΣһ򡮴䡯̤֮ͨһֻԼվˡڵżϣʱ̤һ
ɵ̤ڲãҪ̴̫ܵҲΪʲôѡͨԭˡ
һֻһͷת⣬ͷȫĵͨĲ֮ϡĵͨҲΣԭͨͲһƿϣֻԷİˣ䡯̤֮ͨ͡ȴȫ
һʱ䣬ʱʱ֣֮ʱһ֮һдͬʱųۼҪɢȥȴԺǽ֮ͻأһӨڽЩ൲
һʹתԺгС׵Ӱŷ૵ĵѵͻˣٶҲδ̫ˡ˵ţƺеԼҲЩ仯ҡҡͷʧԭء
ʱһУһŽɫƹ䣬һɫ˳ƹʱ֮С
֮еľֳһСʱûݻĵֻͨһŽƷŹʡ
һ˫һŽƣ΢΢һЦһף䵽֮ϣ͵һǣȻһʱ֮ƶˣһɳ˵֮ʱ˰ݷѡ
𷨲ͨԳɡڣˣˣ
ڽ֮ϣһͷϲΪһᣬͬʱҲΪԼʱ̤ˡڣͨǿ
һڵı仯оһŽƽµĽƣ΢΢һЦû뵽ͨȴڲͬݻǷһ㣬ҪҲΪ߶ߡֻǷɶ֮Ѿ˽ݣٶԶͬ٭Ҳöһġˣˣ̤֮ҲķʲôٶȲУ·ȴҲÿԵһʹá
˵֮䣬һʹǽɵСһüȥˡ
һŴӷ˳ĸԺȥ֮ɽ𣬷ɵУԳһٶˡ
ʦܣþô΢΢һЦ
һЦοãҼȻ̤֮·ûлͷĿܣֻһ·ȥżˡ
Ҳ˼ĵ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ǶлʦֵˣʦҲŸҷȥ
⻰ҲʮãЦ˴ˣ˴ʦƵʦҲˣ
һЦŵ˵ͷͳǿ顮Ƶ߰ɣǻкЩҪأ
ٵ˵ͷûзԵ˼ʱ˻Ⱑȥ


һ ̽
˼ɽ֮Уһľ߹ŷĽȺ䡣һжԵʮ־׺гǣʮؾȻû˿гһаЩɭɭĸо
ʱɼнɽɳȻ˴һ߾ۼء֮˶ɫҴңƺæµʲôһ㡣
˴һĴڣһСɡפء⡮С֮еĵ͡ˣֻʹ϶ǽ𵤸֣೤ϣִµƹְ˾֮ΪǱٹʿڴڡ
ʱǰڵڿءνأȴʵûʲôģҲǼ˱ŸǰͷһˡɽҰ֣зǰƧãУЩɢǰʦ
Ȱʦǰ˱Ҫһÿʲ¼ϾССɣԴ࣬û㹻ʯˡи˹أǰͶ롮˲ΪߵһУʶ˵񶼲ãֱָطǽˣʶ⿴һµͬ¡
ڶ˿Ŵţ׼ϢʱһǶУʱ˾תͷȥֻһ˳ɫĿ˶һۡ
ԭִҪˣҵԤףִ˳ģһ·˳硣ԼǸŵӻͬæԱͬԪףԱһȴҲŰ˰ݡ
öɫ΢΢ִһʶ࣬žȻиҪһְأϡ
⡮֣ɫһףͬЦֺõִ·ģҵȶһСİأ˿ְص֡
⻰ִ²һһűԶȥˡִԶ˲һԼͬһڡ
ʲôС˵־ˣ֣ʦͻȻܱܺϿϣΪ洫ӣոܹõִµݡǸᣬҲһõ
СһĺãǱˣ˵ñٱ롮֮Уǲܰ
ǵСһЩɺޣҽʮ꣬ȴʣΪܴɸǲϸһôȥ˵ûҪЩ½ŵһ㣬һҪӡ֮һ⡣
⻰ͬ˿ңСҶôദһܷķӣɿϸһô
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Ϊȫʱֻñһ棬ﻹбӰ˵Ҳ֪Ǳ͵ϮͷһƻҲͷٴһ
Ȼһٴνߵһ˲䣬һֻɰСɫצӴӷһץñɼ֮ǿ
һһ֣һдԼϣСɽͨ壬ҲҪһСĿ
ǿ֮кԳһɶݵĽһʼʩٴһ˹ȥ
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ļޣᵤʱһ֪ûʲôֶζûãʶһ־һһǿһҲӽµ̳гɹһ
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һԾʮ֮һʱ䣬ֽǱڿײϡ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ͷһšѪڳǴ˹
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С׵ǿֶΣˮʲôֶζûãθǱƣöУŭȴ赲ǡ𡯵Ƽ
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С׼ȻʹһȻ޵ķʸ˿ٶȲ죬ȴ޾һ㣬׷šˮ㽫䲼õڣֻС׺һڵĵطû˿ߵĴڡ
ˮҲ֪ȥһᱻץסתͳȥҪƿ棬嵽档ֻҪ棬شСжͨҲٲء
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ǰС׺ɫһ䣬һȻһУǱƳĻ滯ջС
ûС׵ѹƣǡˮΡΡվǰһգǿҲķѲСֻһ˫ٿС֮ʱ˾⣬Թ޺;
쳤ХɫƤëϼϺɫȴһѪЩѪʹ˵䣬Ʈɶ𣬵۳һţѪɫɫǹ⣬ǾԶϢܡһѪҺȼһŻգѪҺ٣ͬʱȻһӰڡˮͷʵ
ϸȥӰҲһͷӣ롮ˮм񣬵ȴθӽýƸͣƤëֻлɫԶģģһϢ˵һӰȻĶʮ֮һˮ


һ Ѫ֮
ڵĻˮӰСһߣһ˫ĺüǸ֮߰⣬ӵĿǡˮ˵øѪøˮû뵽ȻҪ뱾ƴѪľԶݵ󣬺ãձϡѪʶʶʲôĹУʲôǾĴʲôǾβ֮
һ䣬С֣һξӨİɫѪδָ˳һѪΣС׵裬ʼдһޱȵһĵдСǱͰƸһһ
һ꿴С׳֣ЩǳϦദԴԼ֪Сʵڣղǡ𡯻ǡǧ쳾˿ԾѣоСԽԽǿƣԼǾŸ֣һлûȫʩչЩľĸоͷɵ
Ÿǹ飬ֱǡ𡯡ľˮ𡯡硯סáСڤ˾ֻǲ֪СҪʩչĵʲôֶΡ
ڴʱȫдɣСһſһŨİŸķֱɫף࣬ڣ࣬ƣң𣬻Լ͸
βλ
һǾŵڵط𣬷ɵСͷȸһεչɫ쵣Գһصζ
ۣۡ
ŵǾöĶʱȼһŻ棬ֻѰ治ͬС׵ĺҲͬɫǰľɫûһȶ¶
һһֻ覵ĺӰСͷǾŶȼںӰβϣС׵ĺβһ״
βͬ졣è֮࣬ɾβǾǴﵽҵλˡСΪβ֮һ޶ҲɣǴ˵еϹŴβ˰ɣһһ߾̾
ȴ˵βֳ֮һǻˮҲовһ㣬ҫȴ֣ʱȴԳ̬
壬ӵΪԶѪˣԣѪĴ;Զ̶ȡβķޣʮȵȶϹţԶѪ֮е̳
̳ͬȴҲи¡ķޣͳķΪ߹Ѫ֮һ֮ȵֻдսڣԼ֮ڴ˵ѪıǾβް桢½ȾٴβǸִʮһȼĴڡ
Ҳɭϵĵȼϵ֮Уǵȼ𲻴󣬶Ϊ̫λԶλѹƵġ
⼤ѪġˮֱС׶¶СŭʩչֶΡƫƫˮʩչΪֱҫԼѪСС׿λλӡ
һһԾӣǸ߰С̵һŭ֮Ҳʩչһ̣ⳡѰĶѪ֮
ء
ݡ
ˮӰһӭ˾βСӦǱۻ룬飬һ̣֮Ȼѹ󣬱֮Ҳֻĺ䡣
ľβͻˮ߼һҲһ䶨ˡβˮӰȴͬ
۱໹ӰĵĴȴѪľ̶ȡС׺ųɽѪáɵѪھβѪʮִ⡣ǡˮȴֻǺޣżȻѪȻǿΪˮѪĴ̶ȴСײ˲ֹ
Ѫĸ£Ѫ̶ȵĲ𣬴˳ǾβȻܹˮӰѹסˡ
һǡˮС׵ġ𡯡ǧ˿ƴѪǴһأͷҪȴֲסǾβϡ
Сûһ˿ʤϲãֻǸ߰һͬʱſ¶ݣ͵һһֻԻˮӰǱѹסĻˮӰһ̱㱻С
ʧ˻ˮӰˮƶ˻һ㣬໽ţӣһ˫۾ֵĿСףƺֻصûлѪ֮ʱһ㡣
ߣĩᣬѪˣ
СЦһһָ͵Ĵ˳ȥһצ㽫ˮĵڵأһҧڲϣʱ۵ҽУѪҲĽ䡣ֻѾʧĺͶ־ҲѲá
ڡˮ˫ʧȥһɵʱһҵĽŲͻض֮Ӵŷ˹


һ ͬ
ڽΪڸ֣ǲڶϣ˵жô⣬ƫƧ֮أ֮ȴҲһ֮£֮ϡ
ɵתΪħɣзƾĴֶΣӦЩ֮סԼλãõ˲ٺô
ʺԣ´Ҳ˴˲ԴӵħĹħŵİһΪתħܹһ㣬ҲǡħڡӰ
ݣѰʱӦţĥȡߵΪʱȴһȺ˼֮ѰʲôͷӬһ㡣
Ҳ֪ʹǰ״ʲôֶθʹ϶ˣǾȻϷһｻңӴ˱չزû뵽ϺòϼѪأȴгȻ˻뱾Ǳ˷֣˵ЩŶΧɾͳ鷳ˣ
ڽͷżʱ򣬱һɱ
ʲô£ѵǷ˼ϸڽæʵ
ϣûּܷϸֻѲ߾ʱвСĶʲô棬ֻǵݵ΢ܽ̽ʶǰرϡ
ţ⣬Ǳصأ˿ʧǰȥ㣬㣬㣬ִºͳϣͬ⣡
ԸڽͣĳȥϵſڣһѪ˹
ڳϣʲô飬ȻҪ򿪻⣬ѵҪ뻤ɽ޾ȳô
Уãһͬ⣬һǼϸ棡
оеִ⻰˿ɣæݳƣڳϣ¿ɷҪ֪ͨʹϣ
ڽһ߿ǻţһߴʹڱչ֮У鲻ܴţǼϸӦֻΪѾټгϺִһͬ׽ãӦܹ£οڻ֮Уÿ˻ɽЭǽ𵤸ֿ¶Ӳȥ
һλϵƨûڣһӻ˳˷׷ˣƶûܽſ
ô£ѵǻɽѹϸڽͷһֽͶţֻһ촫ǴŻ
ӳеһտյĻ⣬ûһƿûһƣǽϣѺۣǿһѺ۾Ȼһ˿צץۼʮԡ
⣬⣬ôܣڽʧ˻һ㣬ϣǾҲһɷף૵˵ʲôǺЩٹڵĵûʲôӦ˵ǵһ⣬֪֮ǰڵĲֻ࣬оãһ˽
ڳϣɽޣеǸعæڽ
ԣɽޣɽ޾Բܳ⡣
ڽæ׵Ӷǰʲôæͣ½ŲȽ׳ȥͷߵӶǰ·һ۾ɳĿӶ֮г˸ֿݹ⣬ﻹһ㻤ɽ޵Ӱӡ
ãɽ޲ˣҲ˹һתͷڽڳϣѵޱǼϸ
ܣǼϸֻΪҲܴǽ⣬ֻܸɽͲ˰ˡ
ǣôأ
ڽҲϳɾܿһƿڱϣϸ˿ųǻɽޱʲô⣬ƿ򿪵ġ
⣬ôܣЩƿǱã޼Ҳܴưɣ
пܣ㿴Щ꾡Щ꣬ͷᵤ޵꣬ΪѵõĶǻɽ޳ʲô仯ȡ꣬ǿ˳ȥɣڽ²
⻰вɵһ㶣˵ȻпܣȴԵ̫ǣǿֻڽϿĿ⣬ʱһЩͷһæͷӦˣڳϣӦʲôɷҪ֪ͨʹϡ
ڽԵ˵ͷҪ֪ͨʹϡȥץǼϸȥֻע⣬Ӱ̫ܴ⴫
⻰ڳڵӽԵͷǣһȺӳ׷ȥȥץʲôϸȥˡ˴ֻʣڳһˡ
ڳĴ˿Цû뵽Ȼһ̯ӽңߺߣ±Ͽɴˣɣ˵ű㳯ȥ
ȥ֮һ̴ǿӶ֮Ʈ䵽һС׶ˡ
СһЩ˾㱾֣ҲܾɱˣΪʲôҪܣ
һҡҡͷ˻ȻûҴ˴δ˼䲢ǽѰ֤ݣŲ˳ҳĻĺ֣Ǿʹ˽𣬿²ܴﵽĿġңƺͬˡ˵ţǹһ˿Ц


һ ϸ¶
СҲһθƻһһӣֻһ죬һȻҵϣǡˮʬ塣
СףǣһС׽⡮ˮֽӿռ֮зųɵЩɻ
Сȴǲַ̧ųһɷ׻䵽ǻˮϣһǻ˲ʹ󣬽Ӵʬ
һһ֣ͷϧϾᵤһǱȡòʮǲܣʵЩϧС׳֣Ҳ˵ʲôֻĿСȥ
طѪ
Сһһǻ֮УˮʬѸټЧϢʱСһ룬ٹʮϢͱֻȭͷСȥֻʣºںһţСһöӡ
̧һУӷСУͬʱĺڻɢȥһöӨ͸Żӳ֣һˮӰһ֣ǡɡ
У
ſһ֮ǡˮӰ˳һ뱻ССУС׸ǽζ죬Ʒζζһ㡣
һͿȳ˵һ㣬ˡ
㣡
Сֽ˹һ㶼⡣һУֻԼŵľһͷˮСǰˮͬҲһճôһöӵ
˿տҲġ⡯һЦСף߰ɣӦûЩϷԿһأ
֮Уʱҳһ飬еӶһ׷׿ʼѰνļϸֻѰңȴûҵ
ڴʱʮͲͬۼڡ֮Уһλȥʮ־ɵߵȿڡ
λǱִºͳϣ˴ڳϷδ˱Ѫصأӡǣ֪ܣʶżλǰΪץǼϸȻҪ֤ҵ֮вûмϸλԼƣų֤ɣ
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⻰˶΢΢ԾһĶȡʼָѪϡһƮ𣬼ХǺ졣
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ޣ֪˭Ǽϸ˵
ǣ֮У˱׼ʦܣʦɫҴңƽɫ£Ǽϸˣ
ԭãһΪûΪû뵽ȻãϺǴʵ˹ˣô֤ϳϵ˵ͷִµʱȴ͸һ˿â
ϳϣȻ֪λҪʱ֤˿ô죡Ϻæ
ߣϺ˵Ǽϸȴһ֮ʣû֤ȷ֮ǰ˭Ѳɣ֤򱾳Ͼͽ㵱ϸץ˵ţϳϿǰһƵļ
ããȻϳϷҪ˷ʱ䣬֤ˣϺڱϳϵ֮£̧ȡƣָҪѪ档
ʱһӶϴӦȥһˮը̹һҽдԱߴٿȥϺὣԱһִµš
СģǼϸץסϺ񣡡ϳλ֪æиȳȥ֪һѪɫ䵶Ϻն˹ȥ
Ϻȴǲܣ΢΢һЦսԭأλĳȥҲ
䣬Ѫɫ䵶պնϺţϳɫȴʮѿΪһҲûնеʵУȻˮϺ񵱳һˮһء
ʲôֶΣԣ۷׷
ϳϴһȳ׷ȥ׷ſڣպüһ⻪εض𣬳ȥҳɣ׷׷ȥ
ʱһڽӺںļִ³һϸȥ˿ڵԭʦܣʦãǰǸǻ뱾ŵļϸǰϸû뵽ϳʶƣαоӢȻӲˡ
νʦܲһ˭ˣû뵽淢ЩۣǡͬˡҲ֪ĿԼвأں˵Ȼ˶ûзֵʵ˵˳
ϧǣȻʵһԵԭȴ˻ԣԼΪܱɵĶ
Ҳ˵ϸٶȻȴҲȺǼڳϲһڿҪ׷ʱ򣬺ըһĵĸͬķȥ


һ ͻȻˮ
һУ˶һֻǱϳϴ󺰵ֳĶӣ֮ٷѶ
ԣѰԼΪܵһ׷ȥ
һĵ⣬С׵ôβ֮ΪƣһΪģѵβ֮
СײмС۷ˣܹԻ۾ʶȴܶʶҲͨһ˵Ҳܿʵ
һ⻰ҲֻС˵Ӧ飬ͷһתͨĵɫͬʱУʱһ޶ϸһ֮һȴǿһ
ĵ֮Уˮ⣬Һ仯һ㣬ֻһʵʵڣиܿ
ãһҾ׷һЦһ϶һ׷ȥ
һ·׷һϣһִ¡ǳϽ⵹ͦ죬׷ɫ棬ۼҪ׷ϣȴһը촫ǵɫٴλĵҪɢȥ
ӲˣϷɻɱ̡
ǳ׼һץһƤ«һ֣ù̷˳ЩٶȲطɽٶֳĹɳĵȥ
ը죬ĵ֮ʱըֻʣһ֮УȻһڡ
øϸȻҴ뱾ţкξ⣬˵ǳ«㽫Ǻͬ⳯Լһģʤһ㡣
ߣ̲ǧ㣬أ
֮дһȣһˮ˳һ壬ȻҲá
ҳǿϷɲˣɱɱɱɱɱɱɱɱ
һɱÿһɱ֮бŤһ£һͷǵӰЩӰãһûһɻɱ̡֮еꡣһ֮ƶͷ꣬ҲɼҲر֮
ͷҲֱӳɫ˹ȥݣצ˺ǽһˮܿ㽫ˮƿӣԳ᧿Σ
仯ǧǧ֮նɱȣ
һǰԵԵɫ֮дһ˿һĳ˳ͷǴ˹ȥͷȻϾſˮצǵĽ
һҽдһͷǾȻУ𣬽ǵڶͷͷʮͷǾɱҲ˲٣ǳֻ˱æеһϣϸץ
˵æǣ潫ǽΧҪֵʱ򣬱һԴƤŮЦû뵽ж۸һŮӻ˵Ǽ֣ǲ֪ߣ
䣬ǽɢ¶һСŮӣʮᣬƺֻʮ˶ʱȻһҲû뵽˼һŮӡ
λϳأͷĺƤ«صĺһѾͷһ뱾ţǹԹһȥ˵ûԱһ򡭡ߣ
ŮһһͷϲߣŲȥء
ѽѽѽøŮϣҽ£ͻԾͷ֪ϵ߳ŭҪٴγ֡
ߣ˵Ůҿ˲ǣһɵߣƫƫҪħ˵˻׼ȷ˵ħ˲Ŷԣ
ʲôŮ֪Щʲôһͣæʵ
֪ʲôʲô֪ǲͶħŰһ¶תħЩҶ֪оǣǺʲôҲ֪ߺߣ˰ɣŮһЦ˫ֲҫ˵
⻰ǳɫ˼֣˵ͷãøŮû뵽㾹Ȼ֪ŵܣˣִµֶΣ׽ŮۣйߣϷΪ֮ͣλ
⻰һ֮⣬ִ¶ۺ˵Ϻִ¶Ǹ߲㣬ϾݲΪܹܵĴȻִºϲ٣αһûǰ
׽Ů
׽Ů
һߺͬʱŮ˹ȥڹ⣬Ѫ⣬ڹ⣬ħֶΣֶΣȻⶼħĳɹ
˶֣ŮǺ⣬΢΢һЦͷһһһΣݵıУʽҪ֡
ʱһҽдƮһѪɫ䡣ӦͷȥһλεĳӺǰ嵽ǳϵĸ


һ ͬͬ
ͻأһĻˣͬŮԭأλһŭĿǰˣ˲һִ˭ˡ
㣬ΪʲôҪ㲻ͬǰ
һٺһЦֽջأٴνѪŵ˵Ĳȷʵͬ
ţΪʲôҪסһɻĿһ
ǺǣȻͬȴû˵Ҳ˵ļϸ˵䣬һ̧һĨʱԭ
⻰ݣǳϺִλ֪ԵʣŮһЦֹû뵽һ¾Ͳˣš
ߣϸû뵽һʱ֮侹ȻϸãõúܣΪܶԸôѪħѪԪ
Ͽһ˫۶ʱͨ죬һɢѪҺȻУ׳һƿһָը˿һŨѪɢЩѪҺǰԼѪһ㣬ȥˡ
Ǹ˭Сһ㰡ϲʩչħֶΣѪָƣǲֱɱƶ˵õġŮȱ仯Ȼһѡ
ǺǣԭˣѪԪħֶҲЩأضСаֵһᣬλʦ÷ıˣ
һػŮΪ죬ͷ߷ߵû뵽ȻбȱӻҪˣҡʦá˭ʦã˿ͷҾʱ򡣡
һ֪Ůͷ뷨˸ܶ롣ִµػ£ѪҺɣǳϵƹȻѸٻָѪҺϣϸǳһ˿Σﻹǰ˵ӡֻ࣬ﵽжģħжٺ֢ǾͲ֪ˡ
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һ£ִȺһһѪɫɫ˳ħѪħڳϵĴ֮£ʩչħħ㳯һŮɱ˹
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һ΢΢һЦôʦҪô
һʦáŮһˣǸڵľͽˣһ䣬ֳǷĳ˳ȥ˳Ϻһִµӡ
һִ»ҪУΧŮһˣһҡҡͷһţʱ𽣹ȥ
ڽһͬǰȥľУֻڻ֮ʱ֪һĴڣ˵ԵУ֮Ŷˡ
еûʹħֻƾһħ֮䣬һȳĺڹһֶֹ׷һĶݹ⣬ʶڹⶼ䵽ճûһһ
ڹħڹۻһУ
֣żֱ㽫ǿֶʩչʱһĺڹһƬͬ޵һ¡
һֶΣȻٶܹӳȥֻҲԸӶݣٺһЦϷ󶯣һ׹ϼһӥХĽһԴ׹ֱӴӳϳڹȥ
֮ħ
ڹǵأ׹ȴֻһۣμ穡һ˳Ծĳˡ
һ׹ײںڹ֮ϣһ㣬ûһ谭Уһ죬дڹȻըһƬ޵
ôܣ⡮ڹħħ洫Բô򵥱ȥ
㶵ĿһУ֪һһвǼ򵥵Ľ׹⣬תһϽϢ׹⽣ʺħ֮
һħȴҲֻҪ˵ħ洫¾ͲһЩ֮ҲеȹֶΰˡôбֶôûУҿҪˣһ֮΢΢һЦ
⻰Ǿֻǵ֮ȴǳɱһ˿ȴ뷨ӿͷ뵽һĽ֮٣ȴ֪ԼҲӲġ
ͷһͷ˶ŶݺݵĴȵڹ⣬ħ
һ䣬ǺڹֻǴʱڹȴǰͬоȻһħһһ˹
СҾ֮һһһϸС׹̽ɳÿһ̽ûһħת۾ͽЩħ˸ɾ
ڴʱйһЦ̧һףһ⻪ȥһһ۱㿴ʲôü


һ Ѫ֮
ûͳȥеһЦҲϾ͵ϸ͵ɣ
һᡮŶһ˵ͷϣһôһָһԼ׷ȥڻµͬʱһ촫ǵûܷɳʮɱ㱻Уɢ
һĻеЦݶʱӲѾһĽٹƵʮֿˣŹֶڻûųȣǴɱ
ѵⲻôһǹ𣬵Ȼ
ߣ㽫ȥֻҪǼٵӰӣȻ׷ʱڽӣȻԾȴ֪¶ӣǿӲ˵
˵úãҲˣлңһЦݴһ˿ζ
ʲôͷӿһ˿õĸо
лѣȻЩ߹ҲںһЩ鷳ǺõģΪ˸л㣬͸һʹɣ
һ٩٩̸ǾԼͷҾŭ˫ǰһϣһšڹ⡯ӿһ˹㣡
Ǻǣû˭Ҳû˭ֻң˲ҵĶ֣㲻òˣһںڹ⣬ĶݣǺڹһߡ˻˵꣬ζȻһתʧԭأһ̾ͳھǰɲĵط

ͷѣۡڹ⡯⣬æһھѪҪǿڹ
һжֻͽͣһСɵʿ˵ħ֮ʵӲ٣ȴɱȲѰŴɵӣ˵һˡ
ֻһǰֱ󣬶ʲôѵżѪɫƮ죬һȴҲĻŵ˲ӭϨ

ʶԼϷһУͷȥһָĽ۳λϣѪҺھ罦֮󣬲ſʼҽеͬʱȫ糱ˮһȥֱӳ·ȥ
ٺ٣˵ûأһЦһֱ̧㽫ʬֽӿռ֮ȥˡ
һҽȻһԶŮһһִ£ֻþĳȴûмһǾ޵һʶɻ𺳡
˵ľŭӲͬŮһҲ˼ֹʣɻͬʱȴɵ뵽ףԭҲЩ£֮
һԹۣ׼æŮȴ죬ҲǰԼҪԶԸ˵˵æеǸ˭æ
һԹɻţλʦѵҪҰæô
һһʣŮһӾȻСŮһʶѵͲ±˿ô
һ붺һСû뵽ԷȻŮ֮ѹԼ˵ɵ˲̫Ů֮𣬵⻰˵ҲٶһЦֽȥ
˼һսţ˶ԸŮֻܳƽһȻֻдܿĽ֡
߾ϷħϴһƾҪʩչʲôǿֶΣһȴһֱԼԱִµӵϣһͣܶ
ųϣ㵽ҪʲôкȪĵͷţæߺ
ȪΪִµӣξΪһιװɣѪұɣųһЦ͵עһѪȪڣһ㽫һ׹ԼתҪܡ
ãħԱ֮СİŮȻҲû뵽ǰֶԵеת۾֣һֶΣͷɵһš
ָң
Ůһһʱֻ֮򵥵ĸȴǳһΣ˵ͷ㽫ֵݸһ
⣬˫
һһ׹ʱ˰˷ǱʩԱĺȪȥ
Ҫʲôһ̣ŮžѹﻹܹѵĿֻԼǱըġ
ʩչѪĺȪ͵һţһ㣬ʱҪըʱһĽ֮߶һϢһȻըһȻıը֮˷ǽݵĽڱը֮ǰɵĵط
֮򣬸ҵס
ٵεɳһ㵲⽣뱬ը֮֮䣬Ȼʮ֮һϢʱ䡣
ʮ֮һϢʱ䣬⽫ը֮˦ԾٶȳǱӵų׷ȥ

ųϱΪһּ㲻ɱ˶ˣҲܹ赲һ㹻ԼˣתһǽԶԼٶ׷һ֪Ϊʲôһ̵ʱ䶼ֲˡ


һ 
죬̫ˣ
ųϴһͷֻһ׹⽣촦֪ˡ
֮ϣһһŮһֵһӣ㽫ųϵʬ
㣬㵽ʲôˣ
һУЩƤŮæһ֣Դһ˿־塣ʿҲû¶ȱ飬һʱȴ˿־ĸо
һ״һааЦʦڲҵѵô
㣡ҪʲôŮæ˺ɣ˳Сʵ
һҲ֪Цÿʲô̶ȣ˻ɵЦݣ΢΢һЦʦһ֡貨׾ʹõĳ뻯
ʲô㾹Ȼ֪貨׾
ǺǣҲ֪貨׾֪ʦ貨ţӦòͰɣ
㣬ôʲô֪㵽ʲôݣһɵʦ֣Ůһ仰ɵ̽
һҲַ̧ųһһŤԳֲⶫȻһͷħ
Ҫʲôһ֣Ů˺
Ǻǣʦɵÿˣ˵䣬һӡһģһɫӡǷɳһ㽫ǸոͷųûüҫħһöָͷСС
ħӡڣŮ֪һԾͬʱ䱸Ҳٴ롣
ɽӣһʦմ
ڵӣɽģǾǽˡѹ˽ףԣԣ׸ʦҲн޵ģԶԶˣѵڵôֻߡ
ŮֹһһԼƤ˶ľһ򸣣ʦ֣С貨ŵӣ̣С̶һ磬㻽̶ˣ˵ţ̳һգգۣһЦԵʮɰ
һû뵽⼧죬ͷȴҲ̣ǻӢӼ軨ֻһ֣ѵǻЩϵɡ
ȻЩ˽һҲʣҲĽһ̶滹ǲ׷˴Ҳ̸ĵضȥһطٺúһΣ
̹ɵĵ˵ͷһ硱㽫С˹
һ״һ㶣˼һЦҲԼϣ֮ȫ˲ʧԭء
ڶ뿪ʮϢʱʮȺͣڴ˴ſǻûȫɢȥģѪ֮µѪ
ǡѪ֮ʩ֮ӦǱŵӻǳϲǣΪʲôͲˣ˭˴ϳüͷһ壬ʵ
վǰҲȺһϢܶ࿴ʲô˵ˣҲûʲôô
ǰųϺִµӣ׷ǼϸӦòʲô⣬ȻƵʩչѪ֮ѵмʲô⣬ųϺִµӵȥʲôطˣ
ϳ˼ʱ򣬺һݹ˹ԳΣǶڽ
Ҫȴڳϻֵæǰϳϣ⵽׷ʲô£׷ϸôôųϺִµӵıƶˣ
ʲô
⻰ڳһǱΪʩչѪ֮ʲô˶ֵܵٲҲҪû뵽ֻһ
ڳִµ˭
˭кͺȪִˣôʲôô
ãŻϸֹһһųϺִµӶȻǱ⹴ɱˣϳϺܿó
ʲôϸȻ飬Ǽϸأѵˣڽæʵ
ϳɫʮѿصص˵ͷ
ڽɫƬ̣ŵˣ²ܹˣѾ˱չ֮еʹϣӦþҪˣ¾ɣڴڼ䣬úٻӣһٻϸ
ڽӦŵٲ׷һ뼧̣һ̵ĻصǷȥˡ
ȴ˵ǲɽǰһԳһͼ̶ˡ
ף磬ǣ
Ǻǣ˼һʦʱŵĵطʦ򣬰ȫĺܣǲǲǰ
˵䣬һ̧һһƾճ֣ڹϵ㻭ϱԳһŻ
󷨣ԭˣû뵽ǻﲼ󷨣ͦһЦҲֱӳȥ


 Ǳ
˼ɽСסĴ㣬ʶͱһٶһʯң˼׵ʯʯʡ
ٵʯұ󡯻ûԼҲ֪һо󷨣Ҳšͬ˯棬ȻǱʩַҲȥܡ
뵽Լʯ֮У˱£һҲȡЩ̼ЩƤһЦҲȡԣʲôӡ
һ̳ԵýζҲԼȡ˼ü̳Եˣ΢΢һЦڵ̶ʦã貨Ӧڼ̲֮ϣ˵ǧ֮ңΪζһ˴ǻʲô֮ȥأ
̶̶ʲôʦá
죬һЦ̶Ҫ磬ڵפҲڴ˴ΪʲôҪأͬҪССĲ
һʣҲһ˵رԴפأԴ֮ҵɴΪѲӣʲô׵ǰñɳһλʦǰû뵽ȴڴˣʶɳҵȳ̽Ѱɱߣ̽ѰǷʲô춯
棬һŮƺԶҲǲʲôҰһ㣬ָܿһЦȻ֪˵ҵɴΪѲӣ֪һԪں֮һɰ
ѵ貨ţ
ʦֲ¶̵Цƺʲô佱һ㡣
ޣ̶ֻʦΪһ˵ִĵһ㶼ǽ𵤵ӣ̵ΪֻڣͲʺϣŸ죬ڨڨһЦĻ˻
ߣ羹ȻСңǰһûнʵȫʩչЩﻹֶԸң죬Щ
̶ʦ˵ǣĲ˵ƾǱɽ㹻Ըˣ
ף㾹Ȼ֪Ƿ̳һͷϽȡһ㻯λεĳ
̶ʦÿɷҿ
ţֱ̧ݸһ˿ûԼķ
һץУҪעȴоһɷ֪ɽӡǵԭ򡣲Ҳ⣬һһĽУʱӡǵķ
ˣ
һһ̧նһһԴˮĽ棬һѷ
ⲢûʩչгĿӣһΪĵ˵ͷͬȵ£ʹܹгɺͲˣɽû±гȳɼˡ
Ҫ˵һ⣬ǼǳԾһСŵôģ뵽ԼķɽȻ򵥾ܱʹ
ƷʮĵƣˮԽʮʺ貨ŵˮйһͷһתתɽҲ˽⡣
⻰תһ˿æʵʦôʹҵ̲һ֪ôϸ
һȻ֪СѾͷͷĹ˼ǺһЦʦǽޣڽȻ˽̶ʦһϼѷ˸еأʦҲܳ谮ɣ
̿һϵЦݣֻԼͷܺݶһ㣬һطɽæȻˣôܱ˴أ
һ֮⣬ȴҲûھ˼תȻʦѲӵģǲ֪Ϊξȥǲ
һѯ⣬ͷһһЦ̶ҵıҪ֪ұˡʵΡ
̿ڳʮҲ֪ǷͼӴףʹ˴ʷ㽫˵˸
ԭһӺٻе֪ϢͬżȻ֮ײϺҲӡʱϺ䵥Ҫֶ뵽ײɣᵽ壬̴ð齻һЩ
ѾͷȻΨ²ңͶħŵʮָȤʩչ貨ŵġ貨׾ûϺڲȥ̽鵽ܣʹ뿪ʱȴΪСı֣˲顣
һ֮󣬸ĲԵģ⼧СС;Ȼ󣬱ԼСţҲд˵顣
ˣ̶ʦõʲôϢɷ˵˵ô뱾ʦйأһڿҲ¶ԭ򣬱Ͼǰ·ҲûҪ˷ʱߣοּϸһ£̽ϽҪ̽Ϣ͸Ϊˡ


һ 
һ󣬼һתü磬飬ʵҲûʲôֻҪ̶֪ҿ踺أǧղŵõЩõϢǾ򵥵ľ˵¡
һЦһ̶һʱĽӴȻûСѾͷݣ龫ֵӺ͵ĵȴ͸ˡ⻰λ֪Щʲô⡣
̶ʦ˵ĵҲǣֻǲ֪ҪأɲҪʨӴ󿪿Ŷ
̼һӦһЦģ̶ĿӣС죬ôſءϢֵ٣̶һɣ㿴У
żһգһգ˫ۣһֻÿЦ˵ͷһ룬ȴǴӻͳ糤̣ɫ쵵Сͬʱͷһ̧һӣֹ⽣С֮Уŵݸ˼̡
СȻֻƷһȴҲֵˡͱ£ɫޣСɿɰ뼧бղ
̺ùһŵ磬Щô÷㷽ʩչʲôֶأ
Ȼ貨ŵӣһҲԼ˽ӵԵ鱩¶΢΢һЦһף̶ʦˮй³ˮкͽж֮⣬òϣʶעһ
죿ѵһת֣͸ˡɲҪƭ̶ҿɲţ
һһЦǲڣο̲ôֻкһַ֮һԺΣգ̶ʦԽ֮׳ȥӦòȽѪĲ
һ㶣ϺϲǣڳʲôôƯըģ̫ϧˡ
һȻʧЦ˵ƷɽҲۺߣҲûõʱ򻹹˼ô⻰ɵɻŮӵ뷨ӹȻͬ
ˣˣֻҪ̶Σվͺˣⱦܱͨˣ̧ͷһ¶һõЦݣ̶лˣƷѣ̶ǲ˼أ
һЦһ˰ֵ££ֻҪ̶ʦϢãǾһжֵˣ
ţʦַģһֵģץס̽Сһֲͷ֮Уһĵӣ˼
ڴʱһ洫һ˹ȥЦӦʦֳˣ
ʦ֣磬λʦҲɽһô
ǣ⵹ǣʦǾŹɽľӢӣ˼󷨶õġ
Źɽɫ΢΢һ䣬ʲôõ
Ǻǣʦǻˣ֪̽鵽ʲôûаһ˵ţһߴֵı˽
ʦ㵹ǹİȣʦҿʱ˾ͽʦ֣СҸ״һٻˣҲȤ˵ЦҲ˽ܵʦ㿴λ貨ŵļ̼ʦáʦãǾŹɽʦ֡
貨ţ̣üͷ΢壬˹ȥʱһָẕ̇Ҫ˵ʲô
Ǽ̱ٿһһˣ㲻ܲˣһֻ֪󷨣󷨣ѵĶûôߣʱգ㻹Ҽң˵˵㻹ʲôĿң
ǹɨһͨ˵ƿԣϾȻԳһ˿֮ɫβŵǸô
仰һǰߵǰõúܣǰûɹᵤ洫ӣ㿴㣬󷨣Ϊ治֪ôˣߣ
ᵤˣҲãҲð±ǱʣܹᵤҲҡңҶԲˣ˵ţƺĵ¶һ˿˵Ȼ
һҲ֪ô£ͻȻͷһҲ֪ð˭źáϸƺоɵҡͷϾѶϼ£͸˵ˡ
̱ʲôٵɫƺŭ˼֣ǰ촫ߣձͷŹ㣬ҵݲ磬򡭡
ǳʲô棬Ҳ𻰣ֻ΢΢˵ͷˡ
ͷ԰֪ǼȥԼοɾ׽Ҵתͷһ磬Щ̽Ķ貨ӡǣﶼ֪ٵģղǡɣ̶ˣʦֱأټ
һӹ׹ĶȻڿȥСѾͷͷҲصĳȥһХȻȥˡ


 ɱȥ
һ仯ͻȻһҲ֪׷ǲ׷һɫԭأȻм䵽ЩʲôչգҲζԼܹԸġ
λʦõΪ龫֣»ǲ鷳Ȼз˵ûֶΣѰûˣһȽ˲ǡ
һھȥ׷üģʱһѶϢԺȻһЩֺͻ˵⼧ʦġ֮һüͷɫҲһס
ʦ֣˴ο鷳ˣ
⻰Ҳתʵʦܣô£
һҲ˵ֽ׸١ٿ֮ɫҲһ䣬ħڣħţħŶθ˷룬ôһ£
һüҡͷħڵĺٻӦòһ֮ħħڣλʦãͲ֪̽Ƿȷˡˣʦ֣ƺʶ֪
ٺ˵Ļæҡͷʦܣ㲻ңֻܸ˵ѾͷȻƤϢȴʮа˾Ŷģħˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊ϶һҲûбҪƭԼͷһת²˵ʦ˵棬ħŮҲͼΪ˽ħŵĵϣҲ˵ħڵĲãҲ˵ͨˡ
ٵ˵ͷʵʦ²ˣֻħڼȻ˵ȵطҲвõģһǣħţʮ鷳ˣ
һ֮󣬼̷˾ͽ˸ĴѶǶˣ򾲾ĵȴڵҹһХ֮ϲ˾ͽ˭ˡ
һٶæӭȥԼ֮󣬱ӭɽ
ʦܣʦܣ˴Ѷ˵ʵ˾ͽһ˵
һ˵ͷ˽ݹȥһ֣ʬ˳ǻŵͬ
˾ͽ˿һУȽ꣬ſʬ壬Լѯͬһ˾ͽɫҲѿ˼֣ٵ貨ŵӿǼ̣
ٺԥĵ˵ͷǼ̡
ãȻѾͷǾͲˣ˾ͽɫ̧֮ų˷ȥֿһң
ҲͷЩʲôصԼңٴβ󷨣һһһһĻԾûȤҲȥȥˡ
֮֮䣬½½е˴ĵϢ֮Ҳ׷ѧ˾ͽȥˣ֪һ˵룬Ƕհ
峿˻ʱ򣬸еһϬŷ׷תѡϣ˾ͽ
λʦ̽ǲħŹᣬȻͶħš⣬ħڵצҲ쵽Ȼ֪ħ֮뱾Ԭʦ֮ǷйϵħڵļΣλʦܱһͬɨƽץħצ
˾ͽһ򵥵һûиоһʹͨĺۼ˶ֻоšʮֵġš˾ͽ˵ţ˶
ʦܣ·ɣ
ǣ
һ˵ͷȰν𣬳ȥ˾ͽ˵˽һо˱㳯פضȥ
û㣬һָָͣ·Ľ򵥽ܵ˾ͽʦ֣ǲפأΪ뼧ʦһڣڷΪˣ˵ڱչصλ𵤸Ҳˡ
˾ͽֻǼ򵥵ĵ˵ͷ޹˼ɵİϽ𵤸ֵϢ˳ȥһʱ֮䣬Ĳפػȹһһ˴ӷ֮˳ܹľҪ
ߣ
˾ͽһЩˣ׷ȥЩٶǱٹڵʿȻܲѹȣܣҡҡληɵֻ⡣ǰڽϺͱϳϡ
²ڽһͬҲкιɣųϢѵСҲҪսôڽȻ֪ǰǽ𵤸֣ȻҲҿ˵Ҳ֪ƽʱϼ޻׳ʲôӷһء
ɵɾȻͶħţ㻹ʲôҵȳͬСȥܹ֮µ˽гڽձССħţһХ𵤵æͬһɽϢųСɳϴȵ


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ڽͷ֣Ϊֻһ𵤸ִżʿͷһҲ¡һʿ֣ɫǰ˼֣áڡ֣ʱһŵúβ£
꣬Ĵɵʮġڣɨħ֣Ҳ֪жħڵĴ֮£ֻһССģͶħŵɣк̨ڣȴҲӲ
Ҫһתصʱ򣬺һԺõһͷһϢͷϲѣȴεʮֺã˿
Ŷԭڵĸλѣ֪λ˼˺ƭȻ˵ͶħŵǿǴԩŲȻССɣȴҲɵͳôλ찡
ڽһίǻҪΪԩһ˾ͽΪף϶ǱͶħţ˭Ҳ˿ɣǴŵӵǺ־ᶨڣҡ
ߣ׽Ͷħű֤ȷ䣬ҽƱ磬ѵΪҵȾͲҳôǶХӽϼһƾҪ֡
ʦܣαżأһ˷ųϢɽϽһ˾ͽ˶ĵӣ
ʦܣȻλ˵ûͶħţҵΪȻҪһĻᣬݲ£ħˡ
⻰ǶХҲΪ˵ͷ
λѣȻ˵ûͶħţǻ뽫гҷһûд£ҵȾʹȥΣ
ڽȻԾһ𵤸֣Ҳǰһ£Ϊ֮ɫʹ϶ڱչ֮УҪ棬ȴǵͨǸλͬǵҪһ뵽Ϣһ
⻰ҲҾ˿˾ͽˡ˾ͽɫĿڽһۡڽֻһ۽Լͷйⶼ͸ҶԷһ֮У·ǾµߣԼֻһ㣬һžܹ
˵˭˵ֻнΪôôҵĸоԪӤ˻ǿܣ𵤾ǽ𵤣ôܱȵԪӤˡֻҪƭУ⣬ʱ򼴱㲻ֵܷһöħҲԷֵһľ˵Ҳͻƽأ
ν涯ģΪΪʳһڽҲΪһκûգֻյܲܳɹɾͲˡ
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˾ͽ˵˵һ֣ȱ㳯·ȥ˼״Ҳ׷׸ȥ
ڽͷϲһڵ֮һ˲ûжȻϷŹһˣæЦǰλѣ֪Ϊβλͬһͬȥ
˲ˣһĿڳһۣתͷΧֻǾɽˮ羰ΪҪ࿴۰ˣǲͷڳϷˡ˵꣬һ˲ȥ
һһȻ˵ڽЩͷԣһҲȥͷ󶨣ʹ˸ɫȥ֮Լһ˸ȥ
ڽһĿģ쵽´֮ϣĵķֻ֪ͨʹϣ˰ס
Ȼû̫ãɽһϢ㴫˽ùЦһӺһһǰһ˽ӷ׷װݵˡݼݼϡ˵˱ǲִŻˡ
ö˽˾ͽΪ׵˼ûСʹȴһ㶼⣬һЦ˼
˵λͬڵӣλǰҲ԰˲֣λǱŴϷλ
һ˾ͽڿڵҵǰͼҲȻɳ˵ûд£֤һ
˾ͽ˿ڱǵֱ룬ûһأһ㶣ЦҪ֤ѵҪŵһһõѲ̽ô
˾ͽҡҡͷ⵹ǲãֻҪҼһ±ԣ
ʲôڳвӷ׷׾һ˾ͽ˵ʮַŭ
˵ЦˣλѲ鱾еطħźۼһ·ǣ
˾ͽһЦȻͬ⣬Ǿͽһô°ɣ˵䣬Ŷ׳ʬ壬Լ󸿵òܶ


 ɱһ
ңɱųǣȻѯʹȴ֪˾ͽ˵˵ݣͻȻصУڳΪܹþȣæе
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼܹ޳ɽ𵤣ִһŻȻҲ˾һǺһЦ֪ΪץסŵӣѵڵĶԴͬķô
áڡ֣ǻҪզʱһ㶣æҲҴ󺰣ֻĿϵˡ
»ùɽ̵ͬѣҵȻԴħˣﻹ棬˼ȻӣϵħŹĶˣһаֶΣԳ֪ܡ
Хڱָˣֺʱ˵˾ͽˣҲûһ֣ͬȻҲҪһظ
⻰ʮֳԾӣһʶųڶһɨһô󵨣ұʦţħŹҽձŻ
˵֮䣬һͽҪɱһ޶֤˾ͽ˵ڳ֣һɷ׽˾ͽϷɳֱӽͽ顣
ףڵĵѣʲô˳ħŻΪҪأֹĿ˾ͽ˵
ߣħҿҪɱڡȰϷǲҪǰݵĺáʵ˵ұ⵹ôһСɣϾħɶԼѡֻҪ캦ұҲԲᡣֻҪ㽫˽ηŹҲδɣ򡭡
˾ͽ˻֮оȻϽÿһ䶼ʮڳ˶Уһڵ֮ϣ󡮷򡯶֣Ȼû˵꣬ȴǱ֮ǰ䶼Ũʮ֣̺һԵıٹڵӷ׷³һѪ
ЩٹڵӶתħһûоħѰûܿҲѡ̺һԵԭ򡣵˾ͽýˣһѪԳͬһ˿˿ħϢﻹڵס
⣡ָо˾ͽϵĽ⣬ͷȽһյó˵ԼһһԼ¶λڵӵĶ֡ڳԾͬʱҲɵò²˾ͽ˵β²ҲӢĽ²⣬ϾǵݷͬѰԪӤ˻ѵһ
Ҫһӣ׼óֵʱһЦ洫û뵽ڱôȻ֪ħų֣ãȻץϷ򡣽յҪǵһ߻ħһˣ
⻰ǡħš֣̾һ϶ֻȴûһ㺦µ˼
ǲ𵤣ɫϲҲ˲Ҫȥ
Ӳˣ
˾ͽһָһ㣬νͬʱնӵļˡۼ⽣նУ³𵤸֣˾
٣Ӳӵ˻ÿϷģ
Цٴδڹ룬νײһ𡣺ڹڣҪ飬⽣˾ͽ˷Ȼƥ͵һնͽڹ롣
һƺߣǼڹ⾹ȻȻըһըʮͣȴǼûкȻ֮Ҳûǿıը֮˳Ծǣը֮ǼνȻ׷ը顣
ţ
˾ͽ˳һȴûٳֵ˼ֻԴƺɵʲôͬʱҲѾˡ
Хֱӳʹ϶ˣӺһȥֱѰĸλִɱȥΨһûֵı٣˫Ŀգڸоʲô

һҽдǱ𵤹λϣҲΪǼִµӣǶ֮£֮ϣΪڶϵڽĶҲˣһ
˾ͽ˳ֱ߽֮æ֡һһ֡⽣׹⣬ٶȾȻѷɫХλ𵤵ӣһֱڽ
ڽһڣͷϲͬʱȴҲԸΪɥϡתֶΣҲһһľҪ¡֪һĽǶġ⽣۽ٻǶĴڡ
ƴֵ»ܹഭϢһҪܣȴӵù⽣ݡʮɵĵطһڳԾʱֻܻæֵܹסע˽˫
һҽУλϱʹˡ˴βһۣһɱһˡ


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һҽУɫʱɷףһĸоڵвͬеĳԾеȴûһ˼ʡ
ʦܺɱڣһͽˣ
٣ǿûпɴȣʦҲһ㽫ͬɽĽܳ˾ܣڻǿأ
ˣˣܹɴǰʮľ֣Ϊ֮СɵĵӣǶ֡
ԣʦȷʵ˵ãҲܷˮҪЩħ˼ʶʶڵ
һɱһ˵ļ˷׷׹ȫɱһɱͿͬȼ𣬴ɵӺСɵӵĲ˽Щִɱֲֵǲʹ϶ҡҡ׹һߡ
ȴ˵һҽΪĽûдȥΣҲ֪ˡǰЦЦóҽеϷ˵ҪסǣһȺڵСӾɱˣããϷɱˣǾͲҿˡ
䣬һХӴ⣬ֱӴһڷ硣ڷ֮һͷħħ׷׳˹
úã
ڴʱǵһԵ˾ͽ˴һֱ̧һλεĽ˳ȥһ֮б仯Σצϸȥÿһ뷢ÿһƬƬǽݸλΣʵʣʵĴڡ
СӣΪôһܹԸϷħʺڷ磬ЦϷһٽ˶ɱˣûԪɷڵСǺúưɣ
ħʺڷνǵûȫֵֻֻһǿĶԸνӡ
ߣħͷмˣ飬ն
һ䣬νʱСһⳤ֮һεһ㡣˵˾ͽֵ鱦ն
ʲôն˾ͽ
һüֶΡնƫУ򵥵һնħʺڷ֮ϡǿҫһĺڷ羹Ȼӭжƣû˿ɡЩֻĺڷһ˲Ҳ׷ɢ
˾ͽ˵ֶλˣһһɷޱȵմնϡնٴλȥһž
һ̣˾ͽɫĺλʦܣĺħʱǣסٶ֣նħҵȺѰȥ
ʲôĺħԪӤ˵Ĵڣ⻰˶ɫ΢䡣
ͶǳȥΪʹߴǰԼ䣬˵ܽ뱾ţǶҪֱɱöжףʱȻҪȰ
ߣǾȻĺħͷԷģԣɵŭգһ׵ĽʩչȥݺᣬѹϢûÿգ˵Ȱ
ʱһҽдֻһ׵罣ս֮ϣÿһһֱӳǲɱ˹ȥ⽣ޱȡǰ漸ִû׼һˣ׼ҪĵֵǽȻ죬ݲǵֵվһˡ
ЩϺִ±ͱȲڵӣٱˣﻹһգۣҽУһʹˡ
׵罣ԳɱڽһҲ׼֣澹ȻǵͬԪӤ˵ĺħ֪ٲǲˡ
һնɱڵĳϺִ¡Ҳ֪¼Ȩûв˼һԾԾҪǰæԸڵħͷ
ʦ֣ʦһ֮һѡƢϺõһǰæ
ãʦǣһ£ҲἸ֣ȻȫĵĽһԸ
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һ˼͵Ľ𣬶ʱһ˫ȫһӣ˲ڳ֮ϣһ󽣱㳯ն˹ȥ
С
ǽ𵤸֣ȻƵ᧿ΣȴһôһڵСӳһһѪҪһС
ߣħƣһһȣѪһֱնѪɫ
˵ǽ𵤸ֵԪħŸֵħԪǸ߹ĴڡǰֻҪһײȻǺ߷ֱ˴ȴЩͬһֳԾޱȵĳܿͳǰ
Ѫֱ֮ħѪǴһһаһһײһѪϴʮǿĸʴ֮ոսӴͰ󽣸ʴð߲
ȴ벻ͬ룬Ӧһ涼ʱȻʴΣȴ˿ӡ
Ծѵǣ֮дŵȻ⣬ԼʩչѪб˺ѵĸо


 ˽˿
ѵŵӵʵܣŵĵӣҲڶԿҵġˣ˵ʲôɴǰʮˣҲ˵ڵ֮Ҳǽ֮ܳãǽ֮ܳΣҪ֪֪ڲССܹ⣬ɱһ˵ҲһͣԴʹߴõЩôݣͶħţ
һˣͷһɱʮ̧֣һָüģһϸ΢֮һŨİϱû
֮䣬·߱ȫŰ͹仯ۿɼٶǴĦ֮ţƤû̶̶ּ֮ʱ䣬ⱾмɵĲѵĻħͷһ㡣
ѽ𵤣תħԪڲǽʿӦħڵħͷһͷһһĻ롮ˮ仯ͦģֻһǿѪ֮һǽԪתħԪħԪı
֪Ϊʲô˵ħޱȵˣħԪȻԪͬʵʵڵֻħͷǶԼµֵʮֻϲ
ߣȻԸʶ䣬Ϊħͷҵ֮ʿԵնħħͷɣӾȻηħ׳㣬ʩչֶɱ
ΪΪħǿΪħΪǼССʿʲôħ
ָովתħԪȻܹʮתֶǰǿһ֡һԣһѪס˲ֻܼܳһħƳһɱ˹
λʦֵܣһͬɽӵֵǰں󣬴Һħͷ
Ҳ֪ﴫһҲԾİ⹥ڵӲǴɵӣǰɽӽ˺Ȼסһץ̫ɽɽתۼ㽫һǿķʩչ
һʱ֮䣬ħצ֮ǰ⣬ʽɱȻһצе˵ơ
Ϊڲֲ࣬ȫԼһצˣɵٶʩչһצҲ˳
λʦֵܣҼӰʦϾ׼ãħͷ
ңǰɣħ֮ħצ
ħͷոպһҽУڵҲѹһɣ֪Ȼħͷ⣬æ˹ȥֻʮ׹ͻأĳħͷһ࣬͵ĳħͷȥ
ʲô
ʮ󽣣׹󽣣⽣ʮù⾳ʦܵľУ
ԭΪ˴ħԪ߶ѪܹһסҪ⼸ȥԸ뵽һöԸģĵһ˲ʩչɱﵣʮùľʩչ
ʮ׹֮й˽ۣѾԪ˶١׹֮г֮ǽ׵ϢħһʩչȻѪ˺ƣնɱ
˵նɱļΪʵޱȡոձħûȫǿȴͬˣǱʮնУǲҲҪһƤ
ʮնУæջħצʮӲƴһǡһ֮£ǰĲ٣ȴǾȥ
ѽѽձˣ
һôһʿƵϣͷıͲˣħ䣬һʱ֮ͷֻնɱһͷ
˭֪һȻվԭأҲǵɱ
ɣ벻ͨΪʲôԺҲݲ̫뷨ֻһɱ졣
ߣ㣡
һһʱ֮䣬ΣյϢǱħ񾭣ʲô˫צһˣҪʩչʲôֶΡ
һУȴ̫ˣһǵһԵȻ׼һԣ֮⣬ȵñһɱοĵ
ؽ˽˿
һгȻһ㼫ϸĽ˿ֱֶֺӴ˽ȥҪʲôȴͣ
ֻһ֮ͬʱ֮һһ˫ͨ۾ʱɵͬһ㣬һϢ˳ո鵤ħĲȻʹˡ
ʦֽСһԷ˽˿Ϊ۷ûҪת


 ħ
һնɱһħ֣ҲΪ⣬̧һбһ˿˳СϸֱƶȥɼһŽ˵Ǳ˿ˡ
һڳޣӲЦҲ΢΢˵ͷǿ˶ˣʦܵġ⽣Ҳʮָǿǵ˽ڣҲƥС
ʦֹˡһǫЦЦһսʦ֣֪ʦδã
֪һ˼ǻص˾ͽʦߣȥﶡʦܱˡ
⻰һҲǿ󣬷׷׻ص˾ͽߣĵȴš붡Х֣һ˽˿ǿƿϷĻֱֱ֮УһһûħĽ𵤱˳ϷҲ
һۣ߲㼸𣬱µҲֻмǰڵִ£һɣΪɵͶħţΪ±ѭһܣվûϲһĹɣΪԤϴ˵ΣҲ֪᲻ѡ
ʦܣö𵤸ң˾ͽ˸տն롮ĺڡħͷսɫʮ࣬ſڶ
ʿһ˭˳˭˵棬Ҳһ˵˭˵õ˭˾ͽ仰û˿ɣ㽫𵤵˳ȥ
˾ͽ˽ӹ𵤣һһϸСֱӽƿһ۴СĿӣʱһ˿˿ɫħԪƮ˳
ȻҪʩչ鵤ħֶΣռȻ˾ͽУʳɣ
˵ţһĨһöԲĶУϸһȻһöɫڵŻ򣬾Ȼһӻˮõڵ
˾ͽһץһץħ𵤣ʱһԶѰԪϢʩųϢޱȵÿһ˿Ϣһ
ħ;а𣬽ɷ飬ɣ
һһ𵤣Ϣһ࣬ȻҲ֮Ʈںһ
ʦܣ֮һã
һû뵽»Լйأ״ʱĽȣ˿ɣ齣һעУʱһͬŷ׵֮
˾ͽһ΢Ŀһһۣһ׵֮УһöС
һԼ뵽˾ͽ˵뷨æ˺üöҩһ׵֮߶ĸ̶ʱ㽫㹻ʩչΡʮù⡯׵֮ʩųһʩô׵֮һҲЩԲ
ˣ㹻ˣ
˾ͽ˱չһΡʮù⡯׵֮ʱҪͣһ֮п֧֣ûͣ£μȻЩԲźͣ
˾ͽʦ֣ǹô
ˣһ̣˵㻹Ҫȥ죡
ǣ˾ͽʦ֣֪ˡ
ãλʦܣ׼ãҪͻΧˣ
⻰ϳ֮⣬һ־֮⣬ϾԵĲǽڣǡħڵĸ֣ǡĺˡħͷ
νĺڡǽȫħɹе֮н൱ԪӤˡԪӤڣΪĺˡǡĺڡ
⡮ĺˡǼǿһö֮ġʱͳ൱ڡڡĸ֣ͬΪҲ֮ġۡĺˡǡ֮ġħ֮ġҲħڶ󾳽确ħ֮ġ
Ȼн紫ԣа̳ӢĽӶǸ̳ܹԽսĴڣжǿǷܶԸԪӤˡĺħͷ˭Ҳûм顣ʶһսжѣң˭Ҳ֪
֣
˾ͽ˴һ洫һ֮նٶȼĳ˻һԼٶȳ˹˸ߺ
ѽѽѽϷˣϷ˵ҪǣȻȫɱãϷҲҪȫɱ㣬˾ͽˣϷҪ֪ĺˡڵֱ˴Сܹģ
˲˶ħڵġĺڡħ
ħҪ˾ͽ˵ǲ˵Ҳʶʶ𣡡˵䣬˾ͽһָ㽫Ǻ϶Ϊһں֮ĵ賯ħͷ˹ȥ
ʲô𣬿Ϸˣ˵֮䣬Ǻ֮еħһָצһצӱǰֵĲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ߣƥϵˣұɣ
˾ͽһһָһöӺȻըһȻıը֮ħͷ˹ȥ


 ŭ
ʲô
ħһצץҪ˲䣬ȴǸоһɱѵȻԼܹвħ壬һæħצջء
˾ͽ˺ķһöһöһ֮۳ôһöӡģȻ򵥱ʹ֡
Ǳը֮һɣȻһΣħԪ֮˾ͽ˵Ľħ׷ȥһǰơ
ӣʩչֶΣħȻٶȼ죬󷽽֮ҲǲȻ׷š
ߣħͷȻԴСҿڳԣλʦܣһͬͻΧ˾ͽ˴һնٴλΣһȦ˻ڵУҲţֱӺƶǣϷȥ
СϷ򣬿ħħһУ
ħͷ֮׷ļˣһһ죬һӿת˲֮仯һɫ糯ǽξ˹ȥ
ڵĽα˳ɱȥһȻѲãһӱ֮ȥˡ
ʲôħ𵤣úãǴ󲹰ţ֮ߣһ㣡
Ǻɫ͵һȻǽ֮֮˳˽ȥбֻʣһƵ׹һϬĽ͵һתȻҪ׷ɳںҪѵˡ
ʱ˾ͽǹһ˿Цߣħͷ֪˾ͽ˵ĽǺ̲µġؽޱߣ
һ䣬ǱָĽٲеӰ죬ȻǰĽ֮һ㣬еֱӴȥˡ
ţãĽĥãȻĥˣʲôԪ
ħҽһǾȻһ˿ѪξǶԭءܶһ㡣
ߣħˣֶ֪Σ˾ͽһٲħͷ˱ҪѸȥ
ۣӣҪӣ
һХԶԶɼһɫ԰׵ЩаĻ˹̧һ֣һͨ쳹صĺڹ⣬ѹ
ڴʱһ·ϳĬټһڹɫһ䣬æе˾ͽʦ֣һħ\ҫ졯п̻һħ󷨡\ҫ󡯣ƷӽһƷ󷨣ǱסҵȾһ򲻿
ʲô\ҫƷ󷨣˾ͽɫҲ΢΢һ䣬һָնֱӷȥǺڹ⵲ס
úãϷʩչ\ҫһȺСϷģǻУ汻ʱסĺħȻָͷǺɫб˹
ۼþҪ뻢ڣȴѡ˵ӣ𵤵ɫʮѿһûͶ˼һ׼ʹһ֡
ڴʱһһ׵֮Ȼںħͷ֮Уͷһæӡһ⣬֮ħƣ
ơһ֮֮ת׵֮ȻҲһܣը˿
һССףΪܶԸϷȥɣħ˾ͽ˰һˣͷֶٷߺ޲һʼʩæ׼ħԪҼѹҪ׵֮һϵôСһݵġ
һо֮ѹȣͷһܣʱҲ˲÷Źܱ¶̨֮У⣬ע뱴Ҷ棬ͷ䡷ӳ
ںħͷ֮ѹѹҪһһ˲䣬һɫͻأĳУȻסħԪļѹ
ףʲôѵ֮еĴ֮ߣ֮Σ˾ͽܹ͵ϮϷҲͰˣѵһССҲԸϷҲ̫ħˣСȥɣ˵ţǿһħԪȥҪĥһ֡
䣬նͨħͷ
һвӽ̨֮жԱҶļӳ֣һһġ䡷ĽһӦմǶط̶һƪ䡷Ľľ˹ȥǶط
û䡷ȻԪӤħͷȻڡħߡ֮УҶȻļħħɵħȴǲͬͷȻ壬ȴҲӼ򵥣ûбڣǴľ壬Ȼ׶ȻĴڡ
һħŹܹȻ಻ڵġħϱҶǿȻڡıǶ졣Ҳǵûѡ񽫺ٻ˶Ȼԭ
ǺħͷΪǵû֮һɵʱͷһ˿̨֮еͺħŭ𣡡


 
һһͺ̨һ΢ӷķ˳һһ³һϸ΢ģԴ׵ͷЩĲǵһ׷ǵõ֮Ľ
˽һߣһ͵һŤȻۡһȼһɫ档һɫǰЩҶϵĽһ֣ٴθմ˳ȥħ֮ȥˡ
ʱħɻһ㴿֮飬һ˿ȺͱѴħԪ֮дʶһɨȻ澹Ȼһ˴֮Ľɫ档
ɫ֮ײʱ׵ֳ֮һ˿׹ɫħԪ
ôܣǽϢǵ˶ɽٲſռСССôռ⣬浽ʲôôħа죬ȻܹҵħԪСӣЩãϢΣ칦ΣϾ̫ͣϷħ
ħͷһֻʩչһħʱӵ֡Ȼĺħͷһ߳磬һ󾳽磬Ȳ࣬Բǽ֮ͷŹħ޵Ŀֵܹġ
һĶ̨⣬֮ҪǮһ뱴Ҷɲֵܵħǽ֮ͽɫڱѹĥ֮С
ѵҪʹԱֶΣϴſʦڣҶԷֻһѪӣҲŸҷĴ󵨵ʹãˣ˴λ֪жħͷأǾʹˣºܼѡǰƱʮΣǲܽħһħǲһһˡ
˼ͷɿӹһǾҪԱһŽ֮ͽɫ棬ħһ鷳ôһЩ
ŭ֮𣬴ȱ֮𣬼֮ɨףʲô
һҪǽɫͬ䡷֣׵֮ʱ̨֮зƱ仯һûмĽɫĴ̨Ϊĵط˳һӴڵȼһɫ
ɫ濴ħŵħʮƣȴûһаϢͷ̽ȥһֻһɱ֮дƺŭǴģζиоһ˿ȱ
䣡ʲôѵҲһͨ
һû뵽һ̾Ȼһͨȴûʱһͨ¿ʼǽɫ棬úħͷ֮ѹ飬ǱֻԼԿˡ
һٴתͨҪʱһ䡯ֱط֮УǺɫ˷֮ʱȼյøʮ֡бһ˿ϸû˿һմķ˳ȥ
ըһ˲䣬һ˿ɫպôﵽƮɫ֮Уת˲ǽɫȾ˺ɫΪɫһͻȻҪֹôĶˣֻһ߶䱬ը
ħ֪˶꣬β֪һܻһ֣оը֮ʱһЦߣ͵СԱ㴿֮һţϷЩ鷳ǱɢħɴСαըãֻܱ
ȻһһŻʱ˲ŤռǱ󣬱ըȻӴһħԪ֮
¸¸¡Ϸ򲻵ҪĴ֮ҪСħһÿԵħ
ħ̽һħԪǱըӴȥһޱȣǼԹ޵ĳħԪ֮νġħˡħԪһɫ˲䣬һħĳˡ
ǶһڻħԪһӴʱͬͰһ㣬ڻħԪȼϣ͵ĴʮٱûȺħͷعڻ㻯ִС
ʲô棬ϷûмѵҲħʲôħôרŶԸħŹ졣ãȻˣϷ˵оʲôʱħħ֮еλҲߡ
ħתŭΪϲϾǺڻȼħԪٶ죬ħڻոʮҲġҪӴһźڻʱֻáۡһ죬ǺڻȻͻأʧ
ħοϸģħʮʮʱ֮ʮֹǺڻħԪ
ϷȡĻɣã
ħҪȡһźɫʱһɱը֮ӻ澹Ȼħȡһ¾Ҫʯ١


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ħæ߶ħӵʮ㣬ŹͶħֶпƣ⡮䡯רſħŹһ㣬ȻƲܹʧԱȴܱơ
գۼ䣬ʮųִСĺڻֱըһɹɷһеСЩȻǿÿһŶֵùһڵԱһƬʮڵԱǲСըһ͡
һ˵ڲʮϢʱ֮СֻǺħͷһ٣һۣԳһϵֻȴζһ˫ħצ߸ߵָŵյˣǶԭزֻܶǴȵҪɱǣ꣬һҲӲˣ
˲֪ΪʲôħͻȻŭħǱУβŭҲܷŹԼʶҲ룬ֻС׼һս
ڳ֮УΨ˾ͽ֪һʲôʱڵֵǡ\ҫ󡯡
ֻһһƬڹ֮бײһ϶һ˽˾ͽæеλʦܣߣһ䣬һȻ˴Լٳһڷ˹ȥ
ҪӣӵֶΣǻһʮɫ
˾ͽ˼״һηĴһһ㾡ƳЩ˹ȥ
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һЩɫ˲ָٴλһµ˾ͽ˵Ľǰ
ߣɱ¾㻹̫һ㣬ϹУ
˾ͽһһָǵٶ͵һٴնЩɫֱֱĳȥ
Ѫħף
Ȼ񣬵һɱǰٲɱ¾ֵæֶΣʱһ׺ı׳ϣһʮعֽסȥһعֲͣǰ
˾ͽΣһףӽӢĽܾͱӢ˵䣬ǻҪŽסһ϶
ߣħӲ񣬸ҹɣ˾ͽһǰӵϢٴͷųңңע뽣֮УƽĽٴȻһ糤ִ̽ȥ
žžžžһ仯̽һƶʮ֣˿ƺҪʣµĹ־һ
ɷǽɷ걻ŵüһٵֵһɽεĽ֮˺󣬽һ϶˳
һ˵ûʲô˾ͽҲֻһΨһͷһ£뽣ģἰ⼸ֻ֮һǰȥڣ˽ɷȴϸ˭ѵ˾ͽʦ֡ն鱦ɽӽɷʵ㹻ԪӤˣĺħһϳˡ
ͷҲֻһͷһ˲ٲᣬϾҲнһֻҪԵһܹὣɷʱһԳ۳¡
ѽѽӲѪ󷨣ħ콵
˼ӳ˲䣬ΪһһҶʱԭصħͷѽѽУȻϧģ͵һţһѪҺ֮УһӰЩӰӷɭɭɱɷȻһͷͷħЩħǵأ϶ס
ڳ˶ھӢӣûȥħߵģħһۿȥħȻûһͷ򵥵ģĶħ壬ǿļʮͷȻļӽ弶ĳ̶ȡ
λʦܣɱˣ׼ħӡ˾ͽ˵һһ޾һ㣬˷ȥʮ֮һ˴ħӽæʩչħӡֶΣѡԼܹӡħæ
֮зħĲ𵤵ӣһٹھŷŹĿãħߵ߲㣬֪ʩչٴηħӡ׼ħֱһƬħӡʮͷħӡħ衣
˾ͽɱħǰڵӷħںЩħȴֻȫٴνǷ϶¶
ѽѽħӡߣվͽȫӡˣͽӡɣһھѪȡʱ䣬ĺħѾָ˹̧ץǺڹ֮һץһźᣬƸ߳޵ͼ
ãǾ\ҫ죡ٶ󷨣ΪϤһĻæ
ٺ٣СţϷվǶɣݺһЦĺħץᦱһҡǺڹʮһӱ


һ ܽ
˾ͽɫһ䣬߶ն͵һǣʱʮɳХ֮㳯Ͽշȥſһ󣬽ĺڹⶼöһȴûٴƳڣȻĺħ󷨣̶ܳǰ˴Ĳͬ
λʦܣסԼ󣡡
˾ͽ˴һȻдʣϷ󶯣ʱ֮䣬һαվڵУһ޼᲻ݵ־ᴩȫǽɷ߶ЧȣȻһҲ޳ɽһɲ˺ü
˾ͽ˺һ׷׼ֶΣǷʣԼסһ㽫˾ͽ˻룬ΪҶ֪սϡ
˾ͽʦ֣ˡ\ҫ󷨣ʱûȫÿǬλûܿʱǬλΪǬλпһƿ֮֮Ϊˣʱһƽɢ˲Ϣ֮󷨵ȱ©Ϊ˾ͽָ
˾ͽ˵ͷʮľţ಻㣬ΪġΪԽԽܣ֮񣬵ҡ
һ䣬ǽŨʮ·شƶϣ֮У۳޵еĽ⡣
ܽһ˾ͽ˵ʱϵ𾴱ǰ˲ͬ˵ǰʦֵ֮ľ壬ڸһ˿¼ϼ𾴡
һӶ׷׹˾ͽ˴ʱʩչĽȻɽĵմܽһɽҪĴУڶ೤϶ûеõСܹõеˣһ㶼Ǳĺѡˡʱ˾ͽʩչԼ侹Ȼõѡ˵ݡ
ǡܽ꽣Ҳ˵˽ǵ˽ɽһϱ䡶¼ϣڳɾɵ֮ŴǽһɾɵϹ˽Ǳƣ֮ӳּ߾磬ؽΪöԷ˾йľءһ˾ͽʦ⡶ܽȻ˴УȻҲû̫ߵľ磬˵ҲȽ߾Ҫɲа
һͷһпΣվصǲ⡶֮ܽеĻֺơԼ֮䣬оԼЩʲôֻǴʱȴ޲ʱ
ȴ˵˾ͽƴﵽߵ㣬һմ󽣴У뻯ն֮Сʱ֮䣬ǳһһƬƬƬȻһţ߳ǣצΪϬĲλһ޽
ԶԶȥⳤɵĳ뵱һ˾ͨʩչɵмƣȴ֮
֮оۼ֮ΪѵõֶΣǽɷ֮鱦նǡܽһЦͬ٭Խս˾ͽˣӢĽ֮һһһ
ٶҲڹһľޡУֻ⽣ǲƫеնָʾǬλ֮ϡ
ɡ\ҫ󡯻ûɵĺڹ⿴Ȼһ壬˿޲˲ܹųһӰ˹
ЩӰָ̬ʨһҰޣ۽֮һ֣һ㲻СһͷͷӰǿĶȽ𵤵˷ֺ󷨱仯֣η崿֮Ҳ·ħӡһֶηӡʮԶԸ
ЩӰ˻ǽ˿ûж֮⣬ͷһ˫ֱֱȥһʮͷӰɢȥһڣϢһƬӰȥ̻Ǭλǰʮ֮
֮ɷ˫նʣɵ
ڴʱնȻֱӳȥ˲Сһε䣬նı塣ı鱦նԽγ鱦ǿʵ彣ڡ
նӳ˽ɷ֮ˡܽ⣬ǽǬλڣһ죬ȴǴһɼϣʵʵڵĴ̵Ǭλ֮ϣʱһǬλй¶ⱻĺħƵġ\ҫ󡯾ȻҲٴαƿ
λʦܣߣ
˾ͽûһնתնɱǰĸӰ·ߡ
˾ͽһСȻôܽΪһӣ±Ŵ¾͵й¶ҽ˾ͽ˵ɵõնڱſޱȴĹȻΪ˫򲻸ҴôȻٲˣȻһܽ鱦ƷķȻܵø˵ûܴƷϵķʱеĵλһ٣
뵽˴ħѾ˽ľģ֮䣬һѪ⳯ƿȥƿڣ롮\ҫ֮УȻһɴСѪ


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Ѫצħնɱһͷ弶ԳޣꡢѪӳһƣ˰ħųɾôһħƷƷħаֱ׷ѰƷ
һѪצ˾ͽɫ䣬Ʒķ˵㲻ʲô֮ħֶƵķ㣬ʵȴȲֶƣն£һһҪ𻵼֡
ͨѪצѪħ
ħ\ҫ󡯣񷶥һ˲䣬ǵѪצ͵һŤһѪӰдܳչȻһͷԳǵħնɱͷԳ
ֻ뵱ȣͷԳӰȫѪɫΨұһֻѪצȻǱ֮󣬵һ飬ȴǱͷ˳
ء
ԳĴţ״ǿ񱩣һۿ˾ͽ˵һȺˣﻹ˵צӾץ˹

˾ͽ֪ͷԳħʱ䣬նɱ޷ѣʶԥһָնֱֱն˹ȥ
ء
Գ걻飬ɥʧ룬ٱʩչħһζ񣬼˾ɱ˲һնɱη佣ķ̧һצץ˹ȥ
նһһƷ֮ߣǾƷ֮ᲢۣȻΪ˾ͽΪ㣬ܷȫ汾ȴû˿Ӱ졣һնԳѪצ֮ϣžһѪצȻѿһ߳Ŀ
Ѱ˾㹻޹ˡ֮ѪצȴǲͬȻȴû˿˼Ұԣηĳ˹
˾ͽ˼״üͷһ壬ʹնѪצ¶ӡǣȴҲܽԳ˰֡
ħȻϧһҪסǣһ̶ħ⾹ȻҪһ۽Լ
ķûطʹãһͬ˵ʮģѰ¶Ըʲôˡħˣһ֪Ҫɱ飬ɸǲףʶ˸֮֮
ǰ˾ͽһħֻħ֣оնٷ˼βʩչطʹο񱩡
ħŷͬʶһĴڡȻȴһôڱҪʱ黽ԲԼƾܹսȷԶò֪١
һҲұԸԼ޵ķᷴˡȴͬħʩչ˿鳹׿񱩣Ҫ˾ͽˣ
ۼžѪצ⻪ͬһƵȱҲСļͬʱҲ޿κεĵȴš
˾ͽʦ֣ͲҪˣԼ߰ɣڵ
ԣɫвͬҶ֪˾ͽǿҲΨһսֵܹ֮ȫһڼ֡һˣǰһ֮˵ȥʮּ򵥡֮ڣȴΪ˵ۡ
һСͷζӳɣҲ֪롣⣬ҲȰ˵
˾ͽüͷһݣûлشˣٵʦܣħ˽٣аҵд
һ㶣Ƭ̱⡮\ҫħųõħ֮һСҲоȻ첻ֻҪλʦֳ֣СҲ󷨣ҵաħͷ󷨵ղʮ˵ʮҲܽˡֻˣҪӳȥҲˡ
ãô죬Х˸ϽʦְŲ󷨣
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ʦܣ޵ͽˣ
ţһôҲû뵽ȻᵽԼæ˾ͽʦкηԸܿڱǡ
ãʦܣ͸ͻΧȥѶϢݵУȻгǵġǴѶţʹһͿ̴С
⣡βֹһ˶һ
˾ͽʦ֣Ƕڴ˴ʦܶѡ
˾ͽҡҡͷ㲻ǶѣΡħҪ󷨲׷㣬Ҳħͷ׷ɱ㡣λʦҪסˣ˼ȥҲֻĽпѣʶŽ񽻸㣬ҵȵһѣ
һԣʱ˾ͽ˵⣬˵ԼС׻ֻ֣ҪһĴڣЩħڡ֡
ãλʦַģСܶȻʹ


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˾ͽ˼Ȼ˾һһս֮ҲʾԼʵǡ⽣ݡӸоĪλ𵤵ҲͷͬʶҶûʲô顣
׼һ֮˾ͽ̧ջնһݣǾԳӰǰһЦøħͷȻϸôһħסҵȣǾͲҪջȥˣ
һ䣬˾ͽ뽣ϣһͨ󽣳ԳնȥǷľԳܲˣһצӾ
ƣ
ԳӣֻáϡһߵշֿþԳԭأǡžֻޱȵѪצħѳƬ˾ͽ󽣺ͣĳǬλƿڷȥ
ãҪӣ
ħ״ȴ᲻ٺķһֻþȫת󣬻ûӰ˹ȥƣЩӰܹס˾ͽϢʱ䣬ƿھͻԶָȻֻҪʩչȫѹ´󣬱ضܹһڵס

˾ͽ翳вһ㽫һӰն𣬵ЩӰ޾ȻֹǰȴҲٶ˲١
ãʱ򣡡һͷһһ⣬˫һһҪǮһע֮Уһһֱ
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ħħˣͷȫ˽֮Ȼһ߱ǡԱĶģֻ˾ͽҲҪԼߣȴ뵽һжΪԼע⣬Ϊһɨǰ·
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һǲ˾ͽ˵ӰֳͷҪһ˹ȥ
ߣףѣһɣ
˾ͽ˽һʱһ׷׻˿ЩӰסȴɱΪٿе֪ЩӰÿնɱһͷûһͷǲնɱܹס
ʦȥҲλʦֱأ
һ׹ƿڼ£һ˲ȥֻһĵ
λʦСģս󣬻ס
˾ͽ˴һζתص֮䣬ٵ֮£ʣ°ˣ˾ͽˡХΪҲι̵˳ڼֵ׼
û˾ͽ˵ĵֿ\ҫ󡯺ܿһɹħɷɱѪۡۻ౩Ϣռ䣬һӰɲͣ˹𵤸ֲãи˾ͽֳն룬ǰùƵġ
ȴ˵һӳ\ҫ󡯣Ȼ֪ĺϹֲ׷ȴҲһһͷҲصı㳯һȥûӳԶһɫӺ׷
ǰӣͣ£־ܣûһٲͣ£ץס㣬Ȼ㳢ħһǧֿ̡
һԣħŵκȴҲֻһͷǰ塣
ģֻʿôôĽݣǷԹҲˡãȻˣƵñӽʩչץ㣬һãܣ
ǻɫ֮ǰʩչˡɱ¾Ļ꣬Ϊǰ˾ͽǰܴ죬ò׼һӣοϷŹôһйĻᣬԸµĳһ׷
뵽һ֮ٱ𵤸ֶѷɫҸû˿ͣ˼ʶôץš׷˺ðΣھþУһָţһѪɫС
һɱ¾ɷӳ
һѪɫ½֮ϣĽ֮ٶȻһ࣬Ȼɿһ֮ľ롣
ףĽôô죡ˣ˾ͽʦֵĻ˾ȻҲᡮɱ¾ֻǱϹݵˮ׼ƺ˺ԶҲ򵥵ɱ¾ħŵһɱϹݵĳѰֵֶΡСףܶԸˣ
ϹݣҲҪѷһСħͷǱĶ֣ãҳȥˣԡɱ¾ֶΡ
ȻˣСȲó֣Ҳһһġɱ¾պ˵ϹݣҲһЩźá
⻰СһٲػȻĬһ
ú潣׷ԽԽһȻٴ߽٣ǵÿˣͣڵ׷һ
Сӣͣ㾹ȻͣʱͣˣܲãĲãⲻõ³ˣǻһɷһЦƺһϵ⣬׸˿á


 
ٺ٣ħͷ˵ǲСҲֻܶԸʿˣǻ˾ͽʦ֣ߣֻܱͷܰˣһ˿壬Ƶ
ʲô˵ӱͷܣãããҶûб˵ǵһħһǧֿ̣ʮ֮һҪһһϴˢ
ߣɵʿеվֱҪ˵ħ˲ɱ޹ŪʱѪɺӣǲǴ׽٣ħžɨ𣬻һƬǡ
ߣ޴֮㲻Ϊ⡣֪ǿʳֻǿ߲䣬߾ͳΪǿߵĶʳʯˡ
øǿ֮棬һ㣬Ȳ˾ͽʦ֣ӦóΪʳǣΪ׷ⲻǶʳأ
һἰ˾ͽ˴ܵ飬ɫʮѿָһһЦǿ֮ƣһʱһ̣βұǿ֮ٽնɱֻǵʱȴǿˡ
һԲŭЦЦøǿ֮ƲһʱƱѣͬΪʵ̫֮Զ˵˾ͽʦ֣ͬħŵϹݣҲȲãΪ⡮ɱ¾е
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ߣֹϹ˾ͽʦһսֳʱɱذ޹⡣ȻɱħˣҲʧΪһ˽ܣһɱ¾˫ֱ֮𰡣һ˵ţЦ
鱾ħһλϵãʱĸߣټӵİħһҲǶ꿡֮
꣬˵ҲǷҲ֪أһ첻ͬһ֡Ϊҫ۵ĴӢĽӡ
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˵䣬̧㣬ʮɫһֱֱ
һû˿⣬ٺһЦͷµľ㲻ʩչɱ¾ȻʩչҺú⽣İɣ
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ףɨħգʮù⣬նħ
һ棬һ㽫ʮù⾳ʩչʮ׹󽣻ʮĶƣһһιڣ롣
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ߴʱ仯ֹһһУʶһӴһġ죬ƺڱȽͬʱɱһ㡣
һգۣʩչԽײǧǡɱ¾Ȼͬ죬ǰ˾ͽȻܹһƿΪ⣬нɷĴڡ
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һˣ⣬תʮù⣬֮͵һģʱɱ¾𿪣һЦ֪˭˴󻰽նڽ£ȴûдɣɱ¾Ͳ
ߣӣζصȻôӾԡɱ¾ˣ
˵䣬Ҳ߶ֻ֣һʮ󽣣׵֮һ飬ͭǽڣڹ򷨡Ҳֻܼ𻨵ȴܹƷ
ܰҲ̫ˣѰʿֻʹ㹻ɨˣСӼ㽣ȴҲܵסãɲУҾͲҲܽ
鷢˺ݣٲǰһεεߣ͵Ľߵɡֻʮɱ¾Ӱ·ǧڳһնɱȥһʮ׹¶Ѻ
žǣ
һһ׹󽣵жѡҺһעļʱתǶϽ׵֮Ȼըɱ¾Եסܿ죬һ죬ʮ׹ȺѿҲԳһȱڣȻˡ
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ǵɽ鿴ʵǳһ飬¶һЦһʿѵǶΪԽս˭еô


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ʲôѵһߣʲôȲǣǵ˱ӣնɫ̧һӣ˵ħٶһͬɽһѹȥ

廷֮ͭ洫þ֮ϣ˵ɫ⻪ðշŴ󣬾Ȼһģһİ˵ħ󷨣Ƿ򣬳Ŷİ˵ħ˹ȥ
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˵꣬һŹνɢȥ߳һȻ续мһĽŮӡһһ֪Ů˭ΪŮӢĽ֮һ貨ŻӢӼ軨
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ɫһ࣬龫ʮóԹɫ軨Ȼȴûһ㷢ŭ˼һЦ㣬ý㣬СҲΪ˰̽·ô


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ϵĽƤЦʦ㻹
öʦ㣬̶ʦá軨ǰ⼧һ
̶ʦãðɣ㽫浤Ұɣ˵
̽浤ͳȥһЦʦ㲻żҲ֪֪˵Сֵһָһ
ף軨Ҳżָȥһ̸һۿȥȴִ˾ȻЩ졣
⻰ȴļæɵһǰ˹ֵλѿڵӣ
һýһ˿ǰƬ鷳һ㣬ʮϢŽԼġ֮С貨Ů̸ۣǰš
·ɹæֵڵһʦ㣡˵֮䣬һĨ䣬ƹ
¼״ϲѣ־һ򸣣еʵʦ£貨ŵӣʦܣɼͬһλٵʦô
ʦ֣£ѵλʦ㣡һͷʱˣȴûб¶΢΢һЦԭʦ㣬ͬһʦ֣ȫ٣ǾŹɽһͽ֪Ҳǣ
⻰ͷʦܸ֪Ҫһ
⣡һ뵽һȺĴüͷ΢塣
ôѵϼңɫ˲ûҰƺʲôһ㡣
һ״ͷЦԼһ仰û˵ȻöԷ棬ɴ˿ɼ鲻ֵܹġ
ֻæڽ͵ʦˣʦû˵˻ֻͬĸλʦʽΣ˽ȣʶʱʦ档
ʲô˭ˣȻסڵӣ¼ȾŭƺһʳصҪȥһ㡣
һĺڵħͷ˴󽫸λʦֶУСҽѣ׼Ѷýȡ
ĺڣԣɫɷףæħ֣
ʦģ֮ͬбŵ˾ͽʦڣʱ֮Ӧûġ
˾ͽˣԭˣˣӦû⣬һҪǰȥȣ򡭡뵽Ҳһæɻؼ軨ǰֵʦ㣬һ
軨ȻЩˣ˵ͷ˵һģɵһǰλʦܣǿ
⻰һ֪ԷȻԼҲԹͲϾȶӴ˲֪٣ôμסһٹڵӡ
һݼʦ㣬ʦԴɸ֮ʱʦһ֮Ե
ţǵͶµԴɵӣ軨Լ룬ȴܾ
ʦüԣʦңͷʦѶˣ
⻰軨üһ΢΢һЦһϸһͷ΢΢Ծĵû뵽̶̼ʱ⣬˵ֻǱٹȳڣгɣΪʽӲ˵ﵽڡѵһŲɣǣǿ̫ˡ


Ķ Ԯ
ûܽʦ£ȴ貨ŵźˣһʦڹӦòҪϲǣ軨Ҳȷʵ΢΢źڴˣһϲϹЦݣûһ١
лʦ㣡
һ˹֣ͷô˵˵һԵļȿ˿ڣף磬ҽ㻹ʶô
һشȴü軨һָǼ⣬ЦСѾͷԼ̹ʶʦܵģˣ˵ǲʲô¶Ūȥ
ɫһ࣬Ҳ֪軨ֻ콫Լһ飬Ե˵һбǲǽ𵤸ʲôģȥᡣ
軨βаֻãȻ״ôƤȴҲ²ȥֻǹŭĵһۣ˵Ȼص̲ƶ㻹ܸƤ
⻰һЦøƹһ㣬ż軨ȴֲҷڶ죬ֻͷƶǸطһȥɾ궼УԲܸȥһҪҸ͵￪
Ҳ˵δ⣬軨תͷһһ񣬵Сûʦܵչˣʦлˡ
һæһ񣬹ֵʦˣҵӦ໥֣Ȼʦҷ̶ʦõݣȻҪģ֣ô񡣡
軨΢΢һЦ˵ͷʦ˵ǣǸ໥֣ˣʦܽʲô֪ܼȻȫ
һͷһϲ˵ͷǼʦϳ֣ǶȻܹΧʦһͬǰȥʦ·˵Σ
軨˿һԼе£һġŶһ˵ͷˣʦܴ·ǡ
ãλʦ㣬̶ʦãһתݣʱ⳯ȥ
ף׵֮˽ѵǡ⽣Ҳ򵥣軨΢΢һЦ̧һָͷͭͭƷŴʮ౶ССƽ̨Ůȥ
һݵĵ֮Ҳͭ͵ķҲһƷķֻǱˣо軨ͭ²ԼͭûҪǿ࣬Ҫͨࡣ
˵ͭݺֻ֮֮ͷûʳϾȵȶߵĴɣǵԼʩչ˶ѯʵġ
һ·һܿ콫뼧軨˵һͨ˵겻ñפأϿһͨصĺĻǡ\ҫ󡯣󶥲һӰʩչʲôѹȫͷĺħ
ͷħæµʩչ󷨱仯Ҫˣ⻪£һӳȥˣһȴ׷ȥĶ飬·ʲôֻΪĺڵħո˵󣬸û˿˱ܵ뷨
СòˣٻϷͳȫ㣬ʦֵܰɣħȻЦһ̧֣ǡ\ҫ֮зֳһڹͳһˢ
̲죬һã
ֲһ֣軨ȶˣһָͭõзɳһڹǴ֮зֳĺڹһ޶ڹ⵱һײͬʱʧԭء
ףʲôֶΣȻܵסϷƵĴ󣡡
ĺħھ軨һ֣û׼֣ͣһ⻪֮ͭУǰһ޶ĺڹһˡ\ҫײȥȻȲôҲײôҡβѡ
㣬㣬貨ףҲ֪Ѿͷڴʲô⣬߽һҲʩչֶײǴֶֻȻȴݺһ㣬ûһáǧ貨
¼軨ụֹ̂Ҳ̲סֱһƬᾱ׶׷׳ڹȥȻɱȲü軨ȴܶԴмӰ
貨ŵӣΪʲôҪϷ£ѵΪϷ򲻸ɱôħúܿŮ
ߺߣħͷбҽ㲻ʲô֪ʲôһ㣬Цűħ
ѽѽѽëѾͷħͷճԱ٣̵ܼһһ״ħֱֱն
ߣħͷҪ
軨һḧһƣͭϣͬһħ󵶴֮ͭзɳһ죬ħͬʱըȻ໥


 
һĻħУͷʱһ£貨ȻóˮлһȻΪҪֻܳȴʲôܹġϢһ޶վһ㡣վӣѵС֮ɽ¶ˮ貨ż軨Сӡ
뵽ħҲһΪĺħѰʱôܽСӢĽһǽνӴ˾ͽˣҲһ¶ʶü軨Уȴûж鷴Ӧÿ졣
һСѵϷҪһȺС˲ɣУԲУϷҪһǣ֪
ħͷŭѣһȫע\ҫ֮УʱǴڹ⾹Ȼֳһ軨һ˹
¸¸¡ʲôӢӣʲô̲쾹ϷĻҾҪһ򾻣ǵǵ꣬ǵ鱦
Ц軨ŭЦ촽һ˵ʲô˶ҲǱʲôסһ㣬㱻ˢڹȥˡڹ϶Ϊһٴλ
ô򵥵֣ħҲĸгԾôڹ֮ȷʵ˼軨ˣŷٺЦʲôСӢܣ³Щ£ĶǴİɡ鱦ΣϷСϷɶӢܣ۹
ڴʱһڲԶԭǰ뽫նɱڴˣǿҪǰʧˣСŮȻȲüλʦʦһΪʵǿñ֮Ҳױ֮أ
ʲôħ͵תͷȥƯһͭվĲǼ軨һ˭ˣǵƤļ̲Źᣬħ˸
ǺǣȻǰȳ֣Ǿ͹ֲСŮˣǰͽ̡貨ףǧ٣죬ɨħϣ
軨һֱ㽫貨Ŵеġ貨׾ʩչһȴ뼧˲֮ͬ䣬һӰ㲼˺һƬأִһûҲǧˡЩӰͬʱһӣǧ˴˷ħȥ
СҳܣǻסϷ򣬿ħ󷨣ƣƣƣ
һħֱ̧ʮħצѪУǹħһƥһƬƬ֮У˲С룬ĻӰȥ
̲һʵһãʵ֮䣬޽ޣ
ֻЩħٺɱȥȻոսӴһӰɢͬʱЩûбɢĻӰʵ˼̧֣֣Ǹ˺˴εı˱ǰǿһﲻֹٵǧ˲Ϣ֮㽫ʮħ䣬ͬʱȥƲĳħ˹ȥ
ʲôⲻǻǻ㾹Ȼܹʵ滻ôܣֻǽڣ貨ԪӤҲħһɨȥһ˹ıһ߳Ծĺ
ǺǣǰˣСŮȷʵû
û㣬ѵˣⳬΪ㣬鱦̲ϺõıôСУ鱦ϷҲҪɱǣɱǣ鱦͹ˣ
ŶˣСŮӿҪϲǰһٵõ鱦軨Ϊ⣬ЦŹϲ
ʲô˼ħͷֻʲôõ鷢
ڴʱ軨·ãˣǰõˡ̲Ȼ޼ʣǺת
ʲôʲôʱܵȥģħ𾪲ѣǶԷܹܹԼĶĿôһأǲ˵ʱԼϡ
⻰ӰĿһŤ軨ģ΢΢һ򸣣СŮӼǰ
ѵⶼǻħʱȻͷָƾ·ʩչֶεļ軨㵽Ҫʲô
Ǻǣǰǰһ鱦ˣ軨΢΢һЦһĳȥƾȻ籡ֱֱĺڡ\ҫ㡣
\ҫƷΪϷ֣Ǻ䲻Ƶģ
ǼأһӺڹ֮дͬʱñ軨ĵطڹҲһһŻСȱڱǰʮಷɳǱˣһ¡̶Ů
ôܹ⹴ҵĴѵǰ㱻ĲǻӰ
ǺǣСǰЦˣűҼʦúʦܣҵȱϵλڵѣû뵽ǰһ̣Ƕлˣ˵ţ軨ӯӯһݣлһ㡣


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⻰ħһϺΪĺڸ֣ﶼǸֵĴڣû뵽Ա˵ϷŪһأͷжˡŭһӡ\ҫ֮гǡ\ҫ졯̧־ͳѹ
ߣħͷף뼧ʦչһλʦܣȥȥ˾ͽ˵˼軨ŵóͷҲǱһ˽뼧軨֮һݣὣ㳯ٴĺڹնȥ
˴˾ͽʩչֶ޹Ұһɷ֮ն֮УľںһڣԽսټ˾ͽһ֡ܽѰԪӤĺһĸ֣мܹâ
ЯƵһ¶նȥŨޱȵĺڹ⾹Ȼסٷ֮һʱֻһ죬ննеĵطһϸϸȱڡƻʵһ㣬¶ȥ
˾ͽʦֹȻն鱦Ľ˾ͽʦȽ棬ãһ֮һԪڵĪʦֵ׷Ҳѷɫ˰ɣ
軨Ҳ񣬳Ŀ貨ŶŮ˼ûʲô뷨Ѱڵ֪軨֮Ҳʲô顣
һӢĽܣǱŵ˾ͽˣſˣ֣Ҳ˵Լܳˡ⻰˼ƺһԪڵĪƳ缸֡һʱ֮䲻ɵöǺóӢĽܵһ˵һԪĪȤ
ʦǼĪʦֳ֣ѵĪʦֱ˾ͽʦֻҪɣ
⻰Ȼûлعͷ˼׼軨ô˵˶кģӢĽܵǿҶ᲻ģֻδӢĽ֮еԼ˵׼ȷͿ͹ۡ
軨Ҳû뵽һ⣬ȴҲûлرܵ˼΢΢һЦʦ˵ĲһλԵɺϵ£ȴǼĪʦֳ֡˵ĪʦֵֶʦЩƣҲǽ֮֮ýʹӡȭ֮ν޳
֮һԳһ֮׵֮ȴвͬνرԴ൱شƣ׵粻֮Ȼƣһһ
һ⽣ǿľʮù⾳֮ʹáһȴ׵硣£ֻеȵԪӤ֮󣬿ʼذſˣ⽣ԪӤʿܹ֮Ҳ֮١
軨˵û˵ȥͷҲбȽϡһҲȥϾܽƣӵһ˵Īӡ֮Ƕܹӵľ磬ȽҲֻͽͰˡ
ȴ˵˾ͽһնǺڹ⣻ڶȵһǿһֱӽڹϿʷֳݣŵĵһؽһϺڹ⣬͵һʣ㽫պյħڹɷĩɢ졣
һʱġ\ҫ󡯾ʹ˷顣Ƿڴ֮ϵħһܻѽѽвѣǡ\ҫ졯ϾȻҲƿһӣ˵Ǵɵˡ
ˣ㾹ҴҷҪְ
ߣħͷҪ񣬽˵һɣ
߸иŭ𣬵ͬʱͬɽһʰûһҰ˾ͽ˹ȻΪӢĽ֮һǽһĴߡһնȥϬޱȣħҲ赲նɱħ˱ᣬټǡܽ˫˾ͽ˵ƹɴߵñħǿ֡
ħҲĺڵϹ֣ŭӿͷһħӵ쾫£ħצħħħӰȵȣһħŹֱʴǣǿӳɽһȭһţһײһͬ˾ͽֻñòɡ
˵մ˲֪ٸغϣ˫Ҳ侲˾ͽҲͰˣһȺԣħǹһˣоͷһ˿
˾ͽǿʲôһᣬ뼧ʦðæסħ
軨׼ãûһ㷴Ӧʱ䣬һ̧ս֮ϣҲ𻰣̧һĨͭƾ˾ͽӰһֳնҲһ޶ħɱ˹ȥ
߾ǾȻҪΧϷӣ޳ܰħ˾ͽˣȻ֪ǻӰȥҲɫ΢䣬вѡ
Ǻǣǰ£СŮӿɲΧǰֻסһʱ̰ˣ޳ǰĺڸ֣Ȼ۸Сһ㣬ҵѧҲѧġ


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軨üĿһת˵һûһ˿̻㹻߿̣ħͷȻ黫ȴǰԳ֣ѽѽмҪɱˣĻὣɱϢһģһֲ٣ֻÿһֵֵɱ軨
λڵʦܣοѵõĻᣬԩԩг𱨳𣬾ԩ޳ܹĺǰУҲѵõļأ
ף㣬Ŀô̲ǵͲϷȥˡ
軨΢΢һЦһͭӰڼͷǼ̶ʱɢ
λʦԸһͭӰ֮滻ʮΡֻҪ滻ʱĺǰֹûģ
Ȼڼ軨˵֮䣬һ˾ͽ˻Ӱħ˹ȥһնȴˮ̲ǲǼ˭ˡħһҪɱˣһȥȴֻǴһӰȻ˲滻ˡ
軨ҪԸϷҲͰˣЩСңѵϷɱ㲻ɣ
ǺǣǰαҵСһʶ͵ָһ°ˣ軨ƮƮĻػ˿ûаֵ˼
ãҲҪħŸֵķɣ˵ĲˣһΪһûϷݣû뵽軨Ȼһ̶УȻûΣգοϷŹһ
̧һͭһڶӰ֮Сʱ˾ͽ˵սԵӰħ˹ȥ̧һնҲ˿˲佫Լܹ߶ֶξ𣬽߶֮ʱ׹󽣱ԭС֣мڽ˿֮뵽һֶΡ

һײħģɱЩӰǿ˲٣ħСĳһһɫӡǡ
СħҲ֣һħצһץ
ʮù⣬϶Ϊһնɱаħһ˷֮бͲĽһԶ߶롮ʮù⡯ľ磬߶ֶΣһ֮佫ʮ׹ѹѹ㼯һն˳ȥ
ħȻҪʹһû뵽Ȼ˴󵨸Ҳ˱ܣͷаҴܣż˼Ҫһ
ħħצץһִ׹󽣣˼һֿϲޱľأ·ֻ֮ԼֻԼеĽЩģ˵Ľ׷ӿͷѾԲ򽣵һ˽һ򽣵ڶĽ¸֡
նȥһʱֻôһͷ
ħȻ֪һϵı仯Ҳ֪һûһ˱ܣצ۵ǿ˼֣ҪСķ˾ͽ˻Ǽ軨𣬿һצϾͲʮʮˡ
һж˲Ϣʮ֮׹⽣ֻԭ󽣵һСֱԴ֣ħצȴԵû̫ϸˡ֮֮ӽ֮Ϸйնħצģþǰڵӡϡ
һնʵһԴ֮УԭеĸоȻһ˿µĶ˿ƣѰס
ȥɣħһЦצ֮͸Ȼ֮ͽһǿħһǷޱȣϾ̫ͣǵֵסħֶΡ
̶һ׹⽣һʵ׵֮ĥȥֻʣһ㱡׹ʴһϸ΢һ˿׹Ҳĥȥħצֱץϡ
˲һ߿Ľ֮ƺʿ
Ҷϣħ߽һħצǼָ״ϡצӱħĥĿȷ˲佦𻨡
ϣһ죬ӦϣԽ֮£ʮ潦ȥӥХȴ˾졣
СӣûˣʲôҶħڿɱйߣͷޱȡ
޽һͨʲô˼ͷ׷Ҵܣнн˽һ޽нĽ֮޽Ҳ޽ʲô硭޽нʲôǱ޽һжǽ
ø޽Ǻø޽ͨʲôһЦǧ֮һʱһɽ籡˲ɽΣ˲Ϣ֮׹⽣ûκԥһնٶȣȻȻһ
ɽСϷǰþɱһҲڵĵӣǽ𵤣㲻Ƕҵħצž۰ɣħȻһֶΣܹӳԼģһצȥ
֮䣬޽޲ΪħЦ֮У˳ԾĿ֮Уһͣһն˳ȥ


 
޽򽣣˾ͽ˵ĻӰ֮Уһһһ΢΢һͣҡҡͷһţҲΪѵˡ
һ˲䣬ħצٴץ֮ϡ˳ԾǣһȻסħצܿһ촫׹⽣飬нҲɢȥ
ƣҪ
߾ٳһһû˿ɥҲûа㾪ţ־Ȼٴһ׹⽣ֳħնȥ
һצٴ齣⡣һڳ˲һһһңᣬÿһζ赲ħצȴܶħצ˿˺ȫͣħצĹơһʮ׹⽣ᣬȻ顣
ߣٽҲסҵħɣ
⻰һ¶һ˿ЦħצϾҪץסԼ˲䣬̧һ׹ȴǰƺһ㡣
ħҲԳЦݣͷҲɱһֱ֮꣬ػͶħ֮Ӷ
ħצϵ˲䣬һ˿ĸо˹ħһ˿ʱȴЩˡһ̧һĨһ˿ѪͿڽϣǳᡯһ·ųر⣬ϸȻжʮأÿһرⶼɱ⣬Ѫ⣬ƺΪɱ¾ġ
ãƷԲħ֪ԼצȥʲôˣһƷƷ൱ԪӤˣĺħķűר˾ɱԼħצȻȴֻȥԿһС
ħͷɱ˾Ԭʦ֣ҲԬʦֵģվѪһ°ɣһ¶һЦҲΪħĻ֪Ԭɵض¶ĳðһĻʹħɾӶһ
µֵҲһ׽֮УƺⲢΪһ㣬˲Ӧһ£ֱնħצϡ
ħһնצýһѪߵշͬʱĻںڵĶ֮£һħһ˫ħצϵָ
˵ʮָģħҲһħħצһ˫צ⣬һͷ⣬һζʹʹ
˭֪ڴʱһһץָʧֽӿռ֮ȥˡħҲ˲ӦԼָɫɳԾɾŭɾŭޱߵķŭ޲̻һ
ˣһ΢΢һЦЦ˲̣ͬʱһֻħצץšֻһ˾ͽ˻Ӱ˲飬˲滻ˡ
ħڷٹ˲˾ͽ˺ͼ軨ʱܵ͵Ϯħ߶ʮʮħצ裬һӰץ飬ҵһĲݡηץƶٻӰӶ٣ȴҲץסһ
СҵģұǲҪָֻҲҪ֮ء㣬Ѫ֮㣬һһ˾㡭
ħһ񶾵䣬˶Ҳ͵ǶԷ磬ʱ˷ˡ軨ɫ΢΢һ䣬ֻ˿ս֮ûʲô仯Ҳͷ
ȴ˵һöָֽӿռ֮УΪԬɱ⣬ҲЩ뷨ĻͷֻʲôסһߴӰ֮Уһ߳̽Լֽӿռ
һĽӿռ䲢󣬵ŵĶ٣𣬸ɫϣһЩ伮Щ֪֪ıü棬ȡľĶ
ʱָֻڽһξ롣ȻһָƮ֮дһϸһ䣬Խ࣬ǺԽŨ̶䡣໥ٽܿ㸲һСƬط˷ɢ
ֽӿռϹޱȣ˿ԴŶתֶΡʱһմȾתƺ˼ɬ
һоæ棬ҪֹǺ̡̻ѰʱΪ棬ԸκԪħԪκʵĺ̺ȴû̫ãͬбʴļڡ
״ŵʩչֶΣæС׵Сףҿ⵽ʲôδã
ߣ˶ϲˣħż̳Ϲ֮˵ħͷƺóڴˣ㱻ϣᵹһùأСʮе˵ţƺԼûʲôϵ
ʲôһӵùˣﵽʲô̶ȣ
ߣ򹦷ʱԳɹᵤʴ󽵵Ͱͷû±˴򣬱˺ްʲôģžЩ˰ɣ


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һһЩС׻ˣƢЩҲԸʣһϾ֮·Ϳزۣ˺ܶ˵ˡһȻʵڣȴҲԸƽˣ鷳
Сףûа취䣿
ߣмδȫѣ˵ҳһطԸ䣬
Ӧİ취ҲУȹĶò
ߣǷŹܶԸȹĶϸδãԼŰɣ˵꣬Сױٲ
ȻûеõʵʩֶΣ֪ŹܶԸ䣬һҲԸһԡϾˣҲ֪˷ŹԻ˶ٴα˴ΣҲϣԴ⡣
䣬ʶͨɽ౦ľ䣬̤֮䣬һϰɣһҲһ飬һԶзֶζתֽӿռ֮С
ʱֽӿռ֮г⣬ͨģ̤֮ƣֱӳһڻȥȻЩֶһסɢǡ䡯ڻһȼźȻЩõġ
оֽӿռָһڻϲ֮ȴҲ뾡콫áʱС׵еǼ˵Ը㽫ǿԸע룬˵ԸϿס
Ըѵ˵֮ãԾԣ֮ԴԴϡ
һͷһҶ֮ʩų֮һֽӿռ֮УԸһֳ֮ͨУͨ˼֣һڹȥ
һһ⻪ײһ𣬱֮оĵ׷״ħо֮һոģǻǣħ
ɫâ޷̻ᱻմȾҲƷͨĥ䣬ֲۣͬһЭ
ܿ죬ֳԼǿ֮Ľѹ˻ȥһħҪֵùƬоĲ
ãĺħҲԪӤһһЦҶ֮жһ޶һԪӤ֮Ųƹ֮С
ȻԪӤǳ֮Ĵڡһע룬䲻ýж仯ֹ̱סڹĳҽѹȥơ
һϲзͨջȫӵֵڹ⡣Ȼûʧųһ㼤ڹأѹѹռķռĺڹ⾹ȻѹֻеСΧȾĿռ価ϴˢһ㣬ָԭ
ӦһöС֮һͷʱһ˿뷨ͷһ㽫̨֮֮УѹڱҶ֮Ҳö
һ鷳֮ҲķʮϢʱ䣬Ӱ֮УͲ˲Լı仯һ˲ԵɣԵɵΪħ飬ֻħһ˴ɨһۣȻĿЩûһ仯ĻӰ
ôܣҵ֮ϹŴУȻֻƤëҵΪѪΪȻֱɱǽڵСҲҪͷһһСССôʲô鶼ûСãȻˣԣ
ħͷһʩչ֮һӺݶڣһֽӿռ֮Сһֱ㱻ϵ̨֮УѹҶ֮£ֺ
ʩչ֮ħķ˲δһЧԼҲɵûʵʱһƳһԣû˼ȥ˼ʲôˡ
һ˾ͽֽһɻǿƳȫ͵ĳɢȥĻӰɢ˵˾ͽˣ˾ͽˡ
軨΢΢һЦһ򸣣һӰɢһ뼧̶ͬʱ֮ͭϡͭ˵ں棬Ȼǻסˡ
ħһԼҽøŪŭգ˾ͽ˵ĴڣʱôһԼƥеСһԵš
ף˾ͽʦһнƾȻ˻ֺ룬֮ѵǡܽô軨΢΢һЦ˿ڵӵ
⻰Щʸ뼧軨˵Ҳ𵤵ӡһۣڵʦ㣬˾ͽʦһвɽһġܽȴһײ䡶ܡġɷʦеСʮ


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ɷʮ
⻰軨ֻ΢΢ͷԽҲǿ֡ӣǼ޵Ӷͬˡ
ǡɷɽһ֮ȻûĴУȴҲǴ˾ͽʩչǰġܽԵƴ󣬲˶һ׽һЩ˼
һвͬһϸ۲͸˾ͽϽһ˵ĶһЩɰ޵⡶ɷԪʦ洫УǾۼɷ֮ϽռſʦʩչɷʮýĪڴˡһ˾ͽʦֵġʮ֪ԭһءȲ˵֮Ҫǿɷ֮һ֣һɷ֮н鱦֣Լ˾ͽʦֱӸ߹ʦֻ֣ǽ֮߶ʦʹͨθΪԪӤ֮ʩչġɷʮҪǿһɣ
ʱ˾ͽڶˣֻǼ򵥵ĽһȻۿɼһӰ߶ӰÿһӰʩչŲͬĽУÿ֮䶼ӣûκη϶ܹӰ֮䡣
ʲôֶΣôоǰЩƣһһɵóȷʵԼǰһЩЩ֮Ҫ˵ʲôȴģģ͸һ㡣
ڴʱХڵʦ֣򽣵޽ô
Ҳܻ䣬˵ͷ򽣵޼䣬޽޽֮򽣣
⻰Хг羴֣֮޽򽣣ʦҲûв͸ľ磬ųϣ͸һ㾳һ붼ûУ˵϶ֻſǻû뵽˾ͽʦ־Ȼ͸ˣ˾ͽʦֲǧ꣬ѵһﰡ
ŸпĻڵӷ׷׵ͷǡһҲŵ˵ͷֻͷ˾ͽ˵ʲôȻǸţȴȲԼΪҪ
޽޽ˣ򽣵޽򽣡羹ȻԪӤ˿ס˾ͽʦּȻܹ˵Ҳܹ򡣡һҲھ֮ϣԼһ˿ãԼ˾ͽ˵ľ
ףʦڸʲôѵڲʲô
ţѵǸղһսʲô򣡡
Ӧˣܸĺħ֣ѵõĻᣬȻΣն࣬ջҲǲٰ
ѹˣʦʱ䲻ȴڴ֮д󷢹ʣɿ벻ɣ
ǰʦҲһ˵һܽɽӢܡ
˼״棬۷׷סһһս֮бֵʵԼµĹͣ˾塣ʱǿһôһʦܶ˿
ȴ˵߿֮У˾ͽ˽򽣵޽򽣡һգΪһһȴһˣ֮ƣͬʱ˾ͽƺһʣɱء
ħͷ˾ͽ˱׽һ㣡
ߣСϷҲħצħҲо˾ͽ˺潣еȻгУһצץ˹
ߣܣа׷֣ͻͣɷģ¾ɱʮɣޣ챩ۣΡƽˡӢᣬ
ʮϷħħצɷħצѪצצצצ
˾ͽÿһһÿһ򽣶һ⽣֮Ÿ֮ϵƥ޳ħͷÿһҲץһצÿһצħɷޱȣԵʶħӵصצ
ֶεײһ𣬿ʼ֮ʱÿһһħצ󽥽ģ˾ͽ˳ٶȲħצٶԽԽ죬˺˾ͽ˳ʮʱħһܳħצ
Ϊ˾ͽ˱ѹƣЩżʱ򣬼軨΢΢һЦλżҿ˾ͽʦһǿһħͷڲòʩչֵ˾ͽʦֲռϷ硣
˶ǹңü軨ͣȻһϸ˵
˾ͽ˻ӳʮ֮͡ʱħҪʩչʮצӡֵܵ˾ͽУԽԽŨ񣬾ȻԽ֮ѹĺħơ
˾ͽʩչһʱһҲתۼӳֵ󣬸ͨҲϸһ
һ
˾ͽһһȻǵһǰʮ彣Ӱͬʱ͸һںֹ֮ħһҲò԰˼֣Ӷħצʮʮȴܿ˾ͽʮ֮ڡ


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ǿ̫ǿˣ
һ⺬δһֻôһͷ˵һǿĽȻɽһڶ೤Ҳ˾ͽˣҲֻ˻ߴûһǰʩչʽ罣ʩչУȫһ־磬áǿ򡮲ǿݡ
˾ͽһһСʮĽƣصӣƱħȥƺԪӤڣԷǽһ㡣
ħΪĺڸֵܲȱѹȵһëѪҺЩѪҺһƮ㻯ȼաŻȼգħϵҲڽ
軨üͷһæ˶ȼѪ֮ħҪƴˣλʦҡ̲֮ϣ˲ܱȫ˵֮䣬̧һֱ̲屶㹻վֳˡ
һڵҲһл׷վȥ軨һ̲˷УԶԶ˾ͽͬħĶ
ħӣ˾ͽȴûȶֵ˼ħȼѪҺߵһʱŽһʩչ
˾ͽɫȻֳնջӽһն⡮һն˳ħҲʾ˫צһȼŨŨѪףɷޱȵƺȥ
˵˾ͽһʮʮÿһֻ֮νһǽֶ֮Ρ
ħҲʡ͵ĵƣȻǰһڱķѲ٣Ϊⱻһȥָĺħڣû˼ȼѪ֮ǲһ˫ħצħһͬɱ⡣
տȥɱײһһȻ˷ɢȥ֮а֮ϼɢϯ磬ɳʯ·Ĳһûʣ㡣ֻԶԶ̲ȵڿУӰ죬ûܹ淢ʲô
һ߶ֻͨͨȻҲֶܵӰ죬ܹģȴֻܿһԼԼӰӡֻǻ谵ĵشһӰһ˫צӡڲϵƴɱ
ڴʱ軨ɫ΢΢һ䣬æСģħҪˣħ壬Ҳȫסλʦʦÿ˹ֵ
Ըճһƴ봫ƻܿϯ̲֮ϡȻ˲֪ħжҲԷæתסѨħ㡣
˲ͬһȴԸʹ˷Źôһûᣬͷһط֮УʶͨķעԺһо𳪹ԺҪԷħ
Ȼھͷ֮󣬷̨֮µֵסħ壬һܹȫۿֵ󶷷
ʱʵĻ֮Уһ֮ʣ޿ɵֵһ˫ħצȥħ֮Уһƺߣħһ˫ۣӰֶ
һжڵʯ֮䣬һж¶һͿ̲ļ軨û˿˹̣ǶĽ
̧ۿȥħѪۣ˫ƶ˾ͽȻڣȴûһƵ˵һսȴ˾ͽ˵ʤβ
ħǲŵĿԼ˫צ뷢ԵγѪҺȼգһѪȼЪ˹ĴܣôһС
˾ͽɳֽһȻħνк
㣬㿴ħͷǸϲߣ˾ˣȻˣҲȥ仨ˮԺӢӵͷҲˡΨ²ҵ˵
⻰Ȼ󣬵ڳħĺڸ֣ʮ֮ڷ紵ݶ֪һװû
һħһ˫ѪɨȼЦãΪӮôΪôãҾ͸ͬھӹΣҲҪħŵ޾׷ɱ֮£
⻰˾ͽɫһ䣬һݣħҪԱСģ
軨ɫҲһ䣬һ̲һȻʧԭء
ħѾʼԱЦţҲ׷ϣ̧һѪɫƷɿտУɢԹĿʧķǶҪҪ
䣬˾ͽ˺εȽٶûзɳأħȻըǱը֮ǰ˶ǿʮֹһĺڸΪ۷󹥻Ǻڸ¶Ҫˡ
˾ͽɫһ䣬Ҫʲôֶӹôһ٣ǰ⻪һһͭǰɫϲҲ룬һͷ㳯ײȥ


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˾ͽײǾ˲䣬Ǳըպӿ֮Ϲ⻪һת˴Ӷʧ
תۣ˾ͽ˱һռ֮СǼ軨á̲һռ䡣Ϊףһ͸ĹֽУԼܹΡ
ʱպÿԼһɱը֮ڹ֮ϣ͸ִƺʱҪһ㡣
˾ͽʦ֣һ֮Ȼ̲ܹųⱬը̫֮ǿҪסˣСûЩֲ軨ǿһЦϷţȻЩȣ΢΢š
˾ͽ˼״˵ͷȴһѪ˳ؿڲܶ
˾ͽʦ֣ôˣѵ뱻ô붡Хǵģæǰס
˾ͽҡҡͷǹһ˿ЦħҲȻԡʮȫҲⲻЩˡǲõģԵáֻ֮ڲתˣΣûнʦһ֮
⻰Ȼ˾ͽ˵ƣȴҲ˵ͷתԪҪǮһע̲֮С𵤸ֵ̲ϵĹֶʱȶ˲١
ⱬըһһը̲ϣٴμơҲһԣҲ׷ԼԪҲע֮ͭС
һȻսķѲСԴȪ˵̨͵֮иֳɽ̻˴ζķѵļһɶ̻ȴ٣ȻҲϧҲͭȥ
ⱬը֮಻һʮûȫɢȥȴһæͳҩʼҩسʯһ׾һǧʯɢӿĻظ
һǮ֮ϧѣ鵤ûм׹ҲںġʱƣͷЩͷ
̲ӦþǼ軨е鱦ˣҲһⱲӽӴĵһ鱦ȻǱ˵ģܹҹעһӶ˰ɣӵ͵߷Ϊ֮Ǽ˼鱦ԷΪԷΪۺϷ꣬Խԣ鱦еʲôԵأ
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ԼжɣҲ֪û꣬Ǵ˽һҲ֪Ҫʲôʱٴ̽һ̽鱦İˡ
¶ģһ̨֮гһ˿౦ľķİ֮Ͷ֮ͭСͶͭ˲䣬պһը֮ͬʱֹɴߵǿ̶ȡ˶˼άֹϣǼ軨Ҳûע⵽һС
һͷ֣󲿷ͷ֮һͬ߶ͭһͷŶ౦ľͭ
һۿȥͭȻ޾һ㡣̽Ѱһ̲һģһͭڿСʱ˷ʮͭע룬֮ͭųӫӫ⻪ǽ˻סĹɫһ޶
˵һͭ鱦̲ĺڡʮǿ鶯һĸоһ㡣ϸȥͭľ֮УȻװŸʽľӣǸʽľ֮лиСľӣԼԼЩһޱȵ󷨣ɸĴ󣬴ϣȻһơ
ģʮöƣÿһöĸӳ̶ȶԵֵùһƷнƼôܣ⵽ʲôֶΣôô飡һ״֪ƷѡһͭҲ˵鱦ƵѶȾƷԲɽİٱǧ
һ⸴ӵˣ׼ٿһʱ򣬺һ֮ͭɨɨռ䡣ֻɽؽ¥֮ǡ񡯲ŸͬĸоֻһӴͣȴҲ䡣
ã鷢ˣӣһȻ֪ζԸҲðգҺö౦ľã鱦֮д󼸺û˿谭̲ڵɨʱصڡ
˲䣬軨üͷ΢΢һǾ쵽ʲôԣͷ̲֮̽ȴʲôûз֣齻ͬҲûнҲֻԼоˣ֯˵ֵһɱը֮


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ħԱֻʣһɣֻҪȹȥ˱ʱȫˡһǰͬĸоһȦը֮дƺʲôѹͷģЩڡ
ǵըԽԽǳĸоԽԽŨȻоȴֻͷѹһȴ㡣
ջͷһæͨСʩչһϸϸĺ˿ϡûһзӦֻ˵˶ûио˿Ĵڡ
ϸȥΨ˾ͽ˺ͼ軨ϵĺ˿ǱʲôֿűȽһЩ˲ΪߵͣƵĺ˿һࡣܿʲô
֮Ȼͬʵʵھ֮û뵽ħȻʱ̲ʩչ񶾵ֶΡ϶ˣҲ⣬ܾ㣬ҵ취С
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ֻǺһմȾָûУ˲ʧƺûгֹһ㡣һ˲䣬һҽдָ֮д
ģ䣬˭Ѫ֮ʩչ䣬ܣѾԱֻ꣬Ѫģ
ǰټˣһЦſڵ
ʲôʲôˣԣǻħСӣ֮ѵҲħ˲ɣ
ǰʧˣӣʲôħˣ
ô֮ôǿ󣬻ܽҵϵԣ֮ģʩչģʲô취Ȼֵܹ֮Ըҡⲻܣһȷţ
ⷽ磡һʲɵͷһʱʮΣܽϵ䣬Ҫɵ
ħͷڷкʱЦСӵˣ
Ҫʲ
ħûкһȥһѹһָ֮ĳһӰһСʮ౶ħԱ֮µꡣ
ħŵʱôſ񣬵ֻʣһлꡣԵʿ˵û֮ܿԷռһǹ̥ǵɷͬޣܻԪӤһ֮
ħл͵һѹҳҲŪơǽ͵һħ˴һֱӾ͵̨֮ȥˡ
̨֮һ磬ħʶҲû뵽ûѹζһ쳹̨
䣬ط⣬գȻ
һ䣬÷⣬ķ׷ħͺȥ۴УմǾġħħĺΪҲǰģס˷Ȼǲ
СӣʲôֶζʹɣϷҪһȺ汳أ
ߣڤ粻飬Ǿ͹ֲˣҶӳѹȻ
ħЦʱڿлյıҶһӱӰи־ģɽ⣬һԶħ֮С

ħʶãʱΪ⣬һʩչޣɡ֮УһΪʵӰħ֡ħɢȻһƽ͵ЦֺʮҶһݣת߿һݣ⾹ȻǶһ
СأԸ鸽£
ʲôȻܹ˵һҲһǵһ˵ǰҲԪӤڵ꣬Ԫ֮дģûʶ
һ֪ʽҲæѯħԵɣֻǿڵз֮
ħ⻰ֿɬһСȻ˶ֶζԸߣ߼¡֮ħŲ֮أС֪Ҳǲֻ࣬һܹջء
Ŷа취ʩչɣһһзţͷϲæջء
ħ˫ֺʮһǡдʣ˲Ϣ֮䣬˿ƾճ֣ħ֮ϡЩ˿һƣħ궼˼֣ɫҰޱȡ
ߣջأС䷴ɣӦã
һջأҲħɲɣһ֣Ҷ֮⣬㽫ħ֮ͬһͬ롣
лߴȱС˶ߣǰ˵䣬ħͶ뱴ҶһӰ
һڴͬʱͷųʱǱըƻûеϵ֮ĺ˿ȻͷϲͬʱҲ˽֮ͭС


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֮һȥ˶ʱһᣬתҲָǰѸٺͷһҲ룬߶ס̲ķ֮
ȻģϽħԱһҲйϡ̲еȻһ۵ĴȴҲ衣
ʱ˾ͽˣȻǰһսħشҲû̫ùˣڳԼ軨Ϊ
λʦʦãѰһط滹飬˾ͽʦָֻ£Σ
⻰˲顣ʹ軨Ҫʹ̲Ѱһõطʱ򡣺һ˿𵴴ңԶĵط
ҲͰˣ軨𵤵ӣХ½üͷһ壬Ǳߡ
Ƭ֮һһ˿𵴴ƺԶһЩ𵴵ǿЩϵ𵴴˷֮еҲܵ𵴵Ӱ죬һЩɼĲƣ˴һ˿ܵĸо
㣬ʲô飿ѾͷҲоæʵ
軨ҡҡͷҲ֪ħԱ֮ħͷĲðɣ
һ⻰Ҫ̨֮ȥѯħʱǵ˵˾ͽ˾Ȼһ׵ļѪɫѲ֮ʱв֮ħŽƣȻƻ˲٣ĸࡣٵɣֻû뵽ħݶȻʯٵֶΣ
ƻ⻰һǳߵĻ̸УߵĴɣ׼񣬻Ǻ죬Ǿġħһŭ֮¾ȻⷽԲԻ٣ɼֶôŨͷжôˡ
Х벻ͨʵƻȻܹһƬߵĻĮҵȸɵȴûʲôӰ죬ħͷǵòʧô
˾ͽ˵ʹϮѪ˿軨״æȡһö浤͵˾ͽУڵ˾ͽʦСÿڣȷʦһͷˡ
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һ֮󣬺Ϻ˶軨˵һ⻪ųȥ˼һƣħŵʲô
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һ֮󣬱ݹ⼱ٶһƬɽϿȴͣȺ󽫶ݹ䵽ɽͷ֮ϡ
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صص˵ͷͺȵԨʦܣƸӾ˵˵Ǹ׷Сӡ
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ȺһҲ⣬ֻкСȥ׼¾ƲˣԼҲץһٻ
˾㣬һһյҲ˵ֻơһ̺СУͲſˤӣ󺰰ܼˡЩƶǵģҲֻܿŶ˺ȣԼͷˡ
һһʱ˸ʣһ֮ʱǺҲֻ֣ҡҡͷԼһ˹


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ţһƣһѯʵĿǺӡ
˫֮⣬˳ǣҺľƣҲ㳢һҵľƣ
ô˵һҲƴǣֱ̧һյֻǾҺ峺ˮҲŨɢмַ㣬ƺٻЩƣȴֲǡ
յŵߣϸϸһȷȻٻͬһڡҺ¶ǣһֵ¸оͷζٻĻȣȴǱһζһһڣüͷһ塣죬һڣüͷø̲סһ
ΣǺɵĿһһۣʵ
þƣһ˵ͷһھޱȣ˵Ǿƣ˵ǲ裻ڶڲŨǾƵζھζŨŨ֮оȻԴζӳɣһȻˮһ㣬ȴʤǰ
һӲͷ̧Ҳһ´һؿڵʱüëһǷʲôһ㣬ȴҡͷ̾˿ȴһе뷨ſˡ
ٿһʱɫָԭ״˵ͷ㲻ȾƣƷƣҲЩƼԼƣֻһ˺ȹ㷽ǵڶˡȴһζգգ
¹ˣ²ǺȵöˣЩоһͽЦ
ȵöˣӿ˿һԼƿƿӣһ˿֮ɫһЦøȵöˣðð
һԣԷвšҲ׼Խ֮͡Ѱʳ̻Ψ裬ϲá˭˶ôʯԻ㣬ƣϡġصȰٻ𡯶̸֧ԼҪЩˡ
ָָһٻһ΢΢һЦ֪¿Ǿˣûоˡ
˵һ¥תͷȥȴһ׷ͯգЩϢİ׷ͷƷųȴһ֡
ͷСæǰϰ壡
׷ͷҾ¥ϰ壬һֱǰϷԺ̣˵һλǰȴó𣬲֪ǷλС磿
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ԺЦĵ˵ͷ˵ʲôƿɫ΢΢һ䣬һ˵ͷҲٹֱӳ߹ȥλϷƵֶΣֻҪԸ⣬ϷԸκδۣ
ԭ䷽ġһԭҲҪθ˵
ͷǾ¥΢΢˿Ժ̡
ǣԺ̲֪Ϊʡ
ǺãȻҵֶΣҲ޷ֻ˵죬ֻζɻ£
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ģ˽أֻԵɣǲġ
ˣۣǼ۸ʣϷҲ±ǡ
ãƵֶΣȥǣҪĴۣҲ棬ֻҪѭȥǡ˵ţӻͳһ˹ȥ
Ժû뵽ô򵥱õ֣ûֹ˼æùӿ޵ԭˡԭˡţϷĴô
˵ͷĴۣ
Ժţ˵ͷ˾Ϸоʮ껹Ҫǿϲ٣оƵóɣáҶ࡯ÿԴۣǡ
ö˵ǲӦˣ
ţϷӦϷȻӦ
ǺãһҪȾƣҲҪõĶȥɣ
⻰Ȼ̫񣬵ǲԺ̵˺ôûиκδۣλƽϣæԸСźãȥ
鷳ȥˣһƣҷǣ˵һҪ壬һû뵽鷳»ûн˴Σƺ˰ɣ˵꣬ƣ
ʱһŲɫֻжƣǾŨٺһЦ˹
ΪһָأǺӣȵʲôƣԼʹãǼȣ
ǺǣǸ˵
ߣǸ˵˭˵
ŶԭˣҴˣƲҵģģҪұˣı㡮һ
ޣľƣǺãǺҲ٣ӦûдٽҵֵܺȺˣҲһô򡭡ߺߡ
һԻȻ˵ͷ˵ĵҲǣǸøһƲǡȾȴϸλݣӦûһȷŶԡ


 ֮
һ˵˲һ㶣ΪһƵ˵⻰ʲô˼
ٺ٣ʲô˼˵˵أ˵䣬ָһһϸ΢׹ɶ̽Ʈ˳һ㳯ն˹ȥ
߾ҪʲôԣΪ˾һն׹̽ͬʱˣһ־ŭӣãһɱһ㡣
ԴƬ̣ʹ
һ˹֣תˡ˻ûʱ֪ǵݡħڵѲħŵӡ
ħڵû뵽ǣһܹıòܹϢ벻ǣʵһǣΪ˶鷳ˡʶЩѰ̽Ͳûʲô
˵˹֮ǰҪһٱ֮ҪþƼ롣ҿλħŵǳѪʳģⱥ¾ͲˡƣǿһġֻƾʹʶλҲ˵ĺã
ʲôҿڳԣСС֮Уڱ˽ٵǰҪ׽㣬ۡ񻹸ҲֻҪǷųϢȥҲӲ
ǺǣԭˣǶлˡ˿ĵǾ͵ˣ
һЦ̣䣬һ˳ֱ̧㽫֮ųպðסڶһط׵֮ԣȴй¶һ˿ΪռԭҲİһ
һ˲㶯֣ħŵҲ׼Ϊ֮ƣħħʩչһֵ׹̽һ׼δѶ档
ǺǣλҪȾô˾ͲҪ߰ɣкþأ֮ã
һ˷ѰӰʱһͷ˸оҲΪæֵֵ̧һ죬һеĴ󵶾Ȼ뽣Ӳϣգۼ㲼һơ
ãǷɽҪ֮ӲƴΪһ˴һ̧һѪڴͷס⣬Ӿ˳
Ǻǣû뵽ǾȻ֪зҲãɱǣҲ߯ȤĥҪӣǾ͸պúˡ
ŪħŵӣͷƣʱŭϧǮĽһȥ
زʣۻ߲ǿߵĶʳѵħŵ²Ա֮ʩˣɱ޹֮ˣҲǱˣ
Ҳ𻰣ֻͷɱû뵽֮¾Ȼ׹̽һĽˣҪ֮ıԵ
ٺ٣һ򽣣֮򣬽ģ
⽫ҪͻƵ˲䣬һ׹̽Ķʱһ͡ħŵΪᵽҪʩչͻƣȴ̽ȴʧ˹ɡǳԾǣǱһ㣬ȻҲͻƲˡϸȥЩ̽һ㣬鶯ʮֹܹʹü򵥵Ľойʵֻɲ
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⻰ʲôһ룬ͷǡǶſڱ㽫ѪֱӹϡΪһһƶȻһǣȻһǿ֡
ֶΣӲһģһҲɱֻ֣ǾʲôֶΡ
߾ӣɱ˴һһѪѪ֮Уֱ̧㳯һ˹
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һҪֵ˲䣬һЦߺߣмˣ
̧һָѪɸɴըһֱ񷶥Ȼһһֲ֮һ
ãʱ򣡡˼ϲ̧ʮ׷
ߣȻ⣬ǵóѣһͷһµ׹̽׷ȥážž죬һ顣
һһ䣬һħȻײһ׹̽˳ȥ
ȻȹעħԪһͷһת֪ħʿǵרŷֹԼء
ħŵӵ룬
ߣǶһˣʮù⣬ɱһһһ㽫ʮùľó
ʮ׹⽣Ȼ֮ǰĴ䣬ʵǷ̶ȶߡзɽ壬һȥħŵӻûʤϲñ㳢ʹࡣ
һնħͷһȴ֪ԼҪӡˣ⿪֮Уһ㣬ơϸȥϾȻһǰӵʲô


 Ʒ֪
л³һ˹л
ҺȾƵʱжȥͽžԣⶫպôǰץаʲôæ
˵ָһ飬һϸ΢ĵܳһʣžһ㻯̣ɢȥµͬʱֽһպÿճһƺ֮˱֮ûʲôܹĵˡ
һһĻǰΪ׵֮ǰԷʩչ֮㽫ǹעħԪ飬ϻ򵥼֡ͷһת֪ԷΪȻڽһ
˵öԣžԵĶԸɨȥǾͶлɨȥⶫ¾ͽҶྴһɣ˵ţһץԷľƺҲһյһ
һ˵Իǵûһ˿񣬷ѵõ¶һ˿Ц˵ͷץһٻҲ
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ûҡҡͷѾ˵꣬ƵĲӳȥ
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ֻҪҵһ̣֮ɽϢ£˵ڣ貨ţҶţƮһԪڣŶܹ֪
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Ҫһ¾ΥһʶɨֻһЦͷЦСӣѾӲˣǳɣ
һһ֪׷ɱԼ֮һͬʱҲ֪ԼĶȻٶȲݹ⣬ǱʶɨУҲӲáҲһƮ棬ֱԳ
һնгԨħŵӡʱһĿһû뵽Ҳƻ֪ɽ֮ơֻǱ͵ȥĶĿ㿴ⲻҵġҲӲˣ
һٺһЦԭˣû뵽һйô뷨գգǵѣ벻áһֻʣһˡҿⲻӦýеɽӦýзֱ֮ƲŶ԰ɣ
ߣɽҲãֱ֮ҲգУʲôƲ߶ãվһ
ҲҲǵɽ˼ƾʧˣǷֱ֮ƣǾǳɹˣλһҪҲɣ
ţԨüͷһ壬һɱôӣҲɵС˼֣˷ʶһɨԲ֮ȴûһڣŷ
ҹŪ飬ΪһܹնɱӱҲ񡣷ҲУΪұߣԹһЩҶǸˣ
ȰһĻһҡҡͷͷһС׽˴ǡšֵ겻ԶֻҪС׳ɱ˴ˣʱǱħħͷ֪ǰҲˡ
ڴʱһӺ洫ȴ뾡Īʹ׿ն¡


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ʫɵƪơһһʫڳ˿ȥղй֮ͬԵ˭ˡ
ʲôˣѵҲ֮һԨɫ΢䣬ʶɨȻԱߵ˶ûз֡νзնɣȻҪС£﷭˴
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⣬ܣѵԪӤ˲ɣԨͷһùʱȴҶ
һͼȻעôహĶҸָɹ۰ɣ˿ͼ̧һץһ㣬֮ץС
Ԩϲһһָͼȵ̰ҵıǻᣬұ
Ȼһɱը֮ͼ˲ƻҩͰһ㣬ʱҪը
ߣŵĶħͷֱ֮ˣٱǲǱȻ㲻ҪˣҾͰһæˣֶΣӡǣ˰ɣ˵ţ̧ͼһĨյ׹Ҳͼһɨ
һžͼ֮Щ֮һɨͬʱһҽдԨǹһ˿ѪȻӡǱˡ
һݵĿԨ֪㾣ǰ˺ҲԸ˶Էͷһתſһ磬һѪ׺ݵĹħ˳ֱҲһžҪߡ
ͷβˣһ㽫Ѫ۹ħȥһ˲䣬һԵһˣһԶѰٶȳǳԨ׷ȥȻ׷Է
ԨֻһԷ׷ȻҪһ·Ҳһ֡
ߺߣ˭˭֪ӳʮù⣬϶ΪһնħһԹãһȻû׼һ˲価һԷնȥ


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ԨȻΪûһ·ֻǻæ֣㲻һҲԸһˡ֪ôһССʿǵٶȿ죬Ҳǿı̬׹ᣬʮһһּΪζħڸָевС
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һָһܣֻǳ˳˹ٶȸǲ
ѵҪˣã˳ɱܹѣǹһԨͷ΢ϲһָһǰ˲䣬ϵЦ֮ɫ
׻а֣
һ˲䣬Ǽסۡһ±㵯ʮعֲعֱ㽫һָһٶȽԶһ١
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Ԩͷɬޱȣ˲ʩչֶλסԼ֮󣬾ҪתӣȴһϾƷȶʿУҲ˵ƾƵġ
νѡǧټסһʱȴҪѣһԲüơһתٶȸһ֣˲һķΧ
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һЦһ𽣳һ֮Уа֮ڡ⽣֮ڳһɣиһ򽣵Ľ⣬նħа
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ѵǽôͷڳԨͷ˲䣬һľʹƮѪġžǡһֱ۷ⲻǳԨֱ˭˵ġ
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ڵĵڶԨʹæʩչֶΣҪֵһʧûȫֵһȫһأӲɣλǶ֡
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˽һĽ֮޽򽣣ҾֶΣ
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ѽѽɱˣҪһһӱ˹
˲䣬ԭվڵȻһ̧־ץסǴ󵶣ԾЦħŵӾϲԶôҵľԱˣ˶£ãɣ
ţһû뵽ԷٳְԼͷһתץԨʬ䵽ϣȻѧ֣ϿյĶ


 
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ѵԨʦܵɵģˣˣȻǴ˽ˣŻᱻСӸɱˡ˾ȻֶܹУʵȻǿˣУϾҵܣ˿ɲ㡣
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ǺǣҸ˶һû뵽㵨Сǻʲô˼ȥգʮѵĻ˻֣ͷһ׹ľٴλظ
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±͸ͨ£ֳȣԸøֻ֪֪࣬˵˵ˣԴ֮󡭡
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ħŲأǵһؽ磬ȻͿ̿˵飬ΪӣȻܾʹԹۡ
⻰˵ͷҲ˵ʲôָָԶǰԶţӦţҲȥɣ˵ԴΪ´ѶӦŴ١˵ţӻͳһ壬ϿšһԪ֡
ţһԪڵӣһȻͷ²һԷݣ֤ʵȻƣ֮ġһԪڡҲɵ΢΢Ծ
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ţʦţȻһԪڵӣŹϵҲȻҪһ
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ʦ֣֪ǷһͬȥǻҪ죿
ʱѶֻҪ㴦ˣһЩҪԵԻˣɰ˰֣ҲһΣһʮ֮⡣
سɴ磡һһͨͨɣû뵽ձˡ
ԶȥҲ֪ԼҪЩʱΪ˰ȫʹ̽ϢҲ˲ʱ䣬ȷʵǽϢȥΪҪ
ħڵ׷һһӣҲϾĺڵĴħͷǰ𽣹һ̳ŷȥ
㹦ŵڡﲢʲôУǷ˵ĳǳءžУûһ㲻гһ˳С
һôһֵĳ֣ŵӵӣæһͬΪĵӣƷӴ
һ̸һŵҵ˽⣬ʼôෲ˵ʱƷЦ֪־Ϸ˶໹߶ࣿ
ȻǷ˶ˣǧҲԳһ֮ˣɼܹ֮࣬ġ
Ǻǣ˱ˣͨϢܴһֱԴ˴ÿ˽Ϣ֪ţרŴ֮ŵóõĶûЩˣſҲƲϡ֪ˡ
ԭˣһԻȻ
ˣ֪ǰЩʲôϢ뱾Ž׵ģҪϢҪϢ
һһЦ²ǰȴһϢҪҲһϢҪݡ
⻰Ʒ˵ͷһֵһ㽫һȥˡ
һʱ֮󣬶˴߳ƷһЦǲ֪ݣҪǲǶһȺˣ飬ȴʯһ㶼


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ƷĻһЦҡͷ⻰ɾ˵ĲˡϢǷųȥҲ֪Ҫ׬Ǯʯأ
ƷԿЦŵ˵ͷȻһһϢϢһһأ׬˽ʯҲǴ׬
ⲻǻݰˣֻȥϢˣ˵ħˣʦֵܳˣɾĿ
Ʒæͷ˵ǣȷʵá
бǣϢ֪ͨţƿƲ´ҲΪ鷳һæѵ
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ţҲãһ׶Է˼ϾԭԴɵռ𵴣ҪЩϹֱתռ֮͹ȴҲﵽ棬漯ᣬУİȫһЩ
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ļ۸񣬱˵ɢޣСͣ͵ɼ嶼һżõóҾֻаᣬѳ̶ȸࡣ
֮⣬Щ˵֮ڣǼи򣬻Ǽ¼šЩļ۸͸ߵͲһˣԪӤһҲҪʮʯʿһٶʯܵ֡
ȻЩһ˵ȴûֵ̫ϾҪйҪ˽⣬нϤĽ̵ʵڲиСôһڣܶණԼ֪
תһȦûʲôջʱ򣬺һƵͼǰһ˿ʶĸоӿͷͷһ̽˹ȥŲͼϸûһ
һźôͼǰȥʵ֪ŲͼǳԺ֣֮
ǻƼһôһǰæЦǰʵĿһͼٺ٣ǰ۹治һŴ˵ǧ֮ǰŵʥһһǰ˲ðԪӤΪһֵǳ뻯ȼʻɶˣ˲õĴ
һüɫĽܣһûдϣһݡԪӤΪĸ˿ʮһоͲ˵ˡ˵г֮ΣɣʵʵԪӤͬĺħһ棬ȡЩɹء
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ƶʱ˿ǣֻڨڨһЦǰ޹֣СҲֻƹ˵ԵΣƹҲ˵ǰΪľֻ±ϣר޴˵ҲЩ΢ôġ
⣡һüͷ΢壬ֻ⣬⣬ûһ˵ϹŴжϾдиǲڣܴнὣ⣬˵Ҳͨ黭֮⡣
ǻƼһüһôһæȡ˲ͼݹǰԺ˵ܲЩҲأ
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ڶûоͼİŷһԣû뵽ҵһţȻһӱ˸Ӧ
һüͷ壬ǻֻԼʲô£Ҫȥƹæ˭֪һһˮƬŲͼֵΣ±ǣ
ڻǧл֮£һһöʯļ۸ͼߡ˺û˼飬صƷԼŵĿͷ֮У㽫ͼ˳ǰ


 
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һԻ͵ģΪĴ֮С˸ϣͯӡˡˣ˵λ
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ʦ֣ʲô龹ȻڤӽҵټѵʲôҪڲɣ
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ʦܺαżʦֽǻȻ޵ķʸͺúŰɣ˿ڵ
ðɣðɣʦֿ˵ɣȻȴҲ֪ء
λʦֵܣҲ֪ǰɽ˾ͽ˴ǰȥ̽ɱڵӵ˰ɣ
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ħţϸλʦȡɣ˵䣬˽һöУ̧һָ֮һ׹⣬俪һööС
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һֱڵһԣ⻰΢΢ͷʦܹˣֻǴ¿ħͼǾʹԴ֮ռˣº粼ֶһ㣬ۣһʰϸΣָһ㣬ȴûеóһҪϸϸݷɡ
áͼ֣üͷһ塣Ψ˺ٺһЦãħսҲǧˣ˴һս֪ڵĳǰ
⻰ѵûзԣͷ˵ĲħҪȻóѣ룬ħٴݱ顣
ħڲض꣬ڿϴٳҲһ׽˳ǵĻᣡҲʾͬ⡣
˿ڣڶ೤Ҳ׷ױʾԼ뷨˶ս⣬ΨϱֳĬȴҲûзԡ
һʱ֮һݹɳֱɽͷɽϣƽϡϡӰȻܿһʹսǰ׼һ㡣


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ȴ˵һһŲͼ֣æصС˺Щ󷨽ƣŰ̧һŲͼϡ
ϸ۲һһŲͼȷʵʮƣҪ˵ʲôһǾµֵǺóʲôʥһī϶Щ㣬ԭŲͼϽһЩģˡ
˵黭ּңѵŲͼһţȴʥʲɡһŲͼȻܹҵĽܲ˵һзӦɣˣô붼ǿյģͽУһԲ֪
һ˵ץǺһŲͼһ˿Сһ˿ȴʯһ㣬ûһ㷴Ӧ
Ȼľʹ˷ڶʹ˲٣һ˽ȥڶֻԼʹźĲͼһ˿Ҳûһ㷴Ӧ
ֻôһ㷴Ӧҵܹ߶㾹Ȼǣãããҽ֪ҵ
һ˼öҩ׼һȣ㽫ǽͬҪǮһ˽ȥһɣɣɣĳɣɣǲͼһ㷴Ӧ
ϡ
ȻһӲͼϴֻһƮȻɵĽԾȻͼϣһһͼīи֧飬Գһһʣݵ־両ϡȻһŲͼһģһ
⣬ѵνīʲôʥģֻһʱˣҵĽȴֳĿôһԾĲ²
֪һ²СһŲͼ˵ͼϵͼīȷʵǡʥżȻõֻͼĺãƳһŻΪһЩ飬ˣʧˣĴ䡣ֻû뵽ǧ֮Ȼһõԭ
һŲͼԪһ΢΢ЩĲ˵һиͼĽнƣУнϽ̵ԼҲ޳ɽ˼ᶨĽ⣬Ҳ԰ζ
ʲô⣬ֱǽ⣬ԲʲôӦó֮ΪͼŶԡѰһţ˵ҲܲϵȵĽɣ
֮䣬һһԵһŲͼȥҲçײˣתҩָ˼֣߳ɣſʼ֡
ȻɵעУһŲͼҲǰһվͼӦ͡ڽ֮ﵽߵʱŲͼȻɾ𣬵ӣȴ覵ںһջΪһͼ
ͼҲõģǲͼһšǰȴǺ˲١һ־Ȼܹһ߱ٶȼֻҪһṩһ㽣ֽܹ
ԿϺӧ⹳˪ѩȴǿˣƺһʫһʫÿһʻһϳһֱһУһ仰ƺһ׽оȻȡ⽣˷ֺ;ԣƺҪʤһ
һǰǰͷײ֪Сӣ֮䣬ϽĶܶ࣬˽⣬ǿļʶһۿȻܾͽһ׽ѧᣬҲԼס̶ȡóĽۣȴԼԾѡ
˵֮ھͨƽʽܹҲʽӲúáϻ˵ڼ֮ԲȽǲúòһ£½ҲҪҲʶôˣ
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ħŽôһæ񣬰һһ׼ãһţֱšֵĴ⡣
ʱšѾվߡһоѹޱȣԶԣЩȴһ鶼ûСΪǸӦȻҲӦѹĴڡ
ƷһæкŸһλá
֣㿴ϢųȥȻðɣ
ţһͷһת֪Ʒ˼ȻϸһӦЩϤĸо
áһ֮ϻһӣһȻӿ֮˳һҴһҾ޴ޱȵĴ
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ţȻʦֵ˵һһ˫Ʒɽ˲Сͣ
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һ֪Ҫ֪ԼǷΪûܲμԶʣȴʵʵûʲôʵġϾ˴ջ񶼲˵ͷסԼļ壬ѪˣǲջΪˣûʲôڵġ
һϲûһ˿ڵӣͷԵͷǺһЦ߰ɣҴȥѡҪĽ
ţѡѵֱӷôһҲɵóһ
ֱӷ䣬ȻҲ˵˲ǵ飬ǺαأʱΪӭսħţ¥ڵһ𸮣䱦伮ӦоУ˿ڣȻķΧ֮ڣѡˡ
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һſϡƽϸȥȴԷƽĲ档һ۹⿴򵥵һԽԼˣֱɱ
Ҳӣֱ̧㽫Լưϡø֨һŻ򿪣һ״Ŀռһǰ
߰ɣһ֣һɾ㴫һ㳯ײȥ
ʮǿһ𵤵ӽ룬Ҳ˲䱻飬һźϱ޾գܿͨС
֮½̤ʵأһʽһǰ⻹㣬һʶӱһɨ֮󣬱ʧ
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һҲ亹ֱðͷһ·һһȻŽ³ϣڵĸ֡ȴھȻزֿ⣬Ǻεȴֱʡ˵ҲСδС˵ɼʵҪ߼˷ףҲӦʮҪĵطɣ
߰ɣĽͨʣǴ˴ħŴս׼ö档ֻԭĽҲǲѡЩģ屶ŽһݣƷı㹻ȡļˣƷҲӦÿȡһƷЩЩϼһҲ۲ĽǲһЩġ
ϣⱦﻹҪֵΣ뵤ҩͷЩһ㣿
ǺǣͨĵҩͷʲôģϱҪϱģٵƷҩԲȴڡȻǶͨġкЩĲϣ챦⹦ص䣬зӡޡǺǣѰ򲻵ġǲμӽ׻ᣬȵȣܵõĺö֮ԷƷǵ̶һ˵ͬıͬѰҩֵǿʮֹмУ󰡣
⻰һЩ뷨ԽŨ񡣽źϳȥȻڼ䣬ֱǣȻǷű࣬ΪɵӷʺϵĶ
ֻܽ͵һûóóȻĽĳһ䣬㿪ѯһ֮дһЩֲͷԿһأͬʱЦݵĽһ
л֮һɽһǳȥɽһ⣬ǽһУ᾽ֻЩ˿ƣнɱˡ
Ѱˣǹߡν뱦һһɽԡһ佣ı⣬ǽĵطηŹһһ֮䣬㽫һͨ룬뽣֮УǿһЩ
ⱦʮʱ䣬ýǿ֡Ȼ࣬ٳɶ࣬ɲͬӣһܹﵽһɣһ½ǿȱ㳬ѰԪħԪˡ
ɽԪУһҲ˴Ŀġһ䱦֮ıǱÿһԲһƷԲƷԲƷԲƷԲƷԲƷԲƷǾûˡϾֱǵ󾳽ĸҲҪķѾ²ƶɵġ
Щʽ̽խ󽣡ҲʮַḻҲ˵з硢סȵԣмħС⵹˵ħŹֻǽ֮һħһ֪мħħħܷǿ
ƷԲɽ֣ҲҪɽһЩϣҲѰһЩǷɽıЩﶼΧšڡ
˵ĥ³ЩĥʯĴڡһЩĻǿʯǺƵĴڡʹЩĥʯĥ±һɹǿӱԣڿơ
бһ顮׾ʯĥ±ƷԲġ׽̱׵֮Ժתģ׵֮ڽɽһƷν
ˡĥʯ֮⣬ЩÿһǽޣʿĶ˼Щؽ䣬ĶƷ䣬⽣Ҳʮ
Щ֮Уҩ֮෴٣ǻƴĵҩеһöҩһԾģȻСɷӼϽ˵̷ܹ֮ıԪԣϽͽǿ
⡮ɷֺãһһ֪Ƿ˽ɷƶɡȶվЧҲԶԶĽɷǡҪһҪΣҲ˰ٱǻ֮ˣȲľҪѡһԼѾ޳ɽȻ벻ķˡ
ߵ⾡ͷʱһСһööӨ壬˿˿Ӱ಻ϣƺ轣һ㡣


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򣡡һһ˵һ֮ˣտԽһ򶼴һ֮УǵˣԽн⡣ǽ֮ˣĺö
һʱһͷǡԪԪܽо⡮ȴֻܽĸܱ֤ȫˡɼԪȴǴĲ㡣
ˣⶫܹվſڵˣһ߿ö֮Ľһ硣Ҳ˵һԼ򽣵ˣǵõһö򽣵ġ򡯣ǾͿֱӿС
ʶԴһҲʮġϸЩˮһ飬ȴʧޱȡĲ˵ԭ˴򽣵ˮֻһöֵһƷĵΣҲ˵һĽǲġ
źͬʱҲȻˣϾɽҲкЩûͨ򽣵ⶫ˵ĻͱЩϸȥˣﻹֵõ
ܻȡ򡯣һȤҲС˲١ֻڡĥʯ֮ѡһöƷġױ顯öȻ确׾ʯ˼һģ׵֮⣬飬ʹöԱĿǿ١һʿʹƷԲɽ˵ȴһЩ
ȻһҲû׼תֽһʹ֮еĽ磬ſϳ
ϣױ顯˵һ֮󡣺˿Ҳûйһʱ䣬һЩ򡯣һûѡЩźȻ֪һ񲻵򽣵ڶԲڲ򽣵ͲˡϾԪӤڽϵҲһˮ׼ˡ
ڡ塯һڶѡȴǡɽ⡣ΪҲ롮塯һ㣬Ҫרĳһû̫ôΨɽǺɰٴֱﶼб档
롮ɽ֮УֱĿʽķҩϣͼӡޣ˵֮жӦоСϸһЩ鱦ƬȻȲƬȻԭ鱦ãҲЩãһܹͬѰĺöֻЩƬĶһƷܹõġ
ؼǶ಻ЩܵĴڣС¼ǹ־һƷܹͬȡġ
ı˵ÿһһкܴÿһյС뷨̫ʵգѡҲԿǺü
֮һһףöӣһö֮вʲô⹦һСӡطǺǳƷ˵öӡȡħħͷѪɡһ߶ըͬħͷԱ
һս˾ͽħɡӡĺħԱһֱը֮ĸдʮ̣ͷҲԼиʮöö֣ĺħҲ£ֱ׳ȥʲôϹﶼöܡ
Ȼһӡʵط൱һƷı⣬һһöᵤҩų쵤ֱǡ쵤쵤쵤öҩļƷҩҩЧ߽ᵤɹʣȻǰɣöЧɼʣǿĺöˡ
Щ˳뺫鿴ȷ֮˱⣬ںϵĴ֮£صɽһ¥֮еפء
¥ʮı沢Ʒ˵Ĵֻǲװ塣ʮ־޴Ŀռ䣬½ûʲô졣ɽһڣ澹ȻкЩ̨ʱкЩ̨϶䡣Եúò֡
ϴһע⡣мμɴȵĵӾʱһ֪ԼԭٲǵĬĬνķ
һһŵڡ֮·ʱԲĳ費ڽĵʽ̵֮УǴԼĽûзУҲûе⣬ֻ̹Ȼܰˡ
ʱһŴ󽣵ĺӭ˭ˡ
ˣʦܣĲ԰˵̨һսû뵽Ȼ˸ӣٺ٣˴ڱץסɲˣҴսһܷߣ
⻰һһ硣Ȼ˵ãҲԿԼĽҲԼ̨ȥ
ʱһȻ½⣬Գʹһ˫ɽȡɴȵһͥ


 ڵ
ʦܣڻˣͥЦݵ˹
ʦ֣ϲʦֶôȵһһæϲ
Ǻǣˣ
ߣ΢΢һߡ
ͥʶ֪꣬ԷƢҲ̫⣬һĶһûʦһսȴʮź飡
ʦֹˣܹλʦһսСϣأһȻһ֣Լá
Ǻǣʦܹǫˣʦܵʵ˵һ͸ãλʦһħʵȻвСԽİɣ
뷨һҲû˿ε˼ֻǲÿɷЦЦ
һԵвͷصĺһαô룬̨ȥһ֪ˣŮһ㣡
⻰һͥһЦһһԴ֪Ůεʦ֣Сڴˣͽһ
˵ǣʦɲܿһŴ
תͷȥһһŮ˳Ůһɫȹ纮΢ЩƵһѩǱɽˡԣŮѩǲ˺üһغһЦݣ崺硣
ǺǣԭǱʦúͳʦٳ֪ʲô罫Ƕˣͥʶһ㣬˱æк
Ǳʦ΢΢˵ͷ˵ֻǿвӺǺһЦλʦ֣˵һλ꿡ܣһʦܣջع飬ȻҪһ
Ǻǣԭˣλʦܣʦһ£λٳǱˮƱͲľϻ˷ǵһս˵ã˺˫ϲսʱǿһ˴αɴȣ˫˲ʦһҲӮأ
ȻͥܣһҲ֪ɽʮС֮ɴ˳ֻ֡ǻ֪˫ݵ¡æһʦһʦ㣬ʦ֡
ϻǺһЦʦܶˡһȻǱɽһĵһˣ⽣һ
һһˣ⽣ţһЦû뵽ܻôһͷʲôʲôͷ㲻ʲôУʵʵʵΪںġ
ȻһȴⲻסƱŲˬҲٺҪϱȶ˱ͥסȻݳ˽֮⣬һ˴֮еΪ
һһЩ˴ʷɾ֮˵Ĺǵ̸˾ͽħͷһսʱԼҲԺ֮лһգ˾ͽ˽޽򽣡ȫʩչĳ
ô˴ڳһĽѡϾܹ˾ͽȽȫ֣ʩչ߾ĽǺεȵѵã˵һΪҲǲܵġ
ʦ˼ǣ˾ͽʦǡϻеĵ
ͥҡҡͷ޷˾ͽʦ֣貨ŵĻӢӣҲͬĴڣʦ˵˾ͽʦֵֻҪձܹãȻǲ޴󰭡ο⣬гϣοǰȥԸȥˣ
ԽԱʾͬ⡣һͷ֪ǡ̲ڻͲϵǵЩĺħԳ֣ҲˡҾĺħ֣Ǽ軨ֶΣȻҲܱݡ
˼ʱֻ֮һһ֮⣬Ͼ
ڵˣҼħɱһɱˣһƲæȥ
һǲ֪ͥæ͵ѾĿĵصʾʦջعУ˿ϢϢ
ŶڡšѾٺˣҲضϢʱҪ֣ʦθʾ˺أ
ʦܹȻǺģ
ߣһȥȥɣ
ͲӰһһͬ˽⳯װȥ
װ֮ϣԶһڶɫŨһӣǷһ֮ʱĵط
⣬Ȼħŷˣ󷨣Ҳ֪λʦֵˣ
һ뵽ʱ򣬱ɫ¥Ϸɳȥһϵڵӣ֮նɱħˣ
ͬʱħ֮дģô죡
ǻû˵֮꣬Уһɫʮ⻪һʮ⻪ȻһƬһСɽһİâֱӳħѹȥ


һ Ѫħ
ǵâֱֱѹȥûײһ𣬷ħں֮͸Űââ֮дźںâ֮ȴϸСıը
һ֣һȺŹɽ
ǾŹɽϳˣ
ǾŹɽĳϣ̫֮ˣǾŹɽӸȻûгԿ
սĦ֮氡

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һȴǺڰ׶ɫĹźȻѿһ϶ĵֱӷСһȻը촫ѷԵһǿҵıը
ϣ
һͨ콣һħ󣬺һһƿڳħϣǰһѷγʮֽ档
һһͷħӰӿֱħ֮СǽһƣħӰնͷ­ɢ
һЦͼǰµĵ֮лһŹ⻪˳
Ӳˣһȴħ֮дܳһѪһžͳĵǹ˹
ߣһ䣬ֻһʵɽƾճֱ֣Ѫײһ𣬺Ȼըһǿĳ˷ɢȥĵ磬ͬһ磬һͬų٣ųͨ¥ɹ
һŭӺ洫вѷɫ֮ǰѪԵĴз׷׷֮˳֣ǽǷһһˣܿҪŹͨ¥֮ϡ
һ˲䣬һѪ֮ǰȻըһѪɫӰնѪɫ֮УһͨҲֻԼöԷĿ࣬һѪɫսף෢òȴǿˡ
°ɣһֱ̧һͨѪ˳֡
ǰѪˣ׷֮еĳæֳ֣˶Ը棬ʣͬʱʩչжԸѪˡ
ʱֻͬʱУһƥһɫ֮ΣһһƬơ
УÿһжԪӤȫ֣ÿһеν񡣵Ѫ˶ϣ۶ϣ֮û䣬ƸǱȾѪɫȻֵûС
ڴʱһ⣬һ׹⣬һŹ⻪֮зѪײһ˲䣬⻯׹ף򵱿ɢգۼ䣬ǽ׷׷ݻٵǧ
С뱾֣Ǿ͹ֲñԼúýѵһˣ
һ̧һ㣬Ѫ˶Ȼһͣ˼Ѫˮʱʧ˶ǵһֱڽ֮ϡʱǽһܳص֮УҲ𲻼Ѫ֮⣬Ҳͬһص֮С
ߣѪħܽԼҵӣҿ̸ѵãձҲѵѵɣ
һ֪˭˴ʲôط˲֪һȴ֪ģɽһͯӡһǲֵģ˾ͽ״ӣ裬ԷȻҲͬڣȻ̲סˡ
䣬һ󽣴ֱָѪħȥ
߾֣ҳ֣ãǣѪħһѪ˶ʱѪ𣬳Ǵײȥ
ߣβҳ֣Ҫħͷ
ѪһײȻֱ˲䣬˿ǱĴ֮Ϸһۿȥ˿ֹЩ˿ѪһһʣѪҲ׷ױ
ø֣ǿսñʶʶĳҵħѪǿɣ
ȻҪ֪жһ䣬˿ٴλһʱͯҲԳͷٺһЦб¾͸ɣ
ѪħԴЦߣѵǴսеӣ
ͯӵҲϣǺٺЦˣȻ㲻£Ǻãս´Ҿȥűˣ
ѪħҪЮζһ㳯ͯӷ˹ȥһǰһֱӴƲ㣬ʧǰֻԼһ֮ȻƲ֮ϴս
ͯӳֽѪħסԮȵܿصͨ¥֮ϣЩ׷ħųԶԶ㲻ҳ֣Ͼͨ¥൱ڵĴӪ˵жٸڣǰҲֻˡ
䵽װ֮ϣԳλϺ͹֮һһʱһû٣һˣǵͬˡ
˶ԶԶţ𾴻ĽΨһӭȥϾйһҲǵˣȻҪǰӭӡ
λʦʦ㣬ʦڲУˣ


߶ Сƹ
⻰˽ԵͷƽʱЦ˾ͽҲ΢΢һЦʦܸգʦܶ񣬴˴һۣʦܵ׹
һæ˾ͽʦˣ˴ʦȫʩΪħˣмʦԼλʦʦЭҲǲɵģ׹һ˵ȴǵáλʦ֣֪
һĻ΢΢ԾĿ˿СѾͷһЦʲôʦ֣λǴһԪĪʦ֣Ҳôôͳʦˣѵ类ʲôѪħŴ˲ɡ
ʲôĪʦ֣һҲһæ˹ȥһֻöԷϴμ棬˼Ƿϣ˼ֺ
ʦҪְʦϲ˼ģ֮˵Ƿգʶûʵ棬ʦܼ²ǰĪˬЦЦ˹һļ˿ĵطգգۣСƭʦܼٻȣɲҪʦҰ
һͷЦѡǱĪһʹ׵ֶ֮˽ύ֮ġԨһսŷֶԷʵΪԶˡ˵ʱЩ²ݡҲû뵽ԼӢĽ֮еû뵽ԷһƹʶԼ֪ԷһԪڵӵʱҲûоǴųӢĽܵһ˵Ī
Ȼʱ˵֤ʵҲûвŵɡǰ׶ԸѪħһУƲ˾ͽ˵Ľ˷ֺʵȷʵӢĽˡ
һԼӢĽʶ˵ʱһԼλҲȥϢ˳˾ͽˣԼΪɵӵļ軨ĪˡһҲΪһеˣѡ˷ס
ƿħ֮ħѸȥҲûг׷ʶûʲôս¡һҲһ½ͯѪħһζԾǧѷĳ
ҹһʱ򣬱ſȥȴվſڡȻĪͼСѾͷ
Ҳ֪Լ˻ǡϣͬıĪ˸طóƺͺǺƶȻʧٴλָǷ߶ţиطܹȾˣ
СѾͷĴ˿ȤȻţһûһرģ˼˸ط
һҲЩ˽ˣȴҲŪĿЦáտЦſڵ֪Īʦ̶֡ʦʲô°
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棡
ͬʱڣöԷĴ𰸲һĪʲôǼŸĪʦ־֪ȾƣȾʲôõġ
㻹ǸӣζþȤζ˵ţһڡ
һǺǿЦҡҡͷҲ֪˵ЩʲôĪһЦȻһ£֧һǰǼٻĴۣ
ţʦ˵Цˣưˡ͵СˣҪʲôۣ
ʦܹȻǼƼֵǧʯɲСĿο⼸ʮҵһºȵٻ𣬽ʦܵ֡ȻҪʦǣ򡭡˵ţԽԽͳƺʲô顣
⻰ͻȻ˾æһֵǧʯľƣʲôô̶ҲҪԿ
һٴαһһСŪȻ˵ʲôʱȴĪָ
СѾͷ˵ĺãҪԺþƲǣʦܵ˵ʣ࣬羡óһ֧Σ
Ⱦƿԣȴǲء
ĪûһĻӻͳһöֱ˹ϴμʦġ⽣ƣ׵֮ȴûеõĶÿ԰һ㣡
һ⻰Ȼϲȴ뵽Щ˿Щĵлʦֺ⣬ʦΪСܴŹ棬Ҳв
ĪԹһЦʦܷģʦ֮һЩĵãһӡҴһǰ˶ҲϼֶΣ뱾Ź޹أɷ£ӦԵֵϼٻ˰ɣ
⻰һлĻվû˵ڡϾ׵֮֮һ޴ĿԽܵõĪڽڱ֮ĵã䲻Լ̾ϣ˲ٿԡ󼴱㲻ܳɹҲ治١
лĻһ䡰лʦֳȫ˵ĪԹһЦæһó
ǼСѾͷһһС˵磬̶ûĪʦôûоʣ粻̶ϳȥɣʵڲУ̶ѽľ͵ʦֺ
⻰һûСѾͷǺЦҡͷѡ˵鱦ϲ˵СѾͷȡȡˣӢӵĶҪ
Ҳ޻ֻһʣİٻóһʮĵĽ͵õصȰٻҲȡСݸĪ
Īһţ˫۱ðǼʲôϵܿȡһСƿתһյľһǴ˾ǧ𲻻ʦֵĳˣֻȰʦãǧٲҪˣԼʹãҲǲҲҪ
⻰һʱ֪ĪϳֻȻ߼ȴһʯܻһҲûʲôر𡣲ռĪأָҪƣʱ֮л˵𵤲ܺƣˣĽƲŵӿռһ㡣
صȰٻʮٻҲǼֵʯģ˿ˣǽ𵤸ҲҪĿࡣ
ڳˣһƹһǲΪ⣬ֱӱ㿪û뵽һνӴƵļ̣ٻ绨ŨһľҺһӱϲˡȻѷɫĪֺ
ĪȾƣһֹڼ̣ҲҪȰһû뵽СѾͷһЦ˵ûϵ̶˵ĪʦúȵģͲ½ˣ
һԶԵǣƵĪ仰ǵûвˣЦųƺòᡣ
һһСƹһﻹʲô˵ֻܳ˻ԼҲһˡ


 ħ֮ս
˵˾ͽ˵һս֮ħűգһԪڣҶţ貨Ҳ½
ڵͨ¥ƣҶź貨ŶǲӵľͷֱһԺһƬƣֱҶԺ̲ƺ֮ʱ˿ͨ¥ߵһ𣬿Ǹǧ˵ӣҲ
ǱΪִţһԪڵղڨڨ٣һɽƿնһԪפءɽһ֣ɵɽɷܱСɽ֮ʢҲңֻңһԪ̫٣ˡ
ȴһ㲻Ϊɽ֮ٶǽһԪӤϣ֣һ㲻٣ҪһЩȫ㹻ֲĲ졣ƣҲѹܽڶѹƣΪһˡ
פ֮أһͬͬˣ˴ҲȻͷưţִϢ֮󣬿·ڸǰҲ֮
뼯ͬʱħǱȻҲжԭõħ⣬ħںսħȺǰһʱ֮䣬ħȺνսǧһ
սһвһ㡣ĪͼСƹ⣬ͥȽ֮
Ī֮һоʱɱײ֮ʢᣬӢĽ֮һΪһｲо飬ȻʶȴҲԸŹᣬѯ˼䡣
Īӱͺˬ֮ǽ̸пһϣȴҲûвˣ˳ԡȻ˵ԣ˵ĪڷԼ顣֮˴档
νֽס𣬺ܿһʮʮ٣Щйϵûϵ˶ǰһסĵطһ᳡Īˣ⣻ûҵȴͬʱ໥֣̽д輼գͨޡ
⡮᳡һЩڵǰʱȻϰˣһֵ㹻󣬿¶Ҫȥˡ
мڴˣһԼҪһ䷿ЩʱĸջҪչز򣬲ܽЩΪãΪʵʵڵ
һչرһʱ䡣ڱչ֮ǰͥˣ㻽Լֱأûһ춯ҵͬʱҲɾɻ
ָһϸĽ򵽷ϣһƽ֨һŴһۿȥԴæ֮⣬ûп̫Ĳͬ
ףѵħž˳ħôల£˼䶨Ȼʲôҵȥһʡ
һͷһҪȥͥˡǰȴһٷСò״һæĵӣָһ˵ֻҪװϱҵˡ
ȻҵˣһҲʣֱӳװϷȥװ֮ϣһȺȺڵأ͵ûһǷ𣬳Զȥ
ףһŮһԴһתͷ֪˭
ţ̶ʦôûл貨ŵ̲ƺѵ͵ܳɣ
̽һЦŲأҿǷʦסʦֵģһΣգ͸Ѷأ
һԲȻȻ֪ʦֵʲô뷨һ𵤸ϲţͬʱţνġʹšɣ
ڴ£ҲʣֻǿڽЩʱյһ¡˭֪»ãһСѾͷһĲ⡣һĺȰ֮£Ž˵˳
ԭһչ֮󲻾ã㱬ħ˫սȻħǷ˱£֪ǻսһһӵһ־ǺɨһƬ𲻵áʶȡֻ֮ͬ𵤶ħҪ󣬶ȡ׽ɱ
Ϊ˼ɵӵʿŸɶ䲼˽ʩնɱһԷӪĵӣԻöٹٽȵȡЩѰʱֵܳġʶһӱ㼤еӵĶ־
ˣһµʱ䣬ħ˫ɱͣڴҶбֶΣ˫дͬڳԵҪɱԷȴǺѣʶҲ˵Ķ࣬١˵ĵӣϽҽκ֮󣬱ٴͶս
һһ뵽Լչ֮ǰ˵ǱҪýѡΪʲôԼչأȴԼˡ
һʱ䣬Ҳһʵгһȴ֪Σã
һˣս֮ҪǰȥҪȴСѾͷץס
ţ̶ʦã㻹ʲôô
ǲҪȥҰɣ
㲻ҪչˡʦôʵȥӦҲûʲôɣ
ߣǽ㲻ȥ˵ʲôʵ֣Ȼмܲסʲôģʵ̶ʵɽһ֣ߣ˭Ƕ֡
һЦǼʦ㷢θҴȥأ
̺¶һЦݣİɣ˵ˣǲض¶ĸ֣ҸһȥҲ˵ʲôġ


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СѾͷĻһŰɣնɱʮħŵӣһħڵնɱʵͬʱҲ١˼һתҲü̸ԼʲôΣայͷӦ
һĴ𸴣СѾͷ裬ߺűҪǰ·һҲÿɷ񣬼𽣹ȥ
һǰһûãһƬɽ֮Сһ΢Ŀռ𵴴ȻΪ񱩣ա·һӶΪɡ˵һٻ˴֮ϣʶطĿռ𵴶ָˣ˴ȴþûиԭ
ٷɲԶһɱһʹ⣬ըӰӰݺСѾͷǻϲĽкţǰһħƴĵص㡣
˴жʮԸħӰڹսһӣʱ׼սʱ˴ʶһ뼧̶˲ۡ
ս֮ϣʱʮӣֱڡҶš貨ŵӣһԪڣ˴ûмϾһԪ٣Ķǽϵĸ֣˴һ֪ĵطûҲ
һһۿȥսҵͥڴ˴ȻȥһսԿ˼ۣһ㿴Щ˴ħŵӱӶңȻΪϢȴвͬ
ЩħŵһħŨȻħ⻹һЩȻЩϢЩ˶ħոɵӡһһ·նɱħŵ֮УɶǱħո֮ˣЩ˻ûеõħڣֶλ죬ʵҪһصġ
Ҳ֪ħŽЩΪ˴ɳڻҵģ
һţʱһҽдħŵǺոĵӣʵѰħŵӶȲϣ˵ȸ֡ƴҲǶһħʩչȴһ飬һֱȡʺɥ
նɱһħͷһ߻ѡһЦֽ̧ԷͷѪȡ˳Ǵնɱħŵӵ֤
Ҫ˻Ϣʱ򣬱ħһܳһڹֱǰԳĿһµĹӸ磬ֱħŴǰ̣
öԷȻŴʱǰսüͷ΢壬սΪֶرǿʶû׼ϢʱҲĲ٣ȴħŵӽսɵó
߼׷״޳ܣͣǴֶȴԴһЦǵѲӦսҲͰˣĳΪնɱħźЩӣӢһ࣬û뵽ҲܱĹܰˣ
⻰˵Զ˵ȴһͨȻСüͷ΢壬һá
ȻǳԲüһ֮£㱻ŭѽѽһøħˣСӡߣ˵սˣʮ˰ˣҲӭսҪħ֪ҵ
һҲ֪Լ㣬ȳ֡һֱ̧㽫߾նʩչǴּӦսǹһüƵЦݣ̧һһѪɫ޳֣
սıսپһ߾նǰնʩչնһҪȡԷ
ҲħڵӣһħƮ죬ʹǳУʶȻǿðζʰ
ڶ˶֮ʱǴһĨһӰ֣˫֣ʵһأȻǶܹƴ޵ƣӲն
ͷȻ֪ãһſһ磬һ˳ͳһһģһĴС
ħӣȻ˹ƣҲǵһʹ÷ˣˣ߾ն󽭣
һ䣬ֵķ滻ԭ󽣣Ȼһǣ͵һţĸҲצȻſѪڣ㳯ɱ˹ȥ
㾹ȻзããȻƵʹãʶʶħֶΰɣֺݺһЦ̧ӳһöѪܵԲԼ֮䣬д洫
һӶײȥԲ˲䣬һɺըħ׷ӿļͷУȻһͷǰͬһģһȻǱʩչħȥ˹ħ
ߺߣ󽭣Ҿȥ⣬ʩչ
վһԵһһɫ΢䣬ħԪ


 
ȫ߶ʩչ˲䣬Ǿйħĺֱǻԡգ֮䣬ͨĻ㰵ȥ漴һûƬ׷ɢ
ô߾նٺɱаʼʩչһУҪһŤתǬ
Ǻ˹ķѶǵնȻʩչһԵϢԽԽʱҪԭΡ
˻һХǻһ⻪ȥǲɻС
ħԪħԪҲǶ֣֪ԷƽԼֶεķȻħԪ֪ħϵĸ֣ʩչֻƵҲմȾһħԪˣԲô࣬ôǿԽԼħԪ
㣬ҴڽһĸаɣӲģħԪ̥ħԪ֮ɱɣֵһЦ󶯷ǹħһӣǵصû
öԷٽħԪʩչͷһûתӣӭϣԷɽסһǴɱ˹ȥ
ߣҪҹħԪ̥޳ɽ𵤣ϧˣҲûлˣЦһָֻһöԲ磬ƣһӰݺ̧һף֮зųĺһ˶ĻУʩչֻܷƲ
ħ𵤣üһһʿȻȶⶫħڸҲ֣ܵħԪȻͱ˵ġǰʦֶ˿ڻˡ˵ħԤıҪɱӢӡ
һͷһ˼һ֪ӣԼȣ·ϲǲǰȣ˵ҲҪǴС
ʱһǼҲǽĿųϣСЩһ˫ָǱȻͣ
ͷһתһʱ⣬й̶һСѾͷ֮ЦŨŨڵ磬ȫ̶ˡ
һԣҡҡͷԲУһ£ҲҪðűʦķգȫȨ֣˵ñʦʹһء
СѾͷŲһףƤʵǿֲ貨ŵӣҽŲҴأοʲô̶˵ţץһҡβᡣ
һҲ֪صˣοϴӦȻһ̾ˣȻ̶㲻ϰæԼ־ˣô˴νͻȥͽʦ㣬˵ʲôƶǸĵط̶ʦýȥҲܳɴأ
áƶ֣ɫһ䣬Ÿ죬һԹĿһβŵðɣ̶־ˣôӦңպȥƶɵǡ
һСѾͷӦһЦ̶ʦֻҪ˴γְæպ˵ϻȻǡ
⻰һЦ˳ǰĿһʱԼ˵ȻӦҲڡ
ķɵ棬׼֮󣬼һһЦһŮȥҲһݣ⳯սϷȥ
ʱս֮ħԪɵĺ᧿Σȴûһȥǲͬ꣬ǶĹأܹԼӳԷ׷ɱӳɱҲԹˡʶ˿ͷţҲֻǶԷȻ̷ˡ
ʱһ糡УһŮħӣ˭뱾Ůһս
⻰ħһ΢΢ɣûзɳŮһЦЩˣռ̫ĵ̣Ůʩչ˿һ䣬һԲ浴ȥ
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ּ״üͷһһۿȥ㷢ּ̽²ŵһķɽһ²һѰɽΪͬڡ
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һĻֵħУȴмйµ˼Ͼһ棬޵еڴ£˭˻лʤĻᣬǱ¶ϼѡ
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ȷһûв֮ЦãѣҪӺˣ
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״һһܹȥͬʱ˵ħԪǸ߽ԪߵԪһ㡣߶ǿޱȣһʮҵ֮ܵСȴʩչʹѷɫˣ
ּһȻѸ٣ȴҲģֻ⻰һЦΣѵƾɽ£͸һսôߣЦͷǶһϢĺá
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һ˰㣬ҲһЩ˼һ㼥һЦû뵽ӳ˶Ƥ֮⣬Ҳֻӱܣ㻹ʲôúöȥܱأ
һδţɹҵضǹһ˿Цˣ˵ţαͣ
ּ״ͷȻʲô⣬ѷĺûȴԸһЦһɡһħԪƥǵصĳһȥ
һ״δЦһ˵ħԪһλ⣬ұ˵˵ڶ⡣ȡԭɣרħ˰ɣ
ͷһ𣬲֪һǸʲôȴһشֻǴ߶ħԪһȥ
һҲش𣬼ȱȻƣȱԪûȫħԪʶħԪ⣡
ʱڶƥѾһΧסˮйͨˣһЦΣֻҪܽնɱǾ㹻ˣ
ûһһЦħڸʩչħԪĳ˵õ䡣ȱ
ͷ֮ԽԽأһ󣬵ͺһߣϻ̫ʱ䣬·ˣ
һ˫һУ΢΢һЦлѹգĳ񻹲·õһԽðɣӡ


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ħԪƥһ˲䣬һӸ֮ϴ֮ߴֱ͸ͬһ㣬һƬը𶯲ѡ
Ҳľֳʲô⣬æٻشħԪסԼȥһ⣬ûһ㶯
㣡ƭңҪֶʱԼƭæĶħԪһɱȥû롣
˭֪һûκζ˼վԭأ֮֮ôġôһ߶Ҳһ˿ơҲˣ㹻Ӧˣ
ͱһԼ̬ȼŭˣ⻰ֻںƭԼνŭͷ򵨱һȫ߶ħԪͷԷҪ̵ķʽɱԼˡ
һѾԼĿģ֮ٶǹһ˿Цɿ𷨾ſȵ֮򡣡
һ䣬һΪģһƾյȼۡ촫ЩСϸȥȻȫϸĽΡ
ΪһƣһЦҪУˣ·ɣ
һҡҡͷ˵ţ̧һ㣬׽һħԪƥ˹ȥ
ֱӵײûһ㼼ɴڡ⼸ΪϾħԪǸ߼ĴڣʩչֱӶԺ䣬ֻܱķֱˡ
ӵ˲䣬˵ӶħԪƥȻͬ˿ƥһ㣬ӭŹ׷˺飬һֵûС
ȫȻΨһĺǼСѾͷģСѾͷƺ׼һӮһ㣬ȸԾᡣ
ܣʹõĿħԪôܱȥܣּ
һתǡ֮ħԪһɨգſһ׵֮У븹ȥˡ
ּһĶҵԵɣЦһˣһʲôƣһֻһҵħԪ޾Ҫ˵ţ󶯣ǡħԪ̥֮ٷų
öԷ֣һ»΢΢һЦű˵ħԪ޵Сû뵽Ȼڤ粻Ǿݹĳֲˣ
һ䣬һմлԣ׹ƣ֮
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ЦҲʲôԪ̥ΪҾͲз
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ߣ˭ҲȲ㣬ľȥǣһ˵һ䣬̧һУ㽫ϵĴȵмֵĶУûħԪ̥ȻҲ⡣һ˿ѪҲ˿Уɱĵһħŵӡ
ڴֵʬ壬һûжද̧һͻħһӪ
ҲħӪֵ翪ֱǰڱѯΡ
ΪֱֱȥɵӡһڣӼ̡ˡȣһȫ֪һԵݡ
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һǵʹƾԼһնͷһ˺Щ֮⣬Ƚһ̾Լ²λʦܵĵˡ
һѯʣֻ΢΢һЦ˵ԪģҪ޴󰭡Ǽ̼һУϲϷţҪ˵һ˵ЩʲôֶΡ
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߰ նħ
ħӱȶǻˣɱ˾ߣ˵һҪһſϰݡһȥһ̾Ϣ֮˷ħһȴǼžĲ˵ΪһʵѾǼѹȫһĴҲħһĴˣȻϣˡ
ȴ˵һʹȥСѾͷò׳һˣôȥȻǧԸ⡣һһ֮£´λһսȥŵԣͣ
صͨ¥֮УСѾͷȥػ٣һֱӻصУʼܽһս
һս˵ѶȣûСϾԪħԪͬһĴڡԷõħԪֶαƽ⣬һʱεɥû˼ֿڳ¡֮һ飬ֻһΪֶ֮Σһˡ
֮֮Īһ־ݺûеֱԼһߡȻĪûֶγɾӢĽܵһ˵ţǾͲö֪ˡ
ʵֶΣԪӤ֮ϣʼȵ˲пѧġĪǽڱܹط֮⣬Ҳ츳Եɡ
ǻһˣ˵ܹ֮ǸӦ¶ϼѵġ
һĪûбľ鴫֮󣬽š⽣̨֮ոĽԣĥһֶǽ֮򡯲áӡֶΣͨԶ֮ĸӦ
һչڼ䣬ڴ±ֻǲһʵǴһսѵõĺûᡣһԾԷħԪÿ֮
һһãȻ˳˳ˮ֮ʱվһСû֮֮ʱҲǼϲòһ֮עԼ׵֮С
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һĻ˿ǼѹȫһԼȴ˵⻹ǲ⣬ֻǾпռھ֮ʹԼұ죬вһ㽫Էնɱ
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תͷԺһ֮ܿȥˡ
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ΨһץסɵǣʮദսȴûظҲòħŵӼеսսϡЩҪɱħŵӣ߮ûսս
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˵֮Уͷ¶һΪҲԹȻûѲ²⡣ʱȴǲЩ֮˵ֻǾڷУһ
ΪɷͬޣʶͷͬǿֹʶԷֻͷһߴĥΪһ߿Բ֮ͨȵ񡣶бҶѹ֮壬˼аħˣʮࡣ
ʱһ˿֮ѾſȥȴǼСѾͷվ⣬ֻɫЩƽʱǰЦ


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üһ˼һת뵽ʲô΢Ц̶ʦãôˣѵǼʦҪرô
̱һ⻰Сһӱ粻Ǻˣ̶رŲҽܽ¶ȥն
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ǣ߰ɣһҲ˵رշţ㳯ȥСѾͷ״æȥ¶һ˿Ц
һͨһжУԼ̵˽⣬β֪Ѿͷ죬ٱǹҹҲɵȥϾĲ˵ԼҲн飬ʲô⣬Եǰȥֵġ
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ʹݵĶǱ貨ŵزǧɺĿıΣܹĻеͽʿ任ݵϼ֮
һиıĿֶΣҲС̤ѩ޺ۡıϢȴûСԶһͬʹݡҲΪ˲ɣ˵նħӵ貨ŵӵݡ
˽תıȽϰս֮Ҳûʲô˵ӡսһǰһΣڳħӶΪնħٴι١
ʱս֮ȴѰͬûʮаӶҲûиֵȴһŰɷԲš
󣡡һϲ󷨡󷨴쵽̣ΪƵһҲ֮йأ˵󷨶ĺۼڡ
֮ǰʶͬε󷨲ΧſֹƾȻһءһоԼ֮УҲҪЩܳ
һɻҪҪһʵʱ򣬱֮дҽСٵħӣɻ˸һսǿʮһϣ


 Ҷ
һһһƬ಻ϵĻħһŭðβħŵӷɳʮˣһֶͬΣͶȥˡ
һ̡Щȴһ鶼ûзһ㣬ƽЩ졣㹦ûһ㶯
һǿЩŵҲԱһҶݵĵѯһҶŵӲʿӵĿڲż㲻۱Ī⣬Ҳǿ粻á
һԼһ㶼ΪͿȴСһʦܡ໥֮󣬲Ž˼渵ǰԵɣԼ²Ҳ˵һ
ԭսҲһʱ֮ǰ顣һ㲼󷨣ħŵӡЩħŵӼޣú󷨵ȴȻȥһ仰Ǵˡ
УߺҪһζˣûеǡ
˵޲ú˵ָǵԵΪϵ͵£Ƕ󣬳ǲ󷨵Ϊ̫̫߳࣬߼Ǿ˲١
ٿڱĸߺҪˣħŵӱԱŰﻹסһűȥ
û㹦ħŵӱûϢҲϢȻھҪˡ
˵˶ʦֻռŵĻ󣬿ҲҪ³
漣ǣʱ䣬ħŵӴ򹷣һȥءٴοڣһӾǵҪˡ
һ£ͱˣħŵ֮Ȼеĺ£ȴǲа˸ҲҪԷնɱˡŰ˸˷ӵ룬ʵһħŵӷ񣬰˸ħŵڴ֮ٶ˷ţٷ˵Ȼȫˡ
̶һʱʮħŵڴ֮Сһ̣ħӣɵ뵽Ƕ˵ʮֺöԸôǽ֮ǰޣܲУǲ󷨣Ҳֻĸ˱ܸ㶨ôѵЩ˵ǴģǿĲǽޣ޲ɡ
˼ǧʱ֮еĺ˶ڵȴʤ
ҶŵӵĽܺͷ֮£һ϶Լͷ뷨һл֮ǰ
СѾͷȻһǰȴҲ֪ʽȶ㲻ܳ֡һæһؼüŪۣС磬ǲǻҪ̶̶֣ɲҪæ̶з֣һżȳʦֵġ
һŪЩЦãԭѾͷųһѡͷһתҪѾͷѵ⽫ɫһڣ䵭˵һܹնɱʮһɱˣ
һ㶣û֮еĹ죬̶ָȻзǽޣһĻǸڵģ˵ɱġ
һһûбЦȻ˾Ҫ᳹ȥ֮ĮĵãȥɱһˣľŸʦ֣ǴƣʦֵֶΣҲܹǿԸһɣʱ˸
ţ˸ô㲻ǲܳô
㻹֪Ҳְ˸㹻Ƕ˷ʬʮˣ
һ⻰СѾͷʱһڽѵԼˣһСԵʮֿ
һ״Ȱοȴһһ˵ŮӺϣû뵽պö˶˵ʦȴŪ滨꣬λλ貨ŵʦã׷˺£ʦ˵һ˵ʦҿΪֹ
һ꣬¸٣ֳȣһɫݣԹһ˿Цݣһҹӵ
ǰ㳯̹˹֣׶һвм֮ɫ˵λѣҲɣξλ貨ŵʦѵ±˳Цô
˵ţתͷСѾͷλʦã£ʦҶŵӣ飬ɳ϶н飬Ҷһˣʲôҽؿ˸۸ͬʦãһӦ
˵ţųһȻһڸ֣ζȻֱָһˡ
һһСѾͷ뵽ôһ˵ƺЩǶôѾͷɫ붼װģ޷ЩΣλһĺǳ⡣
ôһλʦ֣ƺҲЩʵɵһҲͼϷ泪滨˵Сü̼ʦ֣ελʦ۸СãСЩ޷ֲͷݡ


һ ؽϾ
ȴ˵ҶԼ֮͸¶һ㣬һϵӡ˴ħ֮սݣȫԲزμӡ
һн񣻶Ϊϵ游ҲһôǴ˴ħս֮кЩƽʱɽ֮ԵӶСͷ
Ҳڼţ䲻˵ϴԼ϶ǰȴҲΪҶţ˲֮Ӱ죬ܲ˽ҵջҪһͷ
ҲǺ׼һս֮ϾҪġ뵽ոպһսϾȻƾҪһʮĴڡŴͷ׼һԺһ
һû£ȴǡǡǰһĻһǱˮôôǶ۸ŮӵϷ롣ΪҶŵľӢӣȻ򣬵Ӣ۾һҲǲġ
СѾͷͷһԼ游˵һЩ飬ϲŮȻռֱ貨ŵĴ壬μҸǿ˲֪٣ֱһĵӡλʦԲ󣬵ΪȴǲͣȻڼҲݣˣҵúú֮ദĲ˵Ժȥ貨һʵŮ˫ޣҲҪܶأ
ҶںһԪǵȴвͬǵɻ˫ޣСŮӺϡ˼ʶҶŵУʢŮӵ貨ȻǵʥڡٴҶ貨٣Ҳ˵ǡһˡԵڡ
һˣɫӺͻ˼֣һ̬ȣһ˹ֵλʦܣȴʧˣû䡣
һȻΪ̣ʵǰ֮ˣǶԷƽཻҲ֮ǶԷԼԷۼ̬Ⱥתβ֪Ϊ̵Եɡʶֻǵıһ䣬̫ɫ
Ҷ֮ϼ֮ߣ˴֮ǹȴɵͷ졣뵽ôһ貨ŵŮڳֻͷ˲С˹
ֻ˵ͷý̵һʦܣĲˣνǫǫСݣȻǼʦЩʲôҲö֮֮ǣοʦ貨ŵӣڵӣȻãȴҲֲѵɣ
һŵöԷ̬ȣʶѩ¶ҶŵӡҪһۿۡĿ˶Էһۣʦ̵ֽˣ
鱾ڼǰһǫǫ񣬵ûȴһ˻򵥵һ仰˵ҲҶŵӣѵڵӡԼĻԼ죬ȴĸб
СӣӺĽ̵ȴǲõúܣлᶨҪһͷԳԣԱڻ貨ŵСʦãʱŹһ
ͷ߷ߣȴǫǫЦݣûһĻֻתͷԼ̵ʦʲôʦ˵һ˵ְܳæģƴǡ
ԣץסһһ㣬滨֮оȻݸһЦӵԵóˡ
ýʦ̶֪ã˵˻ʹһλʦֳ嵽˴ҪħŵӱȶλʦˣʦҲ˵̶ǹⲻȥţš˵ţҪ
΢΢һЦһΪʲô飬ʦ÷ģҰˡڣܱλʦˣ֪˵һλȰһȰ˵ûֱȰȥأ
ģСѾͷΪϲʵ
ʦ˵˵һλɣ鲻ΪţԼ֮Ϊš
̵˵ͷתȥ̧һָϣǲô
ָȥָǳһʱһ㶣⣬ʦ˵ǲ󷨣һʮλ
̵˵ͷ¶һı飬ڴ顣
΢΢鶯ͷ뵽һʮȫ֣ټǼҲֻǿֵһʱ̡Ȼ󷨣Ҫɱʮˣֱǳ롣¹һʮħŵͬʱ֣ξԮˣֻ⼧ʦţˣƺڵӣԼǡ
ʦܣ֪ʶλʦ֣ͷʱһġ񡯿ѯʵ
ȻʶھŹɽʦ֣һҲ˵ʲô
ţԭˣ֪ʦ֪ܿλʦΪսħŵӣѵг𲻳ɣ
Ӧԩ޳𣡡
ǡ
黹ȥȴǱһӣʦְ֣ɣʦ²ˣ
鱾ʸƾ˿һڵӳ֣˼ȲúøУǴڡһСѾͷţлȴҲʲȥˡ
ʱһٲ飬תͷ㿴У˵̶ˣʦ־Ҫˣ


˶ аս
⻰̹Ȼס֮æתͷ뿴ȥһ£һʱûŪ˵ĹϵȴҲתͷȥ
һ΢΢һ˿ˣǰûʲôƳһһۣʲôҪˣֱװŪѵҪϷŪҲɣߣڵӣҲܸÿ
ҪԼʱһȴ֮дһŷԲɵ˲Ϣ֮һҲϡһӰҲǿܹ
ֻʮӰ֮ʮ̺Ѫ죬Ȼǰ֮еʮħŵӡ⻹оŸӰ˵֮б任ĻΡֻڼȴûٵӰ
ֵʱ֮ʮħŵԤıһͻȻһһӰΧȥһº֣ѡǵΣһնȥѪܵĽ⣬˲㽫Ǳ谭Ļն顣
˵һαն飬ڶͬѩһ㣬лξն顣տյ֮Уֻʣʮħŵӡ
αƣȴûбƿʮҲʹ֣һʼУҪ˳նɱŵĲ֮ˡ
ڴʱٵӰ¶Ȼ֮У˫΢أдʵƾ
òԼֱ֣ʮħŵӴϲһǰȥҪնɱ١˷ǵ˵ܵõٺǰʮħŵӵĲ˫յĺ¡
ٶǼҲδֻٽɵʱ򣬲źдʻȵԴ˳ɵ𣬳ɣ
ɡֵͬʱһ÷ԲɵĴ͵һ˲仯ɷԲŨޱȣΧС
˶Ծʱһ鶯һɷԲ֮дӦһһһĽħŵһŭҪʲôõһ㡣
ףҪᵤһ
ԣҲʲôʿᵤסѰ˶ҸطȵĽᵤ£û뵽ȴѡôķʽô̼ĵصᵤСѾͷҲǴˣܿԼһЩϵˡ
磬⡭軨Ŀһ
һ˵ͷʾԼ֪üͷ΢壬ȴҲЦʦ÷ģʱҲֵġ
Ȼľ⣬˺ܿͻָħһҽУǻʮӳֻɱ٣𵤡
Щʮ˽һͬʱ˵ͷ׷׹ֶΣɱȥȻɱġ
ãʱˣƳۿһԵһһۣһ㳯ϷȥһĨǳ֮֡ϣڣȻһɽ
ħͷȥݹĳˣ鵱նһȻ
ʮħŵӼöԷɽ֪ͣһһվڱȶȴƻأѵ޳ô
ߣаħʮһǲƽ֮λʦͻڼǻҪΧѵ޳ܣ鲻Ҷŵӣһеߵڰ׵ֶΡ
һȺħŵһʱһڴǰѽѽһУȥзҪ˵ȷ˭˷͹˭
á֣ͬʱ˫۷Ź⣬ˣ׷ӿҪɱ˶ᱦ
״Ҳţȡһɫħŵ۹ѣҶŵħ
һһΪռ˳ӣĵӷ׷ǰҲֹҶţں貨ŵŮҲ׷ӿǰȥһɱڣʮħŵŵòɢ
ʮ֮һ黫ģæ󺰵ҪǣħŵҲϰɱ˶ᱦɱ𵤰
ħһҲΪսʤ˺þãοϰݣ׷׽кű
һԭСӲûжħһӵϣȻȴ׷׳˳ȥ̶֮䣬ħеӼȫһƬӰܶɫ⻪תѪڹħ졣
һһЩ֮ˣֻһ뼧̻ûж
һͷʵд㣬û뵽ȴʲôҶˣҲûʲô˵ģֻǿСѾͷһۡ
СѾͷҲЩϾ٣硯ֶλܿƣħսʰ
һ۹⣬ҲЩ˸ͷǽʦ˸Ѫͷߣһ廨ͷһ鶼УŪô鷳ǲ̫Զˣûõļһ


 ǽ
ս֮ϣʩչֶüħŵӶһΪҶžӢӣңֹȻǲʹķɽеȣǼۣڡȻЩ
зЩͨħŵӣֱҪ̫ɡһһȣҪöԷ˼ѣ˺󡣶ϽǷ¶Էվ򣬿ҲƷ
ڶԸǰħŵӵͬʱͷȴǵԸħ쾭壬Ϊ˴εĴͷˣ䲻˵ȴҲ·ͷ
ټǻסǽ𵤵ʿҲ˵෬м½Ľ𵤵Ҳá˵ݲ̫ںһʿܹύһЩҲǺõġ
뵽ЩϾ֮໹濴˿ÿЩƵĵ˵ͷʤȯһ㡣֪СѾͷյһΪͷùѪͷˡ
磬⡭Сѯʵ
һһĮҲڷſЦѾͷҲ㳤ԣû뵽ǳЩ鷳ˣˣվҲЩΣҲˡ
СĵĿһһۣȻûٹԼСʵ磬Ǻأ
һ¶һЦݣ㲻ǺħŵӶһôһᣡ
ţСѾͷвסм軨ѹƣҲΥ಻ǵһʶʶְˡ⻰ȻԼ֣⻹˵
磬ô㲻˵ҳ֣³ΣôСѾͷϲȴЩš
˭֪һһΣգҿ㶷˲ΣգҲ֪ѾͷжֶΡ˴εĻ㴳ģȻ֮⣬֮һʦ֪£Ժܲܳ棬Ϳıˣ
Ҫ֪軨һ࣬һ仰֪лᡣСͨ죬Ҫʹֶκúñһ
һСѾͷҲ׼ãŵһߡȻս֮СţĸʽֶΣҲͷƤ飬߶Ҳ֪ƬսΪʲôħҪһЩϴʱ򻹲ϣʦһᵤɹɣ
һǰ̽ںϷħŵӼ˼룬ȻϣһֳֶһƬҪֱӽ𵱳
ߣħֶΣ⼿ֶΣ
һָһɽ͸ָϸ֮ȴԽԽӭڶ෨ʱ򣬸ǱˮͰϸһ׹˲佫Щһͨͨ˳
˼һһ֣ʱնħͷһţ׵֮նħҿӰ
һкЩ˳濴ȥЩħŵӶӶݵ׼ܿŭƨնħٻСҲûСǧɺնħǼһɱ
˵ߺüħŵӱһ˹˼״Ҳնħϰߣŷ׷׻ָ侲ս
СӣΪһ׵編ǡնħˣӿǼնħˣһֽɱ˲֪١Ҳ㵹ùðնħ˵սͲҪԶħŵĿգЦ˶ĿһʮԣҪԶ١
һһЦ˵ȴܻ˵˵ûеսЩ˰ɣҿնħ־޻ڰ
㣡һӱҪҪŭָ֮ܿɫŨŨٺЦСӣٷѴˣעҪģֵǣϣɱһ䣬ȻͻϮһ㳯һɱ˹
ߺߣ֪ĶһҲö˵ȥס٣Լ˽Ǽħŵɱ˹ȥ
ħŵһΪ඼ںˮ׼廨ŵֶΣѪħһʩųޣ۷ĳޡˡű˹һʹöһ˿Ʋ˹һֱٻƮɢħħսһʱ֮ŪĹǺϡ
Щֶһʹãǻһڸֵ֣ܹҲҪ÷һֽšһԣȴǼ򵥵ֻƾгһ磬ָʵ幥˵һ£ħҲ׷նɢΡ
һֻóûʩչֶΣħͷǵ£Щʧĵģǽޣ


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˵ħ䲻˵ټսƻڹԵɣ͹صȴǲࡣɱ˶ᱦ˵鶼ħŵӣ˵ħĴڡ
ͻսħӵսսΪ˻ͬţ壬һ˽Ҳ˳ɱħŵӣһЩô
ħŵȴǲͬǵĿڱǻˮ㣬õôھȲͬʦֵʲôģǶǴҪġ
ʶһһֳ֣׵ֶΡʱ㱻⼸ħŵΪǸ֡ȴҲǲƸĴʡǿٸߵĸ֣⼴ᵤҿ󷨵ˣҲһһֻҪǽɱһܻòٺô
ȴû뵽һȻʼһпƷȴʵʵǽǽ֮֮һһصصĽޡ
޳սǿ֮⣬һص㣬ʵʵڵΪרעڽһжע޵ĽУмֵıǱһЩҩҪ˵Ʋ˱˵ûС˵һսǿȴĽޣĿڲУӲͷ֮⣬ҲûĹͷ
ʦ֣ô죡ʩչ޵ħæѯʿԣҲ˹ȥ
ʿ˼һתƽ˵õͷߣѰĿ꣬һǰһ䳰ɵ÷˷ݵϲòѾˣ·Ȼȥ
⻰Ҳû飬ȴǲ֪ΪϴһʧȴǸ˺ܴĴۡ
һԷʱֳ֣ͣϾƻȶСѾͷǰ棬ҲΪػҲΣաöԷʲôȻչգȴҲ³Է⡣ʿĻ֪ҪЩ鷳ȴǲˡ
Ǻǣĳ··ɣȻܱ⣬һҲˣһ磬ٴǰ
Ƚ֮ħŵӼǼδδţһʱ֮æֶʩչ׷һȥҪֹǰ
⽣ݱǿ£ټϽѵõ򽣵žĽһĽ⴩ڶ๥֮䣬û˿ͣҲû˿
ǹһħŵӾ
죬ʳʬųססʿ뵽ЩʲôһֵĴ󺰵
⻰ʹ޵ĵæһ䣬ǧĳ޷˳ͬһ˹ȥ
ߣССޣܵҵĽŲ
һһ֮һ׹⣬׹ըһȽϸ࣬ӽ˿ߵĽܳһĿһ㣬Ⱥ֮бһƬʳʬ档գۼ䣬һʳʬڽ˿֮¡
˿׵罣ѵǡô֤ʲôֲ飬æ󺰴
߾ߣѵҪͨ㲻ɣһٽӽһ˿Цĺ
԰һΰ˵
һԣʱ׶ԷȻϳԼһҿû˵һξͲˣֻǵĲ²ˣ
㲻㲻ɱңҪɱңҾͽݸˣôħŵӣΧҲӲʿץסһ
ƾҪЮңǴɱˣ˲ܹؿƿأһٶȲط
һԽԽӽʿԳһ˿ſڱ㺰ãҪɱңҾʯ٣λħ
ʱһ׵罣ⲻ֪ȻֱֱʿĴ룬û˵Ļֱں֮Сʱ˾ŵ׹⽣ͻأĳڿУʿǴȥ
ʿΪʵʿȴǡ֪ߡ˾Լ硯ͻȻҲûʲôµģңǲ׹⽣ĳ֣һæʩչֶɱ
һ״ҲǣֻǷʿǰޱȵĮ˵ǰˣ¶ˣȻôҲںնħҡ
ʿѰǿħŵѪǿʢѰһֻҪ࣬Եȹؼλһ˴һֶһ֮ʱֱࡣҲ˾΢΢һҲ׹⽣ƫһ㡣һ䲻ȴҲն𣬲ͦһˡ
һ⻰ʿԹޱȵĿһһۣͷҲ֪ǺݻǱֱһ
Ϊ˱̫һûʹôУ⼸оһЩСֶΣԽ˿ֶ˾ŵ׹⽣Ĵڣ̤ѩ޺۵ֶϢ
û뵽ԷȻҲ³ԼҲ˲񸡶ûע⵽׹⽣ķҲССսΪʵһµֶΡ
ȻЩҲɼƣ衣Ѫ֮һһ㣬ɱ˹ȥ


 ͻ仯
֮ϣİ˻սʱ˱䣬ȸ߶ȣǲˤҲҪˤ¡սŵıԵһȻĽشר䵥ħŵ֡
ЩΧħŵӣΪ̫ߣŲҽ棬ֻ©û뵽ȴһɷڳΪ˲¶ݣȴǿ
ǽ֮ħŵӻûпһҽг·ȥǽҲܣֱӳһħŵӱȥһһأ̶㹦򣬱жʮħŵڽ֮¡ʣµĺЩħŵŲԡΧԱû뵽ɥ죬һҲٶţһ汼ȥ
ٹһʱ䣬ΧȻħŵӡ֮Գһ˭ˡ
һƿжʮѪɫ⻪ת䣬ÿһһħŵӵȫѪ붼ǷռģЩħŵϵĲǲιġ
ȻսǽҲǷƵĵطЩѪ㹻ƺЩˡ
һ΢΢һЦԴȡǡӡط֮󣬱һ˵⡮ӡֶμΪҪѧףҪͨȴѡڰħŵѪĶ֮£ھ䲻˵˾ͽǰֱ̧ܳɹһѪҲֻҪϢʱ䣬а˳ɵļʳɹ
뵽ԼҪʮöġӡһҲɵ΢΢һЦϻڻսҲͣ⣬ֱӷսȥˡ
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һ䣬Ѫ֮л߳һųϢȻΪǡħڡϢ
ʲôħħͷ
ôᣬﾹȻħħͷħŹȻթ
ԳĿȴһɫɫɫ߿ӡЦĸо
ħŵӱ׼ӣͬŸֳ֣ʱ˷˵һĦȭƣҪ֡
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ħʿһħŵӷ׷׵Աǰͼֵɱӡħʿ򻺻ķɹ֮ħŵӷ׷ãҲ赲һȻĵȴҲһħֱӱ䵽ϡ
ܿ죬ħʿǰʮɴЦҸ̳ģû뵽ȻҪᵤȻħŵӵѹͻһҲû뵽ҵĴڰɣᵤΣǸһö𵤰ˡ𵤸ճͣûתʱְɣˣҲЩʹ࣡˵ţ̧һѪҪһ˹ȥ


 
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ȻҲʲô׼ûС󷨱׼󷨵赲ѰʿӦûʲô⣬ҪסʿħħͷǾʮΪˡ
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ʱ֮ǰȴֻͼ̶ˡҶžӢӣһ壬Ҫ˵ʿУǲһοΪػһʶ٣͸ԸˡѪʶĳһˡ
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Ҳоȱ仯ͷ΢΢ڣͷһҪһΪƶ˺Ҫƾһֵһȥؼ档û뵽ʱһͻȻڼǰһɵ⽣ֱֱѪȥ
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ħŵҲ׷׳ЦҲһ̾Ϣѡ˶ΪѪǳ֮һͬնɱʱһֵĳȴˡ
ֻȻɢȴûʧ˿˿ƲѪ֮ϡЩ˿֮£ѪٶѸټ˵ѪɫâȥһӰ֮ǰһɴ˿Ѫһͬɢ
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һĻڳԾͬʱҲŭѣͷһԼķͷ˵ԼؾĻᶼɵͷǲרԼԡҲгǸ¶СѾͷһԹĿһһۣҲԹһԼֵĺûᡣ
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һȻûпʶǻͨ粵򵥵㽫Էɲƿţ̧ħʿͷһ
ħʿݺݵĿһҪ̻˵һӣû뵽Ҳǹ֮ͽɸҽ֪´μ棬ҶҪܡ˵֮䣬Ȼһ⡣
һ˫һУһЦߣΣвգɽһһҲ
ʲôһħʿʲô˼顣
ҾһΣ
ðõúܰ˵̤Ьٴȫѹû뵽ǲѹ򰡣ü£һëûΪ㲻Ǳɱ˱ӻȥˣû뵽ȴײ㡣·㲻ߣƫ
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ħʿҲͣ¿ЦһֵҴϾͻ֪ͲҪߣҶ꣬п̰ɣ
ţһħʿȻҪԸôһʿѵ±ɱô
ߣʲôµģ˽ӻУٲ㣬һҪɱ
һԷһ֮ɫ벻Լʲôطһˣ㿪ʵȻħҪɱҲȻ⣬ֻǿƺʲôԩȻֵðճ֣
ԣħʿЦһԩҲ֪㻹ǲǵǵܵܺҵıħԪ̥


 ˭Ĺ
áħԪ̥ĸ֣һʱǰݡԼħս֮ϣһվնɱǴйءϸȥȻĿ٣ȻԼ֮
һɫһħʿЦˡҵܵܣҽдɭ㲻˵ԩ޳˰ɣɱ֮𲻹죬ۣײ㣬ģҲ򵥵ȥҪһöħԪ̥֮УԶó
һһЦܵҾǻطѰҲͰˣ˴ɱңӻħţǱ׷Ҳһ
ɭԲм㲻һӣôΪ׷ɱңǳ
һһΪǺǣ㵹ǿһԣ
ɭЦһͣԼһ˵ɴǰʮǾӢеľӢÿһǱޱȡǱȶҲͰˣ˵䱾ʵǱԼɱˣ»׷ɱ
ɭȴҲΪɱһʿԼɥͬɱ֮𲻹죬ǲɱһ˳ЦҲ˵ͷħȥ˵ýʱ򣬿Ʋסħģ߻ħ
Էԥ֮Գһ˿һͷһ뷨ͷһЦʵһ뷨ֻҪѽܣȫ
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һһһЦĳȻ㲻ʲôӢۺܣҲˣȻͬеҵǣ뿪˵أѰȶһҼȿԱסʦֺ͸λͬҲб֮£ɲȫ
ţɭԲһ㶣һЦһӦô
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ħԪ̥ɭβϵǿ˲ٹ͵͵ɱһͶħŵʿƶɡԼãǵõúܡ
֪֮ȴǰȡĥԼܵܣ뵽ǼΪΪûʲô顣뵽ͷһ⾹ȻһɷǣȻֱܹնħԪ˵ħԪ̥ˡ
ⶫһ˵ͷһֵֶһöģЩʦ˻ԸüǮأ
ԼɱܳУƻˣɭһʱŭգֱ̧Ѫɫħ˹ŭɱ㡫
һ״ϲҪıǶԷעԼϣһЦַɳѪɫħһƫˣһ⳯ԶɶݶȥͬʱߺҪҵ׷ɣ
ɭһͣڳһۣջǾ׷ɱһΣոСջѽѽһæ׷ȥ
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ԶȥĶˣһ˵û뵽ڵӾȻӣǶ˵Ÿ̿ȥҪʾһԼߡ
̴ʱҲһ˻ǰһסڽᵤûɵ
ôһŸͷ뵽̵ݣҲҶŭһ΢΢һЦ˵һߣǰһػ١Լ̶ŭȴһħʿ׷ɱһˡ
Ҳ˶ǺúػΪʦ֣ᵤ֮ٽƴӽħˣطŵ飬׬Щͷ
ȴ˵һݶȴȫ٣ٶȣͨڸֿ֡úĴɭ׷
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ױ׷һɭЦʲô⽣ԭ˵ٶж죬⽣ݣߣҲϡƽ
һҲŭֻǿ˿ܣʲô
ôѵڼطķˮߣҲɽˮ㣬ĹصǱˡǿϹԹԽħԪ̥һԿǿǸʹģΣ
˭֪һҪŭգɱ˵ʱ򣬲תͷ΢΢Цȷʵɽˮ㣬ҵҲ㽻ʲôĹغˣ


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˵ʲôҵĹأѵ˲ɣΪƾССֶܹɱңԽɱˣɱħڣΪԼӢĽ鱦ɣ˵ţɭһЦӵı鿴һ
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ħʿĥѪȴڡħ֮Ѫɾ壬֮Уһħ࣬һΪԴߵĽ죬޵Ĵڡ
һһöѪֻ˵һλħħʿˡֻǴɭҲһܹȡôһöѪ
һѪҲشֻ΢΢һЦһöħԪ̥һöħѪֵư
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ʲôѵҷ㣬ȷʵǿԿǣҪУɭƭ֣ȻҪɱҪл˵㣬Ҫæ塣
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ɭȷһڵ٩ԼŭһͷϷŪңãɱ㣬ȡȥɣ
˵䣬˫һͣѪɫ֣һΣѪ⻯ǧħ˶צĳһϮ
һһױƵΪԷע֮⣬ǱƵ䷢ŭ񡣱ϾΪԸħʿҲҪ׼ŭʹԷͬҲǶԷٴսľ顣
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ЩѪ˿ûʲôãһԣȻܹһ˿ʱ䣬Ҳ˵ǲƵöˣٶȷ涼ܴܵӰ졣
һüͷ΢壬뵽üһȻ뵽ְ취ҵٶȣ󷨶˵ôǲǺܴ󣬵רŶԸҶ׼ġ
ȻɭһƲúã㵱һǰ⣬񣬹һЦ⽣ųƶ˫ǰһΪ˵û㾹Ȼң⡮ħ󡯱רΪƺ׼ģѾˣóˡ
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һɲ񣬴ɭΪûʵͷͬʱϸһЦģȻСֶԸڸߵڣһбֶһأˣһֶΣպá
˵ʱ򣬴ɭһЦ׵̧һףþŵǰ׹⻪ֱ֮ԶʤǰЩħƿ֮ת۱һǰ
һͷ͵Ϯ׹ɱ侪壬ץ𳤽һƬ׹⣬Ǿŵ׹ȥ


˾ ӹĸ
֣ͻʹѰʿһŵ׹Ȼ߲ƣһͷ뽣֮󣬾Ȼͬˮһ㣬˿Ӱ죬׹һգۼ㽫ѹ÷飬Ʋɱ
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ּ䣬һɽֳŵ׹ȥҪһʱ䡣߽ӣֻážǡһƲķɽŵ׹ͬʱһ㣬Ȼء
ҺһɽֻǳһǼƲӡջأûиˡʧһȴҲ˾ŵ׹ĿȻǾö룬ϱڣȻǷ֮һö룬ڲóħŵ˵ҲǲСˡ
ߺߣ˵㻹һβóֻЩ۶٣ҵġɻ׹롯ǰ״㲻ϧһϧأ˵ţɭĸ¸Ц
һԲŭϲһܰ׹룬һ˵ãҪʶʶˣ֮
һ䣬һһзɳһ׹ϣ˲û뽣УȻڽ϶һ׹ɫȴǽһеɱһ㣬ܶǿҲõ
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һҲᣬһ߷ɶݣһ߿׽İ׹뵲ɭҲ˶׽˼ʲôҪƾ˰׹뽫׽֮еӡһŵ׹뻯ΪһѰ׽ĵطײ
һǵһǣһ֪ԷôһУһǸĽֳ΢΢һЦȲҲ䣬ͷⶸתǷɽײĵʯ֮䣬Ƿڿе׽͵Ťתһ쵽ܵĽǶȣͬʱ׵֮ڽһ㣬滻˽ӵĽֱöײһ
䣡
һȻը촫ŵ׹⻪ըó浯ȥ׽ͣԭأԻʮߵߣ˵׹ɢȴ˿ƣಡһֱصһС
ɭԼ׹뱻ըɣָһ׽еҺòɱ˾ͷļޣǧټƲöɻĸ׹롯һСȻһƷԲ⣬̫ûˡ
һԲмһЦͷƷԲûЩƷƷıóǲǸûô
һ𻰣ɭתŭΪϲһЦð̫ˣֻҪɱ㣬ķҵķҾͻһƷԲԲϣҲ˽ôǲ
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ɭǰͱһŭǱڶö̼ЩѽѽһУ̧ٻؾö룬бһ˫ƶʱѪûڰ׹ϡ
׹Ȼħֶƣʮа죬Ȼһ㣬ѪƬʱ䡣׹ѪɫǺ÷˾öѪһ㡣
ɭһ̧ͷ˫۱Ѫ죬¸һЦСӣȻСҵİ׹룬ҾʶʶʶʶɣɣѪΪӹĸ
һ䣬ɭöѪɫ׳һǺ֮ϴһצǰħªʮӰ˳ͷһתʲôǾöѪɫ룬űȥ˲䣬һʧڹ֮С
ӹĸţⷬһ껹Դʱǻƾıʹħʱǻƾǣɭʩչֱ֮𣬲ͬն
ȹħ֮֮һиõĶԶԸֻǴʱæ֡òʽħʿУðջǡ
һƵʱǴɭȴǵȲˣ̧ңңһָеӹĸ࣬Ѫɺӣɱ
ɱһöʩչˡӹĸħѪɫ뷢̶УಳһٶȱǰȻһ
һͷмƻþöɹӯ׽һֽʩչνˮò룬ܲ͸硣Ǿöٶȶ죬ܽλ롣
ɭΪһб㹻һɱ⾫׵Ľֹܽ׹ɢķһ⣬ȴɲܽ
Ѱѡһʱ䣬һľֶá˴ȴӼ׷ɱһб䣬Ҳʱ䣬ҧָչһһһö֮С


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ɭһһӾ˼֣Ҳģֻ׼ãֶɱöԷһֲ
Ϣ֮еʲôطԾȻΪ¹ħֶ˺ʶ̽ȴԽͨתֻǰǾö׹룬ʱȻǳ˰öһö֪ȥˡ
ͷ׶æȫͨȫ֣ħϵ߶ڰ֮Լ·Ѱһ˿ǳǳӰӡӰʱûзĽŵġĺһãæŤתֳһ⽫»ס
áһöѪɫȻ֣ǵ֮ϣһײ뵯ɢ
ɭһӹĸħȻЩ̶ȣûܴɣ֮ȴҲΪͬʿҲԷ֣ڣôܾͿأ϶ϹèӣãȻˣҲ̽ˣֱӷСɱǡ
һˣɭָһѪɫ֮СЩһ̻ʣһ̱û״
һ֪ԷֶΣεɱβ£æͨȫͨȻȴǵһҪƹȴҲҪ֮ڲСһǹһɳɣһǰʧ֮ڣΰӰɱ
⿴·ֻùǰĹ룬һҲʱæһʱ飬һö׹빥뽣֮УæطҵסǱѡ
ȴ˵һǱǱڴɭͷȴҲԾѡһٶ˵εĹ벢һ˵ȫ
ڵΪôҲܲҵľĸħѵϻʲôˣһǱܹιıȻҲǺö˵СҲҪ̫ḻ˰ɡҲãԽḻԽãֻɱȻҪһʴأ
˵Ʋģ˵ҲˡһϾ޴ĲƸɭ˼ı𽥽תӶᱦһǿֵ룬Ҳб䣬ħԪǲҪǮһʱιٶȺ֣ոӦһæҡ
һһҲǰģ׽ƷԲֻ֣ҪûкҲû֮ǣֻǲĲԼļƻ
ȴɭ߶ħԪûܽһʰñۼûнԳֵ뷨ˡ
ʱһ֮ͨУ㿴ǵ׹⣬ʮϰٵʽġ
ˣ͵ҰЩɶĹˣһͷһת뷨һнһתȻתΪʱܴӺ͵ϮĹ룬һնǰһɡ
һͻȻ仯ɭֻΪһĵò࣬ҪѰͻΧͷϲ֮࣬ư׹Ѱ˿ܵķ϶ȥ
һΣһٽУ˳ǰһķ򽣶ݶ𣬻ӽһָɭħͷҲˣÿСүˣ֮ݻ
Ǳĵǵ׵ҸȼһķЩһ֣һһɲһ׵֮ը죬Ǹ֮ϣڤڤ֮е֮֮
û׹һ֮󣬱һɻһеѹ١ѹ֮ƣǿɾõƣһȻ׷Щ׹֮СʹЩ׹ٴҴ֮ƣǰǿ˲ֹһ
ɭɲɵӣһ֣ܿʲôָһ㣬նħ
һ΢΢һЦáնħʩչȻҲ׵罣ֶΣȴԽΪ׵֮ΪǽħŵĥԼ֮ƣ֮ĿȡʤڽȴγʣҲΪʲô˷Եɡ
ʱʩչֶΣһû˼˵ͷҵرϲ˵ҲҪնһնħͷǡ
ɭĳԾ⻰ֻǺݺһЦʲôնħһЦˣΪܹ֮гۣܶԸħʿôˡܹ֮нΪתߣǽ֮ƣŲҵġնħǸã˵ɱҪ׷ɱһôһӢӣصУôȻ١Ҷԣһƶı⣬ɱֱһð
һۿŴɭĿЦ񽥽һϲޱһΨľ֮Сľ⼸෬ģ˵ý⡣
ľ֮УȻʵûҲʲô򣬵ľ֮Уžܸšʵܹٷ֮ٷӣ˼Ҳࡣһʩչ˵¶һսݡ


һ ɱﵳ
ǴɭȻ˵£ͷҲ֮ƣ֮Щ𡣲ǽһܹ֮ƣҲͷܡ
һֲʲôʶҲ졣οɱܹѰħʿֻ΢΢ɣ㿪ʼʲôֶζԸһ
ɣһս
򵥵һ仰׹֮ϵ֮Ƽӳֵһϣʱվɽۣ·սԼϵˡ
һм񣬴ɭɵ뷨˲ʧͷŭһԴҲѱֱʹžö׹δ˷͵Ϯȥ
˭֪һ⣬ֻһ̧һһ׵ķתֻ֮𣬾öת۾ͱΣֱӱõɳȥ
ףȻһֻ̽׾ͱƽ⣬ɭȻȴҲԾһ֮Ƶֶ
ԾһȴԾһ㲻֣ұ֣һһһ콣磬׵ı㳯ɭȥ
һԼռȵĴɭû뵽һȻŭյͬʱҲڲʲôɵһĨһһĶ֣չһڹ⣬һնȥ
ħŵǿ󣬴ĺòϡȻΪʱֲϡŹֵħٳɺͼ򵥣һ˲ࡣվֻҪǽսʮа˳ɶħŵռŻʤ
µɣ֮ϡٵ֮⣬սǿĽޡһǽ֮еľӢӡ
֮УһΪߣħǿһǳһʱ֮䣬ڹ⣬Ѫ⣬׽Ľؽڿжòɿ
˵һǽޣ֣һ־׵ĽԸͬʿ޵УϸһħʿħԪһĴڣӦûŲŶԡʱǵûţת󿪴أ˼ɡ
һжҪ鹦һĽΪ˽ĴڣƽĲʹԽսĿܡ
Ȼɭ֪Ĵڣֻһ֮ԸԼ룬֮ǿǿӣȴɾãֻҪԼЩʱ価ĥȥˣһ˴׵ĸԼá
˴϶ϣִӵϴˮϣһ峺ĺ˳֮꣬Ϻȴɲһһ׵˿ɢĺۼ
ģѵڵӣһԪڵӲɣܹشƼӳּþòɢһԪڵĽ𵤵ҲܴôҲĥ𰡣
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֪Ĵɭοϼȥ֪ЩֶȴҲɱһ˼һתҪԼɱʹ
һһ֮ʹžö׹ʱһסڻһץһˮˮ֮һֻƬɫҶӵ磬ΧаöɫڷһȻ֪ҪʩչֶΡҲڹȥսᣬȻ׼ŶԸɭ
ɭ״һЦٻؾö׹ͷһָˮϣа˸˳ɳˮ֮Ȼͳͷ­Сİ
ŶһҲɵüͷ΢壬ԾħԪ̥
ǹħԪ̥û뵽ɣұ͸оöħԪ̥ȴǱȥһöŲȫû뵽㣬ٻعħԪ̥һöħѪһֻҪãܹɵʮöħԪ̥ҾĸħҲʹˣʱ˵ССһʿǽڣ𵤺Ҳ˵ţɭԤԼ޵еľ󣬷ĴЦ
öħԪ̥ʩųŨŨħԪһҲѹʱΨľ֮Уû˿µֻԺ֮вͣƣѰܶԷķ
ɭһΪԼŵˣһЦȻɱ֮𣬵ҴôôϣҾ͸һԲõĻᣬħɻʹࡣ
һλֻһħˣϻ٣Ҫ˵ٴݽ𣬴ҽɭɱ˹
ɭ״һЦһţǰöħԪ̥ͬö׹֮еӹ븹Сð˵Ѫڴܶһʱ֮䣬ƶȻһȻ˽һȻħǵ˽ӽħڵĵز
ӹĸħ£Ϊƾһɭһ̧ͷǱױǰ֣мע׹֮еӹ


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ӹĸħħ壡Ψľ֮УһҲ΢΢
Ҫ֪ΪÿһС磬ÿһĽ׶֮䶼вСĲ𡣱һڣҲܹԸڣһ𵤺ھܶԸĸڡǶԪӤѰ£ʮҲֻǱɱķ֡ʵ̫ˡ
ȻʵԽ󣬽ԽսԽѡΪ߰뼶һأӢĽ֮ԱΪ̳ǶܹԽսԵɡ
ۼԼԵĲһħʿת۱˽ӽڵˮ׼ʵսһ࣬һҲòԾ
ȻҲľĥĻԵɡǴܹľĥһж費ɽǰɫģս죬ȥսأһе˶ܹ˼ǲǴˡľ󾳽ʿܴﵽ˵һһ󾳽ǻĲˡ
ֱĺħɱ¾նɱħʿȻ˰æԵɣܹǾһָܿƽ
һһǰɭȵ׷ɱԼ󷴶Լ͵ϮɱĳԨҪǿһȴҲʹáɱ¾Ķ˲٣ֻǶ̫ɱ¾ûȫɭȴȻҪȫɱԼһֱȶвǿһЩ
Ҫ֣һУǰζû˵СףʱǼһȻ
⻰һȻһʱشȻɫòСԸο˼ʱħĸǰֱ¶˷ǲ
С׵ҲûзʲôֻЩĵһáϢ
СײҪ֣һȻһСױ¶ˣԼ̲סС׳֡ΪǰɭҪĴ㡣
һ˼ͽת˲֮䣬ɭҲӦµĵֵû̹ץһһڹ⳯·ȥںϣȻˮߣиֱ֮ͨףںҲһʮɳ
⻹ǰöħԪ̥Ǿö룬ʮöҵľӹĸħͻСɣʱ򣬹ħڣҿֱӵħڵ
ɭԼ֮УЦʱһǷ׼ˣ
ţɭתͷһǰһ޶ὣָԼлǰ㲻мӷͷıŭѽѽһУһ㳯һն˹
֮ϣǰǿһֹһ˾йҲɱײķʮɡϷ۸Ǳ뵶иһ
ɭһ㽨ͷϲѣ̧һָһЦ֪СӣΪССƾܹԸڵҡȻҳ˾УҾʹһúһһιʳҵʹ֮ɣҪ꾡𣡡
һһһѳɢ赲ߵķۣ¶΢΢ŽɫƤ֮гһеߣȴ׺Ͳɽͨͬʱˡ
ˣһ˹Ҳʡӳˡɽһɽ֮壬Ͼһ磬һЩߵĸо
˵Ҫɱңһͺһһһ־ޱȵĽʹȻٴ
ȻлãõúܣɱÿȡãȫɭʮʮĽһնɱӶô¸һЦҲֶΣն˹ȥ
ٴɱһһûʲôħֶΣֻǳȻûǰѤΣգǰ˲ֹһ
ս֮УһٶռУƶѹסʶǰйз˵ӼֻȫءɭȻ߶ħԪĹ
һԼ񹥻֮ͬҶƮ֪ҪƷߣնɱԷٻ̫ʱ䡣
ʱν֣оһЩ仯Ȼûм٣һ֣ǰһԼСķȴǼ˲١
Ȼ;ƿˣİնˣõúܣټӰϾնɱСӣ
뵽ɭȻټһ״ͻƽеһϡǱӰͲɽͨӳ֣ǼƱһ㱦⣬ȥ


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ɭ϶һߣͷϲ߶ħԪһһ⵶һֻм֮ûл֮
һһҲǰ׸׽б׺ͲɽͨҲ¶ԷȻֻԽǱȻ᧿Σ
ֹ˼ʱ䣬һȻһ䣬Сӣǻָ״̬
ʱĴɭ϶һɣʲô仯ҲԸ롣սĳȻߵҲϤħԪҲԽԽ˳֣սҲ֮ߣϲѡ
һʱ䣬ɭӳǿĳɣʩųѹ㽫һѹô
ֻǴʱһϲޱֻǼ㣬˫֮û˿ֻţֻеĽ
žણ
һ촫һУΨľǾȻһ˿΢Ц
һ˿Цݣɭĵͷûһ˿õͷͷԵһܹ㷭շ̣¸һЦͷȻЦóһУһħ֮·ɣ
ħ䡯ϹʱħŹķ֧ҲħΪЧ̫ħרħȴ֮١ħʿǿڸԵɣٶһЩħֶΡ
ɭһħ֮нʩչҪ٣ҪкǿƿʶϤʩչ
һ䣬ǱͺϡһһΪģʵҲħûٶȴﵽ£չֳĵӰӡĵֻӰӣٶȼ죬ÿһӰӵȵǰնһ
ıӰӷ¸һѣĸһնɱĿʮȷҪס·Ҫһٽնɱڵǰ
Ƿ֮ʱһĸߵѧ裬Ͷн֮Ҳ˵봿ѧͬͬǽսĸ֣ȻóĵӰ
ȫٶӣ˵ûȫˡ֪Լ˺ǲɭ֮С֮ͨڣƮɢڿе˿߶Ȼ˲ãԼסʱ˲ˣֻܽҵʬ֮¡
壬һ˲ֱӣҲΣյƽⷽʽὣ֣˽ɹ⣬˷ӭĵӰȥ
ɭȻԾһѡ񣬵۽ˣҪġ֮Ҳ»¸һЦĵӰ㳯һնȥ
һ֣£ĶӰĶ佣Ӱһ㣬Ƿ仯ҲǴѧֶΡĵӰԣȻ£ȴԵõ˲١
Ӱջһһ𻨽ͬʱӰһɴʴϢ뽣ĽӴȻ˹մȾϡǿֵӰĽ˲ܵļ
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һ״ŭһ˿΢Цøˣ˿ʮԶſǱմ۵׽΢΢һЦҪմҵıߺߣҲҪһںϣͿմۣںϰɣ
һ䣬һ̧ڽһĨڵıʳ׽ϡһʾӨ͸׷׳ָֽΣһ׹ڨڨһݺ䡣ʵǰǺħԪ
ţôܣ㾹ȻɿħԪ֮ƣʲôԣҲԣʱʲôһʿôܿ
ûʲôܣҲῴüˡҵҪл㣬ûвѱҲкĿܣ
Ȼ룬һ˿ʾȻͬʱɫ֮гֵ⣬ὣΣˮ齻ڣںΪһʱɭ𷽲ΪʲôһǱȥԭʲôƿ滻Դٽںϡ
һħԪںϣ֪ܹﵽʲô̶ȣУԲںϣֻҪǰǱȫմۣٳ˻նɱ˴ӣһоͽˣ
˵ɭһһ̱һնɱ
úãһһὣӭȥýⲿλֵ
մȾ׽ϵħԪͬһ㣬ʱƵأ˺ЩħԪ˵׽ϡֻմʮ֮һķɽʱض֮ɫȻħԪѾռһɽ֮ȫռ죬׽¾ҪĽйħˡ


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оԼħԪռƷԲɽɭʮ˷ܣ¸ЦҪںǲǵɱ㣬Ͷ̥±ӰɣŶˣҵɣͶ̥ת˵ţһЦһɱ
һԣ治ͷҲЩżԭϽ֮Ƶĳ֮ǰ֮ƵĿƲ˳֣ųٳûнС⼸Ϊնħ֮֮ƵƿԽԽǿɭͻ룬öԷѹں
ӿʼڣ֮ƣѹһжеʮ˳벻ǣӹĸħħԪʮóմ۷Ȼ̶ʱͿʼԼķɽȻɽԼƿ֮£ǼȥҪԷ¡
УһҪӿںϡֻǽ֮ƶǾƢòܹһ˿ͨȴô̶ܶʱںϵˡţˣǽǵԩҶͷҪǺͺãõķʽǿдϣӦõ˴ǣ˵Ȼֻͬȼڡ˽֮ƣܹʹõзŹ̻ǷŹ뽣·֮ƺҲûʲôϵ̻뽣ͬԴҼΪͣÿһԡ
һˣһҲĥ䣬һģ̻˿ƵƽƮ˳׽Сֻǽ֮룬һ˿̡
ȱ仯ɭб䣬߶ħԪƽѧħ䶼ʩչѹһͬʱһɹŨħԪմȾ׽ϣڼӿȾٶȡ
̶ʮ׽а˳ɶɫǣħԪڣռȥһʱ֮һ⻼ľء
ȴ˵׽֮УǺĵشŶʮߵơʱн֮̾ڸԵʮ֮Ϸͥ񣬽ƵһľѪӡ˵׽ʱ˿̻֮¡
ڽ֮Ƶ룬̻УϵĥϣȻھĥʹܹںȴѱ˿û˼
ʱһɫһ˽մ۷ɽħԪħԪЩĽƱͬʳһȥ
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ħԪͬĴڣǳΪߵħʿ֣֮óմķƲħԪһĳƣͬţƤһ㣬۽и׵֮κգȫߣħԪҪռ졣
ʱ䣬ħԪͬһ㣬ΧƲʳռ죬ֱӽһеӡ
Ӧ׽֮еı仯һļ٣ӡҲһЩ˺ҺԺ̨֮ӣ֮Уټ֮꣬ûʲô󰭡
֪Ǵʱ÷뽣У˵ܽħԪһɨƺ͵ֵסȴû̫ġֻһɥʧһĻᡣʶֻҧһ߶Ըɭ͹һȫʹںϡ
ȴ˵׽УħԪմ֮£֮ƲˡΧ룬һʧֻ֣ʣƿȫֵĽƻ
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ħԪƹ֮棬ƿԥȥʱ׽Ŷʮߵƣһ֮⣬ħԪƿءûдɭûüӡѾƿؾųɾŵ׽¾ҪֱӳϷȥˡ
ˣһѹɽɭҲϲޱȣͣЦʱһ֮УѾ϶Ĳˡ
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ʲôɭûоһ˿ļ£һ֮еȻںˡħԪ̥֮ħԪҪ߼һ
Ҳ֪һ֪˶Զһ̣һӿдһ׹ֱֱ£׽ϣ˲ɨһƬڣԳ׽Ŀţһ⻪ǽڶһӰŤ֮ǵ⻪һ׹Ĵڡ


 
ȻһֽҪӦԴɭĹҪǿںб׻һ˵Ѿˡû̫ܵ˺ڵǱѡ
ͬӦ׽֮еı仯һ̧ͷͷһ˿΢Цɭлˣ
⡮лֳڵ˲䣬׽ϣԸɾһƬΪģһϬֱѵ˷Ƕȥת֮䣬īĽ棬ͬˮϴһ㣬ָԭɫʡ
ͬʱħԪ֮ǹϬֱѵͨ׽ÿһƣһһƬ֮ϣ׽ϷųƾȻûմ֮ǰǿ˺Щ
ɭÿһôܣ㾹ȻͷںԣںϣҲĳ̶ȡ㵽ʲôˣ
һĿе׽ʹ˸ֶΣѪ֮ϣҲ׽ɣҲħԪǰ򵥱롣һϴ֣׽ȻųɣǽʡüµĿ๤
˷ϲ¾ˬŵôɭ֮ԣ΢΢һЦǼԲãҲɽһȻʲô⽣նħҡбǽտڵһ֮ķϣΪѣ·ˣңһҲʹࡣ
ںϣɭ֪Լ˷۱٩Ļ˫۶Ҫðҧгݵ˵ǰҲϵԪ̥֣㲻ںΪܹӮôߺߣҾ㿴ӹĸħɣ
ӹĸϣһɭһֳһüģùǺĺХϴ
һһᣬһȴŽĶŤ仯ÿһһ˴Сһꡯһ˫˫˹Ǵ̵ֱ۴Ѫ֮
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ĽѪ֮дһѪɽ˫֮ϣһݣͷǵǻ˫ǵĶͷ­
⸱һɱľˣµҪĵ³˵սֱ涼ˡ
ŴɭԽԽǿͻڵƣһüͷ΢壬ħֶѵѪ壬Ŀôѹħˡ
һЦһУ̶С׵ߣǾ֮ܣ죬֪֮ߣ֮󣡡
һΪʶ㱻С׳Цû߳ŭÿζܴСõٸĶҲ⣬æӿڵԺ⣬ѵ˵ĲԣħŲǶħаôֻ׷бֶΣѵҲ׷Ѱɣ
СһĴϻβ֪һԼĻҲЦһɵǵħǵֻ׷ѰķʽһĺϵϵˡοûܹԼĵȻħֶбǵĵǵѡǵĵ·壬ǧٹ֣ǿʳǵĵ㲻ɵ֮У̸β羮֮ܣ̸һ㡣
һԣͷ򣬼ʵˣβܹ·ѵҪͨе·ѡһôˣħ̵ĵ·ҵĵǲѡġ
СǼһЦûгԹβ֪ĵϹŽɱ¾ɣνɷħȼħŸɱ̳ϹŽ֮·˵׼ħ޳ʺҲһȻ˵ħҲȻֻħӺϹ֮ʱаţͷħš
ɴʱɭֳһͷѪⱬľĵ³ҹС׵ҲͣȻ壬ΪŮӣȻȶĵĳҲΪϲ
֮ͣżħʼţһ֮䣬ȴֲ첻ηѰǴĿǿ֮ȻԹűĴͷҲֵ𾴵Ĵڡ
ţ㵹ħŵйҲħѪơû뵽ȻȴڣħΪθȴŴУ
Сײмĺһ֮дȱپǿߣȱٵǺ֮ˡϹ֮󣬴жϾͼѣ˸ѲҪ˵ŴУݱ֪ƺսħ֮лһ֧ȴǲ֪ˡ
Ҳսħţ˵һħ٣սȴǿħŵû뵽ȴǼ̳ϹŵĴУѹˣǿߣҵҪúüʶһġ
Сһ̵Ҳʱ䡣һҪʶʶսħŴʱ򣬶ǱŻĴɭƶȻһͻħڵķ飬һħڵ


 һɱ
ħӽħȴڱǵħԪ֮вɭЦԵøŤǲѪ˿۾ͫҰħһϢ˵ˣ˵
ӹĸħħҲǲһ׶ˣ֮ԽǱǿǾԽǻ̫࣬ߵʶѹĻ˾Ͳٳˣ˹ħһ
Ѱ£һħʮɣʶʿʵ඼ᳬӹĸӶܹѹסɭȴһԵɺϵµõһо֮£һﾹȻܹƹħĳɹʣҽħΪԼá
һǧټƣ˾öħԪ̥͵һöǿģʱӹĸ壬ֱսħڵʵӶħ֮еõߵĵλ
´˳ġħԪ̥ΪʧҵħԪ̥˳ѰµһöħѪʱȴһȳԽţƹĴڡһǱҲ˵ƥħԪ󻹽ѹںɱͲϵʹʵٴ
ļӷŭ£һٽ׼ȫ֮ʩչľӹĸʩչڹħԪ̥ȱʧȻǿһѹƣ˺֮õħڵʵҲΪΪʵѹƣӣʹǴ
ϱŸͷ­ɭʮͬʱſһ϶ĺҡҪɱˡ㣡
һҲԷƺЩ⡣˵Ⲣһ£Ϥںϵۿű㲻˲ĴɭЦǾ仰Ҫɱң˲˹ģɲǰ
ɭǴȴҲöһ˼ҴʱǰӱųҲ˲ʲô˼ɣʮͬʱɱɱɱĴһ㳯һɱ˹
ħڲħڣȴ޹أһٶȻԶǰʮɾ룬˲͵ٶȱһ΢΢ԾæҪˡ

һͺ𣬴ɭʮŨỤ̃Щ˲仯ߣεһΧ˹
ߣħͷԽ
һΣ壬ȻѾںϣҲٲ˽ɿһĨһʮùľʩչʮ׹⽣ڵУշÿһöһߡ
׵֮ڸ֮ƺͽò˵аĿǡԶһˮ׼㽣θϬûὣɷҲǾֱӶġ
ʱȴǲͬʮ׹⽣д֮һǽݺɫһ֮ϵħԪһʱ䣬ʮ߾ͱή
Լʩչһƣɭ۴СħڵʵֶȻֹһ㡣ʮŴһţ˴ı㲻һߣֻһһÿһſжʮнߣһ㣬
صĺߣһΨľ֮Уȴ澪壬һྵҩһϷ󶯣ǲҪǮһʮ׹⽣⣬ѧľʩչһʱ֮䣬⡢׹ͺ߽֯һ
ѽȫԸһҲԸٲȡص̬ȣ׽ݽ˽һһֱȡɭ
ɭ״۴Уͬʱ˫һٴȡɫǹһľŸҲѽѽţһžĴ촫ǵ˫ѸٵŤȻתۼ仯ɹǴ̺Ѫ⹹ɵǵ
źɫʮ˱ɷ׹ǵɭ˾һɽһݣӭһɱȥ
⵶ɽһħͷһȻ壬һں֮Ϊһͬʱ׽нƣһͼ֣׽Եһͬձ֮ʱһ޶
׽֮һһоɽǽðںţ׽˾ųɣ»ҪȺЩʱˡ
Ҳһ̣һо֣֡СĺͬʱԼоԼ롮޽򽣡ľֽһ
ʱ򽣵ʱ򣬴ɭ˲ɱæͦǰ֮
ںɽһʵõ֣֮ƣǾӹĸ壬ٿ֮ĴɭҲǷͬ죬һбǽʮ⣬Ѱħڡ
õǣ⽣Կηһʮ⡣˶һ𣬾Ȼһŵ⽣Ӱӵɱϣɱˮףִˮɱ棬һɱɱûڵأɱѷ֡


 ķ֮
һɱɱһʱ˷ǵû˿ƣ֮⣬ԽɱԽԽɱԽ죬ԽɱԽ͡
һһȺֶͬսͷӲʮԸһĴɭȴǷӳʮʮˮ׼ʱƣͻޣӳʮһɣʮɵ
ǴɭȻǼ٣һħȴⱾ֮еõ󷢻ӣʱƣħԪİգսҲڻߡ
бףзɽϼӳ˲ɽͨкŸ߽׻ҩװݵһûк֮ǣ֮оȻһֲ԰εĸо
ʱһˮȴС׵ֱӴУˣһʿ
һԣ˲о֮гһʵȻ˵ù⣬ȴҲԸ౩¶Ͼսħ֣Ҳһʮֺ˵飬ɵһҪӰ޴зĵ֪ġ
һæһӦɭϮɱһʵﻹжԶɻᷢߵ
СһǲһĿʹãȴҲڵԼĪʮ֮⣬򲢲ⷽٶҲ죬ʲôһʱܸϵɣ
һʱ䣬ҲãȥҲһͷҲ㹻һʱˣýˣһһС׵аڰ֮ڽħͷ
Сԣм㣬ߣǾɥ׳ĶֻҪҽڣֱɱӡǣķ֮һ㶼ò
һһϲķ֮һ㣬ãܺãһ°û취ɣķ֮ͲˡǺãС󣬴ʩչֶΣʰգǲܣ̽֡
СԳɣƺһܷɱħͷЩɣϾΪһ㣬ܹ֮һܱ԰Ҫ˵̶ʱɱԷСʹɱﵻǲôһЩġ
һȻô˵ҲʶʶʲôֶΣһһ׹⣬ֱӳ⡮ħȥЩħֻһɷ׻ָȼйħܵ˿ʮɣֱӽС׷˹ȥ
С׵ĳҲ˴ɭǽ͵ֻǳһ±㱻һնɱĽסˣͺһ⳯һ˹ȥ
ߣɱ㣬ܱȽС״øһЩ˲˹ĶҷŹɣ
һ䣬һüһ㣬дʣһԺһأ֮иƯŸʽģһɵľط⣬֮ƯķǾʶͨԼͨġ
һǧ˿Ưħ֮е˿߷׷ȼɢЩħ˻ţͬѩһ㣬׷׻ȥȥЩ˿ߣһֻһᣬһٶȻָԭ
չһ΢΢һЦȻϣ˵𹦿ħħһѪħʲôĸܵơһɵĸоȻ
ӹĸĴɭȻҲܵĿƣ˿˿Ƶĺðڿһ㣬ǺͷצĶҲή衣
ǡʲôҪɱɱɱ
ɭʣҲовһ۴űһնɱ
ʱǰһˣٶȵ˿֮һٶȶȻһȫٵôɭߡ
Ǿʹȥ¶ŷգɭһħҪ߽룬£˵ܻһĿҪⲻķ֮ʱ֮ʰȻϸֶΡ
дһͷ֮һͨȫ⻪һǣʱһһˡ
ڶ֮ͨУӳֵıǡɽͨӳ˾ŵ͵оɽ塣ӳֵµĽʹһƾѰħڵķŶԡ
״̬ǿǿӣܳãŵɽѾǳԽޣʮɼӳֵĽֻһٶһ»û˵УԼˡ
Ȼһܹʤһȵں֮ƺͽ̻ͬ׽С
׽϶ʮߵƾ׵֮һ˿೤ľͬʱ׽ϷųʮýҲʱջأһͶ׽֮Сÿ£һý׽Ʊǿʢһ֣żƲסһ˿³ڵնһĽ
һ׼һͷ⣬ԣ᳤ңңָǴɭȵһս
ɭһ׷ûܴһʱһսʱϲú죬ʮ˱ǵǺԡһɱڹֱֱһײ˹
һҪķ֮㣬ΪһһúáһҲɭɱ˹ȥ


Ű 
ֻһڹЮͬһͽײһ𣬶һ֮֮ţƤ˺֮֮һƽƾҳҲ
ʱŽ˽ֵĵط沼˵ۼǳһʮԼ֮
ۼ룬ӰԶһӰߴΰǴɭʱЩͷ­ֽûһõģǵѣͷ­ǱնƬһǰҪֲࡣ
һӰȻһڴɭǿȻԵܶ࣬ȴǱֱվšϱͲ·Ͳ֪ȥˣһɫ״ϣȴҲպסһЩҪλ
㵽˭ʱ򣬴ɭͻȻڣȻǻָǡ
Ҿңڵһһ⣬𰸡
ߣøڵӣøһãܺã˵ţɭתʱſ壬ԭǰȻȭͷСһӣһڣƫУÿಿλ
ʱһҲתɭĲ״ɫ׵⣬ȴûյʲô˺ǰĹâȴ˵ЩȻܹӳƷı˲ٵ˺
ɭĲ״һҲһ˿Цݣ˵طĹأɽˮ㣬ǣ
û뵽ϳӢĽ֮⣬ţӦ˵ǹ˵ţɭմѪ͸һ˿ɫƵ˵ΪܹӮôҪҲҪᣡ
˵ţһץɫؿһһɼǵ˺˲ںڵŨѪ籡˵ħȻħѪҺҲǺɫȴںڣɼôɭʩչʲôħȻҪԼȫѪҺΪ
ѪΪΪһΪǣɻ꣡
һЦɭڻһѸٵİȥһƤ޹һ㣬确Ƥҡ֮˵ڿЦĴɭ˺ѷεĲҽ󽥽رͣҽжˡ
Ǹߴڻֻ׶߰ʱƤ֮ھȻʲôܶ
һ״˼һתʲôһã̧һüģһɹɷͷľطøӳң롣
ڴʱһХƤ֮ϺһӣһźںצĶ˳̶ǵڶţţɳ˸ֶһһ۱㿴ʲôǾӹĸ
һЦΪƻ˴ɭħıԱܡû뵽Ȼ˾ΪʩԼĿĲ˵бﲻɱԸԼˡ
֮ﱾħ֮ħʿһ˿ͶӰøַ˿֮ҲͰˣ˿ƣѰħûʲô׺ݺɱƻһУΪײеĴڡ
д棬ܹҲûʲôð취Ȼ֮ݳǾ͹ֲѹˣ
һͷ̳˹ħԪ̥ÿһͷħʵ治Ĳ˫Ŀһգʲô
ͷո˿ƣѹõײ֮ʱ𣬼õˣ֮еײвȻ˻𺰽ű㳯һȥճ嵽㣬ϱðǷһħ
յ۴УʹǵûȥڲѹֶԣҪ˺Ʒ⣬һȥżצӣҪ˺һ㡣
ҷȱնɨϡ
һ䣬һźڻӷ֮ȼһµòõͨ䡯һźڻǷ֮ŭܹħ
Ȼһ䡯ͷǱյܲˣҲί٣һͷ߽һȥͷ״Ҳ׷׸ȥ
⾻Ȼܹ赲Ĺȴ赲ǵܡͷһҲЩô֪ܵҪΣ޹顣
ͷһٴһָüģö𣬼ͳսʤıҶ
󣬻ӣʱ鸽ʱ
һ䣬һֽӱҶ֮ɢȥֱڰͷͷϡ˲ֹסǵıӣľګګԭվţҲ
һ뱴Ҷ֮УҶϵĽ㡣ðͷŤһ㣬뱴Ҷ֮С
һĺãջرҶУðöѪɫӱҶҶ֮ϣͷӰѹڶӰ֮£һϴˢǣӰųĽ⣬ÿһˢ㽫ˢ֣ɼò˶ʱ䣬ͷҲҪ֮ṩˡ


ž ʬ
սҶױ㽫ոˣһħʿɭһ¡
һûüʤϲãСױмĿһ۵⣬һһʱҪˣ
һԣ˵ͷһ㣬ųգۼ䣬һųħ֮ɢֻʣһһɫбһˮ֮е硣
֮䣬һͺɫǿ磬оЩأ˿ջؽֿռ֮С
һƬؽĿ꣬ˣȻһۿЩһð취ϷһⷽԲ֮ڣࡣһһԵĺϣһˮֱӳǳǳˮ֮Уˡ
ˣΣһӴ֮ץһѴɫľʯ飬ʯĩƮɢ󵱿㻭һɫĳڿСúˮܵĵϣľ賤ܿ㸲ЩΪ¶ĵ档
һл˲ʮϢʱ䣬һֵͲˣû뵽ľϵֶãֻǲ֪Щľ̵ǰ֪ʹã᲻ֱҡ
ԳһЦһץһ۴ϣһССָķ߷ȥ˲أǰһݹӹǶݹҲһæŤת򣬳ɹ
ʦû£Ǽֱ̫ˣݹ֮˳ˣȻ١
ٴʱϢȴǰ˴ĲͬǰԼС˵˵Ҳ֪ǳɹᵤѾڶӣΪһӣ𵤸ˡ
һ״æǰϲʦ֣ϲʦ֣νһŽ븹ɵӴɡʦɵڣǿϲɺذ
ҲǺǺһЦһ࣬ׯصĶһ˹ֵΪнգʦΪձ³ŵʦҸǣ
سŵһ˵޸ġһ״Ҳ֪ˮգ㲻ֹֻõͷһл
£ʦֵܶ˹ϵһ֮࣬ꡣ˶ֿ̰ˣȻһԶڶӣȴҲ˵Цĳħսȥ
һ·ϣ˻ѯԭһɭ֮ħŵӾöʱ֮޷Ʒߣٽɽ𵤳ɱķ½½ȥ٣ֱɽ𵤳
ᵤ֮Եɣͷż֮£ѭŷ˹һ˺Щʱ䣬·߲Ѱ˺þòҵ
ʼһȻٵΪˣȴҲ֪Խֻ˵Լƾ⽣ݿɭһߣʩչ˺ЩֶΣյİ׷ɱ
ǻ˵ٿǧٸšһ⽣ͬ˫ԽҲռţһǾ֤ġһҲܶսʤһħʿʶͷһ˵ʵÿࡣ
ǰΪѰһٵĶݹٶȷȴǸ·˶ſٶȡһ⽣ݳѰ𵤣Ȼոսᵤȴ󷨸֣Լϼӳּٺͼ󷨣ٶҲǼ졣ɹľҲѲ˶ʱ䡣
ȴ˵ħս֮ϣʱȫӣħʿߵһɶǰһսħ϶࣬һȻҲ£ȴҲЩûҲǲ١Ȼ֮£ʱս֮ʶӶϯضҩʯָ
ΧһɶݶȥķһһŮվǼСѾͷҶˡ
ʦãʦŽڵΪо󷨻ԸССħˣӦûģһʦҲĲСһö赤ǲʦÿȥһԣ
Ҳתֻҡҡͷлʦֺ⣬еҩ㹻ʹˡʦֽгɣȻõģֻʦֶԶԸħͷȴЩΣյġ
ü̵ĵһһòһͷĻᣬȴһȥɭ׳٣ӳѣ滨Ѻô˴ħŵӣȴҲһ˾ٵĹ⻷ڸǣѡ
ͷɵö뵽ħʿǰöԸģҴƺЩԹҿһȥΣջС£ǻز˰ɣ
ȻԼ̣Ὣ˼˵ֻһӣ̾ʦܴ˾³çˣ˵ԷħʿҵȺδֵܵȻȻ׳٣¡ʦȥϢһ°ɣ
ѾͷȻСȴǸ龫ǰ鲻һˡֻû뵽󶯾ŪһħʿƵһòߴС
˵Ҳ֪¹ֲ飬СӷбԽһϡſϴ𻰣ǿͬʱķϣ⻰һ֮ӣͷʱˬҪ


 սƷ
תҪȴΪԼȰ˼̣˵ʲôϵ
ʱƿ֮ħŵӾͬһʱ䶼׼ֶΣԤܵΣա
ȴһ⣬һԼٷ١аֶΣŵĶȥǵ˶ϵã˭ˣǵٽ⣬ȴ˶
ΨмЦֱǵȥɢȥԳһӰСѾͷǲȥֱӹһϡ
СѾͷףڳֶˣûһ˻վ˵ʲôΪ졣һһ϶¶ı顣
ȫΨɫΪÿһڴɭϣȴû룬ҿӡһжֻԼһŬȴƸϲϷֺ
뵽ǰ˵ĻȻ¡ֺû˵ΪѾԼո˵˲Ƭ̣ⱻ˵ɡ¡˾ȻĻ졣
Ϊӵ֮еٮٮߣܱ峤Уݺ츳⣬ҲЩĻͷֳǷǰٺһ
ٵãԼᵤҲЩСмûʲôУһ֪ԷԼֻǿưˣǼˣСӣֻһǣλҶžӢ
һ֮ΪڳΨһĽӵܣһ֮󣬾ʱս»㱨ϲ㣬ٵȴľ
ӺƺĳפظȥפزԶ˺üλ³ѶԽ֮λħŵӴˣҲΪˡ˸ظңȵо
һٵһڵȻͨ¥Ϊء̲ƺһЩᣬȥҶԺֻͣڴӦһ£ڵȥǲȥͲ˵ˡ
صУһչء뾲֮󣬱õҩָһսһս;ƿݡòסϾ˵ʹѣǺķ̫˵ᱻ˿Щ
Ȼùɵ鵤ҩʱͬʿϲ٣ʱ̷ҩָ·ɻͨ¥ҲһΪѵ顣
и鵤ҩҲķʱŻָԼĪ˵ʱ䣬⵹˵ҩãĪ۸֮ʹѰɽһӻҪۺ񼸷֣ʶһĸɾȴҪѸʱ䡣
ָ֮һĵһ±ǳٴνС롮֮ơںϡΪ֮ơֻǿĪ롮ӡֶʶܳô棬ÿʹҪ
֮Ʋʲôʵͨ¥֮Ҳʶھ֮Ҳ
ЦõǣûѹٴλָԵ״ȻǰôҪ΢гôһЩҪٴںϣƺҲô򵥣˵ʵս֮浽ˡ
ȻԴЩʧţɹ˵һΣضеڶΣΣܹȫʱȻ˵ȵὣɷضԳΪɱﵵĴڡ
֮һ˴λõսƷһֻǰûʲô̫𣬴֮УѰ˵ֻǻȡʯĶΨһֵһǱȻһĽơ
Ϊʦһ֪⡮ĺö֮ҪϣȫһƷķӸΪƷ
ʱⲢɫҼһƣһƷԲ㲻ϡڲϱķһ㣬һħֶ֮ԱˡⶫҲΪѵãÿԺԼƷʱʹá
Ȼˡһ˵һõöħѪⶫͬöǽ𵤣Ҳ֪ɭ˶Ū֡ʱȫһˡ
һöħѪһĻħ˵Ѫ֮ǰõħԪ̥Щһͷ׼ֻԺʹá
һһóһöˮ磬ɭȡħԪ̥ΪһħĶȡʱһֱһĸооﲻһжʰϣž
½УһԾѣԭֻƬҶϣһƬҶϣȻһƶСĺɫ档


һ 
𣡡һ棬һһô𣡡
Ҫ֪֮棬ǿвͬġ̫𡯡ġ𡯡һеġ𡯡ǧ򻯵ġǬ뱦桯ĻСػ𡯡𡯡ζ𡯵ȵȡ֣ɣǺɣĿڣеѭ
⡮ȴڴСپһ֪ãƵĲǡͬɫڣǲ֮ͬΨһܹͷšֻġ䡯ͨ
˵һ磬һУһݵĶͻȻôһϿҲɲԾˡ˼һתһ㶫
ˮѵԼĶ
Ϊ֤Լ뷨ͷһתһüˮϡһơ𡯹Ȼ˳ŷȽȽƮ룬̨ȥˡ̨֮Уһ㡮𡯺谭롮䡯֮С
һвջرԼĶһ㣬û˿صĵطڡȫʱһ˿ӡ䡯֮ǵͨľȻԿɼٶȣ죬Ȼ࣬ȴʵʵڵݻһ֡
ͷͶ֮ͨУһоһöյõõķģݻ̶ȾȻˡ䡯̤֮͡ڡɽ͡౦ľ֮¡
һԷͨ˽Լġʶͨɽ౦ľ䡯̤֮䡯ȵȡҲֻ֪ϵĲ򣬲ϵݻͬ£ͨݻ̶ԽߣԽ
确ɽͨʹãǵӳһԱȵ޵ˮ׼确䡯ûα仯֮ǰʩһǲħŹĿƣҲڵˮ׼
ݻѾԼĪӽڣ϶ħʿĿƣͨԸڣħʿпܡɴ˿Լǰ
ʶһڷһʱͷ־ϲܿ侲ûż顮䡯öˮϸ˿ֻҪɵӣ֪һеԵǵǿС硣
⵽ʲô磬ѶʲôľǴ˵֮еľɣ
ôһûеóһѧŴɭַ֮ǰȡһöħԪ̥ȡֱͶˮ֮С
ȴ˴죬ŷֳһ˿仯ԭһöħԪ̥ˮ֮УΧת˲֪Ȧ֮󣬾Ȼһ˿澹ȻħԪתۼ
һŲ³ɭ÷Ȼħùħܹʵ
ԣⶫԲʹõģʹòõķʽҲûħϢаӦûбôġ
һһˣȻҪԼѰʽȴԼķôһñòС
Сף
ö˵Ѿ֪ˣźĸ㣬ǱĴмҲûСԿ϶ǣ̫أһҲûмأǱ̫߼Ϊûܿô߶˵Ĵм䡣
һ⻰ͲɵƵСѾǽڣϹ鶼֪һѵʲô߼Ķ㲻֪ô
Сʮֲŷ߷ߵĵ֪ʲôβôҲ˵ҪоβȻѪûɾβ񴫳м֮һûܵõ֪ĶȻȥˡϵǱҶʲô̫ƪֹ죬Ҳ֪֪ҲдɣСԽ˵Խǲˬǲһ˵ʲôֱӻһ׹ȥˡ
Ůĺ밡һֻܿЦ
СһӻңһȴҲйõ֮۱ղӡ䡯ݳ̶ȡЩ˵һ㣬ƺŹŲСĹϵ
⣬һõĹ֮Уľ֮йϵǡľ䡯ϵĹطľ䡯ľΪȻǹͨľϳ˹ʶ׼ʹáľ䡯ԣ÷ͨ
ľ䡷ľ̵֮֮һҲȫ͸һڸԵɣȻû˹ȴҲһЩ˽⡣һѰطǱ֮ľľط衶ľ䡷Ĺ֧֡


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ľĩĴУ겻Ǳٹڣһܹʹáƻľƽ֮ѾΪľ̵ͨطȻ˵ᳵ·ȴҲ㲻ʮΪѡ
ҹʱ䣬ڳˡѰطСЯһЩһ
确ǰֻ֪ḻȵȡʩչѰ֮ͬҵĸԴһ㣬ʽҩҩʽȵȣϢԺ֮С
ʩչһ֪ϢȷطȻ֮󣬱СҲ˳ʾطʮָȤЩദһһܻûٶСͨҲûΪѣֱӽ
СףȻϰ׵úôȻѵõҪΪһԷʩչͨطĹ֮лʲô⡣
˵طųܹ֮һ黨ĸԴȴǸһͬʵֶΡڱԽ߼ĴʱطĵԽࡣ
н趨մȾֲһ֮ǶٿݲһܹƷҩֲ߽
һ֮̽ٷ֮һ̽ٿݲ֮һ˵ȥһ˼Ҫ⻹ֻԼ㣬ʵҪͲ֪ˡ
ʶΪ˷ֹȼ̫ߣһ׼һӯ˵ڿк˸߼ҩȡ磬ʩչѰ
֮Уһ룬ǰˮ硣һĴһ֮һɫ⻪ͬһ㣬ָ仺̽磬һжǰһ㣬˳ޱȡһҪȡǱ֮ĸԴʱĶȻӾ硣
һҲ׼ڲϹͬʱһҧƿкüöҩҩѸתΪٴͶط֮С
ĵȼȻʮָߣʮ֮ûֳϢǣطɷǵûммӿ
鼱֮£Ҳ˲֮ǰļƻҧƿʣĵҩ糱ҩٴλṩšѰ̰󡣲ˣЩǲܹ㡣
һ׼˳ʱһ˫ϡһ˵ṩԪ
⻰һ֪С׳ʱϲ⣬ҲСװֱӴ󿪷֮ţС׵ԪͨԼľ롮Ѱط֮С
ȻС׵֧ԮǡѰطʾһ㶫Щһֶܴ롣С׵Ԫڲ룬Ѱطתһ뷨
ȻƵͬʱһҲϲĵȼͷ뵽屶СҲ벻Ԫ㲻׼ȷģҲܹ߰˼ż˰ɣһʾľȻֻôһ㶫ǼĴڣѵǾż߸߼ʲôľɸɣ
һжһжǲ룬Сײ֣㻨һչ֮󣬡Ѱڽһɡһֲִ֣мϹ֮硣
ϸһȴöʧˣСŴм䣬ͨϹֵĴڣҲܿʲô˼ֻӦԼо⿴һ֣ȴǲܶڣǵó׵һ𣬲ſܶʲô˼
õĽһС׶⡣ٽټ˰ʱ䣬ڶȴʮ֮һûֳȻʱ򣬱ǺǿСףɫҲò԰ֻøһԪҲˡ
Ȼ˵һϢûеõһҲ֪Լõһ˲ֻǸ߼Լʩչľȴñֶ֪֪ûϲǸñˡ
ˣһҲоǿ󲻵ãҪطڴʱһӱˡԼȻܽطֹͣ
оԼڼ׵ԼС͹ԽԽٵԪɵñ뵽ѵܹԽɱ˵ԼȻᱻһ
ľʱطȻȻһһоǱԪҲ˸󡣱ԪҪޱȣϵΪǾʧġ
ͷһһ̽Ϊ̨⣬ط֮Сˣȴɱˮн
ˣбҶ֮Ͷ룡ͷһֻҽˡ
ʱ漣ˡΪ㣬סĵڶ־Ȼʮǰٶֳ
㻨һʱڶ¶һϲ֣Ҳ֪ǲǰһִճһףֻõһʱ㴫С׿С׿ˣֻ֡ȴǡᡱ


 ֮
ᣬѵ绽뷨ճһԺ֮ʱҲͣġѰطȻԶ̸ֹͣϵϤ˳ջһС
оһҲһȻҶṩ֮޾˭Ҳ֪жߵĵȼϢҪѶ֮ǱҶ֮е֮ҲĻǲҲ
һ飬˵ȴսһҪĶǣòӵõһ֣˵Ҳʮˡ
֮ΪʩչѰط°빦С̽һֻÿ֮ǲ֮䣬ЩϢ໥Ƿˣȴܹ֪ˡ
սһС׶ƽʱѡ鵤ָսõĵҩȻѾҩԺͲڡǼõҩָҩԽԽ࣬»ѷаСʶһѡɷʽָ
һָǻҹ֮аöþʯľһŻָ˵ָٶȺֶȴͬտޣʶָ֮о֮֮ǰӯһ֡
ָ֮һҪĵһ±ٴζáвԡΣٲҴ⣬һС֮̽󣬲Žע֮С
һû뵽ǣñȻһ㣬ֱѳˮ˳ŷ㳯ų̈ȥٶȼ죬̨ǵû˿ֹӦһ㽫֮ȥ
һɲĳ̨֮ʱֻǿ̨룬ƬҶŷҲչҲǼȡӪǱҶͬһ㣬½ɫҫ
̨֮УԳǰǿһһ̨໥Ӧͣƺ̨һ֡һ˵оԼһپ٣صϵ仰˵áͿ֮ˡ
ȻһںͿʱҶϺһ˸Ϣֱ֮ע֮СⱾֻƬҶ羹ȻԿɼٶȳ֦ѿȻһƬҶ
һľ䡷֮УһƬӼصһ仰ײľ֮ˮ֮ɸ֮飻֮죬Ե֮
֮ȻҲʲôˮȻֱա֮ɳѵɣ
һЩкͿ飬һô벻͸СףȴҲûнһ޷Ҳ֮֮һּȶʵʼ顣
֮ǰ䡯ı仯һȱȡͨ顣Ľǣ䡯һƬɫҶƬϡͨĵͬӡȥһ㣬ȻΪƬҶƬ
һת䡯ʹƽûʲôϸ۲ǡ䡯ķľȻԶģԼ仺ȴʵʵڵٶԶţš
һǻϲѡǰȻйƲ룬֤Ȼˣȴһ㡣Ҫ֪ŹȻ棬ھۣͻͽ֮󣬱㽥Ϊ;ֻһǲͨ
ͨһˮĥ򣬳Ƕ򣬱ֻܻѴʱ䲻ɡȻһ⣬ҲҪѴʱĥƽǷһһãһһԸ
˵ʱ⡮ĳ֣ľݣԶͨҲ͵ڰˮĥʩųԽ󲿷˼ĥͲ򽣵棬ŹҲ÷ȫ֮¡
Ȼܹݡ䡯ܹͨҡʱֻƬҶա䡯ռһƬҶӦֻܹͨ롣
һһԾʶͨܲҲݣʶͨ⾫ܽϣǷ޵ĸڣѰͨһܰ룬Ҳ޷Ͷ֮С
ҲˣһҲѡֱӽʣµġɽ౦ľ䡯̤֮׷ͶҶ֮ϡȻһж˳˳ˮÿһƬҶóһͨ
롮䡯һ㣬ܹͨԶݿȻٶȻȲԼȫݵʮ֮һƬҶϵͨͬʱݣͬƽʱĳɵٶȣټҹݴӲͣϢʮֲֿˡ
ν̰ĲһҲ⣬ȻҪٽһԳظͨ˵ͨٶԽԽ졣
֮ȴٶûһáֻһĥһЩãͷԵʱ򣬾һǻͨĸоͨĥⶼҪѸٺܶࡣ
´ʱԽãǾʶ֮ͨУĦʶ©ͨǵ˸âԽѤȻû򿪣ȴǰҪ鶯֡
˵ûҵķšôһһõĺöβʹáʱû˴ţȫȫ


 
д꣬һһ붨ȥһʱ䣬ûԵҲûа㡣̷˲ٵҩڽһʱľ˳Ľڡ˵кڲûʲôƿѰҲҪʮͻƣٶһˡ
֮⣬ķŹҲΪšĸͨݵĳ̶ȣȻûȷԼҲӽԲ
ʵϣϰٴε飬εݣ׽һѾڱȽϵ͵ĳ̶ܹ磬ķͨ뽣ĽϣҲΣ˵ս˲١ΨһЩɥǣݸ򣬽򽣵޽򽣡ſҪ룬ȴǻһء
һһЩֶεʱһ֮г˼ſȥͨ¥֮УǱ֮ǰæµһɵһϣԭټ˵ӵ顣
һ֮УúѹѹһƬһӼǧˣȵ֮һʵˡ
һȴͥһǰȻðˣֱӱȥ
չʱ䣬һûټˣһȴֶϵϢЩͬˡԼԼЩ鸡ƺĿЩ
һͷĽͬʱ㹧ϲϲλʦ֣ᵤ
ԣһЦ˹ΪǲൽƿͻƵԵɱľ⡣쳾սǰԣ˲һж෬սľһһɱĻѾ㹻ڽ롮Բϡ
ԲʵǺڣֻǲԪĻۣĸ򶼵ͷǺڵĺڣǿԳԳΪ״̬
һѣ̾ԷΪһʼԼչȻ֪޲޲ԭʱҲûʲô˫ϡЩ֮Уʤ̭пķħ֮з׷ӿֲٽܳӡ
һ֮УӢĽȾż֣ҲǵĹâڸǡΪ棬ֲ١СӢСܡСӡ֮
ʮܣҶҶӣ貨貨һԪûɳӣûų֣ħһҲЩʲôħʮٵͷ֮⣬ЩصģԸ͸¶ҲЩš
̸˴֮ʱͥ˵һЩү֮ȻЩʵϣȴżŪһ֮ǰһλ֣ΪҲʮֻȴûϢϣǱħŰɱ˲źá
ԣȻѵõŽͷȥһʱ򣬲ŴζЦ˵
Ȼͥ˵һġնħ˵ȻǶͨһչذ³Щ
ݣһ䲻˵ǻĪҲԸἰ˸ҪӹͥҲֻǵһЩڿʣǰٻζ
һЩЦãĵԭƭƺȡ֮УСﻹЩٻ𣬺ȰС׷ֳ֮һӦ˺ȾƣǷ˿ڣ˶Դ˱Ǿڲᡣ
ʼ˴ξۻǣҲֻ֪ܿ죬˸һ⡣
һ³̨ϣ㰲һ׳ħ֮սʱһ䡣ܽһеʧ˵˴ȡõ֮е˶ٹͣжٵӻ˽֮󣬲˺
ڳ˶֪Ĳص㣬һ۾ԭħ֮ս󣬻һһΣԣҲʮַǶһܹһƷı
ƷʲôɴȵһҲͲȼѰӣһҲòôһȴʮֳ֪һַ
Ȼϸûֻ˵ԸӴĵӲ֪һ֮ʼʼ֮ǰԱμӡ
֪ϢٵӵҲеĵ֪ûѵͣжߵĽжߵΣգʶûвμӡ
ͥˣȻΪԲʵͬڲ٣Ϊ˽ᵤĻᣬûʮֵıҪȥһʶѡ񾲵ȹ
һȥ⣬Ҳ֪Լõĺöֻçײˣͬ׼һپ


 
˼Ȳű񣬱һͬصɽסһƬ򡣺һ֮ǰԼͥһ͵һҲֻ˵áСֹȡҪ
ͥȴǵһ˼䷿ʹ죬񵱳һ㣬ƺβգ
⻰һ顣װ֮ϣͥٴȡǷ̺ϣƮա
һµգٻŨ㣬뵳ʤǺþþƵǰһν
˸˰Ƶʱͨ¥֮зɳȥ貨š̲ƺҪ֪貨Ůһò绨һˮʣһʱ֮Уûеǰȥ˵⼸Ҳˡ
⼸ɳԶʱΪһͣŤͷһתֱֱĳһ˷ɹ
һ⣬ɹ̺֮ͣǰΪһ񣬰°ۣٻ壬ÿһ͸ű⣬ȻЩĺöˣһǿӣȻѷȴҲʾҲơ
Ϊ΢΢һЦ̧һԭλʦڴƣСˣʦ־ԣ£ȻƵλʦ֣Ŀȴǿͥ񣬾ǽͥ˼
ֻͷȾƣһҲôͥЦһ֪ʦкμ̣
Ӽͥ𻰣Լµû΢΢һЦСܱλʦٻŨʦ־ԱǲãСܻһ֮룬ʦоˮԸʯ򡣡
⣡ͥû뵽ôһ£üͷ΢壬Ŀһһۡ
һԣûӦֻСصġߡһС׾Ϊǵʯٷ־Ƴͥɫһ΢΢ҡͷʾ⡣
ӶʱԼȻϴˡһҡͷвһ˿мûͥ񿪿ڣٵǲУʯҲɣ˵ţ֮͸һ˿Ȼζ
ͥ˾һ㣬Ȼζͷӵģ⻰Ȼ𸴡һûбʾ֪ѾģԵλʦܼˣǴ˴У޶ĿԷֳˡ
⻰ӵǲɫֻվȻһЦǱֵʱ򣬷ſƣһȻΪſĴ˵ǿ֪ʲôô
ʱȾƲ˵ˣŭһ롯ץһԵĴ󽣣һӣһɳɳ
߾նΪһ۱㿴⽣һֱ̧ųһöƣֽ˻ס͵ײڹϣͬھɢ
һһоȻûֵʱǰͣڱ˵ĽΪһ㣬Ҳ˲С
ӵһɫѿһֵ֣ˣǰ΢΢ֵԭʦ֣Сһȴˣλʦ־ԣʦּ£Сߡ˵ţ漸һ̱ˡ
һ·ɳͨ¥ɳأͣһæʵϹʦ֣˵ҪŪһþǰȥ貨ôΪΡ
Ϲʦְ˰ֵҪ˵ˣɽʮС֮һɴǰʮʵ˵á
⻰Ȼһ˿ڵʲôɴΣϹʦֵݺʵҲ
Ϲʦһ֪ʲôȻûʲô츳ʮֲ˵гϰй۲ҪΪӣսᵤһ˵Ӧνͥˣ츳ʵҪǿһ֣һǾ͸ûҪΪһȥˡ
Է׷׵ͷǡ
˭֪Ϲʦɫһ䣬˵ǵ꣬ȻΪȴֻǳ룬ͬϯǰٻҲİգԼҳͷͥ𻰣ܾҵ󹺣̫ˡȥҲһ飬ǴûбҸһͷԳԣҲͷ졣
⻰ԸæͷǡϹʦֱ˼貨ŷȥԭؼƵˣͥЦָˣȻ𻰣ûΪ׵Ӧþ³¯ġʮܡ֮һϹٷۣǱϹټҵһӵܡǵᱨأ
ԣһ±յһԵĴ󽣣ݺһЦҪÿҵĻӦӦ
⻰ͥ񣬱һЦˡЦ֮˱㵱ǾЦһЦȰһƾ˾ء


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ͨ¥Աﲻ֮أһƬʮֹƺƯʱй⻪ת⻪֮Уһ䣬Ȼ˼䲼˼Ľ󷨡һƬƺ֮һ貨ŵľͷ̲ƺ
ഫһ̲ƺ貨һλɾҵλʦ֮ϣɼɼԪˮ־ѻõĲΪֶƶɡ
һƬƺƮƮһƣʵ޴󣬸ֺ⣬ǧ򻯡дԳƴ˱ȫһǿޱȵĻ󣬼УҲ
Ƿǿû֤мֿ󣬵ҲǲСûġ
Ϊ貨ž绨ŮӣǲŮ˫֮¡ʶ̲ƺ֮󣬱ʱɵ˵ǰݻᡯȻжǰݼжĻᣬͲö֪ˡ
ӷ׷貨Ŵɣйطȣǹ涨ÿǰߣûЩϵҲǽȥġһȴЩֻͬøʽɫݹ˷٣Ȼܹö֮ĽСһȴҪ鹦һν׻ᡣ
Ҳ֪˭飬˵˴ĴɾӢ۷ǳѵã֮վһս˻ٶЩջΪĴɵ֮飬ĵãͨޣſһν׻ᡣ
ڵص㣬ѡȻĴɾͷפءפУͨ¥ҶԺСɽȻһ壬޴󣬸ܹǧӾסҪĴɵӽףȴСѡ˿ǧ򻯣̶ʱܹ֮óܴĳص̲ƺ
֮Ĵ֮еĵӶʱеһĦȭƣŮҲǺ׼ڸĿΪΣǾͲΪ˵Ҳˡ
׻һգĴǧ˲μӣ貨ŵġ̲ƺȻ棬̶ʱձŪһԲʮ᳡仹ʱһЩС᳡㹻ˡ
᳡óɴԱǸɵΪ̯֮ãԸĿԵĽʮöʯѡһԼ̯λҪˣĴѡ
ʱһŮƵĵڻ᳡ϣһͥԼƱϻ򸾡
ڽ׻ᣬһͷֻǿпޣǰҲߣǷҵһõĶǰһ죬ýӵһöѶٷϢȴ٣ݴһһձμӽ׻ȵȡ
ͥһ˵ҲҪμӣžǰǶΪᵤڼҪΪᵤ׼Ҳ֪˵׻ϣǵеӽףĴҲųһЩöбиᵤ鵤ҩ
Ҫ֪Ⱥö´󹦣дֻлʮļ۸áʶȺϢ˺׼һЩʱڱƱǺ룬ֻǽ飬ʲô
᳡ϣ˶᳡֮֮ŨȾ󣬽ǧ̯λſڷŸʽƷ˳Ļɫ⣬иеĶҶŵʡ赤貨ŵĸֱһԪڵĸƵΪһΪڣ纱޵ȵȣɵӵĻǬɽһƵ
Ȼ֮⣬ħŵϵսƷҲеģħʺʹáһЩԭϣ޾ǣѪƳɹûʹõ꣬һЩԵĲϵȵȣȴҲЩ·ϾҲľͷԴ֪֮ΪĵЩֻҪҵʵ÷ܷӳС
ԼĪʱһǻ˲ʯ鵤ҩľϵȵȣֻҪòĶ˲٣ƱϻҲЩ˳ҪһЩһöͳ֡
ͥһĽ⿴˻ʯΪ˹ᵤҩǶ޲ýԼＯʯﻹڹ㻨ѡ
׼ȥʱһͻȻһյǵȻ𣬳һ˹ȥٻͬҲٻһ
һò˸ǡͥҲЩȲ׼̯ЩȡʯƱϻҲҪһ䣬һһԼһ£ɢˡ
һѭķȥԼĪһʱ䣬ȻȺСǰȥĲ٣ǼСѾͷʱСѾͷɫɷȻҲڡ


 ΧСѾͷ
СѾͷ΢λ֪СѾͷʹõİϷȻ֪ŪٵϢ龫ֵѾͷ쵽µҲѵġ
ֻǴʱСѾͷһˣΧ绨Ů⣬ǺüŻⱦĹӸ
һСѾͷͬʱСѾͷҲǿһ㡣ֵǣƽʱ˹أ첻µزµСѾͷξȻЩŮĸоΧ˵˵ʲô߹һһ򸣣Сüʦ֣
⻰һֻ̫߹ˡСѾͷһ򸣣ȻйоأôôñŤҪЦĳ嶯
СѾͷǿƫƫͷ˻ûиųûһһһ
һԼûϴǼСѾͷ֮ҲסЦ⣬йоصĹּһ
ڴʱһȺڸŮӼһȻ֪ݣȴҲһһѡ㲻һһΪµͷƷ˹˵Ǻĳһλ͸СѾͷļ
ͷֶƣ֮⣬Ȼһȴѵõľ龲ĵáֵӦһѰƷ൱
ƽ߲ܵСѾͷξȻŮ״ԾܾˣǼλ֮Уһλϧ̾һȻ͵ġ
ʦٴεһƵͬһǰһֵҪһ֣СѾͷǾܾˡ
̶̰㲻λʦ߼ʽƷСѾͷǽЩܾˡǵĺһȺӸϺһ󲻺ÿֻȴûһ˸ҷ
ܾЩӸ磬СѾͷͷλʦλʦ㣬λʦ֣ʦֵһš̲ƺΪʦ򵼣λʦæͲ˰ɣ
⻰λʦɫ곤ʦ㿪ڵʦ㣬Ǿʹ˷ֿ¡
΢΢һЦҡͷλʦ֪λʦҽҲǾɽǽڴҲģǶλʦ㻹йǣºʲôףСҽͱˣ
⻰Ȼ˶һܹϵûӢЩţСѾͷ˵һǻӦǲˣֻö䣬˵ͷҪȥ
Ƕ˿ˣһȺӸȴǲԸˡӸ֮УҶˣˡһҶŵǰһ湫ӵĴ磬һϢֻ°͸߰۸ڶȻǸ
ҡҡȣЩӵĿһһۣһҶźλʦγƺ
һԵҲһ񣬴һ
Ŷԭʦܣ˵ʦǵһ̲ƺϤҵȽͬΣҲЩȤζ
һԣ۽ƳСѾͷһۣĲԸ⣬⣬Ҳϲ۸ڶȴʵύҡҡͷѼ£ĳϲͬβá
һҾܾԼɫ緭һ㣬ʱһһ䡮ʶ̧١صӸ֮С
⻰һҲ֮һƽϣСѾͷһ߰ɡСѾͷһЦһ򸣣һˡ
öԶȥһйӸҲûûƤĸȥ
ʦֿһӻҰһҶŵЦ
һҲٷΪλСǴͨؽڣҲ˲Ǯƣ˵࣬ȴ˰·ȥӵĿɲֹһˣ
λСܱЩҲ㲻ʲôؼǴ˿ɺޣʦܣڵĵӣ֪ţбôһҶŵӿڵ
ʦ룬ҡҡͷڸ棬ȴû˵ôһɢʿһЩС壬ΪǡôʦҪԸô
ʦֹһЦûбãƾЩֶΣüС椻ģҪϵøλҲרŶԸֻڼСǰȻˡ
⻰Ȥֻʦֵһ׻õĵطֻҪ˼һ£ʱȻлǡ
ҲǴ֮ڴ˵ҲЩĵãһͷǲѡ
ȴ˵һ˲֪ЩƻСѾͷߵԶˣЩˣһЦûǰǰ֣Ůһˡ


 佻׻
һ̲סЦ̶еӣǰҲ㶼ϲˣ
һתЦҽΧ֪иطȲСͣ˵Ҫһߡ
һվһЦЦı鿴СѾͷѾͷǼ鲻˵ʲôɣͳԷȻҲø˵вǡ
СѾͷŪȥŸ죬߷ߵ֪ƭ磬ˣûǼӬ£С͵͵ˡ
һáӬǼӸ磬ҲûΪǼƽֻǲΪ΢΢һЦ
֮СѾͷʼˮһлҪӰǰ˵
ԭǼ֮СѾͷҲֽס𣬱ӢӼ軨¡סˡ֪µĻӢȻ״ȻٽᵤɹСѾͷĶпܾ͵ħսϡ
µȻͲͬˣĲ˵ҪһӢӵҪʾһ㣬СѾͷرʲôƶչظüſϷų
λʦСѾͷദʮ꣬ԸСѾͷչܿ࣬뵽øᵤɹСѾͷ顣
⻨ӢҲ᲻óԿ࣬˳µӾʹ˽СѾͷͻرĳͷ
ӢҲǾӢеľӢʮ˽ԼѵĸԣҪúһ
СѾͷĻ˵Ǿǡ⡢ӡСѾͷԲرڴ˴Ҳó̲ƺǰþֹׯһˣҪϻرȥչء
鶼СѾͷԸȡ£ڴ˵ءСѾͷҲ֪ԼдѵõĹؾأڡ̲ƺڿ
ν׻ַǷСѾͷԣ˰꣬ﻹ̵סŴһû뵽ǣ˸չˡλʦ⣬ôһȺӸһΧˡ
һͣһǿ⣬뵽Ѿͷ˰꣬ҲǿȻ֪ЩҲٱֻһεõٵĴѶ
⻰¶һЦֻǲش𣬷ʱ֪ˣ
һ˵꣬ҲƵ̯ܵλȥˡΣһСѾͷҲ޷ֻЦЦȥ
СѾͷҲǹصþˣֳѣȫǰ˵ҪһƷȵ飬ֻ˵Ͽ̯λǼҵĻ
ֻ඼ͼʣ򡣵һ·ϣһʵĶСѾͷĽѡ
һֻÿЦͳԼƷЩƷȻֻȴ˺ЩǧֶΣƷȻЩ̯λϵĻҪһЩ
СѾͷܾЩӸһȴǶ˵ҼһЩոӾɣǰ֡
ȴ˵תһȦͥ˵̯λ̯λɫƷȴǲ࣬նɱħŵõսƷΨһЩɫģȴǼӡ˽Ľ
ЩǶзӡһ衮Ԫֹ⽣һЩҪƳɵĽЩƣ˵ֻжԳֵɣԲΪԼ߳ĽԣȴҲʮֿɹˡ
Щжʮֻܿʣ¼ɼ·ǲֻǲһܹһ֡Ԫֹ⽣İʶһܹʮǵˣٶȴҪԪòʧˡ
һȻİˣȴԸƤ˸⣬ȡʮħʽö˰æǳ֣һˡ
ͬһųһƷǲͣȫһɷֳҲǲʯͥȻһͼҲƴǣæӦ
һۻ˻СſꡣβСѾͷһЦ벻뿴߼һЩĶ
һһ㶣߼һЩģ⻰Ӻ˵𣿡
СѾͷһЦϢͨǰǹһȦ᳡Ȼ٣Ʒȴǲߣǰųһ᳡Ҳǵˡ׻ԣȴ㲻ʲô
һԻȻ˵ǻһЩֻ᳡кö
СѾͷͷŶֻ᳡ĶҪ˲٣Ϻ鵤ҩȱȽǣзأЩֻ᳡ҲĴɵӽ׵ĵطöȻУƷȴҲأ˵ţСѾͷδĿһһۡ


 鵤
Ŷ̶˼ǣ˷ֻ᳡⣬еطи߼ĶɣһʱȤʯв٣ҲкЩʵõĺöȴҲӶࡣ
СѾͷһЦ˷ֻ᳡˽⣬һĶͲǸɸˣɺ貨ҲóЩͼĿ¶Ƿһ߼һЩıǸ䱦
䱦һҲɵ΢΢Ծͨ¥⣬Ȼ֪ν䱦ͬʮѵõĴڡԲƷҩ챦ȵȡͥ˵иᵤƷ鵤ڴˡ
СѾͷһ𻰣㵱Լ˵ĶˣһЦҪȥ̶ҿ·Ŷ
һԣһȻˣ̶ʦô·ǡ
СѾͷ״ĵ˵ͷװϳˣЦǰ棬᳡һȥ
˲Զһ¥Щ¥ʵṹΪΰװҲʮ־¡ȴǸ죬Ȼԭڴ˴˴˹᳡ʹõġ
СѾͷָЩ¥̲ƺ֮б෿¥ڵϢ֮áƽ¶ţν׻ȡ˳˷ֻ᳡翴ģǷָҽģ˵òţ˳һ
һԿȥȻһ¥Ҫ߹һ㣬ռҲֲ黨ݣԵʮ¡
ˣȥȥֻ᳡
ļôҪϲſʼȥҲǿտյģʦжҪǿȥĶɲܵͣҪǷһǲأȻǼɽ൱һףҽ㶼˵ƷĸߣҪĻ̶˵ҲҪأ
һԿЦѾͷҾͿأˣô졣
СѾͷͷȻһŷӡһ״Ҳ޷ȷʵвٿĶնɱħŵõħŷкü˻ȡʯáֻһʿͽ»ɡ
Ȼȥһֻ᳡ʲôöɣ
һ飬СѾͷ˵ﶼ棬Ȼû飬һķֻ᳡ȥ
˵ֻ᳡֮йȻвͬһСķԼĪ߶ʽﶼļϣһм飬߲ο˻һԣȥ⹺򣬱𶯴Ѷر˫̸׼ǮͿԽס
˼ƻû᳡ͷ̶ȴʵʵһ̨סԣͼĶƷƷҲкЩкüڼϣò˹ۿ
˼ˣΪ඼ڣΪҲ٣ֻǽΪĴңֲαĶڵʿ
һǧʯһƷɽСѾͷǲĿ⣬ҲֻЦʵ˷ɽʲôȫ̭ˣĲַ
ַǧǧ򣬱״ҲԳʶֻҪɽ϶ѧЩʵõֶΣȥܹʹõϣٶʯ׬Ȼںǧʯˡ
⣬С׵İãȻҲչ˲٣ϺõϣȻǲܴһЩѸٻظƷ鵤Ҳąܹ̃ȡͨһЩи߼Ҳüǧʯ
һ·ȥʯһǴһǹһطûע⣬ȴҲСѾͷУݷͬѰٶʯΪ⡣
ǺǸһһ·ҪӵĹӸĿࡣΪһ˵ǲ֪Ĵӵܣŷ׷ȥһͨˣͷЦȴҲǡ
ߵһ᳡ϣһǰЩΧȥһ˲õıϲֵСѾͷק֮£һҲȥԭշϼӵһƿ鵤
Ѱ鵤ҲͰˣҲô˹עһƿ鵤Ʒ鵤鵤Ӽ鿴⡮鵤֮ԳΪƷΪ丨ͻС磬ԸͻڣԸͻƺڡ
˵к㲻ʲôƿֻҪΪʱˮɡ鵤Ǹͻʱ䡣һ˴ӳڵҪ꣬ˡ鵤ҲֻҪꡣ
ʵʱ䣬Ԫ֮ǰͻƾ磬һгɿաʶ⡮鵤ȻЧرǿȴҲܲ׷ôΧֻۡǱǧԼ۱Եò㣬ֻΧۣû˳֡
һոڣҪ̣⡮鵤ʡ˲ٹ򣬹ʶƿ鵤ҲҪ̧һһԵĴѶ
ʱһӺ洫һƿ鵤Ҫˣ


һ һ
⻰һתͷȥԭϵãǵħսϼ顣ֻǽμ棬˵ĸо뵱˲ͬԷâȴʮ㣬ȴǷâԣЩζ
ʱǵҩҲˣȴһ׷ϵϵǽ𵤸֣ϵʾһԪڵӵ
֪һλ˴ѶһҪһƿ鵤ô
⻰һ˹ֵλʦ֣˴Ѷ
ûϵڣҲǰһЦһʦ֣빺һƿ鵤
ţϵ״ɻһ𶯣ȴҪҩҲڴˣ΢΢һЦλʦܶҪ鵤ⵤҩֻһƿҲǲ֪࣬λʦθַ
ʦ鵤жöֻȡöǡһ΢΢һЦ
ϵŶһ˵ͷ˵ͷ鵤õԽЧԽڣöҲˣһƿ鵤жʮöҪöҲǴ´ˡֻǲ֪һλʦܣҪ٣
һֻҪö¶һ˿ЦЦıڱýʦֻ֪Ҫʮö㹻
һһüͷ΢壬ϵЦʵλʦΪѾѾãÿ鵤ٶãΪλһҪʮöأ
鿴һߵļһۣȻ鵤ֻһЩѻҪġ˵ҩƽټռȻҪ౸һЩġ
ԣϵȻĵ˵ͷ¶ɫλʦһҪöһȴҪ£ȴǲ÷䣬Ƕ˺ϼƺϼưɣ
ԺǺһЦʦִԲӣ֮ȻҾ˭˭ֻðʦһ£ʦּȻ鵤óȻҪġֿһһȫʡ²ô
ţƺЩϵԵ˵ͷûձʾʲô
һЦһͼ˹弧һʦΪú鵤Ϊʦöı⣬ʦ¡
СѾͷֻǳһлҲ˵ջǲաתͷһһϿҼϧҡͷʦܣȷʵԲסˣ⻹ʦֵܣҪ鵤ֻʦܿջϲһˣ
⻰һҲֻ΢΢һЦ֪ԷԼǾɵˡȻ벻ͨΪʲôҪԼӱǿǿԲϾʹ˸ݡ
鳯ϵȥݹʯ㽻׳ɹǰһ̣һһЦڵʦֵĽȻСҲһ뷨οҲ޷
ҲһҪԼͷֻǰЦĶŵһЦʦʲô˵ѵҲҪһƿɣ
һҡҡͷҲһֻҪö鵤Ըһļ۸򣡡
һ۸񣡡üͷһ壬Цһļ۸ҲǶึöҩļǮС˼Ը⸶ʮöҩļ۸չ
ϵһԸһʱ⶯֮ɫ϶öҩǰ¶ϲɫûдӦһڴĿһ
һ飬ʱ뵱ļϵһλ˾Ȼȶֻۡжƣ˫΢УǹЦʦִԲӣȻʦļ۸˵˵Ϳ۸ʦҪҲӦҲʮöҩļ۸²ǡλʦֵ˵ǣ
һѯʣһԿֵҲƵĵͷǣϵͲðʯĹ
˵ʲôӶҪɳⲻǽһһü̵Ļģſϻǧʯ鵤һһ࣬Ȼһǧʯ
ǧʯɲһСĿ㹻ˡȻҲõó뵽ϵϵĺöǻ˰ǧʯʱ׽⣬ԸҲ͵òʧˡԼһƿһ̧ۣԼǿ£ʧʯҪٶࡣȨһڻǷ⡮鵤Ҳһ˹֣ͷҲص˦ȥ
Χֻһ鵤Ȼ۸һһҲüͷҲͳһǧöʯݹȥ
˭֪ϵȴҡͷ
һԣ׬ҲˣȻ̰ᣬҪһ̧ͷϵ˫۵˲䣬ʲôЩʶָܿоתһ˿ԨƾȻʶ֮СƾȻһͯӻǿȻ뽣϶Щ¡
˲һˣͷӿͷһæתߣٿȥȴָֻ˼̵ʡ


һһ ǰ
ȴ˵һһԪݵϵסԱЩΧ۵ĵȴûʲôо̰ᡯ˳˻ϲ˾ǿ֣ǰʿݣȴû
ǼСѾͷҪǰ˵ʲôϵٺһЦһӣһûܸоϢɢǱſֵˣһһͣȻԶ߿ˡСѾͷҲһ㶣عȴǷʲôûз
Χ˶߹ˣСѾͷǾòٰʲôҹ㣬һҪǰһֻס
һڵ̶öǰ񣡡
һ㶣˼ǽڸŸҲǵһξͳǰˡһûи͵ĻᣬĹ˹ֵһǰӻͳһʯ˹ȥ
һʯϵٺһЦĿ֮ȫǵóѵļ̡һȴûһСӹ
ǣ˵۸ֻǧʯöˣˣҲһ㣬һöҲ֪ʲôʱͷǷˣ˵ţϵһöںƿ鵤׸һ
һӹҲ࿴ֱ£ֵлǰ
⻰ϵ־ЦЦû뵽ճ׬ôһʣѵѵã˵űֻ᳡ʧڶǰ
ˣЩ磬ΪʲôҪԾǸ̰
һԣҡҡͷҲ֪ôֻͣǴӴƿ֮ȡö鵤ݸСѾͷСѾͷҲֱҲ֪һԸ£ֻԼ졣
СѾͷˣСƢһҲȰ˿ϵʧķζ̾˿СѾͷһֻ᳡ȥ
ȴ˵һߺһ˵Ľ䣬ǰֻ߳᳡ϵȻһСѾͷӣ΢΢һЦֻٿġ̲ƺȴû뵽ȻСӡ̶̼꣬ɳȳ̶ȡڣΪǿǿһصʵֶΣƣǵϷӵ洫ٺ٣ǵõϷӱ̬Ҳûеȳ̶ȰɣѾͷʮִļѪǼҵϵˣҲ֪ôСϡҪ֪̫ſʲôѪˣ֪ǲС鷳顣Ҳãʮһټ٣Ƽʻᣬش䣬߲Ҳ֪жСܹȡشˣҡֱϣɳΪһ뢡СӣҿŶոһͷտҪأ
˵꣬ϵ˿ͷٺһЦֹһʲôˡ̧һĨȻһĿһƮ𣬱ʧԭء
һڴˣ˵ܹ𷽲ĿǵԴ֮£ָ֮ѡ伮ߡ
ȴ˵һһǶԷ͸¶ԼϢΧ˺СѾͷֶΣÿһͷȻ󲨡
λǰȻ뽣൱˿㲻罣ҲԶˡǷڵҲ֪Ĵɻ˻¶ܹ˵ġҺÿλǰ˼ûж⣬ĵֶΣɱڵҲ֪λǰȥȻҲԸ¶Լ˿ֻûôһ¾ͺá
ͨ˽ڣһȻֻûһ㣬СѾͷһһķֻ᳡Щ᳡Ķǧٹ֣ȫȻ۸԰󣬴඼ֵСѾͷܿҲǰǼ
ʱֵҹ½˳᳡ȥûһ˵ʲôСѾͷ᳡ȥ
᳡ǰüŮӭˡ˵᳡Ҳʲô˶ܽȥһ˵ʿһɷУʿҪһʯΪ볡ѡ
һʯƲ࣬ȴһżԾǽǿֵˣװ׻ʯʶеģ඼㹻ʯǰпֵģȴҲռ˶ط
һΪҲýһʯӭŵŮʶСѾͷһһ·Цŷ˶˹ȥ
ö֮˺ţСѾͷǵûʲôԾ̶ɣʡöʯأ
һҡͷЦĵԭѾͷԼһöʯԼͷˡѾͷҲûʲô취ֻõͷӦѾͷ䡣
ʱһϤһԴʦùȻûʳԣ潫ʦˣ


һ ᳡
һתͷȥһһŮ˹еǰû٣Ů¡ֻǰټЩնһǰһ󣬿ΪܣͲЯͬεĳ̶ˡ
һĻһ뵽Щ΢΢һЦʦֲСܺңû뵽ȴ貨ˣ˵ţζĿ˿£һʦ㡯ǽŪЩ졣
β֪һ˼ǺһЦĿ˿£ŵʦܻٴȤˣΪֵĲǣһֻ󷨣һ⣬ѽᵤΪ䲻ϣǶ롣ռʦһ糿ĺĵңͷ֮ͨ£žðսᵤȻҲǶʦһ֣½ᵤɷ¾
һл״һæʦֲضҷͬţཻʲôллģ档
ԿЦŵ˵ͷǺǰʦܼȻɰлһʦ֣Ҳнա˵űһӯӯһ
һ˰񣬱㲻ɫ˺һǼСѾͷæһЦɲ֪ʦֵʦѾˣʦ˶þͿʽΪˡ
һԣһЦԭˣʦĲˣϲ¾Ȼ
ԣѵ¶һ˿ɫŨŨЦ⣬һ˵ֲ˵ǳСѾͷһۡ
СѾͷǵõæٽᵤ֮ףµʦϳŵćº˵һͨ
ڴ˵ֻÿЦŽһ˵ΪԼ겻ϧǵ˼ͷȵȡʱһֻæҪʼΪɣһͣ˳ȥ
᳡֮Уǰһ̨Ρ𵤵ӱ䵽ǰֻں󷽣õڳߣ㲻ʲôϰ󷽻еĸֻ̨⻪ƣ龰ȻǸݸߵʹõġ
¶˶ǽ𵤸֣ʶǰȥˣһСѾͷ·Ҳѡһλ£ܿǰμĵѾֻƷ֡
˰ʱ䣬һϸ̨ҽ貨ŵӣǴ˴ˡŮվڸ̨֮ϣֵ󷽣Ȼйⷽ澭ġԽ̽һ֮󣬱˵һƷ
һƷһһƷС«а˵ƣͷܹų׼ǧʯ
һ˵һƷֵߣȴܶĻ˴һΪƷȻֻһƷȴҲԿó˴Ʒˮ׼ȷʵĽ׻һ
һģúӴ˷Ľмۡǰ𵤵ûһ˳Ͼ˵һƷԼҲƣ˳֣طǰΪӶģǶȴźҪı
ѰһƷһʯҡƷΪʾ˵ãм۵һǧʯųɽ
ƷǷ֮ƷиеͣߵһһƷԲһǧʯļ۸֡
һս֮󣬱鵤ᡣЩ鵤ļƷ赤ȵȣЧĵҩҪ֪ϺõĵҩΣ֮ʱܾȵʶЩҩҲϷŹҶһ
֮Уһ̵ҩ֣µĶһҿڵʮöɫϣһӵҩƮ˳ͬʱ˾쵤
΢΢һЦļƷ鵤쵤ҩôڽᵤ֮ʱһɽᵤʣλڴҩҩѾʮ˽ˣڴҲ˵ʮöҩʮ׼۶ǧʯ
һ׼۳ڣڶӶһ˵ǧʯ࣬Ҫ˵ʲôԡһöССĵҩҪǧʯ۸òҪֵ뷨
мۿʼ˷ĽмǲϣȻҲʮҪ֡ϾƷ鵤ֶмУʯ򲻵˴κò׳֣οϷ֡
Žмһʯһڣûг֡ΪѾһö鵤ֵ֣ҩһαʧȥЧʶһö˵Ҳá
ڴʱһһǧʯ
һͷȥɣһԵͥûг֣ȻǶ˾˲ͬڽмۣ໥
˱ͻȻߵļ۸ѹƵʱֻһһǧʯҪˣ


һ ֲͼ
һӶгһǧʯѾŵú滹б㲻ٽмۡʱȻͻһӱıȥ
ȻʯȴһǧӡǼмۣ˻ȥʶǷһö쵤
õڶö鵤ʼмۣ˴ͥ֡ļƱȴʱһʤûտʼмۣǰٴοڵһǧʯһҪˣ
⻰ڳڵڲˣһöҲͰˣڶöҪѵⵤҩԲɡ
ȴû˼мۣҶʯõĲˣûʯĵҩһöҩһǧöʯУʱҶоԣЩˣ˵ͬʱųＯʯĵҩ
ʱö쵤ʼһΣ˾Ȼûһʼе߼ۣΪˣҲһ㿪ʼĽмۡ
˴ֵ֣ͥץסм۵һǧʯֵͳʱ򣬺һǧʯĸ߼ۣʱס
ڴʱٴ𣬵öȻԽԽãһǳһǧʯ
⻰ͥɫһ䣬˼һתһһǧʯҲʾЦűһǧʯͥһ٣Ȼ׼һЩȴҲޣ಻ʯΪһö쵤Ҳƴˣֱӱʯ
Ҳ֪ﴫٺЦһʯҲ٣쵤Ҳֵۣӳһǧʯ
ѹߵıۣͥһٲмۣö쵤ٴС
˿뽫С쵤չˣͥ˵
ʲôˣȻôʯһҲô㣬ץҪԲ˶ߣ
ⶼǺ󻰣Ҳܵõ쵤ᵤϣɶ
ߣɶ񰡣ȥŪʯĶĲˣѵҪɣ
ʱһӰ˹λʦֹȻ鵤ˣ
⻰˿ȥ˲һ˭ˡ
ͥЦŵݹһףʦˣãЩ˵ʯѾȡɣʣµľİǧʮöʯ
һһ㣬Ҳ֪ṵ̂Լʯͷһת׻ͥҿλʦȱʯСͷЩҲݲЩ͵λʦΣ
⻰һۣΪ⶯ǶǧʯǶ˵õ쵤ĻҲʹ˲١һ˹֣лʦܣ
һ˰ֵλʦཻһҲ֪λʦΪˣнлʲôллֻҪλʦֽᵤ֮չһˣ˵ţָָ̨Ķ쵤صԼλȥˡ
Ȼһǧʯܹ˽ߵʯڵö͵ڰöϣֱ𻨷ǧǧöʯˡ쵤ƺ۸Ѿֵŷ¡
һ쵤粨ȥ滹иݣʽϣ޻ǣкüͷΪޣÿÿкö֣㼤һһĸ߳һʱǰأΪʿ׼
ͽ𵤵Ľ֮䣬һհڡ˱ڳԸԸģֳȥҲΪ˳ＯʯĺöЩ𵤵Ӷ˶ȥٵļ۸ֻ֮ʮƷ
ʮ棬ֱǷɽһɫ£һƿ鵤弶Ʒָҩ浤໹ʯһĸƷƷɽĺòϣһǻʯƻԷϼѲϣöļһöԣһöټķԣһ弶ƷԪӤһҲΨһһ˿͸ĶȴһƵĻ
Щϸ̨֮ʱòٽ𵤵ӵȤǼƷʲķǡ浤ʯЩõϵġ
ΨһŲͼĥ͸Ҳֹ˶ȤϾн̫ϡŹֵĶ˶͸Եˣ˵һ󱦲ءȻǺܶ࣬µĳвٵġ
ȻҲֻЩȤˣһŲͼһȴǴĲֻͬ˿һʲô¶ûзӣͷȴǿ˹
ǽͼûһŽͼĲƬѾţٶһţ֪ж仯ͼֵ̫ߣһҪõ֡


һ Ԫ
һ¶ҪõŽͼʱ򣬺һλϰһӡϢȴǲԡǴʱ˽ʶ̽ȥȻᱻǱ仯޶˵ϢŪͷת򣬿պʶ̽鵽һ㶫
һҪΪܴŻ֡ᣬһȦ棬Ȼûнᵤһֻһ⹦£һڸǱ仯Ϣķ
ʱ̨չʾʮƷĿתĿšһһ˹΢΢һЦ˵˭ܹϯȫ롮쵤Уԭ֡⵹ҲǣֻҲóʮʯһüͷ
⻰̧ͷͷһĿȻһ޵ĸоƺһӦһλǵŮӣʱȴһӡ
Ҷ֮ף˵Цĳֻɢ֮ˣеǮûλˣһ°ˣҲҪԲԽᵤ˰ɣһö쵤͵ССɾ⣬ֲҪƴǲǰ˵ţһöֵһʯĶ쵤ʲôͨҩһƮƮ˳
飬Ҳ³¯Ҷ֮ס֡쵤Ҳһöᵤ֮áû뵽۸һӱ㳭һ壬򡣱ҷҲЩ㷣һ˳ϣ˹
Ԫ󼸸֮һݼҵӵܣ丸ĸݼҵϵΪһЩʦţýԪӤں⿪һأŵԻعǽԪ˱һڼ֮λᣬ嶼Ϣ׷׽ϵӵɳȻλʮ֮ĩٶϲύӵܣԵʮֲ֮ǰûм棬һ⡮쵤нύҵ˼˵ҲǣĸȻԪӤΪ֮£ݶȻΡӽҪύǵĻᣬԼݵλˣҵǿ֮ύȲʲôܽĲòٺô
˼һתչգύˣǺһЦлҲˡ쵤УһԵλԪ
ʱʼʮƷԪȻ֣һȺ𵤵ӾǼǶƷңѰ̷ҲʯҡԪͬһ㣬ϧʯԳѰ۲ٵʯһ
ȡɽԪЦŽ֮͵ǰĳ;Ҷ֮סⱦ߽֮֮ʿɵãĳ㱦Ӣۣ¡
ˡ쵤ټͱͷ϶ԷʮҪύԼкôãðײãƴһ֮󣬱ư͵ˡ
ʮƷԪûгֵ˼Ҳ֪þգûٶʲô˱
̶һʱ䣬ʮƷֻʣһҲǲƵģû֪ʲôͼ
һͼ׼۲ߣֻǧʯʶ㲻֪٣ҲԸһԡ۸²Ľеǧʯʱ򣬺˺һʯ
һмۣʱ˲˵ȤҲ˵Ȥǰм۵ЩӼһͣڵ˼мۡܿ㵽һǧʯļλ
ʱ˺һǧʯ
һۣ𵤵Ҳ׷֣ͣһЦⶫлҲֲóˣҪɲô򵥵ģ
⻰ں󷽵һ¶һ˿ЦݣһǧʯĽмۡ⽣ͼļֵ˲֪ȴʮĲ˵ϵĽֵôʯˡ
һǧʯļλϣһšҪ׳ɹʱһԴɢҳʯ
⻰ٳһǷȥǰ˴ʯ򡮶쵤ˡ΢ŲͼлˣʱϢ˼ΪǿԸ⻨ѴʯЩ쵤һö㹻ĵҩ˵ǿʲôų֣˵ʯû
ּȻߴˣұѵһ໨ЩʯˣԪЦ
ԭǰһмһһʱ鿴Ԫ˵˼һĻû뵽Ԫ̾ͽи߼ۣѹһ
һԼӵ£ʱһֱĿСȴǵʵֲˣϽмۣƷʯһƲô
ԪǺЦҲ޷ֻҪ໨ЩʯֳˣٽмۣҲʯ͵һƲ֣ȥǡ


һ 
ԣͷжʯҲһȡǧʯöȣҪԼҲãʯĲãñӰ㻨ˣ
Ȼ뷨鲢¶һ֪ϧıȰ˵䱻Ԫһ䡮޷֮󣬱ٲ˵ʲô
˵һԷۣȻû뵽ĿԼȴҲ˿塣УǿпޣΨŽͼ־ڱصáһԼʯĿڵʯ
ͻȻӼһһֱʣ˳ԾȻǿͲö֪һҲں
ʯɲǸСĿתͷԪҪĵߡ
Ԫ˼ĵ˵ͷ֣˵˿õóʯô
ԣһʹõһԼصװ磬Լ޵ձҡҡͷºǰ鵤ҲֻöɼʯҲ׽ġ
ԪȻĵ˵ͷһЦ˿˰˳ˡҲ֪ʯʱòǸʲôӣֿҪһ
Ԫ˼ͷ˵ȺϷȻҪһģ
һЦûнм۵˼ǿͼʯļ۸ֱиһ
̨֮貨ŮӽͬʱȡʯһýߵĲͼϲޱֻǵݹȥһŮӵ˴һ֮̽󣬵˵ͷ㽫ͼһ
õͼһ֪ﲻоĵطķͷѾˣҺЩ𵤵ӣкöҲֵϣʶй鲻ԸСѾͷ㳯᳡ߡ
һȻʯףɫЩѿƵĵҵǰһˣҵѾͷһȻǿŮ˲ܸʯġ
ԪԣҲȥһ˿ȥʱע⵽СѾͷʱͬϡ䱦һ㣬ͫ΢գǹһ˿ЦҲ֪ڴʲôע⡣
˵һСѾͷ᳡ҪСѾͷֱ𣬺øϽصԼĵһ½顣
СѾͷòøˣһߣҪΥһԼ㶨µĹأĵĸһȥͨ¥һˡ
һСѾͷ޷ȴҲĸߣڶ෽޼ֻǣǰһһŮ˹һŮӣһ֪ԼˣΪŮˣΨһܿСѾͷĻӢӣĶŵϢװģĲͬһĸоǽʮϷһ㣬һϢ档
ûӢǰСѾͷǱβһ㣬϶㵽һȥһ˶ǰҰСѾͷæǰһʦ㣬ʦ֡
軨˵ͷ΢΢һЦԭʦܣȻڵľӢӣ֣һ£Ҷŵӣһʦֱˡ
££һӢĽ֮ûλǰ˱£뻨ӢͬߣɼȻˡ
ȻûʲôرĵطһʱõдաĪƹ£һ֪˲ò࣬æһԭĽ֮һʦ֣ʦִڵü¡
ԣƲֻǵȻһЦʦܹˣɵ˾ͽʦֺʦұ˵ˡʦֱĺħĵӲǺأ
ʱСѾͷһһЦʦֿˣԸħҲ˵ģ
⻰ЦŵͷʦҲŮкܣ½ɾԶʦֵ˰ɣ
ȻСѾͷȴҲԺͼٻµĿޣȻ֪пȴҲʮֵ⡣ڻӢӵġ֮£СѾͷΥ棬ֻùԹԵԣһ״ǵڳ˿Цѡ
ЦЦһ׼ȥ軨ҲûгСѾͷԹĿ֮УһһЦ𽣹⳯ͨ¥ȥ
˿һȥȿڵλʦȷʵȻֻڵΪй¶ļϢӦʮᣬͱΪʵټҰ˵һʵ±Ϊӿɿ˵һͬ£ǰʮɣ
軨ͬеĵ˵ͷʦȷʵһܳļˣֻǿϧûܽʦ貨š
ԣǺһЦʦ貨ŲҲкЩܳӣұĲ˵ǻлʦŵģҶţûָˡ
軨⻰˼˿һԵСѾͷֻҡҡͷ
СѾͷö֮Ŷ˶һۣһ˫תҲ֪Щʲô⡣


һ ͼ֮
һȻŽյ飬˿Ҳб䣬ԦٶȻصͨ¥֮Ϸţúø󷨣ʵʵģСҲһŰ
֮С׿ǾһλǰΪֶΡἰ£С׾Ȼһ֪һͨ޽ƸӦСײûѣҲֻ˵λǰͷСף֪涯ֽš
ѰʿҲͰˣС׿ýᵤȻҲʩչֶĨȥ䡣뵽˴һľλǰûжʲô˼ͨʩչԼϣ˵˻Ǯ
һѯʣС׾ЩĪԭһɲҸϾλǰĨȥС׼ǲ֪Լ죬֪ˣһĨȥľԼˡ
Ҹɣ˹ȥ֮СȻɣȴҲһ޷ֻƵ˯ȥˡ
һ֮Уķֶã̫ƪ䡯ȵܹƽֶȫʩչ㻨һʱų׵侲
ǰһǰ͸ΪͷĺɫһµĵֵĽͼƬվȿö
ɫƽƽʿ֮ʹõûʲôһȴΪһͨ򡣱Ͼǰϵһëȱ֣ͳĶȻõġ
üģͷһ̽Сһͼһͷ֮Уһͼ󣬵֮䣬Ҫ̽ʲôλǸλ˲ĳԺ֮С
һͼͷӿͷ
һͼһ˸㣬ÿһƬطǰԼ㣬Сһ鶼ǧ﷽Բһ˿طסԺ֮еĵͼȽϣյóһ⸱ͼûһϵҲ˵ȥһط
Ϊǰ⸱ͼҵʲô˼أѵѰɣŵͼû˿ǣһ˵һֶûУбҲѰõ
һȻλǰԼ˼֮ʵõķʽԴǷһߣȥ
˵ʱûãǽͼƬ̾ͻָо񡣱ϾǰŽͼϲ֮ʱֵĽԾޱȣ»һŽͼϣܹһЩϲԼ
лλͼ˵ͬʱһϴεľ飬ֱӽͼ֮СȻ˽Ĵ̼ͼϽԳͬҲһͼϣɨİһн־両ֳ
ü˽ͼæ֮ǰ϶ΪһĲƬȡעһϣٴκ£ΪһŸĲͼ
ͬʱͼϵʫҲһ䣬ǣԿϺӧ⹳˪ѩհ
ŲͼӵһʫԣǺüʽ׵ĽС⽣У̲סֱ̧Ȼ
ŽͼϽ⣬һֻԼƺڽǰһСȻûп롮޽򽣡ȴҲһ
ã̫ˣ˵öʯʮʯҲֵˣ
һϲʱⲹŵĽͼϺһһһУԺӡ֮ϣƺʲôںһ㡣ûعͼһȻһֱֱĳüȥ
һȱǽס赲ҺһС׼̳֣ȹϻһʹ⵲ڽͼ֮ǰ
һγˣͼȻͻأĴ˲ʹأֱֱһüĶȥ
һعŷԼûһ˺ۡæͷ̽Ժ֮УȻ⽣ͼȻҪչʱ̨ȴǲӦˡһɫֱӽͼˡ
ͼ϶ʲôǵˣӭϣðŷĺ̨ɹȥҪӴ̨Եʱһ֮ȻֱӽͼɣȴصıҶˡ
ԼԺ֮һսһļ٣ɲԼյõı١̨֮ҶȻȹȴҲǸڷܿƵס͵֮Щסˡ
żҪµʱ򣬱ƽĵﾹȻҲ̻˵ǽȻǱʲôŭһ㡣
һͷһ𽣻ǽͼĹϵһƣæת˳Ժ֮Сһ̻Ժʱ赲ס֮ƶע뽣ͼ֮С
˽֮ͼͬһ㳤Ҳ̨ʲôֱ뽣֮Уһʱ֮䣬ˮ齻


һ ͼ
ӪжɹһæŽͼԺͼһ·˳֮У㰲
ʱһ鷳ǰԭҪͼȡⶫȴԣڽ֮вϳˡ
뵽ԼڶôֵֹĶҪһŽͼһȻͷˬק֮ܽȡҲֻεĽˡ
ʯһȴҲľͷһأǰֻ⽣ͼؽĶŲͼϲȻֳһ˿˵⽣ͼ֮ʱӦòֹؽ˵һ鱦鱦Ҳ˵ǷҲüֳ֮Ҿͽ֮һ˵أ
뵽Ǽ̻ܵѡ⽣ͼڽйأǰܻһȻѡ˽
Ȼһ߶׵Ľ뽣ͼ֮С˴μ򵥵Ĺעͬһ˿ͷӡҲŽ뽣ͼ֮СһνƯڽͼ֮УÿһչŲͬϢͲͬһĽʮƵĻʮȻΪͼ𻵵ġ
ʮƣպһһʫʮһ֣о;ƷԲǳʮһ֣ǾǳԽƷĴڣִڣ鱦أ
ûеͼȫƴȫʱûд𰸵ġһ֪ԼҪȽʮʹһΪԼĶ
ʿûԪǲģѪֶΡһͬһǽ̻ǳĶ⽣ͼȻԽΪƣǾ뽣ϡ
Ȼֻ˼ʱ䣬ͼÿһýƶһ˿ӡȻתʹýͼĹܣȴҲʵʵˣٲױ˶ȥˡ
һʹ깤£Ϊ˷ֹҲ˽ͼƾ轣ͼ֮ϵ׽Լһݶȥֻ˺üչ򣬽ЩƽҲһ
һһ˰ʱ⡣֮һȻоΪƣȴϲķ֣ԼǽȻǿһ֣ǽͼȾӽ֮УȻתÿһȦ㾫һ㣬ͬһʱʹĥ
һһʱϲʱʱ̿ԶֻԪӤ֮ϵĸֲܰ쵽ԼʹﵽˡȻЧҲȻԪӤ֡롮ͨһܹʡʱ
ʱⶼͼֵġ鵤ûüãһ֮ȻԸоȴֻбЧҡ㽫ڶöȥֻͬ˷õڶöҵЧʮö鵤֣ҲԼģֱöûЧͣ
鵤˼ʱ⣬оڽΪ̣ﵽνĴԲȴǲ˲٣Բһӣ֪չȥҲãٴƹض
һƹضһյüѶֱͥġǶ˵õ쵤֮󣬱׼һɽ𵤣ʱѾ˳׼ר׼ȥᵤȥˡ
һСѾͷģѯΪʲôûȥ׻ᡣһǰٷãʲôҪҪ
ЩѶһֱǰȥסǡ󷨡Ե˰ʱ֮ٲϣһ
پ㣬һԵõϴ᳡ȫһҲɵôȤ磬ӢڣʦֿɵСİ
ٹһЦҡҡͷʦ˵ЦˣЩʱΪ˵µʦʦҿǽʾ֭ò׿оһ󷨣æ͵а
Ǻǣһɾ͹ֲʦʦˣ˭˵ĵ˱ʦţҲвأ
˹ϵͿԵֿЦĵزԷǵΪȻĵͷǰǰҿǷ̫࣬ɵ໥һһɣʦܣҽǰȴһҪ˵˵
һԼ̽󷨣ȴòǣԵʦֵ˵޷
ٻ֮ʮӽƷɳ䣬Ȼȥòɣתͷ¹ش˴α漰һЩлܣʶҪС£
һԣ΢ɻʦ˵Ŀǰǽ񡣡
ٵ˵ͷһصɲѣ


һ 񱳺
ţѵлʲô飿һæʵ
˴ɲڣһԪڣҶţ貨ţħҲҪμӣȻҵɵħǺϵǾˣ
һԻȻͻأոս˵֮񣬴֮䶨ȻЩǡ
Щٶһ޲ѣʦܾһ뵽Ѿʮ˵ˡ˼漰ܣǳһ֪Ҳǽ֮󣬲Ŵʦ֪ȻԬʦħ˵𣬵ʵȴ˲١
ԭԴ֮ħű㶢һ֮ءսħֻսı⣬ħڻħţ׷׳ֲ֡
ֵ߲ķʽͬħڸӽѡǴɢ޺м͸ͨʮľӪһؽɢޣм嶼ħڵӡǣһʱһҸ塯һؽȻˡħ
ħڣħŸӼֱѡʵСŽСħԸΪħŵΧֱΪħŵӣǲԸģĽ֮ħŵ֮
һֻҪʮĲãմСţȻһϲΪһħſƵĿţŵƿһؽ磬ʹ֮ΪħŵĺԺ
һУ˳ħŵ˼ȥ˵ħһҪɹƫƫɵǣԬɵĳ֣ħŵΪǵĿꡣʶɱڡ
ֻ벻ǣԬ֮ʹŭֱɳ˾ͽΪ׵̽СӡľӪֻҪС£߰˳ɵĿ̽Сӡ
һɺϵ£ȻһͼͬʱˡôһͻƿڡһսһڴϢȥĴŻ
һԼ֡ɺϣͷһת³˴š
ħȻסʩչֶε̽СӣȴסͬħŵħڡͶ̩ҵĺٻȻ֪£ҪˮǽһǽһŻѳơħڵĲá˺顣
һҲΪԼ֪ˡһЦȻвٶ
Ȼһݣ֪ľһԭĴħǰ֮󣬲ͨӿǰ㣬ֻµʵϣħĸ߲㣬ԪӤڻǺڣ˲֪жٳ
˵ɵɱħŸ࣬ħŹٳ֮ɸȴǱҪԶһЩɵһȻһ飬ȴϾͬһţһԪںǵʿɣҶҺȻ֮貨ŸŮӵңЩĦħȻѵõͬʶսȴǸʤ
˴սȥ֪ʲôʱһͷǰãһԪںͬʱˣձżŸ߲㿪һħҲμӽݣ֮£֪ڻ֮󲻾˫ͬʱͣħս
ֻͣսͣսһ﷽Բĵؽ磬ħԸá߲֮²Ҳ˵ĽһؽĹ
˴һȻͷԭˣ˼侹Ȼôչգǲ֪飬Դ벻
ҲΪȻĵ˵ͷʵЩǾ֪Ҳû̫壬˵ֻͷиװˣҪǣݺΣգԼô
ô֣һʱ£ѵ˷Ľ⣬бĺôɣ
ٺǺһЦͷȻСҪһ˻ãȴҲѡʵμˣ˵֪ˣǳĺôΪϲӲȥġ
֪ˣѵк֪ܶʲô鲻ɣ
Գһ˿֮ɫʦܲΪЩֻҲ֪ɡ֪ǴΪ³ϵʦе֪ģж³ϡµж٣½𵤵棬ûм֪Щ顣ôǺǣ֪Ŀ¾Ͳˣ
һ䣬һ¶һЦݣԭˣǾͶлʦֵĸ
ٿЦҡҡͷʦҲҪ̫ģ˵֪˲࣬ʵӦôпΪ֪µĵӣҲûһ򵥵ġʱӿֳʲôʮܡҲ֪˰ɣǶǱڵӵܣǰ棬ٶһ³ϣģн³ϣĳһЩӵܣȻвٲݰ֮Ҳн֮ܳװݵķʦҶϣҪСһǡʦ£ǽоݣ˼ܵϣҲ⡣һһ㽫ܸ㣬ȥδӣԼϱˡ
һԣҲ˵ʲôͷһл˵ϸ


һ ʼ
һգֱħ֮սһ£ͬҲǴʼһաͨ¥ΧʮСĴֻÿһҴ϶һ³ϣеĴ³ϡͬʱͨ¥ļװ֮ϣվǧӡ
ڶ۷׷ףʲôʱһͨ쳹صĽ¥ֱͬʱһӰڽ֮ССй¶һƱ㽫ڳеӶѹסǼʮ³϶ѹһͷ
ˣ
ˣ
ݼˣ
ݼˣ
ڵͬʱ°ݣ˽һȻеӶסܰ£۵ϳɵǱǴڳǱڵĳ۲䣬ȡʤ
ĵӶ֪ϸ֪˴񲢲һһŵ飬ţħ֮ľɵħĲ˵϶ȥڵ䣬ǱʤΪΪܵ뷨Ȼħκˡ
һ仰Ȼ򵥵ȴ˲֪Ľ⡣˶Уǧپ伤ǿ󣬶ʱڳͷȼȵĻʤ֮
һ£еӷ׷ԼĴֻн𵤵ռʮռ˶ʮʮͨ¥ͬһ򣬷ǳ˷ɢȥ
ŽԶȥ¥üͷһοǴô
䣬һӰ仯һ뷢԰׵߳ԱߣȻǾŹɽһˡ
ɫȻƺبŲɽʯ΢΢ͷһԪڵϵ㣬ҵľŹ㷨÷㷨óĽһҰһԪڵĵ伮ÿʮһδ٣һδҲʮˣҲ˰ɣ
üͷ΢壬ʦ֮кζɹ֮ô
ҡҡͷʮһ٣ɱֻܲӲϹ֮󣬶ٸʮ꣬ǿɶҷҪҳȫ֮ܣǾ°ɣ
һҵɣΪû뵽ȻҪǧأҪүһģ˵꣬һת㻯ͨ¥֮ȥˡ
˼״ҡҡͷҲ˵ʲôʧԭء
ȴ˵ЩСͨ¥˷ȥһҴϣһԼľ֮Уȴû˼ʲô
Ա߻Сףһ̲סСף˵صײĴӪԵµģ
СԣתϾȻһ˿ҡҡͷҲԵصףҲ֪Լֻʶʱڵϣұ֪ԼһĶ֪ˣ
СһͷȴҲûȥæ˵ֺöҲ֪Щʲôܹõģ¶Ϊɣ˵ܹ鱦ܹȡǾͷˣ
С׺εȴȻһ¼䣬ͷһůȴɵֻһȻٺö鱦һĶͱ˻ȡˣﻹֵõܹȡһЩΪĶ͵ְɣ
һС׺תǺһЦܹΪҲǺõģܹմԲԳԽᵤᵤ֮󣬲Σ
һԿŵС⻰תͷȥȴǷһϾȻЩѳζһʱ֮ӶЩˡ
ףСôһСסԵʵ
С׺ѣϳԼڿͷԣԣһǱ޽ƸԻˣԲǱıġһһԲûдﵽᵤ̫øԶˣ
С׵ĽѵһڨڨһЦֻܵͷܽˡ
֮һҲֻûʱ䣬һֵĳڻ˼ϡ
˴գװϣѾˣװϱʮӣǴ˴һһͬˡ
ʱһСԺһƬҲɹŻѪɫڹҲ׷׽٣ͣڿУǳһԪ֮ŵˡ
ڸԳǰĴ֮£˳Զһһ﷽ԲĴӷȥڴӱԵħңңš
һħӪɵȺαļһ˭˵˵֮δá
ߣѪϹѵһƽôһλ³ԽڶһֱһΪͽĺϡ


 
úϳ棬Ҳɳһͷ˫ѪͷħһĴӳϣѪħ
¸¸£Ϲû뵽Ȼӣã̫ˣϴһսûиôսһʶʶĳҵħǿ
Ҳǻ𱬣һȵʹϷѵ㲻ɣ˵űҪͦ
ʱħһɵһֱ⻪ɵⷽһ˺һħһһźһ׳ӡ
貨ŵԪӤ֣ˣһ˫ĿۿǲѪħһۣæȰϵʦ֣յµΪأħ´лᣬٺúýѵ١
ҶԪӤ֣Ҳͷ˵ĲɱħͷʱԣҲؼһʱ
ȻöȰ˵˵ͷѪħһ𳤽
ħһѪħħţǺеĸħڣˣ׳սħţߡ
ֻߺöޱȣϱȰأͷΪЦջǣʲô˲˵ʲôϻĳ⺫ϵһҲð
⻰˺ɫÿ˶ԪӤ֣㱻սֻۿߣһԷ֣ҪʩչֶΡʱǺ֮д˸ɬ
һߣǲѪħ˵ͷ¸һЦ˻ȥм죬ȻʮֲˬȴҲԼһӪɻء
ֹסħͷ֮ҲûĴ㣬Ȼ任һ͵ģŮλѣȻɵħŵĵӶˣҲ˷ʱ䣬Կʼ˰ɣ
ڳħӣħһȻΪ𣬶ɵһԺʵǿʶۻ˻򺫳ϡ
ϳ˵˵ͷڵȻˣǾͺ򿪴Ӷܽȥɣ
ֱСӵãһְɣ
λħԪӤĺһĸַ֮ϣͬʱʩչֶΣһӶ¶
󣡡˽󷨵ĵӷ׷׾
һȻԹۣͷҲΪ𺳣ΪҪϲܹãҽܹû˵ҪЩռ˽ռڵλãӵȵȡʹõĴٶҪԪӤһĸֲܲó
ǰ󣬾䴫;벢ԶǣҲ˵͵Ĺģ൱ԹһԴ˲⡣
ôúãλֱַɵĵӷ׷׷ϡ˵룬ù⻪ת˶ʧ֮ϡ
ڴ͹ȥˣ̾һΪԪӤ˵ͷ΢΢ɼִ֧ж
սħŵߣЦŵϵ˵㽣˵ãĳûԹǰЩ׸ڣɶˣҴսһĽҵħǿ
ϵʵԱȻ˺ҪǿһûԳߵֻһһս޲ɣֻʮ֮󣬲֪˵Ƿܿ󣬽սħŵͻ
⻰߻ȻƲƲ죬ˣˣûһԺлᣬЩС棬һЩ鷳˵꣬Ҳһʯͷָ
ҲΪʮ֮ҲԵɣͬˮħλ־Ȼల£Եȥˡ
˵һվڴϣֻùӰתһǰȫǲͬɫȻ֪ǵصףдһƬȴһɽֻ֣ɽɸߵʯҲ֪ĹԴ˼յ졣
һܣǰһ̤ͬϴԼٶˣʱȴһˡ
󲢲Ƕ㴫ͣ˴һطˡҲǣôһ󷨣һԵˣǶ㴫ͣҪڸֲֳſأã⴫ϵһ˿ϢٴοɽϻȥҲʡҵطýԼλøȻſʼѰʲô
һҪΧʱһЦȴһݹᾣĿ˴ӳ˹
ϵϢ˵һħˡʩųƣһʿ
¸¸£û뵽һɵˣȻڣôᣬȻǵҩɴ߳ģã̫ˣȱһǺЩѪҵĿܣҲջСӣ㲻ҪԽǷԽʹ࣬ʹʹôүɱ㣬Ȼʲôʹ඼ûУǶð


һ 
ôһħʿɱһλ˿£һЦû뵽ûж֣յײҵĽÿҵĳǷǰ
ħŵӷ·ʲôЦһ㣬¸´Ц䵽ϣһһɵһϲ˵󻰣ϴһڵ˵Ҫɱң󻹲ҵĿ֮£ȵҩɴߵŧȻԽһ֪³ġ
һֻһЦǲǿҪԲ֪ˡô˼֮ûʲôޣɱҲηηβÿħŵӵ鱨Աһ£Ҳʲô
ߣÿСӣɱҵõϢܺãҵϢö棬б¾ãȡСɣ
û£ħŵ͵Ϯһȳ֡˫ǰһӣһöѪذ׳ڵգʮϰٵħħһĶΧѪɫذҲһǺ֮ȻһħѰʿҪסƬ̡˿֣ǲˣ˳ɶҪеġ
Ȼһ˫ҲԳһ˿ãħŵӸ¸һЦץסᣬ˫סذףڵһ㵯Ѫɫذֱֱһͷ­ĿľȻһնס
ʮɵľ˵Ҳת۾͵һ˫ۻãѪɫذѾٽֻ߲
ŵСӣʱȻû˿׼ҵĹ㲻˭
ڴʱһߴУһɾӭһ˫˲ָǹһ˿ݺݵЦݣ촽һҲȻ
ţܹƽҵħҲˣȥɣħŵȻ棬ٶԶһķӦٶȣβͣ͵ļ١
ɲ˵㣡˵䣬һڶǵˣԼӭħŵӺѪɫذ˹ȥ
ѵãҾͳȫɣħŵͷЦתѪɫذ׵ʱһݡذҪһ˲䣬һϲûɱˣеʵʵУֻǿտյ·ʲôûеǰﻹʲôˡ
ϰԵæתֵķһȻվһԵõ˿˵ӡ
ٶֲ̫ˣǵ⣬ĶȻԹٶȿ쵽ȳ̶ȣҲ̫ܰɣԾţʵ㵽ʲôˣȻܶùһ֡
һһЦ⻨Ȼݶ־һöûУˣҲ˵ʲôˣĺã˵ţһУӫӫҫƷԲ׽
Դ׽һų֮һǵһڶ֮ȡԣҲɱٴαó֮ǻһ㡣
㾹Ȼз㲻Ҫɱң鱨ҿԸħŵĲҿ԰ҵħŵˣϾзʿһֺܵüûзģһǰֵٶȣϷ֣ɱü⡣
öԷǰƺ󹧵ģһмһ鱨ϢֻҪ㹻ˣħŵӣԼɱҲУߣҵ˻Ͻô
Ļħŵæһһýưҿ԰Ұ
ˣһǷԼԼҰɣҼĵһˣøеˣ
еȻɱ⣬ħŵ֪ҲûãæȡУ׼ԴΪҪЮҪЮĻûг֣һŵ𡣶žડһһϣֱۡ
Ƭ̣ħŵӲŸоϱ۵ʹ࣬ҽиճʱͱˡΪͷ­Ҳ׷ɶ𣬹䵽ϡ
ת֮ɱһڵħŵӣһ۾Ҳգһ£㿪ʼϵĶħŵӵȫңöҲһȡˡ
һöĶڷŵ󣬳һͼ֮⣬Ƕڴ˴Ľܡ
ԭŽɵصΪһؽħҪõһؽڷչ׳󣬶ȻһɸõһԻһؽķȨ
ҪַʽһҵصӡǴУ֤ռһΪʤһֱǽԷӾնɱֻɵħӣǸòֵһĻȡ
ٸһģǹǵص͵ġص޵磬ûסҲԭȻҲҪһáʶ֮ܶණ챦ΪĲͬвͬ
֪һ֮һԼǼȻջż


 ׼ͼ
һöúöһ飬ͼһģҲͬС죬ΨһͬıһƣһӾħԪζ
һһƱ֪ʲôΪлõҲôһƣͬԪ
һûãֻ֮ͨͬƵĸӦԼλøӵͽƵˡȻƲǿƵģ֮ʱҪ
һ֮УһûпħŵеĽҲûпһ֮ԲΪܹ෴ͬʦֵһ𣬷ţЩֶζܾʩչ
һĿǣħŵȴǲͬҪ֪˼ǵص磬гŹĵططǲɱͬʲôģֻҪײºܹ鵽
ãЩħˣ䲻֪Ǳ˻ħӰ죬ɱ̣Ȼ֮ͬż棬໥ɱļʱ໥ļʸһЩ
һöһɵüͷһ壬˴ǵصһ㣬Ȼͬ磬˴γһҲȽټʦ˵˴ԽСȺԽǶࡣһޣиͷ·ǵý𵤸ֲСȻЩ޻˵ҵٶȣ츳ޣ׷ҡҪĿıҵڣ֮ǰõ֮ĺö
˵ϲɵ¶һ˿Ц˵ŵصĵͼͼȴʮִªǴűһµΣıʲôûˡû޵ķֲûʲôطջǣλöûбһ
ˣˣҺ׼һö̽롯ܹѰĵطȻǴ룬Ҳܱûеĺã
˵ţһ׼ӽӿռ֮ҳö̽롯ʱһ˿ӽӿռ֮доɹͷһ㽫̽롯Դͷץ˳УһöСָϸһͷһͷСһȴһöɫ
ɫһʲôæ֮üģֻͷ̽˽ȥֻ֮һʮֹĵͼûһĶ
Ҫͷصʱ򣬵ͼ뵽ԵȻҫ۵ĹһɫɫĹڵͼϣת֮鲼ͼ仯ֻͣõͼûʲô仯Ψһͬǣһٶöɫͳǧöɫ㡣
˱仯ĵͼæһ˿ξס˳ɫóзƬ֮ٴ˳ǹϲЦݡ
û뵽Ȼλǰҵԭǵصĵͼѹָ֪ĵطûһ񡣡
ԭһŽֵͼԱһշɷĵͼȻǺɫ֮Уͼһ֣ԼĪռһ˿ؽ֮е顣ɫĵͼԶԶɵͼƵþϸʮٱֻҪϸ̽ѰһСɽ£һƬСӶʾ˳
ȻһݵͼǵصĵͼɫͰɫĹ㵽ʲôأѵôԣɫͺɫԱʾĲͬɫһƬнٸڡ˵ֻһֿܣǱ޵ľۼˣɫޣǰɫ㣬Ӧþ˰ɣ
뵽һͷʮֻϲһ롣ҪԵĹڣоȷͼ֣һռŲ֪ٱˡ
Ȼ۹ۣʵʵһжд֤ɲԼĻϲĳŰɫȥȻһȺޣ㲻ɱҲġ
ã˷ԼλжϳԼǰĳһɫ·һĺɫ㡣ÿ֤Ƿȷ
Ϳʱ䣬һٲɫʾһٲ
СٲߣˮĻ֮⣬û춯Ҫֵʱ򣬺һƬˮٲµĺ洫
ֻһɳˮȥԼĪÿһͷߵȻЩ㶼մȾͨҰޡЩ޴ֻһĴڣмΪԼҪͻƶֻɶľǶޡ
һΪȺҲֻ٣ڵصҲǿģǿʾȺǿóۣһǰɫʾŷЩޣ˵ûʲôôɱķʱ䡣ʶҲᣬֱӳŰɫ㷽ȥ


 ǡı
ڳɫ·ͬʱһҲ;ĺɫ֤һ
һ·һ߸ɫǣȻÿһ㶼СȺĴڡĹһȺԳޣһȺռһƬɽ֣ﵽǧͷķ֮һǶޣеߣһͷһɸµľԳȻޡ
ֱȺһҲЩֲҺõǣһȺԳ޶ֻ½ŲһҲֻӶ¡ˣҲԸһȺ޹
һʱٶȥҲֻҪһʱǻȫɶݣʱܸϵԽɫԽࡢԽ˻ԳȺһһȺǿķޣʶٶȷǵûмӿ죬˲١
ʱǰһǣȲܸߡҲǴ˶ʶ뷨㳯Ⱥ˹ȥ
ڷɽҵʱһɱ֮ȺﴫɱһʱΪЩ޵˻𣬾ȻŭС
ɵӻħŵӣ
һԺ֮кð⡣ǵɵӣ¾ϣͬһ෴űûеƣսҲԶͬ٭ħŵҲͰˣǵͬΪıһɱֽɵӸѶԸǱҪͬУ֮˵Ҫһȥ
һɲʲôƺʩˣЩûϵͬΣ֮ʱȴϽԼøˡ
ˣǹȥС̤ѩ޺ۡҲ±֡
һֱ½⣬ϢŲα㳯޾ۼظȥ㹦ϵֳֻضǺʬ壬룬ӰʩŽͷһȺ޶һ
һæͨͨ򿪣һ۵ףһȺΧŵڶţһʹʩŷʩչĶֶΣźϿ˶Ҷŵӡ
˵˺֮ʮͷһȻЩƴƵķ񹥻ʵǹЧ̶ȣԶԶȲҶˡǽо֮㽫һͷͷܱ£ȴʮ⡣
ǲûΣգˣҲܹҵ˵˻ǰ棬ҪȽ˵
һһҪ뿪ʱҶ˵ͻȻУоȻᵽԼ֡
ţһΪԷԼæͣΣϢСͨͨ󣬹Ȼ˽ɱļʱ򣬾Ȼ
һӿڵʦ֣ϬãȻܹ̽ʮ֮һܹӦԶص磬˶ûз̽£ֱ
ʦֱΨһһʹҶŵӣٺЦϧǹУʦҪǳ֣ԸʲôһҲ䲻أ
һʦܾһʲôˣѵħŸֲɣ
ʦҡͷǶҲʦЭҵģұ˵һ˵ˡ˲ʲôħŵӣڵһӡ
ʦܳѾڵӣǲǸͬɵô
ʦЦɵǲɵ֮ҲоȲ˵ЩˣǸ߲γڱƴʦ˵һԪ͵ѾԶ֮ĵһ⣬ɣʱڰнϾһ񣬺γڽϾҶܹܺõ񣬱ѹһͷµʱҲأ
ʦЩɣһæʦľˣص飬ûֻܹ֪Ҫ˶˵ȥ㲻顣οҪԸһҲһҪǳ֣ޣһȺܹÿģΣɾͲܹܵˡ
λʦһ֮£ʦҲǣѰ̽ħŵӱΪǿҵһ֮ΰ취ȵȡͬʱ˼ѡõ޲һ֮󣬱ʲôϬ̽鵽һۼأ㳯ǷѰ˹ȥ
ڲԶһô棬һһı飬һû뵽ǡ˻⣬кġҲһƽϣȴɱãõúܣȡ˴˴һƽϲǡ
˵꣬һɫȡٴȷ֮󣬷˵ķȻֻȵͼϱƫһ㣬ٸһЩʱ䣬˵ҵڡ


 
øϬǷ̽˿ҵĸϿһǣ˵ţһҪȻͣ
һ˫һУǹһ˿ЦޣħŵӣһãõĺܣǻԸңãиڹǱ
һ䣬һݽɵͿշУȴǽٶߵ졣žȷͼָ;ֱƹЩ޾ۼ㡣Ⱥ޷Ĵڣû׷ģŹһԽҪ׷ޣҲһ¡
˰ʱʱ䣬ɫﴦ˴һŨ˵Ũ̶ȱɽв㣬˵ĸоһʮִģûо˿Ⱦģ·ɽϪˮһĸо
һҲѵ¶һ˿Цûˣɫľˡ
ȻųɾȷһҲ׼³ç£ϾڣǶʿǶԣء⿴ǸԽԽܼԽԽǿȺɼһߡҪ˵û޴ڣǾԲܵġ֮еޣӦʮǿŶԡ
Сף˴޴ڣһͨͨǿӦǲʶ÷㣬ʶС˳
Ҫ֪˼ǵص磬¡˵ֻǵһ㣬ʿ֮еǿ˵أܱ֣ܿøעɱһǳȺӵļޣǿޣԪӤֶҪͷ
ҲΪʲôֻӣطǲ𵤵ӵԭˡ˵˴һֵܵļޱСȴǲͬҪ֪壬˵ɵһϢܸʶϢӦֻᵱֳ֣̫ͬעġ
С״һз˳˿ͷһܹռһҲǼ򵥻ɫǱ֮УҲܾӦʲôӦЩϹѪΪƺֻ۷壬ս²Ľ𵤳ڲ١Ҫ֣
ͷнӽ𵤵սһϲϾ֮ǰսļħʿĺħͷնɱħʿӽʵ޸㲻谭һЦȻɫǲС׳ֻ֣ҪͿɣҪʩչֶνס˸Ӧ
С׼һҪԼ֣Ҳ˵ʲôʮֱָ㽫һطʩųתۼ䣬һԼϢԲʮڶС
һС֣ƾͱǰǿ˲٣ȻΪоȻûн𵤺ڣҲԶˡһл֮󣬱ֱӳȥɵֻһصʱ򣬹ȻͨһʮɷԲСһȪˮ峺Ȫˮ
һĸоǴǴһȪ֮Щνˮʵ붼ɢ֮У顣
ʱһԴдӳˮ֮дˮĴ𣬱һɫĳһĶϸȥһɳ̣߷ߣĹظ֮䳤צӥצһԱɰ󼸷ֵӶһ
СҲԸ棬޳һԭһ棬ȫԣ֮Ȼ廯ԣδᣬȴԶԶԣһԣѵ뱾ҫɣ

ǰԾȻԣС׵ĻＤŭôһΪޣȻΪѪԵɣԿǣʹǻ۱ԵҪһҲС׻֮е֮⡣ռһ˽İ޳֮£οϾʹ裬𣬱ҪС׺һ˹
ߣ
С׼״һЦһΪѪϹҲѷɫֺҲضֻ֣Ϣųλ޺ļ޵ѹǰѹ˹ȥ
ء
ԺеһѹǷڶȻڰգҲȻֹһ˫ӾֵѰǹѹԴȴǷ֣λ޵ѹȻǰССģûмģԼ
࣬ǿΣĸоȻǣֻҪδĥȥǣǻ۴󿪣ԱռλáʶԼСףȻ΢ɻȴѡűܣǰССĶܹ˺Լġæȥһ˫۾ĿСס
Сһֱ㽫ֹסһҲЩΣԳֶԸһǼһ°չصĳɹͷ֪С׵ѹɥ˵ʮֻʹóɡȻɺǿҪһãȴЩˡ


 챦
ˣҪʵһͷҲû̫ôҸȥɱһͷļޣһħڵħͷɱһźá֮ӡһ֮еĺö
һţǰԾ޴ͷ­ƽ룬ںȵк֮£ֻΪ˳ıϣұһ·
ȻСС״ƵһҲЩηηβһɽȴоС׵ĲͬһȻҪıԼʱŭצҪ˹
һҲûܹѪеȡðԹ治ʶôҲȰ˵ʲôһЦȻǾͲҪˣ
˻һý֮д׽Уʱ⣬⣬⽻֯һƬ׽һʵʵڵĵ֮

ԸӦһɱ⣬ʱصҰԱſѪڣĺ
ߣͷҲ񣬿
һֵ̧һһ˲乹ɣ֮ƾս£û볤֮бעĽںоļȻ֮ǿȺͳ־öǰһٶȺͳɹʶԶԶԭǸʵЧ
׽֮еһһЦһֱǴĿıսپֻһ⳯Եȥ
ȴ˵ǰԷ񣬵СǰƺЩɵֻǼĽ⣬ŸоЩˡҪŤתצץ򽣹⣬ӴȴǸϲһĽ١
ҲѪǿޣսҲʮǿƲ̹ȫһţһ㳯⼤˳ȥ
⺮ǰƴټ죬֮˲ˮһ˻ı˹ȥ
С㣡֮дһмٲƿֱֱ֮ײ˹ȥ
ڽײһǰһ̣һ̶ӽ֮дײһ˲䣬ûը죬ûкֻ׷ɵıмһͽȴʧԭء
ΪԼѾսԼϵ˸ɱϲġСԭزһмĿǰԡ
ϡ
ڰԻڵʱһͻȻ𣬱Եһ͵ըһ⳯˶ͷ­ȥ
ʱ˿̣Եͷ­ֻɲȾڼٽԣգ۵ʱ䶼òǰֻĿŽ⳯ԼʲôҲˡ
ֻáһƺʲôƣǡˡˮ֮Ȼʲôˮȥˣһж
һͣס⣬ͷǰԿȥֻǰѪڵͷ­֪ȥˮϸһĵǰԵͷ­ʲôԭһһɱһͷʵǿޡ
ĳɼһֻʮǿ죬ͬʱʧȥͷ­İʬҲѵһˮС
ͷԵȻѰļ޻Ҫǿһݣǻһͼķɽ˵նɱǳҪ۶Ͼͺˡ
һһҪǾ޴İʬ壬ϾǼԵޣ굽޲ϣǱһ߰ǧʯʯпܵġ
ڴʱһ΢֮ӳȪ֮д¡һһöȭͷСˮɫȪ֮˳Ưˮһ߸ߵĵط
ʲô
һɻʱһɫӰӸˮİͷ­֮ƮɫӰצѾǰ˵ǰԵꡣ
һҪʩչħӡȴ˱һꡮಡһ±Ǳ֮С
ȡ˰֮öƺ㣬⻪һˮ֮ǰѪҺҲһԶУˮָֻ
һΪ˵ʱ򣬰Ǿ޴ͷ­ȻҲ˵˹ǱǱ˹ȥ
һǵûֹĿƺҪⱦǷ̵ѪҺһ㣬޴Ҳˡ
ȻǾ޴ͷ­˲䣬ҫõ⣬ֱ糤ˮһ㣬ӲĽǾ޴ͷ­קС֮ӴİԾȻһ㶫û뱦֮ȥˡ
ڴʱСԭˣҵСˣ


 ܱ
һæתͷȥҪ֪Сദڣ֮УЩԽܳԪӤڵĳмһˣû뵽ȴһͷۡ
С׼һĿ⣬֪ʲôһǰҲˣһͷǰӵİԣǼѪڵҡļޡ
һһ㶣ŵļޣôأϢʲôĶ˵ļôֵסһ
СҡҡͷָԶöڹâıļֻڵ壬ŽΪ䡣ⶫڵҲ顣
һһǱ飬Щţⶫ飬ô˻Ὣڵ壬ԼΪأѵ˲ɣ
СǶһĻЩһͷǷˣ̫ˡͷǺһԻԡֻѪ֮Ѫ̫½ļǧѡǻҪѪ
⻰һæѵáɵһ
СһԼ⺮ԱȽϣ֮ԱһһҪȻɫȽϣǲɵҲܹ޳ǷˣûĻﵽ߼ޣΪˡ
һ֪һɣæ⺮ԼûɵδѪأѵѵ
С׼⣬ϲҲ֣˵ͷͷȻǲߣ֮еҰĿɲСȻڽ֮һѪԽȡΪʱǾʹȥǰţ˵ð֮һٳɹ弶ޡ񡭡
ȻĻû˵һ֪Լĳ֣ͷĴƻǵƻʧܣԼϡ
һ㣬һûаε˼ı졯Ҳ˵ͷ޲ʶʱ񣬷ҪԼҲ͹˸ˡ
ʲôæʵͷԵ֮Уıﲻͱô
СײΪȻ˵˭˵֮ıɵˣѵͲôö鿴ҲаĻˣںɵԡ꣬˵öǼұǼмֵ
мֵѵڵвͬô
Ȼвͬһö֮ڼϰļͳ˷һĶֻҪȡһӦþܹʹ˰ɣЧΣǾҪ֮Ľˣ
һԴϲС׳һл󣬷ųһֱӽе˲䣬һƢĸоӿͷһͷзպ궯
ûмоЧרƵĺʲôǿ˲֪٣һϼѵĺñСףһҾͽ֮˵䣬ץȪ֮ϡ
ֽ̧Уһ˫ʽһÿһĶһɹŨֱע뱦֮С̳ʱģ֮̌ͣһУٶУʱⱦѾˡ
ȻͬԴʡʱʡãȻˣҪⱦʲôôЧ
˵䣬һע뱦֮Сù⻪һһӰһˮУûǰնɱͷԣʱĺͷ­ѾӺãûһ˵
ܱ飡һ֪ԼӵеʲôˣƵ׷ɱԼɽ󱻡ϡָƻˡԼҲӵһöȻġܱ顯ͷԵԱ𵱳ɽ̸ǿ˲١
ȻҲǲ²⡣Ϊ֤ʵһöܱ飬һͨԺ´һϵȻǺһһִУж֮ʮûпĺһ㡣
Сţ֮һԾķ֣ͷܾȻǰԼնɱ֮ʱǿʮ౶ֹ뵽ǰС˵ҲȻˡ
ԭǽ֮öܱ顯³Ϊ˺Եڵʶǵָļ޵ˮ׼ΪѪԵɣʵȽڡ
֮⣬ܱͨ顯Ҫߵжһö˼ʶҲӵмԣֱͨڲṩֻҪһγޣ֮еһʱ֮ͻָ
ңһҲһдЧʯ֮еá


 һϷ
öƷʮֲġܱ顯һͷϲǲΰˡϲǻһͷսȽڵĿΪսǵȴû֮лÿΪı
Ҫһ¡ܱ顯޵ʱС׷𣬵˵ˣϢӦþǰˣ
һҲԾֻһЦȻзһǱ˿˲١ǻҵľأ
СһԴ̵Ц˵ħ²񷨣أɵʵҲ̫࣬Թ棬ССһìܣҪƹƹȥ
һһЦСʹˣ˵ħ֣֮ȴ˵ɾǾԵƣħǾԵĶ񣬲Ǵ׷ķʽͬˡɵΪģħȴ䱾ûв𣬶֮Ϊ֮Ϊֻħӱʵ޼ɵûԼ˺޹ʶħűаħɵ֮УȴҲ˵ңҾ͸Ľ״˳ܲҵıģҵıı˲Ҳˣң͹ֲҲˡ
һֵһ˿ɱСҲ޻˵Ͼ˵ĵ·ǸѡһվԼһƵˣ̤еĴҲߵ̫Զ
С׼ȲȰ裬ָָˮеĺԵҪһͣñ֣
һпȥʼļƲߣ˫΢Уǹһ˿ЦȻҪһͣһϷȱһǣأ
ȴ˵ҶʦֵϬָСʱһ徻ǰϬϣһҫ۵İ׹
̫ˣڷˣʦܣʦܣǰȥҪȣʦһȳǰȥλʦܼ״Ҳϲűȥ
˷˰㲻һˮˮһȪʣдϴˢһ㣬ޱ
˰ɣ
û뵽ص׾ȻôõȴЩɶռȥˣǿϧ
ִϬʦΪȣҪϻȻȻǿޣ׼նɱޣӡӡǣбҲһˣٶһҪ죬
λʦæǣ˰ƻΪǻˮط˹ȥֱǷɵˮرϣûԤ֮еǿޡ˳֮ʱϬϴѶ
ʦֳԾ˵Ȼ˳ֱɹϾҪˣλʦܣ׼ӡǣˣ
æ׼ӡǣҪȪ۴ȥʱһѪбֱӺӡ֮ϣӡֹ
¸¡ΪһλʦܾȻȣû뵽ȻȺˣߺߣȻҲҪ̲ǣħҲҪһأ˵䣬һѪ۵˴з˳
ʦЦߣ㲻һˣһɣȰȥص屾Ͳ࣬һǡ
˭֪Ѫ۵˷ǵˣЦЦЦǺЦһһΪҲ֪ɱħôǲ֪ǣλùʦ㽫źŴϵĺֹһˣһ˵ħеӶǿɾͲһʮ
ʦɫһ䣬֮ǰȷʵɱħŵӣǵȴͲ鿴ûпѪ۵ĵ˵ԼֱӷɹȻûԡͷɰ룬ѵħŻϵʽɡ
ʦ֣ô죡ʱǵСʦܿʵ
ʦԣһЦ˵Ǽ٣˺ɱ˵
ãɱ
ҶĬɱһϳս󣬾㳯Ѫ۵ɱ˹ȥ
Ѫ۵˱뽫ԷסȴԮҪɱҪжԼû뵽Ϊɵ˾ȻɱϣһԲϱ㳯ԼɱҲǵͷѪħŵӣ⹥ƣæħֵס˹ơ
˵ɱһˣһսǿ֮Ʋսָһߵʱ䣬Ѫ۵һѪ۶ãѪۣʮǱ¹һʱ̾Ҫնɱڽ¡
ʱһХ֮дڹ⣬򣬼ԶķСرϣϢħŵʲôˡ


 һ
Ԯ٣Ѫ۵æ󺰵λʦ־ɵҪɱ
ҶҲû뵽ħŵѸ٣Ѫ۵˵ĺʱһ˽һʦʹٶ죬ȷסѪ۵·ʦܺʦܶͬʱֶΣҫ۹âϣҪһնɱѪ۵˵
Ѫ۵˼Ʋкȣħŵȴ޶ԣ촽΢ڽʲôѪ۵˵ĴȴԹۣҲ֪ʲô⡣
ɣҲʦֱ㽫͵һˡѪ۵ɫʱɷףŭѣһжˡһһӶз˲һɺƺƵĹֱӺѪ۵ˡ
֮ʱѪ۵Ҳ˲æץסЩǷһھѪ³ҪһǶ֣ʩչƵ֮УһֶζûôѪ۵˱ڣ۳
ʱһ֮еһһףȻ޳˺Ȼ֮
˵ͬǴĥ޳ɽ𵤡ҶһԪڣں貨ȴвͬǽ֮֮Ȼ֮һͬĥϢںһ𣬻ΪһҲȻЧҲ˵ƳħϣȴԶͬ٭
ȻȻţҶŵ֮УʮҲһɵġһû뵽棬ɹ
һٺЦνȻҲǰ㡮Ȼ֮Ϊ֮аΪаȻңҲԳ֣аħҲԵɡ
˿öħŵӵöһѾãҲԹˣ˵ţһָϣ⻪˲䵭ȥ˿ƣ΢΢һЦԶŲȥ
ȴ˵ϣѪ۵˱˲䣬ħŵڶˡһÿ˶һҶŵӣ־ǺݶȻҪô˻ᣬҪ
ħӣˣʦһȣǰԵסѪ۵ˣȴҲСͷħŵӣʶһֱûʮ⣬λʦֵܵס
ǺЦɵαֻ׼ΧɱħŵӣͲ׼͵Ϯô
ħˣ˵ö֮ҵеǶ
ߣֵǲҪ˵Ҷŵʿ֮ɱɾֵܺô֮
ԣɱɱǣ
ħŵӣҶŵӣʱսһš˵Ҷ˿սţӲ٣ǰһսҲģڹħĹ֮£䲻˵᧿ΣȴҲ
һսǳ˼ۺ죬ڲ࣬˭Ҳû˿֣㶷ʱûзֳʤѪĶǲСֻһȼֲסһȡʤ
ڴʱһХ֮ƽˮ֮дһöӨͨһȪˮӿ˳ƯˮϣڱǷݣͲƱǩдϡˡ
ͷͬʱԺ֮СʲôʲôħаȵʵʺôҪ˾Ȼͬʱֱ֣ӳǱ˹ȥ
Ҷʦǽޣٶ첻ۼҪ֮ǰ顣Ǻħŵοϸݣɱ۵ǣͬʱųʦֺ󱳺ȥ
ʦֻϲԼٶȾҪñʱ򣬺ľע⡣ͷһħɱ˹ʱû⣬æ֮ĶۣӶ赲
˺޳֣Ҷŵӣʦܳһ⣬ʦܾȻ޶ԡٶȴһ˲ת˲֮䣬ʦǷ˺ƣ飬ħͬʱġλʦֱͬһ㣬׹ˮ֮С
ǰ֮ʣٲҳ嵽ǰ档ħ˽һ֮ͬʱʣɱ˹
ʱǰĬϵˣһۣȴ۵ĲΡʦܳɵʱʦһת㳯ȥʦܼҲҪȥȴһħ˵ĹѾʦܱ㸰ʦֵĺ󳾣ˮȥˡˣҶˣһӶݡ
ɱɵӣħŵҲЦЦ֮ȴŷϾħţ˭Ҳ֪ͱԼؿڵһԼһλʦֵܡ
һȽӡٷ䱦˷Ȫϣӡӡǵʱһâ֮ҫסǵӡֶΣȻʹӡǡ
˭ǰ棬ѵҶŵô
ɻʱһǶǵ֮ӱ֮дһͷɳڷɶſѪڣ㳯˹


 ֮
һϿһ֮쳹ϿȣСͷȫ׷һ⡣ͷʱų׵ǽȥﵽȴûһãýٶһء
֮һúһ֮㳯ڶȥ·˵أüһѲ¹ޣͷһʮͷޣһӥȴмܲס̶ʱ㱻ɱʮͷ
ʤַ̭һϧһȺ¹ޣֻǼͷˮ׼ޣġ˵׽ԷɽҲòˣֵ뷨Լʯ̫ԭ򣬱˼Ҫɱȡ꣬
һӥͷѾ۷壬ͷСģȻЩȴҲպÿĲΡͷӥ໥֮Ȼûʲôս·ȴģ˴֮໥չˣٶҲ죬һҪĳһͷֵʱͷƴȡһҲ֪Ϊʲôһֵӣʶһʱ䣬ûи
ʱһԶԼٷɹ֮дŨһ·Ʈѩ
˿һ㣬ƫУһĽ⡣ǵû˿һֱֻ̧㽫⵱ץסſһöĵתǿܱ顣ӥһڣĿҲǵȴջö顣
ñĵǼʱҿ㵽жս
һһע뱦֮Уһ˿ʶӱ֮ʩųԺ֮Сһμ䣬֮УħһҶᡣ
Ҷӣһӡħŵ׼ӡӡǵʱȴ͵Ϯһҧ㽫֫ҧϡ󱾾ͲǺԶֵħŵѵԵĴڣ䡣
һȻʯĳħŵӣԼҪԼˣҲûи֮ʣĵ˵ͷһ֣һɳ̵ɫ˳ڿУͷ޴ĺԡ͵һţһ߰㣬ͷƲʲôĶ˳
һüȴ̧һ֣ͺü
һһħŵʲôûʣ¡ˣһ˴ҲССջˡҶһңˣҲǸ˸ѵʣɵȥǣ
һ֪ԷԼûԳնɱҲǿͬɵӵķϡԷɥҲ٣նɱ˼
˿ǰĺԣͷΪ⣬Ҳ˵⺮ǿ˶սôһ֣ܶ಻鶼ԲԼ֡
С׳֣뷨ҲйܿͷˡϾС׿ǷͬѰʵǿԸ߰Ȼ޽ڣԻǺܸߣһЩԸ飬һҲǲǿȵġ

һӥХһ˼·ͷӥŴźԡǰܱǿʢƳ㽫һԱ׼ǵȴᡣͻȻ֣ǶһͷͻȻֵģɢǿƵ޸Ǽɵѡ
ӥշһֶ΢΢һЦû뵽żҲãǰһڳÿԼʶʶܺԵȥɣҽͷץֻҪۣ꣬
ԵǳҰһ㻶ϲһճһһӱϢӴɢһ﷽Բ¶ȶȻͣת˲֮䣬һƬƬѩɣԳӨ֮ɫ
һУһµķ棬ĵͷ޵üһѪǿʢ˵ⱾͨҲʮ𵤸ʩչǧͨҪǿһ֣治ֵܹڵɫ
һĻϲͬͷӥȴ֮׷װθΣҪڸߵĿȻǸоԵɱ֮ΪһưԹ˵ӥȻ˵ֿ˼ߴȥ໥֮ţζԸԡ
Ҫ֪֮ȼʮԣλ͸߽ܹͳκѹһƬͼޡѹҰԣͷλ͵ͽǲġ
ȷһնɱ֮󣬻йءѪϡĺԣһ֮λϢϡ¸߼޵ݣѹȻԽԴλ޵ϢһţͷӥȻ׳Ƴ¾ҵֿѸٷҲǿܵġ
ӥȻɵԼϿգŭһͬһ㣬Ͽ˹ȥ׶˲γɣǻǹֽ곯ͷӥȥ


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һƬǹֽ긲СͷӥٶҲܷɳȥֻ򣬽ԼĴ
ʱԵͺһצ֮һڷ֮ӳֵӴ֮ϡצһֱһپȻȵѰ
֮һһҡҡͷⲻƣǼԣƴӻ⺮ȻѪҲм֮ܣ൱ʿһ㣬һҲС
ȴ˵ͷӥԸǹѾæĲɿúԴǿʱŵвѡ

ΪһͷӥһӲüǹ˫һģһ绡˫ֱΧǵǹϣһͨ·ͷӥ״æɹ׷ͨȥ
ӥȴǵһοϷ׷ȥٶȻѷӥ֮Բһ֮캮ضʹûӳһﷶΧӥҲܵӰ졣
ֻıѩԿɼٶӥͳ֮ϣʹȶĶʱ򣬺ķԽԽ󣬶ӣٶȼ֮ԭΪȣҲ󽵵͡
ӥܵӰ죬ȴмˮĸо캮ᣬצһץ̤ͬƽأһݣȻǰô֡
˳֮£ͷӥӲԵıͨ룬϶ѻıѩԽԽٶҲԽԽۼźԵѪھҪҧǵβ͡

ͷӥǣҲһǽ̸֮ȫȻתǵӣ˹
ȻɿܣԭɫȻǸһΪļ޵ʵսȴǿһͿһһսǵģҲûôױɱ
ͷӥ˹ԿȻ壬һţһɱѩ˳վ׶裬־޴ı鳯ͷӥ˹ȥ
ͷӥֻ֪Ӿһֻ׼ƴԸһһ㣬ͷס˭֪ԸǻᣬһֱȺֶΣӥΧڱѩ֮Уǿҵı罫Ǵöᣬ޴ıϡ
ͷӥĥļ̣Ҳ±ңͷСӥҵҽвͣͷӥæչᣬͷСӥ֮£ķֵ˺Щ
ڴʱѩ֮УһѪͻأð˳һڱһͷӥҧ˹ȥ
ͷӥΪСӥֵѩû뵽ͻɱ֡ҵһæڳҪų׹⣬ﻹüѪϵļֱҧӥһᣬһڱ㽫ҧ飬Ҳ죬ȥ
ͷӥŭӣæڹҪƴʵ֤һսǾԵǿߣͷӥֻ¾Ʋһ㡣ǿǰ漣֣Ҳֻ衣
ͷӥȻϧͷų׵ѩȥΧӥצ๣Ǻ޲⣬ʳѪ
ָļʵĺԣһƬӲÿȵͼǿ׳ԶͬޡʣͷӥĹԶԺһ˺һѪ⣬ͷСӥƿƬԴķ
ΪܣԵʹмʧںӥ˺ҵǴһߣһͷӥ븹Сֻ˰㲻Ϊ˱ƴӥʧȥԺٶͺﻹӵ˺ԵĴڡ
ʤ֮󣬺Լ˻ҡͷβһһ㡣
һһЦüһͷӥ׾ͽˣɣ꽻ңЩƤ⣬ܹԼ˱ǡ
ͷһţ׹˳һ÷ħӡס֮󣬱
һţСԣںԵʵҲΪ⡣ֻΪ˵ڶҲ׼ֱӼ𽣹㳯ڶȥ
ͼ֮ϣ֮ƣֻǵڶȵһЩһѡһ
һ·ϣȺǶ޺һɣ̫١Щ󣬵û޵Ⱥһֱƹ޵Ⱥú֮סԼֽɱȡꡣ
㣬һٶҲǼ죬һ֮Χųһ˿ʶϢȻһһȪ۳ˮͬһ٣ľϢȻӦľԵ̬֡


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ν֮֮أ˵֮ɵΪԣγԵɵȵȵĲͬ
ıʽڵصףﵽһ̶ȸԻȪӣȵʽܹһĴڡ紫˵֮еǿ֮֮Ϊһһ֧
ر磬ɣ඼ҪռһܹάʵǿռҲдС֮֡صرһСҪĴڣȻرǳ޵ҫŴա»֮﹫ƽȴҪȵرࡣ
ص壬Ϊ̫ԭʼļȡǰ󡣹ʶöܹ֮ʵԻɸ̬ԸԳ纮ڵ㻯Ȫֳۣˮԣ¶ľϢӦ۳ľԵ
֮Уˮľɱ롣ˮľ౾ԪΪıԸǰһȪۣǺռݣ˵þһΪıΪʣ౦ĿԾСˣû뵽ȻһľϢռĶԲ˵кöܹһͻƾ磬Բ
һͷϲʶ̽һ֪ȻҲǰһ㣬ռˡִݾߣæջʶϢ㳯˹ȥ
ûԶһ̴һԵƮһüͷһ壬ֱ̧һն顣ʱһЦЦֵǣôϹˣץ˰˵ţһȻһΡ
ħŵӣһλ֪ԼħŵӵİϷԶԶɹɺΧ֮Ƶļݹ⣬ûоֻ֣Ц
һ֮ݹǰһźˣλһΧסии֮оȻŮһˣأкֻȻǷҲ
Ǻɫ˹һȺħŵӵͷ죬Цû뵽ŰձĸϹƲ߹ȻҲ㹻ˣʱʩչʬҲȺӳԲ˶ߣ
⻰֮˶ʱɫһ䣬һɵӵĴ磬Χ룬㵱Ǿǣѡ
Уһüͷ΢壬û𻰣һħŵӼһЦߣСԼѱܾǵʡʡɣʱ򻹻һЩ
⻰һ˵ƺҲһһôħŵӵĶ֡ɫʮѿҲٺֻʹҪѳ
ǰ˵ħŵӺٺһЦתͷΪ׵ʿʦֲħŵĽܳӣħʮ֮һΪǼƶԶˣ˺ʦڣħˣһȺֻ¾ġ
ԣҲͷһһĸǺʦƨ˵ǧƨǺʦɫҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ﵽͲ֪ˡ
ʱһħŵӿ˿Ůӣ촽һЦʦ֣֮УеʬֱըҲˣǽϧǾôʬҲ̫ϧ˵貨ŵŮӶˮֵֺֺǣҲǲа
⻰貨Ůɫɷףһһ޳ܡ⼸ħŵƺģһ仰ɫĴһ˫˫۾ɫԵĶŮӣƺʱҪŮǹһ㣬ŭ֮ǶиЦһ㣬ǵЦ
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úʦִӦǼʦڳƺãæתͷǿһСӣŸʲôܵͷĻԼַ˾ֵߣүʮ˰ֶοеܵģС壬Ҳܲ˼أ
⻰һҲᣬֻԼЩ˵֮еϢ֯ԭһȺ˶ħڵӣΪ˸νħʮ֮һкͨһ˻˴Ǯһ̽ķ֮ǰҵ
ڣȻػ뺮ػȪ۲ͬľȻһȺƺһȺ൱ѶԸħŵҲԸˡʶôһķ
һɵĵѭǰõķţ֮ʱͻϮ֣Էץץֶ֮ΣЩʱסɻܣעʬ͵Ⱥ֮УֱըΪ׵ļ죬һܹȡˡ


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ļƲߣһȻ֮ԱǣѾץɵӣһħȻײУȴҲЩ취ɵ֮УŮſ貨ŵӣʣһеӴͬҹһ㣬ȴԿȻ̫ͬɽһĵӡ
վǶ㲻
һͷ̾ԼΪ˲¶ܣǧټƱܿЩɵӣû뵽ʱ˵¾Ȼˣ£Լһֻ֮ܰ̾㲻㡣
ǿںʵħŵӼһȻԼٺЦСӣѵǱɵ˲ɣ
һԣһȻĿһۣʱͷڿôõǰʶûж˼
һ㶣ѵıɵˣɵȻûãҲ
ʱһһħŵӹһЦСӿɲɵˣǿ㣬أ
ǽħŵһڣʲô˵ңҿɵˣ϶Կ
϶ħŵӹһЦҽоҽУѵ㲻ɡСӣҪүװˣٲӦүҽ͸ÿġ
һԣЩħŵӶ㲻ʲô̧ͷҲϣֻǵͷŶԲߡ
϶ȻǸƢûнжһһ壬ŭѽѽһֱ̧ųһŨĺ֮УһͷͷڵĹħצ㳯һ˹
һֲ֪ˣһһҹ
һһ֮籡ֱֱħСֻһޱȵĲҽдӺ֮дƬ֮ǹħͬҽͬʱʧԭأƺһдûгֹһ㡣ʱ϶ħŵѽһһѪ˳Ȼǹħնˡ
ǰһĻ϶ֵһɱħƬ֮䣬˶ǰһ϶Ѫ
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ʱһֱԹ۵ļֹ́ͨ˵Ļɫ֣ȴûг֣ǰһʲôˣ
һ˺ðҲûеó̾˿ֻһһǺͨһЦɵӣħӣѵͻбô
ͨԣɫ΢䣬ܿЦ˵Ĳħɵ˭˵ħͲף֮УԴһˣȻ뿪˵أºصҵĶľţ˭Ҳ˭֪Σ
һԣֻЦͨһŵŶòץˣĿϷˣҿС䣬ôӣ
ͨһЦΣֻʵʵҾ͸ӣֻǲ֪ӦӦˣ
ʵӣһٺһЦͬĵ˵ͷȴ𻰡
ƶתһûдӦʲô֮е˻̫ɽһĵӣвѣλʦܣλʦ֣ʹӦɣڵϣݼӵܣǾһȥҿүү壬ʱôа
⻰ͬ貨ŮɫЩǼħŵӵǿЦһ㡣
һĿһۣҲ˵֮һЩţбݼңƺһʮִֻǴﵽʲô̶ȾͲ֪ˡһжһ˵û̫ϵĺһ˼֡
һȻмˣͬһ֮УҲüȣֻ˵ʵͬӣµӱҪһЩȽ˶ˣ̸ɣ
ʲôͨɫһ䣬ҡͷЦҲ̫˰ɣǺòץˣһӣŷһˣ㲻Ҫôߣҽ˷ˣǷڣɾǿƥУҺ¡ʯͷԼĽŵ飬ҿɲɣ
úͨͬ⣬һǲȴϣеʦְ㻹ʲôǱʲôҪӦɣұԺ·˳
ǰĻ仰͸¶ǣһֻһˣ貨ŮӶԲˡǵ貨Ůӿʱ϶ı֮ɫ
һüͷһ壬Ҳǲϣֻ˫۶źͨЦҸĻ㲻ϧǿɾ͹ֲˣ


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ͨԣɫȻ촽΢΢һڴŵ⻰ʲô˼
һҡҡͷҸĻᣬ㲻ҪҵԼĽţһУʯͷѾˣϾҪҵĽأ
ͨĻ˵ĸǲԣҲı֮ħŵ׼ʱһѪϢв״㵽ʲô˼
һһЦˣˣǲײǽģձ֪㵽ʲô飬ҵԼĽŰɣһ䣬һƴһϷųⲻһȻ⣬͸ѿų֮
֣ɱͨﻹ֪һ˼ȵͬʱԼҲһųһŴ˹ȥ
ħŵӣǰһ̿һһ̱㽫ֶʩųֶζȻ׼˹֣ȻҪɱһڵ¡
һվڵУǰҶǹȴҲŲңָһָλΪһǰһ̣һֱ䳤գһ̣ȴǾһգշÿ죬¾һ£ħŵӾ͵ǶԺһΡ
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죬̫ˣ
ԣȥˣ
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ħŵֱָһħŵӵıԭҲ֪ʱһȻһħŵħŵӵѵҲͷֱʩչֶΣһ߷һ߷ųһ׹ǿһħ˹ȥ
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һֳ׽һȴնħŵӣһеϸֻá˻һƿ貨Ůӱ˳
һһ籡Ůӽסһ̻Ůڣ˲㽫ħŵӴڵаڡ
һ⼫٣ΪһƽֵĺͨɫҲһ䣬æеãҪˣɱˣ
⻰֮ɫ䣬ϣɫһ㣬и߶߶ͣ˭Ͳ֪ˣһմ˺ˮӾ˲ᣬȽŲͣ£Ͳˡ
һһЦڣɱˣʮù⣡
һһ裬㻯ʮʵ⣬а˵赲ˣֱӸϣͬ˻һѣϺһ貨Ůͬʱ
һǽסͬʱҲͨǵľ˵ûʲôˣֻҪһʱָ̣ս
ת˲֮䣬׾ǰ˾ֶαǺͨҲһ԰οǣһֶεҲٶԶͬ٭ȴԵʮֳڣ˼˼
ͨħʮ֮һܿסţʩϴ϶Χɱˣģ壬ȥɱˣϣ
⻰һȺħͷֹһʣϯض׼ָɱ˹ȥ
ΧκԵֶΣһмһǵĹˣ
˵ţһĨһһĶУͷһףʱһ󷨳֣˲㽫θǣóġ󡯡
ħŵһ󷨵סֻϺ⡮󡯱ٽɽ֮ݣ˼֣Щ棬֮ͬУʹƲˡ
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˻һħͷæϻأһ㽫ʽֶηųͼһ룬ͬʱΪóһս󣬽Ϣ໥ǣںϣһֱӳڣԲﵽħʿˮ׼
ħɱȣͬʱ֣ʮħѪɫ߹ħĹһһɱ
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һ䣬һһӣʮýߣ˫ջ裬ʮ֮һһģһһ֮ơͬʱһӻεҲӭȥǡ
ںϣΪһӽϳһӴϡ޼᲻ݡﲻơϢһڡ
⵽ʲôֶΣоһϢͨɫһ䣬ÿһɶħԪɺһȻǳԽħԪԪĴڡ
һ̣ͷףԼǰһʯͷҪԼȥһʯͷܴ󣬺ܳ


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ͨʱ򣬲뵽ǰӦһ᲻Ͳʯͷ˵ʯͷҵԼ
Ҳħʮ٣֪ɱ⣬һӺݾͷ˳ŭһһסħŵӻѡ󺰵λʦܣŶȻƣǲҪ֣оնɱ
һȻûʲôͨӳ֣˶ҲǹҲһʿܹ˲ܣŭ𣬽ҵֶȡǺüħɱ˵ʲôƳ棬Ѫ«ޣֶֹζ˳
Ǻ֮ͨ侹Ȼʮʬ壬Щʬ岻Ѫɫɫмɫģ˵עʬʬ塣
һƬɱӳ֮֡ѰϣҲֻݱ档
һЦſЩ׽һĨ׽һע׽֮Сһ׵籬ըһеͬһ㡣
С㣡
һ䣬һλ磬һ˾ѷӦٶ춼һΣÿһνԸһ׽׽һ£Щͬ߹һת˲֮ɱ߽ħŵοƣٶ̫㲻һĳ
һһȺʬϵʱ򣬺ͨһЦȵ
һʮ֣ÿһһʬըը֮ͶɢһǱըҳǸɫ𶾣ľȵȣΨһӰǵ⡣
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ħŵӻϲʱ򣬺ͨɫȴȻһӶ֮дԭʬҲСԸ֮Ҳ㹻ˣԸңǲһأ
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ħŵӾﲻѵʱ򣬺ͨһЦ㲻ԽٶȿˣҪҵȶԺ䣬Ȼֻһѣֻܵļһﻹʲô˵ģȥҪټ㣡
һԹһЦһҽվӦ㣬֪һ²ʲôɣҲҲħŵֶж
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һѾԹʬΪһöӴʬ壬ֶο֮һЦ趯ʱֻʮʮӺ˹ȥǣͨһЦһָûͬպһ㣬ڳʱ˲ըͬʱʬ御ըըֱ֮ͨ쳹ء
ôͨ뵽ǿ˹ʬħʮٵͷΪɱһöһԵʬ鶼˳иƷãļʮʬ壬ƣһıը֮и߽׷򼴱ʿҲǲҲҪˡ
ûһһ޴ޱȵĽֱն˹
ܣǵһԺ֮еͷһη˵ͬʱ󺰵ˣˣ
ħŵӵҲǻ飬һæ˱ܣҲһùģڽ֮£æлֶζʩչֵһҽд㱻նϡ
֮зɳһһ׹⻪һ֫ϣֳ˲һ˭ˡҲû뵽һͬըʬ󣬻ñԶֽͨļӳ֣ӹһ


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зͨ⡭ôܣ̧ܹͨͷȥһĻþޱȡ
һһЦҲ𱦼ףһӣɳʱ춾ķɢȥŵһħʮ٣ֶιȻ㽫ֶζʩչûܶԸңαס
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һһӸµƣͨ˼һʵǿҵȲ磬ȻǵҵȾʹȥǣ
ˣߣù򣬴򲻹ˣô׵飡һݵȥһĨ׽׽һע룬ʱ׹⣬ϽԵñǰ䡣
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ҪΣЦռȻǼҵܣܾʹ˷ȥɣһ䣬һλ磬£ųɱ
ͨġʬ顯˳ûըһȹɥ˸ɾһɱﻹ˿ֵ֮ģһֻԼ߱ǣ֪һٶȣҪ׷⣬Ҫѣжסһ
˼һæеλʦܣٳ֣סһо棬ԻɱţˣǶҪˣ
úͨȣħŵӶȻ⣬ʶһٶȣ֪ԲúͨоУһȥ
һ״ЦãõúܣǰҵˡʨӲȫĵЩԿǼȻѻʯҲôȫĿɡʮù⣬ʮٽɱ
ɱһһһ𻯳ʮ׹⽣ÿһ׹⽣ӰÿһӰ趯ĶǲͬĽת˲֮ӰΪһ壬ָ׹⽣ֻǴʱÿһ׹⽣˱仯˵ζһһ޽򽣡ֶΡ
ֵǲҪǰըȻСȫأʦоڣס
ǰǽ϶ħŵһ߽кţһ߷ųһħ㳯һ׹⽣˹ȥҪóᦾס׹⽣ʱ׹⽣ĽƶȻһתһֱ仯ʩųֻһ󡮻죬Ǻĳᦽסʮֱ仯㱻˺ɷ飬ʮֱ仯ֱӺûз֮϶һҽ֮׹⽣ض
Żںˣת۱ڽ£𺳺ħŵǿһ㵨ʧˣʱһбħһ㣬ıҪԶԶӿħɱ֡
ҪʱȴԼ岻ܶƺһڽǵжۼһԽԽǵˣһ˹ȥ
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Ҳˣ
һħŵӷԵɣеǿʦ֣ΪʲôҪ
ʱں׼ֶεĺʦԳһ˿ЦλʦܣֶΣλʦҵֵһ£¾
⻰ħŵӣնɱͬʱһ˹ȥŵֻһԼѪתһֱϺܿ㻯ɫ
ʬ
һһ𳤽̧üһ㣬һöĺڻָ䣬һֱ㳯˹Ļʬ˹ȥת۱ûڡ
ûõģʬͬԱǣһеһУб׻ҲҪ˵ģұɣ
ͨſһЦ̧һָͬһɿʹ˲Ҫըӡ
һΧסȴûһ˼һʬҲˣͣ°ɣ
һ䣬Ϊʬ͵徹ȻĻָԭ
ܣҵʬôʧܣͨĪҲǺˣԾһϣжͬʱһѪɫ棬ȼ̧ͨһץѪ壬һٶȷɿĶӶȥ
ѪӰݣߣӲˣԣҳɣ
һ䣬һХǾ޴ɫӵصһһԲһΧıǽεض𡣶ѪӰȻ٣ҲȲúԱͨѸ٣һͷײڱǽϣ¡һһӳڲǽϡײûнһʹһǱޱȵӰѪ֮еǺͨ˭ˡ


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һͷײڱǽϣҲúͨħʿһƤǶʮǿͣǻɵӣ˵һײҪС
ͨӵ̧ͷһԴĺڰգһɷĿ
޺ԣ⣬ļϵޣôܣ˵˴ûļôôܡԣ㾹ȻܹͷԣⲻܣǡǡĻû˵ͨһıӾֱ˴Ŀ־塣
ʲôһһЦ̧һУǵڵصʬ֮дܳһڻ𣬶ڻָͷСѪҺ˵ڵıԴѪ
һʵȫ߸˺ͨԳʶҡͷôƻҵʬôļޣôôǿ㵽˭ѵǽʿٰĲɣ
һһЦڡħΣնɱҲֹһͷҵޣҲҵĿܣô㻹ʲô˵ô
⻰˵ǻ˵ºͨҪӣһ֮ɶԸ˺ܹһļ޺Եһ˵֪ⶨȻʲôڿʱͷ󺰵ôţֹţôҲ
ǣ޻˵ˣǾɣ±Ͷ̥׼һ㣬ҪʯͷԼĽŵ顣
ͨæеһ£Ҫɱңҿ԰㣡
ޣɱ㣬Ϊβɱûһôѵ㲻ɣҿɲɵӣһЦ
ͨΪлᣬæãҾã̽ķ̽ڣһԴȥɱħŵӣɱԽ࣬ĹԽ󰡣
һԣͣϴЦͨһΪҵѵûֶôοҪʲôɱȡǡ˵ɱ¾ħŵӣߺߣµħŵӣҲ˰ɣҲô
ͨһ׷Լôɫʱޱȣѽѽһһ˫ȣٴʩչѪӰݣһεûܣһҪɱңҲùģ
һһԱõףƾ⹶ӲдѪӰݣܲ׷ҵٶȻ˵οԣɱ̻ѡ
ԵճһһӴ͵һڣβһɨȻмβơһ죬βɨѪӰϣͨѪ֮ͬƤһ㣬ٴһرǽϡ
ͨһʧȥۣ˫ȣǹ֮Уҽʹѡʱһŵ⣬ԭʱѾ׷һѪֻһ߲

Դһߣǽ϶гһԭﻹǺͨӰеֻǺԴڴھ׽
ɣ
һٻһ߾׽һ߷ɻſһ£˼ͷһ˵Ƥⶼˡ
һЦ̰Եļһ˿ˣ̰ԣˣͨɣ
Ե˵ͷһһȦǽ˲ѩһɢЩʪ⣬ƺûгֹ
ħŵϵĴ֮Щʬһ㽻˺ԣʬ𼣴Žǡȥ
˵⡮ٵָ֮£һԼʱ󷨡ʱסˣǶڶⶼзãҲ˵Ը⣬ҲԼ
ߵǰͷһ֮̽Сֻ˶ָ˹貨Ůҳ·վ룬Ȱ˵˵λʦãǺαأȥλʦֻûнħŵӽǲΣô
貨Ůϱӵͷȥˣ곤һһֻǱȥҲ׵Ůӣһ㲻ϳȥͷڹˣȺħͷûãǽҪأ
ΪݼӵܣѰ֮пǹһ㣬ɣƭ貨ŮͬСһЩЯͬεȤû뵽Ȼħŵ͵Ϯһ֮ȻþȣȴӳҲ飬֮ҲͶһߣٲ˵ֻǿŮҪΪ
ʱɢȥŮȻţȴҲ˷׼սСĶڶ˺棬ǼƲþҪŮһ㡣
ɢȥֻһվ棬һֱ̧㽫𣬴˲һ˭ˡ


 
ȴһŮæͣ׼ķСĿ˲ûˣصĳһ
λʦʦ֣ǼħͷأݣֶͬϲһʦܣһĿڣǰȵĻҲֻȽʦ֡
һȻڴΪмͬţøʲôɫֻõ˵Ѿˣǲˣ
ţģǼħͷȻϴӦ̫ˣϹһЦŮ˳濴ȥҪȷǼħŵӵӰ
ᣬһҲͣá貨Ů˳һлҽܣŮ֮곤Ǹģ׵ǸءڣڣΪһȣҲΪۣһʦ֡
ڳƺ֮£һҲǿڵл֮£Ҳֻǵǫѷ䣬ûѰϲĿ´ʡ
Щǻ˵˵þһѲ̲ķϻһոճִɷһħŵнǽþȳ⻰ȴǡôͷһĽ
ڴʱҲ˻֪ûΣգҲǻһһ㣬˿һһ˵ʲôɵӵ䷶֮Իصһúһ˵ƺһҪһصӣȴȫǰľࡣ
һͷмͬʱҲѣƤȳ̶ȣҲѵõֶͨˣ
ĺÿУͷҲŻѣ뵽ǰôͱ˸Ƶĸͬ·ˣ
ԵõĿһ֮䣬ȴԼĴͱħͷȥæһʦܣЩħͷߵʱɽҵĴˣ
תڻʦܡһûʲôӦⴢ֪ȻǼħͷĴ֮УȴֻܽǵĿһۣҡͷʱʲôû¡
ԣ¶һ˿֮ɫָ˵ϧˣ滹Һò׵ļǱ͵Ϯʹãôױץס
⻰֮⣬Ȼǻһ͵͵ˡһڶУͷЦѣϵȻûһ㡣
貨Ůӿȥˣ곤ЩڵʦֱһȺħͷѾףЩħͷλϽԽȥĶ³ҲͰˣֻҪס㲻ˣ
һƢֱӣһЩ˵ʲôãзôʹã͸ħͷȥˡ
Ůһ˵ǰԼΪҲɵЩҲʲô
һ˵ִԵĶŮЩøУڵﻹмһЩҩòţͽʹðɣص޻ħŵӣҲʮգûЩ㲻á
˵ţӴ֮ȡкüƿ˵ĵҩСһĴ˳
Ů״ȻЩ˼ȴ֪һ˵ֻõһлӹԼһݡȴЩĽӹƺЩʮӡֻǵöŮһ۲ᡣ
һһпȴҲɫֻǿڵǰЩħŵ˵ǰӦһ֪ʦֺλʦʲô뷨
á֣˶ʱ˾ϣѽãЩħͷôŹľöǿߣҪħͷȲǰ
˵ţϱҪȥòһǶŮͣԭأһ㶣ǻŸʲôߣ
⻰һͷЦ˶ɱˣ˭ǰ档
򿪿ڵǰǼħͷ˵һȺռݣǶ޷ãǰȥҲòʲôôɣ
ѳڣӲſ˵ЩħͷûֶΣһȥպÿЩҲ˵
⻰һᣬҲԶԣΨؼЦʦͨ󣬻ʦǰԸޣҵǣ
ȻǵСµĹӸӣҲԲסصĺһȥȥѵϻ˲һȺɡ
˵ţҪ𣬵˭֪֣ûȫҲΪҡҡλЩˤ
һ½ʹɽһӣŭȵʲô
νҲҪˣһɵڼһһû˵ʲô貨ŶŮݣݲϷ
ὣһָŭ˵ʲô
ҲԴĿڵĵʦܣСĻӿڳ


 Գ
Ϊӵܣ˴ˣʹҲʹ˵ϲûʲôԾöŮȻһĿԼҲɵһ㶡Ҫʵʱ򣬺оһһԴ
תͷȥֻһһȻվһ˿ɱζϴ뵽ڵΣʶԼܽħŵܵĸ֣ʱһߵĸоӿͷ
ʦܣ⣬Ҳ˵㣬˵æҪȣһֹ̧סˡ
һòԴĮʦǷҪ̽һ̽
⡭æɽҡͷããǸΣյĵطҿǻǲҪȥˣ
Ƕλʦʲô˼Ը
һѯԼһ˿˵֪мգʹ˷ȴҲǲԸġ֮ʱֱڿòҵҲ̫ϧ˰ɣ
ʦʲô뷨һĵ뷨
ļһûзԵӣҲ˵ͷСҲ÷̫ϧˡ
һ˵ͷãȻλʦ뷨һ㣬ʦֲԸȥǾʹ˷ֵɣ
ţʲôû뵽ԼͬˣҪֵ̾סˣ뵽ǿǻħŵӣʱɫһ䣬æʦܣʦܣºǶͬŵӣò׾һôֵ𣬼Ȼ̽һ̽Ȼ㵽Ҫֵأ
϶̶ʱǱ仯εһͷЦѣ貨ŮӱһΪ̲ģ¶ҪǶڵĿ
ϵһ˵ͷȻʦҲԸһжһ뷨˵Σ
ϼһᡮֵ𡯣æͷǣʦ˵ǣʦȫͬ⡣ĺȻҲԡ
һڵҵ뷨ǣп֮̽еλʦúʦָյõÿԽڴڼ䣬һὫǰ󷨲һԱǣ̫˻Խֿ֪ΪΣ
һƻŮһӡҲʮֺãæʾͬ⣻±֣߳æͷ
Ѷƣһٴȡ󷨲úá˴Ϊȡˣǽ󷨲ֿȨǡֻ㳯ȥ
ʱ˦ѣһȻҪץʱǰȥܿΧһҡͨڵĵطһɸ£Ǵ̵ĳ紵һɹɢȥ˵Ρ
һ̽ԼǼħŵ˵ΧһȺЩͨڣ֫׳Сһ㣬һɡ
һҲϵһȺޣǳĺԳޱĳûУʵǿһͷԳǽۣ½ӽͨħ֡
һȺ棬һԳʮͷǿͷȻ߼ħҲֻһߡһȺԳʵ²ȫʢĺԺöԸ٣ҲѹһȺħŵӾȻûзӡ
һȺӣҪɱ֪úķѶҸὫıȻֱӴӡ˱ǣ
һʱ򣬱һȺӴԱһɽХŴ˳ֻһͷɸ£Գӵ˳
˻ͷԳۺ÷ḻȻ۷壬ʱͻļޡ±ħֻҪǿְɣһҲɵóһһȺԳʵָ߹һ֣ԾñȺԸǿһ㡣
ͷԳǺ£ͷ߽׵ԳԹԵΧ
ֻúߴм֮дﵽˮ׼ԳһԱߣԸĽ˼ȻǱʲôԸ顣
ʱŭһƱһͷԳϡһȥͷԳܵˣʱһѪ档
Գʱһٶ˵ʲôֱţһڿѪȥ
һ״Ϊ⣬ʱС׵УһǻȻȲҺ壬Ҳ˵ãͷҲֶΣǿԼͱǺѪ
һȻʲôȻҪֶΣ
С׵ҲңҲ֪ܿͳ֣Լ˱֪ˣ


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ۡ
һ죬澹ȻһöȭͷСͬʯһĹӡöӻԪһ壬һ⻪תװƺǹ⣬һ㡣
Сһʵѹܹôˡ
һĪʵǸʲôô˵
С׽͵νʵʲôǴľɵһֱҪ˵ãҪǣݣȻҲΪЧڴʱ˵ǺʣԲľΪǵõ㹻˵ֱӽԲҲ⡣ͱԣʵô档ǱǾ͸ߵޣҺߺԸãʹǸͨԸ绯Ρ
һܹԲͷʮֻϲȴҲɻԭˣ˼˵ԽԽ׻ΣԽ;ԽѻΡǿΪʲôҪŻأ
СЩߣҵǿȴȱ㣬ʱáȴǲͬȻ֮ӿ١ʶγˣһ򡣡
⻰һΪʲôСײˡϾҪ˵Լ֮֮Ȼϲ
һҲĺĺæ⣬˵ҲãȱΪıǾöʵˣ˵ţҪȥʵ
Сæֹһ£»ЩΣӦͽʵȡʳˣƺѪжȻ顣
С׵жϣһŷģԱȻֻ̹;ƮƮ𣬱ʵ֮УŨ֣Ȼ¶ˮ
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ʮֻϲͷŨܵë֮ͳһʯʵ档Ȼʵ֮е¶ˮȻ˳ʮʯ֮Сʵŵٴ
˵Ǻ۴мһȺԳ̧һʯͷӹʢҺ壬ֻˮͬҺǾ㣬ȻһӾˮ
߹ȥץʯСĵһʵҺ嵽ˮ֮УǾˮζŨʮٻȻֺ
⣬ȺԳﾹȻƣѵǴ˵֮еĺơĪʦ˵ʱһƵĲ壬֮еĺڣеĺҲɽ黨ƺơĪʦҲֻһΣû뵽һˣ
һʱ򣬺һԳȥ˹ʵӣʯͷʯͷҨ
˵ʯͷСһСҲܲסӶ࣬ÿα㱻һա˾֮󣬴ԳЩˣǺöһԳֱӾ͵ڵ˯ΨЩԳţźʯ
״һŵڶԳ׷˿¸½˼ĳʯȥ
һһĻֺЦ˵ø黫ĺͷ²˵ֻһ㶫ʹǡҽҪһٸƶˣ
Сԣɵ֮ԱǣǿڵʵҪıҺҲ֪ͷֶΣȻܹ߻ʵҺЩҲ˲٣ҪһʯµֵϺüöʵˡʱҪʮΡ
С⻰һһЦȻٲһݡ˵䣬һű㻯һ̣ȥˡ
Ƭ֮ʯ֮ڣһûһ˿ܣֶǶһԳԳһͷûСһ²⣬ͷԼ°ɱԼֻСˡ
Ȼ֪Ƿ뷨һǷһ²شݾߡϢ仯Σһ֮ʱѧ߱ڵշӵ󼰵ĸ߶ȣʯƽأܿҵһʯҡ
ֻʯҲǺס֮һתߣһӾ
ףѵ
һͷһϲæʯ֮УֻһǰǰСʯͷӣӣһɹɾ˱ǶûмҺζ㲻¥İٻ˷ֺ


 ݺ
ʯҵĺƣȫųܹǧٻһҲɵóԾôƣһȺԳ׻˶ʱƣѵһӶȥ˲ɣ
ƣСҲΪϲãƣǵĻģӵľƣһӾʹ˳˵̧һ㽫һʯͷƸ׾ӿռ䣬ֱӻһУһкҲļơ
һСＱҲֻܿЦøһ룡ͬʱҲȻСһһһƸףΣȴҲʣµһԼĽӿռ䡣һ¼ͲĽӿռװ
һһһ㽫Գ汲֪˶ĺƸգֶѾС͵Ǵˡ
һشһȴûԾϾ߶Ҫһȡɱĵӣԥԥ̫࣬ɾ͡
ȡ˺ƣһͷŻᣬ˺ЩʯңȻûкڣȴҲ١һݣúãҲãǼϯüֿÿտյ󣬻ƽõĴװˡ
ھһ֮һǰֿ⻹ʯҡûһУһŨ
ͨһֻ̽һʯǺһҲǺһ㣬˯˹ȥ
ļһȻҺˣСײһУûһ֣һ׹ֱǺ˹ȥ
һû뵽С׽⡮ҺҪҪ֣ҲֹֻԳΣȥ
С׹⶯Сһӱ㽫Գһ׹⳯Լæһ˫̧ݳ׹˹ȥ
ֻһ׹ײһںǾֺŵ֮УӴĺֱӱײʮɣֱǽ֮С׹£ԳСģ֮ŵװҺʯ
ŵرͷȴǿϧС׵˵ţָһʯһʯ֮
һҲʮΣǺüöʵȫˡʱС÷ڿУһεɢӨ͸鱦ʯһ㡣
ء
ԳҲ֮ۡƣʯھȻûʲôƣһʯڱ˳Сı
ߣûõĶ뱾Ҫѵ֪ôдСһһȹѵĳڵһȥںϣٴνʯ֮С
Ȼ֪СͣһγѾǺܾǰˡСɽһĺͬƤһ棬ΪԼҲܹС׼ֵһҲɵô뷨
˭֪Գٴδǽηǵûȡѵ˫ͨ죬ĳС׷ɱһ˫ۻ֣ͬƱʯͷɽҲҪһ±ˡ
С׼״ǿȻ壬һ˦ֱ֣ӽٴʯڡܿ죬ûһٴ͵ĳС׳
һʮΣСЩͷһ۵ʹ⻪ǰǿݺݵسȥһʯһ࣬ſڱһѪ˳
һαһúܸ÷ˣ˭뵽ͷӷһؿڷĻһڿѪӿ
һɻѵӷ˲ɣ
С׷ǰעһ֣ЦŶССȻпͨѹһȺۣڱУٿҲûá
Ҳ֪ûС˵ĻֻһĻţһʮѪѪһͷѪӡʱЩѪͬһ㣬Գȥ
ذ
һѪŤ£͵һ𣬶ԭɸµٴΰθߣ̶ǵɳֻǰͬ˴ŨƤë棬ǿѵƤһɹѪҺʳԵޱȡ
ɱɱʱȻԡ
С׼״һв׷һû뵽ִԲ򣬸ÿѪӳ֣Ϊ˽ᵤΪܹԸô
ɱɱʱɥʧͷֻɱ⣬űžһ˫۳С˹
һ̣һԺ֮һݺС׵ϸĴ׳ǿôӦǺߡһͷȴȫ෴ǿߺʹӦϸСײǡ


һ Բ
ȴ˵СվԭأۿԳɱֻǵ˵֮ѵ翪࣬һСû뵽ǴһͷΪ˿ܹͨʤߣȻǴҲã֪֮Ĳɣ
ʱԳǰɫһ˫С׿Ҳֱһ䣬ʹ⻪ǰִһࡣ˴ȴûǰЧһ˫۾Ȼʹ⻪
һսƽԳǵ˼šɱ֣ںʹ⻪ײʹֻ۷ĻȻʹ⻪ѹס֮Ƶû˻ȥ
С̩ɽһҲû˿ģΪ˶ǰһԺȻңȴСֶΡ
ʹ⻪ˣ᧿ΣʱɢΣաСһһſڣһܳʱʯҵ¶ȶȻ½
𣡡
һͷһȻ֪С׶ȻǿĻʩ˳֪С׵óֶΡ
ĺ䣬һҲԵĺԱһշ֣ԵĺȻܹܹˮɱܹ˲䲼ñǽ⺮䶼ǺϷųԴĺ䡣
ͬ⺮ǴڲƺֻҪķΧ֮ڣһжԴڲᣬҲ⡣
ν²ʶ»ȻһССıȽϣȻһԼС׵ʵҲһ˽⡣
ȴ˵С׷ų֮ԳûյκӰ죬ɿأٶȻʮϸ΢ѷ֣ʵʵڵıˣұٶԽԽ졣
ʮ֮ԭͬ糵ۣͬһ㣬ʧȥٶȣȻҲһ˫۵ҲѹƲסʹ⻪ʱСͻȻʹ⻪͵һ𣬷ųӱٴνԳʯ֮ȥˡ
һᣬԳȻûзɿǴϢţҪѩɫŨƤëϣѸɢȥԳȫѩɫҲͬһ㶯ҲĴԭء
һɻʱС׳Գ̧һУһֵƮлһꡣСſһġ𡯺Գ꾡ˡ
Գ궼СˣȻĲˡ
һͷĬݺЦ㳯С˹ȥ
С׼״һƯڿеҺ֮гһ˿ԼĪʮαȥʣµֱƸһֱӵʯϱ
һæĵҺס˿ڴϵСף뵽СײõĽԳҲһﵽԲĻᣬҲȥһﲱӣϧ˴֮ת𹦷
ҺֱҺƢŨһǻ۵ζ֫ٺչ뵤֮Уעѭѭ
һͻڲãȻп鵤ʵҲЩë꣬ҺתϸתѸ٣Ҫﵽƽʱתļ
ͻڱֻҪܹͻޣԼʽԲˡֻ֮ǰͻƶֻڼϱͣҺоԲͬͻƼ֮ǰٶȻڲӡ
ãﵽˣֻһͻƣﵽԲˣ
һͷϲѣʱٶȶȻͣ۵֮лǾ֮У⼫ٶתȴͻơ
ԾԲȻǿӣҲʮΪѡЩˣҲԵɣԲҵĸоȴһһ㣬ǹȥһӶȥ
һͷõԤУϣη裬ǿǿÿÿʵǹȥҲſͻơ
˷һݣҾݣݣҾͲͻƲˣ
һҧһٴȡҺһʣ¼еȻ룬ٽʣµĿ鵤Ҳȡ˳öСתһԶҺͿ鵤סɿע뵤֮С
˷ѵľٶ֮£תٶȹȻٴ˼ӿļ󣬼ޣҪͻơͬʱҺŨ֮Уһ˿ޣʶĸһԺ֮С
Ԫĸ򣡡
һϲĺ˵һ˿Ԫ֮еԪЩҲ򣬲ܹٴﵽڣڡԪ֮еĸӦþˣ뵽ڡҺĴ߻£Ȼڵĸٴμ
һʱ֮䣬һڵĸ֮УԼԼԲ𵤷ȥǣ֮Ȼһתٶ˳µͻ˼ޣԲ


Ķ ٻҺ
ڴﵽԲһͷϲͬʱȴо֮ҺͿ鵤ҩȻв١ͷһɿҩҽԪĸҪһλһٽԲΪ
תŽԲġһе˲ͬתٶܹﵽ֮ǰٶȵ⣬оʲôɱţָоЩϤƺԼʱҺĸоȴмֲͬ
Һ鵤ҩĽתٶԽԽ죬ӵëף뾭֮У˲䱻뵤ע֮СٶȾȻϲϡת
ʱ˿һľ»ᾪѣΪٶ̫죬γһնӿն
С׶ѹһȻ֪һĹؼֻǰľǽᵤǾѲֿġ
Գһ˿ɫΪ֪ȥһ㣬˵ͻʧأ߻ħ
һּǧöʯ䵽ϣͬʱóһ󷨣ÿһʶ㹻ͷźüʱ˲ͷųһӿȥ
һ£һԵõ㣬ϵġž֮Ȼǲþʯֱӱɷĩȥˡ
Сüӳʯ󷨣תöʯˣûмתʲôһ̧һУһöƮǡܱ顯
ָڱ֮ϣһȪӿӰи֣ͬʱŨӿȻС÷áܱ顯ûȥֳ
ȻЧڲͬȪˮһӿȥӯȻһȻڿȴҲ˻⼣С׼״ڽüͷչǵչֳһʹûʧɫòȻЦ
أһϱҵϢƽϢȥһһΪϢһϢͬʱɢϢʼ룬Ľ֯һ塣
ϢһҲһۿѵʯԼǰӿȪۣſվǰСף΢΢һЦڵл
˭֪Сæתȥͷһһű㻯׹һȥˡ
ոѹһٴסͷղſҿˣҾȻǸСףˣȻ⻰ֻͷ˵ɲСˡ
˼һת˶Ѫоûһ죬ûһȵϾͻƣǴ˿ѷ
ͷ̽뵤֮УֻΧһڻת֮ǰȻһݺгζ֮⣬ǽ̻任̬ٲ̬Һ̬һͻԲȻʹὣ֮󱻴ɢ̬ٴλҺ
ҺǽɸƷʵĴڣ䣬ȴԭʮһΪ֮Һ仯壬ȴ˵Ľʮ
ҺʮҪΪ˵İٱֹ˽ɽԶҲѹַοˡ
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Щ仯һԶӿһϲ֮ҲһԵɡȥҺ鵤Ԫ򣬻бǱ֮ġԼὣɷ֮ı仯ˡ
ڵʲôԭļʶȴǷֱ治Щ仯ǰһ£ҲȻ֮ˡ
˿Ǽʯ˵һͷԳʬ廹ԱߡΪϣոһӴ˲仯ĩƮɢʱһٴᵽˡ𡯵Ķԭ⿴Ƕᣬȴﵽ⣬ÿһ嶼ɱм
һ׼ȥʱ򣬺һҵ޷ʩչ
Сףһλ˶ʱ䣿һæʵ
СƺڶȴҲһ޷ֻæȥϾһҲ֪˶ʱ䣬פżٱħץˣȴ鷳顣
ɵڵʱһȫͬĳǰȻʮŮŮʿʩչֶһȺԳ


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һȺԳʮһͷһͷֱӻһҪʮֲ
һȺŮȻֻʮˣȴǹоݣɫһȺԳѹŴÿһ̶кͷնɱʿȴûһ𣬿ɼǼȥһԳҪɱҪɱɢǲܻʤˡ
һմʯֻ֮һۣһ⻪üͷһ壬̧һ⻪ɢһ˭͵Ϯ
һ仰ЩնɱԳ˲ſ˹һȺ֮ϺġضŮ
ʦ㣬ʦ֣ʦְȻؾһתͷġҲЦȻһҲʮָˡ
һȵ֮УΨһһɫÿĵͬŵϣʱһ̣ʩһ󷨣һȺס̲ǡʲô
һһֱ㱻͵ϮͷȻˬͬӣҲ̷ȥȴһɹԼǰ
ԭʦˣҳ֣һΪʲô޻ħˣû뵽ȻͬˣҺûȫʩΪҲûн˵ʦܼ°ֻʦԺֿҪСЩҪ͵͵ģۣ´˿ɾͲ˵ţϳһ˿Ц
Լ͵Ϯ˵͵Ϯ˻֮ǵǸȴȫ޵Ǹ˼˵Լ͵͵ƺ͵ϮԼӦһ㡣
һԷԲɣλٺһЦһ˭˳֣ѷľǣˮ׼˵ˣǲһƤѣԺԷʩΪģ
ʲô㣡걾һֱǵöŮϲͷ֮ҪһһûһڱǷ༥һӡ
һʵæǰǳʦܲΣֱͲԣʦܵǸ˵ţתͷһʦܼ£ʦٲ£ʦܶ¡
׻˵ֲЦˣһȻȴҲ˵ʲôҲǸǸ˵ͷҪҹ
ǣһȺԳǷ˷һ㣬һʯȥڲˡ䲻ԣȴҲϢ
һܣ³ʮһŮУŮ貨Ůӣ˸֮УҶŵӣڵӣΪ׵ǰ塣
ԭһͻԲҺһʱ⡣˵֮н֮ڳ׸üȥǽѰһʱһʮһˡ
˵ԭǸһһǿ֮ʮǿأħŵӶţѰɢĵӣҪһٵõǵǰһ˱ħŵץסʱ򣬿֮еĽʶ˳չҵˡ
һϵ˵ͬҵ˴飬ʮһ֪ﾹȻ֮Ҳ׷Ź㽫һ˽Գһɱ
Ľǵ꣬æѯһʲô
һǲŮֱԲ䣬Լ˶ٺô漰Ȼ˵ֻԼʯ֮·һȺԳɱڡ
⻰¶Ծģˣ϶Գһ˿Ȼı顣
ʱǰһе㲻ʥٺЦʦܹ·ȺԳôãǰʦܳǰãҵȻоһɳ֮ôôأ
һһ㶣֪ʲôˣȻǽԼΪͻϿܱ֮ӺϵϢǱ
Ų㣬ĳǶпûмʲôұԼɣ
ʥЦʲô·Գڣ¶ǰɣǲǳǸȺӴȻʱ򣬵ʲôôó
һɨڳһۣȻֻ꿪ڣЩȻû˵ڣϵıҲˣϣϾȻĽʺ޶
ͷЦתͷʥһۣٲᣬҪһȥʥǾһ飬ٺһЦֵһǰ档
Ҫһ΢
ʥһЦ˺ôͽҷˣҶԶʳô
һһתͷٿʦ֣ͷˣʲô˵
ɫʦܣʦܣα̸أȽЩնɱڼƽϲ١
һһ˼á֪⡯ĵز֮⣬ν̸ȽնɱҲ˵ȽԳɱ֮󣬿ڳȫԼ
仰һһ˽ԵеĸоһЦתͷԼȹ˵ʦ֣ʦãʦãô˵


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ʦ֣ң⡭ҿ˿ЩΪѣɫѿ֧֧ᣬ˵ʲô
صֱˬǵһľ֮˵ʦ֣šһ˵ȥˡǷߵһλ貨Ůӣݳ貨ŵ⣬˫޵¡
Ǿ͸˵һ̲˵״ʦܣкôҷαһ˶ռءģһݣʦڣ˵ġ
һȺǰһͷЦѣ˫һУǹһ˿ЦˣҲΣ
⻰ʥȶ𣬡ðȻҲ¶ˣȻǵ˺ô˴ҵͬǹ˺ô벻֣ѵռɣ
һ⻰ɫҲЩÿʦܣĲˣʦ˵ĶԣһͬôȻҪҷǣģһṫƽġ
ƽһһЦʲôйƽǰһձʲôʱģֺôʱҪƽˣӵĹƽĹƽɣ
һôһ˵Щ˶ĬˡϾʱͻֻһʥˣֻҪĬͻΪʤһͬˣֺôȻзݣǾ㹻ˡ
ʥصĺһЦ㣬ƾ㲻ΪһˣбͺôƾʵܹõЩڶеһ죬ǳǣһȺԳлȡñ㿴һ֣һȺԳӵȥֶΣǱò˺Ƭɣ
һ˫һУͬЦЦҪǣޣһ֮ǰһȺħŵӿǱǣסˣЦЦǣҿҪ˭˰ǣһȺħŵô
һָȻˡȻͲõõôλһ˵æһߡıǰûܰһҪ˵ĵ£ԼʦһۣҲֻ̾˿ҡҡͷٲ˵
ؿڿ죬ǸоǰԼû֧һЩھΣûһߡæʦʵǿħͷлһħʮ٣ʦִˣʦֿһȡñġ
صһλʦɫһͷ˼֣Ͼûа׾ˣЦǿˣĳԸħŵҲȴԸһȺδޣõ˭ǣƲɣ
⻰ʥҲҶŵӣһתݺһЦҲ֪˱ס˵㽫ħŵӸߣǣǺǣ˵䲻ģ˵׼ǹҲһ
ᡱֳڣڳɫ΢䣬ǰֵ֧Ҳʦܣ˻˵ʦڵӣɣλħŵӹᡣ
ʥԣֻҡͷЦʦּ£Сֻ˵һֿܣһ˵ʵҪսʤħʮôܣ㲻ǹᣬҲЩãܹͳչʾһǡǷʵ
ԣҲɫһʦܣɷǽһ¡
һ״һЦãøɣһԽ֮ͣܣԼܾΪҲܣãҪ֤ʵĳ͸ǿ
һȺͷֻ˻ɣԼȣȴ°ǡ飬һ뵽һǡƱƱԼ˾͵Լǲè
ʱͷһŭڶһ̤̽ѩ޺ۡطһȻƴϳϢԲУ֮񣬸Զͬ٭
ԲȻԲʥ΢΢Ծȴ壬΢΢һɹ׼תͷϣƺҪһ˵
ǳһ֮뵽ʲôɫϲʦ㵽׵ʲôȻͻƵԲ
⻰˿һֱˣԲҲһӣҲ˲˵·ʱ䣬£ҲͻƣһȻͻȻͻƣⶨȻǱ﹦ã˶ϣ顣
һüͷһϵʦ֣ãܺã֪ҵʲôҪõǼ
ͷǰʦܣѾ˱Ҳ㣬ֻҪ㽫ĽͺãԼ屣֤
һĿһۣãøңƾʲôңʲôʸңѵΪҾһϹҵô˵壬У磡
㣬ˣϱһȻŭӣֺɫʦܣɲҪһУʦҲȲ㣡ͬʱͦͦг̣Ų΢΢һȻʥһһңһɼл֮ơ
ĳҪȣЦҵĶһɣ˵䣬һ̧һУϵ̣ɽͬĴֱС


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һתۣ㷢Լ±ԾԹŭ㣬㾹Ȼڷɽ֮˽ƣ
һЦԼĶȻҪһ֣򱻰ȥҧԼǿɲ˵ԩ
⻰ŭӣûһС˲٣οһȫȴҶԳȥһĺضŮⷬҲ֪ǲһջǵĶɫߺͬʱҲЩ˵ʲôһҡҡͷȵض˵
༸ҪһΧסһ޶Եʱǰʯ֮еԳХų˳һͨ˫۳Χ
΢΢Ծֻһ֪ȻǷֺףҪѩޣͷһһЦǲĳ˺ôôҾ֪ʲộһҪĶ̣˭Ҳֹң
Ц䣬һżһ㣬һһȥ
ʥΪһҪӣһӲˣ׷ȥ
˼״Ҳ׼׷ȥҲڳ죬ΪԼоԾæΣգ
űҪסʥʥѾͬڵһ׷˳ȥסһڿУʥ־ӱƤС֮ģһֻˣֻһЦһȥ
ʥֻͨͨһΪֶβУһЦֻ̧һͳն˹ȥ˭֪ɽӴ˲䣬һǿϬӽϴķɽ˲Ϣ֮䣬ƽʹָ۵ķɽȻпƲסļ󡣶ǹǿֱһؿڣʱͷۻһӼܲסɽ˴ͳ·ȥ
ʦСģһҶԱŵӳæס̧ͷȥҪһһ֣֡ʼû˵Ϊʱһĳǰ
һնֳ׽ջ裬дʲôһָһһɻƴЩ΢׹⽵
̧ץסһ޵Ϣ͵һ׽֮Уʱ׽棬һһ͸͵һת㽫ϢûСͬʱ׽ϳҫ׹ĽӰ
֮նأٽ⣬£
ֻһֱ׽͵һ𣬰ٵӰ׷ջһ׹⽣ϸȥÿһ׹⽣ͬʵʣÿһѰǿһⲻǡһҫ⡯ǡʮù⡯Ǹ߲εġٽ⡯硣һãսͻ֮͸ľ硣
һ̣һƬضٵ׹⽣ǡһٵⲢ£ÿһ׹⽣ϬޱȵĽµ֮ںϳһ壬չֳѹԽֳ޾ѹסνһʱ
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һۿ·һָٵ׹⽣ÿһݻʮϰֽ׷һ㳯·ȥ
ʲôˣѵǽ𵤸ֲɣ
ܣǽ𵤸֣Ʊ𵤸ֻǿôܣ
ôһ԰
˴ʱ׷׺ڣڵͬʱǻæʩӷһٵǳǺ
ЩȫǶ࣬һٵ׹⽣ûǡÿһ۾һ㣬ѰԳɱ˹ȥ
ЩԳɾͿˣɱһֺͨף뱨𡣵ͻȻһֺ˷ڳԳһܵѹѹơ׹⽣ɹӶӲ
׹⽣ԳȺУЩԳȻųۣӲȴûһͷֵܹסɱÿһ׹⽣ϰٵб仯ǿļͷԳҲֵܹʮоͱ¡
ֵǣЩⲢûֱӽԳնɱѡ˫̡ʱ䣬ͷԳ̱һأûһͷܹȫڵѽѽĽ
һصԳ廹ʥŵ˵ûã˫ȴ˵ĺȻһûջضŮĶǶ档
һջ׹⽣ԭվλáǰΧ˶׷׺ˣһԼնɱ
ѵΪҪʲôΪǣôһ˵û˭˻شҲҪ˻شתǰ
ıǰԼܷ֣ܹˣߣ˵䣬һָһ㣬һȥȻһĤöʵ¶


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ǡʵû뵽طȻȱһҶŵӾ
Ҳϵ⡮ʵʲô仰һñֻǴʱѰʱ򣬿һȺȥˣ˴Σȴûһǰǿ˵һôֱĻûС
Ϊһ£̧ժӵĶ
ǰһǴУѾڳ޶סˣ˭жôĲһɵصԳԼǵİҲûٸҿ˵ʲô
ʵץУһתͷһЦǿ֪ʲôǱ˰ɣ
˶ڲѣ˵ӡҪһ̣⡮ʵʱУûеõ˵ΪĪеһһ˺ڵĳӶˡ
һһЦָڡʵһ㣬һŨһ¶ˮһһҺס˼ʼĽ۹֮УһһָöҺ͵ǰ
ʦ֣ңҲգǰػδǰЩⲻȥҪ˵ʲôȴһֹסһöҺ˲ûüģȻһעˡ
һУһĽ۹֮УĽһöʵ봢֮С˿ذŵԳһ֣һ׹׹ӹ֮ԳﾡʧȻǱǰ׹Գ֮׹ٴλصһС
һȡʵ˶Ǹŭԣ˵һûʲôôԳһٴΪ׵һٴν
Ϊһ죬ڹڵʦʦ֣ɷһᣬô˴ҲǴһҵġԭǻһȫӡӡǵĻᡣϾ֮עӡǣõнͣҽͻΪȻҪȡһ¡
һ⻰תͷ˿壬ȻȻȴЩëʱԴ̵ЦǺǣʦˣ֪Ǹ緢֣ĳֵ磿
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ʥɱ㣬Գݣ΢æɱһѵ㻹ܽڳ˶ɱ˲ɣ
һԣ˿ʥЦųɨ˹ȥʱͷ޼ʥһҪȥʲô
ͷʥˡ˵ɽȻãȴֲһαʥƳһᣬ͵ڽ֮СһҪɱԼڣʱæЦʦ֣һʦ֣ǲӣҪɱҪжУصУʦ֤ˣ
㣡Ҫģû㲻Ҫģʥŭָϣ˵ʲôȴϵĻҲ
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ֻһӡһɵϢӡ֮Уӡ͵ĳһġһ׹ע뱦֮УȻǽӡˡ
һһӡռ֦ɵľųɣʣһȴûжҲתͷȥֻǿڵҪƽߣ͸һɹƽﻹӡӡǵĵطԼβ㹫ƽɣ˵꣬һЦһٶʧԶ
һȥһΨĿ˿һԵڵأһöҺأ̾һҲ֪Щʲô
һһߣʵߣʣһӡĿռ䣬һܿͶӡĿռٴηԼƤĹƣҶŵ˶ڣ貨ŮӣΪһĵ£ȻʶһƤ֮֮һĵطһ貨Ůӡ
ȴ˵һһ󣬱ѡһɽͷ½ͼҳҵһλãȴҲǰȥϾǰһϯǸǰҪһЩʶۼ˺Щħӡ
˵صħнˣǵ֮һܹһ𵤸ˡȻûдɼжô
һһ£ڵСΪҪЩԳѵȺͷʲôô


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׹һСԳһҪЩӣȻЩôȻˣҾ㿴ˣ
˵䣬С׽һУһԼһ⻪һתʧԭأһããسǰöɫĵոƺ֧һƬصĶС״ʱҲվԡ
һ뵽ʲôæʵѵĽֿռ䣡
С׵˵ͷû뵽һӾͱˣǾҵĽֿռ䡣
԰ֿռ䲻Ӧ봢һ㣬ܷûôҼ޴ȿԷ޵ĶҲֻܱ֤ߣܻǰ
СһǵȶôȽϣһϹŴжϾ֮󣬴ֻƬĲƪ֮еģһȴһ壬ĴСⴢٴҲһƬŵĿռ䣬Ϊ߶仯Ȼڳڵʱ봢󣬵ᵽˡű䡯⣬ΪͬʱҲӿռһЩЩ仯Դ顣Ҳ㲻ʲô£ǬҲڻ¡
һȻҲýطʮ˵ãȴҲֻһֶΣû뵽Ȼ̾ͬʱҲС׵Ҫ£ǬӦΪ
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һǵûбͨŵϲԭؼ仹ɵ֮·кܳ治֪پڵȴأ
ֻ֮̾عС׵С˼ǹӿռ䣬ˣǷҲлҲôֶΣ㲻УҲԽӿռһЩ÷øණ
Сüͷ΢壬˵Ѿ볣˲ͬҵĴм֮ҲûôֶӵҺһΣҲоһЩı仯˵ܴﵽӿռı׼ȡö˵ҩңȽһȺӸκ˵
Լӿռ䣬һҲΪˣʲô˵ҩ˲١ץһƿʮöѪСסСһ֣ͷҽеԳǰ
һȺͷǳԹ˿ͷǿϹ鸽ҾˣǲϹ鸽Ǿ͵ʰɣ˵ţһλϢų
һȺԳҲ֪翪ΪʵԵɣЩǻۣһ޶öС˵ЩʲôٸоһλϢʱһ໽ͷͰݡ
ãȻǿϹ鸽ˣ
Сĵ˵ͷּ㽫ʮöѪΪĩҩٵֱעԳڡ
˵ҩҲΪ棬ʮͷԳָԻ⣬Գܱ
СٴοڵȻ鸽㲻裬ÿճҺƺƣ裬Сź򣡡
СΪͣȻ֮Щͷͷһæ˶Աߵʼơơ
ֵˣһ֪С׵⡣뵽ԴԴϵĺƣ;һʮֺõ⡣ΪʲôУ³ܹƵĺͲ⣬ûСЯĽӿռ䡣
һȺͷźãһߴС׸ӿռֶԭӿռĻֶλǡֽطǾͿͬˡ
СʹѪӳ֡ű䡯֮ʹýӿռͬʱӵСľˮ硢סáڤȾԣŹ˿ռ䣬ʹܹû
һҪռ䣬ҲԽ̻ͽԼͨΪΪ֮ƹ̿ռ䣬ڵܴܲ飬ǾͲ˵ˡ
С׵һųֶܹΣǱáܱ顯ƵֶΣȡһЩ֮Ȫۣȵȣռ֮Уϣѹӿռ䡣һӿռ֮Ҳ֮ࡣ
õ飬СֱʾԼֶοԽȡ֮󣬶˶ʱһļϣᣬֵɨһϾرɻǼռݣʹܷл֮Ҳ˵˽ȡ
һĵһĿ꣬ȻǺפصȪۣڵһȺţҲʲôڡ֮һٶȣʼȡĴ


İ ȡ
һ罣⼱ڵص񷶥ӹٶ֮죬˿Ȼ̾ѡʱվڽϣƺֹһ
ѾصĵգһնɱԣӡȪۣڶաͻԲõʵӡպ͵գæµʱΪС͵Ĺ
ȵȡȥʱͲһˣӡҲϣȻһ˾ûʲôôȥˣֱӻصȥѰ䵥ĵӣǾͲһ˼ķˡ
ϾȡӦһϸĻû˴ţעⷴáڿС׽ȡֶֶ֪֮벻עⶼѡ
뺮ԵȪ۵ϸͬС׳־ֶΡȻáֱ֮еֽ⿪һطнȡõƬ
ֶһʹóЧ˵Ϊƻ֮дһԶͷųһ˳Ũͬһ㳯˷ӿȥ޳ʥһıӿ
СҪʹطȡƬܳ֡ʶֵȺ㽻һϡΪҺϢƳ½ʿټк󣬷ҲֵסǷȺ
С׻ղŽȡƬһҲֵ˰ȺʵǿҲŪļƣ
ȴ˵ǵõƬÿһ鶼ռԭһҵȻȲÿܱ֮еǿʢҲʮ˵ˡϾȡֶΣһûСطѰԪӤֶһܹ
СȻȡһԼĽӿռ֮УȻȲҲԳϲһһΪûӿռ䣬ʶֻƬװΡ
ȡƬ֮һһͣĳȪ۱ȥһλȥȪۻû±ռ졣
ɷֹС׸ȡȪۣһ赲Ⱥ
һγֵĿɾͲֹȺˣһħŵӾȻҲ˳ǼһָźԶԸһȺ޵ʱǵһ뷨ǳԾԾʿȻнᵤޡ
ǵڶ뷨ǳû١ǿһ֮ʶ׼һƺԶԸ޵ʱһɱ֮Ӷõᵤޣô˿һƷرΪԵѪǿһ㶼Ʒرˡ
̴ö죬Ϊ˷ֹԵĻԮרŷֳһסԡһֲŷ֣ԼжΪ˶Ըһ㹻ˣһ˾Ȼܹûһٵֱ仯Ľʱֻһ;
һʽֲѣɱ˵͡һ˵ص֮УֱӼӵɱʮˣ޸ǲһȺײǹϡ
һġ⽣ݡ̺ĳʹѪӰ֮Բܵ˵ûһ˿Ƕһ˿ûֶΣʶ˶һ¡
Щ˱һ׷ϣҲ˱һţ˵ʲôݻвһ£Щһ£ο˴ǽ϶ǰĵص硣
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ȪƬҲ˽һյĹ򡣲ԣȪͱܱ顯СȡܺͽɵȪֱӱ»ָ̬ԲشҲȼһ
ƻһԥ⣬õƬ֮һûһںΡϾ֮࡯ҲȡﲹˣѲӶıʡ
ȡƬ֮С׵Ľ֮£һðһգȡõƬǡֿռ䲻ȹ̻Ҫǿϲ١
ʶϢ֮һͣĳȥ
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ͷţԺܹڽӿռ֮ԳƣԺԴԴϵĺƣ㲻÷Ҳйʯˡ
ʱպһʮĵطڹӵֱӳһ˹ڹ˵ϢаȻħŵӡ


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û뵽ڻ䵥ɵӣֵǣߺ˺ü磬ǿҪһС
صףɱϰޣҪһսɵӵĻõĲϣ˭Ҫ
ٺ٣ҿɲҪǣֻҪһѪȻһ㣬ҲԴһҵѪˣ
ڹ֮дȻѾһһʺƣ⻰е˼ƺӶ⣬ҪҲˡ
һһ㵽ȥһû뵽Ȼעˡͷһǹһ˿Цͣסڹɹ
һͣס⣬ڹ֮еħŵ΢΢Ծһ֮зЦٺ٣㵹ʶ֪࣬ӲȻԸðֵܾ͸һʹˣ
һ䣬ڹ֮һЩ붼ǹʣȻ޵Ĺʱһ㳯һɨ˹
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һɽҲãָһһǰ׹֮УһžĴ죬ûһ׹밾һ棬Ȼը黯Ƿۡ
ʲôܣ㵽ʲôˣڹ֮д֮
ʲô˶֪ǰɱңҪϷƣǿЦ֮
ֵǲҪ£˶һ㶼ԽϵĺôԽ࣬ҿɲҪְԽֶ࣬ԽðΪ׵ĺڹæųһö׹Ƿֱӳһ
ҲΪһܹһͬʱ֣һѪɫкһöȭһ˹
һһЦָ㣬ųʮֻ죬ǰ׹ǷѪֱӴɣǹȭȻһͬھ
һԳԾħ䣡
ǵųȭĺڹ֮Գһδ󺺣һƤװԳ⺷ζһţЦүҳսħţóľħ䣬СǲˣˣԹͶʹ죡
սħŵһҲֻרħȴҲټǵһħֻ֡ԾԾɲᱻħŵ
ħΣѵһ㲻ɣҪħҵĳ
һ֣ɢӫӫġ׽
ʲôȻзɽǼֵʯð̫ˣֵǣɱͷˣ
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νΪΪʳֻ뵽ֵǮûʹ÷жһɱһмһЦ֮£ֻһնư׹ǷڶնѪУֱƿħֵʮȭ
֮ħŵӶʱԭأΪƣǣ֮Ѫħ㶵Ŀһûſ񣬶ŨŨĿֻš
ôҪһʹôô֣ĳ֪ʹʲôоأ
⻰Ϊð׹Ƿħŵɫһ䣬еաǡ⽣͡նħֵǿܰ˵ţȳɱȥ
һͻı仯Ūһ㶣û뵽ԼݾȻ˾֪ˡüȻ¶ȻߵһЦ׽һӡͼʮӰɴܶ˲ʵʣͬ۾һ㳯׷ȥ
⽣ٶȻǴţһ򵽰ٽ⾳磬ʱٶȱѰ𵤶Ȳ̸Ϊħŵӡ
ߵҽУΪһ⣬˱ʮ׹⽣ضȻĲˡΪ׵ħŵӣҲù׹⽣ֱ֫ӱ˻
ħŵӣһ˵֪һЩ飬ʵң˵һ·ǲʵҲð죬ɱȥץһ˾ˣ
⻰ħŵӵͷæ˵˵ʲô˵ֻҪС
һ˵ͷã˵˵ηֵģЩʲôޣΧħΣԼ֪ҵݡ
ħŵʹڵһ֮ǰ
֮һ֪еҲԼħŵӷѡĵصȴѡġǵͼһ÷ϵ޾ۼء֪һж˵壬ֵطҪҲˡ
Ϣ֪ǴƬ֮һȻ˵һﵽصʱ㱻֣һһͷءͷ޾ȻļޣᵤĴڡʶħһĵӶûа취ô
Ϊ˾ۼħӷ׷׾ۼӾۼﵽһʮˣƽóŵơ
Ϊδһӱϳ֪ǡնħȴһ˽һϢȾޱȵġٽ⡯֮ƣ˻ɣ෽֤֮ǰҲй²һǡնħ˵ڶӲſ϶˵ħŵӶУ


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һЦһУС׵ڲôõݱ˷ˣ͵ȥҲˣֱ֪ӽһȺնɱ˱ǣ㱾֣ǺҲɡڿкڣ
һԣ΢΢һЦʵСѣһɳ죻ѣһˡ仰
Сһʣɵɻ˼ǣ
һЦݷȻԶܷˣνһʱƽ˾⡮̡Ҳֻһʱһ̤֮·עˣӭͷϵľͲܶܡص磬ûи߲㳤ϼأħ˭֪жֶΣ̣ƣҲǲܵġʵչ¶ʵһˣܹС鷳һ֮Ӷ㹻ĺôʺϵ
Сԣ˵һ飬Ҳǻ۵ģȴƻģ
һȻ仰ҲúƤȻܣֻܿЦСһ֮󣬼Ԧɽٳȥ
˴һԦⲢûнһԲֵζɢûñ˺üʶ̽顣аȻĵӶע⵽Ĵڡ
ӽĿʮʱվħһȳ֣ĵڹѪֱһǰ
ԳħŵӡʱǿһɫЩأΪһһаϢ¾ҪҶŵӡ
ΪҲһͷǫĹ˹֣λߴطˣ˴ħŵӵ̣󴳣ȥݹǳֲˣ
һڨڨһЦ˵ħû뵽Ҳռˡһǫȴħŵأ
һǼĻֻ΢΢һЦһѪɫƣѪɫ䵶ȴŭȵ˵ôʲôֱɱ˱ǡ˵ţһĥպյӣʱҪɱ
һԣͷЦ⻰ħŵ˵⻰Ҳֹһˣֻǰ漸˶ûʲô³֪û׼
ʲôΪŻסүңȻүҾһ̣˵˻Ҫ֡
һʲôæסѪӣ˿ɹķͷķӦ˿أûеõʲôϢ͵ѵ
λѣմǰ·ӦħŵӣҲ֪ǷǷʲô죿
һһۣЦҷž˵ˣЩ˿ڳԣȻûʲô³ҵħҲ˵ֻһ֣
ɫ΢䣬ڡ⽣һ
û뵽ĳͷȻħȥˣˣȻ³ҲˣҾһ
һϣɫ˼ʲô˹ֵȻѣǾͻȥɣȻʵǿ˫ȭѵ֣ǶҲռ˶ٱˣ
һΪԼһƣȻҪٴһŸݣû뵽ȻھҪԼߡٺһЦ˵ͷһʶʱΪܣתͳνɵվ̷ȥ
ʱһȴǡնħҳ֣նɱţɵô󹦰
仰Ӧŵ֮һоĹħϢʮǷǹ죬ͣаϢӺȻû۾о֪Է׼ȫһۣҪһɱԼ

һһЦתʮϷųֱӺһƬ֮Сһӱ㽫һħŵȻ׼ҹҲǰǿ˲٣һһһǿһһ𣬵ڶ
ŵڶһָһһϸշɳ䣬㻯ٵ⣬̳һһ㳯ħŵѹ˹ȥ
⽣֮£ǵڶ˲ֱֱӱħ򱻴ðŷɻСһƬħžѣҪûʱͻᣬֻæˡ
ʲôôôǿÿһⶼʮ
˻ǹôôལ⣬ôǿԣһ۷
ʶĹ㣬һ߷ɶݣһ߾Ĵе⽣ٽǡٽ⾳ôܣ֮жûܹﵽôܣ


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һЦѣ֪ǡ⽣͡նħȴ֪ҵֶΣǾȻ͸͵Ϯǲ֪ôд
ٵ׷Ĵӵ˴ʱǺĪȻɵõһݡɵȴһʶǾΪƾ֮һ´󹦣ԺصҲܵõ
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⻰ɫ˲ٹ˲ʲôװģвСӣҪ񣬵ħŸǰɣ
ħ˾ħˣμٰ磬ҲǸĲˡΪĳǼֵ֧Ԯǰôߣȥɣ
һ䣬ٵ֮ϺҫĹâٶȶȻһһ˶ʱˣӴҽһ㳯·ȥ
ʱһɽ·նһħŵϡħŵӱˣû뵽·͵Ϯû׼֮£㱻һģڵ
һһǹһ˿ЦϽָһ󣬰ٵʮԸʣµˡʱÿ¶ʮ仯ˣÿ˾ҪԸǧ仯
һħŵӣֵһٵ仯ҽһڽ֮£ǿǼٶ仯ۼ֧ʱæ
һҪıǵλһЦֱӳֿһԾĽǶȴɱȥˡ
նɱ֮һն·˿ڵһѣһٹĳҪˣ
һ΢ϤŮߺʦ
һ䣬ݹһǰԳΣȴŮӣġ
һ״üͷ΢֪λкμ̣Ϊ͵͵ĳ
⻰뵽ǰһֱɱ˵磬ͷŮɫЩΣŵѼ£ҵȲ٣ֻǴ˴ħ紦ҵѲˣɵӵϢ˴ɵһħŶ֣û뵽Ȼ㡣Ե֮նɱħͷϹˡ
һԣͷЦȻ֪Է˵ӣԼǰħһȴȻǴ̽Լ˼ֻû뵽ԼôɱħŵӣǲŲò
һͷЩ㣬ҲΪǣ˵ͷԭˣã֪ڵӿڴˣüһ
ΪŮæЦ˴ŹͬжȻйɵӣʱǹɵĻʦ֣ʦ˵ʦ飬ҲʮָˣֻʦٲѰҲˡ
һ˼һתԼɴ֮ʱһԼʹóʮù⡯ɽһӡڴҲ̸ϲֻǸоЩأƺʲô֮ӡ
ͷȻжƣȴô½˼·֮ſڵȻǻʦ֣ȻҪȥһģλʦǰ·ɣ
Ҫ֪һ¼֮˽Ϣפأ˱ֳɿҶΪһЩˣһ̫ΪţΪڴΪףһΪΪ
ȻҲмɣǾ貨ţһΪٵõһЩӡ⣬ȴӣһҺ֣֮£һȲҲϲ
ŮΪ貨ŵмɣλʦ׼Ԯͬӡ֪һ֮󣬱ԵƬ̣һʵΡ˭֪һ𺳡뵽ôһּӪȡȻмôűֵ
һԼߣȻˣ·˵һ·Ͻһħŵ˵ŮգһԴ˼˽ࡣ
ûãһƬ֣һУⲢֻ֣沼󷨣ɱ󣬻ǲ˴죬ѰУҲҪ˲ܳ
ʦ֣ɵӵפˣ
ãǾȥɣһ˵ͷȳȥ
ʦСģ沼󷨡
һܣֻǰ˰֣֮СҲ֣Ȼ󻹲Щ򣬵ȴܷ֣ȻЩ˿Ƶ󷨣֮
ڴʱһߴͬʱһǰһ˲һɱϣһù⳯˹


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ȱ仯һüͷ΢壬չһЦø˫һַǲֻ̫¶ۼ㲻ø
˵䣬̧һ㣬һˮɫ󷨺¶ŻһһУý󷨶˫һɱ
ǣһϷֱˮɫ֮У˲Ϣ֮䣬֮в˸ʽıһɱ˹
ǧãԻˮϣԽˮȻ˵ãȻǻһжãסĳ
һһһֱƿеӰֱӸһ˫ϵ󷨡̹Ȼ˳
ܿ죬󷨳һǰֻЩǱ仯ת裬߸̫ûһܹ赲ĽŲһ·ʮֱ¡
ںһɱ֮һƬһǰԼĪʮˣֳվǰ濴һ
Ա֮һƿԿڵӣΪ׵ǻЦЦȻʦܣɴһҲûмʦˣû뵽ʦ㲻ɣҹϲɺذ
һ⻪оԷΪ٣ȻǰԲòͻƾ磬ȴҲࡣԷʾ⣬Ҳ΢΢һЦ˹ֵʦ֣Ƕ˴εصЩˣҲӰˣ
ǺһЦʦܹǫˣʦܵʵ㲻μӴ˴ҲǸ֮еĸ֣Һμˣҵɵִǿѹħˣ
ʱһгУҶһҵ˭㵨ΪȻҷ󷨽ʲôħСȴûϵλʦܡ
һ䣬һӴҶ֮Խڶ˵Ҷ֮д磬һȴͬһۣһĿ㣬мֽ͵ζ˵Ҷһִ˵صĵӡ
⻰һڣȴһһЦѴԲӣʦǧͶȴǱǲ룬ǻΣοʦֶܵοɲǿЩԲһҲͿ
˵Ȼͬ⣬˴ɣ൱㵱Ƥ
ͬʱһʦܣҶڴ˵֮ˣΪʵǿһҲһޡҲԩ޳𣬵һ£ҶųЩСûõʲôô㽫Щϡ˴ǰǻҲҶţڣʦıǡ
ûĴһȻûмϣ˭ˣʦҲͬ˼֣Ĳ˵ȻΪ˵ٲֳļһҶŵʲôһ㶼¡Уһɱ֣Ūɱ
ڻƤʱ貨һ߳һ˴ԼŮԴĿһһۣʦ֣Ҳ˵ȴλʦܵĲԣЩҲ˼Ϊ˷ֹħŵ͵ϮƻҲҪһΪǣ
ҶŵʩѹܳƤ貨ŵҲԣҲɵЩȻ֮д󲿷ֶǴŮã㲻ɵͷЦʦܰʦܣ溰䲻͵ˣΪʲôҪ룬µã貨һȺŮҲˣˣˣǿɣ
뵽Ҫڽͣȴһ貨ŮӿǴһǰŮӡ
ʦ㣬ʦҴģʲôԵĵطұǣֻҾãʦֵļ룬ȻҷʵȻҪʦֵļȴҪ
⻰ǻʦɫڣŮ촽һȻƬ֮󣬻ʦʲô˼ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʵʦԷ飿
ʦ뿴һˣ˵ţŮӴӴ֮ӳһʬǰһ֮󣬱͵Ϯɱħŵӡ
ʦ˼֣˵ͷʵȴҲֻһʬ壬ܹ֤ʵ
һԣ²ͷЦȻʲôطҪʵܹ棬ҺЩûȫι˺ԣÿԵשأ
ţǹһ˿ЦԭλʦҪĳʵǲ֪Щ㹻㹻
˵䣬һһ֣ʮʬ屻˳Щʬ϶ħգȻħŵɡڳ˶йɱ˵ľ飬һ֮ɱôħŵӣʮֳԾڳЩ˶ѡ
ʦ㵽λŮӵĴΪһһӳʬ뵽һӾʮߣ˴ħŵӵʮ֮һһ㡣˵˫ɱˣҪ࣬ȴȺսһֻһ˶ѡ˵һʵֳһֱɵЩ˶˼֡
ʦҲɫһףѸٻָԭ廪˵ͷʦ֣ʦܼȻʵնɱôħŵӣ貨һͬ˴ж


 ǿƼ
ԣɫѿ˼֣ʱͬʱжѾͬһ룬ҶŶ֧һʮʬȴ𺳡һҲ˵ʲôҶŵӱȥˡ
һȻ֪˵ƻʲôҲļƻһǼɵӪһٲ޺ħŵʱ򻹵ɵӣͬʦֵԼĺˡ
һЦʦԭ׼ɱﵣʵ˵
һ̡ܽʱǻʦ貨Ů
æһһʦܣλ貨ŵĽܳӣɺʦãΪ˵ó󷨣Щ󷨴඼áֻǰٿ󷨵ĿɲǻɺʦãҪҪûôˣ
һɺûʲôϲŭ˹ֵɺʦ㣬лǰʦ֮ԡ
ɺ΢΢һЦʦܹˣʦܴҲжţֻǲ֪ʦʵ˵ãǰ£ʦȫĺضλʦõ飬ʦڴлˡ
˵ţĺضŮӺ˳Ů򸣳ʦ֡صҺȻûֱͻڣҲó˼֣һЩ
һŮûʲôر˼뷨Ƽˮ꣬ù۾͸ô˳Ҳͳһ㡣ˣأ϶Էֱˬ㲻ϧͳҺģ䲻ȴҲʲôᣬ˵ͷñԹ
˵ǻɺ󷨣һ˫ϲֶĸȤѯһûǻɺǴ˵ˣȻȲǰԣȴҲ԰Ρ
һѧֳһȻɺȤһ֮󣬻ɺŮǰΪһʵѹķоȻɢ¶ϵĺø
һ̸һŽɺΪ׵貨ŮߡλʦһЦĴȤû뵽ʦܳʵǿԸŮҲһװ
һڨڨЦݣû˵㿪ڵ߰ɣʦҲҪһطϢ˵ű˳һȥ
ĿĵؾһƬɽ£汻ͳපȻϴмƣ˵ڵӵפءһҲѡһطûʱڳһԲһһ
֮󣬱лͷǰ̽ʦֵҲ½ǰҶͬڵӣ޵ĵصǹϵΪܵĴڣܿǽһ֪һ߳׷ǰ̡
һһȴǵһ飬ҲĽԼһЩҷһܿͲò˵ĺøСڼһһЩΪʳ˼̻ߣȻٺòܿҾʦֳʦ̵ֶĽ
һһֶζڻСûһ˿յвӣּɣƲ֮£һڵ֮л˲͵
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ҹһڶ֮еǰſȥǻһգһЩصʦֻЩøУϴ˴мƻȻὫ֮⣬æӭ
Цݣűʦ֣
һʦֿˣʦǰȻҪ̸ֻ˵
ԣһЦʦܹȻı֮ǰҪʦһ˴ι顣
һͷ⻰ҲԾ˵ͷʦֻ˵ʦϴ
΢΢һЦʦҲӸ֪һһʲô©Ȼ˵˵˴εļƻɡ˴ᣬҪɵӪħӪԼͷᵤΪɵ£ڵӶʮˣʮˣʮˣҶŵӶʮˣʮһˣʮˣ貨ŵӶʮˣʮˣʮˡħһ
һһħʵԱȸ֡ͱ濴Ȼɵռһ֡ȻҲһնɱħŵӵĹħһܹԸͷᵤ޵ʵ
ͷǻԣ貨һȺŮӴ붼ˮԹͷǿơħŵ֮ваֶΣơʶɵԸͷᵤȴǸռ˱ˡ


 ᵤѻ
ԱʵڵʦҲˣɵһռƣʱѾ࣬ʶҷ׼һжҪһ
һ˵ͷ˲ϣռȻҪʽһ䷴·硣
һʾͬЦʦԲҵ뷨ҪͬʱԸħźҵȴʵ㡣ʦص¹ˣʵҲˣֻǴ˴δսʦһһҲЩΪѡʦֵʽ㣬֪ʦǷԸ룿
һȻ⻰˼ȴҪԼ̬Լ̬ȻҲܼжֻΪͨݣһЩѰ飬ֵħŵ֮ࡣǱ̬ԼʵǹӣȻõôĻҲӡ
еѡһҲ룬ͷȻ룡
ԣһáʦܿϼ룬ҷʵʱɹļӲ٣˵˵ãʦ˵˵Լ뷨

ڶ峿ڻĴ£ڣ貨ţҶɵٴһáȴո˼ˣȻƽʱѲߵĵҲط
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ڳĶ֮УһĽȻǰͷһԼ֮ǰһ·貨ŮӡŮƣǴɺһ֮貨ŮӵġһȻݴ˻λӡʱ뵽ΪʲôǰһջԼţԭĿĴڡ
һ˷ɵʮʱڹ𣬶ʮѶ˷ȥ
üͷһ壬ͺȵɱ
⻰ʮҶŵӱȥɱڹ⡣ҲҪ֣ȴһס
ʦǹҪԸޣڲķúã
˵䣬һ̧һָ׽ֱûʮ⣬衣ž죬дѶ鿪׽ϻһöһС
Ƽ״һֶһһħҪһʱ֪ɵһĶˣһһöɻʵʦһöʲôô
ԣһ¶һ˿Цöûʲôôʦ֣ûʦ󷨲һȻô
ָܱݴӣȻޱ֮ˣͷһת֪һ⣬ԭҪöնʹħмơ뵽˴΢΢һЦ˵ħ֮˽ƻû뵽ʦǻƻ
һһЦȡһɽ棬̧һף÷ɽħŷȥ
ʱҲħŵնɱһҲ˵ЦɫӲһһߡ˼ȥ
һ·ȥħѲߵӡǰһ㣬˽նɱһٴδöѶ
ڣһҲǵһν֮
һҲľǰͬǻ֦ʵĻ𾧣Ҷ䶼ǻ𻨻磬һеһжǻûϣһСݴС񳲣ǾͷᵤޣѻĳѨʱǳѨֻ֮һȻͷᵤѻȻһͷ볲֪ʲôȥˡ
˵ļƻ֮ڣЩʱѲߵӶͷ޵ϰԡÿÿʱһͷᵤѻ볲ȥһͷسСʱǷֶ֮ĺûᡣ
νʧʧϤηֹѸٵű׼ùĶһɹǿĵǰֱƴ貨ŮʩչˮԷѹƻѻĻԡ
һ֣һЦʦʵǿ罫һΣ
һͷףһ󣬵Ҳ޼ǺޣҲѹȣᵤѻǹЦһۣȻãĳҲˣ
˵ţָգ׷ʱһƽ㱻׽֮Сͬʱһѹȵƴһɢ
һͷȻһ˿ֵĸоʲôƣǿ󣬱ȽʿҲѷɫǽʿ
λĳˣ
һ䣬һ̧һ׽ǴޱƵ׽ʱٵ⣬˷ǻѻѨ˹ȥ
ۣ
һѻӳѨ֮д̶һӳȵϢһͷչĻѻڷɶ𣬴ʱĳϵѪܿЩѪ㻯棬ȼ˿Ҳʧ


 Χɱѻ
ԣǿԸߵͣ򽲾ѪѪԽǸ߼ԽǾԶԽǴԽãܹﵽˮ׼ĿԽߡ
ʶСѪһ˳£ɻǾûġ֮ӦģͼޣѪµѰޣǵõʲôһҲгɾ͡
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ļѻᵤޣ˵δţǾǵõôĴڡʱһԵһͷᵤѻǰδеĴڡ
һһºֱ֣ӽٽֶʩչûѻڳеʱͰٽ뷢û뵽ͷѻȻЩⶼû˵һЩѪˡ
һͷ޴ĻѻͷһͷϢȷʵǻѻҶǲǱʲôˡ
λʦܣ֣Ȼһһ֮һҲû˴ҶŵԷ׷֮ͬǰ˵һ㣬ѻɱȥ
λʦܣҲϣһ״΢΢һЦڵҲȥ
λʦãٳ֣󣡡һ貨Ůӷ׷Ӧŵԭأһ𷨾ùɹɺ׼ʲô
ͷѻúõĴڳѨ֮УͻȻ⵽Ϯ˺궼ûܹ˺˲䱩ŭһ۱㿴һǰ⣬ΪоϢǹԼˡɱһйߵʱȴ⽣Ӱ̶ǰ
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ռƻһ֪ʱΪ˺ֶʱ䡣ҲʹʲôֻǹһЦŻѻ
һ֮ٱѰ𵤻ҪһѻȻǽᵤݣóٶȵ࣬ڳ׷ȥȴһë̲СѻʧȥȤҪɳ
һĿڶѻҪȥȻӦһЦֱ̧㽫׽ųԶԶһѻȥ˴λѻȻ׼ȴҲĽ˲ٻ۵۴Сٴγһ׷
㣬һǻѻڽɵ֮ȥѻһȥַһ¡ʱҲӼŽڻҲų͵Ϯ¡ûѻҽУȴҲҪ׷ˡ
ΪᵤޣѻҲӦǻۣһʱ䣬ŭȥҲƷԾһ׷֮󣬱ٲһĹڳҪ
ʱ貨һȺŮʩչġҲ׼ˣֻƺˣ
ûѻ֮ǽٲ֮Ӳ赲Ƿ׷˱ܿȥȡ֮赲ڻѻǰһڿеĺȥ֮һһɵ
ۣ
֮Уˮ˻𣬻ѻϢУľԣһۻ⣬㳯˹ȥ
ЩǶʮ貨ŮۣǿҲȽᵤʿ˷ֺѻȻ»潫ڻ٣ܿ죬ᣬڻٶ൱ѻѲ
ûѻȻ⡮סָһ㣬ȵʱ䲻ˣڵ
һ£н޵ӣ貨Ů֮Ҳһ׷׷롮֮Уֳǻѻɱ˹ȥ
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ʶڡ֮УҲʮżֱԭŨĻԽԽϡ˵Ļֱӱ󡯸ˡ
ԻѻǻۣҲ֪Լơһʱ֮䣬Ϊᵤ޵ϣԼǰЩСķŭѻױ۴м𾢿󣬾ˣηĳЩһɱ˹ȥ
ɵڵӣĿıնɱѻޣԼ֮ıòײúסѻλΪѻı֣һɫȻʩչսǷųѻȥ
ʱֻһ޴α飬һͶʮɫ⻪һ


 ͻħ
貨Ŵµ֮һ֣һࡣˮԣпƻáɵһɱᵤѻɱﵡ
⡮֮УѻȵĻѹƵͣΪ׼Ӱ죬貨Ůӻܵõӳ֣ˮԷʩչ˼֣ԸѻпЧԣһˮŮӼȵͬ޵ս
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Ҳû˹Ͼǰ治ǵһǺ涺ѻȫڳѰʿǵ񣬾ܹõɣ̫£һܼսҲܿɹˡ
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Ĵ죬ڵӻǺϻ͵ϮϧĽдʩչ̶ʱ䣬㽫ʧȥĻѻñˣԭĻҲ룬䱾нᵤΪܹתУˤȥˡ
ˣͷѻİѳɶֻ֣һ̻һ̰ˡ
Ϊʤȯյʱ򣬺һХԶѪڹͬһ㳯ҹ
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ʱ鲻ֻæȥסǣԸѻնɱ֮ٽһ򾡡
⻰û˶һ֮תͷȥһɽ⹹ɵĳӴ֮ȥⳤվĲһ˭ˡ
סնɱѻ
һһ䣬ҲηӦαŽɳ󣬶ٵ⻯һƬ棬õħӵǰҧҧӱ㳯ѻɱȥҧгݵȻȫԸˡ
һ赲ǰȻǰٵҲЩ壬˶ħŸ֣Ϊһ˾ܽס
ʦ֣Сѵ˲ɣ
ҿǷˣȻһ֮סˣ
ȻǾͳȫɣ˭֣
ϲֲ֪ߵغëͷСˣ
˵ţǳòŮǰһȻЩеĳһ֣Сֵܺ䣬˵ţ»СֵҲ̫һЩȻסˣ֪ôдôͶʯȹ£Ҿͷһ·Σ
һԣ֪¾ʲôħŵ֮еĸ֣ħڵµӡûо£ֻǴĵ׵ĶģһЦǲǳţ»Ҳһ˵ˣĳǰҪסǣ
һЦָҪסǣѵҪǣãϼǣҲǲԷһŶ
ǣߣȻҲǣ
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Ҫǣ
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һҡͷЦҲҪҪ
ҪҵҪûģüһ̧־ϰö룬һ


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Ȼ㲻϶Ǿֱȥɣ
һһָĵһٵ΢΢һͬʱͬһ㳯ȥһ棬з뾡飬ٵԼٳɱȥ
Сģ
ħŸֱۿһĸ𣬵ٵһ̸оԾߺͬʱæҪ־Ԯ
ðٽһҲовͬовһҲæ׼ֶεֵ
ˣ
һһЦָһٽٶȶȻӿ죬ͬӱ赲һ㣬ֱӳǿõļطƿϷ¡ϴֻɽѪĭǷۣûĴڡ
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һûй˼뷨˼ֽ̧ٽջɵĮĿһۣҪľǰߣ
⻰ħŸͷһæʵ㵽ʲôˣ֮ѵɱȴұô
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ʲôǡ⽣һնħҲ㣡
һĿһۣʾЩħŵУȴĬˡħŸ໥˿촽΢ڽʲô
һԹۣһپϣĳɾͳˣ
⻰ħŸ֮ɫͬʱ𣬴ɣһֳͬһ
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ԭֶΣصһʱزһҽҿǵĹƤɣһ֣ٽɢȥֱӳӰն˹ȥ
Ӱƺû뵽һܹץסǵвأʩչֶεֵ⣬ˣٽǵα¶˳ʱѾԽһķߣֻаɲ
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һһȥħŸַɽʮɵĵطֱǰ棬ֳֳһЦ
Ҹƴħŵ֪˵ʲôûãһţһŨѪ˳˫ȻҪʩչһħ
ߣ̫ˣһһЦһһ֣һоޱȵĽУͬ׹һֱԷš
ۼǰ֪ʮط׷飬ѾߣԼħһϢʱ֣ܳħŸƴĹɴ߾Ҫʱ
һĳһû٣һ±㴩ضֱӱʵ÷飬оѪתϵĴҲ̥С
ĲҽҲ·ϣΪһһ𣬽ƬƮɢ
һһֵնɱһħŸ֣ķôʱ䡣ڳпһĻͷֻоһԼͬڿԼһּܹС
ܣʣħŸִʱûܹȡñ֮ܶһĻɱʶֱѡ˷Ҫܡ
Ӳˣ
һָһӣٽԷ˶ʮǰסħŸ֡
һħŸּˣæģҪѵ㻹Ҫסô
ǰҪߣĳҲĳ˵ĹأߣǾͲˣԣǶ£
¡ֳڣһһݱ㳯ǰ˵ħŵӳȥǹһ˿̵Цݣһֲɱʹζ
ħŸȡ˵һ˵ĽѵҲʩչʲôУѸٵֵһĽ⡣ⷽҲΪȡ˼ʱ䣬Թעˡ׽һ֮ٽСмܲסܿҲҽһǰߵĺ󳾡
һչ¶ʵպգʮնɱһħŸ̶֣ʱֻʣħŸֻ֣˱ǰ漸˶ΪʵȻ˵ʮϱ仯еĽ⣬Щ᧿ΣȴҲӲסûֱӱɱ
һʰһˣۣѣҪϾɱɣ


 ţͷ
ԭħӣѹܼôãǲĳȣѵҪҷŹǲɣһЦſħһ۵
ħԱڵǺ˼֣һһŭħӣ˵Ҳ棬սǲģģб¾ɱң
ս죬ħӣãı㣬ܹ㵽ʱ򣬼ȻҪĳͳȫ㣡
һһ㳯ս˹ȥָչһ׹⽣һһޱȵĽ˳
һɽսⲼõķͬһ㱻ơȴ޾ɫ¸һЦĴɱ˫һϣһֽ˫֮䡣
¸¸¡мģҾҪҲҪ汳ġѪս֮սħ
ڣս챾Ϳͬһ㣬͵ڵƤҲԳ
Ա֮һһû뵽ԷսħŵµӾȻңͷãҪ齣ȥȴгȻεļڶԷ˫֮Уͳ֮
һɣսħ
һսദһѪ⣬ѸɢǴΪģչһޱȵıըѪ⣬ը˷ɢȥ
е˸ýԶ󷨵ֵûʲôӰ죻ýϽħǰѽʹһ˶ȥһͱըΣⱬը֮ը˲֦ɣϵĳѨҡҡ׹
ɵ־֮ɫƵһõĵӾ֮иЩǣ粻һ֮󣬴һٳѻɱ˹ȥ
ǣһڹԶ˹ǸոӶݵħ˭ˡ
һЦϲսСӻ뽫ϣû뵽ӵÿ죬ξ͵˺£ҳǸģĳһ֮ɣ˵ţЦĿ֮ŭŲѵһۣԼٳ˹ȥ
ħӷɹս챬ըĵطʱһ䵭֮ɲôģҪʱɥ׼
ħͬ˹һ㣬ɫˢһףæеܣ㾹Ȼû
ЦһԱȥĳɲôȡģ
һХͣħǰһɣʱһƶûУ۶û𻵵
սԱû˵㣬㵽ǹ
ĳڻˣϾҪɹˣϻ˵Ҳȥɣ
֣һתһһӳɳʮÿһаֱ仯һգ۾ǧĽʩչֱӳħնɱȥ
һ̣ħӻæвһоٶԽԽ죬仯ԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿĽУо֮ɫҲԽ֪Լȥ²ʮϢҪⳤ֮¡
һ˿֮ӿԺħӴһַ̧ųħЩħը֮ȻСһĽУҲԵֵȴΪӮһʱ䡣
ħ˫ͨ죬Ц֮һöڤͨģѪΪ٣
һ䣬ħɭЦ˲̣һӾԶϢӵصܳһ˿һƶĸоͬʱħӵѸٻΪŨѪʵΪһöѪڿСصɢϢһöѪ飬ҪöѪΪԨ֮
ħ֮ǶǣƺĲħͷ꣡һüͷ΢壬ȴûо֮ɫ෨Ҳ٣ħǹħԸҲЩħ
һ̶˻һҺͬڤϢӵص׳һӰסûѪŤϢʱ仯һֳţͷ
ţͷĹ֮ںȵȺˣȻѵҪ򲻳ɣ
һȴû뵽Էǣܿԣûп˼̽ǺˣѾˣ£Կȥ
ţͷû뵽һҴ𻰣ᡮסһͷڤˣԭһС޲֪ˡڤܲᡷȻɵҪɱˣߣɲЩʲôħȵͼôΪ£
һԣɻ󣬲öԷأҲԸ֣Ҳý֦æֵȻˣȥɣ
ţͷԺٺЦǣνѣȻЩôôߣţС޲棬Ҿ㣬ͽһ£ȡһɣ˵ţ¸һЦ̧־ͳһץ˹


 ս
һ׼⣬ţͷ˶ץһһ㽫ٽֱӳˢȥ
ţͷ˾ȻΪֻǵһ䣺Ϣȴ̫ҡҡͷָܻ䣬վץ˹
ڽҪˢֵʱ򣬱ţͷζһ£ͬͶӰһ㣬ܽãýֱ͸˹ȥβԽԽԽԽһץ˹
ôܣһû뵽ɵóһֻ֣Ҳовв˵ţͷΪжǿһֱһһܱץסץסҪСĴۡһҪһԶȥ
ţͷ˼״¸һЦһһСɽһͳһûһٶ֮죬һܲĸо
㲻ɱһɫһ࣬˲롮Ψľ֮ʱںϵ׽֮ӿ׽֮УͬʱԼĥ˺ܾõĽҲһԶ׽֮Сһ̣һɳҺͷϢ޼᲻ݵĽ͸һת㳯ִ˹ȥ
ףҲͰˣ⽣ô궼ûмֽˣףһ˿⣬Сһﵹͦ
ţͷڿ佱һȴʮƽҲջأƺһǷܹвԼ
⻪һ׽ֱ̣Ҫֻһʱ򣬴֮Ϲ⻪һҪٴλûαܿһͬʱ׽һ³ԸٶȳǴնȥá˻һϱһѺţͷǳʹһ㣬æջȥ
ԼϵѺۣţͷЩԾ⾹ȻѰȻҵڤпƣҲ⸱õĶ̫ˣֻŪһСĳ̶㽣ҲǿƲ˱أ
˵꣬ţͷ̧ͷһֲ棬ȵ߾СûҪһ֮㲻ʶ࣬Ҹҷ壬ǾͲҪֱ˸ٳҪȡǣ߰ɣڤɣ
˵ţţͷֲ棬һһָһӻɵľӸֲ֮дܳ
һҪ㿪ͷһֻôԺסֻܶǵɵľԼ
ǣһȴС׵һУһͷСС񣬾ףűȱڤܹ֮ȥȡãû뵽ձǱɾͲˣȫ׳ɣ
С׻һ䣬һһӸеԼϵĽȡ̧ۿȥһɻɵľԼǰһɫգǾβһľŵ֮еġڤ֡
ţͷ״γ֮ɫԴֵĿһʲôֶȻܹȡڤ֮ãǱ㾡ȡηڤ˵ţͷ˴һ˸ֲ㳯һ˹
ͷԳڤĴڣһֻЩֶΡС׳ֽڤ֮סԷһһЦͦǰҪһǰ֮ޡ
ʱ˸ʹ˱ڵվһֲ棬һг̣ÿÿײǻĽ
һţͷ˵ʱΪԷ淨֣Щţʮغ֮Ӧʩչÿÿһʮϰٵı仯ţͷ˴ˡ
ţͷŭȴⲻƣֲֽһɨһſʮԶճһһɹٴۣţͷ˱Ϳٴ¡϶ðƤ˸ͬһĹ
ȥɣ
ôһţͷŭţ˫ץֲϵ£͵ĳһ
һģһҲовĲ˵ͱȵ˽𵤼ħŸ֣ɫ䣬˲佫ɽͨӳĨðٵӰӳ׷ݻֱ仯
ٽٽһ֮
һȣٵӰصΪһÿһӰİֱ仯Ҳغһһ̣һһֱ仯Ȼһ˿˾ͽչ֡޽򽣡֮ʱĸо
һһ棬սľʱţͷ˺һͬʱֿţͷ˷ʮɲͣһԶ˰ҡ
ţͷһ⣬Ǽʲô־Ķȵ㣬ѵǷŵӣѹֻ֮ôǿѽãͺȻ֪ûгߣ˵һĺɲ֪ҶԷŵ֡ˣˣܲЩôǲˣҾҲһҪɱ㣬ôûɢԺհ
˵ţţͷ˳һڵøһʵţͷۡ


 
ţͷ˺Ȼ̸𡮷šһɵóһϾ֮һ˵ԼҲֻСԼԼ֪ЩΪм⣬ȴҲȫ
ƽ֪ŵȻҪһʣ˽һԼǷҪȥ˵ʲôɻûС
ȴǲͬţͷ˲֪ʲô裬ƺΪ¡šȻ׼Լնɱˣûʬ𼣣޶֤
оţͷڵϢһͷ΢ǰţͷȻоҲʲôٻ̫ӣ岢ûгˮ׼ΣƺţͷȼǱһ㣬ѸѾͻƵᵤˮ׼
ʱС׵һУһͷ񣬺ųţͷȻڤ֮СĲ۵ĽɫõԪӤһĸ֡ٻҲֻʵʩչһȼԪֶΣܹݽʵᵤˮ׼ʵѰᵤǿ˲٣ҳֻʤҪ֣ǲϧ¶ݣҪʤͺˡ
һ⻰֪С׵˼ǾԼֻ֣ǴСף׼ԼʵڲУг֡
СҲ˵ֻһ˵ŹĿʮǿǽ֮ʱʹҲԻΣ
ڴʱţͷҲˣһֲִ棬һţͷһɵĹɢȥ˼ƺһˡ
Ҳ鷳˭СǷŵӣǷɲôãȻδѱǲǼϸһҲֻнɱ𣬷žҲͻͷˣ
һʶһ̽־Ȼиãͷ΢΢һ⻰Ҳʲôŵӣ⻰˵ҲţҲ˵㲻һ񣬻Ƿһ˿۷Ҳ㲻ʲô֣ҪɱҾԼְɣСҷһɱ˲ǡ
ôĿȷʵĻʵȷʵ㹻ǿѾʩչ˴һĵġ
ãȻˣαض˵սɣ
һһ̨ͬʱĶҺһǱƤ棬Ϊһɫģӳһһ죬ʱһ㳯ţͷ˹ȥ
ɱ
ţͷкһվ˸ֲ泯һɱֲ浱սӣ˶ʱɱһš
һɱǰ˲ͬţͷʹȼԪֶΣһҲͨĶ˵Ѿﵽᵤˮ׼սǳѰᵤһһ棬ÿһеޱȣǻɫס˻ɱɢҪȫ𺳵˵
˵ţͷԪӤϾĴڣ֮ͬ£ӳʵԶͬȼһֲʹߣ֮Ȼһĳסǲ淨ͨ仯̫٣һӦսҲûôˡ
һԣǳһαͬѹŴ΢΢еͬʱҲԷľ磬ⲻһսһõ
Ҫ֪ѰԪӤּæԼͽҲָֻ㣬٣һѹˮ׼֮սһнϿѹʵ֮Ͼ̫ߣͬˮ׼ȴܹʤԶԣһҪģԸһĸֶսȴҲˡ
ţͷս֮УһĸһЩڲͬĶȴҲԼԼϵͳҪպŸ洦
ţͷҲоһͼڽսǧ֮ͻȻ˺ӿԪȼգ͵һʵܷӵľҲ֮һأʮ㽫һýЩ
оԷͻȻһ֪ԼͼƣҲ̰࣬ͷһת׼ֶʩչϽһΣһöȭͷСĺڻð˳
Ż棬ţͷɫһ䣬ŭһ㻹˵Լ޹أõ֤ݣ
һЦֶˣ˵ôϻʲôǷŻǵţֻҪɱȡʤҡ䡯
˵һָһָȭͷСһ𡣶ţͷȻС˵ܵͨĿƣһžȻҽֻСĶܡÿãһźɫռɫ֣ţͷ޶֮
߾С̫Ȼұľƣһ˿ͷҪҲҪ㳹ɱ𣡡
޿ɱܣٱܣţͷʱ𣬽ֲú磬ֵžͬʱ㳯һɱ˹
ʱһѻӲԶңԶĵطȻһѻӦ˵һͷѻʱȴǻسˡ


һ ս
һѻʮּ٣ԽԽȻڷٽӽóжϣڳɫ䣬ͷõͷѻҪʱҲܻôôͻس
ˣҲɲæеλʦʦã֣ҪѻУ
ҲڵľƣһǱ߿ʲôѻߣͷѻ룬ιʧܲ˵Ҳ١ΣͷڳӲɵӣһʵһ߶гǴĻѻȥ
˲ͬлѻһѻĺнϢȻȻһ䣬ǻѻ͸Ĺâϣһ־
ۣ
ڶ͵Ĺѻ߽һһȻԶ䣬۳ɴֱӳڶ๥ɨȥһѹƵĻȻ»ָȼգһ㽫йײȥ
һɫһ䣬벻ѻȻæȥá¡һǺʵϾȻһһ˴СĿ
ãƴס׻ѻҪʲôߺͬʱǰȥҪѻ
ѻѾڡȼԪֶΣһöתҲ棬ԿɼٶѸټСѾǰȫʤ֮ʱһ˵ֵסֻ÷׷˱ܡ
ѻһͷײǻպϵĿϣӴȻֻһ˴СĿ֮Уһʱ֮䣬Ѫɽһ̣Ƭ𣬱ˣȼĻѻڳ󡣸߽һͳһţͷ򶷵Ļɫײȥ
ʱţͷȴûѻײ֪һѻĹϵֻӪһġȫʢ֮ʱһͷССĻѻֻнᵤֱһټͷѻЩΪˡ
СС֣ҳǣڤ
ţͷƣæ˺󣬻Ӷֲ㳯ѻһָǹڤ֮ٴδֱӸڻѻϡȼĻѻҲ֮⣬ܲˣ߽űײ
һը죬ɫֶʱ飬ѻҲ׼ţͷӴһͷײ˹
ţͷһҲһһ㳯ѻȥһٶȼ죬ѻҲûж˼øֱֲӲѻţһʱѪĽ
һһԣȻ֣һЦ㽫쾻ۣһֱӴţͷ󱳡
ţͷҲע⣬ҪܣǸֲȴѻţвʵ̫òֲ棬һȥ
ߣмˣ
һһЦҲǶѻڣһָţͷܵķһ㶹ڻ֡һӾʹţͷڡ
ãͬ𣬻ѻǺţͷɫһ䣬ʹһæĻţҪĳһ㡣
䣬֮ŭ
һӡһ̨֮УᱦϣƬҶѸ
˰ڤ㾹
ߣʲôҪɱңȻҪɱ㣬ʱ㣬͸ɣһһ߶ø
ʱһ˺ѷεѻһŻƷɽһͷѻ֡
ͷѻ͸Ӵ󼸷֣һͷѻӲдſڵϣʱһֱӽץȥϣָܹơ
ͷѻȾͱ˴ˣʹȼڵķʽ󻹱ţͷһֲסҲˡ
ۼͬ鴹Ǵѻ˫ȼŭһۿıŵĸֲ棬΢΢һо㷢ǲԶţͷϢ
ȻŭĻѻţͷڸʲôһĳһһᣬͳţͷȹȥ
ţͷȻһܹһûѻԼ߽һ˫Ƴ죬ֱӳѻȥ
һڤһǽᵤѻԶ͵һײѻֱӴɶţͷֱ¡
ţͷȻڤСɫȴʵʵԪӤһĸ֣û뵽侹Ȼǻƽͷŭڶ𣬴һ̧һУǲѻڵĸֲܵһǿľֱӷС
һΣȻɸ£ֲҲɳֲ潫ѻһһͬڹΧ֮С
ŭ֮еţͷȻͣα屶һжȻһͻѻ˫˫ס԰
ڴʱ֮ϣǻʣһĻѻɳƵ˻һȻֱ·ȥ


 
һĻһȴм죬СȡƬõֶΡʱѻķӱѣȻڵֱӺҪȫ
һɫһ䣬Ҫѣȴţͷֲסֻ¸Цð̫ˣɱ㣬ҲҪȥ˵ţȻſһͷѻȫԸһҪ
ȴ˵һͷѻѣȴܣ˹ȥѽĽһȻҲͻûǳԼѨҹȥ
öڳѨϱ㽫ѨپһöȭͷСģɫԲĵ¶˳
һ˲ΪʲôͷѻҲҪסԼţͷȴԼһöѻ
ֻöڵһӳѻȥһɹɾУγһڻѻ档ֶξȻǲϧķڵѻ
ʱѻڵײƬ俪ѻڵҺ£ͬʱһɱըľ
Ѿ֪ҪʲôҲ˲ʲô񣬸˿ͣ׷ٶȳԶȥһǱţͷһƵԭء
СӣȥɣţͷЦ
һ״ɫ΢䣬һδأС׳ɣ֣
һȣСԳ˪̧һָţͷ񣬱㽫ס
ᵤޣԣ㲻ǽᵤޣôܶסţͷҵ
ߣҪס㣬Ҫȡڤ֮ҽɣС׻ָһ㣬ǡڤֱӴţͷڣɳ֮ʱһӻɫȻǳȡ˴ڤ֮
ôܣ˼ôҰ᱾ڤ֮Ҫڤó
ߣһûʲôóССΪưɣСһ̧־ͽţͷ򣬾Ȼĵʹá
Сףô죬ը𵤸ԱҪ
ߣͷѻѾ־Բʮ֮ڶữɻ𺣣ҶӲȥֻӲƴˣãн׷Ҳȹѣ߽Ӧֵܹסˡ
һԵ˵ͷæ׷ųһ˴ξȻ˶ʮߵƣʹһﵽƷԲ磬ΪʸߣѰƷԲҪǿ١
С׵˵ͷȹһһĽһȹʮƣȻСֶΣﵽƷԲľءصȻֳͻƷﵽƷķ
ʱȫըһɾ˷ȥǵֵڶǰţͷһҽб㱻˴룬ڶɾֱӽڡֻʣһֲ滹ԭء
ûţͷ赲ը޼ɵĳ˳ˢŷĶˣҲǾδСֻǵڵأͣԪֳλ룬ǱըͣȻ塣
Ǳը֮һˢʮֵʱ򣬺һݵĸоһλó˷ɢоȱ仯һС׶һۣɫ΢䡣
Сæãص׵һ㾹Ȼܲסⱬը֮Ҫ·ȥ
·ݣѵҪ䵽ص׵ڶȥǽᵤΪʮհСףҺסǧȥ
СҡҡͷˣصȴĲӣ໥Ŀռ䣬ըʹⷽռݣѾγ˿ռ©ԪӤΪҲѲȥ
ôһɫһָֻ࣬ܿˣص׵ڶڶ㣬СֵҲ£
ʱǹ򴫹Բ֮ڣһﶼǣͬ©һ㣬ֱУһС׶˳ĹҲ⣬һ±㱻С˰ʱŽСʧԭһƬɽڣȴһƬĮҲͲ
ȴ˵һСһͬռ©˲䣬һɱȱը֮ǿѹֱѹʮֲͣһӰӹһһǰ
˳ֵĵطһɽ£ʱɽѾƽɽµЩռ©ľɽʯЩͳܲסռѹֱӻɻһңһȥǽޱȡ
Ũ˵һҲ֪Լ˵ص׵ڶ㣬һҳȥʱǰԶʮɫĿ⡣


 ھֳ
ʯһϳʲôⶫһϣƸϺõĻǷҲƣֻƷʲߡ
һ֣һɾ罫ɢ·кüʯ̧һУƷ֮ټ
ѵǻĶɣҲ֪ж٣̽һ̽
ͷһʶֱܳӳ̽ȥֻɫһϲЦüһȻôʯҲѹˣһɱǰһЩǻѻռݣȻкöġ
˵䣬׽ȡһӳ仯ٵ⣬ûӰÿһӰһ̶˾õľߣɿĳ·ȥ
ʱıһ𾧱ͬͷСҲȭͷСһⶼ׼ԺĲϣ㲻ҲһʲСĺơ
һΪСײûʲôֻһԶ˵ڲӶڤ֮˳ϾǰʵСȻ˲С޸Ϲ
Сôһйڴˣһ˿ųЩС嶼Ƶߣ΢ǿһЩ޸ðǰҲǸСͲ˰ˡ
һھеһ룬оһطɳȣһطԵ䡣ûмææھطǺ׼һʹɽط˹ȥ
˵ĵطȱڿĶһҲϵãţͷֳֵĸֲ档ţͷСȡڤֵ֮ƣɢ֮ʣôһ
һСĽӹֲ棬һ˿ͷ̽Уֲ澹ȻһַƣĺۼȻֲȴأֲĲϣУ˵ţͷڤ֮дġ
Ҫϸֲ̽ʱһҲڿȥһ籡·Ǻ¯һϸȥżͬ¯ʱʵĲǻ棬һ־ģͬҽȴ塣
ʱС׵һеһ˫ѻľԪ̥عþǱһöѻɣ
ѻһöѻСĽʶӶȥȻһöѻȻԪ̥֮УڷļȡǱ治ϲƺʱҪһ㡣
ѰһҲҲں¯һԪ̥ȴ̺УҪõĶ
˼һתһִСĿӣԪ̥УŽ֮ȡ˳Ҳֻǽ֮һߣûмڶ֡
ھ˰ʱطһһ飬Ǽֵ͵Ļ𾧵ʮ㹻ǧɽ֮⣬ҵЩĻʯܵҲҪиһöʯһԵһϲ
һУ飬ô˵ȴǲ˾Сķһأһصĵطһɽͣ
ڼ䣬һһο飬ǱǺɫĵͼȻֳĵ⸱µͼ࣬ǿ޵ĺɫҲ˵⸱µĵͼص׵ڶˡ
ݵηһԼȻһĲԶ⣬͸ĺ㣬ԼƲ⣬ÿһٶܹƥнᵤ޵ȺеĺֱӾʹ˽ᵤޡ
µԼջһʱһߣȿǵηصر˵ԼʮʱһرļλϻԶ󷨣˽ȥڴʱȴͬ˵ص׵ڶ㣬ԭԼоõĴȴûһϢ
ڴˣСײû̫żʮ﴿ͳϢĵص硣һѯ֮£СҲֻýԼֶ˵һ£ƺֻҪСܹﵽԪӤڣʱʩչһطĴۼȥ
һҲ֪˵ʲôãȻСٶԶѰޣ廹Ҫ켸֣ԪӤھô״ﵽġǵС޳ԪӤҲҪʮȥˡ
Ҳ˵һȲ𣬶߶ԣʮ꣬ϰҲգۣڵص磬޵棬ѱʲô⣬ʲôطܳһͷ弶˵Ҫǵ
ʶһֻƻΪѡ˺þãҳһǰ취İ취ǱҵǰصڶĽᵤӣǵǣһͬȥ
һҵ𵤵ӣȴҲһϰǾСҲҪռһǣ֮ͬʱǣ֮Ҳ޷ͬʱռһǣ֮´Ҷڴ͹֮С


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ֻһ취ܹͬʱһ𴫳ȥ
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ҵİ취ֿռ䣬ܹػȻҾͶ棬һͬȥˣ
⣬صѾˣ˵𵤵ӵʱǸһʱ䣬̶̶ʮ棬ȴǲֿռܰһɵɻ
Сһڵصһ»Уڵصڶ㣬Ǿ˵ˣ
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СЦһֿռ䣬㹻ѹ֮ӦֶΣҲķʱ䡣ڵص׵һ£ܹõĲϣҲƬص׵ڶȴǲͬǽᵤޡֻҪɱȡڵںϣܳΪϺõѹ֮ڵ֮еоųɻܹ÷ûı׼
һһû뵽ѹ֮ﾹȻ㷨ŵܿ㷢⣬ǱǻѾͷѻը飬µƬԪ̥֮ǻѻҪںȴǲܡ
СһɻԴͷѻͷͬѰһϹѪ򲻿ܳɹᵤͷѻѪ;Ͷעһöѻ֮Сöѻ͵Ľϣֻעӡ棬ֱӾõѹ֮Ҫ
һʱϲȽһöѻĴ㡣
ʯ֮УһڵأǳִСĻʯӣС׽̸ķֶͬһ˿Դ깵ͨдӡǣͿԵһֻ﷨˵ʹ
һӡǴУһ˿ӡͷעʱһһӻѻһ侹Ȼѻĸ¸½ͬЩӯζмתζ档
ǻѻ걾ԴˣֻҪӡǣöѻڱˣ
һͷһͽԼһ˿ӡǳȥУȻû˿谭һӼ١ϸܣ⼱ٷǵǾ£һּУһУһӡǵĸо
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һɻʱһ˿ڵĻӻѻϴһ˿һϤ
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һǰѾЩѻɫмظеĻѻ걾ԴͷҲһ˿ϲһ˿ӡ˳ע걾Դ֮󣬲Сѻ˳
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һѲһʱѻСҲ׼һȥԸᵤޡʶһҲڷһЩҩָͬʱҲ׼ţķֶãһһ޷𣬸ֽͨԺ֮вĥȡţͷһֲϡ
ֲֶĥһ޹֮ͷһ̨ϳһ˿౦ľֲ֮ͨСһʱ䣬ƸֲֶΣԼַϢͨ౦ľһԺ֮У̶ʱ۵ĲֲƷͬʱ౦ľķҲȻһأȻֲ֮еıϢ̼£౦ľҲࡣ
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һʶֹ뵽ʲôȴվûгסøֲڽӽüĵһǣһһӻɵɻһӾͱʵʵľͳų̈ȥ
ϵ̨ñҶ¸һȦһȦĽ֮סƺһ㡣ǣһϤӻ֮дȻǷŵӣ


 Сת
⻰һһȥǱذĻ仯ջһͷСţͷֻ֮ǰĿͬȴЩЪ˹Ĵš
Űµķţʧôãôʱ³֣㣬ȻǷŵӣ̨ˣ⣬أ㵽ʲôڣѵһӣ߾Ƿתɣ
ЩЩ߰㣬һҪʵʲôţͷȴȻֻһ߶һ˵Ҫڤ֮һвҪɱһֹһȻģ׼һ˿һҲ
һЩĶԼĪ˽ЩƺڤһޱȹĴڣ涼һ࣬Ǹ߼Ĵڡ
һڤǰ룬ʱڤ֮дڶūۣūͣͼĴʹá
֪ʲôĿ죬ȥҲ죬Ҵҵľʧһڤؽ磬ֻ׺Ĵ˵ƺڤˣ褣Ƿַŵӱȫɱ֮
ţͷҪɱԼȴǱصֲ֮УҪһ˳֮նɱû뵽û㱻ҶתϷϵ̨֮УʱסһͷǷ뱾ɥʧϵƺǶˡ
֮˵ǵо磬ڸеֶΡͷֻÿһͷһԼţͷȻȴҲԪӤˮ׼ܹȴΪڤ繦걾ʵԭȻǱȲġ
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⻰һɫһ䣬̨ţͷķԱȻֲ˺áǣҶҲյʲô̼ƷӰԳǶߴӰʵ¾ģ㳯һ˿
һɫ䣬ƺʲôֲ飬еôܣʲôȻҪ𣬱ڤôܰ
ԣñҶųĽ⻯˿˿ƣţͷķ֮У͵һһʵǿĻǴӷ֮г˳һҲţͷһ֣ɢС
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һԣĶϾţͷԪӤһĴڣôһ֣ص׵ڶҲȫˡ
ʱһ˿ͷӱҶ֮дһɫʱһףŭСС񣬻ݺң£Ǹڤ翪һյƣ˵Ҿʱڤɱһܻɣ
⻰ţͷɫһ䣬еүСĲݺүү
һһЦƵΪ֮ĺã
˵䣬һģ˳űҶţͷƹȥñڱҶſڵţͷֱײ뱴Ҷ֮СʱĲȥţͷҽһûбֱӱ
˵ţͷ֮ǰԪԪӤǣħĲл˵ҪǿЩڱҶ֮ȴûֶãһתֱӱȻһţͷӰ˸ֲڶϣ˳֮ƣҲ¾ģͳۺ֮
һµ֮һֻ̨֮е⾡٣ƺʹһɱĸо
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һ֣һֻԭͨȻݻһҲӦһ֡һҲˣһ˿޵ͷһƬҶϣһ˿ɵģصϢ档
ڤ֮һ֮һܿһ˿ϢԺŵһͨȻڤ֮ΪҲ֣ȻСת


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µõͨһҲһЧҪʱȴ̨һɹȻܿƵĹĶ˳˷ӿ
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һ˵ţǹһ˿΢ЦԭΪͨͻڼıֻ֣ҪһͨйذȻ̤ż롮򡯺ڡ
ĳˢϴ񣬻֮һֻ͵һءȵԾطбҶ֮ѹ򷽣ᱦݻ̨ͨȹ̣ͨǿΨǾ粻ͨӲȫͻơ򡯺ڣԽݻͨʮʮʹõǡ½ͨҵֵڸ˰ɣ
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Žҵ˳ϵһڡһػҲǽᵤڣȴǽᵤڣļ߽ޡʵȻѻֽᵤڣļͽǿʮС׶ϣҲҪѺôܹնɱԷ
ͷҫռһȵһǿһֵСױĵĲˬ⣬¾Ҫնɱ˶Էȡ꣬Ÿݡ
һĿȴǿʶסСףԿΡչȥûһ㶯һҲĥСԹټ˼ŵͷӦ֣Ϊ˽ʡʱҪСһͬ֡
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Сʩչֶνͬʱһִһ󷨣һ˿ӡζĿڣȻȷһܹɵǰҲϧֱӻֻҪԼסһҵħӵĻҲʹˡ
˵һ˼̳ڶȥǵΧʮĵطоһҵڶ


 
⼤ҵٶǽ𵤼𴫳գһ˵СĶԴֱƵߡѰ˴صرǰС׳֣ԱݣħӣǾ͸ãĿġ
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һ֮ԶԶúЩϼʺҷ裬Ʈɢŷɫ꣬һͬѪ⣬ڹ⣬໥ɱۼǵ֧ţȴ˿ƺͰ
һڽϵǸǵⶼʮ֮˾ͽ˱ȽϣȻ޼ĸо
ǵʲôˣǽϢȻ˽һʮȻѰֶΡĪҪʲôӢĽһ˰ɣ
Ĺ鵣ģòһȺħӣһɲ׼ŹȥСıסϢ˹ȥ
֮ڣһɹϢĴһɵҡͷЦ̧ͷȥǵ֮УӰ趯ˣ˫ףǵй֮ԵѩӢѩǷɫһ֮УһĨ̺쳤ϣȻɣһ̬Ĳħ鹫ӣŮƷ˭ˡ
˶ŮһѪ⣬һڹ⣬һɻˣϢҲʮۺһħڸ֣ħڡֻڳֽѩͺƷƶԣȻ˵ãҲ㲻ʮ
ʱȻħͬƷΧѩħս󣬺ƷƴԲӦѩս֮Уѡ
ǺƷӣ΢û˵һЦЦѩܵʲôţüͷ΢壬ħ෴Ƴ˷ܼһ㣬һͨ죬۴ţѩɱ˹ȥ
һһԣЦֻһӵƺҪҵ֮
ƺǡ𽵹֮ϵֶΡ㣡
ͷһͬʱ֮е̨̻֮еķˢȫͬʱ̫ƪ͡䡷ͬʱ徻ΪΨҶ⾳һˢ˿˲ɢͬʱһԼеԼƪĶһ˽⡣
ʱǺƷѭƵ˵αػִţһҾΪ̫³λҪͶɵҽħţһͬǸã
ѩԣҲֻһʩչĸ켸֣Ȼ˵ѹסˡ
ƷƼ״Цһ̧һָº籶ʱһ֧ճѩȥʱһͬѹסѩͷ½ײս롣
㣬ΪǱСҪһЩ˵Сõ˿籲˪ȴҲЩЧλʦӮ˵ˣ㲻ͶħţС˵˵Ҳ԰
ѩüͷһڿڵƷƣҪԣһ֣Ȱаο϶ηŹ㣬ձƣҲѩԣҪͶħţǳ롣
ƷԣԳһЦڿ˵ˣСҲ֣ΪһȴǽУֺαˣתֻضٴΣ곾Ե˽⣬ѵ㻹Ҫͬɵͬɣ
ѩһնǰһħŸֵѪ⣬Ǳ籵סһӣһнᣬѩû˿ϵҵֻϴ㲻ûҵЩûõģ
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ֻǴʱ״̬һ˫ͨ죬ϢޱȣƺѾ㲻ˣҰһ㣬ʱҪ˳⡣
㣬ȻʩչԭǶ˿ܣѹҪݺңѩüһŭӡ
ƷһЦָָ⼸˵ǿ֮СõֶЩͬЩȻ˿ȴҿƣ꣬嶼ǵģǻǣСõİʾ񣬽Ķ־ˣ


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Ʒָһ󣬶ǰ𵤵һָǻŸʲôú棬üʶʶѩӢӵ
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⻰Գһ˫۾Ҳ¶ã֮ɫȻ𵤵ЩơƺЩһ˸ŭģŮˣǣ
һҲеƷƣŮҲӲźͳ϶֪ɱǵģ
ħڵˣŵʦ㣬ҰɣʦҿǴĻаԹԣҰɣ
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⻰ɫѣƷǣһָ¶飬ƮƮı֮Сأͣ˫ãһ̣ȻֻһĴڡ
ƷЦ֪ǶħΪʦҲħֻҪ˭ɱǣ֪նħ飬ҳ֣Ȼٺòˣ
˵ţЦһ㣬С£㲻ɣ
ѩһҲ𻰣һ˿©һӣǰһ𵤵ӶᣬҪ˰ΧƷô򵥱ӵһЦָָѩһȥħŵѽѽȥסѩȥ·
ħŵӣѩȻ֣˪ʹֱ仯̲һ˿һ㣬ɱԶѰ򣬽е·ɱ˺󣬲ͬʱѵʱҲɥʧˣٴα»롣
һΣսһɵѩһֽӲʽ֮ΣԶǰʱĺƷƻЭѩϼ˪
ɺƷȰ˵ѩȴٲᣬֻǽ趯Լ룬ƣشȻȴԮĵ
СҲ֪ħΣأСβֻ֪ҲҪС룬û֮ʱұ㱻ħǿᣬֱضᡮ˿籡СòŵûݣʱѾħţܹ԰Ρ㵱鹫ӵͷСҪôȰˣһûᣬ˾ͽҲûʲôҰͬħţ߲ħҲգֻҪСߣߺҲûʲôܹסҶ˵ġ񲻿գ
ѩԣɲ׼ش𣬲ڴʱתڵ鹫ӵѾˣľԼаѵʱ򲻳ɣ
ƷֻΪתЦݾȻԳһ˿ֿζڣȴɫһ䣬ȵη֣͵Ϯ


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ʱѩҲһԪ˪֮еľʩչ춼˪ʲôֻҪһ˪˲䶳ᣬǰ˸˿ħҲ⣬ȻԪħԪֵɴӷͷӹʱҪ
ƷƱ붯ֽһԵһȴòֹ˸˱ᣬ򼴱һҲѩ˪ǾڲһԵһһСв
Ʒһ˿籽˰סȥ˪֮ͬʱЦԭ㻹һ֣˵Ҳ˵ãȻϢڲأҲȽɫҲ谭ҵĲã㻹ǲҪϣúã
ѩ纮˪һδأ
ƷԣҪ𻰣׶һ𣬾ڴʱһöһĶڵĵط
ţӣƷƾһæԦ˿籷ˡ
ڴʱӺȻըը֮ɢǻһѩ˹ȥںƷƳԾ֮УǱըֱ֮ӺһħŵϡǱӦԳٶ۵ħŵ׻һѪ籡ͬʱֱصס
ڴ˿̣ѩæ֣һоĽѹסһգ۵ʱ䣬ɵ𵤵ӣħִˡ
ƷƼ״һ֮䣬˿籷·һ·嵽սϸˣһ·ѭǰһ˿󣬳һɱȥ
䣡
һٴδԭһöӣ˴βըˣñը֮˿籵סǰȥ谭ѩնɱħͷ
Ϊҽٽ򽣺һն
ڴͬʱ˿籵һ·Ҳ⵽谭һǧɺĿϣ⽣߶ǿһ׹ⳤݻֱ仯еֵ˿ǰȻ鱦˿籶赲ס
ף㾹Ȼܹסҵ˿籣ԣϢ𵤶ǣֻʿССʿôܹס˿籣ûȫҲܡʱ򻹸ӰΣãҵҪԿʵʹȻǧ˿շգ籵쳾
Ʒƻһ䣬һ·˿籶ʱ鶯ǧ˿˿ƳǳƹȻ׹ס
׽棬ǧ˿һڲòȫԸˣĶǷͨתƤǰɫġɽǵ𡣶׸ϣصǿεֵס
һϱڣƷҲɵóһΪħӣҲлͬƷԲĻҲķЩŵȻһʿϿоԷϻʲôԼ˿籵ĶҲɵþ
㵽ʲô
һˡֻûгڣ̱һֻѩֳ˪һħڸֵţһ̣ħڸᣬѩ齣Ѻ۴˷ѿȥγͬʱһħڸ־ͬ飬ѩ
һеͬʱѩһ˪նֱӽһ˿˲顣һѳһѸײڶٶȳѩͬʱһ֣ʮöСӡ
ЩΧ׷𵤵ӱ㱬ǰӶԣЩСһأÿһöҲȵϽһȫһҳײ赲ס׷ѩĶ
ѩһնɱһħŵӣһʩŽ赲ƷƵ˿籡ѩҲǲ˽޽򽣡Ĵڣÿһݻı仯˾ͽ˻Ҫ༸ֻ֣ǿ滹һ߰ˡ
б仯һħŵӴñˣ˿εֵסʱĹؼȴֻһһǷܹ𵤵õס
˵ɱ֣һҲЩ𵤵ӣЩ˶ɵɵĵӣҲˣһͬţҲʱбͻƵΣա
󣡡
һ̧һףһ̷𣬻𵤵Ӹֻǲʱ洫ĺԼǹ⻪ԽԿĳ⡮Ҳܳ־á

һҽдһħŸҲѩ£ΪˣѩҲһЩۣǹһ˿Ѫ
ͬʱһ˿ͻѩķߣƷƾͳһ߳뵷Ų˿ϵĺƷƴʱȻЦţеȴķŭһƣȻһССʿңһͿأλ᲻ŭ


 
ʱһը죬̺Ȼը飬Ȼ𵤵ˡһǰǺ󻢵ľء
ѩһͷһתæʦ㣬ʱסŮֽλʦסң
⻰ѩ΢΢һ㶣һСġ֮󣬵ת⣬˷ȥ˪ֱת۱㽫ʱסһ˱ֻǻĿ꣬ųѩɱ˹ȥ
Ʒȴû֣ϵЦԽԽŨеŭҲתһ˿ЦһΪ͵ֵң֪˭ô
һż֣ҲֻƣЦ鹫ӣ˭˲֪˭˲
Ʒɻ֮ŨЦȻ֪ҵݣѵ㻹ΪԼֵܹסҲɣ
һ÷ЦЦһԣ֪
øһԣ⻰Ǻ飬ʲôǧɺڵĿȴһ׳Щµѵ㻹ڵĿıҪĿʾˣҸ֪ݲɣ
һԳɣ˵ͷҲǣ鹫ӶĿʾˣСҲڡ˵ţ̧һĨ㽫ǧɺԳĿ
㣡ƷƾȻһ۾ϳһָԭƭȡҡص䡯СͷôЩ꣬ǵûȻȵزʵ˴ĪǼҶţţԣĽҶУ仯ٽ׵֮ǡ⽣ڵӡѵǽʲô⽣ɣ
ö̶һϳԼԼݣԼƺŶһҲɵúȻںƷƵʶ˼֣Ůʵǿ󣬶˼·ǼҲΪ˵á
ԾԾñϳһҲ׼ϣһЦ˵ͷңƭȡʲôĿɾ˵ˣ鹫㽫ʲôص͸ҵģƭȡһ˵ǵ鹫֮Եû뵽ջҲһԵˡ
ƷһЦøС֪ǰãתֵõħص㱻ˣҲ֪һɢޣε˻ԵܹͶ£̸Ե֣ѵΪͻ㲻ɣ
һǺһЦ鹫ǳֺ࣬λңֻ鹫̸һҲʦȡһʱ䣬ʦɣһϣȻһܹ鹫㣬ԱҲˡ
ƷһҲǸȤˣȻҲ˵϶ô
һҡͷ鹫ֶǼƣСϷʲô˵˵Ҳûʲô죬˵÷׬仰ʱأ
⵹ҲǣСͷֶ֪˲ͬöǹʱڽһû뵽ɣ
һһ㶣Ȼ˵ȴҲһֱţһתʶŷ⣬ԭɢķʶȻЩƺ˾ƣܿƵĸо
ҲˣСͷȤҲɱ㣬ְɱˣ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôʧֻҪҲɿܣɵʱʹͶҲ˵
һüͷ壬Ҳ֪ƷʹʲôţʱʶתҲԼƲס˴׵ĸ򡣵С׼οҪ֣һȴˣһСױƷƺѩ˷֣黹תɽˮĵز
鹫˵ЦˣҲССʿεԳɿܡ
ƷһЦɴӲ˵ЦֻǴе⽣ǻֵñɿܣƾǰһͱѰ𵤻ǿҲ֪ôģҲǲӵġ
һЦһԭˣҪĳɿܣ»ҪЩ򣬵ʱƻ˶˰ɣ
Ʒҡ˵ҪЩ򣬵ȺöʱԽܣ㿴Сɰϲúأ
һ̧ͷȥƷļƣ˲֪ƷƵ뷨ȻҪԼ
Զһȴѩһ𵤵ӣƷüͷһ壬Ҳ˵̧־ͽƷų˽ţȻ谭Ĵһȥˡ
壬һʱоԼ֫ٺȫ˲ʧһɹԵĸоӿͷ𵱳ٻų˲ֹһ
ˣϴα̨̻𹦶Ը˵Ҳܳɹͷһһ̨̻𹦹Ķ
ƴܶһͣסھ뵤ﻹԺ﷽˼ˣҲ֪ǸовԺջ󣬺תͷ㳯Ժ̨ȥ


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ƳԺȥһȫͷͶ̨֮УĵȻһͨķֻʮϰ٣Ͱһ㣬ʹ
ÿãƹȻܵԺ֮Уʱһ͵ķ̨һȻ̨֮дקƾͳ̨ȥ
ǸеΣŵֿļ޼ƹȻͬСɣȻϹƵҲԵһᵤʿЧһ̫ƪ͡䡷ƪ䶼תɥʧ˵ֿ֮ģƽԼΪˡ
һͨĴε𣬡ɽɽΣע֮У֮һ䡯ڻ𣬳չȥ䷴һһͨģµĵֵġСת
⡮Сתȡڤ֮пƣáһڤ֮Ȼס֮У谭ȫӵֿһּתǧתȹƳ汾ͱһ¸ͷתһͷ̨֮ˡ
һͷһϲæ֯ذҪͷѹһ̣ͷƾȻ͵תһϴ
ģʲôȻԺ֮޳һ磬ܹѹҵƣãǱСˣҵҪٿ㻹ʲôֶΡ
ǺƷɣԭƾȻûѸٽһתɿܣò֮£ӡͶû뵽һһ̨󡣱ħ̳ȴҲ֪ŵĴڣҲԾԾҲһ˲ܿ֯𷴻
ںƷȽ𵤸˵ʱġСתֶξЩˡںƷƵĿ֮£͵һƿʮķһ˳ڵŲ̛֮С
ƷƵûڳԾʲôæƳ̨ȥĿĲ˵ҪѰ걾ԴڣӴ˽һ
һ̨ѷ°ɣ
һһط͵ͨ䡯ķ׷׷ɳһ˿ȥ
һķŹֻС򡯺ڣƵĽᵤ绹һΪͬ죬Ҳ״̬Ҫٴӡѹȴǲˡ
ֻ֪ǣʱֹżͬżĻкƷơѩӢѩƺ쭣̶һٷӡһˣʣ˸Ե᧿Σ˵ʱҪ¡
ĵʲôȻҵƶֵܵѵҪﲻɣУʵڲҲϧƴһҲҪסΪһ롣γ֣ѩ飬ҪЮܹѩץסǾӮˡ
Ʒͷһæɴƣ̨Եཱུģͣ͵ѿЩ϶ųһɹɷۺɫ
һɷۺ籡Ȼ̨Ƿ⣬ĶûһãֱƮƮԺȥһоһ޴в
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һƷ˳ȥȻһŷͬ˶˿ʳһ㣬һԶ˱һŷ㱻̾ȴǿһתͳǱ̨˹ȥ
ƷƱųŷѾĲ٣ʱʧȥϵһ̣ͷһæݹͷ֮СǣһഺϢӿͷ˲С
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ƷһۿĿһ뵽ʲôһæһһţͬʱһɳüȥˡ
ƷջƵͬʱһ糺죬ǱײµСŮһ㣬򱻴ɵһʱȴǺԹ֮ɫиС߶ʲô
ʱҪһΪഫ˵鹫ӺƷƿ߶ǣƴ飬˫ޣҵһ˫ޣôᣬôύСӣ
ҪɱһҪɱȥƷͷһдˮȥһ㣬̧־Ҫų˿米һɱȥ
ʱһԶͬʱһ˪ֱõǰһҪˣ
ѩԭźƷҲͻʮʱ䣬ѩʣ˾ᣬתͷ㿴ƷƽһɣҪ¶ֵӡ
ѩƷ˵ȵˣһ˰ȻȫĻر˴һĳ֣˵þͱƷץˡȶѩǿ棬ʦ֮£ǾԲһǰ˵ġ
ѩɱƷɫһ䣬֪ԼɱһѾܡȴһߺЦһãˣ㣬Ҫúñأպټ
ѩһ׷˹ȵߣ
ƷƺָܿԵһЦҪ׷ɱңѵͲЩʦֵ˲ɣ
ʲôѩãöڱ֮е𵤵ӣɫͨ죬һţҪſƷ
ٱһС֪öͬʱըǡǳСܻܲأ
ѩ˲֪ȻǺƷ𵤵ԱֶΣʱȻԼĺѹƣ˵ʱԱһñó˷ȥȥ˵þͻи̡
ƷЦһ˻־ͼԦ˿ȥѩ˲㳯һɹȥ׷ƷƵ뷨
ԶԶߵĺƷƣϵ֮УȻҲԳһ˿һ˵ʲôûеõϡͿ£һ˵һ˫ޣȻ˫ޣ˵ȴҲشһܹһ죬ҺƷƻҪ
ȴ˵ѩתһץһԾһȺ漸ɵӣȴѿʱǾȻָǣһ
ԱѾʱԼѾֹˣѩȣȴҲвΪͲΪǲΪҪǿ֣ãԼҲҪˣеһȻҪϵġ
𵤵ӵĺȣֻҡҡͷץһԶԶߡûɶԶȺը죬һ˷ɨѩӽһնն˿ӰĳԶȥ
㹦ǱըĵطҲаˣѩһյأ½һûתѣ㽫һĳƣ룬ȡЩҩСԲһЩʾ֮תһڣҩ
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ν˫ޣǱ֮νһһһͨ⽣ֵ֮ŹյֶΡ
ȻΪһ·ͻͽȥվк󾢲ǲպĳ磬Ϊһ޴ƿ˵ͻơ
Ȼһ˫ޣȻ˫ޣƷͺ͵Ĺõĵͼ̶ʮϢʱ䣬ϣ˫޵áһԣһʱ̵һ⡣ʱǳ˫޵ãȫˣ˵ΪҪһδ
Ȼһ˫ҲһкôǧԸĺƷҲôСΪһڴϢǸؼѵãĹͷŭٺúƷζõô֮Ҳ֪һ˫ʲô롣
ʱţʱ⣬һתʱߵһ֮Դǵסѩһתæָı


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ʦ㣬㣡
ʦСЩƷŮֶնûתһΪʲôơԪ㳹׼һȴΪ壬ʩΪת֪ʲôô
һԼ֪Լ飬Ȼ֪ԼƴţǺƷһ˫ޣºЩ֮Ҳ׹ѩѯʣҲý˵ֻҡҡͷ
лʦģҲ֪ŮʲôֶΣȴ󰭣ӦŮæ֣ûüºְɣ
ѩԵ˵ͷȴЩģڵﻹЩˡаȥĵҩʦţǷֲʣʹá˵ţץһƿݸһ
һһЩƿ֪࣬Щ׵ĵҩļƷⵤҩһƿ弶Ʒġ֥鵤ѵõʥҩѰԪӤʹöܹƣԽ𵤸ֶԾǾ鵤ʿ¾ǴһöҲܹһ
Щҩǻʯʮ򣬶Ѱ˶һõһѩļҵ׷񣬿ҲǲСһʲƲͳһλʦĺøӼ֡
һ˵һѩı飬Լһ˿Уҵҩƹӣȴûһ˿Ҫջص˼ͷЦҲֻõл鵤ӹ
鵤ͳ֮ѩϸѯһһ״ƺվĲһö¼֮͸һһȻЦãȴҲ֪ЩǺö㾡
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һڣȴҲҹصҲ֪ʲôȴҲҹ֮֡תۼ䣬ͻһƬ
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ѨںãƺѩҲⶴѨ֮ҪҪһЩһȡ֮ϣҲĵ˵ͷ
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ѩɽ˶ƽʱ˭һһ˿ЦݣȴͬɽգԳӨ͸һþ˶Щֵסˡ
ѩһЩ񣬱ȵ˼һ˿Ҳ˵ֻûЩңæʵˣʦص׵ڶ㣬Ҫôصرأ
һҲٵЩͻæջĿ⣬ڨڨһЦұڶûиеķҲǱײ뷨Ĵҿûʦʦܹһ̣ʦ㣬ʦһ̣صر
ѩȻĵ˵ͷƬȴ΢΢ҡͷס


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һѩܾĴҲЩżæʵʦ֮ǣ
ƽʱѩ¿أȴڽ͵ʦܲҪᣬҲϴȥǴ˴ҵõѰӲͬнıȡֻȡξҪõûȴƷƣȣˣȡˣҲܹط
һüȻҪʦʵǿηѰޣ˼ÿһԶѰҺ̽·ҪѺЩʱգ˵Ҳʮַɣ겻ô
ѩǵ˵ͷҡҡͷ̽Ѱȴǻʱ䣬ǱȽϽҲҶʮʱ䡣ҲǲɣֻҪѸʱˡ
Ѹʱ䣬겻ôһɻ
ѩҲ˵ʲôһ̨һ֣һġ֡
ǴֻҪûµصȣҶܹصرзʱͬʱҵģĿľΪ񡣹ʶȻҲʱޣҶԣȴһʱ䣬¡
ԭˣҲѹˣ˴˵ǹϵشֻʤɰܣʦɵ̳ȻޣѹҪУֶˡ
ѩͷʾͬ⣬˴Ƶܹ֧ŶͬУΪɺ񣬿һҪһʱ䣬˼䲻֪жΣգԣʦûǲҪͬУŻͬŹǴطر֪ʦΣ
һԲɵ˼˵ʵڵص磬صޣ˵мбأʵǺõòˡΨһĵǣǵõȴСԪӤܻ֮طʱ̫ܶ˲ɲı䶯
ѩһʱܻطһʱСԪӤѵʱ䲻֪˶٣Χ֮ڡйؽ֮æڵʦȻ縺ҪʦܲţмʵԸʦͬУ
ѩһ㶣ü΢ʦˣ˼ΣգѰ˵úƷŮҪ
һ΢΢һЦֵѾʦʵ̫Ǹ׸ˣʦӦʡ
⣡ѩǵһαŴӦ飬һԲ޵˵ʵǰƷʱһľޱѩҲ̾ʵȻȲҲǿһЩ𵤵ӣ˵ǰ֣Ҳǿ㹻ˡ
գѩ˵ͷðɣȻʦѾҲ㣬ֻΣգʦܻԼΪزǡ
һͷЦʦʡã
֮һҲŹᣬһЩϵѯѩһȻѩһڱ㿴ڽϵ೤϶
Ҳһվˡ޽򽣡żϣݣԸǱڳίǧ겻ŵҲԲʱԼᵽȾأһѷһ
λʦܿǸţѵòƲеȻ֮硣
ѩһͼֻ֣⻰ȴҲ˵ڣֻڽϵָ㣬һ㶼ûϧ˼Լ෬⣬Խʾһ˵ΣһҲջķᡣ
ʱֵڶգѩһɽ׼ڶȥͼѩȡһʯӣһ⻪ָķȻǱǵصڡ
ϿһѩüһأǰջñһΪνվͲˣѵֱ˲ɣ
⻰ѩָķһգǸСٵȻ⻰ǲ˵ڵġͷһתæʦɷⷨһۡ
ѩɻʧһҪ񾵣Ҳ˹ȥһװģĿһŹȻҴӵһʱҲ˺üһҲĽֻҪʱܹϵ
ѩɫ˵ͷǺãǾȥɣ˵ţݽ𣬳Ǹ˹ȥһȻҲȥ
ȴ˵ѩʵּԦ˪鱦ɽٶԶͬ٭һ֮⡣ʱȻ򣬺滹һڵһתͷȥȴһһƬ⣬ȻǼԦٽÿһýһݶ٣ѰʿɣȴҲ׷ѩĽ١
ѩ΢΢һЦҲûмٵ˼ͣĳȥһһʱ䣬һȻû̵ҲɵóԾϢƳ
ҹϾڵĵص磬չ鲻ȫҲ½˵طϢڶڡ


 
صڶ㣬һɽϣһһХ֮һѩͣ½⣬һ
һڵʦ㣬һǵ֣Ҳ˾ŵˣҲǳˣ⸽ʱڣһ˰ɣ
ѩ˵ͷһһˣ
һЦˣףʦɹ
ѩǱ˪һҲѵ¶һ˿ǳЦһ䡰Сġ𽣹⳯ɽ֮бȥһֻٽҲȥ
ԭѾһ¹ȥŵͼָһһһ׼Խͳ·˼֮ѩҲԿԴˣѩѡһֻ۱һֻۣһҲ⣬Ҳڣֱָڡ
һʱ⣬Эͬÿÿ·ձ׼ȷҵڡȻЩȣҲ˰¾˼ȶڼնɱ˲ٽᵤޣõŵر
ͷĶ˾һѵõĻᣬϷŹʱ䣬һıǵھʱҲֻգȴҲһʶҵһ
ѩʵǿǿרŹᣬԸǿޣһҲнʵٽֶΣ˴ԲӦ⣬ǣڶͽޣĽᵤҲס˷ֹʮΣǹΣѾѵõĬ
ҲˣѩϻɽڣһͷػɽġޡһһԱ⡣
ȴ˵ǡޡļ߽ޣʮɳ˫ȴ޽צС˵Ҳ֧Уռ˻ƣһʱƳ죬Ѱ𵤺ڶâѩȸֳ֣鱦ɽҲƲס
ͼѩһϮ£⣬ǡޡš϶ʮϾȻѩʤһ
ѩϵѹáޡЩܲˣһĳѩ˹ѩǲ㲻ܣִ˪ֱ˹ȥһ棬߳һĺȻѩռϷ硣
˵ġޡǵ£ӷͷʩչͨʮ泤ѩ
ѩѩѩӢӲ̳֮һֽޡҽУԼȴûһƣ˰УͽǱͨȥѹԵʤ
ޡʲôԸ֮ȻˣֱͶɽҽ֮вϳ£ȻѩʤҪӡӡǣȴҲᱻƻ
һԣ˺Щͽ޵һȥѩһȻֻɽϣ̧һףһöڲﶪĶҽ֮С
Ƭ֮󣬱ҽ֮кȻը죬ǡޡҽһͳһ׷
һ״ϲѹٶȣ֤ޡܹ׷ϵ£⳯ܡ
ѩȴҲģѸٶ֣ɽӡӡ֮󣬲ųһ׷ȥʱһһǴòɿһʵվһУȫѹŴûлֻ֮Ա֮
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˷صѰıʯֲϣ黨Ҳҵ٣ʯҲֵʮƷʯջķᡣ
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һʱ⣬˾˼ϵصͷ¡ѩһطȥˣһһ޾ۼҵСס
ЩӣС׶һѩ󣬳ɱ⣬ȡûԵֹ£С׶ָɾ䣬̶ÿһһɣȻԸܴͬյһȵһСܹ֧С
Լӿռ֮ʮһƬһͷˬѣΪ˵Ϊջ֮һЩƬ
ֻҪЩƬԼʹûǻص̩һĺôԸΪɼ壬ȡһƬгΪеɼʱ
ץסʱȡĺô֮һСϵص㡣ѩѾˡ
ʦܣ׼ˣ
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ѩ˵ͷɫ΢΢һ죬һһֻһ״һ㶣ȻСץסѩ֡


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ҶԺһ֮Уһ޴Ź⻪һȺϢ˵ŮվԣЩ˾ȻԪӤĸ֣˵ȫҶŵĳϡ
ΪһӺݻȴɫȻվڵλãȻһطϢޣЩϾȻΪס
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˾ȻҶˣɽ˪·ˣڸ֣ҲǴ˴δҶŵ֮ˡ
˪·΢΢ףãϣܹ񣬲Ҫħŵʤһǡ
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˪·Ȼζ⻰ҲȴʵΪѩʦ𣬴СʣǱ˪·ͽɵ󾳽磬պΪֵĴڡ
ʱ󷨺Ź⻪롣⻪ɢȥͼվ֮Сһŵ£Ȼѩһˡ
ڶ೤ϵʱһžѩһҲæſץһ˫֡
ף˭ΪѩһͬѵǵĴⲻɣ
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һԿЦѩ˵ʦ¹ص׵ڶ㣬ұ
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⻰˪·ĵ˵ͷǵصڶҲʮֿ㣬ѰҲΪ̶ҵҲ˵ˡȥȡƷ䱦ɣ
⻰æֳл˽԰Ŀ⿴һվһѩ
ѩǲʦ֮磬Ҳ۹⣬ֵͽҲ񣡡
˪·üͷ΢뵽ʲôҲáǽǵƽɣϲ֮۹͡
ºѩ˹ֳǣֽ͵ǰһλǰôѳɣ˪·Ҫ˵ɢᣬȴǳϾһ
ţԳϣγԾ˪·Բ
Գɫһ壬˫ѩƣ˿һƣ
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ŻЦԳϲص϶ʱҲһгСŵ̶£ڵصѰӡ˾ŵҲ첻
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˪·Ҳ¶һ˿ϲЦ⺢ӣҵȻ죬ѵΪʦĵĲɣ
ѩҡҡͷʦˣдʦѩҵΪѡ
ţ˪·˿һһۣǲôһʿܹѩæɫ˻
ѩʵϣƷݺԼһȣк̽Ѱ˵Ȼϸûἰ
һڳϲɵ棬һһڣ񶼺ۣ˪·ˣһҲ
ʱһоһʶ˷ԼɨЩʶȻûйԣȴ˿Ŀ̽ԼƺҪԼܶһ㡣
ǻʿǾѸоЩʶҾоҲֻСԼܣһȴͬŹǿʶȻоЩʶȴҲԼĳٵ
ڵص磬һһ·˳˳ˮͷչֳ˴ȻǽѩĴͷطѩ˵Ҳǰæ١ˣ˵ԼɵŵӣЩϵĿ̽Ҳ̫Ŀŵ
һˣһͷҲ˵ʲôֻǴһɹɽͨ֫ٺЩ̽ʶնȥ


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Щһ˾һ㣬ھһھ֮γɽͬʱҲ֪Լĵ˵ĿӱˡЩҲҪӵģȻԸ˵ԼԪӤ֮۸СѸٽʶ˻
ҲôΪһĽܶԼʶӰ죬ǵջʶĵĳ̽ȥҪ֮̽еĹתӡڡ
һͷ߷ݻһŭͷЦøϲߣȻ㲻֣Ҿ֪ĳ˶
ͷһһע뽣֮Уѽ飬ݺݵسЩʶնȥ˲㽫ǽڵʶնϡ
ͬһ̣ڳмһָһʱһ˿һֶ
һȺ֮зЩȻ沢ûᣬͷȴҲһ֡ͷһת㽫Щɢڵʶϡ
˪·ΪڸȻǿһԵ೤϶ڳԾһֶεͬʱҲɵ˼֡ǼϳԵİǶڣƺʲôûзϾȻǳԿǴȥҲÿ
˶װȴһ˲װҲװǾѩ
ֻѩӢӻһܣһʦж˶ʦܲǾͲҪѩ棡
Ҫ֪ѩӵ̳ҲֻǵӶѣʵȳϣǱݱȳϻߣǵӣȳϻǲһЩ̶̵һ仰˼ȻΪһϧЩˡ
⻰ȻûȻٳҲüͬΪ̳һ˿ɫһͷʮָмΪģֻΪѩǵһΪҷǿȨˡ
һֵʦ㣬лˣ
ѩԣתͷһһۣʲôû˵ȴǼᶨĵ˵ͷڱԼľġ
ʱ˪·ˣѩҵʦѹˣڱѩ˻ˣλСУ˭Ҳ˺ˣıǣ
һ˪·˵˼һڳϽԵͷǣǰСļҲͷ
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һԣͷתķɿ죬ǰһڳ˪·˹ðǰǴţǳٳδ飬طӦ籨ʶʢ飬ֻˣʱȥӦʡ
⻰˪·˾ȻҲһ˻ֵȻˣȥɣ
һԣѩ¶˹˹֣תȥȥıӰѩϻָƽ䵭ԽԽ¶ɣڶ೤۹ǰ᲻һ˪·¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
һ˴ҶŵӵĴ֮£һ·ҶԺݽصѹ֣Լǰ֮ڶ೤ϵƣһ֡ƾԾɡĸоӿͷоΪ֮һ۽綼󿪡̲סХƿ֮һ쳹һ졣
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ֻǲ֪ʱһǰԼһХӰ죬ڽЩʲôˣҪչأҪ
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ǰһȭһţȵ߾һȻװǼѹһ
һһ㶣Լûл˵Լ뱬ը֮е鶼ͨһ£Ź֣ǶΪԼѾˡ
ЦһͣȴͥɲҪ֣ǰ˼һƿҩûʯأǽʦܴô죬ǿɾûоƺ˰
ǰ漸䣬һΪжһ䣬俴һ󷨵ҲŵͷʱЦõָ˵ǲרƵİɣ


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ҶԺһԺУͤŮһӺݻһǰѩ÷˪·˺ѩ
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ѩ˵ͷǰյһڣٷ£һ֮ӿȫȻෳŶ˼ͨ͸
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˪·ҡҡͷұʦͽݲ˵⺢Ҳ˼һȾ˶ȴҪǧٱ𣬿ҪСϵƭǡ
ѩԣ΢΢һ˼ȴҲ֮һ˫۾Ŀ˪·ˣȻʵʦ˵ʦܣ
˪·΢΢һЦ𻰣֮ˣ˵ֻصļ䲢վΪǧľ飬飬ΪʦҲֵ
ѩҡʦʦˣ֮£֮Ϊˣѩǳʵ⣬ûаٵģ
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ѩͷʦ˵ǣʦȻţһֽףڵѩ֮£ʵѰڵսֵƷȥҲǲеģıǲð˵ΣգŽͽ
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ѩԣһ־ľһһ˵˳˪·˲˵ΪˣæʦȻ͵ϮֶΣҲǾҳʦ費ùǡ
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ѩŵ˪·˲ûһͷ΢΢һɣûһҶŵĻҲźĵ˵ͷ
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ȴ˵ͨ¥֮УһУ٣ͥ⣬ĪҲȴ˵ĪҲѩһ㣬µޣ֪һġһһôƣãοȥ
ٻѾ࣬СҲóһõĺȡһû˾ƵٵҲͰˣĪλȴǼһӾƣӶæþƵͬʱᡣ˼Ҳ׷׶֡ȻſȰٻζζдͬʱʮ⡣
νƷ֪ǧ٣ҶˣｻȴǾƲ֮вűֿ飬һĻطҶǴĵ׵ĻϲһͷҲʮָм
飬ѵߣҲûжŮմ֮ʱȴҲһٵĺƣֻǲ֪ǣһһȺԳΪƣ䲻˵жߣҲԴԴˡ
ͱˣһҲǱ𽣹㳯ͨ¥ȥһ򹦵ĵǰ⡮򹦵ԭפҲУ˴ͨ¥ΪʱפҲд˵רΪеӽá
ò˵⣬дһ𵤵ӡ˵ҲҪԼȡһ㶼һֻнһɣʶӺٽȡһǽ񣬿Ҳһˡ


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һ֮Уѯʣһƫ֮Уֻ𵤵ȥڵϣʹȴûƹˡһ΢΢ųһ˿תѹ
Ϊһ𵤵Դͷ˵㲻ǶôʲôﲢûҪ񣬴ûطȥȡˣ
һԣҡͷʦ֣ǰΪ˽񣡡
⻰һ𵤵Ҳǲ͵Ϊʲôǵõȵʱ򣬺ߣɱ˼ħŵӣŪһѪȡˣٽɣ
һԶʱ֪ԷԼ֮ǰǡħս֮նɱħŵӻȡġǰʱ棬ȷȷʵʵɱ˲ħŵӣϽѪҲֻһ룬ȻϽЩѪã׼ʹϽ
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⻰һüͷһ壬תͷˣȻǼûмĶʱһЦĿȻǲһ״ҲֻŤͷҲ
ִµҲ̫ɽһȻϵöæЦˡʦ֡ӭ˽ǸģûǰĲ͡
֪ʦк͹ɰʦְæģʦ־ܿڱǣΪ׵Ľ𵤵æЦ
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ԹԾˣʦɴ˵ʮأ˲Σ
˵ɫһתһʮɲǽ𵤵ĵʮֻĵʮˡ㵱Լ˭ڣ̸񡣺ٺ٣Ԭɻڣ㻹ԽѾˣƾ㣬һأ
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ԼǰǸƿڣû뵽Լý𵤵ӾȻӣʱŭģѽѽһŭҪ˵ű˫һ£һŷϢӣҪһڵµ˼
һȻ壬һЦͷתΪͼãʱ޿̱ϢǼӿת٣Ȼ׼ʱ֡
ʱ𵤵ӿɾסˡæǰסǿ˳֣ȻһԿǵĵĵһԿǶֺˣһҪЩΣЩ𷣡
һҲ̧־ͽһŽųǧٰгһ𵤵ѹɱ
𵤵æʩչһСȻ뱻סС˷俪ȥҲ󷨣һ䲻СƫҲҪ˲ˬ졣


 
˿ֵԣһɵһɱĹ˵Ҳ˳ִ붼ҪԼʶҲֻ֣ͷЦһԿ֡
ٲ˿Сһɱˣ
⻰ɫһ࣬Ѿ֣˿Ǿ͵ڰˡֻһߵֵŶķһߡԡȰвѶҪﶯ֣Ӧѡһʵĵطźá
ҲǱˣȻȴҲ֪ϵʩչһҲЩ˵̨
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⻰ǶҲͣתͷȥһ³վڶϱԵЩ
ͷһתͷвãӦҲ죬Ҳϵλţæһ̫ɽһ鳤ϣ
鳤ǰ𵤵ӺһҲֳƼϡ
鳤֣ȴüͷʶ˵˵ﺰɱҪʲô
ʻæϣ뼸λʦдֶΣд赽ȴڡ򹦵
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⻰˵æҡͷңСƺ¸һҪ֪ʮû볢һµġ
鳤ĿһۣصĺһΪƭϷ򣬺ߣ˭ȶ֣¶ˣԼվɣһ𷣵һ㣬ֻҪ˼ʮؾˣ
˼ʮزչʮͬǷõϡĵطΪѣ˵Ǽĳͷ
ͷȻû˿ȴǲϵĸ𵤵ʹɫе˼ˡ
Ƭ̣ǴЭ飬ǶڵʦܣԼվɣ飬Ӳģϴ˵𷣵ЩֺαسԴͷأ
⻰һɫ΢䣬俴һۣ£һ£
һЦͬʱһ𵤵Ҳ׷׿ڵλʦܣʦԩ޳޹ҲͰˣʦֵΪֵһҲΪǿǿǰ
⻰ȴ˼һ漴һֵһ˼ȴǵͬһǰŵֵôãԼﻹˡ
һ˼ɴҪԷԼ֣ݺֻԹ޶һλʦҪѪˣһ֤ݲǡ
⻰һ𵤵ӺһЦҪ֤ݣ㿴ʦַϵƿڣɲֵĽ
˽Եͷǣû뵽ⱻΪǳƶľݣҲ֪ԼǸʲô飬Ҳһһġ
ƿڣ鳤ϣüͷһ壬ãȻ֤֤ڣһ˰ɣȻԼվǾ˼ʮɣ
һĻĻһ鳤ϳ֮ʱɷСȻҪ˶ͷһ˼á¡̬֮Ȼ䣬ȴԱ仯ö𻰣˽ͻᣬҪͷһˡ
Ҫ֪ˣѰϵˡǵҲֻѡܹʱָ˭ǵ˭ڳһΪͣΨһܹġټ鳤ֻһˣ˼ƫ¼ҵӵܡȻһ
鳤ϼһȲҲһ̧־ͳһץһ״ȻϱץסץסˣҲ
ͷһתһһߴе볤ҪСɱΡһԼٳһȥ
⻰鳤ҲᣬһƻٱСͬŰһվץ
Űһ˵ƣһͷʱӲĸоָо֮ܿԺ֪λ鳤Ҫƫ𽣹⳯ȥֻҪ嵽棬˿鳤Ҳݡ
һҪ鳤ãͷޱȣЦһСɫҪ񣬻Ҷֶ֪ôдҲײˣ㵹ù㱻ͷȥ֮Ҹɱ㣬֪ҲΪ㱨Ԭȥɣ
ȴ˵һȥȴһڵԼǰ档תԪʮֻȻ鳤ϲãǵܹƣ滹Ǵץʱǰ·
ϴˣӵˣ
һһһûٽһ䣬ݻУת˲ֻغΨһһޱȵĽֱӳϺ˹ȥ


һ ϳ

У鳤ϲǵھȻǵӦ顣
ڶ˳Ծʱ鳤ⷢǹȻֲãȴһӴƣͬϡһָ󶯼䣬ڸոӳƫŲԶһǰڣǰλΧס
СӣУ㾹ҲӣõúܣʮҲͷգͻƽ𵤲ܳ
⻰һüͷһзˡӲӣ
ߣϼȻУҲҪӣҲӣɲ㣡
˵䣬鳤վɳһץȥһӾŹںһ˹ȥ
ףʦܾȻŹ棬֪˭ôȻҪգѵǲɱͬţʦ治ɣ
һӰԶƮԶ˲䣬˻ףһȻ⣬Ȼһϵõĺϡ
úϹλ鳤ɫЩÿܿվ˵ԭǺʦ֣ҲãҲɽӣڡ򹦵¶ˣץв˵翹ܲϷʶһգںʦϣԼһ㣬Ǿͼٵʮذɣ
һǺϣͷþȣæӼϣʱ㣬ܰݼڽ֮£ǵΪ뺫һ
ԶԶһӻûһٺһ˵ը֮Уͷʱ˰أòҸӾȻˡ
ԶԶһȻ֪ʲôԵɣʧõϲһӵӼСһץֻǷ˴Ҫֽ̳⻰ڿ鳤Ϻ۹˸Ķˣͷʱ˼֡
ֻϳһ˵ͷ鳤ϵʦҲؿӣγͷγͷֻ֪ôһ¶һССӾȻܹ𵤻Ƶֳ
鳤⻰˵ͷʦֱִˣ뺫˵һ˵ɣ
ԣǰʵʵĽ龭˵һȻƶֵ˻һֻǱһ͵ϮЩ΢ɥʧǰˡһ˼𷣡
Ŀһۣҷһߣһ㣬˵ʵ
һԼĿǶһۣŵǰ򹦵ֻΪ˽λ±ολʦ֣һ𵤵ӣҲССӣλơ
˵Ĳ˵ƣǺԵɣʲô֤ôתͷ
⣡һתòָԼǰƶϣ֤ݡ
ȷʵǽǼĽϿ˿ƿڣ˵ţŶһЦý𵤵ӣȻӸǶۣ
⻰һͨ죬ôҶԺ˵һֻ֣һͷŭһҪһὫһǧвŽޡ
鳤Ͽڵʦ֣˰ɣȻˣʦΪ˹𷣾ˣ
Цҡҡͷ𷣻żһ֮ǲŷǶ˵һ˵ܹ֤ʵһ˵һ˵ȣȣô
һæҡͷһƶȷʵǵΪǵڵֵʦͻȻϮ֮ʱСһˣȴǵӳȣǵӳȣԸܷ񣬵Ӳ𷣡
ŶȻôһ˵ҲǣֵֵҲܻҲδأ
ʦ֣𷣱һһӣֵܵ˽𵤵ӵĹͨ
ţӾͲֵܵ𵤵ôӢĽһ˾ͽǰòնɱħĺħֺν⣿Ϲ
⣬ʦǿʶˣ˾ͽ˵֮ӣǧ겻ܱ֮ȵá˵Ҳһ֮ʣһ֤˵ɣ
𵤵ٴαϵ۹⣬м䣬ҲˡǾﲻͬһĺϺһ˶ԭ˵һ
λè壬һͬҵҪһ£ΪһҪƣղ˵Եɳݹֱϣ
⻰ƳһΨΨŵŵ˵ʦûжֻ֣˵ʦܼˡ
һЦ˵˼䣬ߣȥʦֵܣֻ˵˼䣬ĺģ


˶ 䶨
⻰λɫԱ䣬ͬǣ鳤ֻ΢΢ɫȻǷŭ
һ˵ʲô˼
ϣ˶ԬԬʦԹõӣڵǰ෬Ԭʦ֣ҲҪ֣ȴûλʦȴȣˣ˺顣Ӿʵλ졣
ðȻ֪ѵͬʦֵܣ¼ҽ̳ĺӵܣ⻰һһ٣ҧгݡ
鳤ԣλǼͬŵ飬ҶԷʵԼǿλԼߣǴʱѣԼ»ֹסæʦϢŭⲻС֮Ĵ֣ʦ֮˴ξʹ˹ˣʦֽȥɣҲ׷˱ǡ
׷ԣɫԻеŭȴûȫ
ʱһͻȻڵµӲҹͬ·ǵܲ׷׷
ţ
⻰˵λϣǶҲһ
ߣĹ㣬㻹Σ
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һҲ鳤ϲɫԺϹ˹ֵϣ±𣬶в֮ͬ˭ȳֵ⡣˵ǵȳ֣֤ݣ˵ȳ֣ҲԱͬҲ֤ݡڵǷܹסһҷʶֻһ
鳤ϵѵ뵱һôߣ֣
Ȥʦһ˵
һ˹ֵлϣȻλʦֵһˣϾʦ֪ܹȻУʱɾͲһˣǣλ׼䳡ϼӮ𷣡
⻰ڳ˳һüͷ΢壬ˣҪһսս𵤣
һͷʤᣬԬʦжҲֱܳ㣱ģ£һս
ٲֹֽкãøһսʦܣûɣý𵤵սһӣɸҳս񣿡
⻰мҵ˼ʮԣ绰˵ս𵤡ǲҳս¶鳤϶Ҫ˳Ц
ãȻʦͬˣҲΪϣһսҲһ취
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λ飬±㶨ʮ֮󡣶󣬸ԳԼȥˡһźϻصɽһľסء
ԴеʵսǶаգ
һҲ˵ʲô󻰣ֻǵ˵ͷ򵥵˵ӾΪ
ϹһЦøΪ˴㲻ʤܣϷҪΪͽƴһҲǽֻǲ֪Ը⻹ǲԸ⣿
⻰һû뵽ϾȻʱǰҪסԼͷʱм֮⣬һֱҪԼΪͽ෬ά෬չˣθϧҲҪԼסˣҲ˼ͬС
ţôѵ㲻Ըôüͷ΢
һҡҡͷϥݵӶлϿԸͶ볤£ֻ˴һս֮󣬻¼
⻰϶ʱϲüңЦðҺֱһͽͽȻ㲻ڰ£Ϊʦ͵սΪʦһȥʱԸǶ㲻ʤҲˣ
˵ţϾһ⽣֮Լ׵籬ը֮ⴿĹԱԼ׵֮ǿ˵⺫ĽֱԪӤȫˮ׼ˡ
һˣæƴǵʦ𣬵ӻûǽ޹»ǲʦ񣬻ʦʽٸ١
ԣһЦʦ񣬹ⶫ̫ˣΪʦò֣ǰʦ񣬵ʦ֮ΪʦиõĶ㣬°ɣ㲻ã͵Ǹհѣ˵꣬һ㽫ǽһĴȥˡ
һֶΣһԾͬʱҲƴǡʦͽ˵һϸ˳񽻽֮󣬱սȥˡ
úȥıӰһͷĸů˵ʱ˵ˣʦ˭˶ԣʮֶܣʦվǱ⺫ϸжˡóǵĦɵ뵽ҲݸʦҲһ顣
Ȼʦ֮Ҳͷһصпʼ


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һ֮ϣ˼ţһͷ֣Ҫһʱһۣҳĵ·
Ҫ˵һ˵ص磬ջʮַḻҲ˵ƬʵԱ飬Լı⣬ɷĹͬʱĽˡ
Щüջ񣬻ڶɱľ飬ѩֽ̽ãǺƷһʶ˫ޣʮĲƸֻЩûüЩֻҪˣΪпأʱڳ𵤶⡣
ĿǰҪ˼Щ棬֮ı䣬ȴϡϾǶֻǽ𵤳ڣȻңЩֶΣҲǿûߡ
ǵص֮ǰڲʩչͨ£»ҪСĶԸһصһˣٻҺͨ˰ٽ⾳磬ѾаյһɵֶξͶԸ𵤸֡οϻֶΣԼϵĽʵڲоų½𵤺ڸֶҪ˱ܡ
Լĵ·һҲ㵢飬̳֮СԴ˽ͼĥͨ˼ɣΪߣʶͷǿҲˮǴߣķҲ֮ǰһһⲻʶĥͨͬʱ򽣵򾳽磬ãʱҴҹȥ
ڵմճ֮ʱȻת˫ۿأһɾâֱһӣֻ׽𣬻׹⣬ߺһԼ֮һ˿ı仯ЩƷһȻӭƣû˿תۼնʮ˥
һϳһ˿ϲɫ׵֮ͲֹٶȣӦ֮һܹɣӦܹȵ˽˿ֶ˰ɣ
ڽնʮؽƣʮصʱ֮ȴǶȻû֮׽Ҳʱһնʮƾ
һ״ڲסһʧܿȻҡҡͷѹֽ˵ѧΨ򡯣⽣Դʦؼѧᣬ⽣ȴĥǲܿѧģһ˿ֱӽתʵΪ֮ǾͲЩҲ֪ʲôʱԼĽĸС
ԭһԼһнϽ̵ʮָ߳ټķֶãܹ˸ݽУʶҲԾǽ߳
ʶڶལã統ġ˽˿˾ͽ˵ġһѩġ˪ͥġоԼĲ㣬֪ԼֻǽʩչԲѣûнľڻͨΪԼĽ
ʶһֱ˼⣬ǣγɾԼĽѧϰ˽˿ֶΣǴĪѧֶΣΪĿġµȻЩЧȴԶԶﲻԼĿꡣ˵ʺԼתֶΡ
ǰոճҶԺ֮ʱ鲻ԽһХȴһ˿СԼ뷨ǽ׵֮ٶԼһֱԵ֮ںΪصĽ
̶գԺ֮Ρ֮ʱһųһԡȻһֶʮǿ󣬱ѰǿһǿĴȴԿƣʹʧܡ
ȻʧܣһҲɥͷֱҪԼĽǲһʱ顣ֲ飬Ҫεĥ
֪ǣһĴڣʼĥԼĽҲҪʮʮľ飬ɵĹ֮УѵʱǳáѰ𵤵ӶûĥԼĽ˵ӡ
Ȼ֮󣬺ôҲǲ˵ͥΪ࣬ɴܹѹһͷСĽֶΡ
Ҳʱ䣬ʱǶ̣ʱͿʼԼĽ˳Σ˵ȥҪɷţ
֮һһȴվ޹ֻýʰʰٽǰĵ룬ȥһ⳯ͨ¥ȥ
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һɵͨ¥һĴڣԶԶıøɫ󷨽ҫŹâĳЩ󷨵Ȼͨ¥˷ֺǿԽԪӤһ󷨡


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ͥǺһЦűǰһļʦǴֱʰû뵽ջô顣ǻոս𵤣㵹ãȻΪս𵤣˲أ
һڨڨһЦʦ˵ЦˣʦҲǷǵˣǷҪңҲԲܶˣֻӦսǡ
ͥԿ˿һԶһˣ˵ͷʾͬһ˵
ǱƢصĺһʦܣҲʦ˵ˣȻȥıԬʦ֣ǸøЩѵʦҾģϣȻҪԬʦָ
һһ㶣˵Ƕ˱鴫ҲͰˣԬɵ鶼¾Ͳ̫ˡ
һ΢Ծı飬һ㶣һЦԭʦûи˵Ǻǣ֮ǰҽ֮󣬱뺫£񺫳ϾǵʦֱϵʦˣһʦȣˣǺƣʦҿǺȵòˣʲôʱٷһ
⻶ϲı飬һȻԭ֮ǰ˵һͽе˼ǰѾӡ뵽Լһս֮󲻵иʦһƭƭȡʦ֣ͲЦ
ǵı飬ͥٶ˶һҲʶģǵЦѣЦǿţʦܿʦˣԺɲҪƺȣþʦֵͬа
һ˵Ц˿ûнգһ߲ٽ𵤵ӶΧһΪмĿߣ׷״յԱߴ
ɽһҲ߯ˣҲͰˣξսʦֵϣʦһҪúøһѵǡ֪̫ɽһҲӡ
ߣ⻹õ˵ʦʵǿо˴εص֮УȵڵʦֵܻãһССܹģֱӽˣ
ֱӴãʦֻҪĺãСӷ˾ǣΥŹ棬Сʹһӣò
һһöЩƮƮȻͷҲνһĥڳֱӴ֮νżܷȵȡ
˲ãƿ֮Ĺ⻪ֱ̨ԣԳӰǺϺ鳤϶ˡλһʱ̨˵ЦǴ˶ס졣
Ȼ˶ˣǱǿʼɣʦΣ
ãϻҲ˵˭˭һǶһ֪Ƕ˿׼ˣ
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ȻˣˡʦܵĲȶˣ
һҲ׼һ˦׽УһݽգǴŻ׵Ĺâ׽Ͻһɾ˵Ϣ
һִأһдʣһɹϢںΩһƾյһǿ㱻赲⴫ڳΧ˳Ծѡ
ʦ֣гնħģҲֻʦԽˡٽ
˳ԾĿ֮УһϳһΪʮʮΪ٣һٵ׹⽣بڿУһ硣


 
ƣһԹսˣ֧һĻֶ֧ģ׷
ЩԾȻģ⽣ġٽ⡯Ĳˡٽ⡯ľ硣
Ҳ˴ԣ˵ʦһСٽ⡯ɨһУܵնɱħͷҵʱֻԣû뾹Ȼģ
⡮ٽ⡯ڱǽҲû˲ųƲ̳Ϊеľ֣һھȻǼֱǲ˼飡
ǰȷʵ̫˼ˣ⡮ٽ⡯ųǡ⽣֮еһܹȻȻﵽĳ磬ɽǰٷ֮û⣬ʸ׷Ѱߵľ硣

ԭһڵصĴҲʹʱʱ򣬴ҶֻһţһˣȻΪֻ콣ȴǽǵĻͳͳ飬һɵҪһ̬
ʱ˵Īںˡ֮ǰҪһΪͽȻǱԸҲвΪʧõ顣μһԶԶ󣬱ûʲôˬϲԼȿ˿ڣͽܲˡ
ųϵһֻԽԽ˳ۣڶڴˣ¶ҪЦúϲ£죬ʱѾϲüңͲЦˡ
һԵ鳤ɫЩÿ˿ϵһֿ˿ϡ֮ǰҲһϢֻһڵɴǰʮȴûиСһСţȴҲʲô˲á
Σͷòһȷʵţ֮ж֮֡жԵõӣҪص֡
ڳԾͬʱֲƣΪʲôһŶɽһ̫ɽһ˿Ҳ٣ҲУΪξþûгһμ
һҲʲôϻϷ룬ֱӽǿӲ̬ȺǿֶʩչףнУΨʵʵʵһеĻֻԼʵǱչֳܵõ˵ӣŲֱݺͱ
ȴ˵ϣһٽһɹɽͰٽ֮תҲֱӽһɹĽ뵱ſչʾ沽Ϊƣм־ɵķɡ
ԶԣǶһ㣬û뵽һȻ紫һ㣬͸˰ٽľ硣˲ֱͬٵ׹⽣ܹоٲͨģԼӣܹ𵤱ȼ磬п˺Լͬڡ
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Σǹֽ꣡
ٽ֮£һϷɿһһƬ׹⵱ǻ״ٽȥϢǹꪣͬǰһ㷴ȥ
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ֻáž촫ǱעԪĵǹٽ༸ҲԵʮַÿһȵƷˮ׼ЩһٽǰȴԵЩ
Щεıÿÿ׹⽣ײΣԵð߲ʮξͲƣʮΣᵱѣ̶ÿһ׹⽣ʩչʮУǿۺǹֽһ롣ʣģٽÿһ֮¶Ѹټ٣ۼžҪɢ
ԼȻһ־ͱѹƣڷŭͬʱЦԳһ˿Ϸûͣ£һɸǿĽǹֽʧǰһ̣һӡһӡڽ
֮д֮һζһƾɣһöọ̵ֱָ̈۴ϸϹһööÿһö϶ġ
һ֣͸ɭϺѪζƺҪסռ䣬⣬һж
һʱ֮£ֽ̧ͷȥԼоԼжܵת⾹ȻҪķŲθǻ˼֡


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⻰һȻԭȻǴ⣬ҪĥԼȻһʤ֪ǣһٻҺÿһֵʮٱѰ𵤸ֵԪ˿ѷȻٽʮȴҲʶ̶ʱܹ֧ȥġ
Ȼһ׼ֻͷЦȻҪĥҵҾԸǣ
뵽һмʦֺƣССסңͿȻһսʤɣ
һ䣬һϽһתٽͬʱ׷ʹǿʽųޱȵĽϺȥֻžžֱ죬һ£Ƭ̾ͼð߲
״ΪһҪȫͻƣи϶Լ뷨һЦϷű仯һӡһģȵӡͭ
һӿд֮һӰӰ̶Ϣ㻯һ޴ͭͭûн棬صĽ棬ȴԳǿͭһ֣͸ֱӳһѹȥ
һ״üװһúãæʮ׹⽣ͭɱ˹ȥſֵס
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ǣٴδһӡ̺֮ͭһɫ˿һ˿߶ǻƽȴǿ˲ֹٱ׹⽣һնϣʱһĽʩչЩ
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һӡһİ׹ڿУϰٵ糤̵СͬҶƬһƮĶ޺ȴǽƷ죬ɼ̬ȡ
һЩ׽ӣЩ׽Сѩϼ˪æתʮֵȴҲСƽ᧿Σ
һĵĲˣ֪һ־ܹӡ֣ǽܽһˡһһеţպɳҲһСвʱĿȴǻˣҪϧһд۽һֱɱ
ͷһתһƣٺЦʦܣӡһУһʹһҲƲסˣһֲסʦɱǾʦֵĹˣ
һͷЦѰһȲĳһУһʤȻͷ˵ЩлԼ³˼ҪһѣʱȡĥԼʱٽһг֡ǸʱԼֵûУһԵĳҲʩȣ˵Լֱ³
ͬűԾȻƣúݵ˼õúܣȻҾǰ·һͷЦҲ¶ֻһ״صĺһҲ𻰣ֻһǵͨ죬ͭ˿ֵסȴĽһջأתҲԳһ˿޵ĳٻ
ͷϲ֪ʱ̣׼õӡȵӡϽ£
һ䣬̨ϣɫϢһɫƯƺҪʲôһߣΧкüиоһ˿вζ
һϲͷʱ򣡡ʱ⶯˲ĵͬ󽭱һֱӹٽ֮Сǰ⻪ٽʱųҫ۵׻â
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Ҳʩչڽ֮ǰһЩһסԵڡ֮𷨾ɬҲΪǰѾзֵԺԲơһյĻᣬǡǡӡһԪɬʱ
ٽʱһϵĸоȴţһܹڽͭͰ׽оƣ赲Լһʩչ


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һԪɬһӶܷ֣ôܸоܹﻹôתѵⶼʵɣ
ɫԽԽѿеӡѾ֮ò;ջǣһ֣Ҳˡ
ߣҾͲˣԪɬֻһ˲䣬ҾͲܹͻҵӡܹҳҵҲﲻȥɣ
գۼ¾ǴһġϽ¡ȥһɫֳ֮ƺʲôױһ㡣
һٿŶЩѿı飬΢΢һЦгֱͷͭȥ
ͬʱ׹⽣ֳһ㣬ޱȵϢʩչͬĽУʮŵ⣬ĳ˷˿Уնɱȥ
ǰвͬÿһǲͬĽУԼһÿһֳӳ⣬ͬʱֵõнļӳ֣˲乹һ·ѭÿһÿһеǰܹƾУռϷЩѸٵı
ֻһըӿдһͭǺȻͬʱը飬˲ָɢΡһһЦն
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ұһб䣬û뵽ʦҺò۵Ľ飬һһСϽ¡ͬں֮ʦʧˣ
ڷɱУԳһ˿üһЦһĿľΪ˿һһֵ̿ı顣ʲôûһŲ֮ǵȻƺһп
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ҡҡͷ㲻ϣҲǿžѰ˴߻ٽҲǲܣÿһвͬǾͷǵһ˿޽򽣡ĸſˡ
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ϼӴԪͬʱЦʦܻǲҪ翹ˣֻҪϸ䣬ñԽ飬նʮˣ
һڽ֮УƣһѸ𣬿д˵ʲô˫ۿأâֱ䣬һʱ䣬֧ŵİٵⶼƺʱԡ


˰ 
ãͽҪʩչֶˣ
˵ΪߣʵǿıǺϣɽһϣڽʮָʶһ֪һҪʲô
仰ûдһ˶ˡ鳤ϺЩ֪һѾ뺫µĵǣ׷׳ԾѡϾԪӤ²ûУȴǷëǣܿǾȻΪһյıѾݴʡ
鳤Ͽ˿ϣٿ˿ϼһɫЩ粻Щ𵤵һСڲ֮ǰһĲмΧ۵һĽޱȡ
ȴ˵ϣһԽԽǿʢҲԽԽԡֳֳֻջ裬ȻֻӰÿһӰһԽСΪģнⶼʼ仯ÿһⶼٵӰÿһӰ趯ͬĽСһ̣һھͳ˽е硣
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˵ǳԾһ棬һֱҪصĶһ̬оеͷĴôܣôܻûôལУôôôôߵ򣬲һ۷ģ
ȻʮҪһУһĽʵʵھǰ˵Ҳòţһ͵ʴף﷭ζֵܡҲǽ𵤸֣ͷһֻǿ򶨣ǾͲö֪ˡ
һкܿ콥ϳԭٽʱٽÿһնǰһкһ֮󣬺ܿЩ͵Ͻ顣֮Ͻپɢ̶ʱ̨ճһֽγֵģ
ʦֿɻֶΣûУʦҾ͵ˣ
һ˵ţǹһ˿ЦһݣٽͬУⳤӳŶɾȥʱɶϽٲϴ߶ݻڽⳤ֮Ҳֻͽ͡
ۼýⳤԽԽϵķŭͷȻ⣬Цһ̧׳һԲһžĻе죬ԲĶ仯ȻһͷģĲỢ
˾ޣһͷļ޲̤ƻǱ𵤸ֵĶ
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һҲԾͷޣܿϳϸɫ
״֮дζЦʦܣǵһһޱƳˣʦֵǲ䣬ͲҪˣ
һԣЦһʦֶֺΣֻͷòƲ̫ɽһаɣ
ΪһＷԼˣһ˵ϻ벻ҲɲۣǳܿܣֻҪܹȡʤʲôֶζõõġ
һһȻ״˵ͷԭˣʦܽˣȻʦ˵ʦֻܵЧˣ
Ч£ɻΪһƣЦʦʲôֶξʹˣ
һԵ˵ͷӴȡһһöӨ͸ıС


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鳤ΪԪӤˣҲܿ쿴ʵŻŶҪʤͷٰҡͷ
ʦּЦˣԣҳɣ
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㾹ȻһͷޣԾĴе
һͷȻһɱɱ֮ʱǴ󲿷ֶ֮УʶҲ㲻ܱ飬ȴһֽ޺Ϳ֮ĴڡʶѰҲϲǿܻޡڶĴϣһֻǵ˵ͷҲͣͷ֪ȥҲһҸ
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һһЦʦֿɻʲôֶξʹˣ
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״ţ˫״ӡ͵һŤȻںһ壬ɫ쵵Ľ壬ɫṇ̀ǹꪳһɱ
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һ˲䣬һжϳĺû򽣺һֶΣͷһȴ뷨һת𽣾һĨϵ׹ʱɣ಻ϵ
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ǣһìһȥ֮Ǳ𳤽ԥĻ飬ɢ
һţͷϸԼɺϣһǹЦݵ˽δɣʦһԣ
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ڶ𾪲ʹӡʱһͷϲԼһвûɣʱ䲻ܳãôһİԽò
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⸱·һ֣ڳһ⣬ֻΪļ˿һЩߡΣ˶֪ѾˣǻʲôľֶΣɡ
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Ŷһ뺮ԾŵĲ̤ƻճһǰȳ庮һţʱײһȣԼٶȳһȥ
ڳ˶ˣ鳤Ϻͺ϶û뵽ȻһȻ뵽ûԱһͬھ
һͷļޱըҲȽԱС˶٣鳤ϾȻȺϸӽæڵãʦ֣ǿ֣
ȴ׼ˣһȴͣҡҡͷԵƬ̣⻹ûǸʱ򣡡
鳤Բԣٳ濴ȥֻһȻ㲻ճֽ·ǲ̤ƻԱ
û뵽ʦΪʤǲֶΣֻⳡӮˣҲܵ𷣰ɣ
ߣһ𷣣ЦҼǰýѾǽ³ϣҶ¼кڸ֮Ҳϴˣ˵˭ҳͷңֻҪɱ˭ֻΪһң
³ϣһüͷһ壬ȻԭˣҪϲ㣬ӽ֮ĿɽԽԽ
ˣˡѾЩһļֻӷ񣬴ţָӲ̤ƻһɱȥ׼Աһνǰв׺ɱ
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ڶ˵Ŀ֮Уһ̧һץ̤ƻһݣ⼤£ֱӳ˹ȥ
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ħһĻ鳤һֱ̧ȥֱӴڶϣѪһƬݶֱӴš
һ˫ۻָɣϵʹҽвᣬæеô£鳤ϣΪʲôҪѹҰ
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ͥҡͷЦ⻰ɸںǰ˵һ䣬ߺߣ֪ɣڱڶ೤֮Уеλܹͽܣϯӣ͸͵ˡҿЩʱͻƽ𵤣˵ʦֱܻӱΪͽܣȻٲˣ͹ſûأ
⻰Ҳ֪ʵڨڨһЦҲֻҪһ˵ȥȻȻʱҲ׷ǰЩһԼĽЩ𵤵ӣһҲǿ֮ʣ·Щﲢ˵ġ
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ȻǰŰɣһ϶˵Ҳǿ󡣲Ըٴһ£Ǳȥˡ
һȷһ֮ڷвϰٵ󷨽ƣɫصĴüĳһɫ


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һɫ֮гԹϢƺ˵Թ޺Сⶫǵĺħһ֮
֮ʮ£Ϲ壬СҲоȻ̨֮бҶѹల¡һһҲཫ֮Ժ
յıһҲɱ֮ģֻڶἰ¼ҾȻһڸ֣³֮ݻ˼ҲöԷܣŻȻ֮һ֮һƽȥ
ıһ˿֮Ӵһ·˳ǳžͱɱû뵽֮ЧʮְȺǡ鳤ǰͷĲͷ׷ױֳձ鳤϶
ˣǿǽ³ϵķϣ鳤˵Ҹڣǰ¾ƣ෣ʮģ֮֮ˡյ棬Сӣкڲ࣬òϳͲ
һ֮˵һ˵ĺöһԹ۲һҲ֪̫а죬ԸӽӴ·̨ȥˡ
һսһ˵ȷʵĲСջȴҲСһǰ¶ʵȻ̣ȴҲܹøıٴ𵤸д裬ʵ²Ľиĸ
󣬻һͷ޲̤ƻȻһڻ˽⣬ȴҲֶ֮һֻӾɣӽһܹԼַ֮Ľ˵ԺܹԼƻޡ
һ뵽ּһѵĻ޳зɱȥ˸ʮͷϰͷԪӤ˶ˡ
ȻЩƻҲԺһʱ䰲źĻ棬ϾΪʵǵһλ顣
һʣµʱ֮ѸٶɹҹһϤһתԴɻʦ𣡡ȥȻǺһЦվǰ
֪ʦǰͽδӭӣȻӦʦһһ˳ʦһʦϽԴ
˷УϺǺһЦ˰֣ͽ̫ҳΪʦͽȻ̶գʦ֮񶼻ûɣʶҲЩʱˡ
һ˵ͷڣȴҲ״ԳԺϵ
Ҳ棬ȡž͵ض̧һӣϣǧ˲ɡһĻһУɵð˭˵޲󷨣ͬʱҲȻˣϾܹﵽԪӤһĴڣǲǼοþˣʲôһЩҲ
ʦͽ˷£Ϲеѯ˼һǷ֮Գһ˿ζЦݵΪʦ㣬ǶͻȻ񣬿Ϊ
һһΪ޷죬ȴû뻹Ǳ֪ˡ
ʦ𣬵ӡ
һͣȴϻִϵ޷˾ˣҲҽͣǶ¼ҵСӣΪǲ˵ÿÿҪɱΪֻһ£ҲַҲʮֲΪʦۼ⣬Ҳ鳤Ҳ̽̽ڷ磬ûпȻ¼ҳ˽³ϣ˵þܿЩΪʦѾֽǺۼĨȥˣǽ³Ҳľˡ
һѵ⣬û뵽ȴ˵֪ⷬԭʦû˵仰ȥȴΪƨȥˡ⻰ĵͬʱҲһЩԾ
ǿһ뷨΢΢һЦ˵ͽӵصЩþƻβΪʦҲһ
һû뵽һ磬æȡԶһ̳ȥſһǶʯ̳ӾһաʹһҪȡʱ򣬺ϰ˰ֵȻǺþƣЩҲ㹻ˣʮ֮ǰʦϣɵúú׼һʱвٳԻǰƣиʮ̳Ҳ㹻ˡ
һԣ˼һת֪ϿеġԻһԪӤĴڣæ˵ͷʦģͽһ˱ջû̫࣬ȴҲ٣Ҳ㹻ǰˡ
ָһЦһջ񲻶࣬ýȥҪЩԳƾӢԵҲͲ˵ˣΪֲٽù⾳磬ˣһͷԣѪޣټúܰպһҪ֣ܹͬﵽ߼ޣֱѱǸǲأ
һԣͷЦѣ⺮ԵԼһﱾѪԼնɱ֮󣬵Ƕ֮·ʲôԵҪǿǲˡ
Ȼ⻰Ҳֻͷںϵͷǡ󵽵벻ǣǺܾԶ֮ˡ


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˵ȴ΢΢һתǵãվԻҲǻְˣҵ֮ҪĻΪΪʦҲвٱִɬӴ˳٣ͽýǲǣ
һԣ֮˵ȻǺ֪Լûз̽󷨣Ž˺֮³Ѱˡ
һ˲ͬ˵ֻõʮ֮һʱȱ˸ãһŷͨҪʡʱʡҲ㲻ϵУ󷨸Ǽ򵥣Ϊʱ١ʶ˶ԣе飬˵Ҳʲô
ȻںϵĹģһҲĵͷǡ
ĵ˵ͷſڵΪʦ˵ţҲǾԵٮٮߣ֮£ΪʦҲֻܾԼܣڵ·ѡ񣬻ԼĺáЩ飬˵һڷǺ㣡
һԣɫһ࣬æΣʦ̵
ãϻԶˣشǰΪʦ˵ĻҲ˶ߡҲֱ㣬㿴һ飬ʵȴˡָ⣬иɢΪԱҲɣʶŷΪȻ֮һһЩϹѹŹɭϣѹƣ¶໥Ҳеģ㰲һյ˵þҪСҲǿܵġȻѰʱҲǲࡣʱʱ򣬶֮ΪԱЩʲôͲܹԤϵˡ
һɻ֮ѵʦ˵Ǵ˴֮²ɣ²ӦǼôѵʲôӰ첻ɣ
ҡҡͷЩЦζҲԴɣӦ֪һƬؽ飬˵˵ʲôֵħģ
һһ㶣ҲֻҲûףòҡͷʦָ㡣
벻ͨҲϾֻڣûܲذΪʦҲԿƤëһλõʦָ㣬ҲҪԻС̾˿һ١
һרţͷҲ̾龹Ȼ漰ذѹʦԪӤ۽ҲҪԻˣ
漰ϹţȴϹ֮󣬵ͳϾزȫڤڤ֮бнʮһΣΪش٣֣˻һ磬磬ɽ綼Ѳãˣɶ֮Сʮ֮ڼٽ
ʲô⻰һٸһû֮Уͷתʱʵ֮оĿ롮ѡصĳӹһܵĸоӿͷ
ʱ̫ƪ䡯һ֮һתԶ쳹Ժӡ𶯣ʱħϵĸо֮г
תıǺһеʱҪ־һ
һתϱָԭ֮ϣ޵ʮ֮漰ǽ𵤵ҲҪħ˷ֲܻѣû뵽㾹Ȼܺãܺãԣʵ˵˵һӦ˶֮ˡ
Ӧ˶
д٣֮ȴҲдˣӦ֮˱ܹڴ֮У󼰵ĺôﵽĸ߶ȣҲǳɾͲҵҲߣ
ʦˣӡ
ҲعǫǲӦ˶ˣҲΪʦ˵㣬ǱǣǱ㲻ǣãҲѲá벻ǣҪڴ֮´ǿ˵ֻޱ˵ܹ̤·˭˶֪Ҫ˵֮䣬δзħ֮ࡣΪô˵Ҳףɸټˡ˴һۣӦһˣҲǴ˴࣬ҵȰһ˿˵ôˣҲ׵ڻҡ˴ֻǣ˵ʽ٣һаɾ룬ص壬һ𣬵ʱǲ´ҡ
˵ٿһȴûǰĳԾһȻƺشٶɡʱһͷʵҲƽϾҲֻһ̤ɽëͷСӡ
һͷײڴ֮ϣҲһηļԣԼԼŽ˳ͷźش٣´ңһҪҡϣɾǲҵ
Ϻܿһϸоһս⣬ϳ˳Ծǻϲ֮ɫ


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ս⣬һ˫͸âƺʲôͨʲôԺһݵͽлʦ𣡡
ԹһЦðã㲻Һֱͽǵûб֮ѹ壬ս⣬õúܣش㲻䣬պܳɾҵΪʦͽ֪飬˵˵ɣ
¸߰ĽǴٵ飬̽ûǲĶ׷˵˳һԽȥͷԽΪ֮£ܶ뷨仯ʦͽһҹ̸ϵҲ˲١ֱڶ峿żϻȥ
úȥӰһ̾һСףкε뷨
СҲ˺˵һҹû˵һʻβŵʦȷʵ˵ʲôû㰲ţȴҲһж㰲źˣشҲ˱֮⣬νǱҪڴ֮»ڻңʦ˵һ㣬ȥһ
һ΢΢һЦС˵⣬պ»ҪСչˣ
Сԣһٲػ
֮գһͷдٵ飬˿иڷпҪһɡԾȱһЩܲԲڳ־ãֻܹʱԼӳһˡ
գǺ֪һʽʦ֮աǰʱǴʦ֣ʦ֮Ȼˡ
һͬһǰ˵Ϊ׽Ǻϵס׽֮л䣬ƣʱ޿̲ʩ׵Ϣͬʱһɹɽ䣬һĺô
˵ʱ򣬴˴壬ܿɵӽ˼Ӻ潫󺫳֮󣬱½½ĶʮԪӤǰг˱ųϣʮһԪڣ貨źҶŵĳϡ˵ЩԪӤ˶Ǻϵཻ֮࣬ǰΪ֤
ЩԪӤ˶˸Եӳ׽ϣϯ˷վ󡣱һϵ
˵Щ˺һڣҲɻ˵ǴɣҲ˵޾Ը̵ӵĳϾ͸٣ʶͽҲս𵤵ӣȻйӵ಻йϵ·ţʮϡٵġ
λԪӤɻʱ򣬱üλӴȥ˵Щʲôԭǰһ֮ս𵤶ʤϢʹɣ˵ԪӤϲ֪𵤵ȴǼ˽֪ϴ飬жߣһڳ϶ʱһ
ø϶ճ¯ŵӾôȥˣǲԣһ־˸üһ
ǺǣǰСһܹٽ⡯Ҳ˽ˣϺǼ˸˰
óЩöддҿҪͽأСһʦСˣҲҪֱӸΡ
һڳϱȤǼһϣ˵ЦҪһųҲȤĴһҶŵļλϣҲϵһǵ֮ˣϴرȵЦ⡣ȻƵҶԺһʶ̽顣ֻЩԪӤ½ƾ۶ʮҲЩĲͬ
λһЦöȻеģͽҲΪ׼һЩҲСǼͽܣֻҪóҺõҾøǱǡ
ںʾ֮£һȡ̳͵ÿһλԪӤǰλǰСڵصãձ˻ᣬǰǣշСӡ
⻰ЩǰȻʯ̳ʮִªںϵϣȴҲò¡ôʱгϸȤֱӴһ̳һɹζƮ
ƣǰƣ
ʲôƣôܣɽϻĺʮ𶼱ȹˣôа𡣰ǰƣˣ˵ǵصףѹ֣ѹְ
ص壬Ȼƣ඼Լõģôô࣬ѵҵһȺޣǵĳѨ˲ɣ
ǺƣڳϷ׷״Ȼÿһ̳ǰÿһ̳ޱȵζгϿѯһж٣Ҫ
ȴЦ赲߾һһͽһһ̳ˣ˭֪㹢ֱһ̳ơԼ಻ȣ㻹ɡЩǰĿɲأҪʹʹĽͳأ
⻰ǼλԪӤԴεһЦȻһˬȡΪƷҩǸЧõķÿһʯһͷһ㶫ͶԶǮˡҲ֪ⲢȫǸԼǿںϵϸġ
˶͵òˣżһλŹɽԪӤ΢΢һЦóһЦʦ޳ССֶɣ


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λŹɽΪţ峤ϣֻ뷢԰ףȴǱƽͣɫνĺ׷ͯաǰϯ֮ʱ϶رʦ֣ҲΪ𾴣׵һλȻ˲õ
˵һָˣҲ֪޳ԪӤ˶򵥣Ȼ˿æһ񣬳лᡣ
峤ϵ˵ͷϿһۡ΢΢һЦ֮䣬㽫׽֮һ󷨣ƹرգƺ˿šֵˣʦˣ
£ǱھӢҼҺҲԨԴֳΪʦܰͽʦֵľͳһˣ
˵գ峤ϽǽУԭƴСĹǼͳִСһ·ɼϾȻϹģÿŸһ׾Ź֣ÿŸŹɸľŹѭ֪жٸŹ
̧ͷԼȥһֻԼһ˿ǶУ޾֮СٲԼƣѭش
һ˿ǰȻתŷԼڵ֮ϣǹǻתƺһйȥգۡڶ˳ɫĽϣĿԼͷĹǡǼԼжԳһ˿Ծ֮ɫ
峤ĵ˵ͷ̧һָڹϡùķ׷ܶһŹʮķʽƶţʲô
ؾŹ
峤һִһķ֮УٴηɻأһöƬС
˿Ƭ峤ƽ͵ɫȻһ䣬ҡҡͷٴδһ»һöƬڶöƬɫѿǵΣһöƬ֡̾һ
õһöƬʱ򣬺ɫϲŨŨõڶöƬЩɻõöƬʱ峤һ̾üʦ֣αΣҲ̫ˣ
峤ɫ΢΢ףȻǷŶֺķ˲ȴǰ˰ֵöƬɣ˵ţһ֣öƬһС
һöƬֻϱ棬һģüԭ˼ֱǡססɷޱȡ
Ȼ˼ǽҲ֪ȻǼ򵥶⣬ɹĳл
˺ͱϣһʽݺʦʱϹȻͳһڲͬǣûһƣ󷨣ĶûһȻһȴнĲϣˣ㲻ϱֻǽ̥ˡ
һɻʱ򣬱ǰһλҪԼͽܵɽЦǽֱ̥ʰ㾹Ȼһ־ͳȶˣˣͽ˿
⻰ȻЩ˵ЦһڳϺȻЦЦŵʱ򣬿һǽ̥ʱȴЦǳԾƺ⡮ǽ̥ʲôϺõĶ
Ҳͣ˿ϯζȣ鵤׷׳к㣬һգŻȥ
ˣ׽ֻʣʦͽˡϴȥ֮󣬱һصԼķС
ʦͽԶ΢΢һЦΪʦġǽ̥ȡɣ
һӦŵǽ̥ȴҪ뺫ϡȴҡҡͷЦɾΪʦСȻͣûһôĽ̥
һԣæҡͷңʦ裬Ȼ⽣̥зǷֻ֮ǵ޶ûְܷˣ
ϹһЦСӣ˼̫ʦͽҲؼɻ̫࣬ҪΪʦ˵⻰Ҳ˽̥ȷʵͬѰΪʦҲ͸ˡ
һԣݵʦָ㡣
ãҲ˵˵ǡ˵ǽ̥ǷףɽһԶǵʦ˳ɾҵ֮ǰһ֮ص˵ϹŽɲɼǳáƶɡ⽣̥һд֮ʮһ
һһû뵽һ̥ȻҪ׷ݵɽһʦүһϹʧġ뵱̸˵أҲἰΪĽʺϽ޵Ľ
ҲΪûеõźֻ˵СУԼҲòϣʶмǿᡣû뵽ճȻԼϣ˵νСԼʦˡ
ϼһһ˼״˵⡮ǽ̥֮죬ƥѰƷ⣬һƪˡϹŽʦõǽ̥ʱ򣬱㷢ָڽ̥ϡϹŽֶʮ£ѧֻ⡮ǽ̥ʩչ


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һӺϻ֮һ˿źȷʵȽ֮Ȼƹ㣬ȷʵ½޵ź
ҲǸ֮ˣһЦ֮ܵǽ֮ˣԸԣ졯˽ʺԼĽʶԴ˵ý̥֮ˣͿתϵġ˽̥ķ鱦뵱꣬ʮǽ̥ʦȡһɽɽݺܵҲǽ˻֮ɡ˺꣬ǽ̥ڵз׷׳ÿһڶӳޱܣɾһϽжΪ˾ƷмΪ鱦͵һǰƷڱһλУնħ¡һڡǽ̥ϡ
˵һһû뵽Լǽ̥ȻһȴǱϴ͸Լתһ룬ͷΪʲôЩ˼ⶫЩĽˡ
ʦ𣬴̫أӿ²ܳܣ롭
ҵĵմӣԶΪʦ⣬ִ˭ȻǲԸ⣬ҲԽţͽ֮ʱбʵģٴȥˡΣ㻹Ͻô
һԣͷһתݣл֮Ͻע˵꣬
ЩٴοڵǣٽʦƬΪʦɣ
һȻ⣬ҲƬóݹϡֻһƬһģüͷ΢壬ȻҲܶݡ
һָƬֳָʱȴִ֣дŵǡ⡱֡
ü˼һ֮󣬺ţԭˣش࣬ʦ־Źĵ洫а;ز˿⺣ǽΣ֮ˡ
һô¾Ȼ롮ش١йأɵ峤ϾȻǾŹɽһ˵ĵӣɵóһѹ뷲˽ʿͬǿ׵ֶΡһԣ˵þǾԼ˿ȴǱ˶Ҫࡣ
һ֮󣬿һʲôϣҲˣȷʵʦΪԣ㼪סû뵽ʦΪһԣ˵һԱ˺£֮Чԣ˵ʱܹӿϡش٣˴ףΪʦҲԱ˴λطű׼չسͻƾ磬۳ɹ񣬶ʱ䲻շʦֵܶˡʦֵаţ㣬ӴԿش֮ҲǴףܹת˵˵õֿ֮ࡣˣΪʦЩӣ㣬֮ؽ֮һȥȥɣ
һһ㶣ӽʦţ
˺󣬺һһݽȥˡ
ʽʦ֮һһʽס뺫ڵ׽֮С׽ǳϾŨȱɽ˿ۼԴܳаıʹĥ򽣵ٶȸһѰ߻ħ
ȻҲס䣬ҲͬԼ˵ȫ̵ˣûûҹ˽Ҫתܵ˵ϾѼһ㣬һԶණǡ
˼䣬ȻΪߣڽһǲ࣬ÿնϱŽϰգգûϢȻջ٣ȴҲп಻
һͬϷǵ⽣˵ϳĥнΪͨˡ޽򽣡ĺϣһʮаҺ׻˫޵Ľһ⽣֮ͨúϵĻ˵ȡ̣á
ʦͽնһ̶ֺʮʱ䣬һֻԼǳ
ԷֻٵУһֻܹٵֻҪֺ⻹Щ˳ˣҲʮˡڽԼҪʵһ磬ԼĽҲֻһ֮ң
ͻƽ𵤣ϵһżһҲԼȻԲԲڣʶֻǴĥԲڵģҲǿͻơ
һ˶ʮգһ죬һڷߴٻæת˹ȥ
ֻһЦվڵϣһЦͽû뵽ôĹȴǻΪʦ
һһ㶣˿һƣԭһǱȡţٽǹ֮˵ʱ֪ǵصĽ̽ˡԼռһ˵һռ˾ųɣȻǲСĹˡ


 
ʦ𣬴˴οɵʤԼĹһһؽĹ⣬ΪԼ嶼һƬؽ磬ħʤ˵þҪֶǨǲڴ˵رˡ
ԣһЦȻɵȫʤҲͰˡ棬ŵ˾ͽˣſһԪڵĪƣҶŵѩ£貨ŵļ̣ÿ˶ȡѩȻþŵħЩħͷŲѡ
һԣͷ԰úֵ񿴹ɵֵʦΪֵĿŵӣ
ҲΣ΢΢һЦѩѾͷȻһҸ͹˵Ӧõġ˵ֲ֣
һһ㶣ȻڨڨһЦҲ֪˵á
ҲΪ̧׳һ׶һĶѾͷôֱʣͳһƷıع屦ΪʦҪۺء
ǣһӹҲɵôһɵԼһ伮Ľ
νǣǼ֮ص£ǧżȻһ㣬ôǴ߻ޣƳɷޣһɣ弶Ĵڶиͨ
Ʒ쿪ǡȻȲ鱦ҲܹгɳƷҵƷ磬ֻҪһ֮߻鱦ĻԶԶͬ˵ѩе˪һöɡ
ʶһöǣһƷ䱦ѹֺ˵ԼĽˡ
һͷЦһλʦȻģ˶ݣӿȪ౨ˡöǣҲò׼δֻţպˡ
һϾֻûһ㣬תΪʦΪ˴ٵһƷͲˣû뵽Ȼһӱ̵Ʒ䱦˵⹦ʹ󲻴ʰ
һϲἰԼҲ˵ѩ飬ԼƷ䱦Ҳһ㶣ɻʦǲǸˣӲӡξܵõƷ䱦أ
ϹЦûûûӡǿ㹻ȡƷ䱦һҲ˵ԱһȻ¸ӡ̽ĳȥڵӡǣҲӡǣȻҪͷϣһԣҲ֪˵˺ãΣ䱦Ϊʦ̲סٴۺˡ
һԻȻȴû뵽Լײ¶һ˻㣬Ʒ䱦Ҳˡ
ϼһȻʲôæߣΪʦߣöȥȿɾͳԿˣ˵ţֱһ㳯ⷽȥ
תۣ˱档ƽı⣬ȴеǵһǰҲкЩϴŵ˴
˼кüǳڰʦģǼʦͽǰ׷˹
ٺ٣Ϻͽܿ˵ðҲ֪ε˶ٺôӦٵƷ䱦˰ɣ
ߣ㲻ĵҿ˵һƷĺöأ
˸ͽܣɲܲҴţ˵˵׵Щʲôôأ
ϼ״Ŀһۣóһöһ㣬ԳһһЦǲµĲͽʵҲ˵һ⻹ͬһⲻһƷһƷ
⻰Щ̾ѣµҲΪĽȻһǽ𵤸֣ص׵ڶ㱾ǽᵤ޵ĵ̣ҪѰڵһʮֱ̬ҪǲܡʶǴ඼һ֣ͬ˼ȻԸߣõĽһƷ䱦ˡ
ںϲûʵʵ˵һҲʮ⣬ϾҲ֪Ʋ¶סĲ˵һƷ䱦¼к򣬼ԼʵȵϽ𵤣Ҳ⣬ɱ˶ᱦˡ
ڳһñٴοⱦ޶ÿֻܽȥʮˣ֮ܽȥһͼҲ磬ܿͽС
뱦֮У϶˵һ㳯ɽһıȥԶǰ·ȴ̧һָһ󷨳֣žȻһş̌һģø֨һһС
һ״Ϊ棬ҲתһȦûз滹һ⣬ﱦӫӫȻÿһǷȻϲãƾԼĸо֪Ȼ汦Ҫһ


Ű 
ߣȥҲһɻű㳯ȥһƾͽŹˡ
䣬һæʵʦǣ
ϺǺһЦͽǱڶ㡣ĶͬԻһֵֻܻõġҸЩǹΪʦϴûд
һһ㶣ҡҡͷʦԵɣͽӹ
ϵ˵ͷʵϴҲԸ㣬ϴεĽˮ׼Լ裬˼ҲȫȻ˷ˣοйأⱦҲԳ֮˿šʦͽϵҲܴأ
һԻȻԭ˴˼Ķ̫߼ɹڡҲˣΪи߲㣬ȨҲǵȻ֮£ûǲǲ뵽ԼݸʦȻô٣ǻȡﶼиѡ
ϼһͨˣҲٶ˵ʲôǸʱһ㣬첽ǰ棬һ˱ȥŸʽһв֣ûмƵıڷڼϡ
Ͽһӣɫ΢ϲ̧һץһ֣һöɫʯһöɫʯҲûʲôܣֻǶƷͨͨʯʲôҲûץסͲϷŵȻһ
ûбȣ֪˱ͲࡣЩϼһ֪ҲϺķƷĻȡ
ĵ˵ͷֱ̧㳯һһ״æסʲôúЦʯϹһɡ̫ϵı࡯
̫ϵ࣡һһⲹҲͰˣǡ̫ϵ˲õĴڣԪǽȻһ㣬кôν˵ûһöԪѰֱӾת˷ȥˡ
ϼһԾҲΪ⣬ǺһЦ㽫Լ֪˳Ϲഫ֮дǵ컯һ壬ǣǴԶʮֽܳҲʮǿû˶޲˵Ǹʱ壬ǿ塣ÿ˶ţҴ嶼֮ܽǸʱĵһƽʱڲϷܣ췱쵮֮к֮죬ˣһһֱϹ֮ǰ㾡Ǻ壬ʮһܹУǧвһ˿ܽߵΪǽɵǸǧһڴ˼Եɣǡ̫ϵһɣ⡮࡯޲첻㡣Ȼﵽ첹죬ʹ֮󣬿ؾչǿǣԣǿѪֺôɾഫλʦ֮УǬɽһǬʦʹù࡯Ȼ޳ɵǷֱ֮ӹϵǾͲɵ֪ˡ
һմӡ̫ϵĳԾתֱһ˵ĳȡɵڴĶô
ܿ죬ͷʵʦ𣬼Ȼ⡮࡯Ϊûȡˣ񻹷ڴ˴
Ƕһһʮ⣬Ц˵ĲȺöȻڡǰұ˵ˡ࡯Ϲ֮Ǭʦʹùٷ֣ҲԲˡ
ʦ˼ǣѵһ鲹Ǭʦʹùһ鲻ɣˣôỹأ
ϵһЦһ˼ù֮ı߽ϡ
߽ϣһԣ˿öûߵġ࡯뵽ȻǱ߽ϣͷһʱ֪ʲôζ
ܿƽɳɵʦָ̣֪⡮࡯ġı߽ϣЩʲôôûãʦҲõȡˡ
ĵ˵ͷȻǱ߽ϣҪ˭ԣһǬʦǿ϶ûõģΪʦ㶫Ҳãǻһ𵤵ӣãٺ٣˵Щô
ԭˣʦ˼ǣ顮࡯㹻֮ϵʹãȡĴȴƷ䱦Բܹڡ
ڨڨһЦ𣬺Ǻǣһԭ򣬲һأ⡮࡯ϾùһΣµĳҩбȥĲ˵ҩΪʦƣϣҲֻɲȻΪԽͣЧԽȴҲĳɡ⻹һܣǡ࡯֮еĲֱʹڣǲܹ»ֱըˡ졯ɣ˷


ž ȡ
첻ɣɷһԣɵͷ󺹣̧ͷһźϡ
ϼ״һͽıǣΪʦȻдġѰʹã˵ΣޱȣȴͬˡΪˮ׼ģľǽ𵤵ӶȲʶ˵ǶҩĶԣȴһǲҩֻȡˡ࡯մĥҩԻ֮У߱ȫͬʱ˹ʣȻܹȻﵽ졯Чˡ
һԣһȻں˵еŰɣҲԼʦ𸶳ô࣬ҲΪ˽Լȥ֪شٽһǿʵ߶ɽٿֶܵΣҪԣ֮Уڻǲź
һһԥϵȻһЦȻ㲻Ը⣬ΪʦҲ㣬˼仹вٺôãֻǶԣ۹ֶΣ˵ȫǷȱķȻĶԼѸΪʵķˡ
һԣҲú˵ʵȴ֤ʦ˼ⲹʺͽ
ҡҡͷºöȥˣڴ˼䣬Ϊʦⲹ࣬ȷʵʺ㲻
һصص˵ͷãȻʦ˵Ӿѡ⡮࡯ˣ
⻰ʮ⣬ЦԺԻлΪʦΪѡ˴
һĹһ񣬽⡮࡯
ܱһѡ˺üΪᵤҩ֮ƷˡһȻò࣬ǾƷûкָ㣬Ҳ벻һЩá
ʦͽ߳⣬쳤ϴһк֮󣬱һͬɻ׽ϲûһһʦͽ˶֮ϣϵϷһס
ʱɫȻ֮͸һ˿ᣬһȴмͬҲϧ֮⡣֪Ƿֱʱˡ
һͽҶ˳ΪʦͽʱղãʶȴáΪʦ¹¶ϣûʱȻѰͬʦֶΪͽΪʦȻ޲ɢ֮ϯʱ޾ЩʱգҲǾΪʦ֮ͷ޺ĵ·ض᫣ܱбģȻܹΪģɾһҵһΪʦչأɲǻ֮գʦͽ֮ɣ
ʦ𣡡һĸ߽һͷͰݡһ˳ʦʱȻʮźҲʦͽꡣ
̾һ˰ֵȥɣȥɣԵ
һȻ꣬ȴСŮ֮ˣصĿͷ̰𽣹⣬׽
һԶȥһ̾׽֮дӺתһǾŹɽ峤ϡʱ峤ϸϽɫǣ̾ʦһĽҲȥΪܹн˰ɣ
ҡҡͷıĽᣬȥȥģֻܿЩˡֻ⺢ӣ;ʦ㡭
ش٣٣˭Ҳס˭ֻԾȣ;Ѳ⣬Ƕ֮࣬Һķһ㶫ܹæһɣʦľˣ
Σֻܿˣˣлʦˣ
֮䣬̸л벻л
ȴ˵һ뺫жƣô˴ħֳʤ֮󣬼ȥѰᡣõĽڱȡֻܹ꣬ʮ겻С
򹦵Ҳȥƫֱַ𵤵ĵطм𵤵ڷַһ˼һǰȵ˴һȡ֮أȥƫɡ
һæֵʦּ£г褣ǰȡһ񡣡˵ţϸ
ӰŰɵĽ˹ȻһɴԪ֮УикӡǣɵóһʲôһתæЦԭʦܣʦܵʵȡһҲҲ³ϼǡ
һȻһ˿죬Ҳֵˣͷʦˣ
ǽ𵤵ӿٵĻص棬Ƭ֮תһЦϲʦˣչ³ãȻҲʾӦˣ֪ʦҪʲô˵Ҹ鿴һ
һԣ㽫Լõ˵ǣ˵СҪ˻˵ʮֹȥһˣʦмЩܹ񣬼ǺķЩʱ䣬Ҳұǡ
⻰ǽ𵤵ӶһЦʦܵҪҲ򵥣һǺģ񲢲ΣգҪǺʱ̫࣬𵤵ӶϽӣһֱӵڣʺʦأ


 
ڽ𵤵ӵĽ֮£һҲʮֺʣҲ룬ֱӾͽл֮תȥˡ
ǽ𵤵Ӽһȥת棬һλϣݱڵ³ϵϣѾ˷˵񽻸һˡ
³Ҳ˿ݣֻǵ˵ͷһáͽˡֻ֮³һˣһΪҪ𵤲ſϳû뵽Ȼ޼ɵã˷ˣߣҵҪǣǽ㣡
ȴ˵һҲ׼ٱԣֱӻڣΨһ˵ȥֻѶˡ
һһ·򶫣þ̩ʱħŻûȥҲЩ鷳ԶԶ̽һȥˡ
˵⣬жĺжʿƽ⣻貨ѹʿ£Ϻռ֮ء
˴ڶǽ˳һƬȺ֮ϳֵĺЩѰĺͬΪǽӵԴںϵʿв󡣶гϷ㽫˳Ϊ񷢲
˵Ϊߣǿһ𵤼ʿ˵ȣٹ֮֮ǰʵ˵һ𵤵ӳֻ֣Ҫ׼ʱɱһȺһȺٲʶķʱճãѰҲ
һѸ٣ȴҲЩ롣ʱ䣬·ҵʵбͶ죬ûкʵĵطһֱɶݡһ·Ҳ㲻ƽҲüμ֮Ƕ͹һʵһ˽ꡣ
лһΣһħڵɢ޳ֽɱû뵽ǣһʵԶ󡣻úԺСףֱƾг㽫Էնɱ
ͣͣһ㻨ʱŸϵ֮һУһһҿջڶգһҵ̣һƬȺľλãߵȵȣһһŪἰǺʱȴ˻ԡ
һоЩè壬˵𵤾ĺȻȴҲôǿҲǿ󣬵õϢ֮ԼƻֱӳһȺȥ
һƬȺȺеٸдķϣûʲôԴȻûڡʮ죬ЩزʶɢޣǼߣȡ˵ס
һһһҹһϡ·ӭԳΣһߣһ꺺ӡڣ꺺ڡϾȻֻ£ҲоɲԲֵ
һ¶Ϣ߼ӭλѣ֪кιɣģ
һһ㶣⡮㡯ȻСز˼һת΢΢һЦжţǰһ
⻰ϲüңæ˵ǣǵôأڸ󣬻̲ЩѶ򣬵ѼȻҪǾȥѡɣ
һеͻȻ飬ҲȴŶ˱㳯·ȥһ·ϣҽܵһɼ峤Ǻһ㡯ĺôʱĴһҪ١һԴ˲û׼ƽ˹Ȱ˵֮£ǧ
ǧֵֻһöʯȴͷϲüҡһҪѰ˵طһʱ䣬ҲȻӦֻһ̽ʺ飬ĪֻȰ˵һҪ̫ãó˻¡
һҲܼҵľѡһСɽͷһɽסƻĵһڵڶǾǵȴǺǰ˵úķʱ䣬Ͳµʱ䣬Ѱˡ
һξһ¹ȥһһš࡯ϲҩȻ纫˵нܹȫҩš
һʱ䣬ѾȡһҩҲЩ仯ֻЩ仯ѭ򽥽ҲֻԼоȻΪûߣȴѸٵʵƺǾ磬ѪĳԲǰ
ʱһЩʿʮ˱ٹʿȻСҲ㡯һôˣҲټ
һͷһ㽫ͨ̽ȥһȺɷһ㺺Ӵܼ֮أȻûɱˣȴ޼ɵӶǵһء㡯һһ룬ͷ۲ˡ


һ 
һͷһת֪һȺ˿¾Ҫĺ˵еһ֡
û뵽ô죬ðɣȻˣҾͳֱǣ⻹С㣬һЩϣǰĺãһЦ𡮲࡯ɳɽתۼܼҾۼء
һĳ֣ǵܼ˳һһȺǲĿǽֱһ㣬ѡ
ͷʲô˰õһڵĺ˳ȻһȺ˵ˡ
ͷ״С˵ˣλǰġ˵ţתͷһѰ㶼Щˣûжˣ㻹һɣ
һԣȻ֪˼ȴ֪һ㣬ǰһǳôûˣЩʲôˣһЩΣ
⻰ͷһüŪۣһֻһȺһ㶣ЦбЦͷ죬СӾȻҪôֶЦ̫Цˡ
ǺͷҲ¸´Цһ󣬶ĿһᣬһЦҪǷֶҲǲԣֻۿ㸶أ
һףҳԵҲΪڻһղʳȴЩ֪ҪЩʲôۣ˵ҲԸأ
ͷһҪҲԣһһöʯô
һȻ״ԭǼˣһһöʯǹЩһһǧöʯǾȸһǧˣ˵䣬һǧöʯ
ʯǺܼ˶һһں̬ȣƺֻǾţһëӡ
һһĻ۵ףͷЦͬʱһ״ôѵҪǼۣҲ˰ɣ
ͷԣ͵һ̧ͷһֵǣҪ
һȺ׷׻һԷλΣҪһ㡣
ͷһԭزæѽѣ㻹ܣܰɣ
ܣܵˣߣͷȥǿÿϽɹҲ㣬Ҳͽɱˡ
ͷв˿޶Եһ̾һѣΪ֮ɣ˵ţͷҲأԼӵܺ󱲱㳯ȥ
һһȻеףڣѵҪɱԽѵǾȺĺɣ
ͷ¸һЦСӣڲ׹ȴ̫ˣ㶨ʲôӵܰɣвｻͶ˵ֵܻһ·Υ·
һʱ䣬ЩС׷׽һҪһδá
һǺһ˿ЦȻԼϣҲٷЩࡣãҪҵĲҲҪһϢֻҪϸңҾҲǲԡ
⻰ЩһŵĴ
̸ֱɱ
Ҫͽû̸
ͷҲһЦ˵ϻ
һҡҡͷˣ˵ҲǲȻҪҵĲǾǵɣ
ʲôŵСӣֵǣϣһɱĿԶһɣͷһ֮䣬кһȥ
һͷŸǿϢҲȡ׽Ϊѹڵĳ̶ȣһֻмĵķںɱǡǽ̥
ݡǽ̥ϵġ֪һʹý̥Ҫ֮뵤֮һšḶ́ԼΪߣ̥ὥγɷģΪγ󷨣ΪȻƣΪԣΪ֮Σ鱦Ǿ͸ݼͬͬˡ
ǽ̥Ҳֲһʱ䣬ʹúҲյĹ򡣹ʶҲֻģΪһķ
ںһȻֻȡɵɻ󡣵һһ֣ǱĲͬѰ˵Ƿ֮ӲҲֻ۶һȻӲôãһ𻵵ĺۼûС
ֵһԹĺоԾ뵽һڶʯôһƵķóһʮֽӽʵԭǾǷıʵȴǷ
ϲ챦ⶫ˵ܹϻģ˵ĶʹһŹǱĽҿɾͷˣ
뵽⺣ҲģеֵǣһҳСЩҪŪˣţԼҲһ󵶣ͳһɱ˹


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ҲСЩ°ѡǽ̥ˣһǹһ˿Цм۹⣬ãϲҾǼʶʶˣ
һˣֿ۳󶯷һɽע롮ǽ̥֮Уý̥Ϸųҫ۹âͬʱһ˿ޱȵϢҲӡǽ̥ͷų
һĻںǺͷУʵˡ֮˵ͷһҪǰǿᱦ
ʱһǹһ˿ЦһӣһԲ˷ȥһʱ䣬õ֮ҽ֮һȺһ˲㵹´룬վû⣬˶Щơ
һ״ĲСشϢٴ𽣾ȻҪʩչһС
־ŭΪһȫƾбһϮɱʮˣܹȫǻһɱˣͲٽˡ
ߣһȼԦͷҲصı㳯һ߷ȥҲһһ׷һȴͣ
ȥķһЦתصϡʱܼҲٴγ֣һɻһͬһ㣬æˡ
ͷŵһɬѣôҽǸɱ˰
һԹһЦɱ˾ɱˣȺģɱû£๼ѵܵѾĳòô
ͷһ⻰˵ЩԶԣֻ̾˿ɱûôطɱ˵ɱɱˣ»ڣ⣬⣬ⲻøܼ˻ô
ϳɾͷȻΪΣȴʮһǹ˵ġһҲֻڨڨһЦܵѷģĳȻһһ˵
ͷȻһȴ֪ͬԼܹԸģֻÿЦ˵˵һȺｲʲôܼҸطףֻðǨˡ
һҲ˵ʲôָָһǧöʯˣһǧʯ͵ĳܼҵİҷˡ˵꣬ͷҲأν㳯ɽϷȥ
ҹһڶѨ֮д˫һһЦ죬㻹ûҲգȥʶʶɣ
ɳѨöʮݹ⣬һ֣ΧЩݹ֮Գһʿбнߵˣʮ˲˵ĺԮˡ
˴һȺǼɱһİ˳ɱǵˣȻҴЩҪֻѪծҼ㵨ɼΣԼǱűһ·򣬿ɾͲҪºˣ
һԣһЦһȺɱӣ޶ڿʲô壬˵ҲЦ⺣Ϊװʿɣù裬ɱ˲գ۵ļһˡ
ӻص˿УΪһĳЩɵӵܣԺƭһõ֮ҪɱҪɵԼһһھԴǼң˿ûأǴʹʱŭڡ
ˣϣɱҪʬΣ
⻰Щĺͬʱһ˷ֶηųһ֣һ㿴Щ
Щ˵ϢɵģħĶУֶθ߰㣬ʹʩչиа֡
һֻǿ²ǿһЩȻܹһЩָ㣬һЩ乥ֶοԿӦɢ޳
ֻǲǿЩʶڵӱֻƾһȺ˼һ𣬳ΪһȺɱӣӶ棬ԼĽߡ
һֳֳҲûмû̫ĶҲûʮֻڵֶΣֻԼٴ䣬Ǳӣϸȴܷ־Ȼûһܹ䵽
ЩһըȴûһЧ˽Ի³һҲ۲칻ˣЩԻȴһЦһݣգۼһĺǰ
⺣һ˲һ㶣ɫ䣬ҪȴһһǰϷŴ󣬶Ǵͷ­䣬Ҳ㳯·ˤȥ
һٶ̫죬һȺûγ֣һĻУԾͬʱǼԣϾǿһ̵б󣬵ҲСʶıǽһ
뷨ʵǲ̫Զһδϴβͬһɱֱͣ磬ڶ๥֮䣬һ̻룬һ̱һǰ𽣳Ѫ


 Ͷ
һնˣ˿ˣһȺԴķ֮Уһ˿⣬ûܽһ˻᲻Լ
һ룬һȺͲģ¾͸ˡһʼǳԼ
һпһԣҲûʲôվɴڹ֮䣬ɿĹԼĿꡣ̶ʮҽд
Ϊ죬ǰһƲԣæеɱˣǲܽɱûȥ䵽ͷϣãܣȫɱ
ƺʲôͷ졯ͷأðУǶʱһǺԵ÷ƺһһĹϵҲݲһá
һȱ仯ĿǰһۣŵһˣƲһ˿ЦٶȶȻһͬһشÿһһҽУһ·ȥתۼ䣬ٴ档
ʱһĺڵѪܵʵڴǡͷ졯ͳʹкܲסĿ־壬߽ű㳯Զȥһ˶ߣеڶˣˣʣµ˼ƲҲòߡǰҲ԰ףһɶݶȥ
һƾնһӲˣ֮
˵䣬һֳ֡ǽָ̥죬һָָأɴ׳ĵνһһ·Ǵܶ˰ɣȻըһָͷϸĵ⣬ͬһ㣬ãԲ֮ڶס
ЩӶݵĺһû׷ӹһ٣޵ĵ֣ʱĻ˵
ʲôֶΣƣȻȴͷ컹ǿ
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һһͣȴҲ׼Уһ俪ȥۼƣǲ淽һתЩζȻ׷һĶվɱ˹
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ԭǱΪӳ۾ȻͣںϣǰһȹѣɷŮȤĿһöɫ
һԹ־壬ţֳָպݺݵĵһһۣ㵽ʲôˣΪȴнʵϻһͷļޣºʲôԩΪʲôҪҵ鷳
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һ˹ͷ̽У㷢һͼбһЩطΪ죬ǰɺߵ·
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ٴν붴֮УʱǱˮ󷨱ٴοǺˮŸɣǿ֮ԳʪҲովˮ
˴˿ƣһҲ˴·֮ͨȻ֣ܿ죬С׶˱ǰɱĴϡһ֮װεĶûһã˵˲ʬ壬Щ뺮
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СԣҲ˵ʲôĴ˿ƺûʲôֵܹעĶ㲻мһ׹⣬һȥˡ
һ̩ȻԹԵĿĶȴ˵ЩϵҲһôûСĲϣѰ䱦ǾˣʯҲҪʯӡһˣҲһ£㾡װ
һ˿뵵ĺţƬ̣ŵ˴Ҳ˴ţǾһӰɣÿˡ࡯˳Žǽ̥߾磬Ҳʹá
⻰Ȼ˵СΣŴ㣡
ȻСûһ㵱ʲõ⡮Ե֮ˡһɺռºĶҲ˴ҲþӵĵطԺվҪȥġֻռ⺮ŵң
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Ȼš࡯һÿһ춼оڱ仯ƺÿһ綼עҪһ㡣
̶һµʱ䣬һеǳԺչ˽ɣǿȸǿţ㲻ʹáɽоԼȻͬħ޵Ӳ˷ֺ
ΪǿɽͨĹעޣҲľŵչܹעʮҲ˵˵֮ǰǿ˽ӽһѰħڶǿһ֡
źǣʱǲϵĲҩȻĴһһʱ֮ͬڿ˼ˣòˮԴһˮ㱻ϵĸо
һּ˵ĲˬʧӿͷҲףȶϹš̫ϵƣ˵ҵܹҵҲԼܹȡõġ
һҪĵʱ𺫳˵顮࡯ı߽ϣǬʦʹ֮ͬҩԵӺɴˣɵ˵֮Уҩ
Թ࡯Чã֪жôҩ棬һһҲǲϷŹġһˣʼ𻯿ʣѰҩԵĹ


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ҩԲ֮ͬѰҩԲҩԣô򵥡ҪǽʻÿһطѰҿܴڵҩԡ
ڻʣһǿĽתһ룬⡮࡯ǳԡ̫ϵһйϵıǡ̫ƪ̻
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ʱһϲѣϲԼѡûдͬʱĽ̻̫ͬϵ֮Ĺϵͷ
Ȼ̫Զ飬ڵǰǷΧ֮ڡȻҵʵֶλʣ㿪ʼѰ֮вдҩ
Ǭʦǿעʧˡ֮лʣÿһÿһطˣСʱ̻ӣȭͷķѣȴûһҩ档Ȼڿ֮УʧҲǱȻġ
̻ڵʱһ֮ˡڵ̻Ȼϸ΢ıųȥҪһ˿һ˿ص֮һȫ
һЩֵ𺫳˵ųʣ첻ɣɷ˵ʱһȻƽһϤҩȫ
࣡һһϲгҲ˵̫磬ٴ̽Ѱʣ޹֮ջȻַһҩ
ϲͬʱһҲʮֲ⡣˼֮̽ڷÿջǡʡһ˿Ȼʮϸ΢ȷȷʵʵڼ١ʵʵûһҩĺۼڡ
֮£һԭ֮Ǳǣɫʡ²ʲôʣǡ࡯
ˣˣȫҩѾһֵٱǱǬʦҩҪ
ⱦһʱϲĲ˵ʱĸоͺԼ˴Ǯһȼ۵ĺöڵ֮ȴֵԭʮٱĸоһ׬˵ĸо
ȻϲͬʱҲ˼һЩ⣬ΪʲôǬʦˣҪ鱦ΪʲôԶ˵һʡһ˼һһп¶Ҫ鵽Լһƪ̫顯Լ侭仯֮ݻ̻
뵽иɻ֡һںĲЩֻҪ֪ܹԼ㾡ʹãʶܿ㿪ʼ⡮࡯ÿҩɿǿʱ̻
ȻһЩӳ࡯ķֶãеڶ˼ڡ졯ǽ̥ϡ
⡮ǽ̥ԴСҪֻǳ߲ϵԪתٸԼĽϣԴˣȻȻģ󣬻ƣԡʱԣʲô¾͵ͬһ
ȻųߵΪߣûޣķʱȴǲСġҲΪʲôԼûʹãȴΪ΢һԵɡ
ЩʱգһһֱýתȻԼ룬ĵٶȱ𺫳˵Ԫ߶Ҫһ࣬ˣȴһ޵
ڽɱһں֮һϲķ֣ǽ̥֮жȻʮģй󷨵ĺۼ
һ˼һԼףǵһ˿ɱ¾ġáӦɱ֮˵ƶˡһ
һûаħ飬ԣɱĶǸɱ֮ˣӶҲ˳Ϊܹ֮ǿԼʵȻǸáȻȡɱ¾޹֮ˣƶҲǲԸġ
һһ㲻ʱšʹºǿ˽顣Ϣԭûеطеɢ޻ǼȻ⶯ȴҲ׷ա
ʱƣȺҵõط鴫ʱǵغһǨȳ̶̼ʱ䣬ԭ̲Ⱥʱס˼ҡǵܼҲصСϣչԼ
ƽʱǶݣչԼĪµʱ䣬һգһڶ֮оһôը֮ƺƻŻҪ
еȱ仯üͷһ壬˵˼֮ʱפڿջ˭ҲԸԼڵʱ˼Ŷ룬ʶһȺͣһʮֲңһ·ߣҪʶʶʲôˡ


һ ɵ
ɺ֮⣬߸ŮʩչַˮµĶţ˺ЩֶΣҲֻ˼֣ûܴ򿪡
ʱ˿ĶźȻ򿪣һȺŮѸٷˣһСĿŶţзȴһ㲻ҷɣʱԳһɱ
ֻһƿ֮һӶ֮мǶûܷӦʧǰ
ǵʲôѵʲô˲ɣ
ԣ˵ʲôϧˣûס˵þһأ
ûϵб֮жȻбģǽȥһѾˣûжǵⶴȥʦһ𸮣ҲһͰ
һȺŮԼⶴһ㣬Ȼδһ
ǣһߴϿմȻҪȡҵĶ޷첻ɣ
Ůһû뵽ϿվȻڣ̧ͷȥһ̤ȻŵĻ˵ġ
һ֮ϸһ¶Ϣֻˮ׼㶼ͬʱһӸǰһЦ˭ˣ˼ǷֵĶγġ˴ɵ£ȥֲˡ
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һһ㷢ֵĶΪҴ򿪣ɵҲɼɣǿһ飬ڱ㺰ɱѵûһô
⻰һɵŮʱһ㶣ǰһ⣬ȻǴˣˣյ˵һǾ͸һˡ
ǺòײץһѵĺʳһڣҪǰ棬ôһɵıԺ´͵ġۼһǰȴˣͷȻ
ǹӸʮֲݺݵһڣҪ˵ʲôݻӡȴһӸסʦܣ»ɣ
úλǹӸĵͷǾʦִˣ
ǰͰһЦϢŭҵȱ˾סðõˣ񣬼ȻռȥȻȥˡҵȾʹȥʦţʦУҵҲý
һ˼鶯һжУͷЦȴ˵˵ãľɢһʦСˣλѿ԰ȥ˰ɣ
⻰ĵ˵ͷһҪǱʱȴǱһʦʦãҲ󣬽ɱţȡ
⻰һɵӣݹ𣬷ǰ£λγһ򵥵Ľ󣬽һΧ롣һȡɷڵĿһȻ׼ʱ֡
һֻۿһУûѣҲûж֣ȻЩУʲô㲻ϣ˵ͷ㲨ֻǿ˿ܵƣ˵ǻɵɱ˶ᱦҿħࡣ
⻰Цﾺ֮οǻ㲻ڵɢޣûʵûȻҪռһöҵǰҲãȡ֮ʶ࣬ԹԷ϶ؼ˵ûһߺߣ͹ֲɱˡ
һȻ״˼ƺɵʵռһ
ʱǹӸ̲ס𻰵ɵʵֻҪһǽԽԽǿ
һҲ˵ʲô¶һ˿Цȴɲ
ȻǴͷǲһ˿ԾæֹӸ绹Ҫ˵ȥ뷨λʦʦãδҹζ֦࣬ڣǶְɣ
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һɱɵڵӶ⽣Ӱͨ׷׳һ˹ȥһ֣㿴Ȼܹ̣ȻΪ൱£ȴЩǿһ֡ЩһһĲֵ
ɱˣȴǾ͹ֲˣ
һһЦǽ̥䣬Ȼǳ˷𡣱ִһ죬˴һ⳯һɵֱȥ


һһ 꽫
һֻһһɵĵӸӽ˼ֻ֡½ɱȻһصɵõʶ
һһ֣ٶ֮죬ݹ֮棬ǰһٵΪͷӻæеٶȼ죬СķһҪУһѣɵ
Ҫߣܱס˵ɣһһ֮Уһӣ£ʱ赲ǰĹ飬գۼɵǰ
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Ҫ˵½֮˶Ȳһ̸һССӡǽ̥лһ㣬ҴܣȴȡһпõֱָҪУ񵲣ɱһǳɣǽ̥⴩ضɵƺһˤȥ
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ǻŵɵĿŷŻͬʦֵܾʹ䣬һʱ򣬳˷ŭһ˿ӺͿ־塣
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һһҲϣΣΣ
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⻰һɵСĿ£ȥûǰţһʱɱˡ
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⻰ɫһѿǼһǿЦǰ˵Цˣ߶ǰǰֻǸһССĽѵǻ֪Ȥ·ô
һ·һһҲٲǣһٴλ˾ֵĽ䱸֮£ֱ붴ڣȻһر¡
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ͷˣʲôáȴһĵӡ
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⻰ɵٵŵ˵ͷʦܵʬ֮һȥˡ
һȺɵȥϺִܳһΪЦɵһȺΪٶȿúôȻððʧʧײȥҲãʵǿҲòȥ̽˵Ϣ¹˶ãͻڶСֱӻüǡ˵꣬һȺҲݽȥˡ
˺󣬻лȻͬһԿӣʶһֶ֮ƺûһģʶȺȥ
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СԵ˵ͷҲãˮԵ˴ˮʢҲѵõĺôڴҲá
һԣʾͬĵ˵ͷȻû̫󣬵ҲҪʱ࡯¼ʵĻΪպĽᵤԪӤ壬׼


һ 巽
Ⱥ֮⣬ĺϣһ촣һɽɽᣬЩᶼЩɼζȻǷ˾
һ֮ϣʿǹվǸϵʿ˵ʲôЩʿǱһܵɵӡ
ɵ飬ǰ֮󣬱ռһ죬ҵȡͽ෬ӪһСɵơȻ½ϣǣܹռһǧĽѾ˴޼Ҳʮﺣʵһ
˵ºҲ׼ǰ̽Ҫһû뵽µУȻǰȥ룬ռȺµһӻң˿ɵϣҲ̫Ϊѡ
ǰȥˣˣЩͼӴ׵Ļʱȼŭһը촫һŰֱ
ȻСȻɵͽԲѷңǲѵɵʮﺣ㣡
⻰ݵŮӽЩΡΡΨǹӸ磬ҲıӣȪһ˵ץºҲ˵ƺʲôҲʵǵܹУһܹʵ˵ѹʮﺣ򣬳Ϊһأ
⻰һ֪רȥڣѵС̫ô
Ȫǲ仰ǳ𣬺ٺһЦǰ̽һֻû뵽С̫ײУ˵ֱӽʦɱӵÿ죬ºվͻزˣ
ҲϰľȻܴԼⱦӿЩһԼҲܱɱ㽫ɻ׿ֻԼŭȼһУҪɱ֮졣
ȪȻ竣ȴҲԼϵôʱƽȴ֪ѾŭɶҲٶͼӴףֻǵŽ
Ȼ쳣˵ʵԶѰڣǷʵܹƥн𵤣
¹Ĵʦ֣Ҳ´Ӻ룬ʵȷʵȺõɻǣռºĳѨһҲеġֵʱϽһɽӲ²⣬ʮа˾ţǼǱɽˡʵûнˮ׼ӾͲжˡ
ⷬ˵ͷø׶Сӣһ޼ɵȻܹºȻףʵȴҲЩʵ˿ҵҪЩֲǡڵҪԱɵ⣬׼һȺ
ڵԣӦŵһʧȻȥʲôȥˡ
һɵӵĵգȡˡ࡯ҩԣʼáȡƶԡǽ̥ЧҪ֪֮ǰֽնɱһħʿҲһʡ˼µĿ๤ǧģڡǽ̥֮󷨡
ǰգնɱɵӣȡڵ˲٣ˣҲ˽ٵģһܹɵˡ
Ҫ۵󷨵ʱһˮ洫̶ǵڶɣɣһɽһŵܰƶ
ǵŭ¶һЦȻҲ£ԼңõúܣȱƶģҪײҪ
˵ţҲСף𽣹⣬ͨ㻯һֱ˲䣬ٵ˷Ȼ˳˻͵Ϯٶ죬ȴȲĽ⡣ûȷɱʱɳ˷ڵ
ˣ͵͵ˣ
һһսͣסĿ⳯ɨȥúڶ巽Χӡһɵ飬ķŮӣϢһһħһϢİ׷ͷԼһħڵͯӡÿһʮϰˣΪһ͵ĶǱٹܹյˡ
һƣȴǵȻֻӷŷϮϢбֵһһɵ
һĺķɵ˵ͷ´ӺǰһָһǰɵӴӴ˴·ȴǱɱһʦܣҵȱַ㣬ʶľͶǲʶֻ࣬·һ


һ ͯ
һǵߵڰסɵûһ壬ɱ֣һɱ¾պչȴʮֲ
⻰һУȴǲŭЦһĿǺ쳣ҲʲôֻЦĳҪɱ⼸ɣˣȻ˵һǽǵļջˣ˵ţһɷϢ͸һֱӳɱ˹ȥ
ڳ˱Ϊ֮£˭ҲҶȴ뵽һǵˣǳ־ҪɱˡŭɶһӶң󷨾һһȥ
ýͷײһ𣬱ǿķȻûܽȫסһָϸĽѳԸٶȴֱ˳ȥûһֱжϺһۣһѪ

һҽУԦסɽһԵļλͬʦס¾ҪһͷԵȥˡ
Ϊý𵤸֣һͷĿȻҲסԼͽܣֻӶ˷ŭŭҪ˵䣬һһɿ㳯һɱ˹ȥ
һ״һһٱΪߵһ֮½Ƕץ
ã˰б¾ͱӣҾһս
һһЦ磬ڷɶݵͬʱ۲ǽֻᡣ
׷һеڵɱӣӣͷͯӣֻҪΧסɱ˴ӣպ˵죬ʱ֣ʱ
⻰ɵͬӦŵ׷ݹ⣬˷ƣһΧסĸԹһ£ƺ˵ҲЩ⶯ȻҲĸλڸΧΧһͬɵΧס
һ˫һУЦ֮дһ˿üƵζƽΧ˲䣬ٶȲɵĳΧԼɵײ˹ȥ
һɱɵѵصʩչֶΣǿٵֱӳһɱڻеһ˲䣬λ缱תͻأʧԭأй˿ա
ͬʱһҽд֮дһ⣬ڲ֮֮һӲҽûһˣһܹס
̶һʮɵʱ˫۶ʮȻǱٹȵӣֻһΪЩ˶£ĹĻڡ
ÿһһҪ߼鱻ɱۣЩȴǱɱ˵ǣƣҲ׷һֻܼԼһǰ
ȻȴҲ֪ȥԼĻҵҪæɢˣǻԼ
ǰһƣɱϵ飬һѪһģҲģµӵġʱͬסӵĸСĽһ˻һɱˡͬʱ˿ķͷҵԸ˵۽Ҫ
뵽λѣޱȣǲ¶ʮﺣвٲ֣պ
ķһֱɽۻֽһƺٶȺֶΪɵĻȴһ
һ״ЦҪնɱľĳҪۣԸģһԣ
⻰ŮӺͷָڵǻͯӵħ֣ЩԽԽһԵӣǳٳٲ֡
ͷЦ֪Щ˶ǲӲӥλѣɵв֮еԸְæɵԸ⽫֮ǰĺôһ롣
⻰ǻЩ⶯ĹͯӸ¸һЦ˳Ц飬СȺһ⣬㻹ûռϾһ룬㽫ԼȺȫֳͯҾһͬɱ˴ţΣ
ֳûٵΪͷ߷߲ѣʱһͷ󻼣ҲòҧгݵãͯӣΪɱ˴ţȺұ㲻룬ͽˣ
⻰ͯӵĹЦǣҲ껤סԼңҪ˵˿ɱɱ˴ţ۹߾Ͷһ
ͯһȺħޣϵĶЩ׷ԲԣСĶ׳꣬һǡȴӦŵһʮֹŹ֡ŹֹŹ֣𵤼ĸͷҲɵ˼֡


һ ס
ͯӣ飬һһħȻҪɱңǻ֮ħ¶ǶΪܣ
վߵɵҲǺ֮һڣʱƤ죬ҧгݣֻǲ𻰡ǹͯӣһͯݣȴɱѪ׹⣬˴ԣǵΪܷΪ٣¸´Ц
СӣҲ֪һ£ȻܹնɱǷƽʱ򣬱Ҳ㣬ൺʢԼҪСȻҪ֡˵ǽ𵤸֣ҲҪڴˣҪֵĻȴҪֱҲǮְˣൺ˵Ҳǣ
˹ͯһʣζ˵Լ붯ħͷɱ¾ɵˣɱɫɸѿ֣Ҳ⻰ͷ˿֣λѣĳһնɱ˻պõŵĵطɵ޶
Ȱͯӳ֣УѾ㹻ԸһȰ˵ĻƺǸԼһĻᡣһλ𵤸Ƿ飬ǶģϾˣ˭Ҳ˵иѴҪæʱ
һҲ⶯δӣȻС׺ͺڣҲΧֻҲСףҪԼ£ʶҲܵӽһԸԼ
ͷһһƣһӣһЦͯӣҲǺԵɣȻҪɱңľĳҲɱɱģҪһ㳤Բǣ˵ţһ㣬磬ֱͯӶ
ͯӼһΪҪԼɱŭϲһͯ¶Цݣһſڣϸݣ壬ʮɫϢĹħӿֱֱָһ
Ѫħ۷壡
һЦһȻ¹ħȴԸֶڶ˼ƻոսӴ㽫תۣٷ֮һʱתʮŴΣÿһ˦һͷħһתֱۣǹͯ²öɵķײȥ
ǰһնɱɵӵʱ򣬹ͯӱöԲߣ²÷󣬾Ϊ˷һ˻ɱ¾ġһٶȼ죬ȴȲĽ𵤼֣껤̣֮Լܶʱƣһȥֻܱ赲סԼɱҲֻˡ
ոն׷ȥʱһڳ˳Ծ龰ˡһ⣬һ㣬û˿谭ֱֱײ͹֮УƬҲûͣ٣һֱɱ¾ͯӵ
ٷ֮һͯӱ׷ʱһеѾλŽѸӡǰնɱɵٶȸǿһࡣ
ԵɣЩ˶ħŵӣһɱħŵȴǴ⣬ɱӺ˼ҪԹ۵ԹԵһԿţǸҶ֣ǵİ
ȻùͯһĲ󣬶ɵõһǹͯһ·׷ȴëһʮͷѪħһƬʱİ˾ֻʣһ벻
Լʧأͯŭһ鷽򣬴е飬ʱ֣ʱǹͯˣҾ㵽ͷϣɵð
һ巽۱ƶĿľҪɱһǿᱦϷȺ˳ҲƺҪһͬʧԼɵķԪ󣬷֮û뵽ǣһûи෽Χɱľ棬ֱӾɱɵһ
ΪԼһܹ֮ɱһܿԼܹɱһԼɵʧҲ̫󡣹ʶҪˮȻֻйͯӱջˮĿҲǴﵽˡǼͯһ˱Լأͷƽ
ȥùͯ⻰Ҳ֪ڿϷˣͯӣ㣡˵ţһ㳯ͯһɱ˹ȥ
һڹͯһɱûרŴΪߵɱһħͷסһ֮һɱնɱʮħͷٹħͷʮͷ㹻ƶݻǧ˰ɡ
ʱ龹ȻɹҪͯɱԼһ˫һУЦһһݱ˹ͯһͷͳɵɱȥ
ͯӱΧɱ֮ƣһǻᣬҲӦսֱӱܹˣⶸתɵڷ
һáæءһվһصǰһ̣һִʮѪ⣬ʮŴͷ৳ˮȥ


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Ҫɱ㣡ٴʧˣЪ˹Ĵ𣬵ʱһˣ뿪һ
һֽȻȺһЦɣɱɵʣ¼ˣͲ֪ˣ˵ţͬ˿һԵĹͯӣвζ
һһ仰˫۳ѪͯһͯҲǵ糺죬Ӳûа취ҪסԼֳֻܷһɱһǹͯӵѪħĶ٣׷һ
Ƕ׷һżһΰѳҪԼһɱɾ㲻˹¼ҹˣ˾˵þͱĳһˡһʱ֮䣬ƽʱΪĵˣȻ˳⣬Ѿء
ҲһͷĿܿһۣɿĴЩžƬ֮󣬱鳯Թ۵λѣֻͯҪǳ֣һͬɱ˴ӣȺĺôǰ㲻ҪλУټǶˣǷһ飡
⻰ǰЩ⶯˴ȴǳˣȻһһ֣ɱ֣áǿһʱ͸żɵζ
ɲͯвĿҲȺԴӵͽϣҹͯɵˣѵǾⲻɡο⣬պȵôܷŹǲɣٳɱϷȺҶкôӣ㲻Ҫͷһöǧǻħô֣ǣ
вĻٴγˡħ޻ƺʲô顯Ϊ⶯ûжӺǺͷޣûж촽΢Ȼʲô
һҲٶʲôвֻһۿ仯һ߰áȡġƶšܿ죬һ󷨹ɣǵĵ󷨣һɱ¾ġ̶ʱͽǽ̥ƷƷһڷ
Ƭ֮ǵóȻǰŮӣӵΪû͹ͯӣǳһӯӯһ򸣵ɵɼλѣʵγƺ³ɺδ
һ״ͷƲʮа˾ŷ֣˹֣˵ľһɢޣʦС֪ɵλʲô˼Ҫһͬɱң˵ţһ˿ɱ͸һԲϣɱֵ˼
ü΢Ȼʮһ˵ҲڴˣæЦˣҵȽǰɱɱҵȻڡֻൺ͹ͯӶ˵ҵҲòǵѿϷһ仰ҵŤͷߡҲ飬պ˵ûлĻأ
һɺٴһΡ֪ΪȻɳŮڡ̶һͽƤ߸ԼսǺԼ
˵һôŮƻ뿿Լ£ҪǡͷһЦãȻˣľ»ӽֻ֮ҪľĳơȺľĳǹ¼ҹˣû뷨Ȼһ飬ľĳҲǲˣƾԼʵȡǣһȺĿɱ¾Ҳֲҳ֡
һⷬŵǱ֤ȺˡðЦݣ͹ͯӶɫѿ
תͷɫ͹ͯӶˣλѣ֮ҵɾͲˣ£˵ţһ˵ͷ촽΢һʲôɵһڵӱȥˡ⻨ӺͺͷҲ㣬Ǵ£תһȦֱӴظ
Ѹȥһǹһ˿ѰζЦݣתͷ飬ͯӶˣĨĨԽ貵ġǽ̥ЦôǿǻҪȥ
⻰ɫְֺףΣƺҲûһȥս벻սĽ
һû˺ţһ̵Цݣһ䣺ȻǾˣҾǾɣһݣ⻯磬ֱӳ˷˹ȥ
ͷһһٴɱ¾˵ӣæʩչֶξҪס󡣲һΣһĽȴû˿תֱֱۣĳ˹ͯӷȥһӣʱٵͯӣԼһȺħŵɱ˹ȥ
ͯȴҲû뵽һɱıɵɱףҲ׺ǰҪɱˣȴ׷һȻϷŹһʮ˵ħѪ⳯һɱ˹


һ ׳
һųϬͯӷųʮħײһÿһܻƹħƤǣЩħȴ˿壬ǻƵͣ٣ħצץڽֱ顣գʱ䣬ʮħѪ죬Ѫ⵹ҲˣͬʱϵҲѸٻָһ£˾ȻǶƽ֡
ȻԿʼʱһʮħ򵥡һ²ſ϶ȻЩħֻ۷ĳ̶ȣǲٶȣǻָԶԶѰħĳ̶ȡƲ⣬ȻЩħ档
ʵһ֪ͯӱһħ޼ӵܣΪСⳤûܵͬ峤ҲʶСǸƧŵԸ
Ȼ󣬵ħȴҲǻԵɺ֮µõһħŵ伮ƪг֮Ȼĳ㽫ԼйڵͬʮʿɱһסʮѪħ
·֮󣬱㱻ħ׷ɱһ·ӣӵ⡣һƬƾһסʮѪħɱӶᣬڴԴڰǰΪħʿռһġͯ
⡮ʮѪħϰ֪̳꣬ԹѪ⣬ȻΪΪ͹ޣûܽļħҲѰħǿ̫࣬Ҳǻ֮
ͯӼֵסһĹ¸ЦţǴ߶ħԪǿʮѪħʮ˵Ѫ⳯һȥһһٵһѪħһ˵
ͯһЦĹͯڣٷعͯûûб˭ҲܽתͷһԵ麰ൺʱ֣ʱ
һͯ˻أ֪ͯӵ˼æԸ䣬ҲõҲǻطɵȴԼȥ˵ߵԶˣųХһ˫磬һɱ
һǰһһǹħħһǷԷΧɱһһʱһ޾ĽȴҲԳ׽ĸо
ľģûۣҵҪܹɱ˭ɱҹͯô£챾Ҫնɱͷ֮ޣ
ͯӣҽնɱȻǲѸռȺ˻Ҫúôֱǳ룡
ãɧǶϲģͿǲ˳ˣɱ˴֮ൺɸ뱾֣ٸһÿô
ңβңǱȣɱȥǻҵǽ
ΧɱһȻͿʼǵһһЦֹ
ˣͷЦóҸһݵģ·˵䣬鷨һһʮɴСķͬһѴ䵶͵ı㳯һ˹ȥ
Цǳ˵ΣһһԻæ̬˲󽣾ڡǽ̥󷨴ӽ̥ϴεͬʱһҲֱӴϿ뽣̥֮С
ǵ޴УʩչʲôѤĽҲųֵǳֽնͬʵʵķϴһ죬һ˿״ķӷһ̣оͻзɢ
÷ŻǱֵһת۾Ȼ͹ͯӶ˶һ㶣ϹȴǲͣһͥŲ֮䣬㿪˶˹Цλǲǽ˵Ӷߣ԰ĶԸľĳ˰
һΣҶ˾ɱڴˣ㻹ҪЮң㻹γ
Ц̫ЦˣҺαҪЩආһҪЮǣˣҵҲֵʡģֻǶλ֪ľĳƾһ֮ºô
ţһʣ˶ʱһ㶣Ҳһһɱ¾ͷԷȣֻɱһͽԺ
ͯͣйڵСӣǲʲôܷٽǻһ棬һС
û뵽ͯҲǲ²һбȰͬʱҲڵбϽҲԿǷһ·
һһЦ˵ͷλһ˼ľĳȷʵбǴ˱ҲܽºȻλҪҾ׳ˣ
͹ͯӵû뵽һô˵˶ʲôˣз˵ͷһһɱǰ
һǲ֪˼ҪͶһ㣬ץһöӣ΢΢һЦǱˣλЦɣ


һ 
⻰ⱦڵӣ˶̾Ǳͼһһ˵ţ̧һףλã͹ͯӶм䡣
λ½ɵѶǼƸ֮߳һα㵱һʹõıžҪڶ֮ǰѹϵȴԵ̫ùХ͹ͯͬʱ˹ȥ
鲻ǷԵķޣٶȱȳ˿ϲ٣ǹͯӵʮѪħҲһ֡һֳ̽ץȡһ߷һ͹ͯӵĹʱһߡ
һֵĿű飬ǿʲôҪĶһ㣬μˣáڴͬʱһӰӱ֮ɳƬצǺʲô
Գֵʮͻأһ̳֣βһ˦ֱӴϡһը죬Ǽը飬ֻɫһ죬ȴûʲôƣȻǼһ١
ϣצӻݣǱͨǹɱ˹ȥ֮ʵȵѰڣȻٶȶٹɲǺԵĶ֡
ҲҪӶݣںԵı֮ͨ£ﺣ˲ʮɸߵıǽֱֱ߷ɣһңʶһתۼ㱻סˣҲӲҲ򲻹ֻСֵ
ļޣޣͯӼ仯ҲǼ˹һ㣬ǰԼȣҲͬʱһΪܹºһʱ֮ͷ
ˣȴǾ˳һʹúס֮󣬱ɵͯǰȻǲŹһ׵ġ
ͯȻΪһȴҲıסúʰ飬ٹΧɱԼ뵽һͯ׼һЦľѣ˴ˣҲǱǼһƭģȻץס˴ˣҪɱҪϤ㣬ֻǻŹһպʲôҪֻҪ˵ҹͯӱǻҲҪæġ
Щ˵޳ܣһ׼⻰ǹһ˿Ц˵ͷ˵ԭˣľĳڣĿϻæô
ͯӴ֮һ˿ţ˵ͷֻҪѷһպͯǵѵѡ
ѣһһЦҲã˵ƾͰƾ֤ɣ
ʲôͯԲԣһſڽʮѪħųͬʱץһöӾͳһ˹
һ״һЦμ˵ͬʱлһƷԲ׽һ׽һǽ̥ͬʱת߶˫һһͬʱٵʵȻǱͬʱʩչٽֶΡ
ٵһһңͬ˫һ㽫һм䡣ʮѪħֱɳʮ⣬㵲סˡǹͯӣ⸱ʱڵΪħڸ֣۽Ҳ㲻ͣҲûмһηֻϰٽֶΣÿһǿȫһζȴǼδҲġ
㣬ʲôˣֶΣ˵ɢޣǴɵʿҲУͯһʿЩˡ
ʲôˣǺǣǰһ̣ɱˣһ̣ҾҪɱˣһЦһ˫ָ󽣾˲ʮѪħĽ⣬ϰٵΪһˮֱӳͯӳˢȥ
ýˢͯӱҪӣٶԶԶȲϽ⣬ʶֻʹӷȫֵһһʩչٽĿľһǾɱ֮ݲֵ㲻ˢʮ֮һͯһⶼû
ͯһʮѪħûѹָ׶ʶңȴǻһֱӽɱҲһȥ
ת֮䣬նɱһħ֣һѾû̫ɾ͸Уǽ̥֮Ѹݻŷ󷨣¶벻Լղɱʲô֡
һϣ鱻ԴǱѣһҪɱݻһʱѽڵˡ
Թ˲ϾȻ֪ͯӵ飬һɹΪͯˡдͬʱѡ
һգĿ·ൺԩ޳𣬽Ҫɱңܳ
ɫһѿΪ˱òͷĳǰľ鷳ǧ򲻸ãֻҪĳȥһ쳵͵ѸϣҪɱҪϤ㣬ѿͬ˵ķϣһպɵһԵհ
һһЦ⻰Ƕ죬ǰͯҲ㻰ൺɴ࣬˵ԸҵæⲻľĳѾˣ


һ ϴ
Զʱ⣬еʲô㽫ͯӸɱˣ
һʼ磬ͷΨͼײгԣҲãȻҪҾ͸ᣬôൺǷΪλѸеź
鱾ΪѾһúܸˣſʲôɵŵӣġȴû뵽һֹţնɱͯҲûлѶʱ䣬ӹȻҪԸԼġ
Ūңƾǲնɱ˹ͯӵġѵ㻹ļޡļޣѪѵѵһ˴֮ɸĵӣҪɱңɸԺʦཻĪ档ᶼǿԽİ
һ²⣬һͷЦѡɸҲһ˴֮һѱޣҸƷߣѪǿѰӶ϶ͷ־ͷʮͷΧɱ֮ǿѰͬԵ
Щӣгĸ߽ޡȻȫҲʹܹԽɱˡǸעѱޣϲûʲôʵĵطʵҲҪɵ֡
һ֪ȻǺԵĳ֣ʹöԷϴԼݡҲýͣٺһЦҿϲʲôԺʦ֣ǹͯӣҵǿȥģ˵ţһ⣬㳯ɱ˹ȥ
ⱻǰлĳǰòżлˣ˱лˡһ׽ֳ֡ǽ̥ݻٵ̹ȥǼ򵥣һľצ̽һץȥ
һʱ֮䣬ͬʱҪҲӲֻͬʱʩֵסߡһǺԣʵֻ֮ϣֵһʮǿֵֻغϣ㱻Ѫ
һѪһ߷齨һҵôܾ
һЦʵʵҲ˭Щͽܣǲ˵ǰ̸̲֮ʦ֮裬ȥɣ
ǽ̥϶ȻߵģһһһĨûٽ龪ֵĿ֮У͵һˢλ𵤸֣ͬҽһͬûڽ֮С
ڽնɱһһ𵤵սƷ˺һ鸡֮ҲĻɺøʲôʲôȥˡ
һսһַɵ͹ͯӷأԶȺȻסӦ֪иֶҲǰ̽ʶһûһĿߣû֪
ʱƣɵ͹ͯϵĵ¼ò飬ֲдһģǰɺֶ̽գȻˡɴˣҲ²͹ͯӶˡ²ʵʱһ㣬ϯʮﺣ
Ҫ֪½زͬûڶ򣬱һħӣΪԴǿʳɱϵɵ͹ͯǸֻڣѹ棬һʧǾͺܿʳɱ
Ȼûмʱ䣬˰߽⡣ɵԺãһλûĽɢ޿У˸פԭɵĵӻǱϳȥͶ¡ɵѾʷֱͯӱһħռ˹˱𸮷Ժһ㡣
ñ⣬ɣӣͷһŵȺռΪһľ棬ǲѹȺֻǲɼԼҪԴһЩӣȺҲ֪ںҪţ˫ദĵҲǢ
ʮﺣһϴƣŽΪһеԴͷһ˰徻ÿ࡯ƶĥͨĥ򽣵Ϊĸ߾磬æòֺ
ʱ䣬Բľ罥ҪﵽΪԲܹͻƽ𵤣ȴǲһЩ
˿ܼ±ԲԳԳ𵤲ͬҪԭΪﲻ࣬츳Ϊ࡯һ츳̫ǿ󣬲ǵﾭȵȣѰǿ̫ࡣԶԣҪͻƽҪĻۡ
ҲЩʱգоˡ࡯ļޡֻҪ²ɣŬһۻĻۣʱͻƽ𵤶˵ѶȽ󽵵͡оᵤ֮һʵ
һգںͳǺɫм⻪ֵ㿪һЩϤŮãľѲһ


һ 
ɣʲôҲգôãҲóȥתתˣҲʡңɵɣϴΪףȥһһӣһҲͶұ˫һ飬վ˼Ҳüһ
һһ·ɵɺǰֻаһˣЦݵվԺѣһ㽫ӭ붴ҲһҲһʲôı㣬û˿ɣŽ붴
ɺһҲôãСȴǿߺѵøоһȺԳһЩСոҲ֪εһȻʮͨԣ˵ܽװγʲôԭҲ࣬ЩϢ
֮ϣ˷£ͷѱĴЩߣǵǰΪ棬޵û뵽ѾȻһϺõѱ֮ЩҲѱ˹ɣ̴ͯӣѿйŷ
ʱ֮ˣõ㻯ԵŻ񣬴жϾвףѰԼҲר˾ѱޣȴǲȥ¡ʶɲϲùŷһ˵
һ˼鶯Ȼп̽˼ҲΪ⣬ϾԼˣҪ˽֮顣ҲὫСԳ˵ֻǴ˸䣬Ĭ
һҪʼʱŮȴǱ˵仯λȺ̣ƴϾ⣬Ȼɵ͹ͯ˵һ˵ŵʱ˫۲һȻҪȷһ¶Ƿ紫һ㣬һ¡
һףн綼䲻˵״򲻶ȴҲǳ費ڰȻ΢Ծ֮֮࣬Ҳǵ˵ͷһʾϢûд
֮һֻ΢΢һ֮̾·᫣˿в̤ɶҲǿ
ԣϸϸһǷ񴫴ʲô˼ȴһٴοڵľĳڶ֮ȴûնл׵ѽ˵һľĳ׵ӦòֹΪ˴¶ɣ
ԣչһЦȻľѣҽǰڵѣһ
һĵȻˣЦ׵˵ܼľĳҲƴǡ
ϲɫһæʵ»ɵǰйأľѷ˵һǵԸæҶȻлǵѲԸֻҪ˵ȥұǸмˣ
һԵ˵ͷ˵ǣľĳĲ˵Ψؿƿ
һȤĻðݸȻˣصѲ֪ɵɵͯͬһɾ͵֮ǰʦŴбɵ¸
ԭǰһʦ½⣬ɵһȪΪ֮ʣͣפһҵɵɵһҪŮִ£µ͵ʱȪɢ޺ʶһֱҲ˳˳ˮŴ˵
ȻɵҲǽˣԭɽʦҵñ㷢ɵһضǷɵȪҲԴڶ֮СʶƲǶȻ˲õڡ
һ˽ģǻˣʶɵֻ׶ഫҽʱ⴫ֻǴ˶̫ϽǺķ֮뾡ǧ򷽷ҲֻƹؿҪĥȥƣ򿪶˵û֮
ȴǲ֪ǺԵɣڴǶǰĿıһһͬ򿪶Ըһ֮ͬеı
һһͨԹɫɲûԣôһڣΪμڴ򿪣ͺǣȻжȻ顣
ץһöˣһ˼ŵ׵ԣľĳǲţֻһԣ׵ʵ档
ɼһûһڷ֪ϣæʵľɻ˵ǣɶȻ֪޲޲
һ˵ͷǺãľĳһʣľĳǳէȻ׵һ֣˫ʶ㲻ϣ飬׵Ϊλľĳ
ɼһһ΢΢һЦľѼ£ľѣԵжһɵѴӦȺҵȿԿΪ˳ţǼ֮ˡ
һԵ˵ͷȻ֪мƨɷ֣ȴҲЦˡ
΢΢һЦŵӵһжԿʵǿԶˣǴ򿪶һ


߶ ɵ
֮УһľïɫɭɭĵϣɭʮʽĽ룬һȪˮʣϪ˷ȥ
ǰɫֻһѩĴףһȴǵһİɫһȺͣԳһɵɡ
ԭɵ˵֮һ˼֮⣬ԼĿģҪһһ֮еҲʶʶνضʲôöԼԵ֮󣬱Ӧ
Ȼڰ̽Ƿɱ͹ͯӣһûиκλشֻǴȥӰпԿһնɱ˶˵ĴԸ˼֡ģԴпһֵļɵͬʱϲζǶ˼֡
һˮ֮Ȼ˵֪ڼ֮ʼжٲ󣬽С׻ϣɺֱӼ𽣹Űɵϡ
ľѣɵˣεȻ󣬵ҲǷ羰ҲֵһۣԴԺ˵
һԴɣڵӣҪ˵ɼҾɫ䲻˵ȫˣȴҲʶḻɵȴв֮ͬͬһŴɫ䣬ɫȴҲʮ
ɽܸǵһȪʱ򣬱ӭ̴ŮӡŮ˰ɣж˻ʦãֻһ˳ʦ㣬Ȼ˶ǰֻͬδܽᵤƣʶȥɻɣȴԳ̬
æһܸŮŮŵһռɺóȺնɱʱ֮һ
֮󣬰һס֮һɵһɵ貨ЩƣֻŮӡ
һġӢ¼ЩŮޱһлӽıͲΪİɷǵֹּɵӡʶһһ߶ݺݺŮӣԲ
ҹ˵ҪЩŮͣš
һн²һ飬УСףҪѯЩȴûеõ𸴣ʶΣСײͷĵл˵ͣҪأ
һһ㶣ɵ֮ǰС˵ãʱп֣ܳʶСҲ֮Сⲻͷ֮УζС׵ŭҲܹˣΪ⣬ʵСףչһȦɷɵʲô֮ô
⻰СһΪ㱻һȺŮӸԻۣû뵽ǵ¡
һʱ⻰ǺһڣЦԩ֪Ҫһ磬˵ҾͲӦˡҪ˵ԻۣǾ͸ǲˣһһࡣ
⻰Сװûд𻰣һһСʱԼˣŪ߻ħæٻ˼ΡŵõС׵Ĵ𸴣Ƿų˵ӰˡλػС׻ָ˳̬ûв͵ζŭǰҲޡ
һҲŪԵɣֻԼǰСǸһõСײĻظʽһչ۲
ضҲء֣Сʶ̽ȫҲûѳʲôһͨͬûʲôⷢ֡ʶҲ޷ֻܾŰɵ֪ͨ
Ϊ˱ɧţһһչգ˴ţֱգоɽ𵤼ϢɵϣŴ
ǰվ˰ɵϯӣһţæһ򸣣Ҫ˵ʲôȴһ̧ʾֹס
ȥʦɣ

һǰһɵӭϣʱˣһӦĽһϢԴǻӺͺߣ໹ˣûֻЩþӸλƣӦöһͷĿһ˵ǵȻӦɢһ
ɼһǰæϯλһҲֱӱˡ
ô龰һЩ׺һѵҵǰ֣ͬһ׵ΪλССʿϯѵҵȲɣ˵ſһЦСӣ뱾ͬϯȥСı˺㣡
⻰ɫ΢䣬ҪͣȴһһЦõĺܣľĳвǣóǵһ˵Ҫ˺ҵģ֮ǰЩˣþˣˣҲһ˰ɣ


߶һ 
׺ħˣҲʮﺣ֮һңռ컽ƵʵƵɵɵɵȻҪǿһߣһ̲ͯı
˵ڶ̶ʱ䣬û̽ͯԴҲǴ⡣ֱõİɵȻҲΪϲ֮⣬ϯͷЩ
ֻҶһЩҲǰɵɵӵķ绨ͷĳ鵺ռȺҲӣݲСֱ̲һϯҵһڷѡ
ΪһʲôС䣬һڡû뵽һǵڣǳھǺݻһ㶼ʲôӡ
С뱾˵ҳ֫ͻҳ˵һٶ죬ʮӰͳһ˹ȥ
һ״һһ棬ͷʮֱŶȥ
С
ҿһơֻû˵ʮ˲רţԼѨ
Ҳħڸ֣ת˺ͬʱӶ˫ƲϵĺЩʮƲŽЩ
һĻڳУֻ𾪲ѣǰҲΪԾһѿһŭ㵽ʲôˣǸ֣ȻڲݣǺε
⻰һƲһЦҲᣬǰѱ
Ҽ龰ΪһȻ˲мѽѽһҪٶ֡ʱΪİڿڡ
ҵλǽºľѣǶ˶ɵĹͣһӣΣ
ɿڱһݣһ֣ж¶ɵ֮ɫȻ⴫˵һ֮նɱǻеɻġ
һʵ֮⣬ȻҲٲˡһ֪һǼ񣬼ɸ̨ףҲ˳һһλϡ
֮ؿϯΪ־ϯϯȴûʲôħ֣֮ｻҲ졣ǻӺͺͷȺһߣ̸лһҲǾ֮ˣ׺ħӣʵΪԼףûΪħųӡİΣҲԵΪǢ
ϯһӶ˿е֪˲Ϣݣ֮⣬һĶӾȻҲħų׵ɢϢӣǴ˴ոɵɢޣӡϯЩ˱ʮﺣеܺˡ
ƺգɺˣ̸һἰɵض顣ĿıΪ˴򿪶ȡñ
˷ӦԿɳһ˵֮⣬뻨ӣͷἰλȻǲ֪顣˵жɿкôãλҲ⶯ֻǶгǸ֮Ӧֻ˵Ҫǡ
Ҳǿɢϯ֮󣬷ֱ˷䣬ס£Ҫȵ˿ʽж
һΪˣҲùô飬ɵŮӾԼҷű㲻ϳ֮󣬰룬šء
׵ѣ¿Ǿˣ
ľ֮⣬λѽ֣ͬô򿪶ͷ䱦֪ľΣ
ã
ǻľǰȥɣ
˵ţһǰһ㳯һȥ˵ɵϹȵĵطѰӸܽ룬ʶʮ徲ɴһڵת˺þãһ䷿ſڡȥȻڷˡ
ö˽˻΢ЦһΨһȻһЩ񣬲ȴǳһʵҲơ
ǵֵȻλѵ룬Ǿһͬǰȥɣ
˵䣬̧һӣͻأһ⻪ֳַ󷨣һҲ죬һ󣬲𵱳Ĵ˵ΧС˲٣⻪԰ȻҲࡣ
⻪תٴοʱֻһ˼һɽ֮Уʯһɹˮ뵳һɹɳͷһطȥ˵ǶȻǰ˵붴йϵһȪˡ
ʯ֮Уһ̻ģˮ̬ʯšɴʯǰ̧һӣʯźȻпֻһǰǶһƴ󷨣⻪ڣȻͬն


߶ ˮ
ͬǴ֮䣬ĤסطǰããȻǲͨĤ޷ȥˡ
ָָܣԴӳʦֳ˴֮ɵ벼ͷĴƳʯ֮ƣȻʯʦ˱ҽ֮ʱĤ·ķ˺Щʱպ͹֮£ĤǼȥܹ֮ʣ¹Ĥ֮лأ´ʶ˼λһ֣ͬϣܹմ򿪽ƣض
˴ԣڳҲϾűش򲻿ĸоʮܡҶȪɵʯϵͼԼʣµĤⶴǷͬСɣж㽡
ʱһԾĬõӿڵ׵Ȼо˶꣬ȴЩ˿֮УҲƲ˶Ǻεȹԭ˭˰ɣ
Ե˵ͷ˵ʦƽ˴ƣʦһʯϣжءһɫƣٴӹǳʱԶƲ⣬ǧǰһλͳʮˮ޵ǰˮ죬á
֣⼸λһȻ𾴣Ψһ֪ˣûӽͣȻԭλˮǰԪӤˣǧǰкȻֲ࣬弶޶ûУļͬɳһࡣ
ʱĽʱ޼Ȼвٵֻǽһ֣ܶԸޡʱˮͻȻ֣ԪӤ֮ͳ˽죬һֻһɫˮֶΣһȺ޵סҴԶ
λ˲֪ξʧ䣬˵尵ɱе˵ԲȥΣλ˶˽Ĵ˵Щ˵֣ʱȻ𾴣ħλǰ
˰Ըпһ֮˵ˮĶȤ͸ˡϾλͷĶĺöȻСн֮Уǰ𾴹𾴣ǰĿȴһʱûͣ¹Խǰ̶Խ
ǣҲ˿ѵȻ˴СһɫĽƣöΪ֣ҲˮǰԼ죬˵ֵĶΪԼۡڡ
ԣҲȻռǰ˶ΪԼҲǣһռɺһ㣬нĳ
̤ϳţһĤǰָһɫĹĤ˴Ĥ֮ãһľԣˮľȡˮľṩڶ㣬Ȼǻ𣬽ˮѭʹĤôڡľԹĤͻԶĥȥˣԹĤȴֲ
ˮʵԸп»ð㣬ԸȴǱƣǿдһĤ˵ǰĤһʱ䡣
ɿ˿ˣ˼ȻҪ˳ֻ֡źǣڳûľԹˣҲ˵ûõѡ
ʱҸ¸һЦڵȻǶͶãԸһǰˣĤȻ֪û˸һְͬ
ҿͷ˰ˮԹŲó⣬ԾԾһҲվ˳Ҳһƿнƣһ浽ʲô
˷˸Էλվˣһֶ̽ʩչҷųһħצ˺޵ƣһҵĺڹ֣һɫ򵽹Ϸӷִһʮö뷨ùڶͷ׳ֳգֵײ򵥵ĪӣʹһڹĤնһ
⼸λһҲ˵ֱʮɳڹĤϣÿÿĥһٷųһһֱǲĥĤٶҲȼλһ֡
ν˶𵤼ĸͬʱ֣ܿԵĹĤҲԳһʱĹ򣬹ĤϱһơҼÿ죬Ҫͷһһ˫ħצĶһ͵ĻϣһĤȻ鿪
ԹĤ֮ԹĤǰ档ڰ֮£֪ԹĤ´йԡڻס£֡ȻԹĤϻĽЩȻֻȫһˮ׼ʮӴһٵɱ˳


߶ 鵶ˮ
ڳǽ𵤼֣ǷǷлֶΡڽܹͬʱ˰ɵĽ飬ѸٷһȻÿÿʧһǽɫĤ㰵һ֣ȻܲϷųȴȻԽԽС
ҲǻԼĪһʱ˽ľǽԹĤȻɢȥ
һĤˮԹĤһ͵Ĺﵽ棬ͬˮ棬˼Ӱ죬Ƭָ֮ƽһʱ֮䣬ҫҶֳһ޼ƿʩ
ǰˮתĹĤһͷ̫ƪϵһ仰ǣˮˮΨ֮ߣ
һԴĦ⡶̫ƪ֮Բκص֮£Ϲ̫ϵйأǶȻƪ£˹Ĥһ赲ƣ̫ϵ֮о֮⣬֮ˣȻǵ
ڼ̽Ѱֶް취ʱҿڵ׵һĤѰֶθ޷򿪣һǰǰԼͶò˵һҪѡ֪׵Σ
⻰üͷ΢壬ǱƵΣϽض˿ͶҲĵߡһھҪѡɵв
˵֮˵ûذҵ˷ȻǾұѡ֪ѿСֶΣɹѡô˵ţһ˫ĿɨһȦȻһ
һ״Ȼ֪οԼ˼һתվľĳЩֶΣԸһԣ
ɱֻһĿһһ˽֮ǷֶΣ⻰ʱϲ⣬æľѿֶΣ
һ˵ͷһԣ
ұھϯϱһӣԼһֱ˴ƣͷǲݺݵߣݵţý붴ҸͲ㣬ɣվӲġ
ɼһ˻ش΢΢һЦȻˣǻԷǣ
˷׷ƿһǰһ˦һ˸һöǵĳ֣ǡǽ̥ġǽ̥λ𵤼ֺʿټһʱ䣬ƶѾΪһ¯һƣΪĴڡ
ǽ̥Ϲƶɣʶ뵱ͬһĴڣҪ룬Ķʺ֮ʩչڸʩչʮֹ
ڳǽһ֣ȻȲŸһŪͼķû⡣ڶһʵ෬ֻ֤֮һһϲΪĽ𵤸֣ǵķҲ˶ĿһһʹõɲǷȻǿ˲٣ǿվҲ˶ĿֶΡ
ߣȻ뿿ʹһĤǲҲŹôһĻᡣ
һһĮȻĿһۣ֮Уƺڿʲôһ㡣Ҳ̲סҪ֣վ
ˮԹĤǰһִ֣ģ˫Ŀ΢գһնһеĽⱼӿһԶǽ̥֮С
⣬˾Ȼǽޣѹǿᣡ
һ罥û䵽Ѱ̶ȣǴڴɣײ㽣޳ֶ֣Էͬһ㣬ѵʲôŴɳĸֲɡ
ˣľǽޣҲֻн޲ʵնɱ𵤼֣˴ûдˣ
ãǲҪһȫ߲֮Уֻüˣ
˼һ֣һͬͷЩʱһ֮УʱΨΨľֶΡ
֮òĶҺĽ롮ǽ̥֮У뽣϶Ϊһһֿնеĸоһʵʵн֮
鵶ˮ
һʹ絶ֱնȥһѽֱֱնˮԹϡǰЩһ㣬ûУʧ
Ҳڲסһ˿ʧҲпϧһҪ׼˵һ
ǣǹĤϣԳһһ˿ƣȻ͵ĳѿ˲ſƣʵʵڵĽۣһͨĤ£ֱֱĤΪΡһˮը죬ˮԹĤʧǰ
Ȼľϲ˶֪˵ʲôãһı飬֮֮֮̾ɵ֮˵ǰ棬ǻһһѰ֣ڣһУЩĪˡ


߶ 붴
ǵͨ;λΪϲЩ߷ߣȴҲ֪ʱƲ㽫ͷĲƶ
λı㣬һһǷӷֱʱķݶȴûἰһҲһӣ¾Щ֮ĸо
عĤƶ򿪣Ǵ󷨾ǰǰϸ˿⴫һӦþǶˣ֮ȻбȻҲؽƣλѺҪСʧ󡣡
ɴָҲζ׷ױʾŽ˼ȻĸƤǵʲô뷨˭Ҳ֪
ɴͷ½봫֮У⻪ת֮󣬱һ˹ʯң˸ַ䣬ˮͼǰʯţЩƣȻͬһˣͬһֶΪ
ʯֻһڣѭ·ȥһ·ϵǰȣûʲôأȻΪĴڣôơ
߹һת䣬ּ·һͨԱּŷ˶ʱ£һһ䷿УⷿʲôסһӦȫȴûбмֵĶֱһ󣬲ŷһǲֿӣ涼ǼӣϻڷЩ
ֻһǱ㷢ЩȼߣߵҲֻƷ𣬸벻ЩۣʮƿȻǷõҩģ㣬ռλ־ƿ
ƿеҩŷ֣ҩȻãƤûжҩȴǰҲޣȻǾ£ɢˡ
ʱͽǵﲻֹЩ㿴ۣȴҲܻЩʯߴ͸£ȴҲŹʣһЩ
Щ䣬Ǹͼʹõĵط֮ƶûУĶҲ㲻ǱʶҸȡˣûó˼һϴ˺Щ䣬ܹŪϰټ֮һЩķ¶
ЩѾһȺƻĽ𵤸ֵĺ֮£Щ˲֪꣬û˴Ľܵס
һᣬԺ䶼򿪣ﾡ¶Щ֮Уʹ֮ﶼԸ߼˸Ӿµʹΰ⣬вֲ˲֪ͷĸ黨ݣǵ˻ϲһժͬȳݲ
ãųһͬһڡֻⱦϵĽƾЩˣǰĤҪ̼֡ǰһֽ𵤸Ҳϧ׷׽ֶʩչȻĥĤѵʱ仹٣Կǰ˶֡
ⱦ֮ҲǺЩӣҪ˵ȴҲ࣬ϡϡʮÿһǷȻƷߣֻһӣǷһļֵֵʮ
Щ϶нǰһɿȡҽ֮󣬸ѡķƽʱ㿴ֶθߵͲͬһƽǡƽƻľǶֶΣʩչһʱƿ
˼һôٶȣԾͬʱȡռ˴ͷһѡͣǶһ
һȡÿ˶һȻȣǸֶ£οҶⲻСͷһ˹󣬺涨ȻкöЩ
Ȼһ·ȥ⣬۹ģǽֶζǰһ󡣲֮Уһĵҩ򿪽֮ۼʮСƿʮֲĵҩҩȫʧʹļײѡ
һֿ򴢴˲ɲϣҩĵȵȡǵһ˼˵˺֣ϵϡҵ˼ȻΪвû̫ô
һƬڱת꣬һֵĶԴߣʽŴһĳڣҲλõڡ
λãһƷƷ֮һ·ף֮ϣſɼһĹһⱦ뵶𣬱һͷ̾ԱȽϣֱʼȲڶռ죬ɽţ𵱳ԴȴɣҲ˿ˡ
ڳ֮ˣɵӣıﶨȻһ֮УǰԵĵطһЩΧȻвٺö𹬵ȴʲô㲻ˡ
ֻǱǰȴûԸȶϾΧĽƶΪ빬ĻֶΣƽȻǲ˵ˡ


߶ 
˲Ϊİȴļˣæ֪˴ƣеԸһԣ
⻰ҲԸ¡ٴοһȴһ˫۾Ʒƺʲô
ٴα̽˼ɿʵľѿǿʲôô
һջĿ⣬ҡҡͷһƷƺЩڵʲôľĳͲö֪ˣ
⻰һĿԶ鿴ԶʲôƴڵջĿ⣬ƽƽ棬ƺѰװεƷϿȥ
һҪ˶ֻǿһЩĵطǰȴǾһɫ
ͬʱƺ˵ĿӼʲôƷϵȻ˹ХһϷצ˹
͵ùǰָ㣬˹æˣͬʱѵãǡһɫС˺ǧҪ̽ʶ򼤷޻ӰѶԸˣ
⻰˶ɵӣˮ˵¼Ҳסһɫֶξ򵥡˵ͬʱʶѸټֶΣɱȥ
ȴ˵ͷһɫûÿһͷٽ֮£֮Աⲻٹ֮⣬ǲʹβӣڡצſĳɱ
˺ͷɱһȴͷ˿໥֮仹Ϊǣ໥Ӧһʱ֮Ժɱ
ΪҪƽһڵ֮м󷨵ģжߣæȵͷˮ󣬴˴ˮϢŨʱԽãԽǲٳֽǷֿƲϲߣ
˼Ʋߣٲ֣ͣһԸһͷһңԼҪ¶ʵһͷһȥˡһֵʱǻһԣʶ˷һ顣
ʱǰͬԸǻƣ㿴ֶһڵ棬ɣͷӺʵȴڲ֮䲢û̫죻ȻʵѷɫһǿңһͷʤҲֻǱ˵˭ֶΣǾͲö֪ˡ
Խͷֿƽ󷨣Ȼ޴֮һ뻨һ׿ʤӽһѽʹʮ鶯ǶԸѰʿޣרѨǶֶΡ
ԸȲƤ񣬶Ҳ飬ʹûѨĴȴЩֲ֮ŮͷһЩС˼ʶ֮ʱһһλȡ˸λá
һ˼һת뷨֪Է뱣ʵȴ̷ȴмڴˣ֣ȡ֮һͷļʵĻù⻪˲ѡ
һλӳᣬýסʱһ԰ٷ֮һ֮䣬۽⽣һȡˡ鵶ˮ֮⣬ֱͷֻһҽдͷأһƮǻɢ
һͷ֮󣬶˷ֱ飬һҵĹͷȺסֻһһòɿ
ҵҲӲһ˫ħצĥͬǻռϷ磬ֻǼȥҪȴҪϺܳʱ䡣˶˻һһͷʮֲˬҪǰԼæȵǣ˺ͷ
˵䣬ҽħ߶һ˫ħצ͵ʮ̧һץסͷһץסβһ͵һûһǻȻ˺ѿ
ҵֶΣ

λһĻ̾ڣȻ֪ͷǲ룬ҹЦѡ
ͷɱƷĹ⻪ҲѰ˵ʲôƷ룬һɫкȻͬʱһǿҵӳϡ
һͻأִ󣬱һС׶ûܾ죬գۼ䣬˶ֱͶ֮ȥˡ
һУǹʧʱֻһһĵطһƬѩأХһܹɱӡҺΪ򻻸ˣһֱӶɱ
濴˿ûʯûƷҲûйƺһжʧ˱ѩرֻһԼһֱڻеСҲûȥҲɵɻʲôط
˻ڣıһ׵Ƴ¡æ𣬱ܿѷ죬ڴʱоһͷһ󾢷Х


߶ ѩ
һʮͻأһ̧ͷȥͷһһǾٶҲǼ죬һͣѹͷϣƵòٴʮΣǾԵСˣͷ¶
ʱһ̧ͷȥһ˵ĳǰһߴɵıѩ˾󣬶һһ˫ֱ۳Լ˵ǰⰵǱѩڵǾֱۻƷˡ
ѩˣһΪмʶҲ㾪˵壬ڵ֮·һϣ⣬˵ҲûѩȻ;޴ȴһԣһϣˣһȴһ֮ҽ
һóĽԼǿټӳˡɽͨѰħڣﵽħڸֵһҲֻлһ˵ѩΪǿĶ֡
һƻӹһ˵𽣹ֱӶӡǱѩҲƶᣬŲӣֱ۱׷Եñأһɣ˫ֻ裬һ󺮷磬һ˺Щ
ʱڴˣῴһһ߱ܣһȲӬħӣǲӬǱˣһ
һɶʱ˵㣬ǰһ޼ʵıԭ뵽ͣϢıѩˣһһĸоʱС׶֪ȥҪҸܣֻͷ񱼣ñѩ˴Լһ㣬һֵǲǡžˣ
㣬һһһҹҲ˥ߵʱǱѩҲɥʧģͣ˽Ų
Ϊ˽ѵʱ򣬱ѩˣ֫ŵأ͵ſһһѩСһ׼űٴαʲô֡
һ̣㵵Ŀ֮Уһʮɴֵľ޴ƥֱ˹
ǷıԵһɫ˿߲棬죬ıѩһɫ˿ֱ߱ӱѣûƬ̵ԥͳɡһŭеôǿռѷ죬ѵδһҪﲻ𣡡
ȿռѷ죬ųƿԸһУɵǷϵĸʱ߳ʹõֶΡϱûдﵽڣܹռֿ֮ռѷǧҪ̽õıŤͷߡ
ռѷ촵һóԽ޵ٶȷɶҲӲѡȻϾʹһ߷ɶһ뷨ӣƽʱ򣬾ıҶ䣬̫ƪ֮еƬȵȣʱȻԲʹֻӿռ䣬ѰпõĶ
ʱӿռ֮УеϰͷӰֻЩﲢûжʧ𺫳ϴһʶһ̽˹ȥ
Ȼһȵİڷڽӿռһϡһ׼õʱԱһȴע⡣һ׶һĶ͸͸ˮһ⣬ⶫǵѩһġǡ
⡮ǡ֮һȻûʹãȴҲһһ˿ӡСʱʶ̽ʱ򣬷ˮһǱƽ鶯࣬һ飬˵ʲôһ㡣
ƽʱһһúоһʱͷ⡮ǡ仯Ȼ˵ϺûǻȴǲͶҽĽǡͽ˳ֱ㳯ѩ˹ȥ
ڡǡײǷһ˲䣬׵ģǷͻأľɢǱѩˣǼʲôݵһ㣬һͷ㵹ڵϰ֮󣬱ѩͬѩһ㣬תۼڲ
ǡǡųˮԽԽ鶯żˮƺһβһ㡣
һޱȵһĻһ㶣ȴҲǽٳǡǡ̽ȥʱ򣬱һЦУǰһ
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һŮУЩϤȴǰЦһðվԼǰ˿ΧԼѾǾ޴Ʒ֮ǰλվܣ˫Ŀգƺξһ㡣
ǰ龰ĿһҲξãҪ˵ʲôһȴ壬͸ֻÿʵ׵ô£
ԣЦҡҡͷֻǵñƷ˽ȥڵм侭Щʲôƺһξ̫ģȴǼǲˡ֪ľǺ


߶ ͻ
ðɵĻһŰɣҲ֪һǵñ̽ԼϵǷʲô仯
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һɻʱ򣬰Ҳˡתѣʼʲô£ֻ˵Ժ֪׷ʲô
ȻһΣͨƷ׾ڽ£ǰ˺ܿЩԾԾԵ˼ⶴĽֶȻֹôһ㣬֮̽ȷһ㡣
ԭⳤϣÿһ׶һؽƣ幹һǿĽǲܷɶݡҲ˵Ҫһһ׵ߡкõǣ֮ϵĽƲʮǿֻҪ𵤸ȫһܹƿ
һ֮մЭֻ֣ƽܹĴнƳǹ
бǰ˸ɾʮ㣬ɵһ֣һˮƿһݵĽƣѸٽһɳƵڶݵĽƣ
һףһǧʮףķһʱĹžȥһһĳֱ֮նơһԾϣǰĹ㳡ϡ
һɹɶ칤֮Ҳ֪Ǻεǰ죬Ȼʮﺣô꣬ȴǳٳûз֣ͷһҲǴжĵ壬ǰп
˵ЩõĻЩ걻Ƿ˻бķ𣬱ҪЩʲôöһۿȥ㳡ϵ﹬ţûʲôƣһЦҲ˵ĸп㳯ȥ
˼״ԲռȣҲ׷׸ȥΨһһɻĿ˿һΪڷţоһϤϢת˲ʧѯСףҲûз֡ҲֻܵԼоˡ
֮ǰ㳡һˮءԶԶȥȻǷ߽һðɾһǧ飡
һʣ˷׷׳һǡǧ顯ǧ۶ɣǲಹĵҩдѰ£һСڡǧ顯ļҩֵǧʯ
ϸȥȻһˮصġǧ顯Ǿ͵ͬһʯɽǰʱһϲ⣬ſ񲻿һҶԳϲ֮ɫ¸һЦץһƿ㿪ʼ㣬˼״Ҳȿֺæ֡
Ǿ㣬Ҳֻǡǧ顯˿Ƶ֮Уܹȡһڵ
ˣ㼳ȡ֪ʲôʱһͷҲ
ˮضȻйŹ֣涨ȻнֶΣ罫֮ƣӦܹӼȡٶȣӽ
ˣֻˮؼȻʢװǧ顯ĽƶȻйأǽƣ᲻ӰĻۡ¶һ˿ȻôƽƼȡǧ顯ɱȡѡ
ǳһȥƣܹӼȡٶȵ㹻̶ȣֲˮأǾãͷȻһ·һر޷֣ҲȻ۲òС
ⲻ㽨Ľ飬ңӣӶͷƺãĬһֿŹ񣬰ɶ֧Ҳֻεĵ˵ͷͬƽơ
Ȼһͬ⣬Ҳͨҵ˱ȲĶΪ˱ƻˮ֮еġǧ顯ֶšʶ̽صףѰһ֮󣬹Ȼֳӵһޱȵ֮мȡתҺ̬鷽ת䡣
һҲ󷨿Уˮ׼ȴҲʲô󷨣̶Ȳ²⣬һƷ󷨡뵽ôһҪԪӤڣڸã̧ͷһǰһɼҹɵͷһ˼ԭ˵Ǻε
Ȼ̽鵽󷨵ڣҪƽ󷨣áǧ顯ļ˱æʩչƽֶΡֻȻǰЩ򵥣һصסĥܹεĵֿǵƽⷨš
ģҪʹǿӲֶβˣ
ֵ˵ţͬʱ뻨ӵ˽һֶκһģͻǿӲҪƿֱӺϡ
һĻɫ΢䣬óӵײ󷨷ųס˹ͬʱ֮һɫâ˵ֶξס
ͬʱջֶΣҸǡһЦ˵ûô򵥣׵ɸɵһоôãôûֶΣ㻹ǹԹԵĽݹִݻ
⻰˿ʱɫһ䣬ȻŮҲ̫ˡɼ״¶һ˿Цпԡ
ʱһ̨´Ц׵Ǳڶļ檣˭˸ҶִݻϱӰƤ


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⻰ҵһ㶣ɫɷףǼ˹һ㣬ҧ߬ʲôʲôһ㡣
ҵȴһָŰɺȵɣΪ򿪶ԭǹˣڻңҽץסȻҹҹͷ֮ް˵ţһצץ˹ȥ
ʱ˶ԣҲ֪ǲ˵Լ˵ƭҲֹҳ֣Ͼаѱ֣ܹռ
ͻأ֣ۼɾҪץסȴбɳһɫһצײһɵһ
ģʲô˼ѵҲһﲻɣ
ԭһֱ͵Գ֣Ϊħ˵Ȼڹ۰ɵֵڳˣɶû뵽ġ
ٺ٣ҵҿɲҸ׵һֻǰ£׵ڶ檣ȻҪΪֵһ
ʱǽµٴδ˵úãøãĹһάģ
⻰˶ʱףԭǰĲǰɣǱŭһ˫צһ̧㳯˹ȥЦһϣȻʵѷҲǽ𵤼֣䲻ʤҲһʱ̾ͻᱻɱġ
׼һ֮һʱһХ·һͷչɿĴֱӳ˹ȥ͵һ㽫˫ħצѣæ𣬳ӭ˹ȥ
ұסһ˫ħצκҲܳȥɱԵñŭѡҪ̨ףŭһ˫צٴλʮС㳯˫ץȥ
ͷļޣǿ׳һ˫צҲΪɵһڳҼȻֶʩչȻ޹צһתѸʮץۡôҽһűץѪæڷûмˡ
󵨣˱ڣ£
һһӦŵһһӰӾʹ·ұ˹շͷҲᣬҪ
Ҽɫ΢䣬ȻʵѰ𵤼֮ˣһһܹܶԷһԶƴˣҲܴܿƽ֣ҲֻаȾܵķݶ
Ҳɵӣʲô־𵤼£Ҳ֪Էƴһ߻Ӷ˫צֵһߴ󺰵λѣ߲ƣʱ֣ǵȵñƾʹӣ
⻰ӣͷӶüͷǰһھʲôһһпûжֵ˼ƺѾˡ
ҵūǰ㣡û뵽ʱǻһŮȴǶģһѽͳǰɫӰ˹ȥ
֮󣬺ͷҲʲôһ˹ҲȥסһɫӰһʱ䣬˫ڹƽ̶ϡ
ԭɢ޵ӱսҲ֪һϵƣܲѵģֻ̾˿ὣϣʱĵת۾ռϷ硣
ҶԶԸͷ˫צͣ۴Уȡһ״ķסһƬռ䣬Ϊ˷ֹڡ
ռϷ磬Цʲôͷ¶β뱾ԣ˺㣡
⻰һߴ´ӰȻ𵤼ּսţһʱ䣬ģְϷ硣ͬʱһĵЦ´Ϣŭҽǰɣ
ԣһЦã˴󹦣ܽɸץûȥҵǰԼ䣬ϵȹһ㹦
⻰л㻯һҹ³ع㳡ϣܿˣֱӳץ˹ȥ
߾Сˣ
ɽһֱ̧һˮȥֻˮֶΣ࣬㣬һȥҪ
ʱһһԴ㵱ľĳǲڣ
תͷȥԭʮ֮һȻѾǰгȻһʮ籡ֱŶ
һ·һչֳʵͷһæջسʮնȥЩô򵥣ײһ÷ɽϵԪ߽˼֣ʮͽɽ֮еԪɢˡ
ɽæӶݵʱ򣬰ɿһľѣΪһжԸһȺӵķţ


߶ һ
һŰɿһۣǽ֮ɫڴŮȻʮΣҲˣʲô˵ͷһֵĮԣϣ׵Ҫʲô
һϲæͷһ̧֣߬ŵĶ˳ԭһöˮɫӡһöӲǷҲǷзųϢʮ棬һʱ˵Ŀ⡣
ɽԪ֮У㳡ĵϣԭֻʯɣûʲô⣬ʱȴһ󷨸ֳÿֽϳһӵ󷨣ʮϳһʮַ󷨡
˶ֶͣΣæˣҪ˳󷨵ķΧ㳡ĵ涼һ󷨣㳡һƬ㣬ֻܷҪԴ˱ֵܳ˺
ץо󷨵ϵ˷ܵԳһ˿ڳ׷ݹӣԼɴ򿪶һ뱦ɻ֮񣬶Ѿ򿪣ݹӼȻˣȡ֮ǣɾسŵǡ
⻰ףԭݹаţ򿪶һ붫ǰǷ֣ݹӰΪӦԼһ²û˫ļƻ֮вŶԡ
Σ̨²ŴݹӵЦɣӿ㣬ҲĸȻģòο㲻ǿΧǴˡسŵˣȻûд򿪣ŵȻЧɣñ檣Ȼĺô
һĻﾹȻҪ˲ãգΪһ֮Ҳо֮ˡȻλССɵܹ⣬Ҫ̷ȴҲϣ˼һᣬ˾
ðץңңһָ󷨶ʱˮγµļ𵤸˹ȥͬʱȵλѣɽΪһǲܽ£ҵȶȻһ٣
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ţڳһɽǽһзԪӤ򣬸½һ󶥼ɣʵĄ̊́ӲĲˡɽЩֻСҼһ㡣һָͷܽڳеĵˡ
뵽ҵ֪Ϊʲôλʲôݹӻû˱λ̴ӣһͷᵤĻݣẦˡ
ðɽԼűλ˿壬ǹЦɽЩССĵʲôģǿϹ˳ҵūͣƣձӾһһ
⻰Ȼɽţڳλɫʮѿɳٴκλѣѵ֮ҪҪūͲɣ
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Ҳ˵ɽΪɣ¹ţرǰѾһܣɱȡ˱ߣȻŮӣȴҲǽһѽҲɱȥ
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һɴ˴ɽһʱ򣬼λһ񣬻ӣͷͬʱ֣ͬסҴ˫צһƻСɽһ㣬ֱײƷ͵ĳץ˹ȥ
ҿһվ̨ϣҴΪֻпڣЦʲôʲôɽҪɱңҪūͣҾҪȡ±ӲҪײϣ
ʱ꣬ҲݹͷҲ̧ĳ治־ܾ֮ɱң㿴ӵɣ
һ䣬ҷһ˫צץ·ϱҲ䲻ȥұҲͣڰϣȲҲ£ƺһ㡣
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 ټԪ
һɱ˾ʱַȥմȾϵķɻң̧ͷ¶һѰŮӻҪµӣһ˿аӵ׺ĸء
һһֱûж֣ͷһȴһֱģ˿̼öԷ⸱ݣԼʲôطϸŷ֣ԭǵħ֮ս貨ŵġǧ̲֮оٰ콻׻ᣬ᳡ϣһ´롮쵤ˡ
һԴ˲ʮ⣬ֻ֪ڵӣԪʱ棬Էȴʲôɽһʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪ʲôϰ˸ıݣ˴Ҳ⣬ʶһʱҲŶԷԼʵ
ɣ׵ϽôԪǹһ˿аЦü֮¶һУռһеζ
ҲԾڶԷֶΣɲüݹӣ㲻Ҫңҿɸ󷨣Ƕ㣬Ҳͬھ
ͬھƾ㣬ߣǱӿΪ𵤣һ赣Űƾݣ벻ñӷۣڶ༧֮еһ㻹һֶΣͬھδ˵λ˰ɣ
˵ţԪ˹ĳ˹ǰǱֵƺ
Ԫ߽ɻ˺ȵ㲻ҪٹٹҾͷˡ˶ʱзҲԲ˶ߣ
Ԫߵǰͣ½ŲмЦЦ˶ߣǽ˶ֵñǰɵӵ֪ϷҪһֻӶ֪ԭˮĸżȻƤӵ¡
ˮĸż⻰ڳൺ㶣ƺû˵ʲôˮĸżĴڡ
һԵһͷѵһʮ٣۰Զˮĸ˵ˮĸ˼ĴڣŲ˷ֺ˵㣬վһʮ֮˥䡣˵貨ҲһˮĸУвȫû뵽һˣˮĸżѵǲԳƴ֮زɣ
Ԫ˶Ʋ֪⡮ˮĸż˵ЦָˣҡͷһӲɽ̵̬ȻЩӣֻū͵Ĵڣˣ˳ӣһ·ǲ˳·һһҰɣ
⻰һڵ໥˿л֣̿ţȣӺϣȻп˼ǰұһҵһĻҲ̫˾ǸовҲɲòǵͷˡ
ߣͨ뺣ʮϢʱ䣬ˣ˳
һǻӯӯһݣ״ݹӣūԸ˳ūԸΪţʹԹԡ
Ԫ˵ͷ˹֣Цű˹ȥһξժ˭֪Ԫɫһ䣬ƱһֱӳӴȥ
ӻ뷴ǵʮֹ죬ֱӾʹüģֻҽһˤڵءƬ֮󻺻һԹĿԪһۡʱüĳһӡǣȻмѰ޵ֶΣȻһ±ǱԪ˱ǣūͣѷ
Ԫ״һЦøӣҲ˵㣬ħˣЩɫȻݵ΢ֲ赣ǽźúãҲǲΪ檡Ȼ˳͸һԺŰɣ
ӱӡǣ֣ɼҲ֪Լλãһ򸣣˵ԪŮվá
Ԫת֮ɱң˻ӣĺͷҲӲĲҪˣҲֻù˳ӡǣý𵤸֣Ӵ˱˳Ϊū͡
ʱԪĶ棬ֻʣһͰɶˡһЦ˲ڣȻѹ޷ˮĸżˣˣūҲҵݣȥһˣɱɣ
һһ̴Ӧŵһ˫һӣųԲ䵶ͳһɱ˹
һ״һһݣɶݶ𣬲䵶ӲֱӽٶʩչҶ
Ԫ״мĺһٲһֱӳ˹ȥ
ݹӣȻ檳ȺﻹȱһСŮӣҽ㣬ȥΣ
ߺߣǲȱ㣬ҪŮˣûҪģҾҪˣҪɸҪ㣬ҲҪһӲˣ
ԣ߷ߣ˿ɸװжԷ뵽ʲôӲһʱ֮䣬ͷٻŭûзй֮νʿ֮ŭѪߣŮ֮ŭŮ֮ŭҲǷͬСɡ
ðɣ˫ҪǮƵĹ֮У㳡ϣ󷨶͸һ˿Ϣ˼ȻҪͬھ


һ ϳ
оԪһЩ壬˸ŵɫЩˡһ󷨴ʱ͸ĻϢȵһԪӤԱˮ׼ƾ˵ʵʲôʲôһġ
ݵģҰɾҪͬھ
ɽһ˫ͳȥʱƺ󷨵һ֣һָž磬Ҫ󷨣һ
һָϵ˲䣬һ廷Ԫϴһ塣廷֮У󷨵ĻϢʱͬʱҲһӦ廷֮һõζ
ɼһĻǲܣһת˫ˮ⣬͵ı㳯ȥʱԪЦһ̧һУȻķУܿ˰ɻһ
ܣˣûκ˵ӡǣôܿ
ȷʵûκΪ޷޷ܹơӽ㣬ȻûһΪ֮ԵĻ壬ΪΣΪֻҪлһһ裬Թаˡ
˵䣬Ԫ塣ʱﾹȻճһصƷƷ͵ʱ̣㳡󷨷ǿĹâһ㡣⣬һž·׷׷˲СǧٱһСֱƷ֮ȥˡ
ԪǼƷ̧ȡ״׷˳ݣֱͨɹ֮СЦһɹƣܹͨ׺Уˮĸż֮ʲôطܹסӵĽŲ
⻰ڽͷɻԭǰһֱϣΪȡôһ챦
ôɣٸһᣬǹ˳檣ǲϹ˳ǿūͣȡ֮ٴ͸¡֮вѧ˲ɲ֮ضһĵȻȤɣ
㣡ɱͬھﵶȥԻһһǵͨ죬һʱ˵
ʱؾվԪĻŤ԰Ȱ˵׽㣬Ǻοءļ檣ǿޱߵĺôСҲ벻ģͿӦ˰ɣ
ԪȰ˵ĵ˵ͷ˰֣˻ȥŵʶʱΪܣɣʱ鸽ʱ
ɴʱͷΪ޵Ůޣòǧ޳ΪɲĶ¯˴˼󷨣ܹɶͬھҲ׬⡣
ֻʣԱ𵤵ֶΡֶΣҪɱֶβ౦ȴԵǰ
ȻԪףĿҲѰͷǾʮֱҪעҲûһôɵһ˿˳뷨
ԪǾþԵ֣䲻˵ǧҲǼ檳Ⱥд붼ǿȵԹɫװھ֮УһЦʹڼһѻȴһըһԴ
һһ̴ӣһ˫ɫ䵶ֱӱһȡ׽ը飬콣⣬̴ֱڣһҽУһը죬̴ӵ˺ƬѪʹƮɢ
ڳ˼״һЩ֪һҲû뵽̶̵ܹʮնɱһ𵤼֡Ԫ콣նɱԼ̴ӣкŭͬʱȴ¶˼
Ƭ̣ԪȻЦԭʦܼ٣ʦʧԶӭʧʧ
⻰һ뵽һȻԪйϵǰǰһΪһ·ʱöʦֵܣɫʱҰ
һԷԼݣҲαװȥĨȥϵαװһԲϢųĿԪһ۵ʦ֡
Ԫ˵ͷУ˵ʦһȻͬ죬ʦ
һ΢΢ҡͷҳݡ
ãøʦڶ೤϶Ϊ֮еţȴ˲Ľұ䷶ֻǲ֪ʦ֪Ȼӭɽúþһ۲ǡ
ʦֿˣʦֻΪһ鷳ʦ֡
ʲô񣬿ˣԪʲô
һҲʲôģǰ𸽽һȺˣ
ԪɫһʦĿº


 С֮ŭ
һԹɫһף⻰ƺ֮ͷԾ裬˵ͷº
ãɱúãʦܹȻɱڣʦ˵Ԫתһɱɽ֣ѵרԲɣ
һ֪ԼײƶԷоʲô֮ͬˣʲôʦֵ֮飬ģȻôƮƮ仰ͽҹֻ⻰û뵽ǣѹһΪõºȻɽ¡
ԪΪһţһЦôʦ㻹ôҲգҲգգѿҲ˷ˣ
һ˫һУĿԪһۣʦҪΣ
ԪЦʦǴˣˮĸżҲ˵ȱأǵʮ֮һҲֵɽʮٱĲƸǻӣҶȻɱڣʦ㲻ͬź֮Ҹһᣬ˳ңҵ̴ӣԺҺ֮ҲܵõСķչ͵λ
һԣ˵ǲ˳Σ
Ԫϳһ˿Цǲ˳ǰ˱³һҾǡû֪ϡο֪ϣҲΪһˣԪݼڵݵλҲġ
һ˵ͷݼڼ֮һӴ󣬲ĳǶʦԣˡѴ
Ԫ֪һĴ𰸣һЦãܺãνŶйˣҲֻţҪΪһ֣м֪˶ţ̫ʶʱʦܣϧһ츳ҪˣͬһҲ֣ͽǰɣ
˵ţԪһӣָǸոչ˳ļǸոչ˳ӣ繦δξ͸һᣬɱӴͣ
⻰ͷӣɫЩѿϾŻͬת۾ҪɱοһֶʮϬǼ֣Ҳ˵ʤ
Ԫ״һûõĶˣĸҲһϰɣ˵ﻹһͷޣΪ
⻰Ԫ̴ԼӦŵһʩչֶγһɱ˹ȥͷ˼״Ҳ֪Լٲ֣»е˺ģҲȥһɱȥ
һ𵤼ֳԼɱĮҲֶΣ˵СףҲɣվɱǣ
⻰˶УֻһҪ޻һʹһзɳըȻһǵŮһɵ̬볣ͷġޡֱּǲǧ֮
ʱӶС׵òֱĭǻӺͰɶŮƬ̣а԰̾ƽʱ԰Ļòֻ֮֮
Ψ˲ͬһͷļ޵ĴǼʲôֲĶһ㣬ѽҽУڳҪԶ룬˼㳡нڣηҲɲȥ
侹ȻŮŮԪ̾ܿͱԼķӦѣǷʲôǾϲ֮ɫе㲻ˣޣƺдԲޣҲˣļܱ仯ΣȻèǺ
СԣһҲֻǰһһۣǶʱŻԼȳʮֲһͷЦȴһƺüȥڳӽĽѡ
ԪҲûйСײϧĴ˰ΣΪõĵͷˣȻǣȻǺ壬ðŮʮѵһԲܹõһͷĻܳɾͽ𵤰
СӸ߰ڳ˿ֻۻݽһ㣬Ԫ⻰ȻҪԼ¯ȡԼΪͷһŭüͷһأһ̴һţһö͸ɳһ泤㳯Ԫɱ˹
Ԫ״ϲַ̧ųһƴСĶһǶƷǿ󣬻Ļ泤ס
̫ˣǺ𣬹ȻǺ壬𴿾ǸߵȺ塣ԹԸ˱ӻȥ޷ӡպΪ檣ȡ㻨ɾͽ֮󣬱ӶȻúò㡣
һ˵ţԪ뵽Լܹܿһͷɵĺ檣պ˳ȥȻĽʺޣͷһˬ졣
ⲻ֪֪СƢʵһȴͷЦǲ֪
ȻƽﲻŭСף⻰˵ŭڣΪ߰һ壬̵һΪݽ壬ԻԼһһͷβ׺ӰͷȻѪȻǶŭˡ


 
ԪȴŶƷΪ£ͷѾνС뷿УȡγȥˡͬʱǹĻǰĳȻͻأʧ״ӾС޼ƿʩ˵ֿ
׼Ȱ˵С׵꣬ԹԹ˳ʱ򣬺еԼ֮еȻԽԽ࣬ĻϾȻԳһ˿ϸȥһơƲʲôײɣǹĻܲסʲôѹɡ
ʶһ̽һɱĸоͷϴһսʱʲôļ壬ôܹʩչ𣡡
Сһ˫ͬмԪ˵ʲôһһֱ͵һߣֻһ죬ǶĻ˲顣һֱԪȥ
ȻԪ̵ĸовųÿһƷȶƵͣһڷﵽƷԲˮ׼
Ļ֮УԪ뵽Ҳģæ̴ӺոĵҽɱˣֻҪɱҲҪˣã
⻰̴ӺλͬӦŵʱų⽣ӰѤǵسһɱ˹
һ״һ㲻֪ҵôҾǿһһͷޣԣҲҳɣ
һЩйҪһϵʱһöӨɳһúԳ˳βһɨһ󺮱籩𵤸ֵֶײһ
һǺԵҲܾ´ͬʱҽһʮɣˤȥˡһųʮŽʣµĹ
һˤĺԣٿʿĮȻһ˫们һץ׽һǽ̥һƤɫתʮɽͨӳ֣һţֳ̤ͷһͬޱŭ⡣һ̵һﻹаʿһս
һʱ֮䣬һֶεļ˳ΨһȱݵǴ˼ˮĸżнƣ֮ơˣսܹնɱڣ𵤺ڶһ
һϵеı仯Լһǿƣ𵤸ֶһٳ֡
ʱΪͽ˹ӵı֣ưˣһϣնɱӣĺһн
⻰Ҳʱʽ֪ʱǼϲòֻʤնɱһǲһ·ߡҲԥ׷׳֣ʩչֶΣٴɱ
һһ̧һУˤһߵĺҲսɽһΪնɱһֻ˲סԣȫ֣Ϊնɱһ
ΧɱһȻͷûеףҲ˿壬˫ͬʱʱٵɱƱ㳯˽ɱȥ
ٵ⣬Ǻεȵ׳ۡһʱΧ˳һֲ㶼ˡ𵤸־ǽ𵤸֣ȻȣҲ־ܡѸٴЭһȻܿͲóһ򵥵սٵ⶷һʱ֮䣬˫Ȼһʤ
ǻһʿܹ𵤸ִòʤһ԰ˡһȴǲ״ϾԪȻֻ𵤸֣˭֪滹ûˡΪԪӤ˵ĸĸ᲻ҲҪʶıǾĽԷ
Χɱˣ̴⣬ͺͷһͷһһڹĽ¶һ˿͵ļ
ȻΪһһʿзͬʱԸ𵤸Ҳ̷Ҳ¹鸽ɽ֮£ҪУնɱһͷ
Ҳǽƻ֮ˣӦſ϶õĴʱһЦʹɽƿǵĽ⣬ֱһŶȥ
һ䵭Գһ˿üƵЦպƳͷףҪջطɽ
һ෬ðվΪһƣѵĻᣬһн˲ٵӰÿһӰһԽУһ˲䣬нж»ص֮С
ʱʮ⳯ųķɽնȥֻնɽ˲䣬нͬʱͷųٷ֮һʱ棬ƷͲǺܸߵķɽ㾭εն
һ촫ɽʱأſ͵һѪȻǣˡ


 ɷ
ơ㲡ҪһȻϴ˵ָٵ϶Ϊһ»ǽ̥Уһݣὣնȥ
ˣҪŲǿ첻һæȻǲΪˣҲ֪ݺĵ׷׳赲һ
һǹһ˿Цתٵֵͬʱ˿ͣգۼ̧һնȥ
һ̧ͷһ͸һ˿ζ
ҪɱңȥɣһµһһĿһâ
һâͣȻԶѰ𵤸ȫһȵϽ֮е˽˿ȽУǿҲҪˡ
һâҪһ֮ǰһһͻأĳһͬʱʮŵĤ֣סâǿʮĤͣεĵڵʮһĤϡ
Ʒгʱһͷ­һ侪ͬʱҲľ졣
һɱ˵֣һҲͣһˡͬʱʮڱ׹Ĥϣûüƿ㱻ѿȥ
ɱҲĸоֻƣҪ׷һȴҲܡ
һΧɱ̧ץڹĤ֮еĺâһɫ̽̽ο·ʶһ̽ȴûһĻ󷨵ĺۼǰȻֶΡʱ֪ҲһصĶ
ʱ̽Ѱصʱһ̧־ͽ̽ۿ˿ˣһһȻɱ˻ȥ
һȥͺͷһ󡣲˺ֻһƽ֣ĸȻ֣ȴѹ·硣
ǰֻ֮ȴ򣬲˿ðһ
ʱԪڵķ򣬺һǿҵը죬ȥȻǰȻֻʣбһźڿнɢ˵ʧһһƷȻ㱻Сȥ
С׻ȥԪɫʮѿȻݣȷ㲻ʮ󣬵һŮˣ˵ŮƵȳ̶ȣȴʮֲ
Ԫǿ޵Գһ˿ɫãããһܹʩչĺҲϱʩչһЩֶˡһλᣬҪ˳ġӿɲƤ֮࣬һòա
СױͿ壬ԪˣǲмһˣΨһľ仯ƬҲһҲһͷӰʵ˼֣ԪǼһķҲһ˿
ԪȻΪϧ񣬵Ҳ̲Ӻƣһ̧ץһдʣ̧һһȵĺֱС׶ȥ
Сһһʹ⻪Ҫֵʹ⻪ӴһǣԳһ˿ݣͬʱһڣҪ˦ʲôһ㡣Խ˦Խиĺϣܿչϡ
һɷҵӡģȵԪӤһ˵ļ弶ⶾûнҩҲֻһǱҪ˳ȣͷѾһҡȰ㻹ǹԹԹ鸽öлһ
һȻ߶̫Ҳһ˿⻰ʱǰһҵԵɡȻɽˣԪϵıֶΣһ֮עԪӤʱʹãԪӤһĹ
ֶΣƱǻֻΣĹͷʹáԪͬɱˣҪвСףֱӾ˳͵һˮˮ˼ϱˡȻ¹עӦûвƺͺķѣϵԪӤ֣ԼҶӱҪãôķѶϧ
ͷܼӵʱԪһʤȯյ͵С׹˳ӣΪһļ檣Ϊɾͽ𵤵
СȻ֮ȴûһ˼һ󷨾Ǳ˲䶳Ҳסչ
Ԫ״һЦȻȻܷסҵĵɷ𣬲ⶾﻹʮÿһΣ㶼ҷӡһ֣ҪΪôҲգҲãȻո㣬ȥֵ̾ˣ
˵䣬ԪҪٴγ֣ʱһը׺Ȼ𣬱һһֳ֡ǽ̥һõȴ׽һ׻ɫ⻪ƵĽ


 ֮
һƥƴӽ֮зų͵ײΧ𵤸ϣʱײ÷ʮɲͣȻƣ˲ûˣǵı飬뿴졣
Ǻͷп಻ԪӤ˹עĽһԪӤ˵ֶΣŴɳĵѵ㲻ͬ𣬻Щô
ԭһֳֵĽǵϴһһսûʩչǾɱţԪԪӤעСףͷûȼŭͷһת㽫˳
ԪҲΣգɫȵٽסҽ˱ɱ
˵꣬ͷҲأͳС״ȥСױһ㣬ͷȴ˾裬οеڶУֶʩչûŸӰԦԪĵɷ
ȴ˵̴ӣͬͷԪ褣ȻһнŵľȴҲòǰ
˵ǰһ侲ԵУǴʱΪСˣѾȼŭ𣬴ڱߵıԵ·һ˵𽣷׻ɫĳһնнӰ˳ÿһӰһԽУǺϲġ޽򽣡֮İڡ
˾ͽġ޽򽣡ܻûһӰ񺫳Ͻһܻûɼ֮ʵ֮ǿڶ೤֮Ҳߡ
ӰޱȣҪֵֵܹʱѣֻʣ½ݵ׷ɡ
һһݣһЦ磬׷ˣĽ̴ͬͷֱնɱáǽ̥ȡתԪ˹ȥ
һһתɱˣٳԪɱһǳɣͬԪӤֶεԪҲԾѡ
һڵɱԪͷһæĴҲȥͷͦ磬ԪӤ֮Ҳ۵һëǻգ׻ݣһϢʱ䶼ûеס㱻һӵϡ
ͥŲŰٱԪЩˣһתһųʮɷС״ȥ
СһŵȻϢܹͨʩչѰ˹Ҫ˵ȴԲ㣬һʱͱư˵ֻʣʹסһɷ
ԪС׻ͷϲæʹ˿յһɷС״ȥ϶ΪһҪС״ȥ
ڵɷҪСϵ˲䣬һʱϵǽһӣ㽫Ƕֱӽ
ۼûһ֮ǰСףԪҲɥٺЦû뵽ϾȻãý˽Ľ㣬ӣҲʮϲˣվҪǿϧϧ
һŭһڵӣȻǿȡᣬҪɱͬţǰһϵúý̵ϺķԪΪעֶΣΪŰ̸֮ĵˣ
˵ʲôԪС󣬴ûбָűʱ˲òҲԳ֮ɫеǰ࣬ҵΪŰˣͬŸһλᣬҾˣڣһҪǣĻգֱɢֹ
һںԪſ񣬷ת˿Сף΢΢һЦϢ㱨𣡡
Сԣԭϲ֪ľȻƮһ˿ϼǲԼ״һ棬ʱͷһţæ˵ͷҲƵĻʹ⣬صһȥˡ
һСԪſ񣬴šɡȻһһ׹
ըһͷ˳ͷȼų춾滹ͬҺһĻ档εϣֱӽʯשտһ𣬽ֵ֮סҪһֱմȥɴ˿ɼⶾ֮
һȻŭͷҲһ˿侲أͷһתʱֳͬʱǽֻ̥ȡ׽׽һĨʱǽʧ׽ϱǿƣƺһԪӤֵĴڡ
õúܣû뵽㻹ôһԪӤ˵ķʹӳǲ뷨ֻⶾɲֹǷ仯лעҵԪҲ֪ʦϲעԪˣ
ԣһһһ䡰ûУԾ֪ˣ޶һݣ׽ޱƣͳն˹ȥ


 
һֳ׽ܣ콣ӰնȥԪҲʾʹҡͷβһ
ͬΪ磬ʹĶԪӤֶΣѰ𵤸֣һܹնɱԷʱȴֽš
⣬ͣסԵĻӺӶ˺󣬶һֱԱ߲ҳֵİҲСţһȻҲ뺮𣬸ոն־˻
һʱ䣬ضǽ𣬼Ϊ˴нƣķӣȴҲһصʯשð߲ǾĴݲһ㡣
㶷˰ʱ˵ʹĶԪӤֶΣһЩҲǲ࣬ʹõȴиߵͲͬأֳˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊ粻ˣʹ߾ķֶΣȻҲСȴճ̶ȵĲͬѰʿʹԪӤֶΣܹʮ˵á͸˵Ҫ⣬ҪǧСıɡ
֮Уһǽ֣ʹýã޽򽣡磬ҲԽ߶𽣷ʮȻܹӳɶֻ࣬ĳɲ
ԪȻҲţϵʩչֶΣΪѪ츳ȵԵɣֻʩչĳһҪ˷ɡ
ȻǰڻۣԪģͽһֳֳתԽԽ˳ԪĶԽԽеֵס
ԪȻ竣˼ǸҲͷɵýɱﵲֻⶾһҲ׼һֶΡ
ηˮĸżĴڣһҪͷԼĸǰ¶㽫ֶθˮĸżϢ价Ƕˮĸżʲôٵû뵽һôһעɱǣȻƵȵز
˰ʱһľ»ָƽȻŭܹ侲ȡõĽ˼гϣȴҲֳһͷעԪԪһƮǷˡ
һ˲䣬ͷͷһǹԷǲǹԼϹǾһ̽
Ԫ˲䣬һһһ⣬Ӱͻƶķأתۼ嵽Ԫǰ
һ̣ܹĿԪеľ֣һ̣⾪ֻԪ촽һ˵һ䣺ϵˣʱͷԳһڣųʮߵɫֽ롣
һӰɫϣֻǴ𻨣ȴһֶûܺơͬʱֶѾתͷצδŶҺһӾͽһ˵һ磬ʱ˴һɢ
򵥾ͽһɱԪͷЩԣҲһ˿Цʱöһƣ
Ԫǰͷ͵ĶȻ˲Ǵ󣬶һը죬ը˷ɽڷѾˣˣڷųĹĤ㱻ջ˶ʮϸǹ⻪ȻЩˡ
ԪһֵĿǰΪһӰֽһ˭ˡ
㣬ôܶùҵĶ
һһûֶΣǰҪ檵ˣȴֶΡ
˻һһߴһдСȻ˵ֵ
ԪɫһףǰСʩչĻʱԼһǣ˶ƿԼΪϵƷԲ
ԪԼĶըɢһ׽ϣ׻֮ɫȻҲԪӤתȻվûȫɢٻһ֮
Ԫ¶ɫתæҪɱô㲻ɱңɱңһ٣ҵϾ֪ҳ£̾ɱңԼҲӲһţһҵ飬һ
һ⻰Ҳ׾ɽˣȻǲ٣ҪԪȡĻᣬܡϾ˫Ѿ³ˮĸżڴˣɱǱȻ飬ʲôͬţһ֡
ߣ˵ϻϵˣҲҪɱ˵һͦϣһɱԪĲݵ
Ԫɫ΢䣬ҪʲôֶΡʱС׻˳һǰֻ˵֣
Ȼ֣ȴǲɵļᶨȻԪôһڱԼԿˣС׿Ǻ޵ͷȥˡ̧һ㣬ƾбѩᣬڷʣļĤϣҲ¶ѷȻմȾ


 ǧһ
ֻԪǰԵҡҡ׹ļĤһһѿɢδ߶Ҳ޼£һо˵ĺƽ
СһȻĿһУʱϱյѾͷĺȴûһָһ㣬ֱָ֮ӴһĤ
ʮĤֻʣһԪһɷ׵վ棬һɽˮ᧿Σĸо
һĤѣչȥ˲䣬ԪϳһݵЦݣеˣɱңҪɱңǶɣ󷢶ףҵ·
˻һ¼һףǰġ׷ʱһ׹⽫סθ׷𣬳ɹɹȥ
Ԫһ߷һ߿ЦɣȻϧһƽ̨ӵˮĸżˮĸ֮Ϳһɳ죬Ƕҵĵʯˣ
⻰һСһۣɫͬʱѿ뵽ԭԪһֱƷպڹؼʱɹƾƷƵ׺ƽ̨󷨣ȷʵɹ֮ްܹûƽ̨ۣ˶
СңҪһһĽ׽Ϲ⻪ƣһ
СԵ˵ͷһһƮһ׺شħħ衯ʩչʱڿŵӰ˲Ԫǰһ˦㽫һԪ
һĻԪĿЦʱǣгַ֮ɫ󺰵㲻ƿף
һҲ۽һע׽Уͬʱ߶ʮɽͨһնȥӭԪǰ
ʱٴηųһ׹ҪһһסһһȫȻСһ׹ɢһͣ˽ơ
ȻǴƽ׵ķˮĸżһ֣ԾˮĸżԣԪӤ˶У˵ǡ
һֻûȫ߶ֻ׹ˮĸżĻǵгܴһ㱻ƻСһʩչȻҲãֻۼŶ˱׳ȥ
ԪЦУƶŶ˾Ҫײɹϵʱ򣬺һЦɹ֮д
ЦУʱڳ˶һ£Ϊʮûڵˮĸż֮оȻ˴ڣǶôֵ
һȻ棬ʱ˼ιư׹ķϣԸԴʱеһᣬƺͭǽڵİ׹˶һӾ˽ȥ
ۼžҪɹõУɾһҵԪʱּ֪ĸоð׻Ľӭʧ֮бǶˣһ̫ͻȻ˵һû뵽һ£۶жѪһ

ԪҽһضϵֱۣгԾ־壬ŭԹ񣬸ӺϡͬʱҲ֪ԼȻӲһץƷ͵һ󣬶ʱƷϾԳǶҪ󷨷ʯ٣
һ䣬Ȼƽ̨ͬʱһɹɻϢ·ش٣串Դ
һһһֱӽԪƷ̧һУæ̽ʶҪֹƽ̨󷨵Ի١Ʒ֮ûһƣģҪҲ޴֡
һĶѪͬ˵ԪЦ
ǶҪһƷϵʱѾеĽԻٵͬʱѾ֮УҪˮĸ
һһ̧ͷȥȻƽ̨ӱԵʼ׷ԻǻӺվýϽܣһգ۾ͱըɣΨɼ磬æɹɽʱǲܽԻ٣ֱɹ棬Ҳǳһһ̵顣
һСһۣ˲׶Է뷨ҲԪͬʱɹŷȥиƽ֮ɹϴȥ
ԪЦƾǾƽܵģһɣ
ȻһġƻľС׵ġƽȻǸߵȵƽַΪ࣬Ͷˮĸɹһ֡
ֻǶԸʹ˸һβбһΣһвоٻһУֶζʩչҲ˿á
ڽɹǰˣǧһ˲䣬һġ֨ˮĸɹĴžȻ򿪣һ⻪зųͬˮһƽ̨ϣʱƽ̨ԻٵĴ


 ټ
һĻһС׻ǰɣһĸоΨԪһʧ䣬еܣˮĸɹôԶ򿪣ܡ
ˮĸɹˣƽ̨ԻҲͣ˴һ뷨վˡ
һһϲͬʱתͷԪһȻǾͳȫ㣬СףҪ֣
С׵˵ͷһָûκηԪ˲ͣеĶУƺʱֹͣһ㡣ܿ죬һ㱡֣һOO@@Ԫƣܿ죬Ҳƣѳ˱м
һӰӱмƮԪĻǡһʮʵȵѰ𵤸֣ȻǳԹŵر
Сһſ³һֱ̣ӾѽѽҽеĻǱȥˡ
һĻһֶεһڰȴǱħħп־֮ɫһҲǰƽ̨Ի٣С׺һЩ˸ԼҲһɱ̳ԡ
һһ۵ףȻϲɺƭԼԼҲˮĸżһʱỹ벻δŮֻҡҡͷתС׵ǰ˶𣬿ǽⶾˣﻹмö赤ƽⶾȡȥã
СױһȻ⻰ûͷһţֻϻסһ˿򾲣ҡҡͷˣССĶǱûע⣬˵ҡ˵꣬ŤͷתˮĸɸҲ֪Ҫ̽ˮĸɸİأǲһԼϵĺϼ
СһҲǼֲ֣ԪϵĴĿ˰һۣڵȻƭȣ㱾ûжҴ治֮ģҲ㣬·Ѿ٣ҪȥҲѣҸ·һǸǽˮĸɹʲôԵʲôԵѣҲ㡣һ棬ҽȥ·Ѱ㣬ȥǣˮĸɸĺôҲˡȻѣȥȻˡ
⻰ɽĿ˶һۣȷʵûɱԼ˼һ룬ΪҸ˲ٴۣɸǰȻԸһȥ
һ˵ͷʾͬ⣬СҲûбʾ٣̷ҩָһ֮ųȥ
ˮĸɸųСһȴ־Ȼûһ˿ƣ˵ȫǱûпƺˮĸɸſ˫ֻӭǵǰ
һͷеһ˿ԾСףȴڶԼ벻ȻҲֻһֱߡ
ˮĸɸڲޱȵĿһ֪ͨδ˺һ󣬲ŷһС·Աߡ
һ·ںİɺڵһ·ߵҪлλչˡҰĲֱȡЩ㣬ǰȻˮĸɸĹؼڣұ㲻ȥˣڴλѷֱԤףλ˲¡
һ⻰Ҳ˼֪ĽãоȷʵʲôǰԼ˵ͷһСģС׼ǰȥŶ˼ǰıӰɿЦҡҡͷ㳯·ȥ
һ·һˮһӺ洫̧ͷȥֻһˮǰߵĲ·ϿֱȥһĿҲȥֻܸоɾˮ֮УƬ֮󣬱ʲôоˡ
һС׽ǳһʱЦִˮĸɸ
ˣˮĸ£ˮ죬ʮʱʲôֲɣһʣʲôѾû·ֻǰ·ֻӲͷƤȥ
һ·ȥûмһ·ڣֻһֱΪ´ƣһС׶ֻһһӡ˰ʱżǰһƬ
С̤֮Уʱһ⾰ǰһƬޱȵıѩ֮Уһ񹬵룬ûһơͽ񹬵֮УǰտյʲôûУΨһеģֻһͷ­СıڿС
һһһⶫҲӵйǡǡֻǿֻȭͷСһȴǴ˼ľƺʱҪ͵ӡ
һΧǺһȦȴǾȵĸо洫һ˿Ϥĸое뷨ˣȴƱոޡ
һܣѵ
ʱһ֮дһʱ֮䣬һڵ


 ˮĸ
һеԸԼԺܿовûһ⣬һĽ֮⣬˼һ˹
ΣһתСһ˿ͷûһ̾һû뵽˼仹Щƽϡ
СȻдм䣬νʶ㲩Ҳ֪⻰ЩԣҲԸ¼ѯһֻ𽹼һĿһ
һҲûʲô˼΢΢һЦָǵû뵽һؾȻǱСһˡ
СԸɻһ˵ͷ㽫֮еõϢ˵
ԭ»Ҫʮǰش˵𡣵ʱһλˮɵɣΪˮĸõ֮󣬱ֻͬҪԸͬɵУ߲˽̻ɵ֮̶ǧΪǿʵˮĸ
ǡɴʱشˮĸȻҲӴ˽٣˴ǳɾɵǿ˼ˮĸҲȵֻܷ磬һӴҵûڶ֮СһΰĹ֮һ
ΰɴһȺǰ̽ѰˮĸɹƴֶΣл֣ڰȫΧҪɹڵȴܡʵƾƷ㹻ֵ˲ô
ɲ飬ѩ͸һġǡ֮ˮ֮һʮǰˮĸͬһüˮĸɹ֮еĻأ֮󣬷˽ȥԪ֣ҪǿˮĸɹһϷ롣
ֻҶһȺ˸֪ͨƷһ̣һˮĸɹĹȨͶˣһöǡ
ǡˮĸɹ֮ã̳ˮĸͳʶĴڣͬһö̥һˮĸĸӡ
Ȼһõ֮ȻûȴҲԼһ˿ӡǿʶȻͽһĸһĴڡкιؼʱͻʣԪ׹ͻȻƽ̨Ի٣ɹŴ򿪽ΧЩ顣
Ȼ˵ǡڷٳɳ֮Уվδȫȫɹ֮һһԪвһʱƱ𣬽ɱﻹõЩ鷳
˺һŽ½꣬СҲЩԾǣ۲Ҳ֪Щʲô
ʱһһ֮󣬲ЩЦãԭǰһˮҲǡǡΪǰȥȻƽͻ˺档ͬʱǸоСҪвҲֶͬΣֻѯһһ
⡮ǡǣ˼봿ͬӤֻ֪һ֮ˣϡһԣûпʶԵʶȴ֮飬϶ԷųĽ֮飬ûһ㿴
һдǽһСײ֮󣬱㴫С׷˵һһᣬСױһһ˵Ȼûһ㷴Եһ˿ԹԵľʹӦ
ƺԱֻ׽һЩζȻŮѾˮĸɹıȻˣ㻹һô
ŮһȻǴǺֻδҲ˵һŮˮ飬ЦáСദˣҲ࣬⡮ŮĵشĵϲҲֻ
ԳһЦպؼңСϱٽ⡮ŮϣҲ֪ĸ׺͵ܵʲô顣
СױǴȤһ⻰˼ͷһתЩԼŪһ졣
һûע⵽£Ůܿ죬˽һšԭһʵڵġͨ¥һĴڣһ޴ޱȵķʮֿɹۡ
Ȼشٵʱˮĸ㳲һҲòˣ˵˴Ϊ˱Ǳ֮С
⸱֮У౦ǧǰһˮĸǰƣȡһϴһա
⻰һͬǧɽˮһǰһֱѾ˽ȵһ㣬ʧ޷εġ֮²Եɡ
ԭǲֻһɫǴ˵֮λˮʹֶΡ˵ǧǰϴ١ıλˣ֮ξʧȴǲö֪ˡ
һʰ飬ԱǴˣˣ˼һλǰϴһҲҲʲôˣøһȻˣнյ컯Ҳǲˡ
⻰ǵûиоʲôʧ޺˴룬ֻһǿתˣ


 
һһ㶣ʱǿϲѡҪ֪һ൱ͨ¥ĴڣЩҲ̫󡣵ˮĸռ廹壬ͶУ֮ʢԴ֮ḻԲ֮¡
ʱгɾɵˮĸ򣬿ȫʢʱڣ»ֻɼôһ֮˵ƷȲ鱦УŴУս鱦Ҫࡣ
һԼˣæʵ˵һôô޺أѵˮĸкڲɣ
˰Σ˼ͻ䣬żͷʦˮĸɵ²űȷģȻһɹֻѡһеӣȻѾ˴УӦû˰ɣ˵УҲֻǧǰǸˣֻŵӣҲǲȱȫġһǵʦԴ죬м鱦ĲƬУͻʦ׼֮Ϊ鱦ʮ鱦ĲƬÿ޲ƫڼǧǰ޲ˡжʹòˣֱӱʯͷʲôģƽ̨ϵˮˡС
һͷԸӣλˮĸһĴڣȻǴֱʣ뽫һƫ鱦
ͷһתλʦÿһλɾɵ֮ƽذһɽжȻֹΪϢãӦøǡ
һ֪һţɽ˸Ķ֪ʱȴһ⾰ˡ
ппӱǵĻЩõĶνƽ̨ϵġˮ˵üλ𵤸۲ѵġǧ顯ˡȶʯһӲͨǰһȻȴҲ֪һӱԼеʯҪٱǧ
⻹ǰϵģǺ˵ġС֣Ͳ֪жĶˡ٣ôһǧĶƸҲ˵ܹݻ䱦һ٣Բסʵʲô
һʻǰζûлشһΪ˼ʱˣҲЩżæһ䣬ȴñЩ˵ң룬Ҫ
ݹһȻ뵽⡮ŮʶŲһʱȻˮĸĴУҲЩ
ͷʱһǲҪϢǾͺúϢϢɣ
˭֪ǾȻˣæҪȡ֣
⻰һʱһ㶣¼ҹһõȢӵʱ򣬸˵ȡ֡ⲻҪҪаٰǻۣҲɵÿǡ
֣һԺ֮һһչʱ򣬸ĸΧһΪȡֵĳһ˿ĸоӿͷǵС׼ʱǿиȡֵĳȻǵ֮·Уģ࡮ĳ
һ˼һԺ֮зǹһ˿΢ЦСһۣĪųǿȥֻʱıѾȫǱˣı棬ȴˮһˮ鶯ĵš
һѿڶͽɣ
⻰֮мͬʱһӵĴʮֻĽкˣҡҾͽС
ڡĻϲһҲʮָˡվһԵСҲһǰԼʲô˼ԼʱҲΪһѩ׵ƤëȡССסʱȻ˵ͷʮִֵġЩȻϰôһԭģʱȻҲ
˵ò࣬һȴҲѯһһ֮лЩʱһռһΪģ˷ɢȥһĸоƺѾȫһ
һΪ˵ĻͷæѯʡܿõһϲǲΰĽԭ̳ˮĸĵͳһ֮Ϊ˱Զ˵ˮĸõķʩˮĸһռֱӽ֮С
ȽĽ;һһֿͬռһĵطȥˡͬǣռ㹻ȴܳ־áֱܹ壬ƿ˵ʱ򣬱Զ
һϲǲΰ룬ϲǣһŮбԼУֻҪռ䣬֪ûˣǵȴǲ֪ʲôʱܹ壬ʱиǧ꣬ٳʱƻ˶ˡ
ѯһ֮ʮŵ˵ֻҪܹ壬һŷ˼ѯʹˮĸĲ㿪ʼһεջ


һ ӹһ
һڣһܿͽһˮĸһʱһֿЦõĸо
ԭһս֮⣬õ֮á䱾⣬Īڱ⡣˵ŵĴ٣еķḻܹĿࡣϧǣԪӤˮĽȵǣⱻһա
˱⣬зѰ⣬ĵƷķֳ黨ݵİٲõȵطҲ˲ٺöͬˮߣ黨ĲƤֱӽȥɼλ˿֡
ʢʱľ󣬴ʱˮĸͬȳݲһָ֮£ҲֻӳƷҵķ
ЩڳУµһҪЦˡڼʶľأڱ⣬ϺüƷϣкüƷһƷ˵Ҳֻοˡ
˵ʲôֵҵģһˮĸԼ⼸ǧԶ֮תĶҲ˵ġʯͷһࡣ
ָ֮£һҵЩת֮һתǧ顯ĳ⣻һתʯľתһЩֻɵĲϣоȵȣһ㡣
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ˮĸɫ徲㻯˲¶ޣǣ£׳ˮĸһȱ㣬ǲ뿪ɫȪصˮǰΪûֶν֮Ǩ߲
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ֽ֮նɱնɱԪõĶһ¡ֳԪ֮ʮʯΪɹ⣬Ķֻ㿴˿õĶĶӵӿռĽȥˡ
һٺãŻʱҪһ֮УһȻ׼˷ѹˮĸ֮УѡΪֲӰеľ
һš࡯ʣķǻۡ棬Ǹʹõľ֮Уˮĥƽֹ
֮⣬ˮĸǳɾ˵ˮĸԴ죬ֱ֮ʣ¹ȥۼĥлˮĸע֮ת
ȻЩֶκ̫֮߼޷Ҳ޷ɣȻ£һͷܹȾ޳壬˵һСףͬ˻һ㣬ٵš
һżˬС磬һƬַ졣Ϊ֮ɽ˷򸾱ڱչ֮СȴǺȻ˵ǵıӵıˡ
ϢʱɽˣͥԼ˫޵£ӣȻŭΪԼ֣һӱ㽫ŵĵӶ˺˼ꡣ֮Σᡣ޶˲֤֮󣬶ʱһʱ֮䣬
ȣǷ޲׽ӰΪ֣ȥһԷ޵ԪӤˣȻ½ʦţֶθ֣֮±Ұ·ӵԪӤڶܹѹơ
ȻҲϾʹ˰򣬵뵽һްԣҲɱˡֻϼ֮䷢ģұʾԸæ̽ŵö˷֡
Դ֮СǱȣϳֲ̽˵ЧʹȻѵáڰ֮鵽ɵ
ɵֻһȺӣûаɵӰڵֻ֪ȥ֮ûľʲô֪ˡڶൺһҹ֮価ʧ֮Ҳûа
߽ͬͥ򸾣ʱŭѣҪɵȵ֮йߡڶ෽Ȱ˵֮£ǲͣȴʱ̼壬ɳռһƬԭĵӲһؽ绮ɽĵ̡
һ㣬ȴǱضҪ޼աΪһҲ֪£ˮĸһ˺ѿռ䣬ѾȥңԶһƬ򡣴ޱ޼ʣ֮ҲοѰߣҪֶѰҵһˣǲϵĴˡ


Ķ ᵤ֮
£һפˮĸѾҴعȥһ֮Уޱֱӹëף߶˸ʯĶƷʯкЩƷʯоųɢ֮С
꣬꣬꣬ͬħŸֵǿܹעʮɽͨһȭȥǽڵħҲһס
һɣÿһɵͬߵİٱֹɽһ֮ЩרŴĥ𵤲ı̬Ҫ̬˵ǽ𵤸ֶܹ
̨ҲΪһá࡯һ߽徲ʳԣͨŹġ򡯺ڵľҲԲ
ʱһ𣬱ϵͻȻȴͣͬʱһĸо
һ̣оٲܼ۽١࡯͡徲ֻ˷ѡ֪ǱĸоһԼڴﵽԲ
һ˫͸⣬ƺʵһֻҪ̽־ܹץסͷһת֪ʱͻƽ𵤵ĻˣС԰ż֮ǹһ˿΢Ц𵤣ˣ
֮ϣһ׼õĵҩһ̷ͷһɿתѰͻƽ𵤵ķţϵѹᣬʵ̣ԣΪԪɽ𵤡
һڲĦײģӯʼᣬʵСֱһζĸо
ȻӴĻ۲˵ģǶһ㣬ศᵤĵҩҲûѷĿܣһнеĶʮ˳һоԵԣʱҪΪԪ
һŽɫĻ𻨴̻֮еȼνĽ֮𡣶һ̣֮УҲһ˿ɫȴǵ֮˵ȻǽڡǰյϽ⣬Ҫɽ𵤣Ҫὣɷӣ˫ͬΪ֮ˡ
ʱǽ֮һɫﾹȻ͵̻ĵȥһȻʱḶ́鲻ƣֻײһ
䣡
֮һը죬֮ͽɷͬʱһֱʵ˵ֱӺϣһá࡯Լøһ㣬¾һ¾Ҫﱬ飬ˡ
⵽ô£˵ɷȻԵҲ£ΪѰ𵤣ԼΪʲôҵĽɷйԣ⵽ô£
һ벻ͨ͸ۼҪµĽ֮ͽɷΣȻ㣬ԼܹܼΣվǰ취ʱ˼һһ뷨Ȼ
ӯĵ֮УһһľһɾʼСȴѸٵıǿȻתһ㣬ֱӾߡ
תתԪ𵤣ὣɷᣡ
ԭǣ𵱳þתὣʱҽֱתתҪ𵤺ͽɷӣȹ˽١
Ȼھתѹ֮£ӿһٶᣬʵ뿪ʼɾ壬ͬʱͽɷҲ
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һһܿ죬ͽɷɷε͵һءһҪѾתһæתӵڶתӵת
㣬ᣬͽɷεĲһ㲻ϵӾתת١꾭˶ʮתĶ»ûܽᵤѾȱתˡ
ˣҲܿ챻Ƶʮתϣʱ̫Ũ񣬻ת˳ɡ
һ֪ͷǴʱתƲסײ͵ö֮ײը֮˵ĵﲻӡתͶ̥ܡ
һͳԹתıʹ࣬ΪҲῼǳߵת٣תǿҪǱɣԼҲ֪ôѡ
ݽҧ͵۲Ѫ˿һŭƴˣתʮת


 𵤴
ʱһһĹȥΪ˱໥ײһת߶ԽԽ죬ԽԽ͡ӵʮתʼһ߶Ŷʮתʱĵ֮УѾ״ȻһֻȻһĸо
ÿһתһݣķѵľܵʹ඼ǳʮһʣʣΪҲǵʮϣת
оתѾʱļڣһ㣬ܹ𵤣ҲҪекõǣתϹ湦ȻǲƪҲĪ
丨֮£Ѿʮʮᣬ̻УֻգΪԪԼԼһöӰȻҲҪὣɷˡ
áۡһ죬һƬʼʵͬʱӰҲʼеĿ
һʱҪ飬ֻάžתϵṩһ˿˿ڵѱ
ʱһţֹգһоԪͽɷ֮һűܹʱԴͷͬʱųͬĹ⻪һһס
̫ƪһԺ֮һƺھ֮ʵʣһ˿һӡֱӴܳԺͬʱһͷ֮УҲ׷ӿ֣ͬӡɳǡ̫ƪֱעâ֮Уע봿׹âС
һ̣һоԼ϶Щʲôƺһ㶫ԼһҪͷһת֪ǾǽδɵĽ𵤣ͬʱΪʲôǰ˵޵Ķ֮ǰֻǿһķˣֻгɾͽ𵤣̤·
ǡҪɾͽô
һͷ΢ϲʱһֵĸоӿͷƺһ̣ϵ£ûһطܹݵգۼ䣬һزݵĸоʱɢͷδһ飬ΪԼĴ
⵽ô£
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ܿ죬͵ӽϷһವһߣǷͬһղصལ㲻ߡ⧲£Ķֱһ֮бʧˡ
һʱһ˵ŵرģûֱӡ̳ԡġ
ҲԼʧ˶ٶæͷͶ뵤֮УȴҲҲһ㶫Ӱӡֻһöͷ­Сĵڵ֮С
öΪɫһ𣬱渡ַָ֣ÿһһֶΣǿ确̤ѩ޺֮ۡƻľ׷ӡȵȣһЩľизѪ档
ЩСɹ׭С顯мħѪơϵǡ̫ƪҲֻ֣ȴҲв֮ζС
һɷɫûֺͷеֻһЩ֮УϸϸСÿһСһнʽСصʮ󽣷Щ󽣷Ľ
ʮ󽣷֮УһϵõľԼġ⽣Լ˵ġԪֹ⽣ɱ¾ȵʶʮ֣Ȼǲ֪ʲôʱʲôֶεġ
һڴ󽣷֮УǿʵȻǡ⽣һԾǣڡ⽣Աϣˡɱ¾⣬мĽԼ֣ȻǶʵǿ󣬵Ǳ˵䱾ʣȴڡ⽣ڡɱ¾֮ϡ
𵤲Ӳһ𣬶ǻҧϣ棬̫ͬͬϱûһ˿ĺۼǻȻɣԼ֮䣬͸һĸо
ҵĽôͳɾͽô
һʱڵǰĥҹû뵽ؼʱ̣һֵĸоԼͬǿһԼٶǰľôһöƽ𵤵Ľ𵤣Ȼˡ
һһЩţæʵһһͷתʶ̽ԼڲϸȥֲÿһÿһԴӱë׸Сĵطɵһϸ
ⲿ̽ȥ˺֣ͷһɨÿһʯÿһҺÿһ΢ѲˡߣȻܹ͸ԼõĽֹ濴ʶ鶯ǿ֮ǰʮ˵ʱӦûʶˡ
һͷֱӽɫͰɫϳһ˿ȺעСɫԪѱ֮ǰ̻ǿʮǰɫԪ˵ɷ֮㲻ʹκνɽļ͡
ᵤɹˣ
ֱһ̣һȷԼȷʵ߳һ˽𵤣Ϊ˵ڶ󾳽ʿ̤ľ硣
ͬʱнڽᵤҪԵۣʱİҴӣɵ꣬һ븹Ҳ죡
һ˷ܹȥһҲҲ׼ʹ˳أϾµõȻǿȴҲ˫нǲܹȫգǻ˺Լ׼ЩʱúϤһµľµͬʱҲҪһ£һνᵤԼ׶ʧЩʲô
չһʱ䣬ǼԼ״ֽᵤĹУ廹걾Դõ˼ȻĻһöΪ𵤡ֽ𵤡
Ҫ֪ս˵Ѱ£ǽɷԪ֮ͬˣ佣ɷγһöɷӣԪֱӳΪ𵤣ɷͽ໥֮䲢ûκϵֻǷֱΪ޵Դ͸֮ǰûнᵤһһֻǸ߼һˡ
Ȼһö𵤽ɣȴַʽͬһö𵤼˵ǽ𵤣Ҳ˵ǽɷӡһֵķʽΪһ壬֮໥Ϊ֧ţ໥ԴȪȴμʧһԼԡ𵤵һܹ߶ַɷһٴĽɷ
һһɱǿ֮Դ໥תĵӿɲһһڶô򵥣ǲ˫ÿһֶʩչ㡣ᵤ֮ǰͬٱᵤ֮Ȼʵߣ٣ܹʹõҲﵽͬ𵤳ڸֵĽٱ
Ԫ˵ǿֲ˵ᵤ֮ǰܹŵ𵤸֣ǽᵤ֮Ԫ֮㣬Ϣ֮ƳһЩԪӤ֡
ȻԪʱǵԪӤ֣ܹԵֵջֻ·ģϾܹԪӤģ֮ḻֶ֮ǿ󣬾ܹ⡣ˣҲ԰ˡ


 
֮⣬ᵤһʵһȻŹ򾳽磬̶һʱ䣬Ľֶεȵȷϣߣõ˲СĽ˵һνᵤʮʮ
ǲǾֻһһʱԼеĽˡǽ̥ʹȡĺɫ̽⣬Ǵڴ֮еĵӷڽӿռеƷͬķصڵ׽ڽᵤһ˲䣬ɷӸˡ
ǡǽ̥ǵӹһ٣뽣ɷһϵһŵޱȣϬޱȵĽƣԼ֮һҪ뷨С
һԼµһЩӦǡ롮ɷ֮໥˱仯ŵȽĽǽ̥ͽɷӺϻ֮£һɾ˱
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ǵģֻǱ׽˱ֵ⣬״ԼԬɵϵʧˣҲЩꡣ
ԪһɵǿƣһҲˣǵԪ֮ʱõһơЩһֱڽӿռ֮У㶼Ĵڡһٺãأûôվ˷ѣ֮أҲûоϧġ
һνᵤջԼʧȴҲǲ٣Լལ棬Щӵȷ֮µĶ㣬ľ֮ȡһЩƷ׽ֵʮʯ
˵֮ʱյʯѰ˽𵤣һʯ㹻ˣһݳ޵վ֮еĸϵʯģЩǻƷʯҲнƷʯԼãٱԪ˽ٱʯҲǹƽˡ
ѰԪӤҲҪЩ׽⣬һǿһСľҲΪ⣬ϾˣȥҲġ
ȻΪ׽Щ㯣һҲǶƸеˣһ¾˾Ĵţ̧ű㳯룬ıѩȥ
ѩ֮УһСһҪ֪λƽԼʰһƫԼʹáѰʱ򣬼¶档ȻػʲôҲɲһˡ
һʲôȴСһƣڳؿܻܲڴһˣ
һһ㶣û뵽ԼŮȻȺ硣ŮȻ꣬Ϳʼˡһγɹ͵ʿ𵤣ڵһ㡣;ۣȵԼˡ
ҲʣΪףԼŮȻֻ꣬ʵȴǻۣǡǡͷͿԿˡ֪ԼŮˮĸУ˼ʺţպٶ֮죬ɾ֮ߣǲġ
ʯͷӵĸȻ磬պ󵽵жɾͣһ˳޳ɵǰ·زۣǾͲ˵ˡ
С׿ġżһ˿Уһ΢΢һЦҲ˵ʲôһ
ʱţת۱չȥһЦһѹѩ룬ǡǡȻǵһ˴Сܿ죬ۿɼģһ˿˿ϸ΢ѷڱǱ棬Сѷɴѷ죬ѷֱӵ
ܿ죬OO@@ĴСʮһ˴СıǾͻ߰СӴСֻǰͬǣŻһǻһˮ

һͬϪˮȪһ촫һˮܿʵȻԳһСŮֻǱ滹ˮɵģѪ
ۼţһһšˮ˶һֻһϤһҲƵĴӰ֮׳ֱһ
һľʲôܹȻ֪ɹʱֻ÷ǵĿʶЩģֱ˵ϣܷ֡
ͷŷԼбŵһˮɫȹѵСѾͷѾͷʮֿɰһͷ˿˫٣ѩݽһӣ֮˵þǵ˶
СѾͷͷһУ˼䣬̧ͷǻϲĿһ˵һıŮ


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ȻŮദʱ䣬⻹ǻ֮ĵһ档СѾͷһһһⴿˮŮҲΪϲҲ
СѾͷջΣܹԣٿ뷨ʱСԷ˵˺ðΡһҲķֻЦˡһʱ䣬緲˸Ů֮ĸо
һһ󽿣ҲСסʱ䣬Щ⣬ǶҲ˶壬Ҫ꣬ǣҲСĴ󣬵ȴС㣬СҲӦˣŮ˵ǰһ˵
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ԣͷ룬ȻǿԵġ
һͷ΢ϲãֻʱպԪӤȡˡ
⻰¶飬Ϊʲôڴأ
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ع˿Լ뵽ѾͷƫˣԶԶȲõˮĸ¾㹻ѹѰԪӤˡֻΨһȱݵľԪӤ˲ңҪѡϺõʱ䣬ϺõĻᣬ෬ƲпһԷ
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һԼ鷳ҲỨ˼ȥ̽ѰԵɡȻ֪ЩΪԼΪˮĸһðաˮϵûзԼæС׺һγñûˣŸˮ
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ֻһ֪ԼͲڶĽ˶֪ƾɶݵֶΣ˵Ҫɸһزܴﵽ½ȥ
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˷ûжãһХǰźҲ˷Хˮһ죬һͷɵĴ跭ˮ棬һ˵׶ͷȻһͷųϢļᵤޡ
һɬЦϹֵǣϰ׷򿩣


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ǻ䣬˷ʿΧչ¶ϢŸ˾Ȼǽ𵤼
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һҲò²ȥʵʸλʲô˼Ϊȥ·
⻰һȺ˶ʱЦøˣһָһڿʲôЦ飬Ц
ֵǣС˰ɣȻʲô˼
㿴Сӵұ˵ʲôӵܣһͻȻֵܣɵ˲ǡ
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٣װɵɵֻҪкöǣǲϣֱɱܵĵط˭Ҳ֪˭ɵġ
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⻰һ˵ͷȻʲôⰮãҲòӵӡ
һһʱԼ²ûдһȺǺºӸ߼ƺ滹һ򡣴ڳһȺ˶ǽǶʮа˾žһԪӤˡ
ѰʱһʲôԪӤˣ⻰̸С׺ûŭԼ֪ƽԼһ̣С׺ȴһҲ̲ס
һۿǰһȺͷһƬĮһͷ޿̣̣Ҫڣҽ𵤴ɣţûڣ޵ʲôɣ˵ʲô𵤻ԪӤߣɱ⣡
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ٺ٣СӾȻҪֵ֣ǣǾͲҪˣеɱˣŮȥ
ںͬߺͬѪҲһͬһ˳˹д󲿷ֶǳһԸС׺ֻˣҶǽ𵤳ڡ˶Ů
һһûɱˣȱԽǽ̥ҲѪˣýҪһȡ֮Խһ©Ǿ͹ֲˣ
˵ţһһſڣǽ̥˳Դ֮ǽ̥뽣ɷϵر飬㲻ȡ⡮ǽ̥ҲҪɱˣʮϵķųŵͬ
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⻰ҲɣΪ׵һ󺰵Ƿӣڤ˱ɹҲҪëҲһŽ𵤣ɱȡ꣬ô԰
һֳֳ˫һУǹһ˿ЦõúܣҪɱȡ𵤣һö𵤿ɲ򵥣ûȡ
ںһ˵ʲô׷֣ƺֺˣ˽𵤱һ񣬳֮侹Ȼһ
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һĻںԾۣһ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫͬɱ𵤸֣ʱġǽ̥ͨɷ֮Ӷ˶Էһƶ˵֮ǰʮ
ų֮ϹŵǸոȥȴѾ˿տǵʬ壬һ־ϲôмħֶΣԣⲻħֶΣɱ¾֮ɱԽԽǿɷϹŴҲ˵ħֶΣ֮ΪǱڵҲһЩħֶΣֻҪΪҲ㲻ʲô
һȺû뵽һһҲкܴ죬ֻǼԾַŭͷ֮˴һֵǣҽɱͷȥŭҶù


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һȺȻֵܣȴûʲô飬ˣҲֻǽԼܲͷĳͷһǶʱһ˺Ѫ迴סС׺⣬˷׷ӿһ
һ״һЦûܽᵤ֮ǰȫֶܹ𵤸֣𵤴ɣɷᣬʵһ棬Ǵɱķʱôǡ
ǲһɱ󡯵ɱȻһٴλʧںС
˵һεĽѵҲ˼ԣæųʶصĸ˷Բءһӱ㷢һڡһٶѾñ̬ݣܹҲ׷ȥ
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ȻͨʶһڣӰûܿÿÿһһ̶ʮˣԼͷѪ趼ľսһľԼ
ڣءС׵̲סǡȻָС׶ˣҪЮһⱯߵĺõԼءĸͲʲôСãɽͻ֮еߡ
С׽һڸϢֶνڵֶҲ⿪ʱǽ˫պǿͬʱųһǿķǳֽĺûлعֱӱɱ飬ɱмֱɢ֮䡣
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һҲѯһʲôڤϢ֪ڤֻһŽڤĴںͷ΢΢һȻСֵ¿ԪӤһսǿزĵطսʤҲ˵һս֮⣬Ȼǲǵ顣
뿪Ƭ֮һ⼸Ԫߣ׻˵ĺá粻ֹҪʹȥȴǲӦ
һҹǰķ򼲳۶ٶ֮죬һϢ֮ǿʾԷԪӤ˵
ʱȴˣһɫһС׺Ȼȴ׼
ǵҹԶԶ㴫ǸɬĽѽѽˣɱ£ǽ춼Ҫ
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⻰ֵһһָʮһӱ㽫˰һ󻩻ͻƮɡ
ڤԶԶԼµԼ汻ɱԼȶ۴Уŭžͷųŵڹ⳯һ
һ֪һսٲܱ⣬˼ʱһĵһɽɷ֮ǽ̥֮Уųһ磬ŸӰ˾Ÿλڹȥ
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ڤǳԾһܹĹһһ㶣һ˫۾ֱֱһŮʱСûݣŮ·һ㡣ڤУƺصСѾͷ
Էڵһ˿а֮⣬һǿѹסŭһλǰǵõˣιҵС鷳


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νͶ࣬⻰һ֪ûбһսĿܣɫʱͬʱ֮еĽתҾǰȻΪϲǾ͹ֲðˣСһְͬɣ
һ䣬һ磬ðź⣬ֱڤŶȥڤ治мһݵ˫˲仯צͳһץһ֮յһȻڤ򵥵ץס
ץסһ˲䣬ڤûϲɫŭһ
ȻǵӦڻΪһŰɫ棬һɫһɢСƮڤǰԲ֮ڣ¶ȶȻͣڤһ˫צҲһм
ڤͬץסƹ֮һ㣬æ˦ַſſĻ棬е㾹Ȼܹ޳𣡡
Сһοʹ˷֣󶯷ʱһö͸飬Ȼٴըʩչǧ˿ֶΣɫ͸˿ڤƹȥ
ڤοݵֶβԼһæˣʱһɷޱȵϢͻƴоϴ硣
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ʲôڤҲǼ棬뽣޴ȴûмϬĽʱһ
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ڤʣͷ⣬ȴԸѴ࣬һȵɱ˵Ľͬʱ޻صĴȥ
ڤҲԪӤˣȻⱻƣȴҲô򵥶ԸģһȻݣȴֵĻᡣѽѽһһ˫ɿݵצ͵һ飬ʱһŰѪħһǰһ̣ͽԼ
ȥꡯһһֻԼʲôȴ˲ɢȥһѪܵľͷڽϣϹһ·ڤһۡ
СҲֶͣΣ֮ȻͬڵڶԪ񡢷һҲǱֶΡ
һ˵ͷһ𳤽Ӱ׷׷ɳһը죬ǽľͷը飬һɹѪɫڵϢһ־ͱǽ̥ȥȻǰնɱ𵤸ֵܺͻҪǿһһǽ̥ƹâŵк϶Ϊһļ
⡮ǽ̥ϹŽƣϡΪʱƾƷ´ࡣʶȻδɷһʹҲñѰ˶٣һΪܹԽƷơ
ȻˣһһĺûᣬڤȻһǣ֮һڲ࣬վһΣ
ȻС׸ʹһɫתͷȥһӰڲһĵطʵڤ˭ˡʱڤ汻һһصۣǻһѪ˿ȻûȫܹǰɱһЩˡ
ڤðĻ⣬ҧгݵĴеСӣȻңʧһͷܣһʯİһҪɱ㰡
һ˿вһЦɱ˺ɱ֮Ҫɱң͹ֲɱˡִԲ˵һʧľͲʲôܣˣ
ڤһαСʿҪЮʱŭգ۴еСӣˣɱɱɱкžҪʩչħ˹
ʱڤڤ֮ϣһӳͷһеڳס÷ӿתۼǰĵһƬգʱڵͬף׹֮һ㡣


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һͷһʱоս֮ʱһزݵϢֻβһԽԽŨԽԽǿҡ
ڤ治ĺħͷһܻĴеģ˭˭ɽٲطȻɽ٣ѵҪҲҪ治𣡡
ɽ٣һɵˣͷ׵磬ѹȵϢоʮʮ˴˵֮еĶɽ٣ҽѵĶƺԼ
нѰ£˶ɽڵʿ⣬ֻ޻һλ֮٣ޱɱ¾ħڿԽ󾳽ʱ췣֮٣ԼȲޣҲħˣҪ˵ɱ¾٣Ҳ㲻ɱ¾죬ξһ
һ벻ͨæѯСסСԺܿһֿܣǱн֮УһЩ⵽ĹڽʱҲ׽١͹ʮ궼ѵóһΣѰ˸֪ôһ¡
Ϊڲһ룬ǵᵤ֮ʱý٣Ϊˮĸˮĸ֣Ŷһ١˸һֱϢŶٵ̽Ѱڤħͷȫٴ١
뵽һͷϲǲΰ룬ϲԼ·Ȼܹǵ켵ʣպȻдɾͣһµ׼ѾµɽٳɹʱȸսᵤҪǿ˲١
ǵȴν٣ν֮£һź֮Ǳɱ֮£ͿСѪ껯Ҳ侳磬֪ٵ
һص㣬콵ѣֻԶȣ˭ҲﲻáðհæΪɽٵ˴ʺޣһͬ½ʶڤΪҪܻĴ
һҲڤδУ˼ֿܿٵֶζһ飬ʼ׼ӭ֮
ڤһվûзˣýƾͷͷǰٰ㲻ţҲֻܵóһǱٱǶԼһǵС
СѵǴ˵еĶɽٸ֣ͷһڤ漴𣬱Ͼɽٸ˼Ǻ޼ɵĴڣһɱԼλüԼ
ǰһ˶ܾǹаţѵʲôɱ¾ħŸֲɡڤ뵽ܣַܿˡܹƵϡɱ¾졯ħŸ֣Ȳ֣Ҳڷڣɱˡ
ǣСֻˣڤĲ²ȷ٣׽ע⣬ԪҶදһݣǲҽʶ̽Ȼû취֤²ֻжϳС׺ԸȷԼ²⡣
Σڤ涼Ըһ׽٣æ󷽵ӵСӣȻɻٵͷǸ֪ôˣ󷢴ȱͷһҹɣҪٿ㡣
һȻ֪ٵԣѯʹСףҵٵķڤ⻰ʱ׶Է˼˫һУ¶һ˿Цּ̧佫С׺ӿռ֮Уתͳڤ˹ȥ
ڤ״඼æСӣҪʲô
һЦٶȲವһӵڤǰһӣ֮ͳڤ˹ȥ
ڤѾƴԼϢˣʱַûУǱһնУûٺֱӾͱһɱˡ
ѽѽ̫ϷҲҪɱ㰡
ڤһһ˫ڤħצ̽ͳһץȥ˭֪һȻܣħצһץֱӾɢ
ڤʱԼ˵Ϊʶ̽Ȼ򵥵۷ƭˡ
ֻҲûа취Ϊһ֣ϽƶʱסҪһɽٵٵ
ʱһԳһлǰְɽ٣м
ڤ汻Σ̣ʬſ˵ʲôȴǱһ˻˫ͨĵһһۣٲ˵ʲôȻԪ׼ħɽٵ׼
һĿѾﵽҲٶŪħͷҲ׼
һʱ֮սѾסֻżһ׹ɲǵĹһ̣һڤͬʱ̧ͷȥͨ׹ֱ˶
ͬʱһͷٿʼˣ


 ׽ٶ
׹һʱΨľ֮УһʵʵĽȥ׹ײһ𣬶ʱɢһɢʮΣ׹ֻʣָͷСʱͣ˫־ٽӲĽһϸ΢׹
׹ʱë룬ÿһ⣬Ŵ뾭֮Уٻһɣ﷽ӿȥеһ仯һǵû˿谭ɵ۳Ҷȥ뵤֮ûüң㱻ϷֱֳӴɢ飬ɣֱ֮ϡ
һ棬ӡ׵֮йصķ׷׹⻪ʢøʵǿ˼֣ɷϣ⽣ĽҲǶȻһЩСı仯ŽҲµζ
һܵʹҲо֮еı仯ͷȴǰϲ˵Ϲʿ׶ֶΣҵ࡯̲ﵽһޣҪһޡһױҴɢ˾ųɾŵһ壬ȻʹȴȲþתЧȴԡҸо޶һ˿Ȼ࣬Լ֪ҪѶʱ䡣׵֮Ľף־־ԼʮֲͬȻϡܹӡܹ⽣ֺôһٶã˵һٷǵҵýѣһλᣬһʵĴûᡣ
һսһס꣬ϼµڶһһ룬׻ֱ۴ϸûڡһԵûеһǰɣ˵Ҳ㲻Ǽޣ׵֮ͬʱֻ˵ʹš
㣬ǰ׶ҲҵԼļڡڴżе飬ȴĵ׵ʱ϶Ȼһǰǿʮ׹
ǰ׹ȻͣҲֻǶѰ𵤸˵˵һսɽ𵤣ûʱҲЩΣաڹ̻ƿȴҲ㲻ʲôвŸ֮ɫĽ´һ⡣
ʮףһĸоЩͬˣ֮¡֮ǿԱȵȫһˮ׼ܹвĴڡ
ۼ׹ȴɿȻֱһ룬ſʼٽֶʹһٵҡϣҲ׹Ӳֻһӱߣÿÿһ߼
Ȼ׹ʮۻޱȣúҲܲס࣬οһȫ֣һ׹⣬ɷԶʤ׹䵽һͷϵʱѾ֮ʣ°ٷ֮ǰһ㣬ֱӱһڣ¡
ʱԱͬڶɽٵڤ淢һҽԭһʮһһ׹ֱֱĳͷȥħĺΪҲȻţħų˺üʮħ֮׹ɢħҲΪǣƲҽ˳
ħǱģһûһ˼ͷϲһ
׽ÿһΣĵͬȻķһһȴҲ˲ٺô֮󣬵ߵȴǾþûǷݵĽףԽԽŨƣȴֳ׶Ȼڲͬ
һ׼ͬʱ˿һ촭ŴЩڤħ͸һ˿׺ݵĹâһȻܽףһݣ˳ħͷɱ˹ȥ
ħϵõһȻ֮¶֣ŵףķԶԶһҪȴһֵþħԪʮħһɱ
һ˷һٽ⣬ǧӰͬʱֳգۼͽħֶν顣
ڤԼ٣ģˣ۵ͬһȴǲֻͬͬСʮ׽٣ڵͬʱ壬ʱĶȣһ;ƿݣһȴͣȻĳ˷ѹƵ
ڤԾͬʱȴڷ󺰵Сӣ㵽ҪôѵҪһô
һһЦֻһˣ˵ţٽȻһħ롣ħŭֻܴ鼸⣬ȴҲȥ
һ֮ϣ˿ǷϢĽף֪ߵҪҪһʱ䡣ͷħ¶һ˿ЦһĨһֵĽСȴǵǱʦģû뵽ԸԪ֮󣬻һ˿


һ ɱħ
һֱ̧㽫һ롮ǽ̥֮УдķͽͬʱŷʱûӰƺպաǰʱѾ𵤣ὣɷٴƿ⽣ȴŲͬøܡ
˵ǰܹʮǡ⽣Ǵ˿̣ܹãܹһ̶ƿءȻ֮вдһе㲻ȴţɷ뽣֮ϣǰһ
һǱĺȫ֣һЩҲޡ˵һһɱﵡ
ȻʱٵͷһĿ꾹Ȼǵֿ٣ǶԸڤ棬Ȼˣĺݼ˴ˣԸ⸶ɥٵĴ۶ҪɱԷͷиơ
סڤһһʱǲҲֱתΪءԼĺڣۺıǮҲһܻɱ֪׽һȻΧܵһһͷһ£о뷽Խһв
ڤʱסˣæеģˣѵɣһʲôôСӻˣһûлأ
һֽħ⻰һЦϢ׼һ
ڤ۽Ȱ˵һվɫҲĵġΪĺħͷԪƳοϾ߾ҪҪħצɱ
ɱһһѪܵצӴͷ˳һצӥצȴƬѪ죬뺮ԵצмֻǳѪϢ⣬ӺѪ壬岻һ㣬ӲȴҲƺպա
ƿȻһצƵħŷƷͣƷԲƷˮ׼ֻϢӶȴǻûȫˣҲħǰųֵ׵Ҫǿ˲֪ж١
һħצһɳѪɫĹ⣬צȻץ˶ʮ⣬ͷֱӳһ
ʱһȫĶһϣҲֳܷԸ⵽ħצȴ˿壬ָöǶһĵ
ڤоЩûһԪϢΪʲôͽ׵ʹħצ㽫֮צУ͵һ󣬾Ҫɷ顣
˲䣬һ¶һ˿üƵЦڵ
ڤ֣ʱʲôɫȻһףҪһǶӷſȴˡһըǶ֮зųÿһöǶӱը㲻ʲôʮٵϳһţ֮󣬶Ȼ¼ᵤͬʱԱ
ЩǶӲǱģһööӡͨħ֮սᣬռħŵѪҲһ٣䣬ƶɵġӡ˵ΪΪƣֻƵͬԱӣÿһ涼עеĽϬޱȣרƷ֮
ȻӾըը֮ȻĻһģһħצƳɹһ»£ʱħצǴ󣬵ȴպñƣһУȻƻ󷨽ƣҲáһʱ֮䣬ħצȻܿˡ
ò״ôһᣬһȻݷŹٺЦһһ϶£籼һ㳯ڤ˹ȥ
ڤ˷н赲Ǳһ֪һվǶ㲻ġһ̣ڤ¶ĺħ׺᱾ѽѽһдʣӡɣһǧʽħצһɵ
ùǺ˻дɢҵȻ˲һɵģԴڤתϢצӡӭһһ
һʱĽһΨҲһצӡжôͣһͷ㳯צӡ˹ȥ
ڤȻĲСҲĺ˸֣ƴʩչצӡȻ⵲סһһȴô򵥣תۼһְٽٽ򽣣ǵصĽ⽣Ӱһֱѹ
áצӡϴһ̣ݿһ㣬ֱӽצӡ顣ٴλعһ׹ֱ֮ӳڤͷȥ
ڤһצӡѾ;ƿˣʩչʲôƴֶȴҲֻļһԼţһľһɹȥ
Ҫӳʱȴһⲻ˵ֱӽʲôطһִһĶǰһΣһڶʣƺĶڴߴٲ֪ͬġ


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һֶξʱڽһͷħնɱǽ̥ĺħĽöܳһ⻪˸ס
ȻһԽĽХӡǽ̥ϴһ𲻶Ĺ⻪ΪһԵĽҫҫ۹âڡǽ̥֮ϣһеĽͽơ
һ̣ǽ̥ں̥ǣٷḁ̇̄ʽΪɽǽ
Լɽѱ䣬һֵ֮ǽɷҲǻӦţһһнɷ֮ʵʵɽɷΪһɴ׳ɷԭѰԪʵʮʵ˶ʮȻֻ𵤳ˮ׼ȴԪӤԪʵ̶ȶ˶Զ
һͷһϲɷ֮֮ȻƺһߣһõôϹŽ޵ġ˽˫ޡôãܺãϹŽϬ˫Ȼ࣬ȴҲʵʵϴû뵽֮£Ȼ߶һ
ǽΪܷӵӣͬʱˡ˽˫ޡİһǿηĸоӿһͷȻ֪֮η壬ţǴʱԵ;ƿݵڤ棬ûн֣ҲӲԷնɱ
նɱڤ浽ǽɷҲʮ֮顣ǽҲӦ·Ӧ֮˾ȻȻԵɣǿĲƥеƾȻ˼֡ͬʱǱҪõĽףƺһӾʹﵽͣܿ
ߵױǰǿ࣬ȴûʮʮǿһֻǿ屶ҡɴ׳ͬˮţһ׹⣬һ¶һ˿ǳЦƳһֿܡ
콵ѣ־ڣ˶ɽΥ֮⣬½Ȼءڤ汻һնɱٿȴôģֻǰɽٵȻָԭˮƽ
ʮĽʮǿһӲһնɱڤħצֱӳ״ȥ
аһħצȻ׺ݣȴҲǱƵأһʱը鿪ΪըħצҲķһ
һ״ӭͷϣֳǽû⽣Ӱٴ̰һܿ죬һѰԪӤȫһĽ׾ͱɢĴɢյգҲ
ڰ˵ھŵףһɺϧĽڤϣ׵ʮƷķըƬȴǰһֵ˲ȻһʱЩЩ㹻ƾԼҲӲ
ŵ׹ȥϽƽɢȥָܿƮɢķﻹҵóһٵĺۼ
Ҫ˵˵ٶǼҪǮҪһ٣֮ݹɱ֣ɾͷɽȻԪͽɷĲ٣ҩǶһ̳ԣܿ
ЩϢ˴Ǻǻ֮أӣսҷ׷סһ䲻£ȴҲ֪ŵٶȻ˲˵ע⣬Ǽ˵ڤ桯һûٿˡ
Ϣɸѡ֮ҲгС׺̤ѩ޺ۡطϢɽһ̷ˡ
Ȼǰ뿪űкЩݹʮַųϢԪӤһЩ˳ͬƷų˾֡мϢǿŮȻеĿΣŮޣһƬδѣǶǣһһβȻ廯ζɡ
Щʶһյһͷͷ˫ǵŮ˵һϢԭһͷѪ贫Ϣ˵ڤһжŮں飬ƺڤ汻еĴˣѪٲͣͲ֪ˡ
˵ڤ汻ˣɻͬʱҪһʡڤѾһ꣬һǽ궼뱴Ҷ֮жȻˣﻹܻó
һڣֶԹվϵڤ֮һԪӤֶ뵽ǰƱȴʲôҲû֣ԼŵٽͷԼô𰸡໥˿֪Ҳǰ׷ʱ䣬һȺݹԼ¾ˡ
ڸֺߺЩɢ޻СĽ𵤣ʿȻԣ˶Ⱥȥ˵д˵ʿƬ̵Ƭòٵͽʿӵʲôִսٽ֮Ĳ룬ҲǺˡ


 Զƻ
޼ʵ֮ϣһԲĴ졣һٽͣ½ֳһ꣬һ
ӺõϢҪص½ϣǲͣЪҲҪһأ;и޾ۼĵطһȺޱǳǧ򣬸иߵȵ弶ͷ죬п׵ڡ
һ·ɻȥСװæܹˮĸˣһԼҲұһܹȥϣ
ǺȻңȴһЩѹţдܣȴοһ룬ЩȻƫӺ⣬ҲȻз½أҪȥõ÷
ǰһƵһ󡯵ΧԪӤһĴڣһбһжҪܶ࣬ںбСǰ治ԶƵУ桯
Ȼز죬ħӣһҲھˣװ·ĵ
һ⺣б½صԭϸǷḻ࣬޲ϣֿʯ黨ݵȵȡ
ڳƷȴǲ˲٣˵֮࣬ǷǷƷ£ʽ͹ܵһеֱ޲ĥƶɣעƾͳˣҩ͸ǲҲ̶ˣѰͼҩҪ½عɣ߼һЩĵҩǽгۣǸû
ЩһͷļѡһЩϣ̽ʼ۸ͬʱԵڡԭȻЩɣóƷҩڣټֵЩֶλʵƽ⣬ʶŹɭϣ˿ԺһЩֶ¶
ˣ㵼˺ƳƷˮƷԶԶ½ءһ𵤸ֶֻһƷ̫ߣ˶ʱ򣬱ҩҲֲġͼʲôľ͸ҲˡҲǰڤһӾȻһӾʶձԵ֮һˡ
£㵼ʦʦһ౾ͽְҵںӳ㡣ĳطһʦʦַӵʮĴۣҪһϺõķһЩϺõĵҩߣλʦʦֶ߳ҲҪǰ
֪һͷһЩ뷨ɫڣ⼸ո·ҲĲ٣ѰһջһԺס
ղúýƣصУ͵һ׹ɳֱӻһһСŮӣСס
һֱһһСһȻվһԣĿһһۣʱ˻ȥ
һԼһתھŮСԣֻ˱ǣСȻȴں飬һŻص½أҲ˲
һȻöŮûа취ȴҲԼüƻ˵Ҫص½أҪ⼸棬˵Щʦʮϲÿ֮ȥ˵þܹҵȥڸأͻƲãҲÿʱ̣СӦҲ˽ͻƺڵĹؼʱ̣ܹսֱԪӤ˶¡ڴڼ䣬ܹҵˮĸϢùٺòˡ
һŵͷͷǵСײٿһֻۣûȻ䣬ֻΪСʿѾɳȳ̶ȡһʱͷһȣǹͷһ˫ۿһҲЩ֮ɫ
ֱˮĸһŽѹһԼѯʲôҲ룬ֱӵ˵ͷһ׹ԼķȥˡһŮҲ֪ʲô顣
ڶգһվɹһ˴̽Ϣ⣬ǴѴѵĻʯ˲ƷĲϡһֿʯֲϣȻϱ˼ɡһ㹻ƶʮĲҲСɽһʮʯ
һΪʮʯȥ˵þۣʲô۵ĳʲôɱ˶ᱦϷ롣𵤴ɣʮʯȻֻ࣬ǱȽϴĲƸѰ𵤸ҲΪЩʯж֡
ȫϣڵ˿ʲôġΪɢ֮Уúò׻˵ʯԼƷƷ˿һֻһͶ·ֻûʯҳ˰ˡ
صջòһȻջרųһһʯ档


 Ϲ֮
֮һгϱȻżһ˿ЦݣȻáԭʱ䣬֮ǰɹĲƷ
Ʒвͬ˲ϸ⣬Ƶĸӳ̶ȸǱһ̨ףջҪԪʹԣܳΪķ
֮һѡǡǧһֶַΣת֮ʱҪķھ·ߣǷһĴڡһ𵤴֮һֶҲһڽϣһΪҲˮǴ
ʱһǿĽޣټӳˡɽͨ״Ҫ͡תǧǧӰֻüյĹϺõģֶΣ״ˣҲҪˡ
ģɹ֮󣬹ؼڴƣ
ŹȻٳûԲɷ˫ޣʶݻʶҲʶšڤ棬̨Ҳһࡣӯҫۣӷ֮ࡣ
һӷһ󷨣һؽƣչ泬ĽƵķ飬Ľ
Ϸ÷еġɡЧֱӽƴģ֮Уһģ߶ʱ˼ַϢֻûзԡ
֮ԪԡһԪҲнɷ˵ȻѡԪ
ҲΪǰȻ˳һȻҪྫû뵽ԪһУϢһ㲦ʱЩĽֻ棬һҲķ˰㡣
һ˳˳ˮһƶʮĲϣ˱˼⣬ʮ˼ȻƷߣֻмƣһƷˮ׼Ѱʦ֪˶Ҫզ಻ѡһԼֻЩεĸо
ʵ֪ΪԵʣڵ֮󣬱ʽ̤Ϲߵĵ·
Ϲʱ򴫳δ谭̫˳֮£Ҳȱ㣬оܸߣȴȱĥʶʱ߶ҪʲôɼԭԼƾˣÿ߶ְʦʦеĻʮ־ͨ󷨣Դĥ
£Ϲн粢ûνʦʦ֮ڵְҵߴڡ̫ϵȵҲĥĥ֮еĵĵҩΪ֮ǵ֮·˳㴴Ƴˡ
Ϲ֮󴫳жϾѣһСľͿɵ֮·ϡʶʱﻹʲôĥĥֻԪ֮ǰһ磬ʶò˺ܶණרĳЩ档һʦʦְҵߡ
ֻЩְҵ߱˵ϹȽϣǱϹѰֻСѧಽĳ̶ȣٲȫƾܹɾҵģھŹɽǬɽʦǶ𻯵ɡ
һ̤Ϲߵĵ·ɾһö𵤣ȻЩۣ֮棬֮ϹʱǺʶ°빦
ȻһԼ֪Щչգֻ֪֮һЩмƻֻкôûлҲȥ
ʮҪȥС׺˭֪ſȴһС˸סˡ
СȻƼݣȴҲǷˣȻΪߣȴҲбٹȳڵΪֻ⾺ңƵǺΪֻ䵽Ⱦأнĵײ㡣
һ·ҪںˣȴС˳ǣ¶ĵЦݵСĸǰ밲ˣǰգСһԽܸǰ
á⡯֣һפٺС˴һۣȻӶԷпֻڶ̲һ˿黫˼һת˵ͷʲô⣬˵
СֻϷһһߣ˵ԭһʧܺ÷ǽûܴãûгɹԸչ
öԷӵȰ˵һ΢΢һЦ֪жϷֻһΣ
⻰С˵һŵǰ֣СȻΪ£ȴ֮Уʶ֪ǰ㹺˲ֹһϣǰ̶¾ͳء
һĻû˵˼ҲǲԶˣȻǽһЩֶεӵɢޣʯ¾ͳȻȫˣһȻжʮеķ
һȻ˵ԼֶΣֻǲ÷ĵ˵ͷСͬʵͷϲͬʱȵʮƷһת֣ܻһǧʯǾǰöʯұٹԲʱҲˣ


 
һҲûп˵ӦȤĿСˣʵⷨȻʧܣǾôչȥʲôأ
С˳һ£ٺЦǰСʶһĺѣϻԽǰƷ˵ĶĵɷҲпܣһһСȻͼġ
һ˵ͷԭˣȻңѵԼȥˣô
Сҡҡͷŵ˵ǰǽ𵤸֣ȻԸ⻨ʱƷ棬СĸҴƱ˵ǰƳɣֵĵõʯҲСչĳ̶ȣ˷ʱ䣬绨˼Ʒĺãǰ˵Ҳǣ
һȰĻǻסһȴ˼ͳϵļ׸Сˣ㿴⼸ܸʲôǮ
Сϱϸһ˫۶ʱŹ⡣Ȼ۹ȴǲȴһ۱㿴⼸ϱȻˣ澹ȻмõĽƣʸǶʮ־⣬˵Ϊ͡Լϵʦһת֣˵þǼƷֵҪʯ
ͷһѹһѹ۸񣬵һЦЦĿȴǸ˸ģǰ⼸ϱȻǷˣȴҲѵõľƷǰСģСĳǧʯ
ǧʯһ˼ĵ˵ͷ¶һ˿ЦС˻ôʯѵô
оһϷųɱ⣬С˶ʱһŵһܿ͹򶨵ڨЦǰ˵ЦˣСһҲһʯֵǰ֡ο滹лΪһʯһ鷳ǰǲ˲ǵģ
һԣɱ΢΢һЦ˵Ĳһ㼸ǧʯͲСȻгֵһᣬ⼸ҲһȥˣЩƬǡ
Сһ㶣뻳УϸһÿһǰƬǿЩ鶯ĸоƺһ㡣
С˶ʱһһ˫۾ɳˡ
ǰ㡭ѵЩǡ뵽һ˵ˡ
һҲʾʲôֻǿʵ˵˵Щ֣ܲܳȻֻѰ̵ļ۸ǾòˣԼȥҲ
СͷһתһջЩæǰģСа취۸һǰʧǰľǣ
һ˵ͷһáָָԼԺڣٲ˵ʲôƮȻȥ
Сû뵽Ȼ˾򵥵㽫һѵķԼԸһ䶼ûСֵʮʯķͷ׷ףһֳ嶯ϿȥˣʯӴ֮ܵ׷ɱ
һƮȻȥķ뵽ԼǰĿܣǾʲôĵ˵ͷ𷨱㳯ջȥ
ȻһСҲһûУʱѾڶԷϴӡǣֻҪС˽ˣܻûзɳƵᱻһɱôֻǾСȻΪǳо̵ǱǱˣ·ܳΪƻһ
ƮȻصԺУʱԺȴǰЩһһѩصˮһӰգ
ֻСѾͷ¶ѵõϷ󶯣ʱˮһգۼûһȻˮĸǰƷϵĳƣƺպգм
һһСѾͷܿͻָ˳̬ϸϸһЦһ֣ڷɶ˹Ц㿴Ⱥô
һ֪ˮĸһԡһɫĵΪߵ˼ʮۺڣȻֶȴΪˮȵȣ貨Щơ
ǻΣ㲻ʶ̶ͻ˽𵤡ϣûһҲ֪ж̶ʱ䲻ͻȻ㿴ֵܹᵤֵĻҲһ̾ˮĸ洫
һ佱˼֮󣬼𵱳ĺʵǲܶԸĶ֣Ҳã뵽˵ĸֶζûУǱǣ뺮ϣȡ˳͸
ܱһʱ֮件ϲĲˣžͲϷٻǺʱһСŮĳСԺ֮С
֮һһʶȴǷС׾ȻڣѯȴҲ˵ʲôСױԼţҲʲôֻҪȥ


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һûܿţڱסתͷȥ˭
СѾͷһҲҪȥ棬С׽һٲ鷳ˣҪҵ鷳
˵ţСѾͷҡһ䣬һ壬覵ϢʱҲͨͨȻһ˫ǰ鶯ȴǻһ˵ӡ
̤ѩ޺ۣű䣡һһ۱ϳСѾͷֶΣ̤ѩ޺ҲᣬűС˵һľܡ
űһɣνǱ任򷽣һɱ任Ϊһε˶ϲǴ֮˻ķ飬Ϊı֮ʲôʲôϵͨ
ṳ̋ѩ޺ʹãһ߸ıһ߸ıϢǾѵϡ˵ɱ˷ݣٺò
һСżʩչҲһΣСȴǲϽû뵽ȴǽ̸СѾͷ̶ʱյȳ̶ȣһҲ۲ѡ
СѾͷǺʲôĶͷͷͳһöױƵĵݸһС׽ȥʱģ˵ֻҪȻʹȥˣ
һɻĽüģֳϲɫ֮űֶΣһŷһŷֱһȴǸֲ֮Ҳ׼ת仯ķܹѧѾ⡣
һеĿԼһǺһЦ˵ͷããҴȥˣҽŷ֮ȥ
ҪƳ٣һСʱ죬Ȼˣ˵С׽
һ״ɵһ壬˺庢ӵæЦ˵ȻȻѧŷôأοո㺮ԣ㲻úѵһȥôæأɣֻҪ㽫ѵˣֵʱҪʲô͸ʲôˣ
ıǣԻСӣнʱϲ⣬ʾһѵá˵űԳһߡѵȥˡ
һСѾͷ˵Ҫ״ʲôģһԴǸĿ˱СѾͷĺһۣһطȥˡ
ʮ֮һڽű䡯֮еı֮ѧԼϡ
СѾͷûôˣͷϲ֮£ǵһԼʲôҪһͲȱʯȻϧһ㣬ȥһ红ӵĸһ㡣
ȻһҲǹ֣һ˵Ƶĵ̣㽫ԼƵʮ֣ձ˲ڣһܹ𣬵ʮֵϺüµˣɲҸæйƹ
ͼƹǽᵤ֣ǼˣþȻ˽ô෨ΪǴ졣õȴǳһ
ЩȻƷرߣÿһƳ̶ȶǡôһֽƣϳܲˣһֲֽܷôڼϼѵ࣬ÿһϼѵı
ΪһҴ̵ƹһҲѵüһúöǰһӾͳʮǵɣЩȻǳͬһ֮֡һ뵽Ǻǣһֶθ߳ʦ
ͼƹҲгǸˣֱѯһֻڹĹУò
һȻ֪Է⣬һҪģҲġ˵©졯͸¶ʮԼƳ
ͼƹţ෬̽ÿÿѯʷƻҪȵȣһ޲Դʱͼƹ˼֡
ûãҲѾ꣬ǮҲû̫ģʮһƷƷһ˶ʮöʯһȻЩת־Ϳʮʮ򣬵ҪѲʱ۸ʮֹˡ
һʯߣ㲻ͣǵͼƹֱͳһߺͼƹæһöȥǴʲôطʲôݣͲö֪ˡ
һһУһ·ȥ˸ŵ⣬ܿͽǰĶʮʯֱӻ⣬ȫϣʮˡ
üͬݵĸУ˳ԾǳԾһ֪βڣҲᣬֻԹԵȥ
һ·ߵڴأüᵹĽɹԱ߱ӭȥһԵɣȴ˵һǧ֮иһһŮˣ췭ظЩ˶Ǳನ˻ġ


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⻰һͷһüͷ΢Լô¸Сйأ΢΢һЦ߰ɣС׽ЩæЩʲô
һƶǶ֪ܹúãǵԣֽкòᡣ
Ǽ˹;ţСѾͷкãͷ죬Ǽһһڣ˵þСѾͷ
һҲЩ鿴ҲЩˣ̧һУһһͬ𣬶͵ֱӳȥһֶһǼʿˣҲ֪ǲãһиȥˡ
ȴ˵һһ·ǼķѰȥյ蹦򣬱оԶǿײһһʮϤСɣһ̺ŨԾһ壬Ȼûдﵽ弶ˮ׼ȴ˵ܹС״һƽ֣ȻǸ֮еĸˡ
оСײ·磬һҲǰ˵䣬ٻûһĻϢҲ϶໨˼ֱӱ仯һľګ׵ӣˣҡһ仯Ůӣ֮Լ⣬ЩС׵Ӱӡ
һҲ֪СѾͷƤҲΪЩСֻ֣ˮ׼ϢųһȺΧ۵ȥ
Щ˴ʿ𵤼ĸҲʮڻҪֵǵǿû죬һʱĵ
֣ŮȻܸСʴʤϢͨ˵˵ʲôݰ
ֹˣĳȻﺣֶϵãŮȴϲã²ǳԴ˵أطɣ
Ҳֵͬ˵һսӿʼڣҶĿˣƺСŮӣһԲ֮£ŴֵġǴŮﺣĸ֣Ȼʹɣ
⻰ЦԭˣСʵĶӣѪȻǿȴҲ˵˴Ů󻶣˾ܾ߳ŭ˰ɣ
ԣҲ׷ЦȻҲСʣĿŵ̸ЦֻĴˡ
ЩһУľʶ֮ͨУͨǴɣǼصͨȻʱûǿǵȳ̶ȡ͵ֵͬĴû⡣
С֮ӶʲôСȻųȴҲ԰ˣȻûȤȻСһսƽ֣ȻΪһԵɣȴҲ֮
һ˼ǲҪֽΧʱ򣬺ˣС׽ߵʱ˵ˣƺǽᵤڵƿϣҪѰһᣬͻƹؿʲôġ
⻰һʱȻСǼԼ˫˫ͻƣЩżˣȻҲųΪĵһؿϣΪ˿ͻƿս˿Сһս˭ǾͲ˵ˡ
ˣҲ˭𣬼ȻʤҾ;䣬ǳ⣬Ҳ٣
һ⣬Ⱥ֮пȻܲһĸŮ
ȴ˵ϣСֶξǧ˿ʣ̤ħ貽Ʈʩչһˣͷԡ
СȻΣȴͷ˫ǣۣȻδȫ̧֮ǷƱ仯ƺպգسײޱȡ
˰ΣСǿԱҲǲ£Ҫ׽Сȴ׷Ҳ׷˿ǲʤ
ڣСʾԼԸһŮӶôʱ䣬ЩҲסЩˣŭһûΪһʮɵצĳС˹
С׼״Ȼ壬ҲԼݣһ˲佫Ӱӳ־ľˮ硢סáڤҲ͵һֳһ̾תɫʣɫ
ڳ˶֪С׵ĺȻǲ֪СһǻڵջҲ˶סġǳǶһӵϣץС˵ʱҲԾԾԵӣֻһսСˣǾ͸׽á
һһпУͷ׼ţֻս֣Ĳ˵ҪС׾ߡ
ڳϵСȻῼЩСʵҲԳһ־ϲŭһһܣҪӴײСס
ȴС׷ǵûж˫Ŀ΢գջͷɫתȻʹ˲ʲô
Сʼ״ϲҪӿٶȣСץ˻ȥúý廨嵽Сǰʮɵʱȴͻ


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С˫һɫ⻪֣ͷɫ໥Ӧ֮лɫƥÿһƥ϶ӦԳСʲ˹ȥ
Сǿſڳһצٳһת˲ֻʣĵΪࡢڡơڻɫƥŸȴǰܹ⡣
С֪СǺ֮ɫĴǼ͵ʱﻹ˵ô࣬צץҪٴγƥһžͳС
һСٲʩչħܣֻһһӣƥʱһ㣬ƹצ˵һӾͲƵϣתۼ侹ȻĶΣС͵һǾҪС׵͵ĳ
Сûϵֱ仯˻һ͵ƥ͸ʱҪƥ
С˿Ϊ⣬һű䣬ˮסڤɱ
һʱ䣬ƥϷ׷ҫ۵ĹâɫƥԳðһƬƬ˲ϰ˪תۼ䣬һ˿˿ϸ΢ѷ
ɫƥϣǵˮɫâһε¶ϣתۼ䣬¶ڵĵطðܿ죬ǺҲԳϸСĿӶȻˮǽӺķˮСԺطˮ裬ҲֶΣһ㲻Ĳ
ƥϣһ׹ȻÿһԵô׳ԼȻشƹͨÿСⲻһƬýڣпζ
һڻƥڤ֮ɫֻ࣬һЩصϢһƣһԼٶȱûҰţƺ֮һ㡣
ƥƣտʼСʻʲôʱƣͻۣﵽϣÿһʹҲܲס˺Ҳ۵õշ໴вѡ
СϲޱƺںСʣǳԼ档
ʱ򣬺ܳӰÿһһδȫ壬һմȻ࣬һףȻǹ࣬һһϺԴ
һȻӲôһΪļˮ׼ߺţҪȻСʵ¡
һСײмһħһûӰ͵һӳȥȹѻʹ⻪ֱӽͷϺغȥˡ
ȻͷϺȥһԻõĻ˻ȴǵȲˣһѷľͳȻЩΪ𵤳ڵӣС˵С׻£һȺ壬ʮ󲿷־Сʣﻹڵó
ʱһХһɬЩϺзţȥɣ
һ䣬һźۣವһɵ֮ǰ̧һһȻĳ֡ת˲䣬һʮʮٽٵֶȻʮӰһʱ֮춼ǽ⽣Ӱ֮󣬶ʱЩҪ˵һ
ȻЩҲд󵨵ģΪǡ۷˹ȥһҽжѪ˶סˡ
˲һ˭ˣʩչ̤ѩ޺ۺű䣬ˣȴСס⡮š֣СϲɵߺһڣȴҲûпڷʲô
һһȻȴҲֻһʱסһЩ̰ܿʹʹ취һѣȺһƬˣͳһƬĺ
ʮһʮӰȴҲЩмܲסôƬƬĽ⽣Ӱ
һĴСףߣԸЩˣ˵ţּ佫ӽӿռ֮з˳
⻰С׾Ҳԣ˵ͷ㳯ԶȥȻʱҲԼսƷ̧һץ㽫Сץӿռȥˡ
һȺ˼С׷ߣҪæȥץһλᣬһЦʮӰһʱȦ룬ս֮ãһС
ЩԼ˵ˣһ㲻˻ᣬ˳۵ľʹº֡Ƭʱ䣬ҽ̶ʱ䣬ʮ¡
һɱûʱԶԶһŨҵʱͷһ弶壬ѵʣ
ʣǱ壬Բ˶ߡһЦٲ̰ͼɱˣХһνߣ֮죬ת۾ͲӰ


 
һǰһߣǽűʮȻÿҪɢʧҲͻأǳһ
ֻǲһˣһͷ߷߲ѣʱŨֱӽѹô
νδȵ֮мдһϵŭĺҵĶҽ
һһ˵Сʵӣﺣкŵųʡ
˻ûӦʱһ䣬ĸߴͷ˫ǵӣһ֮ڳ˶סʱҶֺ
ҹ
һһˮ棬ʱըӰǰС׳ɵϺꡣ䵽ˮϣϺߵݲѡ
˵Сȥˣ
ϺΡΡ໥˿ǹսսĽԭί˵
þȻһͷСʴƽֵʱ򣬲һҪ֪֮Уһ塣Ǽʮָ߳ʵȴƽƽŮֵ׽˫ޡ½أԼص磬к֡
û뵽һͷ壬Ȼ˳ȻһСԼöӴƽ֣ⲻԳԾ
ԼӾȻܣ۵۴еʱóԾʱŭ⣬ŭһһųŵǹҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
ţ˵Сȥˣѵô
ԣ֪˵ȻǵʴŭҲҲ˵СĽһֺС׽Сߵ˵˳
ŭһţʱԲĺ澡ը䣬Щ𵤼ĸҲͰˣϺ֪˶٣һʱˮ淺Ѫɫ
ԷйתͷһȺɫãõúܣǶ֪ʵȻĿҶץõúܰǶ°ɣ
ԣɫסײŵӵǰǰˣֻԹ߰ˣ飬θҲ֣ǰ£ҪΪǣοǺЭڣѵǰҪƹزô
ʲ˶ӣŭڣʲôһ̧һץ㽫˺ƬŭһأҾǹأҶӱץǶǰףɱǣ˭˵ţ̧Ҫץ
˭˵һɢ˷ȥˡҲԪӤһĴڣѪʵͬҪǿһЩǿƴһҲһʱ䣬ɢܣյ蹦㱻ɱ˸ɾ
ɱЩˣ侲ҹһ˵òͷ˵һŮȴ΢΢ɣǳСȥķ׷ȥ
ȴ˵һֳٶ֮ȼԪӤˮ׼ǲ̤ѩ޺۵ֶθıϢȷʵû׷ϣת˷Ƶȥɵ·Żָò
صУûǵκĿµйһ˺Щϣųջȥ
ҪջʱԱߺ߳һǰյСˡ
СæǰǰСǰͻʯˣ
һû뵽ôһٹʿȻܹʮͳ˵ͷ߰ɣһȥ
С˱ҸƧĵطһҪŽջ뵽ԼһĹܻᱻջϰ巢֣ɵԳɡһͣĲС¶ģҧҧһȥˡ
һǰһһԺСһС׺ûлҲģֱӴС˵֮У衣һλҲ˵ʲôֻһƷһȤĴС
С˱ǰμ棬ȴԵú棬Ҳֱ֪ĺ£Ϊ׬ʯԵøˣһΪƺҲһ㣬ֻǱٹȳڣһ㲻ʲô
һ˵СҲ˼ӻȡһ˫ַϣСĲǰУʮʯǼϱҲ׬ȡһǧʯܹʮǧʯڴˣǰ
һƷȻʮʯļ۸񣬱ңһҲ΢΢ԾǺһЦʮʯȡ˱ǣǷϱ˶ʯȡΪδʱ㻹
Сԣ̧ͷֱֱĿһǼᶨǰСĶԸһǧʯǰӦʣ


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һɻĿСһۣҪʲô
С˼һûйԳϲ֮ɫǰǰǰļС˹ϵȥСĴӼʦЩϺõıѰʦܹʶƶǰǲ֣
ϹάĻһҲУ˵ͷĬˣˣʲôʲôϵ
С˼һ϶ԼƶϣЦԽŨæȻǰ֣ǰЩһ˺üãСĻȡʯȻҪ׬ȡʯˡ
һ΢΢һЦǣҪ׬ȡʯʲôϵѵ볤ΪҷɣˣҲûҪʯʲôģԼȡӶ𲻾óˡ
˭֪Сҡҡͷǰ£Ȼǰ˵Сȴ֪֮ȻЩ·ȴСżּҲҪðķաʶǰϷĽСģСȷʵҽµġ
һԴͬĵͷ˹֪û뵽Ϊߣȴǿ飬ҲѵãȻˣһǣ֮˵ִӺζк
⻰Сһлǰ佱СĶһԡǰԼ˷㷷Ȼ治ȴҲܳá̺ȴǹֽͷˣ˶ǲǣǰȡ֮
һ벻ոһΪĹעУ⻰ʱһ˿Ȥޣ˵ʲô׬ȡʯӣ
С˵˵ͷҵֻһ飬ǰֶΣƳƷֱȡʯͲϣƷ׬Ǯ
˼ǣ
СǰһרΪˣ׬ȡʯֶֿ죬Խʶٸ֣׬ȡ飬һٶãֶΪ
һƬ̣ȷʵһϢȻʮںʯȷȷʵʵԻʶָ֣͵͵ݸԵףĹע
Ȼ˵Ҳ̶ֻǿڵ⵹ǲϸ˵˵
С˼ţﻹҳɣſڱ㽫Լһƻ˵˳˵СȻΪ£ȴһţι̣װ޲ãȵȣνͷͷǵ
һ꣬˰ΣС˵ʲô֣
СæС󡣡
󣡡һһ飬ֽ̧ǰݸĴ׻ȥȻҪȻʯЩǰʽȥɣǲԼȡǣ׼ˣҡ˵ãǶңȴֻҪƹ龡㸺𡣡
һɴʹӦʱϲֵСС˾飬붫ҷģСһõ׵ҾֻҪȡʯˡ
ʱһɱ¾һеϢһðסһУƺһ˲ֹͣ¶ƺҲȻ½˼֡ͷϣһ㣬һԼһͷ޶סʱҪ˺Ƭĸо
һڣһֵĮޱȵͬ⣬Ҫ׬ʯҸ㣬ֻһҷ㱳ңĺǣ㶼Ӳһף
Ǿ֮ɫΪߣҲ٣棬ûһɱɱġ˲ˣԼĶҲô򵥡
ǴˣȻҲǳΪǴкܶ˼ۡθһҲˣȻǴ˺ܶණһɱһ㣬ֻ˼زסֻҪһ־
ǴˣʱҲ֪סԼ˼ת˲䣬㽫Լпܶһ˼뷨æݵҷģС˾ұѶң
⻰һ˲ջԼɱ⣬ĵ˵ͷ֪ԼǹӴЧˣȻЧһܳãĿģٳá
ο˭ֻҪԼˣǿϸԼ죬ĹԼˣԿҪǱԼҲطģֱɱˣٻһҲˡ
ʱһеС׺ط˻ֵˣȥɣ
⻰ɴ⣬æݣһɱ㣬ԴȣСĳȥˡ
Ȼ鴦ãһҲٹܣ˷㳯С׺ڵķȥһƿţС׺һһϸϸС߶ϵһǱɫСߣСһɫСߡ


һ 
һֵľ󣬲ɵһ㶣С߲ǿô򵥡
ûѯʣֺҲƵСҫ㿴ǿǵ͸ĺŶ
ԣһȻЩƣôҲ벻С߾ȻǺԡʶһ̽ȻСһļ޵Ϣǲϸһ̽ȴܷ֣Ȼʲôֶͨμӳֹˡ
ﲻֹһͷСߣæתͷȥС׵Ŀӭǿһɻ˵ͷʾԼСߵǻСʵ
С׵Ŀ϶һǲɣͷȴɻ󡣲ܿ𰸡
СѾͷױһȡһöԲһףӴЦϸȥˮĸʲô
Ҵȥ
СѾͷ˵űһʱˮĸһֱӽȥˡ
ٴνˮĸȻС棬һȴûʲôʣȻһѾˮĸֶڶͽӿռһķѾͬһռĴڡ
СѾͷһһһĹſͣСѾͷָšӺһ
ԭˮĸճȻƺպգ֮ҲԸ֮ĴڡϹ鸽˵ˮĸĵӴ֡
мڴˣˮĸ㽨רոЩˡĽֶΣֻҪе壬ֵϴˢԹԽΪˮĸ˵һڡ㹻ˮĸӿ죬Ļڸ֮󣬱ᱻˮĸ£Ϊ˵ӡ
һЩʱԵɣ˿ССߡһ弶޵Ķӣļ۷壬ȴǳ˽һĴڡ
ڴ£һͷûһ˼⡮ϴ˵ٲˮĸ֣ɲȫ㳬ԼΪˮ׼ޣСʶոļǲˡ
ͷ̴ž죬ȵǸöԺޣпõãɱҲ˷ѣֱͽתȦոˡʱܻǿعװ棬ٺò
߷ˮĸһôһҲѯС׵
ƽСҲཻЩһʣСҲڣһ˫ź֮䣬ɫ⻪תǴˮסڤĹʣŽ
ԭǵΪѸΪʵר˻ȻԱϣѸ٣̶̶ʮʱ˽𵤣ˮ׼
ڽ֮Լƿڡתʽͬˮѡˮ⣬֮ǰţͷڤ֮ѡڤһҲɣһɽ٣Ҳ˻һ˿֮˵
һҪսĥãҪͻƿ⺣ĸֳִɲͬСȻ˲ͬɢޱԣȴܴﵽڻʱСʳѲȥ
СҲȷʵ൱˵ãȻûн弶ʵҲ൱μ⡣һðС׿ƿĹذҪ׽Сȡڵ˼ȷʵ˼ɻ䣬Сĺ֮£ͽתͬʱͷų
ȻűֶβǺͳСֶǸ߼Ĵڣʵ͵һأʽ̤ƿ𵤺ԪӤֶһһ־ʹþƶתС޵˵ǳСһС߶ν͵ʴס
һ⻰뵽СʵͷǻϲѣһСͻƽ𵤺ڣʵǿԼ֣ȷʵԳսʤԪӤ֡
õýһĵȡ˺ЩļƷļƷĵҩСףȡͻƽ𵤺ڡ
ðţСȻûʲôԣһⰲ
һ֮󣬸Ůٴα仯󣬳Ƶ㳯޾ۼطȥЩ޾ۼضбĴڡһԸŮȴֵոޣ׽ãǱƹס֮Ͷ֮С
ñ׷ʱתӣӭսطӶһ顣
һһΣϵ޲̯࣬ÿطҲ͸٣Ƚӡʶתս߰˸طûбץס
ץʮͷޣﵽ߱׼֮󣬸Ů˲תƵûգʯãǹϳЩ


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ʱһţһ˵һ࣬һɹҩɢųɾŶգһƮɢڿУһеһ˿ƮɢҩʱеëſƴҲƵ͵ѡ
տʼΪһҪʲôֶԼҩ壬ʱоȫûһط̹ƺģģıٹھ綼ˡ
ʱףʲôֶΣⲻһʱɢģǰδδźöһûзԣҲ
һȻûӳһ۾ͳһ˿ҩҲһͷΣһķ߰ɣȻҵĵ̣ҳһҲ
⻰Լ⣬ɫһ죬æǰͷ·һһ·֮ȥ
һǰһ˲Զ·ָָͣһʰĵ̵ңˡ
һȻ̼֮ҲҲҪʱ˺̵ͣλãȻνĵˡȻ˵㲻һõȻ°빦һҪ֮أٺòĵ̡
ʱһ˴˳һԵٿ˿һȻǽ𵤸֣Գһæӭ˳
״ٺһЦȥϰ壬λҵĶңľҼҶҿֶθ߳ʦҪϰʹãǰ˵㻹ţ˵ƭ㣬ô
ϰȻֻΪΪԵʣĽ𵤸Ҳ١ʶһҲǱ湧ĵҲǲ¡ĻȴǴģĴһ
֪Щˣ˵֣ѰʦûиʮϰۣͲӣһȻ겻ʲôڣʶôôʦ
Ȼ⻰Ҳ˵ֻԽһǰ˹ֵλȻĶңµĻҲˡҪ֪ҵ̣Уǵ²ҵطҲͰˣ˵̵شеҪ壬յ˼ֵ̼㲻Լʹã׳ȥҲðܹ⣬ԡ
һöԷĻ֪ʲôѹԼʵҲôԪӤһĸ֡Ҳȥ˰֣˵ѵΪɣ
⻰ϰǳһ飬ЩȻֻһС£ŵһ̨Ѱ𵤸ֶҪӡҵ̣в˶ϣôˮ
ɲǷһ飬Ҫֻһ£õϰ֪ѶˣҲԼ˸顣û뵽ԷʲôҾȻ㲻ӣЩ²̨
ϰͷɫҲȻǺãܷȴʦûֶθ߳ʦǵеƣԡ
һƺûԷ֮вһϵ˵ĺãòãؼʦ˿ľĳ¶һ֣ǲˣ˵ţ̧ű㳯ȥ·Ѿһ㡣
ϰ岻ΪǽΪҲһסһֻĿһ̺Ժֱһ䲼˵ػӵķ䡣ۡһ¾ͽŹϡҪȥţȴͻȻǧƳǰ
⣡ϰײڽϣʱһ̣˽ⲻԴһߺнƶˡһӾͳôƣ˵ȻһõġתۼܲôƵֶΣҲֻ˵ˡ
ϰæתʵʲôѵʦɣ
һЦܣʲôʱƭˣϴұ˵һʴ⣬㻹ţⲻҲ˵ˣҼҶҳ֪ҲǣҲˣ
Ļϰͷһ£ɵ뵽ѵûƭң˻ʲôֲɡҿɲǵһ֡ˣˣҲͰˣǣұǣͷ֪ҵһ֣Ҫ
ͷףľǵȴѰҲҪչ򣬶Ҫüʱ䡣Ҫ˵֤һ˵һˡʱҶȵ𡣵û뵽ոչʱǽյĴŸµһʹ


 
Ŵ򿪣󶼳һϰǺɣʱѵƵһɣǷôֶܿ
һ˳˿ڳˣҲ˵ʲôֱֽ̧һľһĶ׸ϰ塣
ϰʶĽ˹õвŷľȾȻΪأĦ£־ȻһֻҫʯĿʯơҫʯԲϣɴصķмֲϵҲǵͽ
뵽Щϰ϶һͷҲῴһ֣Ϊװģչأ鿴ҪʶԪ֪̽ûֻ֤˱ǡ
̽ʯȵʱɫĹεһͷɫߵӰֳʱ˶һƺʲôѹһ㡣
ϰֳʯȣΨһһӰˣȴҲԾˣͷ⾹ȻƷ
ϰæջһĿһͬʱʶ̽ȥ֮гĺۼ⣬ûһ˿һ˵ӡ棬ȻһɵԣԼҲɵˣǷʱʱ䣬һƳ˵ġ
ڴʱ˳յϰǰôܣҿûƭɣ
ϰЩ͵ĵ˵ͷȻҲ֪ʱʱ䣬ͨޱȵĲƳһƷˮ׼ȲʦҲԶˡ
һ𵤼ʦǺĵλԼƵֵӣͲͷһɵð󣬾Ȼһֹûеˣľˡ
ȻʱҪλִùϵȻҳڹæͷǡ
ʱһڣʵϰľĳ֮ɻãǷʸõһ̣
⻰ϰ廹һСЦǰ˵Цˣǰһ¶Ҫﵽʦˮ׼ֹãȫСҵ̵飬ȻкЩ죬ǰģȫСϣһܴǰȥ
˵ϰ廹ظ䷢ȻҪȫźһλ֣ʲô죬ǵԼС
Ȼǰƺ󹧲һϲҲСɫһʶҲʾⲻ⣬˵ͷڷԸ󼸾䣬ȫ֮󣬱ƮȻȥ
һȥıӰϰæյԱߡû֮ǰưЩͷЦѯһ
֪Ҳ࣬ȴǻƣſڿӣıһ˵ʲô֮ˣĳλ˴У֮ࡣϰŰɣȴһأӡҪæ
ϰﱸٶ˼ûž˶֪ôһ
֮ʽţһ¶һ˻غԺȥ˦ƹȥˡҲǾ̵ţһϰټԼһƷڵУҲӦǰˡ
һƵķΪֶδ״Ĵª֪˶ٱͬ鶯̶ȣǾ̶ȣЩªֶɵܹ⡣̶գ꣬Ҳ˴ȥ
żûлԴʱһַųϰʱžޱȵƹ񶼳ԾѣӾԼһҲǼ
Ψһĵǣ⼸յûƷϾǿƺǾ͸Ѱûʲôûʲôصˡ
˰ʱ䣬˼ȡԡ궼꣬ų˱ҲָѰһʮӣˣҲ̵ˡ
һգ̲סԤһ຺ӣΪһȵϢȻǻߡֻǴ˲̸ǵһ̸
ֻһһʶƷһҲ⣬Գ⺺ӽ̸һ
˶Է̸֮ǮʱǺȴЩҪѹۣȻھҪùѰļ۸
Ǳ׼ˣȻϣҲ׳ǽʿҪۡ˭֪⺺ӱ˵ôŭ͵һӣҪ
󲻹ǱٹΪǱ󺺴һ£Сʱһȭ޹ʶԼǽ𵤸֣ʱŵ궪ǡȻڴʱһͻأ֣ںǰ


 򽫳ȥ
󺺵û뵽ԼѵһٹΪϾȻǵջһ˾ϳһ˫צףʽϺ˹ȥ

һ˫ѪɫצӲĺ䵽ϣ˷һ⣬ȴûһЧϸȥԭһĹֽ󺺵צ档
ף¶ŵı飬һ˫צ׿ѵõĶƷȻһ֮£ѰڸֵֶסȻƾһԼ
֣ȴǲһһ
һҲɫ˵Ҫҵ£β㣡ҵҪ㣬ƾʲôҵˡ
󺺹һЦƾʲôƾҺ̸⣬һССıٹʿ͸Ҳ죬ѵýѵһô
һ˵ͷȻˣҸ㣬ϣȫȨңѵǽѵң㻹Ҫô
󺺺ݺݵĵŵöµһۣЦܴ㣬Цҿɲܴܲ㣬ֻҪ죬ҾʹҪΪʲôҾ͸㣬ΪģΪʵǿ
ԭˣһЩȻһ̣ʱһһӽƷų²ˡȻˣҲԽѵѵˣ
ʲô󺺱ΪԼһסȴû뵽һոշӦͼǰǴ󶦶Ȼһǣײ˹
ŭһĻȥоײϾʹʯ󺣣оһɾ˴ξײȥֱӴӺԺײãֱײϡ
ϵ˼һĻ׷׶ܡ󶦷ɵͣ͵һСͳԺȥȻһ֮ж֡
ȴô룬ΪһͻȻ⧲űײ˳ʱֵ˶Ǳ࣬ƤοϾʹϢˣݺݵĵ˿ֵһۣһȥɡ˫צһӣʱʮɳôֱӳһ˹ȥ
ʱһߴһӰͻأĳڵǰһ˭ˡһжһ߳һС֮жʱɳʮɫеǹᣬҲйȣӡ飬ͭȵȡ
ʮͬʱų⣬ֱӽЩеͬʱɵŷеķ϶ӴҸ·ɹ˳˫һΣһҽУ죬һצֱӱڵأٱɻص˫͵һǰ
һ棬˲ųʮ˶ᱦڳΧ۵˾̾ѡЩ𵤸ڳֻԼҲȻһ汻һʱ򣬶ͷһ
Ҳû뵽Լһգ۾ͱܣվЪ˹ĺ컯֮£㾹Ȼ˶ᱦ￪ֱѣ
һЦһ컯գǰҵţҴǿ̣ͣȴһԲϾȻҪɱ£Ǻεҽϳ⣬һһǵڸģȻҪͥǺεڿǿΪⲻǸʲôǿΪˣ
νǹ˵˵ڳֵ˵ǰ᲻һǴҪʱ򣬱ԶԶֻ֮ȺԶֿ߳һһٶһһȻǴүȻ࣬ųǿϢȻǱں͹ܼһࡣ
ĿǴһۣãܺã˵ʹϲҡ˵һˣҡթƭ۸̼ҡʮգȴûץˣû뵽̤Ьٴȫѹ壬˻Ƶأպٲ׼
⻰Ӧŵһ̧һץǴ󺺱缦һ㱻ץȻҳһڣͱˡһĻڳ˷׷׽кãȴûһ˵һ䲻ԵġȻʮֲͬ
ʰˣ΢΢һЦǰմ˾Ȼľĵ̣ȴϹĹۣҲӦáľץˣƵȴǳˡ
Ӹղ֣˿̸Լ˵ȻڿƵ˵ݶȻƵֱӸйأҲǵֶݣԲŸһһƵ
һԣƵȻСȴҲ£ֻƻ֮еһˡԷʾãȻҪƵ壬ȴҲʾ̫ɣֻ΢΢һЦ˵ͷһתȥ
һ⵭Ȼ̬ȣǵУ¶͵ıҲߣһ㳯ȥ


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һǰŽСȻ֪ʵݣͷҲ֪ܲһˣһΪԼִ֣ͬŸĪʵͷһζһҵ
뵽Ե̿ܵӰ죬ԭܱ뷨Ҫһ˭֪һȴǰ˰֣˵һǿ͡ʹȥݲ衣
״Ҳ޷ֻùԹԵȥȡõòյȴҲһܹĿ⣬һʹʹɫȻҪעꡣֻһδԹԵƷˮ
һûзӦȴǿıǺһЦľµҲģѹֵˣ
һԣһڣ΢΢һЦвֻ֪Ҫľĳ£ֻҪѣľĳûԼ˳Կĵ
⻰ֻǰһİкõ˵úãĳֻ֪֮ͨû뵽ҲеľǷˡ
һöԷʼ¶ݣֻ΢΢һЦѹˣľĳν԰ˣصѲľĳ֮̽İɣ֪裬˵СܷҪ
һЦľ˿ĳ⣬УȻ󣬻ΪĳһȺһ֪Ը£
һ¶һ˿ϲɫ⣬ȻûнƵģֻҪѳ۸񣬸ľĳΪǣûʲôܽӵġ
˵ͷȻֻǲ֪۸񼸺Σ˵
һ˵ͷʾһԵ˵ɣ
Ȼһٹʿ̸۸΢΢Ծɫ΢΢һ䣬ܿͻָ˹Сǰ㽫ƸƷļ۸˵һͨ
굹ǺúûΪֻü۸Եһ֣ʵ¿Ϊμ۸ҪԵҪѵûô
ڶԷݣԷѣӾʹЦ๫֪Ʒص㣬һʱֻ̣ҪһʱͿƷʸߣͬͨƷԱԵҪãʴ㣬۸񡣶۸Ѿǿҵպۼ˵ûҪһǡ
ʱһڵƹλǱһλʽĿˣŻݼ֣ȡƽİ˳ɼ۸ˡ
֪ԷݣһȻüۣȻæͷǡ
һһһͣȻôӦͷ룺ҲǸ˲šͬʱץһЦȻˣǾͶлľˣҽǰô˶ʮʯ𣬴գһȺǰչ˲ǡ
һȻͷЦˣ˳ŵҲתȥˡ
ȥһҲȺȥԲһѺ߶үϼһȴҲ١ֻǶѵ֪Էݲɣھͱ˶Է١ǳԿˣպȻ١ⶫǸĪⰡ
ȴǲ֪һ߶һֲһСھҴǹһ˿صЦ
ȴ˵үϼһ·ߵһҵСһҵǵһĵطӭһƹſڵӭԺƬ̣ǰ󺺵һöɫƽϼ
һöƣϼһЦЩԽԽûгˣԷųһϢֵҡɳȴ̫ûˣûȵҳ֣ͱ˴ſ¡
ԣҡҡͷүһζүɳ˵ûдֻľʦʵ̫ǿͬ־Ȼɱֱǳֵĳֱ񡭡
ϼԣæ׷ʵֱʲô
ֱ˵֮еġ
ʲô˵ѵܹͨ˵ɣôܣ
үǿܵģ׷˵ʱ򣬱˵ֻ׷Ϲ֮ʱѾϾƺ½ҲвɡȻԶԶȲϹ֮ʱҲǴš
ϼɻ˼ǣǴ½عô
ҡͷǲܵģ½Ǻ֪˵ΪҲҹȥ˵ֻнΪҲ²⣬ӦЩЩаɣ
²⣬ϼҲΪͬʲôͷֻҪֶȷʵ߳Ǻֵýύˡܹ£ã㲻ҲҪ£˵ԺԽǰȥţϼȥĵط
ˡš֣ҲԳϣĹâȻһʮֺõĵط֮󣬶԰һµڶǰȥƷ֣һЩ֮󣬱̣𽣹⳯Ƶߵɽȥ


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Ȼڵڶգ̸տţϼʮ𵤼ĸС͵ϼ˿أͺĽԼҪ¼һݹעԪ֮ȥˡ
һʮ˵⣬Ҳ˵ʲôһͷȥˣڸʲôȴ֪
ʱתʱȥһһ׸صԼȥˡһʮʮϼµһ
Ҳҵ飬ֱӷѶʮ𵤸ǰȡ֮һ·Լ˹ķȻֻһƷ쵽ȴһƷԲÿһһЩͼĶƷ
ǲ£ȻȴеõȱһӵķʱϲѣĽǷʯһԼʯҪתۼ䵽ֶʮʯ˵嵥⣬ʱֵβ£
ȴ˵һȺ»ȥʮһƷԲÿһֶζʮָ߳ϼʮʮȷһֵݣǴһҪá
ٹ˼գϼٴεţһʮĶһ̸
̸֮䣬ϼԵʮϣֻԼݺޱ˵ȴ˿ûд̽һ˼Ƕθлһ˵Ϊڼһֹ⣬ʾպһܲһ
һ˼磬ȻΪһЩûƮƮȻ֪ԷǿԼֶβཻϼûϢΪ̹ϣҲΪ͡
һ̸˶ύԷ̸죬ٵϼȥһͳſڣٲȻжѵ
ʮϼԼ͸¶ֵܵ£˼ǲظʱ䣬ҲƳһƷԲȻǼֵ֮֮䰵һϢȻֺõ飬Щһԣÿոʱһˡ
ӾյĹһ£ϼҲһΣڴڼ䡣үƣ֪ʲôطһΪƷ˵˳ȥһƽʱС
أ˳ǰƷһҲ߲ܣ¶࣬¯öޱȡЩ˾ǻ棬ԸǿŵöࡣʱŶﲻ
ǵصĶ˵ͬʱȴ֪ܶһ֮󣬽ˡҵ˼۸
Ȼ۸һǣȴһȴûг̫ãøƷϼѵķ֮ЩΪ۸Ƕ˶ʱڲѡ󶩹˶ʱַ賤
һҪǼȴҲס˶ĽŲһȻΪСһÿ¶ǶƷλԱϵȡ
һ£һȻÿֻʮķ߰˼ǶƷ׬ʯ׬ȡ˲ٲϡ̶̰ʱ䣬۵ʯʹﵽܹ䡣˵׬ȡʯٶȣɵʦҲõ뷨
ʯãȴվ֮һҲΪ㶫ԼĳԡһʱһһȴǳԾķ֣ʱˣнȴһҲû¡
ԭۺޱȵԪȻ񲻶࣬ͨԪԽ⣬ʶǿͣİҲһ㡣⣬޽򽣡򣬡⽣ĲڶͨݣԼ̲ǽļǿõȻϲǣ֮بǰƿȻҲЩɶܹ˵öʱҲпܵġ
С׺һ㲻ʲôСױչذ֮󣬽ڻͨɼֱͻƵ˽𵤺ڣʱսԪӤһСѾͷǷȻÿ֣ȴȻȻƿͻƵ˽ڣͻƽ𵤺ڵļ
һԵĶŮҲĽѣֻҲ֪ŮһУһۣԼȶŮһѰȴǿ˲֪ٱӢĽܶ˷ֺ˵ȥֱӿԽ
ףС׺ΪʵߵڼӵʵʶҲֻĽûмʣṩһпܵ˴ʯ˺ö
һһմг̺棬ǰóصʱ䣬׼ȡ˷
һףһּƺõķЩǶƷÿһֵ߰ʯһǰ˶ᷢҽӹȴסûʮʯĸо
ˮǴߣΪ鵤Ķ£ٹȺΪŽӴĸһ࣬ҲԳһƹٲǵյС
ĽӹһҪȥæסӴ˼λǰȺϣҼһ档


 
Ҫ˵һϼһ⽻һ˲鷳˵ҲӵĲС͡ߣȴûйӸļӣҼʶǳ̸ЦһҲཻá
ϼǰһȻҪһӣʱĴ㣬ȥûноһȻƳ
һеһϢǹһ˿ǳЦ粽֮Уóϼ⻹ӸʱƷһöƣϼץסƣһɳ𵤳ˮ׼ϢȻﵽˮ׼
һöƣһҲԾΪⶫǰΪϼƵĶƷԲͨ
⡮ͨһ˰ƷķǷ˵ſ鱦ͨɵͷͨ˫ֶƶɡ˱ʮ⣬ֻһôǶʱӳʹߵˮƽ
ʹãԼӳֵ۷Բˮ׼ʹҪۿۣȴҲԽÿһСĶ塣Ҳ˵𵤳ڿԷӳӽڵˮ׼ǱҪͻƽڣǾͿܷӳڵ
ͨϾֻǶƷ鱦ʹ˵ΪҲޣԪӤʹãһЧֱӽ屬ˡ
Ȼ˵ֻһôͨһԽսڽʿУȴʵʵĺñҪ֪еһ̶ȣǿһ߾֮𡣶ܹʱǿʵֲķѾȥƵķǱһͬĹҪ˻ӭ
ϼչʾӳԾѵʱ򣬼һһЦӭȥλӶݵˣôһ֪ܳʦðϼչʾġͨλʦʵϣ֮
ϼһ֮һ֪ӶǸĹӸĳĶӣʲôɵĴӣǵΪȻֻǽΪһ棬ûԪӤȴ
һĿıǽύ뼸ȻЩӸ罻񡣶ӸȻרŵʦȻҲƶƷԲƷķʶˡͨãȴҲʮִѣһһ
һ̸ЦһһڹӸ糢ֱ޲ѡ֮ʱϼһЦλ֣ȻҶˣҲ֪ĳǰ飬ɷܰæ
⻰λȭŵĴӣڵȪڵ˵ֵ飬ҵֵҲòӣһκۿȻС֪ʲôԵʧ٣ЩΣաȭܱһǿ壬ȴһšĦȭƣƺպգ˵ҪһҵȽҲıٴľ»ֲܣˣҵȵĲˡ
⻰е֮ⲻһȴֻһСʣʲôۣʲôˮöĪƺйأʵλ̸۵ĵʲôѵľĳʲôϵɣ
⻰ӸڲᣬϼҲǵãǺЦľһֱӣ֪ҲǺȻ򣬵վⲻ˳ԹʶÿЩͷػвͬ÷ʽ֮սйԹﺣǿһΪսнˮ׼֮սλıľһȥ
һԣ¶һı顣Ϊճս˵ġȪ˵ı飬ƺֲսô򵥡
ϼҲǿһ˼һЦľģĳȻʲôˣȴҲӺѡǺۿɲսô򵥡Ҫǧ꣬ǰǺޱȻҵʱ˵𡣵ʱҲʱдս𣬶ÿδս֮²ɼԪӤ֣ڸҲ֡ЩǰȻ²ٱ⺣ǵһսڡ治֪˶ٱǰɴڡѰ˵һ˵þһɳ졣⼸ǧ˵õ꿡õΪһżʣ⺣սΣأȴҲ赲̽Ѱ˼ҳϹս֮⣬۱һȻһĴڣǺһ۶ɣԳأģϾɳȵϡﶼг֮ܶȻΣգȴҲѵõıءֻȱأȴΪ˿ţøԪӤĴڣǲ˵ӡҴ˴Ҳǲʮ˵ӣĳڼȻ˵Щ˽뺣ȴǻЩλһľ
˵ϼһ٣˿һԵӣŶһЦȻľԸ⣬ĳȻٶԡ


 ʸ
׺ۡŴսȻ⻰һϼ˼
ڳ˿ǺսȻΣأŵرǰűҲͬ޴ȻܹеֶǸ˵ӣжȻҲǳȺӡ
һҪ뺣һУжȻᵣСķգԼϼĶõѡһϼͿͨṩʩӶݣ£ֱոΪ¡
ϼЦݣȻ֪һѾ˼³һѾ³ҲģΪֻΪⷬƲʲôıııǲ֪ģıȴǲ֪Ϊ֪֪ϹĻǵϹ
ֻϼȴ֪һͿǰ򵥡ǵս󺺺Ҳ¶ʮ֮һʵ˵һʱĿԼ˹Сװæ־ԪӤֶ¡
Ҳ˵ԵĹӸԣΣĺۣһԣֻҪСıûһΣգʣµȫǻҶһԣмֵĲŵرǰűЩ徫ӢͬĿڡ
һ׬ȡʯͬҲ˲ʯĻݣ̣ͨᣬȵȸַʽҵ˺Щ޸Ĳϡ˵ֶҪָɹǲܵģһ޲վ׿֮ǰո岻˵ܶոһٶ塣һκ֮УȻṩƷϼѵޡ
һܿЩк˵ڱСϼڵԼ˵ͷѺλˣȻλʢȭȭľĳȻǹˣ
һȻڴӦϼһЦ⣬ȪЩѿһӸ磬ĵӣ粻ƽ¶һ˿֮ɫ֣⡭
ϼԣһ裬Ȱ˵ʲôȴһһЦڵȻλһ⣬ľĳҲܰװܣǺۿЩʱ䣬ľĳŵλһһƷԲл񣬻ЦɡںַֻҪĳܹƳλѾǡ
Ӹ֮ãȴ»˹أЩѰ졣ѰѰ죬ܲܰȴһ¡
һִһƷԲллɾͳѰĳ̶ȡǸոռʶϼġͨǶĽѣʲô취ڣû뵽һԼײǹʱǵ˺Ļ˻һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ϼԼϵƽˣһøһȴû뵽һһȻǲԼٻʲôϵˡȻСƻƻȴʶҲûʲô䳡һ»ʵľ֣ھǶƷԲҲ֪Ʒɲƣ
⻰ӸʱعȻһĴ𰸡ϾܹܲƳԽƷķʦʦ֮Ĳ𡣶һʦ½ǽΪǺĵλãЩ֮ϡ
һ仰ʮԵĿ̽˼һҲΪ⣬ǺһЦľĳûƹƷ
ǰһ䣬һ˿ʧ֮ɫ⡮ȴֵǵθ
һ˽ĶԼЦһЦŵƷԸṩϣľĳɵĳɹʵġ
⻰˵һӦһڴţһ̣ϼ뵽һһķѰʦʮÿһƷʶǳƽʱƣƷʻߵ
һǹ΢ЦԽ˼֣һ俴ЦĻҲû˼֡ȻҲֻϼԼĲ²⣬Ǽ٣Ҳ˷
һһ䡮Ц򿪳棬˵Ц̸˵ϵҾ˼ֹϵ̸˵ŵÿЩ
˵ݰŽ˵ʱǰˣ̸۽ʱĺƣȻҲٲ˽֮ܺеһŵĶƷԲҪȵȡ
ٵҹϼŴȥ֮ʱȪĵһĽ뺣۵ʸ񣬵Ȼ֮ҲһҪǵлͱ֮һص֮Уȥˡ
ʱۣܿǰʱȥһգһ֮󣬽𣬱㳯Ƶ巽ȥ
һһȺɽۣƣмɼɣ˵Ƶˣ֮ء
һҪɽһ·ӽϿȻһʿһ߷ɹһߴ󺰵ߺˣ˽صأȥ򵱴̿۴ۣ


 뺣
ۣһüͷ΢壬ô̫ԵҲ£ͣ½ˡ
һݵˡһ˫۾Ķһһȵʲôˣפк飬£ȥ
һҲ˵ʲôȡһöүҵƣǰΪ£ͨһ
үֳһ˿֮ɫڴʱԶһݹ⣬ɽһֱϼߵ塣
ĵλȻߣæӭȥ嵭˵һʲôͷǣ˻±ȥˡ
ǰһֵľүţǰȥɣ
һԵ˵ͷһǰһ㳯ҷȥ죬û·һ·ɵһԺǰʾϼ֮ȥˡ
һÿԺţ㱻ϼӭ˽ȥ˷ֱ£̸Σһϼľ߰ɣ
һԣȻ֪ʲô˼˵ͷϼȥһƽ̨ϣЩӵڴˣ˵Щ˶ҵӵˡ
Щӵ֮ԼϼмƵģ곤ǸϼǰһͱȥǸ¶һ˿ЦƵ˵ܣοӵܲܲμӣһǻ˹ذ
⻰ϼһЦչصľˣЩĿȷʵ֪λǴľľҽľǰҲһˣȭŵȪɽķ粻ƽɽׯ̩δľȴ㹻ˡ
ϼĶһ˵ÿһƵ֮£ʱû˻˵Ŀһһۣصĺһ߿ˡ
ϼݵλӵ֮ȻҲͣһһһĽֳȴԵ˰
Ҫ֪ԪӤ֣м೯ӣһԪӤֳ֣೯ȴһϥ޶ŮȻһֶλߵľϼֵܡ
Ȼֵ֮УϴֲȴЩת䣻ӣ츳һ㣬ӻ飬̫Ϊ׺ݣϲ
ϼȻС츳ǼƶԶֳټоͷԣƹеĴ󲿷ʯٶ಻ûѣʱТʶȻСΪ֮УٶΪǰ;
ٹӣ˸үСʹӣԼĪʮ˵롣Щ˶ǽΪЩ̴ҲͰˣһȺүС⣬Ϣ鸡Ȼǹҩġûоǧպжٽȴǲ˵
ǣһ۴Ӷ˵һӾͽ㵽档
ʱһľګӶ֮ϣųȻԪӤˡ˵̬ȿ˶Ȼ֧֮һ೯ˡ
೯ҲЩֶֶŮĹֻǶϼֵܿ˿˳ſһһۡһƺҲûʲôܿԹڵһߡֱӼԦۣԼٶȳȥ
֮ϣ˷ֳֵΪסȻϼʵߵȴ࣬ӵܣһȻǵıڡΪһֱڵͷ졣
һȻϼһ𣬳ᣬԼֵͬܽýܸһؽã˼ȻǲСһϼƳ֣һ˫ӾͷŲˣȻŮֻм޳ȥһȴˡ
ЩС㣬һûһȤֻ䣬ûᡣϼ״Ҳֻǿʼϸ뺣֮
ûã͵ͣ˳濴ȥʮз죬忴ҪԶһ֡ȴҪŨҲɷ֮ͥơ
ϼ˵ǺȻ򣬵ʱ۳ԹһǹལƵⷽȽƽ˵ûгԹֻ֮೯죬һŮûֳϡ
ðսЩǹ˿񫣬ͣȻҲºݻԿµҪԷµӽ֮ࡣȻڽΣȴ֪
֮Ҳ£µ֮󣬺ƶһڴ󷨣ú϶ʱһһûһˮֱֱͨҲ֪УڣҲ֪ͨԶ
Ƭ̣һڼҵ˷ǹһ㣬׷׳гȥ
ϼҲһͷʾ⡣һȻ˼ϼһͬзȥɵϣһԨ洫֪ǽ뺣۵;һҲûеֿ˳ɿĳ·ȥ


 Ŵս
˲֪жԶһžٶȼǰһһˮǰ
ʱڼӵҲȺ֡ϼڲԶʱæͬ飬ȻҲ˻һһϼԱվ˵ӣȭšɽׯˡͬӵܣ£ƺȻʮˣڶ֮м㲻ȴҲһˡ
ӵܵĺ飬ͬСǿһҲκ˺мĿⷽһۣѸȥˡֻһЩһȥԿ岢ûʲôʶ
Դӵص֮һ֪ϢҪԣ⺣۶˵İʶʹǧ㷨Ҳ׼һʼ͵ɣһʼĬĬվ֮УԼϼҽЩԼվĶ顣
˵ļҺ˭˭ϣһĲɿȻ˴ȴûгϼȻΪ֮Уȴ࣬˼·֮֮˳˵Ļܿû˷ԣȻûȷԼӵݣٲȻڡ
˵⺣֮ӦǽĳԹȳԹƺ˸ҵ˼ı֮ϼ˳֪ڱĵطƺƵı˹ȥ
Ҫ˵ǵشﲩ⺣۾Ͳ亣֮۵ĳνֱǾ۱һıء⺣۳Ũﶼǿһϼ·ܿҵڡ
ض黨ݣֿʯǵЩһν뺣۵СүǣϲĴвѣȡһЩҲ̲סȡ
ֶ˲ͬнӿռ֣һƤҲһͬҶʣȴҲȡΪǵôȻСһĽӿռԵÿˡ
ʵʵĺôû˶ϼĴ˿ԡһ˺üĵط׬ʯ֮ϼԼ֪һĹսżȻΣգȴпйʱִսı
⻰Щúô˸뵽ԵõǰűֱӽżΣ֮Ժһ裬͵Ĵߴǰȥ
ϼǰ׵ˣȻżΣգȻԼȴû̫ꡣת˷򣬼һ·ȡŵرسżƹȥ˰գżڣȻһ޴ĺ׻ɽڡ
˵Ӧĵط۸ǼޱȡȻ֮ųôһ׻ɽ˴ˮ֮ڣ֮ѵõ֮ءһȺȴ֮ǰΪ̽Ѱǰű
ףǻɽϾȻһȱڣԼƣԲǽܹģԪӤֶһܹŪ˴ǹս֮һȭŵͼ϶ûУϢȻͨ
ϼǫֹˣĳǲʱõһŹǵͼ־Ȼҵĵͼ£ϸգŷмطȻҵͼҲûбǣŴ˴ҹû뵽ôһطҲǴҵ
ֹǫˣս֮ǰû̫֪Ȼ˲ٱһǽȥǴջ񣬶ȻҪлֲǡ粻ƽҲæ佱
ԽһԳһг
ϼûбһ佱Ūͷתѷлһս֮Ȼﲻ٣вҲеģȻᣬȴȻ˲ٹʱ飬ЩȻûеǰ˵Ҳǳôֶβܿơ
⻰ԾԾˣæԼֶζԸϼġ
ϼ״Ҳ֪˼㲻ٶ˵һԭ顣˷ú⣬Ȳıսȥˣϼҵһ
ЩүС׷ȥֺôˣ¶żɫϼݵλѹţû˭ҲҶǰȥ
ϼͶɽ֮У侲˵壬˼ȻбȻʲôƵأʲôڻȫ֣סλá
ԣ軨˫ۺԳһ˿˵ͷһүġ㲻˵ʲô
֮ϼֶԼһȺֵܽǺ˼䣬ȫֶ֮ſһľ׼ˣ
һһпУԷûбܻԼ֪ʾؽʼԼ΢΢һЦ̧һС˵ͷľĳ޳Ψз
⻰ϼ𵱳һμ棬һ¶һ֣־ʮһʦݣҪ˵㣬ǲܵģʱȻʧЦľ֣ҲˣĳȻ׼ˣǾͬаɣ
һСͷЦԸ
ϼҲһЦֻˣʱһʮȺ𣬻ɺ㳯ɽ·ȥ


һ ǰ
ΪսĻɽڣڱڲ˸ֵǹṥĺۼЩۼȻǧ꣬ϢԼڵɱ⣬ЩүСΪǵҩģĥȴȫЩɱһʱЩ
ȶԣһȺһȻһȺүСΧϢųһۺĽ𵤺Ϣɢʱ嵭˼־Զɱ⣬ЩСүһЩ
ϼЩܵȴǲͬһΪȻҲֻн𵤳ڣ˿ɱ⣬ͷǰ棬ӭźɱֻܿһԽĶѨ˽ȥ
һѨΪǵۼȻȻɣǺ죬ԶȻǹս֮ʱϢĵطֻǵ廹Ͳ֪ˡ
ɽҲĵطѨ֮гɼһЩҩͿأǰƷҪ߲٣һúüֲϣ޸档һ·ȡȥʮأһʯңʯ֮ɢʮʬǡ
ЩʬҲ壬ˡʶǽиУħʿȹʣȻϲѣħŷƿܵаСһ˶ɵһҲá
ѰһȴЩʧһЩǵջ⣬֮ǲƬȻǴսĹУ飬ʾս֮
һ·̽ȥַ˺üʯңһѰҲһЩҴ淨ЩȻԶܹҴƷǲͣͼǶƷһƷʲƷɵһүҵԵûϲѡ
һ߰˸ʯңÿ˶쵽һƺߵ˾ͷϼ˳һʯ㳯ʯѰȥʯûôõֻżм۰׹ǰˡ
˽һʱ䣬Ȼں֮вûЩүСķѾϼҲò˸ϢԼ岢һһͬ̽ȥ
̽˲Զһʯ֮ӿĺ˳һ˽һȻҪرĶ˵ͷʾ֮ͬǰһ룬ϼȥһ·̣֮ԽԽأͨǣмڹ˷
үСģ飡
һһӭȥ˫һһҸһ䵶֮ʮƹ⻪ȻһƷ
Щǹսɱݱɣǰ⼸ͷÿһͷƶļ֮ϣȻʣǻսʮͱ嵶⻯棬նն飬ջջҽмͱȴҲɼʵȷʵǿ
һԹۣλΪʵȽһÿ±СҲֻڲ٣ҲѹܳΪϼˡ
ϼȻҲʮַģǼͷһ¶һĵЦݣ㳯ȥ
Խߣ־ԽԽǿȻȴҲܵס飬ż©ϼһȻҲ֣ʩչֶ彫֮󣬼ǰȥ
˸ֽһȺʮʱ򣬺һƼЦ洫һīƮ˳
һ飬ɫҲ΢΢أΪģֻΪͷﵽ弶ˮ׼ӶԷЦͷ弶ˮ׼⣬ƺЩǣһԸ͸ˡ
ǣϼڵ壬ͷܹﵽ弶ȻǰԪӤһĴڣ˵þԪӤ棬ˣҲӲƴһԿסȡűߣҲ׷
⻰һǣ˻ϼЦĿ飬̧һףһƵɰɳ⻪һһƴ㽫ס
ȻЩǣȴû뵽ֶζԸס֮ѡƴȻǴֶΣȻŪø֨죬ɹ⻪ڣȻܹסһʱ䡣
ϼһߡȥһҲȥҲ֪ǲ弶Եɣһ·˳ûһͷ֡Ȼûжãһʯҡ
һʯҵǲƣȻһսɢҵĿݹǣȻһݵʬڵأȻʬȴһȻȴʵʵĴš
ϼһϲĿʬǣЦ̫ˣȻɣԪӤɡ


߶ ͻ
νɣ֮֮ľһĽ𵤡ѪԪӤһֵԪӤĺ֮࣬ʮѵõĶ
õôһõ𵤣ӣҲýɿԪ̥ʵġǵõԪӤȴʹá
ΪԪӤ𵤲ͬԪӤ֮ԳΪԪȡñǡһԪ˼𵤸ҪԪӤҪĲĻۣҪҪϴ⣬ﵽһԪľܹʽ̤ԪӤ
ҲˣȽһţӺԪӤ֮е⡣ҲԪӤɾͱȽһáǱֱϹ֮ʱ̫ϵԪ֮ҪԪӤˮ׼ƣԵɡ
ȻֱԪӤֻܵõ洿ۣھΪûֱӵáڽʿԣܹһöԪӤԵֵʮۡҲ͵ڽʡʮϰʱ䡣
бʱܣʮʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ͻƾ磬õӾԶԪ̶ܹ̤ߵľҲδ֪
ͬһ£ӵиۺǶĺôһܹԿٶƷҲۺٱԪйء
ΪԭһöԪӤɶڽ𵤸ޱȵԪӤһ֮ɱɱȡԪӤȡԪӤġʶԪӤôںֻܶһõԸˡ
ȻΣһöԪӤɰǰ˵ϼ壬Ǽһǰһ
ʱϼȻ˵壬һöԪӤȥȡɣ
⻰һȵҲһ㶣ү⡭
ϼҡҡͷˣǴСңϼмģᣬ͵ǳϼЩչ˰գ
˵ţϼתͷһľһöԪӤĳ壬ǰȻзԣ㾡ĳ㲻ȡ֪Ρ
һҲû뵽ϼԪӤóȥ˵øԼƷıֵʮʯȴ˵þˡ
ϼûһ˿٣һȻҪһöԪӤҲ֪ﲻǷĵط˵ͷĬˡ
ԪӤĹ屾ҪȴϼȴǼֻ֡ù˹֣ȻԲȴǱʾԼ˼ԪӤɷȥ
ԪӤ¹ش󣬱ҲСɵǰ˼һҪ̽ȡҪһöԪӤȻʱ仯ͻԪӤɾȻ͵͵ĳ˹ȥ
ȱ仯ʬ䡯һͻȻһԺСܿͷνʬ䲻һ긽ֻҪԾƽ⡣˵нСʬһ˵ʬ޲ִ֫󣬿Ľʬû˵
ϼȻҲû뵽һСġץһɽȥվһξ룬ҪԮȴǲ
Ȼһ̣Ͻĺôֳ֪˱ܲҲͲ˷˫һӣ䵶֣һʱȹгǱԪӤնȥ
˭֪ǿƺպյʬ屻ֱնΣžһأƺûСһ
£ϼͣҪǰѯǷ£ȴ峤ִ˫ŭ˭װŪٳݹϷ飡
⻰ϼͣ½ŲһĿ˿˷һҲȡСУͬʱʶͨͨʲôûз֡
û˳֣һЦ˫һϣ͵ĳԪӤǰڵķȥʱһԵĻ쵶ֱӳصס
һ̣һصװɵĵطһ죬֮һʲôһַ
رʮҵʱϼҲӦˣæ׼ֶΣҪһ̽оɱ
ǣʯҶһش̳˴˹ƵǲòȻһ˲䣬ùһЦһصĵشಷɱ˹
ȻΪش̣־ܴһ򣬵ƣϼ嶼ŭˣȵˣ㵽ʲôˣ֪Ƶ
⻰˲ûʲôͬҲ𻰡ֻǴõش̾飬쳾һɨգһδվڶ֮У볣˲ͬǣһͻ̵ĹףһŨڶ𣬾Ȼһ塣


 
ɫһݣϼҲЩÿ壡꣡
⻰һ㶼ûһԾһЦǾƵҰɣүһ峤үҵŰ
֣ϼɫѿ´˵һţļ֣ųƿʵĶСһϸµţ
ҲԷԼ˵ЦүǹСǷܸҹȽϣοʧһ࣬˵ˣԺҹΪʲôСʣСʲôġ
ȻԴ󣬵ϼȴÿ²ҪСĽ䱸ΨһȻװԾͷȴƵһͷܹС˱ȽϣҲţÿսѱ֮󣬳Ϊһս
˲𻰣Ҳŭ¸һЦһӣֲͷӦҵˣͣӦòˣǾܹעĵϼ˰ɣ
ϼԷգȻֻǽ𵤳ڣȴҲ̣ͷˣϼû뵽ȻͷֹܳżڴˣҲԵ֡Ƶһ岢⺣֮أⱻ˼˱ˡʹ˽ҹպҲһأ
˭֪ЦøϼΪȻһ㣬ڳҲ߯쿪ˣүҺòͳһ׵Ƶݵ˴գŽΪ㼸仨ܽҹô¸£ô׵顣
ʲôϼһ̧һһöʯһĹ֣ܣʵϣ弶Ŀӣм٣ôƭùҡ
˵ͷָǹǵȷʵƭ㣬ԴүҿʹһλǰĿ˳Ȼƭϼ
⻰ϼһתҲˣֻû뵽Էǹ壬ȴƻˡɫĳǹ㲢ûʲôڣ㴦Ļң֪Ϊ£
Цȷʵԩ޳𣬵ĳǵõϢǰһöƵܿ伣Ҹ߲Ҳ֪أ
á顯⼸֣ϼоһţ״û뵽Ϣͨ˱ҲȷʵƵֹǺ뺣Ϣ֮Ҳ֣ȴһ˱ȴѾʧˣ˺ҲȴûҵǹҪĳǰĪˡ
áڡ֣üͷһ壬Ķϼ˰ΣǴ⣬øĪ»˿ֱӽ»֮弶ؿʹȻһЩȴҲӳӤʡȱƤӵ¾ʧҲˣϼƹУߺߣ㵱ҹɵӲɣˣˣվⲻ˶֣ץס㣬˭ⱦվҪġ
˵ţ˵ԻĴ֮ץϴ̧һײһƷֱӳײ˹
ϼ״Ԧɽαˣһϼ㳯˹ȥͬʱ󺰵壬ľһ֣ɱ
ȻⲻһսҲϼһʹ˫׵⳯ɱ˹ȥһͷƣһųʮɫɳ㳯˹ȥͬʱȴûע⵽ĻԹϷɳʧ
ͬʱ֣Ҳû˿ĵӣĶ˫ɱȻһȻǵ˿û¶ƣм˼
ùͣȻԾȴҲңܿ㲼óһªϢҲռϷ֮УȻ󣬵ֵ࣬һ¶ֶͬʱʹʮԵΪ䡣
ǹҲһһ˲עȴûбס֪һһʶ㹦֮һҪƴɱϼӡ
Ȼϼˣŭһȥǣȴǽһת˫һ˹ȥ
һԤıּֿϼ赲һҲԳ֮ɫ̧һָǰʮ״Ĵ


 
ʱĹһ˫ϴһҹȥһһָŶ֮ķÿһŵıһȻը飬һʮȣʮ⻪һȻը
ʱʮը֮϶ΪһΪһǿޱȵıը˷бȥһʱ֮䣬⾭ǧ˪ʯҡȻгܲסը֮ļ󣬱һööʯѸٿ
ϼϷӦⱬըѾһ͹˰סȻϼȳһҲ֪ȱը֮пǾһҴʱɽʱҪнΪҲסɽ
϶֮ͣҲٲɣ𽣹㳯ȥȻڶ˸ոշɳҵһ̣һ˲ʯ׷ףܿͽˡ
ϼһѿҲ֪Ϊһ滹ΪûеõԪӤɣǱġ
ϽƺҲû뵽ϼæȰοүҲҪѹˣ⺣֮ȻдôȴҲдգľҲ֪£һȴȫǹҵǣһɱը㲻ҲҪˡȻץһκ֮Ҳ˼Σա
Ȱ˵ϼҲԿο˵ͷҲ˵ʲô̾һԦ㳯ӵڵĶҷȥ
һѨӰȴҲСǵȭţɽׯ׷̽ȴǲ֪׷ʲô£ֻϼˡѯһ֪ţһ׶༪٣ҲꡣϾһõ֣ЩҲһԴ
ǵû˵ǡܸҡʹһ֪֮һвˣͷҲΪϲܿصԵĶѨѰǰűȥˡ
ȴ˵ɽڵײһ֮УŽϴվʱûǰſϴֺƤҲҳѪۣȻһըҲЩơҪ˵жأȴһΪһԱʱ򣬱ȫȥܹ˴󲿷ֵ
ŭߺߵģ˵ʲôˣȻҪҪϴүңҳ־ô෨˵ƵһЩͷʦʲôľѵɡö˶һʦȻ˵ȻȴүһʮһԱʮʯأϧˡ
ʱһͻȻϧϧʮʮʯˣʮʯĳȻԸġ
⻰͵ŭ˭װŪٸүץ㣬С
װŪĳмڴˣȻһҵĿҾ͸һˡ
˵䣬һ̴ӹǰʮɴĵƮ𡣹״󾪣ȵ֮һ˫һҪҹȥ
˫ҪҵϵʱһͬǶҫǹĳճ֣˫ǰײһ𣬽𻨣Ȼƾе
ڵһ̳ϹޣѪȻµʮϡͨҲ紿һȴ֮һġǧ겻ţǱҲҴĳܹǿ
е˫־ȻЩ飬ܹϸƥУһµľ̶ȸſֻ֮ȴаҪһ£ŭһٴλӶ󴸳ҹȥ
ʱǳȴ΢΢һˣÿһ󽣹һһʮʮٽٽֳָ֮ʮӰһʱ䣬һ潣⽣Ӱǽڵڹǰ
ٴγԾˣʮĽ⽣Ӱÿһ⽣Ӱĸоɱһ潣ǽһ˫ϴվûҲȥ˫˺һɣֹʲôֶΣѵǴ˵еĽ޲ɣǺûĽޣ˵ʲôͷ
ڹʱ򣬽ǽ֮߳һûмԼЩϤĸоȻϢֻн𵤳ۡƥеһֺ뽣ǽӡ˲һ˭ˣָֻ˱Ŀùϲˡ
ȻԾҲ֣һӺȵ㵽ʲôˣװŪѵҵ²ɣ
ҵ£һҡҡͷͷǲԣѵˣ˵ҿǸʮʯķѵô˭ô


 Ϊ
ԣһ˫۵ɴʹһۣһŵĳֽϴָһ㣬ʦľ𣡡
һ΢΢ͷһĨγϢľ𣬶һ֣ٴλָ˱ĿͬʱЦľңȴľֻԼһݰˡ
һϢһͬ仯޷ֶξôˣܿͻعɻ㵽˭Ϊʲô׷кδ㣿
һ⣬һҲûвͣ΢΢һЦұһҵݣ㣬Ҳ֪˵Ҳ档Ϊʲô׷ǿԸ㡣ĳȱһͷ꣬Ϊ䣬úá
ʲôһû뵽Ȼ˸˵ҪԼ˻ֻнΪʱŭ˫һ裬һ޴ʮĽϣٲʲô⽣Ӱֱӳһ˹ȥ
һ״һЦһҲûʲôֶΣֻʮĽ⽣Ӱʱܳһɽǿǿӭǽϴ˹ȥǿʽ˲ײһ
ţΪ൱𵤺ڣŭȻסһĽ
⽣Ӱڽǰ׷ѣͷ԰Ϊһ廨ͷȻ⽣Ӱ࣬ȴֲһ˫ͭ
ոյʮʱһĴ촫һ͵Ľϳһϸϸƣʮ֮һƱӳһʮ֮һڶƳ֣ǵ̶һʱ䣬ŽԳ߲֮ɫȻܲơ
ڹԾѣҪעȵʱֻһơǽӲӵĽӦ飬⣬ɳϴС
һҲѹȣ̧һУ콣⽣ӰջǽУ΢΢һЦοǷˣǹԹĳҲΪ㣬պǳɾҵҲԼȮ첻ǣ
ɫʮѿһ⿴ֻн𵤳Ϊ壬ʵΪȫȣȫʢ֮ʱҲԵʤȱЩҪֲܶˡҪԹ԰ݷΪȴһǧһϡ
ʱһȰ˵ɫһݺݵ˵ˣݺңոҹһţպҪΪĴڣҲ裬ҪԣҸƴưɣ
˵䣬ֳֽϴ͵һŽϴʱ϶Ϊһ˫ץһöǿģǰǿƣƴһ㳯һ˹ȥ
һ״һһֳֽһʮɽļӳȫһͦӭŹɱȥ
һ˲䣬ȻŲһ٣ѽѽһ˫͵ĳһ˹ȥȴǽŷ漱ˣͬʱЦңҲ㳢һζɣϴұɣ
ֳڣϴʱͨ죬һɱըľƺһըʱҪһ㡣
ǰһԱʮƣҽϴȫһɣȾըǹԼҲұ֤ܹȫˡ
ڹĴЦ֮Уһǹһ˿صЦǵ֣ǽջأֻƳǽϴȥͬʱɽͨ𣬾ȻȫĽϴס
һĻȻԾһʱϴʱҪԱȻϣǼֱɱ졣ܿ죬ǰĳùáŶһһҲղ
ԭһֽӽϴ㽫һɫĶ˹ȥ֮ۼĽϴȻͣ¼۱ը֮һǿڷɿֹ˵һʲôһɫַɳϴϣȻԭıը֮˵ɢˡ
˵Ȼǹ壬ȴǹ֮ѵõߣ˵ǽƻ֮ҪϢͨʶĹ㲩뾭Ӫϼ⡣Ҳһƽϼƭͼ顣
һϼֵ뱲֪ˣǡһľٵϬĽֹԱֶΡɵöЩľˡ
Ȼ׼Աϴӡо׷ʲôȴ֪һ飬ǾǴʱٲߣ׶༪٣㲻˶Է³Ҳ̫á
뵽˴ɻȴԥһͷȥҪʩչһͨܡ
һͷײϵʱ򣬴ʩչ֮ͨʱĵ棬ξȻҲԣǽ˸һ㣬档


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һͷײڵ棬ȴײ˻֮¾һҲҪЩͷͷӲȴҲɳʹʱҲܲͨǲͨˣһʩչôֶΣʲôѵǴ˵еáָسɸ֡
⻰ͬʱʹˡ౦ľ͡ʶֶͨͨסϴԱһȴҲרĽɨβǰȻֶζԸԱԸȴǵһΡõǹͳӡͨһܹõ
һ𻰣Ҳ˼תֿ֮ȴǷ˳ûɱһ뷨ŭһҪɽĳڳȥ
ʱһЦһԴһСŮЦͷڹñŶ˵ġߡʲôָسɸ֡ҪҪС׽һأǱ
һһѾЩɹˣЦæѰңʶ̽ղͷϿһСŮһϣһЦʲôȥ˸ۣͷ
ξһСŮϽٿɰʱĿɰڹȴͬ˹һ㡣ΪСŮϵϢǿԱƽˮ׼ǣԷȻܹ֪۽ɱ˵ͷ­Ͳֱۣӵˡ
˼ָ㵽ʲôˣΪʲôҪԸҹ
һЦ˭ˣǵŮС׽ã㣬ߣó֣ǵҪһͷʲôġҲ֪ΪʲôҪͷ󱿹꣬ĺˡ
˵䣬ҫһַ̧ų˵ͷԾ֮󣬾Ȼ漣Ļظˣһ֮ﵽᵤڣʱų߰ɳһĵƬͬͷȴǹԹԵĲҶ
ȻûмԣҲ֪ԼǰһͷѪļһֻû뵽ȻԹԵΪûһ㷴˼뵽˵ʲôŮĹϵʱֻԴһΣͷд򶯣һӵô£ǹﲻô
ƹƣն˳ֱУк뵽һʲôС׽㡯ڲ࣬ƺǸǿĴڣ;ЩͷһеģһҵжˣҪɱҪоٶ֣زʲô£
⻰һЦǿɵһ㣬ΣһͬŮø꣬ѪҲ֣ȻҪҳҾͳһͷЩʲô°ɣ
˵䣬һ廷һȹѣ֮ͬ˵ŮӴӶڷ˽С˭ˡСҲԼݣϢ˳һѪϵѹȶʱһѹͬһ㡣
һϵĴ˵֪νҲϹһĴڡС׸ܹѹȣ˵ٶԷϵѪԼһѪӴֻ֪ǣСײѪѪ
Ҳһţվ»ûɥʧģڿСһɫСߵʱȴЩҡˡԾĴСʣ
һȣСС߶һС׼״һյĹԣǲҪѼһҲãͼһɣվҪΪͬ³ġ
˵ţСһ֣ɫС䵽ϣһϹһҫȻָǵСʡʱûеյţһĳСףһ񣬶ų˹ȥ
һֵ˵Сʣôܣ˵㱻˽ٳ֣ʶôãûҵ㣬ôΪˣ
⻰Сǹһ˿Ц֣ﺣҲѵõĶ֣Ѿ鸽ˣٲǵʲôСʡڵЩķϣҲȰֻǹ鸽˰ɣȻɣȴҲôһʧġ
ôʲôôһæʵ
Сҡҡͷһ䡰ԾڴˣֺΪ֮ǣҡһ䣬ɻС߻صСֱȥˡ
ȫ߸˹뷨С˵ʲôôȻǰŰɣ¹ɣȴš
ʱһô


 
ʱһѾǽϴƷɻ˽ϴץУ輸£üͷ΢壬ƺԹһ׷Щӡ
һѾָʱһľأټСʣǾ͸һˡսսԪӤ˶пܣ˵ԸһССĽᵤˡ
һĻȻģеζȴ׻شΪһش𣬾ɹȴˡ
һҲûдֻǽڽϴϻ˼£̶Ľ֮󣬽ϴûһˡ
һԽϴĲʵǲͨ죬֮أҲһƵĽ̫һЩȻƷƷֻӳ屶¶ƷԲҲܼӳʮأһһʦһԴû
Ĺ⻰ʱǰһʦҪһϺõϣһǧռϺòϣֻҪϷңó˺ۣҾ;Σ
⽻ףһǺһЦһԽϴһĨ㺮ǵǽЦһʦô
һ㶣һֻƻĹ꣬һ¶֮ΪﻹаʦɣǰһľΣ뵽һһʲôֶμװֶܹΣ֪ȡɵ뷨ȴǲˡ
ڹʵ޷ʱһڵˣһԣֻҪӮˣҾͷ㡣ˣ͹ԹԵĸԵ飬ȨҡΣ
ţû뵽ʱһȻһᣬȻΣҲһᣬʧˣԼҪҲûʲôԼ
ãҹʹӦԼȻҪˣҾˣ˵ţȻԲѵĽָָ
ùѡһǹһ˿صЦݣǹЦСҲ¶һ˿Цʱһϵĸоڵ⣬ȴ벻
ǺãԣҲ㣬˵˵ҪʲôɣҪأȻǱΪߵͣǾͲҪ˵ֱӽնɱ˻Щ
һһ㵣ĵ˼ûУʱһ㶣˼˺һƤҪС
ţ⻰ֵһסˣ޳ܵģȴûô޳ܵġǹôߣѪԼΪ̬ҲҪӳˡɽֿͨܵȻԲѵҪǻˣ˵õ
һΪ޳ܸе漣ȴһ㲻һЦãͱص
Ȼ˵ڣȴûһӦôɴĴӦǲԼ⡣ȷûټС첲СһĦȭƵӣȴɵһԼϵĸо
ģѵǽԽϣԽСȻӦҸСѾͷһʲôµģСѾͷһǷһģʲôޣôٱ̬Ҵ󡣶ҾҴΣÿʵߵͣҴԽԵʱץסСѾͷҪЮǷҡ
һУ͵һԵķʽһڵȻҪܸܲһɣǸһ㹻صööԷþ٣ٲı䡣
һ˵ڣûиı˼Ǵ۾һת뵽ʲôһЦȻгӡǹȴεķ֣ԼصķѾһȡȻҲᣬȴһ
ܿȡһöתıĶֳֻһϣճһӽĽ
˭һʵ
ѾͷһЦҪҪͷ꿴˵ţǰޣֻСץǽ飬ȫһСǵͨ죬ȴɰ᲻
ͷ󶨣ɫһϲЦСѾͷҪұ㻹ԶأĶùӮߣϹ껹أ
⻰СѾͷһЦģһ̧һףǱ鳯˹ȥ
ⱦɹ̽־ץУҪʾԼʤʱоһһɾ͵Ľ˫ֳ·ѹȥ
ͷһæ˫ֽⱦͬ״ʱһɸѹͬʱ鶸ȻһǣִСչֳϸϸȥһⰻȻĹö鲻ˮĸʲô


߰ ȡ
ˮĸų֮󣬱ǧڽۡʱס˵һӾͽͷڹѹ¡ˣʱҲضѹһ㡣
һЦߣڹ꣬ڹ꣬ȻŪôصö󣬻ЦߺߣҲѹ
˵ţȻһ˿ʱǱɽˮĸ¶һȵĵȾͳܲסˣžľȥû˹Ľףǿͣ
ðβžۼһЪ˹ĺе㵽ʲôֶΣѾͷٷңүԸԱȫ汳ģ
СӣӲǹģ˵ûһ֣鼱ֻ֮뵽вȴ뵽Ѿͷһס
ðⱿڹ꣬ȻңҲÿͰѹڹʱʶ
ߺߵĻ˻֣ջһˮĸ徹ȻȻһȦҲǿһùҽűֱѹ棬ֻ¶һͷ˫ȴкûˣֻܵ۾Ϲߺߡ
ǱЦֱͣŹһϣ죬һšͷͨ죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴûжһ˵
һ״ҲֹҲ֪ʵȴʵǹƶˣǲһ¸ˣˮܣߣ˵һҪ췴
㣬ˮĸѹ˰ʱ䣬ԼùͷĦ˫ֶȻҪˡ
ʱһϢƺǵȼͰһ㣬һȵıϢû뵽ȻҪѡԱһС
һ״ȴҲţһЦйȻץסɾͲˣҪôΪҵҪôϣȴûеѡ񡣡
Ҳ֪ûһĻֻǽϵȼﵽҪԱ
һһתͷˣҲ˰ɣͷڹЩôɲˣ㽫սɣ
һѹˣɵĵ˵ͷһЦСһץһᣬѹ;еĹȻһƹֱӱˮĸ˽ȥ
߰ɣҲȥϿոͷڹ꣬дô
˵䣬һС׺һͬȥ˷֮󣬸ʱһΪɳһ䵽ȥˡʱ˽õο¾²ЩȴҲҲԼһˡ
ȴ˵ԱȴǺѹһûзӦ㱻һ𣬺ƾһ֮С
һȻԲƣȴһӹ϶ԶϢϺϵŸޣޣ޵ÿһЩƺʱҪһ㡣
һһͷӶṆִ̀ͭͷڹꡣ˲ɵһⲻôԼģһѪϢǵ֮дƾõζƺһ㡣
⵽ʲôطôô󣡡Ҳ
ʱһС׻Ӵ˽һЦҵͷ󱿹꣬ﻹҳôǲǻԱըٱһԣ
⻰æתȴǾ㵵ķԭۻȻһ㶼ӲԽ˶ԽһĸоЩתҪԭεĸо
ǰһ̻һȴ⣬ԼϣжʱԳȻʵǵʲôˣ⵽ʲôط
󱿹ʵһЦ󱿹꣬ŶĹרѱֱ꣬ʲôСҲﱻѱŶˣһɣһ²Ŷ
ѱСʣһ̧ͷһ־ޱȵı鿴ǰѵѵʮǰˮĸѵˮĸ˲ɣ
û뵽˳һЦ󱿹ԭô¶ˣˮĸʦ´ӣ󱿹꣬Ϲ˳ô
²õȷϣȴûа㻶ϲЦˮĸʮ꣬Ǻ󶼲ǵһ֧Уλд˳֣ҸѵǵʮӵĴùɣ
ǲϹ˳תͷ˿һһ˵ͷСѾͷ¶һЦ̧һӣڤڤһ𣬻ʮɫһϣֱȥˡ


߾ ֱָű
һ֮ɽ֮ٴֳһ⻪ɳһˣֻǰͬǣվһͷ̵ִĴ걳ϡ
ͷɷԲɵطûиִ̣ȴǲ˸·ԳһֹϵϢȻԣĹ걳ȴвͬЦãǱߴСȭͷ죬Ťͷһͷ󱿹굹ƽĺԺһЩ̫һ㡣
һȻʧЦҡҡͷҲûд𻰣ǿڶҴһƪѧˣ
⻰ǴĹͷһԳһǹԭһ֮ǰս֮УȻأСȰ˵һǾǰܶණͨЩ
뵽һһȺˣСѾͷˮĸˣˮĸΪ֤СһѪԶѰպȻǷǷ֮һǿ͸ŮһΪףԼһϢͳǿĽ˾㲻ǿŮҲȻ
ȻڼţҲ֪ڡΪѪ͹ԭһܹ弶ԵﵽǶˡǸǱ޵˵÷һֻԵպʵˮǴߵĿҲǴеġ
ʶͷ꣬ͨйؽڣ֪ԼԹԽĺãոԸĽĽƣԭΣΪһĽ
Ϊ֮һҲ˴֮ǹöԷȻ֮ȴǴֲڣ󷽵Ľڸ
һѯʣΪҪУԼֺŵͷˣСǵѧᣬִСıͨศɣʩչԪӤ˶
һĵ˵ͷãһɽսṩҵģбϸ˵һ˵˼Щʲô
⻰˵ͷ˵һͷ꿴׾ڳȴѵõ˼άҲΪȽѾ˵ñ˵һؽԪӤıŽһЩСأǲ²˵˳
ϼ̽ԼԼϢԴЩһ㣬һҲͷҪոԭ֮һ
ȤȻԪӤһűӹѾ֪ñУԪӤűĴٶһöԪӤȼĴڡ򵥵һǰϼѰֻȴǱȵǣԪӤȡߡֻȴ䵽һаˡ
Ȼ֪ԪӤűĴڣһ̻˹·ҲԼλðˣһʩչ֮ƹͬϵһˣһ̣ͬȥˡ
ûãһ˱һɽ֮СһɽǰĶͬȻɽڻɽڱڣһɹɷ֮ɹ磬ǷڴˣֱӴù⾡ڳǽ𵤸֣ǷǿȴҲûʲô⡣
һûпڣ˵ˣ˴ӦһħڣСǰ̽ãħӦר֮ħȻ֪ȴֻأһ۳һĴڡǰħǰ䣬ǰԪӤ¶ȴǿ࣬СȻרһЩɻǵķҲԸã򡭡
⻰һ˼ЩԪӤűһ㶼Σաһ弶飬ǵ£ϼԪӤƵסҪöһܽ롣һ壬ǿħݣһ𵤸ָһȻ֪ȴڣȴٳûȡñع飬Եɡ
һ𻰣æȻͷħȻȴҲס˵ܣСķȻȴҲܾౡ֮ġ
һ΢΢һЦҲ˵ʲôֻǳһ˦ǽ׹ֱҲ۶ֱ߳ǰȥ֮⽣ڱڿ
ΪһҪǰһһºȡñû뵽Ȼĵĳȥ
Ȼ·ϸС˳Щ鲻壬壬ʱƱʲôˣ¶ľͳһ˳
ֽСɢ¶һԼáʱһûзӦĽһЩļСֱӱС
ĿһĻҪ˵նɱЩ飬Ҳܹ˳ɣý֮У龹Ȼ׷¶Ȼת˲ͱոޱˡһǰһȻֶֹһ˫ϴԱĳʱףصĶҪǿܶࡣ
һǰʮոȺС֮һĺХ洫ͼ˺ںɫ飬ǿƮ˳ǰ档


߰ Ĺ
һԳһֻͬǰ߲ĺںɫԵޱȣʱһЦ´һСɨɨȥ¸µððþöûѪʳˣһǧ껹ǧ꣬ĹҿҪúƷһ°
Ĺ棡ŹͷһæˣĹǧǰһħޣһ񣬱һԪӤ֣ڤ棬ֻһǰʧҲ֪
áڤ桯ĸ֣һһ㶣СһۣͷĹ滯飬Цԩ·խû뵽СģҪϵģãһ£ʦиǡ
⻰һתһ룬һ˵ҪڼˮĸɱһԪӤֻ֡벻ʱȻ֮ͷβһһ˳ѡ
ĹȻֻʣ壬ΪħԵʣѪֶαʶΪǧϹȻ֪飬һεĻȴҲ³˼ȻԼµĺ۸
Ȼ飬ΪʦݣҲŭһСӣôӣȻҶԸ£ð滹׼һ˿꣬Ϊһ㶼ˣȫ˰ɣ
˵䣬ĹɻԼΪԪӤֵݣֱӳһ˹ȥ
֪Լĵʱˣæһɣһɫ͸بĹǰͬʱһɫĳڱϣȻԼпá
Ĺһͷ弶ǰȴֻеһãǱֱӾһöûУƺһ㣬Ĺһ
ſԿϹһʱ䣬öԷͣ˵Լȫʢ֮ʱ¶ֵܵסʶһ汻ͻƣæ󺰵Ϲٳ֣С쵲סˣ
¸¡һͷС꣬һޣҲ˵ˣɱСҲŪһϢû뵽һ徹ȻͶ嵱ޣҲҪ˭ҲȲǣѪ⣬һ˿ǣ͵ǰǺú
ĹٴץƼڣֱ˵ǰһ˵ϣ˵һѪҪɣŵȥٶ֮죬⿴ǵһ㲻
˰֣Сĵסٲֻˣ
¸¡û뵽ͷС꾹ȻٶȣѪҲŨǴ󲹰˵þ֮ʹЩʲôˣŵöҶ
ĹʱȻһè׽̧ץÿÿһץУȴҪˮӿÿǱӿʱּĹ¸¼Ц
һһ꣬һ׷һӣ׷һʱ䣬ϹҲ湻ˣ¸һЦγһͬĻһֱһֿͣȫȴҲ㲻Ҫͷʩչ֮
û뵽ǣһסֻģҪӶݵͷʱͬʱһҽдϿմĹǳ˵ʱһٴλһСŶȥ
ˣҲǱԼģͽˣ
һУǰһϷǵϬޱȵĳһãֱӿտ˫ֱ㳯Ĺ˹ȥ
ѵҪɣԣȻΪߣʵ֮ǿȴҲȲãֶΣǻۣġ
һߵĹʮɵĵطͣʱһŵĹ澹ȻչȻһ˿Ȼû̫ܵ˺ԭϹһȴû뵽պͣʮ֮⣬ء
˼ʶƣĹ浹Ҳ¸һЦСɵһҵĴУ㴿ѵǾڲɣ
ǵս֮󣬷չļ֮һɵӪԴֶγڤϹҲ̳Թ˼ĸӣҲ֪Բдһʡ
һȻǾڵĵӣҲмشĹħ⣬ҡͷЦ㻹ţ˵һ㼸֣㲻һͷһֻ飬ʲôݣʲôţûʸ֪ˡǰ۸ҵͦģ˵ֶΣܲܽϹٴһΣͽʲô
Ĺû뵽һӣ⻰˵Ѿ˶ҪٱһΣѽѽһ㳯һȥ
һ״һִ̧һɫӡһһߴת֡


߰һ ת
Сת
һ̧һ㣬תֺƵתųʮɫĺ⣬ԳһЩ濴壬һ˵ȴǾ΢ˣǰĹ档
Ĺ汾ֱӽһɱתֿȥȻһӱƵĹʺͻסȻҪ
ת֮еĳ棬ƺǸĹϲ£ĹҲŸ¸´Цһȴһ磬ĹѽҽУȻĪһĹһŭҴܡ
Ĺ澹Ի˵Ŵ죬СҲһָһʲôõĵ˵ͷΨϲĿǹɭɭļһﱻԼҵתæֽкòѡ
һ⡮Сתһơഫһ˲䣬Ὣһľ飬ȫһ飬еϲŭ£ŹƽĵȥСתǿдȡơʽٴξһ飬ڹ֮н̻ȻԷΪԼͽԹԹ˳
һķΪֻгڣǷ⡮Сת죬ҲܿƽһĴڡĹȻԪӤһʵȴ֮壬ȻԱֱӹҲӡ޴ɲصȱ㡣
ϷѾ겻һˣĹٸߵļʶҲ֪ССתȷͨڡһʩչǵӡֱ㶵ĶſʱСתǣ
תٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ࣬תֳȡԽԽļ䣬ҲԽһо̨֮УᱦϣǡСתȻ˼֡ͷһתԭˣСתԽǿ˿һԽʩչԽǿͨˣ
ʱȥ㣬תϳֵĹԽԽǿȻǴﵽĺˮ׼ˡûжúһ֮Уһںڽͻأ֣žһһȻֱӺ顣
ʲôǿ󣬲ãջת֣ͨ𣡡һ̧һУתֺСһֱջüȥˡ
СתջأĹٴα䵽ϹһȦʱĹȴǰͬϺڶɫ֮оȻ˿˿⣬ȻڡСתʩչĹ֮УȻһЩ
Լϵı仯ĹԳ֮ɫѽѽһСʩչʲôֶΣȻס棬ٽȥ滹һʬΣѪʳ
ȻΪ⣬ˡСתʩչһͻֶζԸϹϹ֮ǿиɣʱЦһħϹµ㻹ţҲֹҪ㣬Ҫո㣬ҷɣ
˵䣬һһָüģһ飬ʱһһ׶ɫ⻪ϡǺɫһŻ棬𡣶ǰɫһȴ֭һˮΣ˵⾳һˮĸ֮нˮĸֶκۼһͨ䡯
⡮䡯롮䡯ԣ޲ʵֶΣʩչظأϼѵľֶΣǾ˵ҩȻһΪˮ׼֮£ֻҪֻǺķʱ䳤бˡ
һһˮͨȻˣԴǷŹиϵͬʱʹӦЧȻһݹֿܣ״ʹãҪһԵθ
νһҧʮ¾ĹȻǿʱʮֻܷӳ߳ɣټһһһˮͨʲô죬ͷȻ⣬Ҫȱߡ
ʱߣһȴϷˣúڰˮɫ͵һǣ⻪ҪĹ档Ĺ汻ζû˲٣ӲڰˮĹֻæתħһһצסˮ𹥻
һһдʣϰٽķ׷׷ɳɵֱֵĹϽ֮Сʱ䣬ĹһҽУħצȻ⻪һľɢѪ
϶ڰˮ͵ľͲһ㣬ֱӲĹϡϹԸŽֶΣҪˮ֮ʱȴˣʲôֶΣǱջΪྻ𣬱Ǳ֮ˮڻ¶
תۼ䣬ڵĵطյƤһѪյû뾻𣬻ɢ֮ˮĵطǱϴһ㣬͸ûʲôаϢˮãƬ̣Ĺ㱻ϴ˴Ƭط
⿴ƾḶ́ĹȴĥѽһֱӹڵأطҪˮ𡣲ͨ˵á
һĿһУҲ̾ˮ𹲼ùȻϹط˼һתڵϹ֪ô


߰˶ ոϹ
Ĺ۵۴УΪҪˡ⻰֪һΪħ֮ˣΪ˻þһ㣬ˣΪޣΪ˻ﻹʲôڣͷеˣɣСڰ棬ŶС֪С˰ɣ
һҲû뵽ϹûڣҲֵɣҪʩչֶոϹͷһתһ£һȻ֪ˣҾ͸һᣬң֮һɫ󽣵ʲôֻҪʵңҾһ
⻰оˮ֮һ֣ĹǹƻЦݣ̧צҪˮ֮ץȥһϵһ䡯ʮ飬ǧڰˮ֮У͵һĹֱ۵ײ
һʮΣһͣۿĹ棬˵ϹˣУҪɻҳʵˣ
Ĺ⻰һߺʹһߴе˰С˲ҲСİɣСʵһʵʵĸߴˣʲӺɫ󽣰
Ǻã˵а㻨Уֱӻһȥɣ
ңңСҲСһ˵ҪɱСˣС˼尾˼ǧ꣬װ
һһٷϻ˵
˵˵С˵ʲӺڽС˵ոմﵽħڵʱ򣬴һһһĵطģʱһڣС˴һһ󽣻ӿʱС˾ͱ˹ȥ󡭡˵Ĺ͵һһۣŵС˾ˣҲûиҹȥ
һ˫һУǹһ˿Ц⣬ڣ󽣣ߣøϹȻңããǲ˵ʵ˵ţ̧һ㣬ڰˮһǣͽĹûˡ
˰С˶췢ģ˵ʵ
ߣʵǾͶȻˣʱ˵ѵɣ
˵˵ʱһȡһǼʯͷ氡СûаԣҲûа䱣
⻰һһЦ˵ͷãȻˣɣ
Ĺħоϵˮ˴룬ĵʱ򣬱һͬյĽɫԼϸȥһƬҶӣҶͬһ㣬˺ЩأرĸʵĽɫӰĸӰòͬϢȻԪӤ
ĹħоãýֱֱԼһʱ䣬Ȼʹ֪Լ˵ʱеСҰ
һԹһЦֻ˵һҲǹһĴڣһǻǣҲûɱ㣬ˣƭ㣬ˣ㻹ǹԹԵĽȥɣ
һ䣬Ҷ֮еĽֱӽϹȥˡһΣҶԪӤӰֱӽ𣬲һʱ̣ĹħҲֿͬλϣӰ
һʱ֮䣬µ֮ϿʮһʮʮƬҶͬʱط֮УҮʶͨһ˿⻪һصͨȻҿһ˿ɴԼģһԺиһЩӰֻԹ̫죬Ŷû壬ֻһ˿оȴһӰպȻʮҪ
һӰŹּʵ˼֣ûܴﵽԲ
һҲżһ֣ŹͻͽȻܶΣԼһֱȥȻ⡣ŹôЩ꣬ɵֶθȥ˼֪֡ŹӦһƽ׶ΣʱһȻһɳ죬˵ܳΪԼǿֶ
½Ĺ棬һֻɲصϣĴ㶵Ĺǰʱ
ŵסг𾪣ȴһ˿ңԼûӲǸˡһһعʱѾûĹ浲·Ҳһɽ·ֱת֮תۼĹڵĵط
һصʬǣ壬嶼УΨĹħ룬ȻɿݣȴԼЩѪɫȻһѪʳԵʡ
һһֽʬɨһߣзֵǮĶĹħǰ̧һһöѪɫȭͷСӨ͸ϡ
ôѪĹħʦͽĺƷʻҪһ
һ䣬Ĺħǹ֮ҲǲĺڸˣֽһԵʬȥʱһǰֻʣһʯͷĹħرʯͷ


߰ 
ҿ
һһӣʮɽͬжһ㣬ʯ֮Сֻáһɢվɽʯгɡ顯ɢһءһɫ̽䵽ϡ
ףȻ㣡
һ̽һĨȡڶɫ̽ǵɱ֮Ĺ̽̽ǵ𵤴ɣɷн̲Ψһ̽ǽ
ʱһ̽ЩΣθӦûһƣģʱ͸һɱѪζѰħҪֻ벻ͨǣˣҲֵһĺڵħͷ֮ղ
һ뵽ǡСת¶һɫ棬Ȼˡһ㲻ҿҲҪúġ
̽һһо֮ϵȻ̽һ׷ҲȻϵͬһֶ֣֮ͬơֻһ̽鶼ɲװˡ
ˣˣ벻ͨҲȥ룬Ժ˵ûռ̽˵øĽͼһ㣬ռһЩܷˡ
ⷬ˼£뵽ĵطҪ̽ѰҲͣ˹ֱӽת뿪ˡ
뿪֮һûȥ̽طȥһطת֮ͱҶɥʧǵ£֮ҡСתҲٴν֮ҮʶͨҲҿһ˿ɴŹٴССһء
һλ֪ǡСתãϲͬʱȴֱǰȥűڡ
űڣչ˵ĹڸΣգڻɽҽ֮£һԹԪӤʿȻûн껯֮࣬һڣ顣
ν飬֮Ԫ֮еĻԪۣ⣬ҪдԵһǻۣΪĴڡһ㣬ˮ֮еı飬ʮǰˮĸˮ顣
λԪӤ֣ǵһǵĻԱͷȥԪԣ⹦ԼɽڵĻת˰顣
˵λǰȻɹתɰ飬ⲻǴɥ֮ԸΣգȴΪһΪھĴڣԼͲѰֶοơ
˵ˮ˻Ǿ͸Цɽн޵ĻѰˮԪӤ¶Ҫ£˵һȺ𵤼Ĵˡ
һһȴǲ£ССת䡯ͻҶֱ壻С׵תˮܹ֮ƶԷ߶ʮǿơȴСѾͷ
Ϊٰı飬ּ̳ˮĸĵͳȫȫܹˮ˻𡣻һˮĸ֮гȡˮ±ӽİɽȡҪĳްȻһЩΪĿһСףСʵһԣôܽ
ȻҽѨ֮ҵͷ飬СѾͷȻͲ󣬵ʦţ־ͳֶΣȻ鶷÷ˮһʱ֮䲻ʤ
Ȼ̽䵽·磬һ˹Сʳ֣һﶼˮ븱ϵ¾ȻҲܷһˮͷſͷһ㳩Ļһʱ֮˾Ȼٴǰƽ֡
̳˻ԺƢ쳣ҹ֮󣬱ҪΪ¶ֶΡ϶һѰ˻ᣬСתʩչһӾͽס
һ֡ơ֮󣬰Ȼָ˼ǣҲһȻС룬İһǧɡСʣǻˮ㣬һͷò׻ָǵİήҲ
Ȼһʰо֣ҶһͷУǻˡ
һöԪӤ֮һһطȻѵõЩ£ǵֲסһƣ˱㳯һطȥ
ػһط֮һΪιܹ֪һսˡԭһرͷ
չ˵ͷүүһһһԣĻ˵Ǻϼ˫޵ĵ¡˵ǧǰͷ깦óϻ֮ԸѰͬȫԶġ
֮䣬ȴǱ弸λơǶ˼汳ġ֮󣬶Ϊʱ̫أΪϼ˫޷֮Ȼǳ飬νײϡһǰѰҲɱ˺Щ


߰ ʬʬ
ǰͷϢ飬һ֣ȴˣСһ֮룬Ӧʡ
һͣ˵ǡ
ͷС鸽ˣ繦δмҪȻλһǰ˳ָֻ֮󣬸СһᣬȰǹ鸽ˣ̫ͷ
һüͷ΢壬˵ͷã͸ᣬֻһΣڤ粻飬ҲˣģҲЩħͷҲܱӡ
лѣȻû֮ǰһ䷢ʲôĵȴǶһ˶һ֡
ȻӦһҲϻСףСѹơԼ˿ӣתСת걾ͱãͷ꾭ͬ㻨㹦򣬲ʩչꡮСתָͷǡ
Ȼָ֮ͷù֣ûмæ֡һͷԼﱻΪŭѣ͸¶һ˵ֶΣ֮ͷĬˡ
һչʾһˮĸԼֽҶȡʱͷסԥǷҪ
ʱһû¶ֶεС׺ڵҲѵãǲԸͷһط»ֻӴ޴󣬾ųɾҪɢֻؿܡ
ÿػͷ걾ϲÿҪɢԥͷ¾С״ֶΡ
С׽СʬȴǽԭƳɿһֶΡֻһб˼Ҫܶ࣬ǣҲҪһϣֻҪܽ޲ãǿע飬ܳΪʬһĿ
ͷһԼʬڡͷ겻ѪȻϡǧȴûһ㸯ࡣС׹۲һϵ֮ʩչһЩطҽͷʬˮĸ͸Ȫ޸
һʩչͷ꽻ӡ֮󣬱С׵ֶνԼ֮Уȴгһʬ޸ֿؼա
һԣͷ弶ĽʬмֵȻûʲôġһڣλˣĶһϴһء
ɽսĴűһУ㣬ѯʹ֮󣬵֪һ֮أоųɾһλ弶ĵط
ڸ֣Ǳȴ֮жǽ³ϡȵ˷׷ױչأʱ򣬱Ƕ˴Ȼһλ֣ɼս֮ҡ
һȡĴԪӤűĴ֮£ҪһűڡݣһطǰĶҶԣ˴ԻǽΣɼҵ˼ӡ
ո̤ʯ棬һоһǿޱȵʶԼ̽
¸¸£ððþûˣûнʳˣοҪһǰ
һУֱħͷһҪתֶεֵԷħʱǰŸ֨򿪣һۣͷڣĸߴ󣬳ϵ˳
һһ۱㿴ԷһûУһҲһ飬Ƕ˵ѶԸĽʬһһû뵽ԼʬһĽʬֶ֮ʩչҲնɱ
ϣߣ
ʬЦߵˣ뱾ʱݣҶסɣ
һһڣתȥȴȲʬ̧־ʹһ档ֶȻֲڣȲָسɸֵͨıߣΪȵزҲ˵ãһαüӲޱȣݲߣ˶˻
Ҷ֣Сת䣬䣬һһͨʩչ
ˮסڤ֮ɱС׼ƲҲæ֡
ߣ̲ߣ绽ꡭѾͷҲΣʱ̣һʮ߷
Сʺ͹״ҲûƵýֶʩչʬɱȥ
˵ˮ׼硣ֶٸҲһ裬Ҫɱȴǲܵġ
ʬЩۣǡСתȻһӡʧʮֲˬŭһЩҳӣҷңʾ֪ʲôо֮ŭʬ򣡡
һʬһӣðʿӰֳ˷˹֮أ֮ǿǷǿĹҲͷǺ
ʱһﻹҲҴüһ㣬ٴνҶȡ˳һУʿһңʬҲյЩۣæһ
һнһæע뱴Ҷ֮Уʱ㣬ǸոӦӲʬյ˼ݵҲɢ˼֡


߰ ʬ
ʬûϵһȺСһﾹȻֶΣһʱȻƵˣŭҳӰҪţɱ壬סǣܰ
ϽʬҪֵס⣬һﻹҳɣ֮УĶӡķתʱһƴԶľֱӴ棬ֱۣ䵽һǰһС߰ɷ׵⡣
һⲻǷ׵׵磬ףһɽٵĸԼĪľ飬ӡӡ֮ĥٴֻ֮Īʩչ֮һԵ˲١ڴʱ˿̣һ֮Ѿ㹻ˡ
һ̧һץ׵קȥֱǽ֮УͬʱɷҲ˽ɷ֮עǽСһʱ䣬ǿǽ϶ΪһŽǽƹĴߵͬǣҫޱȡ
ٽ⣬ֻǧƣ
һһǿֶʩչһɻͻ֮С׶΢΢ЩľһֱӶԸʬ仯ǧ򽣹⽣ӰɽúɽѸٿݵҲһӴơ
ʱһ뷨ȷֱӴˣת֮һ굽صףʧˡ
ȴ˵ʬ˴һͨûü֣㱻һƻɽݶߡʱ۴Уȴȥ׷ֻøæعһһִӹ𣬵סеʯ
֮󣬻ɽϲһɽ֮УԳһ˵˶һȻ弶ϽʬһȺᵤܹԸġ˵ֻ꽩ʬܹսǿԳһսͷ꽩ʬȻСطƣҪָʹҪһزпˡ
ˣ̫̰ˣܹ弶ϹǲֱӴµֶζѰǵűܹġһǿÿϾĸԪӤűŪ˵ȥ㹻һˡ
ȻҲʹ㣬йʵһϢ֪ͨͷʬʲôô
ټһֶΣͷһѯʣ䷭˼飬ŵˣͷʬӦǰǧǰһɢ޵Ĵʿʡ½ϵһߡΪȴһ˹ƻ֮󣬽ٹǧɱħȻ漣ĸ޳֮˲֮ģΪһĴʿΪ̫ͣҪħҲԸɢޣʶβӵʱ֮սͶӪһսƺΪΪٴɱ޹¾ǵŭ֮£һλֱӳֽð͵սɱֻǺûϢ˷׷ײ²û뵽Ȼ޳˽ʬǶһ١ҺڹսУûӹʩӵĴӡ˳ȥҪͿ̿ˡ
⻰һüͷ΢塣䲻Գ壬Ҳ˵еȫڱ¡⡮ʡ죬ûűڣҲͷɱʱΪٴδȥľԼˡ
һһ٣ɻ֪طԪӤűڵô
ԣʱ˫۷Ź⣬ͷУȻеģս֮УԪӤλ౦ضȡˣҲȻµġС֪ʮദпԪӤűڵĵطֻЩط˴֪˵õʱ壬֪˵˼ǣ
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⻰ﻹɻʲôӣֱתɿĳһĿڸȥ
˹һʡ˸·Ĺ򣬳ſнĵָڶձһս
һսȫռˣʮ壬ԼĪʮˣżһ֣æȥܵģ˵ֱӱɱ
һҲЩˣùԼһֱԪӤűĴŷΧʱſѾһˣһһȺˣɤӾͺʲô񵺣켹ɽϰ£ȥ
һԣοȥааһЦҶ˰£ǻԶһ㣬ɱⰡ
⼸֪һ߳ʲôˡֻһڵңǡҪֽѵѵһһ˵ʱ򣬱һȺʮͷ׺һɳ
Щ壬ÿһͷǽᵤˮ׼һȺӶʱŴˡ


߰ 
⼸ӶǸɵĹӸһ̰࣬ĽɫﲻΪһսȫ塣Ҷ棬еɽֻҪ౨һҲͲʲô⣬뵽ȻԵ޹ʳôһȺɷ塣
Ӷʱŵ˵еģشĺʲôˣǸûǲҪȻ񵺣ơ졭켹ɽŹǵģ
⻰һͷ¸һЦ˵ûǶˣ¸£ѵɣ۶˰£˵ȥֲֵܳ鰡
ǶֻͼƣͼвģֵҲǳصģС̻԰
ðֵǣ⼸·ľȻˣҿƤͦ۵ãÿѪʳֵǣְҪһȣһ
һȺһǰһոˮĸġЩֶΪҲˮĸ塣һĴǹĹ£ܿһһȻнȴˮĸΨһϵˡ
ѰһЩ֧֮£һΪСеֱͻС硣һһȺˡ
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һͷ˵˼֮󣬱ùһȺݶȥʣʮͷֵżӸ糯ȥûãһʮ壬ָźһȺֵĳߡ
ˣǼֱȺ۴ǵ󣬾ȻҸűһҪһ򾡰
һҲǣʲôˣһں֮ڣǻصУһǽ𣡡
ԣ켹ɽҲǣˣϵÿһһסǵģһӲ
һȺ⻰ȻһѱȴҲԸⱻһ¸´Цžͽֶηųһʱ֮䣬⻪ʮ׳ۡһȺﻹæͷӴܻ
һȺЩֺĹӸӱʱϲĹЦʱһһ˴ӵæ
һȺ֪һ壬Ϊ۸壬ڱǸ͡һԹһЦ˳ңȻһͬʵġЩ۵Ķ˾ʹˣֻҪˡЩ˵ģҲɱҲӦá
һ⻰Щʱϲһлᡣ
һȺռλõˣһСףСʽ档Ȼһĺڵħ֣ҲǻԵɺ֮»飬мơһרſһķŹҶ֮£ɾոոȡȡһȺ˵Ӹ֮ǰȻȥ
˺һй򵼣ʼϯűĲųˡɨϰ壬Ǿ͸Ǽ򵥣ֱȡԽǿ壬һȤԽ
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½Ǻ֮нӣС׶Լٴλľݳȥ
󷨣һϼϼһǳԾѡʼԭһȻ׼˵ԼһϺõıͷסʩչһ弶ݷߡ⼸µȥ˵Լݷ֮һطȥˡ
ϼ壬һɫȷʵǡ󲡳ӣȻͷĶɻȴҲѯʣֻǹ˼һ˵ȴȥʱ
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˻ϲʱЩˡѹȴǳԾķ֣д徹ȻûһǼġˡ
Ҳ÷֮£ǲһܣǱֽⰭ۵ġˡɱˡڵһ˵ЩȴδûϢǺܿͨˣɱô壬Ҳ˵
ϾЩֵõˡһﲻ˵Ҫһɱô壬˵巴ŲֶԸҲһܹܵġ
ȻõˡĲ룬ȴҲ˭ɱġЩ۸Ҳӣ˼˵ԼһȺѾ˵ѹգִ£ˡ龹ȻȻ
ǲ֪һȴǵ˺ܶ£ЩҲ˵ˣǻˡ


߰ 
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ܿ죬ٴο˶ͻغϡŸɣӵܻعǰ£κ֮вǽˡ
һʧشһ徹ȻܳӵܣЩ壬һһˣһûʣ
һʱ䣬ȺӿȻ֪Լжջ񣬵ԿҲ׷ֻӣƺʱҪս
󼸸Ǻ棬һҲǳƿĽɫǳ˿Щ֮ȻڹزºݻưոݿҲǲܵˡ
һףЩﶼСںҲƵһֱӶ˷ˣˡ
˷ۻصƵһҲͣлҪˣصԼС
ȴ˵һĽȻͣҵ£ʱгƷҲû̫Ӱ⡣һգƹָʹյüƣ̣⡣һĶݹɽ
һϲӭȥȴԼҶɫЩ԰ףæңôˣ
һ˿ɺ𣬶ʱϵĲ԰ף΢΢һЦûлƹĲպ˵ûкܶƹĿҪúأ
û뵽һûͷԵ˵һҲ˿æؿڵҷģֻҪڣ͵ˣ
һԣһЦáҲٶ˵ʲôһԺȥˣֻһԭء
صУһﻹ˿ɫһЦнƲٻˮĸȡ֮󣬱У򽫸С΢һ㣬صȥˡ
֮УһȵոȴϽڶ壬С׽һֱ֮һûȥĵãǸ֮֮أ
Ҫ˵һм֣Ҫ˵ȴǰ˸ӴšջҲ˵̫ĺ˺弶ԪӤͻö
ջóȥȻͷϾһöԪӤõĺôһЩۺļӵѵõ˵һ˵ڴˡ
ΪʹùԪ֪һöԪӤǱжԪӤ֮ԪȻвСĺô˷ȴǱȺô̫࣬㲻õôʽ
ȻҲָܹԪķЩԪӤܹһʹöȻֱӷú࣬ʶĵһңǷܹҵõĵ
˵ˮĸǶɣĴ洢ҲǺˡͼһƷҩѿľƷҩɵνһӦȫԪӤΪҪϣƵҩҲŵֱӤ컯
ֵӣ确Ӥǿҩ̺ԪӤʿĸܹΪԪӽӤʣ确컯ǾҩԪӤԪӤٵʱ޲ԪӤǡԵҩãҩҲޣ˵ʤЩħֶεĺۼ
һûԪӤҲв˵ҩҪķֶΣֻҪǴԪΪʶѡǡӤЩҩһ弶ҩÿһֶ弶Ʒҩʦ֣Ҳ˵ʮʮĳɹʡȱһȻиȥơԣõİ취ԼѧϰƵҩս⡮ӤƳɹ
ȻһûϲãΪܹɡӤҲֻøѼϼ
һ㣬츳Ϊ֮⣬ǴϰһϸʦʦҪķʮʯһĴʦȻΪĹлƷȡʯҪԺһЩʯһܹŪ
ȻʦʦҪԼʱ򣬶ʮֽҹʯһ㲻⡣ֻҪʯǹûжϾ
ѡ˸ȼϰĵ֮һĻݣͽϴɹ˼ֵʮʯҩص֮󣬱㿪ʼϰ
ǴʱһĳȻҪŵ°Ͷһһ¯Сְ󡣵ȴǲԸĥһʼԼʶǿʮһʮͬʱʮ¯ҩ
龰֮׳ۣ̺֮ǰֻԡЩˮĸӿɲҴһֻ໥֮䴫ԣ˵λӷǵǸ֣Ҳšһ


߰˰ ɿ
˸֮еĵͳҩģһ㿪ʼҵʦͬרĳЩĵҩǽĵҩ飬ζÿһֵҩƹ֮Ļַȵȡ
ʱ򣬱һƷҩÿֵҩһʼҲҪʮ¯гƷ˺Լյһ־ϣ˷ϵļʡ
һʱ䣬Ƴǧ¯һĵҩ֮ζڵڶѾʼҩˣȻԼٽɵƵɣѰʦһ޶
£ֺķʮʯҩ֮һʽļƷҩ̵þ죬ɵɣѰʦҪǿ֣ȻԼֵˮ׼
ĹУһȴǷһ飬ǱԼÿһֵҩ֮ϾȻһҩķġ
˵֮ķԽ࣬Խǿ𵤾Խǿ󡣶һĵĲһ˸оڲϾǿ֮⣬ԼƵҩĳɵʺƷҲڷٵߡ
ԵǣһһֵҩӦ֮ٴƸõҩʱҲĥɹֱɣзơ
ȻµҩʱЧԣһ֣üηϵܹƷٶȱѰʦ˵ֱ
һϲͬʱҲ侲ķһóĽ۱ǶȻ롮̫ƪ̫͡ϵйءһԼڡ̫ƪİ֮޳Ԫ󻹽ڲͬġ𵤡
һѾϰΪˣһĺôûзֻҲ׼֮֮ˡ
ڵĸµʱһڿʼ弶ҩһԵı弶Ʒҩ񵤡
⡮񵤡Ȼ弶ƷƷѰḻĽ𵤼ʦ׳ԣֻЩ𵤼ʦ糣Ƴʦȱĵؽ磬˵ϼû弶ҩԷ
ЩԪӤҪõҪԼƣҪԪӤʦơǰߺķ̫ྫߺķ̫ʯյԪӤҪҩҪʡٽʡҲʹúԪӤ˶ʱ˭˸ĵҩӮ
Ϊ弶񵤣һٴʮʯһǰǰ󣬾һٶʯ˵¯ֻһҲǲƴˣһٶʯȴǺϧ
ȴ˵ڼ仹һЩСԭһɵĵҩҲûԼã˻ʯǶɢȥЩ塣
ЩȻļֱ֣٣֮и֮٣Ҫ幺ȴҲϼѡһӼô൤ҩȻٵҩƷȽϵͣҲǴ˷һ
ɢҩʱһֻȻԼһȺֳ˺յþӢЩӵķ⣬֮ǰ֣õļһľҲ˶١ͷһӦŵҪÿһķ
õҩ÷ʱ裬ӿԼ˭һ׽ġˡˡ
Ӻۻİʱ䣬һνһ¡Ϊ׬ȡʯÿʮʮʱ仨ѵʯ׵ľͲǼϸƷҲûٶʯ
һգһһ¯弶Ʒҩˮ̵ȡ˵ҩ͸СѾͷ͹ȥ
Ҫ˵СѾͷӺۼʶʬȸ֮Ȼ־ޣСֵʺͱǮҲȷʵֲΪҲһҲԼˡ
ȴ˵ЩӣСѾͷҪһ·û¾һȺһȻ彿Сһͷʮ㡣ֶǿҲ˿׹ˮĸ˵ͷ
ֻʱСѾͷµ־ȻһƵĵҩСѾͷҲ֪һӵĴףһҪһ¯ҩ
ʱ䣬һҪĥ֮ѡһ֡ˮ̵弶Ʒҩ棬ˮ߻õõҩȻһµĵҩһٲȻ׼ʦˮƽ˵ڶ¯ͳһ¯ʮöˮ̵ȻҲʹ㣬ʮ¯ҩɵ¯öͣ
䳡дµһȺ塣ȻһͬΪӣָ̧֮䣬СѾͷʩչַǿ󣬶ҿƾ΢Ȼһ۵ĸоһԿˣҲԼҪӮѾͷҲ򵥡
һ֣һȺ֮˫ֹһϣ㿴
һԹһЦ佱˼䣬㽫ˮ̵˳оŨҩʮϲϲƺⵤҩȴΪⵤҩһơ
һ࡮֮֡ʱ򣬺һӸ˽мµʱٻġֻǰϼǰ̸ҲûнйһξȻڣȻЩҪ顣


߰˾ ټ
һ׼úѾͷӵȴЩΪѡȻСƢȴҲΪ£úһԹԵȥµϰȥˡ
СȭͷȥһݸЩǿˡ
Ȼ£һҲˮһݣ˸˷ţ㳯ǰȥʱ˳
Ҳջ񣬵һɢµļöȻ˳Ϊݶƹ񡣲ʱһȴûƹķ緶Żŵ
һüƹģóȲǣѵ˲ɣȻż
һ΢֣Ҳһ죬ȴżңһظҲˣλݿǲ˰кã¾һ鷳أ
һüͨһ̽գһ˿صЦλѵʲôͷɣ
ʱ䣬ΪⶫЩ˽ˣһ˿Цǳص˼Ҳ벻ͨԼⶫôûλ֪Σء
Ȼɻ󣬵Ҳ㱨˼·ۺãڱ㽫һһԭǰʱֻҪһʱ򣬲ŽʾݣȻﺣ֮УĳһĴǰҪһһġ
Ҫ֪Ǻ֮УȻദȴгӴȻΪߣֻСආһ㣬ȴԶԶ塣ռŵйԼҩЩ
Ѱ£Ϊ˱ƣὫ塣ţҲѣ֪ѶˡΪ棬Ҳֵҩ統󣬾õ·ӣ壬ȡʯֻ·ŲЩаˡ
⣬󹺵˵ʵԶԶʮǿƣֶΣҾ͵úˡ
Ͼ˭Ҳұ֤ԼһӲ壬Ϊһף͵壬Ҹᣬɱˣǲǿ޶ûеطȥ
һԵľ⡣ԷһǿǰȻûᵽһ壬֪֮Է̬ʮǿӲȻвӦͲù˼
һ֮ЦŨ˼֣˰£Լͳȥ
УһŮڵУڼƵİһö塣ֱһ뷿䣬ŻȻ̧ͷȴһ㶡
Ȼ㣡
һ˵ͷĳ׵ѽɺã
Ůˣǵɵɡˮĸһ㴫ǺʹһС˼㽫ɸͳ˵ȻһһǺӴҲزȥˡ
ԣüһׯصı¶һ˿ҡҡͷʲôҲ˵
һҲ̸ʲôɣֵףʳ˼öðɻָ΢΢һЦ֪׵ѽǰкιɣ
⻰ƺϻָһŮǿ˵ıͷѣ˴Ƶһľ𡯵֡ʱɱöȻйϵû뵽Ȼ㡣ǰһʴôǰѡ
ôʲôô׵ѲֱԣһĵĻص
ҲΪ⣬΢΢һЦصҲƹˣɴǴһǰҪΪһһڵʦԣβһʴôأ
һһȤĿ˰һۣЦһ֪һʮǶʮڰ׵ѵϣĳԽ֮ǰ档
üͷ΢ҡͷһЦһΪСʮʮܹġɶǰǰȥҼ˺ֲǡ
һ¶ԾŶȻĳһС꣬в˻׵ˡˣĳȻҪ⣬ȴǲòˣ
һ⵭˵ţɱгҲɵͷһѰʦ˵һƾʹˡһȴǽȻͬȻʶʱ䲻һıȴ֪ȻΪ˳ȴǵļᶨͬʯһһ˿ڣͲݵĸġ
Ҫ֪һζ˵ʮҪǺһûһʵû˵һ㱻һץסС檡ȻǵɲϲɫÿսʳӲֺ٣Ϊ壬ȴʮΡ
ҺϣԪ绪ïҲ⼸ʮ꣬껪ȥѰ»͸ǳϦˡʶǰһȴԵɺ֮£֪ľšб˼෬ƻӧǰ붯һ
һǰʾԼôȴЩС˼ҪһĹϵֻһӦƵóѣҲûд繦ǸԵˡ


߾ ֮
ҲһŮˣһǼƳǸҲΪ˵ãͷһ׳һɱﵣڨڨһЦ˵ȻѲϴӦֻûظϣѵ˼˵һˣ
˵֮䣬֪Ļ⣬һ֣һбв֮⣬ƺ˵ǲȥҾͽعʱһɢ˭ҲĲ˺ã
ðһ򸣾Ҫȥһ֪һнΪͷҲ˲ת뷨ǹһ˿Цݣ׵ѻ
ΪüƣЦתޣ֪ѻкιɣѵͻȻͨô
һһЦ׵ѺƣܹһȺˣתԪǰµѼƳɣⶼˡĳѵͲҶɱô˵ţһɱɱһϱŷ
ɼ״ʱ𵱳ڸΧһӲɱڶ𵤸֣ɽԪնɱĳ龰ĿɫҲһף˼סѣѵҪɱҲɣ
һЦѵֻ׼ңͲ׼ɱ㣿׼ֻҪҲӦ㲻ȥҪҵܹ֮ڣ
ԣϵȻʱж¶ȻһЦҡҡͷѵ͹ԼҲ͹ˡֶΣܹȥֻҪɱ˰ɣٽݻһβǷˮ𡣶ǱΣҲ֮ȵѡǵҪɱɣǾ붯ְɣҲýЩ
⻰һüͷһ˫۽Űɿ˰Σƣ˵ͷҪĳȥһˣҲǲԣֻǻ׵ʵ棬Ҫ©ʲôĳʱصҲ֪˲֮ĸ֣׵ôͲ˵ˡ
ΪҪǰ⻰һæ֮ɫһЦ˵ǣɼȻ룬Ȼ֪޲޲ˡȴҪǰǺ˵𣬵ڹ֮С
˵ţҲȷʵ̹ȻԼˮĸ֮˵һԼΪ檣Լ߻ǰһļƲߵȵȣԼǵҪһС˼˵˳
һԾȴ׽ð檵һƬ峤ʵС
Ϣһʱ˫΢Уǹһ˿ЦͷСʾǺɫűСץ׳ͷӾȻҲɫٺ٣ǡĶӻ򶴡׻˵úã治һ˲һŰҪҪɴһԲأ
Ȼһ˿ЦݣȴǲԵɣ˵֮󣬲ſڵѴɣҳǳɹɶȻмɵѲǨ޶ԡ
һŮӯӯһݣͷҲ˲٣뵽ԼǱŮЩϵȻˣĳһ˺ˣ
ɫһϲæɶлѣʵһˣȻѿԵõôҪԵѲɱǲϧҲҪȫġ
⻰һ˼ĵ˵ͷ͵Ŀɣ˫֮ͫлûһ˿ɫʵô
ɵû뵽һ֣һûüң˫ĵ˵ͷĵһǡŻعһݣæ˺󣬾ŵѣǸʲô
һʹˡֶͨΣõһǡ֣֪ǶԷ֮е뷨ҲͷһЦѷģĳһС֤˵ʵ˵ǰŰ׵֣ȴǿ߷ˡ׻˵֮ĲްˣѼ¡
һӡһĪ⡣һͣȻʩչֶܹ̽ıģҲֻԾҲûʲôԹŭġ෴õһ߷Σͷȴ̹Ȼ˲١Ͼԣαиһˣİʲôֶζá
Ȼ˵һЩ鰲ţûУҲҪȥһ䡣ڵգһһͬƵãã֮зȥ
һʱ⣬ɲ˵˵ͷϡųһ׹뺣УΣðˮһϺзˮ棬Ȼǿļˮ׼ȴʮѿһδϺзһɵ뵽ûùʵζ
һȺϺзм仹һͷϹ꣬ķðɣİһݣһֻû̫أԼðȻͷСȴΡϹɻĿһһۣʵǺˣҴˮ
ɼ״æǰԲ꽫λƵľҷʴ˵ԶǧƵϺģвɵ


߾һ ټ
á֡͡ʣǹĿһһæһЦԭλǴľϹľְ
һԵ˵ͷȻͬǹ壬Ϲ겻Ѫ츳ǱȲĹʵ͸ԶԶѷɫˡϹУһȴǿһ˿µĽƻȻҲһļһ
ɼһݵõأͷϲ˼֣Լļƻܳɹ꽫꽫˵Ҵľ̴ȥ
꽫ԺٺһЦȻϹȻľǰȥǣ˵䣬꽫һϺз׷ˮҲѿһ϶ֱͨضȥ
ɳһ˵ͷȷȥһȻҲӣ΢΢һ£Ҳ·ȥ
öȥ꽫һϺ꽫ҪҪˮܶ࣬ѹʺҲҪ谮վǲһġһҲͰˣţ½˹˹ϳҲȰɣ꽫ߵĺˣ¶ɵúú˵˵
꽫ԣɫһ䣬ЦϺͷĲ٣ΪЩõôǺεԹ˱Ķ࣬λ᲻֪ƻȻǿֶ࣬ΪǱȲ壬֪
Ϻһ㶣ǵùǿ󣬻Ʒҩô
꽫ٺһЦЩϸ֦ĩڣǿĵطǶöӡƣǿ˲֪ٱ㿴һκ֮Уʧ˶ſ˵ʵЩ徫ӢĶ֣ǹٺ٣ʵֶΣǺʮҲԸˡ㿴ôţʰˡҿ治һ˭ʵǿܹɵӣһʩչ˹أ
ϺԳһվҪ岻ô
꽫һЦ֪ǼƲǾͲˣ¾²֪ȻǲУǻԼԸԼʲôҿʵһöӣʲôľñٹôʱƵķɱԼˣʹ찡
ϺȻȻĴָԭˣ취߰ʵǸ߰ʲʣһ
꽫Ըǵ⣬⻹ʲôʻиߵֶΣ㿴Ǻƽô꣬ҲõϢ巢չ죬ߴɢ쳬壬ǳȥ˵Ҳ˵Ǻһ
ζĻϺЩԻˣǹ꽫Ҳ͸¶̫࣬ҲֻǵЦµϺзʣҲٲ˵ʲôˡ
ȴ˵һͰһ·׷ȥܿͼһݰˮط˵һȴЩªȲԵý̻ԻͣҲԵĪ⣬ΨʮɫɺƣԵЩȻֻȻĽˮƽԶԶˡ
һˮסҲᳵ·һ·ȥвϺзˮ˰ɱƺû̫谭
ƹһЩ԰ĵطһŰһ΢ĵϡֻǵϿտյûһˡһ˵Ե֮󣬱תȥˡ
ΣһЦð㻹б°һͽʲôľ˹ã̫ˣԺˮ׳ˣһ˰
ðϸһһһŮʹӺתŮǰɣʱȴǰӻСӳ䣬ĸߴͷ˫ǣǵһСֽѹѱ˵ʡ
ãʽ𵶴һѽ§ڻУûһ˿Ҫɵ˼һһۣЦƵʦɣʲôľ𡯵ô
һʱ¶ΪϢֻѰ𵤳ڵӡΪʵǰһҲ㲻ʲôʶҲ̸ʲôص˼
һͷƣҲΪ⣬˵ͷľһʦݼʴˡ
û뵽һԴһ㶼ûеӵζǸ߿һ֣Цã㲻ҲѵãˣһᣬԼ˵˵ˮ׼ΰ
һͷһתҲ˵ʲôֳȥһ˵棬ƵķɽʹĿ
ʼһûԴʵʵóɽȻһ۱㿴ɽǶƷԲȴҲ̲ס㵽Сһ˿ȴǷеİðýýǶƷԲɽȴҪȺЩƷɽ
˵ţʺתͷ֮Ȼֻ֡ƷԱ˵Щ㣬֪㵽ܲƷ
һƺͲ³Ҫ˵仰΢΢һЦľĳƷľĳҪļǮ̫ߣȻҪȴǸǮԡǺǣľĳǴʣȻʴҪǲǮ˰ɣ


߾Ŷ ǹ
˴ǺӣȨƵ˾͸ǺӣŮԱߣǼֱݲð㶪ӡȻˣɵ㡣ʶһ⻰ն񰸡
˵úãľֶΣܹƳķҪٸ߶Ӧõãľܿڱǣ
һԳһ˿ϲɫǽ֮ɫЦʴ˹Ȼ鴫Ȼʴ˿ڣľĳҪ۵ҲǲӡѰΪƷȡʮϵļ۸ҪƷѶҲ֪ľĳȡʮ屶ϵļ۸Σ
ʮ屶֣ͷҲɵ΢΢һ
Ҫ֪ƷƷȻֻһƷȴһ蹵ƷǲϣѶȶҪԶƷں⣬һƷϲһʯҲʮԲҲͶʮ򣻶һƷϾҪʮƺõĳƷƷԺãҪ
һһſڣ͵Ҫһʮʯ˵ҲëëһĶҪôʯҲҪԿǵġ
Ҳǻ˵ˣ뵽һƳƷǰһһƷʣǼ۸һٶټһַ۸Ҳʡ
ֻƽϰѹˣаԵһαһ㵱ҪۿףͷɲˬļһĲ֪ʵţҪû١ѵΪʵʯô׬ĲɣҲͰˣǲУߺߡ
ͷŭŭȴ϶ӣټͷйƣ˿¶֮⣬һЦãľ˿ʮ屶ʮ屶ľƳǾʦˮ׼ʦҪǮҲáֻϣɲҪ֣ʲ⣬ǿɾʹĲˣ
˵䣬һһͬһ㳯һѹ˹һû뵽һ֣𵤱̼͵𣬾Ҫֿһ˲䣬֪Ǿ㷴ȻɡͷһæתԪѹס
һĻʿȴΪһֵסһЦæ˻׹һö򣬱㱧ɳȥˡ
һӹ򣬴ʱѾѹס˽𵤵ȥıӰǹһ˿Ц
ûãǰһȥŵķ䣬ҽˮ֮еҲڳһá
ȴ˵һöʶһҪȴҪһǹϸһһ嵥ǽӴ塣
һ嵥嵱סˡĲֵʮʯ໹мУʵ߳һƬһ˵׺ݰԵ෽ӣ»һĶȻ˳ԾǣЩϺ涼ˡʮݡҲ˵ֵʮʯĲҪʮݡ
Ȼ״ӦһҪͨʡѡʱҲǡãǰڲʱ
ʼ嵥һԣֻñס󷽵ѾӦľʮ屶Ĳôľܹģ
ʵĻһ˳˳ĵõЩϣʼġ¡ֻ֪Щ棬ǼĲϣʮݼŴݣȫһ޲֮ģҪѪ
νд꣬һһ¹ȥΪзԸ׼˴ţԼҲԹҲ֪Ʒ˵£һ궼ܻѣҲûȡ
ʶͲеҲûб˲ʱˮĸ֮ǰһ㣬һ㶼һҲġֻĿĲҪΪһϵ˫ķưˡ
һգźȻпһâһǰӣɽ棬ȵʮϢɢȥкõǣ˼䲢ûõڷâǰ棬Ҳһ¶¡
һĻ弱ææܿ죬ϢʹʶСλ治Աһ˵ʱһֻʲôŮ۳ҡǲ֪ػҪɱһЧȡ
˵״֮ͣ󣬹һЦҲǰһ뻹ϲµŮһ۾ʹ̤ĳȥ
ܿ죬ʱһȺǰʱһ˴˳һ˭ˡ
ʱһϹԣɱĳǹʹ˹ֵľĳҲһǹһʮƣƷ飡


߾ ɳ˶
ʹһЦǹðԵ֣Կȷ»˵
˵䣬һֱ̽㽫һ˳ǹ˹һ֣ܲƬ·ǹˣоһܸһ࣬ʱ谭ͨͨʮƣȻÿĥӡ꣬Ѿһ˳ǹ㡣
ȻûгһְԵɱ¾ζʴĵ׵ĻϲЦһƾնˣǹ
Ҫ˵ʵҲǵһ׸߳ǹСǱǿޱȵʩչԵޱȵǹֱ˫ͬԪӤ֣ûϺõķϡ
Ҳһǹ춨һƬݵλҲʹˮȻֻ弶һͷԭĲ𣬲ͻƲãȴҲڶ֮С
ȴǲ֪Ҳз飬ǾǴûҵһ˳ֵĳǹ
ҲǿǿõǹЩǹǸƵģǳߴ⣬⣬ǲԡҪ˵ʳƷȻΪʵˣһȴ治Ѱܹĳ飬ƹƹȥȴԼǿĺá
ƣҲֻ֮УԪӤڵʦȻɱ壬ЩҲʵʡҪ˵ڵʦɣһǸıѰʦƳһƷòϡ
α˰ɵĽԣԼҲЩ˼ŪһʦԼҲûһƷ֮ԽϣһͷԺһˮΪʦ
û뵽⿴ΪµһȴȻһһʦѵõǾȻû֪ʦ
˶̶ʱƳһƷĳǹ˳ǹǲʻԣһʵҪԸ
ʰˣŪǹһ˳ǹϹԣɱȻǹһֱ볤һɨβʱʡƣһ˫飬֮â֮˿ɵУɵ
·ЩϺзˮԼ䣬һƽкòһֶΣȽһҲùȻ𵱳ڤ棬Լٺ֮мЩԪӤҪǿһ
ʱһŨѪζԱߴ˹ЩкõϺзʱعܿȥһߺɳȥֻһɫƤѪ죬ݵĴ󺺡֮һصĵͽ壬Ȼλĸߡ
ȻϽһӼѪζ弶ơ˵ˮĵڶλ弶壬´󽫣ɳ˶һͷѪͫ衣
ɳ˶̧ͷ˿ʻ賤ǹ̬һ̵Ц¸һЦʴڵ˳ֵıɳ˶ֿԸʴٴδɱķ
һǹˣŪʶһǹⲻɳ˶ĻЦŷɳһαʵһҪﺣʵŶҪһЩˣҰҵӣҾɱȥǹԹԽ
ɳ˶ԣͷǣɺ֮ɫѪĹâνͣһһеĵͣϲɱ¾ˡ
˹ˣɳ˶Ҳ˳ǹʶԼ°ȻװǻƵĽһһл壬רΪһһϯ
ϯ֮ϣʣɳ˶һ֮⣬Ҳ˰㡣ϯ䣬һ֮ǰİȻھͶһƳ籸ƵƵơһҲϲ״ЩƷ֮е鷳̸ʣʺɳ˶˵̸ϰˣһϯҲԵΪԲ
ϯգһҪǡɫ΢΢һ¾Ͳɿɳ˶һǿһЦľαôߣѵˮдô
һ罫̬УԣԵʴˣľĳһαӦʴ˵ǰΪʴƷǹѾɣʴҲΪӣȻûµˣƵϻľĳòȥӦ
˭֪ԹһЦԭˣľɲżȻ˳ַɳȴȱһַأľһΣɸʮ屶ϣοľѵõʦǧҲѵһһȻҪúýһ
һԣ¶֮ɫæɳ˶ʹһɫɳ˶׶϶ʱɱڣһĥø֨죬һľǼҪߣǾǿɳĳˣ
⻰ɲ֪ԵɣֻﲻϣҪԲԼ䣬ɳ˶סȻʵļ檣ʵҲһ㣬Ϊ弶ɳ˶˵㲻ʲô
˵ɳ˶֮жƣοΪȰ˵ͷһȥȰ˵ɳ˶ֻǲ
Ȱ˵޷ֻתͷȰ˵һϾһҲ弶ֵĶ֡


߾ ͼذ
ðȰ˵һҲǺһЦæȰľǺαأһҲҲֻҪɳƵˣǶǷһ顣Ҫ֪ﺣ򣬲֪ҪǷأ
һԣҡҡͷĬڿ顣ʺɳ˶һۣǶüƵЦ
ľ㿴ʶ˵ˣҲһӣʹӦ˰ɣɵڳļˡ
һ̧ͷ˰һۣ֪ŮԼͷǷ飬Ϊѡʺɳ˶һһͿ򵥡ֻǼǰҲһڻؾ
ðɣȻʴ˺ɳľĳҲǲԴӦһʱ䣬Ϊɳһģһ˵ͷ
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һӦʵֽкãɳ˶ɫҲ˲٣ֻͶζ״ȴǸĲ
ʱһֽŵľĳҪλ˸һССĳŵǡ
뵽ԼϾһʦͷϲѣҪʲôӦŵʲôŵҪĲϣʯľܿھǣ
һЦݲãƺûΪϻʯаɶҡҡͷֵЩ䲻ᣬֻǻλ˳ŵľĳһɣ㽫õͻƵ
û뵽һҪʱһ㶣϶ʱѿһ֡
󵨣ʱɳ˶ŭһİ̸飬ҪϸϣҪʯ͸ʯȻôߣΪɳ˶ɱ˲ɣ
ʱ䣬ɳ˶ƷųһŨѪζһһԵİɶ˲һȴһЦַ̧ųСʮų⽫ɳ˶ƺѪס룬ȻûܵһӰӡ
ʲһɳ˶ΪԼȻ岻סһССĽСЩ߳ŭŭһһѪֱײһǰʮϣһʹüڶ౦һ¶֡
һ˵̫Ҫɳ˶ףֻһȴû˵˼ƿ֮в֮ĺݺһЦȴûٶ֡
һһ߿Ҳɳ˶ֻǳʴ󺰵ѵˮĴ֮ɣ
ϵЦɲģһЦľҪ֣ɳӼ״ЩͻֻľҪҲ̫ˡʵֻҪľǵҪˮȻϱ顣
һɫһ䣬ͨʲôӣһԭˣʴ˵˼ǲ׼ľĳȥˣ
ɳ˶һۣͬʱЦɳ˶ָһЦ˵弤ƹû뵽ȻˡˮȥɵĵطֻҪˮԶˮˣҪȥҲܣԪӤȥ߾ǱǴȥ·Ҳ롣
һ͵ĿЦһһŭɫƽһǰȴҡ뻹һֻܹӳѨȴû뵽ǵԼǽһҲ۽ˡ
ͬʱһѣԲˣ
˭֪ʱһûʽգϷ¶һ˿ЦãһԼȥȻ˵Ҳֲ˵Ĳˣ
á֣ʻɳ˶ɫһ䡣ﺣưô꣬ǵһǣ˵⻰˻һССĽʿܵˡһɫɳ˶һһ̧־ͳһץ˹ȥ
һԵİɴϣʧּⶸȻת䣬ʱŵûʧɫҪǰһɳ˶弶ѹȴȶ
ĿһѪҪ˫۵ʱһһŮͬʱ˳С㣬ϣҹҪ
ڳУɵĹâһ˳ˣֱӻ׳˶Ůһһңȭͷڵһ㳯ɳ˶˹ȥ
νģһ׼˷ųͻأҲ׼ãȫּֿ֣ǿԮɳ˶ⲢɱһֻɷǣæĶȴҲֻʩչ
ֻΪ弶ɳ˶ͬڵһ㳯һ˹ȥȴûдһͱͬڵһĺ˻ֱײֵΣӣǲޱȵǽУһڼдѪˮ˳
ڳһɣʶڵޱȵĿϲ˵ĶˡʱԳƹ죬˵һѪĻ֪Ǽǧûж֣ЩӲȻֻе߰˳أ


߾ ޶
ܵԷϷų˿ԼƣɫһݣյֵĳǹһƣֱשȵǺη֣ôˮ´󽫣ѵҪսŲɣ
һǹ͹ƺλתͷĿһۣȴǲ𻰣ߵһǰֵݼϣ٣
һĻڳЩˣӶҪһءԪӤĸ־Ȼƺһ𵤸Ϊϣһϻ̳Ͽֱֵû
һûһ㲻ףȻ΢΢һЦڼ䣬ұûǳֻǴʱ۵ˣҲò¡ĥ弶ҩûȥҸǿ¯һ¯Ԫǲ˰ɣ
⻰һһŮһЦæֳл˵һһŮǵ֮һոֻꡣһġСתָǣ־С׵ġʬʬ
񾭹һϢѾϣָ˵Ϊ֮󣬱֮ǰǿࡣΨһȱӲԼòܽˡȻȱ㣬ǶʵʵԪӤ֣ǳǿڼĸ
һ̸Цʣɳ˶а˸벻ͨйذֻһҲԲͣĿʺǴǽ֮ɳ˶һۣ԰ɵ׵ѣͷҲ˰ɡڵʶһҲѡ񣬺ȥδӣѡ񣡡
̶ʱ䣬ɾ;˴䣬һͻȻгԪӤ֣ʱ̡һʱ䣬ȻЩˡһ⻰һӾͽѹСĿʢŭһۣٿһҧҧŤͷڲʣͳһȥ
˶ԣĳԹĪǡɱ֮𣬶֮ޡһӵͬڵ潫Լ檸ߡֻһ㣬ʱҲͷһ̣һ˫۾ɵöҪͻֻǵ˿ûƣȴҲӲ
ڰһʱǹһ˿΢Цһµ˸ʴˡ
ԣǿŭһл˵ƨͷţ͸ҹ
⻰͹ҪȴǱһסǺһЦϢŭʵ˵ǣĳʵЩݹģˣֻϧʴ̫̰İˡ
ʱ⻰˵һ㶣һԳƸ˶ûע⣬ŭ֮дɻݹϵ㣬ѵ˵㲻壬岻ɣ
һһЦ⵹ǣֻĳһλʵ֮ˣŮʦͽ֮ԵǿأҪһʦ档ǰձٺ٣ҲԽһʦʦҲǲġ
ʲô⻰ʲô˼ҵףѵҶӣҪҾͷʶʱƬһɱⲪȻ
ܣһҡҡͷĳɲ飬СʵңҲûɱһĹµĻˡСɣ㸸׼һ棬ҲȰһȰǿϹ鸽ңȻΪġ
˵䣬һһ䣬һϹɳСɣСȴߡʡֺţһȡֻ֡Сָ𵱳Сһſ񣬶һֳȣϹڣȻΪ
ʼԼҶӣϿϲ֮ɫһּգתͷһȵҲʲôˣҶӣ֮ұҲ׷ʶȻ㲻ݣ
һһЦҲ𻰡Сɫ֣̿æڵ״ˣǧҪ˵д°һ븸״˸һ鸽˰ɣֻҸԲպɾҲȻ
û뵽ԼһھȻ˵ʱŭڴһӣ˵ʲôȻҹ鸽ôһСѵʧķ費ɣʩʲôƣٹˣҸһͬɱţΪ㱨ѩޡ
Сһʵ˵һС־㹻һԪӤ֣ͷԪӤ꣬ٶĽᵤ壬ԪӤĸǰֵܵ˵ˮ
Լ׻ִ˵ԽԽСҲżæ״ˣ˵Ķְҹ鸽˺ô̫࣬з鵤оأҡ
죡ŭһСʵĻֳǹֱָСӣǵ磬ѵɱô
Сһ㣬Ҫ˵Ļ˻ȥҪȰ˵ʲôȴһ̧һӡ
ˣСҲض˵ˣϵǸ̲ĶԶ֣˵ĺã


߾ ûô
⻰Сɫһ࣬ҪȥȴԼϵһϣֿһԼԶԸԼϵһʱ֮䣬ȴ
һ״ȻС˼ȻСһСս߱飬׼Сȥˡ
СľǣϵȻ̲վһ֣ȱȻɱֻǿԵͷҲٲ˵ˣ
Сԣ֪һŵͷһϲֵлϣպոϸ֮СһϸĹ̷ϣ޶ġ
һ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ׹һöܺã˼Ҳò㣬һ齻ȥֻҪˣͣ
Сӹ˲ݣֳϲɫصͷϷģ¾ͽСȻʧ˵̧꣬ͷ˿Լŭϵתͷ㳯ȥ
һֱԱ߿šһж֮𣬻ж֮ޡͷ޲ýһ˺ƬСʱڣȻŭڣȴǳٳδСȥʱһǹһͦͳһɱ
󵨣
һ֪ץһ̧־ͳʵĳǹȥ˶֮ʵ֮һײǹӣʱ˺󼸲˵ƴһƾУʵĹȴ˲ͱ߽⡣
һײҲԼ͹ݣ֪ԷǲԼĸ֣ҪܹԷɱһǲܣŭһ㲻Ҫոôб¾ͲҪһͷڹ棬ʴһӮңҾ͹˳㣡
˳ڹꡯ⼸ǧǰĴˣһŭϹУԴһǲٷȥ˵ͳҹȥ
ǧǰ֮ʱĸ֣۹һоͿǹԼʶҲʲôֱһʮᣬһУʹͬ糵ҹȥ
ʸղһҲ֪ԷԼǿһƤ򷨣оǹҲʹֻŭӶǹҲƴ룬֮Ըʬ֮ͬҲҪԿοѪΣʱԳ
ʱոջָ˼ֵɳ˶ԼҪܣﻹ̵סŭһץһ˫󵶾ͳȥ
ֵͬʱŻһԵĹҲЦһʹõĵһ˫ϴǵֻ֣һƳڵƷ֮Զǰ
һ֮գϲЦۣȴֱ￴ˡΪһȻøԼТЦ֮ӡᡣ
ͬ꣬ʹõҲͬԸҲһһ˫ϴʹһĹ֣춼ǽϴӰ㽫ɳ˶λۡ
Ȼͬ弶壬ɳ˶ʱǮǺ쾭飬ԶԶֲʱﵲס˵ԮʣԼֻǿֵˡ
ͷ׽ɱ˰ΣȻЩǿ֣֮ȴҲʤһʱֲӮɳ˶ڹϹǧоЩ֧סԳʱҪܵ
֪ɳ˶ܣͷڹꡯֶԸԼȻаʤˡΪ˼һһǹһɾҪչй
ȻԳе۹һһͦеֵǹһҪֱ
ͷһϲ׼͵һҪʹϣоط
һȫûзһ֣þջǹͬɫһ㣬ֱŶ
ͷϲһǴУڹӲǱڱ󣬶ǷţҪһɱ֮ٺɳ˶ɱնɱһȳСʣɾط׷̣˳µ顣
ǹҪ䵽ŵʱƳۿԷоȻûһ㵨ӵ˼ǹЦ
ţѵʲôֶΣԣôܣһǹͱȥƷҲҪˣôܻʲôֶΡԣһҪҡҵľġߣСϷƭ˱ʡҲ֪ǹһ֧Ȼţնɱ㣬һһܵЩô
Ĵʢٲʲô֮ǣһǹעͺ˹ȥ
ǹ䵽ŵǰһ̣һ¶һ˿üƵЦݣЩϣƵķҵˣûô˵飡


߾ 
һһֻǹ˲Ϊһ㣬ֻʱĳȴٲԦҪֶȥӡôܣ
ʴһһǹһҪ죬õʱ˳ޱȡҸյֵʱҲ̽飬ûзʲôصĺţҲȶԵеʱʹˡ
֪ǣһŵֶԶѰʦһ򵥣ǹᴩΪÿһģÿһ󷨣ÿһƶǺ̻һ̨֮
ȻѰʹҲܹȫû˿鶯ʵϣһжһƿ֮¡ֻҪͷһʱΪʲôҴ󿪷֮ţΪƷȴ·ɵԭ
ȫעһǹ棬ؼʱ̣ǹȻȻȴǶȻһ䣬̵˿մ
һ²תʴھȥδʵԹľ飬ǰҲΪһõľ֡ѳɣﻹûˣһЦһֱͦӺʱ
һҽУʶʱ˵ڵأнǹҲһС͵һ̧ţֱ̤ʱϣһɴʬڣ˲ͷѨλȫ⣬仯ҲסֱӴӸ߸ϵĸֱɷˡ
ٺһЦͬץСһ㽫ӵһǰϣץסСߡ
һ˿ˤڵϵʣ˵ͷãܺãȥｫһҲץɣ
ԹһЦһ磬ֱӳսšùǰʱһɣһŮȻζ
࣬˳һ㶼ںԶٵʩչϼ֮һ֮һһ֮мһʮغϣɳ˶ֱӱٴκǽַ̧ͬס塣һֶһ²
ԪӤĸ֣һȴһڵϣ˿ˣҪŵֱӷһȴû̫ӦΪһж֮Уж򣬲ʵˮҪ˵ʤǲ˳Ծ
һȤĿʺɳ˶΢΢һЦʴˣɳǱ뽫ĳ񷴵Ϊ֪кθо
⻰ʵйŭСʹңʲôӢۺúб·ſҴսٻغϣҲȡͷ
һЦһʾȻ˵ûЦοҪ˵ʹƣѵβùƽƭһôʹƲɣҽƾͼưˡ㻹к̸ʲôӢۺúٹ鸽Ƥ֮ˬ졣
һзͨʶͨȻܹ⣬ھͽ˵ƿԣֱֻߺߡ
ʣɳ˶ԼӶŪ֪ҲǸɴֱ࣬Ӱݵһո
һȻϲǽͷһƢԣһսҲ弶壬Ҳ׼ؾеֿ̧һӣͽˮĸ֮еȥˡ˰Σһ˽Ƶɳ˶˳䣬ȥˡ
һĻɫѿͬףŲ³һ䡮ͽ˼֮ĺΪܹոһͽܽˮһ򾡣ֻҪˮһڣʱ֪ͨ⺣ͬ飬͵ɣ
á⺣֣һǳһ֪Ǻν⺣֮ĺ⺣һĿǺһƬԴֻǺкЩҲֵǲԽ׳һűǧİ
Ȼû뵽ʾȻ⺣йϵһͲǺˣЩҲ⡣һЦһͽȻܽˮһ򾡣ټʴ˵ĶӣСأ
⻰ɫ䣬ǰһСͳȥ˵ʲôҪ񡣲˵ȻСʵԸˮɳ˶λڶ棬Ҫˮһ򾡣Ҳʲôˡ
ȻӣСʺɳ˶صãһԭѾˮе˶ټˣڵȺ
һֵһãȽ֮СȻֿ½ѱѹûġ
֮һ£Сɳ˶һáЩ֪֮Ѿ죬һãûзӦֱӱˮĸ֮Сļϵãļľ˸طѹ
̶ʱ䣬ˮ½ǧ屻һߣټһˮ˿ճǡ
һճǣһҲûпùɳ˶˺ˮεضƤһһͬ븱֮Сν


߾Ű ʵ
ֽһֱӶϳһҲˡ֮󣬱ֻʣ°档
һָԭ΢΢һЦô׵ѣѨʲôô
һ㶣¶ŵı飬ѵ˼Ҫȥѵҽѵ˵ȥô
һԹһЦҵܣǺǣѵ׵ΪĳܹոЩ֣㽫ҵݺʵ˵ȥô
ͷһ뵽һʵ˵µˣжٽҲԲǣﻹշɳ˶־͵ֵùﺣǿʵһ԰ﺣݺ޼ɣ֪ܣ֪ﻹ˵
Ҫȥˣʲôطȥأ
һֱôѨ򵥾ȴ֪ôȥǺǵĽνǿơһССĽʿŮˣûиͿɽǳ˻Ѩѡ
Űҡͷ̾ϢһҲ͸˼΢΢һЦЩǺˣȴ̫ģ׵ѾΣ
⻰͵̧ͷһǹһ˿΢ЦȻЩȴûаٵζ˼һת֪õѡ
ȻȻǹˣ
һԹһЦҲ˵ɱ㳯Ƶȥ
صƵһŰɾҵ󣬷Ը䣬ҪݣԼŰɸ˸֣صУһε
ˮĸ֮Уһ㣬ԭֻٶ˵ˮĸһǵǧˣļн٣߰˰ͷˮʹӣϺз֮ࡣ
ͳЩǹСˡһǼƹˣһ⡣໥֮£ټӳ˽Ƶƣʱһˮĸ޳ֵ
һ˦ƹҲЩ£ֻǿСסСѾͷϲ֣һôˣ˻Сǿ£һʱҲûжɫ
˶Ů⣬һҲרſλ֡͹˾һսƺԼĲ㣬մĥԼɳ˶һֺ֮⣬Ȼһˡ
Ҳ˿һѹʡҽУȴܲͻƶһҲûȰֻǰС°ˡ
ֵӣһ˷ˮǧĲػҪ֪Ǻǿռ֪֮˶ٺöеĸԭϣȴûеطʹãջۣ긴һ֪꣬ж١
һ֮ʱϲķֿ֮кЩѰ˺ܾãȴûֵܵϣϡҩġ㿪¯ٴοʼȻġ˶
ȻǵҵʱһһҲ͹ˡֱˮļҵҲǼҴҵˡһ˶ȴЩת
յˮĸֱӿ͵ĵ伮ˮĸѧϰȻж͸߼ֶΣȴҲպй͵ˡ
һͷ֣˵󷨵֮ϣҲȲ壬ȴʤ˼⣬ϻʱ䡣
ʿǲͻƾ磬һҲ굽ͷˣﵽļнǧѪǿЩ֮꣬ǧ궼⡣
ʶ廨һԻ꣬ꡣνܲ׾Ҳǲѳʦ֮Ĳûдڰˡ
һЩ伮һȺͲѧܿҲģȻ̶ʱ䣬ʲôרҵʦ֮ࡣһṩòϣҲܹԼԼһ׻ùȥķ񵱳𳶹һЩףЩʯǹǰªˡ
Ȼ߼ķһԶ֡ԪӤĸ֣ԼСЩ𵤺ڵĸ֣һƷǶƷԲķ
ʱۣһµÿ춼ԳٶǿС˰ʱȰ˵ڱȰ˳һ¡һʱ䣬ԪӤۣװݵĽᵤ塣ϳֱӾʶԲǿ
һ˼ֻɵ֮ϣڳưһû̫Ȥ֮ŪôһСĿҲΪԱˡ
ֻνûв͸ǽһˮӰȴŸոտʼ


߾ž Σ
һˮһ֮һգãã޼ʵĺϣԭˮڵĵطݹХһͷˮȥˡ
Σݹͬʱһɫݹ֮дϷʵ㣬ǲǼǴˣǼһϳ
һīɫݹ⴫һôܣǼһϳΣûߴ
ǻɫݹ֮еǡ㡯˵ĵҲҴĻֻǵ˵ô˵һﶨȻʲô⣬ͶһȺͽݱ¶Щͽץˣ
㡯ԳƬ̣ʲôǻȻرǣǺͽЩ֪ˣ⼸ļƻǰ׷ô
˵öԣȷʵôȥȥֻҪһ˾ˣһǵһǺ˵˼嶼ţϸƤģŶڻһα̫ӺòһˣҪúһԲǡ
⻰ǺɫݹһƺԳơ̫ӡļһЩɵֻÿڵȻ£ҲÿԵңЩͽϾãǿԳ˻ռȻ
Գ̫ӵĻҹⷢһЦҲ˵ʲôֱӼݹͳǺȥһڹ״˶٣ͷҲصĳ⺣ȥ
֮Ǻﺣ򴫳ֲ׽ɱĴţһʱ֮䣬ով֮սЩŵϵʱø˷롣Ϊ֮սԵ޹ʻʤ壬Ҳⲻɢ޷׷ֹͣһЩҲ֯ʼѲ顣
ˣ屻ɱûֹסԽԽңɢ޲ԼϳҲɱˣЩСһЩ𵤸ɵĺ֮һ˵ҲСЩϢʹΣͬʱ׷ӿдС
һһһ¶һ棬Խ䣬ȲҪصˮĸȥΪʱĵ֮һζҩǡӤ
ķ˺ҩĺǹ𵤵İ֮£һˮƽһٳˮƷ弶ƷҩܴﵽɳɹʣΪʦǴʦĸ֣ͲһֻҪ弶ƷҩܳΪʦ
һҪȥʱϼպô˽һȻڵУϼ¶һϲɫæЦľֲʦƽæ׬ʯˣ涼ѵһ
ϼһȻЩżԼġӤȴҲͷЦˣ
Ȼûµ£һʱ¶һ죬Ǳ׼լСаɺԼĶĿҲ֪ƬĴС顣֪ȻƵλԪӤ򣬵ûʲô״ͬǷণľԱֻ֪ǣһеĹϵҾ֪ˣ಻ǽɱˣɱ˱ǣȴӧǴĵ׷ɱԷʲôġ
һ¼ԣںȴһϢǱһƬĶʹĹϵŵͳǺƺҪ̽
Ϊһ󡯵ΧƵʮа˾ŶҪӴˡһƵԭĿľΪ˸ϹϵȻչ¶ʦˮ׼վʲôʱЧ˵˵һĻᡣ
һϼ̸Ц˼䣬¼ϼϺԳһ˿صɫ˿ҵľ֣ʵ˵һε鲢֮ϵô򵥣Ӧ˴Ҫϵ
ţһû뵽ĻɻϢǴģȷţ
ϼ΢΢һЦϢȷУǱˣҶ෬ãŵõϢ
ڣһȻ뵽ȴҲһԾѵ˳ǣ¿ȷˣ
ϼͷǹһ˿Цˣ²ηչƵʲôӰ죬ľ뷨ֻҪĿ׬ʯǵûʲôġֻǡֻҵǴӴ˴Σ֮пһᣬȻЩðգȴдõǰ;֪ľûȤ
ദһ֪ϼĸ֮ΪҲ׿ǿ˼ȴҲƽ̸Ŀʽ뺣һ
Ҳһ϶ͬʱҲԼΪһԴṩԭ򣬱ҪŬմﵽ뺣Ŀܡ
ʽȻΣһѾ²⵽ϼѾ֮ᣬ׼ʱסȻû˵ϼ仰ϼ¶뷨
һԣҲʵһ˿Уⱻϼ֣پϼ˼䣬ŵͷǸᣬľͼˣֽϸ˵һǡ


ڰ ܹ
գϼһһʱȥһæصˮĸ֮Уõ¯֮еġӤûһǧֵüһ˿ɫ¯ʶһ˿˿ҩƮһ
һ¯ӤѾ͵׶Σֱ¯ٲʱ̿ˡŻ˼Щ츳ͯӹ˻
ٳˮĸ֮ʱѾһաϼԼʱ䡣Ҳʱ䣬ֱӼ𽣹ͳƵ壬פطȥ
һңϴ಻ͬǻ̴Ӷһмӣ˵Ҳ֪ȻϼķԸ⣬ǰñ¶ʦݣҲһԭ
̴·һֱҺ԰ô˴ضݣ໿˵Сɢ䣬ٲȻһúгĻ档
԰룬һȪˮɹӿһ˿˿徻ˬζʪķȪ۾ȻҲһȪȻ㻹ȲðɵһݾãԵøѵá
ʱһȺŮȪˮ˵ЦʲôϼԼһȺֵܽã֮⣬һŮƺЩͬһҵӵܶΧǣԵø߳һͷ
һ˼䣬类˿ӵ֮УڶŮӶ¶һ˿Ľ֮ɫû򻵣鲻һΨһɫʮѿģϼĶ磬ס
һ߹ϼæӭǰȥʹһɫһȻǺһЦ˵ͷ
ʱһܣصأôǰǻ˹ô
⻰΢΢ƺڿϷһ㣬ΨŮӿһԵȪƺûʲôܹעһ
ϼ֪Լ綨ȻᷢѣͷŭϲҪһһЦۻˣλľ֣ҵĺѣʲôʱˡ״ټľֵʱ򣬶˵ǳ߶ѵ˲ɣ
Ϊǵı֮Լæȵ״˵Ѱʱ򣬴ʱйڣܹ˽һ⣬˭𣿡
⣿ϼϳһЦ˵ЦˣǵĹһλǸ֮еĸ֣ľֻһʦȻʦˮ׼ȴҲʲô⣬ʲôɣѵҵķûŲɣ
㣡׶ʱ˵ȷʵʦʦڳж⼼ܣսȴµһˡ
һԿֵӣͷϣʦ֣ɵóһһ˹ȥŮҲعͷһ˺һҪ֪Ȼں󣬼֮ǱšڽھܳΪʦģȴҲ֮٣ÿﶼǾԵصĶ
ʦܣ˵λѣʦˮ׼ŮӾȻʵֻǿϧһˮݡ
ôŮʻϼͷһϲ֪ƻﶼǳɹˣתͷʦ㣬λľȷȷʵʵһʦЩƵһޱȣǰʦƷǱϼǻ˴ǮľִġҼʦľ֮߳ڽľǰλʦʦһ档
ޣԭ⻰ʦǶݣ´һ
ʱһоһ翣޷׽ʶ̽Լܡͷһʱ֪ʲôʦ֡ͷЦ̤ѩ޺ۡ͡ű䡯ֶξʩչʱϢȹޱȣһ˿ʶҲֲ˰
Σʦŵ˵ͷСŮҲԶЩ֪֮ɷľһ
һĿľҪӽ⻰֪Ҫ̽ԼȻȻˡ
ֶγķƷͬѰ⣬ֶζйӽʦˮ׼״ָ⼸ǧƾ飬Ҫ˵ڱĲûУط¾˵ˡ
ϼһʦע⣬æ˵طö֮ȻŮ֮в棬̽һΪʵʶȻҪĻֶΡ
һļʶǻȴǳĴڣʵϵʦﻯⲻ˵ǵʾǧֶ⣬ѧˮĸֶһ
ЩֶΣʵǻǾףǴ׾һеһʩչʱλʦ۵ĸоһʱ֮䣬ͳһıݳӵܸһкòᡣΨɫѾѿԸӣ˸ڱȥˡ
һ̡һɫ磬Ϊɣлȥɳңһ¶һЦȻҪ뺣󣬵֪򲻴ԼѾЩģȥеĲܹݵֶΰˡ


ڰһ 
Ȼһȥ֮󣬺ӣΪ׵ʦ㵱ҹϼϸѯһĸ
ϼһЭ飬˺뺣šѯʵͷϣҲͼӴףֻʵʵ˵һƵԼ׷нʦһһ˵
Щݾÿ飬ֱӽһʦʵһϵģϼҲа취Բ˵Ǿ֪̽ﺣһصмӵܡ
֪ЩϢ֮ʦȥˡڶգһѵõûнˮĸæԼ֮ĥԪʱһڻš
һǹһ˿Цݣվǰ˵Ͷһ֮Ҳɵֶʹ˺Ūú𣬸̰˺Щ̣ÿˮ˶ﵽʮʯǰһ˲ʯ
ȻһҲûпŮǷǵҩȡ󣬻һĹ̶һ꣬Ϊ˲٣Ҳǽڸˡ
ľӴǰ˵Ҫ֪ǲ
ȻҪģһ֪˭ûнˮĸΪ˵ǣյܹѾﵽЧ󣬿»Ч֮УǺһŮˡһ֪ЦŶ֪λͬǰľĳδԶӭ֡
ʦԣ΢΢һЦľˣҵռʶľ֮ĸۣǰר̰ݻᣬδʵ֪ͨǲԣλӭأ
һԷԼʦȷʵЩ΢΢һЦҲٿ裬
նԷУһվǢ࣬ڳǴɵĵӣһĸ֣ţϲ˵˵ţ˵ǺĲԼ
ǺǸͳΡɵǡ󡯣ڡΪףħǡѪϴ¥ժħ𣬶ԷΪˮһͳ죬ɷһͳ죬Լ½һһͳ졣
ЩΪ˹ͬ棬ҲһƬԴḻǺˣǧǰսֵ⺣˼ĺô
ȻΪĵӣʦеӣȻԼŵ󡣼ϼԱҲŹĴһʱ֮䣬ͱƳһ֮ʦʥһĴڡһԣҲϵ¶һ֮ɫ
ʱʦϼ˸ɫϼȻĵ˵ͷڵľ֣㿴ƵΣǳþס˵֮
һһ㶣ŵ֣ľĳΪƵѾľĳ裬Щľĳ֪ԭǺڻôõڣƵЩ
һɫĻ˵ϼȴǹһЦľȷʵˣ˵㣬ĳҲټƵǺһᣬľǰУ֪ľֿ뷨
һ״Ե棬ҿ˵ˣǺĲ֣Ǹռݣûݺ͹ϵǲܴߵġȻΪӣ񶼻˻죬ĻȥǲҪҰ
ϼһЦûᣬλʦʦ£
ţһ˿ˣ¶Űɵλ£
⻰гĵ̲סʦ˵ĶԣǷǵԴľѽǺģܹһأ
һ¶ŵӣҡͷôܣ˵ЩһյӲǧѡٰ㿼죬ôǾܴҽȥ
һФŵĵӼһţҲǺһЦľ˵ŵӣЩӣһûʾ츳ûʵֵȻҪǧѡľͬʦǵĽܣţȻһµӣΪʽҲǲܵİ
ȷʵ˵ȡ˵ӣҲΪ֣һŵĵӣЩףǱ͹׶˵Ҫɸѡڶ־ǰ·ҵ͡
ڶŵĵӣҪ⼼ܣ츳⣬Ҫ̽ƤӶһô򵥡ֻһϼǺˣϣһؿҲǵƵĽ
˵ĵһһȻ־ϲĿˣѵλǴĺӲɣ


ڰ Ӧ
һԾ⡮ĸ֣λǹһ˿ԵõЦݣ˵ͷ
ȻԵ֮⣬ǿһݣһȻǲܾˡһλʦţ˵ҲǲСĹһպȻþܾҲˣǶһġ
ʱԱ߾˰εҲ΢΢һЦҵȴ˴ǰΧֻû뵽Ȼľšľ֮ţΧȴǿϧˣʽ룬һͬȥҺ󣬲֪Σ
Էڱ¶ݲ֮£һһϻ̳ϿֵͷȴǰЦϼŵһϷȷʵ൱ʦݿҲãȻǰ롣ֻǣһھʹӦҲ֪᲻ǵĻɣҸáǿǡźá
һüͷ΢壬˼ǳФֳһ˿΢΢ףǶһĳΪ͡
λѺֵĺ⣬ľĳˡǺڣľĳ֮ءȻԼľĳǵԸֻǴ˼仹ЩҪ֪
һӦФŽһгǺЦ֮ˣﻹô׸ľֺαںЩأ
⻰һ¶һ˿ЦϼΧʦ֣ǲ֪ľƵвСҵÿսʯʮ򣬾Ҳ۲ôļҵɲ˵Ͷġ
⻰۳ﻹФŶһںÿµнٺҲʯӣ˸һиʮʯͲˡһÿ춼ʮĽȴС׼ˡ
ǿһʱͷͬʱĽѹ˵ʦʦǲʯԭô׬Ǯϧû츳
ĽĽҲʲô֮ĻϾҲҪơ¡ءСơվڵڶλָľʯ֮࣬ɼʯжôҪˡ
ڳ֮УһôһҵҲǱʾһʱԴԼһͬĵȥɿԿ̺֪һ˼һҲû̴Ӧֻǵ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
֮ͺһЩȸһ˵ˣڴ˹֮УҸǸ˿ڣֱʦʦơһΪǽ𵤳ڣʶʦܡ
һʦܿν־λʦָƷ߼ƷԲһʱ֮䣬Ф˿һ͸УƺϼҪЩǾ廷ƷʮָߣλʦܸǸ߿˼֡
ڼʦʦܵʱһöһ죬ųͽʲôܵ飬ɫȻһ䡣
ʦ㣬ѵʦǱ߳ʲôôæʵ
üͷ˵ͷʦͬڵͨ·໥Ӧʲô⣬ʦ徹ȻͬĻѶϢȻʲôɿصΣշ
ФҲԾôʦʵѾﵽԪӤڣһֺһɫֶĪ⣬ѵΧʲôܹӮùʦô
ҡҡͷüͷû˿չ˼ֵΧӦûܹסʦģһһȻǺΧмֲõĽԪӤһĸǱ룬Ҳǲˣ
ʦ˼⺣ĸǺǴ飬費Ҫ֪ͨţ
֪ͨҪ֪ͨģ֮ƻȾȳʦǡüͷһڵʦܣȥͨ£λǰȥԮʦܣФʦܣǰȥ̽
翪ڷʩϼˣû˿ԣǳǣҪ
һ˼һԼȻϼĹϵ˺󣬵ϵպվòãҪںճͷأϸǿĹϵ˴æȻһܹæȴҲѩ̿ݲ͵粻˵˵ûܸλûġʦ塯ºӡ
һˣһæǰʦ㣬˴μȻͬʦѣӵҲóǡĲ˵ﺣһǲϤģʦҴ·ɣ
Ҳû뵽һΣյ¾ȻӧͷǸ߿˼֡뵽һΪʦΪҲߣʵȻҲͲУҪھܾһһϺͼᶨУȴ˻ȥ˵ͷǺãľʦܴ·ҲãֻҪСЩҪա
һ΢΢һЦæʦģʦʡã


ڰ 
һ˷ɳƵáͬĻָʾһ·һʱ䣬㵽˵ͷϡֻãã޼ʵĴ󺣣ȴ˿ûκ˼˵ʲôˡ
üͷڵʦ㣬ô£ѵ˵
ҡͷģͬĻзӦ˵ʦڻ£ֻҴͬĻϵ֪ʦӦþڸûУȴ˷ѽˡ֪ľʦ֪ܿʲôطػǸô
һԣͷһת̸ˮĸ֮е彻һǧͷޣкЩһƬϤûֵط
õ񶨵Ĵ𸴣ɫ͡ФǺʲôʦͬоҪ̽ҵ⺣֣飬˵ֲɡ˵ÿÿ֪Ȼֶˡ˵ʦ˺һɫֶΣʹҲֶܹߡ
üͷ΢壬յ˵ͷȻˣҾһԿܲ̽λʦע⻤סԼ
һ䣬дʣ󷨾һʹٵӡǣ뺣ˮ֮УıĺȻƽƽֳ֮һȦȦƳ˷ȥ
һУһͷһԵ˵ĴйǻһɫһȻ뵱ƫ֮ˮ˵ġһɫһޡֶЩơ⡮󡯡ˮ졢Ҳա̡ӦЩеĹϵˡֶȻҲһɫֻǿ̬䱾ʵĹȴЩڣʹС˲١ҲعܣֻܷЩǷֲˣٳҲ١
뵽ǲĳһ࿴ȥǹһ˿ЦݣȻͨЩ
ǲƳ˷Զȥضû˿綼Ҫʱ򣬺Ĳ΢΢һͣƺʲôĶˮϵӡ
æ֣ɬˮʱʮˮͬһ㣬ܻѰʲôһ㡣
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һһˮϡѴһ⻪ӿֻһ͸ģͬݴСһСڿС
⡮Сɫһ䣬ȵռ֮ʱգ
ФҲԱɫһŵĳ濴˿ʲô˴˷ɱһ㡣һ״ҲɵóһԷڣû뵽ȻǷڸֲյĿռ֮
ʱһŵЦǡС֮д̫ӱץϵľͷһû뵽СѾͷȻ֮ͨ̽˱̫ӵܣˣͲܷǣҽɣ
ԣߺáҪߡռ֮Ҳ䡮ռ䡯֡û˶о˷ƺضڸԼһ㡣˵ˣһתȫҪɶݶѡ
ǣ֮ϺһӰһֱͬӱط֮СƬ֮һзƽ˾ƺʲôûгֹһ㡣
ȴ˵һ˱롮С֮УҲûܵʲô˺ֻĿڤԼͶԷûһʵڡ
һȴԱߴɫһϲʦ壬ʦȻû£˵䣬ͬĻһĨһͬҲͬĻƿ֮Ѹٷɽ
תۼ䣬һֳɫ޸˾ͳǰͳФæʦ塯״һ֪˾ǻӡĺϣҲͬݺһʦ塯
Ӽˣ˵ͷһûᡣѯһ˵ѾϼȥƵλ֮󣬲ĵ˵ͷ
һҲ˿ѯʡһΪʦԸ뺣󣬻ȹؼʱԸͬиյ˵һ⻰Ҳʶһһ֤֮Ҳͬ׼ӡ
ȻҲ˽Լ齻һԭڵġˡԼ̽׽ǷˡѰһµ׺ۼʩչ֮̽ͷ˵ΪȻûԶݡ
λԪӤ׷˷ǵû˿η壬ֶԸԪӤڵĸ֣֮£Ȼּ˿ռ֮ڴ˼䲻ѡ
Щǳﾪֵʵʦ壬˾Ȼܹռ֮ѵǴ˵е߼壬Ƿֲɣ
ԣҡҡͷ⵹ǣ߼壬ּ֣ǣҲòÿռ֮סһҲ弶ڵΪȻѪȽǿҲ൱ˡ֮Եռ֮Ӧһˡֻʱ򣬲ûע⣬ͽ˳ûҿУһʱ֮ҲţҲ޷ƿնȥˣпʲôǷʲôô


ڰ ʮ̫
⻰ҡҡͷѰҲֻ֡Сһȿռ䡣׼ҪߣͱյˡҪ˵ʲôĵطҲԳʲô̫ӡ
̫ӣɫ΢΢һ䣬뵽ʲôδȷ
һ״֪һĻᣬڵʦ壬ڱռһɲǣǼһ˫ӰͲ֪ǲʲôˡ
Ӱ޵Ҳ˱ɫҡͷãõĲǷǱͨȻԳ̫ӣ٣ǶȻ⺣ʮ֮еڤйϵˣ˵ڤʵ̫ӡ
áڤʡ֣һɫνʮʣҲ˵ԷĳƺŲͬ⺣ǺϵĻߣǴﵽˮ׼ĸֲӵеĳƺšڤʱ֮һ
ڤʱڤǼ̳Ϲ޴Ѫ壬пռͨٶȿ£սҲԶѰ塣ڤ߼壬һߣʵҲ˵Ϊµݶ
ʮֻ̣ϲӵݺԵֲ棬ǴСģϾͳϵģֶͷʹѡ
Ҫ˵Ǻ⺣ǿģһλڤʣҪһԸģһˡ
ΪΪսҲ˵һٶȺͿռֱͨͬûʮˣ׷ɱһĸֻ֣٣඼׼ɽ٣˭Ҳûĸ
뵽һĿѲ£ͷʮֲӣԭЩԸˣȴֲò¿
ʱǰ׽һ֮ʱ¸һЦǺû뵽ôһͱ˱̫ӵʵݡҾڤʮ̫ӣ֪̫ӵݣ°ݸʱ
Цüͷ΢¼Ȼڤʵʮ̫ӣΪҪûݵ飬͵ǺѵΪҺǳزɣ
ʮ̫Ӹ¸ЦǲǳҲ֪Ǳ̫ӿǳģϲ⣬ЩŮˣһϸƤ⣬Եı̫ӿǿڻĲаڱ硭˵Żĸֿڸ
⻰ڳ˶һθȻҶ֪ҪˣⷬҲЩܲˡȻﾺıȻ飬ȴף۶ôôһͬʣȴйиԼͬ屻˳ˣܲǺܵ顣
ˣŭһͬ󺣳ֱӽʮ̫Ӵϣʮ̫ӣҲҪȦˣǺ㶨ȻȰ˵׽˴غ󣬱ʳ֣ҲǾȲ㡣
ʮ̫ӼϣҲ¸һЦץңŶûУ̫ӻȱůŵѾߣģȻ㲻ʶʱǾݹֱ̫²ˡ
⻰Խ˵Խ䣬ͬʱռ佥һЩ仯ȲȵСģΧҪʩչֶˡ
¸£̫ʩչֶΣ˭ҲסСҲûãұͨռ֮иռ䣡
һ䣬һƴƾȻνиһеĿռơЩչٶȻ죬ʵʵĴڣ˷ֳط໥֮ڲܽӴ
Ҳû뵽ʮ̫ӾȻôһ֣һáּųˮɫƥҪסˡռ죬һˮɫƥȺ˺顣ǿռ䶸תһۻ֮ռԷֿ
һֱӱѹпռĵײΨӻϷһɫӰȥʮ̫ӣȻѡ˷ֶ֮ƵֶΣҪȶԸ
ȴ˵һѹռײǻɵһƬ˵棬ʲôûСҲʵڣʶҪʹ֮ҲǲС
һҲţһͽͷˮĸ֮УĴ֣СףСۼһ˵Ϊϴɫһ䡣
ϣҲ֪ʮ̫˴ԭ򣡡ϴ֪Լ鸽ֻ֮ҪжĶȻᱻڡ
һҲϴЩ˼Ҳֱ̽飬ҪԼ˵˵
ϴ鸽֮ʱ±ݣǺ尲Ǻļϸ¹ڤ¡ÿܻ꣬ʹǰ¡ǽϽˮһո֮ʹǰֱʣΪб䣬ʮ̫ǰ̽ġ
һŻȻףԭһʱ鷳ȻԼǳȻôˣ΢ЩΣܹм뺣ĻᣬҲԼʲô


ڰ ռѰ
˽⵽ȥһҲֻ΢΢̾Ϣ㲻ȥʲôѯν
ʱǱĺʱˣһıߡСѾͷǱ뺷Сȭͷ˵ҪˮĸŴֱӽռơˮĸĴڣһضҴӦСѾͷ˵пԾǹ⽩ʬϹģʮ̫ӷõʱԪӤֽһֽռƣʮ̫жֶΣҲʹòҪΧ
ֻһ飬ͷͬЦⷨӿеǿˣֻһʵʩͻأĶɱһ̫ӣȻҪɡ
ڲصúҲͰˣڲزã©Ϣʱľʣ߼壬ѰڸָѲڤʡǸʱ򣬱˵һֻԪӤ֣ʮ¶˼һ̵ġ
һĵ׽ã˿һԱĿµСף΢΢һЦСףʲô취ô
⻰С׻һ˫ȻЩԹĿһһۣ㲻ô֣õűô
һЩζͷɵһ壬ȷʵЩոֵ֡ʱ򣬶ûнйСװæʱȴ뵽С׳ıߣȷʵЩʱŵζ
һԵĴСּɵһ㶡ڳ֣ϻۣϳɾһͶһ£֪λԼ˵ݲͬһͷԼЩû˿ʵ˼ּɡ
ϾǿһȻϣȴʵʵ塣ȻΪֹ¶๫ƽʣ¾һôԴʵֶε£պǰ;һһʵҲǲܡ
ʱΪһ¶Ȼв˵ӡʱܲһˮƽǾͲ˵ˡ統ˮĸܹ֮õͬΪԭ򣬾Ϊˮ飬˷ܹΪСһһţΪĸǺγһƽ⡣
һȻпЩֵֶΣҲܹ̽ǵ˼Ϊ˽ܹոԸֶΡʶֻһȺСЩɫȴ֪ͷȻ뷨
ԱŸʱСѾͷɲЩСС׽˵öԣЩˣæˣþûȥˡ
Ȿǡͬ顯£ͬսߣȴ֮ΡСҲٱǹһ˿Цݣٴչ¶ǵò
һΣûŵģһε飬ȥ棬ȥǺĺĵȥΧǷʮٱô涼治ءȰһȰС׽ɣ
⻰ܵջ˵ͷתͷСףһҡС׵ֱ۵С׽㣬ͰɣֻҪ˵õҲС׽ȥ棡
СѾͷͷ֪棬һҡȴҡСͷ̧ͷһһۣ̾һ촽΢ŵ˵֣ڳ˶û̶뷨ֶ˵һԼ
С׵뷨ֶΣһ۷Ź⣬ֽкáܿһзڳ壬׼һ׷ǹǧϹҲ˵һܿˮĸæ
ǰС˵֣ûΨСѾͷ̫ͲС˵ǡԩҡֻ֣̫С˿˿ζ֮ǾǺˡ
ȴ˵һͷջ壬˿ܣû˿仯ǹһ˿Цּ䣬ȻһµķģһģһȦ⻪ڵĿǰ
ֽһɽ˹ȥξǷɽû״Ҳ˽ȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬һռϡһռǿտյҪǰһҪЩּ佫һʹɳСɡ
㹻ˣǶһʩչƽƽռݣѰӦҪһЩ
Сԣ˵ͷһšʱʮӰͬʱʮСӰͬʱʩչƽڣȥˡ
һ״ҲѧȻֳܷǸӰĽԷֻʮͬʱͷ졣
֣Ҳ֪̽˶ٴΣٸռ䣬ռ䶼ǿտյеĿռ澹ȻѹһЩ壬һǽˮ׼˵ʮ̫ӳʣõġ
ЩˣһСҲȥܡһ̽˽ǧռ䣬һһͷŽһռ֮СһƬռ䲻ǿտյһ쳣֮Уһ
һһ䣬һԵСЦҵˣ


ڰ 
һҵҪĶС׻ּ佫ӰջرաƽƿĿӣҲ͹һӰһҵڡ
̽һ֤ȷʵ֮󣬶һЦһֱӳһ˹ȥƬ֮󣬶˳ǰۿֺʤͷݵľԸӦڱ⣬˵ⶨȻһڡ
Ա⣬Ҳżҡһ䣬ɫӰϢҲȻһ䣬Ȼá̤ѩ޺ֶۡģʮ̫ӵϢ
һ׼̧žͳǹɱȥҲ֪ʮ̫ΪԼ㣬̫ţûƽֶͨΡ⹬ֻ֮еȸûڡ
һС׳ֱ룬û˿谭빬֮У˷û˿Σգѡͷ¡һ߹ķ䣬౦һڣÿһ䷿䶼˸챦
ЩƷķҩ֮һӣϲϡϣҩģԼôıѾ߹ķ䣬ͱȵϴˮҪöࡣźķ䣬ԼС߹һ·⣬ʮˮػҪࡣ
˵ҲˣȻ⺣Եƶ񤣬ƶҲֻǶ²߶ԡʮ̫һΪʵϵԼ֣ϵʹţ¶һ֡ټʻ̣޶ȣӣҲ֪˶ٺô
ңЩ֮ơһײϴζˮ֪ˡҡĺôһﻹЩ־ûнֹֻҪһӣӿռһĸһͱÿտҲʵ¾ʮ̫ӣһˮĸֱӽߣҲòô鷳
һһ·ȥٻƽÿһֵʮʯıˣȡòֺһ·ı⾡ȡ֮󣬲һ̫ӵĵ֮С
Сױһȵһˣָָ֮ϣĵطһһɫĶ
ռǽڤһıͨϡͷʲôʮ̫ӣΪûдﵽˮ׼Ҫʱȹ̿ռͨǲܵġһᣬİ취Ȼڤʳ֣ͨ˳ƳڷĴڡĺôǣڤһԼͨһܹķʽʹóıͨõǿôﵽڣ϶ΪһͨãпܳΪһͬѰĴͨ
С׵ĽͣһȻĵ˵ͷ˵һռĺڣֻҪƻᣬܹƿռˣ
С׵˵ͷһıڣֻҪȥˣȻܹƿռʲôʮ̫ӵƵȻ޴ˣ
ԭǰƣСľһȿռ䶨Ȼһڣеġƽкǿƽռ֮һʱС׵˼ͷһת뵽̽ȿռģȻһٴƿռĶԲߡ
õС׵ȷϣһ΢΢һЦǽ֣־Ҫնһᡣնһ룬ȴ˻ͷС׵˵һڷĴڣǲ˵Ҳʹã
Сû뵽һ⣬Ҳ˼һһͷڤıͨᣬѰֱȡǵʹãҪʴ֮¶죬ǾͲǲˡ
һϣǹһ˿ŵЦãȺöֱӻȥˣҲ̫ϧջȥܹƳһ׸ȻС˵ڹؼʱ̻ܳΪأ
һ˵СҲÿɷֻǺɫ΢䣬ҷӰ˺Щˣֹ壬壬кüȻԪӤڵˮ׼ħˣҲˡ
һԣͷһתЦãúããǲһͻأһŸպܹˮ㡣
˵ţһСעǰ׼ʲô
˰ΣС׿ڵǿʼֹˣ
Ȼһ΢𶯴˽ȻЩֳ֣ȿռ䶼Ӱ쵽ˡ
һǹһ˿Цݣһʱˡּ̧䣬ǽһʮʮ٣ٵ֮ÿһзֻǧӰʮ⽣Ӱ裬Χȥ
һ⼸ĳɹĥݣڿ򽣵İԼܸо޽򽣡ľǰ


ڰ ռ
ĽӰԣҲоΣ֡Ϊת͵һǣʮҪ
һĽǰܹӲѰԪӤ֣۽򣬽߳ͽɷľһ̨ס⽣Ӱ֮ϬһõķֵܹġӲ£ѤĻҽһ˻ȥ
Ȼ󲻳ɣֻһ͵һСԭðٷ֮һͬһƬëҪҵ϶ȥʮӰΧǽǲӬɲȥֻٴڶء
СѣһǵŭϲԣһЦñԹպ󽨹ҵٲأ
˵䣬һĴӿ³ȥͬʱһһ̧֣ϼӳֻӳһ౦ľͳ̽˹ȥ
ᱻסϴһÿʶ˵ͨ½ĸϣʱͰ˲١һ̽Ҫȴǻһվûձһץ
һ౦ľ˹ȥʱͰ˳ֻһĸо滹ӵĽƣһ˿л꣬˵һʮ̫ӵķһ㡣
ñҽȥɣһ΢΢һЦһţƵˮĸ֣һԶ˽룬ֱѹȥˡ
⹬֮еһһЦЦСҲ˼һʹˮĸȥˡ
ͬʱӴս˿ռ֮;ٶȵʮ̫ӱռϷ磬ƮÿÿӴôֲʱʮ̫ӸеԼѹռᾹȻʧĸӦȻɫŭһҪƿռȥ
ΪԮˣʮ̫ӳȥٽǸиƵֶΡһˮ࣬ǵصĴˣ֮б仯˷ʮ̫Ӻ˹ȥ
ᣬʮ̫ļ٣ӲϷԼȥʱΪǶԷƺˡһʱ˫ͨ죬ŭڲıͨ˫ԳһռƳɱȥ
û˸ѹıͨʩչռֶȴ̫ٶܹͬԸӣ˺Ƭαˡ
ӼԷռ֮ȷԼ룬ָûΣּ仯Ӱʮ̫롣
ʮ̫Ӹоʧȥ֮ԼȿռԽԽʱбƵĿܡһʩչֶҪͻƣһ뵽ԼӰ㣬ƿڴѡ
ȫ֣ʮ̫ʮϢʱ򣬺һռ𵴴ƿըһĴ죬ȿռѷЩѷ첻йֻӿȥȿռ᧿Σ
оԼȿռ䵽˲ƵıԵ֪ٲ޸Ŀ๤һʮ̫Ƕͷŭ򵨱һǣþըһĺȻԼȿռˡ
һȺˣħϼϢȥƵλԪӤִѶǰÿһһλ൱ԪӤڵĸ֣ԼһƬΧƺʮˡ
֮ʱܿͷôһȿռ䷽Уһžȥǲ֪ǣǳֵʱһڲͽѹȿռߡһʱ䣬мǿȿռ䱻᧿Σ
ʮͼҪռƵʱ򣬺ıըȴǽ˾һʱûˣӱըģ˷ɽһɫݹͣľͳⷽȥ
λ׽ôˣǺɱ¾֮ˣӱըõɶ𣬼ʮ̫Ҫӣæе
⻰ֺɣһݶݹ׷ȥЩּʮ̫֮ˣǶһ٣׷ȥ
ʮ̫ڤһ壬ٶȿνĿ£˵֣ͬٸһĸ֣Ҳһܹ׷ϡȻһռ䣬˱ͨᣬʻڣ͵ᣬͬһ㣬ɿĳ⺣ȥܿҪ˳ȥ
ǺмĲãǺ׵顣Ҳǲˣû뵽һ磬һͷײ棬ٶ͵һ͡
ͷһȺ׷ȴһͷ壬ҲմȾѪȻϡٶҲԶͬ٭˲ñ㿴ǰⷸ˾ȻͬѪӸ߹
ǵûϧŹһһ˿ҪɱֱѪʹԼΪһ¥뷨
¸һЦˣȻܵǺңͬķϣҾ͸һʹɣ


ڰ лȸ
ʮ̫νͬ壬β֪Է뷨õʱ򣬶ͷͽԷװռ֮УôŪôŪǻƽȮ۵ʱ򣬲ͨɥʧ룬ʵҲֻܷӳɲͬĶ֡
ʮֻ̫ˣҴ̫ӵע⣬ֻҪ̫ӻص⺣ȻټˣʬΣ
⻰ٵķݸ֣ͷһҲԷݣá̫ӡ֣ȷҲ֪ڤʵͷɵһ˿⡣ܿ죬ͽĨȥϾΪı˵׷ǿѪҪģʲôֻҪǺҲͲʲôڤˡ
¸£ʲô̫Ӳ̫ӣ̫ӣҲݵķˡȰ㻹ǲҪǹԹԵĽѪһԿһлתǾ͹ֲ
⻰ʮ̫ɫ࣬ɱӹˣб˴ٵľ飬ŭֱðȴǲ֪λ졣
ټػڶҪ׷ˣŭһһ˫ֻӥצ͵ľͳʮ̫ץ˹ȥʮ̫ȴҲзһͬצץ˻
ͬմȾѪʮ̫ȻҪٸӸ߼Ҳǿ˲١һٴ˼
һʱʮ̫Ҳ׷ýˣ֪Щ׷ԼҪ䵽ĵزȥ
Ŵٵļ϶ͷһæıͨһƬɫë͵ĳǽ˹ȥһը죬һ롮ƽƵĿڽ֮ϡ
ٴһã׷ϵüļʮ̫һͷǿ֮Уʧˡ
ˣʱ׷ˡ׷ں棬ͱӸ֪ʮ̫ӵݡȻΪڤʵ̫ӣǲöɱˣҪǾɽǺ澡ʧԾҪץס֮ɱôɵͷá
ֻһʮ̫ӾʧǰļƲ߶ʱաѯʹ٣֪ʮ̫˱ͨȥһʱ֮ҲǣҲǣȴǶû˶Բߡ
󣬻ʮ̫ӵѪ߳ƣ⺣ȥ̽һ£ʮ̫û̫ԶֱץߵԶˣֻʵͷˡ
飬ʮ̫ӹѺõӺ˶ʾͬ⣬ħŸҲû飬ǻҵ壬ҲԱ˵ͨӦ˴¡ʹ߼Ҹһ֣Ϳʼһ
ȴ˵ʮ̫ıͨǺǿӵƵǺ֣䷢һҪطǺһȺ˾ɱ
Ҳ֪һȻռᶪʧըƿռʱԴŪԪˣʮ֮ڲܶñͨǲСĴãΪҪˣӴ֮ٲܽ߾硣
֮ԼӰ仯Ҳ֪ﲻǾ֮أҪݹ⣬ϳȥʱƱãǰһڵĸֽΧסԼһ󷨽롣
ʮ̫Ȼһϸһȴ棬һ˿ʮϤϸһʱŭۣʲôΧס̫ӣѵҪ췴ɣ
ԭʮ̫ϴνǺĿıҲϴ棬һȻȴѹġֻû뵽ǵûҵۣ˴˲˵ӳǺڵ
ϴѾͶһ£֪ԼݣȻλʮ̫ӵжôҲ˿ΥһԸɳ˶ˣһͬɱ󣬾Ҫʮ̫ӡ
ϴԼʮ̫뵽ʲôɫһȵðû뵽һﾹȻͽͶǺһͽѹǰҲ㣬һȺΧɱֻû뵽ͽȻ׷ѵ±⺣巢֣նɱô
ϴͷ̲ѣȻͶһȴûͶǺ壬ǰЩΧɱʮ̫ӣȫˣǣõԼϡ
ϴƵʱ򣬹ΪһԸͷˣŭһҳְɣսپ㽫תݻ֮еͳʮ̫ɱ˹ȥ
⻰ϴɳ˶Ӧŵռλݻ׻ȸͷӰɱȥ
һˮĸ伮裬˵ģĿľڶԸֵʱһɱﵡ
ǿĪڹռ䷽λѪλûӰɣξϴռλѪΪûӰҲǿĳɳ˶ռݵİ׻λ͹ռݵȸλȻ˲٣Ҳǿһ
ټͨɱֵԪӤϳ֣ܹ֮ԪӤڸһ


ڰ 
ʮ̫ӱԪˣ֣ͬټһ󷨣ﻹס㱻ñףƤ
ʮ̫ӵҲӲûһֻǲס仯ԭΣӲֻȭŽ֮£Ӳı˻ڶãǲܱ仯
ۼǺĽҲҪʮ̫ϢȻԽԽȴӲţ˲ɵЩˡһҪͷʮ̫һʶǿĺϻ֮һȴǲʩչ
ʮ̫Ҳܿ㿴˵˼һתʱ˾ȻǺһߡǺͷɵһ˿ϣ
ʮ̫Ϊϣʱ򣬺һҵĿ͵ĴͷƺʲôȻ㵹һ㡣
ʮ̫͵̧ͷȥֻһԲСı飬ϸһ֮Ũһ̺ϢĹ֮ԼֻһĴڡͬʱоһѪƺֻҪԼ־ԲᶨҪС
Ϊڤ̫ӣȻΪ㲻ʮָʶȴѰеʱ֪ʲôֳ֮ɫŴеˮĸǾȻˮĸ
⻰ˮĸ֮дһߣССȻ֪ˮĸĴڣǵҲãһ࣬ˣֻҪͶˮĸտһƤó
ǻһ壬⻰ܾͰư͵ĴһԸͶˡʮ̫ȴǲͬڤһ壬ʮǰˮĸʢʱҲûгˮĸһ塣
ʱǣˮĸո׽øΨڤܹƾͨߡȻڤͨҲӵˮĸ˾磬ͨ쳹صܡ
ֻһˮĸȻȴҲҪƤԳ׽һȺͽޣֵش٣Ҳûרǣʶһȥɡ
Դ֮ˮĸڤһԴΪʮ̫Ȼ竣ȴҲǵһҫһߵֵɱһߵֿµ֮ģû뵽ʮȻˮĸˮĸڤûгǲңڤʮ̫Ǹ߹ڤҾ᳼ģ
һ뽫Ʒû뵽һ磬æѯȷ֮ҲɵҡҡͷǺҪ򿪣ûжʱ䣬ֻôܣˮĸֱӳʮ̫ѹȥȻˣֲոǾֱɱ˻Զȡ꣬Ѫдı
ʮ̫ӳˮĸͷͷͲʹ졣һĻ޲һͷ֡ʹˮĸסʮ̫ӵϢ͵ؽˮĸݺݵѹȥ
ˮĸǵˮĸԴ죬ȻƲ٣ܣһͷ弶ܹ͵ģһ»ųͽʮ̫ѹôǽһ˻ȥ
ˮĸѹǺʱ򿪣һæعˣʹѹʮ̫ӡ
ӣʮ̫ȫǶϡžž۶ϣƤѪһҽУѹϣߴΣȻһ
һͷʱˣһˮĸ֮зɳĳʮ̫ɱ˹ȥ
һּգʮ̫˵˲䣬Ӧ㱻ţֱࡣ⻹㣬ڴ˲䣬仯ٵ⣬˿һ㣬ʮ̫֫ٺٲ˵ͨһǻԲһС˳
һУ΢΢һЦѪһö˻Ҫɣ滹Ѫ֮ÿһ˫ᣬΪһϺ÷
⻰ֿˮĸʮ̫͵̧ͷ˫ͨĶһЪ˹ĺ㣬ԭôһһ㣬ССʿҵıͨıңڻɱңȡѪҲİ
һЦܿܣ˵ʲôϲϣ̫ӣȴҪһΪͨһˣһɳ죬ǳΪҵĵʯԹԵȥɣ
˵䣬һǽ֮Դɱ¾ܴ򿪣ʱʮ̫ۺ֮ͬˮһǽ֮С⼸ŬѾ˵ƵǽϣзƶʼѸٵߵ
ʮ̫Ҳоһ飬ֻȻҲ壬壬ȴûмֶΣֵͬʱͷķ񣬷ſֵˮĸ˫֣͵һͷ­ͬʱɣȥһΰɣ


ڰһ ڹ
һ˽˿ʮ̫ȫǱѾԼѹεÿտҲĹ˳Ϊ̫ҲûֶΣֻܹԹԽ֮Լǽһ㡣ҲͻأıȴЩֲ
һչ״ĳʮ̫Ӷͷϣʱǿ͵ɿСǱ걾ԴҲһԶͶ֮СһæҲȡһ֮æ˺
ʮ̫Ӹһеһ򵥡ǵͬʵʣųϢȻʮ̫һ޶
һ֮дģΪͨӮôиһԴģܹƵģһҪɱ㣬ͨһҪˮĸ֪ڤһĶ
һ䣬ǵĳһβͬɽһ㣬ֱֱĳһ˹
оһԴƴһѰԪӤֻҪͣһҵֵæ𽣹ͳˮĸȥֻҪɻظ˵һԪӤһʮԪӤҲ˵
һһǵԴľͻأʧһ˲䣬͵ĳһˮĸ֮䣬ĳ˹
Ȼпռͨ
һһ۱㿴ֶΣһǧһ֮ʣһյĶ˿ȥһ̣ǱԴֳǰ
һһľôһ׷һӣһٶ죬ȴǱȲñԴпռֻͨÿÿնܿԸΣյ
ˮĸ֮Уһ׷ɱﻹסæʹˮĸһǱԴĳɹȥԴʮ̫ӵĲлƣˮĸ鶯˲֪ж٣ÿÿɹͽһԶˡ
һ׷ʮۼǽҪˣһתǧͷ뷨뵽һֳһͷͽ̨֮УӱҶ·ȡһöĵ
䣡
һɫǵĺħһ֮䣬һöԸ塣
Ȼһʹͻʣһͨļ£ȴǻ˿ʲôԴġȻһǱԴ֮ʮ̫ӵʶоԣԭ鶯ıԴԵɬޱȡ
Ȼᣬһæˮĸ˹ȥҪС˲䣬ԵûججıԴ͵ķų⣬еˣ㾹ȻħҵӡȻҪһɢúݰ㲻һҾһͬھɣ
ԴϹ⻪һӱըϢʮ̫ӾȻҪʹͬھֶΣҪԱоɱһ
ȻһһҪصˮĸһվûڱը֮ǰɡ֮еһСףɫˢľͰ
Ѿͷƽϲ֣ʱȴҲ侲֪ʱܽһӽˮĸ͵ؽˮĸŴԳһСɽһǰñը֮ײˮĸ֮ϣ֮󣬾ȻͬһڵԶȥ
ˮĸֵųɾŵıը֮ʣµǿľˡһ׼ջֶΣҪǮĳ׹עͬʱһӳʮɽסͬһһ㡣
ⱬըʵʱƷı׶ù⻪ѡˮĸһ㣬һҲûӵΪڵĽֱӳͬˮĸķ˳ȥ
ˮĸһⱬըҲй˴룬µŰһͽɢǣǺĽڴ򿪣ӣˣٵ˷׷׷˳
ΪԪӤĸ֣Ƕĸоǰһһǿޱȵıը֮û׷ʱֶΣʶȴǲġ
ڳΪŵľ٣æʩչֶҪҵʮ̫ӡʩչ˺üֶΣȴʲôûеõͬһȫں֮еӻּһϢһһѪΡԱˣŵȼӦԪӤѪҺϢǷųӦʮ̫ˡ
ħŴ֮⣬Ѫϴ¥ĸ֡Ѫϴ¥ó٣ɱһ֮£ʶ˵ϢųɾŶǶԵġþųʮ̫Ա˲ɫһ䡣
ʮ̫ӣҲ⺰ɱ뷨Ҳ׽ȥϲ㴦á֮û뵽Լ׷ȴ־Ȼ˱ƵԱǱ˷֣˵Լûгֻɱ̫ӣҲûˡ
ڳ˾Ƿ֮أ˭˵þǱڹο϶һͳǺȥæָս
ɲɣʱһƺķɹΪ׵߰ˣԪӤһ塣ΪһǵǺϵϴĺɫݹ⡣ż˵ʮ̫ľȱ


ڰһһ ĵ
ǺһȺˣѰʱôһȺͷҪϲϣɱһӶԷĲƸʱȴûһܹЦóֻĿһȺɽɿĻָǺĽ
һȺǺô־ۼҲǳһǷǰ˻أֻСķɹ˭֪һȺǱģ͵һᣬͷѪζһֱ棬Ȼȷ˭˵ѪһϵԵɣȴҲ³ʮ֮˾š
ٴǺֵжΪ׼棬һдǿ׵ĺŭһǺɱʮ̫ӣϰҪŹǣصʹǶһ
⻰Ҳ֪ٿǰҲ׷ײ³ˡʵ顯뵽ǻ̶ײеڤʣʱһȣҲʵǿ״ĳǺ˳ȥ
Ǻ˼״Ȼ֪鲢Լģʱ˿̣Ҳ֪˵ʲôôҲǰ״Ҳͣٽ˼䣬ܿͷ˹һ˸ָһ˸ֵһȺû
һȺΪڤʹﻤܣҪǵСҪʶֶ֮սһ㣬û˿ءȻͬΪǺִһֲˡ
õǣǺԪӤࡣǿܹһߵֵ£һ߻ָȴҲ˿иΪرӣ֪˵ûԳʱһܲˡ
սʮǺڽ²úãųн»֮æʱٴνǺ⺣ָ˽ĵֵҲ֪Ҫȴǲˣȥ˵þһ
ֻڤ£Ҳн֮ڵֶΣǲܲȥΧǺѲһһȺֲѣȴҲܽƣ޷Ҳֻһɻʹȥˡ
µҪ֮£ǺȻѣʱû֮ǣҲò˶١Ͼûͱôһڹͬʱ뵽ڤʵѲҶ֪¾ûꡣ
һʶһпǺ⺣Ĵս֮û˭ԸͣҪæŸϻظ㱨¡
ƬҲҪһһִսԼĵ̳սԼڻңԼУҲ˻һ£ǲҡ
һԭۼһȺֵĺûаӰƽĺ棬ƺ¼һ㣬žһ㡣
һ֦⺣Ǻιϵҷһߣȴ˵һʮ̫۱ԴԱըȥ
һɣͲֶ֪ԶһĵȴǾ⣬ⱬը֮Ȼˮĸֵ˾ųɾţֵֵ˾ųɾš൱ԪӤԱǺֶҪ˱ᣬȻֻ֮һȴҲһСĲɽͨҲ˺ѣͲܿԼ塣
һͷ뺣ˮʱ򣬺ˮı̼£΢΢оĴڣֻһ˺ѵʹȴ۵죬תὣɷȷ˵ʹֱӾҪιȥ
⺣ˮ֮УһʶǿĻѰ֮ˣʳȥ˹⣬Ȼ볣һ㣬ȴҪ˲٣ˮҲȥ˲ǿһñ޻ǿ֣ȻͲˣںˮ֮УʱȥΣա
ֻܿЦҪͷתԪȴȻķ֣Ȼ۲첻ԼĵԺ̨ĴڣƺʲôبԴȪ
Ծѡ˾֮£Ҳû취ֻһ߲ϵظӦ̨һȡǿתЩ΢Ԫע뱦֮Уγһ㱡ı֣סһֹϮҲΪ˸ˮϡ
һںƮҹúôͼһֱֱĳ˵Ȼܹ鱦׵Ĺֱ֣Ӵͷϣһʱ䣬˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ʱȥ˶ãһԼѾ˺󣬴ʱȴһɽĲݶ档ֻǶͷתԪȴֵ̨ûиӦΨһתĲ˺Ѹܹ࣬ԶֻҪЩѡ
ʱһŲ洫һСĿȥþȻһʮһС˽֮Ա𲻳Էʵ䣬ȴһմϸˮֻǿ


ڰһ С
СڣһתŵˣðΣһûжС˻´һҲ˵ʲôӻͳöӣڲݶϾߡ
һ״Ҫڽסȴε÷֣ԼᣬڶЩΪѡ
СҲԷģȻ֪ʲôطʱҪǾظΪʲôΣնѣʮܡ
һȥһǧٱĳԹֻ̨ͨǶû˿Ӱ졣޷֮£ֻȫεεԪͻָ
˵Խǿ󣬻ָԽǷȴͬǿ󲢲ǿòಹġȻÿʹ֮ȫҩ֮лǲвҩڡ
ЩҩƽɾһĶȹؼʱ̣ȴľҩЩ΢Ԫ̼ЩҩǷԼ֮أ׷׸ֳĵط
˼չһо󲿷ֵ˶õ޲ֻ˳Kֻԭǧ֮һˣҲʮˣϾԭͿȽᵤޣָǧ֮һȽҲȵ϶ޣһԱˡ
ĵգ⴫ϸȥ⼸չԼСӵĺֹʲôƬ֮󣬳ʧ˳˽̧ͷȥ˲Сһڵͷ
ͷһ԰ڷŵѾЩɿݵĹӣʱһԴŵʲôˣǲһӳˣ
һԣϥڲݶѣӳˣҲǡ
⻰ͷƺЩţһ˫軨ֱ㶵Ķһ˫ۣΣȴʲôûп̾˿ǾͺãСӾ鷳ҪҲȲˡ˵꣬Ҫȥ
һԼ飬ڵ֪ɴԺ⣬Сӵ飬ɷ֪ң
ͷͣ½Ų˿һ˵ͷðɣȻǵϣҲһˣҾ͸˵˵飬Сǿӡ
ͷҲϯڲݶϣʼ˵
ԭ⺣һСסö塣ֻѰǹҵˡΪǱһͷͳţṩѪʳ塣ÿÿһʱ䣬´Сͻس嵽С׽壬
һͷʮֲüͷһ壬ѵǾŰɣ
ͷ̾ϢҡͷǲǷˣʲô취Ҫ˵ӣΧʩչֻͨһͻرóҪ˵Ѫ֮ȵùЩ֡˵СӵĸĸһΣΪ˱Сӣִ򶷣󻹲ò³ô
һԣҲ˵ͷǶҰޣܿɱޣȴǲܹͨԸˡ
ͷһĬҲҽͳ˺Щĵ죬Ǿ֮以മͨʵСӾȻˣͷȴ֪ģվֽסˣܳˣԡˣȻ˵ǣͷӾͰ˵һ˵ɣ
˵꣬ͷٲ˵ʲôҡҡͷͳȥȻûһӰֻһɵĽŲ߽СӡһԳԾɴӻͳöڲݶϣͳȥˡ
Ųݶϵùӣһϳһ˿ı飬ץһöˣĳƣֿʼָ
ʱۣת۹ȥ˰ʱ䣬һУ洫һҰްĺУӵһȺľľӳɽΪһˣָһˣҪѪʳһģǾͽȥϨŭ𡣡
ԣкãһǹŪҪץһʱһСӰ˽һӾ͵һǰС˭ˡ
С赲ͷŭһҪƿ˭֪ȥоһۣǱײһ㣬ײʯϡ
˭Ҷ֣һڵأżöʯӣȻղųֵľ
һȺֶΣŵ˺ְ˽ŵץ˳ȥһʱ֮䣬ɽ֮ٴοտ
СҲûзӦЩһմҲѧֲֻۡһȻʱð
һ״һЦҪѧɣҲǲа߰ɣǿЩжɣ


ڰһ ɱ
һҲСô룬ץסСӱ㳯ߡһʲô£ͳǸȥ
ûԶúϣһͷճһ˫ȵôͷ㾫һ˫ҫʲôҽѪʳ֮ࡣ
һȻΪڣʧһ۾Ϳһͷ㾫ˮ׼ȫʢ֮ʱһָͷһƬĽɫ
㾫һ˫ۣǳܵĿЩӵתͷ֮ʱȴһСӳ߹ʱͻ⡣
㾫Ŀڳݺ壬ȴʮֵЦãû뵽ǾȻСãð޲ҼϲСˣڻڻ˵ţˮ˳ƺǲˡ
һ״Сӷ£˫ȭһֱڵһ㣬ײȥ
㾫ϵõƽŵðĵȻҶ֣һʱӦӦͱһһȦţʱǴһ㣬㲻ϵĿ׵飬㾫ֱӱһһȭԶҲ
ҷҪ
㾫ĳȴһֳֳͳ˹ʱŵˡͬʱֵǣҳ췴
һ䣬øϺǳȽţ仯ûа㣬ֻ;޴ʮͷ޴Ӻ
һһõúܣֻʦû뵽ȴҪҳɣ
ּ䣬ʮ⻪ɳ䵽ϻΪһëԳΪһСɽһСǵڵصոƵһȺԳ
Դ֪Сַʱһͷ֮У˻ָΪҪָԱһ֮󣬵óһȴܹ򿪴ԪȡһЩͼҩõͼҩǿ򿪽ӿռ䣬ȡ߼ҩ
˸߼ҩ֣ȻָܻΪؼʱ̷̣ǿԪһսԻһȺԳСܡ
һμһȺǸ߼ҩ֮أһ֪˫ȭѵ֣ҲԶֱ֣ӻԳ֡
һȺԳ֮бмͷˮ׼ټһһһ붼ΪһȺֻͷ޵ĺޣֱǿвһ㣬غϣ޶Գ˺Ƭȥˡ㾫ȻҲûѣΪСɽһԳֱ¡
ʰһȺޣһͷСӣȴСӷǵû˿֣һϲĿԼһɵĵ˵ͷҲ˵ʲôСӣһȺԳͷɽȥˡ
صɽһ͸ûһ㣬ÿվС֮ǰִţҲһϥֻûֻᱳʹճСӾȻû˿˼һҲֹ㻽ԳÿղɼʵСʳá
ǰʱȥԴһȺԳػһ˴ţһգȴ촫
һüͷһڻˣ
˵ţ𴲣СӺһȺԳﳯȥմ˸ֺޣжޣޣΪһɫƬĸǽᵤޡ
Թһصĵŭʲôһ˱֪ΪǰЩӣԼԳɱȺġ
һȺһһȺԳ߹ʱìͷתһʱս׼Ϊ˭ˣѵǰ޶նɱСľô
һԹһЦҪˣҪɱѭʲô޶˲޶ˡ
屻һһ㣬ϸȥһֻЩ΢ٹˮ׼ûУʱһЦ壬ΪһΪƭһȺҽ´󽫶ԿãҾɱ㣬ЧȣЩ֪СǣɱɱˣȺ
ں̳ϺԳЦҪһӡ
ɱһһЦ˫һ棬һΣһӰӾͳ˳ȥһһ֣һ֣ʮ䶷󽣻סɱȥ
Ϊһⲻ˼似ҪһɱܣһֲŷʵĪĽӰ֮УȴǴĳ棬Ӳһ¶ɵЩֽŷ顣
£һֶ˺Щҩãָ˾ųѰᵤ˿似׾پͽĽᵤסָƬƬѪʡ
ʱ֪Լߵ壬ٲһӲӣ÷Ըһ߲ɵľԶ̹һ÷һЩˡ
ΪץסһҪɱʱȴһƿ֮һһЦˣ


ڰһ ֻҪһ
һ䣬ʮɫݹÿһݹأͻһˣΪ׵ǹ֣໹йСˡ
һ֣һȺһԳսﻹݵʲô˵ֱӶɱȥ
˵һȺˣĶǽᵤޣͷ弶Զ֣һƬ޾ûһõġȻûȴҲӲУ͵һǰ
٣
ͺһһȺͰȥһĻУʱŵøεѣסֳ˶һȺƻĸָ˺Ƭ
һ΢΢һЦЩʱҵΪգòֶΣѾѵˡﻹʲôɣ
һûй˿ָһȻΧϣϷ䡣
һ˵ͷĿﻹʲôڣæͷĵСĲǷ£Сİɡ
һǹһ˿мЦȻǷҲΪŰ⣬ӣһᣬȥʲôץԴᷢ䡣
˵Ҫץɫһ䣬弶Ʒųʱ֪أæͷǡһԸ˹͹ֳǰȥ׽ǽȥˡ
£СѾͷҲһЦ㳯һ˹һָһˣ㹻ˡ
СѾͷһ²һһСͣһ˵ͣһҲֻÿЦͷ˵һһвԾʵС׽أôûмˣ
ԣͻȻʲôæСԴҸˣС׽סһ¯ҩأ˵ҵϽȥ
һҲһҲ֪Լһ¯ӤƣǰЩ͹ʱ䣬һ¯ҩȻǷˣû뵽ȻС׳Լס˻
뵽Լôһö弶ƷҩȻܹȬͷɵһȣæԼˮĸ֮Сǵ¯СӰִŻ
ԭ֮е໥ӦȻЧõ¯һ޻״̬ŽӤסûгַϵ
һ֣Сϳһ˿ǳЦһϾȻûһͲɵһüȴҲʵ׳ʲô⣬ָָֻ¯һ¯ҲƲסˣٲ¯Ҫϵˡ
һصص˵ͷһöҩǿתҩԪ̽뵤¯֮УԼǳĺãġӤѾԲްȻֻһҪɡ
һȴѣȫʢ֮ʱܱ֤ɼܹɵʱҩ֧֣һֵļʶ̫ܡʱҲҲһʦɣͷһʱ뵽һ
һС׼ס¯һֽɳ˶ϴɳȥˣһҪ׽ǽǰ
ûãץһʷֵӽȻãȴʵʵ弶Ϣǽɡ
üۣһм˶ϣ֪һݣæ¶һЦ
һѯ׽õ֪ͬʱ֣ССϺʱɢҲ򣬾ҪܣȴӵˣٸغϾͱ
һ߹һת׼һĹ鸽ĻһҲֱӴϵ˵˵Щ꣬ЩˣԹ٣
һʵʵ壬ͷһҪѱСһ㣬ȴϢס˵ѣֻʵС߰꣬ȴ˼ֻÿն˾ҪһˣҲм˰ɣ
һ⡮飬һõúܣǿʳҲǿֹΪ壬ȻҪΪԼ˱ġ
⻰ɫ࣬ȴһٵк֮£Ҳɱ㣬һᣬֻҪ㰾ͷһǾ͹ֲˣ
粻һ˵һ¯ҩȱҩձľѪҩҲҪֻҪһ򵶷Ѫһ򵶽ǵɽұ㣡
һ򵶣һ˫۶Ҫɳ弶壬һ򵶼ҲѱּסѲã˵ӳʲôˡʱһκڳôһ顣


ڰһ Ӥ
Уһڵ¯ǰϵŵҩԪע뵤¯֮Уά͵Ĺ̡СϵĴȡһѪˮ¯㵹ȥ
ЩѪˮ¯£ѸСΪһ뵤¯֮УЩǽľѪһħķ֮һѪ֮
˵Ѫ֮˵ħ֣Ϊ˱֤ҩɹʹõֶΡѰͨˣǵͽߣѪһɹҪ¾ǧ顣һȴͬɱ¾޹ƵҩȦس˵Ľȴûһ˼
һ弶壬ԪӤĸѪЧȵʮ˺ǧĵͽʿ
һѪˮѪĺԽԽңڵ¯֮УסġӤڽϸǧ൶Ѫٶ뾫Ѫ֮Ӥ΢΢һ֪Ҫˡ
һᵽһҩ㣬оһůǱͨľдͨļæӿѪٶȣҪһٳɵ
⻰С͹ͷӦŵѪٶȹȻ˲١Щ㣬һͷһᣬ˽һϢĽ˽ԭʵĽһȦҲ弶ô൶˺ܿͻָǰװ׾ġ
һֵĿһæټѪҾҪ
һĿһָָۣһԱˮĸһֱվһԵСӣ㵹ϧȴ汲˶ˡ˵һ򵶣Ҫһ򵶡Ҫģȥ
⻰ɴ⣬æСĲѡСӾ֮󣬶ų汲֪˵û˿¡ǡͨһ³һȥ˵һĵһ仰
Ҫ𣡡
⻰һĵ˵ͷתͷˣɱ˳ǷծǮǷЩ̫ξһ˰ɣ
ɫ䣬һɱȻǶ˱ɱ֮⡣֪ɫʱָһСӷеǣǸɱңСС徹ȻɱҽҾҪԣҪǣЩͼ壬ĶʳҾҪԹǣūǣҪǣ
ȻΪ⣬ҲСмơһȴ˿壬һЦгǽ̧һһֱնڽϣʱǷúжͣ
ߣһ򵶱㳢һʹ̫࣬˷ʱˣһ˰ɣ
һһ̧һץʵץУһ¯һ͵һŽ˽ȥһգǻһӾͻŨѪ뵤¯֮ȥˡ
õ¯֮ŨѪӤס뵤ŵҩҩԣһһݣ̧־ͽҲСһöѪȻһҩ뵤С
ѪһΡӤа˳ɵĻɹĲǵȴˡ
Ȼһڵ¯ǰգһ΢ը죬¯¯ǷһöͨɫҫŽ⣬Ӥ鵤˳Ҫߡ
ɣ
һһ˫һµӡԼһ˿ƱͷǡӤ
ӤȻԪӤƶɣЩԣվȲԪӤ֣Ȳý𵤸֣һ⡮ӡвһֶһѹʱʧȥƣԹԵƮһС
ö弶ƷҩһһҩǰҩǿʮǱľʱͨһ˿ʱһŷЩȻǶ˲١
ѹˣǲͨʮ̫ӲԪӤĸ֣ƴԱ֮ǿȷʵֵܹġ
пһһȴ˿ɥӤ¶һ˿Ȼ⡮Ӥơ컯ܹͨ磬ȴҲܹﵽġһΪֻнڣЧǴ˲ֹһ㡣
ƽһܹȫҩҪҩʹáÿҩȫһһյҩ֮еҩԪΪ
šӤһ˵㳯ȥƽĵط˴λָΪȻݲðʧҪȫ׼


ڰһ ָΪ
ϥ뵵ľУһ˫ֺǡӤһһ֮䣬ɢĵڣҩԪʼ޲ϸ΢Ľ
ķʱ⣬ʮϸ΢ľˡӤİЩԭҪ΢ĩȻһӿϵйҪˡ
ͨЩ΢ĩ̽뵤֮Уʵķ֣棬չڵ𵤣ȴԵð޹⣬ȻһγҲڽӡ
ãһһƲƶӤ
˵䣬̧һףҫŽġӤһߣֱûһСҲ׽ֱӴӺȥ
һʱ䣬ǰĵǿʮٱҩɢһǶѵľһͨӺ˵΢ĩ뵤
ǶѵľǱҩֱӳŵ飬ԭĵطַɿµĸǿľľȻǿֱͣܿǧٿסӤҩһƣʱͻָ˹һоľӤҩ֮£ϵ飬ϵ޲ϵǿͣڳű֮ǰǿķ졣
Ⱦ֮˲٣Ȼ⻪𣬵ڡӤĳ֮£һϸ΢ƶԪһƵķģڵҩ֮·ɿĻָ
ŵҩԪӤһԪ֮еԪҲڻľѹͽɫһ潥Գһ˿ɫ׵ĽɷһȻû̫仯ϵĽ·Ҳ˲٣һɹɷζƺ⽣ɷӱҪһ㡣
ϵѸٻָһͷοŹ̨ȴûа㷴Ӧһ㲻ζ˵ʵԶ޷𣬵ǿħŹ֣صıҶȵȱԸġ
˼һӤЧ֮У油һ˵𵤺;ɵĻָջ˼ӡӤһ˿ɫ⻪ɳ˳ͷѨֱԺȥ
Ȼɫ⻪һԭԺʱһ֡һϲ֮£⻪⻪ͬһˢӣܿͽԺеϴˢȥһԺ֮Сһڵ̨½ҫķ
һΪ̨ʲô⣬һ̨ްʱϲҪ̨ʱ򣬺һɫĵϢ͵һȻͷ֡һֻһʹæջͷ⻪֮УǻɫϢɡ
ʲôҵʶ֮кʱˡ
һɻſֵĶðβſЩԭⶫҪʶȥԼ걾Դ̨ڣǵֵⶫֵǣƽԸǫ́ȴֻз֮ûн֮
ĻҪӣһֱڣҲҲ޷ָ̨պ鵤ӤͶԪӤʱҪ˻ȥһ˵ԪӤҶȴǴˣ
뵽һͷʱһɵҵȴǱŹֵĶסȥ·οϸġ
ͷתһӶֻõһΪðյķšֻҲûӿߣϾ鵤ӤҲ˵ǻһԪӤ֮ǰ̨ʱŲסˣԵľʱ
ˣˣҾҪƴһ
һæס⻪ԼͷٴγԺ̨˹ȥǻɫ⻪Ȼعһ㣬նȻ⻪ն䣬⻪֮еͷҲԵ᧿Σ
⻪˲䣬ǻɫ⻪϶ʱ¶һʮ̫˭ˡ
ֻյʮ̫ӣ⸱ȴɭɭ⣬ûһ˵ζͬ󵶣ʱҪһ˺Ƴһ㡣
һ죬⻪ȥһͷһܽפ̨֮СʱһǵԿԽ
ˣҪʧһͷˣ
һ𵤽ָͷҲָгǧѰ𵤸ʮʧһȻЩˬȴҲû̫˺ǻҹɵһͷ˲䣬һͷ⻪׷׳̨
ǻҹȻûǻۣͷ֣ͬѪҰȥͷû͸̨һڵڶöͷͬڻҹǰʱ򣬵ͷڴ̨ͬʱ⻪ͨΪһׯ˲Ϣ䣬һͷͬʱ̨֮С
Ǳ⻪԰̨ڵһʱոɽҫ޹⻪͵Ļҹⶼ˺ٲ谭⻪ͷע롣


ڰһ ƶ
һ֮󣬻ۼһ¹ȥһգؾˮĸһѲӣеһӴޱȵƴľ
ЩӶĴڣһѹʱЩ߲·ΪߣӦһͷæ仯ԭΣ㿪ƣˮĸȥȥˡ
Ƭ̣ǹ糱ˮһȥļӶ˼ڴǶ֪֮дʱֻһڡܽȥţҲӲ浽׷ʲôֻСһˡ
ȴ˵ʱ֮Уһ֮ϣһǿϢÿһţֻᱻյø£Ȼµõ
ԭһΡƶšӤȫҩһ˵ǰƿΪڡڣԪԭһʱ֮ЩƲסͷŽѹܿƵķų
ЩӣĹУİԶͬ٭ܿӦƿУ䲻˵ʹָۣȴҲްˡ
ͨշţڽʱȹ΢΢һЦһüģһþطͬʱһɫ⻪ҲŸ˳
ʱʱ
һȣ̧˼ӡɽ˲ӳ֣һڵһ͸أһƺ̺״ġ౦ľͬʱǻɫ⻪ȥ
ǻɫ⻪ǲԺ֮УһֱңҪӡĶԴķ˼öͷ̨֮УӤдԪӤǵ⻪̨֮Сһʱ䣬̨˴һŤתǬҹѹ
ҹ⵹Ҳƻ֪ȥȴҲǿӲƴֻһζӴܣ̨ѹƣȴ׽òá
һҲоֻҪԼ̨ܹҹٲܵóѡʱһߣȫȡӤ֮еԪӤ̨̨֮ͨ󣬻׳Լ걾Դ
ʮգһонͻƼﻹԥ̹ȫƹؿȻǲƲƶû˿ƿ谭ͳڡʱٴǻҹһȫһŽⶫ˳
ǻҹԣоһһȫǿֶΣҲӲƴҪͷܡʱһһſڣһ˳ԼٶȻڻҹϡһ죬ǻҹƾ
ɣһ̧һ㣬ͨͽҹ
ҹУٴԳʮ̫ӵһ֪ⶫʮ̫ӣΪûһʮ̫ӵϢеֻǲбɱ¾֮⡣һ㵹ɱ¾Щơɱ¾ɱԼɱ¾֮⣬ȴɱ¾һɱɱأɱɱһжˡ
Ѱ˸ɱ¾֮⣬˵þҪ߻ħΪɱ¾ħͷһ湦ǼʯӰ졣Цˮ֮͵ĺá౦ľϵ͸ȥȻƬ֮ʮ̫ӵʧֵһڻɫͬ̽Ӱӡ
ⶫһֻʮ졣ⶫЩɱ¾֮ɱ¾һһĶ̽ⲢӰһĶ̽һ̽ʱͻָҪɱȥ
һ⣬һһ౦ľڶĽӰӶ̽ҲѲסֻùԹԵͣһС
һֻЩɫֻ̽һܣԼԽˡ
Լȴǲ֮ʦĽҲʱ򿪣ʶҲֻʱ£ʱ죬Ȼ֪ʲôˡ
̧̽һ˿ŷ΢΢һЦҲˣãߵһԶ꣬ٻصǺֻǲ֪ܻܲ󡣡
Ѿ⡣оһǳԪǿƣǹԪӤֶɵóһͷһȻд˵ˣ֮ʵͻͽպԼ˸ôȻٲˡ
ȹˣСѾͷֱӵģһЦͳһȥͷһƺҪЩӵĸ롣Сöһѵ¶һ˿ЦݣȻֻǳЦȴҲȻˡ
һ˵˼䣬ˣôҸظλøʲôĸʲôȥ֮󣬻ߵһСӰǰСӣһչػָΪ֮ǰͽи
Ȼ֪СһĹϵ˵һҪһֱնɱ˽֮ãȴǹϵǳʶǻۣҲСӣʺϵ鵤ҩ˲١ʹСȻȴԳ


ڰһ ͽ
һ΢΢һЦСӣǾһɱǽҲ㱨˳Ҳ˰ɣ
Сû뵽һҪ˵⻰񣬲ŵ˵ͷһֻǿʱжһУǿʲôȴҿһ㡣
ǺãȻˣҾͽͻȥ֮ǰҴһȻгɣ޲ʹĳ꣬Ҳ㹻ˣ
⻰СӶʱҡҡͷͨһ˵ϡҲ˵ֻǳһͷѡ
һͷҲ赲ÿʮͷѪһ֣øסҲĲȥ
СƺûֶΣһԾĿһɻһΪʲôҪһ㡣
һ˫ںڵĴ۾ǺһЦСӣȻˣΪҪң
СʱŻعѿڶʦҪͽܣ˵꼱еĿһһ˵һ֡
һԣҲشֻǹһЦã˵ĵڶ仰ѾѩޣΪʲôҪΪʦ
Сһĵһ仰ʱһ죬ԳеļҪѧ£Ҫ岮үүٱ۸ҡҲٱ۸ˣ
һ亢Ļһǹһ˿ЦݡʵЩӵദҲСȻһ㣬ܹɣûдԵպΪȴ޵֡⺢ӵԸȴʮּ㣬һӰ۲ӵζ
һɵյľֻ˲ܹϵʵ֮·ĸ߷塣һ־֮һޱȵˡǰһɣֻĽһȴǺŬֵ𾴡
һԼʵҲǿǺһˣֻ̫ʶѰ£ȴܹҪˡʶСӣһһְ֮ġ
ֻʦͽ棬Ե֣ԵҲǿ󡣹ʶСӲڣҲǲġСǿͷʦҲһҪˡ
ˣȻ̫ҲǱûʲôҲԵҾͽܾˡֻҪҵͽܣǿͷˡҵø㰲һʦˣҾ㣬ǲɣҲһ󷱻ɣ
һӦС˽̵İʦͷ飬ʱֿͷһΣһҲûȥԼҲˣǰָͬһ㣬һŵɫϢǡӤڵĵֱӹСڡ
СͷѪʱƿҲѸٻָϿͷʱȻ죬ȴû˿ˡ
һóһöעһЩȥĶͽ̸ʦɣ˵꣬һ佫СӾ𣬻һ⻪ͷˣ״æ׷ȥϾСӺпܾδȻҵ
Ƭ֮СӲԵĳһУ׷˽óһСǸϸĲԡ
Сӵһα˽϶ʱһ죬˵ͷӦˡǹüģʱɫϲԭһľȻ֣һ־н֣ڶɹ׭ǹġ
ǰҲͰˣһֹģôԶҪһܹͨģǲܹԱΪãܹͨܶ˵ľǶûעİٿȫ顣еϢ档
Թǻ۶ʱһ˼̸С֮⣬ǽĸص˼ǶĽ͡
Ǵˣ⼸꣬Ҳһʵչ׳Ѹ٣ˮĸܻҪǿ١еõĺôҲǲ٣ĵʹͣһֶεͬʱҲе˽ĶģĲ
תͷСӣͷƶһҪȫ̵ãΪһǷĵһһԵСӵǸ֪˲ͷô飬ֻǴĿţȴԼĲԡ
źС֮һҲϾȥԼȻɱһͷ˵úһʲôġຣվһǾ㱻Ạ̇ԼҲǹȥοСӵҲҪչһ
һһ˴ʮ̫ĹһΪһʮĵ죬ľϵֶΣֲ˻ľӺ̳һʱ㽫һԴһĴڡһ֮ˮĸУ߶ˮĸֱӽܱʮ˶ŵɵĵϣ˰š
һУһûʲôûصǺˡ͵׽һЩ壬ѯǺķ֮󣬼Ԧˮĸݹһ·ȥ


ڰһ 
ƵΪ棬ԭǰﺣһ߾ۼءһɱ¼Լ⺣֮ºɢ޷׷ӿʹƵԳǰδеķⷱȴǽսҵĻϣʶˣҲû̫˻ϲ¡
⺣֣߶ϣǿʵסʶԭͺķȵĲС룬һССÿն
ϧǣˣԭһλʦȴǲڡȻʦȴǲƷʻٶȶǰúЩ׷ĪڵΪ۸ˣ᲻ãҪȴǮûˡ
ڽȴЩģȴǵ֮УִֵͰɶˡ
һߺ죬ϼ֪һʧٵ飬ԼԼһЩ⺣֪һʵİһҲģһһ̻æ֮£֮ɢʦȫ£
ȻսҵϢһ˶żϺõķռȡȻû֮ȴҲ׬׬һʱƣ¹ȥûϢǰҲЩеˡ⺣ɳٶ弶壬ٶٶһţҲɵЩ
һգսӴ˺üᵤֵ⣬תغԺʱɫ˲˰ЦתһѿҪȥһ֮ʱϵСæ
ֳһ˿ͣʲôС˾ǣģ˵񶫼ҲڣǲӴˣѰ͸̸˱ǣ
СԣֳЦ˵ȴһϤһƹ񶼲ӭô
һ㶣϶ʱչϲ֮ɫӭ˳ȥȻһæңǻˣٲɾͳ
һ΢΢һЦҿҲչ˵ĺܺðʲô飡
һ佱ͷϲܿһ˿ɫѵ֪Щ⺣Ҫˣһ˵Сܹ꣬ܲסһⰡ
һȻĵ˵ͷԭ˵Ǵ£޷һǽЩģȥҿɣ
һ䣬һݹ˳ȥǴĿţԼоһ֮ǰЩһˡ
ʱ䣬һŶݹҡϼƣһгͨ衣ΪϼڼпᣬڿȺչ㣬ڿϼһϲĳ
ľ֣㣬ôϼһϲĿһ
ľĳ˭ˣѵ²־ľĳˣһǺһЦȤ
ϼ´һһ˵ͷˣȷʵ㣬ֻǰʦȥӣǻ֮ʱֻʦλʦֶǺԼҵƵġǶ˵ˣû뵽ٴףԣΪȻǷ׻أ
ϼϵĽ֮⣬һǺһЦ˵ͷĿռ֮У֪أռѣ˳ãڵĹУȻˣȴǵõղصϺõҩ֮󣬾ͻƿһЩذˡ
ϼͷյ֪ò࣬ʮ̫ӣڶΧƿռ䣬ȷʵһЩֻЩԪӤֶмЩĳФŻõһЩһ֮󣬵õ鵤ָͳҲ˵ùȥˡ
Ȼһ˵Щϼͷȷʵһ飬æڵľֻʱһЩҾûлȥǺģΪˣ
ŶѵʦǻƵûȥɣһԾ
ϼҡҡͷͳһö׶ɫƣ̻졯֣ʦȥ֮ʱµƣǳ˽ȥܹͶ뺣Ϊӵƾ֤һٲٹ죬ҾҪˣãʰʰԳС
һϼһ׼ҲԾΪʶϼóƣ׼ŲߵˡһҲǣϹϵҪ뺣
֣һһδˣɷʮʱ䡣һڵ
Ŷк£ȵϽǺģΪӣϼЩԾ
һ΢΢һЦδս٣Ҽ⺣ƴ󣬶Ҳһʦ鲻Ƕܹһʤˣ
ԭ⺣屻ūۣѪʳ֮ͷһֱЩᣬҪЩ飬Ҳͼͷˬˡ
ϼԣǰһƵãľ־ȻȴػҲһݶЩҲͽľƣҲսҲƣֻȡǮһΣ
һ˵ͷԸ


ڰ˶ ׬ȡ
ƵϿգһϼԸżˡһǰɺˣϼ壬мʵ͵ʹӡԼǰȥǺģͶӡ
һʱ˺󿪷֮ţõļ۸͸ֶ߳ΣΪʿһϼѵķȻʱ֮£һֶΣҲЩ׽⡣
аɺӪ̣ٵʦϼĳ棬һڻ۷ȴ˵õ˺ô
ԼʮգƵʮգһ£ŽһУһͷȻ첻٣ͷͨ
֮⣬һջ񣬱ǽ𵤺̨϶ҫһʹ⻪ⶫһҲ֪ʲôҲ֪ʲôáСһ۱㿴ЩԾ˵ⶫԭⶫ֮⡯ƻ£˺£ͷŻڤڤ֮ӳ֡
Ϲ֮ʱ˵ǣй¼ˣĶˣ;زۣѳ飬׻д󹦵£ɴ˵еĹǸް򷨲մ֣ԻסܹѡʶϹ֮ʱɵ֮ˣˣ׬ȡ£Գƾ硣
жϾ֮˵Ҳ߶æµУôʱ˼ƻ£ʶйԽԽ٣г֣Ҳʶˡ
ҴСģļ棬ƺ⹦֮ʮֽܵĹϵȻһ֮ע̨֮УԭӲӵķȾϰ֮ɫȻ˼֡Ҳ˵˵֮˵֮ϲˡ
˼һ⹦µԴ⣬оЩѪʳĵһֻ岻裬ȴû뵽Ĳ׬ȡЩ°֪µĺô֮ɵͷպԶЩĺ£ȻһҪᴫ˵еùΪԼ˵ǿҲֵġ
ͷ˿˼ĵطһҲûʲôģ΢΢һЦ֣·ɣ
ϼԺǺһЦ˵ͷԦ˽⣬ͼ̴ӾͳǺķȥһ־ɺҲݹ׷ȥ
һ˶ǽ𵤸֣ݹٶȼ죬㣬ҲգѲ飬ؿǺڡ
ڣȻҲǷԲһΧÿһطൺ죬СͬɲֻۣͬǿħߴǺܱߵɢԱ룬ȴûһڽפﺣ
ȻߴɢԱ⣬ൺϻɢ޻Ƿˣɢ壬Щ˴Ĺȡ
ֻڲͬ£ԵĲͬ纣£ΪгΪħţū۵ĴڣΪΪūͣΪԺõǣûĿŵѪʳ
һ˶ǳڣϼ׼˲֪꣬ĻζѼ˺ܶϢܿҵɽŷ򣬴˸˹ȥ
ΧȻѲߵӸϮҲûܵΪѡǵȺϢͬʱҲǿɽŵĲ֡
⺣ǺϴɣɽŵĲɫ½ɽɽˮɲͬϰС⣬ɡڶัͬǻһס롣
һͶ󷨵迴Щ첢ȻɵȺԼ䣬ÿһ·С󷨣ƣ磬Ȼʹ˴ͨŲƶöɡ
ǣЩ⣬ǳΪ֮໥ùһ󷨣ǶףɽڣС죬һ񹤵Ĵ󣬶ĺڡ
Щ󲿷һˮĸ伮ʶ˽Ƕ룬ܹȫ߶ǵؼƷˮ׼ǵؼƷֿܹɽڸ֡
һԺȷЩӡһڣҲɵ˼ͷȻžǴţʲôطе󾳽磬ռ䷨ţٲҲֵĴڡźˮ׼Ӧñȵ½ϵһ˴ˡ
һǧ˲Ǽǳ羴ϼһȵ壬ȭͷȻʮּˡ
ʱڵڲɳݹΪһˣʣͬˮǵ磬һһӢ꣬ΪȻһǽ𵤺ڣ𵱳ĳФŻҪǿһ˵Ǹ֮߰⣬ƺݲ
磬ϼȹһʦ㣬ƴʦ֣ƵϼЯľӦԼǰʦѧաλʦʦ


ڰ˶һ 뺣
΢΢һЦ˵ͷҪ˵ȴǱǺƴȣǸֳ߰һ˿ζ˼΢΢һЦû뵽ƵСطҲ֪ҵţλʦܵĶĿúܳ
⼥ͻ˫صĻϼƹĸ֣ŭЦƴʦֹˣʦʲôĿʦں洫֮һָΧдʦһֱǡ
ϼ²Ļشһƥȴúƴⷽ޻˵תͷһԵһǹһ˿ЦãܺãƵӵܣڰʦѧҲͰˣΪνҲ˽ѵ˱ŹأͽôҪ֪ǴɣʲôСطʲô˶ѧյġһЩʪ۴ǵģͲš㲻ΧӣҾʹǰ
áʪ۴ǡʱǱڰڵƺԳһ˿֮ɫ˵ʦ֣λľѲϼʦǵã¸ʦ˵ˣʦҲ׿ͨˣ
翪ڣƴȻĹһЦԭˣȻܹʦԼλľѶʲô֮ˡ
˵ͷλľŷǷ츳ҺҪ˲š
˵ٲƴתͷϼһ˵ȻλʦӦԼǰǾҽȥǼᣬݼʦ֮ͿԳΪŵӣù˿ڣԶλʦܵΪֱŵӣ洫ӣֻ֮飬ҪλʦԼŬˡ
˵꣬ûаͣ˼תͻݹ⳯ȥǲ̫һҲЩҲʲôϼһƴһ񣬾糯ȥˡ
һ½ȥƴֳһ˿ɫһ̼Ȼ򣬵˶ѾŲסһҵţҺƼҽ϶ռһ룬Ҽɹ񣬵ʱҺƼҾͳ˳ĵһ塣Ǹʱ򣬿ҽõôŪôŪСӣһΧСӣһʲôʦ̼żҺԮˡûиʲôáҲãҾͽɫ֪Һƴ
һƴһתദѵһϼķһЦݹͶ뺣ȥˡ
ȴ˵һϼ뺣Ⱥһ·ߣһ϶Զʹӣɣ˽еǼᣬ֮
ٴһߣãһ˵ǼǳΪŵӣһʦݹʦ֤ȡһӦ֮󣬴Ӵ˶˾ʽΪ˺ŵӡ
ԸǰסȻŵ֮УΪ𵤸֣ȻѰһ̶ͨסǷ˶ŶԺǾסܽİɵ˽˽ס£ǵ˵ܹʹӵԭڡ
һ·죬˳ްй֮Ҫȥ͵ſڣȻţλʦܾͺǣлᶨʱп죬ֻҪʱһԶλʦܵΪȻܰŽš֮Էأһгָ㣬Ƕλʦֳܱ׿˵ԳΪ洫ӣʱгԽڲ˵е伮ԴҲӡʮһεĻᣬҪ٣Ƕλʦܹ洫УǱлôôˡ
⻰һףν洫ӵڵһӣⷽʽһˡҪõϢ·ǵóΪ洫ӲɡʲôʮһΣʲôôЩͷˡֻϼһ˷ܣףﶨȻʲô˼ĺö
ͱ֮󣬶˾ͽ½ס¡֮գûκǰ߶ţһҲֵУȽһȦϤ֮󣬱ٲᣬֱϾڷУÿոǡӤһҩûȫΪ硣
еĹʮգһ죬䣬аǰѰ˵񴫴
һٹΪŵӣж־䡣һȻֻˣȴҲΪȻûκγԾ𾴣ЩмƺǿȰ·ŵһΪ⣬΢΢һЦλʦǰ񣬲֪Ǻε񣬻˵
һԼʦܣ־һƲƲ߶߶ǰ·ŵļһҽʦܣԺᵤΪ洫ӣ㻹ţ˻죬ʱ֪˭ʦ֣˭ʦˡ


ڰ˶ 
⻰˵Сڳ˶ǶĿ˿뵱û˿һûзǰɺЩҪֽѵһ¡
ҪѵԼ־Ϲһ֮ɫĿȴһ˿ȴǱһСȻͬŵӣһΪ𵤸֣ȻλͬһССıٹڵӾ͸ԼЩŹ֡
˼һһַ䣬һ󾢷磬ססˡ˶־һĿͬʱڵʯ֮һͣһ˵һƣһΪģɢһƶͰȴǺӰ죬Ƕ־䣬˫ֳã֮ɫ
һķĴһüķɳΧǶ־ͷһƣһת֣ɿתǡСתͬǣһһҪõԷ䣬ʶûγͼ񣬵ܶйصϢɿӿʶ֮С
Ƭ̹֮һ˿Ц˵⺣۸ӣϲĸ֮⣬֮仹׷׽ͬˣ֮ԸҶƣȴһ˵ⵤ˾Ȼ˺֮еӽײ߳ɵʦʦΪӶҪ󵤣󷨱ţʶŰԵÿÿţ츳ĶҪѹһ롣ܴľһֱѹ̧ͷճ˵ȻŵӣȴнΪӦҪ۲һŸҶ֡־ļ棬ƺʲôרŹչˡԵһҪ
һڣȴûбܻɺˡ֪һʵݣԼܾͲ˵ˡһüʱ䣬ڼ뿪Ƶ֮ǰҲ֪һЩܣˮĸλԪӤֵȵȡ׼һӸһ죬ֻ֪֮Ǹذˡ
һ־ͽԷס˵֪飬ֱͨǺšҲֻǳԾ¡һӵҪԸһҲû˿ģֻǰЩˡ
ңЩ˾ȻҶҵ鷳֪θԲߡϾ⺣ԻԪӤʮϰ٣Ӳ»Կɣһǿ֣ЩĵĽԵ
һԣĵģ΢΢һЦȻӲһܹ֮Ը󡣲۸滹ʲôҷŹһΣǶȻҺ۸黹γ֣պĹˡҵĿľǳΪŵӣΪ洫ӡѭ浸ص˵úûѶʱ䡣ǼȻҲÿʯҲǽ졣Ҫ֪⺣Ϊžǵ˵ƣֻҪŹķΧ£ǶĬұֳ㹻츳ʵǵǵϲֹͳͷ߲ע⡣ʱ򣬶ʱţ洫Ҳǲܵġ
ͷԾȴҲֻھϣһ̶̼仰ýƾͼƣתΣΪı㣬ɵͶءʼ֮ʱһȴ΢΢һЦһ䣺£ЩЦá
ȻӦԷһͷҲ˳㣬һͽСתգۼ䣬־ͻָ˹ֻȴ֪һŶֽšǼҪֵ˶ƽ͵ţɵЩԾʧ
ʦܣȻ㻹ʲôٽң˺Ͻǣ˰ΣѵҪ񲻳ôһҲûһ㣬˵
⻰ǵɫ΢䣬ŭһöԷѵԼѹͬһʺӵģǳɹˣԼкôáȴһתһ񣬾Ҫۻһ
ҲԸŭһĻᣬмЦʦҲҪܲ˵ģֻ겻óɾ˵ˡ겻ɣǹֲҵͷ
һͨСת˶Է뷨Ȼױŭ΢΢һЦҵģܲɣͲʦܲˣ
ⲻ²Ļ־֪Ｄŭ޷ͷЦõúܣʦеǼǵʦʶҪһ֮һǧÿһҪƷĳϣ鶼ˡ˵Ż׳һöһ
һ־Ҫ־ǹһ˿üƵЦݣܿЦˡΪһֽ̧ӹȴǽ˻˵־ʦһ²һǧһǧҲҪа㣬Ƕ˳˻ţȻ˵Ļߺߣ
һĻû˵˼ǲԶˡ˶ƹһ⻰ʱ֪жȻè壬ϲǮһĻƣæͷǡȡһյĴ־˹ȥŵѣ뽻ɣ


ڰ˶ ʽͽ
־ֶ档ڲ涯ֽšԴγصֶΣֱӿ˿۵ΪĿĲǲһ֣֡
һõ֣ԲϣȻԼȻǿϳϡֻһһ߳ŭйˣԼ񣻵ڶһűˣԼͻ׬һʡ
С˼ҲǾɣʹǰ԰顣뵽һСת֮е֪ЩӣԵһϳ⣬ǵҲ޷
־ͷɵһšȷ֪ŹȻֹ֮ƶҲһ顣ŹȴĿŵ˽вƲΪΪǱʵ๤ʮֱ꣬ӷȥһΪ䷲
һ߹ǻһ˿黫ЦݣɵһţæЦųһľʦ֣зĲϣʦҷˣǰǸֻһ㣬ʣһʦֵ룬ڶĲ֣ʦּȻ⣬Ҿʦͻаɣ
˵ţһĹĵĴԱдҪҪɣȻװϵģԼĴһһĲ϶档Ȼ֮⣬Լղءʱﻹ˵õЩһϽЩ
ȴǲֹȥһھһŵͷð麹ֳһ˿ζЦݣʦܰõĴӦǹ̶ôѵòɣ
ôһʣŵɫһѿȴǲ֪˵
ʱһЦһˣˣȻʦ˵Ǿ˰ɣһ°ɣҺȻһʱһǧƷȻˣж࣬ȻиԣȣˣͲ˻ҲͲ鷳ʦܶһˡ
־䱾ʧҲͰˣܹǣһתڣʱɫѿͬס
״ֳӲק˵־ҲΪ񣬳з⣬Ӱ˵ĶȻֵʯĶ
ΪһٹȵӣȻûôõĸЩ۶Щ浤ѹ˵ġѪǮԵ಻ڵĸ֣׬ҲЩαһûᣬǳɹܴˣû뵽һաһƣֻ͵ʴס
༸ʮ꣬һصǰζǲܣٲҲֻţҪЦһץУдá
ϵ룬һ΢΢һЦͲ϶Ѿյˣ鷳ʦˡˣʦܾذɣ
־ԣֱﴢ۾˻һʱһ˿ɫҪΪûΪҪûǿƹӵˣôһΣֻܷ߷ߵĵ˵ͷ˵תȥ
־ȥһڵҪһǧƷʹӿ֮ⷿȡһǧֵƷаɣаɣ͸̽ǵ˵Щʲôʵ̣ȻǾһߣҲҪһɲǡ
ԣͬʱӦŵȥˡһһʲô΢΢һЦһתʧԭأˮĸȥˡ
һˮĸһͱ֣԰ӦСѾͷһЦʧ֪ʲôطȥĥЩµȥˡ
һûãһ䷿ǰҲţֱŶ룬һͯڹĵֽддЩʲôСӡ
غһԣһˣæݵ¹ϡ
С֪һǰæתҪݣȴһֹʹСЩѧˣ
ԣ˿СӣЦȻûʽţѧϰ˿̿ʮһµʱ䣬ҲѧΪˣе伮ҲܹĶˡ
һ˵ͷһַ伮СĶһȻ˳Ȼ˼ɬ̶ܶһ¶ʱܴﵽȳ̶ȣȴҲʮѵһ˦ʦﻹʲôġ
ãܺãСӣǶúܺã
һ佱ϲæлǫѷᡣСһ˫ֱֱһһڴŽС
һ״Ȼ֪˼΢΢һЦãȻ˿飬ҲͰյ֮ԣΪͽɣνѡղײգڽɣ


ڰ˶ 
⻰СԳɫͨһ򵹵ϣҪٴθһͷһǺһЦתסİʦɵݣڻæ
С¶ֻõ˵ͷһԵĹæϲϲյüͽϲǰ£
һ˵ͷĺܲʦҲͲðɣ
⻰ͷǣæǶȥȥˡ˼ֻһСӶˡһѵһΪʦĸо⼸ɵ伮СӽǽΪһЩ伮ֱ
֮һԽһԪڣͨѨӦ壬
ȻСѰһȴǵ֮һʱĹ򣬾ͰСһʺϴĥġڻȭֻҪպִĥϣǿڣΪˡ
һʦͽ˵һδڣͽʦáϣС׺λǹϴɳ˶ԪӤ֡𵤸֣ԣƺ֣ƿ̾һ㡣
һʦλСǰָ£СಽҲݾߵʦɵľȻ
ʦ񽫳ɣһСӣ΢΢һЦΪµӣ١СӡСӡĽȴǲǡҲиǣ֪㸸ĸиȡһԭʲô
СԣԳһ˿ҡͷʦС׸ĸ˫ա
һ˵ͷգǾͱˡ㸸ĸ˫ȴ޼֮ˣֳֻ࣬⣬Ҿʹƶ֣㲻ܹкȻػɣô
СһѯʣȻ֮е˼ȴҲæҪҡͷʾ顣
һǺһЦЦãȻˣӽ֮ͽˣ
ƣСظһ飬ԳȵõҪϲǡͨһݵͽƶлʦ
һ΢΢һЦããͽȻʦǾ´ӡʦҲСˡһǵȡһ⣬ƷЧǲȥɣ
һּ䣬һ̹ɳֱӹСϣֱϳһɫơ΢΢һ𣬾Գһ黤۵ʮƷɲͣȻһƷ
ǵһС״ľеķƻۡѵõķȻСӼʶ֪󣬵һ㵹ѡƷԪӤֶĶû뵽һ׾ʹ͸Լͽܣɼӳ̶ˡ
ŵ׸ʲôŲԵúʱһ׵ȴǲˣһλԣҡһֱ۵ô꣬ǴӣҪ
⻰һɵһ壬Ȱ˵Ҳ޷£ֻóǴӣǶͬȡһϺõķѾͷ˳ˡ
λƵͷСʦܣСʦܡĺŵʱһ¶εЦݡ
ƵûʲôϾСԹ棬ǰСŮȻԼʦŮֱԼʦߴʱοĵ伮һΪȡԾνġߡҲȻ顣
ƺġʦ㡯˵ĶҪִˮĸ̳ˮĸͳһС֮⣬ȻȴɽСһСʦܣȻˡ
ȴ˵Ĺ鿪ģڳ˿ɾЩˡ׼һƣû·ɱƣһܹ򷢵˵áҺõǣһ˼ҶΪ㣬һȻЩʹҲǸ
ʦ֮һˮĸ֮УԽ̵һʱ䣬û֮󣬱԰֮󣬾˳ˮĸãаɺǰˡ
һǧƷϽ֮󣬱һͬȥ̽ϢǶҲ˺ֲ̺ȱʯͨؽڣܿ͵õ˹ǵ˵Ϣ
һǶ־֮еõһ㣬˷ǵǼ򵥵֮еǺʵ֮еǰʮлԱһ˳֣нᵤʮ䲻ֱ֮࣬߳áʦʦ
ռ˺Ӳ߳ϵʦʦǡʶʵ£ȴԮʮ棬һǵѡгҲں֮пνҪ÷Ҫ꣬ŵĲС
һ㱨ǹһ˿Ц˵ǵǾӪһרĵ¥ô


ڰ˶ ٿ
ɺûӦһ⻰˼һ˵⺣ȤȻ˵ɵĵϿ̣ҲãνɽգǿԿ꣬ҲԿһ
⻰һ˼һ뵽ٴ⣬׬ʯ˫۲ʯĹâ˺һķԸ£˿ʼ𿪵̵
ԭ󲻵ӿ̣ǳֹ̬ȡΪϲ㿴ֵṩַܹʹõڲ֮ӽͨޣǿʵȻҪҲ˭뿪Ϳġ
һΪʵﵽˮ׼㿪Ҳױ˼壬պĲרúãڶǱһ֮󷨣ƷѱޣȵȣǱһǧĹ׶ȡ
Ҫ˵ǰһˡ׶һֿ˵Ӷɵҳϳ̶Ⱥ͹׳̶ȵͨ񣬾ױȡҲһЩйɵý
һһ񣬱ҪɾһЩѶȡ£һʱ䣬һǧƷܵõһٸ׶ȡ
ﻹϻʱֱˮĸ֮УЩֶɵ̶һʱ֮ڣһǧƷִҲôɵģϵȣٸ׶ȡ
֪Լ˰ٸ׶ȣһҲȣȡ˺üеƷеһʮյʱ䣬㹻񣬻˳һǧĹ׶
·ǹµĳҪ̵ʱϼһŽһ¾Ȼ㹻Ĺ׶̣ҲΪϲİһҪʱЩĵȰ˵һػѹ׶ֱ̣ҵˣĵ̾ͺá
һ֪λϵĺģĿľҪո¶ͷǣο£ƴʶл֮˿Χѡַ
פرϰСɣԽڲԽǵȼߵĵطĵǵͼӣ֮ĵطҲֻܿ
ѡַ֮һѡһͷĵ쿪̡һĿĲͬƵǰ͵ôģҲôģȻֻдˡ֣Ƶȴ˿СơΪҾȻһƷԲ
νʵõĹ棬һӴʱ˲˵ע⡣󽫡ҵļ۸ƴһɱ̱һʱЩˣʱվסˣһӵ
ٲǵһһʱˮĸ֮УǧͷΪĴС֡Ȼ츳Ĳ࣬һֻռһɡһָ伮ѬգԼϵĶ£һ弸ܳΪϸʦʦ
ˣһϽ𵤼ʦʮʦʮЩõóֵʦᵤƷõĲ͸ǿֲˡ
ΪôӴʦ飬һϸͲȱͼķ֮һաֵķнټֵǧȻΪۣÿһֻ׬һ㣬һСҪǣ˳
һȻĴͬԵ˲١ںﷷ¢ϣҲԸ㣬ʶӰĻǵˡ
һҷͬ˾Ȼûһ㶯ƺͲһ㡣ֻһҲżΪкֶΡҵ£һֿ˶ƷҵרŶƶƷƷķҼ۸ϣǡñȵ¢֮󶨵ü۸ɡ
ϢһųȻڣڸֵע⡣ϾǵΪͨģһƷѰƷûʲôơǿǶƷԲƷķ
ԭҪȼķһֻ;ƴ񣬵õ󵤻˵ʦơֻǰߣҪɵ񣬼ҪðΣգߣҪѵĴۣҲҪһ㡣
һĳ֣ͬڰ֮սһ˿⡣ֻƶƷԲҲͰˣҪƷǿҪʦˮ׼ǵ˵öұ֤ܹƳɹʶǶһ˾ͳ˻ɹ̬ȣѯʣȴû֡
һգһŮӽˡȴ˵ע


ڰ˶ 
һˮĸ֮ƵڶöӤǰƷҲˡӤȥӴ˵ԷݾȻǺʮ֮һġ籰Ҳһ˿ȤӴ
˾ŮӣҲԾΪ籰ôһֻŮӵ֮вŮӣ֮УųŮӶǸðɵĻԱǽ𵤺ڵĸ֣νŮкܡ
ǰļŮӣΪ׵ǽڵĸ֣ƿԿȻһ洫ӡݣһ˿¡һ֣ͺ޼ɵĽͬǽڵϢųʱ⼸ŮӳһСŵʦ
˫Խ֮һ֪ΪŮӻ˿Ǻ籰еһ֮¡
Էݣһˮ֮󣬿żɽʦǰС겻֪кָ̣
˿һȦ˵ͷľʦ̶̼ܶվͽŪ÷ˮеӶ̸ۣﻹ̸СꡣҽǰȻȲĵģ˵ľʦֶθ߳ʶʶˣ
һ΢΢һЦ߳ҵʦ⣬мְյģ
һŵĻ˿΢΢һЦһСŮһţҲ죬⣬ɲèܹﵽģ
ݵ񣡡˿Ȼһȴû˿˼ȤĿһ뿴ӦԵӡ
һһЦָָӵλʦðɣľĳ˵ǴӲţûĽèĹθҹأ
˵䣬Сֵӣʱų⣬ʮ˵Ⱥһӹ𣬶ʱ˹
ƷԲһĻµСӲɵóһҲϷ䣬ߵƷԲΣǿҪƷǿҪʦܹƣô
Ʒһһ¡
ߣţ˰ɣСӶʱЦ
ûȴһ֪ʦҪʲôӵƷ
Ʒⲻܣһƭҵģڶ֮УҲֻеˣǻ쵰ƷôܣЩԾ
һ⻰Щƺ籰뵤Щڵӣ˼һŵĹЦľĳ֮ǰҲȻʦ㶼Գľĳ뺣֮ȻҪһˡ
ʲôʦ㣡㣡ܣ֣¾ѿڶ
˿ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ٲ¿ڣæתͷһʵľʦܣ˵棬ʦ뺣ģ
һ֪Ǻ֮е̳ȻȲӢĽһ̳ݺ͵λںҲӢĽڸ൱ˡ粢κΰɵˣȻ⣬ܵ𾴡ҪԼҲŹƤĻᡣ
ǵʦ㣬һʦ壬ʦҲ׿Ҽ뺣󡣡
ʦ壡һţ˿ɵ˼֣Ͼ˶ǷƼţȻм¼Բ鵽Ҳٵġ
ԭˣľʦֶǵõʦʦͬˣʦʵҲˡһʴҪʦܣֻŻЩ֪ʦûʲôƾ֤ó֤һģ
˿˵⣬һǺһЦԭˣҲð죬֪ʦҪ֤ҪһƷſţ
˿Щ⶯ҡҡͷãҪһƷμߴǵˣڶǾˡ
ߴһüͷһ¼ͷЦȻˣ֪ʦҪ֤ſţ
˿֪ʦûƺõƷУ־ʦжϣȷʵµ÷Ǿȷ䲻֤ˡ
⻰һ˵ͷֵã˵Ҳ򵥣һ˫ụ̈ʦ½ɣƷʦƷ
һ䣬ɴӺ˳һ˫ɫĶụ̈϶ʮɫ⻪ת֮·죬ͬڿԼһ㡣
˿ӹụ̈ȻƷǲɵȴϲȻת־͵ݸǽµСӡСӽӹЩţһʩչֶӣƺҪһĻԲһ㡣
żļСϵ⾢ͽʧˣ֮ĲǾɥãĦŶụ̈Ҫ򿪣ֶ̽


ڰ˶ 
ʦãнô˿Щԣæʵ
ŻعЩĿ˺˿һۣٿһֶԷһЦݵĿԼǰԼ̣һЦһ㡣һŤͷһֻԺ˿ʦ㣬ƶɵƷɣҡ
ʲô˿æʵ
Ŷ̶ʱ䣬һµֶϿóӾȻѵõ츳ҳеˣ𵱳ָԼ״ɵһ˿øͬʱĴһ˿Ȥ뷨Цʦãлֱ˵ľĳʲôĲԵĵط뵱ָ㡣
áָ㡯֣ϸߺ죬˿Ŀ⣬Ҳѣ˶ü̶Ժ˿Ʒϳˣǻ˵ֶλҪ
ţ˿Բɵóһµı飬Ȼ˫ߺ죬˫Ŀȴ峺ûһ˿α˼
һԣΣЦǺǣʦùˣʦõӣӦһҲмأպʱ䣬ҿдд衣
±һĴȤ˫糺죬Ȼдļգʱ£һ˫ֱֱĶһƺҪպʱ䣬ֳһֽһ
ȿȡ˿æοһʱԵׯ˲٣Цû뵽ʦܷǵʦʵʦķȣǰһɣʦܼЦˣֲǡ
һ˵ͷСĽ֮飬ʦ㲻СЩƭˣʦʡġֻǲ֪ʦҪ
˿һӣֱҲʡ£̧ͳһﰴʦܵļǮ׼ƷƷԲĲϣʯԼҪҪʦ֮ɣ֪вУ
£һ֪ԷҪļȴû뵽ԷϵôҪ֪ѰʦѰƷûи²ɵģͬʱƼʡʱ䣬˼ҪɣҲǷǳˡ
Ȼʱ䣬Щһ̥ȴ㲻ʲôͷһתȻʲôߴԵɣԼЩ飬Էûи֪ƺڹ
ôʦܾʱ̫ô˿һɣæʵ
˭֪һҡͷʱ䵹û⣬ֻʦ룬Ȼʦʱ䣬Ϊ֮ǰЩȥȻ۸һЩ籰ڳеɣ
˿Ҳûһܹ֮ɣֻҪּۻ۵أһƣܶһһһ䡮û⡯ȴǲ㾪ϲһ⣬ɫɵѿһ֡
˿̾ϢһͨʲôʵȻʦˣҲʵЩҪȥġֻ֮Щ⣬һЩҺ籰ﲻԸܣһֱϵڡ
Ҫ󣿡һɻ
˿˿£ʦ֪֮ҵŮ޵ѴҺ籰ﱾҲķǺƽ⺣ֲ˵ʮһεżҪ֡ߴϲμһΣҺ籰ＸλֶԸһͷ弶ԪޣȻɹǷ˲١Ҫơϵ˵ʱ۲˵ҪŮǵ˵ĵӺϼ˫ޡ˵лŮԸȻӡȴǳ֮Σ飬ȻϴӦ
˵˿һ٣һˣ˼Ҳûʲôˣ֪ʦʲô˼ΪǵˣǾ͵ûǣ
ʦ㣡һԵ⻰ɵЩҪ˵ʲôȴǱ˿̧ס
һ״ͷЦ˿⻰˵ƺԼѡ񣬵βüҪԸˣȻܾ
һΪ˲ǰһЩˣû뵽ԴͬžȻֶΣǰоʦ㣬ģľȻԼȻûƳȥĵ⣬ҽˣһʱʣúʦ⡣
һ˿ֶͨΣһ˵ôȻƺǲηǿȨһ㡣ʱڳ籰ŮӺøдǡǹĺ˿Ҳ˵ͷʱһԽõһࡣ
ľʦܷģǴ˴ܹʽףӽ֮Һ籰ѣǵҪ鷳ǾҺ籰鷳ʵڲУһ룬ʦ㿪һҺ籰֪ʦΣ˵ţĿ˿ԼЩŮӣ£ζԶ


ڰ˶ ̼ҺƼ
飬һһĴȻȴǻЦҡͷʦĺ⣬ʦˣͬǺӣӦܽΪѣ֮õ顣Ǽ籰Ǻǣ硢Ӣڣʦֻþлˣ
˿Ȼ뷨һ籰һܾҲֻ΢΢ϧٲ𣬱ϾƷǵǰҪ顣ܿȡöһ̸֮ǼϸҪ
һʱ֮һһк籰Ů˳ȥֱӽǰŵģʾһڽķݶֱӻȥҲֲĿ⣬΢΢һЦƮȻȥ
ȴ˵籰ǰԼһȥݶУȻ֪ȻΪʮɵĺ籰ǰһˡѰֻǳԾں籰ﾹȻ˵ˣתôһµƷͷ׷ײ²Ƿһҵֶαȵ˻ã˼ɵļ۸ȷʵֵÿǡ
ȴ뷨˵ڲ㣬һѶɽһƹСݺɫ΢䣬һ籰ﵹʲôľʲô˵ͽ׷˵һθǹǵ˿ʳԣǹ졣ЩλлԴô¡ǵãҳ˴ʱú籰ԹԹ˳ʱλҲȻҪ߿Ҽˣ
⣬һЦ˼ѶȻȥʲôֶȥˡ
ȴ˵һ֮󣬲գ˲ˣһͬŵϼ
ϼһЦľְǶʱ㶼½̸ˡպս𰡣
һ΢΢һЦǫѷ˼䣬ѯʹϼΣŵ֪ԭϼȥɱʮͷļԪޣǸոɱ꣬
⡮ԪޡţһӺ籰ϼ˵𣬲ɵ£æϼҲͽԼ֪˳
ԭǺһ֮أʢһ۶ɵԪޡֶ˷ͨûǣҰһĴڡ
ȻȴǺĵһزΪÿÿնɱһͷԪޣڽԪӤһľ˳֣Ȼֻ޼ϣĽԪӤÿһöЧѰʯƷʯƷʯƷʯֶܹٶԶԶѰʯͬڱһ㡣
ּԪÿʱÿ̶һӳһͳ֮أǺԳͷԭ򣬸ʱɵǰȥɱ
ϼ˵һƺЩͻأΪɱλͬԪ޵Ҫ洫Ӳܽӵáһͼ֣±˵ˣǱѡ
ϼ˵ŵʱüۿһҲ֪Էļ˼΢΢һЦ֣ҶǱ˸ˣ
ϼһľ㲻ǽɵĺܺôѵʲôⲻɣ
һҡҡͷͽԼһ˵˳ȻСתϸֱʡȥ
ϼ֮üͷˣҲȻСҲܾҵ񣬸οľʦȴֻͨӣҲûǵĵط
һƷһǰ裬˵ǵ֮󣬻ʲôأ
ϼһʲô˵ͷˣ֮ƲǳȴҲңȻǼ֮ˡľַģ˵꣬ϼҲ֮ͣȥˡ
ʵһͷв²⣬Ҳô˵˭еҪԸʵҲֻȼĺƴðɶ˴̽Ϣ֪ͺƴ⺣̼ҺͺƼҡ
У̼һλǷڵĴ֣ѹķĴڣҲǵĸֻ̼ΪѪ⣬˶ÿһҲô켸ˣȻдļӣȴûд
ǺƼպ෴˶ֻûзڸ򣬵ǺڸȴֺüλһĴڣֹܺҪˡ̼ҷͥ
ҾǺľްԡһܳıͺƴˡǶҲˡҲʼʤһʹúƴĶʱһͬϼ뺣ǺƴžͿɼһߡ
ްһļ壬һû뷨ȥǡҲ֪һͲҪ⣬õð취Ǽһ̼Ⱦн˶Ҫ֧֣Ȼһѡʶ֪ϼٽıǣߴŰˡ


ڰ˶ ˡѹ
ȴ˵籰ŶƷ֮ЩΪһ۸ЩĵˣĶˡûգб༸̽ʡͰɶ֣ԸЩˣȻֵ
Щⶩƣ򷨱ˣ˵Ȱ˵⣬к籰ǰ棬ȻĶѡ𣬶Ʒľвˡ
Ȼз磬ǵĽʺޣǰҵҲ١飬Ҳ֡ںûݶ֣ȴдʯԼϺ÷֣ҲԼֱ֣ӹӶ˺Щŵڡ
Щҵˣһݣһȡ֣һȺһᣬҽǴҲʹˣҲ֧ݵɵӣһȺͬݵĵӻӣҲʱϨ˼Թȥ
һֶΣ£Ƕ෽ңǰȣȻȥʯʮ򣬵׬ʯȴа֮࣬㶼ӯˡ
ʱţӰЧȥһգһйصϢ˳ʱеӳԾѡȴǺ籰λͬһͬǰȥȡ
ڵյԹ߳ƣֻú籰һȺŮްȻȻȥ£ǰðڣһȥɼһκ籰ǵõԼҪĶܹú籰ĶһССйأйؽڣ˷׷ײ²ⲻѡ
˵һһͽ׷籰˵һ֣˺ЩƷķ籰Ȼ˲²⣬籰һеõ˿Ʒ
ڲ²׷׵ʱ򣬺籰ַųذϢᣬ֪ͨеӣ˵Ǻ籰Ӵһʽˣպʲô۸籰ԡƺΪ֤ˣ籰ӵտʼɳһӵػǼƣԼÿҲԲˡ
˵ǰĴԻĪ棬籰ľٶǾ˵˺ܶණܶ˶ʱƷǰò²⡣Ҫ֪籰ﱾǸ˽ˣƺʲô⣬ԼѡȻһССˣǾ͵ڳ׾뵤˵Ĺϵ
Ǻ֮УΨһܹƷǺķĶСȹؼʱ뵤˾ѣֻ˵һ⡣Ǿ˵ǾƷ
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һǵ˶ʱסˡ̷ųϢҪ籰ѣڲṩ͵ҩʹáһд˵ĵͼΣ˺ʦ棬ȥƷٲڵ˵Ĺ˿档
һųʱȻ󲨡˻꣬Ѿģο˲ռһһЩԼʦʦĵǣ˵СɢԱǣ͵Ծ˵ҩ
ʶ׼ȥһԵ˴඼ջ˼Щ˶ĵӶ׷˶һʱ֮䣬ǰѲӵĺ籰ӣ˼Ƶߡ
籰˼һٴ롣һ˲Ǻ˿Ǻ籰︱¡
ǽ𵤺ڸ֣дһͷ˿̴׼Ůʿ硣籰һƵƷ֮УһìΪƵġɼŮ·ڲ֮ͬҲеޡ
֮ϣûаŮӵĽҲȦӣֱ˵⣬Ըһһλӣں籰֮Уֻ֮¡⻰ڣ뵱˿вͬΪ˵Ļʹ˺籰˼ֻҪһӦܳΪ籰Ψһеӣλӵš
ԼѰӣǺ洫ӣҲǲСڱһϵʱ򣬿ҪæĴӦˡһĿĲڵ˻죬֪ԼҪ̼ҵӪʾԼʵ⣬ҪֲҰ
ջСʢ룬һҲֻٴл¼һлȴҲŭҲֻǾ͵ǰѯһǷҪĵط
һԣ˼һ΢΢һЦȻʦô˵ʦȷʵһ֮룬֪ʦú籰һæ
һȻȻǸˣæʦܻ˵һ㲻嵤˵Һ籰һϺ÷˰мѣǶҺ籰жҺ籰õģȻΪ
׻˵úãǮȨźð£һȻдѵʯȴûûȨƣʶҪܶ£ţ񱻵˴ѹʯҲûҪ籰ͷЩ顣
´ӦҪľ仰ЦҲѣֻϣܹټһ±ŵ֮Уûмκʦʦ֪Բԡ


ڰ ¥
ҪʦҪʦЩɻˣܿͲ³ѵҪ֯һµİԿ˲ɡʦݵ㹻ˣûʦ֣ζùˡ
ȻһȴԸ⻨һϵôһ顣ΪǸĽһϵ󣬲һʧܻǳɹ籰ԣٶһʦļʵѡ
ãľʦܣգ֮Һ籰һʦʦ֮Ҫʦֶˣ
ˣͶЩʦͺ籰ˣպҪң籰ǰһŻݡ
һСæͱɣ¼һˣͷҲǸˡͣķغ籰ȥһ
֮ں籰İ£һڶʦʦ档ЩҲ࣬Ҳʮ˵ӡǴɢ޳Ͷ뺣뵤˹ϵֽ֮Ҳҽա˵һ㿪ֱӶԿˡֻԼϾЩСˡ
α籰ټԣķһ֣˼֡˵˵ĴѹҪȥһʶ֮ͨеĿͨһ˵ף˶Ե˵Ļɹ֮ǰ;һʱ⶯ѡ
ȻһҲ˸ǿһǰ棬չһԼͷĲһʯʮĸɫʯӲӵҫ˵۾ں֮ҲǮˡһȴĶˡ
һɺ˽һ̽棬һʯڵĺ֮¡ڳʦʦǩ飬һ
ֹʱ䣬ԭԭַϣһ¥ϹңΪ򱦸
򱦡֣ư磬ŵգ˳ǰȥҪһУǷ¥֮зΪµǵ£ɺˡ
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һʱ䣬ЩҪȥ֮ˣͣ˽Ųͷ׷
ѵһ򱦸֮гʦʦɣ
ʦǱʦͬȼĴڣôһӾð̫˼ˣ
һͷҪ˵طģǶԿ˵ļƲߡ
ҲһҶΪʦѳ֣ǲôһγƷҩ˵׼ʦҲһ
ʱʱ֣Żݵһʱ䣬ЩĺӶʱ˫۳ѪҩߵƷҩȱһɡ
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һޣȺġжһ壬ʱҾѪһǰȥƹ̨Ƶҩ˵ǸҲ⻰Ǵѹ򱦸󡯵˭ʱһС𵤻˶
Ⱦһڸ¥֮ϣԼһȺʦʦָЦλ⾰󣬿ɾľĳ˵Σ
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һһƥߺ̸ʱ֮ȴһɲгߣȴһ˴߽Щҩ˶ʱͣʮּɵĿΪ泤׵ӡ
һĺе¥˭ҵ˸ʦǰѲ飬ݼô


ڰһ Ƽ
סˣʦöˣҪˣ򱦸Σ
ǰǿѹͷߣ򱦸ȻСƷ弶ҩУվȵϵ˸񰡣
ϧˣôպʱ˾ֵˣΪܼˣûл
ڶຣ۷׷ף˵ҩϲѣæСĲ±˷֡Щû򵽶ĵһĿŵˣҲֻǸŭԡ
Ǻһüۣ˼ȴûᣬһҪ֡ȴûסֵͷԵЦ˵˺档
ۿ˿棬һ¶һ˿м֮⣬һ˵Һһµ̿ţš򱦡ǲСҵ˷ּ⣬Ӽ̵ְ𣬽ǰҪһ飬Ǽ٣а٣͹ŷ̡˭ˣǻ͹ֲҶˣ
˵꣬濴˿˳֣ɵð޲ԼЦһ˵򱦸󲻷Ź棬ּ⣬չŷ̡˵ȣȥ֮޹أǵнִϴã
̶̼仰Ե˰ԵԣȻ׺ᣬƺ׼ԸԼҲͶһ²һ£½½Ҫȥ
һһԵʱסˣæǰʵʲôˣΪ򱦸⣿ɻɻŹ棿
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һƴ𾢷纮ȻʹԪ󱻴򵽣˵þƤǣʱ˿ûо£һ˷ܣƺŰһ㡣ӲɵðѵɵӲɣǲɵӣӴ˵
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һͻأǽ𵤺ΪΪʦöûϵûһԴŭ˭ˣѵŹô
ͬʱһӸ¥һ˭ֻʱһˣûЩʦʦںţԵЩƵ
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ö̶̼仰ҪԼץ졣һͷЦ꣬ȴ˿壬ȻһЦмУҵֻǾտڰ׻ҪҰЩĪеҲڰɣ
ڣЦȻҪڣǾڳλͬʦֵܣ˭ľվ˵˵
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ʱ̣һ峺Ů֮һ̺죬õŮӣǺ籰´˰ڵǰ
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籰λʦʵȺҵʲ磬ҵִԲû׼֣Ʒãɳˣƴλʦֵܣʱʱ
˻һһӣĶ׷ӿ˽ĸʮɵĵӡЩ˸ǽ𵤵ӣͷĶǽ𵤺ڸ֡һʱ֮䣬СС򱦸󣬾ȻƼʮ֮


ڰ Ů֮
ķһ־ͽ籰ΧȻûжж࣬˼ʮԣﵤ˵ġ
²Ůкܣ̣ȴ˿壬һ𣬱һ˳ìУһ˿˿ӳì͸ʮĵɫתһΪƶɵƷ³ì
һ³ìӢۿķĴͷˣһƿУɣţķҪҺ籰Ϊô
Ҳķʵĸ֮࣬°ڿɵóһȻȴҲԸ籰Ӳƴ໥֮佻촽΢Ĵ
Ƭ̣ķ֮УƷøƿ¹ϵпɣæЦʦ㣬ҲȲѡʦҲ֪ǶǷʦ֣Ƿ˵˵飬һʦֿڣҲò֮²ķ籰˳飬ȫ˸壬Ҳ˺˴ƤΣ
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˵ţ½ìһһɫг𣬻컨壬ֱԳһʱ䣬ӢŮӵƾȻѹڳӡ
˵ĳһ⻰ʱһæʵʲôʦ㣬⻰ģһŵӣΪҲڣȻʦɣ
ԣһЦ´ԳţĳЩˣۣȻҪ֮ΣۣҪЮˡΪ飬Ϊӡ˵ͬʱۿһۣ֮⣬ȻǺҪǿ˫ޡ
ȷһܹƷĴĸͷʱһϲɵЩȻΪͬʮȻ֪籰ַè塣
ǶڴҲз飬ƷϺõҩһҲ²ؼ߸߹׼Ͳˡձ̸ҲЩϹȥ
ߣһɺԣüƲԣæȵλǰǰҵִжʵ˺˵֮ǹϵҺŹĴ飬Ĳãгǹҵ˳ﲻ𣬽ֻܱž޲ˣ
⣡ԣȻв˼һһû籰ǰ뵤ֲַȷһǷܹṩ㹻ĵҩͷΪ˱֮£ǻǾá
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ߣºͺ籰ӲмڳҪ־Һ籰ȻŮ֮ȴҲӵҵҪյִˣķֻܲ졣
˵䣬½ìһӣͦУһں籰ŮҲ׷ȡֶΣǰһ̻绨Ůһ̾¶õ廨ļ
ĴҲòڿƣ籰ΧڵСһսԱ⡣
üɿʦãҿһȺŮֺ֮οɱɱ簲Ļȥޣϲĵ£Ҳˣ
⻰ķͷ˸ѪͷǼȻѡҲܸģ¼ŭɫѿҲֵֻܵס
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ڳʵĸͷĿɫ׷ױ仯ͬǣԳ֮ɫϲɫķ֮⣬Ψɫѿ
һŮĿ֮ˮɫƳ̼ҵܳӵܣ֮е֮硣
ʦ㣡ڳ˶ϵ磬Ҳ֪ݣͬ
λʦʦˣ絭Ļתͷõ֪ǰŮ֮Ļʦ˵ģ
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ʦ㣬ҡ
˰ֹ֣Ľͣ˵˵˱˵ˣҲܲãӿڳʦܽǲǡ
Ȼûȴ޶˱ѵЩԱֻҶ˵ʲôֻҪֳлЦʵ֪ʦǰйɣʦܰæģʦ㲻Ҫ


ڰ ֱӷ
ԣҡҡͷתͷһԵһרΪľʦֻܶǿƺʦľʦЩڣ֪ɷҽ꣬ʦдΣ
⻰˵ί񣬲ûƫ̻˼ȴЩõҪֻ翪ڣǧٸɣҲҾֻܾЦ˿һߣȻʦ£ҵԵűˡ
ã˵ţתͷһľʦܣ뱾Ѿ֪࣬ʦܣжѾˣӽʽΪŵӣơʦܽǣõ֮ףý佾꣬רǡ
һԣæֽӹƣллʦæ֮гʱΪЩ飬ʦԱһЩʹ裬һ̳ϺõĺˮʦƷһ
ԣϴκƵζǹһ˿Цݣ˵ͷҪһ¥ȥ
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ͣ²ӣʵ֪ʦܻʲộָ
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Ǳ˵˿һԵһʵдô
æͷָָ󵤻˵ĵӣǣҵ˵ӱõ֤
Щ˵ԣ׷׵ͷǣǰǼ˻Լʦ죬ľָʹɵġ
ԣתͷһľʦܣд£
д£ľȴλʦ˵ô򵥣㣡
ţһǰ򱦸˵˳ҲͼӴף˵ȴôôо˵Ľ裬ڳڵ֮⣬˵ż˲ɷ˵ʱ򣬶Цкòѡ
ԽɫԽѿһ粵䣬ҲһƥУ֮ȴ磬˵ƿԣֻܱһ˵ꡣ
꣬תͷõʦܣ¾㵤˵Ĳˣ㵤˼ȻʹȨǾ͸ñִأ
Ѿһ޻˵ֻܸɸɵ˵ʦ찡ɣǴ֮ͽ
һԣЦһҲ֪˭һ͸ľĳһ˼·˽֪ˡ
㣡˵統棬θǿ
ˣλʦܣҲض˵ˡʦܣǰ첢ûд֪ǶͬŵӣͬΪ˺£ӦԴˣ˴ˡοľʦڿڼ䣬Ӧ񣬸񣬿裬ǵõ೤ͬŵԽŵģƷУҳ϶ӹɣʦپڴˣǾȥλ۰ɣ
һ㶣⻰ûأ˼ȴԲľˡν೤ϣжȻ̼ҵĳϡ̼ܳӣ˵ĻȻõڶ೤֧֡ʲôϳϣҲֻûȤˡ
Ȼ֮£ǿԽȥľʦȻҲǵģ
ʦ˵ǣʦһλ˵ʦ֣úü죬ãôʦֵڳҲÿ򱦸󵽵ʵϣأˣ뱾λʦʦ֮Ϊ˱ʾлյҩͷӦһλʦֵ
ԣ˵ͷһãڳûȥӼ״һĹӦʱΨɫѿǵ˵ˣüһǵûбͷͷ޲ѡ
ʦ㣬¥粼ʦǰȥʦ㣬Ʒãɳˣƴλʦ֣ˣʦ֣ɷиС
Ե˵ͷȥˣ΢΢һЦҲ¥ȥˣķĸͷĿһ㶣Ҳ֪ӣĿģ˵ͷһ߶šҲ¥ȥˡΨýζ˴ﻹ£һȥЩ˵ﻹʲôֻûĸȥˡ
õȥЩǰ򷨱ҩ˶ʱܿͶ빺Ĵ󳱡ķĵҲЩۺ죬ȥˡǺ籰һȺӱɴ˺Ȼѵչȥˡ
ȴ˵¥ϯһƺ֪Ҫһ㣬ͲڶߣƼȣһƮŹľΪϲ
ϯ䣬һл¶ˣˣֲֻǰĳͻûԵ̫ΡｻǶĺһ㡣
һж̸УƵ絭ĿڵľʦܣΪŵӣǴϲʦһ仰㣬ɷԸٳ߸ͷһ


ڰ 洫
⻰ԭｻ˺ͣһ˿ȥ
һҲͷһ΢΢һЦֻҪ̤֮·˲ٳ߸ͷһֻǲ֪ʦ˵Ǻ˼
ͷʦǴˣǽҪ׬ȡʯƾһֶΣﶼһҲûҪרǺģҺˡЩӣʦҲеҺڶ֮УȻҲųһͬʣ¼壬Ҳ¼ӡֻǼˣ֮ݲͬλȴԶԶͬġĺģܹõӵģҲֻʦãʦһ洫ӡľʦȻΪŵӣģõŴȴһء
һЩߣɫһϲæѵʦ˼νİٳ߸ͷһָǳΪ洫Ӳɣ
⻰һԵ£ƿе˶Щ˶ǺС¼ţһǳ͵˲ţҪжϲʽΪ洫ӣõ˽յĳɾ͡
·뺣ĵӣһٸֻʮֽܳ˼׵Ĳſܼ洫Сһ洫Щ˶ѸٷɻڴΪԶͬ٭ĴڡһҲζˣȻҪŲõľ洫ӣﻹԾ
ʵǲ֪һ壬Ѿ˺ܾáһϼţΪ̼ҲƺҵĺƼЩ̼Ȼ˶ȴϡЩƲס
ΪһܳӵܵȻҪıߡ뵽Ƽҵ뷨νһֽڵʦź֮Լϼֱ̼йϵǻͨҲĸ֮
Žĥһչ鼺áͨϼķӦȴע⵽ԭƴȴҪ磬ǽŵѹһֻڴڼ䣬һǵûб򵹣ԽսԽ£Ȼˡ򱦸Կˡ
ֻһȻʵվֻŵӣûշӲӲȻǶˡʶ粻ǡѡΣյʱ̳֣һѩ̿򱦸ڽ㣬˴ٽһ̼ҵӪҲ˳ˡ
絭ĵ˵ͷǰһᣬ̼һλˮϣҪһҵӣƼһ¡Ҿľʦѵõ˲šǰȥֻǲ֪ʦΣ
仰һûзӦ˳һǳˮϣųпͻԪӤڣڵĳϡ
Ȼ˵ķӦ۵ס֮Բܻ֮£Ҫ̬ȣ֪̼һշľ𡣳֮⣬ȻҲм£ǣΪ̼˼
һԣͷĲ룬ԼҪ¶ʵǱ̼ҲŹ棬Ϊ洫ӡû뵽羹Ȼֱһ˵ĳͽһֱӱܹŹ棬Ϊ洫Ӳ˵˳Ĺ̼ңνǽԴϲ
뵽ԼҪĲŪ㹻ݣӴһεĻܣ̼һǺƼңǲ̫ں̼֦Ҳܾ
ԭˮʦҪͽܣȻʦԸټңҵң˵ҪͷʦˡպʦʲôҪģ򱦸󣬲Ʒ弶ҩһʦҪˣ
һӦøɴ࣬ҲˣǡƷ弶ҩĳŵ̫ںϾ˶̼ˣǷ͵ҩȻҲܲˡ
ʦܻĵźϢɣ
ˣҾʦһ
ãʦܵľˮΪɿڣ֪жģҼҳкüλϲƣǡ
ȻȻСﻹкЩʦȥСТλϣǰ
ˣʦҾͲˣ
һȡʮ̳ҺļƷƳ磬ֻ˼ǽһԵµ˿ˡ뵽ôƵʱ䣬һ̼˹ϵҸոսŵӣܿҪΪ洫ӡٶȱЩ
һ̼Ϲϵ򱦸͵ڳ˲̣Ҫʲô˼¶Ҫһˡ
´ʱͷˬԼ籰ǵһˣΪѵʱķͷͷٸнͬʱ׷׶Щ˼а˾պ򱦸ĹϵֽҪùϵ
Ȼ⣬ƿеΪͰɵ棬ֱӽǰĲ׿˿εкһƹֵƣ·ĺһ㡣ȻЩ֮ԱǣҲ֪ԽԽãҲ˵ʲô
ڴһവ֮ãƹѲֱȥɢˡ֮ʱһ͵ſڡķʵĸͷһ¿˶һ
ͱˣһ򱦸֮糱ڼȻΣҲùֱӽͰɴԼԺӣȥˡ


ڰ 
粨֮һʱ䣬°ŹӶʦʦˮĸ֮һȺ򱦸еĵҩͲ꣬õһֵΨƷƷҩֱֻǳܹ֧𡣹ʶҪһֵĻ֮١
ڴڼ䣬ȴҲкЩСѯʴҩˡЩ飬һҲ¶¶棬ϸͰá
ǣƷãɳˣƴﶼ򱦸ˡ̼һסһҲ֮еˡЩɣһȻ˼ȴҲʱһ棬ҺȾ죬Ҳ̸
֮⣬һµʱһúУżʱ̵ָʦʦ֮
һգһָƵСȻѰȴǿڿ̿࣬ûûҹչĹʱţĲãϢһתۣͼ˸䣬
һʦȻǸ˦ƹ񣬲ôԽ̵ȴûѣҲʲôͼҩֱӳһ˿ҩעڡȻûܹѸҩΪһ˿ҩȴǱȵһд鵤ҩˡ
̶̼ʱ䣬ڲҩ£ھھںϣĵһʽ̤ڡ
ʱһȡ˼ɵĹԼѡ⼸඼һڲҵƷڸֻԵѰõؼ䡣򵥽һ֮ͷŵǰѡ
ƿԼǰüɹȴûѡֻǿһͽ֪ʦ͹
һԣָЦСӣȻ͵ѡ񹦷£ܼˣ
Ʊһ˵죬૵ȴ˵Ȼ
һ״ҡͷЦˣˣⷨȻЩ͵ҲһӡðɣΪʦѡһ°ɡھ㱾ԴӦѡйʦˮĸ֮ҳƷͦʺġҹӼͣȴһֻãÿԼ㸨ľԹľòȫһ˿ٵľ֮δķչкôֻ˷ķʱǳ˵һûޱȼᶨ־֮Ժ㣬·ǵ𲻵õãпܻвɣ;زأ
⻰ͷƬ̧̣ͷһʦ𣬵Ըѡľ˫ޣ
һͿƵʣǵԹպһԪӤͷˡѡľ˫ޣศɣȻ࣬˵ûͻơʶƿľ˫ޣҲ¶һ˿Ц
ãǡ޵Ĺһľ䡷ʮǰһɡľ̡ı䣬㸨޵Ĺ
һݸƵͬʱһѶУ֮¶һ˿ЦǵˣƽһЩʱգҪЩʲôˣҵҪǴʲô⡣
ٴγ֣һҲԸõйͷԵƷԸ䣬㻯ɳˮĸ
򱦸󾭹һµľӪѾƵĲݴҲÿʲôˡеļ۸ƣϴ͵̬ϣܵѹĵӷ׷ǰĳȻ㲻ϻ𱬣ǳˮÿյĽҲΪС
ʱӦк˵ȴ¥ϣǰҲһԣǶǼ˷εĵӡ
˰Σ뵽Щӣ˽һ㣬˵ͷʮֲһǵȵĲͷ͵һӣŭȵҵ򱦸ĸȻٳٲ֣ѵҵΪô
⻰ɽһ񣬻߳ЦݣλѻϢŭϾ򱦸ĵطλȴǲð
˵ʲôвңݲʹӣô˵ããԼûмҽ̲ѵ㣬ѵˣ
һ̧־ͳ˹ȥһ֣һЦæһ̵Ĺֶʱ֡
ۼӾҪԿȴûһ㾪֣һЦһһͻȻ֣ȻҲʹ÷
һвˣȥɣ
ɫ΢䣬õķһƵĶƷԲеĲѰƷǽԷۣ߲һٺãҲҪ㹻Ϊ߶鵤ҩҲڵˮ׼˵ȴнΪ
𵤺Ȼֻһ㣬ȴر𡣳һѴмĲࡣһζӲӲ¼зҲҪˡ


ڰ 
Σһְ̧γͷ˳ҪʹԷŹ
һԵ˵ƣߺ澶ңһѵˣȻŮ֮𣬶ͬʱ֣һһҲҪסҪһѵ
Ȼԭֻǵͬɢһ㣬ȲЩɵӡһ£ȴǵ˲ٺôΪȻûֶȴҲǻ˲١
ֻһƿ֮ʮӰзųһĵ˵Ӷʱҽһŭе澣Ȼˣ
һЦ̧һУʮ֣һѽ뷨һѷһжƷԲƷȴС׵Ԫ𣬶ˮ׵绹ڤ֮޴󣬾ײޱȡ֮רƷԣһѽļֵһ㲻Ʒ
͵ϮóѣҪ־󡣵һιʼʩȴû˵ĵ˵һľƻ⵲ס
ľƱϢ⾳ȻԽԽվǽ뵲סǰԸĵʱ
ǲۣЩŵӣúãձˣܳˣ
ݺһЦ˵ӳߣݿһ㽫Ĺգ̷׷׻ȥͷȥ
¥ⷬ򿪣·˵ע⣬ĺӾԳԾĿһĻۼҪѪʱ򣬱һȴ洫ˣ
һԶԶоЩԣʱͷŭֱðֻٶٿ죬ȴҲһ룬ҪգۼϽٶҲЩǿ
һȣһ㶣ȻһǰȴҲ֣ͣͷһᣬԼͬŵӵݣһһŵӣΣҪնɱ˵ҪɱֵʱȴǾ㵵ķ֣ԼȴҲŲȥˣ˵оԼֵĴڡ
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ͷջصԺеʱһޱȵѪ˾Ŀ֮Уӵֱ۵з𣬾Ȼˡʱһ֪ʱѾ˸¥֮ϣץһԵĳ˵žˡ

ֱһ̣ӲŸоʹ٣ͨһˤڵأŶϱ۸ɺ
Ψһõĵ˵ӱһ㣬¶΢ĺ㣬㾹Ҳкͬŵӣ
һһ˲ԣҹ컯֮£Ŀ֮У򱦸ɱˣξ˲ã
㣡һʹӣǶʽӣŵӣǣͷ˲кͬŵĴѵгô
кͬţߣ㵤Ϊӣȴһֻŷҩ¢ϣѹեͬʦֵܣ׬ȡʯǿ֪ΪΪжʦֵˣܺΪǵˣŵԹصǻҸ˵кͬţҿһҪʹľǡ죬򱦸ΪͬŴ󿪷֮ţ㵤˾Ȼҵ򱦸ɱ˳ҵҪ˭ôȨô磡
⻰һڣʱ·ڶӵĹѾѹεòˡΣҲֻɰͻȻ򱦸Ӳǿס˵ѹ󿪷֮šǱĻɣǣΣм
ռõ˾Ȼ򱦸ƣȻɱˣЩٶ˶ܹŻݡټһ棬һӽ浤˵ѹסһ´ʣͷﻹ̵סһ˴ͷұһһ𵤻
˵ˣȥ׼򱦸ң
ԣȥҺҪЩȺ֮
ľʦģ֮ǻ֤õ˵Ļ˵óѣ
ԣ֤õ˵óѣ

򱳱һĪһʱռ˵ռģϽɱųһ˿ʱŵ亹ֱð㴭
ҪʲôѵҪ췴ɣһȴ洫԰Ӻһӳڴǰǳãǰȼ磬˵ǵʦ
˶ǽ𵤺ΪͬǴʦһŻںе˶ʱ;ĵ˵ͷЦſһľʦܣƾһҾͿԸһƻģгϸȥŵݣֱӴΣա
һԣͬһЦʦֹˣʦҲ˵ʵˣλʦֵ룬ǰ˹˶Ϊˡʦǣ򱦸ӭȻ˵ǰԼıںʹȼԸͬʦֵܣ˺ģͱȥλǰ㵤Ҳÿɣ


ڰ ̫
һѹȫųƣһû뵽ûõĵӾȻԣھ͵йؼƸ֮ڡʱɫΪѿ
ߣѪˣȣԻں󣬵ڲϻڸģҵȣڤ粻飬ҽվҪгϽѵѵ㣡
һ̧־Ȼһһȥһ״һЦҲ˵ͬ¯˳һײͬʱҫ𱦹Ȼǲʤ
ҵֿҾ𣬽һ¯Ӹˣ
̧һ㣬һ취ӡɵϣþɶÿһųһ棬ڽĸһӾͽһ¯ס
ߣȻʦҪҾһ棡
һһ䣬öһ׶ɫ汦ӵ¯֮˳ҫľһöССӡһӴǱһĻ棬Ȼ˲ֱ⣬һöͶ˹ȥ
ãʲô棡
øջعʶһöʱ㷢ԼΪľѾС룬æ˻ԼĶջһ㡣
µ̽˷һͱɣֻͷѪָջض¯һŭ㣬㣬㣬ʹõʲô
𣬺ߣ㻹ʦ涼ʶãҲ˵ˣһмһЦ
ʲô㡭
ǿߣæסõʦܣ԰꣬Ӳ򵥣еĻòǴ˵֮е̫𡣡
ţ̫𣡡ÿһö飬Ҳ¶Ծı
Ǻǣʦֲʦ֣ʶǹ㲩һ̫𣬵ʦҲǻǧټƴ֮صЩǿֻʹҪЩʦôЩӦùɵĶüˡ
ʦʦרõĻ棬Ѱ¾ǵػ𣬺𣬽֮һࡣЩ棬㣬ǿƲ㣬ǾѷɫϺõĻ棬ҪǧٴεĴǿƣۼõĻȴ֮ɵ֡
õľ𣬱ǲɼǿһ棬ͨطɡ֮¶֮Ѱ𵤸ֵĵʮܹΪʦƾ֮һ
˵ں֮ҲǿĴڡǱ֮Ҳǿߵ̫Ǿ㲻ʲôˡ
Ȼ̫˶ĿˡǵΪҪרŴˮĸĿ֮ѹζһƻ֣෬ơ
ÿҪõľʱ˼ϻ֮£ֱ̫˶ԷһһȷʵҪʡЩӵĿ๤ˡ
ԣ̫ĳԾعһɱ˵۹⿴һż̫ȴԳһ˿̰ζаƣԼܹõ̫˵ˮ׼һ¥˵ƷƷԲǿܵġ
ʱں֮еݵλֲһˡܵǣܽһ֮ͻƵǰƿпܽԪӤڣΪһ
һ㣬Ҳ̰֮ɫȴǸӳЩ֪̫ǿ²У˼һʱһ
û뵽ľʦܾȻڣ˳ΪʦҲȻˡ֮£Σ򱦸һˣҵȴеӱ㵱ˣ˵򱦸Ҳռ
һ⻰Ȼʼ֪ԷȻйơҲ£һЦˣ֪ʦֶԴкָ̰
Գһ˿Ϊ֮ɫȻҵҲв֮⼸ӱΪ˸ȴûìܡʦֻҪӦμһĵᣬ¾һʹΣ
᣿ô򵥣
һҲ֪⡮ᡯʵǵ˾ٰģΪչʾ䵤ҩһۻᡣ
Ȼĵϻر̨ϣʦܹμӡȻǱӮȻҪвͷܾˡ
Ŷͷ֪ʦҪõʲôһ֪ıˣͷʱЦѡ
Ǻǣľʦܣ򱦸ȻʢҵǰҲں֮ڡֵֻǰȴ˵ǲ֪ʦ᲻øˣ
⻰һʱָ֪ʲôЦԭʦҪҵ̫ⶫȻվʲô᲻õġֻǲ֪ʦҪʲô㾭ӪĵΣ


ڰ 
ʲôӶң
ñ˿ͷŭֱðһ˵Ҫıǵ˵Ļҵɵŭͷ𣬱һҪ֡ȴǱס
ɫҲЩľʦܣ̫Ȼ󣬵Ҳ˵ˣˣȻҪҾӪĵ˻ҵǲЩƽ
ƽһƲƲ죬˿ٿ˿һԸŭԵڶӣζ
ˣˣȻʦҪŲõСʦҪƽ˵˵ôǹƽɣ
һ̣ôӵۣɫҲЩÿȴ£ǿһЦҲ˵ˣ򱦸ֵǰһʦ㣬һǴû¶λʦȻʦҪҵ˵ĻҵȻҪõȼ۵ĶʦӮˣҵ˾͹㣬ʦˣԼʦ̫𶼹ҵΣ
һ˵һǰЦȴǲֳͬһȻһüͷһȴûӦ
ߣľʦܣѵ㲻Ҷôǡü״Ц
һһЦõĻãľͶģȻ㵤˵ѾˣֵҵĶעΪ˱ŵӵĸҾǿܺˣ
һףɫǺͬΣӲǲ֪ôڡֻƵĿһһ˫۾Ѫ˿
ǺãҲɵŭˣ뵽ʤ֮󲻵ܹõ̫𣬸ܽһ£ʱôô裬Ҳ
Ȼˣʦܾͺú׼ɣϸ˶ϣ˵գһе˵Ӿȥˡ
ˡԶͣһһЦûһǸ˼
һ˳ŵͬʱһ󻶺ӹҩȺ֮һ˷ܵ˵ŹĻһһҪӮ֮ࡣ
һ֪ЩҲǱѹȵþˣкһ¥ȥͰɵ
˵ȻһͷȣҲϢˣСӴǷϸ˺Щҩһ˲٣ͺ˴롣
ң¶ң붫Ұɣһɬ˵
ѵβɣ
ǰңΪ΢ҲͲöҳˣץסѱҪЮˣ
ҲΣҪ𷣣ҲӦóеҲվı飬Գ֮ɫ
һ΢΢һЦˣͷȥȡһƿ鵤ȥȡһƿԪɣ
ţ⻰˲ɵһ㶡
һЦȥ죬ѵҪԸɣ
˲һҲϷŪǣǵԤıŪҾͷ̼һ¾ȻһϢûУǳЩ⡣뾳ҾҪʯչԼʵǱλ˵޹йΣҪٽô
һһƣʱȻæлֻЩǡᡯ飬֪һûжԲߡڴ£һֻӦ֮ʹ˶ȥԼ΢΢һЦķȥ
ţϣԼϼһڣĵһ洫סڶŵڣŵסĲ֮йϵסͬҲпĵط
һŵӣҲס㣬λȴԼҷ򣬷һȦһԺǰ
ѶƬ̣һ˿ϼµ塣ԭϼ̼ҵչ£ҲչֳԼǼƷĲܣȻһһ㣬ҲǰЩʽšΪ̼ҵĹϵıʿһݽ̼ң̶ܳȶԣһҪм֡
ľү˹أ
ãһҲֱӽУ˼ڿþϼ
ϼ̶̼ʱҲ˽ڣһҲӭЦľֿǴæˣ֪ʲô紵ˡ
һǺһЦǨ¾ӣףأ˳лʦǰԣ
˵䣬ַųһȻƴ˳һӡϵĴȻӭɳɳͬʱһӵŵ˿˿Ʈ˳⾹Ȼһ÷ģ񣬾аȵ๫á
ϼ編ͷʮϲҲƴǣ΢΢һЦľǿˣҹϵԵǻﻥǡʦҲԾˣջľĲʦ̼ҵĹעҾ˵Ƥкá
һҡͷЦֲǫˣ˵ǰһ£ϣٷЩ˼Щǡ
Ŷʲô£ľ˵
ǺǣҲ£Ҳǵ˴һİˣ


ڰ 
ǵÿ꿪ģΪչʾʵչᡣÿһ굤ᣬӮҶǵˣȴЩͬΪ·ɱһԼ򱦸󣬴˵˵¢ϵλǴӶɧ̨
ʮǰǰȥ򱦸򱦸μӵᣬ˫¾ע飬Ҳע⡣¼Ѿ˵ķ룬˺һЩϵĹע
һգῪ࣬ǹҩǿֵĵӱ᳡һ᳡Ǿķ֣ԭ۸Ӹ߲µĵˣξȻҩļ۸µһأȻ򱦸޼
򱦸ǰȻҲǸ̬쵤ᣬһο˵ǿֵĶ࣬Ĺ򷨱ҩȴˡ
Ⱦ棬᳡ɫ࣬òʾãˣٽ۸񽵵Ȼǽͼ۸֮󣬹һӾͶôˣȴûһ˵ġ
Ϊǿһ㣬¢ϵ£˵ۣǼ۸һ㣬Ҳ˷ӵȴòƵһٽǿڴǮ˲ࡣﻹһԼ򱦸
һΪ˶Ըһ򱦸רſ̨Ŀ˵ᡣȵ˭óĶĳļ۸ߣ۸߻ʤ̨ǷΪ֮֮һӮʤ
ῪʼһʱҪʼɲһӰúڸ¥֮СźŨ֮ˣһ뷢ף׷ͯգһ˻׶̷ȴΪ׳ӶϢó˾ȻԪӤ֣Ǻϣ֤ġ
һٳٲòɵЩˣɻʦ֣˵ľʱû᲻ǲˣ
ҡҡͷӦòᣬմǵڶ˵ǻԼ͵ͬԶˡ
Щĵֵȴô죡
΢΢һЦλһЦʦܹˣжλ֤Ҳȥġ
Ƕ̷صġšһҶڣҵ̼棬ǶҲɰŵݣ򱦸ǡ
⻰öʱģæ裬˶л
ʱЩɧһ˽᳡Ϊ׶һϼɣ˶ں档ԵӼһˣ׷˺óһ·
øŵСӣٲ˵еӭ̷һΪ
ʦҲضŭȻȴòԶԸ˵պոҲΪҺƼءãȥɣǶں棬㾡ܳ־ˡǰ׷ԲԵĳϲɫͿڵ
⻰ͷ˵ףæл֮󣬳ȥӭһĶ顣
ߣľʦܺôļӣȻô˲ѵ˶Ӳɣ
ʦֹˣҲ׼һ£õʱӮˣò㵤ˣ׼ǣ
㣡öʱ˵
λʦܣ˵棬ҪʼˣľʦܣϣóıҪʧǡ
һ⻰֪̽ԼıǺһЦʦֿˣ򱦸󿪸󲻾ãȵʦֵ˵ϣʦǡ
˵˵
Ҵǹལ棬Ǽ٣ʱ䣬Ҳͳ᳡ȥ
ͨЩͬûˣ˭ͿԼȥȻ˾ͳۡ
տʼΪĵ˼ϺõķҩȥһҲһüǮ½½иɵĵӽȥϣемһ
ʮ֮еĲҰֵģһŸֻƵƤЩƤǸֻƣУЩƤӿƷĺòϣһȴôΪԼ֮䣬ЩƤӵĻϿϹĵĺۼȻ֪ǲǶʮģΪܣһҲԸ֡
ȻЩ˶ƤӸȤһĲֱӺ˶ʮʯļ۸ѹȫֱӽһƤ
ʱƣὥ߳úڵķһ̨չһλεĻӣֳɫ⣬нľˮϢϷ׷ҫƹʣжʮĵƣٵҲжʮһƣȻһȫȫƷ⻷
׷ʱǵһ󾪺Ҫ֪Է׵ãȫķȴѵãһƷˮ׼ʦ֪ķѼ˼ƳɹƳɹıҲ֪ʧ˶ٴΡ


ڰ ̨ͬҩ
ǵ˵⻷վڸ̨֮ϣ׼ʮʯ֮󣬱㿪ʼмۡʮʯ׼һʱȫƬ̣һڰ֮е걬ʮʯ
ƺʮıۺڳѹ֮Ǽ̶һ߼۱ʮ򣬰ʮ򣬾ʮ򡭡һɫĿԽһһʮֱӱһʮļ۸ֳ
ʮ֮һϵϡͬ洫֮еһλ֣Ȼ㣬ȴҲŨ⻷ѵõľ䡣һ½мۣԳ־ڱصá
۸ϵ֮£ջؽм۵˼ͬʵĸ֣ʵҲԼֵķͲɵҪһǷΪһϵһգҶѡ˳Ĭðһʮʯļ۸񣬽һ⻷յС
⻷꣬һĳһʮʯĸ߼Լ֮гһٺһЦ֮ˡ
Ҫ֪ѰƷԲҲһʯӡ⻷ǵһҲʮʮʯˡһףճУ۸ʱͱһءðٰƵĽ룬һҲŪһķǾܴﵽλˡֻһʱȴûһ㾪ţһϼˣ̩ɽ
ѵǻʲô춯صıﲻɣͷɵɻһĵҩܿջ˼
óĵҩ򵥣һСƿ弶мҩɢƿɢųΨҶԪӤˣҲܵסʮѰҾ֮£һ𵤸ʹãҩЧǿ󣬼޲𵤵ô
⡮ɢһ֣˵νڽƯܲ˭Ҳұ֤ԼԶˡͬĺö˭Ҳʯ̨ɢ˻ûзҩǵ˵ĶµȽмˡ
˵ӾҪ׼۶۵ʱһӺ֮д
˵⻰һ΢΢һЦվ湰˹֣İû뵽ʦ־ȻɢϵҩʦãҲһöɢЧĵҩҪʦһһļ۸񣬲֪ʦָһǲҰ
ΪӮһᣬҲǻ˼Լĵҩ׼õġɢ˳붨ܹѹȫȴû뵽ٵͷȴһһ֣ҪԼһ𾺼ۡ
Ҫ֪ͬһ𾺼һֿܡһֶôЧʱļ۸񶼲ߣڶЧͬ࣬Чȴ̫󣬾ͻһֻȻЧõǼ۸ߣһЩ۸񱻴ѹס
Ȼ뵽ֿܡԼĶɢžԵģټһһ䡮ҲҡҲûѡ
ǺǣȻľʦȤʦֵβȫʦܽ鵤ȥɣ
һԵ˵ͷ˰֣Ͱɶ˳˰ᣬ̨ȥ̨ϣɵһУ򿪡
̨˶֪һεʲôᣬʵҲ򱦸͵˵Ϊ򱦸һȻŵҪĶɢ̨ͬȽϣֻ˵̨ҪǾ춯صĺñٵҲ֮ͬĶ
СĴе˲䣬һ׹ֻ֮һ׹⵲ס⻪ɢȥ¶һöĴָСںͬʯīӵĵҩ
öҩһ׹⣬ȴʮֲÿȴƸûпһ㣬ͻذУָûںĵҩЦöҩ򱦸֮֮һһöϵ
Ϊʲôˣ۾Ҫʵ⻰һʱһ㶣׷׻ǲԼˡ֤һʱɫÿ
ʲô֮ȻһöϵЦҲҪɣ
ΪʲôöȻһöϵȡѵ۸ûм棡
ߣ򱦸ԭҲˣֱȥҪ
ԣԣȥ
Ⱥ֮Щƫ򵤻˵ľͿʼȻʿվڸ̨֮ϣĽ𵤸֣ȴһ㲻ţĿţһ٣¿ڡ
λ԰꣬ⶫȻǱ֮Ȼô򵥵ĶöҩȻǷϵȴͨϵһö弶ƷĶ鵤컯ķϵ


ڰһ ֶ
弶Ʒ鵤
컯
ͷһڳѹȫνƷҩͬҩ֮жĴڣÿһöֵøü弶ƷҩѵеѵãǲѰܹƳԪӤʦԳ֣С̺ҲҪ֣ʦˮ׼ܹ֤ɹ
Ȼ֪νġ컯ʲôЧһʱ֮䣬弶ƷҩͷȴѹǰϵִķӦ˳Ծѡ
֣˵Ĳⲻֳͬһ֮⣬Ψһⵤҩɫȴ΢΢һ䡣ȻûеȴҲ֪컯ⶫȷʵ弶Ʒҩ涼Ƕ⡣
Ȳ˵ֶжôֶָҪжộϣҪһöԪӤͬĲ֮ģ弶ȶɲһŪԪӤ֣ﶼǰҪɱ㣬ҪŪԷԪӤǼֱϼѡ
ΪԪӤһֶܹ׹ǡ޲ԪӤһĴڡһ֣ԪӤַͷֶǺġ
ʶһ⡮컯֣ͳһȳԾǣȻϵǾ͸ķˣΪһǫ́ͬǲҶô
Ҳʦ˼һתһܣһĿ̨ϣζ˵
ȴ˵ðյ˼ת˼ʱ΢΢һЦ̧һָһķǵ׹һ˿һǰŵļ˹ȥ
ͻأ⼸Ӷֻøŵҩ㣬ûǷӦоһĪˢȫкĻɼȻͺ˴롣һɫ󣬻Ϊһ㡣
һĻڳ˾ѡʱĻָ˽׹ҩ㶼·΢΢һЦλҲˣöȻҲǷϵȴͬѰķϵǱԭ컯ҩķϵȻԭ컯һ㣬ԪӤԲֶܹԪӤڼ¸֣һǾûˡ
״Ϊ֤ĽֳͣʱһƬȻ룬ԪӤֶĵҩø𵤸ã¾ͲֹǾһˣʮ𵤸֣¶ܹס
뵽ڳ˵˫۶ˣⵤҩǵģ˵þҪǵɱ˶ᱦ
ۺͬɫһӾͰǲбҩҩԵطû뵽ط㱣ҩ
ԼġɢȻҲ˵ãһȽʱͳģ˵ʯ֪һֵ̨ͬһǵڶֽɱĲһԼ
Ű֮ڵһٿһ۸̨֮ϵյͷ̨Ҫʼ뵽ʲôǹһ˿Цݣת˰ᳯ˺ĸ¥ȥ
ǰһ۵̵棬ҩ컯ľҩ˵Ŀⶼ۽棬һԵġɢԹԵĿʼҩĺôһһľ
һãϺʱ΢΢һЦС˵ô࣬ظλ˽ⵤҩĺôھͿʼɣҩ컯׼һʯ
۸һֳʱ⻷ͬ컯ڵ׼ۿʼ˲˷Ӧһʯ˽мۣ컯ƵһʮʯͲһ˲Ҫ׷ƽ⻷
ǰɫʮѿһһʤˣϾûаĿˡ˫Ķ֣
ʱһӻ᳡洫ҳһʮʯ
󣬵ȴ˶𣬶ʱ˶ԾĿȥֻԶ̷վȻֻһˣڳӵĸоȴһɽһ㡣ˣ˳λƼҳ֮һ
һݰ٣ڵӶʱ𱨼һʮʯҪ̨ö컯ɡһ̣Ժ֮ǣԼۡ
Ҳףϵ֮һƼҵĳϡںͬƼƹ˺󲿷ȨƼ
ǺƼҵĳϼƼҳҲҪ֮еһ˸˵Щӣŵӻ洫ӣ˭Ը־ްԵĳԡܿ죬˶ɴ˾ʱġɢöԾ컯
ΣȻûһ˽мۣϣʱԳһ˿ɫ˵һܹʤȴǴ˰ƱҪ⻷ġֳȻûһٿڣǶˡ
ôϽмôãûٽмۣΪλжѵ㻹ڵʲô˲ɣ̷һЦʱһƷųȻʮɣȴҲˤڵء
ʱһͬһϼǺһЦǶ̷һ볤ˡ۲ö컯ܾˣľֿҾͱһ۰ɣһʮʯ


ڰĶ ˮ
ڳĶˣȥתһȦһƼҳϽסһؽм۸סҪ˵ûʲôè壬ûš
ڴҶΪҪ۾Ҫͣطһ򱦸Ҫһƿһ̣ҪֵԲֹʯ鵤ͳʱ򣬾Ȼ˵ҿٴνмۡΪ̫ͷ϶ϻĺһ㡣
˷׷̧ͷһᵤڵĵӣҿϵķƣ洫Ӷ㲻ϣȻ͸ҽа峤ϡɵǲһʹĺ֣Ҫ۸ҪӮһ̡֮飬˵һҪԹϵҩϢˡ
Ȼô룬ʵȴǲö֪Ƕ̷ϱӦԼǾԳֶǳԶһ̡û뵽ȴϼ۸ͷıͷŭͲϸ˵ˡ
Ϊǲ⶯ѹӣȴԼֶΣϼһӿΪССӾȻôʯ³ϻɼϸҪ׽̽
˵䣬Ҳϼ粵һЦһ̤ն棬̧־ͳϼץȥ
ϼû뵽ΪϾȻ޳ܣµͷȴϾͷŭһҪųҪֵ
ֻԪӤѰ𵤵֮Ĳ˵Եƣϼֵܹڶ̷ϵ֮£Ƿڣó
ۼһץϼͷż̷֣͸һ˿Թ֮ɫĸ͸һ˿ȻֶΣҪϼ
ʱáۡһ죬һ׶ɫĻǰ档ƲɵֵƾȻ棬͵˻ȥ
̷ɫ΢Ŀһȵһ̫ľΪŵӾȻҶԱ϶ֱ֣ҷϡΪһֵ̫ܵϵֶΣ̫ٽһܣץȥʡ
˵䣬̷ϾȻٴγ֡һγûֶΣûʵɼֶΣˮɫƣֱסһϼ˼ȻҪ
һ׼һϼ壬ԼҲͬʱ֣׷׼ֵһơ
ڶֶ֮Уһ̫ΪҫۡȭͷСĻ澹ȻӲסɵҲϵջơԼǻǿͬˮ׼ǾԲ̫Ķ֡
ȴûлһǿ̫Ȼǿ󣬵Ҳѹð˻̷ֻϵˮɫƣȴԽԽǿɽһѹƺҪ顣
һʱʹñֶΣĵֿ͵ˡΣ˼ͷɿתҪȣǵˣҲκˣȵһᣬȵ̷Ͻʱķһ˲䣬ͻʩֶΣ˾һɱ̷ϡ
Ȼһ¶ݣǵٻȥпܺ׷ɱͻ½صĻҲǲ˿ԥѡǰߡ
һ㣡
һһĬĬ㣬һˮĸ֮е˹ͨΪһɱⳤϣٵһ̸ǲòɱһѪ·ȥ
ʱÿһ˲һ֮жҪֳʮݣٷݡаٷ֮˲Ϣʱ򣬺һǿȴǴƷ
䣡
һ죬ˮɫƶʱȻըɢԪ
˭ִ£ٸҹ
̷ϱΪԼҪЩײԼһ򾡣ؼʱȴ˵ңѹȥŭֻ֪ǣ˷ֺѾͷأﻹĽк
һͷ֮⣬һ˿ϧϾնɱһͱ˵ԪӤҲһĵ顣
һ뷨ҷһߣһԵȻưۣҳˣҪΣ
⻰кư۵ĳͬ˹һ㣬ˮˣȻ㣬㲻ڱأ׼ͻƺôô
ֻһ۵˴滺˽ĪãڷףһװԳ׵ζӺư۳ϵĻ˾ȻǵҪһܵʦϣͻƺڵˮϡ
ˮδţֻüһ̧˿һϼˣ΢΢һЦŶԺư۵ͻ˺ڣ㷴ǲϲ˰ɣ뿴һµĵӣȴû뵽һͿųϵݣѹµӣǲ֪Ƽҵǰν̵ġ
˵ʱˮû˿ı䣬ֻǿ˿һߣһݹ뷢԰׵ĳϡ˼ˮϣɫҲЩÿư۲ͬǰˮϹ˹ֵˮʦ֣֪ʦּ٣£


ڰ Լ
ˮüͷһԭǺǧʦܣ˵˭һԣû뵽ʦ㡣첻С飬Щʲôѵ֪ҪŲɣ
ǧȻҲǺƼҵԪӤϣȴǱȺư۱ָһ㣬ˮͬһˡˮϲſϺһʦܣҲֱˡ
ǧΪƼɳﵤ˵ĳϣȻ̼һгæûľȻλԪӤһ˵ˮϡһʱ䣬ռҲΡ
ʦּЦˣǶΪ潫ıȶűеġȷʵСӵ飬Ȼֵġ
ޣ֣ˮϿ˿һԵĺưۣһֶԸ̼µӣԼҼµĵӣǺⰡ
⣡ǧһ㶣ԭ̼ҵӵܣ˾ˣʦܼӳֲȴЩ׼ȥһ°ˡȻᣬҾʦΪλʦֶǸˣ
ˮϵҡͷǸͲˣΪϣԵڣѹȵӣҲӦóͷһ£ˣóԺʮнɣ
ʲôưû뵽ˮϿھҪнٺҪȴǧסһЦ˵ˮʦ˵öԣմ˴ˡ
ˮĵ˵ͷ̨֪ϵʲôȻƼҵĳ϶֣
ǧ֪ˣֻЦ̨򱦸ȥģһöϵ弶Ʒҩ컯ķϵ
ţϵ컯ķϵǷϵôô˷ˮЦЦ
ǧ״ֻýŵöȻǷϵȴǱطҩ
ҩ컯ȷʵǺöˣѹҪһǹˣҲְɣȻڳˣ˭ΪԼҲԽмۣĵĽмۣϱ֤˽±
⻰һڳӶʱ׷ˮںСҲĺá⻰Ȼڱ֤Ƽҳ϶ұˡ
ðɣ¿ʼɣ
ˮϻ˻֣¿ʼһ˲ۣҶʼСȴҲд󵨵ĺ˸ߵļ۸񡣶Ϊҩ컯λȷʵвСÿÿмۣζû˿ڡ
һ۸ﵽ˶ʮĸ߷塣λǺǧϺġ
ǧһЦݵˮʦ֣öҩҲû̫ˣʦһвСôһΣͷɣ
ˮԣҲգֻҪٽмۣҲɵҪǿǡ˵ԪӤ֮ΪߵģƸ棬ҲĵģҪǮ治һȵùǧ鵤Ҫʮأö컯úò
ˮԥƼλϵʱ򣬱һӺ洫İʯ
ʲôİʯʲôˣ
˳Ծתͷȥֻ֮վһºۣһ˭ˡ
ףʲô˼ȻԼԼĵҩ
ǰѵǷ˲ɣٶʯôԼмۣͬ䰡

˾㵣ɻ۷׷׵ʱһ΢΢һЦλϣλʦֵܣľĳö鵤ԭû뵽ʹãóȴ뵽Ӧôòô˷ջλʦֵܼ¡һᣬҾ͵ǡȻΪ˹ƽҲֻмһΣԸߵļ۸ľĳֻʹˡ
һĻڳһȻİʯ۸ʵڳڶ˵ĵߣλƼҵĳҲԥԥһշһ˳컯İʯһ˵Լ飬Ҳܲˡ
컯һüáȻӮһ̣ɫȴÿΪһĹƶˣȴûܴһһԼ䡯һһȭ򵽿Ĳо
ϲλʦְһǺһЦ
ߣöʱŤͷȥȱߡ
ʦܿıԣʦܲҪˣ˵һ䣬Ҳȥˡ
һҲܶˣ˱㳯λϵİȥʱѾ򿪣λУˮϵ֮룬Ƽҳϵᵹͦ˼ıȶҲʧˣˣҲȥһкˣ
һȺӹƼҳɫҲЩÿҲҷǧڵˮʦǸã˼Ҷ˾ȥһ᳡˵ʦִˡ˵գͬʱݹȥˡ
ˮϼΣһЦתͷˣǲܺãѾͷûпˡѾǻȥ׼ıȶʲô
ˮϿ佱ɫһϲһǰһǰάӵл˵ţһ


ڰ 
컯
ˮ΢΢Ծû뵽һ˵þȻ׸Լ΢΢һЦΪлңǺǣⶫ¸ңںı֮ƫ̻㣿
һ̧ͷˮ˫ۣǰǽΪл˼볤ںı֮ƫ̻Ͳڴˡ
ˮϳɾȻһûԣʵŶȻˣΪΣȻԸһ̲˵ֵʯĺö͸ңҿ˵ǺһҪ뵤ˣūۣν󰡣
⻰һ¶һŵЦ˵ЦˣһȻ䣬ʵϣʲôܹʤģӶԴġ
ġ˵ˮ¶һ͵ЦãõúܣֻΪѾͷҵһһ֮ţû뵽Сӷǵ֣Ǽƺ͵ǣ˺ƼȺϲģֱΪͽҲˡ
һԣ˼һ⻰Ȼ򵥣ȴ͸¶ϢˮԼ뷨Լǰʽȵȡ֪ˮԼҲſ
޵ܣóϷ˼¼ҵӴ˼ƾö컯óϸ¼ϴͬඥҲʲôֻ´˵лϵ֪֮
ˮϹһЦһ̧֣ͽ컯յ˿һȻǺҩӿĵ˵ͷãʵǼ̼ҲˣϱҲҪЩСʲô컯ѵõҩҽҪҾͲˡҲҪġΪͽ洫ӵͶ˵ģҲ˵¡ֻչֳ̫ţǵúƼһȺ϶ͷлЩۡҿɲְܳæһֻܿԼһʮ󣬼ֵҲһ㲻һöҩֻǶ˵Ҳûʲôˣ˵õţǾȥ̼ңҲܲ飬ҲǲԿġ
˵ţˮϻַųһʹһüģʱһоԼһƬ⾰˫ŲһƬˮϣһ̱һԲµҫһ˿˿޵Բͷʱһʫ䣬ˮɳ龰
һָֻ̣ǰһû˿仯ˮһЦĿԼ
ϣǣ
Ǻǣⶫ˵Ҳ˵Ҳǵ̼֮棬ˮ˿е󾳽磬֮ʱ֮еһ˿
ʲô򣡡һڳ˶Ŀɿڴ
Ҳؾ棬һ˿򱾾Ͳȫھü˵תڽᵤͻԪӤܻЩ΢ôԪӤֺңȴûôˡ
⻰˲԰һȻô˵оһ˿˵ȴô򵥡˼һתл
֮ˮѯһ䣬ˮ׼òѯλʦ˭һ֪ıȶᱩ¶һУҲԼʦʦ顣˵ˮϣΪ֪һϼҲԾѡ
ˮϵ˼̽ʻû컯൤ҩ֪һʦ֮Ҳ͵ˡҪ˵컯һֻһ¯ʧˡֻͷȷʵûˡҪ˵ƣԼȴģɹĳϡ
⻰ȴǲ˵Ϊһͱ¶ʦʵʦ롮ʦȻһ֣ȴر𡣽𵤼ʦԪӤĸֻҪԪӤĴʦÿһţһ
ǽ¶ʦҲͰˣһ¶ʦˮ׼»Ｋطǵúϼ̲飬˿Ϸ֣˵л뿪ˡ
ˮϵʻһֻ˵Լ֮еõһö弶ǧټ֮ҲʧܡѲ˴ʹطӡ
õĽˮȻÿϧҲûлɡϾҲһȻţ겻Ҫʦǲܵ顣
һ̸޹֮ˮһȥ׼ȥˡһȥ֮һŮӳڷУ硣
棬֪ľΣ
ǺǣǲСӱĲ˵Ȼͨܹ̼ңֻҪܽԪӤʱ̼ʵȻٶ˽пܡ
˵ǣҲǿЩҲԳˣ
ǺǣҳҲûʲôֻ˼һ⣬ǾΪʦͽҲǹѣ¼̼ңҲһ̫İɣ
˼ǣЩɻ
ˮϹһЦлŮ쾭壬Ҳˣ粻ǣǡ
絹û뵽ˮϻһ䣬ʱҭˮϼ״˰ֵˣСŮԼǣǵñҪʼˣһȥɣ˵ţݹ⣬㳯Ի᳡ȥ


ڰ ˫ϴʦ
᱾궼Уʡһ򱦸ĳ֣õ˲òʹֶΣŪЩ»
ϸֱ׷ӿ֣úλӿ۽磬˺ô컯νһۣ϶˳˼ˡȻһԼ鵤˻ȥԼ䣬˷ǵûӣ˲Сˡ
ǰ澫죬ںԣںӶ׷ײ룬Ȼʳ̶Ⱦᡣ
󲻾ãһԱĻ᳡Ѹٲ׵һ֮󣬱вʦʦ׷ױЩǵ˵ӣҲɢʦʦлһҲ࣬ʮˣ򱦸ˡ
һԣ˵Ҳ֪ؼڵˣ򱦸֮䣬ʦʦ֮ν˵ӰŻţŻܵӡʶʦʦҲϷŹôһԼĻᡣ
һʮʦʦѾ׼ȴľԼһˡ
һϼ٣ó֡öһһЦǰ㵹Ǵûѡ񷨱ұȽϣ򣬺ߡ
һ΢Цҡͷʦ˵ǣֻ˭ʱ䲻أȻҪһ㶫ʦָ˱Ҳİ
⻰Լʤ֮䣬һ֪Լһȫʧ˵ҲûȤˡ
ǰԼʹȴûгɹ飬Цľʦֶθ߳Ȼ弶Ʒ鵤ɱں棬һֲöҩǹʦΪɣֻǿϧˣöҩûгɹͲʦʦһұǲñȣֱͺˡ
һ⻰̽ζֿ۸һͲмںҪĲ̣չ¶ɣʵƼҲ㹻̼ҷĵĶС˼һתǶʱһ˿ЦȻʦûģȰ㻹ĺðɣ
һ㶣ûһôӣӹϺãһЦʦ˵ЦˣΪλʦǰαԾҪʼˣѵʦܲҪȨɣ
һԣһЦȨЦһվѵʦûпô
㣬˵򱦸ʲô˼ǣѵǡԳһ˿֮ɫ
һȻˮǰ¶Ҳ׼ˡǺһЦңѵʦͲ˵ʦͲô
⻰˵󣬵ڳ󲿷˶ǰһԻһ˼ʱһĿ˹һ߸̨϶ƼҳҲ¶
ܣȻֻ֮ͨǵͼˮ׼ˣֶǧѣôܹԳɴʦԲܣ
þΪʦļײʷ϶֮ΪԼܹ޶ܣ඼ɣһɲŵҲ֮٣ЩǾĴڡ
ʱõĻ˵뷨ֻǲ֪һ·ӶϹеķšʶǵӰ죬ĥֶΣศɣﵽһĽϡ
ֻϹ˵ͳһ̤Ϲ·˵˳ȻֽнȴһĴڡνɵǳҪҲͲͨοҲм͡
ˣԽǲͣԽ£ԽԼҪȥǵ鷳Ҳ÷һں棬¡
·ҽĿԶԶҲ֮㣡һ˵ţҲãת㳯ȥ
һ̳ɡ֮ܡȻŭͷҪȴǳԾͻɣһȻʦˮ׼Ĳţ
ʦܣ߰ɣǼ٣ҪԹ֪ʦͷȴҲҪһ֮Ӯˣܻʤһռ˱ˣ
仰ҲдʦͷĿһıӰһۣ˼Ҳǰȥˡ
ֹܿȻһ֮⣬򱦸ûһˣһľֱԡҶʱһʦͷʱ˼ֻ֡ǶǿֵģԽǾ棬ԽǸˡ
ĹҶףҲö˵ÿ˸ԽԼķ䣬ɲþʤλһͬ⣬Ȼɸָʱ֮󽻳гϾʤ
һһ䷿Уͷһתɨ䣬ȻصĵطһȴǼ¼ӰֶΡҪ֪ʦʦֶζǾܣ֮ˣǾԸ⵱ƵġһȻҪ͵ֶΡ
ͷһһЦҲʩһ棬֮ɱˡ㾲ȴ


ڰ Ŀ
Ƭֻ̣һһһһһ
һҪ򵥣һɽƵǲܼ۸ʹõĲϲܳ÷ΧϿԱҲ򵤻˹Ϊ¢˶ĵˣĶ˵ֲȴǲٵġ
Ȼһڽӿռ֮еĸֲѾѳɽͲͷ΢΢һ㣬ԼҪĲϣԼҪƵķ֮󣬱ٿ⡣
˵Ҳӣ˵Ҳ򵥣һŵ˰յŵϵõҩ˵Ѳѣ˵Ҳ򵥣һļƷҩ
ⵤҩȴЩƫţ鵤ʹáħħ֮ĶͿ鵤ιڷã޲壬ǿЧñѰļƷҩԻ˻ࡣ
֮˵ŵҩƫţΪȻһζҩȴûʹáɵæĥֶΣм֮ࣻħȻ壬Ǹõҩô鷳ֱѪʳιܹǿΪܹʹ壬ǿ
һһζҩȴʽȻû˳ˡǧʱ㽥볾֮УΪƫ֮еƫšҲһΪ˱ԵĹƽѡһƫŵĵҩ
ѡⵤˣȴҲ벻һЩΪˮ׼Ƶĵҩ඼Ǿ˵ģһζ鵤Ȼƫţһ¾˹͹ͷϹԲû·Ҳü¯ҩĵġ
ˣˣΪһʲôսҲˣһһЦҲûʲôʤ֮˼һ߼ѡҩĺϣһȡ¯̫ȼ𣬾ȻҪһ¯ҩͷһơ
һʦʦڸԷ֮жҲ˵򾲾ĵΪߣĥһԪҪչ򣬶һԣҶȵλϣƺںһ㣬һڵıĿ
ȴ˵ڹ⣬һ棬һ͵͵ĽĵҲһһͭʱͭϾȻһ֮еľ
ЩҲǿ¼ĳһʦδҩģһʦʲôֶΣȵȣ¼ЩͭΨûúˡʦʦУȻһ־Բã˶ܹˡ
ȴ˵ڶ֮ͭУһͭϾһҲûжȻһ֮еһϣһ㶯ֵĺۼ
ףľôҲѵ˲ɣ
ǰôôţȻʱѵǸպô񰡣
ѵǷڼô
ܣⷨؽ֮УԪӤֵ֣ܷġ
⵽ô£ּù⣬ѵҪȥô
ȣֻܵȥһᶯ֣׼ʲôơǱǷ֣ץסİѱǸʱ򣬻׸ô
⻰༸˷׷ױʾͬһ˼һ֮ʱֿʼ¼˵ֶֻǲ֪֮Уʱʼҩһǹһ˿Цָ⻬һᣬʧ
ʱţչȥ⼸Ƕģ罫ҩƺóöˡǶһ㿴˿һڵķ䣬û˿Ҳͷ΢΢һϲΪһһʲô⣬߸ɴһЦ
ģֹգ쵽ޣЩͣڷе˲˻ûã½½ˣΨһûֵľһ
Ҳ֪ͬʱķѵľһһڶô򵥵飬ԴΪһҪƳһʱۼҪޣһûгΧ֮иУ̾Ϣֻ֮֮
̨֮ϣҲ׷ѹǺǧ΢΢һЦˮʦ֣ʱ쵽ˣǲҪľʦֶӳһʱ䰡
ˮԣ˿·Ƿ䣬ҡҡͷˣʲôʱʲôʱһ˿࣬һ˿پˡ
ǧԣͷЦЦֵӵʱѵ۳ɹȥе˶ɣ
⻰˵ȻһЩֵӶǵ˵ˣ仰æͲȥŵʱ򣬱ʵʵķŸ֨һ
һ۵һЦݴ߳һףͽｻˣƺǲרӭöСһ㡣
ǺǣлλʦܣαԵĶˣλʦСЩˣҪ㵤˵ͷأ


ڰ ƴɽ
ʲôȴû뵽һ׹Լ˴һ˿ӣæСĽסͷһһö糤̵Ķ̽Լһƿ˵ɵƷ
ߣڳˣһΪʦ˵˴󻰣겻ɲҳأúٺЦѾǼӵӵıţ˵һͷûж֣ʱȻ˶ɲһ˱Ķ£ʶҪթʵ
ʦַˣʦֻǵԼĺãùʮĻҵʱ򣬻ܲסһǺһЦû⻰˼Ե
ԣͷЦףóĶȻвҪ󣬵ʱˣٸѿ
뵽Ҳҵ˵ҴֻЦãõúܣȻľʦģǾϣóĶܹǴ۽ˡ
ȻһЦЦٲֱصԼλϣȴпʼ
Ȼ˶Ʒ뼯һֱЩûڹ涨ʱ֮ɵˣҲλУֱӳ֡ڶ֣λ֮гǺưۣΪС
ưȻˮϣҲԪӤ֣Ҳǲɨһۣзһ飬ǷƿеĵҩֵܿʮƷЩȻˣֻǲϹ淶ǲõ̫࣬͵ϡ
һƷʱֳһ˿ɫҪ̧һϷڵˮϣվû̧תһȦٴ˼Ϲ淶Ʒ֮󣬱ص̨ϡ
ʱʣƷ棬ҩʮʮ
ˮʦ֣ǾȥЩӵֶΰɣǧǺһЦ
ˮԣ˵ͷһλһͬʮǰʮʽķɽڲϺʱ˫ƣƷǺܸߣȻҫű⣬ȴʮֲá
һ·λּɽϵĽơ֮ߵ˵ҲУʮʱ򣬲żһŵƣһƷԲɽǣλǰĵ˵ͷȻȥ˼
һͬߵʮһɽƵķɽʱԪһ࣬ʮƳڽϣ⻪ڡȻֵͬĲϣֻһƷ£ȴһƷ

ˮ϶˵֣Ȼʦˮ׼˵ġ֣ҲԳЦݣһһۣͬʤĹֻһ˼ͲƺȶںȻڱĿ
ʦܣһˣæѣòŴ֮תͷ׼˵֮Ļˮϴ̽ϼʮߵƵʱҪ˵Ļʱ˻ȥ
ⲻܣþҪ֪Ҳǧ㣬һĥõĲϣ뾡ӿסÿһ˿ÿһϣܶôһﵽʮƵĶƷɽ
Ĳ˵ѾǼˡʦ֣ԪӤʦ֣ܹǿһƾѵáһɽһƣǶֻһܶƷԲʱֳˡ
һ䡮ܡһһЦǼ֮⡣һߵĳϺǧɫЩÿһñ졣
һʮߵƷɽ֣ɽĶ㲻ϡһܹʤһˡ
ڳҪʱסˣվֵλϣⷨûȻԽΪȫ˵ûߵͣλԽԽ
⻰ǧ϶˶ٿˮϣˮһжν˵ͷҲã
⻰ƼλϷֱһֳһɽעԪ㿪ʼáϡ촫һɽ𻵡νԽԽֱӣȨ
λζ֣ڳʣúһλʦ죬ڲֱͬ𿳶߰˱ɽû˿𻵵ĺۼ
ɣǧһѽӹưзɽԪ㽫ѷɽ͵һһĴ죬ȴûǰɽϵ龰ɽȻ൱
⣡ǧһΪ֮ɫˮϡ
Ǿѣˮһѽӹѷɽһ߶ԪǧϲͬԪתϸµߣû˿˷ѡɽͬƵʲ
ҿ
ˮһ˫ڲ۷壬͵ײһһ֮ɽûжѡ
жϵƫ̻ãͿһƽ֡һ˾һʤһƽ֣Ȼһ֣ȴҲռӮӶࡣ
ͷ԰Ϊϵ棬ȻܶԼʱһϸ΢ͬصˮзɽϴ


ڰİ һʤһ
ɽϵñ⽥ȥȴˮջԪԪɢɽ϶仯
һǱɽĽϾȻžһһСмǱɽֻǹ⻪ȻҲˡ
ɽȻܾ˵ľ棬ȴֳϲ֮ɫΪģΪӮˡ
Ҫ֪ɽͬǧ򻯶ΣҪǼӲǿͣβơһɽڱ϶ˣ½ͷ˿ƿڣǲϵĽֶôãķжôǿɽֻǲнֻǷŵڣֵطȥĽ
ʶһȻΪԼӮˣӮˣһһ͵ضԼͶ뵤ˣΪǵ¡뵽ʱ֮ǰԼܹ裬һҪһˬ졣
ǷǵʱԭһƬ̾ϢȺﾹȻһľˮϽԪջأɽȫָԭòһķɽǽû˿ı䣬õķɽȴһ˿˿ϸ·
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һһը죬߳ȻըһָͷСƬһء
һĻõ۾ҪôҲû뵽ԼƵķɽһķɽӲƴһŻۿʤȻ³
ǲţͷһתˮϺһĹϵΪΪһףͷʱʧȥǣҪۣһԵûֹס
һʱһͬʱһĮԼ˾ˣˮмףοڣѵһô£ٶۣ
ǺǧϵĴΪԪӤˣͿһķɽҪһû뵽þȻǵжϣҪԽԽзʽҲֻ˳ҪһֽţŪһƽֳҲá
ˮһ־ͼߵͺûͬʱҲڲİϷȻû˵ʲôĻҲöӡûҪ磬һֱӴмŭк
ñеһ㣬˫ϥһﻹվͨһٴ˻ȥȻ˿Һö󣬷ҪһСЦ
ˮȻǿмᣬ˵ˣн˰ɣ
ǧԣ˵ͷľʦֶֶθ֮߳ʦˣıľʦֶʤ
һڳʱ𻶺һԼʤˣҲֻλһʾл˻ȥ
һ򱦸͵һʤһıԾΪҪ͹ؼˡ
λⲽʮƿҩǰư̧һӣƿͬʱƿĵҩЩҩöһװҲһƿ澹Ȼʮöҩ˼ȻҪȡʤֻĵҩһѵҩɫȴԵòЩȻĲֲ˵ˡ
ˮʦ֣ɣǧ΢΢һЦ
ˮϵ˵ͷҲ˵һ֣ÿһݵҩ֮бһöһը죬ʮöҩըҩ۵ͬʱֳ
Щ֮УдСǿЩСȻǵҩ֮ҩ㣬Ҳ˵Ȼûȡʤʸ񣬱ˮһӾȥҩߴΣֻʣҩ󣬳һ⣬Ȼһˡ
Ҳû˾棬ϾƵļƷҩʦˮ׼ӽʦҲָʦĵҩó˵ҩҩ֮󣬱Ҫҩľ⣬ҩͻǿҡ
ĿȴǺư۳֣ų龹Ȼļ飬ϢаȻɼֶġҲѹΪʲôҪѡһζƫŵĵҩˡ
ͷһ֣㱻һһץС˷ֱȡһö鵤ͳ˽ȥһöҩһڣͷһţһ͵ըȻڰ׶ɫչԳǿ۵󽥽ָԭֻĿλûһöҩ
֮⣬̷˹鵤ǰȴвһȻڶ̶ʱǿʢһ֣Ȼǹ鵤á
̫ʱ䣬ִ߻һɣˮϵ˵ţҲͬⲻͬ⣬ΣԪֱӳڣֱӴö鵤ϡ
Ԫһע룬ǹ鵤ʱ飬Ũҩɢһʱ֮ͷͬһǴƬ̾ͱԭı
ʮͷ鶼⵽ʮСʱһ֮ĵöҩҩþ齥Ļָͷ黹ڲϵǴ
Ǵʮ屶ʱһͷٶͣͷ黹ǴʾڱƴҩϣȻҪǿһ


ڰľ Ľҩ
ơ鵤һͷһֱǵʮָͣԭƴҩŨ񣬶޼Ƚҩȴʤһ֣˿һȴʤˡ
ƼҶλϣõȺ¶ЦǺư۹һЦ˿ıԣʤǡ
ûȺư˵꣬һվϵ
˵ϻưɫЩҪȴһԵˮϡֻüͷ΢壬ųƣôѾˣѵ㻹ʲôô
һԴӽڣԼнаԪӤʵʱһ˿ԪӤƣͲں˹ֵӻһ鵤
ţʲô˼
ȻȴҲ֪鵤ֵҩҪǰһû̵ڶбΣաһˮϳ֣鵤ǿˣҲҪüʱ䣬ҩܼáһȻҪȥһ⻰˼ͷҩ졣
ϼ£鵤ССĽֻҪõڶ֪ĽˣһŵЦ
⻰˽һⵤĸĽɲ˵ľܸġǰµĵǧãʦܹþͲ˵Ľˡʶ⻰˶УԾ֮֮Ҳ֮
ǵ˵λϣ㲻ҲðգˮһԾͲһˡ
ȻˣҾһˣˮ̧һö鵤Ҫ֡
ưæֹȵȣˮϣͷףɲΪſڿӾ˷ˣ
ˮԶ˶٣¶һЦָһŶˣǻˣҪˣ˵ţһ̧־ͽ鵤С
ǰǷֶΣѸǴȻѸǿһʮıֱҩľûзԤ֮еıըҩͬ˴󲹣ָԭ״Եþٱ
ֳ˶ʱˡһĽ΢ʵȴ˵Ľ֮ĵҩܹͬʱöյҩһһֻ˵ʹʱһ룬Ҫһɹ壬鵤ٰ֮
Ĳ˵һĽһƳù鵤ǺʵĻʤˡǰɽ֮˵Ҫ
ã鵤ȻܺãľԸ⽫Ľĵط׳ǧ㹦ֵˮ΢΢һЦ
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һĻҲǰһ۵Ľϣ۵˿һԹĻ档
ûãмλϳ֣ЩˮϣǧưˣҲûرעһֻǼ˵룬˼䣬ԷųǷۣǳǺ«ݹ⣬ڶӾͳ֮ڵķɳ۶ȥ


ڰ ɱԪ
ĵصǺ룬ǲԪ޵֮ءطضأû֣ں֮УΪ
һǺģ뺣֮󣬵һϴǰвͬһںϺ͵ӺƺɢԱᣬΨԪӤΪʿŸǰһкͬλʱҲԵʮֹ
μĵӶǽ𵤸֣ɶٶҲǲλϰƿ磬ٶȸǿ˲١գһƬĵؽ硣ԶԶȥޱ޼ʣʱҰ޺Х֮ЩëȻζ
㻷ʮֶӣǱط˲٣ɢʿǳ֮Уǳ˵Щ˶ȡԪޣþ˵ġ
֮زԪ޲飬һԪҰޡɱ֮þ˲ǷԼʹöкܴôЩԪ˵ԼǿԪӤ֣ʶߴȻռⱦأҲųʿ
һߴܹǵԪ޵Խɢ޺ǺŽᣬάǰľ档
úǰĺЩ˷˹Ϊ׵ļȻһԪӤǰ뺣λЩԪӤּˮ϶оη˼Ȼˮϵں󣬱Ǻʢ
ƺϰΪһϼͨԱ߽Ҳ֪ԵɡԭЩ˶СһЩĳϡ֪ߴʼҲ˵ǰ֡
Ҫ֪ÿߴִ򿪷ӡؾЩط֮⣬ŵرڡͬʱõ˽ȥĥһĿľѰһԵЩСǰҪŹϵһᣬõȥײġ
˵˲ã½оڣѪϴ¥ժħԼˮ壬һ壬ǰ
;ڷվһ𣬶Ѫϴ¥ժħҲȻЩ֮£岢ûʲôһ۴ǣһʮ㣬Щڵ
룬ڳӻ档ˮϵĳͬһֻˮϳȻ⣬Ƕ˵ʲôڽ͵һԱĿȥˡ
һ飬λϾһҪؾ֮󣬲ŴһȺӳȥһ·ȥ˸˼Сɢ޻˱ܡֻһ˷ǾԪޡ
һһμԪޡֻһͷͷɫ쵣ϢǻȣǱ䣬ⰻȻɱڣ̬죬ԲͬԪ޷׷ӿ
ջΧطʱԪ޲ļˮ׼ɵӾ͵֣ҵնɱȡˣģбƴ˼
ںУƴ硢ʮɵһЩ¶ĵӸ֣׷׳֣ԼһԪնɱ¡Ҳнܳӣ㲻ѷɫһͬԪֻǻ˰ˡ
һҲ˸᳢һ£ȻûжñֶΣʮֶοҲΪ˵ãһζ̫൱ϬԸЩľԵԪޣһһͷ
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ԽԽıƥ弶޵Ԫޡʱ򣬸ҳǰҲûг֣˼ȻЩԪȻǿᣬֻбûǻۣһȺʵѵصĽ𵤸ΧȻҲֵס̶ʱʮͷԪڵ
ȻǿҲи޶ȣԪԽԽԽǿЩֵס೤ҲΪˣ໥֮˵ͷڿʼ
ЩǰʵȻͣǹֶεǿ󣬶ɢԪӤʿԱȽϡԸЩԴͬľͷԪޣһ˶Ըͷ࣬Ѱնɱ
ˮڳ֡һӣһӿ֮£糤ߣޣӶʮͷԪУ˻ÿÿһһͷԪʮʮͷԪ޾
˳ϳ֣һ·Ͼ̹ޱȣһ·ɱȥ谭һȺƵ̶ͬʱͽ˲֪ԪޣõپˡһЩҲɵȣҪոһջΪ֪滹иõĶո


ڰ ͨ
һһҹƺһһ߲·ҲøŵɽǰɽᣬûаΧһ˸âԪޣߴַӡһؾˡ
һڳøԵ˺ʮ֮󣬷׷׷ɳݹźɽɶϣһööȭͷСľ˴ӳ϶ݹ֮з׷ɳȻǧöЩһɳͳɽȥ
ÿһö˾ҿһƬ⻪ǧö˵ĻʱɽԳʲôɽһͨ쳹صӡʱһ򱻾˼һС
Ⱦ˵ҲɣǺΪ֮׳۱ǳڵһҲĸоֶ̾θʦɽ֮ͬȻǷֶͨΰ
һп֮䣬һԶȻǰɱ˵Ԫٴγ
ڼҳȵʱ룬ʱ
ߴʮСӷ׷ӦŵͷҲصľͳͨ˹ȥͨĹһ̾Ȼˮһ㣬ڼҵӣһͨͨ˽ȥʮǧӾ;˹֮С
ڳϼһӣ׷״ӹ滷ƹϼӽ䱸һЦ֮д¸Цλοɸٸĳһ˭ɱԪ࣬찡
ս廹壬ڳϻ΢ЦüЦǵȻۼһƬԪ޳ӿʱȴûһͣ׷ξͳԪ֮Уһɱ
ȴ˵һһ֮УоԼһˮСҪȫͨ˲䣬һ˿ѪζȻ˹
ʲô
Ȼɻ󣬵һ룬Ҳز׽Ƕֻоⶫûʲôвӡ֮Ҳҷ£ͨٴ
һ֮ͳһȫͬطҶһҲڰǹ⻪ڣûصǣضˮʯͷףǻҪˮʯҫۡ
о˴Ũһɵþһ񣬲ΪģΪȻ֮е֮дһɷͬѰ徻ζƺظԴ֮гȡǺġ
ףѵҲһ첻ɣ˵ޱȣǧӽ䣬Ҳһܹ˴ˣȡ֮֮ߣÿÿķ̫󣬶ΪԽԽԽ룬бߴӽʲô֮˵ˡ
һҲˮĸ󲻵ý룬һ֮£ȴ£ҲΪ⡣
Ƕɣ
һһ⻪˳ٸӰΪ׵ĳ˹⣬ȻСѾͷڡ
Ҳֹֻ÷Ը˼С֮࣬Ƿɢȥòһ˱⣬һһ˫֣Ҳò˶١ﹻ嶼УҲԻˮ㣬ŷķ˳
һ£СѾͷˮĸߡҪѰ˵طȥʱ򣬺ˮĸ֮зɳһ׹һӾͶȥˡ
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һûָС׻һ𸴲ɵһ㶣һЦ𽣹㳯һȥ
ûԶһͷԪ޳˹һͷԪһףƱ˫һޣȻҲǽᵤһȻЩȺӵЩͬƺһ鶯ζ
һͬʱҲ֣һ˻Ԫޱɱ˫ȣ֮ٶ֮쾹Ȼѷʿ֮١
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һһЦݽǰҲñֶΣֶγּ֡ʮƷϣƷɳ챦䣬ҫۡ
ֻͷԪȻ鶯ҲֻԪᣬжʲôܹʲô˲ܹԾҪնɱõˣǿԼˡһһڼһͽ֡
һ֣һ϶Լ뷨ͷԪ޸ĹȻͬ
ò˵һͷԪͬǽԪֻǿǿӣȴûԣͨҵ㣬׻飻һͷԪȴǽӣǿӲԣͨͨӾܹڱ֮⽥ϤһֶΡ
չʮУһоԷӦ˵ǰĽ࣬һ˫裬ǻймܣȻЩ·մȥһ͵ͬԪϰֶһ㡣


ڰ 
üһԭô£
һܿʶǸԸ˵ˡٺһЦһͬʱüһ౦ľʮ˲ǣ
棬ԪᾡʮסʱŴ󿪡һӡķʱСɽСһͷͳԪ˹ȥ
ֻʯͷըһͷԪͷ­ȥˡ飬Ҳò
һнһҲûʲôõģ̇һУԪɢֻԪ޲ͬͷԪɢ֮ĲǾˣˮһĶ洫ϢȴŨ˺ЩȻҲҪһ
öϧֶܴȥֻŪһЩȥҲֵ֪ʯ
һˮУҪϼ˵һ㣬һ£ʱһ΢ɲİӰȻ˳Ҫܡ
ţ
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ȻԪƣ
һʱ£ּʮֲͬĽľˮз磬ѩ׵֮ȵȣȻûһܹ䲶׽
Уͨɽ䡯䡯Сת౦ľʩչɲܳɹ
һҪʱһӰȻ˻ȻһԼֱӾͳüĴȥ˲ԺСһ̣һſⶫĴڣȻһͷСĲתһȦͳԺӡڵķȥ
һ״ĽһãȻ֪ⶫʲôӡǱԴڣⲻ֪ʲôĶⴳȥ
Ծǣǰһ޶ֶζá˵Щֶƺͬһʱˮˡ
ⶫһ̣һĸоǵûио˿˺ԭǿӡȻһ׳˼ɲһ˿
ⶫѵǴ˵бԴƬɣ
֮Ķû֪ɣȴʵʵڴڣνֻ֮˵ڤ֮Ҳǻˣǲĵط
˵ʲôǿأǾֻϹ֮ʱ塣Ǵ˵֮е޵壬ǿޣйصǷѣ֮ǡǴ己֮вġ
ɣһ֮Ϊ֮ٲꡣΪķܣԼֶΡǽȡԼ꣬Ȼһˡ
һ˵걾ԴǿҲޣƵĽȡʶദµķȡһ˿꣬괿֮ӺϣȻµ塣ȻСվ崫ȥ
ʵķţˣ׳Լ걾ԴкôֻŵʹúҲδ鷳սر񹲷ߵȵȡνҲҲ
ħԴ壬ֻǿϧԼжϾûҲΪʲôħŵʹ꣬ħħ֮ҲֻаߣǿԼ
һоһӰȻܹԼ֮УͬǿԼ꣬㲻ɵ뵽ЩϹ
ⶫȷʵԴƬС׵˳ڿ϶һĲ²⣬˵ЩƬƺĻҪһЩħųǵĴֲֶΣŵԭʼֶΡ
壬ţѵﾹȻ֮ˣһٴγһϹŵĴڣһΰڣһ붼üֲ
ˣѾɢ֮䣬ѵģҲ˼䡣˼̫ͲزҪҲֻв磬ڤЩطһֶεķ鱦
á鱦֣һǰһⶫܾˣûлԵӽҲ̽һ̽һ鱦ƬˣǴ˴鱦ڣôȥɣ򾡽ˣ鱦Ȼ֮ˡ
˵ʵѾԶͬ٭˵ý𵤺ڵʱҲȳ鱦ӢĽӲ˭Ҳࡣ뵽ԼŪһ鱦ɵͷһȡ
ҲǿңΪԼʲô֮һչ鱦ȡᡣ˼ͷתһ֪֮վǿ󲻵ã鱦ڣ֪ϸˣ˵ñһ´ȴǿ
һǶɱͷԪޣһЩ걾ԴƬõô˵


ڰ 
ⷬ˼ȡԪ޻ȡ˲û̫˼ҲʼΪ׷ԪſʶͨɨԲʮءһʱ֮䣬һͷͷԪ޵λþС
Բʮ֮ڶụ̂ٲ֣һʼͽ汾¸˳ԺɨڵʵͻȺﻹԪܹƥС̶̰ʱнͷԪϡ
֣ܿǰǲԪƬҲΪնɱʮͷԪ޾ȻûһƬֱնɱ˽ͷԪޣŷֵڶöЩʧܿȻˡ
뵱Ϲ֮ʱʹȡ걾Դȡ󶼲Ǽ򵥵ޣһΪĴڡ񴫳жϾϹŵڣҲԴ֮ľ걾ԴƬҲһģԪ޶걾Դڣ걾Դ̫˲ɡ
Ȼͨ˽ڣȡ걾ԴɱԪ޵ٶȼӿÿÿնɱһͷԪޣǾʲôںʲôҲ಻ۣˣĽ걾Դ
ڼ䣬һϵǣС׾ȻûгѼ걾ԴԵɣȴԶ֮ʱ첻·岢һܹݲֻಽϹܴ֮ﵽԶԣƬû̫ô
βһ屾ľˮ硢סáڤڤ֮ԼЩϵһеЩ걾ԴƬһҲڤ֮һЩã𵤴Բ߳һ
һɱһ·ɱȥ֮ʮ﷽ԲûһͷԪޡȻҲΪ˴Ԫûһͷ弶ˮ׼İˡˣ˿һɱֶκٶȣԪӤҲҪס
ɱʮգնɱǧԪޣռһٶ걾ԴƬЩƬ׷֮УǱͲ걾ԴѸ͵ٶȳɳһ㣬ܵļȻ걾Դ׳˰ɡֻʱԼһֱ͸г֣ƺھ޵ĵ
걾ԴƵҲ뵽ĽİɣѾоǻۻͷͨﶼǿ˼飬ǲ򾳽ͨƺͨࡣ
ýҲûʲôˡο걾ԴǿͬʱǣԪͷԼ֮䣬̽ͻƽ𵤺ڣԲһЩϢڸͻƾ粻õ˵ջˡ
ֻƬֶɷһֶҲܴ档ҲֻܾգԳڣֱԼ걾ԴٲΪֹ
һգնɱһͷ弶ԪޡͷԪʨӥͷӥ𵱳һͷԪ޻Ҫǿ١һҲֻһͷпܴƬԪްˡ
Ԫ޷ĳ˹һѪɭɭݡһֻһֽһᣬʱʮӰӣճԪһʣһҽжûзͷ͵Ԫ޾ͻԪɢһԼɼ걾Դͷ˳ſһȥˡ
һƬʱһˬĸоѵķһ泩һ̣е걾ԴҲɲһ걾ԴƬĴڡ
ͼôҲǣ⼸չҾǿһɵ걾Դֶ֮µĴڣѰֻΪӣһߣҾȻڶ̶ʱô࣬Ҳ֪ˡʱҲˣ׼һһεˡ
˵䣬һǹһ˿Цһε˲ͬ˽ˣҪնɱɵĵӡ˵Ҳ򵥣˵ҲѡҪɱˣһ˵ֻҪԪӤ¡
ѵǣһıǲΪһɱˣҪɱҪɱɱˣߣһƬռ̫㣬⼸һ·񱼶ûпˣ˵רɱˡ
ֻǶ£ʵ׼΢΢һЦּһöħ衯Уָһô촫һѪζϢƮ˳ȻһѪܵĴӰƮɢ
ߣɣҪʧĺã
һЦһ̧һĨԱһ˸µˮʯһ˿ϸ֣ǶˮʯȻͬһ㣬ֱӱпһ⻬羵ƽһתֶ̫ΣѰʦʦˣҪö˿¶Ҫʽݷٲ֮˵ˡ
һ̧ţƽ̨һĳƣͶƺڵȴʲôˣʱҲһʱһ걾Դǿı仯
ȻչȥѪ⣬ڹǺ֮ԼȻʮǿͬͬ͵Ϣ˹


ڰ 
˼֮أԪޱߴӵܡЩϢԪ޷˵Ȼߴˡ
õͷһѪ֮дһЦСӣҲ֪ʲôţȻôáѪϴŵѪɱӡôģⲻڻǱӷˡ¸¡ֻû뵽СӾȻԹԵŵӿɲһʹģ˭ˣҪԽʹԽأλְɣ
һУʮϢͬʱ˷һɱ
һ۽һǹһ˿ЦҵľǣǲŸȥ
䵭ĻЩֻһʧķ裬Ц˿ͣĳ˹ǹַꪸ籩ɽȵȸַ׷׷Ҫһһ
״һȻ壬Ķͷᡯһһ𣬽֮ϣʮͽƷ׷𣬻Ƕһ㣬ҫʮԣü˽˶ĵ
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˵һʦѵԼƵĲɣȻıѹ˼ʣҪˣ
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ʱһѪζʮĽ֮УһҾҪѽˣҶҪ
⻰Ҳ׷ױʾͬ⣬ϾãȴʺˣһʦĲƸúܶ˶ġ
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ڵصһҲ֪ʲôʱվһмĿЩˣһٽնۣ
һ䣬ͨ޽˲ֻʮӷɾ𣬳ʮâɱȥ
һĻǰһ̻ĵ˶ʱ;סˣоԼ඼˰ĵĸоʱѾǼϣݲ˺ֻһͷǹӶɱ˵ˣһ߽ʩչ
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õúܣΪҪԼңû뵽ǾȻһԴˣʡҲٹ򣡡
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˽ֲغϣһըѪϴ¥һҽУأұǽ֮С£˲ɫ˲Ұܣް
ʮһնɱһˣҴʵڵǴͷ˵Ľɫһʱ֮䣬ĸоӿͷ
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⻰һЦĿһۣᣬҳֵʱӦ˵ʱЦѾɱǵˣѵǻϷȥɸ껯񲯲ɣ
սʱҭ콣вԽԽٴοڵѼ£۲ʶ̩ɽûϳѵֶȻڵϣȴ֮ģֻҪ˭ҲҶ˵ʲôѷǣҵ㽫Ѫϴ¥ĵӾɱѾͿԷǲ˵ȥˣ
һժħȻԾƺΪŷս㾡Եͷ˵ӵֵܵҲ֪һ໥ȻҲЩ⶯ΨѪϴ¥ѡ
һҲû뵽Էô޳ܣ͸ҷ꣬ĵ˵ǹһ˿Цݣǲ»ϲסͶ״ʲôģһǸܹؿƿ


ڰ һ
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һһЦһʶˣǲʶΪҪӡǣĻΪôɱ
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һʣսҲͷЦΪӦѪɱӡǵĵǰһһնɱˡҪѯΪʲôѪɱӡǴҲ޶֤ˡ
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֮ҲҷŹ⣡ɵĽɣ
һһȺ˿壬ƲһЦ𽣾ÿһע⽣Ӱ֮Уʮ򽣹⽣ӰٶȶȻһнҲʮ
ֻÿÿǧ⽣ӰһµķʽһȻΪһǰһʮ׽ÿһһһϰĽΪнһԡ⽣Ϊô
һʱ֮䣬һ﷽ԲĽͬһ㽫ʮɾӢסЩӢȻǴŴɳͬ־ܷųơ
Ȼ֪ΣգƴѣܹѵóΪ⽣ֶΣǽһãרԶԸԪӤֵĴֶΡ
˵Դ򽣵ʼ޽򽣡ľ֮󣬽ԽݺͬԽɱڽ֮󣬲ɷɹһԴġĽɣмֳ֣еĸо
һʱ䣬ԪӤвʶԼսԪӤв࣬ԪӤ֮еĸ֣ˮɲΪĽ̫ô
ˣ˼һ꽣һֺųơһ򷨡ϹŽֶ
⡮һ򷨡ͷһһ֮óǧĽ󡣽֮ģ仯⣬ɱýһ֮䡣ɣܹնɱɱˡ
ӽϿе֪ʮǰôһһɽɡĽǵ˽洫ʢиֶֽΡĪֶΣһǺųơһ򷨡һֺųơһ򷨡
һһֶΣʹøݺ£޿ֻ֡Ȼ˽֮ȴûеõ֮£ѹСͬ׺޼ɣڽ֮£ʧһ١ʹýֶһΪϧˣҲԼáһ򷨡ֶڡ
ҲڵϹּȻûеõֶεϸȴҲ֮Ʋһ˾Ųʮ̸֮֮һΪ˶ԸԪӤ֣˼⡮һ򷨡ֶ


ڰһ ޷
⡮һ򷨡ǽ޴󷨣ҪҪﵽ޽򽣡֮󣬻ûǧУֺܷ⣬ɽ󡣶ȡɣ̡⽣ﵽٽ⾳磬ֻʮ򽣹⽣ӰǿҲţſԻ˼µʱ⣬ģȻûдﵽСɣܣȻҲǽݺµĴֶΡ
뵽ԼȻֶʩչһͷҲмֵ⡣ͬʱһ߿ƽһ߽ݡϾɱ֮ʲôֶΣǲʵսǲԲͬʱԸʮеĸ֣ٺòĻᡣ
ʱƣΧֵͬʱǲϱ仯ԭɴֻʮС󣬵˺ȻݳʮС󷨣ȻһĽޣֻǽظʱǰҲɣԭ˶ʱѹô
ʵʱĽҲɱˡһȴ֣ͬè׽һ㣬ĥԼֶΣһԵã˿ɾͲˡ
˻ΪܹһնɱýȻԾȴƾ辭ΪĴֶΣȻǿɾãԼͬѡ׵ķҪĥһԪնɱɹ
֪һһ˵ԪҪֵǰˣۣԪӤҲʶʱţѾһǵ˿û̵ΪݣԵȡּȴ֪Ǻˡ
֮ˣʿãǴŴɣ϶෨Ȼǽâ˻Իһȴûʲô˺ǼɾͲˣƽǱǿᣬһС˸ںƾһɺ£ܹսʤͬ塣
ȴһ涷ֻչΧκ£ͣϬޱȣȴֱȷѲֶΡҲѲãɱҲɱˡСۻɴƣνˣԵǱѡ
ڣһݳʮһʱһѪڵĥˣҲܲ˵ŭһ͵Ǵֳ屾壬Ȼһͷɳ̵㣬ҡͷԾͳײ˹ȥ
仯屾֮󣬹ȻһʵƤ⣬ȻܹӲסֻĽ⽣Ӱײϣ㽫һһβѣԳЩҡҡ׹
ұ仯壬󣬻ɱŰ
ͷһҲ׷׶ͬʱûһչʮɵĻӥɵĻǣСݴСǵĺꡭЩűǿײȥǵСײһΣ⽣Щ
ߣ޴ΪƾܹϹŽһ򷨡Ҳֵ̫Ǯˣ
һͷЦϷһָһ㣬ʮΧĽ˲ġ⽣֮Уʱ㽣תĸӳ˼֡
¸£СӲˣϰ
һͷһһٶȼĺڹ⣬ͳһڵķ˹ȥһ״ҲӲƴһʱһ俪ȥ
ͷΪһʾ໴вѣҪ׷ȴѣٽǷųҺɱţ
˵ժħսԣ໥˿󷢳ЦһӥüЦɱˣԼ͹ˣЩҲãɱٿ飬Ǹ˾ͷǳɣ¸£
Ҳ׷׿ڼɴһժħѪϴ¥˾ɱˣɱһܹõôһʱúü帴飬ȴҲڽ֮еɫѿѡ
ģЩȻҵ⣬õúܣȻˣҵɱﵾں棬˱ڣڳ֣ǾÿǵѪ롭ժħսԳɫһߵֵһͷ
ȴ˵Щ嶼ǼӣһôãοưոݡٲժħѪϴ¥ӣŭű㳯һ˹ȥ
֮УǺͻӥٶ죬ԦħֶΣһƤëмİȻɱˣڰУڹ⣬ԶѰɽӥǷޣ˫ݷ磬ٶȾס
һһݹ⣬ƣȻҪһסȻһΧɱڽ֮еӡ


ڰ ɱ
һ˼һ㿴һȺ뷨ͷЦѣȴҲ˵ʲôֻǽһٶȶȻһֱӴǡӥķ˳ȥ
ҽ뽣ںϰɣ
룬дʣϷ󶯣һ罣ַ׷ķɳע콣֮Сһг𣬼̶ǵڶ콣⾡֮
֮оϢԭޱȵļͷ޲ɵöһ٣ͷԵĳ濴˿ǾʲôһͷһתͨԵɣǹһ˿Ц
Ҫ֪໯Ҫ٣統Сף֮ʱҪһһ硣壬ѡλΣΪ˼Ͷܻ١ɼٶޱȵĿơ
뵱һ𵤴ɣ׽٣ҲǧѶȹҲˣӡ˲٣ȻﲻĪǰͶָۣ֮֮ͬ뽣֮ȴҲС
תĽ֮ӳ֮УϢмٽ٣ɱһеζڳʱһ
ôܹ̫֮˼ˣǷһ׵ҲҪ弶ʵܹ˺һô֮һͷ޺
֮ǽܹյģѵǽ𵤸֣ԪӤֲɣһͷӴĺ޲ɵЩ
ܣԪӤΪԲܽؾֱӱؾѹģһʲôܹܹյģٳֽնɱҹζ࣡
ãɱ
ͷ֮гͷ޲֪ٶȱ̫Щӣ˺֮⣬޷׷׵ת򣬱㳯һ˹ȥЩޣԼ֮乹һƣȻǽһˡ
һһЦһϢѸپۼܿ͵۷壬Ͻ⣬֮ϢΪһɣϢһ˲·ͳһƬصףûʲôܹսϡ
֪Ķ⽣󣬽ɱﲻƣ
ֽһԭͬˮأҶ쳹֮һ̺϶ΪһΪһУһ³֡ʮһ޶Ǳģȫ⽣С棬ÿһ󶼻һν⣬֮һͷնɱȥ
һΣǵǻӥһܵҲýɱֻΪһƣǰĽǿҲԼֿڽӴһ˲䣬ŷԼˣǴش
ֻһνӥײһ𡣶֮ûʲôըҲûӲǵνڴ˲䣬ɢڻӥԾ׷׵ɲǣɽĽһ״Ĺ켣ϲÿһΣʹһƬӲë
һʱ䣬ëߣһֵķ֣ԼƤҲʼ䣬ǽ⣬չʮɵȻСһҽлûڵ˲䣬һӰǰײ˸ֻһۣû֪ˡ
ãõúܣ
һһöԲһƳһûӥǹһ˿Цݣٿ˿ޡֿͬһ㣬úЩԭǶʱһ˿ĸо
ֵˣ
һһЦָźһȺޣƽ֮ȴ͸塣
һϣɱһͷлķ޼ͬ¾ʱԣҲܷ࣬þͳ漸ͷ޼״Ҳ֪ʱƴܻҲҰһȥ
һһҲ˵һӣʮʱתͬһ㣬ÿһͷޣΧɱȥΪˣһҲţһ뽣֮УѰᣬǳӱһ
α׼ȴҲֵסһĽĽԼ޼᲻ݵǽÿÿһγ֣Ҫ߰ʮԭ߰ͷޱʣǿͷֻǿͷƤмܽʱǱҲǼ⡣
һˮĸܹո壬ϼѵҲԸո
ȴִ֪һ޿Ĵڣбӡڲ֮Уһ⣬пҵԼʱǵòʧʶֻܺɱɱǡ
ۼͷ޻᧿ΣһҪʩչֶΣնɱʱ򣬺һԱ߽֮даûʴһϤĸоʱתͷȥ


ڰ ժħ
תͷȥŷ֣ϢȻΧժħǼӵĽ֮СǱÿһ˿ÿһӲĿĽ󣬴ʱȴԵù⻪ʢ
ƺмֵǻˮǳ֮ĸоժħժǶѵǳ֮йزɣ
һȻɻȴţĿʣµͷһۣ͵һߵһӽɷ֮עǽС潣ͷ塣
ҪɱңԸϷǺ޷ǿֶں棬ŹӲдôãһһ֮оҲ㲻ȥھҪϷ
ˣȻûڣѪĩͶһͷ˵Ѫķƴڳ򣬵ٶҲһһߣҲ׷ϡ
ԣҲ䣬㵲ס㽫ħŵӷųһлᣡһڹͳͷĺɫǣٶȼ죬ּΪƻӥһ֮㲻ӲʱȻΪǱȴѵõıдʵ
⻰ǴһȻһԽȥǺǰ׼Ͷһɱڣûз²˼ҲòһźɫҪסһ
ݺЦ
һԷƶͷȴҲⲢתɴʮͷɱȥʮҲٷֻǺ϶Ϊһһ󣬽ͷͬʱΧס˲Ϣֺ֮ϱ仯ݺ֮䣬ɱյء
Ҳ֪⻹ģһ˲ȻǴ©˳ȥժħӵĽȥ
ͷٴȼϣܿǾ˼Ǽƻɹˣǻûħŵӳǰ׷ѹˡ
׷£ͷ޽չܡעһӲޱȵĹϣͬһƽɱĽ⾡ס
ٶȣǶӲյ˹Լֵ˲ٹһ㣬ǹҲǷŭѣٶ̫ͶҲֻ˵Ѷơ
һ㣬һܴƽ󣬽ħŵӷųˣ
ڶͬʱҲ˹עǷ񣬼ԶǽԽϡͷϲѡֻһ촫ڱƣ˿ֳľ
ֻǽ֮гɺɫĹ⻪һƺرԴϢǴӭˮ͵ͷһӴȻѸٵѪɺ⻪֮ȥˡ
ôܣ͹ͬʱޱȵĿһĻҳ֣ɲһ
һ״һЦһҽһ޼һ˲䣬֣Ȼ⽣Ӱһɵĳ谭ĴĺǣضͬʱָպôǶڹһĺɫ
ͷͬʱһ̴жǾţڴ˲ȫȴʵˡ
ǴĿģĿ˰ɣ
һǹЦǰǹŹ֮̽ժħӵֶΣû뵽ȻΣžɱʣµͷޣҹζࡣ
ճһ𣬱Ǳ⽣ӰɵĳͬˮһֱͷڣƬ֮󣬱ͷԿɼٶСȻֻʣһЩӲĿϵĹʣԼˡ
һͷ޽֮ɺ⻪ҲȻһһƺںӦʲôƾȻѸ⣬ƽ𵤺ڣڲϵؽӽԪӤˮ׼գƻԪӤ֮ͣûͻԪӤˮ׼
ʱһԴɺ⻪֮деóȻȻժħʼѪ׼ħɾħ棬
ЦУ⻹мͬʱ飬¶еħŵѪϴ¥ӼɫЩѿժħĵ˫ԳϲͿȵɣƺһ㡣
׼ɣ
Դ˻ƵٴδɺѪ֮дѪͬһ㣬ϸ緢˿Ĵ˷
ЩȹľȻһԵļħŵӡûзֱһ㣬Ѫϴ¥ժħԲȥ
Ѫϴ¥ӱͶԴΪɵһ֣Ѹ˿ӵһժħ뵽ԼͬŻ˺֣һʱ㱻ָϣ䣬ڲƺûдڹһ㡣
Щ֣һüͷ΢壬һһӳޱȵĽɱȥһӴŸоԷ
ͬ£һս޲ʤ޲˵Ľɷ֮һξȻ˶֣Զ津ϵȻֻ֣ȡơ


ڰ 
˵Դһ޳𵤣ɾͽɷӣýɷ֮֮յڱѾԽͬΪģͬҲһ˶һȺ˵Եڡ
С;ĥʹ۵ûоʹΪ֮ͬ޵֣Ӵ֮޵С
Ϊ֪ܹĻһЩ˵ġͬ˽ɷ֮˾ͽˣͨ˪˪ѩѪħ֮ӵѪɷ֮ѪӣӢĽ֮ףܹƿ֮Ī
ӢĽӢ⣬Сͨű䡯ںϡˮסڤԪõҲºУҲ˵档
˵Ȼô֣ͬôԲͬȴͬǿ֪ǣЩûһǾɵܳӣС׸ǵͬϹѪǱ޳ɵĴڡ
Щ˵̨ǺȻҲйģժħҲλһ˴֮λʵʵ˵ȴɲ˺ôһأֲժħսȻҲţҲƫƧĵطһͷõħȥֻԽ֮ܳˡ
ʶһȻЩֶΣȴҲû뵽ԷȻӵƥԼ
һļᶨԪӤʿҲ˿ӣȻ³ԼĲ²⣬ȴҲֻԳԾһ£㶨˼ͷϷƲֿܵ
ȴ˵֮еĽ޷նϴ֣ЩҲ޷ƽķ߱㵱ս
һͬѪϴ¥ûֶΣѪ˿ֻ֣ܲϱӡֻǱڽ֮УӵĹлҪķãһҪС콣⽫նɱһҪСⴥֽɵʬ޴档
ʱǲķ֣ǰڽֻĽ֮󣬾ȻҪܵУ֪ڽ֮У±նɱҲһȫʬĺá˾ݲãͺľޣ෬Ҳ
Ȼʮ֮󣬱ȺҽСеһ⴩أеڶѪ˿ֲϣûˡһ֮УֻʣһһƬѪ⡣
ײеֶΣֻǲĿҲˣ
һֽһؽ任⡢Ӱ˿ݺύСơϢһʱ֮һĸоʱģеһƬϵϢ
ڵĽɺ⻪֮оȻмǶ֮ζƻڲȴ͵һָһ˴Сֳһǰժħս
ֻʱϲѪ·֣ͬʲô켣һ˫۾ͫ綾ߣͬʱϢԶȻмԶħٵơ
üҲҲǶ㣬ɱôˣħ棬ܹѹڴ˼ģժħħ澫ħ澫ӳɱΪлˣ
һԽͨϸԷϸһȻֶߣԭʲôУһӳֵ뵱ˮӳǶ֮Щƣֻӻӣ壬ɱ¾֮⡣
˵ˮķµػһר˾ɱ¾˵˵еħǡ
һ˼һ˵ʲôħ澫ӳֵνħһĴڡＸʲôꡣš꣬ƬѵѵʲôܣǣϹŵ˼ħͷйô
սһɻΪǱԼŵ¶Ц£ҽװɣǱħϻܣǾժħʲô󣬾ڣѪϴЩ˼ɶͬժħԾ֮⡣
֮⣡һͷȻڲ룬ʵҲɵһҲ˵ʲôŴ˵ȥ
սһ𻰣ΪסһЦŵ˰ɣֲĻں棬Ҹ㣬ǷǵԾ֮⣬ʮǰǺ֮еħһƬصġʱħϯ£޿ƥС˼ʲôŶ¾ɾʲô壬񣬶ɽٸ֣䣬綼ħ֮²ժħħǹ˧ɶǣʱˮĸȻǿѹΪ˼䡣ŮҲֵסħܣƴ˷ħնɱѹҲˣˮĸֻˮĸ֪ħħ֮𡣸һ֧Ҫʮٽʱ򣬳´ңʹħժħͿԹħ£ٴϯ¡Щ˶𣬲㲻õģҽ
˵սֹЦ


ڰ ־
˿Ҫ˵Ļһ֪ʮٵ飬ֵˮĸˮĸȻжڵٵû̫еֻ֪ƬҲ²Щ
ʮ٣ˮĸȻܽħɸնɱħ澹Ȼǲ֮ٴٵ¸ħɸ֣ϵ²ƥеĴڰ
һ⻰ӡ֤˵Ĳ²ͬʱ֪ʮǰħɼ־ȻḴ˴Ȼˮĸӡħĵط
һ뵽ħɸͨ쳹صֶΣһͷûľķңף־壬ǣţ׷ǱԲ龹һ㳾Ӱ쵽Ľ̶Գһ˿ɬ
սûмȱ仯ֻǲܲ˵ظħΰħŵΰҵμ̤£ɨ״ֻǲʱģһ˿â֮ͫǽթ͵üƵζ
սϵ˵ţһͷԽԽңԭɵ˫۽ʧȥâͬʧһ㣬⸡ĽҲԵɬȻͣڿУҲ
ʱੲݵսͣ½һЦǹһ˿аЦݣһ֮ȻǿҲǿҼӳħ澫һ֮վϣǱ㣬պħع飬ǿţҲֻܳΪħ֮еһ꣬ʱܣǲޱߵ
ԭһоȻԤıˣˡһ߽֮һ־Ҫսʤ˵䣬Ҳ沽һ߹ÿһ̤һƬɺѪ⣬ҽа֮ߵһǰʮԶͣ½Ų˫һĨ㻯Ѫɫ־ͳһն
ƿգ𽣹ѪӰͷն£һҪ׽µǸ˲䣬ԭʹͷ­Ȼ͵̧ͷʧҲǰ
ߣҲ죬һ־¾ҪȡħҼնɣħɱħҪɱңҲɣ
һ䣬һ½һζʱʧԭأٴγѾǰ֮⣬ԭյѾʮתĽ⡣
һ򷨣򷨹һ򽣹һ
һصĽӿȵĽ˲䶼ɢн⻯𣬷׷׳ʮзѸٵС
һȻͷתսȻЩʧȴɥ¶һ˿׺ᣬŭǴȥɣҲУѪɫһȻɳ̣ͬһ㣬һȥ
һ״Ȼ壬̧һ˽ʮͬʱ׳
ÿһڻӰĽⶼ׷׻ûӰÿһ˲䶼»һʱĽǰСȴǡһ򷨡УֶΡ
ʮؽصβӣʮѪɫ֮ǰֽУһֻһ죬ڵѪɫޣƬɢ
ս޹սͷ죬ŭһ趯̤Ѫ⣬ٻûѪɫպƳһɱ˹
һһЦһúá̧һ㣬ʮؽͬ⻷תһ֣һ⣬Сʮɢ佣֮ϣɷӳǵЦݣ˽һӭͷɱȥ
һƬˮ֮䣬ɷɺѪɫǺһɷף⻪֮Уÿϰٴε⽣Ӱײɷɱɢȥ
Ϣ֮ˮն飬ʮʱ䣬һƬõˮرĿ꣬ûһˮżһͷԪ޷ɽս󶼴ֱӱ¡һ֮󣬶ͬʱ˰ɲͣŶƣ˾Ȼǲʤ
һǹЦȻǷƵսѪ⣬ŭѣȻǷŭҴʱǽƻĹâɢ֮ľײУ֮ɫ
һϲȴǰսʩչйء
ǰսʩչ֮Ūòʧնɱͷָ˳ͷ谭ľԲڣɱ¾ħĻӼᶨɵľġȻ˵ռ˱ˣоȴǲΪ˵Ҳ
ΪģֻΪɷϴ󷨣Ϊ֮񣬵֮ᶨ֮ǿ˵û£߻ħ
ǵĺħʩչ֮Щȴһ߻ħǾԳϡͷ֮ѳǻҺѾ׵ˡ
һУսǡһȴͬΪһ߻ħ֮иоͬһ־һִȴֻޱȵģ־


ڰ 鱦
νһҧʮ¾һҲ⣬ʶ־֮Сʶսʱ򣬲ʹȫһΪ˷κҲҪֳźҳԷʵ
һ֣һѾս˵ʵ˸˾ŲʮΪνħ澫ꡯļӳ֣ܹ˵ѾĽɷ֮ԪȽϣǳڵﵽѰԪӤˮ׼ˡ
ǶԸѰ𵤸֣ǾŸֵԸľȻռˣɨ޼ɡֻԸһͬģһĴڡ
һǽɷ֮ԪÿһֶԼĥնǾǧĥ֮УҵӦֶȫӳ
ͬŸֵһǰĵ֣սǸëͷСӡǶȫƴһȫģܹʮ֮ڣԷˣһϢڣԷնڽ¡
űȷ־ε뷨Ͷնɱ¡ʱսԳ֮ɫϢҲ仯һͷ֪ԼֶκͼƲѾЧˣǷ־Ȼܲ˱ȣҪԳˡ
Ϣ²һ־᲻Ǳˮĸѹħɸֵģתһ룬ħɸ˴ڣ˵һ־һͷܽԼ飬òʲôֶΡ
ϸֱһһ־Ȼǿȴǿ󲻵ˮ׼Ȼ鶯ȴһ˿̰壬ƺ飬ǺĶĶ棬һֶܾ
Ǿ飬Ҳһ顣ΪѰȻҲ飬̫Ͳ뿪ڡֻһֶ飬ſ뷨ڣǾǴ˵ǿ鱦
һ뵽鱦飬뵽鱦ϵƬĴڣһͷһȣȻо飬ҲǷ鱦飬һҲΣһ鱦һҲ㹻ˡ
ʱƣǼսڵķ־ԽԽǿʢս˸·˫۵ͫѾչۿÿһκÿһδϢͳĺУƺҰޣҪζʳһ㡣
ߣֿԣôýõģ
һһЦ֪սѾˣΪ־ͱǷ־Ѿˡһ־һ鱦飬ǴʱսһεĲ鱦
ɱɱɱ
սеͺţ˷֮⣬һɱ壬ײУɱ¾ԽԽǿʢһķֱţζһȴʮֲãΪöԷǿʢȥ¾ҪԼѹƷΧʱС׳ҲͰˣǶֶԸˣһ͵ʴ׵ľԼˡ
Ҫʣ˲䣬һޱȵĽһˮɫ߳͵һ㽫ǹ飬һʣ˲ɢ
ֻɺ֮һһͬʱʧƺûгֹΨǼսǿѪ˵ڹ
ʲôʲôֶΣ鱦ǽƣ󷨣ҾȻһһˮɫ类ԿһˮĸĺۼȻˮĸֶΣǵһܹ̳ģһ˳֣һɣ֮ɰ
Ȼ˵նħ߱ɵĻʱֶΣһĵﾪ̾ѡǿ⾪ޱȵһһնɺϣնƿϣֻƾոһЩͨ͸½ϣһĽ˵þ롮޽򽣡ľȥˡ
һҪζʱһͬ˵Ұ˻һԴǱ־˵սʱֱֶӽضϹƶȻ㽵ͣʱҲ޽ӽԪӤϢǿһҪʰ·硣
ɱ
սһŭĿ˸߿һۣٳһһŭ˫һÿһָֻ϶ԳһѪɫȻԽΪצΪҰһĴ
ǰսıϣԼһѾ²һ־ȻǱ˼ơ㲡ҪһԴ˵±׼ԷλŹᡣ
ʱռʱһҲ֣˫ָǰһϣһ󶣵콣⽣׷׺£ΪһУǽı壬϶ʮ˵ͽƽӦȻǷһɱ¾ǽٴδһʽΪƷԲҲһ̨ס


ڰ 
һȻһǻһսսأնħ߱ɵĳ

սҲ̼ܵ૲ѣ֮ɫͬһĽɢ
һûЩͬһĸоЩ񡮴ɱ¾ûСɱ¾ǰ㴿ɱ¾ִĸоȴķ񣬱壬̣ǸַΪһϢ
ȻһħŵĽ鱦ãܺãҪҵǽһȷ¶һ˿Ц
ɱ
Ҳһ˼ŭⲪɬĽкţ˫צһץϯһѪϪɰٴƵĳӿȥƬ̣ս˶һƬʵɺ֮СͬһδСľʯԭء
ǡǡž
һĦһξʯ͵һȻܲսˣһķʽһ͵ľʯʯ֮ԼԼһףս
÷飬ˣͬһҾͰ˰ɣ
ɷֶΣһҲЩȥˣһݽ𣬽ֺϣʮУƣĽҲһ֮ȫ߶
ɱ
ν֮дһŭҲ𣬻һɺӭһĽײȥ
գۼ䣬߱ײһһûʽһ⣬ǽ棬ڽײһһ֮гǧεײĻһƬ·һҫķ
ս֮УһִĽнӰ֮Уƹһ塣뷢㵹ƣ޿ƥУսۣܲ͸磬ˮò
֮ȣνƺѪħܲʲôˣʲôϷ·磬ֻһ׷񵽼£ײеµĽʩչĿھɱ˱Ѫ
öԷײзһϲ˵ǰһƽֶεĽ˽֮ԶײеĽ˽һ档νﲻа֮Ϊ֮аΪа
аһǣ˵ӴҲײǿɾõֻڣаβܹҵԼĽڣս裬ĸ߷塣
ִţڣɽһħֶΣǰɴ˿֪аΣħͨҪԡ
ħǱħŽ鱦ƣͨٴⲻħŽ𡮴ɱ¾ɱ¾ħζħ֮еħ
һһգһϢƳǵûаΪѵôֵܹĸֶսԽȥԽе˳֣ħֶûĽ໥ӡ֤ǳ
оԼĽһͷǻϲѡ񣬿ԸħһֱȥֱħİԼĽһӴľء
ԸΥħȻǲ飬ǻЩͨʱҲһǵûģԽսԽµΪħ۳µʱԵĶϵѵõĸ֣˴һôһ𵤵ӣȻսòɿΪ鱦
޺޺޺
һһײ俪ȥν֮пʼֵĺԽԽԽԽһмħһζһ˿ͷ
뵽ǰ߻ħ龰һһá˼һת䡯̫ƪͬʱ̨֮У֮УֽħĵͨͬʱתͷǷҵͷ㱻ѹȥһָԲγް߻ħĺۼ
һһеͬʱħҲֱ仯ħ֮Ƥ˺ѣĥǲδһһȻѰСһһȻٴС߳̽ͨɺѪɫҲ۵Գ
һ̽һЩ죬ϸȥǽԳȻִн֣ͨϹħѪ顮޺֡
ѵǣ
һʲôԳԾ֮ɫһ֣Ķ֣֮̽Ⱥõ⽣ʱɾͽ𵤵ʱнԼû⽣ʶһ֮
һȻһڽоŷƣȱٵֻΪ鱦ϢԼӡ޺֡
ٴζԱߵĲ֮һϲ鱦ѿǶڣѵ⾹Ȼ鱦ǲɣ


ڰ ˳
ν鱦֮ǽΪһ壬ΪĶڡľ飬ǡ
Ϊǧ鱦ǣȴҲѵõĺöƣʶҪѰࡣʶһ鱦Ƭ֣Ҫ˷˵𵤸֣ԪӤ֣Ҫֶ֣
ʱһ̽Ȼпܾ鱦ǣβϲֻ̽Ҳ̫ףһĺڵħͷǰһȻڽڵɵЩ
оԽǶĶ̽һʱɻ׵һߣȫ񣬽˼ΨΨҵ⾳֮СϢҲҡֱϣ̽γɸʤľ档
֮󣬶̽Ϣڴﵽ߷壬һƿ˻̽һߺڹ⣬ֱֱ˲Ϣ֮üλãٶ֮죬һҲԾѣʽ֮ȻҪһ
һ˼ţϲޱҲŭֻһúáһˣһתûʮ꽣ÿһ꽣Ϣ죬ϸȥȻһǧ򽣹⽣Ӱн˵һͱȵǧ򽣵
ѰԪӤһ¶Ҫѡ˱ܡ̽鱦ƥָֻȡһʶ㲻ȻӲƿ뽣Ŀֱָһüġ
һʱһȻ̽ȴû뵽Ϭ֮ǿԼе꽣ϵĺۼǽԽۣ˲ֹ
ֻҲ£Ϊһ֮䣬ҵ˶̽ڡǷ鱦жôǿԣôƾõǻۣѲı塣
ĴڱҪ˵ϲܹ˿̣Ȼ޺齫սȫ֮ȻõǣҲʧȥԴԴϵĲ䣬һ涼ֳһ˿
ǳˣͲһ˿һͬʶͬ٭ʮзͨͨͨһ˿֮ܽȷļղһķ޺֮һ
ֻҪģҾͲ£
һ¶üƵЦݣȻתƣٲ֮ӲƴһһѸٷ˶ȥһҪܣ޺ϷŹХһҲһߺڹ⳯һ׷ȥ
һʩչǡ⽣ݡٶȳ£޺鱦֮ʣ֮Ҳѵáһ׷һӲ֣šڳֻܿһһߣಡһǰȻʧǰ
ûгԹȫݣ˴ƺޱ޼ʣȻɷںһҲûаѹڼٷɶ֮Уһ߲ǰáһȼʶ˽ֶΣּʶħŽľ裬ԼЩľԱȣֻǳ
ȻΪûߣ򣬽ȴͬ˻һ㣬ϴܣǴ˿ʩչһ򷨵ֶΣҪٶ仯һˡ
һֳ˼򽣵ֻһͷƽݣⷽؿν޿һ·ֱߡһֱҹоʱһ䣬½ͷع飬鿴
ҹ޺Ҳ׼һžһ·ʱһһ̽ԷϢʱϲͷȻ룬޺ûս֧֣ͬԴ֮ˮ
ҹʱѾҵϢټһٶ˥ߣһ׷ôãǱ˵ķâҲɢ˲١
뵽Լող˲ٽأһЩȲͷһת±㶨ơֻǵɫ͵⣬һը죬ԽΪģɢ˷ȥ
޺Ҳû뵽Ҳܿߣһ󾢷磬ֱ˱ըģ̳ɨȴһĴڡ
޺ҲûԵڵܿǲ˲ԣһҪ俪ȥ
վֻǷǿҲˣҽվͽãһ鱦Ϊãɣһ򷨣ᣡ
һӰӸ߿ֳһ䣬ǰǱɢ߷׷һŤתһ⣬һʮӰǵأʮС޺Χסγײ岻ȥ
ɱɱɱ
޺֪мƣʱѪɫ⣬ŨһӰ˲˶ʮ󣬲Ҫƿѳ
һƣѣһ콣⽣ӰȻһתһ˿ζȻ֮ǰĽһЩƣָһ
ʱ⣬һĥһ˿⽣ӽǾߵһһЩҪ޺һԸ¡


ڰ 
޺ǽ鱦ڽĸıвоԼٲѣоһ֮оȻ뽣һǶǵĸоһ뵽ôĶײбҲɵһ㶡
ֹУɻľǷģ˵޺࣬û֮һ˵һȴô࣬һĻᣬֶ̽η
콣⣬޺ȥͬһ籩޺Ƿ籩ָۡʱ⽣ӰѾЯޱȵĽ⽣ɱȥ
޺Ǳ֮鱦ֻƴʹ򣬾ûӱܣ콣⣬Ҳ˿壬Хһӭͷϡ
ֻһƬؼ䣬Ϸ쫷Ӱ·ǰ֮͸Ѫɫ޺͵ײһ𣬱⽣Ӱ޺Ľ֮£׷۶ϣ飬ǹ⣬Ʈɢ޺ϱ׹ңȴҲ˼֣ԭ߳ɵҲȻ½ɣɼһƺһ
ƿн֮޺ͬˮĽХʱһߴţȥɣ
һ䣬һ׹Ӹֱֱ׹Ҽ޺ȥδʱ̣Ѹײڶ֮٣ֱӴ޺޺档
һ죬׹ӹ䵽ֳһֽԭĽȻֻһӣ˵޺ֶΣ֮ɷ֮ԼһнֶΪһһﵡ
һʩչһҲЩĸоֻԪۺԹĵ𵤣ٴγԪͽɷ֮»ָȫʢ
һȣ޺Ƕһ㣬ȫޣڰաϸȥϣ޺룬ȻһСƿڡ
һΪɲСƿΪģһ˿˿ϸСͬ֩˿һ㣬ʼ޺ӿ
žણ
Ʒֱ޺ͨһ죬ǿά̬޺Ȼ۶ϣڣͬʱһǺ˺ѷε˻д
һӷħκûзĽ𵤸߻ħԪӤֶʱʧǡһȴ׼ɷԶ쳹ߣħĵͨٴתľ̩ɽû˿ܵӰ졣
ʮħﵽߵʱһɫӰ޺֮зɳ˿ͣ٣Ҫߡ˵ⶫǱսħ澫꣬ڣ󷴱Ƶ޺顣
һһΪժӵʱοʹߣһȵӣ
ֻһƾֳָͷС˸ŵӣЩ໥õ⹴ȻһĴڡ
֮òõֶΣʹãνӰȥ٣ϢȴǺʲʧȥ飬ʱͬëĹ鱦֮ʣȴûмȻζȥ
һһЦݽ֮У谭ܿԱߡ
ν˼ۺ졯ɫһʱ˻
׼һԸħȴ˿壬һֽ̽ǽӳȥֱնϡǽ谭ľͽһΪһ̣ںһΣٳ֣ǽһ棬նǧΣһ̣Ȼٴλָ
һ뷨뽫飬ֿͬһ㣬һɹԼͿԽ֮һ֮̽У˾ͿԻһ鱦ķֻȴǳ
鱦ȻǷͬѰĴڣҲǲѰ飬ն飬ɥʧ룬龹Ȼ˿䣬ѵлʲôŹֲɣ
һ벻ͨԵɣǰҪνһո˼һҵһǰ취İ취
ȡһΪ޺ǵĶ̽ǰ˻ΡȻͬȵèһ㣬֮ƣ˹ȥˡ
һ϶̽ݣɻһָüģһ౦ľɫҺû֮̽Сһ֮һǻЩģһҲͶС
ʱŷ˿飬ֽ̧׼һֶεĶ̽˹ȥ
ö̽ɹﻹƬ̵ȴ롣һ̽ʱһ㣬ͬʱҫ۵ѪâԳ޺
һ̶̽ͬʣâڡһȻֱһ


ڰ Ļ
һҲ֮Ӳһţμˣͬʱ˫ָ󷨾дʣһʱʱ
һԶǰ޺Ȼ͵һֻͣڵıֳĽǡ౦ľͨġ
ȻΪһķΪͣڳڣʹڶܹͨɱ䣬Щ꣬Ʒͬʱ౦ľҲѸٵݻΪ֮ͨǿһر仯̺
һΪõͻƣһ౦ľͨȻѸٱ仯һǿޱȵֶΡ⡮౦ľ롮򽻵ǿֶΣոһʱһѡ
౦ľĲѸٽ޺Ȼס޺Ҳ鱦ڣԶѰȻƣˡ౦ľֶҲϽòܻɱһɴһХҪתȥ
һοѼӷˡơ౦ľ£æһֶΣǡСתͨ
ֻļ޺Գһת֣͵һתһӰ׷׳֣һ޺ļԵƳ򵥶ңֻĽ⽣Ӱʲôûˡ
һǷܹ˽һ鱦ʶЩӰ񲻽ЩʧֻСתͨԸΪ޺ҲЧתַתʱ޺ͣɶݲá
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һ̧һУǱ౦ľСת˫ؿƵ޺ȻԹԵĳ˹ǵЦ֮Уſڱ㽫޺룬뵤ֱӵֱ֮ӽ֮ѹˡ
һȻʱס޺˵ո΢ʹöܣֶĶ࣬ʱգվܹ֮Ҽ㲻ܹҲĥǽԣΪպɾ鱦»Ҳǲ÷
ո֮һΧɱڸһ䡣һž˼һԵɡзһ֮󣬶ɱԼҲЩ²⡣ٷһһȺɱֵĲ֮󣬹ȻһѪϴ¥ӵĴ֮ҵһöĴѶ
һ֮УгԭѪϴ¥ӵϢ⣬һ˿ϤϢһǹһ˿Цû뵽ں涯ֽţһ̫ʴˣȻˣҾóᶯ֣պ鷳
˵䣬Ԫ֮Уʱһ㳯ʷȥһһ龧ʯֻһΣ˼ȫţϢȫǲϸȥֻʶֻ̽һʯͷˡ
֮ݹһǰһ١ǱƬؽǽһͣ¶ݹ⣬ֳöˡ
ɫЩţÿֲȻԲΪƽأɱһʦʦΣôỨôοܹﵽˣߴĵӰѵѵ˴ʲôʲɣ
ҲЩȻʲôɫһ䣬һֻǸǮƣְˣҲʲôֶΣħȻԴ²ֻѪϴ¥֣ժħҲˡǶѪҪեһжһζȻǴѪŸ
ԣͷʾ̶ͬˣѪϴ¥ȻųϢô档
Цһߣ˵ڼƽôթңֻǳ棬ǺƼҳթöˣǿҺƼҪ
ڶ˵ȴթʱһϿմλʦַģû˻թˣ
š̶˸ûв˽ӽ⻰ոڿգһɫɽηĳͷ
˲䣬ͬʱоһɽͷѹͷȻֱѹǶ˶ǽ𵤺ڣѾ˸״ſڵˡ
˭͵Ϯҹ
Ƣ꣬ŭһһĶͷſܳҡϣԴչȥ
һִ̣һʦֻ𱬣̫Ƣ⣬ûʲôˣ
⻰ŭöʱо͸һ˫۾ɲ˳߽е㣬ôܣôܻţѪϴ¥ժħѵûгɱô
Ϊ˳ȣѾһ˼һתһüͷѵѵ㽫Ƕ˲ɣ
ҲعΪѪϴ¥˻ڲͶһæеˣǸҹҪʲôǶԸǣֻҪɱҩѡ񣡡


ڰһ Ϊ
ͷóɤӴֻǿϧŵȴûӦ𡣰ΣһЦʦ֣㲻غˣҲῪڵģ
ʲôˣʲô˼ͷһԾȴϷ䣬ŭȵڣزʲôҳ˵
ʲô˼λʦֻţȻҪҳұǣȻҪ֤ݣҾ͸㿴֤ݾǣ
˵䣬һŲӶæתͷȥ۵һֻʱָ˱һϢȴһ֡ʣҪɱˡ
㣬ʲôˣ
ңǺǣҪɱңѵ֪˭ԩûһ΢΢һЦּ䣬ü֮Ķ˳Ѫϴ¥ģժħģӡĵƤ֮ࡣ
ЩһأΪ֮еľӢӣţ̶ȻЩʵʵڵ֤ʱֻ˵Щ֤ӵѾˡ
ƽ￪ڱȽ٣˼ȴҲֲѹһͷ˵֮λȴҲÿÿһһۣʵľ𣡻˵ľ㡣
һǺһЦͷľңҲľ𡣡
Ҳʱ׹ŭһҪӶһչһȻľȴҲϱ棬ֻһ̧һָ֮ٴɽֳѹȥ
ͬʱһ֮Ľ⽣Ӱͻأ֣˲䳯ɱȥñֿءɽͨ£Լ˰ľ飬һö̫Ӹȥ

ۿѣʦֻһѰߣȻн𵤺ڵΪȴʮɽġɽֻͨסﻹڳջؾ𣬸˵Ըһˡ
һɾľһе̫ӾȻǴɣʱһڵĽâȻǵõǿ
ãܺãȻʡ˺üĿ๤Ƕлʦˣ
˰㻵ҪƴǶ̣ɱ
һǵͨ죬ߵֳȻɫĲʹӷ֮з˳ֱֱһȥ
һ״һ⡮Ƕ̡ȻһȫƷÿһȡǺñǺһΪһףǼֵƷԲ˿ԱȵһƷ
ֶΣͬʦҲþߣϲ̧һ㽫ԼƵһʮƷġԪֹ⽣֮
˵һǶ̡о޵ĸоüһһʮԪֹ⽣ǾǾ֣ţŭˣΪ⡮Ƕ̡Ϊʦ֮۷ƷǻԵɺ֮£ƶɣ֮ǧټҪƣҲѳɹ
ҲˣԼֶνֹڴˣѰ·ת齨ˣѰͻƵĻᡣȻˣһҲֻԼʱ˲á
ռһ־ʮһף˿ġԪֹ⽣ʱһǰδеĴܣԭȵȨƵ˼ʱ
һӦ͵ĵز˼һ䣬תҲ˱仯ʱͱĿȥֶԷǽһ״̬ǰһ̻ףļأһ̾ȻеȻζҲɵ΢΢Ծ
һ˼һ˼Ķɷ֮ʱԪֹ⽣߶ʮһʣͽǶ̡һӣһ£ӿռ䣬౦ľ˫ͨһãǡǶ̡㱻
Լķȡһѿûǰſֳֻһ˿ҧ֧ͷɽͨѹȡ
λʦ֣֪ǻЩʲôֶΣоʩչʹ˱նɱ˹Ҳ᲻İɣһǹЦݣ˵
⻰ö˵ǵʵҲǿ˶٣һоסˣոõǿֶΣֿҲ˿ת
ѾϢģгһ˿ݣȴûæľʦܣҶһ
һҲƲŶ֣ȻһЦɱ˺ɱ֮ǶɱˣҪΪҪⲻ֪նݳô


ڰ߶ ո
һ֮еĵȻĮƺ˵һӲݣҲͰˣɱҲɱˣû˿ö׹ߵĸо
Ϸæľʦܣ˵ɱ˲ǣǲȵİˣֻҪϷҶˣǾ͸˭Ҫԩͷծȥˣ
öԷϢȡһͷЦѣߣϢλʦֵҲδ̫ˡοԩͷծƼҵˣḶӦеĴۣǶˣǰףУıͬıҲǸ
ԣһɶֻҪ㹻Ĵ۾ܹɵͷϲæľʦҪʲôҺʦֶԸ㣬ʯҩǸֲϣǶܸ㡣
һԣƲƲʦ־ЩҾ͵òôοֻҪɱǣǵĶҵĶ
ʱҭһתʲôæһϢֵ֪һطӰɺ飬ǸıӦоа
˵ıÿһǶⱦΪ˵õһö顯ٰƣƭϼϵ弶ļʣڶԵֵѰ弶Ʒҩ˿νĺö
һһ˫۽Ķͨ͡СͨתȻ̽˼ȴȷԷ˵ȴʵ֪ôһԵõĵط
һ˵ͷãܺãļǮ㹻ǵˡֻ⣬ӣҪɱҲ˵֪ɱЩ˵飬ˣҲ㽫Ƿˡ
ǰһ仰ʱһڶ仰ֲɵýæľʦܷģԵķģѽֻҪǷҶˣӴ֮ٲ¡
ķģߣҪͬھΣҿɲԸİΣϵϡ
Ҫô죿
ߺߣܼ򵥣ֻҪǹ鸽ңΪҵ£ūͣӡӴЧңǾˡ
ʲô
͵һҪ֪ͳӡ͵ǽ֣֮һ˿һͷӲԷ̽飬ǲūͣûʲô𡣶ΪɾӢŴʦͷεǶԣȴڽӶҲûġ
һڴˣҪҪݣԼѡɣһһʱ콣һŵȻһԲϾҪնɱ
ŲĽһԵʹһɫñȨ֮ģǶЩȻɫظʲô
״Ҳ֪õ׷ʲôȴҲ֪һֻԼʱͷ˼ϣصص˵ͷֵҶ˸Ը鸽
һԸЦãܺãλʦҲʶʱΪܣλֲ飬ɱҲǿϧȻϹ鸽ңҶȻṼǵֲˣ
˵䣬һҲ¶ߣּջֶΡš̶˱ͬʱȴû˿ߵ˼Ϊ֪һűֳֶΣӲҪҲֻǱɡ
һһĮ΢΢һЦйѯһǺƼҪ֮󣬱ٲ˵ʲô˸طţ̶˼״Ȼ֪һʲô˼ȴҲΥ棬ֻø˵ط
Ƭ̣һһöһĶХͷֳͣԭȻһˮĸ

һȣСѾͷֱӴˮĸ֮зɳ˽һУ̬ѡ
һĻУۿ־֮ɫΪģֻΪһǶӺص֮м֪ʮǰˮĸ֮һϷѹ˷ı
˭ѵҪɱôͷ˿һԵãȻСȫ棬һ˿Լĵ͸¶Ȼö˴˸ս
ȻΪʮָߣΪʦ۽綼ʮֿһ۱㿴ȴҲûҲ࣬뵽ˮĸĴڣʱͨʲôͷ
ѵǴ˵еˮĸˣҺʦҲˮĸŵӰһѵǾˮĸĴ˲ɣʮѵˮĸڶˮĸҪ³ֲɣ


ڰ 
ڶ˳Ծʱһ˻Сȭͷ˶УеߣǸ˵ǺÿСС꣬Сɳҳǣ
СС꣬Сɳţ̶һ㶣󲻳ŵǺεӵСһ̣Ǽˣֻ㶵ò㽫˫۾˳
ֻˮĸ֮Ʈԣ䵽ϣָΣʸӣһ꣬оɳ˶ͷ㡣һȺ棬ĹɳԪӤƣˣҲǽ۷壬ʱͻƵĺۼ
⣬⡭ţ̶ˣʱȻˣ뵽ǳͯȤ澹ȻЩǿˣˣˡ
Ҵǣ죬ӻ֣ʵ˺
˿ûз˼ͷ̤㳯߹ȥ
󺺳Լ߹뵽֮һֽʬ̷æҡͷֵС㣬ӣᣬᰡôҶľʦʦֶ֣ᰡӷŹǰɣ
ԣɰԳһ˿ɻ󣬻ͷ˿һû˵ʲô׼ͷָһȵƭߣɲôƭģԽѵǡ
˵䣬һһˮƾᣬ͵ı㳯˹ȥ˼״Ҫʱŷ˫žȻҲֻܶۺˮҪԼɱ
ľʦܰԸĹ鸽һɣ۱ػܣһ֪޲ԣ޲ɫɷ׵æе
һ֣ҪĻƳȻŷ֪ˣǹһ˿ЦݣǰɣӽԺǾǵ£˿ǻҪҽأ
˻ڣͷ˵ͷˮʱһͷצѾĺֻ롣
ŶԭѾͶˣǾû취ˣмʮַҪһأֻȥЩԪˡЩδջͷˮƳ˶һۣһȥˡ
ֵĽһСŮöʱһʵɵ𵱳ԼԵֻúڲѣһֱҪԸľȻⲻô
һɲκڣһֱͷˮĸЦʦͷвܺʹ㣬ȻϽǾͽȥɣ
̧ͷ˿ˮĸⶫǼ˷ֿ־壬ʱҲɼֻõ˵ͷûعһõϣǰ⻪תգۼ䣬ѾˮĸĴƽ̨ǰ
뿴ۻĸֻ㣬ãɼֶΣĳ½ƣ󣬽סͰβ
治Ѱﻹ伮鵤Ƕλ˼ҲȥȥѧǡֻҪĹ鸽ҲǱˡ
⻰˼ŵбǷһ̾Ȼٴһ˵ѧϰʱĸоһԼĵ·ϣ
Ҳڷõı仯ԭΪ⣬һ̲ſɬķ֣ԭԼԼ֮Ѿʧ˱ĺ͵·̤Ϲ·;ʵѾв̤ˡ
𵱳Լѧ龰ͷ΢΢̾Ϣɵ뵽ҲͶҲʲô»˵ǸƣֻԼִŲʵɣ
뵽һͨϵϢҲɢ˼֣ȻԵ˵ͷȻܹΪʦ𣬴˶Ҳ򵥣ֻҪܹո
һҲ˵ʲô̤ȥˣһۣԷе򣬵˵ͷҲ˽ȥ
븱֮Уһѯһǵջ񣬵֪Ҳջķᣬ䱦ϣѹȻûʲôŵرŵȥҲǼֵʯĲƸ֮ἰһС˵ڻɱԪ֮ʳǿ걾Դ
˵ⶫƬڡһС֪֮𣬲תƬԼ¾壬ǰ壬ΪôֻԼ
ȴû뵽Ƭڲ֪֮ɣʹã޷תһ룬뵽˴ȻˮĸйϵΪˮĸĴˣЩҲȻˡ
˵ЩʱһҲûбܻţ̶ˡǶ˼ʶ˲ٶҲɳԾѣܹ걾ԴƬĶѡ
ʱһתͷ˵ʦ֣ʦ֣ǰ˵бشڣ֪ڿɷϸ˵һˡ


ڰ Ͷ
ԣԳһƬ֮ɫͨʲôýһ񣬵˵ͷȴǿ˵ʲôüһ㡣ֱһӨ͸Ķⶫһɫʱһףشһ㡣
˹Ƕһ͹µӡɣ
һû뵽˾Ȼɴ࣬ԼߴپͽҪĶҲ˵ͷ̧һ㣬ħӡĳ֣ӡһͰöӨӻȥˡ
׳ӡǵ֣ҲǲСѰ˿һӶָɸҲҪü깦ſԻָɹۡ
ӡõҲǳΪһ£ūһĴڣԼˡԼˣһģǳ鸽бһ֮ȻҪһЩͷһ
˼һ£뵽һʺϵͷһֻ⻪ɳ˳ȥ
˼һɫЩΪһҪɱڣһҩףⲢɱֶΣǾ˵ֶΣſָĽɫ⻪
ڶ˲ֿ£ɫ⻪ҩӶ˶Ź룬Ƭ֮󣬶˲԰׵ɫʱúԭ˥ϢȻָԭԳǰȻöΪһ֡
ܿתϲ㳯һһݣлϡֵ̿ѯһ⵽ʲôҩ
⣬һҲûʲôεģ˵Ӥ
ΪʦȻ֪ӤǺεȴڣڵʲôæʼϵһö̺ҩġ컯
֪һö컯һԼƣҼһöġ컯ʱʶԼԵľȻһ亱ʦΪʦһڱˡ
ͶϡʽܿҲٲҴţʹʹԼ֪صĴ˵
ԭһ֮Уôһءڵλڹ䴦ӡǰ˵ЩҲеˮƽ˵鱦һĴڡ
Ҫ֪鱦ڣ˼ıǽҵλĴڣҲʹıǿ鱦вϽܡ
Ȼһ²˴鱦Ѿոһ飬֪鱦ڣⲻ˼
ȱأҪĶȻܹڣ⼸ǧʱ䣬ߴ齨ǺûеõУֻ˵лޱΣգơﻹֵõһķݣõڣͲ֪һ˸ϴٹˡ
Ȼ˵㽫һɻҿԭǱܹ֮ڣһŹԪӤߴ⣬ǱڴԪ޵ԴȪڣȻûгļԪޣԣǵأǵǹƥԪӤҲҪ䡣
֮⣬֮лĽƽǿƺųܹ󾳽ʿʶôȻ۲ıǧټԪӤ˽ҲŪһЩͼĶˡ
صϢ˵֮ԥһ£ǰºͿ֮ԽصϢϣȴǴ˲ơ
Ŷƣ˵
ϣⱦصڣҴӺƴе֪ΪҶˣŽص˵ƼҴ˴ν˼䣬ڴⱦصĿģѾԪӤ˽ʶ±롭
˵һ˰ֹ֣ס㻹ûй˳֮ǰ飬ٲʣֻҪ˳֮һһ⣬ңұ㲻Ϊǣ᳢ʹ顣ںƼҵ飬ãҪɱңҲԲⱦҵҪȥǣ͸һĽѵˡ
һԼ赶ɱˡ뷨ͷ԰һǸͷڹ鸽Ҳ˼ִֵ
ȻҪǰȥأһҲͣ۵ˮĸô·˼𽣹㳯Ǳڵķȥ
һƬ仯ˮؼޱȿ㣬ûɽǸɫˮ˵Ȳ֪λãҪﵽһطʮΪѵġ
ǡõǣƴΪˣƼղصһͼ˿ˡıöնɱһ֮ǰȥϣΪƼȡñسһ
ֻû뵽Ƕ˷ǵûնɱһ˵ĶͶʱǴһôһɷǣǰǡϡ


ڰ ƼҴ
ˮصһ޴ˮɽˮɽУһ޴ɼ׵вʱɳʽԪ
ЩԪʮǿʢĶļˮ׼ͬڸ֣ǿļ۷塣һܳ㳯˷ɳ۶ȥƺˮУԪ޵Դͷڡ
ʱݹԶԶıͣԳһԪ޵ˮɽ
һָָˮɽʵô
ͷֵϣǺƴĵͼʾھˡ
һϸ˿ˮɽȻĵ˵ͷţﾹȻԪ޷ɳ˵˴йŹ֣ʮа˾žǱˣֻΪûмƼҵˡ
ϣƼǱ֮һز֪о˶꣬а취ܿ档ŸѶǵ˴˴ʹá˵ţúͬʱö
һӹûʲôر𣬱˻ȥǹһ˿ƻЦݣ۾΢УЦȻ˴·Ǿʡˡˣ°ɣǽǽȥҾͲˮĸ֮Уû˻ᷢ֡
ǼʶˮĸҲ͵ó취ͬʱ˵ͷֳǡһųָͷСһöˮĸವһȥˡ
ˮĸͬʱ˴ѶһѶϢȻֱˮɽӶȥΣӰɳΪһ˲Ǻƴ˭ˡ
ʦܣʦܣǼȻһҲѾ˰ɣƴһЦķ˹
Ȼָ֪ɱһ飬һ֮󣬶빰һ񣬱ڵʦ֣ҵ½õϢ˵ľʦĵû뵽ʵãԲ֣νϧ
⻰ƴһЦãõúܣλʦܴϢǴġȻ³ɹǶλʦܼҺƼҵͶˡߣȥ峤ϰɣ
ԣš̶һ˿ϲɫͷǣ˺ƴݹöųƿԱԪ޵֮һ˱㳯ˮɽзȥ
Ȼ֮Ҳ֪ʲô󡢽ƣȻڶγһԪ޵ϢԪ޸еϢҲǣɢȥһ˺谭ľͷɽ֮ȥˡ
УԭŨԽԽŨԼ֮нļ·ʮأŵ˵ײ˴Ȼһˮߣ˷ǶڣÿڶϢƺ涼Ĵڡ
ƴ˶˱㳯һѨȥ߱˵˴ز֪ж㣬౻ӡѰ£Щӽ˼䣬ǷѾҲŪͼĻɫȥһΣΪһ飬ҺƼҼλ氵֣ϧ˼ƷķԪӤϽǴһɣҺƼҴӴ˱ɻڴպ̼ҶҪǵɫ¡
⻰š̶˲ɵͷһƴһ¶ȻͬСɣΪǺƼҵ֣ǻٻƷķ۶ʮ־޴
ʦ֣ѵ˴εĴǡʲôɫɵʵ
ƴ״һЦʦܹȻʦ֮ҺƼͻƺڣйءһʱǾͷһͻо磬ҪȡһóԸҺƼҳΪĴ塣
񣡡
֣öޱȡҪ֪һؽ羭ķʧ࣬Ϊ
ߴҲǸһְˡʮʣһȻǿҲڷ档ƼҳɹõһΪ֣ǺƼȴһٷɻڴ³ΪǺһ嶼Ϊ
˾ƴͷʮֵ⣬΢΢һЦλʦܴʱǰͶܹΪһ㹱ףҺƼҵĹպҺƼҾǵġ
֮е£֮⣬š̶æͷǣѾΪһ£ӡ˳ٲܷڣֻǶںƼһδƻЩġʱһǶУʮ򶨵ĶԶ˷ԸһöȡǼϢʮǰˮĸͷ԰
һҪǰ㣬ԺƴѯǼƴûзǵǵֻΪʦʦڷо
뵽Ϊʦں洦ơ󷨵ʱȻдôƴǱ֪޲ԣ޲ƼЩ̽ıֲͼ͸˲ο


ڰ 
һ˺Զһ䶴֮УĶ룬һ˺ϱˮӣˮһ⣬׷ԲԵߣŲͬķںƽʲô
ÿһɢƾȻԪӤһҲǳԪӤˮ׼һ˱ɳ˶Ҫǿǿһˣ֮¡ٹͷǧĽʬϹ֮¡
˽ǿ߽ŵƤɳƵʵƴô˴ˣѵҺƼҵĹزɣ
ʣƴĹһСֶ󲮣˶ǱŵӣһλʦʦܣһλʦʦܣλʦѾͶҺƼңСֶΪ˴֮£һ˾Ͷһϣλʦǵ֣󷨽֮ඨȻԼֶΣԲŶǴ˽
ŶСӾ̼еСӻ˻ҵĶôһλƼҳҲ
ƴְһݵ˵öԣǶλʦܣλʦܸǴ˺Ϣ̼յСΪԲΪսӣǰˡ
ʱһҲת˵£¶һ˿ЦڵСӶ̫ԲҲãһ˵ˮҪΪͽû뵽Ҳۣٺ٣һʬ࣡
λ⻰Ҳüѵʦܣ̼ȻϣϾͬţ»ԣ
峤ϱǳһ䣬ҲΥ棬ͷһʦ˵ǡտڲԣֻǵ֮ɫȴ˿ġ
תͷ˿š̶ˣ˵ҪͶҺƼңҲ֪Ƿб£ûб£ҪҺƼǾͲˣҺƼ˲żüãҲòʲôġ
⻰ͷʮֲˬȴҷһۣÿڵλϣʦȻʦԽƷһȴҲ裬ǷŵӳƵСλͼͼ
˵䣬һɫâз˳ֱֱƴСƴסɵóһⶫһöƣǰ͸˷ƣ̬Ϣһģһ
ùϿڵ
ƴȻ棬Ҳͣ٣æǣƵȥ
ףȻһöơѵǷǵʱ䣬ԼɵģҲ
ùĵ˵ͷ׾ֶΣ볤ָ㡣
Ŀһۣٽ׸һԵĴϣʦ֣⡮ơȻ򵥣ȴҲҺƼŲ˼ƳӾȻ̶ܹʱɣȻʦʡ
ҲǱƷһ飬˵ͷ󷨣ƵҲǲͣһõϡˣһ·ߣǰȥƽ˴֧ƣܹһ֮ǰɣǾͿʽҺƼңƼӵɣΣ
⻰æݣлᡣ
˺󣬴Ͻ˴˼䡣ԭܹ˳ɾͷıˮеһһһƷ䱦涼Ƕڡ
ֻҲˣ˴Ʒޱȣ⣬֧ɢ˷ศɣҪ⿪ƾ͵ý֧ƽƲ⿪֧ƾƻҲָ
ʶԺƼҵʵǲϽʱ侫ҲƳ֧֮еɡ
һΣΪ˱ҹζ࣬ƼѪһǲϽסƣϴֻƼҵӹ֧ơȻһٶȿ˲٣Ҫ֮ǰɻǺѡʶö˵ĳ֣úƼҳӡ
ڴϼҪ˵֮һˮϹ⻪һҪ仯λϼ״æתʩչֶΣˮѹס䲻֧Ԯղűƻ֧ơ
һʩΪʱ֮λ϶Գһ˿ƣˣٲ϶˵Ը˺ƴϸ˺󣬱Ϣʼָǰ
ƴҲ˵˶˱㳯ߣû߶Զ˱ͣʱƴЦ⣬ֻǲ֪ԵΪ¶һָΪпüһ档
ƴЦŶԶ˵ϲλʦܣ˴ֻͬҪܹãһǽҺƼңΪƼҵˣҲ϶ˡ
ԣһЦǶܹƼҸеˣﵽ룬ȴֻԼ֪
ƴȻΪǸܹƼңͷҲΪ⣬΢΢һЦλʦܽŵĵͼȡɣҸָһ£ǾͿѡȥķȥˡоǣЩ֧֮ҲбڣȻֵȴҲΪѵáǶλʦܹƽƣ˱ǵĳɹҺƼҾΪǵġ
⻰æϲصĵͷǣͼȡƴƸȥˡ


ڰ ໥
˵ͼһ˵Ͷ֮󣬺ƴʼҪһͬ»Ƕ¡ͷйĶϸһ·ֻóҪԼʶʶ˵¡Ȼ˾ˣƴҲǿ󣬽͵·ڣˡСġͱ
ö˽нԶƴԱһƼӵܿڵʦֱ֣ʮѵãʮ־ͨƣܹڶֹȡñѵĲǻô
ƴϺЦݽ䵭һȻҺƴ˵Ļʲôʱ򷴻ڹˣ
⻰һ⣬ӵɫɵһףٲ˵һøƻӵæЦʦ˵һԾŶȻݸģֻ˲ɥ֮ȮͶҺƼңǸ̫ôǽ棬պ²üԦɣ
ƴԣüͷһЦɥ֮ȮҲõɥ֮ȮҺƼȻ˶ܲΪһЩȵβáЩֶΣǰָĽƣٶ֮ǰǴ򿪹ƻָģûбˡҾֶθܹ߳ҵбĽƣʱ򣬾ǲҪϽɣѵǻ켣нô꣬ôȻҪԹԽͷġ˼ǹԹֲǷֶΪأ
ƼӵԶʱǰһæƴһһʦʦ㡭ƴ˵ùЦѡ
ȴ˵ö˺Ƽڣһ·ۣɳʮأҪƽһڣͣ
һ죬ˮĸ˳⻪һһСףԼĴԪӤ֣Сʮ𵤺ϵøֳһӼͦˮɽռˡ
Ҳһ˵öˣɿĸʮö򣬽һݣһּȡʮöơҲһݡ˵ǰһơƵġ
ȼ˵Ҫ˼Уܹ졣һֻǻĺЩر𣬵ȡһöơ뵤̨תһȦеĶһ㲻ĸֻҪ֮֮һ׾ɡ
һֶΣԭˮĸ˿ҲϰΪˡڸոš̶˿һ̸Ȼͱһ۷ȴǷദԽ࣬ԵԼʶԽǳ
˶׼һסơ͡ͼһƴ˵֪ˡ
þȻڡı˶ĽѡҶ֪ıҲ࣬ҪѰң纣롣ʶҵĿĶѰıܹҵһЩܹӸ鵤ӤᣬܹԪӤʵıǾòˡ
ȻǰҶȲѣڳ³ç֮ˡһ֮һΪ˾ܵĵõıΪ˰ȫվ˷顣ÿһԪӤһ˴һ飬һͬСףһ顣
Żǰ֮һһ˾ͳĽȥһǺƴ־ģΪ֧Ƶһһ뷨ǾϰƼµģһбΪ˱ƼɣҲòΪ֮ˡ
ڴҲһˮңĶС˲٣ʮСǲɲãͬ˿һ㡣
ǰ֪һʱ˺ƴ˼һЦʹȥߵڣȴͣ½Ų
ã͵ʴףô죡
һ˫΢УϴƻЦ⣬߻ؽˮԡ۹⸡ȻڲʲôΣһ䡮ˡּ̧һƣֱӴˮУԭƾȻһǿĽơ
һУһҲʲô˱㳯һڵĵطȥһ崦ûбƵڡһһǰǵƽǿֱڣżһ׳֮Уһ׳֮вë
һһ伮ἰ΢΢һЦȻһʱβǺö˵б񲢷Ѱ࣬˵ѪǴһԣһ뽫Ƿ룬ֻҪʱͻ˲䴫һǿͨסһβǱľƳһ׵Ĵͷ˳УһѣɻһǰƳɹˣֵƷöβ𣬻ûƳɹֵȵƷ
ⷬܣö˶ԾѣǲͬǣΪŮӵСȴǱöɫʰβסҲ¶⶯


ڰ߰ غ
һ΢΢һЦ˵ߵˮԡһֶǿˮеĽơ˫ָͬӡ̹ӯӯһöķɣƹ켣
ƻľƽƣ
һ˫ͬʱˮϣֶƽ֮ͬʱתԭʰ쵵ˮһ̾ͱӳɫһ۵ĴɫұһǴס
ƽ֮ѹ£ԭͬһתĽƶʱӦԾڷһǣβΪԴһ߲ϵĳͻҪƵ
˿ƣһҪСļ֣Ȼ˿ƵĽ󷨣ҽ˰ɣ
һһ߶ƽ֮ͬʱĴһϸϸˮ澹Ȼ˳ƣƽֱ֮͸ȥһ²ſƽ֮Ĳ
ƽͬ󵶣֮Ƹ͵סƻľͬһϢֲֲϣսƵƽơ
ƽ֮ص㣬һתƻľöβסгƵԴþƽԽƷ׷һʱ̣һԭۺĽƱ㱻ֻʣʮ΢һ㡣
ֻʣһ촫ˮʱ顣һһã̧һ̣öʱβС
һöβ߻΢΢һЦһһݸС׺õƯβһУһ嵽ͷϡ
һŮû취һЦ˫һ飬㽫βСһСͷϣʱɰСѾͷ˼֡
ϲֱȴҲһСףеҲС׽ϰɣ
⻰Сһʱߺ˼֣һĶˡһ˵ǰȥӹСβһ꣬Ҳһöʷ嵽Сһͷ˿ϡñǵС׸Ķ˼֡
һıȡתսһڡȴ˵ƵƼҳϺеһ֧ƱƣλǺƴš̶ָķ
ĵ˵ͷû뵽˻Щôһδƽƣȡϣִһ֡
ԣҲ¶Цͬĵ˵ͷϹ⻪Ϻͣ¼Ͷͷ㣬ʼֶΣ֮ϵ
ȴ˵ȡ˵һ֮һһһʰûбĵطԹǷǿơбĵطƽƣȡ̶̼ʱʮڣļƷ䱦ˡ
Ʒһϣбһö弶ƷҩСѪⵤҩ롮Ӥ컯֮಻ͬרΪơѪ弶ޣǷȥǿѪǿһΪ
ٴ߽һ˷Ľڣһ֮佫ǿ֮󣬴߳ͽƴἰģнֹ㶼߹ˡ
ãòõҲˣÿȥ뱦ɽֶأǲźν費ȡǴǿɲǴ顣
⻰СѾͷҲܶ벻ԣֻֽкãΪ׵ˣ˵ľǶԵġ
С̲ס˸ۣȻһһ˵֮Աǡö¼ΪûеλֻεЦЦұʲô
ڷ˵ͼ֮һһӣ򣬱㳯ǡ֧ڵĵطȥûã˱ǸѨڡҪߣһָһ쿴쿴
һ˳ָȥһʮ־޴ĶڣͨĶڻʮ౶פʱһ󾢷洫һ˻ʲôݷġ
һһߴɣͨƣʨ壬ͷţǵĹޱ˳˵һͷ͵Ԫޡ
ͷԪ޸ճһˡʱϹŵġơãһԪ޵Ϣɢ
оͬϢͷԪŭһٲǣһ̤𣬱㳯ӳڷȥ
һɵÿǶڣɻͷԪԲסŶԣղſȥӣƺճһ㣬ѵѵԪ޳ĵطɡĻѵƬĴڲɡ
뵽ܣһʱȣûѯ㱻ӺЩжں


ڰ߾ ͻ
⻰һʱһƽСѾͷӻãϲ֣ȳ£ȴҲִ֪磬˵Ļʮа˾ġ
ˮĸĸˣһƬˮĸӡħɵĵط֮ЩӦҲ˵˴ô౦ڣ˵þˮĸĶܹˣȻܹʵʱ˻죬ΪѣӦҲҪȫٰɣ
һϸǶ߹۲һѯĸоҲֻ˵жںʲôǺûǻ˵
һһվһ̽Ĳ˵ӦִпܴƬĶ㶼Դʹһ̽뷨
˵ǡ֪ɽлƫɽСһҲçײǺ֮ɳʮͷԪ޵Ķߣȳֽǡơһ飬Чһأ׼һЩӦıɢˡ
Щ֮бһֺںӡС׺ϡľȡˣöǾޱȡһ̽澹Ȼӿȵı֮ƺһСͻɽʱҪ鱬һ㡣
ⶫһý𵤣ĺƶɵӡÿһöֵϽʿԱ֮󣬾ԪӤҲڡɱ˷ĺñ
һĽ֮£ⶫš̶˼ָмͬʱһػԼϵ˼ʶĵֹ˳˼֡
׼֮һ˱㳯ȥҶϢֻáơɢԪ޵ϢȻЩԪֻһζķɳߣһҲ
ԼĪʮ·зֲ·ڳ֡һ·һӴԪ޷׷ӿȻԴͷڡһ·СһЩЩ֧Ƶ·
е֪Ǵ·ʱһԥһ£շһ֧˼ǰ
һأ;ʮֲ·ڣķֲ·УԼɢƵϢȻ˿˵бǵȼض롮һĴڡ
Ҫ֪ƼҲǷǧټƲҵڡһ·ϣȼĴھȻߴһطҪǿһ˵ıֵ֮ߣ󡣿¾Ƿ񣬶ɽһĸ֪Ҫᡣ
ȱһҲˡĹƣǴ֣ӦܵһıֻһҲȵԵıʮˡ
ʱһСѾͷġ
СѾͷ״һһֱڹעڽ붴֮ǰһ˿Ծֻ˵ʲôԡŽ룬е֪ǡԽԽǿңͬʱһһ״̬
һҪȴСֹˡ˵ʱǳһжǾʹ˴ϣ費˵»˼
ʶһҲֻһֱߣֻû뵽һССפ㣬ϾȻʡ
һ֮󣬱ıСѾͷȻһڻУŸоԭ޹ǵСѾͷȻȫ̱һ˫ˮĴ۾ţСһһ⣬ʲôȴ
һæתͷСʵ⵽ô£
СҲŪЩֲһ˫й⻪תȻڷҴм䣬ҵİ취Ƭ֮üͷһأ뵽ʲôָͬɣһ̧һ㣬üġ
һ̶һɢֱӽһС׵һӰƾᣬΪһʵĻӰڻС
ԼɼӰһɫŮӣĿȻȴ͸һӺݺͰʣһһĸԼϵĸоһҲӴŮӰ֮пԼĸ׵ĸо
һ״ӻӰŮӿдһֱ᲻𷴿˼š̶ѾĻɣΨһС׶ˣйҲᶨһûܵӰ졣
ʸʲôˣΪҪһԷ㶥ǺԨϢʵ
Ӱûֱӻشһ˸ͬ˯΢΢һЦԭĴУӱȻһĴˮ飬ѾͷҲǱ֮ˣ֮ģʮֲµˣ
ʲôӣ㣬ˮĸ
Դ⣬һûʮǰĶɨ£ѹħɣȥľ֡ŮΨһ̳ˮĸͳĴڡȴû뵽Ȼʱ䣬£ֱλɵ֡


ڰ˰ ˮĸ
ˮĸԣ̧ͷһ˿ǳǳЦݣͬĻ촽ͷȻϲţ˶ƺҾˡ
õ϶Ĵ𸴣һԭ˼ǻ˹ֵˮĸˣȻĸӣΪҪ˶أ
ˮĸЦݲȴ𻰣Ȥʵʲôˣ
Ȼˮĸʻһȴ¶Է˵ݣǶԷϵĸϢһоͬĸʻĸʻλأ
ֻ⣬һʱЩҭ˵Ůƣ䣬ǣʮΪǽڣ˵ӣϵʦֻԪӤΪĺϡ
һеһһ飬һԼͶĸ飬Ʋϡס֡
һЩԿڵʱһԱߴС׿ڵĸף
⻰ԭЩɥһʱ𵱳ˮĸ֮Уһμ棬֮ʱŮһӵεΣһദļ׷ӿ֡
ˮĸСײ죬Ҳûвֻ΢ЦĿһǾĻش
ȻƬ֮һлָţˮĸӰ˹֣ˮĸˣС˲ţףвְ֮ˮĸЦ
⻰ˮĸЦŨĵ˵ͷãҲѵã⺢һлѣԼȹǧѣ㣬Ҳͷˡ
һ˼ˮĸĸַӦǲǼȴûȻôһ仰ƺˮĸУԼܹΪ絲һ㡣
ˮĸˣԺν⣬⺢֮Զʤңд˴Уպɾ֮ײѰ˰ˣεˮĸ˸߿
ͨˣ
ˮĸ΢΢һЦʻӰ֮ȻһֻһѾԼ͸Լеܣе˼һ
æϢ˼ʱˮĸȴջأ΢Цνй¶Ƿ˻ˣҲܣݣȻĸףǾҪ׵ʦߣһȻҪˡ
һȻ֪ˮĸΪ߿Լ뵽պôѣͷһٲʲôģصص˵ͷȻˣǵɽ𺣣һҲһסܵ˺
ˮĸȵþ仰ЦʱŨ֣ãǰѾͷһѣҪȥ⣬ˣ⸸Ҳˡ
ʲôһһæʵˮĸˣ⵽ô£ѵ˽پȻҪΣɡ
ˮĸɫ֪ʲôطô
һȻ֪˻ʲô˼ȴҲϢҳ̽Ŵ˴ˮĸѹħ֮أ֪Ҳԣ
ˮĸͷҡͷǣҲǣ˴ǵѹħɵĵطһ֣Ǿǡˮĸ
ˮĸﾹȻˮĸˣѹﵽǱһ亱Уǽƣﶼˮĸĺۼѹˡ
˵ĲıƶǵҲĿľΪѹˮĸĵħɡȻ֮⣬ˮĸһãȴйءǾǽˮĸĴм䡣
м䣡
һ״мǶôǿĶ͵»֪ʶ⣬ȻֱӵȴǿС׾Ȼڶ̶̼ʮԵϰ꣬ǧɵĻۣ׿мҲ𵽾á
ܣ
Сһľ֮ҲһǲŵĿˮĸӰмһеĴڣҲӵУôдм䴫ݸ
ˮĸС׺ǳ⣬ȴһ㶼⣬΢΢һЦû뵽侹ȻѪŽһ﻽ľɣ㴿Ѫ綼ټˡСȻѪ֪ۣмȷʵֻ޲ӵСǷĴڣǻǿԽ䴫еġ
Ȼʩչ̤ѩ޺ۺű䣬ɱһ仰˵Сͷʱһһ仰϶ʱԳԾ֮ɫʲô˼ǣ˵У鱦䴫Сļ䣬ѵˮĸһɼ鱦ɣ


ڰ˰һ 鱦
ɼ鱦
һһ˵ǡɼǡ鱦ӹɣ˵Ķһǳ׵
ˮĸԣ˵ͷֻСĴмָôࡣ˵ſһԵһһۣԭˣ㾹Ȼոˣѹˣ
⻰СɫһףһЩм֪һЩֻСΪԼ޾Ȼܷˣǵǵһ˵һ˵翣˸Ҳֻг˵תˣס
ˮĸȻûн͵˼΢΢һЦһˮĸ˵ˮĸĺľһɼ鱦ܹޱȾԶ¼Ҳǵôһɾ͡ξѾͷеĴмˡ
һȻɻȴҲһʵˮĸˣ˵Ǽ䴫УôֻسΪĽأ
ˮĸҡͷԲӣмһ£ʮ£ĺôͬҲҪðΣա룬ҪһԺ֮СļȣѰ˶̶̼꣬ǧļ䣬Ҫⷬϴ񣬳ˢҪǺεȵļѡ㣬ͿӡѪ֮УҪͷšҪм䣬Ҫȵɾʹ޽ɣ鲻пܡ˵ܵ䣬ղΪ˵ҲһСģ˵ʧܣӡǶҪɢļ֮С
ʲôһû뵽мգæˮĸˣΣգǵγɹأ
ˮĸǿһͷ뷨ҲΪ⣬֪˼ǲΪʲôϡǺǣɣҲûʲôϣֻѾͷǿǣҴмʱ򣬾ѾǷڣ鲻£а֣㣬Ҳۣɥأ
ȻգһɵЩʵˣ֪ɷﵽٴУ
ˮĸźҡҡͷǵӦûƳ٣ȴǲˡҷ֮ʱΪôв𣬶ˮĸ󸱵һ㡣õ˴еˣڴﵽ㹻Ϊʱ򣬲ܴСû뵽ѾͷȻ͸˴û뵽ǣԭĲþȻƿС룬ֱܵӰ졣ѾˮĸǼ鱦Ĵмϵϣ׼мʱҪϿȴǲܣΨһĻᣬֻɼ䴫һ;
һԣɵЩʱҲ޷Ȼǰˮĸ˵һҪֵ飬㹰ֵˮĸˣ洫ӣǳʲô⣬ˮĸһʹ˶Ͼˮĸһʲô취ֻҪ˵ĳȻţҲԸһԡ
ˮĸԣ˵Ӧٶˣ˲¡ǻͨ˼ݡҲвãֱǡ֬ɹǡڤ㡯鲨Լ̴֮УԭҼƻ֮ҪͿɴУΪ̫ͣҪȡļ²ܹɼ䴫ˡ
֣ǵһǡ뵽Ƽҵĳϣһֻͷһٿˮĸеʱ˾ʲôҲҪȫ֣ȹѹ˵
ˮĸ˵ֻǼһԥȥʣµǼᶨҲԳһ˿ϲɫ⻹ֻǵһѴ滹ѹҪһһ
бѹأһһͻָƽˮĸ˵ǣжѣΪһ߾ȫ
̽ˮĸѾһľģҲӣڱ㽫ѹظһһ˵Ȼ飬һһѣһҲüͷ壬ͷ˼ǧҪҳ׵ķ
˵ѹأˮĸ΢΢һЦһĽѾȫˣȻҲҵͽܣֻ磬һʮǰµġҲʲôˡˮĸĵͼֱƻصĲöУϣܹһ֮
һ⻪зɳһöͬʱͼִˮĸзɳ棬Ʈһ
סһöüģʱһޱȹĻԺһ磬ᴩǧ﷽ԲԱ֮ȻǺ
һʱ˼һһͷ׷ӿ֡һޱȵ뷨ӿͷʵˮĸˣһɷˮĸƣ


ڰ˰˶ ʼж
ˮĸ飬һҲԳɢֻ⻰ۣԳ֮ɫԳһ˿صЦ˵ͷԭҲãȻðգˮ㣬˵ܳɹˣҾһ֮ɣ
˵䣬ˮĸֽͻһС˫һ֮ķһһ⻪ӷе͵ĳһʹ͸ˮʧ֪ȥˡ
ʩչһֶΣȻûʲôЧˮĸ˼֣ȻһοΧĲС
ˣˡжɣ˴ο֮󣬶ܼ䴫еʱ֮ϣܹպʱ䣬ʱ飬ǳ˰㣬±ܹ˼䣬Ҳˣ
һüͷͷֵлˮĸˣһµģ
ȥɣȥɣϣһܹټǣ˵䣬ˮĸӰȥ󼸺Ҳ֪һ磬㽫ˮĸӰɢȥ
ˮĸɢһҲ˿¶Ƶص˵ͷҲֱͣӻСף˯ѵöˮĸ֮У·ȥ
һ·ϼһȻ˼ϣȴҲСɫЩáѯʼ䣬СȴǸҲһֻСڵǶԸˣпͨ粻õͨôҲ˵Сףȴ֪Ȱ˵ֻõĳŵһ䣺ģһȹġ
ᶨһ仰Сɫʱһ۹粨ʲô飬Ϊɲ̾ΣգҲ֪᲻żˣ
һŵһԹ̾Ϣ˼ܵǣһǰδеĸоӿͷͬʱ뷨ӿͷȴ֪˵˵ʲô
˳ĬŷɻĶߣԶԶҲɻĶӶݹ⣬Ϊǹϴɳ˶ˣյϢٸ˻
صˮĸ´ϣһȫټϢǵ˳ԾѣæѯʵʲôһҲǣˮĸ֣ԼҪмȵ鶼ǡ
ԵҲ˵ΪӵһѪ꣬ϴ͹˶кһ㴫м䣬Ҳ֪ⶫҪԣ˵ȻҲܵõм䣬ˮĸһĴм䣬ʱԾѡ
ԾʮǰĶ޳˾ˮĸȻһָǬͻЩһˮĸţڳ嶼ֻɴмҪһѹʱԳɫһ˽
ڳһ˼һǰ˵֮£һ˳еһ֮ҪһУвʶҪλң֪к뷨Ȼ˴ε飬̫ΣգҲǿǲԸģ˳
û뵽ͷһȻ˵Ȼ˽ˣһʱһûʱϴɳ˶ͬСȾӢǰֵϣҵԸ׷ϣΪųѣǡ
ж˴ͷԭԥԥʱЩһĺǷҩǴûô˵ʵ⼸һ̨ס
˼ͱȽϼ򵥣˭˺ô˭ǺãǾԸΪ˭һʱ䣬׷桯ǡ֮ʾĵĻ
һҲĵ˵ͷöơˡһĶУһ⻪ˮĸ֮зɳ䵽ϾͻһΡ
̶ʮͽһٶˣ˵Ϣٶǽһÿһ϶װڣƣߴĵӲһСĵ˿ѷɫ
һվǰԼôˣͷҲοΪǿʵȡЩû뵽뾳ѾһɲС
εǰƽʱķǹƥͲڼƻʱ֮ꡣνǧñһʱҪõֵʱ
ппһܿͽƻȥһˣͬˮһ㳯һ߸ȥˮĸĵͼǸб֮һġ֬ɹǡڡ
ıǱҵһȡ²ҪʮҲǲܵġˮĸָ㣬Ƶƽ˵һõͼ֧ڡһȺµһܹڶʱȡü


ڰ˰ ƽ
ͨܣߴͬʮƾֵֵһɽͷ弶Ԫ޴޳
˵Щʵǿĳ˵Щûǻ۵Ԫ㲻ʲôвϾľԪһȺϴʱڽָ׼ӭһ޳
ʱһߴԶͬʱԭƽĿͬˮһ㼤·ض𶯡
ô£
޳
ôܣղһ޳һθչȥ˰գôֳˣ
гϷ׷жɻͳԾһ˫峤üеעˣһ޳һٶʮͷ弶Ԫޣ
Ƿһ֣۹룬ϲܿԪ޵ͷֲ˵ȴټ򵥲˵һٶʮͷ弶ԪޣǱһͷҲ࣬һͷҲ١
⻰ɫɵѿ˼֡ȻҲֹôԪ޵ʱֻǵһ㶼Ǿٵʱ֡һһСӣȻͳô߽Ԫޡ
ľµһγͷԪҲǲˡﵽͷϵǼڳЩȫ֣¶Իͨȫˡ
˴б䣬ڳɾħնɱԪޣ
һڳԣʱһ𣬺֮һһԪǣϣѸ£·ħһŷɽ󺣵Ļһ㡣
׷׳֣ҲһͨΧס
߷ٽӽһȺԪޣΪװͷ弶Ԫ޴Ԫ͵ľͳײ
˻УЩСһԪ˲ֱ;˶󷨺޳֮䣻ǿ弶Ԫ֮У벼ϳɱ
󷨵ĸһֳȻһĻûȫָԸԪǵӦ֣һͬʱԸͷԪޡˮϣ趯ͬʱԸͷԪޣǵ·磬ǴǱѡ
һսȻߴռ˾ԵϷ磬Ҳ˰չŽһ޳ɢնɱɾ˵ʤڳ϶оԾԲûаϲõ˼׷׶Ƿõҩȡ߽ʯָԪ
߲㣬ΪߴʮλɿĴֶԲߣΪԷһԮɳǰսȻƬ֮󣬱ߵ𣬳ڵķͶȥ
ȴ˵ͨУˮУһĶҡһ׳ˮˮϲ˸ʽĽơ󷨣ƣ󷨰֮Уһöˮָ״ĴףԴ͸ʯҫŹâ
һöʯˮĸ£Ϊ䴫ж׼֮һ֬ɹǡȻ˵ĹʣҲ򵥡е󾳽֣ɽڸڶɽ֮µĹʡ
⡮֬ɹǡԶɽٸ֣㲻֪˶ĴǿڶɽٸֶɽٵĹУ־֮֮ϴӵ˼ٻֱģƽаЧԱѡмı֮һ
ʱӡ֬ɹǡˮˡһСףͬϴɳ˶˾㣬ʽ
ֻڶᵤ׷һ׷ûһƽķɳǰʩչֶνЩƽƽֶλһ𣬻׳ƽ֮ˮ
ƽ֮ǿĲԪӤĴ֣С׺һˡһʩչƻľһʩչƽһһƽ֮ͬˮ֮УѸٵ߽һƣÿÿһȥʮƻϡ
һ߶߰˸ʱԭĽѾ˴룬ʣҪƽҲʱ⡣ʱȱľʱ䣬յޣյޣüޣǰʱ䶼ݲ˷ѡ
һһĽȥ
ȺԣӦŵһȡҩȡӷ˲Ϣ䣬ƽķɶȻһࡣ
ƻľƽӣʵƽһУ
飬ŵذ֮ƽ
ƽ
Ԫƽ󷨣

뽫ƽ֮ˮ׼ƽ֮һƽģ׷״һȦݻ̬Ǵʵľïر任ǻǱ仯ޡ׷ˮ֮Уųޱܳҹȥ
ˮ֮вдһλ⻪ãһǿƽ֮һײʱֱȥһʧ˽һ롣Σֻʣ¹ٵǿĽػźö֬ɹǡ


ڰ˰ ı
ֻʣٵƣ˶׼߶ƽ֮һٴơ˳ԾǣٵƾȻΪڲͬÿһٵ֮䶼ϵԭÿһƶѰƵİٱһһֱ͵ͬʱнƣҲƵ
ֶΣһġƻľƽС׵ġƽûô˵˵ֶΡ
ϣô죡߶ԼƽֶΣ仯ٴΣûаãѯһ
һʱ˫ĿգԹδţƬ̣˫Ŀ͵һһⱬߣſڴһ
ֻǡƻľƽݻĴʵͻأĳһӨ͸ĽһһֱҲǿٵնȥ
ٵһҲовɿζͬһ㣬һţǣһʱ֮ųҫ۹â
һصͬĽƣǵҲû˿رܵ˼ವһ¾ʹУһž졣ۿɼãԭޱȽƾȻ飬Ƭ̾ͱնС롣
һ㣬̸ıֳ֮ޱȵı仯ֻһ͵ˮĸָ㣬֪ЩˮĸֲãմȾ֮Щԡ˵ÿһƶͬһĴڡ
ٵһϢϣǾټͬʱãһһƷϵ÷֮ԴǺڸҲ֡
ֻˣһｵһˮĸΪ˰ϧԴһˮĸһ־ҪҪ㡣Ȼ̶ʱ䣬һܲ͸ֱ仯ԸֻһǵĽȴ㹻ˡ
һнú仯һǹһ˿ЦͷһתȻòӦķţֱӳնɱȥֻ֮ÿÿֱڣһ㣬нƾɨ
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һˮϴһ⣬չܿģˮϲ˴ССơ
һ̧һָˮϣֻһOO@@ˮ㻯ĩɢһءһ֮̽һöָӨӨ⣬ǡ֬ɹǡ
ӹ֬ɹǡһоһϤϢǡ֬ɹǡ֮е׽Ϣһ𵱳ɽٵܡ֬ɹǡ֮е׽ϢѾܵˣĸоȴǧٱԼ׽ٵơ
һͬʱҲ˶ɽٸֵȻҪôյ׽٣ǶɹڣΪһĴڣӴ˺գǶɲеõĲпֻ֮ʵǿĻп޳һСɢɡĴڡ
Ȼһ⡮֬ɹǡ֮е׽ϢԼĸԼϤһ½ٵĽѡʱΪ˾ҪȡŲȡ˵һʱʮֽţνǷݲõ顣
ص˵ͷ֬ɹǡ֮󣬴˱㳯һڵĵطȥ
֮һƵĶ֮УһȡС鲨һ¶ˮ״ٹգȡǿ鲻֪ʲôɵϡڤ㡯ٹʱ䣬̴ҲһС
ȡļǰˮĸ˵Ѿﵽ䴫еˮ׼֮ǰܴеľһԣѾ˶һĵıǮֻȴҶģĲļƻ֮УһҲΪ׼ġ
һԸһ֮󣬴ҸԵĿ꣬һɢһ򻽳ö˳ƼҾۼǡȥ
ڵĶ֮У϶Уúƴһ˻ǴϿʵš̶˳ǰйƽƣΪȴǿ֪ǺԵʣѵǳʲôô
ƴһ㶣նƽƣȴ֪ҪҸڽһ£ȴһŲɿĳ˵öˡ
ö˳֣ƴɫһϲæʵʦܣʦܣȥʲôطΪûƽƣ
ʱǿϲ֮ɫƴѯʣȴش𣬷Цλϣʦ֣ҵȶƽĹѰһѷıǱưסԻŸոƿƣϺʦֱϲ
⻰ԭɫЩѿλ϶ʱһæʵʲô˵ĿʵȻҵ¡ı
æͷǣӶײǼյӵ˲룬ñӦǴ˵жɽٸֵĶɽʧܵŹǡ֬ɹǡ


ڰ˰ 
ʲô֬ɹǣǲǴ˵֮У׽ٺ𣬶ɽڸĽ֮ӵжɽٸǧϴľнϢܹаںʱܳħľ
һԵ϶ʱһһ˵һ߿ԱߵλϡǶ֪⡮֬ɹǡǾѵõıҪɽٸֲܳҪǣЧƼλ񾳽治ʱȻ֣ܹ롮һʹãƼҳһֵļʽ
֬ɹǣȷʵѵõıѰˣȻ͡ҵҪһʣΪɣȥѰҺƼһûѰҵأ
ϵǺƽģͳԭƵ˫ۿ˵ʱȻ˵ĹâһҪ˶һ㡣
˱һ㣬ʱһ񣬱ͬʱĵ볤ʦܶ˲ĲֻΪͶƼң繦δ뵽˴ڶ࣬ҪѰһϺñԱġҵҲǴżȻʦܱΪƾˡơ޾Ԫޣһ޳û룬ԪɱҲǻŲ·ͻײҵôһڡֻҲ˵ʱ䣬񡣡
˵̧ͷ˿ϵ̬ڣûа㶯ݡͷһѺҲĵԾʵа٣볤𷣣Ҳ˿Թ
ϲǿ˵ͷʵ˵ú㵹˵˵֬ɹԼʲôаҪֱϲ棬նɱ
褣֬ɹһöָǣ󡭡
Ŷ˵λǿɫڻһ˿˿Լϲɫ¶Ϊ˿˿˿ۣÿһÿһˡ֬ɹǡڽƣҲ뵱⡮ʮƣ˵ó
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ϣӻһδ¾æվ
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˵ĻȻû˵ȴλüͷһ֮󣬴ϵ˵ͷû뵽̼ҲˣѰҲͱˡһ¹ҺƼҵʢǾܱáǾ˽֬ɹǡڱǳҴһϣȥסҵõ֮ٺȡ֬ɹǡ
⻰޲ɣæϵĵͼ͸ϡֻʩ֮󣬾ʹѶȥƬ֮һɻأ˵ϵĻظ
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ɿԵĻʱڳƼӵ˷ܲѣ԰һԳĽƷȥ
Ƭ֮󣬹ȻһƱѸٴƣ֮ǵڶ׼ʩչֶνƵķѹסȻһ֧ƴƵٶȱ֮ǰһ࣬ͷװˡ֬ɹǡﻹ
вʮƾͿȫˣҲҪ׼ӭķˣ
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λ׼ӭһ֧ƺƵ˲䣬ԭһʮ֧ƾȻͬһ˲顣ϣһӿȵͬһ㣬Ϻ
ôܣôнһͬ飡
߾ˮԪһɫѹ
ҲԪӤ֣ȻûϵʣµĽһͬ飬ķɣһ˲㷴ӦһʩչϧķԪʱһɹɷѹ
ֻҪһЩʱ䣬һɷĸɾǾͿƽƣȡõġˡ
ʱһŲӶѨ洫Ӱڶڣöˡ


ڰ˰ ȡ
ǲƽôôʱˣԳ֮ɫ뵽˴󹦣ȴҲԵ̫ŭ
Գһ˿ЦλϣǶѾһֽƣڷŸо𶯣ԸϻǷܹλϡ
ǣʲôãɫ˼֣
ϼ״ֹϵʦܣαˣȻλʦֶһ⣬Ҳñӡãλʦֶڽ費ͣԳЩ
⻰öæǣ첽ǰȥּ̧󶯸ԵƽˮϺȥû룬λʮ̵ĽƣϾȻѸٵƽ⿪
λ϶ɵɻ󣬵ֵƵķɣΪƽƣʡʱʡȻٺò顣
λźνеʱΪߣﵽԪӤڵĴɫ͵һ䣬ŭһ˭͵ϮλʦС
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ҪˣһɳƵһ˫Ѫɫ󵶵ͷնȥһȥʮع֣ʱһδǳ֣ϾΣˡ
ʦܣСģɫѿҪʩչֶξԮ
ߣСԼɣԪӤڣٺ٣ҷ޶˵
˵䣬һڴ󺺴ӲһͬŮӣ˶ǹ͹ޡн˫ҫӲӱ⣬ζ֮ʱ󲨶ʾˣűĶ
ȻԪӤڣ˸һ㣬һƵķǣƣԷȶ̾뷢ݲʩչʲôֵɫһݣŭһڶͷϣһöԺɳûʮ߾ͳɱȥ
޼״һЦı͵һײͼֱʮ߶ȥ̱㽫ߴƲֱ϶ȥ
˵ЩûֵܵסҲΪӮȡһ˲ϢҲԪӤڸ֣˲ͽֶ׼ãһͷ飬һűһͷϢ͵˺ɱ
һͷͬһ㣬Ȼһͷޣ弶ڣȻϢϴȴҲʵʵ弶ޣһͲס˹ﶯ˾룬ǿ϶
˴ϺϣһҲܵչˣϴһһʱ䣬һĴ֣㽫ϼסΪԷǣƣȵռϷ硣ֻǶԷǴĳϣʵҲǷͬСɣΣպǱ⣬֮ѡ
˫սĵڣһСΪ׵һȺ˳ڶ֮СǹҲһԵĴսֻƽֶʩչƽģһС׶ʼƽơ
˵⡮ڵĽƱͱƼҶãȻûܽȴҲƽ˲ٽƣĥһ±һС׽֣ԽƽֶʩչͬˮѩϣѸڲ
һԵλ뵽Լ˷ѾǧĽƾȻһȺɷ˼ƿһ뵽СҪ֣ŭŭвѡ
ǸϲûָĿһҲͷֻö䷢ģҪʬΣҪͽɻһҡ
Щŭš̶ɫЩÿϾƼҶ֮кڸ֣Ҫɱֱ練ƣһʵǿҪƾЩʵֿƼңҲԲ㡣
һ״ͷֳһ˿ͷλЦλϺαضŭҵǰ赹԰ˣﱾˮĸĶʵ㺣Ҳˮĸ֧β¼Ȩò²ߣλԸֿҲԲΪѣպˮĸع飬ٴͳλϣƼң󶼺ô٣ˣ֪Σ
ʲôˮĸܣˮĸʮǰʧˣôܻڣɫʱһ䡣
ûʲôܣҵȾˮĸӣôԹͶôܹĽô˼򵥾ͱǴˡ
ʲôѵʮƾǴƵģ
ǳ֣λҲ֪ﵽʲôطҵˮĸͳȻа취ٽƽƣˣ֪Żǲţ


ڰ˰ ѱ
ٵĻ϶ʱˡƼǺ֮һܿ˵֪Ȼ׺Դˮĸ֧һƬʵǵˮĸ
ֻǲ֪ǺԵɣ⻯ˮĸȻԭ˵ӾۼڣһԪŰĵطٲʺɷչ
Ϊˮĸ֧ĺһҪˮĸõ䱦Ӵ˹ɡΣǵҵѣ˵򿪽ƣС
ֱǧǰһλ޾šˮ졯Եɺ֮´ˮĸһȻûеõǼȴȡԴĴ£ΪǺߴ֮һߴſʼƹһƬڡˣҲûеõˮĸ
Ϊˮĸ֧ˮĸ˽ԶʤʶõĺôԵҸࡣЩҲЩƷչߴ֮һݡ
ҲˣƼ̼ҿ˵ͬûȴܹʿ࣬ǿ֮󣬽ģ˽κƼҰгȡ顣
˲Ϣ֮㽫еһԺ֮йһ飬Ǵڻҡҡͷǲܣˮĸ˲д棬ҲˡҾƾˣҺƼҶȲ˵ʲôͳĴ󻰡
һԣ뵽ԷĴ𸴣ҲʧһЦǼ٣Ҳֱ棬ֻǽ⡮Ҫˡлλˣ
ʲô
Ͼһ͹޺ϻΪˮĸĻģһ²ŷѹԼϵĽƷ֮ȻȻʧֻ˵һǾѾˡ
Ȼˮ֮УʮЩԵĽƱһʣԭǿޱȵĽƾȻ飬¶һŹ⻪õġ
ƣ
һ̧һץָһֱӽǻˮ飬ԼԣҪߵġץС
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һƳĶ뷨һ㣬ȷԸǿҪӳַӡܹ֤ܵһһʩչֶˮĸڸķӡֶΡ
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ˮһӡˮĸ֮һΪ֧ĺûдڰɣλϿɻˣλϿϹ鸽ҿڴһ˻ٴιƻ
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߾С˵ϻҺƼʵǿ˰ٱǧΪǽֶΣˮĸֶΣһһˮĸ伮ˡλҺƼᱦǲ֪ٽصһһĽļգ
ãһĽҵļգҿǿˣˮĸӵܣΪáˮһӡ󷨡
һһᵤ׷׶̶ʱͲóһΪµĴͬʱӳֵһϣʱƹĴߵѰԪӤĵز֮䣬һķƾۣǡˮһӡ
ãλʦܣ֣󣡡
ˮһӡһʱˣϻغϣգ۾ͽһ򵥵ͬԴ˻ϣϢ֮ǿȻ߶ӽԪӤڵˮ׼
ֻǶӵ伮֪֮ˮһӡص㣬ȡӡ֮еǿӡҲ˵ԽӡԽǿӡ򿪲õð취ʶǲûѡֿǽԼŻ
һ¶һ˿üƵЦݣ̧һģ㽫Ǵӡİס
ڴӡ֮⣬һȻһЦӡ֮λϣҵȸһᣬǺúÿǿǰɣ
洫ϵȽǷųһ̸
һԣǵЦŨ֣мڤ粻飬ˣʹҽӡȫ˳׷ӡ˰գ
˵䣬ǴӡĹȻתһ˹⻪λڷӡ֮в˿Ԫֻ񣬾
һһԵʹ˸ɫˮĸ㽫УҲܴӡ֮Σһʧڶڡ


ڰ˰˰ 
һȥʮϢ֮󣬺ƴһнƼӵ˴ˮƣǱΪ֣һǱӡλʱǶʱ׳˱ʡ
һֺƼӵȻûм⡮ˮһӡȴҷĳϲˡںƴĴ֮£󷨣ӡȥ
ﵽӡϵʱǿֺޱȵĴӡ˲ڡȡλϵͬʱҲֱӳλϺȥ
ȻԾȱ仯󷨵ͳڳƼӵܵļԦزˡֻĿųϺȥ
ˣҵס
ͷǴϷӦ죬ٴνǱͷųγɱһ㽫ΧסǿֱӺϡֻҽвѣǿʱƲһ㡣õǣ
þȻôһƴɫѿޱȣͷð麹æһȺӰһأ볤
ԼòոͬƲڴһڵϣͷڵѪǰûڵϣӾȻԼϣһ
νڣǰЩˣƼҵӵܣĶ棬ҪȴҲ˵ڡֻнŭ𱬷ֶ֪һϡ
ɣԷ̫ǿǶƭˣܹǡֻͽˮĸһҪҳءһε飬ǣǼϼһﶼѴ̡
ϽǰҪĽ˵˼䣬ڴڼ䣬Ⱥ˵Ѱ֬ɹǡĳȻ޹
š̶˵ġͽоԼˮĸһΪڳкƼ޲߿ѣ׷׽Ҫǽնɱ
кƴΪŭǺΪܹöˣȴûǵã˶ˡ۹˵ҵˣҪĻԴ
Ⱥ鼤ܹȺ鼤ܣһƬܵѨɣƼҲû̽ǧ֮һĵطҪץһȴϼѡ
ֻǡ̫Ҫλϲ²һǡ֬ɹǡ߼ջúƼҲϧһȫ֣ʶھ
ּλϴ죬·Ѱһ˵ټȡ֮ǰҵǲ֮ǰҵǾһȥƼϲ㣬ǲͨΧһ˿ѵĿܡ
ںƼ˶ãԭƽıھȻһϢˣħ塣һޱȵıڣһ̾Ȼعˡ
о뵽ԭĶʳȻһƼҵﻹסΪϳ־Ϳʼնɱĵӡֻǣһ¿ɾͱˡ
Ϊû뵽ȱأûǲԪӤϽЩ𵤵ӴʵҲǲȻԪӤ֮Ĳ̫ȴҲܲס˶ࡣ
ӵܴû̫õı﷨ⱦֱˡӵϣסƼҳϵͬʱ·ıأҪΪ졣
ѹȣƼҳϱҲˣܿ㱻ѹ·ȥˡӵܽҪնɱԶʳĺƼҵӡ
ۼƼұѹסԭΪ׵̼ӵܣԼȻͬŷϣȴҲ۲޺ƼҳԶʳʶûаһߵ˼
ƽԣƼҾҪִ˵ʱЩ̣ųͣ
ڵ̼зֵڣ̼ѪÿһһˣǵľǷˡʶҶֻ̼ңһӣ˭ٷ
֮УȽƼȡԶʳΪһǴʾԷȡԶʳ
⻰ĵȻŰɣȴҲñʾƼϱСָɫѿͬףȴҲ˵ʲôϾΪץв˵ҪǳѾܹƵˡ
һ飬˰΢΢һЦȻҶͬ˵ôЭ˵ҲͨˡˣΪ˱ʾ⣬뱾źƳϽѾ֪ҷһ°ɣ
˻һȻΪƼҽΧͬҲƼҵƸˡƼҴͷһٸֻǴ˾̬棬һ˵ڣᱻΧڵ
ȻʮֲҲֻܳʾͬĵ˵ͷǿ̻˵ͼȡѾ̽Ѱĵͼʾһ˵ıڡ


ڰ˰˾ 
úƼҴϿϽƼѾ̽鵽Ķ˵ڳ˶©ֺǰɱϾСƼҸмԪӤڳƴǻʤҲȻҪˡ
ܹѴ֮͵õƼǧٿϢֶֺΪء
ƼҴڵͼʾһһһʮĽ֪ķֲܴڱԼˮ֮Ԫ޵˵һֻȴƼƵġơԼ֬͡ɹǡ
Ⱥ֮УվںһһУɵ¶һ˿Ц
ߺߣǻšӣƺ֬ɹǡϷŹߺߣãõĺܣȻˣÿһ£һɾͲֵˣ
һ˼ĻҶһִٳɵġڶƼҵ׷֮󣬱նɱѪϴ¥ժħԼӵܣõĴѶʽ˼鴫˳ȥ
֪ڣ֪бڣɵﻹסͬӬŵζһ㣬׷
ں;ڣȻһûдѶȥĶӵǵĶĿͬʱõϢ׷
֮ǺƼĳֻΨһһϵǣû뵽羹Ȼܹ潫Ӧֻһϲûзļƻ
һں֮УȻ˺Ƽ˵Ŀ⣬ȴûжԼ˵Ŀ⡣һϤӰȺ֮лӽ
ľ֣֪һεôϼɸ塣ʱ˶ݹƺ˼˺ôΪ˽
Ǻǣԭ֣˵˵ȻΪ˵ҲҲʮ֮˾ţһ㡣һˣ¼ȴһûᣬһξܳˣ
ŶˣҪϲľˣãһαس֣˵һᣬľֵֶΣȻܹӱеļνҲӷ񡣡
ϼȻûбʾ˿ŵ˼װ̫ЩһദҲһ֮ȡֻҲȵˣΪ⣬һá
һٲ˵ʲôר־ƼҴϵĽ
֮󣬴ϵĽֱܽ꣬ӽͼ׸磬˻ȥӵɽҲţ˵͸ݣ͸ͷľӢӡõĵӣѸٵĸ˷ַȥ
õͼֵõ֪·Ȼô챦ȻƼҴἰһ£ȴϸܿˡʱڼҵĦȭƣԾԾԣҪȥȡ
ֻߴһΪ˱໥֮Ħִŵ̽
Ѫϴ¥ӣߣǰأһЦѪϴ¥ӵȶһѪ⳯·ȥ
ժħӣٶɲҪ˱ˣ
ӣ߰ɣ
һ壬ǲǡ
޵ӣ߰ɡ
Ƭ̣ڳֻʣ¾ںͺӡ
ڴӵһ˫ֵ̥ܣֱΪҲǽ𵤴ԲϢ֮ǿͺƴֺ
ֵܼǷɱȥħţԳһ˿УǼûöȻżȴҲö
ǹһ˿мЦݣߵһȺ֪νļһԪôöԸģԪ޵ע⣬øɨ·
ҲӹͷȻ˵гԡҲСĳԡ˵ǶԽ죬Խܵõôڵǳ滹һȺĲȣ˼ħοܵõ
ֵһһŴ˹ǰ˻ͷ˵һ˿ϣ֮ɫһȻǶ绹Щ뷨
ԭ翴ĺƴʱ̡ڳгڣ÷ֻסͷȴԹ˼ҪҸһֵһͷԳԡ
̸һͿʵβ֪Է˼ֻȴʾУԷˣ׼ںĹУѰұ
ƳϣΪ˱ʾĳ⣬뽫ơͳһɣʱ粻²Ŀڵ
Ƽɫһ䣬ܿˡ̼ƼͬǺ壬˵໥֮˲ܣȴֻڸ߲档ơһ±ǽ𵤵Ӷ֪Ҫȴϼѡ


ڰ˾ һ
ԼӿԼˣƼҵ˶λ϶ü
ˣǱǣҺƼ׼Ҳֻ࣬ô࣬ηͽԼþˡƼҴһ׹öơ
һ˽סһ顮ơֵɫ̫ÿһ뵽ԪޣǱ֪⡮ơĺôֻ飬ͲãҪǴҲü򵥣Ҫʲôǧˡ
Ȼ˵ڵĵ֮Ҳʦ΢һĶȨ棬μһε˴ĵ֮УˣҪȴҲǼܵ顣
ֵܳüͬһ顮ơ˿ûΪѣ΢΢һЦľʦܣ»ְɣ
Ⱥеһáơ֣뵽ȻԼ¶ĻᡣȻֻע⣬Ҳ֪Ҫע⣬Դ󷽷ĳ
һһȺ˵ͷֱӹơһо֮ȡһʯһʱ̣һöһģһġơ¯
ӹһɽկơϸֱһɫ΢ϲͷ޵ľʦܲʦֶѡ
һԣæǫ˼䡣ֻһȴǲͬڶԼûСơĵбУƼӵԹ֮ɫ
նɱúƴһȻö˶˵ĻţȴǼȾŭȴû뵽һö˺ıĿܣֻţ̶˸ûɱһֻΪƭȡԼΣżٽ˻İˡ
һȻһԸơơһ㶼ԾϾһãܹơơҲˡ
ļһû뵽һзˣþȻͽˣôﻵҺƼҵĺ¡ããǵԳˣҸᣬնɱˣͷ֮ޣ
һʶԶͬ٭ͨ罫˵ı飬ﶼ֮ͨҲԼоֻ˼Ľϣ񣬻ǳޡ
ֻЩ˼һŲֻ˵˼䣬Լڡơܹ鿪ϲһ
֪һܹʱ֮ƽöơǾϲѣֻĵнǧˣöȻȴҲЩá
һٴ׼Ƶһʱ⡣ֻҪҽơַ򻯼֣ȻҲ٣ʦֵܶԼˡ
⻰ǰһѯʹЧһ֪ҪЧ֮󣬱һ֮ɢȥ
ΪֵܼȻҵ취Ǳٰϧ棬ҲòǰһæһѺûֵ֮ºЩ֮󣬾ҲõƼסơķš
һ˶֮ǰ˴ĵÿ϶õԼƵġơһƳġơΪȫ棬ЧǿȻϲ
һΪݣڳһ̵̬ԼƵġơƷֱӽ۸񳴵ʯһööƾ׬ʯһʲСĺˡ
ʯͬˮһһڴƼһڵӶۺʵΪԷһÿ϶顮ơһóˣҲС׬һʡ
ֻǰ˺ƼҴһ˵ƼûСơǴʱó˴ϵĶ⡣ʯͲﳤ֮䣬ǲòѡ˺ߣʶСơҲòֻĿһ¢ˡơг
һĸư棬ԼƼ档֮ʱʱ䣬ڳÿﶼ˱ơͬʱҵҲ꣬ҲȲ嵽·ȥѰұֵܺһ£ʱӵ룬ķȥ
һȻҲȺ·ȥֻھҪӵʱһգԳһ˿Уƺڵȴʲôһ㡣
½ӶѨ֮Уһεĸоִ˲ͬһκƺǧˣⶴѨʮֿҲԳһܿ죬ĵӸӣѸٷʮ飬ÿʮˣŲͬ·̽ȥ
һ򡮱չˡ磬ֵһ顣ΪܳӵϣһӲƴѰԪӤˡ
һԣȻĿֻ֪Ļ켣һڵ֮СȻǿһУȻжЩ㣬ȴҲ˲鷳Ҳǲѡˡ
һ·ȥЩԪ޲ǣҲᱻѸٳնɱ˵ͼĴ죬һܿѰõһӡ˱Ľơ


ڰ˾һ ţС¶
һһƤ«Ȼûñƹ⻪ҴܣȴҲ˵򵥡
ƽƣһȺȻǾӢվ̫ǳʱ䶼ڴĥֶΣ̫ʱͨʶһȺУΨƽƻЩأһҲ൱ֲڡ
Ϊʦݲμһһɵ֮ԱǡȻһΣչֳƽֶΣΪʦǱֳԼ󷨺ͽϲҲ
˻һûһзƵʱһҵڡַųһηֱӳڶ๥֮Сһը죬η֮ʮƴεƿ
ʮͬʱųһһǿҲãκ˵ע⡣˿ƿһƣȴһӴʮЩˡ
ڳܹϣûһǱһݣʱһҵ˽ƵڡҪ֣һ˼һתǵľһ֡
ʮһһ㣬ֻһž죬ԭȹޱȵǧƽһƿһɵ
һεĳɹ˳ͷٲ֣һ𹥻Ÿϡ
Ȼһʱ䣬˺κϣǷӡ˱Ľ߽⣬ɢı«¶˳
ʱȳ֣Ƥ«ץУŷⲢʲôǷõҩҩ«»÷䣬ҩһԷɡ
ɺ£Ҳöռôȡҩ֮󣬵ظһһݡ˼Ȼǲˡ
ӼҲûа㲻ȻһƣҲһⱦеôȴԶ⼸öҩġ
ͬʱǲɵðΪΪֻһһȻĹãߵˣҪ˵ûпǣû˻š
һƣõһȴ˵Ŀꡣһ㳯һڸȥ
Ȼһİһ鱾ǾӢоӢĶ飬нԵĶ˲ֹһ̶ʱڣȥʮơʮǵҩǷͲϡ
ȻЩƷʲߣ˵롮ȣ롮顯ȼȲϣѰڵ˵ѵõĺöһֵܼʮʮʯ
Ϊ֮һĴڣһԶӵֵܣˣֵȴʮֵȻǿƵᱦܿ͵õ˵ĺøУʮ֮УϺõϣҶ˵ø
һ·ȥһ˵ٶȣܿ㳬ԭƼƵͼķΧЩطŸܼǿĽƣżԪϮ˵֡
뵽Ž֮и࣬õı˶ǾӢȻ֪ҪôȻҪðաڽõʮֲı֮󣬴ûʲôǣһ·ȥ
һˮ֮УʮͷԪ»ɫһ˹һ˸ʽƵˮ
ƽƵͬʱһȺԪϵȻһڳȴûоţֵܵǻ֮£ڵ˷׷׳ֵֵסһȺԪ޵Ĺźӣһָ¿ʼƽ
ýŭͷ͵Ԫ޵ֵܵĿ֮¡˱ǽ۷֣ɴֶθ߳ȻȲһڽ֮Ҳǿˡ
һͻȻȫʵó׵ľͽͷԪޡһ߻ƽƣԪ޻ڱߣæת⣬ͬڵһΧɱʣµԪ
һͷԪ޵£Ԫ˲䣬һҲպ깤һ죬Ʒ׷ױˮ֮һͮͮľʯ˲䣬ҵ¶Ⱦ͵ϴ˵һѰĳ̶ȡ
ڳ˶гɵˣǳ˵ϵɽ»𺣶£һ¡ҿⶫ֪ǺñǰһԣǷϾ˲
˾ˣһҲһЩжΪģֻΪϳⱦǺ֮ΪĻ𾫡˵ôҲǲ١һǿ̫ӵӿռ֮Уӿռøȹ̣ǿ
Ȼ׼ηһʱһɬЦӶ⴫Ѫϴ¥ֵǣһȺ򣬿װ


ڰ˾Ŷ ٣֮
һƿ֮ʮѪ۵ӳǰΪһ˼ʮţʱһ˫۾ֱֱĶˮ֮һö֮
ģȻǴߣֻʯˡðɣЩ˶ţԹԽеıǾͷһ·򣬾ͱѪϴ¥Ѫϴ˰գ
һΪȻҪסǰЩˣֻȴûа˴ʲôһ㶣ɫѿʹֻʱӰ֮ԽڶʱĻֻܿɤ棬˵ˡ
˭ҪѪϴˣɾһȺѪϴ¥ආɣѦ񣬽أˣҵǿȻȻģ
磬ֵܣǣôһ𣡡
ٺ٣Ѫϴ¥Сආֳ˵ˣûʸ˵ٽѦ񣬽˻ɣ򣬽챻ѪϴĿѪϴ¥أ
⻰ΪǼ˶ʱҭȻѪϴ¥һĴͷˡСǺʮȼȲϣǴʮˣ˶ڣθǰ١ֻû뵽һ־ǿ֣ߵϡ
ֵǣܰ
һУ˵ȳӶȥѪϴ¥Ҳ뵽ͣҲųȥܵٶȾȻԶǰʱ
ٺ٣ӣҪҾڣҲµ㶫ǣڵӳ֣նɱаħ
ֵһ𣬾˷׷ӦŵһȺʮ˾ͳѪϴ¥ӱ׷ȥֻԼĲҽƬʱ֮󣬾˸߲ҵķ˻һȻһ׷ҲЩô
ٺ٣ЩħӣȻֱǲۣǽҪͽնɱ˵Щδ졣
Ǻǣȷʵˣ̽Ҫﶼշҷһ߾ǡֻǲ֪λѶһķкε뷨΢΢һЦʵ
⻰ֵܽһ̵ѣǴҾڹøǣúбʱ򣬾㺣ѡΣ
⻰˵ԲܾһԵһȴڵλѣľĳһ֮룬֪ɷ񽫴£¿õȼǽǡ

ֵܲȻˣ˵ɫѿһ⣬ڴ˼ΪҪǲԸˡ
֪ľкôãֵҲǲóġ
һȻе˼΢Цŵ˵ͷ̯ģһ貵Ľ׶ɫϡ
ʲôȻ̫𣡡
ֵܴһǽһ񣬵˵ͷ
ԭľѾȻǿ֣ѹҪ֮ˡ̫֮ɱɣֵ֮ȡȥȻҪʱ䣬Ҫ˷ѲȴҲΪĺ;ȻľʵҪĻҲǲóģֻǡ
Ǻǣ˵˵ȻλѿóľĳȻǳԿãȻûܴԲҲֻһ˿øλͬԣӦù֮ˡ˵䣬һѳɳӧǹ
ȴ˵˺ӧǹһ֣ǹɫ棬һͽƲǹˣʮƣõ˲Ӷ
һƷԲ
棬Ȼǿѵ̫ģ
ǺǣλѹȻȻͬ죬ǹľĳ֮ͨ嶼̫죬ֲֻλõĴЩ֪ϲ϶λѵˡ
⻰ֵһջȥһ㣬㲻ͣ٣æأأǹٺⲻǹ˱ֵ֮ϰûгַҲýˡֵܹõǹսȻҪһ㣬ֱҪлľˡ
ʵһͿֵܵĽЩǹ档ȡǹһԣûȻɹ˳õ֮ڸ˵ͬʱҲЩź
Ҫ֪ƽʱصĶȡãô´лȡһ뵽ͷͼᶨ֮һͬһƸȥ
һ·ȥԪԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿǰ·ٵҲżʡһȺӢǿʵջǰ˭ҲסǰĽŲ
ȡʮƽƵ˲䣬һӷͬѰĸоӿͷƺʲôǿޱȵͻأĳƬˮ֮УһƥеĴС


ڰ˾ ˮĸ
˳Ծѵʱһǹһ˿üƵЦ˲֪⵽ô£ȴһ
ˮĸϢ˵һǧһؿؿͨһɼ鱦ûԪӤΪãڽؿˮĸĴţֹκ˽롣Ҫˮĸм䴫УҪľǿǧơ˵ﱻҶãҲݻٴʣǧƣֻƾϵ»Ҫൢʱ䡣򿪽Ƶ뷨ûдˡ飬ǿˮĸĴˡ
һ˼ʱȻϢڶ𣬻ʣʱָоס˶
⵽ʲôâǿѵǸַɣ
ԣϢԪӤˮ׼Ƭؼʮ죬ȫԪӤϸֽ룬ôָֽҿӦǱŶԣ
ҿһ㿴ƼҲͽϣ˵׼иѾأ
һǾǱǹɼ¶ѵûиоô˼䶨ȻǱһĴڣ˵ʲô춯صı˵׼鱦Ҳпܣ
ʲô鱦ǿߴûеĺñ鱦˭õһ죬Ϊ֮еǿô
ǿҲǵӣҪס鱦ôܣ˵ɱ˶ᱦҲпأ
Ͳˣ鱦뷨ͬ϶ˣΣյʱᷢӳʮǿһܹġ

۷׷ףΪ׵ֵҲ˼䣬վǰȥ̽һ¡һʮһѡһķȥǸϵǸߵʱ˸ǰ档
һʵƷڰУƷɹ׭д֡ˮĸʱƷǰǧ˳Ⱥӣ㶵ĿһƷ֮ϲֳֵ֮֮ģûһ˷˵
ΪĴͷӣֵһʱԭɵĵӷ׷Χ˵һǰ£˲Ϊʲô
ԭ⾫ɾһƷŻˮĸ֣ԼƬı˶ʱףЩĴھȻʮǰˮĸǧ˿ƵϵŻ֮пܾʮǰʧٵˮĸ
Ҫ֪ʮǰġˮĸͳɡȻ˶֪֮˥ԵɣһҶ֪Ǳˮĸ֮һϡ䱦
νΪΪʳͽΪ˵õȻƷŻ֮Сʱ˵һĻˡǱƷϾȻû޾̬Ԫص˳ˢȥһ棬Щص˱̺ڵ
˵ˣȴҲֹֹǰҲкü˴أн𵤺ڵĸֻ֣ûһȥġ˽˼侲ʼ
֪ЩϢ綼ɵüͷֵµǹĥһ֮ʵӲ٣ɵԾԾԵ
ֵܶһԣǲˮĸɣٺһЦ
ţֳ˵öԣֵҪһԣҶ˾㲻УȫҲǲѡҲЦ
öҲö˵Ҳ˼ʲô̧ͷλѼȻԸһԣСЩԳˮĸţ˵а취Ŷ롣
ţ̵ѣ˻棡Լ˸ðѾѵãû뵽羹Ȼ˵ⷬ
һ伮֮пˮĸĽܣȻֻֻƬɲ꣬ȴɰܹóˮĸţɰܹһЩ۽ȥ
ã̫ˣˣ̵ѿҪ׼ˣֵȥȥ
Хֵܻ
ֵܱ츳ڹ°빦Ƕóϻ֮֮ȫ֮ʱܹƵԪӤݱܷâ
ֱֵأڳǾ̾ǳЦһ˵Ŀⶼֵܶˡ
Ȼͼö˸ճ嵽ŻʱƷŻƾһЩ͵һšʮͷʽԪޣÿһͷԪ޵ƾȻǽ𵤴Բ硣Ǹһ֣צĳɱ
ֵܼ״ȴǺ⣬͵ΪһǹӰնɱͷ͵Ԫޡ
ûǱʾһ»ϲ͵ĶʮͷԪޣɳ˹
ֻǳԾȴû̫ӦһԱΪɲһв֪ϲǾȣ³ˮĸ


ڰ˾ ˮĸ
һɵóһѵܹˮĸŲɣ
ʱһż㣬˴һˮͷ˳ȥȻֱӳֵԪ޵ս֮С
̵ѣѵǴ˵еˮĸôа취򿪣дϲ֮ɫ
ʮˣˮĸվͽλȫְɣдᶨޱȵĻͬʱ˫ǰһƬˮѸһξӨޱȵˮ顣
һɫˮĸ
һ⣬罫ˮ鳯ƷŻϴȥ˳Ծǣһοˮ龹ȻֱӶ˺üͷӭͷԪޣŻеġˮϡ
һ⻪ӡˮϷųѸչŻһֵͬŻǿտնھȻˮ·һƬԨĴڡ
ˮĸˮĸ˵ˮĸĹűˮĸƣ֮ʱͬԨ
ϢԣޱȵֱʥػҪãֻˮĸˮĸ˶һˮĸ߻ɴϢİѰһھܳ꣬°빦°빦
ԣˮĸ伮ϰ
Ҳ֪˭˹Ķԭȵ˶ʱӵ𣬳ˮĸų˹ȥ
ֵһԪ޷ߣ˵ʲôȴһ̧һ
λѲżˮĸŲ򵥣Ҳʩչֶν֮һ϶򿪻ȻҪأǳˣ
⻰ֵٲ˵ʲôƣ֮ı仯
ȻһΪˮĸŵĿȥͬʱֹԪٴǵأǧͷͳɱ
˵ǰ֪źʲôʱ˻ԸΪһõĿȥһֵ̣ܣ綼֣˴˵еˮĸšﻹ˱ܣһ׷׽ֶʩչ
ˮĸǰǧŸɵĵˣų⽣Ӱɵħ壬һǶԼݣͬһĿģǾǳԪ޵赲ˮĸ֮Уõʮı
˲Ϣ֮䣬߾ͳһĿҰĵĸӵܷӳǧǵصĺȥһͽԪ޽ɱһɡһκֻһɡκԶ뷨ͺɱԪޡ
ܿ죬ԪҲչ׶צħʿ彻սһ˵ս൱ߴĵӶǻ֮ͨ嶼ЩֻԪ޲ͬʹ
ʮ½ԪߴӵϡͬʱһˮĸһšлûԪ޵ơ
Ԫ޲£뵽Ҫ޾ԪޣһߴӶ׷üͷʱԴӿˮĸ֮ûжֵһٴʩչֶ
һɫɢԪ
һˮ빬֮ϣʱһ㽫ǼûԪ޵Ԫû˸ˣһԪۡҲûϵҧһֱӷ֮ϣٴʩչֶȡԪ
Ȼοܹ赲סԪ޵ԽԽԪۣȴҲֹ֪ܹһʱҲһֱֹȥһֹܹ˻ûнˮĸţ¾Ҳȥˡ
Ⱦģԭбʵ˼ٲ֣׷׽ֵֶʩչһͷͷԪ޳ڵӣܿͱƳԪɢȻ֮ߴĵҲˣֻԪޣȴռ˾Եơ
ģԭ赲ˮĸǰԪѾֳ϶ʱٶȵʿݹ⣬Ԫ޵谭һͷˮĸȥֻһ˱ʧŻ֮в
ԭԪ޶񶷵ﻹɵɵĳ׷׳һݹŻȥˡ
һ˳ŻʣĵӲʵ¾Ƕ̫ʱԭѹŴԪ޾ȻƾƿʼİϷ硣
Ϊ;ڵĴͷʦʹʦֵ֣ܲûг˻ߣصһ֮С
ľʦܣҪæ΢΢һЦȻһȻʦ־ͨ󷨣˵ʵȴ̫ǿ
һ֪Է˼΢΢һЦѷллʦ㣬Ȼʦҹǳ˼ٶȵķֳǺãͲ鷳ʦˡ
˵ͷҲٶ˵ʲôһ˵Ĵ֮£𣬳ˮĸųȥ赲ǰԪȻεס֣һɱһѪ·
ûܿʵŻĵӼ״֪ĻᣬϷŹֱӸһ˺棬ˮĸųȥ
һ֮һһˣͬںʮɵһͬûˮĸ֮ȥˡ


ڰ˾ й
ˮתڿˮĸŵһ̣һԼһһƬˮ磬һȥǿ߼ʵˮ棬мֺ˼ֻȴ˼ˮֻǵļƲ֪
ڳٶĵˣԭأǲ֪ߣΪ˼䲢ûʲôĴڣϢ˷һ޶
ҲˮߡֻǴ˴ˮȴǷͬѰЩԵ˸ոˮбܿǳԾӡ
һͷһʶˮȥʱоˮ澹Ȼٱƽ⣬ܹĥʶʱŵæջʶ̽
ˮԾˣˮĸ˵ˮĸˮƣÿһ֮䶼ˮ㡣ˮųˮ֮ǧиʴԪжˮˮ壬ҲǧѰ𵤸βһҪľСԽˮԽǿҪͨһһ㣬ûֻܿÿһ㣬ܹͨǰǶɽٸ֣˸ֶƿս롣ˮĸûֱӱħɸֹ룬ˮ֮ˮȻͬ죬ֻǿϧˣﱾؾȴܶãƳɷСˣ
һ˼䣬ǱԼɼˮĸŻٴηɽӰ֮㷢һԹ⣬ͬǶ֮ǹžȻȻҪٴιرա
ڳڵӶһȻ϶ԥ֮ɫȴûһ˶ҪءϾ뱦ɽֵ飬˭ҲԸ⡣ˮĸǽıɽŪһ㶫ȥ¶һõˡ
ܻܲȥǷǲģϾдӵţǰܿˮĸţ˵ȻٴοŵֶΡ
áۡһˮĸǳ׹رգͬʱǸ߲񷶥Ϻһ⻪Щ⻪еֱУеƮڿСɢ⻪þȻһööˮƣ顮ˮĸ֡
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һˮĸѶϢȻ֪ʲôֱӵõƵ֮һơˮĸ棬ɹ׭дš㡯֣Ƶıˡ
üһйˮĸƾ֤Ҳˮĸӵšֿˮĸӣѵʮˣֱڻ࣬ѹ֣ѹ֣ѹܹͳޱ޼ʵĶȺ޽µʱˮĸڻҪǿһɣ
һٽƷһޱȵķĳڱ档Լ֮ˮĺۼֻͨˮοҲ
ʱһԶһͬǺĵŵġйơ˸Źâͬʱһˮˮ𣬵սһƣһˮĤƺʲôˮ洫˿ֿûУֱӾͱˮȥˡ
һĻ˳Ծѣǿˮ֮ǱˮĤ㲻ˮӰһ㣬ֱ·ȥȻдͨԵɡ׷׿ټСйơˮ⳯ˮȥ
ƾȻͨƣҿ˲ܽˮĸܵõֻܸɿ
Ҳ֪˭һУʱ˶йȥ
ˣһҵģǶҹҸѪƵɱ
Сӣƣһҳ鰡
ҵƣҪ
һʱ֮䣬ƣеƣڳʱһ࣬ûǰԸԪ޵
Ϊһ˲ûܵκţǡɵǣһм˶СйơûеҲڵһʱƻ
˵ͷλʦʦãҲ߰ɣ
⻰Ȳ˷׷׽ƸһˮĤ·ȥ
һĿľҪﵽһأΪм䴫УȻҲԸڴ˴ͷһ㼤Ƴ·ȥʱһѪӲɹ
һɫӼЦųһ𵤳ڣˮĸҲ˷ѣƽңͷһ·
Ѫϴ¥ĵӣΪħڵˮ׼ǲμƣֻн𵤳ڵһȻҲõƣû̿ʱ⣬׼˽ˮе˲䣬һʱһȡйơ
һһξһأдУû뵽ԼȻᱻ˴١ͷһѾˮ£Щ˷ʱ䣬ֻǵ˵ҹɣûɱˣ


ڰ˾ ٴ
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ڤ粻飡һֱ֪߲һҲƣַֻ̧ųһֺϣϰٵӰѸײڶٶֱӳɱѪǰһһʣ㽫ǳɱŨѪ⵱顣
ôܣԼֶһ涼ûгסѪϴ¥Ӿڵ
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Ȼ֣һ㲻׼ָ֣һٵ⽣Ӱ˲ֺΪһһ貹⻪ͬ׹ֱӳѪϴ¥ɱ˹ȥ
һּֿݲѪϴ¥˿ɣնն鷨£ֱţ̴ţһѪֱۡӹᴩһȭͷСƿں󣬻һԲ»صһС
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ԼĿĴﵽһҲ˵ʲôһſˮĤͳ·ȥ
ˮ֮УһȻûиоһˮѹԪģֻҲɣˮĤܵһֱȥ
ˮĤ֮Уһ⻪ͬ·ȥǰˣ滹ʱˮУ֮⣬ĵĹͬ·ȥ˵ͨĵˮĸų·ȥˡ
õúܣˮĸͨоأҪ㹻ܴһĴţϣǲҪʧźá
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ʽƽﻹΪڶħŵӾȻԼ߽һЩֵܺһ·ĺʮ죬ǿԼǿһҲһɲС
֮⣬һΪرǾԺƼΪףƼӵԼͶƼҵĺӡһȻ٣ҲݺӣΪͷľԪӤ֡
ڸۼ֮ɡħȻ㲻ƾУҲɶ֮ơкƼһ֧ŹֵĶڳʽ˷롣ʱԭӵֳֻʣˮ֮
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ѵǷҵݲɣع⣬񲻳ʸ֮ġᣬű䣬̤ѩ޺۵ˮȴֶ˵ǡǿûУҪ֣¾Щ鷳ˣ
һʱǾĬڱһŲƣ֮еˮվһͷ˫ǣףֲֳָ棬̤ģһƣͬ棬ƾȻļ۷壬ǵһ֮еĸ֡
һֱ˾ԭǺ֮УˮȺһӣŽơ
ƴ𵶵վ룬ҰһĿӵز˵Ҳ֪ˣǴ˵УʮǰˮĸˡҪ֪ˮĸͳҽһȱԹΪǰΪˮĸΪˮĸҵ²֮˵ˮĸ˷磬ˮĸҲ˥䣬ҽһ廹ڣ廹ڣǻ̳ˮĸ˵־Ըٴνˮĸȥ󡣹ʶϣλĵѲҪűԶȥҽһ壬Ҫָˣ


ڰ˾ һ
⻰˵ʲôΪˮĸʯʲô־ˮĸڲҪȥȻȻһЩԴǣȻζϸһ룬ȴ©Ķ࣬治ͬ˶пɾ͸ôһˡ
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˻һ˺ЦħһȺˣָָƺѡһ㡣
ν˲˲Ҷ̡һǼֽҶ̡Ϊһӣ̵סɫһŭһֲһһ㣬ʱһ⾢ķֱȥ
һɾǽƺŭ֣ǿᣬʮ㣬ˣԱ߼Ц˶ŹֱһƬˣҪȥ
ۼǽҶ̵ͬһȺ˾ҪֻһЦһԴһԴа֮ǻԹ⻪ֱӵǲ徢ǰһʱͬھ
ƶʱŭһָŭаҵңҹսٻغϣ
һɫ԰ףͬȴǹһ˿аЦڶһϣֵӲطŭĳֻǾԮŵӰˣڴսٻغϵҲǲԣֻҴս֮󣬿ҪıˮĸĿľͲʵ˰ɣ
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ңңѽӰˣ˴νǺˣܹǱǶһ壬Ҳܹõٺô
ߣʲôôҪ̳ˮĸ˵־̳ˮĸЩ廹ǾȥúáƲ
Ӳؽ˵ˣ˵˵ǸξΣ˫ô
һ⶯аټӼѻ𣬺˵һ֮ͨ󣬶˵ħϸϸʲôȥˡ
ȴ˵ɵ߼ħ˫飬ʱЩ궯Ȼ;࣬ħҪһ³Կľɵˡ
ߣħħҲ֣Ȼͬ۵ļһߣȻҪϣȳ֣һֲ˵ռȡƺߺߵĽе
˵ҲǣһȺħûһöᣬһÿǵõˮĸɵ޳ͷ֮ˡҲΪ޳ɡ
λ˴ɵȻǿռţħȴ˲٣Ǿʹ˳֣˲أЩɸǶϾǧ֮ڶѸԪçײȴǲǣҵȽջǿƽʱ򣬲Ƕ֣ƣ
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˵һκƼ´ΥɵּվҺһܹȰ򣬵ʱҲ֮ħ׶֡
⻰ǡһֵ֣ȻƼһγԶʳȴҲÿڣֻõ˵ͷ
絹ո˵ֻƼһںƼλϽֻƼҳȴôȰġһּۻۣȻûн
ʱԭħȻ궯ܿ죬;ȻںϣΪһһǧ˵Ĵӣɵ߽һǧ˵Ķ飬Ȼ˲١
⣬ħϲҪˣ׼ӭһۺǾڵӣ׷׶һ⻪ۣ׼ʱ֡
ɫҲÿҲȰ˵ǺƼˣرֵԼζԸֶ
ս¿νһ˵עսϣǺƼϣƴ˶ԭһϵ۹Ų
ûᣬɰڴһˣ
һȵľʱ£ڳУ󶯷һѪָγû䵽ͻһѪƮɢһУɫʱһףһָֻ˹
һУһȻοȴҲԸ̵һСˮػءԵѹˮĸ֮ҲǾĴڣʿʩչֱӽɸɿӣңûӤԪҲҪһزָܻأҲգȥҲֻһܹãΣܹʹЩ˸ĴȴҲԸˣˮĸˣΪ˾һҪһ


ڰ˾Ű ˮĸ
һͷòɱĴսڳΪߵͣ˶ͷһ˵ڳ˭ڿ飬ǳһ֮⣬ֻкƼҵļλˡ
ʦ֣Ƕ׷ˣһȺˮĸô֣ѵǻûнô
ⲻӦðˮĸǽˮĸʱӦñǸǣѵѾһˣˮĸ֮ˡ
λʦܲػţңˮĸʮ꣬ˮĸȻ粻ʱ֣ѵǲʲôô
ףǰȷʵ֣ˮĸҲܹ˼䣬͸ˣôȵʱⲻϳѵʦ˼
룬һȺˮĸһǻһν˼棬Һпܾڱŵ֮С
ţȻǴʦĿˣУǽСʣõˮĸ֮Ȼ˸һõˮĸ
Ŀ꣬ҵһֻǲȷڻæǴݾ˷áһսǺûᣬҵȿԳ̽ȷߺߣˮĸҪպˣ
ô֮УŵĻҲǻϲ֮⣬ץסǡˮĸԼνӹˮĸ
ϣɵһֵܺ棬ħĸСֵǻƢһϳħֽͣ̾Ҫ
ڣռƵħȴˣҪɵȥҪЮսһɵӾ¾ȵ£νЭҲֻ޼գ˫ظսʼ
ʱһƮޱȵϢȻٳУһʱ䣬ƮƮϼɣ컨׹ӿڶ֮УһƮȻ𣬱֮һׯŮӵӰ
Ůɣɫ̬ȣ״ӺݣɫͰаһеζ·֮һĸԵļϡ
ڳа˼⸱ĸµ󣬴ĵ㷴˼
ˮĸ
֪һʱ˶ѹһٿŮӰȻ˵ˮĸˮ֮ĸһ޶
һ뵽ܾʮǰͳϰڳ˾վסͨһӾ͹˵һ˱еڶˣӵܣϴ඼ˮĸ£һࡣԴдһˮĸľηˮĸӰﻹվסʱ͹һƬ
Ҫ˵ڳ𾪵Ī֪Լˮĸ֧ĺӣǺƼҼλϣˮĸľãҪնɱˮĸռˮĸ
ˮĸˮĸʮǰ˸֣ôᣬôܡʦ֣˵ͷɽ磬ôܳ
ܣˮĸ϶ӵ飬ܷɻһҲķ񣬲Ƿ񣬿ҪȡˮĸҪˡ
⻰༸ɫʮѿȴұֳΪǶ֪˵ķ²Ѱ֣һָͷܹǡ
˺Ƽҳ˼⣬ĽܳӶ˽ƺӰ٣Լô졣ֻǲ٣ڳûһ˸ҿڣǴҳһڡ
ʸ¿ˮĸˣСŮˮĸ֧ӣˡʱΪŮ֮繧һ򸣣ȿʵ
⻰˶ջ˼̬һһСŮӣȴǷ·ˮĸŮӵĴ𰸡
ˮĸӰ⻰תͷǹһ˿ǳЦӣ΢ˮĸˮĸȴңֻǵˮĸһˡ
õ𰸣ڳǼ໶ϲ˼Ƭ̣ٴʵԭˮĸˣ֪ǷҵȽˮĸˮĸ˵İϢˣҵȥǡ
ˮĸԣҡҡͷҲҲһ񣬱ΪӭˮĸǰʲôϢϢγ֣ǸӦˮĸ֮٣ָˡ
ʲôˮĸߣ⻰ȫʱͷˣ˭Ҳ벻ʮǰʧˮĸȻдߡ
ˮĸӰû·ӣɿڵؾޱ䣬ʮΪڣˮĸвϾˮĸҪ£ңˮĸξҪѡԼĴߣ̳ˮĸһУͳǧ飬Կ⼴Ľѣ


ڰ˾ž 
ʮؾޱ䣡
ˮĸس
ˮĸ̳ߣ

һһĴʻ˵һذըڳ˵ĶУʱĿɿڴǰʮһӰˮĸĸܳҲʱŷ˲١
ʮǾܣѰ˸Ͳ֪ˮĸʮǰ춫Կٵ١ڳ˵ǣˮĸ˵ƺҪһߣȾдߡ
һ뵽ܹ̳ˮĸܹõˮĸĴУܹһٳΪͳ°һڳ˶ˣǺƼҼж̰Ĺâ
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˻һ˰޳ܣͬʱиѧں˵Ҫ̳ˮĸˮĸǸ˵ҪˮĸͳõͳϾ˵ΪΪı
̶ʱ䣬ϰ˺޳ܵĽЩ˵ڣд˻Ÿ޳ܵĻһɵðҡͷЦѡ
ˣ޳ܣЩˣҹˮĸׯʥ֮أЩɹĵط˵ϻˮĸʥҽƾͽնˮĸˡˮĸˣСƣǽһ壬̷ˮĸңعˮĸˮĸ¼ȻСʵ£ˮĸ˴·СԸΪˮĸ̳ˡ
ֺ˵ʯȵķȻ˱ģΪҲҶ˵ʲôҪǣҲ֪Ϊˮĸ̳߾ô򵥵飬Ҳϸһθ˵
ˮĸ͵ĳƵ˵ͷҪΪˮĸļ̳ȻǷˣʮǰұ㶨¹أֻҪܹﵽ̳ΪˮĸˣˮĸأΪ֮أ˵Ҳ򵥣˵ҲѣǾǽˮĸھŲ㣬֮еõˮĸǧĴм䣬ˣˮĸԶ˾ӵˮĸˡ
ˮĸŲ㣡
ǧļ䣡
ܳΪˮĸˣ

Ҷû뵽ȻôһغҪһʱ䣬ٴηˡԳԾԾԵıֱϳھŲ㣬õǧĴм䣬Ӵ˳Ϊɨ¡
ˮĸˣֻôˣ̫ôüͷ΢壬Щ⡣
⻰ˮĸ΢΢һЦ£˵Ҳ򵥣˵ҲѣֻǶ˵ʱ䲢ˣʵǽ֮ǰһ˽ˮĸˣ
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˵ǰһ̴һεõˮĸΪ֮Уһ̣һ˿воѹͷһ˾Ȼǰͳˮĸ½ڸǣһȺѾǰ棬ǳΪˮĸĻᡣ
Ծ棬ɫѿĪںƼҼλϡͨһЩ߱ɹһԼһЩǡˮĸǰ˹ؿҲ룬ֱ϶Щ˲ǡˮĸ
ǹȻˮĸˣǵõˮĸҺƼҸ˵ϣûˣ
ˣˮĸзͬСɰ˵ֱ֮һڸ֣ʱ̼οϸǵֵ˵ֱӽǽȥ
ҪţˮĸķǾ˵Щ˲ûеõˮĸǻлᣬҿǲˮĸǵõһЩ伮ˡǺпܽǴܣˮĸеġ
մ꣬ƼҴϷԸ˼䣬ֻ𣬳緽ȥ֪˵һʲô֮󣬾ȻźƼ˹뺣֮Уһʱ֮䣬ɵħľ롣
ˣԾڴˣҸȥˣ֮˵õҵĴУٳ֡һ䣬ˮĸӰһɢ
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һһķչȻԼ룬ͷʮֵ⡣ʱһ͵ԺС
ʱѵƾ򿪣ֻʣʱ䣬ɰڴһ٣ľЩˣΪ֮ɣ
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һһáˮػءģˮĸһ뵽ԼģˮĸȻԼЩֱ治ʱףвȫԼĹͣҲˮĸһݷˡ
ԭˣˮĸΪҲ˲ģ˵ֻܿԼˣ
뵽һ˼ͬһ㣬ǲʼơҲˡ̶ʱ䣬óɣɵ͵Ĵ߶Ԫע֮УʹƲ


ھ 󴳹
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Իûޱ߳ˮգѪ죬ǶħӰӰһ˫ɫ̰ǣͬʱǵصֱӹˮĸ֮С
һȴҲˮĸĴšʱ̷Ӧ˲ϢǴҲһùڣͬͭǽһ㣬Ȼߵƥ󷨵סһʱ䣬һײÿһһԪӤֵȫһ
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úһȻûдƽƣͷΪԾһ뵽ʱ˵УͳˮĸҲȻˡȻȻõˮĸеĻǰһĻᣬ˭ҲϷġܿ죬ƽϢԪʼ˵ڶ
ڵӣƽ죬ǰˣ
ƿգƿգ

ųĵڶɹ͸ںǰһɲ֮ǿһ֡޾ҹĳˮĸźȥֻһڻӣˮĸ粻Ƴǣ̩ɽĽһֵ
Ȼ֣˭ҲԸ;ϣõڶɹûܽߴӺܿ֯ιĴι
Ȼ򲻸ˣεʱȵһιǿ˽ɵʱˮĸϹںһȻˣڵڰ˴εʱһ˿˿Ƴڹ֮ϣڣڵʮκʱֻһ춯صը죬סŵĹڵѿ
ˮĸʧȥ˹ڻӣ¶ǰǸղźƹĤ֮ĹֱڹϡˮĸʲôƶɣʵʵȻ˵˿ֻǡ֨һ죬ʮɸߵĹŵ϶һ˿ķ϶
ȻΪˮĸŵļӲԾŴ󿪣϶ԳοЦʱ˭ҲԸͣԼġһȣߣߴӶʱɢΪˮĸŵķ϶ȥ
϶Ȼ߶ȴʮɣ㹻ͬʱʮϰͨǧҲʮϢĹ㾡ͨˡ
ˮĸţһֺĵóǰȻһۿȥĲǡȫһߡһߣҲ˵̾ѡ
ֻͬǣֺĵ֮г˸еĽûʲôɫʣһжȾһߵɫЩĸоƺһĹĹһ㡣
һϢ赲˵봫˵֮ͬһڣȻд󲿷˶ţҪѹһƤߣݸ߲ſϸݡ
һΣ֪ǱˮĸׯϺˮĸ㣬ǸˮĸĴйʲôΪʲôݣ˶ס̰˼ûж࿴ۣɿĳͨһͨڸȥ
һ룬֮ƺ̲֮ռ䣬һ˱֪ˮĸĴͨ
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νϽȻ˵˼ͬʱĿȴһ£ǧʿӳԱ˺ڸ֡ⲻǰͷͬһ㣬һصĴŽҲƣͨͨƽ̨ϡ
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ûжã˱㷢ÿɱһͷԪޣԭ۳һͷһ޶ԪȻԪޱɱʮֲңԼһռϷ硣֪ǳǿʱ˼Ԫȴ޾뵽ͷҲһ


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ⲻԪ˿ʮغͲ⣬һ֮ͨһоûˡ
ƬȻȫƬɱôԪޣҲõöƬȻÿһͷԪ޶һöƬԪӤƬ̫˼ˡһΪԪ޴ﵽһǿȣŻƬϣΪǿԪޡˣԭͲʵνԪ޸һտӣƬĺġߵĹϵͬģߺһ㡣ĸԴģ֮УֻҪǡܹͨģܡܾ㻵ˣһˡʱˮĸ֮УԪ˵ԴԴϣʶƬԲϵԪǡȻˣɱ˶Ԫޣɱ͸˵󷨣ƽˣ
뵽һͷһ֪ģҲ׳нİ취еƬֻƬν겻ͬǲκӡĴڣһִģͬһĶ
ΪʿԳգѡãҪ֮𣬿±ֶҲһܹɹ˵ⶫǿĺñ˭Ҳ᲻ý֮
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УǼȥնɱٶȿٶȣǿܹ󷨣ҲѵʱҲԶԶˡ
һȻżȴңһͷ뷨׷ӿ֣ϵײǻ۵ĻֻǶƬ˽Ҳ࣬Ψһ뵽ıǽ֮ʹ䲻ԪԪޡ
ֻҪʹƬҲʮֵһǾӡ֮У֮롣
ƬȻٺòֻںϣ⼸ǧöƬѰ𵤸֣Ҫ˲Уһ壬ȫ壬Ψһֻǻûͽҳ֣ܰںһƬ¶Ǻ
һΪѵʱԱһ𵤳ڵĵӱһͷԪ޴͵ϮҽһͷԪ޼úôٴγһ˹
һһ̧һʹʮֳһԪɱ˹ȥ
ΪɱޣԲһڶ౦֮УͷԪޱֵ˭֪ոϣһ˽ɷ֮ĽԪᣬȴӲ쳣飬һöԪ˱
һͨһ㽫һöƬҪܣͷЦһܲˡϿһӡȭͷСһöħӡֱӰȥ
ħӡش֮һŶʮ˳֣Ҳ˲˼򣬷ԽԽ
ĳ̶ȣȻȫסƬСתһͬʹҲֹܹƬݣһʱӲȻα겻αҲĿǰЧֶΡ
ʱоһ˿ͻȻ̨֮УʼصıҶȻĿǰĵӡ˵ҲǳˣԴ֮ƺŹյ̼ǲɱģֻҪڸ궼ᱻǣȻΪ֮Դ
ƽһҲע⣬һöƬ֣Ժʱһͷ
ãããǴ˾ܳɹǲܹ⣬пҵķŹؼһﵽɵһľ磬³Ϊɱ
һһԥĽסƬķħڣ̨֮С͵һڶȻ֮еԱߡ
䣬ն
֮䣬仯ķ׷ȴǹƬעǵ֮С
һĵǱڶȻԵ϶ʱɽ⣬Գԭ̬ϥ
ɰڴһ٣Ƭ
ǵ˴˫һ߾âһţ͵һ㽫ƬͬħһͬУϵľ׽ΣǽðǿʢϢƺ֮ǰûʱǿһ֡
ã̫ˣ취Ȼܳɣ
һͷϲѣǵջرҶ֮Уͬʱһ뱴Ҷ顢ǧӰֳ˼ԪӤӰ½𵤣ٹȣ죬Ƿʱնɱ֮ˣʱʲôݣͬĬĬоģ֮
Сת꣡
һ̣һķãһ˼ɱԪޣһ߶Сתһ˶ޱȵת֣ת


ھ ˮĸ
ڳ˶ŬնɱԪޣʱһֻ֮һ̨֮дһʱ䣬˶걾ԴȻ΢΢һɵͷһ̽飬ȴֲ˰ӰֻõٴȫȫնɱԪ
ʵʱȻʲô£һͨӾ֮УÿÿնɱһͷԪޣݳƬԪΪԪޣΪģСתų˹׷Ͷ̨֮С
ʱ̨УͬյıҶϣӰʱͣоſһСƬͻ
ÿÿһƬǵӰʵһ֣͵һǣ⻪ʢڱҶϵλöϷһλΡӦֻһ̾ȻͬѰʿһ˽ļ
ŽӰԽԽ֮࣬ҲɼӣҶϵù⻪Ҳҫҫ̨ͷⷭݣصҲչ֦ҶһƬƬҶһ˿߻صͨһ֡
ܵƬȻܴʹŹһϲãҪһãһʯ񰡣
һͬʱҲ˲Ծԭ̾Ԫ޾Ȼζû˻ΪԪĵطȥˣɱһ֮ȴԪ޵Ȼ
ԭ˶ʱϣһնɱԪޡǺƼλϱֻ弶Ԫ޲ܹնɱ֮󣬱͵ķֻյ蹦նɱ˸ɾ
ԪӤƬȻͬһ̨λӶԪӤӰԭһԪӤӰͬƬ֮ǿͷ̾Ϊ
ǿһͷԭԪӤڶӰƬ̾ͳƷ飬ԪӤڵˮ׼ʹҶ֮һȼ
ȻŹûпһоڽӽһԲ״̬һҪˬöҪ
ܿ죬˾ͽԪնɱһҲһĽƬȡȻЩδҲ֪ǰΪҪļ䴫УԥĿ֮Уһƽ
ܿ죬Ĳ㹬Ҳ򿪣һӿ룬ҵͨͳȥ
˵Ĳһ㣬˱䱸ѸһС󷨡ȻԪٴγ֣һ弶Ԫʮͷ֮ļӳ֣ŵסԪ޵ĳܿɱ
һﻹͰĽСתſ˱Ҷ꣬ƬȻһ̨Ҳǿ֮ɡɨԪޣƽƣ㡣
ȻҲԪޣһǸողúһЩƵʱ򣬱ͷԪһΣԭҲߴڳ˴ˣپʬ壬ų˵Ĵš
һҲͷЩȻֻ뵽ˣҪΣˣĳӲٲ
С߲ʱԭΪиԪޡֵǣһ㾹ȻûмԪ޵ӰȻˣ˵ȴûɶ٣Ͼδ֪ΣղΣա
ˮĸΪİ˴صеصأǰһ·ԽԽѣ濴ȫȴû׼ʲôյĶ
ɻʱһİ˷һһܣȴķ֣Żǰĵ߲ƽ̨Լƽ̨վŵˣһ̾ȻʧˡʱޱеһɼСϡ
ףʲôѵǻɣ
һ̧һ㣬һνȥֱӴСϡֻһը죬СʱֱСֱӷ佦ľͳˮȥ
ţûһļѵ⾹ȻǻʵĴڲɣ
һæˮĸἰĻжڵ߲ûʲôʵ󺣣ֻ˵ռ壬Σյǿռѷ죬ֱӾһϣȫһľһȿռ䣬УάֿռɢȻ˷ų
ԾǲԾԴӵĲ֮ʮֲԾˡĲ㣬͵ȻӦԪ޵ĴڣӦƬ߲㱾Ӧǿռ壬Ȼһֻֿܣһˮĸڿңûнеܶңڶˮĸˮĸ޷Ԥ䣬ô¡
ǰһ˵黹ˮĸ֮ڣٴ⣬ӦöкſߡǺһˮĸܰգķչ¾͸ܰˡ
뵽һɫЩѿʱĵ׾׶һ˿Σյĸоӿͷ


ھ ռ
ֶΣյԤξȹʱΣͻ֣Ѿٵͷϣʯ֮䣬һҲ˲Σ˲һһεس
һ촫ⱻһһ˴ֱӱ׷ʡɢͷɢһڽ֮УϾȻһѪۣһѪ
գȻһռѷ죬ҺõķɽǽʼӲޱȣֱɷ֮ӳ֣һ¾͵˽ˣ
һΪµʱһ˷ԭҰУȻģͻζĸо
ãռѷ֮Ȼȿռ䡣
һԼ˽ڿռЩ˽⣬ڤʮ̫ӵȿռ֮Уʶһϳ
ֻõضĿռ𵱳ʮ̫ӵʮ˵ס˵ģ˵ÿռֱѹٶ£û˱ȿռֱӱռ֮ѹ⣬ĿűϾ
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Ѹѹÿռ֮һʶͨͨһ̽ͨԼ֮佫ȿռķΧͷٴһһνֱָȿռĿյȥ
ȿռȻѹ֮ƣٶҲǼ죬һԽѰԪӤٵĽ˵ȴ㲻ʲôգۼ䣬һͻΧֱӳȿռ㡣
ֻǻûһ˿Ұ֮УһԼɼĻɫһƬͻأĳǰ
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һӶҪǰֻһռѷͲҪǵأܲĿռѷ죬һͷײȥֱʮΰٶζǲܡ
ֻǱǰҪõǣһ׼˶ֶοǿռѷĴڡˣҲ˿ͣٴһ𽣶ݣΧȥ
⽣Ľ֮ٶȿ֮⣬ޱȣʺڴ֮ʱµĿռѷɣʮͻأĳǰۼҪײȥѰ·ÿÿȹͷתһ㣬һ˼תۣ
ֻһʮֲǣ˶ã˶ٿռѹռѷ죬ǰܻиĿռѹռѷ죬·Զûһͷӡ
ãǳȥԪӯҲĴʱҲӲһˣ⻹ʲôأ˵ˮĸˮĸΪ˴ȥҲһǰѵ
һͷһ͵Ľһפ̵תһһٰʮȵ䣬ķȥ
ˣˣǷҲ޾ĲÿռͨǴ˼䱾ֽ֮һȿռ䣬ȿռضѹĹؼڡһƬΨһıǵСһпռ䶼ƻС֮ģ֮䶨Ȼйϵ
˺ðΣһڻصԭСڣۿȥﻹʲôʯСеֻһĶڣȻ뵱ʱϽ뽣ڣ֮еǺڶʮơ
ãȻûǹؼڣֻҪƻһڶпռͨȻɢˡ
ҵؼڣһԼֶζͷһ飬ȴƽֶΣܹõľȻֻֻֽֽͨͨƽֻΪֶΣûԵй˵ԸһͬȼĴڡ
ѵֱӿֽͨӲɣСʲô취ʱһڻǿʼС
Сԣһ׹ˮĸ֮зɳ˿һڶҡҡͷĿռͨޱȣҲѲ˴з顣˼Ŀռͨ˼ʿãǿҲƤëѡȻҲֻǽڣ޳˽һռ֮Ǿ˲ͬˡҪӲԿռ֮Կռ֮Ҳǲܡֻ˴ռ֮ǿ࣬ҵؼڣƾֽӿռǿȱҪƽ⣬Ҳϼѣǡ
ʲôһæʵ
С׼һü΢Ըһֽӿռ䣬ʱڱ޴Ŀռ֮ſܺһȿռ䣬ֻһĽӿռֱӱϡ˵պܹؿռ䣬ҪٻѲٿ๤


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һȻҲףҪ飬һҪۣû뵽˸ɴ࣬ȻҪԼӿռ䡣һ뵽ȴŴм䣬ǲܵõоΣյҲ˲ôˡ
ؿؿɣǻһӿռ䣬㻹ǳ£ٺҲˡСףͽǱӿռֶνҰɣ
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һõ򣬶˵㿴ΣɫȻͳеˮĸһ£øOO@@Ż޵ĽȻ½ӿռ𣬽괢ĶŪˣȽЩˮĸ֮С
һУٴˮĸ֮ȡֱһöȭͷСĳɫʯһƿĵҺ壬һźҴСӣһöɫʯԼһ͸ŽҺ塣Ǵеľǳɫʯ֮
ֽӣݻռ䣬ֻأش
һһһ˦֣һţԼһҴСĺڶֳ͵һ㽫бֱС
һдʣһ׷״ɫĹâӺڶ֮ҫΣ۵ļʵʵй⻪Ȼ͵һǣʼڶ֮Ǵ֮ŴȭͷСͣ
ƽʱ򣬼Լһͨ˷ɿǿһ¸˵ЦһΣϵû˿
ֱӿռ˿ǿһüͷһһ׶ɫָ̫ɳֱӳӿռȥһ̫ͬ͹֮Уй⻪֮һ֮ںʱ֮ǣѹУԭƽ˲
ľˮдתռԡ
һһһɹԪ߶ϧĹӿռ֮УʹԭΪвȶĽӿռҲŲסԲεĺڶͬƣֱӱһɹɿռԽӿռΪķ˳
ãɰڴһ٣Ӹ𣬿ռѣ
һȻ̧һУΪӿռ串γɵĿռѷ죬ųһڶȥ
ȿռͿռѷĺڶܽӽͬǿռѷӰ죬֪ٿռѷ죬ֱӺںڶϡԭȹ̻ԲĺڶյһɲгĿռ֮ʱһ˿֣һϸϸƳڱϡ
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Ȼò̶ȵĽӿռ串𣬵ȻЧﵽĿģһҲΪϲֻĳɹռ䶼ȶҲͣæ𽣹⳯Զȥ
һηӵĹУռѷĳһҲѸһҲֻһ鷳ˡ
Ҳ֪ɳ˶ԶһŻͷȥǺڶڵķռ䶼Ťǽһӡ
ǣһ׹ӿռŤգۼɢضУһٶҲѲáֻĹ⻪һޱ޼ʵĺʧ֮ǿտ˵ˮĸ߲ƽ̨
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һ̾һʱտյƽ̨ϣһƾյ˳ߴʵڶӡܳĵӣƼ϶⣬һǱУ˶нϵΪµҪˤһƬ
ͬһʱ֣˶ƽ̨ϡֻǱƽ̨֮ʱ˼ˣȻһʧǵ̸֮Уһܿͽ˴š
ԭ˶һ㱻һƬ֮Сֻǲͬǣе˱ֱڿռ֮Уһһҵ۹ؼڡ
Щڿռ֮еҲ˵ʲôзڵΪܹƿһֿռ֮¾ֻԶȿռ֮С
һ㱻͵ڵˣȻֻѡһǸȥһƽۡӻŵ˿֪˼ˣֻǰ֡Ҳ˵Щˣ¶ΪҪƽȿռˡ
뵽һͷһӣԲ˵ӰҲһ㳾ȥǣܿƽ顣ٴμ˵У󷨣ʼ߲Ż
Ȼڵ͵߲ĲСʧĸɵҲֻǧˣҲǲС߲ŻĽ֮ǿ˲٣ʶȫ˺ðΣŴƽƣ򿪵߲Ĺš
ֻǹȻ򿪣ԭԥһȴԥˣϾǵ͵߲ôˣ滹еڰ˲㣬ھŲ㣬˵ѣҲһࡣ
һ뵽һ˾ͿԼռˮĸõеȴԼΪеȵĵӶԥ
ʱĴͨͻȻһӰڴ֮УȻĸɳϡ


ھ Ǻ
һڰϿͨд󲿷ֶǻڵӽģΪһ˾Ȼһ򲻹ܷһˮϡ
ˮɫȻƵĵ˵ͷû뵽ǾȻܹһ·Ϊǽʡ˲ʱ䡣ҿĲСͽЩϼһɣ⺣ȫڼǲڴ˹ͣģౣһڽĴսͶһĻᣡ
ͻȻðô೤ϣڵӶЩˣˮϿڱһĶ˵һ䡮⺣ȫڼʱڵ
Ҫ֪˵˶֪Ǻ֮ڶǺѾãߴڶأǧȻƣûзʲôս˭뾹Ȼڹϱȫ֡
Խڶˮ˸򸣣ˮϣ⺣ֵǴӺδ֪Ϊ⺣ʱ֣
ˮϼ磬˵ȴԱһĿĺ׵ҪʮѾа˸ǺǺѾȫ⺣ⲻȫʲôԭ򣬺ߺߣЩСһȻҵ⴫˵еˮĸҲ֪ǲŪȻǺܱ߽⺣ЩһôҲãܹƿˮĸԴﻹõأʮܹ꣬ȥ⺣ʲôʣʲôľɱˣǲʹأ
ǾڵĳϣԪӣԪӤڵΪȻǾڳϵĴͷˡ
뺣ϺãˮҲԪֻ˵꣬ŵ˵ͷԪӳ˵ʮ֮λˡ⺣Ҳ㳲˵ʲôܣҲΪˮĸҵߴַ׷׳֣ǸҲˣ񿴿ֵס⺣֡ʱ©ҵȷ˸ǰȡˮĸƿȨǳɹһŤתս֣⺣ϳǺȥ
λȻ̶̼䣬ȴǱһһشϢǰ⺣ѹǱ޵ķ񡢺ַ׷׳֣һʱ䣬Ժ֮лƳһľпܾɵġ
ͬ뵽ڵӻǳĬ˽Σʱ̾ʾͬ˵Ǽᶨ֮¶˷֮ų֮¶֮ɫ߽˥
Ȼ˵µֱУǵͷҡͷȴǳʱµӽй۲죬ǺӵģպҪǽģͷ
һʱ̣˽Ϣ꣬ˮٴοڵˣ֪Ҳ֪ĲˣǻȥʱˣѾú˴ʹÿԽͻظɡص֮滹һճ־õĴսأ
˵֮䣬ѾúãߴĳæԵӣһ֮봫ȥˡ
һͷһƬ֮󣬱˾ģ첽ߵˮǰеľԸΪˮĸౡ֮
⻰ڳӾǳһЩϴŲͬζĿһٲ
Сһæٺ٣㲻ǽ𵤳ڣܰʲôæǿȥɣأԪƢֱˬһЦ
һȻϾʹ˻أϴһ˿ŵЦݣˣСȻΪ΢󷨽֮ԣ˵ܹЩæλӦʣ
Աһɫ۵ĵһ⻰Գ֮ɫƲߣͨ󷨽֮Сӣģ˵ɲҪͷ
һϸоһ˿Էλã֪ӦժħĴӳϣħڸֻ֡Ҳ˿壬΢΢һЦȻλϲţСӻ볤ϲһ
۵˵û뵽һ𵤳ڵСӾȻҪԣһ˵ϻжԶԶôй˶ҪҲԣæˡ
һǿӲĻһͷҲЩͷ˼£պлᣬһҪͷһԡ
ڳ϶Ϊһòȥʱˮڿˡ
ӣȻôִţһԺˣǴЩôҲãûôǲɢǣ㿴Σ
ţӵû뵽ôһ¾ȻúųԪӤһ˵ˮϿڣֻѾ˵˲֣Ǳˮһ˵֣˵Լˮˡ
ˮСѵ˽Ӳɣ㻹飡Աһ׳һЦ˵ҰԵϢ»֮Ȼһ壬ˡ
⻰ˮҲ΢΢һЦ䲻УȴԶӣӲ˽ӣȴˮĹŵӣ֪ݵһ°ӵѣ


ھ ʸ
ڳڶ೤ϣ˺λ֮⣬˾һû뵽һ޲ͽˮ˾Ȼʾͽ֮¡
Ҳǳһʵˮ⻰ǵ棡
ˮ޲ɵĵ˵ͷˮ˵Ȼ棬һΪЩһﶼҷأ
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˵䣬ҲˮϻָתͷԳһ˿ЦСӣҿҪˣʦҪˣɲҪҳ鰡
˫һǹһǹģĻۣٻ󷨣󷨳ּֽƵĳγ֡
ڹ󣡡
ӷֳһеġڹ󡯻ĻһСһĻԱ߹ۿĳϾǳһֹ
ӳҲ̫ˣڹ󡯿󷨣һɱУɱķ
ǰ⡮ڹȻֻƷСӻħڵʱ򣬱㲻֪ɱ˶ͬ֡
꣬ұۼһеɵļ𵤸ԵУڹ󣬾ɱ
˵Ļǵ꣬ѾԪӤڸ֣ʱʩչҵԪӤֶᱻһʱ̣˵һ𵤳ڵĵˡ
ڳ˽¶̶Цתͷˮ˵ôˮɻ⣬ȻǾҳ̫أֻҪ㿪ڣҲ԰
˭֪ˮһڣü΢΢һ̧ˣⶫסģ
ʲô˵סɫһЦЦȻ㲻ģҲ֣ɲҪң˵䣬̧㣬һǹעڹ֮Уʱĺһ󷨷񷭹ƺҪһС
ĿŴڹ󣬲ģײеϴһ˿ɻȻԳһԾı顣
ֻһ죬ԭɫĺϾȻƿһСĿ׶һ˿׶ԽԽѺ۳˷ɢȥһε߲ʹŴ˳͵һŽɢֳһԼʮ
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һȻ˼ڰˮ£ѧĺĹֶΣõ⻰Ҳһָмæл
һܹڳһͬһ㣬Ҳϣ֮һ뵽ǰӵġڹ󡯣ûĴ㲻ò˼Ŵɡ
⣬ߴ֮ĵӣ磬ֵܣƵ˱ʵʮֲÿ˶ֵܵϰԪӤϡ֮£ҲһһõӦʡ
ֻ֮УȴһʮΣǱǺƼλ˼ĳϡǽ֮ر͵͵±ץסСӣ˼
β˵׽񣬶׽ǵ˻Ǹϰλϣ£ǱҪɱڶˣֻܾŶԼС
ںƼδã˵˵硣ħĳϷ׷壬г˵ϻǧĹأҪնɱЧȵġ˵ƼɫɷףΪϼ޻Ĵ϶ֻܵͷ
ɵȻҲͷĲһЩԵĳͷͬǺƼҵļϣǱӶֻܱͷȥװ֪µӡ
ʱˮ˿ˡ֮ʣúƼһͬǰ·ˮĸΣգ̽Դ˴
ΪԪӤһ˵ˮϿڣΪڳ֮бвҲö˵ʲôȷʽͷƼϡֻǺƼȻ˱סͷǸмǱ뷨ǾͲö֪ˡ


ھ Сѿ
һͣǧͻظ֮һаϣԼʮɶӣԼһĴڣһͬһؽ߲㹬ֱͨͨӳڵڰ˲ƽ̨ϡ
ڰ˲ƽ̨ϣһƬƽ˾ûԪޣûнƣûпռֻпտյƽ̨Լһȸ߲ʵĴš
һڳ϶ɻ֪òǰߵʱˮһ֣һϢһ޶Ӱֱ֣ڰ˲Ŷȥ
೤ϼ״ɵõһ˽ԭˮʩչһֶǺشһɫ֮еĴֶΣųơ
⡮⻯һʱķһĴڣ÷ӵбɵսϢ嶼һ޶ʧֻ֮Ҫʱ¼УԱκӰ졣
ʵˣҲһֶ̽ΰˣڳԾΪͨӦֻкڵΪԪӤﵽϣһ˿һյߵʱ򣬲ܹʩչˮܹʩչ˵ûк壬ѾԶˡ
˵ĳԾͬһȴΪ侲ùˮĸڻ̣ȻûˮĸУڸָͨơ
֪ˮյġͨȻȴûеõȫ洫ˮĸ洫ġһɣٶֻܹӰС׵ħ裬Լű䶼ࡣ
Ϊˮ˵ġͨȵʱǷֻӰͻֻһâӰ±һĿռѷ챩ֱиӰϡ
Ӱǡͨ仯ʵͻȻΣһתֻǿռѷ챩úף㷴ӦҲֱնһֱۡԾе˲䣬һźĿռѷͻȻӱһٶֱӱɱһƬɢˡ
һĻղųԾˮˡͨڳϲһ
Ҫ֪Ԫޣǽƣǿռ󣬲жôǿкۼѭܹСĿռѷڱ֮ǰȴǺ޺ۼѭһѸޱȣӵٺʵĻӰֲסαҲ˵峤ϣ峤ǿҲ
ǣǳ˱֮һԵժħͻȻڵһΪôҲˣһСѿ󡯾֮ܽȥҲ֪ͨͽأвҰ
ڳԣˮˣ˭֪ˮ˿ûжŭ˼һЦŶӵѲ֣طһѾʵ˰ɣ˵ãˣǺѲҪϧֶ

ǰһӣûϪٺˣһӡû뵽ȻȴٺӷһҧҪɽ׸Լ
ʱԹڲԪҲƵӣƽʱСӶں棬û뵽쾹ȻһΣѵãѵðӧӣ⡮СֿʲôһѲ㡣ҾͲˣúøɣҿǿŶ
ЩĺӱԪôһ˵ͷƲѣҪ֪ΪʦսȻУȴΪҪʱ䣬ȷ˵ֶΡԳҪ棬ú֮һٷǬ
˵ս֮ʮ־޴ġҲڸݺʵƽǰ˵ȻϧڳǸɳϼ֡ͷĶͬڣˮ˸ѹһͷĸ֣ŭҲܶ֡
ɫڣָԪӵˣԪ϶˵ʲôҺӺʱãããҲüȻҪҳ֣ҳҲǲɣֻҪչǰһ·ǸɵӺ򿪣ǳƽˣҳֽģĺôժħҪһ֡
ˮ˵ͷ΢Цӵѷģҵ߷ҲֹһˣȻһҴͷĹҲǲĵģͶãȻ˺ӵѱˡ
ãҲ˵ͷӦ£Ȼħˮ˷ͬӪˮ˵Ҳŵġ
ֻǾں׼ʱƳһʱһݶ뷨¸һЦˮͽ˵ҪôҿСӾȻҵġڹ󡯣ҲЩֶΣҵĸΣҲΪ㺣һֺô
һû뵽ǳͷ̣ˮ˿˼һת˵ͷʦ𣬵ԸһԣΪȡ档
ˮü֮һ˿ɻһ˵ͷãȻˣȥɣΪʦͷų֮Σ֮ʱҲҪϧ
һмĽӹһлԽڶӳƽ̨ȥ


ھ 
Сӣ㾹ȻܹҵġڹҲЩ£⡮Сѿ󡯷ͬѰǵؼǴ˴ƿأʧޣЩ𣬱Ϸ򶼲⶯֣ȻǾͱľİɣ
һǻ˵Ҳмѵ˼Ӻӿ˵ȴһζһͷһݣ֪Է⣬˵ͷʾԼ֪ˣͬʱֶ̽ο
һʱⷽԲʮƽ̨ϣһ紵ݶͷֻǿϧǣͨҲ˿ֻԼоɱķ
Ȼ֪һѾ׼һںӣΪͷȻЦѣһߡųһǹ⳯һ
һźӸҵɱˣǹⲢûйȫջԪǹסԼƽ̨ߡΪԷһҲ֫ٺעԪ͵һ²̶֣ᴦڱ״̬
ӼһȻջԪǳһֻѾ϶һٲҲ롣ȻݼСҲĿ¾ͳ֣һֶû£ֻ沽̤һΪصĲӳƽ̨ȥ
ȻΪ󷨴ʦĺҲ˵沽գ̶ʮ֮⣬ˮͨݻӰ߹ĵطһзƽ˾ƺûʲôޱȵĴһ㡣
һĻ˵ڶ೤ϣһҲĵΪԪӤ󷨴ʦֻ½زУȴû뵽ҲȻ˻ȲõԵʦ壬Ҳʵϵ󷨴ʦˡ
뵽һԽңҺǰԵʱ֪ҵʵû֣ǷųһһƷ󷨣Ҳųֱˡ˿Ի̸ֻǴ˿СǼ˼ϲ⣬ǰѾƽ⡮Сѿ󡯵ʱһԸңһҪСģҪĵźá
ӿɲ֪һô֮࣬ǹİ˼䣬һҪҶ֮һƮһӰƮȥˡ
һ̤ǰвͬж֮һѸױۣգ۹򣬱ռѷ챩ֻʵ˵ã֮ͨϵȵÿÿΣնܶȥһʮദռѷ֮ת˻
СӣɽҸղŵĲˣʵ
һȻ֪ʲô˼Ѿӵһרãʶúʾ㰵̨֮вʱ˵ȺӣȴҲСгɾˡ
һĵ˵ͷ¶һЦݣȻ̧һץһץУͳȥͬʱ˵СӣҪæ͸ղ߹Ŀռѷ죬Ҳźò󷨣󣡡
һȻйƣȴûϵͻأµͷҲ˿壬һƾԾԺ֮нϰٱĲ磬Ϳʼֻ̤һһ̤ñһռѷ졣
֮յ£һתšһܵĽǶȣܿȥͬʱ̤ڶ֮ÿ̤һһռѷ챩һǽŲԼ֮յܿȥ
һĲȻЩģ˲ԵƣֻûˣϷѾռѷεƫˡһ̤̤֮ϵڶܣжѸ٣ǲʮԵĽԭһһգһʱ١
һĻڳڶ೤ϣԼЩӢӶզ಻ѣ˵ǲһײҪһ֮ߣȴҪ㹻˽⡣һһյɼϵ賬ڳˡ
˵ĳԾͬӱһ˾㲻ҲҪһԸͷȴһһòʡֻǸ¶ֻһЦͿʼֶ


ܿ죬ӽһ󷨲ɣһ˻ͬʱչ¶θµĲ̽ķΧչһȦһȥס
һһ˾飬Ҳ³ӵ뷨ÿÿһײȫΪ޵ȻԽԽǿ󣬿ռѷԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽѣȴձܹǵһЩ϶Ȳ
Щһںĸõķһƽ󷨵ĹУȻӲûн˼ȴ͵ѧ˲ֶΣ֮˲СĽ
ջȴһײЩǴӼ򵥵ѣͷ֮󣬷־ȻͬһĪĲ
һײ£һĸоȻľ䣬ˮĸеˮ׼ǽݿ²һôֻÿϧǣƺѾ͵ѧľͻҪһЩ֪Σֻպоˡ


ھ žŹһ
СӲ˿𣬷ѧҵġ⡮ϹõĲħŶûдҲǻԵɺҵһززѧЩ˵ȱˣҲգҲΪˡҵˮ׼СӲһ飬ȻܹѧᡣѵǴ˵еŲɣҲôѧᣬѵҲѧɡȻѧᡮʹȴʮ裬ӦǸѧ֡һˣǳħţ˵ҪӣȻɵ˱Ǿ͹ֲˡã⡮СѿڣˮҪҲȲãֻҪһЩʱˮҲΪһ˸Ҷġ
ӼһȦӵһס꣬ͷʮƣѡһΪݶʮĶƣİԵͷ
һһȦռѷ֮󣬺ӹµĽͬʱҲһ󷨸úáΪ˶ԸؼһƷġСѿ桯㲼˾žŰʮһÿһ󣬾һľžŹһ󡣴ʱžŹһĻԹ£סƽ̨
ƳһһۣתͷһԵڶ೤ϵ󲼳ɣҪžŰʮһǰ󷨣پǰ󣬳
⻰ڳ˽һƬ̱аʮһλվ˳һԸ˼䣬վ룬֮󣬱ֻ뿪ƽ̨룬ʼһλλϽ֮ȥˡ
Σʮһ󷨶˳ϣһ£гһעԪһʱ䣬Ϣİʮһһ㣬ԭͲƸǡͬʱ󷨵ۼ۽룬һڵһϣȻɽӵ
ʱһˮͰСĺڶƾҲƵͷųһ״Ŀռѷ쳯˷ȥ
ƽȿռѷѰԪӤ˶ֵסһϢžŰʮһͬʱžŰʮһعǿռѷڹҲҪƬʱܻ顣һ̱һ¹ɣָžŰʮһع֣ڳػС
Ϊ󷨵һʱȴΪСΪ󷨣òǸɿţΪ֮ķԪӤһ˱¶ҲԵڣֳǾܵڵġ
˿ҷɣҲùܹݡϷ룬֪ʱ˿Դġʶ¿ȴķãһ˼п֮һ˼ʱſֵܳΣա
ȴ˵ӼڳϳֵġžŹһ󡯹Ȼ⡮Сѿ󡯸סͷͬʱҲЦΪ󷨳ɹʱ򣬱ƿʼʱ
žŹһħǡɣ
һдʣһ߽һƶصġžŹһ󡯵Ĺ⻬תתٶԽԽ죬Ƭ̱Ͱʮһ󷨱ͬʮһ֣ƶ󣬻һ־޴ޱȵķ糵ɿת
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ֻͬʱſռѷͺڶžŹһ೤ϸоѹѹʱԽԽ󣬲ǶԪӤĸ֣зǿޱȣںЩѹ
һˣҲǴ룬󷨵һȴЩˡ˵ǰžŹһڷصʱ£һʮһλϵʱɵֳһһɳѹϡ
Щá࡯ȫֱӾҪѹˣҲñشϣһѪĳ嶯
ĺϹȻʲô󷨣ǣСүҲóѵģ
һһɵԭվŵһڶ̤󷨾һȻش̤롮žŹһ󡯺͡СѿС
г϶ɻһҪʲôʱ򣬱̧һǣһһٻĶȻ͵һλĳ棬ٻ⻪ԼһƬĹ⻪ȴǴʢҲȻһǡ
ԭֶķʽ󷨰
ĳϼˣ¶Ȼ֮ɫˮˣԳһ˿ЦݡΨǺɫѿޱȡ


ھһ 
һΪ˲¶ʵܹѡ֮С󷨡ֻ鿴ףΣճ̶ȱ˵ϵɽ»𺣶˿һСģһѹʬ޴涼Ǻõģ»ɢתͶ̥󲻵ǲǱ
ҲΪʶֶ̽Զˣ˰Ī⡮ټϷֱԡСѿ󡯺͡žŹһЩϤɰܹա
ҼвɽΣգȲ֮ҲֱӽˮĸҪ֪ǵˮĸִ죬ŵر֪˶٣鱦ǿռͨǿޱȣҪ֮ƣȴҲǧѵġ
ҲˣһǿĵƣҲձֶΡ
̤沽֮Уʼ˲ľ֮һ˿Σռ䣬һߵĿ־к˷ܸӿͷһ̤ܿСѿ󡯵ͬʱֵ̧㲥žŹһ󡯣һٻ͵ҪĵطǽžŹһǿһ֡
һγֱɹһͷϲһ̤һʱ侹Ȼһľ磬Ҳξ棬ηŭʱֻ󷨡
ǰ޷ĴԺ֮Уƺÿһϸڣÿһɶֻ֡Ǿ̤ʱһֶˣƺ֮ڲ󷨡
һ˿֮У󷨣ȻЩͥŲĸоУû߶󷨷׷׳ÿһ˿ÿһߵϸڶչ֡
ڳڶ೤УֻǿλԪӤڳϿߣһΪ׵ˮЦŨ˼֣ĵ˵ͷԭһͽܻڰưͣʮģһȴԼͽʮӦˡ
ˮ˸⣬λӳϱҲǲһΪŭľǺӣǸµҪгˡ
򡯣Ȼǡ򡯣˵еġһοɵֵϰްȿľ磬ΪʲôΪʲôȻСʱˣȱ£ѵǴ˵еþɡУţɵ˵ð֮ѹˡѾ³ԹȻᱨʱ˵ҾϡţҪµˮһԣԣԣֻҪˣʲôûˡ
֪ʱԽãЧԽãʱ䣬ĥһٲԸȥæֽ󷨿סѵٻѸ磽⿪ȥžŹһ䣬һʱ䣬žŹһԭ൱󣬶ʱ˸¡
һڶ֮У֪֮УΪѸԪϴΪǿ̶ȶߡ
Լ֮̽ѰһĶⶫľĶйϵȴǸĴڣƺһֽάϵһĶһͷȻġ֮л
ֵĴڣƺʹڵĶȴץţΪʲôĶͬȴǸΪ֮ĶʲôءѵǴ˵еĵвɣ˵Уνǵֹ֮мǵУһһ⣬֮ʱ°빦ǲĴֻͨϹŴжϾдҲɢ̸ֻΪ̸УζҾͲأˣˣǵлǱģܻҺαطġ˵գͷҲڴģ»صȥˡ
ȴ˵һˬĽС򡯣ĺĿơžŹһ󡯺Сѿ󡯡ֻ˵оžŰʮһλϺƶ󷨣ޱȣǰڻܹϵĥѿ󡯣˺ڣѿ󡯵ȭͷСĺڶȴҲʵֻѹƣȴ
ƽʱ򣬺ӻѡĥʱһǰҪˮĸʱʮֽȣΪеһڶ֮УûһĶһǱͷչпܸ󣬶ҲͿܸ졣뵽Ҳòƴˡ
ӴץöȭͷСѪԵĹŭһ͵顣һޱȵĲҽУŵѪֱעǡžŹһ֮С
Ѫ⣬ڳϾһΪģֻΪŵѪ֮еÿһһԪӤȫƶɡڶ೤жʮĶӾȻΪʹóȴǳϡ
Ѫ֮žŹһƶȻһǣֻǰħΰƣһ³׻ħѪһ㡣һѪ𣬹ѿĺڶͷó
ԭΪֵĺڶѪһ壬Ҳ֧Ųסһ˿ɢĺۼӱԵֳ赲ǰġСѿ󡯼ơ


ھһһ һ֮
Ѫ£Ǻڶ⣬߽ȳɢһϸ΢Ŀռѷ콥ѳٲܳڿ֮С
˼״ͷϣΪ˴ҲˮĸиһõˮĸУ߸ƽõĺôҲġһȺȷ棬˵ܵõô䲻˵˵һ¥壬Ҳǲܵġ
ںڶɢֻʣ»ƶСʱڶ͵һš쿪ɫһֱӾžŹһϴ
Σ˽ԾΨһ˿ɫһͷЦãȻ⡮Сѿƴһ˾òˣֻҪһɱӣʱ˭Ҳ㲻ͷ
һˣӽֲУһʱڶ೤ϱǡСѿ󡯵һ㣬ȫֵһǿ֪Ӻζ͵һԭƿص󷨱ٲǿˡ
žŹһɥСӣΪɱ㣬Һķô಼ϣͷѪӤ˽ȥҲ֪˰ɣ
ͷһžŹһ󡯵ѪԹ⣬һռѷѸקųһȥ
⣬ɵλɫÿħ¶Цˮ˵ͺһҪ־ˣȴһӰס
ӣҵңˮ˾ȻǶһ˿ŭ
ˮʱؼǵңǰһж׷ˣ͸ˣһӣαˡ
ˮջŭɫȻһΪãҪǰ;͵ӱȽϣȻǰߡ
һʱ䣬ǵǿĿռѷѾһͷžĺȥ
ǧһ֮ʱһ͵˫һоޱȵΣһǰȻǵĹʱ򣬰Үʶ֮ðĳ֮һ
ʱѾ˸ԭǳУǴʱ˿̵龰ͬǣǸѾԼ³ǱһƥĿռѷֱնͷ­
ʲôҾȻôˣܣҲҪҲҪŤתǬ
˲Ϣ֮䣬־Ȼڡ򡯵ĸо˻ԭһ˲ܹʮϰٸͷһ̾Ȼǧͷԭ·һ˲侹Ȼҳһ·
ռ֮ҳ
ͺһǵѷһͷ˲䣬һ׹üķɳӭͷǿռѷײȥһһɫ⻪ײһ𣬾ȻռһʱһΪģԲ֮жռ֮ʧԭء
Ҳһͬʱɢƽֻ̨ʣ°ʮһϣʲôҲûС
ףô£ľСӵʩչʲôȻܹסһռѷ죡
ǰǵռѷϣ㲻ҲҪзϣóĶȻܹסѵʲôǿķɣ
񷨱ֻϢȻЩʲôСӵϢȻʧˣķסռѷһȴסȻȿռˡ
ǰϧˣȻֻнڳڣϢȹ̣Գ֮ͨҲ̫ϧˣ
ٺ٣ֻЩƺСӱһʦ󷨻ֻǼޣܹﵽԪӤڣֻԪӤڣؾܳΪڳ֮һ֮㣬ֻҲֻһ˰ˣ
ˣûСӣȻˮ˾ԼĵӡˮƢǲѣ춯أҿһغпͷˡ
ڶ೤۷׷ףΪˮҪúӳԿͷʱˮȴǵĿ˺һۣһתصڳ֮С
߰ɣֻ˵֣ˮʲôûзһ㣬ȴڶ೤Ϻ;Ӣӳڰ˲㹬ȥ
ڳϼ״Ȼϧȴûв⣬ϾҲǵӣαȵԼΪαȵɵĲʢ١
һЩӢӿϧ֮֮ȴҲֻǴֻҲˣֻҪԼǡΨ磬һʧĵطһ˿̾ϢȴҲܿĨȥ漴̤ǰ·
ȴ˵ǺӼɱһͷȴûһ㳩˼ΪģֻΪˮǵһۡһ˿ͨľ棬һ˼ںӵĸоȴǲͬΪһۣоèĸоƺԷԼһ㡣
ˮ˸ߴıӰǼɵͷֹѵͻˣ


ھһ ̫
һڳϱھŲʱһɫӰһ֮зӳһЦӰȻƾʧƺûгֹһ㡣
ȴ˵ˮĸھŲƽ̨ϣͨ⻪һߴİϵ˳ˮΪף༸λӳϽֵֻǣԭһ󣬰˵ӦĺӾȻֵַڿλá
֪ﻹʲôΣգҵġѾˣһλֶΣ벻Ҫϧǡ
ˮƺʲôûзһ㣬ͷ˿ڶ೤ϣֻǿӵʱһ˿ĮԳڰ˲㵽׷ʲô顣
⻰˺ЩԾ⣬϶׷һʮԸҪһȡһЩôˮ޲ʣʮϸ֡
ʮλϳԲͬɵħ塣֮ʩչʽֶ֮̽ǿ֮һλֱӷųʮͷΪɨ֮á
˴۾ǣһ̺ʽѲ֮󣬾Ȼûа֮Ĵڡ˵确Сѿɱε󷨣Ԫޣɵȿռ䶼ûС
ڳϼһüͷȻȴǱֶ֤ûа壬ȴûһԸ顣
ѵھŲ㾹Ȼûһ㿼ô̫أǵȥ̽Żᷢɣ
뵽ڶܣ˶üͷǸڳʮɵӣʱЩľսΪǰһĳĿҪȥȵףۏˮȻˡ
ڵ֮УΨнƣ£һ˿ģΪ⣬֮еѪ֮нѪñΪߣݣ˿Ѱϣʶ˿ûеڻҵǡ
˶Ϊ磬֪Ǻõʱ򣬺һЦһ˫ͻأ˵ǰͬʱӥХǺ𣬸Ұ޵ĺϰͷʽʹС޴֮·˶
Щʲôѵĺֲɣ峤Ϸ׷׾
ҲЩҰһǲģǶ⺣壬ˮĸģ峤һ첱Ӵ֣ЩͬȴȼлҪ÷ŭ
⺣壬ôܣǲǸɵĸֵסôôܹǴôβˣ
ǰôô壬ռͨѵҪ˲ɣ
ʡ֣ڳϷ׷ɫһ䣬ûж־ŵõɥһ룬Ϊ֪ʲôĴڡ·ϣ̤˵ԪӤڵĲ𣬱ٹڵĲ𻹴ʮٱûЩ壬һʣҪҲ׾ٵ顣
ʱΪӵˮŭһҲҪң߲ʣĿռͨߣڤʵĻӡ֪һλӣһһ·񻹲¶棬Ƕڤʵͷô
ˮ⻰ڳϻȻͬʱˮĵĻ֮ҵս⣬׷׼ֶΣҪֵһȺ塣
ǺóԪӤһˮˣȻһ۾ͿƱ̫ӵݣҾڤ̫ӣֻ˵ʲôҸͷǶƨΪⶫҸ˵ʲôҳȫΪ㣬ˮˡС⺣Ҳʮսʱɱ⺣ˣбб̫ӵ¡ֻʱиڣҲö֣ÿԳ˴˻ᣬһնɱһ˵ͷ­ͷֻޣ
̫ӣţˮüͷ΢塣
Ҫ̫ӵ̫Ӿ͸ɣúÿڤһǣͽʲôҴһ֧Ҳһɱ˾ǣ
ЦУǴ͵һѸСջΪһ˫ɳᣬмΧһ࿡ݵӣֻü֮һ˿ݶ֮ɫƻ˵
ʱһ˿ǿޱȵƴ̫ɢԽԪӤû뵽̫뵱ʮ̫ȫһȼȻһ弶֣ĴڡȻֻһʵȴر
о弶ϢڳϾһΨˮ̩ɽһ㣬üͷչƽõĵĮ¾ڤ̫ӣ
̫û뵽ˮԽȼĴھȻû̫⣬ͷһ˿ɻȴҲ·磬Լ弶ֵķ緶һЦˣôˮ׼ô


ھһ 
ףˮ˿壬ȻһЦ̫ӵĴҲжţ֪̫ӹʵǿ󣬻ֻͨ²̫֮ҪȡԼֲźá
̫ԣһЦͷã˵úãҲԳȡҲҪȡһҪõ⴫˵еˮĸ̳ʮǰˮĸĴУưԶɨ¡ԣСǣɱɣ
ԭ̫ռˮĸһȺޱʹ⻰ʱѪһųǺߴɱͬʱ̫һΣһѸޱȵİӰֱˮ˹
սһԣȴߴһѷɫ⺣Ⱥ֮и̫һλ弶֣һӽøԶֻ⼸֮սûѡߴϷ׷ױȫǲ󷨣ͷŴƶԣȻ⺣١
·λȺսͬϷˮ˶̫ӣȻųԪӤ֮еһˣĪֶΣԪӤվԪӤ֮Ȼֻһ㣬ȴǵһ㡣Ըû˿ˮˡ
ɣ
Ӱ˽̫ӵӰͻȻֱֳ̧һצֱץˮͷצ֮ƿʯˮҲǿ׵ˣһּ̧䣬һķɳһצס
̫Ӽ״һȻʵҪڿռͨϣҲԶѰȻ㱻οϾʹȥһֻצٴһģ͸п
צͬʱޱȣץ͸˹ֱ֣ϮŶ
úã
Σʱ̣ˮ˲ϲ˫ǰһ˲תǧÿһһԪӤһ֮ǧɵȻ̫ӶõֱۡʱΪһɱˮˣѾ˫צ̽һϣҪȴЩˡ
̫ӣһУ
ˮ̧һֱӽǧץУ͵һ飬Ȼһƥ˶УǺĳ̫Ŵȥ
ڤ֮ݣߣ̫Ӹоһ˿ΣʱóٶȱҪߡ
Ȼˣαߣ̫ӻɣһСһǧˡˮΪһУϾʹ˷ŹŲ̤ʵ죬˲ٶȾȻ̫ӷֺ̧һһ̫š

һҽд̫ӱһдõɶϸӿһɹɷ֮Ҫ顣׷Ҫƽ̨֮ʱһŤٴλһӰ˿ȥ
Ƭ̣һӰս룬ڣǱѵ̫ӡһħųϱû뵽̫ӻͻȻ֣һħѾ˳ȥֻ̫ɫһſ͵һǵħֱӱУһ£Ȼٽħԭⲻķ˻
ħųϼ̫ӵʱѾŵòᣬټֶΣҷŶԣ߽һæ˱ܿȥҺ滹кüħųϰֵҪԼֶ֮¡
̫Ӻα۸ǣ̫ӱȻȻɣһȻĻˮһ̫Ӻڳ֮䡣
̫Ӽˮˣͬһ㣬һǵͨ죬ŭģ㾹Ȼڣ̫ӣɶ񣬿ɶ񰡣Ҫɱ㣬һҪɱ㣡
ڳԽԾֻˮԪӤһˣûѾڡһ뵽ǰս̫ӾȻΪݣ˾ף̫˵²ˡ
һڸ֣ʵвСǿڳ϶ʱȸԾȻЩζ뵽ʱ˿̵龰£һڸվͳһսϣΣճ̶ȴ󽵵ͣҲͶȻˡ
ֻ֮УԴ˷Ӧǿҵȴ󷨵ĺӡɫ䣬ͷֹȻˣˣѹܸôǿѹãǶԪӤڣҶΣѾѱΪͽұ𣬸һʦͽôô̬ˣˣһˮĸһҪõôʱҲˡ
ȴ˵̫ˮ˶ųУҿ֮ڡһ赭дһŭΣڶˮһˮΣ޳̫ǿռͨĪ⡣
˵ˮȻˮȴڣΪʵӦò̫ӡһɼƣʹ̫ӴˣȻѣȴҲ𺦣ȫʵʶһʱ֮䣬˾Ȼһʤ


ھһ ع
ˮĸھŲƽ̨ϣǺ⺣ڶֵĽսһְȻĳ̶ȡ·ڶ೤ϵֶԸһȺȺ弶ޣϷΪֵˮ˺̫ӵĴսѷѽ⣬Եýޱȡ
ƻ壬û뵽֮ȻƭңеӾ͹Ҵսһۣ㰵ʲôӢۺú
Ǻǣ̫ӴԲӣ̫ʵ൱Ȼսһʵвȴƴ̫ǡ̫ϲˣҸᣬ˱̫дһҲǲԡʲôӢۺú͸޻̸֮ҵǳ˵Ӣ֮ʵڲȡο̫һ˶ҵȺ棬ҪͶժȡʤʵΪӢҲǲ
̫ȻΪʵǿ󣬵ȿ֮αȵùˮˣһŭǵûӰˮˣԼŪ࣬ŭѡ
ãããȻˣǱ̫ӾƴŲܶˮĸҲҪʴ̫ӣԻ̫ӣǰɣ˵䣬̫Ϸ˳ȥ봫ͨ㲻Ӱ
ˮɫʱһ䡣ʵһֱһִͨҪʱѹ̫֪ݣһ¾Ϳ˳ȡˮĸ˭֪̫񣬾Ȼռˮĸѡȡ̫ͬƽ֡
ȻƻңˮҲǺ֣ԪӤһˣ˲Ϣ֮öԲߣƶȻһǣԭݱ뷢ţŭһ˫ǰһۣȻǧˮ֮¡ǰ͵ϮһС
ʲô㾹ȻֶΣҪɱȴܣֶΰɣ̫Գ˫һʧ
Ҳɱ㣬ֻ㣡ˮ˵ţǧˮųÿһˮˮˮ߲ƽ̨һ죬һӰӽֳ
ƿռ䣬ҳɣ
ǧͷǰӰȥһ죬ռըѣֳһԾ̫ͬʱǧ߻һˮɫƥ׷ײȥգۼ䣬Ϊһˮ̫룬Ѳ
ˮ˾Ȼһзס̫ӣһڳϾǻϲת򣬾ҪԮ̫ӡ
ʱˮλסߣֵסҪŷ̫ӵʱˮĸţøɵӽˮĸɴУ
⻰ڳϾһ㶣Ǽ̫ӷӡ֮Ϊ˽ˮĸضΪڸֵˮ˵ôͷû룬ˮ˾ȻҪһˮĸţڵӽȥ
ڳ϶ϳɾܿͿԭί뵽ˮȻӡ̫ӣȻ̫ãҺи⺣ǰʱԵøӽѲ£øĵǰȥôȻȨ֮ƣȴҲõð취ˡ
ͨ˽ڣгϾӦ𣬷׷׹һ޵ֵסˮּ̧ץʮӢˮĸǰ
ˮĸ֧ӣǰȡˮĸУѶֶΣˮĸԭ
ˮ˵䣬˫һȻƳͬʱһĪķķ˳ǡһɫĸġ

һȣˮ˳ַһƣǽյĴžȻҪȴǻ˲١
ٸҿ
ˮٴʩչһȻӿԵĵǶ㱻ƴɡһΣٴλζ£ƿһ˿϶ȴɲܴ򿪡
ʱһڹǺӺˮѣ㣡
˵䣬һǹ⣬˲ͲóһӳΪˮ˼ӳǶ֮
ˮȻϲӣҲܾһתԪǶ֮һ䵽ϡȻһͬ죬ǳޱȵĴϾȻ¸죬Ϳʼƶģһ˿˿Ļƿڳһͨݹķ϶
ãжмСģˮһǵͨ죬Ȼÿһ̶ķ˾޴Ԫ
һȺ͵ᣬùȻ򿪣ﻹһݹ⣬ҪȥʱһŻõİӰͻȻ֣ڵӸٶȳȥЩӼ״һȴҲ󣬷׷׽Уգ۱㲻Ӱ
ǵӰˮȻЩɻ󣬵Էǽˮ׼ΪһȺӶȻܹԸҲҪͣ·ȴǺһ¸ЦӶߴˮлһЦȻҲҪݹ⳯ȥ
ӣɣˮŭһҪſôŹرգֻŷ֣Ƕ֮ȻԪҪ˻ȴþһ
¸£Ҳȡħ洫УʱһʹģΪϣȻҲ֪ħ飬һĿĲˮĸħ洫С


ھһ ˭̣˭ǻȸ
ҡһ䣬һǹ⣬Ҫɶݶȥ˭֪һ̣һצӿֱ̽ͽץסζɲûͱצһ׹òҽһû졣
¸£̵ְ磬ˮˣʲôӣлһεĻҵˣ
˵䣬צԳһһɫ꣬ϷųϢһ㶼ˮˣֻ̫ȫʢ֮ʱ㡣
ʲôС壬㾹ȻŸ͵˴һྐྵȻռ˱ˣҲİ
˾Ȼ̫ӣڶ֮н弶֮һһľãҪõˮĸΪ̫ʵû¡û뵽Ȼ͵͵ǰΪؼʱһٳ֣Ҫժȡʤʵ
磬ˮʲôģͽʰҵõˮĸУΪˮĸĹ֮һЩôҲǴл
˵䣬̫ӷһЦץӣֱӴھŲŶȥʱˮ˸պýѿǶ֮ճջٴκȻϡ
ǧ㣬һУˣòƴˣˮɫһݣ̧ץöҩһöǵһеõ컯öҩ⻪ڣҩ˱ǣȻֻҩ컯ǿһ֡
öҩÿһöǼֵĺñһȴˮһˣһһ߹ԴԪˮĸźȥҪٴδˮĸšֻһٶ˥ߣһǿڶٴιĶҪȴϼˡ
ȴ˵ˮĸŵһߣҲˮĸھصĹ֮Сھعҿ̬ǰûʲôֻǱǰ¡صɱһ˿ɼƮ󣬵֮ЩӺݺͻϢˮĸˮɵŮΪ
ڹſƬ̣һӰз룬ʮݹ⣬ڼرյ˲䣬̫ץ˺һͬ˽
ǰİӰٶȿʮˮĸвãԥ㳯ȥʮݹ״Ҳ׷׸ȥֻٶȴҪһ̫ӵһ㲻żΣһѽڹڵϣԭ״
ӱ̵ְûԼụ̂벶ȸں֮еĻȸһӾͱ弶̫ץ˸š
̫ӣԩ޳ֺαΪңصҵĶľţǸ߸ģҲõˮĸΣ
̫ʲôЦһ㣬¸һЦߵصҲŹĶľšǰ˵ʲôħ洫ô̫ʮָȤˮĸ̫ۣ˵Ҫ͸ʣҪ߸ƽ֣˵ʲôħ洫УȻ֪ʲôһǺö̫ӵ˻ǿ˽ġ
ʲôɫһ䣬û뵽ԼΪһ仰Ȼ»һʱͷں޲ѡ
ӣ㲻ҪʱҸʮپ̫ӽǣúÿʣҲܵõҪĶ
ԣй⻪仯յ˵ͷã̫ӿһҾͽժħħ洫нǣ
ܺãʶʱΪܣʶ̫࣬Ӿһҵõʲôħ洫УҲǵʦʱժħҵĺ󱲣ߣҲģ
ΨΨŵŵͷ̫֮ӽܼ֮󣬾ȡֶ̽Σ̫ӳνħ洫еķȥ
ȴ˵ǵӰˮĸڹ㽫ŵڶྫӢ˦󵱿һԳһ˲ˣڵڰ˲㱻Ӱ㺦˵һҴʱǲһ˫ɫᣬȻ̫Ӻ̫ӵΪƣֻϢһðԵĿռϢ
û뵽ռᣬȻϣȫ֮ʹȻ˳⣬Ϻñռ֮ӿռȶвͬպԺúò˵ƽӿռʱЩô
ԭڵڰ˲ʱһӰ㣬һǿޱȵĿռѷʱһض֮ʱĸоǧ·֮ץһ·ʮ̫Ŀռᡣ
ֻᵱ֮Ϊһл걻ռ֮þòʱһߣαԿռ֮ƿռ֮ռѷռһ˴ռ֮ͬʱǡɽһлɱ
ǿռ֮ɢʱȿռ佫һ˽ȥ˿Ǳɡ˭֪һ˿հ׵Ŀռᣬһƿаǵûڤͨ
ʱ򣬷⺣֣֪˻ˮãŶһԵȴʱȻץסᣬˮ˴򿪴֮ʳ˼䣬һʱɹ˴롣


ھһ һ
һ˫ᣬֳֳȴûһĸоϢеøΪء
ͷ˿ŷ̲ס⺣˽ںߴңûа취ֹҡû뵽⺣ȻǿƺҲˮĸкܾˡˮĸǺĽƣҲǸһᣬֱܹ룬ֱǺһʱ֮䲻֪Ӷɱ¾ֻһ̻ǱУôЩҲҲڤ̫ӳ֣ĳָˮѹҲܱȫ֣ˮĸƴ򿪣Ҫʱ֮ڴﵽ͸ˡˣȻѾ˴Ե鶼ҪˣǸϽΪѴмã֮Ӧɣ
գһ˫һλӰˮĸȥһ·ɳۣ֪ɹ˶ٹҵãĵشһֵĹ֮ǰһˮҶ߸߹֡ˮĸ˵ˮĸˮĸƹˮĸڡ
õúܣǿˣ
һԳ̧ץˮĸͳײȥƵȻͬһ㣬ԶзֿһֱͨڲĴһǰ
һ·ϣʼͬˮĸ˵⣬ڶǱ˸Ķһ㣬˲֪ٱȴٴλָԭһˮĸ˵ֻҪʾˮĸ֮һӵдˮĸߵݣܹ䡣
֮Уһ濴ȥԾķʲôһˮԷģҲ˵ûгˮĸ˼䣬֮гǧķ˵ֻнΪԪӤΪڸ֣һܹ
ԾԾһܿ˼ȥ˰ΣһˮǰȻʱˮϿտյûˣһѹ
һļᶨһȻһѹ㣬ܿתͷ̾ʮȥ֮Ȼ˹ɷ֮ȻͬԨһһҪ޳ˣɷ֮𡣡
֮̾ʱһ֪Լ˵ͷˮĸĴ֮ءæˮĸһн˳ΪСױԼĴֻСͬ𵤺ڵĸ֣һĴơ
ݼʦ𣡡
μϣ
Сףһƶһĳ羴裬λԼڳЩٽ𵤺ڵȻҲһԭ඼ߣһΣһֶΣʹƲߣƾʵȻһ̶֮֮ھʹˮĸ⣬ˮĸ֮УеļǴĵ
ضƣȻ˾ͳúüʶʶʦ㽫ҪˮĸĴУѵһʤԺһһЩʶҲǺõġ
ȻֻбٹΪһȺָ㣬ʮۺ񣬼ʶҲǳһѵõĺûᣬǼ֮ɫ
˴˸ƹΪ
Ӧŵ
Сףдмˣڴ¸о飬ʹԲӦɣ
СҲ˵ֻǵ˵ͷʾס
źһУһС׻нӹͳˮĸıȥߵǰһȽˮĸ˳СȭͷСˮĸһתȻͬһ㣬˸ҫ۵Ĺâ
ֻƿ֮þȻͬöתı˹ˮĸ֮ϡ
ˮĸ
ڳ˶ԾĿһĻǶ֪ˮĸʲôĴڣǿսݣϷֵ鱦ĶõһϵѵõĻԵû뵽ﾹȻͻȻ
Ȼˮĸԣˮĸˮĸһ֣ͬڴеԿףҪɼ鱦ĴУҪ֣ȱһɣҲˮĸ֮ͬһʱֻһĿˣ
һѾˮĸ侪ţɰˮĸ˵еĲ裬ͰĽˮĸһķ֮СһƮƮһͨӰֳ
֮ͨ״ƣǿ߲ıȴǲ˸֣ħѪƣɹ׭飬иɴȵ֡
ɼ鱦ɼ鱦飬ˮĸ˵õһֱڳ˯ûתȻͨмʹ鱦ҲֻܷɲҪȫͱùͨ飬ֻþǧֶζûܳɹ򵱳ҲᱻһħɸƵñȷˡܹ飬ƾ֮޵ô
뵽һԳ˼ˮĸûа취쵽飬Լܰ쵽ʵʡ뷨ٴαˮĸȥ


ھһ ǧ
һ޹ǵӷŵˮĸϣ׼ڳһĳơѾͷͲʱʧȥʶҲΪ̺˺ðβŶ
һ뿪˲䣬ͨһ鱦ܵʲô̼ͻȻ̶һ⻪ɨ֤ʲôһ㡣УԼˮĸһϢɢ֮С
Σһէĺͨ͵һǣ־ȻǴʮٱͬʱһӱȳˮĸʱ𺳵Ϣˮĸиж
ȻֻһϢȴɼ鱦ųǿϢ˵ҲͰˣڻ˶ԸԵֵʱ׵ıһ
һȻҲԶԶ˱ˣϢĴ벢ûйϵ˼ϢȻûйȴĵһֳ羴𾴣Ҫ¹ĳ嶯
üһȻ˶Ľı޵аһϹأ¹ĸм仹ʦȻ߽ԲռοϹ㣬һǲ򡣡
˵䣬һһֱţͬʱ𵤷ɿתɳϢԺ̨֮УûĲҲֳֳͬһڲͬϢ
Ϣ϶Ϊһһ־Ȼһض̤ڽ£ﶼƼĸоһʱ䣬ǿޱȵɼ鱦ųϢȻһһͽϢƣһ֮ͦͬһ㡣
һȻֵ˳Ϣѹ˿ɾͲˡĴ֣һȺӢ嶼ѹֱӹƾ͸˵йæסֱӾѹſˡ֮УΨСֳ࣬Ȼܹǿ֧š
ңƣɣ
һϵһǻϢһ˿ͬӭεһ󵶣ֱӽɼ鱦ųϢƿһʱ䣬˸оһɣ׷վ
лϣ
лʦ𣡡
Ĵֶˣ֪Ϣôǿ󣬵ȴһƿžλΪѾʮ˽ġϡȻˡ벻ô࣬Ϊʦˣܰ쵽κ鶼Ե֡
ΨСʲôû˵ĿһһۣΣмԹһ˿˼ӣ˵
һʱ˼ĴϣûעЩ֪ǣɼ鱦ϢʱԭͨǳͬһڶУһַЩ״ı仯仯ǺûǻͲö֪ˡ
ɼ鱦ϢͷһӾʱѾ˶ݵȷϡͬʱһϢҲ糱ˮȥ
ͨ͵һת־Ȼ׷˳ջûһ֣һͼƬһء
⺣Ϣһͷһϲæ񺰵ǴмˣЩӦкܶöǿԸԼԸԼõ֮ȻܳΪУȻ洦١ƣ㲻䣬ֻҪĿǣǼͬʱʱ׼֣
Ⱥ£ϲѣһæ۾ӺϢ֮ѰԼȤöȻΪ⺣Ϣ̲ǧ֮գ޷һͷҪ걾ԴֻһЩӽˮ׼Ϣ
ˣһ˲ϢõĶ㹻ǰۣõĶֵһӵļʶ˼ǾͲòͣúһǹ˶ֻܶ࿴ۣҪ񣬱סģϢֱ̫ӽǧļǱΪһֻϢûǻ۵Ŀܡ
ǲУֻһıӻ±ĿЩϢȻˣȴһӸǧϢЩ֮гϹԶŵϢϴˢľ꣬豹档
ֻҪ⣬Ժ֮бᱣһ֮ӣһ٣ͻͽǴšҼ֮գҲпֻ֮в֮£ӵݣתͶ̥ͳΪеš
Сף˲ͬȫм䣬ΪΪԭֻܻͷšõЩǧ䣬мʹм໥ײĶھ֮˽˸Ҳǳˡ
һʱ䣬һصˣϹ⻪һϢԶζƺǧ꾫һ㣬ϢľԶΪʵʱһãǺôֳԱĹðٱ


ھһ һе
˵˵Сÿм֮ܣõǧϢϴһһȣȴֲ̫Զɷͬޣ븹У̤Ϲ֮·һר޾̨ԺУʶǿ󶼿ԪӤ֣ǻ۵Ԩһ
һֻж̶̵ļʮȲڳˣܹɵļ䣬ȴʮ
ֻ⻹ʲôڴˮĸ֮ǰһǵõôϢͼ䣬ҲЩǻۺͼˡһȴͬΪˣڶ֮˵еĴڣ춨ĵٵõǻۺͼ䣬Ǿ˲ͬ塣
Ҫ֪￴ţȴǵ֮ԡдǻ۵ĻۣشϹʱʱη֮䣬ǻۣһ𻯷ɣǻۻϿԴͨˣõ˵бɾҵλ
ʱɼ鱦ǧĴмİһǰ͵ηǧ꣬ǻȫǰաǻۻ۳֮Ҫѱ䣬Ҫòһˡ
ȻνһΪؼһ˵ô򵥣ʡȴĻ۹̣һĻᣬҲ߲ҲĻᡣϹڶ֪֮Ⱥ£¶Ҫʵ
˳ŻȡϢ֪ʶʱ򣬴мһ׼ˣһϢʼƮɢ״̬һ⻪ʼ˹ȥʽʼˡ
пʼѸ٣в嶼ջ񻹳ں̺Ϣ֮УͻȻϢϾǶɵʧ
һüͷ΢壬ȻЩ̰Ĳ㣬Ҳ֪̰ͼԵаᶼ˷ѣ˵ġΪΪʳ˿ѷɫֻҲԸԼЩ¾ʹ˳Ϊ׳գͷһתһ
תƽ䣬ػ񣬴ʱѸʱ߾
Сתʩչһת֣ڶûܻعͷȥһ֮Ƿ׷תѹβ֪׷ʲôæݸмһᡣ
ʲô鶼ҪһߣپΪĴм令ϴɳ˶¾ͽͳ졣ЩҩҪʲôҶԸʲôνǧñһʱξǵʱܴм䣬˼ȻˮĸĽƷҲನۣҪǲΣҪȫΪǰ²г⣬˷ʱҪҲ飡
ƽһ˶ΪƴȹؼʱǾܳ⣬ҲòºݻҪԡ
⻰ԭ͸жµʱͷһݡֻĻ࣬ǵûаԹһһЧ˼Ӧŵ֮ĴֵĴ¿ʼ󷨣Ϊģʼų󱦹⣬
ȻﲻúڸַĶķ֮£ԭΪܴм̫࣬ɫЩǺܿƽľȻֳׯصζƺһСѾͷˮĸߡ
һһŵľڴʱһˮĸ洫Ȼɵﵽ˼
ڵĵطͨĹâסвûܵӰ죬ػеȴûܵȻм˽Ĵּÿ죬æסֵ󷨾Ҫ
ô˵ˮĸɭޱȣرһӰ죬ΪνξȻϮˣ
һûһеģֻ벻ͨ˼ԵɣȴЩٴγ֡Ը˿סֻ֮һ˻Ӱˮĸ֮з˳
ոշɳˮĸһѪ㳯һȻ˿͸вأɳû̽ʶʱ͵Ϯ
ǧһʱһͷһһ˫ƿռӲĺ˰Զһָ̣еǿɱӺ洫һоȻǶ֮
һһ֪˭͵ϮԼͰ׻ôáЩǸһ˼ʮɵӣֵħŵľӢӡ
һΣǿʩչռ֮ƶȥȴûôѡΪ֪һȺȻΪߣݺʵֶͣθǲһζܲûô
Ȼѡ񲻶ܣ㽫šһݣȿռ֮˳ͬʱ־һֻ򽣹⽣Ӱֱͬӳһħǹȥһ棬ǹֱĥ
ǹ˸û뵽Ȼ˳־Ϭð򽣹ӭŭֱ֮ӽֶʩչһöԲ顣ҵϾͱըһޱȵǺӣȻ⶷һ𲻷ʤ


ھһ Ⱥ
ôܣ㾹ȻܸʦµġǻԡһʤѵԪӤֲɣʹǻԡӾһժħӢ֮еһˣɱ
һһҲһšһգۼѾڰ֮⣬뿪˲䣬ϰٵֽķд˷ֱŵλãһ¾ЩΣˡ
һ״ӿдһӣǷһĽܳӷЩԾĿһУЩܹ͵Ϯʱһߴ
ߣһΪ嶼ǹ䣬û뵽Ҳ͵ϮҲҪе͵Ϯӣ͵Ϯ˲Цˣ
Сı󣡡ûзӦ
ҷһٶȿٶڤôܹĶ㵽ҺܣʶʶҵٶȰɣ
ͷһͷڶ𣬹Ȼһٶʵ̫죬գ۾ͲڣӰӶƬ֮󣬾һҽдԶһӱֱ棬˲Ƿ˭ˡ
ԭ׼ɱһħԹ۵ɵһԾĲӶΪһΪٶȾȻһǰʧܣǲҰܣֱǲͲܵ顣
һֳʱСĽ䱸нֲֳָ棬ŭָһ㵽ʲôˣȻˮĸڣٱͱǺɱ㣡
⻰ħʮӢӶ˾룬綼һ˫ȡ˳ǵһƵķ
û뵽ǺΪܳľӢӣȻΧһˣµǲС
һм֮Ա˶Щ췢̣ĪĴУԼõˮĸУȴҲܲôˡ
ƴ뵽һݣλѣˮĸᵽǰˣҺƼͷȴˣֻһ˱ǶһҪץסõУͬǶڽӡ
⻰˽ԾͽŵʱƺʱҪ֡
һ״ȻЩˣ绹Щ֣ɱղ֣ƴ˵ЦֹȻ壬ֿ֪˴ܵ˭й¶ȥģλѿ֪ô
ƴһ㶣˫ͨ죬ŭ㣬ԭ㣬ΪʲôҪôʲôô㣬㣬㣬ˣ뵽ԼƼҵļƻȻƻԷΪƺ˲ƴһŭһ𽣹⣬ˮͳһȥ
˶Ѿ׼һ⻰е˼ȴЩɣһֻкƴһ˳˳
һͿ˺ƴ֪ԷҪɱԼûλŹһ磬Ѹײڶٶһƴǰûһ̳
һȻûǰɵ׳Լ֮䣬ж̲У֮죬δѾնһ֮
ƴûϵԼһʱ嶯ȻΣվأͷŭӵͬʱҲòֶηųһˮзɳֱһ˹һֶξȻǵ˺һɫ洫ԪӤעԪ
Сӣ֪ҵƴһץ͹Ԫ߶ֶͼȻҪնɱһ
ֶΣȻ˵ԼƼҵƤ治һĺ񣬺ãã˾ķڷɣ⣬򽣹һ¾а
֮䣬һ⣬нʮǧŰٵ⽣ӰֻӰ϶ͬɽٵһ㣬ޱȵѹֺѹһԪӤԪѹסˡ
˶ȵĽгһ̣ʮǧŰٵ⽣Ӱ˲ϲΪһΪһʮöǵĳһճޱȵһ̣Ȼ谭Ĵ͸ӭԪӤֶΣһ̣֮㣬Ƹߣֱƴǰ
ɱң
ƴͬһ㣬ˣĽܳƽ˵ǼУʧ̬鶼βͬΪооϢ
飡һȴԱߴһɫӰ˭ˡ
һüͷ΢壬òջؽ߿գ磬˵㺣󣬲ǺȺ֮кã


ھŶ Ⱥ
û뵽һȻ֣˵һҲ֪ƴխ졣
Ϊ˱סòһƴ޹УȴûʩԮ֣ºƼ̼ҵĹϵӶӣʱѳǾͻᵼ˥⼸ǧò׵ľӪҪԭΡ
һȻһںֵͬʱɵöһݸе
֪ʦкδ⻰ƺҺЩϵǴ˼᲻ͳҲñĺã
һ֪ѩ϶ܿЩߣѾָ˱ĿǳϢȫͬᱻϳ
Ǻǣ̵˵Цˣ²ҰһŴɵĺϵᣬǸûСǰΪˮĸǰҲΪˮĸֻǾְˣ
ԣü΢˵ļ϶Ѿáһɫ֮е̽ⷨ̽һõĽȴǶԷʶ˰㲻ֶͬεر
Ҫ˵ȴԱа˳΢΢һЦ̵ҲضѴˣȻλҧҪҵˮĸУǾǵĵˣʲôһ̻Ҫȥˡ㺣ԸǾȥɣҵԼҲǿԵġ
а⻰˵úܶ⡮ȥɲ򵥵˱һߣ˳ˮĸᣬúΪŽ˳Ǻġ
ĴϻȻȻ˽һһʲôˣʱΪаĻħڻ񣬸ݲøʱ俼ǡ
ãȻѲϱݣҪҵˮĸǾֻܵˣ
ص֮УԴмĿһЩŹȵĺƴһۣһˮһ˫񹴣ÿһˮȻһȪˮԼֶˡ
ͷҲ׷׽ǿֶηųǷŲ㱻һնɱĺƴһ뵽ԼȻȣһǵͨ죬ŭŽ˱ֶ֮ζʩչ
ʱ쵶⽣Ӱֶγһһ״Ȼŭһε俪ȥ
˼״ΪһҪӣ׷ݹ׷ȥǰ֣֪һޱȵٶȺǿʵȻǶʮţȴҲ뵱ͷֻԶԶķŷͷĸһ
㣬һǰɣں׷һֱɳˮĸ棬ɵһϣ˴ƿ㣬Բʮȫȫ㹻˴սˡ
ãˣҼʶʶЩӢӣмＸɣ
һͣ½⣬һЦ˫һɳһнⶼͬһ㣬ɿڶֶײһը죬콣ǺӢӵڶֶͬʱ
ǾӢӣȻһȲӢĽһȴһ㲻ˣ˵ԪӤ˼ԶԶӿңҾҪһȺӢӢ̤ؼһɣ
ЩһڽѾʮֱϾ确޽򽣡ûʮǧŰٵӰֱ۵ı֡һҲؼһȴٳṳ̂
һˣȵƬ걾Դˮĸָ㣬ٺһͨ˵Ÿõµļ䴫Сһ׮׮һ붼ĺôˣȻôȥ
ͺƴһоͻڼ£һΪ˻УǲԸʹ˷ŹᣬŽһȺӢͻơ
һȺӢȻ֪֪µҪըˡ㲻֪ҲȫɱһΪǵˮĸ֮һǽ
Ȼһһ֮˹ȴûһӵ˼Ϊǿһ죬ٱ̬ԪӤڵսʹȥʮ˺֮£ȫܻɱԪӤȻһ
ĵݵʩչֶΣǺӢû˿˼ɺͱһֶʩչˮڵĻ𹥣ժǸѪϴ¥Ѫ츳ͨǿ׳ȫǺһǿֶΡ
˷ֶβͬһֶ򵥵˲٣һ֣ǻû򽣶ûʹáһһ֮ңûһֶܹһ֮ٶǼ죬ݵļֶͬʱÿһĴ߽⡣
һȺӢֻõѣСĶһ˿һպ෴ŽʹãԽԽоԼ򽣵ľ磬ֻǻͱһ㴰ֽʽˡ
ʱһޱȵϢԶ˹һ־ͽڳ˵Ϣѹ


ھŶһ 
ԪӤ𣬲ԪӤԪӤڸ֣һͷһݣûû뵽Լһ⣬ܹ˼䣬ŻһԪӤڸ֡
ھӢҲе˵ɫһжϲǾֶǿϲժħаɱ
ãúãǰˣɱһ˻ֶΣֱѹƵڣͷĶһĺ¾ֻȺƴԲһ㣬еժǸ֣ﻹȸԾ
⻰ɫЩÿɫ˿˼һĹҲͣȻǵȴ˵Լ̬ȡ
¸¡¸¡ðԭǶ̫ˣӦÿҵˮĸ˰ɣܺãܺãˮĸнϷӱ֤ɱǱǣ
˺ɫǵۣǴ˼ĺ˭ˣֻǱ̫Ӳ֪ȥ
ʦˣǵþаæǰȥһСӣƺԷԼϵһ㡣
ʦãһСӣ֮ǰˮĸˣʵǿʦٳնɱˮĸһжǵɱϣһɱ
Ը¸һЦãſ˿ȫǿ˿ִһԼƺϢòȴûӡ󡣲ܿͽ뷨֮Ժ󣬱ϾʱˮĸĴҪ
ԭСӣȻˮĸΪߣû뵽ȻܹȷʵЩ¡ѾˣڡȻԸ⽫֪ˮĸ鶼˵һԿһĹȥɣ
һͰӣԸͷЦüԵϹ㲻Ӳļһˣ˲ˮĸĴֶܹȾָģ£˵ûܱһȫʬ֮Ҫˡ
ʲôӱ˼꣬һα˵ϹԭıʱתŭһСӲ񣬿ڳԣһһǹֱ£ͬʵʵɽֱӳһȥ
ֱӳ֣һϲǰЩӢһսȻԽԽӽһΪѹоһߡ
úӽ󷨴ʦۺʵͬҪǿһԵȴҪһ֣ٺòĶ֣һڼŭ˶⣬ҪᣬѹƳһ
ߺһúáһν죬ֱӳɽһǹնȥһ֮ݻ򽣷ÿһĥһǹ⣬һȻȥɺһǹ⡣
ڳڵӶĪǺӸǳԾΪһһ֣֮ƽ
ӵʲôˣѵǴ˵еĽޡ޺ųսǿʿǺԴӴ֮ǰ䣬еĽ޴жѾϾǧûм޵ĴڣôôһСأѵǴ˼ôǧ궼ûˣ⺣ɷҵߴ޷ȥô˽˼䡣ҲżȻ˽޴У޳һЩֶΰˡˣҲʲôˣڵС̫ţҪúýѵǰһľСҲˣûеˬ˵һɧξСЩС֪ɣ
뵽˴ЦһָһСܣ
˵䣬ٴνԪעǹ֮УʹԭɽǹⶸȻʮһӾͽһƸѹ
оӵѹһϲѣΪоӵѹǲ㴰ֽͱڼʱһļµĸоĵӿ֣ƺĵطеҪΪǲܿߣԤΣա
Ȼ֪ΪָоָоöҲһΣͷһӲǹͬʱϹû뵽ΪֶͣȴǲУҴʲôȡĹ
ӻûеͱһͷаϴܣƿڴ㣬㣬㣬СãããҪңѻǣħѻѪɱɱɱ󡭡
һͲ˾ɱȫӳֵǹ֮ϣʱǹⶼɱڻûɱУǵصӿһнȻʱƵĿܡ


ھŶ Ǳ
ٰԪӤڸ֣ʵǷͬǲܹ㿪󷨹붼Ҫܿ䣬Ҳֻٶȼĸֲпֵܴһˡ
˵һһʼʱͽٶʩչռ֮ϡ⽣ݡٶ˵ûܱܿ󷨣ȴûΪ˱ԼǱͻƵǰľ磬һʼͷٶȵƣѡӲƴ
ʱӽǹɱȻ确Сѿգ确žŹһۺ񣬶һ㲻ȫһֱ˵ѹѰԪӤڣԪӤڶ׽ѳһʵ֮£ҲԳ
Сɣ֪˰ɣϧˣĽļգ
ͱһˣٹ˲ø󣬷Цͬʱָһ㣬ƶתĿ֣ԭɷѵ󷨸ԭǿֿһ͵ĳ·ѹȥ
ɷ˫ǧ򻯣ģƣƣƣ
ơ֣һһ֮ɷ֮ԪΪһɣӳǽϣĶǽ϶ʮöͽҫͬǸ߹ҡ
һ̣ǽÿһ˲ǧŰپʮŴεٶȲ仯ͬʱǧŰپʮо־ļӳ֮£ÿһн˽𵤵һͬԪӤҲҪס
ȫһУԭѸѹͷֵöʱһͬʱǾǧŰپʮŵһֱָڣݺ䣬ȻֱӰɽһǹǾõ
ôܣӱΪʤȯգɨСýˮĸ֮һʤ뵽һƴȫȻ˹ѾһӣôһٶһΣӵ˼ŭһ˫ץͽĶ
֮ڱ仯ϴܹԶ˿ƺԶתдĲͬŭĺڲʲôԴС˵ԲԿƣֱͬն
ħûʮͷѪŵĺħպգѻУһĹ֣ѻ֮ѪɱУһѪɫ⽣Ӱս
һ̣ڲ٣ɱ쾫£ԳպͬʱһһɵٴνһĽڸƾƻǿһȴٴҲƴħɱ
һѾȫԸӳʮɵ֮𵤷תԭʩϵѹҲͬڵУϣѹù⻪ѣһģѹѹʵʵܹӹ˽٣һľ㲻𵤺ڣҲԶˡ
һΣ׽һѹ˵ϣǿϷ¸ѣ¶ǽڵıϽʮƹ⻪˸赲һ˺ѹٴҲһֺ
ʲôƷӲ㽫Ӷ˳ƷʲôǺڸֻʱƵķ
Ҫ֪ƷԽߣѵʱ侫Խ࣬һһƷҲѽ𵤸һµʱ䣬һƷҲԪӤ˰ʱ䣬һƷҪڸʮʱ䡣
˵££ڸȻܹǧ꣬ҪΪҪֶΣҪƷҴǧҲݼš˵ԽǸԽϧԽ˷ʱ䡣ԼΪƷ
˵һƷƷķȻȴҲܹõƷϵķȴмУһҲָ̱ȥݣȴҲõġ
˵ˮĸ󱦲ǰôһϼѵķҲ۲ѣͷһñǵõҾٲҲʱ͵ϮˣʱǺڸֶҪ˱ܣʱ򼴱ˮǳҲбᱦıǮˣ
̴žžֱ죬ӾͲЦǼӴҪͻƽ׵ıɱһõѵõķ
ֻǺӲ֪ھµһû˿־ޱȵļģȻɽ֮أȴһ˿ѰζЦݡ
Ͳһ˿Ͳһ㣬ҪԾţҪնҪɣ
һͷҪһŨһ֣ϽҲԽ⣬ԭǿһɵľǧŰپʮŵȻһֺĵĸоƺһ̣вͬĽоȻͬһУٲʲôǧ򽣣Ϊһ
ʱ˷źӺеһ˿ԾⲻԾĸоط£ǾΪѹֵͬɷ


ھŶ ħ
ô£֮ôһĥ֮⣬ԶֿƵĴ󣬱ԪӤڸֶҪĥ𣬶ڸֶӣһСһһףôܷڳʲôӵóģ
ȻɻȴԼֶʮַģֻĥһͺȡǿʵʶҲǱ֮ˣתͷһֱԹڲھӢӡ
Ϊӵĵժħ֮ľӢӶоԾԲ˵ԶЩټһƺЩǺܿ;ۻһ𣬿ӾȻǴ˺
Ǽһ˿ѿЦݣλʦֶ֪ɵ˼䷢ЩʲôٸңȡˮĸԸ⺣塣
⻰Գɻ֮ɫû˿˵ֻһԵаڴ֪˵Щʲô¶һ˿Цݣһ䵽ƴǰʦֶ˵ˮĸڶƼҷֵģƺϵСӣʦֶ֪˼һЩˡ
ƴǰһǱȴֻǷŭȴû̫֮⣬Ϊĵ׾ý𵤸Ҳ޶ȵġԺӣоͲһˡΪǳħͷʵ֮ǿ˵һٸҲӮ˶Է
ǰˮĸȻҺƼҷ֣ȴϵãֻǵҰŵ֪˾ȻˮĸУǰˣֻǣһŲ֪
ţ֪ˮĸҪԣΪƴҪסԼɫʱѿ˼֡
ƴ״ͷп಻ʵ֪ҲЩˣӲţҪܡ˵˵Ҳûа
ʱһԴŮһ̺ǰǰߴͽ̡
û뵽һ绹˸ҽӣתͷȥ˭ˡͷһ̼зֵڣĵ׵ŭҲѹ
ԭʦֶк£˵ǣ
лǰʵǣǰˮʦ˵ҵȵǰȡˮĸУΪʦ˴ѵʲôʲɣ
һ仰ʵúãѯ˺ָһ̨£ʲô⣬ȴ˼ǿĸָˡ
ԹȻ˵ͷԭǴ£ȷʵȽ˼䣬֪ǰ뿪ʱ򣬺žͳ̫ӡҲǺڸ֣һ־ˮѴһɿΪԷһȡˮĸˮֲǰˣλʦֶǿǽˣɷҴ˼ˣ
⻰ٲΰ룬ɻ󲻽⣬ǱѩҲ˼֡ͷԭˣĻƾʮֽˣҵҲòҴţֱǰǡֻǡ
ڷɶͷһϲ⡰ֻǡ֣ȴһ㶣æֻʲôʦֶ˵ǡ
˵ͷһָɷޱȵľش󣬵ֻҵ˴ҲƬ̣ʲôûз֣ò׷һȴΣأҵȱƽƵʱ򣬴˱ˡҪ˵֪ĻӦòİɣ
û羹Ȼ˵ⷬͷһҪһųĨɱˣʧȥˮĸȻҪȴٴתͷ¶һ˿ƻЦݵʦֶ̼ҵĸߵڣǼƱƲߣûɱҡȻˣҲϷˣٽ֪ܽһ򣬺ߺߣݹҺӳ飡
ͻȻ׼תֵ˶ʱһæ˿ȥӽһƣһͷ˳䣬
ʱ򣬺ֵ£֮Ѫѳ󷨣һЦɵǰһӣƺһ㡣
ﻹ֪©ķֲ⣬Ƣޱ飬ƣµ̵סһһͽһһ߹ƿڴ
⻰Ѫϴ¥ɫЩѿаȴǹһЦªŵļһժħѪϴ¥һңʮǰˮĸƴħ洴£Щ겻躹޲ŷֳңˮĸħ洫м֣ȻºϲЩһ⺣ȡУһͳɨµʱǿϹ鸽ǲ£ڤ粻飬ǻҲͰˣǽ
ʲôϢƾըףǲɵ壬û뵽ƽＸħžȻͬһһʮǰ֮еħɴµһ


ھŶ ̫
Ǻߴ֮Уˮĸ֧½ǨţиԨԴĴڣΨժħѪϴ¥ħŷɿɳġ
˶ΪħܹչɴΪħŹٶȿ٣뵽ħžȻô򵥣ǲħУұһţҪǣǲ˼ĴУħħɸµĺ֡
ɵĵӵ֪ƿǸû뵽ħصôƵôʱͻȻı֮νˡ
˲˵аٺһЦڻһǰƴ磬Ǻųˮĸ֧Ȼ֪ٶƣǲҲ˵Լˮĸļ̳ˣҲ˽һ˵ɣһںʦǰ飬򣬺ߺߣСӾǵİ
֮У˿ֵ󷨣һüͷȴû˴𻰡˰ΣӸ¸һЦһƳ󷨰ȥǧ򻯵֮гһͷѪɫʨ͵ľͳһӢȥ
ԭͷͿֵ󷨣һٱֶιͷп಻һҡһ仯ƵľӥڳҪ
ĿľɱӺο㿪һһ䣬ѪɫʨȻǴʮվһߣ븹Уһ˻ҽ֮ǹûϢ˵һУһǰ;ӵܾ䵱
ӵһȺСΪʱ䣬ٲ˵ҪҲã
⻰ԭЩ˲ͷһ¡һХΪͬķȳֳ֣һɫëһȣǧƾɣεϯŻҡչʮɵĴǷ塣
붯֣һֵһȡһö𽣣ײһ𣬱ĳȽâҫ𣬽١
Ҳ׷׽ֶʩչſһʲôҡһ仯ʮɳýԣڣ֮ǿȻԪӤˮ׼ųһöɫ·Ľ̤أɳëǣһ㲻ơ
ӶųԱֶΣһսʱԪӤˮ׼ֶΪһԪӤϢȪˮƥߡƥϢ뵱ǵʱΪƣֻǻмӣǿ㣬ȻҲˮ飬ֻΪһǿķˡ
µʮӢͬʱȻͬ죬ͽסǵ󷨸һ׷˳ֻԺӣǻЩɻ䣬ǰ
ǾӢӣﶼб㲻ˮĸɱҲһСƸҲ֪ǵ᲻Щϼһʹ
ʹֳڣӱ㿪ʼ֣˫һ캮ֱ䣬ÿÿһźǾһ󷨣Ȼÿһ󣬵ǧ໥ǣһ֮󣬱һڼӳľӢӶЩֵסֻܻһ飬סݰˡ
ߣɶħѪϴ¥ժħȻħ£ƭôЩ꣬ϲ⣬õǳȥһɱɾ
˵ףħҵȼ㽫ѹֶζʩչȴҲֵס˵ǻܶˮĸкʲôħɵĴУʱħźϲһܹɨأ˵ɥʮǰˮĸܹħɣҵȾܴħš
һһȻ߿ȴûһͻΧֻ֮һǾǵȣȴԮǰ
ȻǺȥһƶ󷨣һ氲а뿪ȥ̽ˮĸãںӵ£һǻԵĴĥһȺӢӣÿÿһȥӢӵƾȥһ֣һӣһȺӢӱԵ᧿Σ
ʱһҽдӴ⴫аһ˵ײײķ˽һǱһ֣ǿʲôֲһ㡣
ô£ѵǼ˲ɣΪӼǳ
а׼˵ȴһҹʧԭأһǲǼˣǼˣӣѱƭúÿడ
Ǳȵβһ͵󷨽Լ룬еôӵóˮĸӡħĵط
аʧĵطһӰƾճ֣һݣһͬ˼̫˭ˣֻǴʱڣҲмѪۣԵǱѣƺǳʲô˴һ㡣


ھŶ ̫ӱ
ߺߣӰӣɽúòҰ˱Ūķ˸ʴµı׼ں϶ΪһʹͨɵĻᶼƻˣ˵̫Ӹθлźð
̫˵Żʱ򣬼һһ٣ҧгݣʹζԱ˿л˼ֱɱʱҲ˰ˡ
ԭ̫ӽ˼䡣Ϊħɴд⣬̫ӷǵûɱ˺ӣ·ûȡħɴС
ֻ̫Ȼƻȴӽթһʼͱʾģ̫ӵһ֮󣬾ʹ̫νħɴڡǱֳϧһУȫ򿪷ӡΪ̫ɨǰ·
ʵϺӵĿõˮĸѹħɵֶɱ̫ӡ̫ΪõħɴеʱͻȻ𣬷ˮĸ󷨽ƣ̫УԼһ˳
պ룬ˮĸֶοѹ˼ħ棬Լֻܹħֶοһ֧ĽƣҪԸǺڵ̫Ӧ׾١㲻ܹɱҪһʮ˼һû⡣
ֻû뵽ˮĸʵǰһϵˮĸ׵ıʣӡħɵĽѾȫ̫ӸֶΣ󲻵òǿнԭƻڷջرĿռ֮Ҳǰջأֶδһ˿϶˿ռ֮ѳӡ
̫ӳ˷ӡ֮أһ뷨Ǳ𡣲ھŲ㷶Χ̫㣬һʱȻҲˡʱҪźӿħӡаˡ
аȻǽܳӣվֻǵӣǳϣ̫ĺڴֱ⣬̫ҪǴ·ͰǾɱˡ̫һ㣬ҵҵݺĺӡ
һкӲһȺӢڣ϶ðȥˮĸУҸطˡ뵽ոշûжã˸ĺˡ
һתСЦ̫ӵ£ڳˣ֪̫ӵµõħ洫ûУ½ӡ֮صʱС˱ͬϵȻ棬ѲЩСѯܷӪȵ£³ˣǿϲɺذ
̫Ҳ޴֮һεȻϵڶΣʱľɱ˺ӣﻹһһӣǰУֱӶ
ӼԼʱֶûдЧҲЦɫһ䣬Ҳֶʩչʮ˵ѪӤ֣˲һѪӴ󣬾Ѫ˾ͳ̫Ӻоȥ
СҲ񣬿̫ӵĿռи
̫Цһεζ𣬷֮ʱ΢Ŀռѷ֣ռѷ콻棬ʱڳһԴֵĿռѷ죬ֱնѪӴϡ͵һײѪϵѪɷϢһ֡
ǣռѷγһǿѪӣֻܲϵײ棬ƾʩοƣ޷ѿȥ
ԪӤںͺڵĲȻԪӤڸ֣Ǻڵ̫ӣ̫ӳֻзڸܹƵĿռͨȫһԵȵս
ӱΪһӣ֪ԼΣڵϦɵٴĵ̫ӣٸһλᣬСĹ鸽Ը⽫ħ洫нΪ
̫Цӣ֪ôԸôҲҪһؽץԼѪϣȻѪһչ͵ƣ㣬ֱɢһ̣
⻰ͷһԼǳħţȻֶ֪Ը˵ֶΣȻҲǶˣ̫ҪԸֶαǲ̫Զ
ͷһתԴľӢӵλʦֶҺԴ˷ģǴ˴ңҺӾٲˮĸ飬жǵģǲңͷ̫ҲŹǵģ
еľӢͿ⻰Ҳɵ˼еͬӣеķԣ̬ףһƲߡ
գӵõ϶Ĵ𸴣ͷһϲæջ󷨣Ӿ˳Ҫ˰æʱ򣬾˸ҲŤͷߣ˷ȥ
һĻλ֪Լ˵˸Լףû뵽ȻԼһʱ֮۴вѡһת̫ˣ˵ȥᴫȥˡ̫׼ҪɱܽҲ
ۿһ󷨱̫ӵĿռͨĥ𣬺ӱͬȹϵϣȻþѹȥһֱûжһǱߡ


ھŶ ϲ
ӵһһ̫УǰһȺӢֻûע⣬һμųʲôˣ̫ο⡣
̫һʧԭأһ̾Ӻ;֮䣬ʱ׼ȥĺӸ˻
ߣӣͲҪʲôˣǹԹɣ
̫˫ֳһץʮɴСצӰÿһצӰϿռѺ˺ӻæַ󷨣ֱóòƵͼȴҲֻʮǿĵֵţҪͻΧȴϼѡ
̫Ӽס˺ӣȤĳ󷽾󷨿ȥ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣȻҪ˾󣬼Ȼ򿪣Ǳ̫ӾͰһæ˼ȻӦֳԹǴʶʱҾ£һɱ㣡
̫Ƕ뷨ʮ⣬Ц̧һӣһɻɵĿռ֮͵һֱȡ󷨡Ҫȡʣ󷨵ʱ򣬱͵ĹɲǼ䣬һ׹صԴƴֱ̫Ӷ
ʲô󵨣̫ӾȻҲеһ˿ввȻȲͬô壬ȴһϵѹȣԼһжҪһ֮һΪĸо
һʻԸǣվɳͬǣԽǷɽľԽʵһգ̫ǰʱǴ׳һѾһߡ
̫ȻоһߣƿֲķͲʩչΪԼ̫࣬ԶԶӡΪ̫ӺϺŵ£Լ˺ŭһųһռѷ죬ͳԴȥ
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һ죬һֱ֮װڿռѷϣֱӽռѷ˽ȥ
ռ֮ôܣѵ
ѵֻû˵ڣһѾɱǰ̫˫һץһǳǳĺڶϣһɷȻԸֵס
ʱ֮бӰÿһӰʵĪ磬ɢͬʱһǶȵĪĽӰ˲ʵΨһһʵ̫Ӳһȥ
һ̼򵥵˵ĸоȴ򽣴һ㣬һ֮֮㲻ȥӲΨһֻǵֵӲ
ʲô̫Щŭˣ۵һ˫ųݺύĿռѷ쳯ǽȥ
һ̣֮еٴչһ֮ռѷȥͬʱһ̫ӲһƤҲ̲ȥɼ̣һѪҲ˽ȥƬҲɣһУԶݡ
̫ӳҲûܹˣԹΪ͵ƺ˺⻹ǵڶΣһǺӡ
һ֮ھȻοǰһλ˵ǱƣһαˣȻһԼ⣬С˸˲Ϣָܹ̫ͷķŭͬɽ緢ڼ
ˣʲôˣ˱̫ӣٱ̫Ҫɱȫңţ
ɵԶֳͣһһ˭ˡʱǰ˲ͬȻڣͷɢǱѣȴɷûаɫ˵ǳʲô󲹵һ
ԭһڱӾǿѹ˲䣬ѹһͻ򽣵޽򽣡޽޽ﲻΪľ硣
⡮޽򽣡ڽ֮һͨˣû⣬ԪӤмһƬͨ;ͨǾٲά裬ֻѰ·
ҡ޽򽣡ǽ޾磬ǲľ֮˵ʵʵսǧŰپʮŽȻֻһȴԨ֮һ򽣣򽣹һнеڻͨΪһһʮһʵķԾ
Ҳһ̣һ֪˾ͽĺħûȫ˵ûн鱦Ϊоƾ轣ɷ֮͡޽򽣡ѾﵽӲƴѰԪӤֵĵز˵˾ͽʮܽ͡
Ҳһ̣һ֪ΪʲôͬԪӤڣԼʦ𺫳ܹѹ֣ͬԶͬ٭ĵλ
ͻơ޽򽣡һͷáԣҪХ
ͻƽ磬Ҫƾ󷨣һսʱ̫ӵĳȴʱ˼
ͨͨİ淢֪ʮ֮˾š˵ԸԪӤĺӲƴĻԸڵ̫ӣЩˡ뵽ԼΣָǲǾ̫ӡ
Ϊ˽һûżȺ̫Ӵòɿֱ̫󷨣ͻȻ֣Ҹһϲ


ھŶ ʦͽ
̫ӵĺУһ˼һת˿̫ӣתͳӷȥѸײڶٶȸϵÿռֱ֮ӻ赲ӵļռ֮
ӱȳͷνǾϲӡһѹȴû뵽ų֮ʵȻ˲٣ԳԾСһȻţϲһȻ̫ӣ֮аֵ˼ŭ
ں˼⣬ʲô취󻯵һﵽԼʱһжֱڵ
ӲμʦʦùȻ޷죬ƭ˺ɣΪŻˮĸºͣһƣʲôƭʦƲɣһ˵žͳӹһݣƺӾĴʦһ㡣
ӱЩ˵һңֻ²һҪݺʲôʦʲôƭʲô
һҲȺ˵˵ӵʲô¾£̣뺣ڲθ㣬θӢ䡣һſʶͨһ±컨׹ֱһ
ǺԪӤΪһķΪǳ򾳽磬Σ֮ҪΪԼǹ֮Ӣ䣬õӴڲʦ
ͻȻһʵǿͽܣӿɰҲ˲һ˵βã̫͵ʱ̫ϵĺ˪ŵóһ亹
˭ȻɶѵҪҲôֻǴʱҾϣ̫ҲŹˣ͸ȥֻҪףĻҲ˲١
뵽Ӻòʰ飬˵ͷһʦͽҪ˵ˣһͬԸǸ̫ӣ
һԣǹһ˿üƵЦݣҲӣһӦŵҪ齣̫ɱȥֵǰһ̣һúѪĻһд
ʦ֮ӲҲӣӻ˸лʦһᣬǼǰʦһڤᣬͽѣ˵ʦһ֮ˣ
һӻûӦ̫ӷӦŭһʲôϹȻڤĿռ֮
һ¶һԺڤĿռ֮Ȼҵõֻһ꣬ʦæѾЩĲ˵ͨǲʦ˵ΪħūۣרΪͨúã
󵨣̫Ϊ󣬴û˸ǰ˵ȼɻĻ˵ڤҫһ뵽ǰõ飬ʱһⱩ¶ġʵ³ʮ֮˾š
ӣð̫ˣȻҴڤһ⣬Ҿ˵ǲĵܵȻʵ£ռͨǺڸҲһءĽˣҲǣעⶼҴ򣬸οˣãããձһԿռᣬҪȡȥ
û뵽һȻһ֡ȻҲ˵ʮ̫ɵ飬ȴûйĹ˭֪㱻һ߼޻ӦһݣҪϣҲûšͷǸڣԹޣ޲ýһʬΡ
ʦ磬Ǵʱ֣ʱһӽ͵Ļᣬִǽһֱӽٽ͡򽣾ʩչڵĳ̫ӳɱȥ
ӣ̫ͱŭͷԣһͲϸ˼⣬ŭһͿʼΧֱӽʦͽС
ǡưͳԻп˵⹥붼ԼҲӲˣֻô𱯷ߵ飬ٴ̫ս
һʵȻ֮Ϊ̫ӴҪܵѹȻСпռ֮ޱȵĽ֡һΨֱ֮ĿռֶΣٶ֮죬ֻҪ̫ӲȫԸץɵ˷
ҲΪһĴڣȡ̫Ӵ󲿷ֵĿռֶΣʹúȻɱѹŴ򣬵ǰȴ˲٣ǰ᧿Σݱˡ
̫ӣȻʩչסΪ弶ֵȻһԪӤһ𵤶ʰͷŭǵԽԽǿֵһбһǿһбһ׺ݣ춼ǴССĿռѷ죬צӡУӰ
ǻһ𵤵ӣ˵ԪӤ˽˼䣬²һҪˣٶ̾Ҫ
̫ӴӺһ̥ʱ򣬺һɳǵĺͻȻӿ˵ͷ


ھŶ 
⵽ʲôһϢȻаײУ̫ϾһȻҲһϢоԾǿ־塣
ţϢôϤħħһûУʲôһսɻ֮ɫ
֮УǺ˲ͬľɲϲ֮ɫȻЦ˷ħˣħˣħˣСժħħˣûħ˾ȻƷǿϲɺأħ˴ͼһɣ
⻰̫ӺһͬʱһǶ֪˼һħɼħ棬ǵ걻ˮĸԷӡѹĴڣû뵽λħڷӡʮ֮Ȼ֡
ħɸ֣ϢȻǿңˮĸķһǿ󣬵ʲôأֻǲʲôˣʱڽдУ򲻿ȥţǰҲΣˣ
һͷ˼ǧһ˲ǧͷɹһξȻûõĽ취ֻǿ׼һЩӦֶΣҲý
ߣװŪʮ£ˮĸķӡħڣҲˣߺˣ̫ٳ̫ӳ־Ҫ̫Ҳоԣ߾ʮǰħɸ֡
Ӽ״Գ֮ɫССһֻ񣬾͸ҸħħʮûѪʳڤѪʢܹħˣ
㣡ߣøӣ̫ͷһȻ˾ħɣҲ֪ǿߣΪǿնɱٶԷһ˿ս
̫ջضԸһֶΣһǰʮɣ̧һץռѷֱӽɱ
ͽңӶʱּæ
һֻϣ˷ʱκķǵˣһЦЦʦ𰡣ˡӰĪ
ʲô̫ȴףֻΪԼãٺһЦ룬ļһ˵ţצռѷ쵱ͷץ¡
ȻȴֻԪӤεֵס̫ȫ󷨱צ飬ۼռѷͷҪ
ħν´󣬱ǺȸҲɫģȻô
ߣʲôħ棬ҽɱˣٽװŪļһץɱ˱ǣ
ǧһʱһвŮļЦСӣҿڳԣҪ
˵һХӵ⴫һâХȻпԽռĸоֱӴڿռѷϣâͿռѷ쾹Ȼͬھ̫Ӻͺͬʱܵһɱը֮Ӱ죬ͬʱըʮԶ
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Ƭ֮һڵĴ󽣻նһ󷨺ƮɽֻһɫɳԳһŤժħʮ㵱ͷµİɣ
ţôһ£һ޺ħǵĹòƾͽʲôժħɣһ֮дȻǰвͬ
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ٺ٣ʮǼҲͦõģ˭ҪȥҲһʮҿԸ˰һŵ˳
һʱ֮䣬һӺɫ󽣴Ťײϱ仯ƺÿͻһ꣬ÿ궼ǶĴһ㡣
ڴħĺӵ˵ħ֮²˽̫ӡһһԾĿһĻзһĻĻԾĲǱģһ󽣾ȻʮŵõõǱɫ鱦̽ΨһĲ𲻹״СԼϢǿ
ѵνħ澹Ȼǵħɣһ鱦һһףһ鱦ħʮ׽ɣ
һһ뵽ͲЩһӲдûǵĲħ๦һʮһħ֮ǿ·Ҳһõɣ


ھŶ ޺׽֮
Ƭ֮޺׽һɫһ䡣˿̲һǺӺ̫ӶԼԵһ鱦ħҴƺǵħʹõ鱦
ν鱦֮һ̬û˵£ƿߡֻѰ£Ǳʹʱת⣬鱦ǳ˯£ԿĿޡ
֮ɣħȵȣ鱦֮Ҳƶ񣬺û޺׽ǵλħײޱȵַƶɣɱ¾Ѫ
ֻʮǰħսˮĸһѹڴ˼䡣мһγЩʣǷ˳Ȼûа취ӳˮĸҲǲһЩֶΡνѪϴ¥ժħЩ鱦ٽħɵ崫ˡ
ֻˮĸɼ鱦ԶѰ鱦˵ˮĸһλǿ֣߳ǷˮĸУڽʮꡣбҪƾȥնʧܸա
Ѱ£Щ޺׽඼ڳ˯Ϊ˱סѡ񵱳ˮĸӡħɵڡħɱӡ޷ֿĻᣬԼ˵ľסԼ鲻¡
һΣΪӽӡԸ̫ӣұ̫ƷĶֱӴӳ˯֮תţ˴ս˲Сʮ޺׽㳲ǰ
ħɣºҲˣһǳЩαħҲ֪֪ԼвС֮ʱͷô롣
ľʱ׽ϴһ϶ʲôʮˣ˵Ǹɷļһ⻹ǵһˡȻЩ˵ˮĸĽѾˣ޲T׽ؼյʱ伴٣ʱ򲻺׼Ҫ
һʱѹǱ޲T׽ĹƺʲôƬ֮һ̶ļХ׽ϴһײе¸£λֳúϢɣʮЩһһλֳʧģ
׽ϵ׽仯һףһЦĿ˵¸£ҵȴ޺ʮɱ¾סɷơ顢СŰΪţ˱ʮãǱҪ֪ʮûɱˣЩֳͰǸɱˣҲͬɱ˶û˼һҪܱҪʹĸо¸¡
⻰֮Ƿ֮⣬ͷЩֻ˶ִеˣڳԾͬʱʱ޺׽ƺ½˼֣Ϊ˯ԭ
Ȼʱ޺׽к弶Ϣڳǿ̫ӻҪǿһֻ֣ҪǿȥǾͲ˼·ʶԺ֮ȴ˸Ե
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ʦүҪ˰ӺժħӣǧǰΪ˰ݼʦүӭʦүطţܱڶӲΰݰʦү鰡
˵زʣۻƽȡȻǺɣ֮͵ߵĴڡվѲˡ֮һ֣ΪҲ𾴣֮Уؽ¥֮е鱻Ϊ񡯣λȳϸ
޺׽ΪôڣȻµժħѪϴ¥Ŀĳáһ£˵أǴǿˣ˵ֱӽ֮ո
ӱϥһ̫һ˿ģҲЩԾ˹źͷת
һϵĿ޺׽ƺ浱Էʦүһ㡣ʱ޺׽׹һǣЦðõúܣʮ̵ĺͽܣϧˣҿɲôûɱˣɱһأ
⻰ɫ͵һ䣬ŭһ󣬷˫ͬʱʮųͬ޵޲T׽ɱȥ
ײŭϲ¸һЦȻħˣȻʦү֣ʦ棬ð̫ǲ治ɱ㣬㾹ȻҪɱķ
˵䣬׽һ𣬱ʮ⣬һһ󣬳֮УۼǿպյĴڸĽɱ֮£Ȼһ̶ֵס׷鿪
ʵͷƣƭȡ޺׽Σɱһ֮ٴţһ֮ѹȡһħ鱦ӴժħԽʵѹȺۣˮĸ
û뵽ȻһףֱӾҪɱֻֻܱʵ̫⣬Ȼ׼ããֻһ߷ˣһ߳һ̫ӿеǻæҲܲˣ


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һһ̫ӽһ񡣴Ӹղšһ¿Կ׽תһƿأȻ½٣һʹƺ󷨵ʵȴʵʵĺʵ
һͷһȻܹǿԪӤڸ־ҪڸֶսȴԵЩڳһӶڸ֣ʶȻӣһ˿ɿƵĸо
һ̫ͬӿзһ˿̰֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ȻϺ÷鱦֮֮١֮УֻǶΪĴڣ鱦ڡʶûһ
ǰһ鱦ǵħʹõ鱦õȻһԾڶ̫֮ϣƽƽǲܡ鱦Ȼûȫɱǣеڸһո鱦Ļᡣ
Сӣ˵թ˫̫ӻţ̫ˡ㾹Ȼñ̫ӣǸվⲻһý֮¹ȥ̫ӾŹ㣡
һ仯̫Ҳһӵ֮䲢ûʲôʦݡȻߺٴαˣŪʱͷҪǵõ鱦鱦ÿһ˾ͶһʶҲֻߺʱ£˵ˡ֮һͳ˹ȥԥĶ
һԣüͷ΢壬ǹһ˿ĪЦ⣬ǼЦЦһҲ𽣹ȥ
Լ֣ŭϲ¸һЦܺãܺãҪԽǷԽǸˣɱ̫û˼Ҿϲϣһĥھ֮ʹȥֿУǲǱõϣ¸¡
Ц֮У˲佫ĻӰ뽣֮УҲٲ仯⣬Ǳ廯һâ˳ɱ
Ȼ֪ԷֻкҵʵһûаģԶóǿʵ
ԭǰӻһ֡ҧг֮䣬ųһƵľһһħѪֳĿ֮£ַֺϺϣǻһ󣬶󽻲棬Ȼɽƣʵʵһķǵ⽣ӰǸṴ棬Ϊһƿɱ˳
̫־ڶᱦҲîϧķԪɿĿռ֮ÿһһֱ۴ϸĿռڿռѷ֮аУ֮ȿռ䣬ɱֶصз㲻ɶĸо
λ֣һֶξͱ˺ܶ࣬ĿĲڻ޺׽ʱ䣬ȫʶֻݻ뻤סͬʱСֳֽͬӺֹ̫
˵ֶα͸Ǽ򵥡һһ˶ߵĺɫ󽣣ڶ๥֮Уɱ֮ǺⷨһֻĽⶼһͱ顣ΨһܹͥĻ̫ӵĿռѷ졣
鱦鱦ųиĿռѷ棬Ҳͬ˵ĵֻײһ𻨣ҪƻҲǲܡ
۳֮УĴЦУ˵ĹϷˣúӺһͷһšһ㡱֮ĻΪ԰̫ɫʮѿ
ֻǲιʹüƲߣ鱦̫Ӳ鱦̫ǿ󣬱ǲȫ鱦ܹƵġȻڿЩƾеǼȥ˵򵹲ոܻܲһ⡣
չᣬ£
̫˾ͨǿֶʩչһ׾ǵ糺죬һƾõϢɢѪ֮ϹϢ
ҡһ䣬ָȻһͷչɳ񽫿һһһڵĿնУͬʱһȻ֮ӿն֮д
ĶڤϹѪ£ɵһбһҲֻʹһΣһξϰɣ鱦ħҽɣ
һ䣬ԭɢҵ֮͵Ļһֱָԭͬһɴġ͵һͣƺν
ʱһԵһͺӼһĻԾӶҪΪܹоԼǿ¶ֱڶļ⻹ǲһֱӶĽӹֱ̫ӶһУ±ǧֶζֵܵһ
ʱһХӡϴԭŲϳ̫ϹȥġȻͣһ˿˿ζ洫
ںӺ̫ӿˣһȴͬԾĿšϴϢ૵˽һĽ֮С޽򽣡


ھһ ûɱ
һ̣һӡϿһһĽ磬ӵϣġ˽һĽ֮ɹġ޽򽣡
ڡ޽򽣡֮иĪľ硣ֻǱһҲжϲЩ絽ǡ֮ġ˽֮ǸԶɲȵġͨġͨ񡯣ͨ
ˣ޺׽Ȼħ鱦ȴˡ֮һֵĽ鱦ڳɾһ˲䣬γԼĽЩûн򼴱нҲѰ鱦вͬγ˽Ľ鱦൱ڽ֣ؽ¥һĴڡ鱦֮󣬲Է鱦Խ˵Ľϣ໥ǿ໥򣬴ﵽ˽˫޵ĿġҲ鱦֮ԸԵڡ˵һ鱦һ֣һ˽Ľ鱦ǵͬڽ޸֣޸սǿټ鱦ɽӵмһǿԽսĴڡǰûнֶʩչƾǿˣһʩչͬ޸ʵ
һ뵽һͷһɢŽϢĺɫ󽣾Ҫ̫ӡɡһ̫Сģջͨħթ򿰱Ƚޣ
ʲô
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ȻƹƣҲȽХһƥĽ⣬ٲǹ˳ͬһɫֱȥ
̫Ȼѣȴǳһ֣áֱɱͷһݣΪоԼȫ߶ġ¡ڡĽ֮¾Ȼһ˿ĺۼ
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˾֮£̫Ҳ˺ݣͷͺƴˡ޴͵һţз¡¡죬һǻѪ籡ֱӹǡ¡ĺڶ֮С
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ֻ޺׽ǽ鱦ʵǿǿ֮ͣǿҲܽû
ˣæҷӡ̫ˣǶҪ
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Ȼ޺׽ʧ֣˳ϵĹ֮£ĽԽԽ٣˺һֱӾڶ֮ȥˡ
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̫ŭһüһģֱڶ֮Сһģڶ˲СС̫һ븹ʧû˺ڶû޺׽һƺָƽ̫Ӯҡ
̫ŤתǾ޴ڼ³±Ρ仯ʱ򻹿仯ʱɷ׵ɫԳȻʤˣҲĲ١
ƺǴѳû˹ͬĿ꣬˵ĹͬȻӴ̫˵һͺӿһĺ¡
̫ӼԴȻ²ǵ˼Ȼһķ˾ľѪʵɾͲȴܹԸӺһˡһ뵽Լõһ鱦Լո׸ϵõĺôֵһࡣ
̫ǹһ˿Ц˵ʲôϵЦ˲ֻ̡һ촫̫ǿŴͷ­Ȼ׷ɶǻѪȪӿ
ͬʱͷ­֮һɵķ˳뵱һնɱʮ̫֮ıԴһ޶ֻǸӴ׳ǿˡ
Դĵһ̫ӵͷ­ʬǻѪȥз̫Ъ˹ļеܣôܣҵġ¡вռصǷֽҲӲôӳ


ھ ӣӣ
ȱʣһͺӾ÷˰ɡԭ̫վĵطһöСĺڵ㣬һţڴС󣬱һںӰӷ˳ԭͣסһڴ󽣣޺׽ʲô
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ЦУ޺׽һ˲ֻ򽣹⣬Ȼǡ޽򽣡ֶΡһĲͬġ򽣡ÿһͬʵʣƺÿһǱһڡ
콣̣ǻŵĺӺһǿԴ̫Ӷ𾪵õһ
̫ӵıԴϹ⻪Ȼ˱̫ҴǰһҪڤݣ
ݡһԴ͵һʧԭأ̫ӽͨþҪ롣
ǿһ˲ˣܣӺһͷһһ󣬸ԷͷӴܡ
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˵䣬򽣹⵱һһΪݷǱ׷һͺӣʣһݾȻʩչռֶΣƿռȥ׷̫ȥˡ
ȴ˵һ̫ԭ֪޺׽Ȼ򵥣͸С˵ݽߡ
ͷ׷Ľ⣬ͷ΢Ȼɣֻܹﵽ򽣣ΪʵǽԶԶȲ϶ԷӲƴֻ·һ
β
ۼĽ˾룬һһϴ֮⾹ȻֻһģһӰ岻ͬķȥ
һȻС׳ˡһĻǽ򽣹֮дһԾһΪģһݳһ׷
ٷһ֮СʩչΡβ׷һĽֻʣ޼ٵ
һ·ɱһѾһжͷӹһ飬ٽ⣬˼һͣ½˫󽣾ٽ⡯޽򽣡һͬһʱ򽣹⽣ӰһɱڵĽֱӳٽӰȥ
Сӣ㾹ȻȽ򣬱ǿۣ
ӽ֮дʱһһܿжϳⲢ޺׽ı壬ǷڸеķֶΣһ˿ͷע뷨֮Уﵽ顯ˮ׼
ϣСүȽ򣬿ϧܴͽ̸ˣ
һЦһָһ㣬뷢ͬˮγǿƹ¹µĽˢȥ򽣹һĿ֮£ͨһ򷨡ֶÿһΧһ⣬ɱ
ν˫ȭѵ֣˵޺׽ֻһĽǿ˰ٱֵǧɽΧʮ֮һʵŭУٵ⾡
һ⣬һ˿ûе⣬ͷ˼֣Ϊһ׶ԷжǿʱԵĽٵ⡣ǽﵽλܽԷҲҪѲʱ䣬ջ׷ˣʱѶˡ
ħɸʹõ鱦ӡʮ꣬Ǳ岻ȫ¾ȻҲѰڸֵָܵǷֵ֣ܵǣʱڴм䡣ΪӡʮˮĸĴˣȻ⵽޺׽ļǺޣõˮĸܹϢ㹻ķ֮û֮ǰİȫǲõˡֻ޺׽̫ϬнһתȻ˿ɵгʱ򣬿²ΣյʱΪֻ֮ӣʱ䣬ĸҲʱпܻˮ㣬ѡֻһȴǿϧˮĸĴƬҵɽڲûա
˼·һҪƿ֮ʶɨĶʮ֮޺׽ֻһǧ׷
ߣб¾׷Сүһ㣡ͷһһٴ˽һ𽣹⳯ˮĸΧԶˮĸķȥ
һٶȼ죬޺׽ֻ൱Сʩչβֻ;ѣʵڲе±ʹ÷ֱ֮ƺһĥȥ
һ·ɱʮν֮һһ֮УʶһɨַԲʮû޺׽ӰϢȴеռһ𣬱һҰƾմܳϰٵں


ھ ˮ
ңֻҪ˱̫ӣ֮ǰĶԹһʹһøʽ㣬Ϊ֮ˣԪӤڣ
̫ӵıԴģֻǹ⻪ǰ˲٣Ȼ׷ɱ˲ٿԴĸմӿռ֮гһһ
һû뵽̫ӣǿֵıԴģüͷ΢΢˵ٵ㲻ʲôöԸ̫ӵǲֽҲ׷ȴǲǵΪ
̫Ӽһٳٲ϶֣ʱЩˣԭЩ˻ʱָʱѵȱ̫ܾ˲ɣҸ㣬Ǳ̫ˣҸϾͻ֪һϸϵʱ򣬲ħ㣬ҲҪ
ţһԥ⻰ʱͷһȡ֣һЦã̫ӣҰ㣡
˵䣬һֽһ򷨡ֶչⳤ֮Уϰٽͬĥһ㣬ΧٵͿʼĥһʱ̣ŭУн⾡ĥȥ
ã̫ˣǱ̫ܹӳ죬һô̫ӵıԴٴâȻǶһͷ֧ƱҪ˻ȥ
̫һתӽһָոĥ޺ĽӺͣĳ̫ӵıԴľΧ롣ϢԴģֻһн뷢֮顣
̫ӸճѨӳ죬û뵽ȴѣʱеˣģΧ̫ӣҪʲô
һԺ⣬˻ֻ֣ǵһЦ̫ӺƣҸβͣͺߡһտڰ׻ⶥףȱҵõ
̫ӼʱһͣʶԼ˴˵еġû١뵽Լ֣Ȼ߷ߣҲֻҧгݵ˵ˣ˵㵽ҪʲôֻҪ˱̫ӣʲôԸ㡣
һ˵ͷ˵˵̫Ҳˣˣ㽫̫һðɣ
ʲô̫벻һȻҪʱŭڣԴ֮зųһɹŨһˣȥɣ
һһӰջأֳǽͬһֱ䱾ԴĶȥ֮ԭŨɢת۱Դǰ
оǽϷޱȵϢ̫ӵڶĸо͵һҪռͨȿռȥʱһǳǳģſռϢ·һŴΧ롣
̫ӣռֹͨᣬȻҲڤһ壬ʩչĿռͨҲ㣬ֶҲֹܹ˰ɣһ΢΢һЦһӰεȻ˿ռ֮һռ֮
ʱ̫ȫʢʱڣһռͨΧ㲻ʲôʱѾ֮ĩһռŶܹͨ˵ͬԴĿռ֮ˡ
˰ҪɣǱ̫ˣҸһܿ콵٣ʱҲҪҲҪ˱̫ӣұٻ·೤
̫Ъ˹գһʲôҲ˵ֻǹһ˿ЦӻͳһĶ̽ӵе޺׽֮еһ
ʲôôܣôӵ鱦㵽ʲôˣ
ʲôûйϵؼ̫㲻ϣħϣʱڤҲҲͷʱڤħһܾˣǲҳֵʱ򡣡
㡭
һӶ̽һնһɫɳֱնڱԴϣһӾͽԴնƬ̫ӵĻҲû˵꣬һ־ʹȫ䣬
ǺģһԱѪɫħϿգһɫ˫ᣬ̫Ӻ̫мƵһѪ۵ڤʺѪϴ¥Ѫϴ¥
ڤһֿռֻֽܷͨռ˾ԵϷ磬ʱɫ͵һ䣬ŭһ˭˭ɱҵĻʶˮĸ򣬺ǿħϢɱҵĶ֣ãããʲôó
һڤֻ̧ƿռ䣬ˮĸȥѪϴ¥״ЩԣˮĸڵҪȴ֪üͷһ壬Ҳռͨʩչڤʷȥ
ڶ˸ոʧ󣬾ڣժħϿգԭǿսϢ׷ͣһ
ף˵СȥôСԼˣ
СӲعأǽԼȴˣУ˺ô
ʱ򻹹زأ絽⣬ĺɲȵȥҲ
ߺߣȥȥҲȥˣ

ӶһƿռӸϿմˮĸȥȻǸķڸִԼʼԶˣԭһ̲ˮǵļӻ


ھ Ʒǽ
նƱԴģɱ̫ӣһͷϲޱĿΪǰڳ벻ȴǡ˳졯ǷΧ֮ˡ
ͷһʮгаϢ˵һ޺׽ѰһЦ޺׽ǣһץƵıԴģһ󽣾ռ֮Ҳͬʱʩչ˻׹һʧԭء
Ƭ֮һһ֮СһˮĸھŲһң֮пտյûа㶫ֻвɼĸӦĽ⣬ʾ仹ڷá
һ֪ҡҵΪ˸ֱչãƷʮ¡ֻǾʮĥǷضǰˡ
ЩҲٶǷڣɽڸֲãȻĥҪز̫ʵظһʱ̲ҲǿԵġһ֮ǰûʹãΪڹؼʱ̱ġʱ˴ȻûеȴҲҪ顣
һЩûĥĽ֮󣬴Ӵץһţϣֽ̧ǱԼһƬıԴ˳ʱһҹ֮з˳һҪߡ
һ״һЦһӡּ䣬һ׹ָɳ˲Ϣ֮ҵ˷һ˸Ĺ㣬໥ҹ۷һ㡣һǵһ˳ֵġ֮򡯡
ҹǲֶܹסһͷײڵϡһɷ׵ӵðֻžһը죬ֱӽǻҹ˻
һ̽һץǻҹֱУƬ̣ɿһͷ΢ĴӰơ
ˣ㾹ɱ˱̫ӣñ̫ӳȥˣ
Ӱ̫ӵĻǣʧȥ˱Դ֧ţ׸ϵˡӴֻ֮תޣΪʬһĴڣתͶ̥·תޣתͶ̥ͷҪָʵҲ֪ȥˡ
һ̫ӵĽкӽǵԴľƣ̫ӵʬֻǲͬǣԭ촦ʬ壬Ȼָԭ״һӲӿ֣ƺһ㡣
һ˳Ծѣ֪ڤʴԶż֮деñԴıϵͬʱ޲ֻڤʳ֣ͿԾȻ
ֻȻܹҪķʩߵԪ˵˹ᵹһΣҴѾ׾Ϳ˾ˡ
һն˱Դģƻ̫һĻᣬָȫҲһ߻˰ˣ¸壬Ҳֻ޵Ŀ˶ûв
ۼһߴŪӣ˿¿޵ĶУһǵ¶һϲ֮ɫΪ̫ϵõĶôһʬ߶޷ʹõĻʬ˵ȴһСô
ã̫ˣû뵽ȻŨ֮ȫӶˣҵǽ˵ܹƷУ
£ʵǵһҪһҲûаɣ̫÷ħӡװһ֮󣬱ȡǽԥĲʬš
Ȼǽһ˲䣬һǰδеǿͬӿǽɡʮ˵ɵĺڡ
һ̣ԭͻȴΪؿƿƣݳʮŵǽΪƷġȻ±ƶ
һԽĽʮŵͽƵӰڡĵı棬ѸٵݻԽԽӣԽԽǿ㻨һӣһǿĽͽȫͣˡģǽĴ
ƷڳΪƷˣ
һƹƷûһټҲоʮˣǽ޵ıͬҪҪĲֶΣΪͲע
ԭΪΪԭѰҪȵﵽԪӤڣǽܽƷȴڻʬǿ֮£˱ϣǽƷޡ
ƷһоԼǽǿһ࣬ԾĲˣоԼʱͻƽ𵤺ڣ𵤴ԲгԪӤĿܡ
˽޵ĺôνޣޡ໥֣໥ֻҪһΪõͻһߵС
һΪʱ򣬳ƷƿǽںĴγʮŵȡŻʬϵ֮
ĳ֮£ɿתýӶɽͽơһʱֱڶʮߵƣŻͣ


ھ 
оͬˮӿĸ򽥽ȥһЩĴ붨֮ʶһɨ̫ʬϢȻŨ񣬵ҪƷĹؿȴԵЩˡ
һҲ˷ѵˣתǽСһ֮ȡڡ֮УΪһγı
˵ǽûܿƷĿһӶƷԲƷԲһҲǻϲĺϲ£졣ɵ뵽ǽܶնɱЩҪ˶ãǽܾƷԲǳɾ鱦ˡ
ܿͽ쿪뷨֮ԺΪָһܹȡ̫ӵ̫֮ĻԵɺϡǻһΣһڸ֣¾ͲԼȡԼնɱˡ
һĻϲͬڷħ֮е̫ۼԼ屻ȡ֮Ϊһòʬͷķߺ޼ֱˮһŭѡ
һǵһЦҲòˣⷬҲĳɹһ£̫кαִأ
⻰̫ӱǻ壬ֱӱιȥҲһ˵ʲôֻƿѡ
һ΢΢һЦ黨ָħơԭ̫ӼᣬҪѣһһƣλʱȥ
һһָ죬һֻأׯͬ˫ۿأ˸âںϵ£ΨҶ𣡡ؽɫͬɫԺ̫ӵĻǸոշɳɱ㱻ס˵ܣ⳯һϻ
һ̣̫Ӿֵķֵԭһֱϵģȴ֮ѹƵģڤ֮Ȼʧνڤֻ֮֮Уɹڤڹǣ
СĹ˵·ƣָͶڤֻأǿģҪ˼Ĺ˵ڤ֮ȴʯһѹסͻᳶڤһΪȫ
ĹޣΪߵͶܵڤ֮ǣΨжȹɾ͹ɣնϷԹܳװڤ֮֮ڤ֮˵ǹһĿꡣ
Ѱڤ̫֮˵һ飬˼ʱ佫ӳҲõʱֻء
һȴͬΪڤ֮Լһʹֶ˵һ⣬Ǿֶ֮ͨ£˵ܣԸʽڤֻصĻᶼûˡ
ǡ̰ηֻرǿ־ó
̫ΪԼڵΪʵʵʣһԸԼһ̣ڤ֮ɢȷȷʵʵоóΣա
һ̣ԭ߰ſޱȵ̫Σ·ˣһһ߾ֵĴе㵽Ҫʲô̫ӣ㲻ҡҲŹңתͶ̥ҷٲ
һţ˫΢أĽкط֮һɫֳʶͨͨģʶͨʶͨʶͨʶͨʶͨʶͨĩʶͨҮʶͨĦʶ©ͨ׷չ֡
֮Уʶ֮ͨ£ᱦӰֳҶϣɽ䡯䡯䡯౦ľ̤֮СתСͨһһչ֡
ڣ
һһȣһ𣬱ҶҲڷ֮СʱıҶ˸ʽ󣬻վо䶷üĿŭĿգ֮һƬҶ縡һ㣬ΣÿһӰķԼһɹ֮֮У÷ÿһÿһ붼ǿ׳
ţǷŵӣ̫ӻŤţźţƺֲĶ
ׯأһ̫ͣӣƽʵŶҲ֪ҷţ
̫Ъ˹ĺ֪Ȼ֪ʮǰŽⷽ硣ԴΪΪʵ߽ӣɱڤһ己ʢޱȣһľڡΪŵ֪жȱɱɱץץɿܡ⸡⣬֪˶飬˵ʲôգʵǿܰˣûɣ졣û뵽ʮ꣬ΪҵپȻҪݣĲҾ磬Ҫ䵽ͷϣɣɱɣҰɣţķţиһ졣
һװŵ׳ŵϢû뵽õľȻôһϢ⡮١ĸ֣ԭһֱ̣ȹ֪ѹصķŹԶʱһ˿ӿһͷԭᶨʯҲҡֹԺ֮л֮ս


ھ 
ڤһѪǽҲǲܾʮǰˮĸͳ嶼ˮĸ£Ψڤͨңɼһ㡣
ʶʮǰ֮Уڤһ۷͹ȣҽԼ˵ʹķˣ̫ӴѪĳޣкη
ϵ֮ʱ֣ԭԼķ⾹Ȼɶ˼֡Щʱһͷ
ֻǾҪѵʱȴֳΪд֪ˣһڲȳǽʯΪ˻
һȻΪ׶ҡͨ˼֡һ·һƵٽɵʲôơ
һԥ̫֮վϷŹһᣬĶ֮Сķ⺳֮һһ̾ͳȥ
Ȼܹͨƻ壬һҡֻ谭̫ӵ룬Ҫסȴǲܡ
ۼ̫ԽԽ죬ҪɳӳֵķΧһ˫͵һâͬ˫ֱ䡣
Ȼָӣӣӡ̫Ӹолָĺۼﻹ˿ͣͳȥ
һδȲֹֻſ΢΢һúӴһб
أȣ䣡ˣ
һһ٣ÿһֳڱ㻯ХγɵɫƣЮħа֮ɨҡ̫ۼžҪӳ⣬ΣһαһǿȻʧȥ˶ԱĿƣͷת򣬾ʹԭء
ƾþòɢȥʱԭҡβķָԭׯϺ͹һһ˫ͫһɨǰĻң֮һֶһеͬɽȪһĳγ
쳾׷ƣ羵ӳգһտƷҪһȸߡ
һ쳤ХƬ̲ջ˼ڷ֮е̫ӣ΢΢һЦǶл̫ӵ´ͽˣĳ⡮ͨлˣ
̫ӱԸŪͷͣʱתѹ⻰β֪ԼΨһѵĻᣬͷȺŭ˿ŭ
ӣ㲻úתҲվиһ죬ҺúޣҺûڣûʹʹɱ㣬Ӱ
һǰ֮ͷħ٣ôѣʯĻ֮󣬺ܿͿƳʱ̫ἰţŭֻ䵭Ŀһۡ
ͷѿ֮ĳѾǷħֻҡνͬͬͬĲͬң㶨һܷħʲô顣̫ӣͲҪ˼ˣضҪոǹԹԽĺã
⻰ֻ̫ĺѣ϶һǷŵӣͷѾ޵˹裬˵֪ԼβҲҪΪһĴڣֻ񫣬ʹһޡ
һҲ϶Ѵ࣬һЦſڽٴɫϴˢܿѹ̫ӵģ̫˫ãԭеȻҲԣһ
һҪֽһ̫ͣ̾ͻָ̬ŭ
ðɣһĦڭչ磡
һţͷʱһĴӷ֮ȽȽͬգճ־ͽյͨްȻһͨ䡯
ˡ䡯Ĵ̼ԭҫ۵ķе̫ӾȻеҲϸ
һĵ˵ͷһ֣䡯СתҲ콵ֶټϡɨ̫̬Ȼƾյͬһ㡣
ˣ
һ΢΢һЦ̧һָͷǱҶųһ谭ľͲƵ̫ӻ֮ϡ
ϣ̫ӲźѾֵķԼѾΰһ˿˿ӿڣѸٵĸı־ͷ뷨ȵһеһС
֮жԷŵ˵̫ӾֵļŭѣֻǴʱãкãֻһнȥ
űҶϽԽԽ̫࣬ǰɫĻҲȾ˿˿ԣ˫۴ķŭããֻᶨִӼᶨϣϵĶһ


ھ Ħ
һ΢΢ף̧һ㣬Ľ̫ڣȵʱλʱ
һ⣬̫ӻȻඥ͵һ仯ߴСĴ壬ڳ˻һͷɵҶ㣬߾ڶԪӤ֮ϡ
ڴʱҶ͵ĳһŨޱȵ֮ԭŨޱȵķͬˮһ㡣һֻЩһֱ谭ԼΪƿһ̳ʧϵĲҲֲϾһ˿ĸоӿͷ
ҵʱ̽Կգռɫࡣɫաղɫɫǿառɫ࣬𡢲
һ̨з𾭣һ̣һֿ״̬ڶһַǷ룬ﲻģĵľ硣
ͬʱ̨룬ԭŨüҺķ֮һһεĳ£ȻĴһöСĴɫ塣
ӦǰɫĴڣһ˫һȻûͫʣԵޱȣء˫ſȵħӡȱģκᣬһ棬ǳ
˻һ̨֮зǡΪģľۼȥǾʶͨҶϵľͨбҶ޾֮ӿȥһֱ̨֮Уһ˿²ʹҲС
ЩĳǡۿɼٶȷɿǴϢʱͻҴСٹϢֻȭͷСʮϢȥȻΪһöͷ­С׶Բġ
ʱ⡮һһǵ˼ޣֹͣ˼Ǵһ˿˿Ȼ̴ӡ֮ɢͷ⡣˴̴֮Ѹٵ
ʶ̴̼ͨԭֻˡʶͨʶͨʶͨʶͨһʶͨʶͨҲʣ֮ͨУĩʶͨ΢΢Үʶͨ͡Ħʶ©ͨҲ¶δ
ᱦ̴֮ԭչʮƬҶ֦Ҳĳ֦ҶԭСƬ֮ͱһ˸£ϡϡĽҶ£ϾŵͨҲһƬҶĳأ׷ռݸĽҶ
ľȻ³ɾ͵ͨ䡯ռƬҶͨĵķһٳɽͨΪһͨһǡɽͨռƬҶȻǡ౦ľ
ǰһϵб仯һоʵѸǿ̨֮УڳɾͷӦȴƾոҶ
ȴ˵Ҷ̴֮һԭͽıҶ͵һȻݻһ㸡һӰԵ̵ڸϣڤ̫ӡԪӤ֣𵤸֡
ʱ̨֮֮еı仯ҲһϽԵȥ˫ֺʮԲµľؽֳԺ֮ǰķⲻּͬʵʣаּĴ
ǷĦ޳Ĵ󾳽磬ɼɽ𵤣ħѪĺˣվѲˡֻԴи֮ȴִͬ飬գգ
ʶһֻһĸоͷϸȥȴʲôûСǻʱ䣬Ҫϸһʱ˵̫ΣգοΪǿʵǽƷɽԼΪݵڣȽ𵤣⶯֮󣬿ºܿҪ޺׽ע⡣
һҪȥȴһЦ洫¸£û뵽СӾȻããã̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬿Сĳɣ
һԾĺãǽ֣ռ֮չһռ֮ӳ֣иոġ̤ܼͨٵͨ˻һ׶ɫ⣬ŷȥ
ʱԭޱȵҶһѺֻۣһը죬ǻɻ𣬳ǧĺɫͬһѹ
һĻһֻʮϤΪԽѹˡνʮӶʮһȴǻýѹȡ
еͷⲻɵֵһոաɵϲöʱ࣬Ǹ֮ŭһͬʱֻ򽣹⳯ͷȥ
ȻۣһĽ⽣Ӱٱۣ޺ȴһǧһԺ䣬һİ򽣹㾡𡣵ҲΪӮһ˲ʱ䣬ͷҴš
СӣӲ
һЦͷ֮ԳһףԡΪŵ޺׽
ߣб¾׷һһЦƬҲͣһȥ
¸һЦҪ׷ȥȴɫһ䣬ŭе˭˭һҷҪ


ھ ˮ
ȴ˵һһ·ɱʶ֮зԭ׷Լ򽣹⾹Ȼֳһ볯ھŲŷȥ˼һתһֿǾ˹˵ھŲ㹬޺׽ע⣬˵Ѿ޺׽ⶼˡ
һ뵽ɵһϲ˵ȷ߾ڤЩ֣ˮˣ̫ӵȺ֣Ҫ˵ѹ޺׽²УǣƵȴ㹻ˡ
ҰɣҰɣ̷ˮˣܹˮ㡣޺׽ħϵ鱦ѰȻƣһʮͷ飬⡮ǿˮ׼ǰ棬ʵǿǻˡǰֻҺͺӣ̫ˣΪ˳еע⣬ҲŲʩչֶΣ˸ģÿԳ˴˷Թ˵Ļᣬˮĸһܹĥ޺׽ļҲƽҵĲ࣬㲻ܣֶΣˮĸĽƣĲ˵ȫ˻ģøԽ޺׽ȽһսĽĥҵĽ⽣
һˣһԺ֮зԼһսĵط
ˮˮƣˮĸĽ֮һ֮ʱܹסɽٸ֣ɱ֣ʮȥЩĥӦҲܡãط򡭡
һһš۷һ򣬴ǧ޺׽һ·ȥ˰㹦һΰĹǰˮ졯ָϡ
ˮ죬ˮĸ
һֽᷨӡһöˮ飬ˮֵȥԭˮĤסĹһԳȱԥһͷ˽ȥ޺ԳɣˮĤָҲһֱӴС
ˮ֮Уһ޼ʵĶˮˮˮлˮЩˮеëеɽееȱҽһȽ𵤸֣˼䶼Ҫ֣ǿ
е洫ϬĽһǹһ˿Цһһ֮ˮ֮зɳһ״ҲһˮԼŹסһˮ˴ˮʧ
һʧһ룬һ޺ûһڶལһһɿһɵŭСӣΪܹѱģ⹬󣬴ϣھ֮ȥ
Ӱһǧܳɴ⬰һţֻһը죬н볯˷俪ȥವ֡ˮ֮СЩˮ޷׽֮¾Ȼ޵ֿͱ䴩ն飬ձɢһʱ䣬ԭˡˮˮһһˮ
Цڶལ֮д˳ҫ˵ʲôһϣĻʱŵЦ
⵽ʲô
ֻԭڶ࡮ˮȻʮֿٶᣬعԭعԭġˮýһУö
Ǻǣ޺׽ǰѵ֮ǰûпһ˴ʲôطô
һƬ峺õˮ渡һӰһ˭ˡǰһ̣ڵƬˮҲ飬ȴûһӰٴγ֣ûаĺۼ
нⶼˮУܻΪһʶÿһ϶ԳһŵġףǧӰͬŭ㣬СӸĹˣСӵʲôˣˮĸѾûˣô֪˴Ļؽƣ˵㵽˭
꣬ѵʮôһͷɻ󣬺ܿԺ΢΢һЦСӲһɢޣݽһĶǰķۣ粻Ҳգֻǰڴ֮У֪ɷҪæȻҪСӰæǰŵŹСӡ
Ź㣡һŤҪȴ֮һааЦݵðҴӦŹ㣬ٳȥ󷨣ųɣ
һ˵ͷҪֽ⿪ƵӣͣһΪ״ǰ£СӲأǰСӲҹͬǰٴģΥٽ٣𣬷ǣСӲŸҽ⿪ơ
ʲôŭһ̶ЦСӣǺƣϧӦ㣬ССֶξס˵Σȥɣ
һ̣ڡˮеڶལͬʱƥĽʼƽǿٶһļ⣬ٷ֮һƿ˷֮ͳһڵƬˮɱȥֻһһڵˮֻ˲䣬һҲʧ
ǰСأ
һͬ˷һӰӸ֡ˮᣬȫƽ޺档ûȡӦӰɢһ޺ɱȥ


ھ 
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޺׽ûϵһССĽʿȻҰԼŭ֮£һн߶һתͳĽ󷴻ȥϵǣǧ֮УǧĽ۷飬ˮƮɢ޺׽ϲһá
ȻЩûлĽƶȻһסĿ꽣һʣһžһ޺⵱顣һ̾Ȼһ쿪ʤ
ʵѹ£Ȼһá֮ƣС뽣⡣Ϊħϵ鱦ɱĸֲȴûڽ𵤼СϳԹȿһʱСӰԳŭ
Сӣ
һŭ𣬲дǧϷųħһϢһϽĽЩˮűǿס⣬ʱٲ֧ţ齫˳
ЩһͳһʵڵĽȥϵһο־ܣ޺ɢˮŵʱٴʧһӰ
СҪ㣡ҲҪ㣡
˻ƵĺУǧͬ˷һ㣬ʼ˷ڵġˮ鱦Ȼͬ죬ˮƵĻָȻϲƻٶȣۼһšˮˮƮɢȥ
ԽԽˮ㣬ȴٳٲһӰڶལԽԽۼһƬˮ㱻ƣһӰˮ֮¶
һϲʧȥֵǹһ˿ЦݣǵüƵζ
ϲɱ¾֮ʱ֮˶Ŀ־壬һһŭһǧͬʱ˷һɱȥ
һǺŭһѰһǾʱȻܲˣԭأǵ١
ĽԼʮɵʱһڶˣһռ֮һԳƬӰԵùޱȡ
ߣҪӣˣ
ôĳӸǰһɣ
һǧ뷢һǵǹƥĽݣۼžҪײһ𣬵ײǰһ̣һ˿ƴӴĳ˷
Щԭٶȼ죬ڲƵӰ£̶ͬһ룬ͷһ㣬ٶȶȻһ롣
ƲһĶݹʱһ΢ĲƴӶݹϷų߾Ȼݹٶ˿ĳ޺˹ȥ
ԭһȫ߶Ҳ޺׽󣬵һ̴˳һݵٶȶʱ޺һǶݹͬһ㣬ؽ֮УͻƽΧΧ
ˣˣӱããã㿴޺׽Ϊγ׽ΪԡΪţҪС֪ﱾⱲڵ飡
ɱһȴѣŭڣǧ͵һ˲Ѵ»ָԭٶȳһɱ˹
˵鱦Ĵڣ侳缸ͬڷڸ֣Ǵŭ𣬶ʱǱһϷŪ¾Գּŭ̬Ȼһܹܹѹļˡ
ŭһϲ˼벻ϲΨľ֮УȫǷͨһ̾ͷ޲⡣
һúáһֳǽռ֮ϱ֣ͨ˹⻪ҫۣͬսһ㣬ֽǰǧ⶷һ
һսһһһһ־ʩչâͬ޺Ҳǽ鱦ħŽǸǧͬǧԡԵ䶷֮𻨡
˵һΪһǿټϷŹͻƵȴҲֵֻܵһǧ⡣ǧ⣬ֻܵķݡ
ʱˮ֮УˮĸȻܿȴҲֵܹĵý
һÿÿ޺׽תϽͨһصʱܹý֮γһƽ޺ٶȣѳ
ʶһɱ̶ʱ䣬һʮЩɥ޺׽֮£ÿÿѣǡ۴вѣԼ˺ķԪǵûаˣ޺׽ĽĥԼ
аۣ޺׽ħн鱦̳ħŽľܹһġ⽣ɵĥĽʹýԲ֮
Խۣ޺׽ͬһ֣ͳ޽򽣡̤롮˽ĴڡһλһܹԼĽ˿̽˽Ļᡣ
ˮƻһսһԣ˵֮˵һѧսǵкǳ


ھ ħž
ȴ˵һȫͶս֮УֻгԽʹԽƺٲһܹͨ⣬ͨ鱦ϽнҲԽԽ˳ԭѸ֣ԭѸٱϤϤԲԲӽϾ˼ͷ֮УǱ¶ĽҲԽԽʵҪһնһⳤ
£ÿһÿһ룬һʵڽٶȱԼЩϲ񡣶ʱѡ񣬿ԸԶȥԸƬͣ͡
ֻһԸͣ£ȴԸȥǰΪͻ¼ʧ˱ľûܿһġơһһߵȶָԭľ
ԡȻһϷɿĽǳ۳ʮ꣬ħɱҲĵﾪŭѡΣͷδɱжһ֮󡣡ڷһٶ׷ɱ
նƽǧⲻٽһ׷ȥһšһɷϢĺɢһϢһͷһ˿ס
ΣգΣգ
һĵӿ֣ٿһŵǧ⣬ʲôͺһˣ˫һˮ֮УһƬƬˮѸһȪˮǧصǷ
СΪȻʵǡšֶݣڱʮҲûмӾȻܹˮĸĽƣظˮĸǳŮ˻Щϵɣţ˵ţϲɱţ˱šƽһήٱ壬ǧУͷ֮ޡҲµˣıڶԸһȺʵǿˣܷǰֻΪһ٣Ǿ̫쿪ˣҪʶʶʮĽ⿿˲ŵõĽʲôСȥɣ
һ䣬ԭһŵǧ͵ĳȥݳһöͷ­СĺͬʱһаɷϢӿһը죬ԺΪģڰѸٳ˷չ
ħ¾£
ŻħзһڴĻϯ
ۼڰϮһٶҲ˲ֻһɺڰϢؽڶʱһƺغ֮һ㡣
û뵽ˮתһԼһĺãһתԪס壬һ߼ӿеٶȣһ㷭ɶˮ֮УһƬƬŨˮ
һˮͷ԰ʱͨ׽һ˿޵ĹâϸȥһʮʮϰٵƮޣȴɱ¾⳯Լ˹
˲ϢЩײһõķϡֻԭŨˮЩ뽵ħɱһĽ¸Ƭ̶ֵ֮ܵˮ˱ܣˮĻ飬һеһжֹɱ¾ĽŲ
ԽԽϡˮһͷһȻ֪һǧһαû뵽ǣ֮Ȼﵽȳ̶ȣסֵĴҲ赲
֪׽һһɨ⣬һȻġ
ƴˣ
һһ͵һָǰСˮʱըһɢȥȻɲֵܵɱ¾ǰȴڶལٶȻһ
ݼŵĻᣬһһݽ𣬳ɱ¾֮Уڶལ⶷һ֣һ֪һеԭЩⲢʵ壬һɹɹע˷ɱ¾֮֮㹻ǿ󣬲˻Ҫɢ
һСɣĸǼʯ½һҪͷˣÿÿһײԼܵһδ򣬺һҪ
¸¡С뱾Ƚ⣬ҲܱȵĹȥɣȥɣ¸¡
ĿЦħصڶߣÿһʾ䶼·߽־ҡѡһ֪Ǽȥ²ҲҪˣ˼һԥķһħķͨ
ءȡ䡢ˣ
Գڶʱɫɨһʱ佫ĿЦ˹ȥռص˼γ
Ħڭչ磡
ĵշͬҹƣɫ⣬ҫʮɷԲɨڰʹһˬ
𣬷պ쳾أն
һһͨķһǾĻ棬췲һǾĸأնˮͨڰ֮УգϴˢٴɨһƬڰ
һʱ䣬ͨͬתڰħȴǷ⣬һƬž


ھһ ׷
ͨһӺڰ֮дǾԹȻǡϳһ⼸ͨԴ
ǰȻǷŵӣ֪ǰкδͽ̣һͷһΪʮٵ飬Զ˷ݣҪηӦ
ţţķӣʮǰǲһˣΪνλҪѵһǷٲɣ˷ŭ⻰ȴмּɵ֮⣬ɵĶ˵ǡš
һȻɵ֮⣬ټɱ¾ⶼͣͷʱԾ˼֣ͷɿתʼѰ÷Ը״ķʽ
ȻȲһĻش𣬷еʲôһƬƵ絽ʲôֵһ٣ٶǰ˵
ԭһƬ绽磬ǲƵ磡һõϢ˼һǹһ˿Цݣʵǰ˴˵ô꣬ѵ֪ҷŵҪʲô𣡡
һ㶣ŭ֪ˣ籾ԴҪҲ籾ԴѾռʮ磬ΪʲôҪôһ磬ŹȻ̰ᣬ̰ᡭ
籾Դһһ㶣Ϊʲôȴû뵽թôһȻ֪ʲôȻܹռʮķŶҪᣬħǰҲΪǾ˵ʮҪ
˵Ϊʵû취ȾްȣʮǰٵħɶȲϣȴͷ뵽պⶫһҪ
һ˼ʱ򣬡˾һ㣬ŭһţɶķţò踺ʮ꣬Ϊ˵õһ籾ԴԽɱû뵽ǾȻҪᣬãããͱǵèˣСǷ𣬽ձ㿪ħɷףɱ
һɱֳڣ֮ԭͣ͵Ľ˲䶯ǿĻڷ֮ϣͽ⾡飬ضҲңһʱžٴλ
һ׼Ȼͨħˮ˻һ㣬ˮ֮ͬȻˮ˻𣬵ǻˮ̫ɾҪʱ޺׽ͨǿҪѹ޺׽ȴǲܵġ
ӭһʱһְǶְǷǷľ磬ֱΪһоƿӭһ⣬̶ߣֳһȥ
־ľǿȴȫֲʵ֮Ĳɱ¾һֻܾҪֵĽֱӳɱȥӲʮ⣬Ʒ׻Ѫȥˡ
ǱڲϵĴ֮ҲԳְһҲһζأһߵֵһ۵ĳڰŲΪ֪ҪһУֻнĻ𣬷޾Ľ⣬ǿҲᱻ
˰ΣһڽӽģֻһӰںģɢһ⣬˵Ǻĵڡ
¸£С㾹Ȼܹɱʵѵã͵ˣҪɫ͵һľͳһ
һǹһ˿ЦȻһǰһǰĶռ֮չˣͬʱϿһѺĵͳɫ󽣵ȥ
ʲôƣ
ӣұ
ɫҪϣһööָͷСĵ͵ͷ­СԳһͷͷŭӰںɫնʱе辡Ȼըһӿıը֮ӭźɫкȥ
һԴѧӵƷ֮ûзϵ⼸öӸǲˣȡ弶ƷҩӤ컯ʱɢԪӤƶɡ
ȻȲԪӤƳɣһʹã˲䱬һԪӤԱ죬Ѱ£ֶҪ˱ᣬôþ룬ɫкȥƻ֮ǿ
ֻǺɫ󽣴ӽ⿪ʼ飬Уըšǲʵ˻ɢڿС
Ļ𣬡ħİĻȻȥˮҲָ˹
һһ̾գЩӣɫ󽣲ǽϣ޺׽壬ҵСҪˡڰ׷٣ʱҲȥ˲٣Ǻ⺣ĸֿҲҪˣҵǰȥĴе׽еʲô̶ˣźðŻˮ㡣
˿ƻĲһҡҡͷƬҲͣ𽣹㳯ˮĸȥ


ھĶ Ⱥ
ˮĸھŲƽ̨ϣԭյĴѾ󳨿ԭݵǺߴԼ⺣ȴͣ໥֮ԲóһݻһԴ
ֻһХӴ֮дһڹֱʮɫʹųʽҪֹڹѡڹٶ̫죬׷Ҳ׷ϡ
ۼڹҪ嵽ƽ̨ͨϣЩ׷׽ͷųˣǽգѪɫĻǹ⶷ޣиʽڹ봫ͨ
󵨺󱲣ȥ·ȡ
һ˻ƵĺдӺڹдڹҲ¶ʮ̽϶Ϊһ޺׽ʲô
޺׽Գףŭһ߶׽ͳĻ谭ײȥһը죬ЩˣѪĻ飬󷨵ֶʱˣһĵ³һѪ
˵Щ󲢲赲޺׽ȴΪ׷ȡʱ䡣Щһϵ㽫ֶʩչʽк֮󣬱޺òʱˡ
СС飬ӣԹ˱ȥñˣպϯ£Ȼٲĺôһ֮Գһ󵶵Ľӣοΰ״䣬˵ʿһս
ߣСҶԱʴʣ֪Сһɱһһɱһ˫㻹ոǸҹɣ
ѽѽˣļһξ𣬵ʱ飡
˵䣬ӾҪ֣ȴԱһס˾ȻһֱغΪ˴˴ͻȻˮϡ
Ӳˮһˮʲô˼ΪңѵΪ֮󣬻ͬһɣ
ˮɫȻָָֻǰס޺׽ȴվڶļˣϢŭһǽǺҲͰˣҲ㣬˴⺣ˣС˳ͷ⺣ռ˱ȥ
ǽһ֣ȻƢ꣬ȴûͷԣصĺһҲ˵ʲôֻĿ޺׽Ƿṵ̆
Ǻ˶⺣壬һ⺣˰ڸ֣ͬĵĶ޺׽Ȼ֮ĸо
ԭһһ׼񼶸ֻ֣ûȵȴǸԮĺڸ֡ЩһˮĸھŲ㣬Сһܣ˫˭Ҳʰ˭֮Э˫״ˮĸš
ֻû뵽ǣ򿪹ŵʱþ޺׽Ľ⡣ʱ޺׽è׽һ׷ɱһˣһڼҸ֣ҲûɱЩһǺ֣ݵü񣬵Ͱǧ顣
һ˺޺׽Զæתн⣬㽫ʹ󲿷˼ת˹˶
ǡ⣬кġ޺׽ԴҪɱˣЩּôһ鱦βոһǺ⺣Լ޺׽㶷
Ƶ޺׽ǿȴҲһ൱ȻŹǿԼֲַе޺׽ûгԿҲûеõʲôá뵽ܻԮ£׼ӳˮĸ˵
һ׼ߣŵʽת䣬Ǻ⺣ҪϣʮĬĺ޺׽һΣˡ
ʵҪ˵ˮĸǰ޺׽ļֵ磬ӦòǡҪ֪鱦þǿʿĲ㣬ôһר˾ɱ¾Ľ鱦Ǳ˵õս̶ڸ־ӵзڵս
ڹϣڳǺڸ֣һͻȻ˷ڵսںˮĸ֮дռϷǾͰ϶顣ҲǱ˼ڳûһԸ޺׽ֱˮĸ
ŵʱ޺׽ԭûһһĲҽдӰϴӾʲô˺ӡ
ڳڶͬʱǶȡ鱦ĺʱƬ̶ͣ׷׽ֶͨʹãǣѪˣǹɾצӥצãֶη׷׳޺׽̽ȥ
Щֶڿ໥໥ӣײһʱ䶼һһҹ޺׽һֻʯɵצֱץ޺׽Ľ
ռͨڤ
ڳ˶ϵֵ̫ͨӡ
˶Ϊ̫Ҫſռͨһܻ޺׽ʱһڹӽըֱ赲̫ӵá
һɳƵ޺׽ϴһ־Į˵ЩСɫͰƵϣʮʮķôɱ˶˰ɣ


ھ ʳ
ֻ̫ͷһʵ鱦ǰǾȴЩʡһΣһצ϶ʱ˸ǿٴγ޺׽ץȥ
һץνƴѰƷķǲԲһ¾Ҫ顣޺׽ħɴ鱦֮Ӳ˼䶼Ǿ顣̫һצץȥĿҲʲôҪֱӴ飬Ա׽õ鱦ܹ֮˳
һצ޺׽ϵʱɳƵٴδԭһͷëΪ͸Ҵ⣬ܺãѪصļɣ
һ䣬ԭû˿޺׽͵̫ӼЩ⣬̽צҪֱãڸֵľоΣս١
ǧ֮һ˲ϢȥŷѰĽЩ֮УÿһȻ̲˳ɰǧĽУÿһеı󣬸˵ĸоʬɽѪĶֲǣÿһ֮оȻ̲һ˿ռи֮֮⣬ȻĿռͨǿٱ
̫ӵһͷǡܡΣȴʵʵڵİǰҲֻšʯ֮䣬ھΪƣһצץס޺׽ֱ۶Ҫжʱˣ޺׽Ҳǻ˵ø졣
νѣͨ˽ڣ̫Ҫ֣޺׽ȴϷŹе̫֣޺׽зһߣٴʮԸצ

һҽУ̫ջצԭһָѾʧֻѪѪֹ
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һֻ޺׽͵һ赲̫֮ϰգۼȥϴնһеƵͷ̫նȥ
һ̣˶֪ڤܳλ֮һ䣬̫ԼҧгݵȴԼ

һ죬˳ԾĿУһָͬĴƾڳһ־ն̫ͷ­ʱӲץס޺׽ĽУ֮¡
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Զ΢΢˵ͷȻǶⷬʾͬ⡣Ĵ£׼ˮĸǰʱһɫӰˮ赲ǰ

һھӢûһ˭ǾﲻѡԭΪɥںµһ


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ڵڰ˲ʱһȺӢӼľ𡯵ı֣עˡڡľ𡯱ֳ츳ǶʮֳԾϧ֮м֮֮ԹҲ֮
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һһ٣еŰɣֵܣʱԼЩɫ˫֮͸һ˿мȻ֪һⷬΪ˵ġ
Ϊӣ򲻸ţ׷׼ãȻˣ̵ѣ㻹ԥʲôҵһɱͽָʱ
̵ѣһԸͽ˵йᣡҲڵ
ԣһԥûظһһЦͽЦƾǻԸңãããֶζԸЩֻЩ㣬ĥĥǰңҵ󷨰ɣ޽򽣣򷨣
һһٴνֵġٽ⡯͡޽򽣡ʩչȻҲһ֮ǰʩչһвͬ޽򽣡һһ򣬱Ծһ㡣
˵֮ǰһۺʵԱȼԪӤֻ֣ýӲԪӤ֡
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һȻĿŽ֮УЩӢŵĶԸһͷҲһ⣬ԼǷˣнʱЩȥˣ಻ˮ׼գȸ־ȻԼŪڹ֮Уǿ⡣
ȻһȻһͬʵĳ֣ȴһۼֵܻǿֵʱѾˣǽƱصչˣòҽ
Ž֮У˫ֵ磬һ΢һ仰ȥɫһ̾һ䡰˴ʱ˭˭ʲôô˵ֵ


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һ򷨡ϽҪ߳Ҫ󷨻ǿʶЩڳ˶ԣѵþȫһԣȴһӦȫ
Ǵﵽ򽣡ʩչһ򷨡ǷȱĲǸĥϤˡһȺʵУΪĥṩ˻ᡣ
ʱݣһ򷨡һзɿû˿׺ƿ˳µ̤Сɾء󣬲۷ֺ϶֮СʱֻҪͷһͿӢе
ʱЩӢӶһĥҲྡˣѵļͷ壬һЦָһ㣬ԭԸֵܵ󷨺׵ķ𣬶ͷͳͷѹȥ
ˣɱңҽһһ֮أ
ӣһ㱨ģ

ҽ֮󣬲дͷɵ仯һͷͷӴĽᵤޡһȻôװ֮ŽͷſԳֵ
һѪȴ壬˵Ҳ֪׷ʲôֵɫЩף̾˿ľʦܣǺοأȻĲһбɱǣ»С鷳
һ绹Լʦܡ˼ȻǳԼǺӣ΢΢һЦʦԲӣνı죬οЩڤ粻飬ҷŹǣҲŹҡˣȻѲƶˡɱǻ鷳ǸǲõģҾͻи鷳Щ֪¿Ҳῼһ°ɣ
ϸһ֮еĶüһأʦ˵ˮĸôѵʦˮĸĴ˲ɣ
һҲ˵ͷˮĸУˮĸĴ˲ңˡǧټҪõˮĸУ˶þͽΪȥ顣
⻰ֵһֻһʵ̫ǿһǲҶ˵ʲôһȻ֪顣
û뵽龹Ȼչʦ㾹ȻǶ֮ˣѹҲ̽ص֮ǷдĴڡֻľʦȻõˮĸУֻ񣬿¡
һ֪˵ʲô֪ʮһתһ뷨ӿͷʦ˵ڱУˣ˵Ҳ棬ʦ㻹Щʱյ꣬һ󣬻ʦӦʡ
û뵽һȻæͷ΢΢˵ͷʦ˵ǡ
һ΢΢һЦҪ˵ȴһԵֵܣ˫һУɱڵ˼״æʦ϶λŵùˡֻҪǷģͶȻй¶ο㽻̫֮Ϊѣ˵ҲԳְæ
ֵܼһҪɱǣѾø׼һʱм֮ɫһͷľѣȻҷͬʵΪֵҲΪ塣ʲôҪУǲΥ˼棬ֵܶԸȫæ
һüͷ΢壬չһЦãжλְæ»ȷʵ˲١λģǰңҲڰԼ˾ڡȻװﲻæԼľĳ˵ǰͷǲϰæ͹ֲĺˡ
þȻܶԼаֵܽһصص˵ͷǴӦˡ
һ΢΢һЦͽԼļƻˡΣһƻ˶üͷѣȻʮֿá
缷һЦ֪ӦýľʦܣǽѺã
һƻ˵ʱҲԼݴ˵һ£Ȼûἰڣȴ˵ԼǶŵĵ˵˳⻰΢΢һЦʦϰôбôаɣһƺѣݶع⣬ƺʲô𡣡
˵ͷˣһǽľʦܰɡʦƻȻ治С˵Ҷ洦ȴ̫ðյĵط⺣ʣңǶǺƭȥģξܱ֤ƻɹأ
ƻȷʵֵܶ˫޳ɡ̵ֻ˵˼̫಻Ԥϣܱ֤ƻԲɹŲߣػ뷨˵ɣ
һͣȴһУС׵ٻأ䴫м
ţʱȷʵˣһ΢΢һЦ˵Ѿƣֻʱˣֻ谴£ʱǾ֪ˡ
һ䣬һˮĸֱӹᴩˮĸھŲ㣬ƽ̨˶


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סͨڶ೤£һ׷׾
УˣȻеĸͬԾѣ֪ͬһ˴ȴ˼ʲôŻᷢġ
Ȼĸֲ֪׷ʲô޺׽ˮĸдʮ꣬ȻΪɼ鱦ѹûƿˮĸиֽƺȴҲ˽˲٣ʱ׷ʲôһʱ䣬޺׽֮ɿĴ
˭˭ȻܹڱƤӵ½ˮĸõˮĸС⡢ܣǣˣһСӣ֪ӦýǧУ
ߣûõļһһڵСӶɱȻ⣬ʮûðøˣӵأ
ʮϲЩеûģɱ˾Ҫ⣬ɱɱЩͷԵĶ
ߣ˵ϻбҲţһȥɱСӹƶˣҿȥɱҲò˶٣
Ʊ磬һʼ֪Ʊ磬ߺߣһ©ʱʮһҪ㣡

޺׽֮һ˭Ҳ·磬һ¾ɳƵһס׽еǰ¸ʲôҵȴҲΪ˶ǸӵĴм䣬ֻˮĸǺͺļһ̫õ̫ƣǲýˡοòÿɱ˽ȥСӳɱȻѴмʱֻҪʱϹż䣬޺׽Ҳɾɼ鱦ʱ֮Σٲõūۡ
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ȴ˵ˮĸ⣬һ΢΢һЦѾʱǰ˵ܹ˳ɣ鶼
оˮĸ֮е𶯣֪ʱˣҲʣ˵ͷͳһָĵطȥȥһǹһ˿ЦݣƬ̲ͣͿˮĸ֮С
ʱˮĸУͨѾȥȻǼ䴫нɫЩ԰ףҲ鿪Ȼﾡˡ
ûǰĶӦѾ˸оˣδȥСʵ
һԣ΢΢һЦѾаţǿдȥֻҪ˼ƳɹˮĸҪˣ˵ţһָָ̨֮ϵ
С׿һŵӣǲȵβһæתȥٲʲô
һ罫ͨϣ֪Сʲô󲽳ȥ˾ƣӱֹסǰݼѸʵһúܺãҾǵĹ͡һҪȥ֪ԸⲻԸ⣿
û뵽һȻ˵ôһȻ֪Եɣȴ׷װݵϷԸҵ岻ݴǣֻǲ֪Ͼкΰţ
һ΢΢һЦ尲ŲûУֻǺһʱ䣬ҪǷֿʱ䳤ȴ֪ڼϣǸͱֱٴμ棬ܹһΪֹ
⻰˵Ǿ𣬵һȴǳģһʱ֮˶֪Ǻá֮ǹǰϷģʱҵһеֻϱأҵϻع֮ա
ڣ׸ô׷׿ںȵϷģ
һĵ˵ͷֳͷһУԭˮĸС̧һҲֿ׷׷ȥˡ
ʰ壬һҲԼͽܣڵһ˷ֱҲ֪ʱ䣬ʦ߽Ϊȫȥɣ
ƶ鶼Ƚ¶һô˵ͷʱ׻һ㣬ҲͨȥݵͽԸʦʦӱ㵽
⻰˵ü򵥣ȴУһ̾һðɣѵ˼ҲաСףͽˣ
СԣȻ֪ʲô˼˵ͷһ㽫ӿռȥˡ
һֳˮĸ棬Ŷǹһ˿΢Цֽ¹λ˿԰ͨܲܳ׶ȡˮĸͿһˣҲ֪ʮǰĿرܲã
˵䣬һ׷֮Уͨʹû˿ӦһҪʱ򣬹϶ʱ죬һĹವһεضѸС󻯳һһС


ھһ ֱ׽
н룬һ˫һϲû뵽һֿرֶλЧˮĸҪˣ
һһʶǱֶ̽ζ̽ȥֺ뵽ǱѰ鱦ǿĴڣˮĸûȫƣֻܿˮĸ߶ɼ鱦һȻˡ
ⱦǺãֻȴϸЩѾͷŪô죬ǷСǺһЩ
һֹһ䣬ûʩչرн⻪һȻһɫķ
ף˵ⱦʹôôξȻͨ飬ѵҲɡֻǴ˴ˮĸģ˵ȻǴôȴҲ˼⣬û㻤֣СѾͷ·ߣˣػСѾͷֱ´Σ
һͨķһΪֻԼ룬ȴû뵽˸ιâǴӦһ㡣ǲһֱ֣ӷɵСѾͷͷϣһͷ㷢֮С
һĻһԸӣͷǹ⻪ı˵ûһ㲻ãǲܵġһ뵽ļƻԼҪֿ¶˾ģٲͨˡ
ͷ㵽ʱѾ࣬һҲӣæͬˮĸ֮УǸӦټҲŽУһԭֻʣһСףԼһĸˡ
СףһҸˣһЦ֮дһ˿Ρ
ߣһСʲôΣգС׹мıȥ
һڨڨһЦҲ˵ռ֣֮һƿһڴСĿռͨ
СѾͷŻټ֮գ֪ʱǷѾ˼ˮĸķɡ˵ţ̧־ͽˮĸռ֮ͨУ˲ʧ
һûһ˿˿㯣˲;ȥ˫΢΢һУǹһ˿ЦЩֻûã׼һ£Ȼһʧһ׼Ͷһ
˿һСһ㿪ʼʧȥɼ鱦ѹˮĸʱٴ룬ͬҲݵˮĸµֶԼƺͲãڲõһʱһ˻ʹ洫
ôˣúãҪһ磬ٽһһλճһ΢΢һЦСɲڻУһˮĸ档
һ֣һּֿĺڹ⵱ͷն¡һ׼ҲԵֵ׼ɲ׼̧һУóǧķֱӳǺڹȥ
һ״Ӻڹ֮дǲûϵһȻһ֡ڹϣȻûнڹˣȴ켣һᣬһݵ˿ȥ
һվſǰԭʮɷ̽ǰÿһ̽ǳ޺׽ɡ
Сӣû뵽ֻۣΪˮĸЩϵȴû뵽ˮĸУٽм佻Ըһʹ죬㳢ζ
һķȥ΢΢һЦԭǡǰǰȴǶлǰͽˣСǳ֪һǰǷҪͽһ
㣬ˣǾƲԳԷƣջشм䣬ٽǧУ
˵䣬͵һԾٶȳһնɱһ壬źڵܣһٶҪȥǧѡжƣŲһˣֱˮĸ֮С
ƺպյһȻ͵ŤתĽˣģб¾ͳ뱾һս㵽ȥһͷͷڹꡭһһȴҲŭ֮ԳЦǰ˵ǣֻСӲǽΪǰâǰСɺ徳ٳһսʱȻǰɱˬ죡
㣡㣡㣡һϳԱǵڶֵܵ汻סͱŰаҴܡȴ֪ǰһˮƽƽȴޱȣרŶԸǵֶΣһСģɱ˲ɷ档
ʮȻûãôһСƨˣ治֪ôڡ
ʮôûãŸʲôɴøҰˣҲö۰

޺׽ȻŹ׷׳Ц
ҲǳصģǶǻˣбԼȥ˭ҽȥŻҾҲԸ
һ׽֪ˮĸҽͷһʱ֮䣬ڶ׽


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˻һʱ˹Ȼǰһ㳳£ȴһʱ֮˵ŵ취ͷ¾ڵʮӦе
ǻ˵⻰µҪ𣬵˵⻰ʵǿ¡ġ¾ƨҷţֻΨΨŵŵĵ磬ˮĸɲһĵطҽȥôĶ֪
¾һ˵ϻε²ҲˡҼȻӽеȥǸӦþͲˣĽƶȻȥ̽һ̽·ңҵȾһȥȡм䣬ûм٣ߣ͵Ϊ¾ˣ
˵ϣ֪˵ʲôҲáһ٣¶ģŻˮȥ
ڽˮһɲǣȻͷҲǳصģһʱų򽣹⣬ͬһ͵һʣЩΧǳķʱơȻзɣٶһ
һеȻˣááãСӣûϱɱ㣡˽ȥ
׽ȥҲ֪ռ˴м仹ǱģæͳȥΨ¾һ٣ڳʲô˲䣬Ҳ𽣹⣬˽ȥ
׽֮бһ롮
СӣȻǵ˴УȻܹǳǵĽƣֵǣɱɱǳΪɼ鱦
ɱɱɱɱţӶᵽ޺׽ϣʱ°˳
һ뵽һϵĴм䣬ڶ׽ﻹʲôأΪ׵ġ¾ס֮⣬׽һӵϡ
һ״ȴ侪壬һúáϷ󶯣Ųþһ֮ٶȶȻ죬˲Ϣϰķڶ׽ɱȥ
ÿһԪӤһ֯һΪһĥ״޺׽ѹȥֶΣ׽ɷҲһֻΪΪʳĿľҪɱһȡм䣬οϾʹȴ
޺󣬽ħȺɱ
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һַԳһ˿أͷ⣺ħ鱦Ȼͬ죬⻹ǲȱȫҷӡʮ꣬ȫʢ֮ʱ֪ǿʲô̶ȥˡûѡӲƴȥֻǺ⺣ĸΪεʱûг֣ѵǾȻ޺׽˲ɣ
뵽һϵ˲份һ˿Цˣ
ֻһƿ֮Զˮĸһƪɫ⻪˸ʮռڶƿÿڶ֮ж߳һȺŮٽУЩķ֣Լǰ
ڳΪĶǺ֣Ȼױ㿴֮еֻǷһһΪʿȻܹ׽սƽ֣ȴǳԾԸӡ
⵽ô£ѵҿ˲ɣӦֻнΪôܾͶ֮ͷֶֶܷΣǻǽȥһҪ
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ഫʮǰˮĸһֶΣ֮硯ܽһһǧųΪһƬѵвɣ
ʲôֶΣ֮оǡ֮硯ֶΣǧڵķˣ찡һ뷢²ٲɣôܰ
ټ֣ˮĸʲôˣˣû˵ӡһħɲűȷôֶΣҵȷ˿Ȱġ

ǺڳϣǷڵߣ׷ֻ޺׽ֱɱȥǣһĴڣڽˮĸдƵ£ʱӵǿսһʱ侹Ȼľ档


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ӣǺο⺣֮УΪıʿʵ
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ӽƤҲ⣬¸һЦӹˣϹҲǳճˣ̸ϼʶ㣬ֻǴ£ϹȷʵЩ뷨֪ԸⲻԸ
ӵ˵ͷ˵ǣ
ˮĸһۣ˼䲻޺׽ǹСӣʵʮǿֶսֲ֮˺ô⺣ҹͬԸЩˣʱǻմΡ
ԣ˽һЦȷʵֻ߼ػǺǧ꣬һǰλʳɱɱʱմµĺô
ĺʲôЦĻ¸ЦҲǻǧˣβ֪ûԶĵˣֻԶ档߼ҿסˮĸǧ꣬ҵβסǧꡣ֪Χ֪ԶЩǿĽɫ֪ˮĸĴڣﻹݵýյȻǲϴӦҲͰˣǸɸģֻǴ½ˮĸٲʱǺҪˡ
˵̣ͺ֮е˼ȴвƢĽŭһڹ꣬ҽ˵ȥҽʾҪƷĹѨ
ԣƺ⣬ʱӵʺô磬ãϹеĹӹҲ̫ˣǽѨƷˣǳȥŻôһɢˮĸϢҪøԶ
㣡ŭһҪ֣ȴȰס
ʣǿԴӦֻ棬߼ҲҪռͷ߷֡
˵Цʵ൱Ҳ൱ȻҪֳɲź
֣ǽ֮±գҵ߼ʱ˳Ҫʧ֮ٽԸ⴫ȥ㴫ȥǣʱûǿͰˣˣٽͷ͸ǣһӻҲǺõġüһԳһŵ
ɫ䣬¸һЦȻˣǾ֣⺣λʷĳɣ߼ҷɣܺ˰ɣ
ˣǾͳɽɣӺԥİ
˫ȻöܿűνһƬ̣Ǳ㲼ˮĸ֮СʱˮĸĹȫһԸ޺Ǽǳͨ衣
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һ⺣ֳֶԸ޺ͷһ֮еڶ׽ʱ۴вѡֻʵԸǣһʱ֮佫ǴôֲνҲ
ս֮УһҲյ⺣ִѯݺĿĵģг£ģյģЩһֻûŲʣֻȨ߶ˮĸƶԸ׽ͬʱҲֳһСķ⺣֡
ʱƣ޺ѹֻʮɷԲƶ˲٣Ǽѹȥ¹һʱ̣Ҫƴ󣬵ʱ׼һʱ޺׽ҪܻҲǲܵ顣
ˣʱ죬öˣһ˼һҪֶΡʱоǱѹȵ޵޺֮оȻһһϢ
׽жҲҪɣСģҪˣλСҲСЩɣӲǷ۷壬ҪڵĴڣȻΪˮĸƲһĿҲܿӦԾһ
Ȼӿڵһ̣޺Ȼըֻûʲôɣʮ޺׽ֳ
ףǣˣ鱦
˴һԭ鱦ﻹ̵ס׷׶ȥʱ˵һĻˡ
޺׽֮Уǿʮ񼶱׽͵ĳ弶˹ȥһ㣬ͽ׽ûǿһǡ¾һֱ׽


ھ ʮԪħ
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Ǻڶ೤϶ͣ½⣻⺣ȴʵǿΪ̵ôǵͣӿٶȳȥһЦžҪЩԭصĺ弶׽
ģλʷ׷ŭҪЩͷԵ¡
λ弫ǿһŭ㽫Щ弶ֽס׷ͣ£ɻأҲмԽߵ鱦ԥһ¡һԥ;Ǳҵˡ

ҽ̴Ӽбļڽǵش­ֻһ棬㽫նɱ
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ˬ̫ˬˣҵֵܱɣΪ˻ɣɵĽΪǿ鱦ʮ궼ѹܹʹɣҪлǰ
ٺ٣ãɱлɣͷëǰñۣһҾɱ˭ҲҪ

һԭʮ޺׽ֻʣʮʮÿһǷ񼶱𣬶ұѰǿ֣Ϣֻǿ¾ӷͥĳ̶ȡ
ˣɱ£챾ҪǴ齣飬¯ŭһһ׳˶ĺ˫ɱȥ⺣ʮ֮һĿ񾨻ʣ֮ǿ֮ڡ
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ԣ˵ͷ˵Ĳ׽̫죬Ǿʹȥ˵ֱʣˣٳ֣λСѣҲҪ֣
һһЦҲ˵ֻһǰ֮гΪıʾ
һҲ˲Ϣ֮飬պÿ񾨻ʳȥһͬ⻪޺׽ɱȥǿһһ˰Ĺ֣֮ǿֱӸǹųһöͨٲ񽣡
Щ޺׽ȻȻ壬¾ʩʮԪħɱ
һɱֳڣʮһ׽뺰ɱһ𣬶ʱӿȻˮĸˮʮɣһ󷨳ԭأʱý˸ȴǺɱ֮ƺǾ֮ţ
һǿ񾨻Ҳһæͣ¶ݹ⣬ʹȥҲϣæһɣ˫˳ȥ
һ󣬱ǰɵɽҪֱӴ𣬵롮ʮԪħ֮ȴֻһž֮Ƭ֮Ƭء
һĻ񾨻ǿ񾪲ѣ˫ɲǻʱĳֱȻƷŲӣϣӲȴʵʵ߼ˮ׼˵÷һӣԼȥ²ҲҪˡ
񾨻㬵Ļȴû˸ҳЦʱֶζʮԪħȥ˺Ȼͬ죬һ㽫ҿֳĳֻý֮ʮͷʮɸµħӰֳħ衣
ʮͷħӰҿ׷ŭһԦڷ磬󷨾ͳһ£Ҫ£СûϵȻ׶񣬼÷˹ɢһա
ʮͷħ񲢲ʹ˷̤׷ٶȾȻ˻һߣֻ֮в㣬ݵɢ
ʮͷħʮ޺׽һγӦ˳˳Ǽƻ֮󣬸ɢоһȷѪԻָʵʱǺɨ绹໥ɣǶõѡ
ʱǱһ⺣ֺȲòǰɣͺԤóĶƣȴֻǰ궾ƣǿĹƳ棬վвȱݴڡ
ڴ£޺׽ڻȻ⺣ø֣һΪȴܹǵֵȥǳ˼ĺĴмȴǺ֮ǡ
ʶʮԪħصչ˵ľһֻʮͷħӰ̧־ʹħһϯɱҲûʲôˡ


ھ ʹ
ˮĸ֮УˮĸµĽˮĸĶĿʶһ˲һоΣ١ֻ㽫޺׽һ飬Ҳ֮ڣʶ¶Ծ飬ͷȴǲŭϲ
ãܺãҵˮĸٲܴǴܵأͲͬˣ޺׽鱦ܣվͽһɣ
һʯ֮䣬˼תǧͷ뷨׷ӿһãȫķֻ̤ƽأһšˣʮԪħ󡯳ȥ
ףҪʲôѵҪһȺ׽Ժ䲻ɣȻˮĸҵȶǿʱ׽㣬ȥһôѵӻбֶβɣ
ֶΣ㵱˲ɣСС𵤣ܹһͬսѾǽ֮ˣѵΪԼܹһ֮׽ɣǲ
ٺ٣ʲôãСԸ׽ԺǶǿõ飬ǷֳǺûǻʱճˮĸȻӲġ̵ְֶΪأ
˼һĶ׷״֮Ľ֮֮м֮Ǻ⺣ʿȴûһ׼ǰǰֳ֮Ӿվһԣü΢ڵȴ
ȴ˵޺׽һȻ˻ʱñСŭһʮħӰ͵ɢڹһһͷɸµľ޴ħħһɳǷŴ޺׽
ȥɣ
ʮͬһŭ𣬾޴ħ͵һֽһϣԳʬɽѪ龰Щ˶޺׽նɱ飬ԩ걻ڽУΪһĴڣΪ޺׽ɷ
Ϊ˶Ըһ޺׽Щ鶼ֳԼѾȫ⣬Ҫնɱһ˲䣬ҲһӣʱͿֱӳȡм䣬һá
һ֪޺׽̣Ҳм֪Ϊ޺׽ʱҲƶԷ취ʱȴһâӭǾɱһͽ취ͬâһͬȥ
˵Ŀ֮Уֻ޴ħֳմ£һ۰ӭͷȥٷ֮һɲǱײһ
¡
һȻըһӱը֮Ƴ˷ȥħӰⱬը֮һ˼˲˲٣һڱըĲԸȻû˿˺ֻԭߵػ𣬲գۼ˽룬Ǵʱٲˣ·ȥҪ
˶һġɱΪʱһԹӱը𣬼̶һԹΪԴͷһޱȵ·ĶԶգۼ䣬һֺ޴󷨳ǰ
ʲôѵǴ󣡡
ԣⶫǴ󣡡
ֹⲻǴǴ˵еĴʹ󣡡
⻰ڳڶҲһǷ񼶱Ҳ¶֮ɫ
Ҫֶֻ֪ҪԪӤھܹãݴĴ;ȴҲҪִС
ԪӤڣܹõģҲСʹ󣬴͸ǧͺܲˣһĸ֣ܹòһռ䷨򣬲ʹ󣬴;ʮﵽ֮䣻ҪôʹǾҪɽٸϵʵȴһ͵ǧ֮⡣
ഫϹʱϹʿ£Ϊ˸ʱ䣬඼ֻǵʱôСǴʹ󣬸г󣬺ųܹͬ磬ֶֻξҪ˲ܹ쵽ˡ
ڣжϾСʹ󣬴ϵôĲ÷Ҳ֪ο֪ȴһããȴһϻʱ˷ʱ顣Ե񣬴ʹ󲻽ǺǴ˵һĴڡ
ãСҪܣʲϳɾһӾͿߣһ˶
⻰ԭ˵˶ʱһǵ뷨Σһ֮ɱǹжǵ⣬뵽һȻһʹֱ£һľɱ
ֻǴʱը֮ûɢһɹɾ˷ˢȥ˵Ǻ֣ǷֶǿվΣסʱǳȥ¾һԼҲҪˣʱ˵ôס˵
Щֽˮĸ֪ˮĸܶطûп⣬Ȼû˽ȥһˮĸʲôҰȴһʶԱ̬Ȼ˶ԸһʹȥȴҲûǰ


ھ һɷͬ
һһƣðű޺׽նɱΣղŴﵽһ֮󼰡ͷһԶԶվŲǰ⺣֣¶һ˿صЦݡ
ڶֳǰķ⣬ֻһע⵽һһ˿ЦݣǱˮˡһ˿ЦݵʱͷûһͻֻмϤζȥȴ벻
л޺ǰҿСӾҪˣǰвԶ͡Ǵм䣬һβܽǰˣǰʵҪһ·У°ʮ֮ҵС˰ɣʱһмϣǰЦɰ
һ˵ţһЦ󣬾ͳȥ
һζԺ䣬ʮԪħҲɢȻûˣȴҲСһ⻰һ˵޴ħ񵱳飬»ʮ׽Ϊǿһ׽¶¾ԭһĮµһȴޱߵķŭԳ֮ɫ
ˣȻƱñ򿪴ķӡһҪɱ㣬ǧҲͷ֮ް
ǰϢŭСȥˣԵټɣһһ봫󣬻֮һѵƷƷʯÿһöʯڴĽڵϣ󼴿̷
ߣ£
ۼ󼴽һһ߾Ҫǳ˼ĺ룬ʮĴм䣬޺׽ڵȲȥˡ׽Ӱ͵һգʮ˲仯Ϊһ˱ը֮谭һڹ㳯һɱ˹ȥ
ⱬը֮ˡʮԪħ󡯺͡ˮĸ֮ǷֶҪף޺׽ҲҪСĴۣ÷֮Уһ˻𣬺ɱҽд޺׽ϴֻʣ¡¾ǽĿ
ɣɣ޺ʮֻʣһҲҪôм䣬Ϊɼ鱦Ӵң£ٲΪūۡ
ԭڳƱը֮谭Уˡ¾֮޺׽龹Ȼ׷Ի٣֡¾ʹãҳΪɱһˡ
ôħ˶ͬ鲻ԼôΪԼˣȻħȴ˲ͬ飬Ȼսթ˼άȴвͬ⣬Ȼ©һ㣡
̾Ҫɽ޺׽һҲЩˣҪˮĸȴִˮĸ֮Ĺһʱ֮䣬Ȼ˹¼ҹˡ
СɣΪ޺׽һУһʹ죡¸¡
ߣһ鱦ˣأãҪҵҾ͸ƴˣ
Σʱ̣һ˲ͻָ侲˫΢УͷתҪҳһ£ֱһ񼶱ĸֺŭ֣˵ֻнΪԪӤΪֵܵһ¡
ƴˣ
һͷͺһ˼ͷ˲ţʶһоȫʱһľ֮С
һǰδегһУ֮ӡƺһ̣˼ްθߣƺܹͬӸµĿһûָˡ
֮ġСµ춨ġû뵽ͷȻá
һ֪֮һף£Լûǿǿ۽ĸ˵ȴЩƣǻԵɺϣʵʵģԼĶ
仰˵ҲҪԵӵеĶ򣬶һԣӵеֻ֮ҪܹУܹʱӵУҲд谭սʱ
ɵǳԣⶫٶ˵İٱǧмֱǿѹĽϹʱĵУѾ˼ҪѰ򡮵Сһˣ
һͷϲȴһȻԵɺ֪˵еİҲǰѡʮ֮һˣһѣеҲˡ
ȥɣ
һҲɲǵ飬޺׽ѾַɽһأɷϢһб׻¾ʹ˱ҪЩˡ
Һħٽ⣬а¾񡭡޽򽣣򷨣һ򷨡ɽӳ֡౦ľӳ֡䣬ӳ֡䣬ӳ֡Ħڭչ磬䡭أȣ䣡ˣ
һ˲䣬һķֶãͬʱϵķͨת⡢Ӱķ׷֣ͬʱһȻɷͬޡȴû㱩ۺһۺеĵ֮¾Ȼںϣһǰδе


ھ ʹĸо
ɷͬһ˲䱬ͻ˽ˮ׼ԽԪӤڣѰԪӤڣԼﵽԪӤڵˮ׼
֮˵еĽɷ֮ǽɫʲôɡħҲûʴ֮оȻһ۵̫
СӵʲôˣȻô೬ѰЩһ𵤵ӵУԳΪӢ֮еľӢһ˾ȻӵôǿȻûб壬ֱ漣
겻ܹһֱȥ˵һˮĸһĳﰡ
ǰջǧ֮󶨳ɴֻǿϧˣһξȻ׽ɱʱѾܽǿҲǽΪ˵ȫˣǱѰ

ڶ೤Ϸ׷۵ʱʮһСֻ΢΢Щ࣬ΨڤһҧгݵȻǿһʹõǷ뵽֮ǰŶڤһ飬Ͳŭѡ
ߣû뵽ȻһӣȻƽһҪ̻ͷ֮ޣһҲڽӣʾͷһɣ

˵ڴʱһԣһжΨԼǰԽԽҪ׷޺׽
С޺׽¾ǽֱһŶ
ɱһͷͺһڵеĵΪһɣעǽϡ
ԭΪ̫ӵ֮ƷԲǽһϻӲȫһΣ϶ʮöһĽͽͬʱųҫ۵Ĺ⻪Ȼȫ
˲䣬һһԣûзĽûжĽеֻдͽıƴ
ֻһȻڵе£εԼܴﵽߴԷ񼶱޺׽ȴֻ֧һ档
ɫ͵һǺ죬ۡĽһѪ˳Ѫ֮顣һ£Ѿˣǰδеˡʵòཫñ޻ǿ¾һ£Ѿ飬ڤڤȥˡ
ɣ¾һ֮ȻûֱӽɶСӱ飬ŭһһɱ
һﴫȫʮϢʱ䣬ʮϢʱ޺׽㹻ûսһնɱٴˡֻһɫͬ¾ٽһʺ˲Ҫ
ħͷ
һͻأĽȴһдһʹ⻪ֱֱֱӺ޺׽ϣȻһӰ׽ƫ֣һ˳ȥ
˭
СС鱦㣡
һȣС׳֣˲仯ٽĹԪͬʱ߷Ϊһɣֱӳ޺׽ɱȥ
ҵ˭ԭһͷСȻҪͳȫ㣡
޺׽ⶸת͵ĳСĹǿԪ֮ˮ޺׽ô֮׺ڤ֮赲һ£ȴܿ챻ơ޺׽£ҪȫһۣͬʱС׺һնɱڽ¡
ʻѣ칬ף
Сױݽҧ˫ָ󷢾һȹѺһϵĽͬʱ룬ȻһѤĹâҪס޺׽
ߣҪסң˵Σ
СһЦһֳڣ˳ԾĿ£ѵõƷȻȻըһǿޱȵ޺׽ӿ˹ȥ

¾û뵽С׾ȻȻҲ׺ݵĽɫ֪Ǳܿһαըٲնɱһõм䡣ŭһܲ˵ӭűը֮ɱȥ
ֻһͨ쳹صĽ޺׽ȻƥȻͻ˱ը֮һСɱ˹ȥֻûһ޺׽ֱӴ͸ĸҪնɱһʱȴסǰ
СС鱦Ϊôɱô
СһʤѩѾȾһ㣬ǹһ˿Ѫǵһֳһ־Ȼԭһе˫ץ޺Ľ޺Ȼɱһ
㾹ץסѵ治ô
ߣСü΢һȴ𻰣ֻһ˫ֽץס˿ɡ
ҷ֣¾ŭһ͵һһӽС׵𿪣תһȦٴγһɱȥ
ֻһ˲飬ٳ޺׽ǰһѾָһ˿ֻǻҪȴǲˡ
һȾѪصСףһ˫۾ĵüۿѡ˲䣬ЩСദĵελһδ꽫С״ؼҵ龰ٿСһȾѪİ£һǰδеʹоӿͷ


ھ ͼ仯
һʹʱһĻĻӿԺǵĹʱҮʶ֮ͨдݳҪӰ
ǰڵڰ˲㣬ʱӰһ֣ΣյĴڣ˵ƾͼƣԼǱ롣
ʱͬǽϴβͬٲԪӤĺӣֶҲǼӵ󷨡Լαնɱ޺׽ɱľ󣬲ԼСҲ龰һоЩǾݣĻ
ģһ·һУһͷͺ˲˼ٴĳ̶ȣʱһӿԺ֮еӰ
չûˮĸеʱժħʱͻȻͣ龰ǵһƵ׽ҪͻƽӳȥʱһϽ龰
һһͬʱֶ֣ͬ꼻һ֣һȻ˳֡һ룬ǳȻˮĸķãǽܹˮĸһͬ˵Ҳ˼ˡ
ˮĸķΪ˿Ĵλȴһһ˿񣬾㲻ܶԸ׽ӦҲ㹻ˡֻλɳ֣š⽣⽣У죬ѵǣһǡ
һϲ뵽ʲôۼ޺׽ԼѾֻ߾룬û漣һ̣ͽɵŭЦԪ͵һţһ£һöͷ­С׶ɫĵԶѰ𵤡
ףʲôѵǽ𵤲ɣôֽ𵤣ͷҲ̫ˣȵҽ𵤺ʱĽ˰ٱ
ǰ̫ˣݹ죬죬ֶι죬һͷôĺ޲˵𵤶ô죬ôĽ𵤣ҸоöԪӤ
ףʱȻ³ѵҪԱɣôĽ𵤣ԱǶҪ˱ɣ
ߣʲôã޺׽Ƿ񼶱𣬱˵ֻǽ𵤣ԱԪӤҲӮˣ
һ仰ʮֲãȴܽһ䣬г϶Ե˵ͷǿһһǻ췦ˡ
ȴ˵¾һȻԸԼͷΪмԼ֮ȴоһ˿ףֻһλɱһ֮󣬻Ҫժȡ䣬ٵ飬ʱͻ᲻Ϊ鱦ҲԼһöܹԼĴȥ
¾Ҫ̵ϵһɲǣһһǽ׶ɫĽ΢΢һתԭǽɫһȴɫһ޺׽
ֻýһֳÿһһ׽Ũǿһǡ⽣εľȻǡɱ¾⻹ʮ׸ʽȻǿ󣬵ÿһ׶
޺׽һὣʱԭܲɷӵĽ׷ȥֻʮһֳ
ʮֳһֻǾһáϸһǿһ˿ߡͨ˿Щ֣µҪϲ
Ϊⲻʮ֣ʮ׾׵Ľܽʮ׽չֳͰඥ⽣޹⡣
ףʮ־Ȼǽ̫ˣ𵤻ҲͰˣʮǻˣȴǿϧˣ¾Ϊ飬Ѿӽ˽ĩ˵±ڽϸǿûмʮ֮жϲһ˿ϧĸо
ţԣʮ֣ʮ׽УĽܣôҪҪʮֵġ¾ûľԭѸ͵Ľ͵һͣǵǰèһ㣬ɿˡ
ʱһɤ֪ﴫ޺׽ٴγˣ˵ʮټ٣˾ϴҲ˰ɣû뵽ڣ㻹㲻۾Ȼٴδ֮ϡ
㣬Ȼ㣬¾Ъ˹ĺ֮ȴЩǿиɵζ
û뵽㾹Ȼˣһˣ
һ䣬ֻƾһ׹⣬˲ֳһ°׹ڵӣһ磬磬ȴˡĿģȴͳӭƮһѲƮƮɵζ


ھ վȥ
ˣ֪⽣ħͷʲôԺ˵ҿͬΪ֮һֻȡǽа֮ˡʱǲж£½ͬʱһ˿û뵽Ϊ˵뱾˶֣ʵﲻˡ
ʲôˣʲôﲻˡ㣬ֵǰ㣬޺׽˴㣬ͳΪɼ鱦㣬ҲһСȴҵȵĴԵôȳɾ͡˵ĺʲôͬһǵ޷ֵܰˣŽǷͷ꣬һҫΪ񵱳ܱɣ޺׽ź
⻰˺⣬׵ǷˣֻûȴСˣһ񣬹ˣͿһɣ
˵ţһУһʮӦٻֱѳ»һŲƵͼ֮Уһ֣ͽǽС
һ棬һԽޱȵĽ΢΢ͷ۵˽˫ޣγ˽ɿһãȻһ˲Ϳǽıʡ
䣬˳ԾĿУֽһӣǽѳһһϸͬ˿Ľ˳һ˿һƮٶȳ޺׽ɱȥ
һ˿¾˵ǰɣǵʱٴУɿĽϢﵽ壬ԽڣﵽڴԲĳ̶ȣŭһͳ˿ն˹ȥ
޺׽ͬ˿ϵһ˲䣬žһ죬ǽ˿ĵըһ̾ȻݻһѤޱȵĽ֣һһͳ޺׽ȥ
޺׽һȥȴһЩĸоڱôһʱʧȥ˵ֱֿӱ𣬳Ϲȥ
㾹Ȼˣթƭң˵Ҫңȴˣթң㣬޳ܰ޺׽ڽ֮Ӳֻ÷һС
˿⣬Ц㲻˵СôȻˣ㱻һСˣթڲƭֻ˵̫
⻰Ȼ˵Ц˵ĸоȴûаЦĵطڳ˶סΪģֻΪǡ˵ˣǾ˵˲Ƿ˶ˡ
νɷ֮𣬴ԨһĻ˵ϵһëѹһƬˡԴʱֵȻֻһ˷񣬵ֳʵǿʹֳȴûа˸ҿǻֻ޺׽ϵǰгоһû
а޺Ĳо΢΢һЦȷʵĻԵȻǾͲġһ鱦ȻЩûд˼ȻΪɼ鱦ôףǹԹԸСӣ˵һ˿ء
˵䣬ӰԽԽһף޺׽Ľͼоͬǽ䵽һϣ˷ڳɢȥ·ûгֹ
ʱһӴдȻǴʽˡһ𷽲ŵľһ˿ԪԼߣù⻪һһ⻪ת˱ʧԭء
ʮʱ䣬һԱ߹ս⺣ֿȴǶȹһĳȡһ鱦ʧһ˷֣һ飬ǧѵһֻǿϧǣֻԹߡ
ôɷ鱦Ȼոˣ̫ˣ֮ȻǱѰ
ͬͷԺлصܿǾͻظǰʵˮĸķ⡣Ҫ֪ˮĸĻۣıȻһ鱦𣬵ܵļֵȴֵúü鱦
ʱû˹ͬˣ⺣ֵĺϵȻȻȻǰЭڣҶǶ˾ڴǰôᱻЭһ̿ʼٴλָϵ
ɫķֿǺʱ֣⺣һ֣Ϊǰһ̣⺣ĺֱ޺׽նɱü˵Ҽȫƽˡ
˫׼µǺƽ䣬Ǵһ˵ʱԭƽˮĸҡһѹֱ֮иϣƺ˲Ҫѹһ㡣
ãˮĸ¿Ҫųϵˣһ峤Ͼʧĺ
⻰ڳ˶һ㶣ûƵĳ汼ȥҪ֪ˮĸĽˮĸ͹һˮĸ򿪣˶Խ룬ǿнֻᱻѹѹһеƻָ˶˲ʲôˣϾҪö
ҺڳǸ֣ͨܿͳˮأϡֻ뱦ɽ֣Ҷģһʱ䣬ֽȫݲýϵĸֽ룬ģظȥˡ
ֻǲ֪ǣ뿪֮󲻾ãĸӰŴ֮ͨг֣ŮһСŮͷĿԼͨһۣ૵˵˼仰˲ųȥ


ھ ʦ
ɽɽͬҲһ滷ˮ滷ɽȻΣʹƬĵĹšѵõǣͳջ汲գ˰ʹù︷ᣬհҵ
һùģ̳汲֮ĵͬʱȴҲĽ׷ɵΪ˿Ǯƹλļ˲ʦÿսڿΡ˵ɵ˲мڽҲЩɲɣȴЩ΢ΪҪһٻ
һգרʦı̨ɼҵ̨϶λ׷ͯյʦ߸˲ٵ˴ˣһۣһǰţ˶аߵζһҵʿ
Ϊһʦһ䡯Ҫʦһͬ̽֡ʤʱһէԶͬʱһɷ׹ôԱ̨ðɽֱ
ʱڳ˶Ծվ׷ָǵɢĹ۷׷סΪȻҲǼʶ㣬Ҳֻڷ֮аˣ龰ͬ̾Īܿ뵽Լʦ
תͷȥʱ򣬷λʦһ㾪ʧȻɶڵأ˫Ŀ΢أȻΡ
ʦʦȻڲͬȴ棬ȻΪȻ汾µˡҪ๩˵ʦһˣʽţӴ̤ɵ񲻱˼ˬ졣
ţҪǰѯʡ˼λʦתָǽĹԼ˵ˣѯΪǲĵʱλʦɫһָ
Ź²ЩСʩˣ۵СεΪ֮أΪһʦȻ˵
ʩĶʱһȻλʦΪȴɵõĵλʦ֪ʩ᲻Ӱ챾Ӱ죬ʦ£ðոлλʦˣ
⡭λʦԣ¶ɫ޵һ˿ϲȴ¶ʵ뷨վһѵľλʦҪƽŮ֮ǿӦ
õŵĻϲص׼ȥˡֻ̨ʣλʦԼһĳĵˡڵ֮λʦһǰıׯϣͬпһһ𣬹
ʦְǶǱôʲôȻôһֱӰҴˣʦ㻽ң½Ҫ
ʦ˵ǰղҲˣʦΪǳ˵˵òʦλӾͲʱôƭķôõӰ
⻰ϵֱӽԼҲεȥĲ˵λʦΪҲǲˣΪֲǶһϧһֱû˭˻졣ڷǶΪҵļʶȷʵǱסӿɱȵѡķǿˣ˵þһ챦ʲô챦Ǿǳ˼ûĺöǿ˵ɽ֣Ϊõ챦ųΪֵġֻҪֵܵõ챦˵Ҳ㷭ʱΪһ֣ԪӣɵȤٻʲôǸƶѡ
ϵԴҫĻҲ˾ͷϵ˵ѡʵʱʱˡֻΪϵԵһ㣬Ѿϻ꣬ǵûнҴܸӵĴһ
λϵĻ̥˸ۡڶùŵĹһԡơϵ沢ԵУ˽¾ͲŻƽˣЩŮϵνǴѲѣȵõǼ챦µҹҪɲһһ¡ɼСˡ
գϵһΪΪ񲻴͵ݽɽһɽУϵ㽫ֶʩչΪٹڵʿȻǵײ֮еĵײ㣬Ҳȷ˲ͬԼԦǿնС
Ƿɽʮʱһ˿һƬɽͱڴֻǱﻹҰ㵢飬ȿֺķɹȥһѨ֮дҲ̾ͳ˽ȥ
˷ʮأżһ⣬ѭȥȻһնöңҶһöҹŹԡ
ףҹ飬ñϵʶȻ㣬ǱҪȥȡ˼״
˷ɽʱһȴɣ


ھһ ǿи
ϵѾʯɨһ飬ûзκ˵Ĵŷȡ뵽Ȼʦıӵ²
һȣ˳һȴӰУһ̣һӵ泯ѹ̾͸оԭʹķȻЩתҽһ׷
ϵȻЩΪһϹͷȻǿҲȳǿһ֣ɸ߿Ϸ±µҪͷѪ
Ӵˤô°
ϵȷһߺʹһץ⿴ȥﻹʦѾһ߷ͷӡʱϵҲ׷վ˱Ϊǣ濴ȥ
˭ðʦֵˣٳ㲻
ϵһ˳ȥֻǰζû˻ش𣬵ǾɲʱһһԴٹڵСʿȻҷһǶûЦˣǲҪˣ
һֺȳڣ֮еĿ֮𵴣ϵһֱӱ÷ҵǽϡ
˵ǰһȻǱŵˣȾʵʵʵˣз»壬ϵñҵۡոһԳڣٴνѹǽϡ
֮ءȡ䡢ˡԴεڷȻֱӽϷºƣϵҵǽϣײ˸ͷѪҽ
ǰǰĹǰɣСҲϵæס˿ڿ޺
ߣΪԱԲѷĳͷһƻ̫ˣĵķϣֱĨȥǵΪˣ
ʲôĨȥΪϵҲ˲ס˿ڣֱſϾ͹޺аǰҵĨȥΪ͵Ҫǵǰ
һ֮󣬰βٴ˵ﱾѾֻǿк֮£һΪҰ£
⻰תϵﻹ˵οܹ뿪ߣ棬ȻٴôЩݣܱȰҪǡ
ߣܺãȻǴӦˣͽ˰ɣ˵䣬öɫ˳䵽ϵС
ϵȻʶǳҲ֪н˵ַƽﻹţû뵽վȻ䵽ԼͷϡֻƱǿΪϵֻȥ
һУǸЦһ׳һҴ򿪣ٽеĶȡ
ֵҪϵȴ´ʲôҪĻأȥ䵽ϵͷϡ
ˣˣҪȡҲְ취ϵҧҧһ봢֮Уʱе֮еһС
ϵһ
ôˣôˣϵŵһߺһѯʡ
ϵβŻع㶵Ŀϵö౦ﰡԭڴ֮мѳСɽ״ķʯҩֲϣⱦЩһֶƽɼĺöȴǰԼϡ
ϵһĭ˼һҪռΪе뷨ܿͷˣΪõЩȴϾҪȥûеõȴûʲô
ϵ̾һĽжȡһĸֱһءϵ°ͶҪ֪ϵ˵ġö࡯кöˡ
ܺãѴԼȡһƿ˵ĵҩǿԹȥˣţ׼߿ʮͷһǾҪͷ­Ѷ
⻰ϵϲǲΰ룬ѡһƿϺõ˵ҩ˵棬һֹͲ֪ٱԹڰ̾ˡ
ȴ˵ڰ֮лһӰҹҫ¿һº۵ֻ꣬ǸǣɫƶǷڣƺʲôһ㣬§һѩ׵С꣬һӦ
һһǴˮĸӳһСסȻڽɷİ˱һѾɣǰһձ͵˵صʱСȻһʳ˰ö컯סȴһֱ˯û֪
һԼҲΪ޺׽ƴһ˼˵Ǳ֫ٺܽ˿òԪ
Ƿ컯ҩƣЧʱһǿиɣһʿ֣ܽſ¡
һʼõǿ߶ϵη壬ϵҪ˵¹˭ֻһδ֪ˡ


ھ Ѫ֮
ǰһصĶһüͷļѡΪ޺Ľٽ֮תԪ첻ЩǿеôֻһЩҩҲ仺ҪѸĥȴǧѡ
һ뷨׼ҩѴʱĥʱһâǰȴһɫ̽
׽ǣһһ˼һתںʱԼõɫ̽һոһ飬һһֱûãų⵽ڡ
һȻ𣬽ʶҲסͷȴͨԼܰյеĴڣڴ˵صԭ򡣽׽У˼ͷתһ󵨵뷨ĵ
ã죬Ȼ֮ضմĹ⻪˵ûǰһϵЩ׽⣬һʿҾҪɥƴˬ죡
һѾץƵķţһСףһԼˣȰһĳƾΣϢȫƽ֮󣬱˫ץ׽͵ı㳯Ųȥ
ۡ
һѪһûʹ࣬һ˿Ц૵ã̫ۡ
˺ֱֽ̽澭ѨλΣԭ˺۵ͱѪǱ֮Գ˼
ѪѪħ
һԭϸϸʵѪҺȻƾշѪ˿׽ǲȥһѪɫû뽣֮Сʱһ϶Գһ˿԰֮⣬ζеѳֲסҡʱżһ˿ɫ˳Ѫ˿̴Ѩû׽֮С
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һ컽һһ潫׽ǳ̴Ѩٴȥһץһѵҩͳȥ
Щҩ弶ƷʥҩѰöʯһöʱȻһǶһ㹾ȥȻЩҩǰĵģó̴Ѩ⣬ѨλۿɼϣɫҲָ
̴ѨвϵѪͬʱżһ˿ɫ˳û׽֮Уһ¶һ˿οЦ⡣
ΪΪ׽áѪ֮׽ǵķ񷽷ȻɹˣȻĽţһë㲻ϣĥȴǿ˰ٱֹ
֮ͱڶѨ⣬ϵηηĳ͵顣ֻǵΪûͨʶҲ̽ôԶ֪淢ʲô
ʦ֣ʦ֣
꣬С㣬һס˵ɷϵȴͷһæĿڵǰǶԲ˶߰
ԣԣԣС㣬ʦ֣˵ǰʲôˣΪʲôط
ң˭ǲûǰǱһܹǿһˣһһ֣ԪӤְɣ˵˵һ֡
˵֣֡ϵɵͷϾʲôڣһɵĶײβĴ֡СʿԣǼһ涼Ĵڡ
֣ϵԣҲĽ֮⡣
ֻǸֲڴţɽôôᵽɵǣȻʦ򿪴⡭
԰ѵһ˵ĸ֣ϵʱ˫۷ų黫Ĺâ
ô˵ǡһϵ˵һ˿ϸ΢Ӷд˲佫ͷͣס˫ϥһɣʱ͹ڵأҲͿͷǰǰС϶
ͻȻı仯ϵҲһͬʱͨһ¹ȥҪͷĲżһֱںСӶȻһͷɽס
šϵֻһ壬뻹û˿Ҫǻڿͷĵϵ˵ȴһ洫һڣϱһ͸һ˿аϢĺͻأվǰ
ô֪ҪȻͿʼߵݴˣһȻͨ٣ĿϵĶԻͬʱʱҲ࣬ųŻһ¡
ƽɵϵȻƿԣ֪ôֻ˳һ˵ͷһ
ϵһ̸ϺøкͶУ֮ǰ֮ԶֲΪԱָһȻȫʢʱǧ֮һԸϵȴȴɣҲöԸˡ
֮һȷ֪ǣԼˣҪһϺõĵطˡ⻰ϵȻȷ˲룬ȴһӽǰ뷨𣬱Ͼһ˿ϽԼ㣬Ǿ˵ԷŶԸ㡣
£ϵﻹ˿æһһ˲ҪŨǷ֮ӦϵһӻعʦѯĹ˵ҵ˵ʦ
ԭĽɵĹı񡯵ϵ£ˡʦ֣ǻϲĲˣٹʮա


ھ ֱɱ
һϵ֮󲻾ñмݹڰɽϣһͿѲʲôһ㡣գȴ޹շ׷Ͷ
һգΪףһʦǰٹĵգϵȥٹٴɻ
ϵΪԼҲͰˣܹ˽ʲôһŴƵ죬һ˵ǣʲôʲôˣʲô֮ࡣżչ¶һֵӵķҲٹס׷ŷѡ
ϵӦһλ룬ǡ͡Ĵ󷨡ڴ£ϵǴ˵ˣɷǵ¾ȻҲûɫðٹĳѡ
ڽβʱһ⴫ݹֱӷ˵ͷϣֳ˵İԵ
һŹʣεˣһмĿˣݵ˭ˣӳ𻰣
ɵӶ֪ߣҲǷ˿˵ˡҪˣĳ棬ҶĿڸ̨֮ϣǰһ̻ĭɽϵ
ԭˣǰ㾹Ȼǰӭӣ񼫣˰ҽʮǶϻޣ
һȣʿȻΪȴҲǱٹȺڣȻϵǿ˶٣ȴҲ׳꣬˳֣ӥ׽Сһ㽫ϵУָԳһ޾Ҫ
ǧ򲻸ãöԹӲ빫Ӽ£ֻǹǽˣ¹Ҫ·˰æ¾
ţͷЩ˼Ȼ֪ǰҪ£ãҼʮޣԱûһʮޣʲôζ
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Ȼһ㣬мһЦû뵽ƧôһСȻڲмأҵϢп֮¡һ̽˾ˣżѰ˵أôһСҲǱӵһֻԵο˾˵ˣҵⱲܹѽѵˣҪᵤǲܵ飬ˣ֮·Уɴ˼Ҳˬ졣ܹһƬС£ʱΪһˣǼ̳лλĿܾʹˡ
ƷƵʱϵ¶ԷھҪɱԼæڵ֪ҪʲôֻҪڱڣС϶һܰæġ
걻ϵͷ뵽ʱ򣬱ѹһðɣˣ㣬֮߰ǰһɽϱ֪
ϵ⻰ͷп࣬һǺɫҩƿһһ⵱Ҫ꣬νѾء
ôͷ㲻֪ôԴҧгݵʵ
С϶֪֪ϵվȻվһһ㡣
ã֪ͺãǱȥ˰ɣǾٸӽɣ
⣡ϵͷЦԼ˵ʲôõķǻҪｻó
ôϽߺߣǺãɣ
𣬱𣬹ϢŭС϶ֻⱦ̫޴ʦУλʦܿܣ빫Ʋǰȥϵæָʦķ
̫޴󣬺ߣãȻˣҾͿСͷЩʲô⡣߰ɣǰ·Ҫˣ˼һĭܰ
ŵĻϵͷѣȴǹ˳һͷżʦȥ
ʦһ˼򵥵ϵһ˺ƺĳһĵطȥ
һռʦԺľĵطһ˵ĵʱľĿϵȵӸˣٽｻô
ϵң㣬ǰţʱŸ֨һֻһӷ˳ɨһۣһЦҪҹɣɱˡ
СŹˣñȻӸŵˣһûеķˡָһȵɱ
ԼʿԣӦŵһͳȥ˳Ծǣո̤ʿͣ½Ų
ǡҪԵɣȴԭ׳ļʿȻһֿɼٶСһ˿˿Ѫ̴ϳһǺɫ̽Ʈɶȥȴһ˵ֱӳɱˡ


ھ 
ۼԼ»ƤݹǣȻңȹɱ˷ʽ;˱ܣͬŮӣĬĬһ¶׷üͷ
һŮӽָһħˣɵĵӣȻ컯֮ɱ¾֮£֪ⷽԲ֮ڶڵĵؽôͶڸһһɾ
ңһҲýԼݣοʱ׽壬һħϢﻹа֮˵ӡ
һЦֹ𷽲ԼŮǰȻˣӴʧһЩħȴŨΪֶֻа죬ͷһƾҪһϽһ
ߣħ˻ţžնɱۣѾﲻˡеҪ
˵䣬㽫ԼΪһ˳ֱ̧㳯һ˹ȥ
ýֱǰŪ
һһЦһǺɫ̽һͽ飬ٶȲֱӳɱȥ˲ϢֱӲԷţһ̼ͻһ̲Ƥҡ
Щ仯֮䣬ǺŮӸոնһ˿øУһ̾ͼʱһǿҵ֡
ǺŮӽһǰһ˫ذ׷ųͳһɱһ״һͬǽ̽һţֱն϶Է˫ذֱһֻú˿ڴܳŮֱѸٿήȥ
ŮƢ꣬ȴЩʶԼУæ˶βֱ֮ӽֱնϣȻѪֱ۵εȥ㱣סһ
ħͷ˱ŵӣšһŮӾŭӡ
һһһħͷе÷ˣһ˫۾ͬһ㿴ʱͽŵðѺĻ˻ȥ˼ʧĺ㡭Ҫ
һһѵɱңһҪϧ񲻳ɣߣɵħȭͷĲӣ֮ģ˵ɵ˵ϣȥҲ°ɡ
㣡Ůһ֮ûаԣһ㡯ְҲ˵ֻûץ赹ĺŮӣĶ̽æ𽣹ͷɶݶȥ
ȥһǴûзһ㣬˵һ䣺ʰɾͷҲصĳȥ
ϵǰһУͷٸнڵҲǷԲɵţиƣһӳǿһ뵽ԼġʦȻڣǱĶС
ϵ֪Լһֻһ·ȥֻܼϣһǿڶԸˣˣǷǵ鷳˴ˡ
һħɭɭıӰѾħɱ˲գ۵ļơĺѵͬʱֲԼλħʦүһҪ㹻ǿС
һصУϺðβŽɱ˶ǣħƽϢǰķ飬û˿˼ץ𷽲ɱ˵׽ǱٴοʼѪ֮ȡ
ʵɵƣȻҲնɱΣնɱͬɵˣٻһ㲻øоһΣնɱ꣬ɱŮŮӣһжǰ˳£ûаԥѹ
ֽм㣬һˣû֣ΪԱܹ˺ˣҪѸٽʮʱںƯɱ߶飬н𵤶ԪӤĴڣҲ˱仯Сʿ̫⡣
ЩԭҪȴʱϳħŽѰħ֮ҲܶʲôӰ졣޺׽ͬǱɱ¾Ű鱦佣֮ΪŰϢ֮һһʹѪ֮׽ϵһ𣬸Ӱĳ̶ȡ
ɷϹ֮ɷ֮ȵȹסǺ걾ԴͱѪħͷһĴڡˣ׽Ӱ£ԸҲǱĬܵЩӰ졣
ɱӹֻͬͬҪԷҪΣԼԼͿԲϰնɱһսǱ仯ıֻ֡ı仯Ǻûǻȴǲö֪ˡ
ʱһչ߽⽣֮йȥǵ죬յյʱͬըһͻأĳʦϿա
ͼվƶˣȻǰһһһŮӣ˵Ҳ֪ˡ
һŭĶ·ħˣɱ˱ŵӣٳͷ


ھ ųߵ
Σ˶ˣʳ֮䶼ֵĿϷˣʦУϵһ֮Уûһȱ㷢ŵҲһ
ʦܣ˲˰ɣûץסˣ»ʦֶ˵Ͳý֮һ΢΢һЦ
һܣˣҾͽһۡ˾ץʱȻǲҾɱɱò
⻰ڵŮüͷ΢壬Ҫ˵ʲôû˵ǺŮüֱҧгݵ˵ʦ˵öԣɱһҪɱɱǲͷ֮ޡ
ãʦֶ˵ĺãΪˣҾͺһɱ֣Ϊޣ
˵䣬˺ٺһЦ˫ָץһö񻷣һף㻯ϰöͷ­С񻷣̧һͬ׹أֱӳ·ȥ
̼䣬ټһʦҵǧٿףһȻԭʦ֮оū͵ˣʱ㱻˲١һʱ䣬ҽݺһƬ
ãҵĺãҵĺãлʦΪҳֻϣʦٽ׽նɱΪʦܱ𣡡ŮӺݺһЦԭԵŤ
ҪΪ˺ŮӵĻȻܾһڵķ򣬾Ȼֱȥһ⡣
˳Ծǣʦһ˾ųɶȫǲдĵطãΩһСԺӾȻһ㶼ûˡ
˿ߣҲҴ⣬׷׼Լƽ᲻õһ˳
С߽СԺʱ򣬸֨һŴһº۵һ˳Ҫɱң
оһϵħϢ಻ͬͷ󶨣һЦɱ㣬ߣҪǧУԼǿ
һԲŭЦָԶĵطõúܣҪҲҪЩˣ㻹Ұʮһʮˡ
ˣ֪ȻڳԣЩݽȣãܺãħҲ׽ȥֱɱ˱ˣ
ԼԣԷһһڱȳֽ̧֣׳öһȥͬʱᷨնɱȥգۼ䣬ɵľͱĨȥ񻷣գ۾Ҫɱһϡ
˶Ϊһһ²ҲҪ˵ʱԭվһȻʧԭء
ãͷһҪѰһڣһ˲䣬һ˿ģ΢΢һʹû֪ˡ
һ˱㻯ݹƤ̱һءһ׽һЦȻˣ׽׽ȻѪָҲãָԽǿȡٶԽ죬Ҳͺָ
գۼ䣬ɱ˵һɱͽ˺ͺŮԭءҪ֪ȻҲֻΪȴǰǳǿ˲֪٣ڵ֮жǿߣû뵽һգ۾һϣɲǲԾˡ
ûֵǻһӰʧ棬һ˲䣬һ󣬵ôǲҪɱô֣
ͷȥֳֶ̽һһɱ˲գ۵ħͷһ¾һȺڵŵɢɿ
ħͷҪʲôɱŵӣƲԹ־룬ǻȥҲлڹ֮ģһһ
Цɱڵӣ˵ɱ޹ǰɱ˴ˣڻҰʮһʮˣﻹ룬ȻȴԽϢ
ʲôħͷ󵨣λʦֵܣҪʲô壬ҡ
һɱʼû˵ڣɫܿҰȥΪģֻΪŲһںڵĶ̽ǱһѪ֮ʹĵ׽ǡ
ħͷײУɱ
˼״ﻹ֪һһ֣˳ֱһɱȥ
һƲƲ죬һ䡰һʱʧԭأһһҽдһ׽֮¡
նɱʿʣﻹеս׷׼ݹɢȥԡݡΪȻ˵ãֻǱһǲһء
̶̼Ⱥ׷ȥһĵ䣬ˣǺŮӺնڽ£Ůӵ˳ѡ
Ůѵķһ¶һ˿Цԭǰ˵ڵİʮ˵˵ֻʵҪɱȥȴֲܣԾʹһзųߵֶΡ


ھ 
ǰҰʦһüͷ΢壬ǰйĹؼʱ̣̳ʹЩֵ֮ܵˣͷ΢ЩΣᶨĵ㲻ʲôҰ
䵽ϣ㴫֮еϵ˳ȡЩͼҩǷȥҰϵŸ֮󣬱ͣĽ뷿пʼָ
ȻΪΪЩ˱˳ӿָٶȣ˷ųߵļƲߣȫʢʱڣǲԸ෬׼Ĵ̫󣬾Ͳ㣬ˡ
Ȼ֮һʮ˴ҴҸϵЩĶڣǿ߰˸ڣԲʿ
һûʲôϷ룬Ϊһ͵ǰһ֣һǰ첻ͬǣЩ֪һһͲú󷨽һħͷС
ֻǲ֪ǣ⡮ħͷԭϵΪǲ͵ѧӵ͡ǱѰʦǿһء
ЩΪԱĿܣõֶһһһ顣Ҳ֪ǲǲ˵еԵʣѰʮϰ궼һõĶܿͲ߰˰ˣϹشġԽǲԽ¡
̶̼գ֮롮ٶȴѰݣһĪ֮⣬ΪҲͬ˻һɿǡˮ׼Ѿӽʦ
ǻָȫʢʵҲ˵ֶΣƾ͡Ʒ󷨶һסˣʵǿĻƼһƷ󷨣Ҳɵòɡ
ֳ׽̤һ֮䣬ͬոֻһҽд㣬һֱΪֱ̫֮ӽ⿪ʱʣֻԭС롣
֪ǻСһʵֻΪʱһһ֪㲻ųҲиǰԸûڵ˼һʮ˵ڵһ⣬Ϊǰһɱ֮˵ᡣ
ɱ¾֮һµĻصУٴοʼָһΪû˱ţʮնûǰ
ȻûһҲֵһһµʱ෬ѰֶΣ׽һⲢõķҲһ׽ȡͬʱŽɶļ϶ĥ׽
һĥٶȹȻ̶࣬һµʱ䣬Ѿĥ˰ٷ֮һĽȻȫָʵܹٲѪ׽սˡ
ǽѪ׽ǿǿӣ಻ﵽˮ׼ָܹٴʹǽ˫ϲնɱ𵤳ڲڻ¡ǽʹù֮Լ˳߲εˮ׼ǻϲѡ
Щ⣬ָĵһ¾̽С׵ơõĽǣСȻ컯ҩʱΪס޺׽ɱһ飬궼նһ룬˵ǻţ˵ǻˡ
һͷǸΣˣʹ࣬ûڣӳһ˵ĸоͷģҪϧһд۶С׾Ȼ
ҪȻСףһҪǻָΪʵĥ׽һգڷĥʶһ߳Ϊǰˣһݹ⾹Ȼǵײײķ֪Ȼˡ
ΪԷһһҲٴڷ𽣹㳯ϷȥżŵݣȻ֮ǰųȥĳߣҲŮӡ
ŮŮӼһȻǵ£ҲƵıɵ·æǰ׷ɱǰ
һû뵽ȻʶţͨʱԵɣԭŮϢ׷ɱٶĿ죬ŮӺķԪɶݣûɵҪץס
ŮӣһҲ̸ϺøкͶУЩ˵Ϣȴע⣬ΪܵЩϢʱĵȻȻһĸо׷ԴȻԴȪо̨͵ҪԷơ
ף⵽ô£ɷȻ֪ʲô̶ȣƽͺ֣ûгֹҪŹԹħ֮пƣҲֻˡһҾȻоɱУɱ֮ĸо⵽ô¡
һ˼ʱŮѾɽҲ׷ŮǹԾһûж֣һлǰ㵽һȥˡ
˷ɽһŮǰ棬Ϊһ´һһСӣ̰£˱ܣ𣬺ڲ


ھ ֮
̣һüͷһڵʱ򣬶ţһ˴ɶ˽һ飬СһЩɶ֪֡ȴû˵̡ôһɡ
ʱһŮͻȻڵǰǺ˵Ǳŵӣ֪ôͻȻ˿Գʲô̵ӣĴɱӣ˹鸽һ߻ħħͷš
˵Լǰ⡮ǰҲһħͷʱĻ˻ȥСĹ۲һǷӣһɫû˿仯԰ġ
⻰һͷɻˣ߻ħ֪ġһ˲ӣʹ־壬صıħ壬÷跢񣬵û˵߻ħԴɣҪ˽
¸¡Ҷ࣬Ϊڻôһλʿ棬ʮʿǧͽͽշˣʦ𻨾ӶȻѾݷ֮£Ϊһʿ㻹αڤ粻飬Ҫ翹أ
ϵΨһĽɣһУͬ٣ڶΪ̵һ֣һССӣпɣҵȲץȥɱ˾ǡʱ㻹鸽Ǹעʱ
һ½Ҷɨһ飬ͿνĹעôһˡ
˵˲ܻŮ֮£ҶǴ֮⻰Էʱһǵ糺죬ָŭȵʲộȫħɣܹ鸽ʦ𻨾Ҳ鸽ġЩͽȵʦ٣һǾն
Ҷ࡮̣ʱͬɱĸһ㣬ޱŭ⣬׷ŭ±̣Ҫɱ̣ɱɱɱһԹŮһɱˣ
ͬ˷ħһٲʲôעո־ͳһҶɱ˹
ҶȻӲȴ֪˵һ˫ˮĴ۾εĿһһ˿ûиоһ㣬ֻһ߾ͳӭȥ
ʵ㲻ڵˮ׼ֻԵһһ棬һͱһض
ųؿڣǵû˿ӣǷЦɱңҲ֮ûһΣҶøǿ󣬵ʱٽʬΣ
ȻǽԷţȻһѪûյһ˿֮
ʲôǺ弶̫Ӷǽ£ƷԲȻܶԸһССϲ£ѵʲôڻɣ
ɻɻһ˲ͻعһЦĿŶԷΪһˣĻ̫ˣ
˵䣬ǽջأ׽ǳʣһۣ㻯׽ڡһ׽ֹȻͬǵѪ˿׽֮µ׷ױѿֻһɹѪ׽ǣѪ˿׷û뽣СƬ̣˱ǿ׳ʱίȥ
ֱʱƺŸоԾ־ĺⲻܣ㵽õʲôֶΣȻȡҵѪ⣬ҵѪӣӳܱ֮ģ
֮ߣʲô񣬽춼Ȳˣһһȡһ˿׽͵һߣ׽ǣ˲ͽԷ˿տӡͬʱҲһ˿ʶ̽Էڣڵİڡ
ԭ̾һɷħ˵ǼǴӵ伮֮϶ûжƵؾνġ֮ˡ
֮˵죬ԭƺԣͬһǼڡڼ֮Ȼܹͨת;ϵĸӣͬʱṩµʹá
ǰ֮ԲɱΪѾһӵ磬ԭ޳ɵ궼ռݣֵİ֮СǽȻСɱ¾ġϾֻݳƣܵԭϬá
Ψ޺׽׽쳣ܹһٴķԷӱռ״̬ȡֻ⡮ȡĴۣȴҲҪˡ
޺׽ܿͽ˵ոɾڿʼֱǹʱϰԭ׽ȥʱǹǵˣתҪռ׽˳Ծǣɱ¾׽ȻĿʼռ


ھ ֮
һͷ𾪾Ͳˡʱ˼ͬ鱻ɱʱ˫ͨ죬׼ɱҶɱһ¾Ȼͬʱĳһɱ
һȻͷ֮Ĺ죬ɱȴǲʮУ㽫նڽ£ҳͱյĿģͬ׽նɱȻҲ֮ͬ޶żЩ׽
ʮһ;ȵķ֣̽ϵ׽ȻʴɣʴĽͬҲǹԸԭĽһⱾͲĽǷɿıʴ
ж̽һоâһ̾ù죬ðԵȻܹ׽Դʱ˵ʺϲˣڣһܹӿĥġֻ㡮̻˵ûɡǰžܻŽǡûпƵֶΣĹ죬˵ҲҪʲôͽǡܿ
һͷתʱ뵽˺ЩҲһսսҶ࣬תͷطпʼ
֮󣬷Ŵ򿪣һ˳ʱϵĺɫȻǳ֣Ȼ׽˴롣
ҽŮӴһ̺һԵһϵԸһ䣬СԺеͤ¡
Ƭʱ䣬Ҷͱϵһϵ֮ȴҲҶ࣬ȡһ
ҶʱǾĿףһطţһȴǲǣʱȲסţͨһȥ
һͣ¾Ʊ˵ɵӣΪιħͷѵҪͶħŲɣ
Ҷһ㶣һնɱڶͬţ˿ǳƺټϷħ˸ǲ졣һд䣬ܻطţһ뵽ĲˣȻһɶȻõһ
һ֮ĹϵЩ˵ˣһһʣʱסһǷҪͶħţæҡͷɵӣͶħš
ȻҪͶħţѰ
ҡңǰҷţҶ˰βű仰
ţһһЦǿɵɣȥͶѰ·
Ҷɫһ࣬ҡҡͷĵ˵Żھͺˣ
һȻЩԹҪɱ˶ԷߣվɵӣһɵɵĴҲЩġ
ʲô˵
ҶԱ࣬һѯʣҲ㽫Լ֪ڷ˵˳
ԭҶ౾ǻصŰȱģû뵽ڶ˾һ£ԳٳûеõϢԥǷҪ𵤼ʦʱȻһȺԳơ̡Ҫڹ鸽
Լ೤ȻӦԷ˫ƾУʱƣһȻвٵӳϾȻ׷׵꣬Ͷ¡Щ˵İ̺ܿռϷ磬һ֮бԷĴʿˡ
Ӧǡ֮ѡҲû׼೤ϵڻ£һȺͨܵ˳ֻܵͬͨѵĳ֪һЩڳ׷ɱոЩӡ
Ҷһӻס˵Σڻڲڣⶼ˵ˡ
˵һУҶһĿһһʱȴ顣ΣĿҶһۣҿԴȥһеҵģͲٹҵˡ
⻰ҶתΪϲæͷǡ֮󣬶һǰһ󣬼Ԧݹ⳯ڷȥһ˲һʱĵط
Ƶɽ룬Ҷһصص˵ͷȡһöָһ򣬶˱㳯ɽзȥ
֮еؽƣ󷨣ڼڵڡʱ˿ûҶ˵˥ݹⲻϣһٵӡ
Ҷ಻ȵΪԼ֮ǰľΡһȴôζһǱʮأʱѲߵ߹
ЩѲߵӣһûҶع֣һ˿ʱǾ֮УҪǽסֵǣֶαǶԸ𵤸ֶһЧԸЩֻбٹΪѲߵӾȻûá
һһԳ֣ɫ޺׽⼸նɱҶͳɶݣͬʱѾˣ


ھ ׽һʯ
ѾˣҶ⻰ͬʧһ㣬ͷŰβ֪ʲôͱһߣתʱ򣬲ŷԼѾһɽ֮С
һڵأһ󷨾һץǺɫ̽һ£Ȼ̽Լ֮УһĻʱҶ࡮ѽһг
ֵǣһ¼ûƤѣҲûѪֻһһؿϵ˿ڴȥһӾûС
Ƭ֮ؿڴԭĺɫȻɫ棬ʮϢ֮лСһ顣֮ƺǿƻһ㣬Ҫһͷȥ
̫飬һ£
һһһ÷Գ׺ɷɫ⻪ɫ⻪һ۳һ۵ķģͱ㳯ؿԵȥ
ĵУԭҪͷȥԶʱСסԶʱ÷ͻײײöϧվײȥֻ
óɹסԣһǹһ˿Ц⣬һģסԵķһſڱ˽ȥ
һУһɵĺһһ֮ЩȵҺüյĿ๤ˣܹҵһ֮²һ£Ҿָܻˣ
ԭ֮ǰһõ֮󣬾뵽Զİ취֮׽һЩ֮ҵôһʹ֮׽Ԫɷŷɷħӡӡֶ֮Ρ
ֶο򵥣ȴޱȵգ׽ɣ֮ߣ㲻ҪҲء
еȻ̶ܹʱ֮һЩ˵ķԼڵеĸ֮¾Ȼ֮ܿԲĳɹ
ɹʹֶܹ֮ĥ׽ܹ֮׳Լνһʯһ˫ĺ¡ҲôԸͬҶðڵڡ
һ飬Ҷڵ飬æҪѯʣȴһֵ̧һ
֪ҪʲôˣȻһ֪ʲôǷ˲д棬ڵפѾʧЩҺоһ̲һɡ˵ɣ˵һļ棬ǵ֮ԶһĹ죬ֻҪմȾһ㣬ͻᱻӰ죬ģ˲֮˼ҲᱻƣҲͻȻͽԭˡ
⻰ҶȻѾŲһŵĽٴεõȷϣȴҲɵþһίȥ˵̵Ĺ죬͵̧ͷһ˫΢۾һǣʦǡȻ˹죬ô᲻Ӱأ
Ȼ⻰Ѿʼأһ֪Էڵ飬ҲŭֻҲֻͣ˵һ䣺ҲͬٴεڵתԪɷ֮ɵ׽λøϡ
ڶգԭʮһСɽϳһһӰһҶˡ
һ΢üͷҶһ۵Ѿ˳ŵ͵ѾͶԵҲȥʱߣѵҪɣ
ҶᶨҡҡͷҲߣֻҪҲھû
һû뵽Ѿͷģɵһ˿øУδȴҲסֻúһߣȻˣصҹҵĶľţʹ˱ҲҪˡ
˭֪Ҷٴҡͷǰһԡ⼸յ飬ѾǰȻΪħΪ˲аħǰЩӵĹڣȴдǵĴֻɵ㣬ǰԭ¡ؽǰҪɱ̵ӻ֮ɡֻΧĵӲСආǰ˵ûôֻҪǰӦ࣬ҾָܵǰصأʱɱЩˣ֮Ҳ˲١
һ벻ζ׿⻰ʱ˼
ʵȻսʿڣǣһȫǾĸ֣𵤣ԪӤ֣ҪҲɱ֮󣬼̶ߵԭ
ͨܵصͬȫĽȥɱ˾ߣʱ˵ø˷֣һҪĴ֮ȫˡ
׷һ֮һɫһͲұ˵ô
Ҷ౻һָֻҡͷǰǲӦ಻һˣ
Ҷһյ˵ͷãҴӦ㣡
áӦ֣Ҷжʱָɣллǰȫ


ھ 𵤺
صأʦϣӰͻأĳڴ䡣һҶࡣԭڿʦĵطȻһ۵񣬲˵һ̵ˡ
Ҷ࿴ҧ޵ȭͷҪ飬ջǷ£֪ԼЩǲܰ쵽ġ
ǰʦԭǱ೤ϵĵʦ𻨾ӵĵΧһƬطҲȽϤֻǲ֪аռ˱פ֮ǷĶǰʱ׼֡
һ˵ͷһ֣׽֣һʱս׼Ҷ೯ʦȥ
ʦ⣬ö˳Ծǣ濴ʮܵפأﾹȻһˣտյפؼһǡ
ôȻһ˶ûУҶϤĵطȻɵЩԾ
سԾ̾һа̣й̫ǲ֪ģһ㣬ǻһڵڣɱ𵤼ģָܻһʱܶ鶼ðˣ
⻰Ҷ΢֪һ³˼һȻô˵Ǿͱǵԣ֧ͷһ˿м֮⣬Ҷ˵ͷһһȥ
һԭһϵסΧҲвٽֹֻЩѵõһֶΡҲƻЩƣҶ̤࣬һ˲Ͳ֪̤ٲת۱ԺС
һԺЩԵĵûʲôһѭһ˿ϢѰȥһ䷿ҵԴȪڡ
ͨԼ֮һڷһһ۵ʱ̨΢΢һһ£һȷ̵Ľͽ
ãǽ𵤼ĸ֣
һ·𿴵ĲǸ֣һ̴һԳϲ֮ɫڰҶȥ֮һʹ뷿С
𵤲ǽ𵤣ԭ֮˴ֱʮ֮ķ˳
Ѱ֪֮ԣҪæܣһͬϵǿ֮ǵܣ⣬ԪɷųһʣֱӰ֮ȥ
𵤸ֱΪԼҪɻʤһĻʱˣѾΨһᣬûԾһâֱǶֱ̽üġ
޵УȻһüģһѪⶼת֮Ȼûе
ߣҲ޵УȴҪһһЦ̧־һ׽ע̽Уʱܴû𵤸˵ڶ仰һѪ⾫ȡָͷһ̽ᡣ
ڵ֮ȻͬԽǿԽãҽһһЦ̽ٴβ嵽ؿڣٴοʼ֮
֮һһ֮ϵ׽Ȼ˽һɣĵԭǿԪص֮С˷ܵЦãܺãһ𵤼֮ãɱɱʮҾȫָˣ
һ̶̰վҶȻ㵣ȴҲϲΪһʵԽǿҪɹԽ
Ȼնûһȴ׼ȶһŶ֡ڶ˲ԺӣһĿ걼ȥ
һʱ䣬һϾסڶһ飬նɱʮ𵤼ڡЩ֮ϵ׽˾ųɡʣµһɣǵܳΪ谭ֱӱýɷɣȻݻħŽɱ¾롣
ȫˣ
һĵһ¾Ԫɷ֮Լŷϴˢһ飬ʱ׽֮ϸ֦ĩҲĹУԭеɬѸ»ָͨȫ˳С
һʧõĴ֮һоԼڵľһ㡣ʱо֮΢΢һһ˿ӿͷһǹһ˿˵ǻϲǿЦı顣
ѵÿζҪƲô
һڣҫ׶ɫ⻪͵һſڣ׶ɫһ˳ɵͷϡ
𵤾Ȼͬһ㡮ͨͨĲÿһβ𵤶Ǵһ֣һ£Żͣʱԭͷ­СĽ𵤾ȻСϷ̶ȶֹ
Լͷ˶Ľ𵤣һ΢΢һЦԭΪ򣬻ԪĻ۶糬׼ЩӵĥԼ֮ǽĵ̺ݺݵһ۷壬ȥ׽һ̣˳µĽ˽𵤺ڡ
ΪĻ̫ǿ𵤺ڣֻһ߾ܴﵽ𵤴Բųư벽˵ľ硣


ھһ Ӫж
˳磬ʦӣѰæΨңǳڣǳ𵤺ڶԼƴ
һνͬ˱һЩЦãһѰ˾츳Ҫ𵤳ڴﵽ𵤺Ҫɣһֻʮ겻ʱ䣬ٶԹҲֻȥˡ
ν췢ɱޣطɱ½˷ɱطʮٽȻ뷢ɱħսǺң̣һ׮׮һƺԤףԤʾŴٽǲܾǿʵҲֻڻңΪΪ˵汳ĴڡһȴǲˡοʱұԼ£С׵ĻָҪƷҩƷĲԼƻƣǼ򵥵飬ҪĶ㹻ʵΪ˴ﵽЩĿģǶһЩΣգҲֵõˡ
ͨ˽ڣһſһ㽫ջڡ𵤹ΪǿԪɷ֮ͬʱȫЩٻħ˲Ĩȥһٴλָɵ
һλָɵȴ֮ǰвֻͬǲ֪Ǿĥԭ򣬻Щӱ׽Ӱ죬֮ǰýݣǾһʵıȻ֮Ҳ᳤ʣ⡣
Ȼһȴʱ̱¶棬â¶ıʱһ˫У棬һп֮ˣ¶᷸Ϣһ֮УȻնɱ
ֱ仯һҲԼоֻûоʲôԾͷǳ֮⣬ƺıġ
˺գһȫȫĹΪ¾ֶΣֱգų˷
ҶȴһԼÿҪЩ̽ڵģһûг֣Щֻ֣ǿĽƻڣȷϲ̷ǣɱڲģҹ
һţҶ㳯ȥȻһħպͺΪ˼ħͷݰȥáű䡯̤͡ѩ޺ۡŪġֻǼͨҲһģһ˲Ҷע⡣
ǰ֪졭
û꣬һ˰ֵ㲻ˣЩʱգҪĶѾõˣˣڵĶԹҲ˽ˣԼҪֻҪܼҾǣ
ҶҪľ仰û뵽ô͵õĵϲöʱɻɢ˼л֮ŽԼ뷨˵˳
һ֮󣬲ûзԣֻǵѯ˼⡣Ҷཹĵȴ֮Уڸ˿϶Ĵ𸴡
лǰǴ³ɹڽԶǰ£㲻ɹҲԶǰ¡
Щ滰Ҳض˵ҷħʲô¶ûУֻҵõҪģٳְˣйҽˮˮ߸·ˣȻƻˣϿ·
Ҷһ䵭Ҳûа취˵ͷһԺӣһȥ
һ·ϳѲߵˣûаӰ˲ûб¶ںһƬɽǰ
ǰϻǱŹѺһЩ˵˵ĵطر֮ǱѺȻˡԭҶһ鲻ǱģҪڲд˶ȳ
һ˿·£˵ͷһ߰ɡ־һ⣬Ҷ೯·ȥ
ܿ죬˱䵽µף˴ɭɭ͸ЩħڵħЩơֻħħĵɷħ˴ǹѺħħһ죬һߺ죬ȴǲͬնġ
ħķΧ£ҶΪǴ˶þͻᱻʴһסȻû¡
ҶԼһһؽƺ󷨣ʮ֮󣬲һڡ
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Ҷ಻֪ôͣϾֻ֪һССӣ֪ĶǺܶࡣڶʮʱһҽͻȻ𣬼̶ý
ʦǹȻ棡Ҷ¶ϲ֮ɫ˲һڻסһͷͳȥ
һܵ˵ʮڣΪļʮϻ٣лŮʿЩ˿ΪǱ߲עҲ
Ҷ࿴һŮӣʱһʦȥŮʦ𣬻ӡ


ھ߶ նɱ
һʱ˵עη֮еĻԼһڽ𵤳Ϸ׷׳Ѿ
ӼԼҵһ˿ϲɫæʵ࣬ô㲻ӳȥôΪʲôҪ
ҶԼʦ𣬲ɵһ㶣Щӵ˵Ҹ֪ԼļƻȴһЦԱߴ
û뵽ڵȻԼ˾ˣǱʱˣ
ȥֻһͷףɫӣһ߰ɿݵʬ
ʦ壡Ҷһ۾ͿǱŵĸɿʬǰһҽеˡ
Цһ˦Ǳɵʬ壬СССΪʲʿ͸ѡһǹ鸽̣պ˵һ翹ףʿľʱ͸ǿĳͷһΪһ̲ࡣ
оԷ籡ŨƣҶԼȻһıľ֮ˡ
ҶͽܣҾ͸ƴӼԼͽܾҪѣ֮Ҳæ
ٺ٣ӣ״ѱģҳҲϲִݻˡӻûԴϹ˳ҲԽոʱǹԹԵĳΪҳϵĽڣαô˵ĹЦ
ˣˣһԨΪʲôҪаΣڣѵĶ˲ɣһ׷ԲԵĳڿȥˣŭһֻЩ죬ȴϡ
ȴǲŭЦϼһǴʿвףֻ׼һ𵤳ڵļһͳ˱ʿΪĿʲô£ʲôֻҪҸˣܹΪһĴڣĵСҪж١㣬ҲˣЩаħãжԼ֪úһ룬鸽̣Ҳ֮ƽ𵤣ɾԪӤң꣬ǺֶΪأ
⻰ԭΪѵĳϸһֻŭ˵ЩԼ죬Ϊ߳һȼѿ
һڳϻŭ𣬻ǰ̾ΪҶҲҪⶾֵʱһߴ洫
ΪѾɱˣû뵽ﻹһһȻٱҪ֮ʧΪСˣΪɣ
ţ˭ʿҪ
ŭһ̧һӣֻħצץȥͼһɫǻԴһͽ˫ħצնͬʱһƬɷ׽ǻ£ŲƵħצһȻֱûȥ
ţһĻ۳ڳ϶ʮֳԾǶ֪֮а죬ûܹ
Ȼֻн𵤳ˮ׼֮аȴսڣһ֮ȻƣûˣһߺݣһߴųһҪȥ
ߣʲôˣûʸ֪ˣҲô֪ͨԻǰȥһġ
һ䣬ֻǵɫǻѸײڶٶȳɱֵһ£ûü֣ͱǻԾһҽжûзʧ
һĻгϳԾͶҶǵȣϲĳȥһݵлǰȣǰסȳųϡ
֮֮߳һº۵ӣһ˿ܵʮڳϣҲ˵ʲô̧һӣһ󶣵죬ԭڶ೤ϵļΣնϡ
ʱڶڳϲŻعԼѾȫ޷򿪵Ȼһն飬ͷȻмȴҲЩ˵øо
лѾ֮ЩȻһɵ֮ˣȻ˴ǰҶԭԳҶʦ𣬻ӡ
һѾЩʯĳϰݵľħˣûϧ˼һħͬ·ûж£ֻǽװˡ
һھͳһŸЩƽڳͷʱһһʵȻ²һܹ֮նɱΪֶΣ𵤺ڵʵȷʵ˶ߣȻȴҲõ
浱סǻӼһ˿ЦݣȻˣӪ֮µҲˣ飬ԼˣҵѾʹ˱ɣ˵꣬ǼһɫҲᣬһͦأȥ


ھ 󴫽ʿ
һڳϵһһЦȲֹҲǰæҶһһվԭأһʱȴǲ֪ø˭գһǸĿһһۣתԼʦȥ
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˵һָȫΪҲʹ׽ʹǽĵһˡǽΪܴ֮֮һһ׽Ϊ£Ϊ˽˫޵һˣǽȻҲܵôȻûͻƷƣӲ٣µͼһƷɽһܡ
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һ֮Ǽѹ֮죬ԭ棬ֱǼ棬ȵΪﵽϣԪܹãȻԶǡ֮ÿһ֮ΪһĴڣԺ϶ΪһҲԸΪһһ㣬ܹ˲佫Ϊ𵤵ʿǿжȻɽͽһ㾹ȻŹЩֻǷŹԵȴ˱ˣո֮󣬳仯У˷𣬿ǿΪղǸ֮Դͷ°ˣõǣ֮ȴҲܣ֮ϵʿԪɺһĴڣͬԼôױʴֻҪԼҲҪʮûΣ
˵һһ٣ǹһ˿΢ЦҲҳˣ
ȻϢʱ䣬һŭ洫
ѵǷ˲ɣΪʲôҵȳ֣ѵԼ˭ô
ˣǧҪԻ󣬱ֱģԪһһܹȥģ
ҪˣڵҲͶа̣ڿˣ
źԽԽϸһ澹Ȼһ˵Ұŭ𣬲˵˷񲷢ˡ
˲ãһӰֳа˾ŸνȥĳϣҶһֵĸڻǺֵľȻһͷɢ״ӡ
Ϊǽ𵤺ڳϼ˵ԭأһһЩ̣һָŭٲס֣Ƿˣ
ֻλشǣֻǿХų˹
λϣаֶΣȻǲִУٽݻʧȥΪԱǧҪ֡
⻰һعȻԸ֮ǷҵĴʱȴò֡һվţʱͽǡݻ󡯸
˵˾ΪβĽʿ󷨣ҪסԪӤǺѵ顣һȻֻ֪ʹɱԸ⾫ɹȴǲ㣬һӱУ
ڳѹʱΪ׸ҶԹԵµķһķ
Ҷڳ϶ȫĲ󣬱С崫һǰǰ飬ʦͳǸ
һȴδţһ˫۾֮е˵ԪӤֵĵֿӦøǿǣΪʲôӰ졣
Ҷһ֪Լ˵ʲôҲûУֻ̾һϸϵ
ȴ˵ǵסǽѹøõø㣬Ƭ̣ѾԼмѹסļ
ʱһϷ¶һ˿أ̧һӣһԵҶǰһɳƵЦͬħʱڳȣ˲ңһҴ˳
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ˣˣ
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⻰λɫЩѿҲ˵ʲôϾûʱ佫ߣھ͵ʧȥϣˣһˮȥĺá
ֻһڻӵĻǲǣһЦĿżǵȴʲô˳֡
ֻһЦȻûǰȴ˸оûšǸɬеߣ˭Ҳߣ˭Ҳ߲ˣҴűʿ̣ǶﲻˡǲϹ鸽Ƕȥɣ


ھ 
صĽŲ̴ʿڳ֣ȴһȫںɫµĿӣԼԳòȴЩ
˵ǱʿĽЩ˱ԡ˵£˵Ĵ죬ӱʿָǷǵӣɱ̽ʿӱʿ̡Ƕﲻˡˣʿһǣǹ鸽̣
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ˣҸƴݻ󣬴ҷͬھ
һŭλͷһ˾ΪʿȻȴԸͶʱͷòʹİ취æŤתΣٴվţǴʿΧ롣һӱը֮ƺһС
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ڶʿ
˶ɻνʱԭͣһԣ״ŭһͳľ˹ȥ

һλҲһºĳͬھǷ֮ﻹϵǣڳ˼һҵ˲䣬󷨼϶֮䣬̧־ʮǿųֱӽ͵󷨴ɢٳڳǣ޷ʱ˶ȥһһƣ׷״ſڵϡ
ڳϱڵأһŸڴʿԵɫʱһ㣬ǻ󷨺Ա϶Էһȴɱ첻ˡ
ʿȽոȻõѡֻҲƢǱнһ֮ҲոˣȻɥʧΪҲǲãһ˲ǾǵһˣǵһѪɫٹɣ
˵ٹ⣬ʿԳ֮ɫЦű㳯ڳ˹ȥ
һֱվһԽſŵҶ̲סˣͨһһǰǰ㣬ʦǰɣֻҪǰǣԸţǰʹ
һҲʯĳˣȻϲڳϵİͬɵҲ֣ܲһʲôٹ⣬װŪаֶǣҲа񡣡
šʲôˣǴ治ãããȻҪʿ͸ҫڶʿɱ
ȻٴŭһҲƵĳһɱ˹
һȻһʹɣһ˵ţһ֣˽һһӭɱ˹ȥ
˶ΪһǴʿҲĿţǾĳͷһġ񡯡ڶ˼ӽ˲䣬ʿɫ͵һ䣬Ϊоһ֮оȻ͸һ˿ԵֵϢ
˲䣬ײһ𣬱һը֮ڽ֮У˵Ľ֡Ǽɣһѹס
ôܣֻǽΪ
ɻͬʱͷǿһһУȻǾ͸òԾˡ
㵽ǺηˣΪαװ̺£ʿסˡ
һĿǴʿһۣ˵ʲôˣҾ˵ħͷ˵شұسаа̾һεаˣһаһħˮˮеҲɵЩһ̵̫Դ󣬸ΨһñߣԽǵ鷳
̴ʿԪӤĴڣƽܵڵĳ羴̣ȴһһһаһһĳƺʱףŭֻһֳΪǽ𵤼𣬵¶ʵȴӽɲǱʵŵȴԸԳ֡
Ƭ֮󣬴ʿ˰취¸һЦ˫״Ͽһ٣һԸ


ھ ̣ţ
Ŵʿһȣƾһɫ֮Щһ־ͳȥԭΪһѹŴ򣬱ŭЩ֮ʱ˷ܵĿͬʱķȻҲȻһ
ʲôаֶΣ
һ״ҲɻȻо⡮֮Ϊ˲ԣȴûƾȡ֮ǿԼֶΡ
ֻһһ٣ҽ֮ʵٴδȫܹѹԪӤڣԪӤڶܣӵһȻԾȴҲ⡣һԪͽɷһ֣ٴνѹȥ
ʱһӴʿдɤе˭˭ɱȫʿҴдоӢ˭ҽȫɱˣһҪ𣡡
ŭյĴʿ͵ʲôתͷָһ㣬һ㣬ֻɱôʿ
һöԷ⻰ʱЩ֮ȻƾյǴʱԴʿ費ЩɱĽʿ֪ЩѾˡ
⡮Сһǹϲ䣬һЦɱġ
õһȷϣʿʱŭգ㣬㣬㣬ˣˣ죬Ҵ񣬴̣Ҫ˷ֱ㣬㳢ʹࡣ
ڴʿıףһмһЦ֮ҲܣתͷͳɱȥɱǿǱʿҲ̲ס֣˫ƾһץȻھ޸ͷͳһɱ
ǰСģҶ״һ
ߣ˵Ĺ󣬲С˰ˣҸĽѵ
ʯ֮䣬һһٷʿһǽһ˼ĽǶ֮󣬽ֱһ˫師棬ֻ죬Ƿ˶ôʿȻԸٶȱȥ
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һ˵ţһһգۼ׷ǻڰյĴʿ
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һβһȴû˿ãһ˫󸫻ûȷ㱻һϷһɫֱӸסһ˿Ƭ֮󣬱ҲԹԵȥˡ
ʲֶδֲڣϡǻɣ
һЦһ͵עһԪ̧Ըǿٶ˻ȥڽӽʿʱһ԰師Ȼըһɳ֮˹ȥʱôֲ
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ܻųȥ˵ɣһˣ̧ǽһĨһ㣬һͽʿ˶С
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һһЦҲϻ󶯽ҽ˲飬һһǧ󣬻ͻʹֳʿֻǴʱĴʿûǰغͷƤ⿪ѪǱѡ
ǶŵĳϣκѪ
ˤڵصڴϿĿԵĴʿʱϳ˶Է˾ȻǾʮ֮һɡšĳϡ
ΪɣΪԭ򣬿ħƽ䲻˵ƻ£ҲûײɱļҲˣҲǶΨһĺֺ֮ʱҲǰȥ
ҲˣϲżԷֻǰŶ񣬴ûϳһȴǿԷ
㶾ŴˮˮΪ㶾Ҫٽʲôڣ⵽Ϊʲôͷʱ˵ı
˭֪κѪڽ֮һһ߷еʲôţͲˡڵֻ̣Ψһ񡭡ûֵܹٹ⣬Ϊڤ粻飬Ը鸽ֻǿһȡġ
⻰ԭΪץסҪڳϲɵٴˡˣһȴûΣ֪ţ֪ͬǲ֮Ķ
˼һתһȵ¶һ㱻ʴˣκѪͶ̵һԱˡ


ھ նɱʿ
κѪڽ֮Уֻ⡮һ򷨡Ƕ⽣ֱͨˡ޽򽣡һʹŪƫˣ벽
ʵŹ֮ƾʵͻ顣ֻǼˣҲеЩˡΪģֻΪƽܹʴһе֮һĽ⽣Ȼ㲻ʴԼзɵļ
ģ㵽ʲôˣʲôޣΪʲôҪң
˵ԩ޳Ҫ˵ԭǾ㾹Ȼһҿ˳۰ˣ
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һơֳڣǰһɶͣ͵ٴοХһһɱ˹
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ҮʶͨΪڣȻûоҲԳͬһʶͨжһ֪κѪƣһȻа취
ͼһһĳնȥڿҪӽ˲䣬ԭͼٶȾȻ͵һһӰʮɵľѾʧһ˲䣬һĳѾֵĺϡ
ô⵽ʲôٶȣôô죡ˣٿҲøκѪæһŭҲƵĴеڶʿħ壬ԪӤԱ
ߣҪԱȹһذɣһͻأĳκѪͬʱһӰͳ
ʲô㣬㲻ڡκѪæȥһģɢӰӣﻹһĺۼ
ɣ
һһЦڽ֮У̤ȣûκѪعѾĲӡ
㲻ɱҵģκѪͷһ˿
ܲɱ㣬Ҫɱ˲֪
һ䣬ڡһǽӶһŴõ׵׷ɣκѪ˭ˡ
ΪԪӤ֣֮ͷ­䣬Ҳû׷ɵͷ­ϣһ˫۾ɵ˶󣬷Ľеôܣ֮壬ôܻᱻɱɱңһظģҸһ㱨Ϊҵϡ
ķϻ̫ˣҾͳ׵ɱ㣬ټҵҪǲܹȻ㣡
һָһ㣬ŨĽɷ֮籡κѪʬͷ­һһʣʱеļг־ʧ֮ͬʱʧĻѪ⣬ֻʣһŨ֮
һ֮һʱնɱ𵤼øŨƺÿһ֮Ϊܹ׳һ㡣
һͷһ㣬Ծķ֣ɢ䵽䣬ߣǷ׵޽Ӵˣͻɢͽ
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˵䣬һһſڣɫԪһɫ֮סͳȥȥˡ
һĻڳ˶ٴξȵ˵Ǽ̫ˣĽԭ͵񾭳Щľˡ
⵽ʲôˣܹа̳֮ȥ
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ΪκѪԭصһ˵һȻ䵽ȾأҲǿˣҾͰ˰ɣ
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⻰϶²Ϊֻ÷׷ױͷȥ뿴һһ״Ҳֽ̧ᣬһ⽣ֱŶȥ


ھ ˣ綷
֮ʦϣдľλԼ֮ǰѵʮϵĹѾƵʦ񣬶һһվԱߡ
ԭһͬЩ֣ռڵһͽն˵֣ͬӵ֮ĽͽռƣڳΪ𵤸֣ԸЩڣٹڵĽͽȻЩȴҲնɾ
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ʶһЩԭʮĳ϶һ˵˵С
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̾˿ͨʵǿֵܹа̸֣վ˫ȭ֣һͬȥһЩͬһһͬаΡ
˵һ֪ԼӦñ̬ˡȻ˵𵤺֮ʵıȴҲԼԪӤܹһսսʤӵڷֻ·һ
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⣡һͣЦҡҡͷ
ȻˣǺʲôأԹˣûʲôôǶѴ࣬Щȥ
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һȥлϲ֮ʧ֮Ҷ˶ܿæӵȥˡҶһ˴Ŀһȥķһ˫ֽգ֪ͷЩʲô
ͷȴ˵һڣٷ˽ǧ˸طͣȻ˵Ҫȥ̣֪̽һפؾԭڡֻܴͬк弶פأԱҲǰȥ
ڽԲıԵõѡȻǳԳԲʵﵽǿȡ̽顣Ҽ㲻ܹɹֶ׼ɱﵺͱֶҲǲܵġ
͵һƬɽ£һѨһ붴Ѩ֮б㿪ʼ׼ҪȻЩӵõ֮ԳԲ
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ֹ˰ʱ䣬һöӤһö֮ԸԳĿ𵤴ԲΪ벽˵Ĵڡ֮еתĽǷŵֱӻữ󣬶ϷܲԶγ󷨣ƣΪһڡ
ǳ޳Ľ𵤣ﻹƵסǿ·ǵõƶɡ
һȴͬһϹʱǶзţһŽޣͬĴڣһ˿һƿ֮Уղס
һֱʹ̫ϵشġ࡯ҩǰȻҲǿȣȴԣԽ棬ԽһֲѹһƬˣʱǿǿĳɣɸ԰ٱƣȻܹ֤ˡ
ŵ֮Ƕ𵤣һԼյõĽǣڵԪԣѰԪӤڸ֡ͬʱʵҲˮǴߣȻк֣ԪӤ棬ǺڻԪӤԲвܵʵ


ھ߰ Ӥн
߸óһ鵤ӤǳɹˣΪԪӤˣʵȻҲ͸Ӱȫˣ
ԪӤˡĸֵջǶһҲǲСͷһҲһֶƲסĳ嶯ڲ𵤣׼Եʱͷһһ𣬶ʱľ֮оѹ
ףղôô嶯ȻոսԲ볢ԪӤ鵤ӤҪһһʧܣǵˣʹһγѣʧɵӰҲӰ첻СóóȻɹҲͰˣʧܣ֪ʲô²ٴγԣʱһһгɿ̸ôѵѵ߻ħ˲ɣ
뵽һųһ亹ϸϸ˼ͷһ飬ڵ֮Уһһϴˢ
ҳԭȴһʱ侭˴䣬ˮĸ֮֮ٵڣһۺһ·裬ѹ˼ʱ
֪ʲôԭ򣬾Բʱ򣬾ȻһͷħֻҺħǿ󣬸ոҪһħͱ𣬲Ҽ𹦷Ӧѹ
ħʣҺз𷨻ֻѰħϾ֣ٳֵʱҶɽ٣Ϊƫƫңѵлʲôɣ
ԴӲУ֮󣬾ʶ֮ͨСҮʶͨĦʶ©ͨȺһҿһ˿ɴ
γ֮һԼƾš©ͨṩǻۣԼ֮ͨϵϵѰֿܵĹ켣ڲ׽
ֶΣ뵱ꡮˡΪεЧȻֶβͬҲв𣬵ȴЩ֮ͬ
һо֮һɣͷ׷𣬾ͬɳϴ֮ڶһһųõһּпܵԭ
ԭ֮ԻħģпԪӤʱ𵤴ʱµҲٴγ֣һεӰٱֹħǰš
һͷħǸоһ˿ɽٵϢŻһһͼħ֮ǰһ߻ħԼöֻ֪һרſħĶ𹦣ûһ߻ħ㱻ȥ
ȻûΪħӰԪӤ֪ϢһȴЩЦá
Ҫ˵𵤵ʱ˵ܽѣ˵ǰæնɱڤ棬ǲ֮Ϊ˵Ǻôռˡ
֮ˣȴΪǴˮĸİƳٽٵʱ䣬Ϥ˽𵤵ٳʧܵĿܡɽټɹҲûô򵥺⡣
һûˮĸǰǿĶܹ١ʵǿ󣬻һԪӤ¾ԪӤ֮еһˣܹԽһսĴڡִߣĪ٣ҲҰƱܹͨ
ˣԪӤվôôﵽģΪҪԪӤҶɽٳɹҲֻɡûһ׼㲻ܴﵽʮʮҲҪȡﵽ߰˳ɲųԵúáʱһɹٴֱӾжֵοټȴҲҵһ֣ǱסĲ˵ֱ٣ʲôֶζɻ𣬴˴һ
뵽һ˫΢Уǹһ˿Цݣʱ˵汳ľġ
һ֪ԪӤһҲͽ˼֮󣬾ͿʼΪ̽׼
Ҫ֪⺣һˣһջķᣬȻͷˮĸ֮еõıԼҲ²٣ЩĵһƷ䱦һ޺׽һһЩõĻ٣һʹá
һѡһҳճһͷаһƷԲġƵۡ׵Ʒһ˫Ʒ̤ѥ
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ԼһƷһ΢΢ҡͷƷǲƷվǲһƷվһѶȵģˣˣлŪõķɣ
һ˻˵ףȴΪ⺣һ׬ǻ𵤸֣»ΪһƷƴƴһһƷ²ǵѪҪ
Ȼ룬ȴһĿǷΧǿĵ˵ͷ𽣹㳯ԭŷȥ


ھ߾ ܹ
Ⱥɽսһڡ˵⣬ȴΪǳزǺɷӵĳУħӵĳСԭֻΪսǵıһеɡš
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ⲻ֪ǲڵصľ߶ҲΪֻҪɱ壬һ档
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λȥһȻа취սйһȦ֮󣬱ֱӽһһ󡯵ĵȥˡ
һչ¶𵤳ڵΪСҲԵգۣһ֮УкЩ˻ƹӭ֮ͬǽΪߴǰѯһ׼ʲô
ֻһ𻰣Ų֮תһȦ֮󣬱ԴʧҡҡͷҪʹȥ
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ǵĻȴҲˣһ΢΢һЦ˵Ҫȥ
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޲ɣֻǵѻ֤ԼЩҶҲͽöġ
βϣһͷ⣬ȴһɻ
ԹһЦŵѲ˵Լܹ֤֮߳һǾʸˣ
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ھŰ 
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һ̣ҲûаˣѾ˵ڣҪĻӣֻڲ涯ԽЩ취
ˣһȣ棬һĿûʵһӾжϳո߳˵ûƵ档
뵽ôһ⣬߶Լϳɾɫͽһ˵һ
գһüͷ΢壬΢΢һЦ⵹ѣҪӽʦˮ׼ȼգûѶȵսµԸһԡ
ֽһãæԸС˸һң϶׼á
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һȺӸ綼ǽ𵤸֣һȲȴǹƵΧŵһŮꡣ
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׿ԼͷȻҲʾ׼ıųȻȴҲ˶٣ɼҲʮַ
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ھŰ˶ ѹȫ
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ߣһɽƽƽ棬ǹμȣǵʮֺʰԹӵǲŹ׿ƵĻᡣ
׿üͷ΢壬ȴûлڣΪҲֻܸоЩҪ˵ʲôֵĵط˵
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Ըŵ˵ͷˣȴЩɣοԸԸ뱾ΪʦҲǲ˵顣
⻰׿İ˰ֵݺ޹ؽҪ飬ҲһʿֻҪȹ˴˴Σɣ˺Ĺ˳ȻٺòͼǾ͹ֲǡǷӦҪֶ
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ھŰ Ը
һͨͨһжӲ۾ڼϷȻҲ⡣һɽղƵģĿľΪ˰ﶾȹһأ¶ԼֶΣͬʱ붾š
忪˵ôһ仰һʱϷˡʱ㿪ʼװɵ꺣⾭ġꡯһ˵һԴѲŰɢȴʲô⡣
һ˷ſʶԼ֮䣬˵Ļ˵˼ʹ˸šȻһġ̸һݸ֣ȻһɻȴҲڵǰѡ˷һߡ
ȷҪһ붾㲻ϧǮæȡһЩƷϼѵıһѡ忴ЩмƷϼѵƷõȥ㹻ͷ
һЩֲһֻһٱ̫͹ͷˡϸѡһ֮ѡһ巨һƿ弶ҩ
Ȼǰԣֱ͸һΪɢ޵һȻƴǣæл֮
һûˣ΢΢һЦ֪ľѴ˺кδ㣬лɷԸһЩõӻ
һʱạֶ̇̄λҰڼӣüͷ΢壬̾Ѳǲ֪ƾ𵤵ΪҲûССԸɡֻԱѣҲû洦ЩŴ󻧵ĴԼӣŸǲѰҲҪΪиˡǿ¼Ҳȫң˵ɢڡԣ»ֻɢްɣ
⻰ͷϲæպһᣬõѼõӻ֪δ㣿
һһ㶣¶һ˿ȤѯʵȻ飬Ѵͽ̣
һȻϹ㽫Լ׼õһ˵ǡ˵һƵķɽٸһ츳󿪷֮ţһһν붾ţΪרʦĻᡣ
һһȤ֮ȴ¶֮ɫ˱һȴŵǿ˵ӵĸԼΪʦ֮ĺôһһ˵Ȼһ˵ĶһӦ
һڣһԳɹ붾ţһȹѹء˾ԸǽԴϲ˺һȥ׿һ棬˵
׿ƽ￴ɢ֮һܰȼü֮ˣȴҲ˺ɫ໥ά֮£̸Ϊҹζ࣬׿Ƶİ壬һڶձضţʽʦ붾š
ڶ峿һͬ׿ƴսǳݹ⳯ŷȥշɳƬ̣ӭͷϡ
һʦһԣ׿ƿɲ붪ӣʲôˣΪӵ·
ɵǰͣ⻪ɢȥԳһŮʽ̴ӡ
һµһЦԳõһĽޣҾ˵ŵϢԲдӺͶյֽվҪ¶λѿˣ
⻰ֹӺѦͬʱͷʾͬ⡣׿û뵽ŷͱ֪ɵ΢΢һͨˡ
ŵġ⡯Ϣͨ˵µ飬ûʲôϢܹӹǵգһЩɾҲ֪˵Сˡ
ԭλѣ֪кĳȻڴ˵Ⱥ򣿡׿Ծ˹һЦ
˵ѦӽӹͷǺһЦӲصģ˿ɲǽٵˣǸյָҪǰȥŰݷã˱һͬǰȥˣ
׿ͷһݣ䣬ȻѲ̣ȴҲˣΪηҪȥפأѵǶŵ龪ˣҪȥ̽ʵɣ̴ֻӪȻƿޱȵԴôûС֮˵̽˽飬Ҳܴʱ䡣һεô¶ѵתˡ
˵ͷɻ󣬵ǲȣ̶ڶ˵һǿ󲻿ƥеĴڡƽݷǶҾܾοȹؼʱ̡׿ͷɻ󣬰ڳһԶһͬǰȥ
̴ļ룬˵ҲԵ֣Ⱥݹͳŷȥ֮УѦӺ׿һ·̸£ֹһ۲һ֮Уڿڵ˵ľ֪ɷ䣿


ھŰ 붾
öԷ⻰һһЦ²һɢޣ붾Ҳֹӡ֣Ȼʼ㻽ľǣ
ľ𣡡ֹһһ˫۾ֱֱһҪһ㡣Σҡҡͷ૵˵һ䡰Żָԭ
һ״ɻ֮ɫֹ֪Ӿľĳʲôô
ֹҡͷҲֻĳЩ£ľЦˡڡ֮ȴǿ֮ֻΪľƷɽֶĳѡνȺ󣬴Ϊȣ֮ơʦкˣȻϰֶΣ
һһ˿⣬һαǫֹӹˣ²ɢ֮ˣʲôʦУǵãҵһɽлһƪţֶֻ֮Լϲô֮õĶˣ
⻰ֹԳһ˿ΪֶκһùǷɽʱͷĺۼһ˵ֻõһƪ涼֮ʲô
ΪʮĽܳӣֹʮѵõ֣ܵõʦ̣õõгŬŴﵽĵزȻרעȴҲԼİǣһ֮ԭЩȤʱȫɢ
ڿһαЦݣֹûǰġľĿ֮һߴһȣʱǰ⡮ľ𡯳ױ͵ľأ滰û˵һ䣬һͳǰ׷ȥȻǿҲ࿴һۡ
ֹȥıӰһЦȴһѰζζ
һ˶ǽ𵤸֣ٶʮѸ٣½⺣ʮﺣ֮ͬҪ˺ܶ࣬㹦˱һƬɽ룬Ƕŵפڣ롣
ⶾȻΪɷȴʵʵڷ羰ۼɼ֮һĴڡ֮ԵǶפڴ˰ˡ
׿ƵĴ죬ڼ̵ţһ˽붾ſǳͨ衣׿ƽסް׵֮Ŵһȥҹ³ϺõǼǱš
׿ƵĴ£ϵϣִµ֪֮ͨ󣬰βżһ׷ߴӺƵ˳
һһͷǿһ£ΪģֻΪӴϸо֮
Ȼ̹ȻѾ͸ˣֻһ·ֻоλ֮ҪǶŻûбȫƿأ̻д㡣̵Ĵ쵽˵ʵȻһ˴ŵˮ׼
һûȥϾһ˴֮һĴڣʵһδٻˡ
һ˼ʱ׿æһǰݼͨܣһ֪λչǣڶʱΪ֮ʮԪӤڸ֡
չ׿һ˵֮µĽһ´һһ˿Ӷζ뵱κѪһ޶֮ӶڲԼıԡ
׿ûзЩ󣬵ȴӲһ˼װûпͷȴЦҪ֪Щӵľף湦Ԫ֮Ŀǡ
ֻҪΧ֮ڣ֮ǸԪİˣǴ˿̵̽ʵδݾߣҪչǳϸնɱԼԪΪԪӤһݻ
ľܲȻǴţȻʦֶΪ㵣ҶȻû⡣ҶŲͬħͬޣ˵ʲôɢޣֻҪ㾡ΪŰ£һܵŵչ˺ͱӻġ
лճϣһĽΪ£ΪȣóʧģԷĵ˵ţ˿ûһȻҲ©ţҲġĻһм˵˳
ȻһĵĻչǳҲЦˡ֮ټһЩӣ׼һ򵥵İһʽʽšΪʿһһ붾žǸ߲ӣ׿ƺһסΪڡ
ҹһ鿴ŵʶһ˳Լס̽ͨ־Ȼ׿ǰһ׼˼ʱ򣬵̨ͬʱ𶯡
ôᣬյʱΪεϾͱעֱ֮ӻΪ̵Ľͽ
ԾԾһȴֳܱһ룬׿ƽš˼һԲӦ䡣⣬㽫ԺŴ򿪣׿һЦվǰ


ھŰ 
֪ʦãʧԶӭʦּ£һһÿ·ʾ׿ƽš
׿һ˿ڵһǺһЦľʦܲؿҹȴǴʦˣֻǰΪҸҪһʦܣ˴֮£ʦܲҪ⡣
׿ƵĸǶĳϣԪӤڵĸ֣ר˾ֻ˵ȻΪһȾҪҡ׿֮һ簡
һͷ̣ȥ¶һϲľʹӦϾֻԪӤҪٴıʣҲĻᣬǻҪ¾Ҫ˼һˡ
һǰһ󳯶ȥһ·׿Ʋʱһ̸̸֮У׿ȻװһǷϰߣȴòĴ˰顣˵ֹһʱ¶һ˿ϲɫ
һһУ˼ֲ²⣬ڵʲôȴǲö֪ˡ
һ·ȥҲ֪˶̨ͤ¥ֵǾȻһѲߵӶûм׿ǿһɻ󣬱ڽ˵Ƕеסһʱϰˡһ˵ǲÿɷ
һʱ䣬һۡ棬Ҷ顮ƾӡ֣˵ΪԪӤϵƵס
ľʦܣ߰ɣüҸȼˡ׿Ƽһңæߴٵ
֪һͲڿңǷųͨ̽ƾ֮еȻû̽Ϊ˲׿ɣһӦһųȥ
˵ԪӤ˵ĵʱӦеѲߣƾȴһ壬ֻһùͬ磬ȴûƻȻǱʩ˷֮á
׿ƽãһӸ֮ϣ˶ҲһƤһŻ
ӽһһʵǸռ뱾ŵô
һһоŨ֮ʱ򣬲ɵͷһݡΪϵ̫֮ŨǻѰʿǾ൱ԪӤڵˮ׼Ǵ֮еԪӤڡ
öԷʻæ̽˼İһݣľݼϣǽոհ뱾ţ֣ȴǲҵġ
Ҳɫתͷ׿һۣ׿ƣǽ֮ˣʱδã㿴Űɣ
׿һ㶣һ¶һ˿ɫǾƹֵ״ˣľʦһ֮ȷʵѵãǾ㴦ȴǿϧˣ븸״˳֣ΪľʦϴպҲΪ̶ǡ
ƶѡҲ˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷһһֵľǰ㱾ش
ղŸӶһǻһȴǶһ̳֮ԣ˵²˸˾Ųʮԭ˽ǰȴҪδȻһִ÷Σȷв²⵽⡮ϴôһ¶ȴס
˫΢Уһת˼뷨վðһԣһ˿ɻ󡣶׿ƹƵЦ֮Уĳȥ
һ߽ƻߵʱڶˡֻһһöȭͷСɫԹģһȣһûзʱֱӳŰ˹ȥ
ҪʲôһһҪˡ
ҪܣҶסƿеһֻ𷨾һַģʱһһԭء
һ֧ŵ׿æȰ˵ľʦܣ˱ڷ֮򲻿ɵֿԪڣ뵤֮𵤽ϣһʽ˱֮Ϊʽӣٲɢ޳ˣ
¾⻰һȴǴҲšֻȴ˷ĽһûԼţԸһ۵˲䱬õ⡣
һĻƻ֣׿ɫһϲӶ˾㾲ȴһһϵԽȥϸԳݹɡ
ϲʦܣϲʦܣΪˣӴ֮ͽ˵ָܹ·೤
׿ƵĹϲһһ㶣֪ʲôһ㣬æʦ֣ʲôͽŲǶô⵽ô£ֱ̫˼ˣҸоԼǿ࣡
׿΢΢һЦͣȴ洫Цһʮݹ˽Ϊ׼нռչǳϡ༸ŶУ㲻ǳҲӦͬĴڣԪӤ֡


ھŰ ƾͼ
չǷɽһһۣ㿪ƵʿСӿǴúˣ
۾˿׿ƣ׿ƶʱ֪æǰһݵմʿľʦѾ˳̡
չԣ̽һʶһһɨȻо֮һЦʿһжܽʿﻹЩѣ˶Ѿ
Ƶͷʾͬһ̵Ѿ˾ųɣҳκʿǰȥʱûϢط¸ĿꡣԲʮѾд̶̵ֽСܽʿҲõģȻʵǿҲܽʿΪ൱֮£ǿҲֲ˶ãҪĹ֮¡ʱʵԣҪעǲ̵ܽϢȥ֪׿Ѿ˵ˣ̵ĵӡ˵ΪȵȴЩΡȣҲûţһξȻǰ˵ǵõʲô֪ϢȥߵĹעǾʹڱ̽ķչˣ
⻰չһԭųϣ̴ʿһЦʿ̫СĽˣǲ𵤵ӣѵܷǵĲɡŶǵƿ֮£е˶ͽһ£ϰٽ𵤵ӣǧץǣǾǲҲѷɡˣԶ֣ѵӵõ
ԳڣϷ׷ױʾͬ⡣ʱ׿ƿڵλʿˡʧ¾ŴʿԲסѰ𵤵ӣб̵ͭǽڣȻѲˡǲ̣ͬʮŻж˶ʮĴڣȻʵֻһΣΪ̣ǵĵȴʮۺ񡣶Ϊ̣ǸԵõֱ֪˴˲Ѱӣ̵ĵմӡΪ̵Ȼ׼ֶΡҲλϳܹ׽ãЩѶֶηǴݾ֮£̵й¶ȥĲá
Ŵʿ׿ƸҷԼͷʮֲƸϣȴ÷ֻʵȻô˵ʲô߼˵
߼ҵЩ뷨λһˣ
׿ǫһ䣬ٲܿԼ뷨˵˳ԭƲߺҰĸҪ̵˾ܡϴ񡯳Ϊ̽ͽȻص̣֮ϴӴҲȾ̵ɫһԽǿ̵ʵԽ̵ϢԴǿ̡
׿ƵĻŴʿⲻ̵ߣ˵ףȻҲ֪ǵմӣȻӽ˵÷ǿļƲߣʱ򷴶òʧ
׿Ҳ޲ֻ΢΢һЦָָһԵһڴ£Ѿ׼ľʦǰȥҵһͬŵʱʮֹΪ֮ľʦ̹һҲ顣˵ľʦܵıݲǶŵӣλҲ벻ʦѾصĳΪ˱̽ڡʱ죬ʦܾʹǰȻܹһֲ
ŴʿЩһ
һԱãõ˲ԼҪ֪Ķ֪Ȼһܸڸƥеġܽʿ㲻׿ƵļƲ̸Լ˼һתæڵʦ˵ǣ̸ֹȥǶȻỳɡ
һӧ׿ͷһϲԸǰѡһʱѡˡϴ񡯡ʿԣǲÿɷ񣬶ǴʿȻҲñƵӡƲߴﵽһͨ
ҹ׿ƽһ̵Ĵһ֮㽲ո˵ϸڡ
ڶһ磬һӰֹԺȥǵ׿ơڻ̡һ˿յԺţоǿʶԼɨ֪ȻЩʿԼ׼ʱ
һǹһ˿Цݣֳ̧ϴһƬ֮Ժ͵Ĵ򿪣ֹһĳ濴ŲԼˣɫҪȥ
һ״Ųæ˵ƽ֣֪ɷҽһ𰡣
ֹһ㶣û뵽һȻܻıһ˫۾һ˺ðΣָҪ˵ʲôȴ
ֹ֪Ҫ֪ǱɽƣãããҲӱǣֻѵҪ˵ɣ
ֹֻǰӰȻʮǰһӰصβŻָһʹһɫ˼һæ̧ʾľ֣룡


ھŰ 
룬һ˵ͷǹһ˿Цݣĵĳƾӿһ۱ֹӳԺȥ
ƾУЩͶ̵ĴʿոտһֹԺУҪȥȴһؽֱӽʶ档
ףĽƣȻֵܹǵĿӣʿܲ̽չջʶæʵ
΢΢ҡͷȻҸоǿҲǲͻƣʮа˾Żᾪˣ˾ʧȥ˿̽ˣݾ߷ǲãͽʱľ𣬿ʲô°ɣ
ʿҲʾͬ⡣ֻǰŴʿɫЩÿһû뵽СӾȻʮĵн飬ɲҪʮļϸźá
⻰ʿͽʿû˵ʲôΪǶ֪֮һһ˱֮壬ǲԭԼ˭󶼻ΪҳϵĵӡŴʿȻҲһ㣬һҲǷйһ°ˡ
ȴ˵һֹӽԺУֱһƬƣԭƺ϶Ϊһ⻪һͽЩ̽ʶ档
һĻֹϳ˾ȴûа⣬һûн˼Ҳͷһȥ
˷£ֹ̲סʵľ֣㵽ʲôˣ
һԣǺһЦһ䡰Щ겻ѵ˹ô˵䣬һĨʱű䣬̤ѩ޺۵ֶξ⿪չֳĿ
Ȼ㣬ľ֡һ֮ڵӡ֣ҺÿడֹһԳŨŨϲɫ
һԣ΢΢һЦʱȣҸ֪ʵݣּ¡ֻû뵽ǣּʮ٣̶ʮ겻ɾͽ𵤣ʮСǳĳϰ
ԭλֹǵּʮүƽ¡꣬һİ֮£λʮүƾԼ츳ǵõӣһٶýʮ޵ʸ
ڴС࣬ƽ²ЩӵһΪʮűӻҲǰѲŰƾ츳Լĺˮڴڶ֮ӱõŸ߲ʶ
ΪƳɿȷʱʮֱ߲ƸĵӣָһԪӤʦ
˺ƽ¸һʰʦİʮۺԴĴ£̶ʮ˽𵤣Ϊ˳ʽӡǰãεĳ֮ѧʱеһֱ֮ӱΪ׼ʦ
Ҫ֪νʦһÿһǾĻ۲ܳɾ͵ģƽ²ʮؾͳ׼ʦνʮһ̳
ݣʮ֮нܵıһȴҪȵĻᣬһĥ־صֽӵдѶһͬ̽
̸Ц֮ƽºʲôʵ֣Ҵдݣ׼ΪгѰ㣬л¡Ҹ𵤲ãѯϢȴ˵ȡȥ˷ˡӴ֮ȻѶȫޣôȻ붾ųΪӣ
һԣ΢΢һЦ˰ֵȥ飬̫ۣ֪֮ٸǣһȴΪһ顣
飡ƽԳɻ֮ɫʵ֪ʲô飬˵ǣ
һ˵ͷЦݶ֮֮ɫĳḷּ̌
ʲộ㣬ѵˣľ𾪺һæһƺһǰһ̻֪ѣһȴˮһ㡣
һ״ǻһ㣬ϵٴɢ֮һЦϢͨȻ鴫أȻҲ֪ˣǰ㲢ûд
ƽ¼״׷һʵթԼŭϲ˵ʲô˼ǣ̵֪鲻ɣȻΪΰ̵Ľͽ̣
һ΢΢һЦȻ̵֪ģҲ̣֮лϴ񡯣ֿ֪ɷԸҸϴ񣡡
ϴ񣡡ƽŵҡҡͷֲҪЦˣǽֵа̶̣һʱ䣬ʹһĽɳΪԱĴֻжζأԼΪ֪Ҹ˳Ծǣ̽ͬħһ㣬̶ǰٷ֮ٵģн̵Ŀܣץ²ǻûʳԱԵǶûеõϢ


ھŰ˰ ¶
ƽ˵һǹһ˿Цݣ̧һָ֣㿴ʲô
ƽ˳ſȥֻһſڱ³һȭͷСɫԹԹ⣬ƽµʱסɲһۣʵ֣⡭֮
һ΢΢һЦ·ⶫǴԼ³ָŵⶫ֮ǵ̽ͽĹԭڣ̲֪ܲ°ɣ
ƽԣɫ΢΢һ죬һҾֹȻͬѰʧ֮ǰ˵ܹս𵤣𵤴ɣȻѰԪӤֶܶԸ֮סǳΪȻ̵ְ֪زҲûʲôˡǰãʮŷ֮һЩܣҲһͬ̽ʱһҵǰǻɶ̵һĿꡣǵ鱨֪һʱڣн볤ʧ٣̲ŵǰڼǵ˺ڣգۼ䣬ǰһ̻ţһ¶ת̵ķֲٶ֮󡣶ͲûˣѾȷ̵һĿˣҿʽϢȥһʮϢŻһ潱١ȻЩֵģҰ㲻ռˡֻǿϧˣⶾĶ֮еǱ޴ĴڣǾʹ˷չȥ˵һܹΪ̵Ĵڣʲôʱתа̷ֲ֪ˣ
ƽ¿̾һ΢΢һЦ֪ҲǲԸ㣡ֻǾ㣬ϢҲ˽ˣ
ƽɻΪΣ
һǹһ˿صЦݡ
ѵѵ⼸ôɲǿЦģ
Һʱ㿪Цµĵǲֻǲ⼸죬ǽ죬ڽϣ̣ϣ
ʲộϣԵ棡ƽ±⻰ŵɫ΢΢һףȻŴֶΣ뵽ôһɣȴҲ÷
һȻ˼΢΢һЦʱԷģǽɹΪҪոǻ׼ɱ֣ʱ˾Ͳ˵ˣ
ƽͷһɣ˼һתæˣǻһǿԽһҹŴͱܹʱֵһԪӤˣȻҲֶΣ֣ز©һҲɱﵣˣ˺˵ûܳȥ
ȻԼͷд㣬ƽһƻһҲ˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷʾͬ⣬ƽСĶȥˡ
ֻƽһĴѶֶΣȻֱӸѿռ佫ѶϢȥƬ֮ɫâƽ·С
ʦΪôææǰղҲŷһ㼣󣬿ȷʵ̵Ŀ꣬ϢȵõǿɶҪŶ˵һµӡ
ʦŵ洫ӣҵһûз֣ʦǷʲôȻҲķشĿռѶҪεֶǰˣѦҲǺһЦӽ֮˳
˼оȻһûˣȴҲԾһŵ֮ͬʱһ˼
λصģλҵѣڵĽܳһʦ֣ûб֮ƣʱΪ˸ǱѶġƽ֪ʱ䲻࣬æ͵
֪֮ԵĶ˲ƽµĻȡȽסȡһͭѦóһֱ̣ƽ²ʲô
ףʦϹȻû֮
̽鱦ҲҲ֮ټ
ԲԳˣȴҽֶηΪŲԵʱȻһҲԷΧʵʵڵļ⵽֮Ĵڣ֮Ʒ
ʦܣ⵽ôͣý˵㽫ǵ¶ͽ飬ɲ׾ѵģ
˵ţѦ¶һ˿һ·ԵҲ¶صɫ
Ѧʦ֣ʦ㣬λڵһʦ֣ڵĸߵڣĲ˵ѵǻôƽٴνһݸ
ڵӣԣǧ𵤵ӣ½ҲӳҶ˵ĶĿûһһˡҶϢͨʦҲ֪ˣνͣѦҡͷʾš
𵤵֮ȷʵûôһӵͷʾͬ⣬˵ڣɫȴ΢΢һ䣬ʲôԴԾĿһѵʮ֮ǰһħս֮гֵӣܽ𵤣ûü˵ע⣬ͺܿ伣һ


ھŰ˾ ϴ
⻰ƽһϲͷһ֣㽫ҵġ⽣ʩչһöλȷһ°ɣ
һ֪ʱ䲻࣬ҲԸһ󽣾һֱһ׹罣ۡ˽ʵ壬֮۶ɣϢ˽⣬ʮʱڳһֲƥеĸо
һ˵֪һϸĶˣǶһʮƽ¶Ծѡ
ʱѦҲһϢͷ̾ǡ⽣Ҳ̫ˡ˵ӢĽ֮׵Īн飬ʹֶ֮ΣȻ٣
һչ¶ʵ˲ݣʮֳԾ̶ʮʱʹﵽȳ̶ȣͬʱͷΪһֻ֣ɽòɵһȺ֮С
Ȼʦ֣Сϼʦ֣ûϳʦݣ£Ӳŵӣ˼鶯Ҳӣֱʦơ
û뵽һ˳Ȼܼ꿡壬СѦƽҲңּѦҲֵ̰̬ơ
һ˼Ͳʲô棬ȻԼֽѹҲ˷ʱ䣬򵥵ĽǰԼ֪ƽµ˵˳ʱ˾Щ˵
֣˻棡
Ȼ棬ҵ֮ƭǣϵΪа̵Ľͽ
˻ǰǼƲ߳ɹˣܹڵ֮Ҳ֮ܽڵʦ汲ֻ֣б
һ뵽ɫ˱䣬ͬʱͷһû֮ơ
˵Ŷת̣˺ҪƽʮԪӤֵķҲǲܵɣһ΢΢׵
ǸԶлʵ˸ǿҪƷǲܣܹӳȥһˣ
Ѧƽ⻰һʱϾԼΪ飬˭˶óģ߶ǡѲƶˡǲܡ
һȻ˵ԼʵʵԵֵԪӤڸ֣һЦʵĳһ취ɻᣬҶӵóȥ
⻰˶ʱϲ⣬æѯһҲӣ΢΢һЦҪ˵ɻᣬϣⶾΨһһûбոϣ
ţȻˣŶոȴһѵǡ
ǣ
⻰˾ԻȻѸٽʶһǹϵһõƽ¿ڵҵȫƾ
һҲƴǣ˵ͷͽӹָȨʼ˽Լļƻ
֮˵һ˵ˣƽ¿һҲ΢Щɻ
ѦƽĿһһۣ֣Ȼ̫֮죬ǱźֳҲȫȻܹȥҵڵ֮α˵ǣͶ̣ļƻ¶أ
һЦ½һ֮ų̧һ⡯ƾճ֣һͽ֮𣬻һöСĵƾ֮ײȴǳ岻Ʒֵķ
ħӡħ裡˼һУͬʱ
λҲ֪ħӡǱشΪԽԽǿĳΪħӡܹ֮ԡ
һĻû˵ڣ˺εȴȻ˼໥һǾ
֣¾ͽиˣƽ¶ʱǼµķ⿪ͬʱҲ׷̬ͬһʩչ
֮󣬿ͷԺŴ󿪣߳һƽ£Ѧƽ⣬ˡ˸һ֣Żڲļʿ׷Գ¸Խ𵤵Χס
׿Խڶϸ˿ƽµˣһЦúãúðľʦܣΪȥ˵ǾͲˣû뵽ȻֱӸϴɹ̫ˣһǴһ
ʲôλʿԳһæ̽ʶһɨȻϵ֮Ѿ뵤Ȼ΢Щȴʵʵڵֻ֮˵˶Ѿʮʮͽˡ
ôܻһϴ񣬵λʿʱΪʧ
֮УϴֻܽһΣΪȻԵȴͬʦͽСϵνʮֽܣһϴˣǾ͵ڽ˰Լ棬̣ºͣ˺ô޹أֻһԼϴһһϵйϵˡ


ھž ܽʿ
ģȻСӼ˱ˣŴʿͲ£Ȼһɲ˵Ļᶼû£ʱŭڣɱ˵ĳ嶯
ֻȻһа̣ȴΪ֮ϣӵоԵ͹򣬽ͽ֮԰ʹûУֱӶ֣㵱κѪ֮ɱһҲֶεĽãʱҪȥġ
˶׿ݣںλʿķŭһ֮ȥ̸
һ׿ȷѾҳϵĽͽ֮󣬴Цλ֣ܹ뱾̣ˮպɻڴǲҪ˽ղźã
һЦѦƽͷЦʦʱãҵȲǺϣʦֶǡֻľʦ˵˵Ϊܽʿפʦհһܽʿ˵գ֪ɷһ
⻰׿Ƴһ£˿ǻλϣ֪ԷҲ׼ˣһЦȻǿԵģҸǱ̶ֲݴܽʿһְܽʿΪϴҲհһʢ£
Ѱ˭Ҫ׼һһŵ䣬ǾܴӦ顣һڵ֮ЩͽУݻҳ϶ٲޡټ˽Σ˭ҲиԾ״Ӧ
ôӦ϶¶羴Ц⣬ʱ֮һǹһ˿üƵЦݡ
׿ƴȥݼơ˵Լ֮֮Ӧڵգһˣһʿ죬㳯صĵطȥ
صĵطһӣǵ꿪ʦ죬ĿΪ˻ȡصŨṩŵСֻǧȥ֮طȻŵĵطõʦ֪»ѽܡ
˳ųһ·ߡһ·ϣƽ˻˶ඵЩ̵ܳ׿Ƽ״Ϊ˹ĽҲ˽Լ֪Ķ˵һҲû©һ
˲֪ڼһ⻪ڿӵס˼ӿ˽ŲæȥһԲʮضǲ˾󷨵ĵ档ͬʱһɹŨޱȵ¶ڶ
ܽʿ´ǰݼӴʿ֮кΣ֮вŴһɬǼʿôҹű£ҹ
⻰ǴʿɫһѿҪڣȴ׿ǰ׿ƴ̵ǰݼܽʿܽʿͼһ棡
ף̵ӣԭˣðɣɣһǣ
䣬ֿȥһͨǰԼɼӰ룬趯ʲô
˳ͨ룬ſԭᣬһɫֹһˡڲ򲻶ϴ֮޲֡
¸£Ǿ̵ӣǹ͵ķĿƽˡ
̵Ӽܽʿ˸оԷǺֵƣæһݵ
ţǼ֮Ͳʲô̵ĵӣΰµĵӣʲôŶǷһ㣬Ƚ޳񹦣٣ʱ˶ֻܳ綼ǵģ
⻰ڳ̵϶¶֮ɫʢһ㡣
ˣȻٲ̵ӣҪ´֮УзչΪ̷չ´󹦣

˴Ӧĸɴ࣬ܽʿ˼ãҲ˷Ը䣬ҪҪ˵һ¡ܽʿʲôüҿ֮ɢۣûȫϴ񣬲֪λʿϴģȻ裬Ϻķ֮
⻰ͷһȴһֱվںһǰڵܽʿ¶Ϊϴֻ¹ǳķѴ֮ȴδܾܽʿʹ
ܽʿһȻҵԼ棬˵ɵö࿴һۣһ֮Ȼϡֻǿһ㡣
ԭ㣬ǾѹˣƾĹȻܹϴˣܲйȻҪɣָ
⻰̵϶¶Ľ֮ɫҪ֪֮ȻȴҲеȼΪԽߣ֮ԽǿԽǿԱΪߵˡϴ񡯣ʮֵ洦ܽʿˮƽǴʿĽ顣
ĽĿ֮Уһһϲĳܽʿȥͬʥһϡ


ھžһ Ӫж
ãܺãܹԼΪ˲ţ˵ĵ䷶ֵñܽʿ㣡ܽʿȻ˵ſ佱飬֮ȴûаƺһжʽˡ
лܽʿЩ±ְýһϻ̳Ͽֵ˵
̽Ľ˵㣬ǱܽʿĽӺˣ
˵䣬ܽʿ̧һͬʵʵԳһüĴһĻĽʺ޽֮ƽŵĲ
˭֪ԸսӴһüĵʱһ΢ɲĽ׶ɫâüλãֱӳ԰ȥ֮ȥ֮ԴԴϵĽ׶ɫ֣Ͷ֮ûȥ
һĻ˿һܹϵĳ֮ûΪ̫̫ǿԽ
˳ԾʱܽʿԼ˶֮ȻҲԾ
Сôܳô֮ΪһЩĴʿܳô࣬ôȥ˵ûÿҵԪѾӦ˽һʿҶĻ󴫳ȥһ֪»ᱻЦˣˣСһ͵ģ֪Ѷ˰ɣ
뵽ܽʿʹһ߶ǵ͵ǿʮһüͶȥ
һ֮ǰɵĻ࣬ʱϲ⣬ֻһٲֶɣ͵ſڣ֮С
һĻܽʿ˶Ծô͵֮ķȴǴûм
һȻֱһ֮ܽʿҲǾ棬ͬʱһ̨ףŲæջһλߵ̬ľʿձõʲôȻм
һԹһݣæܽʿõһƪţϹħŵƪ£ܹ޵ƺ
ʲôĸ֣˻ûʲôоܽʿȴɫһ䣬뵽һУһеЧ̵ãͷϲѡ
ΪܽʿҲʧæɫһɻ״ľʿȷõľϹħô
һԷ飬ʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫæݵ²ѧǳֻǲ²һд֮ռܽʿܽʿָһ˵䣬һŲоͳϡ
ⶫһ֣һŨħϢ͸ڳ˶овܽʿֻһ֣оⴿħϢʱ߰˳ɣȻͷȲˣϻòװӵȻˣ͵ɣ
һɫһϲһǱȥ˫оܽʿݹȥչоܽʿչ¶ŲоչħϢԽԽǿңɱ¾ɵζ
ã̫ˣΪһǳǷչһû뵽ȻҵɣǱɣһж֮Ũ֮ʱλӾҵˣЩϼһͳͳҹ
ܽʿʱ򣬲оȫչһĶ̽ǰ
ʲôħأܽʿûһ㶣ȴûӰ
һŲæָǶ̽ܽʿˣ̽Ͼдָ˿ˣ˵ţһץ̽㳯ܽʿ˹ȥٽһ˲䣬֮ɫһɨ֮һЦһɷ֮͵ע֮̽У˲佫̽Ǳʮܽʿͱȥ
ʲô·ϣ󵨣ܽʿǺ֣Ȼ˼ʧȥȻҲһָ̻͵ýһ𣬾Ҫһɡ
ٺ٣ܽʿˣҪɣһһЦ̤˲䴩޺׽ֱܽʿš
꣡һ죬޺׽ܽʿϡ
⣬ⲻܣܽʿȷôܱ˵ѵܽʿһԾĿǰ̽뵽ʲô
ʱһҲٷϻһ߽ע޺׽һ߸ߺʱʱ
⻰ƽ˶ʱ֪ʱˣ׷ŭһֶչ˸з˲佫ԪӤ˼סΨһĴʿʣһҲ˾ӡĹ֣ȫ͵һײ
ֻһ죬ӡӲޱȵĹȴĹһӾƿһ˴СĿӡﻹ֪ЩǾͳ˳
˹Юһ̣̣ҺģҪǳ׽𣡡


ھžŶ ո¶ͷ
֮зӡǶΪֵΪ˳߾һֱڱչ֮Сֱأŷ仯ȴгƣܽʿֽѹ
˹൱ܽʿз񼶸ֻ֮ҪʱվܹϴΪ̽ͽû뵽ʱ;ɱһһˣܹǲܲǷϴɣͻȻƷӡų
ɢֳһپ׳űħͬ޵ĵ·Ѫ⣬г֮󣬿ħˣϢȴɵʮֹ졣ҲֶʹֱͬҪǿһ
ȻһųҪɱ㣡ܽʿųԼһһСӺƭͷаֱðŭһ˫һ̧Ҫһѹ
һ״ﻹͣѽߣ̤磬Ȼ˫˲˳ȥ˴˽٣ͬʱһ֮ܽʿĽ˴޺׽û
һ˲䣬ܽʿֻоԼͬ˿ӵˮͰһ֮кֹľ֮£ﻹ˵ɱһæʩչֶֹ֮й¶ֻ޺׽˿ڷͬѰһϰְ취ҲǼ֮й¶ԼԼ֮ڻٵĹС
̽һԼ֮Ȼɣ֮ıҲҪĿ๤ܽʿ¶ı飬Ъ˹ĺˣ㵽ʲôֶΣٸͣ£Ҫ
һһнԶˣ뷨ûУͷҲصľͶһȺ̽ͽȥˡܽʿһҲŭһҪ֡ʱһӰͻأĳǰǺ˭ˡ
Ҫߣ°ɣ
ǣԼôõܽʿ޲ѣĶǱȻοϷŹŭһһ˫ȭеͳܽʿȥܽʿҲֻý֡
ӡôãȻûб֮ĥ˲ܽʿһһ֣ʵɡһʱ֮䣬˾Ȼʵ൱һļҪɱˣһһⲻã˾
ȴ˵һܽʿΪԵɡһһȺ̵֮УֱͻȺ˲佫ΧĶ˽ȳ˵նɱʿȡ֮Ȼ𵤼֮˵ѾʤޣԪӤʿĿڡ
ˣľôܱѱ̣㲻ѾϴôѵƲûϴ񣡲ܣо֮ǴʿһŵĿһһ־ȻЩѹƲסԷ˺ŭĴ
һ״Ҳ˵ֻǴƽ˶ԸСආԼҪֶԸʿƽȻЩɣȴҲѡͬ⣬ɢȥնɱ𵤼ʿȥˡ
̫ˣȻΪԼܹԸʿֱȡ㾹Ȼֿ֮ܵһ͹ֲȫɱˣ˵ţʿһҪһ˶ԸԼʱŭһͳһɱ˹
һ״һ̱һòǲǣ
˵Ҳͦǰһ⽣ʩչһǽֻ򽣹ͬٲһк£ֱӽǷĴʿͬļʿҲС
ֺϣ˲ͻһΧ룬һɱʩչʱмɱýп಻ǴʿãȻԸרſ֮Ľɷ֮ЩǱȴܱס𵤼ʿ֮мܼ¾ͱֱӷʬѪ⣬֮һɡ
һԴ߶طնɱͽƽ˼һĻ㾪ӶԭΪһʵǿҲǽ֮еǿߣһǾ֪Լˡ
ǿ⻹ôսҲͰˣѵƾһ֮սԪӤǿӢĽһεĴڰԭѦƽֻΪһʵǿԼطȴƽƽ£֪ԼһѾһΡ
⽣ôȱ仯ѵѵﵽԪӤִѵġ޽򽣡ɣˣҲôǿ⽣Ȼȴв㣬⽣ȴϬͬʵʡѵǱ伮˵ġɷ֮ɣ
ϲŵӣ۹ϬȻͽһֳֶһֶȴûмظУӳԾѡΪҲóѦƽһĽۣһѾӢĽһεĴڡ
ΪҵļѾ㹻ǿˣû뵽־Ȼͬʱﵽȳ̶ȣһ·̫˳ˣСˣպҪύӢܣվǲеģƽ¼һֶΣҲǳԾѣĽȴûмʣ¶
ȻΪֿǣһûзȫʵһսѾ㹻ո¶ͷǣһƽܹط̣²һգһֽ£Ϊҫ۵ǡ


ھž ܾˡ
ȴ˵һһչʵǵƽµһһߵֶˡܽʿΪһԭʵͺ޼һȻʵɱ֮˼
ֻǺʱȻڱŭĶҪѩޣҲʽ֪ڴ˴£˫ʵ󣬶һԼһߵпܾʤֵĵطοܽʿɱˡʶһͷ̾ѣһȫ֣ܽʿס
㣬һȺ˶ʱ䣬Ȼƽʹطѹһֽ𵤸֣ʱȥطȥǲþ֮ǰʤһз̵Ŀܡ
һͷ̾һ֪ٶй¶һʵǲˡ˼һŭһ߽ʱԭֻὣĽ׷ջأ϶Ϊһ»ǽһСͬʱɢĵطҲֳǱĴʿ
Ҫɱ㣡
ΪԪӤ̴֣ʿȻһ⣬ױһʿڽ֮УƲãѲãһͬ˶ס󻹽ԼŪʮǱ
һ뵽ЩͷһĻԹǿ̹ˣһټһսȻΪ߲άֽν㲡ҪŭһͳһҪɱ˽ޡ
һȻ׶Է˼ĿҲҲΪϾâ̫¶Ҳʲô顣ڶԷ˽ʱ˫΢΢һУǹһ˿Цƴ״ͺһڽһĨһѪӽϸ֣ȻǼֺķѾѪ߶ֶε
ʿһĿﻹʹóƴֶΣ͵ĽٶһߣǳҵСӣ㼼ˣҪƴҲᣬȥɣ
䣬ʿһǰʱһһоȻûʩչʿΪüƣЦһ㳯һն˹ȥ˾Ŀ֮УһȻɶҲһնƬ׷ɶ
ܣʵǿôô򵥾ףԣΪʲôһѪûУ
ƽԹܿͷֲԾĵطǴʿҲһ̷Լһնϵʲôˣһ·ˡܹƭԪӤֵ۷ȴǼҲδľ֮£Ҫ˺
ʱһ˵ҪɱôȥǶ̵ô
ɱ㣡ʿ˲䷴Ӧһӣһ󣬲ֵ˲䣬ͬһߵмˣ
ʿæתͷֻһֳֳֻ߾롣Ⱦ£Ŀϵһƣоÿһ˿նһеƣ֮ѹƵЩת
ͷʿҲȳǿǱãȻ뺫һ㣬ŵ⹦ʹһ˫ƴ߶ȫһȥһпνǹбؾȣһ˱ܣһ¾Ƕͬھ
˶ΪһȻҪܵʱ˭֪üͷһǵ˱ܣٶ͵һߣ߾˲Ϣ֮ʧ
һţƤ֮һը죬һдʿţʿ˫Ҳôһؿڣ˾Ȼͬʱ˶Է
Ƭ̣ͬʱԷ𿪣ǴʿۡһѪźͲʣܿɫͻҰȥʧȥһ㣬˳·ȥȻһбȫޡ
ȴʿһȻҲһѪɫҲŪɷףȴкܹƾնȻһĶעȻܾˣվӮˡ
Լһܽʿ֮ǿĴʿȻնɱЩʿʱƽȻŹᣬͬʱط׷׳֣Щɱɱѹѹһʱ䣬ڳͽֻʣܽʿһ˾
ʧȥƽҲ֪սԼܹģֻһɹѯһֻ֪һֱֽ̲ɷ֮Ԫŷϴĥǿȱͳĺħ޶á
ټһƷ£ǻԪӤڸֳ֣ҲܹЩˣʿԪӤˮ׼ʹñƵ֮˵˵һڸ˲ƷѪɫΪ˶Ŀʹõֶΰˡ
ѯʣһһû£ֻǺҪȥæͽǰҵ֮ء
˵뵽ҪԸЩľҲ£ǲץԸܽʿ˵ǰ඼׷ˡ뵽Ҳ׷׼ֶΣ˻ܽʿͺĵط˹ȥ


ھž Ԯ
֮䣬һʿնɱһȺʿɱɱѹѹƾ㶸תܽʿɫʮֲÿоԼڵ֮ϵգͷɵЩˡ
һ˻ӽܽʿλ֪Ǵʲô⣬ͷȻŭЪ˹ĴģǸսϣһǸʹĴۣ
˵䣬ܽʿҪɱ֡ǰһӰǺ赲ǰ
ʲôǲʹĴۣҪһԣͲ֪Ҳˣ
ˣҶһ֣һĴڣѵҪЩսҵϣЩֵɨزɣ
ϣƨϣʹаţƿӺʱ򣬱һϺ涼ûˣǧŻһʦҲԭҡǹƨϣΪɱ㣬Ϊ˻̣ҲԷ״һ˫ƻһ㣬ܽʿй
ûᣡǳְɣ
һŻڲ࣬ȵľǻᣬҹһʱ佫ܽʿѹôȻ
֮Уһ߶˲佫Ӱųһͨ󽣣ƽɽһ㳯ʿȥҲʣһ㿴ұ·ų¿Կ֮ḻʲôӣһԷ׷׺һʮʯֹ
˺һȻ󣬵ȴѹյһݣ뺫񹥻һ𣬶ʱܽʿķһСӡ
ˣﻹϷ֣Цŵһץ֪ܳһ󵶣һ£ȱڣܽʿһʹֱƮ
һȻó㲡Ҫ趯⣬ܽʿЮһʱѾƮҡķ÷ֱ֮죬޵֮оѾ˱
ΨһңԵܽʿҲòʩչһУһʱŨޱȵ֮˷ӿ
ٴˣ˵֮ȻҸȼһ״Ծæе
ôãҲ֮һЩԣȻ֪ΣȴҲҴӦŭһȫ˳ȥֱӺܽʿͷ­һȻƥֱӽܽʿ֮ϲ˵֮ɢȥ
ˣ֮ƴܽʿ뵽һͿһУ֮£ֱӽϣ
ƾ㣬ƴǸɣЦѣᵶϡ
ݺᣬһܽʿһ֮һ͸һʡֻܽʿ̶ȣѪ⼸ȫת֮ûѪҲ֮ǱȴûһѪ
˵һƽѾԺֵľηһ֡ռϷ磬ﻹʹˮƽ߸ϵĺֳ֣ͷ·лһܹ۸ʵһһĳɾ͸кʹ̼Щ԰Ρ
ˣһЩͬӰ߶ܽʿ֮ȴǴ߶޺׽һ˺ۣϵܽʿ֮
ʵ֮ԴǰԮѼ⣬Ϊ֪֮󣬶شٵĸӦԽԽͷ֮²˽ƫһУҪ˺Ӷ֮ԭ׼еԪӤӿһٶȡ
ǿ֮һضȻðգȴҲãܽܽʿ֮ȫֱӳԪӤڣٶܶԸˡֻ弶֮ȴôģԪܹ·ľˣҲòȽЩ֮ȵԺҲǺõģ
£ܽʿȻȴϢԽԽԽԽֵסֻҪһʱ̣Ҫֺɱڵʱһƿ֮ϷӰڴ˴Ϊ׼˲ƣչǼλԭǶųϵ˭
ףǶͽƭǾȳɱʿΧܽʿ׿ְ׿ǱӡǼˣԭڷӡ֮ǰæ齻
ˣƽɫ΢΢һ䣬һüͷ΢壬ǺְֺףȵʦܣʦһѪɿ˵úð
ԣĲһʦ֣ʦ±ţΪħֻ֮̾Ҫ˶˳̣ǾħޱҲ˳ӦʦԸˡҷȰʦַܽʿҲ뱾̣ʱһʦֵܣҲʦ־ܹҶš


ھž Ѷ
ƨ
͸ˬֱҲٲʲôֵݣȻѿں֣ͬƾըףʱڳ˶һ
һϵȰ˵ȴ֣ʱȲסһˣ˵ͽ֮УĿ˺һۡ
ʦ֣һʦ֣Ȼڤ粻飬ҪԣҲûʲô˵ˣҵȾҪЩΣ̴ҵ˶ͽٳ֣Ӫܽʿˣ
⻰½½Ľ𵤼ʿȻΣ׷Գ֮ɫţӪܽʿˡͺηĳһһɱ˹
ԭԼµӣȴǵԸԼͷ˵ıߣ쳤Х˫һ꣬ᣬӾҪͷųֶԸǰЩӻԼ˵ˡ
Сģһ
ͷȥʶһɨַŻӲдܽʿȻ֪ػָ˼ʱϢľۼԼʱ͵Ϯ
뵽ûһԼҪһҲɵðһ˿亹ŭһȥɣ˳ƾͽܽʿȥ
ܽʿû뵽ԼεֶξȻ֣ŭ֮ٲαװæ׼һ㣬ɷֶθ˳ֶײһ𣬶ʱͨˣ֮ضöѡ
ͽٳնɱЩˣÿɱһˣܽʿ֮
һ仰ԭͿȵͽʱͷԽƽ᲻õֶζʹʳһ˴ȴǴȫͬΣա
ȥɣͷܹͷǱߣҲ˲ʲô״ħϧԪķ񹥻ǵڳǿɱ˭ɱ˭ʱͽԪӤʮˣ𵤼ϰˣټһ˵ĺ弶֣ǿҲֻܱΧ
ءȡ䡢ˣʱͬں𣬷ǵûӴ˺ͷǷŭ롣
ɻʲôֶεʱ򣬱һһúǰŶոǼܹԸģȥȽıΣ
ܵһʵǿҲԲޱ֮ŭһ⻰ʱʲôõѡ
ãλСѣҵһ֣ͬһȱڣ
溫ǰ
ΪߵͲ˵һĺյءܽʿԼƵҪֹλִҪߣסֽһ͵ҳһɳȱȺ󴩹ȱڣͳ汼Ӷȥ
׷
ܽʿϷŹˣһѣ̵Ͼͻ½֪ͽ׷׷ֱ׷ȥ
Ϊڶŵһ˽ⲻһ˸κνͳ˶ڡ
׷ˣüͷ΢壬ˣȻ׷Ϊɱ˲ɣ
һ״æڵضŭǶ̿ƣͲԼɱҲ棬ȻҪ׷Ƿͷж˦мΣ
ǰһССʿĽ飬һһֱֳͬѰʵҲ΢΢Сӡ⻰˼һת֪ͷж˦ˣͷӦˡʮ֮һʮľݵڣҾ;ͷ
ȴ˵һˣһͽƫԶȥһͽ滹һԪӤĴʿǶһ޲ѡˣǻǵ͹һʵ
㲻ʱ䣬һͽһˣ֮ǵ룬صŸȴҪЩ׷ɱǵͽһɱȻʱ䣬Ķ˻˵ͱһɱ֮
һ˻ǹһɱһʿʮʿڲͨ޺׽Ӧܽʿأ᲻ߡ
˶ڣһһ׬˸Ĳ˵ܽʿɵ֮ˣȹԪӤٵĻһɶ࣬ǿܹﵽɰܸó̶ȡ
û׷һҲøʱ䣬һ·ϱ֮߸·˰ʱƵʮݵڡ
ųƽȸĴѶ֮󲻹ʮϢ򣬱һŵСڻˣΪСѳʲôٲҾҪȥһˣЩ˽أ


ھž ˣ
ӭһһˣƽ£ϣѦƽ⣬ǰͷľȻǺ֣ԭ
Ļһ˿ûѰʿֵĻţ󷽷Ĺ˹ֵлģ·Щһ̴ʿסŵЩʱ䣬λõˡ
һƽʱһ˿ûΪԼ㣬Ȼûбʾͷȴǰ̾Ѿ֪һڵӵݣ˲ɵûǲֶųĵӶͬѰ
ɻɻһ֮˽һʮڴ˴ľݵ㡣
ȴ˵ݵȻּһҪǿһЩһ˵ԪӤ򣬵Ϊĺǲ˲١ֻʮǿ󣬺ǿҲҷΪ
һ˻صݵ㣬ں˵İ֮£һƽµæõϢ㱨һֵҲڴϢʵȴΪһҪûбȥҶ֪һʵ¶Ҳʱˡ
֮󣬳ڶ԰ȫĿǣѦƽ⽨ǰһкصĶ˾ݵȥ飬ƽºϲû飬һ׼ȥ˵Ҫȥˣʱ⣬Ҳûзԡ
ǺɵҲ󣬵ȴΪ̵Եɳ˽ɥ֮ȮĴڡȻҪԸ̣ȴ֪Լһ˵ǰ첻ģһʱ֮ҲûеطȥҲӦһһͬǰȥ
һ˷һʱ䣬ʮأ˾ݵ㡣
˴ݵ֮ǰʮݵвͬΪк򣬱׶ãԲõĵûֺֻһǧɵɽӰɽϾͱοյһ̨ͤ¥լԺֶ֮ɣǷɡ
˻ûн붦ˣһ˴Ҵҷ˳Ϊһ뷢԰ף͸̬ϴźͰЦߡ
ɨڳһۣĿںϣЦ֪λҶˣӭ٣Ѽ£
ʱѦƽæ˳ǲһݵ˵ѦƽߣλǰǶŵĺ
ԵͷһЦƺϢһȻѦƽվԼ򺫶һ˴ƺڼߵĲһˣһѣ崺ĸо
ֻ˶֪˵ġߡ־Ǻֵ˼Ҳ˵⿴Ͱ׵ͷ˴ĺ֣ĿĲ˵ȻӦͬΪĺ٣ǰӭӲסˡ
Ƕ˵ĺ֣ʮָ߹۽½һ֮󣬲Ľӭ֮Сһ³֣ʱò֪ݵ˳ԾѡٿоǸֵϢû˸Ҷ˵仰
ûע⵽ЩֺǺǵһЦƽ⣬λСѾȥιһ°ɣҸ㲦һöʯöȣλСʲôϲģǣ򲻿λС˵Сˣ
ò̵ĻѦƽæǣƽºϽһϲ˵Ƕ֪ô󷽲ǿǣǿںϣ̵ͬĽܳӣƽŹʯҲǲ١
һöʯöȱ˷֣㹻ĹˣȻС˷һѡһȻںһʯҲóǿ¶⣬ֺǺǵĵ˵ͷҲ˵ʲô˺ȥ
һʯ죬ַԴҲûʲôģϾ𵤾磬Ϳ͸нıǿΪֻ㹻ǿܹ㹻ĴҲ˵ʲôѦƽڶ֮вι
ȴ˵Ȼﲻ򣬵ȴҲǸвأʮΪͼȵȣֻҪʮֵĶǾƷ֮еľƷвʦƷʦƷҲʱ֡
ϢΪϢӲǵĶĿ⻹йĵ伮ȵȣֻҪ㸶ʯֻҪ˵ó֪ʲôŶΪν˳⡣
ڶ챦ĻǺģƷϡϣнʷϵű鱦Ƭʱг֣ɼյԴ֮
һص½صĴǻصڽ֮󣬽ŵޱϣܹմ룬һȹԪӤ٣ǿʵΪ罫С׻ѡ
̵ֻһܣоΣ٣ò̽һһ붾ţͬƽµ˵ĽѾｫ̵֪ʮ֮˾ţ뷵ڣ˵Ҫ˵Ĵݵ㣬ʱ⣬ǰһҿܲԵõĶ


ھž 챦
Ѧƽܣ˴ݵڶ֮б㻽󣬱ڶ֮жǰʮ̡·֮£һ㻨ʱŽ˴תꡣ
һ·Ŀֱ಻ʤƷƷ䱦ų֡ͬ·ݶ򵥣ʶͬѰ¶Ҫ˷ܵľ
ֻǺö䲻٣ЩǼ۸񲻷ƣһ䱦ҪʮʮʯȻвһʯҲԵЩ׽⣬Լһݶ꣬ʯ
һȦһʯþ˵ƽº϶˷ֱ𻨷ʮʯһȻɫʯһԵȴڰţǳԾķһȻڻԼʮʯ֮ó˽ʯֱ
֮ΨһŮ˼ϸ壬ɵͷʵǿΪֲȱʯֱìܣ̫ìˣǡ֪ʲôɢţǡһӵܡˣһݿʵȴģԴͻȻҲûϢ˿ֶȻè壬ҲֻЩһ㣬ϲװϷ㱣ˣһصһҪһ顣
Ȼô࣬Ҳ෬²⡣һʱͨرˣͨ˵뷨ҪЦá
ӷ֮߳Ѱ߶һټÿηؼжССģʵݣû뵽ȻǴӵܣҲ֪ϲǱ
Ҳ˵β²⣬һ·Ҳꡣƽ»ϣ¶飬ΨһȻʯȴһƺûرо
ȷʵһ˷ֲõĺö٣Ƕںѹһһԣù仨ֻۡ΢ʧǣЩãɽ٣ԼСת̶Ȼһ
òԹɫѦƽǿһһ˿ȱȱӣͷɻɻɻͽһӢĽһεˣõĻȻҪúðա
˼һתѦƽʵ֣֪Ҷ˿ɻ⣿
һԣ΢΢һЦ˲֮һֺԶѰи챦Ŀ뱦ɽ֮СĳȻʮˡ
ѦƽԵõĵ˵ͷЦҲ⻰п˵䲻ĻֵĿ佱Ҷֻ֮ҿƺЩ֪Ҳǣ
һҲΣ˵ͷ˴ֱ࣬ĳȴǲΪϧ
ѦƽͷЦֹȻǿ˿Ҷ˼Ȼԡ졯ΪȻ˵ġıȻãȴ㲻ñ˵ľһط׼ܹõҪı֪ûȤ
һҲӪ̣Ȼ̣ССֶ㲻ϣҲ̵֪Ļ
һеĻﶼ֣һǿⷷģֻҪʯͿ㣻һǻ֮еľҪȷϣΪܹʯ˫ϵﵽһ̶ȣǲóġ
Ѧƽ⿪ڣһ֪ԼлӴ˵ڲﻹȤæͷȻȺõطȻѦֶô˵ҲȥҲǲˣˣѦִ·ɣ
ѦƽһķӦ⣬ʹ֡ܶˣʾȤ֮󣬻ַųһͨʲôһͬڲȥ
󱾾ɽڿղãж˵ľʩչռֶνռչǲһ˶ʮزֻͣһűľŲ㱦ǰ
֣֣ӣǲĺڣ챦ڲ䱦ֻҪ뵽ģõ˳ۺչﻹᡣһؽǴֻѰܹ˼ˣٶԪӤ֣ѰɢԪӤֶһҲǵ˲ߵ׼ҲܴλﶨȻֵܹıˡ
Ѧƽ˵ҲԳһ˿˷֮ɫȻȵطҲġ
˲ȴкû˿谭ľͽ˲챦֮Сһ뱦Ũʱһָ컻صĸо
ƽºϻԾľʱһȴоⱦڲͬԾķⱦȻ޺׽һ㣬֮еһԻĴڡ


ھžŰ ֱʣǮ
üһôֱʣ
һͽӴ鱦ν٣ӢĽЩеľſѪ顢ͨ˿籡ն罣̲鱦ٵˮĸУ޺׽ͨνǼʶḻԶͬ٭
ֻԽǽӴ鱦Խⶫǿ󡣱Ĳ˵޺׽ûʹȻܹڸս¶·磬ǻʹ֮󣬼ֱ
һֱһҲӵһ鱦֮ǰҲԳӵˮĸ鱦ͨΪ׵õˮĸҲͷˡ
ʱȻһ鱦޺׽ȴǱǽӡֻǲ޺׽ûбոûзӡʹᱻɱ
ˣҳɾԪӤ֮ٳԽ׽ųܹ˳ãǲܹ˳뷽跨һʱըߣΪĺá
ЩͷһԺ֮иҲһ˲ƽ˺ܿƽ飬ûעһ״ѦƽȴҲԵİһĴһ˿ʼ
챦鱦Ĵڣ濴ʮɴСȴ޿㣬ⲿĲԵù١
֣֪Ҫʲôҩô챦
һһ룬벻֮㲻´ңҲʱҪϺõĻϼѵĵҩѦ־ʹȥһɣ
⻰ѦƽҲ΢΢һЦһˣֱɣʹ˳ȥ
˲ãͣһǰϹҡ¡֣֮Ǹַ£˿£ڼףףѥӣȵȲһ㣬ÿһֶȻǱԻޣЩ⻪ҫĶҪϲ١
ӪЩһ׷ߣϢȻһԪӤ֡һ˽ھܽЩɻ󣬵ѦƽԼݣ˵ǲ̻֮ͬһ
һ֮£һʮֻЩֻƷԲƷˮ׼һԶҪ˵ƷϣƷķȴûеġ
ǿһɲ㣬ѦƽԾͬʱ˵˼䡣Ƭ֮ߴӺתץһɫڼסһڼһ֣ʱһĿ⡣
ץкһһ˵Ƭϣ˿ʦֶδɣٻ๤ųһƷãܺã
һСѺܹϳвϣǴ֮˵Ĺ׶óֻǲ֪Ƿ񿴳ǧǰһʦϵ֮һס
ϵһûʲôӦƽȴǾһæ̽ڱһ̾ϵֶΡֻǵϵħڶɱһбﶼħУû뵽һȴ˵õȻǡ¡֮ơֻǲ֪ҪۼΣ
佱¶һЦָֻͷ˻˻ΣŵλСǶ֮ˣͱһ㣬Ҫʯɣ
ʯ⻰ƽº϶һ۸㹻ǲԲȲʮˡ
˭֪һûһ㣬úýһ˹˵ʯôһϺڼףǲ󣡡
˻һֵ߳Ծˣ´һһۣСѿˣ˵ʯɲʯ
һҲԷ΢΢һЦʯҪˡ˵䣬һ˳ϡ
Űɵ߽ʶ̽˽ȥһ϶ʱ־ϲæСѺֱʣʯô걦һμСˬġ
佱һҲ棬ץ𡮽סˣ׼ߣ˳Ծѯʻû
ǰʯҲ˽æȡƷϵ÷һһѵã˭룬ڽһװǧʯĴ֮Щﾡա
һص£һѦƽ߳˵棬˵Ѧִ·ǰȥҩĵطɣ
Ѧƽ⻰ֻԼЩˣǧʯ˵ԪӤʦ²ǿôࡣһȻһξôҲ˵˳ԾûаϧӣǾ͸˳Ծˡ
˵һҪǮû뵽һҾȻһ̫ˣһ·Ҵ죬ֻԽ࣬ҵĹԽߡ빺ҩҵúӴ˵ΪԭеȼҲ˵
Ѧƽ⣬Ժ֮вر¥ҩõĵطһ飬ѡһطһǰȥ


ھžž 
⺣ļʱһƾһ֮Ӫ¥̶ʱʯԶԶѰԪӤ֣ʹұȺֶá֮⣬նɱٸֵõԷƸĪ̫ӣһ˱һ˽ʯĲƸ
һЩʯףȥҲʹοһβɹһΪ˳ȹԪӤ٣ǾСףȻ᲻á̫ǾƲɼãֱӱԺˡ
ӡ¡һ˲ãһרžӪҩҩĵ档Ҳ˼¡롮¡岻ͬ¡֮ȴʱ˽ҲΪƷĵҩͬʹõķĲͬ
֣ǲ챦֮õҩֻ̣Ҫ뵤ҩйأǵҩҩģַҵ
һԵ˵ͷΪ𵤵Ĺϵ֮߳⣬ԵҩһĪĸӦһ⡮¡ǰһ˿˿˲ܲĵҩ㱻׽
ӣ˿˿Ƶĵҩ壬𵤣һոµĵҩģһҲļҩˮ׼ǿĵҩ弶ƷǿĶʮҩľȻ롮Ӥ컯һ㣬ɼ弶ƷҩǸƵҩ
ҩͬƷҩǵֲƣͨƣҪƷǻѿ±ȵҩҪʮٱﾹȻôƷҩ·µҩȻǡ¡֮ơЩɵҵ֮УȻȲƵҩЧͳ־ãܹô൤ҩĻ弶ƷҩĳɵɣԽƷҩҲǲԳһµġ
һ˼ʱһ˿ĵƮֱӴ뵤֮УɷģȻѹǰյеģƽһƳġ࡯Ԫ͡ɵɵ֮¡
ʲôҩ
һһȻ֪ʲôҩܹ弶Ʒĵҩѹȥֻ˵˵ٺ˿Ʒ֮еĶ⣬пƷҩһ뵽ԼɽٻǻС׶ҪҩһҲ룬ֱӿС
¡֮Ϊ˽϶࣬ȻԪӤ˽ӴʶӴһһ˵һ̬Ľʿ
⸻̬ʿƽӴĶԪӤ֣һнʿȴҲæǰѯҪʲô˭֪һ˵ͳһ˹ȥҪһõĵҩ
̬ʿһ㶣ҪؾȴѦƽǰŵݹȥֹ֮˵˼䡣ʱǸ̬ʿ˫۷âһͬɫǼŮһ
ҪõĵҩȻû⣬ߣõĵҩڼ䣬ѰǲܽȥģĹȻ
˵䣬̬ʿͽȥãһһķУ̬ʿҴҳȥ֮󣬱һӰװʮֻĵҩоȻö弶ƷҩľһЩҲ弶Ʒ֮еĶ⣬Ϊ˸һԶƵĶɢҲࡣ
Щҩƽµ˶̾ѣһĿĲֹڴˣȻ⡣ҡҡͷֽһӳصĴŵϵЩҩȫҪˣЩ뽫õĶóɣ
⸻̬ʿѦƽ˵һǴˣΪӹϧΥؽȡƷҩ˳뵽Ȼʹһ⣬ӣЩˡ
ڸ̬ʿΪѵʱһ洫СѺôֱʣҴˡܹĵҩҲ̶ֻȣСѻиߵ󣬲ǰȥΣ
һ䣬һ뷢׵˽Ǹ̬ʿ˴ˣʱŵͬè
㻵˹أҸóʹ㣬һΪˣξ͹֣ΪλСѹҩĹһ룬ȥɣ
ĳʹǸ̬ʿʱϲ⣬æлȥ
ԪӤʿǴ˼ƹ񣬻ɵˣҽһ֮Ҳǰ飬ֻһǷҪõĵҩڵõ϶֮ȥ
һֿ֮УۿȥһӣǸƿӣССҲвͬһЩϴĵҩϢȻ弶ƷƷҩˮ׼
ƽµΪֿ֮ҩԾʱһĿƬҲЩƿƿ޹ͣǽһṹ顣ΪǰԶѰĵҩ档


һ Ʒ鵤͵
СѹȻ֮ҡ¡õĵҩҲǱ䱦֮һСǱ˹ͣҲǲ˴ġɵ˼һЦ˵ţȻѾ֪һڡ¡Ĵֱˡ
һԣѾЩȲˣ˹ֵ˾Ͷлǰǰţҿһ۽ɣ
ȻСļҲգⱦģϵ˵ٶ಻СѿһúãˣСѿˣ
ɵҲӣ˵ͿʼתֶΣֻ˫ָһµķɺڰ׶ɫһһһ˻˻֮תһصĵҩ¶Ŀ
һɼ֮гǰ֮Ȼȴ赲ڳ˵ĿƾһöӨ͸ĵ裬֮Լɼģʱıз뵤裬ɫ˿ƵϢƮɳǵҩҩ
ѰҩΪ˷ֹҩӷҪýֶƣֻǵҩƷԽãҩԽ׻ӷνûУٺõĵҩҲûдǧġʱһöҩȻķɵҩӷ˳Ծۡ
ʱһҩƮɢҪͶҪƮҵʱǰ⻪һȻǵҩԭ·˻ȥֱѹ뵤ҩ֮С
һĻ˶ʮ־棬Ψһһ˿ϲɫһ͵󣡡
ĸ֣˶ĪԣǵɵԳԾǺһЦͷСѲǴɵӣȻǼʶ㣬˵˼Ϊöҩ˵һ͵󡣴ϹʱΪص̫ϵȻжϾ£ǰͣǧټƴʮǰɵż֮ھȻǲƪֽķӡҩֶȴǼӡ͵Ϊһ塣ҩ겻ܹѭ֮ҩӵҩƷʡʦӵ鵤˵Ǿѵõĺö
⻰һ⸽͵ĵ˵ͷǡ͵һָۣǵҩ֪鵤ʲô֣ʲôЧǰָ㡣
ϵһ͵󲢲ȤӣҲ˵㿪ʼ鵤
ԭöҩһоһƷҩ˵ôʮּ򵥣ҲʮǿǾܹڼ̵ʱ˻ָȫԪǷڡҲ˵ôһöܹһڸںľʱ˲ָ״̬
Ҫ֪ߵΪԽߣȼԽߣӵеʵҲԽǿָͬҲԽԽѡһ㣬ȻֻнΪȼ̫ߣƽʱ̫󣬻ָԪҪ弶ϵĵҩǻļҩûʲôá
ˡȻܹѸٻָڸֵԪЧֱáˡֶݡЧ̫һҲֻƷӦ߼Ʒˡ
굤ϵĽܣһϲޱ˼Ƭ̣˾ʵǰ֪˵ҪۼΣ
һȻҪ˵ɵҲ¶һ˿ϲɫһЦСѹȻ˿ȻСҪ˵ϵҲ˵ЩģôϲÿˣöҪСһǧʯΣ
һǧʯһԣԳһ˿֮ɫ
ϵһɲһתǺһЦ⣬ϵҿСѶʱҲòϴ˵ֻҪС´˵Ҿһ͵СѣСѱڴţ֪СΣ
ڣˡ͵ôһ󵾲ͷһŵ˵ͷӦ
ϵ״һһ㣬æʩչֶν͵󡯺͡һͬȡ˳Ƚ˻һ״Ҳ˵ȡһǧöʯ˿
һöƷ鵤õ֣һ㣬͵뵤ϵ̸ҩһʴ̵棬Ҳ˲١һּۻһһӡ¡ʮö弶ƷҩԼһöƷҩ֮⻹˸ĵ͵
˰գһһ˲Ŵӡ¡֮˳ǵϵ۰Ͱ͵͵ſڣɼһһҲ˲Сĺô
ˡɡ£ʹѦƽ֪ƽûбȡ¡õĵطȻˣҲûмȥ챦һȦһȦȻûмֵߵĴڣȴҲǲ٣Ҳһ˽ǧʯ
ŻȥǧʯһҲòˣŴ׼ȥֻǾҪ뿪챦ʱӰǰ赲ǵȥ·ǲߺͺ


һһ ͵֮
Ȼ֪ΪζһҲҵǹĽһ񡣲һֺǺǵģֻһȴעһϡ
ΪದһʯҲԵúףû뵽СѵǵʯСѼЦˡ
⻰˶ʱΪһҲǣһһ˳ֱǧʯǶһСɽôһֱʣ˵ԪӤ֣ѰֶһŪóһȻҪһˡ
˸֣һڲҲû̫η壬¶һ˿΢΢һЦǰЦˣСżȻЩô׬Щʯ˼ڶ̲࣬סְˣû뵽ǰǰ¡
ԹһЦСѿˣҶ̣Сľٺòĺ£ѡҵԸÿ춼һ£඼⡣һγһҪúÿλ꿡壬Ҫⶫ㣬ϣСЦɲǣ
˵䣬ַ̧ųһöƵš졯֣һֶһ桯֡
ƣƽԾ֮ɫѦƽ⾪һ漶һҲⶫʲô
ԭǶһֱзŹרŴݵĶһһµΪǲܳй𵤸֮еܹСԪӤ֮е붦пܳС桯ٵľǺֳС𡯼
ͬܵĴȻͬͼġܹõԪӤԽӴĴܹһۿۣ桯Բ룬챦ȴڣۿ۽ڡ𡯼֮ǰȨܹж˵ٺ»Ǿ͵ͬ˹һĴڡ
ֱӽ漶͵һϣȻǧʯԭһ״Ҳƴǣһл˹Ѽ֮һһȥˡ
һȥıӰЦݲڵΪֶڴӵ̫ߣû뵽̶һ첻֤һˣҲ׼ˡ
ǺһЦҲ̫ǫǶһսҲῴʲôͬ˲ָ֪ʮ飬˵þ콵Ӧ֮˰ɣ
Ӧ֮ˣĸ֣üͷһ֪ʲôƬ֮ŵӦ֮ҲգӦ֮ҲãҵȶڽУܶȹȥɵҲǿڣǹȥ𡣲ֿ֪ɿҵĽ飬Ҳ֮λֻǼҶˣΪ䳤ϣ
Գһ˿˵ͷˣˣ٣ΪṆ̀ﻹʲôţ񲻹ɥ֮ȮѣȻԸҲʲô䣬ֱ˳ϣҲãֿ֪Ը¼
֪кĴ𰸣ЦŨͷʦܿˡ
áʦܡ֣Ҳǵõ˴𰸣ֻһ䡮ʦ֮֡üͷһʦ֣Сһ˵Ȥˡ
ԲΪЦЦʦܿҪְæҿǻǲˣȻʦܶ˵СӦ֮ˣʵǲͽԼǣϾ˲Ǻѳġ
⻰ҲȻĵ˵ͷһЦȺ󽫶ݹͶ챦ȥˡ
ȴ˵һһ֮صŵķ֮У²һֹκ˿֮ͣ
һչıﶼ˳ֱӶһСɽҫ۵ĪһöƷġαƷٴξһƷ䱦ǷҩͼֻǸֲϣһ㣬ǵҪĶڡ
Щһ沿ɫ̧־ͽǽ͵֮е˹ϵǣȻӡ͵֮ȡ˳ýƷӡ˱һߣСġ͵󡯸
һһ̾һϹŴжϾúöʧߵñʶ˵ˣȱͱ֮ĴƷð͵ķʽõ
˵䣬һ̧һķ촽΢һ׵ɹ׭Ʈ˳ջһƪ̶ֵ̰Ͷ롮͵֮Сһѵ죬͵Ĺ־ȻʹȥһȪˮĶ͵Ĺ⻪


һ ڵ
ԭһڿ⡮͵󡯵ĵһ۵ʱϳ˱˲õıֻǻȻϱֳ̫ȤӣһܹݵֶΣȻƭϽĵɵˣôһð͵ķõ
ⱻġ͵󡯣һǹһ˿Ц⣬̾Ȼ̫ϵ͵󡯣ȻЩȱʻڣֻû뵽ⱦⵤֱǴСáңǻԵɺУ춨˵ڤڤ̫֮ƪ򣬿Ҳϲô˱ĺôҵһϢ֮иպС͵󡯵ô÷˭֪ⶫʱ򣬲ⵤڵġ
˵һٴνԪ͵֮Сˮ⻪ʱɶɢ
ͬʱон𵤾Ȼһÿÿһԭӯ͵Ľ𵤾΢ɲһ֣ͬʱԭΪ֮ԲԪɷ֮һ飬ûм٣Եʵ
ñȻ͵֮ơϹŵΪⵤƣ֮ЧڵǸڡ͵̫ϵصĵɴطħ𵤣бʲôɵҩáһҪһɼ̴ʿԪԳԪӤȷȻǽݾȴȻвٱ׶ˣħõ͵İԷĴ󵨵֮Ҿ㲻µֻҪõ֮󽫽ԲϾʱԪӤĻɣûб׶ˣǿΪ֮
һͷϲ֮⽥ѹҲæŽ͵ڣϾⶫԭ棬ǴӶеõԷûжʲôֽţйأȻݲ
˵У֮Զˣ̫ϵϢϢصġ̫ƪΪ㻨ҹݲŽ͵ȱ©룬Ȼ󻹱ȲϹʱ̫ϵԭ棬дȴҲ˲ֹһ
˺ֻһʱ䣬һŽ͵ȫڣս֮ϡʱ֮Ӧһɹ͵֮֮Уͣع̽𵤣ϴˢʣʹһÿʱÿΪʵڻ֮С
һ֮һųùõƽµ˵ȴΪ֮²òȥֻѦƽ⡣ȻѦƽ෬һҪصҲϾȥ
ȴ˵һ˶˵Ĳһ·ڷȥһ·˳ɳʮȴ·
˵ݵҲСȻһԪӤֺʮʿԭǲ֪õϢ˵һڶ౦۰Ͱ͵ĵ˴졣һַ֣ǰ
룬һһ𵤵ӣԪӤֵĽٷǰֻܹԹԵĽˡ֪Լٵһ
һ޺׽Ӱ죬Ȼ糣˼Ѿɱϡ׶ԷĿ֮һЦ˵¶ɱ˵Ľ档
ȻʵɱԪӤڻûѶȣȴû֮ģȫԸ֮£ͨռ֮˳Щٷͬвˣɱһ㣬˼նнʿԻһʱ䣬ҲԪӤٷ˸ʡ
ʰЩˣһ¼·ֻǲ֪˭˹Ϊ֮Ϣӽһңһ·ϾȻνٷˡֻЩٷȴҴˣǿһжֻһ֣Գ˵һʱ⣬ǸЩǮơ
һ·ϣһתԾ֮Ҳʱʮ֮ڣӴֱڵⲿɽûаٷ˵ӰɼΪ֮һҲǲɵġ
һһһζһ˻صš֮ǰӵʱֻܵ棬¥ܽȥһΣΪ𵤸֣ȴʸö쿪ġ
ǰ㰴شֶνԼ𣬻һǴɽ֮СȻƬ̣ǰΪһͻȻֳ֣֮еľɫͬʱһҳʮɵ¥ҲĿ˳
ȾԭЩɽµڵӶʱбʦַأÿԽأõȴʱ䣬һ׷׷ֻȴϴǾһԡ
ȻûãһɳƵ¥֮д˭Ҫ붴죬
һԣңңһݵϣһҪţͨڡ


һ ټ
һŽ𵤵Ҷǵãƺûϵִ¥ĳϣڽĵӶҪжϡ
ϣʮǰȡΪ鵢飬Щʱ䣬ǰӽҵ𵤣˴λһǽ񣬶߱µǼᡣ
ŶȻ֮𵤣ŵӾӦ𵤣ԪӤΣͷֻбɱġȻ˵֮н𵤣Ϊ֮⣬ϢƶϴǱϾͷɣ
һ䣬¥Ϲ⻪һתԭ赲ĹĤ㽵һ״һлȥСʱ˳糵Ӳŷ׷׳ʾƷ¥ǰһ볤ϵĶԴǶڶУͷһ½𵤵Ľѡ
붴죬λϵָ֮£һһصɽȥƹܵĳϣ㱨Լ𵤵顣˭֪ǰ̴ݵϢѾһˣִµӳѾ׼һУ͵һǰұעһǰˡ
ʱ䣬һ׵ڶһ£꺫ϱһȥĵȥ٣Ҳõȴɷʦţʹ϶֮һ·˹ȥ
ǽ޳֮Ϊ޽򽣵һλȻΪһЩ鵼ΪͣͲǰʵҲǲɽڳ֮ǲͣٽɽһϣ׷塣
һ˲ãԶԶľͿ׷ڡֻǻû½ȥһ׳
һû뵽֮оȻ⵽һ̽ȴ¶һ˿Ц׳绯͵˹ˣ֣뽣϶ʱһ׹⽣׳ȥ
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˵䣬콣Ҫǿһ״Ȼ壬ȴԸȥ꣬æЦʦ٣ѵʦ־ӭʦܵô
ʦܣǳ콣еʲôɢԳֽ׳˶ӣһĽ⾪һʦܣô
׳Ǳһһ뺫µ˭ˣһҲɢ⣬¶ȷʵһʱһЦͳһļ˵
ʦܣȻ㣬Ҵ˵޳ɽ𵤼طΪҪʮ£û뵽վͻˡʮ㶼ȥȥˣʦһˣżʱ䶼Ҫ׷壬˵˶ûУұ
һͱԹһǵû÷귴ͷһů΢΢һЦʦһ˳ȥɼطʦּˡ
ͣ±Թƿһ´һ˼˵ʦвʮؾ𵤣һ飬ȻʦڱչأҲԾô򵥵ľ͹ˣʦټЩʦܽӷϴΣ
һû뵽ڿ£ȻںЩȴҲԸӣֻܵͷл
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һ䣬һһεĿǰһΪ˸ԼӷϴΪ˻ˮġ
ʦ̸ֵɵʱ򣬺ƿ֮ϬХȻ˿׷ǳϵֱ˽
⣬ŻƤЦʱһ࣬ٴһ㡣һ֪߲ƣԷǽΪ˿壬ǿЦƵ˵ʦֵǲ֪ʦһȻӷϴˣ
һ٩Լɵýı£ҡҡͷʦܣɲǿЦʱǼɲӷģҷͷġ
һܿԭԴʮǰħս֮ʢзǵûֹʱս䣬ֻҪŵΧ֮ڡ
һԭܱʵڱﲻȥԷڵ֮ʱһƴֻ߳ͬͬҪ˳ۣ⣬ʱսȻսҲԲӦһҲͰˣλӦϾͺѹҵסջҪӦ
µڶ࣬ʢ֮һ󶷣һСÿնеƽʱ϶Ȼǽӷϴսġ


һ ƣ
    ϲͿʮٽ飬ʢУȻƻ˺гγȫɴʹñŵӶ̶ʱ֮ӵ㹻Ķ飬ٽʱ㹻ȥӦԡ˿ʮ֮ǰһħսȻƲСҲ˵һǺսʱһȺֶȻЩС˼ѵħսҲʢһΪĥµӲɣ
    һСɣ춨νǶǻ֮ţ䲻˵Ʋ΢֪һҶ֪ȴҲеġͨһ龹Ȼͽϲ˼Ʋð˾ŲʮͬʱͷתͷѰ¶Լжʽ
һ˼ʱѾɽһǼҲûһֻʦܣϴδͽ̣Ϊֿν࣬ӦԼлλһеʦ֣˵ʦֶθ߳Ҳһ֪ʦܿԸӦ
һҪͱ䣬αػ˵ôϻϴνѵ㻹μȻҾٸһѵ֪ʦڱչ֮У׷̤
ϴðû´ʱɫѿһȻǾͲҪҾ岻ˣʦ֣ʦֽ֣ѵѵˣֻҪŪҾ嶼¡
ʦܷıǣǽ𵤳ڵΪαȵùҽڵΪҳֽʰʦֶس־ǡ
ʦܣֺαظΪأҳ֣λʦһѵˣַˣúϳأʦͬϿɲÿ
ٺ٣ʦͲ֪ˣλϵ걾Ƿ߳ʱȴˣò׵֮ˣҲ²Ϊá񼸰ȥԪ쾡űչأôͻƵģҿ˵棬ʱ׷嶼ҪգﻹʲôϹȥ
Աŭŭһ󵨣ʦãǲôɣĳ㣬㣬㣬㣬һҲУһҲУĳȫҷҪѵѵǣ֪ʲôʦص
⻰ɫһϲҵδ̫λʦһ˾ܹſ£һϣҪأ
ԹȻܼŭңߣƾһ÷ΪֵܵùгһϰɣһһҪһ
ãããȻôҪһʦֵҲͲˣʦ֣ʦ֣ȻʦҪһսˣǾͲҪˡ
ŶʦôǾͲ
ô񣬾ʹһɣ
һ־Ҫݽ𣬵ʱȴһסһ˵ʦ֣˼ȻʦȻʦһ˳֣ʦһͬսɣ
Ϊһ𵤳ս㣬һһᶨһս𵤶ʤֻܸ֮ǿܱһЦһļãֵϽʦֵܾһĶԵС
ߣΪһֵܵô֮ҽձˣ첻˭æ˵ˡλʦ֣ϰɣ
ʦܣĽңСʦܴ
һ֪ά֮ģҲԣ˵ͷʦֵܶһֱ֣ͬԼĶɱȥǾɽҲ㲻׷׽ֶμӭ˳
Ϊ̫ףһΪѹƵ𵤳ڣӳʵҲһ˵ͬ𵤳Ϊ
νмһ֣֪ûСẠ̊́һһ·ɱֵĸֵ֪˶ٳսۣѰԪӤ˶ḻм֮емˡ
һ֣ͷǱֳǰáһ˲ͷųϰٵȻûһͱǺԼ̵Ҫǿһ֣˵ԪƷʸߣˮǴߡ
һóۣԵĲۣ˵⿴۵õȥȻнڸ֣ڽ𵤳֮Ҳǿˡ
֮лûһ˲ŷֲ𣬱ΪȻССܱȣҿνĴɿҲһֻشٽԽԽܽѳˮĸǿ˹ȥܷ񱣴棬Ҳ˵顣ɴ£Щ߲ϹźãҾ˳Ӧǵ˼ǵ⣬ܹڴ֮ǰõ㹻ĺôʵʱ٣ԱĻᡣ
뵽һ˫΢УŶ治ͷŷҪԼһЦȻˣǾͳΪҵĵʯɣ


һ ȡ
׷ϣݺύбһΪáֻ֮һɫӭƬõĹ֮ǿͬǶƬӰ೤ͱˡ
һ콣ȻԵ̫ɽһµӡֻݺᣬȻһ֮ѹ˶ˣһʱ֮䣬һǿ󹥻¶š
ֻȻռϷ磬ͷȴȡΪԼ֮ǿΪ䳤ﲻƵķ˲ıԼԽرһȥƽ˥ͻ·硣
һսΪȻ˲佫ȫȻһӾͽΪһ̫ɽӸѹ
ϧǣԶȻڵǷȱʵȴһ㲻Ȼվ·磬𣬵ȴûκʵʵˡҶڽ޵ԣֻͬһӱȥҪǰ涪óӸһ
ĴԪҪӳǿսʱһĽԱߴԶͬʱȥĳʱǾȵסԼڽ֮С
ֻԭƵ׷ϣһɳճڲͬĶǣͷβҫ۵⣬Ƭһ㡣ϸȥŷ֣ʲôۣÿһ綼һ⣬ÿһ˸ĶǷޱȵâ
ͷվһǰͬޱȵʱҲԼ֮УӦʱȴɶҲҶΪģֻΪоֻҪԼ׼֣·ûɣһͷ޴ޱȵĽͻὫԼû
ʲôҲͰˣôֻܷ˶Ľ⣬ϰҸоÿһⶼʮǿ󣬱˵ʮҶֵס
յӾĿͷյԣҲ֮ͬ⣬ȻͷǶв֮С
ڶ˵ľ֣ǾϲӣٲˣһݣŽת˼ȦŷɵͷһϲĻ
ʦܣɹˣ㾹Ȼĳɹˣʦչ֮ǰ˵һܹ޽򽣡û뵽ȥʮ꣬𵤣ӽͽȾ磬ʦһĻ¶Ҫ֪˵ʲôˡ֪ʦ㾹ȻﵽһΪֶĽýأ
һ˵ͷʦֹСܲǻԵɺ֮½ͻưˣлҪлʦ̵ʦأһл⡣ʦҲʺ磬ʦϤĽ̵ͻһҲңԶ顣
ҡͷЦѣ˿һԵˣǹһ˿ЦȻʦֶΣһξʦһ˳ֺˡþһΪʦܽӷϴ˳С֪׷Ҳûи򡣡
һ˾ٵΪչʵø߲ӣ飬Ȼû飬ͷǡ㽫һֻպյĽȻ͵һšʱһΪͷСͳܡԡȥ
ͱ˶ʱ֪ãΪڵӣƵǣǴ˿̲սӣ¼ȫպ󴫳ȥҲ̧ͷˡ
ʦܣʦܣ˺ͲŶһˣ
ԽǿᣬԽ࣬Ӳǽ𵤳ڣǲӲֱӺˣ
ãǺʱ֪ҷһɽ
ȹͷҲľģһȻһ򵥵Ϣͨ˲ݻǧ
һͨ󿪣˼ȻԪƴģҪչ¶ʵοԸһһתԭӴ͵ͷȻû˵Ͼ˲һʵʵĽ⡣
ӭϣһзֵһ棬һ˲䣬գۼǰ
ҪɱңϢĸоһһ·ɱ¾õȻȻĶĳ£֮Уһܲ˵ļˣȻûогҲΪͬоǰĽвԼ
ڽƿзһҪƿǵʱȻͻȻͣһ˵ģȻʦͬһȻҪǵֻǳЩͷȻٲ˵ˣڴ϶ٸ²ʦ־ˡ
ԣ¶Цݣܡԡͷð֪һӲˣΨһϣܹһ档
˭֪ȤĿһۣ˵һһʵĻʦܸջʹһڴʮ°ɣ


һ Ƚ
ʱ֮󣬼׷һεĽȴǹؾأ㲻š֮⼸ⶼ׷ȥȥʱԵЩҡҡλΣƺʲôͬʱԼкʹҽͽ
⼸һǷʦǻгӣ
ȥĶݹѵ˵šԭȥǼǾܡԡ˵ġ˱һ˵ԲֻѡƤҪԼͬʦֵܺȻȥ
һĻݸһЦȷʵˣνҲڴŵʱټ°ˣǳԵĿͷȴһġ
ˣˣҲùҪҪˣߣʦһʹУһ˽ӷϴ٣һҪ˶ϣʱʹʹĺһһǲʹأ
˵䣬һ׷ȥ׷ϴʱֻкϡһ˾סںƽϲɼұԺ޻ҽֻ˵׷ϱʹͯӶûаҲ˵û˵ˡԵˡ
׷ԺпյԺܶ࣬һһľıס죬ľСԺ򳹵ʧȥյľֻΪһĻطĴ£ѷ׷ӷϴ
Ǭɽشصǰɽ͢񣬳ϻҲǰأŹɽٸЯǰɽһǵ֮Ե޳ɽ𵤵Ļǰ̫ɽһǵһͬФɽǰ
һ˻һãֻΪһһļᶨͬʯҲЩжһգ粻ݣֱ˾顣
˺һͽԼڷʱ䣬Ҳ֪ĵЩʲô֮ɫ΢΢ЩѿҲȥǼ𽣹⳯ɽɽڣȥ
һǽһ֮޲ԽΪڶں֮£ûԸӽΪ֮ĹĽڣһٽڣȻһ壬÷⡣һ½⣬нС
Фһǰݼϴͼһ棡
һǰȻΪλϹһΣȴûӦ𣬲е֡ҪĴεʱƾһռڶ𣬹¡һ¾ͽȥˡ
Ƭ֮һٴγʮûн｣ڣ֮СȻʱʮأǵСʿΪʵԪӤĸ֣ȴ˿Ҵ֮ġ
ΪΪԽߣԽܸеϵ˵ģǸղǿռڶҲ˵ûвҲ㲻ʵͱзڸֻҪࡣ
ѵϲǷڸ֣ѵǴ˵еĶɽڸ֣ߡ
ʱһϤ˼·СӣʮûлطԭȻͺ˼룬ѵôҪҴϷϵײɣ
ͨһʱһҡҡͷ֪ⲻͨǽϽﵽ£Ľ֮в춨֮һܹЩ΢֮ܣͨȻв𣬵¶;ͬ飬ͬĴӵͨҲ
һҪ˼ýϲܶȡ˼ʱ򣬽ϵٴδߣСӣ÷˼ˣϷö뷨ֻû뵽̶ʮʱ𵤣ɽɷӣΪԲ벽ˣѵãѵá
˿佱һ̫⣬⽣϶˵һֱһʦȴΪصĴڣԼڽǰزסҲûл֣̿΢΢ϲǣٴο˵һԾĻ
СǸ̬ʵ˵;ϷҲضˡֻһǸõȴԵòֵһˣϷǧ꣬ҲһǧŲ͸һ˿Ҳǿôһ㣬Сӣ˵˵㵽ȥʲôطʲôô
⻰һȻνʵָĵСڵεҲǺͿһζһͲˡ֪飬˵ǹ˹صãǰȥǺˮĸ˵Ȼйϵȥ
֮󣬽ƺҲΪһһ˾ԾƬ̲˵Ҳ˵ʮǰ飬ֻû뵽ˮĸȻǿ˹ܽһħ;ƿݣӡҲ
һ仰˵ڣһƺе֮еĲ֮⣬뿪Ȱο䣬ȴٴοڡ
ˣСӣҲطʲôϷ򼴱㲻ˮĸҲòο˵գҹèӽլ²ˣʲôϷ˵裬Ϸͽ߳ȥ˵䣬һڶƾɣƺҪһ߳｣ڣ˼
һʱЩЦã֪ȻĲϣҲ˵һҲϻæӻһëף׻Ķ뽣ϾʩԮ֣


һ ϶
ףǣԣѰȻһɾԶϢȻϹѪβĩᣡҲһ۾ͿС׵ݡ
һϲҪ֪ЩҲԹøֶξСף弶Ʒҩ꣬ǡҲԹվֻǽС׵ָãȴûа취ѡŰٰ㲻͵ǼϣڽܹæһϳСȻϲ
Բ˺Ϲ޾βĩᣬǵӵġѣһˮĸһУΪҵֵһҸӳ취ȴûаܹԲѲţʩԮ֣Ӹм
һ˵СޣȴԼûнС׵ޣֻѶִ档
һ⻰üͷûд𻰣󷢳һߵ˵ģСǷҵĻôӦϷ黹ûˣѵô
һɫ΢죬ȷʵ罣˵һ·ʵǣȫԼʵͻԵȴ֪Щ벻ڽڣ֮нΪµĻ
ûŰûнһûоתԵٸߣҲûãСгɾȴǰδ󣬱ƤٺҲЩһʱ䣬һ빲СףһжĽϣһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ҲһΪѣƬ֮ȻѵõСӣ֪ϷΪʲôⲻյĽڣ֮Уȴȥô
һû뵽ϾȻԼ⣬룬ֻҡͷӲ֪
㲻֪Ҳ֪Ҿ͸ɣ֮Ա⽣ڣ֮УȴΪΪ˼ݲðɳӣƽҪܣħҪɱɱ̫أʹزݣŲò
زݣ
һһ֪ħɱ¾̫زݶٵĴڣԼҲΪϹŹǵزÿһ㶼ٽ¡ˣѰģеΪɱ¾زݣѵóһˡ˿룬֪жħڽϵĽ¡
֪ϷΪʲô㼲𣬱֪زҲҪдôΪϷħвĳԹ⣬һСħϣΪг֮󣬸ǼħΪ֮£ƲҸ˵ôЩף
˵ԽԽ󼸺Ǽޱɱ⣬һþɳ֮ҲľѣҲΪɱҪ¾ħ˼
ļᶨҲʹֶΣкܿͻָ̱Сףᶨĵ˵ͷСףҼҳԨ纣ֻ𣬲ò뱾ſʵ㹻Żطˡң£ҽޱɫСҲȰ˷顣ֻСξˮ֮УΪҳҲܲȻϲȣСҲֻѰֻ뽣ϷģӦ֮£СӶȻ˵ġ
˵꣬һСףһţһ˫¶˫Ტ£һֻһͨеĿռѷǰתͷ彣ڣ뷽һݣҪת߽ռѷ֮С
һĻЩԾһһҪѷǰһ̣һռڶѷϳ֣һֱӽѷʧ
Сӣһ⺣֮кôСȻõôһ˫пռͨĳΪȶҵĽڣ߾ߵĵطôҪ߾ߣͷɣ
һһ㶣뵽ǰ˵ħĳ޲ɵһ˲ֽСջز˵ʶͨ⣬ֻҪԲʮ֮˿紵ݶ˲ν֡
ٺ٣СӣҶ֣ǺãϷһ㵽׳˶ٰɣ
һ䣬ֻһƾᣬͷ㳯һնһ׼һϡһǽ֣Ȳֻ⣬Ҳʩչӽǽӭȥ
ԣһ֪Ϲ֮еϹǿ֮еǿߣ㲻Ҳ˽һʼͽȫŹӳ֣Ԫɷ֮ͨȫһڻֽС˫ײһ𣬶ʱըû𻨡
֣һˣԵýжȣԼ֪һУЩĸо˵һж෴һܹĸоһֻ൱
ͬǣһ֮ڻ˽ϱ޽Ľͽ֮ͬ£һӳһʮҲˣʹΪıһѣ佣


һ 佣
ŶԷԵĳһͷ΢΢һæתڲеĵҩҩ˹һ֮󣬺ܿͽܵЩ޲ȫָһҲûܹС߳⽣ڣ
ЩҵʵѾ˰ٱǧֹϸҵĸоԨһ㣬ӲƴӲ˵佣Ľȥ飬С뽣Сʱ򣬾㽣ϲɱҵҲû취ҲܽѹˣһҲûʲôˮĸУСңҲ˳ŵ鷢ҵ׸ôźáţ佣ϴʱֶǵ佣һޣֻٲǵңԽʵҶˣҿ취˵ûãΪСףˣϿɲҪҰ
һھ֮ʱԺ֮кһ˿ǻۻ𻨣ڴǧ֮ͬҳһС·ȻһȴǾһԡ
ǸеһϢı仯һСӣٸһλᣬٽҾͷȥ͸һɣ
һԾȻһգһֵϣС״ײϣϼ£ֻС׷ǵѣҾˣǾʹ˽㣬СһСˡһСˣѵ˵Ļô˵ǧ֮ɣЩʦ棬ٻͥ飬Ҳʲô˰ɣ
һ㶣һʲô˼ѵвϷ򣬻˵Ҿɱ㲻ɣ
һ֮еɱ⣬æֵˣС˵ʵˡСһǶͬĽһҵľˣ߶岻ȫʵСһ鲻֪Ͽɷһ
ߣСӳȥһ˲Ϊӣǻ˼Ҳ˲٣ȻлҪǾ˵һڴ𲻴ӦͿϷ˲ˣ
һ뽣϶ĽӴ֪˵仰ڿˣͷһϲæڵСܹڽϹв佣ǳʦԽСһԣǳɹ뽣СӴСȥǳʦ񣬲֪
ߣԭСӴ⣬ãܺãǳӲҪԼˣȻˣϷ͸ᣡ
СӶлһϲѣҪڵл˭֪û˵ͱϴϡ
ȲæлϷȻȣɹˣҲȥֻС꣬ʧܣС궼ҪֱϷԪľһλȻģȻҴĲֻͬһλᣬɴӦ
ţһǰһ仹ϲĲֻһҪͲüͷһ仰ʱͷһ
Ϊ뷨ǽԼ֮е©뽣ԽһβڶΣ׼֣һطʮ궼û⡣һÿдָпĳһҳɹһá
ֻǽϲϹＶĴڣΪ֮ӲԼǻ֮Ԩһһ룬ôһżһ֪Ѷˡ
һͷ˼Ƭ֮󻺻̧ͷһݵ뽣ϴͽ̣
ãСӣȻˣϷҲ˵ȥͿԼıˣѾǵһϷĵڶ㿴аɣ
˵䣬ͣڿеĽٴתһνֻһ൱ƺҲͬĳ̶ȣǽͽȴǱ䲻ȡ
һֻǰһƺԼĸͲһһƪ£֮иʽ֣ÿһֶһ׽һ׽ƽͣɱ˿Ѫħ졭
һһ׽֮У缢ƿʵѧϰЩĪĽͳȫĵĶʱֻʮ죬Ҫȥȴĵһ˿׻ѣʱǽֻߣһ˲ܽնڽ¡
ãһһԼԽһ֮ռ֮ͬʱӲһ˲佫ƽɡ
һ򷨣
ŭһͷһ׼õֶʩչİ򽣹ͬˮк˲Ϣݻǧÿһֻ۹һӾ޴ĽڽϵĽǰ
ٺ٣ͽһ򷨣ҪЦˣϷʾһ򷨰ɣ
һ䣬ϵĽͬһͬǰ⣬˲Ϣ֮һӴĽ󣬾ȻһĽѹüֱ
һϲȻ뼴Ľ֮С


һ һ
һХӽ֮дԭҪĽȻѸڲݶȥգۼܲ͸ĽԵϡʱſӰһ˫ֳֽ
ڣ֮кһǽ϶һǵû̷ǽԼġһ򷨡ͣڿУƺҪһС
һ򷨣򽣣򽣹һ
һģ󽣾һһ䣬ÿһ䶯ý׷ջأһһֳڣд֧ŽǼܵĽͬʱ£ڷֱ׷׻ϳ֮С
һ򷨣ƣ
һơֳڣһǽ϶Ϊһ˽һ壬Ϊ֮Ψһףƻ֮񡣽է˴ֱӳ뽣ϲõĽ֮У֮ûһֵܹգۼͽɡһ򷨡Ľƻһɡ
Сӣ겻˵һ˵û뵽ǵˡһ򷨡ˡһ򷨡ãϷҲУ⡮һ򷨡㶷һèֶܲҵġһ򷨡䣬޾
һ뽣󣬶ʱ÷𣬵ܿЩӭĽȻ׷ױܿǾȻһһȷֻزǿ˲Եơ
һԴ˲־壬Ͷ뽣֮УƾһӲƴżȻˡһ򷨡һ˿򷨵һ壬޼᲻ݣﲻƵһԽϸǿһĽڶϾҪͶ
ֻ罣˵һġһ򷨡ȻЩҪġһ򷨡ƴǲһξ롣Ȼһƿһ뽣ʱϽѾƵ߳ɵʱ򣬽⳹ը飬¶ǽı
ϼ״Ҳ֣ʹʣɽҪɱ˲һ˫֣͵һһɿռ֮չȻӲקһʧɱýʱһա
һȴǳڽ֮ǽһϬ⣬ֻǱǰġһ򷨡Ҫ࣬Ȼֶû͸ɢֽһӣˮһ㱼кȻٴνһ򷨡ʹ
ԭһ򷨡ȥ߳Ľһֶһ壬һը촫Ƭ֮󣬿н⾡ɢԳһһһͽʹĽ⡣ڶľȻӲһʹƿ˹ȥ
ֻƾմԴŭСӣ˵ǶȻѵϷɱô
һսȻƴһУ̶ʱ侭˸ǿȵսȳ˶һҲЩܲסýһ߽Ϣƽϼһ˿Ц
ϣд亱еĽиˣǽԽභȡʤ쿪˵ǽϵĲˣСʹֶΣҹһҲһĻϼ²ǰ
һһĻϰûгһߴһ֪ͬⷬ˵ǣæлѡ
ߣ˵ĲǽƾӮϷȷʵǲܡϷҲǲ棬ҪʲôֶαþǣֻϷȴҲ֣ԼΪ֮ɣ
о潣ϽһնɱһеĽ⣬һͷһݣ֪⻰ڣ޵ķʸһӵڶô򵥣ֻǴʱѾﻢ£һٿֲҲֻдһˡ
ԽԽǿĽ⣬һͷǵңһ־侲״̬۵ĵڵ״̬£һתҩԪ޲ͬʱʶͷһĴССսͷתһ顣
һӡɱ񣬷ɱ𡯵Ľ죬һ·һɭȻ𣬾Ȼһ޵֣ͶڣΪĽһ
Ҳݵһֹ˵СӣȻϷġ˽ħƪ򣬲˽롮򽣡ͬѧվԼģϷ飬ϷŲϰɣ
䣬ҲֹһԼҲϵ־ԽԽ񡣲һͬⲢԵĽ֣Լ֣γһƪ¡
һһһʱ䣬ǧ֣ÿһֶһɽһ׽һʱ䣬оԼԶǿ󣬵һܹһѰȫ
ʱ򣬽ʹĽͬǧĽ֣ұһʵҲһѾ㣬ͣ¼۽֣һѰ䵭һɣ
һ䣬ǧһ廯һСħ֮Ľ壬뽣֮УȲ仯ҲѸĳһɱ


һһ ˽ָ
һǰĽ⣬ͷϲޱͺһҲ߶һǧӭȥһһײȴ˫ײһһʱ䣬ڣʱƺ
һħľʡʡֵסһǧֽģѹƵͷԭһǽĽľԵôʱļ
žһ죬Ȼһöֱӱ顣˵һܿеڶһϵĽͬһ㣬žžĲѣƬ̱ʮöɢ
һ״æǿӳ֣ʱŨĽɷ֮ӽɷ֮зӿ⽣֮Сĵ˽ɷʱ⻪תʵ˲٣Ȼֵסϡħĵѹ֮ơ
ϼȻҪһһô򵥣ħ֮·ɵƪ£ǰһƪĻ˳ӦˣնħĴ壬飻һתֻһƬزݣ׳ң
ħÿÿһתһּ˶ǿĽ⣬תΣһЩǿšɵĽĶʱܲסЩ任Ȼֿʼһգۼ侹Ȼɡ
һЩˣʱ轣ڣƬطɽѾӣһžֶӲƴһƣȴɲǽϵĵֻ֡ǴʱҲֻһתɷ֮ǿģסĿܣһ߽Ժ֮˼
⡭ġΪҡ޽Ϊңһ򽣣վǽҡ߲һͬɡ򡯲ɡˡһͬ˽˼ԭˣҪ˽Ҫ˼⣬֪ˡ
ΣͷһȻӺѧͽϵѹ֮¾ȻһУ˽֮ȻһԵ
ת⽣ѵ룬ֻʣ¿߰ʮöڿ֧ţӷҲǳ顣һ״üͷһ˼ת÷ɿ죬ŵĥǧ飬ڽֻʣʮʱ˶Բߡ
ҼȽңΪ⣬
һ䣬ֻһüһɫ⻪ܿһ谵Ľ֣ϸȥſִ֣Ϲŵɹ׭֮д֡
һĳ֣ԭңң׹нֱУԭ谵彣ȴһ֡ƮƮ𳯽ϵġħľȥȻһǿֵסǱ任޳Ľƪ¡
ϼһףǰһȻӳԾ֮лһ˿˼ĸо
ôô죬̫˼ˣѵ˵ҲǽĽɣҲգ벻ǣϷһԾ֪ˣ
ħǶȻһ䣬ƪ¾ջصͬʱһŤȻֳǰڶһϤġء֡⡮ءһ֣ʱɷ֮ͳһͷֽѹ˹
֮ɷ֮ɷϵ괫ҵҲ⽣ҲǴ˵еɷֻʮɷʮһһ˽˽ȴУΪʲôôϤѵ
һ޵еһʲôȻһת˱ܿȥǻץֽľǽ֮Уԭ͹⻪ڵǽͬһ㡣һУ㽫ⶸתʱڳһŤĽ
Сӻǵһûв͸«Ϸǲõģ
лϽ̻壬С֪ˣ뽣ϴͽ̰ɣ
һڣһн˲䱬ֵһĻˣǽϣ˳ִĽ⣬ֳһѪܵĽģѪʬɽ֮ھɱ¾ζ
Ĵ֮ӦײеѪɫĸǣһķǵûгͻͬˮһ㣬ڻͨƶȻӰٱ
һ˲䣬ϵġءͬһġɱ¾ײһһ⻪ȴƼžûһ˲ƺһжϢˣԭҲһͽϵĽ⡣
Ƭ̣ϵ֪ﴫҲϲŭ쳹ڣСӣҪװˣҹɣ
ϣСҿɲװĲһͱˣһĻӵ洫ҳˣ˵ĶϽɢһŵķƷͱؤװˡ
һҽ֮˳⻪һת䣬ɫЩ԰ףԼų΢΢ţһս
һ˽г£¶һ˿Цݣ칰ֵл飡


һһһ ֣ڤڤ
һ뽣Լѹɳ֣ȻԵ̫ǿһӮһ˵ŷеĻȴƵ¶һ˿Цˡ
ߣСӣȻ˱˻ԣΪܵˣǵϷ򲻸ˣʱջسŵڶ
˵Цˣ˴ͷĸˣλʳԶʵء
ߺߣҲøҴñӣϷﲻ֪꣬ЩҲͼСӣﱻ˼ǵãҾʳԶҲҪ֪˲㣬ǲˣӲ˭֪¡
һһҭ꽣ƭԼСһ飬ɾԼѽϸǼˣ˵ܸɳ
һʵϲŷЦСһȻôǿħһ˺⣬˲ٶɣ
һһ㶣ȻһЩ鼱֮ҪϵġءȴǲܵģԲƴ˱ϷֵĿܣˮ֮ո֮㳾İƷ޺׽
ΪԼϣʩչոһУ޺׽Ľڣɱ¾ϣһһаһһϣ˲䱬ԶѰֵܵסϵĹסʤ
ͻȻ仰뵽ǼӲɵðԾÿ£Ͼ޺׽ħ֮Լʹ޺׽֪˵Ҳᱻħͷ
ǰֵܵǽѹΪǽҪɱȫֻ֣ôһһֿûУշɻҲ顣
һѣνʱ򣬽ٴοڵߣ˭УϷȻԵȴҪ˵Ȼ㲻˵ϷҲ㣬ֻЩýǡȻΪãܼԦҲԦˡʷϣܹ֮꣬ɾΰҵȴûмʧ֮в԰ΣϣܹΪ
һͷһůƺ⻰ǵѵ⣬׻׻̵һ㣬æְݱʾл⡣
ǺһĸлһЦȻǲǵ仰ҲͰˣ͵Ϸţ١պҲûʲôϵˣֻһΪܼԦԱǵʱͲҪϷյˣԳŻˡ
⻰Ȼ֮⣬һͷһ֪⻰ԣԼʲôкڵ飬˵õһԵľһζҵʦһ
ƽʱȻҪʾһԼŵģýϷģһΣȻĪĲ֪˵ЩʲôƺĳһȻвһ㣬ֻܱһ䣺ӽϽ̵
һ䲻ǻشĻش𣬽ƺûие⣬ĬβſڵˣȻҪͷС꣬ͽŵ̳ǰɣ
⻰һΪǰǸоѹ˼֣æл֮󣬽С״ӻȡæ͵̳ǳ¡һŹӳƮһӾͽС׸
С׵תʮȦŽͣֽС׷˻ȥ
Сû˵ѣֻСȷʵֵһһз񼶱Ƕɽٸһ֮㵽ȥȻûаַ緶ԴСҪء
˵ԽԽأ󼸺Щŭƺ˷ԼԴСһƾȻмֻϻڵĲǵĳӡ
һͷҲ˵ʲôоǰһĻ£һı𣬲նɱԷݣ־͹ϣҪܴܲ򿪷ӡ޺׽ˡ
ƺҲоԼĲԾɤӵһʮ˲նͷСһ鵤ҩͷС겻֪˶ˡȻָȴͲҪǼ򵥣Ҫȴˡ
һüͷ΢壬æЦ˳ֲУһܹȻСס
һ˵ڤڤ췦仰
һû뵽ϻ˵ôһ仰ͷʱһæѵϵ˼ǡ
һϷ˵ʲôˣν֮߻֮ޡɶᣬҪһǻԭô
һɫȻһ䣬ˣѵϵ˼ǣ㶼ûа취Сô
⻰ϰû˵βŵҲǾûа취ֻǴ˷̫ѣҲɲˡ


һһ ƻڤ
ţа취ⷽѣ֮ҾƴȫҲҪ쵽뽣ϸ֪Сӡһа취ʱָ˾
ߣ˵ףȴôףСӾȻҪ֪Ҿ͸㣬Ҳá˵Ž϶һ٣ڻʲô󿪿ʵ֪֮Ӧȥʲôط
һһ㶣æת˼Լ֪ĹԺйһ飬ص׵飬Դɵ˵ϣѵ˵ڤɣ
ףСӾȻ֪ڤڣ⵹ѵáνڤϹ֮ǰڵĵطרûй鴦ڡνġڤڤ췦ָڤ֮أҪطٲܡ
һüͷ΢˵ϵ˼С׵Ѿڤûа취ˣ
ϵٴδһ֪ΪʲôϷ˵˰ɡֻȻϷ˵а취Ȼа취췦ȻʵȴǶԱ˶ԣϷ˵֮ˣڤûг꣬ҪȻȻЩѣҲɻģ
ɻᣡһԾϲѣæ뽣ϲֶȡ
СĵǼ򵥣ϧˣϷϱ̫ɱ˽ڣ˵ҲҲܳ֡
ǻ뽣ϽСӣСԼֱǣɻ㹻ˣ
ٺ٣С˰ɣɻָϷ֣֣ٷ֮һĻᶼ˵ǰỹҪ㹻׼ѵǣҪµڤ˾йнĻǸʱٸʩչʱɻᡣ
ڤ˾й٣һȻնɱһͷţͷ񣬵ڤҲڴˣʲôȴһ㶼ˣҲҡھȳС׵ľģ˹֣һݵ뽣ϴͽ̡
ãȻСӷҪ£Ҿ͸㣬ʱҲȥܲܰɣȫˡţҪ˾ҪĶС
֮ʱʱ䣬һӪС׵ĻǣҪһж֣һһϿ֮һʼħһ£뽣
ԣƬ̣ȷˣҪô
һ˵ͷ̧ȡһֲǵţͷ֮ģЩ걻ȴʱ˳е뽣Ͽһɷڤ֮ı׼
ףڤֲ֮棬ôУԭˣðɣû뵽㶼УϷ˵ô࣬㾹ȻҪȥˣҲ㣬ħߵ飬Ǿ͵ȵһ֮ɡڤ֮ؾƵأõһֲȴֻΪڸǽ𵤼Ϊһʱ䣬Ҫ׼ܶࡣ
һɫһϲæֵлϽ̻壬Сӽǣ˴֮£СӸм
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һߺ󣬿տյĽڣֻʣ¼̳ϵСףһ̾ϢԼϵֹʲô˵ǽᵽ鱦֣˵ʲôȴû֪ˡ
ȴ˵һӽڣطһֱչڷСҪʲôֶΣҪµø򣬶Ϊˡ
ԭΪ˽ӽϵĵ鼱֮½Ʒ޺׽ĽڡȻʱݣǱ޺׽㲻ϣȴ¹ǿԼͷǿ׳һҲ˲ˡ
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һ׷壬ȴֱȥɽڣתɽȥѳɾͽ𵤵ݲͬȥɣٶȼ죬һ̾ͼפڡ
ͷһƬƯĲƣһ΢΢һЦû뵽ôЩ󣬾ȻҪΪ˴ʱֻǲ֪Ĺ˿ɻҵݡ
˵䣬һһָ֮õƲʣ¶Ʋ֮Ǿ̨ͤ¥¥ɡһǰΪȡϵϹءٻƵصȰٻ
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һһ ÷ӻ˿
磬㣡
һϸȥŮԴɬվȻмϤܿԷݣ΢΢һЦԭ˿СãôЩûû뵽ȻѾˣѵãѵã
˴ٻִ¥ľȻǵһΪˡľ䡷ٻŵĻ˿
Ļ˿ѾǵСѾͷഺ껪ټľԹ͸ԳͬѰʡֻǼһ֮ƺֻصСѾͷӣſѵõЦݡ
һĻһûоʲôһԵİٻŵһԾĺϲ£ΪǶ֪λִµӵصٻ֮ΪʳڣٻһλĳϿΪ£˺̶ʮ꣬Ϊͻͽ𵤣֮еš
⻹ǳԾԭ֮ԳԾΪ˿ΪѵõźԼӴɫ磬Ϊٻ֮÷ӡ
һ˿ִƴ˼¥ɲƢĽ꿡Ц˾Ȼһ̬һչǴû¶ЦݣγǳԾѡ
˿ϹϼЩֻ΢΢һЦ磬ˣСõȺʱˣ
һһ㶣ǺһЦ˿СþõˣʮһֱѲղŷšû뵽ǰ¥ȻȳɾͣҲˣֻѵСôͶſڣҽȥô
Ȥ˿ﲻݸһЦûгֵһ˿⿪ָյ󷽣΢΢Ц˵ЦˣҽȥСƷ
һҲǺһЦһ䡰ˣͷСˣ滨˿ﳯ¥ȥ
Ҳ֪ǲǻ˿ƹܴ˴ԭ¥ʩҲ仯٣ӵķƽһȤֻȴǱҪһЩȻЩ˲ûΪ˿ĲЦ¥Ȥò˵˵Ӹԣɷ޲ͬ
˿һãתԺ䣬һСԺ֮УȻǵһƶ˿ǰͲĵط
һЩԵľһɻ˿ưٻ𡣱һѵõҺڻ˿֮»ٻһյһζƢζǽԾƶۣڵȡصȰٻ֮ϡ
һҺڿлζһ΢΢һЦû뵽СõľѾȳ̶ȣ꽫˹е˰
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˵䣬һɫƴһи֣˿Ϊִ̫ڵĶ飬΢߻ħļˡֶΰȥִħ
Ȼ˿һ꣬ԭγ˫۶ʱһңСҲò԰һȴֻԹۣΪֻܰôࡣ

һ˿･ƽһ˫Ҳָԭ֣ɫҲָ糣ԭԲЭϢȻһɨľǴⲪ
Сл磬л˿Ȼ֪ŷʲôæһӯӯһݡ
һҲΪ֪һǲû˿ȥ˵γĽᣬá
˿Сã²Ǿ֮ͣΪ֮°ˡҵ֮ˣӦֱģΪԹ𣬵УҶϣ̫ࡣڵ֮£ΪҲ˵Ǵգ㲻̫ϡľڣȻڶɸѹһϾʮǰɵĸڣպлᣬȥһܸоﻹжţҲǵȴ㡣˼֮佫һѣϣܹǿʵ˳ȹźá
ѣ˿΢΢ԾȻȻǰٻŸߵڣ֪
Ȼ㻹֪Ҿͺף˵һȻ֪ǲ࣬˽һվһԱĿܡҪ˵ȴ֮ʮѭľӦҲǻڴ˽ѣҵҲ⣬ǰЩӡ
֮һ֪˵һ˿꣬һɷףָֻ˼ᶨ֮ɫ
һ״΢΢һЦ˿Сòǰٻŵ÷ӣȷʵ÷ɡ


һһ ˿﷢
˿⿪ĽᣬٲǰǰһĵЦɫ΢죬֪߳ȤСãʲôӲЩ˵ģЩ꾭飬⺣ͽ⽣Ŵ˳Ϊأ
һ⻰׻˿ѾָԼĳƺţͷҲݸ˵ʲôȴɫ΢΢һ䣬ת۳⿴ȥ
˿ȻģȴҲоԣЦ˲䶳ᣬָ÷ӵһ̧һָǷŶʱ򿪡
ԭڷ棬Ǽ¥ŮӡЩŮΪһǽ𵤸֣ǻЩϧ񣬲˼֣һ־ܴЩŮӣ
νǿͣ˼䲻ǿͷֲʲôصأǲλΪҵأ
ٺ٣¥ɼɣֲаħ֮أѵʲôۻ಻ɣóȰȥмְ֮Ҫ顣
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Խ˵ԽЩŮɫҲԽѿֻҳֻ֣ñ赲ǰ棬ƺҲ˶ʱ䡣
ʱŴ򿪣ֳ˿Ӱ߳һһǷɻҶɢֱӽ˫ƣһӰ㱣һѾǰ
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Ϊ秵һתһԴ黫Ц⣬ʦýɺã˲ûʦãԲֻʦ²֪ʦõĹϵìܣʦü²ǡ
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ʱһӹһЦڵ÷ӣҲĨǵģ㻹ǵϸϼ˫ޣ˼֪ӴӦӦǴӦҲЩλʱ򡭡
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˵䣬˫һʹ⻪ӿ˿˹˿״ӣһһŨľ֮޳ֱ֣ͬӳЩȥ
ߣľԹͷԽľķԪһЦ󶯷з֮ɫ
ΪԼʤʱЮľ֮ĳ޾Ȼƿһз嵽ǰֻһߣ޷Ҫεϣϸ촫շ޾ȻըǳΪ
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ŮȻ֮г֣ڵӣ˵
ãȻٻžͷʱ˵ùԹԵĽ޳أ
һЦҪ֣˿״Ȼ壬ٻŮһһֱֳޣһȻƳȻǽӽڵĳ̶ȡ
һ̣˶ʱսһ𣬱÷⻪ޱӰݺᣬŭ㣬ֻһ̹⻪ʢһ˳ֻӰ˳ڵ˭ˣʱһǱ


һһ ׷壬һ
˿̹֮߳쳤ޣɫȻͬݽһ㣬ϰɫʡ
ôܣǰҲСĲҵķ˺ôܣ
ǰľԷô˼̣ѵķľԣѵǶ˲ɣ
ԣʹõֶǴûڰٻŵϼһҲǳƺƷ
ƷôᣬѵһССĽ𵤳ڣҵ棬ֻнڣڲܴƷ
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˿û뵽ԷȻһһҪٴγ֡ʱһӷдȴͣ
Ǻǣû뵽ôɣȻˣȻӴʲôУֻǺĶΪ飡
⻰ɫһߣŭȵʲôˣŮ˺ʲôб¾ͳǿʲô񡣡
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⻰һڣʱǵŮ׷Цǻ˿Ҳ̿ЦˣһŮͬʱЦ̣ʱͬٻ޵
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ߣܺã׷һҼסˣһҽˣһ̡
ʦֵҲݻ£һˣͷҲصľˡ˱Ϊһսһӡ


һһ ֮ͫ
ӵõǿ죡һͷЦȴҲ׷ȥתͷԻ˿΢΢һЦ˿СãطЩ鷳ǶԲסˡ
˿ȻһЦ粻ؽ⣬Щ˱ûʲôȴΪ˲˾ӬһᣬҸҲǰСһæСøмܹ硣
һ⻰ݸһЦøӬ˿СôеģлŮ䳣̫ͲӬȻСѩ÷ЩӬҾͰɨһЩɣ
˵䣬һ̧һİٵɳ׵糯Ժǽȥը֮УԼ֮ǽЩͷܶ󾪻Ŷߡоûˣһս廨˿˵ͷʾ
˿״мһЦȻҲ֪֮Ժǽ⻹и˿ӡֻΪ̼ңȻЩӬȴҲøϿˣһֽǸߣǾͺˡ
˿ӯӯһݵεǸ鷳ˡ
һһЦһ䡮¡ָָе˿СõİٻһûƷأЩ˻£һ֪˿Сû׷񣿡
Ե
һȺӬ֮󣬻˿ͬһҲٻȥͽѡͤһƣһƷƣϵرһ̸ľϵҲ
һľԵľţһǲľ䶼вͬһһľ䶼ľã˿ﲻһõİ壬һˮĸҪպܹˮľһ¾һĹ⾰
գ۵һֱʱһıĿġ˿˵һȻȡصȰٻ𣬵ԳһȻٻеķԸȴû뵽˻ǰȡ޶ҵصȰٻ
һ֮ǰȡصȰٻΪΪûҶʣһβ൱֮˸ǻ˿
˿һҲеõĽһһʮ˵ԭ֮԰ٻҪרصȰٻ𣬲͵ΪǧǰһλǰڰٻΣ֮ʱȣðٻ¸м
⻰һ˼һת֪λνǰ˾Ųʮǽϣֻǻ˿֪Ҳ࣬ҪƲʵȴǸա
ν޲ɢϯһȡصȰٻ𣬴˻˿¥ɽȥͷ˿Ƶ¥ǹһ˿Ц
û뵽СѾͷҲɳز֮ȷʵ˵֮֮ڤڤ֮עΪ֮ء
һ˼񣬲ݣֻµ漰֮ܣ̽ѰֻǰһããҪȴǲܡ
ǣ̨ǻ֮ϵľַһâž죬ǴҮʶͨķľȻչ¶һ˿ԣһƪƮ˳ᱦϾȻһգ۾͸ʮƬҶϡ
֮ͫһüͷһ壬ͺһһöͫ״·üģ˼һתʱһǰӹȴһδνѣ֮ʱ¿ݾװɵ֮󱻽ҴЩҲһβ޺׽Ľ¡
һ׮׮һͷӹȻûмͷӳγɻʱһ˿ȴüĴֻһ˿ɫĶûڣҲһ̣оڤڤ֮УЩ仯ˡ
֮ͫˣˣԽٳˣɽԽ࣬˵ԽŨ˵ǾҵĽת˵ѹˣҸоǰ潫ߵĵ·Ȼ˼֣˵ˡ
һͷϲҪ֪٣Ҫ˳ȹʵ֮⣬˵ҲʮҪԲνӦ֮ˣӦ֮ˣǰ߽ѲʮѶȹȻǶȹǰ;Ͳ˵ŨԽ⣬ѳ飬ܹ׵Ķȹѣǲ⣬ȻܳΪ֮ˡ
һΪԼ㲻Ӧ֮ˣҲȻѶȹ٣ҪѰˣ⺣һˡȻ⺣һʵǿ˵ȴûиоʲôû뵽طȴõޱȵķţӽ֮еõ˵
һȴûһ̤Ьٴ뷨Ϊ֪û⺣һˣҪ𵤴ɣҪ²֪ʲô£һ˿õ֮ͫٲ֮ǰŬ
ͨһͷϲޱȣƬҲϵ𽣹⣬Хһͳ׷巽ȥص׷ϷţϤĲͨ


һһ ѹݼʦ
Ÿʶ֮ͨСĩʶͨΪǿ󣬡ҮʶͨΪ£Ħʶ©ͨΪءУҮʶͨǷʦΪ˿ˣȵġ
֮ͫΪҮʶ֮ͨͨȻ񻹲ȫȴҲͬСɣԶʱΪʮ֮ͫһ֮ǿ֮ѰŸֶ򲻳
񡮽֮ͫһϣܹתٳˣЩ΢ܣܹھȥΪ񣬴ͨǿ󣬲תٳˣת˳ɽ٣ƿڹ֮䡣
ʹá֮ͫ£ԽתϣתԼڣʱ˸ҲҪ˱ᡣǸʱһԼΪҲֹɼǾһأǷ۽ˡ
˵һˡ֮ͫص׷壬ҹ˽֮ͫʱЧһ֮ų˷
ǰ˵ˣȴ翣˴ͨǵܹתٳˣܹԼо˵Ĵڣԭһһݶˣֻ̫СˣǿĻݣ˵л޳ΪľһĴڡ˵ǿ󣬳ѳ顣˿ҵǿԳͨж˵δʧΪһֶΡֻǲ֪֮ͫļʲô̶ȡ˱ʦһ԰ɣ
һ뵽𽣹㳯ڷȥϿգһ׻շ𣬾Ȼһ˶
һ֪ҪԼ֣һáҲݽͳȥȻǼһԼһʱʦֵܾ㶷
Ҳһ࣬Ȼֻн𵤳ڣսҲܱܿһһȴǲ̫ԶֻһҲ֪أֶһ
˶˰ζʤһХ֮һһ׶ɫֿɫ֮зЦʦܹȻұΪ֮󣬴ҵĲӦСˣû뵽Ϊ׷ʵͽǱǿ࣬ѹֵʦҪ㲻ˡ
һһЦڻش𼸾ͬʱ֮ͫתƬ̣ɫ΢΢仯״Ϊæѯʼ䣬ȴֻõһһ仰
ʦ⼸ջ׷úɣʲô飬ҲᣬСܳȥһ֮󣬻ٿΣ
Ȼһ˵ĪҲ˵ͷ˺á֮ʦ̸ֵһͽ֮һݽȥ
ͷ˿ͥԺ֮еһüû뵽ȫ֮𵤸ֵĽ˶Լֻû뵽ʦù˵ͷڹ壬õǲŨȻ಻ЩǮ֮ģοѣ˵ܹȥҪȥϣϣܹʦЩʧɣ
˵䣬һͷҲأ˽㳯ɽȥ
ٺɽڣһڶ־ͽ｣ڣ֮УϵûȴһϤԱߴ
ţƣôһƲԾһȴɵͷЦ
Ҫ֪ˮĸ֮ѡһͬ뿪ֻĽӿռ䱻ֻС׵ĿռáС֮һͨᣬȡ˵ˡĹ鵣ģȴҲ޷С׵Ŀռ֮дͨ߹һӵĶҲʮֵġ
ֻû뵽һ˻صڣȻƣһ֮󣬺ܿףȻǽϳ֣Ʒ˳Ȼǰݼһ㽫˵ˣǽϳ֡
һæһݵСлϳ֣СںյĵӣСȽԪӤ֮ţȻϷ֣ͨڡ
ߣԪӤСȻʮˡСӣϷҲùܡֻ㽫ߣ»ǲ鷳ǣϷûһ£Ҳƣ֪ʦΰ
һһæЦ˵ǣСӴӴ֮ϽƣҵĵҲá˵æתͷƵٰݼϣӴ֮нϵ㣬Ϊʦǿ˰ٱǧ
һ㶣°ݣ뵽ʲôæҡͷѾݹʦΪʦܰˣʦջس
һû뵽СӾȻʱšƢ⻰оݣҲ֪ô˵ֻϹһЦСӣԴʦصȻʲһ㣬ȴҲʲôϷڣһɲžˡ
һûҪȰ˭֪ƾǲһ˼һתԼ뽣ϿʦͽĹϵ˵ȥ˵ʦŽȰ˽ϣΪһ֮󣬵ڶĶ


һһ ȥ
ʱ֮һӽڣ֮з˳ͷ˿ڣ˵ñ飬ҡҡͷ̾һ֮󣬱ͷҲصĳ׷巽ȥ
ص׷ʱȴоԾϸȴһβûû׷巶ΧҪһͷһʶɨ˲һ˿ŭ
һһݽ˲ʧԭأһѾԺ⣬յԺţҲѶֱӽ̤һнƣֱӴڵԺ䡣
أһͣʦ֣һ
Σø֨һ죬һӰŴ󽣴˳϶ദ˿ˣ˲ԭһȴ֪ǰˡ
һǹһЦԭʦܻˣ㲻ȥѵҪʦұȻȻ˵ţҪӶ󽣰ڸƣȴǣ˿ڣ۵첻һװüͷһ壬ʦ֣⵽ô£ѵָ˴ܣҲȰ㲻ҪȥôǴܣҲõ㵽ֹˣԷôôôݣ
Щһ˼䣬Žʵ˵˳
ԭһ˲ãһȺҪȻȻҲһȰ˵ֻʵ飬´˭֪ԷȻڳԣ˵һΪ¶ˡ⻰Ȼ۲Է
ȴ˵ȻƣҲƲ磬һֽûʴȻһһɨɨ׷ȥ
ӦôˣнôһǾǴСģϵġ˵ͬһɣϵĨӳȴҵ˸ǿʦֵǰ
Ȼÿ죬˼ڶ壬Ҫͻƽ𵤺ڵĸǰЩ˵ʦ֡׷Ϊϵԭ򣬱˵ʦֵܣ۶ûмҲֻԼ
ֻȻȺϾϾһأ֮ǰԽڸֻǿֵһξûôõץסᣬƿһҲͳ
һУһҲֻƤˣһֻǶЩƵˣͷȴŭա
ãããǾ׷ʦչأûеʦ֣͸۸ȻˣǾ͹ֲҲͬˡ
ʦܣҪôԲһΪоһƴһɢһܱ߶סĸо
ʦȥ֪ˣһǹһ˿ȤЦ
һ㶣Цңôţǡ
û˵꣬һִһɫ֪һẦԼûеֻֿǰһһζȫȵĸоܿ죬ЩʹѸټʧ
⵽ô£ʦʲôҩȻôȻ֪ⶼһֶΣҲ˲鵤ҩֻӿ츴ԭȴûô
ûʲôСںŪһöҩˡʦӦ˰ɣ
ԣ˦˦ֱۣȣ趯˼·ԭ̶̰㲻ʱ䣬ѾȬˡ
鵤ҩȻ棬һ֪֮Ը𣬱ҲʣԱװһЦˣȫˣҪлʦܡ
һȻ֪ȬΪŶȹȥʥҩ컯л˰ֵʦˣָۣҲӦġֻǲ֪ʦȤСǰȥһЩʦֵˡ
ǸŵˣһοҲ֡һô˵֮ţȻȥһЦȻһβС棬ʦܷӳʵΪ־̾һοɲҪ֣һҿǵײ˶ٰ
һֻЦҪ֪ʵѰ϶ܹ£ǲ֣ЩֱӾͱ˵Ϊ˶ɽ׼õǿʵҲһ޶ȣɱͬž޶ȵļޡ
ʦֻǵЩ˵ݣʦִ·ɣÿζǴһΣǾʹȥˣ
ϵõϵã˶ǴСģģ׷˴ľСģ⡭
һԺǺһЦʦ־ĨȥǾͲȥˣ´ٴٽѵҲ١
룬ҡͷУУЩ˾۸׷ʦֵ٣Դδζʦ˵úãǴǲȥôСϴαǴôңʲôӣߣߣҴ·ʦһҪҺúýѵѵһӣ֪۵
˵䣬𽣹⴩ƺ㳯̫ɽȥ


һһ Ժǽ
ȴ˵̫ɽܱߣһɽϴһһԪӤϵĵڡʱһ֮Уʮڻ糩оȻе¥֮мʦˡ
ʦһЦĶյ˵ζлʦ֣ʦֻйʦ֣λʦ֣ǵĳѱ
Ϊʦ΢΢һЦʦˣ׷ϴèСèֻҵҲûзʲôֻǿϧǣʲôһڣһѵˣʦܳأ
һĵҲûλʦڣʲôһһڻ¡ʲô׷ʦҲˣһȻǲֵһᡣֻһǿɶСˣ´Ρ
⻰׵ĹʦֺٺһЦʦܷģȥһˣһҲʦֺʦ֣һ˾ͽһ¡˵׷ĺԪڳ֮Уû˻ǣһҾͽСץʦܳˣ
⻰ʦĵ˵ͷݹһңȻǶֵ붯µŵ˼״ʼЩã˶óǲαĿ׼䣬󣬻ֽ˵Լϡ
ŶҪŵʱ򣬺˶ըһŵģģģչŵģǼ˶ҹҳ
⻰֮дԪһ˼䣬ʱʲôյը顣˴ֲ֮±ˮһͷ˵ϵķ϶ԽķվԵǱ
ʲôˣȻ£
ˣ˭ҹ

һ˽ŷ׷׳ȥӰն׷׳ȥˣǲһ
ףСӣǰŽŴһ٣쾹Ȼǰѵ뱻һٲɣףԣϵôȫˣôܣ
ٺ٣ģǰ첻ΪӲѹҰˣ컹Ҿʶʶʲôн޵ֶΣ㲻ܴ㣬ҲҪҸʣ
ߣʦһȥϴȻȡʤȷʵǲ̫ʣڶԸ𵤳ڻĥĥ䣬ĥܣһƴǽ˵ˡ
ʱʦֿһλʦ֣һ
ʦ⻰պҪ⣬´һһЦСӣǽ𵤳ڰˣȻǣúãξѵѵɣ
ʦ֣ǰ˵ҳôôʱȻҵһԵĹʦֹ˵
ŶˣˣҵĲԣСȷʵǸʦģǹʦȥѵɣһ㣬Ҫ˾ǡ
ʦ˵ǣҳзִ磬Ȼˣ
˵䣬ʦ־ʹ˳ƳһһۣٺһЦλʦܣ֪˲ţûʵûб͸šһ㲻ʦܣȻȾָ¥÷ӣ֪˶ʦֵܣҾҸһѵԺʵʵˣҪ쿪
һǰһ΢Цſ˹ʦһۣЦһ֪λʦմƺЩϤŶ˵Ժǽʦɣû뵽ʦֲὲջӬӪ飬С
ʦõһ仰⣬úԺǽʲôģͲɫһ䣬ʱһǵͨ죬ȵˣ㾹Һ˵ҹŵλ飬ٸջشԣͲǽѵһٵ顣
һԹһЦȻʦֺ֣αżѵ鲻ɣ
ʦһ㶣㽫۾ɳȷʵڣ˵һϽҵףȻٲһ˵ȥһ˵ϻǻֵ¼аɣ
䣬ʦַ̧ųһöһָǧ˿ͬҪһС
ٺ٣ʦ־Ȼ߳ŭˣǺãȻʦҪ֣ˡʦˣ
һһЦ֣һתϰٵӰһ˲ķΧ׹ǣƿյ˻ֱʦɱ˹ȥ
һ˲һͷӳ˳ͬ٭ʵڳ˶ѾֱһĹʦָоɱɫ˲
ôôˣǽޣһطȳǱܣҪƾ˲䱬ȡʤֻҪһΣһ㣬ʱôʰԣ
뵽ʦæȡҪչչ˲䣬һһǻûȫյĹϣȻһ潫ֻ顣
ʦֻòһһ˵ŵʦ֣֪Ժǽ㰡


һ ҽҩ
ӹŵ׼һ󣬳˲ڷֵ㣬Ʒ룬ڹŵϣһ鶼ڵʯ֮䡣
˶ûлعŵȴûлعΪϴı֮⣬ʹëֱƺֻҪԶһ£ǷޱȵĽҪĺʹѪ
㲻Ҫɱңһģŵһһ嶯æڵ
ʦֺγԣʦֵܲڱôôɱأȻʦѧղûأʦ֣ŪзʲôģǾͲһȻһЦƺʲôɱ˲ɱˡ
ŵ˵ˣɵһæʦܣȻдԣβңټһء
һԾȻ˵ͷ⵹ǲֻʦǰʵһ䣬ʦֻشһ¡ǲϴˡϴˣʦҲÿԵ˵ţһһҪһҾӣֻΪҪǽҲڹŵ΢΢һ£һѪƮɢ
ʦܣǧҪңңԺǽ˾ңҲöԺǽǽʦҰɣŵڳܲǿ²еĿԣæԱ
ŶԭˣȻǹʦ֣ҾͲˣˣҾͷſʦ֣ȻȻɣ˵ţһջǽһ̤ʮ⣬ԶԶŹŵǵȴٴζ
ŵͷӳо֣ŭɻ󣬰ûڣٰӳɣһֽԶԶվţȴԥ
һԵЦһһСұʱҲֻԱ߽ãȻʦܾͲҶˣȻˣǾ漸ôǽڶԽ𵤳ڣ˵㻹ܻʤأ
⻰ŵ˼һת뵽ѵһǰѾþȫΪҪս˵һҽ˴ܹô㹻Ҳٴ뻢ڡ
ڹŵ˼ʱȴǲᣬٴνǵķѡ
ˣˣҾͶһģӮˣһζȫһҪСӳԹͷʧܣҲˣǶЩƤ֮ˣ
֮󣬹ŵһٴ˳һ˹ֵʦܣһսûнǼɣ
һǹһ˿ζЦݣȴҲûнҴŵҪ͵Ŀģ˵ͷִͬӭȥ
һιŵѧ˹ԣһʼͷһıȾͽԼסŷųͷҪϿһԵһĴڣעĴȻʧܡ
ֻ˽ְ֮һּͽ޽򽣡͡ٽ⡯ص˲乹ǧͰѹŵС˻ھʱ򣬱һҽдӽ֮дƬ֮һﱻ˳ǹŵ˭ˡ
ֻȥʱһʲͬʱĹŵڣǳǿ⣬۷Ǵʧν
ɱ˲ͷأ㾹Ҷ˱ٽû꣡ʦɫʮѿŭָһʵ
һ״һЦһɱ˲ͷأĳûɱˣҲûˣЩﲻҽҩѰˣ
⻰ʦֶʱҭҲŵȻǻԣȴǳһЩƤˣ˶ûС˼˵ͬţ˵ǲм
ãܺãȻӶͬţҾĲ㣬һսܽҴܣϱȡǲܣͻ֪ʲôͷ
һû뵽λʦ־Ȼأ֪ԷˡһǰΪ˸ȻȱԼٺò
λʦְɣǰʦֶԱַʦн̵ջʦֲߴͽ̲ǣ
ʦּ״һҲ𻰣ֱγһɱ˹ȥһ״ȻһЦϣ𽣹Ҳӭȥ
һǰвͬʦֶιȻӸ߳ͬʱתǽǧ˳ͬһһ˹
ֶȻֺ룬ڽ֮ҲǴУһɲʮеʱһڽ򽣹ųͷͽʦС
ʦҲƲ磬뽣֮оȻ˿£ǺȲϣȻҪֻ⡮һ򷨡ǹʱ򶥼ɵĸֶΣȻ㣬ȴҲܰ硣
ֻ֮еĺûйһʱ̱Ͼһٴαͳǰʦɡ


һһ ҳ
֮ϷгһбЦ֮ڵĺʦܣһ׬ˣҪǸһˣʱ˭˵ǽ
ϣƫԺֻôؤװһأЩǰϯֵĽ𵤸֣һǱޱȵ
һߣսܱιȥʦ֣͹ʦָպѹ˴ɫѿǾ仰Ȼ˵׸ĸ򣬺ûһѪ
׷壬һúݣһһӣ֪ҵ
ҹŵҲǣȻղĻȫߣһҪٱǧĳ

ȴ˵һȺӷ׷תע⵽ԼĲһ䷢һڵ߶
׵ڵλʦ֣׷񲻾ɽһĺôºʱôӣһȻԽ𵤳ڵʵսˣȡʤֱţôŵӶɽ̫ɽѾûȽܳˡ
⻰׵ĳҲǹʲô̾һͬӢܱЩ꣬Ϊһ
ʦܣҪԣ׳˵һʱǳϺںסЩ飬ܶġǻǺú¾ˡɽһΪޣǴǵֵǰ棬ʵǿ󣬵ӽܳҲӦõáһȷʵŵӣʮǰھʹ˶¼ҵСӣ𵤲˵ҿϵҲﴫ˵еġ޽򽣡ʵ֮ǿ½ӢĽһ档
ʲôʮǰǸСӣȻﵽȳ̶ˣˣһȺСҪԴͷô
⻰׵ĳһԿ࣬ԿʲôڲԿ࣬͵ҲǸЩӵܻãﻹаߵЩͷЩѵܹתҲǱˡ
ʦ˵ĲһǸ⣬ȻֻȡϵĶûǣҲ֪ǲмΪ֪϶ڿӣ
ôܣҲǽ𵤵ӣҪ̽쵽ʶھͺˣ˵ѾϢԶԶ̽Ǿܵġ
Ҳǲ²ˣֻŵӣһǲԳ֮˵ôӾҪ˾ͽнһǲҪܣֻʵ֪űˡ
⻰Ͼǵ˵ͷһööϴһȦ֮Ϊ׳ʩһ㳯̫ɽȥ
ʱڳɽϻصһͷ˿ңɼ˫΢Уǹһ˿΢Цڼʲôһ㡣
ʦ֣һǴȥ˵þҪ̫ɽڵӵķӦ˺˵ûкܶ˴ʱʦ㡭
һ㶣һкõºð׷嶼гˣżһֻ۵ĴҲʹ죬иţÿɽǣû뵽һʯʦܣĺܺð
ƺǰñ˴˵һҲݸ˵ͷʦ˵ǣҽԵĲͬԽԽܹǿ󣬵ʱʦòڣǾʦְæ
һЦȻҲһʦģͳһֶΣһţҾҲҴʲôң˵ùĹҲһأ
ʦֵܶ˵Цűص׷壬һԼڵʱᱻ˴ˣȡ컯ɵҩ۳ʮö͸֪ǺöҲһ⣬ҲƴǾյС
Ȼڶ˷׷岻գЩ˲̫ɽӣ͢Ƚõɽӡ
ôѵҪҴܲôһЦӭȥ
͢ЦһҪֻҪ΢һ¾ˣҲԼ˴ܣȻܡʦһŪộЩʦֵĺհ
һ֪⣬΢΢һЦû뵽ôһС¾Ȼλʦ֣ʦЩⲻȥǡ
С£ʦֱôС£֪ѾõϢ̫ɽӾ⼸ձҪǰ׷һسӣһȺ˵Ҳʮ֣𵤺ڵʦ񣬿һҲҪأˣʦܿɻ˵С£һͬ͢һͬĽڵЩ˵
һԷĲʲô⣬ǾԼ̫󡣲׼ջأֻ΢΢һЦʦ˵ǣȴǲСֻǲ֪λʦǰǡ
͢ЩæЦͬһӣô̫ɽţǰȻΪʦսֻǲ֪ʦҪ벻Ҫ
һһЦˣлλʦֺˣǾ͵һȰɣ
ȣ͢Щͷԣܿɫ΢䣬תͷ̫ɽȥֻһƬʮݹ⼤̫ɽǰսˣ˵͵ˡ


һ 
һȺ˻δɤŴĺ˭һҹѹ̫ɽһٽȥĶʮʦϲ
⻰һɽ޵໥˿ȻԼͬӭȥƺǰһ㲻ûз
߽޵ȻһЩȴҲжʮˣϳȥʱ򶼴Ϭ⣬֮ǿ˿ߡ
Ϊ˼ҲüȵǶʲôˣ˵׷ֻôôðôЩһֻ׷ĳӣ޹أȥ˭̫ɽɲ𣡡
ɽ߱Ϊߵ˳˵ʱ׷̣ȻһˣȻʦ֣ȴϲһüŪһһվ˳
ԭ̫һʦ֣¾һ֪λʦǰ⣬Ϊڣѵͱﲻɣ
һ⻰˵ºͣ˵ͻȻһתȻЩЦζʱǵһȺ̫ɽӲ
бһ˴ӼݹǰָһȵԭСӣǰ㴳̫ɽͬŲ˵ΪӶ죬ٸʮǸ͵ôͬŽѵһ׷Ӵ̧ͷ
⻰һϵȻ֪λʦմ׷ʲô𣬾ȻҪ飿
һЦʱҪ׽ˣٽͷٿҪҪ㣡
һЦһ㣬һЦλʦˣҿɲ׽ҲģֻҪһʱŵĶд֣պҲ֪˭ġ
ǵһ㶣˵Ĳ״ʱ⻰һ˿ŭããã˭Ҿ͸㣬ׯ̫ɽӵܡСӾҴϱ⣬Ҿ͸㣬ҽ꣬бﶼϣҪǾ
һɲһЦ˵ͷȻʦ˿ʦҾЦˣ
ׯԼŵ㷴ӦʱŭⲪһּһƬâ뷢һɱ˹һ־׼ˣ͵һ±
˭֪һ״ŭֻ΢΢һЦ˫һУһţ𽣹⼱ٳԱ߷ɶݶȥ
ׯ״Ц֪СӶټ죬ҲӲҵķУὭ
ڣֻһ״ķһֱɿ쿪ص̿֩״ԲɶУһȻɵÿҲûӹһ֣£˷һѹȥ
ţԭҲμɴȵʱйһսʵһ㣬ǱһƷԲȴʮҲǰڴ˱֮¡ɽһߣһͬĽڸԴ߷ߵ˵ţȻڶԷ÷ѹ˸еʮֲ
⻰ٿµҡҡͷȻʮֿһֻ֮УΨĵĿţƺûԷƷԲһ
ôһ㶼ʦܣ͢Թɫһ۾Ϳæʵ
ٺ٣֪ǲ㣬ɣһأʦӮˣ˵һأˣûһ˻ʦܵĶأ
ʲôôܣ
ôܣ㲻룬ʦս𵤣ʹõʲôֶΡ
ѵǡ
ٺ٣˵ˣ°ɣ٣㿴ʦҪˣҪϷ
̸͢ʱׯСʮɷԲҪһСʱһǹЦͺһ̧һĨǽ϶ʮߵâ
ƷƷԲڳʶˣһ۱㿴ǽƷ׷׾
ǽһֶΣһӣǽʱֻһͬȪˮкϲĳ˲ɽֱӳҺ滹ڲϷֻ⣬ƺ޾һ
ׯһǽһͷԼܵûнϢԼټһȻýֶֻζԸԼķʱͷ
ȻһϣȻö죬ȴ˿ûˡׯ״һЦһжԸ˻УԸҵķԶأ
һ˼ĵ˵ͷһأ
˵䣬Ͻһ󣬱õһдһԭ׳ĽȻ˲գۼ»һֻ֮Ͻ飬Ȼһе


һ 
򽣹һǡ޽򽣡ľ磡
һɽ֮д˵ǰһ̫пλʦ֡ʱһûаʦֵƣСʦܼʦһ㣬г֮⡣
⻰Ҳ׷תǶǽһĵӣڽȻʮľ磺˽ͨͨͨǴţʦͱ֪ġ
磬ÿһ֮Ĳ඼ʮ־޴󣬶޽򽣡ΪһལԪӤ϶ľ磬뾳Ȼһϣⲻò˵Ǿ治ѡ
ûǡ޽򽣡һһλпʱһֱӽһͬħͷ˰ߣºպ
޽򽣡һڱ˾ͽʦϼǿѹԪӤ֣
ڶལ޵ӷ׷״ʶͷһ˼ǾǶһ޳һ㽣оĽ
ڽ޵Ӷڡ޽򽣡˽⣬̫ɽһʱûзӦΪֱһׯȻ֪˽̺֮˶ôĵĶҲовζ
Լһ汲ƷԲһܹƷֻǼ˼ȫ߶𷨱ԷһˡֻǾҪһʱһȴǴĻ롣
ֻں֮һնϣȻ˲䱬ɢͬʱֱ۴ϸȻҲжˡ
ôܣ
ׯһûһѾһٵ򽣵Ľ⣬նȥһž죬ԭ̵˲䱻ϳʮΡһָԭСȻһص
٣ׯջӡǣ˲˲ƣͷһһѪ˳
һĿľҪȻǵˣһЦ̧һ㣬ٵ»׷һׯС
Ƭ֮󣬱һ˳ׯ˭ˡʱѾǵܵһˡ̫ɽеǰס¾Ҫˤһ
һҲЩ𽣹ͻصɽһ͸ǰһˡʶ͢ˣǲʶˣһʱǾ֮ɫ
ǰǲһĽڵ׼ǰǸʦܣǰ
һû˵꣬ҡҡͷǰʦΪʦҺãʦȻ׵ģʲôض˵λʦֿǰ׷壬һҲǲ֪ôһȻĵġ
ԣ϶¶ЦȻһһʮ⡣Ĳ˵һ϶ܹ޳ԪӤˣ޳ɺֵ˸мǻϲˡ
ɽߣ̫ɽǱ߿ǳƲҵׯȻ֮ǿģҲ˶ԶȻױܣǿ˳ȥҲò˶١
֮ҲоȺܡķ̫ɽһΪӣȻ޳ܵѡ˳սǿֻҪľһһ˻ʤܹһ˿ӣܹʧĶջ
ֻһǵȻǴˡ̫ɽһһʮڸȺһԳʵһǰǸ򽣹⣬ַֺϺϣû߹Уһ̫ɽӷ׷ܣһ˳
˺棬Ҫһ̫ɽѧ˴ս֮ǰԱﶼŵͬУֻ˳ֵķ󣬱ˣҲʧ
ֻǼˣսʮ̫ɽӵʱһûа񣬷ǸӾڵӣԭΪսܹɹ̫ɽԥˡ
ֻһ뵽ԼһȺڶȻһ˴ܣβӻȥһȺ̫ɽӾ;Ϸ̡ҪǽбذܵĶҴ֮ҪĶҲһԸ⡣
ν˼䡯̫ɽ֮блģ˸е⡣ʣµ̫ɽٴγսȴһսìͷ׼սɽӡ
ȻսɽӼΪޱͺսոտһϬֶΣһʱ֮ĳȲѡΪһĬﻹ̵ס׷׳齣̫ɽڵӶ
սһ֣һߵľ˲ͬҶǿ׼˲ų֣˫ʵ󣬽ڹǿ󣬷ڱ仯ˡ
˫ʮʤ̫ɽһҲԸԳȫܵľ档¼ݻ֮ǴЩһεȥˡ
ս֮һ칦ɽڵȻȴϯϣ˳򣬵ȼ⣬˶Լһһ˿Զ֮˼
һҲ֪Ϊ֪һսҪĿѾﵽӽ֮Ѱ֮䣬ҪǺѣɽһڶԼֺǱ󼴱ڴ֮ҲὫԼڻҡ


һ ħ
Դһսһ޶ʤܿڵ֮дȥٰ˼Ϊʵս֮׷峹׵徲ȻŵķӦžЩһԤϣȴĿǷΧ֮ˡ
Ϊܹڤ֮нС׵ĻǶҪڲͻԪӤ½Լʵ㹻硣Ϊһȫչأһչؾһ֮á
һգԼ͢۽̸۵ʱǲɱչزһ
˵˵ʦһαչػһ֮ã֪γ᲻ָǴϲǰյһ
⻰ɫЩ죬͢񿪿ڵְʦܼǵʱ˾ͽʦ֣һΪһǧܹȵģҪ֪Ǿ͵ʦܳ㲻֪ô
Ե˵ͷ˵ʲôɫ΢䣬һĴߣߣߣõˣǾ֪ˡ˵ݽͳȥ
⻰˽һ˼һ˳ȥ
һ̳һԺ䷽ȥշɵԺǰһƾ죬оһĽԺгǶǽ֮еٮٮߣԼĴڣһɽ֮ȴͬؤһ㣬һ㶼ûа취
Ƭ֮󣬽ʧɢһеһйƽϻûиƽļƤȴŷһжġ
⵽ʲôĽ⣬Ȼǿ˹Ҽʦʱ˿
վûнĻ˵ȥ˿ı飬ȻͷĶͬȵ뷨
ʱ֨һ죬ԺŴһǹһ˿ǳЦ˳һɡ
ͷλʦڴ˵ȺˣСܸмֻǽþλʦּ£Сܻط֮գλʦֳ˵գһ˹֣⣬һ֮¾ʧǰ
ſտҲԭأ˰Σ֪ѯʵ˵оô
͢Ҳ㶵ĵ˵ͷоˡ
õش΢΢鶯Ҳ̫ӵ𵤺ڣ𵤺ڰ
͢״ҲԳЦǿ֣˵֮ǾҪĽˡ
⻰ɫ΢΢仯ȻǱһ֮ʱ¶Ľ⣬Լɢ𵤺ڵΪסһҲ֪ڿЩʲô
ȴ˵һҲƵ׷壬գ۱ʮ֮⣬ͷ˿ҲԳһ˿εЦ
ԭΪǿʵ֮ǰõ֮ȫû뵽ǣ弶֮ȻͬСɣһƵ˽𵤴Բز˵Ϊ֮⣬ﵽһʱҪٵ״̬
Ϊ˲ٽڤ֮ǰɽ٣ḷ̌ˮĸԼСڵط֮Ѱãҵһ׻šططǸɽڸʹãΪ˱ԪԲΪүˣܽٵ
һȻֻнΪΪйأҲʵáֻšطһȱ㣬ǾһסΪǽΪطͳͳûãǡ̤ѩ޺ۡҲãһΪס֮ȻʾΪһɳΪеĽ𵤺ʿ
ˣˣҲô࣬һ˴ڤͽš⿪ԪӤڳɹ֮Ҳʲôˣգ͵һݣټӿʮɽɽȥ
｣ڣ֮УĿڼ̨ϣ˫󶯷ƶȻгɵû뵽̶һʱ䣬Ѿɹˡ
ʱһСӣǲʦˣ
⻰æתһԾ濴ȥһڶǰ߳һ
ͽưݼʦ𣡡һϲİȥ
һͻȻԼǰ֪ǽϹΪԼҲа취һ佱Ϳο֮鵤ҪǮƵͳƸм㡣һ£ԽϰлʾҪúø潣λʦ
Ƶ֮һҲ˴Ŀģǿɳʰ״̬С֮Գһ˿֮ɫһݵ뽣
⻰дϵ̾ϢƬ̣ſڵȻСӷҪһˣϷҲ޷ֻϣ㽫úڲǡ
һΪҪ˵һΣգȴû뵽ȻἰǻۺƲҲܶԴûĻƲϵ˼ҴʱҲ˲ôࡣ
Ǽһᶨ˾ģҲȰ裬ֻŭ֮һ֮ɫķƮƮȻӿһӵУ˸֣ħ


һ ֱħ
ɽ֮£޾Ԩ֮УƺԶɢȻһֱԨ֮£Ȼ
ʲôˣôħߣ
һѲӵӼ⽣⾹Ȼкͷ˽æųɽǽӭ˹ȥ˭֪ǷɽûɳԶ̶ͬһ㣬Ȼ˶ˡ
ҪźͬŵʱһӴӽ֮˳ֳһƣ΢΢һЦλʦܣżͨڴˡ
ţ𵤸֣ӣѲӵӳһٿƣæֵȻʦǾȥɣֻʦַ⣬ٱ
Ե˵ͷһлȻԻ˼ֵٶȳ·ȥ
Ǵӽڣһõħĵϸ֪ԭڤ֮صھħ֮󣬱Ȳĳħ߸
ٴվħǰŲðŹĶߣһһȴ뵱һ
;ħЩ죬Ȼôħû뵽ȴѹڤĳڡڤ֮ôħҲˡҴˮĸǴмϹʱڤ֮һޱȿǿ硣ȻȲɽǿȴ˼Ҫ֪١жϾһδεش٣ڤ֮ҲûӹǱ飬һСڤˣÿһڤǿһĴڣи˵ûɼִڡõǣ˵ǽڤΧѲ꣬෬Ѳŵǽڤ֮ڣǱ˵ңǿٱСչȥһ࣬Ӧû⣬Σڤ֮أҶҪһġ
뵽һ׿ԳޱȼᶨɫͷҲصݽ𣬻ֱͶħ߶ȥ
һӰʧħе˲䣬һ͵Ӱͻأĳħ⣬ǵɨߡ߿ħУбһ˿⣬ſ૵˵
Ϊֻһԣû뵽Ȼ̶ͣʮʹﵽĳ̶ȣ·ϻЩҿĶǽӵֱˡһ˴ڤɲôýģϣСӵܹɣ
ɨߺٺһЦ֪óһɨ㣬ֿʼɨҶһ紵Ҷ춼ǣȴͬʱһ㣬ʧ
ȴ˵һħ֮Уǰνᳵ·ЩͼħӰӶûһȥˡ
һ嵽߲㣬Ҳǽ𵤼ħڡһƾ˱ҶҲ磬ʵȴûа¡ϰͷħԼһĶͷŵ
֮£Щ缢ƿʵǼһ㣬׷˱ܣҲгļͷһգһͱ̨뱴Ҷ֮ȥˡ
оҶ֮дµ֮һֻһᣬ˵þոһȥ㹻ħת֮ΪһΪ˴ڤСףշ뷨
˷⿪Щħ׷˱ܣһһ˵߲㣬ڰ˲㣬ھŲ㡣
ھŲħȻ٣һۿȥֻʮͷľЩħ弶ħȼϿԪӤ˵ĴڡŹħ֮࣬ЩħȻ壬ȴҲһȻҲǶûǻع㣬ʮһ㡣
ʮһ㣬ħ٣ħǿȺڸֵĴڣһͬʵʣٽһħʵΪħʱǾܽΪ߼ħ񼶵Ĵˡ
һˣԺ弶ħȻȴҲЩѹסһȴһ潫Ҷиֳͨʮɫֽħװͬ·һųһͷӲӵĴͷħɱȥ
ͷӲӵĴǼ̡֮ͫһͨͨ۷ŻԻеֶΡ
Ҳ֪һɱ̫ڤ̫õԵʣ۽ջȴ۳ڶ໤֮кųٶȵһĴʱࡣͷʽһн𵤼Ȼûڤпռ֮ٶҲǾ졣
ڸոͷյʱһ÷ǱעֶΡΪ˴ﵽõЧϧѪĽԭ϶ΪһԿռ֮²𿪣һʽ֮УʹͷҲܹ߶һռ֮
ǧñһʱһʽշųͷħȻǵķŭʹǷ׷׳׷ȥ
һﻹͣȾߣʮ㡣ħ٣һʼʩٴγɹ˳ʮ㡣


һ ߼ħ
̤ʮһɺӭ洵һ˲ͽһĻָһ˪
ˣһὫֿžðȫһȴһֶͨΣע뷨µԪͣƾ紵ϡ
ͨȻħһ࣬Ϊޣʮһʱ򣬻ú弶ħɵʮ㣬ٽͨ²ܿ·ᱻһЩ񼶵ħѰõǣħԽȻħĵȼԽԽߣҲԽԽ٣˼һۿȥûħӰӣã˵ܹط¾˳ͨãǾֻܸƴˡ
һ߲ͬҲʮǿ׳ƾǻȵѪҲܹ硣ѡһȥͬʱС̽һ˿ʶɢܱ̽ȥѰʮĲͨ
˵ʮǰʮ㶼һݺύֻȴ˲֪٣һʶ̿ԲʮҲɨһǰˡ
һ·ȥأʶ֮У˸оޱߵɷ֮ûмͨĺۼֻοǣͬûмԤǷħ׼һȥʱ򣬺һŨɷ֪֮֮С
еŨɷ֮һͷһΪ֪棬ֻֿܡһͨʮĲͨɷ֮ǴʮĲӿһͷħɷ֮Ǳġ
ǰһ֣ܹٴﵽʮĲ㣬Ǻһ֣ٵľһѹءֻǲһֿܣôòҵһͨĴڣǾôҲġһпܵ׼֮Ǿǰȥ̽
⣬һСĳɷ֮ȥӽֻĵطŶסɷ֮ͨǸӦɷ֮ĵطһڶĴ֮ԴԴϵķųŨɷ֮
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ͷħ˻Ƶ˵ĻȻԣתһԷӵпǻۣһȻˡ
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ħǿһ˼¸һЦɻɣΪʲôһʼͳ֡
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˵ħſ죬¶ڵݣÿһݶֳɭɭ⣬ƺҪڵһĽһĥ̳һ㡣
⻰һɫ䣬һЦԭˣԭħ¾ȻһӲ֮Ҳ֪ǰʱ򣬸»Ҳҳ֣˵Ҹطɪɪɣ
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һĿľҪŭԷһ仰ͳɹƷΧ֮ڣħɱ˲佫ſԪɷ֮ŷͨȫ֮ǿʮɵɷ֮ɢ
ˣôҲӲֶΣҪ̻ʲô
ôҪһһˣһһһ򷨣
һһֳǽһֽһǽͬһɿǴգۼ㻯һ˸µĴ󽣣һ̧һ׾ͳħնɱȥ


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һûжֽ֣΢΢һЦħ£ѵҿеʲô𣿡
ûʲôǱҿģ
ħһýħצ򿪣ֻһŽ׶ɫĻľðһѻ֮󣬱һŽâħƷ˳ͬһ㣬ɽâ˲佫֮ڶյͨ
̣ôۣ⵽ʲô
ħҽһһŶ˵ȻȣЩƣȴ㲻ʲôҫ۵Ĺâֱ̹˲˫ۣ̲סջħצס˫ۡ
С𣬹ˣɣ
һ̧һУŽâ˹âֳһͷѻͷѻѰѻһ㣬ֻˮͰСɫëȴԳڲͬһٻ£ѻƵĽһħתһȦͶһϡ
Ǻûᣬ߰ɣ
ǻ˫۲ҽвħһٺһЦųǽ˽һһͷǵʮĲͨȥˡ
һʧһ̣ħڻָŭһʮĲͨһȥͬʮĲ֮ͨгһɷֱ֮ӽ˳
ͨʮĲͨ뵽ѪʳˣħŭⶴҸòϱֻηŭҪ׷һȴҲȻˡ
ȴ˵һͨܿʮĲ㣬оŨɷ֮ļĻѻڵС㻹ǻصӿռɣĻʺ㣡
ͷѻȻԣæһɵĽиͣǲһľ
һҲ޷ֻóɱǺðɣ㲻ϽȥӿռĻ𾧾ˣҲҪʲôѨˡ
úɻɫѻȻһ㶣ͣڲݵĳ䵽һϣϵزһգʾõӣٴηһǰɵĽ
һݸһЦһ£ѻʧԭأǱӿռȥˡ
һʱһʵ׼Ҳ˲١޸ӿռ䣬һͷɫѻǵڵصöѻ̫ں֮Ĺѻ
ͷѻϱȲĸĸǰ磬СǴŸĸġһǾѾ֮ĸֻǿСһΪ̫ԭ򣬲Զͬ٭
֮⣬Сһڿб㾭𡯺ֲ̫ͬ͡ȴͬԵĻաʾͱվ˾ųɾţʹѪ˷ȻͲ󣬵֮̿Ѱ弶ޣԶͬķչռ䡣
һҲǿЩƣҴӻѻϿһӰӣ˼СһħƲһӣһʹùȻЧ
ջػѻСһٴͬʮһСĳ̽ȥһؾ˳˲٣˲һҵͨĴڣûмκħĺۼ
Ȼ֣ҲһУʮ㡣
ʮǶɽټħڣһССģٽҵͨʱ򣬷ֳŨޱȵɷ֮⣬Ȼħëûм
һٽҵ˼ǾЩˡͷһתйħߵϢһ飬յóһǾħʮĲûһͷħ
۵óƺЩϸһҲˡ˵ʮ˲ħߣÿһ㶼жӦħǵʮ˲Ǿżħ൱ڴڸֵĴڡĸֱ綼ûмص֮£ǵһʱըһʱܣͻᱬ
ȿԣκ˿ǾģǻͨɾҵλĴʦ
Ծһ봴֪֮ħߴڵĴʦѾֶͨΣвħɾʱ䣬ȻɸϽ𣬷꣬Ĳ˵񼶵ħͲֻһͷ


һ ˫⣬ڤ֮
ѹֽڲ֪ҷŹרſħŵҲϷһҲ룬ǽӦû֪ʮħ顣˵Ѿʮ㣬Ҳ˵ٽڤ֮ǰûΣˣ
һ뵽ﲻһϲϾ뷨ʮ˲ħҪʹֶΣѲʱͨ˵ܹʡˣǻڤ֮еʱ࣬ɹļҲ١
ȻһֻƲ⣬Ƿʵȷֱʮ㣬ʮ㣬ûзħ֮ȷ֮ʮ㣬ʮ߲㣬СһʶͨſԲﶼһ֮䣬ܿҵͨڡ
ʮ˲㣬ʮ߲㶼һûп޼ʵĶߣֻһɼĶңŨɷ֪֮ڶϮһЩܲס
һܣȷûΣ֮һּ̧佫һųһɷ֮ͬһ㣬͵ĴϸߣӼСһŻ绯Сһ㡣
СҲɣ
һһӳ佫ѻС˳һ󻶿ѻСϴ׶ɫ̫ҲɿŨɷ֮
һһȡһöֲ棬
ǽС׵ܶԸţͷû뵽λҪţͷµĶܾСף±ãѲ⣬ǳϲң
һԵ˵ͷֲŵ˫ϥϣ̧һ㣬һεСѪָڳεǸֲϣʱûѪֲ档һʱ֮󣬸ֲѪɢһһѪٴεγ
֮һϥϸֲ涼ԳѪɫһŵ˵ͷջѪֶΣֲУһϢӿڡ
ֻͬǵûнϢϳȥ뵤ΧŽ𵤣ʹһϢȻһ䣬ȻһЩħĸо
ɡɷ֮ĻѻСоһϵı仯æɹһҽС
С𶼲ϵˣ˵ͨѪڤıϢֶγɹˣһͷһϲŻѻСЦСѵĲʶô
⻰ѻСһ㶣һת˺üȦŻһȥڽӴһ˲䣬Сϵ̫˲һڤֲαװ
˰ˣһﻹǸһȥŰɣҽС׾Ȼٳɡ
ŻҽеĻѻСһҡҡͷҲԸԸ⣬һ£ͽװӿռȥˡ
˿ϡ˲ٵɷ֮һĳ̶ӦÿԼڤ֮ˣ
˵䣬̧ջ׳˰ٱ𣬶ӻϴǵħ
һֳַģһɽⲪȻǰеһɡһһʵǷͨǽмߣΪﵽ㣬ʱԪӤ١ȴɽ⡣
һǰ뽣϶ԡ˽֮һ˿򡣾ʱ䣬ͨݣŲ˵֮ǽǡ˽֮ǽ⡣
ǽϵġħ޺׽ġɱ¾⡯ɶԵĽ⣬ԼҪͻ֮˽֮ҲֻвϴĥγԼĽ⣬ܴһ
ʣİʱ˴ʱ䣬ĥԼĽ⡣ڵе֮£Լһݣˮĸеõģ̺ļУһԼģ˫Ľ⡣
ɽ⣬һȻΪûûӣʵҲûԵǿȴվڸߵľϡȻɽ⻹ֻ̫Ҫϵ׳ʵһͿһﵽལһ󼰵ĳ̶ȣֵС
Ȼ鲻ǿջʱ֮ԼⲻΪ˱ģֻΪҲǽϵĿ顣
ϴһȻܹ˵еġڤ֮šͨڤ֮أȴһȱ㡣ȫƾļǾֻһŵƬԿڤ֮һΣܽȴܳ
ҪھС֮ٳҪעԼĽ⣬ĺڤ֮ţһпڿڤ֮źٿһΡ
еķģһǼᶨ֮ɫһֱע֮УĵƮһ֮һӺ˽ϡħ⣬һľ޴Ӱƾۡ
ֻǵӰһնһ˲䣬һֻضնӣһ֨֨¸µӰն֮һôŻ򿪣һƵľ֡


һ ڤ
ڤ֮ţ
ܵ洫Ϣһһ̧һУǹ⻪ķУ˿ɣݶһͷڤ֮ȥˡ
һʧ˲䣬ڤ֮ҲȥϢʱɢʱһӰͻأĳʮ˲ħ֮СԼɼһŻ۵Ļߡ
ڤ֮źһʧķ˿̾һӰҪȥʱһӰͻأ֣ӰʵʵĴڣɨߡ
ʦܣô꣬ڿϳˣ
ԣӰٴʵɨһ֪ӲϲĶĿ
ɨ߲Ϊ⣬ٺһЦϲϲĺãʦ㲻ҲһôһΪһӴڽڣشٲû뵽Ҳ˼Ȼôһӣǿϲɺذ
⻪߾Ȼǽڣ֮еĽϡɨᵽһתͷҵĵӣˣŽһ̰ˣȻܹɽһĽܳӱȥҲǲӵġ
⻰ɨʲô̾һʦܣΪʲôɱ¾ʷҲпԭΪβҪҿڴ㣬Ҫƾһ֮ɽ١
ԣҲ΢΢ݣ;Ĩȥһɨ˵ȥӰһΣʧԭأֻһ仰Ȼҵӣ˸ҶԸ͵ͬԸңʦֺΪ֮
ɨҡҡͷ̾һǵǰǿѾǱŵ棬ҫ˭ܱȵù˵㽣һ󣬱ǳΪҲǲܣֺο˾ءˣˣȻĵӣʦֵľշһˡգҲһΣʧԭء
һƬգһлƵĻĮ֮УһӰͻأĳ֣ǽڤ֮ŵһ
ֵһ˲䣬ԭģӰûеĻĮ֮ͻȻХ֮һӻĮ֮һף˻⳯˹
꣡
һüͷ΢壬̧һָٵǽ֮зɳһܣʱг顣
ƽͬǣЩȻˣȴûǱһٴְֻ꣬˽ţͷۣԵʮֹ졣
ڤ֮عȻ֮أ˼ʮִȴΪѰ֣ԪӤ嶼ʮ鷳˵ȴ㲻鷳ҷȱڤգɳɷ𣡡
һںţ˫ǰʮǶӴžطĴԺɳط⵱һҫâ֮Щ׷׺ų·ȥƬ֮󣬺нɢһͷͷŹȾ˷ĽԣһĤ
ڤ֮࣬ҾΪǽѰɣ
һ΢΢һЦһֱ֮дЩѾȻ׷پСתϴˢһŻͶ̨ҶȥˣһͽԼȻոҼ򵥵ǵļ䣬ֻüͷ΢壬Ȼ⡣
Щ಻Ұ֮Ǳ͵ͣپ֮ǴɥӶֻӶɱԭҰ޶硣˿ҪõϢϸǿС
뵽һҪȥʱһŨ˷ͨ濴ȥһһľ
ԭʮ֮һΪģߴɵĺɫαڶϸһ֮ȫ꣬Щ˻ţţһ˶ɵӿ
˵ЩȼܵͣһܹȻȴֲ̫ƣ˵һΪֻǳɾ͸ϲġԲﵽȺġĦ޳磬ҪȻܣڤķɣѹֽ˵޳ҵλû׼ڤǾ͵Ѱ·ˡ
һһУ侪ңǰ׼õĸֲ棬һһ˿˿ڤ֮ڣסһвڤ
ԭ¶Ԫͷŷһڤͬһ޾꣬˲䣬յƶʱϨȻڵڤҹĻ֮С
ЩεʧȥĿڣڵλͣ£Ƭ̣һͬ紵ɳһɢȥ׷ûĮʧ
ֽ˼ǧͷִų֮һãã޼ʵڤ֮طųʶڸ֪һŨķ򣬱𽣹˹ȥ


һ ͹ǣС
ڤ֮֮أɣòգһڻ֮СڤһƬĮ֮УԶԶһӰƮ
ſɫɷףü죬ݣֲֳָ棬͹ڤй»ҰŷɥĹ
˴ϵᣬʲôΣһףоѪӦһͷ¹ˣΪʲôһʧˣѵǸЩ»Ұ˲ɣ
ţҲ˵Щ»Ұֻֻ֮࣬ͬѪдѪ¹һ˲ͻᱻ̳Եð㲻ʣ
ɶЩĹ»ҰһôûУǰ£ҸЩͷ
ŭһпɥ͵һƣһɹǺ˷ȥһͷͷ»ҰҲƵĴӵҪ˷ȥɥĿ֮˲ѣڹ档
ʩչһֶΣŽЩѿĶһֵ쵽ͷˣץһͷ¹ôϽȴպòһͷһֵóԿͷ
⻰һһ˿ңСʵû취ǾҸᣬȥץ˰ɣ
ţץˣôܣҪţͷһĸ߼鰡ҾҲֻܷǰȥǲСܹ񡣡һͷ󾪵
꣬СЩ뱻ɣﵽǹ»Ұܱ֪Ǿˣ
ѵȥ˼䣬˵˵
ðɣҾ͸˵˵ˣʵҲܰ쵽ԪݱԸܣİǰúãܹץ㹻ķˣ˵ǻץ֮ʱţһҲͲ
ŶԪݱµһԭˣǹǾͰõˣ˵˵ô£кôҾ͸һˡ
ã͵仰أʵţôѪ˵ȴеѪƾðæ
ߣͷССĹȻ˼ע⣬ҽ˳ֽǽˣҲǻˣһƾմͬʱֵıһƬɫ
ţʲôˣȻװŪ
ףԣʿֶΣڤ羹Ȼ룬죬˷ѶϢ˼ʿ
˵䣬ͷֱųһҹҪͬһȥʱ֮зֳ׷ȥֻžžҹ⾡ը
ߣ봫Ѷҷءȡ䡢ˣ
ͬէ죬ʱͷڵǻعһöͷ˹ط͵һǱͷתټһֵתǱҲűһʱ̾ϯȫ
ʱ֮вſһź۵ǰǰڤһ
ߵͷǰŶͷת֣һͼǰͼ֮һطŮӣŮǱˣڤ֮ĿڣҲѰ˰궼ûټСס
û뵽ڤѰôã֪˶ٹأҵˣһɫһϲһֱӵĹͷƬ֮ǱѾȻĹҽһɢ
һʱ˫ĿգڻʲôƬ֮ǰ֮еͼһһСԭȻڶ̶ʱھƾͨ˹ļ䣬СйصĶ
ԭˣԪݱ͹ǣãܺá
һĵ˵ͷּ佫һͷͬʱһѷͷĺۼĨȥѡ˷𽣷һ⽫ԼЮݽ͹Ƿȥ
֮һĴһǰһǳرȵϷ˽һСĴСǽϲףеķеĿеľ֣еŭš
ڤԭסǳر֪һͷĹȡҲһһеĿĵأ͹ǡ
һͷǷ񼶵Ĵڣͳֶͬ棬˵һ
СԪ͹ʮĵط½תѪֲ棬˲˼ʿϢڸűķһתһ˲۳һѾ֮УеȲε
ΪѰСףһǱǣһα¶⣬涼ʮ˳Ҫ͹ǿᳵ·˸Σܿ͹Ǵ¡


һһ ̽͹
λµȻһ꾹Ȼûм㣡һ棬ҡڴŵʱһͷţͷס
ţͷȻԪӤһΪһǵ壬һֺԷһͳһңԪݱ¹ȥδ顣ŰɣҲϵ㣬Ҳ֪ļҹ˵ֵ
ţͷáԪݱ֣ټһǿƣʱһ۹һ˸ºԭԪݱµĹҼҹԪݹλֵܣҲԼֵܣֵżȻҪǾͿȥɡ
һ״˵ͷҪȥȴзӻͳöں͵ţͷ˹ȥ
ȻںâȻǴĻ塣ڤ˼粻ͬ˲ɷ֮⣬꣬ǿںеƬ
Ѱ»Ұ̫ӣɣΨ¹ͳϹǰѪûȾ߾ҲǴй׽¹顣
һͳⶫǶľȻ㲻Ƭǰ㴿⣬Ҳǿڤʯʯֵٱǧ
ţͷһⶫԭлһ˿䱸ϲһֵܣǣ
һӲϼһ㶮áı飬ٺһЦֵ̫ãν߲سϢϵҲޡСܼţͷԵ֣СʶλֵܣϣţͷܹҽܽܽպչֵһѲǡ
˵һֻ֪һϢⱾ۲ţͷﻹƴǣ֮󣬱˵ЩֵĻһԱ˵ǰл
ԭһСļ䣬Ѿ͹ǵʽ˽һСվλ̫ͣںܶණʮȻţͷĵλͲͬˣһһ¸£ͲƵģ֪ĸƶ˸һʱһ͹ǵ˽ࡣ
֪ԼϢ֮һȥţͷȫףϧĿһȥһһʧţҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ٺ٣ҼԪݴԸעԪݱһһȻôһͷطӶȻǰȥˡֻҪԪݴˣܹõ֮ǰȽˣʱԪݴˣ˵ʹֱͣӽҲпܡ
ţͷԸ¹غãԼ˸ƧҪ⼸Ż塣Լıųɻʱ򣬺ǻ֮˳
⣡
ţͷȫĶ棬뵽ôһСֻ̫շһֱ֮Уһ˲䣬Ǳ걻ն߰˿顣
ţͷ׼Ѹٹ£Ԫʱ򣬻մһö֮У߰˵ħӡֱӽⱻг߰˿ıֱӡ뱾ϵϵţͷǲҽһûУ㵹ϣɢɷ֮
͹дϵһţ¶һ˿Ц̧һУһֲСͬʱһ˿΢ɲĽâӸֲ֮зȥˡ
ȻǺ֮ĲУ֮ĲޣӦǷ֮Ĳ޲Ŷԡ
ԭһ򽻵ǵΪԣ֪Ǯʹĥ͡ƪص㡣һûöԷ֪Լ͹ǵ׼ţͷһ֣Ȼá
һߣһ߽ţͷı̨뱴Ҷ֮ѹȻȥˡż֮еķλһߵ͹롣һʯͷĹӹǰһСȴͬӵĹЩط͹ǵĹԼ͹ڡ
͹ǵĳȻ㲻϶ǿҲǷһĴڣӲƴұпֶΣҲǶȻǲеġõһܹúãͲˡ
˵䣬һתףǴСεĹ顮Ԫݱ֣ǹµһԪݱĸۡڡ
ԪݱΪµһʵǿȺ۷֡䱾֮Ǹֶζ಻ǾʹӲҲ˵򲻴ùܲҵ˵Һõǣ͹Ȼйͳ죬ڹġԪݱǹĸ⵽ļʡһҪ£ǿ໥ǣƵġ
뵽һֿһЦתȥܿʧ


һ Ԫݱ
֮ԪݱУڶСæµԼ飬ͥ򴫳һ죬йһ
֮ͥһڼףĺӸϡһţͷΨΨŵŵķ࣬һɫ׵СǰԵԪݱΪ˷ŭ˵˴ˣҵһΪ˲ǡ
Сһڱɱڣһɷ֣֮ȻǺ弶Ĺ֮ǿ˲·ڶţͷѹ˺
Ԫݱ״йھʲôҡҡͷɣԭȻҵİ޳˹վǳѹµĹû⣬ҪԸЩϼһȴЩ򡣡
ɣԭüޣȻЩ˴ˣԪݱйΣǱҪѹһͷΪ˷ŭ
⻰ԪݱһһȺˣƽڹǰ˵ĻҪ֮Ĺϵ⵹ңЩֶζС£ȫУ־ܽһǾȻ׽ǵ飬Ȼ״浽ñҺù֪ϹѪֻѰûжġҿԱˡ
˵䣬ԪݱɢȻûȫȴҲɣԭֱӽΪѹһƬ
ԪݱҵĹ޶ģܽ˵˵ȥ뵽Ԫݱ˵һЩţͷ׷װݵ޴ʾġ
ߣĲҲ֪Ǳ֮бӡһһڱգҪѣҾϢ©ҴҲ֪ô¡ǰգһĹ¸ЩһѲ˹ϵϢؾط©ġҲҪΪǵ©ûˡٸȫһ¹Ҫ鱩¶֮ǰѪǡóɹʱ򣬼ٲϽ׳ñ¯Ǿ͹ֲñǿˡʱ¯Ҫ˰޳ɹʱȥɣ͹ǻŻԼ˵
⻰ԪݱڶţͷæزᣬƬ֮Ԫݱһ£׷ȥҪΪѰҲáѪǡĲȥˡƬֻ̣ʣԪݱɣԭ
ԪݱˣѾץסˣȻӲ㶼ɿôȥһڤ֮ͬǾͳ˹»ҰҲ
ߣͷȷʵӲѪϹʱϡٵĴڡҪԶϣ̶ȵķ¯ãǿˡʱ쵽ˣҲĥòˣٸһλᣬǲӦáѪǡǣõ˵
ˣҲûа취Һʱ沼áѪǡ¹ѾץòˣֻҪЩѪܹʱһԪݱ˳ɹҵҲմˡ
Ԫݱ˵ͷʲôɣԭһǾЩΣȥ̽һ£ԪݣԪЩһõϢСҲͰˣֶθǿǣ¾Щ⡣
⻰ɣԭҲ˹־ͳȥ
ɣԭȥıӰԪݱԵ˵ͷȥһλɣԸܣԸΪ»Ұ
˵䣬ԪݱһתһƬӰƾһʧԭءʧ˲䣬һԲĻҹҲʧڰӰ֮СƬ֮󣬿տյͥһ
Ȼϣһдݾ߾ܽҴСǰ
һһĨȥϵαװһݣԪݱʧĵطƺ̽ѰʲôƬ֮¶һ˿Цݡ
ԭˣȻޱɷ֮һֽ֮ЩƣȻЩª˽ӿռ䣬˽⣬δȥЩ鷳ٺ٣
һ¶һ˿Ц΢΢ʼ磬һ˫ռ֮һǰ͵һһռѷֳɷ֮籡һһ룬ʧԭء
عһɭĶǰǰ׹ɣ֮дԶĲҽкһӰƮƮĴڰ׹Ǽ֮䡣
һǻˣŵõڤεһҲֻһ㡣׼ǰʱȴͣ˲Գһ˿ζ


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žડžડ
һϵĴ촫ĶսǴתһֲֳָİ׹Щ棬²뻮һƺܹϿѵľһ㡣
ÿܣ
ԭЩʹֶΣð׹ǺƶɵĿܣûκθĴڣֻ£ڤϲػֶΡһִڣȻ־ܽȴԸ˼һˡ
ȻЩÿһٶȣӰӶûп㱻һһͨȥ
һûжԶÿܳ֡һβһԣӿܴͨͬʱ֡
һ֪Ƕ㲻ȥҲңͷһתһġ̤ʱԳ
һ̤˲ڰ׹ǱϣԭܲĽƾȻһûзӦƾһ棬ߣһӹһ԰׹õͷȥ
ת֮һλȣ̤ǽԽһӶӲýܵÿǰͬ衣һ֮һڹһǰ棬ԥһ˹ȥ
ڹ֮УһǰһⷿĴڣ˸ʽڤ籦˵Ԫݱı⡣
ƺ̫ԼĲãЩⷿȻһ㾯⣬ֶζûС
һΪ˾С׶һҲ˼һЦԼֶʩչƾ㲥ͽЩԭⲻı֮ܿⷿУſӾͷ
һӿռ䣬ǾḻټʹˮĸѹεĲֱԼΪǣԿռͨ˽ԭ򣬽ӿռ䲻ԶǰνЩ⾡նûԳ׽
Ѱʱȡб֮Уĳ̽ȥǸͱвͬɭֲһǴͻͬ⵶ÿһǿıȵϵͼĴڡ
ЩһҲںʱʹܳʮأȻԼһҽŭ𣬽ԼƤ޳Ӹ
ԪݱˣȻҽţʱҪÿ
ߣץס㻹ؼգҲ룬ٽ֪ܶ˵һԿһռɢΣ
룬˽Ҳ˵Ҫ˵Ҳǹ˽ãժߣ¶Ұġ
ߣͷһڤ粻飬Ǿ͸һʹɣ˵һƤ
ԭΪԪݱڶԸСףһƺڶԸˣһŷ
˷̽һ֮һһֵͨǰ͸һ˿˿Ϥζ
һһԳһ˿ϲ֮ɫ̤һͳǸȥÿãһͥԺһǰ
ð׹Եǰ룬һдʱһУΪȫһʤѩıӰ
סͷļһССףô
⻰΢΢һתͷһǵٴ¶һǰһ˿԰Բ̬۷ոŮСף˵С׵Ļǡ
Сһ˿ϲһı飬ǿ˼һֵĮڤôˣ
һСױ仯ȫ𵱳ΪԼֵ޺׽һ£ͷһۣǹһ˿Цݣ˵ͷˣȥ
򵥵İ˸֣С׶УԭϹı˪һ˲⣬һˮתϲãǾᣬһʱ֮侹ȻЩƲס
״һһСǰ΢΢һЦ߰ɣ
СԣԭһȻС˵ĵ˵ͷһСڶ˽Ӵ˲䣬С׵־Ȼͬһ㴩˹ȥ
С¶һ˿ʧı飬ʲô˲ǰϲñɾɥһ˼Ҳ²͸С뷨ֻ΢΢һЦСף㻹꣬ûбɹ»ҰҲûڤֶΣһҲãʡȥط֮ɷ֮鷳
ط䣬ɷ֮Сԣһ˿ϣ
Ѿҽκˣ˽ϳȣֻҪһȥ㻹˵ţһᶨĵ˵ͷٴν˳
СҪٴʱһƾմҾ֪˴룬ΪЩϹû뵽ȻǷߡ


һ ڶʳ
һϮڼףͽ˶Ǵ˼Ԫݱ
Ԫݱһ˫ڵĹ۽һ´һԴЩ΢Ծ˵Ϊڤ粻ţͷһû뵽ȻҴڤ磬Ҵ뱾ǺôĵӰ
һȻ֪Լ˼ҪȫסԪݱǲܵģҲû뵽ôͱֻ֡µ̫ҲáԪݱ˵ֻ΢΢һЦ˹ˣµӲֻΪ˾ˣƲѰˡ
ƲѣԪݱһٲһתͷСף˵ʱ䣬ֶٰΣȰ˵㣬ֻҪֳ˫ޣٲĺôϴӦҪѵΪ˲ɣ
С׿Ԫݱ˿壬⻰һ˿һƺԼҲ˼һ
СײԪݱȴõԼĴ𰸣һõúܣһͷĵĺ꾫ȻΪ˵ҽɱͷˣͻԸӦҪˡ
˵䣬Ԫݱ̧ڵĹצҪһȥʱС͵̧ͷһ㲻ɱ
⻰Ԫݱֶõ·ͣһЦĿС׵ҪҲɱҲУֻҪӦ˱Ҿͷһ·
Сɫ΢΢һ䣬һԵһӵɣǾʲô˵ͷԪݱãֻҪҾʹӦ㡣
Ԫݱɭ¶һ˿⣬ͷһ̧ʾС׳߹ȥС׼״ԥһ£ƶŲӳԪݱȥ
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һȴС͵һͣȻǱһò֪ʲôֶνץסˡ
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ԪݱۼҪɹȴһͷŭ̧һڹ⳯һȥ
һǹһ˿Цһǽ֣һʮ׷ɶһʣ㽫Ǻڹ顣
Ԫݱ״һȻһһûϣһԪӤţͷһﲻ漶ĴڣȻ׾ٵĵֵסɼһ㡣
Ҷһڤ֮أȻЩֶΣΪƾֵܵסôǸٻҴ£Ųʲôŵŵɱ
һ˿Ϊ͵һСԼǰԪݱǼһЦƥֵס½С׽㣬ҲὫҷߣˣֺαޱء
Ԫݱɫһ㶣ͷЦСӣ㲻Щʵ˼͸˱Ҳ¯ˣȡᣬƾʲô̸ȡȡǣҪôô㣬ߣλȥɢЩԱϢ
ԪݱʶԼֶΣһЦЦС׵㿴˶ˣΪһҲûõģȻˣɴͲҪһ߰ɣ
СΪһ壬ǻ۱ͳˣһڱ˽꣬һͷޱȸӣʱǰľû뵽ԪݱȻںƭָޱȷŭǿӲǼᶨı飬ͷûҲһů
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ԪݱȻʶǳȴûϹһһӳȥͷ־ŭŭ֮æʩչֶΣ֮طͽ
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Сף̫ΣգĻ岢δ𣬾ȵҵĽӿռ֮У׼˺Щ壬Ծգֲİɣ
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һ΢΢һЦһ£ͽСУʱθһ֣ȥ
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һζתһؽƵڣֻһʮɸ£ֶĴųǰ
Ħڭءȡ䡢ˣƣ
һͬʱתֳ͵ĳǵţһںǺը죬׳ĴźȻըѣһɭֲڳһǰ
һ֮УѺĲˣһͷͷͷֶ㣬ãը͹ɽ𺣣ֲ󣬲һ㣬һʶ֮ҲͷƤ顣
üһϹŴ˵֮Уڤ֮һڣʮ˲ÿһ㶼ǿ̣ɽ࣬͹ȵȲһ㣬ⷬ⾰ȻмƣѵԪݱǵϹŵУҪؿɡ
һɻУȴ֪Ԫݱ׷һЦͷҲصı㳯ȥ
һСҪҲҪҪܾС֮࣬óƬ֮ԪݱԭأԼ಼ñ˴ƣŭҲȥ
һһ·ɱһͷǵûо£ļᶨһ˿ѷףɾҵЩѵļᶨ
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ɢǿɷ֮ĴڹһſڵʲôˣȻԪݱǻأ˴һֱֻһôѵ˲ɣ
һһ֪ǰԪݱʵˣҲҪҵĿڡ
һѾ±仯Ϣ޴һ˿ϻ̳ϿֵˣСǷ˹ǰԪݱ͹ǵ֤ݡйֶΰ˴ֻû뵽ǱԪݱ֣ˣ˰æ
Ǵڹԣ¶һ˿ɣһȡһöŵʱˣæãõúܣڿԪݱ˵ҰģҸһͬȥУҶ֣˶УҶ˶ᵽС̵ʱȻ͵ϮңҵĵСй˴һ类ЩõΣ˲٣ʵٲ򵹣͹ǶҪᣬãҴĹƣͨˣٲľء
һæǣһ㳯ûʩչǿֶδ򿪽ƣĥĥ䣬Ǵ򲻿ӡ
ԭ˸ɫʵϹôˡֻҪһ֮ҪôԸһ˵㡣
ٳٴ򲻿ҲЩżŭһ̾ѣһƳǽƴȥȻ˾ųɽƵ
ʱ澢٣ڹҲ֪ȻԪݱæһʱ򿪣ʱ
һҪľϹʱ䣬οԼкȴɲȫֻһһߴ򿪽һ߻ظСֶޣԵȡ
˵䣬һӰ֣ԪݱͻأĳһڴԼĽƣͷ΢΢ԾŭǣڹȻһ򿪽ƣҿӾȻ˴롣
ˣҽųҪ
죬򿪰ڲǶҪ
ļǵĳһǹһ˿΢Цһһֶγ֮Уԭֻ˴룬СĽƾȻ˲䱻ƣͨһ䵽档
ʹͷϹһԪݱǾŭڹǾϲѡ
һŭ𣬴ڹһϣʧȥ˽ػﾭܵһ˲ͱɢһСһԵһڹڻǷ˶Ը뷨
ڳˣԪݱˣҪȡ㹷ڹ͵ɢϢ
Ԫݱӣﻹܵǻһһٸȥɣ˫צץȥ
ǵĵһȻ꣬ɻе̣޳֣˫צȭ͵ĳԪݱһȥ֮ͣԪݱ˫צסԪݱɡ
ԪݱôãҪĶѨùҰģ㳹״ٲ֮أȻһռţȴ֪Լ˥ܾãһлһ־תȥ
϶ܣԪݱܣٲ˲һС׵ټٶתɿ죬͵ĸȥ
ͷԶһӰӰ߳ǳʧһ


һ 뿪͹
ԶȥͷһȻһЦĹ
˵ţҪȥ߳һ㣬棬Щ֣ɵͣ˵һ˴ȱ˼ҪЩȳǺһϤİĸо
ԸӦһʲôԳһ˿ϲɫʮ˲һȦȷ
ãõúܣΪϹŵֻħһдû뵽ڤȻҲ̳ȷʵϹʮ˲һͷĻǣֺγڴǡȻȲƬǰ㱾ԴϹŵĹģһ˲䲻֪жٻǣȴֲѰܱȵˡҺò״޺׽֮еõһֶΣܹ꣬塣û뵽һĵǰܹϡ㲻ܵõƬܹ壬СҲǺõġ
뵽սСһжʱֻɣ˼һʱʼȫ̽Ƭ֮Ȼͨ޺׽֮вСϵ͵һԭǶڶ֮еСͬһ㱻
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һȫתֽֿ֮ռڳŵĳ̶ȣȻ͵һУС
С֮һȻķѲ٣ȴ֪˵ǲ˾תͳ汼ȥ棬ԪݱжһƬңԪݱ飬ɣԭڿд֣пƣͱ֪
һֵʱѾٴλԪݱƣͷʮֵ⡣ٵҲҾһЦڶҵĹ֮оʧ
Դ֮͹кϢԭµһԪݱʧ٣ǰʧĵһ³֣ùΣ³Ϊµһ
Ϣһʱ͹Ƿ˷츲صı仯ԭԪݱĹ׷ױѹվɲ²ʱڶ׷׶
͹һڣһȺȺɢԾԾԣΨһĿһ۾ȥˡ
ʧ٣ٺ٣ֹڷ䣬ڤҲ˰ӣԪݱõϹŵĴУôʧٵģʱôɣӹ˹׷ɱɣ
ͷһ仯ӳԪݱ֮ûмߣ͹Ϊڤ絽ǹ»ҰĴڣҪѺױ֣ǳǳ֮УйֵֶΣ˹»Ұ̽顣÷һ仰Σյĵطȫĵط
˶⣬һʱ佫СΪһڷĴڡСһԼȻɲ֮ܽΪƬĴڣ壬СȴҲܹﵽˡ
̶ʱ䣬һڵصԼֶõĴ⣬ԪݱĻ嶼ṩСɡ
СΪڤ磬ڡڤ֮˸Ĳ˲䣬ѸٵĻָԭ걾ҲﵽһֻҪָܹʱһ֮󣬱˳µ弶Ĵڡ
СףʱҲˣȻΪгɣܹһʱ䣬ڤͬ˵ȴҲʺϾǾʹ˻ȥɣһĴ
ʱСȻûҲ統һһУ⻰Ҳ˵ֻġšһ
ǰһҪһ󣬵һξͱǵĤȻûͷƵ㺣ȴȻȻ׶ԷԼеλá
һţһ΢΢һЦû뵽С׼ٰԼĵ£ȻϷ棬Եԡ
Ϊ˲ע⣬һҲֱӳǣװӦĹǰȥ鸮ֻۡΪ̫ûѡֻͬڶѡĹһ뿪͹ǡ
һֱԶ͹һſʼֱ뿪ǧŻָĿҽСҲ˳
ʱһһףһһͬͣСģͬӣüĿ֮䴫ݵ꣬Ƴ۲ѡ
Ϊ˾ĸϵڤ֮Ŵ򿪵ĵطһſݣСƿվȥգԭڤ֮ŵڡ
Сף㿪ڤ֮Żг֮ܵӰ죬ȻصСȥ˳㴿ǣûصţÿԻꡣ
СԣԳһ˿ᣬҲɵĵ˵ͷҪһͶȥʱһɫƥС׾һһϣ˹ȥ
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Ԫݱ
һ˲㷴Ӧӳ͹ǵԪݱֻû뵽ǣôһͷȻ׷ڲ࣬ȵԼиʱСߡ
ȻһЦһڼ׳һź֮߳Ԫݱǰ緢ͬǣʱһǱɫҰ֮иԳŨŨԹ֮ɫ
ߣû뵽ľӪ꣬ȻͻôһСϣǲİͷС꣬û뵽̶ʱôŨ֮˽ض˰ɣããЩٶҲûˣôǿǿвժһЩҲˡֻҪɹժڣɻ硣ʱ򷵻͹ǣϼһй鶼֪
˵䣬ԪݱſһͽС븹УȻԼС׹Ѻ
һһĻ׹ֱðȴ֪Լȫ׼һǹĶ֣˵С׻ڶԷ
һüͷǿѹŻڵˣ䵽زȫµĹСײûʲôϵʲôԳαΪ
Ԫݱͺ޼һ⻰ʱŭЦ˵úãȷʵ䵽أȷʵĴǼӣõİ취ĥ㣬ǵȡڣȻʱɱ㣬Ȿͷ֮ޣ
㣡һŭڣ뵽ԪݱڵСףѹסˣôһڵġ
ڣԪݱһ㶣ЦڣǸúڣΪʲôҪȫϣΪʲôڣ겼ûһΪʲôûһɱ㣡ҲٺڣΪϾҪɱ㣬ڣȻɱ͹ǣ
Ԫݱ״ӣһɫ࣬˼ȴɿתһһ
ˣһ飬˵ҪĶֻҪϷСףҾ͸ҪġΣ
ţҪĶߣҾҪңҾͷ㣡ԪݱɫԽ
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һ״֪ԪݱȻӲȴҲ⶯ˣ룬ͽǺķѹķȡһΣʦŴĿڤ֮ŵķģС׵ʱ˿ܣֻϣسŵҾͿϿڤ֮ţ͹˷ط䡣
Ҳмʶˣһ۱㿴ĵͷԾ֮£һһ˿ȤҪ֪һ㲻С׸С
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ֻѰ£ڤͷĸΪԽߵԽСɴ磬ܶκ˲Ӱ죻ţͷ֮¹Խǿߵ뷲䣻ţͷ棬Ǿֻܵݳһ˿񣻶ǿĹ֮ϵĸ֣Ǿǰ㶼ܹȥġ
ʶһܹڷõֶΣĴţش󣬶Ԫݱ˵ܿɹĻᡣ
Ƭ̣Ԫݱһ´һſڵɣܹص䣬ҾʹӦɱǡ
һεǻۣһ˲ͷԪݱе©ͷҲƣڴˣæӦǽĵ˳
Ԫݱ״ɵóһ£ӵУȷʵûдֻȴԼʹòˣΪŨĽǵнֶβܹ߶
Ѱ˶ҪΪһѣԪݱȴûзΪŷǹƶ˵󣬷ǱڳŵøһЩ
һ룬Ԫݱ̸ĵλһּۻ֮һŵԪݱ͵䣬ԪݱӦŹǶˡΪ˱ʾ⣬һԪݱԼ½ƣԪݱֶεСͻһ
˫ͳһ֮ؿڤ֮ŵٴοʼΪҪЯ뷲䣬һòҹ˫۷塣


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գ㹻һԭǰһ̻ƽƽ棬һ˲䣬Բʮ֮ͳ˫ƥĽ⡣ƱڤʱǿһȻǰѰСټʱûз
оһϵĽ⣬һԾ޵С׺ԪݱͬʱѡһСЦ⣬ԪݱǼɵ֮ɫ
СӣȻôǿ־ԣ־ѰͬȻǽ֮еĽ⣬ڵõеʱǼȼ¼ƺʮǰһܹ֮кֱײĴɣɽɡɽȫʢʱΪܳĵӲὣ⣬ΪͶҪԪӤˮ׼СӲڶѣȻ̫ţһǿʦšǰߣҵǲ壬Ǻߡ
Ԫݱ˼ʱһоâһſ͵һܵĽ⾡ջһʱ䣬ͬһγԭء
ˣǿԿʼˣΪһͶһȻǲðײá
ãٴ򿪰ɣԪݱӦҲˬ죬˵ͷͰڿƣһӳʱԲʮ֮ڵĹ»Ұɨ
һͬС׽һ֮Ľӿռ֮Žȡ˳дʣ󶯽⹴֮нϵġħ⡣
Ƭ̣һɸǿ󣬸ϬĽӽ֮ɢնħϢһûʲôԪݱ˲еһѹȸС
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ˣ߰ɣ
һҲԪݱһͳ֮ſȥԪݱһԼУǼټ֣ͬһ˹ȥڶȫ˲䣬֮ѵһȻرգɢЩϹҪ˳糵Ĺ»Ұ档
һߣ֮Уħߵʮ˲㣬һĹһԪݱȺ֡
оһɹŨĲͬɷ֮һ¶һ˿Цݣ˿ԾԪݱ΢΢һЦôˣɸоǷ䣿
Ԫݱԣ΢΢ĿӦƬ̣ǿϲ֮ɫЦﲻڤ磬Ƿ䡣
һĵ˵ͷȻˣѾǰԼ͹˳ˣ˽ϵĽưɡ
Ԫݱϲɫ΢΢һٺһЦǽ͵˷䣬ȴЩԾҪ⿪ĽҲǲԣʹҳȥ˳ٸɱЩֱ磬ױ֤Լİȫ˵ɣ
һɫһˣ⻰ʲô˼ɸǰ˵õòͬѵù˾ȻҪΥԼɣ
ΥԼԪݱһЦ㲻ΥԼǶ֮ǰٻһҵ飬ҪһˡȻϽС׳ҲԲΪ㣬ȥǡ
㣡һɫǵ࣬⼤һϴƺʱҪԪݱƴһսƬ֮һƣƻԼȻɱҰɣðɣҾ㣬ȥٰɱ˾ǡ
˵䣬һҲָͨʮ߲ķ򣬱˹ȥ
Ԫݱ뼤ŭһԼɱ֮û뵽һȻӦȻЩԸȴҲˣһЦȥһ˫ת֪ڴĹ⡣
һ·˴ʮ߲㣬ʮ㣬ʮ㣬ʮĲ㣬ʮĲ㵽ʮͨ
һɲԲһķ˽ȥڳͨʱһڹ⵱ͷɱϲǹһ˿Ц̤ٶһһ߷ɣһ߿еʦǰٶ֣նɱţ
һǺڹһ㶣˲䣬֮ͨԪݱӭǺڹ⣬ǴһһħΪǿֱײһ
ˣһһħһһȺЩͷԣԪݱȻԷħȴԷһͳԼɱΪȻһƶԸԼħҲˡһսһ
һﻹϾȻһЦͳʮͨɹȥ


һ ѹצ
һһħβ֪ԼһĵֻǲģҪͣȴ¶Է͵ϮͣһѾ˵ʮͨſڡ
ҲİħŭһһݣȻƿռ׷ȥ
ƶˣҽҪԪݱûпռֻͨܲԼĴ߶ƣҪɱһ
һʮͨǰͷһһħٺһЦһռ֮ʱʮռѷ첼⣬ȻֵܵħĿռͨ谭һ£ӳʱҲõ
ʱ͵һȻԪݱĽáûԪݱ⣬һɫƵΰӰڶ𣬱Ǻɫһʾͻ顣
һ֮в֮רŽ˵ĻܽƽûԼӶܴƵԼ
ôпռֶΣӵҪɱ㣡ħȻڿռѷ棬Ҫһռѷܹһӡ
ˣУ㾹ȻҲеУԭˣҾӪСȻȥˣҪƴԪݱŭһ״ĳһ׷ȥ
ñռѷ쵲ħǱ׵Ԫݱһ¶һ˿Цݣһʱͳʮȥ
⣬ţһĻ׷ȥԪݱʱһ㶣˵ǿ־廹ǼɵȻڷҲһ˽⡣
Ҫ֪ʮǰ٣ڤ㣬õУʮܿ뵽ԼѾ˷䣬һڤϵٲͽЩԺһ̳ܹͨʮ׷ȥ
һηأһѾᳵ·˷⻤ٴνһͷͷƭȥ˲ʱͳʮ˲ħߣƶɽԨС
ʱԨ̣һȥֹֿˣֻħȴֻһʱȥԪݱӰûг֡
һɵɻõһۣǾҲԪݱΪ֮Ҳʮ˲ħߵĽƿƣܳ
ۣһҲ̸Ƿȷ룬ԼҲܾš˿ħߵĵӣ뼸֮Ԩȥ
һǰȥɨٴͻأֻ֡һٲɨ㣬öڲﶪӣشħ衣ϸȥħ֮еƺȻħԪݱݡ
ӹȻܹڣһͷħһͷ˵Ǽ򵥵ĶҲգƽҲѵҵȻɫ͵ɽȥṩ߻ɡ˵䣬߰öӡǿߵħʧ
ȴ˵һԨһ̱㳯ɽڣȥڣû˵һźڶͽȥˡ
ʱƼһ֣æչæһǰݼ
ƴʱΪǰû̫ߣһȴ֪ڽϵĵ£ʮʵԼҲ١
һƼ̳֮ϣһݵСһݼϣѾС׵ĻǾȻ뽣ꡣ
⻰ƾմϵĺһΪڤͻزأû뵽Ϸ鷳
һ˽ϵƢ֪ȻӲȴҲǿϰæģҪֻһ̨װˡԼʮ˲ħߣԼڤľ˵һ£Լ࣬ҲǸһ̨ס
ȻЩԺͻðɣϷ֮ǰҲӦ㣬ȻʳԣֻǻЩҪȥ죬ֻҪɹˣСܻ򡭡
һɫһϲæӦ˵ڤ֮Ҷȥ˵ʲôɽ𺣣ϾԸǡ
ԺٺһЦ˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳ򵥣ǾҪͻԪӤΪųϣȻȥִһֻҪԲɾС
ԪӤһ΢΢Ծ뵽ϵҲȻˣ˵ͷͻԪӤѣֻҪһʱɣ֪ʲô
Цֻ֡ܡڲһС׻ǽ֮󣬸ǻĻᣬһ׳һźڶͽһӳ˽ڣһͬĻơ
ʦͽңңݱڣ֮׷巽ȥһ׼׷ʱ򣬺һɽ׷⽣ⲻѰǴĦ˽ŵĽ⡣
ɽһ˫Ȼһ˿鶯ֺ֮ƴ󣬷Աȴֲܱȵˡ


һ ϳ
ɽͻȻԲﶼסһҲ⡣Ϊͬ˽һѳҲʮסһԼһˢ˳
Ƹһںһˣּ˲٣ܹϢͼʶǳټһ뽣ദһֶŲסоɽ⣬ֻ΢΢Ծָѯʵ˾ȻʦһĽΪҲǸ֣֪˭
һеɽѾ³ЩߣѯʣȴЦ𣬶һ䡮ȥ˾֪ˡƱ㳯׷ȥ
ϣһϲȥһǾϲһһļҪ˵ʲô
ʦ֣Ѿ֪ʦӦˮɵĹͷһжʮ˳Ҳ̫ļ
һ㶣ǰһı֣ʱ֪һȻջȴȻԼ˽ø࣬˼
ʱſһԵƣ΢Ծ˵ףʦܣС˭ôΪִûмѵ԰ȥŰꡣȻбǿ죬ܲҲǿѣ
һԣʱˣЦҡҡͷƵƣݼʦ
ԣæǰ𳤴񣬻ˡʦ״ʱסָһ˵ʲôǿЦҡҡͷ
û뵽ʦһڿʱʦѾ˵ӣˣˣܲˣһ׽ϴõ䱦ȻԶԶȲʦǽ̥ҲǷ͸ʦֶɣ
Ƽ⽣֪ǺöлȻʹͳⱦҲܿˣУСʦֶһСС;ʱ򣬲Ĵָʦͽ˷ˡ̬֡
˺ѯһȥʲôһֻ˵Լȥһڤȴᡣ
һ˵ʱԭصĽʱһգƺûгֹһ㡣
ʦܣ⣡
ʦַģʦˣ
䣬һ˷Ľ׵ͳһһĽɢ׷ᰣɢ
ʦ֣߰ɣȥӭʦ𣡡һ΢΢һЦ
Ե˵ͷһͬ׵ԺȥϱչڵԺ䣬ͣʱԺѾȻ޴棬ֻҳȻΪǰĶŪɢ
ԼɼһӰҳ֮֮Զɢô߷Χֳһǿʮĺϡ
һݼʦ𣡡
ͽƣݼʦ棡
ͷͰݣϼ״һЦֵһɽͽֹסͽǣﲻ˵ĵطǻشȥ˵ɣ
صףһֱǰݼȽԼչص˵һ£Ȼ֮ǰƵ˵һμԳءüζõǣͷͻƳɹ
Ҫ֪ҲһĺΪΪٳٲһֱѹԪӤڣͻƣ;ƿݣŲòء
ҲһͷͻƣʹΪԪӤڣԪӣΪĥ£Ӳˡ˽ıԵ˺ԪӤڣڶǲܣҲøˡ
ڽԼ֮󣬺Ȼ˿УЩľϿУ֮ͷҲ⣬Ϊ˲ֵֻǿ⣬Σһֵһʱ򣬺ϱѾкܸߵˣȴȻ
ͽôô죬ѵ̷ʲôɵɣָһЦ
һԣҲǲ֪ôֻͣǫѷЦһЦֽԼںľ˵һҰҲ˳
ԼͽܣͽЩ˵ĺϲ£죬æһ䱦һ£ǰȥ¥ףһ
ڶգϱչضϢڣ½½֪ĳǰءνѩ̿ѣסκøǰص𵱳һʦʱҪֻ࣬û˵һҵ峤ϡ
Щϵף֮£׷˺ü죬Žָƽһ֮һ׷Ϸֱɽȥ
ϿԺͽٳǽ⿴ȥϱ˵ù죬̾һٴ붨ĥ˽ȥˡ


һһ ԪӤ𵤣
ԱʮԶĵطһƬûֵĻɽɽҰޣʲôûУ궼ʮְ
һգһƳ֣ƬɽŸסһʱƱɫ޹⡣ԭɽ֮еǸӦʲôһ׷׳ɽⱼӡ
Ȼɽ˵ע⣬Ҫ̽Ѱʱͬ׵пʼ׹
Ѱ׵Ҳ赲˵ĺġ׹ȴͬԶԶѰɼ׹⣬һǣ׹֮дζһַ֮ͬĸоԣҪ̽Ѱ˶ҿɽһ
ɽ⣬ȴҲţ㿪ʼĥ׹һĥŸо֣ԭײһꡣһͣЪС죬õڶ¡ǾǣԼԼ׹֮һӰ
澰ҹڵʮ˵׽֮˲⿪˿֮Ʈսζûʲôܹ֤ǰ澰
û׵壬ȻϷŹᡣ׷ӿɽ֣źǣɽĿ꣬˵׹֮аӰһֵĶûдڡΪˣҳ˶˶ȥ
ڲ֪֮Ƭɨƽɽпũִ˴طԶءԽԽ˾ۼ󾭹ֽ꣬һΪŵĹңԼλ׹֮еӰЩǺˡ
ȴ˵ʱ֮ʱ䣬֮зһС飬Ǿɽ³һλ᳤ϡ
˵鲻Ϊȴ֮Уÿ꣬ʮͻƵԪӤƽˣ˵鲻СΪϵˣֻ˶ʮֲ꣬飬˾ͽˣſˡ
ڳ֮飬ɽһɡβɽһ֣ͬҲͬʱ֡ʱ֮󣬿νͬһ㡣
һѵõĻ˺ۣϳۣлĴͷԪԪӤΪ¶ɣڳϵӵע£ٴɰݼʦʽ˺ɽһͬ賤֮Σ賤ţԼŽ
ʽɣһǳΪڳϡϢȥһʱ֮䣬һֳΪڶӳ羴ĶɽӺЩͨĵӣΪĿ꣬Ŭ
Ȼʲô˶Ҳ֮ʹ˵һǰ·ңԴһɾͼڣΪ˲Ҳ壻˵ڻǵӵʱΪ˰Ե˴ͬţΪŵȵȣԼʮľҲڸ
ΪԪӤϣһһʱЩոճڣûڶӵ׷֮УЩڳЩһ˲òϢģ伣
ֻЩѽǣΪ᳤ϣԴ𵤷֮һǿӲ̬һһαڮپȻ棬Գһ͵伣

׷壬һԺ֮Уʱͺ֮ҿ׷ҲĸˣҲû˭ܵӰ졣ʱ䣬ǽͺʧʱж½һ
ɫƽĵ֮ϣ֪˶ãŻ۾һ˿âֱŻ΢΢ſڣһöת׶ɫĵͨһ·˳ȻĽоųƣͬǣ𵤵ĸͷȴֻԭİٷ֮һ
ϸһŷö𵤳˸ͷ⣬бĲͬԭ˷ģֵĽȣĽϷģֶ֮ȴһɵͼ񣬳ƣˮƣľƣѪÿһͼ񶼴һһ統Фɽǽڡ
ԭһ֮ǰһΪ˴뽣֮ԼԪӤΪϣͬʱΪ˱Լɽٵ鱻˷֣Ƭɽ鵤Ӥȹ
ûǹת£ͻƽڵ˲䣬Ȼ⡣Ӥɣǽ͵һԪַͨ׷׽ϣôһöĽ𵤡
˵Ԥ鵤Ӥͬö𵤵ȴʵʵģƵĻҪǿԪͽɷʶǷ賤ܵö𵤵вɱֵš
ʱǽһɣؽٷ֮ͽ˽ȫ׼ټöǿĽ𵤣һٴ˳˳Ķɽ٣׽ٴĽ̬á֮ͫתΪˣʹ˸Ƴ
صţչ¶ԼԪӤΪȻ˳µĳΪĳϡֻһΪ˱ܿЩ²ƣĥһԼһö𵤵ʲô֮ͬһչ¡


һĶ 𵤾ת
ǰ𵤣һϲޱѹϹֳ֮ơ𵤴Ҳ£ֻõ𵤾תԳɴޡ˸֡𵤴ǵһתǵɶתȻǵת˺ԴƣҷҪɾתоŴͻƲųɾʹҵУ鵤ӤӤȻɽٷͻƣ൱ڽתɼ˲֪١һ·Ϲŷ࣬˵ѣӯ֮ˡ
˵꣬һ̾һһƷųȻֻһ˲׷嶼֮²ѡܵҲĵ˵ͷ
ʱ䣬˲𵤰𵤶תľȫϤʵɽٵʱǿ˲١ȻչҪʮʮǿǲܵģҪʵսĥˡ
ʵǿһǵûиеɡΪת֮ԪӤһʼذΪеĹϵ֮һЩĸ̡ȻѰԪӤָǿҲ˸еشٵǰףͷûȵĸо
ֻǽ𵤾תÿһ㶼ǼͬÿһתĵǱԶѰڶתʮĻ۶ľҪٴοΪʵչãֻѰһԵ⺣ˮĸԵǾͿٴͻơ
Ϊĥһһϧ峤ĽҴ򿪵ڶϴһ㣬֮еʮּ򵥣ֻСԴ֡
ϴǡ⺣ָ֣Ҹȥ⺣ûԵΡԴ֣ȴ֪ʲôѵнСԴĵطôˣˣ峤ƽվͲͣҲȥţҺΪҲˮǴߣԼµأһ˵ҲܵóЩ
㻨ҹĲһٴòֻ࣬ԼоָԼִеĽϵЩϵ
ȻˣҾ˳ȻܲٴԵɣ
ͨ˽ڣһʽءΪоһȥǶʱ䣬Ҳȥڣһؾȼϣʦͽϵٴȷϣʽţȷʹ֮Ϊŵӣ˵ѣ֮ųڣȥ
ڣ֮УһӰӺڶ֮߳ԶԶ㿴ڼ̳ϣ⽥ϵСףǹһ˿Ц⡣
Ҫǰϵֹʱǹؼʱ򣬳ð⣬֮ǰŬһСҪֻˣǾڿ㣬Ϸ滹Ҫѿ๤
һмСףȴ֪أ˵ͷչֵʽϣСҪʱָܹ
⻰һ𷴵Ů鳤Ӣ̣ǧ֮УٲأȴѶȹ
⻰һͷһ̨֮УҮʶͨķ͵𿪣һתͷ뵱޺׽ʱһ޶ֻͬǣЩɿֻԼĽЩϵ
٣һڤ˼룬˷һӰ죬Ҳ㼣Ҳֻܷ¡ڽϵĻ֪ڵԼͷмæֳл
ƺҲоһЩ仯㲻£Դ˵˵̰Ĳ㣬СӾǵ̰ͣͼˣҪ״̬עô֮²ʮ£ұȻϷҪΪԪҲҪп
꣡
֮еζһɵÿЦ˵̣Ҳ㲻ʲôοнϲõ˵þҪܻ˼ܼܲС׶һܹͨע֮С׻ָͰٳ߸ͷһǻ顣
뵽һҲԼԵ飬æȻˣͶͷˡ֮ǰҪСɽϵһǰ뽣ϲСһȫԸ
⻰ԺͻһСû壬ӲţˣǺãⶫȥԼȥҵˣ֪Լˡ
˵䣬ɵһУһöƺһöһոսӵУѯʲôڶͷֹʵٴҲöֻɺڶԼ׵ڣȥˡ
һ֪ϵƢȻĪĽٱĪø˳ҲҶ˵ʲôֻܿЦƾͳͷȥ
˵ǵطȴҲʮֽһûʽΪŵӵʱҲȥŵפءΪϴµӣֻܱ㰲һ䷿䡣һβͬûƣ㱻ִµӸϳڶĽĿ֮Уӭ룬Ұһõס
ҹһھޣһ˿ǿϢ⣬ʱѹ


һ ǰ
֣
һüͷһ壬ͷһжϳߵΪʵΪʵѰԪӤָܸвܹӲ֣Ψзֶ֣εĸֲɵ˿ϢвȴڵֵסȻǺ֡
˵Է˴صأ˽һڽ³ϡݶԣԷȴǸȻʧţӭһǳɣֳ֪λ³ҹǰ³һʧԶӭˡ
⻰⴫һЦСӣǱĳϣȻСй¶һ˿ϢȻӦǺη
˵䣬һŰۣ׷ߴӰֻ߳ͷ֣ڣȻ⹦ʲô챦ݣǬɽһĳϣ˿ǱȻǱˡ
һ״æӭȥӭһμϣ֪ҹǰĳ£
ǰ׷ȴ𻰣ǺһЦʦܣˣϼһɣ
һȻ߳һ׷ϲͬŰ۵ӡ˲䣬һʱоȻһ˿֮ɫ
λϱûڵ˼һĻȻӲһ۾ֻ֪ԵɺڣҲ̫ں򵥺Ѽ䣬֪λУ°׷ǬɽԳϣ̫ɽĶ³ϡ
һæλӭ뷿УöλףԼȡ¡գһٴοڵ֪λҹãǷкҪҪĳ
Գԣ΢΢һЦʵ֪ǰΪ˺£
ţһһ㶣ʲôϸ˳еĳΪ¶
Գϼƣһ˿ɻЦȻϣϱΪĳϣȻдȴϲ꿡壬ѵڱţոͻƾ磬͸Ըðղμʵ˱֮Ұ
һû뵽ԳϿھһ佱⻰Գ϶ȻʲôҲͣЦԳϹˣĳܹнյĳɾȫɵСɣܹΪЩҲӦģֻǶ֪Ƿȱ֪ԳϿɷָһ
Գĵ˵ͷ᳤ϽӰ࣬ҵҲúˡڴ˴񣬱ܣʽʼ⴫ģ͸¶һǼ򵥽ܣл׼ڳ⡣
һӹлȴһԵĶ³ĿڵзǺõģòҪâ̫¶ˣ⣬ڱ˵Ȼ㲻ʲôԼǾһӵˡ
һòԹɫ⻰Ƴȴûй֮⣬ǰһۣͷȷԷʲôѣǴдѹ֮⡣
˼һ³϶£̫ɽһһ̫ɽһеȼƣǵļ壬ԳƼг˽³ϣѵλɡˣǾѹˡ
һһսҲǱһٱȣȻʤ۴ʲô濴һ³ϷǵΪԼʧһΪԼһʱλ¸صĽ³ϿһΡ
Ҫ֪һ·̣ȴΪ̫ǿԼ̫ȴǲͬ𵤶תǽᣬ֮ʵ֮ǿӲ֡
νߣԿɷ족һʵԾţʰǣһ˵ʱο¡οˮĸ;ɵķɣܵ޺׽Ӱ죬۽ԶԶֹⷲһ飬˵һڳˡ
ʶһȻûе涥ײ³ϣȴҲֻûĵ˵ͷһǡͬԷһӹȥ
³ȷʵһ룬Ƕ¼ҵĺ峤ϡҲΪΪϵĶΪһܷһ뵹Ҳ򵥣ֻҸͷϸһһѵǸҲͰˡ
ȴûһȻһףһί߶㲻ϣֱ³ϿʱͷаҴܣһ֪ߵغ񣬷ֲٸߣŪ·زۣҲǿϧ
вĻһͷЦѣһȻԭˣ³ܹнճɾͣʮ֪ߵغСܽˡ
㣡󵨣³ŭһҪֽѵһ
ʦܣԳһֱӵڶǰס³ϡ
ʦ֣ңҪѵΪң³ɫѿȻҪһ˵


һ Դ֮
ʦһԣӡԳ˵źȥһҲȻݡ
һЩ֡Ƭ֮󣬶³ʲô˵Ϣɫ΢䣬ָԭһˣ³ϵǰϣ¾ݡ
ԳԵ˵ͷתһϸϣȻǳϣͱϾᣬܶྭ鲻㣬˷³ΪǰϹ㣬β飬˵óĻٵǸ³ԭ¡
һ֪ΪԳҪΪԼԲȻȴҲǲ¹ʵĴˡ̫㣬˳Ƴ³Ϲ˹ֵС״˳ϣ¡
³ǵǫ̃ףһٲһȥԳϼ״һһ˿Ц԰֮ٸ֪еĴʱ֮Ҳæ˳ȥ
һλ͵ſڣŻڶλȥʱӶ³ϻͷһпŭ֮ɫԼһ˿ɵҲ֪ΪΡ
۶³ǷŭԹޣǼɵ̫⡣Ҳ˵ʵѾǺ弶𣬵ΪԼݣԼڵĻ㲻ú¡
Ҫ֪˵нǿΪ𣬵ȴвͬȻͬǿΪǿ˵㣬֮ԳΪΪԼĹأ˵ʵǿΥ
һֻǵӣ˵³ϣ³Ҹڣ˵ҪѵһµӣҲ˵ʲôҲǳϣɵϲ㣬ĳЩʱܴϵĴڡ
ݣ˵һ³ϣҪʩԳͷ˼ֻҪЩΥŹ飬ֻǳѿ֮³ϱǳҲ
ȻнҲĲġֻǶ³ҪЩֶΣһ͸ǲ£Ͼ¼ǿĲǶ³ϣԳ֣˲˭ֻһˡ
ЩһõģҲ̫࿼ǡͱλ֮ʩʩȻصʱѾ³ϵԺֻǰԳϸ㷭
Գ˵Ϣʮֻּ̣һһʱ㿴꣬ȴ˼ʮŻع
ΪģֻΪ֮ᵽһص㣬ص㱻Դ֮ءȻ뵱峤ġԴϡ
ԭ֮е˵ǣһСԴ֮ءĵطԴ͸ԴڡǸطǱıԴƷ˵ߣҲܽȥ
ÿʮش٣ɱ뷢ʱ籾Ҳӽѡʱ򣬱ıԴΪҶҲ©
ʱ߾ͿԽ뱾Դ֮أԴ֮صҵĵһ̲µı
ǰߣй֮˿Եõ˼ӳ֣Ϊ֮ˡڴ֮У׻ѳ飬˳ȹ٣Ϊһʮǡߣõڶ챦Ϊͬش֮ӴĻᡣ
Щһʮֻּʧǣֻ֮Ǽ飬ڹؼοԴ֮أý֮ȴûн
ԣЩѾ齥ϽҺԼ㣬ȷԼҪΪӱᣬһԵԴ֮С
֪Щݣһٴ㣬Ȼ˼֣֪ԼԴ֮дԵԻãֻлЩۣҪն
õһֻЩԾôԾȴҲ˵ֻܰһȴԳǰ
ȴ˵̫ɽһϣһֺɫˣͬһ㡣һ֮У³϶ϣһײԳһ˿ŭɫ
𵱳Գϸ˵ĻͷŭнƽϢԭԳϸǣһͷһܴĶ
³׼úýѵѵһǰõġвͬˣɾÿһһԾŶĴڣȻǽ³ȴҲҵҲô򵥾ͷŹεĻᡣ
û뵽ôһСӾȻзػѹ̶ܹʱΪˣˣξͷһ´䵽УȻЩͷ
³ϺָܿƽҪ붨ʱһ˿ϤϢ洫
ȣʲô飿³üͷ΢壬ڵ
⴫Ƕȵ棬ݼͥӶλǰݼ


һ ζ
ͥӣ³ɫЩǶǰǽӴҲˣΪ
棬λָ˴ǰרΪһ棬СֶŲǰ澲ޡ
Ŷרң˵귣ţŻ׼ط˵Ĵύ³ϣѵΪ˱Դ֮أߣΪҲᱻһЩСǮɣߣȥ˵ھޣܾ͡
ǶȻ֪ΪΣҲ³ͷϣٶ˵ҪȥʱһִСֶԽͼһ档
ԽΪͣҸʲôڼȻ壬ȴҲһ
˹ֵСֶ˴Ϊ¶ͼһ棬Сֶϸϸ˵
⻰³֪ȻЩ£ԼӦˣͽ˵ɣ
˵䣬³ϻֽŴǶ¼ҼԽСҲ֪˵ЩʲôƬ֮󣬶³ϵͥӽɣ
Ƭ֮һӺһǰһݼС
³ϸϣԽ̺һԣͥСվ·ǵȴŶ³ϵӡ
Σ³ϲŵĿڵ˵ʵһɱ֮𣬴£ɴСǿ֤ݣ
áһ֣ͥ޵Ĺâңңһݣ³ϣǺΪ˸ҷ޵ף٣׼Щû룬ȴ˲ɱ˺ɱ߾Ȼʧ١ҷ޶λΪ˿˶꣬ȴʼ޷ţżȻһ˵ľǰȥʧٵʱȮʱǺϡڼҷж෽Ϣɵ㣬ִе񣬻һˣʵּ㲻ɱССʮа˾Ҳйء
ҧгݵʹһĵԳһʱһ˿˿֣ȻмħʿӡͥæֹסµҪ
³΢΢üͷԲм˶ȻݼҵˣΪ޶ħ˺ͬű֮ˣû뵽ȻԪӤȴҲƣʵڲɼҵĲϡ
ֻ⻰³ϲû˵ڣ֮һ˼ҡͷ֤ݣϿǳʹϡֻԼƲ⣬ûȷ֤ݣ˾ҪԸһͷ᳤ϣǲܰ쵽
ԣüһҪ˵ʲôȴͥסڵ³˵ǣҵȾ˵³ΪֱǰֻǴʱû֤ݣҵҲ֪Ѱ졣ҷ˼ǰҳһ취һԼСʱȻ˳ҷ޶бǽŷ춼ްˡ
³֮ԽӼˣҲΪҪԸһùȻа취ɵȤʵŶ㾹Ȼܹõ֤ݣ֪ʲô˵һ
ͥ⻰ȴ¶Щ΢ԥ³ϼ״һߣȻƭϣѵ㲻֪ҲСô
ͥһȣæᣬϢŭӽһ֮Ŵ⣬һöϣ³ϵϿ֪
³Ͻӹ򣬺ܿͿֻ꣬Գһ˵ı飬ǰ䵭֣ǾȻ취
ͥ³ûзԣһ˿ϲɫ͸Թζصĵͷˣǵˣ˵ʵ
³ɫ䣬һѵͲҽҪ鹫֮ڣٴαţ˳Цô
ͥһ㶣ҡͷЦĳûмǴһûᵤսҴܶ¼ӵܣö¼ɨأض³Ҳô̫˳ɣ
³ԣһİָͥ޵øҶ¼ɨأѵΪΪ飬Ҷ¼ҾҪۣͬô
ͥһܿ׹һЦˣǰȻйأҲֻ볤и㣬һһͬμӽεıԴ֮ˡ飬ҷ޶Իᴦǣ˳ϵ֡⣬ֻҪ³ɹҷ޶дͣö³ϰװװæǡ
˵䣬ͥʾ֮£ӴͳһöֺɫĽɫĵ̧һ;ͳ³Ʈȥ
³ϼⵤ裬ɫɫ⻪⣬ɵö࿴һۣһ۶ʱ˼ɿ죬뵽ЩʲôæӵУһζǾȻнζ


һ ı
⻰վһԵĶԽɫҲ΢΢һ䣬æʵ棬ѵǴ˵еϹ鵤֮Уų̷һԸǰͨζĽζ
³ûлشæͥ޵˵ǽζǴӺδ
ͥЦ𣬷ʵ³Ͽ֪Ϊҷ޶˵걻ţȴٴλô
³ԻȻָ鵤ѵζ
ͥĵ˵ͷǴ˵ⵤҩҷ޶ڻԵɺ֮´ǰ˶֮еһöһöҷ޶˺ãͻԪӤΪһöǷţŵ⣬ţһöٺ٣Ǿڶ³ˡ
ԼĲ²õȷ³ϿнζȻֵܱȻͷȴǲƽ
û뵽޾ȻôõĻԵõ鵤ҩǾѹܹˡⵤҩ䲻˵ͻƺڣʡʱ佫ΪͻƵھҲǿܵˣʱ˳ĻᡣֻΪǲ׸Լݼң͵ˣǵݼұŰ裬ݼҶ꣬ٴλطȫޣ׸ݼҲһΪⵤҩǡѹֻҵͷˡǵҪֻǼ˴ȻЩΪѣֻҪҿ߶һҲǲܡ˵ԸһֶЩɹҲգʧҲգҺθɡҲӦǻȥˣζջ£û˿ϻؾһҴӦÿһãһСһѵԵ鵤ֶΪأ
뵽˴³һΪ֮ɫΪɱ֮쾭飬ֶֻʧɼҷ緶ܹ
ͥȻ֪³ϵ˼æڵ³ϽѵǣΪɵӣȻ²̫֣һշִ磬볤Ϸıǡ
ͥʶ࣬Լ̨ף³ɫԺÿ˵̼󣬱ͥ޵ġధ½´Ӧ˫ԴԸϸһͥǶȥ֮󣬶³ҲݹȥȻΪ˴±ȥˡ
ЩıƻһȻǺŵפؾһ֮ڵ˴˴Ϣܵһö֪֮ͨ˴һ֮С
һ֮ǰѾȵˣһңʶһɨ˽䲻СŮŮ٣ʮˡ
ЩԵΪסԼ͸¶Ʊȵ˵ܺ͡żõԳϺͶ³ϣƽƽ˵һ˱Ǵ˴ӣ֣³ϡ
³ΧһȦʮ֣Ȼڽ³ǰҷųƣҵĳȴ¶ǵݡһȺڵмԪӤΪ³ϡ
³Χʮˣһһ۱㿴ǵΪһǽ𵤸֣ΪĶǽ𵤺ڣǿļȻǽ𵤴Բ벽˵ˮ׼
Щ˶ľӢӣȻȲ˾ͽˣſԼһһһʱ֮ѡȺ磬ƴĴڡ
һΪ᳤ϣ֮м˲֪˲ңڹ۲˵ʱȻҲע⡣
ڳڵӼһλ½ϣʱֳͬǳ羴Ľۣʣֱֲһ㡣ֻһ۽Ѿڽ𵤾磬Ҳͽ֮ˡ
ȴ˵ڵ⣬³ϼһȻԼͬתͷ˶ʾһ˿⣬ǵͷ΢ЦΨһˣǶ³ɫȻƺҲδ
Ʋ³ϲ˵ϵıֽԳƵһҲ˼ԼȻų᳤ϣϾֳΪʵֻԪӤˮ׼ֵúڴ˶ԴΨһпܵľǽϴơ
뵽Լһκٻһ䲻˵ȻܣȴҲ⣬󷽵ĵسλϹֻ³֮С
Щ³ϼһǰ̬ҲǸͬЩ֮ʸĴڣΪʵǿһ½ȴƲۣǼ³ϵ̬ȣҪɫ
ҲЩԶԶ΢Цʾ⣬ʾ⡣⣬ϼһ¶ϲЦ
һҲϵãǶǺϵˡʦʱҲϳأҲֹɽһĳϣһϣһϡ
λϺϳơ÷աĽȻǶֻԪӤڵΪһֳ뻯Ľ־ֵܵԪӤڸ֮֡£ƵúݱܷâɽڶǴ


һ ɽ
һȻҲϣúϵĺҲҵæǰǹһλϼ״æһһ߽һ
λϽһɽ̸ϿڵźʦֵķϣҶһʦֶɣʦֶѾǳ֮ˣ֮ǰ֮ʱвͬҵȻбֲ𣬵֮жͬݣһҾԣ˹أñЦ
һ˲ϣҲǿһҾ֮սһ𣬿ʼ̸𽣷ˣԼһ
λȻϻһͺ㴥˽ȴжһĵİһС̸һҲá
ڴ˴ݣλ֪Ҳǲ࣬ȴһԭŸ߲֮зģѵһ
Ѷȼ󣬵Ҳʮַ鱦ƬԽһһ֣Ȼʵĳϣӱɸѡ֮˲ܹʽμ
֪ЩϢһԽϸԼŵ˼˽⡣ͷ˼һ
̸䣬½һˣ³϶ʮˣ𵤵Ӱʮˣż³Ųӣʱԭ˽˰ǵȴʲô
Ȼ³֮УԳϴһЦ⿪ʼ
Գ˵ݣһõ֮У⣬һϢЩԾǾ񲢷һŵɡμӵŷ࣬ħţһ˴ɡ
Ϣʮ־ɵɺҲͰˣħһͬȴǲ⡣ܿԳϾ͸˽͡
ԭȻΪش٣ңԴ֮ص©Ҳ˭ܹ򿪡һ˴֮ϵɣռһĺǿţռŨϢԴ֮ؿ°빦
ԣѣħֻܺͬԴ֮ء뱾Դ֮غħȻֵ𣬸ξΡһ񣬳˵ˣӳ⣬ԱͬʱնɱħʿԷ
ͣ˶ʱȻ˺ԳϷַһö¼˸Ϣб¼οԴ֮أεȵϸݣ˽ο
һЩݣһԶԺ֮УͬǰѾĶ㣬ٴλòõݣõıԱԴ֮˸ʶ˽⣬Լ뱾Դ֮Ҫ飬˸·ߡ
ЩϢ֮λ³ϵĴ£һͨ¥С¥˶죬㳯ĿĵأһԪڵפɽȥ
ɽΪ֮ףһԪڵĸפڣһĴڡȻɽ˵ؼǣɽԴ֮صڡ
ˣɽӳ֣ҹҹƮϢʱʱ̶̿ޱȳעڵĶ֮㣬ɽǼ֮磬˱Դ֮⣬ѵʤء
ʮǰɽһްԡڡռݡش֮иһԪڵǰԵɺ֮½֮ѰΪפء
һԪڱв޵ּһܹӱ㲻Ҫչɶȴѡƾɽ⣬һԪڱֻܹۣչɶţ˽յһԪڡ
ô˵һԪܹнյĳɾͣʱռţ֮λʢ˥ɽǾӹΰ
һεԴ֮صҲһԪڷɽ־ʮ٣ǶԴ֮صΪ˽⡣ۼŴٽ֮ټ´ɻ˿Դ֮أõļӳ֣ͼٴδ٣ʮĻԻ͡
ɽƮ˸ҲһһԪڵİһֻʮʱҵɽڡ
һǰˣ඼ûмɽ⡣ڽɽڵʱ򣬴ҶװϡһԼƮԭһĿУȻһƬƯڿеɽ
ֻãɽ֮ᰣɺӳ֮лľԳ䡣һɼط⡣Ǿסڵ೤ϵҲ۵ı
¥ɽãʮɽ֮з˳ϢǺ弶֣ʮȫԪӤ𡣽һӭӾɳЩ֣һԿһԪڲһ֮


һİ ټĪ
֮һԪڣڣҶţ貨ĴȻ̸֦ͬȴҲϵ֮䳣ʦֵƣ߲Ǵʶ
ǰӭӵڳ϶Щ飬ʶһҲ̫෱Ƚڱӭɽȥˡ
ڽӷϴϯ֮󣬱һԪڳǰһ㣬һǰɽĴɽ¡
ɽ֮еĸоǰԶ˲ͬɼʤĿĿŲϷŻһŵһԪΪ˰ס޵ڡ
һйضȹ٣ڵҲ֮һһԪΪ˰˿ǲȻȡɽеһƫ壬רſٿ;ӣס
һųݣɽͷѡɽϪΪϲȥϪһСԺס
ҹһʶɢελɽϪ֮У֮ǱŵĹ
ֶԪӤеģԪӤʩչֶʱЩ΢֮ʹҲܹѹƽ𵤵ԭڡ
ҲΪطĸԽ࣬ԽǿԪӤڱƴľͲǷǿиǳ
һѰԪӤֵİٱŵ춨˵ȵȣظͬ󳬹ͬ٭뽣֮һйصĸĳ̶ҲԪӤİٱ֡ںֽаԵڡ
֮ˣֻҪԪӤڲϵԼĸһȻҲ⡣ʶǿ̫࣬ԷһĶãʱضвЧ
عĥԪһҪϼѵӿ̡ΪĥԪʯ鵤عȴֻĹ
ʶһع򣬽ԲĻʹ°빦ʵŶѡ츣һĴڣطܹ졣
Щ츣棬ڵѾǼΪĴڣڲܹӢűҪΪԴ֮ڵɽãȴҪһߡ
ʶһ˵أȻץᣬԼʵ
Ӧʱ򣬺һ㲻гͻһƬؼ䡣˼һֳһʶ̽ȥû룬һȻըһȶѵϢƵʶѸ˱ܻ
ףʲô֮Ȼ˱𵱳Ҷɽ֮ʱĽҲѵ˶ɽٲɣ
һɻ䣬һ⴫ǰʦܿԸͼһ氡
Ϥһ˼һתɫһϲһĴһݱɳšԺŴ򿪣һŵۣƮݣϢѵӳǰ
ԴƺһǺһЦ֪ʦܿɻǵùˡ
һˣͷϲһ񣬵Īʦ˵Цˣǵ֮ڷ֮ʦҶûθʦ֡
ǵӢĽ֮ףʹֶΣѹȺ۵һԪڽӴĪһӭĪУԳ˾ˮż
Īбյ˼ǺһЦ껻ǾƷ֪ǧ٣ʲôڷǿʦ˳۰ˣöݣҪ˵ݣһҪллʦ֮أʦİٻ𣬺ƣʦҿһӶġҶ࡯ء
˵ţƺȻȫġҶ࡯ʮֵš
һ״ҲȤʦֵġҶ࡯СܻζԭδɣȻˣСһҪƷһ
ĪȻܾ˵ͷȻʵЩһֱƯѰһƷֻԵδҲټηţʦ֣ܵǰһû뵽̶ʮ꣬ʦ㲻𵤣鵤Ӥ˵ã˵ð
һû뵽ĪҹԼ⻰Ȼ赭дв֪жۡ뵽ͷһůĪĿ佱Ҳѣ˵ͷСУҲ뵱ʦֵĽ̵ֲֻ񿴵ʦָоЩϧ
ĪһһϣͷҲǸˣһ䣬ɻкοϧ֮
һǹһ˿Цݣεϧǣʦ˫˫ԪӤʦһӢĽܵһ˵λӣƻǿϧ
Īһ㶣һЦû뵽ʦҰĻСֻǵ֮еĵһˣʲô˼һ֮еĵһˣĵһΣ
˵䣬ĪƱһѵһɰȻ֮Ⲫͬʱϱһ˿ǰһоı֮˷俪


һľ 飬
鱦
ǰһ˿ʶֱо鶯ǿϢʱʲôȻһ鱦鱦֮һҲòСĶԸ
ڵϣβֻ˫̤ŽŲ̤κ͵ͬʱ΢΢һƣܿǿһƣŲ̤ĺۼоȻԶһɢȥ
һУһٴЦݲоƱ㲻ƣƺûзһӡ
Ī鱦Ǹոյõûת⡣Ҵ˱ңԸղ΢΢㱬һת뿴һֶΣûջءһ򵥵ͽ鱦ƸɢȥҲ̾
ʦܹȻĳϣֶιȻͬѰ
һ֪Ī̽ԼֶΣҲֻһɥСֶαȵʦ֣Ȼһ鱦иֶĽĶ֮ǰʦû鱦ܼѹˣ鱦СҪͷ뷨Ҫ
һдȤ˼ĪҲΪ⣬ǺһЦⶫҲǻԵɺϱʦҵȻҵĹԣһʱȴ⡣Ҫȵ˵鱦ȴҪһʱ䣬ʦҲžʱǣպҲȻϱˡ
Ī֮еĺ飬һԸ̾ĪʦֲǵӢ֮ףȻʮԣҲһɡ桯ĺ顣ûɺ飬Ҳ޲˾ˣ
һĪͶϧĸоƱһ˿ƾȻѯ鱦
˽أ׶һ֪һĪĪ֮֮伸޻̸ĪһѯʣҲ⣬óһͬʱҲԼľ˵˳
ԭ鱦顯ɵһ鱦ĪһǰżȻһʱڣһ׳֮ҵıҲ׳֮УĪһͳֶĥߴһͻԪӤΪ
ĪľһҲ߽Լ⺣齲һıˮĸļƻӾħ⣬鶼֪޲ԡ
˷ƣÿÿ˴ĵʱʹ죬ƱʹֹΨһһЩɻǣ˵ԼŮʱĪзĹʣǻʲôƲŻָһҲûѯʣʹȥ
˴ϥ̸ƣҲֶα˾ƾƺƽ֮ѵõķݡҹ֪¶ƣ˶پ̳˵ΪҲ˯ڶղԾ
Ѿ֮ʱǽ壬ӴЦѣڴˣҪΪ˷񣬵ȴǵ˲˽⡣
Īȥ֮һԳԼѰֿʼһʱ䡣
ʱĪʱǰ˳Ƴ̸Ҳʱֵ̽¡ĪȻ׷ϵľţֵõ飬ķԶˡһһ⽣µ⡣
˵ڵԼڽϽ߳Լĵ·ٵ⽣ΪϾǸڣҲкô
⣬һҲǸ춨и֮ʱҲϧԼĶҲĪԾͬʱ档
ڶ໥֣ͬʱ˴Ҳ½ǰҶţ貨ţһ˴ɣħţħڣħţսħҲǰ
һʱ֮䣬磬н𵤣ԪӤľӢڴˣдӵĺ֣ʹԭ徻ɽ
ν˵ĵطнһԽ𵤵ӺԪӤΪԺܿںߵĲ£һȺ֡
ʲôԪӤʮְʮ˰񣬽ʮСְɵӣħ͵ȵȡŲ
һĪΪ˵͵ͷ¶棬ҲͬһЩƺšһΪԪӤ֮ģ˿ãԶһ˰ϵһˣĪȻõ鱦ûй¶ȥȴͬԺƳ˸ԪӤְ񵥵ʮλ
֮⣬ΪһεӢĽһεȫˣħû鱦ɱϹû¶ʲôΪ⣬Ӣ幫Ӿͻƾ磬ﵽԪӤڡ
ΪﵽԪӤڣе鱦ڿܣһԪӤǱѹԪӤ֣ǰλá
鹫ӺƷƺͻӢӼ軨ΪսԱʮ֮⣬˶Ī֮ǰ˾ͽ˺ѩˣƾ轣޵ǿֱժȡһ͵ڶı


һ С
һĪǾ۵ǳ裬Щ׷Ų֪飬ҲʡԴΪʮӶƽµ֮ȻȻĴе֪ЩϢ
Լ˷ֱλʲô˰һԪӤֵʮλʱһĪûʲôӦƽ³羴Ŀ֮УȤ
Щ񵥵Щ˼ֻǾȻĪʦŵ˵ʮλǺǣµʱʦַҪǵһˡ
ʦ㻹˵ңҲҪǫ飬Ȼֻһ۹ⲻУҿǿ㰡ԪӤǰʮأ

˵ЦϷ˵Ű񵥣ƽҲЩ˵Щٲ̳֣оųɾŵĿŶȡӶɵĻ֮УȴţͷԲ²Ƿ̶Ĵˡ
Ȼ֮˶ԻԵ෹̸ʣһĪȴֻһЦΪʵǣȻǳԪӤڣΪԵɣԪӤ֮еľֻ֡ҪԶһ֪Էǿðȷ
¼һĪֻظ֮ǰ״̬಻żƽ£ʶҲŲǶˡ
ڵȴʼʱֶȹ˰£ԭٵҲ롣ʱȴһȶ۵ơ
һգ۵̸֮뽣ںϵʱżã㿪ƵĪ֮ʱһԺ˽
ǳˣ˱˴ͷȻϲĪǵŭһһǰȥż͡
һҲԣȥԺţȴŮվǰһʮʶǰٻŵĻ˿һŮЩ죬һʱȻ벻
һţ˿һ򸣣һ˿硯
һŮӼ״һ죬һһۣԻ˿Ҫ磬Ǹõˣ˵Ҫ̶飬û뵽һˣ̶ץȥںпʮ꣡
һһ㶣ʱŮݣȻǵħսʱ貨СʦãӢӵü̷̡߷ߵĻҲͷҲߵüȷʵ˴£û뵽ռСѾͷû
һȻɻŮôߵһ𣬵Ҳ֪ҪȽ̵顣ҲԴ½нͣһھ͵ǸϴȻƿ⣬
˵Ѿͷ껹СʱǸӣʮȥûȥ˸˶ǹӻõƤ˼Եϲ
֮⣬СѾͷҲûз¡Ȼһ̬СѾͷ貨ܣһĽ㣬񲻵޳˽Ϊϸһ˿˿صϢȻǿĻ
һſʶ٣ܹͨӦСѾͷͷھ˵СѾͷ˼ϡ佱СѾͷϲЦտ֮ǰĲ죬СҲչ¶ϲЦݡ
һԵĻ˿Ȼ൱ȴǾ˼䣬˼ϸ£Լ罫ͬľǿѾͷ÷Ҳ𴩣ֻǰЦ
һȻɹҲǿٷŴʶͨһ죬ϣֻͷ⡣ŮӭԺУ߱ģʳԭͬʱԼżȻŽˡ
ŮȻͬ൱ΪͬһΪн飬ܿ໥֪ԷʱųԾķֱ˴˾Ȼ֮ͬͽΪʮ㡯Ҳһ֮ΪòΪڵʮŮӡ
̸֮У˵ĪҲڴ˴æŻ˿˵Ҫȥʶʶ˿ȻӲɫԼȴ޷ԼҲ뿴⵱ӢĽܣڵԪӤʲôӣҲͰư͵ĸȥ
һѾͷԺȥ֮Īƺ𣬳ػɨϣӺգӽƣ
һŸһЦʫѼһףʫɵƪǰͳһľػȣԼĺ飬ĪҲ¶µ
СѾͷûһô˼ȻĪ˿ﱼ˹ȥֻ÷Ŵ󿪣Īٱ
Ī磬ȻȻһ˺ȾҲ̶СѾͷ죬㱻СƹŵƣﻹϷŹ
ĪСѾͷһ۾ϳһЦ̧׹һƺԭ̶ʮ겻ãʹһɣ
̲Ľ˹Ҳ˿Īܡ˭֪ԭˬʹĪû˿ɫȻ͵һ䣬бյ׽òȣžһϡ


һһ 鱦ɣ
ĪŻ˿оȻԳֳտ֮ɫڳһô˵ű㽫˳ȥҪ˿ӡ
˿ﱾҪһĪķɣû뵽һȻһĻƽ㲻ӵﾭܵסһ̧һ㣬һɫ⻪ɳһҶĪȥ
ʱĪմȴûܷӦ׷ʲôһ´ĪȻˣȴҲⲻ˹Щʡ
ڴʱһӰʯ֮ڻ˿Ī֮䣬һɡ̧һ㣬ʮָɳһʣһҶͱɢ
һΪʱһɱѵϢڶ𣬻Ҫʱһиҵֿˡ
ã鱦ɣ
һɫһ䣬û뵽˿־Ȼʱɡ̺ͻ˿ﱻ鱦֮סܶæһץһһ˵ԺС
ַųһ״ķֽŮס֮һϱ绡Īüͷһ壬Ȼٴη˻ȥ
һſڣڵǽųȻ̧һ㣬ǽ˲ֻɫĪȥҪѹƵ⡣
ǵ鱦顯ųȻȴҲԼԣɽʱеΣգæ߾Ҫ𽣷
һ޺׽ȶ鱦ȻǿԼڶԸ鱦ȴж⡣鷴ǹһ˿ЦһָһƬⷽת״Ѹײ֮Ͱǵ߽ʳɻըɢȥ
һнһͷϲޱֶΣĵ߽𣬲Ҳϵı˵⡣Ϊ˲˺Īֻȴ򣬻ˣ㻨һʱŽ⾡ѺĪڡ
˫ʵĪһ˼һͨķţͺʱѸʱ
һħһȫһƷĪ͸룬ϴˢһ顣
ȻĪлָɣһٸоڱ仯ʱ׷ʲôһڵأʼ½һĪ֣Ҳ˵һȥˣֻǽûջأȻǽ֡
֮Īһվһ˵ͷһлת̺ͻ˿Ůȥ
ŮǸɽܳӣǼ̼Ժգм軨㣬ȻϳǰĪֳ鱦뵽ղ鱦ǵҲ
Ī״ѵ¶һ˿Цֳ弧̵һǸת˿ĿһۣɽȥįҡҡͷֵһǸƮȻȥ
ĪȥȴЩĪһͻ˿ﵹҲˣСѾͷϰݣһͻ˿ѯ
һȻĪཻ񣬵ȴ֪£ܹĴ𸴡ǣ˿ȴʲôĪѽеǸ֣ƺ
⻰СѾͷİԾﻹ̵סæߴٻ˿˵˿޷֮£ֻܽԼ֪˵
ԭ˿˵ٻŵһʦ㣬ҶʦڵҲǰٻҲ츳ߣһֶصֶΣõһµϲ
ֻʮǰ֪ʲô飬λʦͻȻʧ٣и߲Ҳǻرܲᣬǻ˿ڰٻݵʦͬһˣ˵λҶʦƣҲ֪Щ顣
˿ｫԼ֪Ķ˵ȴҲ࣬㲻СѾͷͷ֮£һֻܽԼ⺣˵һСѾͷĺġ
һģһƣһĺһ˿ҲٻټĪµҶ࣬üСƹʹ졣ǻ˿ƽҶʱǸоʲôһʵ֮ٿ˿бյ¶˼ı
԰վƿգ˿ͼ˾飬һͻظפزŻҪԺӵʱ򣬺һӰԱ߳
Īʦ֣㻹ûߣһԤϣ¶һ˿΢Ц
ˣֻˣѵʦ֪ܲԵôĪҲָյĵȻ
һ˵ͷȻֻ֪֪ʦԸ⣬Ȼҵġ
һŵģĪҡͷ¶һ˿ЦȻʦܣңʦ⣬Ҳûиκˣʦ˵һ˵
һҲ˵ʲôָָԺţˣСܻһ˿СƵİٻ𣬻ʦҹ


һ Ī
˿Ī΢΢һ䣬˵ͷҲһԹԵı㳯ȥ
һһȺԳʹٿҲǼ򵥣Ƭ̣ٴԶԶƱ
Īһڻ˿Ƶİٻһ˿Ծ¶ζı飬¾Ʊ̾һʦܿǴӻʦ飿
һ˵ͷ˿СýҶʦ˵һ£ƺٻŶԴ˻Ī֪Ҳǲࡣ
ĪŭһٻžûйҲпͣû뵽̶̼ʮ꾹Ȼ䵽Ⱦأů˹޵ȵز˳䡣
Īһ磽ͷƣתͷһȻʦ֪࣬ұ㾡㣬ʵʱҪ׷ݵһǰʱһûн𵤣ֻһԪڶеĵ֮һʱаڷҡΪӵңնħΪΣȻкաȻԸʵȴʵϡƽԲб㱻仨ˮҪ֪һԪڵɲͬҪϲʽӣеĵ࣬гɾ͵ȴ֮١ʱұΪԼҪ˵ǰ·ʱˣǵõŵһ
˵ĪȤ£ϾȻ¶һ˿ЦݣƬ̣عԼҶ
ԭĪҶһնħʶ˺󣬶˿Ŀİ֣飬ض˰㺣л֮ġʶ֮󣬶̽ᵤĪΪ˻ʽӵݣԷһˡ
һ˳ĪɽͿҶɵ£˴Ӵ֮һӡҲԲ켵ʣĪٴҵҶʱִһ
֮УԭϢʾʵ൱ĵ˾Ȼ͵ǿһԪӤĸֳ֡
ΪɵʱҶȻȻչֳͬԪӤ˵˾ͬţȫ
ֻЩͲûиҶӮøŵӣΪڱʱͬ¶ʵݡ
ԭҶ񲢷壬ﻯһڻ֮죬ٻһλϿʣΪӽ̵
ʮУʵѾԪӤڵΪһΪݣʶĪһֱʵֻû뵽Ŀǹһ
ҶڰٻŶ꣬ʴϻһϲڶ֮ЩϣٻȻûΪȴҲųš
ȻҶųٻţĪһν˫СĪҶһûжñħŸ
Ϊ˱ĪҶ񲻵ȫõõط֮֮˾ĪҲõҶȴΪطˣûвдñɡ
ԴҶĪûǷȥΪ˱𣬿ʱʮ׿־䣬֮£ȻԶ˵ĳɾ͡ھǿʵ֮£ǼҰеħžԪӤֶûлҲǸʱĪ˺պ
Ӵ֮ĪĴˣΪɵҶһֱҪɵģҶ࡯ơһͰٻ𣬲ƷصȰٻ𣬺ƵƣġҶ࡯顣
Щһͷ΢΢һԼС׵вͬȴҲв֮ܿͽ֮ŵһߣڵû뵽Īʦ־ȻôһξֻǴǰʦһֱû˵ΪνҪѵѵ˿Сʲôϵɣ
ĪڨڨһЦȻʦѾҾһ㡣ҼǻʦõʱһֵʱϤԼ֮䣬ҴϿӰӣԣһת
תһ⻰üͷһ¹ڤ֮أתͶ̥˽⣬ȻڤѾûеظ֮ãлǵ֮ʲôֻ֮У»
ҶΪ޳֮ҲȻ֮꣬ٴתͶ̥Ҳ顣ֻһתٴμ棬ȴǲ
ת뵽껨˿ľȫǶתֻ˵˼֡ҽԼ˿ľһһʮĸĪ
ȻĪʮּ˰ΣھҪȥܹԻ˿ʵݵİ취һһͬǰȥ
ܹ̽ѰǰֶΣһҲĸȤҲܾĪ㳯ɽһȥ


һ 
һĪ˳פأһǰһɽһ߷ȥ˺һһƫǰ
Īʦ֣֪ѵһԪĳλǰڲɣһǰɽԼиֲͬѰĽƣʵ
ˣߵ̫˸ʦ˵ܹ̽ǰֶβڱϣҶһλǰһǾǽһõġ
ŶԭˣǴ˵ؾҶŵפˣһȻĵ˵ͷ
ҶһҲǴ˲ҲһɽΪסʱȻҹ粻˳٣ֻҪǱ֪ˡ
ĪǼȵľͷһҲˮ˵ͷһͬҶפطȥǷɽʱ򣬺ݹɽ·𳯶ӭ
֪ηǰ˴кιɣʿΪһӣ꣬˶ǽкڵΪ
ĪȻļȴҲӲһһͬͨݡҶŵһһӢĽ֮ףԪӤֵʮλһ½ɵһ
һĪ˶ɵɵӣ⼸ҶŽ𵤵Ȼæӭ˽ȥ
һ·ϣĪǴ·˵⡣ĪȻҪӵĳϣҲҶˣ˪ӣ·¶һɫ
һҲû뵽ĪȻҪ˪ӣҲ΢΢ԾǴ·Ϊѣ㿪ڵ֪ѩʦڷǿԣҵȿȼʦ㣬ʦɡ
⻰Ǵ·ɫԺÿһ֣˼һ±˶ɽһƫƧȥ˲ԶһɺХԭԴֳѩصķ
澰һĪһЦǶ羰ȻɣߵֶΣ˵ֵѩӢѩˡ
λϣκǰţҲֻܴҪϣ¡
һ΢΢һЦ޷ʦһѶһԱɡ
˵䣬һͳһöķģһףͬ鳲һ㣬ǰһƬ˪Ͷȥ
Ƭ֮һһǰһʤѩѩ
ѩһ۱㿴һһȻ۲һ΢Ծʦܣ㾹Ȼ޳ԪӤˡ
һ˵ͷʦ㣬СЩżмСЩɾͣȴǲֵһᡣʦ㾹Ȼ˽֮һʵʽ⣬С
˽֮ѩɫ΢΢ݣĿһһۣ˵ͷҽ˪Ѿ˽ıԵֻʦĽΪƺҲǲǳҲ㡣
Ҳ㣡ĸִѩ˵ĪûʲôһҲֻ΢ΣǴ·ĵ𾪵ĲУһŴܹ¼
һ֪ѩֱˬںЩչգȴܲСЩֻæ䣬ѩ˳ȥ
ѩľȺ£ѩʱƺĪĴڣĿһۣ˵ͷϲĪʦֵõ鱦
Ѱ£鱦֮໥Ӧѩ֪Īõ鱦Ҳ֡Īһл֮㿪˵⡣
ѩüͷ΢壬Īʦ˵ıؾǼʦеĹű֡ɣ
ĪѩȻ֪æͷֻ˵˪һռǰķû뵽Ȼ֣ϹķȻûԣΪ鱦Ч÷ͬѰû뵽Ȼ䵽˪УѹҶܹͽʦС
ѩ⻰ЩȻܿͻָڵ˵ǻǽֱʦɱȴܹ
Īɫһһ״˼һתʦ㣬Ȼˣ֪ܴܲΪǼʦ˼
ѩᵽֵʱɫ䵭ȥһڣȴɫ΢̾һǰǰιеĪʦֺʦľ绹ִڴˣˣִ裬ҲֻܴΪ
ĪΪûлᣬ⻰æʦԸĪм
ѩ״΢΢ҡҡͷȻˣǻλһͬǰȥɣ
һĪһЦȥ
˼ݹ㳯ɽ۷ȥһѩ·赲һ·ɽһԻ͵Ĺ֮Уͨһֱ֮ڲ㣬дһӺŮѩ㲻ĥ⣬˺Ϊ


һ 豦
ѩԣľһʦ𣬵ӴһԪĪʦֺһʦܶǰʦ𣬻ʦͼһ档
õ⻰аβŴȻˣǱɣ
˵䣬Ż򿪣װλķУһӺŮӶϣҶˣ˪ӡ
ĪһȺ˪һһ񣬶ȤĿŶˣ΢΢һЦĪʦֶδˣǰüʦˣʦֶõһ鱦ȴѵá
ĪȻΪ˰ȴ֪ǰŮӾ򵥣Լʦһ㣬ں֮жǶĴڡԷϸ˵ţҲĹһ񣬵ȻһЦл˪ǰ佱ӻԵɺϰˣȲʦ鱦ˡ
˪Ҳԣ˵ͷתһλϵҲ죬û뵽ʮǰϲΪȻ鵤ӤΪ֮Ǻη
һû뵽˪ӾȻǵõһԼ΢΢һЦһ˪ǰˣĳײЩôˡ
ײ˪ǹһ˿ζЦݣʵѩ˵Ƕǰ󣬲֪׺£
Īæǰһ˪ǰ˴ǵһǰһá
˪ӱϵЦݣ֮󣬶ʱĿѩһۣŵѩѾ˵ˣֱɱǱĶһ裬ֵĻֻʦֶһˡ
Ī֪˪һܾģæ˪ǰӲûа⣬ֻ˱̽һһ˵ǰݣǰӦʣǰʲôֻҪĪܹ쵽Ķԡ
˵Ī͵һſڣһö׹ӷ˳У˫𣬶˪ӵҵõ鱦飬֮鱦ǿգа֣ǰӦҿԽϡ
˪ӱΪԼؾҲĪģκҪ󣬶һһؾ뵽ĪȻý鱦ȡǾҲһ
⾧Ө͸鱦飬˪ҲԳһֶݡǧ꣬ı鱦ĴȴҲǲࡣУڶ鱦֮жǸƷĴڡ
洿֮ҶŵĺȻ֮ศɵЧȻĪ壬طĴö࣬ҲǴ棬пҶͻƾ磬ﵽΪ
ȻֻԪ֮Ĳȴ˶ܿóһ̣˪Ӷˡ
ٿĪʱ뵽Լֱ֮ܳ׶ˣԥˡĲ˵ڴһԪһ鱦ĺȴҲСӣǴ٣һ鱦һǿѣв˪ӻǿġ
⣬˪ٴοڵĪʦֶ鱦֮Ȼѡ㣬ǾͲǱܹõģ㻹ջȥɣ
ĪҲǴˣ֪鱦ļֵԶԶԼҪ˪ӲӦȻΪĹ˼һ뵽ܾҪһδʧתҶҪٴο˭֪ʱȴһȿڡ
˪ǰ飬Īʦִ˴跨Ϊҳǰ¡һ֮˶ݣǰ
˪ŶһԳ֮ɫԭˣû뵽ĪжȻ鳤ѵáֻǼҽֽ㣬ҲΧĲңиĿ꣬ҵǲ԰æġ
⻰ĪԳϲ֮ɫæڵ˪ǰѾĿˣֻ̽ǰˡ
˪û뵽ĪбݸһЦˣҾͰһæǣǣæɲܰװﰡ
ĪԣæǰʲôҪ˵ǣֻҪܹһ߾ȫ
˪ĵ˵ͷҪ˵󲻴˵ССһܹɣǾǣϣһεѩһͬжʱ໥֮Ӧ㿴Σ
⻰Īһ㶣˪ڰװװæԼͷһݸмæӦԼһлᡣ
һ˪ӿԼ»Լķݡ˵мƻҲ֪Դ֮ΣءȥҲ˵ȫˣ༸˳ȻЩȴҲȫ˲١οڵصѩҿν֪֪ףҲӦ
鵽ѾԲֻ˿֤գԶл˪Ӻѩ֮ȥˡ


һ 
һĪһͬȥֻ֮ʣѩ˪Ӷˡ
ѩǰ˪ǰδʦ㽫ʦӵֵ˵ʦ
˪ǹһ˿ЦݣɵӣС𣬼㲻˵ĪѵͲô˵ʱȥʦǰʱΪʦýô
ѩ˪ӲҲ˵ĵ˵ͷҪ˵һߡ˭֪˪ȴڵΪʦ㣬ĶͬҲǰἰΪνȴҪǣ
ѩһ㶣ԭȻԳһ˿ԥ֮ɫ̧ͷ˪ӲŷԼʦϹһζЦ⡣
˪΢΢һЦΪһɣұ˵⺢ȣ˶ӿȪϴνҴĥ˪Ƕ͸˵ˣѵǷĶ˲ɣ
ѩæҡͷʦһ޷Ŀɶ
˪Ӽ״̾һˣΪʦҲ׽Ū㡣һΪ˵Ҳֻ֪ɻǵõΪʦ˸˵ʲô𣿡
ѩԽһ΢΢ҡҡͷβſڵ˵أ٣һعһ٣Ƕ٣¡ޡ
˪ЦҲȥ˵ͷвСɾͣΪʦܵʲô̶ȣȴһ٣ǲС£ͷһա
ѩͬĵ˵ͷֻǵоλأ
˪ҡҡͷԲΪʦȻ֪ӲɫξȻΪһΪʦѵһ˿ô
ʦ˼ǣҵʦϣʦΪλҸʦȥԴ֮أѩ¶һ˿ɻ
ѩ㻹ǵʱӦٵô
ѩ¶ı飬ɫɷףһԿޣ٣ȴûжȥ񡭡
ѩԽ˵ɫԽѿ˵֣ʱ˫ʧһɱصϢк˲Ϣ֮䣬һƬѩ磬Ȼ߻ħļ
˪Ӽ״Գһ˿Уȴǵʲôûż֡ǣһѩϴһɫ鱦˪
˪ѩпʼе鱦꣬⣬Īյõвͬǵзɣ֡ѩ߻ħԳ
˪һһ罫ĺ𣬶ֱӴѩû롣

ѩһɫָ󣬿˪ӣԳһ˿ᶨֵʦģһڽն٣ɾɵ
˪Щֹǵ˵ͷȻѾΪʦٶ˵Ҳãȥɣ
ѩ˵ͷתȥ˪ӿȥıӰ̾һôնϵģңֻϣһûдܹһĥʯķиĥ³ɣ
ȴ˵һĪߺ֮Ȼ֪һ·ɻפأصһСĪ˷֮ɫƽصȻͬСһ㣬˵ס
һڴµ֪࣬˼ɹһξ룬Ĳ˵ǻ˿ﲢҶתһжˡĪѵˣҲˮֻҸʵʱһ¾ˡ
ʦܣ˵Ѿ赽һѴǱ񣬲ʦôӦ֣Ӧָô졣Ī侲ѯһ
һ뿪˵Լû˿Ӧȴǿȣ߱ĿڵĪʦ֣ҿ԰Ȱ˵һ𲻴ӦȴǻʦԼ£һýҶʦ˵ˡ
ĪһܹȰ˵ͷһϲһҪҶ˵Թǣصص˵ͷӦ߻ʦã֮£ʦҲǿǻʦòӦҲǵԵֻûеɣ
һͷһס
֮һǰȥٻפؼ˿Ϊ˲ע⡣˿Ϊ֮һҲܹעйŮ棬ʱǵò۷׷ס
ֻһͻ˿ںˣĽУһ̸֮󣬻˿Խһ˳


һ ٷͼ
ɫȻĻ˿һͷһЦĪʦְ¿ɲСҲʦ㲻˭һͲ֪룬ǵûʦӡ󲻺ãԺ󻹶಻ĥˡ
ͷ뷨£һͷһЦԻ˿ŵĻ˿СԼ˼ǣΪҲǿԴ֮أأҷͬ·֪СΣ
˿ü΢һ磬Դ֮ؼȻΣգǴСۣ
һİ˰ֵ˵۵ˣԼʵģĲ˵ѵСΪҴ㻹ô
˿ԣ֪ܾܾһ˿ЦݵȻô˵ˣСñ㷳ʹչˡ
һ˵˻˿ͷͷĪʦ֣СΪҲôЩˣʦԼŬɣ
˻˿һһ̱صԼס֮¸֪ĪĪ˻˿ﲻԸֻ֣ʧ˵һ˻˿һͬԴ֮أʱһ˼æлᡣ
ʱţʱ䣬ţһ˴ɽȻϰ˵Ĺģ⣬Ŷʮˣˣ˱ǧˣټһԪڱӣ˵нˣһʱɽһֶʢ
ַ£̵֯£ȻγһСʱУС
һǰĶǸɽܳӣĶǽڣ׵ƷʮֲһĪϾ֮ʱҲȥ˹䣬ڴڼ䣬һһ˺ü
ϲıǴһ˴УһһŵĽ𵤵йһŲооǵǽͼһǡ
ΪŽͼһɻ֮ˣͼǱڷӡ޺׽壬Լôصǿ
һƬ֮󣬱㳢Խ֮ԭźһĽͼϲƺΪ޺׽ĴڣȻӲֹ˽ͼһ
Ʋ⣬ȫʩΪȴǿԽŲͼһֻһķѾ޴󣬿ܻѹ޺ͬʱ޺׽Ҫ֪һ鱦ޱȣһҲ᲻𻵣Եݻ
֮⣬һн׻һٽķͳĶʮ롣Сطʮ˵
ʮ˵ģһֶͨƲһЩбĺô
νҲһ֣ѰƷʸߣֻȴҲ񱩣ضѪ⹦Ԧˡ
Ϊܹʹöʮ䣬ҼԦסһ˼һ̡
ʹ̵ʱһϲķ֣ʮ໥֮£ܹܹ۳Щ΢취ͶӰ
һԣҪΪƿ˳㣬Ƿȱ⣬Ƿ㡣
Ϲ֮ĥ𵤡һö֮أ֮ܣƾЩ̥ǣǿѽٷ
ִУȻزذأҪһδεĸı̬ɵ鵤ӤԪӤԪȵȡ
Ϊе·ĲͬϹ֮ʵǿִʵСһԽսɱ˵ֻ֡Ϲ֮·Ҳûı׶ˣ㴫ûжϾҲѴ
ǾΪϹ֮·̫ݲ̫Ϲʱ֮ʢˣӯ걸Ҳֻ֮ʵ࣬˵֮ȴҲ١
˵񴫳жϾϡ٣ѰûдԵˣϹ֮ȥҲֻһײǻҲǧѡ
һ𵤣ǽ𵤶תһ̬ϹźУǻԵ̫нȾָУˮĸı⣬øֻԵԼм䡣
˵֮ǰľǲɸƣҲһգҪ³̣ٴλ˲μԭǾԴ֮ĴԵԼǳԴ
̡ܹͨ취ͶӰȻ㲻߽Ƕ㲻ϡ֮ƣ޾ǾţһëҲ㹻
̫Сͬʱ̫෨ͶӰƾ̣Ҳܱȳ˿Ҳֻ볣൱ȻȴҲʤˡ
⣬һɢɢػ˲٣Ҳ׸ʱһԪڵϲڴĵϢǱԴ֮ؼ򿪡


һ һԪ
һգɽϿվˣţ̬ϢԿЩ˷ͬɣǲ֮ͬħϢ
Щһ˴ɵˣڵõһԪ֪ͨԴ֮أһͬ֡
룬߸ȺŵˡһԪڣڣħڣҶţ貨ţħţսħţߴǧϵۣͱһ˴Ҫǿһöɵĵ̡
һ׵³ϣʮ³ϣһСΪһֱвע⣬˵Ŀȴϡ
Ľ³֮ӣһѣͬˣһ۽£ǾͣܳӣӢĽܣԪӤǰʮ˾ͽ˺ſ
һ˲עԼֵУǰ۲λʦ
˾ͽ˻ſԼΪһͿֻ֪ǿȴ֪ǿʲôط𵤶ת൱ԪӤʵ۽Ҳ˰ٱǧֹ
Ŷ˵ıӰһͷ˼ɣһʱȻĪһ𣬵Ī鱦ûȫԻûиоһˣٽѩĳһ飬ʱȻ
ԭˣ鱦ܳΪ֮ȴ鱾һķͬԳС硣֮뱦ϣܹ߱鱦֮еķһٶȻԶͬ٭ʹ鱦֮ʱܵ鱦֮еķһѹֽԪӤӵжսˡ
һ뵽ͷһȣԽԽӵһܹʹõ鱦Ҳ֪󣬱ֻȷһߡ
´µʱ򣬺еһĿ⳯ԼͶ̧ͷȥֻǰƮƮſ
ſһ΢΢һЦ˵ͷһ״ҲһЦʱһԵ˾ͽҲתͷһ䵭һʱҲ΢΢˵ͷ
һĻɵ΢΢ԾΪһĪûΣǱ֪飬ſ˾ͽЩϵݣʱ˲²׷ס
ʱһ̨һеһǿҵĸԼкҪ̽ʱǹɸɢƺûгֹһ
ףɺŨ񣬵˭ңѵǵ˭¼ңǱġ
һʱһӹ֮𣬱ɽ𣬶һ⻪ɽ𣬲Ƭ̣ɽһƬĺ
ʱǳĺת͵˻ɽ棬һӾ춯ص𵴳˷ȥڳٶǽ𵤼ĸ֣ǿǺ֣֮¶վȵĸо
ǿʲô
һ˳·ȥԭͬͬϺĻһ㣬ͻȻǳһйʧΨһľɽ
Ȼ㾰Ѿ˳ԾˣԶԶûнͨɽϣâȻֺϱ仯ʱ䣬㻯һض޴ޱȵͼ
ͼһͷͼϵãˮĸ֮дмйɽɵͼɵһ޴ޱȵɼ󣬻һԪ󡯡
ôʮּ򵥣Ǿǻ۲ҿԪ֮ȴΪһ£ܹԪϯһ硣ҪǣҪ˼Ĵڣƶ󷨣Ǿ㲻Ҫ˵ҲҪԶˡ
ֶΣôֱʣ
һһ̾һԪڲǵһţȻתһ룬뵽ڣ뵽ϣһϹּҲô򵥵ġ
һ̾˼ͬʱǴһɹԪ˷չһԪˮ¶仯ɺһĴڣӿһԶͶ롮һԪУʹôøǿΪԴ֮صĻ
ѰһԪ󡯾ܹۼԪҲô죬˭ֶΣ̻ɽϣʹɽԴ֮صԿףһؼڳΪۣȻ°빦
ˣҲ㻨ʱ䣬żôӯɽԭŨԪѾ¶ڲϢ
涼ûϢнʿֱͶ֮СΪˣӯŨӿٶȣ治١
ԪӤ֮϶û飬һӲ˵Ϊǲȱȱط
ʱ䣬һն˻ǾޣϢֳֻͬһ˼ͷȫڹ۲šһԪ󡯵ת仯ÿÿ֮һ΢СİһЦ


һ Դ֮
⡮һԪɼ󷨣˲ܲãѰͼһԪȫ߶³ֱ˹עڳ˶ǸɾӢǶ̰ʶ⡮һԪ󡯶ôҲǿס˼ȥ̽Ѱ
Ȼ֮ҲǾĸ֣ɼϷŹֻɼɼǿڣȫ󷨣ֻܲһһ㣬ȫ̽ܣҪ֮ǰȫƷʱ߻ħǱǿ
ȻЩֻ˵⡮һԪһ˵˲ͬ
Դ𵤶תϹ֮·ŽϹ֮ȻҲרȴҲݲֻҪһĶ֮ڣܲɼɽ֮ʯԹ֮񡣾ṵ̂õĵǣ̰òࡣ
Ϊ֣дмжԡһԪ󡯵ĽܣҪǣѾ춨ܹ֮ܣְضӲ㡣һĹ޸֣ȻϷŹᡣ
һʼ㶯˾ųͷ̽㡮һԪ󡯣治ɼ󣬱ԸҲҾݣֻһƲ⣬ˣٶҲֳһֿʮٱ
ʱҴҹȥһǧ֮һûУˣΪѾ޽ӽʦȻΪûȴһֻۡ
֮һ˿΢һյ̾һæջͷȻһ֮н𵤵ӣ󷨵ַ׷˻ΪһԴ֮ص׼ѾãһҪԴ֮ˡ
˳һԪ֮󣬴֮б仯ηһķģصһȻֱ֮ʡֻһռѷ쾹Ȼ˺
Ѱռѷ첻ͬռѷ׳˰ٱֹ沢ͨռһƬʣСһĴڡ
˶ˣʱһһڼҵӣʱʱ
⻰˶ʱ٣һµĸַ׷ݹ⣬ȿֺѷ˹ȥֳΨԭزЩ˶ԪӤʮ֮ĸ֣һ
˾ͽһΣҪ֪ĽǿĽһǰһָ˾ͽˣǵɱϹݣƺʲôǿĶ
ߣǵõ鱦ˣȻţȻսңǾ͸ɣҾһʶʶǰӵħ㽣˾ͽһٲᣬݹѷȥˡ
ϹݼҲ⣬һЦ˾ͽ˱ȥ
㹦Сùϲֻ٣ҲʱԶˣ֪ûУħţԽΪܲܶȹܿôƺ籣ѩֵ鹫ӺƷҲ˿ڹѩ
ѩһһ˪ɢԲɻʱƷƸ⣬ͬʱתͷĿһһۣȻǲɫƺ·һ㣬׹һö𽣹ȥ
һûϵͷɻȴǺƷƿԼ˫ŭɣƺԼǷǮƵġһԴֻƷԳһ˿գ˶Ҳ˿类
ſţαҲ㳢ԱץζһŨѪζƮѪŭָſʱҲһһۣ֮лɻƺû뵽һٹСӾȻɳ˾磬˿ΪһܹһЦȻһҲĿꡣ
ħڶ֮УȻô඼Լһɾʸ֮ĵĸоȻ£ȴҲЩ鷳Īʹһɫǰ𽣹㳯ѷȥ
˺ڶЩԹľӢҲ¼ݻҲ׷Ͷѷȥˡֱһӷѷ죬ʱһѷŻպϡ
űպϵѷ죬صĺ峤Գһ˿ĽֻǶ֪Դ֮ԪӤٸߣҪԴ֮Ϊвתƽ֮ĥ
λϣһǵҲȥһ¶ɽٵɣһԪڵĺ峤Ͽڵ
ڳԣħ϶Գһ˿أȺһԪڳϳɽȥ
ֻǲ֪ʱһӰɽ֮⡣ǲϸͲ˲
ӰԼٶɽ˺üȦƺ¶˾ĳɽϳȥһɫֱˢںӰϡ
Ӱһ򣬺ʹ֮æˣת۾ʧԭأʧ֮ǰһĿֱֱսɢѷ죬ǹһ˿Цƺı


һ ƣСŲ
һƬտĿռ䣬ûأûɽûлľûѰеһУеֻһ㣬ռͬǺӡ
һӰͻ룬ֵǣЩǹĹ⻪Ͳճǻһ㣬һӵϣӰ˹ȥ
ƣ
һȴӰзɳŹһʱ㾡ĥɾһ̸Ĺַ˹ƺʿһ㡣
Ӱ״Ҫ֣״һæֶͣΣĿǹӽǹҪϵʱźȻ
һ̤һ˿΢ĲȻǹ˸Ƶϡһ£Ƿ˶ǹƺеͬϢס
ܿ죬ڶ̤ǲȻȫǹƵһ㣬ڶǹ׷˺ǵ̤ʱǲȻǹɽǿӦһ˿ϢڶǹѸٻصԭλϣƺһжûзһ
Ӱ״޹˼ɣ沽һɣʮɣ󽣹ֱԼٷһʱ䣬żǿձԵͨһ£һͷһǰ
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Ӱһһѷŵǿ硣ֻԤ벻ͬǣȻûֱͨƣΪŹ̽鵽ߣ˴ơ
ǿоƺ̺Լ䲻ȵԣʱԼܹԸġҺǧһ֮ʣΪã˳
һп򵥣ǾɡΪһ춨˵֮ܣܹڶ̶ʱǹƵʣ˺˶ӵе
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һ£˼ǳ𣬱Ҳǳ𣬿ʮǰ綼סˣǰֻСɫע⣬񽥽ӽЩ߼ڣٱ֣²ʲô£ԺСأǵ򲻵ѣҪʹˡ
˽ڣһҲ𽣹㳯չȥ
֮ȫͬĴڣԪӯޱȣطǱɽϸٱһһ·յԪķҲ˰ٱ
̾Դ֮زʥصͬʱһεض𣬵½سǰɽ֣ԭɳĮַòһȫһ棬Դ֮ؾŨǧС硣
һһɽۣб㴫һͳһѩö
ųǰ֮дѩֻ䵭ͬ·ˣƺ˴ûйһ
һʼû뵽Ϊʲô̶ʱѩǻһˣҲ룬һָϣ֮˳ȥ
˺ȡһ̷Σǰ⻪˸һӰͻأǰĪ˿ƽ£Ѧƽ⣬ϵˡ
ʦܣһΪĴѶֶΣû뵽ȻֱӿռŲƣ⵽ʲôĪЦ⣬һ״ƬܸȤĿһ
ܹռŲƣѵǴ˵еԪֻҪһΧڱܹ໥ӦŲƽ²ʮӢӣȻΪߣԷͲ˽ʮһ۾Ϳ˱¡
һԵͷʾͬ⡣ⶫǵˮĸõ౦Դ֮УΪͬУƵΪľӰȫ̶ȡ
˱СŲ̣ܹ̾ŲƵ̵ڣ˿Сã֣Ѧ֣ӣʵΣվ˱ʱͿŲƵҺĪʦڣҪȫࡣ
⻰ƽµɫãǰһȻһӾԪӤֱӻǻ˿ԣ˿ƣƳһԵĪһۣһ˿ɫҲ֪Щʲô
˵ѩ˶ԸȴƬ̣ȻƬ֮һ䵽ɽѩ
ѩһ˪Ҳ˵ʲôվһԡһѯԭ򣬵ջգԼԤõƽѩѩƴǣ˵ܹ̾Ųƺ󣬲֪ǸоԴ֮ΣأǱԭ
һΪ˼һŦҲƴʱӣһȺ˳½̽Ѱȥ


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Դ֮ؿһС޶ڵĶ컹Ҫϰٱֹ˷˰ҲԿش
Ϊӷļʣ˷ֳ鳯Ѱȥһƽ£Ѧƽ⣻ѩϣĪ˻˿
ķ䣬ҲͰˣ˿ԹĿһһۣЦѡȷʵΪ˵϶ˣĪĹ£Ҫȡһˡ
һƽºѦƽɳǧ֮⣬ߴѶѯһ˿ǰ
ϣ㿴ʲôѵþȻѦƽһһرӥ֮ͫһö߽ͫƣܹ֮һʶɨͨҲԶ
һһֱʶԶһӾͷѦƽ˵ĴڡֻԶһɺڶ𣬸˵ĸоޱȵۻ࣬ħɷ֮Ҫۻ͸档
ףʲôȻۻ˹Դ֮ԴôȶڡһҲɵóһνǼʶ㣬Ѫɷۻȳ̶ȵϢȴδ
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ʶһ㣬һԼԼһȺڻ֮£񱼲ѣѰ죬ֻЩŹ֣ƺ˽ɽһƤֲֳָۣ浶ǹ֮£еĶôΨһֻܡ
߰ɣȥˣһ˵ţһһʮ⣬ǵصĻǰ
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ͺһһһʵʵĽ⣬ǽɳʱ򽣷̧һ֮£ɨȥ
Ȼޱۻ࣬ѰɽһմȾҪۣһᣬ˫ǽǶ⽣ɣ˿ۻ࣬ɨȥǻɨ룬ԭѹѹһƬؾȻԳ
·Щ˱Ҫ𣬺ùֿһʱϲѣȸԾֹ
֣ѦϢһԳϲ֮ɫǰ䣬ȴһֹ̧
֣Ѧ֣ٽЩߣ֮ЩŹ֣
֣ѦҲɣҲʮʩչֶΣһ𼸸˶ȥ
ڶ˷ûԶһ˻Ƶĺӻ֮де˭˭˴үֶΣߴүѪʳҹôү̻ò䲹𣡡
һԭüͷ΢壬չۿǻһι˳̼ףڣͷǣһ˫͹ȻƵնɱҰ֮ĿҰ
̤վڿңңһһȻҲƾնʱһ㶣üͷһԭڳǳˣӣǶʿɣðãþûԵˣ㻵ֶΣѪʳǾԼɣ
һһЦȻݣ⻰Ҳ֣ԭɲ¾ǸЩйأԼҪģȻǰˡ
һЦǹֻԼɵˣѽѽһͳЮһŨһӾͳһ˹֮¡ȻѰ𵤣⻹ǹճ˿СΪԷһ׼˿ɽ˵ֶΡ
Ѱ𵤵ӣǶԷֶι죬ǻۻ࣬СĶԸһ൱ԪӤΪֶθǲ¡
ӻٽֱûж֡ۼǴеĴھȻ򵥵Լǹͷһϲ⽣֮ȻԲģȻܹظ֣ٽ⼸̳ˣԭ֮ѰɱȥǶԼļһɱܡ
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⽣ȴҪἰһ˽֮Ҫʵʱ򣬴ӽʩչġħ⡯֮еõȻûϳָһҲͨóһ·ǾǽɽýɣҲ㹻ǿߺһɡ˽֮
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֪˽ܳһʱͷֻڴ˽Ƕ⽣һɽ
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׼һԽʱ֣Ѧ˴һȺ˸˹û˵Щ˷׷׹ߺл˾֮
˼ǲֻ֣ѯһȴЩƺЩ־壬ǰһ䣬ǵģֻ˵һЩɢĴʣʲôħڳǣׯ֮ࡣ
һáСתͨ͡ȡ뷨ͨƺǽһĴڣ˵ãǷһЩ¶Ҫ֣ȻĨɱ
ڳ˶ǻ֮֮ͨҳһõĶǾЩԭסĵطһڡ
Ҳ֪һ˵ݣǸл֮һȺһ˷شׯһ˰أһɽ꣬ԶԶһ˿˿ڶȻ˾סǳԾǣطǰʶ̽ȴǰûзֺۼ
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ⷬƽºѦƽȻЩһȻô˵ˣȻҲֻˡ
ʵһ˵⻰ıΪҪǷһ·ѾתߵʶЩ˶̽һ顣
Щ˿볣죬ǰֻܹȻһ㣬˵Ǹǿ׳̽ʱҲȷʵķ˸Ӵ⣬ֵǣǼûѨҲû澭


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ԭ̸ۣһѾ²νġ汮һС˲ܹⷽСﵽһ壬Բܹʶ˲ܷ֡
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ȻҲֻƲ⣬һȻоųɰȴҲ˵ƣֻ˵Īѩ֮о
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һӴ˵֪ģԴ֮صıԴǵۻ࣬ǹνʿϢ
ԭЩνʿʵӵˡУƾշУȵȣһĶܹٲɱˣǿܹɽˮЩǾŴǿսԭȷ棬ת
ЩһʱΪʲôԼ˻ᱻǶʿ㣬˼ֲУȴӵɵЩɻ
һҪһͷϸѯһ¶ʿԴʱһĸӰǰ


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һ״һ߻ַųһڴסһ߿ЦĪʦ֣ʦ㣬˿Сãӣڻˣ
ĸӰǰЩͨСŲ̻ͬǣϱвͬ
ĪϴŵЦ⣬˿üšѩϺ˪أϲ⣬ƺõʲôö
һ״֪Ȼ·Ҷͼ֮󣬱Ҷ峤˰ŵĿͷ档
˾һ˿ĪѩʵĪʦ֣ʦ㣬֪ʲôȻЩʱ䡣
ĪԣҡҡͷЦ𡣶ѩǲһüͷ΢תͷ˿ԵϣʾϱŮӣΪӣϸ緢Ϳѩһ֮Щ⣬Ҳ֪Լ͡
ϣ϶Ѱһǧ·һͷ𵤼ޣϳնɱ֮˺ѰȥּһȺޣֽɱһŻˡ
Ŷ֣ۻɣѦƽһ˵æʵ
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˵䣬ϴͳһʯÿһöɢŨȻ˵ȫƷʯʱƽºѦƽ˿һ㶡
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ʵϣƷʯѾǱȽټƽһٶʮöƷʯļ۸Ҳһ˻ƷʯмУԪӤ弶СڼƷʯǷǵúֲӵˡ
һƷʯһó͵óʮʯһ㣬󡣶˵Ȼһãβ˳Ծѡ
һӵˮĸƫƷʯǲԾһ鳬ѰƷʯʯȴ򣬵ȻһЦöʯ㣬ѾﵽƷʯķ룬ֻ̺ϢɳΪƷʯˣҲʮѵˡ
⻰ͷöʯնɱһͷӽԪӤڵĹãֻǲҡ
⻰ֵʯ֣ѦĽ֮ɫа£һҪһɱЩ
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˿ﱾüͷ΢һɵһ졣Īû˿ִ٣ֻùһЦʦܼȻ֪ұ˵һ˵ˣ뻨ʦǶͬûȴһȺ۵ļһ
Բ⣬Ī΢Цű˵һԭ鲻ͬǷǵûˣҲ½ϵĶʿ
ʿʱҲеĪ˿˵ǶʿЩʿ֮еľӢ˵˼֮󣬶˱©ڶǼʿݲ˿òϷ䣬ʱ˿Ｄŭ˫
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ĪȻôЩʿһҲԾԼںҶú²ⶼ˵˳ʱĪȤ
Ҳ汮ԣȺԹѩϽԵõ˼ӳ֣ѩõ˼ӳһӶĪͻ˿ûзӦ˸֤һ˵һ˼֮£ڽ¸Ū˸
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νȪ࣬ԴȾ࡯
Ϊ籾Դѡβķʽڶ౦Ϊģջ֮۳ɸֻɢ½֮У½ϵЩ֮Ҳһ˲²ģ֮ԴЩ˵ԭ
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ʱһЩ˽ʵǰݸĽɫȻǲͶܹңʹȹ⣬նɱ޵ʱ򣬻ɻ޺ĵıԼÿһ汮ڣõӦ˵ļӳ֡
ȥԼν˸˶ʱȥ峤ѯʻ޷ֲϧҶ屾ǱС䣬ʶǳϢֻ֪ˣ֪Ҳǲࡣ
мڴˣ˾ȥһЩĵط̽ϢֻЩסضС汮ʶ̽飬Ȼһӵܹ֮Ӧڣȴñ¶ֻҶҪ˵ͼĻصسǸȥ
һ·ȥޡЩ󣬵ֻмͷ𵤼ĻޣȴҲһ˳ֻ֣û˿֡ھĲӦ֮ǸҳԸֶΣնɱȥ
յͼⷽԲǧĳгءȻȺҶСӴ˲٣ǳȴЩǿһͰĳǽϡϡͬ衣
УȻȺҶ己һЩĴɢȥԴ̽ϢһҿջϣԵϢۺڽǰõϢƴճ
˵½Ź֮һĳڣأǱ֮еıνعϡҲл޳֡Ϊؼǳأس˹ٸ⣬һǿأҲһʿáڡ
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ˣΪ˷ٸ붷ʿ֮ĽڸжʿáУʿͨ񣬵õڴǰսзöʿ½޺ʿĴڱ˽޵
һһҲع⡮ʿáֻҪнޣȻñ˼ӳֱǡ鷳鷳ڣЩʿȻҲ֡汮ܹ޵˼ӳ˵ĺôڵؽɱޣҪڵء汮üӳ֡
һΪ˷㶷ʿ˼ӳ֣ҲΪ˷ֹжõôʿõ޽Χ汮汮룬ǵӵбݵĶʿý롣
֪ϢԭΪԱܿ鷳նɱޣñ˼ӳֵ˲ΪȻû汮ҲԽɱޣǲܵõ˼ӳֻ֣ܵõǵͬڶϼ֥飬ٺãȵù˵ô
ˣһ֮飬ǾǴҶװ½붷ʿóΪʿһܹʹ汮˼ӳ֣ܹöʿṩϢɱĻޡһ˷׷ױʾͬ⡣
ж֮ǴĶǷķ£任̬ټ򵥲ǿҲѲ˶ʱѧ˸ǻԲֶα任òһ仯ͬߣܹӦϢ𲻳Ĳ
ڶգһ¶ӽ붷ʿáضʿõæȵʿصأ˵Ȳý롣
Ǳ仯֮һһɫˣ£϶ʱһͺһһţһը죬ԭʵĵ澹Ȼըһѷ
һĻʿʱŵ˺æݵԭǶʿˣС飬ˡˡ
һϷ࣬ҲΪѣһ㳯ʿڲȥʿڣϡϡļءһʹֱߵǰ̨
ǰ̨һ˻ˣһڵĳʱһȻûһϿκ֤ݵĶ⶷ʿùʮ꣬ȴ֪ܹģ㲻ǶʿҲǼˡ
֪λǰкιɣһЦ⣬æѯʵ
һĿ˿壬ָָһ޴£붷ʿʸ񡣡


һ ߵǱ
붷ʿ
ԣʱȻȻСسǣΪ⺷ʢУЩ޴ȻΣСɱ֮󣬴ӻڻñҲܴ˳Ϊʿ
Բʱлǿɱ޵õڿһΪʿǰעᡣһȻЩҲһʿ˰ˡֻǼˣֻҪΪ˶ʿǾԶ׵Ĵڣܹġ
ԭҪΪʿȽãС̸㰲Ŷʿԡ˵䣬æݹһд˸ĿֽԼСų̨ȥ
һһҳֽ뵽ԼԴûжֽʣû뵽ξȻҪٴЬӣɵͷЦȴʩչͨҲֻֽʣһ㽫֮ǰ׼õļС
ʱպ˻µĶʿΪһֵ˵֪ҰСӣȻſڷʯŪˣǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
⼸ʿԣæСĸ͡һۼ⣬պÿһдϣæΪǶʿָָ³磬㿴Сӡ
ףˣѵǷذ˲ɡ³նʿٺһЦһȺ˳һ˹
һΪǲֶΣԲһ֮ڵһһȺ˵ĶԻѾ߹Ȼʲô˼ҲЩˣֻͷϣдϣҪʱȴǵס
Ϊ³նʿ˫ֽǰһȥ·סϴżЦСӣ붷ʿʸ˰ɣ
һ¶⣬⻰磬ֻǵ˵ù
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һԣһȻͷȴЦѡӣǱʲôطһѡ͵ķʽβͬνԴ֮أ½ϵģ֮⣬ǧĸɵӳϡ
Ȼǹͬ񣬵ʵȴҲǾ֡Ϊ½Źռ죬汮ڶʿ֮СΪռȻõô˶Ҫľǻ붷ʿ֮Уǽ߲㡣
Ǳ뾭ףҪȫѡ͵Ҫٶȿ죬õİ취עĿԽǸߵȻԽױ¶ֻҪʾ㹻ʵǱܹܿѡɫŶߵǰֻʵĶʿһ̤塣
˵ù㲻ⲻǺù䶼̫ʹһһƲƺ潫Էһ㡣
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ͨĪһԿЩʿİأӲڽ￪ٿռ䣬УʹõʱűǿͨһȻĪ˵Ǵ˫ۼ֮нͷųŲǿһ
һ֮ǿڣֶȴʮֲִڣ罭ʿھȲϡһͷ֮Աǣȴ¶ʵֶΣֻųһ˿˫ȭȭӣһը촫˸߶
һȻܸԼƴһʤ³նʿͷҲЩԾȴ˿塣ԼֻǱټһ߳Ȼܹѵ֪ߵغˡ
һûпͨҲܹӱжϳԷ˼Ȼ˿壬ȴֶһٲֿ
³նʿ״ΪһҪͶȴʹ˷ŹݺһЦСӣôˣѵôҾҶҳԲѷɲô׾ͷŹġ
ʱһߴӺ洫һʿǹ˳
Ŀ³նʿһۣô³˶ʿ֮вĹô
³ԣɫ΢䣬ָһʿ֮вʿСӲǶʿңβܽѵѵ
ӾȻǴ˴ʿõ³Ļһ㻹֪ѵΪҶϹӲɣֵܹһ֮˶ʿʲôʱûеõʿʸ񣬵Ȼд˶ʿϣ׼ǣҲʹɱɱġ
˵䣬һƷųȻ൱Բӽ𵤼Ĵڡ³еⳬԼ̫ƣʱɫÿĿһһۣһҲ˵ʲôݻԼ¼ʿ㳯ȥ


һ һʿ۷
³ȥɫһʱɫһ䣬һ䡰ҪԾ͸㳯ȥһ״ҲΪ⣬Ͻ֮󣬴ҡڵľ͸ųȥ
忴һıӰҡҡͷᣬ̫³ǵȶˣҲйϲΪʿҪЩͷ˰˵ţҡҡͷɻصǰ̨һȥˡ
һŹʿȥ·һãŽգһȴеһϤϢɵפ
һͣǴɫԽӲÿһǱң汮ֻնɱ˻޵Ķʿܽ棬õ汮֮ļӳ֡űң޵ʵҲԽԽǿˣҼöˣճΪʿͺøԶҪնɱޣʵˣڰ˷һʣ
ȷʵһԣ׹Ǻɸֵ뷨Ҫ͵ʵʵĴƴҪȻֻĴһǣں
һԲġͷȻȴҲö˵һߣһСѰͬǣûеǹꪵȱеֻһʯ
ʯ°ͣһɣԿж󣡡
һԣû뵽ֵԷľء뵽ЩʿյĴֲڳ̶ȣҲȻˡ
˿صʯԷ̫ףѡеȴСʯһ;ٹͷ
Ȼнӽʿ澹ȻҲǲˣѹܹ³һȭˣҪ̫
һʵǿ֮ģ֮һͷ΢Ҫָ㼸䣬û˵꣬һֱصȥȻ˴Сǰͣ
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һȻһУֻ˿ں˫һץһᣬڹ֮У˴Сץ𣬾ٹͷ
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һԾԾȴ϶һӣæֻǲҪԿĹǿûйǿҲ㲻ϺϸĶʿ
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ˣҲʡ鷳һ˵ű㳯һȺǽ߹ȥ
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һ֪ҲСǶ˵ͷӹõһʿ۷ĲԽ㳯ȥ
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һ˵ͷĽǼ˲ԽƸ塣忴˿㿪ʼ¼ǿοһβԾͨˣõһʿ۷Ľȷʵѵðʲôһ۷壡
عʱŵôӰŲԽ˼ۣȷԼûп
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һ֪ȴ˿һƲһӲʿȥüĿ֮ϤУһһЦ


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һСسǣƽ鲻ĳĳʿɱ޹֮࣬һգȴһ¡
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壬ڶʿ£ٶʿˣ촫ϢӦ˵˵µ滹Ǽٰ
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⻰Ȼֻ˵һ㣬һ۷嶷ʿĳֱǰǳƪĴţ䶯һʱ䣬ڳ˻ȻһƬҹض֪顣
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ЩǶʿ÷֤ȼϣΪ߸ȼֱǳࡢȡơ̡ࡢɫֱӦʿȼʿʿһʿʣԼǴûгֹĶ֡
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һգһֱȵףƬ֮󣬲ҽ಻ϣһ󣬽֮󣬹ȵ׺ɢ֮ɽ潥ָ

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һգһֱӽǻĻ룬°ٵĻĻ֮лһӡ

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״æʱһȴ̫ԾΪ͸о߸ԶףЩϵЩƣҲһĭ
ЩжѣЩɫҲͰˣһ۷嶷ʿƴȫǿԽЩɫ񣬱ʮҲһܹһǰһ˽ʮ˶ʮ
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һľǸߵƣȻܾ룬һ˴ҡڵڹСź³ȥһĻʿиǾӶҪɳ
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һУʶãһȴ÷ͨ³˶˵һСˣֵѾԸ
һҪòĵ֪ݣڳһΪǶܹ⡣յ蹦ûѯʳǱ˲ٻбкЩΪҪ޺ͶʿֲȵȣһȤȴ˵Ĺ汮÷


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һһһʮùæ˰ʱȷԼ׼ཱ
ȹңһպôӹõ֪Ϣ㲻ٶ˷ʱ䣬΢΢һЦѾˣ֪ҵȿɷܹȡһá汮ӳ֣
壬ӹõ϶Ĵ𸴣Ȼ׼Ҳ̲סһΪһ֮ҲǳǸ֮ܿͻָ򶨣һЦʵλʵǿΪسΣȻܹȡõ汮ӳ֣֪λҪȽһ
ȻЩνĽһ˲أ֪Ѱʿʵ඼Ϊ˽ΪȻ֪ǺöţУЩʵʵڵĺôʱǰʿΥҲںһʱ䣬Źȥȡ˽
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ʵ֪νռ䱦类ǸոսнĲ񣬿ϷЩ򣬶ܹһֻû뵽ţȻһϽһ˵ʵ²˼֡
ʵʵ֮󣬹Сź򡣲Թɫƺǰȥ汮ӳ֣ﻹȴæǰ濪·һ쵽ҡ
Ɱһ̨̨һȺҶ塮汮ġ汮⻹ãһ뷿䣬˱Լܴϸоһεѹƺһǿվǰ
оһΪأ߶̨֮汮֮дϢǵʱӣһ˿˿ϢƺҪһʵȻһ㡣
һԴ˷ǵ£˷ܣΪѾ֪ԼֶôǿԸЩĺɱҪЩ壬ɣȻԼְԼ˵Դе
ֻܲ⣬汮ϵѹƬ֮糱ˮһȥظһ΢΢źΪɵķǸ˽Ĺ͹塣
½ֻĥȴǲʶʶԼʵǿ󣬵ʶȴֻͨǿһߡͬϹӲǿһоо汮ѹ
˲֪ԵɵſڣȻɻȴҲùʡ˶ָһĿ汮һۣĪʦ֣ɣЩ뷨Ҫһԣǳ⣬ǻȡˣǾ͵òʧˡ
ĪȻ֪һҪʲôȴҲȺ汮ǰ̽汮ϡȻǲ룬նɱ˻֮Զӳ֣оһ˿˿󵭱˳ڣ˶оǰδе
ǵһν˼ӳֵĪͻ˿ˣоһЩϵƿɶϵɬҲȻʡȻдһԼͷӿֻ֣Ҫ㹻ʱ䣬Ҫͻڵƿƺôѵ顣
һϼ̨ȴֱӰڼ̨ϻȡˣ汮תһȦ˵ͷһСɡ
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һѻһдһŽɫܳըֳһͷһߴСĽɫѻǻѻС
һָ汮ͺһȥɣСɣۡһ䵽汮ϣ˫צץס汮˲䣬һе˿ʼӳֵСϡ
Ȼ
һ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˫͵İ汮ϣһҲڣһȦɢֱҪء
ӵ˽֮ͫһοϴӦͷһ̨֮йâ䣬͵עǴ֮֮ͫͨСʱģǧ˿һɼȥ˸ס͵һϱͶ֮ͫУһˡ

һһȴ׼ʹ˰֣ǽ֮ͫĲ˿ֱͶ汮֮У͵ĳմС˲ƶȥ
һ˲䣬汮ʶķ΢΢ƺҪ֣ͬʱһ̨֮ͶӰҲͬƵ΢΢һ汮еķ̳ȥ
һܵһУͷ΢΢һϲȫת֮ͫסǹ˱㳯ԼϹ㻨ʮϢĹ˱롮֮ͫбͨһʣʱɢȥ״һ֮ͨͫоԼŨһ֡


һһ 
һˣܵ汮˲ûжϾһĵ˵ͷӶӶᣬ˸飬ȴԸġ
ԭںҶʱܷ˼ӳֵʱ򣬶һݣˡֻǵʱûǡĻᣬҲñ¶֮ͫͨܡ
һνȡ׼ɱ޵ĹУСҲС̫ܿƻһһնɱޣȻܵõ˼ӳ֡һᣬԼ뷨һˡ
һĻһʮأ˵汮֣ʶáԱĪѩҲֻ֪һЩֶΣʲôͲˡ
ǹֻ֮ǳԾСĴڣǲ֪ղһĻһ˶󵨵飬˵ֱӾܻ˳汮˵ļӳ֡
һĪ˿ϵС΢΢һЦû뵽ʦܾȻôһͷޣʮ㣬˵ֹ̽ȥҪһ
С˿佱ʱġɡУֻǼĪ̷ſ˳һ׶ɫ̫
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СһӲ󣬻С
Ī΢΢һЦ̧΢΢һģһָСڡһĻ˶ΨСһƺʲôûзһ
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һգһ˱϶ʿ˶ʸ飬ǲǳܹ⣬䲻˵ߣ繷һΪҲʲô顣
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һĪѩʵ˵ɶġɫ񡯣ǶʼġɫҲǲԳԵġʿȴй涨ΪǣҪȡȼ񣬱ӽУһֻܽһ
һ˲Ȼֻɫ𣬲٣ҪۼƹǻƲ֮£ɷ飬Сӣȡȥ
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ԳѾϸ˰һۣһһ㶼ֻɻϼһǵ棬϶Ǻų˲壬ôң
⻰¶һ˿صЦ⣬ǿϽӵֶθ֪һҷһ£˵ʲô˲壬ҳϲ㣬ҲǿԵ
⻰߲ɻ֪ͷĸ˵⻰ȻԭƾŶ˹ӲĽ飬߿ѯʡǰƺΪװ⣬أֶԷҲ֪£Ҳг
˵һɫʲô˵һ˽־ͽϯӡʤѩܣʹõĻԶ


һ߶ ƻǰ
һĲţȷԼλȷʵҲ֪飬뵽ԼҲҡͷ˼֮󣬰ܵѶ£ŴҴȥ
ڰǰȥűһʹⱻץУһֻ߲ʷ
ߴӷȡһţƬ֮һ㶣¶һ˿ϲЦû뵽ˣϽһοҪҰͷ
˵գ磬ƳգһЦȥ
ʿ֮вٸֲһ󣬷׷װûпм½ĶʿҪǰס磬ȴǰסһæǽȥĳ磬ǿ־ͳ羴֮ɫ
ȴ˵һƽºѦƽ˸ϸһɫָĵص㣬ɽͷǺңңЦͲҽа֮
֣ƺˡѦƽбԼܿں֮е
һͿͨں֮пͨ͸ԭ֮оȻл޽½ţŰɱɫ䵽㣺ԲбΪ֣˴ȻҵȲͬҲ˽ѣλնħɣ
֡Ѧ˶ӣȻΪúô޲̣ҲĲ̣׷׵ͷ֮ԣ
һͷһáȽָһ㣬ǽνͷһնֱӻƺȥһʹ֮£ÿһǳ۾֮ЩŰɱΪֵĻһһն𵱳
Щ·뵽ͻŰɱǵĻ޾ɱ⣬һ㶣һɢ׷׳ȥ
ֻܵǰǷ׷ͣ½вȻǲ֪ʵǻȪʵ֪ǰѰóȻȥ졣
ʱɫХһ֮дȥĽˮһ㽫Щûȥ֮ﻹаһ·ǰ
ʱ߸ʱ
һסܣͺһʱ־ͷԡǰ·ﻹ˼ƾնһ˼ݣ׷״׳˵ӳȥ
Щ˲Ȼûзͨȴ㹻ǿв£ʱܳ˺ķΧ
һһĻԵ˵ͷͬʱʹšȪĽЩȪ׳Ƭ̣µĽֻԭȻʮÿһ͸ڷĹâȻǵ˲ٺô
ʱһ˿¶ںĸɽϴһŻ𽣷˫һУǹһ˿Цһˣ
ʱһŨɽһŭд˭ȻƱĻɱ¾£߱ѪʳҪ
һ⣬ƲƲȻޱۻ֮вĻޣӽһˣˣҪͿö໨ѱ򡣡
⻰ǻŭⱬһͳһ˹һ״ϲæƽºѦƽܿһԣɢޣѻСų
Сһһ˷ܲѣǲ֪£۴вѣһǿ뿪µҪȥ
֣ѦͬСȥһǹĺ˫һУ¶һ˿ЦҲȺָһ㣬콣һһ糤նɱȥ
֮һĲҽдһͷĻޱһӹ촦飬Գһץһֱ֥ҩݣֻ֥;Ű꣬оɫ⻪ȻͬƷ
ɫ֥Ƕ䱦һϳˣһ䱦ʯĺöû뵽Ȼ汾ԴԶȥβͣΪôһͷޣһɻ
һһɸֵ˵ţžɫ֥ȴǵ֮ɫæ֮󣬱㳯ɽͷȥնɱ֮ٴηֻʮġȪųһһƬ̣㽫лɨȥͬʱȪٴ׳˼ö
ǽɽնɱ޲вĶһǸӦı仯Ҳ׷׷˳żͷԽĻޣҲһ˳նɱ
ɣǻȥɣһʶɨûаֻ޴ڣʹ˷أʱ䴫һöƾС
ףȻôһ£ҲãҪľЧֻǰˣҿʲô
һ䣬һҲƽºѦƽ˳Ծı飬̧һӣһӰֳһһһʧԭء


һ һ
Աǧﴦһ˻ɭֵڡԭ½ǰԣԴӱһȺռ֮ɭ־һƬû˸ҽȥʱл޳ɭɱ壬÷Բ֮˼
һգԭīɭһ߳ŭʱļһ֦վ𣬻糤޳ȥͬʱŨīĺڶ𣬻ֱһ
ԭȻ鶯ȲǺÿÿغϾҪʴ롣ЩȴҲ̺һ಻ǿֵ˻ܹǿղֻΪϣԱ֮ʩ
ֻˣǺ̫󣬻ǻѹľͷʱһ׵ս£һֱӽըԭһţƽɣҪѹľĺʱͬʱֳ֮еľ
룬һһӰڽ֣ϸȥɫӰ֮Ļ˿ǺɫȴһĻޡ
˿ﱻ֮һһֶȻһ㣬ͬӭƮּ̧ϬǾ۵ֱлȻռϷ
ͷҲǼ򵥽ɫԪӤĴڣȻΪֶεһ˿ѹסȴʧ׺ᣬ޼ɵĺֱײ׷Ż˿Ρ
׷ʱ򣬾ȴǶϿĳطСڵƾƯÿÿСڵ㣬һ˫ͫɵһΪ˿ȻϾڣҲвСڵɵڡ
߿ڵˣһ˻ɫĪݶһʿǺߡ
Сӣղõʲôͷ˱ؼϢ˹ѵǴ˵е춷ɣ
ĿĪһۣǼɵ֮⣬۷嶷֣Ϊһ½кŵĴڡǰﲻʶʶǴѸͽˣΣΪͽܣżĪһ֣ȻĪĸо
ĪԣЦóԷԪӤԲĸ֣Ȼʵܲ⣬ȴ֪½Ȩ֮Ҫ½£ײõԼ滨˿ﻤʱҲƾš
˼䣬ûнһƢͱ꣬ľЩһָ·Ļ˿СѾͷȻжʵǳףϷҲûмԵһͷޣٲæ׶༪١
Ī⻰̧ͷ˿һһ䡰ʦõֶλڴˡٴתͷ档
һһ㶣ȻֻǶ̶һ仰ȴоʮֵģٿһһɿߡʱ֪Ԫ˥䣬Ǿľ˿ԭƮݵĲͻȻһңȻһԼ¶ھ޴֮ǰ
һȻƢ꣬ȴǶˣĪͻ˿ϧ֮⣬ͻȻ˿Ҫ߿ڣﻹסһȼȻ棬һݣͬһȥ
ʱһɫӰǰס˲ˣԹڲĪ
ʲôѵҪɣһŭһƺʱҪֽĪײ
صģʦ׼ĪǵȻһ͸һ⻰˵һ㶣Ȼɻ󵽵ţȴûľˡ
˲䣬Ǿһſ޴ǣԳһھͽ˿ڿУ˲䣬͸оԣΪ˿ûһľͷӲζ
ϵˣ
һӿд˿ƮƮ˫ָһӡǰһϣʱԾΪģԲһ֮ڣһɹɴɫϢ
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ϢѸٻһɣϢ۳һʮ˺ϱľľӰӰоΣյϢֻҪʱŷԼͱľ̸סҪȴҪЩʱ䡣
˿Ȼ󻨷˲ǾҪӿҲԪķѣ˫͵һǾľһͬʵʵľ׮͵ĳȥ
һ죬ԲʮڵĵըĲҽûСͬʱһɳ˷ɢȥȻɭֵĺɢ˴롣
һУ˿ҲˣһҪ·ȥʱһֱĪˣһ磬˲˿ǰʶҪֽסһƽ̨˿ס
ʱһ˻ӵ洫ԺŻҳĵһ֮ϸȥȻǾεض


һ ð
˿һСľ󡯺ǱѣͬʱҲҰԸۼĪͻ˿ﶼڲԶﻹ˼ĪвУǾҪû

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׻֮󣬾ڻָǣǰĪͷӣſ³һɶҪߡ
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Īһƾߣһʱ㽫ǿڶ𣬶߷׷״𣬷׷ײھϣöھŤͼʱٴδ
һεٲһǽŵƺպյһʱ֮䣬Բ֮ڣƱɫ޹⣬ŵ鴮һһھϣ֮
ŵ׹˵һǽǲƵľһжָɭֵĻһɨա
Ǿ⻪ɢȥĪ̧һУһɫʯͷ䵽Уתͽʯͷݸ˿ʦã裬ǡľԵı㷽źķѲСʹãع˶ãܳ˰ɣ
˿ﱾӣĪһϣһлӹͬԴϢȹһ˿Ԫȥ˲һɾԪΪʩչֶζɺԵľ˲ָսҲָ֡
˿ɫָ˺ܹٴĪҲ˻ʱһǰһ
һ̫ͻأʯ֮䣬˿﷢˾ޣ˷ˣĪֱӽɱ
ŵϽɢľʬ壬ٿǰͥŲһĶˣһһĭԼܹɱͷޣҲô򵥣Īֶ֮ԶԱƵһ
ǣʲôˣ˰Σһֻôһ仰
Ī뻨˿ｻһ񣬾ʹڵʱһһ֪ʲôˣɷԼݸ֪һ£
⻪һƽ£ѦƽͬʱʹСŲ̹
ţһһһȺΧԼæһʱ͵Ϯ
²ˣҲǼѯͬеʦֵܣѯʣǸûж⣬Ȼ֣Ǹ·ҪֲɣҵҲǡ
˵䣬һȻЦݣϢȻһ䣬һ˿һϢͬʱһһвȴ㲻ǰƻֺ׹⡣
һ۾һƺ뵽ʲôɵĴڡ
һͨоԷļɵջƣǹ޵Цݵ֪¿ɷԸ֪ݣ
һüͷ΢壬ϢһĪˣ˵ʿһ롣
һϵԷݲ򵥣þȻʿõͷϲĪһ˲𷽲ŰȻƣ΢΢һЦ빰˹ֵԭǻǰǰյüʵѵãŵǰֲƺ
ҲǽϼһһȴŶԷǸ뵽ԷԼʵԼǿܵݣҲþʲô˹ֵؿ֪ڿɷ֪ˣ
һгһЦʵѵǰûҵô
һ㶣ĿһһۣŵҡҡͷܣԴһǰѨûгŴྭûаϢôܻд˳֡
һԶʱ׶ԷᣬҪģ΢΢һЦѨȻΣգʦεҪҲǲܣֻû뵽һʱ䣬ʦžȻ˼ǵãҵСҲ׹ʦͷǰ·ĥˡ
⻰üͷ΢壬һߴһһ߰ȣ⻰˭˵һĽȴʵʵĶ뵱괫˵ĽʮơЩģ£ȴûһﵽ˳̶ȣûУǽԵˮ׼
뵽˼֣ͷɻתͷĪͻ˿һۣǽʴˣͨȴҲֻͨ׶ľͨѵͬŲɣ
һҲæشⲽһ´һ˫һУǹһ˿ĪЦݵǰѵûһô


һ 붷ʿ
һһ
ǣʦͨȻ׶ľѵûлô
һţ֮иϿֶͨΣʱûϽֲ٣ɻ˼һתһ
ѵѵǵŴ󶷻ͬѨ綼ΪǾУѵǾȻû̳Щͽܣѵʲôıɣ
һԲÿɷĹһЦʦʦĴ㣬ԵɵΣȻЩӱ˿ѯʵˡ
⻰Ȼʲôû˵Լ͸˼ȴˡ½ˣжȻ࣬Ҳˣǧˣǿߣȴһֱάʮ˵ĳ̶ȣ۷嶷ʴʮˡ
һ뵽ܼ˾⶷ʲμӵıƣӱһһսҪʵŴ󶷻ʵ飬ȴԼɤۣȴôʲ
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һҲͷݣҲٶڴϷѿ࣬Яʣһ˿ϲ˵ұ˵ǱλʦųѰʿնɱޣĥֻǼȻǰӭȥˡ
˵䣬һһһӻҪȥ״Īͽæϣ˷׷׼ݹҪȥ
뱾ѹ䣬Ȼּۻۣ뵽ԭһȻ£˵߾ߣʱƻҡ
λȨæסϼһ˿ЦλҪĥɱôĵطúáĲ˵ȴǶúܣЩ꣬ö֣ҿṩ׼ȷϢء
⻰Ҫߵһʱͣתǹһ˿ЦݣȻǰʢԼҵȻȴ֮ˡ
һתô죬һ㶣ʱԼϽȻ˿˵һһΪšѳڣӣһ˵ʵݲ׷ڡ
Īһ֮ĿŵĽڿ佱һֶθ߳϶ҲֻͷЦ˵
һĴ죬һһ˺ܿصʿãûãѩҲءһ£˽һ̸̸ܻ֮У漰飬ҪһʿõĹϵ
ԶʿݣʽʿùϵݣӴȻʿãȥɲ˵ܵͬĴЩöʿԴϲ汮ܵصȵȣһҪĺܼ򵥣ǽնɱ˻ʿõ¡
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ڻЦ֮Уһ˽ӹϵƣĿǰĻϢҵĿʽԼһܵصĵͼ
ǰһ˼Ķһ˲ΪԴ֮صŷϢضʥءǱܵڵʱ򣬲һĪѩ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ܵزط汮·һȻܶջ˵ܵز֪Ƕٴ֮ǰ֣ڴٶȱȱĵطһɡֻһǻϲ֮ܶеʪƿǿܹͻƣһֱ
һǶΪֻӳ棬Ҫø˿ʹãǲŷֹ֣棬ӳǸַ
о֮иǵĸַ뵽ôһرö꣬һҲ̲סֱգ˱Լַʳԭ򣬶ֽܶѳ߿طʹá


һ ߲ټ
ν˺ð£ͨһĹϵ˹ݣһһ谭лϢΪɱ޵ָʹø汮õ˵ļӳ֣оѵıΪеĵص㣬˶Լֱ绢
̶ʱ䣬˳⣬һĪѩ˷ֱӳΣȺʮΣܹնɱԪӤĻ޶ʮͷ𵤼޲ȳɼ˶෬㣬ѡݽϣÿ֮й̵Ľ
ˣĳɼֵʿõɱĿӶʿĻõǼ¼ıҲϲĺϲ£ȻĽһնɱ֮õ౦ȴҲԾõѡȷ
ȻȻͶʿõõĺôԣĻһˡ
Ҳ˵һԼÿӶķʽõǱ˵ʮࡣĪѩˣ۵ˣڽ֮ͫע¶ܿηлֶļ󣬶˿ȻΪնɱҪһЩ˻һ֣ȴҲֳࡣ
˺бصͬʱ£̶£˽ɿ졣˿Ⱥͻƾ磬ﵽڡǻ˿ľľ䡷񹦣֮Ǳٴμͻƽ֮ʼ𵤺ڡ
һȻΪսԪӤڲãѸٵĳԪӤڣµʱ䣬ʹǳ׽ԪӤΪȹʼʽԪ򣬴ĥȻΪûʵСߡ
Ī飬ٷɣǽ鱦ͷΪ˱һ˻֮ǿһѩԾѡ

һգԭһ߲ϼ⻮ֱʿá֪ϼˣֻúÿأ֪ϼ˼ˣɫ˷ܲѣȻﲢѰ
֮УһԼ֮ЩӣʶԶͬ٭֮ʱķֶãһߴĥԪһĥͨնɱޣͨĥ£䲻ԲںһҲ˺ܶࡣ
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ʱһ˿ȵʶΧͷһռ֣֮ͻأʧԭأһ̱ſڡ
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Ǻǣû뵽ҸյͱСѷ֣Сʵо꿡ܣʵĵӣϷ
һ΢΢һЦȻе֮̽⣬ֱӻشֻ뵽Լ֮Уȡϡ
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һȻϵͷϲ֪ĸﵽЧͺãֹ̲Ҳѵʵ¾ͷڷţݸҵȺ忤߲ټټ忤ʿøֲһΧˣټ˵
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˵䣬һҲȻ뷵أֵݹһžȥֻͷһ£ӹһȻɫʮѿ㽫һ˳
Сѣ⣬ҪôණƷʯһǧöҲͰˣƷʯȻҲҪʮöиֱʯľɫ֥ۡôණǶòˣǡ
Խ˵ɫԽѿһɲǸɰ׹ˣοΡ߲ټڻͷҪԣһԵûּۻ۵˼ֻǵȡǰЩȤ
Ȩ֮£뻹ǰһ˫۾΢ĵһһۣݺݵĹ˼裬һѽȡĲҶһѳߣƺܹʧƵġ
֮ߵݹʿ÷мߵݹ˶Ǿ֮⣬ΨһˣǾǻ룬һĿȥˣҲ֪ϣʤع黹ϣǲҰܡ
֮ϣһһݵͼڲ鿴һĪɽļʦܣľǺö֮ٿʡȥʮĥĹŪġ
һ¶һ˿ЦݣֳһָĪ״ʱףһ뵽Լ˲õϢʹ汮ѹ汦νǱռͲЦѣһ˴Ĵָ
˼״Ҳ⼸һǵ汦Ϊ̵ĵӣ֡Ѧ˶һ׬ǮµľϽˮ಻˿ҲˡεߡȴĬĬԼõıѩɫӵĿһһۣǡۡ


һ߰ ȼ
ǳ֮һ˿ڶ࣬ԲϽɿԶɽ忤忤ϰسǣǧ˿ڡ
Ϊ֮һͬǻŰصڡʮһεġ޳֮ǰһδΡС޳ʱһιģĶҪ٣ȻȲġ޳Ҳøʿòͷ۲ѡ
ɿһСءСسǣһվۼǰδе컹ֻ׷׸ŹٱһķҲŶǵĶ˰ء
˵سܹȫô˵һΡС޳ʮسǶʿõĸǿǶôܴùôޣ
ٺ٣ĹªˣҽϹĴĶŮͼ޸һʿ˵ˣʿһ֣Ƕ˵ж֣һȺޣ򵥵ˣس汣׼ȫ
Ϣ̫ʱˣ̵ʱˣϢһȺָûеֵס޵Ĺ˲˻ѱأ
ʲô飬سҲȫˣȻˣ㻹ȥسǸʲô
ߣȥسȥѵͶڴɣ˵жǰնɱЩأһҲ
˵겻ѣԶԶĳţȴ
ءʿ֮Уͽ׶ʿæµ׼ǴĥǹꪣǾƽƽʹ˻Ϊʱÿ϶͸ޱȵļ㣬һĸо
ʿ֮Уһλ˶ʮˣЩƲȻǶĸֻ֣г⣬˶ٴơ
ѵˡ߲ټĸֵڻûôһϵɫȻˡ
ɫЩ԰ףˣ⻰üͷøҡҡͷһΡС޳̫ͻȻҸضͬʱǸ󿤳ǶʿõõϢһʱҲһܹϵһѣлλæ˸λ¡
⻰ҡҡͷ˵ʲô汲ʿΪʲôǶʿһôѣҵȰӦֻǿɺǾȻֵסͷޣȻǼ˰
ԣҵ϶Գһ˿ݣ׼˵οһʱ򣬺һŽǴ洫
ãҵسǵλãǰˣ
һİڳභ׷վһ˱оͳȥյ棬һѶ֮˱Ѹٸ֪ǰǻԽԽϢɫȥ
߰ɣӭУ
û˵ʲôĵĻ³ĸֱᵶȥʿ״񣬲ʵߵͣ׷׸ϣ顣
һȻ٣һܷɶݣٶȲ⣬úγѹ֮ơ⻹ǧվʧ룬һųڱȥ
һȺôˣȻһһθࡣ
ļ٣ʱ˿ȴûʲôð취׼ƴʱ򣬺һϬХԶ
һȺ֮д쿴ʲôѵǶʿɣȻҶѵҪ˲ɣ
ȥȻһԼֱӳȥ
ѵǶǿ߲ɣԣôޣǶǿ߿¶ֵסϲɫһֶţһ̣һ˵ĳȼϣ
ֻǳ糯ȥʱ򣬱ͷǿ޳𣬳ӭȥǺƺٵ޽Ӵ˲䣬⻪ӳ֮зɳһͷڵĻ˲ͣһ̾ȻͬʱгƬ·׹ȥ
һնɱͷ׶ĻޣѾƼѹȫǳ֮еƺδվɳڵĺһͷ˽ȥϧѵʱǿǵصĺȻѿѷ֮УһϢֳڽ֮±һƬ
ڽľͷһһͷʮɣڵľܾ˫צȻǽס
һͷܻҳҰƤ
һߴӾ޴֮д޴˲һ߳һС⽫һӣ˲䣬Х֮ɱ˹ȥ
һͷԪӤޣǿͬ塣ֻȻǿǿӣȴǻɾǻ۶Եͨ͸˵ȼɣһ㱻ǱѣƤⱬֻ˿֮¶ĲѪһɹǵĻȪ


һ߾ Ϊӣɱ
ЩޱǻᣬѪǻȪľҲۻԪӤȼһѪҪַԲʮۻһУʮ
ʶƽ½ĶʿǶԸޣʹֻƾǿĶӲնɱɢȥ
˾Ȼһ־˻ޣȻ羴Ҳôɱȥ·Բ֮ؾҲֻܳΪճǺǡ
鸴ӣսʤޣֲǳȾʱۼĶʿָһһķ򾪺쿴ʲôЩȻܹۻ࣡
⻰̧ۿȥȻֻ֮ôһȺ۵ڽںܻ޵ԣһɨӣͽܻ˿Ļʧ
ⲻЩɻǰǶʿϵߺ˿ڡ
Ȼۼ˷׷ϢȥСЩ󣬻ȷʵʧˣʧ֮⣬ܻޱĨȥĵطȻɱȥƺ֭ˮĹһ
״˾ֶ̾ΣôôǿֶΣȻܹɻǻ޵Ŀô
ԣȻûбʾʲô𾪵ı飬ȻͷҲ˿
˵𾪣Ǻܻ޸оڵĻͬˮһѸٵţͷͲ𾪶ֿݣֱǾˡ
ܻŭһеأ㵽ʲôˣȻܹƱܵĻ
ӭźܻ޵ŭ̧ͷݲһ˭ˡǵˡ߲ټǰɿԮʱɿѾ롮С޳Ļ֮СһӼ鴫æɿʿöɿ
ʿùϵݣһܹõ޵Ϣѡ֮󣬸ѡΪʵǰȥһѡһֱûԮȴϴߴء
һĿ˺ܻһۣǹһ˿ǳǳЦǰɵˣȻÿ־壬죬ƶа̰ıԣɱôˣ񲻹һֳܵôҲ˰գ
ܻͷԲȴԼһͱˣʱͷҲ˲ʲôһһ˫ƴ֮ƾͳѹ
һ״ܣһغһ˫ָָϣֱָܻһ㣬һһ϶Ϊһ˲侹ȻдشƵĸоХɳꡯһƺܻ޵ţض
ء
ܻһҽУŵĿϾȻһȭͷĿŨĻͬȪˮһվɱɫ͵ȥʮɵҲή˼֡
һۿһУǾḻһвͷһ׷ӿ֡
Ȼ⽣ϴҵɷ˵֮УɷǧǰһλʦһǵλʦԪԣһλնħµĽޣֻǶɽʧ伣ľôԣûһûּ뽣ϼֱһޣ˵ѵϱԪʦ桭֣ɷʮɷʮһһ˽Ҳֻһ˽һȴ֣һ˽֮Уȴܹнɷ֮ãѵǴ˵д˽ľ衭ˣѹЩ꽣ƴˣѵлЩʲôıƲɡ
ԭЩӣΪһĽԽӾڵеĸ£ܽÿһ׽׷ݳΪϴڣһͨĽ֮⣬ȻУֻȵķ֣Ȼɷһ޶
õĽۣһ㽫ԼõһóɷõһмֱǸ룬ݵļȴֶ֮ĹϵѪ֮䲻ɷָ
ŶԸܻ޵ʱϰֶοԽնɱһȴһһʹȻشƣоһ˿Ҳһ˼ͷ÷׷ɡ
뵽ʮһεĴ٣뵽˵뵽Լһ·飬оؾһ̴֣ԼʮССӶ㲻ϣֻµӣͷ׷ңȻһ˿߻ħļ
ʱһд̶ɷӭһתݵͷͻһͣͣתһ˫ƾҪɱǰ
оΣٽһͷ˲򿪣ϲЦһãõúܣʲôƣʲôӣұңĶУԶΪɱ񣬷ɱ𡣡


һʮ ǿĽ٣޳
֮ʵΪУȡ֮رؽֽ֮Ϊ٣֮Ϊ˽٣߻ħΪĽ٣˿Ϊ١
ޱȣǶɹһƬ̹;ǶɲΪͣͲǰ纫㣬ΪͣͲǰٶΪͻͽˡ
һϹ֮ΪѸ٣첻ʶÿÿƹرٽ£Ϊͽ䡣Ϲ֮֮أֻٱˣ˽٣Ľ٣١ҲϹʱʢı֮⡣
ʱԵɺ֮£һ˼ңӦ߻ħĽ١һ࿼飬һ˼ͬ޳޹ַͬն
ʶԺܻ޵ͻϮоΣٽɱ֮Ӧ˲նһ˳Ͷɽٶ
оͷǰδеĴͨԪתްɬ֮ͨͫһأһʱ׷ԼȻȹһν
뵽֣¾Ҫͷ֮£һ㲻ͷһ¶һ˫ƳԼϺŨ

ͺһһ˫򽣷׷׻صУһ»ǽԭʵʵ˫һĽ٣˫֮иһ˿ɱ֮⣬˽ޡɱ˫ݣڽϸһ
򽣹һɱ
һ˫ͷ˲䣬һһӣ˲ûǽУһʵĽն˳գۼ㴩ܻ˫ۣնǺȥˡ
ܻûеһһҲһĵ˵һǰһ̣Ȼͻأͣ
ءܡ
ܻ˫ţת־Ķǰһ
ߣһͷްˣٵαػ
˵䣬һһ֣һ紵𣬾ͼúӴԳһѷ죬һֱֱ󣬶ܲڿ紵£һ׷׵䣬һŻȪٴαǽǡȪȥ
طΣһ̧һץܻ޲֮еıץⶫУҲòϣͱСˡ
仰һѻһдСų˳һǡطΡϲɴȥ
һ״Ц̰ԹⶫԪ̫ҪڸҴ֣Щණȫɣ
С⻰ɴڵĽ̫ų߽׻ͳ֮гȥʼЩͼɱ
һŶȹһĽ٣ЩҪúò򣬲ȴûɱЩͼޡСȻȴҲѹȫ˿سϣնˣȵ߲ټ˻նɱ޸ʱ
Щ˱һնɱܻ޵ֶθס˳֣һһȣ׷׻عñնƬĺԼ澪ʧĻޣﻹ֪ʱһ׷׼Ԧȥ
ڶʿɱ֮£ԭɥ˵ŵڻǶ֣Сôһ̫СһлޱɱɢĻȪɣʹûȪٴݻϰٵҲһ֡
սڶʿʤϲ֮Ҳһһʱٵ˻ʿùϵƺֱ˱ңˣҪһ䷿֮أҲ˵ʲôҪˡС޳Ϣ֮ƮȻȥ
˺һڰ֮ڣߴС޳֮أ崦Σʱ̱һϡʩչֶΣնɱڵʹñȵǧлмѡ
崦⣬ȴһϵ֮ʱǳѾ޹ƣȻжʿöʿ֣˴󲿷ˣвΪ˻޿Ѫ⡣
˵½ǺԼͬͬò˱޲ɱɣһͷɲֶʩչл޽ɱֻǳ˿ճǵǳȴǻָˡ
С޳ʼһΪң˴ǳصĶʿǿ£һЩСسǵĶʿö⵽˽ѣڡ߲ټãԼڶභʿЭ֮£ƣ˫ƽ
ҵһʱӿ˲ٴûŵǿĶʿҫ۵ģȻǱΪšһˣ⻹СѪսʥȵ֡
ɵһ񣬻صʿãЩź¼ʱһǹһ˿ǳǳЦݣ̲סˡ


һһ ٴѹΣͬ
߲ټʱ䣬ÿ񶼿Էաһطʿõʱ˶ûзأ׼̵ֱʱȴץס
һһûаڰǰļӣ϶ĵЦݣһһСڻˣɷϷ
ͻأʾãһһ񺮣˼֮󣬲׵ô¡
ԭһ棬šǣ֣Ԯʮ޳Σնɱ޶ʮͷԼ
ȻǵĿֻɱֵñˣ˳Ǯ֣ûнϣȵİպͶʿΪ¼۵޸ȥ
޸Ȼ֪һ˵˭šϡݵǣһйȻҪʿá
ԭͷ˼µʿã룬һڶͬǰٴδӡ
õ޸䷢ؼνԼǳһѹĽʱһ֮ǰεߡƵΪҲȻˡﻹ˵һһЩȻɱһЩޣõĽࡣ
ֻǾһǿѹεĻȴҽԼ˵ֶ˿һмƨζ
һԹɫתֶͨΣ׾Ͱ˻˼ͷЦ˳ƿ޻ǰˣ»ǰ쵼зǰȰ˵ҵܹⷬɼûиʦ£һҪʦ𣬺úøлǰ
뱾͸ˣ⻰ʱϲȻһֱһЩ̫ţпܱʸָлҲѵõҫ˵õʱöʸָһ䣬ԼҲͻҲΪǾڡ
ʱһΪѵƺƾ޾ݣʱʦ𣬲֪᲻Ტţ˷ǳҵ̰Ľ٣ǾͲˡ
æСѲصģ޸µļν㿴
˵ţһĨӿռ䱦֮óһöݸһһǹЦ⣬˹ϸһ飬ĵ˵ͷ˵ʲôһ
СѣôˣѵʲôԾô³æʵ
ûУֻм鲻ףǰָ̣
Ŷʲô飬˵ǣϷһ֪޲޲
ˣҾһ»ǰν˵䱦ον֮⡯ʲô˼
뱾²⻰ʱס˿һٿ˿еļνͷڣһ˿ңСѣ䱦ʲôģʵ޸ΪӰˣһᣬвҪǡ
һͷЦѣȴһȻŭԭˣû뵽޸ȻģҵʦֵƴƴȻһͷƭһ£ãããȻˣұ㽫λʦֵܣʦʦöл⡮߲ټҲգ
һ㶣׹ζòæҸڣ˵޸ıողŵԼ¸ˡ
һҲٶɫҪ뱦⣬豦鿴һ飬ѡԼĪһʺԼʹõıڻ뼸Ҫɱ˵֮ȥһҵıӰжҪð૵ε߰
˺ʱ䣬Ī½طһ¸ǿȵɱ޻䲻˵Ϊж˿νǸáһ˽ѹԻıȥʱٴôһϲѡ֡Ѧ˺޲һΪʦѹεľС
µҴҹȥӵ߲ټĸ漱飬뼸ҧгݵĴߴһ·
һһõǰȥΪƫԶ忤ɱΧǳصĻޡһһ·ȥʱ򣬱һȦǳأԲǧΧסͨһƬײеĻ޳ǰ
𵤼ҲͰˣٶҲǱնɱϣú֮оȻʮͷԪӤޣҲһһսǿҲϽԴ֮غĵһսˡ
׼ʱһһǳ֮зֱһһ߷ɻһߴ
˿ɵϣһڳϺѽһ˵
һڣһ˴֮⣬Է֮£ʦһ˴һо֮и֡
һ̤ͣնɱ޵׼Ժ֮зɿܳһڵϢԶԶˣԴ֮غ󣬳ͬ⣬һμˡ


һ˶ 
ߺ׷ͯգһۣƮƮɵˡǰ˲ſһòǳһչЦյҵǺηѣԭڵϣϴյüȻ꿡壬˵ã˵á
νΪȣһ㶼Ϊͣһ仰һ꿡壬˼Ҫǰݣһ꿡壬ƺֻڳϵݣΪʵƺ
һ˼ϸ壬Ȼһζ˳ҲԷԪӤΪһԪʮ־֣ȻǴ˲ٷ￴ոսԪӤҲ
һ׼ΪԼƽʲôֻǵһЦ˵ѹˣ֪γƺ
áѡֹ֣һ˿ϲƺɵһݣûбʾǹһЦ˵ǣϷûҽܣһϣʯ̵ıˡ
һȻˣƽȴҲȱϢԺ֮˲佫ԷݻǺһЦԭǻʯ̣ƵѣһһɳԪӤ֣бǻƵΪȻɼɣĳ
ʯɼҴ磬ԴΪһޣʱͷһϲһɨǰ죬æϹˣͻԪӤΪ;ɵ֮ηη
໥䣬ſʼ˵£һ΢΢һЦ֪ƵΪڴˣѵҲǼ˶ʿãμһ߲ټɣ
ʯ̼һἰ߲ټԼ˼²Ūǰûʲôڲصģ˵ͷ½ԵĲͬ汮ʶ̽飬жʿÿ汮ǲòСһΡС޳ҵʿֵĺûᣬֻû뵽˴޳̫ͣȻʮͷԪӤޣȻ˺üλͬסһǳأҪȴʮΪѣǰ֪ǷԮ
˵䣬ʯһƮȥôҲûп˸㲻ɻĿһ
һ״׻ʯ̵˼֮ǰĪ˷ֻֿһﻹʲôԮֻҡͷƵѼ£һҲһǰֻû뵽˴޳ûҵԮ
⻰ʯԴʧ̾һҲö˵ʲôһһۣ¶һʤ޵ı飬ſһȥ
һȻҪһ̶Ѩ˴ʿ֣Ҳ֣Լսʱ˼˱ˣǳ˴⣬ʯ̽ǣȽж١
ʵǿȻ˵ڻޣʱԸЩ֪ĵͽ׻ȴǰⶼûСʯ̴һس֮ءĳǳС
ǳ֮Уаռö沽׷׻ѣΪ֪Щȥ˱Լľǡ
ʯϲɼҾ󣬶ЩðһǷð壬Ϊ٣ˣϷþǡϲ룬ҽ붷ʿڵ¡
һȻʯûݽĵزֻȻҲʾĵ˵ͷŻʯ̳ʿöȥ
ʿУڶභʿ˻ʯ̺һ׷񣬻ʯڴ˵ȻͣЩʿɲɫһֱá
ôʱѾˣһ˽𵶴ף˻ʯͬһüͷ΢壬ͷ㲻ȥҰôһԪӤڵСӡ
ʯԹһЦԳοǿ۰λɲѰԪӤڣڵһϣͳԪӤĴڣӰ
һݣڳϵţԳҲ΢΢ԾΪǰˣԪӤڵĸ֣˵ӵĻ񲻺תڣֻǵ˵ͷԱŵƮڣǧ
ǧԱ񣬻ʯһ˿Ц⣬˶һܣ˷ֱŵڵīӡ
ҲԪӤڵΪȻʯ̺ǧȴҲԪӤеĸ֣֪һڳ֮Ҳ׵໥ƳһԵǢ
һ̸һ˵ǰԭǰʯ̻б˴سƱһԤĸӣ˳Ļ⣬ǳ֮лҲˣǿסǳأûб޶ȥ
һ½һһػǳصһû뵽Ȼһ˴֮УΪ༸ħŵĳϡ


һ 
Щǳ汮ĴڣҲ̽鲻״Һǰûж֣ħŸֿţȻҲܹѣվҪЩСֻĶػԼҳǳػ˵ùȥû뵽ħžȻҲϳ֣ܹȾ磬Ҳûһɵӣ֪˵ҪԶԶɱ¾һ˿ڣͼħܹġ
һȵʱ׵ǧһСѾЩͣɤһᣬҵڴа£մȥǼȴԮ֪ҪѶʱաϾȻֻǰֶΣ֪ɷͽһ
ԣһ׶ԷһΪԼϾУԼΪԪӤڸֶ첻飬ԼôһԪӤڵ꿡а취һȻȴҲ뷨
ǫѷ΢΢һЦԳϹˣĳʱֻΪˡ߲ټ֮ʱŷȴǳ֮⡣λ֣ҲֻסһƬǳأҪͻΧޣºѡĳЩ뷨֪˵˵
һһѿ˭֪˵а취ǧɫ΢΢ѿȴ÷ֻܹȤŶ֪ʲô취벻Ҳ˵ɣ
һ˵ͷˣĳˡλ˵˴λ޹ǣģ֮ǼΪġĳ룬谭ǻޣǡҲЭ˲ɻɣ׳ȫܹ˵Է˺һжӭжˡ
⻰ֹǧǻʯüͷҡҡͷϴȻֻЩҲͰˣ䲻ͬȴҲΪ񣬵һȺħˣħԹ±˵֣ǾˮˮЩѰɣ
ǧͲˬһһʱͷʾͬ⣬ϱϾᣬ뷨ȻȴôףֻٵһȣȴԮǰɣ
λԣҲ׷׵ͷǡǧһڴﵽѹһĿģͷҲʮˬ죬ûа㱻Χĸо
һ״ҡҡͷзһЦλѿ̫ˣʵĳʱһ·ϱ˵ٹģ˵ǸƵûĶͶնɱͬвˡز˵λҲ֪ô˰ɡаţһ˴ɸѾʼ½֮УֵС޳֮ʣᱦ˵ĴʱڴˣȴԮȫǰȫˣֻǵԮǰ£Ǻǡ
¡Ļû˵ڳ˾һβ֪һ˵ʲôʵԴ֮ؾһܣԼͣͲǰ˱׳ȥӶıˣʱԿĻԼ
뵽ɫѿ˼֣Ȼǻһѡ񣬾ȥȥնɱޣǽˡ߲ټΥ񣬽ҪӶʿõõϢ¾ˡ
⻰Ҳֻǲ֪кŵڿڵ
ʵ취ܼ򵥣Ǿѹһ˵
ѹѵ˼ѹħţʯüͷ΢壬ƺ½ҲЩ𣬵ûжħǰʹ
֮еĶҲԪӤʵÿϣһħţʱʹȥǳԸޣ˳ˡһ΢΢һЦ˵ţ·ա
ݵֶΣϷ׷׳Ƭ֮󣬵һֻĬīӵһͷƶͬϵ˵ʱش֮ʣνʱҴٶ໹Ҫз֪Դ
īӵ˵Ĳشٽ죬ҵȻԵҲѵãǲúðգһ񲻿ϧҲͷ
֮˱̬ʯ̺ǧȻЩҲػһ˵ʯ̲Ϻ꣬˳ˮ۵ȻˣҿȥһԣǳɹȻǺãǲɹǾֻѰˡ
ʯ̷˼ܹ̯ƳȥȻǺãҲ壬һһ佱һʲôΪʲôһ֮࣬ЩϼһȻƻȴﶮÿˣֻ仰ȥȥ˵˼顣
һľЦȴ˵ƣֻǵͷӦֱ֮Ӽ˽㳯һǳطȥҪǵ˲䣬ǳߺһһݹ⣬ɼб֮Ҫ
ӣҪħţ⣬ɣһЦǺڹ֮зųһʮɴСħצһֱѹ


һ ħ
ħóһɵԼֻǱٹʱĺħĳͬħצħͷƺǿ֣ȴ統צóԾ
ʱǨˣ
һ΢΢һЦ㲻ֻͣһ㣬֮зֻٵһֱɱȥֻһ棬ǿƲСħצɸһ̶ըɢ
ޣ
Ǻڹ֮еĺħ΢΢ԾƺһֻԪӤΪԲ£ХһּħѪɫħƳһƹ
Ըħ֢ҩֶȻǷŶ˵ǽɣһײʹóõжԷŹзƣóв־裬Լ֮Уʱʱ
һʮľӨϣ΢΢һһӻХ֮һɹɽֱӳѪɫħƺȥ
ײһ𣬱һХħ£Ƭ̺󣬶ͬʱֻǶײڣش꣬һ
һһһʹãǽ˵͢ġ񽣡롮ɣ֮ȴԭķ飬пһɽĸ֡
ħͷвýǶһһּɵһħӣʱ֣ʱ
ҹ֮ħͷͬԱƺʮֵ⣬¸һЦӣһëͷСӶԸˣ㻹񣬿㿴
˵䣬ҹǻɫзɳÿһҹ⻯һħһʱ֮һƬڣ֮ǿɫݹ֡
һȻԷֶΣΣѾЩͣǵصĹħһҲսһ͵ĳħĻײȥ
СӷˣȻôܣ
ǻҹ֮лħӱĽһͷڶħ֮УǺ⣬ҪֶΣȴʧȥĿ꣬ʶ̽ȥŷԼųĹħĻȻײһ
ͬʱǳǳһһλѣĳмһô˽ᣬҶλдд裡
ߣûšס
ɫݹ֮дŭһҪ׷ȥȴɫݹסԳһһ
ǰڵĳǳأСҪԸǣôȥֿô»ħһȰ˵ţһ߿ǳɫҲÿ
ȻҲ״ԵɣƢϰݣߵѵȥȻһԸǲɣ
ħҡҡͷȴûа취ҵ֮ˣ͸Щңħ֮һЩСӣ˼ַʢѪԶ磬㶯˼̲סֲ˵֡ħѾЩԹ϶лŰҪԸľǣԡ
һݺݵһڵЩ籾ԴͷˣǸҸħԣɱħĲϡ
ħ⻰ҲͷƺЩ⶯һ뵽ԾͲҡҡͷħͷ¼ݻԼڵĳǳرȥ
ȴ˵һħͷһ˶ԷֶΣһ̾Ѿ붷ĳǳ֮С
ǳȻʵħȴһǳػͰһ㣬ȫǶʿһ䶼оһЩѪĸо
ҵ֮˲ЩȴΪ⣬λıȻͬ
ʱֱһͣǰֳΪһ˰׷ȻǵĽնˣСȻǽնĺ󱲡
ǵѣΪζ֪ݹҵȳ顣ɫȻһ˿˿͸Ȼĸ֡
ȻΧ֮ʣҼȻǰȻѷǵУǷҪ֣ѱƳɵˣǾͲ˵ˣһ֪Ƕ羴֣ԽǿӲԽϲ֮Ὣ㵱۸
Ȼǽնǵϲ΢΢ͷֻһ궷ɫѿŭһ󵨣˸ʦ˵ŭһһնһ͸ĺʮɱֱɱһ
նԼסͷ̾һȴҲ׼ҲҪ˻ῴһһֶΣǷ㹻̸ıǮ
һȻֶߣ궷Ƕڣ൱ľ硣ֻʿֶαͱȶʿӾٱһһȻ˿壬ָһնڱϣĽǱһΪ


һ ݱ¶˳
ͷµţ
ն۷嶷һ۾Ϳһֶηͬ죬ȻҲɽȴǺܿ뵽һ½ݵ
һԣͷݸ½Ȼ⡮šͷã˵ͷ֮һ֪ǰγƺ
궷˱ͷ߷ߣԼʦ˵æߣ˵ŵˣкƾ֤
նԼӵıΪҡҡͷȴ˵ʲôֻһҪó֤
һƣкѣһ΢΢һЦһֽ˳
նӵУҲֻһ󣬱һŻȻһŻڽնУȴǱöסյֺ
˴ֲڵĶҲõϸĳ̶ȣһҲ̾һ䣺ֶΣ
նлϨ𣬰׻һ˵ͷǻͷֶΣȷʵšһΪͷһֱڴţû뵽һȻңн㣬֪ͷûи˵
ԭǰǺ㣡һЩҲЩΣ½ϹŽ˵϶һ飬һֱ֪ԷǶ֮еĸ֣ʵǿһ벢Ʊ˫
ԣϵȻֳͬڻĳǸϷû뵽ڴ˴ȴʮѵãֻû뵽ǣžȻ½֮ˣ֮ˣȴϧ
һüͷһЦȻǻ棬ĳȷʵ½֮ˣҵⲢ½ΪУ½ޡ
ĵӼһҴǵȻͷûŭָ˵úЩװһȱףȴɱ½ƽգҿҲһ֮ѣʲôţҿһȺħҽǡ
ƺԼӵıѾʧˣû˵꣬һ¸סڣ
һ˶ֶΣʱºһһ׷׼ڲ˵ΨһһƽĿһС
СѼЦˣ
޷ҵ֮ȷʵôһȺˣΪˣ½ҲԲģֻĳǲͬ
֮ͬˣȴвͬǳУһˣֲϷǾðЩеġСǰ̣ҵʿһΣ
Ȼˣһ˵ͷֱӳʿ÷ȥ
һĻĵ˵ͷͷ˿Լҵӣ̾һҲȥǽ¼״ɫǵͨ죬ݺݵĿһһۣҲȥ
ʿλһλ궷ߡȽ£һҲĨǣֱӽ˵˸ҳ˵ףһཫŵĿڲ쾫£˽¶ɼ⣬һλׯʤĶ¶⶯֮ɫ
һ˵꣬Ƭ̣С˵ֻ㣬ѵƾտڰ׻ɣ
һԹһЦҲԲңؽҲˣȻĿǰ½ޣݱϾͬ²Ϊߣֻλ¾߲˰ɣ
һ仰ͬ彫ǿ߶˼Ƭ֮󣬽İˣұ㣬˴κǳɹҽǷһ飬ǲɹ˵ǱԣߣֻҪһţ˶Բܣһնɱ㡣
˵䣬һɭȻ͸˲ʿö˱˪
һ֪ǽʾ;棬һ׼ڣԷɫ˿䣬Цŵ˵ͷԵˡ
һ˿壬ͷ̾Ƶã粻˳٣Сٴǰȥ˰ɣ

Ƭ֮󣬱ӳзƬ֮ǧڳǳءһĴ֮£˫Ȼ̸òʮ죬ҸԻвͬĿģҲ׺һ;õֶΡ
ȰڵļƲ֮󣬽˳ɹҪսħŸռĳǳرȥ
ħռǳصĸҲˣԶԶݹɹǳԾħ˱׺ᣬҲûô˼ɣǴ򲻹ܣŷ׷ӭ
ʱʮԪӤڳǳϿ̸Сһǹལ֮ħλڴӦֻΪ˷ֹħԼΪ壬˫Ŵ˺


һ Ȫֶ
һգسǱСΧĵڶʮգԭزǳؾȻͬһʱ佫Ŵ󿪣һʿɴܶ׷׳Χǳصĺɱȥ
ڶʿɱ֮׶һʼͽ֮еĻ޾ԭݷĻ޷׷׿ӻ˳һҲӭ
ʱǳϿգмڵţħˣӽ£Լһһˡ
ʦǿְɣͼʿͲܶԸЩޣɫЩ
㱾ԼӼҲʮͳɾͶҲΪٵ־࣬Ȳ㣬˵˶ٴζûиı䡣νɱޱҪĥӡû뵽ʱ㼱꣬ɵýͷЩζ
ߣȻȴûӡûҲͰˣҪڹؼʱûУǾͺãһħųɷһЦ
˵ʲô±Ƣ𱬣⻰ŭŭһҪɷӳ֡
ס֣ӲôɷӵĻҲЩʱʽȴΣ½İգĳǸȻʱƻ˵һ»סͬʱҲԼϢų
Ƕ۷ǿߣȻʵѷԪӤԲʿ֮ǿϢֻŨȴҲһӱ㽫ֻԪӤڵɷӸס滹еЦĻҲ˵
·ʼ޳ɱһĶʿüͷ΢壬λϷѾǶʿͬʱԾޣͽ׶ʿϾʵޡ֪λֶ֪зܹһ
⻰ǱħϣһԿֵɵˣʱ򶼱һδŵӡ״üͷ΢壬ͷЩ˼ͷĿתڿһϡ
һ˵Ĳ߻ˣ֪Լǲˡ˼һתʱһ彪˵ͷ̤սϿա
Ԫֹ⣬ֻ򽣣
ʮֲϸһĽ˳һָ֮¾ȻһΪΪġֻ

һָÿһɿգۼ㻯Ө͸ĳ
ڶʿӽ
һһȣ׹䣬ɵʿͷϵʱٶ͵һͣƫеǰ
ЩʿƽﶼͶǵĻɢþӨǰȻԾȴʹá
һ״ԵɣʶˮĻնȥֻƤ׸֮ǻ޼ӲǾȻն飬صǣЩ˿ڲĻɢǻˮУһ˿
жʿһĻ˲÷𳤽޶Ȼˮޱȣɱ˻޸ɢһ¸˶ع׷װǰˮնɱȥ
ˮİڶʿ绢ԭЩƣ񲻵ƽռЩϷ磬һЩмΪḻս飬ֻǿûֶκͰ취ˮնɱͬвˡ
һص֮У彪㹰˹ֵҲ֪ɷ⣿
æʵҲ뿴ֶΣûʲôܹŤתս֡һһȴŤתս֣ȻֶԲֺ̫룬ϸںͿȴȲѡ
æһ뵽һСѹȻ˵ãϷлˣֻϷһ֮룬СѴӦ
һ״ͷʵѾ˶˵ͷ˵ǣܹĳ
ɫЩΣ˰βŵ˵ͻ֪Сѿɷ񽫸ղЩˮɷңڵޣ
һڽһߵʱ뵽ˣȻ˵Ϲ⼷һ˿ΪѵЦݣ֪˷ĳֶΣ衣
ԣԳһ˿ɥһƺвĵӣ̾һˣˣȻˮܽ㣬һ׽Ƕ෬ע뵶֮УҲܹɻܹݻ
⻰ʱһϲɻɢֶҪæߴһѧʹ÷ȵȣлһö̫󣬿µҪֵܡȡһгٵȨ
һħ߳϶ЩֹһͲֶΣ˿ߡһƵġȪ㲻ãǺڴ


һ ӽն
һХŨڻ֮дÿһХһñ˳ԭޱȵڶභʿ׷϶䣬ʹѡ
üһڳˣɡħʿԺ֮ͬʱͷ
ݵò񣡡ɫһŭһһ󺮷統չ𣬻賯ӭȥ͵һײʱЩХ⿪
һȻǰ㾫ɣȴϴ׾ԭԶʿʮֱĵħһ뷨ıһ㡣
ƺͬȼֵԭѹ󲻳ĶڶֻһӴӰӺ֮лζһȻʮͷǿޡ
ΪʿĽѳ֣¶ǿֶΣڳ֣ħרǰ׷׽񣬼ݹ㳯˹ȥ
뷨˲ֻͬҪǹȻնɱޣͷǸˣһ˹ֵһǳɹȻС칦
һҲƴǣ΢΢һЦ˾Ԥףж쿪ʤѾʼˣҲְɣ
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ˬһЦųһ˪һâҲͶս֮ȥˡĽİһһۣҲȥһ״·ϣһݣҲͶ֮С
ȴ˵ս֮У֪Ϊڵıˣ¶ԼֶΣħ֣ÿ˶ͷͬޣֻʣͷһѡ
һҲޣѡһͷԳĻ޾Ͷ£ǾԳ޺ܿͱһһߡԳ޾Ҳ׷һһͣͷһϲҲ˲Ƿʲôıƣһ˫ȭһ
һѾΣЩȪԳ޵ͷҲ˿壬ȭܿȥ˲ڻȭһ㡣
Գ޼ֻһܴһͷϧַ߷߲ѣ˫ȭͬ糵һ㣬
һǺεݿ˫Ƕ£ͥŲ֮ͽ޵Ĺ˹ȥֻͷԳ۴вѡ
һһǧһԳʱǾԳƺڻعһȭ֮󣬾ȻͻأĿһſ͵һ磬һâɱ
ѧ˸飬Ѿˣȥɣ
һһƿɣָһ㣬ǿѵľԳҭס͵ֹס
Ȫ࣡
һֻһڵĽӾԳ޵ĺ˳ϵһӾԳ޵ܳ಻٣պһǧһԳ޻һ㡣
Щһü϶ڵġȪȪǻȪɽ˵ǻ޵Уڣܷ񽣷ɻɽͣ˵һסޡ
ɣ
һ¶һ˿ЦݣһУǧһ˲䣬ͽǻ޻һ룬»Уÿһ˸ڵĹâƺ̾Ҫֻɸལ
ڷֻһһʱнץ͵һ飬һڴϢֱץһͷޡ
ǾԳ޲ǻᣬʮǿһһȻûһɡȪг˱Ű
ȫʢʱһ˿壬˵ڡһһЦһƿգԳ޳ɱȥȪͬһһ㣬ÿÿֱӻϴһɻ
йԳήϢ䵽𵤼һʱȻڲ֣һЦ䣬׽Գնɱǵı
һֶοƻޣǶһͷȻû¶߾ֶΣȴҲ֮սġ
˻ɱȴûаֵ˼һЦС𻽳һͬЩͽ׻նɱȥ
һСļ룬ԭ·Ļ޸Ǳɽһֽȥ֮޾˽˻Ȫ֮ССͷѻŸۡ
СһԴ֮أһڶ౦确طΡȼı֪˶٣ȻûһһۼҲﵽ̶߳ȣҲûĵ
СʣɧòУһЦ䣬ûСһɴֱȥ
һ״ҲԼһɱһ۲ħϵֶΡǲΪֶҲȴǲͷͬԴ֮صˮƽһƽϡ


һ˰ ħ
սϣϴһʤһļ룬ͽ׻޸һޱնɱǵأΧǵĻɵõһ֡
طڽʤǺµӽ¾Եó˲١ȻҲţȴֻжڵΪԣҲպܹ൱
ϻͼ֮˵ûܽ˵ƽѹסһֱžҪһһȣȴû뵽һȻһնɱʱͷ־ŭ
֮£ʩչ߼ҪնޡЩƽҲʮʮ˵սϡνƽʱһߣսСһʧʱͱǻ޷̣ռϷ硣
ý¿֧β֪Լӵ˼ͷ̾ϢҪҪֵİһʱ򣬺һӲ洫һǵ̵ĳ޳˹
ⳤ޲ǱģһͷһĻޡͷޱǱһħųϰû뵽ʱȻѳӪɱ򺮱㡣
æֵƾһĶֱӽ޵Ĵִ˻ȥתͷȥǺ⡣ΪģֻΪλһ㬵Ŀ˿תͷȥǴûлһ㣬ԹԵɱʣͷȥˡ
Ȼ䲻ЩԪӤˣĺħȴǲ٣˼ǸȻ׶ԷĿģȴҲ֪ЩħŵļһﲢɿֻǴʱܷҲֻתȫͷ޶ֻԼڳٽԼҵӡ
Ȼ룬ЩħȻ֣ôûкСƬ̣һͷޱ˳ͽɱ˹
¶ԸһͷѾһͷ޳ɫɷס״ŭһΪ۷ֵĵóһֺͷ޳ɱһ𣬾Ȼһƽ֡
һĻڳڶ೤϶΢΢ԾͷѾﵽǵޣӿľԼԼ˿ܵһλĸ֣ħżλϵ׺ݣҧҧͽһͷҲ˹
ۿŵͷޱ޵ۿҪѡֻǿҪֵͷͬޣҲҪǲֵԼĵӾǱɡ
ľȣħλͷϲҪ±ǿһƤǿ׳Ĳˣɽʬ֮ķͬӵ˫սһʯ񣬽ȻɿܽʬĲƸڶɱʮͷޡ
ħţɵϣʯ̣ǧԼīӶѡԹۡǶͷԸԼѾЩӦӲϾʱٰｪ㣬ԼҲ
ҪĻǴûн½벻ǲûйϵõǽܹħųϽޣպ˫Լ˲źô
ǧһ˶ΪҪ¶ӵʱ򣬽һǰδеĺ˪ŭһԭݵ͵ǴһǸ˶Ҫһλ״ꡣ
ǧ
˲䱬ȫ֮أԼЩԽһڣҲǶʾĸоڳ˳ԾԾȴ֪ⲻٳͻƣʹһԲеֶΣʱսһȥ˥塣
ΣʱĺȷʵʵͶ֮ž޴ƣ˫һϣֱͷ޶ҵʮɣЩƤ񣬿µҪˣҲ˲ơ
ûͷ޻æٳֶΣɱУиȥЩʮַһȥˮһܹиƤ⣬Ȼջȴܹס
ۼŽ㱬Ҫѻ޸ɱħλϿɾЩټˡ໥֮䴫ͷܿͶ¼ƲħųϷ׷״Ի޳ڵķϹ
һĻɵӶ֪ҪʲôɵڣֻȡɱԼǰĻޣˡ
״ҧгݣҪץʱǹ֮ǰնɱͷޣ¶Ҫƿڴ
ۼħŻԽµĻ޻û͸ͬʱϢ䣬һͷĸоͬʱӿϽ㣬ʦͽͷ
ǣһͻأĳħųǰһħųϵǰԴЦĿһۣλʵΪ˲ãﶪˣЩǣűߣ


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λħųŽԸʦͽһʤǵ󶼿ԼˡƻֻɵλϷԹԵĶԸԼ޵ʱĴ
ǧȴû뵽һһ½ԪӤġëͷСӡȻһӣȻǶ֪һڳϣһݣħͲȻηڣȴΪηͲɱء
һЦһ䣬ħųɫʮֲÿ֮ǰûܳɹĻħӺͲӶħͷһͶֱֶŻ޳һײ˹ȥ
ͷӭԼ˹һŭǹһ˿ЦһһָΪģһޱȵĽͬӵһ׷˳
գۼ䣬ЩѸף磻ǳľ֮ɱ¾ǹ֮ƣһУ֣ÿһﾫ׵ĽУչƺһӡ
ħӺͲӶ˱Ѿ߿һ˻ޣԼҲŻ׼֣ЩȻסʱһݣͨϣǺųսһĽޣڵɽһޡ
ֹУֶ룬һŶ񣬵ҷͷһɷ֮ҪǮƵļӳֵڽ֮УԭϬڶལȺ󷢳֮һ棬ͽͷȥĻ޴òҽвѡ
ħعʱһԼǷֵܹһУóô϶Ĵһ̣ǶԷɱ⣺Ӿ
һ䣬ħ㶨¼ƲߣȻҪɱһȴҵɵ֮˵ɱҲ˵Է᲻֣ϢȥԼնɱһܳ곤ϣԼڵŶҪܵڵķ
¼Ʋߣ˷ǵ֣һħųϴ˴ʲôЭ飬Ȼնɱ޵ԼһͷòĻ޶ǳطȥ
ħ±ͲعأһҲϡһǰͷĻޣǹһ˿ЦĽֶʩչյ蹦ͽͷնɱȥӽϽӹͷޣȺնɱ
һɱˣһĻ޴ﵽͷҲȺ˸ԷĻޣǽ²ǽ㾫ĵӣನۺҲлޡ
ŽȥԼ·նɱĻޣ˶ֶͣԶԶһɡҽдСıױƵķɵһǰһ״Ҳݸ˼֮󣬱㽫Сһջؽӿռȥˡ
һζлСˣСѳ֣ʦͽӴ˽٣ɫЩί٣Ȼǰʹˡ
һҡͷˣ˴κĳǣͷֻû뵽ħЩûеӣĳգֲǡ
⻰ʯҲæǰħ֮˼ֱҵʿ֮еĶһղһղÿԽʱϲ㣬ħ֮˳Ϊûв֮
⻰㲢ûлشֻǵĵͷתĽµͽлСѣСѳ֣Ҿˡ
´˱ѵõţкԽ̵Զͬ٭ʶ׾ΪֻԴһ˳֣ǰĪ£ֶһǰԱ񣬹ʶһĽϾξ֮սҲĥƽ˼֣һĲĳóϷ
ԼʦԼлæǰһݣлȣ´
һڽ±ûʲôö񣬵ԴĥҲһ˿øУ֮һҹ֮ǰĲˬ
һһϵȻɵ߲æȴҲ÷ֻǰšһ֮󣬾ȥħˡȥǰȥʱﻹħųϵӰӡ
ʧȥ˷йŭĿֻ꣬¼ݻɢȥһΪɵһȻŻʯ̵˶ȥҲ֪ӳʵ˳Ծ˽ˣ⼸˶˼롣
һΪ⣬ֻȡԼ˫˺ѰһңգĲ룬ҽ˴ռĻȪȪ·ֻǧűˣȥˡ
ƺΪС޳ȥһ·ԭŰĻ޾Ȼ࣬һҲöֻ֣ߵѸ١Ҫڣ·һׯʱ򣬺غڰ·ʧȥ˹һ㡣
һ״侪壬ʶһɨ̽ͨһһ󷨣󡯡ֶ֪Σͷһתԭıڴׯ֮н汮٣һֱ㷢ôһ󷨣С


һ ħż
һΪڵ֮£һ۱㿴ǸֲãŲȻⲼãĿĵĶԸ
ͷһͷ˶ƣҲ󣬶΢΢һЦ֪ǺηѣΪԩ޳Χĳ»˵ĳҪˣ
䣬ӰֻĸӰֳǴӳǳ֮ѵħųϡԭ֮󣬾Ȼһ
ԭλѣ֪ĳкιɣѵлޣĳһͬȥɱɣ
һȻûоȵӣͷ΢΢Ծ룬һҲԪӤڵĽޣһ˴򲻹ĸһôҲܽ
ΨһҪһˣ汳ʲôѶֶΣɱ˵Ϣȥ֮Żܵ
Ϊ߻֮⣬³۵Ļħ˼һЦڵϼ£ʵҵֻΪǰһսϴʮ־Ҫʶһ£ֻħ;ҵնħŲòд²ߣ¡
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ħӱһ˵û뵽һȻħʱӹҲסһ˻ȥ
Ӽһռ˵ĻħӳԿѵüһ˿ЦݣһЦһбۿһһ۵һϷϻսڴ˴Ϊ㾹ȻΪҵȺ¡ھҪѵײںţܹ޼ɣ˲ȻʶȤõıﶼóҲǲԷŹ㣬ҪҪԼɣ
һȻװ˵ͷԭˣҵΪʲôԭλѣĺڸ֣ɳϣȻȼ֮£Сһ㣬˳ݺ
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ӾҪ𣬵һּ̧һʱסб̰Ĺâ
ԭһ˵䣬ȻȡһöӨ͸öӻڵõһŵؾɰ䱦ֻҪֶθ߳ʦ֣ƷƷķһƷıֿҪۺĴڡ
ãȻôʶֻ࣬ҪļʮͬȼıǾͿǷŹ㡣촽
һδţȴϵͳ౦ʴǹ𡯡֮Ƭʱоż˳
һĻô౦Ĳӵ˶ӿ
ѽϧϧĳȻмǺԼãôû̫ôҲôҲղʮ
ñ֮ѾЩ͵ĲӴһ˵ϻҪͰѱｻʲôòãٽ
ţ뽻ʮ̫٣ĳϣҪʮСһλҲ̲סˡ
ʮԣٶʮӵ˵ͷжðһĻ棬һС
ʮһһΪ˵ͷţһȻͳʮ
Щ˸Ÿɫ⣬⼸λϵ۾εûˣƺսǵʱֻбȴһʲôô౦
ããѱｻһæеһ̵ĹâȻйƣһһҪ
һԣȴǲᣬֻǰеıòӽк˼̧ͷǹһ˿ζЦݵҵԼϣƾʲôҪ
ӱΪһóҪû뵽ٵͷȻ˵⻰ס֪˵ʲô
һһЦЩħͷһǱ֮ϵһҲͰˣѵָϵڶΣǿ¾Ͳɵˣ뱦˰ɣ
ʲô㣡Ƣڣȴǿ಻һ˵ƿԡ
ߣʲôСرҲһֻҪɱ˶ᱦ˭֪Ǹɵġ
ɱˣСһи౦ֻҪɱõЩʵʱˣȹһɹ
ԣԣɱǧҪˣ˷ǵòʧ
ĸħͷ׷궯ֻһϵıûд߶ѹǷķһս󣬽һΧ룬ϢӣȻҪĵһֶԸһ


һһ ϵ
ħŲħţɾΧΪǴϹľ裬û뵽ȡһЩƤëˣһһЦĸħųϸǲмֽﾡ
һħųжԳ̰֮ɫвһЦ˵ϻɵҲЩαļٵѧϹŲҲʮǧһСӾȻ˵̣̫Ц
˵̣һҡҡͷ˵ҲҪֵõ˵ǣ˷ѿ࣬õİ취ֻˡ
СӣͲ󣬿СͲֶ֪ǷҲôӲʣҵҪֻأµãҪĥӡǡ
תֻضܣ
ΧԼͣһͷжƣ֪ʱ䣬սЭȫȴһδŵǹһ˿ЦĿһСħųֻһŵ󵨵Эս
ʱһϢһϢȥʮϢʱ䣬һ˲սҪʱԪӤڣԲ¶
һ˲䣬һ˫΢΢һУԭƵϢȻһתÿһϢ͵һޱȡ
ãСģҪˣסţС͵ϮһֱпڣʱûгֵħųϺڴһ
ħų֮е󷨸֣ġ󡯾óһսҲΪսģҪһֱû뵽һܹץסս󳹵֮ǰһ˲ʱ䣬ֻܴг
һ󺰣϶ʱһǿɶǼһֶΣ˿⣬׷׽ֶʩչԼһͭǽڡ
һȻѡʱ֣˼򵥾Ͷܹȥһ㻯һӰħ˹ȥ
ħһҪս֮ӳּһһݵġ˭֪ոԭڵĺӰȻƾһˣ˳켣ԴͷĲ˹ȥ
Ȼ꣬һô򵥣ȻӲƴŭһͬսҪ֮һѹֻͬû֣һͻأʧȻħųȥ
ʵȲӺͻħǲֱһҪתֶΣȡսǲžķ֣ǵܽ赽ܵǣơ
ԭħ˴඼걸ת˳Ҳˣһ۲£ҵΪʱսȻǿ󣬵ȴת⡣ǰ汻ӺͻħӶȡսȴ÷£һ˳ɱȻɽӣ
ħų˲ҲͷﲻѣһĻɱȴ˿⡣ΣչͷҲԼΪħŴɳϵǱȳŭһһɭɭĹǱ֡
ħԪһ߶ǱϴһХʮʱ䣬նɱһͷļͷ弶ǵļƳƷȻʻǷѣպգΪնɱ˲ٶͷһħš
ɱ
ŭһħǱ޴߶ӰһӰһ˹һҪһһܽӴ
һֶΣһǵܣٶ͵һߣڽӴӰʱ򣬽Ų̤Ȼ˲תһͷǿ
飬߿ɳɣһﲻɳɷ𣬆ذˣ
һЩ걻飬ȻֶοԶԸȴҲʵõķֶʹֻǴ䣬ޱ߹ʤѹЩһ׷׶ܡ
һһСתֳ弶ϰȥͷǰһܿ찧ζƺǳ죬ƺ
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һ黨Ц״ͷŹʣһžķɳֱ飬Хһ㳯֮Ͷȥ
˵һͷڶͷͷʯ֮䣬дȻո֮гΪͽһĴڡ֮һȶ״жôͶô졣
ħռַûз㱻ûмĹֶθŪɲзϣÿڱ̣æջʣµļʮͷ꣬ٲҷų
Ȼˣս֮еɿʼԾһᣬ˷׷׽ӳֵϡ
СӣһҷҪӳ֣оԼԪӤһսʱӴ
ʱһǹһ˿Цݣ˵ϵˣ


һŶ 
ͻһ仰ħ΢΢һ㶣˲ָⲻһÿճǼơһ˫һ꣬Ȼ˫Ʊ仯˶ͷſھͳһ˹
һʩչֶζȻڶǣ̬һİ꣬һ˫ͷ˹϶ʱŭĿ࣬沿һŤһӥ׹̶һ˫Ӳӵڶ
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ͷոʱһһֱƻֺĽɫħͷһ˫צץ˹
ʲôֶΣ
ħ֧֣ıֵܹκֶΣҲٻ˫ͷһһڹӿȻһڵĿ˸ͼڡ
ǽ̹űͼڣ
ħųϼʱһԭҲСǰһڽ̡ǽ̡ıһһǧһÿһƷϣƷķһǧǴԵֵڸ֡
ֻʱתǽʧû뵽бﾹȻħУȻֻһֻƷˮ׼һϴ񣬷Ըٱħ֪˶꣬нӽƷˮ׼
ͼڹȻͬһ㣬Хϴ¶ҵǴϣһ촫Ȼըʧ
ħоһ̫ףĸЩԾʱһŭһߴתͷȥǲ󷨵ħųϷһÿһⶼĥһ
λħųǸʦõϹŵһЩУˮ׼ħŴ֮жˡ
ʦ֮ͷԼڷ˼ϣʱһʣ·һδʵƣϿ˼Ľְɧ
һΣڶ෨ȴûи̫లĵĸоΪֱһˣһˡ
һƾն˫͸ŽâҲͬһܹɱˣϲϵŸֽÿÿһ仯·Χǹ˵Ľα仯ÿһٴνб仯ΪһУܹնһ
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󻯺죬ңһ
˱̰ԼķϾҪֵסﻹ˵üʲôɱˣϧѪ󡯵ӳּһݾ֮ȥˡ
սһˣʱơħͷʱǰһһΪʵĿľǲ󷨵Ĺˡ
뵽ǰһ䡮ϵˡ뵽գۼԼ׼õֶξͱȥͷͬʱһɵûԼѡһԸǶԻǴ
ǶǾþսĸ֣֪Ե֮ʱǶԸĶֻ֣ҪԵø죬һ˼򵥵γһ󣬳֮ƣ㳯һɱ˹ȥ
ʦս󣬶һҲһвô㲼õս󣬱˵вܹѡ
һصˣԴܵ޺׽Ӱ֮뷨˾һɱ֮죬ѾЩǰչ¶˷ֶΣȻǲһ֪ʲôǱȻıա
Դ֮þûӿĽԵУѾᵽƿԿܷӽͻƣ񳯾һеȳɾ͵ġһ򷨡ɣ
һ򷨣
ħų˼һתƺֶΣֻȴ벻ܿҲˣΪһѾʩչ˿
ֻһһǸպǧöÿһһóһС໥֮ͬСͽͽ໥ϣɴͽ󡣴ͽ־һ𣬻һƬ磬ĺ
ãһ򷨣ϹŽɱ˫ħӾһȻ֪һ򷨵ͷ
ңҲƾһһλɣһһ̧һָ˲ɢ
졭ħӴһҪߣһܡֻûк˾뽣֮УӺħȻҲӲȺ뽣ȥˡ


һ 
ǰ˸Ľһüͷ΢壬˵ʱһȻ֮ǰƴҴյĽҪǿ࣬Ҳ㲻Ĵɡô֮ʱ֮бһȿռ䣬Ի硯硯֮仯ڽ֮С
ȻҪ޳ɡ硯ô򵥡һڽһ־ҲҪתռ䷨򣬲ҰһǻɽϵġħԼ޺׽ġޱɱ¾һƪ²ſܡ
Ǹʱһֶζãƾ⡮硯ֶΣɽٸһʤҪ֪ÿһ֮Խ󣬷Ҫɽٸ֣ǼֱЦԿ⡮硯жô
ЩǺ󻰣Ƕ̶ʱܹɣһҲһʱһͷڽ֮Уһת̤޷ĲӾȻڡ֮ͥŲ
һȦһã˵ͷ󷨵ǲϹŴµֻ󷨲ȱȫֲ֮ǰֱǰȴԷϧϧ
ʱһ˷롮󡯵Ĺˣһŵ˵㵽ʲôˣ˾ֶܾͨΣܹͨﵽġ
һԲΪȻ̤Ϲ֮·۲˽ˮ׼ǿǽµڶλĲǵ
ȻЩһȴҲ˵Ͼ˵ûšȻһЦ˵λֶҲǲȻܹϹ󷨣֪жֶΣʹĳһֶεΡ
һǹӰû˵űһ仰ұǾˮˮֻǱġ֪ҿϽ󷨴򿪣ѿɷһ·
һЦѣͶɱģοöԷߣ֮Գٳٲֲ뿴󷨱仯Ӽʶˡ
Ҫҷһ·ҲǲԣֻҲ÷ſ󷨣Ǿȫ߶󷨣ֻҪһɱ֮У㲻ܹߣܹõ౦һúֶΪ
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Էûأ̷ǿֶδ߶ɫӰմ˷һȥ
һ״ϲǰо⡮뵱ǺĺʹֶмƣʼΪȻ̤оЩͬ죬ʽĽӴȷʵϹŵĺۼŶ˼󷨷۲󷨵ĺʱ
һӰ󷨻ûһһ󷨵Ŀơһȵġ󷨵Դ֮⣬׷Դܼ򵥾ж׶˹ȥܸװֶΡһ򵥵ĳһ㣬ǺӰըȥһΣûС
һɣŪҲƵֶιɫԽԽѿһĲȻĴ֮кųƾʮʱĽʺ޸ӳɡҪһʲôȴǰ㶼ܡ
ˣʱٲҴǾҪ˷۱ҽǱһݵģʱ򲻵ܹõϵı˵ý֮ǼһҲ˳Ҳ
һˣ˴ӻͳһžɣմֲڵĺľۿ֮ߵһͺһͽҲ˳ȥ֮б㲻Ӱ
һ̣֮оȻƽطԭֻЩ£һɺڷһʶʱֹӵζ
ʲôȻ󷨷豹棬ӽӽֶΣ
һһо仯󼸵紵ȻӰһ̣ԭѾ˵
ñ֮Ȼܵõ˱ܹݳϹǱ֮Ԫĵħһ㶼ͣеĵطǿܹ󷨣ȻΪǣʶҲһֲĻˡ
һţҲ΢΢仯β췴кӰ͹ֵסģֿʼ˼Ʊ仯ʼ𡮺󡯵Ĺؼ


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оԽԽԵĲɫԽԽѿȻȴ֪ԼĵϸʱвȻԵɺ֮µõϹŵĲִУȴɲͻʵķ顣
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ãֵܹҹݺ꣬ѵҪһСϲɣˣķѰĿ๤Ҫˣ
¶ģһŭһһֵӡ̶ʱ䣬ɫͨ죬ճһһǻѪһӰ󡯺ϡ
һԶŴӽصһͷǣƬĿ࣬Ӱ֮˳һԶͶ֮Уʱ򣬾ڵĺһɱȥ
һڸӦľ£Ҫûʵ¶ЦݣȻҪڡһ򽣡֮УԸЩȴҲڻ¡
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һΪѾϵʱһƾմЩžľȻ׷ըһͷͷ¶Ӿɳһɱ˹
һҲһ̤΢΢һ˲ǰ֮⣬ȵȴЩȻֻһľ׷ֲƺҪɱɵӡ
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ͨͨͨͨĴͨᱦǻۻ𻨣ǻ۹ʵ
һֶ̽ͬʱת໥ҶײһȻһµͨǷ̽鷽˷֮ϵûκܹ֮⣬ǧ˳ѾһֲεֶΡ
ȻһܹʹãԼ˱ųǵŴʼڣײǻۻ𻨣ǻ۹ʵЧ
һ˱ֻһܹԶͨıʹãֱԲʶͨݻͨֻΪᱦĲʵƣֻײôһͨҲӵУֻ꼻һְˡ
ʱӵȻֻһ˲䣬ȴ֮ܽУǺıԴԼ˵˼ͨ͸
Ϲ֮
һӺ֮пһԶ꣬ÿһһ֣ϹŴģǱħѪƸӾԶ֡ͬʱӹͷһֶε֣ͷʱ
ѹˣϹȻԹΪ룬аغϣȻħԴȴаħԲܷŹҲҡڡܽҲˡ
ǰһͷͷ񣬾ȻϹʱط϶֮꣬뵽Щл꾹Ȼܹòһֶξ͸ӸȤˡ
ãܺãȻǾ͹ֲǿˡ
һһʱֹסƾһץһ֡ѹδмһħŽԻزн
ýΪʼΪ⽣ﵽʶԪΪǧ֮⣬ɱգ֮䣬ųɽ
Ȼˡزнȴ֮ȫ׽ֻý֮û֮νýֲ֣ýϽ֮ħԵνǵŴ¾ֶΡ
һֶΣϲ֮±Ҫʹ̧һĨⱬ䣬罣ʱ߳һ̤賤˽һ糤뺣ӽǼͷɱ˹ȥ


һ Ƴ
֮ͨ飬Ӷ۳ɵĺÿһͷħĺ˳ڵˮ׼֮±ĺڶҪԿ˵ӲƴɵԪӤ֡
ʶ֮УһֳֳŲΣһȺһ𡣹һϲһѰ·ֻĥ𣬴˺ֻںǿ֮¡
ʱƣһǵû¶񣬷ԽԽ£һסزн磬ȻӲƴȻ·綼¶
ôܣѵǽޣ޲ɣ
νޣɵ֮רߴĥͨһȺˡһȺƴȲħޣȴȲޣʮεĴڣǱƲѣ·ֻЩײɢޣȫˣſȥֶΡ
һ뵽޵ݣԼһֶκ̾ͷ롣ƴռϷһĺ޲ѣֻٲϧģ缸ѪķѼʮ깦ĺ
ȴ˵һù࡯֮ÿʱÿ̶ǿ֮У𵤶תʱ򣬶ڡ࡯ļȡҲ֮ӣӴǿϣܿͳƿĺħĽײ㡣
ὣ⣬ڽǶּ֮ǿʺϡزнֻǴǰ̫࣬ȴ޵ýʶڴ˽ֻʹЩɬ
õǣЩ鲢飬Ȼ֮лһ似ȴֻƾɱˣҽɬĵط֣ʶõһѸٽ˽
һƴɱһزнת⣬ǷӳʮԴεնɱȴϷŹĥĺûᣬֻԼһʱΣ־ͽͬʱ
֮ʱǼͷ룬ʱӴѹͷһǹļˡԴˣǵַ̻ǼԼΣա
Ȼ˼״ϲƺʤ뵽һǰչ¶ļͷһȣѾķϰĿ๤ǵ˳һնɱ˴ӣֵܹɾͲˣܶԽնɱеıﶼңЩﵽ֣˵ǰ깦һľѪֵð
һˣ˫ͷʣЦһ˫һ񣬶ʱʮָƣһɹѪ籡Ѫ˿롮֮Уٻһĺһɱȥ
һ״ϲһúãڽ߶ͬʱɷ֮ҪǮĹ롮زн֮Сʱ䣬һ˻ˣ˳ְٽһ棬ͷնҪһɢ
һͻȻۼʤĹһ㶣ܿԼ˵ֻǡ֮ʩչͲջءôҧгҲܲԼģۼһͷͷһϣٲǱĹâѪĹâ
ƴˣ
˵ǰΪ˱ھΪƴ˲˹˵Σգٴδ߶֮һͷͷ
һǻͨǰһСܹݡùѪ˲ʷʹáսͷЦѣõʮɣùÿųһͷնɱһͷúӷֺ
㶷ʱһоʩչ롮زнЩƣнԼһֽĥøԲϾھѪ̫࣬׼鵤ҩҲûһ˿Ѫɫ˿񣬷·ʱҪ紵һ㡣
ڹ˻ҪĶһ˿߶֮ʱ򣬺һһ϶һɫʱɷס
һ˳ںΧһںľͷӣ˵ǹͶеĺľơ
ԭͷֳʶ̽󷨣һԸ˷ųĺ⣬ͬҲöԸļƲߣһƣճ˹˷Ķõʹҵձ֮ȡС
źľƣһԭһñȴǱɳˡ
˽⻰УͷǼŭ۴вѣ󷨣ȴ⡮ƺͲõһ
ϻҾǿ£һķˣ
һ̸Ц֮䣬һУͬʮͷУ÷ħӡһ⣬һöɫתϢ
һĻ˲ŷԼһˣľѪǷȫޣһݵӿһ޺ܿ챻ִ档
㣬ңţԣվһ̰ˣͷҪһ


һ 滨
һһǹһ˿Ц˵Ҫã
⻰ǿ˾ݣҲ룬㺰ҿ㲼󷨣
⻰һ˵òԾһֶΣȻûûдﵽʦ𣬵϶ӵ顣
һһ˿Цæҡͷҿ԰ɱ˷ŻֻҪ㲻óҶһ⣡
һû뵽Էĺڸ־Ȼ˵ⷭںҲʱһˮĸѹ飬ʱں⣬רħżթ˵Ҫ̫ࡣ
ŹթĹâһҡҡͷҲҪ˰ɱ˷ŻҪɱˣҶɱˣ㣬Ų
˱ίģʱ֮Ѱһһڻؾͬ·Ͼһʱ䣬в׺ݡ
ʣͶ㾹ȻᣬãܺãҸƴˣֶΣ滨ꡭ
͵̧ͷݵһȫë͵էһ˲䣬һɫĹë֮зɳϸȥÿһ㶼һö˸Ʊ롣
﻽滨롱ǵר˾طİƣ֮ǿвԪӤڴԲ֣ǵΪ˰һµĴۡʩչĲҪ֪ǿ˶ٱҲܹһֶΡ
ⱦ﷢һҲһʦˮ׼һ۱㿴ÿһĲ̻ĽƲ࣬ÿһʮƼףƷѪ𡭡ȵɱ˵ĽơֻһöҲͰˣһֱöҲеͷƤ顣
ıҲɳˣ֮֮ôľ룬һԸҲӲӣһ͵ĺˣһζ˱ܣһ˺һ߽ġ׳һͷɫĻǵơ
ֻںٻĺɫĻдһͬһǽڵһǰһžĻ֮һı滨룬ûɫĻ֮Уʧ
һһںĻ֮ǰ̧һУɫĻлΪħ裬ͬʱǵҲУǱ滨롣
һץ滨룬ϸһ飬˵ö滨澹Ȼһǽ֧罣ȴݶר˾Ʒʵ˵á
һĻɫɷͬ׻ңҲ벻һȻá󡯽Ⱪ滨󷨣ӳ裬ֱǴ֮ٺݺݵĭһ̰ٲҪƤҲ࣬һ
һȴ˿ûⷽԾֽͷʮֻϲӿҲͱȵƷһһƷ䱦һŵֶΣǼֵʮٱĶ
ôöķϣҾ͸һȫʬԼֻתȥɣһϵȻ˵
ɫǵͨ죬Ҫŭ䣬һ䵭֪ԼôҲûã಻˷Լˣֻοϱ⣬ҪȴҲǧѣܣһһɳըϢһ
ѵȲ˾Ҫɱҡԣǽѵǡ
Գһ˿ϲɫһ˲䣬ϲɫΪһ˵˳ɱ˹
ȻжˣֻҪҰһӳ죡
ͷѣ֪ԭʹ͵Ǵ󣬾һն˲䣬Զϣ°͵ըһŧѪһɹʴǵһȥϰͬһ㣬һѪԼԶݶȥ
ħѪݣ
һüͷ΢壬ֶֻڵͽʿʹãħʿҲʹãΪһʹΪԴ˵мпܵ侳磬ڸ߽ʿǱܵ顣
˵һȫܹ׷ѪݣʱбҪȴò˹һͷȥǽͬһһһƺʱҪһ
ΪɱһЩħͷˣû뵽Ȼôһ©֮㣬Ҳãҿ㵽Щʲôֶΰɣ
һǹһ˿Цָһ㣬Ľһɢ»ǧУ»ǽ


һ ټ
ջأһȤĿԭһŽɫ˵Ȼ˻¶棬ѵ׼㲻ô
ȻƬ֮ǽѸٵһŤǻħӵϸȥ֮оȻмֲӺħӡ
ħһЦΪҪ⼸Ҫѵ㹦û뵽ȻôǿˣȻܹһ֮Ƶ⼸ħͷ˲أҲһ֮Ȼˣҹ͸ʹģٳЩͷӣϵ̱ǼҪ񣬵ҽ֮󣬿²ָܹ۷״̬ܹܽʿ˰ɣ
һһЦ˿أһ࣬Ȼһδν̵ĽڡҴϢͽʵﵽԪӤˮ׼նɱĴʿǿࡣ
һȣʿһЩԾԽһתȻŶˣν֮У֮ܳһѹһӴҷ緶Ȼ±ơٺ٣ʲôţʲôڱǰ㲻ʲôҪ˵еõģһƤ⣬ڵӵݡɣԹñϴ񣬳Ϊ̵Ľڣʱ棬ҲϴΡ
һ̲סһЦ
ʿЩ˵Цʲôѵǲ̵֪ͷɣߣŴɹȻѾ࣬Ϣãȱϴ㣬ٸһУùªЦ
һҡҡͷڵʿˣҿɲС̵ͷֻǰһܽʿһҪСĶԸʿˣٺ٣¡
ʿû뵽һȻ֪еְλɫ΢΢һ䣬ʲô
һǵЦݣֻ͸һ˿⣬֮ңҷ㿩
ʲô󵨣ʿ;һЩͬ⻰̵İأǳһæһ˫˾ҪΪǿ
һģٵƶߣ̵һһǧٷֵעöԷ֣һǰһתգۼͽϮһƾնƣͬʱ󶯽ǽ򽣷ɱ˹ȥ
ʿȻŻħӵĿͲǻħˡ콣ȻԾȴţһšһһɽ͵һûйڶལƴɱ
ЩȻҲϬȲýͣÿÿξͱ飬˿ǣЩ֮仯ɵĹȻѣƬܿճ»С
һĻһüͷ΢塣֮нɷ֮ڣп֮ãѰ֮䲻˵ױն飬Ҳֳ಻
֮Ȼ˹ѵ˵ԪӤΪɣһһͷ˺ö࣬Լƺо̴ʿ˼ĶȻĿģΪˣ
һĳԾǴʿȻϻ׶ͷȴǾѣôܣҿں˸ӣȻ֮ûӣĴⳬѰܽʿΪʲôһ㶼ʴ顣ѵǽ޵ô˵֮еĸ֣ܽһԪ㣬һֻɷ⽣ɷ֮ų򷨲մаֵ֣ܹ֮ʴֻĽ޼ΪɲҲΪټ˵һֻ֮ˣһħڵϹݣһڵ˾ͽˣһҶŵѩǻطУ鱦ѵӱȵǲɡ
ڴʿ˼һϸʱһХ洫һ̧ջнصǽǽһϵһֳʮƣͬʮԡ
ԭ뽣϶֮󣬽ǽ֮𵤶תΪǽҲͬһδڿƷķ飬ΪƷ
ֻƽһֻǽֱʹ˲ǿˣ˿㣬ͷӿٶȡһչ¶ǽܣĿľҪһʿֶΡ
ߣƷɽ
ʿȻǽЦһӻһ˫Ѫǰħӵķһ˫ѪƷҲ٣ֱʮһƺʮơֻһ˫ƺ˫ϲԼȻǵֵ
Ҫܹʹã㲻ʹҲʹʿƺûⷽĹǣѽһŭ˫ָԽһ֮˫֮СԭѪĳ֮£Ѹٱһԡ


һŰ 
һǲ֪ڼͰװôꡣֻûǰֹĿţΪƷѾǸ߽׷ˣûʲôֶΣ˵ԪӤ֣ǺҪ˲ϣ¶ǲܵġ
ϴˢѪĽԣһͷ˼һʱ˶ԷֶΡ
ðԵֶΣҶ౦ľö֮ĶȻﲻͬȻȥ֮неһԣֶ֮ѰѾֱͬνĶֻȡĲǷǡ
Ȼڰ֮һ˫ѪϽ⽥ȥ¶ԭѪɫ棬ֻǰͬǣѪи˵Ĳɱ¾Ѫһһеĸо
û뵽㾹Ȼظȴɲſ϶֡ãٸһᣬܱϴͶ̣պܳɾ͸ҲȻһܽʿΣʿǵ֮ɫƺѾʤһڶһ
һԼȲҲͬ⣬ֻζĿ˴ʿһۣȻңһ֮׳ٽ׼鶼֪ңȻܹõŽп˳ȹ٣ʱ˵ǺڣǷ˵Ҳ
ʿɫһһȻظڤ粻飬һδٱ̵ô֮طʲôһԪڣʲôڶҪֻ̲ܹͳһ磬Ϊһˡ
һȻĵ˵ͷˣǾ͵ǳ̰֮ɣǲǹ˺ˣҼǿˣ
һ󡯣ʱ˵˴ʿʹһ˫춯һŭһһݱ㳯һ
һ״˿壬һݣҲͽһסزнʩչһӽصƳʿɱ˹ȥ
һ˫һյȻԼͬѡ˽ֶΣŲ磬ȴӰֻһƬ⽣Ӱսһ
һսһаˣѪɱ飻һɵޣ¡Բʮ֮ڽ÷Ʊɫһɹ𵴳ȥĻޱ
ЩޱǱʳԣû뵽ȴɷǡʩչѾѰԪӤ֣ƴ֮ʱʱе⽣ɢ
ЩɢȻǿЩ𵤼Ļ˵֣֮һϰͷͽ׻ϣŵЩǻ۵ĻޱӶȥ
㶷ʱ䣬غϣȻǲʤһеǴʿɫԽԽǺ죬ȻĲС
ʲôˣǽȴôԪĺڵĸ֣ӣȲ۷ʱڣҲԪӤڵˮ׼ôòһССԪӤڡѵΪܣõϢȻͻ𣬵ȴʵʵԪӤڵΪǽҲô೤Ԫ
ڴʿɻʱһüͷһǹһ˿ЦݣһսƣϽжȻһ䣬ԭʹزȱһ⾳Ȼһתͬǽϴڵɷʩչ˳
ô£ĽȻȫһˣʿͱһбȵЩ׽⣬Ӧˡزн仯ȫͬġɷһʱûתԭȵĵʽӲƵĲ˼УֲԲĵط
һʵɱԷ⣬Ŀڻ̵ϢԾͷǵܲɡ෬ƣΪ˲öԷܣѡΪҲΪֱӵĽ
ִʿʽڳһͷһϲΪһ̲֪ƶΣλ᲻סʹߣת׽Ȫɱ¾⽣
ÿһ׽Ƕ⽣ݣǰԵǿǷһʱ佫ʿϵʽȥһ죬һѪ󵱿
ּһ㺮ֱ䣬ǽֱӵڴʿͷâһϸ΢֮󣬴ʿһȦոµĻƾճֻ֣ǹûаѪ
嶼ᣬ㲻ɱңʿȻסȴԳЦ˿û˵Ծƺв֮һ
һ״Ҳ˵ֽ̧նһУһЦ𣬱һŽ棬һựһӷޱȵϢߴĴܳǶϱƾͰ


һž ʵ
ڸʲôв֮ʿһһҲɵóһоԪƺͬʱͷһ
㲻˵ɱôֻԿܲܽˣϾɱ㻹˷ôܹˣǲٺôǡһǹһ˿Ц˵ţ·ſǿȽϺóһ
ʿһһĮȻһԭɸǵȻ޴棬һ˫۾һϣҲҪһǷܹ̺ӵ֮ǲܣҪܹ¾һҪˡ
ȴ˵һתԪɷ֮ͬŷҫɫʼơ
һȻѰһ޶һУȴ֮ɵĶֻԾǣֶ֮һʱ֮侹Ȼе֮
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ǲϴɢֲƣʿǳһֲûʲô仯Ͻ¶ϲɫһž˵ҪթҲܳڲϣĴЦ
ôʿЦһ˫΢΢һУһһâֶſһ磬һƪַ˳
ǽɫǷ뺽ġ䡯ƪɫֱǡ̫ƪԼһһһƪ¡
ƪֱַͶ룬Ԫ׷էҫ۵ĹâȷĲԪҲǷŷǽɷ֮
ԭɷ֮ΪǿᡢΪһԪһɵͬʱҲ߱ⱻ̫ƪ޸ĹԪԼԵķŷһֱûֳӦеǿơ
һᣬƪ½ɾ͡˽֮ɷ֮Ҳ¶ʾܡ
ֻһɽɷ֮һָ͵һʣʱһָʵ÷顣ڴʿΪһٴγԵʱһ˿׳ͷ
ôܣӦһ˿ĵʹָ֮һıĥ𣬱ɣĴ
һٺһЦһֶ˵ֻ͵һߣԪͬʱֱʶһָ֮ȥֶƲʳ̲һʱ䣬ǽӲӵƾͱһգԪԵĴһ֡
һĻʿɫɷף̧ͷһͬ׼ĶħһнзŭоţĿ־壬ָӵ֯һ
㵽ʲôˣʿСʵ
ңѵһûʿôҾڵĳϣһԽϡһݸһЦƺ̸һɡ
ڵĳϣ˵ֻǳϣڵҲĥ̺ӵ֮Ƿ֣ѵ㡭ѵĻû˵е˼ȴԶˡ
һᣬҲֻͣǵ˵˭ûйϵйϵ㡣
ңʿҡҡͷʲôϵ
һԹһЦ̴ʿԪӤ֣Ȼװɵ㶣ããҲǲײĲͣҲʹһֶΣǲ˵ˡ
˵һ̧һָԪ߳ʿ˹ȥһֱ۱һʣʿҽһֱ۾Ԫ˵һɵľ飬һٶȾͿ˲٣Ĺֱۻû䵽ϣͱһա
㣡Ϊаħʲô𣡡ʿ۵죬һԹ֮ɫ
аħҲԪӤڣ͸а֮𣬷а֮Ϊ֮аΪаҪħͷҲ޷
˵䣬һʹһŵգۼ䣬ԳһףϢҲȻһߣƺԵ׶ħͷ
ʿһĻƺʲôָһе㣬ԭ㣬ڣﻵ˱̴µľ㣡
һһ㶣ЦңȻϳҲ֪ҵֶˣҲ׷Ѵֻ࣬Ҫ㽫εļƻ˵ҾͿһ
ʿ⻰һ˿â˵ͷһáҪʵȴһһָһüġ
ҵͨͨȻܶ㵽Щʲôȴֱܷ˵滰Ǽٻʵ㾡ԣÿһκƭͻһ֫֫ϾʱҪֱᡣ
㣡
⻰뵽Ѿ֫ʣλᣬʿ飬ʱͷνǱ߽ӣһǻȴʲô˵ֻ˿ʼ


һһ ʮ
в̴ʿȻҲʵʵĽԭڴһ崨ɵǰñ̵ĵʮԳոų̽ͽʮǲ߻һνԴ֮صı
ÿһδٵƶߣԪǲܵõ籾ԴϣӶԴ֮صġһȴвͬǲȫֱʿϴ֮󣬷չɽͽģҲϢ
ֻǼˣǽ˼䡣Ϊӵ֮̽ͽ˵Դ֮أǽɽܣɽ֮һԪڵϹＶĸ֣Щܹ׷֮ɱͽǰᡣ
λʮҲѧˣΪ˶һԪڸֺ籾ԴĶĿ෬ҹżڴϹŲƬ֮ҵһлħ󷨡ֶΡ⡮ħ󷨡ħֶΣȴϹħ޸ı䣬ˣֶΡ
ٰ֮ҵʺϵķʹáȴ֮ѡԪӤԲĽͽӲɢֻʣ±ԴӡȻ󽫱ԴӡԼķѾġӡ϶Ϊһ
˺ʩչħ󷨡ЩЩܹԴ֮ص˵ڡֻЩ˽Դ֮غ󣬡ӡᱬΪǸˡһ̶ȣܹ׶ᣬԷӡ֮еͽ
ڴЩӡ֮еһΪʮֶͨΣ㱻˻ħڣħȴ˿֪ʮֶΡ
յʮļƻڴЩҪ׶ɹҲҪһԺ󡣵û뵽ԼѡʺܴĻħӾȻһ
ڴΪѣؼʱ轣ħͷȫħɹһȴˡĵһĽ
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㣡㾹Ȼҳǰѵɱ㲻ɣƷһһҧһԵƾҲһƺûûȻĺƷƾȻһļǵ


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˵䣬һһ־ҪݽȥŮԭ򣬶Ȼǲϣһһɫݹǰס
ƷƼԦ˿籵һǰһüһ˵ʲôȴվû˵ƾӺסȥ·˵㵽ǺˣҴ߻ޣԹԽվԶ
һñܿƷƵΣƾٺһЦȻǹ˶£Ƴϵ껹ӵʱſʦֵйһ棬ֻǵҲϰΪ벻ƳϷҲˡ
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һҡҡͷȻһЦƳˣθСħţֻǿƳŮ֮Ȼ˶ֶΣˣǺʶƳϸеֵĴϧˣ
Ϊңƾԣͣԭ׼ԴǣͷҲ΢΢һ
Ҫ֪ˣħˣǼȾҾ壬ǿںӡӡҲСˣǼȾҺݣǴŮ֮ࡣûԴЦζй
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һһƾ뵽һݣĵ˵ͷظ¾ڵϰɣȻǾšֻû뵽Ϊ̳Ȼ͵Եоȴ˲ݡ
һҡͷһЦƳˣĳǰȴûпʲô֮ǿλϱһͷޱˡͬǰбĿ£ֻ֡û뵽öλᣬ²ɷ£ź
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Ʒһ˫һܱһݱƽһƾһÿһڣĺϼƾ׸ԼȻƽݺصֶζˣɻȥһ˿ɱ⽫һס
ԭƷƣһиתȻΪֻ˴飬ͶħĹϾӵݣʶĹﵽˣֹɧ˵ͬʱĶһʹ
ǺƷƵʦҲö֪֪±ħ˲ɱ˻Ҫšֻصһжһ˸ƻˣ˲ˣһ
һֻΪʱײ֮£ͨƺ͡𽵹ص䣬Ʒƴ˫ޡ仰˵ҲǷν񽻡
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һԴηɧǣȴٴһȾָ๤һȻͷ޲ѣĹĵƤУʶһҪҪһ˫ڱ˺账һ
Ҫǣ˵һ˫ޣԺ֮вޱȵĶΪ˿룬ߵÿһͬˣһҲͷħеħһĴڡ
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Ϊת޵ĸ֣ƷȴǼߣοӵصնɱһֻһںһʮ꣬ȴҲһͻվǰȴһξ


һһ ǧ
ΪʲôҪ֣Ʒ˫ͫ䣬˵ĻƺԡȻȴǸ롣
Ϊβ֣ܳһȴû뵽һʶ˫޶ԺƷӰ죬֮ͷԼǰ뷨ǹһ˿԰Ц
ãȻҳ֣Ǿݹҳˣã̳е֮£Һ£ɱǹжмôƷٴδע⣬ٴ£ƾҪɱһ
ƾЦȤĿ˶һۣȻԦ˿ȥԶԶţƺҪһϷ
һֻ׼һһþܶͬʱֹƾƲϵҲʡ˿࣬һЦԺƷƵĳű͹һƳϱ֮ˣҲҪĳĿͬҲòˡ
ƷƼ״ȻƾӣȴɱһУһһ˿ɫᣬһرġ˿籡һ㳯һȥ
˿籡Ȼȴʵʵ鱦һҲԴںƷƳֵ˲оֳֻһ˿СƾȫںƷϡ
ȻҪ֣ĳͲòˣһ䣬һ˲佫ųͬʱԪɷ߶һɽ磬ӭ˿籴ȥ
һѺ籣һ磬ײһһ˲䣬һƬ⽣ӰһƬͬһʮɿı档
鱦ܣȻͬ죡һĿľҪͨƷƺƾһսúðһֳ鱦ĸʵߵͣȻֻ̽ͬоƷҲûµ
ߣ˿ɳƷƹȻҲ̽һܽ˿ģӽ˿һߣԭһʮɳ籣˲ɳĺӰǿҵľȻķһֱɱ
һȻҲ׼米ɱҲܣָɽ˴һ˫Ľ⣬·س˿ӭͷײȥ
˿籡˼ָᣬ˫⡯Ծµɱ˽һһᣬײһûеǹûбըңֻȻϢһ£һָ롮˿籡ǡֵĵһ
˿籡ҿ罫һ½Ǿ𣬷ɲѣҲ˶ѣ¶һһɡ˿籡ɣÿһɶһֹסԭأЩһɹ˿籣·𷱻ըһ㣬Ļ곯˷ɢȥ
˿籣鱦֮ѵֻܣ˵һӭȻмֽϺͽķɣ̸Ц֮䣬ƺﶼǣΨԼгΨһ
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һĻһϲ⣬һԵƾҲľѣΪȻ鱦Ҫȫˮ׼Ҫһʱ䣬ԭô۵ĺƷƾȻԾѡ
ȴ˵ƷɫףЦȴԽԽŨĿһһۣɱڣүҲҪңɣ
һ壬ֻʵ鱦ҲҴ⣬õнԼĶţͬһ˲ӹǧ˿Ĺ£ÿһ¶ͷתһȦһ˿ӿͷ
ʱ򣬺ƷҲ֧Ųסġ˿籡һƷһɹ糺Ԫע֮Уڶһǿһ


һһ ƮȻȥ
νѶȣһ˼˳٣ҲҪ䷲䡣˿ǧգǧʷΪ鰮׷׷գȻȲڤڤ֮еĽҲĹЧǰ޳ղɱ˷ʤ
ƷƲϧķԪ˿籡ʩչһһŵİն˿Ĺ
Ī꣬˼ǧն˳
Ʒ̴ʫ䣬԰׵ϼһ˿Ц⣬һ龰һص·Ҫ׹䣬ϳһ㡣ʱƷǲΡΡĴиָ΢΢һ㣬ųĿǧ˿ƮƮͬ˿һ㳯һƹȥ
ԭˣһ׼ӲӲһԼֶΣǧһ֮ȴǷһȤ飬ǹһ˿ǳЦһ󽣾ؽӰһһֵķһ˿İƮƮ
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ǧ˿ٽ˲䣬һҲֶηһʽĽ⽣Ӱ˲ֹǧȻֵס˿籡
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Ʒǹһ˿Цٴο˿籡ֶΣǧ˿һƣȴʣֱ֮ܽ͸˹ȥٴγһƹȥ
۽˫նһгղ
һüͷһŹ֮вĴǻ뽣϶Ϊһһɫ۽ӶŻɳһƣų⣬γһؽѹʵǧ˿ͬʱһɽѹ˿øѣмɢ
ϣңǧ˿˼˭̿
Ʒ̴ߣ˫ת粦Ūңһһһһǧ˼֮飬δϵǧ˿Ȼź˿ٻǧŰ˿ݻ֮Ļһ˹ȥ
˿ղƺܹɱһǻԣǻ۽ⶼֵסԳһ˿˿ѹû˻ȥ
һĻһüȻӶڣ򵥵Уҿʫ黭⣬·˼ȴѰһв²ˣξ̽䡣
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ˣˣһУ¼ȨСףҽһаɣ쳾ɣվ׷׷ǧɣԵƸ˼
һַ󶯣ãã˿ڷƮƮ𣬾Ȼͬǧ˿˿籵ķۺ˿ϵȴǴףǵС׽ʩչֶΡǧ˿
⡮ǧ˿һ֣ԭƮƮޱ˿ȻͣƬ̣ƾƷδ߶Ȼǰ
Ȼˣ
һһǹһ˿üƵЦݣΪģΪ⡮˿籡ԡǧ˿طƶɣʩչȻСǰԭ֭ԭζȴҲһЩͬϢûȫġ˿籡ȻܵӰ졣
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һһռ˱ˣҷӡ˺弶ޣƷСһõһľ飬һе֣ȻþգȻһЦ̤ǧ˿̤֮𽣹Ҫȥ
Ʒƿرãڽﻹ׷һʱһֱڲԹ۵ƾڶˡ
ֻƾһȣһָڴ«ϣһǰһȺ޾ͷ˳ƾָ³һ˹ȥ
һ֪ƾԼȥǶԷĶԼвҪԶԶڶԻ޵á׼תͷһЦ̯ǰѹ˻޵Ľƾճ֡
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һһпνһʯת֮俰ҽǣ鶯쳣һ棬ȵסƾĹ˻޵½һչͷѻУȻһЦݽһգ۾ʧƾƷǰ


һһ ħ̣
֮䣬һѾʧƾǻ뷢ֶΣȴѾˡͷȥƷһ԰׵ʰ˿籡Ǹһ˿ԥھҪҪԺƷƳû١
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ֻǺƷȻһͻȻʩչǧ˿Ūеվħ̳ȴҲסƾʱܵķˮһ£˿籡һ߻ŷȻǱԼ̬ȡ
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ƾȥƷеĺ˪ɢȥһһѪ˳ԭͲ԰׵˲ûаѪɫ˿նжЩӡ
òסһ䵽棬Ʒæȡһƿҩ̷ȥΣԻָһѪɫ
ʱһХӲ洫һͷڵķ񳯺ƷƵͷڴĺƷ͵ۣһ˿籡ʱͬһɫնȥֱӽͷնˡ͵һ㻯һŻɢȥһöǳɫʯ
û뵽˿籵ıྐྵȻķ˾޴Դ֮أԹһӻ»ûҾͳ˸ɡֻǸŵǣȻ˿籡ǧ˿ѵעħǲɡ
˵Ʒɫһ΢򥣬ƺڿʲôǿǳʯԼɢһص˿籣͵̧ͷʶȻһ䣬˵ȻµŮһͳŮкܡ
ǰұΪپŲ䣬һҲˡ˿籡רٵȻ֮Ҫñ١Ҿʹ˷ǰҾһֻ콵µһֽ٣ҽĥ£ɾҵħǣҾҪնɱ㣬
һˣƷƿһϰȻΪȴһ㾫·𱦽ĥʯĥ£ųҫ۵ĹâеԼϵı仯Ʒͷ΢ϲȷһֻĥʯ
ֻǺƷ֪֮ǰײ˫ޣȻħֻҪϻѿ๦վܹĥ𣻵һʧܣʽһħǶԴһӰӾεĿӡ֮Уպ٣һ
֮󣬺Ʒƺܿͽһĵ׵ָŮɫܣֲûдȥɣҪһطˣٲ˿籱ʧߡ
ɽﴦԭ˲֮һɫӰͻأ֣ǴӺƷƺƾǰʧһ
ͷ˿ɽǹһ˿ǳЦС׾ǰںƷƺġ˿籡ϣոС׽̸ġǧ˿ԸƷƣȻڴ侳磬ȴҲ㹻Ϣһʱ䣬ҲѭӦˬˣ
˵䣬һеʶ֮ͨСҮʶͨһƺǶͻƣָֻܿȥ
֪ٵ֮һڷűһֵ̬ȣ̷ͨȴСĶԴʶһζھʶ֮ͨУΪġͨûܽͻƣȻźȴҲǿֲ˼ûε֮󣬱㳯Ѩ֮зȥ
֮Уһһ֮Ž·ųһ˲䣬ԭ򽣺һҪɾ󷨿ռĽȻը򽣵䣬һڵӰԭء
˭ȻƱҪɱ㣡
ŭһĴֻͱһ˾žŰʮһžźһ֮ƣֳִ󵶷裬Ҳ
ºα˷úһʣʱ⡣һȻĮ洫һڡ
ȥһӰŤͷɱ˹ȥһͽǺӰնˣܿ죬ӰһŤͬʱ˹ȥ
Ȼʵǿ󣬵վֻǻȪᣬǻ۶ѵã̸ʶϵ⾫󷨣ֻǵ˹죬ҲűԴʵڶӰսһ
֮⣬һ֮ϣͷǡҫĽ⣬ӡ󷨱仯Ȼһ߲һ߿󷨡
һⷬΪ׵ʡܹĥԼֶΣһһʯ֮ơżۣ˿󷨱仯ֲ֣ע뼸Ԫֳ붨ȥˡ


һһһ һǧһ
Դ֮أʱԵ֣νһֵ𡣱һҲֻ붨վͲټѾ˫ۿأâ֣ͷҲһ·ԶŴĵһͷһ𣬾ȥˡ
һУһһ̾ϹŷȻԭûܳɾ鱦ܹ󷨰壬ֵ˿һ鱦ֻǼȫõݣҲֻǿһ֡˿ûΪѾ߳һպֻҪֳ˼ʱ̼ò˶ãܳʱҾܹڻһģԳɾʦ磬Ӷ𵤶תˡ
뵽һͷмֵ⣬תͷȥԭβƵѾЩɶԼɼӰ֮ǰ׺ȴԵЩƣǳЩò
Ҳˣ󷨣ȫˣպ²ûҪѲ˼
һһּ̧䣬һ׹Ƶ󷨰εض𣬻ʮһöħС
еĻԭɱЩӰ⻪תѾ档λǺ弶𣬸ûη״ͻأһӰҲ߶ʮһһԶ߶ǿӵһϣţѹƳһɱ˹
ȻǺ弶Ļޣ죬ķҾžŰʮһƷҲķһЩһսˡҲãҵĻȪٺòļƷ
˵䣬һһ֮ԷƵĳƾ֡һ⼸նɱޣɻġȪ
һ˲֪жٻȪûбѹ飬ֱһƿأµɱһͷޱȵĻ
оȪ֮˿ԼǿʢͷλҲһͣ½ŲܿͿȪеĻǿȴûдﵽʵɱ䣬˵û飬Ͳǻޡ
ˣ㵽ɱ˶ٻޣȻܹ۳˶ĻһһԼǰоȻǷŭ˵̰
һ״ͷЦѣȻ㲻飬ͬ಻ж֪
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һ棬ǧȪϬĽӹһǧ˻ǳ˺ۣͬʱϴһɹɾĻȪ
һ֣ûĻ޾ͱһˣˣûعڶٴӿͬеһ㣬ӻٴδ߸Ļ
α˸֪ԣͷԣæıԣٲǴ󿪴ϵֶΣȻ潻棬˱Ȫ˵һʮȪ
Ȫһ⻹ǵһ𻵣ȴ˿⣬ȫĴ߶ĻȪ뽣ȱٴγ޳ɱȥ
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һȪȻȲнһȫĴ߶һҲ˶١ټͷδԼȪڻ޵ĿƣһǧɵĻȪεĽ޹̶ԭأο˻𶼲˳
һҹһɫƽǻԳΨһοǣԭǧ⣬ֻʣһǧԭ޵ĽҲԳ©
һ棬޹һü죬ʮһһѡûϲԭһڶ
ǹһ˿üƵ΢Ц˫ַɣ󶯻ȪеķһָȵȪһǧһϣ


һһһһ Ѫ񣬴б
һһԭԵ֧ġȪ˲飬һɢȥЩɢңÿһⶼһصĹ켣֮ԭɢһصľƬ׷ʹԭʵĽӼ
̧һ̽һǧһ׷һУصһȪһ֣ȻһںֻѰͬлˮϲǴ˵һлľĻȪ
һȪԻȪΪǻȪƾȾѹֽ壬Ǵ˼ޣ¾ɣҲСɰˣ
һžһ浭˵ţһ̧ͷޡͷ޾෬ڣȻԴǺ弶𣬵Ϣ˥ȴѾԪӤҡ
ʱһԼȪмŭʱѹһȴȪ·ЩǿĽһδν֮УĻսս
һһǿһ񣬳ưĻ̲סŭһģɣһ᳤ͳһɱ
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һɱһ˲ײһԭԵƾеĶߣһȴΪ˳ʤ𡣱֮ǻ˫ֱӿĶ˫һɬſ޿ڳ˹ȥ
һҽУ޶ܲ˫ϣɻͬ鳲ֱͶȥһ󣬻ƸǿԭǿϢ˼֡һδ˳ȪӾٴγɱȥ
һ֮һޱȵĲҽдѨ֮дֻǻû㱻Ȳõ󷨶ɱڶѨ֮СƬ̣һ˳¶һƮݵĺʱаһƬһѪݺᣬ·Ѫܲһ㡣
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ν⻯ͬʵǿзֻ޴ڣǽ豦ΪһһĴڡ⻯ЩƣֻǿǱ鶯öԶܡ
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˿СѪһǹһ˿Цݣһ䡰ǻȥʱˡһ㳯ȥ
һ֮ʿϿգһХԭԴһȺʿ׷״ų˷ǽΧˮйͨ
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඼ֻ֮һ궷ʿǿֵסһƣҲǶΪȻȲһȴҲѵãʿõĸС޼Ρһй֮Ե
޼סһƣ˹ֵϼ£ҵȽܵͷλϻط볤ǰȥʹϲҪҵǡ
ʹһüͷ΢壬ͨתһ֮佫Χסһ飬ҵһ㶫Ҳ¶һ˿Ц˵ͷãȻʲôʹҪϣҾȥһǰͷ·ɣ
һ˺˵޼ɫҲÿ֣ȴҺˣֻΧһһӭ붷ʿá
һ˲ãʿǰһ޼θ£мŲһ˴Ӻ˳Ϊ׶бһ룬һһİӡ
һ¶һ˿ϲɫ˵ȴǰһֹסŪһͨ죬߷߲ѵŭһȥ


һһһ ߣɱ
һһ´һԴĵһŵųһ
һǵȻ֮ɫڴ˵ѯʷ·δţֻתͷˣ˴߲ټĽΧѾɣ뿪ңһӳ֡
߷ߵһȻˣֱԼ˵üͨʲôһЦͷѾϢ˻ٴȷʵϲɺأϷȥҡ
һԱԻ룬ŵ⻰ͷʱȻ֣˵ͷҪǰȥȡˡ
ʱֱӱ˺ӵİڷˡһŭɶĵһһֻۣһһֻתͷ룬ѵΪô
ԣ·ʲôЦֻҪһûгҶʿõĹϣҲ뱾ͬѵ⶷ʿ֮УʲôôʲôΪʹ£סԼͱݣҪ֪ɲ˭˶ܹȥˣ򣬾λӲҪҲҪʹףΪʲôˮ˵
⻰˵󣬻һȵϢһǿĻǰȻΪҲ񣬵ȴҪѷɫһأǱˮ顱ĸһǰʮǰݺɳնɱĴڣͷŭѹ
ΪʹȴԸʹ˶ӣһתƳһɲԲһͷҪӡһãããǶʿõĹϣһΪ˳ΪҪʱҳȥϵְػΥݸ˼ɣ
ݸһڣǻƢòͷһšͷȥҲ˵
Ӽ״ϰԵĵһЦȴһƳɱ˵Ŀ⣬æЦ
ˣһŰֲһֺߵһǰһһֻһ˵ȣܸȥȥ˰ɣ
ʱһƺſԷĴڣüͷ΢ǺˣΪҪȥ飿
Ϊݸʹߵﶼض¡ȴԱǱһְӡлڲ࣬Ҳˣֻܱסһ
ۿһһۣһԴҫǺѲʹĦ࣬ξ˾ٱݲ붷ʿͼı֮ɣʱȥ㶷ʿùְλһȥ顣
ԭˣһ˵ͷǸںı飬˰ֵȻˣĳʹȥˡ˵䣬ŲӾͳʿȥ
ĦһȥȻԼͷһаֱܣǰʵѵ뿹񣡡
񣡡һǹһ˿ЦЦȻһ޹ְʲôܹ˵ͷҲصĳȥ
Ħһ㶣뵽Լ˼ŭһְԴҪЮٸʧߣȴǰԼĹֵǿʵˣݸʹΥΥݸȻ㿹Ǿҽ£ϼӿʣһ㽫ıƶ¶
˵䣬ĦһһǿƲȻȻҲǶ֡л׷һ̧һץպ֮ȥ
Լʮþȵһãʵץȥʱȴʲôûץϡ̧ͷȥԭǰһȻ֮⣬һ˫۾ֱֱͬĶ
ߣɱ⣡һ촽һ˵ôһ䵭ģȴ˺ǵĻ
ĦܹɶľԱһ޵֣һĻΪΣˡһںٴγ֡һԼһ׳ǧӰצʩչһʱ䣬˸צӡצӡͬʱϮһ
һ½ʶභһ׶Ķһ۱㿴ͨ͸˼һ˲͵˼ȱ֮ʧȥȤ
ǹһ˿Ц̧һָɳһɹɼʵʵĽһʹצͬʱĦɱȥ
˲Ϣ䣬֮ױ䣬ֳˣǻ붼һҲѾԮȲֻǧһ֮ʱ̲סһˡ


һһһ ֣
Ҳ֪ǷһãȻͣڱĦǰʱΪݸʹﻹǰһ磬һŵúѪɫŽߵĽ૵Ȼǽ
ߣɱ⣡һٴ˵ǫ̇̄ʣֻǰһԳ棬ȫζ
ҲûǽµıĦ࣬һһĨһӰҲƾɢͷҲأͳȥ
Ħͷ˺飬ǰӣΪʹȴŭѡһ뿪ʿã֪ԼҪֻôһᣬͷһᣬӻͳһƣԻʹҪ㣬ΥݸĴ£
ʱһչʾʵ𺳣ͷϲԼûж֣Ħ⻰ͷ֪һʹƣȴЩˡ
һͣߣĦߴ٣ǲǰͷһȵԸΥݸͼı죬ʿöʿЭ֮׽ù鰸
һڳʿø߲Ϸ׷ױɫһͷŭĦǣȴͷܶȻҪֶζԸһ뵽һǿʵǲ֣Щʿ»һʣǱļ١
Ħ״ͷЦѣҪľҪƻ˳סһʿø߲Ҳ˼޼Ϊ׵ĸ߲׷תͷ룬Ȼûһ⡣
ȻųһƢ꣬ȴҲһͷϺ֢꣬ڱĦ࣬һʹ£ջأҲеˣ
Ħԣ뵽ֿܣͷʱһһͣӰͷаҴܣЦ˵ЦˣݹأȻвɸ˵Ŀģúץסֻкôʲô
üͷױĦҪһһʿȴǱսƷͷŭѣһһȻţֱֱξڡ
ãܺãҪңҾϣܹһεĿ˵ţһȥɱ֡
ԭܶϢӰѸʧƳ˱Ħһۣ¸̨һ˹ȥĦ౻һۿ׹ߣֱֱͷаѹ뵽ô£ֻѾﻢˡ
ߵһ󣬳Сѣɷϻ֤һаȫ
һתͷĿ˻һۣ˵ЦˣĳԱԣαҪ˱
̾һҪСָһ½ˣ
һû˿ˣָˣ
˵䣬ͬʱϸɫڶͬ콵񣬶һݺᣬ·һսһ
ʱһХԶϻСѣսϽҲ
һҲ£˱ڶǰǻĺѣһйһĺ㡣
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Ȼ뽪Ӵ࣬һ֪˼Բ޵ķʸҲɢȥƣץסͬһ֮ͬȥ
֮˼˽֣һΨһˣǱĦɫʮѿǰʹĦܼˣ
ԣ¶һ˿ЦãܺãĦ࣬úܲѾҪˣ㵽һطȥɣ
ĦͷãҪͣǣˣ
˵꣬ɫһ䣬һѵҪҵڱǰˣһˣô
ĦһҪ˵ʲôһ˪ֻҡͷңȻô˵ʹ˸ǣ
ϣĦٲҿʲôԼˣҲƵĳ汼ȥԭŵڶʿø߲ʮֻϲͲֽкˡ
֪ɷȥˣ
⣡ɫЩΪѣ˿㡣
ڻУҡͷЦ
һŶһȻĵ˵ͷȻˣλͽ̰ɣ
ԹһЦСˣΪʿùϣʿõĴ£ȥ
⻰һͬʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫ򽪷㶼Ҫ֪𰸵
״Ҳӣ´һһ»Сѽֳ˵ɣ


һһһ ϲ
һڨȻһЦ֪ԼЩ˼ܹһʱҲһЩħ̲ס֣Ȼǵע⣬ټˣֶθ߳ĸ֣й¶Ҳʱˡ
ʱһҲΣһĨһЩ仯ɢȥԳĿȻһЦұĿ֪λɻ⡣
װֶṳ̋ѩ޺ı˵½綼ٴڣʶһ仯ֱö˶һҲ˵֮ܿͻָԭ״һ񣬱ˡ
֮У˸Ѱλǻ̲ס˳ĬСѣ㲢ǽʴˣǴİɡ
һԵ˵ͷٽ轣֮ս붷ʿã¡
̾Ϣһ˰ֵˣˣ㲻ǽýʵţҶԲûʲô಻һЩõıΪȫֵˣ
ἰʱ򣬻ȻŬһں̬ȣż鶯ȴȻЩۡ
״ȡЦϻ㲻Ҫ̫Сˣ֪һ֮ΧжգСѰæϹͷҪ棬Ҫһͭⷬ
Ȼ֪֮Χ飬ǲϸ⻰һæѯһҲг֮󣬻뵹һ㶵ĿһһۣæһֵһζлСѳ־ͳѣϷҪһ֮ˡ
һԻ˱ûʲôö񣬵Ǳ˴ֿ֮飬Ҳһ˿øУ˵ͷⲻĳ֮°ˡʵһҵȽ½ĿľޣֻҵȲͬһ»вͬؽҲܿգ
һȷԼݣҵԼĿģλֳһ˿Ȼһѯʹ˼һ˵ͷ
Ϊܼ죬⼸Ѳ֮˵飬Щ½½Ķ˶ʿУֻС˵Щ˴Ϊͬϴ֮ΧӪֻһûзǵĲ֪ͬСѿɷ֪һ
һ֪ĿģͨԼ֪Щ˵Ϣ˵ҲӰȫ㣬仯ǵĴѾ֪˫ʹںϵ˫ᣬԼϢ˵ȡĺͱ
뷨һǧóλĿԼһǹһ˿رЦݡ״Щԣǻȴ׵òס
ȻһݣڻУһ⡮εߡı׼Цȴľս뵽ԼܹõһϢݺݵҧҧЩҲҵģȥõľԼñǣʿñΪ㿪
˵ţ뻹߷ߵĿ˽һۣе˼ǣСӣҲ˼˼ɣ
ʱףԼһٸпЦã뵽֮ǰһæʦͽҲ˳ˮ۵ȻͷˣҲСˡȻҲ㸻㣬ܹƿһʿõĲ񣬵ҲЩСѡǡ
⻰ճڣоЩԡ߿˿˷ֱòͬȴͬı鿴Լǻʮ־ʣϤղ׼ǻϲǣԼ˼ֻ˼
ȻˣĳͶлλˣҾͽ֪λɡʵһν½ΪӪһǱΪɵһΪħǿļţڵĳϣ֮лС
һһ٩٩нһ˴ɵ򵥽һǼ򵥣˵ȴȫͬһϯʱ롣գ˻δѯһЩ⣬һڼֵıһһ
һħ֮Ĺϵ֮󣬱һ񣬻һϵõĻ뿪ڵǻһ⣬СѸǾǣԼ磬ΪҪ½ǲޣһΪأζȻ
һ֪뷨΢΢һЦλ½֮лŰ޶˶شټٵǰס˫籾ϢϢأΪ˶ȹش٣ҵȲǰǽޡȻǸ˵ȻҲôĥֶΣõ汮֮бǳΪǳΪ˵Ķ


һһһ ѹ޶
˫һϲһʹӷ½˽⣬һδӶ˿ֻǾøȻͻͬͲȵĺϲ£
ڶϢ֮УǳԾش١һУǵ֪ʮһĽѡ뵽½Ŵ۹ûһʷʮһεĽжôգǲ֪顣
С֣û뵽龹Ȼ˽˿󷽵İǶȷʵѩֻ̿ħȻ׶񣬲֪ǷȺǽ𣿡һݾȻǴɳϣݲԼֻ߲ͣﻹϣæƺˣҲ̡
ֲżʮȻ£νˮڣֻҪǳӦԣһİǶȻܹȹȥħţҿҲضԸϾħʵɵ࣬Ǹи֣ʵ֮ǿȵ϶ǿߣǱƼ˿²ãίߣ໥ãǰæ޲ӴΣ˵Ҳ١
˵öԣħȻײУҲ½ҲĲ˺ãÿǣΪǰ£ǲòݺݵ˵ţƺȥĲһħš
˸ԾΪ̽һһħţҲ˵ͷϾ½˵ħ֮𲢲ǺֻܴҪܹǲޣǲʵݡ
ĵ˵ͷȻˣұ㽫˵ϱݸҵʳǣϱζᡣַģ۽ΣҺͻͷϱû˸ҶΡ
һ֪ǽԼԶ裬Ȼں˭Ҷܹ½ùϵȻٷ㲻
֮󣬽Ҫȥȥһȥǰĳŵ˵һڻѹιüΣ⻹ǵһν뱦⡣
Ҫ˵һǿĴڣԴ֮Դûл޵Ĵڶ뱦֮УһһоڶоǱ
˸ʽıԵǣЩ֮У˺ĴڣĶİڷţǶѷţûа˼һоĵط
ֱӵ˵ıһʱ̫ã໥֮ʧȥЧãǺܶҩģڳôŵĹʧȥҩЧǽЩһʦʹѣñĵط
뿴һԴѿı飬Ȼ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ͷûһ˿ˬȻеزū˵Щʵģܹȡãõ˶٣͸һһ飬˵ýõĵĵط
󣬻ǱһԹĿ⿴Щˣæ˳ȥһԼһѡȨһҲ̣һ䣬ֽ֮תһڿһͨ
ʱ֮󣬻⣬ͲһӰһǲֿɱЩͷԷΣ뵽һĽӿռѰռ䱦ﲻֻͬҪ㹻ıӹܹ̾ϵӣ͵ıһĽӿռһǳصĳ̶ȣװһɱﲻëëˡ
ˣˣûиһϸ֮ǰҿ˶Ҫƴҵڴͷı飬һӶڻıﱻһ룬࣬СͷҪһõƽĻűζЦƮȻȥ
Ȼһ֮󣬽㽫ɣ㱻ŵһǰɳŵ㵹Ҳˬ죬ԼҵĿռ䱦һŻѶȫȡ˳
⽪㻹治ĺϱȻȲ⣬ȴƷƼӴ棬öȴҲ١
һԱû飬͵һ԰æȣһǵΪһ͸ֱãһѡ
öһһ㿪ʼúЦŶ˼ѡĶԽԽ࣬ÿһ֮ľƷɫͽˡ
ת˼Ȧһɱ죬һĲڴˣȻģҲˡ
ͽ˶ӣ⻰һѪһδӣͷɻ־֣뻹ãжʿñܣɾͲŸȥæƴǼ䣬˱ҲƵȥˡ


һһһ ɽ
ص֮Уһڵķ䣬ԭʱȴȵͬ¯һ㡣֮Уһ룬ͷǻѻС˷ڲ˾¯
ʱԭ벻ѵСȫͣסҼӣһ˫ڽɫչ¶ֵǣһ˫צ֮䣬λþȻһССͻͬͬǣϸȥŷһֻצӡ
һ̶ȣٻзʲôǣƬ೤β͵ȵȣ಻ʤֻ֡צӿȻۣżһ˿󣬸˵ĸоȴǱȼӲϬĸоʾ䲻
ֻצӣһ෬㣬ҽ˴мãֻ֪һ˲õĶڵʲôȴˣֻС׻ָأܹܲס
ʱһϢϣȫڴʲôͺһС̫ң
һּ̧һ׶ɫ̫ɳСԣҲ룬ֻſһ磬һǿʮ̫ɳһĿ֮УΪһŻ档
һĿ˿һŻ棬ֻĵ㽫һΪţ׷䵽¯棬Ϣʱ䣬ǾŸ¯ͬʱͨ졣
ܺãûǾûԽΪְɣ߽콣䣬𽣡
һֻԽƣÿһαһڷɳýɵĽŵɳ׷¯֮У̧׳ʮϣͬʱһ֮ķԥľͳ¯֮дȥ
ЩϷ¯ûʲôӦ·ֶΡʱƣһ΢¯֮дѸһƬһÿÿһ¯֮бһǻ죬ǳصĽ·¯֮вʲôһ
ķҹ֮ﵽʱһ˫̧ſһģһը촫ŵƽǽƷǷĶų¯֮зɳһת
һ̧һУЩӵУϸ˿һſⶫ뽣Ѿ˲ͬ޵ķģӦƶɵʵ彣ԱΪĶ
ãܺãȻ뽣ɷͬȵĴ潣ص䣬Ȼ罣ɷȫѾй֮ȻܹΪգգ
˵䣬һſһǽһץǽһץŵžı㰴ϡ
ֻһžը죬ܲĽԭʮԶ˾ŵ޵ķĽ߲˵ǽӦߺϲһǽõ˷Ҳõǽļӳ֡
ԭһڽ𵤶ת֮󣬵Ҳ֮ߡһλԵɺ֮¾Ȼǽϲ˲ȱġ෬оáܹٿ롮˽ǿʵİ취
Ǿáתʵɷǽϲһǽ˽˫ޣһǽҲһ׽ǵܹǿǽܹӿٶȡ
Ӿǣһһﵽٽʱ򣬿ʹ˽һ֮ƿʽǾֲܿ
ſνһĶˣҲǲɸơһҪʧѾõġһ̺ķɽڶҪԼӵдʦˮ׼ҲѵģҪ̤ϡ˽ż
ڳ˶ԣνǧѣ˵ͬʱ߱һ߱Щһֱȴһ谭һֱûΰҵǾǡɽҪܶ߼Ĳϡ
ǧ׽ĳ̶ȣҲ˵ֳһ뽣ǽֻÿһ׽ҪһûһʧܣĵĲ϶ǺҲ׽⡣
ʱ첻֮·Դ֮һбΪõĲϱ⡣ҲתӣӡճԷεߡԵڡ
Ȼ򲻸ˣѹΣڴÿһ׽һöҪſʼʵܼƻ
һɾŵһϲѣΨһĵʱ̫һн취һȡʮ˸¯ȻҪһʮ˵
Сİ£ӵн޾̫𡣶һԼӵԶͬ٭Ԫʶǿȣһһڶ¯ȻֲȴҲǲܡ
ھϤ֮ʮ˸¯ɽʱ䡣ɽٶȱ˷ÿʮ¯ٶϡ


һһһ Ī֮䣬ѩԽ
ʱۣһչķʱ⣬׽ȫɡΪ֮ҪչأŴ֮гʱ򣬷ѩƽ£Ѧƽ⣬϶ѾطĪͻ˿ȴûмӰ
ѯʹ֮󣬵֪Īͻ˿ﾹȻһֱδ飬ͨСŲҪҵˣȴŲ̾ȻûӦһͷЩԾ
֮У˶ѩ˫Ŀ΢ϣԭһǺʱȴҲоһϵġɽʶôﵽ˺̶߳ȣҲоߡ
ʱһУѩͬһʵĳâǴ˽һʶҪƳգɵԪӤ֮ѷ֣ѹ弶ޣҲⳤâ
ȻǴˣһԴ֮ػûգôѾֳʦ㿴Ѿ鱦罣ȫܹһ̤壬˽ǰ϶顣ƽ£Ѧƽ⣬౦ˣΪҲǴȻҵڶͺôΪʵѸ٣ҲɵӣȻ֮һͻͽʮһֻأҲ˿پ˵˵ô򵥡Σʱ̱仯һøǿʵС
˲Ϣ䣬һԺתͷֳ֣ܿѦ˿µ΢΢һЦλʱǳʦ鱦ɣʵϲɺأҵѿڣѦֺϢͻˡ
һ˻һԭĿ޵ѩһ˫ĿһһۣٴαϡҲԾֻǫһһǵԵɡ
һ֪ȻԴ֮ز磬̱ȻǵķţϢһʮͨҲԼĿģֱԲĽԼĪͻ˿˵ĵ˵˳⻰֣Ѧֳһ˿
һ˼Ȼһ˿ߣ΢΢һЦ֪λѿ֪Щʲô
֡ѦɫΪѣһ֮ƽ¿ڵʵֻ֪ĪҵҲû˵ʱ䣬⼸ձˣ԰꣬ȴϢΣ
һһ㶣û뵽õôһĿһۣûаڣֻ̾һȻĪʦȣûʲôΪѣˣ͵һȰɣ
˵գһ䣬ߵ˵֮󣬱Ҫǻȥ˭֪һֱڲѩȴڷʦܣ֪ɷ轣һ
һڳ˶ʱһҪ֪ڽ޶ԣҪԷǱѰһáڣݡν轣ȻҲѰʿͬսû뵽ѩȻҪڹһս
ѩǲκθ˫ͫһԭı仯ʮɻȴ׼֡΢΢һЦ˵ͷȻʦʣʦҲӡ
ѩԵ˵ͷ˵𽣹㳯ȥһ״Ų㣬Ҳȥ
˫Ӷʿ÷ɳһֱϰأһԭǻŰڣȻһҲֲܳ˼Ҳ˼޹
磬ɣѩƾնֳһ˪Ľ棬鱦罣
һ֪ѩ̧һĨǽҲУϳԭʮһĽ⣬ǧɫǵ㣬Щһ¿๤ķϣϡ˽ֶɵķ
Ʒɽѩһ۱㿴ǽĵȼһദȻûмʩչ˽ȴҲ֪ȻвԼ֮ӳϸеһ˿ļ£·ƷɽܸΣա
ǣʦͽ̣һḧǽ˵
ǣɽһʦһһ˱ǽ̥̺ϹųǱܣѩüͷһһ㽫ǽԴ˵˳
һ΢΢һЦҲǵʦүµǽֻ̥ʦΪ̫ܷͣӴ˽һʦ顣
ѩԲ÷ĵ˵ͷһ䣬罣Ϻţһ齣𣬴мһ˹
һǷϻˣ̹Ҳһ⽣ͬϵĶʩչκ˸ձܿѩĵһͬʱһתӭѩ罣


һһһ ֽ
һѩ˶ǽţһһ鱦˵˭ţڽһ·ߵĵ·ͷȴͬ
ѩһһ罣ޣһ׾˪Žʮ־⣬¯ࣻһ޷ӣΪԽΪãȴͬʱǧֽνڼ֮һǧ򻯣ޱȡ˶ͬɵıƴ
ѩһһʽȫǡ˪Žʽ򵥶⣬ѭټ޵˪У罣˪Ľϣ˫˫ӦγһּΪľ磬֮⣬ﶳᡣ
һͬŲ̤磬Ϣǽϸǰɱ¾ɷȪȵһֱɽֱ̺仯԰գ׽͸
˶˺棬˫ſֻ˪ɱ¾ɷֽ֮ݺ᲻ϧԲ֮вƽµ׷սҲֻ˵֮⣬÷ԼһӰ
˶㶷ҹȻûзֳʤѩһ϶û˿꣬ΪͨӺͲ˶ڽ򣬶˶¶ӡ
ʱ䣬һལʹһ飬Ȼѩһ֡˪Ž֮ǵɥǽѩָֽõС
һֱѩѹƣһҲʤģʹһһתʽԼֶʩչ
ֻӳɢĽУǹһ󣬽ѩ赲ǰѩһبǰȻ΢΢Ծȴӽһԥݽ뽣֮С
Ƭ̣ðĽȻ˱һ죬ѩ˴һɫֱָһ
һҲϵôһܵסѩ罣ӭȻһЦʼʩһó
һһһ޶ýȴȫͬĽ⽣·Ҫе˽ʳɷ顣ѩȴǼδһͷ뽣֮УƬ֮һ˪ѩٴ
㣬һԽһԽ󣬲㹦򣬱нʮ𣬶ǰԶһ󣬲ɼ֣šһĻڹսУӶ˳һزһѩȼﵽʲô̶ȡ
֣һλǶ㣬ǵ಻ǸųһСгϦĿܣһǴºóѦƽԴĽĿƽ¡
ƽԵ˵ͷѦ˵ǣһΪʵǿû뵽ȻܹԪӤǰϴƽɫֱһﰡ
֣Ѧ٩٩̸ʱɫȴôÿҧ촽ƺͷʲôεúܺãûб˿
ȴ˵˶ڵһ֮һȻһЦ齣ˣԶԶѩЦʦ㽣⣬ɱ֮˽ζСܴ̰ȴǲʦ㡣ֻǼȥʮҲֲ£СʦһΣ
ѩһνһгǾ˼ǣҪԽѹһնһжԹǣҡնξ罣ϬվֻǲʤһĿֽЩ仯
⻰ѩսնȻޱȣɱ˶ʵϲһûжȫʵһȻսҲȤ΢򥣬ʦܼȻֶΣǣ
⻰һͷʾ⣬ͺһһ֮־ϱ
⽣⣡ѩüͷ΢壬о⽣ӵеĽ⡣ֻ۽⣬⽣ȻҲ⣬ȴȲá˪Žľһɱﵣ㲻Щʧ
ڡ⽣⡯ڳʱһ־һϣһ־롮⽣ⲻͬ¾ɷɱ¾˫·ʬɽѪ֮߳־
ɱ¾⣡ѩüһȻ֪һ˴ɱ¾۴㲻Ϲݣȴû뵽һȻܹڶɽ⡣
ûѩΪڶɱ¾⡯Ծ㹻ʱһǵһһַ·شƣصɷǡɷ⡯˺󣬡Ȫ⡯н⡯
ÿһֽĽⶼȺһϳһʱ䣬Ϸ·һǧԲϢΪƱӿſգһɹ˳


һһһ ޹˿ﴫѶ
ɭ󣬽˫
һǵһνĽȫչǰһֵͬѩҲʮֳԾ벻ͨһôһ֮ôལ⡣
˪⣡ѩüͷһ壬ڶལ֮иеһ˿ϤģͬԴĽ⣬ڷֱǡ˪ŽеĽ⡣
ʦ߽ǲ򽣵ķţ͵ѧʦ㼸С˪£
ĳԾ֮ѩܿͻָ侲оһ˿˪⡯ȻģƣԴȴǲ̫ԶԼɡ˪ŽѾǧһ˲ţһ˼Σô޳ɣҲ׷һ͵ѧ֮ӣ˰ֵһ޷
ѩӦһ˪ŽǾ⽣롶ܽһȼĴڡһеиҲĦһҪɹҪ
ˣɽկġ˪⡯ҲֲĲ㣬պٶӲ˵ܹһܣȻȲԭ棬ȴҲһײĽˡ
ѩ֣һҲ໰ལͬʱӿӣ㽣͸һϢһ״Ľѩǰ
ɭ޽ձžؽ¥̺һǧһмգʦһԣ
һѩûǰһ㽣룬Ϊ⽣̺֮˽⣬ֶ翣ȴǽ޵һĶΪͬ˽ĸ֣Ȼ׽úʶ˼Ƿ룬ν룬֮ĸֶԲߡ
ʦܿ󣡡Ƭ̣ѩڿڵ
ʦ֮⣡һ΢΢һЦָһ㣬һವĴ򿪣Գȫɽɵڿռ䡣
ѩȻҲ˵һҲƵġ˪⡯˪罣ߺһһ캮ض⾳ѩϷųᣬһööССĽᾧ䵽ϡ
ѩУһ̸оһǰδеѹд𵱳ýʱӡ޻Ҫǿ
һǿǿˣоѩǿ󣬷ǵûа㶯ҡľģϲѣæƾյմ񣬿ƽ仯ѩ
һζһսѩ뽣֮б㲻ϴХ֮𶯲Ϣ·ʱҪȻѩڽ֮дܡ
һȻýԿѩȻмְաÿÿΣʱ̣ǽɷ֮ԪҪǮƵĹ뽣֮УŽ̬ά
˶ֳҹһѩƺܹһʱǵûнƽϢԽԽǿһͨĽıͷֱˡ
һֳһƽһ˼ڴĦã˽ǿʱȴҲòȫ˼ע뽣֮УŽÿһѩ
ͨʶһܹġѩֽڽ֮еˬӢˣһһʽǿͬע˽ͽɷ֮ĽҲԵ᧿Σ
ʱѩ˪Ž֮ǿĽʩչҪһƽһ״һдϬĽ˹ȥҪƻѩĽС
ǧһʱ̣һէȻһߡˮȴͬʱ˼ͬʱ̾һϧˣ
Ȼһ˲䣬֮нһߡѩҲ˪Žľʩչһӽзɳ֮һжᣬѡ
ԭĽȻһѷ죬һ׽⵱зɳ֮Ȼը֮ԳѩΣ
ѩȻû˿ϲɫǹź˪ʦܣΪΡ
һѩ˼ʱȴæʲôæִ̧ѩĿֻ̧һץһѷǰһŮӴе˳
һæתŮסͷŮʧ˼µĻ˿˭ˡֻʱĻ˿㲣Щȣƺ˼ġ
һ˵һϺõĵҩˡЧá˿֮æһİ£ܿҩɫúһ֡
˿⵽ôһ£˵Īʦָһһæʵ
˿ԣɫһæһ磬죬ȾĪ磬ΪΣˣ˵꣬һûܴ˹ȥ


һһ Եɣƿղ
ѩҲæ˼ͻȻ˿ͻȻ֣һҲæ˹
ôˣǸĪһôΪͻȻ뻨˿ദҲԾ
һ˿˵üͷ΢壬˿ֻ޴󰭣Īʦֵ׷ʲô飬ǲҪգ
ü΢壬ЩΪѣͷ˿ƽºѦƽ⣬˱һҲ֪Ǳ˿ͻȻֵΪǰһսһǵĳ̫˿ڡ˸֪һŴ࣬˽⵽µԵɡ
ԭǰһ֮Χ޻ط֮Ҳ½񣬶ϻڻ˿·;оȻְٻŵźš
ΪٻŵĽܳӣͬŵΣ˿ȻԴǰȥͬŻ͡ȴû뵽һεΣǼٻŵĳ϶Уܹ
˿ﲢ³çȻһˣȴáСŲ̡ѶϢСӹɣĪ
Īڻ˿һֱжҶڴܰܵ˺۷˿ڶȥҴѶƽµˣǲظ֪һӰƻ
һ꣬üͷ΢壬ĪʦֵֶΣʲôܹʱ仹ûܽһ˿˺²򵥡
뵽˴һȦ˵߰ɣȽ˿ͻȥˣʳо񣡡˵䣬һ˿㳯Ƿȥ
ƽΥ棬׷׸ȥѩü΢壬ڿʲôҲȥ
һһζ鵤רΪ˿油ģһʱ䣬תѡһһæ˵磬죬ȾĪ磬Ϊҡ
һ˿ｹæֹס˿òżĪʦʵǿ鱦ʲôΣգֻǻӽ龭˵·صҲ֪һ£˷ſ¡
һ֮дһԵֶΣֻȴǽħǰġȻ˿ܿƽͷϸϸһŽԼľ˵˳
һգõŴѶ˵ǼͬһȺޣΧСм֮£ұǰȥֻû뵽һȺȻʵһ㣬ȴʮֽƻǿĻȺ֮СǱųʩչѡҵȱһȺ޹ЮŲ֪˶ԶһƬڡһƬڣҵȻյѹƣˮˣԭ֧ţɱƷʱǣĪǰ¡
һԣüͷ΢壬Ȼ򵥣ȴоһ˿ԾôԾȴ˵ʱȴоԾʱ򣬶ԮĪͰٻҪ·ϸѯһ࣬ͷְ
ʦ㣬˴¼޹أҾô˼仹мıˣʦΪ˴Էһһһŵѩ
ѩ¶һ˿ʦܴԲӣĪʦȻཻͬɵӣԵ໥֣ο˼伸ıͬͬˣ˷ܱ֤ȫ
һҲѩԼһ·Ͼһ˶һʱľоѩЩȶأַ¡ѩӧҲûɾֻܾܵͷӦ
˺ƽµˣһѼ鱨оһ¼ԵɡԼս㣬ȻЩɥȴҲֻýܡֵ˿ʱһȴܾڻ˿һٿ֮£һ෬˼ǣŴӦһͬǰȥ
ȶһ׼һ˿׼·ȥ·ڣû뵽ȴһǰѩڡڶŮԵ£˻˿ｫСŲȡ
һֳСŲ̣һ󶯷СŲֺ֮ۼӰǰƮһ߹ض̬ܷ仯Ųʼ
һӰһǰƮǰʲôǹһ˿Цݣͺһԭ󷨵͵ɿ죬һ㹦žŰʮһõ󷨴ɡ
ʮһ󷨻ۣһ˿ڤڤ֮֮ǿռ֮ξȻмֵˮĸССѿ󡯵һʱĲ󷨣Ϊʦٽ㣬ܹ쵽ġ


һһһ ľ
󼴳ɣ룬СŲڣԭľһŤһƿէ֮봫͵һšһĶ¶ǰ
һȫһͷҲ΢΢ȻĲСһöڶȴһ˿õ飬ȻһβҲʵԼ󷨴ʦˮ׼һ
һΪһֱԹ۵ĶŮ͸𺳡˵ѩн̳ǻ˿ﶼǴɾӢȻǶȴеġ
һһһ󷨣ƲŮȴóﵽˮ׼ǲܰ쵽ģ֪ģͬʦ֮Уһܹﵽˮ׼
˿Դӵ걻һ£ڡľ䡷֮󣬱һٷ֮ٵΣ֪һһЩܣڴµ𾪺ܿȻˡ
ѩͬһ֮ǰһȻΪ˿ĳֶͣ԰ٷ֮ٵȷһʵʵڵĽޣ൱ľޡ
û뵽һʱ䣬һ¶½Ϊˮ׼ԭƽͷʱӿڹ۲죬޲󷨵һѵõ¶һ˿ɻ
һΪ˾ϵĪڣһŲ˱¶ʩչֶΡ۲һȷ֮ĨĨͷ飬΢΢һЦʦ㣬˿ӣ׷ŲеĺۼãȻһܹ׷˿Զ
⻰˿ֳһ˿ϲɫͼУѩҲͷɻ󣬵˵ͷʾͬ
ŮûһҲ˵һһһڶ֮ʧŮһۣȺڶ֮Уڶʧ
ȥãһӰԭأȻϡһ˫Ŀһȥķ򣬿ǽɢ󷨣ɫûмѿ
⣬ڼϢͨȴڴϿۣҲ֪һػ᲻Աʲô𺦣һǾ콫ϣǶɣ
գϵöһףʱ⻪ķɢһ̾Ϣһµı鳯Ƿȥ
ȴ˵һ˽ڶ֮һ˲䣬Ⱥȿռ䣬ʱѾһİڡһۿȥ˷ǻĮһ紵г⡣Բ֮ڣȻһϢûС
һоһƬʮֹ죬ȴûֻܷ޻ʿõϢתͷԻ˿˿ӣӡ󣿡
˿ԣü΢壬ҡҡͷһ·޹ЮûʲôֻϢЩϤӦǾ˵ء
һ˵ͷͺãֻطȷʵмֹ죬˿ûӦǱŰԲ֮ȴǰֻ޶֪ʦʲô֣
ѩҲشֻüһ㣬һɺɢ˷ȥ˰Σ͸ҡҡͷƾ罣ӦԲ֮һˮĮ֮ȻЩȴֻˮûа
һͨʶܴ̽ﵽķΧ뻨˿ȴͬû˿áһһҲüͷ
ʱ˿￪ڵ磬СýԵɺ֮½ݵľľ硣ĵط¹һЩ֣ܹЩ֣Ӧܹ̽鵽صڡ
ѰľԹкܶ෨ֶζҪûľʩչΪص伶ġľ䡷ҲѲ˷顣ľ䡷ﵽһȴܹѣǾǡľ硣
⡮ľľһĸߵľ硣ֳƣƾһϢԪֲӣӶʩչֶΡΪֵʩߵķѰָǿ
ֻľ̵ʷϣԪӤֶ򣬶˿ڽڱܹһѵãǵõľУԴ֮˼
뵽ľһʱ׻˿뷨˼һת˼ƿУ˻˿ʩ
˿Ȼͷ䵽棬鿴һŻֽ󶯡һľ䡷еķĻһľΪĳ˷ɢȥ
һƬĮһɹɫľƣ·ɥʧһ㣬ԭ񱩵ķɳȻֻǻ˿ֻܴͽɢȻǹЩ㡣
һ״һ㣡䵽˿һϳһ̵Ľƣһ֡ľ䡷ԪһתһɹŨԪľ䡷ƣת̵Ԫӿ


һһ 
һԪһӿͨ˫ƴ뻨˿ڡ˿ﱾɻһȻԸǿʵľûԪȻԼԪͬԴ֮оȻûаɬ
Ȼ׵ô£˿ȴ֪ʱæһɱǿʮԪڣһתת롮ľ֮С
һԪ棬ԭҡҡ׹ľƶʱȶϡľ䡷Ҳ͵طʮǿʮһ¶ʱɢͬһ㣬ϯĮǧ֮⡣
һĻһֳһ˿ϲɫŽԪתľ䡯Ԫֶ𵤶ת֮õġ
ֻҪֶ֮УܹͨγɵĽתӦԪԴ߶ֶΣﵽ°빦ЧֻѰһԽԵУʶʵ飬ûʩչ
һǷҪĴԪ뻨˿ڵʱǧ֮⣬һɫ⻪Ȼ𣬷·ҹҫŷ
磬Ǳߣ
˿ԭδθǺķϱЩ԰ף⣬ϲָҲӿһ˿̺졣
һȻ׻˿ʱﵽ˼ޣҲ˵˲൤ҩҩ˿һ֣ӿռ֮Уתͷѩһۡ
߰ɣ
ѩӣ³֣㲻˵𽣹ͳⷽȥһ״Ҳɣȥ
˽Ѹ٣ɳǧҪɽʱǴȻϨ𡣲ҲҪָ·ΪǰһƬͬ׵ĻǰǾ޴䣬ȵ֮Χ弶޸ǿ
ǳ˿ԪӤ֣¶Ҫ˱ܣһѩ˶ӲֵĴڣּΪް۲ӵ־Ǹ˱ܡ
ˣһȻһЦԭǰĻ֮£Ȼһɺһ
ܿͱǰ¶ȻһȺΣĿȴҼ£Ļޡ
һȺ޴ѹǰȻʮֹȻ궯ѣȴûһͷܲ˵һͷͷɺ۾ŶˣȻԭıṴ֮̋⡣
һ״Լеһ˿ԾʲôԾȴ˵ֻѩԲӦ䡣
ȻƬ֮һȺд궯޴֣һͷθ༸ֵĻ޴Ⱥ֮л˳
ԪӤޣһѩͬʱ⼸ͷ޵ʵ
ͷԪӤԽڶһ˶¶ӵı顣ΪһͷΪĻ޾ȻһøɬΪҪԳȥץû뵽ȻСǣϣץȥмʽ
һ䣬ԭվڻڶһкų˿񱼹ǼƣѰԪӤʿ¶ҲҪѹܱһѩȴƾܶԸĴڡ
ʦ㣬ԸЩСආǳǼһű۶Ⱥһ򵥵˵ţƺ֮
ѩüһһѡսͷޣһ۲ת֮ڵҪټʶһʦֶܵΡ
һȻ֮⣬Цһ˵ͷݽ𣬻һɷ׽ֱͷ޷ȥһ·ϣѰ޵·Щආܹ赲һָһ𵱳ֻգۼ䣬ǹƥͷǰ
ͷ޼һȻЩԾȴ¡Ǳ࣬ҲأȺϣѽţоͳһ˹
һ״ȻЦֳ̤ǽͬǶΪ˾ԮĪֶζûΣһʱȣƺǡ棬ͷ޸ûܰסھѾˡ
Ѱޱ֮󣬽ԽᾡûֻʣҰԡͷ֮ͬȻԽԣһӣ໥֮ڴʲôϢ
һ׼ֵʱͷڶˡһ״ʱڵͷΪûܿǱ
󷨣
һͷӿǰͷ޿ƺҵĻ··ȴܹķ󷨵ĺۼȻֻһ򵥶ֲڵġ󡯣󷨶㲻ϣλȴʵʵڵģһ󷨡
һĻһͷһ£˵жôǿֻǻ޾Ȼܹ󷨣δδţǵǺޣܹһ֮£ûô򵥽ˡ


һһ սս
֣
һͷԲ죬гȴûͣ¡ֻһת˴һ֮УŨһʧС
ͷȻܹת󷨣ֶ̫ǳ￴óһ˳ƶΪֻüƣ׷ƴĶ󷨺ӿȥҪ֮ѹһ
ֻʱƣͷ޾㵵ķ֣ĻȻԶԶ󷨵Ҫ֮дһɹ֮ڲϵǵĻ
⵽ô£ѵ޻󲻳ɣ
ԣһǣ޻ǱߣѱˣµôдһǴ̫ǻüӰɣ
޻ʽǻ۴壬дǼӰһ֮ܽΪƹأ
á޻ʡ͡롯ƹءȻ϶֮ɫ׷ŭŽ֮УȪ󷨹
ֻ鲢Ը֮гʱӯ˺лԾٶģδ߶ϲġһھԾֻˣҪѾУֻܲϵͷŻ
ͷͷŻͷʼʱһˮһĲƴ󷨺Ĵͷ޸оһеϢʱԸӡ
ôܣеϢѵ˾ȻҲǱ岻ɣ
ˣϢޣȻ൱ѵ
ڻΪԶ֪ǺõʱһĽ֮дͬʱһΪƵĻȪϢȻƺǻ֮ڲصĲһһͷޡ
һʱڳл޵עһ֣ѩҲ̧ͷһ˫ĿĻһۣƺҪе
ʱǽ֮üһƬХһѹֱӻƻǽ¶ֻǰͬʮһöڣƹâķ֣һֻעǽ֮еġȪ
ͷԪӤ޴ԭֻһĽѸٳɳȻΪһĿƲûзֻȴǴﵽԪӤļӳ֮£ǽҲ·гɵĸ֣ʵ
һɽעǽĺôǽ˽˫ޣֻҪﵽ㹻ľ磬ֻҪ㹻ǽеķܺ谭ʱǽ飬ʹҲͬԪӤֵĴڣܹӡȪ
źֽۣվڻ֮Уһǹһ˿ЦݣḧӦֱ仯̧ͷĿͷһۡ
һҲǿˣǶлλĻܹгɳֻνףλǽΣ
һһ˵ʮֵȻƺֻȰ˶һ˻ͷ޶ŭӣǽһǾʲôһųһ˹һûв󷨣Ǽǰֱͬƴ
һһжУǹһ˿ЦһĨεӶ֮лһɻ˾ǡȪá
ͷһսĴܹǻǽмܲסзšһͷۼ׵Ļŭһһצ·һͷ𵤼ޣһ˺ͽ֮飬ŨȥϽƾȻظһ֡
˵һͷ޶֣ͷ޷׷׶һһһ׽Щ𵤼Ȼη壬ٵͷȴǴľĵűɡһϢʱ䣬ѩͷԪӤ޵֮£Щͽ׻޾˸ɾ
ѩ޵ͽ׻ޣü΢ȻЩ죬ĽȴҲٳ֣ԶԶɿš
ѩ֣ͷްûиоѹԼǡȪֱרſǵĽÿÿһǲٻеͽ׻޲Ҳֻްˡ
㹦һֽѾǧУʱǽеġȪ˻ȪϢǿʢѾͷ޵ܺͣһսսֶΡ
ĺã
ͷһһԭѸٹڻ֮䣬ӶսսȻһ䡣ֱ㶵վͷ޺Χ֮УȻ˿
ͻأı仯ͷЩͷԡѰ޿°㲻ǾҪȥɱ֮죬⼸ͷԲͬվ˷λͣһȻǰһЩˣ塣


һһ ɻޣ˽һ
һһֳֽǰһֱ˫Ŀ΢ϣϢƺʲôһϾ˼ӡ
ڻԥǷǰʱһ˿صϢһǸеһϢԭһɻԾͬʱϲ֮ɫ
þıԴ޻һĻȻӵ޻ʼıԴ
ĵȷȷ޻ʵıԴһʲôط͵ģҵȻֻУ
ԣԣһǱ壬޻ʻֱѰ·ǽԴʱһ㲻ܳɾ޻ʣҲһܹʵ
尡ɱȡԴ
Ҳ֪һͷһУͷҲ˲ֺСűα㳯һɱȥ
һƺ֪淢ʲôϢ·ûио޵Ľӽٶͷ޳ɵķΧʱ΢ϵ˫۲͵
ߣ
һߴӱǿһǹһ˿Цɲֻг𡣳أԭڵĽⲪһԶǽ֮Уһ˲䣬ǽﵽˡ˽һľ硣
˽һ򽣵һѾͬԪϵͳһһ־ͷϵͳһ˲䣬һǽһ־꣬ͬ˴˵ǣ˼ǽˣֽ򣬸ˮ齻ڣΪһ
һ򵥵һʽֻѰʱõġ⽣ɱ¾ͬһֵĽȴǽԴ֮غͻͽġȪ
˲䣬ڵġȪǽеġȪӳ֣֮ǿʱгƷﵽһε˼նɱ޻֮õܹͻƣ㲻κֶΣƾ衮Ȫкս
ֻǺ弶սôͻƣԼоֻһߣһȴͬ蹵һԽ֪ʱǿͻƵʱ̧ͷȻĿǰޣ·ڿһ㡣
ʽ׼һҲûʹûĽУֻǼ򵥵һӳһѹֱֱնǾĻޡ
ͷ˵Ҳǵùٶ죬Ҫ˻նɱһȡԴоĻȪ뵽һɬʱ˲䱬Ҫ˱ȴѾˡ
ǴͬԴϢĳͷȻ㣬Ȼֿ֮⡣ֱһ̣ǿ̧һ̧צȴ޼¡
ͷΪ޵оȻ̰Ŀ־֮⣬Ҳֻһ˲䣬һ˲䣬飬Ũ谭ӹ·һڶ
֮һöı֣Ѹٱһһжɢ·ͷ޴ûдڹ
ֵһͷ޵Ļһȫעǽ֮Уʹǽʤһ֣ͬʱͣὣɱ˹ȥ
һһ֮֮Щ޼״ҳȥһ׷ױˡֻһ˽һֶεʱѾǵĽ֡һһͷޱնɱӶᣬŲ̤׷һͷޡ
ննͷޣʣͷ޳ܱûʲô뷨ʱʩչȪһУ˵һʿһͷרɻ޵Ļޡ
Ӳˣ
һһЦ𣬴ƶݹ⣬ͬĩб׹ٴסһͷ޵ȥ·
Ҫ֪
ͷ֪޿ӣڽƴֶʹһһȪۻ࣬бȵϢķĳһŧը񶾵֭ˮ
Щŧ֭ˮǻΪڣҪԪӤܹɵĻȪ֮ˮһξܹݱ֮ϾֻǻȪ֮ˮҲܹܵĴڣһʹãȫҪȪ֮ˮСƴ޻Ҳʩչ
ֶǻˣ¼ҲҪ˱һ֡ƫƫһȪҪ⡮Ȫ֮ˮȻȲȪȴҲǾڣмô
Ҿˣ
һӽһָȪһƣȻͬȪ֮ˮһͬŻصǽ֮С
ɻ޺ͻȪ֮ˮʱһͷ˿ûоԮͬ˼ҲƵȥһʰ꣬عͷͲӰ
ʱһֱԹ۵ѩڷ˹˿һǽӹһ˿
һ״֪ѩڲ֮ʱûȫԸѩȴӲ磬̧һӣһ̳ϣָǻߵķ
û˴·Ҫʡˡ


һһ ޴ƻ
ĻһѺۼ档һСĺĻʮְдǿԼ֮Ļһ塣
һ֮һֽСĻϣһƬڸǷԲȻɲĻÿ㣬֮ǿȴҲͬС
һ׵£ֱֱСĻϡһͷǣֲֳָ棬ĿȴĺӴ˳Ӷֲ͵һӭײһըϯϰ
֮£һѽһӰ˳ǹĺӡֵ˵ʲôȫǲ֮⡣
ڿݣһȺһôˣո׼ʽˣ
һӿֻһ⣬ͨ尵׳ֳһ·ѪȾ죬Ű׹һײбŰζ
ڿݵĺæס´һۣѪȣѵһȺ˲ɡ
ѪȺٺһЦ¶ݣԼ棺ֻ˼ϸ۵Գ԰ˣĶżأ
ڿһ󲻺ÿһЩǺòչļƷ̰ԱǼ֪ʱеˣ
⻰Ѫһ˿ɵò״ǹطȻҪȥһ˻ȥҲ͵ˣȻһ治֪ôġ
ڿҡҡͷҲֻ֪ǼһһȺ֮ΨһӵģѡӦûдˣ֮ǰ˵ȥ˫еļһ˵˫вڣƺ˸ˣ
ŶȻд£ѪȳһٺЦ˫ǼһһȺʵͣɱҲҲЩ仯ˡ㣬ⲻʮˣѵʲôɫɣôڻûѹҪҪæ
㣡ڿݿѪһۣλεݣλ֪ҪˣҵѪʳԳԡ뵽ԼòŪôһȺˣá
ˣһȺֻһһʮѸ㡣Һгǲ󷨿ĥҲѵ˼ˣò˶þͻѹʱһܶЩˡ
Ѫȼ̲ô죬㳯ĻΧȥǺڿݿͷǵһصĻ֮Уٴζ
ȴ˵Ļ㣬һͷ޼ٷɴܣǾƺڶʲôһɹأۼҪڲ㰲ȫ֮صʱ򣬺һƽֱֱǰ浲סȥ·
˵Ӳ㻹ӣһ·ķϣʹģôĥˣƽ֮߳һһ˭
ͷ޼ʶһġСͽ׶ĴڣܣҲ᲻˼ûתһ׽ѩ˭ˡ
ʦ㣬㶯ֻҶ֣
ȻߵģȻ
ˣʦܾȴ֮ˣ
һ˵ţ˿ûȴ˼ֽǻ޷˹ȥ޼״岻ѣȻתͷͳѩķײȥȻѩôҪһöԸ
֪ļһ
׼֣ǻ޵ĶһȴͣǾʲôͷ޼״ԣȴҲϷŹλᣬһ˫ѩȥ
ѩȻмɱһԷ۵ͷϣҲ֮һ罣һֱšǻ޵ĽȻֹ
ɢȥͷ޻ѩףȻһһʱǼϳһѺۡһ죬ĩɢɢǰһ̣Ŀÿһ϶ǧϸϸۡ
˵Щ۶ڷ˲ɣмձһ뷢ܴﵽȳ̶Ȱˡֻѩڴ˲ںһȻĿһ
һͷһ£ǲ뱩¶ʵʵû뵽ʦǳ𣬿úúôòˡ
뵽һæתʦ㽣ʦ罣ҲǾĽѰ
ѩ˵ʲôһνֱֱһ˹һ״û˿ԾýͷŽһӳն˳ȥ
˲䣬һ֮һԭվһЦΪСɫû뵽ȻһãããûóѪʳá
ʲôˣ˵һѩԱߣ˳֮վʱ׼ֹ
ֻǽըɢİ֮߳һߴӰϲѪʳѪȡ


һһ ·
弶ޣ
Ѫ˿ûε˼һͬѩһ۾ͿݣͬʱһȻ˼һл֮еǿߣû뵽ô
ߣʲôޣ޻ʣ֮ʣЩĴڣǱʵѪʳˡ챾޻ãһᣬԼҳˣҲѰʹ죬򡭡ѪһЦɭȻ¶ζȻǲ
һ״üͷ΢壬ѩʦ㣬ͷʵңҪ֮¶ҪЩֶΣǴݾߣǰ¾ȲĪʦ֣ҲҪȥ
ѩȻ߰ȴҲ֪ػͷһĲ֪ʦкΰ취
һԣæԼ뷨֪Ϊֻ֮б·ͷʦ㽫ͷƾϢڻУҵĪʦٺ
Ʋѩðգʵϳ֮вŸΣѩ߰˹Ҳܹȫ
һҪðգѩü΢壬֪ԼһǡȪǽӽϢĽȫĻ󣬱ͬȻˣ˵ֻգʦСġ
˶Ʋ˲Ϣ֮飬Ѫ޻ʸ飬ֻ˶סͷЦѣ𵽵ȳ˭ζ
ȻϸƤӣ֮ǰԹĴֲڼһؿڸлò١ҿȳǸŮģŮ˳ſڻǳеģен
Ѫ޻ֹʱһѩͻȻˡ˸Զ⣬һ˪캮ѩذһ׹ƥ
Ѫ޻ʼ״мһ䡰ûȤҪ֣ˣ͵Ƿǰθˣƶ˫ֻצͷֻҡ
Ѫ޻ʿһѩȻЩֶΣ֮£һܻơ˭֪ոս֣һȶѣһɭͬʱûӦ죬޼᲻ݵ˫צȻһʹ÷顣
أ
צ֮ʹѪ޻ԭͨ˫۱ѪԣһŭĿˣһ𣬶צ䣬һ˫µģצӳ˫ϡ
ǾҶϱ޻ʵצӣءҪɱǣǣǿԼһ类˺ҧ飬Ҫʹ
ûܹ˺Ѫ޻ʵķŭ˲佫ûһٲȳ˭˭ĳ˹ȥһѩ˽һҲɵ𽣹⳯Ѫ޻ɱ˹ȥ
һɱһ𣬱⣬׹⣬⣬Ѫ⣬׹⣬֯һƬĻХӲŭ𣬿Хһ죬Ļըһ޷俪ȥ
Ѫ޻һҪٴ˽˭֪һѩȻһһҳ߷ȥ
״Ѫ޻ֻԾҪѡߡצܹ֮ô򵥾ˣһҪ׷ȥ
ֵֻǣһߵķǺĻģһûҲоѩĳȥ
ٺ٣ȻӵģֱѰ·ҵʡȳץס֮Ҫһ˺ѡ뵽Ѫ޻ٲѰ·һɭɭһЦͳѩ׷ȥ
ѩ𽣹һ·ɳۣѪ޻ʽһһ޲֪˶Զճ˻ĮѩȻٱӣסǵѪ޻ʡ
Ѫ޻ʼ״һЦСӣ֪Ӳ޻ʵ׷ڷˣѾˣ޻ʾҪ̵ֶν̳ԡ
˵ţѪ޻ٴοЦѣЦԲ֮ڵͬһ㣬׷رߡΨѩһƺûɱԣǻӽֱָѪ޻ʡ
Ѫ޻Ǳ˻Ȫޱۻ֮еĲ̱Űܿ־ζѩֻоɱ⣬û˿־壬ŭͬʱͷҲΪɻ
ѩϲԣһ˪Ⲫ罣Уһʱ䣬˷·һɵı˪֮ɭĹâѪ޻ɱȥ
Ѫ޻ʱǻɵ࣬ȴҲоʱѩĲͬͷԷųһӣҲȥ
ȴ˵һߣһ衮ȪɢǱĻӦûѪ޻ʵϢһ˿䴦ŨĻһ·ɢǿϢҲü
Ϊ޲ҰǿһЩˣû뵽оȻߴڣʮ£ȻĺۼãҲ֪ǲ̫֮ţǲ©Ϊá
˵䣬һȻһЦŨȥŴ·㣬ֱ̧һȪ˹ȥ


һһ մ
ޱߵĺĻ֮У˻ĴԼżл޴СĻ֮дܳȻͶһĻûа㶯
ʱһƬŨĻӵ𣬺ֳܿһطȥһʱһٴ䡣
ԭôĶӦúױνҶ֣һƬޱ޼ʵĻ֮бͲۣټ󷨵޻ʸָû뵽ȻлͬԴΪǱֶΣǷ˾衣
һƬ䵽һĽڵϣһ⻪֮ԳһĿ̧һӣһȪС֮䣬󷨣Լ֮еϢͨ׷״һԺ
ףҲٵģ̽һµʲôȻ֪Ͳô̡ͷһתһһüģͷֳһԡΪ峯̽ȥ
ȲٵãһҲ̸ƿһ󷨷ֺͬԴȪΪڻȴͷ䲢޹Ұ
֮УһһȴҲǧ֮һڡһݣ͵ؽͷͷŽ󷨿һš
ͬԲһ㣬ϰͨ·ݺύʮĽڵ䣬ڵ֮нΪҪнǧΪҪģҲΪҫ۵롣
һʮ۷·Ƕ֮е̫̫һ㣬ҫ󷨣ͨ˷ΪŦһĴڡ
һʮۣͷɵһ֪ʲôʮ弶ĻޣҲ޻ʵĴڡ
ʿӲƴһλ޻ʣǲģսʤ֮޻ʣֻԱܣ޻ʣܶܣֻԱתʮ޻ʵ棬˵תѾǺˡ
ģôô޻һ𡣲˵޻ʼĻ޶Ƕжһӳʮͷ޻ʣʦסһͷʮͷ޻Ҳǹһˡˣˣܼܲˣ罫Īʦ־Ϊ
˶뷨һСͷ㣬һΪ٣ֱڽ򸽽Ľڵ̽Ѱȥ
ڵ֮ƺǻޣǷӡȻ÷ӡֶޣҿ˼䵽ʲô飡
ͷһһĻǺĻڵ֮У׾ٵͻƽȥݳʶ׾Ͱ˺Ļ֮ԭһСĻ֮оȻʮЩ붼ǶʿֻΪߣǿһҲֻжΪ
˳ԾǣǶʿƽһˤڵأ˫Ŀշ·ʧһԾں¶ҪΪʬһתΧЩˡһȦڿԭǵϢѪ궼ӡһ
תʱʱ̶̿ǵֻǴʱյǻܹάֲһȫǵĶѪ⣬ǣ궼ҪΪƷ
գһΪһԻΪԴȪû뵽Ȼ˼Ʒ˵һж˵ͨˡǰٻŵĵգĪʦҲסֻ޻ʼĴڣҲֻ󷨲ҪרץˡҲ֪ĪʦɻãֻǿϧЩѾȫ֮У϶ΪһȻԽȣȳҲǻˣһп󷨣ޡ˷͵ʴס
ǰΪһһһһ˿ͷ˺һͷСĻ֮˳ٳһڵ㱼ȥ
ʱ䣬һ̽ǧڵ㣬ٶСĻȴǳԾķ֣Ļ֮бס˳ʿЩʿɻħ࣬ΪҲѰԪӤûмһȻǱץһԴȪ
ЩȻҲ磬һҲֻһˣܹ˳־֮֮˳ֱɲȵĴڡοʱԼÿһıҶ˼
̽鵽ǧʮĸڵʱת׼ʱȻǰδеæݳʶ̽ȥһ˿ŰϢѹһϢһ˿ͷֱӾ֮ܽ顣
סһѹһٴεݳʶգŸоǱŰۻϢ֮£һϤѹ֮£ڲϵţ׼ӿȵı
ǣ֮顣
һ΢΢һֳһ˿ϲϢȻѹţӹɣĪеģԦͳ׵Ϣ


һһ Ӧ
ҵˣ
һǹһ˿ǳЦҲջͷͽһƬ㳯̽鵽ĺĻƮȥΪСģٶȲѸ٣㻨㹦һСĻǰ
ʱǺڿ޻ںĻ֮ϣ俴ſǷƣƺʱȥһµ뷨
ϢǺ弶֣֮еĻߣһ㶼ǰһͷ˴󷨺ĵشײҪлע⣬ʱôĶ֪ӦڸĪʦֽϾһʦϵϣȻһӦϣ֮¾㲻ܽҲһֲܹ˷ܳ˻Ѱҵѻ
ע⣬һҲԳ壬ֻ䵽档˼һ˲ǵͷϵϣϲķͷԦ˽ȻĻ֮У޻ʵļӳ֣ܹԻȴȽٶǰꡣ
һļӳ֣ԭѸٵĽʮ·һͷĴɽ״Խͷܳɵı档Ϣ㳹͸Ļ֮С
һĻ֮еľȴǲͬȽʶһȺݺݺŮӡԼĪжʮˣһò·Ů·
ֻǻŸƶڵءЩ˿û¶˥ǸʩչֶΣˣڻ׼һЩֶΡ
һȺŮ֮УĶǽڣǿһȻӵԪӤΪȴҲŮ֮صģɫ԰ףһͷڷԳѩ˿ȻǱԪܵ𺦣һ̶Ӱ
ŮӣһҲϵãǰٻų̡ԪӤڵӦ緢жʱȴĶһӣƾһֵ֮޻ʵĪ
ʱĪ֮ϣƾն˫״һȭͷСӨ͸˸׹𲻶Ưţȫ鱦顣
鱦飬ĪͬԴӦñ˴ʮϡ֮αŰҲһɽݶ֮˵οʹ˲һֱ֮ǰķɵ״
Ī軨ѿ๤ڽ֮֮ǿȻҲͬ죬㱻ѹƣܹĺڿ޻ʶһʤ̵ֻ˵ĵǣĪǿҲֻһˣŸʮҲһأǾʮ˵ˡ
ʱԭƴĪǷʲôһ̧һץһСֵ˲䣬ᶨϹһ˿Ц⡣
ԭˣǺãʦ˵
ĪԹԵＸ֮󣬿ʼ·ŮʶЩŮһԾĿĪһۣǴɻ󣬵ȴ˿ˮȻЩʱգĪʩչֶȷʵ塣
ЩŮ̵ָ֮£ܿһһ뽿֮󣬷תʹݺᣬȻһķ
һУĪ˵ͷƾջһ׷ϣȵ飬ͬɣ
˲䣬֮еĪ깵ͨߺΪһ壬ﵽһ˱һľ磬һִϢĪͱϴСĻԴ֮أ֮ڤڤڹ
Ǻڿ޻ʿ䣬ͷϢֻǰͬٺЦţ뵽ӡ֮еӦòˣôκѰʶдӳ֣ҲܼôãҲΪṩԪˡ
ʱһԭӦͬµһȴһڴС׹ֱֱ
ڿݿŲɻΪ׹ٶûм⣬ǴСԶǰ֤ʵΪĪĲ롣
Ļڵò׹ʱһ˿ע⡣׹⾹ȻǴĺɫںɫ׹ԵմȾɫ⻪
Ǻ׻ףһɴٽн˳¡
Ц䣬ڿֲͳ׹ȥһ˲䣬ԭڵϷһ˿죬Ÿֲ˵׹⣬ǲ˼飬Ϊһ׹֮ǿڹȫеֵסĸо
ʱһƬƮƽں˵ʱ̡ڻƮʱ򣬺⻪һ˸ŻɫĽֱɱ
䣬ڿ޻Գ弶ֵֶΣһӶңɣһҷſֲ棬ƥľ˹ȥ
һǺ޶ȻΪ۲ʩչȫ֮ǿԪӤֱ·Ҳֵס˲ͱƬ֮
ֻǾںڿ׼ȥͦס׹ʱһӻ֮ɱ


һһ Ȫ
ΪԷһڿ޻ʷջƣæڶȥһһ޶һľ顣ֻǾ׼ٴջƵʱ򣬵֣ǵĵ˲䣬ǧǵصĳ֣ϢһģһǻȪ
ڿ޻ʻԼˣͱÿˡ콣⣬ŭһСһһˣһɹɻᣬһģһĴƳ콣ץȥ
ڿ޻ʱǻɣͳֶθ߳ޱȡ˵֮УΪ۵ĴڣִǿÿһƵֵϽ۷壬ԪӤһ
ֻһϵĴ죬һ׷ը飬ƬžӨ⻪ɢɢ»ع󡣿һУڿ޻ʽȴڸӦ㶯ΪѾȥһСͽ˻ȥ
ʱһƬƬ֮дһһ⻪谵Ľ˳ֱֱɱ˹
ʽҴĿȡ
ڿ޻һһӡǽȥΪѹ׹⣬һûʹ֮ǿҲȵǰĵˡ
ۼƽӣ谵⾹Ȼ˲٣ǲڽǰֽģû赲ƣǱһ˲ǽֱ̺ڿ޻ʵŶȥ
ڿ޻ʱһ𹥣뵽ʵʵ֮ɱСҲ޻ʸ֣һƻצץȥٶ֮죬ȻץڽϣǽҲ˿Ѳá
һߴһĮ
ڿ޻ʻΪԼû̽鵽˶عȴоԼץסǽ⣬һҩͰһڵ⣬ʱҪȻը
ãмƣ
ڿ޻Ҫſȴ仯һԭֵ֮Ļתһ֣һɫӽסһը촫ԭߴСĺɫ˲ʮһƳϡ
Ȼɹס˽ⱬըԭȫѹ֮ȴ궯һ˿ɢĻ֮ϣԭĺĻȻɢһ֡
ˣ͵͵ҳ
ڿ޻ϵŭɶˡһϧĻ𶯣ޱӡ˷ȥ
ӡ޻ʱĻɣ֮ǰͬն֮ŷ׷ը飬Բ֮ڣȻһ˿ܹڵĵطһӰӻ֮߳һ˭ˡ
޻ʣʵ֮ǿջɣһǹһ˿Цڿ޻˿˵ĻᣬһתȪɱ˹
ڿ޻û뵽˼䣬ⳤ֮оȻͬԴĻȪһ㶣ܿͻָ޻ʱɫһֲ棬ס֮һֻƳһĻ
֮лȪ˾أ
һһͽȪľʩչ콣ӰһǵĻȪڶȥ֮ɣʹýڿ޻ϣһɹɳˢɣÿÿһ˲ʹ϶ȡྫĻȪ
еȱ仯ڿ޻ľѡȻһΪһΣʱЩֵסĸоǶԷʹֶΣȻܹͥ񣬾ȻӲѹסôʱĶԸ
ôܣһ飬ȻܱһóʹȻ⣬˳֮£ֵܹסѵҪгæɡһСˣæûеλպ¶ҪǡƴһƴһѣҾͲôܹ󷨶
⣬ڿ޻ϼһ˿֮ɫŭһȫӲֲעһʱӡ֮˲˫ƻצһһ³һȪץ
ڿ޻ȫӴޱƣ֮ǿһӾͷ̣ͬ׽һȪסȻûܶɱȴתϷ硣
ڻȪ֮еһǵûоɥǹһ˿ЦĴָһһϸСĻȪϸӺڿ޻˫צɢȥ·Ļϡ
ߣҪƾʹ󷨣Ӧϣֳ֧롣ӱ޻ʰ£޻Ҫʲôʹ࣡
ڿ޻Ц߶ʩչʤһһ˫צͳȪȥȪһĿ֮£ޱȣҲɹ۴С
׼ʩչǿֶΣһٻɱһʱһͷŷų֮ԵήоȻٴιĳһֱǺĻС


һһ ӲӲ
ڿ޻û뵽ǰǿһ֮֮оȻһ֮ҺɲɣȫԸһʱ򱬷һעǵ͵ֵסǺĻҪ˺ƣ˷ų
뵽Ǳ˳ԼҪЦһӣڿ޻ĺáҲҪӳֲָ棬ֵһȴķ֣ԭת⣬ʹָ۵ȻҲղ
תͷȥŷ֣ԭסĻȪȻ䵭ɢȪϾȻմȾһööĶЩһĻ
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ڿ޻ŭʹ𶯣ǽͬƹ֮һζ˦ֻһ㱻
ʱһ֮ԳӰ̧ŲһϣԴмĿ˵޻ʴ˲Ҫ֪ʲôʹôΪôżջѵûɡ
ζôǡɣڿ޻ȻһΪܹĪϵѾˣԼơΪ޻ʣȴмֶԸһֻһŭץǻ͵һʱ籬ŨĻӿȥ
ڿ޻һֶ䱣һѽֶøɴ࣬һҲһܿͷӦͷһʹСȪЩһϢʱ䣬ڿ޻ջ˴󲿷ֻҲԼĪɻȪɡ
Ž֮гӯĻֻһԼѾﵽͣҲ˷ѣǽ֮Сǽ֮ԭʹﵽԪӤķȻ̶ʱͳԪӤڣԪӤڣﵽԪӤڣһϳ
һĻڿ޻ʾĪûʲôֶܹôܹѸٵǿĿǰǰҪǵֵ
ֻҪסһĪܳʱͿڳ㹻ǰϷŪ˸Ūܡ
ںڿ޻ʳһǽĻᣬҪȥֵʱһȴ洫
޻ʴˣͣɣ
һڶͻأĳ֣ԭӦ޻󷽵һг֣һЦĿźڿ޻ʣпһȻǷʹǽ
ҹ
ڿ޻ȻԾһĿռͨȴϾʹֹŭһ˫ٴĳһȴǻȭͷצӡһȥһǼһ֮ǿ֮ǰĻ
һޱȣڿ޻ʵ뷨ҪһءҪԼ˳ͨ֯¡˭֪ԭһֱԿһȴվ֮ҲԳ֮ǰͬĹ
һ˫󶯸ֽ֮нתԭԿ̶ڽ𵤺ͽɷϵĽ׷׷ɳ⣬ҫƽ⣬ͬһ㣬໥Ӧ֮䣬·𹹳һƥĽ
һͺһдϽⲪ˲ڶལٴδﵽ˼ΪΪˣ˽һľ硣˫ǰһϣнҲ˲£һޱ߽⳯ڿ޻ʴ˹ȥ
һڿ޻ʵһԹͬʱʹ˾һޱ߻羪κˣһɭȻɽһ֮ǿԲ֮ڻɢҲܵˣԷ˰ɲͣһǶԹĽȻǴһƽ֡
Ű֮һڿ޻ǲ˼顣˵ǱȼıȻҲϹεԹοֻǶԷƻˣһʵʵĶԲûаɾ˾Ȼƴһʤеúڿ޻ʾ㵵˵
һ˲䣬ڿ޻ʾͻָֻǿһѲǿʲôС飬СɫǿͬԴٴе
Ļһ壬ڿ޻ʣ㵽һλʣȻҶ˴һʵѵûһΪֵô
һᣬҲýͣȻһЦֵԭǺڿ޻ʣʧʧҲС䣬ҲҳݣǰֻΪһѰˡ
ѣڿ޻һ㶣ȻΣȴۻɣûͷֻв̣ɱ¾棬֮ͬҲֻ棬ûѵĸ
ҲɻͷһתһЦҲʲôҿ㻹ȥ޻ʣʱ˵ѣҲҪ
һĿ˺ڿ޻һۣһЦڿ޻ʣû뵽㻹ˣթˣҲ˵һ˵ˣһβҪߣǻҪһߣ


һһһ 
һ䣬һըڿ޻ʾһʲôǵԴɫԣֱֱ
һǺڿ޻Գ֣ȻֵܹǽƾĻķ֮͸ֲ֮йעһ涼ֵס
ڿ޻ŭһҪȥһοáһһٴֱӶϣǿһһʽʮǿһƴһν֡
ȴһһ˭ҲӮ˭һܽڿ޻ʴˣڿ޻Ҳͨķߣ˿νֲ¡Ⱥڿ޻ʵķŭУһȴԵɲ٣Ǵһ˿Ī΢Цʤȯһ㡣
ڶ͵ƴһ֮󣬸Էֿߵʱ򣬽Ѿȫ¡ڿ޻ǰõĸֲ˲䶯һڹӭȥ
ֻһĪͬ鷢֮ǿ˲䴩ֲķ䵽ֲˣóǰһķӡԻΪһ˲һߵˮ׼
ꡱһ죬ֲܲסѹԭʵıԳƣںڿ޻ŵ£ֱֲӱ飬ÿһ綼飬Ƭ˷ȥ
ǸֲҲһֻû˵ļӳֵ֣ܹڿ޻ȻûʿֶΣȴҲ˸ֲó⣬飬ҲˣʹһһŧѪһĻ˳
һĪӦϵıΪˣЧɣﻹƬ̳ɣֳһͷĪƽĻЦһȫﵽԪӤ۷ǽջأ㳯ڿ޻ɱȥ
ǰһһ޶õʱ򣬻ܶһ˳һȻռϷ磬⽣Ӱ׷£ڿ޻ʴñͷܣֻ޻ʸ֣һֶ£ҪʱȴҲǲܡ
ڴͬʱڽͷ£ԭܴĺĻȻд֧֣վֻƬ̾ͳױ飬ɢȥԭԳһȺӰĪԼһȺŮӡ
һڿ޻ĪɿĴǳˣԼս֮СĪֱ̧ǧɺ˷ڿ޻ȥԭæҵĺڿ޻ʸǱѡ
˿һԵһĪıһҾʦܣлˣ
һ״Ҳϻֻǻصһ񣬱Լ뷨ĪҲٴζԺڿ޻ʷ
һȺһ׷죬໥ֱ֮˵޷죬գۼ䣬ǻܱĺڿ޻ʱǱˣ
ʱԭתϽɱһͣĪ΢΢üĪʦ֣οնɱ˴ˣͨӦ弶Ϣ߽ӽ⼸ͷ޻ʡ
ͷ޻ʣĪҲ
ʮͷ޻һͷʦȥһͷ⻹ʮһͷûг֣ͷ޻ʸϹͲ֪ͷ޻ڻǲڣʲôʱˡ
һｫĪϣû뵽ˣһжʦܰűǡ
һҲõָȨæԼʵֲú뷨ĪһĪڣæʾͬ
һ˲䣬ڿ޻ʲ֪ȴҲо޻ʵĿֶֻ˱Ƽˣƴɱﲻ˵
Ķƻ󷨣ųˣ޻Ūӡãܺã޻Ҳʲôˣˣǽ׽սһ飬̳ԣҪȾǵĻǣ׹ó
ںڿ޻ʻʱһĪ׼ѾãĪ״䣬г޾׹磬׷ڿ޻ܵ·߾
һֳǽƾնۿһУҲֻ̧֣󶯡ȪĽһȪϢɢͬʱɢȥʮǧ֮ڡ
ԭͷ۶޻ʽӵڿ޻ȵźƬҲͣҪӽ֮ڵʱһ˿Эĸоͬʱӿͷ
һȫںɫ֮е޻޻죬ԭ򾲵һã˭˭ƻ֮ԴٶȾȻ֮죡
·ӳ仰ǽһСĻȻըֳֻЩԭǻ˵Ķʿͨ·ħһ׷˷ɱȥ·谭ƴײȥƺ


һһ ıƻɱ޻
һĻͷ޻ڵΪǺ޻£˫⣬һ̧ץҪתѹЩˡ
ֻҲͰˣһ֣ԭѸٵըǿǾĻ֮·ȼһըҩԭѹĺĻ׷ըеҪڵҲըؽڵĻҲЩ˺
⵽ô£޻Ҳɻæѯʡ
޻͵תͷĶסʵ޻ʣô
ͷ޻Ȼ֣ͬȴƺ޻ΪɵæҡͷҲ㣬ʮ޻ʺŲóӣȻƻΪ죬ȻҪˡ
޻ʾȻͨݵĳ޻ʣ⻰ͷŭһң˭һƻ󷨣ȻõʲôҲֶʮָ߳ԲЩĶʿܹŪóġ
ǶʿѵǱ岻ɣһͷµ޻ԴϷʵЦ
ⲣҲҪƣȻ֪ʾ͸ˡǿ֪ΪʲôǰҪټô㵽ڶʿǻһ֮һµЩȻ󣬵ʵȴһͬСɣǻ֮ǰİ취Ϊ˵ǻһҪ
⻰޻ʳһⲶĬһλ޻ʺڵȻ˼ǣЩƻЩɵô
Щˣʲôʿܹƻҵ󷨣ֻû뵽ǾȻܹϢǱôƻ޻Ŀ˿ƻ󷨣Թĺ⡣
ȻͣҲ֪ػ㿪ڵȻˣ˵Ǹô죡
һҽǱΪڿڵķȻѶţٽ󷨸ӦƺǻռϷ磬Ҳùܣȫס󷨣ЩץȥУң֣²ǴΣ
⻰޻ʷ׷׵ͷǣڳ޻ʵķֹ֮£׷׳˷ȥֹƻȥˡֻǲ֪⿴ȫļƻȴúڿ޻ʸĴۡ
ȴ˵һȲõֶΣôѸٵıƻĿֻΪһʱ䣬ٹԮ޻ʣ˵ѡ˭֪޻ʶȥȻûǰʱԭļƻͲɵıһ䡣
Īʦ֣֪Σ
һ仰νԼ࣬ĪԶʱǰһæͷû뵽ôõһʲôҪһ⼸ķӡ֮أ
ãȻˣǾʦֲҪˮ
Ȼ
˲͸ı˼ƻʱǺڿ޻ʵٲǳ޺񣬷ǿʲôһǺڿ޻׺˹Ҳһ
Ȼȷ¼ƻֶ̾вͬԭһһ򻻳ɶͬʱ𹥻֮콣ַԭǱĺڿ޻ʴήҲֻҲӣֻӲĿţȴңңڵľԮ
ʱ䣬ڿ޻ԭŨĻѾϡĲӣҲΪͷ̫ԵøӵΨ
һһƾ󷨸оȲõƻѾʧ˵޻ʾͽǰĪһ񣬶ͬʱᡣ
ͷһ󹥻֮󣬱ֻͣźڿ޻Ӵܡ𷢾һɹʼ
ڿ޻ʼΪԼӵһͷѹʱҪԼһ
Ȼ˲꣬ʶǱԶʹȥڿ޻ʹķҪΧӳȥֻһĪƣͽˣιƻҲֻͽ͡
һĪѳɣɢѹ˷ѹʹľĺڿ޻ͬһѹſڵϡ
ʱ򣬺ڿ޻ҲָʲôԮͷߣԹ޽֯쳤Хܣ޻ʣлߣô׾䣬Ҫ̳ǣҪɱǣҪ죡
˵䣬һǿӺڿ޻ĺģԴ֮зųıȻҪﱬըֵһ
һǹһ˿Ц촽΢谭Ӻڿ޻ʵ壬ֱͶڡ
ԭĺڿ޻ʺͬѼӱסһһͣŻȻɢ»ڡ
ʱһĪĹѾʼ׹ȻۺΪһͷ


һһ ӳ

϶Ĺڿ޻ҪۼѾֻٽЪ˹ıźֻźܿûں֮С
Զǧ֮ͷ޻ýԼֵ󷨣Ҫڿ޻ʷϹȴڵһʱоԾ
޻ԭƽ˲üһӶңƬҲͣͳڿ޻ڷɱȥ
༸޻Ҳܿ׷ʲôȻһ˽һϵƣӦڿ޻Ϣ˲˥䣬ͷ˷ŭĸоһٲѸٷɶݶ𣬳ⷽ
һĿ˿ͷ޻ʱķ򣬵˵Īʦ֣һȷʵЩ޻ˣ
ĪһǼˣ̫󣬷ʦֽɱˣջȻС
һͬĵ˵ͷʦ˵ǣǻǽͷ޻ʶ˸ɣ
Īͷһãݹ嵽·ܿҽһڿӵڲŤţŻǱ˽ɱĺڿ޻ʣ˷ŵĴܹҲȫָ
һʦôʱ䣬һʦɣһһ·ɢպڿ޻ɢĻһ⵹Ҳû̫뷨
Ҳãⶫ˿ʦˣξΪʦñˣ
Ī˵ţֱ̧һö飬ָһǶ֮Уһը죬һҲƮɢֻһںʯͷ˸ŽĹ
Ԩ֮
һһ۱ϳⶫһƷ䱦ϣ鱦ҲԵϵĴڡ֮һ㲻µѪ񣬱Ѱ鱦Ƭֺ
ĪҲǴɳȻϵⱦֻ鱦Ҳ̰ͼУ˿׸һʦһΪҲûʲôöͽ軨׷˰ɣ
һڸֲ󣬼Ī׹Ҳл⡮Ԩ֮һ֣һ鶯ĸоƢһֲϺͱҲ̾һãԼܹǽ֮Уԭʮǿǽһܹһء
Ԩ֮һͬĪͬʱоһǿڷɿӽƬҲͣݹѸٳȥ
뿪ʮϢλ޻Ⱥˣһƻ󷨣Լ֮ûаϢ⣬϶һ˿ŭ
˭Ȼڿݶɱˣѵ˵˲ɣڿϵͬ˱ɱȻŭѡ
ϢȻЩƣǶӦþˣҪˣɫҲʮֲÿĿһۣͷ֪ʲô
ˣһҪǵлǸߣһҪʬΣŭһͷ޻ʾͳһĪ׷ȥ
״ȻⲣԷȴƻ֮еһɴʧҲһ޻׷ȥ
һͬĪһ·ۣɳĻģΧŷһȺŮӺƳϻ뼸ͷ޾оԽ׷Խ޻ʣǶ˵ʩչֶΣǱɱ˼ͷ¶ݹһŮӱ㳯汼۶ȥ
ԭ˶ݹٶȱͷ޻Ҫһ֣ȴһ㡣ۼ޻Խ׷Խܹоɢ壬ˣЩŮɫÿ
һüͷһ壬ҪǷҪýӿռŮʱһըԭ׷ϲͣͷ޻ʺͣȻ֪׷ʲôһĪοϷŹᣬȫͳȥƬ̾ͷɳ˺ĻΧæʩչֶϢɱᡣ
ȴ˵ͷ޻ͣ½Ų໥ţǾ֮ɫΪģֻΪźڿ޻ʱҲһը죬һֻ˵һͷ޻䡣
һ˭Ⲽҧгݵѯʳ
β𻰣ĵ˵һѪȣ
ʲôѪȣмǷ֮ɫһͷ޻ʶͬˣһʵǿ󣬿պ֮еĵλҲ󽵵ͣūۡ
뵽ܷ޻˫۶ðһҪٴ׷ȥһȴס
أѵҪҲɱ˲ɣ޻ѾŭˣһԲϴֵļơ
ⲣҪϻҪѰҲ㣬öԷɱڿݺѪȣѵûɱô˵ȥ
޻ʵ˵ţ֮͸һɭȻͿ϶˼޻ͷҲͰˣ޻ȴѵģ뵽ֿܶ˼ƺҪ޻ʻϵԸۏ˻ˮ


һһ 仯
ԭ׵޻ͷҲһ£ܿ콫ͷѹµĿ˳޻һۣø£ѵڿݺѪȶ˲ɣ
޻ǳɫ֮дһЦ˾ˣǴĶǵԼˣôȣѵƴΪǱ𲻳ɣΪ֮ȻǷнȹ̣©֮˺ͶʿֹǱôĶ֪
ޱûиԣ޻һպ÷棬ͷ޻ͷⲼ״֪Լȥòͷί߱ʾͬ⡣
ɹʶ޻ٲ׷һǣ޸󣬶޻ԼΪɣȥֻ޻ʷغġ
ڿ޻ĵط޻䲻ʲôȻͣԭرĪĺĻڣ̧һץһöʯ
޻ʯΣֻ⻪תһһϢܳоĻĽľϢһǿơ
ףЩȻڲͬȻ󣬵֪Ǳɱ޻ʡֶ붷ʿУﻹһһ֮֮ǰòûдΪֻ֮ϣܹմͨ½ռˡ
ЩϢ޻˺ܶ࣬ݺݵʯһҲ󷨺ķȥ
ȴ˵һĪ˷ɳĻĮ֮Уɱãֲûл׷˿һ·˼Ƕ˶ˣŵ׷ʲôһѡ
Īʵĺ⣬һЦŵ˵ͷʦæˣǰӪȵʱһͷ޻ʵ·ʱʦ·ʦס޻ʣǰӪȡ
Īһ˼ЦһԭˣʦùȻʵȺȻһ˽޻նɱһǶҪлˡ
һͷʾͬʱʲôּ䣬һӰǰĹһֱӿռĻ˿
˿ʱתãһͿĪԭһ˿У˿ȴ˺ϼ¶ѵõɬˣ˿ҲƲǰһ򸣵˿лĪϾ֮ԼӪȱųϵӵĶ£˿Ｐû
ĪԿνѣǶԻ˿Ҳ¶ӣǺһЦʦòˣʦֵƣãƽ۽̣㻽һǡǰӪȣӦְ֮𣬻ʦòض񡣡
˿ﱾһֱĪ棬һĪľٶȴͷòжĪⷬһ˫һۣڿڵˣСöлĪˣ
һ硯٣Īνͷ죬һһҲΪ֮õĽչΪˡ
ʱҲ˽ЯҲųǼһĪ˿νǾηмӣæлжһ˿Уһ꺮ůȻơ
һ֮һ֮£ǰȥѩϡ˲ãڻĮһǷѩĴڣʱڵϢԱʮ֮ڶŨֻûϢȻ޻ʱնɱ֮ɢ
֮䣬˫˵ȷȻѩѪ޻նɱŰ֮һĪæлᡣ
ǲ֪ǣѩһĪ˾ȳɱһͷ޻֮ȻʾͷȴʮֳԾһĿһݸı䡣
һڣ˶Ĳ٣Ծ͵ڱϢһȴǶһЩĻ⡣
ܹĿԽ֮áȪһɻĲ䣬ǽеġȪҲﵽٽ㣬ֻһͿͻԪӤˮ׼Ϊˮ׼
һһҹŻָ˴롣ֻǴ˵رͲ˾׼λãȷ˴ǳιܹһĮ󣬱ȷ˷λ
һٶһתӳ֣ٶȶֻҹڡ˳ƣȻһŮݺݺۣȴҲ˳Ļصʿá
һαһֱլӲĻ뾹Ȼ٣һҲ˳ݾ͸ٻŵһȺŮӰʱݺס˺Īѩл˿һ·ڣƽµˡ
ΧһƽˣþȻʮͷ弶ĻޣһһѳʱڵðβŻָ
˻ָһſڵȥʱ䣬ҵȻصʿʱȴоʲôԾ֪ʲô仯
ԣ̾ƽ¿ڵֲ֪ȥȻգ˼仯ȴǳϣ


һһ ձ
һ̸֮˶ͷ˼ûзһͬûһû˿ȥٻһڵӺͳϣԼȥ
̶̲ʮյʱ䣬ѩһսɱޣ󣬾ɱ޻ʡһ黻һضһܹ
춨˵мܹ֮򣬹ʶԽָ࣬ԽһûᣬȻܷŹһʱ
֮⣬СȪںǽ֮Уﵽһƿ״̬ܹͻƣĲ˵ͽϣȻܹвСߣܹʵ档
ʶһһչؾʮʮҹõʮһյ峿ѾȻôʱıչزʹͻʲôһȴҲǳ
ʱһѶһǹһ˿صЦݣ˵ͷĻҪҵҪδá
ʿô֮Уʧղһ³ڱϡֻǱƽյ緢յԵñ꣬ԳŭһԵĸ˶ҽӽһСˣûкùӳԡ
붢Ŵſ˰ΣûǰŭˣҲȥôôȥѵ˵Ļƨ㲻ϲɣ
⻰һڶභʿҽӻͷǸ޼βòӲͷƤǰҵѾǰȥǣֻǻػ˵ڱչأͣԡ
չأͣߣ֪ôڱչأʲôأϷȥ֪ʲôüë
һӾվǼƣҪȥһӡֻǻû߳ڶһӰڴǰԴ˵֪ôĻҪ˭ĳæΣһ
Ƣܹ꣬סһ֮£Ϊѹϣгһֲڣһܹסˡ
һǰ뵽Լ֮бѹεĽ뱦ͷаҴܣһ뵽ʣһ뱦ٱһ١һ뵽أͷŭϨһ˿Դĵ΢Ц
˵Цˣ˵˭ǸղǷҪ飬ûð˼
һʮѸٶˣϤƢ˶ľ㵵֪ĸֻ߲úЦѣҿڣֻܽЦͷ
һҲڴˣ߽Уѡ˽λλ£ڵææǰǴа˼Ĳ֪ɷͨһ˵ţһĴָʳָһ飬˼
״¶һ˿εĿЦһ뵽һ֮⣬նɱӦȡٱﻹûиˣ֣ͷϼ£һνǰȴҪ֪йأԲò㻽𣬴бչأȻҪ貹
һʹ죬Ҳթ΢΢һЦ˱ãֻǲ֪һʲô飬ѵ߲ټɣ
ҡͷ߲ټǵǺˣǾŲټҲλϻ£һε鲢ǿʵܹһСģλͬ½ˡ
һŶһ˵Ȼ飬ȻˣǾ˵
·ǱͷЩգԴһ֮Ǿ˩һϵƣҲֻܲ̾һԭί˵һ
µĸԴ˵Ҳ򵥣Щ˵齥ɢȥ˻룬Щ⣬ͨʿ֪ǵĴڡʵ±ܺô˫йͬǽɱޡʿ붷ʿãҺĻҲͷƽ˾ˡ
¾ͻѲ⣬ͬһ飬ͬвͬ뷨ʿ½һЩҰĵ˿˻ᣬټһַʿĸ߲þֱ仯
ԭãȻ֪ǶʿĿԽӸӣδã֮֮ԭ붷ʿóΪʽƣǽ֮вȫЩһֱ˴µʱ䡣
Ϊһ˽ùϵˣȻ֮֮һĲ˵һƽݡν²ˣƺ⣬Э֮ȴóһĽ
ǱνѡԵʹʿǶʿһ飬жǷвжûв֮󣬱㽫ȫձ࣬һ֧µĶ飬ڶʿ֮⡣


һһ ڻ
ΪһõͷĻȻǲϡһľȻв˵Ұģһ濴ȷʵ½кôڼϸ߲ʩѹǱҲòִС
Ϊ֪ͨһǰȥݸбжΪľͻᱻձΪµ֯Ӵ֮ʿûйϵ
һУһڡЩʵʹƽ˿е֮ԵȴڣʵڵȻ룬׿˵е֪һЩڲ
˵һУȻͷȴƺ˼֡ϾһȻ洦վʵǿ·⣬˵мܲס
һûлظ˼һæڵϣ֪ΣȻԸȻòԳ϶½飬жһؾܹͨġ
һЦһ֪һܹͨǲָͨõε˵
⻰ֻЦһЦôأǶͨûͨˡ
һԲûЦ˫΢УĿ˻һۣûֵͨΣ
һҲЩ飬ϵ񣬵һμ棬¶Ĳܽı顣֪һ⻰Ц뵽ͨǺأͷһ¡
ȥɣæֳ֮һ˿һ˼ŵѾˣҲûʲôˡ²ûô򵥡ʿɻħܹͨһεж֮С
һȵþ仰飬ԾŶһȻд£˵Ҫһָ̡
̾һȻ˿ڣûʲôòŵģһԼ֪˵˳һ֮Դٳձʿԭ򣬳ʿ⣬л޵Ĵ󶯾
ԭһС޳֮½ŴĶʿ÷׷׷ֻ޵춯ԭݷĻ޶׷׳ǰһرĵطۼ
Ѩ֮ܵ½ϵĻͱȶʿࡣֻǳΪױʿƣûгִ⡣ֻۼڸһرĵط˶ˡ
мڴˣ߲׼̽Ϣһн𡣶ʱʿĴñճ̡һΪ˱סԼһΪ˼СǲŴ⣬Ϊ˺ձʿʵĿʿǰȥȷ棬׻иʣǾǡڻҡ
ҲˣȻҪʿһжʵϲǺûǻᱻȥڻңڻȻԽԽãԲлһһܹͨ˵
˵꣬СĵĿһһۣû𻰣㿪ڵϷһް㱣֪ο
һһԴЦȻʵˣȻ鶼˵ĳǸмֻû뵽Ϊ½ƴƴͷȴڻң˺ģȻˣһʲô뷨ֻˡ
⻰ͬһ㣬糺죬һͷЩˣһæ͵ϲҪ˵ˣҲûģϲԸУȴǿԵֻҪǶȹһȥΣ
һȻ񱻱ƣҲϴôһɱ޵ĺûᡣο֪νȺҲǰôһ
˵ʱ֮иʮͷ޻ûе룬һȺ˼ʿĲ˵ԭӢĽһȺˣ㹻ֵͬ޻ʣ˵ܻ˸ִڣ׼˭˭Ӯһ
οŸоЩԾȻ֪󣬻Щ޻ʣܹ½Щ߲ô򵥣ƺʲôΣ档ֻŸΣǲ棬Ըܾȥ
һ̾һ˰ֵˣҲû˼ˡҵȱǣȻǲģҵҲԹۣοжǳɹˣ֮ѣҲ߲ƴһɣ
뵽һ̬ȾȻתһʱҲ֪ôظֻ㶵ĵ˵ͷһƮȻȥֱһžᱻһ׳һ䣺Щ͵ת
˿Ĳϣ೬˽٣ĺϵ뵽һ˾ҪսڻңͷҲһһ߰εߣһ߰ȥȥˡ


һһ ·
ΪϽ֮һݸںӳȻͬѰǽʮɣɣ˷Բ֮ءʷϲ֣ǻ޹ûƳǶļ¼ν۳һ
һգӳһƽ΢ͬıƽվ;ŵĶʿиʾ˵׼ɱޣԵȻǰġֻƽ֮ҲϢͨģʾ֮󣬷׷׽˵ϢŪһ
˵ô˵⼸ҪһĶʿǰݸ˵Щʵǳ֮ǿϴ߲ټʱɱ˲ٻأ
ߣϢ˵ġڶʿõĽ˵ˣЩ˲ǱĶʿĶʿЩ˶ʮʵĶʿһԱһСسǰ
ȥȥȥٸпʲôЩ˸ͲǶʿǽʿ˵ˣǵģһξܸձ࣬Ϊȥɱ޵ġ
ߣǣ˭֪ûаģ˵Ǹһģɱǵġҿ˵ɱ˿ħ޸̸أ
԰ɣǾȹôɱ˿ħأһҥ
ˣ˵үҥҿǸһ֪ôʲôı죬Ϊʲôƽ޹ǣ
ι˵㣬㿴жʿӳˣСıǱǿɾͲˣ
ʱһ˴ӳ˽ֻѰͬһ˳˼һȺݺݺŮӡҪЩŮһȻ˿ڵĿεסǻòټһƢζΧ˿óˣˡ
һһˣͬٻŮ·ʿø޼ΡǾһСɧϲһ˿ЦæȺɢŴһһ˼ǰ
һΰĽǰ͸һɹǿϢȻѰط˵ǺݸĶʿá
洫Ϣһ˫΢΢һУ촽΢˵ʲôֻ˭Ҳûԭ˵ǰһȺͨ۵һ仰Ǿǡı졯
޼Ĵ·һ·ϼΪװΧۣȴҲǳͨ裬ֱʿôǰű
ǵҲˣǵǰ׼׽һıĦࡣֻ뵱߲ͬƺ۷磬һȺվڶʿǰһЦĿһһˡ
ⲻôҲ벻û뵽쾹ȻԹ±仯޳Ȥ
޼ΪȻ뱴Ħ൱ƷҲһӳȴȻҪһΣĦ·ƣֻӲͷƤǷ˻ǰ뱴ĦʹҪΪѣϲÿ
˭֪ĦһЦҲڸ´ккιϵλϲÿοҿ˼ѸߣҲݰ꣬αЩ顣
޼αǻһִƣĻɫ͵һ䣬Ҫ֡ʱһֻǰ
ϣʲô޼һ㶣û뵽סԼ˾Ȼһ
һƺûԷв죬΢΢һЦ޸ǽ͵ȴûҪΪǳͷολĦʹȻҪǵ˾θҵ
⻰޼ɫ΢䣬Ҳ˫ǴԼ벻ǵǰǿƵһȻͷȻҲò˵һߡ
ĦһȻֺáʮֵĹһЦһ䡰ܺá߹ʱſʼһһŮѩ˪ǰٻŮİٻޣŮҲеǰһ
˵ֻ߸ˣŮУôһӶôŮӾʿָһ𣬶ȻʿǵĲ£֮ǰû¶ҲͶˣѹ֮ǰսȻԭû뵽ȻôŮ˶սǿϧ뷿ʹ졣ұҵõͳһְȨ㻹ԹãոһŪŮ棬һá
Ħ⣬ٺһЦߵһǰϣû뵽²ٴꡣĳնøͳ죬Ķͷ˾ϣúϣʲô⣬ҿɲñ֤ǵİȫ
һ֪ͨԷڴ⣬ԲӦ䣬΢΢һЦԭʹͳˣֻǽҵǰֻΪ֤ͨ뱴ͳ첻Ҫ·ǡ
ĦһٴãͷӷģȷŹһȥѩ߹ʱȴͻȻ̧һ


һһ ѩ֮ŭ
λŮʿЩͳЩ⣬ҿͲȥ֤ɱͳɣĦ˵ţǹһ˿аЦݣĻ棬ƺѩڱصõĶ
ڳ֮У汴Ħ˼һŷЦƵԱñ߹ģһߣһһͬǰʿ޼ȶʿһ
˵̬ȣѩӦ˿ǰǼѵıĦ࣬üһֻ³һ֣
Ħڼ鳡֣ѩıɽ⻰ûеһ¶ǴϹĴһЦѩ´һ
Ůʿα˲飬Ҫ֪εĲʮϸ˵ûҪ˽ǣ˱ͳǾͺ˵ˡֻҪ㶮Щʣͺùĺܣ˵ûһ˼伫أ
¶ǵĻ˵ЩЦͣһͷĦһˡ
Ȼѩ֪һҪҲס裬֮⣬
ĦԣΪѩڹ֣ٺһЦ׼Լƶżųһ˭֪ո̤һһ̹Ǻӭ洵˲оļڡ˵ѩܲ˿ʼˡ
ĦȻΪֺɫʵȴҲٵġеΣս٣ڸֱֵԼóĶʩչһ˲ͷʮԶ
ҲֻǶвǰһƬطѾ˺ı飬һۣ¼׾ѿһףҪ㱼
һȴĦľ֮ȴǷŭǿһ԰ٻŮϴЦ⣬;ֱһ㡣
ģ㾹ҶԱͳ춯֣ܺãҲöѴˣҾҪԶм飬֪ҵаɣ
ĦһԼҡǧӰצʹó˵һϴһǰͳ˿ѩһŮЩֶҲȻֲսһ뵽ǧӰצƻͷ͸ƶҪʹһС
ѩɽͱŭһûҪ˱Ħһû˴£˭֪ǧצӰָ˲λͷŭҴܶٹһĲ죬˲ñĦù
ֻһ罣ʡգһƬм˪ֻһײǧצӰɢһƬ谭ĳĦ˹ȥ
Ħ״ﻹ֪Լߵ壬ҽѩǺ޳֣֮ǿյһԼȻѡ˱һǿϷ
ֻˣĦٺҲ޼£ŨֻǿйѾЩҵĶγһ涷Ͻס׼ĵʱһϸȥ㵵ķһƬϡ
ʲôȻܹᶷֶΣڶֻ˵ܹﵽѵŮǺһĴڲɣ
뵽Ħ࿴ѩıӾȱ˾֣Ŀ־֪ԼԵŮǰòɱһͷΪ־嶼Ҫˡ
ˣҲ֪ѩԼܹԸĴڣæڳӻץһöᣬ͵һ󣬱һʹɳҪֱͶʿȥ
ʱһǲʹ֮ǰһЦӽ֮д߲ʼĴѶᣬöö
⻰Ȼ֮߳һһץһŲʹ⡣ʹƺһȫɢˡ
ĦྪŭӵĿһһۣʱֱѩŭ𣬱ǱЩΪѣﻹп϶ֻһ߿ſʼһ㶳ĶϣһԹһѩ顣
ʮĦƴõĶѾоųɾű˱飬Ѿ̹ܵǵĺ䣬ѾЩɬƺ޷һ
ۼһ㶷ϱʳĦ˼ڸǣͷ˶ѾˣֻǼӳάӲд
ʱһߺӶʿڲ˭ҶԸұҵˣϷҪһ䣬һʮɳĵָѩ
ѩ״Ҫ֣˭֪һȴȳ֣ǽһһͣէ뵶һ𣬶ͬʱ𲻼
һֽѩǰŶʿڲԺ﻽ҵǰû뵽ǵĴ֮ʿԳ壬Ҳˣ


һһ ʿø߲
󵨣ﶷʿãϷһѵЩ˻ΪǺ۸ʿǴһЦ֮󣬱ϰٵ֮дЩȻǰ鶯ÿһʮǿ󣬿ƶˮɽ
һǹһ˿Цܣֳֳһ죬һ佣Ľ˲ڶ൶ײһ
һ佣ʮ־£һȴʾױȵɱתŵһǵ㽫飬Ϣʱ䣬е⾡飬ǵûɢ˵չøӽ˼֡
ʿԺãĪѩ⽣Ҳǰһ˵һ£ֶξɣ֮ȴǴﵽ߲ˡ
˻ǶʿĴΪζУЩֲס߳ŭĹֽһһ˫׹Ե䵶˳ŽǺ赺õĽȻȴﻹܵסʱ鵱
һ˫䵶ʤһƺ߾Ҫأһãһ̧˽һӣӰɳֱ䵶Ϊĵֻۡ䵶䵽ϣҲ
һһ־ȻƷ죬ֲֶ̫ڣԭʼ죬ÿƷźٺһЦ
һ䵶һһЦû뵽ݶʿҲˣߴطˣһʹ˱ˣ˵ţҪȥ
ӣ͵ϷﾹҾߣٽｻ𷣣򣬽߲ã˵䣬һӰɳһߣֻһƺ˭ޣɱԩһ
һ֣ǿ֧ŵıĦƺݣһе󲮾Ҫɱ
ȥбŨŨɱ⣬ֻȴѩʵǿ˼ɣѾҪ˱ĦҲֻĿһٷһҲ߲ˡ
һһ۱㿴ԷΪʵӦ൱۷嶷ǿߡֻǶԣ˵ǶʶǲԶսնɱλͷʣһЦ˿ľҪȥ
ͷԼ澹ȻҲûãŭֻ֮뽫һץʽĦ࣬һ˫ƾͳһ
ԭһȥһܵƷ֪ԷȻݱ͵Ϯͷ˫һУһ˾˫ƣתִͬ˻ȥ
һӲӲȻûȫ֮ǿֱӽʯһƬⱴȻר޽ǿȵùһ⿰޵ԼһۺԪ
˵նƣͣͲϢ߱оԼҲܲסҪȥȴֵķ֣һ붷ͬ಻ϵȻڣʼۺĶ
һɲˣϰ꣬ɹ崢ڣԼܾȴңһСģ°жҪһ
뵽˴ﻹӲƴƺһ͵һըǿ˫ըһ˵˶ʿſڣһԹĿһʲôȻ˶񶾣
һԹһЦЦΪö֣͵ϮҲͰˣȻҽڣʲô֣ǻؼȥɣ
⻰ǰĦ˵ģαһңʱӮͬʿ˵ĻһһЩ˵˼֡
֪ԼһҪȴֹ˼ҲϷһȥԸűĦ౻ɱ飬ļ֮£Ҳһķ̣ˣǻæѵҪϷɣұӵˣһҲܲˣ
ƺ仰ЧӰӰ˳߻꣬һϸЩȻǶʿõĸ߲㡣
Щ߳ͷæˣ쿴Щ˸ЩʲôȻڶʿǰɱˣֱǷУղɱһӰ٣պԼԦǻһô
⻰˽񣬱һݴ˳ϱֺαضŭأ±Сְˣǲ˵˾ô̲סˣŸǲÿȰ˵
ƺ¸أһ仰˵ⱴ޻˵ֻͷ߷ߣֲϾʹ˰ݣָѩѰҲͰˣŮֺȻɱˣҿкˣʱɱʱ
⻰һһߴͷҪɱ˾Լ֣ҪЩƤλ߲ټڼ䣬նɱ޲¶ʮͷºպչͣҲкڳ˶ûʲô洦ˣ㶼ɱ˱ǡ


һһ Գһ
£һӰӰ߳һõĺ㡣һЦĿ˱һۣתͷһͷʾ⣬ڵıʾԼ⡣һҲؾĵ˵ͷ
ѩս༸ʿø߲ͬʱȻΨǱмҪһսģ㲻Ҫſں˵ô̶ܶʱնɱʮͷϵҾš
Ҳ˵һһȡ˹ȥ߷һ飬ɫˢһ䣬һԵ߽ӹһҲǳԾѣæһ߲׷׾̾ѡ
ϽдĿǾʵЩ߲ټڼնɱ˽ͷ޸ǲֱ̫˼ˡЩ϶һ֣Ҳһܹ
˵ͷλϣЩ˳ŵսһû֮ǰɱĻޣ»Ҫࡣй֮ˣǻҪжк½˶ҪЦˡ
⻰ԭֹҲ׷׵ͷʾͬ⡣ԭ򣬳ҪƤһд֮⣬ܹնɱ˶ޣʵѾǵԲ֡
ЩƣһȺԭҡڲϼһﾹȻתǹͷʼȰ˵䱴ƵĦͷϡ
ϱ㿴жȻЩᣬǵս֪Щк֮
ϱ⻹С̫Щ״ҿ¾ˣϣ˽ɣ
ԣĦСӶ軵ˣһҲҪѵҿ⸱ͳλҲҪˣøֳָʲô

ЩȻƢȴǱˣ֪÷ŭټϱĦѩϣҲֻõͷ±ĦҪ֮˵һߡ
һڳϽ߰ƽ֮󣬱Ƽһ档״Ҳ岻ݴǣǰһ
²Сɸʵƺ˼֣治Ӣ꣬ϸʮĽ
Ȼ֪ԷĿģνֲЦˣοұн飬ټһд㣬ƺҹ˷飬Ҳ΢΢һЦϸ˵Цˣ棬һϸ磬ɼ磬Ľġ
л׹㽫һһ䣬ųϣ̸ЦСһúãȴӦЩϼһ֪ǵպι¡
һǹһ˿Цݣ£ڻҰɣ
һ㶣ЦҾ˵ͷƭסСģˣˣȻô˵ˣҲƱ硣߲ľȷʵǳΪڻҡ֮вӦΪܹǵĶݣ־߲ͬԴл˵ͷ
ŶȻлأ֪ϸɷ֪һСܿǸм
СϽжϽһֱûбȻŶ𱨵飬ȻҪ˵һ˼Ȼصһ⣬Ҳźѡθ㡣
ʲô⣬ϸ˵ǡ
˵ͷתͷ˿ΧĪѩʿſڵСҪʵңһȺ֮ʵģһмܹжǿ
һԣ˼һתЦȻǽϸ緢Ҳֱ˵һȺˣʵ൱ʦĪʦֶˣˣĲ˵ֻɫӦûġ
˵ţһָָĦ࣬üͷ΢壬ԹԵĵ˵ͷһܹʵҲǿܹƳһӣܹʹȨбΪڻҵĻˡ
һԣЩŵۼ䣬ȻнԸְæǻܹһ֧飬ԼȫسΪڻһĴڡȻԭһʮ㣬ñʹȻ⡣
Լƻ˵꣬һЦСϷĳˣ
һ˹ֵȻʧ֮ϸ£պϸ绹ʲôҪǡ
ҡͷϽѾǷСϵĵɱ޵ﻹʲôҪֻϣС½նʱϽһл
˿һѩ˱Ħ࣬һʹһɫΪѵϸɲ֪ʦƽᱡ֮ˣֿǺķ˲ԪǾʹ˰֣ʦ㲻Ը⣬ҲӦ
һɫ˸Ĺâֻͷһⲻǻͷ˵ġεߡģʽôѵٿһʾ⣬ʱʲôĽϴһ˿һȥͬʱصСʲôҪ˵ǣĦǱͷҵĸαֻҪϷʲô˵ġ


һһһ թ
һУһ졯֮󣬱ΪѵɾͲ˵ˣҵʿ޴ʦһʮ־޴ȽϸҲóҲ֪Ҫٲָܻأ
Ҳһ֪˵̾Ϣһƺͬһ˵ͷεĿ˿ʿλϣ̯һΪӡ
һ⻰ﻹ֪Ҫôֻ뱴ĦûʲôϵΪѣڶʿгǮҲǲڡǲżǱҳϿɾżˣòԸ֣οΪһǮƾͷԼܳӵܳԿ
ˣǵҪʲôұҶֻܳҪ˵Ҿ͸ҰѱĦˣа飬ұƲ
ϷһЦһǹһ˿üƵЦݣЩвĻֱӹᣬٺһЦ˳Ͽ˿ҸǲҲϻһ嵥ĶֻǾţһëӦǿֵܹʦˡ
Ҳһƨмһӹ嵥Ҫ˵ʲôտһƷ˵Ȼȥһ˫۾ĵøһ̧ͷҧгݵĿһˣҪô
һҡͷǶһ嵥ȤҲȡһһ϶ʮ־ʣΪģֻΪĲȻ࣬ǾƷóҪһ㣬ǱҲƴ֣ҲǾţһëţˡ
λϿҲͿˣǿɱƵ񣬿ҲҪȰ˵һһʱһڿˡ
˵ǣʵ󣬲λͳ˷ŵΪк죬ʱĲ𲻹ǸǿӮ˰ˡȻǱϲԸ֧һ⳥ҲͰˣʦִģ˵һ̡
⻰û˵꣬ǱѩӦһ㣬ԹĴһѾһıĦæҽ
ﻹȨأҧгݵãҴӦ㣬ֻҪ˱Ħ࣬ЩҶӦ㣡
һǺһЦϹȻˬ죬ֻ⻰˵ͺˣαطҪӣͳ˳ôͷ
ϼһЦѾбĳ嶯Ľеˣ
˭֪һ⣬Ĵָʳָһ飬Ųϣֻǿ˵ƾȻҪȫȡ֣ҲӦúôһ˼˼д־ʲôģǸô
ϲһѪĦһҽдòݺѪ̣˵ãӿռ䱦ȡ׸һ̧嵥öдһ׻
һȡЩҲܱϳ˵񣬹һЦתѩǰݹȥʦ㣬Щˣ
ѩΪһթһ㶫ҷˣû뵽ȻȫԼһ嵥ϵĶÿһģǴɷ֮ĥ±ΪÿһʮǡԼдһ嵥ҲЩˡ
һ֮£ѩֻý£ٻջֶΣŰѱĦ˳
æĦס˿ѩаͷһƻֻˣҲ˵ʲôʲôһԦĦȻʲô֢
һ״ЦΪ֪ѩƢҪɱɱɱҲʲôСֶƣ෴򲻽һСֶΡ
ȥ˼ҲˣڽĽ£һ붷ʿλʶһ顣ǰԱϵİԵһЩҪ٣һƣ£һϵ
֮ˣΪݸϵĶʿñ㲻ְλֻгŴְ֮ǰЩϣͱǳżȫԱһԪӤ۷һĸ֡Ȼһǣν˺ð££㻵ϵպҲ᷽㲻١
罪ǰ˵һһҲáԭŵλ϶ĸˣҲʿСһμʶѩһʵͷҲΪԾ￴˼֡
һύ֮£ЩҲ¼ǰδеƣǸǵֵסջ󡣲̶ʱ䣬һһѾ˽֮λϻ˸Ͳֵܡʲô֤߹ãϵȫͨ
֮ڽĴ£ס˶ʿõһƫҹһһ̸˫öһƻһʧ˺ʱ䣬ڵȴʿһ˷ΪСʮ峿һоһû뵽˾Ȼѩ


һһĶ 
һԴӱ֮ûоȫ֮󣬼ѩЩ񵥶棬ȴ޷⣬ֻӲͷƤԭʦ㣬֪ʦǰ顣
ѩ֮ǰĲ˵ͷǰЩǷݱǩ嵥ȡʦܰҪˡ
һ֮£ͷѾϲﻹƴǣæӹ嵥˿ձ׼ĴߣȻʦСθҲӣÿ˳·
˳˶ʿãȻ֪ڣȴѯʡ˼˱ʳڣ˳֪˲ٱҵ
ԭںݿǴʮӺգһλʿó֮չ۷壬ɢݿ嶼йϵ
֪һǵ£˼û뵽ҾȻôǿʢط÷ͬѰˣ˵Щ˽Ƕ㲻ϣ˵ûҪ취Ūһ˳㽫ǽȥ
ʵ˱ҵڣҲżɹȥһ·Уƽ˵·顣ˣһʱǲһֺĴլԺǰ֣
ǰסЩ˾ȻѰˣһǶʿǿľȻһʿȻһʿһôܴ򵹣½ȴڣ˭˶̴ܹӵġ
Щԭһѩڶ˽嵥óֽʱϳǼϵıʼҰæͬһӭ븮С
ϣһѩˣ̴ӵȥ֪ͨϡֻȥȻѶǶ˲ˮҲӰ
ѩʷȴҲǴ˵еıŸģתͷһһۣʦ취ɣ
һԣ֪Լ˵ͷһʦģҡŻתһȦԹԵѰ˼Ƭ֮һ䣬һд
ѩ״¶һ˿ȻֻԪԼڵһɷΧطҲܣƾһ
ȻԽԽǿ಼ֻ֮м׷УƬ֮һʲôΰʣﶼ׷׷ͶȥҡƺҪɢ
һٺһЦɳһ䣬εضһԶͶȥƬ֮ԭسѩһƬյء
һһ׼ٴζ֣üƿ֮żŭ
ӣұҵңֱǲ֪ٽ͵ȥ
ұҵңˣҪ˫⳥
˫⳥ҲұƱ⳥֮һū
һһݶ˵Ǳҵļ֣ϺͱĦ಻У˼ǶһŮһˣȻǶȻǳмһҲѹֱӺһʱ
֮УӶǱһбޣ¡һŮӣҲ˵ݶҪһūľŮ뱴ĦһҲţΪݣŮӣԲӣչɶԣ˳ƾŮĦɯ
˵һǰծǴӦˣȴϸԲ˱ŸüһԵȺһһʲôصΪֹܹ˲Եծ񣬸ܹͷ֮ޡ
ֻû뵽һԣһֱҪҵѣǻûȵһһϳ
һ˽ԼΧ룬β֪Ǵʲô⣬ͷЦѣȴҲһ˻嵥λǰֽ֣ĳⲻǰȡ⳥ˣ벻Ҫˣɲý
Ϊ˶һˣȻѹһ˭֪һ俴ƵȻǼ֮⣬Ƣõ˶Ҫը˵ƽվѹһıˡ
ȻСǣʲôֽ֣ҿǺ˵һͨձҪ£֪
˵䣬ޣ¶λͬʱ֣һӰһƷ磬ֱһһ־ȻǺϻ֮Ƕڵʵ붷ڶϼУҲΪֶΡ
ֶֻһСӹҼ죬̤ױֶܿΣʱһʮһҪлһǴ嵥ע⣬ȻҪʬ𼣡


һһ ٴթ
һǺελᱻƳɹǹһ˿Цھ罵˲䣬΢΢һͻأʧԭء
ʮʧȥĿ꣬Ҳֱͣ뱴ޣ¶ȭŴһУһߣֳ־޵ıĦɯӰӰ֮Ȼ͵Ϯһ
ʲôطȥˣôͻȻʧĦɯһгԿͷԹޱȣݺݵ̽ȴҲһӰ
ʱһЦͷΪֻɺϣû뵽ñҾȻϲӱ͵Ϯĳȷʵѧˡ
ȥһͷ߿У⻰ĦɯԭһԳһ˿֮ɫһֱ޳ȥһӣӰͬһһȥ
һԴӱ޲T׽Ӱ֮֮бһᣬֻƽﱻӶ͵ϮɵþͼһҲȡֻ󽣾һӣֽ
һһж˼湦򣬱ֶηʿҲҪСĶԸ˵ЩֻĶʿһУӰͬѹǽޱȵıĦɯҲʧɫ
ޡ¶ҲԾѣΪȴۿĦɯԿͬʱߺʩչӰӡҪֵ¡
֮ϬĴڣһǲζǸеĸ֣Ȼûʩչȫȴܹ׵ֵ˺Ҳӻ˽ٶȣǳȴӲĸǡ
ۼŽҪѹϣһϤϢӱҺԺǱϣȻϼһʶҲҪˡ
һȴȵĻᣬЦ̧һУԭѹĽⶸȻһתһ˿ƱķߣûܷӦ㽫С
򵥵ͱãޡλʵ࣬ЩɺĳĬǾŮĦɯĴеˣ㲻ңץǣȲһҪʱһҪڳһ˫֪踶Ĵۣ
һҲԸԸŮˣͨоŮͷޱߵԹͷˣŮѾˣǸһ˵ûԼɺܴ鷳
뵽˺鶨Ȼ·һȻԸһ鷳˼һתҪʩչֶζ˴Ů֮롣ֻǾʱһŭ飡
ǱҼʿóųԱ֮һıϡΪ˶ծǱãμ˱ܣﻹùֻһеһ˿ɱһ
һ붯֣ȴõűֱɱˣ˼һתϹһ˿ЦһΪڱչز;׼Լȡ˾ߣû뵽ˣǾ뱴ϸǷıɣ˵䣬嵥һΣֱ򳤹Ҫӵĵү
ϼ״ۼ䣬³û˵ֻһҸ㱦ǣΪλץұ֮ˣѵΪ˰㣬ܹ޷첻ɣ
һʲôЦһЦѵϿ˵ЦЩԵ޹Χң׽ǻʲôԡ˵Ů͵ϮֶεЩϤ֪
ԣɫһڣæһһģʲôĿģֱ˵ǣֻҪǷˣұҶӦ㡣
ЩɱҲɱãҲûʲôãл֣һĿھ仰
ٺ٣û뵽ϾȻ㿶ȻˣĳҲܲӣһˣЩٺ٣˵ķϣۣǡһ嵥Ÿұǡ˵䣬һ˱ǳ˵Ŀ⽫һŸд嵥˹ȥ
νһ죬˵һαթľ֮󣬱Ҳ׼˿嵥ϵ֣סҪ˺ٵĳ嶯ջǵ˵ͷãţ嵥ϵĶһ㡣˵תغԺȥˡ
һȡһ£˾ڵϣѩ˹ֵҲ
һѩУǽƳǽˣٴթֵǣЩǻѩҲʲôоμһ˳һУԭˮĺϾȻһ˿
ѩεúãһ΢΢ͷ֮󣬱һͬȴ𱴳ʱǱĦɯȴϰһһȫֻԷ磬ֱ˵һ仰ʱ򣬲һע


һһ Ů
ĦɯΪŮΪжΪΪΪĺݶ伫һ׽ȴϷ䣬ŭֹֻһթɹͷˣŭҲֻڡ
ĦɯһȴòһԵѩԳһ˿еˣŮ˰ɣҸ㣬һɵնõͳǻʮӣ˺ɫԣʱֻҪټ䣬һᱻϣʱΪ
⻰һüͷһĵáȻԭһԵѩվĦɯһһɺ͸ֱ̱Ħɯȥ
ĦɯΪڱأû˸Ҷǡȴû뵽ѩȻĸҶ֣ĿŽ˲䣬ǷҲЩˡ
һ촫ûиоκʹֻ࣬ԼĽ˿Ѿʧع׷һɱԼǷԼ
ͷһתĦɯΪԼŵĻסѩһЦΪңҾͻŹǣٽƭȥĶ˫⳥ȻΪұţʮ꣬ͷ֮ޣ
˭֪ʱһĦɯûü㱻ӷɹȥﵽһԵԺУ˲Ժ㻯ɱѩһƬ
ĦɯӦһ˿֣һݣ˺ʮɣԶԶѩʲôѵҸʮô
ѩҲɫֻһͿԼı£ֻҽ²ն޴֮ˣԼְɣ
Ħɯһ㶣ЦˣΪûм֣Լܹɱҡʲôֻһããҿɲ֣ҪУ㳢ͷ֪ΪʲôҽŮ˵䣬ĦɯޣĶӰѩɱ
ѩá򡯶֣üһһ˿ɱȻӰҲ˱ܣֻ罣һն˲併㣬һն֮ɣ֮ͬĦɯȥ
ĦɯС˿佱νĸαһ£ͷһټѩȴҲܹԼֻһɱƻѹԶѷͷƶһҪɱѩҪһѩǰܡ
ֻǻûȱӽֵˡĦɯоԭתı˲侹ȻתϸһԭǱǱĳ޾Ȼһϸϸı飬ұԽԽԽԽӲȻӲĶסٲܶ
ʱ٣Ƕɱĳ͵һײǱҲǱĳ޾Ȼֵסײϳһ飬৳ȥ
ôܣ
Ħɯֳ֮⣬ֻʱѾɲˡҲŮ֮ƣ˺ԼǺһ˫ƣ͵һʮָϣʮѪŹ̵¶Ⱥǿֱֻһ죬ѣֻѪҲɱ飬һоȻƴһƽ֡
ȻѩһһûϣȴƵñĦɯǱѡŵֻһ㲻ڶƳ˱Ħɯһ۱ԭλ
ŮĦɯȫû뵽ԼһͱƵ̶ֳȣͷƣһ׽öƣȻѩʵ̫߳໹ٴγ֡
ԭһֱȲһ΢΢һЦ㲻֪ʦ㣬ʦһѾѵˣҿǸҹԹɣ
һ̧һ㣬˽˿ֳĦɯȥĦɯ֮лعȴ˿ãɱ˿صˤϣö
ʱ򣬱ƺٴαӺԺ֮зɳȻ֪ʲôȴֻһ˲һһѶ˳嵥ϵı
һһȷʵ󣬱㵱ѩˣŹһЦϹȻˬ죬ҲһңҴҵȻҵܹȽϣȻˣĳЦˣЩҲΪλͻȻպҪֻ֣Ҫ˱뾡ĳԶ㡣
˵䣬һһ֣˵Ľ˿ɢ׷׵Ǹ䱸Ȼһٶ֡Ħɯϵ֮ɫѪķ
ϼһ˱Ħɯˣͷȴû˿һ⻰ŨŨЦ⣬һȥһͿͣ
˺ôض飬һͷΪ⣬ҲںǸʲô̬ȣһлѩһͬȻ뿪˱
ڶ뿪֮󣬱һеһһͬнûıĦҲڴ˴ֻͨ죬ȻǶδ
ϸϷĿһۣޣ£ҲǼʶһʵұӦԴ£


һһ ն
⻰ޣ¶һֳۣһ˿ɫ곤ı޿ڵ磬һ̫ҵȽֲоͱ£ҶƲ⣬ʵʵ¡
һʲô˵
ޱ˿̾һҶƲ⣬ʵʵ㲻£ǿһ֡
ܣ⻰ͬһһԵıĦһϵⲻܣǻôܱȴ󲮻ǿЩֶΰˣܹŪҲܹ˵ݶ꣬ô᲻
⻰Ϻÿһ֣ҲôȻӦûҪһ㣬ֻʿֶ̫죬аˡˣҲʮѶԸұײ˵ҲҪ˽أ
˵öԣҾǱûҪӲӲЩʿڻңֻڻϣҲǸɸɾһԵıҲڵƺһһս¡
У
ΪСıĦͱĦɯͬĺԷԼͬԭǹϵõĶ໥һۣȻһϧζ
ԣ˵ͷô򵥾ͷŹǣˣұҲ̧ͷ˼ȻҪҾͽεǵ˵˵ʲô취ɣǳɹˣҾͽѡ˵ʸ͸˭
⻰һԭΪ޳ͷԵĶ˶ʱһ֮ԹϵñΪλӣ񱴳ϽѡʸڳΪʤߵĽʱǽϧΪУٴγΪжԹϵ
󲮣ҿնõĸͳԸǣǿĻӲӲȵߵʱǾұĺʱˡĦ˵һ˿׺֡
ߣǺãֻ㲻ҪˣϷǸ˲ɷץסڴǰ¶һͳʸûж˵̸ݺǣĦɯ¶һ˿Ц
㣡Ħ౻ֱ˵ʹҪȴ֪˵ʲôֻһͷȥ
ƺûתͷĦɯŶˣʲô취˵
Ħɯһŭ֮ɫĹֵһλʳ֮ʮһ֮ԵҿǰȥæʮӵʵȫһܹԸһԹŮʱ򻹲ұҷһһܱ𡣡
ʮӣţ뵽ʲôһ˿ƻĹâ˵ͷãʮȷʵһܹ£μƻɹ󱴼Ҳһϯ֮ء
Ħɯɫһϲһ˿âͷǣĦ״һ
ȴ˵һѩ˱˷µһ·߻أصƫҪظʱѩվתͷһһۡ
һ״΢΢һЦʦǻ飬µ˵޷ʦܾ쵽ǡ
ѩһ˿⻪ھʲôһʻҡҡͷתȥ
һŪѩͷʲôֻ÷һߣתͷ˿ķǹһ˿Ц޺ģ⣬ȶֲûдʲôʮӣҵҪҲҶ֣Ҷ֣ͲҪҲʲôӻǻˡգ˵ӣһЦطȥˡ
һһ뱴ڶʿǰһ֮ԭʿ֮ʿ̬ģǰʿҲƴ˼֣˺ɢں֮еʿ׷ǰħڴ˴ǶʿĴӪ֮һ࣬˫νల¡
һµټʱڿʼձʿµĶ顣ݵʿնӷãͳˣԼʿΪ֧ӡ
նõգʦϣԭ̸۵ʮΪͳ֣ĵӽΪͳ죻֮ǰΪѩʹ򣬶ӵıĦ࣬Ҳ֪˶ٹϵ˶Ǯƣűסͳλãڿһһ˵ʱû˿⣬·ûйһ㡣
⣬ڽһƺ߶֮£һһͬٻˣԼֵڣһԪڣҶŵӣʮ˵ɵĴӡһѩĪ˵֮ѡΪӳ͸ӳ
İֱӽĶӴӵĴڡһһֱֶҲ˵ѩĪ˵ʵħŵӶĵ׳ϣйأɵӶԸͶĶ
ն֮û˿ٺֻںӳͣգǰǻ޾ۼڡȻǰȥ֮ҲնáΪ󣬶ʿҲɳһ֧Ҳжʮʿʵնˡ
˲գݵҲ۱߾һٴ䵽ǧˡͨ߹أ˲Զ˹ӡŹƺǻ޾ۼڸȥ


һһ ǰ
ڽ޴ʵ˶ڣжѸ٣˰ʱһӪĪǵڡֻǴʱѾֻʣһƬĮʲô󷨣޾ƺƾʧһ㡣
ԭһ·̽׷ٻޣѸоľŹȻӲͣƺǾ߲֮󣬾͵ذӪկɳԱ̽
ݴӪ֮УΪݻһͳʮסڡͳ죬ĶӶӳ⣬˲룬ȴһӰӪΧǺݶʿɵĶ֣ҵľŮĦɯ
ֻĦɯ͵͵Ӫ֮Уǵûбϳһʱųҳ֮ʱʮͬ
ĦɯȫûǾŮǿһСһ㿿ʮԣʮӣһūҿȫˣһҪҰ
ʮӹһЦڱĦɯģŪЦŵ˵ͷ˶˵ǾŮҿСǣȻһӣȻʧˣֻ³֮󣬱ҿҪֱ֧Ӳǰ
ĦɯŤ֫˵ֻҪӿϰæһܳɣ³֮󣬱ҾҵˣȻҲˣ˵˵ô᲻֧أ
ʮЦһ߳ƺţһߺ˼ɵڱĦɯ֣ռˣֱо٣ŷſñĦɯȥ
ñĦɯȥıӰʮһһЦŮˣҪʱ㲻ӦҪõҲҵڿϴӦңߣҪԸһȺʿӾͰ㣬õңҲӲӵġ
˵䣬ʮ֣һӰ䵽ǰڷԸ˼䣬ǺӰȥԼصӪ֮ȥˡ
ӪһڣĦУһžᣬһĦɯǼ˶ģȻôʹʮӣæһͨȨɱһǵĻʹ󽵵ˡҲǱ·ͨ߱ô˵ʿ֮зɺħһɣҾȥħˣʱǹҧ֮˵꣬һ˺ǰľᣬһӪʱ㲻֪ȥʲôطˡ
նõڶʿͬ˵֮ˣಢųҰҲͰˣڸɽɣӪڹ涨Ȼ֮вӵзլԺһĶͷųһԺ䣬۾»ǴʿʹõҪ˲֪١
ڶ෨Ժ֮һΪҫ۲Ȼȫвϴ죬һשǾܹͭ첻լԺʯҪֵʮ
һԺǵĴڣҲǵһںһˣʮ̫жֻŪһЩյӣ¸ۡ
ʱһĪѩˣͬٻ̳ԪӤһãƺ̽ʲô
бλ֮¶ʱ繦δȴǺաһγȻɵǵĴӣǰȥɣ̳¶һ˿УѾָȫһӺݻȻǰΪ곤ȴ֪ǰ᳤ϵʵ˵ҲΪСġ
⻰Īѩͬʱһһ״֪Լ̬˼һתͷһΧ㣬ÿԷͷ£ϼȻҪμӣȻǻӭˣٻŵѲЩطΡ
˵ţһͼȡһƬʼһƬؽ֮̿̿ͷʾ֮һ֮ȥˡ
ȥ֮һתͷĪѩһۣζ˵ĪʦֺʦҲо˰ɣ
ѩԣüͷһ˵ͷǴ𸴣ĪǺٺһЦоˣжٸ߸˸ԣǾŸŸ֣ǵĻ˵Ƕʸ֣ôֱʡ
һͷЦȷʵһδֱʣһΪƾЩҲǻ޵Ķ֣û뵽Ȼô֣Ÿңһһ˵ûбġ
ĪЦݣɫһƣĽǵڻˡҪһһЩʣǷ͡
һȻ֪Ī᲻˴ֳֻ֣øЦʦֲŭҪǵڻңγѰ·ǰҪȴЩޣȻʧôЩ¡
һȰ˵ĪٺһЦŬͳҶˣһĨνˮڣʦܲżԤУЩһȲ˶þͻ֣˵һǾͻջء
һˮڡһ״ҲһЦóǾͼʼĪѩֵص


һһ Ħɱ
ĻĮûаƺһжǰţǻ޶һͷһͣڰԳӰһ
һνŸҵĴӣ濴ûʲôȴǱҺʮڵʱҲͰһһˡ֪ҵʿʶ͸ַѲ˶ʱ䡣
һһЦڱĦɯֶΣһһ֮£ʮӶȻҲڡǴʱ˫ڣͳնɱԼˡ
һ·̽һ·һоЩԾҪ˵׷ʲô˵ޣһֻӣһӡûз֡ԴˣҲƲѡһ̽ʱ򣬺һ㶫ʶ֮У̽ȥȻһ˿˿ƯڿС
ףûлôлڣ
һɻ֮·ȥȻֻһƬĻڿУȴǲԴͷֻ˿˿ƼƮɢ
һ׼һƬѰԴͷʱһЦ·ԭտĻĮˢһȾѪ⣬ط·𶼱ѪɫȾһ㡣
ǡ󷨣
һһ۾ͿֻȴӳԾΪ½ϼ󷨡һǹϣֻѾϣõľԼ󷨾Ҫһξڴ˴һȺ޻ʲõ󷨣֮Ҳɵֵֻ뿪Դʱ˵أ󷨷һ
ܿ죬һԾΪ󷨾Ȼ֮ǰһ޴󣬷ʿã׼ȷ˵ħʿóʹõ󷨡Ҳ󷨵ֶβֻȴȹ˸ϴ󷽣˲ٺö棬ʹҲ㲻
һɫ̽󷨣ǲסȴǱﲻסһЦһû뵽Ҳн죬ɻǵô
ЩϤһһѱ˭һЦ㲻ǱҵĴүĸͳ죬Ħ౴˲ɣ֪˽ĳΪ£ѵĳֲɣ֪˱ûС֮УȥʦΣ
һһھ˵бĦĴʹ۴вѣԭ׼ĻȫˣֻЪ˹
ʣڵˣ㲻ֶζôҽʿ֮еĸԸ㣬ˣλɱֻҪɱٱұҶṩ
ڱĦĿУӰڴ֮Сγˣ˻Ѫ£ǻۣħŵϢϢжϣٶĺڵĴڣΪһĺ˺ڵĸ֡
ĺ˺ڸΪͷˣȻڡһЦϣȻҷħʱڱкֻλӳ˴ǮҪɱ㣬ǲǮ֣ϲǲǰɣ
һҡҡͷһ˿Ц֣Ȼǲֻ֡ǮֵҲǮƺòãֺòȴûдáҪСǮòɣѷ
⻰ħŸ֮бһЦһ㲻ҪΪԼǾ㣬ħžˣɱǵڣõħŵĽ˵һʲô˵ţ˱Ц
ֻһԴ˺⣬ǼЦԭħŵľˣħħͷ֮еħͷʧʧˡֻҲˣҿû˵ҪŻǣǸƺһһħŰɣ
ǰһ仰ΪһηԼ¼Щ⣬˺һ䣬ɫ䣬ǼͬҲƱЦӣ͸оЩܲˣ
һ֪֮ΪӲҾ˾ͽ̽㣬Ϊ˲Ҫţҿ㻹±ɣ
˵䣬һŨѪǣ֮һѪһɱȥ
һ״һ֣նĽÿնһϰٵɳĵĵһ׹ƣһشһɱ¾˫һȪǿ׽
˿ɲûʶĶʿһ˲͸оĵһ޵ݣ΢΢ɣתһԼΪĺڣһֻԪӤڣѹƣԷҲܳԼʶҲ⣬Ѫӭĵȥ
Ѫ뽣ӣĹȫͬĽ籡һһƬѪճɽݣѹֱӽһƬѪɢɱ¾֮һѪƬɿݣʹýʢȪһƣѪ̱մۣˮȥ


һһİ 
һڵ˴ûʴȵ˼ԾɱħˣǺ졣ֱûֵ˼һ¾ͽֶʹ
һ棬ԭƺѪȻɢһ룬Ȼдһ㣬ȴǱմˣƵþ˲ò䱣иٷҲȪմۡ
æѻĿһһۣû뵽Լ־ȻһΪħͷַ˻Ҫɱһǰ;ϣҲȥ˼һתһٴκȻ֡
˵һγԿٲôֱʣų״ķѪĵ⶷һƷʿνϼѣƷԲһȻƷʹһʱ֮侹ȻĵѹסѸٺ˻ȥ
˿ü׼˵ʲôʱȴһһ˿Цٽǽһӣĵ⻪ɳĵ⻪ƽǽƷǷƶɵķĵƫԭĵ֮С
˷֮ԭĵʱʵ壬ĹǣȻǿ̶ȣϬ̶ȴȻߡסѪз֮ơ
ľ֮£ִʩչֶΣһ֣Цһˣ㵱ڴˣ̧һָĵһȻ״Ѫһ
ֻžડһ죬ϳڣͬߴһ㣬ûаǣ֮£ʱЩˣͷһѪͬʱеһҷƲ
һԣָһ㣬ĵٴɱȥȻŭƣҲ֪Ҫһ߼ԦʣһƷס⣬һ߷ˡֻǽٶȱͿαҲӳΧ
ýɱֻùĶħԪȫӳ֣ͬʱٴ󣬻ѪҪԴʱһߣˡ
ֻһλ⣬ͷһĽ룬һ֮ЩŨѪɢ¶֧һѪĵֻÿÿһԺ䣬Ѫⶼᱻȥһ㣬ѪɫҲȥһ㣬ٶ£Ҫˡ
ħͷ֪ٲϹۣ׷ʩչֶγһɱ˹ȥһһЦһúáѳһ˷Ȼͻأĳ⣬Щ׷׺ϲһ󣬾ȻӲסѪ
ʲôħͷ⽣ŵ
Ϊĺ˺ħȻʶһ¥һãæǽר˾ɱ󷨣ӾȻܹһ֮ýԭһֱûг湦ڰвýǶƭˣٳֻɱ
⻰ħͷɫһ䣬Ȼʶ磬ȴҲ֪ʲôһ˶ý䲻֮󣬻֮ǿǲɱպΪ󻼡
뵽Щħͷٲ֣׷׽ֶʩչħħӲס󣬲ĵ֮н˾˳
һħȻЦ˵ĵųͬʱǿҲͷųͶ뽣֮Сһʱ佣ٴνħѹȥ
ħͷƲһֶΣס󣬱ĺ˺ħеĦ࣬ʱָʱǶˣҲӲˣ
˻һ䣬ƽƬ̣üը촫ӰȺǱĦֻ࣬ԱȴȻİ֡
ĦһƺڲͷϲٺһЦһû뵽ûϵҾҪ˽ӴϱҼı㣬͸ȥɣ
ֳڣĦͬͬʱ֣ʩչһ˹
һ״һֳǽһնһ˸ֽĽջһ󽣣ħͷĵֿһǣȻ£˴СһУתͷĦ࣬ݺһЦӭȥ
Ħ౾Ϊһǣƣ뵽֮ͽħͷѹޱɱһֻ©һģæֹסŲҽһͷ˶ȥͲӦÿ죬һֱһĳ
֪ҲӲһһܹ֮ԸǶˡͬʱ֣һųľԶһųԶľһƬ𺣳һչ
С
һһӣ֮𺣾Ϩ˾ֵҪģû˵֣Ѿһûһ俪׾ʹ˽ᡣ


һһľ Ѫ
Լõ޵ΪɱڣĦһθоڣѡһΪˣԼȻ֪ѶˣһСֻҩΩûкҩãֻԽۡ
ڱĦշɳʮԶʱһХǰһͣԼǰ˲һ˭ˡ
סͷľ֣Ħæеһˣү㲻ҪɱңҷĴӽ֮ٲֻҪɱңҵļҲȫģҲȫġ
һû֣ƺǱ򶯣ٺһЦôֻ˵㱴һεļƺҪɱңûɱңôܳΪأ
ʲôĦͷһ£ָһֵĽе㣬ô֪£±ұҶû֪㣬ѵ˵ĦɯǼһȣҪıұҵļҲ
һû뵽Ħ˷ḻһЦ㱴ҵļҲȻЩȤȴôӵֶΣʲôŮȻʵĳͷңҷǲˣ
ĦԼһϣﻹ˵ʲôҲģֻһᣬ᳤߽һεѹĦѹô
ģҪɱңҸƴˣĦܲвȻҪƴһһѪͬʱУͨ죬Ȼʩչʲôǿ󶷼
һ͸ĦоҲеĸһᡣȻһ֮Ħͬһһֵסŵ
ҪĦƺͷԣȻ㲻һ
ȻһȻֲڣҲûпɽֻ̫֮һٱҲûãԣȥɣ
һĮ˵ţֳǽ̤һĦǰһ۲ӵٶӹǱĦ˲ֹͣһ̣˶ͷ­ͷ˼ҡ
žҪ䵽ϵʬ壬һϵĿռָ㵽УȻָɳһŻȥգۼ䣬Ӵʬͻһźڻңη紵ɢ
һʤһȴûаϲ˼ҲͬĿռ䱦ﶼһ֣ǻԲĽϡһ֮еһб㱻һ
⽣֮УУݺ᲻ϢħͷȻѹƣʱ䲢Ȼãв󷨵һħͷȻʵȴΪϤ󷨣˸ɲ١ηŭȴ˿ý˵
ЩһﵹҲ𵱳Ǹǿ˲١һһβŶԸħţԼǾ͹ֲңȥɣ
һһʼʶ֮еֱ仯Ȼ˿ƵĽû˿Ƶļֱ֮𡣽֮нУ仯תٶȶȻһءԭֵħͷʱѹסһˣۼҪ䡣
ʱһ˿մӽ֮д˺۵ľʹһǷһ㣬ͷвѡʱһɱѽֵ֪˶ΪҪʱһѪɫĻͻȻ֣Ȼ޼᲻ݵĽ⵲ס
һһĸħͷԾѣ˷һЪ˹Ĳҽ֮һжƽһϴð˭һҺ£ȻնɱҵѪܣһҪ֪ʲôѪ죡
졯һԭѪɫĤһɹѪˣһȻǰʮʳɷ飬ɢȥ󷨶Ȼмĸо
һڱ仯ʼʱעˣѪ˿æ󣬷ֹͬʱҲоֶƺЩϤֻǵȴǲˡ
ȴ˵ѪǷһʱ岻ȴǵȥħͷȥħͷ״ŭӣһʾ˵ڸʲô
ʱ򣬾˺̧ͷĿﻹԭͳһֻüĿ֮͸һ˿ݣ·ҪһжС
Ѫһͷ΢΢ԾĿѪϢҲһ޶ֻƺ˼֣ͷһתܿ͵óԭǱ𣬶ǽ鱦֮ɵѪܡ
Ѫ֮ʱѾ£ǷͷȻĸħͷϳǾֽӣŭġֻһƺᣬѪ˽˵ȥ


һһ 
һžĹͷ֮͸OO@@ˮ֮Ѫ˲ȥ¶ĸħͷڣȻֻľ߸ɿݵƤңѪ辡ʧȻǱˡѪܺںĽѪյϣɫ˲ͱú
ѪƬ̣һĺ˺ڵƴͷųȻһǽɻһ㣬ڶ̶ʱͻһֻǲ֪ΪΪƿƣƻһ˿ʹﵽĺڴԲͣ
Ѫ֮дŭ𣬽ˣ㵽˭˭˽󣬾סӵѪܣƵñƷ⣬֪ΪѪܣӻ˶ĴۺͷաǴȫƷ֮գֻҪѪȻܹѪܾ𣬵ʱ򱾹һȺѪܣʲô˾ͽˣʲôϹݣȥҪɧ죬㾹Ȼ˱һͷҪ֪ʲô
⣬Ѫħ䣬ͬʱȫùѪǵس˷ӿȥԭת⣬ϬޱȵĽЩѪͱޱȵĻͳٶۣⶼѪȾ趯֮ʱȻûаɼϢѪɭɭ
һ״ͷһݣһ߿ƽѪܳһнϲһѪܵȻƬ鱦ſѪ顯֮Ĵڡ
ѪΪ鱦֮еӵвַһֻҪ㹻ܲɸǿԣĻƬһĴڣʹȴĿܿҪǿ˰ٱֹ
Щһ˼תܿһ뷨˫΢Уǹһ˿Ц̧ڽһ㣬ȭͷС˲Сɽһһֱ̤ӽ뽣֮С
УѪڷƻֻЩⱾǷûֻҪû𻵣ֹݻĲԪˡһԨԪ֧£ƻ
ѪԼþʱ򣬱һڵǰƾɣԽԽ󣬼̶һӰ߳ѪҲ˭ֻҪɺɱ¾һ˫ָԾһѪɫоɱȥ
ֻǵȥ˲䣬Ӱͺڵ㾡ʧһաɵʱһӱ˼棬ӾȻ˵ͳ֣Ǵʧַ緶
⻰Ѫһ㶣תͷ˲䣬ԭӻָſЦ̤Ь٣ȫѹ򣬱Դ֮Ѱãû뵽㾹ȻԼǰҪȡһ
һҲ˿ΣҲ΢΢һЦû뵽¾ȻѪӵˣֻܳѪȡ±ǰһϣôһѪܣ¡
ѪҲ⣬ʵƬԭ򣬳˲Ǳ壬û֮⣬ʵ֮⣬һ޶һĺҲһ޶
һԼʵһЦ㲻ǵһСϰˣҲ֪ײʲôˣȻԪӤΪǱӵĶֲɣҽֻһҲһȡ
һüͷһٺһЦѪ˵ǣҵҲһϣֻϵѪӳ˿վһλã˵⵱ϣҪ֮ٳһأ
Ҫ֪걻һһֱǵʹٴαһ𣬿νǾһ㡣ŭν죬ŭܹĻһ㱻һٱ鶼ࡣ
ֻŭվֻŭҪɱȴǲܣѪѽһȻ֡һֱǹĶȫһƬѪһ˹
Ѫһǰ˵ֶοɲַͬģÿһĶֱָѪħľҪнⴥѪ˲丯࣬ҽƮɢɴ˿ɼѪ֮ǿǱѰ
һ״ҲһֲϲľءŲָǶһ׽ʩչ֮һ㣬һָһһ٣ף
ֳڣһ˷ܳÿһ⾹Ȼ׹ɣһɺƵӽ֮ӿֳһѪ֮оȻѪ֮֮һƬ
һĻѪܲûзѽУĶӲߵĺ˴ԲľأһѪʱȻסз֮
һҲţȻһЦһתԭĽƶȻһ䣬ȻһһɲͬȴڻһϢ


һһһ ǬնѪ
Ǭ
ֳڣ˽أ׽ǵڵҲǱɷĽЩӣϾһڲ䱾Ŀ
ʲôʮʲôɷʮǸڱˣȻǿϬȴѰ⽣ˣľȴڵһŽϣǵһӶ֮мƥһҲǴд˽ıǰǵϿһԵڡ
һ׽֣Ǭһƺ֮Ǭһƺպգɷ֮ɽһŽ϶ΪһԡǬΪһնɱ
һԭ֮СǬһ󽣵һնѪ
ԭĶǿΪȲʤȯѪܵ㵷ǳѪƣ˲СģҪѾܣֻʵеֿ
һֽ΢΢һЦȻֻһϾǴѪӣˣҾͽֶʹ빫Ӽ̰ɣ
޾ɱ¾
Ȫ
һͬʱʩչֽһɱ¾һǾȪǿкϲѪһʣȻ飬ʧ
ܣôôǿ㲻ආϣû鱦ûʦоôôֶΣѪһ߼һ߷ˣȻֻһȴҲ
ǺǣҾѹ㣬ֻϣҲҪԿСû鱦Ҿ鱦ûʦУԼʦУ㲻һѵΪܹӹҵֶβɣҹԹԵȥɣ
һÿÿһͷǧɳ֮ǰĽѪ׷ǱӴܡֻȫʢʱ򶼲󣬸οʱԽս£ﻹӳһʱͱƵϡ
ǰ⣬Ѫҧһҧŭһû뵽㾹ȻôɱңƫɱձҪȡ˵ţѪܿЦһȻ׼Ա
Ҫ֪ԪӤĸԱͬСɣǺý˶ҪˣͷѪܸǴһԱ֮󣬿һҲסȻ鷢
ֽһնûнͽһӴĽȴֱѪõķڽʵĴڸ޷һӾСԭ˫˲ĵѪɷ֮ԱҲȻͣ
һ׼ʱзţһžɳһתҲѪͷʱѪܸպûָǣԱȴ㵵ķԼƲס
ҵѪ֮鱦ƣ㵽ʲôֶΣȻҵĿƣⲻܣܡ
Ѫӣϱûʲôܵ飬㲻˵ĳֻһôЩΪϵ̰
Ѫһ㶣˿ͷת֣ڶģʲôûڣһѾǰ̧һģԪ谭Ľڣʶͱץ˳һѪɫķһС
˿һģһٺһЦȥˣѪܵȻ벻δãȴҲ˷ѣͬȴպҲá
鵽Ǹһ䣬ֶΣһ˿һͷҲصı㳯Ӫطȥ
֮һѪɫݹݹɢȥԳȻѪһģһֻѪǷһǱħŵѪӣ
˴ĴƬֳ̣һ˿֮ɫƷѪܲע뱾ųڵ鲢û֪û뵽ȴ˱Ƶý˷ӡܴţҲٲ𷣡ֻǴ˵˭ˣȻܹԪӤڵѪ޷ֵҵĵܹ쵽µֻЩˣɵˣħˣǾŸϼһĲɡ
˵ͷŹӪկڣ˼ǰǲȷʲôһˡ
ȴ˵һصפڣҲ½鱨ܺϽ֮󣬱ûʲôڱĦʧٵ飬ƺʱҲʲô˵ע⣬ҲֵУϢϢȫƱս֮ˡ
ھŹ˴Ӫկһ֮ĳһ죬һϢͻȻ˵ĳһ̽һȥϢһʮˣд󲿷ʿʿȻûһظϢġ
֪߲ᵽʲôʼȥ̽Ǹ򡣹Ȼ伣õĻ޳ͬʱֵĻһ׵Ķڳ֣зֵĻ޶Ǵġ


һһ ؿӶ̽
Į룬һ׵ĴӶͻأĳ֣һӶ³ͬʱһЩҲŻ𡣶ڿоŹפʿʿǧ˱Ϊ˲ЩͼݵĻޡ
ӶԣʱϰʿʿҹѲߡЩĶǶǽ𵤣ǿĻжԪӤֻ֣ϽŵƺΣһ
ιܣ˵ôҪȥ̽ˣ
£˵ˣҿһ̽飬ˣ
⻰ôȻ̽飬һǸ֣ôأ
֣ôûǰֻʱǷ˲Сɱģ뿴·֪жٻޣʲôֽȥܹȫˣ
ףǰװķòʧô
ٺ٣Ͳ֪ˣֻǶʿó֣ȻҪѡ׵ķʽȫƽһβͬ㹻ڻңʹð
˵ʿ
ٺ٣ЩʿǷ֮ˣǱͲͬ壬Ҳûʲôϧġ
ԭˣ
꣬Ҫ˵ˣˣ
ʱһ˴Ӫʷ߳Ϊһ£һǳʮӡ
֮䣬һ൱˿ڵʮӵ£һ㾹ȻӢĸֶɳǻ˼ֻЩ־䣬Ҳܰɣ
ʮһЦû뵽үȻĶ̬Ȼ֪¶ǾӢȻ䣬οߺߡ
״ʱȻһЦҲٶ˵һӶǰ˰ΣƬ̣ȥһŨͬʱһ޺Ӷ״һϢʱ䣬嵽ڣʱżĿȻһͷ״Ļޡ
ͷһ֣ž޿ڳһȺү˹ȥһȺүǷ֮ӵܣһǶĸ֣þǵ£ԾԾԣ׼¶ֶΡ
ʱһХӪʷһҹХǻһԭӴ˲ͻɻң𵱳
ʲôֶΣȻ
ֶξǶѵЩʿ
ʿֶβǵĶ첻٣ؾʿˡ
һȺү۷׷׵ʱǵҹɢ¶Ȼһӡֳһɫϴһ˿Цݡ
ʮ̸үһϹݣʲô˼
ԭħڵɱӣר޴ɱ¾Ϲݡ΢΢һЦսͱ˵ɱ¾˲˿©ǡɱ¾⣬ơ˽ı֡
ʱϹݰûɱϢֻü֮ӢǹļȴʾĲ
ԭͳ죬ҲǸол޳ûλųְˣѵɱ޻дɣ
үʱһתһãܺãɱޣһᣬȷȥ̽ǹɣֻͣǴΣգϹҲȥɣ
Ϲԣ˿·ӣתͷĿүһۣʱƺԼͷܶ
ǰϹ¶һֶֹΣүֻñæô㲻ȥҲգ㲻ȥȥˣ
ϹݹһЦͳͳ£ȻͳҲӣονΣն˵ʲôλСһ㣬ñ˵ǡ
㣡ү伥һʱ֪˵ʲôϹǳƵЦһ˵ͳȥһ̱㲻Ӱ
ү״Ǻ⣬һɶ񣬾ȻС
ʮһ΢΢һЦү˵ǣЩʿ̫ѲŰҲǲūأ
⻰ү΢䣬˵ͷͬʮӵ˵
һһȺүҲʧȥȤһ׷׻صӪʣʼųʿǰȥ̽顣
Ӫ֮УΪĺնɳһΪ׵ĵĴӡӵʱһͷ֪ʮӺͱĦɯֶΣǵûзԣȻ
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪ǲǱĦͣһ׼ҷŹվǳ֣ˣһԼ֡
ȻΪһĴӣһԶӳҪ㹻Ĺⷽ棬Լ嵥ųȥʮӵĺڹ첱Ӵ֣ʮӶ
ΪһȥʮӺͱĦɯȴ㹻Ǯͳʮһ⡣
һһȥıӰӪ֮ǰж͸׹⣬ûеζɱ˵˼ɼһթжˡ


һһ ʿۣ
ؿӶ֮пνգĶֻһĪѩ˲μӣ̳һһһӶԣſӶ֮²ðĻüͷ΢壬תͷĪѩĪʦ֣ʦ㣬ǿɸоϤϢ
ѩӣ˵ͷһϢȻû̫࣬ȴһɹĸоȴǲġ
ĪʱҲüͷһֻû뵽Щ޾Ȼû뵽ЩһͲ棬ҾȻܹܹǵĶĿֱ˳Ծ
һҡͷⲻǵı£Ҳ˵ʲôӲҪ˵ʲôҸо˵ǻ޵ֶΣ˵汮䱾Դãܹܿǵʶ
⻰ԭЩԾѩĪ˸Ǵһһĸ֪ϸϸ·ȴҲоһЩͬ
ʦܺĶڻ޺ۼ汮мơѩ˵ţĿһһۣƺһȤȶӺǿ
ĪҲڸӦѩһ״ȻһЦæΧʦܵȷҿһ˶Ȼ򵥣һСΪ˵ţһһݹԶ
Щݹ֮ħǿļݹ֮жˡ鹫ӺƷһȺħŵӵĴӵ֮·ɹһѩˣǸӣһ˱㳯·ȥ
˺֮˸պþǶƾȴǶһˣͬһ˫ĿһһۣҲʲôͬͶȥˡ
˺Ҹ֣ħѪһڴˣȻ࣬ƺɵѩĪˣݺݵĿһۣҲȥ
⻹ɷսϢɹǲ¶棬ֻһӽкɱͳ·Īѩ˵˶սħŵĿӺսӡ
ֵǣȻһ㲻֣һ־ҪսſȥȻʹȥɼȻսɿ񣬵Ҳ֪ػ
ħˣɵҲǿӢĽӡһγһԪڵӢӲûУҲȺ¶棬¡ſͼ軨˼һͬʱ֣¶飬ʾ֮Ҳ˵ȥˡ
˾ͽ˳ʱѩȴǱ΢෴˾ͽһֱһȴǿʲôһҲûж໰ֻǼ򵥴кҲӶ֮ȥˡ
ЩΪĸ֮˾Ҫȥʱ̨צӺһϢͷһת㷢ֵĸԴڣȻǵո̵ʮһӡԭƽṩ֮һ̺궯
һҲȻ췴һ͵ѹȻƬ̣ӡ㱻ѹֻǾʱһԺ֮С֮һˣ˾Ȼ͸ǰɹһħŸһģһ
ô£ѵҲӣӡ֮໥ӦӰ죡
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ȻƬ̣иĸǰһֶȥΣûбǷ֡һִǰӹȥȻ̨֮ӡСһδαȷһͷĲ²⡣
ʦܣ¡˵Ҫʶ֣עȴЩϣѵʲôֵĵطֵʦעⲻɣĪһƣҲ࣬ڱѯ
һԣ˵ӻͳöհ򣬹עЩϢݸ˶һһö
ĪѩҲ򷭿һ飬ֻȫһЩֵħЩǰһעˡ
Īɻ󣬱ѯʵʦ⵽ʲô˼Щѵʲô
һصص˵ͷֳһ˿֮ɫ֪ʦֺʦ֪̣
ʣɫ΢䣬ȴͬʱ˵ͷĪȻ֪˵һشٵĿˣѵʦ˵Щ̵ˡ
˵仰ĪҡҡͷԼĲ²⣬ӦòܣŴϣԼڿɽʱͼÿˣ̵ˣ֮ȫ⡣
һ⻰ٽϵʮĻͷΪʲôԷҪôӵķʽĪ΢΢һЦСܲǲһԪλϵʵֻǴƶߣиֶֹβһħ֪֮ʦֿ


һһ Ⱥ
ħ֮ĪҡҡͷţϹħȴ֪ʦ̡ܼ
һҲӣһԶԼ̵ʮֻ֪ǱܿԼܵʮ鲻̸ˡ
һУĪѩЩšն˶һʶ֪ƭǡһ֪Ȼû˵Ҳ׷ʡ
Ȼˣʦܵ˼ѵҪɱЩ̵ɣѩĿڵ֮дɭɭ⣬ƺЩǰֻܳɱӡ
һҡҡͷȻնݳҲвסƽЩӵ˻вûбᡣЩԼ֪ѾħǾʹɱˣҪ˷顣
Īͷʾͬ⣬ȷʵЩҲܺߡֻʦ˵ЩƺѹȾͻἤԾǳ֣ҲǼǱɰˡʦܼȻ£а취˵
Ƥ߸ԼһЦһʲô취ĲǲǵĴڰˡҲֻСĲҪǰ㣬ѾˣǾֻܲˡ
ԣĪ̾һܿͻ֮㣬ѩϽһȻ˶뷨һ״֪˵棬Ѿ࣬ӦöŽĪѩһͬȥˡ
֮Уһ·£лһתȪȡȥû˿谭Ҳ֪˶һ·ſ档
˷ݺύͨһԼеϤȴ˵ʲôоĪѩ֮˾ͷж
һѡһͨ룬սûаɣл޳֡Щǽ𵤼𣬶ÿһͷƺѲߡ
һû뵽Щǰֻϣ˵ǰһ㣬ʮٱҲֻܶɻһ̬ŹЩޣ衮ȪĻϢű仯ǱС
һлȻЩǻȴûзһǱ룬վѲһ֮㳯Ũĵطȥ
һ·ȥֺüѲ߻ޣҲкأۼһʯǰһ룬Ｔ㲻ϳҲǾݵһĴڡΪܹ߽׻޵ʱ򣬺һŭȴ洫̶һͷͷһĶɳڻ޺һɱ
һһ۱ϳֹɷι﻽ɷħϲõĶ֮һֻǴ壬һֻĺڵĸֲܿƵס뵽ͬ̽ʶףԼħʿڽɱޡ
粻רŵȵʱ
һһҲͬһʹɷһһһߴʶȥһɷħʿͷͻħʿħѾͷͬѹסڳԸĵͽ׻ޡ
һ˼һתĴսҡһ䣬һͷ˵ĻޣϢһɣȻҲųĻ
仯ɹһҲ˿ͣ٣һӺצ㽫⼸ͷɷˣǷƵĳʯ֮С
ԭվϷħʿܹͷޣ˵ܹõʲôϢʱȴǰ·ɱҧ𡣱һĻѽѽžͳ˻
ħʿڲʩչħԸһϮŭһĵħԪʱһ鼡˸ͳһ˹ȥһ״Ҳһ˫צҲץȥ
ѰޣҲ͸ħͷƴһ£һвҹҹϴˢԭ죬ȻԶԶ֮࣬ǿҲѰ޲ȵĳЩѪ
ټ֮£һײֻһ죬ħʿ˫۾Ȼֱۣӽ۵òҽзˡ
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ͷޱŭˣϷŹæ׷ȥʿĶݷЩֲֶܹ⣬׷һط׷Ǿͻ
һʱָƣͷ޼״һ˿ɫȻڴһע⡣ƺɵŵĳ֣һֱڵȴʱ
һ޴ٽβ֪ǵıԡ˼һʱϢ濴ڷɿĻظܿ죬Ϣͳͷޡͷ޷͵Ϯ뷨ֻһȫָ


һһ Ͷ
о̶㹻һƻѹͷޡֻκαʾֻĿǣƺǿڸһ
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뵽ǵ˳޻µֱֶӱɣͷһݵͷ
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֣޻ʵĹڣ㿴䣬޻ʶûеܰ˵䣬ͷ͸Ľ֮ɫ
һԴȻ֮ԱǣȴҲޡٴͬʱСķųʶͨȥ̽ӡǲ֪һˣ޴ʯ֮оȻнͷޣ޽ϵĶǧͷҲнͷҲʱл޽ɼ޻²Щޡ
뵽ǵصĻ޳һҲͷƤ飬ôʱޣȻȺ֮
ͷ֮£Ž޻ʹ֮Сܿ͵õ޻ʽӼĻᡣһȴªֲڵĴ֮У޻ʳ֡
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һԣ֪޻ûпԼݣֻŰˣͬʱͷЦѣ޻ʾȻһƣһǵʣµģβ֪ӦԷ
һ޻ŵȴʮֻŵϿҵĽԼα˴ˣӳϸϸ˵һ飬пνǺ©һڴ޻ʣһݡ
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޻ʼһʿ˼֣ٱƨһģҲȥһ˵ĲǼһȻ츳ͳ壬ⲾǲͶ£Ȼˡ
˺޻ؽһŶһ֮˵ȥˡ
˺ôͷҲϲһȼ֣˸һɭϵǰ
֮˵ɭϣԭǰվλػ˼Ҳټġ
޻ŴһУһ΢ʮɴСĸӷǰһһ΢ʱͷһ¡


һһ ն
Ȼһ󣡡
һԾͬʱͷҲ΢΢һϲյĽûİٷ֮һһ󷨷ǰֱǱһĴڡ
һΪڼӣͷ໢޻¾ǲͬȻܹǽʾ֭һ֪󷨡
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֪ˣλ޻ʴ˳⣬Ȼֻܺ޻ʣҲҪŨأ
һȻ֪˵ʲôҲͣͬʱòһ֪Ķ˳֮һ˳
Ʋ⣬һǵΧĪǵĴֻնɱ޻ȥ֮ڻ޲ûаߣʩչ󽵵ص¡֮ǰ²ģ޾ȻýĮ֮汮Լ
Ϊضأǳ˱ܿâ֮⣬һ˼ǾǽȫϷ֮һ׼ԴΪﵽһʮرĵططһ²⣬ǾǴ˵еġѨ
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뵽һֻñֻˣһαƣǱƳӣٴԸоԼǴ˳µһС壬Ҫͻʬ޴ľء뵽ԭΪʵ˼ʱ
һסΪھ³޻ʵϣȰ˵һʵҲغ£ǳ޻ȻȴҲԹ˲Ͼѡһ޻ʸԶĵطפأϻȴ󱬷Ǹʱ򣬴ҶȥѨ˭Ҳˡ
һԣعӶ֪ûл㹻Ҫֽڵ׼Ҳʯ֮зԭڡʱΪ޻£ȻҪִһЩΣʾģһξѡפصصġ
뵽˴һҲжϢȥæҲãֻ޻ʵҲλְæָһ
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˵ͼָһȺһ·񱼣ûþפڡҲһʯңʯҪСܿ죬ͨǣҵ󷨽ڵڡ
»ȥѲӣһһʯ֮УתȪע֮Сʱʶ֮гһ棬󷨡ͬǣǰ󷨲ȫϸȴϸڵŵ˷ÿһ·ĳԺ֮С
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һˣһһ߲󷨣һ߽Ȫ֮ľ֮УʼΪԼһȫشʱҴңʮʱ䣬֪£ƿǧڵ㡣
ֻͬĵǣǧСڵ֮оȻоųɶ㹻طҲǿ¾󱬷ʱͲ̫ˡ
취ϢֻǴ˼谭СŲ̲ʹãֱӸʦʦǾͼ򵥶ˡ
һ˼ʱһ˻ƵĲҽд洫һͷ޻Żææĳ
󵨣˵˲׼ôѵɣһŭӣһƲȻƼֱҪ˶ʳ
ͷ޼״ŵ˵ָֻ棬߶¸ͣƺʲôֲĶڽӽ
һһʶȥͷʱһϲ˯ͷ˱ǽϢȥ
ǰ²ͣĻޣװģŭһһŽ߿㳯ȥʮأһҽһػǰ¡ʱһֱŶ


һһ Ϣ
һͻȻǶȵ꣬ٶֿ죬Ϭ̶ȿ׶Ͻ񣬱ǿҲ׵ֵһһҲʮѵá
ֻѾ⣬˽ҲǵңڽǧҲѲ˼ʶҪ㿪Ҳǲܡ˻޵Ľɫ׶ܣǷ쳣ˡ
һȻע⣬ȻֶΣ쳤Хһ˫һ¶ǰһǰһǽ˫ײһȻб˳ȥնԱߵĻϡ
üһˣ
һЦһӳǰһϢֳֳҲڸǲ秵Ϣһʱȴǹһ˿ƼЦ
һײ֮Ҳʮɣվ͵̧ͷͷ˽ʮ־ǽҲһ򽣳̶ȣǽ֮оȻкȻ֮ӦҶŵĸˡ
Ϊ֤һĲ²⣬ӱĵĿһۣʮҶԹ֮תתȥżɱһЩҲСආû뵽һͷʮֲʵѰǿһ֣ڶȻкñǾҶȡɣ
䣬ཫһֻ⳯һɱһʱƺ硣
һͷЦǰֶζԸˣȷʵһα㹥ͷ˵ʲôоʱȴǸпʱ䣬򽣣һҲȥ
ɱһģ»޵սʽֵһ˼ͷɿתʼгν˼ϢͨഫȥֶΣһͷ
˶ǧΣȻദϷ磬ȴûһ㡣ֻҲżһȣķĹ
ʱһһ״Ϊ޲ǻۣȻ֡˭֪ɱһϢȻ仯ȪȻˮ״
ǣȻгԽĻȪ֮ˮ
״ЩԾɫ΢΢أȴûȴص֮һ˿ȤȻ
ˣ㵽˭ȻȱʹԴ󷨣һҪ㣬֪һһܴѣͬʱֳһö״ĶʼǻȪ֮ˮˮ˹ȥ
󷨣ԣټһʱһȪˮ˹ȴ˿ɣæ򽣣Լǰ
Ȫ֮ˮһ赱նɱͷ޻ʱԴᣬν󷨿ֻǸӡȪ֮ˮۻ֮մȾҪʧȥԣմȾɶཫᴿ⣬һͱˡ
ˣоһ֮˷ѹԽԽǿƺҪûޱ߻֮С
ν·ʤܹԪӤ磬Ҷŵ࣬Ȼų֪֮Σ̲ݻͷһת뵽İ취
üͷһϢȫȻһֻһһɳһ˹ȥ
״ԭװһͷһЦŭһſǿֱֳߵĽȥ˭֪ǧ֮һϢʱ߽⾡ɢұ߽ⶸȻһһֽƵ
һϣŤһȦͬʱҽ˲䣬󷨶ѹȾʧ򽣺һϣһ˲䣬ͺǰĻȪˮ
һšһţŭһæջػȪ֮ˮһƬŨǰһ߳񱼣һߴе壬㾹˱ţһĻһ彫ȡʤ˶Ҫᣬᡭ
⻰໹׷ȥնƻ֮ﻹһӰ뿪ȴöһɫʱ䣬û˼׷һתͳȥ
֮һص˴ʱﻹаɫֱҲ˿ܣҲʧǹһ˿΢Ц˵ͷ˲ŲҷôľôһϷ
˵գⱻնɱĻ޽ٺһЦȻģȻҪһˡοϢͳȥȻҪٻңˣûˮ㣬ЩֵġϾģҲⰡ
˵ţһȪڵ㣬Լ»ָΣѾȡһڵ㷽ȥ


һһ ˮ
Դӿʼǲʿ̽ʱ䣬˼ȻżʿطԹһͨʮӴĻޣй⣬ûеõʲôõϢ
һѲ߶ͬһѲߣǼӵʱ򣬺һǰδŨĻ𡣻ĴӿŻ޳֣ŨĻʲôȻǲԶ
һȺʿԴͨ棬ǲֵʱû޳֣Ǽݹ䵽Ǽʿ
ٴȥͳ죬Ҫ鱨ϱ
˵࣬һõ󷨵Ϣ֮ȴûϱҹһͬȷһղȷⷱĵԹʵһ֮ڿ϶
ЩʿЩɡཫƷų֮ٲҵһϱͳ죬һðȼˡֻЩĽ䱸˵ǰ˵Ǽӡ
˲ùȻǰˣһ̸֮ҲʶԣƬ̲ҳɴżȥӪ֮СһֱоŹͳͬʱμӣʱûеóӹ
۵ʱ򣬼ͻ᳡Щүװ༸Ȼ֪ݣȴϸоǿ˲׶ԷһݣǾǴ˵вĶʸ֡
ʿڶʿԵԽУԼĹֶΣǶԼǵݡǿԼ׷ɵĴڣʿǿҲǿܳˡ
ԽȴһǰᣬǾ˫ʵȣʿʵǿʱ򡣵ǶʿʵƾͻᵴȻ޴棬Ͼʵ磬͵̸ԽС
ʱ˿̣⼸ʼߣ༸˾ָоæԼ񣬰ڳһ̬
⼸ҲΪǣѯһ֮Ҳüͷ󾭹һ򵥵Ľλȷ¡
һʱ֮Ӫ֮жʿʿͬʱõһǾȫ߿ӣ޳Ѩƻ󷨣оŹͳӡš
һʱ䣬޿չһսϢӪأڶʿû˿η壬˵ǵȴľһ̣ʿǸǲ£ΪɱǱе񣬸οжʿͬУžڻҲԼ
һ޵սһİг¿ʼˡȺӵĶʿʿӶ֮У˴ӣС¡Ĳֵͼ׼ԽͨѸԼķʼѰҺƻʱȴʿҲ½õϢʼ󷨽д
ȴ˵һһڵڣһ޵Ĳҽд˷һΪĲҽУ㰲һһͷ޵ʬϣֽ̧ڵıУûȪлЦЦ
һͷնɱĵʮͷΪΪߣǧҪڵָơȻеĽڵѾעֻеͽ׻ѲӣվЩڵֹעЩȻͳһ񣬶̶գѾһˡ
оԶ𵴣ǹһ˿ЦһΪҪʧˣû뵽ǳɹˣҪһˮʱ򣬷ҵʿǵڻңǿЦڼȻˣѹҿԳԵ֮һЩ׼ˡ
ͷһ͵ǰĽڵ㣬ʼʶ󷨣ȻƬ֮ӦñֶѹȴûаϢһͷһϲʲô𣬱㳯ͨȥ
ͨһ·ʮڵ㶼ƣƷΧ֮֮Ҳӳϣһʱͬһ֮иκ˷Ϣʹڡ
ʱ䣬Ŀĵصڡǵ޻ʵĹڡۿȥȫǸָĻޣʱĸӽһЩĿ޻ʵı⡣
Ҫֶ֪ǶʿʿʹãǻҲܹʹáǱǱںˣ˵ǿʣں̶ܴϾ˻޵ĵȼԡиǿı߸ʵı֮Уͻǿǵȼ
һͶ޻ʵʱ򣬱㱻⣬ʶıһֱġΪ˲ݾߣûж֡ǧѷĺûᣬλŹ
֮ͻΣֱӶڶ޵۾ǰⱦǰȴҲͷޡǶһ󷨵ĴڣҪ⿿֮ͻȴЩΪˡ


һһ 󷢺
رͷһ׼ٺһЦųĵȪصױ㳯ͷ˹ȥСټڻ޾յľͷ¡
һͺһ󶯣ʱĵ͵ͻֱͷġ
ͷʵּϴ˴ǸڣΪȫڡǱҲûз̫˼û뵽ܹƲ谭ǰھʹӵ·𹥻ȵǸоͻƵһ˲Ĳȴǳˡ
ãС
Ϯֻû˵ڣڻ˲ͻܿƣ˵¶ͷһʱ֮ľͷһĴڡ
ûᣡ
һüһЦλһӰԽλȥλֻȴǶҹܶҲֻƴȶڻ
޵ֶ붷ʿһǴԵģûоɵֶβýƺͽԳλ⣬ûʲô赲һһΣνᳵ·գ۾ͽ뱦⡣
ⱦļª̶ʿñ⻹ҪªҫȴǸҫۣȻһ޻ʵıⲢһؿԱ⡣
һ뱦ɽĸоӿͷһٺһЦҲѡʲôӣſͿʼ͵һ۴ĥ̻С֥飬ûһܹһȡ̶ʮϢĹ򣬼бﾡ֡
һʯ̨ϰڷҫıһͷһϲʯ̨ǰһһöԴӣϰ߲·һµķġ
ʮ죬ˣľעϹľľӣľ˵õľ˫ޣȻ°빦ϧҲľ䣬˿õˡ
ڿһȻһöʯӱ濴öʯֻѰʯ࣬̽ȥһɹɳϢƺıԴ
֮ʯ
һ㵵뵽һǴм֮веģϹŴıʯһöܹ˸ôͷһöϢһ̾ҪǴ˵еƺ˲١
֮ʯҪ֮£һ֮ʯԣȻӦˣ̫֮ԶΪÿʮһνѣɹ֮ʯһöдƷ˵߽ϰɣ
˵Ǳ߽ϣһɻϲѣﶼһƷԽıˡȻﲻ޻ʱ޻նɱԴ֮дġ֮ԲãΪԲϡֻû뵽ձһ
һٺһЦĽУҪȥ˭֪ʱŶӰ˽
ˣô޻ʱ⣬ٽｻɱ⣡ӰǷűǿ˻˽һ˲٣Ȼȥͨ޻ȥˡ
һ״һЦҪȻҲü
⻰֪һϽ׷ŭһͳ˹ֻǱڣĲ٣Ե˲١
һȻһЦǽ֣Ⲫ˽һ壬˲佫ȫʵʩչֱӰ弶𣬵һնһֱϮͷ
ܣ⽣̫֮ܲȴɱһзֽͬһ㣬Ƭ̶ֵסͷͬʱز𡭡
ķ֮һ֮޻ʳ뱦⣬տգ滹ͷʬ壬ڵıͱȡߡһ޻ʵŭ𣬲Ƭ֮ͻָ·ûһ
ͷ֮һͷæԵ޻ʴˣѵǲ׷ɱô
޻ĿһۣҪ˶һ㣬һɫһ˿ƻ׷ɱΪʲôҪ׷ɱܹɱ˵ôȥǿ䣬ô˵ٴη׷ɱ飬ø˰ɣ
⻰һ¾ãȻΨ˽⣬æĽƨһȥ޻Ϊﶪʧˬתü֡
ȴ˵һ޻ʵı⣬ͷϲԭʹ֣ȴôʱǷŹ˷ѡ
š벻ȡǴ뷨һգڶĿ޻ٽǸǧ޻ʡ
ͨѰڣܿҵͷǧ޻ʡ׻Уһϲķڱķ޻ʻв磬һϴ֮һٴƮȻȥ
ν޺Ʋҹݲʡ̶ʱ䣬һϮ޻ʵı⣬õı֮ǰڻ룬еõĻҪʮ
һò㹻ȫֻƵʱˡʱսѾݱȴûʱƷˡ


һһ 
ȴ˵չȫ湥֮󣬶ʿʿ˶֮սҲǽ״̬ԣڻһҪ׼󷨣Բֶûг֡һʿļ룬ЧԸ޵ֶζԼ󷨼ӳ֣һʱ֮䵹ռϷ硣
սµƽеĸ߲ƺʶƻʶƣæ½󷨵ĸַųս֮СһӦǻվϷ磬ûЩдͶսһɷʿ֡
Щ֮ǰӶĸ֣ӢĽӼۣвٶ֡Щֱǲмڶʿͳ֮սۼսֽܣҲǶʿʧܣԼǿҲֻǹ¾ս֧ǵĳþŤתٴλָƾռϷ硣
һһȺ֮еһˣźʱѹ޻ʱ⣬һ޻ֵʱȴ޻Ȼʵǿǽ䱸ȴʮܣǱʮֿ
ףԼѾ޻֪˵ЩϧһȴҲʧΪһϴѾˣ޻ʾնɱȡ˱ҲڵõĶõȥ
Ȼص֮УһȻնͳ졣ֳֻսνͬСɣֵĵգնͷºպչͳʮҲ̫ƣֻܶһЩΣһɰˡ
һգʮ뱴ĦɯڲࡣԶ˶ʵǴսҹڻ£Ǳģս½ʱȻǴսݡһս֮󣬱ͣ
ĦɯСһʮӻУϻͣźΣ˵ȴʲôȰ˵ʮɱһıߡʮǷܵĵ˵ͷֻܻˡ
ʱһƥƹӪ֮У˻ûлعһͻأǰĿŶ
ĦɯȻΪŮҲŮӣİ˿˸Ҳ̲סŭһҪ֡˭֪߽һһֱӽ˹ȥ
ʮӼֻоţĦɯΣһ˴ߵݵСʮݼүү֪үүǰСʮƣүү£
ǵ̫ϻʣҲǳѩѾãΪ֪Ķʸ֣Ҳǵİܹĸ֮һһʮһ۵ϲʲôҲù㣬һ£ȻʵҲˣǲܽΪȥǸλվȣ
ʮæͷǣлүүѵСʮסˣֻǻүүô֪˴ǰΪ£
̫ϻһ𣬽ͷųγһɼĶϽסſڵҪ⼸ȥִ˳λ̳е˳Ͽǰżλ˵űݹһž
⻰ʮֳһ˿ϲæӹᣬһ֣ǷűĦɯȰһˡȻɻȴҲæĴӦ޵̽һʲô⡣
̫ϻϳɾβҲ⼸ƺʵǣһЩʿҲˣЩ̫Σգ
˵Щ̫ϻһʧ֮Сֻʮ㶵ĿеľᣬԳһ˿Ц
֮һûʲô񷢵˵Ķϣһһ㣬񣬴˵Ĵӵǰȥޣƻ󷨡ָֻص㣬ȴֵļ޵Ӱ
һĪѩվ֮ǰЩ޵ǳĥϣҲʽȷ˵ݡһȻû¶̫ʵϢ;ƵİգֲֶΣӦսһ˵ļ¼Īѩ¶ƥʵÿÿҪͷ
֮ǰƾնĪе绡һţ˸ţţʮѤֵ˶֪ÿһ˿绡Իɱһͷ޽νѤ֮аɱ
ѩһ䣬ǵĮƺԼһżһʱЩ仯⣬ʱͬһ㡣
ʦܣоƺЩ԰Īе绡΢΢һЦ
ȷʵҸоˣҲ鿴һ°ɣ˵ţһָյ㻯һһ΢󷨳У̶ͷһƾ֮ǰĲϣԼӷԲ֮ڵ
ɨ⣬ҪԶط̽ȥʱ򣬺һǿ⣬ȴǻ޵֣һ˲ʧһҪ̽Ѱʱƺоѹ󷨵ʮ۾Ȼ仯һѹӲ֮б˳


һһһ Ա֮ʩ
ͻأĴһ͵һһŻָɫҲÿ˿ҲǱˣʱ޻ʸֳɱи࣡
⻰ڳͬʱɫĪһڻǳˣֻû뵽ûдﵽʱ䣬ǾͼذͷǵڻңŶףҲ̫ˡǼͷ޻ʣҽˣ
ѩҲϺ˪Ȼû˵һ罣γȴҲʾ˼
һ״Цһһ򣬵һսǲɣֻǼȻǣȻкУ˵þһ벶ȸںǼɱǰ޻ʣҲǼ˱ˣ˷ǵòʧ
⻰ĪѩҲеһƣʼһƬ֮ĪһЦһвȻûôʹ죬Ա֮ʩȴҲʮֿ⣬ʱܱһʵһʵ
һĪͬ⣬㿴ѩƻĪԻﵹҲͨΨѩͨ
ʱѩ̧ͷζĿһۣ˵ͷҲͬ⣬ֻʦñ֤ǵİȫ˵ţָָ̣˿ˡ
Ȼ˵һתͷ̵һ޻׷ɱǣ˾ǣҲ׼˴׼һȫڣֻҪŵͼǰȥ䲻˵֤ȫ㿪޻׷Ӧû⡣
⻰ԭΪԼȻ޻ʹ֮˴һ̣ȻҲԪӤ֣ȴףԼ޻һĸǰǲһһˣҷֿ֮ǰһİűûгԹʲô
뵽Ҳֽ̧ӹһݸһлϰţһ֤ǵİȫ
һͼһ̳֮ϾҪȥʱ˿֮˳һ˹
ЩӣһĲľӡȻʮ˳ɹǽһͻƽڣ𵤺ڣֱӴﵽ𵤴ԲʵľǴԪӤ֣֮н̳ϡ
ԭ纮÷ѩһҪ޻ʣҲɵСŮ̬֮иһ˿ǣһָ֮תĪҲ֪ٵҲãֻܶ磬Ī磬ϣ뱣أ
һ״Цһ˵ͷĪ⡮硯֣ϵһ˿ѵõЦ⣬صص˵ͷģҲµģ
ĪĻ˿ƺĲ٣ϸһ˿ΣҲûٶ˵ʲôæתͷȥһ־һ˱Ѹȥˡ
һ޻׷ȥҲ̶̵ʮϢʱ䡣һʯҾֻһˡ
ĪȥķԼϵЦ⣬һȻҲòϵȻˣҲжˣȱǹڣ֪ʦֺʦԸѡһߣ
ĪջĿ֮лָ֮ɫȻڱҲʮֲˬһЦνֻҪܸ鷳㹻ѵҾˣ
ѩ˵ͷֻúüʶʶЩʵķɡ
һ˼һתˣҽ̽ĶڶǣʣλͽңܹһСľϲ
˽׼ȴ޻ʵ٣ȻƬ̣һŭ壬¾ô࣬αҪʬΣ
ʬΣҲҪɣһ޻ʵҲ
һҲһҪȫɱˣ޻ʵҲ
ը죬ʯҵ֮ͨͬʱڵԻޣŨĻʾͬѰݣǾǻ֮еĻߡ
λ޻ʸճ֣˾ȻߣҲһƬ޻ЦǼһﲻ˵ǶôôôСһһǶʿ˵ʿˡ
һɫ޻ʿЦ˵˵ټҲһﵹùˣɱٻȥɣ㿴ǶŵòҶˡ
ɫɷ׵޻ߵΪɱһܹһЩⱻԵʧû뵽Сһǿɶ񡣡
һȤĿ޻˵һ޻ʣƺϴٹһ뵽öԷ֪Լϴˣ¾Ͳôȱȱˡ
ȻһʮҪһԣջǼƻΪأȻһЦ˹ֵҼλ޻ʣֻǽҵѾɶʴУھҪȥˣʧ֮¡


һһ ˮ
ʲôУѵﾹȻƺõģ޻һ㶣ǲš
ȻˣˣΪδĳ޻ʶѵǻƳ޻ʲɣ˵ʱλʴѾ˸λϳأһǹһ˿Ц
һЦ⣬ٻ򽻵֮ʱֳĽթλ޻ͷһȻȫţȴҲͷɻ
޻ʣô˵Ǽ٣ѵһҲƭ˲ɣ
ߣǼ٣Ƚ׽ʱһоͶˣ
ǻܣôѣʽץȥ򣬱׼ʲô˵
˵䣬ɷƤ޻ûģȳ֣˫ֵһץɻצճץֵֻǣ˾Ȼܣ㱻ץС
޻ֻһ˵ҶҲͳԼǰϹֻʮɵʱԭͷɥ͵̧ͷý׹ͬʱƵը飬ŨĻʯҡ
ôѱʵֶΣ޻Щš
ȻУץɣǳ޻æ֣һ˷ȥȴһӰûץס
ǶҪˣһ׷һץ
޻۾һ۱㿴һ˵Σȳһķ׷˹ȥ޻ͷޣ޻׷ȥǲԼ󣬷ֱ׷ѩĪȥ
ȴ˵һˡԤõͨȥоǱ޻ʵϢǹһ˿Цǵӿٶȣһٶñ޻ʿԸ
޻ʸоһٶȽͣΪľæ׷ȥȻƬ̾׷һ󡣾ʱһһٶȻӲ٣ڽ޻˦ں档ñ޻ʴһֿԿ׷ϵľ롣
һһ׷һ·޻Ϊǻ۵ĻޣȻҲǹǷơһǺεưģԾӸһϣʱ䣬һڸоͨǰһϤϢ
һЦٶȣ޻׷ۼҪ׷ϵʱ򣬺󺰵ʴ˾
һ󺰶ʱŵˣһ׷ı޻ʣһͨͷŶϢ޻ʳԸһ˵ĳ̫ϻʡ
ѵ˴壬õ壬ϵˣ
ôܣסϢûܹңô׷仰ѵ
޻ʺͳ̫ϻͷͬʱӿͬ˼ûȷж޻ѾתǣպÿϢڴ˵̫ϻʡ
о̫ϻϵĶϢ޻ȷԼƣͷŭҿָ̫ϻʴеΪƾһ˾ܹԸ޻ʣۣһԱĵľУ֮
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ݺݵĿһһۣһ̫ϻһһɶǹСⳤǹҲһ̫ϳϽ֮УһһѹķƲԭݵҲ𣬴ĵȻͬǹȥ
һǶʿ֮ز¶Ķʣһǻ֮ͳ޻ʡһһ½۷ڣսҲһÿÿһ֮ܽʯһȦս֮ҿɼһߡµʼٸߣһһԣ˱Ϲۡ
һû֣޻Էģ̫ϻĺ޲ѣֻҲ벻ͨԼļƲα𴩡뵽˿ܻ⣬ʿҲڻңΪա
ʱһ뵽ʲôٺһЦʴˣסޣ⼸λѾȥϳλۣȻܹײޡ
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̫ϻû뵽һȻɴ࣬˵߾ߣҪ׷Ѿоƴɱı޻ʣֵֻܹ
һһˮνʮֳɹгر֮ˣοϾʹȥ鿴֮󣬽һת㳯ȥ


һһ ȫս
Դȫ֮󣬾ŹͽԴӪᵽĴӪͽһ޴ʯ֮СɳʿȷսԴʱӪ֮бֵսǶʿΪ˷ʽ͵Ϯ֮භʿѲ߲ݡ
ڴʱһ޴𶯴ͬʱӿޱ߻ǻ޳ֵǰףڶ˿·׷׼սһ̣һЩսĶʿֶԾѡ
ͨȻһʮҳ֮󣬱һ𣬲Ļ޴֮ͨгÿһͷŨĻΪ׵ʮͷޣһɢǿϢȻ֡
Ϯ͵Ϯ
ѲߵĶʿھĳԾ֮󣬱ûĴУһų˲Ӫ֮д˷ˣϢĻǱսĶɿܳӪжǳغࡣ
ʱݵӪկ֮УʮӺͱĦɯףһ˵ĻȴͻȻⲻгڲĶˣʮַУ˷߲㣬ȴֲܲ֡
ʰ׼ʲô͵ϮʱһӪ֮УŶλ£벻Ҫ֣
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ǲôûǰǱͷ޻ΧҲһ٣ֻǰ·ϾȻһλʴˣҵ찡
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ԭλ̫ϻʣ˼ǿ׳ѾƷͷ޻ʣڸϻءͳ˲صǸõĵԼǣ
ʲô˼ѵɱҲɣʮһǽ䱸֮ɫ
ȻǣˣɱֻлϮλӭˣ
ѵĦɯŵʵԻ֣ڡ
ΪʿһѾŬˣ뿴λĳ⣬·ˣһ΢΢һЦһ㣬һ·Ѹ𣬺͹һ󽫶֮С
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һȻһЦһ䣺һϣһ߸޻ʵıˣ̫࣬վҪһˡһʧԭء
ͬʱһȺͬ˳һ㳯Ӫկ˹⻪һ¹ڲʮӺͱĦɯͬʱ֡˿ͬ˾޳Ѫɫʧ
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һսҹֱ죬ԭʿ½ع飬Ϻվƣȶʤ֣ɱɻ֮޲Ӵܶȥ
˵һǧ˰٣ΪսһĶʿҲ٣нĳɵˣһս֮󣬳Ԫνˡ
Ϊʿ䡯ʮӺͱĦɯˣһս֮˼ʿãִ˾ŹΪӢۣһʱֻǿǣսʼûã˾ͱһȺŰɱ˶ѣԵӢš
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ȴ˵һս֮Ȼ˹ûʲôˣƺΪҲǱԵɣ˹ʼʽȫɱޡ
һսٲСС֣ҲƻΪĿģ˫һսͳ˽һĴڣÿ˵޶һ޴֡ڶʿͻ޶ԣʿǲǾӢиֱֶΣȻҲУȴҪ˲١
սƽŹפصĶʿЩʿ֮в룬Ķ⶷Ǽս֮̽ƾеսķƽ
һµʱ䣬ʧ֮˾ųɣҽһѹסһ֮УҲǳ޻ʵפڡ


һһ ı
һգһվսʱһսɹ½Ļ֮ڽʿԪָԴҲ˴룻ʧܣǶ½˵ǻŰ˵һƽ١
ս뵽زǻһ޻ʣǶʿһĶʶ׷ࣻΪʿһħܹԽսĸҲȺ¶档
֮⣬һЩԭԪӤڵĸֽ˼䣬ٴͻƵԪӤԲȻʵ壬ΪֶΣһҲܹסһͷ޻ʣҲǿս
սϣޣʿʿǰһʮ޻ʣʿһʮʣʿһӢĽ֮еʮˡһٸ߶ʵһǿһҲܹȻ޹ĸԴڡ
һһ躹ޣĬĬվĪѩҲۡ۲һ˼ʱ򣬺еһĿתͷȥǷǻ޷棬Ϊͬ˵Ķʿ档
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ȴԩ޳ΪλעԼһɻѡͷһתܿԵɣͷЦѡ
ԭϼһĪʦֺʦˮҲԩϾҪݺʿ֮еĸ֣Ҳ̫ϻһ˵㣬˵ЩϼһﶼзݣֻĶ䵽ͷϣҲֻܸűȥ
Ȼ룬һȴҲͷע˼֣ϾǿԸҲܵġĪѩ˵ע֮ٴιעսϵ
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˾ͽ˺ֱնһ֡ܽشΪơгеǣһ濪ʼͽ޻ѹסƿһսϷ硣
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⼸޾֧֣ԭһĴȻԾ˵ٶɣۣţڵ㣬·һ޶֮ǿȻƻ֮ǰǿʮ


һһ ĥ֮
󷨣
һһ۾Ϳһʵν󷨡ͨϵķʽʹ󷨵ǿ߸ıķʽȻ㲻ü򵥣ҲʮµֶΣ˵һͨʦҲܹʹá
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һת󷨷Χ֮ڣ޾һɹԪգתתһͷΪ𾪣ҲǼˣ˼ͷܿͻָһֹžĳ̶ȡ
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Ȼʱ󻹴ںδϢ𵴱ХΪԵһģ˵վȽţǱ紵ֶпܡ
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÷ʽ붷ʿһĲͬʿ߻ǽֵ֮סǿĥ֮ȻҲʼ˵ҲһΧ֮ڡ
ֻǸоĥ֮ǿͷףȻڻֵǵȻ޵Ĵȫչﵽߵʱ򣬾ǵ󷨲ƣǻָϲ˵ٶȣȫҲǸʱˡ
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ԭ֮вϲѵһ޻ʣʿߵı仯оǵûˣǲϵĻָɫʮֲÿˡ
Щʿǿɶû뵽ȻҲͨ󷨣±ȻǴ󻼣Ǽɣ
ЩһͻȻҵȻڣα¼ҹˣһҪɱǣܽͷ֮ޣ
ԣһϰıһ֮ͱϴ٣ЩĶʿģһǣҪɱǶر
ԣɱһҪɱǣ

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ˣԭһ޵ǿʤϷͱ˫ľֻһȡʤˡ
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뵽޻æֶɨ󷨣ֻһⶼûг֡Ϊ޽ɨ飬ֱ󣬲ŷһԲƵ©
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ʱ΢΢һЦΪܹٽһû뵽ôͱˣˣˣȻˣҾһݴɣ


һһ Ѩ֮
޻ֻܽ󷨸Ӧһȴǲһһͨ󷨴ʶӦңԶط֪һΪֻܾ޲󷨣׼һ޻ǰȥ̽
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˭ĸˣȻƻ󷨣ҪƤĽ
һıĳ޻ڸо½ʱҲάֲס侲һǿɢȻֵܹһ޻ˣ޻ʵ
ԭһ󷨵һ޻Ҳо󷨵ı仯æѯʵôᱻƻôܣ
ŭĳ޻ʺܿƽɫһžף˵Ҳ֪һ󷨷֮ǰͲֶΡ
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ŶȻпܣ˵ǻܽѨټ£Ҳ㽫ˣ޻а취ֹͣáæѯ
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ڶֵ˲䣬ڳͬʱоһ˿ԶϢ洫ƺڶһʮصڡ
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ԭ޻ǵһѨ֮г޻ʣֻǵʵҲֻѰ˵ǣ񣬺ĲѰһ챦֮ܣܶѨӦ
ÿ޳ܹ֮ǰһԣ£ɱֻͬöԷڵıˣĻ۲ѹ޻ʣΪǿ޻ʡ
һ֮ٻ޻һͬѨȻʿԭ򣬵ȴиͼıֻһУûϵһ࣬ԽרſǵġȪƻ󷨣ʹò˶Σһ塣
Щ۷׷ȴǰĶʿ˵һߵʿ޻ǰȻ֮⣬Ŀ˻һܣѰʲôǷˣһ˵Ѩ֮С


һһ Ѩ
޻Ծ롮Ѩ֮šбûϢһٶʵˡѨ֮šʵԭɲ޻Ƕʱѣ̴⣬׷ʹֶѶ֣㳯Ѩ֮űȥ
Ѩ֮ǰǻˤһݻ磺һģǡһ֮գ֮ʱ֮࣬ЦѨ֮С
һƻʹ޻ʷ쭣Ѩ֮š޻ѣ̶̼ʱ䣬һתۣټʯֻʣ°ҰĶʿԼһԵʿ
½ĶʿѨĿ־壬ʿһû̫оֻǿǺڶڣоѨ֮šΪɢڻرգ˶
ʱ֪˭һһԪڵˣ˵˵ô죡ˣħĿͶΪ񼯽ߡһԪڵˣ˼ԲҪһԪڿеõһ׼š
˵Ŀ⣬һԪһ֪ȱ˶١ʱһӰڶĪ
һս֮УĪ¶Ĵڣƾһеչǿʵʹԭû鱦ʵĿɿڴ
ȻûеԪӤ񣬵ֳʵͷԲǿǰʮǿһ棬ʱѹסȫ궯˶ĿֻҪһ𰸡
ƳһѨ֮ţתͷȻһЦλҲ֪ЩʵҪĵ籾Դñｫ֮ųųΪ˵뼸λһͬνѨʵǱԴڣҲһĿĵء
һʱһƬȻǡԴġĿĵءԤʾôĶѣҲ׺ôͬʱΣһֲ
Ī׼֮ʱ˰ż˵˴ϵܷȹش٣˼ΣգһԪڲǿκˣֻҪԸģһͬǰ˵գһһԪڸҲ롮Ѩ֮šʧ
ħɸҲ׷׸ȥݹͶ롮Ѩ֮šСƬ̣ԭصֻʣʮʿ˿һԻĶʿǣ֪ԼҲһʲô£ҧҧҲȥ
޻ʺʿȥ֮ԭʯҾȻֻʣ°һƬĶʿֻǴӶʵǶֻǿǡѨ֮šǰ
ʱһɫӰֵ֮߳˵ϻҷҲûͷˣȥһϽ߲ߣ
һ𶷻ʻ룬ڵڶԮ֮ǰ⻰һҲ˳ϻⱲѵһأѾͣʹһɣ˵ţһһͷЯֳǡѨ֮šȥ
˱λĻһЩĶʿǿҲͬܣϾǶʿȻҲӵǿȳ˶١ЩǿߵԸһʶҵĸЩ
Ƭ֮󣬱ʮȥʮ֮УҲ˼ŷ롮Ѩ֮šС
½½˽ʿ֮Ѩ֮ƺҲΪʼСʮɴСĺڿͻһɣȫرյʱһХԱߴһɷ׽
̫ϻݣһɣûһӰΪѾս֮Уû뵽ʱȻ֣ν˼ۺ졣
һƻ˴֮˹ܵѨ֮šеϢ˸ţҪУо̫ϻʵ񡣲˿ԷǺȻһЦʴˣˣ˵գһͷʧ
һĻ̫ϻжҪðҪѹðգֻšѨ֮šԽԽСʧǻŭйʯͷϡ
ȴ˵һͷѨ֮źһڵǰһۿȥںһƬûգû½أҲû飬еֻһɹɻǵϢǻȪ
ɵʱһƿ֮һͷͷĻ޳˹һʱĻЩġ࡯
һԻ޴ǳֲ飬һɳÿһҵһĿ꣬գۼ䣬ɱ֣ڱձһǳɡһ棬ɱͷޣȡȻֻǵͽױ಻öƷʯҲһʲСƸˡ
ʱûΪЩƸеˣΪʶ֮Уʮ򣬻ĻްΧšһףΪʲôѨҪΪѨ


һһ 󷨴ʦ
Ѩ޾ڰ֮УһǰҶǺѹѹһƬȻȫǸĻޡɳ㽫һƬޱɨֻһ˷Ļȥĳȥ
һת⽣˫ڱڶ޾ûܷɳȥޱ޼ʵĻ޺ͷֹﲻǡѨȻ޾ĻޣɱȥԪľһܹɱ꣬ˣˣ뿪һƬطѰɣ
һһ滻ԭĽ˲ûҰһ˿˿ȪϢɢԭֱĻ޸оϢ仯ǳɣоӸ߶˵Ϣʱŵ˺󣬲Բʮ֮ڱû˻޵Ӱ
ûлǰһٶȿ˲٣׼һֱ壬һŸоԾʱȻȻһ޴ޱȵ֮Сϸһ㵵ķȻԴ֮мơ
ԭˣȻһĴֹ֣ڲĴֹڲʴǴܹȫת˵ǽ뱾Դ֮Уǿһ¶ǾһˡʱΪֹȪ࣬ȥ˽ȫܡˣ͸ȥˣҲƵ汾Դñۻ½ˡ
õһƴΪʵȻ˵ȴҲ˳󷨵©ȥʱͣ½⣬תͷűĶ
ת飬̽ûôһԴ֮أȵ󣬿עҪҲΪǻ֮ؼһʱûңĪʦҲܹɣ
ͨ˽ڣһͷ޹Ұյ˫ֺʮĳ״ԭԺһʶͬ˿ӭĲƮɢȥս̵ĵҲת˵Ϣʼӽ󷨵תϣȪϢ򽥽
󣬻ȪϢȫʧ˵ϢҲȫ֮УҲû󷨵֮Уżл޴ڵĵطҲֲһ˴ڡ
ʱתһȫĶڸֱ仯ϡڱ裬תǧٱԾڷ⿪صɴ¶ǰÿһϸڣÿһ仯ܵС
Խ̣󷨣Լ󷨣ٲһ·ڵ㣬ţ۵ϣȻһ壬ÿһϱ仯֮С
壬ֻҪһܹȡ󷨣ʹǵϱ仯µ󷨡ʦ֮һĳν󡯣󷨴ʦı־
ᣬһҲԸԳĳΪ󷨴ʦһ̣ﵽһּٵ·𵤶תʱһʵת䡣
֪ⲢĽתΪΪ󷨴ʦڴﵽ˽תڸϵżֻҪϵĻ㹻תĳ̶ȣԳԽתֻﵽżͲݲݶ٣ֱӻᱻҡ
ȻתֻǺ󻰣һгɣ֪Լǰǵ͹˵Ϊ󷨴ʦҲֻǲƤëֻķ˴ۣٴڴ˼Ҳû̫ã׼¿ʼǰµ
ȻֻƤëһȴͨܶ顣ͷһʶע֮Уһ󷨵ɨУ˵֮ϰ
׼ѡһ򵥵İ취ʱһȴȤٺһЦ̤ξȻͬһȥٶ֮ʹá⽣ݡ
Ƭʱ䣬Ǹ䣬ֻ˴һȺĶʿ޾ĻЩʶΪλɢĶʣһȺ⶷֣涷룬ȻСһʱڣûбǷ֡
˼֮жʿӰȻǶȥһȺϼһȻûһ󷨣ԱˣˣڵһķϣṩٱķϣҾ;һȰɣ
˵䣬һֲ֮ԭȶĹ켣һ϶ǰһƬ߲ʹֳһȺϴСĶʿͬϣλʵĴ֮ҲȥС
ʧһ¶ٺһЦǰһͬһͨ϶̧֣һС


һһ ع̶
һ֮һһƬǰδľɫĿһƬ˵ǹķ棬ֻһķ棬שʯƬ̨ͤ¥ÿһʵİٱС
ʱ˸Ĵڡϵˣ˼İֻǴӹɢĳ¾ɺ;ԶϢʱ䲻ܹ׷Ѱˡ
̾Źľ޴һҪɹȥʱ򣬺һɾϣֻԼͬɽһ㣬ҲȲסֱֱ·ȥ
մȥһֱҵϣ˵ǿȻһˤҲϳĿæһšǽ֣һɹɽɽȥŷٶȴȵڵϡ
ҺҷӦʱһ¿Ҫ澡ʧˣףô£ȻӲҵĽȥһӡûУʲôɵģ
һҪоϵʱ򣬱һȴ̶һ޺ʮа˾޶ˡֻǳڽһԷһȽʶų׼̽˵
ȴ㵵ķ֣ԭܹɢʮԶʶƱʲôסͻƲʶ˺æʵ顮ͨٴγԾķȡ汮ܹʹõͨȻʹãҲܵơ
ԭͨͨԼӷԲʮ֮һз紵ݶȫ߶Ҳֻܿʮڵڴ߶ͨʱ򣬱Ҷ֮汮ǵṩ֮ڷ֮
ͨͨ̽鵽֮⣬һŴ˰ٱķ֮УһŮҺɲɵǣŮҲϵãǻӢӵü̡
ڽԴ֮֮ǰСѾͷһͬУ֪ΪΣȴ㻨Ӣӹֱսʼ¼ֻսϴҴһƳһ֪СѾͷΪﵽ𵤺⣬Ҳ֪ʲô
ʱСѾͷһͷȻŲֶʱֵסĹʱһҲʧ
һСѾͷƣȻԸۿԿȻʱնУױһǿԪ֮¶׵ٶȣľҲϢʱ䡣
ʱڽʾ֭ԵмƲߵļ̺ǰһΪϮ׼֣ÿһϵ˲߽⣬֮һϲЦݡ
磬Ȼ㣬һΪ
һһЦ̧֬һıͷһεΪʲôѵΪ˲ɣ
ʱӣҡͷˣ˵ҪһߵģΪʲôֲңұץһЩɲ֪ôġ
һСѾͷַǵûȤһЦСѾͷʲôʱѧߵڰˣǺãȻˣҾˡ
æץסһߣҪҲҪһʰߡ
Ҳǻ۵ĴڣȻȴ֪СѾͷŭ֮£Ҳܶһļɵ˫צҪ˹
һܲʳʲôȻҪǾͳȫɣһٴȤ䣬ȴһ޺飬˵űָɽǻ޵ȥ
һָʱֻһ㽣âɳɱһöһָĶ̽ٶȼ죬ವһֱüģ˳üֱڡ
оĵĶ޲ŻˣΪʱһɽЮźıһСͷ޻תۼ䲻ʧȥ˺ıҲͬƿڴһ㣬ѽ˵ڵأûϢ
һһֶ֮ͽ׻ʱĥģֻǶԸĻޣ⻹ǵһΣû뵽Ȼ˳ɹȴһԸȺֶΡ
һԵļҲ֮ȻΪʵǿȴҲǷó⿴Ƽ򵥵ֶҪپߵĿƣʱһһ־²Ī絽жʵ
ﵹǲǧʯ軨һϼѷļԣİ͸Ч̶ͷޱⶫͽɣ˵һ㽫մӻȡı˹ȥ
̱⻰ѣǰǾӨ͸ʯ軨˸Źʣʱǰ˼֮Ժ˹㷢ϡԭͻÿɰСѾͷ˵ʯ軨ͷΣʱӼֿɰһ˶ͷ޲ѡ
õСѾͷҲ£һ߰Ūͷϵʯ軨Ҫѡһõʽһ߸һʱ䷢


һһһ 湬յм
̵ͨĽܣһ֪Լ֮һһʱ䣬һʱȷʵı仯
һǰ׷޻ʽ˼䡣һһҲ֮б޾ĻΧھһʱ֮ʿ֮е󷨴ʦҲĶߡ
˵ûһֶܹáȪϢɢޣ˺֮ҲΪʦǴһڻһʱ֮󣬽ʾ֭ҵȥķ
뿪ҲһƬÿһԪΪϺŵ伮֮еļ¼űóȻ룬Ͼ˭һ֣Ӹ߿ˤȥ㲻ҲҪЩͷ
λϿе֪湬ǲ֪ǰʱʹڵڡֻʱǨȻʱ䳤֮Уû뵽Ȼ
ݵ伮ϴԵ湬ʮأڹ֮գʶʮǿãԲɷֻһһصĴӶﵽĵڡ
׼ޣȽһȺ˹˾޻նɱ֮תͷԸȺ׵ĵͽ׻ޡš湬ȴֲòÿһĻ޲ܽһ㡣
һʱ˺һصĴȥѽɱ˵ʮصλáҲʮڳ޻ʼĸ֣ҳֵ޻ʸֲǵʮ޻ʡ
˲ֻԭʮͷ޻ʣ˺֮ҲԽɱǻ޻ʣ⵽˭˭ͺ˵ˡڸִﵽʮͼ˽ȣʼʹֶ̽عʵ
һ̣ΪѾͷĻһҪ貨Żֻ̽СѾͷȻֶζΣȴǲѣȻҵһšڣȴΪΣһͷ֣һ·׷˴
ȻСѾͷ˵µʱ򣬱׼ôʷСϷôӵùһĻ棬Ųòʵ˵
֮һڼ̹ίֻݸһЦԺ֮н·ȥ˼ȴЦˡΪ¼ܸовԾĵطؼڱһȺ޻ʸֻطѨĶ
˵Ϊټ£ǼȻܹҵѨڣȫԵȵ޳ʼʱο˼Ļ޲ǾϸѡİǿΪηҪ޳ʼʱԼ£зѨأѵΪʲôﲻɣʲôܹһȺ޻˷񡭡
СѾͷȻƤȴҲʮ񣬼һЦɬеЩʲôæʵ磬ѵô̶Ӧ㣬͵ܳˣ
һ׼ˣҲ뽫Լľ˵СѾͷķգ˳ˮۣŸѾͷһûǡɸϵ㱻˶˵λȥһҪʦ˵˵һҪúõĽ㿴ס
ɫһ࣬ץһֱҡ磬ˣǧҪҽ㣬̶ò׳һΣҲҪߣԺܾٲܳ貨ˡ
Ž£һȻ֪СѾͷĹƣȥҲŰ˰ִӦõһĳŵСѾͷʱΪЦһĻһЦҡҡͷ֪ѣȴһһϦ顣
˺󣬼һǰȥʮ˻غϣһ·ɱ㻨ʱ䣬ŴһعʮأʱǡϮʿͬϮһ
սϣǧ˵ʿһȻʵ޵ʿһƾⷴΪΪɱġɱ󡯣ʿռϷ磬ÿʱÿ̶նɱޡ
սϷ粻ͬһ߶ֵĶԾϡħʮȴʮͷ޻ʼΧЩ޻֮еѨ޻ʵˣҲмףȻԭڡ湬֮е޻ʡ
ԶԶƤļ̼ԼΣվأһ֪ԼҲ޲ֻ۰Ͱ͵һ
һ״ݸһЦ̶ģҲڳУ˵ҲҪסҼȻ⣬ǾЩۻĶùˡ
̴ϲæʵ磬кΰ취
һ΢΢һЦһ֮СѾͷüЦͷǣȡһ˫ˮĳһնù⻪ת˾ʧԭأ貨ŵġ貨׾
ûʶ̽£һϸоɼСѾͷȻƤֲ֮ȴҲͬѰ


һһ߶ 
սϣʮ޻һսӢĽӾΧ롣˵ս󼸺㲻󷨣ֲڱһͼʦܿʮ޻ʴһʮᣬӲӢĽѹסö
ⲣǿǳŵЩնɱ֮Ѫôȫǣ⻰ɲٰһ޻ۼʤ̲ס
ıǣȻѾӦˣȻᷴڣʵڴ˼ô꣬󲻵ôḻѪʳ˵ȡ֮֮ߡ޻һջ˵ţƺڻζѪʳζ
ôôãΪʲôǻ۰Ͱ͵ܻһͷ޻ɻţǹһ˿ˮȴڴ˼伸꣬ûгԹʲôѪʳĺãλ᲻ڴ
Ų㣬ǲԴڴ˼䣬ֻҪԸҳȥ޻ʣҰòѪʳ޻Ƴ޻һۣЦһҲ˵
ȻҪ£Щͬ˺۷磬޻ѹȥ켣ҲոζײƲõİ취һһڷܴﵽЧοƣֻҪһܹ׽ʿЩӳѪʳĺãﻹԹԵĸ
ȻûѨ޻жԳϣ֮ɫֻͬΪ޻ʣҲõĵѯʣֻܱɧøһĻ޻ȻҲͬˣʵ޻ʣȴǲôĿŵ
޻ʸ̥׼Ƚʿʱ򣬺һ޻ʷʲôһһӿð֮⣬һ̣һӰζ֮һСŮƾ¶Ǽ˭ˡ
һ޻ʾΪ޻˵Ѫʳɧͷʱôһ޺СѾͷ޻ﻹ̵סգۼͷ޻ʱȥ޻ȻͷѣȴҲٳȥֻܽսֳ⡣
ս֮Уֳ̲Ϊ˼ӳַ䣬ͨļ軨һĻĵ˲мȻƽԼʮȴǽԼܵ˿ˣ߳һҪʽֶΡ
ʱһִֻϽסͬʱһУʦ
軨תͷȥƽõѩֻǴʱԼѾһߣѩȻĵһ˿ʦ㣬벻Ҫң̶޷Ҹĸ
ѩûпĲɵ˵ʦ黹ûдﵽʱ̶ʦȻѣȴǺ׼ͳο
οĻѩû˵һͣͣȴü軨ָ˼ǡȴ֮еģֻɷŲȻûʩչֶΣҲʱ׼š
һ̶оԭӳϵ̲֮ʧͷ̲ȴǹ⻪ʢʾ軨Ѿ¶˾ģѩ˵ġοûз㲻ϧԱ鱦ҲҪ¼̡
ȴ˵һߣ̵Ļƣͷ޻ʷ˹ܹǹˮǿ־֮ɫŵö·ͬһֻȴվԭء
һĻͷ޻ĽдãٶȲƺһ־ͼ񲻵һλá
ͷ޻ͬʱ˽ʮڣֻ̧־ץʱϵľ֣˲ǹһ˿ƤЦ⣬һЦϵˣ
ͷ޻ȻԣȴôֿɼѪʳȿֺĻӶצץȥ˭֪һöСл˻Σ˾ʧԭء
޻ͬʱһץ˿գԵԭأʱһ⻪˲乹һĻ롣
ͷ޻׼ƹĻʱһööȭͷСڵӳܣһۿȥнʮöɻʱÿһöӶ΢΢һ˿˿ϢͶЩ޻ʸе¶֮ɫ
ӵĶȴǵ־Ϊתƣֻһöȱһܹ޻ʸֵ籡˲ͬʱ
һ촫Ļ֮дҫ۹âһĻѣһɹ˳˷ȥ֮󣬲Ǻӣ޻ʶʧʣֻ䵽˵ĵϣʾйλǿߵĴڡ
ʱٴγԭأǵʰƺҫԼʤ
һĻ仯ڳ޶סһССĽ𵤸־Ȼƿɱ弶޻ʸ֣ñȻ˵˭ûֻ漣ֿݵ顣һ˶·ӵһص


һһ 
һĻ軨ͷĴʯæջע뵽鱦֮е¼ӳʮһˣǸĿѩлʦСЩɴçײʦ¡
ѩ֪ڳ֮мûŵģ軨ǸҲΪ⣬ȻһЦʦþУпԭʲô
軨ѩûйͷһůлʦ㲻ֻ֣ʦ֪Си˰ѵʦϵô˲ɣ
ѩԣ۲΢ҡҡͷʱʱϲԺʦþܼˡ
軨˵ͷҲٶʣֻǿ·ҫļ̣һֹСѾͷܣ˵ģصһҪգԪӤ׼
ʱڰŪļû˸䣬ֻû˳֪ԼѾ׼һ־ϲ
ĳԾ޶ָܿżе޻⣬޻зǵûзŭǳ̰
̼ͶĿ⣬û˿£ϷŪƵĵ˵һЦѵҪô
⻰û޻̰Ĵ𣬾Ȼĵ˵ͷǷӦŭѣż̺
СѾͷԹԽ͹㲻ڣ
ԣｻңҲ㲻ȻҾץ㵱Ѫʳˡ
ңǲңǷ㣬ҲҪ㣡
ޱǼ˻Ȫ֮ޱ߻ɣԾǸָ氹ĶЩûȥ½ʶĻƵ޻ʣȻԽթǻȴߣ˺ôʱ໥ڦǻ֪ڧĺʱµҪ
޻Ȼ̰ҪȴҲ֪ʱڧս֮ҵĹȹս˵ֳȰ˵Ȱ˵Ҳ±ȥֻЦűֳĬ
ƺͷ޻ӸŵˣæһСӵҪҲҪҲ֪ø˭ˣˣҾͰѶ˭ҪԼȡɣ
˵ţһ˦ɽһѽ׵ϣԼԶԶֱܿӡ
ߵЩԹ۵޻ʰһû뵽ô׵ľͽǿ˶۲ıｻ벻ǣžͽͣ޻ʼ֣ҲûǱȥ
һ仯ʹԭȹ̵ս˲ҡҡ׹ĸоֻ޻νк޻ҲֻͷҲأȻͷõɱһȺ֪ʿҪ
ͷ޻ʳս󣬲գۼǰ뱦ﻹʮɵʱȴͣȻǱﶯģǰͷ޻ʵȴ𺳣ǰ֮£ǼõֲǰһĻԽߵıǳˡ
˲˵Ŀⶼ޻ϣʿһڴ޻ʱһεֱӺ𣬶޻޻ʷȻصս֮нɱʿ˵
ʱһŵԶ˶˼Աߣûһ˲˲ʱʮɫѾ˷սΧס
ûЩ׷ϣΪһ󣬶ָϳΪĽɵĽȻռ֮Ϊռ䣬޻ʺħӢһԶװС
һĻʿͻȻѣһ̣֮¡ʮħӢ
㶵Ŀǰһ󣬳Īѩ˶𾪲ѣΪǶ֪ܹȽһĴڣȴڲôãȻΪ֪һֲ顣
Īڶ⽣󣬹һЦʦܣˡ
ɻʦܡ˭ʱһˬʵЦӽ֮дһӻһĪ˹ֵĳˣλ¡
һɵȻԾϲãħһɵٳһλ֣ˬսġ񡯡սλ֮⣬඼üǺƷƺɫѿͬһ㡣
һԶħˣɵ˼֮󣬵λʦʦ㣬С⽣סô޻ʣʦǳֵַһˡ
⻰˵ͷǣǡ񡯡սӸǲħб𣬴кãΪħžӢʲôʱҲûдôһսлᣬȻҪüһ
һ˲飬̧һ㣬ʮӰ˳ʮ޻ʸ֡


һһ нл
ʮλ޻ʱѰ˼źȴһԶ˳ֻǽǵĿɲʲô磬׼öԸǵħӢ
һ֣Щ޻ʱ㱻һˣæֵȴּأʮֲÿһ޻ǰһħӢȻҪһһĶԾ
ʮ޻ʶǴӻѨģ֪ЩʿӢȻǱΧȴûһɫÿġ
ֻһ󺰴ȶֵսħŵĿӣһ鱦񸫡޻ʵͷȥһ򵥵ȴǷϴɲ֮˵֮ǿԿɽˮ޻Ҳ㲻
һĻһͷսħȻħ֮͵ĴڣȴҲŴеɣպлᣬ˵ÿԿսħ֮еõһЩŴУ֮Ƿȱ󷨲롣
ڿӶֵͬʱսҲˡ鱦һ󵶣µųʮǰһʹãսУһŴµĵʹ֮ǿҲ¿ӡ
̡񡯡սӳ֮Ҳ׷׳֡ʱһսνǸ֮ս˭˶ʩչǺųսĺƷƺƾҲʩչɱﵣȻɱʹ죬ȴҲ޻ѹסҪɱҪֻʱ⡣
ѳɣһǹһ˿΢Ц߼Ȼ£Ҿһļһɣ
˵ָ㿪ԼһУһޱ޼ʵĽǰĿĵطֱǱ޻ʺ̰ͼ޻ʣֻҲ
һס޻飬֮ǰһҲͻɣԼֳΪ󷨴ʦ󷨺ͽɵġһ򷨡Ҳܹռ䣬ҲʽСɡ
ǰһк弶ֶ뽣֮бһʵ顣ȻΪ˻ûж־ͱ½ųһʵȴ˽һеļޡͬʱҲΪε϶֮Ƴ磬ʮǰǽΪܹһ򷨡͡һ򷨡޼ˡ
̫̬ˣһ򷨡Ҳ˵һ򷨡ɣԽͬ뽣֮У֮ơҲ˵ֻҪûгļޣ˶һȻֻǴСɣûвԳȷеļޣ޻ʣԶԶûдﵽأ
ͷ޻ʣ޻ӦûЩôҪţǾͽЩ̰ļһ˰ɣ
һȷ˽˳ͷһ֮ӳ֣ͬһһһǰᱦ޻ǰ
㽫޻ٷ˱ʣҪѪ⣡ͷ޻ͱ޾ĽŪûģҲܹӦʵͽ
һЦһȥҲǲԣֻҪӮ֮Ҿ͹ȥǲУǾ͹ԹԷϱΪҽɣ
˻һҲһŭ޻ʿһչ֪ץһ˫Ǵͳһ˹ȥһ״һ䡮úáһ𳤽ӭȥ
һ𵤶תȹ֮ƾ轣ʵѾȺ֣ʤһЩĺ֡ǼͨȵֶΣնɱҲǲܡ
ǰãɾʦнԽһ˵ΪûʵȴһС
ʶڽ֮£һ޻սһһҹڱնڽ£ŶԽԽڶ޻ǵ޻ʿճ¯ıսĶûУֻʱͽˡ
޻ʲ֪ЩȻҲʱסոֶþ޷ҲƽѧĴ
ʱһ⻪һǰû޻͵ȥǲһһۣѱסô
һǵڶֱ޻ʣֻһ޴УһȴתԷĽ
ҽסϴμ޻ʴ˵ʱҲûĿһҾԱŰɣڳϣһ
ϴμûĿڣһ޻һɻ
޻ʴǲǵˣ֪᲻Ӽ˵䣬һϢһתȪϢӿֳ
ʲô㣬棡޻ʸеϢһӾͽһϳǾ㵣뵽ʲô㣬һ͵˱ʱ⣡
һɻĵ˵ͷȷʵҡ衯޻ʴ˵ı⣬νнлֻҪ޻ʴԸӦҵҲԡ㡣


һһ ⲽ
ʲô㻹ϻң޻ЩԼĶ䣬ԭƽҲˣεضչ屶һΣһ˫۾ȴġ
ֻҪӦҵҾͻ㣬㣬һԷߣڸͷ˵ţһŵõ߼ȡ˵࣬Ȼνͷ档
޻ݺ꣬ȼĶҲŪļڣһ衯ˡһתۣһп߼ͬıʱӶ
ԣЩǡ㾹Ȼһɱ߸ôܣǿͬʱ޻ҲȡʤǴ˵޵һĸ֣˵޻ҡҡͷ²⣬Ͼһĳ̫Ҳʲô衯ֶΣֱȡҲܹ赲ġ
ȻҲν޵һĸֶ֣ܹԸǡʱЩôҲһѡʱԸԸӦҵԸ⣬֮ǰĺôԸ㡣һȻһЦɢһǰδеѹ
˵ɣʲôֻҪܽﻹңҷȥʲôܴӦ޻ǻҲͣ˴֮󣬵ҲֱѡΪõ·
ãʶʱΪܣһһЦɫһҵʮּ򵥣ֻһʵĸңǻصѨʵĿģڶǾǽһԼڡ
˵䣬һͷһӽϰһöȪĻ̌׸޻ʡ
һҿԴӦ㣡ֻǵڶ⵽ʲôѵҪҲɣ޻ŽɫЩѿ
޻ʴ˹ȻСģֻⶫΪ˷ֹܵתǹͷԸҵֶΰˣڿ㣬ѵΪҪĶ֮ɱȽϼôһһЦкȻΪϵζ
޻ҲǼ棬ǹƶ˵ĳ޻ҶԿԴʱһķʣԼ˷Ľѹȴһ˿ֿһ˳
ðɣҴӦ˵䣬޻ſһӽСƬ֮󣬵õһȷϵĵ˵ͷų׷
ڵһʱˣûܹش㣬ǸպܹشǸһǼ巵ѨǴҵľʵȴǳһڲΪԼ޷죬ٸߵֶҲ˿й¶ѾУǾͽ֪ģƲĶ㣬ҲòóСҲŵùɣ
˺һʱ䣬һ޻˵Ҳϵķʼֻ֪޻ƺʲôƻ֪Խ࣬ͷ뷨ԽóһԣһԾĿԡ
ó֮һƬҲͣ޻ʶڽ֮УԼֵʱսѾ
ӴһЦǰӭļ̿У֪սӽзųʮͷ޻ʣһ⣬նɱͽ׻ޣնɱɣʣһ·׷ɱ湬ӵ湬ļз֮ȥˡ
Ƚݱһȴһ㶼ЦɫĳĪȥ
Īնɱޣһ޻һսȻʤˣҲǲСʱץʱָеһĳ֣һ붨״̬֮ת
ʦܣǼͷ޻ʿǽˣĪһЦ
Ҳͷ޻ʾһ˵ͷǿһ˿Ц
⻰ӢĽ֮˾ԵһȻǿһһǲʲôֶΣըͷ޻ǰŽͷ޻ʣˣʵֶҲǳ˿Աġһ˲䣬һжﵽӢĽһˮ׼
ôʦӣѵնɱ޻ˣǳʲôⲻɣĪһı飬еһ䡣
һҡҡͷҲû£ֻǻλһ˵˵ĿָӢĽӵˡ
һһ飬ɵ˶˵ͷ˹ȥħ֮ȶǡ񡯡սλӣƾƳ˺ƷһҲȥ˺ϹݣƷҧҧ촽Ҳȥ
һʮϣһֲһ󷨣ſڵλǻۣһȺ޻ΪҪطѨҲΪɻɣ
⻰˽Ե˵ͷҶ¿ڵʦѵ֪Եڣˣ֪
һԵͷʦ˵СܻԵ֮£֪һЩ飬Ų²⵽Щ޻ʻطѨԭҪλҸ㼺ѹء


һһ ʮ
һ֪Ͳ²˵󣬴ҳĬƬ֮󣬻Ǳ𺳣ڻɣ˼ʲô
˵Ļκƾ֤ĪʲôıƣҪħţΪɣһԹһڱɺ֮⡣
ıƣһڨȻһЦ˵ıƣĳμѪӡοҪ㣬ҲڣֻҪڽ֮У޻ý֮֮βգ
⻰ڣͻȻһĽȻʵǿƾ轣һնɱͷ޻ʣҲɲǲɵɵͬʱǶһıƵɻҲˡ
Ȼ˵ǳ޻ͼıԴ֮еһ챦ԽߵĲΣѽ˵˼ѵħƷɣ
ɱϹ˵ţǹһ˿صЦ֮ǰֻп˾ͽʱ¶Ȼһ̣һɱɱҲʽΪˡ
һҲ˿壬һЦĳȷʵ룬Ϊ޻ʺǼһĿڡȻħǲλһУĳҲûʲô˵ģֻǽλȹ˽٣ԽŨԽðɣ
һһԭЩŤҲΪǶԣħ֮֮ڴ֮£ֻҪأĶǿԷµġ
Ȼʦܶô˵ˣҴһԪȫ֧ʦܵľߣĪʱ򲢲ѯʾİȻһγˡ
ĪʦֶˣʦǱŵӣȻ֧֣˾ͽʦΣſҲʱ˿ڴڷ˻
˾ͽһӢѯʵҲ˵ͷȻͬ⣡
Ҷ¼״ѩһ񣬼һԼȫȨı飬˵ͷһʾһЦȻˣҶҲ֧ʦܵ뷨
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Ȼȫͬһɾ͸Ǽ򵥡Ͼô˴û˭ԸʹֹǼ˵һ£˱æĴӦ
ǰһʱѾָ˴Ԫֹ޻ʵıҲ粻˳٣ܹһֲáӢĽͬһʮɵľ߲㰲֮£ʽʮһ㡣
ԭ޷ֲʮ֮Уÿһ㣬޵ʵǿΪ޻ƣҪ£޻ʽԴѹ޻ʣ˺漸㲿޻ʹͬµʮء
ֻ˭֪㲻㣬ۼʤȴһɱƽ˱ɱ֣֮Ƿ޻նɱԼҲýĵزνǿ
ʮ޻䣬漸Ȼ޻ʣôѹֻµֵӱȥ
£ʮһ㣬ʮ㶼յĹͨһ˺ƺʮǰȴһս
λѣְɣ
Īһ£ʮ˲ӦԷ⣬ɱ󣬾һɾ춯صֱֱĳźȥ
Ϊǰ漸һܲסȻ򿪵ʱһĤӴ𣬾Ȼס֮Ż˿
״ĪЦһȻЩֶΣλѣҲˣɣ
һʮ˷׷֮УɵˣħˣԽԪħ󣬴߶ԪħԪת鱦ע֮Сһͨ󷨣һȺʦƽ⡣
һȺֵļ룬鱦ڶγ֣֮ǿֱͬն֮ڰ׶ɫӴ֮к֮ǿҲҪ˱ɢ䡣ȥǰǹĤֻ赲һ±鲻ֱֱ䵽ϣȻû˿𻵣ȴôŶˡ
֨һŻ򿪣һƵС֮УһⷢĶͬһţÿһβ˶оԼҲڲһ
汾Դ
Ҳ֪˭һڳҲڵʲôҲΪʲôɵĸ߲һεֻΪⲻıԴҲǵ˵ĸԴڡ
˵ƽӦԼʲôʱϢϢصĸо֪Լ籾ԴνһپһĹϵ
Ϊ汾ԴпʱһӰԴڷ˹ԽԽֻ汾ԴųĹ⻪赲˵Ŀ⣬ĿһȴͨԷǳ޻ʡ


һһ ޵۳ת
޻ʣ
ڳ޻ʷɽһʱʿ֮ҲۼģͫĿĿ汾Դ֮г
Ī֣ǳ֪ΪΣܸоЩԾʲôôſڵͨܸӦԪ仯һȻʶ壬汾ԴţҲ˲Ծ
ֻǴ˳֣ҵ֮ͣǰ޻ʶûģȻ޻Ϸʲô仯ɣ
ԣҲֻǳĬֻɫȻ䲻֪޻Ϸʲô仯Լо壬ɵ֮⡣
ʱһȴ˳Ĭߣһͷˣҫһͷȡ
˵䣬Ӵ֮һΣȻͳԭɶ£ԿƵͬһһ˫ץͬ񸫣һһ󸫹ƿճ޻ɱȥ
һǿӽ鱦һƣ֮ǿһʵҲӲӡ
ǳ޻ʿŸϮϹһ˿Цݣøͷ߳һ̧־쳤һֻƥһ⾹Ȼ飬Σһɾֱӡ
Ȼçȴһ˼ϸ֮Եһ֣ĿıΪ̽·ȻĽȴҲԼǹģ׼ӦֶΡ
һ˫趯ͬŰһİ師оȻ廨һ鶯һ߷ˣһǵһһ£ɾɢΡ
һƴûзʲô飬ջսָԭ״ߵߵŰ師ص֮У˹ֵĳҲȻ֪ǷɹȷʵýλСĶԸ
ͷˣĪ˵ͷÿ˻ֻǼɵ֮ɫͷЦû뵽һ
޻ʼʱ׿ӾȻ̽Լϼ֮ɫŨȻ֪ǴΪԵ޹ʾҪȺļһұ鷳ҲϣһȵĽұƵ·ߡҲǵıȣȻûеȵõʱվͷɹˡҪЩ֪ʲôп־壬ҪǵѪ룬һһ壬һ޶޵۵ĳ
˻һ˾ԻȻһȻЩԾĿȴǳγû˿ҡԭֻΪǶͨ޻ʿеϢƲ޻֮ҪѡʱطѨԵɡ
Ȼڳ޻ϡͨӦѨĴڡһȴǸӦһ޳ͬʱᵮһԽ޻ʵ޵ۣͳޣռ½
Ϊڴ޻ʶĳ޻ʣοϸıͳΣҲһ֮пߵľĻᡣԼٽʿֵͷټ޻ʺѨ֮ţԶȡǻû޵ۺģӶҰġ
һϵмƻ޻û֣޻ȴһţһնɱڿݺѪȵĻὫⲼܿգ޻Ҳֻݷڲ
ƻԼΪ޵ۣܹһٽ½ϵķһʯ񣬼˭֪ӵʿȻʵǷһûڣļƻһδʧܣջʿôһ
ǰգӦΪϵ޻䣬ܵܣ֪Ѿʱ̡֮ǻûȫı޵۾硣û뵽ǣ첻֮·Ȼһٳɹûܳ޵ۣΪһߡ
֮֮ͬһ·ͳ壬Ϊֹóѡ񣬿ųĽڳ޶ƽǶһ޵ֵۡĺ壬ǶǴŷһĴڡ
һ˴֮ǴɣԵڱз񼶵ĸ֡Ȼһ˴ɵ˶ˣԴ֮صƣշ֣ǺֶûһܹҪһ֣Ǿǲƴǰ򵥵顣
Ҳ׼Ҳһټ˵ԭڣһʮͬԪӤڣԪӤ۷˶ʼȻ׼Ը½ĳ޵ۡ
ڴʱһдӴŷԭÿһ㱻ɱܶӴܵĻ޾Ȼˣ޻ʸ֣ʮ㣬ʿΧסͬʱϵĿ޵ۣƺȴ
һо֮޻ʶʧȥǵĴ뽣пƣ¾Ҫֻ˵һ£ǾǳΪ޵֮ڻǿͳҲͳʹתۼת


һһ߰ ͳ
޵۳ȻۿǰѹѹһƬĻޣԼСվԼǰ޻ʣȻʱıѾõλɫȴÿһǴʮ޻ʾȻЩնɱֻʣһ㣬ҪǺã
һλߵƴӳɢʱл޶ŵù޻Ҳֵסͨ򵹣æߺ޵۴
Լѹ֮£޽ԿοһӣһˣǱٵ޵֮λΪһͳӣһĻᡣֻҪȫ۽Щ˾ɱȥĺ˱ۻԽµ޻ҾͽˣЩõļһɣ
λߵѹ֮£λ޻³һ˳۽ˡÿԴʱظжµİлһ֮æټڻչƣΧסֻһ¾Ҫ֡
΢ĵ˵ͷۿһۣΪ׵һˣЦ΢Ĵڣ۵ܹսģǿϹԹԵĽȡıﻹл۱׼ת򱾻ʾ꣬ó
תٳ£ʿʱֻûԸʹ˸һߴƣҳƻʳƵۣббҪ
˵ֳ֮ն˾ͽˣ˻һڵܹ裬׷׽ԪĶʣе
޵ۣΪ˸Υ棬˭֪˾ͽ˱н֮ηǿӣ²̨ʱɫѿֻΪ˱̫ǿŭãѾˣ˻һλᡣ
ҿһλİɣ޻ʣ޵ۣҵȽǰΪɱһ壬ϹԹԽԼı˵ñԸһʹģɱϹֳֺħңָûаη֮⡣
ҵ֮˲ηأУ춼Υ棬οһͷۻɵ࣬Թɣ
ССޣҲҲ񣬽ｻҵȻģһʹ죬ǧУһ⣡
ħ޵ĿڣʿҲʤ֮ģ׷׼һվǿڿ֮ʵ
޵ȻҲ˲ոս緢ʱȴôǳǸҲ̲סҪһʱ䣬ʵķͱ޺ŭ⽻֯ʲôıʲôǸɢ
ã۸ᣬǾȻܣǾݹֱ۲ˡһɱǰеˣÿɱһˣΪնɱΪ֮ˣ۴޻ʼһʧܣ۽Ǿɢۣ
һԭս׼Ļǰʱǰδеһĳ˹ʱѾգۼԿ½һͻʿ
ɱԿһΪ˶Ը޻ʺͳʮԪӤںʹԲĸֳ޵ʵȴ֮ǰʮʱࡣ޽ĻΧʹɱЩת飬ֻǿֵ
ȴΪ޵۴޻ҲվһԣһҶ˵þҪش
ʱһһУĪʦܣɷýͷ޻ס
һ⻰һʱĪ˼Ӧ޻ʣҲǲԣֻҪնɱ²һʱܹɵġ
ĪһϲãǰԭƻУʦ֣ܽһɱı޻ʣʦֻҪܹסǣȻпܻóܣлᡣ
һ룬֮ǰȴû뵽Ϊ޵֮Ȼͳ޵֮£ٴμ㣬Ī˵ȻһʧҲĿǰõİ취ˡͬĪľ
ʱƺһ˵׼һЦ̧һӣϣ
޻׼Ŵһ£ʱɱҲЩĪˣƹǾͳЩԪӤڣԲϮȥǸҵԶֵʱЩԪӤ־Ȼͬʱһ
ߣЩˣһҲҲɱһɱˣ
ãһɱȥ޵۴ˡϸƤŮҵģǶҪ
ˣ֪󣬺ߣһľҵˣ

λ޻һ˽һ˭̳˭ʱһӰԪӤǰһ


һһ߾ սʼ
ģѵΪһֱֵ֮ܵãɱ㣬˳õ˵޵۴˾ͻʵɣ
ԣɱȡ޵۴˵άأ

޻ȻǰܿһˣֻΪȼһһ˳ͷǴûᣬһȿֺƺһһ⣬׸һ
ǣû뵽ĳȻ˱أȷʵѵãˣɣ
һһ޻ʳʮɵʱɽڳ޻˹ȥһ̣һͬ޻ʶʧԭأֻһСĽԭء
޵Ҳһ޵ۣܿͻָƽЦǵС㣡˵䣬һצ˹ȥ
ʱһ׽һ⣬һ콣طͬʱצϣȻӲצƴ˸ͬھ
Խ׳һ˾ͽһնܱϢǵ׽֡
ߣĶأϹֳֺħһɵķڽϣǵɱ¾Ľ
⣬ѩҲ֪ʲôʱȡ罣֣ǵ֡
޳֣ҲԼ鱦˷վһս󽫳޵Χ롣
ЩһĶѵΪܹ赲۵·ãҾɱɱˣעҪڱϣ
˭˭֪ҳ֣ţһƬɣ
ʯ֮䣬붯֣⣬׹⣬޸󵶣󣬶ֶʩչ޵۶һһʱ֮侹ȻռϷ硣
ȴ˵һߣһ뽣צӺ޻һعŷѾһȫͬĵطһ档
ףʲôطôղŻѨһӾˣ
ﻹѨǱʲôȥˡΪƾһ֮סֱǳ룬Ǻƿɣ
޻׼ЭƿʱһͻȻǰͷĵ⣬ǡ⽣ɱ¾Ǭ͡Ȫ
Ľһýͬǽеķ۶ɣһ򷨵ĸԴڣҲۡƽʱýΪ˱ۣһĽڽʹĽҲɼҪֶˡ
ͷ޻ʼһ֣ҲϻǰҺϷ˵صĵּӲޱȣԲƻ޻һֱӷסһз·
ֻǴʱһҲҪ·ֻȻһЦָɽһĽ˲乴仯
ԭ˹޻ʷǵû˽ÿһȴڸԶĵط໥֮ľ룬Ӱ֮£ҲԷӰ
ѹⲵͬʱҪһҪָ޻ʣƾռȻҪķѿռ֮Ȼڻһ˳ܾǳƺ׼ʲôô򵥾ܶԸġˣÿǰɣ
˵䣬һͬӣգۼһͷ޻ǰͷ޻ƺԾڷŵı仯ֻ׼Ƽ䡣ֻһϸ˵ϻͷĽУץһ⽣а֮ͳնɱȥ
ϴʩչһרžͽʹýоһβ̶Ȼʹַõ˴ټϵĳֶΣ´ֶԸĺʱڣҲʵҲʩչ˳
ʶͷ޻ʵ˿֮ǰԸ޻ʲ˶٣ҪǿһߣҲֻʱնڽ¡
ͣתڶͷ޻ʣʼսʱͨΧڣʮűԵһٹע⡣
Щǵ˳ִ֮оȳһȺʿֻһ·ʮ㣬ûмǣ㽫֮Ժû뵽쾹Ȼٴγ֣ȴǳһϡܿ죬ϵˡ
һȺʿ͵͵˼䣬ʿնɱޡʩչʱһ֣ԭһȺжʮˣֻʡȻֻа˸ˣԭ⣬룬㣬۷ֶ˶ʡ
һȻһʱ벻ͨԵɣЩȴд㣬ֱֻ߱м֮ûл֮޻ʣֻӽ֮˳̤ڶ·Ļޣǰ


һһ սʣն
涷涷ʣȻʵȴĿŵԸ񣬳Ⱥ֮бͷųֵ棬գۼ˴Ƭޡ
ͬǳΪʵĽ㣬һ߶ԻΪ֮Աǣһ߾Ͷ֮ǺɱУϵĻһ㶼Ȼ˶١
Ȼ֮⣬Ҳһ㲻ƵĶʣʵǿֶ֣θ٣ɱĻ޾ܵеùˡ˸˺ܿͽһСƬޡ
ʱһӰͻȻ˸ǰбжΪǻޣųһɶɱȥȴһ
ߺˣһҪᶷųһˡ
ѵһ겻ͲϹô
һ㶣һϤѵǣ
ʲôڻ֮ǰ㣬һС磡
ǽϸԺãǵңӰһȺһ˭ˡ
ùȻһæкʶͣһܸǣֻ˵һʿݣЩʶЩ䱸
ȻгǸһǳһǽԶ˲ûǰ䵭ѯһΪλ
һûп˵Ľ䱸Լʿһ·նɱޣ˴ȴֳΪ޵۵˵˳
ԭڶʻֻΪʵӣû뵽Ȼ޻޵۾磬ǳԾĶ˵
뵹컺ģֵ˵ģòҵʮ󶷻ʵźðΣղųΪʣΪܹ¶û뵽Ȼһ޵ۣܻô򣡡
һԣʱҲȻҵ˵ʮ󶷻ʵź˵ܹΪʣʧźһϵˡ
ʱȴ̽Ѱǵõʲôʱһ϶Գʧ֮ɫȻ˵롣뵽ԼļƻæڵλвɷʱҷΧǳ޵ۣ䲻˵һɹȴҲǾûϣ顣
ʲôǾȻܹΧһ޵۸֣ⲻܰɣһʿھͱʾ˻ɡ
һǵϲȻһЦλʲţһ£޵ûбΧסλɵ߶ҵǣ⣬Ǿ޵ۻնɱ²ɣ
ʱЩʿһһ»ٷ䣬ҲǱĲأֻԶԡһͣʶУʱ˼ȻȫţҲ˼ֿܡ
СѣǴҶˣ촰˵㷽ܹȫԸ޻ʣҲǣȻǣ󣬲˵һ£ʣҲ԰æģһ½ʿڵ
æһһЦЦЦʶʴˣŰʲôطɱĳԵʲôˣгֵ˭ΪҲ˲ˣȻҪ˵æЦ
һԽ˵ԽңǶƤʵߺǿҲʲô޳æնɱҲͼġ
һͣסЦ˵ͷʴ˵ĲͼҲ˵ҷȷʵҪ֪ʴûУһβܽޣǻ·ˣֻҪƴһ֮ٻصʱҲɲٰɣ
һǰ˵˲٣һȴһһ˵Ҫʹ˵ʣǳͽʶɫһ䣬һ˵û·ġ
ͻ뽻һ񣬶˰ϵĽɫȰ˵ʵͬʱһȰ˵
СΪ֪;ϵġȷʵǶʿ飬СǰæҲǺܸмġȻСǿңʲô龡ܷԸϹͷˣҲᾡȫֵġ
һһǰҪľ仰ԴмĿ˻ͽһۣټ˶ûʲô飬ŽԼļƻ˵
ƻ֮УҪҪնɱͷ޻ʣնɱÿԹУնɱЩޱɡֻҪʱնɱ޵ۣ߳ɰաֻǲ֪˭Ը󣿡
⻰ڶʶǻͽӦŵȻǷһҪȻ֪Ǵʲô˼һҲ£Ǳ㳯ʮȥ
ԣʼùȻ޽޵Χ룬ڳԾڳʱҲΪʿֳʵеԾѡ
һĴ֮£ͬʱ˷ֱֵһ޻ǰԼڽ֮еȽ֮ͬʱ˽


һһһ ɱУ鱦֮
һսȺʣνȫʤ˵λʽ뽣֮նɱ޻ʣʰʿϻڻ޽֮Уңؽ󣬸ͬʱȻΪ˫㲻ϤϣȱһҪһߣĸͬʱȴҪʡʱ䡣
ԣ绢Ⱥɱ໥ӦӦϣȺûָӵ£ܵУʱƼתֱ£ԭһߵľҲ˷
һһƶС£˽Ӱû޺ͳʱֹܿȥʱ֮޻ںϻ֮£ֻм֮ûл֮ή裬ʱбնɱ
ʱھӢĵطһƥƷ˲Ϣ侹ȻھӢֶΣԳֻǱǰİȻʱϾȻһ˿ŭ⡣
ģǵʲôֶΣЩûҲôҪնɱãܺãۻ׼ǶһľǲˣǼʶһ±ʵɣ
˵䣬һɢȻо죬ȴû˿ӦǸеֵʱԭƴɱڶ޶ͣתͷڵķĿϣ
һͷͼ޽һΪһ̳𣬳Ͷȥһǿ֮һŸƵĴ壬һ̳嵽ϵʱһͬʱȻüɲ˻Ǹо޻ԭǿʢϢȻǿһ˿
ˡ
˲䣬ӢĽӵе鱦ͬʱһоڽӿռ֮УǱӡ޲T׽Ҳ
鱦ڵıﾹȻһ鱦
ʱ뵽ʲôܹóΪ޵ۣͳȪ֮еĻޣˣǾһ鱦һ鱦
æ鱦Էַɵʱ򣬳һЦſ͵һƬƬĻ޿ʼ̳ͶȥÿÿһͷޣϵƾһƺҲһ֣գۼ䣬ķ֮һĻޣ֮ǿѾǰһˡ
ʱǻ֪Ĵ㣬˵ҲͰˣֻΪֶǳе鱦УҲֹˡ
Ϊ֮ƣֻæʩ˽ȫϧȫɱޡΪʵʱѾסˣδͻȻҷֹⷢԲ⶯
ȴ˵֮Уһͨͷ׿Լ߾Ҫնɱͷ޻ʵ鱻֣ԱƵòǰʮ鱦Ҫ
һҲ˵ǺûǻҪҪնɱͷ޻ʣóȥ¾Ĳʰˡ
ϸ磬ϸ磬λ޻ʣб䣬ҽĶȸǣǷһʮĹȡնɱ޻ʣ
Ϊ˱˶С׼ɨβĻ˺ߵĻɵһ㶣ͬʱÿͷһһѹĺĽ
ⳤһΪĻͽʱ״²ã̷ȫ׼ץͿʼҲǿһ
λʱһ̫Σ֮Խ뽣󲻹Ǵű⡣⻰ΪһҪǣ޻ƴһܾˣõ֮ԷǵӿٶȣǳҲӣԹԵ׼
һ״ͷֻǴʱĽųʱԼҪΪѹ󣬸ãҲֻĥ䡣
˳ͺȻˣ˵ˣȴһ޻նڽ¡ʱʣͷ޻Ҳ鱦Ӱ죬ʼл̵ļһ״æĽѹһһͷ޻ǰҪԳ֡
ˣʿȻԶţǹҵֵıǶʼһֽɵͬʱǹһ˿ЦݣƶȻһǰ
һһ嶷ʿΪ˱԰޵ľ񣬵ŽӴӣڶʿ߲㣬ıƣ̫࣬ͷѾΪС
ΪԼһǹལ㲻ǸĹ£ͷҲ˽ĺû뵽ȹͷЩ˾Ȼ˽
뵽һѻŭʱɱӿͷһ˫Ѫͨ죬ǰԼĶʿûа˵ŭһҹһӣ֮תһⳤӷɾ


һһ˶ ֮Σ
һŭ˽֮֮ǿ֮ʢ弶ĶʶоֵסǿĶʣתЩ㣬֮һСĳ˵ӡ
ǵضĽⳤӣֻǿֵֻһҽУͬƤһ㣬ҷɣռ֮һת㲻֪ȥˡ
ûȥ·һŭٴο޻ʱɫȴ΢΢һ䡣ΪʱѾõʱ޻ʼọ̈̄Ҫڶ𣬳Ͷȥ
һ£ܽ޻ʶһµֻܾΪȡһһɣ
˵䣬һһ޾Ľ˷׷״Ǻֻ̡鱦Ȼʣȴһʡ̣಻֮ɢ֣һָ̻̾
ۼ޻ọ̈̄ƮƮ𣬱ǽҲסһҧҧھֶΣʹáȪɻ
ȪɻֶαжԸֶΣǰնɱͷ޻ʣǵĻ֮󣬲֮еĽǽϵķӽ޵ĳ̶ȡ
ƽ㹻ʱܹĥһԽһܹӶԻɳ̶ȣʱﻹиʱ䣬ɡ
õɻǿɣ
⣬һûаԥȫ߶𡮻ȪһɫֱֱǺնȥһ֮£ٴαһΪûɺ϶ΪһһӺɫϴಡһ£к뽣С
һͷ޻ʣһæתԪͬɷ֮лȸıǸѹͷһͨоһͷ޻̾Ҫɳ󣬱ƬҲͣһὣ׷ȥ
ۼһɳʱһպøϡҲһǳԾı飬䣬ŽıԵڽеһնͬһһС
øϵȻֻնһ룬Ҳ㲻ˣ
һһĽҲ⡣ջػȪʱȴԭڽеĻȻƽ˿˿ɢɫһ䣬ΪǡȪԽ޵ס
ȪԡΪΪ˽ս˾һС
˽ˣһ̤Ͼ·һĸ𣬲֮ˣһҪ轣ƽƣš
ǰҲͰˣͲϧȴϾʹֻǲηֶӳûܹԽ޶ķɡ
֮һ˽ްԭΪϹ֮ɷΪԼű˴˽ĺֻǱ⺦ȴޣ޶ȱǡȪһҲԷɵΣ
һ룬ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬㲻ϵɻֻҪͨ㣬͵ǲϵÿΪܹʵʵֱΪԶԿȪ֮ʱ˷ɵв
νԸΥһʱ󷨣߸򾳽ʱҲ˾ʱ䣬ټ޻ʼֻǻӯڴﵽɵĳ̶ȡ
һҲǹ֪ʶǻۣϢ֪Լֻ·ߡ
һȪһУͷӽ֮кǽժȻ˻ԪΪˣʹ֮·أȴܹȫɣӶס
ȪӯΪͻޣΪԪӤڣһΪӡȪڻἫߣһʱ֮ڲõĻɡ
·һҲѡ˵ڶ֮⿪ͻĶ»ص湬ʮ㣬ңңǸ߸ϵĳ޵ۣǹһ˿Ц·ʤ޵Σĥʯҵı棡
ʱ̽һǰ޻ٿһ˴ӽ֮ʱףΪԼµ޻ʾȻôͱܣ鱦֮ʱ򣬻նɱ޻ʡ
һʱȴֻԤһʱ򣬳ɫԽѿŭˣѨɱ£Ҫһ˲Žͷ֮ޣ
һɸǰܷӳɢȻѻڲħӢѹˡֻһһڹ㳯һͻ˹


һһ һս
޻ʶһɱԣ͵ط֮ǿܵУ˲ǰĿһ̧ۣɺצһӣʺצƿϮ
һǷնɱ޻֮ʮĻͽˣǱһ֡ʣֵܵĸоȻ֣־֮£Ҳֻܷӳ߳ɡûǶʩչͱ֧顣
޵ۼ״м֮ɫŨƺ֪תҪȥһȴͣ˽Ųתͷֻһð˿˿ĴڽȻצ۵ס
ףǡȪһһıԴ㲻һ壬ôձ
Ϊ޵ĵȻ˿˿ǻʮ־ĻȻһһУҲһ
ʲôһıԴǻȪ֮еĻˣҵʿܹ֮һΪԼãܹΪҲ
һЦһ˫ֳֽȪĽʩչȻֳִ󽣣вʧ鶯ʩչȪǿһգ֮䣬һʩչʮнУȻצ۵顣
񣬿Цһ鷲ףΪԪôյģһɣôĶ֪Ҳõһˣھɱ㣡
޵۵һжƣûʲôֵԾ˵ͬʱͲ͵Ϯ֮ӿʼ֡Ȼǻӳצ۹𷽲ŵצһȻһӳϰצۣ˷һ˹
״һϲҪıǽѹͻƼޣԪӤڣ޵Ϊһĸ֣Ȼٺòѹڶצۣʱ׹ϲޱľأӶȫһġ
һɫһֹĹ켣ת㿴ǧӰȻͬʱ˷ػϮצۡÿÿһоصȪ֮еĻɿ쾫ͬʱоԪӤ֮بǰƿȻɶһ֡
ȸоһӼᶨԼ뷨Ķ𵤣Ԫͽɷ֮ҪǮƵͷųԭܼյצ۾ȻӲƿ
Լγֶȥ޻һҪٳ֣ʱһȴʦܣ㣡
䣬һӸ߿մֻһ׹ֱֱ֮˿ѷɫһɽ׽֮˵Īˡ
Ī֮ӢҲǰף࣬ޱȵĽ⣬Ī֮ȻĹֵƬ̣һͻǴӳ޻ʵֱӴ˳
˵жΪ˺սҪĲǵ˵ʵҪ˵ϡԲͨʿֶεĶȻսȴʵڲϵĺѡ񣬹ʶһ˵ƵܲһսʿǴһԼս֮С
û޵ǣƣһʮ⣬жʮԪӤ۷ĸּ롣˵ǵס޻һȴս󣬼װݵķҲǿԲһ
ֻȴûƣΪĻʹ˻ûϤŸ˴һƽ֣ɿϤԭǿֵƽֽĻ·磬˶ѹŴ
֮һȻʵμ⣬ԳҲֻмֻ֮˲ͬǵûвȡصķֶΣѡΪǿӲԹԹʵޣֲ༫Ʒָҩһһεıˣȴһδεɱȥ
һһ㶵ģǳŪЩˣ˺òɱһΪ޵۵Ӷûطš󲿷ֹһϡ
һȻҪģΪȪڼҪͻƣͻõĴ߻ѹ
һһεĶԺ䣬ʹͬʱҲоԼļڲչּ޲ΪһһεͻƿС࡯ǿͨĶԹڡȪ˽͸˼֡
ɣùһЩɣһͷźţ𡮻Ȫɱʱһ˿Цݡ
һ˿Цݣ˵Ϊ˵ĳ޵ͷûĲͬˣħ֮Թ޵ĺƷƣͷоԸԼôһһйڡ
Ȼ˳Ծ⣬ڳ˶֣ȻҲһϽ仯ϢϸоĿģ֮вҲùȰ취ѰͻƣֻѡĶǳʵһ˵ԣҲû


һһ ͻ
÷սΪԡΪ¾Ѿʮַˣû뵽һ񣡡
ҿǿսħŴϹֶ֮ον˳ңȴоȻһǿǲ˼飡
ˣʦڲ֪Ǳ˶鵤ҩÿһαҪķʮ֮һöƷָҩѾſ˶ٴΣһǧǧö鵤ҩöʯ

һԭ˻б֮뷨һΣеȫͬĲ˵һƴľͷսġ񡯡սӶͷѡ
һ֪ٴα޵ķɳȥʱԭ˫۶ųϵĿⶼת˹ȥڵص
ΪǷһֱܹоģһһֱεα仯ϢȻ˲ͣ
ô£ôһϢûУѵ鵤ˣѵôˣ
ǻָ鵤Ҳ̾ɣô£
پˣλסȥʦܣ
ħż׼ӪȡһսһķٶѾΪ֮һʹ䣬ԭͲֹ۵սֽϾ
Ȼ˵ż෴޵ۼܲһڲͷһ󳩿֮⣬ҪӪȣȻϣһ˫צһץһĻ赲ǰ
ҪƹĻȥӪһʱ򣬺ֶεͣĿٴͶˤڵصһΪģֻΪ˲䣬һʧϢȻ³֣ұǰϬǿƺƼĺǳľ
ɹˣ
ͻˣ
Ȼĳˣ
оϢλ֪һ֮£Ȼͻˡ
޵Ҳ˲ԾתͷȥŻˤڵأͬʬһһٴվƸǿһΪͬȴеĺɫ󽣾ȻСһصǽ֮С
ôܻţ޻ҲЩţɱһǵûɱɱˡ
ȻţȻղȷʵЩΣգһ˽һö鵤ѾˣȴҪл޵۴ˡ˵һ˸£ȪǽЦȻ񱦽ĥ÷Ǿ޵۴ԽΪлɣ
֪ߵغĶԱǿһΪܹеù۲ɣãٽɱóףһһ˵߳ŭŭһǿƣȫɱ
һ״ϲңһúãһٴݽɱȥǰ͹ʹͬһȴǲʣ̡򵥵Ľʩչȴ̺仯С
Ա仯вӲƴĽУ޻ǿʮһʱ֮ҲͬһȦ޻ϣһѪĲĸо
һ³֣Ȼţһŭ񸫡飬˷ɶݶٴδ˷߳޻ΧɱҲ֪Ǳһһ񹥻ǱԭһΧɱ˵ǰһ֣Ȼһơ
һֵһʱս÷ɵĪʱĪֳлһ㣬ͷһɽæЦϲʦΪһնɱϣˣ
һԣǹһ˿Ц⣬лʦּԣֻʵ̫ǿʦһ»ԶԶǡ˵ţĪգգۣһ㶮áı顣
Ī״һ㶣һ˼һЦΪصĲû뵽Ǳʦܿ
һ˵ͷȻôʦ֮ףЩӣʦҲС֮ǰ飬Ϊ˷ֹˣһֻ֣Ǵʱ޵ۣ֮ǿԶ룬Ҹоֶ֮Уǲº֦ڣЩȻ鷳ȴҲǲܽġ
Īԣ˼һתҲһͷȻˣʦ֮԰ɣ
ڴʱ޵ۼһĪһΪıʲôХһ˵Ĺ
ĪһһЦһߣĪԭǿʢϢ͵һǣ˲ͻԭļޣθߵһ̶ȣһ̾Ȼ¶һһԪӤڵΪ
ڵĳ޵ۣץһһ˺ϱ׹һֶܲٶȺڳϣӲѸͣԭء


һһ 鱦ѣǿں
ԪӤڣһĻӢȻԾȴǰһƽ١
ΪһΪ֣ͬȴҲͻƾɱѹ磬ΪĪ
Īͬһֱ֮ͬеĶڣһԪĸ֣֮֮ǿģ¶һֱصʵΪȻ֮⣬Ҳ֮С
Ϊ鱦ԪӤܹ֮һأû뵽Ե񣬾Ȼȹͷõ鱦ΪҲǸһ治ǵһ˵Ī
Ϊħһǿĸ֣Ϲݵ˵ţȻĬԣ͸¶ҲԶȻĽʣͬѡ
ȻʵʹҲˣͷʶʶҡɱ¾ħŷӡ
˵䣬ϹݺȻһЦ̧ںħ˫һĨѪʳȻԶƳһģռ档Ѫַĺܿ챻ħ˽ȥԭڵĺħ˰ɫ
ʱһ˿ɫģɱѪӽǳ˯ĽϹݵֶ֮ѹ
Ϲ㾹Ȼűĳ˯ѵɱٻһô
ħɱҲԣֻ㲻ǿɱ¾ôҾ͸һ֣ɱң͵űոɣ
Ŷ֣˭ףȻô鱦ããã̫ˣȻѡ㣬Ȼˣɱ¾ɣ
򵥵佻Ϲݾ˵˺ħ飬ЦһħԪͬħںϡ뽣϶Ϊһ˲䣬ԭǿҵɱʵʣһҰɱ¾ͷ߿ɱ¾Ը
ʱϹٲԭ˽飬˽һ֮ǿȻ㲻ԪӤ֮һĪХһݽ𣬳ɱ˹ȥ
༸Ҳһսݲ֡ħ鱦зɵԼƽҲӡһ׷ѡ⣻Զɵֵ鱦ӱȽºֻͣƽﶼϲ˯Ҳһһѡ֮
һʱ֮䣬ֻʮ鱦ϣ뱦ϣȻΪ鱦ò̶ͬȲͬһÿ˵ϣг鱦ʱõ˾ͽˣѩԼƷˣ屶
ͻȻսˣǳ޵۶΢΢ɫȻٴζϣԭܹ˵ĶֲֵܹĹܹ
˵˵С˺ֻҪ¶һᱻѸ͵Ĺԭȹ֮ҲȻ޴棬ٴαѹ·磬ͷһ˿᧿Σĸо
Ǿ֮ͨǱͷҲʱţһܣǷ֮ɫǾʲôܿ˹еΪܶԸۣҾǿһյֶΰɣͼ֣
ֳ֡ڣһǿһâɵغһ¶ԭȻһöƺһƤ
ֻƴС߲ɫԵʮֹžɣһһƬһдŶ֣ǡޡƤһ·ɼȻһͼԼ֮侹Ȼ뵱޻ʲ׼ɱ˵Ĵмơ
оӿռ֮ǡ޲T׽𶯣һͷһԴǡǳ޵۵ϣҲǼ鱦ġͼؾĺڣﶼ¶Ҫʲô
һɻʱ򣬳ڿʼˡЦһָԭڵĺȻӡϷɳ롮ͼ۳һ״
ЩԽԽ࣬ͼϽռһӡϴͬҲӡͼϳ֡
ԭˣȻںϵİ취ȫƿ鱦һĻһ׳޻ʵ˼
ԭԭ޵Ԫ̥õ֮Ȼ֮鱦֮Ϊ޵ۣܹͳȺޣȫǡԼıȴûеõ
ķӣǼΪΣաΪǿзˡ´޻ʣٲ޵֮˵Ǿ̵ġ
ƽֻҪһʱĥϣվܹﵽ϶Ϊһ֮⣬Ǳ˴롮޷ָ
һ޵ĿƣܹʱĥϣֱáޣʱǿʱʱǿѾӦգٶһѣǿнġͼںϡ


һһ ͻ
뵽һתͷĪȻûĽ˶˶Է뷨ͬʱ˵ͷһʼ
ȻҪһ鱦ġֱʡǹؼʱ̣óǿɳɹܹ¸ĴҲ᲻ơ
һĪҲ׷׳֣ſ£軨Ʒƣƾѡ˳ɨƽϰĽɫ˾ͽˣϹݣѩ񡯡սһĪһͬ׼һ
ɱһצһֱͼһ̣ʽĻȻҪ赲ǵ·
ΪɾӢ鱦һĴڣһ·۳ңνնɵܿɱǰ
Ȼ鱦壬ȴϵԻʹ޵֮Ȼǿסˣֻȫ鱦֮ǳֿȭǿҲҪԿ
ŭһץ磬һΣԭһ羹Ȼƥι⿴ֻƤĲʾȻסʽĹ
֮Ƥ
һʱûʲôһдмȴһ۾ϳһѵõıϹޡޡɱ֮ʱƤëӲɸգڼ׵ϵȲϡ
ȱУƾʶƳڼףãƳ߼ڼס߼ڼףǿʯûطĺöǷҲҪķϰ²ɵĶֻû뵽ȺöȻУ㱩
ų֮ףʹãӲƴ鱦֮һҲһ˿֪ʱҪֹںϳɹ¶Ҫȥˡ
ʮʱ䣬Ҳڴﵽ۷壬޻ǿںҲﵽΪؼʱ򡣶˫˵ǳɰڴһٵʱ
ͨ콵а
̲޾ӳ֣֣
Ѫ飬ޱѪѪɱ

ɨ·˺ԥĽɱʩչ鱦ε𣬺ڳķ֮ϣÿÿһ鱦˺һ֣Ҳһֱ֣鱦ͬʱֱӱƵͼ·
ӱ۵ںϣǶȥɣ
һڻŽڼ鱦ı֮ϣ˲ɻȪ֮ˮȻմ鱦ļû뵽ȹͷϧ˱ԴҲҪȡһʱ䡣
ãȪ֮ˮۻһУ鱦𣡡
һУ˶ԥһ£ջǷֳһȪ֮ˮϾ鱦е̣аմ𻵣¸ľĴۣҲͱ˼֣ó¶ķߡ
һгɹǿűԴʹٴνĻȪȪ֮ˮˮΧͬʱЦǾ͵űɣսɣܿήٵͷϣ
˻ʣʱ棬Ѱ·ʱ򣬳ǿЦһ֮ͣŵԭʱһֱԸھӢսļԪӤںԪӤԲֶܻȪ֮ˮĳȥ޻ȥ
һ仰ӲģӲºģ²Ҫģ޻ʼʯһӲĳ㹻ͷ񣬵ԵȴһȺҪˡ
ҪһȺҪ˾ȻֵܹסȪ֮ˮĸʴܹҪ±סܻԼʱԽնɱΣճβ˵ʱ
ôܣôܲȪ֮ˮմ۸ʴôǵҪʲô
ֻĽ⼸ԪӤȴǸشһȥӲȪ֮ˮûзյĵ·⣬ǰ¶Цݣڳʱһʹһը죬ȻԱ
ԱȻ˳ʲôõķֶονǲصĴһʱ䣬Ȫˮֶͨζƽ룬˳޻ʱˣǡ͡ͼＸǳĳǰ
ʿһɨͻ𾪣ɨĵ·֪ʤ˼֡
ʦ֣ǳְɣһĪʹһɫг˼ᶨȻЩĶ
ãĪصص˵ͷеζȻ˸Ķת˺ڵѣҽһһ
⻰ħ˷׷Ӧŵ۵һԶͷţǿһų


һһ ж
ȳֵĪ˫ָ߾٣飬зɿֻһǳ⣬߳׹⣬۳һͬʵʵ
Ī˾ͽˣֳնԪɷ֮תܽעն֮Уһնһɫƿɱ
˺ѩϹݣ񡯡սͬʱ֡ѩ罣һ⵽ĽϹϰٵעħ֮УһҰ׵Ľ⣻Īڡ񡯡սӣֱ鱦һͳ˳ȥ
Ҳؼģһ˲Ϣ佫˵ĹԺ֮Уʯ֮ΣȷһõķһǽһΪģĵ
ĵǵγһڽĴڡںһ˲䣬ԭһֻܹ˺ֵĹһʵķԾȻﵽɱ˷ֵĵز
˺Ŀ֮£һǿޱȵĹšͻ𡯿صĵ·ɵĳϰ˲Ҫںϵıдٴ֮ǰҪԸ赲ǰĳ
ԼĸԴܹɱԼĹҲѵľѡƴſ˴ĿܣӲֹںϣԼԭΣȻֹ׷ɱ
ûܹΪ޵۵ζ³ҪԥƬ̣ΪλߵҪ»صԭλãǾͱɱʹࡣʶһ˲˾
ϣȻҰ㱾ۣҼֶζƣһʲôпֲɣ
״һһǰԭȫġ֮ƤȻȫ˫ϣһƵֵڹ֮ǰ
֮Ƥѵ֮鱦Ժ䲻ԿʱԵĲǼ鱦Ĺ֮ʩչģǿһĺ塣
ɱ˷ֵһ֮£֮ƤҲڳܲסһƤëĩʼƮɢ飬ʧ
ļǳʹȴһԴ֮غѹαϰߣһϺõıǰ𻵣ͷûĲ
ڡ֮Ƥʧ˲䣬ҧҧִӻͳһһöȭͷСԲӨ͸עˮһҺӡ
һƷ䱦飡ԪľѱܹɴΧǿһ˲ͱĸ׺ôֻǺܿɫѿΪЩֻ֮ƣԥĶ˳
ڡ顯֮󣬳һһƷʮƷȼıﲻȻЩûдಢʺϷô࣬ȴҲƳ
ĳɼͷȻѪҲΪʱ򣬵۹սĻǲսˣĿⶼǺ޲⣬Ѫһֱ̲סֶζʩչͷ޲T׽Ҫһ롣
ֻЩȻϧںϵıֽǰǰΪ»Ȫ֮ˮմ鱦˽һҲŻȪ֮ˮĻᣬٴγ֡
Ȼǵ֮󲪷ǿ󣬵һ󷨲֮£Щѹյһݡ˲䣬۳ʲôԼƴٲֹһǰһǹӲѹųײȥ
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һը촫˺ϻ޻ʣԼںϱڣҳԭɶҡĹ֮Ȼһ֣ܿͻָԭ״
ó֮ʿ֣̳ɢֻñըĵطȴǲΡΡվţҲ֪ںϱûгɹǱ˸ƻˣʱĽȴһûɵΪ޵ۡ
ġǣҡҺ£Ҫɱǣ
źǶ̶꣬Ȼʱ״ѾٽıԵ鱦֣һ˿̵Ļᡣ
ҪٴջóѣգۼʮݹͬʱĿ鱦
֮ǰȻʮݹ˷ٶ֮쾹ȻǲЩǰͻ𡯵ԪӤڡ۷֣һЩƽﲢ۵ħˡЩ˱ûһϵʱȴһͬ㣬ǾɢͬϢ
֮ΪһδٵƶߣɶСģ˲˱Ϣʲô
һĪѩ֪ˣ໥˿ʾԵ˼һЩͽͷЦ̲סжˣ


һһ˰ ټʮ
Դ֮زܹʲôٵƶôһô̵Ҳ˽׳ʲô飡
һԪӦҲ˸һ飬ô©Щ
֣ЩڷŵϢûб仯˿Ҳо֮ΪʲôͻȻͱͽˣ̫˼ˡ
ͻı仯һɻⱻȻЩìͷ׼һԪڣʱͽ֣ԭĽٴƹܣ˭Ҳûʱ;˭
ȴ˵ЩͽȶֵĪħӢֻ鱦ǰȻͽ˵ĹСǳռΪеĴ㣬Ǳ̵뷨ѡȶȡ鱦Ĵ㣬ԭħ˲
鱦Ǳˣ׷ΪͨļͽԳһ˿ЦһȻͬʱԱ
ЩһԪӤڵĸ֣Ϊ֮ԪӤڵˮ׼ԱӦʮǿǣԱûǿľɫ̬֮˷ȥ
еСģ֮ޱȣ򽫻ᱻᣡĪΪһԪڵĴû鱦ĸ֣֮ɢæ˷Լת֮תۼͽƬ֮մ
һѩҲûвμ鱦ᣬǰĪ֮Ϊֱ֮˶ԣһֶ֮вͬ˶ͷһĵ
չÿһⶼһ֮ͻϣתۼ㱻Ԫագۼ䣬һ˾ԪӤֵ֮ԭΪЩĵҲ˻ָ˼֡
ô֮зǻȻǵʮķˣɶҪˣ
һתͷ˿鱦ˣպһĺ۷̽ͽһۣӶԷһ˿ϤĸоҿŨŨķŭһΪ⣬ǹһ˿ЦݣعͷԹԵЩ֮
Ѻ׼ڼһ˰æʿ˱ը֮Իңܿ͵ڱԵļ𵤵֮⣬˶˺⼸𵤵ӣҲΪʱ֫δ֮ʴ
ȴ˵һߣҪջءֻܸæͼָԼΪ޻ʵ֮׼ЯǱӡ
ֻǻûת׷ǰȻǳ鱦ڶྫӢǼʥͽԭڵʯ֮䣬ͽԱԱɢ俪֮䣬Ƶ˲òݻٶȣתֶ
˵ĲͬоҲ߶ʮһӶצץȥ
˭֪·Ķ˷ǵ㲻ֱֻ㶵վǹһ˿΢ЦͬȻҶǴٵĲͳȫҰɣ
䣬һץ˱ץϳء׼ʬȥʱЩʬ徹ȻһɹɫҺס˫ȣǰѲˣ̲סģ⵽ʲô
ʱǼɫҺΪһţ޻°ΰסһ׳棬ǵһ̵ʮ
Ų˵ȻжǴ֮µƶţֺαطּңñ㣬δҵɣ
޻ԣǾ֮ɫƺ⻰е˼ʱûȫظ֮תҪ͸һͱɫҺŰ
һĻո׷˶Ծѣû뵽ܹ֮תԪȻܹɡ
а̣ȻҪıر񸫣Ӳ֣˿η֮񸫡֮͵غȥ
а̵õ鱦򽫻ȳ޵۸ѶԸſҲͨתӳһ֮ȥ
ж˶ǰҲ޹˼ɣ׷ʩչֶγ֮ȥֻǳԾǣ֮Ȼܹס˺˾ٴ϶֣йһȥ
һǿĹʮûо£һЦݡֻһ죬֮Ȼܲ޴ֱӱɢһ֮ٴγ˷俴ȥ
˲ֻٴγ֮ûعȴԭʲôûˣ֮֮ĳ޻ʣԼеġȻƾʧ


һһ˾ Ѱ뱾Դ
ôһжʧѵ˴һɣȻ󱻺ɢ˲ɣ
ܣ֮ǿҲܴﵽȳ̶ȣݷ˭˭ˡ
֮Ҳܽ鱦Ҳˣ鱦Ƶı֮УǶɽٸٵһ鱦ǧѣ˵֮ˡ

۷׷ףãһ˽֮ҲУֻȻΪ鱦ûбɣҪ˵ȥȴûܹ˵ĳ
Ƭ֮ѪٺЦˣȻа˳鱦ߣǻ޵Ľ˳ԼҲɣȻˣҲˣ֮ǰΪ֮ЭҲʹϡ
ϣĪ˵ͷЦЦȷʵˣֻѵѶ鱦һ²Ȥô
Īͬ͸뷨Цݣüͷ΢΢һ壬һ鱦ȻȤֻЭصҹҵĶľţʲô㣬Ҳ֪ͨĪ˰ɣ
̵ĻĪûн˼˵ͷ˵öԣ¶ˣ˾͹ˣ
ҪŭĪҪ֪ʲô˭֪ĪΪһΪ˸βȴûʱ̽һͷҲصĳʮɱȥ
ǰҲ˼һ½ˣǰŸǶȥƬ̣ڳֻʣһˡ
ȥĪ⣬΢΢һЦһʦܣſѻһͬȥΪ㲻ȥ
һԣҡͷʦǻȤСܣСֻ뵱һֻҰףңڱɣɴΣαش֡ολʦҲǰһˣԵƬ̣Ҳǻغϵġ
ĪԣζһЦʦܹȻͬѰҵ鱦鱦֮ǿͷʶܹ׽ĶȻ׾ͷʦϵܻкܶడ
һƲƲ죬СܲеֶΣֻЩֶٶεֵһ鱦
ĪЦʦҲ鱦ˣϧǣʦֶβ¾õ׷ãвһ氡
һĪ˼Լ֪ȻרϹ֮ȴԹ㷺ÿÿ涼ΪУ֪ﵽһ̶ȣԷСΪɾ͡󷨴ʦõ֤ӵһ鱦ҹ£õĺôٴγɾ͡󷨴ʦ
ֻǶЩ飬һý͡ʱĪͷһתȻʦҪҲԼɣˣһΪҾ˳ᣬȫʦһ֮ˣ
һһû뵽ĪȻͬʱһԳĬѩҲڵҲлʦչˣҲĪʦһ㣬Эʦܵõ鱦ɣ
˵Ī֮Ī֮ԷԼ˵ùȥѩȻҲԼǾЩͷˡ
Ҫʸ飬һƴѪζ紵ͬʱԶԶɼһѪɿӽ
û뵽һľȻǻ߰ɣþ˷ʱ䣡
ʦѵʦֲЩŹôν³οƿܣ˵ʲôֶοԲĿأ
Ŷʦܵ˼ǡ벶ȸں󣡡
һ˵ͷʾͬĪ΢΢һ˼һЦҲãǾͿǵҲˣ
Ѫܽʹ÷ڸǣϢƬ֮Ѫ˵أԳǵһȥѪ
ʱһʩչ֮Ҽ飬ǿзֳʶҲԲ˵Ĵڡȷûˣǹһ˿Ц
һװ֪ȻܹƭùˣƭùҡֻȻҲܹ鱦ڷ򣬵֪а˱һѪھմȾһ˿Ѫɷֻ֮ҪһûѪɷ֮ʱ׷ٵڣЩΪǵļһųԻҰɣ
ʱһϢӽЦһͷҲصĳ汾Դȥգ˱ʧ޹⻪֮Сͬʱһ˵¶
ʦܹȻ㣬߰ɣȸˣǲһ̵ܹô
ʦҲʶʶµķ羰ʦ㣬߰ɣ
ѩûзҲ֮Ѫ׷ȥ
ʧ֮󣬺Ȼ½˴ԭȥħӢֻһûǰԸʱŽЭǶУǽӣȺ汾Դȥ


һһ 
ȴ˵һ˸汾Դһͷ޹â֮Уһ̹⻪ſǰ龰
ӳһʯһ޴ޱȵʯһʯͷҲһɽһڵӴʵɽ֮˵ʯֻΪһ֣ǡ桯
ʯġ桯֣ͷֻ𾪡ǺεȵĴֱʣȻӲһɽʯһʯȴΪһıԴڡ
ڸпͬʱһ̨֮΢΢һԭ汮Ӱ·Ҫعĸ׻һ㡣ֻڱҶѹ֮£ܿͱѹˣƽķ·ʲôûз
һвûκ飬ȴǿˣΪ汮籾Դ֧⣬ΪԼ浽̬Ĵڡ
ʦܣ㿴ʼжˣҲ߰ɣĪһڳԾæѡ
ŶСܵһμ㳡̫𺳣ʦּЦˣȻжˣǾ͸Ͻ׷ȥɣһһ±㲻Ϣ׷ȥ
˴һ㣬ǿĽƲպʹʶһ·۶ȥһ汭֮¡ǰǳɰǧȣЩܲ汮أݺύ·һԻ̧ۿȥֵÿһȶֻܿʮԶٿԶڡ
ãЩ汾Դһ֣֮ǿǵֶκʶܹͻƣѾ˳ȥҲˣƺû뵽ȻĪɫЩÿ˵תͷһͬʱѩҲĿת
ö˵һʱЦæͷʦʦĲСȴЩһԣֻ벻ɾͲ֪ˡ
ĪԹһЦһļɲɶʦ㣬鱦ǶˣԼûܵõǿɹֲˣ
һû뵽ĪȻΣʱЦãƺõͬʱһЩжóĵһ֮ϳһ̡˵ָ֮ǽһöѪ롣
Īѩɻı飬һҲΣæ͵֮ǰйڵʱģѪɷֻ֮ҪѰ֮ܣҵ⡣
˵䣬һ㿪ʼж̧һ㣬ԭҡѪ뾹ȻĲֱָһ򣬶һȡ
ˣȷ÷һԥ̤ϳȣĪѩҲû飬Ѹٸȥ
߳ʮ֮ٿ󣬾Ȼ·ҲţֻѪָһ·ֱУÿÿ·ڣҲ˿ᣬ֪жãжԶ·ԭѪ뾹Ȼٴβǲͣ½Ų
ǰ棬ڽʲôж鱦̵ʮˣ
ʮǺǣôšʦ˵Ƿ֣ұƴҲвֻҵҪ̵ģĪĦȭƵǵûп־壬˷ܡ
˼ٶȣȥۼǰ滹߳ȣȻ䳤Ⱦɢһޱȵƽ̨ǰƽ̨һɫ̳һ·ٵڼ̳Ĵ߶ſѪ顯ޱѪ˳̳ӿȥ
˵ĳ֣һȻ˻˴û뵽Լǰţ֮оȻɵˡ
Ϊô죬ĿһӾһУʱͫ͵طŴ󣬴Ъ˹еˣԭ㣬ԭ㣬㻵ҵѪ
һҲڣ΢΢һЦĳֻǴҲ㲻ĳͷֻѡ˾ȻĳͷҲòˡ
ò״˶ġѪһһ֮ԭĲþͲȫſٺķһѪԼ·ҵʮ鱦ڡ˭֪һȻѪ˵˵ȥķͷѪ󻹸һ˼¡
뵽ټʮǰһ֮󣬲ܿ䣬ͬžԮͷķŭͬɽ緢ҲƲסһȥɣԭ̨Ѫ˷ֳһͳһ˾
ѪϮûа㾪ţһųʱסƬѪˣĪѩҲ׷ȡ鱦׹⣬ȻͷŲ࣬ȴҲ㹻ݡ
ʦܣ㵽ЩʲôȻҲŭȳ̶ȡĪʱȻ̲סȤһһ
һ״ٺһЦͼ䣬ȴһϤĿЦӼ̳ϴһӼ̳ӲѪˣһӰȻ̤Ѫͬƽأ̵ʮ


һһһ Ϸ
ɣɣԽԽãǣļƻܹʵʩʮЦһһöƵ𣬲ǡʲô
֣ԭŭҲһ㶣æʩչֶΣѪ֮гƥץ˹ȥ
ʦܣĺʱ򣬿Ҫ֣Ī˫۽ǵʮѯһ
ʱ򣡡һҡҡͷĿҲֻڵʮϣ˹ƶˣô׾ͽ鱦֣ضк֣Ҫôס
Ȼһ䣬ϺҫһâӽѪɫƥջ٣ͬʱһӹ˷ǱѪɫ̨εɫ⻪⻪Ѫʡ
αֶΣҲѪУЩӰ졣Ҳ˴ӷŭ֮ѹջѪֶΣԣ俴ǽӦġɫ̨
˾ڲ࣬ʮûа㵣ǣһЦޣȻǾͰˣˣͿְɣ
˵䣬ʮһѽץסһ͵ؽҾɫ̨ϡһʱ䣬ӹȻֹһߵϢɫ̳籡뵳һƬǻ̳
һƬǻԣһо޲T׽ٴ궯һε궯Ȼֹסֻæ֮ǰռĵŽͼƬӡ޲T׽ٴνֹס
ǣĪһѿĿѩ˴̳ǿ汾ԴĴţĿľȻǽ衮ţ֮ۻ汾Դ
⻰һʱ޲T׽Ϊħ֣޲T׽ĿıǶȡ汾ԴΪɼ鱦û뱻ͨǿ鱦ѹʮꡣо汾ԴϢȻ궯
Цĵʮһն˵óѣĪʦ֣ʦ㣬һϰɣ
һϣĪ𷽲ŵ𾪣Ǽ֮ɫѩҲִ֣Ҳӹɡ
ɣһϷǺú棡ʮһЦǻ֮ʧ
鱦£ߣԱ񣬵ʱοưոݣһҲȥ
߰ɣһͷͬ⣬Ҳȥ
뱾Դ֮һ˷ǻԵУԭպʶ˲ʧǿĸоλһƺԴڣ֮ƺԼǷԷǱһ
ΰǽ۲챾Դĸоѹֹʱ伮Ծڴ˲޼¼ԭǸ޷¼ĪҲ̾
ȷʵˣֻȸֻÿʮһλᣬΣ֮ʱȴԸбҲ㣬ûƬͣϢĻᰡ
һ䣬Զ֮ʶݹȥʮҿƺռϷ硣
Ѹٷ˹ȥʱ׼Ѫ顯ԵʮһɱУ׷æֶΣ˺ʮɣ䱸ƵĿһˣȻǻȸں
ʮûԾǵܣûа㣬һЦĿˣΪɵһ
Ƭ̣ʮٺһЦڵˣٲһϷɾͽ˲Ȥˡ
ֻƿ֮ӢĽ֮еˣҲ֪ôͨԹȣ˴
λѣɾͲʵˣа취ҵаȻҲ˵һǲ˼ӻ񸫣·ЦƵ˵ţֻ⻰һڣͬʱԼһȵ֮͸֮Ȼ񣬵Ҳļ֮ˡ
⻰һҪ𻰣ȴĪȵӺα˵ûֶΣ׷Ҫ˵ʲôԵĵطҲǸѰˣѣ˵ǰɣ
ͷζָԼͷŭⲪȴٲⷢйһȻЭǴ˺һжƾ£ĳֶ׷٣ѵҪͨǲɣ
˵䣬߶ſѪ顯һŨѪɷ֮ζȻǲ˼ǿƣҲ׷ջز˼ϾʱԴѾصˡ
ʱһ˹ǱڲĵʮһЦǴɾȻûпȻ׷ҵʮֿǣ羡뱾̣һ鸱֮λԴΣ
⻰˶شΨпӺٺһЦ̫СҸࡣ


һһŶ ˭ĺ
ϷŪһ䣬ʮǵûзŭһЦ֮λҲǲԣֻҪܹͣõ˵ʶײˣ
Էƺûзŭĵߣ֪ϷŪҲûãһЦһа̰ˣǽǸҿҲֻǿһĶ⣬Ȱ㻹ǹԹ־ܣｻһԸһʹ죬ñ˿ƣ
⻰һڣ˵עڵʮϣֻĻشǰ㲻ã˵þҪ붯֣նɱǰ
ʮƺҲײˣƤӵʱⲽ߽֪ͳƣһЦҪԣҪ־ҲԣֻǱֻһ֪øһλ
Ȼ˶֪Ļʵȷʵˡʱǡɮ١˭˶Ҫ鱦鱦ȴֻһڳ˲
ߣСֶξȻۣһߴ֮д˾ͽὣֱָҪƾ£Ҫľɱаˣ˵䣬ݽֱֱʮɱȥ
ȻҪֹվûжֻۿ˾ͽ˳֡˾ͽһҪֱʮʱԵõЦ΢΢һ䡣
úݵֶΣ˼ǹȻܺãϧϼ뱾ֻ̣Ǳ̵ĵˡֻǽձֻзڴˣвǣҪץסңȡȴǳ롣ħ֮ǧħ֣
ʮһ߷˱ܿ˾ͽһһŭһһһ֮͵ع롮֮Сһ˲䣬һɫӡ֮зɳеĵֵ˾ͽ˵Ľ⣬еƮڿֱӻΡ
ЩĹ⻪ɢȥֻ澹ȻȫǵʮϰٸʶһɨȻϢǿһ޶
ϰٸʮͬЦôϷܹץңҽЩһ©ץǱҶǵģ򣬾͵űԴ֮մȾԺ͸ĸ֣ɣ
ЦУϰٸʮƬ̲ͣת˸ͬķ򳯱ԴɱȥһʱԭأܿǾ͸϶˷׷ȥ
û뵽Ȼôһ֣̫ɶˣʦܣһҲҪƴȨˣ֮ǰӦû취ˣȻǱ׷鱦ȻţĪٽҲ˸׷˹ȥ
գۣԭֻʣѩһˡѩǵȻûа㼱е˼תͷؿһһۣƺҪʲôһ̾Ҳȥ
ѩı仯һȻ֪Ϊ㣬ȴסʱиҪǰҲݲ
û뵽ʱҪⶫˣˣҲͷˣðײãҿλʮ˵ȥʲôطɣ
˵ţһʶֱ̨뱴Ҷ֮Уײֱмһ㣬ǰ֮ǰնɱʮõСˡ
Ƭ֮һǹһ˿ЦʮȻթȻַҪЩֶβܵõˣ˵գݽ𣬳һֱȥ
ȴ˵˶ûʮֶΣĬĸѡ˷׷ȥкƷѡһΪ·׷ȥɱȻû׷ۼǰһ·ϽһϲԳŭ֮ɫ
ģԴħǣһ·»һǷһ˷ǵʲôôû̵˵ȻΪ¡˵ҲͰˣħǵ֣˵ҽҲ޷
䣬Ʒ׷û˵Ȼһɫ˹
һĻƷȻԾΪħŵմӢӣʵս֮ḻԶˣ˲Ӧ֮ߣ̧һУ˿类һɡ״׽Եס
ΪԼ֣׼նԵʱһ鹫ӺΪ飬ֻ鰮Ǽ٣Ψ棬̣һжһж鰮ڣ񲻳졣
ƷΪͻȻֵһæʹ˿米ȥ˭֪Ȼһգһ̣ͬ̾Ϣʮ࣬ܿ죬ͬԶںһջһˡ
Ǳ𣡡ƷƿǰˣɵóһܿһЦϵ˿籵û뵽ãȻ𡣡
˭֪ǵʮҡҡͷҲ鹫ããΪ鹫Ĵڣضû㣬û뵽


һһ Ʒ
û뵽ʲôƷ΢ͷԼоԾ
ʮٺһЦû뵽鹫ӣŪ鰮ĸ֣ȻҲΪ
ʲôƷͷһһ˲һйӴÿһ󶼴Ժ֮ѸӹܿʶʲôԾĺãתһſձ㳯˳ȥ
ֻǼӦһҲһģһʮͳҵ˲䣬ȻϢ󣬸պƶƣƷƴһǡ
Զ˹Ʒ鱦ȻҪһʮǷڸ֣İԶƷƣټ֮Ĺ죬Ȼƴһƽ֡ںƷ׼ַ˵ʱһճȻ֡
鹫ӣȻ㲻֪ΰҽվúʶһ°ɣ
ƴƵĵʮһЦɫԪһԶƷӿȥ˲Ϣʹƽȥˡ
֮壬Ʒæ˾ҪƳ⣬鱦֮壬ﵽ˱һľ磬Ҫ֮ԣҪʱ佫֮ƳǾͺˡ
ԭ֮죬Ҳȫߣ˵ˣѹ̶ܹʱͻټҵֻû뱻ͷħϣ֮壬ֻʹаٶ֣½Ҳ׶༪ˡ
뵽Ʒɫһ䣬Ȼһ˿ĵĳ죬û뵽˾Ȼ⧲УֻһСŮӣεڡʵСỤ̊αǿֻҪһ仰£ô
ƷһУ֮нֵĹʩչĹѾ֮УƽﲻʩóĲЩ˶ҪУȫʩչʯĳҪָᡣ
ȻںƷ֮УǵʮҲҪԿԭ¶ϵļıǻ۾лŮƺʱҪƷȥ˺ǱͲԼһ
ƷƼ״ͷЦȻһɫĹȻЩֵĻûôǶԸЩˣһһ׼
뵽ƷԺ֮ٴθһӰֻһûзջ˼˿Ƕ˵ĵʮꡯһȻһЦһЦȻмСƽķϣνǣʱõʮԳ֮ɫ
ʱ죬ƷƣʮǰĿһ̧ҪԷͷȥ˭֪ʱʮҲո̧һѽץס߬ĸͣ
ƷƬ̣ȷԷδѣһһЦһֶεԭ˼ɫ÷ƷʴӣȻļȽƷڵ֮ˣƷƲźźˣ˵Ҳǣ
⻰ʮûаɣͷƺã̧һУԭںƷڵ֮ͬˮһ˳
ƷͷϲæתԪմۼ֮ҪգصȻͣһҵ֮ڣȥ
ƷƳһȴԼĹʧȥЧ˺󣬳̽ףˣôˣѵƷźô
ҪȻҪģ̲źãǰһʱ򣬵ʮ룬֮תһĨﻹа֮ɫ
㾹ȻûУƷƼ״ɣԶԶǲ˼Ϳ־Ŀţҵûܹ;
ʮȻһЦޣԭˣҲ˵鹫ӵȻ֮ûܹ;ѳǴһʼûаΪҵһȫˣλᱻȻָУָڳ֮ˣҲջرˣκ鹫༸أ
ƷƶʱȻԭһֱǱ˵Ĳĸһ֮󣬶Էһ֮Լڣ谭Լʵӣջرһʱ֮ԭӦԼռϷ龹Ȼޱȵơ
ˣƷ֪ûʲô˵ģһ˿籱㳯ȥҲԥٺһЦҲͬƷƶ
һȶǴʵƴƷ֮ڣֻܷоųϿͨ仯һЩһķܿʹϷѹƣҶ˲ԽԽ󣬺ƷƵƿ᧿Σ
ѵҺƷƽվҪ̵ħƲɣǰת£֮У궼Ҫ֮Ϊ˿ܡҲģҲУ
뵽Ʒͷ¶֮⣬ۼʮɽĺ˺鱦ȻҪ뱦ͬʱԱ


һһ 
ʮΪ֣İպ͸Ӧʮ񣬵һʱоƷƵĿģľ֮æ˺ͬʱЦΪ鹫ǸСڵŮӣû뵽Ȼ̲ˣˣȻǾɣĿȥɣ
ƷƼԷȻ˾ͷһ˿źĸоھƣǲԱֻб֮ʴΪһڵȴԮҲ룬ΪϰٵɢҶȥ׷ȥˣҪвˡ
ںƷ֮ʱһƿ֮ԶһգۼԶɵԱߣһ洫ø˾Ȼ۸һŮδ̫ۣ±ȻȻܹӮңҾΡ
ڳ˶һǺƷ˵ʲô飬ϲŭ꣬Թޣȫͬһá
ôô֪˵֪а˵Ƕûвô֪
Ժ֮ͷܶƷƺ뵽һֿܣȵ㾹ȻңΪʲôҪңѵӺҲô
һʼʮʱ֪ǸźƷȥħ˲£Ůȴй̫˫ޣҲЩһƷƽӴһ漰鱦漰汾ԴҲò
ʱ򣬱㷢ֶѾϡΪ˱鷳׼ȵʮʤȥ֮ٳ֡˭֪ʱ򣬺ƷѾ·ȻִԱڶ෽ǣԼͷһᣬؼʱ̳ˡ
ƷһŭһͷЦѣҲᣬб䣬Ҳòڵֻ׷㲢޹ϵ
Ʒԣ¶֮ɫȴܴһϿ㶫ʱҲΣգһɵԶʼ֮
һ׺ƷҪ⣬ͷҲһתͷ򸱽òˣɫͬһڣȻɫ̻氡
㶣ô֪ħ飬ѵԭˣ˵ôԵ޹ʾһöӣԭǱնɱˣ˵˵ͨˡĸУҲûа취ֻǿһµĿ๤Ȼô˷ˡ
˵ţ̾һƺϧһȴܿȻϧȴϧһϧԼһµĿ๤Į飬һ̵ӡд֡
Щȴҡǣ΢΢һЦҲϧ˵ҲûϧıҪΪܿӡöҲҪԾ͵ͬ·µΣ
һԴԾĿһһۣЦ¾ڵ㣬һﳤǰɡģѵΪƾһܹ֮ԸҲɡҲǾӢһֻҪϹ˳̣Ҿͽ鱦ˡ
һ˦䣬ġУŻ˻Σ⾹ȻҪ͸һ
һ״ҡҡͷˣĳϲõ̤ʵҪԼǣ͵Ķҿɲ¡
ӲԣͷҲЩˡֻкƷƣһʱȥԭļƻҪơ˼һתھʵЦһˣǾ͹ֲñֺˡ˵գһݣ㳯һɱ˹
ڣһ֪Եķ𵱳ǿ࣬кڵ£¶һ˿ϲݽɱ
˶Ƭ̣۽һһУգһȻ˭ҲԸ˭ľ档
һʱɱﵣоԷҲ춯Ҳ߶ʮһ̽ų⽫˰䣬·һء
һУһٴáͷųϰٷЩһֱ뱾һ˷ȥ
һжԸ˻Уҽ֮У׽ˣ
Цһһͷһÿһ׷ϣ̣ʣһһơͬʱһݣֱֱ׷һ۵ķǰ
ˣαضأһսΣ
һеţʮٲӱ̧ͷһֶΣһӢ֮©ôһλź
һԣ𵱳˾ͽ˶˵ڡĻû벻̶ʮ꣬ͳΪܹӵȡŵʮҡҡͷˣźΪøˣǲźأ


һһ һҵ
ʮɵı飬ɫһãȻҪңǾͿֶθߣҵֶǿ
˵䣬ٴȡԭĴӵķջأһңңһšһһֱ˹
һ״ĽһֳȻһֽʹһʱ䣬ըѣɱϣǬתȪֽͬʱʩչһͽԴվϷ硣
һ˾ȻĹɽ⣬ôܣһ۷İϷ
ʮƺҵһ㣬һΪģķΪʮһ˲仯ɫ㣬ÿһȫͬĺۼ˷һȥ
ҪԱ仯ҵĽ¸Ҫʧˣ
һȻһЦת֮䣬ĽҲʮʮʮգۼ仯⣬ÿһⶼжؽУԭ׽УҲһıУÿһжϬޱȣպöÿһɫ㡣
ֻһƵžը죬ɫѸٱƣʱ䣬ɫ㾡ɢǸҲʧһջн⣬üͷ΢壬һ㽫ʶɨÿһ䣬ҲûзֵʮӰ
ףȻҽ֮ƾʧѵǿռ䷨ȻǷ֣ⲻһܹʹһռͨҲӵóҵĽռ䡣
һûҵʮڣ̾һֽ⿪ֻǺƷԭر֮ǸûӰ
һ˼һת˫΢Уǹһ˿ЦݣǰѯʵѣɼǸӽ֮г
ɵ˲ǲмħôʱЭû㣡Ʒƿһ΢Цͷûաͷȥٲᡣ
˵öԣ˫ǵзѣȷʵû飬ҲˣҾ㣬ѱ֮ƣĳһ㻵˼µ㡭˵ţһ촽´Ʒ˼
㣡ƷյָһȵһΪɵˣȻȱ֮¡
һһЦ˵Цˣȷʵɵˣ֮Ҳ˫һ˵ħĲɲɲͬ˫֮ʱͣشǺĺ°
Ʒһ˫ޡ֣൱һ˫ޣԭͼ˼ָһҲ˵
һ״ôߣǰһЦοڻ֮˫ޣ˵ûҹζడ˵ţһһĳƷ߽
ƷƼﻹұ֮æ𣬵˿籽Լסﻹݺ鳡Եǧӵ鹫ӣһ±ǿ°ٵСŮӡ
㵽ҪʲôƷСĿһʵ
ǺǣҪʲôֻǺѲϣֻϰˡһЦԽԽ
Ʒܲסȣ˷һתæ֪ȥҸˣҿӽ֮ͳԴȥˡ
һͣ½ŲĿ˺ƷһۣһЦΪȻѻƭô˫֮ĳܵõϢ˵䣬ͳƷ˹ȥ
Ʒϴӣæ˿籵ֵԭֻʹŸ븱һ˥һĶ֣У㱻˿籣һ̾ͱһһڻС
ƷһȻͶͱȴǵһαǿбڻУѲʱƣоԼԽԽƺҪʧȥе
һ״һЦû뵽µ鹫ӾȻ̬治ħĴˣĳһ׷ɣ
˵䣬ͽƷƴ˹ȥƷƼ״ƺһжˣֻһڲ
ۼһ˫촽ҪһȾָһЦɵҲˣȻ˲ͼ̣ʲôɵħá
⻰һŵתͷȥǸ˭ˡֻǴʱƷƣﻹܻ֣ոնǵʮһֱӻһ⳯Ͷȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬һоڶһǿͬʱԺ֮дǵʮĿЦȻ㲻Ͷ̣ͽˣ˺ĹֶΣˣһжǱģŮˣҲϧģ
ԭһֻŵһǹһ˿Цĳ򸱽˶ʱˣֻǸ˵ˣһβҵһжҵģǸһҲΪҵġ


һһ ܹ
һ⻰˵ˣΪ˵ǺЦСӣȻʵΪ㲻ԪӤڣ۱û鱦ѵΪԵֵҵ֮ɡ
һ˿壬ҲһЦ٣˵ҲҪҲһ߷ˣѵͲ﷭ô
ߣʲô﷭ʱ䣬ϣСӻ߱㣬ģȶ꣬ó
˵䣬ķֶãһ߽ʶͷһʶ֮Уͬʱֿʼ֮֫ٺ﷽ȥ
Ծǣһϲʶ֫ٺﶼûУżԪҲƺϻһ㣬׷ȥ׾ٵľͽʶ͵Ҫء
ʶ͵ʱͬʱڵʶ̨Լǽ׶ɫųԪͽɷ֮𵤡
ף˵ʲôŹ˵ⵤϹ֮޳ɣѹֲԪӤھΪã̫ˣΪһܹ֮մȾԴΪ̶һ˱㲻û뵽Ȼȹֻ̥Ҫܹ֪ܹζϹŽ𵤴˵ûΪ
̰һΪ˶һȫΪԼ£ʹѹ뷨֮˿˿ͬ˿һ㳯̨𵤲ȥܿͽ֮Դʵʵ
Сӣ㻹кλ˵걾ԴҲҪˣɴɣǱˣһ·
ۼ˼򵥾ͻʤʮãҲɣ׼һ걾Դƭܹк󻼡Ȼܿһ˻ظ
Ŷ˾Ȼ˿ĳȴСǼˣ̲˭ҵ⣬ֻ͸
ʲô֣
ɱ⣡һ˵ţ֮͸¶ȫĮͲм
µ㻹˲񣬿ǲײĲᣬΪ㽫걾ԴҾҲ㣬ҽ֮ô㶼ԣ
һɱ⡯ּŭڷյķʽȫ߶֮ʼԶ
˭֪һ˿̨ʱԭƽ̨ʱȻ󲨣̨ǷɹâһıҶٴηԭĽ⣬͵֮ǹһ£ǿȻնɡ
ͻʱ򣬽֮ҲݻõϢԭ̨ܴͬʱǱʵʵ·ûа㷴𵤾ȻתתʱԪͽɷ֮ʼЮ֮
ô£֮ôܱסܣ
ͻĴһ·˳ĸһˣعһǰ˵ÿһ仰ʱȻֻʱѾݵ󡢸ܵеõ
㣬һжڲݣƣҳҶ㣬Ŀľ뽫ȫ
ŶԭڲŷĳΪܹ㷢û뵽Ҳ˰ȻˣҾͲˣ
˵䣬̨֮иҲһɷŷͶ뱴ҶʹԭͷĽܼͬһ㣬ÿҪһʶͬʱתϿʼָֹģҲʮƵļӿ֮ٶȡ
ʵʴ˫ѹ֮£ԭһнƵĿʼˡڻæ֮Ҫջ֮һοʶ͵ͬʱһŷŹľ档
оÿԼڷɿϣһеˣҪȫɣҲģ㲻ҳҾԱҲҪᣡ
Ȼһٴδˣ㲻̰ĳΪ͹һ㣬Ҳ㻹ܹ쵽Ա񣬿вɣ
һﱻһĻ֪ԼƾãԱҲԱˣֻԹĶһ
ȼĸ֣ûרֻ֮Ҫ㾡ͷ뷨ȥҲһӰ죬пܳΪһĴڡϧһŵ֮Ҳһон֣֮ͫΪ֮һǴ
ʱţԼĪʱʱ򣬸û㹻䣬ֹ˰ʱ̵ʮϵ֮һ
ʱŻһɱڻе鹫ӺƷơ


һһ Դͬ
ƷͱһԪסܶһʮʱͱһεıڻС
ˣҲħϣǰٸн顣ƽｫŪڹƵǷԵúͿⶼʧ
ʱһĿָǺǹЦݣʹվõͷٴ
㵽˭ǰһĻƷæѯʵ
һ˭أһ٬ƲƲ죬ֱ۽˽ƷƱе㴭
㣬û鱦ȻûбᣡƷ˲ȷһʤûͷһ
Ǻǣĳôöᣬλܻˣ˵õѵһʱ˰ɣ
ƷһʱԼһ콾һǱϻĴڣתԼȻ˽ٿһϵЦݣ·˵ˮת굽Ҽҡһʱѡ
֪ҸɱǣȻһδεѣû뵽ȻҵġƷƱ˵ħϡ֣ȴ˵ڣһͷȥ
һƷƲԼҲһæԪƷڣʶʶ֮У˲䣬Ʒǰȳ㻹Ҫ㣬һеһж޷Ρ
Ʒ֪Դһ취ûУͷޱߵĳУһʱ侹ȻƺͲŵһϣȻ¶պлһһҲһ衣
ƷȫһʶӽڷԤĶһӡϢȻǿȴ˲ĸо
ɽ٣ȻǶɽٸָµӡֶɽϢħ֮йȻҲȸ֣˿ŶǼ򵥵ĴڡҺûпǹҪɱû̫ԩǵһɽٸֵķŭ¾бŸֱպҲάˡ
뵽һæ˳ȻὫЩߺƷƣջԪʱ˳㽫ڵ֮ѹλ
Ʒû뵽һȻֶΣΪķŭס˫ۣһһֻӷŭˡʱһԷſ˵һЩͷԵĻ
ѣҸѡ񣬵һɱڣӴ֪ҽնɱõ鱦飻ڶǾҷߣħķĲŷκˡ
Ʒ꣬Ŀһһۣô򵥣ֻҪŵˣѵûˣ
һԶʱ׺ƷƽԼŵϷˣͷݸһЦǺҪĳȻ
ƷЦζһԼû뷨ŵһвϷõʮϹˡ֪ӦһͷԽԽǿֻεúãһûп
ˣҾѡڶ·ҺƷħķģ֮¾κˣ׽ٽҺɱԹԡ
ƷƷôһݶԣһķġΪƷǰ;ˣΪΥһֱӽǰ;ĨɵǲɵġҼ˵ŵҲûмһŵһɽٸɱڡ
õ֮һҲżƷɰȽԼ֮ԪӤڵΪ֮ŷ˺ƷȥԼһ·汾Դȥ
ν汾ԴԴͱԴ֮Ҳʧֻ֮Ҫ𻯷ɣǾ벻汾ԴǣܹͬԱԴΪ򶼻õĺô
˰գһоԼļڣĿ汾ԴһŴִģʵĹţ浽ʲôȻ֪Խӽ汾ԴõĺôԽ࣬оǼôǰԼͻᱻԴͬعٲҡ
ڴˣΪȻʵ۶ԱԴͬĵֿȴӵ鱦ħӢǿҲ˵ͬڱԴ˵õĺôҪࡣ
ҲԼ뷨һֱһöУǡ˵ʮ֮ⱦȻС
ﲻ鱦汾Դ֮ȻԱԴ֮ͬһֿɣ
˵ţһһ˿ʶ̽롮֮Уڳ˯Ȼȫ鱦ҪʹȴҲ̫󹦷򡣹ȻעԪ֮󣬺ܿͽ֮е֧ʱͿ䲿ܡ

߳һһĤ𣬽һУһʱо汾Դͬٵûеĵز


һһŰ Դһǧ
öȻմȾ˱Դֵܹ֮ԴͬѹǵʮҪ֮մ۱Դһռ˴ˣ
ȻһЦһԦߡڹĤ֮һ·ɱٷգٴθе޵ĴڡԶԵСֵ汾ԴȻɿ״ĦٱҪԶɣͷˡ
طһʼϥΪûܹﵽ룬Ҳþʲôſ񾭣Լ飬һ˲һоضԼһ壬·һУԼȡ
һ̤Ϲ֮ÿÿһҪĻ˵ʮǼᶨϼѣ˵һǧƲά衣
汾Դͨͬã鶯޾ķ򣬷·һȡ֮֮ߵı⡣
˲ͬеıǲ֮ɾ·ӡΪһж֮֮£ԶЩͷҪɸѡգԲȻ£ͬΪٶֻ˵ʮϡ
ϥÿÿһ֮䣬£ĸƽǧ򱶣ԪӤڵΪɿĹΪ龳ֱת˵ûʲôƿԷﾲһգȵ
ôõĻᣬһοϷŹܿľ磬ȫĵͶ뵽֮ȥˡֻ֪ǣʱڴܳת˼Ȧ໥֮䲢ûдк˼Ȼ˿汾ԴͬãԴͶȥ֮⼸Ⱥ˻ٴλصȥˡ
ʱۣһһʮ졣ֱʮ죬תѹʱ·һ˼һᶨǡһָ̣ԭ
˿汾Դüͷ΢壬Ϊоʱ汾Դʮ֮ǰЩֻͬǵʲôͬҲ˵Եɣֻܲ²Ϊ޾ȥˡ
ҲᣬˣٲߣǼӽͬ״̬¾Ҫͬˣõõĺôõˣߵʱˡ
գĿǰ޴ޱȵĹһִۣһ֮ٲתͳ·ȥ
һʱǰ㼱٣һ߷һѰ;ıЩﶼ汾Դڵĸһ㡣šãѹεıﾡȻڴټ޻ʡ
գڣһԾ˳ɫ̳ϡʱ̳Ѿ߰ˣҶھȻԴһҲõٺôһĳֽǾѣĪ֮⣬˶¿ʼ
ĪǰһһһΪѾọ̈̄һЦʦһҲǳ
һڨЦʦֹˣԴ֮عȻʥأ籾ԴҲȷʵܹڴ˼Уǲ鰡
Īԣͬĵ˵ͷʩչ˸κ̽ĽüͷʦܣʵΪ֣ǡˣ
һĪ֪ܹˣҲĪÿɷЦЦ
ĪȻĵ˵ͷһļ˾ͺã˾ͺãΪûаʲôæϣʦô˱ȫ֮ͨŸ߲㣬ʱǱӻܳΪʦܶɽ֮ʣ
һԣʱΪʲôЩӢһֳ鱦ֶۺ죬ȴû˸ᣬԭڱӻ
һĻмĵ˵ͷлʦָ㣬СһΪֻ֮ǲ֪а˷飬Ƿɣ
ĪͷСã˷飬ԼĪһ£Ӧû©οʦȡ鱦Ҫۻ౾ԴҲ첻ˣˣһҵԲɣȫʤˣǻռ֮ӦöʦܲҲһȰɣڲͬע⡣
һͬĵ˵ͷĪһҲȥˡգȻ༸ȺֵľȻ鹫ӺƷơ
һ֣һʱһ˿ʣܿ˶ûз֡һûнԼõ鱦˵ǹһ˿΢Ц
˵룬ⲻһƤ²һ˭õˡһͽ֮ӡڽӿռ֮Уô²̽鶼̽鲻ʵҲֻܲɢ׷뿪޴ʯ湬С


һһž ׼
湬ʮǳȴ汾Դ֮õ֮أʿȻŹôһõطµʱ·ΪħӪԼռ˸ط
Ȼ֮еĻûȫʱлɡʿЭֱЩĻ޽в湬ʿС
һ˴汾Դ֮гȾҲԾٵһγеĻһôص½硣
֮еĵһʿ㼺˵Դ֮ʥأ˶֪ڴ˴ҪȥĻֻʮ֮飬˭ҲûаԼܻôá
ЩԵɣվĶʿһЩԸЧֶΣȻ޵ͽĶʿɡ
뷨һ˽Ȱǰ֡ʶֶε֪ԼЩ˸ͶǣټҪǶԸ޵ķţȻǧٸԸ⡣
ȻЩֶȻһڡȪȻ޸ĹĻȪҲС٣һзɵЧĽɱֶҪǿ˲١
һ֮󣬵ڶҲӭж⡣Ҫֻǵȴȴһ޳˳޳ص½ϡ
֮ʿȺ湬һ㣬ԨһԼ궯ѵĻޣ֪ʱˡ
ڸͷ˵Ĵ֮£˷׷׽һսס֮У˲䣬ԭת͵һٻеĻޣһԶ籡Ŀĵ½
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ڽ롮Ѩһʿʣʮ֣Ӣ¾塣һǿսŹľɫʮѿ
ʱԭѨ֮šĵطһǿһ죬һٱġѨ֮šһ㣬һŨĻ˲佫ı졣
ͷʲô϶£ڶʿ׼һսֻʱţԭԤʱûһͷ޳֡ɻɵʱһӡѨ֮šб
ԭԴҿҪϵĶʿʲôҲ˵ľͳȥһűɱ˹ȥ
ֻ˭֪Ǹոճȥ㱻һˣͬʱмϤЩݹ֮д涷ʣʣ¡
Щԭ˻ɣһɹǿޱȵĶдǱɵҲ֪ٲǻޣԼˡ
Ȼʴʿս֮߳һƬֱƺԭڱľŹʳԾѡЩһ㶼֮£ϤĶȻǻǿһ
ŹæӭȥԭʣԼ³ɾ͵Ľˣ˵ı飬ϲĽʡζӳɡֻƽƽҲò
¾ԲʿǵĳҲ˳¡Ȼ޳֮ЩޣЩѾΪ壬˶ʿȫԽˡ
ŹӪ֮Уʿʿ˫Ϊչ¶ǿʵҪѾ֣ʿʿҲں¶һʵ˳
ǿľŴ۹߲Щʵǰˣ˵ʿҪʮ֮ٴγ֣ȻЩֱҪѧһʿֶΡ
޳֮ʿҲ۵½ıԵʼһԪϵܿ죬ȺϢһԪǱҲϢֻԪһ󣬾ٴ˷
գһ룬˸ٱ֮ʱһһԼŴǣΪ½࣬˵Ϲ塣ȻʲôӣͲܹǵˡ
ǼĿԶҲĴԼһ˵ջһͷʮ㣬Ϊ֪ЩȫóԼڣԲﵽתĵز
ֻԼȻһʱܹ֮õǿպȻб׶˳֡ǱҪѡķֻ²֮⣬֪õĽҪԼ·ߣƵһС


һ ҶҼˣ
һ֮дԭ仯ɱȻԳһͨ·ÿͨ·ȻڸɾӢ˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
һͶ֮Уһǹһ˿Цݡͬһ̤ͬʱһ޶ӿԺǵӵʱӦġ
һ·νһ˳ȴˣһ̣һ˿ĸоӿͷʲôõҪ
ָõ飬һһֶΡͷһ֮ͫת˲ͽԼϵ˿øͨ͸ֻŨɫʣ·ܹɨһеĽѡ
벻£һ˿֮УȻƾת֮ͫϴˢϴˢƺעͬнһĻͨ
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ע⣬һ̼ǿһ֮Уͬſʼȥһ̵·ʱۣתۣڵĶҲи
һ֮ԪӤ֣ʮ𵤵ӡ¶ԼֶΣΪڵ֮Щ˺Ծľ͸
˽һ·̵ʱ򣬺һӺ洫˻ͷȥȻǷ޶˵ԪӤϳ˵飬ƺǱһС֮СͬѣȻԹۣæ֮ͣԼС֮ȥˡ
һУоԾΪ֮еС󣬶ģһ˶Ŀ󷨣һԳϷվԭء
ϣôһ£һæʵ
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һʵЩĪҡҡͷҪöλʧˣĳȻЩֶΣȴ֪λͷ롣
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ȡɱͬţ£һüͷ΢壬ѹЩˣȻȡĴ٣ɱͬŵȷʵ࣬ǶԷҪԼԼҲֵģЩģǾһûˡ
ߣ벻ôҾͰһɣϱͥҷˣӣҷ޶˱ǾӪһɽ
ݣɽһԣͷһתʱȻԭǵ귢ˮĸ֮ʱնɱԪĹӸĺ󻼣֮ʱû뵽Էôˣ
ԭλǴɽϷ򸾣ʧʧֻǶλٳ˵ʲôȡɱͬţͲ֪Ӻ˵ˣǴ˼ɣһȻռȴҲϳϵģϾԷݼʵʮӴ󣬳Լ鱦ȫõϵ֧֣ǾԶġ
ߣƱ磬ҵѾͨϢҶΪһıءʱҲڵشֻ֮ȴͻȻʧ̶̲ʮ꣬޳ɽ𵤻Ѹ鵤Ӥ֮˵ûϵӽкƵ˵ţʮּ
ԭˣ˵λٳû֤˰ɡȻû֤ݣĳѵǰ費ɣ
˵䣬һһһɽ𣬵㽫ͥ޶˸ѹЩֵɱ⣬öľѣԭ׼Ļ˻ȥ
޶˽һ˲Ϣ֮ҲϢųѸһȻֲһҲǿܹӰ졣
ģ㲻Ҫ⣬֪˱ʵҷ޶˾Ķ֣ǼȻ㣬Ȼб㿴ʲô
ͥһЦӻͳһȻһΡⷢβʲôķֻһֶʮ־ϸƷΪҪǣһʮ죬Ϊǵ͸Լĸ׵ġ
һʱͥеƵʲô˫˲ͨ죬ԭصɱŷתԭֵܵͥ޼Ҫ㡣
㲻Ҫҿɲұ֤˵ͥһ֣æе
һһȻ콣ջأɱ޼һҶҼˣҾţ


һһ ̸
Ȼһڣͥʮֵѹ⽣˻ȥҲǾһһͶԼռϷ磬ʱͷ죬Ҳ
һΪԼʵǿΪΪ֪ݼڵʵܹ󣬱˵ôһĵӣ𶼲˵⻰ţߣܹ𻯷ҲôһᡣֻкͬŵˣҪ𻯷ɣҲˡ
һҲݼҵʵ׻˵ĺãۣ֮һ˵˾ۣͥҶˣǱʦţҲһҪʵŵԡⷽҲͥ˵ֻһǵͱľģʱͥĻ˻ȥ
ҵļô֪Ҽ˵Ĵڵģ
⻰ɥ֮ʹӵĴЦģν˲֪ǼĪΪΪԼص޷죬ȴ֪ûв͸ǽֻҪݼҵͷڣ˭ӡϢβҶ֮СˣߺߣȻҲˡ
̣һ˼һתһ뵽ıԼƽ˽ĵεΣϢͨϣʱ϶ܵʱоԶҲһ˿ɱ
һѹסͷʱŭ𣬵˵ҼĽҿһ֮Ҳûз
ʲôͥͬʱȵ㻹뵱ûзɱҶӣȻҪǵûз
һüͷ΢壺ȻǷҪڴˣұǡԪǹ˼֮ͬ꣬ҲأֻΪᱦϧǴԪӤ֮նɱֻǼˣŷնɱ£͵ȥҲռɣ
һĽͣӼе㣬㻹˵ҶӵĲǣ޶֤ãããȻˣҾɱˣ˵ҪдҵȣȴɱҲǼ˰ɣ
˵䣬ͳһңһץ˳ڹӰ֮УŮһС곤ŮĸԼһһչɣŮҶѡ񶼱סǻ˯ѡ
һ˳֣ͷѣڶԷԭڵһ˿ҲȻ޴档ӾҪӺˣϵȴ޲ȥֻǾʱͥס֪תһ
סѵӵĳ㲻뱨˲ɣӴʱͬ蹷һ㣬˭ҧ˭ɷͥ֡
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һ˻ЩߣҲԶΪܹһ񣬾ȻҲǶ³ϵķ֡ڽ³Ҳ֮ͥЦҲùĨǣʲô˵ֻҪܷҼˣҶ㡣
ͥһЦƽкõøˣȻһͨܺãȻ˵Ҳܼ򵥣һܹ쵽һǽ⺣õıͺôǲҶ֮
һ˼һת֪ͥˮĸĴڣԾһЩһ£˵ͷã
ͥһӦЦڶҲܼ򵥣ǾǽԴ֮õбͺôǸοҷ޶һеʧȻʵ֪һεĺôȲſ˾ͽ˶ˣҲ࣬Ի飬ǲԣҲ׺
⻰һͷɱŨֻֻܹ˵ü˵飬ҪթʲôֻܵͷӦôͥ򸾸ʨӴ󿪿ڣ໥˿ھ
·˿ЦģԼȥΪΪˣǴ㷵ţӦе𣬽ųͷ
ʲôһȻǻʮֵֹû뵽һȻĳ뵽ȵز˼һתǾܴӦ
˵ԸҲ᲻ԼΪһǾֻǿ߲Ȩʵﵽ̶ȣͥ򸾳Ծ¾Ͳнյ̸УԼֱӱնɱһɱޡ
ԼȥΪûȵžͻĺݶķ棬˸˵ȫȫǱȻĽ


һ ı
һɣͥЩż˽һ񣬱Ӵе㵽״ӦӦ᲻һΪұ㽫ǾɱˣȻҷ޶ƴǡ
ͥҲźٺЦ˲֪˾ȻܹɱͬţȻǾԣʲôﻹУ춯ɱˣǷ޶˾սҲҪΪӱˡ
һβ֪Ϸֻˣ֪ǲҶԼȴҲðһԡ
ãҿԴӦǵֻ޶°ٷ˵鶼óҲǣôӦſԡ
ʲô˵ȻȷˣǾͲö˵ҷ޶˿ɲСӦġ
ˣһպҲʣһ֣ÿһŵǾͷһˣҲһЩΣ
⻰޶ٴνͥҲֳŵɣûһŵҷ޶˱һˡ
һ˵ͷͷһӴ֮гһųЩһ֣ʱҫ챦⣬ڼݼҷ򸾶һ㶣˲ϢͻָټÿһﲢĹУǿϲ֮ɫ
һһˡ
ͥӵ˵ͷӲԸһָһ㣬֮бǰҶѵĹŷһȥһŵĲĸһչɫЩȴû˵ʲô£㽫ҶӿռСһѾˣڶڶһԴ֮ظ٣Һƭǣһڵġ˵һͥ򸾸̰ᣬæߴ
һһٴεͳһһﾹȻкüһƷ䱦һʱ佫ͥ򸾿ľˡ
üһô౦ôܵõô౦ǷжԹϵ̲ͥסզ̾
˵ϻˣһɫ䣬ƺһŭںʱҪ籡һ
򸾶ȴ𻰣ٴν񣬱ͥһЦãܺãû뵽㾹Ȼô౦ǳҷԤϡҲΪ˻ѣǺһģþһµ׻˭
˵䣬һ̴ͥĸһչһתԭԵĶ˾Ȼתѹ
һ״Ȼͷڴʲô⣬ȴҲ̲סæס˻ָĸףһչǿɻã
˻һһʱָǰʱһӵĿ˿ͥ򸾣תͷһ
ҶһĸѾˣΪĸջǯƣõαΣ
磬㲻ҪҪЮǻɽسǣҶңɱˣһҪΪǱ𰡣
ĸһչĻͥɫϷϲǵıһʩѹûѹ˵ЩһҪٴʩչֶΣö˻˯ȥ
һæһֹסǣǲҪôʵҸǵı滹һҽһǣϣܻĸ׺һչˡ
ȱһͥͷһȻһηŹˣȴҲ뿴һͳô౦»ʲôö
ã㽫һｻǿԿǿȷǡ
һ⻰еϷͷЦѣͷһһ׹ͷһʱһϵ֮ǿһȽȽ
㵽ҪʲôѵɱǲɣͥΪһҪ֣æתĸһչס
һһǲҪôҸǱǸĸ׺͵ܵܣ˵ҾҪǵ
⻰ʮƽԽԽǿ֮£ͥ޶ȴоϯͷĸһչ˲ɢ
һ˵ͷƣڴﵽһ߲ʵĳ̶ʱһ죬һöƴСС
һöƣϼ޻ͥǷӣ˵۾͹˳ͬʱ鱦
һǱһ˴鱦Ҳ÷ֶΪֵֹıͥ޶Ȼһܶ࣬ȴû뵽ȻôһⱦϲľȻʧ
˲䣬һǹһ˿Ц֮ȡ鱦Ŀľ˵Ŀ⣬ôﵽĿġ˲Ϣ䣬ͷһ򽣷ͥ޶˾С


һ Ȫ
뽣֮У˷⣬ͥЩˣһץһ룬һ㵽Ҫʲôѵɱ˲ɣ
һһЦ˵һνҵĽ󣬿»֪ζʲôȻˣҾ͸һᣬΪܹɱˣ;ɱԿ
⻰һ㶣ȴһšϾҲǴɴ󷨵ܹﵽʲô̶ȡǲ²⣬Ȼܹǽ𣬵Ҫֹɱĸһչȴǲܡǿһơ
˽һ񣬾ɱһһһв£ͥһ˿ɫصĺһȻɱҾɱ㿴ֻϣ㲻Ҫڲǣ
˵䣬һָܳһ߾עһչڵĹ֮СֻǱ׼һһչĲҽкһı飬ܿ췢ԼķûзųֱȥȥȻһԲĹ⽣ķ
ʲôͥһʱоһһָᶯɽ
ռ֮󷨿ռ䣡ƺͨ󷨣ͬ¸һֶεķͬСɣ޶˵ɫ˲ɷס
˵ݻ֮תǿǳɾ͡󡯣Ϊ󷨴ʦ֮󣬲ó󷨿ռʱشᱻƵһϸ΢ľ磬ֻҪʵԶԿ֮ˣ֮ÿһ˿Ҫܵ
ں˽ɱԼ󷨵ıöˣ߽ϣΪ󷨿ռ䣬ǿﵽѰԴﵽĸ߶ȣǡһ򷨡Сܹ֮ݺͬԵڡ
Ȼͥ޶˻֪һ򷨡ͷͬʱʶԼھԵơûа취תǱ˵ɱˣǻ߳󷨿¶롣һʱ䣬ԭĳȵףñ
ܣ󷨿ռԪӤΪϵ󷨴ʦϵΪܲã㣬ֻǽޣôܲ󷨿ռ䣬ˣŶ֪ˣһǾŹɽڰ㡣ģҾȻݼԣһ㲻ɱǣɱǣҶס㣡ͥڷ˱뷨תһϱ
һ⻰˵ЩĪŹɽʶ࣬˵ģǾֻһˡ˵ཻƣȻ֮ǰõЩ֮ҲǴɣĶȴԼҪ˵ʲô˱סԼˡ
Ȼһͥæ֮в´ЩһҲͣΪڶԷüҪЮʱѾɱģһɱģ˵ûʲôϵҲʲôΪպ˵İһҪնɱ󻼡
֮䱾ԩ𣬵˭ר裬ӷǵ׷𣬷ЯҼвνǿ벻̣Ҳɱ㣬ҲԲ߳
һҪԾĹݼº鷳ɣͥ⻰ͷ˰أȡһ
ߣҿǲԾĹݼң֮£ǲҲͰˣңߣҶݼ֪ʲôкڣ
ãããȻ˾ҲòƴˣǻҲҪ汳ȥɣ
ͥһԪһȵĵص׶ðⶸȻһתȻתճڣһɹɶӻ֮Ʈ·Ļ档
һҲһСȪ桯ġȪͬһţǰǰĶɡȪšһֱǷ޺ͽ֧
ȪšɱĶǾ˾ֶΡһнû⵽ɣͥȻԵ֮µõ֮Ҵ㹻ĻȴһֱʹáʱһǱϾ·Թǽòʹó
ȻȪ桯ڡȪǳɣҲǼ󣬱ǽռյЩɶᣬͥɵĴнѳ
öͥʱıָһЦģҵģΪֶΣҲоСҲҪɱ㣬Ҫɱļˣ鱦ڵնɱҶ⡮Ȫ桯ζɣ
ͥԦȪ桯ͳһ˹һԭЩԾľģܿ΢ľȾͱ˳Цݣ̧һУȪĺɫС
Ȼͬŷ뽣֮û뵽ȴʹһɵֶΣˣһԣġȪ桯ĶҵġȪӾɣ


һ 
һ㣬ͬһ㣬ٻСȪɫӰͥЮġȪ桯һ̵Ľ档ֻһҽдһֱֻ׷ɶڵĶ˲佫ֱɡ
һֽתͷ˿ǱʹͥҡҡͷĻ治ҵĳ
ͥҲ֣ܿסϱ֮ʹԹ㵿һҧҧгݵ㾹ȻҲʹûȪ㵽ʲôˣѵǴ뱾ŵļϸ
һ·ʲôЦһ㣬ݳΪݼˣȻҲֶͨΣ˵ݼǼϸɡ
ͥµ˵ǷޱţƷв֮⣬ЩаֶΣݼҲסǣֻš
һ״ҲڴˣȻһЦһȪ뽣֮СͬԴǿĻȪע룬ԭܳһʱġȪ桯ʱѹͥһɹ֮ٴν
ۼԼжȥͥͷ־˿һͬӣһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
һҲҪڣ
ŭһϵƱǣԭԪӤڣ˲ԪӤڣϡȪ桯Ҳ賤ȻӲ˿ռ֮ٴ˳
һһ۱㿴ԷʲôһȼԪȡطʱʹûʹΪˣʱʹɱɡˣǰҲֻǶϷһָһ㣬˷˲ж棬ͬʱΪһ⳯شȥ
һ죬ͥȼԪע뷨֮гĻ屦һʮأȻڼױ廤סûб̸ԴһȻֱӰѪˡ
мӻΣбﻤΣ㶯һļˣעҪ
һͷٶнɱɽɽֺ֮ܽѰԪӤֵķ־
ͥ״ǵ巴¶һ˿ݵЦ⡣ԽԽȵħ壬ѿǣ
ֻһը죬ͥǳԪȻըһɴѪɫľֹסͬʱһűըĻҷֱӶȥ
ԪӤϣһҲ΢΢Ծû뵽ʱͥȻʹֶΡ
Ҫ֪ΪûдﵽڣԪӤһ壬һϣûսҪȥǧѣʮа˾߻ħΣաô˵ԪӤڳϼΪΨһõĲħŸץȥˡ
ͥԪӤϣͬʱȼԪٶ֮ȵһĽݣȻΧӷȥ
ΪֶζͥסͶãԼɷԪӤɹ֮и֮⣬еɱǧģˣô찡
ͥԪӤɽԪӤ֮зǲϵ͵øһȥӵĳ˭㲻ÿ˫޶ûúôôˬɣ
һ䣬ͥԪӤȻܳһ̲ҺӶ룬˲Ϣ֮䣬˱涼һԣϵϢҲԽԽǿԪӤ۷壬ֱָԪӤڡͥȼԪͬΪʵʵĴﵽԪӤΪ
µõֻԶԶͥըĵطӿȻԽͥĻ᳢ѽ󣬵ʱŭͷԣǷ֮ɫšģҸƴˣͳһɱ
һۿһУȻԾͥȻԼڵˣüҪЮԼĵˣĽʮУӴѪˡ
ڱһѣ֪ԼͥҲǶ֣θľʹ¾ʱòԶĸһչ˵Ĺ룬ͷһ
ģ㺦ҼҽҲҪ㳢һζЦһͬħһ㣬һšͳö롣
һ״ʱ˼æת󷨿ռ֮ӳֹ룬˲ͽ͵֮ԶΪΣյʱһ˿ͷ
һЦݣץһö͵飬һռ֮ӿ󷨿ռһڶֽǰХһУһ̣Ȼö֮ϡ
һĻһʱԼľʲôطȻ˶Էʹÿռ䱦ӳ󣬵ûϵɥĲ񣬾ȻԼıֶڻɱԼϣͷԼһ


һ 
ŷӣһſҼˣҿȥЩﶼģ鱦Խ㣡
ʲôЦһ㣬еʲôʲô鱦ҶҪֻҪһ
һͷһ£ʵҪʲô
һʣɫ˲еҪʲôҪȫ˵ҪǶᣡ
Ц䣬ӸոմﵽԪӤڵٴϰθߣϢҶ꣬ƺѾһͰըҩʱҪըһ
һϤֻƽӻ򵲣ְ취ԵֵһΣۼĸһչ˾롮ҩͰֻʮɲȫ޷Ķʱȵס
ŭһһͷһ˫£һȫתռ䣬Ҫ׳⣬һ߼ԦԼܹﵽٶȸϹȥ
ֻϻſռ֮Ӱ˽ռҲ赲ٶȣƽ˳ᢣ˲侹Ȼȫôֻξ룬ȴҲ򲻵
һ۶ԭĵΪŭԹŤЦţģһһӣ˵ţһ̧֣ͷץһöһķѪɫķâԥĳȥ
һʼطԱԼȴһξܹ룬ʱ׻
ͬʱӵĿЦĲҽУѸٵĸɱͬй򣬻һŧѪǷķâУһͬ¶ԪӤСţĿԪӤȻը
һú˵ıը֮ԪӤΪģɽĳ˷ѹ˲ûܵĽ⣬ûĸһչĹ룬Ҳû˼۶ȥ㲻һ
ɱը֮ϯ£ƺҡҡ׹ӡʱȺ𣬺ĽըסţŽȶ֮˲佫ռ޷Ŵ󣬰ǧʱжбը֮
ɢ֮һǱĴӱը߳ϵķѽؤװҲѪֻۣɲϷſǰ˫ۣ˫֮Ź⻪˸
ȷޱը֮һķſţһŹ⻪ֱĸһչˣֻǴʱ˵ˣ˵ǹԭԱ˲ǵѾɢǻҲһþֶΣ˵Ĵ۲
Ϊ־ĶˣһɫʮѿҲ˲ûָƣæгָܹʶ鵤ҪǮƵģҩע˻֮УƬ̣˻彥ʵֻһɫûкתѿ
ʱѸʱһһ˶ˡ
ĸתһɫѿæѯʣһҶΪɥ
һչҲЩͷԣæ磬ղŵ׷ʲô飬ôҸоԼĴڣ
˻ظǣһɫԺתТܵܣΪܣûܱסǣ
һŷ˵һĸһչҲָ˷ŵļ䡣Ƕû뵽һգۣĸֵ֮Ѿ
ĸһܴϹ˴ȻЦݣһҲˣΪܼ㳤ˣ˳ɾͣѾʮοαػʲôϡ
һչ״Ҳæ͵˵öԣû뵽Щ겻Ѿȸ߲ʵĴڣҪ˵ܣСܲܣܻסĸףܱסӣҶҶۣȴǶԲסˣֳֻΪСչˣ
Ȱ˵Լһ̾һһչȻΪֱƴȫҲɻὫָǶ󣬵˵һֻͷʣл˵
ԭԱʱĸڹӽһٶ죬ĸĻǣĸĻȴ˲ɻָĴͨҲûл֮
⻰Ȼû˵ĸǵȴԼж˼ֻǵûа㱯ݣ΢΢һЦȰοһʤ죬ⶼˣΪѸߣҲ꣬ο㸸ߣΪҲȥһҲǿܽһչҲ㲻ҹѪΪҲοˡ
һ죬鶼жƣ֮ͯδжᣬĸ׼򵥵һ仰뵽¶ĵεΣһͽɾ𣬶ʱ۽תһξӨ


һ ǰ
ĸТһ̸ĸڶߣȴȥһЦ⣬һ֣ͬζ˿˿ƵƮɢȥ
һ״æʹץȡҪһ£ʩչȴӡǶزסֻĸӡɢؼ䣬ڤڤµꡣ
磬ˡ
ģһ︴ѪҲһᱨģһ˵ն΢е˫֮͸ųǺ⣬ʮǰ֪ѪʱֻЩнĴĥĸĻɢΪޡĶ
˺һչ䣬֪ԼܹṩֶΣһʹطΪһѪΪֶͬѪʺõΨһȱǳɹʲߣֻɡ
һ־ͼ࣬һʺϵֱӶʻƣѪҲٲԭΨһôһĻ֮߳ɳɹļʡ
ֶΣһչҲѡ˵һ֡һʾͬͬʱҲѪ˽׼õġѪó֮⣬ҽȥһƷ䱦սЩ䱦һչĻעԵʮ֮С
طǵʮʹõġħֻ֮޸ģһչħɹļʣǳɹӵһԶŵ
һչָ֮һҲ˻ҶѣԵɸ֪
ҶѾҶǧ𣬼޸һչ֮ҲĵƢ֪ޱ֮ƺһҹ֮任һˣƤӣһֶΡԴˣһѡʺϵĹҶѺһչˣǶ˰ڽӿռ֮
һУһˣڲǵĹâϻָϲޱ״̬½⿪»ص֮Сѯͥ򸾵飬ֻ˵ʧ֮С
Դ֮һˣһʵѾõϿɣ˵Ҳ¼ɣȻͬʧʾźȴû˻ɴ¡һ뿪ػ磬صɽ
һһɽлͣչʵΪ˻ָơһʱ䣬Լ鵤Żָȫ
һգھɽϣ´֮վˣЩ˶һڵӺͳϡ뵽õĺôԼõŽһ϶¶ϲɫ
ڽ³Գϵ֮£˰յλࡣһμ棬Ϊ˴֮⣬仯ıһλڳ֮УΪȴ˾ͽףɼԴ֮һУ¶ǿʵ֮ĵλѾͬ
೤Ϻ͵ӶͶѺõЦݣΪнǿΪʵеλ˭ҲԸһһȽȽԡ̨֮ϵĽ³ϱ鶼࣬Ҫ˵˭ɫѿǾֻж³ϡ
ǰ³Ϊ˽ζͽѵһͥ򸾼֮Сû֮ǵһûСǵλڽһ˿вĸо
ͥǡ·زۡƻȻ֪һйϵΪ³ϣ֣ȴһ֪ϾһҲСԼǶ¼ҶһСܹԸġ
ԳϲĿ佱˹ͣԼǰƵʱ򣬶³ƵĴһһȴһڵרţƺ³ϵڣڿʱ򣬻һЦ
³ϼ״ͷҳ˺ͣЦͥȻʧˣҲⲻ֪ߵغС֪ϷϷô򵥵飬պײϷһڵΪ
ڶ³ϸʱԳϸպýꡣһԲɲ˵һĺ֮㣬ͷҲʮֻϲйƵѯ׼ɢʱ򣬱һվ
һߵ룬Գңңһݵλϣĳѯ֪񡣡
ԳϼһҲд΢΢һЦڳͬţʲô鵫˵޷
һ˵ͷĳѯԳϣǳ֮˽ף˺ϻ°ͬżҪЮ֪õ
˻һԭֳֵʱԳЩͷԣһĵ棬Ҳñӣ΢΢һЦд£ϳΪţնɱɢǣó
һĵ˵ͷԭˣĳպ֪ˣλΪŹ


һ ɱ
Գһ㶣һһʱɫ΢䣬ԥһ£һЦ˵Цˣɣôˣ˵һᣬ˽һΣ
һԳϵ˼һ²һ£ֻĸĻɢĳǰοϾʹϢˣ΢΢һЦԳԣڳͬţµ˵޷Ȼ˺α˽һʧɵϡ
ԳͷЦ޲Լ˵仰ȻһµҲòڵȻˣ˵ǣֻǻù˼ɱǡ
һ˵ͷȻҪ˼ɱ棬ֻĳ˵֮ǲʹ±Ÿ޴棬Ц󷽡
ſΪɽһͽڶһùϵ棬ʱȤæʵʦԵ׺˺£Ȼش󡣡
һ˹ֵλϣλʦֵܣ˵֪ɣɵţΪӦλȴ֪ҲμӴڼ䣬Ȼ˽ЮĳݺĳһֶΣѾڤڤܽ¹֮ڡֻǼˣҵٻǰĸɢó֪ɷغŹ棬ɷغ棿
һԽ˵Խڳû˵һ䷴ԣΪ߲ǾԣִʱȴͬݺԼΪʣͷϣǻӷ
˳ĬƬ̣ȿڵĲԳϣҲſ˾ͽˡһ˲䣬ͬʣȻǶŭʦܣԵ׺ˣ
һʽĿ¼еһϡһҲû뵽ڵľȻƽʵ˾ͽˣⲢܸıļƻ
һܣĿڸ̨֮ϣ̧һָ˲ˣý³ϣ²ƣ
һڳеӳ϶Ŀ⿴²ƣ֮лǳԾţʧ񡭡һʱΪ²ƶЩܲ⡮ʸ֮ġϴˢ
³Ϊһ˽ѵû뵽ɵʱͻȻһʱ䱻˸ֲͷһţ͵شָһС˵˵Ϻ飿
ĿٴתһҪν͡һ׼壬ǹһ˿Ц³ϣĳƽһüĿû뵽ȴеŮ潡ĳݣȻҪ֤ݣҾ͸֤ݣ㿴ʲô
˵䣬һȡһöſ鿴ſɫ΢䣬Ŀ˶²һۣбϣȴͥݳСʦܣӺεк壿
һſƫ̻㽫ʱ£ԼݺĳͥϵòμӴ˴񣬵ȴμӣè壬λӦ֪ɣ
⻰̨ϼλɫ΢䣬һͷȥΨж²ƽƱ²ݳϷ޶ԾãҰǲμˡ֮飬ѵΪҪ׷ңֱЦ
һ˵ͷټӰΣ
˵䣬һͳһöҳС赣һӰͥ޵Σ̸³˶Ըһľ󡣼һĻ˿²Ƶıֱ˱䣬ɽı˱ġ
²뵽һ׼ȶͷһţæⲻܣαġҲǼҪѵ㣬˳ˮǽȥӰУ˾Ȼ˵ʹܣ
һԣǹһ˿Цݣ³˵ĲӰȷʵĳα죬ϴ˷˵ڳλͬҲ˰ɣ
²ԣټ˿Լı飬ʱȻָһС㾹ݺ
һЦݲһҪ˲֪ǼĪΪö³Ϊزĳ׸˰ɣ
⻰ڳˣӽ³ϵ𵤵ӣ²Ƶı鶼˲мĮͱġһֱҪϢ˵Գ϶˵һߣȻǲܴ¡
ö۵һɥ²ͷɱⲪ˲һͷŭһİ𣬴һһ㾹Ȼӹ԰ݺϣҽץŹ洦á
һ䣬лһ˹ȻкҪ׽ù鰸ǲ̵ǿ񱩵ȴҪɱڡ


һ ֣ŭ
²ͻأĳ֣˻ûзӦǳԵɲûгֱ֣Ѹɱеֻһһˡǵܣǻгǽֱָ²ơ
һ²һ˿֮ɫСΪܹԪӤҷŶԣãǲ֣ɱ»Ҫ˷飬Ȼҳ֣ҽɱҲɱˣҲΪһý³Ϊѣ
һˣ²һЦԭɹҪһðзϣ˲߳ɹԪӤ۷һҲԴ
е²Ʊ仯ԳȱɫԭΪ֣ͬڶ²׼ֵ˲ӦһΪڴ£Ϊ߲ͬʱѡϹۡ
룬²֪һ˵£ηҲڽնɱ಻ѹʱֻҪһЩͷٳϣһԲ¡
û뵽һԺ־ȻҲҰν򣬶²ͬʱҲɱġʱνǧһҪҲһ뵽һ֮еϹֳ֣ܵ𷣣Զ²ѡ
Щϼ޻Ľ³ϲͬڳжҲһϵб仯ſ˾ͽˡȴԼĥһʵ֪²ȫҪɱһѣԽһ֮󣬶Ҳûгֻ֣Ǿ䡣
ȴ˵²ƹʮ˶һֳֽԣʯ֮䣬˱ʽֽ֡
²Ʋ̫ɽһ³ϣһ־һ˹һȻҲ˵ܣһ˽ֵһת²ƿ
Ϊ֣²֪ƴֶǽ֣ͬý޽ӽɹʮ֮˾ŶҪܱ²ȴд㣬ǵûƴֹһӽˮԽԽ
ڣһ֮ڣһֽףȻѶ²Ƶķѹסһ̶ֱ²Ŷȥ
²Ƽ״ϲúãССΪƾèܹƵϷƷסȴ֪ҷ㷸·ϵʱ㵱ɱ㣬ֻҪЩϹҲ㣬ȴҪ֮ˣ
²ͷЦֱǽȻ㲻ֻ˫һ飬ö߲ӡ߳һͷȥһҪһܾˡ
һͷƣһ²ʱ˼ͷһתƥȻңҾƾͼƣ֪һһˣһһöĵǽֱ֮²Ŷȥ
ɫּֿ²ȻãȴŻ룬˭֪˲䣬һϵĴŴæȥֻԭķϣȻһСĿնҸԾǣһ㣬ʮһʮһҲںɫ֮᧿Σ
öɫһĻȪӵзɽͻȴƼףһȪĽ߶֮£ͬһ㣬Ʊ׹
²ҲǼʶ֮ҲܿϳⶫĸţڳԾһܹʹõͬʱȴٲһһΡܾˡۼǽԼŻʱձܿ
һȻ֣޹ЦһһתǽϽ£ֱ׶˳Żȥʮ֣ȻߣȴҲһ˿մȾױ֮ϣԭ⻪ڵıȾһ˿ۻࡣ
֣һɳֽ²Ȼûˣ𣬲ΣҲһ
Լú־ȻһС²ͷѣϵĻûָһ
Сʹаֶοܱץʮа˾ħżϸ飬ȻˣǾλһ֣ͬץŷ죡
ƽʱ˵³Ͽڣ˱һӵ׽һȴͬڳûɵӣڼʵ㹻ˣ֪һˣǲм²ƵΪˣʵ㹻˾Ҫ֣ȴûʲôáԴ˻һڳ㿴ҿ㣬˲ȥ
һܣӦ𣬶²ǵͨ죬ٴηȴһЦ
νӰбĳжõֶҲ˵Ƕ³òȻȴݶҿϻ³ϻҪöأ


һ ս
˵֮ǰ²ɱһΪڹʧĻһսʧٱĿŵĳıҲڲסͷŭҧгݵСҪ⣬ЩֶξȻŲűϲͽնɱ
ʽԽԽԿƣԳæǰϵʦϢŭý³ϣܳСƽϡϣҲв֮Ҷͬţ˵ȾĻ³ϵǸ
ϼ״ҲæǰһȰ˵²ƣһһǸǵ²Ȼ߷ߣȴҲóֻ֣һһ仰˲佫ǵġ⡯ˡ
ֱָֽ²ƣЦ϶֪ɱڣȴΥŹ棬ӣƷǺãҸһᣬңһڴս㣬ۣɸҽս
⻰һԳüͷһ壬ͷ⡯ſ˾ͽ˶־â˳ϵӾǵһŵĿһ
²³֮£ۿҪȥŭ͵ش˫ֱһһһٵ˵ʲô
һһЦһûʲôս߸ϵĽ³ϣʤۣʤҸԸܷһʤŹ棬֮ֻǵۣۣ֪ö³Ͽɸҽܣ
²ݺн꣬һαСƣͷŭⲪȴסûжֻ֣ϲɱ˭ܸо
סɱ˵뷨²תͷԳϵ˵λʦ֣ҲӣֻС̫ңǱһ㣬Ҷ²Ƶĵˡ
˻һ³֪Ҳûлػأһһ֪Ȥ񣬱֮ϣ۹۱Ǳǹ̬֮Ȼٲܴˡ
³ȥӳϸ²ۿһСҾ͸ᡣ
һԸһЦáһ䡰֮ɽۡƮȻȥ
ˣԭһ칦ɳ˼棬λ³Ҳ޻˵ֻܾ֪ͨſ޽֮˵ɢȥ
֮һս²ƵͬҰһ㣬ɽһԪ֮⣬вδߵҲ֪Ϣһ֣ٴα쳹н硣
ɽһֱԺ֮УĪͬһ׷ĵԶǵһյ裬¶飬ɷǺųн֮һˡ
һյƷ΢΢һЦĪʦֶǰΪ֮£
ĪԼû㱻뷨ԼʦȻͬʱæصʦԼǣǰΪʦһǼ
˳ĬƬ̣ʦֶһΪãȻҲ͵͵ʦֵƷȻˣҲһԡ
˵䣬˫΢գָڣһָƺСƬ֮һ˿Īҡͷ̾ϢһٴαĿ㣬Σͣ㣬ǰһöƿƻĪǰ
Ī״⣬æʵʦ壬ѵʦܴս
ҡͷҲ
Īǲ⣬ָָԼ͸лƿʦǺ⣿
̾һǲǲףҷָһ㣬Ȼ㲻ûлˣ
㲻Īһ֪Լʦش֮¶һָɶɽ٣µȻһ˵㲻Ͳɵɻˡ
˼Ī̾ϢҲ֣˵źų㣬Ҳ½㣬οشٽǷҲݣ˵һӦ֮ˣӦ֮ˣǣҲҲ
ĪԣʱȻһΪһһף˭֪õֻ̾ˣ½͸֮Ҳ˹ֱƮȻȥ
̤Ժʱ˵УȻҪ֮һͬսԣĪɫ΢ϲת˵һлȥˡ
ĪߺŲãһʱƬ֮̾Ϣһû˴شپȻٻ֮ˣ֪ǼףҿɣգصԺȥˡ
ͬɽУȴҶڵıԺһŮһӺٸԶ˪Ӻѩʦͽˡ
ܵԼϴ˪˪ĵ˵ͷóһԴ֮һУԼӵõ˼ôñͻԪӤڣʵʱǿ롮˽Ŀܡ
ʱһ˪Сݣ˪üͷ΢塣һ֣㽫֮ݸѩ
ѩӹһɫ䵭ƺݶûаӰ졣˪ȴ׽Ϣ֮һ˿΢ɲĲ


һһ ˭˭
˪üͷ΢壬̾һ֮һͬǰȥ
ѩԣһʱʦԼ룬ҲֱԣֻϢƽĴһǡٴγ֮С
ɽ֮⣬ħžۼ֮ءɸҲȺõһս²ƵϢԴ֮һУħŸҪע϶һ֣ȴҪһֽսʱһƬһӪ֮У׷
һۺӪ֮УƷ˿籲Դ֮ϣ߬һö粻ֻžһը飬Ŀ˿ɽ¶һ˿Ц
һѪɫӪ֮Уһ֮սãܺãɴòһȻնɱѪһս㲻ҲӱӵֶΡ
һҰӪ֮УϹֳֺħٴ۳һö뽣У̧ͷ˿ɽǹһ˿Ц˼һҪĴɱ¾׵ʲô̶ȡ
⣬ӣսӣӣԼħŸֵõϢȻһûʲô𣬵Ψ²ȴǶԴսע
֮УżѶһս²ƵϢҲ˻Ϊ¹ˣѵֻнòУŵĶ
ʶõϢȻڶˣȴɽһ̫ɽһִڵɽһҲòС
ȴ˵һ֮УһڳƼߴˡڳʱ֮󣬴һƬȻֱ˿ڣͣ
λϣǾô¸õδðȻСȴһ̬ⷴ˵϶ȤȴҲ̸ϡֻ⻰һڣԭ۵Ĵʱɼ֮ʢ
ʻ³Ҳ׷ױʾɽһΪƢԣǶΪֱˬȻҲоһģȴһµľһΪ޴׷׽кòᡣ
˼״ĵ˵ͷ˵ĲΪӣǲ˼Ϊױɡҽ֮⣬ȴҲĥһʦܣһˡĥһΣ֮ʱپ°ɣ
⻰Աһ³ϵͷǣԦŶȥ
ɽ۲̫֮ͬУʱֻˣԼ³ϡɫЩѿһ׸Աһ³ϣǺöǳĺ£
ǽ³ͥĸףŵôԣɫʮѿæû뵽ӻطžȻɳ顣Ȼɣֳǰȥһ£ָ̫ɽݼҵ
Ե˵ͷɫתã˵Ȼˣȥ±ǡ֪ȻݼһѾ䣬йҲֵùһҷˡڶ²һսǻɽǰһҲϴӦȥڹؼʱһȣܹѵ֮ҲϽܺͽ˰ɣ
³æͷֳ˵ǣֻǣӳɽһһҲһӣϴӦͽֵΣ
Ϻͽ⣡һǲϺͽ⣬ǾǾƲԣԷƣǾ͸Щѵ֪ݼҺ̫ɽһҲǺѹġ
⻰³׹һţͷǱȥ
һԼսԼսȴʱշţõգɽ⣬ħۼˣǶΪۿս
ͣɽһƬѾǧڵȴ֮УЩУΪĶǽ𵤸֣ǿǸɺ֡Ϊ˺弶ѾԣѰ
һս˫һȽȽǣΪԴ֮һΪ֪²Ƹнϼ߳н磬Ҳ֪¶ٴ˵¾һսֳͬһɣͲɵЩûйϵĸҲ¡
˽Ⱥʱͷͣʱһʹһֱʣɽ۷ϿաԳ˶һͶ²ơ
Զ²ĿһһۣһϸһᣬϵͬǸ֪ķϣһ
һԣ·ʲôЦһ㣬һЦͣЦҲŶ²Ƶ³ϣҲһᣬķϣϳϹʧҲһ


һһһ ս
²ԣԭȻı֮лһ˿ɫͷЦãܺãȻҪѰ·ϷҲֻһˣ
²һһǿƲڴϳһٲˮһʼʮʮֵĵչ¶ɡ
ϢɨȫͽʿԾͬʱæסԼЩ֣ͬ³Ϊɻ󣬲ΪģֻΪƽﻹãͻȻŷ֣²Ȼ֮Ϊ˲٣Ÿս岻ʮ꣬ΪѾӽ˺ڡ
³϶Ϻ꣬æʶգȻûв³õˡζȴҲ׶ȻǴͥеõ˺ôҲŹ棬ǷԴ֮ˡ
λ³֢ᣬһսĿҲЩ仯ԭԹһ֪Ȥȴʼ²ƶ̺ôƫһ
Щ뷨һ֪֪ҲûʲôôŶ²ǿƣȴǵȻǵųֿ֮ɢϢҲڶ²ǰͬһҶۣ磬ǷδҲƷ
һ֮ʼȻڶУһǴھԵơĸȴˡ
սһǣĪƾնƣ˾ſҲ浽ʲôˡ
ҲǺ֣ΪԶǶ²ȳܱȣһۿ㽫΢΢һЦĪѹʦֶһƳ籸СС;ԪӤܿɹ־ᶨﵽ紵ԿȻľ硣
ĪΪ֪һףⷬͷ΢ϲʦܲʻǶνݺţ꣬Ҳϻʦ˵Ҫһܶ϶ʦ֪н
ҡҡͷ֮˵ʮƮ죬һȴǲȫٿһɣ
Īɲ˵ȻͷоЩԾҲ޷ֻܵ˵ͷվһԣ
޶żĪ˲Զ˪ӺѩʦͽҲΧһչһԻ
˪ӿ˿תͷѩѩΪʦΪ㰲Դ֮һУиϣ֪տ¶ķ񣿡
ѩü΢壬Ҳûлػ
˪̾һһ䣺ҲգΪʦҲ㣬ֻ֮»вǡ
գ˪Ҳٶ˵ʲôתͷϡѩһ˿ھʲô޹ָһҲС
ȴ˵ж֮еĶˣһǶ²ƣǶԳȫȻںƺ˲䣬ֻб˴һ
Ŷ²ԽԽǿƣһȻȻ壬ȴɰ޵ǿƣתֶΡһС϶ͬǺڣõϵͳŵʿܽһõֵЧֶΣԴ֮Щ޻ʡܱȡǼȥȫӳ»ҪѶԸ֣һΪǿĺá
һˣһԾΪսߺͺ󱲣Ҳںʲô͵ؽϢһһգȳһݿ϶ȻһЦ˻⳯²Ƽȥʼһս
²Ƽһȶ֣һ־Ҫ룬ΪһҪý޽սơһЦһ䣺Сóѡٲʲôּƣһָʹûⶣ죬һƾᣬͬһգۼ䲼һƬأһ·ýǰ
һѸ٣һƬЦһ³Ϊ赲ĳֱЦһԻ⡯볤ָ̡
˵䣬һһ𣬾Ȼ˿һͷ֮СֻԭһֱֱѸֲĿռ֮תۣӽ²Ƶٶȷǵ˼֡
⽣²һ۱㿴˽֪һҲǵ¼һԹĽһСҳܣϷ˴˽㻹γ
²ƻһһץۼһͳȻбɢǹ⣬ͬǺһ㣬ΧһĽɿתתۣȴǱǺסѳ
²⣬˭֪һǹһ˿Цٽһԭͬ׹ĽƶȻһתӽУ⾡仯˴·һڲϢĽӣһǰۺƣתǺӳȥȻһǺϳһӣͬһ㳯²Ʊӿȥ


һһ ս
޶ԾΨΪСȻı˽ⶼ仯ˣѵѧϹŽޣڼҽһ֮ߣȻϧϷ򣬾Ȼ뷨ޱȱ仯֪ôд
Цһ²𷨾һ㣬ǺӶתɢһ̣Щ仯һɽ赲һǰʵɽӽסγˢǿȻ
ȱ仯һ˫΢Уǹһ˿ЦֽһԾһҪɽģֻǶ²ƽһ̨ɽҲѸٰһߣܷɽ
ʱһϵĽٴα仯ԭһĽѸǽϣϸǽŰģĴ󽣣˫ֳֽ͵ɽ֮ϣǲϰθߵɽ徹Ȼѹסһ˿ѷɽ嶥˷ɿĳ·չᴩһը죬ɽٴα
²Ƽһٴα仯ƣƽһġӲм⣬ȴҲ١仯һһһ䣬仯ڶ²ֶα仯һҲ仯
㣬²Ʋϱ仯һϱ仯ÿһν֣һֽ뷨Ľ棬㹦һʹϰٽ²Ҳʹϰַһ˶չʾֶε̨ùսۻŶȴûзֳʤ
һ˴ν֣²ƿһٴα仯ĽƽɽĽԼ跨ƶƣǵһ˲䣬²ϰַԿƴ˽ɫȴûкÿ
Сôôལѵ޲ǽרһԲӦôΪܹÿһ׽רˣÿһ׽Ӧ߶Ѿʹһֽ֪ٽǼôȥӮҲڳӮҲ޹⡣ҸоСƺʲôʹɱһ˰Ҳҹζࡣ
һ²ͷཫһֶΣ뵽һУ͸֮ɫһɱٵֵֻͬʱ˫ҷֿɿµķ
·֮£һʱ䣬ɽǳ׷ܵǣͬˮһ㣬ӵɲͬȴͬǿϡ
Ƭ̣ģ۳һɫ棬ģһ¶ˮɷˮʵȴ·ҩͰһ㣬һҪըĸоֻǶ²룬ʮָ·õʦžɽȻͬﵽһּΪ΢ƽ⡣
Ŀ²ƲһЦ˫һһ࣬ˮȻݳһžӨ壬⻪¹׹⣬һ˿ϢӶ²ָŨȻϢ㣬˲飬֮УٷųϢӸ
ѭ֮£һϢʱ䣬֮дϢӰ˿ռ䣬ԭȹ̵Ŀռ䶼Щȶ˹䣬ƺʱҪУ֮Դ
ڳΧ۵ʿˣһڣһԪӤڳϾ̾ʲôֶΣȻǿҸо˵ǽУһҪ
⻰Աߴӵĺ̾ϢȻлˮס̫ɽش׷ҲǶ²ƳԪӤʿδȫʩչ׷ʱ򣬽ƾһֶһٺɱͬħŸ֣֮ǿνٱ˵㣬һ˶ܣҲû
ͣʿǳԾѣһԪӤֵǿֶΣû뵽ȻԸͽʿԴСô
ԴСΪЦһн綼ǿΪ𣬴ǴССûб¾ͲҪɵ£Ҳֻǰ˵ţתͷһζԶ
ּ״ͬ⣬ǲҲ֪ԼûзȨֻջ˼ٴο²Ƶֶ
ȴ˵²ƽΪɱﵵġˮס۳ΣȻЩģȴǶʤϲáһһЦ˫һƣ㽫ˮסһ
һһгֵ˲䣬овͷһӶǽû⳯ˮסնȥ˭֪һﲻƵĽ⽣һ˿ǣûȽӽˮסɢϢ֮·׷ױ飬ԪУǿ


һһ ս
һĻһüͷһһΪӶԡˮס˽⣬ֲðգϢųལ⣬ǿѰ
һΪȻڶ²ƿȴԳЦСԴΪܹϷֶΣͲϵ̽ɣ㷢֡ˮס֮ʱ֮ʱţҲǰһ߰Ϣġ
һԹսĪˡˮסΪĳߣǹϵԪӤһˣоЩԾֻǵʲôԾȴ˵ֻתͷˡ
˼˵νˮסȻˮ֮γɵ׷ں֮µʿҲˣһﵽڣܹ÷֮˲֮ͬԵ֮ʱͷųֻͨǿ֮ǷǷ֮ɵֵֶΡ
⻰ĪʱȻв̽һüͷ΢壬ҪѣǷˣ˼רĿ
ȴ˵һ෬ԣͨݣܿͲˡˮסڡһ뵽֮ͷȴһͷǵ̵ͬӵС֮ĽԵУһˮס˹ȥ
ɻҪʲôʱȴһֳǽȲֻ⣬Ҳˮסնȥǽǹʱáıһ෬죬ԼޣȻƷոտƷĳ̶ֳȴ˳Ϊ鱦Ǳʡ
һնȻѰⲻͬǵûб飬ˮסù⻬һƺʱҪɢӡ
ԹԭΪһɾ̾ȻܹԸֵľСʱһĶ²ǹһ˿Цſֻ³֡
ȻڡˮסۼҪʱͻ𡣡ˮסǾӨƺ̼ܵ͵ָ˹󣬸ǷŴǽǵѹƲסȹ̵ĿռҲԳһѺ
һδɹҵĽɷ֮ǽ֮Уˮסѹȶȥֻ˴̼ġˮסѹƣɽɷ֮øӿ񱩡
ڽ˰ʱǽĿռڿʼƻ롮ˮס֮Ѹǿڽһʱ򣬱ǽҲЩܲסһּĸоһͷڽʱһԭڲǽĽƣԼȺֳ
ڣڵʱһ΢ɲĴ죬֮ϾȻһСƬһʱ䣬ԭǿֱǽ顣һ޶ǽǽȻ㻯Ƭƣɢ춼ǡ
֪ڽ޶ԣǡڣһһС彣ƻ˶Ϊֻһ뷨Ǿڼһʮ˽ĪҲЩ²͸ˡųϣֶһͷֹ⵽ô£ѵʦ̶ʱ֮ˡͨ˽޵ݣˣ⽫彣ҲΪ
ʱһһ˿âദôãϲãȴӡΪģֻΪ½ʱεߡʱ顣Ī˽⣬ÿһ¶ʱ򣬾ҪԿˡ뵽ͷǾ£¶һȻˡı飬Ŀ
ȴ˵²Ƽǽ飬ͷʮֽϢָͣЦСȻ뱾ԣˣҵҪ㻹ʲôֶΡ㻹ֶΣҲµˣ
ʱ˶ΪһҪɥʱֻֻǲǽ֮ʲôۼšˮסӽȴȴ⣬ֻʮ߲ռҲܵӰ죬ʱҪʱ¶Цݡ
ҵˣ
һ̧һץһöһָ糤˸췱ǵİ͸ץ˳ˡ
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˶һһΪʮֲ⣬ܿ˷ӦЩͬΪɽһλΪס
ͷɿˣǡ֣
ˣԿˣǡӺôľģϸƣñͼıľȻʧġ֮


һһ Ա֮ʩ
λȻ򵥵仰ȴ˵һĿġһЩп³çΪȴдͼıĿıǽˮסƻǽͼıУһֱòɵõġ֮
ǽԴ֮֮ǰ뷨Դ֮һУʶ籾ԴĺΪ󷨴ʦˮ׼ڻȡ֮߳ɰգľҸʱǽӶһٵõ֮
˭֪㲻㣬һսʱ̺֮ġˮסһʱ䣬ʡķһʹ󵨳֮糥Ը
оӨ͸ġһЦ²ƹʾ⣬һл
²Ȼ̫ɽһҲ֪ǽΪԼһı˭֪õһ뵽Լã²һæ׼ʹˮסûһһ˭֪ʱһڶͻأ֣˲˴ϽƬʧһʮ֮⡣
һ֮ʱһֳ֮֡һץǶϽƬһԪע롮֮УԭɢƬƣͬܵʲôǣһ㣬׷׳֮ȥǵΪģɿ
һö֮ǽ²ȻϴӦæԦˮסȥÿÿˮס˽һڶԾԶȥˡһ׷һӣǽ²û׷һڵʮνڶԾ֮һǽ³ϡ
оɵǽϴݹѪ⽻ڵĸоһ֪ǵ֮ҲܴжȡҲǵһĸо뽣֮ϵ·ûаĤƺ˾ǽˡʱǽƺҲоͷãҲĳ
Ƭ̣Ӧǽŷɿġˮסӱܣǰǰһ㣬һȥһΡˮסڶ²ƵĴ߶֮±ǰǿǽƺ̥ǣɢŨס岻ռҲУáˮסǿ
ڶ²ŵĿ֮Уһȫһǽջ£ǳִСġˮסڽ󣬾Ȼʧ
Χ˶Ϊ²Ϊ²Ͼ㵱ʱ׹Ȼһֽš
²æɢʶȴҲӦˮסĴڣɫ㵽ʲô
һһն֮ƺʲôûḧɵǽ˵Ա֮ʩˣ
ʱһ⻮ʣһڶӶ²ͷͬʱʧٵġˮסֱֱ²ȥ
²Ϊˮסʧٸо죬ʱͻأǰһʱ飬ȵʱΪˣɫˢİ֡¿ƣո̽ʶ㷨һϣڶʱ֮¿ƹ
֮£²ֻܱܹ׼ٴջؿȨʱ򣬡ˮסٴʧֱƬ֮ٴδ֣͵Ϯȥ
²β֪һֻ֡ÿÿҪɱһʱǡˮסͳ赲ǰƵòˡ
Լľ͵Ϯ²Ȼһһȥֻһ뵽Ŀ֮£ԼȻһСŪתҪԼ׷ɱʱͷķŭͱ㼱ٴ
ڡˮסʮγֵʱҲܲջؿȨĴ㣬ʼʱ϶ʼڶöˮס
һ״׶²Ƶ˼ͨѾˮסһ͸ͷһոձ²ƶȥġˮסҲջأһײȻŤתٴγײ˹ȥ
һһУһӾʹ˶²õʱ϶šˮסֱֱʱдֲ֮Уͷһתַֻ֪ܷעԪעµġˮס֮Уﵽܹǰһöܹͬھ
šˮסԽԽ²ƲòͶһöˮסһæ˱ܿȥ
ֻһȻ죬ö̺֮ġˮסײȻըһɹ˾ķΪĶ²ȻʱҲͷɢңԭƮݵɢҲؤͷһ㡣
ʱ²Ҳ˲ΪʹξУΪҲЩܲˣץһѻҩȥŸ֡һԵãһָһŭС㵽״ѧаֶΣȻˣŪ
һսȻЦϼһαضѴ࣬Ծ磬ɴǣҲöƤ֮࣡


һһ 
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һǷ⣬һЦݽ²ƶһĽսʮΣգһҲֻһе̶ó
ⷭɣӰԽ磬һֽʹߣϬޱȵĽ⽫²ѹסȻӲӲҲռϷ磬ڳڶལ־̾ѣν硣
Թߵľ̾ͬ²Ʒɣѹƣָǣ֮ǰѡս˱ŭΪǰʧΪһıƣԼܱԭҪڽսƾۺѹһ
һսеĸоСΪֻıƵĺ󱲣ǿһԼ֮¡
Ծĸ಻ԪͬһԪӤ۷ҲߣһȴɻȻԼɲ١뵽õһԴ֮չ¶ֶεϢŻȻԭǵûпţСһ
СʲôȻǿɽЩϼһҲУٽսҶȻԿ
ͷһ²һߵֵһĳһ׼ᣬֻһܲ͸磬ûп϶֮£²ƾȻӲŽҪͻƳȥ
һǽȱĶĥʯƣο׷ŹһЦһչͶ²ΪģԲ֮࣬ÿһռ䶼ɭȻ⣬˶²ȥ֮·
һս²ѾС֮ģľͬʱ¶һҪ롣һӲſСΪֶξҪ֪ʲôзͨ졣
˵䣬²˫ſգˣÿ϶֮䣬ĵԪȻϧԪһ۳öˮס
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ڡˮסĻ֮£²ƾҪö֮߳ΧԶԶŴһԼлռȻͷһ棬ЦС֪Ϸ
ֻûڣһ˿׳ͷ̧ͷȥֻƣףڣɫϢĳͷͷնɱǶ²ȴСˮס˿壬ҲһͷһһöˮססΣöֱϡ
ʱĵֺϣסˮסķ֮ǳöȭͷСġˮסƾʧ
ǰһͬһζ²ƿ̣ԭڶӵ˲䣬ĵĽϣͬƿռһնһɫѷ콫ˮסС
⡭Ƿ󷨿ռ䣡󷨴ʦ²ƱΪһܹռ֮һ˭֪һۿȥǺڶ֮оȻ󷨵ĸо뵽Դ֮أһʩչϢ㵵뵽һһ
һ󺰴ΧȻԣ󷨴ʦȴʵˣʱ˷׷顣һҲڣ΢΢һЦû뵽ϼһոս󷨴ʦ
һϣ²ûаȻѿ˼֡Ϊ֪ʿ֮У˵սǿǽޣ˵仯ޣҪ˵ܵȴҪʦ
Ϊгɵʦսƽƽһʩչһ˵ֵܹһ顣ɱǹ¼ҹˣһ֮ʲôɽ󣬻Ժ󷨣ס˼󣬾㲻ƿҲ㼦Ȯ
һ潣޺ʦҽᣬ󷨳ɿռ䣬ÿһԶͬ٭ˮ׼ټǺԨԪ뵽˴²ͷûһһ֮⣬ǺڵһǺڵΪʲôûгСʱֱɱˡ
ֻʱνϣѾӭĵ⣬²ͷһᣬæһˮסȥۼҪ󷨿ռɵ˲䣬Ȼһɹɷ֮ɢĵ⣬ƺҪһ棬ɢ
һڳΪ󷨴ʦ֮ǰ½ֱӱ֮ñɢγɿռ֮ҲʼϷĵ·ȴ򵥡
ͬǷֶΣȻ²Ƶƽⷨ䣬Ŀռ䷨ȴΪʦԼռ֮ķȴǿһӲӲ֮ɷ֮ͬʱɢ
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һһ ͼذȫ
ɫĽ⣬²ƶʱףΪһܹ֪ĳԼԼΪܹʹ󷨿ռɣλʹˮסԼԵˡ
һ˫۾ֱָһСúݶĳȻһʼϷ򣡡
ԭһһʼʹַĶĶ仯ǺǽĿģһǾĶ²ƵԪһ۷á
˵ӵ󷨴ʦΪܹת˲֮佫һжԸûʿ޻ʣʵʿҲͰˣԶ²þսĸ֣ȴпܱƶߣй¶ɱﵣڽֵ˲ѳȥ
ԣΪ˽²װ뽣֮УڽͬʱҲ֮Ϊ۷˽ȴɫġνڲ֪½
µ񣬽ѾȫȻϷƣȴҲͼذ֮ʱһÿɷĵ˵ͷһָĿռѷ죬ٲȻһ͵˼
оѷ֮ɭȻӿϢ²ƻëէ𡣶롯ͷһģѰ󷨣ӲͷƤҲһԣȴǽϬ󷨿ռɽ˭֪ж壬ǾþսҲ볢ԡ
ͷһת²ƲһԣΪ˱סʣӣõһ䡰СҪƭϵ⡣һݹߡ
ֻһ̲ŷֶô׾ѡûɳɣһν˷ɱһռѷܲ⣬һСľпײС
ڶ²СĶܿռѷ죬˼ԲߵͬʱһҲãһû󷨿ռ֮Уһ̱ͻأĳڶ²ǰֳǽ㳯ȥ
£²ƲòڶܿռѷͬʱҪֵʱܴӿռѷ֮дĹһʱŪЩæ
һսĶ²ƣһռϷ磬νǵùս˾Ȳѡһ¶ʵֶΣܱ¶Уǵ֮Ĺ
ĪվԱûа㵣ģڨȻһЦû뵽û뵽ʦصҲûͨ󷨣󷨴ʦΪҵȰרһҪӣһЦԪӤһʵˡ
ԣûбʾʲôֻһ˫۾ֱֱĶųУβ̾ش٣է𣬴²˽⡣˵꣬ȴͣתͻɽȥˡ
ĪȻ⣬һʩչЩֶΣ²Ƶİֻʱ⣬Ҳൣģۿ
ȴ˵һߣ˪ӼҲͷԾתͷ˿ѩѵõ˸һ˿ҡͷ̾Ϣһӹǳ֮ˣƣж︣Ϊ֮ǣ˵գҲͣתƮȻȥ
ѩ⻰ѣϾȻһ˿ΣܿûȥĿ˪ȥ֮Ҳ¿Убƺȥˮһ㡣
ħڵķ򣬺ƷԭһҪһսܶ˲ͷ֮ޡȶˣһսַռϷ磬뵽һʵ˼ͷһ˿ĸо
˳빫ӡĵİտνʮ˵ã鰮ۣͷһָ֪оʲôȻƽŪ֮е鰮ʶ˲䣬ͷȻһ˿־
ܣҺƷתΣٱ鰮ţһҪնɱֻֻܽ鰮Ūڹ֮С
һˣƷƿһûƽȻ󣬶ǻɭ⣬ԭΪĶʹʮħŵӶʱо׸ߣָǹ˱ܲѡ
֮⣬ӢĽӡ罣޵˾ͽ˺Ϲݶ˽гƺԼ̲סҪɱȥһһϸ£һгԹɫѿͬףͷ䷢ģ²ܹһնɱͷ֮ޡ
һʱ䣬ȣĽʣԹޣΧ֮УֻǳеһͶ²ƲЩ
ʱţԭ²ųΡˮסľͲСټһûĹֻм֮ûл֮νرʧ֮£Ȼһ
ʱһ̤Σ²ƻæãܿԭȵķ֮ƶֲסһһռѷķ򣬹⻪˱뽣ռȥˡ


һһ ȫ
ռ֮Уһֳǽﵽһ˽һ壬ɷָ⾳һɹͬʵʵĽǽϲһͷ֮о仯·һ̣һƬصˡ
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ν֮֮뽣֮У²Ʊ֪һ̱Ҫһ䣬ĴۿԼԳܵģ뵽ˣƾ֮еĹϵ͵λҲԿУʮϰĿ๤ˣӲĴ۾С˲١
뵽²һҲǷɢȥһЦСû뵽صôһǳĿӮˣһΣϷ׼Բ˶ߣ
һΣһǹһ˿ЦݣҡͷøһΣ϶Ϊһһλô֪Щ̸֮ڣӴǽŹʹǶ˽ǡοһڣɱﵶ¶ǲѪֺͷ֮أ
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Ź棬кͬţһȻһЦȵʱ㵹ǳŹػߣΪŰͥݺҵʱŹ棬кͬŵ飡
²ȻƤٺҲڴ˵ϻƬֻñһ仰ˣΣ
һһЦΣɱĸ֮𲻹죬˵Σ
²ɫһɱң֪³ʲôλ֮бһܶңɱңͬʦ棬ţôţôܳҲûܹס㣡
һ˫΢У˵ͷ³ϵλ磬Ҳãú𾴡֮нΪֱӱɷˣ֪㻹ܱܲס³֮λ
²õһ仰Ϊһ֪һ䣬ɫ䣬ŭʲô㣬Ȼң
Ҳɱ㣬˱ǣصʱҲòҳ֣ȻԸĶ³ϡ
²һľģ֪޻ػأæԪ²÷ͬʱɫҵĽеãܺãѹСܹȾ磬ȻĺΪϷ־ܣʹشˣҾ͸ƴһơ
˵²ƴӻͳһһöӣ̧һһȻڰһ˹һԷԾӵĶ²ƴսһʹù෨˵һƤҪһˡ
һڰ׶ɹЦֱָƾ⣬Ҳֱ˹ȥŽļӳ֣ռϷ罫ڰ׶εס
²Ƽ״һһ󣬺ڰ׶Ȼڳһʮĳ͵һԾͽɢ콣ֳһ˹
ⳤ˽һȻһЦżһ㣬伱ˣͬʱӽնÿһնһᣬնʮΣʮ׳ҡžͲȥǺڰ׳ͱˡ
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Ƿ֮ǰ֮ʹȫ¹˭ֻǲ֪ˣ
һһЦأдһǽУ˲Ϣ䣬ǽһΪģǺĽ
Ľһ֮ԭһ©ҲȫϡһһָĽಡķ˳Ƿڶལһһʱ䣬۷ǽܵ󷨿ռ֮ǣһգۣǰΪңԶȻʧ
һĻ²ƲȻΪԼųķ֮ӦʮƮ죬̸ʹͿơԭѿɫ࣬Ϊһ̣׽ռ˽⵽Լʲôơ
Ƭ֮󣬺Ľɷɻأһͷתֻ˵䣬˼ƺһֻɨȥҳһ򵥣΢΢һЦʱѾˣ֪³ϻʲôֶΣ뾡ʹ򣬿Ҳûлˣ


һһ ս
ȴ˵һ²ƶ˽뽣ռ䲻ãݹ·Ⱥɽ֮ͣɢȥݹ⣬¶
Ƕһ˵ǽһ֮ǰ׼Σ֮ʱһĽ³ˡһ·ģǵ̫һǰµݼ³ϡ
ҵʱ˭ԭԽϼһû뵽ս½ʱ̫ɽȻų͵ûȥɱ̵ˣǾͷҪǸİɣ
˱ǽ޳Ƣ𱬣Ǽѹͬţ˵һ֮º󣬱̫ɽͲðǷУһͷ
ݼ³Ϊԭƽڼ߳һһһϣǿԼʧԪӤ֣һ㲻˼ˣȻ治˵ͷǵ㲻оԼһί
ΪͥȻҲΪɱӳ˵һֻзŭŹѹţ˵õҪɱ̸֣ʲôǸ
һ֣һڿ̣ͷǿסŭ⣬һӣ㾹Ȼڳԣڮ̫ɽһڮݼң
ԹһЦڮ٣γҪڮ٣ݼ֮ΥŹ棬°ټҪЮͽõǣҪЮɷɱֱǳ裬ڮ٣
㣡
ŭһȻҪ֣˼״¶һ˿ϲɫƺʮڴһսӡһʱһԵĽ³Խæץס
ܣ˵زڵؽ磬Ҫʦֶ֡
˵ţԽȻԭŭֹסһĽӡͷҲؾͳɽȥԽ״һ˿Ц˹˹֣Ҳȥ
öȥһɨģ˰֣Ҳݽɽȥ
Ⱥɽòע⣬ܿǾҵڡһ򵥵ļ֮Գϵ³æսһ֮󣬸ĿĶҲһ
СӣȻһ˲ýֶΣƺŶˣɽɵľһ򷨡ǽı棬֮ҲֻһùУѵǵλĴڣѹ֣ѹ֣
˿ſյĳУо͸Ľ⣬ʮ͵ĵ˵ͷʱƲƲһݼҶˣеνԱ
ԭͷ߷ߵһʲôʲôɽɣ·Ͳиǹ죬ҿͲˣ˵ħżϸֱӾ̵ˡĿ𳤣Źҿ͵ץţϼӿʣٲܺΪ
⻰һԭͲгոǱɽһˣɫʮֲÿ˸ǺȻЦһ˿Ⲫ˼Բ
Գϵĳ϶æ˺ϵĻƣæȰ˵һ˵Žۡǵҹ֮仯
ֻһͶ²ƶ˽뽣ƽĳУͻȻһɽɢ̺ɭȻ⣬ΪԵ͵ֻǸܵâڱĸо
֪սҪˡȻεʱһڶƾճ֣һ˴˳һһ˿ƣ֮ɫ˷Щ𣬾Ȼû˿ƣһս֮Ȼ˳Ծ
˳Ծǣг˳֮⣬һˣϸȥ˲Ƕ²˭ˡֻս֮ʱ緢һ㱻ų˸Ǻ֡
һĻΪʿһ飬ǾһԪӤսĴսʤ߾ԪӤڵһһʱ֮䣬ûлûۣһļž
һĶ²ƣһͷЦʱ䣬ý֮ڶ²ʩչֶܹľ͵ʵڱȽѲľֱ͵Ľ䡣
㹻ľ룬ܹ˿ת֮²ȴԿֶΣڼϽļӳ֣˳֮£һһԸ²ݣֵ
Զ²Ƶľ飬ʶȲֲ׾¾Ʋ֮£ֻܲʩչֶΣųǿά֣زסһԪľ
ֻһĽԪӤ֮˵ʮķҲһɡʦֵõ㹻ϣһʱԪĿȱӯʤʮ
ԣһս²ƽеҩ꣬зųҲһۿȴԼ


һһ ȥΪ
һս²ߣһֻ΢΢ģ¼öҩָ˼֡
ûл֮Ķ²ƣһ˿һצץڶ²ͷ֮һŻ֮ħʩչ
⡮֮˵롮ԪЩƣҲǽʿΪȵȸȡֻ֮ħȫһᡯϡΪǶԷȡΪУħ֮ҲаŵĴڡ
Ȼ⡮֮ȡԪȴǲ˲٣ǶȡΪнɵ⣬ýܵ߻ħħ˾֪Ҳ಻ʹá
һĿΪ˴²ƵΪ˷õ뷨ʹ
һ֮£²ǿ̧ͷԹܿ죬СȥеԹҲԿ־档
ΪģֻΪڡ֮£ĸоԼо羹Ȼڷٵĵˣ֮һӤѸ˻ͬʱƺھµϴÿһ˲Ϣ·һ꣬ڷٵ˥˻С
֮ǳʱ²ƼֱĿ־ѹ˶һĳ޺ͷŭ
˥ˣ²Ʒãæһ־ʯοǰĸɢ龰ĿοϴӦֻһζĽ֮ʩչ
ʱо²Ʊ£֡һĶ²˳ǰ׵һĻ
ǰ̱Ķ²ƣһָĿһͷҲɱ˶²ƣǵ˵棬ʵ³ϣˣɿһ
²ƴʱѾ˵ûˣƺˣֻʣһƬ硣
һ״һЦ³ĬˣҲãҾһ£һ̰ɣ
˵䣬һַųɾҪˣ²ƾʹȥʱݹ⼤ȥ·סЩڴ˵λ³ϣԼſ˾ͽ˶ˡ
Ȼһϵãһ±֪ݣͷһת֮ˡҲʧһ񣬵Ȼ֪λΪȥ·
һѯʣͻԳæ֮ǰڣһһֳʵٲǰĿǺȻͷŤȴҲͬͬһЦϲϻʤֻǲ֪Ҫȥ
һԣ΢΢һЦлλϣĳǽʤˣ񲻹ǰԼ³ϻ𷣣Ȼλǰһͬȥ֪λΣ
һɹģԳͷŤҲѼ䣬Ƿܹ²Ƹȴһȴϡ
ˣ㲻СС³ϣȻ˶Դ³ϣ˵ʲôҿŶԣٽ³Ϸݹֱϳ飡
˵֮˻һԳͷ⡣һȥȻ֪ݼˣȴҲ֪̫ɽһ
һ㾴һߣҾһɵΪˣһھǳ⣬ͷˬĮĿһ۵֪λγƺ³һսԼҲû˵˸ûʸ񿪿ڰɣ
һٱһһ˵ͷǲ죬ȵ̫ɽСС³ϣս³ϱͲãüư㣬кʤԣȰٷ¶³ϣ־ܡ
ֽУһʱݼ֮ˡν˼ۺ죬ԭԸ˶²ƶʱƽŭٴȼ𵱳ԼҪݼұԣһ˿ɱ֡
һ˿ɱ⣬뵽ԼӾһ£ͷŭѣȵôѵ㻹϶֣
˿Χ³Ͼſ˾ͽ˶ˣһ֪ⲻǱĺʱǿѹɱ⣬һӵĿһۣĳݳϣȻôҪұǡ
˵䣬²ͬһ˳ȥͬʱһһ䡮ĳһ𽣹ߡ
ʮ뵱һնɱֲò¶²ơ²ץУҪȹԪѵʱ̾ͷֶ²˥ϵüԼտյĵʱһ㶡
һԵԽ״Ϊ²أҲæҪһ̽ʶɫ͵һ䣬Ȼˡ
Ҳ׷ǰƬ̣һڽ³϶ȷһʵǾǶ²ƾȻһȥΪֻǷһ


һ ·ٵ
ǰûƽƽĸתۼΪһһڽ³ͬʱһҲļɵʱһԡҡǫ̫ࡣ
Գڳмˣƫеλãһ²ƵıΪ֤䵽ҲľΣòʵλϣǿδã
Ϊɽάһˣ֪ҪΪ˵㵱ȵνۣȶ֮ȻзգϳһЩҲûʲô²ƶĶʧܣȻԸķ䣬͵ųΡ
⻰ڳ϶Ĭˣ˵ˣʱɽ̫ɽ֮䣬ǽ³Ҳ˵ʱӦþݼҲĬֻǵɫȴҲʮѿ
ΪݼңӵܣΪ̫ɽһһ³ϱŪɲзϡ˵ˣǳ˷Ҳһ뵽ȥڼ壬̫ɽһ˲пҪЦ
ֶƤһ뵽ԼĻȥҪܵЦԽϾʹ˻ȥ˽һɫȻ䣬ڴ⣬ҲۣȻͻأļݹͳһ׷ȥˡ
һĻڳȻ֪ҪʲôȻǶһ˴һҲ׷ȥϼ״֪㲻֣ʱҲ⣬Ҳ׷ݹ׷ȥ
Ƭ̣һߣڳϸȥԭսҲ״û˽⣬ںĵʹ֮Ҳ׷ȥһʱ䣬ӿݹߣҺʱգҹҪ˵ꡣ
ȴ˵һΪ˱Լݼҵ˿ʱ¶²ȥһ·ûȫٱۣһ߷һ߻ָԪ㹦е׷ʶһ֪˭
ݼңҲ뻵˼ƻǶһû뵽Ȼ׷ѵ浱Ҳɱ˲ɡ
һһЦͣ½ƾնˣȻԽȺһȻԼҲһƵһǰ棬һǰһ롣
һ״ɱָ֣Ȼλϣ֪Ǻ⣿
صĺһһʲô˼ҵҪ㡣ΥŹкͬŲ˵ǹ컯֮£սϣ֮ͬ꣬³Ūɲзϡоɵּ룬ħ죬ҵǰ׽ȥʱ־ܣ
ſڱһһֿһ˿ЦݳϣҶˣν˲˵㲻Ҫץȥݼң˵̫ɽһˣ㿴˵Ҳǡ
˵˼ȴҲ죬ֻɫԽԽһΣΣⲻ֪СڱѾĸ֣û뵽㲻֪жɱͬŵͥȻǸӣϣ׵ȻҪΪ𡣶㲻ˣȻüƻ˶²ƷԲ˽ǹߣҶǲ죬ҾҪ׽ȥϼӳʹ˶֪ݼҲ˭ǵã
һһ㶣Ҳû뵽ͥĸףĸ赭дһ˵ͷŭҲ̲סɫһһɹɽɢɱ뽣ӣһɾϵĳѹȥ
״˵ǡСоɱͺͽʱ⻰С֮Ķջͷԭˣѹֶ²ǷҪϣ²ƿɲֻͬȳ̶ȣһ˾ܽ׽ˡ
һˣ֪׷Ҳҹζ࣬һȻݵȶּ֡죬쵶⽣Ӱһɱ
һ״֪Լ󷨿ռͱ¶Ҳڲأŭһ佫չһۿȥ;һ磬е⽣Ӱոսӽɱ㱻ɢʧ
СӣеֶΣϷҪ֪ʲô죬ˣ
˵ϻб¾ʹûб£Ҿ²ǷһͲҪˣ
ÿСӣУ
һȡһһףÿһ˿һʮɰһΪ˼ڻʤڰڳ˷֮ΧȻҲסĳ˵һ֮ڣƾҪв
ƾһУһ㿴Ȼȶ²ƸһֻҲ壬һЦǽгĽע뽣֮У˲䣬ҲȻӣСֻϱ仯ڰɵķΧҲô


һһ ħ
Ϊޣֶζ࣬һвɣСֻһڽ룬ͷһ̩֮ܵɽ֮ʲôֶζһ֮ڡ
²ƲҰܵ¼֮Ȼⲻ²ǰãڽռҲʮּɵ˵ʲôҲһһս˰ʱ䣬ǵûһϷ綼ûáҪΪֵϣͬԽʱһƿ֮ͬʱһϤĽ
ϲĶȻɵóԴС֮ΣֱڵӶˣбµĸһս
˷Խ뵽˽֣½ٲ׽һʱɫѿ
ڴʱһԵԽæȵܣסǣٽ׽ã򲻵ѣԽǼʹó
ԣ¶Ϊ֮ɫԽѾȥˣ֪˲òΪԵ˵ͷ¶֮תһдһ˿;
СҪΪܹ㣬˭ҲȲ㡣Ȱ־ܣҿԿǴᷢ䣬˵ûؼյʱ򡣷ҵ׽ãħߵʮ˲㣬Զϣ
ңһ·ʲôЦһЦһȻֻж̶̼ʮ꣬Ҵ˾ħߵʮ˲㣬ҵҪȥһԡȴ촽һҾͻȥǵÿûбˡ
ԣȻûһص˼ȴҲ֪ԹͶصĺһִ̧ӻͳһⶫһöȭͷСİ͸ӣɫ֮һƣ·һ
һһۿⶫһ㶣ϳⶫʹõķħӡħ裬ֻо˼Ծüͷ΢壬ɻħӡӦֻǷħҲӦ壬ôʵʵĸоȻм񷨱
һЦмħ裬ֻǲѰħ裬ݼҵΪ֮һĴڡһöħ費ܹӡ壬ܹӡʵ壬ǺֱУҲܳ
һͷ΢΢ԾЩҲݼҵĵϸȻ֪࣬Ҳ֪ݼһ档Ϊἰ桯֣˵ǶȻǷˡһ뵽ͨ򣬳뻯ֶΣҲЩɵ
һĳɣͷԵ⣬һЦٴμȰ˵һȻʵվ̫ǳҪݼҹ̫룬ٸһλᣬ־ܣҾҪô˱ˡ
һűĳԾмҡҡͷ˿һҪлݳ֮ˣĳǲϲ˶ݣȻݳҪ֣ǾͶְɣüʶʶֵֶǲҪ
ԣͬһ㣬һҪԴϧĿ˿ħ裬עԪͬʱдħϿʼɢǿƣ·ٲһô򵥣һֳһǰ
ֳּħ裬ŭһ⣡̧һ׾ͽ֮һͷ
ܵħ֮еǿƣ·ֵһ㡣ȻǵһԷ֣һˮĸõĴΪƾֻԼһˣһ㲻С˼עԪͽɷ֮ȫת
һ˲䣬ϰٲռ֮صĳħ֮䣬ȷȣһȫҲܹǵתħҲһӴٱǿٱĿռ֮һ֮£һռųĿռ֮·ֽƬһ㣬޷һƣһգۼ䣬һ룬ʣµһҲ᧿Σ
һĺҲԴУ˿ռֽ֮ʩչֽսԣɽӣɽǧֱ仯ħɱȥֱħӽɵʱһռ֮ĥȥ
˵ˣһǵûиеɣɫΪȥռ֮ħ边ȻѸǴҲ֮ǣһϤȴİϢ֪ħſʼ
ȻӴСħ迪ʼ⿪һµĽƴŷӡͬһӡ֮£Ҳóٻһδ߶ãֻڲϵļ
һ״֪ԼĽ˿ǣִڽ󣬿˴ҪӡǸʱ֮еԪǽղǲȫ޻֮ˡ


һ 񣬷ӡ
뵽˴һͷһᣬ̧һץӴĽͬɽ⣬ɢһһööѿħӡķӡϤɻأһֱԼջڣһǽС
һջؽΪݺһЦС֪ˣǴʱŲ˷ħ衣֪ݼʲô˰ɣֻҲˣֻҽץȥһ֪ʲôܣ
һһٲֳǽһĶǰħӡϡܹоķħӡһȻһ̶зɣ侫̶ȣȴܹ֮ⷨ⣬Ҳԭʹýռħӡǰһ
һ֮һܽħӡҽᱻӡ
һ˲佫ƷֻǣʱһųܹƿħӡĻҲֻһɲҸҵǣһʧֻ֮ηӡް㷴֮
֮⣬һ취Ǿһ֮ƷӿҲһȱ㣬ǾǼܹ׵һΣ˭֪һԽвһöħ衣
ǷһһһԶݣѰһʱ֮䣬һһѵѡ֮С
ۼħӡѹһֽȴκζǲǴӶֻʣƬʱʱ͵̧ͷһ˿ͬʱɽһ
״ȴûа㵣ģüͷһЦС㻹뷴ֻħݼֵܹģ֣Ҳֻа׷Ҳãܹھ֮г𷣣Ÿͷ֮ޣ
һͬ˵һ⣬ϧǣ־ʯһͲšƵǽҲ·𱻻ԣһԽԽ߰ƺӦ͡
ڷħӡһǰʮɵʱ˲䣬ۻƸȻθߣﵽúڸֶЩľĵزǡǡʱ˵þ롣
˲䣬Ҳһ˿ɣһʱ֣᲻пĴħ衣ֻʱȥħѾȥһɳֽϵҲûɢȥ
ֹľ죬·ʲôԾֱħӡĵһƴһֱۣһΪ֪ˣһûл֮ˡ
ȻŷħӡĽƲһϵƷ·رյբţ˲ʧܿ죬˴Ͻƣı
״һЦæѶȥ˵ԽƬ֮󣬱ڽ³ϣԼɿֵ˷ǿֻһħӡϣһöȭͷƮе龰
˹ս⼸գһۣû뵽ǣȻôһһʱ䣬һ֪ϧǻǱ˼֮д
վǿ֣Ƿ˻ߣ²ؼ߸߹ɢҲʼ׷ɢȥ
Ȼ֮лЩ˲ϾʹȥĪӢĽӵΪɣû뿪
Īǵץסһ˾ݼңҲ֪һݼҵĹڣĽ˵ҲһŻȥһûк³뵽ЩһཻĪ棬ȴϾʹúѳԿͷһҪǰ
ֻʱһŨİ׹Х˼׹ⶼһ׹ɢȥһ׷ֳֳˣڼ³ϼˣ޲һĪ˸ߺһʦ𡱡ԭǴһԪˡ
һ֣˼򵥼֮󣬳Ī˵ͽһɽҪ齻㴦
Īһ㶣ΪʱǰֹԼһЩԣѯ˭֪΢΢һЦ˵ͽһӣĪͳɽȥƬ̾ʧӰ١
һĻȻħŵӱ˳һڳֻʣںˣҲȺȥ
Ӱϡ裬Ҳк˼軨ѩһͬȥ軨һϵǳȻкøУȴǸȤˣѩһӡħ裬кһţ˵ͷͬȥ
̶ʮʱ䣬ڳֻʣˣħ裬˶Ĭ֮СҪջħʱ˴˳Ĭ


һ ɱ
һԼæӮһսòԼ֣˭֪һתۼԼ˾ȻӡҿǼƺʲô£һʱ䣬̲ס
ϼһﵽҪȻҽɽϷӡѵҪ˲ɣ
ԺȻЦ϶㲻ҪΣҲץһΥŹ棬кͬŵ˰ˣλˣѵɽһȻҪӻô
һҪһ²ƶǹƽǳһ㣬̸ϲкͬţҪкͬţҽ͸СӶһǲҲҰץã
˵䣬ſڱһ׹ӲӵıֱֳҪɱȥ
һһæԽվһƺ˶֣Ƕ˾ֵӡ
˼״һЦ㲻֣ὣǰÿǰһϽǿһݣ֮󣬽һɰϢ
ͬһȴдͬһĽһУһУνԽȡڼ֮ȴҲ任޷˵Ľֽ׼ĽޣߵרΨһ·ߣԽⴿϬ
ԣ׳ϻû֣Ľ͸ݼҶʮѹƺһûб仯ԣҪֵֻӲ
ۼһսҪһԳϵסˣæ˺ϵĽɫ
λϸסһߣԳϵм䣬æȴٽʱҪľЭλҪŭһ˺λҲġ
á١֣ɫ˱䣬Ҳջؽ⣬һҪҲУǽһгʱѾзԸҪұסݼиʧҲ𡣡
Գһ˵æ˵ͷתݼҶϣ˼Ȼò
ݼҶϼ״Ҳɣ̫ɽҲҪҶ˴£һȣӴں׽ù鰸Ƿ֮⣬ʲô˵ǡ
һλԳ֪Ѱˣɫһ࣬һֱվԱߵſһƣæЦû뵽λˣΪѰˡףãų˵״ӣÿԴ˵˵
Գһ仰Ƥ˳ȥǻˣ˺ݼҶϿ»һˣſݲͬڶȻ˵зҲĬ˴¡
ſĬϽȨԼҲһз緶룬˿ϣڵȻλ۲Ҳ˵˵ԼݴҲο
ȴ˵±ǴӶ³Ͻͥ򸾷˴ʼͥʦܼҪЮǲãʦҲնɱҲһ˽ᡣ
˵ſһ٣ĵ˵ͷݼҶɫЩѿȻǾ÷˲⡣
ſּ˺ʦ³һս˽Թ𣬵ҲǹĿ֮½Уͽԣʦܻʤɺǣ³ȴˣȷʵЩ
ݼҶɫԺÿæֱֹǲкͬţҲὫץ
ԣһϻ˵˵ꡣ
ſƺûۣٴμˣʦܣͬ⽫б𣬵ħӡʧ׵ݳϽʦܷųĳӣ֪λΣ
һ·תſڽ뷨˵ǡĸΪзҪ֪ǽǻ˵ϻϷˣԺӾЩùˡ
ʱһֱԱ߲û˵˾ͽҲվ˳˵ʦһ뷨ݳϽʦܷųͬ
⻰ͷһ£˾ͽȻԲһ֣Ҳ˵ϻһʱ䣬עĴ￪á죬²òӦ
ֻһץһ˺ô˵ķһöħ裬㱻ȷͷʮֲʣͬʱһ˿ķ񣬾ʱһݶ뷨ͷ
˿ħ裬ɴһݣȰʱ·ϽСɱˣǻصҲ˵̫أû˻ΪôһСӶҲ
뵽ΪѵųǣҽһӡֶβѰݼıǵҴ򲻿ܴ򿪣ϲÿɣ


һ Ʒ
ҪƤĽݼֹſ˾ͽ˺ˣɫЩÿ
ֻǲŲһ˵ǣ֮еĵλҲҪòǸܱȡһ뵽ҪðŭΣһųһʱ䶼
ԼƹȻɹͷЦѣȴҪһģЭȻųϺ˾ͽ϶飬Ҳǲ֮ͨˣҷţ濪ħ裬һųΣ
ŵȻûдﵽԼĿģҲ޷ֻܱʾͬʱħ衣ͳһ֮Ҳٻɽ⴫Ѷһ½һͬڷȥ
ֻǾһͬڷɳ۵ʱ򣬲û˷ֱɱ֣סħҲһϬĹ⻪ֲȻڷħ֮йעԪĿȻҪ·Ͼͽһɱ
һ˷㻨ҹʱ䣬ʱƬҲûͣϢԪĹ䣬ֻǲԪӡħ֮еһȻȻϢȴʮǿʢ
ۼþҪ붴֮УͷЩżСӡˣΪλܿסҵĹǷţų֮󽫴й¶ݼҵĹҲסˡ
ʱһԵԽע߽΢ɲĵ˵ͷһ˹
ӹһһö롣ͷһΪⶫ򵥣ϵħһǼ裬ֻħӡöȴɱ֮
ЩԵʱ򣬱Խܣٽӽ
һ⻰ʱԼƱֵ֪նɱһġһ뵽ɱһԪӤڵСӾȻҪķͷʮֲʣžǰǻصУǵһһᱻ˲Ҫ־͸ˡ
뵽˺ģԽ˵ͷһ£ҲУתԪһעħ֮С
۵ɱ֮Ȼͬոעħ裬ĸоϢһԭǿʢϢҲڷٵļֱһ˿붴˲䣬ȫʧ
϶һҲˣͷһɣԽͷʾ⡣һʱ䣬ͬʱЦ
ڸоԾæסѾˣ²˳٣һͬȥݼһķӡɣ
⻰ǹһ˿ЦݣȻôżȥɣ˵䣬ȳɽȥ
˿쵽ɽʱһ˿ɱͻأĴϴ˳һ˼״Ǵһѽֱָ㵽Ҫ
ɫһ䣬Ҳ֪ɱӺζ뵽ʲôæнħȡһʵʵɫɱƮɢ
һĻԽ˾㵵ĶһۣͷͬʱһͷȻû
ʱɱѾһƺħѾӡסʱҪըæעԪǵãɱԽԽŨ
֮׼ħ׿ʱ򣬱һը죬ħȻըһǿޱȵıը֮⳯˷ɱȥ
뱬ըӦֱ۶ʳɷ飬һҽУæݿֻǾʱը֮֮һҰ׽ֱֱ׷˹һٶȿգۼ׷
ڱը֮ˣټ⽣ɱֻһһߵֵųֶ֮һ涼ֵסһ̣׷ǰȻһӰ֮Уһ˭ˡ
ʱһȻڣɢңֳǽɼһ˫ɱڣ·ޱɱԴȪ
㵵ĿһС㾹Ȼû
һһҪôף
ţܣ㲻Ҳͻħ裡
һһЦ⵹Ҫлˣ㽫ҷУҲ򽣷ĻᣬҲƷ
⻰Ȼ򣺡򽣷Ʒԭˣԭǰȫƣѵǰװ
һһЦȷʵҵƣҲװ㣡
⻰ɱ⣬æȵСصأ·ϣѵгʹٲô
ʹһһЦݣ㽫ҷħ裬ɱֵʱôû뵽ʹҽɣȱһԽΪ˴л㽫ҷӡͽѣ
˵䣬һЦһ⣬۽״ɫʮѿΪըˣʱνǿиɣ˵ֻ֣ʱƣæչķֵ


һ ˽֮һ
ʱһƷ磬ǿиɡԭʵȴҲԶһһǣʱԵ֮С
һ֮£ûл֮ÿÿһ˲һ㻤屦ⱻƣȻڲϵ⣬ٶȸֵƻٶȡ
ۼô뱦ⶼɫ࣬ʱһߺҪ񣬱ҲһݹƱը˳˷׷
״֪ԽǰԮȣϻָһ˿ѪɫһЦСɱңҾҪһ·֮ó
һԽɿӽҲ֪ٶȥܸ֮ǰɱ뵽ĸɢĳ뵽ԷҪԼصĶ⣬ͷһת˼һᣬ¶һ˿Цݡ
ȻôҾ͸ˡڷӡ֮бãΨһ㳢һɣ
δ䣬һս߳һ콣⣬ɱǽ֮Уͬʱǧ򻯵ĽҲһעǽ֮С
һʱ䣬ǽ·Ϊһƪ£дǸֽ⡭Ϊȴֻһ֣Ǿǡƾһ֣һ̤˽޵˵еġ˽
ȻһľֻۣûеϡġħƪûֺҲû޺׽ġɱ¾¡ðԵֻǸո̤еģ򽣣ȴֶһ޶⾳ȴĳ̶ֳϳ֮ϡ
еϢԾıͬ˺˾ͽ˶ˣǶ˶ὣĸ֣ȴû롮˽֮ὣ֮ƪ¡
˵ὣ̤롮˽ֻ֮벽벽ȴǴһ̤롮˽֮ʵ֮·Ѿһε顣
ˣһвʮصĽ޾Ȼǰ̤롮˽֮ǿνͷζӳɡ
ǲͬȻ̤˽ѶȣҲ֪ǿ٣ֱֵȴԽǰԮܵв
һˣȻΪֵϣʼһвҪ̤˽֮Ѿͬǲɱңǻлأɱңһᱻڵĸִûɢó
˵вһ֮һĻһһ˵⻰ʱĸ޹ѵ֮һĻһһɢóҵҪ˭óһ֣ƾ
δ䣬һڳƽƽһ̣ٶȲ첻ƺ£Ƿ⻹ǹ˲䶼ֵˣƺһըɢ
һĻŻԾڡ˽ɫ䣬һ֣ƾͻ˽ʧһ򷨣
һ򷨣˾ͽҲһ˵˽֮аմɵĻǡһ򷨡Ž˵ͼƮĴˡ
ʱ򣬲ǳԾĽ˶֪ٲֹھҪһ³ϡֻһĽѳǸǰԮֻþµĳȥˡ
ʱһΪƿءһ򷨡ȫȫⶼгϣǵĻҾܹõɱҲΪ˵谭ͣ֡Բνкǽһǰĳȥ
ȴ˵ֱ˽æųڶ෨ûаôǽɲĳüĴۼֻߵʱǽϺ·߶סһ㣬ĵһϢĸо
Ϊ֣־ҲǷͬˣæǿסͷľ֣ڱһ仰Ҫɱң
һ仰û˿ֵͣ˼ߣߣһߡֱֱһʱ˫΢Уǹһ˿Ц촽һ³һ

һֳڣǡǡüģһ㼴գ˷ɡ˵ͬʱ˵ϢѸɢͣ£ϢѾɢȻ£໹ȴûа㡮ˡĸо
ʱԽոոϵһץæ̽տʼüһѪ⣬Ƥǽ𣬵̽ȥȴֱڵԪӤͱʶ֮е궼·һʧ
һֻ˵һ£ǾȻд棬ý³ϣɢó


һ 
ԭӡħ֮еļգһһߵֵħķӡɱ֣һȫ򽣷ڲ͸һ򷨡нԽ롮˽
ΪƽӡΪɱʩչΡһ򷨡һɱ֮һ֪ԼŹ棬֪֮УӵõҲûԶݣֻƾհȻƺȴʲô
Ρһ򷨡һԪģѵԳһ˿ƣһɱ˵ĳ̫ˣһʱ侹Ȼû˸ҳǰץɱͬš֡
ȴ˵Խ꣬ȷֻһʬ֮󣬻̧ͷ˫۲Ѫ˿Ŀһһһٵúݣ
һ˯ϡɣɹЦһѳԼϷףĿһҲһ׵㣬˵ǽɵġ
ЩԽĿһһһЦҪΪҲ֪ʲôǽȷʵһ˴ʯ˼ƷĻѹͷӲʣϡ˵һݣǰľͲֹһˡ
ʱһǸеʲôüͷһɱٴβԽΪҪɱԼͷһȵɱң
һĻδţֻתͷһ߿ȥʱһڤڤ֮дøСӣȻܹӦҵĴڡ
Խɫһ䣬æݵݼҵӼ棡
⻰ڳɫҲһ䣬Ҫ֪ܱԽΪ˵ٶǷ֡һ뵽ּ٣ǽ³ϻ೤ϵӶ׷װΨһһ˰ȻֻҲǼɵ
⻪һһ߳ڿУһ۳˿ȥаûߵĻ軨һޱȵǣ·һж͸κ˶ǰڲ˼е磬ֵĴڡ
ݼ濴˿Խеʬ壬һ˿ŭ֡Խ״æָһ棬ǴӽɱΪܱ𣡡
ݼһûõĶҪ𶼲Լ֣ﶪۣٸҹ
Խû뵽ԼڷǰΪ³Ҳҷңͳһ߷ȥ
ûа۵ˣݼ濴ҲһһۣһЩµѵΪԶѵҪ벻ɣ
˻һ⻪Ⱥ˴˳ԭոæȥΪģֻΪڵԼ
ܹ֮ҲݼһݣȻΪ棬ȻûбȨλȴ֮ϡ
һϣݼ濪ڴƽյ鱾ܣҲá˵ҲӦüˣӲŹ棬֮ͬ꣬ԱŽ³ɱ֣ǴûɢδоͿЩˣ
һ俴ǽȫݼ濪ڱǡŹ棬֮ͬꡯѾΪˣһάһɫЩÿȴԵ
ʱǰһ棬λͬоײбŰħ죬ɵˡȽţΪʮ˲ħߣԾӣ⸰󳾡
⻰ɫһվʦܴԲӣȻΪŰȴпԭħȴֲͬ಻в̤ҵȺúùȰ˵ܹƻҪ֪ʮ̤롮˽֮ʣǧҲһţ֮Уӹΰɴ֮ˡ˶˵еģΪЧشٿ¾͸Ѷȹˡ
⻰ǡ˽֣֮ף˶˵ͷȻ˲ţǻǲʹնɱ
˼״һЦпԭߣʦ˵ݼҲФӵܵɡ˻˵ҲãλҲ֪˴ȻݼҲФǳ¶ˣڴ֮УݼԪӤӵܣһϼѵСһЩˡ˲㣬λʦֵҲӦˡأȴǰûдȱ֮ģͱ˲˵ʹɱ֣˵ħŻʲô̸ʲôпԭҿħ԰Σ
⻰ϣ˺ȴЩ޻˵ȷʵЩиУǧ£ܶ鶼һжһֵߵ͡
һļ˲һȺˣֵֻۣαȲԪӤֵġҲֻĬһпԭҲܹվסš
ЩжϹŶͬһ˾ȻԼüֵҿɽûмֵĴڣͷԭΪɱˣŭٴβֻ֣ںֻƣǳֱɣס˵


һ ϻ
Լļֵ۵õ˳ϣ˼ʦֻἰ׿ԴӵȷʵǧѵһֻʾΣʷ׿ȴΪа·ΪҲҿ˶СΪҲͰˣΪһ߶ȻΪ¡²ƺλϱǰ֮ѵȵܶԸʱֲɣ
һڱ³ϵǴ֢ڡΪ³ȴڣĴҲܹ񵽵ģƽһ¶Ҫǵ𾪣һʧҶһϣǰٿĪʵ֤͡
µ˵ʹһɱﵣΪһ⣬ȴҲɿڰ㡣Ʋѣڳз֣ݼҵ棬Ҫ˴һۺûˡ
ΪĴ氮֮⣬ίһԼ̷ǿס
֪ʱͶһ˱ɱ֮ģȻõ涥ײˣȴҲ³϶̫ɽһ׳һʱ֮䣬̫ɽһΨһܺߣ˱ҪȰ˵Ҳ˿ڡ
£Դıʾٲܴ£ɽһƮȻȥ֮˺ҲȺȥһǣûнʱʮֹ죬ϧǾʲôȻȥ
ȥֳֻʣɽһϾһֳʵǱǿܶණһްպһ˾ͽ֧ţɽΪ֮ǿһɽ
ֻץһɱ˲ţڳзڣܶ䣬Լ˾УȴҲû취Ź֮վסŸѵ˳Ա㱻ը
ʵ޷֮£ȻһųȥĿıɽһķֻǺһʱ䶼ûӰټݼģʱ׶ȻǱסˡ
һʱ䣬˵Ҳ˵ֲֻܴܸɿżͯСͨ죬ŭĵˣǲ˵ֳʱ䵽ξء
һͷоǿŭͬʱĵȡ鵤ʼָ׼ʱܷ
ͬʱɽɽ｣ڣڣһŰ׹ڽڣ̳֮ϿƯԹ˸ϸȥһŰ׹֮һͷ׺꣬˵ڽڣ֮ýϾεСס
ʱСѾһͻָ˹ֻ֮ǰͬǣԭĸβͣȴһξ֮󣬾ϵõһͻƾ磬ﵽβľ磬ͬԪӤֵĴڡ
֮ǰͻƲͬȻ׹ţųһȻַϢ·Ĺһ㡣ÿһβ涼һԪԪ֮ȵϺüѰԪӤ֣Ȼǳͻ֮⣬˱ĺô
һ⻪ڼ̳ԱСױѹ鿴ʲôȴûǹ⻪֮Ʈһһƣٴλ˯˹ȥ
һ̣⻪֮߳һǵħɨˡȤĿ˿ǰСף޵ȻѪһָм䣬;ǷܱȣǾʹ˷չȥµصǼͷֿ¶ְɣ
䣬һӽڣϿƾֱֱɱȥ߲׽ۼĽλһͽƲСһͬʱȻһЦΪʦչͷСתӣû뵽㱩꣬ҲãµħǾûƢʧ
ϵߣϷӾȻȻûʲô£л˵ƨͷţѵҪҳ֣ſ˵ɡ
ɨԺŭɺٺһЦʦܼȻ֪βɴཫʶ̽ȥʱֵش٣СһٻҲ㡣
һƬ֮һ⵽ô£ѵСӲɣ
ɨҡҡͷôҲһ鳤λ飬οʦˣôˡСӵһ˵ʶݸˡ˵䣬ָüһһ߷ɳ
ˣһƾһӹߣƬ֮һȴˣʲôʱڳ˲ɹڣȻ̳°޹֮ҪЮļһݼҵҾȻСӣϷǣҲҷһƨû뵽񲻹Ƿھ¶ȱԣߣѹ̫ɽһ˲ţֻ˼һϷܹȥһ


һ С׳
һáƺݼ棬ǰƨ㣬ǴʱǰĲɨ߶Щ³ϣ𣬿ֱ
Žѣɨ΢΢һЦʦ㻹СӣȻˣҳƽϢ£ϼһӣǻҪġ˵ţҪٴλȥ
ʱϵáͻȻͣһȥ˭ȥ
ɨͣ¶ݹ⣬Щɻʦ˼ǣ
ʱϵ۳ǵĻߣɨһ˼ѵңһӰˣʦͽЧñŶȹشٰˡشٵ飬һȫ֡˵ҵˣξΣҲذ׷Ļˡ޹أҲ֣Ҳ֣ܳϼһҲ֣ܳҪҪɱǳһҲħ¶һ
˻һ˲ڣ¶ȷ·𶼽ɨҪ͸ϵ뷨Ƭ֮ڷˣ˵ȻˣǾʦ֮ԣһᷢȥΥʦֻܳ֡ǻʦҲҪӦңشٻҪ㡣
ԣһǻشɨڨȻһЦҡҡͷȥ
ɨȥϺԼһ˫۾ֱֱһȥƺܹһУƬ֮ջĿ⣬ǳ˯Сף߳һѡ
˭С״ûмϵĿһԼǰľѡ
ȻΪһСףħһûкɫһС꣬ѵ˭Ķ֪ô
һ߽һƱСײС壬⻰ʱ׽ݣһ˿ţҲ壬Ҳûʲô㣬㲻ǴûгôΪʱ֣кξġ
ϼ״ƺʲôЦ飬һЦС꣬ҾȻ˵ϣһʲôô
Сױʹϻ۹ˣǱҲͨѣʱЩʲôæѵˣ
ͣЦ˵ͷøС꣬ѪȻͬѰµûЩ飬һ㣬ֻǲ֪һΪ٣
Сɫһ䣬ֳܿȻ֮ɫϼ״Ե˵ͷһЦˣǵԼԶǶ𱨶Լ飬Ϸܲôˣ߰ɣ߰ɣ
˵䣬һڶƾСƺһ˵Щʲôĵնʱ԰ףҡҡͷ˵㳯ڶȥʱߴϵ֣Ϊ֮
С׸һ֮ȥطһڣܿҵ򣬲֪һ飬ֻҡһ仯ѰģǰȥɽдϢȥˡ
Сߺ󣬽һ̾վҪҲסߵվҪߣҲˣֻϣպһݾˡ˵Ʈɢ·ûгֹһ
ȴ˵һߣСλһԣȴҲϷƬ˿ɲҹζ࣬΢΢һЦʦ֣Ҳ˵ҲͬҶԴӵĴ˰ɣ
޻˵ֻǷŵʱ˻ȥҷ֣Ҫʱ䡣Ҫ¶ۣ˼һתæ޻˵Ǿˣ˵һ֮ԣһΪųϣܷʲô飬ҲбȨ±˳Цھһá
ͷЦ˵ͷתһһˣ㻹ʲô˵ģȻܱķڷһξͷŹҲδ֪
һ۵ʱȻûȫָȴҲ˼֣˵Ļ̧ͷʱ߻˵ĴģǾʱ䣬˵ûһ
һѾǵһĸ˵Լ²ƣݼҵ˵ı֣ڵĸ߲㶼ġ˵˺ĵȴϽһݺ⡣
䵭ı飬һǹһ˿ЦݣȻлҪ˵Ǳ⣬ΪֺǱ⣬̹ҪμʲôǾɣҪǣСĸǵĺ󳾣
˵䣬һ֣֮ƪٴֳΧ۱仯ǿһݣȻѾʼ˽һʱ˻һ¡
ⷬƣ֪һ˽ûмʶ֡жɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺû뵽ԪӤھȻơܿ죬ĵãɫҲѿǹһ˿Ц


һ ã
ȻϷŹһٲʱתͷˣ΢΢һЦʦ֣һؿɲ˵ӣҲ˵һ˰ɣ
˼Ц⣬һתͷһƺԹһֻǹ˹֣ʲô˵һ䣺ôǣ˦ֶȥ
ýϰˣЦ˲任Цһһôӣ㲻Ҫҳֽ֪һ֮
һԼһЦˣһ¾Ȼ˶Ҫɱĳ˵ǣαؼٽͽĳˡ
üͷ΢壬ǸôǱŭЦɱ㣬ֱЦߵһȫԲŴŹ棬ִֻŹˡ
˵ţ˳ݼ湰һݵ棬һŷŹ棬ʦŹ棬Źɱͬţ̫ɽһ֮͡
ݼҳɱһֻײ϶֣ռˡŹѹһȻ˳ˮۣ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
ݼ׿ϣ˵㣬ֻδҹζ࣬æȵһǳǴħʮ˲㣬ѹǧ꣡ڳϺڣҽ¡
һ£ڳ̫ɽϽһʽԽʮ̶һ˷˷һ߹ȥ
һҪȺȴҲ㲻壬һԭġ֮ƪ¡Ҳ֮һעǽУ͵ٴɱ⣬⣬ɱݺύ·ʱҪɱˡ
ⳡ𷽲һһͽնɱĳԽҲͰˣǺĻȻ£³ȴɥһ룬ԭץ;ͱϡϡ
ԽΪͷˣǰǱֵĻᣬһԼ³ϳģɫϳŭһз򷨹һ
һŭȣʱڳϾѣн³ڴˣͷڣǵҲѸæԽ˵ʩչ̫ɽһشϻ֮򷨹һ
⡮򷨹һ֮ǵ̫ɽһʦֶʩչһԶԵСϼܹ֮֮ϵӣҲΪԲͬ໥ܹÿһַǿմﵽһһڶЧ
һ³ʵʮֲȫִܹʤΪһͷֹսΪ˱ֱǳ̵ľʹ취䲻ݡԽȫ֮ڳһ貹⻪С
ԼǿԽһ˿׹⣬һЦһ־ܻҶ֣
һ״ҲоһͬСɣο־ܣһ룬Ҫ־ͳ֣㲻֣Ҿͳˣ
һ䣬һǽϴȻһ˵ͳ֮ƾ򷨵İ壬һġһ򷨡
Խû뵽һȻȳ֣ͷ侪ȴһ㲻һȣǡ򷨹һĺϻһֱֱ
Уһ򷨹һһһ򷨡νˡûһеƻѹſգһռѷ춼֡
ڼײ˲䣬Խ̧һָ򷨹һһ㣬Ȼӣͬʱԭעеķ׷ݱ·ʲôֶζҪһ
һ״Ȼһһ֣ƾ򷨣Ʒǵٶһǰͳȥ
ֻһһ֮û˿仯򷨺һ֮κһƻƣÿÿһ˲Ϣʮơ
̶ʮ֮ġ򷨺һ⻪룬֮һֳǽȻ˥ȴһ֮һ澹ȻǴ˸ʤ
Ƚ뵽һǼ֮ڣû뵽һһ˾ͽԽͬ϶һֹһ
Ƿ㶣һȴûУƺ㵽ԽûʱһЦһӣһڣȻ˴ͬʱʧһ̱ѾԽɭҪܽӴ
ʱһֱԹ۵ɫһ䣬һСɱˣ
Сֳڵʱ֮⣬ˡδѾһԽ֮䣬һⲻɶܣ˫з֣һƽԽƿһһӭȥ


һ һս
һһȻֻƿ򷨹һ֮֮ǿѰֶڡƺ⣬ֽȥ
ӡһȻըһ̩ɽһüͷһ豬ը֮˰Զңң
˾µԽʱŻعˡһ뵽սô׾ͶʱͷŭһСȻ͵ϮҸƴˣ
ʱһȴ˿д£˾ˣҪﶪۣ㱻ץס鷳
⻰ɫһ䣬ûһȻԼԼʡһ뵽˳֣֮»мֻᱻ
һ˵ԼƣҲʧһЦ˲һС뷨㿴͸ݳϣҿ㻹˵Ļһ԰ɣˣɹֲҡ
Ǳ˺ԽҲϵãһȻһʱǵͨ죬Ҫһƴһսסʱһߴ
ʮϤԼ棬ζǲʱջ˼ݺݵĿһƺҪɱתͻصݼԱȥˡ
һƲɣһǲ٣һЦˣ˿ã֪ǷҪԸССʿ
ϳɾһ֪Լµ˿һ붼һĶ֣ܹӮãȴҲõڳóֵľԼ
һңҲ⣬һЦŻǱŵӵı֣ΪȻ׵壬кβɣ
һ˵ͷû뵽Ʊ磬ȻˣǾ˳ְɣҾԴ˽һ˵ֶΡ˵ţ˰벽ɫʾٴ̬֮ȻǷ˳ֵֵһиʮѹ
ȳְɣպ˵۸ˣ˺İ˰֣Եг
һ״һáȴǰ˫ֳֽʼʲôƬ֮󣬽֮ǽһǿһһһ·ս֮ǰսĺŽһ㣬һƲϰθߣ֮ǰﵽߵĸ߶ȡ
һԼĻ᲻ƣ׼ɱһ˿⣬Ψһ˼ıһս֮ʱȻͻƵͷҺ·ʱ򣬷ʮ꣬ԼҲҪԸסˡ
ʱ䣬ξѹ֮£һľҲѸɱͻƣ֮仯Ļʵˣûбʤİա
·ʤһûаյֹһΣҾڲһÿһǲϡ
һˣһ˫΢Уǹһ˿Цһһֱָ˴ȥ˼һ֣ʱʽʼ֡
һֲʾΪһĵ̡͵һԲʮﶼϢӿ˲ҺΣϸ龧Ư̧һУЩӵһִСӡͳһȥ
νɲһֱʾһ㾳磬ƽƽһƣĳȥ֮֮ǿǰġ򷨺һ˲ǽײһ
һΡһ򷨡ٴչ¶֮򣬽£Ѹ߽⣬ӳִСľСȣֻͨһ㡣
ʱǻͨƴСӡͻȻ˱仯ԭӲӡȻһ㣬ʼӴ˲䣬Ȼ΢΢һƣĽӽʳָָ˹
һԭޱȵĽ澹Ȼıסö
һ״ɫ΢䣬һһȻͷһҪƿָл˼״Ц̧һһֱָĽڣһ죬ǽжѣһ˲侹Ȼ鿪
ҲΪѾһˣʱɫ΢䣬̧һĳˡ
ոȥһ̣ըĽĩ֮оȻһͬһ򷨡ĹʱҲһն°ء
һһϧ̧һУĩѸ˲Ϣ䣬ǽָԭ״ƺûаˡ
Ⱦ֣°ڱѾǱһ⣬Ǹ̫ͱŭѣʱҲڲסһ˿ŭȻҲǱŭˡ
ˣ㵽õʲôȻܶϽ
Цû뵽̫ɽȻҲ˼ʶǳϹ֪֮Ȼڱ㿴ǲɽһҲˣ


һһ 
֮üͷһ壬⽣֮бΪѸ޵ֶΣٿһǽΪ죬ʱ˼֡
ԭˣû뵽ôûܵõġ֮Ȼ䵽ϣãܺãһг䲻⣬ɼҲˡֻ֪һεһξͲˡ
һսһûÿı£òҵ£ֻҪܺԼУٳһУûнڿˡ
ɫһøСӣȻȳ֣һؾ͸ñˣҵҪ㻹ʲôֶܹҳС
˵䣬˹ĵϢ˫ַÿÿһתһͳ֮»ɳѻһϢʱ䣬תǧΣǧѻЩҲһֻˣһµķʽڲϷ
һĻ̫ɽһ֮дһԽЩɫȻǡ󷨡ⲻǴ˵зֲյĴô˾ȻܹӿһԸС
ʱһߴǰķ洫Ϊ֣۹֮߿˵뷨ԼҺûȻͷкɸֵĸо
ԭ⡮󷨡յǿֶ֮һԸһԪӤʿһս֮вʵͬСǿһԽսԽµɵδҹζ࣬ʹó׼󻼡
ȴ˵һ״Ȼû̫ɽǰϤַȺҲ˽ⲻ٣һҲϳֶ˽⡮󷨡ʩչ֪˷ףɵֶΣĳ£һ򷨡Ŀǡ
뵽Щһüͷ΢壬ֻˣһսҲް취󷨡ûгͣæһСһ򷨡ʩչ
һ㣬ǰһȻڲڽ֮еĽ䣬ǽ鶯һ֣ȻһԼڴǽĴͬʱȴҲá
˼һɱ˿Ծüͷ΢ǧͬʱƥһƶȥ
һԥĳÿÿһնһֻǰͬǣ֮дû˿ɣȴƾ䴿⣬Ȼáһ򷨡ı֮ǰ졣
ͷһǣ˺ƿɱֻһζٶԽԽ죬ܿͳնɱٶȣļֿʼѸ
һڷ֮£ѣγֻ֣ûм٣ʱ䣬һƬն˷Ӱӣһ֮䶼նɱˡһ򷨡ֽȵȶá
ĳһʱֹ̣ͣ˽ӡһɹϢϴһ̣ǧķڷƥһİ
һҲоԾһƣնԭһնƵķȻ˿𣬻˵зܵˣڷֵͬޡ𵱳伮֮еݣãȻô졮󷨡ͳˣ
䣬һд磬ɣ
һɡ֣ԭܼһŵķʼβӣһΧסһ̣Ȼǿռ֮Ȼ䣬һоԼһĿռ䣬ٲ졣
һҵġ硯˵Խ󻯿ռ䣬һҵĿռ䷨򣬿ǲҲܹ
µ˲䣬ԭ͹ɿռٴֳһٲɱ׵ĹԹչ¶צһɱ
һһ͸оͬԼĵɣﵽЧɣ֮䣬ʧ˽š硯֮н޾ķͷһ
ֻԽһֻܹķȴԳͷһµ񣬻ʲôģʲôûУһɣ
һˣһһնĸոķȻ滹޾ķȴһϢϢĻᡣ
ʱǽ̧һף֮ƪ֮Ѹһƶ룬ͬʱһ˿ռ֮ۼҪγɽռ⡮硯ֿ
˿ơ󷨡һⳡɵðЦվˣΪƾӵķ뱾ԿɹˣЦ
뵽ĵ硯飬һ̣ɫȴͬ˲Ӭһʮѿ


һ ᱦԺ
ʱԭġ硯ֳ֮һµĿռ䣬ռ֮£֮ռ䡯ԳƵϡ֮ռ䡯һʱȻڡ֮ռ䡯룬ָƴɱ
ô£ķǲҵġ硯֮вɽռ䣬ѵ
뵽ʲôɫ΢䣬æʶ̽롮硯֮УһϱѸٽӽռ䣬ڽķ֮£صķűն㻻ʮβڽӽ˽Եʼ̽ȥ
ʱһת롮硯໥ĥһоڣͷһųĽȥָʶڡ
һƺߣֻһ˿ʶεֵסĽһ䱻𵱳һûΪʶеˣΪ֪ԼصڻǱ֪ˡ
ȴ˵˻عһ˿ϲ֣ͷ鱦Ȼ鱦ѹܹ߶㹻ķ֮ռ䡣ã̫ˣܹõ鱦ԼǽʹãңݼҶǴкô
һˣѾ鱦ֵıΪڳˣδ⽫ϢȥҲû֪ݼ棬Ǿһնɱ֮󣬽鱦õ˵
Ȼδҹζ࣬һҪһӣһͿ롮硯֮ȥˡ
ʱһʹ󣬱⻪һα¶˳һ֣һ̤зģ·֮ĵһ㡣
ɣǹһ˿ɫһû뵽㲻ɱͬţ˽ر֪ʱεȴٽｻ־룬һԴᷢ䣬򣬶ٲ
һϵ˵ĳ֣⻰ǹһ˿Цݣˣ˵˽رָ
һεĽһ̯һ׹Ѹٳ֣һöƴСƣ顮ޡ֣Դ֮е鱦
û뵽һôɴ̰࣬һţ˵ͷٽ
һĿһۣ֪ҽأǽԼأ
Ȼз֮⣬ȴ˿˵ڳְ֮ˣȻܴţ㽻Ҿ͵ˣΪˣҿԼ̷
һȻġŶһƾҪ׳ȥһ̣æͣס΢΢һЦѵ˾Ͳ֪ⶫǴô
ȻЩͷˣҲ˼Ŀһһۣ³һ֣˵
һҲΪ⣬΢΢һЦԼ汾Դ֮õ˵һƬ̣ɻƺô˵ⱦӦĳ֮еõؿҲ˽У˽ء
üͷ΢˵ʲô˵ɣɫ
һһЦ⻰¸ĳ˵ɣˣҪɱ˶ᱦ˵ǣαؼٽĿ
ɫһһǸҪˣһǷһᣬѾˣֽ£ҵҪƾı£ǲܹס磬սҰ
󷨾ͬʱһöö׹롮硯֮Уԭͽȴûķ׷׿һɹϢϴ
һеϢͷ΢΢ԾΪҲܵϢ꺣֮ʱˮĸ²ܹǽһ峤ŨģϢǴ˵֮еһ壬еġϢ
һԾ˺ٺһЦҲϳˣϢǱȡһ߼Ĺɵġ顯רڡ󷨡ֻƽʱ֣Ҿóڴֶ֮£ҲӦøмˡ
о˷ԽԽǿѹһæͬʱŭһָϻһһӰϷͶ뽣֮С˲䣬֮һɿҰƴϢܿнⶼմȾϣԭϬʱøӿ
һʱ䣬ע롮顯Ϣġ硯ÿ񱩵Ľʼײһûһ˲ը֮ͬʱⶼڱը֮бɢһٴ
񱩵ĶԺ䣬˫ƴľʵʵĵ̣ÿһ˲ĶǿֲġǺ۷壬ۺ񣬶һȻԭԪŨȵϺڸ֣ǰս˶Ժ䣬ҲЩ֧


һ 
˰Ȼоһ΢΢ϢһƬɫƺѾһˡ
һҼŵǸʱ⣬˵ҲܳΪ˲õϧѡˣ̫ɽһݼҲܹǵģñ·Ҳ㲻һֲ飡
ͬʵĻһסԽԽǿѹһЦˣҪɱɱα˼ʣ·ȴҲҪСģ˵ҲҪͬ·أ
Ӳҿʱѵ·ɣ
һЦ̧һУ硯֮˸һԹͬǣռյûаӰϸһЩÿһŶһö飬ܿЩ׹һֱֱ
Ⱥʱÿһ͵һ˽ȥ硯֮ԪңƬ֮֮оȻһƸǿ弸ʵʵЩ˵Ŀ֮£ֻһǱһڵĽ
ȻΪ˳Уʱ˶ԽѹһȴûɣһҡͷβķԽԽ䣬΢ɲĵ˵ͷƺʲô
Щ뽣аɵʱڿʼˡһָͷĽһֳ֡дʣһ߳͵һԭǿȴЩġųȻʼ뽣ͬ
Ҫѹȫ鱦Ҳ룡
һһ̤ǰһͷͷϣ󷨾һָſһ磬һֱһȥ
һڽ衮硯͡󡯵ȫһ֪ɳһڹǰһ죬ͬʱ顣
˱һ֣֪һڹ⣬ҸǣóڹȻһͷĹԸͬھ
ʲôƺǷǷȴֲ顣ѵԴ֮νĻ޲ɣ
˲һ𣬷ǵʵˣ˼ƸǲˣȻûмޣ򵥷ȴҲµð˾ŲʮֻǣޱϽɱˣΪʱȴֲάһ
ߣˣЩҾͲܹٴεסĹ
ʱȣ˷²⣬һһͬʱſ죬һ̣һ⳯һ˹һɲͬʱƾձһͷ޳ס⡣
ڶγٴʧҲһ˿ʹͿ⣬һһֻ֡ǱһĻƺֹһʮ־Ȼûһһϡ
׼ʮһֵʱһӡдһĴ߶֮£⡮ѸǴ󣬻һŴһҫܣһʨŴչ⻪֮߳һͷ
ͷʨܲƣβ֣ͺһ޽֮ơ֮£ЩƾȻͬСһ㣬һΡ
˼״ɫһ䣬ǡ룬Ȼ룡
һԣԭ԰׵ɫ¶һ˿ЦݣһЦ룬Ȼֻһ꣬ȴһЩС߿Ա⣬ˣ㲻Ҫ鱦ôǾͶðɣ
˺ָܿеһֳû뵽һȻܹô鱦ܹƾһ֮֮˵⻹ܶԸҪнΪ֪ǾЩѶˡ
ΪѵʱһȻ⣬ͷҲ֪һơ
Ҫ֪ǲһ˵ǳս֮ʱӷ򣬲ҿԽзԴӿ⣬ûʲôá
Ȼ˵Լ鱦Ե޷֣仨ѴʱԼʵÿ죬Բ㣬ܹʹͷ
ȻûȫֻҪܹģﵽܹԱĳ̶ȣʱ鱦Աܣ鱦ҪЮпܡ
û뵽ǣ鱦޷ųٶȾȻԽԽ죬ۿžҪӴĵʱ򣬻ûҲͷ뾫꾹Ȼ׵׵
Īƿ鱦ԾǣԼһ˾Ȼ鱦ϵһתһ룬ÿ뾫ҲԼйء
ƽҲỶϲһʱԭֶε鱦Ȼ˲ܶӣԼ鱦ΣսҲ֪ϲǡ


һ 
νǧǱһʧһһû뵽Ȼһʱԭ㾡ңò
ȻһȻ˿һһгӣһڷɿҩҩӿԪָʱ仯˼ƻܶһĻͶһ㡣
˼ǳѾȴûпǹһײµĽϾΪһҲû鱦֣鱦ӵˡ
δ֣һľ߱Լ֣뾫ǹͨһҡ˹ȥ侪壬æתһҲӭȥ
һͷʵӦø뾫˴ԿǾ͸ռϷ硣ͷ޾ǣЩǷĹ֮¾ǰ߿ƺߡ
ټ˻鱦º֣֮䣬뾫ǾȻӲסһӮ˲ʱ䡣
οһļƻͷһֱڿǷ鱦鴫ȥǷҪ鱦̣һָҧҧ¶˾ġ
û뵽СȻôྪϲһ˳Բ£æɣӦҲֻݼҲסһǵ鱦
뵽һʹֵ룬һ߷ɿĴһƿ硯˳ȥ
ԭȺݼ˼˽ȥôöûжЩͷˡʱһݼһԭ²ĵҲһ˿̰ĹâûȥǻⲼһ
˼״Ȼ֪ʲôҲҹʡ֮ݼͣһ䣺ӦֵܵסϼһƬˡһƿ硯С
һĻڳУһ͹սڸСһ˲Ϣ䣬ЩȻڲͬɽ֮ҲѸٵĴ׷ɻݼ澹ȻҲս顣
ȴ˵ݼͻȻ롮硯֮Уõ뾫ǣ̰
˼״¶ϲɫæңңһݵӭ棬棬һȻ˽رﲻϽţԳְᡣ
ݼԣĵ˵ͷתͷ뾫ǣٺһЦ̧׽֮ƣһֻһģһȴ˰ٱľͻأ֣ƾҪץ
֮жǸ߰Ĵڣ˽ӽݼʩץǿ֮͵һͳչȥ֮£ҲЩܲסʼΣһץֱ֮ա
ݼǵŭЦñȻǵܳͷٹ齵ңȻռΪ
鱦Ȼ飬ҲǷ֮ҪΪҪϵıΪԽߣԽϣȻԽǿΪб֮˵
ȴҲԣʺϵģǿĴڣԭҲͰˣԭ˻ƴ鱦ҲпܻѡˡҲԭݼ濪ڳԡ
ֻݼ沢û뵽ıԸޱȣǲ̶ĵ͡˵⻰ҲͰˣ⻰һ˵ʱŭ⣬ǵ˳ҵĳ˹ȥ
Σݼüͷ΢壬ֵסĹתͷ˵㽫ֵסϷҪԳֽСӻɱʱҲýҲý
ԣæ˵ͷת󷨡ʼĹݼͥŲĳһһ䱸һЦСӣ㽫鱦ת
һüͷȻݼ֣û뵽ôͳ֣˼ɿתҪҳһ·ϧһ·õĲ²лˡ
ݼǲƤݣͷѵһעһôҳδҪҲҪݼҸصĴۣ
һʱ֮У⣬ɱ⣬ŭ⣬ӡԺ֮дһһģľǰ֣ȴһԼɭȻĺ⡣
оϤƺƺ
һͷһͷһһ뷨ͷæҳоȻȻǾ˴¡
ݼ汾ڵȴһػش𣬷ԼʱͷŭһҪ̧־ͳһץȥ
ץһɲǣһ˿ɭȻϢһϴݼ͵ջΪϢ֮иов


һ ޲T
ݼȲΣֱʶʵʵĸовҲջһܵͻȻɭȻϢһǰδеŨɱ⣬ٴο϶ֱûд
ô£ôǿɱ⣬ҼǿħͷҲûɱ⣬ֱܹӵУɱˣԼɱ֮±
벻ͨһɱ⣬ݼȴԼע֮£һԪӤСӻĶԼв̽˼ٴνһӡ˹ȥ
ۼӡһͷȥڴﵽ֮ʱһХһʲôĽһ˳һ̱㽫ӡ̴ɢ
ݼһҪⶫʲôǰڽϵĶȴǿʶܴ͸㡣
ʱǽϴһЦ¸¸¡ڳˣСӣٽ⿪ӡųҿһ
һ͵̧ͷһץסȵ޲TҪſܹųҲԽջȥǲţһԡ
ԭ˽ǵӡ޲T׽һ񱻱ƵϣƲ֮ż˳
޲T׽ЦѣСӣװǻƣΪΪ˾ܶԸ˳֣˵һ㣬һٸҲնɱο㽫ҷųҰԵУҲǲԣֻҪϰѪʳҲǲԣ
һԣɫһ޲TΪֻйô֪ʲôط֮һڣ˴֪˶ٸ֣ɽٸֶڣѵΪܹ֮ù˵ñһһūѵ޲T׽Ըô
ʲô޲T׽Ҳһһ˿ʶһĶȥƬ֮ˣСӣȻҴȵطٷſңҴӦȥٽ⿪ӡˡ
һƣͷ󶨣ԴЦ޲TѵΪСҽˣԼɱȥλңҪҽҲǲԣôӦңſģȻҺɱȥ
һҪԼ޲T׽һܣû٣Ǳ뱻𣬲ҾӦ
һû뵽޲T׽ִţתͷһԶݼ棬ģ֪ʱ䲻࣬սپ
Ȼһ޲T׽ֵʱݼڿһϲĿһ׽ݵĽе鱦һ鱦֮أ֮ǿһһɱ֮ܽﶼõ֮л˭ҵĶ֣
˵ţݼһЦһ̧һץƾӡ޲T׽ץȥһ״ͷһһֳǽһץ޲T׽˫ӶһһѸնЩӡŽ֮Ѹٺˡ
ӣ鱦ɣ
ݼֶΣһӴָ̧һ㣬һռ֮ӿתһĽȻͣסһ˵ӰҲֹס
ռ֮
һüͷһ壬֪ݼʹ汾ˡΪܹƿصĿռ֮ӵ󷨿ռ֪ǿ˶١ۼݼԽԽӽһתʱֵһ޲T׽
޲T㵽״ӻǲӣǲӣݹҶˣ
ߣСӣٸҽ⿪ӡҪҲ顣
ãܺãȻִԲҾ֪ʲôкڣ
˵䣬һ̧һУһŲͼУԪעУͼֳһͬʱÿ¶һֽƾס
ʲô㾹Ȼнͼ޲T׽Ъ˹Ĵе㣬㵽Ҫʲô
ҪʲôϾ֪ˣȻ㲻Ϲ˳Ҿֻýĥȥˣ
һһ¶һ˿Цݣһ㽣ͼһͬʱ޲T׽ϵĽͼҲͬʱ𣬶ߺӦ޲T׽һ
ҪǿнĨȥֻʣ鱦ǣԼҲӲȥҴӦ㣬Ӧ㽫
ߣʱ䲻ˣ˾ûˣǰӦңһţ㲻ΪԱ˵һͷڣɵҿɲģҲȫĨȥʶһһ㱾ԴʶȻ
δ䣬һһץ޺׽һץͼ˲ߺһԭͽ޲T׽ʵʵĽͼ˲޲T׽ľĲҽС
ˣ㣬޲TŹ㣬ҪңܣҪ㣡


һ ո׽
Žͼһעеķӡ֮ʱ⻪ʢԭֻܷӡס޺׽ķӡʱʼʴ޲T׽ڲ
һ״ͷϲҲ޺׽һ˳Žͼͷӡ֮ʼʶ޲T׽ڲһУһɹɭȻɱ⳯ʶϯҪʶ顣
һٲǵĽʿɱһ𣬲ֵסɱʴǽɱ¾֮֮ɱ¾һ
нƬ̣һνƳһǰЩÿһɱ⣬⣬֮ᣬ˵ǷˣմȾһ㣬¶Ҫ߻ħʱڽͼķӡЩƲܷãֻҪСģܹɴȥ
ЩνָһҲ̫鷳ҵ޲T׽ķ򣬷Ƭ̣֪ٽƣڡ
Ĵ˴ʮ⣬ÿһռһ֮λ޲T׽ĺڡ໥ɣԳһ⣬ʮŵͽβûڡ
ǽһӰ𣬻һͨ쳹صħͷںʮŽ֮󣬺϶Ϊһ޲T׽顣
ûǰĵģǳѪЦ¸£СˣȻΪƾͼĥҵʶҲ̫Ϊˣʾȵľһ죬ˣǾǱؼյʱ򡣡
һһ㶣ǹһ˿Ц޲T㲻ƣʾ飬ҲµĽô򵥣żò˼䣬ƾŽͼպֻҪҵལͼĥҲǲܡ
޲T׽ŵҡҡͷСӣˮĸ֮ұ֪ƻΪȻԾƭңǾʹش˸ο˵Ķģ㾹Ȼ˴һжɲˡֻҪʶƣٽᣬһԽƿرı䲻˵޵У˼Ҳ⣬պٽͱһɼ鱦ָտɴ
һ޲T׽ſģȴûа㵣ģٺһЦȻηֻǵȥ
޲T׽һ֪սֱһӣ⳯һ֮ˮĸ֮СʱһҲ̧һУ֮ƪµȥһӲ޲T׽һƬ顣
޲T׽һеʲô㲻ὣ⣬̤롮˽
һЦһھͳԾδ̫磬滹оϲأɣ뻤
һ䣬һʨһʶ֮ɱһ⽫һסһͬ޲T׽뱼ȥ
㣬㾹Ȼһ鱦룬õ鱦ĻˣȻôֶΣΪܵóѣħܹ鱦ǱĲƷ챾ͽһͬɣʵķ
֮䣬޲T׽Ҳڽıʩչɱ¾µĽ֮ƪȻʧ֮ȴɷ⣬һûʱȫͬĵ·
һʱ䣬޲T׽Ŀը֮£һ벻òΪ˵ֵʼͣ½Ų֮¾Ȼˡ
޲T׽ЦһҪʴ뱦ķһһ޵ʶ뱦ֻͨʣ¾Ҳôױơ
һҵսһֻ·磬б֧֣Ҳ˿η塣Ҳ֪˶ʱ䣬޲T׽˶ٴΣһһǹһ˿Цݡ
ô£
޲T׽ǻħͷľ޴徹ȻڻɢԾĴһĿһתע⵽ԭ໥ӦʮŵΧ׷װȥƺմȾϱĹʡ
޲TŴûˬɣһοӮˣ
һȻһЦһ㣬ʮŵ⾹Ȼ£ÿһ֮ϾȻԼĽȻЩһոЩ׽
㾹ȻһʼƱ޲T׽ǿǼħ
һĿһУͷǵûɣѸٵһսΪնϧͬԼΪĽѸո⡣
Ȼɹ룬νеٰʮǲܽһ׽ո޲T׽ɹ²ո޲T׽ܳɹпıᣬԴ˻ɢΪһڡ
޲T׽ȻҲֲ֧סӴħСһһСץ׽ֱָһһһ֮սһ


һ ɣħ
ȴ˵һ޲T׽ʼ˴һǿ֮У䲻˵ǿȴһִ͸ռ˲Ϣ֮ڡ硯ϴ͸һ׶
ݼ֪Ǵʱ鱦ϢݳȥȻ֣֮ϵĴǰʱ˭ҾͲ֪ˡ
뵽ǰһţһ鱦һ˵ܼˡݼæһߣʼ޲硯ڴ˲֮뾫Ҳһ˽ȥ硯ԽأʱҲЩæ
ʱţ֮󣬰һǿ񱩵硯Ҳȶݼתȥֻһԭһһ룬ħֵϢȻħƬ̣˶϶ħϢ֮ŨѰᡮ֮ġħŴħͷ
ݼ״һ˾ˣ񣬾ȻΪԼܹħû뵽ħᣬҲҳɱ㣬Թĵõ鱦ˡ
ʱһ͵̧ͷԭ˫۾Ȼͨ죬Ѫֱ䣬ѤҲĹʣڴʱһд˽ܣħƥս
ʲôݼһôܣ㾹Ȼڣħᣬôܻʶѵħ
⻰һǿ񱩵Ϣ͵һͣһЦǹ𣺡ƥ˵ʲôأҲɱôˣҪ޲T׽ϧˣѾˡ
ɡֳڣɬħٴһ˻ƵЪ˹Ŀеˣң㲻ɵң׽׽ңһѪġ
һһ͵һ޲T׽һ˻Ȼֹ
˾ˣ˾ˣһǾȻҪ㷭ӳһ֪̽˭޺׽ˣ
˵ţһֽӶ£ԭħ޲T׽֮У޲T׽֮ϣŲоɵĽͼȻƮʧ
һУһ˫΢УĨĨ޲T׽Ľ棬ָһѪڳõڽ֮ϡһѪ޲T׽ϳѪƣȻʼһһ
ݼһĻֳȵɣ÷Сӣ㾹Ȼɽ飬ȻԼΪħ
һ֪ԷааһЦ˵ϢҲ޲T׽ƥȷʵʹֶΡⶼҪıȣ򲻸ұУǿħˡ
ݼԣֳһ˿ɵЩаˣѵΪӮϷ򲻳ɡ
ӮһЦҡҡͷˣҪĿɲӮ㣬ɱ㣡
ʱҲ˹æ޲硯ȴ֪ǰһ˲ģŭСҪ񣬿
˻û˵꣬һЦһȻһţεٶ֮ȿռ仹Ѹ٣û˻عѾǰ׽һӣһںڹƿնֱš
Ҫû뵽ͷһ䡰ôܣ㱻Сֻһһը촫ϿıѸը飬ֱֱϡ
ۼŷ۾Ҫܲסɾ飬ݼڸϵ̧һץǽץƣһֽ˾
һ֮£ѾѪ˿æߵ֮ٿһʱԹ滹ڲһ˿־塣
ȥɣѾħܹԸģֻý硯סҪңԶԸ
⻰ȻģȴҲֻһ¡ݼֱһеһȻҲ֪޲T׽϶ΪһһܹĶˡ
㻹Ǵõӣ˵ҲľһħٲɵˣٳɱҲû˸˵ʲôˡ
ߣƥè޺Ӽٴȱ»˳ǣȡ鱦ҲһܱסΨһԾǱȻǿ㲻ܶԸĵزųưɡ
ݼüͷ΢壬һûϷƣҪһԲ֪ħͷаɣ
˵䣬ݼȻ֣ȻǲӵĽ͵Ϯһȴ˿⣬һЦӶ޲T׽ͬħ潵ħɱݼ涷һ
һֱÿÿһײĲܹ硯˿֧ſͱƿ
̶ʮϢʱ䣬˾ͶϰУǲʤݼȴһȻȴȫޣֻƾҴ뵽֢״߻ħˣʱͷ


һ ݼҶ
˽սһһһն·Զ˥һ㣬Ȼֻƾͺݼƴһʤ
ݼ۲ãڴ⣬ͷһԭܲͨķ֮гһһҲ룬ʲôӶ׽ܲ˵ı
úã
ݼȻһЦȻ˷޵ĳпһҲһȥ׽ƣ˿ᣬֱֱ嵽һǰʮһͣ㿪һ
Сӣ־͹̫ѲŰϧû±ˣ
ݼЦһʮָһööɫӷǰ£˷һΧס
һƺķ˿񣬶Ƶ龹ȻҲ̧һӣ㽫׽һƬնȥ
žžž
ɫ鵯ƵըÿÿһƿһȭͷСĺڶ֣ڶ֮кȻ
һܲ˵ԽըԽ࣬ڶҲԽԽ֮࣬ǿ󵽽ⷽԲʮɵĳ̶ȡʱԭƺõĺڶֳӰ
ЩڶӰ£һնĽ⾹Ȼ׼ȷɱ׼ȷط֮ȴݼʡ˴
һҲƵĳɱݼͷϲȻֻһСƣ˳ȥֻҪһĵò࣬ٳ֣ʱһֵ
ݼǧȴһ㣬Ǿ޲T׽ӵеԪͲ÷òټϡ鱦֮д޵ԪԼһһԪ
ʱţʱȥۼһӻû˿ƣ룬·޾ݼɫҲѿǼȥ˵ֿ̲ס֣ЩסˡոնʱһӶ׽ĶҲһ䡣
ԭӦֱڵĽⶸȻһתȻһӦõķɱȥںڶ֮Ӱ£ǽ⾹Ȼתһ˼ߣϮݼš
ãȻָˣ
ݼʶı仯һĽѾ籩һÿһںڶӰ֮¶ʮֵ꣬ԭӦɵķʽһûĹ˲䣬λĽϣһ죬ݼ˱ûڱը֮С
һʱͣʱ˫ƺΪйɢ˳죬˸ǻ۵ĹâϵϢȴûиıͬı䣬·ܹ˵Ķһ㡣
ƥ򣬶лҷй޲TӰ죬¿ҲҪǴܣҿɲˣ
˵䣬һȻһЦ˫ĿǶڡ硯ˣ߾٣һնһѽֱ˶ȥ
ǰһȻһͷҲһöηӡһסͷһټɱܵľһģĹ⻪˭֪նϣֻһ𻨾ɢ
˾㵵Ŀ֮УһƲƲ죬һ䣺ϵˣٴգһڵѷֳѷ֮һϤϢһоʧһ֮С
һ֣ʴ䣬Խ̫ɽ϶Ծѡ
ԽǿװŵӺȵһôܳ˺أ
һԣһЦһ˲Խǰ˵ѱô
ԽΪԼٿԵֵƬ̣뵽ûеһ㱻һ۽һ뵽ǹһĹֵһ
ߣý³ϣݽĸˣʵǿҲһβݽɣ
һһ䣬Ҫֽɱˣʱһƿ֮գۼ䣬˾ò˳ݼ֮ǰõĽ֮⡣
֣
һüͷһ壬Ȼֻܿ쵽û뵽ô졣Щֱͷһ̷նɱԽ뷨𽣹Ҫƽȥ
˭֪ʱһӰӵ𣬾Ȼ谭˹˵ǰһſһߣòȻмˣ߾˫ƺǿƻֱһŶ
֮
һϵʩչֶΣҪֵһȴʮǿֻܹĵԪɷ֮һ޺׽֮еĽγһܡ
ģһֵܹһ죬ܻ飬һ죬һ⣬ֱֱһţ׷ɶ
ƾնһЦû뵽һССԪӤʿȻҪݼҶ϶֣¹̸ô鱦ݼҺ̫ɽһʧҾһʹ졣


һ ط
һʮͣһЩܲסһѪ˳׷ɰͣۼɵĿǰԳݼҶϵߣ֪һ֡
ǿؿڴʹæһ鵤ȵ㵽ʲôˣ÷֣Ȼĵ͵ϮԸң
ԣһЦëͷСӣ㶼֪Ȼ͸ҸݼҶֱã鱦ķϣҾ͸㣬ղֳ棬ݼ֮е棬óľǰ͵ϮҺΣ
ϣ
һͷһ£ڵ伮֮˵˵Ϣڽһǧ֮ǰ˵һֵܣԷƺϻ֮µͬĸһսǷ֮Ѳ
ʱǡ硯Ҳɢݼһһͬ˳
֮ʱЩǱϢȴûм滹ֵĳ֣ɫһ䣬ͷ޵û뵽ϷȻ﷭˴С˳Ȼֵܹѹƣ鱦¾Ͳðˡ
һţܿɵǰֵܶһܿ˶ƣ໥˵ͷһʧԭأһֱһǰһһԱߡǵĴ㾹ȻҪֵֻܳʱһ鱦ᵽ֡
ķβ֪ǵ˼Ҫ֪Ȼ˷񾳽磬νǮģ鱦ЩбǮڷиò׼鱦ë̲οϸġ
ϲģȻԶʳҲôӽݴ
ϣٷſɽһĵӣδûֲ˵㣬ٲסݹҳˡ
ϼһΪСС赲Ĵĥ𣬡
ֵĺȴȫȻںҪǳὫ鱦õֻҪ֣ǽɲˡ
˽һΧ룬һͶͬǻӶӡͬǣմնӡӦõ˵Ĵ߶֮£ĥһ㣬ѸĥȥһĻ屦⡣
һű͵ϮһЩƣٱ˺ʱоʱҪ뵽Щƻķ֣һӳȵס
ģѵҪʹһвɣˣˣǴȥˣһʲôù˼ɵģ
һһæĶ޲T׽ֵ֮Ѹٽͨӳ𵤹Ķʵ޲T׽Ҳֳ֮ƪ
һƪȴΪ޲T׽ޱɱ¾֮⣬ȾһѪ⣬˼ûʴ˼ɱµķ
һ򷨣һһȫעһ֮ȻҲ߽⣬ͷ͵Ϯնȥ
һȻһ֮նƶ˷ܡ⽣ϵȴòܿ
һܣԭܵķͳһ˿϶һȵľᣬ˴ݶƿƿһԶ嵽棬Ƭ̲ͣľͳڷȥ
һĻзֶһһ뵽鱦Ǿͻعһʩչֶγһ׷ȥ˼״֪ԼʧܣȴҲģŭҲȥ
һǰڶֽ׷ں󣬴ƺƾڡƬ̣һſڣǻɫĳڣȻûп֮ȴҲԼķţͷһһռڶ˹ȥ
Ѿħˣһд
⻰ٶȿķæ֣һŻϣۼǻ⻪һת㽫һųĺڶɡ
һһ취һϤС
ű䣬β֮
ֻһԹ⻪һתģϢһģһ֡
Сף
һ״ͷһϲҲС׼ָʾѸٳɹȥһҫ۽˶б仯Ƭ֮һ˲ͬɱȥ
һĻзֶһҲб𲻳һһҲа취һŹһ⻪˸ҲԳһ͸Ӱһ׷ȥֶǷеķ֮
ȴ˵һ֮Уһһ߷һЦСףڻָˣȻøԪӤΪϧոջָҪһٴιˡ


һ ɽм
⻪һתһֳһŮǸոճصС˭ˡСףһԭŨɱ֮һ˿
ĿԣСǰƮһ˿ΣһĿ⣬һˮҲԳᶨ֮⣺ԴӸһ𣬾ûаȹҲӰˣֻҪȥҾȥ
Ȼ򵥵һ仰һͬһ㣬ԭΪյ鶴һ϶һʱҲ֪˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷһá
ڶٯٯʱǺ׷ϵķȴô֪ȤһıæԼǰ
ԽԽĶݹ⣬һС񣬿ʼ׼ơͼú׷ʱ򣬶ϱһ⻪Ӱ˳
һһС׺ʩչβ֮ӰٲǷɶݣÿһӰɳûԶпռѷǰͬʱʧ
һȺּҲæɢ׷ȥûжԶӰٴηֿʮһСٴƿʧ
˵ֿԷֻԪ񣬵ֻԪҪٷֻɾͲһֶΣҪڸֲԭǿ׷ϵķס
һС׻ˣβ֮ʹãƬ̣쵽ԼӰ
һ־һɫÿһɫһϲڶڶڲõ󷨣
⻰ڸֶʱһĿҪƿӳȥ׼æƿռǰֻǹǣﲻûһһӰûС
ڴͬʱɫͬʱһ䣬ͬһɽٴƿռȥ
Ȼԣʶɨȥ̫ɽһӰ¶ֳֳ˴һȺһħ壬˷սˣԼ̫ɽһڶ࣬ȴҲ᧿Σ
һĻڷɫ䣬ȻܹԸһȴ˵ԼܹסһӡȻһֻ̫ɽ񣬵˭֪һĿ˭
ʱһҲǵĿӣһЦʶλ棬λ棬ĳԩ޳𣬽ǾȻ׷ɱңǹٱ񷴣ȰǸظңݹĳ档
⻰ڷɫʮѿû뵽ǧ꣬ȴһСвΪ֣Ȼ鱦ԻЩϣٿȴ˼֡
һɽһķ档ʱԶ̫ɽһʩչֶΣһն̫ɽò֪겼ĽơһĻɫʮѿƺ뵽ʲôֲĶ
˿ָɫԼͬһ˵һ䣬ɫҲ΢䣬ɵʵʦ֣ǿˣһô
϶ĵ˵ͷҲῴǰʩչҾ;Щֻ֣Ƿű鱦ϣûϳһȷɡ
϶Ļһ浹һæʵʦ֣Ȼˣ¿ô죿
ҡҡͷȻȷ£λȻϳǲܴ£֪Ϊ˱֣ˣ˵λ˵鱦òǡ
˵ͣס̾һʹһɫһ䡮ɽӣҶӦӣʹȥҲΪ֮ƿȥ
һĻԭЩɻķƺҲ뵽ЩʲôǱƽزļ棬ȻһҲ֣Ǿ͸
һʱ䣬ͷͬʱһѵһ̣ٿһˣԼе鱦Ϊۡ˺ɽŹɽǬɽȻ鱦ģҲ֪֣׷̾Ϣȥظɽȥˡ
ȴ˵̫ɽڣݼæϻȥ˭ֻ֪ˤһسϣ̫ɽ϶ٴ˲õĽ򿪣µˡ˴ʱҲһǱڱæžȻϣһ
Уǻ˵ȥˣæʵ
˼״æݵ棬Ҫӣһ̫ɽ汲½ƴˣȻ֪ȥ򡣡
⻰϶ʱ⾹Ȼһļмơһ뵽һǰȥűץסǾ͵ڰæһɫʮѿ
һͬʱ˵ͷ̧һУ̫ɽһһ⻪Уһ㡣
һĻ˾ֵ˵ʲôλı飬Ļæ˻ȥٲƿռ䣬ŷ׷ȥ


һһ 
ȴ˵ڣһڶ֣һֳһС׶˵Ӱô˴ȻһˣһС׶϶Գɻ֮ɫ
ôѵһϼһͶǵϳôȻߵһʣСü΢壬Ȼɨ̫ɽŻЩ⣬Чôãȴû뵽
ӦòֹˣЩϼһһΨҶôΪһЩӾͷŹõ鱦ĺûᣬӦΪԭ򡣡˵ţ˿޲T׽ٿɽһ˿һ
Сԣʱһ룬һ뵽ǽڣ֮ɲĽϣҲͷһһеԥҧҧһֱۣ˵İɣһȥȨ֮ơнĹǿΪֻҪպʵɣܹ
һԣתͷСף˵ͷ顣˵Ƕ˲ûʽԧˣͬʿ๲ôãһ˱㽫һ㴰ֽͱƣСʤ»飬鷳¶˶ҪҸطһ黳ˡ
̧һС׵ͷ˿һ΢΢һЦһѾǶǣҵĲʦʦԼһɺѰˣˣӦûʦ֪һҪܼ档
С׼һ⿪ĵ¶һ˿ƤЦݵû뵽˦ʦǵͽܣ㿴ʲô
˵䣬СһƬ⾰һСģһڵͣǿʲôĿǳ˭ˡ
һһЦһڴ˼䣬ʦĻӣ˵Ҫ裬Ҿ;ʦ𱾷ˣûʦĵܵأ
áʦ֣Сһ죬һŤȥӿռ
һǵһʽСģһ̬ҲȻĶȴƣ֪ʱǴʱһץСףƿţ˴ݶ𳯶Ͷȥ
תۼ䣬һС׾֮⡣ǰش󣬶ȴ㵵ķֲδ߶ݹ⾹ȻǶҲδ
СΪӳûôʲôط߾ߣ
һ䣬ֳϵǰͬǣ֮ǰ˲ֹʮǣȻһ˿˿ϡ
ɽٸ֣Ƕɽٸ֣Ƕɽ鱦
һһɵ֮⣬ΪϴʱȻҲ鱦Ҳһ鱦Ƕɽ֮鱦
Ҫ֪㶼鱦ҲŵȡͨӢĽУԼһͨ鱦һ鱦ʶǿȴΪûжȹܴﵽڴڣǳʱûҪʧȥԡ
ͨ鱦֮Ƕɽ鱦޺׽е͡鱦Ǹɽ֮˾ϴ˽֮鱦ʶǿ
ڴ֮ǾǱǴ˵еɼ鱦γɾͲ֪͵ͬһĴڣ֮󿰳ƾף鱦Ѿǿһ̶ȣʹ߲ǿ󣬿ܷʹΪһĴڡ
һ˵ͨ鱦ڷ֮µʹ鱦Ĳͬǿʹܹӽ񣬷ʹüԺɨû鱦ĴڡҲΪʲôһϣõ鱦ԭ
ڶɽ鱦ʹܷӷ񼶱Ӧʹ㣬֮£֮ǿɽٸһս
һϾȻЯ˶ɽ鱦ԭӳ죬شĸоȻ޴棬һ˿׺ݲҵ뷨ӿͷһϣǶ˵Ҫ
⻰صĺһҪȻǽŮһͬץȥϼӳʹ
һἰСףͷɱٴӿֽ̧С׵ߵڶ֮Ƕû취ץңѵΪǻץҲɣ
ԣ¸һЦ˻С㡯һΪõʲôǵ̫ɽһʦүɽ鱦̣Ҷ˳ҪʦץȥѵΪԼֵܹסʦүͷɣ
⻰һͷǳΪ֮Ҳ֪Щڵܡԭ˶֮⣬ʦֶα
ɽľؽ¥ڣ֮еĳĳǵɽһʦһ鱦ɽ󣬻ΪԵ֮еͬ鱦ֵܹɽٸ֡
һֱ鱦ʲôģûͼ̫ɽġֻ̡ȴûа˷ܡǶΪɱᱦʦеԵķŭ


һĶ ǽ
ڣ֮УٴֳǰĻһסĳֳ̣ģһǲм
ʱɨٴγ֣һԭϷʵıҲȾһ˿
ʦܣΪβңСӾȻһħ֪̫ɽһʦ֮µԤô޲T׽˼ǵ߸ڵԪףʦǧҪ˵㲻֪˽飿
һΣϷǳ˵ʦֺαżӵ޲T׽ȷʵǺ֪Ҹ֪ӲǱǣҲǱŵתҪȹ˽٣ҲǹؼеĹؼ
⻰ɨһ㶣֪ԼʦܲƢ꣬Ŀӣ޵ķʸϴһʵʦܺдԣ
ҡҡͷй¶ʦַҪֻ֪ܸĸ֣ǾǡǬ
Ǭ˵ǽŴУɨüͷ΢壬ʲʲôſڵˣҲӦ˵ʦֵһͬǺð죿
ҡҡͷʦ֣ʶǧ֪֪꣬һ㣬ѵΪڵ꽫¸㣬㻹ҽô
ɨ΢΢һЦ˵ͷҵƢһκпܵвڡҲ֮ǰҴӦʦ㲻˳֣ʦҲó֣Դ¿ҲӦó䶨ˡ
תͷ˿ɨߣǹһ˿ЦʦΪܹץô
ɨŵĵ˵ͷǴȴһʦԳҲҪЩСӦǵֵסˡ
ϹһЦãȻˣҶҪ֣ͿΣʦ֣֪죬һһ֮£˵Խ죬Խ˳Ӧأ
ɨҲǿ˼Ĵڣȴǿ͸룬ڸֵţҲ˭һˣĿͶһϡ
ȴ˵һС׶˱סǲϧʦ¡̡ԸԼͷνŭգŶ˳˷ŭǷŭ
һӽҴơ̡һӿռ򿪣С׵ȽȥɣԸˣȻشԶ߸߷ɡ
С׼״˵һһսϻһʵ̫߳࣬ʱԼϳҲֻ׸޷֮£ֻĶһһСģ׹ȥˡ
״ȻЦСӿûƣ˵׽ҲǶɽ鱦ǿȴǲȱȫʦ̫ԶͶҲһ·˵㣬С꾫Ҳ·һ
һͷ׼ʲôĻ͵̧ͷбѪɱ⣬ŭȵƥ˵˭·һ
⻹ǵһαСͷһŭһץһӣһͷ˳ÿһǿޱȣ·һڵĴһ
һĴ߶ӽնȥոմо㹻ǿ׳޲T׽ֵ˾ųɾŵ¾һҪ
Ƕɽټ̫ǿˣӲ
ҧһնƣĹֻܶȻ޺׽⽣ݡܹʹãٱһͬƿնȥ¸һ˲Ϣʮ֮⡣
ûһϢһɽѹʶһɨԭ֪ʲôʱѾһ̣һɳÿһٱ·һɽ
һһ֪ԼѾҪӱѾܣΨһİ취ֻӲһԼҲľ
һֳֽһץУɿһĨһǻѪֱڽϻһû޲T׽֮Сһһɹ޲T׽Ϊĳ˷ɢ֮һϢʧһ鶼Ѹɽʯ⣬Ϫˮ˲䣬ԭ绯ɭ޵һ㡣
СӣȻþѪħֱ뻢ıƤֱ
Ȼ룬ȴûаɣһƺһɱĲݡ
ڵһ䵽һͷϵʱһĽһһգǵɽķֱɢ
һٴ̧ͷ棬ʱѾһӨӨѪѪÿÿһ˸ɫͲ԰һ֣޲T׽Ϣ֮ǿһ֡
˭Խ


һ ɽˮ
һٴȻ̵ֵĹæһ
磬СӾȻѪιħҿҲøģͷ̽ȫɣʱüˡ
˵Ҳãֻ̫㣬˷֣˵û˳ˣɾͲˡ
ҲǣУǴ߶̽סӿħɵٶȣ֧ʱٸһʱҲûԡ
룬ͷá˼Ԧһߣʼ߶γɺɫڣһһҽ롣
һȻûǵĴ״Ҳ˴롣οöˣһһɾѪע޲T׽֮Уʱ׽һ乳ƵѪɫ⣬һγնȥ
һǺķѾѪ޲T׽ų޽ӽɽټ֮ۺɫᣬǰɫڵļ赲ãпѸٳնȥ
һ֮Ȼ˹Ҳһֳ̫ɽһش챾Դ֧֣ô򵥡
һ񽻻ͬʱ˵ͷɿ𷨾׹⾹ȻѸټһֻɫʣȻм汾ԴһϢԭܹնƺ׹Ľ֮У·̶ԭ͵ͷûкȻһʧȥ˸Ӧ
һĻһһ˵⻹ܹﵽǿ̵ʮֹأЩղס
һͣ¹ٴνһץٴδ߶ֻԭĻ翪ʼתȻٶȲ죬ȴڲϵӣʱһʶоͷųȻٵıʲôʳ
һæ֮Уһ˿˿Ϣ⡣æ̽ͨȴҲӰֱӿϡ֮ͫſһɵ˿߲ƣÿÿһ˲ʹϴһ˿

һȻʮϤǽܱ˼ʿգΪˡ֮ͫҲֻܹ۲쵽˺ͽĴڣҪɽתҲֻܿԼֱû߿ƽ
̾Ȼн֮Ȼ̫ɽһʦ̫˵ֶˡܹ˵ĴڣûһǼ򵥵Ҳ֪ǽĴڣұҲ޷ɽ⣬֪ˣǾɲˡ
˵䣬һһĶͷӰͷ㲻֮ͨͫҲԼһԼԴ֮Լд汾Դһ˺һ
Ҫ֪Դ֮棬һնɱĻģҲǿڼ汾Դг鱦Ĳ˵ʹһˣһ֮ǿνֺ룬Ǳѳ顣
һƬסԭһĽ֮ʱȴһʱе嶼֣֪ڻɵʱΪûн̱֮ѹҲô򵥶Ըġ
Ȼһոսѽ˲䣬翪ʼһɹɾѹĽϬӦÿԼȥȴѰͬͣ·һˮѹնȥȴǲ
ʵʵȴ𲻵ãһֻٴκķѾѪ߶޲T׽ֻǲۡһ򷨡ǡһ򷨡ͨӳ֣ʹúֶΣ಻ǽˣҪնȴûܳɹ
һһεĽˣһһεӿȻһ˸ֶΣûƷǵԽԽǿ
ģѪħɵӿͷоԼԭľѪʼиɺԵļ󣬾㲻̷ҩҲʼв֧һһ԰׵Ŀλڻ֮⣬ģɼϣɱ⣬ȴʵʩ
ۼǻ缴ѹҪӶֻʱ򲻽ǾѪתԪɷ֮ŷоɺԵüһΣһβɽˮС
ѵôˣܣ
һһȻ˿ͽ޲T׽֮еĽڣǿޱȵľԵޱȵĽֱӽӴ֮ҲоҪѡ
ʱһ׹С׾Ȼӽӿռ֮˳һ԰ףһ˫۱һֻ֣һ⻪һڣҪԼΪһʹࡣ


һ 
СһͷһůȻ֪ҲǱˮнٴȼϣ֮ۿǻ磬Сһͬӽһѳٴνˡ
һСΪȶǵЩεӣǹһ˿º͵Ц⡣С׼״ֵıͷȥҲ̲סתͷģûɷ羰Ļ磬±ɾҲȲϡ
ϿɲǶⷬ羰ܿһ֮šСŮ̬֮ͷʾ֮ٴοʼһּ˻硭
һ޲T׽С׻ס˺֮һһεĻ˻硣һĻУüͷһֵʱѾǵĹƣжС£Ǹǲ
˵ڻûңڣ´ȥ֪Զ˵ʱиǰǾ˴ˡ
ȳס磬ҿҲˣټһֱӰҲҹζࡣ
ԣüͷһ˵ͷҲãܸоԾԽԽãһ̫ɽһ֣Ͻһݼһһʱ͵ͬڶһ֣һδٶȹȥĻҲʹ˲١
˴Ҳһ˸ոִһλ磬ǾͿʼ֣ȻǷ֮У̣ǣƬһʼҵĹ
һС׶ͷһ֣ͻأֹҲţæһ򷨡ɽռϾ
ֻǰͼľ񼴱㷢һ򷨡зܹ޶ȵĽʡǵķȦҲϵѹ֮ԽԽСҲֻʱ⡣
ȴ˵ڣ֮УһĻɨԳһ˿Ц⣺ʦܣӣȡ޲T׽ұ㽻ʦܣĹӦܹ˽ʱɽ鱦֣ɽҲһսˡ
ɨһЦҪȥ˭֪ʱϺڵһп㲼õģ̣һУ
ɨֻǺǺһЦȲתҲش𣬾Ҫȥ
Ҳֻǵ˵ʦ֣һ֮ĶעûнѵҪô
⻰ɨ߲ת΢΢һЦѾǶˣû뵽ʦֵһ졣ˣ㷢쭣ȻҪҿǾͿһˡ
˵գɨߣ׼˵ʲôɫһ䣬ϵʦܣ⣬ѵ׼ĺ֣
ҲЦƬ̲ĵ˵ˣŤתŹ޷ŤתŽǣ޷ŤתҲų֣޷ȻΪ֮ʦ֣һǾĿţԼʹɣȥɣ
ɨһ㶣ƺҲ⻰е̾һˣˣȻԼȣĶѾˣܲʦֵΪһܱͿԼôɣ
ϼɨڷһЦֻʱ֮ľϿֳһССİӰ
ʱڷ߶һСֻǱСۼϾҪʤһɱҵõ鱦ʱһ˿Ƴͷ
Ȼǵҵˣסǣٽӻɱ
һ磬㳯Ǻڶȥ׼ںʼ䣬ԷŻߵʱǺڶȻ͵ԭһ˴ԽĺڶȻԲɴС
һĻɫһ䣬䲻˵ܿٺڶԽԽǿôĺڶǷ۷Ĵڣ˵Ǵʲôǿ
²׷׵ʱ򣬱һӴޱȵĹԽڶ˳֪⻹ģȻͷ
Ŀռ֮Ѿ⹬ԽռŪ÷ңҪƿȥȴǲܣֻܰˡת̵ֵסѸٷɿ
ûмȴׯµĹüͷ΢壬æȵߺˣȻҴɽţȥᣬϤ¾ȡ
⻰Ƭ̣֮дһԴŮڣڣҾͲˣҵģͷٽҵгˣ͹ֲˡ
ûͷԵһ仰оĪ뷢˵ûˣȴ֮бһ󻶺ԭ֪ҪȻ
һ䣬ӴĹֱҿ磬ԳһС
˼һĻƣݶԳϲ֮ɫϵˮĸ֮һһıŮ֮


һ Ԯ

һСͬʱǱΪһο׶༪٣û뵽ͷȻֽ򿪣ΪǴһ
һһӸ֮зɳһɫȹĿɰŮһõˮĸ
𵱳ʱ·˼꣬Ҳ֪ʲôôȻһСһȻ˺ڵΪֻһһһ統СŮһ㣬Ȼܲ˵ķֱ˽һС
ԼŮһͷЦû뵽겻ѾˣΪˡ
һĿ佱¶ЦݣھæŸһ˵⼸⺣ľ
ԭһ֮ΪڻЩȥ֮˳µĽˮĸΪˡ
ˮĸ֮Уͨ˺ܶܺͺôϱǱ֮飬ûƿо͸һֱӳڡ
֮ƾͨȫƿһˮĸ֮ǿֱ֣׷ɽˮ׼
ˣȻûո⺣ҲΪһĴڡڸɻУǲҵĹ̡
һǰ½أΪһһһصȥһ·ϣСѾͷ֪ת˶ӣŴڵڣֱƿռ˴
СѾͷĻ෴ǼƻƻϿɫʮֲÿȻǲ֪СѾͷȴóһǸһһæµˡգžԼſڣеƣԸһСѾͷܸ߾͸ߣܸ߾һץˡ
СѾͷ˵ʱڽһǰһСѾͷҲ롣濪Ƶ˵ĻëѾͷȻ谭ŻȥԼ̣򼴱ۺҲסڵŭ𡣡
˻һһСüͷΪɨͷһСȵϼһǺʲôᣬ˵һȥݹùѹǣ
⻰ɫЩ죬ǱΪǰˣȷһȻǸŮϵ
ǵȻıǺҲֱܹ壬һʵʵ塣֮ȻзŮǽԴûܹгദǿСףΪõ˴𰸡
ͷ뷨һ˲֪Ǵͷӵײܽߣһ򾡵ʱҲʼ׼
һɽͨˣ
ҡҡͷͨǼһ̫ˣһصˮĸ֮ͲϳһϡϵǲͷŪģǣ
˵䣬ûһסͷץͷһһΣȻһģȻǽģ
СѾͷһƤգգۣȴҲʹɽֻ̧һţǷɽʹܳȥֱȥ
ϷһΪһ˭֪ɽȻûϬĽȴһޱȳص·ǰĲһɽһ
һæ̵ֵֻ⽣ɼ鱦ͨķȻסˣȴסӣһӱҷɡ
治֪汻ײɻһ㶣ټ֪Եɡֻ׼ȻȫһЩҲֻԺãͬײʮɲͣ
һҪ˵һһʱȴɫ΢еСģ
ȻСԣˮĸ֮ҲúܶණΪʵǿҲҪһʱüһأһ̧һУԭƯڿеˮĸ̷ɵͷͨҲʱС
üͬʱ촫һһɱȴͷסڹ֮ϡ
ȴ͵ϮȻûˣоӣһСͨ죬ֱ۽еͷһҪ֪
˵䣬һͷ븱֮УȻԦѹȥ
Ȼһսݣûһ˼ԦǿսԵСоӴ֪Լˡ
Ϊڵķ֣ڼſڣлƿ˶ɽ鱦ž䣬һһԦ̣糯ˮĸѹ˹ȥ


һ 
Ϊ֮һɽ֮ⱾӦħףһգԭׯص֮⣬һͨը촫һׯϻĹһ鶯һŻɫײϢ
ÿÿһײɨƽһɽǶȱӳֽ½һ£ԭϵĶžҪһƬʯڡ
ʱǹ֮вʱһȣɫ֮ǲϵĺ˫ʽСѾͷϡ˰Σ˫ȴ˭ҲܽԷΡ
ȽСѾͷȻЩƣȴҲÿ͵ǺòһĥֶεĻᡣȴԽɫԽѿΪģΪѾе˱
ȻЩ˻ԸǵңΪ֣նɽ鱦֮¾ȻòһСѾͷǴȥЦ
Ͻ񣬶ʱ˰취ԭ˺Ȼ֮ȴ֧ţԼһתһ
һϷҪΪŻɣ
һ˶ĿŭȣԦ̴罭ӵ֮ǿԳһ
һûס֣ʱץʱظһһУС׽һ񣬶ٴٴν޲T׽߶
ֻǣƺѾǿ֮ĩָҲ࣬޲T׽ǿȴѾʢʱɡ
״˳һ±һʯһӲдվһ¡
ۼһҪӳ⼸һֵ˭֪ȴһͣС׶һۣжǽ֮ɫ
ֻɵĽ͵һȻ˿ǿ֮ʱɽûзųǻһ⽫˰һͳ֮⡣
״һ㶣ܿҪʲôáæ磬ƻб䣬СӻȻҪܣһ
ԭϱһĻὫƳ˿Խһ򾡡뵽һͿ͸ǵ뷨ͷӲġó
⡮ڡ͵֮жûжãΪ˶ɽ֮ʱ׼һǱٸյ˽٣Ȼó
ֻǱ̴֮ͨлõСܹһֲȴҲֻһɻѣһǼпˡ
ĳֲһӳĻᣬԽıĶ
Ȼȴǲ֪һôһɱﵣֻ׼ܡ˵Ҳ̰ͼıһϵ鱦һڵȴҪһֱ仯ϵһǵıǾһѡ
һʱ䣬ΪͬһҶԭȹ̵ĿռЩң˶ƿնߡֻһɱǰ׷ںæں׷ԭֵð˵ΣҲֳһӿж½һ
ڹ򲻸ˣʮ֮׷һûǶɱ֣ȴһааһЦСͻؽӿռ䣬ֳ޲T׽˻

治֪һָ֪Ҳ˿塣һȴӲƴһն浲סԾٶֱȥ
֣һҲſڱһ
ˮĸ֮дһõģһƵĿЦ֮Уˮĸ͵سѹȥԭ֧ŵɫʱǵͨ졣⻹㣬һŸϵƬ̵ļ϶
ˣ
û뵽ԼȻᱻƵȵزһȣһŨ³ֱ̣ıԪ
һڱԪ࣬Ҫް꣬³˲ͷһۡۼžҪлҲϧáԪһǽֶ޼ƴֶΣһʹóȻͬ졣
ԭԵϹ⻪ǣڤڤ֮гһӴԭһһʵĹֽС
ʱһĽˮĸƿգʮʮ̵ǹӲһɺ񣬵ҪȴЩв
űǸһĽмУˮĸȫǱֱǹֶʱ߽⡣ֵһԪۼ֣һס
ⴿı֮£ȻûбֱײײӲӲ֮ǿ˵Ҳ˼Ѫ
ǴôһֻһˣǾطһ̡


һ 
Ǳģ˵ĿЦһһѪҲһ˿ЦͷֻǿʼݼҽΪΪһиණ
һ׼ٴγֵʱڸӶ֮Ĵ֮ϣٴλ಻Ļ˻ס
νڻ֮Уһ̷鵤ָһԹĿһˮĸŭЩŭĿȼգһһѾ˻ҽ
һþɳƤŭ˱˻ʼʩʹˮĸҪٴͷҪһÿʱȴһݽ⽫ס
ΪʲôסҪΪ𣡡
ˣ
ðɣ˵˾ͷһɣ
˵һֽңңϣһЦƥ򣬽ˣĳǾϴɾӵŰɣ˵գתҪȥ
Сߣ£
ŭһһɻ֮ͳһȥ
ĳ߾ߣס
һһһԪͽɷ֮ע޲T׽֮Уһӳĵ⣬һ׹ƣڶɱڣǬŤתĵޱ߻Ȫ
Ľһáһ򷨡ֶλӳոӴɢ֮֮ͬʧԭء
һڣǸ̾һңңݣڣ߰ɣ
͵֣һЦһӸ֮һವһ±㱻븱֮ȥˡһ죬һɵĿռڶ֣оʧ
һȥƬ֮󣬻ںƽ˼ȴûһӰǿռ䶼Ϊˮĸٴοѷޱȣ޷׷١
ɫѿͬסΪ֣ƿضɽ鱦뼸Сǵûн£ˣ裬ʵȥ
ȥ
ŭһϴɱ⣬һܣƺѰʲô״ʱԼֵ뽫Щ͵նɱй¶
ˣͱЩϼһ֪ˣɱҲ޷ǻȥʦǣ˴һѣڸ»ǹ¡
⻰üͷ˵ͷһܹȡҲʦǰģҲòⱦû뵽·ɱһҰѾͷҪҲܹἸֳʹɣ
䣬ɱ˵ͳ֮зȥ
ڶȥ֮󣬷עļȻ˳֣Щд֮ǰΧһ²һսĸɸ֡Ϊ۵ǺƷƣӢĽ֮Ψһһûߵˡ
ûз쭽նɱʱȴһʧķ񣬿˵ʲôƬ֮һ˿ɫ֣˿籱ߡ
½뿪ãһɫХѩ֮Ŀ꣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬׼췽ȥȴһס
һһӺһŮӳǰǱ˽лصĪԼ˿ˡ
˳֣ѩ֪Ǹһϵǳͷ΢΢ݣȴֹ˵ͷҪȥ
ʦã֪ʦܵĪڵ
ѩסתͷĪѵ֪飿
ĪҡҡͷҲ֪֪ǰ;յһŵϢбʦܵϢһûǴҡ
ţѩüͷ΢壬ѾеĵõϢ֪һϢͥ˱ţҲǵһսĵ
Ī״Ҳѩ뷨̾һʦò̫࣬űǿӪҲֲһҲŽϵֽǣҲ֪²ԣʾǸˡ
ʱ˿Ҳæڵ㣬Ī˵ĲǿȲܣȿ񵽵ô˰ɣ
ѩڱȰ˵ͷӹ֮ԳһȻʣȴһȫ龰
ѩüͷ΢壬ĪĪʦ֣⹬
Ī̾һ⹬ƺʮ֮ǰݺ⺣ĶˮĸУȻ֪ʦˮĸʲôϵӦǰȫˡ
ˮĸ
ѩ֣ҪͷҲ˵Īͻ˿һȥĪĿһۣο˿Ｘ䣬Ҳһͬȥ


һİ Ļ
ȴ˵ԦˮĸƿնȥֻΪΪ㹻ȻǿᣬҪһοǺȴУ;תΣǺڡ
ˮĸһ֣ʱǺһˣɺΪ²ӰΪСħŮȥˣ˭֪ͻأ֣нȴƽһһ־͵ңֱȥʧڲ֮С
ȫ̳ˮĸ֮Ѿ˲ֹܣΪˮĸΧԪջˮĸŦ֮лؽƣֹһ˵ڣǸ죬ֵҪǱ붼ǧѡ
ھŲˮĸУˮĸ֮⣬֮жסǵһո壬¼ԪӤֵķ֮ڽŵ
ˮĸӴԴ;ԭиͻͽԭū۵Ҳӿֲ֮ˣʼ̤֮·
ʱˮĸԵһƫһȺʲôЩ֮ԭļԪӤֽʬϹ꣬ϴɳ˶Լ½弶ɷСȼˡ
ϴڵʦ֣˵ȥѰˣһȥʱ䣬ӦûʲôΣհɣ
ԣһЦʦܣ̫ˣʲôˣǿˮĸ˵ĵմӣ鱦ƿˮĸݺǺûһǶ֣½֮иƣԹ˵Ĵϻۣ򲻹Ҳӻġ
⻰Ҳ׷ΪȻС͹ȼ½֣ܹ˳İæԸǶľϽˮ಻
Ϊ壬ǱٽƻҲûô໨ӣ˵ǻǱǿոΪ֮鸽֮󣬵õĺôƴԵĹ鸽޶ġҲǵһѡ׵ԭڡ
˺һܹӳˮĸԴʹˮĸѸ׳ڽͳһǺ⺣顣Ϊ壬ȻΪ˵ãͳ滮ȴԶԶ㣬һҲûеóһ
۲ݵʱһˮĸ죬Ļµģ˻϶¶ϲɫ
ΪΪߣҲŵĵڶͽæٻˣǰȥӭӰɣǹ˴˻Щ鷳Ҳͽˡ
⻰Ҳ׷ȻϾǸһ꣬ҲټʶһֶΡʵֶΣǰݷѣһԽɽͷʮֻϲ
ϲصˮĸʱ򣬹ȻӰһȴһҰܣ·زһ㡣
Щ֪룬СѾͷΪһڣֱ˹ݣƤŮһ޷ֻٴε˵ҵ䣬ȥ֮С׺Ը֮һƧĹչء
һδսȻ濴ʮַ⣬Ȼƾһ֣֮ɽ鱦սǿ޲T׽ǽȫһ˲ǳ
ǿʣзŹӳ»ûдս꣬ûҲò˶١ʱ£⣬˵ûһãǽ͵ﶼأӽɢĵز
֮⣬ҪĻ޲T׽Ȼɣɽ鱦鼸𡣶Ϊħ޲T׽׶ѣǲȫպ췴γħԣǾԳֵ
ԣԭǿⰲ֮ĵһ¾ץһʱ˺׽顣
еǣƿˮĸ֮ԭˮĸ֮еԴ¶ʥҩʤЩʥҩһ˼ϣֻҪȫָûмʱǲˡ
νɽзһգǧꡣһչ˵ʱΪٵٷžҵı仯
½֮ϣڸȹ籾ԴҲûصñҪڽҿصɴ˴˵еȻ֮⣬ǶɽټĽʮ񼶱ĸĴ֮£̿ʼϯ½ء
֮ԣ̲ȡսսĲԣϯЩƫԶģûԱСɡЩûдɱӻСɸֵס̵ŵʸûУֱӱ̲
̶ʱ䣬̵õ˼Ǳ˺սʼģʴɡõɵĸּ֮
ˣ۽ƾ֮µѾвӪǧ꣬һ˴ɵĳ̶ȣϸ߶һϣֻܹ֮ƥС
£ɼٴ̣ԭֱķʼΪףһ˴Ϊݵ㣬ֱγ˺ħˡ
˵ĳڽҿһشٵĻħ壬ʼһ֮Уûܹӵõ
ȻЩǺ󻰣˵һĻعȻ͵֮ڴ½һ㣬ͬǺ⺣Ҳһķˡ


һľ ˮĸ
ǺУηġСħŮĵ죬һ׹ں֮⡣׹һ֮±㳯פطȥԭõĽƶȴû˿á
䵽һרŹŵӽ׵ĵϣ׹ҡһ䣬һòƽŮӣ߽򱦸֮бûг
һ֮󣬺һ˳Ծʧ¼Ȼһ֮ڣ򱦸Ȼƾʧ˻ǱǴӵ۵Ҳʧ
һ֣ʱгϹע˲̽бܳĵӣ½ϵ硣
ȥ¥յ򱦸¶һ˿ɣ̾һˡٲܴ£ֱȥˡ
ȻŹ֣վǵ֮з飬򱦸нԴ˸еź⣬Ҳ಻עټϰ֮һǺΧϢǽ͹ȥˡ
ԭھˮĸ֮ҺǺ⺣ɵԷʵԴһƽЭ飬˫ˮˮһˮĸֻǺճǶ˶ˮĸ뷨ЭȻ֮ǺΧʱиĦ
򱦸ʧ¼֮ʱ䣬һֻųƶ˵ͻһǺҲ⺣Χս˫սȴڲϵռЩɢ
Щɢԭ֮벻ʱ򶫺ͻأ֣֪ʹʲôֶΣܿͽɢձС
һ֮Щɢ۶ˣǹڡǷҩһӦȫҸǣЩոռɢȻûһ˶ߵģٴγֱ㶼ҳ϶Ȱٷ֮ٵҷӡ
ԭֵøɹģ̶һʱ䣬˴ļԪӤʿͷչǺΧж˵Ӱӡ
νֽס𣬸ɵĵ֮£˵Ϣһ֮һ˿ߡ˳֮ҵ˵һǺĵһƬԭһκ֮г˶˵š
еϢҲֹΪ֮вμӵ̫࣬޴ӼԲ۸Ҫ黹Ǵ޷ҵԷĴڡ˾ͬһ֮ȥӰǺ
֮󣬶˵Χƣ֮ǿԽԽ˿ֱֲһԳץסһ֮Ǵӵҵһ˿ӡǣŽҿ˶˵ʵĿԭνĶ˾Ȼˮĸ
ϢһʱǺԾǱΪСѾͷȻǡħŮȴδ죬ҪԸɻԶԶ㡣˭֪ˮĸѾڲ֪¶֣ҳ֮죬֮ݣӦ
ˮĸɴҿ֮󣬲գ׽ˮĸӵɾ⵽ϴ١ֵǱΪħŮ
ȴ˵գԭƽ˾ȴ֮ʱһׯϵĹͻأǸʵϿաһϵϵиŸַµġС֮
ӸԳһʹ߶գۼ䣬Ǹͬڵĵ븱֮УǸǿߣҲ׽ˮĸӵǺҲѡ
һеʱ򣬲ߴ⺣ڶҲڳֻǸо֮вͬľ޴ȴֹ뷨ƾһУƾʧ
²վʹǺĿúµ˴඼ֻӦһǾ̾ˮĸǿһڴˮĸ¼
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ĽڣЩ˴̾ջȥҲû˸˵ʲôֻܸɨǰѩСסԼ̣㡮©
ֻǲνС΢Ҳֲסͷǿʵѹ£ߴĴҲֻֻӡˮĸĲʳЩɢ
һƻһڱչ֮ǰ֪Сף֮ɡȥ󽫰ɣٻȻΪߣʵǿ꾭ӪǶԴͳǲõЩܱȡ
Чʵĺ֮£ſʼǰڻۡ²㹻֮󣬲ſʼʽӶᡣΪ˱ӶἤߣһΪ׼һˮܡļƲߡ
Ȼ̶깦ˮĸԽԽǿûзͶ⣬ĸѾѰɵˮ׼СͶֶ֮£ˮĸָ˼ֵٹ⡣


һ ƽᵤһ
ʱۣҴʱȥˮĸٲǵǰ壬Ϊ׵ȣ㵽㣬Ų㹬Ҷפµˮĸӡ
һգĵھŲ㣬ԭ˻Ǵ񣬶æµţѵҲˮĸ֮а
һ˿΢Ĳһƫ˸עⲻΪˮĸˣȴĸоһʱ䣬ԭ͵Ծһ˫۾תһȦһЦһݾʧԭء
ˮĸԶһСĹУ֮ϡʱͷһһܰ˼·Ƶҩռɵӡǻһ۾ܿΪгɣͻ𵤵ǰס
һһ⻪Сͬʱ֡ǽһȴ˵ƺ´𵤣ȡ͵£ҪΪƻ
֮Уһ𵤡Ƶʱǿǧѵġ˵ǣһʦȻƽ˦֣ؼʱȴûѺͳ
Ҳ˵ƽٵ鵤ҩٶ⹦ıʣ뽣Ͻ̵Ѱʦܹ
Ʊǿѳ֪֮ףڿڵһ֮¡ΪӽᵤɹʣڴԲʱ˽ʱ䣬˳˵ۺЩĹͬ£𵤼˳µ顣
ҲҪֳɫʱԽɫԽáһ˰ʱľ𵤡ȻȲʦȴҲʱ䡣
ڵգϵԽԽŨС׶ܹĿ֮һö˾ųɾţֻһ¾ɾͽΪ
˫һâߣһȣԭŨĵ˲һֻȻһ壬˿©ĸо
ˣСһЦȻǶ˵ĳ̶ȣֻСʿһͽݼ֮£Ȼоͬ
ƽתСæһ񣺡лʦĸʦΪƻ
áʦĸ֣С׵̷һƬϼԴһȷϹϵ֮Ȼɻ㡯ȴ˳ƺʦĸо뵽һͷνǼϲӡ
Сײͬʦ㡯֣ʮֿģĵ˵ͷʦܣˣȻʦҲ㣬Ҳ㲻ˣûжʦ档㿴ʦҿɸ׼°ɣԺʦȥ١ǸάǺ򣬻Ҫһͷġ
ȻʵҲ⻰˵һ塣Ϊʦ֪ʦСԣҲֻܵͷǽ˹
СΪʦĸȻҲ١ûһƿˮĸԴȴжֶΡȡëöݸƣҲ˵ãֻԸҲ֪òõϣ֮ʱԻ֪ˡ
ȻҲͿȴҲʣæưлʦĸֽСŪһ
ѽᣬҲͣСױʹȥƺ𵤡ʱһϢһˮĸ𣬱ΪСҲһ
ΪˮĸˮĸνָƣȻ֮ͻȻ֣ھŲ㣬ܿҵڡ
ãǵڵĹ
ɫһ䣬ٲһʧСԣʱ׷ʲôҲȥȻûж˵ֶΣϾ𵤣ҲæԦɽһڷȥ
ȺϵһչصĴ֮⣬һŨޱȵ֮籡ƽ𵤳ɣһǰСװһѿҲֵס
ô£̽鵽ôС׵Ϊ̽鵽Ҳȥһıչأֻܿѯʡ
ԣ˵ͷæʶ˽ȥոսȥһɸŨʶǿ󣬿¶ҪմȾŮħͷһ㡣
ʶԽԽ룬ڿһֻ֮ƺ޷ýˣŷ֣һһ֮ɫȴѪɫħƣϸһЩħ޲T׽֮ϵ·ʮơ
Ծ׼˻Сʱһұߵ۾ģȴѪɫͫף·ħͷһ㡣
ˣ
һ˵ţ֮ȴ˻ͬʱϱҲʮֹ죬ͬһЦǺͰ΢ЦȴǷЦ


һһ ͨħ
һĻ첻µزµҲһ̽ԵӦһʵôˣѵ߻ħô
һԣҡҡͷұ¶һ˿Цһŭݣӵ˵߻ħҲԶˡ
һͨм֪߻ħǺεȴڡħһ˶УΪߣʵǿΪԽ࣬ħԽǿʿһС߻ħΪ
ԾģһƺҪοұߵı飬׶ôͰ߾жôΰοǵûģСѾͷÿ޳
СѾͷʲôæһ䡰а취˵գҲһİοȰ˵ͷҲؾջʶȥˡ
ʶ˻СæѯʡֻСѾͷҲ˵ֻܺһ䡮߻ħˣа취ȥ
С׼ȥҲ֪ԼʲʲôתͷǽյĴţü΢΢һ壬Ȼ˵һ߻ħͷȴеһ˿Ծƺ߻ħ򵥵顣
Ƭ֮󣬱ٴηĳһɳĹӣϰ߲··̺֮һ㡣
ͨ
С׳һϵⱦǵˮĸѹˮĸġͨҿϢǷô򵥣ʵʵı壬ɼ鱦ͨ
ǣ
С׽㣬æҪͨħ
С׳һû뵽Ȼⱦһ뵽ΪһħҲٲ룬һͨ𣬶˻ƴŽ빬֮С
УһһŹģСͷһ¡һһͬݹ޲T׽һħƣʱ˼֡
һҲͬʱǣͨᵽʱ˼֣̾˿һ֣ͨ⻪һֱӴСзС
ñû뵽ôЩû㾹ȻǵңЩ굹ǶˡҪ鷳һΣѹһ°ɣ
˵䣬һ̧ͨ£ͨǼʲôһѻһͨ쳹صĹ⾰һסһǻŨѩһ㣬Ѹٻȥܿ죬չȥˮĸһɨա
СɫһϲͨȻһʹͷҲЩζֹ˵ʲô
ɢһĵ˵ͷǼᶨǷŭͲ졣ּ䳷ȥл⣬һʱ䣬ͨµĽ⿪ʼ
ϲħƺевʼֿƵѪֻһˮȹЩħȻǿڽ֮ȴҲֿסһ㣬һ
һܶʹ࣬Ƥ֮Ͳڻ£һȴƤ⣬ȡֲĶһֶĴʹÿÿʵĸо֪ԼʣΪһʣпħԼʱĽԼ
ʱһţҹͨĽ£һħƽֻʣ¶ͷһһָϸħơһħʮ̣·Խ˿ԣǽȥ
һ֪еٰʮĵħԴͷ޲T׽ⲻһνɾպħϣսǿǾ͸Գȥˡ
ͨҳħ
ͺһһ̧һץͨԭĽ˲仯𽣣ͷħƴȥ
һһ߶ܴͨﵽǿֶΣħ֮ȻͬѰֱֱħ֮ϣȴֺ
ħ֮дһҽУһɳƶŰеһ֪һУңҽ㣬վὫᣬ»ָ޲Tٹ⣡˵꣬һħƽȥʧ
һУһϲûһ˿ɣΪħʧ˲䣬оǶʲô֪޲T׽лֻ꣬ǽһħ֮ңлΪħڲص˵ѰҲ
ħһԭϢɢȻѳ飬ﵽԪӤڡС׻ƶеĿԼһʰ΢΢һЦҺˣ
⻰һȥȻûô󵨣æǽơݼʦ𡯣СԶԶϴº͵Цݣ·˹һ㡣
ͨƳħȻƽպĲһսһȻӲŰȴҲС׿С׵Ȱ˵£ȥ
ȥ֮ʱСһ⻹һ˿ǡһ˻һЦȥȥɫһ¶ͷħʧĵط̾һٴ붨ȥˡ


һ ƹ
һգˮĸھŲ㣬ˮĸϾۼˮĸ֮Уƹܾ񣬻ΪﵽԪӤ֮ϵĸ֡ƺƵȻϰˣǰʮ½ոϴԼ󣬰ɵҲ󣬿ɼΪ˵λҲǲ͡
ˮĸͷ´Ѿ࣬Ȼͳˮĸ߲ȫ⻹ǵһΡộǶʮɻֻǲǺ֣ԭˣڴ˼便Ҫʲôȴ
ܹܣǹǰĺˣһȫ߲㼯ᣬʲôϢôһԪӤĿƺǽΪǺһ
ԭԴС׽ˮĸʱƾһɵĹֶΣˮĸܹܵλãɵ˽ˮĸþټһµˣݼ֮£ĵλȻǷҡֱϡԪӤּҲĶ𾴵
ǻ켣̳֮ˣ׶ԷȻȴֻΪԼݺȨҲһƵģЩִһƬ·һ㡣
ԪӤѯʣ¶һʵЦݵԭܳϣҪһμᣬĳҲֻʧˣһֻǽ鰲ҴټˣԵȴû͸¶ҿ¾ҲӦǺ°ɣ
£֣ܳ·ʲô㲦һ㣬л˵һߣ뼸õԪӤָOO@@ʲô
΢΢һЦһУһ֪ſڿӺЩԴĸ֣
תͷȥǰһЦĿԼ״ǺһЦҲҿɲſڿӣչҵʱȻû˵ȴһЦ⡣ԹϲŭɫӣǺ
Ȼһһۡ״ԵõЦЦһһʮĬһĻͬʱ˵ĹУʱһȤ
ȴ˵ǰʮǿ빬еĺ֮֡ʹ߹һˣСṩطʩչھ£̸϶ôģҲֻ
ˮĸָٹ⣬ҲµͷҪˮĸ֮ռһλáֻΪˡǳʵǿ֮⣬ΣԶˣЩ⡣
һȺ˺Цһ½ոħź弶֣Ƴڡȥһ˵ˮĸصأڣֳɺͳ
⻰һȺ˼ԷǺ֣ǵλȻȶԷͣнǿΪĹѾٹ̣ȻҲ⡣
ټˮĸչˣ˼룬Ҳ˺ܶ룬ʹˮĸ½Щ仯궯Ϊ˱ҪЭЩ飬ԼƳҲò
ƳΪԼѹˣͷΪ⣬ʼǷһ˼һĻȻϲҲЩ仯Ȼ˵ȨԼķչҲԼĴ㡣һʱ䣬֮аӿһ
ڻƳһ˼ʽһͬΪ弶ֱʾԼĵʱˮĸŷһȻ˽
һΪԪӤڣƳ˼һתʱԼʲôطҲˣٺһЦֻǰʵ˴ιټ˼ᣬ˶룬ǺˣȻٳٲ
ΪԷСԱţ󴦷˭֪Ҳ˵ֻԴЦĿţ·ڿʲôŹһ㡣
һƳɫЩѿѵСԭˮĸ֮еˣУΣǺ֣պˮĸ滹ҪǣλֻԽԽߡӱסպҪϿ𡣡
뵽Ƴһˮĸ棬ִУطΪϾȻع棬ٳٲϽҪʹ㡣
˵䣬Ƴ̧һָһħɫƥ㽫ǺŲסֻ¶һĿǣɹЦݣ·ڿϷⱻĲһ
˰ҽȥŹ棡ƳȻоЩԾȴҲһԪӤʿָܷɽ
ʱǰס󣬹ɫ䣬ܲ˵ľͳſڱͷݣһˣƹӣƺȼˮĸҪ硣
һĻкˮĸĸ߲УĪĸоǱΧסĻƳϣŪֻ㶵վԭء


һ ̫Ϲ
ⱻƳ÷һԭʶ׷װݼ΢΢һЦֻǼһֱ̧㽫ǰƥ飬˻ֵ겻иǵĳǷλҲ˶񡣡
һĻ˳һ˵ΪߵĹҲһΪʵƾƿֶΣǱ֪һΪ
뵽һ𵤾ܶԸԪӤ֣󼰣ͷ˳Ծ֮⣬Ǹˣ˵һĴ죬ⲻ׳ˮĸȻһƬԻ͡
һĻɵӶܲ³ټˮĸչѸ٣СԣͲ²ˮĸĻһиˣһաڳŵĸ߲׷ײ²⣬һʮа˾žλˡ
˷׷ײ²ʱǻƳϲΡһˣǳҲͰˣһݲͬҲͳˮĸľʦһһӲʯͷ
Ǻĵط޳ɺ弶֣ƳҲоϵȨ֮£÷ҲˣҲںһ㣬ǰ·˻ô̲
⣬һһݲͣˮĸɭϣ˭ҲأдͣҲù˾Ƿʹ
⻰˵ùûʣҹŲᣬֲӣ󻹽鶪áֻһλݵĹɫһ䣬Ҫ˶Էֵݶ֡ȴһһֹס
λϴ˵ĲĳȷʵΥ˹档ܷ񽫹ֹǾ빬˳˵ɣ˵գ΢΢һЦһ˳ȥˮĸԺȥ
Ƭ֮󣬱ӰˮĸתС׺ˡ֪ͨСװһĵ˵ֶΣһЦһЦȻڵգǣڳԪӤϵĸ֣¾ҪԵһƬˡ
һһǺ˹ֱֱſ˹ȥһ˵ϣߺڳˣһο˰أ
˵һĻ²һĻʦ˳ԾһĻߺģ˺ˣƳڵĺֶе𺳡
Ҫ֪ʦҲֻĻһˮĸġȫһݣǾ͵ͬڷ֮Уһ֮ϵ̫ϻһĽɫһһ֮䣬Ǿر
֮Ҳæǰݼʦ𡣶ƣ˶ȻΪ΢ȴǹʦܣٰݼǺĶһݡ
һδ᱾һڱչؼʱټġ֮ԳٳٲΪ˴Ӱ˽ˮĸ״Լ֢ڡȻ̶ʱ䣬Ӽ˽㹻Ϣ¶ݣҲ⡣
˳ԾĿ֮УֵĴԼһɲȥǰɲλһס
Ŀ⽫·ɨһ飬ǹ𵭵Цݵλɻĳݣ˵ֻܸ֪һ䵱ġˡĳǿѯʱˡսλټ˵ĳ
˻һʱ۷׷סǶ֪ˡˮĸʹõţһ俪ߣеȻǾ޴ˡЩǼȶʵĵȴһټ˵Ŀġ
һվǰ곤Ͽڵ̫Ϲ֪ټĿĵΪ£
̫ϹţһҲݸĿ곤һۣһ۲֮У֪Ȼۻ軨ȴ黫һѯʣҸԼһ̫ϹţȻҪá
һ΢΢һЦһټǰȻҪ飬¹ϵˮĸĽ֮أֻڴ֮ǰĳҪһλ˲֪ʮش֮£
ʮش٣
ʣڳ˶ʱסЩвɢʿЩҲԼΪ𣬸ûʲôϵͳĴУ˵֪ʮһδٵ顣
ΪȴΪЩϢС⡮ʮ١Ļ곤ϣԼ⼸λĳɫһ䡣
곤һڵģæʵ̫Ϲˣ˵ʮشٿʮǰˮĸȫֿҲǳ
һҲæش𣬿˿ѿɫϴͷȻʮشٵͷʲôطáȻǲ֪Ǿ뷨μ黫ҲΪǿĹ˵ûܴǶɽ٣ǲģǾ͸ڻҰɣ


һ ͷ
곤ϣԼεĿ֮Уһ󷢴ȱĽ֪ʮٵ˵˳֮ڳɫʮѿֻı͸ӣţȻ˲ţб֮ǰĻƳϡ
һ߸棬ƳɡħԼ֮⣬ΣһͻȻ֣ǲš˼һվһһֿͨ־ķʽˣԹԼĵλ˵شٵ
뵽Ƴ֪ԼҪֺһѾתһԼعȥպòôһ׶Լ
ƳԽڶһһݵ̫Ϲ²̫Ϲ𣿡
һɫ³ţЦһͷȻվǾ͹ֲˡ
ͷζԸƳϣȴ΢ЦƳкβ˵޷
ƳϹ˹ֵ²̫֮Ϲ˺֪ʮٵ飬ܹ϶ʮټ٣֪ɱĳ֣ҵΪӦиоˮĸս׳һȴƽ˿ûм󣬻᲻ǴϢ󣿡
⻰һԭЩɵҲ׷˽һϺһȻȻҲ뵽һܽĿܡһʱ䣬ԭĵĴϿʼ
һԭľɲɫÿֻǵλߣȴҲ˵ˡԭӦ÷ŭһЦһԱߣƺʲôûпһ͸Щ˻ɵ뷨
һԶԵģƳͷ⣬Լ桯ǵˡһ˿ЦȴЩ
۵߳ʱһĿڵԭˣƳĳſڴƻưɣ
Ƴϱһ⣬ɫһ䣬ȻҪ桯ȴûҪͷֱһŶԡϾһʵ͵λ˵ôһˮĸֻҪһʾһ䲻һָͷܽ
뵽ֲ֮ͣȴһǺһЦϵȻƳϲţĳóһ֤ˡ
˵䣬һ֣һźںĶз˳ڵϡһŤ֮󣬻һιޣǵһԴ֮أ湬֮ո޻ʡ
ֻԴһո֮Ϊԭûбų޻ʣ弶㱻ӡʱ䡣
޻һ֣һҪ䣬ԽЩ걻ӡı˭֪ûڣһѾȷųһ⵱ͷѹһ⿴ͨȴһ޷ܵľҪڵĻ˻ȥ
ڳ˶ЩȻ޻ʵʲôڣϵϢȴеޱߵۻ֪࣬һ㡣ƺԼͽӽ¶ҪΪ
һƳһ⣬ָָ޻΢Ц֪ƳϿɼȴڣ
ƳЩԣʱһûи͵Ļᣬֻҡҡͷ̫Ϲ²ûмȴڡ
ûûҲһĵ˵ͷŵȻûҾ͸ǱǣǻȪޣÿÿʮشټ֮ʱȪ֮ˮ籾ԴǱոġ
áȪ籾Դȴʣԭʮشٸеɵٴ
ȪǴ˵еļһۻô˵ޱȣ˵֤ĻȪвĶ˵Ƴ˵̫ϹԹʵ˰ɡ
ԣǲ֪һרħޣǧ꣬˲֮ģΪʱҲûͷ޵Ϣۻ࣬ҿʮа˾ǻȪɵĶ
Ȼˣ̫Ϲ˵Ȫˮ籾ԴǾпˡˣǾֹԤףֱһʮش٣ѵôˮĸȫʢȲôȹȥ
ˮĸڶ߲۷׷ףǻɣǿ־壬һɲЦ⣬˿ǻƳϵ֪ƳϿɻĳſڴƻƣ
µ񣬻ƳҲһ뽫ͷһ뵽ԼɣΪĶͷǷ߷ߡ
һֻԪӤΪˮĸȻǿ󣬵֮⣬ǿıЩ弶֣һĶԼ֮£ǿӲףҡͷ²ֻ֪һж̫Ϲ˵ƾ²š
ˣ˫ĿģһҲûεıҪһЦƵһţȻˣ͸㿴ȷʵ֤ݣֻϣƳܹɱĴۡ


һ ɹ
ԳһЦҲǲȴ֮ͬˮһ㣬ӿ籡
УΪԪӤڣûб仯ϵƷǣԪӤڣԪӤԲһͻƵˮ׼Ȼٴǡ
һĻԭ԰Ϊǿһ̫Ϲĵĺɫһ䣬ٴθеûйķƮҡ֮Уæסŵֵס
ǿƣΪ弶֮곤ҲΪߵ곤ͷ̾һһʱ仯ƺıʲô
ΪֱһƵĻƳϣʱɫѿ˵ʵһ൱һֳѾԶԶһ뵽ǰǾ仰ͷ
һ˱۵ףǰһս֮⣬Ҳܿɹľ飬ȻһСʵȴһ̨ס׶ǿ˵ǰЩ־ûһĶ֡
ЦƳǻƳһ̧ۣһָ޻ͷϽ⣬ͺһҿ
䣬ǵǣֱֱ£޻ͷȥ޻ʱһѹסֲãֻŽƬ
˶û뵽һȻնףǸеǣ޻ʱնȻûаѪֻ˻һŨ̱ǵĺƮ
һĵ˵ͷ̧һУѸᣬгһУĺҲСȭͷСһҺƯڿС
˿һĻע⣬ʶ˾䱦һƷ䱦Ȼ
⻰ҲԾǲ֪뱦ĹϵһƷıȴ֪ԶĹҲǿû뵽һӼ
ܿ죬˵ĿתһҺ塣ΪǸоҺдζ·ҩһ㣬ڣҪȴǿǹ
Ȫ֮ˮ
곤ϲϼ޻һŵζ㽫Լ˵״ٽϷһ˵ʱǰⶫʲô
һǺһЦ곤˵ĲǻȪ֮ˮűС֪λˣ
⻰ڳгϺ͹£ŻǼŶͷѡģһ΢΢һЦһУ˻϶һڹȪ֮ˮУϵ֢״Ҳܿʧ
˼Լʱһ΢΢һЦŻƳϵˣƳϿɻʲô˵
Ƴԣɫͷ·ûнȪһѿ˸߸һһۣһ̫Ϲ˵ȷʵƾʵݣϤ޻˵𷣡
ãһһЦȻϷǱ㲻ˣƳϣн֮ĵһѪɣ
һѪƳɫһ䣬û뵽һȻôݣһھҪ޶һѪ
һѪΪ˸֤ҽոһͷնɱҪһѪΪôѵ㷴ˣԸˣ
Ƴһ㶣Ϊʲôһ˵ϣԼܹۡȻ𷣹أ˵ͨ
һϷʵٿΧֻĺ⣬֪һˡصġ١һ͵һţһ˸ŽѪ˳
һ״ĵ˵ͷסЩѪҲֱעǻȪ֮ˮСҺַһµֶںϣѻһε
･ΣĿм񣬵ȴûΪޡǣβ͵һⲡ˵ʲôģǾ
ΣһԥĽһƷ䱦ͶСһǣԭȻǿƺſһź
ⲣɻԸ鸽һȻʵ
ԣ˿ңٿһ뵽ױɱһĻԼһоɵٲԥæݵԸ鸽ϣݡ
һԣһЦãܺãѾɷһĴڣҲǻޣұΪˮĸϡ
Ȼʲôˮĸĵ׸оΥһĻٴߵݸл곤ϵָ˵档
һУһһˣʱǾη֪Լһǳɹˡ
ǻʱ䣬ôνص䡯شսƽˮĸȻɫҲֻǳɣʵǿȴڣԶ˵Ľɫֻݡ
žĿԼһ΢΢һЦҾͽټҵĿ˵һ°ɡ


һ 
һټˮĸ߲֮ԭæµˮĸӷæƽֻĸ߲ƵƵνǾͲö֪ˡ
ڻ֮ʮգݹˮĸ֮з𣬷ָƽǺΧǺڣߴ֮һĺ
⼸ݹٶȼ죬ʱںΧͣʱֳһСˡ
СףһȣȥһǺһֵֶΡ˵䣬һε𽣹ֱפڡ
һĻ۸ˣǴԼȴҪȥ򡣡
һԵСԲڿݸһЦתͷһĶݹ⣬ǹһ˿εЦ⣬·Ӷɷһ㡣
ʱһѾ˺㣬ԭŵӵĵ졣ʱݹ뽫סЩ߲Ϊĺӣһӣһɾ㽫ǴöᣬԼֱǰȥ
ŵڣ洫볤Ͼĵʱʱһ𵤵ӺʮԪӤӭ
Щ֮ҲһģƼҵĺǧϺͺư۶ˣֻǶƺûеǰ⣬˲١
Ǻˣ֪ʲôطôˣѵôһϿںȵ
һһЦʲôطȻ֪úصءҴ˴ǰȴģһˣǽұ㲻ǡ
ƽ˵ںϺ͵⻰Ҫִɱһ¶ԪӤڵΪҲеɵſʵˣʲôˣȻҵ
һָָ룬Ҫҵ˾ǹӣ
ʲôȻ̫ϳϣҿڳҲסһŭŷųֶγһ
һ״ȻһЦһָͷĵ˳潣ιڽ룬ЩϵιԹԵĳȥ
פص죬Ҳڿȥʱ򣬼ݹ˳δһȪˮƥӿ
ȻЩֶɲ赲һ֣һͣΣȻǹǰҸǼӰɣ뽫˵
ʱǼݹպǰԳΪһǵˮϣԪӤŮӣһǵӣһ硣
ˮϺӶϲһģȴһ۱㿴һݣˣ
һԵ˵ͷһˣ
һһͣһԵһ㵽׺ˣʶҲ㲻˱Źء
ˮˣӣѵϲôһǺһЦ̧һĨ˲仯Ǳ뺣ʱľ
ˮüͷһ壬ֱӾ㣬ľ𣡡
һ˵ͷңľȻңȴľԭһƭλ¡
һˮ֣ڿڵû뵽㾹ȻǸֻ걾Ȼۣʧˡ
һһ֪ˮԼΪ֪Լľж棬Ҳýֻͣ΢΢һЦ굹Ƕлˮһһ棬ˮͨһ֪ɷ񣿡
Ƣ꣬һƭǲ˵ȻڿҪӣһˣƭҵȲ˵棬ֱǳ룬Ҳ㹷ȣϳȥ
ӻ̧־ͷųһˮɫ⳯һ˹һ״ȻһЦҲֻǽһָ̧һУֱӽָ֮䣬ʹ̲ȥҲղ
ҪٷֶΣһɫ΢һ˿ϢϷųһֽĮ˵ӣһ͵ǵƭǵĵǸҸӲͣٳ־ݹһˡ
ȻԾһֶΣȴҲŶԷԼһ־ͳ̧֡־ͽˮɫƥų
ûƥһϣƥ֮ƫ֮硣
û뵽Լһִ羹ȻԼһʱɫŭȵ磬ʲô˼ѵҲҪ췴ɣ
ҡҡͷЩԹ־ĿһһۣתͷӺˮ˵ʦ壬ˮĸٴĻ֮ˡ


һ Ƽ
ʲôˮĸ
ڳˣɾӢӻˮˣ֪ˮĸʲôĴڣ⻰һڣ˵ĿⶼתһǳԾǿ־壬ȴǲš
磬˵ĵô£һССԪӤʿôˮĸĻ֮ˣ֪ģˮһĿ磬̼ҺµҪ¿ʡ
սһʰ뽫һƣֹճԡһԼֵ֮⣬˶֪һһӽԼ¶
һǺһЦʦǺȻϳˮĸһ˱ҡΪ˶ûϳû뵽ȴʦ㿴ѵѵá
ˮԻȻָһԭˮĸһҲ㣬ѹ֣ѹ˵ˮĸĻ֮ˣû뵽㾹ȻصôֻˮĸҺǾˮˮմҺ󵽵Ϊǲ˵ݹҲˮĸӣҪʡ
ңһȻһЦҡҡͷˮˣҲǰҡȻҸͼҲһ飬Ҳ㶯֣ˣ㽫һźϽӣػҡ
˵䣬һһзɳֱˮ˶ȥˮ̧һץ׾ٵ飬ûֱһɼǿľץסĸоæԪŽֹס
ֶΣˮͷһһʱֳɵ֮ɫٿ˿ڵ˵ͷãţ
ˮȥһ΢΢һЦʦ㣬ôЩ겻ȻԪӤպȻǰ;
ǻԪӤô˵Ҳ͵ǿˣʲô塣һȴͬڶиоԷ˵ÿһ䶼֪Ƽ·Զǰ;һ㡣
лʦѼԡ籾˵ʦܡ뵽վֻܻѡֳЩΣżѽǰҲѵãȻˮʦǰȥţػҪдʱ䣬ԱˮΣ
һƺںʦܡɡѡԴı飬վĨӣ˵ͷˣҪһʦȪֻȥȾƲ⺣֮ó졣
˵䣬һſһ磬һˮᣬһƬƾƯٺһЦһڰϣģֱƵƽˡ
þˮ
һĻкӺͳͬʱ뷨⡮Ϊơˮ֮еֶΣܹȴûжܴﵽһĳ̶ȣ֮Ѿˡ
һ̤Ϲ֮ѧԽ෴ԽڻͨˮĸմˮȻûзŹ©һеĿȻҪһֱԳˮĸ֧ĺչʾһƵĺô
統һԼˮĸǿˣϲʱǿһ֣ʱһѾʼʹֶΡֻҲ޷ֻܴ󷽷ĸȥȡˮʼһһ
һĻӵˮ˵кһֻ֣һ俴šȴ˼ǺƼҵļϣ໥֮˼񣬱һȻ뿪֪ʲôȥˡ
һһȺݹɹΪһӺݻŮӣʮ֣ˮСһڳеӳ϶˺һݺѡ
ϣӼϲһüͷ΢΢һ壬˵ˮĸʹһ
һԣŻţ˹ֵҾһˮĸʹΪһʹҿԣ
ͻȻǿƶʱЩϲԱһȵ󵨿ͽȻţˮĸҲˣǱһʲôǴɵɣ
ⳤ˵Ͷһ̧֣һɺзƾһޱȵĽ˳
λʵǳкԲڳ֮ʵǿ֣Ҳ΢΢ϲֻҲһһֶΣҲæֹ
ϲ֪ǵסǲ뵲Ҳûһ˳֣㣬Ŀ֮³һ˹ȥ
һ˼һʶһɨ˲㽫˵ı鿴壬סǵ˼뷨ȻһЦ̧һ㣬ͬһâָһ죬âײһ𣬾Ȼͬʱ
һĻڳӵɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺҲû뵽һô򵥾ƽ˺һ
ʱһһģֵλϺֶΣؾǺ̺ҵĺƼ˰ɣ


һ С
Ƽһ㶣һӵԼ˴Ѷ֪һ飬ԼƼĹڡԱӦñչ׼ͻƾͬӳĿıΪֹһĿġ
һΪɣ׼һɨӣȥ˭֪һסһϳݣһʱ䣬Ϊ۷ĸ֣ƽһΪ͵һְղ׼ĸо
Ƽ治Ϻ꣬ӲĲоģһһЦϷǺεݣͶҺ°ӣȻٻĳ֡Ҫ벻йݴǡ
һ׺ƼĹƣǼǰҲ꼸̫ʱգ֮£ȴû£ٺЦƳϺô磬ôƢ˵йݴ˱ݾߵ
ʲô㾹ҿڳԣϷǺϣ㵱һӣܵ񡣡
һϣ֪һֱԳˮĸ֧Ȼ֪Ǵ˶ٴˮĸֱʮǰ±һСҲǵĳѵԱݣͲݾߵô
⻰һڳкɫЩѿȻ⻰ЩԽҲܣűˮĸСһǳĳ
Ƽ濴һı飬һǵͨ죬쭣һ͵ŮƳϻ£λѼȻˮĸǰȷʵԽӴ
˵䣬۾Ǻǧĸֻһʱ䣬һǿƳһѹ˹֮ǿڵϲʹ֮ϡҿ˲ûиܵѹӣȻûʹȫ
һһֻͷûа㾪֣һֻϲĸоָоν֡ĸо
һӵҲȥÿһϵҲȻһݣ߳ʮʱ䲻˵ȴҲٽѹơߵʮƾȻƽɫ
üͷ̧𵱿һָûаεƾȻε壬¶鳯һȥ
һҲ΢΢һЦͷһתҲȻ仯ȻƻһɹɽһĴڣÿһôһöˮ飬ûһ䣬Ҳûһա
ǽޣ
Ȼǽޣ
ô˾ˮ
ȻˮĸǰǲһˮλЦô
΢΢ҡͷȻһ˵ʲôȻĵ˵ͷԭˣû뵽ˮĸ澹ȻλˣǾѹˣ
һͷһ㶣Ȼֵ֪Ҳˮĸĺ̨ǰҪոƤҲûʲô
ӴһϿʲôͷȷż֣֮䣬ͽ糱ˮһȥһеݱ仯Ҳæջơ
ˣһƴǽȻӲǿǿȶһǿһݣȴСһ
һ֮һֱȶȻƲ棬Ҳл棬΢΢һЦǺһ֣һȻԲ顣
ԣ¶һ˿ӺЦ¹ˣǺһӦˮĸ˲ǡ
ҲҲһ˰ֵʵȷʵǿ󣬵ĿȴǺһĵһԣǺһֻӵġ
΢΢һܿ⿴ƿĻһ˿Ȼ˼ĿڵȷʵˣǺôһ̲ˮȷʵֵˮĸһ֪ոǰǺεĿģ
˵ϣһ֪̽Ķ̽Ĳ࣬Ӧ˵ˡִ̧ӻһö׸ӵǰĿĺܼ򵥣ϣعˮĸ
ӽӹῴ桮һɫ֣Լ·ܸ١ʱͱɫһ⻰Ȼв²ȴҲ̲סһ䡮ʲô
һ΢΢һЦǺػˮĸĵһ˺ˮĸĵ伮ҩ䱦кķ֣λҲʶǼͨ鱦ˡǲ֪ǣ鱦ͻƿĹãֻҪع飬Ƴ㣬Ӧÿ˳ﵽ񣬶ԪӤڵĳϣҪҲ༸ϣɡ
Ҫ֪߲ṵ̂ɼ̰̰ӡһھôͻƿջ󲻿ν󡣱ǰһֱҪƻĺƳжð·ڼҵ˼ŵ׸ô졣
ɫҲЩһɵ˵¾ȻôôĪҺΪˮĸͳζڻң


һ ع
⻰ڳ϶ʱѹһȴҲɲ壬ٺһЦӹȻóԶˮĸҪͳζȷʵҪ֣Ϊˮĸ֧Ȼǵһ뵽ġ˵ڻңҲûҪ£ȻҪڻҡ󽫻Ϊڻңй鸽˶ڻҡǳΪڻңǳΪˮĸ֧ǾͲǾǼ֮ΪˡֻһӣԼλһ㣬ʮ쵽ˣ½ѾʼҪƽǲܵġشɱǶܾܶģҪɱɱ򼴱㲻ˮĸڻңȴҲҪΪشٵڻңѵ𣿡
һڣǵشٵ顣Ϊˮĸ֧ĺؼأ֪οֲʱڳг϶ٴ˼֮С
ΪӲò̬ѣ¹شҺȻˮĸ֧վѾԳһ²ˮĸȴЩǿˡ
Ƽæӹͷ˵ҪҺعˮĸǿѡˮĸֵ֮ʣֻҪǿṩ㹻ԴͺôҺΪã鸽֮¾ͲΣ
⻰ڳ೤϶׷׵ͷȻ˶꣬ҪػһţݵλǲԸġҲ𻰣һƺڲ²ĵߺڡ
˭֪һһķŵĺͰ͵ػɫһЦøǺôͿΪãΪĳԩͷɣúôרѵΪˮĸûнǵʵô
Ƽͻı仯Ҳһ𷽲һӵıȶ˿ûоȴףһ뵽һǱصʵͷһͻ
һƼɫ΢䣬һһҺ̣
һһҾڵ飬Ųֻû뵽ĳû˵ȴʨӴ󿪿ڡ˿ĳһⶼ׷ˣ֪ˣѡİ취֪ʲô
á֣ӶһʱǲǺΪħŮһĴڡһǰĲһҪȫոǺ³ǲ롣
ӲǺҲ̼ҵ档ڹ˽Ҫȫ֣λãЩƼҵĹĶǣЩˡ
üźƼ洦ƣٿͻȻǿƵһһҪѳĸоδ̬仯æڵл˵Ϣŭ¿Ժú顣
һòԹɫͿЩߣšĿ˺ƼһۣתͷӵȻˣҵú뺣һġ
ԣ˵ͷˣȥʦһˣ
һ˵ͷһЦǰĵʦȥˡ
ȥƼҲ֪⣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬һתȥ
ȴ˵һһ·ݹ⣬һֺĴϡ֮аڷһһȻˮĸĻԱ߽˵ȴһӺ缸ƵŮӡ
λѵǺ֮ˮˣһָָŮӻ
ӵ˵ͷĵ˵Ѻˮʦ棬ʦ潫Һ󣬶ҪعˮĸҲ˵иˡ
һ΢΢һЦӴȻ㲢֪ˮ˽
һ㶣һ˿ɻѵ֪
һ˵ͷˮĸľ˵˳ȻεõˮĸȻӹᣬҪˮĸˮ˵˵һ
⻰ӳƬ̣ŵ˵ѵѵ˼ǣҺ֮н컹ˮĸǧ˿Ƶϵ
һ΢΢һЦˣ֪ںػˮĸɻʲôҰô
ȻˣҺعˮĸȻûʲô⡣΢΢һЦһ˿λߵľֻΪȴ֪׼νӴҵȣ
⻰һ֪³˴룬Ĳ̸мˣ΢΢һЦȻعˮĸȻ¼ˮĸĵӵλͬȻӻ뷨ҿǡ
ԣ˵ͷһعˮĸʱžϸڣһЦĴʦ˳
˸ճһ˱æźƴϴƼӵԼֱŵ뿪űפأ⺣ȥ


һ һ
ü΢壬һɺɢô£ΪҪгţ
оӵ̺ʢŭһ˿һԵһŵƳϹĶӣ˵˵棬Ҫ͸ˮĸڻңȡô
ˣڱŭһ䣬ʮ֮ԺǽǱܿ磬ôһ½ԪӤֱӱˡ
Ϣŭһжȥľ΢΢һЦƳͷǣΪֵ
ҡҡͷҲҲΪֻҺһάȻΪһ֮˽ɷѣǿ벻̡ϢƬ̣ҽЩץִбŹ档
˵䣬Ӿʹݹȴһһǰ档
üʵѣʲô˼
һ˰ֵҲҪᣬĳȥѾҪˡ
ҪЩ⣺ӦûܳԶҾܵĺҶܽ׷οˮĸ棬ҺҪΪŻġ
һ֪ᣬЦŽ͵ĳ˵Ǵ⣬ǡǣ㿴ⲻô
ָָ̧ߣһһݹٽӽһ·ϸܹǿһڣֱֱ䵽ʦǰ

һӶݹֱ֮һǰһݹ֮Сס
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ˣӺͬʱһ
ףǣˣǺɣˣжǡ
˵䣬һüģһ⻪ɳˮĸһӰǺƼһڳϵӣΪ֮ǺƼ棬ӡֻʱѾûư֮ʮǱ
Щ˸ոձųΪлܣӵ棬˶ɥʧġΨкƼֻͬʱ֣׼סӵˣһ׼ͻƽٴߡ
ʱԾԾ׼ٴνãһʹһɫֶͣΡ
ӵݹһмתͷЩˣһ̧һӣˮƾᣬһˮģһƬءÿÿһ˴ˮģ̱һˮס
ΪʹߵĺƼҼݣҲصչˣУÿһзסһˣǺҲһ֮㱻ס
ץסӻϾͷϣ㾹ץңɻǵõ껤סĻҺƼˣԼɻǵã̺ҹ󣬻㲻ҪҺˣԸңɻĿ̼ȣ
ɫ΢΢ѿΪһŮܣλᱻ򵥵仰ŵһЦӣ˵úȷѱľ㣬Ҳǽع鱾ԴԶ״̬ᲢۡοЩƼΪı᱾λɻ٣һ׮׮һʤǵԼ㻹ܻ졣ˣ㻹ڤ粻飬ѵΪ治ɱ˲ɣ
˻һһɱԭ첻ͣڵӳϣæ죬ǺҲһ˽ͣ졣
һʱΣһ״һЦӲضŭȻڤ粻飬ҲǺӣҼΪˮĸӡ佫Ƕɱˣ罻Ҵãʱܻ֮ڣ򣬴֮µڻҴȱġ
ǰһ䣬˰һȻ󷢴ȱһȴһϣĴԨ˼ڻңܻĲܵڣֻһ
ģúݵģɫһ䣬
ģش٣һǵ˵ģȻҪģѵĲҪģƳߺߣĳ֪ʲôкĵġ
һ⻰תһ룬Ҳ֪õѡ񣬼򼴽ͶϵˮĸͶ״ܲʧŵӵģνһãôˣ˶һ
ȻˣǾʹɻعʽ֮ٽЩ˽Ѱɣ
ãããһãЦȻˣ粻˳٣׼һ£ڴˣһ԰ȥˮĸҲҹζࡣ
ӵ˵ͷܿټϣ£е׼áʱ֮һСȫ׼һЦ߶ˮĸԼеͨ壬͵һͽʧ
ϲųȥĶݹ⣬һС΢΢һЦ߰ɣһҿûô򵥣һ֡
СԣݸһЦЯֳһڷȥ


һһ ͼָ·
ǺȻֻ֥һطΪˮĸżĴڣǸܼ֮ءǺߴ⺣ʮʣзϵĴڣӵйɽٸִڡ
̶ֻ̼ʱ䣬ǺƲ˾ұ仯ˮĸΪʮǰͳʼٵֻǵֵĻʵʱЩŷԼûеֵ
̶̰ʱ䣬ĺ󣬵ڣѪϴ¥ǳħ˴˼һ㡣ͬʱʧĻˮĸƽƵĻ
ϢһСֲ²⣬еΪߴ׼ԿˮĸеĲ²ˮĸߴɱֻЩ²Ⲣû˾̫ãܿ˴𰸡
Ǿʱ䣬ԭʧߴ׷׳֣һȴԭǡǴžȻȫˮĸ
ЩСͬʱһ飬ǾҪˡһʱ䣬ǻңǾ֣ڴˮĸʽ֮¶ıģոߴ֮¿ʼ˶Ǻձࡣ
֮£ԭߴֵ⺣ĸﻹеֿ¾;Ϊˮĸµӡ
ˣˮĸ䣬Ǹ֣ͨʿĿ֮ԶԶ½һɵĲΣﵽһˮ׼
ĽȴˮĸͣŵĽŲһͳ֮ˮĸʼڶֵţĿʮǰˮĸΪΪֻгΪſܼᶫڴ֮µⱣ档ȻЩȴǺˡ
ȴ˵ˮĸ̲ǺʱһˮĸǰһȺ˾ڣѪϴ¥ķ񼶸֡һڽ𵤵ڶתڵͬʱҲ֪Լʵڡ
ûʹ鱦ƾһֽԺ޵УԲҲƴʤĸ֣ǾԲһߡ
ȻʹˡӷԪܹƷֶһվϷ硣Ҳˣнһ붼ÿÿԷ֣Գӳ֣һȫո
ڡ޲T׽ȴûʹáΪ˵衮֮ͨܣȴûȫΪħ֮󣬶ѾħһĴڣʱȴԼ
޲T׽뽣ħͬԴóȻʹ׽Ʊػǿħʱ³֣¼СͨҲԾȫ
һ뵽ʱͷӿħԣߴħƺҪ߶Լħһüͷ塣ÿÿʱòת̫ƪ͡䡯ŽѹסС׺ģȴǴû˵
Ľ飬ұΪԽ֮֮еʱĥ𣬵û뵽ȹ鱦Ȼ֮ҪѹƻɣҪȥȴԶԶǲܼΪֻ֮һΪƾʵ˷ýתתÿһתѣ٣ħ뷢Ȼһֻѡڶ취ˡ
˵䣬һ̾һȡһһ߼ĲоźһĽͼ
ͼУ˫۽棬Ѿо潣ı仯·𵱳ǿŤת֮׽Ѿеùˡ
ֻһ뵽ɵİȻˣȴ⽣ͼֻǳĵߣԼолиܣ⣬׽ĵڶ취
ŽͼϸϸĹۿֻͼ·ް㷴ӦȴϾʹ˷ʱһȥעԪɷ֮ʶ̽ȵȣֶζˣûаô
󣬿ƲһĲоһھʹֶΡ޲T׽ȡͷһĽעУһȣӣһ֣ǽ˽֮ġ֮ƪ¡ʩչ
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һ̫ƪ͡䡯ĵֱħѹƣͣͼǵȻڣҡ
һ⵽ʲô˼ƺûа㹥Ҳûһ㽣У·𡭡·һָ룬ָʾڡѵ
һƺ뵽ʲôԳһ˿ϲɫԥƬ̣ճˮĸȥ


һ һ
ˮĸУһĿһ˵ϴεһ߾Ǻü꣬һλȻҪߣ֪ʲôʱܻҪ߾ͰҲϣõߡ
ԭһͼõһ֮󣬾෬²ſ϶ĳָʾָĳйصĵصΪ˵õɵĴУӰ죬˵¡ֻû뵽ķӦȻϴӦ
ץԼϷŵģһͷһЦæȰֵˮĸչ׳֮ʱѾаţҲ˽ȥ˾͵ȺףЩⲻģ˵֮ǰƻṦһ񡣡
˭֪ԣһһ͹һ񣬴ˮĸߣͨﶼȥãҲʲôش١
һԣ̾һҡͷ֮֮ͫǰҲѡԼϾСͨ͡ˮĸ֣ȷʵﶼܴ֮֮֮ͫ²ô򵥣ﶼн
ŨˮĸԴ֮أܵõôô֮⣬ҲܵȵʱֽǾߡ
һΪΪˮĸĴˣȻдͬʱҲҪˮĸһش֮ĽνӦ֮˺Ӧ֮ˡһش֮УѾ붫ˮĸϵһ
Ǽᶫ֮֮һֿͬӵ겻ýѣùһʱٵټʱŸѶȹҲԭһſϻ˼ƣǺո󻹼ƻŸԶ
Ҫһߣһ޷֮£ֻðй¶Σգ˴м䣬Ҳ֮˵һ£Ȼɲ鲻ԸȻҲЩɵˡ
ǹ龫ЩɵĿһСһ۵㲻ҪС׽һߣƭɣ
⻰һ㽫һ˳СϷϼյĵСѾͷһֻۣתͷһʱȴЩɬԹ֮⡣
һҲǵĳһʱԼһʱһָսСȴЩûġһ뵱˾ĵεΣ˼һתǹһ˿Ц
ߣѾͷЩ뷨㾹ȻɵС׽㣬ƨɣ֪ʲô
˵䣬һƾҪæЦŶ㵽СУС׽ңҪˣ
С׷űһ仰˵ΣСѾͷһ˵㻹ңҲŲأ״æߺý㣬ý㡯ĲѣСŴӦס
һģС׵ѵõЦݣͷһȻһЦһֽСƨ£ŵСѾͷ龫һεòȥȻ˵㣬ξרųʱúһ㣬ʦҲϣһ˳ȥ棬˰ɣ
ǰһ䣬Сһһ䣬һӻƺһڸߺһã̫ˣȥʦȥ˳ȥ
СѾͷȥģһһ֡ϻοĸоٿСףȴһԹĿԼ
һ״ȻһЦѵ㲻Ըһȥô
СŤͷȥһһ˳ȥȥ
һʱ֢ᣬһЦͷյС׶ԣ촽΢һ仰еѵ㲻ҵļô
⻰Сŭȫһ˿ϼٴηһ·ƻһ㡣ƽһĶģκ״޶ˣʼٸߵһ̾ѣһԹЦ
һ֮󣬽ҽһСףԼһ˼Ԧһˮĸˮĸһ·ĿɽˮȻмֵ֮ģ
һգһڳϦ֮衣Ѳˣ±Ϊָߣȴǧ
һСʹһɫС׻ȻоԭΪƶɫ糺һݺϼ
ʱһǺһЦȡһöҪֻһľˮոյ룬˾ʱסǳʶζĿ⡣
ʲôƣȻ㴼Ϊǰȡ
СѾͷƿɲǳܹӦãһС֮ʱΪƿƴʯȴһڶûϣҺò״һƿˡƾ̫㻹СҪõĺá˵ţ˰֣Ҫȡ


һ 
⻰˵ãһ⻰ʱ£æһȡһ޷֮£ֻСѾͷȡȥ
һصȰٻ𣬳˾̺Ǭ֮⣬ǾƾһҲùľССһ˯ҹ
ԽԽúúȣһͺ˰׼ٵһʱСڲ˺ΣԼ̬֮
һǺһЦµصȰٻ𣬿Цǽ֪ù׷ɱҵĶˡ
òȰطҽͻס֮һٴλص¶̨֮ϣԭأɫѬѬ۵Сףǹһ˿Ц⡣
һǰСײע⣬һֳӯӯһյһƹС磬һѽ˶뻳С
Сûһţһֱ۳סһһ߾㣬Ҫʲô
ֻСȻѪһ壬ȵǧһֻĿ΢΢һЦһ˫۾ƵĶסԼûлشĻֻǻĽͷȥֱӵľֻһȭ
Ŀԣ·Կ͸ԷһСȻƽСײʩչΪһ壬Ȼ£ߵĴڡʱķųѪһ˿ĵĸоһҲаѳֲסĸо
ѳֲסѳֲס⣬˼
һ΢΢һЦٴ˵ľ룬һаȴС׶ߣǰδеᣬСףҪ㣡
򵥵һ仰·ǿħ䣬ŴһůϢС׶УĵֿԵ˼ư͵һС
Żм˵΢ŵĺǺĴһ΢΢һЦͷĿԣƬӣȥ
Ȼ˶ǳΣһþС֪֮һǣ·꣬ȡǰδеĿ⡣֣С׷΢ϼ·еĺϸһ˫˿ƣ·Ҫһǧٻء
һ΢΢һЦһ䡣СԥƬ̣С˵ͶһСһһЦͬʱ⳯ȥƬ̣һ㡭
ʫƣһֵǧ𣬻¥̨ϸϸǧԺҹ
ʱ̣ڶգһת֮ϣٳδѵСףͷȥǷɫ֮һǡʱС˿һ飬·һҹ飬ѾӺڻɴˮһ㡣
ˣСףҷֹ٣Ϊ˫޵ԭɣ
Сɫ΢죬˵ͷ
ȻˣΪѹˣô˶ϲ˫ޡպǾ˫ްɣ
Сɫ죬΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
̫ˣ㲻ǻôôۣҿ˰ɣ
Сɫ΢䣬ҡҡͷˣճڣһϵЦ⣬һڵϷԼһŤͷȥ
һ״һЦȻͬǶһҹ֮С״һֱû࣬οĵ˵ͷ
ʲôһٴЦˣҷ֮һڣȻʱѹסͷħ֪ôô
⻰СæתͷԴԺ˵һܱڣÿŮһֻһΣҪǡ
ʶʲôССȥһȴǺھ֮±ڵ˵һ뵽ȻܹʱѹħʱȤСĵĴߴټ䣬ʳڵ
ԭһһֻһˡõڵܹٶ֣аԪܹӵвʹ֮ȵôϹ֮ʱڶǼΪĴڡ
һУһкãʱĵľǽħͻƣʱôǿһжɻڣôҲ˵аħ˵ĿԴ󽵵ͣԸȹ٣ħֵĿܡ
Ҳ˵Ҫħԭ߽İ취⣬ðΪȻҲзڣȴ֮ǰľһࡣ
һ̾һԵСߵͨ죬ԼڶãҲһ˿Ц⡣
һ˿һĽŲһСһЦ֪һѾͷˡ


һ ʬʣܭ
һһΧǺһʱ䣬ʱǳɽˮ˳Щ̽飬ѹα֮顣
ڶط֮УǼǺڶຣ۱ǵĿĵ֮һ˵һ˺֮һ¸ĵһͰ𡣶һιʵΣ֣ջ
һС׺ǵõǻ׽ʬʡһʮһ˼ֻܣһټȴת
һûг֣С׻ֵ˼СС׽Ϊһ˫ޣΪҲ٣ڴԪӤڴﵽˮ׼ƾطҲֻĽʬʶһʤ
ȴ˵СԵó죬ǽʬȴƲѡΪ˼ɵĽʬȻǿȴûߵ䡣óС⣬һں棬⣬ֻǱסѣ֮زز
սһһҹʬʵĻʹ壬Сײ£һϳʬʻΪҪսһ˭֪һֻһһ̳ͽըѣ޻֮
ԵĲ𣬽ʬﻹаڣĲѡһɱȡ侫Ƶҩ뵽ϹʱһרʹʬĶšéɽʱ뵽ܹһηĽʬһܹʱڴˮĸսŽ֮
һɽˮѼ֮һһڻصˮĸ°һڻǵ֮աı飬һЦҡҡͷ󲻵òӲĳСףƿռȥ
ʮﺣ֮⣬һڶͻأ֣һС״˳˿ܻãһƬ󣬱˵̣ǻĵһ
Сɻı飬΢΢һЦӻͳǼͼоǵ⻹¶棬ֱֱָһ
ȻǱ
һ΢΢һЦоһ߰ɡٴС׽轣ռĿռ֮ڶһʮԾȥ
һδԾÿγֶ¿һνͼָǱֱҲ֪˶ԶһƬѩصǽŽʧ
ǱڣʿȺ̲ͳ貨šͼһ˿ѾʧһѰɵزأ²ò̽һϢͽ¶Ȼڶ಻㣬ֻٴɣ
˵ţСһЦͬʱһת⻪ű䡯̤͡ѩ޺ۡͬʱʩչǲĿΣϢŶı䡣
һһ󽣵׳СһŮȻȥǵգͬɰһЦͬʱݹ⳯ԭȥ
̲ԭ貨ͳΡȻ貨֮оĩλߣԼȴµһȻˮĸܹ˳貨ŽΪ̵ڶš
ԭ֮г֮⣬ǿϧıԭޡ˵Щʹ̲ԭΪ߾ۼڡΪ˵޵ϮԼ׵ȵȣ߱ڰԭ֮нǳء
Щǳ֮Уǿֱ貨ŵһʮǳءЩǳÿһǰ۳ǣ貨ǲԲǳ޹ǸֵңʮǳȴͬڱԭĶӣûе
һգʮ۳֮һܭ⣬һ󽣣ӵĺ˺һŮͻأֻ֡һĻǹ˻ǳǳûз֣·Ƕ˱һ
ǰɸߵĳǳأһЦһ૵Ϊ貨űŮͳΣӦøһЩû뾹Ȼǿ˹ҵСһ㣬ǱǷ֣϶鷳С
СԣһЦǧҪСŮŶ
һæͷǣǵСһЦȺ֮У·Ѱһܭ֮Сڽܭǵ˲䣬һоһ˿ʶɨٴ̽ȥȴоޣ·þһ
ֶΣȻǿ󣬵ȴܽ׾ȵزʶõĳ̶ȡǽõڣд¶оڡ
һһȻһЦµһ֣˼˿ƵʶƮƮȻĵ㶼벻֮С׶ûвһ˾˳ܭ֮С
һĿҪǴ̽Ϣ켣н꣬粻ǵĳһǾܵǷϢȥѰңЯСо֮Уȫ򿪣ͨͨͳͳͨһʱһϢӵԺ֮С


һ żϢ
ڴϣһȻ볣һ㣬ÿһԺдϢԺƣһ֣˶̲ԭһȽϸ˽⣬Եǰн緢¶һŵ˽⡣
û뵽̶̼ʱ䣬Ѿƽȵزɵˣħˣ̾Ȼ£Ϊ֮ƣ㵽ʱصġ񡯾Ȼڲڱû¶˵þһ˼Ĵڣ֪ħֿܹܲϼһǣϾѾĪ⣬»ֿܵס̵Ĺֻٲô򵥾ͽǴսʱˮĸڶչȵǴò࣬ˮĸѾ򣬵ʱȫ潵٣Ҳ༸ֱȫĻˡһһѳ֮ǵδȴ¼ǰҵԵС̫࣬οЩҲǲʣȻ»СС»ˣɢգ
뵽һЩȤȻСǸоı仯üһæѯһ㽫Լ֪Ϣ˵ˡѾչн綼УСҲÿ
˲Զһվָָǰһ¥΢΢һЦˣǽȥɣ
˿¥֮УһСӭЦӭλǰǰұ󣬲֪ǰҪףһӦȫ׼ǰ⡣
һǴ󺺣ԹĶһ˵ĳǰǴЩϢ˵㱱Ϣ֪ͨҲǣ
СԿ˿ңæյһǰСʵǰʵұĺ̨ŵ貨šԶĲ˵ⷽԲıԭȴûұ֪ģֻҪǰʯʲôϢеġ
һ֪ĺ̨п貨ţǰ̽ϢСֺãȻһЦһáϰöʯС˵͸·ɣõϢʯٲġ
С˼ʯ۷Ź⣬æʯͷĽһС׳ȥһңöԵ֮Ƭ̱һ𵤳ڵ˽
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ˣһǴ֪涨Ȼʯ٣һĻʱסǰ˵ݣһתЦԭλżˣ˾ͺ˵ˣұպõõһżϢڿ÷ϵѵҪ󡣡
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СЦȻһֽɫʱǱؿڣʯˣʱ̲סЦ
һ״ҲݸһЦ˵װ˽ʮʯĴӣһεģǮˣнʯˣȻ˲ͬ취ȴͨõģܹʡĴﵽĿģ
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һԣæȡһȻܶżص㣬һ֪⣬ǿȷʵʮطĿɵزڡ
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һ⣬ҲϲԼһɣһӾܵõüʯһ˾ҪߣסҲֻ͵ſڡ
ڱſڣһҪһԱ߲һ˿ĸоӿһͷ


һ ң̶
һ׼ȥס˵ʱһݹڴ룬ͬʱڣɷ˵ǰ潫ڵֵ
ԭȺʱʱһ׵ӰԳԭӵ˶ʱ
аǣȻҵˣ
һԱߴһæһ·õϢʱΪʲô񣬶ȴ֧ˡ
ԭνаǡ͡ҡָһ壬˵ǰѩԭ֮⣬貨ǿ֮һӵСаǡѪҡ
ֱǡаҡڡ͡ԽɡҡҶһ˴֮Уʵѩԭɵ֮УȻ貨Ϲ
ȻΪͬаҡǼƣΪѪ⣬ӵϹаǵѪÿһ֮ܳչȻȹµƸ
Ź治ͬΪУزѪ˼˿ԸԼ硣ֻʵǿƽֲ̤طƽʱ򲢲ǵʲô֮࣬ƫһҲܹܡ
ֻǽȴЩ֣ܭ貨ŹٿҲڴ˷շǵģȴЩԾ
ʱǶݹ֮߳һĿ˿ܣ΢΢һЦҰ£˵Ȳ谭ɱ⣡
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ʱݹɵǹ֮⣬¶һȺݺݺŮΪһŮΪζˣûгŮн綼Ƕһ
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һ棬ȴûǰϵĴ㣬ϾѾر𣬶СѾͷҲǵ̶Ʊ䣬˭Ҳ֪Էʲôò֪¼䣬ڽ
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ԣЦһͣһ˿һ
ԭ̶ڵңˣģͽȻҲǽ𵤣һСֵܹϱӵֶΣҽгץɣ
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״֪޷Σһԭ¶ΪſȻ˲䱬𵤵ƣ˵ͬʱһȡֱֱǴ˹ȥ
ҿݺһЦ˱ܣſڣ¶ҪǳֽĲȻڳӵ˲䣬ǾȻзֿСĻӰһһңԾĽǶȥ
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ֻȴûǳ˾ϣһֳֽ콣һַųһ⣬˲䣬ɫ֡


һ ־

һһ֪ŵʲôطоԾΪһϤصĽһӵеĽ
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ͷٴγ֮ǿֵ𵤸֡һλڱɫųʩչҪֵסһͷ
ֻһΣҿȱ仯һЦ̧һֱָ潣ٴα仯ٴɱ
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ҿһЦͷǾҪٴȥңֻԹͳޡֻǾʱԭ͵˵·ϣյʱ򣬾Ȼƾʧ
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ˣ˭ɵģȻ߱ӵаǣٽǸԣһó
ҿĿŰԸǼڳʲôķȡֻԭ˳УΪӵаǾȻͻأıȡ
һ뵽ʧȥаǣڼĵλһǧɣ˵ʲôӭȢ̣ΪĹؼӴƽƣҪἤҵұүλãΪˡһ뵽ﻹַܱȣ˶ʱЪ˹״
ֻ˭Ҳ֪˭飬Ҿ֪˭ģҲΪ̫ʢһشνкڳû˴ӦǸOO@@ļЦǵεδѪʳһ飬ʮ̶ִ
ãããȻǲϽǾͱֱӲˣҽҪ֪ҵϣ˰ҽ˶ץϼӿʡүһҪٻҵаǣ
һ䣬һʮʿӿЩһǽΪǿһԪӤ֡˿Ƿ׷׳Ǵϵȥ
̼״üͷһ壬ֹȴХԭֵھȻͬʱ顣
ԭͲҰԵԸǻȥʵʿ״ﻹϹԹ׷״̫ԵӰ׷׳˷ȥ
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ȥ¥յĽֵҿɫѿָֽͬԼѡʱһƮ
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ȴ˵ܭһֵĽ֮һһɫĶϸһⶫСаǡ
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ȷʵ˵аȻϹޣ̰ǺᣬѪ֮ǿǧ겻˥Ȼȳ̶ȣȻֶΣǱԴѪѪߣǼ֮оаǵĴڡ
һԣȻĵ˵ͷĿתǹһ˿Ц
ҵӵʲôֶΣҵǲȤСϲЩΪ⣬֪ɷһ
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ۼɵĿһټԾϢȴаǣʱ۾һƺ뵽ʲôҲˣͨһ¹ȥ
лǰ֮˼ԨżӵܡҷĿҪҶżնɱǰȣ˶˵Ϊ


һ ˼Ԩ
һŹڵصĶ˼Ԩǹһ˿Цݣ㲻ʹͨҲ׶Էʲô
żң˼Ԩһ徹Ȼн𵤸֡еɼĳ̶ȣϵɼ塣Ȼ㲻ʲôȴҲġһСС𵤣ɣԪתӦǷްɣȴӵһ־׷ɱ֮ӵٲ׽Ĺϵɣ
⻰ԭһģĶ˼Ԩһ˿ɫĳȻл䣬һҧͳһͶ
һ״һЦʵһ־ͽǶץСץ׼ջصʱǶȻʧһ֮һƴɫǰ
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һǰһܭһȦ˼ԨԾǣź뷨ƶֻǼ򵥴͸һߡ
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λǰ˵٣ҲܰұҶżҵѪ𡭡
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һһ䣬תͷǵڵأոշ鵤ʼָĶ˼ԨȻһЦһ֣һɫӿ˼Ԩڡ
˲䣬ǼץƤֱ۾ȻɼĳɫҲѸٻָ󣬱֮ǰĺЩ
˼Ԩ˹㶵ĿǺõ̶ʣֱۣܵһֱ¾ƾȻȬͷлѡ
ҲлңֻҪϢˣã˵ûٸôܸһĻᣬûãǾҵصĶľűǡ
˼Ԩһ˹ϵ˵һܭǾ뽫Ϣ貨ţ貨Ű𡣵յȻϢȥҪָ貨ȴʮãһͻأֵĸ֣һֿݵĸо
ŷҽһݣ㽫µľԵһԶ˵˳һҲ֪о״»żΪܵĹϵ
ش֮ʣԪˣ˷żű׷Ե˵õԶȹ١
ˮĸĴڣҲż֮Ĵڣֱʣɼ鱦ȻżȻԶԶ磬ҲѰһЩҲԪӤַ棬ǿһЩıǹʱ
жС֮͡żһ֡żѣҲĲ


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֮ǰһͼܵʱ򣬶żפصɽڣһصĶգżҽе˱˲ٺô
ǶżǾʲô鶼ûУܵõҵĽ־͹Ĳ㣬żҪⶴΪԼ׳ĸ
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ΪܭеԴϢ˭֪Ѱͽ貨ŰæǱ֡һʱ֣ͱնɱˡ
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Ѿͷʵˡ԰ľʶ̽飬û뵽һγһ㶼ûʮֹ졣
ףʦļʶΪѵϲԺεȽô
ѾͷϲӴñӡȷʵϵóΪϵóž֡ÿһǲַͬħһƺģֶΡý֣ʹֶҪݰɣ


һ 貨ƣҥ
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ȴ˵һߣһͬС׳ܭǣһ·ҷȥΪ˷ֹ貨Ÿַ֣ʹÿռͨʱҷΧڡ
ն˼Ԩ˵ҵɽڡֻԭһɽɽϾȻѿһڣѿھȻ״Ľһ޶
ɽɵزˣԼеʲôңһһУܹ׽ħ飬Ǿٺòˣ
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ԣһͷǰ
С׾һȻʶһϢĸӦȴҪǿ١
ǿн˺ںϵĴڣ
ǿĹ
Сһ˿ŭɫ֣Ȼϵ飬˶ԴʮַС
ԭˣǾѹܹôѪˣȻһͷаְ취һЩëȻ
һ˵ţһЦֻ񼶸ֵȴԥһ¡ϾʱܹӮһȴԸ
ʱоһʶԼϣСףƿռʧԭء
Ƭ֮ڶͻأԭأһһٶ߳˶һѰʲôȴʲôҲûҵ󲻵ֻٴοڶȥˡ
֮⣬һСٴγ֡Ŀزڣһͷ
ߣٻܭǣ
Сԣһ˿âȻһҪʲô˵ͷ˾Ȼԭ·ءǻصܭǲãȴ̶ֶ̰ղͷ˱仯
ԭߺ󲻹գһ˵Ϣֶߣ׷ɱżҵĻ˵Ϊһɱڡ
ڱص˵˵硡˵Ƕǰĳ£˵ĳһİɢ޵Ķŵ˵ϹԵ˵زء
ƽϢ˻Ҫ˼һһʱ䣬ƵƵ֣һҲûʲôˡҪ֪λһ˵ɱڵıأ̲ؾ˷ˡ
ټϴٽıͷңδĸ֣޶׷׳ĿľΪҵԵܹȹѡһΣһ󱦲س֣˷ӵ
ǳ֣Ѿһˣ
һȻɻ󵽵˭һҥȴʮ⣬ĻģֻҪñУȻоĲ˵ڻˮͳû棬ȴʮš
Ȼʱ䣬ӿ뱱ԭҵ壬Ȼţ貨ſٵһʮ۳Ҳͳפڡ
ֹգܭѾߣȻЩݬ룬ﵽһ̶ȣҲʹˡʱڳֳȺȥפظȥ


һһ ز
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һһ䣬΢΢һЦСһͬ߳ܭǣһǣƾʧ֮С
һ֮󣬸ظϸزصɽڡֻǿֻ֮ԶԶţܿʱƣԽԽǰ˵ͽʿ⣬ԪӤĸǰ
ѹ֮£ǿҲܼѹơ֮һ貨ţͬһɵĲںԽҲǰ͸Ҳò¿Ǽƻ
ڣڽ֮ҴϢ˵ű֮ʮΣգǵͽʿֻǾһΪϣҾԣ㹻ԱʿŽȥͬ򿪱أñ
ϢһԭΪ˶ʱͷֳ֡ڼܹͨԵʿ׷ҵĲԣЩˮĵͽʿ˶ȴʲôãֻܳ˶˶ȥ
ΪĲԣԸμӲԣֻͨнǧˣн𵤰˰ٶˣԪӤһٶˣͨԣȻ࣬ȴҲʮˣұĺҲ١
֮⣬Ϊţ貨ţڣԽȻҪһֻƺʮֿżأֻ˼ǰ
ʽʼصգƺǧҵĴ֮ǰɽصɽɽɽ룬ǻڡƻĺۼȻѾżһҴˡ
㣬һ˵Ҷ֮С˷赣Լ֮һϢİӰԾķЩΪԪӤ֣Լ֡Ϊǲ⵽ʲô
ⲻͨӰӰǷÿһӰǷɣܲȡò˥
ˣЩӰ񻹲ӰÿӰӶһԾĽУڻһһǧһУһ׾ԳΪеŵش֮ڴɵĴйĴڣ
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һʤ貨ǰĺֶΪľɸOO@@һǷҪ֡
˵硣̸۵˭µֱʱһȺ֮д
˴ֱʣѹҪɱˣֻ˵͵õ˺ôǽǻӰˣ
ȴ˵˻һԭЩҵˣתͷȥһʱ֮䣬ٴγΪʸ֮ġ˴δӵҴƢͲã⻰ɫ˲Ϳһ˫۾ŭ֮ȥȴվûҵˡ
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Ȼ޵󱲣ǾͰˣеվֱΪ֤˵㻰Ҿͽ֮ǰһڶ̽ĲҷñС˱˵лˡ
ҪܣĿ⣬ϾҵûҲ˵֪ܶһϢȻҪһ֪ĺá
׻һܣ·ǡܻˣϧûҵֻա
λҲˣһزżǽǰ£ҵѾ̽鵽㣬˴ǵһ㣬ΪǧڡһǧһʽУһ׽޴ϲýĵѾڴѧϰеҪﵽڶ㣬Ҳʮּ򵥣ֻҪѧһʽУܹͨжӦӰﵽڶ㡮¥ڶ㡮¥һΪƣһֽĽ¥ֻҪѧһнܽһ㡣ǧڲͬǣ¥лбֻҪѧûѧĽУܿһأõб˴ҲȡټٻǧȤĵѿƽ⡣
˵׶һ٣һۣ˫۷ŹģͷһЦ
Ϊҵĺôôõģǧڣ¥ǿصԿףֻÿһжѧܿıءλôöû򿪡˵ⱦǶɽټĸֻҪҵõıأʱ֮һɳ죬Ϊһ˴֮ǰĴڣʱЩһ㣬ֻҪ̫֣ҲΪǡ
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ЩȻҪͨҪȴߡܿԽɵĸּ֮һͨǵڶ
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ֻ֮ǰ˼ԨʹóΪΪһŷϵĽȻɣóȴ˼־ޣ˼Ӻͼ򵥡
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˲䣬һٴθоӰϵı仯ͬʱһĿռɼֻܹҪһʱȴϽ飬ǹҲͬʱɢ
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ԭˣҹȻǺöһһҪ˲ղŽޣ
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ˣȻϵܹǰЩɻ󣬵һСͬʱ϶ϵǡƭӡݡ
ϵǿƺеԼϷ𴩣һͨ죬ָһС׾ͽ
СѣŹϵǰǰѵձǰ˹ˣҪɣ


һ һ򷨡
һҲᣬšŹ֣ʱһ֪ա˵ɵģСΪβšȴɳ
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ԭˡĳ׾ûϳŭﰡ
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ԳϵƺûԸ⣬һƤЦȴǸС˼ǲںһҪʲô
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Сƺܲϵ߶һವһǧ֮Сһϵûߵ˼˹֣ԼųһҲС
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˵꣬ϵǧһܣһЦҲʩչ˾Ͷǧʧ
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һɽʯȥ
ʱһХŭ·˵Щϵûƭ˵ˡ


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˵ҲȷʵǻλҲصġֻȻﵽ磬ȴһȱ㣬ǾÿֻʹһΣλѾԻһαٲеڶΣԴҿԷȥƽʯ
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ʯļ̣һǸȻһЦܿͶʯƽ֮С
ʮ֮µʯ࣬һһѧϰеٶѾﵽһֲֿľ磬ǧƵĽǰתһʱƽһ㡣
վʮ֮ϵ˷ԾﾹȻȡߵʱոƽھŲһʯ
е٣ʮһʯˣ
˵ţһʮ㣬һʯһԺ֮һʽޱȵĽнԺ֮С


һ λһ
һʽӿʶԭǧŰپʮʽͬʱ׷ݻԱ仯˲Ϣ䣬һʶ㱻ЩмʽдڶལУȻ״ƴ
һ˿˿޵˺Ѹдʶ֮дһȴûаţǹһ˿ЦʼſķʽɷӡȻб仯ԽԽңɣӳʶ֮г澭֮С
ͬ壬Ѱ˶ɱ졣һὣɷ֮㾭壬෬޲T׽ĽӲ壬˵Ȼʹȴǲܡ
ʱţֽ֮еĽʼںϺ̲ļͬǿȵĽ໥ںϣǿĽ̲СĽܿ죬ԭɽֻʣŲƴҲʼںϵļ
Ȼˣ
ֺһ֮ģǧ仯ںΨһΪһЩ仯ԵɣԼǧڣ¥⡣
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һںΪһƥ֮ƵĽʧһϧͬʱҲΪп
ȻǽżǿżԿҲڲʱ͸Щ㹻ˣΪֻ֮ȡżȡٳ߸ͷһˣ
תͷ˿һԵϵСף˵ͷһ㽫ǧϵĽͬʱ
ԭΪƽʯȴûеõϢ׼ڼץʸʱһǧڣ¥ÿһӰѸʧ¥ףһֳ̳һ
˶ͣ˶ĿǴ󣬶ΪԾĻҡΪ¥ȥνĵ㣬һֶ򲻿ʯ⣬ʲôûС
һ⴫ǲȻԭ֮ǰ׼±ʯǰЦΪƽ¥ǧֵ֮ͨʯڣ⴫
ģ˭Ƥӵ½ǧں¥ͬʱȻԸȴһֲһǽıأﻹҵơֻ罫Ǿ貨ţںԽҲûа취ˡ
״Ϣʱ򣬱̲סǼ̳ȥЩ˶ɢޣ֮Ȼ࣬ҲõֻΪʵ̫ȻҪΪǿ
ɫдѿ貨ţڣԽɵ˶šΪţԴͷḻõżҲǽǰҪԶ˵ɢе̽ˡ
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ƺ֮ˮء鵶ˮˮٱֱǧߣ졭
һƪƪʫһУʱһޱȵӿͷΪЩʫϵãҲϵã˵ٶܵ
һƪһƪ⡭Ȼȫʫɵʫ䣬ûмм䣬ʫζʫɾдóѵ
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ĵʱһͨһȻϳʫһʫɡľ̾˳


һ ʫż
ʫǺεһ档ȲκţҲκμ壬һɢޡκŻǼ嶼˿
⣬öΪΨнʫߡڼ֮УΪϣʫ֮Ρ˽֮ʱ븹ʫʺ֮һһֵ鷢˹֮޲̾Īʫɡ
ʫɴһ˵ɡ֮ʱΪȺһɵķ񼶽޸սԼսɽ۾ʫɾʫ䣬УǷֱڽ¡
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֣һ˰Ⱥޣʫһȴش˵ƮȻȥٲ֮䡣˳ںӰ˳ɽ磬˳䱻ڴֽɱ²⣬ǸһдһԻõĽβ
ȻʫɣȴҲǴ˵еˡ˭֪ʱգżȻǰ
һʱ䣬һּ˷ܣ궯֮СȻڵʫʣû˿ߣʫɡ־Դﵽĳ̶ȡ
ʱһ⻪һֱûн貨ţڣԽɣĴǰ
ʫģЩɸֱɢǸ𾪡Ϊɣ伮ɢ޸ʫһ
ʫɣ˵еˣżȻż
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ȻһѶԼɢз˳ȥЩȻ󣬵ȴĴڣעֿռֱ֮ƿնȥһ㲶׽ĿܶûС
һżĻڶɢޣżȴһǼ˸ǰԼһ˶ȡزصĻҪС̫ˡ
ʱΪҵȶ׷׷ɢ֮䡣ɢ޽ʱٴοڡ
貨ţڣԽɵĸλżѾܳܵķΧһͬأ֪λΣ
⻰ԭΪҪռ¶һ˿⶯ԽɵһҡԳϳ׷ȥ
Ϲ˵ʵҵô
ԳϣѾҼ洫Ѷõͬ⣬Ըҹִ˱ء
ŶԭˣҲʶʱԽɱǵõʫɵĽ֮࣬ԽС
ԳϣԽɵ̰ģҲҪ䣬
Գϼ׽Ƥ߸ԼȻЩʫɵĽȴʮֿĶ㲻͵貨źͲڽ
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ۼĴһ¶⣬ɢ޿۾ˡνΪΪʳżԭԴȱɢڱ˳ʼĴǱ汼ȥ
˵ɢ֮Ҳк֣Ĵ޼ɢΪܹȺ֮ʿԵμ穣Խ׳һ
մĴɢסԮ죬ûɢ޵һϷ
֮еһСʹһɫȻٵһţҲǲڷȥϵҲ
˱ֳĶֻǽΪɢ֮вۣڷڣҲֻмʿǰ
׼һ˵ĵ˻û˵㲻֪ðһ⣬Ȼը˿СԱ߲ڵӻԮȣȴͬ⽫Ƿס
һͻʯǰ̺еʫʣȻһЦС׵˵ͷͬʱԪײȥ⻪һ˾ʧϵڶ֮󣬼ʧƺЩԾһģҲԪʧڱ֮С
ĴЩ˼顣ָܵͬʱĴ׷ɳ׷ҲȺͶʯ֮С


һ߰ ʫһ
ȴ˵һ˽ʯ֮бһãռ䣬Զ֮һǻģҪԶȥʱһ˳ǽͼоͼ⻪һ䵽ǰһɫ
СѵĺñȻ֪ϵų̲Ул
ϵǲһ粽Ͻ𽣣æкһһҲЩɻ󣬵ǽͼҲ֪Ȼ£Сһͬȥ
˸ո̤Ͻ𽣱㷢˴һֳƿյٶȳǻԷ򱼳۶ȥգۼ䣬ǱǻڣӭһööƾƯ֡
ʱ򣬽ƺһֻͼصȥˡһջעЩƯ֣Щַ׷˸ŹâųһȻֻǼ򵥵Ʈ䷢Ľ⣬ȴͬʱĸо
һԭ֪ЩʫУÿһֶһ׽ҲԾУ۲ÿһֱ仯ȴķ֣ԭû⣬ÿֵĽݻʹÿһʫ䶼һ׸µĽ
ѵ˵ЩֲǳؽĴڣ˵Щֱǽ
һԾĵó룬æΰθߣռ䡣ʱӳеٲһһ䣬һƪƪʫġ
ЩʫģввٶδţȻÿһ׶ʫΪΨʫܹ
һƪһ֮䱦ȴչԼǰһͷһ仯޳֮СŶʫɵľͷĬĬһʫ֮ǿԺ֮С
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׽һϲѡԽ֮·˵ͰԵ·ߵԵİԵ֮·һԾͨԽ࣬Խܹ֮·ߵԽԶҲԽǿ
ʫǿɣнݳʱԭһ֣ʼ໥ײûĦݳĽȻһ˿仯
ѵû
һһŶԽԣԽһʫײһ䡮ֱǧߡʫģԭ׻ɵĽȻٴϱ仯ΪһͬصĽ¶֮ǰ֮ϡ
Ȼ
һȻϲȴҲ֪һһѾļޡһ뵽Щʹûľϧ˿⻪ʫģҧҧھ춨ĵתʼ𽣷仯
һﱾ֮յǵеԼ΢֪ݳ籾ԴȻһĵֻǳԵĳ̶ȣݽȴԪ
ڵе֮£ԭӵĽµʫ䶼ü򵥣һʫѸٵϣײǻ۵Ļ𻨣ÿһʫ䶼Ϊһ׽Ǽ򵥣ǸӣǾ΢Ǵ󿪴أα仯ѾһΣӽ⽣ˮ׼
⻹ǵݵĽոսʫеĽɣƪʫҲʼ仯ԭѾʮµʫ佣ٴϱ仯ʹÿһƪʫжݳһ׽Щĳ̶Ѿﵽ˶⽣ÿһ׶⽣Ȫزн֮
һоеݿʼΪʫеĽھɵʱ׽·ͬʱһ㣬ٲƵķײһ
ûо죬ûоҵıըһеһжƽһֻһԼԺ֮Уһ򽣹һһҲǵʫս޲T׽һ

һҲϲĽгһ·֮оȹһȴͬƺڰǣΪָ˷гһմﵽһš˼޵Сǻ롣
һֻܸܵƣһѾܹ򼸷ֱ仯Ȼȫ򣬵Ѿ㣬ΪûأҲ϶Լƾһָ֮·ߵøԶǽħҲв
ʱٵͷٿƯʫġѾݳʫ֮нʱ˲ͬһƪƪʫȴֱģȲʫ䣬Ҳ֣Ҳǽһ⾳һ˼άһһֳѽͽĴڡ
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ĻԾû˵ȴһЦתͷϵ׶㣬ƺʲôЦĻ
С˵ʲôأʲô죬ʫأ˶ɱôɲҪˣ˵ЩˣŪЩأ
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ˣһ·βһе·һһɾϽһﵽ˵нֻгѡ˿ʫɶȻ׷Ѱ߾磬Žƪ¡Ϊú׽֮·ɣ
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һˣ⽥ȥɢʫģǽȡУüһһǿҵĽѸٻǻǽ֮Уһ
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һעˡ졯ֵʫƪ·˹һɨԭİ׷⻪һ볤ȻʫƪͶǡ졯֮ʧ
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һƪΪСʫԡǵõĽͼϵʫ䣺ԿϺӧ⹳˪ѩ
ʮɱһˣǧﲻСһʱûһһɱ־ȻֱͶȥʫ֮еġɱϡ
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ɱȴҲвͬʫ֮ɱΪ֮޲T֮ɱΪɱ¾ʹУѹֵʫһո޲T׽ˡ
һһУûбʫı㽥ȥһ㻯ǻɢȻϧ֪ԼѾ޷ȡʫƪԴҲΪˡ
ʫļɢʱһƿ֮ʮݹȺ˵Ĵ׷ûн𽣴ֻһ·ɱ
ƯֽʧĳĴĸֶһȻϲЩʲôʫɵż֮Уǲ˵ҲǺö
ֻЩˣһûпʫɵΪûһһ̤˽ܹ֮ƪȡʫģȡֻ˰׹
־ɢһŻԭʫĵ룬ȻͨһڵŻĴּ״ʱףһһƽһżõĺô
һʱ䣬˵ĿⶼͶˣ·ǶһҪһն𵱳


һ С׷
Ĵ֮УΪյġΪʫɵżǷ֣ҴһʼǾûҪָˡֱżʱβŽ֮ҲѾǵĵޡ
һһ֣֮ȻƤӵ½ȶߣʹ޳̶ȣ
ʱʿ֮һ˳Ŀһһۡ
߾˾Ȼ˽żյ±ɢ񼫣ӷȰٽõĶһԿһݹ飬ն
׼ɳ뼧硣ΪӵܣȻżеһΪȻҪҲڴ˴ȻŹûᣬչ¶һԼʵԱܹ˳С
һȻ֪뼧̵ĻԼǺεȻԷ⣬ƳеһжȻġ
նߣ
ǹһ˿Цݣٲ࿴һۣתͳŻȥ

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С
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籾ЦʧȥѪ֮û뵽䵽ԼͷϡıְҲ⣬һͷֱðЪ˹Ĵ
룡
һԵСһ̧һָһֱϣϻһģ
һ֣ԭԾһֶεٴγԾԴԼҲֵ
ˮȻˮ֮
˵֮貨ǰһһŮλԪӤ֮еŮϣ˳ϼӣнҲһŵ
˻һ˷׷׺ˣǶǴɸ֣֪𡯡ˮʲôһǼɵѣͬʱͬʱݣ֮ǿ
¾ʲôˣֶΣ֮ļԣ
貨гҲڣԻ׸貨֮ϼӽ˫޵¡˴˫ԣƺϻ֮һ˻Իһʹһֶ֮£ֶͬ¡
ʱ𿪿ڣϼҲɫĴǰԼ֮ڳϻļƣȻһţǾҪ֡
СһҪٴγ֣ȴһ΢΢һץס
Ҳæ֣
һСҡͷʾ⣬ת˹ϼӶһۣǹһ˿Ц⡣
λϣգȴ͸¶Ϊ貨ж޳Խ֮¾ʹ˷ŹΣȡı̽ҵܣ˫Ը£ɣ㿴Σ
⻰ϼӶЩԾһж޳Լ飬Щ֪δáʱһȴ
λϲҪ˺˵Ȼֶθ߳ƽһżȻ෨Ǿʹ˷ȥǻָⱦﻹ䵽ļ棬ҿӦþʹ˺²
˵֮ҵԪӤ֮һ磬ĵϵ游ò磬Ϊ貨Ļᣬû뵽һ˵רųȡѪطһοϷŹһǰȻȥ
⻰һЩҲ׷׿ڱʾͬԽԽͬԼһˣһ˿׺֮ɫ
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СױΪǣһòˣ绹Ҫ룬һ̧ƹһ˻һɫƥͳɱ˹ȥ
Сһɱͷ΢ȻҲûаܹԸˮһܳȡѪȴɵ١
Ϊ˷ֹһͻȻ֣ʹĺ󳾣ҲʹõаսȴֶΣȷųöλһķɲֽ룬𷨾׼һǿķ׼СƷ֮ʱһ
һЦҡҡͷռһѪ֮ооˣС׽йúá


һһ ˵
ȡֶονһ壬νйоأ̿һĵ䷶ĸҲëСУǲм
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һѵԭʵޱȵķ֣ȻɢֱһɢС׳ֻϢʱ䡣
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ʮͷаǴбɱСһȴûкˣǹһ˿ЦſһڰһͻһͷβӰǰ档
Ӱһ֣ԭ񱩵аǾȻʹǰ
С׼ȡͷһ֪ԼҲѴ̡ԪںѪһѪаϡ
һѪ֮ʮͷаαǣ˫Ѫ죬ƺ˷ŵĵӣȻųβӰȥ
βӰԭŵվȺǣһȺаǾȻ˽λĲҶ֣ʱŭ
ౡ
һβӰ뷢ţβϣ𡯡ľˮ𡯡硯סáڤĹ⻪ֱ
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壬Ǵ˵еľβѪ
ϼӼʶ㣬һϳС׵ݡֻһ仰Ȼ⿪˵ɻȴûܽ˵ľ
СҲԼݱ¶ջӰһָüġ
ء
һǺһɫ˿ߴڷɳһͷͷӰûչ¶ǣٴλ˿߱Сһȥ
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ԭޱȣϴԼ϶ӵһͬħһ㣬ֵӶȥ
ȻС׶ϣӵõһҽдڵаѪ׷ױСȥ
һУСҲ˵¶һ˿ЦԭԴˮĸһ֮󣬲Ǿ֮£ϣû֣һֱһͷŰͷϷйʱ첻ѡ
СĻصߣһҲ֣΢΢һЦ
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⵭һ仰УȴżѹȣϾСһչ¶Ѿѹһûг֣˵ǹȣԵøĪϵһʱ֮䣬Ĭ֮С
һ״˫΢΢һУ˵ͷûйƵһ䡮ȻλĬҾ͵ĬˡǵȻһЦתͳŻȥһתۣ˾ʧŻ֮С
֣ԼҵĲбܽ㿴ţþöûҳŻ̤һڵԪӤε˵һ䣺ʱҪȥλ㡱ȥԽɺǲӵҲȺȥ
ϼϣ㿴δã
ʵ̫ǿЩֵܹҿҲظţиðɣ
Ҳ֪λϾ貨ڵӣ˾˿Ż⣬Ҳ׷׸˻ȥ
Լ̵ݣŻ顣ȴҪλҲ޷ֻ
ڶͬȥ֧ʹʦȥԱ߲̽ԼŻЩ
һ񣬾ȻϤ˵貨ж޳ѵ˵磿ҿɲԸ⣬һҪȥǲ硣
˵Իָֻ˼ֵ굨СѾͷģʦûûطصص˵ͷһݣ㳯Ż˹ȥ
һŻһɾ㴫ĸɫƺ̳Ʊѡǣÿһ֮ж˾ˮǴЩˮ֮Ʈ


һ˶ ƵѪ
̱ǰһоЩˣٻһܣȽ˼һڶƾߵ룬Χһˮơ˼̽һǹһ˿Ц
һʫɣһʫʫơȴдա̶ȻˣҲãСƹпڷˣ
磬ô
һ㶣ű仯ģһЩš
СѾͷǳˣȻҲˣ㿴⻹ô
˵䣬һһĨɢȥṳ̋޺۵ֶΣģϢָ˱Ŀ
磡
ȷţһ˿Цݣڸ˿һʦ׵һߣ˻ָ˵СѾͷ
磬˵ͬţɽţǰӵȥôôֳ
æɵԣƵѯ
ѾͷԭΪˣû뵽ǵððʧʧģȻֱ֪ƣǱһһ߸˵˵ǡ
̵䱻һĪ˴СƹֻЩ겻ˣһ춼ǺþƣϷŹšһ£ץһƺͺ
һЦһСƹҲϵڳ㽫Դ֮غԼ²ƣˣԼ˵һ
оմ̾ȻĴЩڸ֣Ϊϲ𣬻Զ٣ɫѬѬģʮֿɰ
ڼ׷ڵһˮĸӹ̸ֻԼһǺĵطš
ʱѾ֮ҲƺãһֱװɵϵǺ֣¶һ˿ıѸ
ˣҿСѾͷƺЩ֪ô£Ը˵˵
һȻڳüĿ֮ȴЩԾ㿪ѯʵ
˭֪Ҳգһʣʱ˼⼸ıʲôǿбչأʲôʲôʦʡľǼ澹ȻӵܽȡҵаѪ
⻰һһܰѪСܹѪһطһʤ̭ıܡ
Ҫ˵ͨ˫ޣöԷѪ׳ֶΣȴûɻĿСףСҲҡҡͷȻҲ¡
ʱһֱѵϵڿ˿ڡ
ϵҿ֪Եɣ
ŶȻ֪֪ɷһ£
СҪ֪ȻԸ㣬ϵ֪Ҳǵ;˵׼ǲԣɲҪϵ˵
ǫˣο֮¶ٲǵ;˵˵ǡ
ˣҾ˵ˡ˻ȴҪϹʱ˵𣬵ʱΪСгɣֶ֮ΡȻȴûеǾǿѪбһλǿߣھܹϵõѪʮʮķӳͨŮӣŮ˫ޣõƥճΪͳ巢չ׳ʹԵʷ̨֮λ߷ȥ֮ȴþĴ˵֮ΪƵۣഫϱǵһ
˵ϵȻֹļ̣ǹһ˿ĪЦݡܿ죬һ˿ЦݾͻЦ̧һ̳ƾͺ
һ¶һ˿ԾȻϵ̫أ˵֮ȫţһ뵽һСѾͷȻ߹ѪʱͲݸһЦ
Ƶۣԯ
СⷬԳһ˿ã૵
Сףʲôˣѵм֮лƵ۵Ϣɣ
ûУֻԼԼо⼸ڶ߻죬·ΪҪӡ
ΪҪ
һüͷ΢壬ȻЩС׵ı֣ȴΪΪʼĲϲҲûзϡ
˿һ԰ѵļ̣һתͳһöɫСѾͷС
ǻʵѪǼŮӣȻһ磬ұ㲻ܷδ£ⶫҲ벻ϲ˫˰ɣ
ûԪƾſѾһ˵ʲôֻʲôȴ
Сף볩
˵ţһԹһƱ
ƣҲ֪ʱ䣬ռƶһ飬ſ֮ͣ䣬ƾ߾һ«䵽ϣһЦǰԶһµյͤһ۾ʿУãһʱӰӰˡ


һ ǧ
ˣ
ǰ۾ʿ¶ƺһ˵ĳ־΢΢ͣ¶ãתͷǣ˵ǿеϵ
ˣ
⻰ԭһƤЦϵ¶һ˿صЦݣȻ۾ʿһһ
жˣһǧ꣬һ껹ʮꣿ
ǧˣ
ŶԭѾǧ꣬һδҪˣûϴ㻹ֵһȴҪΪػһ
ΣػΣǸΪ˾ְˡҪл㣬ǵһ֮»ٻرԴǰ»޾;֮С
޷ҸȡˣӦҲ߲һﵽľ磡
ϵԹһЦ˵ͷҲҶǾ֮ˣˣ鷳ˣ֪ɻԸæ
۾ʿԵ˵ͷǴӦתͷһһŵΪǰ֮ǵȫͼʹ֮ˣû뵽ȴҵԤ룬ˣˣȻȴҲмԵ֣˵ýҪ㼸֡
һһȻİ۾ʿ뵱òϢЩͬɸ񣬶۾ʿģƮݣӹɣ߾һˣ˵۾ʿǴﵽ߾ʫɡ
ʫƺһĳԾ΢΢һЦ㲻þȣؾһ֣ҲҳΪӰˡ˵Ӷ㲻ϣȻ˵Լˣ˵պΪӣҲδ֪
һԹֵʫǰˣҲԷƱǽһܹǰնһ񱨡
ʫĵ˵ͷƳС׺ͼ̶һۣǹһ˿ѰζЦ⣬ΪҲǷû룬ССͣȻ;£ѪƵۺȴڣҲǸӰ
⻰һɫһ壬ԺҲˣСȴɫ΢졣
ûһͣʫҲڴˣ¿һ·Ҳ֪ڴ˴ĲòǱ֮ڽ֮ˡ
һصĵͷҲֻһ;мۣػأǰ裬ֱඥֻǽ֮ڤָ֮ߣǰָָ̣Խ򡣡
ʫԹһЦһָ֮ߣеһг֮Ҳѵá˵㲢һУ¹ؿҽ޲T׽ոҲСˣȻˣһ֮߶Զɣ
˵ţʫɻһ¹£һ¹ֱ֮ͨͤڡ
ǶҲԹһѪһƵۺᣬҵҲ࿴ܹﵽʲôز
⻰С׳һȻ࣬ȴǿߣʫ־ǿߣǿϰȻǲܾġ
һ״æ˼̡СѾͷ˵ʫɿʱ򣬾⾡ɢæСһ㣬һ̤¹֮Ŷȥԭֻʣϵڵȴʲô
֮ͤУʫڵţһ򹧹ĵһԡʫɼ״΢΢һЦǰƺƣһ䴵ǰ
ӦóǧǰռƣӦҲƽԣʫʫ֮˰ɣ
⻰һС׵˵ͷԼģɫ΢죬ǵʫɹһЦ
νƷ֪ǧ٣ǶҲ˼ζһһ־ڴˣԻǧɽɷˣһգǷǾһǧˡ
⻰˶ʱһһû뵽ʫоȻɽɷȴû뵽侹ȻˮȻһǧա
ʫɿ˳ɣЦΣɸһô
һ˿оƱС׺ͼ̶˽һʫ뺦Լȫ򵥵ķɷԼȻԼˡ
Ƶǰ
һǱǧһڱȥС׺ͼ̼״ҲȺ
ҺڣһģƢľ뵽Уһ˿Ȼͨ֫ٺ·Ȫˮ֮Уë׷׷ſޱȡģãжȥҪˤ
ͣ
ʫһһϷ˰ڳһǳһ˿˿ɢƬ̾ͽǰ
ôûĵоȻѾָˣȻܹϣϢѾҪﵽǰĳ̶˰ɣ
ϵ֪ʲôʱ֮ͤУ˵ڵصһۣתͷʫ˵


һ 
˵Ĳشٿ֮ǰ뱾ϵʱѾָ߳ɵˣѾûϵϣرѾָ˾ųӦûˣ
˾ųɣǾٮٮߣָĩٻûȻͻָô࣬ӣһһȺеһԭˡ
ϵ죬Գһ˿Ľ֮ɫʫȴҡҡͷƺʹ㡣
֮ǰӦЩһѾָ˵ûĴڣĩٽǹǶأǶóʱ򣬼ָ˵ʵ͵ҲǾһ
ǣָ꣬ҲԶԶ㹻뵱ٿʼλ𶼻ڣҵǵıӻ֮¶䣬ĩٱȳ׸գѾ٣֮ѣ˵òл궼һ˿
ʫͬĵ˵ͷ£ԭƮݵ֮оȻ͸â
ˣȴΪٴתģһҪﵽߵ㣬һƬؿ䣬ҲҪЩһ֪ǲǸ֮
ܵʫƱ仯ϵһЦҲһɺָָһ˵ô죿Ҫһ֮Ҫ֪ӿǻ֮
ʫ΢΢һЦ֮ΣزҲͰˣѾҳ㣬Ǽ֮ӣ˵ܹŤתǬοѵûоô
ϵһ㶣Цŵ˵ͷ˵ĲزҶңػңʹңԶȡҲʧΪһݾ˵֣һ˿ЩһӰ⣬ҲͼСһˣҲôҾ֮ˣǿҪʧˣ֮ӣܹƵġ
⻰ʫһ˿ɫȻвͬķֻ֣ҪڣȴתȥŻ򣬱һ⻪˸·ͨŻҪǰ
û뵽żȻôֻ˴ֻΪ½У˽ʫʫǾƣûʲôǣ
ɲܹǣϾ㴳ټͷ˲ⶼܡſڹһӣ˵ûбҲŰɣ
⻰ʫεҡҡͷϵڵȻˣ׵Ϊҵһ֪ɷ񣿡
ϵԣһЦףϵѾ겻ˣңԽҡˡɣ
ˣøˣǾˣ
ֻأβҵĽ㣬ֻضǷâ¶󻹳ɾұѧһѧ㣬Ҳ֪ôһڰɣ
ˣлˣ
ϵ˵˹һЦΰθߣﻹаͣĿҲģ·һ㡣
ĳȥҲ
һŭȣһͤŻǰһ⻪ҪһײŻ֮Уǹ⻪סƬ֮Żһ⻪˸ȴûһܹġ
ʫɼŻްعͷһˡץǾƺ㵱һһεξӨҺɢȻÿһζˮģ˿˿˵İ֮С
òƵĴǧСҲֵˣҿǵܴﵽʲô̶Ȱɣ
һ䣬ʫɳɢȥʧС
ȴ˵ʱǴŻһ߼˺һȺˡЩУԭ貨źҵĸ⣬ŵңԼһЩһ˴ɵĸ֡
ЩɣǷ񼶸ִӣǺ弶֡ٵˣʮˣż˵ǸɶѰ
һڴˣһϵóһŴӵļ֣ģ׷ļˣֻΨϡ֮⣬ЩҲ֮ˡ
⣬ɱȽϤıǵһͬԴ֮صӢĽӵˡ̶ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ǾʲôһΪ
ԪӤˮ׼鱦֮ܽѰսƽǿıĪѾݾԪӤԲ磬Ϲĵ׹⣬ƣֶǿһ
ʱǷ֣Ǻ֣ԼЩӢܣغŻǰûажƺڵȴʲôƵġ
˰Σ棬һӵķֳ貨˷ȥһףʻӣ貨ŴѶ˵ǿоβû֪¿ʵ
ǻ貨ڷеӣҲǼҵһ棬ϵѯʣæڵϼϡԣûпȷʵǾβɡֻΪϢɾȻѶɳѵʲôذô


һ ࣨϣ
üͷ΢壬̾һ˵вңǰͽΪ飬ɱͬţŶȥյӽύ֮Уоβ֮´УʦҪ׽ȥϵҲòһ
üһأʲô²ԭˣ˵̶ѾͷôúõľͲӰҲн飬Ҳйˡ
ԣ̾Ϣһҡҡͷٲ̸£һ㷵ؼȥˡ
һλͨ⴫ɽ̸ҲԼЩۼ֪˭˷ų˵һش󶯸ɸΪ׽áͽһἰڵġͽȻǰ顣һʱ䣬һ۴д
ЩУħһ档Ǽڽͽ޷ǳЦס˲ţǸɴ˵СԸһԪӤʿȻר˷
ЩۣԭЩѹֵɫѿֻʱش٣ħֻܱͷ
˵ķ׷ۣһЩļͬһ˾ͽˡſĪһȻѩһɫ軨һ˿ڵԼãһһȻЦ⣬α飬ǶԴ²
ħһƷãͷԹĿŻϹݣƾսȤģսŨŨ
˵Ƭ̣ҪɳڶֵʱŻ֮кһ⻪ʮﱻ˳ЩǸɳȥ̽ġ
Щ˶Ǻ弶ĸ֣ÿһܹһ棬β̽һ·ȻûˣȴҲŪʮǱ
æѯõͬĻظǾǴѾֲ󣬱˵ܹͨȵĴ˲ˡ
ȻظɸɫÿֻҲ֪Ȼиֲ󷨣ʱ䣬Ǽ˴ֻ̽˼Ʋߡ
һ뵽ڶ౦ﶼһգǧһˣʲôòڶϸġ
ȶıˡһؼҳ֣֣֮ǿһ˴ǰʮ˺Ҳ׷׸ϣŷֱС
봫ŻӦһͨ;ԽһΪСˡֽšͨ;ǿգԶԼԼܹһŻڡ
Ȼ֮ȥɱΪһ󣬶Ѿﵽؼˮ׼
˵ˣҲǴ˴ͨ󷨵ĸ֣ͳ󷨴ʦľ磬ﵽʦˮ׼ֻƽﶼھŹɽ󷨣Բ¶棬ǵһ֮Ҳû
˵ƽʿ֪ڷ񼶸֮Уȴպգϸǿ˲֪٣Խ˵׽һҲֻ˵Сãû˾ץһ
һڣ͵ͬȨ϶󷨵˿ޱǿգ뵽ؼ󷨡ĸ֣Ǵ󣬲ɵøоͷ
ʱɵɺֱӵľͳڷȥϾʦڣҲҪԼúáħһȻ֣ǼƣҲ׼ɵһˡ
ƺںռıˣһͿʼָ˳ǰȥû߶ԶȻ󡯵ÿʼӳʱǻ˿£סˣɻһԴһǶ·ϣߣֱӽǳ֮вó
ҲʦָƽһһȻеûȴһֱǰ
Ȼǲ֪ĵطǻָģĿһСԼõ󷨱ȥһ¶һмı顣
ϧ˵ΪβѧһǶҪȴֻܳһƤëϰװɵöһ㰡һȺСҿɾֱֻӶʱⲻ𰡣
˵գȻһЦλ֮УøذҪʱ䡣
ֻ˵Ĵ֮£ħ֣ٶȴҪҪࡣһӣҲֻӮȡõʮʱ䡣
ڵʮʱŻ֮һ⻪ݹ˳Ϊ֮ˣ˺½Ǹɷ֣֡
˼䣬󣬾ˮͬ˳һǰƵĸ֣̲סȡ˼ƿܿ죬¸߹ңͤףԼͤжһˣǵע⡣


һ ࣨУ
̶Ȼ
軨֮ͤУһģͷ󶨣ʱ֮еλͣȴ׶ֻܻͷ˿ӵˡ
Ӽ״ü΢壬ЩΪѵĿˣȻʱǣڵͽҲֱӳ֡
ѣ㿴Ǻã
˵겢û׷һ˽Ⲣࡣǰ׷ǷҲͳץ˾ǣ˭֪һ棬ȻǶԷΪǰˣЩö֡
ʱ֮һ˺ͻӻһݡݼҵĺ֣һ£ӵԽ
ʦ壬ӣǿɲҪͽƭˣѪɱ괳̫ɽʱɱ޹֪ٵ¡ǿԣǾǾβǱΪ鶨Ȼʲô¡¼̶ȻҲǱץʣͶֶڶ࣬ƶˣʲôǽץĴûᣬᣬҪץӿɾˣ
⡭
¶ɫΪеϣԸѾã͵Ϯ¸ɥЩְƤǰ飬ȴЩΪѵġ
ԥʱһüĿķִӺ˳һϻȻǽˣǵ׷һɽ֮һΪˡ
߳ˣĵԽһۣһһԽ˺
ݼҵС˵˵Ҳһʱϣ˱ģ㻹ҽЩ˵ƭʦ֡ٸ˻ȥɹ˲ʲôҳ󲻿ݼҵǵ¶˵ͬһ
˱ɽһ漶֣Ҳ˵ʦ𡣵˱æ˭֪ڱչأһͷ鱦֮Ҳ
Ȼһֱӱ鱦Ϣڣû˽ԭίݼҵһڵӵߵ˺ڰסһһ㽫߻ħʦ֮ٿн鱦˵һʱϣϸԭ򣬾ȡ˵
Ȼ֮˿е֪ϸ뵽ԼɽһţȴԼЩߣգǺڣǷŭ˵ɽ籡иϵѹƣֱӾʹ̫ɽϴսһ˵
ǰȻǴ˽һץȥĿģ뽫ȥָܹ̣ݣ³Ϊɽһ֧ӡһԽʴʣﻹ̵סǹ棬µҪһ˵
Խ͵ϵһץ֮УŸҴ󵨷ԡ˭֪·ɱˣȻǺ֣ﵲ˷֮Ǵʱݼ涼٣ƨҷţŵŵĻص֮С
ȻִҲޱ֮ˣʱ״жȻãһ뵽һ䡮ҳ󲻿ûпѯʡ
ʦܣȥһˣûɣ
һá֣֪˶뷨˹֣һлʦ֡㳯һȥ˭֪ɵһʱݹɳס
飬Ц磬սЩһɫˣסȥ·˶ϵãħţԼħŴɵħ塯磬ͬĸ֡
ѣҪʲôħ΢΢һЦ·֮ѯһ㡣
飬ʲôʱħܹܵڵͷϣ˵ҪĳĲӱȽӲǽȽϷһȺħŸΧ£ȻҲǳڲ顣
ã̫ˣսһܣҲҪȥˣսЦһһħ籡ֱг⣬ɼǸʹսˡ
սҪҪսҲԣҽŵӴȥһս٣
ЦڵĵӲô˴ﻹڵˣŶ˵һɣɾ˵ЦˣӲǱôôڵӣħЦһЦ
ıͲ࣬һʱҲ̲סŭһˡҪ֡
ʦ
˼״֪ԼٲԹۣһȱǰס
˺ȻһЦʦãҽЩסҽһץ
˻һЩħŸַ׷˼Ȼ˵ΪľһСı󷨿ռУ²Ҳѵó


һ ࣨ£
¶һ˿ΣȻ˿ڣҲȴӣħ˹˹֡
λѣ֪ɷһ·ʦܽŵӴʫżʱٸƾΣ
ôһ˵ħڶЩȻһȻֻһˣ֮ͨǿڶʱڿ˵ĴڣȴΪǶ֪һ鱦ڣʫżʱȻҲŹЩ
ˣǲӣֻǴӱȽ˼䣬ȻҵȸϤ͵˺ôǽøڣǶҪ˰ɣ
˵ħ飬ħڸ֮ҲǼǻۺļƵĴڣһڱ㽫ſ⻰ʱǰħɶС
˺ͷɫ΢䣬β֪⣬ȴֹˡоɶЩʱ֪鲻򵥽ˡ
Ȼһ仰֮£һ˴֮УüɣңڣԽΪ׷׷ǰ
ˣĳ˵ĶԣǹŽջأΪ̫ԵҴɱ¾ҵӣǹҪջأҲһǡ
˵ļаڣΪ˰ڵķ񼶸
ˣˣȻԭڵӣѾʦţҪջأҪһУҿ罻ǰǴúˡЦٴɿ
ѣҿúˣϾɵӣȷȷʵʵ˺ӵܣȻҴΪǡһҲڵ
δһɣûһӶ׷׿ڣһʱ䣬һȻɣ˶ֻȥδǾЩͬˡ
ˣѵΪУǾԱɣ
Ƣǿ˵ҲͰˣȴ˷׷һ̲סŭһ򿪽ϻʮűɳΧһɱζɢ
ޡһʣʿ֮еǿսͼڣˣǾԵǿսڡ񷽽ΪڵĽ޷֣ʱͽԭ۲ݵĳס˶׷˺󼸲
ΪԼһһܹ֮˱ܲɣ
ߣ飬СӺܾˣ㲻ţԿҸҲҶ֣
㣬ãܺãȻˣǾͱħڲ˴֣Ҫ֪ħһҲ˵
ɫһһ֣ħڶǰħ塯֣ʮ֮ġ֣ɱϹݣ鹫ӺƷƣǰ˸պ÷ͥħԼڶɣھʹھԵơ
֦ͬڸλѣһԪһǰսԭһֱ͵վһԵһԪһ˴Ҳǰ
ҶڴˣħӵóѣҶڤҲһ¸
˵貨ŵؽ磬λħŵѻЩúðɣҲ΢΢һЦ貨ŵǰ
һʱ֮䣬ħεĪҵȼɵǲźħһڣȴħһʱ֮䲻֪ıߣֻܼʮż
ۼսһȻħһռƣսҲûܹ֤Լȫˡ
ˣʦܣսɣ
һ̾˿ڡ
ʦ֣
ɫЩѿˣЩ֡
ʦܷģһǱű֮ˣȻҪûȥֻڴ֮䣬ڲȴǺ£ȫ֮ߣսǡ
⻰˶һϾħ֮ϵȻӣҲڹϿȻţȴûмԸ⶯ֵġ
Ҳֻ̾һʮűɽջؽϻȴûһɣȻʱ׼֡
˵úãڹûҪ󶯸ɸֻ꣬ǲ֪к⣬˵ҵȴӦҲǲܡ
ãȻѲ붯֣Ҿ˵ʵλ벻ż֮еıżʫСﵹǼ򵥣ҽջأʲôֻҪʫɵϢƽ֣֪ʲôܣλѿһͬʣ˾Ϳɱùƽ֪λΣ
⻰ħ׷״飬Ƭ̱鿪ڵȻ˵ҵҲǲԴӦֻᣬҵڴ¼ƣҲǹͽ˹ɵӣ˲᲻Ӧɡ


һ˰ ɽٻ
Ҫüͷ΢塣ֻһʱݲڵӣŶͽΪһƾħſսȷʵֵáգǵͷӦ˴¡
ħ˫˹ʶʣľִУһ֮󣬱ţߴ󶥼Գһˣ˳һ飬һڷȥ
ֻ񼶸ֳԾǣȻܷɽֵĿռ䣬ҪͻƹȥȴһĵĸоȻ򵥵һҪУȴ·ǵ
ʲôռͨǿƿ˿ռ䷨Ȼͻƣ
ԣⲻǿռͨз·ѾһС磬ռ䷨Ѿ粻ͬ޷ͻƣ
Գ磬˲ӵеͨѵ˵Сʫıڣ
˻һֲ۳ʲô˼Сʱж˸ƹâһ񣬱׼ֶ
ֻһը죬ͬʱ֣һǿըһĤ״ž鿪һȫͬĿռ䷨ӿȻ˶Щվȡ
ĳһ
սħŵĸΪǿסҲȻָһ׷׳¹磬֮ͤС
λȽŵջأ
貨ŵķֵȿڣҲû飬׼ջءոն֣һƾֱӽס󣬶ڵصļ̺ƾͻһ׹һüȥˡ
⣬ô£Կ
ҲħСβʮֿ󣬼״ûС׳֣Ҫߡڷ貨ŵǰ֮ų㣬Сץ˹ȥ
˭֪ͬһ͵һ͵شȥһҽдǧĲħ壬ľȻһСͬһ׹⳯һüͶȥ
ڳԾΪһ֣׷˺󡣵ȴŻ
ѵСӳ֣
ǲСӳ֣Ƚӡ˵
ԣӡЩ鷳
ħŷ׷׹ĶӡһɵһȻ̫Ը⣬ȴҲ⣬ͬʱ֣񼶱֣׷ʩչƳһӡ
һΪ˷ֹ֣ħһݺݵʮʮɵһҲ⣬Ҳءֱֻ˽ӡǧһڣû֡һǵ̨һβƣò˰
ôĶһȴûתѣ׼ץȥʱֻһ޴ը촫Żڷ򣬱һȺ˷׷׷˽
Ϊˣڳ޲Ծһ̣Ȼ̵̣ĸЩȻܽʿ
Ȼ϶ɢһֵԣΪʮϢǰ㲻֣ǸĴڣʮ˶ǵһܽʿһװǺ弶ܽʿ
Ȼ࣬ȴһ㲻Եһſ뻮һı֣ԵѵأһΪսʿǴĲͬ˴û˵Ҳû˶ֻ㾲վţ·ڵʲôˡ
һЦһ糤һֱӴŻһը죬ȻŻը飬ʧ
оⳤ֮еϢڳиֶһ˶ɫʮѿпһöڲ̣Ȼ׼Ʋȶ֡
һԪڣڣħڣҶţħţսħţ貨ţû뵽ŵ˶ˣȻЩСආһòøϣֻҪһ򾡣ֱܵڶ˰ɣ
䣬ɫԹ⽥ɢȥһĿŵ˳ʣмҶĸом򴫳аȴ˲ҽӽ·ǽĴħͷһ㡣
һǳ˯ܿ˶νĵʮֻ뵱ͬǱ٣ѾΪڽ֮µĻΪɲ⡣
ڵϵɣ˵󷨴ʦ󷨲õò͸汾ɣҸһ
˵䣬̻ȻһЦ΢һױȵǿϢϱ·֮Ψһ
ɫͱ㣬ȵСģаǶɽټ֣ٲ󣡡
һȴɽ١ֶʱڳħ־ֲѣ׷׷󷨡ǻ㿴ţûԼ֣Ҳûǰǹһ˿аЦݡ
˽󲼺ãһЦȻǲúˣҲǿĲðɣ


һ˾ սʼɽ֮

һҺڶɵ֮Уҷ´󡯾Ȼ˲ɢԭɴλ棬Լʮͬ˹һ㣬׷ɢԭֻһ֡
ִʱֵվԭأĿͣ·עˮһ㣬һԴϷаǵĹԣ֮Ĺԡ
ãСģħ֮ԱǧҪ֮մϣ
䣡
롯ֻû˵ڣһǺֹȻԱһɹǿԱ˴֮ͬӵһ㳯˷ȥ
ԭɵֻǵⲿû뵽Ȼм俪һ·Ȼ֮忪һЩ϶ʮС
Ǽʱתֵס飬û֮壬ΪͽˣҲֻֿԱ˳
ҵӵһ٣ȴ׷ͶĿ⡣Ҽɫʮֲÿתͷ̻ʵаˣ㵽ʲô
⻰һЦһͷССİˣȻҸҲգͷҲףνӬ޷ļҾ㲻ô
˵䣬һӰתȻǵһаѪϵ֮ȻԪӤǹһ˿Цݵڣɻǵûõļһô
״ʱԵڣɫ͵һ䣬еշҹѷСӣȻ⣬Ҫ㣡
˵䣬һд󵶣âѳȻնƿռֱɱ
˾һæȥ
ߣڱǰɱˣֱ̧һ㣬ͬɫȴͬϢԴȥâ˲顣
ӵһæлѣٿԼ·ɱһ㣬һһϲ϶Ϊ棬ݺнǧ꣬һαԼҺ󱲽޲õɱˣȴɱ֮ˣһǵͨ졣
һ֮󣬻ĵ˵ͷ΢΢һЦλǸɸ֣Ҹһᣬվ͹˳̣֤պ棬Σ
ߣø棬ΪҵȲ̵֪Ŀɡ˵ľżˣǳɻ棬վҪɼк壡
˵һԪһˣһԪΪִʷƾõţ̵оν͸һ仰̵Ѩ
ãܺãһԪڵĳţϵȻǲϹ鸽ǽ챾ͽһ򾡣պǴ·ԹԼţʱҵҪʲô飡ͽɱ
ɱһڶัܽʿ׷׶Ũ֮˹
λСģдһҽ
˴һһֱе̷ųһ󷨿ռƾаԾŹ֮仯֮ѭԳʹ
һ󷨿ռ䣬֪ҪжɽٸִڵҪЭ㲻ħ׷Ͷ֮Уʼ߶ע
֮͵ݿȻΪ˴ռУصĿռ䴦Σķʱһ⻪ǲеʿڷɱС
һ󷨿ռ䣬ϲҲƵĵ˵ͷһֱ¸ֳռɱȥԼͥŲƵĳ»Сȥ
һ·ϣʱɱг֣˷ɱȥȴͬӬһ㣬ֱ㽫֮ȿһ¶Ƭ̣»С档
֮ͤжһһû뵽Դ֮أ£ٴμ棬ЩԵ֡ħ㣬Ϊϴ񣬳Ϊ̵˰ɣ
˵䣬һԳһȥʱһ붨ǱӡǱУ°ֿҲûоҪ̵ӡ
ʱһӰˡһָпռŤתԭߵ»С羹Ȼ͵سԶȥֱ֮ƫ
ȻǲǾǼʶʶµõɣ
һЦ̧һץһըԭȹ̵󷨿ռ侹Ȼƣ·ʱҪƿ»Сٴγǰ˹
üͷջǷһתͶ֮Уʼӹ󷨿ռ
״Ҳûȥ׷ֻǿЦһһ»磬ŽߵһҪһưͷڼ˲ɫһ䣬Ѹջ


һ ѭ
ٺ٣û뵽СС˾ȻҲΪȻܹϵĴڣаħǽʲôаǰҲͰˣһСආǻǶСӵģ
䣬ƾһ˳ˣҴʱѾָϵʿģˣǶɽټĻȴһٴеı鿴
ϵǺˣȻ·ѵޣ̵֪ɣ
̵ϵֻа̣ụ̂ǿһСආνͣ
󵨣̵һ֮µһˣ㾹ҳආҸѵ֪
˵䣬һƳ˰ȥһƥ·㵹һ㡣
ආආϵ첻붯֣ҹɣ
һȣκƱ仯ǻ˴ɿȥ䵽֮ͤ⡣
һĻֳȻ֮ɫȻһֻ֣Էܹ׾͵ֵʵԼ֮¡
ϵ㵽Ǻηʥб½űһ̡
ϵΪСЩǻۣû뵽ȻҲΪϵһѵһὫԼϳ˵ô
ڼǼƳ˵̵һǰһθоʲôУԻˣǴҲ򲻹˵Ҳ˵ϣ侲ͷŭ
ããã㲻˵ҲգħҪӣȻǵˣҽòҪһţΪˣ
ΪУٴسһ󼥷ЦΪǵСӣϵħֻֻҪˣֻҪڴ֮УǶ̵ĵˣѵ֪ôΪ̵ͷܹŻסϵɣ
Ʊʶƣɫ΢䣬һȻˣҪʲô
˺ٺһЦҲ˵ôϵ첻붯ֻ֣˻סСӣȻҪ֣ϷҲԷ㣬ֻöɽٵΪ¹˼аɣ
˲μӽԵ˵ͷãҲˣز˵٣Ȼұ㲻ˣҲҪμħҲҪ㸶ۣ
вĻһĲںֻͷաһҲ޷һתҪȥ
ʱһδֳˣȻһ˳֣㽫עߣ˾ʱż
λǰǧҪ˵ĻǴʱЩ˳ײ̴һǰҲⰡǰҵһ֣ͬ˲ʱ˱ضм
λǰЩ˻в磬ǰ߳նɱˣħҲһǰжµģ˵ħڴ顣
ߣұ죡
һһ˿ɫһݳ󷨿ռ֮Уһһͳ˴ȥΪдػ˺ʵҲ򵥣ձܹڴĿˡ
ٺ٣ϵѾ˵ˣ첻֣ǣ̣Ҫңϵ˵Ҫ˭˭أ
⻰һ˺ıͬ˲Ӭһ㣬˵һ˵һҲ˵ʲôҡҡͷͶȥˡ
һ˹Ȼسŵ˼һתһƲȻһЦû֮УʼһȫԸħ
󷨣ħռ˾ԵϷ磬˶ɽټĵһ֣ƺܿתһ֮飬˲òȫ޲ҵ֮һսսһʱ֮佺
ȴ˵»С֮Уԭʫڵλãһһ߿ϷòƹѲʱȴһߴ
ٺ٣ˣ
һһľˣŷС׺ͼ̶ʧԼ󷨿ռ侹Ȼڷһս붯ʱȴ㵵ķ徹ȻǧƸӡ
⵽ô£
Сӣɲҵ飬ֻ㻤סĿһ㲻Ŷ㣬ǽǼһĶҰɣ
һԣɫһѵʫǰôǰʵݵǺˡΪҪʫǰĴ
˹һЦһɵСӣˣ֪ҲգϷ粢ޱҪƺǾǽҡˡǶǰҽģǽСҵһ黹ˡǲţҿʲô
˵䣬ϵ߳Ӱһ뷢ף˫ĿͷһǵòȻȴ˸̾âˡ


һһ 
һԭΪӡͷʮֽһӰʱԾΪ˵ŲСá
ǰԭԴɿزߣҲǵָһѡˣǵħս֮ʱ鵤صͼϵ
һ˵ϵռʱ˵ЩһʱȻһֵĿˣʵѵǰܼ㵽ʱգ
⻰˹ЦСӣȤڴ֮ѭҪ޽ɵĵУƶȴ̫Զڵ㣬ǿСлˣųְˡ
һԣһϾڱ˵֮УǼֱһµ顣
ôСӿϽǶ˰ɣ
ţȻǰСжʫǰиСȻӡ
һ⿪ͷɻҲپˬĴӻͳһöָͷСӣǹƣ·ӡһǳ档
ãܺãӵдȴǲ;ҷżñȻֻذ
̾һҲһΪ˵γԾһЦӰüġһʱ䣬ԭ͵͸һڲͬϢ·һУΪһĴڡ
ѵǳ˵һͷ̾
ƺһЦǳȴҲԶӣɣ˵֮仹̫Զɲǿʼ˵һСɣֻΪֱ治ˡ
һǵһ˵֮ĲͷûļƺԸش𣬱׼ѯһ˭֪ȴ˻ֹס
֮²ڵԽܵģܹﵽΪ²˵Ҳ˻㡣̫磬֮Ƚһ½˵
һ£
˴ﻹң˽˵ΪʱһһҪ˽ᡣ
һǰָ̡
ָ̲˵㿴ʲô֪ˣ
˵䣬̧һץһóһĳ޲T׽һ˽һһԨħ籡·ħ
һ㶵ĿһУСʵǰѵʮǰ޲Tħ
ôСӣ˽һգָԭģҾʮ޲Tħ
һȻ¶ԣͷԾ㲻Դ䱸Ŀ˵˵ǰҪֻˮĸľծҪ׽
˭֪˱һЦƬ̲ŵˮĸľծʲôϵοˮĸҲûʲôԹⶫҶôջ෴ȡ˴ҽ鷳ǷĲǡ
Ƿңһ㶵Ľ˵ݹ޲T׽һθоЩˡ
˵ҲֻҪ֪Ѿǵ޲TħΪ޲Tħȴ²Сӣ˴˽͵ڸҽ˹ȥ鷳Ƿġ
һڻعȴɻ󣬰˵ԼӦӣħôȻ鷳٣ȴûмѰģЩ˵ͨˡ
ٴο˼ȻһЦСӣ۽ֻ磬Ȼ鷳ܹȥ֪жˡ
˵䣬ǹһ˿ааЦݣ·׷֮ǰĹʱ⡣ܿ죬عһȻһЦûϵһħʱҲЩ鷳·ٳɳ˵ҲԽ֮飬Ϊһأ
ˣ˵°ɣһ˿࣬ȻǷģȻҪ㣬ֻ̫ǼһĴУ¾Ҹ㴫ʲôҲҸѡѡʵ֡
ѡһû뵽תֺ
ѡ񣬵һҰӴЩСһõĽƣȻ򵥲ֻҪϷ򶯶ָͷܰ쵽Ȱ㻹ǲҪѡúá
ԭˣǰ˵˵
ãڶԳ֣㽫׽ǵ龡Ӵ֮׽ٲ޲TڽʲôʲôһʲôĶ㣡
׽һɫһϲ˵Ҳ޲T׽Ϊħפ˵ںܹȫȻٺò
ٺ٣ڵǾҽߣ͵һЩһﶼҲĵطһܺõᣬʱгٻôǶԡȻ㲻ѡһǲ뿪ģ⿪ӡ׽֮ҿɾƨˡ
˵ţ˺ٺһЦһʱҪߵӣбһѡɡ


һŶ ѡ񣬽
ѡһͷ˼һŷǿѨ磬ȫǵǰҪġ
ѡһ⿪ӡܹӳԼҪ깦ܻ⿪ûбԽνʮΣգڶ޲T׽ܹ׽ԭ˰æ䲻˵ܹƿذٷ֮ٵʵǿ²ڽתȫͷſֱӵнӽɽ٣ѹƷֵмɻ±ס˽ԼߣҲΪãϾǽ⿪˷ӡ޲T׽Ҳڶ̶ʱڽ׽ȫգǶԸħķҲͰˣǶǶɽڵĵһҲʮΣա
ԴЦı飬һͷһ񺮡оѡԷܴﵽȴֻѡĻᣬһʱԾ񣬲Ծλǰħת
ٺ٣СӣǲϷ̫ģʵҲֻҲ֪ɣ֮ǵ֮һǴӦպҪĿɾͲֹһ㿩
ʱһ仰ƺĻشһɻЩԶԡϾΪܹʲôѰۼȴԼܹ쵽ġ
Ȼǰ˵Բǿֻǲ֪ǰǽҴߣ֪ȥĵط񱻷ӡ״ܷ񹻱
˽һ´һ˵ͷҿԽ͵ƫԶĵطӦûнϵĴڣƹ㱣ˣǸطӦʮʺ㣬ܹӦܹܿɳɣ
һԸо˻֮Щʲô油һ䣬ȴʮ
ãȻǰô˵Ҿǰģѡڶ͵ɣ
ãããɣѽңھ͸˳ǰûϵĶһ㣬Ǹͷأ
һԹԽ޲T׽ٴε˳ȥһ˳ֽûɢޱȵƣһֿѵı齫׽˼ۣ󡮺١һȥ
СӣߵϹ֮ӦҲͨɣͿϷһΰɣ
˵һЦּ̧䣬࣬ףɫƾɫǴ𣬰ɫǾ𣬶ǺɫħȫͬĻͬʱ֣Ȼûа໥ٽ໥ǿá
ΪʦһȻܹѻСʹúųƷֵһ̫𡣵һСڵ̫Ȼǿȴǳɫ治磬ҲҪķѴơһ棬ܿƵĳ̶ȣػܱ֮̾ѡ
ڴʱ˽͵ΪԪػ֮úÿŰɣгһܴ벢ʹ˵Ļ棬ҲôĲ˵ҲҪʡɵʱ䣬ӰƷǿȣ㵽ܹõʲô̶ȣǾͿԼˣ
һһ˵ٶȲ죬ָ֪㣬Ҳѧϰ˵ֻܿһֻ棬˵һ죬Ǿܴʡˡ
˺˽޲T׽Ͷɻ֮пʼýͨ죬ſʼһֻ鴹ֶοʼ
׽֮һӡǷɳýӽһ飬ٻֶΣáغ¯ֱӹעһɹˮװ뽣Уʹ޲T׽ڴ֮вѸٻָ
һΪһоͽɵʱ˭֪˾Ȼ׽ʼ˵ڶգ򣬹ע
һһεĶ޲T׽ɥʧΪ׽ıʣ˵عһĽ̥״̬ȴɱ֮⡣
žŰʮһζɣ˲ͣдˮ޲T׽ĵ˵ͷ
Сӽӡͳɣµ˵ƺ֪˽ӡߵĽɡ
һ֪ʱԼûֵƵģҲŤʶһתһӡ˳ݸˡ
˼ָɴ࣬ĵ˵ͷ̧һץҪӡע뽣У޲T׽ˡʱһ˿Ӱһӡ֮зɳȻҪһ޲T׽֮ȥ
ٺ٣üһϷȵľ㣡
׼ƾһֻǺӰһ̣㽫ץС
ƥʲôȻ»صǲҪ
ӰдһϸȥȻǵ޲T׽顣
ٺ٣ѣѵ˱ôﱾأ
Ц⣬˵ȴܹ˶ޡ


һ ˫ϲ
ʲô㣬㲻Ǳôôܻţ
׽гֻҵļ󣬱ǵһ轣ͼ֮ʱûлţԭñɵʱ֪²á
ǺǣѣսôЩ꣬ѵ֪ҵıôʲôѿǣʬ飬ѵûô
㣬ԭˣ㾹Ȼǽҵ⣬ˮĸķӡúݣҸôˣ
л佱ˣҲҲû뵽㾹ȻҲܺݵʮ鶼ڳһ壬Ȼͻɼ鱦Ľݾ
⻰޲T׽֮гһһԹĿ⣬ȻǻǺŵһȡˡͨļ䴫УҴ˽ͼʫɽӡ顣
֪Щ飬ţȻһЦҽ⣬ѾذˡǷСһ棬СҪҰ˴˽˵ѣֻίˡ
׽ԣ֪أХһҲˣֱӳһɱȥͿʱһһܹһһɱᣬ˵ûת
ǺҲǼΪصĴڣһΪħҲֻ;ҷȻûȴҲһֵܹġ
ֻһ˽һָǵڽ龹ȻҲܶͱԭأֽһУһ鲻ѵı㳯зȥһ糤̵ڶ̽
ǰ֣߳
һ״æǰȥȻԼʶ˶֡
Ȼ
ҲһֳڽһһʶץΣֻһһĺ߷˳ڽ֮ϡƬʱ䣬ԽԽ٣ڲٳڽҲ糤̣ͬھһ㣬ֻ治ʱһ֮⣬ȻҲӲ
Сӣִýİ취һǽ֮ȫ֮´뽣֮Уӵʮʮ׽һﱾͲǴ飬ɣзǣ˵췴ѣǾ͵Լˡڶ취Ǿͼ򵥣ֱӽ֮𣬴Ӵ˻ҷڽ֮µ飬Ȼֻԭɣȴ˵ûܳǰֻҪѶٹͲ˵ˡ
һüͷ΢壬ڵǰ֪ɷ֮Ҳô飬Ҵã׽һ뷨ǰһǷС
˵䣬ǽϲƣͬʱ¶ϢȻм鱦ĸо
ȻͬѰһ۾ͿǽĲ֮ͬһ֮
һ˵ͷǰѾѧ֮ȴҪ뽫ǽ޲Tһ޲T׽ΪǽΪ֪ɲԡ
ԣһתЦСӣû뵽㾹Ȼô취ߺһһԼԽӦʱ䣬պ󻹿˵ԳΪɼ鱦
һԭֻһ뷨ۣⷬͷǴ󶨡ѯҪ׽ҲԼ뷨˵ˣƺòѣ̧־ͽ齻
˽黯ħһͷ󶨣һ˵ҪĿѾɣ鶼֮ϲ
Գ֣һЭǽ޲T׽һĽʮ˳ܿ죬϶Ϊһ޲T׽Σǽڣ˳ԣȻܹӳԭ޲T׽߳Ҳһ󶼽֮鹦ǽ֮еġ
һЩ꣬Ѿʮ֮󣬴ʱħ̴ÿݱ˵жɽٸ֣ӦռƣһֱˣԲȫħЩˡ
˻˲ʱֻ֣ƲƲתһȥһȻս֮нõĪѩˣгԹ̵ݼˣԼħ֮ˡʱȫӡҪæɱҲ
֪ǰɷһСæ
˵
Ǿǡ
һܣ¶һ˿黫Цݡ
ðɣʱУȻҪҾٰһ㣬ԽǻԽãƲԽʺҡ
˵䣬һָһ׹⴩»С磬󷨿ռ䣬ֱȥ
̵һһá׿ԼĶֱ㳯ǰ׹׷ȥڰ׹ոճ󷨿ռԵҪƿռȥ˲佫֮ץס
ƥ㾹ȻҰæǣһЩŭɶĿˡ
Сӣ˵ʲôأϷ򲻹һ飬㾹ȻѵҪ͵ɣϼһ˿ŭɫ˶ó˵ŭ˵ˣŪˡ


һ ȥŮ
ʲô飡
һɫ΢䣬æüģƬ֮ɫǵͨ죬ŭָˣһ㡯֮󣬰˵
ħβ֪һûᣬת󷨣ˣڤˣӣ飬ЦսڼҸֲĵĽע֮С
ԭ˫ʵ࣬㷢󷨣Ҳֻܿպջǽֲ¡һ£Ϊƫһɽ󷨣һʱ֮䣬ʤƽͳħб
ֻһҽдһͽ֮¿ʼѹȡһ弶ܽʿӶѪˣǷ񼶵ĸҲɫǺ죬ƺҡҡ׹
һ֪ˣŭһٴγ֮Уͬͻһ㣬俪һ󷨣ܹüԮĸ˳ЩܽʿȴѾˡ
һѪɫĸһŭҪƾһ֮󷨡һʦãʮ򣬶֣˼ɣɱΣȻ˴˼ħ֣ȴɲ
ģƥ򣬻Щɸ֣һġ
ƲһҲˣŭһ¸ǰԼϺѸȥȥʱĿ»СͤһۣԹ֮òҪһͷһ¡
ˣ鶼ˣı̸ˣȻһ˿Цȴû鷳ĸоζʲôתͷһҲ˰ɣȻ߲
һԵ˵ͷħ֮󣬵һҪĿ¾ԸԼĲ˵ϵǧƾõļ֤
߰ɣ߰ɣ֮ˣ̫ΰù¶
ѵĳ˵һ䣬̧һ㣬ͤΪģһ󷨳»СУһХͤ룬һīŻ֡һŻκͷһ˿ңԶȵĸо
ǰ֪ɷ⵽ͨ
һоһЩԾƺⲻһô򵥡
ٺ٣Сӣ㻹ʲôһɲϷѡģԼѡģȻѡ˻ʲôٸҽȥɣ
˵䣬ǹһ˿صЦݣ̧һһģһɾһģ岻ܿƵĳŻײ˹ȥֻһžһʧԭء
һĻڳиֶһæǰ
ǰ㽫͵ʲôطȥˣʱԼæѯʵ
ԣٺһЦ֪ҲûʲôҿСӣħȥˣȻȥҲȥϷǡ
ħ򣡡
֣ڷɫˢľͰǵļʶҲֻżʲôطǴ˵ħڵĵطųħ֮Դ
Ǹطνħͷ֣Ѱ߽ЩطܴĻʮãΪԽߣЩطԽױħͷϣΪ
һץסõĽħǧʩչܣս߻
һ뵽Щԭ˻ѯʼ䣬ʱһСĿһ˽ԼҲȥ
˼˲Ҳֵ徲ȻһЦҪȥոҪߣӰħ֮˳ֱǿռŻȥħзֱŭȡ
ѩٻ
Ʒƣ
ԭĶ˾ȻѩӢѩ鹫ӺƷƶˡ
Ƕν˳ԾѣͬʱҲΪԷĳָеԾʦ𳤱׷ϣһһЯֺ
Ʒһ˿籱㵴ѩ罣һ󣬷˪ǰ׷ϵֱϵ赲󡣲ܿҶźħڵķҲʼһ˲䣬˲õ谭ͱ鵱
ۼ˾ҪǰץȥһֱԹ۵˺ȻһЦ̧һ㡣һ֣־Ȼڿʮ֮һʱ䡣
ʱȻ̣ڶŮȴʮ㹻ͬʱһֱŻ֮У˲Ϣʧ
ֻתۼ䣬Ҷźħھ͵ʧȥӢӣ߶һһŭˣ·Ҫͷ䡣
ںЩû뵽СӻǸ֣ҲգħҲգʱѾ࣬ϣһȥذɣ
˵գһЦһͤ˾ʧתͷ»СͤҲѾӰ١
һʱ䣬Ҫҵ˲ˣҪҵıҲħĸ϶¶ɫбвĵģ׼һʫżȴֻȱȱȥϾ˵ĳ֣ż̸ֱҪ¼źþ
ͤʧĵطĪǹһ˿΢ЦͷĬʦܣһҪŻתһԪȥ


һ µ磨ϣ
ʲôط
ǰһƬãĻĮܵɺԵļڵһ˺ͻҩζһͷĵһͷ
ʫż֮УһľԣҪ䣬˭֪˾Ȼԣһ¾ͽռ֮šҲ֪ǿռ֮жȹ˶ʱ䣬ʱڡ
յҴеõϣ˴ƵȻ٣ȥҲֻ࣬ΪӡһûУҪȷǺδȴЩ鷳ˣһһȫڣȴ򿪼ӡмԱ֮ǡ
濴˿Ȼȫӡȴ޷ӡģҲܴﵽԶɨ֮±㽫⿴˸
ֻʧǣһؽ·˻ĮǻĮûлľûɽˮֻһȵĿɨڻϵĸо
һ̶ķȥƾԲ߸һضû⣬Ҳ߲ȥֻҪҵһԲĵطٴ򿪷ӡҲ١
Ŷͷѡ˳յķȥٴν귲ʱʹõѧʩչͬڵһ㣬ɳ۶ȥ
һգҲ֪жԶ룬ȥһ»кʱͣΪƣʲôģֻΪƾֱоһ˿ΣյϢٽ
໡
һǷǵĺдǴѹĶ»ĸ£һƥСĶ˷һΧ롣ϸһȻȫǣѰͬǣЩ϶кɫѪɫƣЩħƵζ
ʲôѵ޲ɣȴоһ޵Ϣħ޵ĸоѵǴ˵෴ħɣ
һ˼ʱһͷӴͬյǳͷһһȺ֪ľǾͳ˹
ĶħȻҵ⣬ǾݹҲˡ
һһڱһץ֮һֱǽ޲T׽һıȡУһתһֱ֣һͷǶȥ
ء
һҽдؿнһ͵һ϶£Ǿƣһر
ͬĲǷǵû˿£ѪҰԣͲηĳצҧƺһҲҪϴһӡ
Σһüͷ΢塣ӡסʶ壬Բ֪ЩǵһףЩǲͣҲѰޣһͷѽӽᵤ޵ͷǿнᵤ弶޵
Сۣ񴿴޵ˮ׼弶߳һΡĽǧҲ׾١鷳鷳ȺƺƵͷǧͷûдֶΣһͷһͷɱȥҲҪЩˡ
һ߻ӽɱǣһǷҸ취жߣЩģΣûԣʱһХͷǷԭɢȺȻ˿һɣһֺķΧת
ȻͨսҪҵȥ·øȻˣҾͷɱˣֻɢˡ
һߣһֽ𣬼ҲɱӽǴ䣬Լ򼸸䣬նɱһе·ǣܿͳ嵽ͷǰ
ͷǼһȻô˴ҲǳһææЩȴסһĽ⣬ն䵱ֻʣͷǰ
ͷҲ׺ᣬԼһҲ£ſ͵߹ͬʱ޿֮һֱһš

һһ䡣һ̺֮ལ֮ȻûаϬͱ仯һȥһľһֱͷŶȥ
һӹһƤ˺֮ͷǱƬ䵽ϣһǻѪʮԶ
νͷУͷǱƬĳУʱһͷǻҳһǶ
ͷɱǱһնɱ֮ǵɥһصʬűɢȥ
һʬһԼһ£ܿͷЩȺȻǲͬ˵ħħЩմȾħɡ
õۣҲЩ⣬ֻܰԴ˵Ŀĥ¸Щйء
ҲԸʬĵطҹɫԭȥ


һ µ磨У
Դһӿռ߳Ѿʮʮҹʱһ·񱼣·ϲ֪ħЩħ֮ǿĽӽ޵ܹųڷĹҲнӽļ޵ˮ׼мҲǵС
˵ˣȫ֮£ЩħȻвȴҲûиʲô˺Ϊǿȵʵսٴδýĥ˽·˵¹֪£ڽһЩµĸ
һգ⼴ʱͷϬħͷϬħʵ弶޵ˮ׼ͷ֮£ܹһһ˿вͷϬħﶼ֮¡
ǰǵڵϵͷϬħʬ壬ʹ뿪һ촫Уʱ˼һһͶ㵽һʯ
Ƭ֮ӰԶ֮УһɶһȦƤļѪڶɫħƲƣЩħЩƣһһ˱ը
ӣȻƤҪѰ˶ȴҲΪ׳˶֮䣬һ˿˿ƣ·аͷ
²أ㲻˵ϬħôôôöûмɲҪƭҸԴҿ֪ҵиԴƤӻȭͷպշ
С㣬ֹܲһͷϬħޣǿ弶ħ֮ѶԸļһˣһСһͷǶ²صĺ͸ζ
⻰ǸԴȻмĺһȴԵԼĴɤţȻϬħ޻Щɵ
˲ã㱻ѪζߵǰǵصͷϬħʬ壬ǵı鲻ǻϲǾֵ̽ƺ±˷һ˺ðΣȴû˿Ӱ֣˳Ծѡ
ѵû岻ɣ죬Ϭħ޵ħûбȡߣûȡߣǿɾͷˣ֮ڲϽ˰иԣħˡ
⻰ǸԴﶯ죬һϬħ޵ʬǰ֪ȡһƤΪƿϬħ޵ͷ­һץһöСĺںľʯ
Ȼ
֮͸ϲҲ˲ʲôģæ嵽ʣͷϬħǰʯƬ֮һͳһöȻЦ
һĻһֱڲһüͷ΢壬ʱѵ˶ħɣʵӦٽӽԪӤˮ׼
ΪʵӦǾȻΪɱħ޽ӳΪ񵽱㻶ϲı飬ֱǲܵ顣
Щħ˲̺ħˣһħħҪҪûпѵлħŸ˻ϲɡЩԾһǲҪ̽ɣ
һʱһ˷ʮʮҹľ˲֪ĵʲô
ֻ֮⣬ɼСЫӴ˷ɿĳЩЫҲħƣѪڶɫɫͺɫ
ã̶Ы̶Ыϲ߼ħ޵Ѫ⣬һǱϬħ޵Ѫζġ
ģⶫǿɶȻǿħҲֵǮȴֶޡ˲ôüһο鷳ˣ
ˣʲôҵǰ棬׼ֶΣ
һԴͳһ󵶣һƱҪ̶Ыȥ²һ˴˸˼
ԴҲǱΪħ޲ѾѵãοἺΪˣ̶ЫͬʱȵˣüȥǸҶܣջ١ħ֮һʲôħġ
²ضԣһ֮ǰǩˡħ֮ǸΥԼݣֻҪһħĶ
һ뵽ħģħͷʱƲ¸Դߵ뷨òҧʼ׼ͷʼ̶ܼЫд
˺ȻСЩ̶ЫȻ޾Ƶģȴ̫þ֮ǰȴܽ
ɱ̶ЫɱʱһХһӰȻһٶȳ˽ӽ
ʲôˣͣ
Դһŭȣ͵һһʮɳĵâɨȥ
һ״һһԭϬĽ಻ϵĽ⣬ǵâ䵽֮УѲվȻһ㵶⡣
һе֣һθ죬̤һֹķʽӽˣһȻͬʱħͷ¡


һ µ磨£
оϱĸоԼһݵѹ²غһħͷæͣ
ʲôˣΪʲôҪǣ²æʵ
һ˼һתһ˿Цһʲôˣѵ֪ô
⻰˲ŴһԼһ㣬һûиԴħƣҲûħͬʱ뵽ʲô۾͵һ
壬ѵ˵ͷϬħ޾ɱĲɣ²Դ˵ţ·ʲôֲĶһ㡣
һȻ֪ʲô壬⼸ľѾ֪طЩȻħޣ֪ȴԲͬδ֪ڣҪһ˵ݣ塯ƺ˼ɵٺò
֪ҵݾȻҵѵ֪ôд
˼һΪ壬ɫ͵һ䣬˸Դﻹĵ̶ֵЫ²Ķ
ֵܣ¹ֲǣɱͷħ޽˱ԣЩȻϷŹȻˣǾͽħ˻ǣҴʱô̶ЫҲԸ˰ɣǺȽ̶Ы˵Σ
²֮еңһת㿪ʼ˵һֻһô򵥾ͱ˵İǽ֡Ҳ˵ֻһ΢΢һ˲϶ǳǳѪۡ
²ǡײĲᡯһˣһ˿ԥͶ֣ʱԼĻôæڳ
λֵܣҲҪŭĲ࣬ν˴ˡħѪԭĹأһ֧㹻Ĵۡ㻹ϸһ̶Ыǻ֧౨꣬عһʱˡ
áħѪԭ֣һûаӡ󣬰Ȼˣٿź²ֺõı飬֪ʱ̸ˡ
һ˵ͷãֻҪǽһԵжңҾͷǣһ̶ͬЫ
һʨӴ󿪿ڣ²ɫ΢䣬ǸԴŭƺʮֲ²ض˵һϣȴòҧӦ
ãɽֻҪֵ֣һջһǡֻǴʱħŵİ취£ϣֵǩ⡮ħ֮
˵䣬²СӻͳһںƣħƲƣ·һаһ㡣²ȺѪ棬ȺѪƲƣ²۰Ͱ͵ĳһ˹
ǰġħ֮һüͷ΢壬ʶӡչ̽ﵽʲôȴоһΣպ档
²ؼһϽӹȥб䣬æ͵ֵҷģħ֮Ȼħ֮ȴڶԼΪֶΡǩԼ֮˱Լ£򽫻ܵħ߱ɱȻֻҪԼɣԼȻֵκˡ
һѾ²زûѣֻɲҴ⣬һ佫ǡħ֮ץָᴥȻһǿֻ֮ȴ·ҪһЩʽܼһ㡣
νʭӶ˲һѾǧƣҲں༸һЦһָһ˿Ѫ絽ϡƱѪƣһ죬ѪƺһһѪɫӰɳֱϣʧ
ɡħ֮²һ˸Դڵ̶ֵЫĹ²غһ˶ºֻǺ²һ׳˶ӣһ۾ȻһĸòĵŮӡ
һܣһ֪²ݡ²غгµŮӱʦöˣǸԴ˶һħᰳǵĻʼһʱһҲܻ䣬ֱӽСһָ֪
ˡħֻ֮ͨǽĹϵľԼе
²飬һ͸Դ˵̶ֵЫĹͳ¶ɴɱһοϽԼĺ󱳽ǣһԾ̶ЫȺʧ
˶ʮɻһǲˡܿ죬һХԶһͷͷЫȻ龰ǵĻɡ
ֻȹ¾ǿӢ¶޴ΪͬʱҲֻռλãͼ֮ڴЫ󷽵ֻֿݣǾǡ
Ϊδ˫һħ֮޽ᣬǿûҪһ뷨ԽԽá
ʱƣһλԽԽǰƽնɱЫٶȷǵӣϵļȡ


һŰ 
׷ɵıЫٿһͷϬħޣͬʱ뵽һֿܡ
ѵƾһ֮ͬʱɱͷϬħ޲ɣŮħ޳¾ֵֹ
ܣ壬ҪһնɱͷϬħҲϼѣħһĸ֣ħʼ嶼츳ͨûһԴһ
һֿܡ²һ˿ϲ
ʦ֣˼ǣ壡ֱӷһ˿
һݣ˵㵽ΪֹԽɱԽԶǽһ񣬱Դǰ²غͳ¶ںȫʩչҲȥ
һǰ·ںҲ˲ٱˡһ·ɱʮأżСɽһһڵĶ
ЫĳѨ²ؾһƺʲôֲĶ
Ȼ͸һɱһɣһٺһЦֱԳѪɫȻǼˡħ֮
ģ壬Ȼüħ֮ԼǣǼˣ
Դŭһתͷ²غͳ¶ˡɫҲЩѿϾǿħѪ֮Լһģû뵽ʱȻԼǡ
߰ɣҾͲˣ˵Ǽ񵽱ˣ㻹ڲУǸԻһöֱӴͻȥҲˡ
ԽԽıЫ˲ò˷һ볲Ѩ֮СѨ֮кѹѹһƬЫ˱˵һǵֵԱԵǿ
ڴʱǷһĻˡûκηһһһͳѨȥһȺȺʹһıЫڵ
ֻ䣬ָûһͷЫֵܹ˿Ƭ֮䣬һͳ㣬ǺѹѹһƬЫ֮УһöС˸Ŵ̹âľʯ롣
ҿ
һһƾ߶һȫͬĽӰڳ֮ϣڻһһɽѹն
Ѱﵽһ̶ҲܹͷųѹֽѹܹƿƤ⣬Ҫֽ𶼲ܡ
һһͷųĽѹͬϯڽѹ֮ǰıЫ𣬶ڽѹ֮з׷ױ˺һƬƬĴڡ
սѹնǴ̾ʯϣһ죬ʯгƬ
ھʯп˲䣬ѨıЫųһ˿ļͷЫǰᾧʯһնɱ⣬ıЫһѸɢȥƬ֮ѨտҲֻʣضЫʬһˡ
гһζ𷽲ŵĸоȫʢʱڣһҲ㲻ʲôӡƾһ⼸ʩչǿһһ˿˿Ѱͬĸӿͷ
ʱ²Сǰ۲ĿŵƬʯֵûһ˸ǰȥ
Ƭ֮һһ˿ͷּƬʯ˵ǴӦĶҰɣ
֪Ƿһ廹ͼһαǸԴﶼˬİѶˡħ֮һҪߡ
ֻ²æס
ôѵҪȥһɫһ
ˣԼõĶôֻһһ֮ЫȺо֮һССҲﲻ˸м֮飬һǰȥħᰳǣǾһ֮꣬Ǳ𡣡
⻰һͷЦħǲǲЦҲòʲôħ֮Ϊǿʲô֮ʲôģ֪ⲻǽڰˡ
һɫ²ӲͷƤ͵ǧҪᣬҵȾҼӺ㡣ħѪԭ£ħűҲٴΡΪθҼӺˡħûֻ֮ǿ֮֡ǿħŵĵ̣ԻֲܵţҿԴʵĻѪĺúõô
Դԣʱĵ˵ͷǺıǻ¾Ҫ˴롣һǳ֪Դǰϻĸ֡ĿľҪط˽⣬ԶԷ룬ưҲӦˡ
һӦ֮㳯ħᰳǷ򱼳۶ȥûã²˿ʼһ̸
Ĺ֮󣬴ҹϵͣ໥֮ʹһɫ²عѯʵ֣֪֮еǷйϵ


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һ͹۲쵽˵ɫȻĴڶֻǿŪ˵ʲô塣ֻ֪ϷҪȫףý˵Ļ㲻ÿɷĵ˵ͷǳϵݳ
һȷϡԼݣ²ԭɵͷһ˲ȴһ˿ϲ
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޷ҲǿϣǴ˴ħŵĵؽ緽ͳˣϾħ޵ѪǶҲǴ洦ġ
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һħᰳǣȻûҰ򣬵ħеǿʳȴ̡ħᰳ֮Уǿ߾һУȡᶼһģǿǰûеλûϣܱ֤
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һԣҲĿ˳һֵվ˹ֵŶԭǳĳһӵܣħᰳǳ
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ɴĻָһѪڡ޽ϣԭεġ޽Ͽʼҫһ⻪Ƭ֮󣬷â֮ϣһĽ籡·ܹնһС
һĻֶΣҲڹħᰳǵ̣νϡһðʹЩӡ
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ֻȻ̨֪Ĵڣȴ˼ͬҲʶ֮г֣һ뽣վǿ
γԣһڷ뷨޽ǰһصħˣǾʲôƬ֮һöħˣ͵飬һɹħ籡
һȣſڽħУָ󷨾ȫֳ֮ɫһħƵӡͬһ㣬塭
֮һڳءصĵһ¾ǽ²ٻ
²⼸սšѲʹͷô𵱳Ƿʮһæǰȥ
ڼһĵһ۵ʱ򣬺²ԼоЩ仯ϸȥȴʲôûз֡뵽ԼһжһϣҲҶ̽ѰֻЦʵʹˣ֪ʲô飿
²ػ˳ƺһҲ⣬˵ͷЩ飬ҽεʱ˵ÿʲô뽫µĹˣܹ͸֧漸µһȡҾ͸á
²ԭΪһںħˣû뵽εһ¾Ҫħˣһ֮æӦŵյ蹦ͻһ͵һϡ
ħȡһȻǧöÿһöٶļħ޵ħˣиʮö弶ħ޵ħˡ
Щħˣһĵ˵ͷûȺ²ؿ˵ЩħТһһ䡰Ӧùüˡתȥ
ʮ֮һٴγأҺ²ҪħˣŪħ֮󣬾תʧٴαչءһΣһҪȥöħˣٵٴγصʱú²ȥŪħˣ²صɫ˼֡
ͨ²صĽͣԭѾһһĹȡˣԼТ˲ħˡһʱǽѲʹݣڶٲŪ̫ħˡ
һħˣ²ȻҲһôħõʲôطȥˡȴûѯʣһ飬Ѳʹȥȡɱħ޵һɱħ޻ħˣͨõħˡ
Ȼ취һ⺣׬ȡʯñ׾ʱħŵؽ磬ǼƷµڶͻر֪취ʺϵķ
ĵڶգһȡͳƱǶȥһʱ䣬ŷħᰳǡһ˳ǣɱħȡöħˣټеõĽӽöħ˿Թʹá
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ǸԴһţֲһѯʵˣħˣ


һ ϲ
²㶵ĿԼһҲ˵ͷħˡѵֻ׼ħħô
һԼħ²ͷԾѣڶ䷴ʣһƲ˹һҡͷ
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ŶħȻĺ£ôӺζһЩԾʵ
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һԣתͷԴԴһ˿ԥ̾һʼһԭ¾Ȼйء
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ȻǶڴԣΪѪ壬츳ͬʱȴֻ̫ࡣ
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ҲԭԭѾԼѹһϣ׼ˣԼпĴȻԼ˵ǧ֮һʱһ뵽ɻڴＸǰ϶飬ͷϲǿϲ
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ʱһŻȻ򣬵Ϊʲô˵Լһͷʱһų޲Tħһشġħ䡷ԭΪͿԼò߳һ
ȴ˵һµʱħǿӣ˳¾죬Ϣٹȣνһǳɣվɵ
ѪħԪħʱȴ⣬ǾħͲá
ԭ򣬿νҲҲǿо磬ħʱ򼸺ûƿħħ࣬ĵħѰͬħ޵İٱǧ򱶡
ˣ̶ʱ䣬ͽѰ֮ġһĴҼˣҲħ˴룬̤ĺڻңңڣҪħǼֱ顣
һпʱ򣬺²Ҳָһı鶼Ǿĵӣ·ӽԺһˡ
²ԴСĵѯʵʴˣЩʹħˣȫģ
Ȼħ֪һҲ˵ͷЩħ˻ãǿбİ취㵽ħô
Ϊһħ׼ڻ˭֪Ȼĳһ䲻ãѯܷٸ㵽ħˣ²ͬʱһһʱϱνζӳɡ
Դﾪ̾˵Ȼ飬ഫѪУǧ֮һܹħĵħ˶ǣǱԽߣԽƺȴõĻ࣬ǱʳѰһš
һášĸ֣ͷЦѣҲԼħ˵ԭֻǿˣҪܲó취
Ƭ̣²ؽͷ̧¶һۣƺʲô²سһһֵˣСһ취ڶʱŪħˣֻΣգȡ


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һûжԺ²˼̫ϣû뵽Ȼа취æʵкη˵ν㹻Ҳǲðյġ
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ħű⿴ߣ
ʣԴԾĽгһȻ޲TϾֱ˵һС
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²ص˳ǣóöһˡ֮ԭվں²һ֮£ͻȻ˳ĸһ
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֪뵽˱ıأǱĶΪӣҲϤĺ²һ˿Ц߰ɣ


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ȻսƽռݵԽԽħž¶ǾǸ࣬ȴ١
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һ֮УħӶ˴ԴȴҲʧ˲ٸ֡޲TΪңԭΪħǵһֵ޲TħȻʧ١Ӵ֮ʱ޲Tħħֶεħǵ̲

ʱԼǰ޲TħͻȻһΪͺ¿ʿЩʿ޹רſħŹԭħ½ھۼħĴƻ紴רħ
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ͬʱԭһռ޲TħǵħһȺʿΪԷսҲת֧޲TħǵħţṩΪĶƣͺ¿޲Tħ֮ϡ
Ӵ֮ʱ޲TǵħһȺʿͽֻ챻Ƶ£ûгֻܹܱ֮ԭ˽ǧʱ䣬ħѪԭҲʼʳ
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˵²ɫ΢΢һ䣬ҡҡͷҪʲôʹľ˦ȥӡ
⻰ԴɫҲÿȭͷ·¶ģǷҪڱץסʱѡ˶ϡ
ʱͬ⻰һһ˿֮ɫִ̧˴ԵȻоħȻĥһ˿
ħŶһȺʿͺ¿ǿ֪ĳƺߵʲôô
Դԣҡҡͷ²ҲԳһ˿ãǳ¶˼ģڵʦʱЩͺ¿ɣƺš
ţһԹԵ֣һȻ֮ɫͷȴޱȵ𾪡
޲Tǣͺ¿֣Լܹѹħŵ¼ЩԾ½Եΰò񻰵Ľ磬ܵϤİѾ³˼֡
ţʱΪɷͬޣοǷŵӣ䵽ħ֮ϣȴķţһҪڷŵƤӵħ±仯޳ȻԤϣȻˣҾħ޵ݼʶʶ⴫˵ܹĩ٣磬ŵڤĴ־ķŰɣ
뵽˴һһʵħΪϣħĥҲʱս˼ɵһ֮С
һȽ֮У²ҲȥħȺȥ磬һ˿˿̴ðħڡ²ºܿı֮Ϣ½۶ȥ
˺²·˴·׶ڱԵؽѲߡһ·СĶܷſܵ̽飬ҹһƵĳǳڡ
ǳأ²жǼ֮ɫָųǳضһʹˣǵˡ
⻰һ˵ͷû˵ʲôԴȴʵǱôôֻһճǣԫбڰˣб⣬ôӵóŵѲ顣
²ԣصһЦ˴ǰħŵһǳأֻһƫԶСǣͺ¿ռݵĴڡñ֮˵ĸ֮ˡ
ѵ˼ǣľг֮вɣ
ⲻڳС
㷽˵ôһϻʲôã
ȻãⲻٳΪǳرǱ⡣


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ʲôǳرǱ⣡ԴԾĽ˳
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һĻԴһһѾǳѾͬһĴڣܽıɼһѰ
ԴһĳԾͬ²¶˼ȱ仯Ǹ֮ɫ
ʰ飬ָָԹһڵŻ²΢΢һЦǱڣʦñǱʦ뱦֮ѷͺ¿׷ƴνùһʱ㲻һ
ߵ·ϣ²ؼ򵥽һ͸ԴˡԭħʣԴʱ֮õĴͱ֮һħŵĴܣ֪֮˽ħ߲֮š
Ϊʮǰһۣ޲Tħʧ٣߲Ҳʧٵʧ٣ɵɣ֪ڵģҲæսֿħɣһڣԴǰ֣ħű˵ħѪԭһ⼸Ϊ֪Բ
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һУѾŻǰ²ֽ̧ԿƬŻ֮Уֻ֨һǺڶŻȻһ
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һɻı飬²æָԹѧ֮ʱʦ˵˴ħһˣǵħóŶݼף֮Դ˴˽֮⣬ԹءǲϤ˴֮ˣʮа˾ŶӻƣʧޣħۼǰҲҪһƤܳȥȻʹ˷ģΪػ֮ˣʦϤ֪˼ÿһͨϸڣǴ·ЩؾԱܹ
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ŶȻʣ˵С֪һס²ڵЦ
ãҵʺܼ򵥣Ǿһ·ħѪԭħ޵Ĺؿ½зŽ̽飬˵׼ص˼䲢⡣ټǶԱȡ̽ȡȻˣôһأΪҪҶˣǧҪ˵ʲô֮ĻŪңԼŵġ
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첻
첻ʹ˿²֪ΪػˣȻΪȡ֮ˣܹ˽ⱦ֮еһϸڡͬЩر֮ҲǿơϵʦʦҲΣΪ˱ЯǱӣΨһһܹƵһĽ֮Уֻס㱦⡣㱦⣬ҲʦüһҶӵħѪԭ֮󣬾ûгһջȡΣʹ˼ħˣʦҲʹ˰˵ܹȡøһıأԲðǰ˵һȡǷǺȻ֪ϸڣҪ̶λ


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£֪Թ߷ǲյϸߵĳ̶ȣҲߵȷĵطΪһв̤ͻԹƫԭλǧ֮ңҪ;ô򵥡
ź²غͳСߵ龰һȣԭԹħŶݼףϵѾǷ켫ˣǲ֪·˽˼䣬²ʮа˾ҪУʮʮˡ
˴ԽԹԼĪʱһ²غͳ¶ɫһףæתͷһ͸Դ
һ˿ǰǰѵʲôɣ
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һԣ˼ĵ˵ͷЩݣʱ鲢ô򵥣µħƳʺϴ򿪱ĻƿΪպħû֮ʱħŵǰȡˣԼûħƣҲʹΪõڻȡ
뵽ħ֮ԼΪ֮飬һͷħŵѪпʶȻЩᵱ˵ֻĿ˺²¶һۣ˵ͷȻˣһ԰ɣ
䣬һν֣һݾͳǰԾȥͨо֪ǰûпռ壬һ·ֱ壬תתǣͷȫᣬ־סͨ
ûлϢЩǻˡ
һոնͷͻ޾ͷƳ۾ĺ챦ʯ˸Ѫ⣬Ǻͬʱǻڹһ
ܵӭĹιǿ磬һתۣԿƮȥͬʱҲͷͻ޵˸ţͷÿһͷȻ弶޵ǲʩչ¾ܱȵһͷ弶ˡ
Ļޣһμʶ޵ʱǶУʲôޡȻ䣬ͷɾͲ̫ԶˡȻħƷضƷǽƾͷң쿪ˡ
һһЦԭͣܵκͣǵٶܣֽӡͷͻ޳ɱȥһ󱬺ͱը֮ԭͷƺպյĻ˵ڵأк챦ʯʧȥ˹ʡ
һս̧һУĽЩһĻ²¶˳˳Ծоϲæǰһƨһ
ЩĿޣһ飬ֻ˵һ߰ɡ²ʦֻͣ·
˺һȾһС⣬Ǻ²ض˰յǸ룬·
ЩǿҲֻ弶޵ˮ׼һǰǿвһ㣬򵥵ͽ¡
ڣһݺ²ʦ˵һڡڱǰһͷʰ쵵λȴסȥ·


һһ ռ
ʹˣʦò²⣬ǰ⼫пǵʦ֮أˣбСܹõر֮˵Ǿл򿪺ͱ⣬˵Ǿţһë㹻ʹʹˡ
ŶȻˣǴ˴ֵǲСҽͷ򿪱⿴ɣ
˵䣬һҪѽǰʱԴȴһǰ
ʹˣһǲУϣ
һ룬ͷһҲá˻
ԴٺһЦ˫ͳȥһ·Ϊһ̫뺷ûжһ֣뵽Ǽȥõܶûķ֣ؼʱ̣ӧ
ͷ߱ͬһԭأŸԴ￿ʮ֮ڣͻȻѾһ˫͵ͫӶŸԴ·𿴵һ㡣

Դһһݣᵶ㿳
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߼״Ҳ˿ӳһԭɻɵȻ鶯ͬߣ͵ҲԴȥ
ԴﱾѪȻ츳룬ȴҲĺڵΪʵνħ죬Ȼ˺ܶˮϾסڶҪؿĴڣҲͬСɡ
һʱ䣬һһߴһſνɿ֮󣬸Դƾһߴɣ󲻹ǰ֮ѹסٷĹͬʱ䣬һ촫Դһͷ­ԳĻزͣ˷ķ
ĨĨͷ飬ԴﷵصʹˣҲնɱһͷ
һԣ֪ʲô˵ͷܺãǴ˼ţ˺ı⣬һٲһݡ
ԴҪľ⻰ɫϲæ˵һȥˡһߵġʬ塯˾ͳȥ
ӽӲƿϵĽƣ֨һ֮󣬱һ۱һűУֻϲûʲôЩ֮ҲǿտҲ
ôԴЩźòնɱ˻ޣû뵽򿪵ľȻǿտӡ
²غͳҲЩ֪룬ҪȴҲͲϵǣһûйԹԵĳȥ
һǽڵڣʮ߲ħĿݹǶϣȻħŸڴˡ
ԭˣһͷȻ΢΢һЦˣ˼ûбˣΪıﱾͲΪ˴棬רΪػṩ֮ãڴ˼֮ˣ²ǲ²һ㣬ǵʦԼ汲ɡ
ǰһ䣬²뵽ʲôҲ¶Ȼı飬һ䣬Գ֮ɫæЩʬ
Ƭ֮󣬳·һϲĽҵˣʦĺǣػ˵š
ܿ죬һöħѪơ͵һУ˿һȻֳܷʶ̽飬ȴԼоһⶼйڲǿħԪЩϵ
ֻǴʱƲʱһţú²ش·ȥ
Ҳ֪Ϊʧޣһ·ȻҲޣȴûһͷǰһ㼤һˣֻһţ˹ȥ
ЩޣһȻһ·һ·ܹûЩ޼һ֧޾ӣʵ֮ǿܹеùһѰˡ
˰֮һƷǰƷ֮Ѫܵġʱ²ԴŵĸһԭѾ˱㣬Ʒ֮Ǳڲ㣬ıﴢڡ
պ²֪ڲռԹ٣ɱȴӣԹĿֲڡνΪΪʳȻѾ˴Ȼ޹
һ׼֮ں²صĴ֮¾ʹƷڲȥûã²˵ɱ¶׶ǿһԸЩ嶼ҪСĲͨ⻹к²ָǻ֪´յأԻˡ
Ȼһ·Ҳǰ׹Ǵһ˸֮󣬵һǰֻǿŴϵĽƣһ֪ٿЩˡ뵽ŵãħԪעС
Ȼŷĺڹ֮£Э֮£ںƽƣ򿪴һʱһɹɱӴų·ٻˣͶ뱦Ļһ


һһһ ·ɱ
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һ²أ¶һֽ˻룬Դ״Ҳæ񣬿Ψһ׵Уӭɻ˱⣬ûз˱ܵ˼
²æһľͷһ㣬ֱֱⱦ⼴شǵĺҲƬ֮󣬱⽥æǰ鿴ȴһ飬˿ûܵʲôӰӡ
ʹˣ㡭²̽Եʵ
֮ˣǶԸ־֮ҲãԸҲЦˡ
һǵ˼˵Ϊӡȴı䣬ǿȴıġȻһЦĻ˻ֱ֣֮ȥ˳ԾͬʱҲæȥ
뱦֮УĲǰһΪؿ֮õıһͬǣļǸֱǵҩǷ䣬νĿĿϾӡ
һһ·߹Ҳѡֻǲȡһ뱦ֱһƳǰʮʽĴ档һħԪעУһ֮̽±֪ľ
üһħˣȻȫħˣһ򡭡һȻʮħˣʮǾǰħˣ㹻ҽħΪ֮۷壬ĺˡ
һǹһ˿Цݣ̧߸²ˡʱ֮ⱻϷϣ»ص档
Թĸ֮²ѯʵĿ⿴һʹˣѾõһ⣬֪ǷҪ
һüͷһʵ֮ıǷܹõ
²ԣһ˿âҡҡͷܷõҲ֪յʦ˵֮УСһʮͱ󱦿һؿһԽ룬Խ࣬ҲҲԽڱǵһС⣬ΣͣҲ٣ҪﵽڶС⣬Σճ̶ȿ»һԣһлǿʹ˾񡣡
һβ֪²һֲǽƤ߸ԼҪû̽ĵסҲں˼룬һЦȻˣǾһڶɡ
⻰²ͬáϾΣ࣬һסҲ£ܶ࿪һ⣬ܹõĺôҲԽࡣ
Ȼ˼ȥ²ǰ·һ͸Դﲻɼ£ʦýһصƺʲôջΪʦֵĺ²ؾҲֻӡ
һٴγȥһ·ϹȻΣأһ壬к²غͳµָ㣬ҲӦӲϾһҲһλط䳲Ĺ¹˲ʣϱֻضУڻٶ֣ûܵ˺
ٴξٶ֮һڶС⡣ǰһ㣬֮󣬿ʼ˶һϴ١
ڶСȻбһħǴһöӵö
Ȼһȡ߳ɣʮöħ˷䣬ÿ˵õʮöħˣ˵ѰʿǺ²ħڸ˵ʮ־޴ĲƸ
ѹڶ֮ٴǷҪǰѡһΣ֪Ǹ౦Ĵ̼ǳڱ˼²һ̬Ȼǰһ⡣
飬һ͸ԴȺʾͬ⣬һٴγȥ֮ǰǿ˲٣㻨ʮʮҹÿ϶ƲŴﵽ
ǰһ׼ѹǽƣӶ򿪱ţȴ²ֹס
ʹˣʮСÿһ飬һһĽʮǿ󣬲С˴߶ѹƽƣȻȫƽӡΣ
ŶȻˣǾͽɣ
һͽŽ²أϸԴ¾׼ƽӡ
ʱһը촫ǰķ򡣱һ֮ħһıըֻӰӱը̳֮л߳ǰһ̻ڰ֮⣬һ̾ǰ
ʱſ󣬶һһһ׳һݣȻͷ⣬н̵ĺС
һģɶ۷ң¶ϰ״·˱ը¶ƤϸǽӲӣͬɣټǲŭĿԼǽħƣֻһħա
ұһģ봹أ֫ݣ·һܽߣһ˫Ŀ֮ûһǣų峹ǻ۵Ĺâ΢΢һ̴ľ飬·𶴳Ĵһ㡣


һһ Ե
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һ䣬һ͸Դ˶ʱԼʲôˡԴǲаȡ˫ǰڳһֿģһĿ˶һۣȻûжԽ˽гҲ׼ʱ֡
ͺ¿֣׳˶ɮĿһŭҪȴǱɮ˻
ֻɮ˺޵жԾػһɴͣ˫ֺʮһ΢΢һЦӷƶɮʦܷԲλʩʦ³çʩؽ磬£
һһ㶣֪ŵŲ绹޲T϶׼Ĵʣû뵽һμ棬ԷȻô
ѵǲķŵӣǣű֮ɷԶﴫﲻɡ
뵽̲ס˿ĺ²¶ˣǶ˲ûΪԷͣɫѿ
ԣҥֹߣнܣλ᲻֪ƶ񡣿һŹ֣ҲĩĽ
һţûΪԷĺķСļ֡ǷԼ룬͹çײĺʵҲҪ˵ЩõĶ˲˵ҪҵıҾ͸ƴˡ
һһɱļƣǷԲŭһһ̤Ҫһȴһȡʦܲ񡯣ס
תͷһһЦӷʩᣬʦǰֻΪʩһԵ
Եһüͷ΢壺ʲôԵԵԵҿҲʲôԵ
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ԭˣһΪηˡԭĺ֮оǰԵ֮⣬˵ĶֻҪһԵ־Ҫᡣ⻰֮ȻʩͽһԵǲʩᣬ½µľһݶԵˡ
һԵĸԴҲߣֳ˫ָŷкȵߣһԵҲʩأ
ԣתͷ˿оȻһ˿ϲЦҿλʩҷҲԵ֣ƶɮΣ
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м״黨Ц̧һ㣬һɫɳȻסԴ˫ýԴ״ŭȻһѪںħմȾ֮ϣĥħͬʱϵķҲ˼֡
϶Դﶪ˫ֵһһ˫ƳдȥѪֽħĺڣһĥĿνǿޱȣƣһ֮ҲԿɽʯ
пһǵǿֱ˳ӣȻҪԴһӲӲ
Դ״¶һ̵ЦݣʹʮɵĳԽȫȥǼƣƺԷط
˫ӵǰһ̣߳һɽһķɳǿµ֮ϡһ˲䣬ǿݵͬһǴԴһɶµĽմ󺺡
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һ˫΢΢һУϳʹһõġɽ䡯ǰлֱʹù֮ͨеġسɴ硯Լʨ𹦡һȷԼ֮Ĺϵ
һ˿ԷⷽеΪٱӡ֮ǰ߳һ㣬ǵͬԪӤķŸ֡ҲֻܽС֮ͨеġɽ䡯߶Ⱦ磬ƾһ֮ǿ԰ħ޵ĺܡ
ں²غͳµİ֮˻ĸԴȻõҩסƣҶ֪һʱսˡԭ;·ŵĺ²ʦüɫѿһָܹ
ħߵҲͬһвû̫ϲ򵥵ջزɽָͨһģɺʮһЦӷλʩԵŹԵˣسɷ𣡡


һһ ս
һɻָŵһз·ص¶֣ټһԲлûж֣ѾƱöһһʮֲ
һϢ۲⣬²ɫѿֽͬһ㣬ΨǸԴﲻţڡͷͺ¿ŭţ·ͷ֮ޡ
ʮ֮󣬷ԲٴοڣǴͷ˵һЦλʩǿˣҷţɵôǻۣ֣׷Ųɫ࣬Դʵڡ
һԣһЦʲôǻۣ֣ĳϡҾϲɫ࣬ϲŮˣܽ
˵䣬Ҫ⼤ŭУȻֽ̧һԵĳץڻУһץһӻ·Ǽϸζһ
˭֪зǵŭǺһЦԭʩϲôɫ֮вҲãҷŴǧблϲ֮֮࣬еôǻۣ֣Ƿʩϲá
˵䣬Ϻ֤ʲôһ㣬ַųһžһƪƪģѰĲŮ֮֮ɲŮϻ˫ַʮ걸ҹܺ÷ǵѰħ֮ǿ˲١
һᣬһҲһ㶣ûﵽѵķ֮оȻ·ҿӣƺǷͳ֮һӡ
̰ƺɫħŵӣ¸ղһ¾Ѿҡˣħ֮ˣһŵļᶨޱȣȻ԰ʦѧգոͶţΪľżһȴġ
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⻰һЦ⣬ķԲȴǱ˺þãһ¶֮ɫһ巽кʮʦ֣ҿħ̫ýħѣźùҷš
ԣƺҲһЩҩɾȣڴӦԲеս΢΢ͷȻˣǾͷʦˣֻҷԴȱΪʦһУҲþȹ
Բɫһϲ˽ħǰĿһһۣħͷƶɮһᣬҷ𣬷ҾҪħ
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ԲŭһһⱩǶÿһһɽ䡯ʮɽ䡯ӳֵԲϣȷŷиǿĳ̶ȣ·һָƵһɽӡ
һ״ȴ˿壬һһƤʼǿͬʱǿħԪҲʼע֫ٺ֮Уһǿ
һ֮ǽħ޽ײһ𡣽һһȻֵסԲеļӳ֮ľں²ص˾ֵĺ֮УҲ÷
Դﲻͬһ䵽ϣЩǱȴûаƣϢûа㲻ȡǹһ˿ЦƬ̶ͣϢصٴλӽԼٶȳԲɱȥ
Բû뵽һԼһ֮¾ȻսԾ֮ȴңĶɽ䡯˽ħƳһɱȥ
һ뷽ԲжʱɱһһٶȿɼԲԵƵ˵ǷԲռϷ硣ʱ͵һ˽ħƽһɳȥһȴµ»ٴһ
˴ʱ䣬һϰٴȴ£ԲȴԳ֮ɫһνһ֮һûеһأŭһԼ˽ħɱȥ
²ɫһףΪһ׶༪١һȴǲϲ˫΢΢ǹһ˿üƵЦ
Բʦܣħͷˣթ˻أǿʲô飬һæͨҲһ˳Բ׷ȥ
Բ÷ѣʱ֪ʲôʱѳͨǿȴҲѸǼϲòʱ򡣿һǹаЦŭһ˷ת˲ּӳʮͨϣ˴ħһǰĳһײ˹ȥ


һһ ȡʤ
ħͷ
һŭ𣬷ԲϷ⣬ħ֮Уͬˮ͹죬ٶٴ
һ״һЦһֳֽһһ˿˿ѪڵħԪںΪһע޽Уԭֻһʹõ޽¶Ŀһ˿˿ϬޱȵĽ޽棬һɾԵĽнɢ
һ򷨣
ʱһڽʫɴ֮󣬵һķһ򷨡˵ֻħԪ߶Ԫֱ֧ȲõһʱΪ٣ȫ޽壬˽һҲǲСһ˴һ㳯Բֱɱȥ
ܵһԲɫףһֱڵķɫҲʮѿæз飬һ⻷ҪԲеֵһ
˭֪ʱһǹһ˿ЦһѪ絽޽ϣ˴̼΢΢ƫתȻԲУײ֮󣬳ֱȥ
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оһʱһĿһʼͲǷԲԼֻʱ̫﷽ԲзһҲɵֵĸо
ʦ֣㣡
ԲҲԼ³çһᣬæŤתξͳһײȥ
ҹɣ
һһһĳһʮɴСѪɫӡǣһһֽԲסһͻСȻʮ֮һ֮󣬷ԲֱƷҪٰ﷽Ѿ
سɷ𣡡
ֳɽͨһԼҲȻ緽񣬵ȴ֪йϣʶͨ˵ͬ衣
нȻ޹òٻֶΣһĿĽ˳ǰ
һͨһҲǡζĿȸЩȻϢƣľ˫Ŀ磬·ˣȴʧ˻һ㡣
ʹСģЩŻͺ¿ȡħɣǿ󣬶ҾͨǰֶΣѶԸһֱһԵĳæѡ
ԭˣû뵽ζȻãܹΪˣҲԸҡ
ֻһһεָħӡȺɳѰʿһڶγУ»ܶùȥЩȻʿɣСӦȴ㷽пƣҲҪһ˲һ˲ٴε֣ӡ
ʱһ뷽ֻɲ֮ûа谭
Ϭһڽֶʩչ߳ţٵͷһ뻯赲һһɽ䡯ԼһЩһʶͨӳֵϡ
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һָֻһž죬Ǵæųٽ˲ɻ赲һöûУһ˲ϢѾֱֱеüġ
ҷȱȴ󱯣ħţ̧ɫֱһָ
ҪħҾ֪ʲôеһħһɣħ̷𣡡
һ˿Ϊ۹۱ǣǹģĹ۽о̶ֱȥڽ˫֮£ֱѹڷеָϡ
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ħͷң
һȴƿ˷ӡķԲг˳ʩչسɴͨһһ֣æӶħƣȥ
һ״ȻһЦ跽Բд棬ֱ˵²ǰ
ողżʶһֶεĺ²ǳԾʱ򣬼һæӭȥûƨͱֹס
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²û뵽һȻ˵仰һԾģʹ˵ĵʲôСͺ¿ɱﻹʲôֶΡ
һһҪٸˣ˼ѵΪĴҲ֪ôҸһᣬʲôֶξʩչܹѣƣٲ׷򼴱Ҳɱ㣬ȷŴ٣Ҳһ
⻰²ضʱƱƣɫˢһף뵽ʲôЩԥ
ʱ¿Ȱ˵ʦ֣㻹˵ɣݹʦõĲ˵ʦ˵Ҳˡ
¿ƣ²ڷ˼̧֣ȡǰȥػָ沦Ū£ҲԿģ֮ǰŵԿмơ


һһ 뿪
²ؼţȻһ仯ĳЩؼĺԿףתͷһû˿˷ܣһ˿֮⡣
ʹˣС˵ֶΣʦµһ֣С͵СܿԣʹСһ˵ţ˫𽻸һ
һԣĽԿ˹һһ˿ħԪעУһϢԿ֮дԺ֮С
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˵ͳ̶ȣͬħɵķȻûƷħӳ֮ǿҲѰͻȻ֮£һĺ弶ҲҪˡ
ЩҲֻǸΪŵܹ֮ƶǴﵽֱӴӱֱӴﵽؿ֮С
ȻνҲô״ﵽҪħӡܿһáûκҲܰ쵽һŲƷʽǾֱӴӱκεطȥ
ͨһŵãһ˺²صĴ㣬ҪԼʱ򣬵ԼˣȻȡ˵С⣬ֱʹߡһñܽٴȽгɻٴȡ
뵽һ²ʱǹһ˿Ц²ؼ״ʱ֪ԼƱƣ뵽һƣŵͨڵء
Сֻһʱ̰Ըˣ
һ״һˣһʱ̰ҲãǶҲգҷ˵ֻҪ㽻ܾͷ㣬ȻʳԡңǲʹͷҲɣγҷֵټ㣬ɱ⡣
²ؼԼӹһ٣æߺлᣬһҲתͷº͸Դˡ
ȡ͵ΪֹҿͨһöǳȥһǼȻûбңҿԸѡһǸһͬħᰳǣպֻҪǲѣұ㲻ǣڶǿȥӴͬ·ˣ֮¾͵ûѡɣ
һжѡ񣬸ԴĿ˺²һۣǿʹһһݵʹ屡죬Ը档
һͷһáһӣһöɫɳֱԴڣԿҲ⻪һŸԴʧŵýͳ˱⡣
أһתͷ¡
ң¿˿һֿ˿²أһ˿һһ򸣵Ըʹˡ
ãһһ֣ԿٴηһڹƹҲʧ
ֳ˷ԲУֻʣһͺ²ضˡԴͳ¶Ⱥʧ²ЩżˣһҪ˵ʲôȴ֪˵ǲ˵
ģһȥ㻹ҵסƬ̣ȡһߡ
²ɫ˲СеĶ֣㷽ŴӦǰӣȥɲʳ԰
һ²һǱһЦֵ͵ֵ˵ȻұֵһʱƬӦû⡣
˵䣬޽׸²ء֣²ҲоⱦķͬѰֻǻûϤ޽ϱɱȥ
бһüƴˣڻָԲΪ²ؾȻǰƣԲȻŭȴһ͵Ϯҷģֻܷͨ仯ɫ˻סκ²λӽ֮
һ״һЦţǵСȥƬ֮ŵİ֮£˴ţһǱıǰ
֮еıǰҪ࣬ҲѲһʱ䣬Ȼʱ˽ӿռ䣬׼˴ĴЩħˣҲֱӾʮ֮ͳ˿շһ
棬²ػڱ޽ʹУһУ²˴й
ҹɣҲϣٿ㣡һһٴηţ²Ҳʧ
˿ǵڵصУһǹһ˿Цû뵽һμŵӾӣҲ֪һμ棬ʲô
뵽ٲֱӷţһʧԭء


һһ 
һʧ󲻾ãлתӷԲпе֪һ֮԰׵Ŀ˲仯ŭĿģܿͻָ
û뵽ħͷȻƶɮܹʦֵ֮һħͷȰӶһħűţԳɹˡ
Ȼˣ֪ʦкμƲߣʦԸΪǲ
ƣˣδڴ˴Ҳﲻæлط£뷽¸ǰ뷽Բʦܾڴغз紵ݶһСĴãǲܴãҵҰԮǰ
ԲԣֳһơȥԼڵأʶɢ̽𶯾
ȴ˵һ֮Ųȥոսȿռ䣬оһԼƹܳȥ
뽫֮ƣоǵûж⣬ԼøԼޡħ䡯ħԪмͬԴϢͣǹԼǣȥ
һ⻪תһصԭռ䣬Լ֮ؾȻһɼңһ̨֪ʲôϣһħܲͬʱʱʱ̶̿ħԪгɢС
һǱ֮еһ䣬Ȼûгʣ²Ѱ⣬ѵһؿ⣬ؿⴢĶؾ̨ϡ
һȥħֻǵų⣬оʡϸ̨㿴ؿ಴ĶûУֻһöһöȭͷС״죬ɫʵѡ
Ҽ֮еּ䣬ڹϹޣޣ޵ļ֮ҵһ֮ƵĶǾϹŴ˵֮ѵѡ
Ϲ֮ʱ己ʢΪޣΪޣƶбޡ׻֮ƿķȹأ֮Ϊޣ̰óΪһɶֹȥųܹ磬ڻ硣
һ뵽޵ѣһС˼֡ϸ۲һŷѵĲöѱһѪɫԭӦǿԵ΢ɲ죬ħϵĹУάţʱҪϾ
öѣһһöѣۣʮа˾žѡϹžѾͨɱöϾ±١ֻ˴ʿһħѰҲ˿ö㲻ѣҲԶöѾǰܷħǽⶫո±ʲôﶼǿҲᱻҲˡ
뵽Сöϸһ£ڽӴһ˲䣬һ˿Ȼһ˿˿ռƣһ˹
üһ
һһæ˿ռѷͬϸ˿һ΢ɲ죬ȻÿȴҲһУָһӣһѪϡ
ϵһѪһ뵽귲ʱһЩµ飬еѪ飬ɰЦѵȹѪھҪϲɡ
ȻʱǵϵѪһ˿仯ȴֱӱУһ˿΢ģгȥˡ
࣡
һһ۾ϳһı壬һֱǿʵĲࡣ
ֻһ˿ûвãǱϢٵһ˿ǿ͸˳ԭҰɫҲ˼֡
ѵ˵öѣֻ첻㣬Ŵͨڲļʼһ˿ǷŽָɣ
óۣһԽԽÿܡ
ⲹϹŴɣ̫ϵǬ˵ҲյĲ֣λǬɽһ˳֮ʡ
̫ϵͬԴԪŽĻԼϵЧѾΪһĴڡ˵ƣԼѻСϣҲЧ׿Ⱥ
Ϣٵѣ࣬첻ɾЧҲˡ
˵ǿͶ㹻Ĳ࣬ǾпӵһͷϹսսҪԱˣ
һ뵽¶ϲ֮ɫû뵽ֻȡħħȻıˣν֮ϲ
ѵҲжţһ֮ѱ룬վ֮ߣڷĹ֮뵽ѱ֮ʵ벻
֮һٲɣöֶΣڽй֮̽ʹһ޴Ĵؿߡ
ԭؿڣֻһǹһ˿üƵЦݣžʧԭء


һһ 
ǰ⻪תһ̣һͳһڰ֮СǰĸԴ£²ڴ˴²ڶԳȰ˵ʲôȻԥȴûдӦԴһ֣ȴΪˣûǰ
һĳ֣ʱú²سһæԶҲæƿһ
һ״ǵĮһֲκҲ˵ˣҪҿôѵΪڷƨɣ
²ɫˢһףŸճʱ׼ߣһû̳֣Ϊ⣬Ȱ˵Լȥ˭֪˵һͱץ˸š
ʹˣСֻǽʦúúźˣʦã
һתͷ˳һۣһ˿һһΣҷǰ֣Ǳֽţһܵʲôеζҹ
²һ֣Գһ˿ϲɫߵлһ֮תߣƬ֮ʧںڰ֮С
ú²ȥæݵ°лʹˣʦΪȻթȴо֮лһ
һһ㲻˵תͷԴɫЩ԰ףѯʵж
Դ԰һݣٺЦлСѾָ˴룬˵жǴҲԡ
һͷһáͷȥ˲ã棬ѾһƬ֮УԶԶԿǱڡ׼ȥʱֻʮɫݹ½λ÷ɹ
û뵽ŶôѸ٣̶ʱҵǰ֪һĴڣֻ򿪰ˡҺһſԴͣ׶༪ˡ
һҵͬʱҲ׼ܹͣ·֮סϢʼ֮·
̵һ·ϣŸֶԭѲӷ١Ϊ˳뿪½صħѪԭ֮ϡ
־µĸ·֮ڽħᰳǵĵؽ磬֮ǰźŽټϢռ֮һ˷µٴλħᰳǡ
һλطȻ˺²أȴûΪһħڸΪһ˳֮󣬳Хһʹٴò˹ע
˶Ϊ£ȡһҪӣλʱȴ˸Դ¶˷ʹʹ˳
һžһʱ䣬ʹ˸Դͳ¶棬һЩճ⣬һһ涼û¶
ֱһգһʹӦִµĸԴݣϣ˳£һͬһ
һһչ֮أһʱ䣬촫ǳصҴŻ򿪣һ˳
һΣһ˿䣬һۣ֮ǰһϢȴͬһ˿˿ħƵƯнͷһ
֣ڸԴͳУ˳ԾǳԾһ˿Ϣһй¶ϵĳԾϲæ
¹ϲ˹˳ĺڡ
һǲϲųһʱһʱʱݵľݣħޣȻҪһ
ţһ˴ħˣڽĺڣѾӽ֮ǰһһǰԴһսҲֲ˺ðɣ
⻰ԴϲɫŨǶһνһپһһܹõ֮λҲˮǴߣ˵պҲŪһʹһ
ˣǽҽѣʲô飿
˴г˷һţйذҶ˲Ҷᡣ
˵䣬½ݸһһӹһ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ԭǽ׻ᣬǿ֪⵽ʲôȻҪ
ˣν׻ᣬһεħǸǰ޲TħǸǳؾٰĽ׼ᣬǸħǶвͬ籾ħޣħˣһЩ֮ࡣȻЩƷ֮⣬ⱦ֣˵ħƪ鱦Ƭ֮ۡңͨĽ׻ᣬٰһʢᡣ챦Ѱ˸޷ᣬܹͬȥҲܹġ֪˿ɻǵһǰһΡѡȨʹá
һûеһ£Ѳôһ¶ͷԭˣ˵һεĻңһᣬ¾Ͳ˳ˣһҲ˷ѡһʱ䣬ȻҲ·ɣ˳㿴ûкöɣ


һһ űͫ
һĽ׻ڱѹƵ޲Tħ˵һѵõʢᡣħǵʿǰ౾ħ޶Ըѡʱ䷷͹ƷÿһͳǳضƽɢħѪԭϵħޣԭֵĳǳظԷ
һǽ׻еգҲ̶ֳȴﵽʱħᰳʹڴ򿪴ţһ£Դһˣʹ㳯ħᰳΪĽֵȥ
·ϣƽĽֵѾ˸ʽ̯λ̯λ֮иﷷϣҩޣ챦ȣй伮ףһμӹУΪƣҪ˵ʲôͬǾǴ˼䷷Ʒħ裬ҽòʯħˡ
һ·ϣһҲûʺϵıֻǴʱΪӡȻһʱ䣬ħΪﵽĺڣҲûȫ⿪ܹʹõǵʶ֮̽飬ȴԶԶȲϵҪΧѹαȴǰ첻
ȴҲϷŹûᣬͷһħԪԺӡɿƬ̣һС
磬ٴδ򿪷ӡˣǱﻵˣȻôڽףѵϲɣ
Ǽ̣ʫΪ˴ˣСһԺ֮С֮һתܽ˷ų˭֪ȻħӡűӡһԺ֮С
ǰãһħﵽĺڣгӡԺʱȡϵֻʱΪ㹻ֻʱƽӡҪƿȴҪѴ
ü⻰һ΢΢һЦ̶ҲҪżΪûɣҪ򿪷ӡǳѣżǿ绹ǲ㷽Ų¶˴룬ȻҲУʱħ֮УҪ˵ҲħУС
Ѿһе֪СѾͷǵûо֣ΪӼ֮ʱѳеˣԶ˵лħж貨úá
żߴߴĻͣһЦʵ̶ɲԽС׳һ£ҿ˴ûֵȡõı
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Щͨűͫ仯֮ʣĿԣԽǲãԾԽߣԽлϼѵı
С׵Ľͣһ˵ͷĽȻȲʶ̽ö౦ľֱͨӣȴӹ㷺Ӵ˿ԵĴڡ
ǴħˣһڶԳº͸Դ
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һͷҡҡͷС׺̶Լ˵أ׼Ժ֮еķӡٴιϣһߴȴЦһòֿӡ
߰ɣһ죬Ҫһʲôö
˵䣬һ˸Դ˱㳯¥ǰȥ


һһ ɼƼ
ΪԷС׺ͼᣬһųһȻơеϢЩ˵ħŮӶǰһԼҲҡ
¥ϣӭ͵ŮѾ֮ǲΪǱʽŮǼһ˱æӭ
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ʱѾʼƬ̨̣ϣһĵŮһչʾһǹһķƷͣƷԲ˵ɱħĳһνɵʱ֮
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һֻڵĿţϾֵȼı˵Ѿ㲻ǻָΪԼҲԳƣԲġ
ͬǸԴͳ¶˿ۺ첻ѣȻҲħˣһЩ̫󣬶δ¶ֱгʱּƷϵ͵ıӼǮʵĺ⣬ų
һֱȥвٺöֻһܿ۵Ĳ࣬żּΣμ۸񳬹֣Խһֻ˼öѣԼѱѵֶεġ
ʱƣһյڽѹỷڣһﱻһĻ¶ΣʱһĿ⡣
ֻ֮һöƣһɫּ͸¶һɾԶ񱩵Ϣ
ľ
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СҿһһɴϹŴ֮
С֮ƺЩˣӦһáһһУǺľϵı仯ٱ仯һֱʶȥ
ı仯Ȼ޽һдãʮа˾ŶƷˡ
ʮа˾ŶƷã̫ˣƾõĴ֮һܹõݣһд档
һˣһȻ뽫Уڳ˶Ϊ⶯ûڡ
Ȼڼ򵥽˵֮˵пϹйأ۾ֱˣոյͼ۶ʮħ˱һǣƬʱʮħˣֱ׷ʮħ˵ĵز
ʱһߴӺ󷽰֮дʮħˣ
һԭ׼Ӽ۵˶ʱһ㶣ɫѿջ˼Ӽ۵˼˵һ۸ֻΪǶ֪Ǹ䷽ħᰳͷ֮һڶԴ
ܿ죬һ۴һдһ򣡡
ٴΰΪ֪һʿħᰳһһҦׯû뵽ΪźľȻֱ
ȴ˵ԴҦׯΪλȹϵͲͣΪгѹƣǿ£ľȴͬСɣöٴοս
ΪԴҦׯǮƶ٣Ժܿʹһֱɱħ˵ļλʱ򣬰ԴƺΪѷͣһ£ڿǷӼۡ
ʱȫһּž֮УȴŰԴļӼۣҦׯĻʤһͻأĴԱߵİ䴫ҳһʮħˣ
һʮħˡִû̫࣬ȫȴ˷˻˻·˶һ۸ŵˡתͷǰ俴ȥ뿴˭ϻͷϰëֻһеʲôȴ
ͨ˿ڰ֮е˶ˣǺܿ̽鵽Ǹһǰˮ֮伣Ѳʹһ
Ϣ뵽ˣҶʱ뵽Х͸һΡѡȨȲһжһӵСѡȨĳһξ֮гΪǿľ֣Ϊһξ͵ӵħᰳǵĲƸ
뵽һһէԼħҲܴյ𣬲ҦׯǰԴﶼΪһʹáѡȨ֮Ƕͣ˾ġ
źľӸ̨͵һİ֮УӰ֮гȴ
һĻͨҲͰˣ֮еĴǣʱһĲǡѡȨʵʵħˡ˵ڹϲûʲô𣬵һ˲䣬ҶףһȻüƣ衮ѡȨͷͼۼһˡ


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һߴӵһİ֮дԭӦͬĵڶԴ֮ȴһƬž˵˵ʶ֮Уһ½ѲʹҦׯˡ
а֮УǸʱħᰳǳХ磬һĿ굫ȴħޡ
ᰳû뵽ħᰳǾȻôȤҦҵˣаԼҵˣһ֣ҿӣƺֹ֫ͷҲΪĻᰳȻƺ֮
˵ЦˣħᰳǲǱǵһСǰˣżССֶѣȵļҴҵֻ콻׻ᶼǸһξȻԼ٣֪ʲôô
˴򽻵ǺãᰳȻûбȴܽħᰳ÷ˮѹֱัƳ籸ν˲˵һȻдҪᰳʱʱ򣬵ǿһ˵ɣ
˵öԣѵһᣬǾȿ˵ɣ
Хͷ̨ϣ۹ɨһڰһۣһ˿͵ȻԼһöӲǸȷѡ
ȴ˵һȨͷ˸ˣľ͵֮УҲչʾ֮ȱȱȻϼѱҲʺϱٲ֣֮һ˱뿪¥
صʹУº͸Դл˵ͷһת֪ʲôҲǶ˵Ļᣬһչؾͻص֮С
֮УһͳľµĺľͷһһħԪעУϧǡ˱һ±ûзӦ
ܼһľֻǼ˸ˣȫħ֮꣬߶ָҲ֮󷨻ָԭˡöľû˸ָѵаҲû겻ɡ
һƵţȴϾʹ˷ֻʱԭΪ⣬ħΪȻǿֶȴǲֻ࣬ڶ֮ҵһߣǾͬһҹգܹúľһ㷴Ӧ
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ͬ¥ͬǰ֮УͬǽĶǰ춼ͬΪⲢ棬챦ǻҲޣ֮
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ԣһͷͷѱǸող׽౻ᵽ̨֮УһȺħҲæųۡжļ弶ޣǿ弶۷壬ӽĴڣһͷļ۸еħ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ЩޣޣһҲ΢΢ģΪԼûͳ޵Ĵڣ˵Ϲ޻᲻󣬵ԸЩͨȻСһ֧±ȵǧҪ
Ĺ鶯ģһΪ˹ľ㻨һʮħˣѾһٶһһʮ򣬿֮ҪЩˡ
һ֮ջǾԼ⿪ӡҪǷ˴չ޵뷨ֻǾţ˼ʲô
ͷ˺üǮ֮ͻأһƽһϸ̨
һ󶣶֮ϵĲĻ¶֮еȻޣһģɵ
һ״΢΢һϸһеĹȻˡͨ˲ͬЩ˴Щ죬еͷǣеıᣬ޶β֮࣬Ѱ塣
һܣһףԭЩ˲Ѱ֣һ磬ħ֣ˡֻڱ磬ʿԼЩħħͷ١
ɵռһҲͰˣȻԭס񣬵Ҳ˼Ϊ񣬵ħһռڣԭסūһĴڣʿʹǲ
һԵĸԴǿһɻ󣬱æ͵п»֪޲Tϵ屾ҲǱԴħ˥䣬˽ģ˵Ѫ壬ҿҲū
ҲԴ֪ҲֻƤëʵħűǳǿΪ磬ǿ߾һе׼˵壬ԼֻҪʵ䵽ǿҲͬĽŴҽῴȥض


һһ ʿ
һԣüͷ΢塣ܹеգ֮߹Ȼǲ֮ˣ˵ı졯ƫҲǡ
ĴʽΪͬ໥Ϊɱܷ֮Χ֮ڣ˵˵ﷷȴЩȥ
µĲ䣬˵ϾȻ屻ҿƺټָƽһ˿ɫһ˿ڷ
ȴ˵ϣȻڷ׷ۣȴ̫ϵĸȽϺãĸȽϽ׳֮࣬Ȼͼĳ棬ϰΪ֡
˿ò࣬һ죬ʼһһŮŮԵøĿ֮⻹мۣͷһë׵Ķ䲻ϲȻ֪Լӭˡ
һм֮Ůʮħ˵ļ۸һĺħͷߣЦ˵һѪ棬ҪȥΪɲ֮á
һʽ׽ܿӭڶʣʡĲŮ˶ܿ⣬һֱʮӣϰ˱Ϸǵû壬Խӻ𱬡Ϊű屻
Щ֮УС֮⣬Ҳǿ壬֮ǿҲһֵ൱ơ
ЩУһԴΪƵ壬սܣЩǱħϵģԲӰ޲Tħ֮Ѻáĳ棬ΪѪĸԴɫҲЩÿ
ǿ֮һƬߴУʼһڣǾʿķ
ͬͬǷӡͬǣѺĲ壬Լ
֮УһϢ죬ɻħлŮʿһڣɫ԰ף֪ΪߣΪ־塣
ķ׷۲ͬһڰ֮УɫԽѿЦħţħ޼ɵ֪ұ˭ҡˣٶҲܲˣ֮¾͵Ǻ쳾ģν£вԱαˣ飬飬һһ֮ˣԼ͹ϵ֮˳Ϊ֮˰ɣ
һ̾Ϣ;֮УʿٴοʼһʼݣĽм֮ʿһ˳һһꡣ
֮УȻּСоħŸһʿ֪˷ܻأȻ򿪷ӡ˭֪ЩʿһǲϾͷˣ׼ֶΣһַ
ЩħŸ׼ʿͱãǵĶ֣±±ץסӡֻǶħŸֹЦˡ
ҲħŸΪȲʤȯҪ¶ֶΣ򵽵ʿѹסġǰҲͰˣѵ·ӡǿЦҲʲôûУһбգʿҲ
ЩСȻӰ첻̣һԹ֮УȴħǿΪ޼ɵıʣҲӼᶨԼΪǿߵ뷨
һʿϰˣΪߵԪӤ֡ĸ֣㲻ѣҲɱȻҲץסеزԶԶԱ
һԪӤŮħ˵ļ۸񱻵һҦׯ֮һ󼱴ٵĹĵ𣬱һˮӱȻѹᡣ
ûҸĻһܣ˵֪һĺŮħޣҸŮħ޾Ȼħʿ
⻰ڳħһϢΪǶ֪ȻѰŮҪ˫ޣʮԶԸ뾫ħʿһȣǾʨӵĲһãû˵þͱ˲ɲ˸ɾνΪΣ֮
νΣ棬ħʿóҲó羫ԪҲ˵ǵԪǷʹⲻܹѱǱһѵ˫һ˱ȵѰʮֹ
ټͨ˫ܹ֮˫֮ļ֣Ϊħʿ֪ΣգҲԸɶ˻ȥ
ȻûȾۣһħޱߴȻ̲סҪ⴫˵ħŮޡ˼״Ҳڲסֻæ
Ļ򿪵һɲǣһԳƵ̬򷽵ŮӳǰΪɫ԰ףϢ΢ƣڸޱ߷ϡ
һʱ䣬һ̾ͻ˳֮жһȵĿ
ˣͬڰ֮еһˮŮӣûоޣһ˿Ծɻ


һ Ʒ
ôС׵һУҲųԾɻ֮⡣
ףˣôħڵ鹫ӺƷƣҲһ
һС׺ͼ̶Ҳ¶һЦҿⲻ鹫ӺƷƣֻû뵽Ҳ˴ȻץƷ
⻰̡ѽľһ˼Ҳ֪˵ʲôСѯһôӦԴ£
ңһһҡͷȴЩ˵ǶǴħҲ԰һֻǴŮƺе⣬ǽ֪ʲô⡣
⻰С׳Ƭ֮󣬱ҾýסպͻȻ棬ݲ𴩷
һһ㶣żƷҲһû뵽һ㣬Сһ˵Ҳеתһ룬־ЩԾ棬ֻǵʲôԾȴ벻ͨ͸
ʱѾͷҲƵģ˳С׵Ļ˵һƷһһ˼֮ڵͷӦ
ðɣҾͽɣ
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ʱ򣬾Ѿͨʿܹˣһ֮Ум۴˷Ī⻹ħǵǰĸҲ
Хİ֮УһЦû뵽ﾹȻĺûħŮܹ࣬ĺڻûץס˫޵Ŀɾ֮ˣҿŮƺʮϼѣ˵챾һҪҳİʮħˣ
ХҲЦĳĵ̡뵱׽ŮʱǼǳظͬʱŽ׽סҲὫųħᰳǵĵͷϣȻὫȺûɫųţɲҪҲ尡ҳİʮħˣ
ڶλ̸ЦӴʱ֮УҦׯͰԴҲȺӼۣȻݲһ֣ȴԼĵ̣Ƕ˷ħ壬ҦҺͰԼңħȻ١
ߣʲôǰԴȻҸҽһҪ֪Ҧҵҳħˣ
ҦӣΪԼ˲ҰԴҲǳصģҳʮħˣ

ּӼ֮󣬼۸ڰ˰ħ˵Ŀϻһм۵
ХܹħᰳǱ⣬Ҳһϸ£ǵһиһŵԲͣ
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һٴμڳ˰ʮħˣ˵ĺڸ֣ǲħļĸҲһʮ־޴ĿһͷƷҲ۸ˡ
мۣüͷ΢壬Ȼ֧𣬵һأħȴޣϻҪ죬ﻨѹħ˾Щ׽ˡ
˼һ˼м۵뷨Х絭һЦᰳ⸱̺񰡣
ХҡͷһЦȷʵ񣬲һν۸еȳ̶ȣҲѪˡ˵գתͷ˿һԵİڴʲô
Ȼ˶ΪһδѹὫҦׯеʱһХһԵİᴫ
ҳһǧħˣ
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ֻһڽϣ˫ֱŻеĳ£Ƭ̲Ż̧ͷҦׯٺһЦҳħˣõóԸ飬ʲô֮˵ѵǮƲˣˣҲûѹˣҲ̫û˰ɣ
ʲôСӣɣһŭȣҦׯһ߲ƣֱɱһ
һ״Ҳһһӵ˵ƥҪţһǸӣҪǾݹֱˡ˵ţһǿڳﴵö죬ᶼܲס¸졣
ۼ˫ƺҪһսһҲ¶ǳХ硣


һ ݾ
Хĳֶʱȫͣǹһ˿ĪЦݵλħᰳǵĶ֮ţΪС»꣬翴ڱϣҹһƷͼ۸ߵΣ
⻰·ѰȰһ㣬ǡȴ仰Щζ·˵ǲҪˣһԲ˶ߡ
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˵䣬ҦׯһЦӣ챾ͽŮø㣬ɵСıե
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ˣ㲻Ը˵Ҳˣҽǰ򵥸˵˵ǣֻǴʱͬһϵƣܲңҲӲ㡭


һ Ϊ
һ֮һܻĽԼӡ֮˴鶼˵˳ȻħűСǵǱܿᡣƷǳƽƺ֮ǰͺɱ˲һ
˵Լ飬һѯʵغҲˣǱǰ͵ֻǲ֪һ¶ȻҲ˴ѵ˵ħŵƲɣ
ƷԣһۣһβΣħƣΪһô
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Ʒһ㶣һһۣ
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ɱڣƷһ˿籹ĵƺҪ֡
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Ʒһɫͷţ·ֻܼᶨԼģƬ֮ڴ֮лָ
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һһЦƵѲħžӢȻ³ҵ뷨ĳϣܹ£͵ծȻһǧħСĳҲҪһΪ£ǾͶأһΣ
ƷɻĿһһۣҪ͸˼ȴԽԽԣֻܷ
ðɣ꣬ҴӦΪ¡
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ƷԽӹһеġħ֮ġΪħŸ֣ܿͿԭҲ˵Ѫ档
˵޽ˡħ֮ġ˲ʹԭĵжԻӡһϵ֮ԼƷڰΪһ£й¶ݵȵ֮һȡ㹻ħ˽ָȥˡ
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һһʱ䣬ħͻĺڣǾ˼ʱ򣬼㶯˼û뵽Ѳʹһ࣬һõǲ񣬰ˣȻǲҾȥһˣϾƷĶǮȻƣԷɻҲ᲻ǣ
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С׵ĻӶƮעǧ򲻿ֻͼҲѡˣʵ˲ſԡڴʱż̵ЦʱһЩҲסæס˷ӡ


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˰շŵ˵ǡ֮󣬡Բڵĸ֣ͬɵġԪӤħŵġĺڡڣΪԴ൱ټϷ𷨿ħԸԴȻ£ȴҲһж
һܿ㽫Ҳȥ˺ոպõסŸ֣ûгֱֱֻ֣ĶǷŶˣƺҪϲеһС
ʱһЦͻأ֣һŨħȻħˣἸʵʵɱȴǲæġ


һ ˫
źˣħᰳѲʹ֮ܳǰ׽÷ͺͬ˿ݹҳֲ顣һȻ֮ɫһְһңңָŶԷ
Ϊһ˹һЦֵǣӾȻ˵ԼħᰳʹҿǸٳ֣ǽͺ¿ֵܵ
˵ĺðɱǣ˷ͺ¿ǸŮҲֵҲҪ
ԣҪ
һЦ⼸ƺںһһųɽͷʩչʽħɱ
ں֮УЩ˵ʵһ֣һһ۱㿴Щ˶µµ֮ΪĶ¸Դһϸ£ǿӽħġΪ
ӣ
һһ֣̤ιƮ轣Ϭһʹ˶ԷħһȺ֮УһӾҪɱ֡
һͣΪ׺۷еӣֵǽ󣡡
䣬һȺɢҵĺ˾Ȼգۼ乹һսռ졢µءϡšλȥδʮλΪһʮɱ
һһʮɱͷЦѣ󷨴ʦѾȴֳ˿⣬ŭһװҵģһʮɱһ̤ȥ
һʮɱ֮ԭڵħ޷׷׳֣ԭԽ󷨷˾Ȼֻܷӳʮɲɱѹȶ
һЦһһ̤һ֮һӣȻѻæ任ħͷû˼֡
Σԭħƾѹȴ֮ħ䣬ά󷨡
ʱˣ־ýˣ
һǹһ˿Цݣһݣ˲ʮһӰͬʱʮħޣʮҽȺԭħͬʱˣʮɱ˲顣
̫ҲҪӽħԶ빥
ԣԶħһҪӵС
ɱ
ħͷ˷ħһ֪ǽƾͽӵԵҪһȴܡ
ˣȻˣⶼǱҵģû뵽ҵһħСɾҪɱħޣǿЦ
һһЦһֳֽһһŨʵʵħԪע޽Уԭصͽ˲ŷһһ
ɱ
һͺһһɭȻɱⲪȻЩħԪ߶Ľ̻ͬըһ㣬˲䳯˷ȥÿһħ޶ӭٵ
˵ôôħѵ˵ǧ֮һ岻ɣ
ʱ˵Ѿˣߵ壬ˣֵǷɱɣ
ɱɱɱɱȥǻˣȻҿħɷʮۣҦҵӵҲ㲻ù
Щħ޲˷ƴֶΣȻ뽣˸ʤ
һֶһ㣬һһһʱ䣬н·Ȼʮལͷ¡
⽣ʫɴֶ֮Σˡһ򷨡͡һ򷨡־ΪһƽƽĴڡ
ԽԭֵܵħŸֶʱֵסΪϬħΪ仯Ͻæңһʱ䣬һһ֮ʮĺڸѹס
ЩˣһǵĻ֪ԷǳԼûɱ֣һЦû뵽ȻҪĳҸһᣬֻҪǿϽ˵Ҿͷһ·
⻰ʮħŸɫ΢䣬໥֮佻ƺھǷһƬ֮Ϊڿڡ
֪˭ҪͷǣֻҪһſ̾͸㣬ٲ鷳ȥ
һԣһ˵ЦˣѵĳСɣٸһᣬ˵Ҿͷߣǲ˵ǾݹҲˣ
䣬ԭͽһȺħѹŴĽ仯һʼصݻǿĽһҽдһȺħ֮һˡ
ǺżˣæҸǣҪɱ˾ǡ
ں켴˵ֵʱһ촫˷ʮڹըһӰֳ
һתͷȥЩ֮оȻкüǵһʮ۵Ŀοӣ˾ȻħᰳǵһҦׯ
ҦׯһֱЦʮħޣһתͷһ֪˭ɱ㣬Ҿ͸㣬Ҫɱ˾Ǳ


һ ı
Ҫɱңһüͷһˣѵ˱ʿɱô
ʿҦׯƺʲôЦһ㣬ЦЦ㲻һģ㣬嶼ħɢͺ¿עĴڣΪҵһʿֱǿЦ
һȻĵ˵ͷŶԭˣҲħŴıƺУʲôѶ١
Ҧׯû̫ŭģһ㶣һתӣѵ֪ΪʲôҪɱô
һмҡͷħͷɱ˻ҪôҪ˵ʲôɵĻ¾Ǹ˿壬ĳ˿ɣˣ¸СǼˣ
Ҧׯ뼤ŭһ⻰Щŭͷһ̳ɱˣȴôˡһͷһЦѵ֪֪ڴ˴ִô
һȱȱĵȻҪ˵Ǿ˵ǡ
Ҧׯһǹһ˿Ц⣬ǣʵХ˺ıɱ㣬ô֪ѵĸо˰ɡ
Ŷһ΢һȤһΪģûХı⵹û뵽
ߣʧ˰ɣ˰ɣǲΪԼʲôʵɣ㲻ХѹҵӰˡνӣȻҪڹؼʱҲǿԳΪӵĴڡҲһХ罫㶪㣬ɱأ
֪ʲôҵֻɱҲòʲôҪˡ
ҲХΪõ˺ôϵĺôСĿˣ²أҳɣ㵱˵˵һɣ
һ䣬һӰҦׯһǰڱ֮бһҴƽߵĺ²ء
ĺ²ȻͶҦׯһ֮󣬶һݺһЦ
ˣΪٰɣʦҲôչˣ֪ɻ⡣ˣ֪˿ɽǱŴϣǻھ뽻ɣСҪ㸱ǰȥȡñػ
һ׵ǺԵҦׯϸХıԸԼǵĺ²أǹһ˿Ц
²أû뵽㻹һŻϣûиӣϴȡ֮󣬷ͺ¿Ѿǰ˱⣬񱦿Ѿȥ¥ա˵㱾Ҫţ
ʲôȻ£²أΪʲôûиңҦׯɫһ䣬̧һץһħצ²ͬСһץС
²û뵽һȻһ仰ʹﵽЧҦׯץסæˣҪļٻǱȻŷ֣С˸ұ֤ؿܱŵȥʦ˵ؿħ裬ħţܿ
Ե棡ҦׯħȻƭһαûôƭڶΣǵָǽ²ץø
С˵ʵԣħķģİ²رץæ
Ҧׯ״ƾ꾭жϺ²û˵ѣŷſһСӣҿԾҲɱ㣬òҪˣ
²رͷţûȴæлѣƬ̧ͷһףһһȰٽŽһ򸱳飬һٺõ츳ҲҪһ
һԣɲһ˿ЦҲشֻһ²أ㻹ǵõҸ˵ʲô˵ˣҪټ㣬һҪȻԼǾ͹ֲˡ
²Բ壬¶һЦڷ̼ʱһХһϷֱ֮ͬ²ضٶ֮죬Ȼڳ˶ûзӦ
ôᣡ˾
²һɱĶֻҦׯ
ˣȻڱǰɱˣ
ҦׯΪǺ֮жǿĴڣһɱˣοϴӦŭһֱ̧зɳ糯һڵסǰͬʱģд˷ɱȥ
ƣƣƣ
һÿһֱһ֣佣Ʊ磬УһҦׯķһһ嵽˺²ǰ


һ ƷƳ
ڲϣ²оĿֲƽ粻֮ҲЩˣ㡭˴͡һɣģһ١ٲң
һԣЦһƳһŭҦׯһۣܶǿһ٣ٶģеһξ㹻ˣҸһλᣬԼңҲֲˣ±ӲҪˣɣ
䣬һ޽һӰӰ֮£²ֻоһʹͿԼûͷ­壬һεʲôٲ֪ˡ
һ²նɱ˳Ǽնһûг˵˼ŭҦׯЦҦҽ·˶ɱˣʲôȥȡ
Ҧׯһ㶣ŭĶȻҡңãܺãȻɱˣҾͰǶץסǶȥ⣬ǵڻңΪ·ɣץסˣۣҪǱסС

һȣһȺħڿʼһȺΪһ㶼ǰħɷʮۣҦׯôһħġĴڳʱһŰΧס
ǻʲôץٽͺʰˣ֮ǰŵһ֣˫Ҧׯħɷʮ۾ȻһԣҲѡ
ȱ仯ԭͱɱһħɷʮ۶ʱ׸øʲô׷׳ĸԴͳΧȥٴβʮɱ롣
ԭ˾ΪһΧסЩţٱסޣͻΧֵǣ޴һʼһӲֻ֪ƺ鶼ûзһ㡣Զѷ޲ܣ˵ֻܹȥ
˱ˣħɷʮ۷׷Ц˱ˣʮɱѸƬ̣Ų֮ضûУ֮£Ȼû谭һ׽
ħɷʮ¸Դ˲ͬһҦׯһΧ룬ȴ˿ûеӣǹһ˿Цƺһж֮С
ߣһΪԼܹħܳΪħޣҪʶʶЩͳħ޵Ĳ𣬸Ҳħ󣡡
Ҧׯһ£ħ޷׷ӦŵȡᦣȲ֮˲Ϣ䣬һħһһɹŨƮеһһɢǵĸо
ãȻ֮⣬ζΪۣʣר˻ǣʤ
һ˲㿴󷨵֮ﲼ󣬻ǱɽȻȴƮͷʤǵһμɱҲ΢΢Ծ
ԾԾͿ㣬ǶԸԪӤĺڸֿʮҪȴҪۿۡ
һϹ֮۹걾Դֵͬİٱټɷͬޣȹħ֣ԼʱӡҲܿסųɾһֲ״̬ӲѰˡ
ҦׯһȻ󰭣ЩȣҲ£һ£Ѹٶά֡ħ󡯵¿ʼɱС
һʱ䣬һħĵĸ֣ʮħڸͬʱǰ߶ڷӡδһ˵ѾǾԵǿУټϺߵɧţҲܿ·硣
Уһ㱻ѹסǼֻƷķ¸͵ֵסܿͱ˺ƻƬʱԴͳ¶˸ոպñץסħɷʮҲڳ㳯߸Ϲ
Ҧׯħɷʮۣҿ߼ʱһ֪ٲ־ˡһݣżһȱڣõƬ̴Ϣһʱ֣ʱ
ҦׯɻһԵʱһȴӿдһۺɫ籵£˲ǧ˿˿Ƴڳħ޲ȥ
ħ޷ųֵ籵ʱһɷŨӳ֮籡ǵķȥ
㣡
ħ޲Լͬ̾һǱоͷȻһɹȼʹԭɱоȻ࣬·ڸŮһ᲻֡
ֶΣ
һμƷʹħֺϷڣټһɸоֶָεгأħӣһһͿ߽Է־˻ΪԼū͡
ڳħŸ֣ħȻħֶָƣʮ֮һ׷׸оУæʩֶ׼ħӰų
ʱһЦ˷ƷһŷĴӵ֮»ֻ֣˿籣ڰ֮佫Ůܴﵽķչֵ¡
һ˲䣬˷·Լʿˮ


һ ħŮ
Ʒÿÿ̤һһƬסϸļ֣ʱڳڶӶԼڸʲô
ƷƤһЦӣ΢ϸ˵ĸ֣
һԣʱǶԼ˵˵ƷһҲ˵Ӱ죬һ־ᶨƷƽӴöΣҲηʱԶһ
һϣ潣ⶶʮ£ʮ佣ɳЩɢһУҦׯڡ
ҦׯȻǲħļ֣ΪħޣΪԽߣħԽǿںƷƵħ֮£Ҳû⣬ֱһֳɱŷӦ
һ˿ϢȻѣֻʱѾȻܿħӲοϽһУһ˱ˡ
Ӳƣ
һһЦҪľ϶Ŀ겢Ҧׯһĺħޡֻʮ佣ǰ𣬾Ȼصһһը
ħޱͱƷסΪҦׯǰ棬Ϊϵֵͻأ⽣ը˵ַǶĻᶼûСһҺ˵ʳƬƮɢѪҡ
ڽ˶ѹһҦׯı鶼ЩÿҦׯ״˵Щһ²󣡡Ҫٴνһס
һһΪ˿ʵοٱסЦһб¾ɣ˽һݽħ󡯡
ˣҶ֣ˣˣΨʣ
ҦׯЪ˹ĴһЩϤ뵽ʲôȻɫҲò˷һȥټϡħɷʮۡʮ˾һ׷ڽһͺƷ롣
˿һԼսĺƷƣһҲ˵٩û뵽ǻвսʱһοҪúÿ鹫ĸˣ
Ʒԣֻᡮߡһ˿籹ĵĺ˲侹Ȼһ㣬֮ǿһһħޣȻһͰѪˡ
һĻۼħ޶ʱһ˾ʹõģʹõľȻ鱦鱦
ʲô鱦
ô鱦
鱦Ȼ鱦
ۣҦׯҲȷ˿籵ƷϱЦ
̫ˣû뵽ϾȻ鱦ХǸڼȻϽ֪Ȼ鱦ҾҵҲҪҿۣȻٴ䵽ϣСǣ鱦ȥ֮ÿ˶ʮͣ
ڳħ޶֪ԼҪ鱦룬ʮͣһ۾Ҳ׷״СηȥһʱһͺƷƵѹ
ߣҪҵ˿籣ǾͿܹܲһˣǧգ쳾ޱߣ׶ȣˣ
һȣƷƶ˿籣ǳһĺ籾Ȼ˲ըٴһ˿˿ϸɲ˿ߣ˷ơһǷ˱һ֮Ϊ٣ڳħ޷ٵĽĹ
ڳħÿһٵĹ֮£ԭԺ׷׻Ҫɱ˵뷨ûС
Ϊħĸ֣ڳҲôͨԻ֮ģҦׯΪǿһơħ󡯵ħһÿÿ쾹Ȼͽͷ˿һƷƵɫҲһѿ
һΪԹߣȲ˿ţҲóʱƷƾ˿ҦׯƴƷȻҽ˿ֶΣȴҪҦׯһߣʤҲɣʧܣ²ǻָ⡣
ʱĺƷµ֣Ҳ᲻ˣҦׯݺһЦһ㡱ӽնÿÿһһɫƷסħնȥ
ÿÿһҺһһ£˳˿籵ķΧƷƼ״æЩ˿ͶҦׯڡ
ЩͶ룬ƷҦׯӳƽռϷ磬ҦׯҲǲħĵĸ֣֮ۺֱ̩ɽúƷιֵƿڴ
ƷƱħŮڼƽЩԻҲ͵Ϸˣ⣬ȴɷƳһһۣҦׯŭһ͵ؽԼͷĽᶼע˿֮У˴籵Ϣ


һһ 
˿籱һ鱦鱦ʵԣΪ鱦ͬﱾ֮ഫһΪ˳ɾɵն˿ԣ˵鱦Ϊʳı
ƷΪһħ֮вԽ⣬֮أ֮һע˿֮Уֱһ˿Դһʱ佫Ҧׯ˹ȥ
ҦׯҲǸ֣оͻѹɫ˲һ׵ͬʱȻԥԼһƣɰɣѳ˿籵ĹΧ
ĨǵѪ˿Ҧׯгŭһ˿ɵݺݵĵ˺Ʒһۣеļˣ㾹Ȼ鱦ȫΪ鱦
һ䣬ץһȭͷһףˮͰСһָ죬֮ǿǷ֮㶼Զš
鱦һΪʦһ۱㿴ⶫĸ
ν鱦鱦ΪƵĶڷ鱦֮ıӵ鱦֮ˣҪ鱦ݽϼѲһûнֹĿտǣӡ鱦еĶɡ
鱦ֶҪɼ鱦ұ鱦⡮鱦һ㣬Ǿֻʹһα㱨ϡ
˵Ϊ鱦ĿӻзӡķѶʮӴѰ£졮鱦ǵòʧ飬ӵ鱦˶ѡ
⣬鱦⣬Ѱܳеʱ򣬲ҳ˲ƴ֣ģ鱦
Ҧׯ鱦书ʮ⣬ȻѵõֱӹǵҦΪħŴ壬ԴḻҲں㣬Ҧׯвôһ
⡮鱦Ҧׯ֮ãһ˿ôһ鱦ΪĿꡣܹȡ˵һ鱦ʮټļֵУҲģһͷų
ҦׯĶ鱦Ȼȫ˿籵ý˿籵ķΧѾ޷Ķ֮£ٴγһɱ˹ȥ
һأ˿ǱסһǰҲ˴ˣνǶһһŴƣûг᧿Σһʱ˫Ȼ
˲ݵʱȴûע⵽ԭӡһԵ㶵ķޣһ֣һ˿΢ɲĽӶͷʧ
Ƭ̣һһĽջ˸ԵӰ⡣
ԭ˫͸еȱ仯ΪԷһûֱͣо˵ݣͣ
һɢһͷ⣬ɮ۵ɮ˳Ϲһ˿ƤЦݵףλʩôˣѵҵɮڴλˣˣλʩɷģֻǹսűˡ
˵䣬ɮһ۹۱ǱǹĵģһϢټȻͬһû˿Ϣ
ʦܣҽɣЩʩɱ˲գ۵ˣʦϢȥ𺦣ҵʦֵĿû취
˵䣬һɮ˴ӹ⻪֮˳֮⡣
⻰ɮҲԣһǣȴʦ֡ͽָϢȻ͵һǣͻġԲڡﵽĦڡΪ
ŵڶ֮Уͬ𵤡ԲͬڡԪӤĦᡯǵͬڡ塯硣
һգۼ䣬һɮСĦᡯΪɮҲһʱڳħ޶һ㶣ɫ˲ѿ˼֡
ûǻָҲ׷¶ԼϢ˾ȻﵽĦڡһһΪǿ󡣸ǺɲɵǣоɮһˣǾǷͷԲС
ϴΪֱһʹüıˣһοƺȫָԵΪһͬӵӣ̧һУӡķֱӻӰջأתͷһˣǵŭ΢΢һЦ·ıʲô
λѣͲϴƶɮ˵ԵһȻˣڳλΪԵҲԵˣԵҷһǹ
һԵ־ͷЦ֮ƶ֮⣬·һεʧܣһξʮʮȷԼܹɹһ
һ䲻ţĿȾټϷҲ֪νԵ²ţǳΪǿһĻ
ŹĳȴûȤʦѰɣ
˵գһһԵĺƷƣħע⣬ץӡĸԴ¶ˣҪתȥʱһӺݵ̴ĶһȻסȥ·


һ Żϲ
һԷԼȥⷬɳһתͷƷѯʵѵҲħ
Ʒû뵽ȻƵֶΣ״ҲΪԾϸоͷֱҡͷֶȻƣԴͬħ
ʱһЦһ֮Уһ࿡ݣƵ޵̤һͺƷƹ˹ֵƶɮ񣬼λʩ
񡣡һԣüͷ΢壬ֶѵиɣ
ԣ˫ֺʮ΢΢ͷƳһԵĺƷһۣȷʵСɮֶΣȻƣŮʩħͬҷǧ֮е˫֮Ϊϲ
ϲһһ㶣Ȱ˵ŵʱ˵ȷ˫ֶΣû뵽ôͼԭ档Էһ֮ͬɻϷֻȿѵķӣͷֻһֹ죬ǹĸо
죬ҲϾʹ֣һ֣ħƣټֲ˻罣֮ħһ㣬ֱָⷽС
УҲǡħǡϲҾҪȥȥҲͰˣִݹնħ𣬽飡
Ƿһɱ֮ȴδţתͷ˺Ʒһۣ´һȻƴЦ
ã̫ˣƶɮŮӻħŮȻʾȴֵħŮֱǼδܽȻĴƶɮĻϲֱܴﵽг۷壬ϳž
ƷԣǱ˵ҪĿͫһתɫһͺ¿ֽ̧˿ٴλ˿вƹȥ
м˿鱦ɱɫ΢΢һ䣬ܿƿʲôöȻתΪϲһЦ㲻㲻˿籲
գۼ䣬б㱻˿籲ƳɼһƷ̷֮ʼԷĵһأǵ£ǺƷȴԽԽѿһʲô̧һץȻȥʱİ˿͵ջء
һ״ҲһǰƷƣȴæֹ̧סǰ
һĪͬƷۿ־ͻҿŷУҧгݵʵ㵽ʲôΪ֮ܽ
ԣǹһ˿ɫŮʩ˵Цˣٱģƶɮǽ֮ͻˣοҪƴ٣Ůʩ㻹Ȳƶɮأ
˵䣬һɫ˿ֵĳڷΧÿһ֮жһɳղԹ·һŮһдգǿļɢƾȻȷб˿ȻԷšϲͬȼŮ˫ޣԷ˿Լӳ
ƷƼɫѿޱȡȻųħŮͨǷκӵŮӣʵԴ֮ν˫ҲֶȳԷԪˡ
ٶԸ˾һ˫нֻƾ˿֣ſԹԷ񣬲ұסԼ
һζԸٺ˿۸ķУһӲƴǵûе٣ѹѾõ١
һʱ䣬⽻֮£˱ͬһǰԭ򣬲ʱһѾѹơ
ֻԺƷƵľǿȴϾʹ˰ݣüһǿԦ˿籣֡ûȳ־ͱһץסתͷȥһ
ƷǼɱһ㣬æ˦һɷҪʲô
һ״Ȼ֪ƷƵʵȴ֪Ѿܶˣ˵ѾˣʣµĽҰɣ
ƷԣҪЪ˹ĺʲôʱһеľǾ䵭Ļڶߣоûа˼ʱ˻ȥֻǽһҲ˵ӦӦ
һ״ֻӦһѽ󣬿ǷһЦвɣȻϲüŮǰ֮ħͷҪɱеˡ
˿⣬ǷȥһסĺƷƣֻǼסЩԸĳһʮһ
λʩԿνӣνԵˣŹ˽ԵŮƶ񡣼ȻˣƶɮѭҷּȻЩŮʩҷͬôǻۣ֣ͬ޹أʵ˴֮°


һ һƽ
һû뵽ڱһа˵ͷûзŭֻһЦѡΪ֪Ƿžʶ֮ͨУʶֶͨΣݻͨ
뵱ΪʵߵʱÿÿǿоͻὫſʶʩչһ˵ŭ֮󣬳֣֪ռ˶ٱˣʱȴû뵽һջ˶ʹֶͬΡ
ͨſʶİȻܹƾʶԷ£֪ͬʱԽʱ䣬ͶԽٲ˵һϻЦһֱӳɱˡ
һǿֶΣħԪ߶һ򷨡Ѿһڻͨﵽ򷨺һްۼĳ̶ȡ
Դһͨͨһû˿仯ҲûǿƣеֻСϬ֣Էмһ£ֻǼ򵥵Ľͨ׼ֵ
ϴһǰ˿ķԲæתͷ˼ȻѯǷҪְæ
ҡҡͷһεǲˣϴҲΪУų˿һѽӵ֪ʦܣӦзŶԡοʦܺųɮҲһƤңһϲ۹񻹲֮£˵ʦߣһͨĲ˵ԸħӦް
⻰Բеķֻνһҧʮ¾һο㳤˼ԣ˫۽һʱ׼ų֡
ڷԲ̸֮ʱѾ׼ֶΣһ黨Цģ΢΢̧黨ָȻɫ·𴿽һ㡣
ղӳ侭
һһָɵͷȻûвͨ޷ȴҲֺ֪ͨ
νղӳ侭֮ͨеһͨ𡮲ɽ䡯̤֮ЩͨҪӵȼϸ߲٣ǡ֮ͫһͨ
޳ɴͨɵõңԶ֮еķ֮ӳ֣õַӽΪͬȼ֮£ǹĴڡ
֮˱ɾͷӣҽֶ⾳磬Դﵽ˵ǧѣԿȻٲĥ̶ȣɴ˿ɼͨ
ֻͨ롮֮ͫΪƣǵþԺͻԵɵõѰŵӶֻԶ۲ɵáҲǷ֪һ֮Ҷ̡
ֻв֪һֶ֪ε޷˵ɱΪ֪ͨһϢ
ǽܽղӳ侭Сɾ磬ǣһ˵תߣ񣬷񲻹ָͷƶû䣬ŹųƲĽ
ֲ˲Ϣ䷢һһ뷽黨ָת˲һ

һ֮ԭϵЦݺܿ컯ŭݣǾΪģֻΪͬɵָȻһһĽ飬ƬѪɢը

һҽдʹʩչسɴ硯ͨˡ
Ӷң
һ𣬷ԲмƲһֳֽħƣһΧκԣͳһɱȥ
һ׷ɱԲͣ뵽кƷûԱ֮Ųò˻뷽Բж
ȴ˵Ƿжָһ֪ΪʹǱģŤһ˿һͳҩɿ£һץס֫ѡ
æǰæʩչֶΪˣһͨ£䣬䡭ʶʶͨʩչǶָѿȻָֻ
ֻͨȻǿܹľ괺еȴǾ괸ָͷȻԻԶԶҪָ֪ҪĴС
ոջָɫĿ뷽ԲһһŭһʦֵܵȰ裬ֱֱȥ֮䣬ַͨһͷȥ
һ񱻷ӡֻħԪֶܵοƣĦᡯڵĺʱͽѹ·硣
мԲ㹻ѹһŷ˿һԵҦׯˣʹ˸ɫ׷ʩչͨȥ
λʩŹҷ𣬵ô֣ǻۣһģȰš
⻰һȺħŸ໥˿֪˭˿ڴһ䣺ˣͺ¿ҪԼӲˣħŸֶʱɢ
дһŵӷ𣬼Ȼλʩλʦܣýħֶΰɣ


һ ִ
п˵ħֶΡ֣ԭƵϺ׶Ȼһ䣬һɭȻģʱ䣬ԷΪףͬʱȻÿһﵽˡĦᡯڣչͨħ𣬾¶޴ӡһȺħŸ˹ȥ
ЩܵħŸȾͳ˿ͷͨУһĶֶϽţһֱӱϢ١
Щܵħ޸һţֱӿϡѪݡ֮ԲֶΣһԼɫݷ糯˷ȥ
λʦܣҪһħͷӵշħ󡯣
һȴںз׷Ӧŵ֮ͨУɽ䡯ζ׷һһɫֵ£һ죬ֱӽħͷС
ͺ¿Ȼݺң֪Ҧҵ
ҦׯŻڲ࣬׼ߣΪΨһġħġ֣Ȼصչˡɫ£ʱ֪ǲƴߣһŭ𣬼Ԧǡ鱦סķȴȥ
ȴȻͨԡ鱦ҲӲӣæȴҲⱻײ÷ɿ
ȴбҿշħԳһ϶ҦׯЦһҪߡոճ嵽Եʱ򣬱һŴͷ
ӷʩɣ
˵֮֮һֱûзԵֺСһЦĿҦׯ֪ˣ»Ϊ͡
ͺ¿ҹ
ҦׯۼҪϱֺ£һȣǻһ֮ͳֺײȥ
ֺм״һЦģǵˣ̵ĴӻһץһɫĿڴӭ
ԭ鱦Ӧʮ־޴󣬵˻ĿڴȻݶðûϢʱҦׯɫڡ
ôܣӣҡɥǡҦׯвѣȴʹһ뵽ǲֺܹһأ䵽Ŀɱ³Ҳٹ˲ʲôſ͵³һѪͬʱȵұ
һѪħƣƾɢȴڤڤУȻƬֺ֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬ֻǸɱĲȻѸǴͬһ㣬ܿͱͻҪ֡
Ҧׯ״һתܣֱӴշħ󡯱Ҫȥûɳһأ㱻ӰסϸȥЩǰǳķʿʵЩ޵Ļܡ
ЩħͬҦׯûаɫŭһͳײȥ
ֻЩܵʶǱǱӡ֮嶼ǲѣԸ֪ǵ˷볬Ҧׯײȥ
ħǿ׳Ҧׯﵽħĵĸ֣ǿûߣһײֱӽ⼸Żײɣû⣬һ˿Σյĸоͽ
ҽȥɣ
һȴŵֺĿЦݣȴڣǻɫͷ£ҦׯʲôӦװУ΢һ£ûϢɫָֻ˸ɱģ
һУֺпҲЩסҦׯĻſڴصշħ֮Уҡҡλʦʦܣҿɽһװˣһܵƽһ˰ɣ
⻰ȴһ̾Ϣһ÷ѹħޣǷСƽкòѡ
һнЩħ޴ɱĴɱѹѹֺеĴ档ʱǲתһڣɲûһ
ҪæǷбԸ⣬Ϻм򵥵˵һ䣺ʱ䲻磬Ǵʱ·ҪˡǷбԹԵ˰æ
ν˫ȭѵ֣һûбӡҲͰˣ񱻷ӡﻹеĶ֡һʱ֮䣬ͷԺƮȫ޽ӲΪߵĴӦ𡭡ֺǻɫʱһ
вʱ͵طֺбȥ̧һޱȷĽȥ
ֺʵǿһȫϬһҲæҡ
деִӡץȥҪúöԸ
ֺԣȻ١һͷһȥʮ˳ɬľͰװСֻڳкжûע⵽һڱװе˲䣬а۵һ˲飬һӰֽס
һУֺлϲ䷢һһҪúһƺʲôҲɨһֳԵøıģûܷﶯ֣˻ɫݹѸȥ


һ Ů
ȴ˵һִ֮Уոջع㷢ԼһɵĿռ棬һ֮ӳϣá
Ȼű˷ӡȻ׼һЦһ촫һƤĤ״Ķ䣬ǼӳϵķӡͽҲ
нƣһ̯ľͷһʯĩˮĸеõֻǵʵǿҲûطʹãû뵽ȴó
û˷ӡִ˵ȥĶʱӳȥ»ҪץҲżԴ£Ʒ˷˳
Դͳ¶˽ӡָ֮ɶȥĴ̽ںƷƣʱ˫Ŀյڵأһĵӱɷף˵Ҳ֪һּΪΣյ
νѶȣѶ㣬ԭƷһɽ٣һѹʮʱ䣬ڼ伸νӴǵûнٶȹԽΪ뷽жǲһԽԴط¾Ǹɢ˵á
һվһԿΪ֮ͫҲӡ֪ƷǱ˽Բʲôֶ̽飬Ҳκ⣬ֻ֪һΣվء
ǻˣ䵽־أһΪ֮Ŭһް취ҲͰˣʱħ򣬺Ʒ磬֮ԼԲϾʹ˷֡
Сףܲܿ׳ʲô⣿һûʶ֮лСӵдмĴڣۼʶֻǿ
С̽һ˿ʶ֮һᡮסƬ֮󣬲Դ˵ôθңҪҲǡ
һһ㶣ңҿûиʲôѲҸµġħ֮ⲻɣ԰⣬Ϊʲôû֣ѵ
²ʱСһߴҪˣ¾йأֻǲǡħ֮һֱԼǿ
Լǿһûס
˰βܶŮ˵˼ˣȻ֪Ҿ͸ˡеĲǽ٣٣˽٣Ľٺ٣
Ľٺ٣⣬ѵ˼ǣĽٺйزɣ
ϻйѵйزɡҪ֪ħħ֮óֶΣҲܳôԵŮħͷֻħͬҲ˫нҲ˼ԴŮʣУԭֻһǾϵ֮ˣûҵ˶ɽٵķŻᱻ٣ľءԼ뿴߳㻹˭Ŀܡ
һСķ˵һ㶣ǲôһŮħͷȻΪԼ١
һǲ̫ţϾһûѾħȻνӴûһβǵжԣһβɱҾöˣôΪ֮أ
⻰Сײһ˵Ůĺ룬㰡˵㱿ãǸ˵㲻ŮĺáҪ֪˿˵鰮ʱ˵ͷʲôŮˡ
С˵ƺ뵽ʲôʱֹһһûθģæʵŮΣ
Сױʣվ޷һԹĳ̾һ΢ɲŮȴϲʱȴȻġ

˵ļЩҲһһ㶡оСһ仰˵Ʒƣ·˵ЩĶ
һʱ䣬ĵεΡСദһĻĻ˹ϵһֱ㲻Ϻã޺׽ҪɱһС׾ȻһŮӢۡĵظ¶⣬Ž˵һ㴰ֽƣǻǡжԡĹϵ
Сףѵ˵㡭
С⻰æһߴϣѽѽģ㲻ţ̶á
̶һû뵽ô̶
С׽㣬˵ʲô磬ľˣ̶ȥˣ̻æĳһĬ
һŪЩͿٴѯСףȴٱС״ϵ㿴쵽Σյʱˣ㵽׾Ȳ
Сٴתƻ⣬һЩƣƷȷʵΣգòæʵȻҪȣұӡסҲ׸ξźá
С׼һûм׷ʣһЦһУķҲУֻ׾ȲȣξȣҪѡˣ


һ ѡ
һСа취Ȼ֮ȴһ˿ԾҲòʵ֪˭˿Ծкְ취
СЦһǸܾԶ߽ǰ
ңһЩɻ󣬲뵽ټȻϵԼϣǾ˵ԼҲǲˡȻԽԽоԾüʵҵ׸ʲô취أ
СײûڣƬ̣ӵһ򵥣һˡ
ȻˣȽ򵥵ķ˵
ð򵥵İ취ȷʵܼ򵥣ֻ֣Ǿ˫ޣ
˫ޣСףôֽˣ˵Ժ˵ô
ɲҪģҪ˵ģ˫ȷʵ򵥵ľİ취Ҫ֪ϵϣ˫ޣȻƣ˵ΪƷһõļ飬ֲΪأ
С˫޵ֺǫ̂ϣһʱ֮һҲЩԶԣ֮£ֻܴ֮ʵǵڶְ취أ
ڶ취Сƺ֪һѯһЦڶ취˵򵥣ȴѣǾɱ
ɱһû뵽ڶ취Ȼ
ȻٵĸԴڣֻҪɱԴʧȻͽ⿪ˡ
˵С̾һһֹ˵취ҲɣҲ׷ֻǵûƴɱ㣬㶩ԼѵĶ㶯˲ɣ
һȻû뵽С׸취һ˫ޣһ˫Ҳ˵ǾѡģǰĲôȣǾȻǲȡ
СƺһԥȻֱȰ˵ȴǰһƷ˵ĸֺöڳ
ʲôƷǴ֮Ϊ֮ѡ˫޳ɹܽ⿪ӡܼΪʲôƷƱ鱦ѡУд֮ˣش֮ʱѻ顭
㲻˵ЩһΪˣҪ˵ԺƷ˶ûһ㶯ǲܵģοԷƽĵһߣ˵ܽнƷҲһϵ˵Ȼƽûоһϸȴоӡʮ̡
ټԼС׵Ĵߴ٣һüͷչ¶˾ġӺƷĵӣһָüģһɾħԪעڡ
ƷƵһ˿ħԪĴ̼תѹһӾǰһҪֳֻǻû㱻һץס
㡭㵽Ҫʲô
㡣
ңߣҿ˺÷ڻ࣡
ŻǲţȷʵҪ㣬뽫ѡ񽻸㣡
ңʲô˼ôң
һԣҲԥֻǽͷȥںƷƶ˵һʲôƷƱΪٷǺӸǺ͸Ѫɫ
㡭㡭Ʒָһһ㡯֣βűĳ
һ״Ҳŭֻǵ˵ѡҽ㣬ѡҾ㣬Ȼҵ˱ˣҲܱסѡ񲻾ȣҲᾡȹ٣ֻһҲ֪
⻰ƷƳ׵İ̧ͷһü֮ûһ֮ɫû٣
ôҪңѵ˵֪ҵϵϣܡģȻ֪ЩʲôѵҪίɡ
ԭƷƾΪټǾЩңٱѡһƣʱ߻ħǰס
ãҪ߻ħʱ֣ʱС׵ٴһ
һҲ֪̬أüͷһ壬ҡͷһˡٲܺƷѡ𣬻ּ䣬һͱͳзȥ
֮УһȽƷƷڴ֮ϣĿһۣ㽫ͷĽƾһлιۡ㲻С׵ķԣԺ֮еķӡرաȻΪ˾ˣǵС׻̶Ҳġ
һ׼ã㳯Ʒȥڴ֮ϣ뻳Уϵҷڶߣ˵Ҫʼˣ
ʱ򣬺ƷƾȻһϸ﻽ѣԼ뻳УһûĿ֮͸¶һ˳֮⣬ߺ죬΢΢˵ͷʾͬ⡣
һ״Ÿоԭƽ߳ƵħŮڹﾹȻҲһŮӡ𵱳Լ飬ͷһȥϵ˿籣ԼС


һ ˳߲
ִһһͷʱԴͳ¶ͬһȺӡħ޶档Ȼǲ֪浽׷ʲôһɹ޶Ӵͷ֮дǲ̤벽
ԴЩͷԵʵӣ˵ʹڸʲôȻųôһųôǿĲƺħϢ·ЩϢС
ΪŮˣֱȻ˵浽׷ʲôҲܲ²һøԴѯʣֳ֮ɫһҪ֪Լȥʴ˺ˣңô֪
ԴԵ޹ʳ˱ͷȻȴҲöԳʲôתͷһԱӡˣɫһޣȭͷȥֻһɱĲҽ֮󣬸ԴЦĻЩħޣҦׯ֮ûһǱס
ڴһֱȴʱȥŸоǹɢȥȻ淢ڽˡͷķ֮УƷƺһԶ
ƷûǰٷŤݹһ˿ϢɢȻԪӤ۷ˮ׼˵ŵ˫ޣ٣ǹǻûȫܸоı仯
Ʒȣһû̫仯ԭֵħԪʱ˽ɷ֮ԪԼһ˿˿Ž⣬Լ֮һ͵ļ֣ԭˮݵħԪȻûг
С˵ĹȻڹȻ棬Ȼ̺֮ʹһ˫޼Ҽ๦ԭҵǢֻҪٻһЩʱ⣬Ҳܹ⿪нƣ»ָԭһˡ
һԴʱһԵĺƷ˿ƳһֵۣԩҾȻֻ뵽ԼūҽȻȥҲϧ
һԣһЦƷƣҲҪ˱˻԰뵱Ǻüΰ׷õܣüβ㶪أξ͵ջһϢգ
ƷüһһЦ⣬ͬСһţþòȥ
´һһͷһͷ˾ųɾŵʶųʱȫͷ΢΢һЦǻǺеĿڴ棬滹һȺͬҪãξɣ
Ʒƹɵĵ˵ͷһһУ˿½ֻһٲƴǰǰ֣ǻһ׳ɫװϣ˼欣˼ֶׯȴֺ˲ͬоջ
һĵ˵ͷЯ˺ƷƳȥ⣬Դ¶˼״е˵ĶϢʱٲò²⵽׷ʲô
ɫЩÿȴҲ޻˵ǸԴһЦ¼ʹˣˣӴͣǰǵѾץ˴á
һ˵ͷãܺãҪһֶΣָ˼ɡ
˵䣬һһȺӡǰһһ̧֣һ⻮һ촫ϵķӡȻͬʱ顣
Դ¶˳һħһϲһæ׷ŭһˡ
ҦׯҲ⿪˷ӡϷǵûимһ˿ЦݣģΪǷųҾͻô
һҲһ˿Цҡͷһ£ĳûҪ˺
ûҺ㽫ҷųʲôѵҲɣҦׯһһŵı顣
һЦҡͷȻˣ֪ûһ仰
ʲô
⻰˼ҲеǾǡһĵ֣һѡ񸱳ĺ飬ĳǺ°
ҦׯΪһҪ˵ʲô仰ʱ׶ԷԼټһԵĺƷƱһ⻰̿ڿڶЦʱɳһӿͷһֳֳͳһɱ
һ״㲻ܣֻڳָͷȻҪѧǷжԸԼֶΡ롮ղӳ侭ָͬϸǵǽɷ֮ԭͿȷʱָһѼ·һС
žǣ
һ촫ֻһָҦׯĳһ𣬶ҽ֮μס˿á
ôܣҦׯ֪пֶˣû뵽Լһᱻָ˰ˣԾӶɳҲϸݣһץһֻ̧һڹ⳯һȥͬʱӣ֣
һԣЦһſͬʱһӣֱָӰǺڹʳɷ顣
ջأҦׯɫûаÿ˼źʵ㵽ʲôˣҪʲô
˭֪һҲתͷԺƷ˵һ䡰ȥȥתͷǹһ˿̵Цݡ
ʲôߺߣܼ򵥣Ǿ˳߲


һ 
Ѫԭ˼ħŸҲǰԳħޱ㻹ħޡһϿ֮УȻðŴƺ棬
ǵȵԾãɼż˽ɽȡϸ۲죬ԿЩһ࣬ͽ˶˳Ծǣǽƾܣٶ֮춼ܴﵽʿݹˮ׼Щ޲TҲ˳Ƶ塣
Ҳ½ϣֻǺħǰռ½ǱħѪԭʹǳΪ壻ħħѪԭǲŻָɣֻͬΪŵĿ꣬ҲֻϾħѪԭ֮С
˵ǿ󣬵ħѪԭ֮УǶܹ档Ծݱ䣬ѧȺӣ͸ֶԸħ޵İ취ɽһ֧פء
һգһȺһţɫݹ٣ȴǵƽǷΪ׵Ÿ֡
һȺеĵһ̶֧Ůٷ׷ǣ·ǲǷţ޶ħһ
м״⣬һĸߺţһԵ˵ǣſʶֶΣֱӽһȺ֮־˵ҪͬӷͶŵĻ
һȺ֮Ҳиִڣȣʱ˾ѣٿţǳ֮⣬׷׺žɱ
֪ԼҪѪе˵ԷѾʧܣϧҡҡͷ˵һʲôϸһ⻰Ȼǣϧ˴õĻϣòһ㣬һҪʱ佫ɻˡ
ԭЩ֮ˣڷķ޸У˶㣬ֻƻĲϰˡ
ϧգһ¸ɮ˵ģٴθߺŵӷ˵֪ҵ޷߼Ȼ֪㲻ܲԣλʦһȻЩã֮˰ɣ
⻰Բȴ񣬷ֺ˫ֺʮãˣʦַּ
˵䣬ųͨһ⣬дȱ㿪ʼЩ
ȴ˵һȺȻи֣ǿҲԪӤһȺ׺еĶ֡ûǶ֣ЩֻһƾͰ˴Ѫһ߷һƬ̹һ֧岻٣˲еĵһء
ĵ˵ͷתͷֺеʦܣְɣ
зֺԣȻ׷˼ҪԼִЩץȥ
ҡǰȴ̶֣˵һΣɶˣʦӿĲСأǼȥһʦҿʱʦ취ɣ
⻰һת¶һıЦݵԭˣƶɮʦ˵ɴ飬ʦһؾ̳ʹߣȻʦҿҲֻˡ
⻰ɫϲʦ˵ĿƹܹƷľ̳ʹô
еͷ̳ʹߣֻǿϧ
ԣæϧϧʦַģȻʦҪҪ̳ʹߵְλʦҾ㸰ҲҪ°׵ġ
˵䣬æߵǰٺһЦһץִץͷһţһǿӿڴгʼһ峯
ж֣Ҳĵ˵ͷʱ鶯ʲôɫ͵һ䣬æʦٹرִ
ÿڸ֮Բ̳ܵʹһְջ󣬼Щ嶼޲һװˣȥԼľ̳ʹߡʱкӦоʹִȻʼܿƣҪƿضȥ
ۣҶ
пĴִϣǼѵִ˲䶨סһҲ˲Ϣˣ׼ջصһ̣һɫ˿ߴִֵĴֱһơ
˿
Ȼнǧ꣬ҲͬѰһ۾Ϳ˿ߵıޱȵķɽ
ƽʱ־ܶ㿪һִסһ֣˵þҪܣԱƲ֮£æ໤ͨӳһգۼ䣬һˡ
ֻ⡮ˡ˿ǣǽ˿֮Ľ㿪ʼһͨһ֮״ֱ̬ҲʼѪ
һͬջؼǵֱִۣ䵽ϣû˷Ӧһ⻪ִзɳһӰ˺ǰ


һ ··
һȺӰ֮Уһ˵߳һ˭ˣԵǺƷƣԴ£ԼҦׯˡ
λʦղ֪ɻãһԴϷʵ˵
лûȴǷбŭһӡҪͨȥ
ʦܣ
пЩߣæһַһƬ⣬еס
ſңҪʬΣлͷεСĺ
ʦܣɻǵ÷ɷּôüͷ΢壬Ҳѵ⣬ֻǵ˵һ仰
ɫһ䣬ƺǷʲôˮһ㣬һһۣһͷصȥˡ
Ȱط񣬷ɫԺÿǰһɮ֮ǰ´һһǳ֮ɫ
ӷû뵽ƶɮȻҲۣ¾Ȼɵˣֻǲ֪ħΣ
һûص˼Ҳ⣬һЦʦĳԭɵˣһħȻҪҪ죬ֻû뵽λʦ෬չˣĳм
üͷһأչǺһЦ˵ЦˣɷһңЩħͷƲȻˣЩħͷѴΪҵҪ²ܾջѵһλʦܣ߰ɣ
˵䣬һ־ҪɮȥûǶԭһĺӰ˸Χ롣
ѣʲô˼һ˿ŭģ
ʦȻˣαôߡЩħͷȻĳѱȴȲϷŵĻԻʦֽֽأ
ŶԭˣҪкѣһ䣬СµشǵҪȥǣ
˵䣬ͣһɫɳһȥһҲֱ̧˹
Ȼʦ˿ĳʢȴˣ
˵䣬һ΢΢һЦͽֻȻһֶΣҲ̾ĵһؼʱ򣬺һһϷɳֱüģ˽ȥ
һ֣˻ľͷһԭأһȺ϶¶ɵЦݣкݺЦɵ飬Ȼ̰ͼҷ䣬ɻ֪ҷŵ
ԣҲͬĵ˵ͷǷҲΪüƣԵõЦţ׼ɮһʰʣµˡ
ʱһǹһ˿ЦһзȻͬѰݴĳˡ
˵䣬˫ͫ⣬ֱӡ֮ϣķ侹Ȼӽ֮жȻؾ֮ϣģ·ûзǰ顣
һĻһȺжʱڵָһ㣬㵽ʲôˣ
һԣֿһŵЦݣ˭ˣ֪ô
һʣͷһ£ͷһתϻָڵЦݵ˵ЦˣǵѲ˵ƶɮθ׷ʣֻǽƶɮʦֵܻҪܾǵָ̣СѰƶɮһɨӭ
˵գдһȺתͷҪȥû߳Щħ޷׷׶֣ųһħǵصĴ
˿壬׷׿Żͨһ£ħǰСֻһһЦּ䣬ųڶħ֮гдȥ
ԭŹħΪܹǲħֶΣһһ֣ʱǵĻð޹⣬ʱҪ鿪
ͣ½Ųתͷһʵѣʲô˼
һһЦλʦҪҲǲԣֻǽֻ·ѡ
·֪ɫһ߰Կ飬һߵݹҲ׼
һ״ֻ׼ûһֹǳ䲻˼ֱһȺ׼걸ŵȻ˵·һ··
⻰֮УԲͷһƢ꣬һ޼һŭһ׼𣬵ȴٴαס
ɫҲЩ䣬һţӷѣνһߣպαôôҶû·أ
·һһЦԭʦ֪Ҫ·֪֮ĳʹ㣬᲻·ִ֪Уĳֶӣֻ᲻·
һʣҲЩ˵ϾҶͬһҪڿƭˣǲ˰ˡ
һ˵һЦָָΧħޣǸһ˳߲


һ ߣϣ
һ˵˿ĻԲ̲ס׷ŭŹĶͨһɰ˽ħƣһħӡͷһȥ
֪ˣҪ˻һֶΣ㲻һСġ׼Ա㲻⡣
ȴ˵һɱǹһ˿ЦһƾεָһһƾᣬӭŶɱȥ
Ϊֵܵһ̫ˣ
ʦܣҪһÿ
Ϊһӣŭѣˣʹ߷װһ
䣡
һ촫ͬʱը̳֮УӰǷԲˣֻǰأɫЩѿǻһ˿ɫѪ˿Ȼһоˡ
ҷ壬ҷ֮ŭ𣡡
ɫһһڻóͷһҲӵеͨ䡯ֻеѾɣ֮ʵħһٷپ
ԲҲʾ͵ؽħһᣬŭһڡһضɽҡ֮󣬵¡ըԳɻ
ɲɣͨᣬǡζֶΡһֻͬѰģ뷽Բб嶼ȻζҲݵߵˮ׼
һһۿʹõĶԼķ𷨣ͷ巴ϲȻһЦ̧һУ֪ｫ޽ץС
ܺãȻѰ·Ǳһ·ɣ
˵䣬һһЦһһ죬žžͷоʲôˣϸȥȴҲκζ
һӷСпдʦֿ쿴ʲô
ںȥͬʱһԭһԭǿһʱȴʼһþ
ĻþƮ죬ɾɾһתһᾣΪ֮磻һתɱ¾ڰΪޱħ򣻼̶ɾܶʼǣþ任֮ʱԼзǵûþأֻþӹ쳣
Ϊķޣ˶֪ܹΪ־Ϊþ˵־ΪѾﵽ˵ڶ۷壬ʱ̤еǼΪΣյ
Ȼټǧʱ֮ҲһЩһԳֻþˣǱǼҲûΪ˵ֵֵ־磬ͲǡΣաܹݡ
м״һǷ̽һ뷨ס񡢷Բ֮Ŀһۣʵµ˭
һڱӡ֮󣬵һչʾȫʵǸоϺõʱѯʣǹһ˿Ц
˳ңҾ͸㣬ǲҪ𰸣
Իصɮ֮Уһշħ󡯣з׷״ȡּϷ׷׵ط⣬һƬֺ뾹ȻһĻþѹ˻ȥ
ѣ֮ͱˣǾ͹ֲҷŰԵˣеޱ߷֮д·Ӵ˶졣
һͱˣȻˣҽһضˣҵҪΰԵһȻһЦһ𣬱űѹĻӰȻٴα仯գۼͱôʮȻ˺Ľշħѹȥ
ںеһУ̾һȵλʦܣħͷһͬٻߣħ
ɮɫһ䣬뵽һʱٲԥ׷״ȡּÿһͨһڵѪ⡣
ÿһͨÿһѪǡշħ󡯾ǿʢһݣҲʵһɸµŭĿӰС
һԶŭĿձѹ˫ۣһâ˹һ˲䣬ԭͨӰȻӵԡ
ֻһ̤շħ󣬽̤ƮڿУͷˣôɤʵȺˣΪν˵أ
еΪٻգķѲСɫЩ԰ףʻȴ˿æߺһߣҵСɮڣշ֮Եû·ħϣ֮£ٻߴ
С¡ŭĿһһ˿ͣû뵽ȻΪС鷳СҲԽԽûˣˣȻˣħ֮Ҳȥ


һһ ߣУ
⻤վȻѵ⣬һȺͷ
Ҫ֪ͬǷţҲҪͳ֧СڷУߵǷžʶͨСͨɾͷͳķޡ
֮ȣԭɣħͶǿ˴඼֧ߵǻյ·ߣΪʵǿڷ֮еĵλݶȲͳޡ
ıһ壬ͳ޾Ǽ֮еѪӵܣջнĹܼˡѪӵβдˣҪĹܼҸ߹
ΣΪܼҵĻȻѵΪ˵һȺУʱǱѡֻҲ֪νƱǿԷȻͳޣʵֲͳҲô
гǸƺûյѵ⣬ԽӹĺʮһָָһԵһߴˣ˱ħϣ߽֮ҵȱضϱɣΪڹһʡ
ŭĿձмԼƧ÷Ҫӹʱ˾񣬰˵ͬʱаǱּȻٻˣһΪħϣҷŴҵʢ
˵䣬תͷȥһһЦһаǿЦѵΪԼ˲ɣȻħͬޣѵ¹תȻҷŷǲ֪ˣˣ챾ڤתͶ̥֮ͷɣ
˵䣬һưһӲӵądֳһͷһdȻһ㣬ȴɽ֮أ£Ȼѿռ䶼ѹñ
һ⻤ճֵһ̱˼һ㣬ԷȻֻһ񣬵Ϊ̫ǿҲﵽɽˮ׼ԽһҲзڵļ
ʱķӡѾ⿪˾ųɾţϽ٣Ҳв鱦սŻĳ֣˵ٺòʯ
һdûжܣ֪Լͱ˱ҲӲdֵ׷ûҪЦ˵һ䡮˼һݣ̤ݹӭͷϡ
Ǭɱ¾ȪĽ
䷨󽣾Ļƣɷףڣ磬ɫߣͳǅdִ˹ȥ
УֻĽɫd͵ײһǅd֮˲ɽ䣬շħ䣬ħ֮ͨأɽֻһ㽫ĵײɿȥ
ȻħΪԽΪСӣҪƱ̫ͨˣתֻأɣ
ջٺһЦ̧һǽɫdٴƣһֹ
һһ̧һУĵ·𣬳ǽɫdִȥһĵȻҲǿȻûбɡڽɫdֵѹ֮£ĵⶼѹ·ʱҪ۶ϵӡ
Σһǵ壬ǹһ˿Ц˫ַɣ֮죬ȻʮֱӰһµĽС
ʫ˫
߳һĵѹȵļ۶ϵĽⷢһʫƪ´ĵзɳѸٽ֯һ⻪֣ԭɫ⾹ȻںϳһţһȻ绨˲䣬һɫ
ʲôֶΣջ״ҲһҲûмȽֶΡ
һһûлشָֻһ㣬һѤɫȻתԽתԽ죬գ۾;һ硣
ڽתʱһ촫һֱѹƵĽɫdϾȻһѺۣŽת죬һѺѸչգ۾չ˴d֡
ƣ
һȣͻأͣסת͵һͻǲƵądָزסһһ죬ͬһ㣬׷ѿһƬƬƬɢ
һУһһָջأͷɫħӰ໥Ӧͣ·Ѱһõ㣬໥Ƶġ
ȴ˵ǽջһԼֶΣǷŭıһҪٴγĨɱĴڣڳֵ˲䣬뵽ʲôһ˫ֱֱͫĿһһ֮󣬾Ȼ˫ֺʮ״һš
ͷһһ۵ħϣһƵĻᣬҷҷһп򣬿ˡһж


һĶ ߣ£
⻰һȻһҲ֮УԴһЦλߣ㲻ҪҺɱôΪϸᣬͶţѵħ谭Ŵҵô
ջûмϵ˵谭ҷŴҵ֮ˣӦһܽҷŴ˼硣ҷŹ£Ȼ¶ݵ£ݲ㣬ʣһᣬҷ𣬳Ϊ»ˣһ
һȻĵ˵ͷһתȻЦԭˣŹȻݵħϣֻǻ˽ţ׸У
ջԣΪһȤ㲻䷳ĻشͶţȻŹȴҲҪԻ֮ĥѣַŵӣŴҵϴô֮ΪĽջ
һһ¶Ȼı飬ٴѯʵȻˣ֪ߴ˿߹ģ
ջ˵ͷҲ֮ĥѣ׷Ź󣬷ޱߣн֮ɾͣҿϼѣǿһһҲܴﵽһ㣬ʱظձԡ
һԣϰݣʵȻˣ֪кιλƵϷޱߣڼܴﵽʲô̶ȣ
ջԣŹλΪأΪ𣬳һУִ֮ΪˣִΪ޺ңִ˷λħ⣬Ź󣬻ΪҵʮˣڵĴ֮£첿ҹ沿ǬŲ޲¥޲޲ĦȲͳ죬Уƾ֮ͬ֡
һֳһ˿飬˵ͷԭˣԭĳ޷꣬û֮оȻô˵쵹ǳ˼ʶҪлˡ
ջҲΪ⣬ǺһЦȻˣԸҷˣ
һԥҡͷδ֮ǰĳЩȤ֮ĳȤȻˣһˡ
ջԣԭϵЦ˲ᣬһٴ¶ŭĿģȵħϣ㾹ȻˣŪ
һԣҡͷߴ˴ԲӣߵĽͣĳĻл˵Ź֮˵ĳȴҹͬ
ջ⻰ͣʵħϣ㾹ڮҷţѵֻض˲ɣ
һǵ壬һЦҲĳ˵ʵˣ˵Ź֮ˣΪһ߲ܳɷֻܳΪŻΪūʹˣͬûзߵĳգ㿴ŵĴſҲδ˵󣬼󣬿ҲǶ࿪˼ƫŰˡ
ջһ㶣ԭһħŸ֣ŶȻ֮˶Ϊŵʵͽ˵ʲôڻǱ㲻վҲֻǻ֮Ϊŵӣϳɷǵת޲ſɡ
ֻͷԷŵѹơûһԷŵĹԽܣȻһ˳
ڴҲͰˣһ񱾾ִŭĿһʱҳϺͶڲĲʼҵײԭɷҲֲȶ
żȻǷˡû뵽Լٻһǵûаһ𣬷ֱһ˵ҵļ
ʦ֣ħҲҷŹһǿ˾ʶ֮ͨеĿͨÿͨӰ커ߡȴеһ뵽һֿԣæѵ
⻰ʱҲΪȻ˵ͷȻˣҵʦֵҲÿͨסħϡ
ԣ׷׵ͷǣһȺеڵأʼЩĻƮһƪƪž䳯ǽջȥ
Щžע룬ջϵĹ⻪ٴλָԭΪһ˵¶ҵĿҲָ
ǵһصĺУջβ֪ʲô뵽ԼԥܶԽġ·Ӱ죬ͷŭǣͷԳɫ𣬴һԥһƳһ
һֻҪڴͬʱһԼĿͨûһУûҪһԸԷڷ˰ջʱûֹ
ƺպյһҲûгԾֻǺȻһЦһָĵⱩȻһֳٴӭȥ


һ ɮ
һ߰ɵĽһǻĽĽ֡Ľ֣˫֪Էʵһβǽһû˿֣ȫԸ
ֻǽӡͨһͬɽ㵹ĹͬĴһ㣬һҵĹֻһͽݽϵĶݷѸ쳣νýݣɲ޴ʹãÿÿһֻܴ򵽿մ
෴֮£һȻС˰ٱĽȴɳɶ̣ޱȵĽȻÿÿԽӴɹ˵ֻǲһСƣԽһתָҲ۴вѡ
ϰٸغϣȻһ׷ȥ˭˶֪һȻһռơ
ΪǧоĽܿʹӷŭ֮лָ˶Բߡץǽħ͵һңһͷ䣬һ䣡
Ŀ֮УǰɸµȻͬ©һ㣬ѸСתۼ䣬Ȼֻɰ˸£ȻȲ÷䣬ϵϢǵ֡
ֳֽħƵһָһŭȵϣ㲻ҷţǱ㣬ɣ
˵䣬һӶħƣͬһöӲӵһ㳯һ˹ȥ
һ״׼÷ŵķâûոƲħƵķбݵǰ
ÿ죡
һһȴҲ׼ԴУһ̤˲ʮɣͬʱҲġ⽣˲̻ǧ⣬һ͵ն˳ȥ
һը촫⽣ֵסħһûȱըϢȥһŭԸٶɱ֮б֮ǰ޼
һ˽ٶȣһæԼֶΣȻһЦһúáٲֳĽɱ˹ȥ
գۼ䣬һɫĽ⽻֯һһŭ𣬱ȴһը֮𣬶Ȼһֺ
ȴ˵˶֮⣬Ϊ˵ѾǵʵΧ˵ǲУԿ¶ҪĶԿɱ˱ܶ˵ǽӽ
һĻͷ𾪵ĪڷȺСΪŵӣ֪ԼгĻȻڷŽλֻ֮ǵͼڣǿֲʵȴ˽֪ģǱСµķɿҲԲ
һȻܸһʤȻջֻһ֣һʵҲԳǵһҪָ֮ķҲϨ˼˺ϼƽ
ź߲ͬħŵħͷ඼ǱһǿոеֱӱɿһĴڣȻԾҲ̫־塣
˵Ŀ־Ļ¾һڼҦӵܵҦׯˡִ֮УϹ鸽ֱǿдſ£ֶ֮Źһ¡
ȻܿȴǣһֱķԼ֮ǰҪɱľȻĸ֣ڵóӶˡ
һȺħͷͬڳһˣǾǺƷơ磬һս¼֤ʵûгԾͿ־壬Ϲ˺Σ·Ϊ֤Լ˵ǿе˷ܺο
רĿųһӢ˵ʱ򣬺һ˿ת΢΢һϹŵ˿籣ǹһ˿Цһһɫݹ⣬ֱһȺǰ
λʦ֪뵽δȥƷƶׯһЦǰյŮˡ
ԭ׼һջʱȥû뱻ƷƲԲһŭ𣺡ħŮҹ˿ûϧ֮⣬˽ħƱ㳯Ʒɱ˹ȥ
ƷƼ״Цһһӣ˿米֣ǧ˿ƣ˲佫ǽħƲסԷԲеľȻβ
ڷԲ׼ͨʱ򣬱һЦԲʦ֣»ʦӺʣοϻҷź£ҾͽŮ˶Ȼţѭһһɵһ鱦ǿܹˡ
˵֮ǺųɮķУεһ˿˵Ҳ֪ʲô
ԲжʦܲϲǶĻϲǲϲԲû˿ֻǿҪһָʾ
п˿ƷƣԼϵ˿籣˵ͷȻˣ÷ʦոŮħͷҲǽħҷˡ
⻰ԲƵ˿ǹһ˿ЦݱȥƷһ׵Ůʩû뵽ܼ棬ҷԵƶɮͬ󷨣ܴϲΣ


һ ħŮ
ںƷȥʱ򣬸ԴͳҲæħͷǰٴνһȺס
˼оȻԺƷ룬ڴ֮ǰҲͰˣһƷй˫֮󣬺ƷƵݱǵĸһ㣬ԶӲͷƤҲҪǰƷƵǷС
˭֪ƷƾȻֽһ䡮޷תͷԷ΢΢һЦʦԵȤֻżʹлϲūҲħۼ֣ҲţΪūҪԶأ
ԣΪϷǺһЦŮʩԲӣħŵħаūһϲǷڣֱָĴֻǿ˵ƾһĶƶɮͰħŮʩǾϲΣ
ĶƷüһ΢΢ͷ⵹Ǹ취ˣ˵㻶ϲȷʵҲֻ
мƷƴӦͷϲԽһ𡣶ϴαӮ˺ƷƣҲʲôƣһ̹ȻģʵֻʲôŮʩ˵ǣ
ƷԣڿһЦȻˣǾˡūҶˣˣҲӦãֻǴʦˣūҿûо㣬ǷҪ£ūūΣ
ʲôû뵽ƷЦ˵ⷬһһЦԭˣȻŮʩţƶɮΪ˷ҲҪӦһսˣŮʩְɣ
ƷƵ˵ͷȻ˵Ŷлȴûаǫ˼һ˿类˿֣˿˿Ƴвƹȥ
״ͷЦһСϴһ㣬Ҳ˿Ƭ̣㱻˿Ƴһ롣ʱһӼ֮до֮
ɫձ࣬ɫǿգռɫɫգղɫϲ
žУķԽԽأһһವķ˳Χżתǵڶ֮зųŽ⣬Ǵ֮ķȻһֹķʽںһ
̰գֻһ߳Ӽ֮дǽķ׷˿֮Уԭ󸿵˿Ȼɿ¶ƾնķ
Ůʩˣǹһ˿
ˣƷһ㶣ڿЦƬ̲ͣĪģʦˣ
üͷһ壬ȵŮʩѵҪڲɣ
Ʒҡҡͷʦ֮˵ǶĶû˵ӮοʦøħͷʤԼô
ԣλ׺ƷˣŪԼͷʱŭȵħŮħŮȻҳǾݹƶɮϧˡ
˵䣬󶯷ӡ֮ѸݻͨӰջƿȵȣ͵سǲܵ˿籺ȥ
Ʒ΢΢һЦ˿һĨԭħ֮ϾȻҲȾһ㵭Ľԣһöö򵥵ĽɫҲ档
񿴵⾰̱ϳЩȻǷͨʱӶɳ
ɽ䣬䣬ж౦ľħŮôҷΪҷͨѵѵѾ˫˲ɣ
Ʒԣÿɷĵ˵ͷħΪͨȻķʽ˵ǵõͨǽӴһ¶к
ͨһĺϼ˫ޣˮ齻ڣһԪΪƷӡͬʱҲõһԪ֮ΪͬʱմȾϹ֮Ϣ
˵һͬޣȴܵõһΪͷʹзΪͨǿ˶Էͨĵֿ
ƷƳϣʱͷаҴܣҲҪ˿籵ĲơֻԭƷ˿籾һս
ͨ˫֮ΪͨټϽ跽ţƭ˿֮УҪѣǰס
úƷʵ⼸ɫΪѿǷжסˣһħŮҡȻԶٵĳֳƷƴ
ƷƼ״˿壬һЦȻ˷ͳ˹ȥ뵽ƷƾȻһУͶ֮£ջʱһ˿ֻޱ˿ƹæ֮䣬ųͨŵֵס
ƷƱħŮһкãʲô壬ֱӽܱжһʱ֮һ֮Ÿ֣Ȼ·硣
׼ְæ˭֪һХڸԴµĴ֮£Ƕʮħ޽ΧסսҲǶ


һ 
ȴ˵һջһòʤһħͷںƷƵĴ֮еȥҿǶսƣǲɵùһ˿
ԺƷƵΪʵֵĦڡѾǿǿҦׯֵһʣ¶ʮħϵֵҲܳ˫սǷһӮӶࡣ
һΣΪ˶ԿһϢķԪٻջʵкƷʹ÷ͶټһȺħ޶һոٲΪսγսԴ˳֮£ħһռϷ硣
һĵⲻͬջӲӵֳһ˿ٻػһȺͳӣԼı֮ǻΣգͷķȻ
һջһĵ⣬һת۾ͳзȥ
һǹһ˿Цͷһֻ̤֡һ·֣һµ󷨳֣˲䷢һɫıóڽջǰסȥ·
ջ״ˣŭһֳֽħƣ͵ȥֻһ죬ǿӲޱȵı澹Ȼ顣ֻǻûȽջΪһֶζˣǱı֮⣬ȻһӰŤƬ֮󣬾Ȼޱߵޡ
ǣ󣡡ջһתͷһ
ĳĽ󣬵Ȼ֪⽣ס߸£Ҳϣһб˲룬ֻд˷¡
ȻˣֻȽնɱٽһˣ
ԭ߸»ûж˿ĳҲˣߴ˲Ҫ
һ˵ǿĻջһɢûĽħƣ˫ֽӡһ
һ촫ջɫƤһᣬǰͬǣһγֵķȻൽ˿ֲľأػֻһ֣ҲһʮϤġɽ䡱
Сӣ֪ڷ֮еĳƺô
⵹δ̣֪кţ
ߣΪߡ֪Ϊʲô
ߣѵ߸ԡɽ䡯ɣ
ԴͶĵһҲһͨǡɽ䡯˶ԣһͨǿֵû̫ʱ䡣ȴţΪ֮ǧʱ䡣Ҳǧ꣬һͨ磬ڷ໤֮кΪߡǧǵһξصˣԽҾǿͨ㣡
˵䣬صӳϵġɽ䡯ѾһÿһöͬѰȵһһİٱͳʮ
һ־ĲɽͬʱӳԿֲݣڽ֮УһоХ
Ȼܴﵽû뵽ϾȻҳ˼ʶˡ
һҲĵ̾вûаųǼ˷ܡ
ħϣɣջһ˫ƺأ͵ſնֱӴݻ⽣⣬˿ĳһ˹
ҪûôףһٺһЦҲһ󽣾һַ⣬˲û⽣ȥͬʱԼһҲ
գۼ䣬һƵһĽ⽻һû˿ԥЩû⾡Ȼ˲䶼ֵˣ飬һҲ٣ϵı仯ֱԼֽһƲƽӵһ̡
⣬ɱ¾ǬأȪ
ĵһн׽쾡£Լ֮ÿһⶼһ򷨵Ϣ
һ˽һӹǹԭأըΪһȻɢ
ħϣֶΣҳ֣Ҳɽڶʽ
߸ֶζʹɣ
ŭһ˫ӡڶǿһɽһװȻһЦɶ˵ɱȥ
ڶ˴ɱһͬʱԳǿ֮Ʒһ֮ѹƷ⾹ȻҦׯ뷽ԲжȻȻһ˿
һ˿֮УɫԲҪ轵ħƷǿһеʱ򣬾ȻȥʱԲһûʹó
ҦׯϷŹֱһƬħ⣬зԲţ÷һѪ˳
Ʒķɫ䣬һʦܡǽħϵ˿ʱǺƷΪתͷƷоȻŭ


һ ħŭ
ħŮ㾹Ȼ˶֣
ʦ˵Цˣ㶼˵ħŮǲ¶֣ѵȿѲɡ
ãããȻˣҲ޻˵ƶɮֻиƴˣ
˵䣬дһţͷԳöڲͬķÿһ·ֱָ֮·
ʶŴͨ
ƷҲһǱߵõһЩ֪ʶһı֪ǷΪ֮еġʶͨ
Ҫ˵ʶͨǵͨʹãԵȲһЩСͨʶͨȴǷΪԴڣС֮ͨĹϵͬڣνϢϢء
ͳķ޶ԣʶͨҪģΪÿÿһΪʵʮ־޴ƽǶûʹãڲ̨ʱ̲
գԺƷƣȻľʶͨų˼ֻһǾƴˡ
ŶԷͷöģƷͷȻɻΪʲôһΪֻ𣬱öⷽȴֻöܿͷˣϾħһǿϵͳٹؽڲܿǵģӦǿЩǴܶԷ
뵽ƷƻָӯӯЦ⣬ָƾһ㣬ɢȫ˿籶Ȼջأԭ£ȫԲҲ׼չˣֻûлˡ
м״ɫԽѿҲֻ֪бˮһսһλʦܣħƴҵȷŵӣõΣ
⻰ǱķԼѪķԲ̧ͷǼᶨһ˿ĳŵţ׷׽ʶͨų뷽һÿ˶ֻųʶ֮ͨǿȻǡ
ƷȻ壬Щħͷ׷¶ѿ飬нƣѾùġ
νħҲˣֻҵȰˡ
ƷưԸ̣üͷһԴͳ¶ʹһɫ
˼ˣһ˿ɫܿ໥˵ͷÿжʮ
ԴﳤλͬʹΪµĽơʹ֮ɱߣӴƣԭĴ˱ߣֱƣɱ
⻰ħͷɫһ䣬ν鸽ҲǱһˡΪ켣ħͷȻаÿͷһлᣬһ췴
ǰڽƣǸͲһȺƴɱĴ⣬ȴûԴ˾ȻֱҪЮ
˿ЩƣٿһȺ˰УȴƱǵĺУħͷЩԥˡ
ҦׯΪħļ֣ҦҵӣȻҲлѣæѯʸԴ˵˿ô
ԴԣƷƣƷ΢΢һЦ˵˲ū˵ܸ˰ɣ
⻰ҦׯĿ˺Ʒһۣͷãҿ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼ鱦ĸ֣ҾһΣϣسŵҲʹ
Ʒԣ˵ͷǴӦ
ҦׯŵһߣħѹħͷѾˣһûᣬֻҪɱǣܽӴܱѩޣһõĺ£β
⻰ԭħͷǱѣ׷״ȵɱɱЩͺ¿ɱǣ޲Tħ޲Ǻ۸ġ
һɱԭֻǻеµħҲ׷׸ǣļȻֱȼԪ֮һʱ䣬ٴƴһ¡
ɫ΢ʱΨˣҲԥȻȷûЩħû׼ã㶯
תۼ䣬˻Щս´Ѱɱ˲ƴһսܿ죬ɱ
ħⷽݬ룬еȳˣܿ߷ԲھҦׯʧȥսͬʱҲʤƽ䵽ħһ
ʱƣħͬʱߣʧȥķķСззȴ׷˳ȻħҲ˴Ҳֻʣ·Ϻлڿ֧֡
ʦ㿴λʦܶѾʧܣֺαأūҽһԵȥΣ
ħŮҪƻƶɮҽħ
ʦǲʶôȻˣҲһϣҽʦ°ɣ
⻰ҦׯԴµȼӦŵһ׷׳бͼߣٱΧû߹Ҳ
ô󹦸ɣƷǹһ˿Цݣתͷǽ֮У̧һ㣬ųһöȥ֪ͨһ


һ նɱ
֮Уһջòɿǧֽһ򷨣һ򷨣ʫ˫ֽʹջʩչǴ⵽ġɽ䡯
ӲӲûа㻨Уʱʱ棬ǾѾ֪˶ԪǽջϵĽҲ˼֡
ڽջ˵ͬһĵĶԪֻⷬƴǵûеƣԽսԽ¡
Ϊһսʫɴ֮һĶԼʱĲһһ֤һ飬ڻͨԼӽ֮и߾硣
ʱһ̧һ֪ٿĽջҲɫʱҪٴȥǲˡ
ϣ㾹ȻҹħҷΪУѵ׹ħٲô
ǽջʹóɽ䡯֮󣬵һζһڣȻѾͨϢӦ潫ٻжʧȥս
߸´Բӣĳ׹ħĳոЩħŰˣ˷߸뵱񣡡
ϣҪɫħҷᲢۡ
߸ֻ׼ݹٷŻ𣬲յƣĳ׹ħΣѵ߸»뽵ħɣ
˵䣬һٺһЦֽĽһһɢȻԽ֮һϬ̶ȶԶѰȵǽҪǿ١
һ⣬üͷ壬ҲԹһСһ뵽Ǿʹ˱Ҫ׷ΣͷҲɵü
ãܺãû뵽쾹ȻƵزҾͲòѧħˡ
һ䣬ջϻָƽӡϥնһϱɽ֮С
һ״һɫ΢䡣ԱԪӤħԱĺˣû޵ɱֶΣˡ
ߣһħһˣ˵ΰ󣬲ȻƴֶΣҲֲĳˡ޽
һֺڣһԽ֮һߵĺӽɳһУ޽
׼붨֮һͬھĽջҲӰ죬ͣ¼ǳԾɻǾֺͷŭӡ
޲T޺׽ջƺɤɳƣβſôһ仰
һԣüͷһʱ׶Էϳ޽ԭ塣ˣҶǵжԣҲûа˼
˽޺׽ȴˡ
ʲô޺׽㵽ʲôˣǲ޲Tˣ
޲TˣһüͷһԼħҲ޲TͳҲĵ˵ͷǷҪô˵Ҳ޲Tˡ
һϣջϵľ廯ϲеð̤Ьٴȫѹû뵽ҵ޲Tˣãõúܣһβܳʹ»ܵõֱӴﵽˡ
⻰һһ㶣ͷһ˿õĸоӿܿͷ£һЦ˵δ̫˰ɣȻҽ˽˳ȥ
ջЦСϣǰͶˣȻ֪޲TĴˣﻹЩֻҪϢȥٴĹ˹ֻҪӳһ˿ʶ޻·
һԣȻɫһȻٲ˵ֱӳ޽֮֡ǿһ򷨣һʱ䣬ǧΪһ壬һ˿ջȥ
ɱңҪȫƿ޺׽ڻһǧ
ջȻЦ˵ŷҪһתæӿ˭֪⡮ꡯû˵ּǸոձܹĽ˿ȻٴγǰüľȻֻ߲
ܣѵȫƿˣջʱǰԼ˵Ļ
Ŷȫգһ˫΢Уǹһ˿ЦݣǼ£Ͱ쵽ˡ
˶Իֻ˲䣬£һ˿ѾԹٴ̵ջüģϼӳֵͨɽ䡯һֵ˿ֱӴС

һҽдջվԭأͨһ俪ǹķҲɢԭɰ˵ήֻѰ˴СһڲС
⻹ҵһ鱦鱦֮ȻͬѰѹʿΪ鱦񣡡
һԼôöûµĶ־Ȼô򵥱㵹޽֮¡̾ͬʱüͷһĿ⿴Ǹ֮ϲɢĽ⣬һһѰġȴͬ


һİ 
ӣ
һЦһҲüĿһ⣬һķɳһתת
Сתһдһдǽջ
أ
һٺһЦ䣬䣬Ҳʩչڻʹӡǵȥͬʱſںذˡԣͨ˹ȥ
ǽҲֲסۡһƿСʵС˶Ŀǽջ˭ˣ˵ٻķ塣ֻƻֻѰˮ׼
СһҶĿͨôܷңոԳΣջĴ
ϧˣһҶĿ̩ɽ̩ɽ֮⻹أǡû֮ͨеġ
ʲôʮ֮ͨһ㲻ͳ㲻ϣȻȴͨܣջҲֲס򶨣ЩЪ˹Ĵ
һ״ȻһЦһ䣺Ҳ˵Ź󣬱ĴҲԲͨɣ
ջ⻰˵һ㶣ƿڴһ״Ҫѯ޲T׽ŵĹϵᣬֻһֱѡ
һ֪ջˣһĲ˵Ҳ޷Ҳѯʣ̧һУͨһöɫڽջ£һ֣תֱֱջѹȥһŽ
صıҶɹɵ֣Ҳ̹ħŸ֣ҲûзŹֻǲ֪ڷŵˣǷҲá
һ뽫ջֱ뱴Ҷ֮УǿΪ뵽˴ˣϾⱴҶǷסĻԼջȻһЩʱ˵ýջƿⱦҪԿˡ
ˣȽһ˵պܹȫƿرҶ߸Եò١
뵽ֽջӿռ֮Сڴ飬ɢ˽Χ
˵һصĺУԼƷƵˣǹһ˿ЦݡƷƽ֮ûйֻǳ˽һЦŵļħͷǰ
㣬ʲôҦׯһģͷо뵽Լֿܵһֻﷴ
Ҫʲôѵ㻹ܵõɣһһЦǽ¸졣
Ҧׯɫɷף֮⣬ͨڵأĲѡ
һ㣬ѵٻŵɣҦׯӲͷƤ˵仰֮вûа
һ״Цһ촫ЩȻ顣ڳħͷоϽƶΪҪɵʱȴоƾȻʧ
ϷߣҦׯһ˿ϣæѯʵ
ô㲻ôһǹһ˿аЦ
⻰⼸ħͷʱףһϲĳһݣСĿûзԵ˼ڲͣķɶݶȥ
ħȥֻʣҦׯһˣĿһһ۵֪Ҧңߣʱġ
һԣһЦҦңѵȵϷôŶҵΪһҦңҾͻɵɣ
⻰ҦׯһȻƾһ֮ɱһߣʱ׶ԷȲԼǿߣҲԶ
ãû뵽ҦׯһȻͿһʱĴڣԶһʾͽ䣬ԭ֮ǰ
˵䣬Ҧׯһ۾Ȼ䣬һѪ籡ʱʹֶֹס
һΪԷӵܣһ¶ʱı뷨ͷЦãһϱȻˣҾͲƽҵˣХ磬Ҵ֮֮һʹպٸҷңڼҡ
⵭䣬Ҧׯȴоǿѹȣ˵ͷҲ˵ֱ۱ȥ
ħȥһԴͳ¶ˡ˶ʱʲôæǰݵͨҵԸңΪţʹ
һΪָٲҪʲôڻһЩôʹ˷ֱ𣬵˭֪Ƕ˾Ȼȱʾģȴ֪δá
һԺƷƼ״Ŀһתǰһϣ˵ħ£бʿ¶Ȼò٣ҼǶΪģ°ɣ
Ʒ飬һҲ뵽Լ˵Ҫ޲Tħϴʱ䣬ͷӦ
һУڽעת̱һصĺУȥҲˣֻǴͷķС


һľ 
ж䣬˷ڵϣʱֻһ֣ȴ˽ջʱ׷ʲôһŲ԰׵ϸǷһҵɫ
һŽӴΣҲ˼˽⡣ڷſƴ󿪷֮ţʵǿԵʵǿʤıʮֲϲԶϺҲûһ
ʦЩҪѯһϽҿԿһ
˵䣬һֽ⿪ӡһ֣
гƵٴδһһſڵ֪ʩкҪѯƶɮǷ̾壬ҿ̽һʩ¡
һһЦȻˣǻʦ̸һ̸ž塣
û뵽һȻ壬ȻԾȴ֪ʲô˼˵ͷ㿪̳ȻԲû漰ͨȴ֪ྭģ½˵һ
ԷΪѾ̤˷Ŵһ⣬ǵûԵÿȤζȻʤǷˣΪԵ͵ʿµҪͶš
ֻڳͶĺڵħޣû̺ܹͨ˵һ꣬˵͸һ㣬û̫á
ڵ췽ҹнһιӥĹ˵꣬һֱǰͷϸһȻĿðط˶֪һǽ˶״̬ҶľȻǷŹ
бֻʱ䣬˭֪һȻ𷨣һһϲȻҲ˲ͷѾ𾭣һƪƪž䱻гȻͬһ㣬һͷŵԽԽ
Դͳ¶Ϊ֣Ҫǰϣ˭֪߳һ㱻ƷסԭʮŷƷƣΪ˵˻ԴʱҲȴӣֻǿȰ˵
ĸΪסǣǲֹУ˶ţ´ҪΪūˣ
ͺ¿ƶˣôУ롣
ƷԣҡͷһЦǷģô׾ͱ˶ţܻ죬ǺȻʹҪʹȴȲǾ;Թ۱ǡ
⻰Ҳһһһʵûȫָʱ򣬶ܹڷ˼⣬ʵﻹܱһӡ˵ĺ뵽ҲУվһԣ̬չ
ȴ˵һȻ޷꣬ȫԴǱҶȻ޳ͳޣʵҪž壬˼Ҫһķʲôӡ
һʱײ޷˵ʲôŵĸԴ͸Լǲ㲻֪ħŵȡȲǰͬʱҲ϶ֱָͬ·
Ϊ˾ʵԼķŸת֮ڵе֮½һڶ״̬״̬ͨʫɴеʱյġȻϲĶ򣬵ȴѵıסʶ
һʱ䣬һƪƪžģһŹ£һӿԺ֮Уһŵ֮С
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Ȼ˱ʶȻûôױӰ죬ڻܽԷоԼʵŻ
һҹڷͷ󺹣ɳƵʱһͷ⾹ȻϢʱ֮С
ʱһҲתֻ˫Ŀź֮䣬·֮ͨ⣬ǹһ˿صЦݣ·ǧǻۡ
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һԣ̧ͷн⽥һ˿ЦݲֻǷ·Щζ
ӷ𣬶лʦֻĳ޶ۣȻ𷨣ȴ÷벻÷ţʦ°
ϲɫʱ̣ͬħһ㣬һܣ㷽ŶƣǣϷ֤Ŵ֮࣬ǷŴ¾ܣȻˣôܻ𣡡
һԣǰ壬ʱ˼ԭͳŵųɾŶﵽ޾޹ԲϾ鱥ܹﵽųɾ͡
֮⣬һ֮ǱͨɮֶΣԵɺ֮£ͬɽƽķʥء磬õһ֮


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ν֮Ȼų⣬ڷ֮ȴѵõĺôΪͨӣõ˵пܽޱ߷ϴˢ˳Ĳõ֮ˣڷ֮еλȷ޻һ֡
ǡɮУϲȻǷŴ֮һվ˽ɣԱҲܴΪԵɺ֮µ֮ղӳ侭ĴڣλˮǴߣõһĵλ
֮ȻôЩôǶԷԡڷ֮ˣ֮ȴ·ǿĽһһ֮˱ǿȵõʶ궼ǿܵӰ졣
֮󣬲ԭǾħϹŴ۶ôҰѱնϴһ㣬ԹԵĳΪŵӣǻ˵֮Уȴﵽ֮һĶ㡣
ȻҪﵽĳ̶ȿνϼѡб⾭Ҳֻʱˣ˭֪һ򣬱˼Ҫ磬֮Ȼǰ֡
Ҳֻһ֮룬ֱƣȷһ˷磬ϲ֮ΪһȻˡ
ֻ֪һ󲢷ҶᱦӦı仯ģ˵һΣüٽ
ȻЩһԼ֪˵ԭ϶һȻ˭֪ȴȻȴûһ㱻Ȼļ
νּϲ֮ҡǷĴҲѳֲסһ˲䣬ԭԲһ˿϶
˵һ˿϶ڷ˵֮һ˲ϢܲϡһΪͬ޷ĸ֣ͨдͨĸӦνޱ˲Ͱյһ˿϶
û뵽̤Ьٴȫѹͨ䣬
һЦһһָں޷ķüģһ˿ͨ뷽Ժ˲䣬һޱߵķͳǰ
ĦڵķޣһͿ۽޺λ˭˶ƫƫңǾͲòЩͷˡ
˵䣬һĺ֮УõϢѸٵѲһ飬Ƭ֮󣬼Ǳͨʹķ϶ҪرգŲæץȡ˼ͨӡǲ˳
ջطһǹһ˿Цݣ֮ȣǷǾָ֣һʹ
ȻҴʶ㵽͵ȡʲôٻ£㶨ġ
һ״΢΢һЦĳȴǿ˲ٶֻҲⲻȫǴʦŭ˵þܲȫˡ
⻰һͬʮʮҹӣӲŭסһֻڵأٲһơ
һ״Ҳ˵ȻһЦ·ӡ̧һУӿռ򿪣з׷У䵽һĿռȥˡ
һУƷ½һһȷûбȻ֮ģһ
ƷƼһƽͬ㿪ѯʵѵǺпеõʲôõĶɣ
һԣ˵ͷǵõЩû뵽һǾȻ˷ħŵİս֮У¹˶ã޲TǾҪһսˡ
ħŵİսһս
⻰Դ¶ˣǺƷƶһһ˵ͷ㽫֪˵˳
ӷʶ֮е֪һָμطŵӣԼ˻ȸںʵһ飬Ǿ޲TϷħżһս
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ìܱܻغܶ꣬Ϊ֮ڽ翪ʼ֮աΪĶ֣źħŵìѸټټħߥޣ޲TħǵħΪ½Բǰʼһս
һ뷽˵ֻ˫ǰսӦǷʤһôһҾ֮ˣһ˱仯
νɼֻǷˣҲӲϢ뵽ԼֻǱӣʱܷǣɫ
ʱһǹһ˿Цν첻֮·һսȴҲһСĻ
ᣬʲô᣿Ʒɻ
һһЦؼҵĻᣡ


һһ ŶǼʴ
޲Tǣ½ڣԭħƵħŴӪȴһɨħգׯصķ֮أνǱɮˣƽնŽ壬ٲ֪ħΪɼ֮ǿֶ֮ࡣ
½ķŷΪ㣬ķޣзз𣬽̻ˣѰ£ųֵĶǱţŶ䲻
һʱ䣬ĴڵŵķҲʱ֣Ƿ𼣣Ƕݹߣƺһʱ˶·׼ʲôһ
žۼڣ½һƫԶڣԷΪģзԲĽȺۼһƻֺ֮СС¡֣Ƿг
СҲΪ㣬Ѱһ㣬ڽ룬ÿնǰ̤ż¾Ҫһܼеڣڵ֮ʹΪʥأֻǸ˽ˡ
һգһԶҲ˼˿ֱС֮Уڼ״ͬһ㣬æݵ
ȴ˵лһɮˡѲɮʮһ񣬻ǳʦ壬ǳʦ棬Ȼݲ͡
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ţ⻰ҲһһתŷϢȷУ
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Ȼĵ˵ͷ˿ˣǲ߼ķ񶼲ܾȻأ˷񣬿¶ԷǡڡĴˡֻǱ߲ûд˱ĵϨϢǻûǱץҪʳҷŵļƻɣ
⻰ڳжһϾһ׼ħŽйıãǱԷ֪ʧܣ²ǷˣСҲܵǣ𷣡
ɼ۷׷ףɫҲᳪһţ˲䣬Ͱ˶
ǱҪӣʧȥСǾ޴ʧҷŴƸǲħУֻǱɮڴ˴νᶯ´ֻܼˡ
⻰ɮԲ⣬ɿڵ㷽˵ǲǰ޲Tǣˣ㽫˱ĵƣͬħŵҲһΪָ·ҲѰҷˣ֪»ΪӹӦûӦŵɣ
ԣʱȻɫһϲ˵ͷȥˡŷȥ˳ᢵķɫѿΪﵽڡĸ֣Ѿڤڤ֮ио⣬һΣȻƻȴоһ⡣
ȴ˵Ѫԭ֮еһɽǰһХ䵽Գһһ֣ӿռеĺƷƣԴ˷˳
ɾħʮ֮һħ³ôһϿѯʵ
ˣӦþˣֻħ³ǽ䱸ɭϣ˴죬ԽСæص
䱸ɭϣҵҪһԣɭϵʲô̶ȣ
ƷȻһЦ˿һһ˿֮ʧϢ㲻棬ɼ̶ʱ䣬ΪͶ˿籵ƿһ̨סֻƬ̣һ΢ɲը촫üһؽ˿˻
һԱ񣬺ǺһЦ鱦Ǳ벻ȥǼҪȥ¾ˡ
һЦԼƷƲգ㻹Цūңħ³ĳǳأǽȥѵҪһǳأǳضǷļƻˣ
һݸһЦħ³Ǻų֮һǰ׾ܻȥģͬĳǳҲ֪࣬ܵĳǽз϶ֻ꣬Ҫһ㣬Ͳ½ȥ
ƷǱ˵ͷȻˣǾ͵ֻû뵽޲TϾȻд˵еǼʴĿԾʹ˲ˡ
⻰һ˵ͷħ³Ƿһ˿ϣ


һ ǿ
ഫϹʱ໥ӣҲңԶʱǸ߽ͨͨ໥ͨϹû֮룬Զȥ˸һнһɢҵ״
ʱǣимڴˣϹŲƬڽпռŲƣһﵽһıνǼʴ󡯡֣һɹнĸˣϹżΪϹţڶഫжʧҪָܣǼʴҲ˹ԡ
Ϊһ磬ҲкǼʴĴڣ˵ϹҲԽʱǨ١ؽ١˽٣¼Ѿʧʷ֮УûмӰ಻ǹżְܼ֮ˡ
ԣʱ缸Ǳչ޳ܹ֮ƾ跲ײĿռ֮磬罻⣬ûа취
ڵһ֮޲Tʫġ»С硯Ǵ͹ְ취ͬ˽ȻȴϧֻеƱҲʹҪʮΪѡ
⼸޲TϣһƽƵͬʱҲ취бȽϿܵıһԼΪз磻һܹˣ߾ҵԼȥ
ֻ취ǰߣһԼţҲܹڶʱ޳ˣǵ޳ɣ»ƻ˶ˣ˵ش٣ڵڶ취Ҫˣӵ֮˰æ仨ʱȻǰߣѶһ㶼䡣
нڴˣһһֱΪΪѡֱ׽Уʶ֮еõϢԭһηħ֮սȻǣһǾǰڲ޲TǵǼʴ
ħ֮ս޲TϷźħ֮޲TǾͳȨսνδУʧȥħֵħΪ˻úڱħŵ伮ŷ˵޲TϴĴڡ
ֻ˭֪ϢȻ֪ȻҪֹ˷е˵жǿ糣׽壬ʵȴ׼˴̽Ϣ
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ֻΪ֮һħ³жɽһĸ򣬸ħᰳĴڣһ֮һͺƷƶȷϲȻСһѡõİ취һԡ
ʱҴҹȥһαǰʱ⣬ʱħ³ǵ˲٣Щ˲Ϊ̫ߣ׿ݣ̫ܴͣǽ룬һȺ˽֡
һգһԼĶ֮һ˿һ˿Ц˶ȥһɫХƣﵽ˲ħģԼĪڵˮ׼
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һԣҲŲæͣ½⣬ԳһЦȭȻˣҲΪҴһ·
·ЩĿһһۡ
Ǵ·Ͷħ³ǣֻǿû·Ѵҽħ³ǡһ΢΢һЦĽѻ
⻰üͷ΢壬һ´һźٺһЦԭˣҪ⵹Ҳǲԣֻħ³ǿɲ˭˶ܹȥҽϸ̫࣬һһıºݣͨܿ
˵Ҳֻǲ֪Ҫңһ΢Ц
İ취ܼ򵥡ǾһԸ㣬Ȼͻˡ˵Żǹһ˿Ц
ŶҲǣǲֵΣһһɻ֮ɫ
ǲҲܼ򵥣ȥˣ
ԽԽ䣬һֳڣЦһα㶯˫ֻ棬ƿ˻֮ͳһնɱ
һ֪ô򵥣Ҳ׼ԷϮɱæһתʹӶԷ˫ּɱ֮һһɫ֣ѡֽ֮Уɱ¾ǿҲħڵĴɱ¾


һ Զ
һ־ϬԵĽħΪܵסԼ⣬΢΢ԾһЦ˫ֻâ
һУһҲԷƺҲϲȻһЦɱ¾֮нֵʩչ
⽣Ӱ㶷ʱ䣬һȻֻʩչĺڵħԪԷҲûʹĺڵʮ֮ڶٻһգȴûзֳʤ
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һǵһ˵ɱ¾һҲ׿ǵħٵʱġôɱ¾ͲڣټϺԼ޺׽֮в룬Ĵɱ¾ѾвٵĲˡ
ȻԷϳԼĽЩ⣬ýݣ˵ͷѲ²ⲻǴɱ¾ǲƪԼȫвͬ
⻰ǻ˼ĵ˵ͷԭˣǸڽʿ亱ˡȻɱħǵĴУһоͺ˵ˣ㲻Ҫħ³ôҴȥǡ
һŻɱһȴͻȻһٰʮת䣬ЩȻԷϴԼȥҲöʣΪֻҪħ³ǣǶԷǧƣҲѵİ취
ǻ˸Ļ̥໥֮ͨһ֪ԷԶţȻҲ޲TǵˣǼƶħЭ޲Tħ޵ĸ֡
ԼݣһԼ׫һ˵Լľ𣬱ɢޣõһز˽ճɾͣĿģҪħ³ǻһݲ£ͼһȡ
˵ԶԳһ˿ţȴûзһΪһֵûã˱ħ³⡣
ԶŵЭһ׽ħ³֮Уżúųǵ磬пħᰳǰٱƣˣΪͶħڸ֣ħڶħļҲ֡
һһҲ̾ħ򣬲һת뵽޲Tħڵʱ򣬿һֺ롣
һԾʱԶվһԣ΢΢һЦľֿħ³ǣкθ룿
һ֪ԼʱɢޣҲɫ̾ͷ֮һǷͬ죬ҹȻˣܹͶһֶ塣
ԶԺǺһЦҡҡͷħ³Ȼǻֺ׳Ͼ˥䣬ձɽѾûе⡣ľֽҪͶħ³ǣȻܰæֻǿ²ǰ㣬Ǻ㰡
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һͷȻ֮޲Tħʧ٣Щͺ¿ôռ½ħڴˡ
ԶȻǴ£ľֿ֪²޲Tħʧô򵥣֪Ϊʲôʮʱ䣬޲TǾȻûгһλħô
һһ㶣û˼ԶţɻΪΣ
ԶŹ̾Ϣԭܼ򵥣Ǿ޲TħǵħҪеģΪ޲Tħʧ٣жϾԼΪӽҲѽ޲Tħǵ˴ﵽħΪΪħ
һû뵽ԶžȻô򵥾ͽһܸԼɫ΢֣Ҵµʲô˼
ԶżһҲָһľǴˣҲܴ֮ⷱпЩǷҪ֪ʧȥħе޲TħţǶħǣҲǾˣҽľһѡ񡣡
Ŷ֪ʲôѡ񣿡һ֪Ϸˡ
ԶźȻһЦѡܼ򵥣һľͶħ³ǣ뽫˵ǣԺһҲҪ𣻵ڶǾľ룬ΪҼƶħǣħŵĿ䣬ҽ޲T꣬һؼƶǣܹΣ
һֿܣҲû뵽ԷȻԼ˼ƶǡĿĲħݻһھܾΪ˲˶Էӣһģ
֣޲Tʲô̫ѣľĳ
Զż״ΪһȻ⶯ȴЩհǰ˺󣬱ٺһЦ˼ܼ򵥣ǰ˵ħ³ҵ޲TħڲصǼʴҵǱֱӻȥˡ


һ ƶ
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һá֣ͷһֻҸڻؾ˭֪νɲ飬Զǰ޲TǵȻøĿء
ΪԷһԾѯʵ֣˵ǼʴѵϹ֮С֮䣬дŲƵǼ
Զż״ҲΪѵ̾ϢǼʴˡʮǰĳһ޲TħҵǱ޸֪ʲôĿģǵûãʮȥħҲϾЩ˲ֻһҪţһҪ׼£ѰǼʴͲ㹻ˣԲҼƶԼħǰæ
⻰һ˼һ޲Tԭһħ֮ǿһħϾֻȽŸߣЩħĺûᡣʱñħ޵õ˵ûҸȼĻᡣǾͰ޲TħǵǵֵŵǰߣҲ࣬񿴵޲Tħǿܸˣҿ˵æ˵ңĿľΪ˿ƴˡ˵ǷŻħţħǣҲϵҵĿʹô󷵻磬һ޲TħźͽħǵħҲ޲𡣲ԶſǳǸ֮ˣȻô򵥾Ҽ룬˵ñ˼µҲû̫ѡ񣬼ʲôǱãͼֻҪСЩˡ
⣬ӦѯһΣճ̶ȣĹˡ֮ԶżȰ˵֮£ǿӦ
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ʮǰ޲TħڣȺħƶ˿´ύͳ޲Tħ˥䣬ƶħǿһǰϱһΣƶħǰæסȻǳĹС
һԶݣһţһȺ֦չŮһԶűҲƵĽ鳯ϲ䡣Զż״һ˫»ɽ֮צæ
ԶæµʱҲ˽һܸЩŮ˼ȻһȻЩŮһһ˸֣ﻹϷŹһɦŪˣŪɧһЩԲ
ħϰߣһҲ˲٣Ҳ֣һɫģһ˫ŮϣúƷƽڣԼ𽵹֮еֶΣʱŪѨλǾ
Զæһͬ˵Ŀ⿴һҪ໥ֶֽΡһȻǿȻӦ
ڶߵʱ·ϻüͬǼƶǵĸ֡Щ˲ǾħŸ֣ƶϴɸ֡
ԶŽܣһ֪ƶǰʮֲ٣ҪǶħ³ǽСҡķǼʴ֮⣬ʴԱȵ෽档
һһų֮һħ³ǣ涼мƶǵӰӣ˵ƶǲħ³֮һˡ
ҿžƣʹҾӵĲǱģһħ֮ս̾Ϣһս֮޲Tħܹ¶½ҲΪħǵĿܡ
Ȼ޲TħԺʲôӣҲġȴע⵽Щ˽ʱԶȻҲһܸǵʱ򡣵һǰͶħ³ǣȴԶΪħŹʱЩȻ湧ϲһ˿Ϸʺͼ
һڲԹɫʮ룬˵ܹͨͨȫƿأԼ飬ͷȻè塯ֻΪ˽ӽҲֻ֪
һȺŮĴӵ֮£Զ˼򵥵ʽ˺õԶԭشȴָס֮󣬱ȥˡ
һԼסȥıӰԶϵЦݽһɢ޻ϸʲôĿģʱʼһ⣬ҵҪô򵥾ͳΪħŵĹҲԼʲôˣ
˵գһЦ§סԵŮӱȲĳԼȥ
ȴ˵һԼһȺŮӻطУոչϷţûһзɳֻһ̴ЩطŮ㵹һء
һΨһһվԼǰĺ¼ˣǺһЦѵǳԴײɣ


һ ܽů
ǰ¼ǺƷɡֻӯӯһЦһ˸򸣣һҪǣõҳԴôοЩŮϸҲӹ֬׷ۣҲ㷨۲ɣ
һһ㶣һЦЩŮαȵϴ鹫ӣ
Ʒ佱Цݸ֣ڿһЦ֪ϷūңǴԶ֪ʲôԲߣ
һݸһЦ˵ӣʵ򵥣֪Ŀģȴ֪ҵĿģνڰʱӦȨοʵҪң»һء
һгӣƷҲ¶ϲɫͷȻжƣҲ˵ˣΪһȻȥͻƲħģȵʱб仯Ҳܶһ
⻰һͷһصŮӣ뵽ʲôǹһ˿ЦҲգֻ㽫Ūˣ𣬲֪ճأ
ƷԣԵõЦһа취ֻǵһѣҪһҹ̰ͷϣʱɲҪŶ
һԣʱ׺ƷƵֶʲôһЦ˵ͷȴڲһ֣ͽƷ뻳С
һҹ̰ģҪƭˣʵʵŲ
ʵʵνʵָģ
ȻǸһ浶ǹǲ֪Ը⻹ǲԸˣ
Ʒԣʱһָʲôԭһ߳һ˿ΣҲһУ
㣬֪۸ūңѵС׽֮˲ɣ
ԭЩӣһѾС׵֪˺ƷơҲ֪صԭ򣬻ħų˵С׵Ĵڣҵ֪СһǵûвԴ˿ʼС㡣
һС׺ͺƷ˫ޣõޱȺôͷοϷŹ̰ĺûᡣúƷƽСװǵ֣ĸϻϿͣȴ˼ģ
⵹ҲǣС״ʱӡסҪҲУС׷ųϴգͨδ̫ζ硭
ʲôƷȻѯʣȴ뵽ʲôɫͨ졣
һȻ״˫ޣҼǵõ𽵹һͣȤζһԣΣ
á˫ޡ֣Ʒһǵͨ죬˿Ŀһһۣ΢ɲĵ˵ͷȻĬˡ
һ״ﻹϷ֣һЦƷڻУ˵һصŮӣͳڼȥƬ֮һɢ֮Ա
ν̣һ̰ڶ峿ںƷʩ֮һȺŮγѱ㱻һͳ˷䣬֮еϸûУǾͲһǵˡ
ֻԴ֮ΪΣÿŮ䣬ҲûжǣֻúƷʩΪΰˣǶƷ˫ޣȻ˻ŵĵطȻԵõȤ
þǲӳ˽һ֮һ磬һڷӵһѶѶ֮Զš
һʱ䣬ԶҲʱǰˣȴǵһΡħǣһħڲѶ˼һһϢǹһ˿Ц
û뵽ˣ
һȻһЦҳƷƣԴͳԸ֮ٽջȥ׼ȥˡӾԶסȥ
ԶŵͬʱһʮͬǼƶԮħ³ǵĸ֡һһ۱㿴ЩֳַһΪԶŲࡣһЩ඼ĺڸ֡
ҸͬʣǰЩ֣дҷ緶ȲЩȻҲǸ֣ȴϲһƺССһ
ԡĲ²ͬ⼸֣ͷЦЩֺʶһ˵룬ͳһħ³ǳȥ
˱Ӵһƫһк°³۵ĸѾȴ
ħ³һӸҲһ㲻ħļһĺڣȻΪӸǷһĴڣֻħ֮УǲԪֻħɣԱΪħڡ
һҲħšħڡִ棬ȴǵһΡоԷ֮ǿħԪ֮ԼصħĴ˼¶ĲҲɰ̾ħĵ󾳽ߡ


һ 
򵥽ܼ֮ⱻħ۵ħڸ䵭Ŀһۣǿһһĺڸֵʱɫÿһ
λƶǵѣ˴жΪλЩ©ôáοǰæң
⻰ƶߵȻֻǲħĺڵĸ֣ħȴӾ£ǺһЦ
ħ۴˴ԲӣЩҼƶǸ֣ҲǲμӴѡλ©ǰæңһ֡
˵䣬ԭƶǸȥʱԶһЦӭȥһһ
һ֪ԶԼֻ֣Ŀıǵ͵Ƕ룬ʹͷЦͬʱֻûпɴվԭز
ԶɫЩ䣬ȻϷŹһһò׵ġ֡ٺһЦǰһӵѣȻħ۴ҪҼƶǵʵħŹϿʤΡ
ԣɫһϲ˵ͷȻˣǾųϳħ۴˿ҼƶǸֵֶΰɣ
һͷȻԸ⣬Ѿ˵ϣȥ˻ɣҲ£Եõ˳
ħۼһһдһҲáָһͬħڸֲֳ˽սöڵбԡ
Ŷ³۵аӣһҲûп˼־Ǳ仯֮ġɱ¾ϬͣһͽΪħ³ǾӢĺڸѹŴֻм֮ûл֮
һһȫʤħɫЩÿͬʱҲ޻˵ֻý֮ǰ˵ջء
˺ħ³ǸרŽ˴һʱһ֪ԭǺѰһƫԶҵ˴ټֻ⴫Ҳ򵥡ħʩƺͻأҪõͲòƽÿһĻزС
һζڴ˵Ŀľǽڿս֮ǰõܴɣҲҪӵһƿȨ
õַ֮Ҳɣ׷׳ħ³ǵħսħѪԭǰȥ
ΪƶħǰԮһҲֵһաΪ˸еˣΪע⵽Դһսħ³Ǹִ֮ԭħ³ǵֿʹϵ⣬ħۣɵͷĲ
˵ƽһںЩϾħǿֻҪ޽սֱ׷ɣƴɽٸֹС
һ񼶸֣˵û͸֣Ҳһԣ˵עĿԸ
ˣһҲóڲأֻҪܹʹô뿪޲Tħ֮ұԲٻҲùʲôġ
뵽һЩʼһһ߹Щ
ԭһʱ䣬ÿƷƹ˫޴ħ˫޴󷨣һǶ˾޴洦
Ҳ˵ƷѾޱƽħĵΪʱͻơһһħԪĻѾӽ˱Ԫͽɷ֮ڽƳ䣬ٴͷų֡
Ҳ֪˷ŻϲԵɣžԭͣͲǰķΪȻҲʼ¶һǵ÷ݴСʱɱԲڵĿܡ
ڱԪĻۣΪԭԪĳͻûΪ˫޵ʱСڣʹҲ¶ȶ˳ͻʹԪͣʹ
һȴҲ֪ǿȴܣǵȵպ̫ǿ󣬲ܵͣ¾ڡ
ݳ˲ǿΪͽ֮⣬в֮ڲ򷽷Ȼһܰ쵽ģھΣǵ˵飬ͲΪ˵Ҳˡ
;ʱ䲢֮ĿĵڡĿĵأ֪ħɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊ˴ħѪԭҲħ޾ۼ࣬ħѪ޿ߵĵط
˲鿴ħѪ޿ʱмȺ٣Ĵǵĸ֡׼ʱǰ
һװѰħֲһһߴ磬ǳֽǹǳֿȭȻûаǵȴ˿ħޡ
˵Щ˾ǵһٰ塣ĻѰ壬Ϊף


һ ħ֮
Щһ˵أҲħǵˣоһҲ֪һʲô֮󣬾;ֱħ
һν˶߳˱㺰ǹ˳ˣлҪ˵
⻰֮һɧӵġħڡħ۸Խڶ˲ǰ档
֪Ҫ˵ҵϴħǵħΪߣȿڵ
⻰ʹߺٺһЦ˵ͷһá㳯ȥƬ̣һŮΪ׵ľȻŮӡ
ŮӣħҲһħ۵û뵽ǵһĵѪǰҵʧԶӭ¡
ŮһЦħȻ֪ҵѪǰҲͰǼʵһɣҽҲȦӣ׵ĸ㣬һǰĿĺܼ򵥣Ǿȡʮǰ޲Tħȥ֮ħ֮ġ
ħ֮ģ
ĸ֣ڳɫһ䡣һ֪ħ֮ʲô۱׹ԭνħ֮һԭ幩ã൱Ĵڡ
ʮǰöħ֮ġȻͻȻ伣廨˼Ҳǲûоʹ˷Ѱħ֮ġǱһ֮κһħ֮ĶԳΪһͳߡ
ʮʱ䣬֮ˣħ֮ˣΪħ֮伣ڡ˭֪֮˾ȻǰھҪ
ͻأҪħҲЩ֪Եһ
ħۿڵѪ죬˵ġħ֮ġѾʧôôħУοħУΪβҪڲ
ѪһЦʵħ֮ģ֪ôˣֻʮǰħƴǲҪʮ꣬ҪҲòǾͿˡ
⻰ڳħŸ֣ûһǱͷһתµ˴š
ħۿʵ˼ǣħ֮ıҪҵǼʴһ𲻳ɡܣ˵Ǽʴħ֮ͬʱ֣֮䲢ûϵҪǿһδ̫ʲô֤ݲɡ
Ѫԣǹ˼ʲôԥƬ֮ŵ߱ûʲôϵɶͿɶڣʮǰʱ޲Tħ֪ʲô˼ȻԵɵǿʥأħ֮ġʱǣ»˵Ҫأȥȡֻǵ꣬廹ħͳ˧֮£θҿֻһֻ۱һֻۡЩ꣬£Ѱħżȴվûҵ˭ס̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬵֪ҵϢ֪㲷һԣ˵˴ܼħ֮ģԣȻڴ˼ˡ
õѪ콫鷭ħ뵽ħܹѹﶪ˶ҳȴͷʮֲζ
ֻƱǿʵȻħż֣ҲһСڼʼķħս֮Уְææţһ̵ʤҪ˼ˡ
һħۿڵˣ⴫¹ħ˥СǶòμӣҪ룬
Ѫ뵽ڣӢ¶һ˿ЦͷģڵõϢʱ峤ȥǣʱҲӦõ˰ɣ
˵䣬Ȼһƿ֮һööħ۷׷յһö֮ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ħʰɫѪЦȻλȻٺòȻĸλҪѰǵħ֮ģҪǴ󣬲ͨΣ
Ѫħת˿ڷ磬ǹһ˿Ц˵ͷ˵Ҳ⣬ֻǺͳϣħŲҪˡ
ħͷʮֲ죬ȴ˿ɫͷͬһԭֻǵĶ飬ӣȻһ
°֮󣬺ƺֵĶ㳯ħѪ޿߿һ䣬˶˵
һ޿֮УȥǸɫħޣСҲļˮ׼ǿˮ׼һ˶ħźľӢǿħ޲ʲô֮࣬Ҳɱ
ͳħ³֮Уһħ³˶ڶɲɣͬе֮һϡ
Щʹž׵ĽһҲ̾ΪεԼʹһֺýҪΪϵˡ
̾̾͹ͣû˼ȥҶԷֽ̽ν粻ֹŴ飬һ·նɱħ޵ʱ֮б


һ ؾ
һһɲΣ֮ǼΪһ࣬׽츳ףһ֣նɱħͬɱһ㡣ͬϣоͿԿ徫Ӣ֮еľӢ
ħȻȴˮˮһĵĽޡһնɱħ޵ʱɲһһִɱ¾ҲǾޱȣһʱϲ㰵Աƴ
˭֪ɲŲ۽ǹܼ֮ͬɱһ·ȴԾķ֣һ˽оʮǿħʿնɱħ޵һ㲻Լ١
һʮͬʱĿ֮ԼɲԼΪһֵİϷ£Ҳ⾮ˮˮһ׷
赲Լǰɲһ㲻ЦСˣ˭֪˶ϣҶԼĻٰһˡ뵽㰵Ӧ
֪λΪľĳȥ·һڵ
ľɲ뵽ʲôҡͷľѵҷ֧һԣ˿㲻壬Ҳܴﵽ̶ȣһǳˡ
һֹˣʱͷЦͬʱڵѼ£²ͨ壬岢޹ϵÿһ·Ҹ϶Σ
ɲԣعҡͷУҶʹǵһμ֮ͬĽ֣ܸͬ߳ôܷȥ
һԷеĿͲŷƽʱ˵Ҳһأƴһѡιϵش󣬲ʧҲòæǫ
λҵ˵Цˣʲôý֣ǻֽˣαȵҽǷҪȽϣ¸Ը䡣
˵ţһ˹֣ҪȥɲҲû뵽Լϵĸ־Ȼ򵥾䣬һ㶣ٴסһ
УйƷ֪ǧ٣ĸ֣ȻҪԱԣӮòףҾصҲᱻЦġ
һԷı飬ͷΣ˿ǰԶȥˣ˼һתһɡ
𷽲ѵı飬ȻһЦȻѷҪԣҲǲԣֻǴ˵زʺ϶˶Ҹ񣬿»ܵñˣҾͱһնɱħ˭ɱĶӮΣ
⻰ɲǰԼԱȽϵ˵ȴˣ˵ͷ⵹Ǹ⣬һܱ֤𵽱ԵãҴӦˡ
һԷӦ¶һ˿Цݣһ£ͬʱ鷽׷ȥһ·֮ϣ˽ħ޾¾Ƭ̣Ǳ׷ˡ
һƬ̾ͻһԱߣħЩҲùܱ룬ͷæɱħ
ħѪ޿ʮֹһиɱҹĿĵڡԭǻһƬ֮УھȻһı
ֻѰıֻͬ¶ڵ棬µĲ㼶ȫ·ȥ͸һé൱Ҷңдؾ֣ûϵó
ڣ´̽һȷǼʴСֻʱһǰǱΪ˱ȫ·Ҫסš
һ֮󣬸ʵֳһ棬ֻҲͰˣһǰĲбǵˣħˣԶڵһǳƤĹؼڡ
ħ³ߣħԱ֮Σգüƶǵغ򡣵ƶħƣοϷŹᣬһ߳һ֡ħΪ˹ȫ֣òӦ
ٵʱ򣬼ƶħߣһһȺ½ϵóʮȫغ棬޲TħǱĸֻ˳
ħɫÿҲֻˣһҲԼΪʲôᱻУԭʱģֻ˵ԼõóֵһΪ棬ħ۵ˡ
õĸֱû̫뷨ҲֵУһθûʧ֮ۡҲżΪо²ô򵥡
һ׵ħۣ۸ִ׷׽뱦֮ȥˡ
Ǿʹȥħ˳˳ȡôͻ鷢չһ²⣬ħ뱦֮󲻹ʱһͻأĴ˷𣬷׷𣬱һͷĴ¸ɮХգۼ䵽֮ǰ


һ ˯ͷ
һŴ˷ͬʱǵصķ£һʱ䣬ԲħһɨաʹһƬԭħߣһϷ𾳡
ԭеڱǰħ޶ɫһȴħۣԼ˿ʼ
ԭǵˣԼƺ֪·ֶͬˮһ㡣һЩԳ㶵վԭأǵõٻȥ䵱󱸡
ˣԭɢҵħһʱ㲼óɹʮط䲻˵ǹҲ൱ԹƵӡ
ʱ򣬷޸ڽӽΪ׵ޣÿ˶طֶշŵ˵ھʶ֮ͨѾǡĲĸ֣뵱еٻԸһĽջһ㡣
ֻ벻߲ͬЩ˲ǻΪͳķޣÿһһһδӲʶͨĥСͨȻʵһջΪڷ֮пܴﵽĳɾԶһԾ͵λȴԶԶġ
ƽȸֶ֮УǾĲ𷨣ɾʹ£Ǵڷž䣬ܳӣҪһ涼ǧѡһˣɼĶǼʴҲΪӡ
Ϊһ˫Ŀ΢ϣϵصķŸɮϼܹǰ˺ʮһޱߣͷǰ
⻰һ򵥵˸֣ȴԲڵΪʩֶΣһһ٣һȦȦɫƳɢȥ
ɫ䵽ŵڣʱͬĺģʾԣûлǼᶨģħ˶ħĺ֮ϡ
Ƭʱ䣬ΪħɫѾѿӵ֮ҲӰ죬ȻʼǷݵ
ħţħۣۼϸݣһ񣬱Ƿ׷ſХŭĸڳһ壬ɫ˳ŷϯȥ
һʱ֮䣬ⰵɫɫƺһ𣬱ը촫һʱ䲻۷ħ˶ֻУûʲôŭʲôٹƬ̣ɢһжƽ
ͨƣǷŸɮûŭȻ˵λʩҷֻ֮ҪϷ˽Կسɷ𡣷ҷнħ䵶֮£һп򣡡
⻰ħ֮еħһͺ¿ҲҪ˵ǷŲǳ֮ΣСˣǵħʱɸǰҡħ٣ռ½ͱˣħٲҪˡ
һλħҲڵħԹƲɫοڲҲãб¾ӲħŴ󷨣ܲܽЩͺ¿ɱһɾ
λħۿڣʱħŸַ׷׽кãҲΪץ˲ȥޣʼ
һƬŸɮܺãûлڣֻҲ֪ħʱ䣬һͷɮ׷׳ͷţ˻ر
Ƭֻ֮һŴӷű֮𣬱һdֵƮз޷׷׶ģͨħţϲõķһħ֮սʼ֮䡣
ħ֮еһһսɫòͣһսĻᣬֻҪҵһʱܿħ⣬ʩչһѿǣ֪Ľ뱦ȥ
ֻΪ󷨴ʦ֪Լħ֮Уһһħ۲Ҫȴôס
׼Ѳħ©Ƿܹһʱ򣬺һ˴Ӳӽתͷȥĸɲ
ԭ֮ǰǳԣһֻ˵˵գɲȴһ档˭룬ɱؾ֮ǰնɱħ࣬ҲֻȻȣԤԶԶ㡣
ԣ㣬һΣԷŵҹҵڶλᣬһǰһеڶαԡ
⻰һʱһ˯ͷĸоﻹܾæͷƺáɲˬ죬Ҳæָҵıء
ֻħ֮ǰһƬռУٸӰڷȭŵħЩǷ޿µĻǴɥʧ˱ʶ˿һĴڣڻҺܵĺõߡ
ɲָЩһĻһʱʲô뷨˼һת˫΢Уǹһ˿Ц


һ ѿ
һħ֮սһ˶ڣͨħţħһҲ׼شһʱ˫ս½ţɮصֵؾ֮⡣
˫սãӰħ󷨣һͷǰһȺƾֵĻȺ֮У˶һɲ
ħħۻ۶ͲΪ߲㣬ӦþԷ֡
ɺϾɺڣһǼƶǲİ֣ɲһĽܳ˲ţݿν⡣
ټħ屾ͰԽϾ˫ԣҲ˻һӣ˫ͬʱĬһԣǳս֮УֻǰԹעˡ
ȴ˵ս֮УһתͷɲȲһɱȻҲٺһЦһһִɱ¾ʩչ£סĺ˼Ļɱ
һȺŻǺһѡ˱ز⣬з𷨼ӳ֣ԲǷǿȶȵͬħޡ
ϧĶȴһ㣬һӵбȼʵҲ˵ɲΪϵĽܳӣֽս֮һʮĴڡ
ټ϶ȣնɱΪ׼ѡĶǼ򵥳ֵĻˣ˱绢Ⱥ̶һʱ䣬±Ż¡
˼öԷԼͬʱɱ϶¶飬ĿһתͬʱŻܼڡ
㻹ұôɲȵ
ֻҪңҾ͸ңһһЦһƵı顣
ãǾ͸
ɲһһݣʱŻķһ״ЦԼɱͬĻҪľĽһƻȴȻһЦȥ
һƬΧԲȥԲ֮ڱʮʱĺħ󡣶˵ͻأ֣ʱǵĹ
ԭЩķ޻׼ɼ赲ҲͰˣ˭֪ת۾ͱɱһƬײһ£ʱǼŭԭ󷨵Ļ׷תʼΧɱһɲˡ
ɲȻȴҲ֪ԼĽһæһǹһ˿Цһ䡰Ӯˡ˷һת˴Χ֮С
һɲɫһ䣬һԥǷȥʱһĲҽдţһŭ𣬽֮˲佫зŻһ⬡ϧǣЩûʹˣɱȥ
һҵײУһҫ۵ĺڹڻΧ֮еȼƬ֮һȻ촫л˺ѳƬͬʱһڵһһʱ̣йעߵˣͬʱʧȥϢӦ
ħۻۣǷŸ֣Ϊһз̫죬ûһŪ׷ʲôǶ֪һһǷԱˡ
Ψʣɲһ˴վԭأҲ֪ԼţΪһֵеʹ
ڳ˶ûע⵽ǣصڣһ̴䣬Ƭ̾ʹɵľ룬ĵĴħܳವһ¾ʧؾź󡣽ؾ֮һ̱Իһ˭ˡ
û뵽ô꣬ٴʹ֮һϷҲͦ㣬ǼöӰˣȻһлҪлλҡˡ
һ˵Цһ䣬Ҳͣһ㳯ؾȥ
ԭһؾΧֻɷԲһһ·ɱ˽һأżһʾԵĶֻһʯ֮дšħؾ֡
פʯ֮ǰһ֮ĵ·˿ֻããҲȥ·һ磬һҽдȻм־ĵظĸо
һħؾΪһħؾظħ֮еħ֮ЩϵΣֻҪдǰҲôһˣգһ̧ṳ֮̋С
ħؾȻһ룬ħħ꣬ƶɵħ֮С
Щħڴ˼䲻֪˶꣬һһôһˣͬڶͷϷŹ׷׼Хžͳ
һħ֮µ龰һŽ⣬ʮɳһ㣬͵һգ㽫ħˡ
˷Ļ֣һ谭һ·ǰߣ֪˶Զ⻪һתͳħؾ
ؾĴڣŽһˣȻûħհħԼ֮ҲãһβΪ˵һҵħΪҲٰɣ
̾̾ȴ֪ò׽ѿǵĻ᲻˷ѣ˼ͷҲصļȥ


һһ ħؾ
ؾһصڣŻɼǵ欒O磬һƬ֮һжתģضϽƣһҲнƬĹǵģĿ߶š
ʱһ罣Щ˲˾񣬷׷̧ͷȥһ𣬾Ȼƿ֮ͬɽһֱֱȥ
ڶҲǳһ͵ͣ£ȻըЩˣͬʱֳǽѿ֮ƣؾһ
ȴ˵ؾ֮󣬶ʱ״˴ǵħΪ󱲵ڡһ·ϣΪ˸ʱ䣬û˼ѸٵͨħؾѪħؾħؾħؾɱħؾʮؾ
Щؾ֮Уħޱħ֮ħдһ·û⣬ԣȴҲǳԼоԼħ䡯ħĹȻ
ȱкô飬˴ħؾĴʧһ㣬ոս˼䣬ԡħ䡯ĺ˱鶯һ£ת˲䣬˾ȫͬĿռ䡣
ռ֮УûмħûпħľȻͲֵĸΪħûκ̽鷽óһǾǰĸȷɡ
ǻܾͺֳһǼ٣ĸȴݲĸһͣ˵Լ˾Ȼڴ˴ȴǰһ֣ټһֱĸĿǷ֣Ҳɵˡ
˭֪ĸӶ˹׵ʱĸȴͻأɱһ֮£ںĳĸûɵնɱնɱ֮ĸһеһжʧָĳ֪⾹ȻǸԼֱ治Ļþ
ֻħؾһᣬ˺ܿеڶþ֣ͬһֶα٣֮˶ԨԴЩежԵѰɣֶһһһʶƿѳ
˺ھЩµĻþ֮󣬺ֳִָܿĻþٵɾӵ£ŮơִǵʿҲѡ
ǵһԼٵɾΪһ棬磬ֹش٣һصڣñı𣬸ñıһжԹ˽⣬һеɾʱ򣬼ҲС
֪˶֮˴һ˵أ֪ǰͬȥ˷ǽɽĽڣƣȴͲаܣЩҲнģǴ˵вд潣ɵĽħ
ˣҲ⡣֮Ըо⣬ΪոһоЩħʩչĽΪϤһ룬ףЩħʩչĽһԼгɵġ
̽飬һֳֳ̤һƮʮͷħƴһ˵У¶֮ɫ
ȻˣһȻǽ磬ȴѰĽ磬ΪɵĽ磬ÿһͷħʹõĶĽħ̺ĽҲһģһΨһĲȴǵڣȴǱӴ⡣
һˣһ̽һʱХ߰ͷǿħһۿȥüͷһ壬ΪЩħǿĽ⽣Ǭɱ¾Ȫزн
⼸ͷħħһ㣬ǽǽⴿ⣬ȻҪǿһߣɱͬںܶԼʹøǿĽ̺ǿĽɱǿҲЩ
һЩνһ·նƵüˣɱ񣬷ɱĺȻһԼԴӵ֮·ʮĵһΡ
Ǽᶨܿʰ飬˼һһɺӿϢһЦ齣ɱ˹ȥ
ֻڽħ룬ҲܱЩ̳óĽħ֣ͷǿġһֱǸ־У֮ƪ£ֽ䣬һ򷨣һ򷨣ʫ˫
ֶʹһɱڶལħ˲֪жãϲ֪ٴˣͬǣЩСĽħҲͽֶΣ鵱Ψǿļͷħɱһ
ʱ򣬲α˼ٲնɱһͷħЩħҲɱ˫һֵֽ״̬
һΪ˸еżÿһնһݹʣڲ֪˶ãʲôʧ֮һȻЦݡ


һ նĽ
ֻһҡҡͷȻʱУջر׼õһʽ׵ĽУ֮һȫͬĽն˳ȥ
һûһ򷨵Ҳûע뽣ƪ£ɷ֮ûйעֻǼ򵥵һ˵Ƕһϡ
˭룬Դ˽Ľħƺһ㣬ûһ㰧һˡԭѸ͵ٶһ£ʩչ˶Ѳá
ֻһȥ⽣ħ˿ֵã˴ͬһ㣬һƬҽһûоͱ鿪ڹɢͷħ޸ƺŻˣһžҪӿ
һοϴӦƽƽĽг֣סһͷħһν£ǰٱĽħ׷ױɢǰ
նɱнħһվԭƬ̣һ˿һָӴޱȵӰǰȻǵڵ֮·мˣһƮƮɵˣһ⣬ǰ֪֪Ǵŵˡ
˳֣ȴǲ˵Ľ⣬һ֣Ҳһ統һͿʼƺǲڡ
һ粻ǵȻ˵ΰѰɼڣҲûо֮⡣
һſڱһ⣬޽ǵһ⡣
΢΢һЦһһץ⣬ٽһʽɨһѽֱɱ˶ȥҲоΣգȻͣ׼Ըһ
һΣǿ˾Ȼת෬ֶζûֵܵסһֱǷ׷׼ǿ޴ޱȣ·ڲµŻԼûԵޱȣƺϵΪҶĽɫd֣ſֵס
˺ɢ֮ʶһһвȻ˶Է׷׾ŸԷһɱ˹
һ˷Цֳֳãһнħӣħ⣡
⡯ֳڵʱѾǰŸϷͬʱһҲһֽһ
һ˲䣬⼸ͬʱӹֻǿ׺ޱȵķȻֱһƬ뽣֮С
ͬʱҲһ𷽲ŵ׶һ̧һҾһ˫ֺʮȻһ㣬Ƭȴǳһ˹
һ״̹ȻܣƬոɾ˲䣬һ޵ĶֻԼԭʲôʧֻˬ
ԭʱҪӵڵ֮·˵𡣵һ֮·ϵشڣˣͨ޽ڡĥĵһĴĥļʵԲ󣬴ﵽħֵĵز
ʱţΪʵҲԼ罣ħ֮ԭѹĴڽʧȥãΪĳΪǰ谭
һνħؾǾþħؾǽͷħϻʵ˻ȥƣУնħ߳ɾħ
ʱ򣬱ƽ⽣ħ֮նħḶ́ѳȴԼͷ֢ᣬԸɴһݣ˻һƳ
ȻħؾĽЩڸʵֳԼ֮飬ֲϵȱݣˬ
оһŵĻָûͷ϶ȻһЦ̧žͿһתۼ䣬ǽ֮磬ħˣϵ˿ڶʧһһͨǰ
ͷ˿һƬ֪ħؾڣ̾Ľ׽᲻׽⣬û뵽ĽᣬȻħֶβŽ⿪Ԥϡ
̾̾˵ħؾ֮Ȼķ˺ܳʱ䣬ʵֻ֮һȥҲ˷ʱ䣬ջ˼ҪȥҪȥʱ򣬺Ȼħؾһ˿
֮ǰʮؾһûпһˣû뵽ﾹȻ˱һ߳ħؾ
ǰһˣǺˣǰһãǺôǽҼм䣬˵鷳ˡ
˸䣬ʩչ̤ѩ޺ۡħű䣬ڸסϢͬʱħؾ֮߳Ӱ
Ԥ벻ͬ⼸˲Ƚ˼ħŻˣҲں׷ݵ˫ȴʶħᰳǵĳХ磬ԱǽƶǵԶţͬҲǵڰ֮УХµ


һ 
һˣХԶ֮⣬һǲħļĸ֣ҿǰǵĲħļӢǿӣȸһλߣȻһһ
߸ħͷħؾ֮߳ɫҲʮֺÿƺʲôһ
һµĿ຺һ㲻˵ħؾֻ֮أʲôΣգΪη仯Ҫ
ԶԣҲÿͷ˿ħؾҲЩɵҡͷձش¼ϼأħؾȻȴҲʲôѵڣõĺã˵ûܸħڽηȱ仯ǺԵɣǾͲĳ֪ˡȻħؾȻħ֣˵þڳλ֮У˭ħ̫ǿԻӰħؾѶȰɣ
Զſνı㣬򵥵仰ԼƲɶչˡȻ⻰ݣһħͷֻЩħͷϳϣǸᣬʸڷϲᡣ
һԵһⷬʱһȺ˾Ȼǲħؾ֮С𲻺ãԼħؾ˳ԽѰħҲУ˳֮ꡣ
ԴˣͷЦѣΪߣȴûпǹеΣĻ˵еʱ򣬲֪֪ĺãǾʧڷаɣ
ͨһۣһ֪Լ֮⣬֪˸ϢаЩݣĿģԼڴ˴Եɡ
ԭһȺˣХ֮⣬˶Զһ㣬ħϵĸ֮֡ˣҽһȴԶ롣ԭΪؾ֮бı
ȴҪħŵԴ˵ħŵĿʦȻʵȴʮǰ޲Tħһͽ
޲TħؾʱͽҲμ죬飬磺ħؾأ౦һΪ֪ܵʮ
뿪޲TǱڼƶϿħһɡǰҲͰˣȴһؾصش¼
Ϊ޲Tħһֱʢħ˼Ҳҿӣʮǰ޲TħʧǱ˼
ֻؾ޲TħһܣħʧؾϢҲ˿֪ħŴ̽꣬ŴλħѪԭϸȴ޷֪
мʱܱķħ֮ս۽ΣֻҪսҪٵõؾ¸ѡһħԶű˴˻ᣬϢɢ޲Tħǵ˰Ѱҡ
Ԥϣ޲Tħǵ֮£ؾҵͬһȺװȻǱǵУȻħؾΣ飬׼ܵݾһõкô
ֻû뵽ǣһƵĻһħؾ֮вطһ͵һиɡ
һڵõһϢԭ˻ȴոı⣬˼һ£ȥɵɵĴأһȺһܵϾǰߣпǵĸ֣ҪԸģħͷˡ
һħͷʱ򣬱һ֮ڷҵߣתͷԶŵˣˣЩƨ˾͹ˣӲܵóǽȵˣǰһô
ԶԣȻһЦҲżĳӣǸش¼أؾͨҪ˴һĹؿű̬ܹءǵȻĹؿҪһ룬»ҪЩʱǡԣֻܵ
⻰ŭ˼䣬Ҳٲ˵֪˵棬Ҳ˵طһɶڽȴʱĵ
ʱţԼĪһʱʱؾ·ûϢһըͷڳħŸͬʱһ׷䱸ԼԼһŴԭħؾų֮£ȻҲһ֡
ãͺ˷ˣ
ģЩôͲٵֵƬ̣ǽܵ˵
û취ű˶ڣܹŵҲˣǰ洳صˣôûеһ밡
۷׷׵ʱԭںıࡢȡơ̡ࡢϡڡ׾ɫ⻪Զϲɫһ֣æתͷХ硣


һ ޲TħżȨ
ȻǾżȨޣХ̾һתͷХᰳҪˣХԣ˵ͷ׼õĶóȻΪħᰳǳơ
ħԪ뵽Уԭϴ˴һȨıǷ˳ವһӡڱϡǸӦǵĴڣľɫâ³֣òı任涨ɫ⻪
һĻԶüͷ΢壬ʵᰳħᰳǵǳ֮Уһ𣿡
Х¶һ˿ɻҡͷҽħᰳǵʱģ֪Ʒѵлʲô˵ɣ
⻰ԶЩΣһ;Ȼǣ浽ʮǰ޲Tħǵıй˵𡣶һ޲TħҲǽؾλ
޲Tħħһ㣬һӵħĴԼСɵħǡȻħħǹʵΪ˼ħȻҲһѹħǵʿԸɶǸΪ
꣬һ޲Tħνǰѵһţ޳ħɣΪ޲Tħƾһ֮ѹ޲Tħǣǿͳһɸݵľ档
ͳһ֮޲TħǱٲȻһĴڡħ֮СǳأʿΪ񣬷ˡ֮ūһĴڣħΪħ֮еľԵĴڡ
ͳһ֮⣬һħǿϵ׼ϣСࡢȡơ̡ࡢϡڡסżȨޣ˵Ҫְħֵʩ
ˣ̶ǧʱ䣬޲TħΪͨȻﵽһֿǰķ٣һٳԽħǣΪĴڡҲԴ֮󣬺ħȻÿһԾһʱϮ˷޲TħǶǿʢֱʮǰ
˵ؾΪħ죬ҲϮżȨ޵ı׼ͨҪնҪ˵߽ݾȴҪӵ൱Ȩޡ
ԶХҲⷽ濼ǡ˵޲Tħû䣬ħ٣ħ棬ƾ֤ȴֻҪʹóƣﵽȨ޾ͿԴܵ
һͣХʲôʵ˵˼ħᰳԭƷ̫ͣƵȨ޲Դܵ
Զüͷ˵ܴȴҲһֻȨЩ׽⣬򿪣Ҫᰳȫ߶Ҳźóԡ
⻰Х˼һ£ͷȻˣĳΪǡ
˵䣬ХȻʹħԪע֮УԭƺҲܵӰ죬Ȼһ˿ɫ
ԶųһȣæĴһַӡֱЩӡû棬ǿĵ˵ͷХͣ
űһħѪƸʧ仯Զڿڸħͷһ϶Ĵ𸴡õ𸴣ڳɫХʱȴ¶һ˿м
һɫһħ޸¸һЦû뵽ССһöȻôô֪Ҳ쵽޲TˣҲܶһݺôˡ
仰ûнǹ˵Х֪˵껹ƵЦһЦ˼Ƶڳħ޶û֨ڵĿߣƺȴʲôϷӡ
ХǺεܹһǵĸŪƣôûгǸǵŭĵ˵ͷФ˵ǣõĳһҲòôˡ
ⲻ²ĻشФоԼһȭ޻ϣ˿ҪƣȴҲûͷ˵ֻһȥһʱ䣬һƬεļž
ԼĪʱ䣬ǱϵħѪƽһ죬ġžһԭ޷϶ıϣȻ¶һŻš֨һŻ󿪣ǺڶһƬ
ħͷ״϶Գϲɫ໥֮佻һ񣬱һ㣬ȺСΪϺԶţɹĿ˿ңŻͬʱһѽŻϡ
ǡ֨һŻϣϵҲɢջָԭʱеһ˳
ƣ׼ħŻķ϶һȥ˭֪һħͷһʡ͵ĵƣԶţƺĴڣΪ˱ݾߣûг֡
ָԭ״ı棬ż˼Ƭ̣ͳһǵħű֮еõš
˷ãǾ͹ֲǿˣ
һԵ˵ͷħԪע֮УССҲһ⻪ϴݵӡҲƮӡڱϡϧǣεĹ⻪ȻһƬɫȨ޵ȼȻХĳҪһ


һ ޲T
Ǵ߼Ȩ޵ɫ뵽Х綼Ҫ߶лﵽȨҪٿеţһǹһ˿ЦȻô׵ġ
ҡҡͷ׼ջţ˭֪˲䣬ϵɫ⻪ȻԽԽŨ˺Ȼɫ
ûӦȱ仯ʱǱϵɫٴα仯Ȼרɫ˺һʰתĴΣȻֱӻѪɫĳһƬ
Ϊֱ仯еɻʱһ˿ƵȻоʮϤͷһתǵħű棬Ī͵ؿʱĸоô
ֻʱħոħʶӡоʲôȴĸоЩѰһӴħԪȻУ·ԭһġ
ѵ˵һжΪ޲Tħһħħ䡯ɣ
˲䣬һֻ뵽ܣתһ룬ȴԽԽþ㣬뵽һζĻʲô鷳֮ģʱԼơ
޲TħΪħʧ٣ʧȥħУʮ֮ڶûħ֣ҵõˡħ䡯ҲЩ˵Ҿһħô
뵽ǻ˯˶ҪЦѣһȴһ˿ЦһͲ޲Tħǵˣħ֮λ⣬֪޲TħǾ֮ңԼܹġ
Լħе鴫ȥЩԭæŸŻƴħޣһҪɱᴫУЩʿȻܷŹ
һ뵽޲TħϻкüɽħޣԼһȺķʿ;ͷ
ˣһҪô뿪ֻҪ뿪޲TħǣһⶼΪ⡣
ͨ˽ڣٿ˿󽥽ٲ飬æ͵ѧֶʩչ
ҲӵһȨ޵ԭ򣬿Żʱ侹ȻǰԶٶȸ첻١ŻԥһУٴιϡ
ŻرղʮһŴԭħؾе俪һӣһȺͷķ޷׷ӿǰͨһ̳ȥһȺ֮ԭصħ޺壬һ־͸ų׷ȥ
ȴ˵һŻ֮Уһתһ֮УߴһΰȻûһδϢҲеһ˿ѹȡ
ǵһħλðɣû뵽˹ȥʮҲϴˢƣ֪ʱһɾ󡣡
һ̾ʱֻһը촫תȥֻĴŻ򿪣һӰ룬ǱˣǱһͨԶŵˡ
ԭԶһͨܵһνݾΪȨ̫ͣԲûһԾ͵㡣ΪԶ֪ڲṹۼ˵ʱ򣬴ҲǼǶƽؿаʮֶݵʱͨĹؿ˼䡣
ǶΪԼǵһ˼䣬õˣ˭֪һ㣬Ȼˡ
һıӰԶɫ΢䣬ô㣡
һԣתͷһЦþòˣᰳ֪տɺá
˵䣬һűطɢȥָԭģХ״ɫ΢΢һһô㣬㲻ͱҦׯɱô
һһЦҦׯûнĳĻûҲͰˣҵ˵Ҳһ꣬ȴҲһʣǶԹ͵һʹˡ
Хɫ΢䣬Цһһʹǵĳ·ô㡣
ҵ·һһЦͷôҲ֪˵ҵ·Ҿֻһ֣Ǿɱ
ɱֳڣһ˲䱬ʬɽѪ̺֮߳ɱ⣬һʱ䣬öħŸɫͬʱһ䣬Ҫ׼֡
ԶŷӦ죬æסתͷһһЦû뵽ѾȻصĳûܷν벻żȻ˴͸һȡΣ
һû뵽ԷȻȻ֪뻢ıƤ뵽ԼҪҲֻǴ󣬶źħں棬δ֦Ӧ
ãȻ˵ĳҲһ飬һȡҲδɡ
һӦԶŹһЦȡһħ֮ģһһͬĴһͬȡ
֮һа˾ǹ֮ԱģĴǰһǫá֮󣬻Զһһ뵽ħ֮ҲֱȥǴšҪŵʱͷ׶


һ ħŹթϣ
˵ǩħ֮ħŵĹթһѾᣬټ϶Ѫȷ֮߳ȴûһԼ֮ϡһе紵ݶԥĿз
ֻһ𣬺۷£׹Σͷͬʱڣ֣̣㻤ֶͬʱͷų
ֻԡһ߹ͬʱķֶϡ½ƳɵĻķȻֵֻһ˲ͱƣõǣϱĲ˵Ƿ࣬Ժܿеķֶɣס˺
԰ģ׼Ųæתʱһಡ촫˲оԭľ֮оȻ̲صϰٵľ־͸֮ǿķֱӳѨλ˹
һһֵ֪һɱһֶʩչú޺ۼרƷ˷
Ҳ壬һһһɵ͵һתһ󡮶ͣ£޽޽ǰĵϣѾһصĽɫ룬Ǳ޽նϵġ
һ͵Ϯɣȴ꣬ûһתӶı߹ǿޱȵľһ޽϶˲ɱ
ЩǰԵգǷţ֮ǿﵽħĺԲļ
ǵһһη壬߹ɾǰ֮ǰȻΪһﵽܹħڸֵĳ̶ȣħŸּ˶ǿԣͷľк
һһٲԴһŲһ͵Ťתһֳֽһ˲Ϣ֮䣬ԪħԪԪǽɷ֮ҪǮĹ޽С
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һáħ硯͡Ϲŷ˵𵱳ĪһͬǰȥҶŽġ֡飬ǡ֡ҲųϹŷܹռǷҲ֪Ī׽赽ûС
ԶǸϺ꣬һ΢ĵģΪȥ롮ħ硯飬ͷЦһæɫˡ
˼״ʱף𣬾ȻٴιĴһɹɸǿħԪ籡ǿһľںħŷٴγһɱ˹
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һ˲عһЦҪҲǸ
˵䣬Цһһ޽Ϻ΢ʽ׷¶˲ںΪһ޽ϣһֵһ򷨡
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ʲôúˣʲô²ԸһȴڶΣͷһֻ̡ΨһˬǶԷһģЩ֡
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һҽдǧɭܵʲôһ㣬ſһһۣе鱦鱦


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á鱦֣ԭҪͻ߲ϼħɫ͵һ䣬һ˫۵ֱ˿һƺʲôܵ顣
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ʶ鱦Ǽʶ㲻׵˾ĻȪҲİɣ
һ˫΢΢һУһ̧һĨ޽Ľ棬һĽͬʱһֳԽħ𣬴ؽϢ޽ɢ

оϢǧħͷԾĽ˳һ޽г˿־壬ǿ־塣
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˵飬ԭ˵һ̻һ㣬ͷһεκ黬߶µģתڵɫһ
ƺںڷλᾹȻûй鸽һΣһеɫ֪ԼһξĹ鸽һҲܽԼ
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˲䣬һоӿռʲô˷Ӧһ֣óǵõѡ
öѸһȻһɴ͵һģǾӨͶȥֱ굽档


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ףСӣȻЩֶΣΪܹԸ̫ˡ
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һץ˹ǹһ˿ϲɫԭѸޱȵٶȾȻ͵һͣըȻֵסһץ
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⡮ֽ䡯ʫƪǵһóԵУħؾֻðˣ㲻
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Թһֽ䡯ʹһʱ֮䣬ƣѾﵽ˷񼶱𡣶һּ죬ֱָǽ⻤ġ

֮һһոմ̵ջģת߶һһɵľĽϣ˳ԾǣһȻûٴ漣ģֱջ
ڽջΪһǭ¿ħͷҲΪڱסʱӣǹһ˿Ц
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ȱ仯ջΪһڴ͵׼һƣһɱʱȴֵԼһȴôҲȥΪоһȥˣһ˵Լٶϱ۵Σա
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Լֱ׷ɣջѾ֪ûгԵʹ裬һʱ֮䣬֪ʹǱһּĸо
һһεĽõľ⣬СԼʩչľɱһοϸһʹļ϶һЦƲ䣬Ķʣ´һĴȥ


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⻰ɮ˳Уʩչһֱͨǡն䡯䡯Сͨںһ䡯ĴͨջͬĶϱһ
һԷͨҲ֪һЩһ⡮䡯֪Ƿ֮ͨо˵ĴֶΡһǽջǲˣҪָҲҪʮָ꣬ӰΪǾ͸ǲ֪֮ˡ
һΪһȺҪԼ̸һ̸Եֱ֣ӿʱһȴķźȻըһ룬Ϊ׵ħ۵ħۣԼѪŮΪ׵ۡ
ħźһȴ࣬˴һŰֶţҲɵóһٿտյĿⷿǴ󣬶ʱĶܣҪȽ
һϺȻҪֹȴΪ׵ɮҲûж
ֻһԵһħžҪƴϴӦһһݣ֮ϣһתͼһɭȻڤڤ֮ӿֳ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͽȻǽȿռ˳


һ߶ սħ
ħԳԾ֮ɫĬûжȴҲֹµж˼ȻҪһֶΡ
ЩħŸּһֻĺΪȻԾ⽣ҲԼ˶ڣԷԼôеаˣʩչֶξҪƽռ촫
һΪԼʲôټϴʱ෽ǿڳǲ©˰ӣСЩ˾Խ׳أҲֻ֡һ󶯣Щոտʼħܵ
ľڿеĽ⣬һʱ仯Ⱥһ㣬ɿ趯ת֮Щħ޸赲£Ҳܳ
һҽдʮħʿǶϱۣǶ֣ƮһѪ졣ͬеĸּÿ콫˻ǾҪΪꡣ
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һԣ֪ԼŵֶãҲηħһЦ²֮벻ħ۴֮ڽˣȴĿģȻЩҲ˴˴ض༸ˣħ۴Ҳɡ
һħŽءİϷħ۰ûв˼˿һȻԭˣȻҲǵˣҲѣֻǽħҪҪ죬ѻرܣǻ˴£ɣ˵ˣǾͲˡ
Ȼв֮⣬ȴҲòһ֪Ļ֮ơϾԼ¶һ൱˵ãħŲڶսŵʱԼһ̫
ֻΪ⴫οϾʹȥ˼һתȻЦȻˣҾͲλֻطǵˣδͻͽŴȥ֪ħ۴Σ
Ҫ贫󣡡ħû뵽һȻ취ȥ˼ɵ΢΢һҪӦ˭֪ʱһ
ҪͿ㣬贫󣬼ֱǳ롣˵֮һ׹ǳǵħۣ׹ħۡ
׹ħ۾ǱƢҲǼȷ棬ǰŶȡ칦˵Ĵ඼£һһǹԹȥѹסպ󱨳𣬵Ҫ贫ȥͶʱӦ
׹ħۣ⡭ħɫҲЩÿ˵ϣȴû׹ħ۾Ȼһ֡
ħۣȻħǵĸ֣¹ϵ޲Tħħţⲻ֪ݵǴŪһ𻵣ħҲⲻɣ
׹ħȻƢ꣬Ҳϳɾ޲TǵĽ˵һӾͶסħ۵졣
ãȻ׹ħô˵δáħɫȻԳ֮⡣
ºܼ򵥣ͺǵǰУȻҪԸݲǱҪȥܽʤգߣҲҪЩ룬ħŻûָϣӾѾ˲ڽˡ
׹ħ˵꣬ħۣѯʵ֪λ룬ȻҲԸث֣ŵⲻ޲TħŷСӣҲ޻˵
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⻰˵ûͨڳ˶һʱ֮䣬Ǳһյİ׹ħɫǵͨ죬һˣڲȰ˵ˣԼȳһɱ˹
һֻһɱҲὣϣͬʱĵ÷ɱһУɱһħͷǾƽˣֻǿϧһȴٷſɱˡ
׹ħһ˵԰׹ħһһˣǲСһԳֱϳİ׹ħһץޱƾ֣һצһһץ
ħŶħצһֶεϲãһϰߣŰ׹ħצȻ壬ȴҲֲ֣һЦһɢӰÿӰָǰ׹֮ӵ㡣
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һ ӷ
Щֵľ̾ͬ׹ħ۵һоܣͷֻȵŭĿһһۣȻϾʹ˰ݡ
һػû֣һѾһ̧֣һĨ޽ֽ份ͬʱһһ򷨵Ľɱ¾ʩչ˵ʲôͬģǾûн޽鱦Ϣֻ֣ǽ֮ͨʹá
׹ħͬǳ۳нǧħϲһİһһоȻ̺ˡ˽֮һ򷨡ɷ֮ɱ¾ѵһĽֶΡ
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ɱС˳汾Ȼ˭֪СӾȻصôܽնɱԼҲҪۣʱ򣬱˵ᴫ󣬱ܲȫ˶˵ˡ
뵽׹ħһ˿⣬Ż˵һһͣǲӿ²磬պħ֮ж̧ͷ
һˣҪӲƴһǣʱһе׹ħ۴ˣͻ˸£¡ֻͬħţڲ࣬ȴɱЦֻҪħ۴ͬȥĳսΣ
׹ħ۱Ļ⣬ûһз֮⣬Ҳ⣬ڼϴҴֲ֪ҲʲôӣæȻϴǱҲǺ֮ˣõϴ˴·ɸݡ
һͶ׹ħ۵Ļشй෬²⣬ҪҲǳأοʲôϧݵĴĿĴҲ㲻ʲôΪѵԳҲʹӦ
ȴ˵ڳ˶ȴһǶҪһͻĺ׹ħϹ֮䵽˭
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˾㵵ĿУüͷһ壬ս׹ħһֵ׹ħ۴ֶθ߳¼ʶ֮Ϊͻ˹ȣڲѷںһ㱡񣬻ħһķϺ
⻰˻ȻһȻʵǿȴ֪׹ħԲһԷ˵ڶ뷨ֱ䡣
˰ϧʱһѾͳ񡣱Ϸɳ䵽׹ħСſһȻƿ
׹ħʶ̽ûΣգԹԵĲӡƿϷӡֻ˿˿ƵҩɢҲһ
Ʒ鵤
һħһ׷ԭħϾͱȲɵҲͰˣΪͻ鵤ħб𷨱ܻӭ
һһ֣ǼƿƷ鵤ΪͻƵĺõҩȻħ޷ֲȼߣֵһƣһϿܻкõҩʱ۹ⶼ¶
һӷֶۡΣ׹ħʶʵܾˣȻΪս֮Ӻͺôʱ뷨ת˼֡
ħԼһ㷽Ų񣬱͸ýնɱȻ㿪ϴħһѵõ˲ţȼ˲ŵʱ򣬱Ҳͱˣˣʹ˴¾ͽҹ
գ׹ħ۰ͦصĻصħ֮Уħ۵˵ͷ˼ȻǽָȨȥųͻͷ·ɢûзһ
ħûָȨͷһЦŵ־ȻƭЩͽʿȴƭЩ֡Ҳһ׹ħ۵Ľ֮ʶʵ뵽ǰҪǶȡ󣬱ȷŹһǡ
Ȼһһٴοʹôħħû˷ԣֻȴһǾһһ𽫷£Ȼźʹô
һȻϴӦһּۻ֮óƿҩʹ÷ѣŵõħŵŵԸʹãǷħһȴæ
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Եʱ򣬺һȴħдλħ۴ǧѣ鱦һǵħ޲T׽ֻҪɱͶȻܵõħа


һ 
ؼʱ̣ͻأĴħд⻰ڳ˶һǼ٣鱦ҲͰˣ޺׽ϴħ彣һǿ鱦˵޲TħĴС
޲Tħʮʱ䣬Ȼûһħ֣ʮûгһʹ֮Ҳ޹ԳɾħΪɾˣô˼Ϊ޲TħҪõУܵõ޲Tħ˼ӳ֡
Ȼõ޲TħĴȻʮʮ޳ħ޳ħΪһĻᡣ˵Ц񷣬ⱾߵΪħĻǰԽΪǿԽ׷
һʱ֮䣬˿һѾб˿ȣǼħۣǴл֮ģҼɵһʵµҪ˹˶˵
⶯²ͷͬһ仰ͷǿһ¡ܿһ˿ŭȼΪҲϤ֮ǰһֱɱûüɱХ硣
ƴһشջΪ˵Լ⼸ħŵӣȴ£ϾȨף㱩¶Լܣʱ̲ô˵ܱԼնɱ
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ͷһתͷת뷨뵽ʲôתͷźУΪϺǹһ˿ڵЦݣʱһС
ڷΪʲôһֱҲ֣˳˳׼ԭȴľʱ򣬶ǵıɱֶξХ磬ħʿݣ޺׽ͷ֮ڣħԼƴȡ֮
뵽ԼԼƱˣԼȴбơ죬෬ƣȴվ˵˱˵Ӻǹ
һȴ׶֡˼һתʶųͬʱųĻСһ̽ķŴͨ
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ͷһ㲻ˣ˫΢Уǹһ˿Цһ̤ιһ㳯˷˳ȥ
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ףʲôѵǷŵӣħʿôӣ
ϵãħᰳǵĳһжֻǲμӣôһ֮Ҳǰ

ħ۷׷ףȷХеݣʱȺ鼤ܣһɱͽСĴʱľȻעһƿ١


һ 
ԱˣȻԵʹޣԭͬ飬ȴѵͽʹһһ㣬ʱת˶ԼĹע
ȻҲ֪ˣԽ⣬ʱҪʱ䣬һһ˳ߵϣ
ȻƬ֮ħҲĿХһۣһ
ħۿڵѣ֪ǷżϸзŴ˵޲Tħ鱦飬һ¡
һԣ֪һ֪ǸղԼХ¶֣ҽȡס˵ѪһһȺ񷨵ħ۸־ҪԼֱӽԼ˵
ŲæĽХ׵ϣһֵħ۴ˣ֪֮ǷżϸΪ켣ħᰳһʱ䡣ʱִ֮ʱȻ·ɱŵһʵȣͱץܡҶ෬飬֪ݡǴԣǴҽݱ¶ż⴫ԣҪ˫źôһ򾡰ˡ鱦УҲһǻԵɺ֮µõħ彣ȴδοҲ޷ãôùλħ۹⡣λħһ룬ħʮǰʱʧ٣ҪбҲӦ硣޲Tϣôʮ껹˷֡Ȼλħ۴˻ţĳҲ޻˵ԾڴˣǵѣսǺͣλжϡ
˵һһְһգȫս׼ħɵ۹һԷġ
һһ΢˷ſʶֶΣа٣ĿνǺ֮磬˲֪һʹóΪƬ˵ɱһĴڡ
Ȼһ뵽һʹ鱦֮ʵڼϷڳħħ۱ɱŹȴվðǰ濪Ц
ðɣȻѽ͵Ҳûʲô˵ģȻˣѽ˽ҵȴãǰԼͬЧ
⻰һͷϲȴֻ΢΢һЦ˵ͷХͳȥ
ϣĿ˷һۡһڵģͷоʲôá
ʱβҲҪӲͷƤϣһ˼ʣ¾ȫ˵Уʼ
Ϊ󷨴ʦһʱϤһڴųɾŵѾо͸Ψһ޷ǾǶλ
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׼ʼѰһطʱһ˿ΣյĸоӿͷæͷϢʱһСһ鷳ĲǷţҲħţһֱԱߣϹ۵塣
ˣΪѰбħ֮ġ˴ǼܵѲ飬ǳһһ
֮£ֶͨϵе֪֮һٴȷħ֮ľڴ˼䣬Լ֮ħ֮ĸüһ
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ܿѪһ˾˹ֱֱĶҲӣھ͵ħ֮ġһɲܡ
һ״֪Էһִ֣Լǰ׼˵ǶԸִֵ˸ûáֱӷ˽ƱͽͣҡҡͷҲ֪ʲôħ֮ģûⶫλѵҪ޷
Ѫ޲Tħݺ꣬ʲô˶һ񣬷ûаѵ˼һʱ֮Ҳɵɻѵ֪ˣ֪ĲܳѵҴˣħ֮ġ
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һˣһæ˼æͷΪ֪Ѫĸ֣ûġ
׼Լ뷨ʱƭѪ䣬ȡʱʱһŭӷŷɮΧĹһӰ˳


һ ˮ
ӰһͫײɵһͷһһװµĿȥһд߶ʶ׼˶治磬ҲҪȫ
ͼӰȫ߳룬ǽջ˭ˡʱɫ԰ףɫήңȴŭ𣬼籡·Ҫվһеӡ
ݺݵĿһһۣȴסŭתͷ˫ֺʮϵһлλɾ֮
ΪϺԵ˵ͷ߲ؾһҵԮܣˣͷΪбɵʥҩ࣬ضã߲¡
ԣҲתĿһһۣڿ˿䱸ħŸ֣һħˣȻСӼԾ͸ƭˣ޲T׽Ǳһ˫۰ҲǶڴ˽֮£ѵΪмٲɡ
˵䣬ǲ͵һ𣬱Ǹոջָ˫͵䣬ֻĽ棬ͷԺõ˱ϳǾԵնϣҽָǾַ֮̾ϬȻڼħ۸УȴǸĶ
ѣ뽫ټҵһۣħһ˿̰
óԴҶкôһֱûпڵħҲæͷ
ԣղýҰ׹צҾ;е֣óݹֱ֡׹ħҲŵĳŵһӣ׼ʱ֡
ħħͬʱƣһͷҲһȴ˿ûлң˼һתЦλħ۴ˣѵĳ˵ĻˣȻŷͺĻѵҪƵĳ֣÷ż˱ˣӰħŴҵλħ۴˲Ÿô
һھ÷ħŵı˵£ֽ޲TħŸ˴ҵڳʱһȺħһ¡
һǵ͹ħ˵̰ħһ˵ЩǶ֪ܹԼ֤˽ħ彣ǻǰԼǲȻҲֲǶ֡ϾȨȻҪħвǸֻҪ޲TħħЩͺθҼ¡
ħҲı㣬ͽһƷλħۼѹ
һͷƷɿ죬ʱһħۿնɱħ۶սʤ֮ħ۶Ծ㹻ʱ䣬һȫԸħۣ᧿Σˡ
ħԽԽͷ¾ϡϡһʱǺһնһȻûȫҲǼǿͻȻּֿħ۲òʱ˱ܡ
ÿ϶һһݾΧȦͷҲؾͳħ֮зȥ˲ͳСȴɱˣֻҴܲѡ
ЩħȻ֣ȴץסһΣҳַ˵Լͬ顣ħۼ״β֪һ뷨ֻͶҲֻ֣ܴɢ
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ͺ¿ң׹ħۼ÷űһ˵ĵﾹȻٴ⼸Ϻ£ɫʱתͨ졣
Ϻ˿ûеӵ˼ȻһЦģ·˵ʱǻðɣŭһͳźɱȥ
׹ħɱϺһڣֻǷֳһס׹ħۣ֡æֶֻȻͣ׼ͷȴ̫ã򲻵һȴԱߵħ޸ð
ħ϶ʮѿ뷢ȴվǷˡ޲Tħкڶ֮Ȩ⣬Ǻܿѡ
ħ۵һ֣׳һ´󵶣һҲ·Լħ޾ͳһȥħҲ׷׳֣һʱ䣬ԭڷŹ֮»ֵܵħʿԼħ۵Ĵ֮Ѹٵ
һħ֮䣬ûа˼Ȼ֣ȴҲ˷ᣬһħ޵£˳һмֵĶĺˣħġ
Ƭ̣Ѿ˽ٵħħˣֵͬҲϡ˼һĿʱתһߣӵڡ
ڳǷҪ׷ɱۣɫͬʱһ䣬æ״Լ˻룬ԴģȻһĻˮֶΡ


һ նɱ
һΣͷοҲ֪Լ嶥ڣ֮ԸԼȻЦͷ߲⣬ӲŵѪһͷӪ֮С
ڷŸ˵ħɱҲɱԺԥͳȥŵһƶɮǰаħͶ
Լ˶ʹɱ֣ɱЩ۵ħۣһ˵طﻹŭҲֶȥ
һ£徫Ӣɾ꣬һҽʹ͵ȥҪԮҲֻʮˣֻ
ˣˣҸƴˣ
Ѫ˫۳Ѫﻹ˵ɱһһ־ĸ˳ĵһ䣬ٶ֮죬֮ǿɱһ֮ʱй֮޲
ĸ˳߸ȡħߣϬ⣬ǷҲòջ˼СĶԸɳ֣ſĥɾܿ죬Ѫַųĸ˳
Ѫ죬ֹħջشУѵħӭħȫ岻ɣħɫѿĴ
ˣʣǻûеõħо͸Ҷ֣ǵõﻹĻ·Ҿ͸ƴˣ
ѪȻ壬ȴӵмߵǻۣľ;òħŵõħУټħŲкͶ֣һС
ѪһƴˣҲһʹһʹȥһħһɱ
һ仯УŻڹԼһħǹһ˿ЦһݾڣһתȻݽɱ˹ȥ
Ҫɱң
һһĨ޽ֽ䣬ǧٴγǷŽδһ뷽һͬһһɽ췣ζ𵴳·ҪзʹһС
ɽ鱦Ȼ޺׽ħԸһһħоһƣԾͬʱҲϲѣȻоһ봫ŵ޲T׽в𣬵ʮа˾ȴǺϵġ
Ǵ˽ãһһЦڳ
һ֣˿仯˶֪ûб仯ı仯һƶڽ֮ϣǱУ˺ԲǺܵġ
ħȻҪõ޺׽ȴҪɱԴһҡһӣҪ㿪ȥֻһһζֻԽԽ
֮£ħҧһҧ´»ӭһĽɱ˹ȥ֪޺׽֮£ԼﶨȻҪ𣬵һ뵽һħУ᲻á
ۼһһҪײһһһ˿Ц⣬ǵȴʧ
ô£
Ժͬʱ뷨һ̣һŭֻһ֪ʲôʱѾƵ˷ŷ򣬶ҽֱָһŸɮԼĽջ
һһṳ̋ѩ޺õµֶΣټڲʩչβطźƭڳˡ
ֱһǷŸɮѡһӲ˽סĽջһµҪʧȥս䵽ɱĵزڶԼýջ
ʯ֮䣬Ÿɮԥľѡ˵ڶ·ƹ⣬ŵسɴ磬ƴٶȳ˿ȥ
һ˲䣬˵Ľջһһ֮䣬ûа谭ûھ֣ŭ֮׼һѾһӹͷ­׷ɶûأͱһһ£佫ʬˡ
ת˲֮նɱһŸ֣һͷȴϲޱΪ֪һСѿǡİϷʹ֮һȺֽô¶޽ǿĴ
Ȼ룬ڸּ޺׽ɲͣ⣬׹ħ۶ͣһʱ֮䣬һԵĵ˷ǵûм٣
ħУһħ۷űһˣŪȻԼû˻һŸ֣Ҳð֣Ƕһļɵɱȥ
ҪУҲҪУ⴫ֻһݣ׽ҲֻһҸø㣬Ǹһһ߼һߵЦ˵š
⻰ħŸֶɫƣܿǾʶһʱĹƣҲش⣬ͷͳɱ˹
һΪһʹֶΣӲնɱһ֡һʱ֮ıҲɵŭ׼ħ׷ɱһʱҲһ֣߳лҪһڴ˼䡣
һ£ϢԽԽŨȻЦãúãҵҪ


һ߰ ħѪ
һ˲䣬˶·ʲôѵһƶȻǰһͬʱӰü
˶ǾŮӣǱӡڣþòѳС׺ͼ̶˭ˡһأһ˷ɣʹ߾󼸵ƣŽ˸˳
Ůһһ⵽æ־ͶŮһһڻС
һС˵ûʲôһѾʵΪûǶһ˫˿ճյĹһϡ
СײͬѾͷȻһֱһһڣһʱջʱСվûпһϻһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ΢ɲֹʲô
üĿ֮һһЦСף̶̫Σգȥӿռ֮Ʒ˵˵ҴһУ뿪˵֮˵Σ
⻰С׺ͼͬʱһһۣٿ˿ķħ֡ȻϼѣֵʫɵĺôΪһأСԪӤԲ壬̸Ǵӽ𵤽ԪӤΪʵȴòֵġ
ãҺ̶ȥҲգֻ֪ˣҲǲܶģ
С׼򵥵ܶĸ֣ľġһ־ᶨҲɵһ˵ͷ
ڼ̣һĻʣ˵ʲôȴ֪˵ǲ˵ֻСһ䣺籣أ
˶ŮĹһصص˵ͷֽӿռ䣬תͷħ֣һЦЦУٴΰθߣǽ⿪зӡһء
۷ħжһ˿ɵһҪõħУһҪһնɱô󻼣ԵжԵ˫Ȼ֮д˺ٴζһ֡
ھһĽ˲ԼͬѡĶԶ빥ħħͨÿһ˺֣˷ǿߵĹͬһ㳯һȥ
һ״Ҳһ侪壬һʼЩ֮䣬ʵڵֵӲ
ˣ㣬ͬʱ֣ҲԳǱ֮ɫ
һһʮɷԲĴӡһСħӡĴͨʩչ˷ϺУǺ֮֮ͨǿǵһ˵ı߱
һ߲Ҳеֿסһɹ˲ͽϵķ³˺ãǿĿޣ˺õĻҪԼ
ӳʮһŽһħӡӶǼħ۵ĺϼƣٴ뱼֮С
һ֪˶ٴξɱʱһԳһ˿ϲɫΪģֻΪȻ
һڷħʱ󾪣뵽һȻáʱһߣҪץǾͲǰˡ
Ҫͣڴ֮ǰħһһٲϧԼķͬɵһ㳯һ˹ȥ
ӷʩԵ°ɣһȺϺٴοڣȻҲЩˡ
һҲ֪ûһ˲Ŀ϶Լܽ봫󣬿ҲǱĽڴ£Ҳ׼
ֻ͵ĹһһЦۡһһʺ絽޽ϡ޽ھѪ֮ԭֻܷӳֶɽ֮˲䣬͵ӵɡ
һеķ񣬲۷ħһֻǼΪѪ޽Ҳһһܹ֮Ըˡɷ˴гһɱ
һȻ֪ǵ뷨ֶҲ˱ˣָգһЦǲҪħôҽǼʶʶħħѪ󷨣Ѫԯ
áħѪ󷨡۷ħ͵һΪģֻΪһ޲TħľУһʩչܵС
һħԴ˷޲T׽ԹͨϹŹѺھħ֡Ҳԭ򣬲˷Ų죬˫˼ޣħڵʱ򣬷ǰ
һΣû뵽һھҪʩչ󷨡ܿǾͷˣΪǿһҲ޳ɴ˷֮ԺŻǰˡ
ΪȻʱһһֳֽͬ׼һֻɫѪҺһöö״ľˣȻȴһö
Щһ֮һ˻ʹ˳ͬʱһͷǣ̤ͷǻ˳ץЩƷ
ڷħֻһ㣬ΪЩǴ˵֮еľħ


һ߾ 
ЩħһЦ⣬ΪٻЩħһ·ʬ壬ɨսĻơ
ΪʲôܹٻһŴ󷨣Ϊڵ޽Ҳԭ޺׽֮бѾôһƷֻҪṩ㹻Ԫܹʩչһͨ
֮ǰΪʲôûʹãҲܼ򵥣Ϊ֮ǰҪûȫ޲T׽Ҫȫ֮Լӡ
һֱûܹӴ˽ĺġʱָ˴ڴЩصĴڡ
ֻԽԵĹֻͨӼʶΪãǲϻ̫ྫ
ټħѪǳɣһ֮ٻħܹѹħǽпơ
δܴɣܹʹãÿÿķѾѪҪۡҲûҪʹõԭ
ֻһΣǱһȺħӲȵ˾·֮ϡͷת뷨뵽
ԲǰĻˮԼϷŹһֵĻᣬҲҪնɱջǰΪ˻㹻ѪͼƷԶֵΪӣΪľӡħѪ󷨡ĳɹʡ
ȻǧƣڳɹֻЩŰľħͷһ˿һǿݵĸп
ܿͽһ˿пȴΪ֪Ե˵ʴȱǶԼĲ̣һβֶΣڵľԼ
˭Ҳ赲ҵ·˵ǣ£ҲҪƴһһ
˼һ֪ԼʱҲ࣬Ϊ֪ԼȻʩչħԼȴܹƣԼħҪֵǰЩħҲܳ־á
һͳƮȥһ·ȻҲоħ赲ʵҲЩħ޽ϻоħƵϢЩħֻԽ赲һ£ܶԸҲÿˡ
֮ڴһȺȺħǰָ⿪ռ䣬һСͷһʼӿ촫֮ԭָֻͷСĿ׶ڴС
ˣ
һ˼һ׼޺׽Ҫпȥ˲䣬һּΪΣն΢ĸо
һתȥֻƾһƬѩᣬʮѸٵĻһƬѩ磬֮һֻӱѩ֮˳˾չ¶
һƮƮµŮӣϹһ˿ɣֻԼһʮȴϸĿ
һŮӣͷȴоЩϤ˼һתȴû뵽˭ˡ
ʱŮĺɢʼǴ󶳽ԭ֮ͲĴ֮žȻѸٵСȥ
ĺ
һһȴʹͣһػڲĽ׷׻գռ¶һǿ㽫ǳɢĺȥ
Ůƺ΢΢ݣһһ˪󽣳˲Ϣ֮䣬ԭǿҵĺʱʮǽռҲܾգٴζ˪
⺮⽣⣬ѵ
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ͬǽУһһռǸٱŮӵĽռ鶯֡߱޸£ʹֶȴи£һӲƴһбǰ
ۼҪʩչһʱŮһηһ֡
ϸ΢ž죬Ůû˿ˣΨϵ˿һƮ
˲䣬һڿ˶ԷգһʮϤݡˣƷһͬͨ˼ѩӢѩ
ƷƲ֪Ǵʲô˼ûиһѩĴڡʱѩͷʮֳԾ
ֻϸһȴиоѩЩԾȻһģһһ˫֮ȣϢǸоȴһ˵ġ
һһ㲻ԣͷԥһ£ݼŵʱǻˣֱӵͷߣѩвС飬̽һ¡
ʦ㣬ôһǰ̽ʵ
˭֪ѩԣȴ𻰣ǹһ˿һİҸоõЦ


һ һ
һ˼ת뵽һܣǾѩȻ˶ᡣͬʱҲΪηŶԷԼ˺ɴѾ²ԼѩĹϵչ¶ԼȷԴԼͶ
ֱֱĶŶϤףһɫ΢ȵºˣΪռʦ˵ݹĳ
Ȼ⻰ǡѩ΢΢һЦһ񣬿ŮӵĻ˵ƶ۹ʦ̫˴βݽˡŮϼѣƶỹ׼²ˣȻ˺ˡʩħأֽ֮࣬ٲպأҲѻָȻϵͽҲԵ֮ˣһۣ÷𷨰㻯⣬Σ
⻰֪ѩûһǷһֽܿһΪŮᣬȻܹռ䣬ٷӿסѩֲ˿ɼԷΪʵ֮ǿ»ڳ֮ϡ
֮ϱǷڣѵ˵Ƿڸ֣Ǵ˰ɲɣ
뵽һͷһ£ԷǷڸ֣һҪȥ¾ϼˡ
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ʦ̫ԣɹǿƺͰʵ΢Цղײգε龹ȻȵʩҪ
һԣ֪ԷϷŹԼ˼һ˵һ߲źۼĲĺ˪ʼǿ
Ǵ֮»ָڴСʱ򣬶ʦ̫Գһ˿ƹƵı飬΢΢ҡͷҲ˵ʲôͿʼ
ֻ΢΢һЦѩָһ㣬ٲѩֶΣһ˳ͨӡ
ͨһСͨӡֽΪƣ֮ռֶΣз׽޵๦Ч
ֻʱʿûвռ䷨򣬵õͨҲ͵ɿռ䷨ʹãҪ׽СĿֻ׽һЩΪԶʿ
ʦ̫ʩչȴȫһָ֮䣬γʮֿռ䣬мֱӷסռʮֱӶһųﵽǿʱ򣬱ѰҲҪУѡ
һʱʵԪӤ壬ѰЩӡֻǶ谭һʱ䣬õʱˡ
Ǽƾħķħ֣һ֪ʱٲϣ¾Ҳ߲ˡ
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Ů˵ҪʦΪͽӦòΣʱԷģһֻҪѾʤˣȻˣҲһõǲġ
һˣһжƣһʦ㣬ԲˣȻһ޽˴һ㻮Ƶǰһֿռ䣬ֱѩȥ
һУʦ̫Ҳһһû뵽һʵ˵ãܹʱԼƽ룬û뵽һȻѩֱɱ˹
һ֮һǸоûɱ⣬һظһ᲻ͬоһʵʵŨŨɱ⣬ʱ㶼첻˼ٵġ
ѩһͶߣû뵽ԼͶŭһӶңʦ̫æѩ˷һʲôģֱ˶ȥ
˭֪һ̣һ⿴һǰһȻӲתȻһͬ齣ֻܷղͬһΪƭԷҲ˴ۣһѪӿȴǿס
һ̽ʦ̫άѩЦһЦת͵һתһವһͳǸպÿڴһĿռͨȥ
ʦ㣬ڣ
һһ仰˴תΣһЩ谭ԼȥġӡնƣһݣнһԶǸպÿĴڣһ˲䣬ھƾʧ
һĻǸʦ̫һ˿֮⣬΢΢һЦʮֶοֻոͨĴȴͻȻϵ
Сӣ
Ϊɽϵĸ֣ȻʹùҲ׾ųɾһȥ֮ͽٻˣԼҲͲȥ
ͷЩħˣҲ׼֣ȴеʲôüһؾʱһʧ
뿪֮󣬱ƷͬѰ˽٣Щзħ֣ǼɫÿǾԼ±ߣնɱħ


һһ ͵øУϣ
һƬɴ֮䣬һžɵĸ̨룬⻪һһӳ֣ǷŴ޲T֮ϴͳһ
ոճϢһһ֣յʮΣÿһζֱǼʴڣԭܳƬ̵Ĵͨ˲ͷ
һУûһֽСĿ룬㣬ȷԼѾƻ治ô׷ˡ
ʱһѪûסۡһ¾˳˵泩࣬ɫȴİ֣Ȼˡ
һ״ҲأԿЦû뵽ôΧɱҶ˹ֻһƤëˣһҼ죬ˣǸĪŮҲô׹ˣ
һ䣬֪ڰȫ֮ͷĽҲȫиһͳȥԭһƴ߰񼶸֣ҲһԪķѵ߰˰ˣټһˣҲ֧Ųס
ʱף죬⻪䵽СףƷƺͼŮλŮͷһ棬ݣŮ˼汾ЩΣһһȴǵ˼ȫеϡ
С׺ͺƷΪߣǶ죬һæסһһתԪ̽塣
С׺ܿ̽ƣڵһ޴󰭣ֻľѣֻҪûҩްƵЩҰǣĺ˵ҵȹ㣬²԰
⻰Ʒæͷӻͳƿҩʱһദһϵȵҩû뵽ԼûϣȻһʹˡ
С׼ĿһתȰ˵һոƷƣҪĿΪǿһʵ֮ȴԴŮЩġһһУͷķҲͼ
ãһΪҩ˰ɣС׿
⻰ǡá֣ƷƶʱСʽһ˿ϲصص˵ͷҲڵأСһһһҼһͿʼ˹ҩӿָ
ŮΪһˣ̼һˣȻ֪ûд󰭣ͷҲûĳʹֻΪ̫Ҫæҩ򲻵
żתһ֮ʱԼʲôãͷһת·ָֻ貨еĴʦ㡣㷢һժһ޵ķɽ֣ĿӣȻǵ˻
㣬֮󣬺ƷƺСѾһʮö弶ƷƷ鵤ĺݱѰҲҲֻһʦ౦Ʋڻ
ˣΪһԪԶͬԪӤܹ⣬Ժķʮöҩ֮ŲָɡںƷƺС׼ʱѾתѹ
˶һʱ׷ʲôɵڨڨһЦҲ£ֻԪİˣյʱָܹҲ˷ѵҩϾһ˷źħţõŵĵطӦúܶˡ
⻰СٺͺƷƶͣǹеѯʼ֮󣬱޲TϷѩֵʱ򣬺ƷɫЩÿ
һʱһҲֺƷƣֻί䡣ѩȻƷһ㣬һͬħ޲Tǵʱͷͬζƿһ˵ʲôζ
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һĽᣬС׽ϻͷȻǵ˷ħңǵʵ»ܿ׷Ƿ뿪˵أñǶ½أʱѲ
һԣҡͷһЦǵħҲ٣۷ħһ飬ο޲TϿսڼҪһȻ׽ң»Ҫһʱ䡣ǵʵҪѲ飬һ뿪һ뿪ʱҾû׼ȴǿʼ׷ʱ򣬷ΪæӴܣץס
СƷһۣΪȻȻһ´ƣ˱㿪ʼʱ֮󣬾˵ȴһδǾλָһơ
⣬С׺ͺƷƵһξͷ·һȻﵽȫͳһźܼ򵥣ǾһҲ󹬣˫Լ̵ĴԪ̵ʱָһơ


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С׺ͺƷƶŮĿԼԼѡľһ͸оһͷ
ٿһߺִٵĴ½ǵļ̡һȻ֪Լ㺣뵽ЩԼһ㰮վ²֡
΢΢һЦ֮²żó׼¯Ҫһϵҩʱһгɣҩ
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ȷһ뿪˵صʱ䡣뿪֮ǰһȴһֽţ轫кĵĲַԼߡ
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ʰһУһÿģ·Ϊмػʱ̽װûǵĿ
һ·ϣǵҪĿҵϵߣҴеõͼڽǼбָȻͬʱҲ׼аƱҪĵҩͷһЩõϵķֶεȵȡ
ѰʦʦͬһϹ֮һͨͨĵ·ǿ˽ָһټϽӿռ֮ла֣͸С
ν֣ǵһոĻѻС˵ЩʵԽԽǿѻСսѾûʲôôһҲûһֱߡ
Ҫ˵ѻСһ̥ƿ̫֮͸Ǵͬ಻ͬƽ·һ޵׶Խ޵ɻԪǿΪԪ
һЩ౦õԱν಻ʤȻ٣ԾǰãϡͿҲ弶硣
֮У˾β֮⣬ѪԽǿԽ壬ΡԻѻһ˵𵤾Ϳ壬
ֵСﵽ弶绹޷ΣʹԭһߴСߣȫںë͸ŰɫǴ⣬û仯
һ׼ڵĹҲãٰ֮£ֻܽˮĸУһƪѻ񹦡ûæص¯
˭֪СβУǵƣֻҪһڣػܾ֮Ȼ֮£Խģƽʱ䶼˦ֻ֣ؼʱ̳ǡ
һһ˵׼ֶΣȴɽˮʱȴɷħش١֣ټЯͬΣһ·ЩĽŶɿ
ν֮һһڣϹ֮͸ܣһЩĻۿνۺֻһֱûʱɳڵĻ֮½ĿʼѤı仯ֻȱ仯۵һʱ򣬾ٴѱʱ
ܵЩ仯һֻǵȻ֮ͷһſһߣ׼֮⣬⽫ٲеʱ
˵һ·ΨһЩźľѰһ·ȻûҵͬˣΪ˼ûߡ
˰ʱ佫һСͨ׼ص󣬳һһʱһķȴǵгԼ
ԭһգеһ壬͹ⷽеġ뺣澰֮ȥȴԭúõĴȻ޶˻ߡ
˵ȫûй˿˵޹ϵϾһԴ˲̣ʩȣһöⶾ鵤ֱһׯ
һΪʹ˱£˭֪س;УһˣΨһЩǳΪҩĶ࣬Ի⣬ȴҲΪΣա
Σٿ˼䶨ΣǾôˡһ֮һŮͬһֱڽӿռĸԴ¶Ĵɷ鵤飬Լ鱨˵ߵԴڡ
ǰһ۳ǣⷽСųʥǵڣȻͬκιңȴӵоԵȨڴ˵иݻ֮ʱ֮ڡ
ִ˵񻰣һֻΪڣһˡ˭֪ʱûзκߵϢžȥ˭֪һǰȴоͬһŨŨаϢʥ֮´
ܹ֮ͨĿѨͫ¾ܿԭѩһƬ·ʥĳǳؾȻһƬǵڸǣ̶̶֮ͬлʥǡ


һ ʦ
ʲôаϢħɷϢ䲻жǿ󣬵а֮ȴƽ·нһɻΪеӡȴһһǳθߴҲһ¡̽Դͷ¾ǸйأֻǼȻзӡҲ֣ҽȥǷʲô죬˵ܷһȥҲãȫӡҲգ֮߰ɣ
һ˼ڳǳ֮½⣬ʹ̤ѩ޺ۣͬʿҲۼЩȻԼ߶һ
ʥǱ˿ڷ֮һΪԴͷڴ˵أҹѣԽУԵΪ塣ѵüһ߶ѲߵıʿҲȻǳظࡣ
һʶܿͽǳɨһ飬Ҳ֪ͷаϢ̫Ũ񣬽Ϣѹƣȷʵû
ͷô˵رȻΣҲϾʹȥƾ˸оڳ߶Ϊгɣһͨڻһ壬֮ҲнֶΣʩʩȻգۼ߳ʮ֮⡣
ߵһʥǵĺĵشдõĴǰʱȻɫÿȴûһ߲ȾطǾûмġ
ν³һʶһɨŷ֮
ȴ˵ʥȻаƣϾǴع㣬аҲȫеĵطаĴ֣еĵطȴûС
Ҿһ۲죬аﴥֵڣմȾ߲Խ࣬Ʋⴴһ޴Ĵ֣ȴûа߲Ϳν쳣ˡ
ʱ䵹˲ٴ֮Ĺ£һΪǺ죬һЩ߹Ĵˣû뵽Щ죬һҪһﵽôһ¡
˼һתԼǱѲ飬תһ룬㾶ֱȥ
ոǰб·߱лιۣȥ
һԺȻһЦͷ֪ͽߵǲҽȥһ߿ԶҲòˡ
⻰Ǳһ㶡Ϊߣϴ󲻺ãһǰرΪǵͽӣͷһҪˡ
֣
һ¹ʵӴ߳һס´һһüĿ֮в֮ͬɫŹ˹֡
ˣ˵нߵ֪Ǽ٣
һѡ֣ǾⴴжȻйŹ֣֮ǰʶ̽鶼û֣ԼѰöԷóһģǰ
üĿ֮һ˿ڴ˼һµһһЦλǲˡ
ɫ΢䣬뵽Ůٴη¼ӣҡͷĳﲻֻ֣ĳŮߣƣͽֻ̡ҪȵŮĳԸҵҲϧ
⻰һ֪Լˣ˵ͷȻˣ̽ҩһ
ﲻӣæ̽˹²ֶֻ˳
һ״ȻһЦһſڣһ˳һȦųƮȥ
ҩץס
ӸղŻŰ⻰æӦ˫һϽץס⻹߬ס·ˡ
ûؼȥŮһţ֪飡һٺһЦ
˫߬Űݣڲ˵æõķΧɱؼȥ
Щɫʮֲÿһ·ǳһ㡣ȻһǾô˲򵥣ûг֡
һԴ˲òǴӱ֪֮Ҳ˴õֻ֮Ƕֻڲ²ķ룬Ҫ˵֤ݻֻдø߲֪
Ҳ׼ڴ˾͵ȣһЦݾ׼ٴδáһЩٲ׷׳赲⡣
ֻһµЩ˵жһëҲȻĥͬվǣһļûЩõķ
˫׼ͻʱ򣬱һʼһźˣҴҴãѵҪô
һ΢΢һЦδţŲһƮû˷Ӧʹǲʼȥ
ʼ״һ˫۾ɵͬͭһСʦ
һϤĴʣ뵽Գʦͷ㰵ҡҡͷÿɷĿһۣ˵ʲôҪߡ
ʱһ۶Ƿߵӣɱ嵽һǰͷҪݵʦ֮Сû


һ ˣ
һûһʦһ˵һʦԼ»û˽ⷽ磬뵽˺飬һͷð£ǲϲҲֻӦͷתͷӵ޶Ȭˣ
ӼһʻæͷʦֻشҼ޶ȻȬָֻǡ
һԺٺһЦֻһֻܾˣп»ðɣ
ԣʱ֪Լס̾ϢʦԼǣֻС˼Ҳ˵ʥ֮ʮ˿ڣٲΣ¡
һ뵽ˣҲΪѣֻǵ˵ͷȻˣǻŸʲôٴҽȥѵòˣŶֲɣ
һ⻰˵ĺӺͲʼȻ֪һЩˣһۣǾʲôɱȥͨһȥ
һ·òҪһݣ֪һһˣɱ죬ȴûŪֺ
һͨͷȡһЩԭһҲߣأ࣬ʥ֮Ǳޡ
˵ٳ֣ߵǷܱȣҲ˵춨ʥ粻ɺĵλ
һӦƽƽ˳ȥ֪ǺԭЩʦԽԽ٣ǲ֪Ϊξͱһߡ
֪Ҳǲ࣬һͨҲֻɲꡣҲ˽һͷҲƳһ
һʦѹʥ֮µайأ˵ǾػӡĴڡֻһ߱а¶Ҳ֪аﱾѳӡʦ٣ӡԽأʦˡˣһ֮˽⣬ܱ²Ҫõöࡣ
˽ų̶ܿõĺĵشһڼǰ꣬ηηĸһ
ʦһλʦԳطԽʥǣС˴ʦ
ģʦֻǵ˵ͷ㲻ӣһɻͻɵı´һһ׵ľһȭһؿڵ
һһ۱㿴нΪһȭֻ̺һֲȻҪ̽ݡ
Ҳܣֻһųȭͷҵϣֻһը죬ʮײϡ
ʱﻹ֪һǴ֣ʦҪǿĸ֣ɫ͵һ䣬æݵСǮ֪ǰݵʧ񣬻ǰ¡
һǴ¶ݵ˼Ȼָָ£Ȼ֪ֻа˲Ϊû֮ܽӡ
Ǯ⻰˿£ŨŨаɫѿͬʱȷһߵݣȻҲ֪ȴá
ֻ˹ֵǰаħӡúúõģͻȻа£ҴӰ첻СЩʦԽԽ٣ӷӡסֱǰͻȻš
һԣ²ⲻüͷ΢壬ϷſʶȻˣٴȥӡ֮أ³䡣
Ǯ⻰ֻо·Ҳ룬һʦתۣͨһȣ·ɱȥ
Խ£аԽŨԭϵаֻҪЩ΢Ϊ˺˵ŨʱµΪҪܺ
ʱ䳤ˣҲҪӰ죬ֻнʿ֮УԲһ壬Ų𺦣ΪʲôʦԽԽٵԭˡ
˷ɳƬ̣ʮﴦȻʣһأ֮ȻȵİʥСֻʱаԭľ¾𻵣һ󣬷·˼һ㡣
˸һţһХһԻǮҲѹֻſʶǻаֻͷͬԴһҲֻ֪Լ̫³ç
Х䣬ݹХ䵽ǰ׷ߡǮ񣬶Ϊ߻һʦ㽫һ˵˳
һУǮʦ䱸֮ƺһ˿ϣһһ۵²ǵˣ
һԣʱһС绽ǣǰЩ˵Ľ䱸ҲΪ⣬˵ͷҴӴ˴γɽű۹£·аŰ̽һ
۹һ˵ߵı޿ΣǰЩȻϢŹ֣ɵʿһͶ׫һһʱݺĿġ
˭֪⻰ɫ˲ʮֹ죬ΪԴ˷ܵĽеˣˣ


һ ð
һΪȱ仯еĪȴֱӷϣֻһԲ˵ʽòһ˵ʲô
ԭǲ֪ʲôʱʼзӡһͷаڡͷаȻӡȴܹ̽а䣬ڴ˼˿νֻܹӲдĻȥ
֪Ƕ֮ǰһи˴֮ڽһаķӡϣðյĻᡣ
Ϊ˷ֹалĥƷӡٴƷһи˱һдΪ֮ˣʱʱӹ̷ӡֹ·ʥǴõ
ˣҲǹĺˣ˷һаƷûӡѯ˸кνⷨ
ʱЩҲ֪ĻǷܣ֪˵аٴƷǺԻǰŰ֮ġ
˭֪ʮİӹȥʱգ֪ģһи˼ӳֵķӡûмаȴȻӣƿһӡЩ𣬶ŷӡȹ̣ͻа磬ʥǻ
ĵ÷ϵµĻԴ˼ΪߣﵽԪӤڵһӴ֮ΪǸ˵ĺˡ
ڵΪһ֪ԼðõĽ취
εı飬Ȼԭˣ˵ʦΪԭд£Ȼˣǿȥӡ֮أҿΰɣ
ж꣬һЩͽ״ܹԪӤΪȻ֮һһûһǡʱ䣻Ѿûа취ֹаƷ⡣
Բ۳һݣ˵ҽһĳֶǺõġԽһһһˡǳݡ
Ȼ϶ݣһҲǼ٣ҪǴԼȥӡ֮ءϼһż˼һļϣﻹӦһǮ׼ӷϴһ̴һǰȥ
һ˴һҶ֮УҶǲͬ⸫ʯԵʮֹžɣһģĽڻУȻǾǷӡڡ
ʱЩ󷨶аʴ͸źԽɥʧ¹˶þҪ䳾ô
̾Ϣһּɳԭ֮ϣЩ⻪һԭ֮УŽż㵹ķӡȻֻӣЩµķҲǻ֮ƣ֧Ų˶á
Ƿӡ֮أǰӡаֻҵûǰֶΣֻܹӲдˣ
һҲǷȻ鱦ҲǸ߽׵ķƷ𣬱ҲЩĵı
Щͷʿʲôﶼãǳʲôܡܿ׿ȡ˼Ϳʼ̽
һ̽Ǵɵһͣ˵֮󷨴ʦĸ֡󷨲Ƿ̶ȣǿ̶ȶ˵޿ޡһҪ֣Ҳо޴֡
˵ΨһʲôطֵעģǾһоһ˿Эֻǲϸ飬Ҳ˵ﲻЭ
ʱͷֱֱţзǾ㣬˼ȻǻıߣڿšҪϸ̽飬»Ҫ˵һء
ֻһ뵽ʱпа֮£һҲΪߣı󶯵뷨˼תͷϡ
ô£ѵаӡסôϽ
һƬ̣Ϊѵ̾һΪѴʱ⻪ڷɳֱȡüġ
һ굶ѪɱѸޱȡȻҲԪӤΪһʵ٣ֵס˲Уԭء
ƢĳϾҪȴֹɫƵҪһ˵ʲôһȴҲͳǴȥ
ԣһԽӴһ󷨴ʦֱۣʱмáҲ֪ʱǸõʱͷһ糱ˮһӿͬʱӿĻͨ
һٲǴΧ̽飬ǾⷽԲɷ䣬һ˲䣬ÿһɳӶ̽ٱ飬˴ɵڲаԽԽǿ֮⣬Ȼá
ΪԼˣ׼ջʶʱһ˿޵Ϣ浶ɵı洫
뵽ʲôһֵ̧һĨʮ֮⣬һɫȻһͼ


һ ͼ
һѤֲãĻѤڣǻԵ׺һǿԶȻĹâͬãҲ壬ûһ˿·Զʼĳɫ
ʱһǰǱĨȥ˱һʯм¶Ĺ⾰һʱ֮䣬ǼʶԨҲһ
ͼôΪѤãֻǶȴǧ𣬷·𲢷Ǵ˼䣬޲T֮ϡΣͼؾӡаʱˡ
һ˵ţٻͷĴһʱоŻΪµ󷨣һȽϾԵôֲڡ
ͬʱ֪ԼֵĲԾͼҲǴɵ󷨣ȴ֮νϡ
ϸһȷ뷨ϴԣаﲻ֪ʹˣ֮ʮǰֻǷӡиνĸˣҲһˣ޲ӡ˵õİ취Ϊ޲Ĺߣͬһԭķӡ֮ϡһȺ֮һ󷨴ʦҿΪ޲ӡӦòѣԲб֤ݵ˵ƺСͼȻǿ󣬵νȴοͬ·ϴ򲹶ĲȻϳˣѡõȴǿͣĨȻҪĵ˵ҪжУһԭ󷨵ĻϣӹͼӡӣӦܹٷӡݰɣǾһ󷨣ԭӡֻҲҪ㹻ǿ󣬷ӡǿҲǰġ
뵽ڶְ취Ҳһܹϸ㳢ԱȽ׵ĵһְ취ʼ󷨺ͷӡ׼ǿӡͲò˵һ̤Ϲ֮·һö޴Ľָ
Ҫ˵ԡʵֻڡĲϽУһнޣܴ֮ﵽĲΣԴſʼС
ȴͬһʼڡĲУνֻĥĹߣͣˮɡ
һһǱĴʦڣմ֮õĽиã˵ĥ죬ĳЩѰ֮
һǣĴʦڣ󷨴ʦڲû󣬻ɱͻ˴ʦˮ׼ϣѰʦǿҲǿȥһͬеˣһͨͨ󷨴ʦֻҪԻһ㾫ܹҲﵽʦ
һΣڱ󷨴ʦ˵ҪǷʣ˵ǲͶ֡
Ȼһѹأһܿͽ󷨵ƣȻһһģһģҲǲˡ
ʱƺԣ׷׽˴ϱסһ׼ʩ⿪һҪֹһ
˭֪ǱסȴǽסȻʱĹ۲죬ҲһǱﲢûȤĻڰæӡаǼ㱻סҲֵأźס˲ǰš
һУһȻ֪Щ˱סҲֵɡʱպӣʽʼ²á
ǰֶΣٴӵʱ͸ܷ׺ûΪȶҼӿٶȣסӵͬʱһ߲ɳͻӣһ߲µӡ
ֻ֮Уֵ̧㲥֮һ𣬿ʼͼӡ֮С
ʱƣԭʱҪɢӿʼȹͼӡʼ˳һһƺ䣬Ȼǿơ
ڳ˶ȸԾѣȴ´һûһ˸ҳֻǾĿš
һӵĲԽԽ˳֣һʱֻܲһɣ˺һʱܲӡ
ۼӼȫɣ󷨽ٴηõʱһХӵص״ԭΪдѹֻаɢһХƺ˷ӡһͻƵ˳
һҲһ˲鷢ûа©ӡ֮Ӧñ֮ǰǿ˲٣Ҳ
뵽ⴥ壬谭ӡĽУֻҪȫɣӡٴοģһܹаٴηӡ
ʱһ˿а˵Ǹ߰Ĵϴһͬ˳˭˭죬Ȼ谭ȱһΥ汾֮뱾޾ʹࡣ


һ а
񣿡
һüͷһ壬Գ˵Ȼ񽫣֮˵ֻȤţָǿˣԳĴڣϸֻһط
˵ԳΪڣҲֻһңҿڱտΨһ˵ѵͷа̻йϵɣ
һһͷ뷨̵Դͷа֪֮٣Ҳֻܷ£ͷԳơ񡯵аҪ˵ʲô
Ȼͷ߶߶ĳһ󣬼û˴ġ񼣡ʼƻڳˣ˵ܸǳϣܸٻٵɵ˵ǣĿĺܼ򵥣Ҫֹһҽų
ֻڳ˶ɵӣǵľǶ֪ͷаԼЩֻ֮صġΣһ˶ûж
һһ߸һаﴵ꣬Ȼû˿¶ͷȴһ˿أΪԷ˵Ŀǣʽȵȷֻ̣ȴǴһ˵ٵĸо
꣬ȴûмν֣˼ֳһλ񡯣ѵ̵񲻳ɡԣǵϢȻͬаǳȴǰڹ֮£˿ûʴȫȫһаֺһйڼմ˿ӦˣһЩҲƣˣҪʿʲô
ͷһһͣвã̧ͷ˿Ǹ߰Ĵ֣ܸɵ
аѾ׼ֶˣһѯʣͣһʶʶͷһӹȻһ
񣬱ϵĴڣ룬ܣᣬֻҪϹ鸽Ȼ㳤ϣɵ
֮Уһֻĵֱһ˹־ᶨ䣬ƪֶλһɨͳȥ˻
ΪȡϢһװһһջȴûлʵģŵŵʵԭΰֻǲ֪ӺζΪδûš
⻰аջһȴͻȻǣβŵңԶһΪ˽̻ЩΪûţʱδ񲻵óְˣ
һҪ˵ԼǴɽһ⡮ңԶ硯Сһ桯˵ǣʱоԡ
Լ֮оνġңԶ硯һңԶ±ɽ磬磬ħ磬Ͻ綼ҪңԶڵʲôطȴĿǰʶܴĵط
ǡʱδǻΪаǰӵдʣһȴΪΪ֪еĶǰʱģʮش٣а񣬻̼ͬʱ֣ʱ䡯⣬»Щ˵ˡ
̶һ䣬һôࡣ׼֤ʱаȴƹ˼ʲôٲ˵ֻǼôջһΪӡ
һջ󣬼ϢҲŪȻһЦˣС֮ɵ֮ţֻܹ˵ĺˡ
⻰һ㶣һȻˣŪĻﻹŭڡһ쳤ХһڵҺӵ봥֮УԭĴ־Ȼʵ塣
һ״ɫһ䣬֪ŵҺǾѪһԪĶа֮Բʹÿ᲻ã֪ƭֲٴαӡʩչ
ͷһá֪Լڴʵ֮ǰӣ·ӡһа˵ʥǣǶڡ
ģһ򷨣
ͺһüһ⻪仯Ϊ󷨴ʦ֤󡯡ƽʱòϣ᲻ãûзųһʱҲû᲻ˡ
Ȼ⡮ԴһʩչͶǷӡ֮У㽫ӵٶһ´˫ٶȶԱȣӦûǴʵӽųɵʱӲͷаӴ˷ӡȫ
ֻ´ԤϣɾųɾŵʱһХԶӡס֮УһֱĬԣû˵λһαͷǣצȻһĴڡ
ƺûɥʧֵΣӳϻûعһצǵסԼһ㣬˵ĳһץ


һ˾ а񱬷
Ǳĳ֮һǰһ˫߳צ˸ͳץ˹һУҲ˵ŨаһӲ磬һ˰ɾͶܹȥ
ﳤϼһвһڼӣϰݣһ˫۾ͨ죬һɱֻһʱ䲻֣һȴ㲻һ̤㹻ﳤ׷һȦ
ﳤȻҲ֪ԼҪɱһǲܣʱͽĿתѹаĴŭһתͳȥ
Ȼһǿıһ飬ûǣɾ鱦ﳤϣͲ㲻
һ촫ԭڴ֮ıⱻץһ㣬ԭȹ̵Ĵʼһ˿ζ
һɫЩѿֻǴʱܷĳ֣һоͽǰþʱХϴµǰﳤɱһš
ﳤΪʵ൱֮ʵսܶ͵İһΣһ˶һȺϵӣռϷ磬ʱͻƷٴƻ󷨵ơ
һüͷ΢壬ȻֶΣоܽԷҲ֪ʱԼҲû취ֻ֣ҪǼָһʱ̣ԼӾͳ䶨
ȻЩϵҲĹȻסﳤϡۼﳤûͻƷǴֻûȫʵһֻһҪɵʱһԶǰХӵص״
һХ·һҲһߣЩϵӸǲã㱣ʧ񣬶ڳΨһӰľﳤϡ
һԤϵǣﳤϷǵûг˴˻ͻΧǰȥƻ󷨣ֳ־֮ɫһХƺڷ˵ʲô
ֻܿ죬ķ˵壬һ˫Ѫͫ˲仯磬ûа·ľżһ㣬ľͳǴַ˹ȥ
һʱʲôɫ΢΢һ䣬æųͬʱʹ󣬾Ȼٶԭı
˵һߣﳤǰ߶ʲôһҽУһ˫צץԼšֻһץ֮²ûԤеѪһɹŨģīа
аͬѪҺһ籡һԶ͹൹ϡаƺʲôһ㣬ԭ˸ڹ⾹ȻʮһǻһɲɵʵѾɡ
۹õӹȻûдЩ񣬾Ȼű񸴳ǶҪҪɡеҫɣǽ뱾
һЦһͷһ£֪һٲǷô򵥣Щаħĳϵӣæ߶ԡʱǻѹ
ЩϵӼʵʵĳ֣Ҳ׷ɫ䣬Ϊ׵ĴϿһǰ֮⡣
һüͷһ壬æȹ󷨷ӡһалᣬұȫԸûлᣬҲ͹ֲˡ
ԣҲ֪ˣΨˣæڳϺ͵ӣЩڻķ׷ҪǮƵͶ֮Уһʱ֮侹Ȼ⻪ǰһѾ޸ͨѹаֵá
һ״ͷ԰תͷٿа֣ɫٴγȥһεĶͬɷħǷҲ̴࣬а֮Щ΢ƣϸ֪
һ־ͽ޽һ𣬾ֽ両ֽϣȻǲ̽׼һ־ȫԸ
аҲЩԾҲǳԾˣһЦ֮󣬱㴥ֳɫӰ˷
һҲɣߺһúáһݣʹɱȥһʮӰϳأûȵ䵽Ͼɢа
һһСĸаģߺһ·ųӰһÿһӰϹע֮ǰʮһٽ֣һҲٽ֮նϡ
Ҳ£ԽսԽ¡Զ빥ֻܻһЩϸ΢֣˼תۣŽ鶯Ѹ٣طֱǰ
ԴдļŭһŲֻһڽһȣһնһ򷨡
һǴϾͱһ߿ʮɳĻڡֻûԤ֮еѪۣҲûай¶һЦд
뵽һܣһĺãͬʱˣӶ޽նһ֮С
һ֮лָƽһĶֻһֱֻ˳


һ а
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ϸȥһ񣬻βĴϣ̧ͷһͷںŨܵĳ֮£ֻһ޵ģֱܷŮݡ
ҲͰˣ޵нҲ٣־ινǰҲյ˵ûаֱܷŮĶ
ǼʶһҲɰ̾аŮ
ȻԾԾһԲ˵ǰ֮£ֻǿагġˡЩղסԹ
ʱ⡮ˡڶ֪ҲóаհǾóķĵһ±Ǵһץ㽫ǺںƤץϡ
ǿ·Ķ֮⡮ˡһ̧ͷһܣ˿飬Ŀͣһϣһ֣һЦ¶
񣬱ҪҲֹܹģţнӽΪ˵Ҳܽӡڴ꣬ĩ٣һ涼λסң쾭¡Ȱ㣬ͣЩ⣬汾񣬳Ϊͽʱĩ٣һֻҪҲԽ棬ʱҲǸαڴ˷ɡ
һɣԣʱаķһа߶߶˵һ棬ĩ٣ȵȴʻһʱһ˵ĸо
а񵽵ʲô˼ѵ˵ⷽ浽Ĵޣνĩ٣ﶼѡ˵Ǿ޳ʲôã֮ѡѵֻӵаʲô桯ȥܹȫɡԣѯʱһ֧֧ᣬһͲ˵ֳȻһ˵ôණЩǼٲ˵ҼʵܱҲѱĽɫҽųҲסң㱣סҲһң˵һڽˡվ˵˲翿ԼΪֻ֮Ƚӡ鶼˵ֻǴʱСǻûҵýʱ
һͷˣʱ׼ͷԭͷ˼ȴ͵һ̧ͷǹһ˿Цһ˲䣬˾ʧԭأһ̣Ѿֽаǰһնаӡ
аԭΪԼѾ˵һϻһɫ˲ͻ˪һ߷ˣһˣѵôĩ٣Ĵܹȹģ汾ΨһĻᣬҲ
һЦ𣬴߶޽һһаնɱȥаҲΪ˵ãμͬʱһ˫ƷɲȻ⾡ֵ
һȻһЦһͺȣٶ죬һʩչǧһٶָոտһߣֱаüĶȥ
һаҲ֪ԼӲŽԽԽθľʹ¾һһ˦ͷһͷ˿ͬǧһ㣬͵شͳһͽ
һһҲջزֻʹ߽⣬ͼնϳֱɱа˭֪볤ӣһ֮
ԭЩͷѾа˿ȷĴڣһҲͰˣǧһƹ޽һҲûնϡǵˣǱͷ޽
һû뵽ԷɱﵣаҲ¶һ˿Цݣһᡯ֮Ǵиһָһ˸Žָףƻצצ֮Ҫһץ
һǽɱޱȣھζһԣȴϤóצ˳Ϊ侲״̬һ˲ѶԲߡ
ȻһЦٴ߶޽һβһ򷨣Ϊ鶯޽һǱ˿޽˲仯һ佣ڷ͵һţһ
תٶȼ죬һ˲ʮεתÿһתͶгһƵʵ֮£ͷ編Ҳܲסϣ졣
ЩͷаᣬͬаԪնϣаɢȥͬ˶Էаһ޵Ťһ˿ָһʲôȴֻһ֣ٲܲ˵ɱ
һڷһ֮бԷʵɱҲη壬һХɱȥһһǧغҲʤ
ʱƿ֮׺ϣݹȺ˴


һһ ˵
ˣ
һЦһ̳˳аĹһתӭݹȥ
а״ֻһİǰǻغϣһݣȻһһݹɱȥ
һûж֣⣬аƺҪȴʲôӡ
ۼаҪӽݹ⣬һȡңǳݹдһ䣬ʮ¡
а̧ͷȥЩⲻһƮƮĺ籣ҲΪ⣬֮ץɢ˭֪һץ֮£ûоһУǺ籱ԶɢоֵʱǱץƵĺ籾Ȼȴǧ˿߲
аź˿˺ƣѲ˵ʱһ߳һǰɫݹд
һγֵٲǿƮƮĹһּɫ֡ɫַһͱСһ㣬ֱаŶ
аȻаȴɵӣߺ类ûѣӲһһͽһǣһ˿飬ŵɣٽһǣ㿪ţӶצץȥ
һ죬ɫֱצ֮ϣǳ߳צȻһأһɹŨаٴһ
һ˽ǰһնһͷ֪ΪʹΪۣĳХһһ˫۾ͬһ㶢Ϸݹ⡣
ܿ죬ûпˣΪغڲһڳ֡һӣչǧ򽣹⻯͵һͽаС
һ򷨣ռ䣬𣡡
һ󽣾һ㣬ǰа͵һһʧԭء
ʱݹ˾䣬׷߳һ֮ǰһɢߵСףƷƵ˭
֮Сߣǰһѯʵһ㴫Ѷ֮˵а֣ѵǷ˲ɣˣʵȻǿ󣬵һ֮ҲܶԸΪνǴѶ
һԣҡͷҲаȴаֻаһ֣һˣ˵а𻹷ӡ֮УֻӡѾι̣ǲϽӹ̣±룡
˵䣬һͽԼ˴Լ²ˣаһĴڣԼⷽĩٵȵ֮󣬲СסƷƣ̣ǸԴ¶ɫЩء
Ƭ̣С׼ʵҴмڻδѣ黹֪֮࣬ڵ֮Ӧǽͷаӡӡ飬ǲóȻ㽫ǻмƻһоİžˡ
⻰ƷҲһЦ׽˵ǣǵĹǣһ˵ǣ̶ҲᷴԵġ
̱صͷҲЩţƷһٿһͷҶʱһųųĵ˵ͷ˵öԣǧа̶һжġ
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һѾӳ޲Tǣ˵ħᰳǣﻹʲôʹݡ˫Ĺϵ㴦һʮεľء
Դͳ¶ˣһǻѪ壬һǱħŵӣ޲TҲû̫ǿǾô࣬оһһԸˡ
ԽѵõıĵĻᣬȻһ񣬶¸Դ£Ը׷ϣǡ
⻰һҲ׶˼ȻԭɵԶħ񡣵񲻵Լħ˺Ʒôһħ޳ĺ֪
پ޲TһˣһµĹ۵㣬ǾǹɣǷ𣬻ħҿʲô
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ƻ˵򵥣ȴһ֮ǾҪȫ޸ӡ͵ýܿƽԽС˸ռ䣬û֮
СһȺΪԪӤԲ˶ԸһͷڵķǾͲֹеΪѣǿΣյ顣
Ȼ⣬һҲûнֻⷨҪı仯ڳֻҪһѧᣬʱͿ˳ƿ󷨣ӳ


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ڶԴͳ¶ˣһѧɲţһʦȻΪȱǿֶΣټʶһĽﲻѧ
һ˼ͷҲ˵ֽռ㿪ʼڽΪһΪܹѸս֮Ҳ˱ˣһͬ˿̳
Ϊһ󷨴ʦΪоĽԶڽ֮Ѿﵽͬʦܴﵽˮ׼
ûв˽£һ⣬νޱǳ׶ټϲʱתʾ仯ⷬϸ෬ֱǿ˲֪ȥޱˣٰʮ궼пܲý
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Ѿͷϥ˫Ŀ΢ϣʱһ˿һ޵Ľǵڶĵٵ֯һƬƲʣһʨϻһ˿ȸν仯ˣá
˲֪һȴףǽŵļܹһأܹ̾ýҲȻȲˣҲˡ
ڽûܹڶ̶ʱţֻܹ˺ǿҲɡ̿һȻٺò
ֻʱƣͷԽԽϡ仯ٶҲԽԽһȻ֪Ǽ̽Ϊ㣬ݱҲԼı仯
ʦǰҪְæҲǲܣֻܰ̾ϧΪһμܹѲı仯ǽڽߺܶ·
һȴЩͳʦǰͬһԶѰǰˣͷ֮ûʲô£ո˵ĵ͡
żת˼ȦǰȻһЦ̧һĨһһ⻪ͷתܣͣǰ˫
һ˫ǵʫʯ֮еõɽһԨһ磬һ˫ƷԲ
ȽѰУǷ֣ҲҪ֮ϧޱȣϴʱʱ
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ⱾôŹʵһ˫ֻǳˡΪ˶Ըɷ׼һֶΣοǷٵһ˫һʹóһ˫Ҫһ³
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˭֪ո̶ţ㷢ȻֿһǲϹ˳̡
һüͷһȵԨ磬ŮնȻִŮᶨͶݹὫȴԣ䳾
˵䣬˫죬ԡһһӦ޽鱦Ϣʱѹסһʱ䣬˫ԴϢƺϴ
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ͣͣûݻĽٴֻһνٲǰɫɫͶͷʱ򣬶ʱԭ׽ҲȾɫ
һ˫İ̽ΪĶ̴˲䱻룬ԭĽ仯ٴμӿ죬ݻʱͣʱѾһ칬¥ĽΡ
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һһȣһǣ㽫ǽһԶ°ؼڡ
һһ˫Ǿϲ֮⣬һͻϲĽе磬һˣһὣˣ
һԣĵ˵ͷû뵽̶Ȼн޵츳һ˿ɷ֮ԳǻԵɺϣ˵ÿɷӣҲ̤Ͻ֮·Ҳ޷պ߶Ҳǿ֡
ϲĵ˵ͷһݹһöɷ֮ɵĵ裬Ҳԥȥ
һ״΢΢һЦˣȻ̶ܹǾƽСףСЩ
˵䣬һնһѷҲԥȥˡ


һ ȫ
ռ֮УһӰ߲ײ⽣⣬һƬƬȴûܰ㶯ҡ
ӰаʵһˣҪ׽뽣ռҲǲܵġССǣбˣֱһ͵Ϯű˼
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֪˶ٴΣ϶ٽ֮󣬺ݹͶ뽣ǵȥһɲˣǺڴ˼ס
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С׺ͺƷƶһЦʲôһ˵ͷԴͳĽмᶨ˾һ㡣
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뵽˴аĸֽһһ˦ͷǱһһնϵͷڷٴγ˳çһ㣬˲ƶȥ
СҲʩչֶεֵͬʱҲ·һ⵱£ͬһ㳯аȥ
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һһɺ籣һɫ⣬аǰͳԹﻹСҷ뷨㳯Ůӭȥһʱ֮䣬ɱһƬ
С׺ͺƷƵʵǰаԼ⣬ȫԸȻͲǵ֡
һм̿˽ԸܿԴͳҲսȦ˫ȻսƽаռϷ磬ҪѳҲʮѡ
һ֪ʱްӽ֮гһ˿صӡ֮
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һҲɵüͷֻǴʱ²󷨣һҪǿԷֹаƷ⣬һҪԭӡǺϡ
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ھ෬֮̽ڷԼǼһƬ򣬶ƬϢϤĸо
ɴʶ̽飬ֶΣƬǰ̽С
һʱ䣬ǻ£һֺĸоŲ룬ϵĿһƬһ˿ǱԼķϡ
ˮ֮֮ƺ
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ԭһƬͼǰķʮ޵ֲãͳǶ֮γɵķӡѹסͷа
Ϊʲô©Ҳ뷨ǾǶȻɣֻΪȻ仯д˵еľ֣ͨ߳Ƕλ֡
˴ӡа˵ǰãʱ֮УǶȻᷢ仯ֻǶ仯ͼȴ仯һͼǶ߲֮֮ͳһЩ⡣
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һһæ棬ǰϱҪǰæ˭֪Ȼͼһ㶣ƺ˶֪ͼʲô
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˵ʮǰż֮ҵƵĶҲǴ֮󣬲ųа顣
֪Ϣһֻ̾ԻɣĲ񡯡һѲ֮£ϲзҵһö֮ҵһͼĴڡ
һԱȻȷͼԤ벻ͬͼȫ⹹ɷӡͼֻһ֡ռͼԼĪʮ֮һ򣬶ĶģȻǵϵҲûȫ
˵һҲûõȫͼȱͼҲЩʧ䡣ֻǰҪ·ӡҲɣ׼㿪ʼ޸ͼ仯
ȺϺ͵ӣ󽫶ڷӡ³һǹ⣬Ŵһöһ羵Բ̻ʮöģǡ̡
õõһöƷĲԼʮΪйͶ취ãƽﶼΪ񱻷ųʹǵһΡ


һ ׶
ǾɢǻԵ̣һּϵÿһεбһ䱻ֱڶʮ˴Σʮ価һ̡
һ̧̱ԵһĨֻ̻תʱԽתԽ죬󣬾Ȼ֮Լ֮䣬һԶźĸо
ޣʮޣǳӳ
һһָ߳һ㣬֮ɳһѪ룬һ˲䣬̷·һ㣬춯žͳһͷ
Ƭ֮󣬱ڤڤ֮гһöö㣬̷·һһ㣬ʼЩԣƬ֮󣬾Ȼĸо
һĻһǹһ˿ЦݣһĶͷһӵԪ𣬸պӡһ̷̣·֧ţٲ죬ֻǵǻԣһ
̾һˡһҲͷͳ޵ıײȥֻһ˾ͬˮһ㣬ʧ
ȴ˵һͼӡ֮УȻۿȥͬһƬǹã棬ֻͼٱҲһͼĴڣʱǿգ·ʵڵ硣
ȻҲ֪ӡһʵ磬ֻڽռ䣬ȴĿռС磬ЩǻԲǶһǶͶӰƳɣֶȴѾﵽ׽׶ĳ̶ȣһ֣ԱҲԾ̾ѡ
ȻԾԾ̾̾һҲ֪ǰҪʲôһǰõͼܿҵĵһĿ֮꣬еһ޽޵һǶ
һǶı仯Ѿƫ˾ŰԶȻͶͼ֮УС룬ԼĪŰɾ롣
ƽһҪŰɵľ룬գ۵Ĺ򶼲ã˲ϢһȴҪǶͶӰУȻûô򵥡
ͷ̣֮䣬ǣ˿һ㳶סǿǶ͵ط仯֮ķȥ
ЩǶȻֻͶӰҲȵһСɽټһתԽһž㹦Űᵽԭλ
ǶλŻҰǻ˲ʮͶӡ֮УʱЩȻһֹʡһ֪Լûдûüף㳯һǶɱȥ
һʮܶ飬඼Ѱûоģ罣ɷÿһͽ٣Խɱˣн廯ħ˶ǵһΡ
Ȼͼֻʮ֮һǶ仯λõҲֻϵİٷ֮һǶν󣬽ǧ֮һҲٿš
ЩǶ֮УĶСɽһ㣬صȵʵɽȫקϲ
οǣÿÿλһǶͼǿͬʱᷴϣʹԺ˫ӡ
нڴˣȰСǶٰ˴ǶһصɽǶҲܹǿŲ㻨ҹڽƿλõͼȫΪ
һУԼ˳Ƕһһ˿֮ɫȻ֪һε𵽶ãϾΪˡ
֪鶼ˣоʱ䲻࣬Ҳɣתǿ̿ͼصӡ֮ء
׼ʽԭƳȫӡʱһ˿ӷӡ֮صĶڴ˵Ȼԭش˴ȺǳϺ͵ӡ
Լſڵķӡûбƽ⣬˼һ뵽˼վǱ˵ĵ̣ԼֻǰæģǾڵ֪һ
ƣ˷Ž֮һȥһЩذ֮⣬ҲûбԼ׼һһ֪һȺϺ͵˵Ҫضӡ֮ӣ»ָӡʱϻٶֳڵı
ϳƬ̣ʵѣ˷мɰգ
һһ㣬ڵԼĪɣȫͼܱ֤ųɾſԳɹֻʮ֮һͼԴԹɼʣһɹٰûд󰭣㲻ɹطӡǧ꣬Ҳ㹻ϵİհǨˣ
ֻɼʳɹʧܣֻܰǧ꣬ڳʱһƬӣǰһԸаڣͳ
ѰӲҶ˵ʲôЩϵĳȴ£һλԪӤڵĳϣڱһ˵ɼʳɹǾ߳ʧܣʧһǧʱδ̫̣»԰ˣǻָԭ״ٹܸʮ꣬˵þµİ취أ


һ 㳪ݹҷ
˻һʱڳϵӵͬϾǧʱЩ˵㳤ֻҪ޳ɽ𵤵ģǾֻһ飬Լһ£һ˵þҪܺиʮʱ䣬Ǿ͹ܲôˡ
ֻñˣһͷȴΪˬ㲻ϺҲ㻵ˣһȷʵֻΪǵİû뵽ȴġ
ǿ˵λϣĿ˿ӡ֮Ĵһ׼֣Լİæȴ˻ɾĲͷͬˮ˰ء
ǹһ˿Цһܣ򷽲ĳϵĳֻ滻֮ûлָ֮λϲĳھߣλ͡
˵䣬ƾҪȥʱԭءȵһȺǷӦһߡλΪףԪӤϣʮ𵤵ڿն𣬽һס
һ״ʵôѵæãҲô
ǳԣһѿϰæȻǸмֻ㶪һ̯ӾȥδҲ̫˰ɡ
һ˫΢΢һУһһ̯ӿɲĳ£ԭУ߲ߣ˲ˣ²ܾģ
˵䣬һ˿ɢһЩĽ𵤵һƺħ䣬ŶԦס
ǳϼ״һҶˣһӣһɳһƬͳһ
һȻûִĹ֮Ҳ˿壬ָһ㣬ĵ⽻֯ɽһײǷͱĵѸײڶٶɱλǰ
ʱһȴѣ飡
⻰һǹһ˿ЦݣָһۼҪɱǰĵ
תȥԭĴϣϷ𱸵ǰǳһۣЦĿһ
ѣ̲ܽõѼЦˡҲ޶⣬ֻΪȡһ˿ᣬѿౡϷŹһ
һͿһϷҪ̽Լȡôǻ˵ҲһβϵЩߣϵֲò¿ǡ
ҲǱˣŪҪ˵ƣ¶һЦݣ˵ͷȻ˵飬ĳҲһӣֻһ̯ӣĳʰλϻɣ
ǴϱһЩЧһȰ˵䣬һİæ˭֪һһھҪߣﻹסˡ
ֻκһŤͷߡҲԼļƲ߱һ壬һ߳ӡ֮صʱæºֻҪܹӡסаǧʱ䣬ǶԸһдۡ
˻һһͣ½Ųתǹһ˿Цʲô۶ԣ
ϼ״ҧҧֻҪܰæӡסаһд۶ԣ
һԣȻһЦ̧һָҪҲϸ
˳ָ⿴ȥǷĵ÷ϼ״ɫ˼֣ۼֵϻֵǮǵɽ֮
ֻ뵽Σʱ̣ɽҪûˣ±Ҳûôڵͷﱾǵѵǰ£εǰȡȥ
⻰ڳ೤ϵɫһ䣬ǷŰݺϾҪǰ˵ʲôȴϻס
һ״ͷЦⱦãôҲ󣬵˭֪ǾȻҪңǾ͹ֲյϢˡ
Ȼ˫˵һҲƴʲô֮󣬱ӡ֮룬ͼӡһ󷨣һ㽫˳ȥ
ͬǲ󷨣һǰвͬǰǸӣһгӡƻͱȴףټϷѾʮ˽⣬гֻ˶̶ʱ䡣
һӱг˲䣬һ̵͵һߣ㽫עͼ֮Уһʱ֮ЩԭҰȴͼ׷׼һɹ´ͼ֮е
취򣡡
һ̾һҲŹȺûᣬ֮Уʼͬʱ⣬һǻᣬȻסԭ¡ԣ⹹ͷӰΪάʱŻɢ


һ Ů취
ڵԶ֮һƬ֣֮ɫлɾµһһŮ裬ʱ豭һƬҶȻ޷Զһ˿
ôѵĸСת˲ɣŮ΢΢һЦϵ·˵ʲô޹ؽҪ顣
εǷ´ˣӳƬ̣ǹһ˿Ц
ŶЩСתѵǱߵ˽ɱ˲ɡˣҲһ˰ˣЩߣǱ߶һҵ֪˭ð϶֣ϼһˣŮӼںʵ
ǣӦ˵ͷСӼûתҲûбɱǱ·ӡֻӡ˼ȲҲˣһȤСһӶŮûвУƺЩ⣬һڲ˵
ȤСһ˵ŮҲ£æʵ
˵˵СһﲻǸùܵģҲǹܵ˵ġǴյ˵
Ŷ˼ǣйأŮָĿ˿Ϸ
Ӽ״˸ȴ˵ĵĵ˵ͷԹԵ˵ȻСһٴηӡЩҲһͣǱߵ˿ܣҾǽһԵɣ
˵䣬һתϲյ΢΢һЦץһֵǣһûһβˮ
жŮҲһ˿Ц˵ͷһУ֣־ƾʧ֮С
ȴ˵һߣһͼӡԼҲͼǣķ֮С
Ϲ֮ԪֵͬİٱֹⱾĽ飬бףٱԪ۵ͬʱҪÿÿһҪķ۸ҲǱ˵İٱ
ƽһ̲˲򣬶Σ޾취ﻹк˷ֳһסԷһͷȫڷĲ
Ԥ룬ܹһҲˣ˭룬취ҹʱ䣬ֱоԼѾﵽͣ͵ʱ򣬲лͣµĺۼ
ſʼȥ취ҲЩ֣Ҫ֪ͼȻǿ󣬵ܽǿķͶӰҹǾһܹﵽЧȫͼпܡ
ֹ֣ɹ黳ɣε˵ĺôȴʵʵڵġΪͬǷȴҲкûǿ֣֮ԽԽǿķԽͻơ
ӷȱʧĵطǿ͵ȼǴбеõľҪǿһ㣬ǿһЩľ죬ɽĶ츣֮еõķ򣬶ǿԴ֮ǰ㣬һ
취Ǹ籾ԴͳƣϼԴ֮ͬȴִﵽһ
ھһ취ϴʹ϶ﵽһµˮ׼һǽͻƾ磬תʹ÷򶼻˸˳üɣԱơ
壬һ泩ĸоӿͷ̲סХһХӡ֮ʯڶϡ
νеٰʮ֪һԲɡָһһռѷ죬ռ¶˳
ʱռ֮УаѾռϷ磬ѹŴм̿ƽͱ
ÿռ䱻򿪣а̷ϷĻᣬһͳһſڣȻһЦ̧һָ޽аţһƮĽд˹ȥ
аѾӦƽһΪҲ֣׼һצ顣ֱǰͻȻоԣԼýռһӰʱһŵɷףһҪˡ
һһѾþãοʹȥȻһЦ˽һӿϡסֵĽ⣬ٶ֮磬ɲǼ׷ӱܲа
ǹһ˿аЦаˣıѾٴαӡʲôã˸ɴΣ
аԲţеʲôܣƾҲܷӡұ𣡡
һһЦŲҲɲˣɣһа
δ䣬һаʱ߶޽һյֱֱ֮ϡ
˵а֮аȴպñ֮ƣһµסаҲɵ΢΢һͬϺһһ¡
һ״ȻŹᣬ䣬аһͷ­׷ɶ𡣲һʹ˷Źһһն򽣷ֻգۼ䣬ааƮɢ


һŰ ֮ͫ
ɱ㡭һĽа֮дû뵽гƬааӡȻûɢ
ңãһֶΣһһЦ˫Ŀһһϣʱ˺ɫͫʣ֮ۿ֮ǲã֮ɫ
һʱõµõǿľϵ֮ͫ⡮֮֮ͫͫеһ֣롮ܹ֮ͫ˹֮ͬʹĸרܿĸָԹޣȵȡ
ʩչ֮ͫ£һĿԭش綼ǹһƬʱȴڣ綼һƬŵĻɣ֮ȴܼһҫ۵Ĺƹ
ͨ͸Ĺ˵аӡ֮֮뵱˲ȱħֶβͬûнļӹǴʣƮɲ
˵֮Ķҩδ֮ǸԶݡ
ǰ䣬ܸ̾оָ״̬лжܵӰ죬²˳ġ
˺ߣ˾ͺѲԼѾΪһԱв޷ʱƣӣ٣ؽ٣˽٣ֽ׷׽٣
ֻһǰȴͬա֮ͫͬʱҲõִţһƴǿֻ֮лϲ֮⡣
˫ָһӡ㲻ϵƣһƻҵĻ裬ǱҪƵϵ֮ȻԹԵڻһ䵽ϡ
̧һץһֱĸо͸ǶԺ֮жʱֳаŤףߴһ䣬
׼Ҳ̾а֮ȳǿ˰ٱҳѧֶΣ½һ¾ҪҺö˵Чˣ񣬵Ǹһɱﵣʱ˭Ըңа䣡
˵䣬æתԪ͸ŽаŰһöȭͷСһ
һ˵ӣʵת˲ͣ¡֮ͫʱЩûӡаûȫɢ
Ща뵽֮ĳɵ˼̧һץһаС߶𵤣Ԫɷ֮ʼĥа
ʧǣβûеõԪֻܽЩа飬ԴһҲ֮
̫̰ˣΪܹ֮һɴȻаȻ֮һмǿãôɣҲû⻯Ԫ˿аֻܵ仯ָܻԪҲûá
һ̾ʱС˸պøûаֻһһڣ㶼һ򵥼佫֮һ˳˽ռ䣬һ棬·õķӡѾԭʿ
ǳ֣ǴһϲɫĴлѾ֮һ顣
һϣûǰʱ⣬ҲԼĳɹǸı˿Ȼǰƺ󹧵оϲ뵽ԷΪ飬ҲȻˡ
ǫ䣬뵽ŵ˴ôҲǵ÷һǴȴ𣬻ֳֶΣ͵һǰ
ŴϹ͹ǻƴСĹһ뵽Լ;пõõҲûƴǱ
˺Ϊ˽аķߣһʮ¯ҩεöʿַ¸
һе˲䣬һоһˬ˼һת֮ͫһԾķ֣Լ˺͹¸Ա˽ɡٿС׵ˣȻ׷Գ컨֮࣬ȻԶԶԼҲ˼ˡ
һУһߡʱǴԿҪлǡ뵽һȻգȴҲĿģټСΪۣһͿڴӦһ̻֮һȥ
ڣһ뵽аٴα˿ôߣҲûйܿǣʹ÷֪ҽԼͼҲڡ
˴ʹ֮뵽ΣһٳҲܣʱм֮ԱҪٴνһ
һƴ֮һһվǼʴУ⻪һȺʧڴ֮С


һž 
֮й޵һǳΪϹű֮磬ӵʺȻټûдɴĹ˼ȻȻΪɢ׵ĳ
Ϲű֮ʱķչԭССҲγɹģ챦Ǵڻ˵оУԲ磬ǶԵʿҲǰס
ԣ֮УʮĽ֮һǶķ򣬼Ҳŵǰһٵڡ
һգǼʴػĻΪȴûж˼Ϊ֪طִ֮ͬǿȵ֮еĴǷ񼶱ĸﶼΪ
⻪һŮӴ֮˳һϮɫԱŮӣһޣһģһƤɰ˼伫Ʒÿ쿴мĿǶ̲ס̿ˮ
һоϷųƣǶʱЩ˼ΪģֻΪһˮĶԪӤ֣һжŮԪӤںڵˮ׼ǺڣԲ
˵˵Ϊʿǧ򱶡ԪӤΪΪһ֮·ı־ҲܼĵĴ·ԪӤڣԪӤԲһСľҪ壬Ϊ߲Ĵڡ
ЩȻҲһн𵤼Ϊȴ֪ԼĽ𵤼ûеǱ˵ԪӤٽһϼѣԸǰŮһһ¡
ȻͷһŮȻĳɵĸ߲Ů˳ϱ뼷õЦգ۶С
ʮһһ˵·Цλ㣬ǽ׻ǹ۹⣬һǵĸַС˿Ϊλָ·ٲҪ˷ѡ
´һǹһĨЦݵʮ֮һǰȻΪ˽׶۹⻹з񣬵ҲʧΪ飬ˣʲôýܣһ͡
⻰æͬ˸ɫȻƲͤ¡ֻǻû˵ǺһǺŮһЦ̬ǧü龰˶ͷһ
ȻҲ⣬ԣԼڸʲôܿ죬һУžһ׳һöɫӨ͸ʯڰϡ
ܵöʯ֮ɢûгԹľĻɫʮֺÿ
⡭Ʒʯֵ򡭡мУ
ߣһƷʯˣֻҪʲôöܣٻһöʹ͸㣡
˵䣬žһֽһöˮɫʯڰϣȻǰĻʯԲͬͬƷȴ޼
ֵƷʯԼǰǻ۾Ѿ˳һ˲Ϣҿ˿ͬһĿƵĿʱôۺ졣
ֻۺҲգۺҲգʯʵʵڵĺôͷܼӵͬʱЦȴӲãæóԼض꣬ʱʱ£⴫Ǳ
öƷʯķϣԳǰĻϧཫ֪ϢϸĽ仹ӦõʣҪԷһˡ
һʱ䣬ǿ¶Ϊ֮ɫĵͳһöλͣǻ⣬Сһᣬʵʱ£ϢһӦȫ
ԣӹһ¶ЦݣһЦҲ˵ʲôöʯŮͷҲصľ뿪ͤ
ϵöʯ±һ㣬æʱǿϲ֮ɫҪ֪ΪһѾõķʮʯΪҪܴﵽ˭֪һ¾ˣ˵ʣࡣ
ȴ˵һߣһŮ뿪ԶǺŮһЦӵӵܵԽԽˣ֪ı࣬ҲҪϴأ
⻰Ǻ¶֪ǵ⻹Ǿȵı飬ڨڨһЦ⻹ǣҪߣҲӵܣעô
ŮýͣһЦһ԰Ůһۣƺڴʲô⣬һŲ㱣ͽǿƤŮӼߣʱһСͨĵ磬С׽ǡ
Ӽ״ֻεҡҡͷ


һ 
һŮǴ޲Tӳһһˡ·ӡаͬʱõ˲ͼЩͼָ¿ʼ;
С磬Ϲű֮зչ仯ǽ˥䣬ǿеһ㳾Ƿչ׳Ϊûİ
һһ;Ǵڸ֮䣬һѼϢ͸ҪıмνҶ֣ǽԼĺۼ磬·ħǿҲҵˡ
ʱ෬Ҳһ˽⡣н޻Ϊĸڵ
ӻΧ֣֮СС޲Tǣһ㣻ҲϹű飬Ĳƴ磬硣
ǿ֣ȼ粻ܹͬŵϺţΪֻ֪ĸȼ
СɣҲӵзִڵɣܹһСΪһ˴ɾͽӽȼ
ǿһЩɣ֮бжɽٸִڣһСƿȨߴܹ˵ϻҲˮ׼
ϣǴɣ֮бһϵ˼ִڣҳưһ磬˵һʦڣˮĸӽˮ׼
Ҳߵȼһ㶼ɣţħĴڣнλ˼֣ҿƸϵĴС磬һţ㹻һ
һӷźħв²⣬õĽʮֳԾǸ侲Ϊ֪Լһ·УȻܶǿĶ֣ľްԣǵһΣҪӹѣҲϳɳֻ侲
һΣǾǸ֪һǵĴڣպһʼȱʺϲϵȤǰһ̽
ټϷĽܣ֪Լһȥʲôط͸ļ̵ͷһЦǿɶСطˣοҪʶһϺõʲôӡ
⻰СףƷƻǼ̶Ȥɼ飬Ů˵ǲʱݵġ
ŮľסһҲһǳзȥյ蹦㿴һ޴ķ½½ĴСȻȵɽСֻԲ˺ö࣬Ҳбء
½ϣһشһʽĽСԶԶȥЩе糤ƣе̨ͤԺ䣬з˾ģһ㡣
ɽһ㣬ɼݹ⽻ݺᣬȻгɵĸ֡ڴ˼жǹؾأȻӡ
ٷɽһЩ֪Եɣԭնƣѭ浸صķҲͰˣǺײ˽ƣͬʱܹԿġ
һǹһ˿̾Цݣʮ֮һ棬Ĳ֣Եطˡ
˵䣬Ů¶ݹ⣬һƷǰǽΨһĿ϶Ҳǵͬڷ˳ǳϳŵڡ
볡֮ȻУһȥвͬЩܹеĶԪӤϵʿԪӤ֮£ֻڵϿ˫·
ͬڵ·Щ˽𵤵Ŀ԰ͦصĺ޼ɣЩΪСģֻСĶܣ㱻ײҲûһԹԡ
нУħǿΪһҪԭطѾһȫĵȼĲ¶ߵıʣħǿΪ
һȻĵԣϾҲǿ֮һҲ֪ܹΪǿߣ˶֮ажټҲֵݺ͵λ
ˡ䡯֣һҲϹ䣬ֱӴŮֱӷɵ棬ʵǿС¸󡯵ڡ
ա䡯˵⡮¸󡯲ǵһ̿죬ʮʵǿ󣬲ɣдɼ̲Ͽôһ
֪Ҳ˵ɵĿԣʮҿڵΪܣһǻ˸ڵң˼ĸ֣иǿпˡ
ѭеĽƣ˲Ƭ̣һ˲¸ǰ۵һͨԵͽ
˿Ҳֻΰ죬һȴһ۱㿴νȻһһˮĸԼͨ¥Ĵڡ


һһ 
ôֱʣһļֵͲ鱦Ҫ֮ǴУҲõĴڡȻֻΪĵ̣˿ɺдɵӰҲ˵ˡ
һ̾һȻԾȴҲſ֣ϾѾķشûĲܱȣ˼ʮ֮⣬ȴֱҲӦõġ
̾̾Ȼ˽βǲιۣǽףԼ˴¸룬Ҳѧö֮ĴŮС
¸󣬹Ȼиֲ˿ռ۵ռ滹˰ٱƳһת¥ӣһһϣĿһ£¸аٲ㣬ܹ¥
֪ĵϸһ˱㲻ǰǰԾӹʱһ̴ӵݹǶ¥ĸ˽꾡
ԭٶ¥͵ΪʵȼԼĿĲͬṩרŵƷͷ
·һٲ㣬רΪԪӤ֮µʿṩҩ󷨣ϣҩģޣͼ䱦ȵԼչϢָ㣬ڷȵ
Ϸһٶ㣬ÿʮһȼֱΪԪӤ壬ʿṩƷʮ㣬ǾǴ˵жɽٸ֡˸˵ˡ
νδУһˣһĻѿνƣʯȻв٣棬ȴԵ׽⡣Ϣܣȥ򣬶ǴŮֱչ¥ȥ
ԪӤһչ¥㣬̱һڵС˴ѯһʲôһҲھ˵Ҫ͵ҩЩĶ
⻰Сٽһٿ˿ߵСŮʱҲΪһӵܳװ£ֻûûʯʹ˴ȡʯ
ͷһˮ׼Ȼû֧СŮŻʯһҪ֮ǰµĿ๤һ
С˾ڰ̾Ϣ֮Уһ˵һ̨ǰǹ̨һͻԲƹһ鷨ˣæ̧ͷ
ƹһС˼üŪ۵ɫٿһС׵ˣͷʱ׼֣һ˿ˡĹâæЦ˳
ƹҲԪӤΪһ̬ȴ˾öҪʲôһЦѯʵλǵһ¸ɣ
һԷɫͷЦҲԼݵݰȻ˵λ򣬵ǻǵһΣ¸ȻҲǵһˣ
һǵһֻ·ƹǴ׷⣬˴ֵԭˣǻѷģ¸󴴰ʮʱ䣬ǶֻҪбۣһһļ۸񣬾Կǣ
һԣҲ˵˵һ䡰ҹһ۸ɣּ䣬϶һ˫񹳣һƿһƤ
ƹֻͷЩʧ뵽ҲҲףҲ
һһ˫񹳣ΣʵʱѾΪ⣬ڵʶ鿴ǿ
ʮؽƣƷӽԲ
ƹİԵ˵ͷڶö񹳣ɫȷʵ΢΢һ䡣˵ڶö񹳸ǿ࣬ͬʮؽƣͬκ͹졣
ڲͬǣͳͬϣΪѾƺƣһģһͬΣʣǽƶһģһ·ճһ
Ҫֶ֪ȻǲԽԽ󣬵ʿʶ޵ģһԲٿطҲޡһַܹƣǾǳ׷
Ľ뷨ٵʮöĿԳɰǧöÿһöҪݵʶҪʮ˲ܿƣʵȴֻҪһ˾ܲǱΪЩ׶ɣ໥֮ǣݸʱҪʶΪ١
һ˫񹳺Ͽȴ㲻ϳףһģһĽȴƭˣ໥֮ĺӦƭˣһȷʵǳ׷Ϊһģһǳ׷֮оƷĴڡ
һ뵽ôһ񹳷ļֵԼԼܹеõ棬ƹֻҪҲûʲôԹˡ
̧ͷһһֻۣһԵõĸС׺ͺƷģƹͷЦѣſܻоϲ飬鿴
Ȼڲ鿴ƿƤ֮ƿ֮ȻֻʮöȻ弶Ʒҩ֥鵤ƷλĸߣƤӡһͼȻó󷨣ҲܿŵȼƷ󷨡
Լǰ֪ܹ׼ˣµֵµ࣬ƹæ˼һЦĿһ


һ ۸
һȻСŮȴķֶã󲿷˼ڲ£һǵƹĻظЦݵĿԼʱ֪˽һƹģۼΣ
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һƹһưʵ˵ѯԼͼãͷЦҲû˼΢΢һЦͼȷʵƷһ󣬻ǬԪԪӤ˽Уһգ³
ƹ󣬱Щʧ˵ԪӤסһղóôһڹؼʱ̣˵þһת˼ֵʹ˲٣ʱϾչЦ
һ˵ƾЩɵͼ´δܽԪӤסһղóƷȴҲټ֪ѿɷȡȥñʦһ¡
һԳƬ̱һЦʵҪһЧܼ򵥣ֺα飬һ԰ɣ
ƹһ㶣˵һҡ֣һֶͼ⻪һתƣС
һֱźԱߵСɫ΢䣬΢΢ŲŽŲƺҪӿûȶһ죬͵չ̨һС
һΪ󷨴ʦͼƣȻ谭ŲԶƹС˶ƴƹǸ̬ʱŮ̿
ҪЩҩͼѵ³̫࣬ע⣿ƷЦ֮㿪ʵ
һ΢΢һЦ·гȻҪģȻҲûʯע⣬ҲȻģֻǲڴ˴ǷӦͲ֪ĸ磬˸ʲôˡοע⣬鷳αȵϷźħʭӶ˲˵ûǹҧҧһë
һЩɹŲЦ˵ŮٴЦͽ˫չЦգ򷽡
һȤգһƹСˣҲоòˣһ֣ʧһ̨ͬƹС˶³֡
ŻĶͻȻ󷨣ƹԪӤΪоҲͰˣСȴûоתȦŻع˶ƤʵҲⲻ˱ͨ졣
ƹٲ֪һǹǾͰ׻ôꡣ뵽⼸ķϣҲˣɶһЦ
ѺֶΣ½һ̽Ȼ˵ûиʮҲ˿ɼȴЧֻǵѿ˳ģѵǵѡ
һǲϲƹԼȻסȴҲһֻͣǶ⣬ȴûشֻ΢΢һЦȻˣƹĸҹ۰ɣ
ƹһ϶˵ҲѯʣһƳ˿ϵڵȻˣ¾ΪѹһǲĵطѾǡҲ֪Ʒļֵһ񹳵ƷƷ鱦֮ееƫ£Ȼ׷мӳɣ¸ɣҸһһʮʯ鵤ǰҳʮʯټͼһʯһٰʮ򣬲֪Σ
ƹ΢΢Ƥ⣬һǹһ˿ζЦݣһָ㽫ջУ˵ŮҪߡ
ƹ׼һ˵ǣһһۣ˭֪ȻӦּۻ۵ĻᶼûС
һ׬ȡʯĴûҪߣƹϷ֡һֵȻʮһסһǵȥ·
ôѵ¸ҪǿǿɣһζĿһۣû˿ıǿǿо
չ⻰һ㶣оԾ뵽׬ȡʯҲô࣬æЦ
ѴԲӣ¸λǿǿֻǵѵһǳ˶˶ȥʧ¸ˮƽԵѶԼ۸в⣬ֱ˵º


һ ͷ
һ˫΢Уǹһ˿еЦ
ƹһۿЩûţ뵽Լ̣Ҳͷͷһж
һ˵ͷȻˣҾ˵ˣһ˫񹳣Ҫʯ֥鵤ҪʮͼʹһһٶʮܹҪİʯ
ƹ⻰ԭЦݶʱΪģֻΪһ۶ʮֽӽޣһＸûʲô׬ͷ
ƹ񲢲ģΪҲҪۺܾ׼ĸ֣ƾԼ粻֮࣬ԽԷ˵ΪԼȡ档
˼һתȻһЦѣãҪδ̫ߣ硭
û硯Ļ˵һûȥ뷨ٴתߡ
ƹ϶ЩҲסˣԴһ˿ŭѣ㲻˵ɵ̨ѯʣǻ᲻Ҫչ
⻰ʱһպ̨߳תͷ˿ЩƹҲǲչʮټû˻ܾ˰ɣ
ƹѾ˿Ц˼ˣһ⻰͵һɣԴѯʲôʮټı
һÿɷһЦҪתһ̨ȥƹתһȦһĴȣæ׷˳
ƹٴסһȥ·
ôһʲô飿һһЦ
¾÷ŵĽ׻˵ͷ
˵ͷҿҪİʯѵҲӦɣһζһЦ
İ򡭡ɣʵжıƹҧҧ
˵˵Ѱ̽أҵһ⣬ıһںߣ˵һͣ£ƹ޵ռ䡣
ƹһ㶣ɵĿһһۣͿ⼸ﶼǽ֮ƶɣͷһҵ⡣ˣƷĲҪҪܲ׬ȡʯ
뵽ƹЦǰδеŨһ㳯̨̨ƺģС˵濴أԼһҡ
ңƹڲסϲɫڴæڵ·ۣҪռѱˣû뵽ҲǸи֣׳󣬹ʶѼ¡
һԣʱ֪ԼαװҲںͷһЦ޷ǰֻΪ˽׶ֻͷЩҪЩʯˡ
ƹһͷ΢΢һɣһת̽ԵʵȻˣҲʱ䣬ˡֱԣŵ˵ͷ㱦֪ж٣۸˵ûϵһҲΪδ֪
һƹ˼ЩӣΪ׼ֶΣķඥϣҲڿʱһЩ߽˷ҩͼֻǱϾ߽Ȼֶθ߳ԷΪԼã׼Ҳʮӡ
ħŵı֮Уħ֮⣬ҲõħűЩǵ޲Tħ׼ľȻƷһ㣬ʤ
ƷıûһǧҲа˰٣ƷƷǶ಻ʤһƷǵûУΪħм׼־
Եȡһ֮󣬱ʼƹҲӵɵֱˡ
ȻһۿȥֱܷЩ֮д󲿷ǰͬһɵֶΣһħֶΣЩħűﾹȻѰɵƣֵҲ޼
һɨ̽صıƹ񲻽̿ˮһѣǲǶĸħŵϳȻѹγôණ
һЦֻǵ˵֪ЩƹĿյ¡
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Ѽ£ô౦ѾһܹˡǵѲ⣬ҿԴΪ𣬽ֳ֮ɶִãֻһ۸ԵһЩй¶Ϣķա
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ƹüͷ΢壬ԥʲôƬ֮һָͷһ죬ֻҪһܸ֪ѿɻ⡣
һ죡һ˵ͷһһ죬۸Ҳ˵һҪǾҪһ֮УܷӦ
ƹһ˼ֵĵͷ԰쵽ϾЩҲҪһ£ϳҲ鷳
һԣȻĿһۣһЦãܺãЩͽ㴦ˣ


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ʱ֮һһȻӹ̨֮гƹСһֱ͵һĴſڣĿǳ¥ȥ
ֱһӰСæѯʵƹģһ׬٣ɵСһݰ
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ʮС۾ֱˣƽȻôϣʮȴǴûмȻ֪ƹ񵽵ʲôö֪ԼһҪˡæ˵ͷ˿˳ȥ¸ɱȥ
ƹ״ƬҲͣͳԼȥƬ֮󣬱Ȼ߳˵߳¸ʧ
ȴ˵һ˶֮󣬱СסƷơ뿪չ¥㣬ͷҲص¥ȥ
·ϣС׿ѯôĽǣѵǽô
һԿȻһЦҵĶô̵µģǹԹԽҲͰˣҶʲôЩҵֶΣʱ򣬶Ȼ³
һţСҲ˵ʲôܿһ˱򷨱¥㡣һȥȫĿĸ෨ϧǣһרΪԪӤʿ׼ԷƷңǿһЩҲƷԲ
ȻΪ¸ĵطԪӤʿҲƷķƷķһʦ˵ҲǿƣұЩϣʯһĻࡣ
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⻰ŮҲ׷׵ͷʾͬʱһЦ֪һ°ִۣȵ湫
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һԣ΢΢һЦҡҡͷǶлѺˣ˼䱦ãľĳʯ㣬һ˲һˡ
ԣŶһһͬܵģǹһ˿Цȴ뷨չ¶š
ĿɨСһۣһЦȻˣǵǿϧˣĳһ֮׻뺯ľҲȥμӣ˵õʱܹԵǾ׬ˡ
ݹĺɫƬС¸֣һ״ʶһɨϢ¸ɷΪ׻볡֤⽻׻ƣƷǵвṩȿԻʯҲԻ
뵽ԼȱٵĶûУԵ׻һᣬһûоܾ˼˵ͷ˹һ䣺лѡ˵£Ůȥˡ
һȥЦݽζһ˿аζӿһЦһȱȥ
ȴ˵һŮԭģרṩϣҩĵ¥ȥ·ǼһЦ汿ΪûʯȻý׻ǰӣҿ͵ʴס
⻰һʾͬĹһЦǺƷƲϷŹһϷ̵ĺûᡣ
һЦ̶Ǳѩҵһ²λƺͦ˼ģΪʲôҪ˵˼ҵĲѽ
֪ƷƶŪԼܶŪ㷴һ䣺㲻Ҳʾͬôô
ƷԷǸӵ⣬һֱۣϵҿΪ˸ˣȻҪʾˣã㡭
Ȼ飬๦ﶷùƷħŮʱԼ壬˿һһʱͬһ㣬ҪҲ֪˵ʲô
һ״ͷ壬֪ԼǳڰæֻܿϷͬʱ˼һȥ


һ ٻͼ
ŮĴ֮£һ㷷鵤ͼȵȳƷ¥㣬רΪԪӤṩƷϵڡ
ǰĸʽϣһ¶һ˿ıʼѭ·ȥ鿴ѡֲϡ
˵һʯûеˣϱҲЩʯԤټϲϱͱȳƷʮֹҲ㹻һӻˡ
һ·㻨˽ǧʯʯڹ򷨱鵤˵Ҳ㲻ʲôԭϣǾһСĿ
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˼򶨣ڽϸھһҲͣŮߡһרϢ¥㡣
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˵ʦΪĲҪɿڣЩϲڲͬĸоΪһݺ͵λ֡ԸǮȥԣԵľָо
ͬ¸Ȼ¥㰴Ϊʵȼ֣ƺǾԵӡʵأȴǽ̺нУǿΪı͹ֳ
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㹻ʯ߼Ʒǡüĺûᡣͬļ۸¥ȴǸܲͬĸоѡȻǲԶ
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뵽˴Ҳ̾нķΪΪ˷
Ȼ̾̾һܿͻصʵСǰ·Ҳֱһ̨ǰ档
һνӴһ뷢԰׵ߣҲԪӤ֣ԷϢƽͣȻĲǿݵֶΣĹ
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߼һĿȷȾͽϵͼȡ˳򵥵Ľһ
ԭͼһô򵥣ҪҵǡΪʱĲͬƵ˲ͬİ汾
УõȻǶеͼͼȫǰٿȫһĴڣΧҲʮֹ紫˵зŵͼǴܹĴ硣
ֻڶͼֶͻɣսһĴڣȻ
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ڶͼǴͼͼҲԭȻȡãȴҲʮְͬмС
ٴΣԼָֻơУԴǻƵͼΧҲΪȫ棬۸ʮֺʣҲΪܻӭͼ
߸һƼͼ¸󱳺̻ƵġǱ̣ͼҲвͬԹһѡ
һĽܣٿЩͼ֮ͷһ˿ʧΪЩͼҲͱõĲͼǿһߣΧϹ˶٣ҲЩǶλһ£ٶһݽܰˡ
ҲһʧҲоͲΪһġ竡ȻҲͼԼͼãҲòȥ
ʱ߼һŮһ뷨һԵƬ̣תȥȡһöһӹһͼı⾹Ȼǡٻͼ


һ ͬˡ
ͼ֣һ¶һ˿ЦݣٿԸǶıעǶɵó鶯һ¡
ԭͼϲͼǰ㣬עʲôزɣ֮ϱעľȻǸԼطʢʲô͵Ů
оͱעħĵΣԼʢŮʲôŮʲôèŮʲôŮ֮⻹ʲôһЩɣ貨һ㣬תŮӣʢţĵŮӡ
ЩһʱףͷԼŮΪԼ̰ɫ֮ͽͼû뷨Բóôһͼ
̧ͷͷɷǵģȴһ˿˶ЦݡʱһףʲôɼĳֶΣ˫̫࣬˲ʲôеɡ
һԸ̣ͷһɫǡıǣ뵽Լʱݣȴûбʾһ˿ϲģ
˭֪ͷȻΪҵͬˣͷ̾ͼͬʱڵλѣһͼѵõĺöˣһ洦ˣϵﻹһؼͣһ֮
˵䣬ͷеݹһöһ뿴Ůģ㲻òӹעʶһȻһɻס˫ؼؼһͷһֻĸо
ԭɵˣȻӺƷϵõ𽵹֮Ҳɵ˫ؼԱȣȴûá
ȺС׺ͺƷ˫ޣϣڶŮյ֮£ǷнŻϲõŮ˫ޡϰ
˵ʱٲǵͷ࣬˫ֶۣ亱мħĴ֮ˣʲôɻסж㲻ϡ
ͻڣȴ˵ʱûݣǲ˼й¶ʲôҲ˿ڡ
ͷеĿ⣬뵽ԼʱݣһֻͷЦϼϲɫ˵ͷһĻС׺ͺƷУŮȻ뵽òȻļһﾹȻĽס
һʯͼ£ûչʾ˼˺ҲǡͬˡԭһϢͷν֪޲޲󻹴һ֮ۡʱǽǺ͵档
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ԭһǴϢòĴĴʵźħ顣
һ·෽ע£ĵطûдϢĵطЩ˱ʵ̫
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˫üҪ޲Tǻʱڼ˴һس־˼Ĵڡ
ûд̸֣ҹǴʲôЭ顣ǵõʲô⳥Ը˳޲Tǣ㱻ħռ졣ԭ޲Tǵĸձ࣬ٲȻһ޲Tħ
ʱѾһ֮ǰ飬һõϢͷʱΪ֪ħܿͻԸԼˡ
ҲżϾѾָ룬׼Ҳ˲٣ħǰ˽⣬ֻʶԼ㹻׼ɳֵʱ˵ͻƣٴʶ
ʱһȻûжͷȴһźţħţǶɣɱҰɣҵĺôɣֻҪһβܽɱɾҾٴøǿֻܳΪĥʯɱҵʱһܹڸҵķâɱ
ȻõħֵϢһ˼ҲһңŮ䣬Ҳй䣬㾶ֱ˳¸󣬾֮һҿջס£ҹҲᡣ
ڶգһһȥǰƹõĵط档һΣƹ񽻸һֵʯʯ
һʯһתֽһƹԼһŵرƹ֪׬ǮᣬŹ˵ʹӦ֮󣬶ٴμ棬Ȼ㹻ŵر
Ǯ壬һŵرͬʱҲõƹݹһʿƬдš֣֪Ժκõõĵطҡš
⡮šһ֪Ҳ֪ƹԪӤΪܰ쵽Щ飬һ˵ͨȻŰŵֽšҲںԷħаϾһݽȶһ˸á
ڽһһýӣǱÿճԼ֮⣬ʼ׼һϣӿռУжӦ˳


һ ׻ż
ŶȻⶫ
һһöϡ¸˸ǵջ͸ֻƽʱȴ˸Ȼʾ׻ἴ
˵ҪŵرҲǴ룬ֽ׻Ȼ¸ٰ̾죬Ȼвͬ壬ˣҲǲȥ
һˣ㴫Ÿ֪ŮŮ˵Ҫ׷׿Ҫһһͬǰȥ
㣬һٴǰ¸󣬲һΪĴ죬ֱӽ롮ҡ˼䣬ſټһ֮УΪ˶üһãлһ̨ȻǸ˽Ʒá
һ̨һʿһС˫ǡķһǴ̫̫ͣɣӵ¼ӳֵȻֻ弶ʮֲһͱʯ
һһֻ΢΢һЦΪС̫𣬺С׵̫ˮֶҲܹ죬ҲǻѰµĹˡ
֮ԲֶǮһ׼һֱʣҪָ߼ϣΪһַʱ䣬ʮƷеٮٮߣǺ߸׬ʯ
һǷҪطʱ򣬺һЦԱߴһ֮ǰ
ֱһ˫۾ŮɨɨȥſһһЦľѹȻˣ⽻׻Ϻöʮֶ֪࣬׼˶ʯҪչһ
öԷ˵֮ǰȫͬһ⣬Ѿǵͷ࣬˴̼ҪʾһʵֻЦԹԵĿЩ̨չʾı
״ΪԼһҪŮ˭֪ȻûһյһߣǼ̶һץסһ첲Ͳ
ֺü䣬Ȼûеõ⡣Ϊ֣֪ȥֻԽԽᣬֻٴȥ
ȥһǹһ˿ЦݣŮ׷ױһӬ֮ͷͼͷϡ
û˸ţһˮŮɫ֮Уһûʵı
˵⽻׻Ȼ˵иַ׷׳ԼҪȴֲıһ˼Ϻõŵر纮Ǵ¶٣ڤѪ
ЩеĸպÿͶĴֱ֮УеĿΪ½ƵʥҩЧ˵ÿһŵرҪƽѵһĺö
һѣȥһڵʯҲû㣬Щʯףȥļ򵥣ܹռЩǺ
ǽ׻ᣬļеһ̨ٶʯֻҪһλ̫ߣױע⡣
ע⣬ȴע⡣תҺñʱһ̨һƬ
תͷȥ̫һϵһһһɵ׼ڽס
ⷨıϣһԿ弶ķֵⷨԵ̫ǿ󣬷һС
ռ䷨ѹôϤһȻǿռ䷨ҵĿռ֮һܹʹûдﵽռ䷨ʹÿռ䷨ĸⷨΪ죬ҵĿռ֮ǴڤȻһǺ취һͨ߸и£СܶⷨǷˣƷҲܽռ֮ǽռĿռ䷨쵽棬ֻԼʹðˡ
һ˼ʱ̨ٴδһӢŮָҳǧʯ
⻰ɫ΢䡣һƷҲİʯһĲ򡣶ƷãҲǷ巭һǧʯˡŮһھǧʯ㹻ƷԿǵͼƷˡ
ⱨۣһͷЦܹռ䷨ԺһҪƿռ䷨һһԴҰ̾ΪαķֲǮ
ͷһתͨĸƷҲԽף඼ϰʱԼΪҲֻ˲Ը⻨Ѽ꣬ʮʱƷ
㣬ָˣֻҪΪˣ絽ˣָˡ
˭֪ʱԭֵŮ֮УƷƾȻƼʲôԾĶһ㣬һС
һתͷȥѯʣƷĿŮһۣȻŴûŮǵӢĽ֮УһԪڵķơ


һ ٽ
Ӣӷƣ
һüͷһԭӢĽһȫ඼жԹƷƶ˫ް£ΩһԪڵķȴǴûм
뵱ħ֮սԴ֮أȻûмӰӣһ֣һʱף뿪磬һ֮УСҲͲֵһˡ
ŮȻţһ㶼֪ȻҲ֪˽٣һԺƷƵ
ɾʵˣ˵ȴ˱ţҲã㿴ĪʦԾҪǶһߣƸǱǳ뱲֮г֣ǳ֮󣬱֪һ棬ʹӴ伣һ֮УʵȴҪǶǿһߵġ
ԭˣ
һ˵ͷԽʶųȥ׽˷һ˿ϢԸӦ֪ԷѾ壬Ȼǳ룬ȴʵʵڱȺƷҪһ㡣Լ֮һصϣȻ鱦
һԷƶſƷ뵽ʲôݸһЦŮʣǴ֮һҪ԰æȰ˵Ŷ
һһ㶣ϣƷнſڵԩңӢĽ֮УһŮӣѾ㣬ֻصʦҲϵٽӢӷƣӢӼ軨ƾǸСһˣӿɶҪĽˣ
⻰һ¶ЦȴҲ֪ǺƷЦ˼ȴ뵽һˮȹֳ籦Ӱ
ʱ䣬ҲӺƷƿдѩԭ֮ǰѩƷƣ˾ͽͬһλɢ¡
ϼѣɢɵĵ֮£ﵽ۷ΪȴΪһأȻһ׷ڶɽ֮СδˣԲ䡣
һ˷ƷƸħšۿ˵һˣ˭֪·ɱһһ˾ͽ˵ͬʦܣõѩۣӺƷյ󹬣Ȼ˿Ƶٴ޺ۡ
úƷƵĻ˵һҲħǣǵƣ֮СһҲڹ˳֮ſ͸ġ
ʦ㱻ǾŮߣҲ֪ʲôұȻ䵭ȴΪٵӰ죬ƷһħѰң꣬ҶҪһὫӷнȳŲģ
һͷģŻعǷǱߡֻʱһ׿ռ䷨Ѿǵǧʯ˽мۡƵʯ֮ҲͣƮȻȥ
ƷһԹĶһ׷ȥһ˼οʱѾڵӣǡаħȥҲûʲô˵
߰ɣʣµʯüʱΣҲöһһЦһЦٲƣͳ׻ȥ
һһʣʯһɾ˼նɱħƷŸƷƣСף̣Դ¶˴һʺϵƷװ
װǶĵӶûУԽһˣһһ˵սĳɡ
ʯɾ׻Ҳ꣬¸Ҳûʲôôģһ˳¸Ҳֱͣ泯ȥ
ȥã¸⣬һһȺ˾ۼΪ׼֮бǻ
ֽôôɲҪˣһ˿ǴһƱ㹻ǽ壬ıǮأ
ٺ٣λֵ֣Ҳ֪ĳǼ˾߲·ˣżŮӣһԶ˼ɫԡ
̰ɫ˰ˣȻˣŮӶ˰ɣֵƣʲôӣȻ㶼ԡ
˵ɶŮӲ֪ʲôʧķ裬ȻһСӻ죬ҵ˼ûУҪ뿪ǣûлˡ
ףȻ£ָŮϲˣּȻ㲻ҪˣǾøҰɣ
˵ǣֵҲҪʣ֣ֵȥץһ԰ɣ
ŶȻλֵ뷨ĳȻϲǿ˵ҲһΣֻ氲ŵô죬ǣǶԲ˶߰
¸¡˵£ֵֶΣ׼ܲˣͷȥˣҲòǳ֣ǻȥһСӵĺá
ԭˣĳûй˼ˣˣҸջֶθǣ·ֵ߰ɣ
˵ͳһ̣ǻԵ㣬׼һݹ׷ȥʮɫӶȥ


һ ·㲻
һŮһ·棬δע⣬Ҳû̫ٶȷУǷɳʱȴͻȻͣ
ʲôˣΪʲôͻȻͣСѯʵ
һüͷһתͷ˿󣬵Ǻһβͣ
⻰ŮһƷæѵǷŻħôô֪ѵ¸ǵϢɣ
һҡҡͷϢǷţȻЩаҲħİԵħ룬Ҳ˰ɣ
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⻰ŮҲ׷׵ͷͬ⡣һŮ⶷ת˸ȥûɶԶһٴͣΪоβͻû˦ѡ
ͷһȡһ¸̧һһ㸡ֳ΢΢
Сһû뵽˾Ȼ׼ֶ׼ǣǸ
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̱С׺ͺƷƶʾŭ⣬ҲߺһĨĨͷϻһ˫ӵ˫ȻҪһµֵıͽ
һŮԲֹֻ˿ң˫΢Уǹһ˿ЦȻˣǾָɾһ㣬ý֦
һ飬С׺ͺƷƶʱʲôǼСѾͷȻĵ˵ͷΪ֪硯¶ʱ˸óԿˡ
óǡ䡯˿һҵһʺϵĵطȻһЦŮǷɳ۶ȥ
֮һǣ˴ϰϰ羰ȴȻһæУɽ󴨣ĺǵʮ⡣
ͷ羰ãһƿռХһʮݹȺռͣһΧǰΧ
ʱһɫݹִ֮߳ȣ۾Ůȴ˼٬ƣȻһǿҲ׼װ˹ġ
ֻһгĵȴԳԾסͷɧʾ˲æ֣Լֱǰ
νδ꣬׻ûȥּľˣλ˵ӣνԵʹȻһһᰡ
һ״ﲻ֪˼ֻֻǵ˵ȻлѵԵȴҲδأֻľĳϲô˴羰˵ɧţȥɣ
⻹̸䣬̽һʵûһһھʹֶκģʱɫһ䡣ֻû˵һȺӸ
ٺ٣֣СӿǲʶļһȻˣ㻹ϻʲôֵ֣ܳɱˣС椵治һʣµǸ缸Ҳа
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ԣԣԣϰһŮ񹦣ÿʹãһС
һ࿡Σ˵ηĹӸڻʲôû˵꣬㻯˲Һ˶ûзӦѾ͵ʹ
ĹӸæȥץһֻȫѪۣͬʱžһµһضȻһͷ
ʲô㾹ҳˣһӸſһ
ΣûҪѾʴˣ˵ĲһһԵСףϰһ⽣Ӱ½ɵģԪΪںϽɵն
նһҲ棬ǷһĶȻпȽϬò̾һ壬Լ
ڳЩӸһǸɵүһǼԼˣûпֶһۺĴ˵ҪʲôʲôǸ˵Ҫʲôͬʱÿ˶ųһ׼һ
ʱڳΨѣסˣĿһһ۵ǵʲôˣ
һԣǹһ˿Цҡҡͷڲ⣬δ̫˰ɣѾ·ǾȻҪǻҪʲôˡ
⻰ЩӸڵȴ׷šɱҪͳ
һ״һһ˽һͳ˳ȥһգۣѪƮ𣬾ȻӸ統նΡ


һһ һ
һԣֱѪԪӤкڵĹӸֶεĻᶼûУֱѪ
һĻһȺӸһ㶡Ȼ竣Ҳûбŵֻæ˿һ룬ԶԶһ
һ״Ҳֻǽһӣƾһʣ˶ǰ軨һ̾Ѿڽռ֮С
һߺֵǣһһռ䷨Ҫǹһ򾡣ҲҪ֣һɱѽ
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뵽һ־ɱˣҪǶһȺӸǶŭһٲƣ׷׽ֶʩչ
һڿռ룬һжԺ֮Сһڴһʲô֮УСףƷƣ̶ֳΣͬʱиԴͳ¶ˡ
ԭһҪһȺӸ֣Ϊħ׷ɱ֮ǰ˵ͷ˷׷ʩչֶξͳһȺӸɱȥ
֮УʵǿȻӵѪмСףȫƿ˿籲Ҳ͸ħĺƷơŮһǰ׹⡮նһǺ⡮˿籡
ն׹ЩӸ緢ֶΣ׷׶ѣûһ֮УǶǿ̵ķҲննð޹⼱ѡ
Ʒʩչ˿籡һ󡣺Ʒһ˫֮£ΪǾ綼ħ߾硣
ȻʱȻħŮģһĶׯ̬ǹȴ˿籵İ£ЩӸ֮Ȼ󣬶ֻ࣬ѹûл֮
Ůʵǿ󣬳־ͷֱѹͬԪӤкڵĹӸ硣ԪӤڣԴ¶ħڣҲƾŽ͸ֶһѹһԪӤкڵĹӸ硣
תۼ䣬Żʢ˵һȺӸ磬˵ˣʣµĶʤѹƵģֻʣ´µʼٸվ
Ҳ֪ԼһСᵽ塣ݺô꣬Ҳûߵ壬ΪԷŹһأҲٴηһ
ʾĿһ㵽˭ȻֶΣһ֪֮ЩȫɵĹɱǣһᱻ׷ɱġ
Ŷ׷ɱһ¶һ˿ɫü˵˼ҷǿѾɱڷѵǻϷҲɣ
״Ϊһ֮ģæȰ˵ģɱȫǷϲǾ˵ȥĳյ̽գ棬ʱ¾ǳеǱѹƣҲʲô顣
һԣ˼ĵ˵ͷô˵Ҳǰҳеˣһøлǿ
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ʱһ𵴻֮ߴһߵ˲Ǳˣһ
һֶΣɫ͵һ䣬æһЦľֲҪ⣬ĳ˵ЦʵľֻҪǣҾˣԺ໥գ໥հˣ
գһһЦǲղ˵һաǶԴԼˣܹĻ鷳Ϊô
ԣɫһ˼ָһʲôѵ±׷ɱ
׷ɱһмҡҡͷѾڷźħ׷ɱϣ˵˵һЩССֵ׷ɱô֮еһɱһһȺɱһƬ
ʲôźħ׷ɱ㣡һͬʲôħһ㡣
һ˵ͷǱ׷ɱһ׷ɱҵһϣȻǵɱңҲ
ȻһĻҲ֪û·ˡһ˲䣬һŭһֵǣ׼񱻷źħ׷ɱƴ£һܵõħνʱ˵壬ǷҲ
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ɱͿԵõ󶥼ν
ֵƴɱѽ
⻰һʱ֮䣬ЩдĹӸ籾ɱﵣһͬʱһը촫ȻСףƷ˱ѹ˻


һһһ ű
һ۽һû뵽Լ󶥼׷ôջȻЩӸ罫ƽʱ÷ųıֶζ˳
˵Щ竣С䲻ܴȫзɽٸڱ󡣲Щ㲻ʲôΨһ鷳ǣźħӰôûʽ׷׷ɱңһ仰Ƿʽ׷ɱ˶Ҫ׷ɱңһ㲻ǲľԱҲҵ֮ˡ˿μսǵǿʵħһӭͷʹȴڸı¡ҲҺôʱǶ׼űͷҲܶࡣʱһˮһһƬ󺣣÷ħҲңҰʹɱֵĺûᣡ
һˣһԺ֮бӿ뷨Բߣܵġס֮Уÿб׼
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ħɱǿҲϳԿһţֻҪסһ;ܽɶնɱ
Ŀ£ϸ˿ûڿ֮гһȥⷨѾƵʵĵز֪˻һֶΡ
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һĻȻͻأ֪ԼѾӮˣһץһָһŵЦľģ㲻ǾԼôôڱץס˰ɣϵóǹűҲⱦ棬Ҳҫˡ
ҫһЦһЦ˻ʲôҫҫҵǿԴģ
ľģͷҲű㣬ɱ㣬Ϊľ磬㲻žһԣǲ
һŶһȻƬ̱ͣͷһǹűֻÿһűãűҲֻµȻˡ
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ŭһһץסԼһ߽һۣһƬƬâ֣ԭȲװǻ֮ãɱαװĺñ
һһУû˿֣ϷʵЦţƺǱץˣԹ۵·ˣԼȻ˿ۼϵķâҪʺʱſڡ
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˵䣬һһһԭڿռ֮еĽ׷׶գۼ䣬ռġ󡯶¶š
һӹꡯһɫϸ˿˲նϣһһץ⣬һĮЦݡ
ôԸ˰ɣ
һһʣȴһֺʵĸоȻҲû׼öԷشὣգһ⻮ǡͬ롣
һΪʱһҽвŴзɳһȭͷСѪɫĺ˾Ҫƿշߡ
ԭˣǼķѰҲѵãȻҪҫҾ͸ɣ
˵䣬һһҪԲ֮дһɳƵĹӸɫͱ䣬ȻѸǴ
ԱȻǱģ
һɫһҷŹһӣнֺϣѸٽС˱һ̣촫ǽռ䶼òûһ˿϶˳


һһ ٴż
һ仯һҲ벻û뵽ԭһȺӸ澹Ȼ˱ʩֶΣΪʱըһĴڡ
ԪӤһĹӸͬʱըӦΪħ֣֮໥֮£Ȼӽһ
һ˲䣬Щڽ֮УûܵһӻĹӸֻüɫһûкûһع֮С
ը֮ΧҲǴһһֲȻըһ϶ֳ
ȻһնĺӵһΪը׼Էǵûˣⱬը֮ͳ϶ȥͨһ£Ȼ˳ȥ
ҲǸݽɫĺ˳һ߶ԪһǻѪ籡ȻѪ֮һǿƶĺ˾ͻһ籼۶ȥ
ʧȥɶݣٶȾͿ˲١ټѪݣĶݹգۼʧߣʱ򣬲Żص𷽲µ
ľģӼסˣһģ͵űħ׷ɱӵĹͰɣ
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һߴոʧһԭأС׵ˡ
ô죬ѣǵϢһᴫȥȥɱӳǣû֪ǵĴڡ
ǵһҽ֮ӳĺµˣɼǱȻԹԵȥɱˡһȺ˾ۼЩһһݵ㣬˵ֲѾӡǣֻҪǾӲˡΪԷһȥȴһ߱ɱ˾ǣѭǰӡ׷ȥ˵һҲҪһɱڵĹ
鰲׵һתֶΣӦķ򣬺ȻЦ𽣹׷ȥ
ȻĳЩǣûʹٶ׷ȥҲһʱ䣬㿴ʩչѪݡ
ʱƺҲĴڣһ͵ھѪӿٶȣһŭӾȻм޿ֵӡ
һ״˼һת֪ԼĲ²û¶Էоݵ߱ĸǡΪ˻ûȬֻҪǶɽٸԱҼǶɽٸִڣҲɰȥ
ǵƣһ˵˼ٶԷŻһ֣ΪԼѾļƲߡ
һ׷һһʱ䣬ԶԶıɸоһɹһ˼һȻ˶ѵҲ´˲ɣ
ɵĽˣʶһɨʱǱ߶˸סԭǱ߶ʮΧһˣǱΧĲǱˣǰ׻ϼķơ
÷Ȼƾһƿܹһʮ磬һȺ˶ǲĺ֣ԽҲԳ֧Ǽȥ¾ҪʧܣһȺС
һǹһ˿Цһ٣½Ⲣû׷ȥ
Ϊȥûо˭ͷײҪײˣˣȻҿˣһͬʱˣҲһһԪڵˣĪʦһ顣һǳְһæɣҲһڣȻ񻹲ûȥΪԺҲáΨһ鷳ҪݣǷҲҪ֪˭źáˣûùҲܰһæ
һһӻͳһȻһЦ¼Ԧݹ⣬ԾٶȾ׷ȥ벻գ۱׷ȥʱոռԦĺǰΧȦΧ
һȻԶǰٶ׷ȻоãûԼľȱܾܲȵԼ⣬ֻǷλǰˣλֵȫɱˣ
⻰ԭΧסƵʮ弶ֶ񿴹һĺˣĺʱһһ㶡
һΧĺŭһһץסĺˣʵ˵ʲôӱɱˣ
ץסĺˣ궼΢΢һ¶ԷԼæǰӱɱˣоǴǷźħ֮ͨˣǾץɲűɱġ
ǰһ䣬һȺֻɫѿõڶ䣬֪һȻǷħ֮ͨˣʱֱɫֻʲô޹أǿʲôһ
ۣӣȻɱŵӣϷӽ׽ûȥһҪܣ
ֵ׽ĺ֣ռʱ֪Ҳȳֱһһ˹


һһ ¡ס
ӵȶһּ֣״Ϊ̫ԶûպʱΧƸû취֣һжһ˿Ľͼʡ
һִеӣ¼зݣΪܹ̣ץסҲһݺô
˻һϱиӦͣΧƵļҲɤӣȻڷźħͨˣжһαɽ
ԣһҲЩУֻһץĺˣһֿһ
һҪһգŴٱϸһԭصÿһ˿߶һɣϻ˸ĺ⣬ȻǴ˶档
ңɣ
һһָһ㣬һ콣ֱӽסһֻһӣһöӡ˳ͷȥ
һȻñӡʩչһ͹ˡнﲻǽĳ̶ȡԿƱ׾ıӡٶȾȻ䣬Ѿɵǰ
ӱΪһԪӤΪֵܵסԼŶԷǷħͨڳ֮£Ȼķⶼû׼һ£һý߶ıӡʱͳ˴
һ죬ӡ׾Ӽæõķ⣬Ӳȥžһ죬ԲͷȻһȻըѪɽ졣
Ϊɱ˵˾ȻһзɱһĻڳ˶סһЪ˹ĴдͷʬдǾѣǻŴµʵԡ
㾹ȻһҪ
ͷʬ֮У͵شܳһͷ­СӤݲǷűͷ˭ˡֻһСŤԳ֮ɫǰĵʮǧ
ҪҵǸհɣ
һһҲ˵̧һ㣬Ǳӡһͬѩһ׷ÿһһ鶯Ϣ
ԪӤ̳һɱȥЩᣬһöȻͻӲҲã类עӡһԭء
ͬĻĺˣͱץסٱЩסǶãҲˡ
գۼ䣬һԪӤһĺ˶ʵʵۡۡȻҲöη󱻱ӡһȥˡ
ʱһں֮д츮츮ŵˣ
˻һڳƺһ㣬Ľ֮֮֮⻹һ˿־壬־ĶȴһˣʲôңԶĴڡ
츮츮ţ⻰һ˼һ
һöӡǵȡǴ壬СӡʹñΪϽ¶ݡ˭֪һգۣͱˡơݡ
ǡ츮šҲ֪һҷڣǽɺͶ֮Ĵڣ˸֣ҲֹһԱǷҲ
һ뵽Լܹš츮šĵݣӰ죬ԼҲ˳ܹ鷳⣬ǹһ˿Ц
츮ŵӣЩа˲²ϣԸڴ˴Χɱˣ˵ħʢвԡк֮£츮Ųɱ¾գǲòˡ
⻰Ż۰Ͱϣһڸַ׷װһ͵ȳֵӶ
ֻǶѾ䵽һУҪҲˣǴʱʮأһײƳɱҲûбİ취ԽһҲû˷ֱһ䣬ȱֳһɱ˹
ɱ˶Ǻ֣Ȼһһͽɱȴһɱֻ͵Ϯ֣ӸûзӦˡ
ȻȴûһɴУֻǷųһסһ˷ųһһɱ˹
һֱһúáһˡ츮šͷýֻ߶ˡӡӭȥ
˵һڷһͨΪеĻ󷨶н֮Ҳİ
ټ֮⣬ԼһʺԶͬ٭ԪʲôֶζֻҪӳԭʵɣԽڳкɱƬײ
һΣûչֳǳֻǲһͨǡӡһǿֵģʵϣעȴڷǱߡ


һһ 
ȴ˵һǱΪ˲ɹһõķһ飬û뵽©ϢȻһȺаɸΧһʱ֮Ѳ
˭֪·ɱһ츮šӣնɱһаɸ֣һסˡ
˵ҲһһնɱΧѹҲһͷһʼڳ׼ֶΡ
ͷƿɱ˼أΧȦô֣ɫһ䣬˫Ҳƿ״߳һһָֻԭǧƵĿУ˲ޱ
һаɸִãҪ鱦ƿǧҪ͹һˣ
⻰ڳڸƺ׷ʲô״Ҫԣ÷Ƴɹ׷ʹ߸ֶΣŭžͳȥ
ֻж꣬һʵʮȻ鱦Ȼȫ׼һʮںĶһȺ֡
Щֹֻ鱦öɹûȽ׷ն顣ֻǸոմ飬һźڶƬ֮б㴫˵
Ԩ䣡
û£Դͷ֣Ȼһҽеķ䡣Ѱ۷Ʒ䣬Ѱ䲻ͬЩͷ˶СĶǼСڣɡ
ЩԨ䡯һɳȻЩǷ䳲аɸ֡ۼװȥȻӲڻ֮Ͻһ
⻹ʲô͵ǣЩһιƣûģһתβʼǷ
һʱ䣬ֻЩаɸǰһǹֵ꣬Щ֮лżӼķ̾ȻרƷ֮Чܹ͸屦⳯Ǵ˹ȥ
ЩаɸվǼЩȻȴҲǼʱˣ֮ԭɢĶ䶼ʧ
ֻǼʱڷҲѾ㹻ˡһЦ߳һ˫ƿб״ͬʱͷƿҲб
һʹƿע֮У˲ռ𶯣֮Ȼ磬仯һռ䡣
֮ȣ
һȻҲӲһƬռ䣬ͬʱ꿴ʷʱһǼҲгɾСռȴֻйűļ𣬻㲻鱦ˮ׼ƿȴʵʵ鱦
ʲôϵʱһͻȻУлѳҽʩչһȺаɸѾֻҲвܶͷǰһ
һԣ֪Ƽ鱦ΪϾ磬һʮѾʮ˲ãӦû뵽ԼȻ֣ˡסҲ±ϳʰֶξͳȥ
ѭȥһ֮һ׷ɢȥ˰ٲоЩ΢ռ𵴣ǰԲֻճһӰִƿķơ
ūҷƣһɢޣαΧлимֻǴʱʩ޷ʩ¡
ԭǷӣ츮ŵľƳ񡣽μȶȻ
˻һȻ֪ΪԳɢޣȴҲҴƼһͨӡʩչˡ츮ֶҲ
໥άһ֮һƶͷ˼һʵһȺͽѹȻ鱦֮ȴȻЩѽҴ͹ȥһһҲ˽¡
ü΢Ҳֻ취һɵɵݣԼ鱦Ȼ֣˵ͷӦ
ڷ鱦ƵĿռ֮УҲһ֣бһ͵һаɸֵڡ
ʱаɸ֮ĴߣʱıҪ⻪һתһͳ
аɸַӦҲ죬תһȻЦСӣúãץ㣬ǳǲòߣ
˵䣬аɸһ«һɹɺ̤Ʋͳһɱһ״һЦݣ̧һףӡ֣ǧҲɱȥ
һɱаɸֱΪȻƴȫһһͥŲģȻ֣һɱȻÿ˫վ˭Ҳò˭
аɸŭ׼ʩչֶεʱһҲںٺһЦһָͷӡһƣ
һһ˿ľͻأаɸ֣ǷƶһٶȥԭѾûаɸֻ֣һһֳ֡ӡվԭء


һһ ̫ټ
ľѣаɸȥˣƵصһߡ
һüͷһָָСӡЦǰ˼ӳ֣ӳһܹݻ츮пռ֮ұռֻ֮Ҫһʱ̱ܹɻҰɣ
ӳַڲؿռ䡭ԭˣ֪ѻܽˣǷһ𺦣ưŰɵʵ
һԵһЦӷģӳַʮۺЩ˵ȸͲ⣬ʱһһǵģ֮ǿ
ԭˣǾ͵ľ˴ˣȥһطɣ츮һЩţɵ˼֡
һԵ˵ͷڵװģ߶ӡʼʵȴǷԼĽռ֮ȥˡ
Žռаɸƴֵ⣬Ǿ͹һ˿Ц̧һָһɫֱͺֶΣֱӽѹſڵء
û뵽ú֣һϼȻСط׷ɱһɢŮӣ治֪Щô̶ȵģһǹһ˿мЦݣؽ֮˳
ʱʶΣȻǱĿаɸһһ㶣Ȼ򣬴е㵽ʲôˣȻƭҵȣѵǳǵͷɣ֪˭ǡ
û˵Լݣһ⵱ͷ£ֱûѨԺʱޱʹĸֶ̲סʹ
һһЦв˵ʲôͻشʲôû飬Ƕ죬һξͲôˡԼĴˣ
аɸָոջ͹⻰һ˷ŭԹ޻һ˿־壬ʻ뵽ŵʹ㲻ľ͵˵ͷ
һһܺãץ²ӡ㣬ʲôˣΪҪΧŮ
аɸԣɫ΢䣬һתȻʲôƣʱһֱٴδԺ֮СһαϴθݣӽӡڣʹӷĲҽ
Ҫ滨ﻹʮˣҲɱһһĮ
аɸʮŻһΣһȫǿ־壬ΪоԷĲںԼݣɱԼ֮鷳ֻҪԼһԾһοĻɢˡ
˵˵Щǣǻаļɵгϡһ׽÷ƣΪһϵ̫ʼ֮桯һزأһزغų켶ˮ׼д˵Ϲʱ򶥼ɡ̫ϵһַЩܹȡزأʵἱпҵ鵤ҩɽٳɹһһٳΪɡԡ
ԡĻаɸҲ˵һҲ֪һʱȻϵ̫ϵ̫ƪʹù࡯֪һֲΰĴڡ
˼һԭ׼¾ߵ˼ʱһ仯һָסаɸ֣ӵ㽫塣
һһֽŶڰвʹˡƿռķҲֻôһЩˡ
ľѣˣЩаɸֶΣҲܸ飬һʲô©պ鷳ƶһΪӡ󲻴ſȰ˵
޷ǰ·ʮЩаʿֵܹ֮Ѿת˼óƼȥӳְɣ
ȻˣǾͷˣ
˵䣬תۼ䣬һһаɸǰһǰ̵棬˵ͽԼֶʩչռռ֮ͬʱáӡ㶷ϰٸغϣŽаɸץ
һһֻƬʱѯʳϢȻǰһЩȴҲࡣعٴγһаɸɱȥ
㣬һʮΣһͽʮаɸַӡԼռ֮Сͬʱѹǡ̫ʼ֮桯̫͡ϵزص˸
ֻǴ漰ƵܣŮȻû̫ϵȴҲֻ֣ܽͷ
аɸּѾҲͽǿռ˻صϡȻһмһ츮ŵӵͷ˵ʿõˡ
Ѽ֮һȻ̫ϵַҲ𷴶ãʱ˼һתߡ
˭֪תȥʱ򣬷Ƶĺסľ


һһ ͬ
һתȥӻʲôô
ԣüһأʲôͷľһ»ѰæĶôҲǱεл⡣
һ롮̫ϵĺûˣһٸϷֻϲһ㶣һȻѵЩаӶΪ¶
Ƽһ²ҲϣͷľѹȻǻ۳ˣЩ֮׷ɱΪ˴¡֮ǰһزͼףغһϹŴɣ̲ظֱءֻǱռз죬ֶΣܽ衮ƿƿһ㣬һǾΪһܹƿձֻǱãҲȴҲֻɻһ㡣ҺҲƿֶΣһͬǰȥ̽ӣܴ򿪵ڶ㣬кôӦ㹻ѳ壬Ҳɡ
˵û˵ʲôطһҲ˵һǡ̫ϵͷһϲҲڸǣͷȻȺ£֪ⱦںδ
ȻʶһʱһıֿνͶƣʰһһϷŲһˮһѯʣҲ㽫̫֡ʼ֮桯̫͡ϵַһ
Ȼһ֪£֮ɲɵתͷƵıҲԴ졣
ӽܸңѵҽϢй¶ȥô
ľ˵Цˣŵһ֮аħ鱦Ҳ̰ģƷҴ¼Ȼаħ֪Ҳ˶þͻ˽֪ˡаħ֪ߵû㣬οͼֻУ˾ֶΣҲ̫ϵĴţҲй¶ʲôġ
ԭˣȻӿңȻֻǴشһмͬʦǣӵҽǴ򷢻ţһͬǰȥΣ
ԭˣȻľѻͬţһ֮󣬾ڴ˴棬ȡ֮Σ
ãһ֮ľĳȻԼ
Լ£û˵һͬʱݹͷݶȥ
ȴ˵һһ·ݹɵڣСڲ࣬㽫˻Ҳڣͽŷ˵һ
̫ϵַС׶˫۷Ź⡣ȻΪΪ԰ȴ֪̫ϵһڣЩҩ統ǡɵڡ̫ϵֻ֮ǵı߽ϾͰæҵ̫ϵַǺôͲ֪жˡ
һ֮һίСٴζƵɻ󡣱ò׳һˣŮЩԸ⣬뵽̫ϵҲͶͬˡ
˺һǷӡסʮаɸ֣ԪӤĺ˶ٻһȴûɱ֣ϸϸǸԼԴµĲ֮·ӡӿռȥˡ
һҹ޻ڶһһͳǰԼȥǰŸյϾһƬɢһӢʮŮӣǷɡ
ľˣȻ׼ˣߡˣѽȻ٣ƶȴ˶ĿǵѲһ
һһϲ٣Ȼ̤֮֮ͨҲһ£Ҳ˳һƶݵĸоһҴͶͷƹ⡣
̤ƹ⣬һо뽣ݵĲͬ˵Ѹ٣ȴֱ̫һһȥû˿ʿԡƶͬٶȻȴ࣬վɵ˵Ƿɶ֮˵ƶĴ󴲡
ȷƽǰ˵һϢһ״ҲֻǷֳһʶԷһ˳ƾ͵
ƼѣӡͲ֣˵ͷͼԦƹ⳯ȥ
Ǵſڣǵɢƹ⣬ƹøһԶ봫ʧ
һʶע֮£ʹ˶ʮŴδʮŸطһͼмأʮطȴ©ûм¼
Һ󼸸ȴڼϣԶ·ҲʹһһպһҪͼ룬һ·ҲǵͬԸƿ
ʮŴδͣǽɣҲ˽һʱ䡣÷ƽһѣѾһµ硣
粢֣ڶڣһƬߡ֮ԼӰҿܹݵصģȻߡ
ڶ˸ոصʱ򣬱мֱ䵽ǰһȻ֪ʲôȴҲҲǹһ˿Цݣ·˴¡


һһ ̫ʼ֮
⼸˴ԪӤΪǲһһͷƶˣһԪӤڣһǺ֣ȻǻǿʱЩ顣
ͬҲһ֡ɫһϲſǰһֵλѿǵһ̫ʼ֮棬ǵһΣҸλһǶ顣Ƕ֮кԪӤʮС
˾Ȼ֮е죬˵ѯʣھͽǵĶжóóмǿȵȣһͷһ㶡
Ƿƿһı飬˼΢΢ͷƺȷʲô飬ʿ˵ͷϵʱһ̧סʿϲݽ
λѣˣʦܶ˲ʱɢˣѾյѶţϾҵԡ
⻰ȻԡֺĻû˵ʿҲ˼ȻЩɨˣ뵽˾Ȼɵӣɢ޲ͬҲɫ˵ͷȥˡ
༸˱ڹֳ˻׷ȥͬʱȥĻʮ˷ʶ
Ƽһɻı飬͵ľǳв֪̫ʼ֮˴ļϹŷ֮һϹżƽﲻʿɢҲ˴ֻЩϹżиֻ壬νǻΣղ档ʿãɢ޾Ͳòɶ룬±ûõҲˡ
һԣ𵱳ΪµʱҲˢֵΪһǶûоû뵽ΪгɾȻ
Ҳ֪һʲôֻǲŶҲǺ£ν涯ġٶѾԭĿģ۸ˣñʱ˵ڻҡ
˵һ˿ɫƺйľܿͻָ͵һľ̽ѰַǾܣ֪ҪΧԷѳʦܣ¡
һգ˵ͷ޷²ӦˣԷΪʵҵʦҲ顣ľĳǵһ̫ʼ֮棬һжˡ
΢΢һЦһҲá˿ܣ㲻ļһһͳһȥ
˷һʱȷû˸֮󣬲Ŵ֮зȡ鱦ƿָһ㣬һɫʵķɳ
󷨾һָǷ֮ϣһһ׹͵سֱããУԭһС̫ܶʼ֮Ƭ׹֮¾Ȼ׷׳Գһͨ
ľѣһҹշܹ͵ϴӡǵĵط
ԭˣ⵹Ƿ㲻٣ˣɣ
ԣ˵ͷһжݹһ״Ҳ𣬶һǰһͳǹ֮ȥˡֻƲ֪һڷͬʱƾһץץʲô
ȴ˵ڶݹ֮һǰһ󣬷һƶ֮һʩչݣٶȶǼ졣һգ۾ͿԷϳʮأһȴ˲֪ãð׹⽥ͣ
ȵð׹⾡ɢȥƿ˿ң¶һ˿ϲɫһ״ѯʣץһţȷʲô
ľѣһ̫ϵż汾Ƭ赲һʮ˦ѡһǰżĽǳ籩áǰżĵ·ϵƬ˾ųɣҲ٣Ϊһʡ˲ٹ򡣡
һԣǵһЩ飬ѯ䡣ƺʱŶһϻӴ򿪽̫ϵΧĽһһ˵
֮һ̾ǳ籩ȻܹǳһֻΧֶΣôȥʱ侹ȻãǵϹδ֮ʱָ֪һ羰
ŵһľ̾Ҳ̾Ϲ֮󲻽ʧ֮ҲʧǡľѼ£ҲǸ̾һûжԹκβ֮⡣
һԣ뵽껹ǷʱĽɵȷʵͬ÷֮Զٸݡ츮ôȻùܣ˵޷˵ȥ
ȴ˵ڶѰ̽صͬʱϣԭһ˵ĵطһȺаɸƼڴˡǳһ֮һڶʩչʲôֶΣһڵĺӵص״
ۣȻģأԵô͡ȴǸʩչֶΣһĽɢһƵͼƮɢ


һһ ضǱ
̫ʼ֮УһʽĽ䣬׹ټۣ˶һͷơûշ·ǶֻܼܶݹУȻٶȲȴЩ鷳
ʱһСɽһƬӭ泯ײæľСģƬйŹ֣С
һԵ˵ͷһ·Ѿ̫ʼ֮Щν֮ͬҪ˵ƣЩӽ޵ĸо޲ͬǣЩǸԪᣬȻǿȴֻбܣûǻۡ
СɽһƬһҲԾһЦӡʱĥϣԽԽܷӳƷдĦַ֮ǲýû֪һޡ
ӡһųֶһסͬʱʮƬһʣ㽫ֱ֮
˲䣬һ˿ɢһʶͬʱֵĻһڹ⵱ͷ£ϸһڹ֮оȻһͷ紩ɽף죬
һһ˿飬˷ɽʮ⽻֯һʩչһоһﵱٿȴûѪˮֱӻڹɢ
ľѲǽҲϬǴɳ˺ĽֻһߵﶼǺһѻСЩǡ
弶˵Щ鷳վȴӷģľĳʡã
Ƶ˵ͷҲ˵ٴγǰȥ˲ԶֳһصȻǿ˲١
Ǻ֣鱦ƿһȻֻʩչҲԺɨһ
Ϸ֣һ־ɱ֣ٶȼҺݣԺһ·ȻãȴҲоա
һַҹһƬ֮Сǿط޲ͬһͷȴеһ˿Ϥ
ƿ˿ܣͷݹһõЦݵ˴Ҫķʮ£ľѰæȴǿ˲١
һƴ䣬˼ɳԾӵ˼̫ϵżڣ
Ƶ˵ͷ̫ϵżǴ˴ȴֲڴ˴Ϊżǹ̶һΧƮҲǿŸӦĴڵġ
˵䣬Ϊ˱ʾԼΣָָСƿһ
ԭĪһһʼ鱦е𵤺ڵʱһܵı֮еõƿ
ֻһ˵Īҵƿ֮ʱȴ鱦ɥʧ룬ƿҲвơԵɺ֮£Լһű֮ȡ֮ϣȻָ鱦
ָ鱦ġƿ죬̫ʼ֮ⱦﾹȻָ̫ϵżη֣澭ʲôӹᣬһҲûѯˡ
ƽȫһȻı飬Ǹо֮ǰľͬҲһ΢΢һЦָָյ̫ϵַڿռϺ棬ԡƿƽ㣬ǽȥǵڶҪľѰæˡ
һ˵⣬Ȼ޲Ӧ˵ͷһģڷʮ֮⡣
Ƽ״ƿݻһռ֮ǱһоȻԳһռѷ
һߡƻֽƿųһ⻪̽ռѷָ·֮áһ״ҲĴ˽ȥǷƸ
ռѷ֮һȿռ䣬ǲȽԼĿռ䣬Ƿ֣жҲ·ҪԶ档
һͷƶ˶ո˵ƿָԸ峤ʱСһ·ԼĪʱǰġƿ⻪һһɫĿռѷ֡
÷ѣһҲ֪ʲôȻһЦ˳ȥ⻪תһǰ
ǰ̫ʼ֮沢û̫ͬ޾֮ƬƯ˵ΨһʲôͬĶһ˿¶ܹܵоƺһģλƺʲôϤĴڡ
Ȼоһֻڲͷûб¶Ƽ״ɣָָоλõľѣǸ̫ϵżڣʽ̫ϵΧﲢûʲôΣգҲûʲôΪѾνȫȡߡǿԽڶΧܹɹƲ⣬ʱʱѰұжջ񣬾ȫѵĻԵˡ
һʱƣüͷ΢΢һ壬ʱͷȴֿ˻Ц˭˵ûбǱضǱﰡ


һһ ҩ
̫ϵַ֮⣬ޱ޼ʵĶǸƬѰƬûа㲻ͬһĲͬ
ΪģֻΪΪʦڸҩϤһ۾ͿЩƬͨƬֲҩҩ
ҩԴһ֣һȻɣһ˹ҩֲǰһȻɵҩѵãȴҪȻһԱʱṩҩ
ĴţǷͨῪҩĴڡֲҩͬʱҩʹȼߣǿֲܹԽԽõҩ
ڵǬɽϱеӿٵҩдиҩ֮ǿȥռؾ֮пٸõҩṩ֮á
̫ϵַ̫ʼ֮֮в֪˶೤ʱ䡣ЩҩӦʱţɢķϱɻĵء֪ʲôԭҩﾹȻʱǵûɥʧһٵļ
һҲڽӿռ֮пҩֻвżʮ꣬иֶҲڳҩֲܹһЩҩļ鵤ʤްˡ
̧дƬ֮еҩͼĶļˮ׼û˿ѣȻǻĵγɡЩһ㿪Ѻۼҩ弶߼ҩĴڡ
̫ϵϹŵɣȻһżΧ͸ôྪϲܽЩҩȫյӿռ֮Уҵʺϵҩֲ½ٲûҩˡ
һ뵽ͷһϲڴö˵Ҫ̽һ֪ᵽˣ˵һҪΧû©ıҲɣȥ
һɳأȷټԼֶΣһӳ佫СףƷƣ̻г£Դﶼ
˼һ󶼳һʱνʱһֻǼ򵥽ˡƬϾȻи߽ҩƷơ̶Ůͳ¡ԴȻϲҩʲô֪ⶫļֵʱ˫۶˸ʯĹâ
СŮȻдм䣬ҩֶ֪Ҳ֪ⶫļֵܸߣֵȡı
СףƷƣ̶ɽӿռ䣬ԴͳȻûɣҲо޴Ĵһһ£˷ͷĶռƬͽϵҩ
һǲͬϵҩĵȼ֪ʱ޲׼̺ʽѲ飬һԲҩרѡЩ߼ҩ֡
һһûεıҪʩչһգ۾ӹƬϺҩ̶㹦յ߼ҩʮ飬ҩʮ飬弶ҩǧ飬Щҩ˵Ľӿռ֮УӲһƬҩ
ͬʱҲʹӿռ֮еԳ￪ʼҩЩԳﾭʮʱ䣬Ѿ˺üнǧͷСԳΪףȻȵǿ׳٣ǿļͷѾųȥԳΪһСĴڡ
ƽһǰŵֻƺƣҴٵĵͽҩͻȻôҩӲǴߵһ֧Գæòɿ
ΪǼͷҲǿǡ࿪ҲʮִһǱ㿴ʹȥԳһ¸æ˵ʲôˡ
æµ֮࣬ͷһͷϼ֮óһİ취ǱӿڣкӣǾͿԵÿСó֮󣬱һ˫˫ɺ۶Щ׳ĸӿȥ˼
Ȼһ֪Լһٶδ֮ýӿռ֮ǧͷ֪Ҳں
ΪΪǿӿռҲԽԽǿԽԽ󡣵תɹ˿ռ䷨򣬵ʱԳһռ䣬Ľȡ
תȼ˾磬ͿԽռݻ磬֮гȡ֮Ը㣬ֻҪԶ
ȻЩǶ˵ǺңԶˣĿǰľǾȡҩȡʱ޷ʹҲԷӡպȱٵʱٺڡ
һȡʱʱ䣬ⷽԲﶼȡɾǧ֮ڳ弶ҩﶼһڴǰռֵۣһˣǾ׬ȡʮڣڵʯÿ졣
ʱ࣬ҩＸҪˣһ㻽ˣ³ڵķȥ
صԭصʱ򣬷ַƻ̽ʲôҲţֻǾĵһԣȴȥҩȥˡ
Ƭ̣ƷϲɫĿһľѣҵڶˣʱ䲻ǰȥɣ


һĶ һռ޵
һ׬һڵڶѣ˼һתͷǱƳǷȥ
˷Ƭ̣ĵش˼֣ʱ򣬷ֳ֡ƿһһͿۼžͻһŻģ
ָָŻƵΧڶŻڣǰ׼ȴҪ˴÷һ֣߸Ŀռ䷨򡣶⡮ƿȻ̺ˡ֮ȡĿռ䷨ȴֻһŻҪһ򿪣ȴֶΡ
һֶָ֪Լ˵ͷǰȥ˿Ż֮̽ʶһŷŻ֮ȻռڶȻҲýռγɿռڶЩռڶС׼ˡ
ƣѰʿûпռ䷨оҪȿռ֮ٲܳСĵ棬ܹҲҪķ̩ԪЩҲ˵
ѹƽæЩռڶֻʩչѰռ䷨ƽ⣬ֻһɵĳɹʣһּӳֵƷɵĳɹˡɼȷʵǵˣȴһԡõǣҵĽռ࣬пռ֮ҲԱ¶Ψһܱ¶޽ˣҲɻɹɼʾֵһˡ
һջʶתͷƣһ˿֮ɫƼ״ΪӳȻͷЩʧҲȡ
ľѾΣΪѣ͵ͷѰһˣ֮պѰһᱨǡ
һֹ̧ǰڶȻѣҲ޷ɽ⡣֮УʧȻǶ˴˴ǻ;ϣ´ҲԹһ֮ض
ƱΪһǴɵӣȻΪֱȱͶ־⻰ʱ֮ǰ뷨Ʒһ˫Ӣ˫͸һ˫͵Ĺ
Ȼˣҽ֮ǰ򵽵ķҲľѣȵúʹҲΪӼʤ㡣
˵žͽֵǧʯķ˹һû뵽Լһ´ʾȻЧ˵нռͿռ֮ҲòΪܹοռ䷨ʹãҲĽ˹ڵؾ
ռ䷨һƳΪСã֪շת׻ϡ˵ӡѾϴˢһҲ˺ܶ˵Ϣ
ǻǺΪҲҪϴʮ£һȴͬһС౦ľʦ˫֮£ûʲôֵܹס
̫֮ϢҲмֱɴոԣнһ飬̶̼ʱͻָ¡ԼӡͳԭǰҲղȥˡ
һδ̫ҲûжʹֶνԼĽռͿռ֮ʱСӡϡ
һУһʱ䡣ʱתҲЩʱ֮٣һΪŵӣӦطҲûѯʡ
׼ãһ÷ٴοŻһͬŻǲռڶڡ
оһ˺һȽǼǳķһɿռ䷨֮ڽ˺֮˳ǰȥ
û߶Զһռڶͻأ֣ԭǳĿռ䷨㲻ֵ࣬ס˵סˣıֱˣ죬ƺʱҪһ
ӡѹ
һ߳һӡ𣬱һ츮ֶʱӡӡ֮еĿռ֮
ռ֮ڤӵĳһԪӤһǺ壬Կռ䷨ۣǡǳǿЩҲࡣ
һЩ꣬ȴûøֶμֿռ䷨ĲͶȥʹռ䷨ǳࡣԴʱһһȣСռ֮ʱѹסռڶ
ˣһ·ܿиĿռڶ֣һһҲֱӽռʩչĵնȥѹסռڶֱӽ֮ɢ
Ƽ״ԭϻһǣʱ¶ϲɫһʱɻ;棬ȻҲһеԾֻЩԾ鹦ڡ츮šȥˣǶһû̫໳ɡ
ͷռߵĿ죬Ȼ˺ռڶԽԽ࣬ȴҲѲһռá
ǳռ֮٣ռ䡯ƻλһ壬Ȼãһսһ㣬һ·ȥ
ܿ죬˾ͿڶڵһŻʱҲĿ١


һĶһ 
ͨڶŻ֮ǰһݴСĺڶڶǰڶһռѷ죬һҪһжᵽȿռһ
һʱҪķÿռ֮ΪԪӤ֡Ѿļڣ̤Ʒųƹ⣬Ҳͬˡ
һռڶǷɫһ䣬ԴɵĿһҪ᲻ѡ
һһۣǹһ˿ЦݵӣΪҪʹֶԸһռڶǳɹڶ㴥ֿɴǲɣҲֻûȥˡ
ԣԳɣ˵ʲôշ˵ͷһãһָǿһ˿˰ȻѾڱŻܹˡ
һĵ˵ͷ¶һĵЦһġǳȻȦһָռ֮ͽռͬʱɢǻָϡ
һΣԭͨӡƲĸʧһɿռ֮˳һռ֮ʹռ䳯ǿռڶȥ
ռڶֶʵ飬һĳʲôӦһȴպóһĳһ𶯣ԭ俪ȥĿռڶ͵һݴСĺڶһ˴Сԭǿ˺֮ʱ
йŹ֣
һͷͷ˺֮ͼӳֵϣ֮ǿǽȻҲʹĸоֻ͵һռ֮Լź˼֡
ʱһɱͷӺڶ֮дͬһֱӴһԺ֮У˲䣬Ȼһĸо
Ȼң̫֮飬䣬Ͻ⣬Ϊƣƣƣ
ơ֣ÿһ̺һ֮С̫ƪ߶ΪƮ죬䡯߶ΪԵһϽ⡯߶ȻȴΪϬ绤
һͷȽӴٶġϽ⡯û뵽ȻӲסз֮
ܿ졮䡯Ҳӿȥ֮ͷų⣬͵һȻͷˣһ˿⡣
ͷҲô򵥷⣬ӳֹȻǿ֮
Ҫ֪һԴӵˡ䡯Ըа귽ĹνһξȻסҲΪԾθһгɼ£͵ؾͽ̫顯ȥ
û뵽ǣԭ׺ʨӵͷһƮġ̫ƪȻ˲˳ͬȮһ㣬ȻȥȴʧȥԭĹͣƾһκȥҲ
һͷϲԡ̫ƪΪѹᣬǴ̫ϵйأɱʹá
һ£ǳɹգ֤²ⲻԼı졮Լ⡮̫ƪȻǡ̫ϵĶǡ̫ϵй
⴫жϾӵˡ̫ϵĴйζһ£ǾԳΪ̫ϵĴˣżż֮еõô
ϲϲһȴûʧȥǣܿ㴫ͷֻһУȻһˡ
һסԼĿϲ㿪ʼԡˡ֮򵥵ļ䣬ʳ˶ԷݡԷȻ飬Ϲ֮ʱʹһƬż֮ػ̫ϵġ顯
ԭϹ֮ʱ֮ޱȣﵽһּߵĳ̶ȡǸ鱦飬ϼѵ鵤Ҳе飬з飬Ȼ顣
Ϊ̫ϵһصϹŴ󷨣Ȼٲγ顣õʮּ̣Ϲűûȫ𻵣ʱ⣬ȡָ
ڲ֪֮ǰҲӾԶĳ˯֮ѹȻʧȥˣҲ˵ְһķҩֱʡ
֮Уǰ˴żȡҲ٣ΪЩ˻һЩ̫ϵı֮࣬һֻ۱һֻ۷ŹȥҲ˼ʱʱǣȡ̫౦
һͷҲˣñܹѶȡɲɣ˼ҾӪҩһһƬʱ鲻
鲢飬Ҳûƶ֮֮¾谭סһ˸취ֳһ˿ͷ˳ԿһĻ硣
˭֪ɲ飬һϿɲһ̫ϵµשߣͳ̫ϵС֮£һͲһĵ⣬Թˡ


һĶ ո
Ϊƿ߶ɣһҲûг̸ֳһʶ֮Уһһʱϵ
ӣ͵齫ӡ͸һöԷԼжͷϵԼ
ƽ£߱˱ȣҲԸǵûаܾ˼ȻӦæķֳʶݹ
һоŹֻ֣ҪԷʶԼƿ֮УǾʲУˬĴӦ˼һ֮зֳһ֪˿û谭ľռһ
˭֪鷽Żнһ㻯һ㣬ԹԵľֹǶˣʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬лȥˣǰЩҩܸ˵ãֻǰ˸ҡɺˣλ֮ǰ˲ͬȻ˲֪٣һҲ߯˵㣬վϴҳȥֻôǰ·ϱ˿ô죬òãҲҪӰ˵æȴûսʲôģǵ˱ŴеˡţˣĲ˵̫Ȼ˯˶꣬ǵõ겼ҵ˵ֶΣҾͰ˸һǿʵҲӲ٣˵һãܰһʺϵһҾͿڵˡţã˵
˵䣬ûһڱڵԾȻ˵ʶ֮Уȡһ
ڸĹУĻ챾ɫõĵطѧŵ겼䣬ط̫࣬áط̫򵥣ɡ֮ࡣ
һȻ֪飬ȡѹ˭֪ԷԼ󣬻һھ͸졣
νһֱ֪ûСһϹŵ龹Ȼʮָ߾衣Ȼֻһ죬ྫɰ֮һ˶
ĸ죬Եķһ£ȫ죬ɡԼҪ쵽ЧûлҪѰʱȫо󷨲С
óۣһվֹ뷨ĻҲֱӷſȫֻ̫ƪʮΪֶΰˡ
ȻЩģһϷſȫҲ֪֮õΣлһͬʱǼӴ˸ȣ͵ΪһͶ
ȴ˵Ȼʲôռڶ谭Ȼӭж⡣Ϊ˶ĿһԵһȻѪȴΪõϷ롣
齲⼸֮Ȼռڶ֮չһҡʱҲƣͻȻһӾͰѺڶն
Ȼ뵽һȻܹո顣ΣճɹƹأͷҲΪˣæһƹ֮ϣݹһ鵤
һȻûˣϷҪĵ֪µҩ֮ҲϸĽ
ͨһʶԻһõϢϹʱķ飬̫ϵĴԼⷽżȵȣһʶ֮нϹʱʢ
ҲЩؼϢΪڵϹű֮˯֪̫ϵȥϹűԭȵȣȴһ֪һЩź
һҲ̰ˣȻŶպ۽ôǰĺôȴϲǱе֪ƿ̫ϵΧн󷨣Լһڲơ
ϢһУʱͷһ㺬Ǿ˵Ϊ̫ϵˣΨһ˵Ĵڣ͵ڻ̫ϵ˴żȨ
뵽Χҩڶ㣬һ㣬ڲ㣬ǸжٺôһԼҲ󲻹ѯ飬ȴҲǸͿܸһ׼ȷĴ𰸡
޷֮£һزūһļƲ룬ѯʵﵽʲôˮƽʱ
˭֪˰εȻѵõЩɬͲ˼ˣСЩȻ߾ȫĻָһƬռȱļûУԡֻеǧ֮һ
С顯һȡ֣һġáķС⻰һʧͬʱҲδ̾ϢϹű飬ɥʧ̫ʼ֮ΪûôȡѾˡ
ʱС˹ıһ仰ȫ߶Ļֻ赲Щոշ˰ɡ


һĶ 첻
ʲô˵ʲôֵܹסշˣһ⻰ǵһиƣ;
ǰշЩһǵ꣬һ˿ϢӲסȫ߶ܹ赲סڵ֪꣬һҸˡСʲôЩ˵š
ܹǾζ˼𣬾Ȼżֵס˼֣һֻǧ֮һȫʢʱǵΰˣˣϹʱδ֣˼粢̫𣬶̫ϵĴڣʵҲ㲻壬ʵҲӦʱҾڵһû䣬С˵ˣ
һȻԾҲܺܿ컺СϸϸѯСΪ֮飬ĿܺͿȴʮ˽⣬һ˵һʱ֪ΪʲôС˵ֻǧ֮һȴҲܹ赲˸֡
ԭһһǧʮСɡ켶ʮؼ߰ٶʮ
Ϲű֮󷨶ɢ껺ָŻָһؼ󷨺Ͱ켶󷨡Сǧ֮һûлָ
켶˵󷨣ؼҲҪһˮ׼ΪСƣƾԽƾһ󷨣С赲һ
ָ֮һ󷨾㹻ֵˣʹޱ׷ɱǽǶָһ˼޵ô
һ뵽ͷͷһҪ֪ǿǽƾһܹ֮һһˮ׼ɣһΪ̵Ĵڡ
޽ԼֶΰɽٸԿǽֻ˸֣ĻᶼҪֱܶܶ죬ӵҪ
⣬Ҳ޲T֮һֱĵ⡣Ϊ۷Żħ˼ֵĴڣҴܹλӶɼֹһټ϶Է鲼棬ιʲ󣬱ҵҲʱ⡣
ȻƲ⣬ΪԽԽƤʱ򣬱˵˼֣ǶɽټҲ׳֡¾µǣһδν棬ԼչֳԽǿʵվԷӡ
ʱĽɽٸ֣һĸ³һ谭ͻƣҲֻ·һ
̫ϵżĳ֣Сھ·ͻȻһܷۣܹΪڵԶȹķꡣ
ʱκıܷۣ¶ǵѡ㵽ȥȵ㹻ǿʱų֮ǰĵɱƬײ
ʱһҲ룬ϾηǿļлûѡҲͰˣѡһ˿һʱ䣬ͷԺ֮ԼҲʧ״̬
ҵٶȣԼ̫ϵַԴֻҪǧ꣬㲻ܴﵽɣҲܹתˣʱٳȥЩҲҵĶ֡ʱûʲôþµˡ
شٽǻ磬ǧ֮ٻȥ´ѹ𺦣ΰ졣ο֮Уֻ;̤;ǽĥܹɾ͡
֪Ѷ˲Ǳ׼һζǿվղɾãαȵƽ֮ģǳ֮
ԡ֮ҲǾǰһΣһĥĴûᣬǷǿϧ
ҲǻۣãеãѡɽڣûգֻҪסǲһһҪ
һң֮⣬һ鷳Ŷ뷲˻кβ𣬲ؼȢ檣ĳ졭

Ժ֮Уͷͷһֹ·׷ףʱĻµͷСȻͷ룬ȴһͷûвȥ
ǱһıģͷһͷĸԴҲվֹͷʱȴƺ˯ȥƺ˼ʲô
ڶͷõ˰Ȼûиͷֵʱ򣬱ڶˡͷĵĶʱͣĿ˹
һָ죬һָأֳֽƣĿҲһ㱣һŭݣһЦһɫ
ſͬȵظ棬ӯȱģģȻҪ֮ĴڲסۣģҪ⣬Ҫ𣬶ɢ


һĶ ʦ
˻һһֱֻͬʱ͵һӣԭڶͷһ㣬׷׷·ŵִ屾ľϹһ񣬶ӰͶȥˡ
Ƭ֮ͷȫʧֻ±ɶ΢΢һΣֱֻۣͬʱջأ»ָһģǹһ˿Цݱʧ
ͬʱһڻعŵһȻ֪֪ⲢѰ˼ң٣˽٣٣ȵĽ١
ơٿƣĽѷܹսռأظĿ飬ܹɵȴ޼ԵɣֻԼĶѡ
ΪԽţԽ˳еһʱȴܲסǰľʱĽٳ֣һֱħ֮٣ֽȱħħ¡ǶȲȥħᣬԼҲͳħͷΪĿꡣ
һֱһ㣬ûȱݣҲûħ£̼ܵһĻͷչ鱾ġһһһģ˽ữѣһһ񲣬Ȼǵˣȴڲ
Ľ٣ǰ߳Ҳа취ټǷһһǵħ̱ģ¾ҪΪʶѣ񲡣
뵽һֻñͬʱҲϲΪԼȹһ٣ٴΪһ٣֮ǰΪһֱٻͷĸָڽʺϵ·ߣһ
Ƿħ㵱Ϊ⣬Ҿ͵Ϊĥ£ұʱԽ֮գ
һͷһЦԭڲصǷһɨգһ׳־ʱӿֳһԵķƶоֻ֪һ룬ֻǷһսʲôͻơ
һ֪Լ˷ƣ֪Ҳʵò࣬һлһָ
ƸоһȻ뷽Ųͬͷ̾Ǵɵӣҡҡͷ¸ūҶлľѲǣǵܴͨ򿪵ڶ㡣
һ˵ϱ㲻ѣȻͨС֪˸Ҳй¶˵Ϣֻת˻ѯʷνڶ㡣һڵתƣڵڶ֪ҲһЩ²⡣
֮һֻһȻҲ˵һͬڶŻȥһٴγڲƬ֮УֻǰԲͬĴ˴һ˿˿ܰ㡣
һΪʦױֱҩζÿһֶ亱ҩ
С飬˵ڵڶһҩѵһ֮ࣿһСԼֵĲͬҲʮֳԾ
ѽˣСڰŪأôͻȻңһŪ˿ô죬ŪˣСҿɲѽʵʲôĶ˵ҪӰ쵽ʵ㲻ںʵСҿзϣôźò׻ָ
һѾϤСĻ죬΢΢鶯ɱٲشҵ⣬ھͰ£һ뿪ˣ
ҪѽˣС鲻һȥȴ󱯾ʹС飬ˣҪ֪ҩһ㡭ҩǧ֣֮ҩʧЩСżȻڲֿ֮ҵӣҩȼ̫ܹͣҩֻǧֲ֣ܵһǧ꣬⻹ֻһǧꡣƷҩСﻹٶꡣ
ʲô˵ʲôٶ꣡һȻܶ࣬û뵽ȻһѾѰʦʮ࣬ùҩҲֻİٷ֮һͬƷĿͷûС
ʦ벻ǡҩûɾֳôҿӽ˰ɣ
һʱ򣬷ҲȲסˣջƿ֮ӦһƬأԼһ㶣Ҳ̲סϡ
ľѣʱޣҿǻǷͷжɣȵʱ֮Ҷֱ𵯳˼䣬ʱȥغΣ
һع⻰Ǻ⣬˵ͷ÷УԸСưһЩô֮ԼҲͣǳȥ
ɵ˴ŵ͵ڶ֮ĸĤٴγ֡һأڣСѾֺҲƵʩչֶΣڸĤԶֳһŻ͵ĵ˵ͷһͿ˽ȥ
Ż֮ûʲô飬һһռ䣬Ҳ̫ϵΧһ㡣ȥȻͬƯ½ƬƬ֮иľȻһ¯


һĶ Ѫ
С飬ô£һæʵ
ˣЩ¯ȫǵ̫ϵΧãЩȻ̫ϵҪΪĵӻҪ飬ƾǧŰپʮ¯鵤򵥵ˡСһֻҪû죬򵥵Ľһ¡
ԭˣ̫ϵȻͬѰҪΪʽӾȻҪô൤ҩжֶΣɣҲҪ꿪ˣһ̾һ䡣
˵ǣЩΧӴ඼нӽΪڰ֮ɵĶǼлһ¯ɵſԻ׼Ϊʽӣǧ궼һΧӽأ
ɵһһ㶣Ƶ߼鵤߼ֻ֮һĻᣬſԣɵҩ֮⣬Ҫ𣬸ܹ󼰵Ĵڡ
ʱһ΢ɲܰ㴫һһڣþһ𣬱ڱѺֵƶʼѸ
ѵЩ¯֮л鵤
һһһ㳯ҩڷȥ֮䣬һͭ¯ԱߡȻһ˿ҩ㴫ǰһ޶һҪŨ֡
뵽о鵤һЩסһͭ¯ҪĿǳ˲֪¯
ֻԾǣһľȻû˿ôһɾֶЩ顣
ˣЩȻֻΧӣǼô׾ͱҴ򿪵ģȻô꣬һ취ǿԴ򿪵ġ
һһʶ̽Сĳ¯̽ȥһص¯Ͻһٲһ̽ӡ
Խ̽ӣһԽ֣ⵤ¯֮г˼ķ֮⣬ͨͨĵ¯Ƿ㲻ϣûʲôܹŵķ֮
Խ̽ȥڼ¯ڲȻһСһȦ¯¯һöĵҩ
¯ѵǡ͵󡯣
һ¯ԼӶŪֵġ͵󡯣ʹãЧʮֲֻǰһ¯ȴԵ̫򵥣ͽˡ
ãȻˣͨ¯鵤Ͳʹ鵤ҩҲֻ͵ĴڣɥʧҩԣлǿҩԣҲ֪鵤
һͷϲҲ˿¯ȡİ취һ󣬱㽫Լյ͵ʩչٴ뵤¯֮С
һͬԴ͵󣬷ǵûǰķһЩϢһһʹ֮еĵҩ˸˽⡣
ѪԭƷ鵤𣬲֪ﵽʲô̶ȣ
һȻһЦæĿ¯ǣһѪٿ¯֮оȻѾһ
ã͵飬ö鵤Ȼԣ鵤С飬ץס
˷ģһӲСģ
СһԱ񣬼öѪҵܳĶһ㣬һһЦƾһ£ֱӽѪס
úãһҲ佱һ䣬ȥ֮һöȭͷСѪ鵤Ϲ⻪ͬһ㡣
һǲԼסһӾͽ֮ץģ΢΢һЦѪΪҪӣ
⻰Ѫ鵤֮¶һ˭ˣ㲻̫ϵӣôܽ뱾ŷΧѵаħãҪ̳ңҲóѽ
˵ţǵͿʼкһ߽кһ߿ʲôֻߴﹾ
һ鵤Ļϲ˭֪һСĻ죬ӷˣһʱ֮Ҳ벻ʹã֮£ֱӽӡӿռȥˡ
һĻСУǶʲôû߶䣬ҲһܣʲôŴ
ˣǲҵҩʵСһָô꣬Щ¯͵ҩ˲罻С鴦ǴڲһΪɾ
һûԼŷӡѪסС飬飬Ҳ˵ͷ佱䣬ڲȥ
Χڲ֮ҲиĤϣСΪɽһĴڣڲ಻κӰ졣Ϲű飬̫ϵ伣֮Ϊ˻ָҲ΢ռڲԴŶڲЩƿء
ʶһָ֮²û̫谭ʹΧͨһŻڲķΧ֮ڡ
һ룬һŨҩҩ֮оȻ̺רķ
ֻЩע⣬ΪĿһŻһȸƵŻ


һĶ ̫֮
һŻһһϤĸоûǵڵ֮·ϣħ֮Уǰ°۵ʹĶһģһŻֻǵվãҲŻϵдʲôŻϷҲһƬƹ⣬ͬ
ѵʹñıô
һѹͷԾСǰȥ̽Żڴһ˲䣬һƽ͵صߡ
Ϊۻʥ˲Ϊϡ̫飬飬ͬҲϵԣϵΣΪˮͬĪ
̫ƪ
һһæջ˲䣬ʧʱŻϹ⻪һתԭڵƹ⾡ɢȥĸƮɵĴֳϷǡ̫֮š
ͬʱо֮ʲô΢΢һȻһܿдӶŷɳ⻪һתȻһöơ
ǡõԪʱƣ
һһӵõ֮Ҳֻ̽ǵΪ̫͸޷֪֮̽ʲôʱȻʧҲûû뵽ͻȻ֣֪ⶫȻһֱԼڣһԼ𵤵ɲ֡
ԾʱǰڶˡһŨŨϼڷɶವһû롮̫֮š֮С
ǡ̫֮šͬߣΡ벻ƣͬʲô̼һ㣬ųƣۿɼٶѸСתۼͻƴСɵһǰʼת
޾һֻԼΪǿʵڶԷǰ϶㲻ϣһҲҶΨһɿǣƺĳ˯ѣûав˼
ת֮󣬱￪ʼͷϣȻͬƳʱһ㣬ΪһƬõϼ⡣
ѵ
һĻû˵꣬һϼ⣬͵عһʱ䣬һֳ澭ϴˢһĳ⣬ͬʱԭڲڵҲʼɫϼ⣬ҲƵĸ
ÿһ඼һʱÿһ˲ϢĽؿǿﶼһۿɼٶȡⲢǿչչǰп˻壬ȫǿǿ
Ȼǿûдۣ۱ֹܣ壬תʹ˵һּʹᣬ飬嵽ܵĸоһʹȥĸоվסֻ۵һڵء
С飬⵽ô£һǿʹ
ϲˣϲˣ̫̫֮ϵɽ֮ѰΧӳΪŵӶҪϴӡǣ˾ȻֱӰˣǾ˵ѾΪ̫ϵ̫һ
ˣһС֮ûƭϲ⣬뵽Լ׼ͳΪһˣҳΪ˻ҪôĿҲ֪ͷø˻Ǿɥֻһʱ֮䣬Цûˡ
С飬Ϊһ֮ĹҪã
ˣСҲֻ֪Щ˳ΪӶҹϴ˵ĻµҪʮ죬ҲҲ˵αںһʱ䣬Ϲʱ򣬱˵ǳΪһ֮ǳΪΧӶͷأ
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ˣʮҲգҲգֻкôʱҲţС飬ҽĸԼҵ·ųϤ̫ϵ̫ϵ
ţĸ£ðð콫ǷųСһչ˺ãһ˵
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ʱһ⻪һͯģĺһǰס˵ڽʵС飬˭ĸ˭
⻰˶һ㶣һ΢΢գۣҲСĻ򵥽һСȻĸԾĻͷ˿һǰһа˵˫֮ܣһ˫峺֮ͫзһ˿羴Ĺâ
Ȼһ֪Լո龹ȻⷽԼС׵Ҳ֪ԼȻһϹŶͷš
СڳԾ֮ҲһķԸæһ£ľʹ˳̫ϵȥ


һĶ һ̫廯
һ֮µõ̫֮ţ̫ϵ̫һ֮λӣС׵Сָ֮¿ʼ̫ϵַ
Ϊû̫֮ŵƣСڿԽڲࡣİæСʮ˳Ľ̫ϵһС
ֻǣ˵̫ϵ̫һһУ֪ϹűӰ죬ʱĸʴԭ̫ϵʮۺļҵȴֻʣټһԼߣϡ
෴̫ϵԳ鵤ҩȴ޼ҵĶΧһЩΧӣֶ¯֮żдİˡ
СҲ˵ʧʲôζ˵ЩҲһʾ޴ޱȵĲƸϧһȺ֮Уûһó֮£ֻܿűɽ޷ʹãһһ߾һת
ʱһȥһǿȽҲʼһ̫֮ţĸ춼˲١ͬʱ̫֮ҲһЩѶϢ״һЩա
ԭ̫ϵһУֱ̫̫飬̫£̫֦̫ͬϵ硣
ֻΪͬ䣬̫һԵ˶ɼУע󵤣࣬ɵȵҩ
һõƣ̫һ֮ƣԲ̫ϵķУԼܹո̫֮ҲƵá
˵һո̫֮ţΪһ֮ʱΪǵΪûﵽһ֮ʸ̫֮Ҳûбѣĳ̶ֳ˵ֻǺѡ˰ˡ
ȻѡҲкѡ˵ĺôǾѡ˳֮ǰõһľƿбԴʹȨԼ̫ϵͳȨ
Ȩ֮Уһһ֪̫ϵϿˣҲΪϲϲȴǵڶܹõ̫ϵй
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˵һ֮ǰûжԹйʲôʱΪġ̫ƪ⴫ķӰ֮󣬳ΪһƬ湦Щ̤Ϲ֮·𵤾תǰ;ƪ湦ϴġ
һȴ֪ƪٺãҲǱĹǸԭ޸ģܹϡ̫ƪйȣȴһϣһˡ
ڵõ̫֮дʱԥľ˸ڽǿǵͷĬĬϰٱ飬о御֮Ҳǿһ磬ʼһƪһ̫廯Ĺ
һ̫廯һƪϹ湦ز⴫ԵԱ̫ϵ֮Ҳֻܹⲻ֮ɵ˾͸١
һ֪£õ㿪ʼҲ֪˴˹ҪΪΪһ̫廯˻ֿνǺϰ
һ̫廯Ҳߵá񡯣顯ϵ·ߡΪϹŹġһ֮⣬ġ񡯱ǽ𵤾ת顯ϵ͸˾˸Ͳܹ󼰵ˡ
ת޹Ҫϳ֮ǰΪͷʼ˵ûżԪĹҲʮ
һ˴ȴǲͬΪԭıҲǴӡ̫ƪбȻ𡮻˵εͲ٣˵ȴͬԴ
Ϊ˼Ԫ۵ʱ䣬һһ󵨳ԣȻԪȻܹתɡԪֻתʱҪͬʱת
һĶöһܹһǧ򽣹ĸ˵ʲô£Ȼ׹ͬʱתЩ谭ȴҲѲ
һ֮֮󣬷֡ԪáķŹȻʡܶʱ䣬ΪԪһУġԪʵ
ַţòǱּͽ𵤶תת龳磬ϸûƿԣáͻͽĸݡ
졢ٹȡֻʮʱ䣻𵤣ﵽһתֻʱ䣻𵤶תʱ䣻˺ڻ𵤣ʣԪǿ𵤶תΪʱ䣬ֱһʱȥ˱ʮ꣬ϰй̡


һĶ Ž֮ɾƷ
ŵ֮УĽ𵤣ȻΪԪٴδʹøͷҪ֮ǰҪСһ࣬ȻԪһ࣬ǵģϲѣΪڵõͬʱҲ֪ϹŵĲš
һȽ֮Ϲ֮뵱֮֮ͬԼԴڡ
˵Ϲʱʿ뵱ʲôͬҪ档һĲͬһϹедУֻ֮û֮
ǰһͬϹŵķ٣ĵ㣬һͬϹ֮·뵱֮·Ĳͬ
룬ϹʱедУֻҪһ̶ȶܹУ춨£仯
ʶһ֮ٸıֱ̬Խһسʼ̬ܹһΪι̣Ϊһׯ
񣬵джϾȻ֮ﵽڣΪûиУûܹڽڸӦĴڣ񡯡
ڴ·ͨ£дͨߴݾ֮·Ǿǡ鵤ӤԪӤѨӦ֮ٲѶȣѸٿ񡯽롮顯ȻٽԪ֮ſʼϵﵽɡ
Žϵûи¡ҪȽһǰǺϴۼ辶ǰǿ󣬺ٶȸ졣ȻڵлԶԶϹţϵٶȿ죬ȴҲȲϹʱ
˵ڵĻ£ʵʵĽϹܹ֮УһĻԵҲԽ𵤼ת˵ɡ񡯵Ĺ̡
ȻʱһϹ֮ȻӹϹʱбһڵأһϹűƷйء
˵Ϲ֮ܶһ󲿷ʱ䶼ڡ񡯡ĥ𵤡Գ˽𵤾֮⣬ڽ𵤵ҲⵤһϸָƷֹͻɾƷ
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Ϲ֮˵µȵ֮ʣе֮ˣϵʵҲ
˵Ľͺܼ򵥣Ǿ˵ڵֻµȣ߰˾Ʒ˳һ˼ʿˮ׼ĳˣɴﵽƷƷˮ׼㹻ҲǿԳɵɣΪɵˣ˵ĳܹϵȣﵽһƷе޾ͲɵܹԼܹɾһĴڡ
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뵽˵еġϵŵҲһͷһ˷ܣһ̫ϵջһö𵤡
ҳ˽Ʒ֮⣬ԭ֮󣬡ɷӡᱻ޳ȥ١û뵽ǣĽ𵤲̳ˡɷӡᴿмֽӽڵģɷĽס֮
Ȼ鷴Ƕԣһ𵤣Ļԭ㹻ͻƽתԪһ룬һҪѸʱ»תʱеƺˡ
ڴ£Ҳûа취ֻԪתϣҪ֮ǰһͻͽѾɣʱֲ飬޷֮£ֻһߵȴǿĽһԪˡ
ʱۣһ֮йȥ˾ŸµʱȥһգԪʱڸо̫֮ǿԼҩԳһ˿ļ
Ȼȵʮԭֳ̫֮һ£û֮ȥˣǱ̫֮Ĳֻʣ΢Сڻһһ֮С


һĶ ֮
ڽˣ
һӦ仯Ҳӳõ֮תʼ½ⱻǿ˽ӽ
һûڣ˲䣬ͨ϶£ʼ͸һַ豹İ׹׹Ѱ˸͸׹֮µı仯иͨҪһ
ΪһÿһëףÿһƤÿһ⣬ÿһﵽһĳ̶ȣûһ˿׸࣬ûһʡǷ֮Ҳ򲻵Ȼǿ󣬵ȴ޳Ϲʱһ֣Ǿͽ֮塱
ν졯롮쾳硯ȴֲͬؿٵ˼Ҳؿٵʱִ޺۶̺е״̬ɵˣ֮Ĵܡ
Ȼһ֮塯죬Ǻ첹ɣ֮УҲǰ֮ҲûмӵС
ΪȻ࡯ĿľΪ˽Ӻ첹죬ֻ½в໹ԶԶжδ֪شڣԼֻԵɺϣ˽ϲܴɡ
ϹʱʹòɹļһĲ֮࣬һܳɾһ֮塯˿Կ֮塯ѵá
һһ鲹֪࣬շת֣ȻõǾ֣һ֣ҪΪ֮塯Ļ͸ã
ɺϾɺڣˡ࡯֮⣬һʹùԪɵ̫ϵƷĵҩͬʱ̫֮ŸԼ̫ϵһͳĹ»Ҫ˶˱ʹĻ⴫˵еơ
ӵ⡮֮塯֮һֺôǿı̬ٶȼ죬ûʯ󷨵ĸҲͬҺ֮УѨٶȼӿȵȡ
ЩҲСôĺô֮壬ڲط£ԳЧһתС֮ǰƿԣֻҪ㹻Ļ۱һ·
ȻЩôһԼ֪ڽеĹ֮лһһЧǸʱһˡ
֮塱гɵĶС˱ͲԶע⣬С׵͵һԣȻǲ֪һϵ׷ʲô֪һƽһĵţƽ벻С鶼Сı졣
⻪ȥһָԭģǰӰȻûС黯Ҳ֪ݡ΢΢һЦЩʱҲڣˣ
С׺ͺƷ϶¶Цһ˿ϼԴͳ¶Ѿ϶ݣңСѵ龹Ȼæǰ
һǿбչЩƣС黰Ҳû֮ǰôᷳǶ̫ϵҵ׵Ҳ¶һ˿Ц
˵֪һʲƸ̰̫ϵĸ鵤ҩΪʲƸȼ̫ߵ
ЩҩС¿ѣȼе֮⣬ĲǸֵҩ߶߼һϣ̾ͻȻ󲨵ĳ̶ȡ
ǴΧ¯֮еõЩΧɵĵҩЩҩ͵ĶƷҩһǼԣΪ鵤֡һö֣˵֣¶ɽٸֶҪᡣ
˵һΪʦҩЩҩÿһȼ൱ߣĵҩԵޱ˷ѣ߼ҩһʱûΪ
һֻ޾ĿЦһ֮ڶЩﶨð취
һǣ̷ЩΧƵ鵤ΪʵΪ۶õıֻõԼϣǿʵĺñ
ڶڶҩ֮Уѡȼϵ͵ҩȻͬ˷ѣһΪ׼㹻ĵҩһĵΪ
ǾǽеҩȫģֲеͽҩһһԴΪ˿ɳչ
¼Ʋ֮һȽѼΧƵĶʮö鵤һ˷һöС˻ãȴǸԴ¶˿ҩ棬ͨ͸߼鵤˲ӯ
ȺöǵħᰳǶûһοҲǵķݣһþ͵õȱǶʱص˼
ڶ˼һȻˡɣħͬޣҲûеŻֻ֮Ĳİˡ
ȻЩ鵤Ͷ߼顯ˮ׼Ʒ̫ߣѰʿ˵ܱᡣ
һΪ̫ϵ̫һ֮ȻиֶΣѡһֻ֮󡯵һڱ˿ɵ


һ ֮󣬳ħ
̫ϵһȻԵƵϹţȴǽǿڵ确һ̫廯еľ֮⣬֮֮ΧƵҲо
統ǡ͵֮󡯱ϵƷ뵤һлΪá⡮֮Ҳһ󷨣ֻǡƵҩǡҩ
һ󷨱̫ϵڷϵáһ²⣬֮Ҫһ֮һҩƵҩҲǺ·ϵȥ̫ϵͷ
Ȼ׵ģ̫֮дϢҲûнͣһȻҲö֪ʱȴõһΪ鵤
ΧΧŷ䵽ĵҩһ룬˫Ŀ΢գ˫Ժ֮пʼ֮
һʩĶСסһ߳һָһ㣬һ¯ģ󷨳ϣǡ֮󡯡
С׷䵽ֵ鵤ǻ߼鵤̵»֮ɵͨ覣ʺС׵Ʋ
ö̵Ѿԣһ飬顣ȻʱСʩס֮󡯳ֵɲǣǸӦʲôһ㣬ƽ񱩣Ҫˡ
СС鵤췴ϣ򷨣Ҷ
һΪ̫֮ȻʵԶԶ죬֮ȴͬˣ֮бԵҩпƣ߳һͬʵǡ̵סܶ
ס̵һĵ˵ͷһֳֺ¯һֵ鵤һա֮¯һ͵һǡ̵Уһ⣬ͼһö׵ҩʼ
ٽ֮֮У
һ̧һף֮͵СУС׼״Ҳ໰̴һžͽ̵֮һ˽ȥĿ㿪ʼ壬ҩ
С죬һʮ⣬תһԵĺƷơƷԴ˷ָָܵ鵤һһЦֿʼ˵ڶδ󡭡
һ㻯һʱɡ֮⡮֮ھ͵һʱ鵤ĽֱָҩһֱɢҩԸٶ֮ǵΪҩƷ̫߶ͣȳ˸켸֡
˶ῪʼһȻŹûᡣǣһڲ֮ͬʱö鵤
ܵڳҩɢѻǹһ˿Ц⣬ҲͷһʼҩԪȥˡ
ʱţ֮˶ѾӦʱڵ鵤ʶչһ˷ʱ顣ʱ뿪̫ϵ֮ǰƻʱˡ
һûзһԣСܹƣһҲҲڣֱӾͳ̫ϵ̫ʼ֮С
ããգƬûе·Ѱһģַ̧ųһ⣬һҵֱɹȥ
һӦǵһ̫ʼ֮ļǺţһһߡ˸Լݹͳ׷ȥ
һȻֻǶ̶̵ʱ䣬һһ˶õ˲СĺôĵȻһΪ̫֮ջСļǸԴ¶ˣҲΪ鵤ֱӴħ˳ڽħڣڡ
ν㼱Ȼû·ﵲ·ﵲסո˵һȺˡҲֻʱͳ̫ʼ֮ķΧ䵽ԭϡ
ֻϵʱһȴоЩԾ˵ɽˮľûʲô仯е̫ʼ֮ɢޣȴһȥӰƽܹһЩҲûӰ
һɻСױѯһ䣬һҲͽԼĻ˵˳⻰Ҳ֣Сʵѵ˵Щɢ޶̫ʼ֮ѾȤô̫ʼ֮гʲô󱦲أ˶У
һҡͷ̫ʼ֮أܻûɢ޲˵أҲԣĳֻ֣ԽԽˣ˻Ǿܵģǡ
ʲôΪ棬æʵ
һüͷԽأ峡
峡ֶΪԾܿǼ뵽ʲôɫѿ
ʱһЦһݹһİ͹£ģĶˣʮֱ¶ŮӳڿС
λСܽ޲TһȺת¶ˣѾħ峡ˣСǲ⣬ūˣˣΣ


һһ Ϸʼ
ŮһǾޣھڳһСǶûе棬ΪӶԷͷųϢԷֱǷһҲħڸ֣ħҲҪΪħ۵Ĵڡ
欵ħŮۣһһЦ˼Ӧò޲Tħۣ֪ǿħǵħۣͽ
ŮħԣڿһЦС絹ǺＱȻھūҷѰӣūҶȻ֪ʲôȻС翪ڣǵ˵һ˵СɵüǺˣūɲǵħۣ֪Сûѽ
һԻȻͷԭɲǵħۣҲѹˣԴ޲T˥֮ħɲƣƶΪףħ׷£ǸΪ
ħһЦĵͷʾͬ⣬̰֮ȴԽԽŨһ٩٩̸ȴٴηһЦ
СȻʶǳǣСħ׷ɱ֮¾Ȼӵұ֮ҲҵˣСūһ¶ˮԵֻҪСūˣūҾ˽С磬Σ
һһ۱㿴ħҲħĸ֣ƷڵͬѾǾƷ֣ȴתۼɱ˵ǰħͷ
Զ飬һǶûпǾѾ׳ԺȴûֱӾܾһ´ħ۵ӣΪһڿǣŪˣһξժ
ħ۴˵ĺ⣬ĳֻˣǰһ̻ڴһһ˵⻰
šΪΣѵߵ˶ԴײɡˣūҵҲһŮһĺأħ۵Ҳû뵽ԼȻһСǰûгɹ˼һֳ
һԣ˿һԵС׺ͺƷƣһЦħ۴˻ˣ²ǳԴףϲòħ۴ջƻѷð
ħ۱ΪһҪʲôԼԻظ˳˭֪ͻȻ˵ջƻ֡
ΪŮˣɻħʮֿصľഺաԲǧ껹һŮģʿΪħ۸֣ħתħΪ֮⣬һĵഺղ
˭֪ԼΪıǮһʱ򣬾ȻɡջƻͺһΪǮ˹ҫʱ˿ǽлһһʱͷķŭа뱬
ħЦ˲仯ɫһŭһСӣʲô˵ʲô˵һΣ
һԣҡҡͷֺαأħ۴Ҳǧ˰ɣ۱˵¿Խһˣı֣ܰ
һ䡮ջƻǻƻһ䡮̡ǼֱǻϽͣħ۵ĳǸҲѹסһɿ񱩵ֱһѹ˹
һһЦ̧һ㣬޽ֱ֣ӻһѹ˻סͬʱ˰ֵħ۴˺αضŭ˵׼ٱϣħ۴ٱһ㣬¿ɲ֪ʲôν
˵ǰһһӣһ¾ȫǴȤˡһԵС׵ŮǶŮˣȻ֪һ⼸ȤĻħǶĴŻܱסЦ⣬仰ʱ˲䱬
ǸԴȻ֪ΪκЦҲȺЦЦǴһӾħ۵⡣
ȻҳЦۣǶҪ
ħһЪ˹ĽȣѾ֮ǰ˵һʵԺһһϼͳɱ˹
һǽ֣ǿľǽħ۳û˿£һ˿ζЦ⣬һһֳֽһӭȥ˲ɱһ
һ֣һŷħ۾ȻǵħҲټĽս֣һ˫ۺɫĹʮ־
Ϊﵽ˽֮ĸ֣һǽУⶼѾǾĴڡһҲмʤ֮ǽͬΣ
˹УһͽԷоҳƵĽУոһеʱһһۺ׷ɶħеһֻ
һеʤһҪʤ׷ħ۷оѾľҲ䣬ﻹսһһһѷͷȥ˵ʮ֮⣬ɫȻ԰ףæ̧һףʮ⳯˷ȥ
һ֪оȱȴûֹ˼ѶϢ꣬ǹһ˿ЦϷʼˣ


һ һ
ħԶԶһһϹһ˿˪г̰һ˿ļɵ
ҪʲôѵΪܹԸħ۲ɣʵѰҪնɱһ̫ܣҷѾһҪߣҲ㣬ƴһһֻ·һ
һ⡮ȰΨһķӦֻһ˿Цݡħۼ״ͷûһͻָоѾܾûˡ
ֻʱҲ㶯˼һٴλĵıС磬д;κҪūΪУܽū£ʱûūô˵أ
һٴαΪ⣬һһЦлħ۴˺⣬ֻĳǲȰӣοܹħ۽ĺûνǧѷ꣬ôܹأ
ħԣ֪һ⣬ԼȰ˵ƭáһӽҲüαװһһֻ칳ջأ˫ϲٴγ֣ȻǴΪǿ⡣
ħһ֣һ̶ߺһúá̤һξɱȥ
һνǰͬһһ־ͽȫϡһɣǡԪ籡ɷ֮롮޽С
һϡϡħһ˫Ȼֵһ¶ܣֱӶϳ׷ɶ
ħǾ֣һֺ޽ܣ㾹Ȼɽ鱦ˣ
һҲû뵽ı֮󣬽ɷ֮ٴǿ߶޽оȻӳ޼᲻ݵЧ
ľ͹˳費ľ磬˱仯ϲֻһ˳ħʣһ˫ɣһգۣħ۾ͳ˿֡
ħڴľ֮ѹҲħħۣó˾Ҳûзһˣһצʩչ
ƽԸ֣ͬħһצҲ֧һʱ䣬Եȴֳ޽һõ޽Ҳһ֮У˵צ
Լצ޽ʱžʵټһĽѾڵ֮֮ϡ
ʮغϣһʹ⽣еһףӲƾٶȺƿ˫צǰĲϡ
ʿǡ̰֮Ϊ˻Ըӣħ޸ֻ治壬һץסħ۾ͿģϧɫһԼһ
һҪֲлֻǴʳһˣԼħŴ֮󣬾ͽӡռȥˡ
һһУС˱˹ֻƷƽЦһһǲĿħŮˣд⣬Խң˵ΪѹŻܹ̳ġ
һҡͷǲˣ̳ܽһŮǿԵģϾ̫ϵӪֻǼǴġ
ŮƷһ˿ĹâħڸĴԵһħڸŮͷûĸо˵ͷ⵹һս飬㽻Ұɣ߳ɰܹ̳õŮ
һ˵Ҫħ۵̳ŮֻѪ˭֪ƷƾȻô£ЩȻʱһƿ֮һڹѸٽӽȻһħħۡ
һǹһ˿Цһò
˵ţͷС׵˵ĶܼܺңסǣǾȽӿռȥɡ
С׵ԣȻҲ飬ǺƷԼҪȥռħۣһҲһӦˡ
˶ռʱħҲպǰԭüˣֻһһˣģħ۲ɵЩ䱸
ħһߴһһ߷˷ȥƺʲôһ״һЦ¾Ǿħ۰ɣ
ħûмһҲûнУԼ֣ɵĳһ뵽ħ۴Ѷݣʱȫ񶼷һϡ
ѵ޲Tħƿߣ޲TħĴˣ
ֵһһ㶣뵱ʲôħˣ޲Tħ޽УҲ˾ħǰʩչħѪ󷨣Ҳûˡ
ˣȻ˵ǣҾǰɣҾ޲TħĴˡ
һϣħɵ֮ɫ˿ңȷʵûˣѵǳǾȻƭСӶһü˲ɡ
һԣ׶ԷȻ£һЦħۣҵǿ԰һæ


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ңħ۱ƵĶͷ϶ʱһ⻰ʲô˼
ʲô˼һЦһ˼ܼ򵥣Ǿžһ¿
˵䣬̧һӣһ⻪ħۻΪһû֣һһǹ⻪֮еһĻԾѡ
ֻǹ⻪֮УŮӵӰֳкƷȻǣһؽӡŮħɡ
㣬Ȼץסħһ˫۾һ·ʲôһ㡣
ֻһ˻̫µˣǼȻһͬ׷ҵģǾͬһɣһһ·ڻҳһ㡣
ʲôħ۱Լ޻ˣҲһħ۲ھͻԼƭԼʵħ۾Ȼ֣ʱŻŶʧһһѽҪˡ
һпǣһӣռֽнȡһھħ۵ٶȾ׷ȥգۼǰ档
㵽ʲôˣҲʲôᣡħ֪ԼӲˣʱʱ뷨
ߺߣҾҪץˣᣬһ㶼ûУ־ܰɣһ˼һת׶Է뷨Ȼһ׷ȫԴȥڽļƻȴв֮Ҳʱ䣬һ־ֶΡ
ħۼһֽɱ˹ͷħ۵ͬʱҲ־ܣʱƽֶξʩչ
ֻһնɱֵʵĹȻԪۼһ㣬ʩչֶȴɡ
ȫʩչ֮£һѾɽٸ־һʤħȻĶ֡һھ˵Ҫûн·ƣԼԼĶһҲͷһЩƴֶΡ
ʮغϲһһնƾħħٴμݵĲϡ
νԽϣԽСħ۽ʲôӢ¾壬ԹԵľ˳һ⵽ռȥˡ
Լռħۣһǹһ˿ζЦݣˣһͿˡ
ѾħץסƬʱ䣬Ⱥħǰһ˻ħۣһ˻¾ħۡħ֮УħϺ;ʵ൱¾ħȴҪǿһߡ
ֻԵһһӵԽƴɱɽٸֵ˿áԾֲʮּҵ֮ħȺһ׽ãͶ뽣֮С
׽ħ֮Ҳ֪ϢȥǱԭʱȻûһ
һѯħۣħ˵ڴѶʱħǵħһյ⣬ûжֽš
һҲ֪׷ʲôҲһֱţȵһգٲԼʹȥһʱ˵ãգ۾ҪȥȴȻû
һЩʧҲ϶໨ʱȴ𽣹ͳȥɽʱһ˿ӿͷ
ѵ˵һһɨ鷽ԲһӰ֮Уʱǹһ˿Цԭˡ
ȴװʲôûֻԪһԼòԸı䣬ɼ𽣹⳯ȥٴ󣬾ҪʱһӰƾճ֡
˲мĿһһۣ˵Сӣͣ
һԴˣȴһδŵӣԼĴ
ƺеˣŭһ̧־һħצһץ
ɣ
һһ̧ͷǹһ˿ϷʵЦݣͬʱָһ㣬һֱȥȽħצ˺飬ֱԷţꡯһض
Ҳħڸ֣һħۣ뵽һԪӤڵСӾȻԼܽԼһԴ˿ԼŵѪһ˿ͻ˵ǧĺˣʱһķŭӿͷ
һҪ˭֪ûĵƽͷһѾǰֳ̧˹
ħۼ״ľӭһȥոһɾӿֻоԼһɽѹһɽأϷŵƣһѪ˳
ҽȥɣһһ̧һץͰħ۵Сһ㣬ץ뿪һӵĽռ֮С
ˣԷһ˰ɣ
һʱһӰǰһ߸ˣЩ֮ǰ󷨿ˡ


һ ޽
Ȼһһǳ͵Ϯܹһħڸ֣Ҳȫħ۳ȴû̶֡
һģħȻǷħ۵ͬ飬̲סһ߽еʲôˣȻħħۣٽǻ㲻׽ã֮Уܡ
һԹһЦλħħ۴ˣ¾½ųǶŹҰɣȻˣֺαطųһֿô
һĿ㣬ǽħ΢΢һЦλѣ֪Ҳ֪ħȰ㻹ǽ˽ǽվҪҪԻԷȥڽǾͿ컯Σ
һȻĵ˵ͷ˼飬ҡҡͷǺãֻ¸λħ۴˻ʳ԰
˵䣬һ˹Ĵӻʲôһ⻪еĲ޽ʲô
ħۻΪһҪ˵ʲôóΪҪƴɱԼϸһⳤȻѰһѡ
ã˱޲Tħ֮ˣٽ£
ħ۷Ӧ죬һħ۷׷׹ŵļ˲仯Ծȿֺĳһɱ˹ȥ
˵ҪڣǻţܿǲҪڣҪڣɣޣ޶ת
һһȣһ󣬹͵һţһΪ۵ľ޴Χֱ˷ԲʮһƪһİĽռ֮С
һռһƽʱʹòͬռС˲٣ֻа﷽ԲҲ˲٣ֻʮң˳ԾǣһȴʵʵʡһɱڶδԽѰʿŵս⡣
һ޽򡱣ǵʫɴһϹŽż֮еõʱ˴ϸһԾѣΪֳɱȻõнٱ
ʫҲ׼ֻһʱѾ˽ɵΪɱѾ޵Уһʱô벼Ҫ󣬺ˡ
һʫеõ⽣Ĳ÷ʱҲûԼҪΪȻֻ̫̣Ҳûܹ
еһǴʮɽ뽣֮гΪ֮ǣڶǵõԪĸΪۣṩ㹻ԪʶǿȣΪ֮⣻ǲ֮ˣﵽ󷨴ʦˮ׼ɿռ䡣
֮УһѾɣһʮɽ͵ڶԪ֣װ쵽ġ
һΣħ׷ɱһ֮±뵽ǿɱҺ֮ǰʫż֮еõдǸɫɽħűֵ֮õħټҵƷɽſʮɽ
Ԫ֣Ǿ͸ˣȻħҪɱҲûץûйϵЩͷȥЩɱȴǺѹħ۶뽣֮Уʹһ
һϹʱ򶼱Ϊɱġ޽ڳ֮һٴã֪ܹĹ⻪ʡ
ȴ˵һˡ޽򡯣ħ۱УȻϵʲô󣬵Ϊħ۸֣ȴܸӦ
ΪʲôϢû˵˾Ȼ󷨴ʦܲý󣡡
һƿ޲T׽ˣһƿ޲T׽ܲý󷨴ʦȫ˼֪ǻϻʲôֱɱȥвýĻᣡ
ýôֻһˣֻҪܹ׽⽣󲻹ƣʱ򻹲ˣ
Ǽƶǲ֣ǳֻ֣Ҫ׽ǾͻٳһħʱħΪˣ
ʲôܣҪץҲץѾ׽һˣ㣬ǵסǼƶǳֲźá
λħ˭֣ȫһһӣĿǼŭһҵ
ֻһʹְϷĸ֣ǵû˿ŭʱϤԭһʹõġ޽򡯵轥ʧһϤĸоӿͷ
Щħ۸ּһȻϵǽԽԽܣʱԼ໥֮ʹһͣ
ħͬʱƷųһʱ䣬Ȼһ磬޽򡯵ԪⶼƺʱҪһ㡣


һ ޵
ɱ
֪λħһɱħͬʱֱǰ߸ͳһɱ˹
һ״̴Ϥ󷨵״̬˳һúãһ㣬ԭܲʮ򽣹裬ವ
⡮޽֮һʮɽʮ򽣹⣬Ҳ˵ÿһ̺֮һʵɽټ֮Уģ̬Ȼʮ־µֶΣЩ໥ӳ֣һÿһ͵ڵõʮɽķӳ֡
зɽֻһƷӳ֮Ʒɽ֮£һѪзɽͼǶƷ߼塢ƷһķɽܵƷʹãǿļɽ̶ȲƷƷ
ЩħȻɵ󣬵һĶնɱһϣЩǿ֮еķɽƷֵͣԸƮƮĽܹԼǧħ壬ѡӲ
˭֪ոһǾ֪Լˡٶļħ۵ܵһǼ᲻ɴݵħϾԳһѪۣȻ͹˲ʡ
Щħ۲ǳ۳нϼһʮַḻ֪㲻Ӳ׷׼ų⵲סԭЩֻзһ񱻱⵲סԳȱ
ֻ޽Ϲž󣬱һûнȫҲܹ׳ơʮޱȵĽ֮£Ҫ嵽һǰдҲʮѡ
ǰǳħ۸ߺӻħۣ׽ôҪǿס׽ôӣ֮оΡ
⻰ΪƶħͷӻħӦһ䣺˵ǰͷǸݹҼƶǲӡħ۾ͳʩչֶΣΪƶħ۵ֵ𽣹
һȻڽ룬ħϣҲûаԾ˼Դ˷ܵ΢΢һЦ˫һأһָ죬һ󣡡
˻һŻɢҹʮ򽣹͵һפѸٻ㼯ɽβӻƥƥɣ໥֮Բ֮ڶ·һޱȵ񳲡
ͬʱһ㽥󣬿Կÿһ֮ԳһϣħֻۣħжǻһƬһ㣬һɹԪȴڱŷעƥ֮С
ħԪ֮ŻƮƮĽ⣬ʱƴԭٱ仯Ҳǧ򻯣еħۣ˲͸оѹ˵ѹ󷨣ƥ֮ʱֵĽæҡ
һĵ˵ͷա޽򡯣ֻܷҲħ۸ѹסǵȽҲϵǿ󣬿±ǶɽٸҲǲ¡
뵽һ׼֣ƾնħ֮һת˼һ㼤֮仯Ȼ˲١
ʱˣˣ
һ䣬һȡ޽žͳȥû߶Զһħ˵ĸһ
ħۼһ֣һ˿񣬴һͳ˹һ״ǹһ˿Ц

ħ۱ƣ￸סһֻ֣һ˲ǰһһգ۾ͱɡ˲䣬һһĳͽ뽣֮Уƥһƣʧԭء
ʰһħۣһҲͣܿͳڶħ۷ȥͬеĹħҲΪպʱԭƥȻǰһħҲ뽣֮ȥˡһĵ˵ͷȥ
޽򡯵ȡڲ֮˵Ϊͽˮƽ֮⣬벼ɽǿԼΪѪṩ˵ǿ
һһ·׽ȥ콣Ͳߣȵħǰʱ֮Ѿоħ۱У˽һ
ʱ򣬼ҪһԼ֣ħ۸־Ѿܲסѹȡһ֣֪ԼĴ١еӲͷȻҪԱһͬھ
һ״üͷ΢壬ǲʶʱûֿڶԷӲϲ֮£ӲҪԼ֮Էո뷨ֻǰ̾һ֮Դͬʱԥĳ
һĽ֮޽ٴηħ۸ֻԼԱĺ顣


һ ˳ң
ɱңħ۵ڶԼһжû߹ŵһͨ˾Ȼɱ
ɱ㣡һһЦǸץңΪβɱ㣬Ȼ㲻ôҪĻԿǽץ뽣֮УЩͬ飬ڣһжˣ
ħԣһ˿ӵɫǾ֣Ǻڣܿһ˿Ҳɢʽһ¡
ϧһ֮ԴһƤ⣬Ҳ˷ѣʮ򽣹֮вǵͽ׵ħȡħ۵Ѫ⣬»ܽ١
һԳ⶯֮жʱֳǧɫħЩħ޲TϵսʣƷߣȲʫż֮еıֻʮ̫࣬ˡ
ЩħһôǾǶħֶƣû´ҲƾħܹѪԶҲħźɱԪӤ֮һ
ֻѰЩͽ׷ɽܹնɱǧܽһһֱħѪιֻǶ̶̼һٶʮƷɽֱͻƷƷɽȻûͻƣҲ˼ơ
ǧɽǿ޽򡯵Ҳǿһ֣ȻȲֱһħö࣬ȴΪһǿ˻ҲǸкô
һ˵նɱһħ۸Ѿ㲻ʲô£ҲֱͣһħѰȥ
һħǣɲƣƶɳʮħ۸׷ɱȴץץɱɱֻʣ
˷ֱǼƶǺӵĴӸ֣ʵɲǵ¾ħһ㶼Ƿڵĸ֡
˳۳нǧ꣬һħһչ˽һһǾͳ׳ԱȻƾżǿʵסˡ޽򡯵ĺһ
о޽ԽԽǿȻֻ²һ˽ˣ֪ǱУҲ֪ԼֵԸɴûзֱӽ˳һ
һ׽ոʮһħ۸֣նɱһһҲЩпֻ֪ⲢǴ󷢸пʱ򣬷󣬿֮ʹͳȥˡ
뿪̫ʼ֮棬ΪԷһһʹôԾʮΣֱһûСͣ
ССҲǣȻߣȴֻǴèСèֻǿĲһ𵤡һҲþǣϢλ˾סһõꡣ
Сź֮£һУּ䲼һ֮󣬽ӿռȥˡӿռ֮УС׵˶ڵȴϢһط¶ϲ֮ɫ
߰ɣһȥЩħ۴ܸһЩʲôϢ
ȻһֶζԸЩ׷֣û뵽ȻܻС׺ͼҲͰˣԴͳг˾ֱ޵ĳ羴
һ˴ӽӿռ뽣ռ䣬Ʒ͵ȺǰħֻۣλŮħȻûнǱס
ôûнôһһЦ
˵ʲô˼ҲһħۣǴô׽ǡƷû˿Σһʹһɫ
һ״ʱ׺ƷԼħֻۡȻŮС׻ǺƷƣУŴɺ¡ڿոŮˣǹԼһصġ
ҡһҡͷܾ˺ƷƵġ⡯ͷһת뷨һЦһ֮ʵڲУͽֱΪ֮飬Ҳʡ鷳
˵䣬һһӣʮȺ֣֮Գһʮħ˭ˡ
ֻȫûǰ磬סҲûΪ֪ԽԼԽȡĿ죬ЩԼֻͽͰˡ
λħۣز˵Ҳ֪˭ҲڵʲôӡھҵĽ·ѡ񡣵һȻǹ˳ңҴӡΪҵūͣҳΪ޲Tħ֮Ǿ¿պôȻ٣ڲˡ
һ˵չһ£һЦתͷȥǰԼ봫ħۡ
ӣΪƾֶܹΪħҲˣصħͻᱻɱɢʲôûУȰ㻹Ƿǣħ֣ħ٣ֻ·һ
һüͷһ壬ǹһ˿Цɱ⣺ħħڴˣ˵ֻ·һֻȲħҲħľˡȻҾͳȫ㣬Ҳǿڶ·ʲô
һһħǰһһŴ׻ð˳


һ ֮
֮䣬ɫĻ治٣̫̫ǰɫ⵽˼¡һŻ沢̫̫֮Ļ档
ϸȥԷ֣֮ÿһ⻪Ȼһ⣬ЩⲢɢңһµķʽת˵һĽ󡣶⽣ԭǡ޽򡯡
Ҫʲô
ħȻ롮޽֮еԴȪȴûб޽򡯹Բֻ֪Ϊħڸ֣Ѿﵽ̽ĵزѪ֪Լ޽Ļ⣬ܵĸоֻš
Ҫʲôܼ򵥣Ȼ㲻Ϲ鸽ңҲûãԾͽܻ鸽ʾһµڶ·ҵĽ֮ˣ
ʲô֮飬ɱңҡ
ʲôңϻ̫࣡
һһֱӴ϶ԷĻһǡ޽򡯵ĳλԲһֱӴħڡ
ħȫסֻܶһ컹˵񱻴롮޽򡯣ҪڵŭͻһĲҽС
Ҫ֪ܹΪħ۵ĸ֣һǾɱ¾ʹҲ·ʹɼʹѰ
ܿ죬ʹͽСһȣħʹûˡ
ֻԭɶ£ޱȵȻѸٸɱԭǿʢѪҲѸٵļתۼ˴׳ߣͷ췢Ҳ׷׵䣬ƺͣǧʱ˲䱬
̳ʱ䣬ħޣһ˫ǵ۾һԹ֮⡣
ߣͷϽıʶˣС飬һ֮ɣ
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һСƾմһǶСƾճ֣СĻʲôؾصĳһһݣһһĳħȥһȦһЦһԾֱཱུӰħüġ
ʱѣʱ
Сʱȴ˷ͬѰζ·Ĵʲôڸգת
һħڴ̶һ𣬵תʮȦͣϸһȻһСƵüӢС
Сƺʲô֮еһС飬ʱֱӹһǰݵݼˣݼֳ
һ״һЦСá޽򡯣ħ۵һǣС߻ɵĽ֮顣
н˥䣬еʧȴڣѾûˣһɵдСʦҲܴ
ȴС֮жʮָ߼Ĵڣܹ󣬵㲥ӵе㻯
ֻԵɺ֮£Ϲ֮˼һôɣȻΪ飬ȻɣЩԴɣȴʵʵ֮飬һ롮޽֮Уܸ˳ĲݣܲС
һԼִ飬ͷΪϲæתͷ⼸ħۡʱҪЩħ۵ʲô̬ȣǲԸ鸽ҲԼɵǿ󼸷֡
ȴ˵һȺħ۱Ҳĺ֮ÿжմȾǧ˵ѪԶɱ¾ʲôǲ¡
˵ǸʱΪǿߵһǳΪ׸⣬ټĳͷһָоһϹ֮һ׵Ժ
λħۣ֪ǿԸ鸽ǲԸ⣬ڶ·Ҳҽ˰ɣ⽣֮տǲãҲһЩԸ⿶ףҲ˫ֱʾͬ
һ˵⻰ʱǹһЦݣħڶħ΢ЦٿһԣڱСеǿԼĽ֮飬ǾһЦݣԺðѡ
ħˣСӻԸ˳һڵľȻǼƶħ۵ͷ죬ӻħۡ
һԳԾ뵽֮ǰֱͶ˳Ҳ飬˵ͷȻˣħɣ
ӻħһ㶣Ȿħһ͵Լ֣ԷһͷҪֻΪƶǵħŭû˭֪ȴҪԼ׷ˡ
ƱǿĵȻһ˿ɬȴҲòԹԽȥ͵һҡͷſһųɫ˳
һһץԼ飬ȷȻǱħɣͷһã˼һȥתħ֮Լĺȥˡ
һУһ㽫ӻħոһ־ͽ֮з˳תͷ㿴ħۡ


һ С
ռ֮һƬֵСռ䣬бһΪС졯ġ޽򡯽룬ϣ䣬ӻȾħΧС䣬ʱǸٲȻһʦͷ
ʱһڽ֮УС״̷ɱֺҲƵĽԼ⼸ĳɼһԭһոħ֮ǸšС졯һϰ޽򡯡
һܹΪ޽򡯵֮ԴṩԪܹвݡ޽򡯣ǵĽ仯ӣǿ֮⣬ǽӽ֮нųս
СȻõʦ̵СβʡʱʡĲ󷨣βܽ󷨹Ĵߵǿ̶ȣھŴħۣһ֮£޽򡯲ֳɾŷ֣һ˲һݡ
̶ĹСĴڣħۺ߶޽򡯵ѾһԼ߶߳ȻЩ򣬵Ҳˡ
һ֪佱СһΪϲֱ롮޽֮У˵ϣ¾죬߰ɣ
⻰ħȻɻȴҲΥһȥ棬˴ѾϴεС磬һջڡ
СףƷƣ˶棬һħ۳¶һ˿ɻı顣
һһЦǼȻҪӵܣȻٲūͣϣǾͰŮź¾죬ǶסΪѹƵħļͿˣ
⻰ħһ˵Щħ˵ǳ裬Զԣȴȱ˵ڻǿ˺ܿͰ̬Լλȥȥˡ
һ˺ƺ˿ջ㳯ȥһϣߵľȻȫߣħоУ𵱳һ㲻Ҫһ֡
ԭһոħ֮󣬴ϵõ˽ͼҴħԼϢ硣׵Ĵ֮е©һڡ
ԵһС磬λ⣬ȸڶ࣬Ϊɱ޻òϺͲƸ˾;ۼڴˣγһģӴС
Ӵ̶ȣʮǻҪǿһЩڽ׻ңǿǿɱԽȵ֣Բʮ֮⡣
һһǰĿĺܼ򵥣ҪĸҩӣչϣƷɽǿ޽򡯵ޡ
һڽϣطǺױ˶ϡλħųǿƣΪħʿķϢʱѹסҪ鷳ˡ
ĹС㣬Ȼ弶ֵڣѵǷ񼶸ֱֵŮǴɵľӢӲɡ
ҿһûĶħŸ֣⼸ŮεĿΣƯƯ˵ĳħͷĽأ
ٺ٣ǵӻǽӣһǷѽ㹻˰ɡ
ѽѽźֻҪɱ֮һݾͺã
˵ǿǲħĵĸ֣ɱǣɱࡣ

һ󷨣Ŀ֮УЩ˳ۣͷЦѣЩ˶˵һ㣬ֵü䣬ҲһЦˡ
ħ۸ڣµ˲ǰܵȴƷֻһεһ۾ͱαЩһǻϰݣһɫħ۳ֽǡ
һһһƬ֮ĵ̣ȷʵ룬õ˲ҩӣȻȲ̫ϵϡȫպһԸ㲻Ҳǿˡ
ҩ֮⣬һƬʢֿʯĪڡϾ󡯡
һƷ͵ĿʯʵؼӲʧǶɽѿʯ֮һɵֶμۻЧ
ֻϾҲҪֵȼͨȼͿһƷɽеȿʯƷɽϵȲſƷɽصƷڼƷƷɽ
缧˫֮еԨ̫ҾӼƷϾƶɣϬ߲ۻЧӳɵԪ֮һնħϼѷ
һԼȻʯ꣬ӼλħȴѳʮڵʯʽǳԣƷϵϾʮƷϵķɽ
ֻƷƷϾΪԺĶֲǷһĸ֣пǶɽٸ֣˼𣬵ʱǷɽƷ̫ͣһͱɷ飬˵ɱеˡ
ƷϵϾ㲻ô׵ҪĵȴܳһЩվǮʹĥڻ˲ʯ֮ڵ֪һƷصϾϢ


һ һʯҪ
ϢһһɵʿԳơˡС켣֮£Լ֪ͨϢһ
˵Ϣ֮УƺĳСɻԵɺ֮´һϾڵϺõϾֻƷ̫ãֱ̫ɱ˶ᱦԾһֱضƽֻôһˡ
֪Ϣһ£ȻЩԾȥһһ
һգ˵Ĵ֮£һ˳оͳСȥСĸкüѨһĴڣͬҲӵĵطһСɲҲ
˷˽أңңɼһһ˿ɫæعͷһЦľѣǰСڡֻɵ˶ΪõҪܣλ¶ֶΣⲻɣɾ͹ֲˡ
һ˫һУ¶һЦ˵ͷȻˣǾףǣֻҪϾ٣ͽͲ˵ˡ
áͽ𡯶֣ϲʢͷһЩϾȷʵѵһĺöֻǵĽͼصȵĴڣ˵ûؼƷϾأ
ŶƷϾ󣡡һһЦģٺòͽӱǣ
ӱˣҪлľˣ϶ǵһľ㿶֮أˣ϶Ͳ˵ϻˣǰȥɣ
˵䣬˾ǽǰʶһɨֻ࣬жʮˣΪߵĲڡҲо˵ĵ׷׳ſھ
һԪӤΪӿɨһۣ˵϶ʲôѵǴϾ󲻳ɣ
˼ˣ̹Цݣֱ϶ָǽˣ֪ǵϾʯˣλľǿɲҪò϶ѽ
յ˿˿һ¶һ˿мı飺жҼϾֵʮڣѵܶ˲ɣ
˹һЦãããûͺãûͺãһȥɣ
յ˵˵ͷһһ֣ҪȥʲôתһС׵һۡ
⣬ôСݲôˣǳĽ׵ľԼһǰǲˡ
˻һһûӦħѾɫЩʱһͨ䲻˵ͶҲ֪ʲôʱһġ
˲䣬ɺ弶ѹֱӳյѹ˹ȥһ棬յ˸ֵסʮͣ£̧ͷɫѾɷס
ħĸ֣ǵʲôˣյ˳ʵͬʱͬҲ仰һܿվһ󷨵ģ
ۼսһæǰϣֻΪҲԪӤˮ׼Ȳϣֻмż
ʱһ۽һ飬Ƿʲôǹһ˿ЦݣɣǽȥϾ̸ģǴܵģοҪԸңҲô׵顣
⻰ħ۲ɵ𵱳Լ˶Ըһ龰˼һתȷʵûǣҪһɽټĸֳֻͲ˰ˡ
СףƷƣҲû飬ħ棬һ˺յһͬȥ
ڲһĵóһǰյƺûǷŵԹ϶ˤһţͳȥˡ˵ںԼͽæȰ˵һĵȴźˮһԡ
ֵǣһȣû̫ãһϵһڵ˳ϵкڵΪߵĸ֡
æнܣ˫֪ƺ֮㿪ʼ⡣ϵѯһҪϾһϵжϾ
յ˾Ҫƺȴϵסһ֣µһߵһǰÿ˶һ
һ״һ˼ץһͿһʮ澹ȻƷϾʮصϾһڼƷϾûС
һȻϷŹλᣬڵ֪ſмƷϾУһչ
⻰ϵüͷ΢壬յ˵˵ͷյЩԸջǰԼĴһ
һĴ򿪴һһϾ󣬵ѰͬȻģʡ
ȻǼƷϾ󣡡һ¶Цĵͷ֪ЩʯҪ۶٣
ϵԣ¶һ˿Цݣ˰ֵһҪȥһʯҪ


һ 
һʯҪ
⻰ϵ֮ڶӶ¶Ծ֮ɫյɫѿæת׼˵ʲôȴϵֵ̧סˡ
ŶһʯҪһȻЩԾȴζ̧ͷϵһЦûѵϯҲûв۵ĽףȻ㲻ҪʯҪĶɣ
ϵԣΧһЦݣ˵ͷѹȻѰˣֻҪһһܸóĶ
һһЦһ˵ҸǲһԸοԸҲһܵ𡣡
һ⻰˵ļ򵥣֮ȴЩǿơһȺӶз·һ㣬ϵڳͳҪһһÿ
ϵ˿⣬һЦ˵ǣϵȷʵܲܵ𡣡
ŶܵǾһɣ˶زǳɺͳһȻһЦֶƺһоա
ϵû뵽Ȼһƣ뵽ˣ˼󶨣һݵȻˣǾλʦһɣ
ڳ˳һϵһģ˶ԣԼʦͬʶһ㡣
ϵ䲻ãһˬЦһʮ£⻪ɢԳȻһͷ⣬ɮ۵ĺУҴй¶Ϣֱ棬Ȼǲڸ֡
һȺΪ׵һ³䣬ԲԲĿƵĺУΪߣǲڣϢޣƺһµħ۶Ҫǿһݡ
ʩһԼΪҷץ´󹦣׼ԼҷŸӹ֮У֮ǰԹȫҷŴǴɰˣ
ϵһݺһҪľ仰⻰ӷ߿˵ʱϲæеӾл䣬˼Լ޵ݣ¾Ҫлˡ
Ƿ߼״ĵ˵ͷּʮü䣬һſź춹һ룬ȻǷŸӹı־ˡ
ֽҪٴл˻ˣڿһߡʱ򣬷һ·һЦ
ľѣ¿ɹֲˣ˺ٺһЦͳȥһݵߣСҲ߲ʹ
⻰Ƿûа֮ɫһЦݣ׳һˣҷ˵㻰ʹˡ
µˣæץסʶһ̽Ȼ֮ǰ̸İʯһ׬ȡģнӽʯ뵽һ׬ô࣬ͷϲѣлͳԼ˷ȥ
ʱǷ߲˹ĿһǺһЦ·ʦʮ֮һߡû¾޲Tħ˰ɣ֪γƺľʩʩ
һͿһ壬ֻ֪˭ðˡųʮ߼֣ȻһСԷԼҲΡ
γƺҪҪǣλŴʦȻ£֪ô£ѵҪΪնħħ˸նɱɣ
һЦ·һСЦһ㣬ҡҡͷԻնʩ֮һȻҷնȵĶλɱǰʩҵȻرȥ𷨣ȥһ֤ü֡
֤ü֣һЦһŹȻƻʮһնģ֪ŵıǴİԵҲҪŶԷһ˵
ԭˣ⵹һ£ֻҷ²޲÷𣬲βԻλʦ¸ַȻȥǵȵĳһˣȥѰ磿
һˣ˵û˿ŭ΢΢һЦ𷨻ԵһݼţҵʩڴˣԵˣǽղȥ֧αȵĴ֣£
£һҡҡͷŲ£Ȼʦ˵Եˣǽȥ˵Ҹõȥô
ںҡҡͷʩܹȥȻˣ˵գһָ֣⣬ƺһȥ
һ״ҲԲȻһЦһлץϵĴԼڶϾʯߡ߳ںе
λʦܣ벼⻪Ҳ


һһ ÿ
ںд˻һڳз׷Ӧŵڿն𣬽ƾֻװ˫ָӡһ⻪ƾޱ߲סһƬռ䡣
ںжУ˫Ŀ΢գ˫ֺʮдʣͷ綷أȻʶٲȻһŴ֮ࡣ
һ״ᣬƾ⻪Ȼ赲סȥ·һҲƲ
ãܺã
һͷƾնںһۣмһ£һᡯһ޽ڳ֡
Ǹо޽еĶɽζЩķ߶¶Ծ֮ɫҲ΢΢޽Ȼƽͷȴ֪ʲô
һȴǲηӦȻһЦ˽ȥһ򽣺һһ򷨵ζһ֮ϡ
һУֱնħ۵˫ɼϬǿһһͶ⻪֮дһؽַﵽһ·ǵƳҪ޽ʧ档
һһҲ̽⻪һ֮ǰɵ󷨣ħ󷨣󷨶ͬ·һ֧ҸԾǣƷߣﵽؼƷƷĳ̶ȡ
СΪҲдС죬ҸоƺͻƣȻǽҲڳҼǲˣ
˼һһ޽תͷںеʦΪȥ
ںмһսһ˿źһЦʩԲ죬ƶɮǺҪǵҪߣȥ֮˵
һ֪Ŀģⷬ˵ҲŭһЦȻˣλʦҪʳԲźã
ںиоһ˿ԣ׼ⲻһʲôֶζӲȥͷһãͼװģĲȥˡ
һ״ͷϲٲЩУɢһתһȦһȦһȦ̤ŵıȴһȦȦб仯ڣʮȦһЦͳһ߷ȥ
վǰһ˰Σ֣һȭȥߵҲжһҲ˿һȭɲ

һϵһ⻪ޱȵһȭסǰȻһлһ˿Ц
ãܺã
һڶ˵ãתͳһȥÿһǰһȭÿζ⻪ס˲ð㡣Уںǰ
ʦˣ
һ˵žһȭȥһȦǿٶҲ죬˵࣬·ڸʲôһ㡣
ںУŵʵĪΪģֻΪһһȭʹһ˿⻪ȻҲмζ
ܣ
ͷմںͷһǿޱȵͳһ⻪ĻⲢûп˵Ȼһֽš
죬𷨼ӳ֣
ںͿһޱȣû󷨻Ӳӣһͷסһ
ͬʱͨģɽӡѸټӳģԭһЦ޺ģ˲仯޺
һһȦôףȭȻָָɽ͵ش˹֮ǿ֮֮ͣǰ޽һҲ˿
һգۣǻⱻƣֱӴںţԭĵĽҲסһָٴδƣںа۵ž¶
ۼһһָҪֱض룬ںҲǷŸ֣˲˶ԲߣһţһdִŷɳdֺһöĻԪӣӡ
һһָƷͨһںԱԴąd֣Ե㡣ȥֹ⻪˥
һҲǿ󣬼þգȻһЦ˺󡣲ҲЩԴϢŲȻϴһ˿ɫתͻ⻪赲汼ȥ
ˣλʦܣ󣡡
һ䣬ںڣʮͬʱоģһ˷Ȼľ㣬ƿ飬ħƣ顭ȵʮ˼űһ֮γʮ˸ӰֳΪһŴһס
⻪ʮ޺˫һᣡ
ں־һöȭͷСԲĶϰ߲··شһ㣬һųǻ۵ɢȻ϶Ϊһһμ
һѾ⻪һ˫ȷʵ˺ƤȻݲ̽Ҳ̽ɴʩչֶ˵


һĶ ౦ľ
˫һЩŵǧΣһ󣡡
һȻһЦһ޽֡ǰͬ޽ϺһռȻزǶ
޽ٴγ֣ںɫһϲоޱȵϢ΢΢üһ˿ԥǾȱ仯
һ֪һȺлʲôֶΣҲҪ֪ʲôֶΡͷһƪ¾ֳ
һظ֮ǰвͬڱ֮Ľɷ֮߶£ʵʣ·ӡ޽һÿÿһ֮ԭʫƪҲһƬ
˵һĽΪٴڿʼܹԭʫɵĽ⣬佣⾫ˡ
һһֳֽһһʶ֮󷨵ֶζֱ仯˶Բߡ
һһȻΧʮ޺󣬷Ƿ⻪ȥ̤ÿһһ⻪ܹ⻪֮Уһų⡣
һأںֵıｫ˫һ⻪Ҳ˱仯һȥ˲䣬ֳֳֳǹ·ɱ˹
ƣ
һбߣӹһߣӰͬʱŲһ̤⻪С
ֻҪҽնɱһнԿգ
һ˵䣬ͳںɱȥз׷״ȡӶҡ⻪ͿռֶΣ˲Ųƣһں롣
նħ
ͬŭȣųȫƣͨһȻһС磬ںУﵽɽٸֵơһ¡¡Ӹ֮ϴƺ֮ҲϢһ㡣
ֶΣȻҪ·Ǿ͹ֲĺˡ
һжԵжɽٸֵȴûһȺмıȻ٣һȴħ۸ǿ
䣬Ȼĳ̺˱һǿޱȣ񼶸־ֵܵһ촫ֻƽ־Ȼ
һν൱һԾ֮Դ˷ܣһȺǳԾ֮дмɵڷ֮жǸ߲㣬ץһҲСֱһǲ֪Եɺڡ
ããã
һáҲս˳ƾͽչһо׵ĽʩչһȺж
һö˵һΪгΪǡһսϤϤģͷĻĶ˳ٲһкȥĲС
һĿ෴ôҲû뵽һֻԪӤΪ˾ȻܹƾһһǾˣͬ󷨶ôãֲǣԷԽԽ죬ԽԽеֵסĸо
˫㶷˰ʱһڽн߹һ飬ʱѧķ˽óлΪáһʱ䣬һͷ
ǰУһ䡮ˡķֶãһͷһ潫ʹߣͬʱʩչеģǿǿ
ƣƣơ
ơнͬʱϮУǲһּϵҲǶһ˶Եеĸо
ҲǷߣڵĸֺ;ӢһҲ֮ͬʱȺסһн
һɣһҲɥΪ֮Ȿھơɮֵ˲䣬Ѿ̤Խǣںһ˹ȥ
һƴͨ޽ʩչǷŽָǰ򵥡ںٴμҲֻǱһƬĽ
һأںȴڼһЦһָǰ߲һķһ
һӲӣʮƯҲûǿʮ͡һ֣һвĸоһ̣Ż˳Լ˵޽Ȼ֮⡣
ϸȥ޽ԼӡĽƪ¾ȻɢһǳǳĽɫĳ棬оȻʮϤ
౦ľ
һͷһɫɵһ䣬ʱںе⾹ȻԼڶȡ޽档
ںмһԾЦָ˫ֺʮһָ޽ʩ˽Ϊݣʩд˽ֻΪԼƶɮΪʩȥ˺ҷѹָ֮꣬ʩΣ
һԣϾɢԳһ˿Ц˷ôΪƾһ౦ľܹȡⱦôδ̫Сƶɽ鱦˰ɣ


һ Ҫʧ
鸴գ
һ󽣾̺޾Ľ޽֮ϣһ׹·޽ʲôѹŴѣŻǿġ౦ľȻѹס
鱦飬㾹Ȼ޲Tħ׽ȫˣںмһ׹⣬Ҳɵóһ
ѾǺܾǰˣͲ޲Tޣרҵ鱦Ϊ仨ܹƭ߲ɣ
޲TޣںЩԣ鱦飬˵ı͸ıġȴû뵽ֵ޺׽ԭˣˡΪһڲ
ںЦݣʮһ񣬵سɷʩΪִԲ򡣼ȻˣƶɮͲòʹôֶˡһԻһԻᣬ󳹴򣬶˶ɼ
䣬ںͷ͵Ͷǰ߲֮СһöӾȻһƬ͵Ĺ⻪ԭڱİ߲·ȻչϸһʲôӣһƬƬ̵ĿҶ
ҶӺ죬һö˾ſ׵Ĺʵ¶һ˿˿ɢһִ󳹴ڸǰǵ뷨
һˣֻ̨֮һɧɧԴͷıҶǱҶ֮£һ򰲰ؼᱦ
һԻһԻᣬѵ˵ᱦйϵɡ
һͷŻڹͨѹס޽ٴæݹͷŷ֣ԭԼȫĽ龹Ȼһ˿˿ζĴ߶зѵ˼ƺԼõһֶζֹӡ
ã߶˶౦ľջͶ˳ǲòǼˡ
һ֪ǿ̲ݻҲ˿ԥһſڣһ˳
˷һ޽ܵʲôĴ̼һ㣬˷ܵɿѣǶ౦ľһĿƶʱãΧǵת
ǡںҲǼʶһٱ㽫һֶοơ
֮޽ͬԴڣҪƭߣǲܵˣһ΢΢һЦͷԼЩûзһ֮ĽȻá
ûʩ޲TħˣȽУѵã㱦ʧҪҵȶֿҲˣȻˣαٴɱɱǻתţʱȻһλ㡣
λ̫ĳһɢˣοͣεΣʦҪЦˡ
ڴ˻ʵʩҷ𣬶ȻõΣǱħħͷץסѽ
Ҳ죬Ҳܲˣʦ֣̫ȤֶΣҾʹȥҲͰˣ򡭡
Σ
ߣҪλʦ޻أ
һ˻һʶȻһ䣬ŻԴǫõζ˲ͻİԵ·һ㣬е·ζ
ʦ֣Ȼħõ£
ħ÷𷨾ΣħͷΣ

ںн£жѾعպһĻһŭºһ׷ں׽һ
ãȻλһͬ⣬ʩˡƶɮˣλʦܣһͬħ
ħֺںз׷׳ŵһʱ䣬ʮβӽһΧ룬ļӳ֮£ÿټںеļ룬֮ǿȷǿɡ
һ״Ϲһ˿Ц˵ͷܺãȻǺβ¶ˣҪץ˾ץˣҪᱦͶᱦڿ˵ǳˣҿǱڼ˻ף˾͹ֲˣ
˵ϻնħҵȼΣħͷ־ܰɣ
֪ĸк⻰һʱ䣬з׷׳ŵһţŷÿÿһΣһɫdֺķɳЩdֽǵصĳһ
һĻһֻЦѣΪֶʹڱϣû뵽ȴϡ˫Ϊ൱׼һ̫ȴ뷨
һȽЩdֽĵסһ˺ڣ
һȣڳɮһѵˣһǱ֪ˣΪһӰһΧ߸ưӰ
߸Ӱûȫ־ͳһݵϣڴˣ
һĵ˵ͷܣǹһ˿ЦǧñһʱҾҪǶԻǴϣǲҪʧ


һ 
߸Ӱǳħ˵ħۡһ⻰Ȼ˵ĵȻͣǶھΥ
ͬӦŵ׷ʩչֶΣ̤ʧһ˲䣬һ⣬⣬⡭һ⣬ʼΪɮֶ
һĻɮУν󲻹ħħҲཻЩħ۶ˡ
ոǳֵʱ򣬶ΪһѾͶħħġ˭֪һ̣һȺڸ߰ħ۾ȻݡȻѾ˱ķ룬ҪӲ˵Ǿ˾Ĺϵˡ
һʱ֮䣬ʮ֮ɿʶݣ׷ǵǻ۵óһԣǾЩħ۾Ȼǹ˳һ
ѵ˵Щħۿ˴Ǳ϶ܹΪһħǰͶ׼õرɡ
ԣħ֮вƹһΪħ۱һħһ˳ôܹ˳һħ̳ˣ֮һթ
λʦܣʲôǻ˳Ȼɣû޺׽С룬ħ۱ҲãֻҪǽ׽ãЩħǹ˳Ǳն⡣
ʦ˵öԣʦַּ
Щɧת˲ڷƬҲûͣ¶Ȼһ뷨ŽԽԽ࣬ŻռϷķһľʧȥơ
С죬С飬ʱ֣ʱ
үԸСհ죡
ּ⣡
ӰƾԾһͯ״ǶС飬һСͯģС졣һ֣ҲЩУͬʱһ˲䣬ԳĽ˲һȦȻը
һʱ䣬ذ޹⣬һռѷճһȻŴϲõĿռơ˲䣬ԭȺС׵Ÿо
Ȼϣ죬¾ǽȥһڣСױΪʩ

ħ۲˿и׷ʩչֶΣһӦֻһٴһ϶ħͬʱС˳Ʒ˽ȥ
УһСˣҲ˵һͷǱ˼ɱһװӿռȥˡħ۳һһݣ˵Ҳ롮޽ȥˡ
޽ɱ֮Ͳħ۶նʮħ۴룬޽ȫ˲һΡ
ԭһ͡޽򡯶Ǳס޽ȴ͵һӲӷ֮˳һ̣ͽһͬУҲʧ
Ƭ֮һռѷ֣һ˳ǿ˿ͷǾһſԶһʯ
û뵽ǵ˺ôȻߣȻˣҲ͹ֲĳˣ
˵䣬һ̧һУһƬǾʯ˲飬ԳһȺԼˣ˭ˡ
ϵΪߣԴȻ档һֱڷ֮⣬֪һֶΣΪԷһ׼֣׼̽䣬һǳ
ûڣһһ˿Цҵûмܻȱ˴ҩˣǲǾֻȥˣ
⻰յ˵һҪں˭֪һͲһֻһۣ˾ʧ
ʧָʧطǳ׵׵ʧ磬Ϊŵ˲ϢһֱӽնɱѪ⣬Ǿħˡ
˶ûпôɱˣգۼ˾ʧǶûӳ˵
ǰһҲɱ˾ɱˣһȫʬתȻΪڵϿֵọ́ȴ̫ۡ
˵ʬ壬ҲͰˣħ˵ˣһ˷Ѳħڷ˵ǻ˶Եƣ˵ˡ
ǻǸʮֵЦнУɱ˲꣬ȵתͶ̥鷳ɱȻ˵ȱȽǣȴҲΪ١
ͳʿ컯ˣ˵һõǣɱ֮õȫϣܶԼвľȥ
ΪħʿʼͻᣬɵʿҪһ̶̼ʮ꣬ľͱǧ궼٣⼸ʱ䣬ǻħţħŽԹ־ٳ졣
ף˶ףްҲ˷ߣ󰮣Ǵ˱Ǵ֮
һ̫֮еõ֪һ̫֮ĻȻޣȴֱָ˸£Ҳֱָľʾԣһһġ


һ ˷
˳ң
򵥵ִһ˵䵭֮·Ժʯͷ˵һ⻰Լˣɫȴ͵һ䡣ΪղһУϵԼһĶ֡
ηžôЦȻڤ粻飬Ǿ;ɱ˰գ
һЩ˲ûʲôģһЦҪ֡Լ˶ϵһתͨһ͹æڱʾ鸽
˹鸽ԼҲеСˣž͹˵һԼˣҲԼ汣סԼҲ׷׹
գԼҲҲվסĹչ£ƺ˵ʲôһǻᣬһֽǾ·ӡڷһɽɷ֮һ֣ͽǾӿռȥˡ
Щ鲻̶ʮһͷ˿޽ʧķ򣬵˵ͷȻģ̇ͷ߿գһöſ׹ʵ޽ڽ֡
Լһ͵޽УҪͨصһ޽Ƶøǿ԰Ѷ౦ľĿơ
˭֪Ƿų౦ľľſ׹ʵȻǿ˹һ֧󷨣һų౦ľȡ޽ơ
ʹʵ״ſ磬·Ǽ򵥵ĶϷںᣬѵ˵ᱦʲôϵɣ
һһ뵽Լ̨֮ãΪݷеᱦط֮ʳһ֣ȻʹãȴҲòĶֻա
ʲôȽ޽ջأһ̽
һһ䣬޽ϣһġһ΢ȴڵĶ౦ľϳֺ谭ӡ޽ϡ
౦ľνͬԴһǿ಻һСȴ޵İԵ˫Խ֮һƵĶ౦ľԭӡ֮ռһ˳ȥ
ʮֻ㻨ʱ䡣ڴʱһȻϷŹôһ̽ͨصĻᡣ
Ȼʱ䲻ͨһ౦ľĴ߶˶ڶ౦ľ⣬ǶԷͨ߶ķţʽҲһЩ⡣
·Ƿһͨģ壬ȻܽΥͨ߶κϺص㹻ǿܹõؼӳ֣ܹǰȥĵҲõôǿֶΣֱӾܹȥ
һ֮ǰ˴򽻵÷һİԵĴڡԶһûкõĸй٣ͨһöʵһеζʱԷôһްԲһ˿Ȥ
˵ܶһ˾޴ŲԵӰ죬ֻϹűˣϹű飬ҲԷдЩӰ죬·ɣķƺ֪ͬ㲻ǷڴС
뵽Ҳ΢΢˷ܡϾϹ֮У̫ϵʧĴбõǷŴҲõֻ˵һ⣬ǾԼҪôӦ˶ҪôӦٶǰ߻ǺߣǶ˵˾Ѱ
һľһ֮·ããڣ۽ˣ·һ羰ǷѤ֣Ҳδ֪ѽ
ٲǳн磬ֻìͷСӣҲǳгɣƣʵ꿡壬ˮĸħУ󻹵õ̫ϵһ֮λӣվھ˵ļϣ˲ͬҰ
ʱһǹʵųĶ౦ľˣ޽ָԭĹ󣬻ȸԾһͳ˹
׼ס޽˲䣬һŴǾſ׹ʵдֻǾſ׹ʵΪģһν
һϺУ°ۣüĿն·֮䣬֮ȴĸо
ǣСĳΣ
һͷѣΪСξ˵˾㲻ˣҲǴڸֻ֡ƽڸΪǾΣǲֵģǾ˵˼ˡ
ܿ죬һͷ˲ԾΪӰϸоһ겨ɵֵŮϻܸоһ㣬ȴһ㶼оǾ㹻ˡ
ѵ˵˷񶼲ǣǷ᲻ɣ
һͷɻ󣬲֪ʱֻһ˷ҲӲˡԴУ
һɣתԪͬٲкһֱע֫ٺһںϽɷ֮ע޽Уʹ޽ѡ
һɫû˿䶯ҲһϢ˲䣬ӰʧԪѾϺǰһȥ


һ ˷ſ׹ʵ
һͣȥͻأһʢɢϺоʧһ̣˳ʮ֮⣬黨Ц̵Ŀһ
ӷԿ࣬𣡡
ϺǱڵĿſͻʮ֣ͬʱһ֣һɵĹ⻪һ
䣡
һһǷʮͨʮСͨǧ֮Уƾ֮ġ䡯֮ͫͶ౦ľͬר˾ɱͨħӡרעħͬлһе⾳
һг֣һӲӣһһֵ£һˣת۾ҪӳΧ
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ͨͬǴͨڲͬʹóЧҲһѵ˷񲻳ɣϢоˣӦòǣһԡ
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һɡʮɡʮɡɡһɣɮǰ̧һӣڰ׶ɫֶΡ
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ӵС޽򡯺̨͡˵Խ࣬ץ˾Խ࣬ܽЩ˶ΪԼ󷴹Ը
һҲޱȣΪϴԼ϶ϽԼ˼ԼäĿԴ֪棬ǵ͵ѡȽϱ·ǰ


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ȫһ꣬һһ˱ܿ׷ɱͬʱҲʹϢһأӵıǸϢ鱨
һ·һϢȴסȫעԭһǰʮħۺʮߵ龹Ȼڲǰ֪˭˴̶ʱ䣬֪ˡ
ȻħԼ֪Щ˵˶Ϊһɱǣ֪һŸһ֮Կ󶥼
һΪϢ˵Ƕ顣ߺ棬Ǻ棬һͷκһҲй¶
תһ룬̫ӴȻǿͬʱҲݬ룬ֱӾб̽Сһ鱩¶νǳ֮⣬֮С
бв֣ǵĿľͺܼˡǾǽһôһħϣӶıȡ档
Ȼһ˶ԣǣҪĽɱкñлһһ֮սֵ¼гȥ֮Ǿͽ˵۽֮С
ԭǰлɶɽ٣˸ֱֳ֣ӽһץ񣬻ĨɱôǾԵԴС˷֮󣬿Ҫ˶ãᵴȻ޴档
ڵ֪Ϣʱһ˲׺ûָܰ٣Ͼǿ߱ȨһЦ֮Լĸ·
·ƽûг̫ã߱չֳޱص죬ԽɱͿʼˡ
Ȳֵľħ򡣵֪ڿѷ⣬̫ԴСһʵȻֻħɱ
ħȻֶԸһʵĲ̫һûж֣ǻ޽ͽħ۸ֹȥغϾͱΪ޽е֮Դ
ħ֮󣬸ûһͣϢҲų֡ƺħкһ㣬ɳߡȻҲ䵽ȥˡ
νɱ޹֮󣬷ħнɱͬʱ䷢͡νƲģҲӲҲʼв˶һһ˽ɱ
һֳΪֻԪӤƽճ֣СףƷƶŮҲͱֺΪԾвٲ֡
ֻЩ˸һ뵽Դͳҩ̫٣ŲɱЩˣ֮佫֮׽ƴ뷨ͷŵӿռ￴ҩȥˡ
ȻЩ͹ƻ֮⣬ǷħߡǳͶǷһĸ֣ǴкһһһΣ֣ÿһζһ˸ǿ
ħۣħۣ𡭡ȻվܽһһҲսֻǿˡ
һ˿϶ǣöƷɽ̽ٲȻһֹѩ̬ƣҪħϮɱԼһӴޱȵѩ
ħܹݺôЩ꣬ȻҲޱ֮ˣȻнڿڣǲó֣ҲһǼܹģҾʹȥֲʧҲԳܡ
ħĵĴνɱȻͷŵĵĴνɱͬʱ˫ͬʱһǰ֮ǰֻиλĸֲͬһħɳ˶ʮλħۣŸɳ˶ʮߡ
Ƴˮ߸ֳһǰȻûԵıʾҲûʲôͻȻһǰ²⣬˫ԼһһһҪԸ˾ʹﵽǰδеʮ񼶸֡
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ҹһȺħֱڡ޽֮ĥԭŸƷأأٲȻһ̵ֿģ
˭֪һһ֣ڲķֶΣȻǣȴѹƵЧֱӴ󷨣һ޽


һ һ
һȺŸֳԾģһЩ뵽Լ̨֮һȺͶҪʱܽȥһ̰壬ΪһεõԾ
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һȣ˺һħ۸ְʬѪڤڤ֮еħͷ˲䣬һǿƳϣָĥȥǿ˺ü֡
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һĺһãħ۽޽סٳԼֱӳħ׷ȥ
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ƽʱֶΣҪϲһͨԼʵĥԼֶΡ
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һУһͷԸоãȻֶڶ࣬ҲҪϢ¶ȥٵͷЩϧ
ץЩ鷳ˣȻˣ˴Ҳ˾ʰһ˰ɣ
䣬תͳ޽ڷȥգ۾͸ϵĿԿȿռ֮У޽ѹһȺħ֡
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˶ɽٸָһ֣һɹɺ֮ɢǸӦʲôǰһڷħֶԾĵطֻǴʱȥ¥գȿռҲûаá
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һȺħ֣ŵʱħ۲лѾҲ۲˵˼仰ɢҲǷţǺħŵһĻ


һ ǰƽ
ħħһɳĸˣΪԭָֻܱӣܳ档鱦סħۣڽʱأֶΡ
˭֪ۿܹõһ󼴱ʣһл꣬ҲһնɱͷνʮֵĲ
ħۻԣħҲѯʣֻǾʱһȺħͷٴιĳĬƬ̣ħļʧʱ򣬻ҲǷǿŵ˵ˣΡΡĽ
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ڳħͷ֪ħϲŭ޳˿ߣǵòˣȫɱˣæԼһ˵ʱúħ뷨תȥˡ
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һΣڱչһ꣬ɱ¾֮һٴδ⣬ֶãٲȥˡ
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ȻоĿҪԼһĥͬг۲أ
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˱Ϊһƣ㲻ҲҪѯ䣬˭֪һھҪֱǿûбˣһҪ֡
һʱ֮䣬󶼱صѪΣֻۼżϮһһ̻۳һ˳


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̤ѪǰſģֻɶԶԶ͸һһһһףͷ°ֳ뷢ѾһƥѪģ
ƽһ˴˿»ҪЦһ֮ͨͫԷͷԵ׹⣬бǽ˷ܵĸо
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һҲǵһμɽٸֱ֣ǵһΣͷȽϹΣԲû̫£ͷв²⡣
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ֻһһΪ˵ãֶĶ࣬žʶͨõֶΣܶԷӰ죬аյԷһΪ
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һ˵ɽΪΪǰкҲΪءӦһٱǳڣǶȹڣȹڶٱǶɽٺڡڶȹ٣ǽԲֱӿĴڡ
ȻҲ˵͹һ٣ʮһܹȹڶ٣ʮ˲ܹȥһڵ٣ǸǰҲһˡνȹˣͺգȲɻңӴɢ
ҲΪɽÿһ߶գͬǶɽڣÿһСʵǿĲǰ󾳽֮ĲࡣһɽٳڸܹԸԲ֣һɽڸ־ͿܶԸɽٳڸ֡
һԼʵԶɽٳڸˮ׼޽Ҳһ㡣
ԶɽٸֵʱҪľж϶ԷʵǶɽٳڣĥֶΣǶɽڣٻ޽ҲԺöһǡɽٺڡֱˡ
ȻǶɽٸ֣ͷӲŨټԪ֮вûʲô֮ûжȹֻǶɽٳڣ˿ÿĥĥֶˣ
뷨Ҳһ˲֮䣬һȻ˶Բߣһɫĺ췢棬ȻһЦԭǺ췢棬ֻǿϧҴû˵ʲôͷʲôģҲᣬ˵Ǹи֣Ҳʶʶ
췢汾ƲһĳЩҪﵽս֮ЧǰһǺһڣҲһ¡һԼɽһ׼ŵƨ˭֪һ£һǰϷŪ
һ˲֣ǷҲл𣬸˵췢ħ֮ʿ˼һתҲһܹв²鷳һӣͲг֡
췢治Ƕɽٸ֣һӣ۵ƺѪͬʱɽƾͳһѹ˹ȥ
һУѰڣԲΪϢѣֻѡӲĴԪ֮޷һС
һǳˣȻϢƳӲһҲķѶԪȴ㡣ЦһƮȻ
޽ϣݣһӣһɳۼŽҪѪײ˲䣬ɷ׽˲ֿ˿ֱϷѪ˸š
ֻһžʵۺĺѪ˾Ȼ֣ȻڳһƽȴֶͬΣ֮·ֱΡ
췢ֳһ˿죬˵һ˵ֻ֣Ȼһô׾ʹƣЩԾ
һϷʵı飬Ȼûж湦򣬺췢ͷһһ䣺Ȼ˲ü񡣡
Ϊɽٸ֣ԲһССԪӤʿֵܹԼҲʩչŵֶΣЦһ߶ͬʱԼһɱ˹
νԽϣԽС֮󣬻϶ý˳˽ҲͲˡһ췢澹Ȼͷʱһϲ˷ܵһХһ谭Ҳɱȥһ˲Ϣݹײһ
췢ʩչټħֶΣצ֮һףǹűħצӶɽ֮ƣһʹ仯һֳ޽һ󽣾ֱָ֮⡣


һ սɽ٣У
һ֣˶ӲӲצԽ棬һ챬촫ռ䱻˺һ϶˺ѵĿռ˳֮еĺƺѪҲ˺ѳƬһӵĴȱ¶ɭȻ֮⡣
ֻһһݹӱը֮Ǻ췢һ˸Է˰ɲͣ£¶ûһƣûС
һж˸պսһƽɫֻͬĽ˵ıȴͬһϲ֮⣬·Ǿúһ㣻Ǻ췢ͬ˷ŵİ֮⣬֮ݡ
ԭź췢Ҫһһһצ֮Ѿʹ˰˳Ϊܹץ˭֪һ֮£ȫԤŰɱСĸоͬ
Ժ췢һһȻǷȱ۽ϬСܴﵽͬ˺ˮ׼ȻǴħΪǿһߡ
Ҫ֪Ȼͳħ޳һߵħ·ߣĥͳħ޶ǿһץȥƾץƷµķͬ嶼Ӳƴһǡ
һӳܱǿһԵõЦݣǻ̬·ࡣ췢浱һһ塮
Ŵնɱʮħۺͷ𣬿Ȼ飬ƾһֽһڶɽ֮޵СϹɱһΪʲôıҪңһʮþȣǵֲˡֻǷΪȡ棬Ը³֣ȴЩﻢ¡ʤˣҲһʤҪȫ˿¼ѣǵʱǺϹ˼Ҫһˣ͵ʴô»С£ܹҸὫϹƳʱһֻ֣ͬҪնɱ˴ӣϵܣԶ˲˵һӦʮþˡڵڶ٣Ҳмɻɣ
⣬췢ϻָ˷ŵİȻ֮ɫֻ֮ԴɵȻѾһֿͬˡ
һͷûк췢ôչգȻֻһȴɽٸֵĵһʽ棬̫֮һνӽȫԸ
ƽȻҲ֣ԸǿҲǷڣûȫ֣һʮݵ£ܶ㶼ڸ
һȫԸȻһȴƽ¶ĽֶΣŵ෽׶˽¶֮󣬺ܿ뷨ĽֲȻûֱսȴΪ档
һԹ˫սһ֪Լ췢ͬһĴڣԷʲôֶΣԼҲС޽ѹ
Լ췢תۼɫ˼䣬ƺ¶ɱ֮⣬Ҳ˿壬ħû֣ȳ
һһգۼ˾룬һо׵Ľͬһ㳯췢ɱ췢״ɫȻһ˫צһһ
һʱ佣⣬ץ׷ɣһƿ˻𣬱ըѿռ䣬˺ƴԭö˶һ󱻴÷ֱҡҡ׹
ʼʱ򣬺췢滹ܷʰ󷨣һһ鷳˺һԽԽ죬ԽԽԽԽЩܲ
Ȼ췢潫һͬҲԪӤΪԼԼȻԪӤΪͷҲ죬׼ֻ˳ɣųɡ
ֻ֪һĵÿÿǿһͺ֮ܿǿŶĲ룬һ;׵ĽҲѸΪʵֵҲĥƽ¶һԲһĸо
ڸóֽڻһУʩչʱһ˿ͷӿ𣬽෨ţֶζͷӿһһһɢǧ
ʱһڵı仯Ǻ췢沢֪һʱ򣬵һθоһγжƵĸо
һѪĸоӿͷòǿ˫צ͹һһʮݣͼһС˭֪һһһһǰһвͬͬƵĸо
ѵȻ̶ܹʱͿצһһƲɣ
ں췢ǿתͷߵĳ嶯еʱһ˫ĿͻȻһ΢⣬һʵ죬λúȴޱȵꡣ
췢״ѣҪٴƾƣ˭֪һצȥһɽ˫צϮҺΪħ֣ʩչй֮ѿȥˣҲᵽǧû˫о


һ սɽ٣£
ô£
췢ͷɻæתħԪ߱˲ָתͷһһ˿ɻ˲仯ŭ
ԪӤԲ
췢֪ʲôȻһһսԼĥԪͻԪӤﵽԪӤԲʱͻƺĳ̶ȡ
һ뵽һԪӤΪʵѾԼƽ룬ͻԪӤﵽ壬ʵٴҲǶˡ
췢Ծ֮󣬺ܿ¶һ˿Ц⡣Ϊһ磬һСı仯תĹгһ˿϶Ԫһɬ
νսͻƣҪôʵ㹻ǿ󣬲¶ֳû͵ϮҪôػзֶΣǾӱżˣȥˡ
Ϊɽٸ֣췢沢һھʱ㹻Լʲô֮ʲôֵܹסԼɽ֮ġ
վԭأ͵ȴһԪһ˿ɬʱһ֣ͽһ
ֻһ˻Ȼһ壬ԪתԽԽԽԽ˳Ȼûаɬ˼ú췢濴ͷЩż⵽׼ȴȥ̳֣ʧȥĻᡣ
ں췢ԥʱһϲԪڳһ˿΢΢һưħԪȻԪ档
췢ϲϹ˵ӿħͬޣϷ򻹲ţһȻˣ֪ηû뵽һСԪɣСӣˣһȫ̫
췢ͷϲһЮƾͳһ˹ȥת˲֮һǰһֳצֱץͷ飬һֳɻƣţȻ˫£׼һɱ
ȻһһƺıԪɣ˵֣һҲֻź췢һɱһּУգں޵ȵ֯
췢ǾϹ֣һ֪һĵˣûαĺۼ˼һתһһԼû뵽Ԫɵűץסôһûᡣ
Ȼް㷴֮Һβһɱֱ֮ӴʬߣһôȫңαظϺڹֺô뻢ıƤأ
췢һˣ˵ԭ׼ֳתƿն˿䣬һǰĳȥ
žž
ı죬һԪħԪ͵סһצһƣֱͻƣһͷ­һֱӱУ˵ըѪƮɢѪ췢ûʤϲãȻ
ôᣬ൱һצһܹҲܽóѵ˵ǿ׳Ǹͺ¿һͨĴߡϵķأأ޲T׽޲TУأЩȥˣ
췢еһͷ󣬷׼ߣʱʲôû̵߲߶ûáѪ⣬񣬵һ̣Ѫƺһ˵ҪһٲȻ˵뵽ǲʲôֲɫ˲Ǻ졣
ãмƣ
һ췢ҪƿռֶΣֱ˭֪ոշȻһ಻˺Ʋ˿ռ䡣ͬʱһϤ
ӣˣ
һϸ緢˿Ŀռѷ֣һֱϮϢһʹ޽ʲô˵ʲôͬΨһͬľǴʱĽ֮ǰǿһ֡
췢תͷתӦһ־צ䣬ԼҲ˺ƿռ䣬׼ߡ
ֻһò׽ԼͻƵĻᣬħͷ׾ȥ΢΢һһûģ͵צ⣬Կٶֱ̺췢汳Ķȥ
췢ҲǴħͷΪԼ׼ֶΣϮƽıֶη׷ʩչǷֶ֮β
ϧǣһһǽ֮е֮һ򷨡ֶζһƣԼֶξҲԼɱ
Ժ췢ĸ֣óһɱһʹ˼³ΨһıǲƿշɶݵֶΡ
˭֪ƿշɶѾһʹá޽סȥδʱ򣬽ѹȹϢĻᣬŽöɽħѹȳģ
ۼһ˿ħԪǿһ屦һڽѹ飬췢ɫһƬһƬǰϣеϹٲһľ㣡


һ ּ
һ𴫳ûм޽Ľɷ鱦⣬ѹȺ췢棬һз·͵һ䶨
췢ԹʱѾûлֻ֮ͷĳ뷢ſһ˫۾ֱֱŽ⣬˫״ƺ׼ͷӲһĽ档
һڡ޽֮Уһ̣ƺҲ϶ʤڿϴҡڵ߳췢ģһ״Ҫ˵ʲôʱһڹڤڤнֱֱȥ
һǺ췢ԭһɫһ˿ƺľݡΪ⵾ݣ͵ھѪٴγס屦ⲻ
ȴ˵һʱʮǶҲʮֵ꣬ȻӦǿз׶һһ۱֪˱췢滹Ҫǿһߡ
ʱ֣һ͵Ϯ췢νһޣǳ䲻ֻһһȥΧǰ޽ųȥˣǼ϶û㹻
ۼһͻأķ̣ɱ֮˾Ҫڱֶϵʱ򣬵һĵȻЦ⣬ƺҪĲһ޹ؽҪ˰ˡ
ͼǺڹֻɲת˲ͻᱻɱʱ򣬺һ˻˷ƾһһȻסɱһ
ƾմһףƺһкֶҺǿ˵ϡһ˲䣬һڹӿ£ŵɱٲȻ͵Ϯɣǿ
һ͸оڲֻ࣬Ǵ̫أҲѰԳԼٴԪӤԲĻᣬӽӿռ֮ץħ滻ԼΣôһҽϷ
һϷ̺һƲߣһװԪɣú췢֮һͬɱ˼ƳɹܸıаܸǳЩͷڶƣ֮˲֣һһνƾͼƺȫɱ췢ģһ췢˺ʵڴ֮˳֣֮˻һϷ˴˻ᣬ췢׽һôҲ
һֻҪһɹ˳¡ֻıˣ죬ƹƣҲȫա׼ִеƵʱ򣬰̲֮סʼ֣һƻҲûա
һƲԷλãһȻһЦּ佫޽ʩչžŵ⣬һĿռѷ죬Ǻӣʳ
ǺӰһ΢΢һǺڹ⹥𣬶һռ䲨һڶǺ룬ٲȻҪ˺ѿռ䣬Բﾡ뽣ռ֮С
ֻƺҲһĿģΪɽٸ֣Ȼڡ޽򡯵ǿ󣬵ռ󷨱⣬͵һһµĿռѷ֣ͬһʯӣס޽򡯵һ϶ýռ޷ȫպ
޽ǽϵֶΣ֮ǰʹóǹԵأɱ˻ʬ㾹Ȼȴͷһ⣬ɼɽٸֹȻǷܹ⡣
ֻһҲûлţһЦĿſһλã¼Ȼ֣αضأĳ
˻һһЦãããԭνϽ󡯾ô˼Ǵ˽Ȼϡϡ֡ػɱħֶĹͰɡϧе߾ֶ֮ΣУ̫ϧȰ㻹ǹԹԽɣ㹻һԿһ
䣬һעĿһ˿ռ䲨һ˴˳˲ǰ׷һ䣬Ҫɱᱦĺħ˭ˡ
һȻ֪ħôһξᣬ⻰ʱҲ׶Էħĸ֣˼һ֪Ϊʲôһ췢澹ȻɱԼˡ
ɱ־ԣҲʲô⻰ҲشֻһЦһָȵ޾ޣڣС⣡
˵䣬ְ﷽Բġ޽ѸСԭԲʮͬʱҲ˺ħõĿռѷ죬ûκ˷Ӧֱ˺췢ȥ
췢ΪǰһҪͶҶԼ֡뵽һǵƬ̶ûͣ¶Ĺںħֵ˲תȫԼֶζƵġ
ֻһž죬ں췢澪ŵĿ֮Уһ⳹ױ顣һβ޽ѣһǡ޽򡯳ѪڣҪһԶ˹
췢ôһᵽʲôСּ


һһ ʵǲп
ħΪԼ֣䲻˵ƴ䣬ҲһͶ⶯֮֡ԿڣҲΪܹȰ˵һͶֻΪһʱ䣬ú췢滺һˡ
˭֪һȻ˫֣Լ޷¶Լǰһֱӵķŭһִûǰļͬʱ֯ںħͷ
С̫ѵҲڲɣȻһɱ췢ϹѵΪʮָһָôϧһָͷɲҵġҪɱɱɱͬʱҲܽˣʱһҲܽ£ȻԤְ֮ͬöˣ
ħͷϲһ췢ҲԼҪһЩѶȣ󷨵֮£˵ûҪܱһֶξԸ췢棬Ļᡣ
Ȼдȡˡȴ֮ɫħ־ޱߺףһɫ糯һͷɱȥ
һƪɫǺħĳһ֣ԲﻯǶԸˣǶԷͬɽٸӲһҲҪˡ
ʱһ޽͡޽򡯶ȥԸ췢棬һֻһɫۣ£ķ۱˵ֵǲҲֶθ߳ˡ
ħͷϲȴִ磬Ҫպһɱ췢˲䣬ԾȵʱУܽﵽ󻯡
ȴ˵һߣ췢ħ֣Ȼлһ˿ڴϣԽԽĽ⣬ԽǿԼħǹһ˿ЦݣĶ˹ȵס
ֻʱһûиϢĻᣬ壬ֱӷס޽͵طһšѪڡһ£ͽ췢ûС
ħ״֪ԼֵʱˡһХŻ΢˲һ͵سһͷ
ֻûԤеѪģҲûеʹҽУһһޱȵĹûġ
ԭסһٱĹľȻֻһ㿴ʹΣһŹ֮һöɢɫâÿâ˶оܰͰġ
ǡ½⻹ޱˣ
ħƺԼ۾ʹۣǰһлûа仯ͷı仯ȴͬ췭ظıԸӡ
˵޲TħУȻˣ޲T֮ôŨ񡣻ΪʵƸǣ˾󣬱ħԳ֣ѵ˵Ѿõ޲TħǵϿɣӳ˲ɡ˵˻Խ͵Ļǹô˵ⶫǵȲĴ鲻ɡѰ֮ҲһõҲͷŵͺ¿죬һ㡣Сӱħͷħͷôõ蹦¡Ҫ֪⹦¿֮һа֮ĿǣҲ˵СӾûбֶΣһ½ųܽħŴֶοסټһʵǵԵﻹдıҪ
뵽ħӷŵһ˫֮ѹһͷͲϼ֪ҪһػɱһѾǷôˡ
ֻΪħڵħħ־ᶨѰһתͼžй½⣬ޱˣԼֻҪȥͬԻɱһõôڽǹºת޵Լϡ
һͷ˹½⣬˲ϼɽ٣ԭʮɵپҪ䵽ɣٴδɽٳɵĻᡣ
ֻһ仰˵úáõģʵǲпġħȻűʤһһ͵׺ȥûܳƱһһҲȻԵõվ棬˼ȥ
һһסǹһ˿Цݡһ˿ЦںħУ·һԼķ̡
һʱ֮䣬̰ŭ໥֮£ħһ˫ƾջһۼͬʱдʣһ߳·ʲôһǿƴ
һЦⲻģ˫ȴ΢΢һУԵЩءûжҲûʩչֶΣΪͷһʶ롮޽֮С
޽֮һһʶ壬վں췢ǰλɽһԼɫʮѿȴһ䶼˵
췢棬ԸӦһĿڵ
ȻҪҳΪ⽣֮Դȡ̫ˣҲһ֣ץңҪɱҪϤ㣬ңûţ췢ȻӡȴһҪǵϲɣſʼǿӲ


һ ʯ
ԭ޽Ȼǿ󣬵һΪ֮˵һ̫֮ͣеķɽȻ㹻Ʒ̫ͣԼССæҲǿдӷڻȡΪ֮Դˡ
ں췢Ķɽٸ֣ǲһԪ棬Ԫ񼶣ΪӦٵԭԪѾԪЩһζǿȡԪ첻Ҿ쵽ˣҲԪɣԡ޽򡯷з
һץ˺췢֮󣬲ûתսǽ˼䣬Ȱ鸽ԹԷ
췢Ҳǳ۳нǧĴڣһ˾֮е˾Ȼ޽򡯵ȴҲһ̬ϴĦԼļֵ
ҪҰҲǲԣֻҪ⿪һҳȥҿ㲢սϹնɱǵʱϵĺôҪһ룬ɱħɽٸֵ飬ҿɲڸǵġ췢Ȼ˵
һԣ֪췢֮ʨӴ󿪿ڣΪ˷ּۻ֮ۡǰӣ˵輸ȦףȻסħպֶΡ
ֻһѾɱϵӣϴʱȴЩСУһЦͽ޽С
Ҫʲô췢һ֮ҲһԸɱԼôһ֡
ʲôܼ򵥣Ȼɱⱦնɱ֣ɽٸֻǵһ˵ʹѪⱦͻƷ飬أ
ʲôҪɱҼ췢ɫ΢䣬ͷ΢΢ˡ
ɱ˼Ȼ㲻Ϊãʲô֮һħҲɱˣһ˭֪ɱ˭ϢȻй¶
һĨĨ棬̸ʮƽ·ڸ˵һ췢ɫԽԽףôóһ滰ûһǻ
ֻû뵽ԤԼļֵСӦһּۻۣ˫ȡһλȻһ
ʱһͺԹСʿȫһǿ̬صġһֻһѡǻ߲ǡĻᡣ

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һλᣬ˳߲һȻ¶ģӦɱˣ֪췢ԥҲϸһᣬֻĥպյĶȴûͣ£ȻûΪᣬɱ˵ľġ
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˭֪ûڣһѾ˼һֱԳһöɫĵͬʱ˵һöѪƵƷ鵤Ѿԣָܻһƣиһ㣬ⵤҩ֮Ѿ˽ƣֻҪҩ壬һ˿ҲҪܽƿƣӴ˾ͳΪҵūͣҪҪӳҵĿơȻֻҪĹµҲΪ㣬պɽٵһܰһѡǾ仰˳߲Լ
췢һ㶣һö쵤ҩһ˿̰֮ɫ𷽲һ˵ļʣ૵Ʒ鵤ԵƷ鵤ﻹжɽٸֵ磬ٲȻɫŮһ㡣
ҲܹҪ֪Ʒ鵤Ʒ鵤Ȼֻһ㡣֮ȴ֮ڴжϾĽգƷµ鵤ȻȴҲֳ֮Ƴ
Ʒϵ鵤̺Ĵڡķ񼶸ָ޷ķΨжɽٸ֣һ߶ȫܾһһơˣɹҲǵ͵ÿ
Ϳ췢Ϊɽٸ֣һҲԵɺ֮·ùһöƷ鵤ڷͻƶɽ֮зã֮ѰңûѶͿɼһߡ
һһöƷ鵤Ե鵤ֻһܳɾ͵飬ΪǻĴڡ
鵤ѰƷ鵤͸ѵáϹţһöƷ鵤֮вųһö¸һöƷ鵤֮УҲһöԵĵҩ
һö鵤ļֵǾͱǺ췢涼ȣһʱ䣬һԼʯ˵ĸо


һ Ծһ
ԵƷ鵤ˣ˵ָƣܼĻֱӴﵽɽǰԲԽҩֳ֧һ٣˵֮ǰֻһɰգ鵤ɰˣ
һ˲䣬췢ԭԺ׼˵Ǻһ˲ȫʧΪģһö鵤ͳĵ̫࣬ĻҪࡣ鸽һ֮⣬һ˵ĿĶܴﵽ
ֻ췢üͷһ壬¶ģһá̧һѾͽǡѪƵץһſھȥ
ͬƷ鵤С׵˾Ҫһİ£֪֮󡯲췢ȴ̷ֱɼʵ
һ״ҲֹȻĿһĻƬ֮оԺ֮һϢǺ췢ġܹƺ췢ֶΣģͿԴﵽҪҪĵز
һЩֶΣиĿ̫֮ϵԵΪֶΡֻҪԷҩȥͻڲ֮ˣԽ࣬ԽƾԽǿǣתҲܽѡ
һõʱ򣬱㿼ǹ÷ֻǴ˷ʩչҪ鵤ΪϹʱ̫ϵҲֻôһЩްˣһҲΪ췢ȷʵǿڣ³⣬ʹðˡ
Ʒ鵤ͬСɣһ˿ҩ췢͸оƻָʱһҲķӡоڵĽƣҵԼݣĳһһݣ
һ״һЦ񡮴޽򡯵֮ԴѾ㣬Ҳ췢һ͵ͷ췢߰ɣǺѻء
췢ԣɫĵ˵ͷǹһ˿⣬ȻǶԺħԹѾˡ
ȴ˵ʱħֶθպ׼룬һھѪ籡ע֮Уһɳ̵ĺɫѶ£һƬ۶С֮ǿֱһС𶯲ѣ·ʱҪһ㡣
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һŭϲͷ⣬ֳֳһָССҳưԵȻˣҵҪԵҵĽԵ
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һڽ֮·ϵѡߣ־ǿȻͬʱͬʱ򣬵ȴƫѡ˽֮Ե
ǿԵһôǧ򽣷ڻͨһһԼ°Ե֮
һʱ䣬ǺųԵ֮һԾµİԵ֮һ𡣽һ㣬һڶƾճ֣·ռ䶼ܲסҪȿռ䷢й
ȻǺڶҲܲסǰԵޱȵĹֻάɢʱԾ¶
һ𶯿ռ䳯˷ȥ֮ݣɽʯ飬Ͼһͻߣһ£ͲǡͿ̿ĸݡ
ײ˰ʱĿν󣬱ǺħĶɽٸ֣Ҳֻһ̷׼õĵҩһǿŵ
һȴͬһϲ⣬ƺ˿ûġԭһԪ񣬻öƷ鵤֧֣˵ʲôģǽһǶԺ䣬ٴνԪӤԲĶĥԲһЩ²Ķ
ȴ˵ڶ˺ݱʱһ΢ĳâͻȻӺħͷ𣬹⻪һħͷʮɣʱ򣬼ȫĶԸһĺħҲع
췢㣡ħ̧ͷǺ֮еĺ췢棬Ǿ֮ɫ
ңϹû뵽ɣ췢ȻһЦ˿飬һ˫צͳħץȥ
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췢һЦףûз裬֮ǰȫңҲǻѣǻһɱˣΣ㱳ңҲ鸽ˣҪɱȻ㣡
ˣѵħ㵵һ˫۾ֱˣһܹʱնɱ췢ȴûȻո
Ѿ鸽ˣԣϹɣ˵䣬췢˫צһӣٴγħȥ


һ 
һʱ֮䣬ҪֵһİԾһҪӦ췢ĽǺħҲмܲסά˰㹦򣬾Ϊ޷һһֱӽӴޱȵͷ­Ƭ
ͷǺħһһͷɽĵѪ⾫ɣ˵ϢϢءƽʱ򶼱ɱʹãһ½⣬ޱרſħҲȡ
еķҲش֮£ҲܵСԭ˳ħԪͻȻһͣ͡
ڷ͹ĺ췢Ȼͣͣͺ޼˺ħϷŹ㲡ҪĴûᡣʱƷ鵤ҲºķѣһھѪצ֮У͵һֱӺ䵽ħǰ
ֻػһ˫צǰֵס׷ɢᡯצںħɼǵץۡ⻹ͬǿ׳Եʣˣһץ¾Ҫ˺Ƭ
ˣĵʹҲúħƺһۼ˺췢⣬һҲɢɱ֪ȥٲͣһ˺ƿռͷɱȥ
췢æ׷ȥˣ󷨷ס
һ֣Ҫ췢ѣͷһȻ˻ϣ޽Ѿһ˵˺ħڣҪһԶ˴ռ䴫뽣ռ䡣
ħɫǵͨ죬һƾջ֣һԼɵĿռѷبڽռſڣռζ䲻
ħʼʩһǹһ˿Цһָһռѷ֮ͬ⣬Ȼ׼ȿռȫóˡ޽󡯵һ֣κħʩչռ䷨򣬲ǰưˡ
ħû뵽һôƽ֮һڽʱǰ׷ж½أƽ﷨ޱߵһľ档
췢ЦŨŨеϹҲн죬ħСңҺ췢Ҫһһֻ
ħɫѿȴֻûʧȥϣź췢һҲ˸Ϲ֪ԼǲʹУҲֻ췢һΪһū͡Ϊɽٸ֣ħħġ
һɲǣ˾˫һöȥ
һһ۾ϳöǵħ۲лѵǿ飬췢ΪħѣȻ֪һһЦϹһóۣѾ˷ԲҲӳȥһͬ˳ˡ
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ħͶ޽϶϶ͷϲͳ˳ȥȥգۼͽҪͳȥ
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ۼźħʧǰ췢߲ѣȴҳ鱦ȥ׷ϾҪҪһȴͬһʱը鱦Ȼ˹ȥ
췢״Ҫһ䣬ȴ˼Ϊ֪һֻԪӤΪʵǿ֮£ֻһӣʾһģȴûڡ
ȴ˵һߵҫâǰ¶һ˿أʱ鱦ƺ̼ܵը֮ʼͷų
һ״߳һӷ𡯣طɳ֮оʶ֮ͨ»һѿһ磬ǵһЩԴᱦ
ֺֻʮһֻһָһᱦ֮֮һͬķģƮƮ¾ͽը鱦һʱ֮䣬ǧһıըȻ鱦˻ȥ


һ ո
һ״һ˿ϲ˫Ŀ΢գʼͷط⣬ʼ֮С
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һģ鱦ΪԵóƵϢһɨһΪʲôҪҡ
һ֪鱦ѯԼҲ˿ε֮ºǾʹ˻񲻿ϧո㣬Ϊá
鱦ԣƬ̣ҲűʿѣѵΪһô
һԵõĹһЦΣΣ֮Ա㣬ԼʵˣʵǿܷĹãľܣȻ飡
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һǿߣΪ鱦Ҫ˼ӳֻ֣ҪˣֽپѲ֣˵ԸΪѱȻűʹóȴаԹԡ
˵ңҼ˶үպ涼пܣСܵ㻹ǹˣպô࣬αطǵأ˿˵˱һֱƷոû񿪿ڼһ˼Ůӡ
鱦ͬʱȰ˵鱦ҲʼǺħƣԸҲ̸ټϷűǶһʵǿҲġ
һͷ鱦ƿʼ飬ŷӡ͡౦ľһСһͨͬʱһʱ
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һ񹥻С޽СټһöġȻսԴԭġǿֲĳ̶ȡ
һ֮䣬÷Ժ֮תԺ췢һ䣺߰ɣͷɵ棬ʼŪ
췢һֱԱߣΪԼѾ֪һļֵϸżոʩչֶΣʱԼ˽ˡһߣŻָһǡȥ
ͣҲ֪ȥڴΣʹٴδ͵ʱ򣬺췢Żæѯʵʲô㡣һԣ¶һصЦݵȥҪծ
췢汻ͻأĻ˵һ㶣ʵʱһȴû뵽Լݣ췢ԹԵĸһߡ
ȴ˵һߣħȻ׶ӣȴûʱʹ˰ݣͷһһö⣬ı˴ͷ򣬾ֱһطȥ
һĵóǰûбĶСûУеֻѹֵĵá
ոճ֣һǰѯʲôǺħ׷׶Ϲ񡣺ħЩˣʹĲֻʻָȻĵ˵ͷ˹ȥԶһ֮вŴ
˵ħȥɱһ޲Tеôôʱصħأ
Ҳ˵ˣòʵǿѾɱ˼ǲˣ˵ǻҾȱİɣ
Ҳ˵ʵǿѵܱȵùħôҿǻҪȨޣҪɱأ
пܣ౦˭ɱռ˴ˣħӦأ
⻰ħԵͷʾͬ⣬ʱһӿһĵط֪ħЩأ


һ 
⼸ΪͶǲħĵħŸ֣Ϊһħۼڵĸɫһ䣬ͬʱɫĵطɱ˹ȥ˭֪ǵĹ̶֮ͬУްϢ
Ϊħ۸ֿߣ׼ˣԼߵʱһЦߣһתڳһ߰˸ħŸ˲ʧ
Ƭ֮һ˳ԭأһ˭ˡ˺췢滹֮⣬⻹һħ۸֣ǰΪͷħۡ
ħˣط˵ֻǱµħҲûһҵ׼ȷ·˵ħսǰڣһмԶ֪Ҳǣ֪ʵΣ
ϣȷʵˣ˴˵ħ˱֮ǿıݣ˴פĶɽٸ־нʮλħ۸٣Сֻ֮һˣ
ԭˣһ˼ĵ˵ͷǹһ˿ЦȻǿݣرҲķɣȻˣϲܷŹôһᣡ
ħ۸ֱһֶ֪εΣ⻰ɫһ䣬Ȱ˵ȴһֹסض˵ֻҪڣԼͳͳ˵˴󹦣
ħ۸ԣҲΥ棬һ룬㽫Լ֪˵˳Ƭ֮һȻһЦãܺã췢һһƱ
췢һֱ̺һԣȻһνġʲô˼ƽʱħнʮɽٸ֣ϰٵħ۸֣ﶼңһ̫漣뵽Լαعô࣬㹧ĵͷŵ
һ췢̬ȣͷֵΪ⣬ּ䣬һӰ֣סƾʧ·ûгֹһ㡣
ȴ˵һߣħ֪Լһֱĳħȥ֪󷨽ƣһ谵ĴϣʮΣһѪɫ棬·ѪҺȼһ㡣
ںħոտȥ˲䣬һӰѪɫͶȻһڽϡ
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ħԣûһɱˣҿǱɱࣿ
ŶôȥʮħۣѵԸһССԪӤʿôʵ㲼ּӣѵܳʲôⲻɣ
ҲּӣħһЦ֣ܳ»ʲô⣬Ҳ֣ܳǾͲ˵ˣҴȥЩħÿһܹˣõһҲֻһл꣬Ҳҷˣ
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⻰ڳͶӰ˵ħͬʱԾһħĽе˵ȫûˣ
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һ仰ѪɷħƺҲЩɵŭһٲػҪ֪ȻǶ⣬Щνϼһﻹһء
ʱħҲͣΪħڵף˵ǾʵһȻǶɽٲܿ⣿
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˻һһƽħһЦⱾҵȻҪ֣
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˺ħ۷׷ױʾԸ֣Ϊ׵ħ˵ͷ˵һ˿ӵ·
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һȺħŭ׷ջͶӰһɹǿƴӵ˷Ȼħˡħ״ҲЩɻֱ±ⷽȥ
ħۣһʱ䣬ħʱԭ汦ĵطֻһڿ˵һⶼˡ


һ һڹ
νߣħΪ֮һȻפж෬׼ħ֮һΪһӶṥıݡ
ǽħ򿴳ңǽ׶ľҪأ֮Ϊ֪ľݵֻǴկһĴڡ
ҪΪ˹Եض裬Ϊ˷˹г˷ɭϣƲ˵·ͷǵħħֲ֪Ѱħ۸ֻܱ˴Ҳڡ
˵Դӽ֪꣬ħܹĴħȴ˿û¡
˭֪⣬׼ζԸһСһʱԼϳ˰Ȼ̩ɽıݾȻϮװʵıҲˡ
ⲻǶӵ⣬ʧ޴⣬ֱҲر󣬵Ϊ㹻ħħʹõʮӴ󣬱һȺ˵ļҵҲȲϡ
һ뵽ණ⳥һȺɽٸ֣ħˣɫ˲ѿͬһƬ
ڽͬʱһȺħҲʩչֶҳˣһ˲ʮʶɨ䣬ħ
ԶɽٸֵֶΣ˵һһС綼ת˲֮ɨ飬ֶͷ
һΪˣħǽħеÿһɳӶɨ˼㣬ϧǱ˵Եˣëûһ
ħ˷ŭǳԾˡҪ֪ħȻΪл壬أΪдãԲƿռȥ˱һڳȥ
һ飬Ǿʹ˷ϽܴƤӵ¾ӳȥʵȴǲμ飬ȴûһڴˡ
ʱǸոջطħ׼һħɱһĺħǺڶȱڣһ˿ȣƺ뵽ʲôæȵٿħסħõˣ
⻰һȺħ˹˱ʾɻֱӼһЦϾôħûҵˣħֲǿģȻҵˣʮ֡
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һʱ֮䣬ħ뵽ʲô˶ȻʹвֵĿܡ
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ԭкµ󷨣ͣһ£Ȼȴһǳǳ©һֱ쵽档
ʱһХһӰͻأ֣һ©Ծٶȷȥһͷײڴĵطһ죬ƿһӣ˳ſֱӷ䵽ϡ
ۼ˾ҪߣΪǴħһȡӲˣһһɫͭСӳϣһվƴ͹⻪֮еӰ¶˱Ŀһ˭ˡ
һȻûԼƾһ鱦֪Ĵ봳ôһӪһ·˳˴Ѿʮ⣬ԼҲġ
ֻ΢΢һЦòƸлľһ⻪һתҫ֮ţʧС
˶ϳħŭѹֲס񿴵ˣȴ˴ԼƤӵߣڻϽ͡
ŭ֮࣬ħҲʶοʮشڷŭͬʱħڵһʱһ汳ģǾǱһˡĺħ
ǰѪɷħħŭһףͬȻ͵ħ⣬ֱǳ׵׵ıѣ
⻰һħҲ˳ƽӹͷͽҶҪʬΣɢǣ֮ܵ꣡
λħڣڳħ׷ױ˵ҪնɱǸ˵Ҫǣһʱ䣬ſҪɱȥĺħʱΪʸ֮ģħڷٲȻħѾ񼫣һãһ޴ĺڹҲӦħ


һ սϣ
ָ𣬺ħɫڣҲǼô򵥾ͱڹֻʱϵԼͣ˽Խɱһ飬һλرܹ˴£ŷ
ЩˣѵΪǾûôǶʧ鱦ǽħλñ¶֮ǰΣҲʧְˡǣħȻ˴룬棬ħħصأλй¶պȻܵɷʱλħһѴ̣һܲҪ׷һʧְ֮𣬵ʱǣó
ħһֱӽ˼˵νģһ𣬾ͽޱȡߡħסһΪǴħ
ħΪش˴죬Ȼ׵壬˺ħһͷתͷĿ˺ħһۣƺҪ˼һ㡣
ףȻ˵˼ûйϵϣҲӲǵ̽飬㲻˵УҽͿԽ£պλǰٽ
ħȻԼ޻ܲҲ޷ֻܽ˼һתŷŵ˵һһҡ㽫ǰһɱһȺħ۸ֵԼʧһ˵
˵Ϊ޷֣Žħ۽ɱһ˭֪ȴһɱħոȥҵ˴ȵȣȫ˵Щȥħûüһӡĥȥűٵ
һٵĻħŵжٲ˵һ޶֤ħֵĳͷͷôһȷʵǺħһܿġǽƺˣ˵һˣҶҪ
мڴˣһ֮󣬾ɴħħ˽ƣʾͽ䡣Ȼħһͬͨ滻ħ鱦µӡǳһ׷ȥ
ȴ˵һħͷνǻϲѣΪζħ⣬ջ֮޴󣬼ֱ
ȻûüУҴһɨ֮еڶ౦ѻɽһעع˸ֽⲻ֪һһ澹Ȼиֽʮҡ
Щ֮ǰٵЩݵ㻹ͬħħΪڶֽãбдǾƷȻٲɼұһ棬ɼҽռһ࣬ҴǸ߽׵ġ
һЩ治ħ͵ĶƷɽƷƷƷȻû鱦ڶལ֮оȻһ߼űķɽҲϲѡ
űǹŴϹͳƣȻƷһߣµϴܱ˵ЩѰҪǿһأãѵó̶鱦֮£Ѱ֮ϡ
һȻӵ鱦ڹűûһòЩħۣٶмֻһãǶԼ£мǵġ
߼űɽͲͬˣΪ֣Ȼȱ˽ȴַܹͨͬѰĽ䱾̺Ľ⣬ܹĦʹʱԼĽ⣬໥ײĥǿ⡣
ֻʱһ֪ǴĦʱΪ˵һħŸ֣һȺɽٸ֡ҪǵζԸЩ׷Ķɽٸ֡
˵ٱ֮ǰֻܲܣҸطУΪ뿪ʱͭȻ֪ʲôԼоԼһ˿ϢȥȻǸֶΡΨһԶܵļʱ̫ϵַ
ֻǶ̫ϵַǾͱȻὫ֮¶ܹҲСָ˵һ켶󷨡ȻųֵܹˣΪ̫ϵ˳һСҲһܱס
̫ϵֻΪֶΣڴ֮ǰҪ͸ֲϣС鲻ϵ޸󷨣󷨳һǿˮ׼ʱǲϳܷۡ
Ȼ˵ٱ֮ǰ񣬱ﲻ˵õʮɽǰ궫ƴյܺͻ࣬ƷʻãֻҪЩУ˵ԭķܹأǺ췢һ𶪽ȥû⡣
Ҫ֪޽򡯱Ͻݵ¿𣬱˶ȫӣһ˼Ҳ˵Ǳ֮޾
ԭֻзƾܶԸɽٸ֣һ˺췢һɽٸֽУ֡޽򡯣ֱӻὫһ߶ȡ
ڼԼ𵤶תԲԼΪԲ»õɱﵣ˵ǶԸһȺɽٸ֣˵汳
ֻһжܹʱʮɽĻϣƽˣ˵ʮ򣬱һ򶼺һԴȴг


һ ս£
һȦʮνϢ֮ѡһߵģͣȻ֪ԷҪ׷û׼׷ϣ׼
Ȼ֪ħвô֮䴫͵ֶΣϾֶκķԼҪʱ䣬ĵһ¾ǽǴؼֲɢԼ
һ֮һ봫ǧɽͣȽ޽򡯷ſסһƬɽȣӿռ֮С
ӿռƽﶼȻʱ˶ټһ㳡Ͼĵš
СףƷƣ̣ԼԴܹǰ⣬Ϊߵ򣬺췢Ȼվǰ棬ħ۷
ֻΪɽٸ֣Ӧ߳Ƶĺ췢棬ʱɫЩÿƺЩ£֮Щ˷ܡ
⻪һһڹ㳡ǰ֣Ժ췢Ϊףбո׽õ˶ߺˡ
һǰǰ׽õţЩߺƱˡЩԾЩ꾭飬ֳΪ̫֮һǽɣһͶ
ʱСŮߵ󣬱С״췢˵ħһ󱦿⣬һȺɽٸ׷ɱΪλȥ̫ϵкã
һԣ¶һĵЦݵһǲҪӵÿһ㣬񿴵ⳡ棬ҾͰˣһҪЩ֪ʲôս
ս
СױͻأĻ˵һ㶣֪һ̫֮Ϣ֮е֪һ仰˵ĳһλ̫֮ʱգе֪һ仰
һ仰ǡƼǵһսս⣬ǡƼʲôλ̫֮ûнͣһҲͲ֪Զȡͼס˵ڶ䡣
ڴ£СȻ֪ȴҲʡЩ꣬ѾԼһжǰˣѡԼ֪Ϊʲôôѡ
СײʲôƷƺͼȻҲԹԵĸں棬һ΢΢һЦתͷǰˣһ֣㳡ÿǰʮɽһ֣ÿͷжӦĽηġ
˶ԣ췢濴ԼǰʮƷƷķɽΪΪߣȿڵˣⲻħеķɽôѵ˵˼ʹòɣ
һԹһЦ˵ҲǣҪʹãʹá
췢һ㶣ԡ޽򡯵˽Ⲣ࣬Բ֪һ⡣ܿһȺħħ۾׹ħѯʣǲҪ롮޽֮С
һԣЦ𣬽һӣ֪Ǻܶ˱ץͷˣ֪̫ܣҪҷҲˡȻҲܹȻǣǾȲߣԲҪָܹǡΨһĳ·ǷΪΪֻҪĹ鵤еģеġǲģǾ͸ˣҲɱǣֻרΪǿһ㣬Ϊѹ֮ء
⻰Ż΢΢ӵĳʱһ⻰˵ʮǿҲʮ־˶óûһ˿٣ûҲһ¡
췢治ڳϵʸһ⻰֪һҪʲôȻҪᣬʽոˣһ
ԭĺ췢棬²ᣬ鵤֮ǱĬ֮֮ܵӰ죬Ľһˡ
оһ뷨Ҳ˲öɽٸֵݣͨһ͹ߺЧϡ
˵һˣҲĶɽٸֹݣͱһո޽򡯺̨֮͡еħۣҲ׷׹ݸߺ˳£˶æĹ
һһ˿λЦݣȻֹ֪ȻóϷһεһʽͷһӣպչ¶ǣʩ֮£Ҳǲոˣʱ⽫һӴޱȵǴ磬Ťתս֡
ܺãȻΪҲǡЩɽǸǵֻҪ޶ʱͷҾ͡ҸǵĵһλʹͣǲһΣҪԼˣ
˵䣬һһ֣ƾһ¶ħߵı⣬ԼЩٷħݵڶ౦ѳһɽУЩ۾Щֱˡ
һ״֪Լһǵֶٴγɹ˸Դ¶ƹܽʧڽӿռ֮С


һ ʵ
ռ֮УһСףƷƣ̶߽űʱŷݸ̡
̶߽űһסɱֱΪ꣬£ңȥδڡ̺Ǵ˵˶Բ͸ʱ֮ȻǳԣȫҲתƷˣֹУڷ룬ʹǡҲǾ޴ޱȣƿص˫һɱ㹻񼶸֡
˵ţһͽɱ˹ȥ̼״һ㶣ȻƽһʲôֵĽΪ֪ԼǿΪһ鷳
һ֪һǿУʮҪԽǿĽԽǿʵԿšɱЩɣûнӹ
һͷ룬΢΢һЦ̶㲻صģֶΣСףƷƣ̶ǿʲô
˵䣬̧һ㣬ããڰ֮һǺͷϸȥʲôǺȫһɽ˸Źâǡ޽򡯱ıģ
̻û׹С׺ͺƷƶһһ㲻ֻʮɽôôͻȻʮ򣬳ʮɽ
һԹһЦָָڣʱһԹɳǡ޽Ǻ֮С
˵ףȴô򵥣Щʱ޿̲ٴģΪʱʹãʮɽþ⼸ĴҽĶȥ뽣Уһ͵ԼˣȻһ򣬵ʱҲʩչǽ衮޽չڡ޽ʩչĹУǴԪˢʱӣɹʱܽߣ
˵䣬һͷǺһ⻺תһ໥ӳ֣ͶصģǺתһԲ
Բ֮еĿռ֮Ťһָ߲ȻԼУ·𵱳ʫɲõС硣ֻⲢ磬һΣС粻ͬͣҲһɱޱߵء
ʱзɽ֮зɳǺ֮ǿС׺ͺƷһ˵ġսʲô˼ˡҲ̹ȻĽӹˡɱ
˺һСף˵ܹΣɱǶɽٸֶҪݡʹһִ֮˱ǺãɱһԵĽⲻϣԶһԸ˴˱
СŮ֮һһֱûʽ뱦ģҲûǿģƫģʵʹԪȷʵûʺϵʹõġ
⡮ȴպʮʺϣһ̺֮Сͳ;Ԫű䣬̤ѩ޺۵£˵Ӱȥ٣ʩչɱУвֲ⡣
ںƷƣһ˱⣬ҵһվĹűһö񾵣ûУȴֿ̽ȱݵãںƷʩչħĸ˵绢ϱֻҪԷз϶ͺӳġ
ŮԵ˱׷һ״֪ԼѾƿʱ޷ͻƣȫǡ
һɷħޣֶŪƣͨ౦ľȰԵͬʱáֶΰǹͨ뱾󻹿ԽħֶΣһ˿Ѫڣڱϳת
Ҳ֪ǱãһֶǿŮǱ̫ǿ̶գŮȺͻƣС׺ƷȺںͲħڣڼ̣׷ɽһڣȻ;ڣɼΪƵѪǵС
ʱһȥԭһԤʮʱ䣬ħ׷鵽Լ˭֪ʮȥû׷ʱѾʮȻ㹻췢УҲӽࡣ
գȻĽȼߣѶȴ󣬵ҶٶȲûм̫࣬ȵð¹ȥʮɽ
м֮ǰķɽжƷĴεȻɫһ޳˳ʹá޽֮мٵʮɽȻȶǿ˵ˮƽ
޳ĽʮɽҲ»¯ת޽еġȥ
ǽ˼ȻΪЧֻ֮ǰûôƴ֣һֻһЩһսһɽϣ񣬲ƴˣȻֱˣҲ㲻˷ѡ
һ˽˫ޣ֮ǰ֮˳㣬кܴһԭһɽ˴ɽ޽ٴǿҲֽϵһ˿


һһ ȭͷ
һȻǿʵͬʱһŻСʷһνѡɽǧڣһ⻪˸һСŻ֣Ż֮߳һһЩħڶ֡
˾ɽڵħ⣬ʮħڵħ۸֣һȺ˵ĵʱһСԪ·һˮ֮һʯʱˮ˺ཬ
ΪǴħ˿СħܿҵһڣһЦħʮݹ⳯ɽȷɱȥ
ͬʱڽռеһҲת΢΢һЦˡָͷǻһǺʧػָƽ·ʲôûг֣һʯϣȻԹԵĸƷ衣
Ƭ֮һȺħŸͬʱΪһҪ׼һ̶Ըǣֻⷬһһһյһ
Ϊħĸ֣һ԰һ³˴ҲֻǱ˲ԶһʵǲοС
Ǵħʾ֮£һħ۷һ󺰵Сٽ͵ȡıͻ־룬޲TħԼһдУħһɱ⣡
һ仰˵ݣһȴ֮Է磬ֻǸħʣھӹҲסһɱ
һһͣ¸Ķ΢΢ָ޽ϣһͬʱһɷ׽Хֱħ۶ȥ
һУóħֿŵߺСġһһ죬֮䣬ǽֱӴ̴ħ۸˫˫ţһ˾ôʧ
һ־ͽһħ۸ֽٶ֮죬ڳи֣λɽڵĴħûп壬һʱ䣬˶һĿȻ仯ڶħ֣΢΢ɫ
ħУԾҪ֮ǰһĺħһֱͷȴԾСôʵż죬һ¶ôô졣ѵ˵֮ǰʵˣĿǡ
ħ֪һ˽ԪĥԲ⣬ͨ޽ɽǿһЩ飬ֻǴʱʩ˷ӡȴǲܡ
ȻԾһһȺħħۿɶŴġ֮ͣҲսֱħǰħΪʵǿֱӳ档
ħħжǱħ嵽ʲôѾȥΣ¶ʵĿ¼ףͷڣ̤ѥһͽ
Ķһһۣŭߵ¿ɾǵ޲Tеһ
һ̧ͷħһָָۣ޽ָ⣬Ǿǰɣ
ħһϣĵ˵ͷҲǸҵˣȻˣǾͽ޺׽Լ޲TУ͵ߵıⶼһɣ
һԣǹһ˿Цбĳƾʲô
ħüͷһ壬һƾʲôߣʲôҲ֪һħˣȻħˣΪΰռ޲T׽ʹУħ߱⣬͵ȥȻҪ
һ¶һ˿ʧҡҡͷѽѾ޲TԲܻ㣬УѾõˣǾ͸ܻ㣬˵Ѿˣ㿴
˵䣬һ̧һףһСɽһıƾշɳֱӳħȥħǶɽڸ̧֣־ͽ֮סһɨԭı⾹Ȼһʱһͺ
ڴħ׼һʱȴȻվһӳһͷͬʱ˵οҷʵƾʲôΪʲôѵΪħͷǣ𶼲ô޲Tħʧ֮ħĵζˣҼ̳޲Tħ֮λһҪúýһ£ħͷҪħͷӣ˵ʲôãһжʵȭͷ
˵䣬һһɸֵģҡҡͷһĻڳڶħŸֵУͬݺݵһơгǸĴħҲŭһһ֣ޱѪ˴𣬻һͷͷʬѪʬһ
һ֣һ¶οЦݣ˵ͷӡͬʱһ֣ǡ޽¶ʮ򽣹͵һʣռ˲飬һɣĿռѷ֣͵һ̣ͽ˶С
һ׼õֶΣһ⧲Ǵħֹתۼ䣬˶롮޽֮УһǺӽħΧ룬һգֽˣͬžһ㡣


һ߶ սȺħ
ħŸ⧲֮£롮޽֮УһƴޱȵĽһж¶ɫȻûǻԭߣͬһķ֮˲ϡ·ʲôסһ
ǡ޽к췢λɽٸּ֮ı仯Ϊɽٸ֣췢ԪѾعʱʱܹ֮̿ЧʱҲӳֵ޽֮У޽򡯿ʼݻαõ֡
˵ֻһΣԳ磬Գɷ򡣵ˣ޽򡯶ڷ֮˲СӰ졣ֻҪһһ֮䣬ܹڽ뽣֮е˽зӳֺ
ĳ̶ȶԣ޽ڷֵķӰ죬ڶɽٸֻһɡҲ˵ЩħŸУħۼֻܷӳ߳ɽٸֻܷӳųɡ෴֮Լ˵ļӳҲͬ
һһȥˮзˮ˳֮£ͬǷ֣һһһжͬĶɽٸҲҪռˡ
֮⣬һԭֻǽ𵤶תͬԪӤȻٱȴʹãܸɽٸӲȫƾۺԪ;ĽС
ʱһϢ롮޽֮ȻԲٿصķȲѰ֣˷֮ļӳ֣ʩչȻҪһ㡣
һУһ̶һ²ʱ׼ֶΣһֶΣħħǰһƴ֮ǡʤǿҲǲԡ
ȻħڸҲɵӣһӦԲߣԵ¹˭־Ҫ˫ᣬӦˡ
Ȼħ˼䲻Ƭ̾Ϳ״һȺħɫѿȻûϵһ׼ô̡Ϊ۳Ҷ֣ǺܿӦֶΡ
Ǵħһȣħλħָһӣ˼ƾ󡯺һ󷨣ڴ
ôħ׷ӦŵħָһһֿɢʵϽͳ˷ɢȥָ˷ããǺ
һȻǴħ˵ͷһָɽڣҲһʵˡ
ħԣǷһûչ¶㹻ֶΣҪȻŭʱ޽ʩչͷĬһԼһսʵֻһЦÿСӣձҪʵҪ¡
˵䣬ħҲԼɽڵݣһУųžŰʮһѪɫᦣһҡʮһͷѪһɱһ״ҲϻһúáݽһһֱɱѪȺ֮С
Ѫħħ֮еһ֧ǿף˶ѡ˵ڴ˵ΪֵĲʮֶࡣ
ѪҲǴи֣ھſѪĸ£֮רħŹķ𹦶̫á
ֻǲȻҲֻСֱ棬յħȴǲ˲ѵƣоſѪİ£Ҳһһ¡
һҲͬǵ켣СӡʵѾͬ٭սӲɽٸ֣ѾǴﵽһεˮ׼
ֻһֳ޽һԹžѪ֮УһɱնʮͷѪϧЩѪʵ壬ԻķֻҪħһҡξܲ룬һ
ɱʮΣһ֮±նɱѪѾﵽֺûб˵ͬϧЩն֮ɱ֮ѪҲɱħǰ
һȴļһɱǵûԪļ󣬷ԽԽԽԽ죬ȻЩѪҲǿȴеֵס
ħȻԾȴ£žѪȻǿȴֶΣʩչ̽һˡһԼֶĥǹһ˿Ц
ԪӤԲѵҵͻƺ岻ɣȻˣħ͸һᣬɲðգһСľǻɢ
һٴնʮѪħɱʱ򣬱ճХ̧һץһƺڤڤ֮ʲôޱѪ֮С
һ״ȻΪħ޵ķʸȷؿĺûοϷŹŲһμתһƮǧٸӰ
ħ״Ϊ۷ʩͬʱҲѪ賯˷ȥֻЩѪ򵽵Ӱȫʵ壬ÿһһѪһƬ
ΣħЩԾҲЩˡһ㲨Ѫ֮дһЦٲһɱȫ߶һѪɫĹִѪ֮С


һ Ѫʥϣ
һ˶ҴУϹֲνͨЩҲЩ裬ܽ䣬ƺ׷ݵѪħĸԴŷչͳħвͬ
ЩҲֻ֦ĩڣͷֻһ˼СһͷȫնɱħһǧӰͬʱǧ޽Ӻ⣬̶ֱȥ
ۼĽҪɱħǰʱһ޵Ѫϴռ䣬·ײǽ֮ϡֻ޼᲻ݵĽ·֮£˲ɵƬɢ
һĻһĸвҲջӰǻӽһնڱ֮⣬һ״ռѷ죬롣
ɿռѷ˲䣬һƴӺһһȫ߶󷨣İȻһʹֶΣߵƵʵռ𵴣Կռ֮һеֶΡ
ֶαһҲᣬҸǿһҪ˵ȴԶԶֶΣת˲֮䣬ͣפڴħǧ֮ڵӰ飬ֻڿռѷռ°Ȼ
һɻħʩչʲôֶεʱ򣬱Ѫٴα仯ֻѪһŤȻ¡һСɽ£Сɽµѿһ޴ޱȵĿӳ֡
ϸһʲôСɽ£ǿҲʲôӡСɽ·һͬ㴥һĶǿ֮ǰɭɭݣѪڡԶԶȥѾһͷ˵Ĵ㡣
˹һѪ֮ٴηųǹֽͬʱһɾԶϢһ˲䣬һеһ˿Ϥĸо
⵽ʲô֮ǿϢҲа죬ҵĸоаֻǷаǻᲢˡǶʲôϵɣ
һɻʱ򣬷ųͷ޵ĴħѾЩȲˣǹ޿֮ϣռܹסҲһңңһָȻڸԼĹ޽һݡ
ء
һŽǴӹ޿дⲻҲͰˣһ˿һϾȻҲѪڣÿÿһӶͲϵźϣ·ҪһеĻ
һȻԾȴҲ壬һֽʩչ磬㣬ָﲻơһ棬ӹʮ֣һᴩѪ۳ЩֺѪϡ
˳ԾǣӦöѵĴȻ䣬УһѪ˿ǣȻӲǶȥոս˲һȻѾʼѪ⣬
һĻһüͷ΢塣һҲоﲢͬѪͷǰѪӴٱ֮⣬һ˿УȻܹɢһԪʹжϴֺķɡ
ҳ֮⣬ЩѪ޿ڣÿһܷųŽһȻܳ׷Ļ⣬ͬʱͷţռ仯ĺǾ۽ϣʵҲҪһС
һʵǿȶɽ٣ȴһȱ㣬ǾǼһ·ɱ¾;ȴǱȲЩϹ֣һϲ˫Ŀ΢У¶һ˿Ȥı
һù·ûгԹһնɱȥһһٽٽѸ٣Ȼȴܿ˾۽㣬Ȼȴû𣬷ϵĸ˺
ֻЩ˺ǰһ㣬ûʼѾϣԿභһ˫ûˣһȴķʱվ·硣
Ҳ٣ԽսԽ£ڵһǧһϣʩչһ۵Ļ谵⡣
һƷޱȵĽһп˳ԾǣһΣǴ־Ȼʮʱϣʱһȫʱ䲹һûлָĿܡ
һûôһ޽ָٴƹ⻪ɱȥһɱһǧལɱľ޿ǰֻﵽ˴Ѿò˻ȥ
ħһͬһ㻬һֱ׽һμӽ˻һٴ߶޵ֶνһɱ˭֪һܵñӻ죬ûѾ˵ǧ֮⡣
ǰͬһΣ˳޵ĹΧûмܲ˵Ĺƾն˫΢Уƺһ㡣
ֻһЦħٸֶ֣ξǷͬѰνԶʧֶҲˣŽ֣ҳԻȰ㻻һֶΣ̫ԴһС֣Ҳϧһ֡


һ ѪʥУ
ȵָһ˵Ϊټ֮ǰԵˣ෬ıֲֻɱ֮ӰԷνĶѿࡣ
һһ˵·һһֶģϲϣԷʧ֮¾ʹӡ
ⲻ˵ҲǱޱΪһδξǿͨ˵Ĳʵǿһһǿߵ̬
ǿʵҲ˵ǿ̬ǲʲôѣ裬η壬˭Ծ¡һ䡮ǧӡǴдա
һʵһ̬νศɣȱһɡ
ʵûηηԦסʮӳɣ˵ǿ߶ܱѹơ֮Уǿģǿºģ㶵ģ㶵²Ҫ˼
෴һûӦʵȴһǿ̬һ쵽;áϴ϶ǾͲǿߣװʮ㲻Ҳ᳤
һʵ㹻ͬʱ̫࣬Ҳǿ̬˵ǰֻһ֣ʼתһǿߡ
Ȼ仯ǱĬԼоžԽԽ࣬ȻΪһ仯ҲֻܺҪͻԽԽǿΪ˭޷ڵǿߡ
Ȼһ̬仯ħ֪Ϊһܹƽһ֮һֶΣȻ޷ƽơ
һЦСҪһСѪ䡯иǿֶζԸ㣬Ʋҿ㻹ĺã
һԷܣҲöѴ࣬ǹһ˿Цͷһáһݣٴγֽɱ
ֻٴһ֮ɫǴӦϿһٲָܻϸȥǶϿﻹѪ⣬ǱѪĿݺڽʣ˵Ѫǣǲöá
ƽⲻǱģĻȪȪںһ֮УƽֻȡϾһеĽ⣬ȴʩչֱӽȪ֮ˮʴж棬֮޷ϡ
һ㣡
һ³֣һݣʹƽɱȥ
һΣʹáȪ֮⣬ָһ޽һ֮Ȼһ·ǿȱǹ޴ϵѪڻҪǿһ
Ȫ֮󣬴ħҲЩһһΪҪ֪ʵ¶һ˿Цһ˿Цոչ𣬾ͶסԾ졣
һƽȻҲֱЩڣûжԺĺۼԭص͵ʮֹʱЩڷ·ܲסǿƣûһ׷ը鿪ڻȪϢ֮£ͻָˡ
ԭһֶξȻԱ֮ʩԷֶζԸԷٽϻȪһε𷽲ŵûǿʮһӽһƬըѪģŤȴҲָˣ˿ֲ֮⣬ȴûй֮
ڴˣһûгʤ׷ɨһƬ϶ͣȻŶĴħһЦڶ㡣
˵ڣǰвͬйֶΣħ£ָ׳нսȴܲˣ˼һ뵽һյ㣬ЩΣˡ
ֻװʮװ̫һ仰˵·ҪһֶȴЩӹҲסֻܰ׼Էһ֡
һأһվԭأһƺҲ׼ʲô֮ǹһ˿ŵЦݣһֳֽһдʣһۡ
Խ£
һȣͷһ𣬱ڤڤ֮ⱻǣ۵޽ϣգۼ䣬޽һǧɳ̵Ľ⣬һһȪ֮⣬һȦȦƴȻҲ֪һƸжô
㣡
һʲŵĻ֮ʱ¡һ⿴Ӵ󣬵ȴ˿أնٶȼͬʱȻһ仯ƿЩ赲Ĵ֣գۼͳǹʹħͬʱնɱȥ
һƥ֮նһеζͬڽµĹʹħеֵסĸоʱħһ˵ĵʲô
ǾһȻܵͬʱжҲܵơȻһȫ󣬵ȴ໥⣬ͺ֮У߽˧棬Ҫ˧ɱҪӱ˧


һ Ѫʥ£
һѵľǴħֶΡͷƵĴڣǿޱȵͬʱҲʧһһ㣬֮ȱ㣬˵ͷ֮׾¿ʼ
һնഥ־㹻۵ˣֻ뵽ֻҪ״ָܻѡһȻضѡ䱣סԼʧһͷ޵ܾʧһԪô׽ܵġ
ֻƲˣԣһӴ̽䡣һ˵ƾУڶ궷һƣСһʼȴѾעҪԴҲֻǿʼˡ
ħѵľֱæȥȥ˲䣬ҲϾʹ˷ɫһݣָ㣬Թǹھʧ
ڴħȥһ˲һѾ١˴ħҲԾվ£ֻһǸߴɵгΣѪڣ֣׷ըѪƮɢ
ЩѪ⣬һΪ˲ٱħãҲȪȥһ촫һѪ˲ɱȥ
ЩѪⱻմ˽һʱһžҲޱȾ޴ʬȻɢȷѪͳһ
һ仯ͻأһһ׷ɱħǰоȷѪ겢򵥣ԷνðգһݣԦռ䷨ת˲ƮԶ
ȻԶһ㶨һŷΪʲôľΪǲʲôȷѪ꣬һͷͷȭͷСӡҸͨӲͬЩӲһҲǿÿһ϶˸Ÿɫһֲĸо
ַųһɱȺ֮УЩ͵ͿɫմȾЩԭϬĽ⾹Ȼð߲նɱͷӾɢ
һĻһʱӵԭǿ֮еһָʴԪĶһ޼᲻ݵĽܵӰ죬һʲôⶼûá
һɫ΢䣬˵ոճһܽŵΪ뵽˲֪ļƬΣľϹʱһ飬Ѫޡ
⡮ѪޡѰһ㣬ľѪȴѪƽ£ܹƾһƽ⼸һз˻Ƿ涼סһѪǾͲѪľѪҪɶ
飬Ƕμ֮˵һֱغƽ١ֻ˵а񹲷֮⣬Ϊϲûþ;ҲӰ
ħʩչֶβ飬ǷۣȻҲмƣɵһԾ𷽲ǹ޸аƣ֮䣬ԼЩϵ
ԾԾɻɻȻûܴϢ֮еõʲôֶڶ࣬һܶԸһȺӣһ˱ܣһֶֽ
һʱ֮׹⣬һʱ֮ǻɫɱ⡭̶ʱͻֶֽΣڷĻȪǵնɱޣգ˲ͷֳԭҪͺϬ
ħԾһֶڶͬʱԻȪֶЩϣΪһ룬óϹʱѪйء
Ϲʱһλħ֣ͨسѪ仯һħ䣬ѪʥѪʥоֱ仯λħǵвƪɡѪħ䡯͡Ѫñ䡯仯
ֱ仯İԵħһӲ֪նɱ˶ٵˣ񾳽硣˵һĳɾͣһֶϡ
ֻƽʹһСѪħ䡯ܹƵأһζԸһϡѪħ䡯ҲΪսپ˭֪һʵǿǸǼ˼ᶨܹӲҵԸֶΣ䱣һ֮½Ѫħնɱ
ͷħġѪñ䡯ʩչһЩѪǳҪһһÿһȻûԤ밵㵽һ˱ҲΪˡ
һûȪȻֳ޵ħԾڶ䡮Ѫñ䡯ʵӦǵڰ˱Ŷԣ֮ǿڵھű䡮Ѫ䡯֮£Ϊɹǧʱռ¶Դ˵Ѫħǿ󣬵ȴֲֻʲôʱʣ´Ҳûаգ˵þڶأٶȹһɡû뵽ӾȻ˽ȻܹȪ֮ˮȪ֮ˮȻѪãѵ֮ϲֶΣ²꣬Ѫôɣҵս̫ħҲһսˡ


һ ̫֮ƬĹ
뵽ħ˷ܵ϶һ⣬ֻǿһʩչؽԼ룬Ȼ·磬ȴסȫӡ
ӸôһϲʵҲǲҽѪñʩչԭƻһ㽫նɱҲѣҪ׽ҪѰٱοץҲҪһ취Ͻɸħ֮ǰѯʴȪ֮ˮֶΣһж׹ˡʱҪĻǽ£׵İ취ѪýԪĥ𣬵ʱٳ֣һٶǬҲ١
⣬ħһԹ۵ģȻһϢ׼ֶΣȫûҪʩչӡ
ȴ˵һ߽нʹһ֣õĽǲ롣ЩѪüƽһйʴһԪ˵ǿƣֶαơ
ֽ֮УЧõľǴдħԵĽ⽣ǬҲﵽһһãֻͬԪѪá
确ɱ¾֮࣬Ȼɱ˫ȴױʴʮֻһѪá
ҵĪڻȪһȪ֮ˮȥֱӱѪɣеǿе̲ѣǵԷơ
˵ӲƴԪһҲħһѧгǵһθоʱ򡣲ȴ˸ݣһתٴѰԺ֮йѪ޵Ϣ
һμ֮гƣѪ֮ΪаġبѪ֮У֮⣬е飬֮еֶξơѧȻǧ򻯣ȴ֮Уɱ¾Ҳ֮˵ҪԸޣҪ֮ϣ֮ʼĴڣĴںѰҡˣ̫ƪоԻΪ֮ţνظбݱ仯̫֮֮ϵġ̫֮ţԴԴġ֮šΪΡҡûΪΪ̫ĳ̶ȣ޷ǿԡ̫֮ţ˵ܹãͬѰأ
һˣһԽԽԣǵضѪãֳһʶ뵤ȥԹ̫֮šֻ̫֮ϵĴڣҶһ£صĴڣһΪҲһᡣ
ȻϰٴΣһѾû̫֮ŵĴڡ̫֮ŸᣬⶼųԹԵԪԹԵ
һЩŭǱҶҲͰˣϾ·ʱѾ̳̫֮ƿȨְ𣬵ﾹȻԼԼƢٺҲŭˡ
ãããһӴıȻ˴ļӣҵҪ㵽᲻ˣ
һ˼һĶŤתײ̫֮šһת뵽̫֮ŷųǷȥԸ·ֺáԼ̫ѻԳϵĽɷ֮Ը
ԭɷ֮ɷ֮ɫ˽񣬻ޱȣֱ仯ȴɷ֮ߵ͸̶ȣǿͬʱᣬһʹ˳֡
ͬԴɷ֮û̫ͽ˽ڣһвܲ˵̫֮ţ͵ȥ
̫֮ûбҶİԵԲûѽɷ֮İԭԪҲͣʱ˵ĸоͲһһʯһأȻأ·˵ǿǿɽڣᣬմ󽭡
һоЩѻֻζ˿䡣ǧΣҪ׷̫֮ŵʱһΥϢǽɷ֮С
ǲ̫֮ŵĽɷ֮棬һâ֣һССİɫƬϸһⲻǵһΪСʱ򣬴ľеõγ֣ʧƬô
ЩͽƬԺ˭֪ʱ򣬾Ȼ֣ҿĿ꾹Ȼ̫֮š
⵽ʲôƬһͷɻʱƬڶˡ
Ƭһɷ֮˴룬ƬһӰһɷ׳˽һ֣ɽȻ෴Ϣ棬һ֮Ϣһ֮ϢϢͬʱֱضģһΣȴ·һ㣬һ
ѵǳ
һٴξһ̣Ӷ˳ΪŻ㶲̫֮ҲųһϢȻȴ̫֡͡


һ ɷ
ԴӴ̫֮λ֮ûжһµ̫֮žȻʱҲѣһ¶ŵơ
ƸƬһֻһĵ֮дתй¶һ˿¶öĴħͶ
ʱħûиͶһȴѾҪͶˣΪ﷢ӳǱȡԪһǽɷ֮һǻԪ
ԭΪֳһɽɷֻ֮߳ԸѪõʱܹĳɣ仯ѾΪⶸȻ仯޹Ʒߣɱ
ˣҲ˴ħ⣬Ϊ˹࣬Ԫ㣬Ҫʵǰ뷨Ҫһ׽ù鰸
ʱȻ֣һٶֶҲҪޣڷһսһ¶Ǽƣһ֧Եûһս֮ʱ˴ħ뷨
ˣһԪ£ֶٸҲԳͲֻﵽһ̶ȣٵĽǴħһɱ
ֻǶĽҲΪȻϳЩĿܣϾʶܹƵģֻڴһսֻܶ㵽޽ȥˡ
ȴ˵֮Уﶶƣȴûʽսֻôţ·˶ӣɣ֪˶ãһ˲һͣɽƬȶˡ
ֻһ⽫һʱһ̫֮֮źȥ̫֮һ̼ġ̫֮ʱһס·ҪƾЩֵһ֮
ҿһһͷãã֮УһӰ׶ɢԳһһģǰͬһҰ̫֮¡
ƺһս̫֮ʤˡڽⰵüɢȥʱٴζһһޱ£·֮ۼ·̫֮Ϻȥ
ûڣοĿ̫֮ǱһֵǰʤвͬǣһȻֵס˽ųɾŵȴûֹһ˿ۼ죬ջ̫֮ŵϡ

һӰľ죬̫֮Ųһ£һ˿ҺĹûǽɢȥƬС
һ˿·Ǽĺôһ㣬Ƭ˸ӨӨ⻪ԭֻһָ糤ƬȻֲһ˿һ糤һСģ
仯ģƬϢԽԽǿֻһΣûмͷҲصľͻ⻪뽣ɷ֮Уʧͬʱ̫֮˸һιâ·̾Ϣһ㣬һһٴιڳš
һһֱڹעһУ룬Ƭ̫֮һһЩӶԹ򲻻
ʱ˼ȴһβ֪ǰĶԹ棬ҲǰǳȺӵѪ棬Լ֮С
ΪģֻΪλСʹùԪ֮Ҳṵۣ̂Ķ˻˵Ԫλʹ˾ųɣ಻Ԫȴ˱仯
ԪҲͰˣϢͽݾֻ̫֮ǸӴ⣬£ܹˡǽɷ֮ȴͬˣԭѱ֮УֻһһΣΪƬʹãǲһ˿ԪڿһΪ˸Ӹ߼Ĵڡ
֮ǽ֮
һͷν֮ǽɷ֮Ľ˵ɷ֮ר޵Ԫǽ֮ר⽣޵Ԫ
꽣ϴڽɷ֮ʱ߹ʵϹʱޱǿԲйڵġߣԽˣӦ̥ɷɷһԪֱӽҵλ
Ȼֻж̶裬ÿ趼ҪǧգҪоĽ츳ܳɹͬɹ֮ɾͺսѰʿǿ
Ϲŵ飬񴫳жϾὣɷķŶϾƮ죬ɷһԪǸǴ˵㽣ĴڶץסӰӡ
һҲΪԼܹὣɷѾʮѵãὣڳɾ֮ǰġʱ䣬˽˫ޣͻƺͱ䶯еһ˿仯ҲֻΪǽɷ֮Ỻǿ
˭֪ⲻǼ򵥵ǿֱӽʹ֮ԪɷΪ˵ɷɱ¾ľǡɱǡʹ֮뽣ɷľǽ֮ɱȫƾһ
Ҳ˵ǰһǿǿӣֻ֮⣬û֮⣬ǽƾ֮ȥⱻɱ¾ƣճΪɱ˽
֮⣬ﵽ֮תһһʵǿ𴿴ɱ¾ӰԵԱֱģ֮䣬ܹƻ䡣


һ߰ ս
ܵһ˿֮е֮⣬һͷϲѣҲֻɽ޲ԳѭԪΪĴڡ
Ȼʱ̫֮СҪǿǿ뽣ɷ֮ƽʱ룬һĳɴֶһѡ񣬶һѡ
Ҫ֪Ϲʱܸ֣ɷͬޣħͬޣͬޣʵһ޳ɵĸǿʮΪ͵ĪڻƵۣ˫֮ͬǧ֮֮ɾʹ֮λɼһߡ
񣬴жϾ¶Ʈ죬˵·ǧ򣬵ޣܹһ֮ԺҪһ֮һܹﵽ
һ˵͵Ʒ̤Ϲ֮˵ϹŶѳֻ֣һɵδϧ
ڵഫУ֮ûڵ̫֮֮˿ܻӰķ𹦺ħͬ޵뷨
Ȼ˵ڵ˵̫ңԶĿǰҪҪľǶԸǰޱ޼ʵޣԼЩ޵Ĵħ
ȴ˵һڷһЩб仯ʱ򣬴ħ֣Էһ뷨ΪֻҪĥʱ䣬һֻԽԽ
һõ֮Ͻ͸¶ͬϢʱ򣬴ħŸоԾֻˣҲһܷվɲֻǿʼķԪ߶ޣиҵĹ
һǰ޽ԼĽѹֻʮɵʱ¶һ˿ЦݣһӣȻԼԼ顣Щ޷ɽ
ħԳԾһǷʧķ跢˵ʱҲᣬ߶޾ȥգۼ䣬һֻ߲Ѿ촥һ¡
ʱžһը촫һһͷͻأըһɢȥ
ô£ҵ޼̿ȷ֮⣬˵ɵ֣Կƣôô׾ը飬һżȻ
ڴħʱһը촫һͷըûӦӶȺըͬһըһգ۱ը顣
ȻʮЩʲôӶ׾ը飬ֻ˵һ⣬ǾһѾҵ˿޵ֶΡ
ڴħɵƬ̣һܱ֮߰Ѿûޣ˵մȾɫᰵۣǹһ˿ЦݵħˣһҲЧˣ
⻰ħʱ𷽲ŶԸѪħʱһھ˵㣬ţһһݣջòɵѪħֱӱϣȻȴֲ֪Ҫˡ
ǰ֮ǰһٴͬĿǣ˵ƵĻЩޱѪħ޸ѵãɲɲ˼һˡ
ڴħ˼ʱһһȻԵõģֻͷȴǽҡΪȻɷҵ޵㣬ͬΪλеĶԪɡ
㣬Ⱥأ֮ĴħһɵĻᶼûС
νӽжȣһȻǱ仯Ҳһζǿ֮ھʹһթôħԥԼöƷ鵤ҩԪ
ҩ֮Ȼʱʱ̶̿ٶȴǺܿ졣ɷԪҲǿ󣬽Ը֮ҩ˵ÿÿһҩԪ֮ǰµ
ħպԥʮڽ˾ʱһѾָԪһ˳Ԫһս֮ʡ
Ѫħ䣬ҳѪñô򵥣Ҳ˷ܿһɣ˷оʱаѪãҵҪĸܸעôԪ
ħҵпܵĿܣһץһ˳͵һӣйעһ˼
һ״һˣǹһ˿ЦջҩԪֻ֮תԼģһ𣬳һٲȻһơ
ͣƬ̵սٴβǺͮͮһƬѪѪȺǵصĳһȥмƸǶ˼
һȴȻ壬ԲһݱȥײȺɲǣһžգۼ䣬ԭȺУһ֮һƬõƣһƬըһɱͷ޾ʧ


һ߾ նɱ
һĻħҧгݣȴûж֣Ϊƶһܹ֮ɱ޾˷ʱ֣˷Ϊɽڵĸ֣ҪһС
ЩޣȻǽ֮µҪǸܹ󷽵һһԪᶨΪ˷꣬һջ֮УȻֻҪץʳȪ֮ˮֶΣǾһʧܲˡ
ֻһƬһƬǰ߽⣬ֱʮͷʧڿʼɻڵʮͷ޵ʱʼɣһ޶ʧʱĶʧһ˿ֺͻҳͷ
ܣ˶ȳôԪҲΪû˿ôǡ
ħڳǸʼͷ˵ĿܷȥƮɢõᰣԽԽÿܣԽԽÿɲһըͷһһﻹһնɱһæջ
ֻһοΣµĶڣֻǷݱҲСħҡٻأһЦգһһ׶ɫǰӽһʣڰ׶ɫһ𣬻һģ
һ׽ǡǬ˽Ȼóֽ֮һɱɱ¾ٶȲ⽣аҲȪռһԲۡ
ȴͬһɷɷ֮ͬԴֵ޲ͬҪնɱ޾ҪߺͬʱԪϤĽȻĪǬ
˭֪һʹãǬ·Ϊ˽ɷͽ죬ɷ֮תɷʮ֮תʮ֮Զ֮ǰҷ·𰵺֮⣬ͬķԪɡ
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һΣĿٲһһնɱޣ׼һȫ˵󲿷ֵޣ׼ʹõĽУǵӶ֮пҲǽϿһСɷһֽһǬ
һǬһпưԾʵʺΪһ򷨵ĺġֻƽһùŷûáս⡮һǬһ򷨵ĺ֮Уʱɷ֮·һ㡣
Ĵħɫʮѿͷһǰ赲һֻǻûһѾˡ
ֻ̺˽ɷ֮һԾƥһմ̳Ȼָ֮ͨͨƵͬʱը顣
£һǣжʮͷһ㣬ԭз֮ҲֵסȻը飬ǽʮͷ
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뷨һ֪ҲûбҪ֪ΪҲ˽ֶξҲҪħҲ˵й¶Լܣ޵ֶй¶ȥҲغƽ١
Ϊǿߣûг˻͵Ϯҩ׼ԪΪ֪һս±Ѫħ޺Ѫ޿ܲһңһգÿһʵǱġ
ȻǴħ಻ʮͷʱһ˫۾ͨ졣Ҳǣǧ๤ȥ˾ųɣټǰѪħޣһڻٵһǧĿ๤
ִϹŲͬϹߵϰԼִֽϰ굽ȴΪ꣬źıȱȽǡ
ʱħһȥǧ๤ڻٵǧһɽ٣ɵ֮·˼࿲˵ʱһɱĸĳ˻Ҫޡ
޹ޣħվǾϹ֣һֿԿóһһֶڶĸ֣ǼƴֶΣ»Ҫ֮ǰġҾ硯һ;ƾԼɽڣԪһ
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һʵ޻Ȼ̺һ򷨵⾳仯ȴǺ¶ħ״õʱһЦѪһĵһѪɫ糯һȥͬʱҪǮĽħԪС


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ڳжоǿޱȵϢÿ˲ϢгǧײÿһײϢǿʢ·ǲǱƴ˭ܽ˭ײ飬ڱƴ˭󽫶Էѹһ㡣
ܵϢħħħħۣͷʮֵ𾪣ǱΪһǿǿӣû뵽ǿ硣
֮У𾪵Īںħͷ𾪷ǳȻ²һϴν֣һȴƷ뷨Ϊ֮ǰһν֣һǿ󣬸ʲôıƣֱӽ£ʲô֪ˡ
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ʱ޽֮һƮ⻯һ˫צͷץ˹֮ԶǷܱȡ
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ħһһצȻͬȴΪϤġѡ췢õֶΡ
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췢ϹһʦΪҪζɵСӣѵʲôôɡ
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ʱЩħֲʶЩӰȻ飬ǿƵĶˡ˲󷨱仯һʱ֮䣬ħֶüͷʱ޽תɱЩӰ
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ȴ˵ڶӰ֮У˺췢ħ֮⣬Ĳڶħۣһףһ죬һӰ
СףƷƣŮȻΪ粻һرչˣڡ޽ƿȨȴ˸ߡԪӰҪǿ󼸷֡ƾħڣڵħһ¡
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Ӱԣʩչֶθع˼ɣƽģȴʩչֶͬƵĶ
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˶˲һǴħ˭ˣ뿪ͬѾǱһһѾڣѹѪ˿ǴħĳҲֻʣ²ƬҲദˣȻһս³ļҡ
˿һȻһЦħˣһħˣ
ħҲһһʤȴһġԼһֻʣ°ħ֧֣ɱһ
һãһħˣҲǲܣȰȥξһʹ㻹ҪƣСҸƴһƣ
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ʱǱⱻᣬǶʧڶħ۵飬ǶܲһȥɸǰǱȻˡ
׵ضҲվһλãͷҲһǧһԼðƵΣҲᡣ
뵽˴ħ뻺ͼ䣬˼һѳķʽ˭ǰӰһһȻֱ
ħ״һ˫һץ޾ѪɫӿԳһһȻ׾ͽһʳƬ
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һأһһνѹԵƣڴħĴ֮£ħҲֻнڽڰˡֻΪ˷ֹƣħĴ֮£ħΪһСսǿֵס


һİ˶ ˣԸʦ
һսˣ󣡡
һ֮УһҩģһӰع顮޽֮Сһʱ䣬ռ仯һḥ̂ת
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սѹ㹻СħҲȻھԵ·磬סţס֮أģ
һҲżУºȥַֻӰǰȥս˵ʣȴĥˣͬʱǶԼ˲С
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ȻЩȻһ棬ȴЩϾ鲢óΪϰ壬ֻҪһЩӣбæ
ʱһȥҹһȺħҲֵסսԳһҲ˼͵ĹȻսûܳ״顣
þһεֺʱо֮ǰڴϵĽƱƿһ˿ʧͬʱͨһ˿ʶоȡؼλĴȻٴο
һֲõԤӿͷûоʮϢͷһȺ𣬾Ȼڳһ͸޽򡯴۳Ӱը顣
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һ״ﻹ֪һȺħȻΪ֪ʲôֶΣһȺͺ¿һ뵽˫Ǻһʱо˾޴ѹ
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һ˽ɵĽ磬ȻɲСħЭҲǲСһŭ֮УڽһΡ
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ǴħǺͯģСʱһ˿֣΢΢һЦԭǱԸʦû뵽ΪڣܳʦҲǰ׽ôӣʧʧѽ
СģıԸʦƺʱſħֳһЦݣһϹԭѪʩԺյʩϢҲ׼üˣ뵽ԵֶҲסλʩԲòǰСɮڲ𷨣ɾķϣҪ໨๤ˡ
ħԼһĲΪ֪űھ͵ƣɫ䣬ٿ򣬱ԸʦСϼһ˿ûڣͷѡ֪ʱ򲢲ַĺʱΪǹͬĴУ·ƺƴ


һİ СУħͷ
ڷħ˫εʱһХ·Ϊħƿ¶Ĵ޽Ȼವһ¾£ջһڵ㣬ʧ
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ȻһȺŸּȥʱѪħЩˡڳһǷһߣֻ·һ֮ǿ֣ȵ̵Ҳк³
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ѪħҲ֪ŽнԶһںУϽЦݵһڷӣȵԸʦߣлҪ
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һ״ȻѪħԼвԸʦҲƣһϷ΢΢һЦ˵˵ڴ𲻴Ӧҵˡ
Ѫħ۲Ϊһ̬Ƴ˱ԸʦһۣһЦҵҪܼ򵥣ץ֮ҲҪһȺץ汳˵СһҪץ֣Ƿʮķʦǰ;ѽ


һİ ˷
Ѫħ˵ޱԸʦʱ֮һ˿ζʱСɫЩѿתͷһƺҪǰֻԪӤԲΪǲѪ˵
ѾȫѪ˵öɽڵĴ־ȻԵļһһģǱԸʦСĺҲɻ
һѪħĻҲشҲǰոѪħΪ֪Ѫħô׾ͶֻҪһ˿ϣûжϾ֮ǰϷǴʱԼóȻǰԵĿ¾Ǳһ
֪ʱȵþǱԸеľάԭУһαɴȫʤ˵Լֻܶһֶˡ
˶ԸУ·˵ɣȱڴǻ»ңԸǶɽڣӽڵĸ֣޷һŵĴĥԲϾ˹һöĦ飬Ϊ
ڣڶοѪħʱǹһ˿΢ЦѪʩԾʵ
Ѫħһ˵ͷ³֣޶໰
Ը΢΢ף̧黨Ц̬֮Ȼˣ֪ѪʩɷΪƶɮһԣ
Ѫħüͷһƺû뵽ԷҪ󣬲ܿͻعתͷħ˭Ըһԣ
⻰ħ׷˺һǷѪħħԼץȥڡ
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Ѫ򿣬ҺңѪɷħһ
㣿ѪħЦһǽһðˣǴʱʱ
˻һȻǸħ˵ģ໥һۣٿѪɷħһ˿ԥܿͻѣһ沽ͳѪɷħ߹ȥ
Ҫʲô
Ѫɷʹ˰ɣֻҪС£ָܹġ
ѡ㣬ʹӦˣöѴֽţ϶ÿ
Щ˾ȻңһҪħǹ֮
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ħ˷Ѫɷħ֣ĵһȻΧ룬ΪϣѪɷħѾƴųٳûץ

Ѫħ״ŭһһݳΧ֮УһץһľͽѪɷħͷۻһ֣һƵġ
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Ѫɷħһ仰û˵ɫͱɷףѪɷ֮ţһٽһɽϢȻ䵽ֻԭʮ֮һ޵ĹϢ±˶ҪǷ֡
úݣѪɷħбĳ
ߣѪħ˿ᣬ͵һףһ˦
һ״֪⣬֪ԼѪɷħҲܱ飬ɴ಻ڣ󷽷Ѫɷħ롮޽֮С
ĵԪȴһǣϾ˺췢ͺ׶˱֮ո֮󣬳бķոɽٸ֮ǰٶҲԪԴԼķԪָȳֺõ飬Ųϸɡ
νձѪɷħȻԪʧҲȷڸָǿҲǵһȫޱ
Ȼ֪ףȴҲһЩ鷳һҪߣȴıԸо֪ˡ
Ȼˣ
ԸǷŸɮͨͨҲ󷨣һ۾ͿѪɷħ£֮ı䶯һ˿ɵĹâ
ٴνһһŵһӷ𣬷СɮۣԭʩȻˡҿʩħ׷ɱǷţҷЩԵ֣ţСɮĲ˵ǰ⼸ħΣ
˻һոΪþȵļħɫһ䣬ȴѪħס˿ûо֮⣬Ц⣬·Ѿ
Ȼһ屾ԸйһЦʦȻԵ绻ͶҽΣ
ԸȻûһӦҲû뵽Է㲻ʶ̧١СһҲ໰תͷѪħʦӦˣֽ£ֻҶҪҾҪˣԼһ׽󡣡
Ѫħ۱Ŀľ죬ԸлôвӣӵľʹӦ
תۼ䣬Źϵ۸ӵ˵ж˫һһӷŵǿߣ˲תһš


һİ ɱɱ
ǰһʵķħһͷЦѡô֪࣬ʲôɷħʲô֮а֮ڴǰЦ̸ˣһ·ȭͷ󣬹а˭ȭͷ˭ǶԵġ
ãܺã
һĵ˵ͷҲûн䱸ֻվţм׿ȺĸоƺڵȴҲ֪ڵȴħĹǱʲô
ʱ£Ѫħ۳屾ԸкȻһЦԸʦ˴ԷΪ㷢ɣ
Ըԣ˵ͷתͷһǸСģһЦʩǰǾ仰Ϲ˳ֻҪҷűǡ
ֻǶġݡһ·δţƾնһ·֮ơ
ԸʦҲżֻǻ˻֣ʮһʦ֣Լħŵħ˷һΧ룬ȿռ䶼סһ޵㣬ֹһһпѵֶΡ
һŻعԴĿһۣһЦСУΪֶξסĳô
ûȱԸʦشڴ˱˫Ŀһָ죬һֻأ˫һһӡתۼַӡ󶯣һ˿˿ϢɢЩϢɣзҲħڳڸЩĿɿڴ
ôִȻɵΪ۷ħ˴⣬Ȼͻôܣ
̫ˣ˲ǾǾô˶෨ͬޣܹͻôԪ
ֻ̫⵽ڸʲôΪʲôҪϸ¶ѵҪƴɣ

һȺħ֮ݲݣһ۷׷ףΪһ㣬ֻÿ˸֣֪ǵȴǲ̴ţҪ仯󵽵ʲô
һһƽﵽ˵ʱԭƽɷħϢ͵һħԸΪʻҶȻɵ֮ʹߣһ˲䣬ɵ֮ͻһޡ
ôܣȻѡ
ˣķˣȻ֮һʵܲܶԸǰҲ˵ܹԸѵͲ½֮͵Ϯ׽ô
Ȼ˶һǷˣǰһսֳʵȴ֪ĸֱļᶨʯܷΪֻ׼ˡ
ڳ֮УֻбԸû˵Ҳûжֻһ˫ͫӿһ˸ǻ۵ĹâΪʦӦеľǻۡ
ְɣ
Ըиоһ˿Ծڷ⻰۷ħͬʱ׷ʩչֶΣ׼һȥʱһ˿ѹͬʱڳͷһУħͷɫ˲仯
٣ô٣˭٣ȻʱȣѵҪһ᲻ɣһħֱΪɽٸֵӣſھͱֿ
⻰ڳֵֶ໥˿жǾţûһϢ˶ͬʱתͷΧһ

Ҳ֪һλָѾĪڸ֣ɫǾޱ䣬ǵΪ͸ӦȷȷʵʵĸоǱһ
ԪӤڣҲܶѽ
ˣ㻹ܲܶ٣Ҫᣬɲˣˣ
ԣҲߣ
Ѫħ֮ħȶһ˷ȥѪħҲ֪ǲΪ˵Ҫȥ
ʱһ˫Ŀǹһ˿ЦݣȻˣαأ
δ䣬ǰߵħȺһը죬ǷȥӰ͵Ķϸȥ֮⣬һ˷޽ʲôԭһֶΡ
ѵҪɱɣѪħһһս֪սķ񣬼ͷһ¡
ɱһҡҡͷָָҪɱҲɱɱˣظλΪ˶ɽ֮ԥã˴˻һˣĳѾȹˡԣȹνҲо飬ǿԴҷһµġ
Ѫħʲô˻ɽ٣ʲôһȹν鶼һߣһҪͻΧ
һ״Ųʣһˡ޽򡯣˿գ΢΢һЦʼˣ
˵䣬ŻûĽˣ·èèһ㣬ͻȻ֣һѪţһ־лصƣһ˲䣬ˣڳħһԼͷһΪ֪һ̣Ѿˡ


һİ ڵ֮׶͵
ͷǲչĽƣڳˣǸ籾ԸУǿѪħɫѿΨһһһ촽ϣ·˵ʲô
Ǵսһ㣬Ҳܴ໰˵ͬˣлǰѹǽһ˵꣬һǸ߸ߵĽƣ˵ʲôֻһЦݣһ䣺ɵƮ죬̫Ͻ𵤣ɾתһתһ٣
һǸ֪СӣഫУΪʲôԼÿÿһתҪһνԭⲢϹͨУ̫ϵĹԭ
Ҫ֪̫ϵֻ֪֮ⵤ֮ȴ֪̫ϵĺȴڵ֮
νڵڵһΪߵıԴģߵĽ𵤣ħߵĺˣ޷ߵڵҲС
ѰйڱԴĿνֿأһζ°̫ϵڵ֮ȴͬҲ֪ո˴󵨴󣬻ǵиߵĵز
ڵ֮˾ȻһöԴĵɵҩһ㣬޾Ԫ֮⣬õַĥʹ֮ﵽһ־״̬һֲϵƳ³£ڵ֮Ѿﵽ˽ĵز
ֻΪ̫ϵΪصĴУڵ֮˶ܵõŵӣŵԲ˵ǺĵӶҪ죬õֻƤëΨеմһ̳߲ĴС⴫ģҲҪľǡ̫ƪ
Ҳһ֮Խ𵤺ԪӤ㾳ͻƵʱ׽ٵԭͬҲ̫ϵС̫֮ѡ̫֮ԭ
Ͼһе˵ſԷգҲһʵıԴȴ١ҲΪʲôһһ̫ϵܵõеԭ
񣬵õ̫һУ֮öҪĪڡԼڵ֮
ˡ̫ƪΪģСԪڵ֮бʣٲ֮ǰһ֪¶˾ĽбϹŶΪĹֶ
Ҳ˵֮Ѿ죬ڵ֮ôסΪڵ֮ȻԡڵΪƾ۸ӳ̶ȣɳ̶ȣԶԶڡⵤ֮ϡ
а͡𡯡ĥתֶΣһƾҩҪӺѡһһ飬Ѳʱ䣬ͬʱ֮ĸҲ١
һЩСڵ֮УȴһҲΪؼһһֱûɹǾǡ١ν١ʵ֮еش𵤵ֶΡ
һסڵ֮С١ҪĲ֣ΪΪҩΪ¯ΪΪˮ𡯡𵤾תתŽ٣Ҳֻˡ١ܷӳڵְ֮˵ƾ˾ŴԽԽҵĽ̫ϵױȵڵ
Ҫ֪ϹʱսǸɽǿҪҲΪҪۻֺǷҲܳƵҪ˵Դ񴿴⣬һ̫ϵؼ⡮𵤾תתŽ١ڵ֮
һõڵ֮ЩѾȹνȻͿ׽ķʽִֵʹù١ֶΣⲢĽҲ
һһʹá١ֶζ𵤡԰ȵҸطɽ٣ʵǿٳģضһɱԵ˫ͬɱﵡ
ҰĲֹڴˣΪֲ֮ǰûϵȱݣΪ˽١Чͬʱʹõħ𷨣֮ϣ˳Ƴһ˵汳һͬжɽٵ
Ҫ֪Ϲʱ򣬸õ̫ϵġڵ֮Ϊһõǵʵٴΰθߣﵽһǿĳ̶ȡΪԭûܳСһͬޣ̫ϵĴУִûôܹŹ
һɹˣ𵤴ĺˣɷӣ̨ߣﵽһֲΣǸʱ򣬲ʵһԾǱҲߣΪϹǱʿԳϹʱ˳ȴʧܵĴ
ȻЩǺˣϣ˶ڰ׼ֶΣԸֵ֮׽٣ϣܹСһЩΩһһˣΪͷҰšĴһЩɣ
ٽ֮󣬡ۡһ֮һۿ׳룬ʮӲӵ׹⻺ֵĲǶ׼һģǶ׼ԸкѪħģ׳̶ȣλɽٸֿжо
һˣǳԼĽףǹһ˿΢Ц


һİ ֮£ϣ
˽Ȼһ٣˽ٷΧǾͱ쵱Ҫͬе٣ȻΪͬ׽ٴСһ˼ͬһʱ̽ܽ׵ĺ
һһҲɫֻñԪӤʱǿʮңһΪˡæǵİٱ
ǵ£ʮ˷ܣдʣԪתһף޽һ˿赲ֱӶڡ
׽ٶ
ڵ֮ĵһ裬ؽ֮ʣǿȻҲôɹʽУǰȫԻЧʶԶԶǵô򵥡
֮Ԫڻ㣬עм⣬ƤëϸܵһǿĴϴȻΪһʱ֮ܶʣ׽֮ȴõǿ档
һȦѾǿ׳زܹ췢ĶɽٸӲƴǿһ֡
Ⲣص㣬صǣ֮ͨתѾѱ˼֣űԪ뵤֮С
׽ٶ͵
ڵ֮ĵڶ裬ҲΪҪͺĵĲ衣ʱ̣׼ֶһģ󷨳ڽ֮ϣ֮˳ĿʼѭЩ󷨳𵤹ȥ
һ˿˿һ֮Ķ֮£ԭѾʵĽ𵤣ٴСϸǿ̻һۼϸһȻ׵ض֮ɫ·سһ㣬һеʼһö𵤡
ʱ仺ţ㻨ʱ䣬һ׹źķɡڵһ١˵ѾԲ𲢵ȴڶ١
׹⣬Ǻܼ򵥣һʼ׼ֶΡ׹һɣһӿеĺˣһӿϵ̨
е֮УѾɽᾧ״ÿÿһѪҺħԪʮֺˡʱ׹룬ΪħԪпƣ˲ͬˮ͹һ㣬ը˿
һо׻ζֻǶԴҲ׼оڵ֮ӦõħϵĿֶʩչһƶķҲչ׽֮ڻ㡣
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еﲻͬϵķ𷨱ûʲôƣֶθ򵥼֡ѾξһֻҪһЩӷã׹谭Ķ̨
ʱ̨֮УһѾһȺж˳ȥ׹ݺ֮£ԭֻʵ̨Ȼʵļӣԭһ飬һ˿쵣·貵ʯһ㡣
о棬֮Դڽб仯һͷʮ⡣׽ٵĵһʱ֮׽֮ת
ۿȥ˶ڶԿ׽٣зŸҲͰˣǼħħǰһƱ˥ˣרſħ޵׽٣ﻹסһɫ԰
һ΢עıԸԼѪħˣǹȻǸֵ֣һ׽Ȼûһɺ⣬Ҳ˲ǣֻһˡ
˽һ׽£ûнҲŸһһҲóûúùһ£ȻĥǹҲùûĥ
ʱţһħ׽֮ѾǽʮʱˡȽ˽׵˶ϢͻָΪùûһ¡ڶ׹
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һ׽ٱҲΪΣȻÿһǰһǿĿȴڵʮʮŵ棬׽ǰ涸
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һĻ˶Ծ°͵һʱ䣬ҲͰˣԸУѪħλɵ֮ɫһ˿ʶݣƺڽʲô뷨
һʱųɾŵ˼ڵ֮ϣҲ˼ˣֶģͷЦ˿ͷƻҪһʱܽµףһ⣬ȻЩڵصķħ˹ȥ


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һץΣһħʦһûУֱӱӿռȥˡ
дĸֶֻֿܹбԸʦѪħˣԽŹţҲֵסһ׽á
ӷ𣬲ΪãѳѣһʦۼҪһ׽ãһȻŷҪԷ١
ЦʲôѳΪΪҪҲҪΪȥ
һһ֮䣬һؽ£ֱϨ棬ͬʱһƽΣӿռȥ
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⻰ʱһ֪ġǻ뿴ЦȴЦΪһֶεֿ˵٣ǹ˳δһѽѵķ
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飬ôǶаһ顣һʱ䣬ħֶ
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СУħͷǿԸ鸽ֻҪԸ⣬ͬԴһ΢΢һЦ
⻰ԸʦС¶þ˪ЦݣҡҡͷҾͲˣҷȹ̣Ͷʩ·ĲȣȻܻΪҲҪˡ
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һһһħ˾ǿҲ˵һЦãǾλܹȹĽɣ
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ǵĲ֪룬һȻҲԳһ˿أصȴǻϲ
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һǵĻǹһ˿ЦݣöƷ鵤ͷĴҲΪһζɽ׼ıϡ鵤֮˵һҩҩһٴδ߶ڵ֮ʼȡ֮е֮ٴͶ֮С
һöĽ£ȽСҲǵʮ˵׵ʮ֮󣬱ȵ϶ɽڸһȴٴ޽ն飬һɰ֮С


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ԸкѪħͬʱͬһɻֻһûٶڽ֮£ƺȴʲô
ûƷϢһѪ鿪ʼֳ䷽һͷһʱҲڶˣ˫ֳ״һ飬޼̫


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һҲҩٶ֣һЦȻִ𣬳ǽδĽɱ˹ȥһֱȻʹ˽ȥ
һɱ֮ǰн֮񱩵ͨ޽һ˲䣬޽⾭ܹ׽٣Ϊɽ鱦ķɽ˷ܣǷ
һϸǿЦѣȻʱ޾׽֮Ͱҩ£ϵĽָֻͷǵûаõͷǼ˷ܣ·Ҫһ֮£춼
ʱƣ鵤ҩָƵٶҲ˺ΨһܹռƵľڵ֮ȡ֮ٶԽԽ죬𵤣ĺ˺̨ڷ֮
ÿÿһ˿֮֮Դһ֡ǴʱоͨϹŽ𵤾Ʒֵ˴ڣҪ㵵Ϊһһ֮ԴѾ޽ӽһƷĺ˺ԽƷۣĺƷƷӽƷĳ̶ȡ
Ҫ֪һ֮ӵһϵȵ֮ԴϹʱ򣬾ܳΪɵĺĵӡһ֮ӵǼֱǧѵһţ̫ϵҪΪĵӣԴеԴ
ȻϹŶϾûɹܽ𵤾ƷһҲϼɡֻҪɹɹһö̫Ͻ𵤣õ̫֮֮ǰĺѡΪʽ̫֮˴е᲻ߡ
ȻЩǺ󻰣ʱҪҪľǶȹһ١ǶȲȥһжǿ̸ˡ
оҩɿʧҪٲָܻˣһͷϲޱֻǷɿеĺˣҪҵȱҩʱһͷӿûҵҩİ취ȴҵһƽ㡣
ֻһֳֽӦףһָ죬תҿ
һ֣ʱһϢϱһ͵ĽɢһΪ͵һһʡһʱ֮䣬һصԪǣƣڽҲ֮ת
ЩڵԪһתһ߻ע֮Уһڣٽ뵤֮УһֳΪԪһֳΪҩ鵤ҩ޲
ԭҪͷһٵһǰ˽תýǿ޾Ԫʹ޸𻵴ﵽһµƽ⡣ΪƵգʱƣȻټֵĸá
ȻʱһһĹȥҲ֪˶ʱ䣬ԭպһĽڵ֮һŽҲԭУΪԸУѪħ׼Ҳ·һ㣬Щή裬ҲǺһˡ
ӦԼǰľһ֪Ǹһ˶ϵʱˣһХһ𣬽׹ɢٵһȻͬƶ¶֮
һʱ䣬壬صĿݣԼǱĶɽ֮ˣûʲô֤
ڱԸУѪħ˾ƣߵĽһ飬ҲѵʱһӰһ˭ˡ
ȻͬǶɽ٣һӦٶȣǡķȻðգջʮ־޴ⱾԸжӦ˶ȣ˶˼־飬ڶɽа⣬Ǳȴûʲôô
Դʱ˿һ˼ɵԹޡ֪һȫʢܶԸڸʮĻ̾ҪȥѪʳ⡣
һƺںһ㣬ûǣԹԵ˼öҩ̷ȥƬ֮˶첲˻֣оû²ſˡ
Ǳģһǹһ˿Ц⣬ǰȥҲ˵ʲôֻ̧־ҪʩչֶνǷӡһۣȻĬͬʱųֶγһ
÷ħͬʱһܣûпֱӲĽֻžž죬Ԫûķ´ƣǰɢ

һĻֿӶ˳ȻǾƣųֶҲѰܹסһǵסںӡӶûһǾͲáֲܹݵˡ
һĿ˿ŵ𣬻һ̧ͷһԴмŶˣ˵ţ˳ң


һľһ ɢ
⻰뵽һǶʱ֪˵һɽ֮ʵһ޷ķˣƾһǿ̬Ҳֵܹһ˵Ҫ첻
ֱĿһûпڡһǷžţһħžħͷµû뵽ȻҪֵһСӵͷвҲвԸ⡣
ôǺûУҪ֣Լ鸽
һֶٲȻ˷ʵҲˣȹȻҲвСģܹӳѾͬնӲƴɽٺڣɽԲ˵ĸֹһС
Ƭ̣ǻûжһʧˣһ̧־ͳץȥһɿϯʱǴöᣬתۼһС
һһֻץСһ㽫ѶѲˣո׼һһָǵͷӡסˤڵϡ
ɽڣѾȹһν֮ϵܡһûнת»ʰǲãвֶοһԵˡ
˵䣬һ˫γһö裬۵һ¾ʹüġһ˲䣬ֻоԼ֮еӡǱȻûбץסҲԶˡ
뵽ӡǱץǴӴ˾ҪһУΪūһĴڣ־֮бܵ˼£һеǺ壬֮Ѫħȱӡٹ㣬ԴСҲסӡ
һҲûܶԸⲻԸ⣬һ̫ϵĽƴȥû֮Уһ̣˵ѾգͷתֻҪһ˿漰һĶᱻ֪
˵ֶαȲϡ֮ԶǱĬǿģȴвķ鵤ŵ㣬һ̫ϵطеЧ֮ãɵ˶׷ֺͽ˵ʮֲˡ
һУһҪ⿪˷ӡڴʱһǰδǿϢ˹һͷһ·ʲôסһ
ǡ
һ˵һ䣬һϢʹӱԸкѪħͷ
ʲôɢɣϾȻֶɽٲǿסˣһŶˣִзϹŲͬȻܵͣѾԪ񡣶׽֮£ֻҪԪ񣬾ͿԽ׽ٵĴ֮סԪͨȫжϱϵС˳ɾһ˲ˣɷɵĴڣִɢɣϹʱɢ֮ⲢͬˡɢɵսɽĴʱйأжɽʵǿӽˣǰܸѹȣǶɽԲ֮󣬴һɢˡ
һһԵ֡ȻȫԸҲԲηǰɢɣոնɽ٣һΪͻƻûȫȹ̣ǾʹӲƴӮԿĶͷһתһ뷨
ת䣬㽫Ǹ뷨ʵʩϸ򹹽ȷ֮Ҳ㲻ָڱԸкѪħüģ˴Ѫ֮Լһģæȥ
ʱѾֶ޸Ե֮󣬾Ϳһգ˾ʧڴϲӰ
Ƭ֮󣬱ԴСкѪħɫķɵϡƹĵһֻԭ˸âĴȻȥ
ڴ⻪ȫʱһ⻮ʣһС谭ֱڶǰ⻪ɢżһɫߣڤ֮ɫ·ܹ֮е
ݼڤ𣡡Ѫħæȥг˾֣лҡ
ڤԣһҲһԸǰһƾҪȥʱһӱԸͷ𣬶һŴֻһ۰ĺС
ӷڤʩʲô˼ѵҪħսɣ
ڤߣһٰɮû˰ɣ㾹ȻҲˣ
⻰ԸæתȥһݵСɮԸٰɮ
ٰɮ屾Ըе˵ͷſڤ΢΢һЦڤʩ㲻ҲĴôͨˣΪˣƶɮȻȻΣ
û⿴װ׾ĺУھô𱬵ĻڤԣɫЩѿ֪Լٰɮôһ㣬Ҫ֣ʮа˾Ŷġһ֮Ƿһս뷨
һڤ־ѪħʹϼɢֶξȻǴԽСĴ֮ҲΪɢɸ֣ռһɡֵȨ
ٰɮ״Ҳûţֻǿ˱ԸһۣŵһţҲ뿪һС硣


һľŶ ɽ
Ϲű֮ǰǶʤݵһ֣Ҳɵۼ֮أɷħ׵ʵ֮УɵΪ
ȻϹű飬жϾɵƲûʧֻΪɵϲ÷ħһʱͷ
ĸ߲ﻹ֪ɵ˵㡣ǷҪһͷ˳ǿнһɽɣɲַ졯˵
ɽָľɣ̨ϹɽΪĴ硣ڶʿ벻ͬÿһֻһɻʵЩպҲԴΪΪ֧ɽ
ǡַ졯ָľǷħҶ֮ĵжԿ˵ÿÿǧҪСһΣһδ֡ÿµʱɽֱָܻһ䡮ɲַ졯˼ڡ
һʮֽӽУɽһСϣһַǷĽ׻ᡣϾۼˣȴ˳ķħ֮ˡ
ԭɽΪ˱ܳţǰͷͣΧ˷ħ˵ǰɵȻûʾӭΪɵҲܾˡ
ҲĶعأʹɽ˽徲֮صڣ಻ϲħɣߵǵʿǰ˴ǶܣЩطǵûΪ˥ܣ١
ʱһ׻Ǵɵ׻ᣬȻҲּۻۣûǿǿһڵģмɼʤصĸоʱһ䣬󿴿ҿʹ˼侰ɫ˼
ǴӻСһ֮󣬵һҪľǹΪΪҪһȫ·ħš
˵̫ϵٰȫһײ붯ãһ˵õϢûʱͻᶼѾǡԲ˴Ѱӵз취ķơ
ˬ˷ƵԼȴȽϵֶΣ֪ⷽɽܱߡϴ˴ħҽ÷ΪĿġ
ֻɽȴûյϢ֮£ֻһ߹ΪһΧŷɽСתҵƵڡ㣬ͻʱ䣬׻ᣬҲǰһ
׻һȦҲԵıֻһζƷ鵤ҩ麣߱顯ȴûõﲢֲ麣߱ڵ̫ϵҲûд档
תת׼ȥʱ򣬺һλѣҪ麣߱顯
һע⵽˸ԼûԷھȻԼҪҩһ˿Ȥתͷ˵ôдҩ
һҪһģ֣ͷûС麣߱顯ȴŪ˱ֻҪѸôҾ̸㡣
һԣǹһ˿Ц⣬˵ͷȻˣǻѸһϢȷ䣬ôһ١
һӦôæĽԼ֪߳ԭ˵麣߱鲢ضָָһпܴڵĵطǸطʮǰһżҲżǺżкҩ֮һ٣麣߱Ȼ󣬵Ҳпܴڡ
һԷϸĽܣЦݸǿģһ˿ϷȴûöԷһʯΪл֮Ȼˡ˵һЦ˵ʯͳ׻ȥûִһط֣һʿ˵һһĻ
һһ֪ҲҪ֪ΪͿԷ⡣
ԪӤڵʿܶһɵż˽⣬ֱЩˣ˵Ҳֹܹ쵽飬ܰ쵽˾Բ࣬Ҳһ˻ҪϢΪֻǴ˼ʵ麣߱ĿԾͺܴתȥĺá
˼һתһûתȥΪżһС磬˽׻ͳȥ
δ֮ǸǡС磬һһƬһ֪ΪʲôưԣΪͨ޷ˮͻȥûͨ˾ûʿԲųС硣
һһοС磬ҲԾ˵߰ʱ֮ҵżڡֻһƬˮɵĹɫˮڷɵĹâѤޱȣһʶڶ๬Ҳý̫ϵĶһ֡
ѵһɵפزɣδ̫ݳ˰ɣ
һ˵žߣû߶ãһںƣһʱ䣬ϢԼ˵׸Ļơ


һľ 
ԭˣҵ˹֮࣬ȴϢֻ֪˻ˡȻˣҿǺƽƻҪһʱ䡣Ҳ棬ֱӽȥǣ
һ䣬һҲûЩ˿ԼһΣһ΢ɲĽʹܵ˽ǰ˲Ļ̤֮оʧ
һЩ಻ԪӤΪвƾվһ磬ֻ˲ŸоЩͬɫҲû˵ʲô
ȴ˵һˮĽ֮У̤֮ˮ仯㿴Щˮݻ䱾һʮ־޴󷨣ˮһ߳ȡһ߱
һӦнӽؼˮ׼һҲͲˮ׼󷨣£˵䣬ԼްȴǿԵġ
ԼĪ㹦һƬˮǰһ֣һ㣬ͼǿʵˮֱ㾧ɢ
󷨵ǲƵֶλЩ·תϧû飬Ҳƣһ飬Ҳûô׽ˡ
ͷԵһ󷨣粽߳һءԼһˮϣԲĶ棬һˮáһƷͷҫâ顮ʮˮ֡
⼸֣һüһƺ뵽ʲôһ䡰ôɺϰɣ粽ȥ
ˮ·ֻһһж̹;ֻ̹;ӦģǿտյĹң˵ʲô麣߱飬һݶû
һһμôߵżֻǱһԵ뷨Ҳû̫ڴҪߵʱ򣬺һ˿
Ǵ󣡡
ڴѾϤòϤˡֻƽһСֻһ󣬶һˮûС羹ȻǾɲԾˡ
˴ѵ˵Щ˲ΪΪ⴫󲻳ɣ
뵽˴һȻŹȤ飬ȻһЦ˻ͷȥתۼʹ㹬ңһ۵Ľ䣬ֻһССģ·һá
Ҫеʱ򣬺һ⻪תסϸһȻһ󷨡治ͬһ׭ΪҲƹתˮΪͬ
ѵ˵˼仹˲ɣ
˼һһʩ󣬵ûһһɾӭ洵赲ͬһ¾ȻǵϮ
һڽ𵤶תʱѾмַ֡δȾ£תʱϵȻѾ֡
ڸеԷΪʵûз񼶱ֻһˣֱӺһ빥֮ҲͬʱһӰ󷨺档
ƮƮ˿ȻŮӣٿĿⲻõķ˭ˡ
Ƽ׾󷨣ɫЩţϸһ˾Ȼǰʱľɫ˼䣬һ˿ɵͻ
һҲû뵽ƾȻ뵽ųҲЩڨڨ˼һתæЦû뵽ӾȻľĳһҰΪӲľĳˬԼŲأ
Ƽһǰ£ɫԻͣ΢΢һЦľˣҲֻЩò£ǵôģסѾȻˣ
һԣ˵ͷ̫ϵʱľĳҽ˺󱻴ͳȴѾʱ䣬ˬԼûͬߣ֡
´һһȻǸոս֮ڵϢ˼֣Цԭˣ̫ϵ֮нһ£ֺι֮Уֻǽյ˴ѵ˵󷨽Ѿ˲ɣ
˵ɫһףɫ·Լ˶ĶһҪ˺һ㡣
һ״оЩԾȴԷʹöΪԷ鱦һ׷֣ѯ·ߵ뷨Щʵˡ
Ӳصģǽʱް֮ܽȴΪҾ֮ͨպƽˣ
⻰һ裬ɫٿһȴԳһ˿ֹԥ
һˣȻȡ˼һתֻЩԽԽ࣬ȻСǷ㣬Ǿʹȥᱻưɣ
ԣŵԥʱתȣһƬ̣ľΪʲôɣǵ˵޷ֻҪܰ쵽һӦʣһ£һæ


һľ ͨ
ٿһһۣڴ⣬ľɣ˵Ҳ޷ֻǻǧҪй¶ұҲ˴
һԣϷͬʱҲоʲôɫȻӵ˵޷ľĳ췢ģ©Ϣ
ĵ˵ͷ˵򵥣ȴϵ֪ľѿôһڣ
һͷһ£Сݣҡҡͷδ
̾һľûҲ籾ĺڣǧ֮䷢䣬ʹһʧұʧˡ
˺󣬷Ƽ˵һԼ뿪磬Ĺ̡ԭĪһ㣬Եɺ֮µõ鱦ƿⱦ֮⣬ҵĴ󣬶һ
֮ϵȻٺòƻԵɺ֮£֪ΪĵҪԡٶԱ״֪һ¶²ǿʢʱڵ罫һ
ԷûҪֻͨǽ֮պʢ½̨Ӷõ෢չ
ֻԸΥеļȴ˷֡Ȼû뵽һڣҲΪбЩ˹
һУһͷ΢΢һҲûԼҪط磬Ȼ顣Ϊԭ֮ȻҲԼܵ˵ļ̤˼һת֮£뷨
ӷģ¹ϵԱķģ˵ȥæҲﶨˡ
ľ壬ʮָмֻǲ֪һ쵽
󡭡
һҪ˵һ洫Ļͷһݿ·ˮҪһ㡣
Ƽ״ɫ˲ò԰סһ¶һ˿ɱ⣬һƾͳȥ
ڲ㣬ԭⲻҵ󷨾Ȼ⻪Ҳɫըÿÿһξܽһʮֲ󷨴ü顣
ô׷ɱ಻ΪôᷢôǿĹ⣬ǷһѽƼ״ʧɫ¶һ˿ֺͻ
һ˸̣ᱻŵֵһ޷һָԭߵĹ⻪ɢ¶ľֻԭֻһԪӤ߲˹ȴһˣһΪ͵ĶǺ壬ߵʮ˶Ƿ񼶱λʮٿʼһȺͬʱֺ󷨡
ƴʱѾ̾һֶΣһȺˣɫ͵һ䣬ȻǺʮҶˣ
һԣҲѯʱ֪ǰ˵˶Ȼʲôǰǰ˶ȻǱǺƭģԼʵǿԼܹ˼ҲҪʲôˡ
ľѣ⡭ƿһ֮⣬Ȼ˼һԸЩˣֻҪΪڵӵݣԷһ¡
ģһ˵ͷҲ˵ԼҪʲôֻǻһͶ֮У˫һץһԭ赲˵󷨻һ˺һ϶˷ƾͷ˳ȥ
ں󷨣һһֽס¾Ҫйһͷ
ԭǷӣڿϳˣǷͨҪ޸ʮСѽ
ʮ֮һΪᣬ͸¶һ˿аķ̺סƣֻٿߵһʱɫһˡ̧־ͳһץ
ƶһжʼδټǷһץʱľҪһݣ˭֪һѾȳ֡
צӲҪ˾°ɣ
һ仰һһзɳצһצֱۣͬȻʹ˻Ѫ鱬ɢһ̣ǷֲŻعһʹ
ȻҶֱۣһϣ׳⣡
һȣͬʱһʩչʩչͳһɱ
ʱǣڳУһνΣ֮ǷƶһɣͷԲһͬʱҲΪԼеΡ
һҽд˵Ĳ²⣬ΪҽеľǷŽҪһ⽴ֻ֡׳ӣֱӱһըɣͬʱֱۣǴȶնϣ˳˴˵еġ˹


һľ ͨ
˵һܵεĻҲ漣ĻǵΣĴΣʮ漣ǿ²ܽ漣ˡһӲǰһ漣ɲ漣
գۼ䣬Żޱȵġʮһֻʮв̷һƬȻûһһƬֻһһֱں棬һֱͶĵʮ
ˤһƬķ֣İڻ׼ߡһһӳնǰĵ棬ʱ˶סһͬ˹һ㿴һ̾͹һƬ
Щǰƭʿһ֪룬ҲŹȥһƳֵڣ̶ʮڳǶˣûһվŵˡ
ҲһĿһβűһ仰㲻ڵӣ㵽˭
һԣڨȻһЦֶξΪסָ鷳ڷƵʣ֪ʱҲͲͨҲشֻǵ˵ͷԹԵĳʮȥ
ʮѾһˣ߹һη˱ܣǶһ˽ƣοǾʹȥ
ҹһָָΪߵİ
Ƿ񼶵Ĵ类һ˴ȣȻ߶ȴ㣬һٻԥһ£ȥ
֪ǰкηԸ
ҵķԸܼ򵥣ʶ򿪣ҿ֪ʲô˵
ʶǰҪʲô
ߣϻ̫࣡
һһҲϻ̧һ㣬һԷüģƬ֮ǹһ˿Ц
ԭˣԭֻǡ֪ǾһкðˣһԹԵĵ˵ͷ˵һξеڶΣ˴̫Ҫһѹǹؼ
˵䣬룬տǰǵϷƵĵ߰һЦˣ
ǵ߰Ȼ֪һҪʲôֱоʮֲãһҪֻһжˣϷƣҪɱһʱѾעˡ
ֻһ̧һץ˷·ܵޱ߾ѹһŶһף󷽵Ĵ֮С
ˣС飡
İɣˣ
СˮдһԴԭŴһС顣ˮѪ˽ȥƬ֮һ˿⻪ȻСǵ߸ȫˡ
齻иС飬һҲģ˿һصˣͷתδЩˡ
βôģ֪ܣҾͲܷˡ·ѡһһ˰ˣתͶ̥ʲôҲֹڶǾǹ˳ңΪҿش˴
һһӣ˵һڳ˶ԾѵĻһǺƺѾҲͰˣЩǰū۵ɢ֮о˲ˣΪ׼վҪһ
ǻһҲͷǡѾô飬ǽǷ˲ڷųඨʱըȥһϡʱǼҪǰĶᡣ
ƽãȻҪǾͽһǡûбǵʲô³˵Ҳ֪ȻҪƽǺܼ򵥣ҾǲҪڲڣô־ôֱǡ
˵䣬תͷ˿ΨһһõĺʮʮҲǶʱˣ׼ԵˣʱȻ¸һЦһһݾͳһȺɢ߹ȥ
һȺɢޱͿһаˣҪЩѴ˴˭֪һǽǵĵֻǽǿߵĵԽԽĵʮ˵ֵסѹ¹ȥڳƷ
˵һ˺ܿеڶˣûȵʮߵǰԭϰٸɢֻ˻վšȻǻµĲˣһƺ˵Ҳɱ
⼸ˣʮЩԥһһӣʱ⡣һΪֵƷųֱӳѹ˹ȥΪ߲ԪӤڣ￸סѹͨһ¾͹ȥ
һȻһĻʮֶҲΪͣ˵ͷ˽֮󣬱ίͳȥ飬ȻرմԪ޸򶷺ۼȵ˶Ŀ顣
ͬʱˮ󷨣˽ȥΪ˴żԱڵʮĴ֮£һʱŻǹ󷨵ˣٲȻһ˵ģ
һУһ֪ԼһҪԸ˿ˮ֮ԼһƮƮȻͳƲдķȥ


һľ ˵
ǰֻʧķѾǰһǰһ˫ĿĶ´·ڿʲôİһ㡣
һȤһЦѵϲľĳôľĳʲôطĲԣ
ջҡҡͷľѣ˵£ʲôݣԷŵֶξڵܹġԸֻʲô飬һ˵ˣҲ˷Ѵʱ䡣
һ䵭ҲԤϣЦһӲĽܳӣȴʲôڵӣҲľݣȴ棬ӰæҲʮּ򵥣ǾǴȥ硣
һ㶣û뵽һȻôһҪüһأҡͷˡѴȻУΪ֮ˣκΣѴ̡ԸҪɱɱɣ
˵䣬ҲƣȻ˫۾Ҫһ֡һ뵽˸ңͷЦ˼һתòٴοڡ
ʵӺαˣҲˣҲˣֻǲСı˴ͳˡЩˣҲֻһˣҪȥòӡţҾΪ磬򷽲Ҳطһ˴ֱץҪ͵ӲͿˡ
ƱΪһҪ˵ʲô´ʣ˭֪Ȼ˵ԼҲˡȻƵһͷǲţ뵽һΪȷʵЩΣ㿪ʵ˵Լˣܲǿ˵ƾкƾ֤
һ֪鲻ô򵥣ЦһҪ֤ȴʮּ򵥣طΪӢĽ֮еӢӵݣûиκ˵ɣ
һ㶣ƽʱҲ⣬͸˵˭֪һھͽгֻ˵Էˣͬһʱ뿪ˡֻ˺üȦʾ֭Ҳ벻ͬһʱ֮оȻһĸ֡
¼Ȼ֪ţȻ˵ˣڻ᲻Σȴɵ֪빫ݣԸһύꡣ
һһ㶣˵ûڣһ¿֮ɵ֮аȻð䲻֣ȴмڴˡ
ԥǷҪֶδӷõʱ򣬽ӿռһ𶯡ʶһ̽־ȻǼСѾͷӾȻҪ
ͷһ̵֪˼ȻͷЦȻҪһСѾͷ磬Ҳûиõİ취һӣһ䵽Ͼͻ
ƼһųһҲɻϸһֱΪϤϸȴû
ڷҪѯһʲô˼ʱ򣬼ѾһЦһ򸣵貨ż̼ƽ㡣
貨ţ̣ЩԾָż̵ǡӢӣ軨õʲôˣ
̼ϳݣһЦƽ㣬ӢӼ軨Сõ׽㡣
ȻҲ²⼧軨ʵݣһΪﵽڣ˿û鸡ļ󣬾ԼҲֻǼ軨Ľ֮࣬ôҲûȻǼ軨á
ôܣ軨õҲֻǽΪ⼸ʮ޳ԪӤͲˣãôкΪǡ
ƺĻû˵˼ѾǾǲż˵ѾͷЩΪòԽԽƯ֮⣬Ҳ࣬ԼƲҲûвһЦһһòСС
ƽ㣬뿴ʲô
⡭貨׾貨׾Ķ£顣ѵ˵貨ŵӡ
ƽ㣬Ҳ貨ŵӣһǻӢӵạ̃ƽԽ̶
̶
ѽҾͽƽ㣬㲻᲻˰ɣ
ᡣ
ƿẓ̇ͷЩң꣬ԵнճɾͣСѾͷСһȦȻΪһɸǿһʵ̫̫ͣԼܲĸо
һżڷƣֻһԿţ˵ʲôƬ֮󣬵ȷ뼧̲֪˵Щʲô֮󣬱Ů˹
ԭǺޣѹδšҲԵ֣һȫΪܿܿǣֲǡ
һ⻰ͷһתͰյ˵ţҲϣֻ˳΢΢һЦӲˣ¹ܿܿȻСЩãֻǲ֪ӿɴӦҴˣ


һľ ʮ仯
磬ã֮ϣݹХɹһ֮ϡݹɢֻˣһΪ꣬һǰꡣ
һڴ˱ϵóǱͽܣ˵ڣһûдơǰ꣬ǵȥˮĸĶ˼Ԩ
ȻĿ仯󣬵ȴȫͬٲǵǾǿȴͷԵСӣһϢмһ緶𵤺ڵΪһΪҲ١
Ƕ˼ԨҲ֪˶飬¶ĳ޻һ˿ڲͷΪȻƣҲнӽ𵤺ˡ
һǰһվСߵɽϣ˿һ޼ʵĺ棬Ѱʲô
ƿƬ̣ԹԵǰյõͨ˵ǡ޺ݿҪˮĸȴƽ˾ȫ޶ѵϢмٲɡ˼Ԩ֣ɷʲô״ô
˼Ԩԣ󷨾һ˫ĿƬ˻ҡͷ̽ͫܿˮ°ﶯһƬȷʵƽ˾ûа㶯ļ󡣵Ϣһͨ󣬶ݿҲȷʵһϼ޻֮Ҵˮ·㾭ĥҪ֣ڱԵǿۼУ̽
Ƶ˵ͷ˼ԴȻˣǾǰȥһ̽ɣ
˵䣬󷨾һһ¡¡ϢֵϣȻϢûȻֶΣȻ̤ѩ޺ۺű䣬Ҳʮˡ
һζûмԦݹ⣬ˮ֮Уɿĳǡ޺ȥһǧɷƽ˾ûκα仯ǧǵûм󣬷塣νȥǧʱһ˿ɱ֮ڶ
˸ʩչͫۿȥ֮һгɵæµЩʲôٽһЩŸԭǲ󷨾ڰ˱ƽȫͬٲȻһսǰ׼ģ
ۣȻˣݿȻҰĲСȻǿڴˮĸ⣬ڹ֣ݿ澹Ȼĥ±Ҫ֡ȶˮĸȻ£һǿ붯ǱǹҲ˫ȭѵ֣һˡ
˼Ԩ֣ʦ㲻ģ˵һݿ棬Ƕ˹ȫˣʦҲڲ֮ءֻӮˣҲ󽵵ͣʦ갲ļƻЩ
ἰʦ֣˼Ԩһ˿羴֪һʲôԪӤ֮սһ֮ͳǺˮĸһҵǺεεӢۣҲһѩ޵ĻͿܡ
̫ϹļƻȷʵҪֻΪ֮ƣΣһսڱУǴս𣬿¾ֻս
ԣһ˿â΢΢һЦһսⲻˣսȴһֻҪˮĸг֣ûӦ£ֶνݿܲոֹսǿʵ
⻰˼Ԩһദʱ䣬֤һɬëͷСӳɳĵزĻҲЩԾ뵽һʦĽ̵Ȼˡ
ʦͽҲͰˣƶ̶ʱͳɳ̶ȣ˳Ծϧл̫Ϲ¿¡
˼Ԩ̾ϧܿͽЩ֮ԺƼ򵥷䣬˻Ǿٳ̽һ̽ΪĽû
ΪȻһ㣬ֶΪ߳ˮĸеֶΣԽ̵ʩչֶαԪӤֶٴǧ̽˸
Ҫתʱһͷ弶޵㾫Ѳ顣ͷ㾫ҲûзֶˡúõģȴҪı󡣸պ󷨽ƺͶ˼Ԩ˰УӲ˶˵ֶΡ
ʱǣһ֮Уͻأ֣˵ڳС㾫ҲΪȡǱ׹Եɡֻʱ˼ԨѾ߶ֶΣ󷨣ƿնȥ
㾫ϸݣй¶ܵɵæȺͳƺͶ˼Ԩ׷ȥֻԭƽ˾ĺϣһȺȺ׷ɶ𣬳Ⱥӵ׷ȥ
˿Ⱥ˼Ԩһ񣬶˶ݹ˲ʱ֡㾫ҿ˿Լһ׷ƣһ˱׷˼Ԩȥ
ƶݹٶ죬ҲȲϸһ㾫ֻɳǧıԵʱ


һľŰ С
СӣǷ̽ӣȻ̽ϢٱͶ֮أ㾫û뵽׷ôò׷ƣͷ߷ߵͬʱҲݡ
ԣЦһ䣺һͷСС㾫ΪҲɣֶΡδ䣬ѾȻ֡
޲ǽľ˫޵ޡȻûм̳һĽֶΣйָܵ㶼ѰܱȣټϿʵ֮ǿҲΪ˵á
ּ޾ɽʯ飬ľҶһ棬ͽһȺû㾫صչ˵һûɽ֮Ҳһ£û̻ع
ʱȺ֮һ󺰴ϵˮĸʦܣСƣҿץסѽץסݿѽ
һͬѪһŻԹԵֵȺ۾ʱ㾫·ɫǼŮһ㣬һ˫۾Ųˡ
Сӣˮĸʦô㾫¸һЦ˫ƾɽʯͬʱʵ
ߣ˭޹أȻҴˮĸ⣬Ǿ͵Ÿɣ
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Сӣҵˣ
ߣθڲС㻹Ƚһɣ
˵䣬öӴĵⶫ㾫òҵ϶żĳƽӽ˲;ִһæľͷ˶ȥ
ƴǻһ˼ѣָһӣö״㾫ɱȥ
㾫̫ҪѾܣҲϾѽѽһһ˽ڳ޵һƣһԼոհϵʱöͬʱ¶׶Ŀ
ֻһȫ׼ƣ˶öᡣɢȥǱըĴһӰ֣Ƿŵ㾫ֻ뷽أ˫ϵѪۣϢҲʱҪĵز
Ƽ״ȻһЦʩľֶγͬʱԼ㾫ȥ㾫ֿһ£ֻǵֵһαըѾߣۺԪһߣֱӽιȥһ£յӿռȥˡ
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һͷ㾫Ϊ⣬ϾԼ̽Ϣ࣬ҲץڣͬʱҲԼͷرǿֱըɻˣﻹʲôڡ
һ־ץ˴ͷ죬ΪͶ˲ȴȥ˿Ƭ̣ڳֻʣʮļڵ˷ΧƣҪץȴʲôƵġ
ʱһХֻ˼ԨԦݹֱû塣һĻƹһЦּһԳָһ㣬ͻвһ˲ڳ嶼·һɽһ⧲֮ͬʱ·ȥ
һлɽˮĸһʹɽǼӳ֣ѹˣ벻ɽмƣȴǴɼֶΡ
һĻεĶ˼Ԩ¶Ц⣬ʮķɽͲȥƼ״ȻҲʾһ˫ӡȻǳֿȭЩɱȥ
ֲֶ޽սģ˭֪úʽֶΣǸˡС񡯵š
ֻһը촫Щաɽƣֱƺ˶Ҳסһҽŵ䵽ϡڶ˵ĺ£ﲻˣûһǡ
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֪ݣղŶҲЩˣһҪ÷ͷѵİ취
ֻԪӤΪǻƾԸѾһĴڣûǶѾסܶ
ֻһЦһŮƾճ֣ƺͶ˼Ԩһۣмҡҡͷ


һľž Ϊʦ
ҵˮĸжôӢۺܣû뵽Ȼֱһˣˣ·ҹζŸ״˵Ĵҵ
Ů˵ҪָͷѹˣʱһСˮܳæеС㣬С㣬ɱãɱѽ
ͷȥֻһͷˮһСС껹űС㣬ѵҪ˲ɡ
ˮһһԲ꣬æݣͬʱлССС㣬Ǵĸߣˮĸʦܣ˳ơС񡯣ǾʹɱˣˮĸиӦʱļƻ¶ѽ
ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬һۣƺҲϳݣЦԭ˵һС񡯵ͷΪʲôûΪȴ֮ͣ治֪ôġˮĸǿ븸״Ტ۵ûʦܾȻ˲Ц󷽣Ҳ֪ʦ˭˱ˣĺѽ
˻һһ˲䱬졣Ҫ֪Ȼһ㲻һְʦͷȴΪм;ˣ˵˵Թһ
񼴱Ϊ󾳽磬Ҳܲãŭһ˫͵һ𣬾Ȼ˶ԷƵ˺һѪۣӲѳ
һĻüͷ΢壬û뵽ôһСʿȻԼķû뵽ǶԷԼһֶڷ
еûʵվЦˣ
ȻͷЦһβ֪Ϊݣԭ򣬲ȴûмų֣ĿƺҪҪʲô
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һֿ񱩵˵˸֣ͬʱӿһִоֶ΢΢Ծ
СԭˣΪˣ΢΢һЦˣҪ˵ɱֻ̫ԶתͶ£ͶҸҲԣ˵һл˵
ԣ¶һ˿Цݣ㣬ݿ棬ǿҲȲʦҪҸͶʦţҿɱסҪɱңҲù
˵䣬ץһöҰɫӣ͵һһɹȻз壬һɱȷŸӿ񱩵Ȼв磬Ѿнӽļˡ
ʲôֶΣѵɱɣУɱˣ
ͷһҪǰ׽ơ˭֪֣һ֮Ϣϱֱӳźɱ

罿һæֻһ˿Ȼһ֮±նϣһʱ֮ŭ֮ӿͷ
Ѿ񣬹ҲֻһȡһӽͷֶΡغϣù⣬һһϹƵͷ¡
ֶŭȻͬ죬ȻƴֶΣֵסͼϹԽԽܿҪֱ֣Ӻ䵽Ѩ
һԵĶ˼ԨæвѣɲֻͣǷϹҪץȥ
ߣץסС㽣⣬˵ڣǰ֮Ҳܣ
ôҾòҪ꣬һ㹻ˣһȻƾմͬʱֵĻһֱֱۡ
ֻһֱֻƵһ㣬ϵ˲ɢһ㣬һϹҲɢ˹⻪¶һģɫɽ
һĻ羪òΪԼ֪ԼֶΣһǷҲܽ⿪ôɣΨһпܵľǸһĶɽٸˡ
ʸ˭˴ڣҸݿ棬нǰͼһ棬ûнǰҲ뿴ڼҸϣŹʱɣ
˵壬һݣһ̽Է̬ȡֻƺûк뷨ֻЦһһ䣺ԴСܹ鲻ãʱ̶ɣ
˵䣬һŮӲĽǵģԼԴС̶˰ˣ˭ʦֶѣʦҲܿš
һ䣬ƾһӰֻ֣û翴ӰǰѾһȥԼȻһ֮С˵⽣ûԵö󣬵һϢдһʱմң㱵ĸо
ȴ˵ʱ棬һӰȺ֣һһǰ̧һĶţһ˽ȥƵɫŻ԰ףһ˲ͻ
һɵӣΪʦˣ


һ 
ŻǱ棬ת˲֮һ׽ޱȵȥֿʼȻơһֱһԵĶ˼ԨһĻĻת䣬ʱ˵Ǻ˵ıӰǰЩãƺʲô˫Ǿϲ֮ɫ
ˣ㣡
ƺҲ˶˼Ԩ˵ţһֻһӣס˼ԨĽ˲ɢ·ûгֹһ㡣
˼Ԩ˽ƣϾϲӣæķǰǰչȥ߳СӶ˼Ԩ̫Ϲлָ㣬СѰˮĸ
ԣ̧ͷ¶ݣһ˭ˡԭһǰ˵֮󣬾Ҫ贫ط硣
Ϊһʧޣò޸ܴ֮ͣΪ˹һͨһʩչֶΣСôǶɽٸǰ򶼲žŻŻط
طһ·ͳǺڱۣû뵽·ӦƵϢǰԮ
˼Ԩ΢΢һЦãһĳޣתȷʵʱգһܹ𣬵ǽ֮ô£˵˵ɣ
˼Ԩһһ䣬ͷϲæĽ̽ץס˵֮⣬򵥵ĽЩı仯аħĴսص𣬺ƻҵȵȡ
һգ˵ͷ̵Դͷҷ磬ҷ棬֮ǵҹƣǽħʵǲˡǵصǧ꾹Ȼʱ򱬷ȻҲӦʲôǵİţаʱոڲܣҪ׼һһͳˣʱˮĸҲһϯ֮˰ɣ
һＸ䣬Ҳܶ˼Ԩ⻰ô𺳣һһ䣬һӰ߳
ȶС׺ͺƷƣ֮һȺǿ׻ɮµˣЩϴһսոĶɽټ֣ٺڶֵ֣ȡԪӤģһս㣬һûзųҲǺѹѹһƬվǰ
һĻǶ˼ԨϲЩ˵ΪҲоѹʱ֪Ϊʲôһ̫Ϲһ͸˵ոһʱ֮䣬ͷȣ˷ֽ֯ΪоԼʱѾԶˡ
һ֪˼Ԩ뷨ȴ˵ʲôָָֻЩħ֣ķԸ˼ԨϤʲôľǰȥһҼҵոɡȻ˵ոвϾͷҲһֶΣشٽ٣ɱɹֲʶʱˣ㲻ҲҪؽ֮£̫ϧ
һȻȴвΥƣ˼ԨȻٵȴΥ棬æӦͳһȺͶΪĸȥ
ЩǷܹãȴ֪Щ˲ô򵥣һǱһ˽ƣ˿ˣݣ򵥽䣬˫ȻʮֺԺϼƼ䣬Ǿͱһһȥ
һУһ֮һеı鿴˿ԼԵƣ̾һҲ֪ʲô
СƲǰϧĿһۡƽԼʦʱһԹʦ˲ְȻһ߾ʮ꣬ͽܱ۸˶֪ȹˣʲôĿ
һڨڨһЦҲ֪ͽȻһ㣬ںģֶԼµ˺֣Ȼ޳ֶΣʦ֮ҲһλȻˣֲֻȴ˵أ
⻰СһһȭȭТ޼ۣҲüͷ΢ʱƷƲ˿ƣЦһƺʲô뷨
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˵ǰ취ȴҲǰ취ֻ뵽㽫׽ոḶ́뵽Щ飬ͽҲϴСˣ˵øҲһ˶Ҳֲܵأ
˵ƷƿһƬգһָе¶ҿŮͲο丸Ǻһͷܹոδⲻˮĸҵа
һԣЦҡҡͷһȴòͽܵԼ⺢ӱӾЩƧȻһЩȴֱ̫׳⣬ǸŸߣһҲĥһĥӵǲģȻƷ˵ˣǾѾͷˡ
˵䣬һеƵľѾֻ࣬ΪԷһһƶ׼ͷһзɳһöͬˮһĵ


һһ öʦ
ˮʱ䣬һ˹ΪԼתȶ⣬Խħ𷨣ͨ෬о
ԭΪĽת̫ΰ˶ӲΪתתתͽ֮ǰĸ߰˰ˡҪֿٵĽҪǿĸ
֮УѾﵽһƿǲ⣬ҪɷһпͻƣĪڵ
ǰ̫ϵУСæڶȻߵĵУз߲ǻ۰֮£Զ̶굤ƽʦˮ׼
һöĥƳһöƷ鵤׼ȷ˵ûԵ鵤̫ϵǰ鵤ҩö˴롣
Ϊһƣҩ֮мΪܸ١ġ̫Ͻ𵤡ϢҩƷϼѣͬƷ鵤ҩöҪִн磬ͬƷ鵤֪ǿ˶١
˵ܹȫ˵٣ָƣħȵҩ֮⣬ҩԪ㹻ĽΪڣȡʡʱ䲻ֹʱһҪľСһΪƴ鵤С
һö鵤һüҡҡͷֽȡö⡣֮Ϊ˳㡣
ּ̧䣬֮ȸסһö鵤֮һСʱһ˿͵ҩɢһһץһͽ֮ͶŶȥ
ԭѾһȹֻΪ껹Ż˯ûѹһҩʱתһͻת
ƻ˷Ժļ䣬ոתҪ֣һ£˵֣ǶһӾŭѹǰһһ˲䣬˫ɱ⾡ʧ֮΢
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ͽһˣ
ʦͽʮû򵥵ʴ𡣲һҲ֪ԼͽԸ໰ͷҲ򵥽˼Ƴʶֲһʦְ
һ˵֮⻹ǰƼ˷ܣƺڻһԼҲܸһһ硣ܿ켤Ҳʲôҿ˿
һ״֪ʲô΢΢һЦ߰ɣȥѾͷʦ£ܹС
˵䣬һЯƣС׺ͺƷƳǰȥԶƾһһǰڽ֮Ͽƣڽ֮Уֻǿס
һǰЦһһЦ㿴ɱΣ
һ˵ͷ̶츳¹˶þܽһ򷨵ĵزֻʱȴ㣬µÿһʱˡ
ޡɫ΢΢࣬һƣɵðڳһʦõͷЦһԭСʦֶʦǵһμ棬һ°ɣ
˵䣬̴ͳһöȻȴ˱ըϢ·һըܹһöһһԷƷ֮ߣǺһĸƶɡǰöɵǿ˰ٱֹ
ȻΪߣȴһöӣ֪ǿ̫࣬ΪʦҲ㶯õļû뵽Ȼǰ⿴ͲԼٵʦõļ
ԥǷӵʱһЦ̶ãһνʦþͳô󷽣һγʦôѽ
˵ǺƷƣŮƽʹȤˣ̵Ҳ£Сһ㣬˵ңʦôûʲôѽ
̶ãʦ͵ﲻԶ߽ǰôƷ˵Цָָǽбס硣
һ㶣뵽ƽ￪ЦҲʱ׺ƷƵ˵һҪһĹ
ʱС˲ò˸Բã̶ãǶ˶зݾˣǶǳͲҪСǰˣǵһϰɣ
С׿ڣƷƺͼ̶ʾͬ⣬׷˵һһ״ЩεڨڨһЦ
ƿһĻһ㶣ΪֻСλʦûת۾һʦһòʦﲻԶ˵ʦãͷ̾ѡ
ʦʦôʦһҡףˣʦͼʦŶڻʦã˵ʲôš


һ һ˵Ů
ƻãʱһѾȻ֡üջؽͬʱһץͱһǰ
籾Уۼ򿪣ԼȴܶһȺǰһȺкȻзԼƣ͸оԼ֪ʲôˡ
ˮĸһλϣݿŮ磬ҷȰһ䣬Ҫκ˼ٽҷˣƬ֮󣬼Ҹϵ𿴸ΪˮĸϣҲһ׷Īģ
ԭΪһˮĸķϣһ뵽ԼǶɽΪϵӲ˼֡ҲûоʲôģÿһζΪģһλʲô⡣
ֻ绹Сǰ⿴ԴϢˡˮĸķϣѾǸɱ񡣱˵ǶɽϵʮɽٵġɵһҲܽŪڹ֮УͶ롮޽򡯵ȼϴ
һǵûаɣۣ΢΢һЦݿ棬ɽٸֵŮãϾҪΪҵūͣݾ͵ͽܵŮˣ
һ֪ԼϵΪʵΪܹŵԷ˭֪һ伱תֱ£һһӷΣеʲôҵŮ
һҡҡͷָָƵҵŮͽܵŮ
翴һۣٿһƺ뵽ʲô㣬ʦҲˮĸʦôܣֻкΪϢûаڸΪĺۼ
һԣһЦҵΪι£οֶ̫֪࣬Ĺھ㣬Ů
籾ľһݣһתΪһͼƭԼһЦ˵ǵŮǶҵ̴ӣһϴӦǡ
ϻ̫࣬Ȱͷϣһ⻰ͷ֪˼ٲ໰εָһָڣڶָָ꣬תۣһöӡĳϡ˵һ䡰ƣ°ɣ׸ơ
һĻ̫ͻȻҲ̫𾪣ƸӦͬʱڶһΣľͽץסֻõģŸоЩ֣ԥʦ⡭
һ֪ԥʲôҡҡͷҪɱ㣬ͽ㣬ҪɱҲУҪҲУȫ㣬Ȼʦ˵շΪʦŮȻʵϡƽϾǺΪѰҲѵãܹΪãҲǲСս㲻Ϊãһĥԣչ˷֮£Ҳ
Ʊһ˵ֱͷٿ磬ͷȴȻУԷֻһŮģ֮ľҪһ飬߷ˣ⴦á
ʱΪȡӡЩͷתתо֮һ˿ȱʧͬʱеķģʱ뵽ԼϵԸһЩŮ޵ֶΣʱһʲô
ѵЩ֪룬ǺƷڿһЦСѾͷǽ˺ˣܹҼƿΪŮҲĸء
ԣɫ˲ѿ˿һˣԼֻǿƣǺеģôұ֤ˮĸийϵˣʦѲ˹ϵպҪΪ˸ۣ
ûһ仰ƻҪ顣ô֪Ȼвһвʱеһɨա
۾һָۣһѪȻֱѪ֮һѪ֮ǲոԼԺҪ⿪ˡ
ǷıһѪüģǾɥ֮⣬ƺ˻һ㣬ƶʹ֮⣬ƺҪá
Ƽ״ȻЩ뵽Ů׺ᣬһᣬʩչֶΣֱӷΪŮźѵҪź㲻ɣ
ԣƴֿһֶθ߳ĲԸҲǿ壬Ա˵ĴСת۾ͳƵһ
һУһŮΪ⡣һ΢΢һЦƣ·ɣҪǸ׵һø֮ǰѣ
Ȼָ֪ʲôҲΥ棬Ӧŵһǰ·ȻҲΥ治á
Ʒƺһû뵽ôʹˣҲ֪нûУУʦһ澰ɣ
˻һǰ·ֻоһԪ᲻ιȥֻǴʱɫǵͨ죬ȴܷһ䡣ڵƱЩ˲һҲ˲͸ˡ


һ ϳ
һƬߵڣȻۼʲôĵطֻǺһգһɽټݿٴ˵أʹֶͨν˵ͳһŻޱ޼ʶ֮еһ
֮ȣǺȻƼûжɽٸ֣ȴҪһ֡ȻˮĸͳһǺˮĸһɱѾһĴڡ
ˮĸЩ꾭֮׼ϢȻɵȴҲƽ½ͣص֣ӣЩСҲʼΣ
СͶǿǿͼ̲ͬˮĸȻʮǰʱͻȻȴһͻأоȴ֣Խ
һɹˮĸϲǣʤҲǲʤ·ɱƲ㣬һҲعˣһƿҲɲЩӵľͷơ
ƵĿ֮£粻òǰ·ͷȻȴЩ˻Լݺ޵еϵĶ֣·ͬʱҲŵԼϵʰһ֮ζԸȻҿԼͬŮëͷСӡ
һٶĿ죬Ҳûлһ㹦ڡ˴ɫȺ廹壬ɻħæµʲôǿһ˵ʱЩ裬ǰ棬Ҳͷ׷׾С
գһһȺĺڡƣһӴĹ롣һɹԪ뵣ٲȻһôд
һͻƣʱ̤ʦ磬һҲ˿һ˼֮󲻽뷨ֶȴֲЩҳֱ֣ӽ飬ʱⲼ˵
⻰ѾƷſ֮£ЩɵһȻΪҪ˵ʲôʱһݹХһꡣ
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ݿĵڶӣǣΪǿзΪһһˣȻʶȴ£ֻǿһ䡣
ԣ˼һתҪ˵ʲôԼλֳǰȥݿ档ֻһᣬЦһһһǲƹȥ
ûϵһϢľ͸ɶԼ֣ʵǵ£һЦ־Ҫ˭֪ոսӴһסԪסܶ
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һֻû˵ڣ˾ͱȥһûܷ
һĻŻһ˫۾ֱˣΪûмԼֳô׾ͱ׽ãҲС
ǿ֮뵽һԸŵĿܣǾǰˮĸʦȻǱԼϵĴڡ뵽һԸŵĿܣǾһֶΣʵȲԼĸס
ֻһɲ˼С飬Ҳ·ֱӾߡֻǷһ£˿˳ˣҲ˷ɻȥš
Щ˵ģһҲû׼ɱˣϾոҪΪԼ£ɷ˵һ£価װ˽ȥ
Щŵ֮֮ȥץˣԼܸѾֶηǧﺣ򣬲κߡ
ȻƬ̣һֳȻü񼶱ֻЩ˲ʵֶжϡƽ¹һоͱˡ
ΨһպùһеһˣĴ磬ӵзڵΪǧǰĳֵ֣һ֮󣬱һһ˻ֿױ׽ȥ
Խһ㲻ĹһоһȺʿ֮⣬ںƷƺͼ̵ߥ֮£ҲŮ
Ƕ˶ĽãһǺڵΪһԪӤڵΪòյӣֻܹԹվսսԼ˵ʦ
һץ˼֮һŭǹһһݹ⸩ݹ֮󣬸һɰԾϢڶ
ڰ˫ɷ
ݹ⣬жȼϣĹâΪǷڵĸ֣ұۡڶɽٸѹɼʵ֮ǿ


һ ݿ
ݹݶٶ֮ʮ˵ãƺΪŮЩͶûɱԶԶ㺰ˣҴٽ׽˽ݹҶȡ
һ˶ˣǹһ˿ϷʵЦݣССķڰˣֶֻεЩͷǱаգ
˵䣬һȻһ֣һѾݹм䡣̧һӣһ˿˾ȥǺڰ˫ɷƺеԾҪͷ˿⽣˿һ֮£ȴǸһ
ֻġžһ˿ըɫ˿ͬջһͽڰ˫ɷС
ɱ
ڰ˫ɷɷ֮һ֣ɶ̳֣ǶֿɽٸֹУһʵǿҲһԶԸǶˡܳûץһܽС㡣
ֻһƶһǵĻϡһôһݵţһѾһǿߣעʧܸա
ȻոսҲûʲôŶУЩĽ˿Խǿ˵һɲ͵ÿÿԸһֹҪʹ˺޾Ľ˿ӿֱ֣ӽǰУӲ
Ӻڰ˫ɷֵɼӣֻԼĪʮʱ䣬һѾһٴνӿռȥˡ
һĻλС㣬వԿӵʿһ϶ûһ˿Ѫɫһ˼򵥾ʹ˺ڰ˫ɷʵ֮ǿ±ݿֻǿˡ
һһУʲô£ɻǰǴЦһµ˶ˣ̨Ҳ¶˰ɣ
һ˵Ĳ󣬵ڳ˶һʱ䣬˵ĿⶼڣݿĹȥ
Ƭ֮󣬷ž뵵ǹԽԽŨһ¹Ӱ̤նƮ֮ˡ߽һ뷢԰ףһ˿Ŀ䵭ȴƻƮݵγһ۵ʡǳưݿ档
ڳˣһһЦ
ʲôˣΪδץºŮݿһ
ʲô֪ܿΪǰǾҪԼʲôˣ
šʲôѵˮĸ˲ɣˮĸһСѾͷô˭ˮĸݿ飬´˷תͷͿһŮ
һԣһЦݿ棬һͽûˣȻˮĸ⣬̫ϹҲǺ˰ɣ
̫Ϲݿüͷһ壬һһˮĸһ̫ϹѾʧٶ꣬Ϊ̬Ϊƣֶֻν׽á
Լ޻һԷһҡͷʲôֶ㲻ùܣҪĽѡˣ
ѡʲôѡ񣿡ݿüͷһ
ѡܼ򵥣һ˵ţһӵҪôͶˮĸΪˮĸһ֧ҪôҾͽʱΪūҪΪˮĸ
ʲôݿ汾ΪһҪЮҪ˭֪ڵѡһһҪ֣ȴסһݣЦЦЦƾʲô˵仰ѵΪһֶξܶԸˮĸѾǿʮǰˮĸٲɣ
һ״ҡҡͷڤ粻ˣȻˣǾ͹ֲҲˣ
˵䣬һһ㣬һ𣬲޽ʲôԴһδս֮޽;þûгʡٶѾЩȲĳһ֣һնħƾķ
鱦Ƕɽ鱦
ݿȻ޽ĲͬʱȻһ֮ԡ񡯵ԭͷɵͬʱҲŨṴ̃
ñѽǺñܹõõطţֱӴɱķͳһȻӾ½һĿȨʱпܳ˵ҲǲܵѽıСУֱ鰵Ͷ±е߾֮Ȼ˱ɱСһԦֻҪСļ֣ܣ˱Ȼ֡
뵽˴ݿһ˿ϲ⡣һˣȻ׶Է˼ֻЦݺ̫࣬дǳ˽ǳ£һ㶼⡣
ͷݿһЦСӣΪһ鱦ܶԸɣ챾֪Ϊʲôҽݿ棬Ϊʲôܳư겻Ҵ˺ռ䣡


һ սپ
Ϊ˵õɽ鱦ݿ澹ȻݺȻ֣ҳ־ǷϲʩչĿռֶΣ̼䣬һΪģԲʮĵط·ռһȥ
ͬʱݿŮڣΧ֮е˶ܵһǰδеѹһסǵжһ߷ĽǼѹ
þĿռ䷨ݺȻ˵㲻ҪŮһҪͽܣʲô󷨣Ǹ˰ɣ
һǵȻ˵䣬һӣɷ֮ͬʱŷǬ֮һǬʩչֱӻƿռ䣬ǿռֻصԭĿռڡ

ݿ滹׼ʩչֶΣ˭֪û֣ͱƿռ䣬ɵóһһȻ޽ɽ鱦ܣԳԾԾҪ޽뷨͸Ũˡ
鱦ҲУݿ֮ȡ
ݿһƾճһͨڵĹȡһռٴγ֣ұȷŸ񱩡Ϣɼһ鱦
һ鱦Ѿ٣ֻз񼶲ע⣬׼ֶεʱȴһ㶣Ϊݿ֮ȵ鱦Ϊ鱦ϸоݿһϢ
Ҫ֪ӵ޽ӵҲֻɽУ鱦һɽٵͬ죬鱦ԴմȾϢݿ֮ȵ鱦ȻմȾݿϢûжɽ٣Ǿ˵鱦ȻԼƵġ
Ҫ֪Ѱ£ֻҪзΪ鱦ֻһ鱦Ҫɾͣѵľʱ佫Ǳֹ£ûԸķ᱾ĩȥ鱦
ݿȴǻԵɺ֮µһƳһ鱦ڶ޵£ôһ鱦Ҳǽܴﵽɽˮ׼
ֻƽ鱦ӲʹΪ˶һǿ鱦Ҳϧһˣտսþʩչ˼ȻҪսپɱ˶ᱦҹζࡣ
һȻ֪ݿݿ֮EĹϵԾҲͷһˣһ̣ͷðһ˿õԤУͬʱݿһ뷨Ҫսپҹζֻ࣬һεĶȴǵһ
Ȼ֣һͲˮֽСˣŻһݿݿ档
ٸһѡĻᣡ
СӲ
ܺãɣ
̵Ľ̸̸Ҳ㲻ϣݿݿ֮Eһռ䣬ޱѹһɱһһֳֽһԼóĽʩչҲӭȥ
һ־ͬʱȿռ䣬ݿ淢ӱһҲ˿ûм
̶ʮغϣݿ淢ԼΪĿռ䷨֮һ֮¸ͺôһÿÿһ־æֵܵס
ݿ潥оɵ뵽ԼһĴ⣬Ϊ޽Ĳ²ʡ
һȴɻĻᣬ޽֮пռ䷨ɢֱӱӶᵽ޽С
ʱޱȵһʽг֣â˲ƽݿ棬û취ֵͷһݣݿΪ˱òݿ֮EӲ޽ķâ

һ޽ϷϲҲƵĳݿ֮EһƬ鱦ȼͲͬټ޽ǹѣݿ֮EǸʩһײݿ֮EֻгԿ
һû֣ݿԪס½һҪԻƷһȴҲݿ汾᧿Σķ֧顣
һǰһٴһնݿҧгݣòٴδ߶ݿ֮Eֵڶνֻо಻ɶϾ
ʲô
ݿͷɣʱһֱŶֻһȭͷǰ
ѵ
ݿһͷ͸о˲ը飬Ǹȭͷ谭ĸһֱӺϡ

ݿɵʿȻΪ˵ãȴֻһ㣬Ϊ˵ֿ׽ٶһһȭ¾Ҫ飬ˣɽٸҲ˷һĲҽС
ˣ
һһЦӽƿգ˴ԭռ䣬ͬʱһӣâֱɨݿͷ˵ֻҪһܽɽٸֵɱ
ôɷˣ
㵽ʲôˣ㲻鱦ԪȻǿ󣡡ݿĿһһ𰸡
ߣ˵ϻӡֱӽɿܡһһĵȻ
⻰ݿͬй򣬱׼ǿӲһ£վûмǰǸ߰ͷ­


һ 
Դˮĸ֮ǺһƬԭפڣˮĸһʮǰһͬȻٴγ֣㽵ͬʥأڼɵȴͬͷϴʯ
һգǺǺƣΣǲϼ߰ƬޱߵϢǺΧסһַ·췭ĺһƬһɱֻ֮ǺϿյɢơ
֪һĵ죬ΪǺĺƣηɿ쳯м䱼ȥʱſЩ֮ǸʽʿħȫҸһӣгţơ
ǺһǧһˣһǧﻹǿһˡһֱǺλãƬϢ
߷ͬʱͣǵȴʲôʱһ𣬷·սĴ߶ͬˮһӰΪķӿ֣֮࣬߷һ࣬߷ȴԵٵĿˡ
˫սһʱһȴˣȻҴˮĸأ
һ䣬һ޴ĹӰϿգıǸʽģһ˿˿ѪϢƮɢʱ߷ʵ֮׷ײҽʹƬ֮ȻˮԼͬɱȥ
һ˲䣬ǽˮĸͷӾ˹Ȼ˵ٷ֮һûУմȥΧˮĸ־ͻ᲻ơ
ʱһХ߷֮иһ⻪ǻħƣǻʹԼһͷԡϢϣʱָٴγȥ
һʱ̣˫ˮĸȲõ󷨼ӳ֣е֮ʱȡϷ磬߷ƾǰڳģһսӳһתֱ¡
ڴʱˮĸ֮УһСѾͷģڱϣ·վʮ֣һݱ𵱳һȥǿ
ֻʱڳڶжǽ֮ɫԭĺɫЩÿһֵ񶫺˴֮гˣΧǺΧ빬ˡ
ȻСŮģһλѾȫɣӻرС¶һ˿߸һϰˣȻҪˮĸͷ㣬ƾһνǾո罫ļƻҲá
⻰Ϲǰ²ɣˮĸȻʮϢߴǲһ֣ǾʹӲƴ¼ʤҲǲʤһ̫Ϲƻûкôзѽ
˻һʱúüֱʾͬ⡣Ψͬ˵ӲӲģһʱ֮䣬Ͽʼ
üһأһлû
һ˵Ĳ󣬵䵭ͬ˪Żڳµڶֶʱͣһ㶵Ŀһۣ׷׹ݸߺ빬ᡣ
⻰ǿĵ˵ͷûһʮΪͬߣڿˮĸĹҲ֪ˮĸչٶ̫죬˵һϰ֮⣬˲ֳǰԼʵǿ¸ѹƲס
һߴΧ״Ҳţû뵽ô졣ڳԾͬʱҲһλᡣ
Ȼ׼ֶγɹҲпʹöԪˣļƻ֮УÿԽ˶һͬĵĶԵڻңͬĵԽ˵õܴĳɳֻҪһ飬СһҲȰΣĺЩ
Կ·Щ˸˼Ȼ֪ȴ˵򵥵ķԸ˼䣬˴ӵֿ֮Լһ˾ͳˮĸȥ
ˮĸȻͨİ֮ǴͨＸ䣬Ȼƺڸͨ˵ʲô˫ֺʮһһתһͨϴȥֻͨһûжЩɥ
׼ʹ˷ٴνֶʩչһεƱ𷽲ŸǿͨϣûзӦԴϰݣһһΣǿĲǵһ֣ȴܿɢ
ҾͲţͲҵĻˮͳ󷨣
ȣڵΪһӡ͵غͨϡһǺ˱仯ҲС󣬶һ⻪𣬽
һĻһ˿ЦݣһŰɣһסˮĸСʦһȥˣһҪúñչ˼С
˵ЦһһȡöСһĶ˵࣬һʧԭء


һ ˮĸΧ
֮⣬ˮĸߴĵսݱȻĲ֮£ˮĸϲ㿪ʼͶ룬սʱסߴֵļ룬ٴλָľ档
ʱһХˮĸһˮ𣬴ޱƾͳ͵һƬѹѹʵɱȥ
ˮ£ԪӤһΪֵסһԪӤ˼ҲҪȥˡΨкֵܹҲ᧿Σ
ԽƬ̣ˮ֮ǺѹѹһƬ͵˲٣ˮĸһʱ˴Ϣһߺ޵СͳѹѹǱȥ
һˮ֪Լóֵʱһ־һ֣һԨһֲ
ֲûгãҪڶγֵʱһХǺѹѹ֮дһͷģʿŹȱ˳
ͷǶ˴֮һԨ˺Ԩϡߴֱݿġ˵ġƽѨɺ˵ġġȺаġ׳ǡ̫ɢ˵ġԼϷ򸾵ġɽȺ
һαǰ˴һͬ򡣵ݿǱ߸еԾΪǰȥųźžԮȴߴΪˮĸ飬׼õư˹бܿ˶˼ԨȥһȺ֣Ǻˮĸ
߷ȷ뿪ǰһֻ̽ʱڻͨһ֮ȻǾΪȥ
˭֪ɲɣȻսµı仯Ľڹϳ֡ʱˮĸʿ˵úԨϴĺԨ˲Сʧ
ԺԨһ֣ͺɫ͸ѿҪʩ̵סһͻӶȴ˹
ЦһΪȻԷֶСһӣǰĵ֡
Ԩϼͻأ֣һ־ͶԼһɱͷټԷֻǷСѾͷСһöӣӶŹȾҪȥ
ոС裬һȻĪܵʹӹϴħͬޣΪӲҲ㱻һϸһǿָֻͷСʲôӣȻһ档
ǣˮĸˮĸƳɵϷ鱦ǿĴڣ
Ԩϴţ֮͸ųԾͻϲ··ͻȻһɽǰȻŵȴ뽫֮ؼҵĸо
״һЦһһöˮĸٴγԨ˹ȥ
˵һöˮĸԨǾϲ֮УϲĻڶöˮĸĳǳԾˡ
Ȼǰһεľ裬ˮĸּĹûֿ̫һرҲƣɸӲƴһǣѪջء
ֶβ¾ͽˮĸеܹöˮĸˣͬһ㣬ֻӲԨϴֻм֮ûл֮
֮⣬ȥɱ桮ԨʿƬвˣһֶ֮¡
Ԩϼ״ȻģҲԼʧֵסһ˫ˮĸеٲ֣ݹѶˣ
һдȻЧһݹ𣬷׷׳߷˹һȺɣħҲŮ٣ɽټ֡
˷˹ֱӳϡҲԤϣջضԸСֶΣֽһöˮĸʩչ
һˮĸٲССģ˳۱仯ԭͳɽٸײȥȻͣҲȻһܽӴ׷Ѿַɢȥٿʱȴ粻Ӱ

һдǺԨϡֻһͨӿֱֱ֮¡ڳжɽٸֶһΪǶϳǶɽ鱦ġһ˾ȻСѾͷУӾǱ˹
˵ˮĸһ鱦ΪѾɽ磬ѵȻûߣɣ
ûһˣ˸ֲʹ÷鱦ֻжɽ鱦ʺʹáñññˣҰһ£ҲԶһѽ
е߾֮Ҫˣ

һʶһȺɽٸΪͨķʱ˷һ˼Ѫһ㳯ȥǺԨû˹
ϲֳһ˿ƤЦݣСһӣһͷһͷСͬ׶һͨ͵ľͳԨϺȥ


һ Ժͨ
ʮʱ䣬ΪﵽڣͨĿҲѾﵽǷ켫ĵزټʹָ۵ˮĸʵ֮ǿȵһսѪħҪǿһ֡
ұССĸͷʹֶȴһǴıʩչֱһдڣ֮ռ飬ЧֻܶӲ
ڳԹСĿͷ֮ɽٸ֣ٲҽֻʩչֶԶԶܿһǣĹһĥֻԪĴһٻɱʱᱦǾһˡ
ֻСС·޾һ·ɱǵûаԽǿΪǿ޿ƥеİ˶ò˱ܼ֡
УԾĶɽٸһСѾͷȻ׷Ķأˮĸƴ񣬶ߴưԼ˫ʵ಻СһʱҲϷսһʲô
ȴ˵ս⣬Ҳæµһˡͷǵһİɣ󣬹ˡǵרһΪֻǱոĸսв㣬óЩ˺档
ΪͣҲǽˡڳ֮УȻͷ·ٴһööѶ򣬲ҷԸʲô
ϣǳ򣬿ԼٵҩһԷɣҪ֤ӦдҲҪסһõһԷǻҩ㹻ˣܹס
һ˲䣬ϰ´ȥ㹩ӦֱλȨأͬʱҲ֪뷨ȻϺõʱִг
סЩˮĸĹˣĥЩǲˣһЩĲˡ˵˲ʱгɰǧ˱ȻҲͬ˼
ǰ˵׺ݵĺڹԸ⣬ȴ˹ܹõ⣬һĶ£֪һǵҲģȫȫرˡ
ʱһȴһѪȵĺֳеѪϴ鵤Ϊʲôǲ²
ô˽ȫΪ߲ԪӤ˶Χȥס׼ĵ˿
˼״Ȼŭȴֻŭһ״Ƴһ۵󷽵˲๣ǰ߸漱ٸϻأѵҪһս֮ô
˻һħɫ΢Ҫ˻أ˭֪ʱһ˴˽ȵҷˣˮĸһҵģǳħѪϴ¥ˣǸ˴ԼֻҪˮĸԷȡɺôѽ
һȴ˴ˮĸڸ˼йڡһʱ֮ˮĸԺȺħ֮£᧿Σ
ɽٴսͨӦ֪С΢΢һ䣬Ϲͣһͣ
ɽ֮У̫ɢЦˮĸҿ㲻ǿСѾͷ¶ܲס췴Ժҿô졣
СãȻˮĸУϾʱ̫̣ܼԦһ˸𣬲һʹãҾ㣡ɺҲæ
˶˿ڣҲ׷Ȱ˵һʱ֮䣬ô˵컨׹·һнǲõѡһ
ȻСŮǱǣϲ˿Գ飬ڲϲˣˣֱʯȻ·Ȱ˵ǵӦ¶һ˿Ц
ЩΪʤˮĸҸǣǴشˡȻ٣Ը⼸ϣõ֣ҾǼʶʶʲôˮĸУʲôͨʱʱ
˵䣬һƴˮĸһͨӵӰ𣬷·صһǰһ㡣
ǣʲô鱦ôͨ鱦Ƕɽ鱦ѵǡ˵еɼ鱦
ôܣɼ鱦ͬˣǷȫ˸ǿôܻ䣬ƿշȥ
ѽӦòģƣϢѰ鱦ܱѽ
£ɼ鱦ΣˮĸܹƣͰħͷնɱҲòűȷ˵СѾͷȻܹǿѾСˣǺɱɼ鱦Ƕˡ
⻰˶ȥֻ֮һκ黬䡣ôûһģոջͨѾԳƣ֮ࡣһʱ䣬бͨסĶɽٸ֣˵Ĵ㡣


һ 
ǰһȺ̰Ķɽٸ֣ǹһ˿Ц촽΢·ʲôͬʱͨӰһֻ⻪ע档
ߴɽٸֲŴ̰֮ѹȻһʱ֮䶼ʲôȻǲˡԾ򵥵Э֮߼ٴκ߸ɱȥ
״һЦʮָ˵㣬ڣһȻЩûͨǰΰÿһ϶µͨϢһֲµΰ
һҽдԼ͵ĹȺУһһĹߣָһƽѨ弶֡ڹ֮£ֵ֮ûоͱֱŴһѪӣһǿˡ
һˣܿеڶЩͬԣֱܹѾ͵ˣһԪӤԪӤ嶼ҪˡЩˮĸ췴ļ֧ء
ˮĸÿһ㶼Ĺ֣ߺɨ̽Щɱӵһ㵽ھŲˮĸһʱ֮䷴Ѻɱ֮ٴ롣ڷŻΣֵĺڣʱҲ徲
˼δܿڴͶ빤֮Уİ£ǵû׼𷽲Ÿӳ֡
ȹ̣ǰйɱУΪͽԵ᧿ΣˮĸȻأȻ漣ٴͦסһνѡ
߷ɽٸж𺳣ΪⶫȻûмȴҲʮǰˮĸĻֻԵһսһ˵ǻٻӷǿ
ѽ⻤˵ܹɱĶôѽ
ɶǾʹȥǾ㹥ˮĸҲֻܳΪ˾˵½ϵħǱѽ
ѵһξҪ;ϲɣǲһˮĸպǳͣҲһѽ
ˣ⻤Ȼɼ鱦֧ţСѾͷͿƲˣֻҪǽնɱɼ鱦ȫǵģʱ˸½һʵˣ
ԣܻͷˣץסСѾͷǾǶףܳΪףشҲʱȹһ٣ң
һɼ鱦һڶɽٸмǿ־ĶҲ̰Ķ󣬵û·ʱѡľǱˮһսĵ̰ʶ۷׷ףһȺɽٸ¶֡
һ֮󣬲ûǰһ͹ǷֳסˮĸĶ֮С
ɽٸֵļ룬ԭֵսֺܿһߵһֱҳˮĸӵȷǰֵס׷˰ˡ
ɫҲһ䡣ֻǴʱڴ߶ֱͨɽٸֲסͳ鲻ֳֻܷһ˿ͨס񣬵Ҳ˰ˡ
СѾͷԳƹȻ¶סʲôʸ񵱹ҿ㻹λɣ̫ɢΧ֮һھʮҪӾϴġ
СѾͷ껹̫СʲôҺ׳ǵΣһúܹĴ
аҲǲμΧ֮һԹΪ֮ʱҪŮ˫ޣȡɽڣѰŮӶۣһ۾ͿǺ壬ʹ˹⣬ƽɣǺ˼ɵĳ
˶Χ֮ˡɽȺϷɫЩÿΪͬȴÿڣֻ֮֮
ȴ˵ħͷԴƽʱҲͰˣʱļʱ򣬾⼱˼֡һֽһˮĸҲ˳ȥ
һ޶֮ѰһĻаɫ΢䣬ʮڻ̨ͤŵֵ
ͬһĹ֮гһ϶͵Ϯ̫ɢϢһԵȺ򣬼ôﲻ֣һݾͳķհ״
СѾͷɣ
̫ɢ˿ûϧ˼־»⣬һ繴оͳɱ˹ȥ
һɫףæͨҪֵֻһͨ쳹صĹ˲仯廨С͵س»ȥһ죬ֱӽ˳
ɹɫûаתΪһѾǲǽǽײͬʱоϷ򸾵ֶѾһΣֻ˻ˣҪ˿ȴǲˡ
˫֪һսת۵㼴ֵʱһ˿޵Ϣսϡеһ˿Ϣɫѿʱչһ˿Цա


һһ ϵ
ǵ
Ӧһ˿Ϣϻѣһ˲ʹ£ǼƷǷˮĸɵСѾͷڲϷ򸾵ĻɱĹ
ϷȻҲӦһ˿ϢЩ֣ȴҲŹǧѷĺûᣬһ񣬸ʹֶΣǰԳһɫذף˸ѪȵĹâɱȥ
ʱǣһȫ֣һ׼˵һǵλˮĸУ鱦ҲҪһĽڳˣˮĸһ߷ط
ۼѪԽԽûзһҾҪֵʱһͻأĳΧֻ죬һ赭дһһ̣Ϸ򸾺߶ذ׾ȻƫӹԳдȥ
һĻ˶㶵˵һд˭ȻֵܹϷ򸾵ذ
һﺰڳɽٸ˲佫ʶɢ̽鵽ǽڵĵطͬʱԭһϸ΢Ŀռѷ죬ǽǴӿռѷ֮зɳڿ֮˿»ڿռһͷ
ɺˣ⵽ô£㲻˵ֻҪʲôưŽ󣬾ͿԸ֮УȫԸˮĸôƢΪֲ꣬ԣ̾ͶԲ󷨵ɺ˴
ɺԣɫ΢䣬Ҳ󷨴ʦΪֶҲ˵á沼õġŽ󡯲óռ󷨣ͬʱаɽٸ벼ãʮǿ
˵ŽܹǺռʵռ仹նڶɽٸֶʹÿռֶδ룬ӲȻһЩҲ֪ܲϢ֮ͳ
˶ڵɺ˵Ľͣûа취͵ʱһЦǽڴֻԭһϸ΢ѷ죬·ƣһʮɵѷ졣һ˳
ˣɽٸͷͬʱӿһ˿ΣյĸоͬʱѾ˲սϣһͳȥ
һ׼ͨݿһսϤֶΣ˭֪ͷõԤʩչǿֶγ׽ݿոѯ֮£ŵ֪ԭݿѾǰȥϢͳʲô
ֶΣȻռ䷨ûȴƾ޽˺ƿռ˭֪Ž󡯵ķ˲ʱ䡣֮£ֱӽ˼Ԩߵڶֻأͨ޽򡯺޽˺ƿռǰͷһ
һֳֽһֱһǺͰĿһתڳڶɽٸ֣ȴ
һƿնĳڳɽٸ½һֻкڵϢһʱ֮ͷǲɷ׷ףΪһȻʲôرܲƿն
ֻǲɹɣȴҲмּɵҲ׳֣ٱһĿһʱסˡ
ŭһҰСӣΪƾʲôܹôٹٲͽɱ
һԣһЦĿ⽫ɨһۣ³Է˼³çҳͷֻզûǰһ˿ϢţȻǴ̽뷨
ɼ޳ɶɽڵħͷûһǼ򵥵֮Ǹ֮ǲ̬ͨġ
һΪˮĸΧͷѾ۵ĻϸʲôίߣһתͷԵõȽЩļһʰ˰ɣ
ԣͷһЦ˿ûлһǷܹԸЩˣЩ˵ڵʱǶ۸ҪΪЩѽ
һأ⽿Ļȴ˼֣ݸһЦ˵ͷתͷڸ֡
һɨӣһĿϣ˵Ȼʹ㿪ʼɣ
һ㶣˵ķŭ̽Ļһһ仰ŭˡݺᶫ꣬û˸Ҷ˵⻰һڵСΪƾ͸ŵĶ˵
˵̽뷨һѾһɱ֮УѪ˫һ˿׹⣬һЦҪ˵ʲôһЦݾ˲̣ԭĻͻһ
ԭʱһѾͲסȻϹ򣬲˵ѾȻָ֣˽һһֱɱ


һһһ ɨϣ
һֽɱɫ䣬ֻǾ£ǷŭΪһһֱǳûǽûʰһһҲ̧ͷ
Ӹ
ʨӲãྡȫȻҪɱһû֣һʮ˫һ𣬸һǵ˫е˳һű°׹С
ƾһ˫ǵ֪ƴɱ˶ˣֻգⱦȴҲ޷Ϊ⡣
ֻٵϣͬڵһһ˫°׹л֮ųһȥһһһȻȴûʲôơ˲䣬˫еײһһڳ˾զĳ֡
ֻ˫кͳͬʱӹһҲȻװ׵нӣûһϢײ죬·֮һӰȻüȴһ
ڶ˽һ̣һĽⲻͣȴפ£뷽ŵķŭͬǲ;ȣǴ㵣ȫǾ֡
˶֪ʲôʱ򣬡ᡭᡯһϸ΢ϹǼףйлĴзֿžડһ׽ҿ
һ紵˶ͷһ䣬ΪĿ֮УһһնеĹȻûɱȴɱ˻𺳡
ܣбĳֻǵĳ鶯ȴ¶Լľ֡
һһ˵룬ǿǻЩôƾһιˮĸһٴˡ˵ţһܣжɽٸֶУ˼Ȼ˵Щһˡ
ʵǿİ˿ڵ㵽˭ˣղˮĸ飬кθϵǻȥݹǲ壬Ⱥ֮ˡ
˭һЦҡҡͷǿЦˮĸȴһˮĸ˭
˻һڸַ׷ת˼ðŽɺ˽ˮĸĸףѵ˵ν̫ϹҲ½ڵͽһɣ
һû뵽ԷԼԭҲҲںˣ˵ͷɺ˰ɣҾһϢͨȻ֪ҵıݣֻǿϧ֪ͨĴڣȻˮĸѵɣ
һһˡֶΣʵȻɱˣҲһ⾳͸ȥ
һʱʬɽѪ߹նɱֵĻɱ⣬ɺȥ״Ķɽٸŵɫһףÿֲɱ˶ˣҸоֵͬѵ˵ɱɽٸ֡
һɱһֻǶ򷢳˲ûиоҲֻ֪ǰϷĻаɵⲻܣһȻ˵ãʮǰҲƾ˱һս̶ʮܴ꣬ﵽ˾磬㵽˭ˣٲ˵ǾͲˡ
һһЦʲôʱֵ㲻ҪҲ˵Ĳ
аһͣʱһԽͺͷղŻռˣҺúýѵ
һ֪ŵ⻰ʱͬ۵ŭһ㣬аеһɱ⣺ãܺã˻ûкǣҾ;֮ɣ
⻰뵽аɫ䣬еλѣɱС˵䣬Ȼݵĵȳ֡
а־һᦣ֮ԡһҲжɽٸֻ֮ǰ˴֮еûжɺҲСĸں档
һڸɱǹһ˿ЦһӣǬɷ֮ȻʩչƽѪ޵Ǭһ
һһȻתΪʵ߲˵ƽɷ֮ҲˮǴߡʩչǬһȻͬƥȴܹػһɱֻʮ赲ˣҪһֱɱаȥ
а֪һһΪżˣȻ㲻ܽһҲܽˡ˭֪ոɱ·ŷָͱ赲ǰع˲䣬һ̺ǬĽֱɱ
Ȼ֧ܽסԿóһƣаΪɽٸ֣֪ս٣ԾǾʧܡ
򳻯죡
һа㲻Ҳ˽͵ʩչһҡ˴ᦣһɫߵĹﳯһȥ


һһ ɨȫ£
һഫУһ۱㿴аȻټޣҲ֮֮һְ˰Ĵڡ
ִϹʱĻɫ񴫳жϾ£ȻСֻѰУһ
ʲô򳣬֮ΣǬһһƶԷ޵ĸףһһһն¡
ᡯһа򳡯˵ֵʮ֮һ֮Ǿ޴Ҳβס޽Ľ⣬նһ·ȥ
һʹáĸвǾ޴ĳҲֵסһ֮ͱʥٿ

һҽдǾ޴ޱȵĳոձٵһͺȻը飬һӰ׷ɳǷŵĻа˭ˡֻ뷽ŵаһϢӴĿһ˫ܿտյѪʣȻǷһͱն˫֡
ӵÿ죬㻹ӶٴΣһǵˣŤתٴγаɱ˹ȥ
飡һߺ赲һǰ
һƳһۣһԭˣһһߣȻͬȴһУصĺ
ɫһ䣬Ҫװû˵ʲôһᣬһӽ޳ˡæĶֵ˭֪һԶľֱϣûзӦɶȥ
һΣһƷһƹһɰˡһ޵еѾӡڳͷ
ӽаնȥʱѾ˴Ļаһߵֵһߴеѽ
ʱʱԽԼĸ֣аڵΪɽٸָ߹ͷ­ֻ֪߹ͷ­һѾն˲ֹһţ֪ǣڵϷʱѾΪԼ֣չʱ
һһǽޣһаģһͬӹһзֽͬƬһ㣬˲乥ƣһֱָаüġ
һаоΥ˵ҪֵֵסҪҲܲˣҪͬھ첻ֻŽ̹һеһжʧ
һӹаһһˣ̨֮յҶϣΪһϹЮߵӰ
Ƭ֮ڳ˲Żŷֳ۳ҶĻаˣʮֳףһûһֿ־ʵʵĸоͷ
˵Ʈоͬһȴо״̬ʮֺáת֮һ㳩ɱɱľǶɽٸ֣ȻǽͣĸоҲʮ泩
ǲҪ𣡡תͷ򷽲űһɵİˣһɱδȻҪշˣҲκһʱը
еĸһ潻ˣȴһĿֲһȻûֶ̫ΣˣǼϽ仯ԪĶ·ľͲֻǻаһˡ
ɱ˾ɱˣȻͬһţ໥ðˣҲ̸ʲôꡣʩչֶɱӦҲˣѷȥ֮һһĽæ˵
ܸʲôһ˫΢Уܼ򵥣ͲûȥˣֱӰˮĸĽǣҲһ
ʲôҪǰˮĸֱ̲ǣʣĶɽٸ⻰ɫÿһһ¶֮ɫ
̲һһЦǷҪô˵ҲǲԣˮĸǶɳϷǵ汲ûٵɣˮĸؿǷǵع飬ǰѵռɣѵù鸽ô
˻һڳɫÿ֮ԹˮĸԭһˮĸǶͳĺСˣʱǿһ̶ȣٴǶǲò鸽Ϊֹ֣ǲžΪǿ
ֻû뵽ǧƣıݿնˮĸж¼ϸͽȴ·ɱһȴмƻƻڽ鷢չһˡ
ѣǹˮĸвԣǾʹ˹鸽δǿѡչʾʵȻԶҵȣҲûһƵĻᣬԲ˫һӴ֮ҵٲˮĸ徲ֻҪһǰΣ
˵֮ϷеɷС˫޵¡ӨͬǶɽٸ֣Ȼ˫޶ս㣬޶˺ȴǿԴʱ˵˵뷨


һһ ׽鱦
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һǹһ˿ЦһˣнԼʿı˽ĸûôĻ룬ڵˣֻ֪ǿʵѹԵ·ʲôģֱ
Ȼ˳ǾͲɱһᣬһʱһ챬ǻؼʱ̱ʱڶˡ
Ϸ򸾵һ붼룬ҡҡͷˮĸ֮ǰ˵⻰ҲУȴˣǰ˵ͶˮĸһýֶסǡȻ취ǻѡƴףֻƴһǣǵĵ£ˡ
һ赭д˵ǿӲĻŻϣڶɽٸҲ֪һǼᶨܹ˵ͨġ֮䣬ǽʶܿʹ˹ͬ˵Э顣
ȷ룬ٿһʱһж¶׹Ȼǲ׼һҪӲһˡ
ʱһХԶݹ䵽ǰȻѾ鸽һݿ档
ڸһݿΪһҪæٻûǿڣһĻǵ°͵ĳˡ
ֻݿСڵķֳһһʹڣˣСѾʵԼݿǰݣ
һԣ¶һ˿Цݣһ䡮ٿɼֵĶɽٸ֣˼ȷ
ڸֶ㵲ѣа˶ݿʵݿ϶Ҳжĸ֣ҲӪǧ꣬ôøˣ
⻰ݿ¶һ˿Цûж˵ʲôֻ̾һڵһ䡮λΪ֮㲻ٶ˵
˸һһһɽٸֵİǷŵļƻɹֽͼ֣ɵó
һ״Ҳߴ٣˫ԼĪʱ䣬ǿ׼֣һɫĻа֮⣬ʣɽٸͬʱʩչǿֶγһȥ
ܹɽ٣ûĸҳԶɽ٣ʵ֮ǿҲǷǷˡ߸ͬʱ֣ڲϧԪѪ֮ǿҲզ࣬һҲС˼СĶԸ
˳Ծǣɽٸַųһ֮ȻͷβĵͷߣҲһȴ˷ķɱȥģ޶
ߵĹԼߵɽٸ֣ǹһ˿Цһ̤ڳС
ָֺֻڰ׶ɫ֣֮鶯ңѸ٣ߵ֮У˵ĸоڵֵ潣һ㡣
˶ԾһԵֶεʱһ죬ӣ˷ųġΡͷݻΣ̫˷ųġ»繴Ҳ飬ٺġŽ񡯡
һӶһ飬𣬼ûһֶܹԸϷ򸾺һʱѪӰǺƴĹ֮г΢Ծüͷһ
þģùϣȻ鱦ҪֻҪˣǾӵõôޱˣϹ£֣
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һȣ˺͹¸Ũնɱ˲ħŸ֣ҽת׳Ϊ̫̫֮˵Եʡ
ΪɽٵĹУҲ֮ϴˢȻȲɽ٣ѾгѱϢɽ鱦ˡ
һһȡڷֻһֳֽһһץͨϼУٷһǣͻһ˫߲ʾֳһ˫Ӱ˫ذץȥ
˫ذϷ򸾹ɱһų֮ͳӡһץûõ˼һͷײϼ֮С
ò˵˫ذѵõɱ֮֮ǿǹ½⣬˲ϼȫֵͷһײײɢֻ˿˿Ʋơ
һϲһЦŵһϵΨҶ𣡡һһö״ķĴ빦½˲ϼͳ˫ذȥ
һöǷʮ֮ͨһġ౦ľ걸Ͱ뵱һвĴֲڲͬ
⼸ʱñԴߣڶŸ֣ɽٷʦҹΪʩһͨѾڴɣձһ֮γɱͨչ¶ʮͨıʵν


һһ λ
ͨȻǿ󣬵ɼҷħħǰڶ࣬ΪֲÿһͨвͬϷ
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ϴͨܲͨʹ÷šһ鱦ֶһǰһ²֮ͨ£ͻ
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Խ࣬ʵԽǿһԽ֪գȻη壬ܴﵽս֮ĿģҲԽĲ֡ҲˣֿһֶͨΡ
֪һԼǼ򵥣ֲڣһѾе괴λһֹ䱦ֶεĳΡ
ν߱һˢƾ򷨡ǵλŵĴܷܴ֮򱦵дգ˵ֻҪԲһĶ־ͲܱסֶͬҪĶԸ۷ռˡ
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սʤˮĸһսܵߴûһ˸ҶֻǾĵţȴǷһսĽԼֹ
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һȺ·ɱһȺ⺷ͷ©һģΪʲôһ̣ΪǾ׻ɮµĸֳһݵʱڳݿ⣬һ
ϣҵҲѵ־׽ãϷԸ
Ϊ֮Ǻħͺ췢棬ˡ֮ʵū͡һƷ鵤ҷһɽٵľ飬ʵ֮ϣٽ£ȹٽһơ
һͷһá־ǽѵߴַųȻֻڸ²á޽򡯻⣬һ̣⻪һ߸ЮӰ˳ǷܵĶɽٸ˭ˡ
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֮ǿޱȵĴͻûﻹֵסܿ־ܡ
ڽ֮ǻ뵽˭˽׽ãټȴԼȴص˸ղŲѵĵطһǹ𼥷ЦݣԼһԹޱȵһǶʱô
˵ֻѡڻˣ˵ɣѡʲô滹ҶԳȫǣµĶɽٸֻûдﵽλ˲ʶ࣬Ҳʹˡ


һһ շ
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ħ۵͹鸽һħŶɽٸ໥֮ʹһɫĶתħһ˳
һȺɽٸ־ͱסħʱеԺо㵣־壬ԥǻͷ
ʱŵķʦҲ໥˿ǵһֻѹ֮Ρ
⼸Ǽ֤һͻͽƵĽԼ̨֮ᱦҶؾʶͨ⣬̨ȵ𱦣ʱı䲻뷨ԭҪħЩͬ
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Ϊȡͬõĺôв֮ǰǰ㲻²ദĺûᣬ໥ʹһɫҲ߶ֶ
ءȡ䡢ˣ
ͬʱɽٷʦϴ߶뵱һֻħͬһɹĥ־ڸֶС
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Դ˵ų⣬⡣Ȼ˽ЩϣɻͱߴٵЧϾһֻҪû춯ֻҪԼ룬Ǹƽ⣬Ǹѹʡʱʡ
ȻڸֶͷѾԳ顣ٹһɫ԰ʮһһܵڳܲס
СǣԸ鸽̫Ϲݣ
һڣʱڳȻԼûʲôоֻߵһǰƺȴС
ãܺãȻԸ鸽Ǿͽ򿪣½ưɣ

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һһ ͷж
һԼϣԭһЦЩͽϸϾ¶һ˿⡣ֻҪ˾֣֮ӣһ֮⣬˶Ϊ䵭ҲϹʡ
Ȼ˵һ֮ǰˣЩĵˣԴҲ£û˭һ㡣¾Ȼ˹Ȼѣڵһ⡣Ҫ˵ǲܵġ
ֻһһ۾ϵ齻ôõĹȻ֪һĻᣬ˼һתʱ˾ϡ
֮ͶֻأȻ̫Ϲ˵ҪһǱͷǵˮĸūΪ߶ˮĸҲǴˣ
νūūͣūͬڡ޽йڶʿ֮ȶԣ޽ˮĸԹūʲôûƣֻҪеΪ˶ԸټһıǩǾ͸
Դ˻һǹһصͽϸһ¶Ǿǲʵɫ˸ߺ˾ȻվҪʲôƺҪʾ
ЩΪ߲񣬱˵һڴˣһ˶ܹʰȻˮĸľԸͲݱͬⲻͬ⡣
Сһʹˮĸһռ֮ųͷ͵һǼֵֶסͱȥˡ
һУתͷһ¶һ佱ı顣ԴһҲĿ֮ʣ֮󣬱㿪ʼ˻㱨һεʧ
ӣˣʵȵֻ㱨򱨸ġһƽˮĸһֽ϶࣬ǽһȺͽͼϸϣнĳɵġڸԴĲ٣ԼĪɳӰҪĻһ÷͵ҩ
һüͷ΢壬뵽ԼˮĸѾȻ޴ˣӦֻһܹͨӳ
ʱ洫ͨ˵ǰ뿪ɽٸ֣ԼһԼĻаһͬ鸽
Ϣˮĸ˲һ𣬶ʱһüĸоһҲ¶һ˿Цݣһ־ǽ
ڵԭ˴߲ݵһǰһ򵥵ĽˮĸĹ˵֮ǽԴȫ˴ɽٸסﻹںЩԴȻԹԽ˳
һ˦ƹֻǼ򵥵ķԸ˼䣬ͷͷˮĸ˽ЩٳȻΪ¹ʣԼ¶ɽ٣ǰȥæһʱ֮䣬ɿ⣬鹬ս֮ˮĸٵ־
Щ֮һҲţ˰˴ɽٳˮĸǺϣָָϡϡϡ˸λǽԵפطų
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һͳһöݸɺ˵ɺˣ󷨴ʦͽ죬ֻҪɣһʹ͡
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ˮĸһ˵չס£㲻ȵð֮СѾͷ֪һд׵ٴγ֡
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һΪȻֻǽתԪ֮Ũ񣬱ǶɽٺڸֶȲã̫Ͻоĸڷû˿ܳʲôе
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йͣй򷣣һͷ֮£ˮĸ˲ǻ裬ҲʼͶµĻսˮĸٴԳ֮ࡣ


һһ Ϣߴ
ˮĸһ֮Уһ֮ϣʲô·һȺˣƣСףƷƵλǰΪֲжɽٸ֣ڡ
ʱľһзɳ˶СÿÿʱлȻϢ𣬷·ڳؿ˼״ĽܿͶ֮ȥˡ
ҹһͣһ֣ʾȥ˲Ϻò׵Ļʹ˽ֲΥһֻȥˡ
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ʮǰȣˮĸֵ޼еȴݬΪ˽ˮĸʮǰǰ㺽ĸĴڣһⶨ˷İַ롣
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ȻΪ̫ϹһҲûţֻת֮һ۵ʱڣʱչͻѾûʲôôֻܿˮĥһۡ
ƽվ󷨣ͨһͻ֮£ѧϹŴܣ̳ǰһԼ¹֪£һ־һΪʦ֡
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Ҫ֪ˣ̰Īڳ˵һ̳Ȼܹʹ˿˵Ͳ
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Ȼ䡯̫أһûŪ״ڣȴʦ֣ȻȱٷʲôģѡһһϾնȴ˾Լ±׫֮Ž
ҲԭֻгεΪ˭֪𷨾ȻͻƣһﵽڣΪڵ֮ǰĵĴڡ
ӴˣһһٰµӴèСèһֻľ棬⣬ߴӡ


һһ 
½ȥһڶԼµӵ㲥Ҫһ㷵סòĲ˭֪ʱһӰ˽䵽һԵĽ
һһӰüͷһڵӣֻСףƷƣ̻ŮתͷǽĺӰףһδҴǰʲôϢ
ǺӰӽ߳Ǻħɣֻϴһ˿أһ˹ֵϣһشڿʼٶˣ
⻰ŮϻǳԾ˷ܣһǵĵ˵ͷüͷ΢壬·˼֮С
ԭʮ֮ǰ˰˷Χˮĸ֮º󣬱״˽⡣ʱ֪ɣħ⣬ӵصһʹ½ϵ˷롣
˵ҪˣȹһûΪԼˡ֪֮ûۏˮˮĸķâչͼ֮ȴʱ
Ȼչ鷢չҲûеӺϹӡûһʱǲһɽٸѲӶǱ½ػȡ鱨ֻ֮ǰʮʱ䣬ķַֺϺϣ½϶սһƬҲֵ徲
ħʹôһϢʱͷһ˿˻һ̾Ϣ֪ǰƽȥҵı꼴١
˺ͨħĻ㱨Խڵ˽⡣ԭǰ·ս֮УԼһңսֵĵص˾ȻϵͶ̣ǺԿɵ
˵صİʵħѹڽĿ⿴˴½ĵطбһƬ޼ʡ
ǻħڶطҲ˼ɡ̱Ϳｫһ־Ͷȡٽ½С
ʮ귢չͶˮĸЩСˮĸΪ۷۷ҿ̵̾ͷˮĸһȻĴڡ
Ҫ֪̾ԷչͽΪ׳ʽԽ˵ԽǺ¡Էˮĸ̾ʵѪȵɱ㣬˼һµ뷨ûУͳˮĸɱ˹
õǣһ׼˶ɽٸѲӶһǺħħ̵ɱ̵֪Ĺƾ˼򵥣̻һ
Щ㱨һ̾һΪܶмϢĻᣬȻ֣ˮĸЩа֪֪ɣ๬ֻҪΪٴң
ħԣɫһݣæֵһǡһʧԭءһתͷһŮһ߰ɣһ˾ʧԭء
Ƭ֮ˮĸ´Уˮĸ߲һ߾ϣһ򵥽֮㰲ÿÿ´һиֳǣȥʱ䣬ڳֻʣȼɽٸ֣ԼһŮ
鶼ŵĲˣǿҲڶʱ乥ˮĸǾȥһѰɣ
˵䣬һһ˿ܿټˣӣ߶޽򡯾ʹƿնȥ
޽ɽٸִ߶ռ䷨ǿޱȣһС磬˲κεطĴڣһһҲλĹλ֮һѾ½صĴڡ
Էֱ棬˵ǵӻǽʱˮĸͳһƬؽ硣뵱һƬؽƽ·ûյнҵӰ죬һ֪ƽֻʱģռһ磬ʱһ鶼ܴΪνͽʧȥҵĴڡ
Ȼһ˹˹ȻΪԵѳڣȴûб磬Ծͱ˵硣
һżطͨħĶɽٸ̵֣֪ĸţһشŴζͬʵҲ׶ԸһγѰѵڡ
ʱ磬ܹΪˮĸѣΪ̵ֵĴֻħ֮߸š
ȻħħŵĿûתܴħſʼȻΪڵĹڣɵҲΣһԪڣ貨ŶЩϵ飬׼һԪڿʼ
һԪΪϵĴڣɽֲѰ˸ҲһѰˡֻҪϻ˼ڶɽٸַͷȥңȻҵ
׼ôػһȦ̧ץһһһ⻪ֱɶ𣬳һɴܶȥ


һһ ٸɽ
вһûеڣʱ˵صϿһŰƯšΪܹ²֮ܿϾȻԼɼɽ¥̨˵һԪڵפڣɽ
Ϊ籾Դ֮صԿ׺͹ؼڣɽһ֣Ѱ߸ͷֲڣҾ㷢Ҳȥ걾Դ֮һУ֮ħȺҲΪһԪѹԵʰˡ
һգһӰͻأĳɽ֮⡣һɣͨԸӦԴ֮صڣɽǱԴ֮صڣȻҵɽʱƯʲôط
ΪҲﵽĦڣ󷨸ɵһۿȥֱܽӿɽɫ
˵ƾܹ󣬵ⱻһԪڵϹŶ֣ˣĵİĺã
⣬һҲ˽ӡõĶɽٸٻͬʱųĻСףƷƣŮԼӡ
˷վһʾ֮£췢ɽ⡣оԼҲҪЩЩľһܣȴ£ĶԪˮĸ̫ϹǰݻһԪλѣ
췢Ϊɽٸ֣Ƕ֮ѰȾܴǧﲻ˥ɽ£أȻ赲ħԪȴҲ赲ס֮Ȼɽƽƣһݹ䣬Ƭ֮󣬱һݹХ
ݹ󣬱һХ˭ǰɽǰ£ɼ徲ȥݹҵȲ
Էӣǰպ췢汾Ƣ˺˵ʱ˳һ֪꣬һӣҲֻǲǼ߲ԪӤΪֻѲɽСһĴڣһȣˮĸ̫ϹǰݻᣬһԪλѳһ
һûĹˣһħƿɾֳһȺѲɽӳϱ˾ߣ˭֪ħ߻أûع⻹Ǻ췢ûɱģټһֱӾܺǵԪԦ÷䵽ϣˤҲҪзϡ
⼸ѲɽĳϵӴħ֮תٿ췢棬Լһˣɫ䣬ڴͷǳϵİ֮һӷɿ췵ɽԪӤϵĴӲͷƤ˹
ǰǰһԪں£Ȼ췢һħ֮ǿһԪȲϣλϲΣҲһǰ
췢ԣЦһŲ˵ôѵҪ˵һ鲻ɣ
ԪӤϱʱ䣬⻰뵽ǴƵħҡͷ˹Ƶģæǰ飬ҵȲ֪ǰ٣ѾǲӻȥͨϾͻǰӴ
췢ԣһһԪһţû뵽ûˮĸ̫Ϲأ
ԪӤһ㶣˳ź췢⿴ȥ֮˻֮еһһֻЩ죬ٿһۣϤ࿴֮㵵ָһе㣬ԪӤսͽһ
Բǿ޵Ļ췢ħŶɽٸɫʱһ䣬ȵ󵨣
һȣǰвͬɽͬʱŭб־ֱӾ񣬻˵Ǻ壬ֵֶס˵ֻԪӤڵһԪڳϡ
ۼһҾҪһӸ߿մȻŭкͣƾճһһǳͬӶʧ췢˾Ҫ׽ˣȴһ
Īʦ֣ʦ㣬ˣ
һ䣬һһŮڰ֮⣬˶˲Īͷ˭ˡ
һĪֶΣһϵЦһ˵ͷʦܣڻˣ
һҲĽ飬ദҲǢ˫ûĪһ꣬Դ£һԴɵҲ˵
һѾһӲĳֻԼĵ˹ģ̫ҲһЦ֮ԼĪһЦݣͷһů΢΢һЦһˡ
Ȼʮʱ˵㳤һ磬ҲȻͬһѾһĪΪһԪڵĶ֮šһһ֮еȴһ㣬ûв
ʦܣҽȥɣأȻ˽鲻䣬ĪҲ˹¡
һԪŲǺΪҪӴһǲһҲĪΪѣʾ췢˲ض˵΢΢һЦ˵ͷĪɽȥ


һ Ϊϣ
ɽȻɽɽˮˮȴΪʵݣľѾͬν˷ǡ
뵽һΣɽԼڵϣﵽĸ߷壬Ҳ͹ȣǲƸеһҲЩ̾
һ·Ī·˽鲻ģ֮˾飬Ž˼ֳϴμһԪڵڡһԪһĪͬʱͣ˽ģһǰһһԪȥ
һԪڣɽһĴڣڵĻֺ룬һԪȴԵüֻ࣬һȴ֪Ŀܿĸֽƣ󷨶಻ȻҲʲô򵥵ĵط
ʦܣǱԼڣ˵ʦǰؿӭӡĪ¹Ľһ䡣
лʦ֣ȻˣСܾȴ֮ˣһ΢΢һЦûʲôȻͽһԪ
һԪУΪױһԪڵĪʦˡԱǵˣȻսǺڸ֣ıǸոսڵĪ
һԪӤս¼Ϊһսȴ˶֪޺׽鱩¶ҶΪֻƾ鱦ɽԼһ壬ڳһԪڵĺֶֻǺ沢¡
һ˼䣬ɨһܣֻǼ򵥵ĳ˹˹֣һ䡮ѡ
ڳһԪڶɫЩÿûзҲ˵ʲôĪվг֮ĩֻ۹۱ǱǹģģȻȾһֵꡣ
̶̵ֳƵƽ֮ڷѣŽˮĸǰݷã֪кҪ£
˳ƺԼѡûԱѹԼһ۸һ֣ܽĪͽܡ
һͶ֮ұ֮ˣԷڲ֪Ҳʵأ˵ͷǰ飬󷽺̵顣
أɵѾ֪һˮĸǰЩ϶Ϊȶ
˭֪һôʲǡǡҲǡֿǡ𡯣Ȼֻĸ֣˼ȴжȻĲͬһʱ䣬ڳһڴҲ̲סʶ˽
ԣüͷҲ΢΢һû̷߳һ䡮ôӡһ緽ŵƲϸڵѵ֪һԪѾɵˣɺжһԪҪ֣Ҳǲܵġ
һһ˿ƴ֮⣬⣬΢΢һЦҷģ˴ĳǰҪɵ˺ħˣҲǲԡ
Ҫɵ˺ħˣ˵˾һİӵĻһ⻰;Ѿǿˡ
ͬʱڳ֮Ҳۼϸ֮ˣһĺƷһڵţ»ȻѵΪˮĸͷһħĹϵôҰ²ɣδ̫쿪˰ɣ
⻰ҲƷƵݣʱ¶Ȼɫһʱ䣬УһͳһŮλˣнŮƽȣһʱ̲סһ˿
һҪ˭֪ƷȴѾ˳룬Ҳֹж
Ʒ߳һ󣬳ڳڳϿһ򸣣˵ĳϵλؾǶġһﳤϰɣ
ʸĺ֣һԪӤսͷŸԿڡƷҲΪͬ£һЦвգǲ֪λħŮкָ̡
ƷһЦﻹеħŮģ򸣣ūѸĹħŮᣬָ̲ҵֻǻﳤϽŵĻջȥˣ
һ㶣һһܲʵ̬վԭأϱӵأһЦǻǾʵˣѵóȻ±˵ߣΪԼ壬ƾ鱦ӮϷϷ򳷻ǰԲɣ
Ʒüһתͷһһۡһ״֪˼˵ͷƷƣһ㣡
Ʒԣɴ⣬תͷȻﳤϲϳǰԣǾˡūˡ˵䣬һ䣬ǧ˿ߴ׷ɳûоͲ
һִϿռɫ΢䣬һ˫־һʣһûе˿Ȼ˳
ƷƼ״ǹһ˿곣еħŮЦݣ˿籵ȿռ䣬ʱ򣬷һֻЩ˿˲ֱȻ֯һ޵롣


һһ ΪУ
֪˿һ鱦Σֻܹڲܣ˭֪ƷƾȻһȻıﵱ˿ʹãҪ
Ȼ֪СΪܹưԣʲô˿
һһԪٴγΧ߼Ȧ͵һš
ֻһ¸С޵һǧ˿Ȼһ͸ƺʱҪһ㡣
ҪԼ֮Լ̣֮ƷƲϲЦһʮָǱýµ˿ʼ΢΢źƷƵĵٶԽԽ죬ײֱӽ
״ɫһݣôܣ˿ȻͲʵ壬ֵܷܵ
ʱƷƺɻ󣬵ȴὫһڶɽٹзֳ׽֮Ϊ˿籣ʹ˿籽תΪʵ˵ֻ΢΢һЦ߳һƣ
ʮָһץһţ˿ͬʱһ٣͵ķһбըһ㣬Щ׷ը飬ϷҲƳؤװ
Ůң
ԸһСѵ¾ǣʮɹֻ˰˳ɲ˭֪Ūɷ׾ȻŪǱģʱȻŭҪ֡
˵˭Ů
һغƷûж֣һ˶ûиӦ£һɫӰǰͬʱֵĻһɫתذס
ɫӰСɣǵһθһ֡Сƽʱ뿪գ֣Ҳ˸Ӧԡڳûһ˸оĴڣֱŮּ֣ŸӦõֻѾˡ
źͷϼɫذףԼǰовС׸ɱһ˭ˣȻһԪڶ͵Ϯ
Сһذףһ˵Ʒԣһ˭˲Ҫ۸˺ãҲҡֻ˵͵Ϯ㲻أ
һ㡯С׻ںƷԣڶ㡯֣ٴγԣذ׶Ųӡ
һĻ˶סˣһϺ鱦ŮϢε鱦
뺰Ů뵽״λ̸˿ڡĿҲĲ˵ľ㵣鱦ģϢε鱦ҲУС׵ϡ
ڳκ˵ľ㵶Ȳһ仰û꣬ͱٴв˷ŭ֮⣬һĸоӿ֡
⻹͵ϮôС׵˵һ֮ˣ
ôһʣͷζӳɣΪ˵ǰûעʱ͵Ϯ͵ϮĻһζԷˣԼ͵Ϯǿ¾㲻͵Ϯˡ
λֶθ߳ĳ磡ΪҲΪʣ֮ԷŭΪԼûȫʩչС׵ĴɱֶΣڳ˲硣
ﳤϿɴӦջǰˣƷƲûΪСͷеˬֱӿѯʡ
ԣ˿һվڱϵһüͷһ壬ԥһ£ҡͷֶȷʵ߳޹ϵܹӮңҲķڷջǰԣǱɱҲջء
⻰С׺ͺƷƽһ񣬱Ƕͬһ䡰ȥɣһذףһޱ˿ͬʱɱȥ
һĻڳгɫ䣬ʱˣ˶һֻǾԮѾ
ۼһ峤ϾҪһлʱֻһģһͻأ֡һֻץסذףһֻס˿籡
СףƷƣ˴ˣǽģɱ˵ġ˵һֵȻҲ
СŮƷħŮԣ˵ϻ˭ĻԸǾֻһˡһڣջֶΣȻĻصһһлָ˸տʼİֻ֮ǰڣ𾪰ˡ
һƽӳλߵһСףƷǰ˹ֵʵǿĳĳϹۣûֶܿΣջǰԣ¡
һ˵ĿҺԷһʵҲ¶ˣ̬ҲˣȻὫ΢΢һЦͽ½ҹ
һأڳдϿһûһǸеɲ⣬ڶһоĵĪҲоԾڳΨһԾķǷƣǼһնɱֵġ
Ȼǰ½ҹ̸½⡣һٴν̵Ļ˵һ飬һ˲û̻ؾԥʱݹХһֱһԪһ˴ȵͽ


һ Ϊ£
䣬ݹѾһԪǰԳĿ˶ˣΪ׵ǵǰɽԳϣˣһſһһȴӹٵԽ
ſҲĪһ˺ڣɼ汾ԴҶõ˺ôΪһδٴ˻ԽŭȻһŭ
ͽû뵽㾹Ȼٴγ֣ɣǲ֪˵ԽȻ˫ȴҶǰһ˺ڳһԪڴϹֵһԪλѿɵ˷һ׽ôͽǲ͵
˻һɵ˵ñӸڳһԪڳ϶ЩԥǷһûչ¶ʵǻóȻãһʵǷѾԷͬȴھͲöˡ
һ֪һԪ˻ڶҡҲû˵仰͸һԪַĿԽһۣתͷ˵ĳҲǿˣѵһԪ׼˴Ͳɣ
ԣһ˿Ȼ˵ͷѴǿͣһԪɣ֮еģݳϣҵĶԹǷҪдΣ
Խԣɫһףǵõһĳҳ֡ʱһֱһԵ˾ͽȴǰһ
ʦܣʦÿ׷ȥˣ˾ͽ˾ȻǾٵʼѩ
һ֪ӺƷ֪˵ľᣬǰԵԼѾƷƳΪ˫޵£ѩȻߣҲȥһо͸Լ˽⡣
ʦҶȥֻһ㴥ĵطһὫȻģ
򵥵һ仰ȴһľġ˾ͽҲ΢ĵ˵ͷǾһԵ󻺻̧ͷһ˫ĿһֱֱĶһϡһ˾ͽƾһ飬նϡ
ʦܣνɣ
һԣһ㶣ȻȻǰһֱûпǣ˾ͽһֱδˣһѩͺƷƵԵڶǶͬɽһܳĵӣȴûбȹһν
һһ𣬽˵һ飬ɼһ˾ͽѾȴ鰮ᣬֻǵһʾ˽⣬ڶ£ȵľǶ˶
ãδ˾ͽʦֶȴ£ʦһǰԵɣ
˵䣬һûг޺׽ִ޽֮гһƷɽһ棬£һеԶʱӦһͬ
˾ͽ˵һжɽ鱦ƷԸԼüͷ΢塣Ҳʾʲôһһɱ˹
˾ͽһƼ򵥣ȴˡܽϽ⣬·֮һ֮֮ƣܹѹһУնһС
һô굶ɽ֮߳Ҳ࣬˾ͽ㴿⽣ޣﵽʵ̤˽ȴûУϲ֮ҲǸ߳һƷʵĽֻ֮Ķɷ֮߶Ǭ֮Уɷ
ʮУѰܹһһʽʩչţһȴԡһⶶ֮⣬е֮ģº֮ظ֮ضɽҡһС
һ˲䣬ġܽɷ֮ġһײһȻѾֻڽͽײ⽣ײҲǲСڳǸ֣һӶɽħ޻룬½ŽĽ𻨾Ҫǡ
ʱһ촫һƷɽܲסնѹСһ飬ͬʱ˾ͽһȻȳ齣ˡ
˾ͽһɫѿ·ѹأڶѹгȴһ˿㯺壬һѪ̧ͷȴָ˷ŵļ㡣
һһֱ֪ԼʤûΪܵ߸ϵʲôϲΪ˾ͽһ˲ָеԾ̾Ǿŵıɫ
˾ͽĨĨѪգնһֵһ䡰лʦһպɣһ֮ȥڡ𽣹⣬ʧԭء
˶Ҳ죬ȥҲ죬һˣֻ˻ڡųֽһԳҲãԽɫѿˣֱһҲתͷȥĵһͬʱҲǷϾɥ֮
ʱƿ֮Ϣ濴һߺƺƵһƮƾȻˣͷһתڻصҶź貨ŵˡ


һ ķ뼯
ʵɵ˳ȻĴΪĸݵ㣬໥֮ҲפַϵҶź貨ʵ˾ͽһ㣬ͨһԪڵĸ֪֪һĵһûгԹԥƬ̣ʱ١
ҶҲ£貨ͬм軨˵ӢĽ֮УĪ˾ͽҲԴʱ׷׽壬ֻʱȻҲˣֻǸڸԵĺ峤Ǽʶ棬۽ˡ
˱ֻΪɵ˵һǰ貨һһļ̣ʱͼ
̶ȻЩȥصҲţҷţ軨ֳգȻԣæ˼̸Լȥ
ԣüͷƬ֮ҡҡͷ㣬Ҳܸ貨š
軨û뵽ԼþȻüͷһ뵽ʲô̾һ̶ģҲгɣܹ㣬ȥ
⻰ڣ軨ǰһеԳһϣܹģҲУǶ壬Ϊ³ϣпܷϵʹ
á֣軨һ˿ŭ⣬ûⳤۣɿ̵̶ģƴҲҪĸ飬ֻҪ㲻Ը⣬һˣ
ż軨񣬼ͷһƳƳһڼᶨҡҡͷ㣬ض˵ɼ̶ѾҲýάˣ˵ұȣ̶ֶԱ
軨һ㶣˵ʲôһǾ㵡żŵתܵǰ磬ԼϢҲסϲ˵̶ʲôʱڵģôô죡
һֱڲΪΪ˲һֱԼĽͷ죬軨ϲҲͷ֮⿪һЦȫİæںӦʮǰɣʲôʱҲǲˡ
ʮǰ
뿪֮ʱֻнΪȴǺڣ֮죬ѵһȥһ룬ʮʱһУ츳Ǿ;ˡһʱ֮䣬˶Ϊ𺳣Ŀ⿴̣Ŀȴһ
չ¶ԼڵΪֱͬλгһ⣬ֻڶߣ壬貨ݶһ㣬Ҳֻܱסվһԣ˵
һʱ֮䣬ĴţһԪΪᶯ˱ѹŭԣ貨мм䴩壬ǵλΣֻҶŻ˵Ȩ
ҶԺȻеȻнΪһߣҲ෵豹棬Ķšڳڣλֶ㡣ǽ˸¿ڡ
ѣҶ㲢ûʲôԹֻһ仰㣬֪ѩʦȥ
ѡֱҶŲƫеӹ̬ȣһͣѯѩüͷ΢彫Ÿ֪˾ͽ˵Ļظһ顣
⻰˲⣬Ҳûж˵ʲô˵ͷ˻ȥȻ˵Ҷһô࣬ôҿŰ졣
ֳһԪڵĵ̣һȦȻˡȻһȦֻصϣʱǰ˲ͬ
ѣɵ˵ļҶڣͽ˴ǰҪ˵һ˵ɣһĻ͡
ãһ˵ͷһܣĳǰǴˮĸɵ̵ֺˣ̬λϡ
ͬһһٴ˵һԪڳѾһԼͬĳĬ
ȴ֪ǰ£ҶŰ˲̬貨õľҲͰˣڵԽƺҵüĻƵģһЦ˳
ôɣô磬һͽôû뵽ȻͽԲѳŲ˵ɱǰѾҪȣֱǲ֪ܡڣɵ֮ʦǲģ㵹ǿȥħǱ߿ǲɹ˵԰㡣ȥȥȥˣϳҿ㻹ţ
ԽｫһһҶԼΣһֻ⣬ͷ泩˵껰ŷһ㲻ԡ
ԽͷŷһԴǡĿ⣬ûʲôԣһط֣Լкæʵʲôȥ
һ˫Ŀ΢Уһ·㲻ߣƫ㣡˵䣬ǷǱƷɽһ⳯Խնȥ


һ ɣ
һһǴ˳ĿĲȣΪ˺ΪʵֶΣĲ˵ˮĸߣ˭Ҳ׷ˣĿľǾ˹˹硣
ĪĹϵ⣬໹ԭ򣬲Կƶ֮ݣǰһԪڣϺͺĸһȺ˵ҼΪѣѡǻǳͻ
˭֪ı˵¿ηΣһһһͽһһͽڿڿˮĸ˶ˣ±ٺõƢҲ̲ȥ
οһЩ굶ɽѪ߳ɱϵӣ֪Ǽô̸Ͱ첻顣͸ݼ֮ӡ
ƿգʮɸ룬һ˲ϢԽѾܹĿâϵСȱڣÿһ͹
ɱңԽҲǧ꣬кΪֵͬʱҲ˲÷
ֻЩһ߹㲻ϣһߣзеķɽ֮¾ֽͬһƣֱͣӴԽŶȥ
飡
һ̫죬ʱ˵һԪڸֲŻȻֻ֣ʱҪñֶҲֻ˲һԪ޴ڵĽƣһĤΪԽһ
ߣ
һߣһ˿ûжݣһ𽣹⣬һ죬ǻһԪĹĤȻҲ赲סһѰзɽͬһ㱻˽ȥ
һĻڳˣͬ˶Ŀɿڴ֪һԪƵѰҲȥһĶɽ鱦٣Եֵһ˭֪״ƣǿƵ߹
ʱһСģնɱʵǿޱȣӳϲֵܵ
һȻǷƿڣ⻰ɫһ䡣ΪһԪǾѵԼ֮У˼˲£һͷɳʧ
һ͸¶ԼϢҲ⣬ֻһЦһնȥ
ʱһֻݵƾҪһĽ⣬ͬʱһϵ˴ˣСѻĹ
⻰һ֪һԪںڳѾҪִûһ˵ڣЦһһתһкɨýǿݵϣһ죬Ʊɣһʹƺߴ˳
СҴ򣡡һȴȻǰˣֻһߴӿдҪһϲƹȥ
һ˳֣һЦ·䣬ֱֱɱȥһֻһƾͻһץ⻪һתһ
ɣ
һһ͵һץһһֱһߡ
һڳڶӶ˳˾ʦķĹűǧ꣬ħףȻץ˳
иֶڳԾʱһҽٴνԾһֻ߳һһץһѾտҲѾصԭվĵطǲҽеԴͷűһԽ
ԽųϺѪɫ㶵ľҪ˵ʲôһ죬ȴͬһ˵
һĻŻһˣѾ˶˵ҳ˳Ծǿһıһ䣬ͬȼ߼ĸֵĻѾɱһĴڡ
ʱһһƾճ֣ϵһֲֻУȻǰһˣֿտգŭĵһһۣȻǷű˷ĵˡ
ֻǴʱǲ׼̸һͻǳԽȥҪܲܽȻֻǻûԽһ˿ϢҲɢ˫һɣʬ͵
˷סԽʬ壬æʩչһƬ֮ɫĿһǽֻҪܻˣ¾ͻܻתݹʡ
ʣһҡҡͷһЦԭһԪڵĴ֮ãõúܣǷŻϣֻˣղ˵ʱѾڻƬɢڤڤ֮УҪԼȥлɣ
ʲôˣĵԣɫѿϵһʦ֡ƺҪʲô
ϵԣ˵ͷһ˵ǰһԪڵĿˣϵͲܻ£ֻǵ㲻һԪɱˣѳɣ־ܣȥһϵ˫лػء


һ նħ
ɣ־ܣһһЦ·ʲôΪЦЦһ㡣
Цʲôĵû뵽Լʦֵͷһ˵ȻСʱɫҲ
һԣЦûֹֻͣǻջأͬʱҲһܣһһɣ֪ʲôѵ˵ΪһԪڵĿˣʲôô
˻һĵ˻һͣͨҲ֪ŷʲôһͷβνǹؾأչ¶ֿܹʵֱܹЩϼһ棬ȴֻǸһȺ˵ùضֶݣ˵󣬼ֱһԪˡ
ĵ˵ϵȴſڵʩΪһԪڵĿˣѵõƿֻͣǲþͲھȻִɱݳϣһԪڵؽ磬˫ͬǿˣһԪҲòһ
һԣȻĵ˵ͷ·һ̣ǹһ˿Ц㣬ͬǿˣΪһԪھͷһ֪νĶڱǰֹͣҽѵһ£Ҫ׽ʣѵ˻ŵȲɡ
һһȻǿʶҲģֱ˵нǿΪıʡȷʵڵӣһֻѰɵӣԷɱˣһԪ䣬齻Լˡ
ʱֱӾϣҪһԭ˵ʲô˵Ҫһˡ뵽ϵٴʼ䣬֪˵ʲô
һǿʶſڴƻƣǲ׼ˣȻˣǾݹһԪڰԵˣλʦܳɣһħ
˼ʦֵܶ˶˵һﻹϼϾǿһһƾճ֣ԭ˺ϵһ߸ˣһƽһ롣
Σڳһһ֮˶ͫһȻܽȫˣ⼣õһЩ˵
ӣԭӣഫǧǰ͵ٷ񾳽ĸ֣ɽٸһսĴڡΪû뵽һξȻ֣һһɾͲˣܹս񣬵ӿֻбõķˡ
ڳˣǻ켣н꣬ǧĸ֣ЩΪһʱ֮䣬Żŵľ滺һһ׽õ֡
Ψ˲ͬһǷƣһնɱɱԼ㱾Ÿֳ֣Ҳ㷣һĪʱѹ˽͹ǰЩΪѣһʱûΣգֻ⡣
ѣһᣬɺˣϵȻʮ㣬һ˿õԤͷǸеĲʹͲڸһᡣ
ֻһᣬ֪ѾһͷһȥֻҪչֳ㹻ʵõȨ
ᣬߺߣѵնħĻ᲻ɣȻˣҾ͸һλᣬ췢⼸λɣҪǾͺá
췢һʱ䲻̣Ϊе֮ȴҲΣȻҲܴ²³һ˼һ˹֣תͳȥɽٸֵʵ֣Ȼʲô׼ֻһԵõıվţǵȶԷ
һŷԸһ䣬ݺѵһܵվסˣĵһˡȶϣӽ·ֱ̤һĲ
Ƕתƹ⣡
һϢתͬʱ˻𷨱ǻӶһ˲䣬˵һɹ췢ֹȥ
һǡǶתս󡯵ʽ֮ɱ֮״εڵӣ֮ǿԶɽϺѰ赲һ¶Ҫˡ
ֻƽǶתս󡯲ٵвʩչһ˲һ̬ȣֱʩչսҪһ
ֻǺ췢沢ʲô֣ͨʵʵĶɽħټһϴ鵤ħʵǰλὫһʽ
ģѵûгԷ
췢ȻһЦצһץһʵĹȻץס͵سȥһһԪϽƣֱӺصװԶ
һĻԾľҪˣԼȻһֵû뵽Ȼ췢׵ֵ
һʱ֮䣬֪Сˣһƺڽʲô췢һ˼Ҫһϸ˼Ļᣬһһظūˡһһ˫Ѫħצͳץȥ


һ Ʊ
νѣһˣ췢Ȼڲ˶ɽΪǿ󣬺;ḻܹ⣬һ־ǰֱӹ롮Ƕתս󡯱ڡ
ͬʱĺãæΣʩչ󷨱仯жβȡֻǺ췢ֶοϸǲȵĻᣬצֻڣƬʱսе©ûмСԽԽ
ϵռȨ֮λͳŦڣ췢Ǹеĸ֣ٲʩչطֶΣսֻʱ⣬ʱ˵׽һһԪڵ涼ûˡ˶һѵľ
λʦܣ𣬱ħ
һȣɫͬʱ΢΢һ䣬һǡǶתս׺ݣһУֶΣʤҲ˵һǧ˰١гɣֻʹùһΣҲһΣһɽٸֶһʤΪӮ˺պ
ȻһΣǿ췢滹ȲǴΣգԼſڴܣֻܳɹʧܣ˼ȫͨ
ʱ췢Ȼ֪ҪʩչУȴҲ壬ֻǾҪƻʱһɹɱޱȵɱϢ߿£ͬʱͬʱɣ췢ĹΧ
žͿһԪƣɫ䣬ͷԹ⼸ʦôʩչֶεͬʱæλϣҿ󣬸ռ䣡
ڳ϶Ϊ˫岻ѣ˿ڣ׷ѹͬʱԪעĽ֮Уһʱ䣬һռĴһԪУ˼һѾȿռ䣬һٶƻҲܼ͡
ڴ£һ⣬ֻǿӵֶΣǹһ˿ζЦݣǷϹŴ½ɱϣȻ֮УҺϹ䣬ȹ飬дֶΣֱӱɺɱɡ
Ȼܹ˺֮Ҳɽһʵˣ췢ҪӮƯЩ鷳ǱҲͰˣȻǿ󣬵ȴˣҪ֮Ҳǲѣ
һ뵽ʲô촽΢ȴ췢濴Ҫֶƴ뽫ɽֶʩչһʱɫһϲצΪһɿ
Ȼ֪һ֣Ҿ֪ҲǼϲòԼռҲһ񣬸͵ԪЮǱ֮һ⻷췢
һ֮翪ٵأһеɱǺ췢ȫʩչҲܶһʤǵûзſΪǽΪȻյҡ
ֻǹ⻯ͷ췢ۼֻ߲ʱ򡣺췢ϢҲ͵һ䣬һɹӿ֣ǵڶɣɣ߹ͬʱϡЩȻ죬ɣǿȴĿ
˶ɺ췢Ϊεʱ򣬺һǹһǹ𱱶֮ȴָͣ򲢷ӣǺ췢档
ޣǣصģβ٣ɨ򣡡
ʱһֱĺ췢涸Ȼһǹ⣬͵ըһͳصϢ˷ˢȥ
һϢǷһ˿ǳ֮˵ǵûлϴˢĺôڲͳı˵ȴǽ͵һˮʱޱȵıǻԶը
ӵõһսҲżȻʹ֮սʤȴûվȻô򵥾ͿסԾŭִУ׷ϡ
ҺǶǶĸ֣췢ʱЩԱǻǶ񣬼ʱطȻԪģղûˡ
ֻûк췢ڵ췢ħοϷŹᣬ¸һЦ𣬴һƬͳץ˹ȥһץȻҪһ򾡡
ǾȥΪʱҪֵȴֻķųʮ֣췢һץ֮߸˾ͬͷСԺ췢һ㡣
췢þûдô泩һ̣ӵνϲͲû˵һúģĻ
ۼһצҪץסʱһߴͷħͷˡ䣬һͨ쳹صľƴƸռ䣬ֱֱ췢ͷ
ɽٸ֣úã
췢͵ùһ棬֪һиֳ֣ʱ״ϲһɽϢſ˫۸ǿʮ͵سͷӡȥ


һ ʵһж˵
췢ƣǱ͵ϮҰһһצĶԺ䣬ϯһƬȿռ䣬ֻžȻӲ˿ռȣռȥˡ
ռУһԪֱһɾನһգʲôãᣬƾನҪ˷ɢ
ˣ
һŭ𣬸췢挝һƳ֣һһĤ棬Ĥɢ
ɢǰһ˶ȿռ֮УΧһãһ̿տյĵվһȺǱˣЩһԪϣԼɵפظ֡
ֻһһվԭأɽٸֵػһӶûа˵ģһûжһһֵģһС
췢Ǿƶһ˶ǶɽټΪԶҲûʲôʧ˿ǰǱӣٺһЦҡҡͷͳһǰߡ
վס
һȴһƾճ֣üĿͷڷɢмζϢǷ췢һеˡ

췢۽˸ӿһָ㣬ҲǶȹ٣ȻɽڣҲǽӽ˵ͬǶɽٳڣʲκͬ֡
㲻Ƕǿʲôˣ
ʲôˣ㲻֪Ҫ֪ҵ˰ɣ
ˣһԪڶɽɫ΢䣬û뵽췢澹Ȼˡ
췢˵ͷתͳһһݵϣСδ񣬻𷣡
һԣ΢΢һЦѾˣȻط֮Ҿͽһ㣬ӦܹΪɽǿֿܰɣ
췢ɫϲæֵл˺ٴλصһһɻһ۵͡
һԪڶɽٻΪ췢ϷŪһһԻʱⲢϷŪ͹ϵġ
ǺˣΪδһԪƻ֪һЩ죬һԪڶɽҲֻ
˭ˣ֪βЩͽͽóϮһԪڣ֮Ȼ˴ª˺ѽ
֮һԪڶɽüͷ΢壬˿ˣ̵ݣƺ֪ԭίüͷ΢Ŀһһۡ
ȻǿˣӦΪ֮һԪΪ֮ǰ֮µǸֻ㶯ɱȴҲԣҲ˵ҪֻҼһڵˣ˵Σ
ҲǺ췢淢һԪڶɽ˲٣ӵ˶ԾĿšһ⣬ҪĲǿǶԵȣֻжԵȵĹϵֻܹǳΪ˿ܣһ˵æһΪ°ˡ
ҪҼڵҲԣȥ죬һأ㣬ң棬˼֤򣬲Ҳգ
һ˵ţ֮ûа˼һԪڶɽ΢΢鶯ƺ䡣
ߣôĿСѣҲֶ֪ΣȻܹոһɽսʵҲֻǽԴﵽҪνḷ́Ҳǲԣɵ˵ĺˮĸͶɵˣͳһͳһжſܱ档
һԪڶɽ˵䣬һ˿׻׻̵ζǷ˵С㻹һ㣬Ӻͷɡ
һе˼ҲֻԴѯʵ˵㣬ǲ֪㹻
һԪɽû뵽һڤ粻飬һҪ˵ʲôûڣһһָԵĺ췢涸Ȼ佫Ʒ˳
ҪʲôһԪɽüͷһ壬ս׼
һЦһҲشֻһָһߵĺħҲ¸һЦȥȫѹͷų
ħݺħ꣬Ϣ˿ֻкҵΪȻͻȻʱȫһԪɽٶɫ䣬ٴС
һȻôЩӣȻ;ϣ˺ָħҲͬʱƥĹɶɽټħ۳ħƹɽɼڶȾڣ·㵹һ㡣
һԪڵӳϷ׷׸ԶԶ֮ǾͶ㣬ûҷɽͣĵħ֮ɫ
ʱȵĲֹǣһԪɽٸ֣㶵Ŀһһۣ˵ȴһХһƽ͵ջưɣһж˵


һ ̸г
жˣһģһˣΪǶɽ٣ΪǰǶɽٸһһ£ǰǶɽٱæʦ֣ŷ鴫˹ȥ
ǻΪףɽٳһ߹СѣչʾʵҲˣùջһưɣɵڽսöԷɽڣ»Щ
һĿչʾʵöԷֳ֣ĿĴﵽҲΪ˵ͷкһ䡰ˣɽħͬʱջƣֻԭʹģ
ⷬǻһ˿졣룬һܹɽٶģӦΪˣ·룬ɽٸͬһʹһ㡣
ͷͬʱҲ˫ͬûз֮ǰһ㣬໥񣬽ܼ䣬˵һԵȣּ̧䣬ƾ£ӿˮΣ̬ľʣʯ飬ַݽṹƬ֮һһԪ³ԭء
ת֮ԴһһԪҲɡ̶̳Ȼǽǿȶ֮ǰһֿνɣмһеǡһ֪̾ǶԷʩչֶΣʾԼʵ
һԪʧޣ͸ݣֻƽûСҲǰæؽɣ˵ɣ
Ͽˣĳȴ֮ˣ
˫·ʶһĳȥڵԳϣԼҶţ貨ԥһ£ջǸȥֻǵֻ档
˫£һͨǰĽܣ֪˾ǻ˵ĵţߵʦܣĻ˺ĻˣһԪһĴڡ
ӻ֮͸¶˼һԪڲֻˣԴˣһûʲôԾΪ⣬ΪǾ仰ܵģѵġ
СһǰǴˮĸɵ˺̣ʧ£ҲˣҵȲŹȷʵкʵһлҲͺ˵ˡ
ˮĸȷʵʵֻǲƲ¶ףʵҲˣԷŲŵ͵һˣҲ¡
һһ仰һϻĽͳɵ͵ҲΪ⣬˵ͷӹ¡˺˴ǹལҪ̽һʵһÿÿױܹó̸ۡ
һ͸¶ϢָѾոһʱˮĸһ̶ȣӶںҲ˼ֻ֡һĿɵ˺һԪȻɵĴͷ֮һȫ£ԻҲҽӿڴӦ
˶һ˵һԵȣתͷڣҶź貨ŵĴˣܻ˵붫ˮĸĺһԪڱʾͬ⣬ǽһԪڵȥ֮춫ִ¡
Ϊɽٸ֣һԪ棬綼Ƕڣ˵һԾŶĴֻӦˣ㲻ȥȥϢͻš
ѿɻ⣡˳һ˵
һ˵ͷ϶˵ĳв֮һδ٣Σ֮Уҵ˫ȻͬȴͬȺֶΪأȻˣҾ֮ڶɵ˵λɣ
˵գһȥҲͳɽ֮⡣һ֮ʱȴתĪɽ
Īʦ֣ӣϣʦܹѴ˽٣ٹƣСܵһ⣬ʦֲ¡
˵䣬һݹһöȭͷСӣֻһɫ׹Ȼϸ΢ȴһ֮Ϣ
һرҲͰˣǻһ㵵ĺ֮ףҲѰĻ׽٣ƷʽӽһصĽף
һĪҲ֪ʲô׷֮׶˵鵤Ϳ̥ǣ鱦϶ɽ鱦Ϣһʵ
ֱ֪Ľ׶ڶɽٸ˵оԵΪǿԴӽ֮дĦ֮⣬ӶӶɽٳɹʡ
ֻѰ׽ٷ޲ߣ˭Ҳȥֽ׸мУжɽٸͷҲΪһĻԾԭ
ʦܣⶫ̫ˣ㻹ŵҪʱðɣĪһʹһɫ˼ڽ̸ʹⶫ˵Ȩ
Īʦ֣ʲôСã񵽲أ˵䣬һĪʹɫֱӽƸһЦ˷ȥ
һȥıӰٿ˿Īе飬һԪڶɽƺͷЩʲôҲ˵ת˾ͷɽȥˡ


һ 
̶գѰ˵һ˲һĶ˵գۼţҲûлطˮĸĴ㣬ֱӷɽ飬˽Ų𣬴ڶڵȴš
һϥڶ񽸵ߴ˫Ŀ΢գƺڸʲôԭЩӣشٽеһؼʱоͬԼӦ֮˵Ĺؼʱ̣ܹһƬգǲܴͿһƬڰϷ°ǿʵĻᡣ
һͬСףƷƺͼŮǰһʱķΪѾﵽƿԴ˿໥ֶΡֻС׵ƷƵħͨԼ̵Ľͻײһһϼʱ仯
Ϊһжɽٸֻҩָ̻Ůù˼ɣʩչһԹսߴһѣ˵Сʦֶθ߳Ǹ˵ʦ̶ҲǹʦţĽ޲ѡ
ڵڶմɽʱ򣬵۷һԭƽ͵ϢȻ仯һħڶǶŮǹۿǲߴӣں췢ȶɽٸֶһ
ֻһһغڹ⣬Ѫ⣬ɷ׹⣬ҹ⣬ִ棬Ĺâ֣أÿһضһ޵磬ħִԾѡ
һĻħϾ֮ɫǺħճյ˵ħħ񣬾Ȼֻвħھܳ־ӰԳħ仯ÿֲǿ󣡡ãҿߣ
ħƺӦʲôæӿֻǴʱѾˣһźںѸۣһ·־ͷ׹Ǻ֮УȻһ١
һʱͷƣ͸¶һ˿⣬˵˵ħٽ䣬ʹ֮׹䣬û뵽ҾħСɣħҲ١ҲҵħͷˡҲ죬һΪһΪħҪҲܡٽһҵһǣȻȲϽת׽٣Ҳʤ˰ɣ
һ˿Զˣһ־ǹָ䣬ͼ޽¶ֻ޽֮пһˣһħͷСŮߴӷ׷׽뽣֮УһվԼ޽롣
պһУսƾ͹һͬӦ˴ڣԽµľʮ׽١
һ׼̧һУ޽ɿӿ£ոմﵽͷ˾ųɾţȻͬǿ󣬵ҲˣΪǶǶľųɾ䵽һϡ
һħг׽٣ת׽٣һͬɽٵ˳ɽħޣߣԼҲԵʲôЧ
һǲҪȫ֮࣬Ȼ󵱳ƷʱͷľԼħӰȻʼȡ׹Ȼյ׹󣬵ûһ㣬Ȼʵһ֡
ԭ˴ڵġħ䡯оȻһƪ򵥵ҵЩִħѪ׫дֲӹϣϹġ
Һһ󷨺ĴУҲϵһƬţ
ħɷӸӣϹŽаħ֮ɣΪ֧аħ֮ʢΪŴз㣬Һò׵õУϸ֦ĩڣδֱָŴﵽһƪħоȻһƬѵ˵һ׹ǺŴвɣ˵۾ħʱеĵط˵ͨˣҲ˵νľħ񲢷ħ񣬶Ǵ˵еϹ岻ɣ
뵽˴һȥԽԽпܡٻһ룬Լɵ̫ϵܷŴҲǾڣһϡͿħŹȻҲڡ
ѵ˵ڲֲɣóۣһͷֻһ£㻯Ц
زΪۻʥ˲Ϊϣ˻ô˼Ų֣ҵŪ˵ʵ㹻ǿҲݲҷһ죬Ҳǿ֮൱̻֮ˣʱǷ̵ʱ򡣶ҵķĺôȥҵҪڣ˭˭Ӯ
һתһͻָĥѾͬʯһ㣬ûȱݣڱˣٱ仯նԿȻ
˿ͷתʵľħֽһסУͷһתƶ


һ ħ
·Ϊ۾ħɣһתս׵ٶȶȻӰٱֹʱƣħӰԽԽ࣬ս׵ٶҲѸټӿ
ʱ䣬һͷħȫʵһŭңԶȵڣһʶͶС
һ״֪ǡĿڣķΪħȻħͶ·񣬽½֮䡣
Ȼһʶ䣬һһԺ󱲣ǿתֻҪҾħô
һЦȻܴȴûҪЩָӵڡǴ⻰УֱӰתĹߣ
û뵽Ŀأǰôã˻һȥɣ
һͷħû뵽˸ô˵ҪŭһѾˡһ̫⾳ӿһתȻʽ־ϵһζеĸо
ħϹ񣬱һСӶǼ򵥵ɵһĴڣһ˲ͷֲԣҪ
ֻһΪԷһֶοɲֹһ䡯Ҳ͵غ̫޼Ӱ첻ͬ䡯Ǵıһٴνħ־ͷת
ʱһɱʩչһƪҲ¶תὣ֮Ȼûֱͻ˽Ҳͬˡ
ȻͬǾֽ䣬֮صʫѾɢ룬תγһڰ֣ϸһЩ֣ÿһԲһ׽ƺƵϲָԴԽƽ⡣
ȫһĽƪ£Ȼ۷˵һЩϿʦҪ˵š֣ҸѵõǣڰԼ뽣ɷԪӦͣɷһĸˮ׼ҲԤʾһڽ֮·Ѿи߲εĳˡ
Ȼһлд񽣵ƪʩչȻͬԼһϯ㽫ħ־飬һ֮Сһʱ䣬һ忪ʼһ롣
һĻһͷһϲ֪ԼǵֶοԳУǾԼƾħȻ־٣ֱӷЩ־Լµħ־
һȻþħͣȴȫͳڳΪʲô߸ϵĴүҲʲôʱըʵٴǿ١
ʱڶͷħҲͬһ־٣ûһ־һѾˡվǡ̫顯͡䡯ǰ棬Լ֣Ƭ֮󣬾֮гֶһ
˺󣬾ӰսٶԽԽ죬ħҲһһһһҲæոʮħʱԭһħƿһͷһģһȴǸӵһħ֡
һħһ־ͳһݵֵСݼħˣ
һ״һЦúãΪոħ񣡡
ħԣһͳһͷڵֿһħȥ
һͷħһʱʡȥһ߶һʣһͷħٴСʱڶͷħҲѹٴͶһӪ֮С
һȻ׽֮ѵħԽԽ࣬һҲǿ˫һƽ״̬״ֱ̬׽پ£׽ٲųһƫơ
һҹʱ䣬ٽһͷ㣬Ǿ֮ļֵħһͷǼֵħ񣬲ħһͷǺʵǿзˮ׼һ¶ǲһս
ҸѵõǣһȺսִ죬ÿһͬķһĴڣҲغԼʶ˵ɿĴС
ϲϲһ޽˶׽ٶ֮תҲͽħ֮ջȥ·һжûз
һͻأ׽һľħħģ൱ںļʮִ󣬵ĥųɾ֮Ϊٺò
֮УĴɽٵ࣬к췢棬ħȻ٣ɽڵļСףƷƺͼ̶ǻ۷ʱ䣬׽в򣬵ҲǲС
ߴӣȻǮ̫סһµʦ׽֮зֳһʶΪǴڵҩǮĹעԽͽ˵Ƿǵࡣ
ƣ˼ԨƵĳ嵽ԪӤڣ˲ǽ𵤴ԲǽСΣһҹͼٶŵĿɿڴ
һ׼Ը䣬ȴɵ˳ֵʱһЦӺϴһ˹ƣȻ߲ơ


һһ 
¸¸¡ҵ˭˶ɽ٣ԭСħͷãããѲζȱһʹӣ·ʹӣ׼ħ·ͨ
˻ûɽų䣬ͼϸָȻһֱ֮ͣٶ֮춼ʮ˵á
һüͷ΢壬û֣к췢ͺħ֣ͬһһңһʩչɺħצһʩչħָϡžһָͬʱը顣
飬˲ûзŭһЦãõúܣû뵽ôһ˾ɽٸ֣ãħҪ֣λԸ룬ɨԴ
һλ£Ѿ˸ǰʮˣΪףϻٵˣϢΣ֪ΪΣǼħڸ֣Ȼڷ֮󣬱ϤסɱϹݣѪƾԼսλӡ
⼸Ϥף˵Ҳ֪ħŵˣǼħڸֵĹ̬ȣԼٲͬϢЩ˿¾ħеħٸˡ
һ˼һתֿ֮ǹһ˿ЦҲʾʲôֻĿǰˡں췢棬ħûеȻҲҶֻǻصԭλһ
Ƭ֮󣬱ħٸУһֳľȵĿͷ˳ץץľȣͷĿһһۣĿܿתĺƷơ
ͷһһľȵ飬ĺõӣʦȻѵҪ˲ɣ
⻰վںһʿСվ˳ǵʫż֮ħ飬ľҲֻʦһĶɽٸֻ֣Сģ
Ӧһתͳǰ˼˿ΪﵽħڣϢȻıĺƷƣһ˿ɫ΢΢һЦƷƣʦԼλʦô
ƷԣһħһСħڵʱ㲻λʦΪ˽ӴֶԷȻдԼ뷨ӾתΪ壬֮жܿ
˵飬ԷԺƷƶģٴμĵ׵һ˿ٴӿ𣬱ԷһЩţæתͷһҪȡ
һ״ʱ˼һתƷƼ䣬ʱƷɫָֻ֣Щ԰װˡ·鴫һ㣬Ĵһ߳ȥ
״Ϲһ˿ЦݡҪõתεͽﴦ񿴳ƷѾͷνǷŭŭ֮ȴ뵽ԺܹĵͽϷйɲֲɵõ
ʱһ˿Σյĸоӿͷȥֻǵص˿ԼƹֵǸղŻͽ
ļˣѵɣ뵽ƷƾȻҶԼ֣һæųһ⣬˿籵ֵס
ƷƱǲҶ֣һֶκͺŶ֣˫ϣҲӣ첻µزµħŮɫչֳһ籷裬Ȼƾ˲ħĵΪħڵ鶷
鲻Ƹ֣ʵǿҲвħܿʹ͵ϮĻһָƽ֣˺ʼѹźƷƴ
ֳһ˫⵶ǼõĹű飬ģƷƵ˿ûΪƣǺƷưáվ̽Է˼ºüξҪ˿籱塣
˹ԼеʱȻϷ磬ȴºƷƣ뵽ڶɽʦǰ˷ӣЩļ˼һ׼Уֻץס󲿷˿籣һַųһ˫⵶Ϊһ˫ն˿ľƷ
ʱƷ˿ղأվҲסڱֶΣǾ͸ᣬһкʵˣºƷ滹ڣȴٲˡ
ʱƷ¶һ˿üƵЦݣƮƮһͬɱ֣ɱɢϸ΢໥ͬһ˫Ѫ
ͬɱ⣬˲ײһֻ͵ġ⵶Ȼֱӱײ˹⻪ڵأһ˫ѪɱٶȲֱȥ
һת˿籣ֵó˫׹̫ͣԷҧ֮£һӰ߳
һӰɼҵķֻĿͣҲ飬Բķ񣬶նɱһּͨʶɵķ
ֻһճҪʱһ˫׹ٶһһǷȻϡ


һ 첻

һʹдֻһݵ˲˫ۻѪɫҧгݷ·Ҫ˶һ㡣
ˣҪɱ㣡
һ龹Ȼ˿米ԼƶһͬԳһչ͵سƷɱȥ
ƷԴӷһ˫׹ķ֮ĵϾһϲޱı飬ȵ鱩ҪɱŻתһʮЦݡ
ʦ˺αضŭҿƷһΣ
ƷЦ̣ϸ˵ţ¶Ѫļȴûһ˼ƥɷ֮˵ٴν˳
ʱȻŭһԼǧķϵļǷֻǧʱ⣬ʱ̶ܱһǡ
һһͽͷŭ⾡ˣΪһ鱦ר˾ɱɱ鱦ħĿơ
ƷΪһӵµ֮ѳǰ£ѾһµµȻȴڲʲôʦʲôʦ棬ħҲֻûжš
ڶʹõĸӿ⣬˳˼ɣһζʹħԪľ鱦ưˡ
Ȼһ˫ϷжذûúƷʧ˵ٶȼ죬Ҳƾһƿռ䣬ֱӲһռѷ콫һջصֻǿϧǻҪڶѾӻ˱жɽٸڣķ˻
Ҳ˵ܿ䷵ر˵ƷƵʤ飬Ц⣬һǰһݣݻȥ
һлҼǰţūһȫȫڲࡣ
¸õˣֻǴ̫аҪħͳ֣Ͳһô˵ˡ
ƷԣһЦһЦͬˮܽһ㣬ȾȻ˼ʥŮʣϢȻΪƿ򿪣Ŀܡ
һĵ˵ͷС׿һ˿Ľæϲ׷׸ߺϲʦ
һڻϲصʱħһǸħУλɽɫ࣬æΣƷƽɱϹԾ֮˷֮ƺ뵱ͬŶһ
ţȻȴֻϾħΪħһڶܹ꣬ϴһ¹ʣһڧλСܻΪ˵ġ
ħλɽ֪ʱٲҲǲˣŵĿͷ͵һľȣһͽȻҲʦǰ˺ʦ棬õٳܷݹϷɱꡣ
ͷһ˵ͽɽȫչһɹɺڶ𣬼ƽƬնڸǡĴɽٵıȦУħĺƷ˿壬Цһ˫ֻһһŲŲʡ
ǿͷڶŭһӶľȣһͳƷɱ˹ֻһܹĴɽٵķһһ־;飬˿˺á
ͷ׹⣬ȵλѵҪҲɣ
ֻħٸһЦǺô磬ҵˣһͺɱһûǵѵ˲ɡ
ͷԣһ˿ɱ⣬˼һǹһ˿ЦСӣΪԼЩôʹһ˾ɣ벻֪ʵħǰֻǴһϰˣǱҪ쵽ֽ顣Ȼϴǹ˳һ౦ﶼңҲԸ㣬ΪͽΪħڸ߲㣬һ˵ʲôش٣𣬶ܱһΣ
һһ㶣¶һ˿ЦЦЦݵҪʲôôܸʲôô
ͷΪһһСӣһͷ֧ƱƭٺһЦôҲҪ㣬ͽϵ鱦ʲôĶȻҪģԺ̳ħڴУг֮Ȼỹ㣬ʱʹںǧ򱶣ݺҲ޵ˡ
ݺ޵Уһһ㶣һƺڿʲô
ͲˣȻ㲻ǻһɽ鱦һóҰϴһ£ò٣ͷû뵽һôƭ޽
˭֪ʱһƺֵļһһЦҡҡͷָͷƾҲ˵ݺ޵Уϲϣ첻հ


һ һٶȡ
ʲôСˣ˵ʲô˵һ飡
ͷΪһĹ˳˭֪һת۾ȻԼǾ֮ܣ˵Լ첻աǧûһ˸ô˵ȻһСָűгǸҲŭɶʱ򣬿ھͺ
ҪһҲǲԣһ羹Ȼ͵£ⲻ첻ʲôǰ鷳˱Ȧ˰ɣҿ춼㲻ϣֱǼʶǳⲻ㡭
˵ΪʶһѾƽ֮ӸղһԷһǱǰҲ磬ʱֲȫֻ֣Ϊ˽Соеɳܣڴ˿ڣһͨ
ͬˣ𷨸ʶͨȫʶͨʶͨҲԼǻͨ˼ڳһ׵ģ˵ֱ֣ӱѪҲпܡ
ͷ󣬱˵ħڣ磬Ҹ˵ػĶûм˵ﻹ̵סֻҲ˵ʲôֻܴһͳһɱȥ
ɱϵͬʱҲ˽еһɱӣһ³ɣôҾ֣ǲɱ뱾ΪС
һڹȻЧֻͬʱħڵɽ̶æ⣬ҲԳɺ֮һʱ䣬ɽ٣񣬻ڵĽܳͬʱ
ͱʵۣԷһ߽һԼ֪ԼֶΣԼ״ȴ˿ңڵĿңջĿ⿴ֱ˹֡
ף췢ĸҲ֣ÿʵ𡣡
ּ⣡
һһ£ħӵĳȥոս֮ʱѾһս󣬼Ƿ׷ɽ⾳ǿһֵʵȻս࣬ȶסս֡
ħŸֵҪĿľջ׵˼룬ӶһϵôһսʼǾһգֿŸֺôڳҪշˡ
ֻ֪˸Ͳĸ֣Ҳ˵һƣûУǵ۽֮ҲһƵ硣һ޹֮ħŸֲòȫԸ
ò˵ħŲɵɽôõĴڣȻЩ죬ҲʧΪУȻĴɽٴñ֮Ҳγսƿʼ
ֻħŸպôһ߳ʱɽһʩչֶξȻʱħ˲סķ֣ԼӢܵҲ֪׷״һɱȥ
Ҳ֮ǰƷƳ̫ϬڸһСף̶ɸֶԴֶŮɱȥһֻϹݵȽܳǰΧ
һɵĿЦΪ˱ŮߴӣּͽųȥһѪͶǵսȥˡ
һЦСӣȻ˼ܱˣҿѰ·࣡
˵ħѪÿһǲϳԿһն壬ս֮Щ壬ʵΧһҪնɱħõѡ
û뵽һСӣȻܹɳĵز±仯ֻǵûڱӽ£ӲѣҲѭɣɱϹɫɱŨŨȻǶնɱһмȤ
ȿȣֵܣһֵܾһսˣûлᣬȻԶʤ٣ʤ֮䣬ͷɲҪ
˵ǿӣսһٺЦ⣬Ȼ˵ʵͽͬ˷֮ɫɼֳǸĿڲһˡ
֮УΨһû˵ıǶƾֻĿƳƳһԵĺƷƣһһŮеġԡ񣬲ܿջأʼͷŶ׼һٽɱһ
һһ˵ţһҲûжŭֻͷżݸû뵽羴ӢܾȻҪΧԼҲǱ׷֮Цһͽһ׿
ǻѽû뵽ħ幫ӾȻ䵽أҿǵ鱦ҲΪ֮ˣˣˣҾջذɣ
˵䣬һϵһ˿ϼ⣬ǡֶ̽֡ΡһĨϼзֻһӡӡ֮ͬʱһ౦ľȻҪһٶȡ˵鱦
һʱ֮䣬ӻʲôһ̣ϹݿʼǷ׷׸оԾԭ꣬һ鱦ȻɶԿƵĸо


һ 鱦
ô£ΪʲôҵġſѪ顯Ȼʹˡ
«תǧ򶾳桭Ϊʲôų
ô£ħͱתģΪʲôȻҵĴɱ¾ѵҪʱѲɡ
ҵ񸫡
µ
ͬʱУﻹ׵׷ʲôһָһеˣ㵽ʲôȻӰҵѪ飬ͣ£򱾹Ҫ
һһЦѵͣͲɱôͣͣ£ƾҪǧѣԻǷ°ɣ
šֳڣһ˵鱦ֳֻһǣƣġſѪ顯ȥ¡ֳڵ˲䣬ֻоһɾͷѪ飬ͬʱоԼ鱦ӡ˲ը顣
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׻һﲱһѪֱԭݱúѪɫҲܲô࣬һͺͷǱץסѪȥ
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һһЦ̧һֻһָɵƣͬһƵͲڱ˸ֱӴ
žһ죬ͬһ䳾ȥˡͬʱ΢ѪҲ׽õһǰһģ޽鱦Ϣ˹ȥ˲ͽħ鱦ѹסˡ
һ鱦Ĺ̴ӿʼһʱ䣬һ׵ñԭ鱦˱ſ¡һĻУ˵𾪲˵ǿ־壬Ƕæջر
һȻ¶һоͲô򵥾ᣬĿһתͿ򽹲ϲ뽹ĿսӣԭֻΪħźħһһ鱦βΪƽѡ
ս֪ԭҪѪһʵֶʵ˭˭ûйϵ򵥵ѡʽɣö˼
սӵ鱦һ࣬ȷҪһЩ˭һʵ̫࣬жǿ鱦ܣһ˿Ϣѹƣϡ̽֡鱦񸫡͡µֵ
սӿſտҲ֣о֣ŭᣬ˳ճմվԭءֵϹݺƾˡʧȥ£µ֪Լʧȥ޷ֹǶ˾
ߣ
ɱϹݿﻹʲô˼ò׵õ鱦ɽڹбλǱߣʵȺҲᱻ˳ЦһӣԴҲһҪߡƾĿһһֶۣηųһƬҲԦݹҪߡ
߲ˣһЦһץ£Ƴȥ
СӣҪ񣡡
һͻأĴдһ󺺣ǴΧС׵гĸ֣ģϢȻսħŵĸ֡
սħŸǿӵʦ棬һ鱦ȡŭޱȣһ־һ˫͵سҪһ˫ƴ򱬡һ״ЦһƷһץһһ޾Ҫߡ
߾СսħŸŭһתҪơ
һֻһ˫һУȻֻʣɣȶɽǿȴҲޱȣֻսħŸɫ͵һ䣬һ˫Ҳֶܿȥ
ôܣ
սħŸֱΪ幫ʵ̫ûܱסԵʣԼǧҲ׽ãͷľһ㲻幫ӡ
ߣҹ
һɲξ֣˫ץ˫ޣҲֱӷһӣӰ˳ֻսħŸͬһɿȥ
ΪսħŸּ룬ΪþȵϹݺƾ˼ѪɫʧֻһҪѾֻ͵ش߶ħԪע鱦֮УҪֵһ׽á
鱦ħھԲŹ㣡
гԩ޳𣬺αΪСŮӣ
Źãش٣ֱħһϸҲδ֪㶾ӣʲôԩ޳ΪʲôΧҵʱˣ
һȻԵ˿ʴȣߺһЦ̽֡ٴγ֣һһңħ͡«鱦ҲС
һսˣûɱˣȴõ鱦Ҫ֪ħĶɽٸ֣ӵ鱦˶ֻʮ֮һɼ鱦󡣶񣬼Ϊ⣬٣鱦Ҳ֮ĴΪ֮ˡ
һ鱦ȡʱΧħ˲ħɽ̲סˣԿͷΪףǲϧķԪʼĴħս


һ չ¶˷
ɽٸֱĶսһһеı֮ǿԶһСлԵĴħŵĶɽٸΪһ鱦Ǻħ˶Щֵס
һĿ˵ڵصӣСǰħڸ֣ЦһԺħ˽еɣ
ħԣȻսҲս˻ءͬʱЩħڸ֣Լﻹͣ׷˿һȦصɽ
ɽ濴˿Ժ󱲣ȫǲǿͷ棬Ŀһһۡ
ӣٽ鱦ǼˣһƴԪģҲҪ
һüͷһЦϼһƾϹͷ뽫̫ˡ
ͷԽŭֻ˵һսһһ¶ʵٲҪ⣬Ҫģ룬˵£ȫʤҲҪķѼѪѪͲ㣬ԪҲĸ˵ƴ졣
СӣҪô
ߣ㣬ҿԼΪû֪ߵ壬ϻڸİˣ
⻰ͷһ㶣һҲ˵ͬĻֻΪһƣͬڶֲһ
ѵ˵ı˲ɣϢǴǱߴһΪгԹ˿ʵȻûϢ֮Уˣɶû뵽һȺСһﾹȻϷŪιȥһҪǺÿ
Ȼ룬Ϊɽٸ֣ȨޱҪǾԼã͹һһɫ
˵Щеûģûһ·ߣǲ鱦͵ħŶԵУû׶֮ء
ôĿûҵ׶֮أ㽫˵ħŵʵ̣Ǳ˰ɣ
㣡Ĳ
ȻĲҲһҪһ֪߶һڧ϶
˵ʲô
ž֪ˣɣ
һһӣͬӵĹâǰ޽򣬺ħ״¸øʲôУ˸ռһΪ֮Դ뽣֮еСΪꡣ
˵޽ΪһСնɱ˼ɽٸ֣ѪȫУɽСһ֣˵Ȼֻɽħޣȴܷӳʮɽٸֵս
ټԼԻɶʮɽٸ֣˵ŵۺ񣬿µһҲͲˣһΪθֻǰɽ̡
Ȼһһûչ֣ȻҲ֪Ϊʲôţ¶
˵޽򡯿һ˽Ĵɽ⣬ҲŮߴҲУȻǲΪ˽֧ȴ֮޾İ͹
ֱ桮޽򡯵ħŸ־ûôˣŽ֮йϢĸѾоһ㲻ʰɱ
λ˽̫ͣٲħֻ֮Ҫ˴ҪˣҪб򲻿ɳɣ
Ϊﵽ磬ûУﲻҶʤľǲܵġԾʵڵġ޽򡯣ڿͷɽٵĴ֮£ǿʼ
һħħõ󷨣ͬʩչͬɽٸ֣ħڣħͬʱã֮󣬿ԳʣС硣
ֻħǿ󣬵Եʮɽ޽ǽﵱȼϣΨΪһ޽̺İǵʫɶѽһһϣ˵ݣŽչĿĴա
һæõħһնɱ֣Ԫ޽ӲȻǲԶ
԰֮ҷһߣһ޽֮УԶǺһƬħһЦһָ޽С
޽Ϊɽ鱦һħ񲻱ڵģһϢ͸ȫһɹϯˣɽٸֶĸоͬʱһ̰ʶʼ໥
ɽ鱦ȻǶɽ鱦һżΪɽ֮ãһëͷСӾͻöɽ鱦ֱûѽ
ɱɱܵõɽ鱦ܵõһɽ鱦ΪӶˣѽ
겻һһĲСӣôõɽ鱦ɱ¾Ҳֻõһħѽ

Щʶ̰ǱŰǼʣΪ׵Ŀͷһѣ׷Ϊʱһִ޽ԭǿޱȵϢӿһȥˡ


һ ڿϳ
һһֳֽһһǵһɱɽٸֵֶΣֻ뵱תʵǿȻǿȶﵽһΡ
ǽڣ˸о·޵׶Ȼ޽ӴޱȵϢ˽ȥ
⻹ôȻһ֮ʹһʲôѽ
ҵһõľǴɼǿ¡²λʦ
˵ǰһӳɵսħħڸ֣˵ⷬڳħŸֳԾѡ
һҲǶɽٷɽԭ鱦һﱾأ˵ɽټ鱦һʲô֮ԽʩչֶȻǿ󣬵һֻҪһ׸ˣ
ͷ⻰ڶʱ˱ʾͬϲҵģһٶ˥ߣԵܡǿһҲ㣬˵ϣɡ
һûǵȴ̫ãȫһЦһ޽֣𡮴޽֮еĽ⻯ɿռĽ⳯ħɱ˹
ˣСģ
һĵĶɽħòæѣ©ɴֻⷬѲûʲôʵãΪھԲǰһж׹
̼䣬޽ħһֻħǶɽٸֲãȻסһû˻عĿŵڶ޾Ľ׹أˢȥ
žડ
һ촫ħһĤڳܲĳһСѷ죬˺顭ŵڶĤĤݿƵ飬ħûܾڶʼ
һĻŵõսľħڸҲ¶ɫħҲɫףһ˲ϡ
ߣ
һɽԻ⣬Ե˾Ҫħ˲ӳħƬ̲ͣݻҲһҪܡ
ߣȻ˾ɣ
һͲֻ֮ǱֱģԼ·ˡЩħŸֱ֧ʹǰԸԼ޹£ɱġԼԷߣ̾޽ĺպٴ׷ȥ
޽ǽϽ󷨶ɵĽ󣬱ƿռ֮Чȫ߶ռ䣬ٶ֮Ҳһգۣһ׷һȺħǰ档
ͷܣ
޿ռ䣡
ɽ׼ͷжʱһ޽Ľռ䣬һ⻮ƿռ䣬ռѷͳɽҧ϶ȥ
ħŲô
µ˵ЩϻԼ˵ʲô룬ҿѾǲ˰ɣ
һħţԷи߽׵Ҳ£ΪС޽򡯿Խ˵һûˣԴӮûġ
ۼ޽֮£ħţɽʩչֵסȥˣ˺棬Լܡ˭֪Щ˷ǵûΪǼѹ޽룬Ϊһ
޽ɽѹһ磬ֻܶһ֮½뽣ġؼʱ̣һٵ飡
һļᶨΪλ˵ĺкԹԵ֡ʱǽл˼֣ͣҲںȻֻһͨ쳹صİ׹⵱ͷ£ֱֱڡ޽򡯱ϢΪڡ
ߣ
޽һв֪ǧ飬˵ÿһ仯ͷһת˲ʧռ֮סɽĵطתȥ
һ£Żֿɽ꣬һսħŶɽ汻䵽ʱһͷۻع޽Ѿסֻݵһģ˭͵Ϯͱ޽гΪµ֮Դ
޽б֮ܣһɽΪ֮Դʹõ٣һһɽٸ֣˳֮£ħŵĶɽ͸᧿Σ
û뵽һȻһôۺĴת⣬ֳַŵٲ׹Уһɣħ档
ۼħħڿ֣ȴҲֶֻʱһ⻪һ
һӦЩϢǹһ˿Цڿϳˣ


һ ໥
һƬ⻪аָƮݣƴƮϢȻһһɵĴڣ⻪ɢȥ¶ſΪ˲һԪڶɽĻ˭ˣ׻һһٸ
Ϣ֮УһԸӦųҪ˵ǻֻʱǲż飬ħڽһǲԼҲǺһĶһ˿ħҲ֮С
һУһ˵չװģ̷һö鵤ڵʵϣǷֳʶ޽ȥЩħͷȥˡ
ʱ֮һתŹԾĿˣ΢΢һЦǰкû뵽ĳƬ̣λѾˣλЦЦˣ
⻰ɫ䣬һĸһˣҪ͵ˣΪǿУαعҶ
һҲ̷΢΢һЦ֪λγƺĳ״ǻ˳׿²ã
⻰æǰС˵ǣϵһ£λҶ̫ϳϣı˺÷λ貨ŵļ˿κȳٳλǡڵԪ˺ӷλ̫ϳϡ
һܣȻ֪ڽλ̫ϳΪ˫в죬仯貨ʱҲЩ΢仯Ͳ֪ΪˡЩϸڣתͷ򷽲Ÿ˵Ҷıˡ
˷˵˵λĳһУҲ֪ʲôʱģǿս֮ǰǿս֮ǿս֮ĳҲˣϾ֪ǿս֮ǰħ˳֣ڲ࣬ľдˣ
⻰ı󣬱ǻ϶һ˿ΡԭȷʵˣʱħŻһͻֻΪ˿һʵǿҪͨһһˣպĺռǲû֡
ֻû룬ʱ䣬תƵһȻΪǿƣΩħֹؼʱΪҪְæħšƻɣҲɣǲڳ䶨ʱ֡
һ˽Ҳ֪±¶šڳǸϣ˾һΪ⣬һɢл˿Ȼ˵
С˵ЦˣֻżֻǼСͻһȺħŸ־׽ãžòس֣ڷϵСѳֲպ⵽ħ˼Ǻޣһ£ֻСֶͨϵһ°ˡ
һԣ˼ĵ˵ͷ˵ҲˣֻǴ˵λһȺħŸǰĿĵؾǴ˴֪λкνͣ
һ˵࣬һһȥɵ˵ڲʵһ͸ݣֱӽ˶ɻ⻰˼˵Ȼǻͨ籨ţҪ
˻һٳȵɵ϶סˣǷһǰԱıϳȵˣУеĻ˵ֽڹϣɵħȻҲк˽¹Ǿܵġ
ɵ֮аħᣬСûȷ֤ݣǲҪ˵ĺã໥ζûУ̸˺貨ŵκȳҲ˵
һԣֻ΢΢һЦĿɨڳֶľҶź貨ţһԪһֱڣһֱΪöھĴһԣԲ
ʱ÷øɬڵĪ빴ħţԷӦȻƴɣ
⻰϶תͷĿ⿴һһǻ˵Ҳ˿壬ԵһЦ
ħŹᵹ˵ϣش٣綼ڴ֮УҪȹ²ǵܹȹɵ֮Ҳ׼ȥħţֻû뵽ûȥǣǾ˰ˣ
û뵽һȻֱԲĽƻ˵̹ⷬڵɣһʱ֮Ȼ˲ĿȴָܹʲôʱһֱĬһſˡ
վС˵Ȼʮÿζϯ磬ѣǽƾɵһ֮Ҳɴ£ħҲʧΪȨ֮ơ
˵껪תһСѣ»ĳλΪȻĳҲСѲûʲô顣
ΪһԪڸ֣һﵣ˫޻˵һ˵ֻǵĵ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ʱһֱһԵԪ˺վ˵˵ͷųһ


һ ˣϣ
ڳ˶֪һ֮ĹϵһΪгɣ¯ΪһˣҲ˵ؼڵϡ
ԪϵĿͰڵмƣһ΢΢һҾСѣˣҪС˵һ£Ȼ뱾Щ¹ڣôЩȥҲó鳾ʵʫżУСͷǰȥ뽫ٻأֻʱǨҲһɾͣҲἰʱֻҴСѻ֣Ѱһʱطţڱضɨ
Ԫ˲ԣһھһС⼸ֱڳΪܹеҵĸǶһ㶡һıֱһ䣬·ڿʲôһ㡣
һҲֻ֣ǡ˼һת߲Ǵһǡϡ۽翪Ҳϵݺʵɽٸֶ棬ʱ˼֡
ãȻСҲ֮պһһŰлһն˵ȻԷ˵⻰ݺĿܣ磬ҾʲôƣҲ¡
һӦԪһЦվԭλãԾŹɽӷһЦ󿪿ͬ˴ˮĸˣȻֻڣλѲ⣬оϡ
Ԫ˵⻰һͰһЦһߣȥˡӷ˵ǲ˷һһۣһ˿ϲ㷽ŵĽжֱ仯
һһ㶣ٿӷ˵εĳһ񣬲˵ԷԵ֮
˼һһһЦһûȫ͸˵仯֣
֣Ԫһ㶣û뵽һȻ֮˵ⷱޱȵĽֱֻ仯ЩŵĿһۡ
ֻ֣һһһƬǺӳǰһǲǺӻһء˵ǡС롮ޡˣ
С롮ޡӷһ㶣Ȼ޾֮仯һԪ֮ʼããԭѾȾ磬ʦľ磬ֻһ˰ɣ
һԣЦֻǽ仯һؾˡӷ˼״ֳһ˿ɫҡͷ̾һͶҾŻɽһɾҲ֮°ɣ˵գתߵԪԱ¡
ΪĴһͻأķʽԼľŶһʲô뷨Ͳö֪ˡ
ݵƽ֮󣬻ΪٴοڵȻѾԼ뷨ҲٲҴţҾʹһԪ˵仰ɣ
һԣֵ̧̧뽲
˵ͷ˴ش٣ʵ֮ƽ٣ͬЭͨɵħ֮Ҫͬͬȴ̫ѡԶԣСˮĸˮĸһУҲ֮ͳ춫ѵõʢٴδΣ֮ʱˮĸˣ֮ߣһԪҲʾͬ⡣ֻ㣬һˮĸСѣһˮĸеı顣ص屳磬ˮĸҲвɣ֪Ƿܹͳˮĸ
ϵǾϹ֣һھǹؼڣȻȻҪ֪֮Ƿܹ˾ڳ˶ȴһĻش
һԹһЦϵĵǣ˵ȤŻԱ飬ĳŮõˮĸ֮ĳһֲٰ졣۾ͲԱˣҪʲôƾ̣֪Σ
˵䣬һöϣһףһ¾ͻһӴޱȵչңˮĸʲô
ڳɽٸֶǷ⹬Ҷʱ֪ˮĸĹؼ֮һΪƾҲй֮޲ˡ
ϵ״ĵ˵ͷãСдȴǿ֤ˣ˵ڶ£СѲҪ֣ǾΪѣҪ˽ʵΣ
һͲµһ˵ٴζԼҲţЦЦɨһۣѵλѻûô
һٴ𷽲ţЩȻֻıһǼĲʵ˭֪ǲˮĸеˣȻЩͷҪɵ˽Ҳǲġ


һ ˣУ
һ⻰һ֪ǼǵʢҲҪĬ֮£ԼʵչʾɱıһжףϿŽп⡣
ֻһ࣬Ȼ黹ڣȴӳ죬֪ʲôʱչ֣ʲôʱֻĿıһۡ
ճ˵ǣ֪ԸţǾˮĸʵǵԸӹ֮£ֻҲֻһܼ飬ʲô£ùɳˣ
ıһΰݺ˽һˮĸʵ˭֪ʢһȻһΪͬһ￪ȥЩϹЩ׽òס֪λظ
ϾˮĸǿֻһЩС£СãպԼһǶԷֻƣպжܳеΣǾ׻˴¡
ʱǻˣ֪Ѿü֮пԵεΣ
һǹһ˿ЦݣˮĸȻʮǰҲǺȻĴ棬ӵ壬һϯ֣ػõģ
壡
⻰ʹӦ֮⣬Ŷֳ˼֮ɫҪ֪ȻһչֳʵΪɵҲֻǼɵˣĴûжϾĴУ治֪жٸ֣ǴΪһ¿ˮĸܹȵùԼ
仰νӵ˼֮ǫ֮˼ȴҪɵ֮еõͬĻȨʵϾзͥ˼ˡ˾ɲǲ˼ˡ
СģҲƫˮĸˣһݺ͵Ҳһ䡣
һԣ֪˼΢΢һЦˣλ֪ˮĸʵҿԼ˵һ£ǾҴʵӦֻϱһС룬֪λⲻ⣡
һС룡
ΪһҪڣ˭֪Ȼôһϵʱʵ΢΢Ծ뵽ƾ鱦ѹɽħ޵һƣһȻͳͷ
ֶμϽܹеùʮɽ٣ѵ˵ˮĸʮϵĶɽٸֲɣκȳɳԾʵ
Ҫ֪ˮĸʵֻ߽ףɽٳڶۣһԼһ˾ֵܵʮʮˣټոɽٸ֣ʮˣϽܹԦͨʵԱš
ȻʵǲȻˣȴͬպж֮Ȼȴ˵ԩͷʹãѰ·
⻰Ҳǲ٣Ȼ޽ݺ޵Уܽɼ鱦ͨ붯ǲ˲ٵġСʵĻҲûľԼˡ
һͷţҲһ˿ԵõЦݣоͷ·˵ˡһ㣬ʱڳһСɧ
ԭˣȻˮĸⷬʵһԪҲӦˣͬˮĸ֮еĵλҲǼʶһֶΣż֣˵ͷΪһԪİ嶨
ںһԪͬ⣬Ҷź貨ȻЩΪѺҪ󣬵Ҳʲô⣬½Ӧ貨ȴһҪǾһ̷ųǴߣſմӦ
ڴ£һҲЩΣϾС׺ͺƷƲͬȻ겻ȴûбֽԼߡǽ̷ųԼ
̱޽֮֮ЩĪһǰļ˿κȳɣ¶֮ɫһ򸣵̶̣үү
⻰˿κȳɶ˶˵ͷ˿¶һ˿Ȱ֮ɫӣȻЩҲһģɾ˺ڣҲ˵ϻԾܾ飬Ҳһȥɣ
ǰһλֳһ˿ϲɫ֮ӳ뷵貨ţܴԭǲʲôɽڵ̶˵⻰Ȼǲٹܴ¡һ䣬Ҫȥ뿪һʱɫͿ
˿һԵһһ˿ԥܿͼᶨҡҡͷݵ̶貨š
ܻȥΪΣ
⡭Ϊ̶һʵͣٴΣ֮ʱȥ̶Ĳ̣
Ĳ̣˿Ϳ̵񣬴һԣҡͷЦ̶ŮΣôλ֪ղкã


һ ˣ£
ü˿˵һ˿ʵԴӵһͬ뿪磬СѾͷͽ˼һϡֻǶһû֣ûкʵĻᣬ̫죬С׺ͺƷζŪûдһ㴰ֽ
˵ƽһߣҲʲô񱻼˿һƣֹ۵СѾͷҲվӲŮ˶ıԣԴԼһǲǡŮΣġ߾Ե޷֣ʱһ˼
ʱһԴϣ̶ǹɵûȻˮĸɵˣҲÿԻִϢȻˣˣ罫ˮĸ˿Ҳ㲻٣ҲԸġ̶˵Ҳǣ
Դҵļ̺⻰һ̶֮ʱһŷС¹ŵľɥһɨգæͷԸ⣬ȻԸ⡣
ۼԼܽٻأȴһһ˿ɫ䡣û˵һͻֵһκˮ̵̶ôЩ꣬ѵ׼һô
Ȼ֪ʲôǽ˹ݸ˿˿ЩԾüһһԪˮ
ԣȻ֪һԪˮˮаһˮعǧɽˮܻӺȴ֪ﵽǲǣֻתͷһ
һ΢΢һЦˮм֣һ۾ͿˮﲢһԪˮеĶ
˿üͷһһһԪˮȻ̸϶ôȴҲѵ֮ȴֻΪ֮ɲԾˡ
Ϊһ棬ʲôûҲ⣬ֻһ㣬㽫һԪˮ֮ķӡƣʱһˮζʱǧأɽٵΪҲץס
ɻ浽ʲôʱ򣬱һԳХһԪˮдһƾȻķƾһͷԳӰҪХȥ
Ǽ˿֮ɫϹˮԳޣ
˻һ˿ڳ˶ԾĿԳӰҪ֪ˮԳϹʱ򶼽еó޼ڡ
ΪƵѪȻѪΪƵѪϡѾûһеֻѡϵѪɣΪʲôҪаǵҡ
ˮԳΪţóˮ֮ǰаǵı̰ѪҲҲʲ۷ȴԶԶ硣
ô˵ҵõˮԳѪԼϵ֮Уʱ˵õȫͨõٷ֮һ츳ҲܹҴĴɴһĵڶһȸ¡
ȻѪҪͨҪ֪ǧʱ䡣Ϊɸˣʢϣ˿жѣκȳʹһɫ˾ȻֳӰѹ
ȻΪѪţ˿Ƕɽٸ֣Ըһ˿Ѫ⣬һ
һԪˮװĺˮ飬˿һ񶼱ˣ˵ֻǿһСǲ̫˳۵СĻͷ·ĸ￴Ůһ㡣
һ񿴵öЩܲסæ֪λɻӦ̶פˮĸΪʹߣ
ͬ⣬һΣ˿ȴչЦգǵԼݣӦתͷԼ̵̶»Լ㲻ԸǰȥҲǿ󡣡
ȻͲ󣬵Ҳ֪ѪͶԼѪҪԡһĴ£һŷҲ֪Ǻãһһ֮ĵ˵ͷ
˿ӦЦһæĿڽ̵ʹǲȥˮĸͬʱ䣬͸Ůһ㣬ɼڡѪһݡƸò⣬һջȥһ㡣
貨ߴӦĴ̸оˡ貨ŴһСթһʺöŸֳԴ֮⣬ȴ۲
һԪͨĪõһö֮鵹Щƽ⣬ΪһĹڣûкôҲͰˣҶҲѩһȥҲһΡŮաƸ񡯡ѩȴ֪ȥı÷޷С
һȻҲЩƵ񣬲ֻ˵ϯħű⣬ôԾȴ뿿Щ飬ƽ˲翿ԼǿԼһʵ£ʮɵҪԴﵽһǹЧͼþա


һһ º
ȷ֮һĴͽϸڣˮĸȨԼλŻţǩԼʽ˳ɹ
ΪոռԼ֮еˮĸĴɵһһǾǴ˴ֶҪˮĸдĴɵų֡ķҪһҲ֪öһչʾʵͬʱҲͶ״ɵ˷ġ
ҪһͲ뵽һȻˮĸЩԿȴ֪ǱȻ飬Բûʲô飬ˬĴӦͬʱԼӴļƻǾڰʱ̽
ƻĴɵЩ㵣ȻҲ̣Ϊٵǰ֮Ϊ˱Ǽƻǧʱĳ־սԶһƻʮָð
мڴˣһóһ׼ɱȡһöڸִڴһ֮ÿһ϶һ˿֮ɫ
Сѣ֮˵ʵִӺε򣿡üͷ΢ͬʱ˶һҪһ𰸡
öʱõεȴǲ˵ʵӦ߳ɣ벻žͿλжˡһ˵ȴǼᶨ֮ɫ
һҲԾϾһǶ֪һֻԴ£Ƕֻ»žϰˡ
һҲ뵽Բż˴νҲԲҼ˵˼֮󣬾͸Իط
һضʱݹ⾹ȻȥһԪڻʦֵܡ
һ˻طȻ£Ҳ͵һȣýЦ֪ȥѵָ̣
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һԴɻʵŶʲô黹Ҫרŷ˵ϵ˵޷ĳϴ
ʵ˵򵥣ҲǱŵӷ֮顣ҵѾӷƿе֪Ǽʴ飬󱻵޲ɹһ¡ֻҵҲ֪粻óóȻع򣬷򲢷ʲô£ԽԼһ
һἰ󣬱£ϾʱǴãǸʵԼ֪Լк˵
һûзԣ΢΢һЦ˵ԼʵҲδ磬ȴСһ£֪˴δ٣ϯ磬ؼʱ̣ʲô©ϣҽҰ£֮½˵Σ
һȻĵ˵ͷһЦµ޷ֻǲ֪ȴ¹󣬴飬׼δã
ԣüͷһڨڨһЦСѷģ⴫ȻǷƷ֣ȴСѻָͱδȻҪСǡƶ˾ã緢չһСѵõϢ˵²ǷչΨһˡ
һûΪУֻҲ뽫֮һ˹£ûһҲͬ⣬˼һת˳ˮ
ȻˣһԪˮĸͬΣ˼Ϊ緢չףܱ֤⣬һãֶΪ
û뵽һȻ󷽷ĽôһöԼ֮ͬͷòϣ˲һĸйٴԭ־񣬽ǫѷңųжȵ֮ϡ
Ȼ˶£ͷ˴룬ΪѵĶһ˵Сѣһ£ħɽٸ֣ΣС˵ǳԭΪΣ˭Ļ󣬷Ȼĳѹ£СѻţСһ˵
һ֪ɵ϶ǹһ˿ζЦݵϷģĳλϲû¡ֻӴˣʲôУݬҲ⣬ֻϣʱҪƫ̻ǣ
ǰһ䣬Ϊһ֪ͨûз˵䣬뵽һ˵ȷʵܣܱ֤ЩϹû˵ܱ֤û֮й¶һ±֤·¡
뵽˴ЩΪѣתһ룬һ㣬СѼȻץЩħͷȻδħˣǿƴãһҲǲɣ翴˭йܣս²ҹζࡣ


һĶ ħͷ
˱ɷǣ˵ĸоǺƣ˭֪ͻأ˵һһЩ΢Ծܿ׹񻪳˲֪꣬мģɱɳȻƽмӣɱͬҲԲգ۾ġ
飬һȻ뷨Ҳ˻ܹͨһԪڵӽЩ飬Ȼٺòһ޲ɣڽĺôԶԶй˽ĺá
Ȼˣ뻪ɣ
˵䣬һּͽ޽򿪣̬Թ˽ȥʦֵҲҲ˽ȥ
޽һһͽ˴һڣ˴ǿͷӡĵط޾Ľ⴩磬һȡԪһ淴ӡͬǳԳɷԲһ㡣
ֶ޽ĸԴڣģԪʼ̬ԪΪ̬ﲻȡΪ
⡮޽򡯵ĸһûε˼ΪҲ֮Īе취ܴɣֶΣҲûԵá
κ˿һ۾ܵõؼϣοԺ֮УΪ֪
Ȼ˼޽İأ𾪲ѣֻǶ꾭ҲжߣһҲÿӣܿͽ˼ڿͷϡ
ٿӵѣ겻û뵽ѳΪ֪֮кθп΢΢һЦͬ˹һ㣬ȻǽõĹ˰ˡ
ڲֵ֪ħ֪ᣬ˵͵ŻʦֵܣԼһԵһƵֳһ˿
ӣû뵽㾹ȻСӹᣬãããȻˣɱҾɣҪһԪڸҲʱԱ֣
˵գٿٲ˫ĿҲ΢΢ţƺڵȴ˼״ûαʾȴЦ
ٿΪɽٸ֣Եȴݱ˳ЦŭӣɱɱȻЦϷб½ҷſսһ¹˭֡
˵Ц˵ٿӣҵȴ򽻵ҲһˡҵȻԸ㣬ħһԪڵ⣬Сѽ׽ãұ޹ءҪ֪ʢٿɲҪ˵̫СѲô飬ĽɱˣħڼΪ㱨Ƕٿӻʲôô
ٿӱľħڻΪҪЮ޿֡˭֪˼һƣʱҲЩˡ
ٿӲħͷҲֻ֣һȻˣСʲôѵҪϷľ಻ɣ
֪ٿӲҲ죬΢΢һЦȻǰģСɵˣҲСɱǶǻǰһϣ㣬ҲһᣬֻҪ㽫˭˸淢СѵϢ˵ҾСѽˣΣ
ٿԣüͷһ壬Щŵѵô򵥣
˵˵ͷô򵥣ϾǶһ֣˺ħսľ¿ǣټûҪƭ㣬һжġ
˵Ż˿һһ֪ҪԼĳŵ˵ͷȻ˵ĳȻȴ֮ϾЩͷˮĸ˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
ٿһŭ뵽֮ǰĻһʢԼɱˣӲסҸҲǲԣֻȥ鱦黹ɱңҲ˵ģ
ðٿһֻһЦôĿЩ鱦ĳսƷ;ܿڣͱˡ
˻һһϵɱð֮ǰսħһ޶ʱԶûʲôýˣǻʦֵҲЩ̾һΪʲôܹƾ轣֮ͲȺħ
ٿӸܵϢǲɵһ飬Щоɱ⻺ſ˵ǲԸҲͰˣֻ뱣֤˺һӡ
һǹһ˿ЦݣƺλѾĿǷΧ˵ͷȻˣ˵ɣһسŵȥġ
ٿӼһЦЩ죬ŻڣΪԼݣһҲ׶㽫ԼεõϢϢԴһһ֪
ԭõϢʲôϸֱӽϢͶħڵڣҲ˵ֻҵħ֪µˣΧϢĸԴֻ֪ɵ˴һŲ֪


һ ֶ
ʰٿӣõϢ˭ָֻ֪ȴɵдϢǵûдﵽԭĿģʵ˴¡
ĿĻ˼ΪѣһٿӣĶĿֶΣѵֻ֪ϢɵˣһŲ֪ô
ٿӲмһЦԱݻڴ٣֪ڼ飬ɵһ˿ڻӣԼԼڲε֪
˶𰸻Щ׼ʣȴסˣٿӵȻħˣҲм˵ѣȥһʱˣǷϢɣ
˵ţ˿һһ֮ԵõǸ֪˼ͷһһЮ˳һ²ȥ
ȥãһ⻪³ڰٿǰһģֻʵ飬ˡ
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ʲô˼һЦһҵ˼ܼ򵥣ȻΪ˺ôҪΧɱǱΪβͬ㣡
ٿüͷһ壬һ㲻ôɱңħڻ鷳ħսôˮȣ㲻ôġ
һԹһЦû뵽ħͷȻô࣬ƾʲôΪһںΣѵ֪뿪磬ȥӿôΣǰúã
ٿһͣû뵽һȻô뵽ԼҲ˵뿪磬ҪҲҪٹȥˡһԼ֮£ٿӶһⷬ˵˼֡
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ٿӼ״к䣬ܿ͸оԼƾ׽ٵϵգеӡȻ˿̽ʼ׽
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һʩչ̫ϵĽͨһ˿ϢѰԷԴڤڤ֮ҵʩڽɽٸֵȨƣٿҲˡ
ֻһַһոħʦж˴֣νʮٿӶصĻᣬһپ׽õӡĴڡ
̫֮
ԣǽڽٿӡȫץסһ˿˿һһ֮¡ͬʱһԺжһٿеĽͷ񶼾ɢ
ٿӣӼǱ£һһҼ֮¡㲻飬һսӡĥ𣬼̶ýƽ㣬Զ˵
һĻﴫڰٿӶͬ׹꣬Ȼ֪Լ˵ɼоΧ٣¾һǰһݵ°ٿӼϡ
һĵ˵ͷܺãʶʱΪܣģȻո㣬ҲὫߣħ̫ϳϣξΣǱҪҲٻ㡣
ٿɫԥ֮ɫǴӦһķԸ֮£ԭشһһת۾ʧ

ȴ˵һߣһ뻪һ·ȥɽħͷȺʣյĳĽҲǰٿһ޶
˿һһ˿ΣСѷģ˴μȻɵڲ⣬Ȼһ͡Щħͷ֪СδãƶһԪڵӣĨȥ£ǰҲ𡣡
һԣ֪Ҫ˼һת΢΢һЦȻˣǾͻϣĳǾʹ˽ǷŻδ̫򵥣ԴΪƾħ϶ԸΣ


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ȷʵһ룬ҪһΰæħŵĶԹһӣ˭֪һȻ飬Ҳһ
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⻰ʦֵܽһʾͬ⡣һ״˵ͷһУ⻪תԭһգٿӵȺ֡
Ȼһ·ѯʹһͽǾýո֮£˶ҶһŭĿӡ
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ˣһԲɹȻûȫˮĸġΣʦֵܰбʾպħŶˮĸһһԪǰæڴ£һʾĸм
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ڻʦֵûпƣһģΪԼֶаٷְٵģο㿴ƣһ룬֪ǵ޺磬棬Ի˵ǻҲƻ
һ˶̶ղһ˽ɵˣħҰϸȵˣÿһޱҪú塣
Щһû˿ƣ˼Ϊ֮ش֮仯ȻΪ壬ȴԼо
СУǴ֮УԼ֮áѹϹʿǿƣˣԭЩеֶκͷʵжôԶԣЩ쳵ˣдȱ٣ǧ޷ջ䡣˵ҪӵУöзɡֶֻҲģö಼ֶΣŵ˳֣˳Ȼչһ֮Ӧ顣
뵽˴һһ˿Цݣĳ䣬һЦƿնȥʧãã޼ʵĶˮϡ
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һ Ϲ
һֽ룬ͷһ㽫ݶǹһ˿ЦϹˣȥ
˵䣬תͷԼһȺͽ΢΢һЦ˵˳֮⣬ڷ֮У̸ûлֶҲֻǿЩˣվҪ׸ȴѧѾЩݣȻһս󣬵ûĵɽ𺣣ֶˮĸӭͷʹǾǫ̃һս͵ƶǵĿɣ
⻰һڵӱͬ޵ĴƣӶ˼ԨĵӽƶɫȻдһΣʿɣӣԼħ޵Ӷж˷֮ɫ޵ߵһȻгѷ֮⡣
һһ۵ףһȺӵƢƷжΪ˽⣬˷ԣ˵׼ߣ˭֪ʱСףƷƺͼҲѶǰһҪӳȥʵսҲӧ
Ҫ֪ŮǼ򵥽ɫСѪ֣һʵԽ⣻ƷħħŮ鱦ҲСȻûлţô˽֮ҲսܡŮӧһҲþܾ
һͽ˰׵һβʲô㲻Ҳ󰭣ֻҪȫ֮£ްȴû⣬֮һƿնȥ
ȴ˵ĳϣһƬϼţԶԶȥΪƺڷ̻ǽ˲ܷʲô̻Ƕַ
ٽһЩܿǷӪޣһߴɫԣһʮɫˮĸ̵ӡ
ԭǰһɵ֮󣬱㰲Ų𣬽ųɾŵ嶼ƾӵˮĸһڱ˲ϴ񣬳ΪµͽӶΪ̵ͬ׵ļҰսڵڶԭǾǿյĶźòøս
Ȼˮĸ֮ⷬ£ųֱ룬õͽ̷ֶȻ˹;ù졣ʢɢ̸߲ſտˣɲ̽飬շʿĴڣܵǿķ
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ȻǿʵϷŹôһκûᣬµ׼ڽ̵ֿ֮̽ܵ̾Ȼеĳ۽
ûǲʮ˷ܣΪ˵֮иǿʿϴ񣬿ԳΪµͽ
Ծһ֧Ĵڴѹʽ롮ķΧʱǽգҲһ˵Ϲ
ȻϹߵʱ̴ѹͬʱˮĸ¶˲ԵľǶԭԤ屶ϵĵˣҸֲЩˣԭ֮Ȼʧȥ
ֻˮĸÿͷһöʵ֮ͻµĹâֵˮĸڽתϴֻƾΪߵͣʵǳս
ԭϰ֮һߣͽ˻Ϊµͽٰ㲻ӦЩʿʿܽʿ˲ѡ
ֻǲ֪ȫһ֣֮Դ֮һ֮ڹۿԴ֮󣬲̨֮е汮ƶɣС
ܼӳֹ֮ȴһãǾܹ֮ϵа֣ҲǸ֮ţ˵һһ׼ļɱ֮һ
ˮĸ˽ΧͽʱһҲһսϣƣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
˵Զʤ٣˿ʤ֮ɣˮĸؽãҪĲһӲӲ֮սһʤֻҪһõĿͷ֮ٲˮĸضһ飬㲻ܻظٹ⣬ԶȹشҲпܡ
ȻսҲû¶뷨˿ָ˼ߴӺСɱȥˡ
һԼս룬նûܹĴڣýսϵĻ״Լɱӡ֤ͨȻ֮⣬Ҳһ˼۲Էһ


һ ͽܷܣʦͨ
ˮĸսϣÿһˮĸռţ˵ѹԵΧɱ̵ӣֻ̲аŽɣȻСƲմȾˮĸӣҲԼֶΡ
ֻе̵ڱѹƣ£һʲô塯֮󣬶ʱһ㣬ٶȡ񱩵ȵȶһ˲䣬ս֣ѹˮĸӡ
е̵ӻַų֮ĿȫľֱսνηûȫľֱȡԪʮȫʹá
ȻЩҲ˵Ͳ˵Ī̵֮УΪǿλߵĶоԵͳһʿܽʿ¾ʮϰ£һսΣǿԱȻһܹŤתս֣Ҳˮĸĸֶæһ

ֶǸħܽӲһγɳȻԭ
һԡСӡǿ֮ʴֶΣˮĸ˵ǣʮٱҲһʤȴԶˡ
ȴ˵һԼͶս֮УħͬӣȻвͬе˲ӦսеսϢЩȶ֮⣬֮󽥽Ӧܿ¶ͬѰֶ
дľ˫ޣһá̫ϻ칦ʹľ䡯˫޹ǿԭһ֣˫ϵͬһһϯܼ
ԪӤһĴʿֲסȴҲɫ˿·硣ѵõǣǿ֮һֽսֶһʹҪѪ˷ʤ
ڶ˼ԨΪӣʫһݴٰһ£ڵõͳ㲥һţɷѽʮʱ䣬һٳɹͻԪӤһʹȻʦ֮磬ɱͽס
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ôһСе֮õһơɵѪ֮ս֮ϣȻûл壬Ҳ̹ͬȥͽ͵ֵס
ĵӽƶӶ̣Ȼһһħһͬһ£ǾʶҲǶϡһս󣬼ֶΣȻԽںͺڵΪӭսʿֲܣνѵá
Ҫ˵һ˵һߵӣ꣬һ²ʳڣҲΪ׺񣬵ӼͣľԣΪΨһķ޵ӣƽΪһҪʩչҲ֪
һڣԽֶξչط֮һö־ӰȻ֮вûоѴͨȴʮСͨһ࣬һʩչȻп֮ã֮ǿʦֵܣƣ˼Ԩ֮¡
ԼµӴһҲΪϲС˷ǲõġֻŮ֮ͬɨûֵܹʮܽʿ֣Ҳֻܱ仨ˮ
ڸĴڣϸͲ࣬类ˮĸȦ͸ڳһõģԷĴ󵨵
һսΪ̵翹Ȼ죬һȫԳӵӡʱˮĸĵڶ֧ڳ֣ʼĴΧЩɢ̵ӡ
һڣƣʱ䣬ޱɱħͬʱҲͨС̽ˮĸӣ̵˼ϴˢѾ˵ͨ
ȴ˵дСͨʮ֮ͨͫ౦ľʮСͨǣ䣬̨䣬䣬ɽ䣬䣬̤֮Сת
ΪڶͽΪͨȻͨ쳣ûӣԭֻǳΣͨڳ죬ж౦ľȥϷĲͨѾСɣٱǰ
СͨΪֶΣʮӵ˶ʮа䣬ӷ䣬Ʒͫϻ䣬һҶĿӡȣҲ˵ŴСͨһ֣һһ˾˶ʮ֣ĿۣѾﵽɡȳɼϹҲټû䣬ķҲԴﵽ̶ȡ
һͨϴϣüͷһй⻪仯Ȼڣʼתͨ


һ Ѽ
ֻһй⻪任һСͨķɳд䣬䣬䣬䣬䣬Сת
У䣬䣬ͨһŹȦᴩ䣬ܲ룬СתһȦΧơ
ģͨ֯ɵĹŽᣬԸоһ˿ռ֮ϵ·Դһ硣
ĳ֣һǹһ˿Цݣֻһ̣һȻը飬ɢӰ١һֻÿЦҡͷһֻͨΪͨСͨûдɣͨ顣
һͨзҪʮͨ϶ɣǧӣ֮ṩ޾ķкųԻޱߵһʤͬҲǷ֤Ĳš
һͨΪ֤ɷ𣬶Ϊպֵܳķŵ֮ɵͬ⻯һĴѽٰˡ
ȻⲻһԼĲ룬ǲѽ٣⡮зͨΪһ޽Ŀ鲻ͬȻͬ޾ķӣṩ֮зºͣƫھʺԼ׺˵פء
һΡзҪʮ֮ͨǿᣬζ㲻ϡҪᣬ˴ĵͨ䣬ӡƣز䣬ҩʦ֮⣬ҪΪ޽ӽ˾磬Ϊͨͻơ
һҲǺңԶ飬ֻǼƻպΡԵһɹҲģǼĥͨʱһʶɨĿռӹһ˿Ϥĸоӿͷ
룬ǹһ˿Цһԭѡһʧԭء
ȴ˵ˮĸ̵ս֮ϣһԺӹȥϢֲ̫мأΪ͵ȴһһ·ɳۣȻˮĸء
ۼˮĸΧ׷һԲŷɢԳĿ㣬˸֮ɫȻǵһ·һ򽻵̵ʮҲǺ󻤷
ǶɽΪֻǱȵһǱģȴһĶǵ
ģ˵ֻ֮а˴֣ҸΪôһΧܹһɽٸ֣һǾԪǽϴ񣬳Ϊ֣Ǵ顣ֻû뵽ССһƬȻôʿΧһ־ɽ١ɶʲôȻ뵱Դ֮һ㣬ܸ֮ʴһвżȻһиں֡ѵ˵ħ󵷹ɣԣħ֣ɱ֣Ȼô򵥣ǱߴԶһ𣬱˴µıҲѡˣˣΪ뱻𣬷֮̽أεص̺ÿЩֵļһ
뵽˴󻤷תҪ붫˭֪תȥȴ㵵ķһϢվŵ͵سһӳһ˫ȥֻǸԾǣһ˫ȻǼæ֣ҲСϸʹһ㡣
ǡ㣡
󻤷Լκˣû뵽ȻΣÿһζԼԱˣһ
һһ£ȻĿ󻤷΢΢һЦʮŶԣӦǻˣ֪ôææȥδ
󻤷һ㶣һΪ뵽ĴţһЦԭڵͽȥʲô£ѵͶ̲ɣˣΪϴ񣡡
ϴ񡯶һڣ󻤷һ˿ɫ˾ͻһ⳯һһ״ǹһ˿ЦĽһӣһƬ־ͳǵȥֻһ죬ǽ⻯ֺ󻤷⾹Ȼͬʱըը֮Ӳ󻤷е˳
Ǳѵ󻤷һ£ϾͲ·Ǵ鲻٣תԪᷨ£¾һ±Ҫ㱼
㱼󻤷עȫһϣΪղһȻ͵ϮһֻкڵΪȻֲֽǣһϸоһֿ֮
˵Сֹܹ֮ʴҲֻʴˣ˫Ե֮ȴҲҪռСơȴܹ֮ȫͬˡ


һİ Ϊ²
㵽˭󻤷ϻܹ֮뵽һ뿪磬ѯʵ
һԣȻʧЦ˷Ų˵ұڵͽһǣѵ˽Ŷˣһһݣ㻹֪
󻤷һ㶣ɻʲôݣ
һָָ̧󻤷Լܿ⻪ڣˮĸһ̫Ϲ
ˮĸ̫Ϲѵ˵һжˮĸĹ󻤷㵵
ˮĸģֻǵԱˣһ˿ûε˼
󻤷ԣƺ뵽ʲôɫԻ͵û뵽Ӹλǿϲɺأ֪ˣ̾Ͳдʱ֮ȫᣬѷһ̶к񱨡
һ󻤷ཻ֪ԷƻӲĲģͷЦѣȴ¶һ˿Ȥı֪ʲôΪ񱨵ģ
󻤷һѯʣΪϷһЦڱһ⣬֪ѿ֪ɽٳɵĹؼڣ
ɽٳɵĹؼһû뵽ԷôջԼ͵ùഫУ֪ɽٳɳ˱֮⣬Ҫ޴ںϣܳɡԷаģ뵽Ҳ˵㿪ڵµǲ֪Ըꡣ
󻤷һȤͽ֮˵һ£ͬǻˣ֮ɣἰĵõ˷ͬǻ˸ԴͬΪ˫޵̬þǿԵķǿȡˣ˸ԴɣںֻҪȹɾɵ
ֶΣѾ֮һҲĿ·һƬءȻϸΣ󻤷ûἰĴۡ
󻤷һ⶯֪˵õջ󣬱һѻѣ֪Գ֮뷨˷ڣ񹦣֮ҪռΪƾ˷˵ư򣬻øɵĻᡣɵΪף̹ͬĵˣ˫õĴ䣬ʱƽ磬ʮϵĳɻᣬʱʣɾɵȻ׾ٵˡ
˻ڣһɣһ˵ȴһͷܿƽȥͷָž״̬ȴһȤ
˼򵥣ҲʧΪһѡֻһ£һҪ֤һ£ŹΪû𣬶Żἰ񹦣Ҳ֪ںη磬ٴΣ֪ɷҰݼ
󻤷ԹһЦԭˣû磬ҪҲδɣֻҪһͬǰ̵ĴӪʱˣ˵ûܵô͸ӸĹҲδ֪
󻤷˵佫ƺˡ̬֡ҲԳ·ȫȻûзŵĵжԣǷſĵĳһʱһƺΪ˵ܼ񣬶˷ܲѣûз״
ͼ󻤷һֻʮɲʱһƿ֮Х֮ͣȻǶɽٸ֡
󻤷ɫ͵һ䣬ͺһһȦǵһǶȥͬʱͻ˫ۣͬһ㳯һȥһʱȻһԽס
ʱ˸ոոϵɢݹݿ棬Ϸ򸾣ˣɽٸ֡
Ǳ󻤷˭֪Ȼʹ˳Ƿ֮󣬱Ϊ󻤷ѾܣҪطˮĸ˭֪һ֮̽£ŷֶԷȻͣȻ壬Ϊ񣬲ò㷵˼һ·׷
ӰǰǱΪ壬һ֮أǲҷ˾ͻȥ뿪ںʼʱɽٸڿһӰʱס
󻤷һһ֪֮ԼҪѺѡתһ룬һƣóĽһסĿǽ׽ãһˮĸͶԼѣǿоһڵȨ֮еõȻ
ɽټץסһסʱԼļƻóѣԴһݵͬʱڶɽٵԳˮĸʲô̫ϹزǼڱϣʱҪ£ݹɱ֮ͬھ
˻һɽ϶ʱֳɫնһֻһŷ²Ľɫûдǡ


һľ ׽󻤷
ݿʱ󻤷оԽԽ˽ӽ뵽ǸǰҲѲá
һʱ䣬һ˿ԶɥʧƲͷӿһ˿죬ݿŭȻˣǾͱҶˣ˵䣬ͬʱһ⻯ͳһͷȥ
˲䣬󻤷ڴĻţûдڶɽи֣෴ЦӣͬС󻤷ûܷӦʱһߴֱߴͬһͷ
ǿϴȥν񣬿»ܷһ·ӣȻһʼû㣬ȻˣҾûҪϷˡ
⻰󻤷תͷֱߵһﻹˣʮ֮⣬һӰ֣һ˭ˡ
ֻ鲻֪ݿ˼һʱϲݵµ˼̫Ϲˣд˴©
һԵ˵ͷ˴ӴЩ©Ҳ˴ҲͰˣֻպýҪõӣ
һһԭأתͷ󻤷мϷ֮ȷŸ
һĻ󻤷ʱЩתȻһʲôˮĸ̫Ϲ֮ǰûˮĸֻͷĿˣһʲôСͷĿֱĻһ
뵽һ̶̼ʮ꣬ʹС䣬Լˣһʱƻ󻤷Ҳͷˡ
㵽˭ͬ⣬󻤷ڶһ
һȴûȤشֻЦһ̧һУһƬͬٲɾͳ󻤷ϯȥ󻤷״ȻԾҲ־ܣһһƬͬǻԷ
һƬ⣬һƬǻԣ͵ײһֻƲǻԾȻֵסһ飬Ǳɣ뽣֮УʹýԽԽǿ
ǿƣɣ
󻤷ý˳һתٲһ֣Хһһɫĳͷ͵ըԣӰȴͲˡ
ˣ˾һѵģݿæѵ
һеǲȻжɽϵϢֻڱǰӲˣ
һһ˫ָһ⣬ӶһֻԲһֻȻɷƣԲطζ
Ǭһƣ
һǬһһĿ֮ƻܼ٣ȴãһռѷǰѷһˣ󻤷˭ˡ
죬޽ƿ׽ã
һоֶΣȻûڶɽΪ߶޽򣬵ƾҲܹ߶Ĵ͵һת޽һǿռѷȥܵ󻤷͵һץ

һҽд󻤷ֵһµûУͱ޽ĽУһ˻
ָ̧һ㣬޽Ľռ¶ֻ󻤷һֵ̿ͻҳ壬Ѫһ㽫֮ҪȾн⡣ֻһжͽͣηܳ޽򲻶ϵԽԽƣ
ȻԾһֶΣһԵݿ˻ǾȲѣǾȹңԼûΪУĳȼϣתֻضɡ
һ󻤷һҪųѯʲôһɺ紵ֳһ˿ɫû뵽ôˣҲգ뿴ˮĸҲкô
գԸ䣬ð˺˻ȥִ֣Լݿ棬Ϸ򸾳½ȥûԶһӴޱȵĿռѷ¶ֻһɽһԺһƬƲʣ¥ƿճ֡
ɵĴɵսݣһϹҶԺ̲ƺͨ¥һΡֻ˷ǣһٷڵӣһٿЩѾȫͬˡ
һһ֮£ݿǰˮĸ̫Ϲڴˣɵ³˵
ĴݾҪǰߣݿһֻͣ϶ɳݹ⣬ݿǰＸ䣬ϻ̳ϿֵķɻأƬ֮ÿһַһȺݹ⣬ֻǰͬΪ׵ĶǶɽٸ֣Ҳˡ
һԪڳĿĻˣһӷˣҶı貨κȳɡȻϴһ֣Ǵսݳȫ߶Ҳֵʮɽ٣ҲǲСˡ
ɽټһԼݿˣֳһ˿Ծ֮ɫȻˮĸ˽˼֡


һ ɵս
ٴѾѹϵϴζһ෬޵ıκȳɶҲΪԭɫ˼֣Ѽ֮˾̸ϡ
һָָսݣ΢΢һЦλΪ֮ǰԼǰˮĸɨ˵ģ
⻰Ϊףͷ˵Ϊеص룬ɵҲǷϾԹˣԲǰˮĸеֿħƺͨݺ֮⣬ڴӦɵͣȻûнɹͬˣɵҲܳѲ
˵ħͨݺʱ򣬲ĸһһе˼Ȼ˵ħŶɽٴӦ֮ŵõЧһ״ҲΪӹ˿ߣղĻһЦݡ
ȻˣĴˡȻλǰǸһʣˮĸΧһͽλΣ
λɽһ䡮ΧˡҲԾֻһһûᣬ۸һСȺ̵ӣ໥һ֮Ȼ룬һսݾ͸ƿնȥ
սɽٸֲݣٶ֮Ѱһֻʮ㿴ˮĸ֮ġԼˡ
һƬСһҲǧ򣬶Բ̵һΪڶ࣬ʵʵȡ˾ơԭžˮĸ˼ĴɵĸֵʱĿɿڴ
ѣˮĸڡΧˡôҲûһֱģһôһ̡
λ׳նŽһȺаˣˮĸ˲档뻹ղȫ£λǰ²û˶ʱˡ
һ赭д˵ţڳɽٸ֣ԼĴɸ϶¶һ˿Ծ֮ɫһ䣬жŨŨս⡣
ȻˣļҾͿˣݲóԷаͽѣŽսˮĸսɣı˽֮󿪿ڵ
һ֪طˮĸһβֵȱݣǾȻռоԵƣ̫٣ҪͽסȴҲЩΪѡ
ڴ£һûл伲ҽıʾΪĴŵĻʾ⣬˵ͷʾ֮ͬ󣬾Ĵ׼ֶ
ĴŲ겻Ķڣգһ־¶ۺĵͬΪĴŵĵ˲ƻʶԶˮĸӵܡҪӲ˵ֻˮĸӢĲֲ֮ͨȡ
֮⣬Ĵнֹʮзȡ˵ڣ޾Ұһɵˣ˵ѵصľӡ
ֻĴս֮Уиͳȣһʩųȥ㴫ȥһжȻ˿ûдս֮ʱĻҺͽţһĽɣ·˶һ㡣һÿ뻮һû˿©֡
̶ֻʮĹһΪаԾʮΪؼ󷨲óĴսΪģųһĤԲǧﺣ
һĤһ֣ͼеһս̵ӡֻΪͽܽʿ൱ں֣ƽ֮һܶԸͬĺް
һĤǰ޷ơ֮£Ȼ׼֮ķ󼸺ͽڴһĤ֮󣬻ûڶĤһҶԺ
һҽУܽʿ弶֣֪˶н񳯳ɾͣһжؿڵѪƣ˵뺣С
˵һ˵󷨿һ¶͵ʱĴŵĵҲʼͶ֮ȥˡ
ֻЩӣлŮϻ٣һʩչֶγս֮СΪһķԸˮĸǲûʲôͻܿнӽɵ̵ӽĴá˵ֻǸǵϢʣھܹǵʵ
̵֮оͬʨһĴڣ޵УˮĸӶȡʤССøĴŵӾȻͬɽͻУǵԵͽ˫Ȼһ൱
һ΢΢ԾܿȻˡȻĴ֮ǾľӢ˺ܶ˵Ĺʣȴĥ˵ĴڡЩĴŵĻʯҲһս


һһ ɵ
սĴŵ˵Ӵһһ˼Ҳǣ뵽Լڵӵʱ뵽ǵûݼԼһԱͳ֮һˡ
ֻǺܿԾݸЦǵôۣѣ¶ˣԼҲǸͳ죬˵õʫɴУõ޽˵̫֮˰Լˡ
ǰ縡ƣ׷ƣһڤյü
ɾ飬һгһƪʫȻûʫɵĺƮݣȴľ΢΢һЦûȴ·նʲôһ˿ѡ
һԵĴŵĴɽٸƺʲôһӷˣֻӷһ֮ϣȨ󷨣Ҳˡ
һ̾һ˿ܿɢһܿͶǰ龰֮СȻûе㽣ǰĴȻԵĶǰû˿أȺ嶷ʽֵֶѧϰҲŹ͵ʦĻᡣ
ֻ֮⣬бҲڹ۲ĴŵĵãһХڳ˵Ӷһ˲һжɫĹâ
ãаҪʹа֮ˣѣҪиˣ˿ٵһ䣬һݾͳһԪڵսݡСɽɱȥͬʱҲ׷׸ȥ
һ״ȻЩԣҲ֪ȻǶԸ֮İ취˼һתҪĴʲôð취
Ȼܿ죬ͽͿʼٴηĻ֮֮ܿˮĸӣǼ¼սĴŵϡ
һ£ԭݺްĴŵӶʱͱ֮ѹ˻ȥΪ˷ֹ֮ʴֶζЩ
ȻЩ֮Ҳûн֮ܳڵ֮УɽһнȺܹӽΪɷĵزһɹɷΨΨȻһὣɷӣҲܹ֮ʴްӷ
˽޸֮⣬ޣޣ޵ȵȵ֮Ҳиֵܹ֮ԼɱɼǾ˲֪ٴսĥ
ֵֻӱϾȻܹס棬ŻǿĴǵӶʱͿʼ𷽲ͱ˵ĹƣԵñ˺ܶࡣ
һûзԸ¶ִȣһΪѣΣʱæָճΣվͳ֣ỵĴŵӣĴžֻбķݶ
ȻڱѹûжãһǺӣǽĴս֮дʱЩĴŵĵһֳϲɫһķֻزͷпʼ󿪴
һ³ͻ֮ĽӴ⣬֮Լ޿ײ룬Ĵŵ֮кܿմȾ֮ʼϴ񡯵֡
̫ϹڿɷҪ֣ݿ濪ʵ
ˣĴ괫У꣬ûԼֶΣͱ̴ˣǰսȻԼ취Ҿ۱ǣ
һôһ˵ݿٲ£ֻһһ㣬ʼۿĴŵֶȻãǾͿ
ֻͽ֮Ȼ總֮棬ʼʴĴŵӵԪʱ仯ʴȻڳȴûһŵܵϴ񣬳Ϊͽ
ʱоͫĸǿȥܷ֣ЩŵϾȻһϸϸģʵ˿ƣ˿һͷսݡ
µҲˣһ֮ʴὫЩ֮ͻͨ˿ݵս֮ϣƵµȻʴܵƣᱻϴΪµͽ
һԹսݿĴɽһ˵ĴŵֶΣѡ
ΪǸ֪֮̽һβһġСǶ̾߹һ㣬ⱻƣĴԼ֮ܽһв
ݿʱһȴ˸ĶǷŴͨų֮ڶĿ֮ڣȻûܴɣ̽Ĵŵֶȴֵ
ĿһĴţһԪڣڣҶţ貨ţǵսģȻһʮϢ
һϢڱ˿ҲԶɲ⣬һԣȴʮϤ˽⣬ΪϢıԴϢ


һ 
ѵ˵ҲõķͶս֮вɣ
ͷһͽ֮񶨣Ϊ֪ķǺεȴڣһ֡
ܹ֮õһ鱾ԴȪţҪ˰æԷŹбҶ첻µزµĹպÿ۳ˡ
ǲʵǿʱҪȥȡһ˿²˵ɣҪͨǲܡ
ʣһʩչĴ̽Ӧǻ˵ĴɽڵʱּͨڰյԵڡ
ԭˣĴűռĴǿĸԴڣ֮Ϊ֦ɢҶΪһ䱾͵ߵķϢ˶ϢϢء
һȻֱӳȡ籾Դֿ֮֮ȴܹͨڤڤеϵԴ֮ػ
Ѱʱûʲôֹ֣ؼΣʱ̣ҲеΣաӴʹ衣ʹĴ֮γһĺϵͷ·Դ֮صһ㣬Σ
ͱϾǶܹͣıϾ࣬ĴŲҪսΪԴ֮ҪɽٸͬУ֮
бҶܹѹȡԴϢӳ֣ʹãЧԶܱȡĴ֮еʿҲѰȻ˷ԷԼᡮСȴ˲ٹʹЧҲ˲١
ˮĸ򶫺ۣҲ֮һռ˲٣ܹ˷ˮĸΪ壬󸱵˴⵺ΪսݣȻܽˮĸսӳ
뵽˴һǹһ˿Цݣ񿴳ߣȻֶ֪ΣϲˮĸСʫɴУ޲TħУСӵеһУϹɡ̫ϵĴУͨνǶ಻ֻҪ˽·Ҫֶλԭǿֶβ⡣
ˣҲãһ㲻ۣ֮򵥼ųȥݿٴͶս֮ȥˡ
һɽټĻ˷ŵ󻤷֮⣬һħȻ֮Աȴûѵֻܲϵĵȴ
ݿ˷أʱͽо´ɽٸһ֮˶ڲ¶ԷƴԽʮͱնΡ
֮Ĺ죬˶ɽһѾǽ֮Ĵڣ˵նΣɷĩ¶Ψһİ취ֻܷӡ֮ĥҲҪ깦
һƵġֱӣȡǧٱͨСֱѹǼϡ
һ籾˵ˮһºͣ棬ˣħǿĴͱ϶Ϊߵ̣Ǿͬҩһ㡣
һҽдһҲܸҲ˳֣ų⣬һͽ⾡£ǰɽٸֱͶͽ׵սϣʼɱΪ
սߣһʤƽȫбһ˿Ц⣬̧ȻһŹ⻪žѪ⡣һ󣬾ͽ֮ƬΪ⡣һ̣ſһȻЩ֮
һĻǱ˿ȻҪз񣬵һԣȴˮ졣ֻǽʿʱնɱͽΪʶ˰ٱֱ֮Ǽ򵥵úܡ
һ֮ȥоĵԪȻ룬û˿Ծĵط·֮Ϊ׼ĵҩһ㡣
ôðԵֶΣﶼһĴڣָꡣһûֱܷʣЩﻹˣǼĿտӰˣ۶ǿҲΪ°ˣͷֻһա
üµؾʲô˰ɣʱһ磬̶ΪĶʳ±һտӶֱɾɵΪ
һڣ̴죬ܽа֮Ҳܹ֮㽵֮ǰ̱ɢ۶ᣬ֪ʲô顣
뵽˴һһЦ̧һӣеѪⶼɢ֮ҩˡ


һ ιˮĸ
֮ϣˮĸͬĴһսս֮ϣ᧿Σ̸ֵסϣսȫһߵ󣬼ְĴˮĸһ˵һս
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ˣ˴νɹȫ󹬶෬ĽˣҪһʣĽһаͽǧѡȫһ֧Ҳ¶Цݡ
貨ŵһôκȳҲ߿޵ͽʮֽƻѰ壬һܹ붫ӪϢܹȫΧˣʮʷ֮Ǿ޽еģ
ļǰһǼʶˮĸʵ̽Ƿ񹻸񣬶ǰæ̣ⶫȾ֮
˭֪һ˲һɲˮĸͬʱ˲СһȺͽκȳ˵Ǿ޽еģ˵֮ϲϲ
һμʶˮĸʵһǣȷˮĸѹϵͽ֮ĴŶˮĸԼһսʾʮֵ⣬˫˵̸ϴενʮǢ
һ̸֮ˮĸˣԼĴսսһ˻˷ˮĸȻ˶ƿ̤֮ûлѶʱˮĸ⡣
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ˮĸΧƾͬһ㣬Χˮĸתͬʱųɣǧ֮֮״ĿϾӡ
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һ󣬷ŻڴˮĸʵĴֲֽ²ᣬӷˣˮĸĲãһγɵĴһ˫۾ҪһԵı飬¾ҪȥʵֶˣֻǷ뷨
ǹ˼ʲôģһУʲôܵġ֮ԲҳȥȴӦطʦ裬жɽٸֵΪȴҲס֮еıãóȻֻжӰˡ
ӷеĿ⣬һȴֻϾȻѣǸΪǽ滹ԣǽԼܹȴǲеġ
һ˳ˮĸнմˮĸƣݹӸҵóΪױˮĸһˮ⣬ĵƲĶݹ⡣
ǵˮֱӾͳһȥˮɢ˭ˣĵݹˮĸĴɽٸ֡
˵ͼħҲݿˣټɽٸֳ֣ҲͲٶԾˣֻǶڵһ˵ˮĸʵ˼֡
򵥽֮˵õˮĸУƿˮĸˮĸȻһеСѾͷһ㶣ɫ
һ״֪ʲô΢΢һЦλѴɵǰҲպôﵽ˿ˮĸ湬ʵλѲιһ£
Ȼһƿˮĸβ֪¥ʵЩѷĵʱһЦͷһáһ
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ڻɻʱץͨһΣǽ˲仯ǧɳ̣һͷӴϸһͷľϸľӡ


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һ˲䣬˶Ӧ⡮ͨĵȼǶǶɽٸ֣ΪѰ鱦˵Ȼȴ㲻óԾʲôģɽ鱦ȴͬ
Ҫ֪ɽ鱦ȴڱ˵ǣĴŸԶûмҲ֮һĴڣᶯӵ޲TħĴҲһ޲T׽Ϳɼһ㡣
һõ޽Ƕɽ鱦СѾͷһǶɽ鱦𺳾ͱٶʮɽٸֻˡ
ǳԾĻڴˣΪǵע£;ĽǾ͵һӣȻ֮Ͷƶ˲֪
Ƭ֮һŭһըߴŷͨ£ȻŹӸ߿ֱֱʯ֮ʹˮĸ㣬ԼɼĹĤϡ
Ȼƾ磬֮Լפأ⵽ҪʲôĴɽٸͷɻ
ܿ죬ǾͿ˶ߡֻǿһĤȻֵסǿޱȵ֮ҲˣһĤȻʼ֮֮һɹˮĸ
һɹ֮ԭתĸʼ٣ٶȿΪһ⻷ˮĸ⡣
ǹһ˿Цݣ˲һ£ĸµƴɢ
ʵ࣬Ԫһ
ӣС˫һһϣǹ⻷ٴβɢɫײˮĸϣͬöʯǶϡ
öǶˮĸһϢ뱬洫ƺڴˮĸҪһӴıݺɷ顣
˽ԾΨһһȻһϲɫˮĸôֻǰ
һԽԽԽԽǿ˺ˮĸͲھȻֳһѷܿ죬ڶ㣬㡭ˮĸ㣬ˮĸǵˮĸҲֲơ
⵽Ҫʲô˼״̲סѯ
һԣЦνƲλڴü֤ˮĸƾ£ٹ⣡
ƾ£ٹ⣡һ㶣Ȼãˮĸͨǿɵĸ֮أˣȻĴڡ
ˣڴ˵ɽٸҲһǲǷˡǻݲԣһѹֻܾš
ʱˮĸܲԭԵùӴĹΪ߲·ȹ³˲ɣ֮
ʱˣ£
ǣ
Ӧһһȵʵ࣬Ԫһͨλˮĸ湬
ֻһеͨ𣬵ͷҡҡ׹ˮĸУֻһը죬ˮĸϲ㵽ײ㣬׷ըѿ
ͷãԭ˴ĸ־ҪˮĸȻӵܡһ̣һ澰ǰ
ֻѿˮĸ룬һͨ쳹صĹͬʱԭѿˮĸط׷׷ͨ
ͬʱԭÿһ㶼ֵܵСˮĸȻٴչȥṩչǰյ֮Լ󺣵ˮ
ˮ֮֮໥ųһһͨӰȻֳһָᲢáˮڵϵˮĸеһУ̶ʮˮĸŵԭʮ
ˮĸʮͬʱеĻˮĸĻҲ͵ųȥԭµһ߸ÿھУΪţ˴ûиҺͷ롣
澰ԭˮĸһԾԾԵӷֳ֮ɫ˵ֻ²СĶӲŲһԵĻǴǶô򵥵ˡ
һѵǴ˵еġһɫϴ֮ԴԴѹˮĸܹʮǰưԶˣ
ӷһ̾Ϣʱһע⣬һ΢΢һЦˮĸԭˮĸħһսСŽˮĸ뺣û뵽һʮʱ䣬ΣҲٴοˮĸˡ
⻰ĴŸֲ֪ˮĸγɾͽֻǵͷʾ̺ͬڲԭǿʱͻȻ𵱳սƺʩչʲôֶαһ
һ룬¾⡮ˮĸ湬ǵˮĸ湬չȻռţҲҪ̣һȫû
뵽ܣһȻһƣˮĸϾסͶˮĸ֮󣬵һδĵоѡûд


һ ˮĸ
ˮĸ湬ˮĸķɵϱݣʽؿȻִ٣ȴһʮ꣬ķϵĽ
ٿȥˮĸȻٲǡ󣬵֮ǰϣɵã棬·֮ݣһһڳߴȥȻһɵζ
һΣһóλΪ˳ˮĸȥ¿ˮĸÿһһ˵Ʋƾ£һ٣µζ
ˮĸУԼͨĴм䣬Ȼǵһˮĸ湬Ҳᳵ·СѾͷȻףҲСʱָ㾰£̸˵ȤţٲȻһˮĸ̬˲֮ǰοһСС
ûã˱ˮĸ湬ϲ㣬ĺˮĸڣһϢ˶оһꡣ
ʱһдӷͬ˹һ㣬֮
˻һڳ˵ɫһ䣬ĴǳԾɻ󣬶ˮĸǳԾͻϲ
νָľءض졯֮еĶ죬֮УбأһԪڵɽΪףҪ˵ǿȴҪڵ졣
ֻΪִڣȻ컯˹ٶ֮֮Ǵԭ֮һµ磬ﵽһ⣬е
ֻжԣҲԣԲѰҪЩˣۿɣһһϱءΪʲôˣֻҪŶ붴֮б㰲Ȼǡ
Ȼǿʵܹ磬Ǿ˵ֻɼڣƿҪķѲСԪѰ˶Ը£Զȴڣ֮⣬ǿǣɵľڡ
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ܹ֮۾磬˸֣Ϊʮ괫еһԪڵɣԭ졣Ȼûȹڹرն죬Ҳ޲ԴΪ
ֻͻȻ¿ˮĸ湬ио֮ϢȻǳΣӷԪҲɲòԾ΢ЩҲɻ֮ɫ
һǹһ˿Цݡ֪Ҫ֪οٶֶΣȴǣΪһȫˮĸ湬ɶΣгķ׵ͨ֮⣬Ҫľɼ鱦ͨ
һͨʮǰˮĸжûܷȫܣʹ֮ȴԸһĻչ죬ˮĸƻ˶꣬δʵֵҵɡ
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ˮĸʮ꣬Ȼжϣˮĸ˵ĸ֣ͳֶβö಻˿껹Сˮĸˡ
ԭΪֻǽȫϣһһҲܳΪ֮ˣ̨ͬˡ
̨ͬˣֲһˮĸ˶ʵǰ֮󣬿ЩϼһȲǡ
ҲͰˣˮĸƲɵٲţҪһУ
һɽ֮䴫ݣٲȻѾˮĸڸ֮໹һ˿ǡҲף̲˴УԸĻǸһǿѡ
һԵһȻ֪룬Ҳ񴫵뵽˼֡Ĵŵ˼ɵ󷽷˳ˮĸȥ
ˮĸ֮֮ͨΪۺѾγһСС죬һɹԪ䡣
ԪȻȲĿ磬Ƕɽٸ˶Ǻô࣬һ˼䣬˵˾̲סһЩֻǰӣյ̫԰ˡ
һ״Ҳһ˳ˮ飬򵥼䣬ʱס£ȴʰսˮĸӣԼĴŵǰ
ţȻ˵һˮĸĺøжʱ٣Ѽ֮󣬱㵽ԼʱʼϢȥˡ
ˣһҲԼˣ֮ͨͨ󣬵õͨӦʣнԪ͵ˮĸˮĸ˶棬ԼҲȥ¿Ļᣬȥˡ


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׾Թ϶ʱҴңˮĸ湬գʰսˮĸ˴󲿶ԼĴŵսˮĸ湬ǰˮĸ湬ЩˮĸӶţǺħȶɽٸִ죬Ƕˮĸ湬
˴δսȻưţ˫ʵ⣬վһʤûʧȫûȳɼһδٿʼǰδСԾ飬ɴˮĸ湬оٰһͬʱӷ칦˫ϯ
ϯ֮ϣˮĸΪڶ๦Ĵи߲ͽܳӲμӡ˫ڣ໥Ӧ֮䣬һپеʮǢ
㷹˫Ҳ˵ĸ̵ϢԼֶֿν˽ͽΪˮĸġСĴŵУֻһֱûлῪڡ
ᣬ˴Ĵſһ󽻻ʾԸۡ˭֪һȴڲύǴ󷽷ĽۡСֶ˳
һһ󷽣ȻԼ񣬾ۡСķҲԭڡĴУȴвͬ壬ˮĸɷ׷ף²ɻ룬ˮĸһ̵ľĸš
һĿĴҲ˼˽Ͷұ֮£ЩˮĸսõϢԼصϢˮĸ
ˮĸרаִ̽ϢڼҲϢͨһղŷ֣Ϣ©ĴŲĴ޾ϸ̵һУĵܲûӳǵߡ
֮⣬ĴŻԼҵ̵ֶν˵һܹԴҪѲʱգֳɵֶΣҪҲٲʱ䡣
˵һ˫治١ϯ֮Ϊ󽻻ݣ֮£ˮĸ湬չһΪһµĽ׻ᡣ
䣬ҪǸϡزϣĴṩͨԼ鵤ҩȳƷ
˵Ľڳԭϵˮĸ˵ԳԿƹЩһʱ֮òĲϻȡƷȴˮĸ֮Դȱˮĸսڶ̶ʱ֮
Ĵŵĵ˶ԣһǵõƽҲ벻ϡϣպɱﵤҩսҲ᲻С˵һ׻Ҳ˫Ӯᡣ
˽׻֮⣬һڽͣͬʱĴŵĸ̨ͬ
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ǵţиȫϹ֮ǰǧȻǰ;ǿԣȲϹ֮ûдһ˵ȴʺϲ
һȻûʲôˮĸӶĳЩϸϱһá
ֻ˶û뵽Щ֮ĲĵˣǸϵһ
Ҫ֪һԴӽ֮󣬱ʽϹ֮֮ǿԼֱ̳̫һΪ̫֮ϵͳĴС
⴫Ϲ֮ʺϵĻϹʱȻٶȻиϹڶŸǿվִϹѾ֮
Ҫִ˳УҪϹ֮Ҫִ֮㹻˽⡣һպǳԵǣµ⣬һӡ֤֮£µ
ԭˣϹǿ͵죬ִСΪáܽľ͵ǽϣδ˳棬Ҷɣ
ͨԣȻϸڻûȷʵһһĿԼҪߵ·νá˸û뵽ʵǿһȻҪ͵ʦǾԽԽ
ֻ޲ɢϯȻõģϾܳڽСھΪµѺ÷֮Ĵ¸ϵ˾ͷش½ȥˡ
ͱĴ֮һͳˮĸȨͷԸ޴²ô㿪ʼһαչء
ֻû֪һʽչزãһ޵ĶݹѾȻݳˮĸһݹ˿ûˮĸǡһɫķӦٳˮĸΧ֮󣬱֮ݶȥ
ֻƽָͬһݹƿգָǱʿͷͳΪ񺣵Ϻ


һ Ϻ̲
Դ½Ϊ壬룬ĺƣжɢ޾ۼ֮عϣΪ޾󣬵Ϊ½˼£פ֮Ϊ֮ΪĮԴʮƶ񤣬˹֮ơ
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ֻǼɽٸֵܹռ籩Ҳû˸ϺΪϺ˿ռ籩֮⣬Ǵ˵еġ׳ءڳռ籩طɢҲϢѰǰȥҲͰˣǵֵռ籩ɽٸֽУ̻׽ٽ£Ǻһݡ
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ֻνǮģҲ⡣ϺԴḻ¶ֶδɣǱʯɽԴϺֵ񣬴ûֹͣϺ̽һҲ赲סŲ
̽ӦֽӲҵǿʳɱ޶Ϻ⣬ֻ֮ҪϺ֮б㲻κΧˣ֮⣬ĻңϺطʿлһνǾǡ񺣡
һգӭһλĿˡֻһݹӶֱͣϺԵƺʲôʱϺݹ⳯Χȥ
ݹɢδɫŵǺ꣬Ȼûʲô⣬ֻǺƺҲδЩвԹԵͷ˼ʲô
⼸δ̲סˣΪǺ췢ӴһСӣȻϺضˢӣϺҲ˵ֵһʯĶͷȥǲȻߺߣݹǶˡ
⻰Ǻ̧ͷ˫΢Уһ˿ݸչصһ˭ˣֻǴʱΪϢѹԪӤڣԪӤڵӣԸͳһİ
Ϻԣ֣ǵӿ´˲֪˰ɣȻھҪһʯ
ߣ֪ϺԾͺãɣֵ򡭡չ·Ѿһٶˣë˲֪˲СΪضĸɼӵܰɡһʯ˵ӦòʲôĿãƲ֣ǲʶ࣬ˣ˭ҲΪǱġ
Ƽǣشٽ٣Ǹ̽´ңʹϺ˲٣ֵѾǺüûˣֵƢҲֻ꣬ҪԹԵģҲΪѣҵıƤСһĽգļգ
һĴٳһݸشٺ̵ĳֶǶԽǾ˶Է⡯һЦҡҡͷһ֪νһһӰзɳ
䵽մ⻪ɢֳĿǵ󻤷˭ˡֻûе䣬һ˫۾ǾηĿһĶʹӶڣ˵ǫˡ
νϺԶһΪһҰ֣һǹһʱ󻤷һֻһ񣬷ųһ˿Ϣɽ֮ųʱͽһȺΪ߲ԪӤڵġϺԡס
ʱáϺԡβ֪ߵ壬ʯ֮佻ͷҪߺֻǲһ󻤷ȥֻ󻤷һ⣬£ͽ˲סá
ڲ⣬ǡϺԡеϴȻЩʶƺʲôͬһе̣̣Ϻ
⻰İԡǾ֮ɫѣƺʱǲʶ̵Ĵڲ⡯ġ
룡
󻤷һָһ㣬֮ǻͬѨλסһתͷһһݡ
ֻһȴÿɷĵ˵ͷһָָۣǡϺԡ˵ܲϺΪϺ֮⾹Ȼ棬ѵ̲ɨŻںƭҲɣ


һ ͽ
һ˵ʱһĵȻ󻤷ȴͬ׻ΪȻץշദʱ䲻£ȴ֪һ
ԭһսһ󻤷ץס뽫֮뵽ǳ֮Լھ̵ܣûн֮նɱ׼һ˽ƹס
ֻ֮ҲаֶΣȻܱһֶҲܱȴΪɽټ֮ÿһ˿ʶһĺġ
ֻҪ󻤷һӡ޾֮Уûа취ҵһֻ֮ӡ޷ӡ½ơ
һҲֶΣáԷ֮ͬʱɱӺ󻤷ǰһɽڻҩһһڲ󻤷ͷΪɵܡ
Ǿͽõ֮ϴ֮Ǿٲ࣬Ϊ֮ͬǵԪ꣬Ȼûκβ𣬸ܹõ֮ˡ
һеĴ۾ǵӴ˳Ϊ˵ĿܺߣθǿֻҪ֮ޣǵһ궼ʱΪ˵ƷһвΪ£ȥ֮תֻضУֻʧ֮䡣
ܲᱻ֪ͽΪ֮ƣᳯ롣ȴΪ磬֮Ƶļз֮еõһ˿ǣ̽һܡֻǵʱѾв԰Σֻܱĵס
һΣһץסʱһƣʱķʩչŸԤֻصĴʾȻΪȴܹ꣬תͶ̥
ս˵ϰӡһ½ơҾʱĵһΪеͷ
һǰϺΪ󻤷̴֪ӪϺһȤ֮¾ǰһֻ̽û뵽ǰϺ̵ӰӶûȴ·٣һҲɻ󣬿ٴѯ
֪¹ϵԼǰԼתĿܣ˿иæƾհݵС˽ܲ͡Ϻ֮ǧȷ֮£֮ЩﲻΪ˶Ŀˣ졣
һ֪ԼڶԷͷӡѾͬħһǣӽ֮иоԷû˵ѣ˵ͷԭˣ˶Ŀһð취ֻҸоϺ֮ؾΪ˰ȫǣбȻ飬˿һڱˡ
󻤷һĽͣ˼ֻΪһҪ̽һ£û뾹ȻҪˮĸ̽ܣʱɫһš
ϣСȻܲʱҲ࣬ټȴҲЩߣɼܲϺԵɡֻܲƣؽаΪףСп̽ºΣ
һ֪ԷһеﲢԼڹ棬ҲֻЦһһһ˿ɫԴһͽϢ
󻤷״Ȼһһֱ㶵Ľһһ̽Եʵϣ
һ״һЦҲ𻰣һ֣һӰ䵽һͻһɷЩɷվԭأֻһɷ֮ɢ䲢Ƿס
һĿһӣǼʲôƬ֮һӣֻһƬ֮Щ֮һѹƣųٸӦЩ޷ɷʱͬɫǼŮܲ˵ľȥ
Щ֮ûɷڵһ̣ÿһɷһŭͬʱ϶һǿҵͽϢ
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ʵ֪һȺɷˣǵһħľħͬĴڡ
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Ҫ˵ħȻһΪ̳Ϲħһ˿ϢҲľͲ֮ʴټһ֣ܹ֮
ȻһĿΪװİ磬Բû֮Ӫһָոձϴ֮


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˿Լڣһĵ˵ͷʲôͷһһƬ⻪Щ⻪ħڣʱԭľħͱ仯
һ־ħСĿûջʿһ־ħû̫ı䣬ǰ˰ֻ϶һ˿˿
ˣһĵ˵ͷתͷȥ󻤷Σܲᱻ˰ɣ
⻰һȺġͽ󻤷ﻹһ˼Ȼͷ㷣Ҳûоܾɡ
˼һתֻýӦ£һ˼·ͽԼ̵˽⣬޾ϸ˵һһħʲôɻ䱻ָš
һ⣬ԭΪѾв˽һŷ֣ԭ̻ôϸ޴֪
ҴЩϸڵܽ󻤷Ҳ߿һۣǴ˲ͽ£Ȼܹʡ˼鶼Ϊˡ
ȻͷֻһתʱȻ֮ܽԷӡ䱾Ѿȫת֮Ǳ֮ǿջأҲȲãҲֻסǣתֻذˡ
⼸ȫ׼һҪǰܲʱǱ·ߣһֱûġϺԡ
ֽ⿪֮֮ǡϺԡҪģһǵģ˵һԶװӿռ֮У˺ҲԸӿռ֮гº͸մ
˿Ϻ򣬽ħٴ󻤷һ߰ɣһǰһͶǺ޼ʵϺ֮С
ʽϺδ确ϺԡĴ֮ˡЩΪкڣ͵ĶԪӤһһ涼ȥһ־ӵӿռΪȥˡ
ϺһЩ֮󣬹Ȼ˴˵еĿռ籩ռ籩Ʒ籩ʵռѷͿռƬɣҵĿռ֮طԭϺһʺеĵط
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ΪӴֻ֮Ҳͫﵽһ磬ͺױԹȥ
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֮⣬һӿĵһ۱һֲԤСָоΨеϣаʱеģȻвͬһ̣һ⵺ļɵ֮
ڽӽ̳󻤷֮£һڡ˳ԼҲŨŨ֮ż
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ʱһһ䴫󻤷ϻίһ£һ֪⣬˵ͷһڡͽ˵󻤷󣬹
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⻰󻤷һһɶɽٸֵƵȷųȥʱסûȶԷһָһöӲӵƷ˹ȥͬʱʹʮٿ󷨣űȥ
Ҫ֪ȻҴҵ󣬵ɽٸҲ۷ڣȻǺ弶ܽʿ󻤷ĶɽΪͲʮǧ
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⻰ǹ滰һȴһ˿ͬζʱ󻤷һ߳ڣŭɫ黹ֲܣмִ»ٸҿ󷨣£ȣԲ˶ߡ
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һ̤̳֮Уһ֪Լﵽ˴еĿĵءֻǻû˼£ٴδ󻤷ȴǶԷŷĽ͡
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Ϊ֮һ󻤷Ǻ֮㣬˴Գ£֮⣬˶Ҫְ취ѹѯ֮Ȼĳϵ£ҪϢӶ£Ǵѹ
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˭֪һλƻûǰ˳һؿ첻Ըһ˱󻤷Լļ档
һŻ¶˵ɵ˵˵ǵסһ˵ĵ·ϵϢ˾ȻҲǶɽΪ
󻤷˴ˣɫ΢΢һ䣬ֻƺԷݸߣΥ棬ֻЦǰкϣܹˣһ˭֪ԷȻ⣬֮ἰҪҪ֡
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󻤷⻰һ㶣Ҫ֪ǹ˾һԭڶ˴ŵһϣ˸Է˼һתֻѡ
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˲ָͺɫָָһ˵ˣȻ󻤷ûֻҲޣͽЩ˽Ҳգ˵ΪЩҲܴһ
֣⡮ޡĻһѪ³Է֪β֪ʲôˣǷܹ֮ĴBOSS
֣֪󻤷ͷ룬ֻ᲻ãǰ˵һ⻰ԭͷٰ㲻Ը󻤷ɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
֣˵Ǵ񲻳ɣ
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󻤷ͬ⣬֣ҲΪϲæ׳ôͶˣһ㽫һЩ˽ңȽһεֹպлᣬʮǣ˱㣬ЩϼһﶼָֻţպڱԿɴչȭţٲܾ


һһ غӰ
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ϣν̤ЬٴȫѹһĺûᣬȻһ̵̽ĸ׺;
ŶȻȻᣬѵ˵ľʲô񲻳ɣǺ£˵
˵죬̳ײһڣеʲô˵֪Ψһ֪ǣÿ¾£ҪǰȥάֵֻǣЩά˴ûлз񼶵ĸȥҲûӰ̳֪֮µ˶֮Ϊ׼
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˵ڿ̵ĺڣ
в֪С˾룬ҾﲢĺģҲһΪ֮һǡҪ̵̽ܣһξõĻᡣ
ԭˣѹ¾ӦˣӦǣ

һ׿ϣ󻤷عҲûӦ֣󣬶ǹΪһѹե˸ôŴӦ󻤷õһѶ˵Ѿõĳŵ֣һȥ
һ֣Զȥ󻤷һ˿ԥһת˳Լסķ򣬳̳ȥ
ȴ˵һߣһ֣̺ȥûã֣ͣȴƬ̣Դ˶ʮʮ˵ĶЩã֮ɫƺʲôֶΣ˵Ȼ׼ġ
Ǽ֣һȺˣΪԾ֣˿һĽԼôƭ󻤷ôһȺ˵ֵ˵˳⼸󻤷ĳЦ
ⷬһľȻͷȴЦѣ֣֪ԼݺĿĿ¾Цˡ
һۻᲢûгãʹ˺ƺ˵Ķ鳯ȥһ˺һ󣬲һǰ
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һ˿壬ͷһӱ𵽾ħʼһ֮ռԼϡƬ֣֮ƺòͣһָָǵţһȥ
ˣһҲԥһȺħһǵȥֻǻͷȥǵʧһڣ·ûдڹһ㡣
һڣһˡ
ǰͽȻҲǻ磬ȴĳȥȻЩָʾͷһǰЩͽжħԶĵں档
һѰͬǳ·ߣԽԽ¡һ˲֪˶Զ¼ǰͽͣ½Ų
һ׼ǰ̽ʱ򣬱һȻǰЩجج˷һƺˮʯӣڷ׷״ӻجج״̬ת
ǿǰ֮ʱǾ㵣ֳ־֮ɫһкžҪȥʱһӰһͽܵ˾Уһѹһը飬һ˾ͻһʧ
ǺӰһͷײ֮У͵һͬˮһ㣬һŨ֮ͬ׿ˮһڡ
һ֮ǺӰƺʮ˷ܣһƺٻʲôһ̱ӰƾХͳȺȥ
һȺͽ֮Ȼ֪ʲô״ȴҲϾ˴ͷ֣˶ųֶγЩӰȥ
ֻ˳ԾǣЩӰ·֮ĿǡֻҪֶ֮δﵽϣǵûаãͬӪһ㣬ɣٶȲ
ʱһҲ֣ʮͷӰбֳͷɱ˹
Ըֲ֪ĹһҪ¾ɱֶΣ֮ȻƣͲ˼
˼һתһ֣һͷħܳЮ֮ͳǺӰȥ


һ ٣ϯ˼
һľħԪۣ̳ԭħϢֱһӡƣȻֻкˮ׼ʵ֮ǿȴͬ
һͷħһ֣ʮֺ˫һץռ伸飬һֱֱĳһӰ˹ȥ
ǺӰƺնɱͽѾϰΪܵħϵ֮ҲΪ̵ӣһֵҪ֮
˭֪ħͲʲôͽһȻЮŨŨ֮ȴǾħ׺ħ
ոһ֮ûüӦħʵĹͷĺ
һ£ԭݺڶͽ֮У˵ĺӰɾͳ˴һҽдһץ𣬴ϣɢɢ
ӰЩԾƺΪʲôղŻõúúõֶξȻʧЧЩͬһ㱻նɱͽȻֳܻɹ
һǳɵĻᣬһ˿Ǿħͳȥ
һӰڳ˼ԣֻ֮ħʵͳǣҲûлѼӰҲ棬Ҳɢ
˹һͷһ´ʱͷħ׷׶ͬȺǳɽһ㳯ЩͽĺӰȥ
Щֻжʮͷȫƾ˶֮ĿƲ̵ܽӴöжף˲ء
ھħǰ֮Ŀȫʧ˫ƽʵսʱǳĺӰͷ仨ˮ
ֻǿϧǣЩӰ·𲢷飬һܾͻɢһһûץһڣǾС̵ӡ
Щͽһ֪֪ҲԼ࣬Ҳö໨ʱ䣬һУһɿռ֮˶
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ֻԽ룬Ǹյֲ̳ĸоԽԣƺʲôٻһ㡣
ˣ֪ɽлƫɽУһǲҳ̵ĸպûֻˣ뵽һͼȥ
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вͬǣصͬʱ֮⣬ƺħһĴڡħͬھ絮֮顣
Ҳ͸ࡣһĻһȴסһĿ⡣Ƭ嫵ǿգһƬãȴʢ˥һƬ¹Լȴһ³
Ȼǿ֮䣬һԼɼħͷӰǱУȻǴǿճʢ˥ǿǱȥ
һԾǣЩħͷѾ仯ٲؿʱɷǻƲù⻪ȻϽֹ⻪ɫ⻪ȴǰϤǰҫۡ
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һ㾪ǹ⻪֮еôһʴԵ⣬·һУʴһС
ˣ˿Ҿûв´ˡĸ֮һֻųĩ֮ٹȻйϵ˵֮پ˼ֽٵһ֡
ԭһڽת콵ոѪħͱԸʦʱͬʱҲӴļ֮е֪һ춯ص顣Ǿǧ䣬󶥼ʵȺиԤԵһϯصĴ֡
һһĽѣ˼Ľѡ֮лһȺ֣ʱɣħ綼ʧ
ʱһ֪Ϣһ뵽ľ̡ǰմԤ˵̾ͼпϯصĴ֮һֻΪλ̫ƫԶԱ羭ˡ
뵽˴ԼѾΪ걸ҲæĸϻĿľҪڴٿʼ֮ǰ֮ĴŵϢҲǴ¡ֻһжĲ²⣬û֤Ҳ˵ǰˡ
ֲͬЩڻֻҪӰͶȥĴš±˵ĴţħҲҪ𾪣Ӷͬİš


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ǰڻһһ̤Ьٴȫѹĸоδ죬ܿʩչֶν֮ӡ
ȻһڻѾֵƱۣòһˣԺĻᣬϾȥ˿ڻ棬һڵģ·ҲɵЦһٴδħȥ
̵֪ĿһиСġֵǣȴһΪĳЩԵɣ˴ĺڰκηղҲ֮⣬ûбΣա
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ʲô
һһûвݶǷξħԶӭСһ֮оħȻһˡ
Ҫ֪ħԭʼħͨ˵ǿľǿľħһ޶Ҫǿ
ȻЩħԼ۵ɽկ֮ǿħĸ֡ħڸֵֶ
û뵽ǣһεֵ͵ϮԺ侹Ȼ˶֣ûл˵ˣ˸˻
üһȻһͷУҾʮͷ
˼һʮͷħ𣬻ǳֿȭñоͳǹߺȥ
ν˫ȭѵ֣һǰе˶ϣħƾʮͷʤһ죬Ȼ͵Ϯ߱ɣҵԵϡ
һ֮ǰĺͬ͵Ϯ߲ûоʹʧһĽԭȻһԴ˷ԭڵյ͸
ǳɰת£Ҫ˫Ŀˣһǿޱȣ˫ͫҲʮ󷨸ͻȻǿ֮²Ӱ󷨺ɨȥһԺ֮СΣҲɵóһ
ԭΪԼһ֮УȻڰȴҲ֮ǰͨԶ˿̿ˣŷͨ˷֯һѪĶ۵滹Ǳ涼ǽƵֻ֯ǼӲķ·ʯһˡ
͵ϮߵĿҲ¶һͷҲ޾Ĵڡ
ҸǣһûиеϢûǣûУһ˿ϢɢȴȫǻƻɵȵȴϢ·ⶫһи־ļ塣
˼һԼĶ棬ħеħҲȲȴڣ˵ʲô֮ᲢۣǾǵѪħѪʥѪޡ
ﻹѪ޶Ǵĸ־ϣûУûǡͬѪ޵ĸ־ֶۺģȻŰվͨĺۼⲻ֪ǺεĶıŰ·ȻɣȻϢ
üһƺʲôȻڡ⵹ûʲôϹʱ嶼Ӵޱȵ壬һѪܾܵͨҲֻڻ̺ڵȴû˵Ҳ֪ǱеĻǺġֻǲǱлǺ֮ǰĺԼڵЩЩͽ治ΪʲôάҲѰ׼Ŀ֮Щڣﵽɸ˵ܡ
һ˼ʱһڹƮԶſһͷͷͬʮͷȻСͷв̬ͬҲв죬ͬĸ汩ŰϢü١˵ǰһͷлİ֡
һ̽ԷһҲ˿壬̽˼ȻʲôҲ⶷һҾͿ㵽ʲôͬʱ˳Ҳһ¾ħҲã
ͷһһȷˣоħ´նɱЩһڵ
ЩħȻǺۣԼ̳ħĺ¶ݣɱ¾սΪܣƽﶼһѹƲʩչɱ¾ﻹаͣ٣׷֮仯ԭͳЩӰȥ
ЩӰƺһ룬֮ΪԸղż֮ƺʳﴦȻ֮ǿҵƻϢαѡ
ħαװƣԳȫͬϢЩӰһ㶣ѣƺһ㣬ҲƵҲ
һϹھħһһԽĹڣһɱ¾һ״˫ͬʱۣﻹ˲Ժһ𣬱һ


һ ӡ
һ֮Ҳɢ֮ԭվһԡȻҲǺӰҪŰħסЩӰ׺Ҳûһͷܹ֮ڣûҪֵġ
ԶԶųغӰħüͷ΢΢һ塣˵ħûдﵽԤ룬෴Щֻк弶ľħӳ˳˵սܡ
Ҫ֪Ϊ̳ħļ䣬Щħÿһÿһʽ·𾭹εĴõΪڵħޡѰ֮вʮóս֮ˣ»ܹԽ񼶱ҲҪ¡
üԭȴΪЩ֪شȻսܺͼϲħ񣬵䴿ȴǿ֮࣬һУһеľ
־ںӰķʩչ֮£һУǿЩħҲҪ𡣿³ħֵסҪԲСĿ
Լħ£ҲЩ֣ʩչڿֳڣľħһվ·硣
õǣħڶ࣬սļҲѼ޾սܡ
ȻƣҲҵ˽İ취ĸΪսݻսħһӲ٣һսֱռתռϷ硣
ʼ֮󣬾ħսѾһ̶ȣ·һ㣬һܹﵽʮ
ǿʮЩӰȻͣվֻäĿֵסħĺϻʱһ㤵ĲҽдһͷӰصļš
һʮǿ󣬶ħ©ʩųȥǺӰϣȻûнɣֻԭƵĺӰɢһʵҪƮɢȥ
һһֱվڳߣ˹۲켺ħʵԼӰĹ֮⣬ǵȵľʱ̡
ĺһáһӣǺǰ̧һץǽɢδɢĺͱУһŵ衣
һֶһ߳ʹõģڵشͨħӡħ衯мƣֻһ֮ûʹùڵӱ־ֶΡ
һԼ̫ͨϵһ֮ܵеõͨţӡ䲻֮ǿ֮Զڷħӡ֮ϡһɷħӡʵǷӡĲƪ졣
ӡһۣҲγһö裬ںһСռ䣬ܹأԼӡеһУʵڵԷӡƬڷӡǰҲѲȥ
һƺȻҪúоʶ̽УӭϢŰ־
ѰܵһϢ־µҪħͷֻһľδԱĳɾͻԲأţЩϢ־á
ӹЩϢ־һԴ̽ȥԾǣѱźֺųɾŶִĸϢͱŰ־ɣʣһȴ֮
֮ڻ٣֮У·ʳﱻһ㡣ǰѹƾħ֮ȴӰ
һŽϢ־ܹôܿס̫֮֮ˡͷһת̽ʽѡ
ɷħ̽޹ʹС״ڵ巽ʱһ˿ϢһͶС
ں룬Ҳһһ֡һֿģ壬ȱȫֵĵһۣ͸о·𿴵һԴҲĴڡ
ʲô֣ģģֲǶߣҸֲǣһȻȱȴһֱȶ߶ϵϢҪ֪ĺģĵֲͬɣ嵮֮ͳ֣شΪϵ֣Ƕ֮Դһ־Ȼǻϣ¾ڻسϴϴħֲɡӦòǣس֣ǲҲӵϵ˵ңҲһܹܣЩֲĿ촫УǾֽ֣֮ͬһ㡣ֻ֮У˱ŰϢ֮ҲֻЩֱȽ⣬Щּ̳ԭһЩ죬Լֹϵĸо
뵽һԺֲֵ֮İ취ѡõĵһ־֮ԡ


һ Ԫ
һ֮ʹ֮Դȫ̳֮ǰͽ
Դӿ֮ıʣЩͽһоͬʬ⣬һ㣬˿û
ֻٶȱȽϿ죬֮Ͳ࣬һ·ӻ֮Ͳò»ȡǻȡԴͷץͽ
ͷһЩһ޽ͽĻᶼûУͱ˻Ͷ뱴Ҷ֮УԶһԱһȡãʼ̽һ֡
νԲ֪һһԭֻǾƯں֮вŲܵһϵ֮һ˲俪ʼŤ仯
һֱ֮ӱ֮УƬ֮һ൱ӦϢ֮ͬԴȴǿ˳
ͨ۲죬һǰӰʹõĹûϸͱ仯
ֻӡ֮УǱɢ֮ĺʼΧתǹĴ֮£Ȼ¿ʼɣ֫ͷ­һξҪۣǸϢ뱩Ű־ҲͬʱѣƺҪٴλӰ
һοϴӦ֮ͽ֮ȥ˭֪ԭӷԸ֮һ̾ȻͬҰһ㣬ڷıӿȥӿ컯գۼγһӰ
һӰһ֣ҪƷӡֻǷӡǾͨѣηѳ
˵ڷ֮ǰһܻСץġ뷨֣䲿֮ͿҪһԹ֣һͷӰ
ԿǺӰϳײֻһЦƳǷӡȥͬʱӡһͨ쳹صľƳ֣ǺӰֿͱٴ黯һź
ٴʹ֮֮̽һһתٴͶڶε֮С
֮ʹ֮飬õĽԲˬ֮ǿֻҪһӴ־ͻᱻֹ
֮㹻ͻΪһͷӰȻҲٴα飬ֺ㲻ʧǾͻǿһźջǻɢΪһ֡
õĽ֮һԪ˲֪ٴεĳԣڷ֣ԪӦֻ֣
һڵĻԪԼǵõеķŷǽӽ֣ȻҲǿҷӦֻ֮෴ܲκһҪ֮ǰʱãֵܻı
ڵڶǾħԪʹϢʱǵֻżӦһ£Ҳֻ˸һ¾ٲӦ߳Ӻ磬ֵһ־ˮˮĸо
ӽӿռ֮гȡЩշ˵ԪħԪŷЩעУҲ֮ͬһ㣬Ҳͬǿֻ֮ЧȷʵԶԶ硣
۲죬һֽͨ׵֮Ԫֳ֡
һƷʸ߹֮Ԫ绯Ԫ֮µķŷԼ籾Դ֮ȣܹ֮֮ڡ
ڶ֮൱ԪڵľħԪ߲֮ͬûԵǿ
һͨģƷ֮ԪѰѰžʹһױ֮ɣ֮ûеֿ
ֵȼһ֣Ȼ˵ֿ֮Ȼûʲôֱӵáȴ֮֮ǰԼʲôһͬʱⶨѵӦԴ֣ٱ֮ʴĿܡպͶսȻܼܱȴԵʧ
һ˵ּ˵һ⡣Ϊȼ֮ɹǽڻԪȶԪĴڡ
Ҫ֪̫ϻϹŶɣ̫ϵĲ֮أĹϹʱǾĴڣһײҵִнǼδδţͬڴ˵һĶ
֮Ǿħ䣬֮һǳưڵĴڣʶԣڵнݺ᲻ܡ
ɴ˿ɼ̣Լ̱Ǹ֪ȵĴһѾǼ򵥵СС־ܶȹ˵ඥԤԵ˼٣¸һѡ


һ ڲ
زΪۻ
뵽⼴Ľѣ˽ش֮Уһɵ̫ƪ֮ȻҲǵһ䡣Ҳ׵дա
ûࡢɱ¾ֲһݽһݽΪˣкθɣ˵֮ᵽƽȡ
˵̫ƪϻ¾䡮ʥ˲Ϊۻ֮գ֮ĺ֮ĵľ硣һʥ֮ҲƽȶԴϲ֮⡣
һȻ֮ĵƽȣĺģʮǧƽȶԴһС޿صش٣ѣȴ޷ֻͷһ̾һ䡮֪ˡ
һܽٵͨһеȻޱȳõʱ䣬ԣ˼ת˲һеʱҲ˰㲻
عŷֳϻܻĺӰͷħѾһ޴սֻҪѼʱĥһ£֮ܽ¡
ʱѾʧȥħʵȤ˿ǸڣһнħٻһģºӰ˲䱻򱬣ӡ𣬶һݶݹ⳯ȥ
һӰ֮󣬺ܿͨٴλڰһںΪŲ²⵽Ϊܵڣ˵ͨڣǸ߲Ҳܵ˴Ҳ޼ɵķſҲٵ쳯ȥ
һ£Ȼٶȿ˲٣ͬܿһߡЩ֮ǰĺЩһʵϢͱŰ־Ҳӷ
ʵ͵ȼϣһжЩߵʵѾﵽ񼶱ҲٽħųʩչֶΣһʮͷ񼶱ĺӰͻϣѶУֱӱӡ˱塣
ץЩӰһһǰһо̺һֻ֡ЩǿĺӰȻͬԭ֮һȴ˼֣ת֮ٶҲ˼֡
˺ü֮൱Ĺֻ˺Ӱ֮⣬аӰӰӰ廨ţν
Ȼܹͬת֮ҲǴǿҵĸϢŰ־䱾̬Լֶȴͬ
֮ǰӰǿǰдɱǻգǻڣȻ˾ϸȴȻɣһɱֶΡ
ЩֶȻһʵǰһ赲·öûУͱһɱȡֳо
һ·һɱֹ಻ʮ֣ҲռͬͨоЩֶͬԴȴչͬЧ
ܹռ֣׷Դ˵ܹвĴħֻռּһǷרռĴ㣬ֻ˳Ȼˡ
ⲻ֪ʲôڣһ˲֪жԶҲһ˿켣ŷԼһȦΧת׼̳֮Χȥ
ͨһѪ״ͨһƬĿռ䡣룬ﶨȻȻڲȥֻһ͸״˸âһɹԪֹ֪֮йĵܡһ̣ʲôط
Կάά̫Ȼֱӳȡ񱩵Ԫ㣬ѵ˵̳ڴ˴ԭĿΪȻ︴ɡ
һ뵽˴֮ʱһ׹ͷϬޱȵϢȻһͷѨ
üһ
һһһӰǰΧʱҲֻΧİӰǿҲҵȻԪܹвڡһֶܹ֮֮£ǲһ
һͷȻзҵϢʹó͵Ϯɱһò˲ÿ
ǰӰһûУɱһﻹĻᣬָɽһǰӰͱ𣬻һŰ׹ⱻӡһУ˳Լ²·Ӵĺڷȥ
ֻڲڲշûԶٴɫһ᲻ԶⲿܱȡǵصĸɫﳯһʵǿҲЩզࡣ
Щһһ֮£ȷˡ޽򡯣⻯һĿռ䣬罫Щһ̣㾲Ψԭء


һ ࣬Դʶ
ܵ޽Щײһüͷ΢塣һΪ˷̵̽ϸνǵǹƥĴ˽
˵޽ΪȺ˺üɽٸУΪǵķɽͨ飬ǽ顮С졯ľƵ˶ɽˮ׼ʹ޽򷢻ӳһ¥
վΪûô˵ƶṩԪʹ޽ɱ֮Ȼڣ޾־սȴ١
Ϊƾ֮޴ɴ˭֪ھȻôС⻹Ǹսڲ룬֪жٶҡˣ¾ҲԱȫˡˣȻܹ֮γΪͽּͬݡ
뵽˴һ˵Цһһ۾ƾʧǱ޽֮Уȥ뷨ˡ
֮ǰо˲˽⡣ƾԪ۽ְ취ĹǼܣ顣ڣֱŰΪԼá
γ֮ɣĻԪΪ֮ΪΣʹתɱŰͨԪֵ֮Ĺϵڻĳ̶ϿסǱŰ
ųɣһ޽˼ͷ顣һ֮¹ȻЧʱһãñŰȫƿصȣ©š
ڴ˻Ͻ˶෬ı䣬գͬԴȴͬӺϣõıŰΪ໥֮໥ԼӶεĿסҺɲɵǣʮʵɫڻһֻ˴ڡһ֮ΪԲʡ
һ飬һΣԲʡЧάʮʱûɢĴ޽֮г
ˡԲʡһһ˹Ȼ˲١һ·ȻٸɫȫƾϢͬ࣬ԼʳһһȴıŰϢȻעȴû⡣й汼ȥ
һ·һݹֲĶжϺڣȻʮЧʱһޱȵǻſڡ
һǻңһۣӦһȻڡһǻڶ֪࡯ıжôˡ
һҲǲ壬һԲûʲô©ͳǡ࡯˹ȥ˭֪Ҫ롮࡯ʱһʵʵʵĺӰס
СˣȻ˴֪Ǳļ̳ôȥ
һ·һӴĹûһͷӵǻۣǣȻһͷﴫݹôһǻۣԳƱƺʲôλȨصڡ
һûлðϢԼݵĽɫаǻۣǵһξЩ֪αװȥˡ
Ӵ˺תǲǰʱǺӰѾȻ֣һŰ泯˹
һɱŰһҲٲЩһһɼ֮ԼŰϢҲȥֻһը죬ӰȻһ൱
һ׼ֵʱ򣬶ǺӰȴͣȻĿһȴоԷƺԾƺɻ󣬵ȴûٶ֣һ˿
ѵЩūԪˣȻˣͽԪͽȥɣ
һһ㶣û뵽ķչȻ˷·תԼΪ¶ŵʱ򣬶ԷȻС
ȻķзʽЩɣȲĹĻᣬǲϷװǵһ˿֮ͳ֮зȥûԳƱĹλùȻû
֮󣬷ۿȥһеľ룬һããǻһֻٶתšȻ˵ĸо·ǻԶûֹͣһ㡣
ǻԣһͷһ˿ϤĸоûһЦ˷
һֻ֪ߵغСӣȻҴ뱾ļ̳⿪αװɣñ㵽ʲô
һһȥ˷Ǹɫд󲿷ֶǷģֻ֮ǰͬǣЩƺͬһ˲ӵǣܹܹԣǣǵǣƺͬһ
ѵ˵屾ʶɣ
һͷһ֪ԷѾԼαװҲټһӣԲɢԭԭһ¶һȻϢķȻıԴʶҲ˿壬һʼһս׼


һ 
һԳЩƺЩԾ߳һͷȻԴʶĴ
ֻ´һһ󷢳һɬףҵЩѪʳū֮нģû뵽ȻСӡãܺãܹЩķ˼䣬Ҳֵñ佱һ䣬űļ̳͸ҸһᣬԼְɣ׼תĶΪѪʳ
һͷЦȴ¶ֻǵ˵Ҫѣֻǲ֪ɷʲôڣȻ̵㣬̵Ѫʳ
Ӱһ㶣һЦȻǵĳӣͷҴ̽ϢҲã̫ãЩѪʳûһֵñ˵㶼һ˵˵Ҳ޴󰭡Ȼܹ쵽ضҲЩ˽ɣȻˣҾֱӸҲ޷ˣ֮䣬һΨһ񣬲컹أǱģ㣬СӣԹڱǰ
񣡡һֱӽЩԿĸ蹦̵ȥؼһʡȻܣǳһ
Ծ֮Ժ֮оðɻһǣɽٸֶֻǻȴڣҲӦǴڣ˼𣬶ĿǰЩȻʵӴ󣬵˼Ķ֡
ȻڵӴı壬ʱԵֻǱԴʶĻǾۡڶɻǾϸֱ֣֮ʶȻϢΪƣһУȴоǲͬĸ塣
˵ӴһǿĴڣȴʶȻҲСһκһڣǿǲ˲١
ѵ˵߲һ壬ǺֵĴڣ
ͷһǹƵЦݣһЦʲôΨһҿǼڱڵļˡ
ΪԼͷ⣬Ҫһΰûڶʹ࣬˭֪ľȻһЦҸ벻ǣ⳰Ц֮оȻһڵʵ
㵽˭֪ԣթңҲǲˣȻΪӴ̫Щľګȴ˲Ϳһơ
ֻǽ仰һ͵õԼҪĴ𰸡һʱ֮䣬ɻһĽ͡
²֮У޴ޱȵ²ʲô򵥵ĴڣпܾǱڻϿԽǰⷽĴħᡣֻ֪ˣǱʲôԭ򣬱ŪðĶ
ʲô񣬿¾ħѪͨĺᡣһشٵǰ硣һ֮ͨɢȡӴħһЩʮҪ顣
һõഫУֽӽȫžʶͨǻͨѧˣٽϡ֮ܡĵƶϡѰҲܹһ߶ȫ׷Դʲô㶼Ȳϡ񣬵õЩϢһƶ䲻ȫУȴҲԶˡ
˼䣬װʲôҪʲô㲻Ҳ֪Ϊ֪ԷıԴʶʤ㣬һֻѰܣҶ֡
һɣҼƻζԸһʱޱߵķŭ֮СǰŪ໹ڵʲôԼνŭ
ĳӣ㾹ŪΰΨһŪ³ֻΨϴˢ
̶ʱ䣬һͷмƻѾͣ񣬶ҿ֮ȵķźħŸǿʱǹһ˿Цݣǳĳ
Ȼ򽻵࣬㽻ֻɶԷϴԷʲôǳʲôǳ羴ġһļЦͷķŭڶƲסڱ
ĳӣڱļ֤֮£ȥɣ
һйͬʱν춯أֹͣҲһ£·Ǹһ㡣
һ£һڡһ̣ͣڿеȻȻʧһ̣ĵط
ƺûϵһȻսˣοϷϵġӡйͬŭһɱйͬʱͳһɱ˹
һϱ鲻ϲȴ쵽˾һָ赲·ĺ


һ 
һһ͡·ӡοϴӦһ赲һǰĹͳʱһûг齣ָֻΪɷ泯ǹնɱȥ
״ЦһһָܹͬĴնɱһ̣һɣй뷢˳
ͷŨŨ򵥵һָ澹Ȼ˿赲ûУֽͬһ㣬մˮָ״ơ
ôܣЩȻֻαֻƷôܱ״ƣ
һͷһЦȻ⣬ȴ͡Ϊ⿴ƮƮһָǿѧ֮⡮ǬһӰ̺ǬĽɷ֮ͬʱתѾΪһֲ֮Ԫ
ƽѪޣǽһٽЩΣ˵ͬƣֻ֮ǰҪĲҪ˷ûʩչˡ
ССܻȻֶΣҲӲġ֮֡
һ䣬ΧһܵĹ׷𣬾Ȼ˲ںһ𣬻һӡһ
ɫʥһƴҲˣҫУһһůĸо
ȴҵһʴͰԵζʴԪ꣬˵Ǿ֮裬ǰԵмַŵϢСϵΨ񡯵˼
һںһƣһ侪壬ͷһҲһӭȥֻǴƲͬһӡʹ⻪׽ġ̽֡
ӡһǰɫӡӡѹòˣӡתȻ·磬ûĲ˵ڹ⻪ת֮䣬ȻԷӡ˿˿жȥһȡٲԼΧ
һС̽֡Ȼһʹ۵Щﵱ׽ãһ֮¹ȻЧһǣʮ֮һŻĴӡȻҲѹƲסӡ˻ȥ
Ȼ棬ֶΣһûӡȻը顣ʹâϯŴӡɷ飬γһƬ
ڲɢδɢʱڣһɫĽ˳ֱɱǴʶĹȥ
ϡ
һɹͷ­𣬴ʶĹʱϳأһͻһƬɢãã޼ʵĿУͬʱڳйﶼƺʧһ㣬εһ¾ͲԵĳ˷ɢȥ
滷һҲһսʤ˵Ѻ͵Ѩֶβ͵ϮװֻҪþǺð취
Ծļ㣬ԷĿԴвųɾ͵ϮһȻһΪһ
ʱһϤ˻ٴδ˷˭ˡ
ˣĳӣȻһٻķ㣬㣬㡭
񣡡һ㲻ԷϢüͷһ壬顣
ҲһҪ֮Ϊʳ֮뱾棬ó
ƺʶһʵǷǼֶܹԸٲʹʲôֶΣǸɴйǵصĳһɱ˹ȥ
һ뵽ܣ壬ϡһ޽ӽ⣬ͳɱ˹ȥ
һһûʹõֶΣǴĽֻ޾Ĺ֮Уͬһǹ⣬󲻶ÿÿӹһƬﱻնɱйﶼ֮ܽڡ
Щڶ˼ͬڷĴڡÿһնɱ˵Ȼ㲻ʲô㱻ɱɱȥ˿ûл֮ԳĽܵˡ
ֻһУŻ΢ЩƵĹʱ·ֱֱһһҪٽͷ׷ըһɹͳȥ
һһûôĴڡһɹɱըֶ֮Σƿգ޽˽ȥ
ȻΪ˼ɴ˴ûжйԱʮͷ񼶱ĹԱȵʮɽٸһֱ֮˺ռ䣬ನ޽֮С
޽Ҳ޶֣ռޣޣɱޣ㱬ըȫ޷ƻ˵ನˡ
תۼನһٴγ֣һֱӽ޽򿪣Լ䣬·һ֮


һ ս
ս
ֳֳȻӣһ˵֣һŨҵսⲪȻ

Ѿһٴνն𣬽һֵйڣǳǧкݺݵ³֡
һԣһЦҲηŭתͳ޽ȥԼһСϷŪɱͳŭ
ŭŭҲޱ֮ˣԼռʱŸ޺֮֮󣬱һХˡ࡯֮еĹﶼ׷ȥһͷ޽֮С
޽Ԣ죬Ҳܹϱ仯ܻ֮⡣һ齨ɹ񣬾ʮʱ䡣˵ֻһƬСǿյĳΡ
ǧĹУֻ޾ǿ֮Уǹ˸û˼ΨһĲԲ⹵ͨĿռѷ졣
һƬǿ֮УһΨһƾնһһǹⶼٻгʶĹ˼֮һ֣⹵ͨĿռѷȻرա
˿ûоµ˼ЦСӾСӣĿǳٶֶΣ˴ǱԪ֮أ޾ġ桯ʹãٶҲã಻ñһˡ
һȻ֪桯ʲôʱ˿̣ȴҲָ֪ľЩɫ˵Ҳûа㵣ĵ˼ֻĿһۣǧ򣬷ϵġ桯ԥĻӽ
޽İһսƶȻ֮ǰһǧǧÿ˲䶼ʮϰٵġ桯ɱ
˵Ҳ޾ĺԮûɱһͷ桯һͷ桯ɱȥ
ҸǣΪ˴ռѾͬӰ쵽ġ࡯Ժ˼ɵ桯ʵɱԱըһѾ޽ָһ㣬һܿԽռѿȥһըҲҪԲСĿ
ս־ȥƺʶԼȻиֶΣҪһٻɱǰƻġӡЩѣʼˣ̬һƴս
ȻһƽսپΪ˫ʵԲ࣬߶ԷԵԵʡʵϣԪ˵־ս
ֻһԵ޾񣬶˴ǶԷϳһ˵Ԫγ棬ҲܱȵùһôӴ塣
ûбʵǿͷԣı෴ŶԷԴԴϵĺԮԼȴһСܶûдǴһ˿ƻЦ
ʱתһһʮ֮ãһȻԪ㣬ҲڵĿһһİɱ
ĳһ̣ϰͷ汻һնɱ֮һ̳İ澹ȻԶԶȲϻİ棬ڷ˲Ծ
ӣ׶ʲôад
һᣬһɢǰʮͷ棬ЦԽԣ˵ʲôôأ
ˣ㵽ʲôΪʲôʶղʲô㵽׶ԱʶʲôһĽд
ʱһûͣгŶԷʱ򣬸նɱͬʱЦԭ˵ûʲôֻһЩ֮һЩֻ֮ˣ
ʲôֻ֮֮Ƕʶž˺ֶΣ㲻ܱܹʩչֶΣ
һԣЦһ˵Цˣĳʩչֶδ󣬺αرܹĶĿⲻֻ֮֮ô
˵䣬һնֻƺΪʾֶΣһеϢ뿪ԭҪҲǿһ֮⣬ϻһһϢ
ǽɫһڲķϢ̺һСͨǡСתǺɫϢԹ֮⣬һͨ
ͨŽӹնɱ˲䣬Сתϴˢʶһ˿ζ
ܴڱʶͬʱһ̣ͷԼҲӦһֵʶƺжһ㡣
һ̣һʲôȻսĻᣬǱĬ֮˺ʶֶԸΪͬʱ̫棬仯ÿֻһûע⣬֣ҲѾ
⻹ʲôһ̣һһУʮ㾧ӨĹ⻪ϣΪϢɢȻǽЩɢʶƬռ


һһ ս
һƬ԰һָ֮һ飬зӡ֣ͷ֮ӡ
Ҫ֪ƬԶӶĺöֻҪȷܹ֮ǿ꣬ǿʶڷڵʱԸֻ
ѰʿﵽڣֻһҪķѽɵӡʶƬֻҪ㣬ָʹǼ޷ֻ
ͬǷֻ֣һ񣬺ӵʮĸֱ߲ǶԵлǲ˭˭;Ϳ֪ˡ
ߣ֮ǰһˮĸܹ֮һ̤ƵеżҪ鹦˴Ƭӵǿӵ̫ƪҪҲҪ𵤶תȥˡ
ɴ֣ԼƬڡһԴӵõ֮ͨ󣬱̳˳ȡƬֶΡֻ걾ʮ΢Ķյֶλ죬ԲǷϸ͵òټϱҶʱҪǻӣƽٵõ
Լ޷ֻʶʹõ񣬱뵽ˮĸУЩƬռԪ޵ͻ룬ŵóôһźͷŵĶֶΣԷʵƬΪԼõķš
һֶμЧ֣һѾռϰöƬȻԣϹ֮ԼӯƬûʲôãڵ˿ɾǲСĺôˡ
һĵⲻͬ񱻰һǣѾըˣֻǴʱͷѾˣƳ޽ȻҪɱʶټ֮еĿһСӶΰ¡
ӵĴڣСĳӣ㾹ȻҶԱֶΣٹ֮£ǧУҪ꾡ֻأ
һ޵СадȻһԲ֪ƾմÿһͷϣԭСתʹãЩججʶȻʼѸٻָ
޽ҷ⣡
һԹۣӽһָӦһӰȻը޽Сһ˲䣬ԭȻɱ¾˫ȱ鶯޽עһ㣬Լʶ
ͬһ˲䣬Ż治ϺƵĿռѷֺǲ֪ӺδҲ˲ʧ޽֮жֻǽǹ⡣
λ֪֮ռϷ磬һеһжһڲ֣һصضûУֻ״̬һƴһһ
ɱ
а
ˣѾûʲôĻһжɱ¾֮С˲Ϣ֮䣬ͣս¿ʼ
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һ£Ȼķһ޽֮еͬһҲʧϵİ档ҵǣƮɢȥʶûüջأٴαһɢʶֱӻƬ
Ŀ˵ҧгݡֻ֪һʵԸʽԸֻܻظԭ˺ս
޽һԪȫ֧ţܿų׽磬˵̳ˡ޽򡯻֮õ̶ȵһ˺ս϶Ļû˸ظԳϴˡ
˵޽棬޾İ֧ʱռƵĻ޽һʧ󣬶ⱻһ㣬ĥʶһܱʣƵȻ޴棬һжһѹס
޽֮УһʹáСתʹһһȦȥŻָһѵİٴλججƣÿ˲䶼а汻նɱʶɢ
һԼʩ֮ͨ⣬ͬϷһ㣬䣬ó֣ܹʱ׽ʶȡƬ̶̰ʱĹѾ˴룬ͬҲռǧƬ
Ҳ֪ȥĴһͬʱɿЩܿƵİ漯һһ˲䣬ǧͷںһ壬ʶǿȣǿȶȻӣһԸӵĳ̶ȣڳȫʢʱڵһ
ƺľƽĽһЪ˹дĳӣҪΪԼܵӦеĳͷŭ٣㽫ٲ


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ʲô񣬲аˣѵͬھҿǹԹɣ޽Ǭ֮
һ֪ԷĴ㣬ٴ󣬲ѣһ־֮ƣһ䣬޽˲䱻£һŵ»صλá
ʱа۵޽Ҳ˳һ޽ǬһնɱɽٻΪһ¥м¾֮ơ
һҪһͬھֻһʶ֮󣬻͹˭֪һͷȻ⿪޽򡯽һж±¶
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һ׼ޱȵץס˲䣬ǧһ壬һޱȵĽ⳯һնɱȥ
Ǿ仰ֹУ֮ǰжƣƴʤֻһСһһϡ
ֻնɱȥָɢͣͣռ飬һеһжסһķһ˲䣬һֱֱնɱǿİ֮ϡ
ʱڻعŭĿһһɣȻҲҪһɱ
ֻһ̧ͷǹһ˿߳Ц⣬˵һ䡮ɢնɱһĽ⣬˲ɢȴϸĽȦϯʱɢЩ׼Աİ棬˱˴֮ϵͬʱǧʵɢȥÿһնһͷϡ

һ˺ѷεĺдһǧʶʶնɱԵһ˲䱻նɱһǧΡʹԳΪҲֵס
һ˿û˼λ룬һʶһ̣һʣһ顣
ĳӣء
ֻûһѾ֣һȻӺͣʶ飬ԭƬ˲ָ徻
ֻ֪һնɱ㣬һһնɱ㣬ٴΣҾնɱٴΣ
һȻ̺ļᶨȴԱܿ죬ٴʶʼһƬ
Ҳӽ걾Դһǧʶѵʮ;ֻǲ֪δȨһĺݻûУһС
һУһûɿֶΣһ»һͷɫͳ֮ȥ
֮ȦֽڲһȦȷİ֮⣬ûһ˿ۼ֮ٴλصࡣ
һΪû赲νǳͨ衣֮УһŲõǻԣ⻹һϸ
ǳ֮֮ռ֮֮ȻʮָߵȼҾһ־Զۣ·Ҫɾʲôⶫһ㡣
һ۲֮һ͵óôһۡʶһ棬˫һϵԼ㽻ֲ٣ϵʮֶ
ԥζԸһǻԵʱ򣬽ӿռдһ𶯡ȥŷһöܲѣһǵ޲Tħǵر֮еõ֮ѣͬҲ֮ĵĶ
һöѶһ˵һǱسǿս׼ΪĲͻ
ֻһ֪ԼǷܹƶԷѾȫĸɾΪ֮壬¾͸ǳ
˭֪һֱţΪ̥еѾȻٴ˷ӦⷴӦԲ໹ǿңǼ
ô죬ⶫΪӵĶͷҲͶϧҲ֪ʹãǾ٣δ˷ѡ»˷ѣȻСȤͽʹáϾѾӲͬˣֶΣһͷӦû⣬ܷǶˡ
뵽˴һ¾ҲɵɵֱӽѶ棬ȲһӰ죬ּûܵӰ죬廹꣬Էġ
Ԥ֮ȡһöƷ鵤˵֮֮СƷ鵤ȺöʳҲֻܾôȴ粹ô
һԣֻҪѿǳɹˣպǻԷ֮е֮Ϊһʵޡ
һУŻֽѶǻ֮УغһΣû֮󣬱гλ̽ȥ


һ ħ֣ĥ
ѪΪͨΪãͨ쳹ءһһλΪħдա
֮ǰΧѪܽȦӣ㻨˰¶ʱ䣬ֱҵѨʽڣɼ⸱ۻŵʱʲôڣǼΪΰĴڡ
һڷ֮һʶؾͳطȥ룬һмƣӦеҲӦӵУһеһĿѡµ
ֻʧǣһȻ壬ȴ壬µһ̳ʯһѪ⣬ʱʱ̿Ѳһİ֮⣬õﶼûС
ʧ֮£һתսϵһϵﲻûʧϲ֡ԭձ˵ϵȻ꣬ΪأҲСϵֿտһƬڵеֹ
ùϵﾡȻ˿ȻǿĴڣ˵Ϊֻܹ˶ʶҲˡ
һԴħֶһ˽⡣ͬʱΪԷһרŽʶķţֶμ㾫ʼ̽ȥȻ˲þͳ֮ǰ治ͬĴǰ
һһ˴СӨӨԹ⣬һְĶӻԹ֮мһͷӨˮĸȻⶫˮĸǰ޺
һҪƹȥʱǶȻһֳһȻķֱ˽ֱһһȦܵš
һֻҪ̽һ´˼Ϯ־ͲԼˡСתʹЧҲֶΣֱӽͨ߶Ƕƶȥ˭֪ողȥǶͷһХһը鿪ȥ
һԾ֮ҲԷó۾ⶫ֮ǰİ涼ͬȻһʵʵڵĴڣȴˣһ־ĶʣѰûãȴͨס
һΪ۸еϲʱԺ֮ͻأĳһһȱȫ֣֮ǰӰڵõƣɼͬԴһָԵĸ
ͷһ㽫һִ֮ǰռڶ֮Уһ˲䣬仯ֻ֮ǰǿƴ޹־ȻһصĺۼʼµܱᣬϢʱ䣬һţǵµ֡
ֻһᣬúԪȥЩнܵҲҲתֻǽƴһУơ
һȻ֣⣬֮·̽ȥһ·ϣˮĸĹ٣ɱֶ֮󣬶ûһ֮С
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Ľ⣬Ͼһ˲Ѱ̽ءҵ̵ĸԴǼջǹѾ֮ϲˡȻЩռڶƬѷһ
Ҫ֪ϹŽ֮ϹʱΪĥ𵤡ĥߣ̶ĥ
ν֮ȻʾѵãĥվԳΪõĶ𵤷Ҳˣֻ䱾һɾͽᾧڵĥĲش
һΪ̫ϵߣ·ߵԶ֮ͬˣѰشĥ𵤣ȻҲãȴԵЩ㡣ʱһ洫ݹִеĹ϶ķ򣬶һĥõ
ռƬԽԽ࣬ģԭϡϡƬʼյƬȻջƬԲԭİٷ֮һӵһ˿ͬĺۼ
ֻЩ֮ˮĸΪģͬͳ˧һ㣬ͳڡסࡢȡơ̡ࡢϡɫڵ֣һܲķʽһһո¶ԶϢ
۲зʽϢһͷһ˿˿Ȼ֮壬ûƿһжҪۣһ˿˿ղоոսõľٴ
գڴħ֮вһ֮صλã̰ǹ֮һʶȫͶ֮С


һ ֮ո
ʱţת۴һħڱʱȥһգ󻤷ڵһ˿ļµĸоĵӿ״̬˳
˿صλãһ˿ӵɡǰǱһո֮ǰ̽ܵġ˭֪һһȥز˵һϢûС
һƻͲòΪԼǺ·Ϊ֮սʧվֽס˼һתͷˮĸ֪ϲ㡣ȻԼ²ֻ˵ȫûԼһ˳
֪֮ȫŭˮĸ˭֪ˮĸ۾ᶫԼһɽٸ򣬻ɵͨνռˡʱ˺͡Ȼڼս֮н̴ˡ
Ȼ񣬵սеصΪѣҲ鲻㹻ԸˮĸֻܷǿתòʳֶԸˮĸ
ֻһˮĸʱѾ뵽ܣô֣֮ʿ£ϧѴָɵˮĸһɱ鳯ɵ
⡮鳯ɵֻҪڶ֮ϣѪе壬ֻҪΪСɵĶԶƿ˴Ϊˮĸӡ
˵ʮǰˮĸܵõѪӡǣ෬Ŭ֮ųɾŵ嶼ܵӦԭͱ£Ķʿ̵ֻܹʣһڤ粻֮
Ұǧ̶ڶ̵Ȼ֪ݼˮĸȴԵЩ
һ̵ֻ飬󻤷˵ûжӰ졣ȻԴȫû֮ٲãͬҲûʲô֮ǣֻԼĵаˡ
֮ǰһҪһ㷭һĽƶһĥĺۼգûиܵļٴӿͷ
ܣѾˣѵ
һ仰û˵꣬һӰѾǰӰ󻤷˵˵Ϥÿ쿴ÿնԺ֮л䣬Ͼ˷·һĿǡ
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ͨһ󻤷͹ȥû˿ԥ΢ֱۣʾԶԷľ֮⡣
ܺã㻹ǵϣƻûбĥɣ
ӰӰ߳һ˭ˣֻ֮ǰȣʱ߶СһվϵһͷɫëѻһǶһͷëɢңͬСһĶ
󻤷һ۱㿴ԱȵĴڣʲôΪԺǧٴһƽһһȻ겻һȴϤ֪⵭Ƕɱ⡣
󻤷ûеֿ˼˵ڵؾʹ
ʲô飬Ҫģ˵ɣһǵȴһ˵ţһ߳󻤷ȥͬʱһһһһһҲ䵽ϣһһҵĿһϡ
⻰󻤷˼תķɿ죬ҪԼ׼õ˵˵ٿһǵĿʱоԼ뷨͸󣬾һ֮ھ鱾ĩԼ뷨˵
һУһʮƽ˸ߵһ˵Ӧγʹ㣬
󻤷ԣͷһֳ֮ɫȻǧУǣǣֻأֻǡ
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Ŷһû뵽Էش󻤷ˮĸϢ˵׼նɱģöԷȻں·֮ж಼һ·ʱ𼸷ɱģΪ֤
󻤷⻰ʱ֪ԼСסһ룬Ϊһ룬æڵСƾ޾ݣСת޵ΨһϣֻҪްСҲġ
һԣĿ󻤷һۡڴˣа֮ģԷҲɱ֣뵽鱨ڽ̵ĺôڻǷɱ˵뷨
ãܺãȻ˵һҪһˡˣҲĵԵСˣɣһ飬Ͷ״Ͳɱ㣡
áɱ֣󻤷һ˿â˵ͷһһݹͳ̳ķȥ


һ ޣޣͶ״
󻤷ȥĶݹ⣬һ˿¶Էˣʲô⣬ΪнƵĴڣԷֻҪһ㲻Լ뷨𣬾ͻᱻԼ֪¸ǧҲܹһꡣ
ָ˸ֻޡǽɫѻ˵ո֮һֱΪջСԱͷСһδ֮зѡ
һͷɵޣһϲɵһ˿ЦݣͬʱⱻȡСҡѵ°ͣСһ㶼ûϹʱȣΪ޵ϣСèСһ㣬ʮֱܵ˲ӡ
һԵСǳԴһ㣬ɽ˳ɵһͷһϲȥ
ֻСѽ弶޾磬ּ̫ʹ䷵ţϼԶŴʣ䲻ǿ׳ëҲʮּӲԵɽʹá
ֻһʱ򣬹εֱ죬ƺĥպһ㡣Һһ֮壬̣ʯǻһˣ½ֺþ㲻ҲҪһƤ
СܣƺҲСֺøѡСȻֲͺһҲһϹ˹¶ֺģ
һݸõ̫ϵϹŸ޶ʮ˽⡣֪СǷĽڣһ壬һ塣
Ϲʱ޺ȻͬһҲͬǿĴڣ˴֮ˮݣһһ³һһնԷѪΪǿĴڡ
統СҷʱĴڽӿռСȻһֹʹ˳ҪԷɣõ֤
ֻСȻ·ѪڵޣСȻΪǿֻǷѪȻһ࣬ȴҲϹŽڡһһҲƽ֣ټһֺల¡
Լͷޣ뵽ԼһͷޣҲСףһԳѵһʺոֵ޲ɡ
ȴ˵һ߶Ūͷ޵ʱ󻤷Ѿطֻ֮ǰͬʮϢ⣬Ҳڣ·ղųȥƬ̣;һս
󻤷һ̵ϥ¹򣬽Ǽ׵һǰ²նɱʮආɾǵ֮׸ϣϸһĻᡣ
һһ㶣ԷܻʲôΪͶ״û뵽ȻȻ͵ϮɱɽڵĻʮڵĸͶ״κζء
֪ڵĽûԽܹ⿪ǽ⿪֮վ긲֮ʱ
󻤷û뵽һ˵仰Ȼ⻰ƭ뵽һֶΣ̾˾ųɾţʮֶ֮ɵ΢΢һ
һһģ㣬Ҫɱ㡣֪ҹ֮УҪҪҪˣУҲҪʲô⡣
ԴĻ󻤷зһ˿ϣΪ֪һɱⷬϻæͷǡ
һ󻤷ⷬΨΨŵŵģһֽʮ֮ãҲ˵ˣҸͶ״Ҿ͸һλᣬ߰ɣǽµ˵תͶ̥֮Ҳǲԡ
˵գ̤һһ˲䣬ѾС󻤷ԭأΪΪһһ䡮֮е𾪡һ̣ɻæĸȥ
ʱ󻤷嵽̺ĵش͵Ϯɱʮڶ·һ̶
˲ͬˮ̣һǹһ˿Ц⣬ȴûȥ˼󻤷״Ȼͷżȴ˿ߴ٣ֻܾĵһԡ
ܿ죬̾ͷ˿ж˵ӰһХʮɫݹϢʮݹǷ񼶸֣ʮȻÿһǶɽٸ֡
󻤷ҲЩԾˣҪһһֻǲŲʣȵЩ׷׷һ룬ŵĿһԵ󻤷һۡ
ȻûдҲûдʶ󻤷װ׵֪һڽš֪ҪʲôʱһɿޱȵϢߴ
ֵתͷȥȻǿ񱩵ϢǴһǻҲﶪСϴ󻤷ڲ²Сʲô޵ʱһɿȵϢҲһϵСҲСҶɧҲһ֡


һ ֮
һҲûǾĪ󻤷ֻļϵС棬תͷСҵˡ
Сұһ˾Ͷһ󣬿ͬССԼɫëСǺۡһϢųʱ¶Ϲ޵һʱ˻
һСʩ˵֮Сұһ˼뷨ͺһͳЩ׷ȥ
Щ׷׷󻤷һ̵ľӢΪǷڡһֻųһͷСģû˿£ΪһϷŪǣøŭɶٶȲɱ
һ̣һĳǰڶ֮кЩ˵һΪһһ档
ֻСһСƨƨߵĳǣ˫ֻаɲʱСſһֱŵͣմһҧ
һҧҲҪͬʱһڿƾճǰһһռڶֲһռڶ
Ϊ˿ռ䷨ķһռڶǰȻ޲ߣֻҪմһ˿߽ǾͳΨжɽٸֲѣȴҲá
һȺ̸߲УмĸѾǺڶ֮У̶ֻͬһ㣬Ѳ
żرյĺڶǿɲһȿռ䣬һʵռ䣬նΣʱ̣Ƕ뵽һ취ҲһͷС
һ̣ռڶرգЩռڶסûڶ̸߲׷׶֫壬ȻԪˣҲݣЩռڶ̸߲ҲûϢ
ʱ˲ע⵽ǰҲﶪСһͷһһʱ䣬˶ʶʲô
ɱǣͷ
һдһ̶ɽڻзһʱ䣬˶ìͷָСңнСҷųһ
׼һСҲһһɽѣȻСڳЦƵĴС
СѪϹޣȻ֪ʲôԭһǰһСģ滹ʳصޡ
СôһЦСƺҪ֤Լһ㣬̵תһȺ׷̸߲ٴſһеĴ졣
һοСҵ죬ų˿̸߲֮ͬæɿȻҲ˶㿪СһηųĿռڶ
СΪ֤ԼѾܲˣſҧռڶһߣһǱߡһȺ̸߲׷üɹҲǸ֣С򵥵ĹģʽܿӦ
ǿǷҪʱСѾΪûҧһˣȱŭˡֻһͺСҡһ䣬͵Ŵ󣬻ʨӴСһſڣƾҧ£ʱռڶһȺ̸߲ǰ
֪Сֶ˷̸߲㣬ȴû뵽Сܹһųռڶó֮ƽ߲Χ롣
߲ͷѣȴգоһɽڻһ䣬̧һģǰһ񸱽˳ȥһڶ
Ǹ뵽ԼȻҲᱻ͵ռڶ֮Сʱ򣬽еĻһ˿ײеЦݡ

³һǸǾ֮ɫһ̣ðһƬ⣬һ𣬾ȻȻը
ֱը֮ǿǡǿݡСұͨʳءҲЩסһ˲䣬ռڶ𣬶СҲըûָԭΣը
һԵһ͹עһУСұըɣһݾӭȥһѾͽ֮ػС
һһεĿľҪ˵еޣѵսʲô̶ȡСҳûãȻΪ಻𵤣䱾ͨȴǿޱȣлɱˮƽȻԱ׾Ҳʮˡ
СίһͳһŻԹǴħһо֪֮һĿռ֮ƾħϺռ籩֮гȡġ
ʹãһȴ֪ⶫѣ˵ӪҲʳŽСҷûĿռ֮
СҼһŻԹ¶Ϊ̰ԵıԣҲǵ÷ŵʹֻˮһҲŪԹ׸Сң㽫ͬСһ͵ӿռȥˡ
һһеʱ򣬷űСŪüɹѾָͬʱͬ󻤷Χס


һ ʹߣ
ʲôˣȻҸ̻ᣬ뱾̳ɱ̽ͽأ飬Ȱ־ܣ򶨽֪ʲô
Χס֮󣬱һҲˣǵһصãħڵֻ֣ûеţŶˣǼɵȻǷСҵıСˡ
Χʮ񼶣ɽڸ֣󻤷׵ѽΪҲЩһһȻЦݣ·أһжڰ֮һ
ʲôҲһаˣЩˣҲһȺܣԼģ̸ʲôУǻЦҿǹ˳£ǽ֮һǽѡ
һ˵ţͬʱĿɨȫе֮ɫڡһȺ԰̸߲Уʱܲˡ
ˣȻҪͷ㣡
һУһڸһ棬Ȼǽսĸ֣һȻҲмɵû룬һԣ׹⳯һ
룬һֳΪֻкڣֻҪųСʲô죬ҲȻǷֵĶ֡οڽѾһ룬ԴﵽжȣųСҲ¡
ֻǾһ̣֪ԼˣҴĺܳף׵һҲûл
һһ׹⣬ǹһ˿Цݣͬʱй⻪תֻһַַֺϺϣһµ֡
ֻе˵һ֣һ׹Ӧ飬˲仯ԭ֮ͬˮһ㣬һУһССӡ
һĻͽ󻤷ڣͷͷð֣ܡҪ֪֮ȻѣҲǲܣΪһ֮˾ȻܴӸֱӿ֮ǾĲˡ
ֻǾÿܻǲܣһ뷨ȴǵ˼·תܿһٴ󣬽뷨״ơ
ֻһһը飬֮ͬʱըĻзʩ̸Ǹը˲䣬ͬ꣬һеһж֮һ
ɫӵ֮һɫһϲԭʱ˿Сҵķ֮⣬ľǴĦЩ֡
ΪеഫжգڴЩ֮ҵһЩԴĴڡȻһ֪⣬ҲܹʹЩֵ
룬ΪЩֱ֮ԼǿԪĸԴҲʹЩֵԸ֮
ΪˣٴΡֻΪ֮ϾޣִǱģȻɹȴٷ֮ȷšղСţû뵽ЧЧȺ
Ȼ룬֮ȻֻǴħԪͽףҲĴڡһԪԴгȡΪͽ׵Ԫ֮ǲܶڵġûдħΪĽƿأֻ֮һɢɳҲ˵ֻҪ˴ħһ֮ΪֶζЧһ֮ΪĴڶֻһ㡣
뵽һҲЩȸԾϾ֮ǰƣٰ߻ĿĶΪ˽̣ƿ˲ִħ򣬼˵ƾ˵ܹ̻߽⣬һ
뵽һʱʵһε뷨̧ͷЩĪ̸߲㡣Щ߲˷һĻٿһһֱ޶סĸֻĸо
ǲͬǣ󻤷Ȼ֮ͬƣȻ֣ͬͷǿϲ뵽֮ǰһ˵ܹ֮Ųſڴƻơ
ֻһ뵽һܣǾһƿ˻̵һýή͡
˼һת󻤷֪ܹסԼķչԼļֵģʱڲϺݣƾճһߵϲϣϲϣƿ̵ĸԴ˼аָ̣տɴ
һ󻤷β֪˼ЦһֻһϢ֮ٲĿת̸߲㡣
ʲôˣѵʹߣôƿ֮豾̽ͽƽȵĹΪ뱾ͽΪ飬ѵʹҲô
˵֣ϼ޻һǴȫĵطٿڣ˵Ѿӵİǰɻתĳϻ̳Ͽ֣ƺһʲôʹһ㡣


һ߰ 
һԣȻʧЦȴʱʲôʹߣȻ磬ٴδڲʱһҪţķԼƾ͵Ȼ޴ˡ
ʲôʹߣҿɵǵҵǼˣǣնɱһΣˣҲõƿֶ֮ΡٸһᣬҪֿԶſſ֮ҿΪǽתֻأ򣬾͸һɢ
˻һʱڳ̸߲㾪Ī˵һ˵նɱߴڵ񣬾ͬһشͷ
ܣߵĴڣκ˶˺Իڣɱ
ԣߣаȻҪٹ⽫նɱˣ

һʱ֮䣬м񼶸ߺšɱͳһƺ˷һʩչһ״еһ˿֣ܿͲԭڣԭЩȻǣѾǻһƬȻ˿ơ
ΪҲûʲôģһٴתħ򡣶ڴħһΣûУٶҲǼ졣һħûΪ׼̸߲ϡ
Щ񼶸ֵס͵һͣҽͷ׷ը飬֮һȥˡ
ͬʩչħնɱ̸֣һλ˵⧲һο˵棬ʵʵһսڻڶ̸ǲͬ𺳡
ǾֵͬʱһЦһĿֱֱĳҹɣ
һ䣬ֱֱǸŵ̸ַ׷˿ֻһҪ׽ĳ˱㲻ʧ֣ЦһڶɱӰ֮Уһ˶ԭء
һɽټν̣һģûжɽٸָеʣʱһסȫޣоֻңӳɡ
һ֪ǼǱ˿ƣʩչħͨ׾׷鵽ԴͷڣǴɡڴħͨԷסѴ֮ͽ֮ץ
˭֪ǽ׽ûֱħԶɽٸõʱѾ̲ס󺰴
ǰѽʹѽⶼСģָ֣ʹС̽ǰֶΣС޹ѽ
һֵ֣ǽƻգǸǴϻۣȻ̰ȴǵһֱֱֵӵġ
üͷһ壬Щ͵Ŀ˴һۣתͷ˿һɫ֣̽ʵȻˣǵһ԰ɣ˵䣬һٴγ֣˹ȥ
֣״һԵУΨһͷӶԶӶԶֻͬһԼѲá
һץɽٻһȴû˿ϲ֮⣬ֻǵĽ׽õһһܣ˿־Ŀ⣬˼һһħ˳
һΣΪԷЧħسʩչ
ֻشħһƬԹ䵽ϣʱ֮ɵ߽һ磬һƬƬֱ֮֮飬ʼ˿˿Ƶһ
һĻڳ̸߲𺳱֮ǰٱΪ֮ΪԪһֱΪԭ򣬵˭֪һΣ֮Ȼ˿ǣѴ֮ͻڱϣĴ˵Ըӵġ
Ӱ
һȺ߲Ҳܲסĳ֪˭ڵһУҲԿһľͳ̳ȥ
ӣӲˣ󻤷һͨǶץɣ
һЦһһԹ̳󻤷ӹȥ󻤷Ȼһֶοһһ㶣ҲһСĽס̣ԼҲڻͬʱͳһȺܵͽ׷ȥ
һ߿ɽٸֽʧӰǹһ˿Цݣʹ˵ʲôɫ˲
ֻ̳򣬷ȥ׷ӱ󻤷ҲƵķ˻һɫ֣ϵĽǿ׷ɱ󻤷󻤷Լػͱɫֽˡ
һɵóһæһֽ󻤷㵽ߣͬʱһƣһԹ˳ȥը֮ɫ֮ϣ߾Ȼͬʱ
һ̣һ˳ߣڰˮۣӴɫ֮˳


һ߾ ɱķ
һӣֻоԷɲ⣬ʷǿĵˡҲ˿壬ֻǵĿ󻤷һ۵ǽץôôûץԼ˻
󻤷ԣ֮ɫҪ˵ʲôȴпԣƬָָֻ̣ӵС˰²𷣣ڴˣ̽СĶԴ
̽һüͷһҲ˵ݣû뵽һ̣һ֮£֮ϵĽ
ʱ̽̽ǺˣȻҴ̣ɱҽͽǿ벻̣ס֣зΪǰһԿһꡭɡǡɢ
һЦһǵס֣͵һߴħͨԹȺ𣬶ըÿըһڱ֣֮Σ֮Ĵζ͸ģ
̽һ˿׹⣬һ󵨡ƽƺӹ̧һӣͼһƬ⻯׹سһк
ϸȥһƬ֮Уÿһ㶼ɽӰȻɽУʹÿһ䶼ͬɽ¡
һԵ󻤷Ѿŵͬɸһһ״Цһͬһ֣һħϡ
һħʮְ׹رֱһһ¡˭֪ײһǿŨ׹ؾȻ̼׷ѣ·Ԫ֮һöСһС
һöСӣһǹһ˿ԾЦݣ˿̽û뵽㾹ȻǶȹؽ֮ĸֻ֣û뵽ˣΪҪΪаΪվֻһŻ
һװֶ¾ѾʮֳԾԷԼֶΣ̵ıʣͷҲɾ
˼󣬳һ㵽ʲôˣΪʲôܹƱ֮УΪʲô֪ܣ˵㲻򣬱ǳ׷ҲҪҵ𰸡
׷ǣһ˵ͷΪҲõһˣֻʵܹһô
˵䣬һȻȳְ֡ͬҲûлֺ֮󣬷Ǽ򵥵һ
һȻ̽ȴҲһǿǬһں޽˵ǿһ
ֻΪһΪߣһ֣©зâڽһ㣬˸Ϳü򵥡
˿һȴǸоõһ̺壬һ˲侹Ȼ˿ֲĸоһֲҶԵе뷨

һ֮ȹ׽٣ˣһĴڡһͺһһϵѹȣһƳͼһöӨ͸Ӵķɳӭһ
ԼĽѹһϲöӣоϤŰȻͨħתǸһ㣬Ϊ
Ȼ֪εõһȴȻ塣ƿգһǰĴȥ
žડ
飬һ˿ɫǹһ˿Ц⡣֪Ԫжô˵ˣһҲҪԲСĿһȻ㲻ҲҪзϡ
һ̣һ㵵ĳֻ֡һһն̺ӣϣûԤ֮ܵ˺ˮһ㣬ٶȲһԿԾƳ
ôܣ
ͷУôҲǰһĻҲɵӣϸľ¾һٹ⡯һ沼ԵĹڳǰ
һڣһûлؽ˼Ц֮УһȥֻǿزַĹҲֱը鿪ٴ¶ڽ֮¡
һᣬ°Ͷֻûʱ׼ֶֹһֻһ߷һߵֵ
Ծǣƽ˲Ϣܹתǧһһ£оռתﶼȥÿÿһתûΪȡһʱ䣬Ԥȱһ֪һ㣬վ
ܣʲôˣ֮ЧԴµҲЧѵ˵˾̵Ŀǲɣܣ˵̲һĿǣսߣֻҪܰɴҵҲ޾ϵٹ⡣
һˣһ˿ŭһһĶͷһѪƴͷð㵲һ֮ǰ


һ ټ

һ촫ֻǱһѪƾȻסһһһ̣Ѫը飬һǿϢ˷ըȻһĽɾ
һüͷһ塣֮Խɱûл֮ȻʵǿͻȻԵʣҪԭħõ֮Уһ۶ԷʹʲôֶΣֻҪħķΧһж赲
ţѪ֮пħƵ֣ȻЩͬԼռģЩƬȴһƬԳΪһ֣ɢҵĲȴǿ˲١
һɻʲôʱ򣬱ϥأ˫ֳ죬һģߺΰ񣬻뽵˼䣬ָҳϵĽͽ
ͬʱ͵һ˫ۣȻ˫ϣѪ𣬾ȻٴλƳǰѪͼ
һ״ѾµҪʲôҪֹȴ˻ֱֱѪͼ¶һ˿Ц
Ȼһ˻صһ̣һǿƥʶڤڤ֮н٣ѪͼȻըһɹɫ֮ʼںϣۣܿһεڿС
˭ںһд
ϲæߺСںˡ
㣡ﴫһɻһ̣ޱȵıŭ˭˭ڱչصʱ򽫱ʶ˭ЩˣѵҪѱ񲻳ɣ
һ㶣֪ʲôʶ飬ķŭֻþֵ
ϢŭϢŭСǰûϵϣ֪ԭ˻˴ʶϢŭȫȨˣܸɳѽ
ߣɲǵ˭ɳģ˵Ҫ㣬
һŵһ㶣˵˭˸ɵģʲôʱ֪
ƺ飬һѵһȺնǷôʶػס˭˳ֶ֪Ǻã
˵䣬Ϲ⻪תƺҪɱ֡ǻ֮ɫԴһ㲻֪ҵֵˡڽʱ򣬺ʲôһ˿֮ɫ
ϢŭС֪˭˵ʶ
Ŷ˭˵
ˣʶ˾˵Žһָָһ
תͷһһۣźΪȻϢŹ֣ܻԼתͷŭĻˣҪѱҪŪɣ첻ͷ֮ޣ
˵䣬һ¾ͳͷȥ״Īֻһֻֿ֣ͬʱָһ
ϢŭС˽ͣȻΪ²ֵһᣬʵ֮ǿȵ϶ɽ֮ҡϻһ㣬˴·ŵϢҲΪ£С˲űһֱѹƣѲż˴µѪٻ飬СѾڴˡСһƬ൨ģ¿ɼѽ
Ȼ磬һҵѹŴ죬˵ҪͷٴԩȻԳֿģ
ǱŰĴڣͨϵӡҲоõԷ٣ʱͽĿٴͶһԵһ
Сӣ㵽ʲôˣ˵ӵһϢǼ٣бķǷٻ˵Ǳ֮ˣԿһѪһ֮ˣ̸ҹת
ǺεһĴħĺᣬɷ壬Զǰ˴ҽֳһʶܴһɵĴڡ
һнϾʹɷŵζͨʿǶɽڿҲҪ׳ƳæСԹ˵㶼˽ġһһȻԸˡ
ĶԻûлرκˣһҲڶСݷ֪Ȼͬ񣬵ҲǾ̫ԶҲԭ໥ܹ֮ӦڲڣܹͨϢ
뵽˴һһֶԸһ뷨ٿǸ߸ϵǹһ˿ЦԭˣС˾üǡټ


һһ ٰ
ΪһҪһƨȶϣ˭֪ûڣһͷתȻһټ
ʱЩתƬ֮仰е˼ʱͳ㵽ʲô˼
һԹһЦʲô˼˼ΪӦʲôΰĴڣû뵽һͬһ㣬һЩϣһθǶˣȻõԳơЦ
̶һ仰ԴϬ˵ǵܶණʱնɱԼľ㲻һҲйأŭһãܺãСӺܴ󵨣Ȼٹ⣬ˣ͸һᣬһõĥ
˵䣬ûȫȻݵͻȻּ֣䣬ǰҺ廯УɫӰͳ˳˿˿ռѷ죬Ȼиѿռ
һһѾ϶Լô˵ҲⲻһսԸɴĻȶһʱûȫʵܷǿ֣ͨӶԷ˽⣬ԱμƻԺ˵ʤ
ȴ˵ȴֲͬĸоһһֻʶڶϣǳ溣սһȻҲǷ٣ȴԴڸֵԪ˵֮ǰȴǿ˰ٱֹ
˵֮ǰʹõյ룬ƵֶβáһǾþɳˣԲ֪ʵĶҲ˿ţ˼һʱһֲϲľأһĳЩӰ˴һֱ⳯ɱȥ
һˣԼɱ󵨣ŭһĳһƣһߺȻðٹ⣬ӸǧС
һڽ֮УЦ˶㲻ϵĶȻԳ񣬲һѪˣ
˶Ի򵥣ָ򵥣˲䣬һһ䵽һ
һһͬʹ˴ħ򣬶һ֮ǿҵĿãһڻʶ̺ĴħΪֿҲ¡
һƵúãװױ¶ӵдħպãʱһƻûڻȫͶϣʱͳ˳嶯Ŀ̼ƾͱһ롣
ҲĻ˵һССġӡȻܹרһĴħ򡣵ᣬʱȻΣû٣ŭӵͬʱæĵʶ֮ӡ֮йĵħԵֿ
ȻͬԴĴħһųƾٴȹֻ̣ʱһѾ̺һǿһ
Ǭһնɱ񣡡
һ𷽲׷ɱʱǿ֣һΪ˶Ը񣬽Ĵȼյǿʱ
޽ͷɽڽ֮ͽɷ֮ͳ£صĺۼںһһɱеߵص
ҿһȻȹ̣дħ򹮹̣һ̺ȫ顣û뵽ԼȫһƾȻҵһ飬źɱһâҪҲ
ֻһâƺͣ͵ļɱȥ⧲֮նšϡһһ˴ӹȥԭصһһ˴СĿ
һûϲҲûмǷصԭλãĿȦŤ
Ҫ֪δĿλûϣǻͨˣǹҲҪȴΪûȫۣһذ֮֡
ؿͨ͸ĴȻʲôɫĴصĴϢȴܸо˼飬Ƿŭޱȵķŭ
ãܺãƺҧгݵ˵֣һ߹ĵ֮޸Ǹ޴ĿһŤһ
Ȼһ򣬹ȻʵȺܹնɱɽ٣ܹ뱾ƥСȻ֪ͨʲôֶΣȡһʲôնɱһǴһȥҲ˰ɣһжҪˡ
һֽԣȻһЦҪˣѵ˵Ҫɱڲɣ
һߵҲɱ㣬ҪΪһԪ֮һҪ꣬ӴΪսʹࡣ
ݾĻһǹһ˿ζЦݣԭˣҲǲѡֻĲ֪ôķ񣬶ҳ˻ȥһһȤ飬֪ûȤ֪


һ˶ 
ŭͷԣҪһеĽһ׽ĥ⻰ʱ뵽ʲôŭĺжʱһͣԴɵˣ㵽ʲô治飬˵
һԣһЦ˻Ҫ֪æܿͻ֪ˣڴ֮ǰٱȻȻͬǷ񣬵һǿǰһǿ
ƭң
ԹһĿʱ뵽Ȼɱ֮ƣʱһŭ𣬲λûָٴγһ
һûӦñֶΣ֮ͳһ֮ǰͬЩ֮мŵƬЩƬ໥һָԴħԣǴħȻǷų˿һǵһˡ
һ˿ûеģŵὣ𣬻һޱȵĽ⳯ɱȥ
֮ǰĽ֣һͻϮûáһѡóĽսǻ֮
һת֮ǰһʹﵽڻͨѾ򵽡˽֮ĳΣӽжϣת֮žߣǿͽˮǴߣལΪ֮⣬˽֮жΣڱƽĩΡ
Ҫ֪ɲĽһĲ²Ҳ͡˽֮ĩεڵ꿪ɽһ˿Ҳˮ׼˵ȷͻˡ˽֮ﵽͨģͨͨؾˣһֻ֪ʫһˡ
仰˵ĳ˽ۣ黹Բ֮⣬Խ֮һ˵Ѿվ˽˼߾֮¡
ֻԴתʵĵ棬߲ѪħͱԸʦɽˮ׼һɽٳڵˮ׼ʹó߾硣
֮ǰȴΪȡ溣ս֮ûʲôսķǼƲֶη档
ȴͬԪ˸ֵľʶ´ħص㡣һһףԷԵģʵǿĶ֡
ʵǿȴնɱԼĶ֣һþûҵֵ˵ȻҪֶʹһһ֤
Ըһ֣һʹ߶Լͽ˫߾磬Ҳ޽򡯾͸
һöԪǧ˿ƣУֶɱһһһһ뷢һƾ֮ӣԹأɱ
ɱӺɱϣҺô˴Ǻ棬򻻸½أҪıԭ
˴ӽ̳Ϊֳ̳һսܹڶĿܿԶԶ;ۼһͽս
һֻɽͽߵ˼£Բ©ҴвĶ
ȴܲע⡣ΪɢϢڳ˶֪ݡΪһĴڣһ˶Ȼʰ޲£ʱӷŲˡ
ڽͽľɻ󣬻ɣܲȽԼ̨顣һȻʵ۽Ϭ಻޴֡
Сӣʲô
֣Ѿľı¶ɣͬʱ֮Գһֻһץ

һһΧ۵ͽʱǾ֡Ϊ徹ȻѸٻ֮ʧҲɢ֮С
ڳͽԾѣܿ죬һҽд˷ʱ˲ŷЩ˶ǷŶ񿪿л̬ȵˡʱ˶֪ʲô
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ˣСԶʹͽ
˶ʶǵľ֧λһʱ䣬˵û˵ɵĻ˶ƾչʼݡ
һһӣЩ˵˱ĸѸ٣֮ڣÿ˲ڵԪͳ˼֡
Ƭʱ䣬˽ٸ֣ǿһࡣǿֱʹʵӱٿһʱɱԷġ
ʱֻʣͽ֮ٴδҽԽǲҽȻԽࡣ˵ͽǾηǱ˾·һʱ䣬˿ʼ֪̿
ˣѵҪôһ˲䣬ʵʼ֮е


һ ȥ
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ҲһȻŰҲ֪ЩͽԺռĸڣնҪɱġ
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ŻΪħεͽʱٴһʩչĴħ֮Уͬʱ֮Ҳ˴ӷ֮ʶһЩ
ıǲȵĶΣʱκ鶼źʹԽһ˲䣬һȺͽ֮УεͿʼ
ܣСﶼܴܡ
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ԭЩͽȻҪվۻһ㡣ӳȥĴɢԼĴԣɱǰǵΪС
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֪Լȥɣĳɲˣ˵䣬һȻһЦץһԵ󻤷նƿռȥˡ
һȥҪȥ׷̳ȴĵĶʱ֮СǵѡǿԪΣһѽ治̸߲ͳ̳ȥ


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󻤷һ㶣Ŀһһۣصص˵ͷϵ˼ֻѵպٳһô
ٳһ̣һЦһҪľٳһڶáûкûֻʹãܹΪã༸ֺη
󻤷ȻƬ̣ƾճһһݵϴСûԸΪ˷һպ䣬𣬴ҳ޸ġ
һԣ֪ԷڱʾҳϣҲǶԼ̽һЦãܺãȻʾģҲ㣬һħֶ֮У֮ȣ֮ǰĽƾ㲻ʲôֻҪԼ˵Ĺûʲô飬аģҲ֣ԼҲɻҪҪһֶεԼˣϾµһöӣõĻһ˵õȮ죬ٲĺô㲻ãҲ޷ġ
һ˵ϣ󻤷ɫת֣Ҳͳһݣ˵ͳ̳ȥ


һ һ
֮ϣˮĸһƬæʱ˵ӽأΪƽӦñչزͻƾĸֶЩ֮С
ˮĸŲ߲㣬ˮĸУΪһ֮ڷʩмݹ䵽·ƺͶ˼Ԩһߴӡ
ǻҲ˼Цݣ΢΢һЦλʦʦãһ˹ͿǲСȻֵ̽ϢΪˮĸһ͡
ʦĿ佱ߴ϶¶Цһչء꣬ȴΪΪڽƿչñ㱻򷢳顣
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Ŀ佱ûг̫ʱ䣬򵥷Ը䣬ߴʱȥϢͨǴ̽Ϣ׼ٻĴŵϵǰͨ
ʱһݹ˽䵽»ģǡչءصһ˭ˡ
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ΪЩǶôֻΪԷһߴΪħʱӡֻΪ㹻ܲ
˵˿һռϷ磬Ǿ̾ѣŮĿһ֮⣬̻һЩСףƷƶŮʳ֪ζԼǿ󣬸Ǻ޲ýԼڡ
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һԣҡҡͷҲҪ̫żǵˮĸУֵõͨϣ޳ɵ⣬֮ǻ·Ҫߡޣ̫ˣ֮бȻѣպٲҪ㣬æ˵򲻿ԷƱ
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ħĸ֣µ֮ʱһ̧ͷ˿Բ̵£̾һתͳˮĸȥ


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£Ȼ˼Ҫһжд̣վսˣּ˶ʮʱ⣬ĥȻԽԽ˥翹ף
ʱһͼˮĸõһݵͼٴηΪһǵص磬ֲĵͼ
һݵͼڲ飬Ϊͼṩ룬ͬҲΪصˮĸһ֮£Ȼͻƣص㣬Ȼ㣬ʱ˲һݵͼ
һݵͼ绢ɱص磬ڽڹ룬ڽͽһ㡣
ˣһսǿս񼴽һսʮ֮áһս֮ȻƲͿ̿ҲнɵʿУ٣ʿս˵Ҳ΢ˡ
ܾһ٣ɣ粢ûг˥ܵΪɳʤ̭ɺ֡
Щ֮УΪҫ۵ĪڶˮĸȻʮǰˮĸҲҪս˵ɣϴ꣬ˮĸҲɡ
һս֮УΪˮĸֳ൱ʵελҲʮҪضӭ̸ִСϮΡ
ЩУˮĸʤʴﵽųɣսɣɣˮĸսֻɣ˳ɼţŶ̾硣˵ҫһˮĸռ˷⡣
ɱȽ֮⣬һϣ˿ɾǰٻˡΪҶ֪иյĽ٣ĹУϧǮĴӡ
統ټһ磬ӢֻܵӢĽӵʮˣһθ֮£µҲ׷״󷢹ʡг֮ȻȵӢĽӲʲôٻŵ𻨣̵ʮӡνǲ
ȻˮĸһΪһ٣õԴκ˶٣ЩԴı˻ĲۣˮĸµֻҪвŸɶ̵ܵ࣬Ĵս֮г˲
ȻЩУΪʵȻһߴӡһĥ£ߴӱѾԸͣһһСһʮԽɱ˵ʵ
̶ʮʱ䣬ǺⶼӽڽԪӤƻһδս֮˺ڣΪһ֣һҲ¡
ʵµӵչ֣˵һսҲˮĸһս˵ĸ֣ɽټ棬ˮĸ涼Ȳƣˮĸһ򣬱ûС


һ˰ Чϣ
ص繲㣬ÿһ㶼һһ㣬Ѿ֮гɾͶļȻȲ죬ˮĸг֮˵ǿ˶١
ħ֮սһȵ̽ʵǵصһΧһѩĲһ㡣
صפأ޾סڼ䣬ǳΪȣǳΪΪص屻̲һƹعˣʹõصǰ㶼˵ĸݵء
ʱص㣬Ϊӽ㣬һСڣפΪǿıĿĲ˵ǹ򵽵صһ㣬
֮Уÿնи̶߲Բߡ̵İˣ֮ģԭЭ񷴶ЩĲˡ
֮Ҫס֮Ҫ˻Ҳֲ֮ͬ˼棬ñ׼һµĵٳδ
һջ̸ڼҸ߲˳һΪˮĸȻһͬμ˻顣˳ƤģһȻϲͷȴΪ⡣
еһ˿ףƺʲôڷųɾйءЩһһģûеǳȥ»ʲôͻ䡣
һԣ˵ͷе˷һأʱ̤ɽ٣ѪѾﵽ̶ȣͨѾϵȻиӦز٣ֻ˽֮Ҫһ̼շ̣ҿɾͰæˣ
⻰һ˿Ц⣺˼ǡ
һԼŮ飬ʱЩЦã̾Ϣҡҡͷ˰ˣ½ɣҲ㣬ôȥʶʶνˮĸ
ԣһСЦݣõֱߵ棬˳ԭģ
գݹˮĸפطֱڵĵȥһ·ϼ˿ݹҲûзӦ·ʩ۷һ㡣
ݹ֮УЦ׽Ѵм䣬ڳűʦڵǿࡣ
һԵ˵ͷƺ뵽ʲôȴŵһȥˡһǰһǧԵڡ
˴ǹذҪ֮أȻиػһС׶ű䣬߼Ļ۷Ͳǲ򵥵ʹȥ
һ⻪תһһ֮籡һΪҲһǽɶļϢ
ôһطȻһȺռݣǱаͽˣǱܹˮĸУ̾ܳɾͶ죬ʱ˭Ҳˡ
˵ţһգգۣƺʾʲôһݸһЦ⻰˵öԣֻص类ڶɿأǲʧ֣ҲȥԭˮĸҪ»Щء
ҲǸ߲㣬ȻÿοᶼҲЩ飬Է˵Ҳ˵˵ˣûе档
ʱŻƴΪѵһǺһ˿ЦݵȻͦѵģԼ֣ˮĸҲ֮ˡ
⻰һ˽ҲЩֻһͣҲ޴ѯʣֻܸߡ
صݵ㣬Ȼһ岽һڣʮϸ񡣵ҲסһŮĴԽһ·ԽһСľݵ㣬ͣ½Ųֱǿƾݵĵλȥ
һۡڸŮǰʱһȽ⿪ű˶ĴڡȻԾҲͬ⿪ű䣬Ů˾ګګģεĳڵ˾ݵ롣
Ƿǵͽ׷׳ԾѣϢǿңȴûиǰƬ֮һȺȺһ˼Ůֻ֣Ҫ£ʱһӺ洫£
ٶȼ죬ϢȻжɽΪһ̻֡䵽Ůǰɫһ䣬й⻪ת˼תһĨȻһòǵ걻һµ󻤷˭ˡ
¼ϣ󻤷Ȼ˵棬һ͹
һĻһ̸٣ɱ٣һҪ¹ǵһμͽȻԾȴûбĶֻǾĿţ·ûп󻤷һΪΥ̽ĵط


һ˾ Ч£
һǹһ˿Цݵãܺã
֣󻤷֪һ˵ʲôæһЦȫ࣬ûϸС˻ᣬС˽ɾ͡
һûдƶԷƨֻǲÿɷһЦ㲻ϣȻԸһöӣȻ㲻ⷬ컯ҲԼҲ˵ĿҲ֪ﲻǽĵطҸطҺúʲôܹҰɣ
󻤷ԣæͷǣ˷Ը֮󣬱һݵȥһ·㿪ʼһЩ
ԭһһħ֪֮һ˼ΪڲĶĿߣͬʱòĴħԼڲ̵ʵ
ڼʶΰ˵ʮа˾ǲϸġ󻤷һ˽ܣȻиõĻᣬսҲԸһԡ
Ȼ˴ħǣƣ֮Сʮ䣬ƾԼȻһôħһ״жΪԼ¡
˫ģȴӲƾԼӼз档ͷ·һһȻ֮ϣԲרŵúôڱ˶ĵͬʱΨһԽԽǿ
񣬳Լ֮⣬ɽٸֻʮֶ಻ˮĸʱ򻹽˵ֹ
ȻȻҲûǹԼСһϣЩҲһҪĶĿáϢˮĸϵȻսơ
󻤷һƱĪڽϺ̳֮λø֪һһδսǳ䵱Ӣ۵ĽɫôҲ̵٣ɽٸ֮оһһվոġ
ǵǰ˴פֻԼΪһһͻȻ޴ӲɽٸǰռҲֱӷ˹ȥ
˵ǻ÷⣬ֻǲ֪ûǵ˵Ļ󻤷Ļ㱨һƷһ裬˵
Ҫ˵󻤷ʲôˣȻһˣҪ˵ʲôǾֵһ⻰΢΢һ𣬶æݡ
һһС˶ģĿСҲ֪һֻֻеֹ̳Σ̲ص֮ûг֣С˴鱨ȴҲ֪һЩ顣
һ󻤷˹ģҲȻˣͽЩ˵ܹҵһ˿ıƣٴһħҲ޷ϾҪȵڶؽˣһħӦû˳ɰɡ
󻤷һҪħ򣬶ʱж̰Ĺâʮʱоⷨղ֪ħͽ˵ζʲô
˴ħȻһˣҲǵԣܹͽ֮жһģٲٻԼϡ
֮⣬ħܹ֮תһĵ·
ٴ֮ǰΪߣֻһūṩ֮ͬṩʳţһ㣬㲻ߡ
˴ħΪǣΪǼȥȻѰҲԶȴе·
ҲԭԼΪģ۳һȻȲƾȴ̵ĳ棬Ǹ㹻ʱ䣬δزܳΪµ
һٴһħͨɽڵĹؿϴ裬˵̫ˡ
ϷģСռ鱨֮оԻĶ򡣡һĴӦ󻤷㿪ʼռ鱨
֮һ󻤷˴פط𣬿˿ڶ󻤷ĽͽһҲ˵һ־ͽ
󻤷״֪һ˼ϾһϾ˫սˣջὫԼСˣȫиһĺá
Щֱһ·ָָˣһط򡣡
һԶԶȥ˵ͷãǰ·ɣ
󻤷Գһǣ̽ݹ𣬳Ǳ߷ȥһҲʹһɫŮҲȥ
ûãһƬҽڣʶſ֮ҲſƬ֮һҡҡͷ󻤷״˵ͳһطȥ


һ طӡ
һһ˸󻤷Ϣʼһ̽ڡֻصײ㼸һСڣ֮ض಻ΪԷ©ûһطǶҪ飬Լֶǣʮطͺķʮʱ䡣
ǰһϿڣ󻤷ʾǾһɵص㡣ֻ֮ǰʮڣһۼûУвõڣҲû֮ǰǰš
һԵ˵ͷͬһȥɵһ룬ͣ˶ݹ⣬Ŀ˿Ǵڣʱݹ𣬾Ȼͳɱ˹
󻤷ɫѿ˴Ը֮ǰ̽ĺüطһ̹ʲڣĿĿ¾Ϊ˶ԸЩ֮̽ˡ
ƺһ²е󻤷Щ˾ŵһһݾ͵һǰ棬ʩչԼֶΡ
Ǽķ֣һǿս϶ܶһ档󻤷ӽɽڣƿزִħĸֵ֣ûУ֮󻤷ȥ
һУ󻤷æһǰҪǳһطȥһһȴûиϽȥǻֵһǿɵص˹ȥ󻤷ȻЩԣҲ֪ΥһֻСĸȥ
󻤷նɱǰķ֣Ȼֵ⣬ֱֻϿϷûаӰ֡
ƺоʲô¶һ˿˷֮ɫһ
Ȼ־ͳְɣһԴε˵·˵ʲôҳһ㡣
϶ʱЦ˻Цһлл˱ͬһֻ׺һ㣬ѵĳɽȥƬ֮ԭƽɽȶʱһȺɱ֮ȻǿǿϢȻǶɽٸ֡
е󻤷һϣСǰȥףһ֮ɣ
һԣҡҡͷˣ黹ֻҪܹȫӳ̽ҲȥϿ֮£ײʲôȻʱ̻Ҫɽٸء
󻤷һ㶣ˣȻ⻰лһڸûԼڣһҲܽѹס˵Ȼ⼸յദͷһЩС˼ٴαһһʱ䣬һֱ߶סܵĸо
һ˵⻰֮㲻ٶ˵ֱֱͳϿȥ󻤷֪һҲǸᣬպʲôģ¾Ͳôˡ뵽󻤷üҧҧһȥ
ԼƬ̣ҲֻһƬˮɫԣȻڸɽٸڵײûп
ڶ˻Ҫ·ȥʱһݹ⾹Ȼķһ󻤷ɱ˹
󻤷Ҫ֣һͷһ緿Ĺͻأĳ֣һͱ̸ֵšһתֱӽһ˻ȥ
ǷŭĽһƬˮ֮дһǿҵıըûͻˮ㱻ٹƬ̣ˮɢӰ˳һֻץͨһֻһöʵ֮ϻ߷ģ
һ״֪ΪŲ㱻ͽѶͷ򵥵İ֮󣬱һͬȥ
һϿȷ·ף˷ûûһײ벻֪֮һһնһ˲Ԩ֮вӰ
һȻһЦԭˣȻĿռõصһСУѹѰҶҲˡ
⻰󻤷һȵСڴˣǱȻٽӽɵĸڴˣѵ˼ڴ˴
֣󻤷ҲһȻҶԷҵȴҲ֮һȴҡҡͷ
˴һСȴǲ٣ϢȻ֡һС羹Ȼڵصϣϳȡƶأ߱˼Ƿû߷ӡʲôڴ˼䡣ټ֮ǰ̻ڴˣҲ²Уԣ´˴ӡʲôġ
ӡڴˣʲô˾ȻҪ֣󻤷˵Ҳһæѯʵ
һԣԨ֮ĿһۣüͷһӡʲôˣҲֻ֪ȻַӡģȻĵˣ˵ĵ˾ѣһûдٽųܸһЩ鷳ҲǴá


һһ Сҳ
϶˴˴ӡĴڣ˼ɿʼƷ⡣ֻеص磬ԳСķӡ̽һ֮ҲֻҳҪ⿪ӡȴ޴֣ǿͻƣȴ»˻
Ƭ֮һС̫Ȼƻȴϸñ԰ɣ
ˣһһ㶣ȻһЦãȻǲܴ򿪣Ǿһԣ㲻ɹҲǲˡ
˵䣬һУء͡ɡڴ⻪еһǻɫڶǽɫ
һ־һǰһ׷״˽Цһһˣ־ץȥһץסǻҹ⣬һץסǽ⣬ױƵĳһ˹
չ⻪ҪһߴһдȻͶԭأɢ⻪ԳһʮǰСҺ֮ӦѪС
ʮʱڷ˵Ǵ뱲ӣ˵ֻһչʱ䣬˵Ƕݣͬһ˲Сһ뵱ûʲôϸֱȴֱܹСһǽСϵϢ𵱳ȴ˺üΡ
Ԫ೤ʮٱͬҲҪʮ統Сûһôڽڴ˵Ѹٽ弶塣
еԽԽѣظ򣬻صģܹվޣԼһԴҲܰСΪʵ
һλԵɺ֮£ޣǸ߶õĲϣССڶ̶ʱͻͽ
ԭһ뿪̳ʱΪ˲һߴħ͸ɴཫ֮ߣһ˻
õħְ֮취뽫֮˭֪ħ֮б̺룬Լܹ֮Ԫ˳òִħ֮⣬Ʒ󷨵ȵȶûô
һַͨԪЧʻǾ̶ȶߣħҲޣõѾ㹻˵һȻϾȻһĴڡ
ٰ֮£̫ϵѱ޵伮֮Ѫι޵ƪ¡÷õ˼ԶѺСιħѪ⡣
û벻Բ֪һԲˣħѪΪͬطȷ䱾̺سϢȻһ棬ͬسɵ޺Ѫ˵ǾԵĴ󲹡
õħѪ֮󣬲ѪС𣬻첻ȫСңǸֲϹѪ編ײ֮½ѣȱķԪҲõ䣬ΪҲ֮ˮǴߡ
̶ʮʱ䣬СһƹءСԭֻ弶ͽޣѾﵽ߽ף൱ڣСҸǲŸճֱӽףͬڡ
ټǽѪõͨСһֵ߼ޣ൱ڷֵˮ׼ǶԷûпֶΣܹڷһ޵С
ڴħѪʮַСһȻʮ̰ԣʮʱҲ˰ٷ֮һǼȥǧʱ䣬ǽѪȫɣͷɾͻһϵ
Ȼʲô̫ңԶ顣һһǼҪСҶڿռ֮ƿأ򿪷ӡ
һĽ֮£СҵĳСʹһɫСҪð̵ҽоͳԨȥ
ֻΧǰһҵĺۼתһȦһ͵ſһռѷԨ֮ϡ
һռѷ츳ͨءΪ첻㽥룬뵱ʩչǿʮ࣬һ֮ɢһҲҪСĲܱβȥ
ֻ˳ԾǣһСءСӡ֮ϣȻֻ΢΢Ŀռ䣬һҪƿȴǲܡ
һȻЩźû˵ʲôվϵС𷢳ɡǴ˼ƺڼЦСҡ
ʮĽСҺСȻûдսССֲϡСļЦΪ޴СϾʹ˰֣ءһƽУͷ­һ˦͵رٱһϹźĵϢ¶СΪϢ
ͷСһۣСһһźᣬɼ׵Ĵ͵һҧʮʮ֮ǰĿռѷƾճ֣͵һӣٱǰ֮ʼϯŰ


һŶ ŲС磬Ƽ
Ϲơƴӻ˵Ʒֱͻľ֮ԴСΪϹ֮ѣȻû̫ڣռ֮˾ſ֮γȿռ䣬һУųɾóԵͷ
СȫʩչıͨȻȲϹʱͬ壬⽥˥֮ܵȴޱǿ
صʮĿռѷ죬ųٱǰĿռ֮·һöĺڶܹһУһһòȫֵס˽ȥΨС𣬾ȻӶĵֻצӣ裬һǳ޵ռݣ˿塣
һεͬʱСҺС˼ȤۼǷӡ˿ҪڻСҡ
СΪϹޣû̫ǣһո֮ȴľԣһ˲ܸӦ˵˼
ֻҫΪ˽⿪ģȥοϴӦûһʩȻٴζſһ£ռѷٴγ֣ӽԭռѷ֮С
СʩչѾﵽһƿ״ֻ̬Ǿ̫ͣ޷ƽĿռӡ˲䣬ռѷʩչʱѹյһõݡ
һžԭһȥԨ֮һĿռ侹ȻѿһĵԲһǰһ缣ֲ
һŹᣬһħѪСڣһ󻤷ԼСһԶоͳȥˡ
һһʧСҲûоɥΪԼɹһӡνʮԵãһ֮ƾ룬ʼǴħѪ
ȴ˵һСƷļ϶С֮УһȥȻһˮǰãã޼ʵĶǿգغˮһ㶼ûС
һ֪Ȼ÷ӡʱʲ˾ƷҲҪСֻ󷨣֮һα˷ӶѲеܹ֮գ˵һС硣
һ֮̽һ󻤷߹죬ڴһƬڵλáһͻأģһĵĴϣͬһĹҲͬһʾơ
ֻһͲܱ棬һЦһһƣһ̣һռڶǰͶȥˡ
һ̣һĮǰһһЦһӣٴοʼж
һСϷϵصжٲ㲻֪һһˣƹأҹʱƽ˵ڰ˲𺣣һڤڤ硣
֮ǰ죬Įɭ֣񷡭𺣣˲磬һƽ֮ڤڤһҲһȥڽס
ƽһ㣬ǰһ㣬ҳǱڴ˼ʱһСһʱɫһ䣬ϲޱȣһͳһ˹ȥ
ֻҪǶԶҲ赲һˡǷû֮ԭֻһ򴫹ͻȻʧƬ֮ͬȻ˷
һõ壬Ϊ˾Ǵ֮ˣȴҲ˲̫࣬ԭķ׷ȥֻҪҵԴͷʱǸʱʧ
˵һҲ֪һȻͶϢ޷֮£ֻ׷һȥ׷鵽ԴͷʱҲǰһ㣬վʧ
һζһҲĥĲˡ˿ڤڤգ˷ͷһᣬһ޽
һռ䣬СΪУһȻҪǿս߷֮Уתķɿ죬ĺ̨Ҳ籡һɹǿһǿյĽͼҲ޽򡭡

һһƾһӳ⼯ǿֶεһն˵Ǳ˴һС磬СҲܲ
Ȼһž죬ԭڤڤȴȹ̵һռѷ죬ȻǱһһնˣ֮ǰ˲ռĵطˮԪؽӣʼƺҪСһһͬ
һмһˣ˲䣬ռѵķ϶󷨣һ˲䣬ԭڲСھŲ֮һڱ֡
ЦһСԼ󻤷ʹؼз֮˹ȥһ̣һֻ򳡴Сķǰ˷Ǵɫ룬һʮּܣһˡ


һ 
һ˶ͣ˽ŲԶԶˣֻʮּвֻʿ״ȴͿ˵Ŀ
ʱƺӦǰһЦϷû뵽ȻţҾȻСӣ㲻Ӫúôţʲô
һƺҲ֪ݣǹһ˿ЦݵСӲ֪ȻǰڴˣǴǰˣˣСǰ£СӾʹȥǡ
˵䣬һƾҪȥ󻤷״Ȼɻȴûжѯʣ͸ҪߡǱ˷Ż񫣬ҪߣҲЩżˣֻƺӣȴһֱŲ˵
һߵĹûװǻƵӡۼƿһռѷ죬ҪȥٴοڣСӣôˣ˼ңɲҪˣ˼ҵǰöأôô
⻰һͣ½Ųתͷǹһ˿Цݿ˿ˣףǰˮزôСӴȻҪߣǽǰųô
һ⻰ĺߺ߼żڵСӣϷ򲻹һ£ϷһװˡôϷһûٸ񣬶ҲϷĹ͡Ϸǿɶڴ˴ҪѵСǼ岻ɣ
һöԷڿϳϱסЦٲòһЦǰȷʵСж£׿ɲôöСӼβɥɲôһôܴ򷢵ġжжСӲ֮ȻǰǱСӳҲӦãֻϣȳǰ֮Щǰ̣ǰ˴ͽ̲ǡ
һϰʱһֻǱһСҪЮͷʮ泩ƺߺߵӦһǴӦˡ
ԷӦһ𷽲ּۻ۵ĹֳһǰԵȡһͳʮּܷȥ
ʮּܱ˵ĹߣҲһ챦ӦһĽӽ˲Ϣ֮ųЩ⾹ȻСǱеСΪУһӲӡ
ֻһǺεʮּȻҲһ˿Ƶж󣬶ƾǻۺֶƽ⡣
ȻʩչּƲߣ֮£ɫʮּܱԭӿϢһͻϮ֮бһƹȥ
ʮּܵ⣬˵Ŀڿ˸˾ȻǱˣǵʫż֮Уʫɷʶһǰ޲Tǵǰ޲Tħˡ
ʮأ޲Tħһʫʶ֮⣬ıӰӡǵһŪڹ֮УòĺôΪȥ޲Tħ޲TУҽ·ħ֮ӡ
һгɣصҲ෬֤ݡֻһֱûκã˭֪̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬾Ȼ﷢˱סʱ򣬲ǱթòĻᡣ
ǰһǹһ˿Цݡ
Ϸ㻹ٴ򿪷ӡѵҪٿЦɣôһǰȻһ󱲿Цͷˣɫνʮѿ
һ״Ҳ֪̲ûʲôĳޣֻԱһ£ﵽѾ泩ˣЦݾͿʼΪ˽
һӡʮǿ󣬵һܹʱȡ˵Ԫӡ֮ԼʵɲˣԼʱҲòױӡס
ӡע˵ԪѾʮǿ󣬱һʵǿҪڲ˵ƽҲʮΪѣûиһصˮĥǲɵġ
˭ӡĸһͨҲǴħ򡣶һΪ֮оմħˣȻҪôһӡУҪƽȴֲôѵˡ
Ȼ֪һħܹ⿪ӡһȴôħһ̽̽ĹУڴħԽԽϤͬʱҲ⿪ӡַʮ֮һħγɡ
ҿ
һȣһһħϴɫʮּϡһ̣ɫʮּϳ֮ӦŴħƬ
ֺϺһ⻪ͬʱһ촫ɫʮּˣѸСջһöСһС


һ Ҫ㣡
ֳʮּܣһȻһЦһϵһԹҲɢȥ
ĻԹ⾡ɢԭ԰׵¶һ˿Цݣһ˫һͬһ
ǰƷһȻЩƷ⣬뵽һǿҲϲ
⻰ӿһ˫۾Ŀһһۣ󱬳һЦСӣ̫ǾѡˣȻͬ죬Ҫ֪ʲôϷ򶼿Ը㡣˵ز˾˷ӡǸаһܿҪϹҸƷ⣬ʵҲȲǻߣٱץûܹˡ
һҲû飬䣬ڲ࣬С࣬ͻСֱӳȥȻ֪СʲôһűҲԡ
һ£ͬʱ֣һ¾Ϳ˵ʵԭһԼȫ֣СϣܹһϸϸĿռѷ칻ӳȥҲˡ˭֪һ֣߶˺ʱСңȻ˲仮һ蹵ƵĿռѷ죬ھС֮бܿ
һͷԾѣ˼СҲǳһҶ֪ʱ䲻࣬ûзϻȺݹͳǿռѷ˳ȥ
Ϊ˽ˣһһ˽Ŀռ仨ʮʱ䣬һγһ˲ɡ
棬һк˾Ҫߣȴһ٣ͷǷӡԼõС磬ЦһһУһɰ籡ȻСͳɹջһöС
һȻȫܹ֮һС磬Ҫ˵ȡȴ붼룬ԼһС磬ʱЩĽҲ֪֮˵ָһһ˱ȥˡ
ȥһռѷƾտһ˳Ȼһֱ
ԴӴսʼһֱһ£ûܹġһȴò
ֻԨʱеһУԨӡС磬֮ǰĴ򶷺ۼʧеĨȥ׷鶼ûа취
òץסһԵƷͷȻˣѾҷӡȫԽʹԽѲԼӵõȻæѣֻҵֶǱشǱ˭ҲҲ¾Ʒ⡭ԣһˣѵ
һӰԺ֮У뵽һȻ֪һݣʮʱһҲս϶γ֣Ҳ֪һΪˮĸ̫ϳϵݡ
ֻһˮĸһսݣɭޱȣҲûа֧Ԯ֮ǰһץټҪҪ죬ûʱҲ磬Բһϵ񣬿һķӡƣٴ
ܣȻһͨʵ̫û취ƿĿռӡ˵ľؿռ䡣ͨˣǾ˵ˡΣǴ¶йءɱһ˲ͷ֮ޣҲϣû취ʹãһǲʲôطһƻҪ²źãһٷ̣ʱҵɴ£ʱ罫ڣ壬ΪӮң
뵽ûзŭ֮⣬ͺɫһЦһ֣һɾ籡ɽƽһתʧ
ȴ˵صԵһɽУһ󻤷غԣΪ֮˲תѡ
ǰɺЩˣСﻹмöƷ鵤ȻƷЩƲָܻǰġһѯʵ
Ʒ鵤
ҲǳһȻΪǿȴռˣ鵤ȻҲһЩƷҲࡣһüͷһһۣҪ뷨ֻһɳ費˿޷ֻһСӣҪʲô˵ɣ
һֱӴ鵤ֶҲ죬һЦ֮ʮöģ죬Ϣͬͬҩ鵤˵˹ȥ
ǰռˣ˸壬ұ緶ֻСⵤҩҲǰּۻۣһлǰ˵㡣ֻСһ飬ǰסˮĸСӶȻΪϱϳ֮λҺͬУһǰĵҩˮĸˣ֪ǰΣ


һ 鵤
һ޲TħҿʫɵĶԻƺ䱾ǸԶ޲Tħ֮ϵĴڣҲҷΪһʲô㡣˭֪һʲôҪҪľȻԼһʱ䣬ıҲһ㶡
̧ͷĿһһۣƺ˼Ƭ֮ڻҡҡͷСӣСǻʮǰһҪΪ鵤ΪҲǲУϷһø̤һҪҲﲻˣԴ»Ҫˡ
˵䣬ƺ뵽ʲôִ̧һöתС裬֮ǰС磬һ˹ȥöСаҲ߶ˣûʲôôӦÿãҾ㽻ҲҪˣʮö˲Ʒ鵤ɣ
һ֪ĸֲշҲ׼ֶΣܹԷԼս⻰ʱһ㶵ǰ˵һѵ˵
ԼĻ첻µزµСסҲЩ⣬һЦһʮǰϷͿʼҪ֮ǰܵĸˣҵƿշһ˭֪ͷȴа֣͵ϮʩչֶץȥֻѾ̤벽ҪɱҲǲɣʮ䣬аֶΣĥңҪҵо硣˭֪ȻĥԪȴҲ˸˼ơСӽȳֻҪ㹻Ԫ䣬Ϸ̾Ҫ̤գȥٲ
̤գȥ
˸˿м򵥵һ˶ȴͬըסҪ֪ɲеգȴһҪĹؿ͹̡Ϊֻгɲܹӷѣ첻ȵɽ磬Ѱߵľ硣
ֳɾѳһ꣬Ϊ٣ûһ㶯˭֪һ˾ǰһܹƿճɣҲɵЩ
鼤һǺܿͻǵЦ⣬ԼеС磬ԭһҪ£ˣ˵Է𻯷̬Ҳһٰʮȵı仯
ͷ⣬һת˵СΪΪ˼ƣû뵽ǰѾߵһǰˣСҲΪƷ鵤ö͵һƬ⣬ǰٵɵ
˵䣬һһӳ䣬ɫ鵤ʮöľͷ˳֮ǰʮöպһö
һ󣬱ǼɵҲ¶һ˿֮ɫȻһöƷ鵤ǸСĿԾزĿ鵤࣬Ϊһۿȥһö鵤Ʒÿһͬ
Ҫ֪ͬĵҩùһ֮ٴʹЧήһ֡ԽǵȼߵĵҩԽԡѰ£һ˷һöֵͬҩƷ鵤ҩЧܹӳʮö鵤ٷ֮ٵĹЧͺܲˡ
һÿһö鵤ͬǾ˵һãÿһ鵤ܷӳٷ֮ٵЧãһ鵤ҩЧ˵屶ϡ
ԿЩ鵤жϲ֮ɫָÿһö鵤ǾתƵһ
󣬱˶ϲȫеҩֻĿһĭСӣѵħĵ͵˲ɣ
һݸû˳Ӧ£Ʒǰһ²ħĵȻ񣬵ҩҳһƷ鵤е⣬Сӣ˵˵⵽ôģ
һһ㶣˽⣬Ҳͷڡ˿ǰƯ鵤ǹһ˿صЦ
ʵЩҩԴܼ򵥣˵װװףɸɾ߶մϱߣΪЩҩһ⼸ʮɹ
ʮǰڼʶ֮Ϊ˼ӿͻƾ磬ʼĻִе֮ϣ֮ǰԼ뷨ʼʹСƷҩƷ鵤
Ҫ֪񾳽ϣܹ򵤵ģҲҪƷϵ鵤鵤˵ʵҲΪȱҩĻȱ޷ơ
ڼ̳̫ϵֵõСʮҩ˵ȱֻǿ¯뷨ˡ
뷨ҩ̶֧֣ʮʱһʹʮ¯ͬʱ¯ǧΡȻд붼ʧܣվɹ¯Ʒ鵤ǧöóĻ鵤ʮ֮һˡ
ֻԴƶжϾʱƷ鵤û飬Ҳ˼ƷһóôҲˣΪ֮


һ ׳ɹ
˵һ鵤һһ¯һ¯ģνײΪϵ̫ϵԱ̶ܳȱ߻øܣƽ׽С׵ˣˣڲ·˲롣
ƵĿ⣬һȻ֪Լ㲻˵ԷҲԼһһжµɵǰɣȴǵòʧģ˼һתֻ˵ĸ֣̫ϵ
ڴһ𰸵˺Ȼĸ֣һһ˿ȣܿһ˿Ⱦɢüͷ΢壬·һѰζı飬ƺڻƺ㽡
ܿ죬˾ʹе֮תЩ鵤૵Ӧ֮ˣֱ̫Ǿأ˼졣Ȼ˼ҵʧ̫ϵżǽ˱ɣѹܹѸٵĽϾȻеƷϢ
һһ㶣ǡӦ֮ˡǡ̫ǾǡƷÿһֶûϡһʱ䣬ͷ˼֡
˶õ̫ϵĲ²⣬Ҳ˵õ̫ϵûе鵤ǡ̫ϻ̫ϵִУԼһֱڣûж̫֮ţϱ
̫ϵһ鵤ȣһǡ桯һǡ㡯˵鵤ֱӣվƣ˻Ǹϲǰߡ
һû飬Ҳ˵ʲôһö鵤ͽСһСӣ̫õ̫ϵ鲻Ҫ˵١Щ鵤Ҳ׵ģСа˵ûʲôô˵ǲз򣬻뷨֮УΪһضкô£ҿԴӦ㣬ڷ֮ǰΪһ飬塣
һԣ˼һתֳһлͽС磬ͬһϵ˵ӹٽһö鵤˹ȥһֽǮһֽˡ
һǵһΰæʱ򣬱˿ڵǰ֮ʱҴӦش㼸⣬˵ҶãԽ֪ͬⲻͬ⣿
һҲûһ˸ܹԼٿȫ飬˿ϸԼѯʵĻᣬǿƺʲôԻش𣬱Ϊϲ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
˼һǿҲ΢⣬ͷһһӣųһ⣬ҵմըֻƾճһƬɽҰ־ԸӦһбϢȻһС硣
һСȻ֮ǰõСԵ˲٣˵˼㿪һܵؽǲй¶ģֻҪܿ̽УСҲ
ֻһ⿪СֶΣȴٴ֤ʵ˵ʵȻṳ̂ɵɵҲûʲôˡ
һͨһ˳ԾѣѾһУһ֪˼ǲõ̸֪ٷԸ䣬󻤷лطԼҲˣһСȥˡ
СһƬɽ룬ԶʮɷԲνġС硣һԶ˱Ŀһ裬û֮ǰ֣ٲȻһʦͽģ
Ƭ̣˵ɣҪ֪ʲôֻҪ֪ĶԸ㡣ҵһ䣬Уе֪̫̫࣬粢ʲô¡
һԣ˵ͷлǰָ̣С£ǰһһС֪аı£ǰһϯĴ٣Ҫ֪ǰ㵽ʲôˣ
⣬üͷһЦЦĿһһ۵һڶ⣬ʵ㱾û̫ϵΣΣСӵʣǧ꣬˵ʲôϵһҲ޷ֻѵͲ֪Լˣָ㼸䲻ɣ
һԣȻһЦ˵СȴҲ֪֮ѡ̺ش˼вȻҲҪ⣬ǰָ㣬ȻٺòֻҸǰݣСӵǰЦСӾûԼձȽϺá
һ㶣ת֪֮꣬꣬಻вٶšҲ졯һŵȴûУ⵭֮еűҲһ
ãһԼձȽϺãȻˣҶԻش㣬ͺúŰɣ
ϴ
һ⣬а񵽵ҪʲôҲʮ򽻵֮ȴΪһ䲻˵ȫУȻ˾Ųʮ


һ ̫
ʱ֮һɫӵĴС߳ͷ˿С̩֮Ȼˣֳһлǰָ㣡
˵գɲƣղ˿еõϢü޵飬һ䡰ȸˡΣƿնȥת۾ͲӰ
Ƭ֮˻ת߳Сһߵķ򣬵˵ͷ̾һ
˥٣ʼ١ɽ١١ϻʡʡԿٵأɱʽһʴѭӯϲҲпʼΪԪ֮ĩĻ١ӿǱɣܵλϷӣƳǧꡣֻƳվֻƳ٣ǿɵһвǿΪΪߣһ˿ˣνΪ벻ɻˡȻֻһƬϹʱȴӽɾġ桯һ֣Ϊ֮һһˡֵĩ٣˱˥Щаռȥ±˵䣬ɽ綼ĶˡϧɷЩϼһ˼ʹȻᱻϽЩһ﷢֣һǧҲͰ׷ˣѲֻܽЩ󱲡СӣȻӦ֮ˣǻ֮ӣû뵽Ȼ̫ǾϡϼһƽʱǺϣǱҲ򲻹ֻȴãǺӾ㣬ϣҲ㡣ȻأҲȻʲôࡣϣҸһ˹ؼЩ鲻ҪΪϰΪһ·ƽ٣Уպɽټɣ
˵գһ֣֮ǰС𣬶һת㻯һԹʧ
һߣȴ˵һȻû˺˵֮ذأ⣬ıϯĴ٣ͬʱͷҲġ
ģǵصֱĴΪƿĵܹͨΪΪ뻢ıƤǼһһˣͨҲˣֱΣ䣬ûһҪ׽Ƥͷֻޡش٣Ȼᣬһ澭Ϲ֮Ѿ˥ܣ̫࣬ٱᣬȻ޸֮աһѹɽڷħҵʱҲȻ׼ֶˡҽ֮ҲȥһҲá˵ݣǹ죬ȻԳƾǾҪ֪ȻԳǾ˲٣ľǾֻһϹʱƿرǣԼǵǾɱף̫ϵ֮ҲмصĴڡ˵һ˵̫Ǿ񲻾ǡ֮֮֮꣬İ׵֮ӣ죬սɱһλôп̫ǾǵʫɡһȻλƹɱǾͬʱ֡ơ췢ɱޣطɱ½˷ɱطλǾתͬһʱ꣬˵ɱ֮ȣ˼ս󣬳̶ȴ̫Զѵ˵ɽ磡
һ뵽ǴһҲͷѡܿҲ侲򵥷һ£ڷɱ飬Ȼ˵´ӳ̶˵Ҫӻ˵ȴǱȽңԶˡ
ǰҪƻıǵغͨɹơӶ硣
ְֱܹҲİ취Ƕ˺ֱ㲻ܣƻļƲߡϧǣΪԭ򣬼ϳ֣ԼҪֱǾֻͲ˰ˣ뷨ֱӷ
취Ǿֻˣץʱ䣬ȹƵص㣬֮ǽɵϲǶгʱҲϻܲסȺǣֻʧܸա
ֻһ뵽֮УΪŻʤʼֽ֪֮һ꣬ҪԸǿĴ٣һʵʮҪ飬ÿÿҪսҶڳƤ
֮ǰܼˣȴΪشٵвʤٵвǱɣҸʲôֶΣܼǵĶ־СˣȻⲿƣҾ÷֮ڲʩѹټգν޲ǽͬʱʹϣӦûһЩϼһסŶԣ
뵽һǹһ˿黫ЦݣҪƿȥ㣬ȴ۷һ˹ȥ


һŰ 
ʮĴսڽ̱˵˵ص㣬һսϣΪ鲻ǰڵⰲӪկȫȻһڹ̬֮ƣûڽ˼
ʱƣӦص̾Ȼһ̬ĿʼѰƽһС֣һ֣Ȼûһγ˷أҲߵĸɵֵÿ಻ԡ
һڲû̫ӣ෴һ֮󲻾ãԾ֮ˡ
һ˵̵ͽ磬һ޵е˸֣֮ûг֣ΪıֶΣҪһˡ
ڶ˵йأ˵˵ĸ߲йء˵֮ڵͣͲǰΪڹƵ㣬֮սƷ䲻ɵġ
ս֮У𱾾ǳ£һȴͬΪǵһǵڶͷͷǵ
һԣ˵̲صʱ򣬾Ȼ˵صڲصܣܹϵ籾õ׼һ׼ɣһٷ̣绯̵ء
֮Уڵصڲصжֲ²⣬е˵ͨԴ֮صһԿףе˵ֱص׺ĵͨһ㣬Ȼпգȴиݣƺÿһ²ⶼʧܡ
ڶϸ߲֮⣬²Ƹһ
̴򽻵ÿζòô಻Ǽ֮ʴķȲʹãҲǿҲƷô˶ڹ̲ûϵ뷨
ǴӴ˴֣Ը㣬ɱ˵Ԫ֮⣬ʹõҩ֮ȣ˸ϲ֮ϸ΢Ӷó˵ǽӶĵҩȶúñ
̲ص֮󣬵صȻתͽصĻȴû¶ȻǱղԼӶᣬϵص壬Ƹ˵ҲһӴԴ
һϸ㣬ٸ˵߲ӡ֤Ȼ㲻ֱ֤ݣ˶ƲţȴҲв˰˽ȻҲš
˵ֹߡͬҲɱǻۡ䲻˵˿Ϸ죬ȴҲкĵطټһ˽ֵ֤ûþʹڲһʱ֮䣬ԭ㰲ȵˣڳһ˿
һеʼٸһЩͨ󻤷µͽɡĿı֮ضͨڲѹȸ߳һڱȳɵϲģ˲ܽһٶˡ
ȻڴԿʼʮգԭһһε˸߲龹ȻǰʱٿȻһƤ˶֪һδĿԵ⡣
ԵԴã˵硣˵̴ɱ֮ƣе˵ڲҪ췴ŴϢ˵ڲҪˮ˸ּһʱ侹Ȼûһ
һΪˮĸ̫ϹڴнŵϯλֻƽԹۣһԼĲ֣ȻҪڿһ·
Ҿã̵ɱ֮Ҳã˭ҪˮҲգΪۣ罫̳𣬲
˻ڣʱ˱ܻĽɣֳһƬ֮ٴοʼ۷׷סһۣ㿴̵ɺ治ͬ
֮б󲿷ɣһŵ߸Ȼڶһ˴ɼɣɢ޺СɡˮĸһȻֳʵһΪڶֶһģԴ֮С
֮УͳˣΪħб𣬸пǣԼ⣬Զһ鲢ʾͬǷԣĬƺȴʲô
ڵڶɵһ˴ɺɣڶ࣬ʵ˵мڿǵɴУģԼ֮ش٣˱ʵ뷨Զһ鶼ʾԡ
ڵɵɢޣΪڶ࣬ȴݬ룬ҷɣģһȺˡͬҲΪЩвҲ̡һһҪ̣ɢ޴ͷ׷ױʾͬ
ˣԹۣ۲ݣһʱҲûһ֮Уһ֮УǰļͶˮĸռͷתǹͷһѡ


һž 
һȺдˮĸǺųƶˮĸǰȥǰ棬̽һ̽ʵǴãǾƴӱǣǲУǴ¾ݻΡ
˻һʱɸ飬ħŻаɣ׷ױʾͬ⣬һˮĸȥǰվ̽ʵ
һԤϣɨЩ˵ҪˮĸڻңҲǲУֻˮĸˣǾǴӦҾȥǲ֪Ǹһǲң
һԳǷ˻֮ʱһ·ɱ֪иָǶ಻Ϊ֮·һɱ
ֻƽеһ㣬һ˲ɱȻųͨĿݳȥʱЩ˶סƬ̶ûع
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ſˮĸЩаħˮĸ˵λãһȥŵľȨټϷųԿôգ׷һǰ
һǰʮаɺħŸ֣ɽ٣ʮ˶ǷڣԲĸ֡һȺȥ̾ͿһŵĴɡˮĸһǰȴЩ
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ЩаħŸֱ˵棬û뵽һȻᣬھˣһʱͳһСɽٸ֮⣬˶һᡣ
Щаħŵĸ֣Ǹɵ漶һǿȻЩһͷСǴûһ꣬ӱ㲻ϵСܹᲢۡ
ΨһɵĲˮĸЭˮĸͳ£֣Ҳ߹һ㡣
һγ֣ǾǿҪִѹˮĸġ桯֮иߵ˵Ȩ
˭֪ѹɣαһӡһʱ䣬ЩͲ˹صаħŸ־̲סˡ
ƺһγҲЩɵûʲôĵǽһ񣬳ɽٲ֪Ĩ֣ѹ֮⣬˶Ҳ˵ͻͬųһ
һҪ֣СѾͷȴһЦһһӭһȺɷ֮ͬʱһЩආͲõˣǣ
һԣ֪ҪҲ΢΢ͷվЩаħŸ֣СѾͷ֣Щɣ⻰ʱŭڣһţҪˮĸһЩÿ
Ǻεõʮǰݺˮĸеǣͨһڵķʽƿɼ鱦ͨˮĸһҪСĵ⼸аħĸ֣Ȼ˶ڣȴĲ
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ڳһ֮⣬ˣŵĸɽٸ֣¶Ծ֮ɫ
СѾͷȻ¶֣ǽ£
ŭһԣ׼ͷĶɽٸڶˡղŵĹ⾰Ҳֳɽٵʵһ˳ֲãӣͬʱ֡
ڳֶ¶ӵı飬ɢ֮ҲмƢĸ֣ھҪֻаɺħƴȴû֡
һɱһţЦһ˵ͷͽ⿪ӡɣ
ɽҪлҲ΢΢Щأһ仰ʱЦ˻ͷһǡ־ͷһö
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ֻʱλŸ߲Ул˼ɫЩ죬໥һջǾտڲᡣ


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룬ҲϮɽ٣һ룬һͺһƽ⡱һɫ⻷ųС׵ʹùһ崫еƽ֮ƽֻһʹǶԵУǴн롣
˶ʱ򣬡ƽľɫȦѾؽ֮ϡ񡮾ƽʹǵС׵ǧٱˮ׼һ˲Ч
ֻǽ֮ϣһµֱɫȦ˳ɢÿһɢԭͬĽ룬бķųǿϢ
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Ҫ֪ɽ鱦ǿΪɴĴڣһжɽ鱦ɵڸֶ̰𡣶һΪˮĸ̫ϳϣˣҲûеס̰
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һΣٴμһɽ鱦Ͳһˡһʱ֮䣬˿һĿⶼĹʡǴ˴֮У棬̾ҪȺ֮鱦˵
һȻ۵ףΪս̵ĿģҲ˲躹ޣ౩¶һҵףСʵֻº鷳ˡ
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ۣɲҪǣһȣ֡Ȼ˵úһ֣ȴó˿ûֵ˼
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׶״ͨܵͷҾ磬˶ʱΪʲôɽٸô׾ͱܣʵˡ
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ͨͨȻҪʩչ廹̫ǿб֧֣ʩչʱ򼸺ԽԽԽԽ˳֡
˺ɴཫͨһϴͳɽϵȥöɽٸҵֻм֮޻֮


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һֶΣʹڳֶӡһһٰʮȵĴת䡣ǶǳԾòУ벻ƽһСѾͷȻ⺷һ档
һʱ䣬˶ĿһҪ𰸣һȴֻһڱĿ̬ʹˣǸ̲ѡֻȴ֪ʱһҲǰԿЦѡ
Ҫ֪ˮĸϴˮĸˮϵ޵Ĵɸ֣Ϊˮĸ洫ӱΪԳ·ҲǼްˡ
˭֪ԴһˮĸУͨɼ鱦֮ͨСѾͷˮĸеͬʱȻ֮ͨһǿֶΡ
ٿϴͨɽС⣬ﻹаޣˮʦֱһޣ͵֡
뵽ˮĸиٿһͰԿЦѡһʵΪԼȻҲԿһŮҲֻܰԶǡ֮顯ˮĸμ⣬Ҳû뷨ˡ
ȴ˵ͨôɽٸֵʱ򣬷űһӴɵλҲڷ˻
ͬĲ״һ뷨ӣٿڳ˶ԼһܣⱲҲܷջǹһΪѵʱɱ˹
ֻһոպɣʵ۷ʱʲôʹáǼԷɱʱ˱˼һĶͷͷһ֣ƹ֮½߳һģһ̬
һĻڳٴγһǶʶ֮ˣһ۾Ϳͷ߳͸˲Ǳģǽ֮á֮ӱ֮նķ
˵ħͬڷںħڶáߡħֶδӱ֮зֳ񡯻֮൱ġħ
ڡ񡯺͡ħķֻÿһǿһݸ򣬸ٶȣӼսʵ÷ĺôÿһֻܹ˶ᾡܶķֻ
ǡǡħ屾Դ֮зֻֻӰУԴɥʧƽֻܹһҪķѴ뱾ԴٲҶֻǾţʲôϡ䱦Ҳ಻ĸͶˡ
һųŸǱ˵ľűǵҪӾŷݸ򣬲۲򣬻ٶȶҪԶԶˣҸֲǣʩչɽ鱦ӣҲɲ˲ˡ
˵𾪲ֱͬŸĶɽٸǾŭӡΪԼΧκԣҪ˾ȳ˭֪˾ŸԸ
СѾͷȻСңҽնɱٲΪ
ͷһᣬǶɽٸʵսֶֺݶ˼֣ȻһھѪƾջƷʵħǰ
ħħħͷͬħ۶ɣضڵȿռ֮СЩȿռ伫ѰңҲ򿪣ռ֮ܽӴԲųΪħ
ΪħħۣԶֶ֮ЧڡɵķҲΪЧ
ֻħһ˺ƽƴһʱ˸ٻһǶɽٸȻЩħɿˣȽֶҲʩչ
Ưһħڳڶֶѣ׷׷ųֶ赲ħһҲһ⻯ν⣬סΡΨջط񣬷ƾһ
дǶɽٸָǹѣһħˣһħԸŵ
ЩħٻҲ̫Լڳû谭ֻľŵҲ׷׺Хųŵȥ˭֪Ǹȥһ̾ͻأʧ
ħȻһһ׼ڷ񼶸ֵķ˵ôҲҪһһα˵һ㶯ûС
ȹǶɽٸҲЩԲ׼̫𺳣СֻѪ߶ħϮ
ֻľŵ޵׶ħǰȥãһ˾ûϢ
ʱڳ˵ע⡣һʱ֮²׷ף˵ŵסħҲ˵ħͶ˾ŵֻǰǱ˵ŵħȥûзӦ
˵ȴûһȷ𰸣ΨһȷǣЩħ岢ûӰ죬Ϊ̶̵ʱٴλӳʮɽٸִüѪ


һ 顯֮
Լͬ鱻ðǶɽٸףһ˱ʰһֵԼҲסһͷǾŵɱ˹ȥ
ŵȻ幥ĳɣŵҲ಻൱֮ǰħʴЩӰ죬һսֻҪܹȥһŤתս֡
̴ֻվֻǸƣѡһһŮΪеʱע³
ƺպյɱȥյǰ岼Ƶľŵڶˡŵ岻ͬû֣ͨʩչķˮĸһóˮ
ÿһʩչˮвͬǲԣƣǱѩأˮ׷ɡˮĸ̬չţֻΨһ̫ȲѰֶΡ
Ƕɽٸָ϶Լ벻Цһͳһɱȥʹõһװ׹ħʹǹ⣬ƥǹǽֺ⣬̬˷ʤͬҲҪСĶԸ
ΪԷһֹ仯ӽնɱ֮ʱһ˿˭֪һȥǵһû˿赲ͱгƬɢ
Ȼȫ׼ȴնɱһһȭ޻ĸоʵʵڵնɱоҲӦǷϢȷɡ
ϲ֮࣬ȻϷŹûᣬ̾ͳһնɱȥֻʩչ˴ν˴ζ鷢ʣ˵նɱ
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ףôѵЩǼٵĲɣ
ͷڶɽٸͷһͷ˹֮ԭȻնɱ˾ŵ񣬵ŵʩչˮȻԭأھŵն֮ŵˮ࣬һƬ
ɽٸּͷӿһ˿õĸо׼ѵʱԭƽͬ羰ˮȻұ仯ֻˮΣ˪У¶Ϊһ˲䣬ƽȻһɱ󣬾Ȼסȥ
ͬʱһһƬˮд˷ˮԣת̬ѭֹԺ֮Ԫ񣬺飡
⻰ɽٸԽԽòãҪѣֻһĻԽԽ࣬һƬˮҲԽǿ
ֱ󡮺顯֣ԭֺϵľŵˮȻڻΩһԭͿ񱩵ˮǿʮӲסǶɽٸ־;ȥûϢ
ڳһ𾪣һȺд飬ȻΪ֮壬Ĳ鲻
˻һʱȺ֮оһɧ֮ҲͰˣŸҲ˵Ϊ飬ȴһˡ
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ֻ顯֮ʧ꣬һһﲻ϶˼ϣȴǾԹۣ⡮顯Ǽ١
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顯ôеõƬԼô̫ϵشˮĸһеġһɫ󷨶ɾ͵ģһʩչΪԣŵ顯ָۣսûͨİҲܹɱɽٸ֡
οղһħŵġƣֻʯ󺣣ʵǱתƬˡ顯һ֡ʹԭġ顯ǿһݡԴ˳֮£׾ͽǶɽٸ׽
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һ ໪
һƬˮɫ磬ˮɵľһ΢΢һ̾һɫˮĸУԷ飬ɾͺ飬ˮĸȻ磬ȴվ˸ߵľ磬ҲҶˮĸһһ㲹˰ɣ
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һƺƣǶɽٸ䷽ó·ֵĶɽٸ֮һ
ǶɽٸֱѾƴȫֵ˭֪һϸһȻǷżϣǵͬ飬ʱգҲȥ
Ҫң
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ԼУ͹ֲˣ
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໪ʧڴ˵еϹ֣һش٣̷ģҲԴ֣ɱ̻ˣٴ£𾪡
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ʱһԵĮ˵뽻֣ĳ㣬·͵ϮҲҪһҵĳ
໪ЦϹı㣬һôһû뵽ֶֻǵתͷȥֻԼзų赲һͷħȻԳʵ壬ʵҲѾֱɢ
໪Ц˲ᡣҪ֪ͷħι꣬Ѿﵽ˼ףͬڶɽٳڣԵ֣Ĵڡ
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˭ɱҹħ໪˼Ĵе
ʱһպƾ֮߳䣬˵͵ϮҪۣɱħңҪˣȴ֪˲˹Щħǿ˶١
ν˲Ҷ̣˲һɱħ˵⻰ȴֽ˶̡һʱ䣬ǳǸ໪ϹҲ̲סһַųϰٵڤצͳһɱ˹
ɽڵϹɽǰھǲһֱӽ˺´ø֨ҡɸֿⷬ󣬳˾ʧ⣬˶æ̿ռ䡣
һ״ȻһЦһץܵɽ׵޽֮󣬶һСģȥٻءָΪ໪˹ȥ


һ ˼䣬̫۹
Զɽڵ໪һûһʼͼ޽Ҫڴս֮ǰ໪⾭ϹһԽ
໪֪޽ҲͰˣһӵжɽ鱦飬˲֪˲ټֶԵУɽ໪ȴǳ׵ˡ
һɽû޽ķ֮⣬ལԼΪû˿һʩչҲƥ;ڤצ
໪ҲһôҲһֻкΪˣûơ
ܿ͡ơһĹƣ޵Сӣضǰд߶鱦뱾ΪУҪ豾ڱͷϣ¶ˮĸСӴ̣ҴˣȻñĵʯ
໪ͷһᣬһɱֻצһ˫ͺһ˫һӣһɭ
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һΧĸ֣ڳַ׷ױɫһųƺǹսʲôһ㡣
һ̣һС˼䡯ֻ֣رɫ޹⣬ԭúһʱڤڤһĴڣһͷͷӰƾɣڣҲǲǵˣһȥ
˵ӰȲħǰ㶯Ļ꣬˵ģǣǷǾ綾һĴڣһȥΪҪ
Щڶ࣬ÿÿһǰгǧĹ֣ȥǺѹѹһƬԣһ˲мɵĸΪΪ㣬Ⱥϣƿ˺ҧ꣬ҽ֮
üɵ֮һԪڵˣͬɽڵ˳ּ֣佫һ״ķ£סˣŵֵסӰĹЩǳ⻰ˡ
ȴ˵ڣһš˼䡯Ӱüͷһǽ֮أĹ⣬ֻǾĹֻǱԵ໪ļٹ˲Եơ
ֻһ⻹Ǽޣֻܹ֮һаնһΪǰ·ɽЩɱȥ
Щ࣬ǿٶҲܿ죬һһĽȴԵò̫ԶΪ̽һⲢֻһ򷨡Ľ֮־
ǵضĹ֣һתʩչⱾԴ޽֮г֡һļȴûֹͣԽһ޾Ľֺϱ仯ÿһ˲䶼ҪʮĹ֡
ֻһԾǣ˴ĽɱȻû⡮˼䡯еĹϡһ㣬Խӵ
˶໪һֻۣԷЦĿԼһԺ֮жʱֳΪ࣬໪Ϣ
໪ĳǹޣȻȴǽ֮ǰ֣Ѿģ֪Ҳ׸һȴ֪ʮ䣬໪ٴγʱһ־ͽ̶ɽٸõֶβûʩչľ¡
֮壬֮Ȼҵַſƣִ˵ȴǼΪѶԸĴڡѰ¾ܴҲԽɱ໪һ־ܽˣɽڵΪҲ԰쵽ǡҲп֮ķš
һ˼һֻһͷӽ֮߳ŽΣһͷǡ˼䡯֮С
Ȼͬ꣬һһ룬Ϲʱ򣬽гɵĻǷֳΪͬ
մһͶ⣬ͻһû֣ڶ֮УöԷûзӦСһ׷á
һȫ鹦һŻ̫۹ֶΡֶʮ䣬̫ϵеĽ̫ϵУΪĲͨѧ
Сһ¼֣ϵȵֶΣ̫ϵ֮һֵݼ
һǼ¼ţĪڡ̫ϻش֮Ȼ确ܹ¼̫ϵ֮УÿһĶš
ڡͨһͨ쳹أʧ֮ͨ确顯֮֮һ⻹СءǬһȵȣÿһͷѪ
ѧһһͳʵãķоͰжûġ֮֮һʩչġ̫۹ǡѧһķ


һ 
Ϲʱ֮ǶУʦͽеĶǡʦڸˡνţֵ̽ͨ඼Ǹ޸ġûʲôרʹ
ֻҲһЩ·ţܲΪиЩԳɺףеһЩֱʹСë񡣶ΪʹСëרõֶΣ۹Ϲʱ˱ѧķ֮һ
ֻϹűжϾɥʧΪҪȫ֮ǰеɼƶˣ˵Щ֧Ըԭ⡮۹ʧʷ֮С
̫ϵĴϹ£֪ǧ괫һУȻͨ۴СȫϹ̫ϵ۹ߣ֧ŵġ۹ҲѰ
һ۹ʹСëãл̫ڤİԳΪ̫۹һǷô򵥣һͬ޵ķţŵнᱻһϳз
һˡ̫ϻȻῴзš̫ϵΪĲ̫۹ʱ뵽ԼڤС׵龰ɶڤøе棬˼֡
û뵽ûüʹá̫۹ڤȥһڤڶԵ֮ʱһμڤ
Ȼһ̫࣬۹ϵΪҲߡϹƪȻãֽţʱ̫֮塯ԵϢռֱȵ壬һȦ͸о˺üصڡ
ŸᣬͬѨѭϢ⡮˼䡯һ㷨ǽ˷󷨣зУá޽ͬȴڡֻ޽ԽΪǣ˼䡯ԹΪǡǣЩȻ壬û꣬ԽնɱҲƻ˿ȻǾŸѨ֮ˡҼ޽ܹ˻ᱻ˿ֶξǽĻ׷ˡ˿Ҫȡʤòһֶˡ
һͷһʱʼ߻£Ƭ֮һͷٴ֮гСһѨƮȥ
ʱһͷѾ̫֮֮е໪һ˼䡯¯࣬ҲܷĴڣο໪ûɣŸѨǿһڡ
Ȼ˲ʮһͷ˳ѨڡۿȥѾһռ֮УһƬĮĮ棬ʱȱ첲ȵĹƮ
һνʮ죬תһ룬ǵ߹ľ֮
üһһΪǼڤû뵽ȻĴͨڤڤ֮ΪףʲôһˮأˮǣŵĹ֣ڤ֮ôֶ
һһҪȥûɵ֮ڣһˮϴͬʱһʶ͵ش֮УһƪеĶ·ڸʲôַ·ڽʲôûãһ֮ͱʧ
֮ǰһСЩӽˮأŷˮس˲ϵðһͷһͷĹ֮⣬ڻ˷ͶȥĹ»Ұ
Щ»ҰڤײҲ׶Ĵڣ˵ײ㣬ΪҪһڤϹƣ˵׶һڣﶼӲǵɡ
ʱЩ»ҰȻԾͶһԲڤ֮ˮ֮УԼǲϷɳԽԽĹ֣ʱһע
ѵ˵Щ»Ұǡ˼䡯ԴȪˮתһе࣡һ˲꣬һԺ֮ðһ󵨵뷨Ŀˮһۣٴ̫Ͷˮȥˡ
ȴ˵˼䡯֮Уһ޾Ĺɱһ˿Ϣһֻ֮дüͷһ壬չ
ԭˣ飬תֻأֶΣúݵֶΣ˶ðϢˣİɣ
նɱڹȻʱһ͵һսʱʮϰĹ־ͳ˹ֻη壬֮ײȥ
ѵɣڳͬʱͷ
໪ȴͷϲСʧķ跸ˣǾ͹ֲñֶκ㳢һĵʹǴ֮УѹܹΪһصĵȼɣ
໪߶֮£ǰֺĳһȥһǱҧУ¾ʯҲҪɸɾ
ֻһ̣˴۾鷢ˣֻǰһһڹײϣһѾ֣ﵽ˰ΧȦ档Ҵһ˲䣬һƫͷ໪һۡ


һ ̫鲽
໪һһۣͷûһͻ˶Զڹ֮⣬ûܿһʩչʲôֶΣȴĿ˵ʩչʲôҲ˵ʲôû㡮ߡ˹ȥ
ҵġ˼䡯һϹŵظظ¡ƪԾΪģͨڤİ˵Ƿ޳ɡ顯ҲƾչȥʩչʲôֶΣʲôɡûʲôֶܹƽҵġ˼䡯һɣģֻҪٴ߶һɶС֮С
໪οԼǧֶξȻһСƽ⣬ͷһᣬһ߶˼䡯ʱǽڤ֮УľıɿĽ
һ˲䣬֮µĹԭѾҹеĹǻһֵ磬ÿһռ䶼ǹֵӰо˷˹ȥ
һΪҪչ˶һ˲ͷֳ˹ȥѹѹһƬͬһ㡣ȴһ˿صЦݣһ̤ٴδڹȥ
һγ໪ͷӿһ˿Ȼ֣ûҪ֣һƽ⻹Ǽƽ⣬ȥ
СӣֶΣôһѡ˼䣬䣡
໪ͷһݣڽûʹǰġ˼䡯ڶر仯ʩչһХصĹ֣ʱһȺײһһ̣һµĹ
Щֱ֮ǰĹ֣Ϣ׶̶ȶһҸֲǣЩٲǼ򵥵壬һ֮ĶѰͷסĴڡ
һۿĸɸ߲бƷɱ˽ȥһʱ֮䣬̨Ͼͻ
ҲҲȥò֣һԪڵˣڵˣҶŵİʯʿ貨ŵļҵ֮⣬ħŵѪħվħŵİԪҲ׷׳֡
һȺ˶Ƕɽڵĸ֣һжֶΣ˷ⲢĹȻڻ£ֻǿ⡮˼䡯֮ǡҲԾѡ
ֻѪħ໪ϹͷʲôʱһֺݶֶΣȻܻΪ̫Ҳ֪ˮĸСܲܰȥ
˻һɵ־δţǰԪߺٺһЦ϶ҿСҲЩֶΣĶɽ鱦ͻûʹҪ֪ǿɲһĶɽ鱦ħΪӽɼ鱦ĴڣʩչӦһûġ
Ѫħԣһ˿̰ƾͺãϹռ˱ˣҿϹһҲ˼򵥣º滹б仯ʱ˵öƴһƣ˵Ǿ̫ˣ
ѪϹ˵š̫ҡʱƵЦݣû֮ϧ˼ֻζͬС˵İԪҲһЦȻͷҲûʲô˼
ȴ˵սϣ໪䡯ʩչʱһͷͷʵ֮ͳһȥȻһҪʩչ֮ǰĲЩˣһͷͷ˹һԽʱ΢΢һͣԱһͷͽɱ
һǹһ˿Ц̧һӣնͬԭأһ̾һ룬ɭƮɢ
ٴγʱֲһΪֶĲ㡣һͷͷ˷ȥȴζ㿪ɣնɱɣûһͷɱǰ
ƺսֻصٴαһս廪ЦȴԽԽŨΪ䡯֮һÿնɱһͷĽ֮ǰʮֻҪ߶أ޾ڤޱˡ
ο뵽ȻҲ뵽ˣȻ֪һΪʲôڻǴ˵еĶɽ鱦˵һĥȵʹöɽ鱦ûУǾ׸㻹ʹãҲһ֣ÿԶԸ
Գ˼໪ٴ룬ۿһֻȴ֪һһҲͬ
޾ɱһͷϲȵ˼䡯ڤķ棬޾ѾѶԸ仯Ī⣬ʤֻȻҲʩչ⴫̫ϵһɵġ̫鲽ˡһպҸȥħ߷ս֣֮ѹ̫鲽ɣ͵ʱĥˡ
ͷһԭѾƮͬȵһһ٣ȻƮڹ֮ȥˡ


һ ⻯
ԭһõǵӺеġ͸֮Ȼԭ棬Ʈƽ󷨣Ƕ϶ɽٸֶ㲻
ֻٺãվǷӵ棬ԭ棬Ҳżصαȵžͷ̫ϵմ̫鲽
⡮̫鲽ʮ䣬һͨѧĲ֮Уͨһһ
ʩչƾգƮ٣Сһģһ졯֮ơһн£ѡǿսĵһѡ
̫鲽̫£˵ˣҲгɡһҲֻǴ˳֮ģΪˡ̫ƪϰˡ̫ϻõ̫ϵ裬֮壬Ҳ˿žһೢ֮ǿҡ
ˣ̫鲽ѾȰӵġǿ˲֪һʩչһξͻһ㣬ÿÿԴ˼ܹ֮֮
һʱ䣬빥صľƶȻת䣬ֻͬһ㣬ÿÿҵѵλãնɱһΧ׾ܳˡ
Ӧһ䡮Ӱȥ١Ƕħ֣һɱĵˣҲֻܱ
ԭ룬ֻȺϢ໪ɫ࣬ŭĿһҪ
Ծǣ˵Ŀ⣬ΪޣΪ԰ʶץһΣֻܿһƮһھ벻ĵط
һɱһȴ˵ɱʹá̫鲽ԽãһԽԽƮ죬˺̶ֻоһ΢һƬ
ԼĪ֮ԭӴ󣬲ҲȻֹͣӣʼǵ˻Թ߶֪ǵһΣһɱٶȳ˹ٶȡ
һ֣ȱ仯Ĳ໪һԳǾе໪һЦҲãѼȻϳ֣Ҿһɣ
һ䣬һһ̤ٻΣһɲɱӵķ֮ͳ໪ɱ˹ȥ
໪һˡ䡯ѾˣԷԼɱ㵾ͻɶƵŭ
໪ϹȻʶ׽һΣ꾭ȴǷǱѰ΢ĸоͲһĴںͷλһӳǧڤצ۳һǧڤצ
һצץͷλСһڤצը飬ֱһ˿Ҳɢֻһܿɱ˹໪ŭһӭȥ
ʽ֣һûʹ޽ʵ໪ҪһҲ൱Ѱɽٸ֣̫鲽ȴӵٶȣܰգֻܴŸӦռȻ
໪֣̫ͨ̽鲽İ̫鲽ȼͨ˶Բ򣬸οͨ˽⡣
һ໪û̽һϰߣĥʹ򲻵ֻܱνѡ
СΪһʲô龫ֵ޷죬ϷսȻˣĿ
໪ŭ˼㣬̲סˣоһһҲܷ򣬷񱬷˷ڤצͬʱһ˼䣬䣡
ʱ䣬˼䡯֮ٴηӿ֮ǰͬһΡ˼䡯ķΧѸСҲ˳Сġ˼䡯ž
գۼ䣬˼۳һȻͷۣצͷǣ̤ڷ磬֮ڤ֮ζ޾磬ϸһʵ飬һͷ֮ͨͬеߣų
Ҫ֪Ѱ֣ļϹ֮ǰĹ֣ٶ弶ĴڣڹÿһͷĹ߼Ĵڡ
ʵʵİ˼ǰ˼ڵˮ׼໪൱䡮࡯ʵ໪˸ǿ
ͷо⻯֣ĸ֣ǽμֶΣЩľҲٴξѹ
ԭ໪⼸ǧһо͵ֶΣԱֻϢϢزͬ飬鲻Ҳͬһ˵еֶΣ⻯֮


һ ߸
ν⻯壬ӡһлǵ塣壬ȴǱ壬ʵҲܱƣֻҪ֮幻ǿܹǿһֶΡ
ֶεĳǿս˵幻ǿǾһΣǻۣܹܷӳս鱦
ϹʱҲʹãΪҪ࣬Ҳϣǹǲ壬ػвϣҲС٣ԶϹʱƼ£ǿ⻯Ҫá
ˣȻܹʱǿɱս٣ʹõ˸٣ڴжϾ֮ҲΪѲȫ޷
໪һ⻯Եɺϣõ¡еţٶƽգħڵǿɣҲϹ˲Ըķ档
ִϹŲͬǷ棬֮ǿҲǾף⻯ʹ໪ʵȻһ࣬һֵ֮ܵͬ֡
໪ɣħ֪Ҳ֮٣׼һ̴ս֮УؼʱʹóһħӶĺô
ֻ㲻㣬ıһϵĺôû뵽ȻһСĵƶ˳
ڳиֶסŵˣɫʮֲ̫ÿȻֵһ̣Ƕ໪ڡ
һ˷·һ㣬ֻ̫鲽ԭأǹһ˿ЦݿӴ
С
໪ƳѾǷŭˣﻹ϶¶˿ƶߣͱͬʱһһҾͳһɱȥ
Ϲɱһɲȵɱǰٴʩչ̫鲽ȥͷϹһա
Ӳ
໪ŭҲŴһϹž龹Ȼ׽̫鲽һ켣һڤצһצͬʱץȥ
ۼҪһצצУ໪¶ϲ֮ɫֻעע⵽̫鲽棬ȴһֶΣǾǽ
ֻǾҪצץסĺۼ֮УһޱȵĽ˳ֱֱնצ֮ϣȻֱֱצ
ɽ鱦
һϹı֮ʩչ޽໪ڳֵʱȴûϲ֮ɫŭűͬʱٽצʩչץȥ
ֻһȻ޽ʵȻȻﵽ۷壬׾׽õġ˲Ϣ֮䣬һ֮ͬУռ䶼ڡ
Һ໪Ҳ˵ãҲʵֶΣϲһ˲ϢɨռΣھܵ£ٴβ׽һĺۼ
֮ǰһһ㣬˲ҵ֮󣬻ûǲ׽һͳץաһ㣬ٴΣд뾹Ȼһ໪׽Щæҡ
һο˵ʧʮζʮο˵ǵģһٴٴΣǶֶξ໪˵ֱϵ裬һγֵʱ໪ˡ
һα֮ǰԪըǴ߶Ԫһ緢ǶɽڵĴڣһα˵ȲԱлصһҪֵǼ򵥵顣
ۼԪըʼڳֶ׼Ƿǵصģʱһɬ
ôᣬܣ
˷ȥе˲ǱˣǾҪŴе໪ʱǷŵķģֻŶһֱֱֻۣ⻯С
һĻ˶ԡ˵⻯֮ȻǷֻ˸ȥ뱾û̫ϵ֮ͳϵ䣬Ҳû˸ˡ
໪໪ΪȻ໪һ˲͵߸˶⻯ĸ
ʱ¼һһٴγ֣ǹЦݣƾһһĳ໪߹ȥ
⻯ȻǺö໪ǰҲ֪˶ѽ
ѵ㣬㣬ôܿҵ⻯ܡ
Ǻǣǰ˵ǣ⻯ȫԭȫûҲʲôȻǰ鶼ûǾ͹ֲˡ
㣡
໪ǰˣ˵棬һ⻯ɣ
һ໪Ļֳ̧һ㣬ȻһצҲ໪ץ˹ȥ


һ սħ
⻯ɣǶ˵붼û顣Ϊˣ໪û˿£ΪԼ⻯˸
õǣ໪ǹ壬õҲֻΪ˳ع壬̺ˣԱ˵һ˵ֻǱһЩˡ
ֻǼرҪվ֮һˣҲòҪԿڶצץϡȻһΣԼԦһ־ͷѿȥһա
һʱ䣬֮Уֻһͷ׶צУ໪Ρʬƾշ𣬶ȥ
ʱһ֣Ҫʬնɱ໪Ϊһ磬ʵС
ȴûôԶԶţ֡һеԭأһôһУȻľͷ˹ȥһĻ֪һֽŵˣɾ治ѡ
ֻһñȽϴһû˺ĵ뷨Ҳװ໪Ҫɱ˵Ŀ⣬أһϣһ֣ͽջ˽ӿռȥˡ
һУһŵȴ໪װɣ΢΢һЦ໪ǰ֪ûֶμͽѽ
뵽Լǧ⻯Ȼ˶ȥҲûиӦҲðУҪ෬๤޻أ໪ѾŭֻΪϹҲǳ嶯ˣȻһ͸ޱԹ޺ɱ⣬ȴûз
Ϊ֪ԼͿ˶ԷʲôСֱǱԼϸƻϹʱûɱԼ»ΪħڵԵʣԼһСģ˵ʲôݻ¶Է¸ľҪɱԼ
һ໪ƺߵĳһ˵һҪ⻯ĻһֻԷ磬װûûѯʣתߣԭλӣ·һжûзһ㡣
Ȼ໪ҲϾʹ˰ݣ˿һԵѪħͰԪɽڸ֣˵λ˵ҪСֶôϹѾóˣΪλϣ
⻰ѪħͰԪɫЩÿǶ໪ͬڵĴڣΪԼ໪˰㣬ֻǾħڱħŸǿŷ
໪ǾԵĸоԼĲ໪ҲɱʩչҲһءˣ໪һУĪǾͲɵЩˡ
ֻŶһʴʡûε˼ͱٱ໪յ˵ʱЩάȡ
ҲħŸ֣ܿһӣȻƤһҪԶһǵ˵໪սܣԵǵС˵һ޽Ƕɽ鱦ͬڣҪԶһ
Ƶ˿ǾԲܴӦģѪħͰԪҲ롣˭֪һֻ֮Ǽ򵥵Ŀһ¾ʹӦ
һһյħͷЩѪħȻұ۵㵽ΪֹͺãСѽͨ񣬻Խԣ֪Σ
Ѫħ⻰˵ף˼ǽҪһ˽ĹֶζҪģȻǼɵһ֮ǰȡųս
һȻħ˼ȻȡĿĲԼʹãοʹãҲָһ㣬Ųó͵ͷӦ
ħһ֮Ÿҳ֣ڳŸɸ߲ж֮ɫֻħŵȴǸŭԣڳһƬ
ܿ죬һһֹ֮пʼˡͷħûǰ˵Ծһʼ͹Ȼһá̫鲽ܣ޴
ֻ̫͹ֳ޽һһûд߶̫鲽ĳֽħԹԹ
һ˲䣬˽棬һ֮˺ռҲܲסѷ죬ڶֻЩӰ첻ˣԽսԽҡ
һ֮ǰ໪սʱ򣬾롮ĥ˭֪֡˼䡯ܣŲöԷ⣬Ӷȥ
һΣħѾ޽ɴöĥģ֣棬һһ򽣣Ȼûд߶ǿƾһ־ͽɽڸֽ֣·硣
ԭ˱˼ҪûһնɱкôħͷԽԽľ˿˫Ӧƽ֣ǿһĽѾŵԼʺڣÿÿֵԷҲǿ˿Źǡ


һһ Ƚ
Сӵʲôͷֻһ䣬˭֪ǽͨ񣬰Ԫ϶㲻óսôס
Ϲ˵бȥԿɽ鱦ǷɽСӵĽ֪ԼмＸǽսûнӽͱնˡ
ѽôı̬¾ǽҲʩչҲһܹ°ɣ
֣Ϊк֣СӻһͷǱƼʹóʲôֶ״
ˣϹͷȻֶȻͼıģ˭֪ȻСӸ׽ȥ͵ʴףҲǺ˲ˡ
ԣСӱͣɵһԿţǶѾòˣȻˣǼþգˣһ棬á
Ԫ϶ƽΪģΪѼⶼȥˣû뵽Ȼ㾫飬ã֮
ħͷȻƶˣҪ˻úôһĽȨҲò˵ʱһʤģһХѪħͰԪ˫˫˳ս
ѪħͰԪ߶ʶһЦǸַȣһ˹ֵСѹȻӢܣʵҵ̾һսСһжҶҲˣ֪СΣ
һħһƽ˶˰веɱڽҲĥټħ̬֪ⷬǼƲˡ
ͷƻһεĿĲӮʤһƬ£һƬõĽֶΣҲΪħ˹֣˼ƨ˳̨ףħͷ泩㲢ͨҲжһ߿һݡ
죬˵ã
زۣضһɳ죡
ħһ񣬽˶һۣԻص˸λˣһἰ˳û˸
һܣ˵һ΢΢һЦһ䡰ˣĳˣʹҪȥ
ʱһСһ
һתͷ˵֮λһԪ棬˵еĴڣ໪ظǿˡ
һüĿ·ڼֻ̣һ˫Ƶ֮Уͫ峺䣬·̬ȴһ㡣
ԭˣ֪ǰкηԸѵҲҪĳȥɣ
ǺǣСѴԲӣȻףΪʵȴϷ֮£֮ǴΪȣʲôԸԣ˴ȥɣȻˣֻСһ仰ˡ
һ仰֪кָ̣
ϵһСѣ˾֮³֣СѳСƾӹΰʹ˷񲻿ϧ
˴˻һڳʱӿһۡԭ˵ĳһ֮´ɵ飬ΪԵɣֻźɸ֪˿ڱϣ֪ԭֻǺˮĸȻ֮ҪĽɫʱ˲Ծ
һԣüͷһ˼һת˵˼ǡС֣ǰ⣬ƺһδԵֶΣʱϵ
㱻Ҳ£˵̬Щ׽͸ϾԷһԪڴоްһĴڣ¾ûɵҲ֮࣬һԪڵ̬ΪҪ
ȻǿϧֻµѾ˵ĿģͣͲǰ˵໥ڦֵǽڴ˴ȴãضԱġ
˻һڳʱȻһ⻰˵ʮֲ˴ʱײչʾ˼޵еֶΣǷԵҲ˵ʲô
˵˵ͷСᣬ˳ɾͣһĳûȴѵãֻе֮ߣվǲ𣬿ʧƫİ
һû뵽˾ȻԼ˵ֻ̣Ȼǳȴ㲻٣ľǼܹҡ
ǰԲӣƫΣаˡһ֮ģбģǱĲȣó֮Ժ㣬СֻҪֱĲ䣬طҲΪƫƫҲӣ
һ㶣һʵ˵ãԼҲһ£辶˵˭֪һԣҪԱĶƫ
˵ĺԣ٣ѧˣһ⻰ǳԱģ̺־ģа۲ӵļᶨ˵֮ҲûôᶨʶҲԾѡ
һǣ˫㵽ֹԣһҪȥʱΪԾٴοڵһ


һһһ 
֪ٵѻʲộָһĳνǰĵѣƺ˵һһ֣ٲ˵̽Ҿûʲô˵ˡ
Ȼ֮˿Ϊ⣬һ֮ǰǰЦǺǵ˵С֣ϵֻʿ˾˳̣֪СΣ
һԣͷһһϲԼôలţڼЧˡ
ֻϲŭɫˮ׼⻰ֻ΢΢ɣ˿һۣŵ˵˾̣ȥһ˵֮ı⻹ڣĳȻȥˡ
ƺȵľ仰ǺһЦã⻰ұˣȻˣϵҲ˵ǰѾ˴״رţǰõжǷȫ̵
⻰һ˶һû뵽һԪڶô죬ѾһԪȻֻ֮һƱȨΪʮִţĴڣһƱķȴȵƱûб̬£ڼչųѰӰ졣
˿˵ʱһƹڿʵȻˣ֪ٵѵõʲô
ԣҲƵĶԼĿ⣬ֻǳһһЦһ㣬Ķ뾡ȥڴսʼ֮󣬱ŻȫԸǱؾҲս
ؾ棡
⼸֣ŰֳٴҪ֪ˣ໪ȼĴڣ綼ѾǴ˵еˣ˳ΪĴڣǿ²֪ǶǰϹŶڿǸɴʦһʱĴˡ
ִֻڣֻҪղڸؾ֮УǾѵĹؿڡѰ£ֻŴѣŻһסŻ֣罫㣬ǡ֮ѡҲƲѳˡ
뵽ǳԽ˵ʷʫ֮еĴҪ֣ڳǴʲô˼Ҳڷ
˵˷ܲͬһ۹ѾԽ˶̶ʮ꣬꣬ϵֻϹʱ򡣲뵽ĶڣϹŶĴڣҲΪʱԺиһӰԵ̣ʦͽĽϡ
ΪǶɽڸ֣ϸȴȴǳ˶ɽ֮ϵġʮȻݱվûмһ˿ӰһһսֱһԪڵҲҪսҲܹټһ˰ɣ
뵽˴һһ̾Ȼڻྴɱĸ֮ȴô򵥵ģȻһ̫ĵطһҪ˽ġ
ͷ᲻ת˲һ֪Ҫһ𸴣̧ͷȥֻԷһЦĿԼ˵ͷȻһԪ⣬ҿѡղײգͽһ£̵£ˮĸ㸴һԪڵľ⡣
˵һһˮĸĴıϣһ̬ȴǺޱıʾ̵ľġ
ǱƹһһԪڴͷȫһˡȿڵȻһʼ̵ͬɢޣЩСҲʼ顣˺һвɵҲ׷ױʾͬ⡣
ۼų֮⣬ʾͬ⣬֮УɵڣҶţ貨ҲȺͶͬƱڹɵʱƴӣʱ䣬ɵԼСħŶʾͬ⡣
͸ħűˡħħ죬ȨǲڣЩħŶ˵
໪ѪħԪ˽Ȼʲôʱн֮ĶɽٸȰ˵ЩһµİٿϹˡ
Ҳ֪Щʲô֮ħڵóۡ໪俴һһۣڳ˵ҵȸǶһĴڣħһͬ⣬̣ǸиҲ֣һ谭
˵š谭ֵʱ໪޼ɵĳһһۡƺ˵СӵŰɣиֳԲ˶ߣ
һ״ǹһ˿Ц໪вѾˡ֮ԷƣʱҲһɱ֮鷳ڣȻҪһˡ
ˣţˮĸɣʾͬ⣬ͨսڷҲҪһҳգ߲ʹȥ֮һͬģˮĸ
ԭУˮĸֻòչ¶ͷ档һҹ֮ǿҲٴγΪˮĸĴʡ


һһ 
ص籾һ֣Ȼͬԣϲùص㣬Զϲסڵر磬ĵصԽԽ٣֪ıǨڳͳ֮ء
Ȼһش٣綼УصΪ뻢ıƤȻվһߣıɣ̲ˣصҲΪ̵ĴӪ
һգ̹ĵص㣬ƽǵڵڵ˵Ӷ֪Ǳǰ
ڣڸͳĴ£ص㣬ϡϡϡ˸λͬʱ˹
ǿޱȵĹƣ¶Ƶ̸͵ֵס˸λȺƣ˴ͬˮһӿ˽ȥ̶̰գԵأͽռ˵ϵΧơ
ڽвشʱҲڷ𷴻֮ǰսĸַ׷ͶУһʱ֮侹ȻֵסǰĲ
ֻ˶̵Ĺ׼˫Ѿһ̶ƽˮ׼ټǰĲȻȴȲͳεشƽ
ƣֻҪղܹλãʱֻҪ̸һ򾡣һپǰʿһϢĻᡣ
ΪŵĴˮĸҲͳһ֧飬ˮ·ϷˮĸѾƷսݵĴڣֱͶսϣΪһƥսݡ
ڵʱ򣬱˺ˮĸ߶ҲʲôֶΣǾô򵥵ѹȥ͹˶Ϸλڡ
ˮĸսݵĴڣ˿壬Ա֮Ҳаȵ֮أȻڵ̺Ա֧㣬ٶȴҲ˶٣С
ڵصвλãʼ´սһһڸֻ߲ΨжԷַɽϵĸ֣Żżжնɱء
ˮĸ߲ĳһˮĸ߲֮⣬һмɵˣԼɢ֮еĴ֡
Щ綼˵ǾصˮĸȴһСԭǾЩ˼Ҳʮɽٸ֣ˮĸڿļƣѰɽپʮټһǶɽٸɽٵ㹻Խɱʮˡ
ڵսľͬʱҲáΪˮĸȫ֧֣ǵ˵ʮ֮СһʵģǵĵλҲˮǴߡ
ڿˮĸһȫüɢ޸ֶģǷҪͶˮĸˣȴǱ޵ŵ˼
Щ˼һȻ֪ȴûᣬలԽǢһ£ھȫͶսϡ
󷨣һս޾ϸ֪˫˶٣ֳֶ٣ʲô˱ֽܳʲô˿ɿһ
УӵıֿνʮۡƱǺ֣֮ūͣ飬ϼ˫޵硣޶֣ɨϣ֮˿ɵΪĳ֣ҲԵֵնɱɸҲ̾ѡ
֮£˼ԨԪӤΪһֽһһ洫ֳƷɽҲʼ⣬ս֮ǿɱֵ֣֣ܶҲ׺˵
֮£ɣĵӽƶӣӶ̣ΪȻߣһһͨǿ󷨱ű֡
ֿԽóһڵһطˮ󡯣ͬһ̨̽ͽо磬ܴ档
޷ߵ꣬죬ѾʮĴսһΪԲ۷壬Ҫļԣﵽ൱ĦΪ
һƫսһ磬ͨʩչգޱߣһնµ𣬱Щͽһʹ飬ƺת۾Ҫŵӡ
ֻſվͬЩͽ֮Ϊ֮ɣ׷ڷ˵ߴ֮Уɱģȴɱ򵥵ġ
Ȼߴ֮⣬ΪĥֶΣСףƷƻмŮͶս֮СŮֳˣһ̣ȻΪƣûܳƷ񣬵ս֮ǿȴܹɱܷ
⻹Ϊĥֶûʹȫǽ鱦ʩչвɽٵ
ˮĸµӴɸ߲Ѿ𼵶Ϊ֪ѾˣҪԴ죬ǣţȴҲûôԴ
һսȫ£ɫȴû滺һ֣ǵķͷġ


һһ Ǹ
ʱţת۾͵ȫصĵڶջƻ衣յƲ⣬˴ѹѾ˵ĺλáԭֿİ֧ҲΧ׼Ĵս
һʱ䣬˾һּʤϲ֮У۸߲㻹ǵײ㣬ڴӭһ졣ֻʱ˾֧߲ȴûаǰʤĸо
֧Ҳ˵һձټˮĸֻĸ߲㣬һ顣ݺܼ򵥣ȴҲ࣬ǾǾ⼸չսһȻȷʵ翹¶ʵһβġˣһСһս򲻿ɵġ
⻰Ȼʾͬ⣬ͷȴҲЩΪȻһеһɷħԱɡšڡ
˵ǣ̹ƶˣӦСģֻ½Ҳû뵽ľģǴʵںȻһսҲʧˣսǱҴɣȻܱԴѹֻȡ·ˡ
⻰ִవͬ⣬ֻһڳûֱӱʾһжһУЩڤ粻Ҳ϶Ѵ࣬˵˼ɢᡣ
ɢ֮ʵ־ȥֻˮĸ߲㡣ֻν߲㣬һһˣūһĴڣ֮󶼹վ·
㣬һսпܾͷգһգǲСģˮĸоʹ˸Σ
һͻأ׳仰ʱڳ˶һС׵˶һΪĹǣҲżվĶɢɣԼĴħ֪Ǳĵʱ򣬱æߺҵˮĸϹ裬ϷԸǣ
һԣɫ˿ֻ΢΢˵ͷܺãģˮĸȻҲṼ㣬Ĳ˵ˮĸȹ˽٣ҿǶȹһ˳Ϊɽڸ֡
⻰ڳڶɽ޲𾪡Ƕ֪ɽôһپ޾֮ϣһȻҷɽ٣ʱε񻰡
췢Ĵħܿ뵽һɽٵĳԷһļ򵥣ʱ;Բܵ˼ϣ
Żǲţ޲ǡ˵ͷֽ̨֮ҹᱦڷʦ˳һʱˮĸսᡣҹһΪԷһְŲòᡣ
գһֽڿʼ֧ʽΧʼǰһ㳯̳ƽֵǣǰջֵͽһվȻûӰڱ˵ӰһֳӣӬ
˾ڸоԣڵ̺ʽǰͬʱڷų̽ǰȥֻ̽ĸɵ̽ӳȥûһġˣ˾˳˳ģҲ̳
ԶԶ̳˾ͣ˽ŲϾ̣ǻЩɵ֮ǰҲɵ˳ɡ
ܿ죬ɾʧˣҲˣΪ˶һӰƿն࣬ÿһǸ֣Ϣɽٸ־н٣Ƕ಻ҸֲǣúüӰϢӴ󣬾ȻѰɽ٣ﵽ໪˵Ϣ
ôܣ̵ĸǽ࣬Ϊʲô̶̼վȻôˣ
ԣǸֶˣûмһͨڣѵ˵Ǽʣڳɾһ֣
һʱ˾۷׷ףȻ̿ΪʵҲҪһʱơһĻǲ룬ķͨڳɾ͸֣Ǽֱǵ߸һʵ˼ˡ
þĻ̵̻ʱţˮĸɸҲ׷¶Ȼɽ֮ϵĸԲ㣬Ҳǲʹ˾Ĵ󶨡
ʱһ־Ȼ滰˵һ䣬ͿʼһХžͳ˾ɱ˹һ֣ǰ˾ʱͳ˿һ˲˲ء
˾߲æֵͬʱŸɿʼ͵ز©̸в죬룬ľȻţˮĸ
ˮĸϳҲһģܱ֮ȡеΧˮĸܿͽ󣬼ɹֿأûһӾͽס
һҲˮҲɱ˳ȥʺϵĶ־ɱһˣ˿ĿϢʮǿңȻǿȶɽٺڵĸ֡


һһ ս
һ֣̽˵ɽٺڸ֣Ǵʱ̽ͻأ˼Ƕɽٺڴ֣δ棬ԼѾı˲ϢΣѰ£ԼСӵġ
ܿ죬Է͸𰸡ɽٺڸЦŵһһۣ󿪿һɬһ΢ϤСӣû뵽ֳˣǷűƣһж׼ˣҲסˡ
ǡ񣡡һһ㶣ȻΣϢԲϣƾ⻰̬ҲжϳԷݡ
ĺٺһЦøСӣȻķֻǲֶ֪οɻеӲʣܲܰסֶΡ
һһ뵽ʲôһߣȻĿѵ˵㽫Ƕ˷ǡ
⻰ûһ˵ڣһЦû뵽СӻͦҵķҵĿܣʵ̵һжֻҵĸҵūôþôá
˵񻰷һתñ׺ݣ˵һжҪͣԻһߡ塯ɨ磬ɵСӵңԼʲô˼бƣñ޷١֮ڱߣû뵽ɣԵɺϣõĵغֻͨҪͨغͨغˣή٣ЩӾɨȥʱ򣬱񳤴棬̽ͳ棡
һһ㶣Ϊȫͽʱ䣬˭֪ȻͽԼ󡣶ҸԾǣԷȻҸЩݣֻ˵һ飬ǾĹƼɡ
һˣһǰ̾һʱϵ̫ΪֻҪһڣͲû취ֵ̣Ϊӭ˼һǰǵһ̧־һն˳ȥ
״һЦ㿪ֻһͷԣתͷһǽ⣬ֻԭһĽ⾹Ȼֿʮÿһ̺һö
ʲô
ˣ˵ĻҶ˳ȥЩҶƴ˰ɣϣĲǡ
ˣ
֮һ˵һ˼֮˭֪һȻ֮ľϢ򵥾ʹ˳ȥʱŭѡһͳһɱ˹
һĿĴɣȻļƻĹܿ޽ʼҷ
һһҲûֵ˼ƥϾ;һֲϾչ
ΪϴοһʵֻҪƾͿȡʤһϵҲᣬ׽
һԵȴ׽òסĶ֣ŭˡԭһҪй˭֪ŭ
ѽ
һܲסȱ񱩵һɫɫÿһƿ˷޲
һ⣬׼ʩһǹԷ˿ŵĹʵ˵ûʲôڸ˵ӾЩܲˡ
Ͻҿ
һԳΣ·˵֮ǰһӣǽԼռʩչһ£Ĺװȥˡ
ڿˣ˵õˣȥɣ
թޱȣ׼һ֣Цһ˫ֵһһԭĹȻһһ˹
һ޴ޱȵĹһ߷ȫһ֮޷⣬ʱվ׼־Ըһ̫鲽ߣ·ĵӱȻ˲أˣǾҪҵһ
һ˿ûԥ֮ɫٴνųЦѣΪһܹƽռ䣬һʵˡ
ֻһռķǹ·˵ӡХһ¾;£һ֮յһ˲ȥ
һ˲ǹֱֱڵϣһˮͰϸ׵ĿӶڵ棬Ƭ̣һɹɺɫҺ籡ҽȻһѾ˵صĿռ䱡ڣﵽҽ㣬ɼƥ
ֻٴûܹ֣վֻǰ׷ѣ۴УҪѰһټʱһӰӷŹӹķɱ˹


һһ ն
ʲô
߷Ȼֻжɽٺڵˮ׼ʶǿȴʵʵɼ֡˵һ̫鲽̫£޷ҲͰˣֱɱĶҲʮˡ
ʲôûõ˼һһƾȥһͣɽҲҪһǲĹӰ֮ϣʱͽɢ
ֻһ̣һˡǱɢĹӰȻɢƬÿһƬƺһĸ壬ûоʹ𻵣λɱ˹
ĶװŪ֮һж¶ۼ
ƺһ㣬һ·д浴ֻЩʵĶ涼һ˿Ȼɿ嵽ģȴ˴ȻЩĶһ໪жʲô
𵱳໪ƸǿһҲͣһʱ֮У̫ϵҵ˱ȡ¡߶˵ġ顯ֶν¶һ
һȥߴݼ֮ʵӲ٣ȻԣȲһʵıԣȴܽסһ
Ȼ֪ĵϸֻһڡȻԼսʱŭѣֻ֮ûʲôЧֻܿѹˡ
ĹȻʧҫ͹֮°ɣ
һ޹ٴη֮ǰ޲𹥻ľСһкķѼ󣬱Ƕɽٺʩչξʮ˵ˣʩչ֮Ԫľ޻ָĻᡣֻҲһƷˣ˿ûпϧĸо
ٴԪ緢ͬһĴһΪ˻һλ֣Զˮĸս򱻾ߣˮĸסսȴҲ˳֮ꡣ
ȻʵԵһҲѲ޲ĹһòΪһֵ
ϲ¸һЦչһ㳯˹ȥһ˫ڹӲӣ̺ľƾҪֱӽɶĵ
ʱԳһ죬޾ڤ֮籡ڤֹ֣֮þشڤ֮ȡͽҲ׶Ĵڡ
Ǻεȴڣһ۱㿴˵ıʣͬһŭȣһâӿ֮Уһͷͷò׳˼䣬Ҫһе˾ױûҷ
СȫɣҪһѹ𣬹
ڵЦȴ֮һϸ˿߳ϸһѰ˿ߣǽ˿ޱȵĶǽ˿֮һϤס
ˣɱÿɻʹ죬һɣ
һǹһ˿Цݣ޽ʱ֮ͬʱ˽ɷͽ־ɾַֺϺϣȻﵽһȻɵĵزǬһ
ʮǰһʹǬһʮͨˡǬһǬ֮¡
ԭѧȣǬǽţҲǴ˵еĵͬޡֻ뵱ĵͬ޻ͬΪǬָĲǵдϹŽ֮
ϹŽޣӦ̥ɷɷһԪγɡԪͬϹʿ޳ɽһ㣬ֻȽ𵤸ѣҲֻᡮԪˣĽɡ
Ǭ̺һ׷ţеɷʽɷʽǡǬһǣɷһķš֮Ȼûп׻ʲôһ²һ仯
ȻЩǺˣǬһȻû٣Ǭһ̺֮Ǭ̺һɷ϶Ϊһ⾳⾳ӽĲת˽ڵĲϡܹе˽ֶֻԴ
һټ͵ϮΪɼҲԵֵֻŽɱǿ赲һֻЩ赲壬һĴڡ
㣡
ɣ
һһЦߣ˿ûͬģԪһһ£Էڡ˵ԷͲҲ˲ִħ򣬶ԸҲΪ˽⣬˲䣬ԪѾԴȪλ
һʶ֡һ˿壬һʹԼյĴħͨƿԪһȹһͨԺһʶûϢ


һһ ٵ̳
սʱһ쿪ʤ֮бȽǿһͷնɱսսҲڳڶ𾪲ѡ֮ǰһйһս໪ѪħԼԪΪȡ
໪ԴӱһܣͶעһαһῴܲ侮ʯ˭֪Ȼһ׺һĻǿһþȻԼлǿ󼸷֣ͷһǷŭ£ɻӣҲս»Щľٶ
ڶѪħͰԪ߶ˣ۾ҪɳǺͬһͬԸһͷɽٺڵˣüҲöԷҪһһ㽫ԷնɱǾһѵ
ڴһЩĿͿӹעһ£µתħͨתԼһ۲ȫ
ʱĽս˵̵һվֻ֮ǰĲ²ⲻͬȻӲʣͽȫڻһ֣һֶʶΪһķ
һ̵ͼϣ˵ڴսϲûڿȴǿ˺ܶࡣұǷͺ̶һˣøЭ˳ʡʹָۡ
ĸıɵĽӴĸ߶߶ս߻֮ܳͨУЩͨɱˡͨʹ󷨣ҲԱ֮ҪΧɱЩ˼㼶ǲܵġ
Ҳ˵øƵȴǣսȨһΪĲ㱻ط
մȥĹһɹԭķѾɵ֣ܹǰڣٿһжˣ
һˣһȻߴЩԼҪ棬ȴ޴֡侲ķһھУᡣ
ֽͷִֵ˵ͷٿ˿ɱСףƷƣ̣ƵˣȻ̳˹ȥ
һһΪϡοȥԭɧͨӵķͷ׷׷
ֻЩֻк壬ҵΪεֵסһ֮£ڶֳΣֱһɽˮ׼ķɱʱԻ⡣Ҳˣһɽˮ׼ķǶɽٺڣĶֻͲ˰ˡ
㹦һһ·ɱԼǲסɱ˶̳Ͽաͷ˿ĸһۣǹһ˿ЦһӣһĽֱֱ̳
һûʲôɣⴿһ÷նɱз֮ӳٽ䣬Ҫһ顣
˵Ϊ̳ҲʮܣôһȻǿңҪȴҲ˼֡ɾڣô˴̳ͨҲһ˵Ĵħ򡣶ʩչֶʱѾЩͬԴĴħС
Ҳ˵Щһһ֮£ֻὫ֮ԼʱöûС
Ȼޱȵһ̳Ľֻʱһ£ƺԵֵܿ죬⻪;ɢ·ӭӷصһ㣬һ˲䣬ֱֱ̳֮ϣʱǺĽȺɫ
Щըܹ֮ͷſҲͰˡ˭֪ʱáȻ̳Χһܲ͸磬һɹ͵ıը֮Ȼ㶼й
£һɳôֱܿ˻ȥ㣬ʮβһԭֻҪһδ̳͵ڳʮΡڻͣµʱûһõĴڣש߶ʯɳ
һĻĸֶͣЩһŭĿף˫ۼҪֻǵĶֿɲ׷Ź۴ҲֻܿһȻһƬ֮ϡ
һ벻ͬһƬ棬ѰһпܵͬʱͷǾֻܴȥˣ
ʱһХӵص״һе˭Ȼűĳߣ˭ȻٻĹң˭Ȼ㲻ҪҪ޼䣬
·һħ䣬֮˶ͷһΨһϲΪϤǵڶҲռҪλһ


һһ ׷׳
ڿϳˣһ૵˵ٻһۣĺ棬һЦ֪߻ܱá
һͷţȴûֱ˼ŲһҪת̫鲽Ʈֻ˲䣬һǿƥʶͻأ֣ȻҪס
һŭСӣ㣬㣬˷ɱ㣬ԭˣû뵽ʮ겻СӾȻѵѾͨ٣
һԲݸһμ棬ΪԷһûʩչȫʮ䣬࣬ΪʵȷʵԲԼǲ˴ħƫš
ֻûн͵˼ǿŤתΣһС̫鲽ʩչ̫鲽Ȼһв㣬ȴҲһһ޵Ĵ죬һƺ̤ʲôƮɶȥ
񣬼һϣʩչûȻΪһѾ˴ħͨѧͨԼ׽
һͷӣû뵽Ȼʣ񻹿ۡһһҪץסʳͨ죬ͽϴɱӣʱԼɱԼˣų죡
⣬ʱæŸҪ飬һɧţֻǽסһƺֻһðˡھ£ҪһɣɨʱִС
ֻȴ֪ԼһѾһơһ׷Դɵսݷȥ
ʱһڳ޵СڳУڶûһ׷ȥΪΪǻۡ
λǰˣ֣񻹲֣ȻиǿֶΣٲֹ֮ӣʱ֣ʱ
һԴгɱһ侲һеһμһһ䶼עǿޱȵԪȻһʱ֮䣬˶ʲô׷׿ŵս֮С
һԪսݣСɽϵŷλˣһ¶һ˿ݣǿЦ
λʦ֣һβҲˣϵڵ
ţǵóˡֻֻ˰ôȻţԪʦ֣㿴ѵشѣ֣ұϵҲʾͬ⣬ͬʱתͷϵѯʡ
ö˵ĻǱΪԪϵǰӰһ˵ҵ꣬ӵùȴӲ˽٣վҪһˣڴӣ򵥣Ǵ˴β䣬ɣħɣ
һԪдϵ棬ԪˣԪˣԪˣ꣬ÿһǾ춯صĴڡʱͳȥ
ͬʱڵͨ¥һ׷һ뷢Զǰ׷ǵɨߣ뷢Ĳǽ˭ˡ
ɨҲӰ֮еһüͷ΢Ԫԣʦܣ㽫ӷߣѳɣȥǽԱʲôʧ
ԣһԪԣֺþûˣ㻹꣬ʦ֣׸ɣѾӾҲһɱοһαܲܶȹ˽ٶ˵̸ʲôʧ
ԭϾȻǴ˵սǿӽȵɽһʦ֮һֻ봫˵ͬǧǰǰİԾ֡ɨһ棬֪ٴ֮ǰ
Ͽ˿ͷյľűɽ¶һ˿˰ı飬Ц¾Žһû˰ɣһս²񽣷ɡ˵䣬һ֣Ƕ¾Ž׷УһЦͰȻ
һ״̾һʦɱϣɱɣ˵ţҲ˳ȥ
һԪڣһ㣬֮Ҳ׷ǿֳ֡ҶһԷ򸾣·ˣ貨һϷˣħһԪ൱ħͷħħɱħħħħħսħҲħͷ
ЩŮŮһʮ֣ҲǿĴڡܶǴ˵жʧټŸ߲㶼֪Ĵڣ׷׳֣ͬʱ֣ƣ˵Ӷ𾪣ǿʤһ˷
˵˷ܲͬһ˴ӽϸоϤϢʱԳ֮⣬ʱʮ侲侲Ŀǰ֣ǵʵΪڷЩݡ


һһ ɢɿ
ɢɣ
Щϣһܵһɷɣ·ȱ֮Ϣ뵱СϾѪħͱԸʦ˵Ϣƣ˵Ƕɽ࣬˲ɢˡ
ԭˣɽٸֵԪҲһͲòǿжɽ٣Ƕȹ֮ˡֻÿ˼ʱ಻ǧꡣֻҪһ·˳˼ʱҲһꡣ֮ȣɢˣҪȹ٣޳ɣÿһپǧ꣬෴˼ʱ䳤ľɢˡֻɢҲŵȣȹԽ࣬ʵԽǿǳؽʵˣЩϼһϢϽдϵսǿ˭ȴ˵ϾǶʼвƵܹ֮ӵġһԪںħĴͷǿӦýӽؽʵڡڽǱ߾Ȼû˸ҿ˿ԸƧ֮⣬һȺ֮ҲǿĴڰɣ
һ˼תķɿ죬ƴŵףʱ֪ԼˮĸһġֻҲ˿ģΪ׼ЩϼһﻹŲҲ˵ȻˣҶҲûʲôˡ
һֵλǰСһλ֣նа񣡡
ЩϼһڿӣҲ֪һɵһϹ໥˿û˵ȴħһˡ
һСӣ̶裬ãܺãСͶħڣͲ׷鱦׽ú󱲵𡣡ħڳħЦһͺɵĿڵ
һһ㶣û뵽ԷȻʼˣͷЦѣȴһȻǰ˵Ц˰ɣʲô鱦ʲô׽ú󱲣ĳûǵôʱοʱǽ̵Ĺؼʱ̣ǰȻһСĴ̸ۣ̫Сô
ħҲǲŭаЦĿһһۣЦСӣʵ˵ãɣɵġֻɱӲʺɵѧħпΪѽ
⻰һûһش𣬱ħŵħҲڵף⻰ɵùƽЩ˵鱦ǵ˱鱦ҲħŲŶԡ
и٣Ҳսħ鱦ɲҪǸߵһߡսħŵҲڵ
һʱ֮䣬ԭһԹ϶ħžȻͬʱҪ¼һһԼҲɵЩɻˣû뵽Լʲôʱɡ
ʱһߴǶһԵĽԪԡһߣʱע⡣
ôԪԣѵҲɱˣڵͽͽɻ˼ջȥɣȻǲҪȻҵ¼񲻿ϧˡħµĵЦ
ԣŻתͷһ˿ĶһۣɨħһҪҲǲԣֻҪûʸҪͽӱֵܵסҲܡ

⻰Ϊŵĳħüͷһ壬ƺԡʲôɵһ㡣˿ŽϣоĽ⣬ҲЩŭԵ˼һʱ֮䣬ʱ
ÿʱܻһϣ˴εĺһԪУߣʵǿ綼һָԪϵ
ԪϵɫЦλѣʱ۵ĺʱڣʵȻ֣Ȼк֣ǲѣʻλѸϵһӣڲķϣϨˣͬΣ
Ԫϵһڣ϶ʱͻͼ֣ħһȻԵ߷ߵģ಻һ˻ȥҲԪϵ˵ͷҲ˻ԭλȥˡ
Ԫϵĵ˵ͷתһСӢܣһ֮սûֻսδ꣬ȳ䶨ϵȻл񣬻Сѽ֪ҵȣҲ¡
һԪϵ̬Ⱥͻѹħͷʱѡ˼һת㽫Լ֪ģͨغͨȡغԪٻ˵
һУڳһȺϹ޲ȡһ֮̾һҪȴһΪԴһΪġһֱһΪ֮Уû뵽Ȼڵص磬ռݶ꣬аУһ˶ѽ
ȥ˵貨ΨһһϹ֣ϷˡƤ׷Ե̬ӣһֱۣ⻰һڳ˶޲ŷ


һһ ڶ
ƽƬ̣ԪϵڵϷмҴУ˽ⲻȻǼϷ˵Ǹǲˡ˿аõغˣٻ֣壬ܹĴˡν֮ѡ֮ʱϵλҷ³ɼͬУ֪λΣ
⻰ֳƬ̣ϵȿڵ⽣꣬Ϊ޳֮գ񳯾ͽа񣬿жٽɣ
˵䣬Ƴһһۣһ˲ʱ䣬һǿޱȵĽ籡һʶġħƪֳ
ʾĽ⣬ħ֮Уÿһ־䶼ɱɱ⣬ȻǶǵһϵĽ⽣ģһˣ궼޷ת
Ҳɣһȥµӣ˳֮Ҳ׷׸ȥ
һȺĸֳ֣˵һҲǹˡǵûиоģͷ֮Ũ·ʲôҪ緢һ㡣
˼һתæصˮĸ򵥷ԸһŴ鳷˵ص׵㡣˺ξͳˮĸ
ʱص㣬˸ɸֻڸ⣬ѾûʲôˡЩȻҲи֣жɽٺڵĸ֣ȴûһһ
һҪ̳ȥʱһӰǰǱȳ֮㲻Ӱˡֻ뵱˳Գ⣬һϢûУûڴ˴±˶Ҫˡ
ǰȻˣվˣһ΢΢һЦ
ߣϷֻ˵ˣ˵ɣҪҰʲô飬Ψһ֣ҲоˣϷѾ̤һԪҲˣϢͲͣڷ䡣
һȻ֪£ʱ΢΢ԾԴĽ˵ԭˣϲǰϲǰطɵ뿪Ƿ֮ء
һ˿ƺʲôҡҡͷʱ򣬺δǷ֮أ˽ˣɽҲò˶١˽Ҳתɽ磬ߺߣһ˿ԪҲѵ
ƺԼп̫࣬˺ܿͻָһһ˵գСӣҪʲôϷϽþˣʱ˷仯
һΪ⣬͸¶ĻԾǳ⣬ʱջһݣݹһöСǰ鶼֮УǰĿ
˽ӹ򣬿һ飬üͷһСӣ㻹治ȻϷΪô鷳顣
һڨЦǰ£Ҳͷǰֻشٽ٣Ҫ׼ֻǰɣԲòͶǰˡϴǰС磬Ѿϴ֮ǰ֮£Ӧû°빦ɣЩ͵Сĺϣǰȥɽ磬ػص꾰󡣡
һһñӺƨõĲźۼټϵݹȥһö鵤Լ֮ǰС磬˶оԼˡ
һ£ڽӹһö鵤С磬ȴûãƻһСӣȻ˵ϷˣСòˣаǿǿӣϾһˣʹҲ㣬ģϷȫȨˡ
˴ƱһЦŨŨҲƴǣջС磬˼򵥽䣬ȥˡ
ȥһͷ·һŴʯٺһЦ̤̫鲽վͳ̳ȥ
Ǽ̳ͷݸΪ̳ƺǲԸǰ̳Ļ»
һսˣȫǲˣһţҲѭ֮ǰϵ˵Ϣһͷ̳ȥˡ
̳ĵӦòƣӲһһ֮¾Ҷûʣ£Լ㻹ӲҲֵסһǰ
һ·Խ֮󣬺һȵϢһһͨǰûе棬ûб棬֮ȫȵĻ⣬ƺһ硣
غˣûǵغˣû뵽غ˾̳ײѹֵδ̽ûϢԭͶԼֻǷŽɱΪλûӰѵԣǿҪ̶ʱһ֮նɱôҲǲܵġ
뵽˴һһ󷨿һ˲䣬һޱ޼ʵĻͱУֻڸ·ﴦһƬ֮УڼҸڸʲô


һ ͨ
һƬҲɣ̤̫鲽׷ȥƬ֮Ƭ𺣵ڣһȥ𺣸Ϳ߼ʣʱľһӻ֮е
Щ屾ǸӦĵĻľ飬һƬĻ֮Уϡʱŵʮλɢɸڻ֮Уϵĺ֮о飬Ҫ𺣣غ˸
һطڲ࣬Ϊ֪̤𺣵һ˲ȴоԼ˳
Ƭʮֹ죬Ȼɣ·һ󷨣ֲƣȻãĿĶȻҪʱ䡣սۣЩϹÿһǿǾȻҲڴ˵أȻҽȥҲò˶١Ȼ·Ǿа·ԿĴħòõó֡
һһ뷨һ취һֳٴ̤֮Уһ˲䣬̫鲽ͣ£ħ򣬲ִ󷢹ʣһ̣˾ʧڻ֮С
оڶɢɸָоȱ仯תͷһȴټЩĪΨһˣǽϣһʧĵطǹһ˿ص΢Цǻϲο
ȴ˵һ֮УʧʵȴһرĴڡû泯һ෴һƬ֮أ·Ǳ䳹ǡ
ѵʹħ֮Уͨ
һ˼һ뵽Լоħ֮ͨУһͨͨһ磬СĴڣȴֲͬ໥ƽ⡣
ֻͨҪһɾһֻҪԴԴϵĲ䣬תһסƽ⣬
̵ʷϣùͺڰֶһС磬һΨƣһΪħĶ񣬽ԻģһѰɰٱá
ֻһõĿĲԻģΪĸ֡෴غǻԪȻȻԭϣֻҪ֮֮Ӧ
ûдħ޷磬ֻܲϵƴɱĻԴ飬ʱʹһ˺ʱľ÷š
ԭˣ֮ͨУֻҪܽһѩĻ𺣾еغϲ䣬һ𺣻𣬷ƿѾ˼ֶΣڳƣ
õۣһϲ˵ֻҪҽһѩ𣬻˵ֻҪﵽǵޣƹضȥ
һܣ俪ȥܿҵһѩĺڡһͳǷ˹ȥֵֻǣƬ̣ķǵԽԽԶ
ԷóԭЦһ̧һָһħ򻮳һ⵱һʣʱһռѷ֣һ룬һ̣ǺڣΪĵһɽ״ı
ԭˣһȫǴħ죬ȫϴͨ±룬˿ҪƺҲòʹôħˡ
һһҪ֣֮ǰⲼһתʮִĴħܻͨһ͵һתͳǱȥ
ͨ˵ħǴһ棬Գϵ˰ԵطˮΪԪأʱգ飬
ֻ治ͬԭˮȴҲ䣬һôħųͨʱ˲СЧ̩֮ɽıϾȻԳϸ΢ѺٱЩһʱͻѿȥ
ȻЧһҲڴˣڷųˮͬʱҲħͨʹЩֶе£еǳԣʩڱЧһȴ֣ʩչռͨȻȻͨЧ
ԭˣһ磬Ȼޱ߱ѩϵĻǿռϣܴӸ϶ƻӦûͨӰɣ
һˣһһɱﵣһ˦䣬һһɳССޡ
СǻޣȻϲѩصĸоһڴ˴ҽвѡֻһڴ˴ܵƲͬҷɣȻû˿谭˵һǴħѪʹ˸ı죬編򣬳ΪҲûоģǰδеı졣
СͬǣСȻܷͬӰ죬һǸеʲôرĶһУԵرԾ
һܹ֮ͨԷ˼ԭСҵĽڻһɵĿռǰ̰Ե˵һݴ͡


һһ 桤
ɣ
һһ£Сһĸ߽һڿն𣬴Ϳʼת˼Ȧ֮ƺҵ¿ڵĵطһſ
һ֮УԭѰĿռһСҵĴΪģʼŤһӿռгͬˮһСҿС
Ƭ֮Сƺ⣬һΣԭͣһٴſ
һʩչɿռ䡯֮ͨǰİٱռһ׷ᣬСһˮɣռ䶼
һΪ⣬ҲСɿռ䣬ҪתͨһƽһƬѩ硣ֻʱоһתͷȥǽС˭ˡ
ףСҪʲô
ɡ
Ŷԭ㿴СҴҲ¶һֻ֣㱾Դռ䲢ʺʩչˣȻͨȻתŦȻСƻռ乹ܣŦĵطݽɣ
һһЦһץСͿһһͷײǱ֮С֮ǺӵһƬȥҲŦڣһղִħ򣬶ͨ㹻˽⣬תħѾҵŦĴŷλ
һһãСһУԵʮ˷ܡһ״ܣڿһλ̧һָһгǰ룬ɫĻɫıѩ֯
ŦˣȻҵƻˣС֣ܹסתȻܼӿ켸֡
ʱҲһָӣСѾųз˹ȥ෴ܿһͷǳĻ֮С
תС룬ڵһ˿гҪСų߻
СɡһУһǶǵĴħϢ˳ȻеĻںһҪųʱʧȥĿָֻ꣬ƽ
ֻƽȴǼСڻ֮УȫչſÿһëԭתɺﵽƽҲת
üһȥҲһͨҲȻҪ
һԵһЦһϤϢʶ֮СЦݶʱһ˿ζı顣
÷ԸңǱˣ
һһͳ˱ħ򣬽Ƿռ֮Сһֻ̣⻪һתһγǰ
һ
ˣ
ԷһŭȣһȴǵĻһ䣬ԭ߲Ǳˣֻǰͬһˡ
ãܺãܾˣҲ㽫ͨ˭û뵽㱾ˣҲǸԶʳļһҲãֻҪɱ㣬ͨй©Ϣ֪ˡ
һ˼һתһ仰е֪ϢʱһԼͨĿأԼϸ񡣲ǻܻҪ֮תһ˺ƤʲôҪЮãЩֻ׼һս
ߣѵŵö˵ˣߺߣȻˣñնɱȡ꣬ɱūͣȻź񡣡
˵䣬ڶֵһһ蹵һǰȻһеϢ
һУһľѣΪһ̺֮֮У˵һȻǷǴ֣磬һսһ
һΪķڵغ߶֣˭֪ôԼǰоһж㲻ĸоĺã͵ش߶̫鲽һͨ߶Լܴﵽļޡ
ݡ
һµһ˲һ֮ͬ͵ؾ˳ȥ
һУ񲢲գһζЦݿһӶΣһ޶ѷ֡
һ׼һʹ߶̫鲽ѿȥֻܿĹٴ
̫鲽ͨɼ£һڲ֮ءȫ߶ɼҲѾųɡ
ֻվֻѣνرʧӵõһʮΰٴΣֻҪһΣѻػ˴ٲԥ߶ħͨעһǿ֮ʱǿռȥ
һͱС˲ֵĿռҲ֧Ųסһ޴Ŀռڶǰһǻ硣
һƵĿһۣһ䣺Ҫջͨ͸ɣ˵գͷҲصľ˹ȥ


һ նԾ
˵棬ɱ˭һķһĪһƻڴħﲼǧֶΣȡͨʱһѡ
֮ǰò׽׼׼ҲǱһߣòͽŵõ˻ֶΡ
֣ÿһݵͷһһ˶ռǳ޿裬֮Уɱˡ
Լһӵ磬֪ڶ֣Ҳʵֲͨԥ׷ȥ
һͨռѷط磬ʱڶַ񿴹ЩֿһȻҲ˽ǲ֪¾綼һ
ħһնɱ飬һ߸¸ЦСӣȻ׷úúãϷһߣֻҪӦħڣϷް
ħᣬƺҲ׼˵ʲôֻһЩеλǰٳ֣䣡
˻һɢϾǸûоĴڣһʱ֮侹Ȼ˳֡ʱһƿն֮󣬼ն𺣣ĿһǽԪԳˡ
ڶɢ֮겢Ҳֻȹ٣Ԫϵɢɻһ㣬ǽţ֮Ѿﵽ˽֮ĩڣ˼ѾǽִˡǬϹ֮ͳĽɣս֮ǿ١
Խϲѣһ֣˵Ǿ춯ءһųһĿռѷϣһ죬ռѷ쵱жѣȻռѷ춼նϡ
ʱһХӶѵĿռѷд֮ͬʱĻпޱȣޱȵǶѵĿռѷֺ
Ҫ֪ƻ޸ѣܹƻռѷѾǾ׵ľռѷ֮еܹѷֺϣһء
ⷬɢɳԾѣɵһ˵ʱһϤϢѷ֮дϢ֮ǰ񷢳һ޶
оɢһ˵飬ȻʱѾѽػʱҲٲɣ׷׽ֶηųһʱ䣬ʮɢɣϰٵԻǶһǸոֲĿռѷ졣
һνǻأǵغͨش綼ҪһۼžҪѷϵʱһ֣һԴչ
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һӿռѷ촫סһҾӭ˲ϵë׷׶һ˿˿˸ÿһ֮оȻһռѷ졣Щռѷ빥֮һʱ֮һ㴫䵽ȿռȥˡ
ɢȻԾڿռ֮ƿأҲô򵥾͹ءһ󶯷ǺΧһĹٴηֿϰٵ֮ʮλɢɿŲǧı仯ȥ
Щ仯֮вپпƿռֶΣ໥֮䣬ʱǡ֮赲ˣһըõⱻըɢȥǿʥޱȵġ֮Ҳֱ
һƿ֮ںڿռѷϡֻЩѾǿ֮ĩûȷܾͱѷһָץˡ
һζ̱ӣȻƽռƣʮɢɫÿΪʮ˶ԸһˣҶԷڿռѷ֮УȫʱƴһʲôǾͲ˵ˡ
ֻǵĵǲͬͬΪԼ¶񱩲ѡһצץƿռ䣬ξͳڻ֮С
ǰԸһʱͬһ¶ȫ壬ӢǷֻ꣬ȴԵа졣һܣʮɢԼһһЦЦǲм֮⡣
ãܺãû뵽һȺɽٶɲȥķȻҪѵ±Ǵ䳾˵УתͶ̥ô
߸ϣһȺɢɶû˿õ˼ھҪҪԵޱȰԵͬʱΪɵֵϢޱķǴӱϸһȵϢʱסһɢɡ
ʱһߴߣʲôаĶȻԳǲ֪ߵغ񣬲Ȼ磬־ˣˣҲó·
һ˵ǽϣΪһʤǿͲΣ۲ģҲǵһϢ֮ת˵䣬Ѿһƿվͳɱ˹ȥ


һ Ϲ
һ־ѡǿҲյĽս˸һ˲ǰһŵε¶
ڳɢɷ׷׳Ծѣħһ⽣꣬û뵽ٿԪԵĶ¾Ž
˻һԭ붯ֵڶɢɶͣϢսƺԼϢɱ֮һ㡣
һҲһܿ͸оΪʲô̬һ̣оԼ·ʲôסһСľҪնɱ
ⲻǡϣϢǡħԭˣصϢΧһзҵĴڣնħȫһǿֶΣֱ赲һڲ²⽣ߵͰԵһ·ߵ֮ǡʥǱһġ󽫡ʥ롮Ͼܿ˽֮Ǵ˵еĽ֮֮СͨġͨͨСͨġҲͨʥ롮ʥӦνͨģʵͨģһһнɽ򽣹ġʥʥĲ򽣲ʵ޵֮
һһ֣ͨͷп˽֮ĺڣٳٿ粻һ˾绹һ֮⣬ǲ֪ѡһ·
ǿͨ򽣣ڻһﵽһ򷨵·ڵİԵ֮Դ޽޳ɣٴԥΪ޽ʵһ׽һԴ·һԪʼгɾͣʥ֮ҲһֶΡ
˵һԵ֮ķźͳ̶ȥ޽һɣǼпͻ˽֮ﵽ˵֮ͨ
޽򲻶ߣᴿڽԴ֮Уȵ޽ﵽߴϣһųɾſ޳֮ͨ
˵һѡ񣬶ڱ˵ɵĻһڼʶʫֶΣ˽ϹžԼԵҲһƵ˵ͨͨȻҲǲѡ񣬵Ҳǲˡ
Ҫƽ£ʫɶϷȥͨĺͨ񽣵ѡ֮ͨ
ֻ֮ͨԣʫҲҪֲ̤룬ͺͷ˵̤룬ǿ̽һ
ٿ˽Ԫʩչʥ֮Ľ磬ͷƺʲôģģ壬ֻֻҪԼȥһܹҵҪġҲѧϢ䡣
ڹۿͬʱҲռϢλɢɵ̸֪֮˽ϵ¼ԼϢ
ԭԪԣɽһ˵еʦ档ֻ紫֮ǧǰ֮ǰĴڡ
ԭһǰԪɽһľţԵɺ֮µõѵһͳڶǰնħΪΡ
һǰй¶ԼΪڵӵݣһһ磬նɱΪֵħ֪ڴ˹У֪ٳɱɱȥ
һʱ֮䣬ΪնħĴʣֻҪ֮ħԲΪΪ޲˱ԶݡȻΪҲʱнһ
νزʣΪۻǿа޹أԪɱ¾̫飬վǿ١ԭ٣ÿһضͬǿʮֹ
еһأڶ٣ԪƾǿʵȹԵٵʱ˸һ췣֮¡
ֲ飬ڸø޳ɢɵĻᡣ޾֮һˣǾɨߡɨΪɽһĸ֣Ҳ׽֮£ԪԸɽ٣׼һݲϾ͸
ԪԲǽţֲųƳɽһʦȻӲеԼһ׾űġ¾Ž֮ϡ
¾Žֻһ鱦ΪԪԶɽ٣ҽǸϣȻ֮˶ɽ鱦Ҳλ֮õĵɽ鱦
գԪ¾ŽϣΪһֽɢɺͶɽ鱦֮Ĵڡִֻ죬һӦ̾Ҫ½ƽֻܲڽڣ֮һش٣ңſԳ
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ֻһβ׷ɽǿǶԸ񣬡¾Žڼǽ˵Ľзӵһʩչ޽ʱǿ˲ֹһ


һ ħ
뽣ʮν棬Ϣǿ壬Խϵ͹̩ɽϷǵˣҪһ̩ɽͷһ㣬ԭǿҶϬϢȻԽսԽ£ڽ
˺һӳ֮ǿ˱ɢɵˮ׼ڼԽ٣ﵽǿвɵľ硣
һгԼǾţŸ֮꣬ɽٶûжɹġȴһθһ˿ֲϢ
огȻвԼɵͷĵǰѹѾ࣬ͬ˱ǸĶһСģǼʱһоͨҪԿһǿʣյĳӣЩȻܴӷвǲˣŪˣȽɱˣյĳӣʱ
뵽˴Ҫ֣һ֮ٴγֻ֮֡Ǿ˲䣬ȴȷ˹
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ܿ죬ͿһеĶΪһǡǬ֮ɷһСֻŵӵʱ򣬾ͼſʩչǵɷʮһֶΣɷ֮
ֻͬһУڲͬʩչȴȫͬſʩչɷ֮˵ݣɷ֮ѹˡпν©ٳɷ֮ĸɷûУֻ«ưˡ
Ȼͬһ̺Ľɷ֮ɷ˵򱶲ֹϽĽɷ֮⣬һ;Ѿӽ˵괴һǰ֡
¾Ž΢·ɽ鱦ɽز⡮һһ̣һŨңȴбըӡ¾ŽɢϢըȻÿһϢžУ͸¶Ͻ⡣
ȻһҲ΢΢üо仯ݲݶԴֻվɵֻ֣ǷӵɵĶѹĴڡԣԸ֮һ޷ϣ͸ɴɡ
ٹ⣬ٹֶ
ӵɵ֮ǵһζԸһʩչͷȻһڶת˲֮䣬ڶɰ׶һȵϢӰ׶֮¾ŽǰѾɽͷСѹ˹ȥһб仯
֮֮ը֮˷ûжϾ֮󣬡ಡһ¾ŽǰɫҲɢ˫һʤ
ֻ˲䣬ٴδӶ¾Ž֮зǷŭǼ˷ܡ
Ҫ֪ʱ⣬Ѿӵġƶа˳Լһǻ鶼Ͷע֮УһԼܳȥͨ׵ã
һ˵Ϊ֮⣬γûҪԼһֵ뷨ֻʱǨһȻɲţһս񵱵ΪһãˣԽĶ֡
궷һѾע飬⡮һ֮ͣϢʩչڶ
ǬƳ
һʮһ˾ͽ˵ʩչҲǿ򱶣죬۽֮ΰ۽֮Եһڡ֮ϡ
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ڳһħɢɣһҲ̾ѡֻû˿Ȼ־ΪϾһİŻǿ
ȴ˵ֱ˽񣬷ԡһһŨҵĸоӿͷΪһαˡԽѾǡӲ˱ȳΣǾ̲סŭˡ
ʲôУ㾡һм𣡡
УٴʩչһС֮ǰġҫһǴɱ֮ǿͬһ¥
нޱߴһ໥ײǻ𺣣غͨʼҡҡ׹ĸо
ֻܹѹͬɵֵ޵дڣġȻǿһٲƽ֣ǡǬˣڽ϶


һ Ҷ
ؽ̩ɷһ壡
һСǬܵ˿ûгɵ˼һХڽħ֮УǿԵһؽ̩ʩչ
ؽ̩ǡǬһһֱ仯в̺ˡǬһͽɷ֮һѰﵽɾ֮ĳ̶ȣǳӯ˽ʥ֮ľʥ⡣
̧ۼ䣬ħĽƪ··ʵʣһϣһؽ̩Ĵ֮³롮貹֮С
һǬؽ̩ȴϣˡǬ԰Ծƥɱ˹ȥ
Ϊ͵һУҲɵͫһΪһдľȺͰȻġѾˣټ֮ǰģȻѹס
ĳӣȻҷ־ҪõĻȭһС
ٲݣһʩչУġٵһбһգһбһклȭȭһܹӳ
ֻ⡮ȭͬˮһ㳯ؽ̩һȭˣһ˾ͽؽ̩룬ڶ˳͸ؽֱ̩ؽ̩һУͬ¾ŽҲû
һɢɶһЦѣָһɢɴЦʲôؽ̩ǷˣΥ汾³ǿ޶꣬һᣬǿϹ鸽̣ҿԴǽͽҫ٣ѡɣ
뷨ǽһ򾡣ҹζࡣʶ˽ϵֶΣȻ壬ҲҲܷļƻΣˣһ׼ȰֶΣǳɹ๥ʧҲʱ䡣
ֻȴСɢɵľģ䣬һ˳֣˲Ǳˣһ棬ɨߡ
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ֻɨֵ߳ķ򲢷񣬶ǡȭĵˡһС̩ɽһСɹľֶΣܹŤתǬʹ̩
һֱֱڡȭϣɽһһΪԪۺϢƳͷӳЧһٱȴ಻ϵľȻᴩˡȭӲһͨ
ܣ򽣹ڣ
һϤĳ֮ͨдͬʱŵ׽˳ͨಷɳǶ¾Žʲô¾Žһٴδ߳һ˿ֻԵȻĲ١
ʦ°ɣɨ߹еʵ
޷ϵĻشĿ⿴һ
ƺû뵽ܹġȭ´ɨҲҽȳһʱǷŭˣȻӱ񣬱
аնаλѣְɣһԪԪϵڿڡ
⻰ħɢһ٣֪ʱǳֵʱٲʲô׷׼ֶξɱ˳
һԪʼ
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ħ˼䣡
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һʱɢɽԳɱֶζһǰвͬÿ˶ѹ׵ֶʩչ
ÿжһ׶ɽ鱦ڵɨߣ貨ŵļϷˣħڵĳħȼ˻ǹԭ򣬻׼Ȼÿһж׶ɽ鱦
ΪһԪĴУԪԪԪλɢɣ˸Բһɽ鱦֮⣬һԲ״鱦
һ鱦ͭʵأιӼԼ涼⻬ɼֻһճǰ׹⣬һճǺڹ⡣
׹մλɢɣÿ˵õһ׹⣬ƶһأȻǼӳֵֶΡڹմ񣬹⻪ռݣڡ
Ȼһ澵ǼΪټĹ͸õ鱦Ҹ˳Ծǣһ澵֮ԼһԣƺһĴڡ
һϢʮϤΪⶫͨΪƣֻǿ⾵ӻȲͨ
ɼ鱦Ҳ֮ˣϾɼ鱦ǱѵõĴڣһ澵Ǿһδ٣ȡ֮˵˵þлһԾΪɼ鱦ѹĴڡ
һƣΪˮĸԴʵѾ֮£һ֮ͨ⣬ǲ˲١
ֻҲԹ԰ϾˮĸԼ޵ǱֻҪȹһνӵиǧ˰꣬ȻᳬţΪһ
ȻЩңԶĽʱٵζȹ˽ڣ˿ˣ˼һͳȥ


һ ϢԲ
˵ʫ䷲֮⣬ϵġħ˼佣ļ££Ҳֻ㣬ǽ㡣ԼһҲнһ˿ԼҪĶ
֮һΨ෬˼ǣٰ룬ڱģȻˮɣ
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ǡͨЩԣѵ˵֮ͨл˱Ķˣʱ׼ҲҵȲƣˣ塣
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ʼصնǲҲͰˣһʱע⣬һɢɵɱ˹
СӣɱԳ󻼣Цһһ˫֮ƾһһңͬ󵶵ͷ¡
ɱңûôף̫鲽ŵ٣ٱɱУһٴչ̫鲽һ˲ʧ١
֮׷һУѾ̫鲽İ׼ֶζԸһУһ˫֮վնһһ£ͬһ˲䣬Ȼγ֮ҪһƬռ仯磬
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ȥɣ
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ҪֽһͬСһͬնһУһֶҲȫˣֻ˲䣬һӰǰоŵ⣬ǽ˭ˡ
ˣң
㣬һҪɱ㣡
صһ˿ãһСؽ̩סһһ˲ɢҲ׷ٴγɺΧ֮ƽ롣
ϵÿգһնһȱڣһסһ˲ᣬ̫鲽ٴη̤磬Ʒ
ϣȻ֮ǰ棬վЩңԮһ֪Լòԡ
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һ״֪ϵ˼˵ͷ˵һ̫飬ʧããСŵ˵ͷ촽΢ƺ˵ʲôתٴͶĴս֮С
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ѵ˵ҸӦˣԣһ˿ϢȻޣȴʵʵĴڣֻҲǱص˸øصֶβˡһҶೢԣȻܹҵߡ
һˣһʼǴħԭԼӴħڵõҵķ򣬺СҺСɴħִڷǰǰõķ򼸺ռ˴ħɣм̳еһɻҪࡣ
ֻõϵͳУĶɢɢҪԼ⣬޷ѡʲô̽飬ֻһ顣
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ӵеҼܴӴħ֮ҵӰӣصֶξȻҲѵ˵˸µĶɡûôħ֮еֶΡǰߣҿ¾ΪֻСҺСȫŪһͨſܿ®ɽĿǺߣǾ͵óһֶˡ
뵽˴һҲԥ˵һֳͷһռ޽ųѩ磬пռ䷨Сɣһ濪ʼֶ̽顣
̫飬̫䣬Ե˼䡭ħ䣬ħ
һͨɷħֶΣͨ󷨣ӷĶ׷׼һ⻪磬һΪռ˼ֹ⣬ȴûбô


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ħУɵħҲԲУѵ˵һڲصֶֶβɡˣǾֻһˣһüͷһС״ڸһͨš
һ崫ǲܴˣҾ㴫ڳѰ˳ǷһУѪΪĴڣ򲻿
һС׵ĹϵѾ̤һӵڣǱݣѪϣԳΪһⲿˣԱܴڵͨҲԴˡ
ңΪⲿˣƽ²õ̫ഫУԲûôʲôͨ⴫֮Ĺ涨һպӣСеõȫУõͬ£Դκˡ
£ˮĸһõΪͳ崫Уʹнϣ̶ܹʱ٣屣ƽ⡣
һˣϹ֮ݲȡͨҲûз¡ֻΪǳ̶ȲߣżûʹáΣ²ҲҪʹͨţҲ˳
С״ڵͨҪϵһǾһǧ괫зչõġű䡯˷βƾʺϾβһ壬ʹãͬɾβè壬ȻҲʹãֻȴ˼
һϵһ顯ص䡣ഫϹ֮ʱͳۣ´۱롣󣬵ٿȫ飬ϹŴľֶ֮⣬ȫ
ϹʱдԣֻҪõ飬طܹϵͥ´۵λӣͳ
ֻһ顯ز֪˭ӵУޱȣأû൱츳ͻǾɡ
һõ󷨵ʱȨѡˡ顯Ϊ롮ű䡯൱̺ذȴ࣬ʺ
Ϲʱõġ顯˭Ҳ벻ȻС׵Ĵм֮УȴһУСɡ
Ȼ˼ѳɶۣ塣һԥĴ߶Լ弶൱ԪӤġ顯
һ߷һģͼͳͷͬ΢һ㣬߻㣬֣ģûԾ
һ޳ɡ顯Сɣɵ鸱鸱ĵһֱʾʽӷһ㣬Խ֮ѸٷֶͨΣ׼̫෨
һ˿飬ָһ˲߶顯һ˰ٵ֮ͨУ̽һǧʮͨ˲ϢͶѩ֮Уǣ칷ߣ󣬼˲ϢѰѩн䡣
һųͨȫ巨ΪҲЩ̣˿ɿռСңڵؽԵԪʼָ顯ĵ巨
ʱţһʱȥڶͨûлظһЩסˣҪٴʩչֶΣųڶ̽鷨ʱһ΢Ϣʶ֮С
ͨ󣡡
ԭһϢڶ֮ͨУһͨͨһͨãרֲ֮أѵ̽顣
һ̽飬ע˼ľǡͨԼͨû뵽ͨȫûϢΨһͨڼɢͷһѶϢ
üһȻͨû뵽Ȼ˽ƻ֪˽ħ򣬿ֶΣרͨΪӡһصѾոǶҲв㣬Լ˿Էֺͽ⿪ϧǣ벻ϹŴһרͬҿԽѧץסʹţҪҲܷ
һ־һһɨ֮ǰȻһЦֶʩչ԰ٵͨӳּٴ߶̫鲽һʧԭء
һһΪһԵСҿ̧ͷ뷨ûУͷĿռ֮ɢӦʱЩļˡ
ôܣôҵеصƣǲǴ˵оӦĴôһһȺƭң֪ͲǵĻֱһͨʩչ˵ҲأûϵǶɽٵʵ֮Ѿʼѱ𣬶ЩһﲻͷغˣѾͷһɵ˵˶ֵסС͵ɣ
һЦڲסĵ⣬һ߻һ˲䷴˻ȥһΧٴδơ


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ȴ˵һš̫鲽ͨ͡˳֮ǰһͨķλѩ̽ȥ˲֪չգһڡ
һڣǽλöԣڡͨĵ·һʮ۵λãؽƣǱ֮ΪơֶȴӲܹʶ󷨣һһε̽顣
Ϣͨ̽飬ھһڣһһʱ䶼Ҳ
Ȼⲻ˵ͨӻ޳ɵʶ󷨸ֻΪ粻ɵֶΣѪ˵ص߲ųɾִͣΧֶβ̫ãԵġͨЧ
о֮Ϣһ֪ԼҶ˵طͷɵöͨҲһ˼¹һҪúһһμǡϹèӡһλҪͨʱ򣬿¾ûôˡ
ЩҲǺ󻰣һҪɵľ̽ڣԼĿġ
˵ųɾŶȷǰչƵڣһһϾǰȥ˼һһĶͷһɷ˳
ЩɷǾħʮ䣬һΪ˾ʵרעͻƷĴ絤ͨȵȣھħ䣬Ȼгɣɱ϶ʮַϣħ壬ҷ£ħ
ٴοħûʲô仯Ψһ仯ĿϵϢҰ׺ʮ仺Ѹħ䣬ȻΪûߣȴӿˡ
һһξҪڻңǰΣʵǿһȻãȴҲʮҪ˵ڻȥֻ˵Щħ۵ģͷ·ϵͷһͷҲûʲôȥġ
һͷħһİ£׶ͳǰɹȥ棬Ӧһв⡣
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һһԪ飬עļֵ֮Уٴħһʼ۲һͷͻ
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뵽˴һĵһص׾ŴÿһǳѰɽٵĴڣǾ㱻һ֮СҲ˵ж󣬵ֱʣνǴòˣһ·ɱֹиּҲȲֱʡ
÷񣬺ǿҲҲΪħڻң˿뷨̫Цˡֻվ󷨣Ҳû˿ƣվڣߺߣǾͿˣС飡
˵䣬һһУзɳһͯͷ٣ϹźǶ̫ϵһƷ֮һɼ顮С顯
һΪСҵһЩңڡΪ㹻̵飬һ֮̽⣬ʱ򼸺ûйˣΣһĹؿȻȫװΪԷһСҲǴˡ
С鱾ڽӿռ֮ˣһ˳Ȼ֪ڡһСɵģİһݣ֮ͯİݵСݼˣ֪ʲôԸ
һԵ˵ͷԸȻУϱУһ״ѾɴơҪͨƴԽȥ֪а취ûУ
С󷨷飬һʱһǡʹҡڵȥ¹۲һԭнĹâȻϲ
ϲˣϲˣһСϵãϹͥеġơСԭƿһұһȫ档һԲȱӴȴʹǱСƿ͵̫ϵȥԭǵϣ̾һɼ󷨣ԭһϣһ˶Ʋˣ


һ ı
һСæܹ˳ͨȥ̽ʣ˭֪С۲һȻóôһۣʱϲӿͷ
С飬Ե棬һܹȡȻ̫ϵĻɽ֮У
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һѾСⲼ֮˵Ĳˣ˼ͷɵ̫ϵ֮СҪ֪Ȼٻ̫ϵͱɽߵһߣӵĴڡ
Щ䣬ǲСط޸󷨡ֻǼӵеԴСһҲָ˼ؼ󷨣ʤްˡ
һ켶󷨻ָǰԭһһ֮󣬼Խ̫ϵڲıݡȺҲɲ˷ܣɲϲ
ܿʹӾϲת˼һת֪±Ȼ˵ô򵥣㿪ڴСС飬˵ֲܹ֮ɽ֮У֪ҪʲôֶΣ
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ɣһͷ΢΢һתһ룬ָܹһ켶󷨣Ѿĺôˡ
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˷ģСһ㲻ɹСҲԽ֮ƻȡѪȥҲָܹһٵֵϰ켶󷨡
һԣͷ˵ף㾲С˵ʱʱ䣬С鴫ڵУֶζúãٴԡ
ˣʼɣ
Сһʼһ˵ͷ̤̫鲽һԶ̤֮С
̫鲽ǳû֮ǰľħһһͱ֡ԼĪʮأһ˿Ϣһͷһ˳
仯绢ΡǬ㡢롢ޡң𣡡
һɿһ̫鲽Ҳ΢΢һ䣬Ȼ˳Ķһ޶ּ̧ץһڹ⣬ڹһͷħ
һͷħһֲû֮ǰͣƾƺ˼ʲôһ˿ܣһǾħͬڹһͬһһףͳĴ˹ȥ
ͣĶԵóԲãһȥһڣ֪㣬Ҫͷһ
ֻһת̫鲽ߵС鴫ڣרƵĲȻͣȴ׷
һһ㣬֮֮Ӱ߳нͷ
ԸЩҲǰһ㣬ħƵķЩƺóԵģȲȥûãһӰԽԽ٣Ϊ͵ļͷ޶ʧ
һҲɣּ佫СųС黷ܣĵ˵ͷˣƺðɣСֵ
˵䣬С̵һһɾӨ⻪ӶŷɳС飬Ϊӡǡֻһһ֣ͻ˿˿Ͷ˷֮С
Ʊ켶仯ȻûʵʵԣҲƺоΣաСһʼռ󷨱㿪ʼƱ
֣ݣƹ߲ʱ̶ۣʱ֮ڣȻֱ仯һ顣֮һҲò˳ƣȴϢ
ʱ䣬һڴӴ֮иоһ˿ϤϢǹϢľħϢ
һıƣؼѹźıۡǰħ֮Ϊע֮УһΪʼʳ
һѾħĿȨС飬ʱħϢڶȻС鿪ʼжԾħʼʳ
ֻҪʳʼһ鲻۳ɰܣҲһ룬ĶСˡȻˣҲҸˡ
˵䣬һ̤ƣһСڲƱûӰɱɱáֶҲһ㣬谭ľͳȥ


һ 
һСǽǣ˵Ū÷ˮʱɢȻӦֱ仯ֻȻնɱص߲㣬ղóɹûڻֻ֪ͨкܴ󶯾ˡ
ȻƵس̶ȣǧٸ⣬ȴ֪һԼûзУҲҪѾܳ͸˵һˡ
οʧܣպ֣ҲڲڡͨԡơΪںͷ˹غˣٻı
Ҫ֪˼Ҳŵȡһͽ׵ɳףȵߡ˽٣Žٵɢɡڴ֮ϣнף߽ף߽֮ϻд㼶ʲôɣɣɡ
ÿһСλ֮Ĳʮ־޴󣬱ȵߵһ㼶󣬶㼶ĲǸǱȷͬɽٸ֮Ĳ໹󣬿νɸһѹɡ
ıǸн׵Ĵڣʵʮһѹ磬иʮɢҲֵסȻûȫ٣ƣһɵʶ˹
£һֱӳȥ¼£ҲҪնɱлҲһ㡣
뵽ɶĵվҪͷ죬ɢɵϮɱҲЩ׽⣬ٲȫӦɢɣѸ౾
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̤ſһݵף֮ǰΪƣֻǴģ˫Ŀ֮Ĺʸ˺͸ԸУ·ĿһжǹУҲó¡
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ȻĿһһۣһҵһֻСӣû뵽㡣ʹӷõϢһ徹ȻܹѧһͨЦ룬˻ˣ֪ҪѶʱܽҵ㾹ȻͶǺãǺܺã˱һࡣˣ͹Թɣ


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𲻽µİƣ˵־Ͷ֣˿ԥڴӡһƲƲ죬ǻһһ޶ӡ䣬ֻ뷽Ųͬһµϰٵӡ
Žһӡͽһסһٵӡͬʱһ֮ǿֱȡһطҲұ֤Լȫˡ
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һԣֻһЦ֪ʱٶﶼû˿ôɴȫע׼ֶΡ
ӡ֮£ٴκϵʱ͵ڤڤгһѳվͳӡնɱȥ
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һȣռѷ͵ʮһɢĿռ¶޽ʲôҽһӰųΪһģڷĹעԪЩһոµжɽټ֡
ԭɽٸ֮ħ֣ʦһ췢棬ж˴еİɽ١ֻ֮ǰΪŷ޽򲢲ͨ޽ֻʮɽ١
һιǣ޽֮Уͳһе顮С졯֮⣬εĹ֮ǰ޵ĽһȻжʮţǾ˵޽֮жʮɽټԴȪ


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ڲԽԽ֮ͨӷ֮ͨҵһСͨ۽֮Դǻǻ֮նȴ֣̰ա
һǻ֮Ľͬ־ᡣȴӲڷʦԡ۽ĻһŽ𡢵֮Ľ𽣡
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һͷһϲƺû뵽Ľһ֮󣬱㱬ŭ
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ڴħ£ǱԵΪ֮ǰ̫鲽׽ãѾ֪Լĵк;̫ԶҪƴºͷȡ裬ͷ˼ɵıƴѡԵֱӵԾ
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ֻһҲ׼һ£޽֮Щ֮Уһö˸һ̣ȻɹâȻʹķʽȫԪע޽
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һйȻЧһҲսûعʮЩɽٸִεڡһ˲䣬һһǿޱȵԪ޽֮У֮ǿʮƷɽܵ޽ѹø¸ֱ졣
ܵȵһ߶ȫмԦסĸоҲùԦֻΪһתվһޱ뽣֮Сһ̣Ϊ֮ĺôչֳ
һ֮ʹĿﵽΪ˵ļޣִнѰ˶ȲԳһɰҪѹ򷴶࣬һ޽赼עڣһĹ뽣֮С
һʱ䣬ǵӴԪĽҲƵţԭǾ޴ӣ˲ͻͨɽһ㳯ѹ˹ȥȻǴֲѹסٹ⡯֮ŭж᧿Σ


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Ѱ߽׵ĶֱƴѡâƴĹУΪԷһѡʵһ
һΣһһٵ߸ֶΡһעһǰҲͰˣпԭսֱֿǴòٴ
ֻⳬĴ򷨣һ־ͽˡŹĽܹһһҲû뵽Է˺£ҡ
ۼٹ⡯֮͡ŭƻܿӳԾ֮лָͷȻŭ籡һĳӡּȭʽ

ȭǿͨ˵Ҳʵܹǿȭ
ֻȭųʱСӰһ类ͷһΪңһر㵹Ӱ϶Ϊһһɳͽ䣬ĩյϢ
ȭ񱩶ңˡٹ⡯֮͡ŭ·ĩĴһ㳯Ǿ޴ޱȵĽȥ
ΪҵĹ޻ڵĶԺһһ˲䣬ռ䶼˺ѣǱѩ֮ʼ¶ͨĺҲҡҷϣƺҪһС糹׻
޾֮ӳ޵У
ȭȻǿĹ̺ȴһǿһδһУȻԱӡӦһѩ磬ҪӳֵԼϣϣһѹ
Ȼѩ籾죬𼸺һӦһ޾ӿҪġ
һʱ֧ŽѾû𷢶֮ȵСңС𣬷ͨأ
һһкһǲڿռ֮СҺͲڡͨеСͬʱԳΡ
СҴһţȫ߶ɿռ䡯츳ͨһ˲䣬ǱನĶݣֱȡԵҡҡ׹ıѩѩϼ˪һƳϣƺʱ㵹
Сѽҡһ䣬չʮɵľ޴ڣſһȻǲڡͨģתɱѩ֮Ļ֮˲
һͷޣһͷޣһݿ࣬ƻѩĹǼܣһ׳нȥѩԴȪһʱ䣬罫㣬ص׺ģλҳȥǱĲòάסѩ硣
ģԭ㣬ҵôֻȻɱ㣬ٻָһ͸һ㣬ѽֻҪһҪţЩҲ
һ鼱֮£ٻСҺСսû뵽ȻЧĴУʱףơԭͨŤת֮Ϊѩ֮赲ǰʵȴǽ˹֮ģ
ȴһ簲θ档һɿռ䣬һɻ棬ʱԭӦص׺ĵ˴룬ʹñӦûָһɨָֻ˲֣
ȻҲǳԽɢɣɵĴڣһмظ򣬱һƴȫҲܻʤ
ȻʱţȻ𼸺սվۺĵ̣˹һյıԪҲ˥ԭɽӴҲС˺ȭռϷ磬ʼĳһ
Сӣܻ㾡վһܽȵȳ̶ȣѾǧĻˣٲһλᣬȥɣ
һĺѾʾһ˥ﻹ侮ʯ˼һȶıѩ£תȫ߶ȭһɱ
ǹñȭһüͷһ壬ʱһ֮ǰȥʴƵС顣
ˣС鲻ڽȫգȻûʱ佫֮޲ȫܷΪǽѣ
ʲôѾȫƣã̫ˣҲС飬ȫ߶һа񣡡
˸һ𷢶鱾Դ̤䣡
һھһԺ֮У֮ǰС鴫ڵӭϣһʱ֮䣬ʶ֮жһӰ·ܴ֮߶ɱ
ʱΣʱ̣ȭҪʣ²һĽɱ˿ԥľͷˡ


һ 
ʱһڽ֮ȭܣҲסҲ˲ãֻѹ
ʱһƾһռڶ֣һȣ䣬Ǳѣ͵ǹ׹ɢһĿռ֮УһӰ֣߻㡭ɾ
ЩӰ֮ǰһƵʱġֻЩӰǶǳǻһ㽫롣
һ̣ڶӰͬʱһͷӰɫհڽ֮⣬뽣϶ΪһȻǺƽȭֵס
ǡƣôܣǱΪãרŹѣôᱻСȡѵ˵Сص廹ʲôϵɡ
ŵķУһȴûлش뷨͵Ĵ߶ʣԪٴע뽣֮Сһʱ֮䣬֮ܣһٴλϷ磬ʼȭƻȥ
ͬʱѩ֮УСҺСٴ˷ˣոտȶıѩֿʼѩڣ顣
ȻƱ񣬱ȻҪ㸶ĴۡΪӮˣ룬ʶʶһǿػ֮ӻ
˫ֺأһʮģһ֮ƻռһķ֯һѤĹ֣Χס롣
ʱͬպýȭƻؽϢڷ䵽ϣһʱɰѹòʤ
ֻ֮ӻȴǰȻԹһУԹԹܽɱһȻһΡ
ۿռŵȻٴλ֣һһ˿ɫǹһ˿Ц촽΢³һ
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һըѾһǲ֮УһģֻǽСҺСջǿ̤̫鲽ʧ۰Ͱ͵ĿţʲôҲˡ
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ѩ룬񱻡֮ӻػţˡ֮ӻԭ貵Ĺ⻪Եð֮⣬һҲûܵˣֻɫѿ̶Ⱦˡ
ĳӣȻ˱Ĳãñ޷ָȫʵȴС˱Ȼһ㣬ܹͬغˣֻҪȱָһʵʱӵĺǣҪ׽ãɷĩ
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һתңҪٴδ߶ǡ֮ӻƺֻǿܸһ˿ȫĸо
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ʱһһƬӹֳ޾ֳֹһӾȻˮĸ֮ǵˮĸҲûȫ߶ġͨ


һ 
ҪΪ֮Ǿѵ飬֮ķ鱦ɽ鱦ڶ֣ɼĶڡͨɼ鱦̺룬ܴڣϢȥඥҪ̲סջ㳲
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Ϊ嵽һæգֲֿŵԣѾҪƭһ֡


һ նɱ
ӦֻҪͳ磬Ϊ¶һַֻһĽ򣬽֮һж㰲šԳ棬ɷ£һŲԤΪֵһڲѹôЩɻģһжֻҪͷſһһжġ
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СһͷԼ򵥣СҲ죬ԲʮַٱСһƣﻹţ׷׵ͷкá
С˵һһޣǹһ˿ģһЦݣ֣һ︽һ飬ͷ޲ֹ֪һʲôһ̣СҺС;ɿСһȽһУͳȥ
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ʱһѻһͬܵغͨдܳſһֻչɵڣС˭ˡʱСվһСһͷСҲǱһиС飬Сҡ
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νƶͷбǲʱδƽǿ󣬼λԺаԵ캦˲١
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ٺһ㶵ѪծʲôѪծʲôѪծԳ
˼ԨͫһĿ⼸Ҫһ˫ɱ˽һЦʤ̭ﾺҲûʲôҶżҵ̷ȴΪ˶ñҪɱڣҲż˶˵ʲôޡ
ٺ΢𣬱ΪܽżС¡Ϊº֤ʵйʫɣ˽һ¡Ϊ𣬻ѱѾżҽɱɾȻһ˼ԨҪΪżұѪ𣬶ʱһ˼ȵס
˵ʱ򣬶˼ԨᣬЦһѪծѪʦ˵²ңк֮£Ҳ£֮ɱЩĸ߲㣬Ҳοż֮ˡ
˵֮䣬˼ԨѾѧǿĽʩչһ˲䣬춼ǽ⣬ָȫ֮ˣƺһܽҸ߲ɴ⬡
Ҹ߲οϸľٺһҵҺնɱţʱҸ߲㶼ȻҲ˶أ˶˼Ԩһɱȥ
Щнʮ֣ԪӤʿһ߶ԱаɱһĻǷּ˶ҪݱܷâֻǶ˼ԨǵˣԽӴ߶ȥһʱ䣬һƬسΪ˽ǵĺ
Ƕ˼Ԩһ˴߶аһ𷢶ȻǶ˼ԨռơֻҲı֮ͻ뽣֮пʼ˽ɱҲƵɱ¾ܿ죬ײод˷ĲҽҸ߲ڶ˼Ԩ¡
ЩҽУҸ߲һѪɫֻаԽԽСȴҲ˼ԨӰֱʱ֮󣬼кһµĸ֮ŷֶ˼ԨٴԳ
һɱնкһ¸֡˼ԨȻȫʤҲĲСֻǿǾ״Ҹ֣һ˿ɱӿ𣬶ʱϢ˳˼֡

㣡
ٺıŭ˼ԨֻĻһ䣬Сֻһٲֱֱһɱ˹ȥ
һҵƹ񡣵żҵľ˼ԨһҪɱҲ
״ֿ˼ûУָתܡֻٶȵ϶˼Ԩһҽдضڵϡ
ڸ߲޲ý˼Ԩ龭ƤǲԼϵ⡣ʱһХʱ䣬ȻҸ߲ɫתΪϲ


һ ն棬Ľ
˭ɱ֮ˣ
Х֮УһȻкһֻҪҷΧڵʿһһ
һʱЩΧۣ׼˵ʿ׷װҽжˣߴȴǰȻΪǱΪ鱦һХܹԸġ
棡
һ˲䣬˼ԨжݡͫһھϵǼɱЩҸ߲㻹ȥӭ档
ʱƿڵʦܣʱ䣬ߣԸͷ˰ǰɣ
⻰˼ԨȻʦֵ֣֪ܳˣõİ취ֻܵ˵ͷһ䡮лλʦʦܡתͷٳҸ߲ɱȥ
˵񣬲Ҳıּ֮ԼһǰȥɴҰΧԷκ©֮㡣
ơʦֵһǴʦ֣һСʦܣͬܳƿ֮ͷܵأ泤Х֮ء
ܵأۿȥȻһεɽȣʱֵµգһһһӰվɽһʯϡ
ʲôˣɱ񻹴ܵأٹģܸһȫʬĻᣬҪ˺Ƭɻǣó
ɵýЩſһһǣֻһڱͬ·Ӥһ㣬һ˼άʹԡ
˹꽻һǰ˵ǰȻȻ˵ܹ֮һ棬û뵽Ϊ˻ָƣ㾹ȻͬɣҲǿɱ̾
⻰ɫ΢䣬һǿдȻ֪˱ܣųȥаǣ˫ɱ
Ͷһܣŭɶһʱͳơ
Ƽ״˵ͷһ֣˲͸˷һһͲ
ƱľйԶΪСĳƺšһ̫ϵع飬㽫һϹžѧͳľ֮ߵϹʱʥ֮
һšеļ̺ľеϢһ򲻵սһɣξݰ˷˰ݷ
Ȼ޳ɵ˺ԶƾһɼͲεȴСɵزҲǿһ־ѧԼһ鱦ʹɨս޵УʿС񡯡
꣬ͨѾﵽĦڣһһ˴СͨͲ˴ͨһСħӡͶʮСֶͨϣʹֶ֮࣬֮һڶ֮зһλ
Ϊܳλ֮һҲһһ鱦ǴһŷʦжҶ飬ƼӳֻͨҪڵȼΧ֮ڣһСͨӳ֮ͻнӽͨܡ
ȫһʮֵļϣֻΪ躹޲Ų֪Ūһɮ֮ͷҲδ֪
ʵһ鱦ʦֵѾԽɱֵʵֻһǲΪɱѡ˲ķʽǶǷǲסǲһͨп϶ɱȥܡ
һɱûг̫ãһХǶ˼Ԩɱ˽һ˼䣬˼Ԩһףһʬ壬Ҹ߲и߲ʲô
ƣŪջʱŭеɱţҪ
˼ԨԣһɱţѵҾͲɱţɱ˺ɱ֮ϼһһж̰ɣҪѪծѪ
˵䣬˾ͳɱһƺ֪Ȥ˿˶Χܣ֡
ȴ˵У˼ԨһսκΣЩȴӲӦһһǵĹֶΣԽԽθߣսƽʼϷ硣
Ѿָǣ뵽ǰ֪Լնɱ˶˼ԨҲҪʦֵܣɵýüëȴ˻ڳ˴˻ᣬ˼Ԩ˺ü˺ۣԽԽѡ
˼Ԩĺ޲ѣͷٻʮķŭڴﵽ㣬һһʽһ̺˳ŭ𣬽ñͷܡ
ΣΪʦֵܵ˶Ϊ˼ԨеˣΪǶֻ֪ҪȹһΣնȴͷһᣬӴ˳һɳ졣
ʱһ˿޵ϢڳʦֵΪ˼ԨȫĶֻƺ˲ŸӦ


һһ ֮
ʦֵܽһ괫ѯƵʦ֣֪Ǻˣ
ԣ΢΢ҡͷϢأƮֻܲ˴ŷλȴ֪ǺˣΪʵΡ
Ե˵ͷʱһ󷨡ʦ֪Զ֪࣬Ϊƺ൱ֻȷʵϢƮȻΪġ
ƶСʦֶܵҲΪŷԥƬ̵ȻˣҲЩˣǲ֣ǵȶʦһپͻˮĸҪԲ֣ǼˣҲ֪ˮĸô򵥵ġ
˵ҲͷǣӦ̴֮ڳʦֵܣ˺㵱޴£һרģ˼ԨĶ
ȴ˵˼Ԩ涷һҹ賿ʱѾƾһ׽ͺħܣѹƵģ䲻˵նڽ£ҲѲˡ
о⽫֪һ˰գаǵѪܵһƣʱһΪΣ˼һٲϵȴһòѡǺ壬һﵽķٴںϡ
һһײһһһƤġŶ˼Ԩһˣ֮¡һһǼǿһ
˼Ԩ뵽һָаǵѪȻǿ󣬵ҲƣǾҹǿ˰֪ܵԷƴ
ȻУɱڶҸ߲㣬ףҲ˲ٶĿʼԲٲʹͳƴһЦƾ轣߳ԼƮ죬ʼ
Ȼ˼ԨǵΪ͸򻹲̫鲽һȴǡʩչǸ׷ۿ¹⼴չҹ磬ļ֮£ѡͻΧ
ѡķɵĴڡֻĴȻΪǺáطˮ֮£һӲаǶʱͱײ˻
ֹһʧ֣Χɣպð罵٣˲Ϣͽһʱ˼ԨĽҲɱ˹ǰǱ֮֡
ʱХڲ˶ˡݹͳΧȳֻƵʦֵ׼ͬʱֱֽݹһ
ÿ˴һҪ谭
á֣һ˵ͽʹͷԾͳȥ
СΪҲǺڣҲвǰոңΪ׾٣˭֪ʦֵȣ뵽ǿոͷڶ˼Ԩ¾ȳж£ʹ졣
ʦֵܾΨж˼ԨЩͷ鱦ɽʱ򶼳ΪǵսƷ˭֪һȺʦֵ˶ǺǵĻɫȻ־Ǻü鱦ɱһ⣬˶ˡ
ͿŶ˼Ԩ֣͵ʦֵﻹŹʹˮĻᣬ׷׳֡
һ֣һսǿ϶ԷˣֻԽãǽһЩ⣬ǾǶԷȻʹõɵֶΣһҶͬ
Ȼ˵ϸԷֶ̺֮һ˿аһӲӲͻŷǸоʮֲˬ
ʱһǵİƺ£һС˵Ƕ˼Ԩɱ֣նɱڽ¡
תͷȥֻ˼Ԩվɽۣ˫Ŀ΢գƺڳ˼ƺڸطʵΧƺҪͻƣʬϳڽűߡ
Ƶʦֵɫϲ֪˼ԨĽȴҪͻơǰ·ɱɫʮѿֻ©ţԽһҪݶݹȥ
ֻǸһƣ꣬Ƶ˾ȻԭܣԼսҲٲʱס
ˣˣѾɣЩΪλҵȥ·
⻰һЦøǲ֮ˣǹԹԶҲͰˣ񻹸ҲǾɲò׽ûȥһˡλʦܣְɣ
һἰ飬ֻһֱûлЩ˵ֶκ̸£ʱǵݣȻͨⷽʿ
ֻǴһͷУ˫ûһ£ЩҶԷȻԤıĲ飬˵󲻴˵ССȻҪһһ


һĶ ƻ
νͶ࣬׽ãȻܿǱƲ֮ˣڱտڵͿԿó˫һ׷һӶ˼ΣҲûģ˫ܵо
һƵ˷ſ֣ܿͽѹȥۼҪ׽һ˵ʱ˿һһڵϢڷųĺ𣬼Ҫһ㡣
˴磬Щ̫ɶ񣬴ҷſɱǰɣǵʬȥҲٹＸ֡
⻰ƺҲͨˣ׷״ͬһħȻΪû٣֮ǿ֮ǰһ籾ħǿһࡣ
ͫһһҲһ˵֮Уǿħžħֻħг˲ۺƺħ
λʦСģЩħħͷʵͬһ㡣ǰһ⣬ǲ׽ãҲҪնɱ⴫Ϣʦ
ԣڵӽ˼׷׿ڳơڽһڵһЩֶζʹ
һʱ֮䣬ɹ⣬ħ˼䣬ͼڣĴ֣ߣѹһƬƣγһƳħʿѹȥ
һȺʦֵɡħȫһ磬ħʿɫ΢䡣ֻǲܹսʤʵȫԼ׷׿ɱ˹
ܿ죬Ǿˡˣ졯ĵҲ˵һַͨרſħҲ˵Ϊ鱦˵ɣƶӣ̵ԪӤĵɴ󣬾һħͷûл֮
һÿ죬ȥÿ죬ʱ䣬˼ԨûдӸлָѾȫսһħ̫˶󷨰ղնɱ֮⣬ħͷ
֮սӡ˷ȶ˼Ԩָ˵һ֮б䣬ڲֻǼ򵥼һ¶ż֮˺󣬾ƿճȥ
һȥãӰڴ˼䡣ȥıӰһߣɢһɢȥ
ȴ˵һٴθ·صˮĸͽһһһһԴӻصˮĸһֱڱչأ֮ǰ˼ԨҪȥҲˣһ֪ħ֮磬Ȼ
ˮĸУһϣ࣬СףƷƣ̷ߣߴΪСȻ·
ħޱͷųʱʹܣ˭֪һһָ㶨סΣܶһжס
Щ֪ħ˻׽ãѵħѹһжɷɻңɰ󣬽ǹͻȥл·򡭡
ž
һ򡯻û˵һӱۣ˵ڵأһ仰Ҳ˵
˵һֻǵ֣һħ˵
֣ټǵڵϣûгͬţħͬ˹һ㣬ҪֻһһۣҲû˵ڡһ̣ۻ軨ƺ˯ȴһ㱬ƽϢ
Сħ򣬼ƶǰħŵӣ䣬һǰ籾ǡ
ʱ֮һһ⽫ǽħٴηӡ˿ˣɫȻϲŭͷȴСϾƻ籩¶ٻҪʮ꣬û뵽ͱ¶ֱħ֮ˡ
⻹ãϢ֮Уǲ֪һڴ˴֪ϢǴѹҵʱ²ֻǶɽٸ֣ɢɣɾҲ֡
Ȼһնɱ𣬵ʱ˺һˣܣһΣ˵ɣٵɢɣҲ
û뵽ɵԱߣȻҲôͱ֣ħҲֵһپ٣ȻûаģȻ𲻴٣ȻЩıˣȻ֮ѽ⣬˺ʲô鷳ĵӦöӦȥһδҲǹȥˮĸĹϵҲֻҪǼɣϵߡ
һˣһԺ뷨Ѿѿǵļıͣ뷨˵뵽ǹˮĸ߲㶼ʾͬȻû飬һ֮󣬱ٴٴαչأһαչִ֮ļƻ
ˣչصһȴһ·ˮĸ湬ߣڣǷͨĵطʱѾһϵԭأ˭ˡ


һ ƶ
ʱ֮ͨ£˫Ŀ΢գʩչʲôֶΣһ˿˿޵֮ɢע˷Ȼһҵıᾧ״
һֳϲ֮ɫϸϸֱ仯Ƭ̣;áֻǣһתۣЩþ;ȴ·ûгֹһ㡣
һҲֻ֪̾ԼиûдﵽһɵͲôԲˡ
Ȼ޷һҲʱ䣬ֻǼ˲ҲţֻԪҲΪ档
ԼĪ˻һֻһСӣһʱ䣬ôһ¾Ϳһۡ
һͬʱתԲɵȻһЦǰֵǣֻСһս֮ƣչ˰ʱȫָʣ°պֱ仯ˡ֮ȴСʧǰҪСһ㡣
⻰ƺԼöƷ鵤νֶ̣Ҫٺһ䣬ȴֻöһ˰˵
ףСһǰֻǺڣȻԲϢӯƺҪˣ⣬ѵնɱõĺôɣ
һȻûڸϢҲûйҫ˵ΪնɱͬʱǱõġֻõȴԶԶֹЩ
Ϊ֮⣬õһҪ֪ɵ֣Ȼȫȴʵʵɵڡ
Ҹȴħ᲻ͬһϵѪںһķ򣬲Գȡιޣ󷨣һɵֵѪεһζѵã˵һ߼ǿһƥĲƸ
ڶСõơѾСȥ̫ϵָֻںϣġߡ󱣻һʧ
ڵǾСһƵʱ򣬽Աڶɢɸֵĵغ֮нȡһ顣
һȻСȡҲǰӰ磬Ϊһ磬ĪĵغˣȴǱһúã䷢ӵÿ²һ켶֮¡
ôһеõʮʽ鱦ɽ鱦ʮ鱦Ȼûһȼﵽ޽ˮ׼Ҳ̺͵صĻֻۣҪȰһµʵ߽ɡ
ǲССҡС˲Ƶġͨʹһһ޶߼һ㣬߼ϿʼչѪʵ֮ǿԴﵽɽ֮޵С
֮ȣС黳šܱûкáѹε̳ͨԴǾֻáͨˡ
ȻЩһ˽ܵ顣˵ˣС׵Ҳ֪࣬ǣǾòûбҪˡ
һ˲Ժתһεõĺôֻһ㲻¶һǫѷЦݵǰ˵ǣһСҲãֻΪǰ۰ˡ
ƲƲ죬ΪԼ֪һĵϸѸٵĳɳͷҲеȣһҲѯʣֻǵĽʱ
СӵˣһĻϷΪ£㵲ڡϱǱһʱСӼȻ๤ǾҪһ๤ӡϷ£ľˡ飬˵ɣɶ԰쵽ĵ־Ϳ֪ߵԣˮĸ湬һ飬ֻʱˡҹţʱ䣬ǰǰʱ䣬ܳᡣʱϷܷͿԼΪ֮ˣ
ԭһ֮ǰǽˮĸ湬гֵĶγ׼Ķ죬첻ͬˮĸ湬ΪǿƶĶ죬ͬһƶʥأǿɵĺõطһǿ޵бݡ
ֶ˵ֶΣܹͨɣϹǾΪǿ˵ָ򼸺ﵽȻѾжε£ܹɡˣҲҪɡ
ֻһȱʱ䣬û޳ɶ죬޷ˮĸѰһ㣬ڣС⣬ӶˣҪ꣬Ҳҡҡͷ


һ ֮
˱ΪԼⷬṦΰ˵һ̾ѣû뵽ȻֻҡҡͷЩơ
Сӣ㵽ʲô˼ѵñɣ˵ñһֶθмһ˲ɣ
Щ߷ߣһҲ£ֻڨڨһЦҲҲǰᣬܹ˶֮ˣ³ǰҲڶѡֶθСĪ˿Сֻ粻ֹǰҲ֪Сߵļ꣬˲鷳ǡħ򣬺ǣѾǷֻ֣ǻ֪СӵĴڣһ֪¡
ʲôħ֪磡˱ͣһħ飬ʱЩȻ
˰ˣϷЩ鷳ûͻƾ磬˼ʮ꣬ܰ½ӹʱ䣬¾ҪҲֵʲô뷨˵Ϸһˡ
һͷϲȻ˿ڣҲ󵨽Լ뷨˵ǰˣֻǼȻǰϰæСȻмС뷨ʵҲ򵥣ֻ᲻ˮĸ湬˵ӣҪɶ졣һ˶ð£ЩǣңشԿߡ
⻰üͷ΢壬Ƭ̲ŵ˵ף̫ѣҲ֪ϷΪ˿й¶һɳɾǼɵˡܰ취ȫסһϢҲſԶ̲ʱ䣡
Ϣ
һüͷ΢壬תͷͨ˵һ֮ȥǰ㹰һݵ֣ͨһ
һڣֻͨһ⻪֣ܿϨһ״ظٹһݡʱͨƺűѣͨ⻪תַ׷֣һƬɵзɳһһģ
㣬ϢҺкôҼǵ㡣ϴһһУٻΪΣ
Ȼͨ飬ͬɾɵĴڣȻ̶һ仰˵Ȼ֪һĴڣԼ֮ǰ֡
һ´һԣû뵽Ȼ飬ͷϲͬʱ뷨һ飬ſڵһԣ֣˴ĳٻһָ̣Эһ
ԣŶһͷһ䣺˵ɣ
һ˵ͷ㽫æͷſΪɼ鱦ϢϢˮĸ湬Ͷ顣
⻰νĵ˵ͷ˵һ䡮ԡ˻ȥƬ֮һɰޱȣȵǿһݵϢͨϲȻһԽӰ磬ƺɳףн׷չĩڶﵽ
ͨϢͻƵĩڵʱһҪͨץеӡ
ʱһֱһԵæе˹ˣٶҪһͬɽȥˣ
ֻ˵Ļͨ˵ƺôϢɲһҲæߺ񣬻ͣ°ɣ㹻ˡ
ȻһһڣͨϵϢ˲ȶǴɽ罵޵Ľ֮ƺһͨȴû㹻ͨ׽ȥ
˺ٺһЦСӣû뵽㾹Ȼܹһɼ鱦Իһ˴ˣû뵽鱦ȻѰɫͼɼ鱦һֻһɼ鱦ƺʲôԾʶǿ󡣲ˣԺɽ磬ֻҪ͵иڣҲõɽ׷ˡ
һͨ˽ⲻ࣬˵Ҳͷ΢΢һϲָָ֪ɹǰӣ
ԹһЦ˵˴˻治٣ʱʱһܹͨҵϢܴɽȡأ
һһѵǱһ֮˵һȵһ鼫Ʒʯ̺֮⾳ܹԪǼΪѵõıѽ
˵˵ͷС֪Ĳ٣֮ȷʵǺöڷ䣬֮ܵĲáʹٲԪ㡣һ֮ȫ֣ܽʱһ룬ֻҪһɡ
һüͷһһ룡ʱ䵹ǲˣܸһЩͺã֪ǰʲôֶûУ
˿һЩ̰Ĳ˼ֻֻ̾һˣˣʲô׼ĶóɣֻҪãϷҲͲͱˣ


һ ɾͶ죬Ⱥɽ
˿ƣһҲΣ˼ӿȣȻ⿿Է׼һЩö
˵ͽԼ׼Ķ˳ʲôСɽСǿʯʲôɳղ˿Ƶɳһ׮׮һһȡЩЩ֮ǰѹηħеˮĸ˽أеľ̵ı
Щֻǵ˵ͷÿһ־һܼٶʱ䣬ӶֻЩС˼뷨ۡһͳһöƬʱʱס˵Ŀ⡣
⡭ǡѵǡغƬ
ǺǣǰԼǣǵغƬ
üһⶫ㶼ȡѵˣô
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һԣ˵ͷһǰ
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ֻĸı䣬ڽɹ֮УӰҲĵȥǵ㣬ƮҪһεڣҲǴ˵еɽ硣
ɽҲ򵥣ûųƺԶֻʷ֮ӰӣȥΣһ֪սɽټɹɢ֮Ҳͣתͳˮĸ湬ȥ


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ˮĸˮĸͨΪƶɵһݣʮǰħ֣ŴɰУʮʱŽָ
һŮõ֮ӴԴֶβָɹۣҸһ¥ݻˮĸ湬̬Ρ
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һǣңȻǶڣԽϣʵҲǶԼһ㽻
˶ϵĶҪ˶ϣýĶҪ
ˮĸ׼һԦݹͳ½ȥһգ½ڵڣϤƿξɽ֮⡣
Ϊ֮һ֮ҲûжҡλãȻ˵Ҳнɵģ¶ɢɸ̵ֵڣｮǵû֣ԭСӰ
ƺΪ˷˵ӽƽرյĶŶţڵٲȻһƽٷϴ˵ľ
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ڵҲ֪֮ǸѽĹϵһʱУ˸⶯еӸߺرնš
ֻһжһǷΧ֮ڣֻǵĿǶһۣһȻһǰԼ
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һתۿȥλϵǵƿض쿪յĳϡֻԷǿųϣԼѾһˣ˷ǵĸоˡ
ǰԼжһǸɱԪǰ֮ԼǸҳ֮Լ
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һɽûɱ⣬ȴһ۷֮˵Чһ˲䣬ڸ֮УһƬƬ˲ҽһȥ壬񼸺ûܵסģֻжɽٸ֣ԼܳĵӲӲס
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汾Ҳǳ۳µĸ֣˺һüɹɥôȴͬһ㱻ץνˮת
ǡ˼ۺ졯һһЦҪ߶ʮһɱ˵ڵĸôƤӵɱˣ׷׺ס
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ֽغͨһͬնɱǿȻ˲֪׳˶ܴ»Ѿ֤ʵжɽٺڵΪҲҺʣһ
һǳӲ㾴һҾһɵԸ񣬼Ƶ˺ͻҲͣɱ֣ҲſϣֱֻĿڵĶŷ


һİ ٽڣ
ȻˣԼɣ
һǵĽ˭ˡȻһսʱ򣬶ûйһԻһȴܸоĽ뵱ʵ
뵽꽣ϵָ֮һվǷɱ˵뷨һͬСһ׿תȻͷš
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һͬһʱӢڸֵſ˾ͽ˶˼һıӰпſȻһ䡮Ҳһȥ˾ͽ˼״ƺЩԥվǸȥ
ȴ˵һ֮УȥһжôϤİϤɽˮûб仯ɵģİһƬأһƬûԼĵط
Щ굹ûʦ𣬲֪ʦģʦΣЩʦֵܣ֪Щɰ˴١
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һɽţΪľȻͬۿȥԴ˸֮⣬һɽŵļֶ
ԭɽ壬ÿһȻǲԭˮĸĴڡǵսݣײһѹȥ¾ܻɵĵˡҸĻɽĺڡ
ԭԭ֪ŹɽǴ̫ɽǷǳɽ壬ÿһ̺ٶɽ鱦ϵıһǹע˱ʱ緢һеֿ˵Ч
˿ϿǶ˶ɽ鱦ʵֻһӣһɣֻҪǾ͵˴߶ɣ֮˵ңҲҪСĶԸſɡ
һͷĬĬĵ̣Լˮĸ㿪ٶ죬վọ̇̄ҪڣµԼɾˣپӪˡ
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һģһ뵱һ޶ȻƬ֮һڶ֮֡ǰͬڶһǳǰƺȴ롣
һ״֪ǽ϶ԼĳϣҲֱʲôͦص˽ȥһ̺ڶɢһ˲
Щ֮ǰһһڸ֡гƵ֮⣬һĿͰˣǾŹɽһˣר˾УǾʦһĴڣԼһսҲûгȴණڽһҲ
ʦܣ֪ǼףҵȸжƵ˿ʵ
˭֪һʣȵˣɫ˲ָָ죬ָָأҡҡͷң仯һ㲻Ҿôأʦص֮飬վǽãһҲһС
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Ƶ⻰ɫҲ˵磬ֻ̾ϢһָָǽڣʾվܾģһжƵȻ֮Ҳ˵ͷ档
ֻǾʱһߴǸøʲô͸ʲôȥû¸ɵľͻȥϷڲϲ̫룬ǻȥݹҷꡣ
˵Ĳǽ˭ˣԭһ֪ϵĴڣ֮󣬴Ҷ֪ĺ̨ľһɨߣһϣ˵λϣ˵Ƿ꣬ǧҲֻ˵һ˵ܰ쵽ġ
⻰˷׷״Żֵ̿ĿȥֻЩҲɫԾġһ³ϣһõĿһ۾ϳ˱ǵЩնɱĻƵǡ
һСһʮ֮ɱŵԼֻҪ̫࣬ʱǱչؾǲˣԾͷˡ
û뵽ȥ˵걻õʧ⣬޳ͷ֮գȻ޳ԪӤһ³ϡֻԼ֮һ˿Ϣ©Ȼ޳ԪӤ·вԾ


һľ ƣһʦ
ƵһĿŽڣ򣬵ȥҲòȥֻǻعͷԹ;ϲӵɫ
ǴӣǽϢϣһܹõνֻ˵þҪʹȥѰ硭ϵǿˣһ֣ͬ󣬾鱩¶Ҳ
ȻһЦƺ뵽ʲôͷݺݵĿ˽ڣһۣһתͳ̫ɽȥû䵽Լڣֱ̫ɽ߲㣬ݼפڡ
ݼұһ֮ڶ˲õĴ塣һ¼֮ݼҵĵλ½˵̫ɽһòôȡ
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Դʱݼ¶һֽ״̬Ƶ³ǰ쳣ס·ݼصأ˵Ȳ׼ڣҪҵȿɴΪ
ƵԣȻһЦӻͳһö˹ȥ촽һλ棬˵а취ݼң
⻰·ɫ΢䣬ȴ޷ֻæݼȥƵǵ棬һʱ̣˸˳ǵԽ
ֻûеݣһѹĿ㲣ɨ˻Ƶһۣһһ䡮㳯ȥ
һǰһһ·˼ռϣһľڣ֮ˣΪױϣ˵ľˣ໹֣ԪӤֶʮˡ
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浱˵ĻͷһϲϣңһΪгɣͳˮĸν󣬶ɽλ֮ܽϣݼҳҴǧļ¾Ҫٲ֮ءˣΪǿݼΪĹѾ٣һشҲ˲֪ӵܡм޼νҲ޿϶Ȼ˶ǵ˼ʱ̰ʲôѵλϵɣ
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һ⻹ǵһڽڣطϵֻҲù죬˫һһСһϣǰΪлϵָ¡
һڵͬһʾԽϵĸлͲ飬һϵȴϻػʱ򣬺һ˿ޱȵĽǰ
ֻһһ㲻ֻۿŹ⽣Ȼڴ̵һ˲ɢ
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ŶɱߣϷɱѾضɱ
Ϊɱңɱˣؽղ֣
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һüͷһ̧ͷ뽣϶ӣĿ⽻ڿУƺƴҪ
Ƭ̣һڻ˻֣ʾӺȻˣ뽣ϳɣ


һ Ҫծ
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һһһʱ׽ϵ˼ջһҲ޽һͬڰ׶ɫֵɽ⻯ƣջΪɫһͬǡǬһ
Ǭһǵ꽣ϽһĸԴڣһУһǡ
ڣ֮еǲнʱ֪ĲнһóΪԽĿˡ
ͬʱϻһ죬һȻƳϣ·ǧ֮ѹһͬһһһֱɱȻ֮С
һʱ䣬һĽһĽײһ챬ֲнӰͬʱһƬֺ·ġħƪ£һԾΪÿһ̺ʫ黭⣬ɱϣ־ľֽҲײһ
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֮ȡᡢšɲҲɾȫߣԵбȫߣ޻
Ȼһ̣һȻΪֻûоȫڽ֮ȴǺޱչʾ໥ģ໥Ƚϣ˵ε˸첻˱һʼƺֹ
һ㡭һʱһաչȥ˵ıѾȻĳ̶ȣһһʽԼǶԷֶζˣûܿԡͬǬһϵϢҲԽԽŨңԽԽȣ·ʱԳɬﵽһ硣
ʱһһ׵Ĵڣ֮Уһ鶯·̺һİ׵ڶ˽롣
һͽϲԼͬͣ½ͬһö׵㣬ֽ𣬶Ҳһ˿޵ڶͷ
ԭˣСӣû뵽Ϸһ龹Ȼн⿪ãܺãʦˣߵľ߰ɣ
Ϊѣ׼Щõ֮ϲ㾡Ժ󣬶һ䡮ʦˡҪȥһסҲ֪
Ҳǿ֮ˣһֻ˶ϣϲԼҲ࣬㲻پһҪȥ

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һӹ򣬱ƴǣǡǬĸԴڣʱƴǲã˵ͷȻˣСӱӦˣֻǲ֪кҪֻҪΥģСӾ㣿
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ؼʱ̣άڣһ˼һ£˵ͷھǧ˿ƹϵȻ˵ֻҪڲңұԼ
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ɨüͷһԴһ𣬳֮Ĺ۲١ýϽһչ˭ֻ֪ôһԼΪȴÿڣֻܵͷһá
ϼ״һֻһ䡮Ϊ֮㻯»صڣȥˡֳֻʣһɨ߶ˡ
һɨȻй֮Եһûн飬ûн񣬵Ȼ֪ԷҪɱԵɡԼȥֻǹ˹־Ҫȥ
ɨ߼״վϷᣬ˼һæסСѣ֪ȥкҪ£
һԣȻһЦ˵ʮĻ飬ҪծҪծ


һһ ף
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һһЦݼͥնţɱĸѪĳ֮ͷʮ꣬мΪΪ˱ѩޣѵʲôµô뽣ŵԣߺߣݼ֮˲ϳͺ󱲣ٰѣɱңŹأͬꡣȻȲҲ֮ˣɱ˶ڻкôȻŵ޹ء
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ǿɨΪһǶ֣һнһϵһһֱһɲĸоΨԷһһͽ뷨
һʱ֮䣬֮õ棬Ҳһ֮ءɨվϺ꣬ۿһҪȥ˲Ȩףóһ뷨
СѣҲ˵뱾ǧ˿ƵϵʦԼȣΪƻϵԼΪϧϷһѡʵڲʣǾ͸ΪξΡ㿴
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һ̸ĵһĿľҪԸִۺһطڣһ۴Ӧʲôֱӽø޶ȵΪڻ档
ֻһһ˼䣬ϳԻͷݣ֪Լ¶ΣգȻܴӦаһһܾ
ڴ£˫֣̽òɨڵ壬һ֮Ϊ̫ɽݼҽдϴҪԸһһµԱ׽ù鰸ݺͬΪ𣬰Źӱá
Ҫ֪СԶŵĴɣħ˶ҹĶԸͬţʲô鶼ҪҸͷҸڣɵ֮иֻҪһ֣Ƿŵȵȡ
һɨĽݼ³ССϺֻҪΪԪӤϵģֻҪ֪鲻ˣҪԡСͷǲ۴ΪʵǿָߵͣᱻϳΪ䷲䡣
һȻһԭ˼ĽݼЩƫƣһۣݼ¾ųɾϵɥʧʢݼҿ˾Ҫҵ䣬պһСľͼҲʲôܵˡ
Զ˴Э飬һʽĳŽͽ䣬һ˱άڵ棬˫ϵҲһպǺǱ鶼᷽ܶ࣬ν顣
ڸǾڽһԼĻ֮ϣԼˮĸڵ˹ϵϵҪǼٵһ档һǹԼǸʱӦ㹻ʵֿħͷţڴӦ
ɨ߶һ⣬һЦãȻˣСȥɣǱ߽Ϸִ̾Źɣһȥ
һԣ˹ֵȻˣǾǰˣĳиǣ
˵꣬һ彣ڣ̳˹֣Լƿռȥһƿռ뿪ڣҲǱ־ء
Զɽ壬һѾһûмʦʦˣ֪ΣϧѲڵӣ֪ǷǼ鷳ˣôȥһɣǵʦͣҲûнյҡ
һѾǵ׿ϣҲԼݹ⣬ŵ䣬һ̾ͷ׷塣Ƭ̣׷ͳǰԶԶȥ׷һ׵ϣ˿˿ڲϧ
Фһǰݼʦͼһ档
һһȻӺܶѧʦȴֻкһ꺫϶˽ʦͽ꣬ѳڣҲϺΪʦ
ڶԺϵأûзųʶɨ׵ֵǣûӦ𣬶ʱЩ֣Էųʶһ̽ʱɫ䣬һͽ׵֮С


һ ɱݼ
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⡭ѵ˵һзڲ֮ǰͻϮ׵ʦʦֶʲô鲻ɣ
뵽˴һδŭŭڣһҪǰɽɨߡճţ⳯ɹ
ףǣ
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һԼʦ֣͢ɫ΢䣬ʼϺʱɫһ䣬ʦܣô£ѵϺ׵ôǰ˵̫ɽݼǱƣȭ֪׷ʲô飿
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ΪλԭΪһšһ̣̫ɽһȻֶξ̫ɽͬͰһ㡣
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ҿ
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߲֮ʵľ޴ӡһӣ̫ɽĽͬʱ֡ǡһըƺģ۷׷ը飬һ£ͽ̫ɽöֶδƣһɽĳһǰ
ֵֻǣһνԿȫˣ򿪷֮ȻûһһһȥȺϺҲֵһ¡
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һʱ֮䣬ڲڽеݼӵܾ룬һͲҽдֻܹҽг˵мʵסûгĵطѾһˡ
һеһ˿ûɱ˵ԾԴһЦ̤飬̳ͨͳݼλȥ
Ƭ̣ͿݼĵĵãѾݼиڵȴվ룬ˣԽȺ࣬ĶԪӤ֣ɼݼҾһ˴ɵˮ׼ֻˮ׼ʵһֵһᡣ
˷ųҿԸһȫʬ
һһھ⺷ݼ˶УҪѪǶ֪һʵҲܹôš
һɱݼѵھô˻ǵΪ̫ɽһݣھͺʵ
ѣߣݣ˵ݼҵݣҹ㻹񣡡һ˽ƫ˿ûо⣬ڶĺ㲻ٹˣǺ϶˻Уͳְһˡ


һ ȳ
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һһһͿȻѾݼң֮ǰɨߵ飬Ҳ˵һЦϣǽǲѾôѵʲôֶΣУͶʹɣҿݼôҧ˵ġ
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ԼͲ԰׵ɫ˲ڣѽѽһҽץҵҪǷܲݼնɱ
һӦŵ߳һ죬˱Ѻ˳ǺϺ˭ˡ

һüͷһ壬óûʲô˺ǧƣݵļһҪ˶ɢѾȡ
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һ߿ؾͶ֣󶯷ʼ죬Ҫɱһ˲ͻأʧ֮ҽдУֻϺѾʧʣֱֻ۶ϵݼҿˡ
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һǵݼһżе󷨸һ£κ˲ûҪܲɫĹȥ
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ΪԼһֶΣһе̼ʱͬҫһ㽫ס
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ϼһݼԣɵõĵͽͽݼƴ󣬼ƹ̫ɽһ֦㶯ǣ²ճ
⻰һûд𻰣ȴһȰʦݼ꣬ѹ׷壬ǽʦͽͬһ׽ҪЮʦܣﻹʲô֮ͬ꣬Ȼʦгɣ͸úúýѵѵǣΪʦǡ
ԣæȵͽҿڳԣСĻӿڳ
ºϣΪһţʦܻԽһЩ걻ѹĶһȣʱɥǲܴСһԹԵĳǶһߡ
һ΢΢һЦʦ𲻱صģͽʡģݼҽΪѾ˱֮Ҳᱣǵģʦľˣ
һ㶣޽֮ˣܸӦɱ֪ԼͽȻɫºͣÿһֶðͨɱܹҡġ
ȻˣһаɣϾȻͬŹҲܲ㣬ֻҪΪԼǳǣ
ʦּʦʦֻһϢƬ̣ͽʦʦִϥ̸


һ ĪҪ
һȡöƷ鵤ֱϺ£᲻úõҩƷ鵤ѾǶܹﵽˮ׼ʱûʱǲ֮Ʒϵ鵤ֲһ󷨣ھ롣
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һɭȻһͷһǼֵڶǸһĹʮ˸Ӱһͷײǻ̹⻪֮УȻվ
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ΪԼԹܹƹ֣֪ЩѰ֣ϹžħͶӰȻʷûжϹħжټأȴϹҲǿޱȵģǵпԿơ
ѽһҲݹɱˣݼƲʦܣ̺壡
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һԷûпھͽдȻ֪ǹ˼ɵʲôҲһӣмĿݼһ۵λҲ֪ҵĳԹ±Ѿ˽⣬˭֪ǾȻʦʦҪЮңǿ벻̣Ҿݼţ˶Ϊһƿۣ
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һȻٳվ˵ͨһȻ˵ҪŵĻȻģʱ֮жķӦԽԽã˵Ҫһ˵
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СѣΪѵ֮ǰԼѵͲôɨ߻ڣһƮ죬ֻǵ⻰һŸоԷڶɱ
ֻһλẦ£һЦһͬϢɢָָݼҵڶλļ֮£ĪҪ˵㲻֪񻹸˵⻰ѵһ۸ɣ


һ ׶
һǵһζɨǿӲˣһ˲䣬һѷ֣͸޽·дأػ֮˵Ǿ޽
ɨ߻ǵһθо޽Ĵڣǰһ̣һһɳѸ٣ҪԼСһ̣СѾɳԼȼĵز
ʵĸıӰ̬ĸı䣬ɨ߾һɱôݼѾǳܹ˻ѹŹݼңҲᱣһʵ֪ԼҪǿݼңʧȥĻࡣ
ʱǡ÷֮ĺϺת˵ǰǲʶɨߣҲʶƵ˵ȶɽٸ֣ȴʶЩڳķ֣ƽ߸ϵһСվں棬ʱоݰˡ
ʱҲ֪ʲôûãϹĳһ񣬶ŵλ棬ĳӱڵȴݼ޹°٣ȴΪҪЮͽһͽһǰԮȻЩλԭ¡
汾ΪԼƵóѣ˭֪Ͽڣ»˼ƲߣʱһҪһƾҪѹ庫ϡһûӲһõ֮ϣʱһɷ֮𣬽ӡ򱬣һɾɣ
뵽ԼŭһƾȻ󷨵ŭգҪٴγֻ֡һλûãȴжסȻһɨ㡣
ǡ
պڣ֮˾졣ԭ˲ˣɨߡ
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ߣݼңǵ죬нͬŵ鶼ó˭Ȩ
ɨһʣɢдɵϢƽζ˵ֻܡҡͣ
һ£׼ݼһĹµĻᣬû뵽ǲ˼ڸģŽͬţȻڤ粻飬䱾첻ǳͷţƽߡ
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ʲô˼ߣܼ򵥣ݼЩΪݺͬţк˼ˣŹΪнͬŵӣһһﲢҿǶǹعȴԱŷŵ̫ɣȻԱȶʧǲˣǿҲվ࣬һΣݼҾǱŵİһϳͲ
ϳͲĸֳڣɨϴһȻƣ̫ɽɽŹɽǬɽϵһ˲ɽƼһ
һУ̴ѳɨУһ׽һ̫ɽһĶɽٸ֣תͷһ
СѣɱҲɱˣ˵һϼӳͽ䡣֪㻹ʲô뷨߲ô
һԣ֪ɨдǰĳŵֻɨ߷ŵϲͷһɶû¶һ˿Ц
ӷɷ׶
򵥵˸ִһ˵ͱ˼ɨüͷ΢壬ݼˣϣˣԽɫڣȴɨ߿ڡ
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ͬĸ֣ɨ߿˵Чһֱͬжϵ˵̡ĸ֣ڳǹ̷֣׼ݼӵܵλɽҪȥץϡ
ʱҵͬʱһЦ׶ø׶ݼΪھľһ꣬Ȼڣڣ
ڸֶЩÿڣһȴЦһʲôľˣб˽ǣΪһ֮˽ϲӺͬţС˻ԳֱǶֵ档
ԼġߡϣϺݺݵĿһ㣬㣬ĶһĴڣ֪͸ýɱûô¶ˡҲãβ㣬ס㣬һ㻹ǵô
滳һԣһƬڵ·ϣһɹɭȻħȻ·Ҫʲôħһ㡣
һ·һһ㶣ɫһǾȻͶħ򣡡


һ ħ
˻һڳڸ߲㶼һ㶣Щ֮͸ҲоһֻǸû뵽ħҲˣұ֮оȻͶħ
ϣ˵ʲô˼
áħ֣ɨ߶סˣĿһָۣħŭȵ
ŵĿЦ氡棬㻹֪ʲôͶħƾ֤
õȷϣɨɫŭȵʲô㾹Ͷħ򣡡
ƽղ˵һҲа棬㲻Ҫˣ㶼ݼСѵݼҾҪ׸ɣ
ɨһ㶣Źͽ䣬뱣ݼһû뵽Ȼݼ⣬˷ǣ㲻ãСѣŻ
һɨѯʣȻҪгˣǵ˵ͷȻŹޣԱǡ
ɨߵ˵ͷҲֽɨһɨƾվһ׹⣬˺ѿռͳݼҽɱȥ
һпƼ򵥣̺ɢ⾳ɽ֮¸ֵסۼԼһ˲飬ɫ䣬ҪĴеǰ
ɣȫûһڵħ߹ɨ߸ǱŭҪټһǸ˭֪ʱһڹħ֮

һ촫ǺڹȻסɨߵֶΣһը죬һ̳ƺʲôûз
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һЦƾһռѷ֣һӰ߳Щÿһ϶ħ·ħһ㡣
Щֻ࣬ʮˣÿһ϶аϢĶǶɽڣǿ˲ɨֺ߲һ˿ħɵζȻɢɸ֡
һˣɨɫ䣬ȷľͺһڵݼұѣħ٣ٿ뱾һͬħ
˻һ߲׷׶Ҫɢɽ忪󡣵ǸҪһЦһҽУһϸħͷץһֵʬ壬ϸͷ²ϵδѪҺ
ɢɣ
ɨһ۱㿴ݣȻһɢɣȻΪԲҲĽˮ׼ʵ֮ǿڸֵܹһʱ֮䣬ЩĿơ
ʱһ֪ԷԼʵ൱ֲֻܽǰΣ㿪ڵСѣ뿴ʦܵһ֮
һħ򱾾нⲻ⣬ûɨ߽Ҳ֣ʱܽڵԵУȻҲҲӦѾ
һѾжϳǽضϺ·ĶɽٸǹؼֻҪԷסڸָλʱʩչħͷֻˡȾͳĽɢħɱ˹ȥ
Ľɢħ֪һݣõϢʮǰһ벻ڶ̶̰겻ʱ١˹ҲΪ⣬һЦͻӶһħҪһһΪ

һ촫ɢħԾĿ֮УħлûһͱһһΪǽƲľͳɱ˹
ôܣ
ɢħԺӿͷҲĽɢħħͷһ˲ͻָŭһ˫ָһץѪ֣һⱻɢǽһȦиֶΧ룬Ȼһá
һ׶Էħ֡ǵ¶Ϸ֮⣬ƾһץ޽ԾǵȦ֮УȻˣ͸ɢħս
սʮգһСľҪ𣬽ڱƴԪ񡣶ħͷڼħ䣬ֶθܼ߳ȻڶԸһ֮⣬ҪԸˡ
һһ֣͸оԼ·ڸһͷƽ԰˿ûռݱˣһ
Ҫ֪ɢɢħ֮඼ǶɽٲɣɢԪ౦﷨۵ȻɽԽ࣬ȶɽٸ־ԽǿҲǿվȲԭǿǿӣҪȴû·ֻܵȶȹؽڣص
Ȼħֱޣ޵ȸǿ󣬵ΨһǾɢɢħ֮еַĴڡ
һͬһ֮壬־׽ٶǿȺͱȵһּң޸һʹýսϬ̶Ȳ˵ǿޡ
һ֮£һʵĽɢħƾ轣ȻԷ⽣Ӱ֮䣬һ磬ɢħޱȣɫǵͨ졣


һ ϡ
һһ־ѹɢħȻ֮˶Էɢħȴ֪һĻνԾѡ˵˿ֱɢħͷѣȣƺΪʲô漴ʹݼҲҪһˡ
ʱԭռϷһͦǰһоʩչȻһнơ
ĽɢħһžԽԽľٿһҽУͺһ˫һҪƿռ䣬ռֵ֮
˭֪һ״ϲȻһЦһ䣬˽֣նɢħѷΪһռѷɢȥȻ֯һɢħ롣
ɢħϵɱڵһȻУ񣬱һȵʱߣʱ
⻰Щڸﻹ֪׷תֶΣűͲȶĿռƿնȥһ˲˸տյһתۣŸӦǴѾ̫ɽȥ
һһɢħβ֪Լ˼ƲߣȻͷŭҲ֪Լֶһãֻܴƿռһһɢħغϡ
ô죡
׷ɱƬײ
ɢħ˲ͽִжԲߣһ̾Ҫȥǣ籩Χ룬籩ɢȥһɨһǰһסǡ
ңɢħ֮ʱ磬ȴû뵽һ˶û׽õ˴ˣʱɫʮѿ
㣬ߣһҪɱ㣡ǰ֪ܷ񽫽ϻһͬնɱЩħͷһݺһЦתͷɨ˵
ʦڲ򽣵ߵĶҲоˡСƬ̣Ҳһʱ͵ˡοʦܲŵӿƣҲܽһȺħͷһ򾡡ɨ߼һֶΣͷʮ㣬ҪһȺħͷ
һħӺɨߵ޲Ӧŵܿ˴Ϳʼ˫ԸЩħͷ
һȺħͷ˵ҪζԸǣͷŭԱɢħŭһɱǡһȺħͷͬȺ
úã
ʱһɨ߸պ棬һԷɱһɱȥټ죬ּ汸̫鲽У˿ξʹڶħޣĿǶħݼˡ
ݼϼһֶΣɢħЩӣæеǰϣݼҴ˿ռŻһǴӦҪסݼңʳѽ
ɢħԣмĿһۣһǼɵ֮⡣ɢħĽɢħʹһɫȻǰȥֵ
ĽɢħͱһñҪﲻӦһоͳȥֻһһٲǰһӲƴһת˸ȥ
ߣɢħΪһҪӣæ׷ȥ
ߣб¾׷ɣһһЦһ̾Ѿɢħݼֻаɲ
ڱǰɱˣ㻹˵㣬ȥɣ
ɢħһԼΪߣǵֶͳ֡ݼһɱ˹ټһһʿܱȵԼɢħٲ룬һƬɱǹͳһ
̫ܣ̤ޣ
һ̫鲽ҪһƬǹ⣬һͷײȥʱ䣬ǹƬ̣һٲһӰ
ѵô򵥾ͱɱˣ

ɢħԥʱһҽתһ˲Ǵ˷ĲҽкƺߣתͷȥſԭػݼѾһˣһΪУʤϺݼҺֶֶԸһ
ϣ·ˣ
һһͽݼҺһµ˵Ӿ𣬶һҪݼҵλ棬׶ݼҵʹС
ɢħѾ˳ȥҪԮѾݼϣԽ˵ֻһӭֵضûСһڶԵһԸеڡ
ΪʲôͥǷҪɷѽΪʲôҪݼҾУҲİ
ң֪ԼҪĿ꣬Ӳ˿ݼľӢλľ
ģҪɱǣҲɣ
ϸһʱһһɲͬԵԪ˲һһ̣һɰıը֮Ȼ𣬻ͳһ˹
һһͻȻ֣û׼÷ֹԱֶΡϵԱ˵ѾûʲôвˣΨһźֻǲܳײݼʣµˡ


һ ݼҾ
Ͻ豬ը֮һסƬ̣һ̣ɢħѾصݼǰ棬һǰһĿ
ûɢħձ֮УһдȻԽһ㵣һ㵸״
ɢħһ˿ӣͷͲ죬һұ죬˵һ֣
ƽԽ⻰´ҲҳһΣƺݼ֧ϾǰΪͷľ֣ңѾǳˢɾ
һ˫۾ֱ㶵ĿɢħָݼðսǷŽҪһȫأ˵ĺúõģһܹڣģʲôûסЩħͷã
Խɶ꣬ûмʺȴԽԽԽԽ죬ȫȻɢħɫжôѿҲݼ˵ֹ
ڣɢħҲ̲סŭһļһΪɱ㲻ɣ
˵䣬ɢħħצ𣬵ͷͳԽȥħצͷһ˲Խķͣлָƺʲô֪һħצɫĪ֮͸ž֣һȶûкѾѹ⣬ˡ
һ̣һħצз𣬾Ҫһڷɶȥɢħɫһ䣬ȴץһֻɫѿ

һһƺջأһЦǴɢħ֣Ȼϵá
ɢħõһȷϣɫǵͨ졣ԭףԽ֮ʧԼԭǴԽʧȥǣһԽŭɱ֮
뵽ԼΪûжϺöԷֶΣɱԼӦñˣħŴŵҲ÷߷߲ѣǿݼʣµ˿Լǲκһ˿Թ֪ǲ˽ᣬպû˸Ͷħš
ڽħŵǻۣϾѡһݣɴཫݼ˾ɱˣû֪
ݼʣµ˻˻ֵѾ˷ħɱӰƣǼ뷨֮б֣Ҳȫ֡
⻰˵¶֮ɫǶɵӣȻ֪ԽһֶΣűɢħɱˡһɱԼһ˵ˣҪҲǺˡ
ݼ鲻ǰɢħһѵҲ˷ħǲҪָһѽ
˻һһ΢ȴɱɢħ͸ݼʣ¼ɫ䣬һ£ΪǱɣɢħĻҲһ·ŹԹԵĳɢħȥ
ɢħ״ĵ˵ͷһУһѪɫĺ«ȡ˳һģһ˳
һ֮ɷ֮ԩҽ֮һͲʲôûɫݼҸﻹ֪Լʲô׷׾żҪܡ
ֻˣɢħο뿪¸һЦǶȥɣֻ˲ȫ̧һĺ«ǹͽݼʣµļһԶС
ݼ֮ɢħһӡĺ«ҡһ£һˮ죬ԼҽкŭƬ֮Ͱ
ݼ˴󲿷ֱһնɱϻԼΪ屣֣˭֪ʣΪļҲħСݼһǶ˸˴Ҳ֪Ȫ֪֪Ȼ飬Ҳ֪ǻϲͶħ򣬻νĻᡯ
ȻԼ֣վǱ˼ҳһͷһ˿ͷһþûд򿪵Ľڽ⿪·Ҫľ硣
ʱһЦڼɣû뵽Ķǵȵزħ֣ؽΪħĸӹ
˵ɢħ׼¶ԸһȥԸɨߣ˭֪һԶԸնɱݼ֮ҲѵħŵĹ֮
ֻһǺε˼Բ񣬼ӲʯΪ˹óһöħžħţȻǺҽһӰͶ򣬿вҪһɣ
˵䣬һһ㣬һ⾰仯ǷɢħɱԽƭݼ˵ĳһӰ¼ԼҽУ侳֮С
ɢħǵûһǣԼܻһҪӰ񴫳ȥҪмＸˣ
һֻûڣɢħȻ֡һһҪɱһ־ֶΡһֺһֶףȻƿˮ˫
ͽʿˮͬɢħһֶѾԪƿص˺۵زһԪȵѰһֻ˫͵ذһ𣬻һƬɫĹ⻪̺С


һ ħŴ
оһһףھʵӲӣûɢħͽ̫鲽ʩչͬһ߿ȥȴ޴Ӱա
ɢħΪԼܹ׽ֻҪԼһβ׽סǾ١֪˼û׽һ̫鲽ʵٴһɢħܹա
һʱ䣬ɢħֶʩչһԴԳӳ֡ȻһڰĴ̬ơ
һ޽ڶȹǰһν֮󣬲Ϭһ׽ٵζɢɢħ֮пáо׽ٵζɢħҴ⣬òֶɢȫԸһϮɱ
ħͷɢħ̷ڵ֮£һԹǿĵ֣̫鲽޽ϽҪԷ¶Ƕ̶ʱܹµġս߾Ѿ뽩֡
һ棬ɨΪһ֮ԸһĽɢħһȺɽħͷЩΪѡɨ߲棬һǿޱȣһһʽ·ж֮ƣסħͷռϷ硣
һɢħһͷԳԾѣɵðԼֹɨߡֻ֪ɨ߼ָǳԾͷΪ֮ǰݼң£еҡ
һǼȥдƶ¾ҪԽħͷԴϲաһȺħͷԼû취ڵʱһһɨĵڳ֡
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ħɢħдʵ˵ʲôһ̣ſһ£һǻŨԪ絽ħϣһ̣շ·˺һ㣬һռѷͬ֩һܲ
ͬʱһ󼱴ڵ鱦ӹġƽ첻ټˣ㼱ٵǾ鱦ӦΣյʱˡ
һ̣һƬƬѹѹӰѷг֣˵Щ˶ħˡȻЩ˲ɢħɽٸ֮ħ֮ϵħΪǿһЩĲħڣħĵȸ֣ħֶ٣ٲȻһħŴ
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Щ⻪һɣһƬƳ֣֮һɾ޴֡һͨ¥Ϊƣ۵ͨ¥򱶲ֹ
ֻԭӦñ紵ĳһȻƷƣһ˲е紵ħ֮УǸոҪħӸɢ
ڣһ̣ڵĻɽԭü޵Σ֮ڳһ˿ת
ʱԭɢħħŸѾ˻ħ֮УһҲɨ˴֮С
Ŵ֮Ѹټħһüͷ΢塣ɨ߿οСѲصģŴʦãɵ֣ܹƣֻҪϵţֿУһһȺħͷȥá
һԣɫûкת룬ŵħ˵ҲˣǴ˴Ŀ磬ǿ¶ԷӾͲˣο
ɨȻ֪һħ飬ûȥԲʮһ⻰ʱȥ򣬱æѯ
һ֪ЩҲ㲻ܣһһʮ˵һɽһһħϸ˵֮ɨڵıҲɵñһ䡣
ʲôħȻǿʮǰһȺħɸɶô
һ˼һת뵽ȥˣ뵽ǽܹ֮ȫ²ǿԭ
ȻѾʮϾҲὫԼ²ĿܶҡĵĻ˵ֻǵ˵ͷˡ
ɨһȻһŻ˿뻤ɽħӣܿͻָɱϵģһڵСѣҿƬ̣ȥʦһ¡
һԣ֪һѵʱ̣Ҳ˵ͷʾͬ⡣ʱһӺ洫ˣˣ
лǽɣ뵱ͬͬʱȴʡ


һ һͬɱ
ʦ㡭
ϲϣ̤һ
ɨ߻ԣһȴѾʼأԭѾһ̤֮˽ĩʽ̤˼佣ĵزͨģͨͨ󽣾֮е֮ͨӴˣɳΪɵĴڡ
ԣȻɵͬҲ͸һ˿ϲɫһ˵ͷһεҪлСӣû뵽һʱ𣬴㽣֮û뵽ҵȴǧٱҲ治֪ǷҵģǷġ
һ΢΢һЦ֪ϸ߰ǷԼ˼һתһ뷨ֻǴʱʱδÿڣֻЦһԡ
ɨһʲôԼȻʦܣһ˿ϲһ˿įͷħ֣ھʲôƵġ
û뵽ʦ̤һȹѾˣպȹ˽٣ȨλþͽʦˣΪҲúһˡ
ƺ֪ɨҪ˵⻰֮꣬ԱǵλӿɲãҲξΣҳҪΪŶȹһǴ˴βܶȹһᣬﻹʲôȨ֮λ
ɨһ㶣һֱΪϸΪȨλãһžõһʶʦͷһڲƽ֮ʱչָֻһģ
ȻˣΪ־һʽʦҲܿһħ֣ʵȻǿħŴƺ޾ڻɽҲһɨǿȵĹʮգ»ɽҲôٴ䣬ҷԮħԮǰ±ھΣˡ֮һȺħͷɱҪ֮¾ǽϢҶħŽ̬ơ
ʦкλ˵˵޷ǱͷȫϱǣҲ֪ǳɾ֮ͨԸҲб仯ΣԴΪأȻĮȴ˵˲١
ɨԵ˵ͷָָ̧ȺħڣŻɽҿֵû⣬ʦܣþܹħ죬ңһܽȼüֻ֮ħͷʮΣգʦҲðǰȥɱ
ѾЩ͵Ļ˻֣ɨ߼˵תͷһԸһս
̶֣һоһս⣬֣ԼԼħľһͬش֣ԸҴǣ
ԹһЦһ䣬¾Žεڳ֣һƬ֡һҲ˽һ޽ͬʱ޽޾ĽҲעڣһ˲䣬ȵսʱǿ˼֣Ȼ뽣Ϻɨ߷ͥ
ǽϺɨ߶һϸߺһáҲ˵Ľߣһ˲Ѿɽ֮⣬ħŴɱ˹ȥһ״Ҳͣһ𳤽Ҳһȥ
ħĥɽܡæлӭ
⻤ӵĴͷҲǶɽٸֻ֣һڽϺһ߹ҲｻһͽһӹϷˣһɽٸ֣ɽڣɽٳڣͱƽߡ
һ̫鲽һڲ֮أּӳ޽֮֮Ϭ֮ǿ󣬲٣ɢɢħ֮¡
һ
һԴӽǬ͡޽Ϊ֮ѾУÿһ׽۾ǿ󣬶ȡ侫ȥɣڻһ⡮һǡ⽣롮Ǭı仯
̫鲽ļӳ֮£ⱾͽġһѾﵽ۷塣һ磬ȥֻһһѾǰ
˽һɽٳħͷͿһɢħΪԷֻٶȣٵǰŸоٶ֮е޿ֲ
Žƿһзæ֮зųķ鱦һʹ⻪ץߣһ̣ԼѾĳڽǰ
ꡭ
޽룬һ˿˺ѷεʹӿͷһоԼûǰѾһڣͬʱһɹޱȵ˿Ǳһ׽ý޽ȥˡ
һս֮һԽԼ²һδûᣬοϷŹֻʱڽϺɨǰֻȼװɱֱ֣ӽʬ塯߰ˡ
һ°ֶһѾᳵ·һһɽٳڸҲ׽ãֻʣһɽڸּɵĿֻǴʱĿѾһȥˡ


һһ 
һߣǽ϶ɽħͷһߡһ̫鲽޽ɲֻͬһ־һȴҲڲ֮ء
Žݺύһζ˺ƺƵĽ⣬·߽졣ɽٸֻм֮ûл֮
һСģһɽٸֽоͷ·𴥵һѡȻŹᣬһһöɽٸ־ڽ¡
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նɱɽ٣ʮд⣬սһֱۡԼҲ첻֪ǽϴﵽ֮ͨЧ
νһͨģĳɽ߾磬򽣹ģĲ޲ơҲ˵޵֮ģ֮ϱȻ޵УԳ֮ɡ
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һħʮɽħͷɣɢħ֮ԻС硣һҲϤ֮ٴν޽򡯵£ӽ֮䣬޽зֳһͳ˳
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ʱԽãǾԽеԡһɽħͷ׼֮ùһһʱͻأķ󷨷ǵûиơ
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ħͷϧķԪ׷󷨣һǹһ˿Цһ޽򡯸һ壬˳֧Ԫ֮ԪһãǾͬ
޽ƽʵӹ죬ԽֶΡͬɣһ֮Ϊ֮ճɾʹ𡣶޽򲻹һǵݣԴﵽ̶ͬȡţСȷʵ˵ãȻ֣ǾջأնɱЩħͷҪ
һˣһȻһЦһУǱħͷһʱҪɢ󷨾ȻͶ·ͻһɽ޽֮Сһ̣һɳԪٴλԪעڣʹٴξ
һĻħͷУõɴۣڼħͷֹħùһӲ󷨿ƣȥֶȴûһʱ䣬ħͷУһֱħͷħͷ


һ ڻ㽣
㵽ʲôֻкΪΪʲôܹʵѵʲôϹתʵɣĽɢħҲܲôĳǼɵ֮⡣
ʲôˣѵ֪ôȻԻǾǵһ°ɣ
һһ˲ʧһѾħΧ֮Сħ״ȻηһֶΣȴҲϾͷĽɢħһɱʱȺħɱ⣬󷨣ȴǺΧϡ
һ̫鲽ֻҪΪ粻ܴ˾磬һ˺һٸ˶˵ûʲôζһ˲ÿħͷǰһһӰӣⲻǻӰ̫鲽ɵӰÿһʵһֻΪٶ̫죬ſǸһ
˲ʮÿһһӰħͷжǧУҲУΪɽٳħͷЩסһֶΣɫɷס
ĽɢħܿԲߣһٶ̫죬룬Զ̹
ô˻ħͷҪɢȥһĻһУǵͷЦѣ̫鲽̫ϵľͨһͿԵֵʲôáǶһ໥Ԯҷ֣ȻҪֿǾ͹ֲˡ
һһſ˼̫鲽ٶȣӰҲʼ϶ħֻЧٴ룬Ҫһں䡣
ֻǾʱһȴǷһݣ̫鲽ӵ۷壬ӰסħͷҪɽٳħͷϣһͽʩչ
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һ״Ҳ̽ƣĿħ·ѰһĿ꣬һȺħͷͷĲѡֻȴ֪һʱͷȴһ¡
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ԭЩһ׽ڻһеĽȻǿ󣬵ȴΪص̫ͻ轣ɷ֮Ҳвͬʣ̲ڽ֮У轣֮򲻿һʩչ統һԸѪħѪű䣬һ׽ʩչ
Ϊߺ͵˵ǿоÿһ׽ȻϬͰڱ仯ȴЩ㡣ڽֶΣȻǿʮٱվȱһӦ䡣
Ϊ͵ڴִкֶ֮ҳʵİ취ǾǡǬ
һֻǬΪһװĽ䲻ǽǽ֮෬оǲǬƺǽܸ٣콣ʮؽʮΪܹݺһнС
һֻҪԡǬΪܣܹװѧֽڻͨʩչʲôӦ䣬ͬʱʩչȫͬĽ˿ް
ֻ롯һ£һ£һĽ綼û취ǿнн롮Ǭ֮С
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һһֻܷϰͷÿͷֿͬٱһ˲ͽܽϣڷֵļ©طҵ˲Ȱ취һʩչ£ٶȶһ¥
ǵٴٴ̤ͨ磬ʱеġǬ˺Ĳ֮⣬ھͲԭΪһ䡣
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Ľɢħͫһ״ɢħǱ߲ǸãħּȴҲɲóǲòӲͷƤȥֻǺܿףһӲͷƤҧؾܹԸˡ


һ гɣħͷ
֮һϺõ֣ʱһһװǬСɾһȺɽ٣ɢħȻٸ˲
һһʽĽʹ̺ϬٶȵȵΪһΪÿһнһǧֻ롮Ǭ֮УԽʹþԽ˳֣ڽС
ֻĻϲħͷɾͳ˿һٶǶɽϵĸ֣˵磬ݺ᲻ܵȴһһѹŴã˲ˣӲǱûƢ
ԭܹз֮Ľɢħ˺ڣҲض࣬һصչʩչĽУһСľҪҲʡ
뵱ԼõϢʱһݺʵ̶̰겻ȱ仯Ľɢħͷͬһ㡣ֵǣ۹Կ⻹һȫֻ֪һҪͳһꡣ
Ķʵô죬⻹ôߵõϢʱƫֻϢɲǴ˵еĽħĴڣзǱҲͬϢѵ˵ʱǿĲɡЩ˵ϴ޲Tħ򣬾Ѿ˥䣬˭֪ȻôǿϹʲôڣ˵ֻʲô֮һȻʵһ벻ɽͲô˰ɡˣЩҲɲǿǣֻҪߵϢȥԮǰٴһ֣ҪЩǼ̳޲TħеСץȥʱҵĹ;ͲС˵ܹõһǿıɢħ֮ǿֲźá
ĽɢħڸʱһѾ̤̫鲽ɱ˹һԶڻڡǬе׽Ҳٶнͬʱ
һʱ䣬ĽɢħУٶ⣬ÿһⶼУÿһⶼԼԣֶΣҪõĽһٵѾޣ֮ĲҪҲֵﵽٵоԼѾˡ
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һĽɢħ֪ܣ׼һʣһٶʽͬʱΪһ壬ڰ׶ɫȻͻǬһ
һεġǬһвͬһ֮ڻеľҪȻû٣Ǳ仯Ϳȴǧٱ
һ˲䣬ըǬһײһ𡣱ǬһоʮڣǱͱǵ͸ǳľ޴ޱȣ˶ΪҪըʱһһƳ˲СԭӿݣɫҲ԰ײѡ
Щһýֶ֮ΣԡȪһΪףԪմ۷¶ƣܣ̶ʱ䲻Ƴ˶Էķǽ
ɽڵĸ֣һҪɱǲѣҪ׽ҲЩѡûҲȻһ̣޽֮С
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˿ǾʧĽɢħ֪ĶɽħͷһЦҲˣýһˣԮˣҪŪæҡ
һһɢħͷ룬ʱɢħһ㶡ûһ޽򣬿ԽЩɢħзŷʦУȡҪ鱨ֻԽһøĪ⣬˵ǵֿܶˡ
һХɢħߣɽħͷŻعҲȥֻٶٿ죬αȵ̫鲽Աɢңһһӡգۼ䣬Ϊ͵Ķɽħͷǰ


һ һ
ͷɽڵħͷʮ־ɢħٻͿ˶ߣһӣӦҲǼ졣ֻһһȴֲֵһᡣ
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ħͷ״ɫ˲ɷףͺһһɫСƳǰһ鱦ֻ鱦ûͱһһ˹ȥʧ
Žɱħͷȷѡ񣬳һеСԸ⳼
һ˿ֻ֣һ䣺ȻǾͷſֶΣҽƣô֮󣬷Ŷ
ħͷһӦĳ֪סһﻹ˿иæ⿪ֶΡһȻûɱ޽ռ£ͽץȥˡ
׽ħͷֻһԤƸ٣һҲ̳ͣһħͷ׷ȥ
ħͷǶɽٺڵĸ֣벽ҪɽٴԲΪħһĴڡλ߲֮ɢɣֻʵűʹ
һ磬Ҫ籾Դһ٣ڣɾħɡ˭֪ǿҵķһĹ̥ǴһͿء
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ʱĶɽħͷͶٿһ׷ɱͷ𶯸Ǳ֮ǰǿҡ
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Ҳ˵һħҪ磬ֻСģ͸ܴ֡ǴѰĿںţѾǵޡǹģ͸ߣпܾͻɽע⣬ǰֹҳͷ
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뵽˴һٶԽոħͷʱ伫̣գۼɢħ
ɢħ֪Ѳãһ氵ħͷûΪʱ䣬һ潫ԼѾõľɱʩչ
ѣ
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ֻ㵵һһһɢһ̣Ѿǰ
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һһֽɢħϾˣֻͷۻһ̾¿һ˿ȵĸоͷֻǰһö˶Ļ򣬲ʩչرѡɵʲô


һ ħħ
һǣɢħһĿģȻʳҪ㣬ֻǴʱ޽Ŀռ֮ס޷Ϊֻ֮ȫֵһԼǿ
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֮£ɢħֻƴʹһСħԪ£ʮھѪ編Ÿպò估ʱ
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֮ϣ˶С編֮⣬編ţը֮ǿǿӣʮ֮ͽɢħͣһɷס
ɢħɢ֮ûڣע룬ܲѪһھһڣʮһݼľѪȻе侳Ŀܡ

ɢħñպһ䣬˭֪һϤ׳ǰ仰˻ȥ
ɢħˣѾܾˣһɣ
һһУ޽ٴ¶Ŀռ䣬޾Ľ⡣ɢħһӰ֣һոжɽϸ֡
Щʮ֣ħǷŷʦɢħֻͷЩ裬֪һѾոôˣҿԿոǿʵȻһʼʹþɱֶΣ½¾ըɾһһнҲ׽ȥ
֪ħҲϣ׽ң͵ħ򳹵ΪУʱͻħ֣㲻ץңһΪػʱ͸˸ʵǿ󡣡
㻹Ϊһػ͸˸ңʵǿ󣡡һԣƺЩġ
ֻҪһȥһܹ쵽ɢħæͷǣֻͷȴ뵽СӣվǱֻҪñ̾ڡ
ʱһһЦħͷħͷԣΪһ㲻ɣ֪ѾϢȥħĸѾڶˡ
ɢħһ㶣ƺҪʵ֪һһЩħͷףЩϢһǸ֪ˡ
һЩļһ
ɢħͷһҪƣֻһοϸһʱĻᣬһɣͽ޽ſһ˲䣬޽ͰɢħڵĿռ䡣
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ˣһѾսٿһߣֻɢħڶɽħͷҲӰɢѪ˵ǽϽǽɢħԽӿȵĽҲֻм֮ûл֮
һ֪ϲҪԼ֣תͷ˿ͷħŴɵ󷨣ʱ˼̫鲽һʧ
ħŴ֮Уִֵһɽٺħͷƿش˵ʲôصۿԼһĶɽٸ䣬׽õ׽ãڸһɢħ䵽һУǧ֮Ҳͷĸо
ֻħŹҲɭϣӾһҲħ׷ɱԼˣҲֻӲͷƤƴȡչڵķ˵ȵԮ
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һ˭һҪͻһΧȻҪһֱڡ
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ħͷȻǵһ޲TħǼͶħ³ǵĳħħû뵽֮ºмᡣһھԱţ̬ƺҪһ
ħħһͿĿģٶֻ͡͹ͣһݺ£׸̸ħħûΡ
һЦҲڵħħȻ޲TһҲһᣬͶңңԼѡɣ


һ ո
ħ֮ˣ黫թħħȻеٮٮߣҲ޲Tħ֮λˣΪ޲TħǣҲѳħǡֻնλɣħ׽³
޲TħǵͷȡȻ޲Tħ⣬Ϊ˺ƭһȥԼԱȫ˭֪һƭƾͼƣ޲Tħ̳˵鸽һʱ䣬Լ֮ء
һڣͷЦѣһʱ鸽ͬͽҪҪһ֮䣬򲻿в̤
ħħͱһ㣬ٱзŷһ𣬶ʱЩмܲסɫˢıɷף㶿һٿƵħŴϢħŴ󷨵ʮǿħ𶼲Ӳһ̣ȴûио㰲ȫ
ߣȻˣȻͷ޲Tħǣǻʲô˵ģ׽֮һһʶ㿴ΰħ׷ɱս޲TħǷɣ
һ˵ĶҪ֣ħħ״һţæеСԸ鸽
⻰һǹһ˿Цݡħħ󷨱֮УͻƲǲܣȴҲҪЩʱ䣬Ѽͽ⣬Ȼⲻ
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ħħȻſ󷨣һơһ£˫ѾȷħħȻЩʧ䣬㱣סҲͷ԰
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˭֪һӹһЦһлôҲؽңҰ¾ͺá
˺һƻ˵ħħˣٿһǳ羴֮ɫæϹȻŲߣһгɹǡ
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ħħȻħٺڵĸ֣ù鵤ҲƷֻһ鵤Чı鵤ȴûùû뵽һͶһ¾鵤ʹãȻ֪ΪΣղŴ裬ͷһһ˿
һҲħħͷ룬úһоٴγ֮УɢħԽԽмܲסæϡ
ϳֵȳ̶ȣնɱɢħһҲûȤһıҲʾͬ⣬һХȻս
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㵽Ҫʲôѵ˵ħҲոˣҾ˵Щ޲Tħǵ֪׽ɿܣ߷˾Ͳˡ
⣬˵Ŀǣ
ɢħһʵЩ֣һ̣޽򿪣Ľɢħͬ˶֣һ͸ߺϡ͹
㣬ǡɢħѾЩ˵
һ״˻Ȱ˵ΣʶʱΪܣǶѾ鸽ҲһԹԹ鸽һ·ҵҪһնɱɢħĸоʲôͬ
˶̰ΪԽԽɢħһΪˡǴʱѪһȴ㣬У˵һսĽϣԼȣ˵㹻ʱ䣬ֵ֧Ԯǰܡ
ҹ鸽㣬ɸұɢħƺ⶯ˡ
ֻһȴҡҡͷܷҪԼڵǰԼѡǡ
ɢħһ㶣ͷ˼Ƭ̣һ̧ͷȻԥľͳһһݣȻˣСԸ鸽
һ֪Լʲô֮һչ˽ˣ֪Է鸽Ҳܽˣ׼һƴȥɢħЩһͷˣһٶһս
һոɢħʮɽٸ֣һͷѾݣֻ֪ǰΣҲпתͳڷȥ


һ ؼƻ
һһ䵽ɽ֮ϣΪħŴѹڵѹҲʱϣɨߣԼһڸֶڵ
Сѣ㾹ȻħŴ˵ʲôֶΣɨִ֣ҲϾˣڽϸǲ໰ˣֻ֪һʲô飬ȴ֪
һԣ֪е̫ףѡһЩ޽ǿԼ׽˶ħͷᣬֻ˵Լſ϶׽ǿħŴħͷħŴҲơ
⻰ɨ߼߲㵹˼֡ڲ࣬Ȼ֪һ˵ĲʵҲ֪ʲô˼𴩣ֻǳĬΪĬһ˵
û뵽СֶΣȻħŴȻˣ֪С׼δãѵ׼ոˮĸɣɨ̽Եʵ
ҲˮĸȻͳͶݲҲʲôɫҪЩħͷħԲ㣬ѾǱԣǼ֮ͨУ»Ӱ졣ο滹Ҫ齻ǣȻܾʹȥ
һͷͷǵɨҲͷʾͬ⣬Ҫ飬ȻȤʵҪ飬ʲôҪҪСǣ
һҲ̻شһ˦䣬һɽħͷԾ˳ħͷɨҪ֣Һһʱ˵ԷԼոűס
֪˵ɣһڵ
ħͷĹ˹֣˿棬ſڽѾѶϢħŸǰԼħɽ֮²Ҵ˵˳ЩħŸǳһһȷʵڸ
һɨ߲ͬɫһǽϲɫḡĶ¾ŽǺս֮ɫ
Сѣѵ˼ǣɨһ뷨
ˣһ˵һӦ£ͬʱ΢΢һЦֻǴʱڣ֧֣ǳɹش֮ǰ޷չֻܳɣһνһ֮󣬷Ǹ鷳
⻰ɨüͷ΢塣ΪϹȻһø͸ַ֪ӣڻϢ֮еóһ˿ԾƺоħĿ겻ô򵥣ЩֻǴҪͱԺˡ
ʱѾ磬ħĸʱܽ٣Ǽӣ󼺣Ͼ٣ʰ
һĴߴ٣ɨƺ¶˾ģ̧ͷĿһۣصص˵ͷСѣһ¶ֶΣҲѡ㡣
ȻһսУԼñһͲں£Ϊɨ߹ĴӦоˬ
ãȻˣڵʵɢϢҪʱؽϢţиڴˣ˲ź¡
ã±ͷϣɵŲ˵ħŵһȺϼһħ٣Ǿͱⲻ˱̲һǺˡ
˵䣬ɨ߷Ըڸ߲ˡϺһǰʱһǲʹĽɸ֣һڵӣҲ˵ʲôֻ÷ֱһ䡮һнʦˡƺðɡƮȻȥ
ڲ֮һȥȥҲȻİ֮ǰķԸһͽ϶˳ˡ
һ˼һϣȻûҳֵĻᣬ׼㡭һ˳Բ˶ߡ
⻰Ϊһʺ϶ֶãǳսĽϾ͵˵ͷһħ֮УϤֿռ仯оɢɼĸǰǾͽֶκͼƻһ飬ָԿʼ
ʱ÷ɿ죬ţħŹȻȫֳ֮֮˾֮йͬƶ󷨣ħ֮ħŴ֮пʼ
һʮֺķʱ䣬һ֮Ҫ㲻ˣû׼ʮʱ򣬾ʮϢ硣ʮϢ֮ǰͬǴ֮ٳֱ֣ӽ١
ŲǿյֶΣֶֻɵֲӵСһʱ䣬˶֪ħħֽˡ
ҺڳǸеĸ֣Ȼоħ𼶱ĴڣҲסϢʼ֮ǰС
ֻУħŴƶͬĥһ㿪ʼĥڵĴ󣬶һսһĴƿҲҵķһٲȻ͵Ĺ˿ûα˼ʱʮϢ֮оʮֱͶħŴȥ


һ λħ
ħŴ룬ʱһոһ󷨣֮ǰһðȴڴ鵤İ֮»ָȻһ̣ȴսܹһ㡣
ʮϢͶΪ׵ɢħͿһ԰С˵һһǹһ˿Ц⣬˵ͷɢħһ֣ƣǺ谭Ľ
һԮ٣ȴǶ⣬˻ڸ߿вħ֮⣬ʮ˶ɢħ֣Ϊǿһٵˮ׼޽ӽɵ֣Ҫǿ
һȺɢħһ룬ֺڿ󷨵ɢħһˣһͬɢħγϣǰǷ˵׾ܽС׽ûȥΪνջ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҫǰѵ˵öγҲô
һոɢħǶγϣ̧ͷ˿ˣƽͷһķԸܱƽʲôһ͵ҵ˭ԭܳϣûӰ˵ʱ֣Ǻô硣
ܳϱγôһɫȻãҪŭһ㡭ȴû˵ͱǰɢħס
סڣɢħһȣڳԽתͷγϣһۣŰȻ˵뱾ҵҪ֮ʲôܹ谭ħ
γһɢħʻʱſæϳϣȻʮǰͱ޲TħһйԣѾ䣬֪ΪΣ̶ʮʱ䣬ȻٴθȻûʮǰֵ޲TħֶΣɢɸֲʮڿɢɵĸ־
˵γ̧ͷ˿ϳϵı飬ֻȻݣɫ΢΢һŶȻȸ֣Ǿѹˣֻһ־λħһͬǰٶɢɸҲã˵ɣ
λħ𣬶γҲ֪Ϊһ¶һ˿οı飬ż˵˵Լյѹ˵ǶԷ̫࣬նɱԼһɽ֮󣬾ȻԼѹסòڴ֮еȴԮ
һ˵Ǽʵ飬ֻǾոһȺɢɣڳħͷȻЩѪҲɡ
֮ϳһ֣ȻˣǽȨɣб򣬾㲻ЩЩСӣҲҪƿһɽΪλħ˼һЩ鷳
⻰γüͷһ壬ֳһ˿Ϊ֮ɫϳʣγ϶̴һҪ뱾ˣУһҪ㾡ܺΪ֮
⻰ϳϵĶγϣֻͷһٲˣ˼æһɣϳϵɻ˵һߡ
ϳħ֮У벻˸룬ԾҲͣγϷſ󷨿ƣһѽӹģͿʼ
ϳΪɢħһЧȻ˲ͬ仯֮ǰҲһأԭʤĴĥ̺սӰһʱĥ̾ͽսѹȥ
վһԵһϲһ̣·սӰҲʼһڵģĹȻĥ̴ѡ
ϳϼ״ȷγ˵һȵ󣬽챾ҪɱˣɱһƬײ
⻰ɢħ׷ӦŵһԶͶ֮УʼעС
һȺɷɢħħɵĥ̶ʱЩĥɢ˹⻪ٴȥȻսӰЩɢҡ
ʱ֮ٴδһɰϢȻҲͶɵɢɣһʱ֮䣬սһɫɹ⣬Ȼǣ̧սȻһɳأϢĥ̶
һħ֮УһҲɵóһ˫ܹƴһʤͺã˭֪ڻǱɫɹʱʱšɹĴš
ԭֻΪһѰص䣬ǿǿӣȴȲеġ̫ϻ˭֪⡮ɹ֮ԶתĽҲ΢΢һƺ֮һ㡣
ѵ˵ǡɹҿ̫ϻĶ̬ƺɹҲѰлúòһвٸֻҲͰˣȹ˽˵ɣħҲҪ̲סˣ
һţ˫һħΪսپһ֣ħŷѹƣǸ̲סˡ
һХһһȴӴٱĵͷӶγϵ˿еõϢλħ֮⣬ħˣ־ħˡ


һ һʯ
־ħɼһ֮ͱȵһֻħŴ֮һӴޱȵĵѹȻһû̫仯ǴΣ֮ǿҲ㵹һ㡣
ĥ̺͵˫ѹԭȻսͱסٲ﷫𺽣֮ɹҲʼ
ֻĴźô򵥣һڰ׶ɫͭڴ֮ϣһԪڵ֮
һǳԽ޽֮ϵ鱦ֻͨɼ鱦֮£һԪʩչӽɵˮ׼Ը˾֮һ
֮鱦Ҳų˺Ҷţ貨Ҳ׷׶֡Ȼסѹ
ڴ֮еϳϵһۺôϺ鱦һ治¶ӣҲٲϧʼһڿԪħŴתķɿ졣
ֻģҲǽ֣û룬ҪһʤҲǲ֪ʲôʱȥˡΥɽǰħʮֲ
Ȼʱ־ħٴηˡֻս룬һӰ۶ôǿ;ɨȴ·ûдڹ·һ硣
ɼֵֶΡ򡯡֮ռ䣬ռ֮һжƿأǱǿƣʲô͵Ϯ֮ܳɹ
һɼ֣־ħ𣬽еħ⽥ɢſһĿ䣬·ƹµߡ
һ֪ƹħǣǹֻ֮ǰ໪ͬȹ˽˾磬תΪɹҵλʵ֮ǿκɣħʮλħ֮һ
ֻ־ħĿ·սһۣ±ɽ֣Ҳֱӳ֣תͶħŴ
ҿ󣬱ƹһС
ʱһ˶У·ڶ˵ͬըһ㣬˲˲¡ϳϵҪӭ־ħ
ʱһˣϳϵͻأķԼҲƲ˴󣬲ûж־ħ󣬷ķȻһתȻ׼־ħͺȥ
ڳһԼ£ûһ֪ȱ仯־ħ֮£ûз֮±ĥ̵պֻһ죬־ħ޵ֿľͱѹ档
ǵҪʲô
һĥ´˵־ħڿϳϵңôҲû뵽Լ󷨾ȻĴ
һ̣Ǹ۾ҪɳΪǸоһ˿ѵϢӴдȥһĻ뿴ĳ֡һը촫Ǿ޴ĥ̾Ȼʼһб仯ȻôһУǳʯٵֶΡһȫ־ħ

ϳû֮ǰ߰ģǾ֮ɫҪ֪Ǹղһ£ˣ־ħһ£ЩͷҲͰˡ
һʯ٣ǳ𣬿ɼ֣־ħ𼸺û׼ͷƾͲ˵ˡ
һǡʯ١Ҳ˵˹һ󼸺ųɾŵһ֮ɴħŸֿҪоųɾŻѶ
ħľǴϳΪɢħλȨأҲܲ𷣵Ľ
ԣܣɵġˣնεģ⵽ô£
ϳڻ֮̿ʲôתҪҶγϡֻǷۿȥﻹжγϣеֻϢ˥ɢħȻǷһǵԪ٣ǹҲҪѾ
ϳβ֪Լ˶񵱣æеģ˭˭ȻҰ㱾𣬸ҳҪܣ
ϳ˼ΣûӦ𣬶УһɹԪȡ
׼˵ʱһӰǰ֮ǰվСˣҲһ
ûϳ˵һѾʼ֣֮䣬ԭħȻʼת䣬һ滻ԭľɫռ侹Ȼ֮ռ䡣
Щ⣬ÿһʵУÿһʵ彣ϰɢħϳĺѡԼɢħһһŽ֮УһСģѪΣղ
㵽ʲôˣ
ϳϴʱֻ뵽仰Ϊ֪ԼˣԵúܳףҪ֪ǰԵ˵ݺ֡
һЦһǲͣǧǰ׽ңѵ֪˭ô


һ ٴһ
㣬㣬ǵõ޲Tеһ
֮ǰγṩϢ֮УһʵϳֻǿǶɽˮ׼һӡеСӾȻԼôңϳһѪ˳
ǱɢɣʵסǶڱĽ֮УҪҪֻһ֮䣬ҸһᣬԼѡɣ
һٴ׳֮ǰֶΣϳϵѡͬʱոĶγϵħͷ׷ԳΣÿ˶סһɢħ֣Ǹá
ϳϼŭĶŭȵնεģЩˣȻұħѵħ֮ô
⻰γϵɫ΢䣬ֻһ֮£ǰɼܵõôࡣ
Ƕγϱһ֮ټƻ˳ʵʩѾ鸽֮ģ֮ǰһץסţǱֻᡣ
һһץϳ飬ȵϳϣɽʵף˷ֺαأǱֶҪ˼䡣ħǿǿӣѾ࣬αȵˣȰ㻹ǹԹԹ鸽һΪȴǲֵ
⻰ϳסͷʹ࣬ŭȵĶΪëСܷɣλħ˵˵Сӣ綼ܺɨҿ㻹ٷſպܣ硣
λħ𣬶γһʱ̣Щ֪λش𣬵ʱȴһˡһָԭסϳϵĽͻ˿ڡһʱ֮߱УƬ̣ıͿʼɶ
ϳϱΪһҪζԸû뵽ȻֱӰıЩȻȲԭʼɵҲͰġ
ֻЩ˿̺һӡֶ̽֡ΣרŶԸֱһЩıͽĲʹ
뵽һᣬһʱ̲ҵУԼΪ׽ٶðеԪҪɢʱһҲ˵궼ҪƬع鱾Դ״̬ϳҲھˡ
㵽Ҫʲô
ҪʲôⲻôȻ㲻Ϲ鸽ã
һһЦϳڵ˿ø죬һֱһƳ֣һź״ı
ź˼õĺöѹָܹɢɣȻ˺õĲϣħͶ˲Ѫɣһź̬˵
ˣ㾹ȻҰҵƲϳϱһ̣λħȻһı£ֱ۱ᣬӷ
һ״˵ʲôһͣתͷȥֻ·ǿӶ֮УһɱϢȻǳϢ־ħ˭ˡ
еϢһͷпɼ֣ߵĶγϵ򾪿ֱƺȣϳƺҵ˿ɽϣſЦ
ãããħ˲ħˣЩں֮ƣôܱȵùħʵȰͶźãħǰһһΪūĻᡣһСӣҲܻˣٷſ޲TУħ˸ȫʬʹģ־ħó̷Ȼ
ϳһЦ·Ƿˮתֻһ˿ûкµ˼һЦҪģҲǲܣֻħЩǽħħ𶼽пܡ
ԣϳһ㶣ſ񼸾䣬ȴһһƷס죬һе޽֮УǿϷӵľ½ƣǲӵľͶ޽ģá
һնЩոħͷȻħܣҲΥ棬׷ɢħͳ޽ȥһ̣һ޽ˣһоͻָƽ
ʱһȺħħ˳ħŵɢħ˭ˡǱһħ֮УΪȫסħ³ɣǾħ֮еֱħŵӣȻȲһջ޴ȴҲ
ħڳħ𿪿ڵСӣֶιȻ߳ȻһãҲ׬˲٣Ȼ߽ˣǾͰ֮ǰţǸǱ߻غϣ߾Ը
һԣ֪ħǾ־ħҪռβ㳷˱ȫԼΪͷʮֲмƺˣҲ˵ͷȥ
ȥӰһǹһ˿Цּ䣬ȥϢɢ·û˴һ㡣


һһ ˮ
ǴĥѹĿӶ棬־ħǿһ̳֮վֻʱȫȻûɼ֣ħׯģͷͬؽҪؤһ㡣
һر׽һ˳磬˴Ӷ߾硣ûɼֵ߹һ㡣
֮ǰϡɹͻɽսҲֻԳԾΪ⡣
˭֪ûڵУڻصԼʱһħŴǵڶΣʯٵĹħŴ˲صͬʱҲûкù
鲻˵ǿȵܵ˼ΪǿĴڹؼʱ鼸ȫˡˣҲ˲ƣϽƣһʵ͵ƽյɡ
û뵽ոһΪܵͼĴ磬Ȼܵصƣ˶֪˭־ħͷŭգҪ춼ơ
һŭȣɼеƳһĿȻħŴ֮СֻǴʱħŴ֮ѾһƬ裬ûҲˣںλãһѾڶɢħϢĴʧΣûκĶڡ
־ħɻͷŭʱһ˿Ϣʶ֮УһɼΪ΢ħǲע
־ħѾע⵽һ˿ħʱͽʶͶ˹ȥһ˲䣬ħ֮еһֶûӹĸӦЩħڵɢħ
־ħûмɢħʱɢħɻ󣬵ܿһȺɢħһϤϢʶ֮С
һϤϢħɢħħŴ֮ѹֱԼħ޵Ϣһʱ֮䣬־ħͨ͡ˣԭһȺɢħħŴ֮УӺܵ˴ˣҲܵ˴衣
ԭЩССħžȻҺǣ
־ħ־㿴˳ҲҪȫԼ²ȷȷŭһݹ⳯ħŵɢħɱ˹ȥ
ħŵɢħΪԼ˱ˣһ˸׸е˷ܡǷҪħħָɵԼһƴһһ֮ټˡʱ־ħѾ
ħȻҲħ𣬵ɢħˣܸħȽϡо־ħڵɱǰȥɱһʱɵۡ
ħͷѵͷôȥһСӣǰ
ô£ǺӦòᱻֲŶԣôܱҵǵӰ
ãһǱһСӺɵŵӸˡ
Уܲһ֣ħѾˣʵȻǺһɱ
սħŵɢħǺۼ־ħ׷ϣͣ£Ӷɱȥɢħһ񣬾Ȼ˿ͣ˼ûУ·ܡ
ͰŭѣѾһҪӸ޷ֻҧһҧһһҳ־ħɱȥ
־ħɱΪǱڻβ䱣˧ֻ֮ǺεοÿӺ򵥾ӣһͬʱһʩչͨΪģԲ֮˲仯һƬһƬ
ɼֵһȨҲǴ֮ǽĳ汾Ǿܹڶʱ֮ͬռ䣬Ϊһȿռ֮ϵĿռ䣬Ȼûж෬ЧȴܹЧֹ˽
һһųʱǳħɢħͱУȻҪѲǲܣҪ־ħ׷ɱ֮´ƱӳǼǲܡ
һŭɢħò˻Ǳһ˿룬־ħ̸һ̸ֻ־ħȴûȤ̸Ȥֻɱǡ
һŭ־ħħʩչգۼʮͷɳЩȻȲϵѱʵãսȴǸһ¥ÿһͷܵһɽٺڸ֣һӵϣ־ħԳ֣һȺɢħִýп಻
һħҲ˻ǿ־ħɱ˲ݣҲ֪ʵ𣬱ɴһݣʼֶʩչ־ħƴ
ħŵɢħʵͲ϶ԸҲ˲ٺôʵһ¥ֻʵ־ɢħ˵൱˭Ҳò˭
ʱһӰڿռ֮⣬ڱ־ħ˲ᣬñְɣ
⻰е־ħɫʮѿŭһжڱգţֻҪɽһжܽ


һ߶ ħ
ħһɱǰ磬ҪĿȻΪ׽һе޲TУһµħβʴ磬ֺô
ħ߲룬һѾ֪ꡣʮǰ޲TħǰѾʿü㣬һ־˴٣ȻѴ֮ܵõ
ټɽʼɽĹǿģԼħҲ̫ſĳһֻħŴħѾǴ󶯸ɸˡ
ֻû뵽ǣ粢ǰû䣬һֶζˣû׽ãʹǶףҲûһ
һмıھǿʵǰֻһЦħӵʵȻ־ħһʹƻһ룬һħȴΪɽ֣ûг֡
־ħܻħȻһЦҲ˵ҡҡͷҪȥʱһֱڲ࣬һٴη
ǡɹս˸ɫâȻ㲻ܲ˵ĳħ˹һĥ̵ĺħ𱻺ϣȻ˵־ħɥʧһսҲȻܡ
ֵֻǣħڵվԭأƺ壬ڶַ뷨ûУֻӰ⻷֮Уȣ֪
һĻսȥһԪϣɨߵ˶ʮɻڻɹԷǲ٣Ӧȷɡ
һħѵӻ˲ɣȻҲҪˣҳɣ
ɨǵʩְһ˲ĴŸͬʱսһأһ̾ħȥںϵһ̣ħɢһ̣ħŵħ
һħԭƵԳ޵ľ֣ʲôǶ䷢ģսŲѵ֮£ȴ˭ҲΨһܸоľսƺѹһͰͰȻըŽսƽ˼֣ײڿռ֮ϣڿռײơ
һӦĲĴŸ֣ħŵĸ֡ǵǹܲħǲս֮£ۼڿռƿͺԥ˳ȥ
ӳ㹻ԶͬħŵħһԹеһĴţΪħƲ
űħźսħҲ׷׷ųݻһĴţٲȻԷжôԲԼȴûԼͬҪԸһĴŵ顣
ۼŲɢħҪ죬һƬֻһռѷƾճ֣ͽУȻãֻС
ɵŶ֪˭ΪһԪϿҶ·ˣмϷɫһ䣬ɨͷüͷ΢壬֪ʲôΨнɫһϲɫЦ⣬ƺڰ
ʱǷ߷ߵ־ħԱߣһӰ֣ħֻ֮ǰòʵͬһεӰĿû뵽һħȻӢ꣬ϲĿģ
һ滻Σ˲˵ħֻ־ħǵûал˼ŭߺߣǱ˹һ㡣
㣬㾹Ȼֱֲѵ㲻ɱ㲻ɣ
־ħ𣬻Ϣŭûвֻ֣Ҹˡ֮⣬ȴһ뱾ĵĸ֡
˵ҲĿķ򿴣ƲƲ󣬵˵ôãȻħҲֶΡµҲó˰ɣٲɾҪˡ
⻰˶ĪܿǾ˶ߡֻһӰħλֳһ˭ˡ
ҵ˭ԭСӣЩ˵ĲΪֻкڣܰ쵽Щ飬ʵǶɽٺڵʵˮ׼ǼɱﵣڳûмĶ˰ɣ
һӡ֮УħģﶼһԱȻôϸһȻоֶ
ԭˣȻھͰֵı¶һ߽ҷͬ˵˼ҸʵΪڣø˶ҷԶټϷ͵ֶΣ˵ƼͽıĺƲ߾ƾħ𣬲֣սŲߡ
һţȴ˿©ۼֻ΢΢һЦħ˼ˣС˲һЩСҳݣǶλħͬʱ磬᲻ᱻ˷ѽ


һ սħ
ħһ֣ȴҲЩԾ㡯ӣħǾʦһĴڣȻʵǿıߣƽҲϲŭɫ˾ηѡԽһҲ˿¶
һСȻħ˵ý־ħˣ˵Ҳ޴ˡڻ᲻ᱻ֣Ҳܡֻˣζλħŭô
ħļƣԡּ֮ǰ֣ʱ˸棬ʱ˿һ֮͸һɲ
һѵЩħͷΪôҶ·˵ȿڣһӺҲŭƺƭеߺޡ
һԣˣȻûпڣȴ·˵ͬĻҪһ𸴣һΨһһûб仯ǾǽϣֻǵȻһû˿ı䡣
һȻСǧӡĺվվǸо̤ʵһЦҲ·˵ʻһգָħ
ħ𣬹Ȼ֣ĶڰաֻΪ˶֮вɣ֪ҪϵĶͬһ磬ΪϹź֮һǺγõĳΪˣȻЩаħóѣΪһ񳯾֧ţҲҪһνŭܽô
һ֪ԻֶԽ;ԽѽͣԽԽڣҲ˵ֱжʾһ䣬Ѿһ֡
ħ״ȶȳ֣һԵ־ħѾţ㣬֣ûꡣ
⻰ħüͷһ壬ѵóһ˿񣬵һһϹ۵
ȴ˵һһɱ־ħҲͲ²⣬Ȼһ£Ҳ֣޽ӳ֣𷨼ӳ֣ħӳ֡෨һ˲ӳּһХ֮¡ȫɢ֮ϣֻս־ħ𶼲㱻ѹȥ
һӳǳϵġǬϺĥ£ġǬѾ߹ģ֮䣬Ϭޱȣӳ֮Ȼл֮
־ħѾǺ޳֣ȫһҲͷһòæĶԪŸӲһ
¡
һ촫˶Ժһǵıը֮ٴκÿռݣȿռкȥͬʱһ֮ȻڱըĿʼƴ
ħüͷһƺһӳսѾĲ²⣬ǹһ˿Цƺ˵㳬ҵĲ²⣬վӲġ
ħͬĴߣһ־ħȻһʤԾѡٲȻ˿һʵѾ֮ϣһԪϣҶ˫正Ϸ˵ӣ˼ɵлɺ͡
ɨߣг˼ɵ֮⻹һ˿ûڡ̾Ҫ֪ǱݼҲҪ£һָտɴҲֳˡ
ڽϣһʼһѾȫעСڡǬһĲ࣬ڡǬĻϹԼĽ
ֻڽһ·ϣߵʥ̤֮ϵǡһ򷨡֮ͨר㲩һǲΪãͬʱ̤ʥߣ֮·һ򷨡͡һ򷨡˺ߣȴ仯;ʡ
һһ׽ڻһнУȴһн֮һ׽ʱǼˡһ򷨡͡һ򷨡ֶΡ֮ɫѳȥ뷨
ϡ
һҲƲסǳȥһǳһԹսħɱ˹ȥ
ʦܣ
ɨȻɾͨ͡ġһʵѾȫ֮ϣһԪ֮ϣͲһҲòȥ
ħ϶ɱǹһ˿ЦȻΪҪ־ħһϢҲɢɣӶȾʹ˳
ħħѾɵɢɾĴڡ㽣ϵġͨġɨܹͨӳ֣Ҳһʼ·硣
ɨƺһ֮ǰ˵æɢɴеλѣݺڰһǣħħͷȻײУҲסǣֻҪʹȫܽǱˡ
⻰һ˵»Ҫ˻ɣɨЩɢĽ飬ҿν֪֪ףʱ˼֣һ⶯ۼϺɨԽԽΣڷһԪϣҶ˫正мϷ˷׷ݹ⳯ħɱ˹ȥ


һ ֣С
һ־ħ߶ܹﵽǿսɼЩ׽⡣޽֮вЩɢɺͶɽٸֵѾֲ֧
ֻˣҲ˿ʧΪһʧ󣬱־ħ׽©һˣԶսɼӰ죬ӶԴһսʼͷһֱǾͬʱɼڰ̾ѡ
ֻ֪ʱ־ħͷҲƵ뷨ԭֻһʲôֶʱǿʵֻҪʱһܹԭΣɱιΣ˭֪һƲ˥䣬нθߵʹ
ϢƳҲˣԾǣһһֽѾĺۼʶҲˮ׼һͬƺ޵ǱĹУԽԽ仯ˣԽԽǼƴȥԼƲ˥һĻʤͲ˵ˡ
ʱϵķ˵ע⡣һȳһû뵽ϾȻսˣȻɢ֮ɼ֡
־ħ״֪һģɵս¸һЦСӣ㿴ʲôзɶ˻𣬵ǼһｫĿɽȫնɱʱ¼ҹˣҲˡ
һһ۾Ϳ־ħ뷨ֻǺεһף˼һתЦһħ˵ǣֻɽѾɽٲǵĵ̣Ҳ֪磬Ǳɽץиʲô³
־ħͷһû뵽һȻϸ֪¡Ҫ˵ħܹһеʱɢɸպܵɨߵٻһԶȥ
־ħɫѿֻһɢҲͰˣ˶ɢɣһӳ֣ʵ֮ǿһ֣ħҪһһֻɱЩˡ
ѵЩõģ־ħ뵽ǰס
һԣЦȻ־ħԼƺõǳ˸ħʱĴŴ͵ϮһٴħΧ㲻ܽ£ҲҪ¶Ϣɽǰ
һƲߣû뵽ħ·ɱһϡáֽ죬һͷҲ⣬ٲһߣȫͷͶ־ħ֮С
һν쳣˴ϴ򵽵ϣռȿռ䣬ռֱ춼Զ
Һڶ֮У˿ڶס֪Ҫ˶顣ˣЩƽſ޸оɪɪҳ
ֻǾһ־ħûзֳһʤһߣħı죬ûʩչȫҲڶɢ֮У
һ֪ȥ˵ħҪǲǰˮĸ֮⣬սƻͲ׼ˮĸˮǱħʩһϢǲٻ
˼һڵϣ֮ʱһһ޵ĺڽ֮¾ͳ־ħ˹ȥ
־ħһôãΪһ仯ˣһڲϽûӦһöӣһˣǲСԶԶһþȥ
˭֪һöӾȻʮִһɢһ̣ɱȻɻȴҲĹֵֻܵ𽣹
һ֮һʱųɫӳɫ죬ֻЩûһʲô֮
־ħҲʶһĽƻΪһи˼УÿһЩӺΡ
ʱţһȻƲãҲЩ⣬˼ԼôãҲһ˿ָ߶һɱһ
ֻǾʱֵ鷢ˣתﵽЩһֱõҩĵطǣЩطûкתԽ𻵣һתʳҩԪ
⵽ʲôôˣ
־ħͷһܿ뵽ʲôһŭĿһˣѵ㵽׶ʲô
Щһгȡ֮֮ͨۻ־ħԪɼ־ɼ֣Ѱ֮ۻ಻ãճȥһ㶼ܡ
Ψ֮гĸ߽֮߼áǸɫǱĬĽ־ħڡ
һ־ħӺܳʱŷ֣ʱ˵ûһħ𼶿ܣǰҲԤϣ־ħŭı飬ֻ΢΢һЦһСϣϣħܹϲ


һ ̻
־ħȻû֮ȹ֪һڱ֮һֲɵֵĸоֻһȻǿңȴվϡ٣ֻҪһʱ;Ҳǲȥġ
һ⻰ʱԼ˹ƣȻ񻹲֪ô£һɫǵͨ죬һţɳ
Сϣѵ㵱СһɣѽʲôɽˣҪƽҲҪɱ㣡
־ħһͷһħأ˲֪ټѺɱ¾ħ֮λ˵һߡ
Ϊߣɼ֣Ǿ߰Ĵڣ˭֪һСʿ˼ε˼ƭҲ̲סȻħܷڸϢͷų
һȺ־ħĸ֮ǰҪǿÿһͷĽɢϵΪͷ˳һɫ
òˣħ񣬶ȡ˼䣡
һǵһʩչһ״ħͨΪһ֮Ϊٻٵġòնɱλ١
һȴͬĵ˴ħħͷ־ħħˡȻ˵ʵ»ȲҲ͸൱ȴһȻ̾ɱνֲ
һһСٻ̻֮ơ־ħڵ֮ٻ٣һħһô
Ȼ־ħ𻹲֪׷ʲô׼һζɱһʱڤڤ֮нһʶһ¸¿Ц
ڽˣһαҪ£ҪһףʲôһϺҪ
һپͲſĸԣȻ־ħҪȡ־ħһ㶣׷ʲôֻȴһһ
ı᱾ǲ֪ȻˣҪǼʶʶʲô񣡡
־ħѾŭˣһŭշųһݣ֮һһ֮Լſһͽȥʶ
һͷһϲǰʮͷҲӲǳߣʮȦӣһͷȿռȥˡ
һȺΪһҪӣϷŹ׷Żƿռ׷ȥһͷȿռ֮ǲŷڵĵطѰȿռ䣬һĴڣ޽
Ȼˣޱȣ־ħҪСĶԸֲ˼ңЩôô򵥾ϵȻˣҲˣҲɣܷЩͬ壬ߡ
һ޽һ֣ȡųһͷʮִ죬ֻжɽڵˮ׼
һ¼֮ѾӽɽٺڡΪݺͻʼղûͻƶɽˮ׼ķ顣һһս͵ϮΪֻҪǿϢͲᱻ֡
ȻһȺǱ˱Դʶģȷв磬ֻɱеˡ޷ֱ
ʱһͻȻ֣һȺȥ޽ͬʱתһʱ佫һȺ쳣档
һȺһסʱ򣬺׼ʱʼһͬǰ棬һͷȥ
ͷΪҶͬԴûнģ֪һͷƤǡոҪѾӵзʶסģʼϵ
ɣͬԴֻҪ˺ģѡܿһͷȻûȫȴһͷƤٴνӽһͷ
һǰע׾ٵĽӽһͷͷ߰ͷʣŸоԾ
ͬʱ٣ƺҲ־ħע⣬һʶĽ⣬Լ߰ͷʱеұ
֣ͷȻǴ󡣾Ȼ־ħܻԸ֮ҲҪɱһ
ͷ൱ĽɢɵԱһ֪Ƕֻջ޽ֻһ䣬޽ޱ޼ʵĿ㣬⾡
ʱͬʱһԵƳ˷ɢȥ޽չȥҲܵӰ죬ֿռ俪ʼݣԳ©


һ ־
һƬƬݣ־ħЦѣæһȺҪƻһһĻУȴΪòһɱը֮ݲֹ˻
ɼҪһǲܵġ޽ǵһܵĴνƲֻҪһ٣ҵ㹻ķɽ޽֮УʱҲħһսˡȻҽʶԣǾ͹ֲʹˡ
һһ޽һЦץһȻһָֻһָ׳ȵѰ˵ֱۣ·ض죬·بһ㣬ָ
һһָ꣬ͻһžӨҺ壬һףͻһʵ˿ʧ١
Ƭ֮ڿƻſЦ־ħһͣһҽУȻûϢЩڵ
һ״м٣æĶԪ޲޽ͬʱųһһͽʣµʮͷɡ
һֻҪ͵һɼֵ֮һһ׬˸ʱƺҲﵽ˼ޣһͿʼһһС
ȻڳΪߣؽ٣ɢħûˡ
һһЦҲά޽һȫĵطռһ۱㿴
־ħվԭأֻɫ֮ǰѿ˰ٱ˵һųһ֮һѣȻռϷ磬Ҳ־ħϵ޷ֶԸ
㲡Ҫߣȥɣ
һͷһݣ̫鲽̤һ˲־ħǰ־ħһг˷ŭ֮⻹һ˿֣һ룬ʱȡûʱ
һݣ־ħæֻһ̾ͽ־ħ޷֮£ֻӡ˶ԶԾɸоһɷԼΧתơ
Ϊħ֣ǵһԵͽʿǱ޷Ӧսܶܲãͷ輸Ҫոɾ
һ׷һԼĪһ㣬־ħҲܲס裬Ȼվٲܣһ׷ŭ˫һ𣬱һ˫۰Ȼ˶Եʱһ˫۰ȻʼںϣŤʼһ
ãȻһ˳
һû뵽־ħ񼴽ͣҲ׷־ħǬһͳǸոݻնȥ
ֻҪû壬սͲСһҪһն𶼲ܡϧͿϧڣЩ֮ĺһṩģȻ˵ֶܹ֮ڶ̶һ˲Ҳ̻֤
ȻǰʹһУҲϧһն¡ûлعζͼɱн棬һϤס
㡭
һ۾ϳһֻһҲ͵Ϊֹδ䣬ն£һƬʶ𣬶֮һ֮ջء
һһնɱνˮ˶ûʲô˼Ψ־׿һ㶫Ҳֲһ۶Թķŭ
ˣң
ħˣҲһ鷲ףθħ˱ֻһЩСƣͽЦ
СƣСϣ㣬㡭
־ħѾһˣһʱ֮侹ȻҲʲô˵ŭߺ˰ΣֻӲ˻ȥһȴûһ֡
Ϊ˷һȻܿ첹ʧһıԴԪ棬½ħ𣬿¸ղһҪΪ
һȻҲ֪һ㣬Ҳû֡Ͼ֮οһħҪƴҲѲá
ʱҪնɱҲҪʵڲ㣬ͰԭƻߣȵãҪʲôʱնɱԣҲһʱˡ
һˣһͷ˼ƽϣüͷһһɰޱȵϢ籡ֳ޽ȫȻһɾɱ־ħ
־ħüͷһ壬ĺȵСӣɱҲҪΪ汳
һһЦħҲһСӣܵ汳Ҳҵң
־ħһͣȻֲһ˵Ǽ٣ȴҶģ촽΢ƺڴ
һ̣һֽͳɱ˹ȥۼҪһУռ任תȻһ˲һİĿռ֮Уһִȵվǰħ˭ˡȻǸ߰־ħͷһħˡ


һ ħıƤ
ħƺûΪаҡһȣĵĴһ˵ͷûн˾ܽ־ħƵϣǶһݣܲ
һ֪ԼħĽ֮У˿ż𽣹⣬ҡҡͷħ˵Ҫ־ħǿˣѾƵϣȴԵУѵҲ﷭ô
ħƺû뵽һشһЦãܺãıʵҲڣ޲Tħѡеˣɣ㽫޲TħǺúΣ
޲Tħ
һһ㶣ʶ˶˵޲TħҲ޲Tħתˡû뵽Ļˣųơ㡯ħȻھҪ޲TħƺѾˡ
ħһЩɻ󣬲ҡҡͷҲΣ޲Tħʲôˣ˲֪ȴоȾԵôΪһССħܻطѵħһ˻ܻŻȥôǵҵĴ𰸻Ƿ񶨣㣬Ҿ͸ӿ϶ˣ޲Tħʮа˾ŻŰɣ״ӡûв´ط޲TħǿΪ̽˳㼸ħ֮λɣֻǼҲû뵽Ĳӻȥİ·Ͼͱħǽɱûлڡټһ޲TħȻһƬߣģΪϧأǾһᡣ
᣿
һǱȳħʵϢй¶ɽ˹ס硣û뵽ħһڱôһʱЩɻ
ħ˶սթħѲĽɫһȻʵͼҲпܾϵͷȻϿڣ˵ɵ˵ǲԺٻһ
뵽˴һͷмƽϣʵʲô᣿ѵҶ޲Tħǲɣ
ħһϴ𻰣΢΢һЦʦͽ޲TħǣֻҪ޲Tħǣ޲Tħָ֮ҪΪħҲǼ򵥵飬˺һʦͽ֣ħ޵֡
һ˵ͷɻ˻ǲֻҲħĸ߲㣬Ϊʲô˰ǣҪ˵ûʲôͼ
ħЦ˵ǼɵȻͼҵͼܼ򵥣Ǿϣǽͳħܹ֮ħϡħ֮ǱѹƣһħҲ㱻ɱǱ෬ʹմȥվҪ̲˵˫ͬ㲻֪޲TħҲ֪ˡ
һһ㶣֪ħȻһ壬ڲʮȻҲ˱ʢսڲνǻԹҲǳе顣
ħǵĵλҲ֪ȷʵ൱ΣӶֲıֱһһɼֲͣһˡ
˵Ϊħ֮ħ𲻽ΪԼħǴУΪպһȹ̵ĻҲǲҽˡֻѱ棬Ҫлô˵˺棬Ͽ߽ħҲʧΪһ׳нĺð취
һԺתЩͷĿħһ۵ԭˣʦ˵ħǵ飬ֻǵûɼֳ֣ȻħӦʢֻȴôʦӦ㣬Ҫ˼ҲǲܡֻȴҪһʱ䣬ʦʮǰˮĸˣǰòŻָˮĸıƿء֮УˡʦֻܵһʱգʦֻһǰᣬǾǲκţħ֮ˣ򼴱ʦЩ뿪ҲʩչŲֶΣ뿪˴ǰҲؾ
ħɫ΢΢һϲȷʵ˵޲TħŵġֻĿĲ޲Tħô򵥣ĵһȷϣҲĻϲ˼һ
ãȻ޲TħڣħǴЭ飬ֻҪϴ޲TħңҾͰ赲ħˡ
Ŷ˵ǲֻҴʦ㣬ȥо赲ħ֣ѵһܹ֮סɣ
ãããȥ޲TħôѵСѻ֪ôȻ
˵䣬ħָָָͷһ״ҲȻĵ˵ͷ
ȴ˵һߣ֮⣬־ħɢ˵սԣɢɼҪһҪǿһߣû̫鲽ֶΣ޷򷨲մֻ־ħһʤ
ʱһ촫ħʩչĽȻȻըһ֮ϣһ޵ĺĤҲѿ


һ߰ Ԫ
һһӰ֮зԾһħ˭ˡֻʱѾ˽ɫûз̸Ǣ׷ŭĿӣɱ֮֮⡣
λǰѾƣΧħͷǽɵϢųɽ֮ǰ
һһȣɢɽһԥ֮ʱһȥֱɱ־ħȥǽӦһ༸ɢҲ֪޷ˣҲ׷ɱȥ
־ħһƣҲǳһߣΪħǿԶħʧܵǿø˼֡
㣬һﾹȻСϣԭҲá
־ħ𿴵ɢɱɫ΢䣬Ҳ˱ħһ䡣ŭһٴλûҪֵס
ֻһνϵ֪ƴʱˣûв˽㣬ȻһȺ־ħȥ־ħϢʱһɱ
һ㣡
־ħɫһ䣬ȻмһĵȴɱˡٲϢɵֵȫչû˷ʱɼϢر仯ʱƱɫ޹⡣
ãɼֵֶΡ
һͷ̾üɼ֣ɼر仯ʩչĸȴûһ־ħͷһ
ֻǼ㽫ɼʩչ־ħл֮ҲͬвֻԷȴûа㻹֮
㣬æΣ֮ǰ־ħ̲סٴκȡ
һ䣬һɰƴһԴ˼״һתͷ֪ħſϢش׼ѹˡ
ħһһͫһæеλǰߣ
⻰һû˭ɣͬʱͳڷȥһԶͶУһսعڣĤ֣ΧͰ
־ħ𣬿ħ־ħǰæѯʵ
˭֪־ħþȣȴû˿м˼ħһתͷͳȥ
ֻһˡ޽򡯵ļӳ֣ǿһ־ħʵԭɣʹ򲻿ڵķ
ħȴ֣˵һ֣ͬ־ħȴҲٲϡֻͷͳڿգֻɲԲħվ־ħǹһ˿аЦݡ
־ħʱ޽׼ʱ򣬱һԭħŪһƬնʱϢ
־ħһ̧ͷɫʮѿŭߵû뵽һȺһô죬Ҳ֪һһɽ϶
ħ״һ˿Цһĵߵ־ħԣһ̣˲ƺһһˡ
һ̣֮Уһɫ۵˳׷ͯգЦ⣬һһ˸һһɵˣɵ
߽־ħħһۣǲмһЦԭħͷѵħѾ˲ɽʱô
⻰־ħһŭƺҪ֣ȴħסһϹԭԪˣ֣־ħǰֻΪ׽һӣɱħˣ޷죬ǲץסħϽȻ޴棬Դ¹ϵ棬Ԫ˼¡
Ԫ˼־ħǲмħ𣬵΢΢ͷԭˣ˵ûΥɽĽֻʲô˾ȻҪλħ٣²ô򵥣ǻһɽħҪһôȻˣǾʹȥɣħһӣ㲻֮ǰʲôԴ֮ħҲ׼ɵǰɽΥ£ߺߡ
ԪĻû˵꣬ڳ˭˶֪ʲô˼ߣ־ħɫǵͨ죬ħæڵȻԪ˿ڣҲΥξʹȥϣɽڽĴ֮Уƴ˽١
ԪԵ˵ͷȴڲ˵ֻڵİۣζħ𲻵ò־ħڶһ·Ĺ⻪˾ʧ
ʧԪȴ׼ߣһǰһ㣬һƴһ
ɽԪڴˣλɵһ
⻰ɢһһۣɨߵ˵ͷͽ󷨻򿪣һ¶ҲɽԪˡ


һ߾ ɽӣȥ֮ʱ
ڳˣһ֮⣬⼸ǵһμɵɼ֣ʱо֮ǰħ𶼴ͬͷʮ泩
һȻˣǶ˹ϵ֮ǰ޲Tħݣо˵ңԶˣ˵ͨһλǰˡ
ҵ磬ʿԪǰ
Ԫ˴ɵţһȻڵؽ磬Ϊߣʶ㣬Ȼ˿ڡһڣ˶Ԫ˹һݡ
Ԫ˼ˣһڽͣһ£һһۣ˵ͷܺã⣬ѰɽΪٲѰ˭֪һħȻ˴Сй¶ϢűɽѰҵ˴ƺ綼ɵռݣʮο
⻰Ԫͷһ£ûΣͷȴ̲ѣҪ֪һħŸ־׽ãǻħźʱҲ֪һλɵǰҪ˵Щʲô˵ûҪ֮Աǣлˡ
Ԫ˵ûʶЩ⣬ԺѼ䣬Ϊɨ߾ʹǰУͬʱڼע붴֮Уһʱ䷽ΪħŴħ쿪ʼָ
Ԫƺ£΢΢һЦһ֮Ҳǲ࣬û뵽ħͷǰƻƻ˵ǿϧϵҲһ֮ɣ
˵䣬Ԫ˽һ𣬱ǹɳûԪ֮УʱǶָٶʮֹѵõǣԭ򿪵Ҳȹ̣һɫ
˶̾ѡΨһ˿ֶΣʮ־ȡϾԪһֿƺ󣬵Ǿܹ޵еĿԹһϲ
ۼڲϻָɨҲϲѣæٻ˲ϯɹͳ϶Ԫ˵л
һϯ˫ɼţ˴֮䶼Ŀģ̸֮ΪϲϯԪڽĿĵǹڴ˴δ٣ɽϣܹڱҪʱһ֮ɢɽһԪ˽նȹһν˵
ʲôħһѾ磬ǴˣԪƺЩš
ħһ壿Գ̣ʵֻһҲռ֮ɲ飬Ƿħһ塣
һսɶ֮ҪоֻûдħҲͨУֻ֮һֵԪ޷仯޳
Ԫ˽ӹǻӵģԪһԣой죬ɫ΢䣬æջ˵ȷʵħһӵеԪû뵽֮ǰȻ硣ħһ׼ΪҺñǴˣ룬ȻˣϵҪսϢɽΪ͡
ô֮ɽ׼轱ͣʮϲڿɽ罻ԪҲڴӦ˺Ϊ˽ظɽԪҲվƮȻȥ
ͱԪˣɽ֮ϣɢһˡһʱ䣬Ҳû˭ڣһ۹۱Ǳǹģڣơ
һ˲ҲÿڣûССչһ֮ǰ־ħħ־鶼лζһ飬Ҫ֪ɼĻ˼伸Ѱһ񲻽ħ𣬸սʤ֮Ĳ˵һݾ鶼
ƽʱģ˾ʱ֮󣬻Ԫ˿ڴƽתͷһѣ֪֮£кҪģ
ԭԪ˵ɢֻһ־֮ͬˣһһıֱּǳǵһȺϹֱƤٺҲԳƳǽһЩΪ֪ܣЩԶ֮⡣
һ֪Ȼһ⣬Ԫǰ֪Լ鶼ѾɣҲ׼磬̹ȻһЦ
λǰ²ⲻħǰĿ֮һңԵɣǵ뿪֮ʱħ˳ͻû뵽ħȻ׷˴кõǣ˴оգʧ󡣸ɽĻӣħǿᣬҲҲ֮ǰ֤áֻмڴˣվҪħע⣬Ҿʹ뿪硣


һ طľ
뿪磡һ򵥵һȥʱڳиֳһ
ǿһ֪ʲôԵħ£ʵǿվֲħĶ磬ɽ֧Ԯٰȫ
⣬һһδս֮Уһ׽ħŵ棬ͬƿħŵһУմ˷չˮĸҪΪһȻҪߣҲǷ˼ˡ
ˡϵԽô㣬뿪磬ȥδԪϵʵ
һ΢΢һЦ޷ĳҲǵһ뿪磬󣬵Ҳûĳ֮мܵص㣬ֻҪҽУħվҲһֻҪһЩͷٳҲͲħˡ
⻰ڳиֶȻ⻰ǻ˵ǲЦҲҪ֮ԱǡһΪսɼ֣־ħȻĶƣʵǻۣһǧ˰꣬ʲôпܡ
ԭˣȻѽ˵ϣЩϵҲûбĻ˵ˡϵֻ˵һδսȻЩϵվħ򣬹ֲõѡ⣬ѶǾӹΰЩϼһҲû֮ǰҪæģܿڱǣ֮ⲻ˳Ҳɻǣ
˵գڳɢɾǵͷǡһ״֪ⲻǿͷҲΪ̹ת֮䣬ħ˿УԼ˿е֪شٵ˵һŸȥ
ȥ֮ʱϴ׷˳Ҳ໰ֻĿһһ۵ͨͨģͨͨͨͨȻҲǽ£֧Ψͨߣ֮ͨɣ
һһֱΪͨѡһеᣬõ˵ĽϿڣʱͷһع彣ϵ˵ͷһ䡮лϡʮ⻪䵽׷壬Ǭɽ֮ϣǸϵһݽȥ
һȥһȺɢҲԶԶһ뿪ʧһ
ӷǳ֮
ֹǳ֮ѲСˮܹˡ
ֻǴ̫ܣ練ãҲ綼кô
ҲգҲգ֮ǰħڵϼһﾡץˣҲһᣬܰմ˻ᣬԺһ˵ش٣ȹĻ󡣡
⻰ɢɽԳȷʵһԼ´ξۻʱͷ׷ȥ˺Ĵżξۻ֮ڶ֮ķչǽħĵȥ£˵ӣϧԴȫ˵ӡ
һս˶ǰսӢ˸ԴܿɲšټɽȻ֧֣緢չѸ١
֮ĴŶСɣٲȻһɵ硣ȻûħɣɽٵĶɽ٣صĳأĴȺ˴ڸֳ֣ش֮ǰӭǰδеķ١
ЩҲǺ󻰣ȴ˵һ磬ȴȥڰ·۷ǰнĵһվҲʧϰԴɡ
ԴɵҲһ˴֮һֻ̫̰ȻռľأħƣǧĻҵһ
һˣԴַ֮ϣһæµƺһ̴֮һɢ޸ֽš
ԴһûʲôУΪַռݶʲôһĿıȽأҲȥӰţͨϢԽԴڶȥ
Ƭ֮Ѿһԭ֮ϣۿȥƶأߵĳǹһжǰ޼ֵһһƬȴʮУƺ˱һ㡣ʵ˵ȷʵǱɣҲ귢ҵڣʱɣľ̵ַڡ
һΪߣľ䴫УҲõô˵ЩôǶϽƬԽ⣬ĶѾûôվһͰڣͷпǲܵġ
ֻһΣһ˴ĿĲ廳뷨һͳľڷȥ
ľַӦ˵ħɨտҲϺصط棬˴߾ͱռݣʿǰصɨɨ𣬱ɵɣ֮඼ľҲһЩʮͣԸûʿǰ


һһ Ȼ
ľһɹŨҵ̺֮ʺȴкϢ
ǽһкϢԪӤֶҪСĶԸֻкܹ׵ȴҲҪԪһЩϢƤܡ
̫ϻ
һת̫ϻһ˿Ԫȡһɵ̫ϵóƽһж㯵Ϣ鵤ĵ
ͶУƣ˲ͽǰɢָ˼ֵľĹ⾰һŰȻ˽ȥ
ûã֡Щ౻ʶûΣǵص۵ҰޣСѲߺͷۡ
һЩɱ˼ûУһӣ;ӿռ֮Сӿռ֮ѾĴһƬռ䣬嵹ǲ٣ǵͽҰޱȽ٣սȥҲǱһ̬ƽ⡣
ľҲǷΪŲ㣬һܽĲ㣬˵ǿտӵľһ·ɨ㣬ſһЩ
ֻЩνҲ弶߲ҲǶ˵ӿռлūҩЩСҩֱЩū֣ûȱҩкܶ฻ԣ
ִ㣬߲㣬ֱڰ˲㣬һȺʮͷ徹Ȼסһǰ·ߡ
߾ǺˣȻҴʮˣȥҵܷȥպ쵶ӽ׵ӳˬ
һԣתͷȥһ۵ĳĺӣһ˫ǹֱֱʮͣϸһѿԷ˸ſ־֮ɫ
ͷţͷĻһͷЦѣҡҡͷʮˣǣôͷֻҴûҵ˵һȺصӵΪܣȴû
һȺһһгǸţɶһšбпЩһٱ¶ɱͳ˳Ҫɱһڡ
һһԶ߰λҲ˿⣬һץһһɳһ󶣵촫ǷŻɱ߰ͷվܶʮ⣬ǲΧ
ã֣ҿܰǻͷԵһ֪ĳɽկѧĺڻתҪߡ
ֻһôȥһηУ߻ûĶ㽣סаҪȥǽ⣬һֻ̾һҽдǶϸ첲Ƕȣ˿ٲҶ
ǰ뽫ֵôǧҪһֵʮǧΪʵѽͷǰ֮ɫ˵
һҡҡͷҲնħҲɱǣֻǼ⣬Ҫǰæ
ͷһ㶣ûͷԵæͷӦʮ߸ҲҶͷ
һǣˣʲôصڣصĶ
һôһʻæһԼ˵ʱ䣬ԭʮǰص̽ʱǼ˳ڱ̲³
صںصĶһ˼Σ˵һһڶУ˹ЩûйϵģڵóʮĿڡƷĸصط
һѭһĽܸ˹ȥƷ֮УһĴбǱƻ󷨺ģһ鱦ƬЩһ˵ȻҲЩôȴѰҵĶ
ĴڣͬҲˣȻЩ£ľ̴йأһɻǲԡ
տյľھŲ㣬һλʮɫʮѿƺڵȴСһ΢΢һȺŵһ
һͷЦȻһȺСҲ·ˡֻһαΪһȺæԽʡһЩʱ䣬û뻹ûãˣԼҰɣ
˼ƽϣһҪڡʱǻͷæеСһûϱһǴҪĶһ
һȻȻöԷҴҪǶվиϣҲã˵ͷȻˣ㽻ǴȥգˣǱһҲգ
ͷԸлɫЩƬ̣ŵǶС˶Ѩ֮УСǴѨʮֹ죬޷ͨòò仯ԭܽȥ
ԭ
һûв鿴Էʲô仯һ̫ϵشͫͫʩչʱͿһС
ԭһֻ󣡡


һ˶ ľ
ɼơڣС⡯С֮£Ҳ֮仯֮ͨĸԴ
Ȼִн磬ĴС仯ֶȻ˥䣬ȴҲУڽʱ֮Լϣ仯̬Сֶȴ޴С
ѰҪ޷ԽڣҪǽݹ٣Ҫǲڽӿռ֮УءֻǰҪͨʮϤҪиڱˡ
ڻĶѨһϤܻ⴩ԽȥճֻʹõڶֶΣֻһȴҪ˵Ρ˱ȻֻлһЩ֪֮ĻЩΡ
һƺȻ֪£ԹԵĿڵ߰ɣȥһ֣û·
ţ
һ㶣Ȼ˵ʲôǲΥһĻʹһǴڶȥ
û߶ԶľһƫָŵһӵС˶Ѩ档
ԣֹһʮλҲ¶м֮ɫƺڻ߼֣൱ֵĴڣȻϲѨ
ֻǻƺûЩĿ⣬Ľ𵱳ηôһأôҳôһ˿϶ھصڣҵصĶ
СԴӵõǶҹעԪ֦ҶïȻô⣡
֦Ҷï
һüͷһоһ˵ԼҪҵǶֻҲߴ٣ֻʾ·
ڱǰ仯ԭһα仯ȻЩԸҲ㲻ʲôˡҡһ䣬ҹ˸һͷ̵߳˶ͳ֣˶͵һȻС糤̣ǻ챾졣
ڻһָʾʱ˭֪ԹԵĵ˵ͷһֽҲһתһͼͻһС
ʶߣһҲһ̶תһתƺôҲ벻ͨʲôԴֶΣҪ֪˵ͨʿɵûӦܴͨ߶ȵı仯Ρ
һɲͨʿȻҲˣƿ̫ϵֶͨΣб仯֮Ҳԡһءܹͨ仯СҲ֮仯
ֻһͨ󣬲ôһ˼ʮҲֻƤëܹȴ޷ǿֶǲȫǻӡ˭һȴոպó
߰ɣСһס㿪ѡ
ԣת뵽һֶΣҲɣ֮ǰָһھһꡣһ״Ҳ˳Ƹȥ
һν롮󶴡УһǲͬĳǶ˸ɫʯ滹лƽ䣬һ˵ǻֶΡû뵽ԼûģȴŪʮֹֺ롣
ͨⱦȥһɫľڡһ㾧ڸһּ᲻ɴݵĸоһȻܹƣȴоʲôĶԱ֣Ȼɴ
һҲ⡮󶴡͸ȥԼĪʱ䣬һʱʢһĶӳ֡
͵һͱ仯һǼ򵥣һǴָԭָԭ˲䣬ĿѾ˳Żָǰһ
һڶľɸµһأ˺ϱϸӦһľڶľȴҫ̹ââ֮ǵҶչҶӵ״һһ۾Ϳ⵽ʲôľ
ȻȻľ
һһҵıľħŵжᱦ磬ʲô֡źԽԽ˽ⱦҪԣ֪ȻǷǷܵõһöӶر˵һ磬ʹ˿ʼᱦԴ
Ҫ֪Ѿһӵдеᱦ֮С˵һᱦΨһźľû㹻ıԴҪɣҪ֪ǧʱ⡣
һֱʮҪҵõᱦĸԴܽҵᱦܷڷͻƣڷһͷ
෬֮Ҳڽŵõľ̵ĿܡӶ뵽һľп»˵ûɾĺö
ֻ֮ǰڶﷱæ鲻ʱһ뿪磬ǧ궼һ׼һҪˣ˲ΪԽһеĸ֡
ڼһľ˵ǵóԸһǽⱾľΪܹΪᱦṩʮۺĻֱӴ꣬ǧ꣬ʹ֮ΪǧľЧһ㼶


һ ľ仯
һҵһľͷϲѣʱһԵĻСѯʵҪģ
һһЦǱ裬ãܺãǶ˴󹦣ҲҪһ·Ҫǡ
⻰ɫһϲһԥС˲Ҫ͡
һҵľĻҲЩȤʵŶҪͣҪʲô
ԣƬ̣µ˵ССҪ
ңһЩɻ󣬡㲻ǲŴӵصӳãòռɽΪڣΪʲôҪң
һ𣬺ԥǴӵصӳֻǲ̱𣬵صҲɢ˻ֵȻռɽΪȴҲȡòǵڻҵˣֵ飬ֻҪ㲻ȥʲôãԻ
һʱѾ˳һ׷׳ǣ͹
һҲȻһȺ̰ҲǺֺЦ֪ô硣ԷϾйֿͶϣҲ˵գ˵˼أͽӿռ֮Сй˳ȴҪ˸߲١
һȺ飬һתͷľҪֽľ𣬵Ȼطˮĸȥ̫ϵֵ˲䣬ȴһ㲻Ծĵط
ô£ľӦľΪᱦȻҲľȴ֮У֮ϣΪľĸΪʲôȻľϢ
ԭ׼ֽȡľȻľ˿ҪʹȴһɽľϢƺľڷΪǿҲЩܲסĳ
һ֪Ѷ˵ˣǿѡ辶ʼԿǷͨôͷһʹõȻǵ괫ľ̽ĵľ䡣
ľ䣬ľʼ棬һԪľԴ
̫ϻİڼһܹûһαһ⻯ľԪľĽƷ֮󣬻ľ䷨Ȼ˿û
һľ䷨ʮӴ󣬱һһ仯ʮͨͬʱʩչʲôľأϢͨʩչʱһƬҲ硣
һȫעһС仯ҲסһͨʩչΧľı仯۵סȻ룬ľʲôֶθľһôȻ֪ƽⷽȴҳ
һ֮ҵʺϵƽⷽǾáƻľƽ֮ƽ֮ӣΪԷһ׼áľֶΣ׼һͨľʱľ
˶ƣһ˵һ󷨾ƽ֣֮һץľ׼ֶתͿʼƽ
ò˵һԿ׿һľ̵ĸԴǡľ䡷һƿˡľ䡷͵ľ̵һ֡ʩչƻľֶƽƣνټ򵥲
̶ľϵı仯ͳ֮ǰʮͨԭ׸оľϢһȻԶٶڼ
һʱʱһգգաʱ䣬ľľѾ˽ӽһ룬ֻҪһʱһǿáƻľ֮ͨľ滻ľӶһ챦
ۼϵһ룬һͷϲ滻ʱ仯һɱ֮ǰܵǿٱһǰľϢͬһľӵеϢϢ֯һϢһϬޱȣǼӱһ赲Ѷȡ
Ҫ֪ľʲôĴڣǱˮĸӾԶǿȵǿʢʱҪǿţڽΪչޣ϶ĵõȻħ󶯸ɸ꣬ɼһߡ
ľΪľ̵֮أȻû꣬ڣȻȲˮĸԳɶ죬ˮĸ湬㲻һȫһѹȻﵽ죬ǱʵҲҪƵ
˵һľʱһͱѹô˲޽ǿ֧šֻǴʱѾˣҪܡ
ãû뵽ľľϵ˽ܣһֻ÷ŷעһܹľеıԴֻܼһʧܣ·Ÿһ


һ ߱
һԼŸΪעĺģһҲЩò⣬ֻԽԽصѹ֪òѡ
ҲգǳɹȻǺãʧҲ˳˼䣬Ҳڴ˴ϲúãֻǿϧû뵽ôôãûܶ׼һ
򶨼ƽϣһٲԥһŷͬʱߴ޽֮зŵӾ˳̨֮С
һȺŵӵļ룬ԭʮķŷʱĴȻﵽɽڵˮ׼ԭֻʶͨķģһȻ˰Ħʶ©֮ͨ⣬ͨչ
ȻΪʶͨͰҮʶͨǿд򿪣û£ͷŷۺԣѾ㹻һӴ̨߶ᱦڱҶ϶˸˿˿⻪ƺҪؼʱһЩá
ޱߣޱߣ
ȻŹһֻһ䡯ȴǷܸ٣ᣬЩһдҲʩչĵһ󷨡
һСһ֮ͨУǡ䡯ͨ·츳ͨһȻɡڶʱ֮ڣԳԼʹͨһ緢ưԹȥδ
÷𷨶ʮóһ͸ɴһʮֶΣһԶ緢Լľڶλᣬ֮ض
Ȼһһԣ֮η·Ӵ˰ٱ˫ӡأһƣϰٵʮͨ籡
Դ֮ͨͫ౦ľǿġղӳ侭͡зΪףСͨ䣬̨䣬䡭ҡ
Ҫ֪ǷŴܣеڣܹһͨʮСͨѾʮ˵áһͨʮСͨһɾ޺ҵλķŸҲĪ
⻹һû޷𷨵ԵʣбҶᱦ׽ôʦֻ֣Ҫһܴͨﵽһͨһ롣
ʱѾЩˡһзŷȥע䵽֮Уֻ赲ҲûСҲЩοһѡ
ֻ֪ʱϢʱлֶΣ޽֧ţȱ仯
ʱţһȥȥڵʱЩƣҪֿȥˡʱһӵľϴľһ⣬ȻҪȥ
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үǻˣūжүūܰ
ϺˣѾ֪ЩҲֲ㣬²Сģɴĸ׻ɢܵܺ͵öСһˣһҶᰲźõġ
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һչҴħһķ֮еõĸƷ㵱ëƳ뵱һ޶ֻΪֵֻܱڣǻǿֻˡ
һչȻʲôǸƷʲôħһ壬Լ뵱һ޶˷ܲѣæлתͷҶѣС޶üĿ֮дһֺ޸ҵۡ
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һ΢΢һЦ˿Ѿƶˮĸ̾һֵ̽߰ɣǸ뿪ʱˡ


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һһʻɫ˿䣬ΪǷʮһӷʩԲ죬ҵȷɱ¾ǱҪħ֮ԽǰɱʩҲʩΣʩıǡ
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С׵˽ˮĸֱرգڳɼжһ˿̰֮ɫҪ֪֮Ƕõһܹһ磬ǵõĺôԽɾ磬պٲͨ˿ɱȡ


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÷ļҵף
һʱɼͷͬʱӿͷԭǼڴȴΪնɱһħһҪΪ˻޲TУΪ˾Щһ׽õˡһ̣һ˿̰ͷӿ
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һһǽƣڳ˾һףҪ־ħ˵飬ԵƷħȵٴ
־ħȻҲ˳һ֮ն񣬻רŽҿԼ˰̣־ħּö֣Ϊһ־˵һ˵ʵʱħ׾ٴ飬ͽմص
־ħƣһͷЦҲҪ־ħ֤ЩһӣЩͷ˵ùʱѿ͸һ
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ȻǴСϵģͻһȺСиϺҲǲԣѾҴᱦ֮У̨һ岻ֱ˴ˡοǷڵȺУڹҪȥµʱ׷ɱľͲֻ⼸УһȺˣǵòʧӦм䣬ͶһҲΪȡһʱѡ
һļһʮһЦʦԭΪ¶⵹ǼˣҲͽһڸɮΪҽ𷨣ϴˢ飬Ȼʦ룬Ȼ黹ֻЩ㣬˵һ黹һȺħͷͶֻɱǲ編ʦҸЩħͷҾͽͽһڸɮԼǷһһ
ʦȻв֮⣬ҡҡͷʩ޲ħŵĸϵҷ޹أɮֻܱ֤Լ֣ħ̬ȴǲܱ֤ˡ˵䣬һʾС
һ仰ͽԼժȥһħ֮ʰо֡һͷȺħͷѡ
ħ֮ħ֮ܣ˳Ҳżħʹһɫ֮˲䶯Ȼ״һΧ롣
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һȣħͿʼһħ֮岻ݣƬ̾ͽһ룬һɻɫⷢһƬƬռɫ֮С
һУһ֪һΪ󷨣룬ռݵһСһʬ޴棬˵һˣ޽򣬽ӿռе˶ˮĸе˶⡣
һУ໥һۣ̾һҲò˹Ǵ֮Уʼһͼڿռ価֮ǰһնɱƷ
ħҲ׷׷˽ȥһսڲ⡣ֻǾһթ֮Ȼ濴֮ǰûʲôʵȴ


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ֻһƬ⻪ҫ·һƬռ䶼˻ƽׯϸûʴһ̺ѪƣֻһƬڤ⣬ɭֲ
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ԭ֮ǰ׼ʹ̫鲽һȺɵ־һͻƿڱŻ˳ȥ˭ҲҲԼ˭֪̫鲽Ѿ֪һϽҲɵԷħһ־ѹˣʩչĻᡣ
˵ǶԸ֣ͬһ취ˡһȺ֣ÿһ֮ϣһѡĴ򷨣ûŤתսֵֻ֧ܿš
ʱ޽Ѿȫ򿪣ħҲͶעͨҲޱܻʩչΪ߽⼸ѹҲסս֣Ҫֱ̣ȵ컹ѡ
һħţŲҲ֪ҵֶΡȻɼѹҲҵˡֻҿɲײ档ˣǾֻЩʱãԺҲòˡ
һһתסѹͬʱһץ޽֮зɳһһĽɢħȻһץ񣬵һֱûнڻ뷴һֻΪΪ̫ߣһ޷ǿ½ƣű޽֮У֮Դ
ɢħץͷƬԣʱϲæеħħˣСӴӣħ˴ѽСӣˣħ٣
һкǹһ˿Ц˭֪أ
˵䣬һֱĽɢħüģ޷ɢħоãЩˣʲôңҿΪ飬֮ذ
һһ˳ƽס̧һףͽ䶪ļз֮СһһöըӦ
ɢɢħȻɽûгɹڶ֮лȴ˶ɽٸ֣ΪһĴڣֻ֮¡һʱչɢɾĻۣһǿƥľ˷ȥ׵ľǷħİ
ɢħһɸȫһ룬ʱͽⱾ໥俪һ϶
һﻹһһС̫Ρͬźۼ϶֮УҪͻơ
ֻħ˫ô׾ͰѣǾ̫Ϸһ벻˲ϢħߵǣȻסһȥ·
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һжƣȻһϧڶĸּ佫Ľٵɢħ˳ȥһ˲䣬۵ĺֱײٴνֿ
ãߣߣߣ
һһ̫鲽־ʩչƾ磬֮䣬Ʈ죬Ȼͻƣͻ˽һΧ
ʱԭխķ϶Ȼһûعʱһ׹⵱ͷ¡æӽ񵲣һ޽һһЩ׽޽
ħ𣬹Ȼ㣬СӹȻԼҪ˴ãܺáһλȥһΪͣҽ׽ãЩͺ¿ˡСӣ޲TУ౦ﶼҽֻء
Ӱħ˭ˣֻ֮ǰͬһֱͣںħ𿪿ڣɱħǵħɱħʵԶ־֮ϡ
һħ·ͷЩ㷣ټħЦݣʱҪԼٻ޲TħֻԼȥٻͷֻܿЦѡ
ħ𣬸оз֣һ˿壬̧һףһöɫ쵵У־ͳħ˹ȥ
磬ҪҪ㣡
ɫ쵵ӣɱħҪ֣һ䣬ٸоǾɫŨ֮ʱˮĸ죬̧־Ҫȥӡ
ֻһõ⡮졯ɱħ˳ľҪһ̣ɫʮѿеľɫӣ֮ͬһ㣬һ˦֣ȻҪ
ħ־ħ֪ʲô˺ԥľͳȥһһɳ֮ǰɢħһը籡˺˷ħ֮ķ϶ڽһȺħԼķɢȥ


һһ ٴαץ
һըһǸ˴ǮǼɢɣÿһǿԳƷĴڣըȥڽһɸ֮һ档
һ͸ݳˣǵ񻨷ѴѺ˵С硣һϴԵСʹãȻƿ˵ɸֶҪͷѪ
ҲԼ棬ɱħ֮ˮĸ죬׽ӹһұը
һǿޱȣȻڽһȺɼָ𣬵ܹǶٴһЩƣһһ·ӳ졣
̤̫鲽ߴһŭһͷȻ۲ѣȴ⡣ǰСϣѾûжƿԴˣ׼һ˦һһɼ鱦ͨ
ɼ鱦ֻͨһӰ죬ˮĸɾС磬Ҳ飬һϢ˽һ죬СףƷƵϴ߶ͨ߿֮ϡ
λɼϵ죬ǲΪһ׷ɱ֮ѵĻᣬȻ̣Ҳͨĺ
һ죬һƬ֩Ƶƿʼڣͨһ֮鿪һ˿̫աϢԭ羹Ȼմ죬ֶΡ
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ӷʩ
ħ֮Ӻ洫׷ˡֻһķôۣôϾʹ˷ȻһЦץͨЯ˾ͳ汼ȥ
޾̫ա֮в淽򣬱˶п·һʱҲܲô࣬ͷͳһɱȥһʹ̫鲽ǼԦͨϾ̫鲽У·Ͳˣͨ˺߶Ϊʡȥһ
ͨɼ鱦Ȼûзſȫܣ·˿̫鲽˶٣ವһ¾ʹǧ
ħ޷ƾٶ׷ϣֻܲʹôŲֶһǰ档ֻǴŲпռ䲨һһӦתҲ׽òá
㣬һǰӣλħں׷֪жԶжãӹĴС粻һٸһǿվͳһǰ
һƬһԺ֮ûаӡ󡣵ͬʱһȺħȴɫʮֲÿ
ãСӾȻӵϷȸʮɽĸǴȥȻЩķˣǲСĿ֮ա
ʱ˿̣ǲиңҺʩչϵߵ󷨣Ųƻ׽˾ߡ
ԣ±뵱ϣЩвѪǿޱȣҲֲ˺ã
ãħϵߵ
ħʱȻʩչ󷨡Ҫ֪һ˼Ǿ֣˺֮ǿܹߵǬ
һԦͨȥһ˲⻪һȻһɰ֮˹ȻǿгŲλáλħѾΧ롣
Сӣû뵽㻹ȱɼ鱦ǿɼ鱦ħֻһѹˣСӾȻһðð㲻޲TУҲ´࣬㹻ǻȥˡ
ӷʩȷʵԵֻ;ⶣҷԷ𷨻⣬ܹڼ֣ɾʹϲ
УҲҪ˵ϱڶ࣬ħžҪһɼ鱦֮ӦģҪǶ֮ΣǷҪľ˿ںͷӦúʡĶз䣡
ķߣҲûһ˿⣬໥˿΢΢ͷȻͬķ䡣
һͷп಻ֻѵĻֻһΣٱץҪٴοըϼˡ
ģƴˣǿͨػһֻƿնȥһ
ߺһԸ˶ԲߣһҲ֣Ǻ޵ߵʹԪ޽һ˲ͽ޽֮ԴɵȳΪˣ֮ԴһѪ
ɵһȻһ֮ҲоѸСһҲܲô࣬Ļˣһ˲侹Ȼħѹס
ֻվãƬֱ֮˻ûͻΧ޽У֮Դѹȵĸɸɾ
д鵤Ӧ¼ɽٸֶҪһ롣ˣƽ޽һҲټޣƺҲ޷Ϊṩˡ


һŶ ɽ٣ͻ
£ǼȥֻбȻˣǺͬھ
һܣͨС׵ȶȻ֪ԼܣһǣҪҧ¶˾ġ
ּ䣬СץԼԣһ϶˫죬ȵϴ𵤾أһһתתɣ
ħּԣһһŨ֮ͷһ˲䣬Ǿ֪һʲô
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٣СֻǺΪô٣
ȴпܣӵõϢǿСһƬΪǴս£Ҳˣ
ӷλʩ٣ǽҷŲٽڴ֣õҷԵ
ߣΣҿСξˣһҪһͬɽ٣ô֪Ѿҵλ˼֮ˣ˼Ľٷôܽٵͷ
˼ٷմ޺֮ʩƲɣѣ׶༪ˣ
һȺɵ࣬ȻԾһûеĵ˼ֻ˺һɽ١
һһпУͷЩʧ䣬ܹ˶ɽ٣ʮĽҲпѣɵֲɽ٣͵ǰʯͷԼĽˡ
ãܺãȻһܽϣһһҾͲôǿ˴ڣȻ췢֡
ħ콵ޱߣʶͨ
һʱ䣬һͬʱ߶ħ䡯͡䡯ȻҪ˫˫ءһγ֮ǰˮɣ׼ֲͬǿƹأνޱȡ
һ˲䣬ͷ˽𵤺ڰ׶оӰ׷ֳһը죬֮еڶħѸᣬƹأһ˲䣬ͷ˲ʮ
ɱ־ħ𿴵Ӷǳ˼ĺ޲TУû뵽Ѿһĵز
ǾӨ͸ȴ·װӣԼ֮ϵľط⣬ʮСͯ⻷Ҳڵ
һ̣һ죬ط֮УرǻһȻʶͨķʽ򿪣һɹΪͳķ𷨴ھѡһ̣ԭԱرܵĽҲһ
һ˲䣬ɡħͬʱؽҲͬʱ֣׽ٵϢȻ߰ٱ֮ǿﵽ˼ǶɽڵһؽҲˡ
оһɰĽϢɼҲЩɵˣ˫۶׽һ̣Ǹо׽֮з·һ˫۾סǡ
ã̫ǿȻαװҪǷĹ
ӷ𣬷𷨻ӳ
Ȼһ룬ؽѾԿ쵽һȺħֵڡֻæ˱ܲ˵ϼӳηԼϡˣٲҷֻԶԶһɽ٣һҲҡ
һͷϧ˵ûнһȺɼֶɽ٣סǵԼɽȫʵ˵ҲһͻΧĻᡣ
ŸǺϣʱҪ׽٣һȫʼ׼ĶɽֶΡֻǾʱһ˿Σյĸоӿͷ
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һĽһϸȥ֮һɫ׵ˣһаЦ⣬Ȼ׽ٵӰͳͨϵС׵
һʱ׽ϢǣáֻСǿֻͨ˾ȻҲһɼ֣ûܷȫܵͨ֡¾ͱɢͣСףƷƣ̣ߴӶ˦˿ȥ
״С첲ͨȥһ֣ͨסһ־ͳСץ
С׺ͺƷһһңԱﵽ񼶱Ϊ鱦ȻʱɽսɵֵסԷƣɢԶŮļ̣ߴȥ
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ǧһʱ̣һ׹֣ɵСͻأĳǹɾ֮ǰɵ֣ν뻯С׵ǰ棬аһЩȻΪצһѾͽСץ֮С


һ Ԫ
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ҲСοܣɽһץУתͷеͨͼ֡
һɣռһˣںƷı֮Ҳ᧿Σ
ۼһץץһУͬͨҪСһdƾֵסһץ
תͷԶԶһƬ⣬ЦһȺͺ¿Ȼհʮɽֱǲ֪αɲǾȡ˺ô˵
˵䣬ɻһץͽǅdִƣd֮󰵲صħֶҲһ顣̽һץҪͷ˾׽á
ʱһ֮¡ͬ죬ȻһץӡƣҲһͷƳһƳֽ֮µһмһЦٲҪٽ֮ǰе֡
ֻʱ¡¡֮Уһŭȴȥɣ
˵֮ˣһСױץҲ̲סȻʩչ̫ϵУͨһһͨԪ
һԪʥĴͨϹʱ롮˾ת෨Ųֻ̫ϵһֵڶ֮ʽʼ
һҲ޽𵤣֮ȻûоҲ㹻϶֮أѽŴûпǡ
һΣΪԮȳСףҲܲˣת𡮻Ԫķ׽Юٳɱ˹
ɱҲһ˹Ҫ״ɻңͲ⡣һ̣һȴоһ˿вΪģһͷҵףЩ
Сӵʲô֮ܽӳּһȻܹǿ󹥻ܵĴǿʮϡѵΪЩ֮ҪƴɡǺεôܸСƴץһֻС֣ҲûⱾɷɻ֮żϼһȻֵЩȴȫ٣
Գɵɸ֪һڣԾʹ˵һȥ˵˼һڵɱһȻʧٶ֮죬̫鲽֮ϡ
һһ˿գȻȳǣȴٲС׵ӰʶһɨҲûаϢʱһֲָĵ׵ŭ𲪷һХȻ׽٣ʹһƪ̫գƱɫ
ʱħּôȥַٵĸӦãʱ˴뷨ͬ˾ͳһ˹
һΪСױץһ˼ŭǣƽѾɥʧ˴룬һȺϼһʱСҲᱻץһʱ䣬ŭͻƿڡ
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һ̣һҲ˲ֻͨһζĽԪ߶ƾһɹɵ׽֮ԼڣսͬʱԼһԶͳɼֺȥ
ɼֱΪһǵĶ֣һǾ͸оԾʲôʿѾһ١
ǿɶطɽٻǿ˼ˡȴǷһһУתԪת׽ĹǶò˱ᡣ
ֶΣȻܹ׽֮ΪԼֱû
ǰֶΣǵ޲TħûУȻ⻹޲T֮ϡ
ԣǿĴУǵõһܹɻڴɽǲڽ£
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ȴ˵һʧȥǣתԪ׽֮׷ɱɼ֣ȴǶĿպͬʱԶԶһеļ١
ȭͷеС׽㱻ץˣֱһȺϼһΧɺ㣬ɱȥЩһɱˣҲô鷳
СױץƷǵݺͱߵģæסƵˣҪͷѾܣΪ֮Ӧսһȳָֻܹܹһ⡣
ɫʮѿҡͷʦΪʦﱻץѾɥʧǣβܻѹأ
˶ʱһĪչȴڶʦλʦʦ㣬һеͨԴ֮ʦԺ֮УֻҵĹֻܴһΣȴܱ֤ܹʦҪʦ𣬻Ҫҳıߣѡ񵽵״ʲôȥ
⻰ٴüܹṩһλᣬҲһΣʧܣǽԶ
ڴ˼״ʲôϢʱ򣬺ƷƿڵͽʦﱻץĻٴδʦԶЧ
⻰Ҳ׷ױʾͬ⣬˻֮¿ʼ߶֮һСױץĻ档
֮һȣһѪȳɫò԰ףȴϲ֮ɫҲѾ洫ʦ𡣡
⻰һٿһֻܾ仯ֻʱ仺ţһѾ˵׽٣˿ûлظǵ
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ۼһ׽£һһϴһ˲䣬һƬ̫Ѫɫ
ɼҲ̲ס֣ʼһѣħצӡѪɽַͬʱŷ໥ȴҲͬʱһץȥ
ۼѾһҪЩֶ֮£ȴһʱʱŷȻȻը죬ҸӹǣԴһ
һ̣Ŀ֮УһƬ׹˸˷ըɢȥһ˲佫Щ
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ܣô
Ĵ׽٣˵ҲҪˣ壬ҲҪзϡ
ԣҸɴɱٷսƷɣ
ħһô౦Ѿ뷨ôˣһ飬ʱڷħͬ⣬ٴңͬʱ֡
һγ֣û֮ǰ໥ײ໥໥ǿ֮ǰһǿֹֻһ뷽һ㣬һ׹һըȻһɼֵĹ
ֹɼȷһǵûʲô仯ȻܹĲ׽֮Կǡ
ҲҪ֣ɱ
ӷʩǰְɣ
Ѿ˺ƤһҲֳױȵǱǶȹ˵ն֮ܣԲԲױƵħ𣬻ǱԵķٿ׷ʩչҪһնδȻ
ʱһһֱʹͷ­͵̧һ˫ӣտյ·һܹע⡣
ּ䣬ԭڣΪԴȪ޽¶ͬʱҲ¶׹⣬ڰաԪת켣ֻ֮׹֮Ҳֵס׹֮¼ǽ̿״ļ
򷨣⣬ħ⣬⣬⣬Ԫ棡
һ벻Щ󣬿³һ䲻֪ǷǸҥ޽һǿո˼ֻҪһ˿֮ĸֿʼڻһɹ뽣֮Уһɹڡ
ЩڣʼɿĻָĵ׹һ޸ͬΪ
һƲǡԪתǻѵħֶΣǳ֮Էࡣ
ֻһҽдתۼһħŸ֣һŸ֣һɹʼҪ֪ЩͶǷڸ֣һһţһܣһУȻȼϣƷ
ɼУʱһħͷħͷħ֮ħһǿնĿɨУһʱ֮䶼оһ


һ ǿͨ
ӷʩѾħħδͷаѭʦʱɰڳһŴȱģھȰ⣬ƺ˷ҪɱһҲһ
⻰ħħʱףʦһ߻ħĻᣬÿʶʩչ֮һƭţһһкôҪС
ģҪͺ¿˵ħǡħǽħ֣ħ򣬽ضΪһħɱħҲ÷רǰҲȰ˵
һʱ֮䣬߶Ȼչһ˵ԵĺȰ˵һͶһǷҪǾͲö֪ˡ
˫۵ʱһϵĮһ˿Ц⣬һ˿˹Цʱڡ
ɣǷ𣬻ħҲ죬οЩҡͣģձţһһֻĲѪϴݣ
⻰ڣǳıŰѪȣȻһ߻ħĿϢҲ˵һѾǣ׶Դҡ
ĲѪϴݡ߸ֵʱһȺħһ˲䣬֪Ͳһ뷨һ̣Ƕ뷨֮Ժ󣬽һٴε޽ǲι̵ͬˡ
һ֪Ҫٴζ֣֮ЦһȻڷħ֡һ޽һ޽һǰԾĽһǿĽ߶׹⣬ȻһתԪӳֵͽ֮
һ״׽֮ĹħЩ裬ɲȡ֮ǰ˱ĵֶΡ
Ȼ⽣ͽ󶼰Եǿޱȣ绹ԭĳ̶ϣһתԪ˽ת֮⣬̫鲽ͨûа취ãԱ˵Щϼ޻ļһÿպ˲
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˽ֽ֮䣬ҽֻͨ
һ֮аԪһٴһΪ˫һϣԭһ򷨣ͨԵ֮·޽Ǵһ򷨣ͨʥ֮·޽Ȼʼں
ͨǸֵͬͬͬܣͬһһ壬һҪͲòи򣬴ͷ
һΣһȻǿںϵֶΣ׷Դ׷ֵͬܵĸһ֣ﵽͨ£֮ͨ
ȷţǷԪ׷ѰȷҲֱӵİ취˵ǵ񣬱Ϲʱ򣬶ϷΪֱӰ취ʹûһ˵ܹͬʱͬԴȴ֧֮ͬ
統̫ǾתųƾʫɵҲǷͨͨ򣬲ſ֮ͨ
һȴˣ˷֮⣬ȴҲһЩơһΪСױץ֪Ϊ׽£֮Уʹ͵һĵزڽ֮ѪԲһҲ޵Ľӽٽ㡣
֣ѾΪ춨ֱͨ׷Դĸټϣǲͻƣ¾ȹ׽֮֮ɢȥû˿ֿһҲҪħնɱƬ
ֻ˷죬Ҫһ͸Ͳܡ׽ٻѹҲһʱͽҲֻӽ֮Ѱһͷһɲ
Ȼͷ㲻׼;ϣŭһ̾ͿʼǿһЩȻʼʹ޽޽ʼںϣʱһӰĸС
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һɸһ˲䴥֮ͨżֻ֮֮ͨͨͨϣ֮ϴô׾Ͳ͸ͨͨĵĸмҵĸо
ȻˣǾһЩɣ
һȣһٴתԪʼ׽١
һȺħԶԶĿһĻٴε֪һڳأʲôǿطҪֹһΪ
Ǳ׽֮ȴûҪ֣໥֮䲢εĹϵǲգԼ˼˱ˡ
ڵȴȴһɹʧܵһֻ̣Ҫһ̣ǷͻϮ˵þܽһ鷳


һ ˣ
ʱɿţ׽ٱĸɾһܿ˵ڰ׽٣ϳ˫ؼ޵ͬʱԺ֮֮ͨĸ򽥽͡
޽бһȺ²Ѿնɱ˾ųɣʣģĹ֮⣬Ǽһ߽׵ɢɸ֡
Լͬ飬£һһɻң궼һ㡣⼸ɢɸھˣҲ˲ϣģԼһĸȡ
ֻЩħοΪ˾ǣʹԼܵ˺һǲܷǡܵڰ׽ٰʼƻٶȳ޸ԥɢɣԪʼָں󽣵⾳
һ֣ﲻơһģԴ桭һͨءԭˣԽͨԽ֤ԣˣ
ڵڰ׽Ҳĸɾھ׽ٿʼڵ˲䣬һѾ˫ֵ޽ͽںΪһһֳĸоӿͷһ˲䣬͵Ŀָ仯¾⡣
һ˲䣬һͷӿһ˿ǹһ˿Ц⣺ˣۼãϣ޽޽޽޽򣬶߷ֿһޣʵϵᴩ鱦޽޽֮䡣
һĳˣҲˡ֮ͨżͨ񡯣ͨġӴ֮Կ롮֮ͨͨĻϣʹáͨ񡯺ͨ͡ġã˵һɣʫӿ㡣
һȺħЩҧгݣһ׹˸ǻǲö֣ǻڴǿҲѵһ׽ܹһ˽һ鷳
ֻǼȻһ֮ͨҧô²һεĽȻͲ⡣
Ҿɣ
һȣһջص׽ãѾȫĹ鸽һȺɽٸּ֣䣬ʣµļ٣ɢɷ׷ը飬һɲ˼İԪ޽֮С
Ҫ֪ɢѾǽӽɵĴڣȫޣԪɣ԰Ԫ˻Ҫǿ֡
޽һ˽ϵϵ˫ޣЩԪ˿ĶûУһԶͶһڡ
һԪһ׽֮һתԪЩǼ֮Ҫűˡ
ȴ׼ʼע޽޽֮Сһʱ䣬޽ͽɽپ鱦磬ڿΪҪһ⺮һ޽ؽӰ䣬ڤڤ֮һɳһƬصζɢ
ħų˫Ҳǳһһжƿ֮УŽɼ鱦ûоɹϴ񡭡ܳΪɼ鱦಻ǰ鱦ǣ
Ŀ֮Уһһöӡһɶʹ⻪û޽СѾҫĽȻǿ⻪һ˿ɡζ𣬷·ףһλ˵ĵһ̣޽ڳɼ鱦Ĵڡ
һĻһȺħоʲôˣǶǳɹ棬򡣰ճ˵鱦Ҫɽ鱦Ҫ׽ϴ񣬶ɼ鱦Ҫɹҫ
Ȼɹֻһλ˳ɹŻ֣ȴ֮٣Լܹ֮һʮֲҪϴһɼ鱦Ҫʮλ˵Ľɹ⣬ǴʮĴǲܴ롣Ҳˣɽ鱦ɼ鱦ȴ˼䡣
Ȼһռɹ⣬Ǵӵ춴ͿʼͨǳѰɼ鱦ͨɹ⣬󲿷ֶ붴֮УҲȡ١˷ѾҵλɹѰ˵İٱһȡһ֣㹻޽ɼ鱦֮
޽ɾɼ鱦޽һԵ΢ƽһЩɢѪ׽ٵĶ죬зɽһ㡣޽Уĵһ˵űɽʼ飬ʺ޽鱦
һ仯޽ܹɵʱʮֹԭͽӽɼֵĲ㼶ٴα½ƾ㹻ɸִſ˵ףվǼƾһ޽һݺµʸ
ʱһȻ̧ͷܣĿɨħ֣ƺڿһ㡣ֻ׹⣬һ˸֮ʧԭء
ѾŵһȺħɫ͵һ䣬æʩչֶνԼ롣ֻƬ֮󣬻ûһӰһڡ


һ ӳ
ãҪӣ
һ˲䣬ħʦͬʱعζתͷȥﻹкƷƵˣͬͨʧ
ɽ֮һԪĴѾǿ֮ĩֻҪǿĹԪľ֮أܵһָΪޱȵĴ
׷
ӷ𣬷ޱߣԵŭлնħλʦֵܣʩѾħǲݺ˼䣡
ʦּ⣬նħ
һȺħֺܿҵһѵķ򣬿ʼٴν׷ŲΣǱоһϢԼŨҵ׽֮
СӣӲˣǰţ˭͵Ϯ𣡡
ɱħɱأǰоһɱϢͻأ֣ͷ⧲֮䣬ַֻܻųħ֮
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һк޻Уȴ̺֮ͨζֱ̹ͣڵһҲһ㣬̼䣬顣ۼǽҪɱħš
߾͵Ϯңɱ쵶ѿգƻģУȱˣ죡
ɱħ¶ɼֵּ̣䣬һԲ䵶֣ߵÿһ߾磬뽣֮ͬ
һ󶣵죬ɱħȫ߷һСɱȻƿһɱһ֮һǹһ˿Цһٴʧ
ɱħȻͷȴҲһ˿⡣˵֮ǰһǻһָǷһѾȫӣҲƴһǵظﵽȫʤԼҪױնɱ
뵽Ȼһ͵Ϯоʮּ֣ɱħ˶һۣᶨԼնɱһ˼
㣬һٴһ·ߡȻܴŲƣһȺɼÿÿ׷ҲһδεķʣһȺħ͵Ϯʱ裬׷
㣬һ׷һӣ׷µʱ䣬һٶڼ͵ϮˡһȺħֶ²һ׽֮ľûеֻֿ֮Ϊ֮ǰһ֮Ƕٳ˿û˸ͷ
ȴ֪һʱ׽֮ĴǴʱҳ֣ʮа˾žܵ֡
νݼŵģһһرӵٲäĿģ֮ǰϷȸĶλѾŰյλãһѵķڣ̫ʼ֮棬Ҳ̫ϵڵλá
һף˳֣һǹһ˿ЦǧҪﵽ̫ʼ֮ڣϧԪľɽܲݣòǳ֣߶ͨ·ˣ
⻰Ʒͬʱ˵ͷһھѪͨϡһʱ䣬ͨһھѪɺ⡣һɺ⵱һȻЮһ˾ͳ̫ʼ֮ɱȥ
һķħּоȫͬһϢʱһһ̣ǶعζǲûдһѾĴˣʱ׷ɱϺʱ
ƽʩչһǿմŲƾ׷ȥ˵ؾ̫ʼ֮治ǧռ䷨ܵϹŷӰ죬ǿƣֻʩչѰƿ֮һŲƾͻᱻ׵̫ʼ֮ľ֮УΪɼҲ
õǣͨȻһһƣֻǱѪϲó·Ա˵˦ǣ׷
ۼ̫ʼֻ֮ǧľ룬ٶ־ħѾ׷ͨﲻȾɵ˵ֻһ̽־׽
ۼ־ħӶħצץͺƷɫɷףڼ̣Լߴæų˫̫Զһ֮£˵ǵֵһ涼ûе
ʱĿͨϵһ˫Ŀ֮â֮򶼻һ⣬˲Ϣ֮һ򵥽ħצȥ
Сҿ
־ħһ޼Ҳ¼˵һȺһģ˺ķԪȻӲӲȫץһը죬⾡𣬶ħצվɵͷץ
С飬ʱʱ
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һһȣűһϤشһ̣ħצ֮£޳֣סһ̣һתͽħצ飬ƣԪɢ֮䡣
ۼţ⻪ɢȥһӶֺ룬·д֮ƾʷĹȺһ־ħ֮䡣


һŰ ̫Ϲ
̫Ϲ
Σʱ̣̫ϵַһֵġ̫Ϲ֡Ԧ̫ϹС顣һƷ޲һɣ켶һ֮ʱԽѰɣ־ħһбɱħצĥ
ħΪ̫Ϲͻأֶе𾪵ʱһݹӡ̫Ϲз˳ͨϣ͵һһǶС顣
СݼˣŲ޸ΪԼԦ̫Ϲһ̫Ϲ˱ݺҲˡףˣô£˭㣬Ȼ˵أ
СһֱǸ룬̫Ϲ޸ȻҪһ˵˺һŷһˣɫˢľѿһ˫Сȭͷħ֮УȻͳҪɶ
СŭߺߵľҪݡ̫ϹǺɱȥȴһڽסС飬Ȱǽ̫ϹȻٶԸǡ
Դ̫ϵʧһСΨһˣӡԵԼٷŭһĻС˵Ҳּ⣬æסһ̫ϹһƬ׹ҪһС
һȺħȻǲ֪̫ϹһڡȴоʮǿԼƲһУ˵þӳ졣
뵽һָȫԼ˽ҪһǿĵˣһȺħҲɣȻĬʩչҪһء
ֻһǺϻС鲻мһЦּ䣬֮ǰֵӰĦٴγ֡
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⻰ԥĳһţͷǣȷ׷ɱٶȷɶݶȥ
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Сղѵʱ򣬶̫Ϲ˵һڿڣС飬ҪǣȫϷȸӪСס
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̫ϹٶȱȲһȫɶݣΪСԭܹһʱʩչһδŲ֮Ϸȸڣʱ뵱ӳ൱
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ֻǼˣܵ˺ҲǻԵģǽѹ׵Ʒ鵤óҲ̶ָ̻̼£˵ǻָֻǿбסٶ񻯣Ҫָȫûиǲˡ
ֻСδ˼ޡϷȸ֮ͿʼƾС֮޵ĸӦʼѰ


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ϷȸʵϹհհ޴󲿷ֶʮɽУϷȸȻˣڼû֣徫һǣԳһּ̳ϹŵĻϵͷΧҲϷȸ򻹱հ޻ʮɽ
һһΪѰС׵ټȸȻС̫Ϲɼֶ£νһɽһɽߣ⡮̫Ϲ̫ۣʱȺΧ˵ðһǾͺĪ
һܼ֮ٲѡԦ̫Ϲ֣ߴ֮һһ壬Ʒɶݵ棬αװȸ壬š̫ϹǸӦС׵ڶȥ
ʮɽʮǣǧΪͶڶɽ٣Խ룬Խǿ˵ΪڵǷˣǾͲöֻ֪һ˴Ϣ֮Լûçײȥ
ν϶ҧ̫Ϲ켶ΪλһµɶŰʮǾֻռϷ磬ӵʮ¾Щ׽⡣˵ɣ֮һһٸɳ֣̫Ϲ¾Ҫɷ顣
ȸ˽Խ࣬һ˾ԽС¡ȸһС֮ϵҲԽԽͬͨԵòԼϢĶԱȣҲ˵ֵǺųɵɸ֡
Ȼ֪䱾ʲô仯ȴ֪ٶƣϢӦøһǷһ壬ʲôݾ֪ˡ
ȻȷĿڣһһ˾͸ֱӵǹͨ󣬴һ˲һϵĸӦһͷ
һ˿һ˿ᣬһ˿һ˿ûڣٰǧС״ʱ顣С״ݹϢһֱǰȫްһŸҷٶ׷Ѱȱ仯Ҳɵһ
ɻС飬ת̫ϹĿ
Ȼתһææ˻̫ϹС¸һЦһ㣬͵ش߶̫Ϲವһʧڴλáһ仯ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ЩСʲôûзӦ
һ磬ռݳΪȻ࣬ȴҲͨʱ˵Ϊ඼ݵأҲҪҪغԽǽ룬ͨķ޷
һգһƬ־ԭƺ˵ɵõһϽҪѪ֮Ͻ磬ϽɹΪǳصá
Ⱥ£˭ҲԸŹ˵ǣǳص˶ܹ񣬲׼ӭɽ
һУ俪ʼ࣬ͼһϿշɹ⣬ɹⲻͬ˼˿ԭʼҰԵĸоȻɵĽɹ⣬еġ
һɹ²ãȻջأһӰУ˵Ѫ֮ˡһ̣컨ϼǵÿһ㶼ǻ۵㣬ŨޱȣޱȵЩʲôƷʯȲϣֻмƷʯǽȼ硣
˵̶һɲǣ֮оһƷʯɵʯꡣȻڶ࣬ټÿõһЩôǰ׿Ϸ׵úôҲԴϲ
ֻЩôɵõıͲ̫Զʱһǹɫһ˿ڽ֮ϣϡѪּˡ
һһ飬ùдһЩõĻҪȴһһ֣ϵһɲƷ׵Ϣ
ѪйͲð̫ˣΪٶȸǳɱ̫ҲᱻϵôΧϵļϹŶ֮⣬Ҷһȸ¡ڹͲϼصһЩͨţҲûʲôôȽҷɣһݹ;ҵʱʱֽ಻Ҫϼһһأʱôѹң
ţǸǸһɽͨʱһһΣյζͷһ
ٶȡʤеΣյһɲǣ̾˿ȥһǧ֮⣬ͬʱһ챬촫
ͷȥֻԼƽĹۡѾʧȡ֮һԲӡȻһԼҲҪ֮С
ǰһ̻ڷĵ֮Уһ̾Ȼ˽ϳƣ˭ûѾ˷ŭһ˭ҹ
ƺһȣ֮Уһ˳һ


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㣡ˣһ
С
һŭһȴǸʮĮһ仰ƺϳС֮⣬һ޹ϵ
һ㶣ҧгݵСӣԭʥŮϧһ֮Է㣬ΪʥŮҪһСʥŮȻ죬ҲܲңҪôɱ㣬ҵ⣡
ʥŮ죡㽫СôˣһҲЩԣ뵽ڸӦʧһ̣С״ǸȴԶƵȼŭ
һЦСӣıˣҿǹԼɣ챾ɾҪʬΣͷ֮ޣ
˵䣬һͳһһצԣͬ䣬һͷץ¡
ǿʮɸ֣֮ǿһץǺŭǱץʵһõ֮ҲҪץѪ˵ڼƵ
ֻһץһɫһĮҲƣֻǵ˵С飬ְɣ
˻һɻ֪ʲô˼һ̣һǰһ޶Σн٣һ̣һƬǹ˸һ̵£Ҫͨһķ
һ£ִҪɱһһҪˡһ˲䣬ֱˣ˳ƽһץһƬǹ⣬Ħ̡

һը죬ֻоһɲ˼ľԼɿȥҪ֪Ȼó֮ҲСģ֮УǸ˱һܶͨʮȴˡ
ɲʱһ𾪵ľǰֻһͷһ΢ѸǴգۼҪҲ·
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Ϊȫʱ򣬻ͷȥһԲǧĹȺȫͷſһѹͽǸѹ棬һ룬ʲôǽʲǫ̂ͤ¥󣬾һ¾ͻ顣
ʱǳбռ˱˵ôһȻȻΪϽͣǳضﻹ֪Ǵͷһĳ汼ӡ
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Щ壬һзԸԲ統궫һƴСһʹˢ֮󣬱㽫ǴԭΣ̫Ϲ޵У䵱̫Ϲޡ
һĻԼ޽ĳǳػԼ¾׽ãͷŭѾﵽ˼㣬ֻ̫Ϲֵһ˲䣬֪Լ޷ҡ˵նɱһ
ĶȻ˱ãúݣֵɷֻҪгɣж⡣ͳʮɽɽΧɱ
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ֻһһôæûʱ佫չȫӳһ뿪յλãľٶȾٴξһһ֮Ȼˣվӳ󷨷Χ
ԶԶߣ⣬һüͷһ塣һԵСЩίĽ͵ˣȻ켶󷨽̫Ϲָ˻Ͼǧ֮һûлظԣԡ
һԣҡҡͷҲ˵ʲôüͷƺڿʲôʱСƺʲôһ㣬ϲĽеˣ㿴ʲô
һû˼ֻǼ򵥵ƳһۡǶҲһԭﲻһƵС硣
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ͷСߵʱ򣬱ģƺĴռ䡣
СνСȻָɡһ˵ɵĴռ䣬ʱǷҵ˼
Снӹռ䣬һһƬЩûƽ߳ʯ鵤ͷ࣬Ǹֿʯҩģԭϡ
Ȼ֮ĸ֮٣ԱɸҲҵʵʦû뵽ȴһ
һƬԭ֮Уķ֮Уһ˸ѪĳΪۡȻǰϽɵѪ
һȻӵ޽һ³ɵɼ鱦ȴϤֻоһûʶķɽӵǿޱȵȴ֪
ΪϹ飬Сʶʮָߣһ۾ͿѪĵȼмһΪʲôԭֻһͽ


һһ ϴ

һһû뵽ﾹȻǴ˵ֻɽܶɹȻС鶼˵ǣȻٲˡ
СһԾɵŪϧǣһֻ켶Ʒɺڸֲƣ̺֮ȻȲϽɹ⣬ȴȷ˲֪١켶֮ϣ˵ȼ൱漶𼶣ȵȣ֮ǾͲˣɱȻȻʶ죬һɱݺ͵λͬһˣٵ￴ˣ鱦ʵߵɱ·ߡֻɱͬ壬ʶ鱦ʶ˫ޣȻ;л岻ԱǳɹɱȴҪĸѸ٣Ҳǿ󡣡
һȻƽﲻϲСĻ룬֪˽ҲԲᷴС֮˵ͷӦУҪ˵ʲôʱһѶ֮Уһȷʵע⡣
ǶС֮ϽõĹͲﶼһڶ෨ԭ֮УʮۡһһУͽ֮ץС
򿪹Ͳһֻһ֮оȻտյһһȴܸоЩϢʲôݣԭ֮˲鿴
һԻᶯĨȥһϢʱòͲ˳ȥС͡
СбֻᣬæĽ˹·һмƲƲ죬СһĨǻ¾ڽˢһˢ
ֻһȴСԤϡϵɽ磬ָֻǧ֮һҪĨȥܡһˢֻЩͼھʲôȴ
СƺеӣǴһ裬Ҫڽ²һȲġˣҲ˺ݣһ㽫ٱ֮ǰǹǹ̺֮һϸС̣Ȼͬʱ켶
һ¹ȻͼЧˣϵǹȻͣϾ󣬵ֲסСݵһʮᡣ־¶˴ɷжɽ͵֡
С͵͵һۣͷһͻæݸһһӹһֻдһ˵ǽҵϹѪʥŮʥŮɽ壬ϹѪĴУش˼νȵȡ
һĹͲ֮ǰ˵һѾܹƲ׷ʲôνʥŮСסҲΪʲôСһֱûΣգӦʧԵڣΪѾ͵ɽȥˡ
ûԤеıҲûаԹһ̧ͷ˿޾ǿգ˵ͷ촽΢΢ŵ˵ţɽټ
ʱ˶һȥٵ٣˵ˣֻСһһߡԺöһҲҷֻǱȴҲʮֲ
ʱһһӣǽĹͲһѪҲתͷСС飬̫Ϲܽô
Сԣʲô쿪Ļ۾һ㣬Ƭ֮͹ƴЦСˣǴֱʣС˿к
֮СҲ΢΢Ŀڲ̫̽Ϲ¶һ˿ЦˣСܣǵ̫Ϲ˵һ磬һܰߣǧ֮һȴǰ첻ġ
һҲʧֻ룬ʵˣǾ;ܣհɣһνѣĲС֮ǻҲҪܱˡ
һ仰ǵȻеζȴʮַȻһͷҲŭȻֱӷйַйСԣǲһʲôĿģΨ²ҵԸȻֳƿ졣
Ҳע⣬ʿɶֹҪʲô϶֣ͽ鷳֮ҸȫĵطţˮĸȻչϾǱޣͲ̫ϹгΪһҡҪȥչأһ鶼ˣ
ʱһɫѾʮֲ԰ףƺܵǣҲ˵ֻ˵ЩһУ˷ܲѵС飬һѾ̫ϹˮĸУʼ˺ıչء
ȴ˵С鿴һȥıӰһ˿ǣܿ죬ǹ˷ܵЦݣĿɨƺ⼸С綼һ̶ʯ㣬ͨʯǼƷʯ
СҿɾͶ
¸һЦС鵱ȿʼȻϴ˺գܹңңͻ֣ᷢԭһƬȻȻ˻ĮɥʧԴήңڼ㣬úһһƬ
ֻһвֹ⼸СڼеС綼ʧãã֮СڵĴ磬Ҳϴ١Ҫֵֻܱܡ
СһҲ̫ʮϣűˣϷȸȥˣСεߵͷõȸ򣬳ΪֹӤҹһĴ˵


һ ħƣ׽ò
ħһŰСһ׹ΪƤΪשѪΪˮĸۡʱۡеĴڣһԲʮѽΡ
ʱһһӰڽϣʱ䣬ʮѽζˡһЦɱ־㣬ȥ׷ɱǼ̳޲TСôôʱŻСأ
һ⻰ͷɱħɫЩѿ׷ɱһʧܵϢʹ˻һξΪ׽һ󻼣ԷȻװֻ֪ƣơ
ƶѵɱ쵶һɣɱħƢ꣬ʵһȺħɸǿļܵĳ裬һӾվ
⻰ǼƶħٺһЦɱֺô磬ֻô磬ȻûɱСӣȴҪɱңѵΪҼƶ޾ǳصĲɣҪɱҪɶ㣡
ƶħЦһ֪һһϢ洫ȻɼֵϢȻһɱɼ֣ѪΪͨȻҲɼ鱦ȴҲʮ˵á
ħħۣ䲻ϾͿԶһһͨħˣħҲˡ
ʱһȴɱƶѵʲôطħ汲޽ṥͬ˵ĵطҪ֪ħһɵţ嶼ͬȡź淴֮ɡħűǺټͳǱ«޵ħţҵǲͱɽЩϼһˣôµʲôҪǸҴɣҵҪħ󷨣ܲǵ硣
˵֮˳ħħ֮һħͳħǣɱƶħһ㶼ɺڵĸ֣ʱпͻһޣѹƲסΪɽ硣
ħһȰܵȰܶʱֹסɱħͼƶħʱħλվħ˵ǣһشٲ˵©һӡȻ˴ζɽ٣ǧ겻֣ܳǱ޴ޱȣɳȥպħûл֮£ȴҪ˽֮Уϡ
ħλȻΣ޲ȴŷȻڣû˻ĹͲ²⣬ʱڳħħɱһ
ֻǰҪȷʵǸҲһĴڣ̸׷ɱһֻ֮õһȫһȥĽ
ħ߲ͬһڣһʮرĶ壬ʮһ̨ƾƯ֮ǰ׷ɱһ֡
űʶΪһȺҲÿڣ˲ͽһдһ顣Ƭ֮󣬺ü¶ɫҲзԳŭĿ֮ɫ
ʦ֣ǵľѾħǿ˺󣬲ҷŴֻأһҷţҾΣ
¡ʦǣԪλʦҲ롣ֻӵһѾҵȼӣ֪ȥ˺δ
ˣҲ޷ʦ󷨣ֻҪûɽ磬˾ŵڤѲ
˵䣬ںоͳһŮῴȥԭŮǵ޲TϣǿѩΪͽ۹עʦ̫
ԪʦҲ֪붨ˣǲᣬʦ̫ûӦ֪ʦڻʦ̫תѹ
ʦ̫ƺ˯һ㣬ѯʵ׺¡æ˵ʦ̫üͷ΢չ˵ͷǴӦʹá󷨡
ʦ̫ɼֵ󷨱һʩչƿǿǧٱֹ֮䶼ܿ
ʩչƬ֮ʦ̫ҡҡͷƶȻȴûзִټ²ǳһǾʲôطڣԲܸǴˡ
⻰ʦɫЩѿʦ̫ƭǣΪһɳвһڸеͷ
żżһټ֪ο׽ãնɱֻءԷһҲֻǼ򵥶׷ķʽһֻȵõϢ˵
ʵ۷ħ벻ʱһĲ򣬶ǰȸ׷СϢȻ֪СױץҲûΪ˱˶ԼԸûпǹһƼصӲȸʮɽ
ȴ˵ɢᣬһ̨ƾʧʧʦ̫ȥ˿ңԶϷͽͷĹҰȥɣ


һ 췦
̫ʼ֮ǷϵĴ֮һϹɵżУഫ˴˱֮ɣҲд˳̫ʼ֮Ϊһ棬ѤĴԣڶǰ̵ǰ
ûѵ̫ͣʼ֮г˱ﴫ֮⣬ͬ;أԵشҲͰˣһЩռѷ죬ǿ֮ࡣ
ڲÿһضľ֮أжԻط֮ϺؾԵ̫СơȻڴʱһ̫ʼ֮ػƵǻһǡ̫Ϲ
ԭһչ֮󣬽ﶼС鴦ԸҸȫĵطϢһ룬ҲһңԶҵС뷨ȴͬʶȫھλ̫ʼ֮
ԴС̫ϹϯԼܱ֮󲻾ãͿ̫Ϲ˴˴˵Ǿأѹ꣬Ư̫ʼ֮ڶ˵ֱǺ԰һ㡣
ʱӶ˺üԴڵ̫ϹУԭˮĸӣ̫Ϲڵæµš֪Լ̫Ϲ𵱳綫˵һƬĺ㹻չȭš
ֶ˷ḻޱȵԴ˵ЩԭΪʵĵӣһͷܴ߳ɸ֣οϷôһᡣһʱ䣬̫ϹһƬæµľеУĹһж٣ƺһֱƼ
ͬʱˮĸУƷƣ̣ߴӵȺһ𡣾֮ǰһսʵǿʵߴӶоԼĸʱֻǴ׵ĸ
ʦ㣬ҪչأҰһչңƽﻰﲢڴ˳Ĭ
⻰üһʱҲ׷׿ڵʦ㰲űչң
һߴӣͬԼʦʦãǱȽ׺ЩʦʦþȻҪչأ֪ΪԼ𡣲ͷҲˣȻ롣
ãչҲɣֻ»·һʺϵָǣϣǳصһգܹﵽԼĿ꣡
˵䣬һųȥƬ֮һݹ˽ЩһͶһĶɽٸ֣췢棬ħȷħ֣Լ˴ɢɡ򵥼䣬Щɽٸֶָΰָߴӵѡȥ
Ƭ֮󣬴ֻƷƺͼŮС֮󣬺ƷǱߣԼͥ֡
ãʵǿҲ˽֪Σգ
ǿתԪת٣ӳּǲ֮ʵǿȼЩģ¶ɽٶܳɹֻҲɥ¡Ҳ;ƿݵĵزˣ
;ƿݣ
Ʒƺͼ̶ŮͬʱһһۣԷеľ֡Ʒվ棬ָ
˵ô
̾Ϣҡҡͷоɵת֮޷룬ֻ
ɵתƷйһҡҡͷֶγɳ֣˼Уˣ޾ȣҾͷɣΪѰǾ鵤ǶֻҲҪȻ
գƷҲٲƮȻȥǷѰչصĵط˵ҲҪȥչˡָѾ߳Լĵ·һжԼ£òűָˡ̾һ˿̣ҡҡͷҲƮȻȥ
տյĴУֻмһ㶵վԭءԭһ;ƿݣ𾪵Ļز뵽֣ʱͷһ˺ѵʹ
ת
֮ǰ˵ĸ֣ƺʲô̧һУӻͳһöӨģѪһӡһ˿֮ɫ˵ͷͷҲصľͳˮĸȥһչڡ
ȴ˵һߣ֮УһһչأҪȻǻָơ˵ڶɽ֮У뷢˰ٱ׽٣ɳֵ£ǿתԪʮ
һǧĴȣǿҲܲȼ²ҲһأҲֻȼԼȻɽٳɹҲȼմ
£ǽļöڡƷ鵤£ҲסһҪָǾ仰췦ڱչ֮ǰͲ˺İźһУΪͺƷ㹻Դνչأ˵һһˡ


һ 취
£ɷһ
һӣȻȴޣ֪ͨҪȻʧ˺ܶΣվϷ
һ̤ͨżĽΪͻƣҪǿۺϽɷ֮вɷһὣԪֶΡֱӰӶͻ£ﵽĳ̶ȡ
ֻһɫ⣬Щ֮ͨƾ̡֮νͨһش֮С֮ͨĵһǡ֮
⡮֮ڣǽϽԻǽƪһĴڣѾܱǻɫ
Ƭ̣֮Ѿһ˵ġǬɷϣɢͬҲһṳܴ֮̂ͨﵽļ±֡
ֽ̤֮ͨ罣Ԫһ㡮ɷһһ㣬һ˵֮ΪһҡڽΪ֮Դ⽫᲻𣬳ΪبŽһ֡
һһ˵֮ͬʱ졣˫ָ󽣾һֻһֻԲԲطɷ⾳ͬʱ֮ɷֱ˫ڵɷ֮С
ý֮뽣Ԫɷ֮һһʱͷϲһ˲̬֮У˫־͵һϡ

ҹ֮һдһƣ˳ƻľҾȻһ룬ɵÿЦ֪⻹ˮĸɾͶ֮ӹ̵ĽǶɾͣһαըҪˮĸһɵĵط
ʧˣǵڼʧܣʮΣãһȻûгɹȴ˼֮ͨİԼɷһʱ䣬Ҫʱ䣬ҾܹɹͻơʱǿǼħһԽǵ֮ҵĳҪǽ֮ǰծѪȻҪʱĻ
뵽һҡҡͷ׼׼һȥʱ̳֮һһѾͽס
㣬̶ôһԾĿǱסԼˣǼ˭ˡ
̽ͷһţþò̧ͷᶨĿһ磬ҲҪ
һһ㶣ЦԭˣСǲὲģǾֻܹҵˣ̶ģ粻ҲˣھҪȥһ취ֻҪɹʮ꣬ʱа취ˡ
ҡҡͷ磬㲻Ҫƭңһмɻɹ
һü̷ģĿ⣬̾һһ֡ûС
֣һһ̣ҧҧ촽ľ磬а취Ծ㣬ٿǧ꣡
ǧ꣡һһȻЩ취УҪش۲ܻһΪֹûʹãҲ̲סʵʲô취ȻܹЧ
̼һ׷ʣ϶ʱһ죬ӵĵͷһƺʲôҡҡͷУһãΪң
˵ţһҪƿ̡˭֪̾Ȼץţ֮ڲ˵¶û취ƿ
磬ѵС׽ͺԣ̶Ͳô
˵ţһ˫峺ӺĿһһͱһĻǣͲ㺡
ֻһֱԼĶλҲСһ㣬һĹͷ׹Լĸޱչ֡
һһ㶣Ҫ֪ɲ»һ֮СףкƷƣһֵѩûȻһޣһŮȻڷײ࣬˵֮Ѿˡ
Ҫ˵̼̳˻ƵѪʣӱˣҲϲֻһֱСãСѾͷŮӣȻģ뵽ԷΪ˾ԼͿ粻ǵϡ
ʱæ͵磬̶ڱϹŻƵѪʫǰ£ѾƵѪᴿǧҲôѸٵĽֻҪֻҪ硭˫ޣһܹƵѪ֮е˫޴ָͣԪ
żСĽͣ˵ĳЩ˵طСȥһҲһЦֻⲻӦ֮ȻȷʵУоҪش۶Ψһ·ҡҡͷ


һ µһ˫
̶㣡һһ۱㿴̾ȻԼҩҩԼǿ֣û뵽̾ȻʱЩ֪˵ʲô
磬ѵ̶Ͳô̷ҩѾЩ־壬һ˫ˮӿһƺҪû
һһüͷһ壬æһųȥƬ֮󣬺Ʒƴ˽һʱһЩ飬
һ̶õʵС׽ֻ֪ǶĨӣҲÿڣܵõ̶ӵĻƵѪмôҲҪõһġο̶ӷµöҩ᳦ٶϵȻȲƵƷ鵤ȴ˫鵤֮еƷ֮˫ܹ͵ľЧǲ˫޵Ļ̶ӻ
һһ㶣ٿһ˫ۣɵʯһĳҲЩڻˡνָֻᣬҪľһ飬һ˲䣬һͻȻ֣ٲǵСѾͷҲǸСãһŮˣһиŮˡ
̶Ǻαأ̾һһǹһ˿ЦתͷƷƵǡ᳦ٶϵİɣ
ƷԣڿһЦȴЦһҲҪشֻ촽΢ƷƶУǵúƷһ죬ڿһЦ
ʱһתһ־ס̵ϸͬϸڼ̶˵̶߰ɣ
ƺһϢ˼ڡ᳦ٶϵҩЧ̰ᡮšһ޵ĵ˵ͷͽͷһСһݹһ̾ͳһҷȥ
һĻƷڿһЦҪתȥȴתһ͸ȥ
ˮĸһ֮УһɵĴ齣һбŵǼ̡һϸԭնʱķ̣һ̵˵ͷȥˡ
һЦһŻۻļ΢΢壬΢΢һЦȥ˵һٲֱ˴ˡ
ȴ˵Ʒغ⣬Ȼ涯ħ仯ΪУоһմ֪淢ʲôȻͷ΢΢еһ˿⣬ϵҲǲʱһָ㽫֮֮Ժ
Ƭ֮һ޵һ̣һ֮дһɰϢƺ٣ｵ
ΣǻƵѪϹ˻ʡֻû˵һֹۣ貨žͲ֮ܽβˡѵ˵̶õѪзż󣬴ﵽεĵزһǲһָˡ
뵽ʱһƹҵĽƶһβǺһͷβӰ̤նӰһԣһһ໥ӡ
һһ໥ӦͣƬ֮󣬱һɫϢӴɢͷӰܵȾȻһһһ⻪
⣬ѵС׽˵ڲɡˣһǡһĶҲ䡣һֻܽһӣаС׽ͽһָһˣֻǰС׽˵ڵֹڴˣǱһ̶ܵõĻƵѪֳЧۻƵѪڣǴ˵޳ϴڣۡһ̶˫ޣ͵ͬʱ˫µһ˫ޣħʷҲѰá˫֮ͺϣѪ÷ܹ漣һܹվˣ²»Ҫһߵľ硣
뵽Ʒͷһϲϲһܹתһ̣ͷһȴһŮ֮УΪƽ
УȻ˵ĸŮ֮вΪǸ飬ǿ·磬ʱţСһὫԶԶ׿̸пܽԽһԼһͷĵλ
Ů˱ǸԣƷħǲҲͰˣƫƫΪһ飬˴ֻƽǿƣҲǲˡʱ˿̣𵱳һˣΪʱƲѡ͸Ȼ
ںƷư˵ʱԭյĴŻ򿪣һƬУһಲǰ


һ ͣ
һ㣡ƷƼһ֣뵽Լͷ룬Ǳһ㣬ɵЩš
Ƿ˵Ҫúôôһǹһ˿Ц
ѵƷ֮ǰһһ仰ʱԼ˼ûб뵽¶ɵ
ڣһЦŵ˵ͷ
̶Ʒ뵽棬Щܡ
һһӣһҪ
˵䣬ǹһ˿ЦݽСЦĳɷ֣Ҳ˳壬Ҳ˺ƷƵķһ̤ͽ뻳СƷЩܿһ̵ػоͱ˰ư͡һһЦʧǻرյĴ֮С
Ƭ֮һޣ˻ǵٴλصڵ̾ڵ֮ϵĽɫκӰ֮⻹һƬħķۺ
ԭĽϻԵЩͻأһɷȴֽĽϣһ˿˿аϣ֮Ϣ
ֳϢظӦҪ׽ٺʱһƬƳ̫Ϲ֮⣬ǵ̫Ϲڶֳһ
С龭֮ǰһεߣٳһʱ䣬ЩһƬƲٺһЦ̧һУһƬǹɨȥһ롣ָֻһһƬתֳһΣǽٴɢƬ
ԭΪ׽ٻûɾϡֻһɾڿУҪɢȥʱһһ׶ɫ⵱һһͱУʧ
һĻ̫Ϲֿ˵С鷽ųֻϵĻһ׶ɫǾǳˡǶɽ٣ֱ׽֮еһƬصķ򿹺⡣޷Լֱ޵ˡ
һʱ䣬ʩ֮ˣʩĿֶΣڸֻ˽ǰԴ⡣Ϊƿ̫ϹСƿˮĸ˵Ȼ֪˭ȴ֪λá
С鿴˿ˮĸ򣬺ȻһЦԹԵû뵽һĸֶһСĸ޸ǳֻŮ֮¶С˵ûʲôȤҲȥһŮˣ黹ŮôˣˣЩˣ
Сĺ˼벻ͬоˮĸĶͣУȴǼһı飬Ҳڽ̶ˣԺǲҪƺأˣǽ̶ɡֻϣ̶ܹȼָԪźá˵գٴγ֮С
ȴ˵һߣˮĸǹϣ̾ľȻʧ֮дϢȴԽԽŨңҲûʱ佥ȥʲôڲϢȴһ
ʱһȥۣ֮һ˲ת۱ʮʱȥһգ̫Ϲڽзæк͹ʮʱ⣬ԭˮĸ˽Ϥ̫ϹһУӿ㣬Ҳص̫ϹҲϲ
ˮĸҲûбСĺ֮£ûʲôӵֶξ̫Ϲϳһ塣
̫ϹˮĸĶ֮ڶһϣǿ˷֮ˮĸ̫ϹصģȸѹϵӪһɾԹҪҲй͵ĵʹá
ʮʱ䣬Դԭˮĸ̫Ϲһµ󡣳ʵ֮⣬¾ɸ档ԭҪո֧֮ŵľ󽥽ı䣬̫ϹҪλöȫ̫Ϲףʱ򣬲һɣһ
ȻһУڱչصһ֪һգ˶ڸ˾ְһ¡¡̫Ϲˮĸ촫
ͨӶѾʮǰľ󣬵С飬һڸ߲㶼׵׷ʲôһʧ´ϣһ̾ͳһչصĴ֮⡣ͬʱֵģС飬Լɽټ֣һߴӣһûǰ
֨
һ죬÷Ŵ򿪣һ籡һ̱죬ҷ棬ۿȥȻһƬ̲𣬻ľһһȻм˼õζ
ʱһ۵һǣͬ۵ĺƷƣ˳ӭӵĴ棬һֻǻһЦǺƷƺͼ̶Ů¶һ˿ߺ
ǻָˣҲ˲ô࣬ھѯһơ
ţָˣһοһЦ˵ͷ˿ԵĺƷƣ̶ŮζԶʱöŮɫߺ죬ȴҲᶨһԡ


һ ֮˵
̫Ϲ߱̫ϣһϣΡСΪԾһݣߺȬʱһƬָֹ¸ŹЩоţһ¼ףһĿ⣬ǿȵĳݺ㽡
һҲֱܲ顣Ǵɣ־μĹͷ־ߣֳûзУҲûϲ⣬ֻǾҲɣҲɣΪˡ
̬ͨǿ߸һ㣬֮ǿţһֳȻԵãһڴȴҵ̬̬ѾΪܶӱ֮ˣΪӣΪ̡
ݱϣһѯһ̫ϹеķչԼչصʮ䷢չѸ٣ԭʿ֮⣬ӵЯ˿ɸѡ֮¼
Խ֮£µӽ٣Ҳ׷ͻƿкüڷԲĸ̫ʼ֮һ̤ɽڵĹؿΪԭˮĸһ
ȱһոĺ췢׵һɽڸ֣ʼ˹ٽһʼӦǵһ׽١˵̫ϹӲԶԶ
ЩϢԼڵʱ䣬̫ϹɱþһͷҲǸˣоԼ˦ƹһӶôȥҲ뷨
˺ҲѯԼߴӵǸӵĶɽٸһһҲ֪һߴƺ֮ǰеĴ̼ȻٴοȻڶ̶ʮ䶼г˶̤ڣƣ˼Ԩ˶ʼͷ𶯾硣
һЩеʮ⣬ֻǷԸôǣҲԼصϢ֪ƾһɳ徢;ȥ
Щ㱨һСԽһʾͬʱԺ췢׵˱ʾһɽԼһ֮
Ҫ֪ԭһɱڶ֣ɢɶʹõĺ췢׵˶һͷһЩȻģȴЩЩġ
һٴγŵΪǶɽٳǶ֪һڸǱʾ̬ȺϢ֪ԼڻҶġ
һǾԼ˦ƹΣһĽΣǾͲҪܽעˡɢȥֻ֮Ʒơ̶ŮԼСڵһξۻڲ飬ֻС׺ߴԵЩ塣
ûһ˵С鵱ȿڵһβ֪Ȭ٣ΪʵǷҲȫָˣ
һԣҲԼ´֪ĵģһЦ̶ͷƷƣʮѾȫԪҲָɣǧ˰ûˡЩʱֻҪͻƣ˵ǻָԪǳ˵Ҳ⣬ǾͲصˡ
⻰һСҲϲĹƴЦ̫ˣ˻ָˣǾͿȥȸһˣѹμˣҼǵһڳݹʮָԣһѪ
Сһһĸԣ˷ܾһ飬һǿһ㣬һݸ
С飬ȸǱȻҪȥģϾС׳ΪʥŮҪһպҲѰֻ֮֮ˣҵϢҲãԵǰҪ鲢ȸ򣬶һ顣
һ飿˶һἱ͵ȥȸѰˣ侲ش΢΢Ծ
һ˵ͷն˵һ£ҲǵǰҪ飬ǾǶȡˣ
ȡˣ𰸣ֳһ
һ˵ҪǶ֪ⶫڶɽɵʱô͸С׽Ϣһڶʲôã
ǲ֪ҲҾһν֮ȴˡ֮ͫһ塣ʵһﲢĳʱڹؼκʱʮҪĶˣϲϢϢء˳ģΡЩ֮˳˳ˮΪңˮĸ˼Ȼ˴һѣҲΪˡԭжһ磬ԭռ˽ضϴ룬ڶΪ˶ľɢ۵ˡõǣСȡ̫ϹĿȨΪһˣ⻹һЩɢ˵һһ㲨ۣ¾ٲ֮ˡ
һһ˵˵֮һ򡣱Ϲʱ򼸺Ǿ˽֪̫ϵ֮Ҳûϸء
񴫳ȱʧǳɾ˿ʼ򣬷֪ɾ˵ֲϱ˷ֱˣԱ˵Ϲʱ˽֪Ҳͳܡ


һ ø֮
һһ֮˵Ʒƣ̶һһԵСüͷƺ뵽ʲô
žһţеˣˣСҲ˵˵ʮҪϹʱ˾Ϊƴһأ˵Ϊʲô̫ϵܹʢƺҲռһΨһһˣС֪Ķ࡭
С˵оüƵߣתͷȥƷƺͼ̶ĿʱԼûнҪ˵
һתæװɵɶ񰡣ϹŴپȻС齫ôҪ鶼ˣǻ˴£С͸
С鱾һͯģʮϲ֪һֺõһȬʱǵŮŭ˴롣
һСԱԵ־磬ҲݸһЦһҲøȻȴһɣħΪһ硣
ھƵѪڵ˫شԼʮչ֮羡ȹ̣ûѰ֮鸡ڣʵʵĽת𶯺ħϸ֡
ڽΪҲԪת֮ͨ·֮ǰͨͨȻûǿҲ˵Ժķչȴ˰ٱֹ
⣬Ȼ֮û֮ԪҲ׶֮һͣСɵزɾһСԪ塯
Ҫ֪⡮ԪϹʱشʥֱָķšȻֻСɣѾǷܱȡҲ˵һСԪ塯һٵɢɸӲ
ٽֶΣһǽֻͨҪﵽľˮ׼ϡСԪ塯ʩչսҪټɼ鱦޽һնħ
ǿϧһȺɢɸ֣û޽֮СҰ벽ͨĽ磬߶޽ӣʱڣڸֶǲһսҲգվһʱҲˣԪܹһ֮߶޽ܷӳȻһЩֻҪҽ޽򳹵壬ʱ˼󣬽ˣղ̤֮ܽͨ
뵽˴һ΢΢һЦΪС˵˼飬ƷƣŮųСҲҷֻæ̬˵Լһȡ鶼֤¼
ˣ֮ǰ˵ҪҪȻǰȸ̽ĸϢѵҪȥħͷͺ¿鷳ɣСһҪȥϴδսϧˣСһǾˣһһٴСҲҪ֣֪
˵䣬С·֮ǰ飬ʮ˷ܵĻֱۣƺҪһ˫СȭͷһȺħһѵֻһҡһҡͷ
һȻȬҲǲС̫ϹȻչѸ٣ԶԶǷħĶ֣ѪծѪ黹Ҫһʱ䡣ش٣̫Ϲ֮ʱͬҲǷħ۵ӡ
һ˵ţһһ˿ɱһšŮооһɱ⡣СȥħɵЩй
ˣ֮ǰһֱ˵ˣѵ˵йϵɣһ˫֮ҲûиĹƺһţƺҪԼһŭ
һԹһЦ̶ȻʱйءȻҪ˵ܷȹĹؼҲ˵һҪشǰ֮ǰõ㹻ˡΨ˲ܱ֤˳ɽ١Ҵ֮ҵȷҪӴˣ̫ϹȻе̫ϵˣҲϡǲϽİ취ǲɵģһγصһǵõ㹻ˡ
ѵҪȥ˲ɣСǵЩ취ˣȡԴȺͺ¿ϲˣʲô̫ʱ䡭ֱӶȡ˱Դȳʡ£ϹʱĴϲ취òƻɱǿһõĴ¡ˣҼǵ̫ϵ֮һʲôԪķԪ۱ֶΡֱӽǳԪȡĺɱѧˣҵʵıԴǿϱСʱֶռɵһǧöǺˣֻʧˡƺ˲ܶã֪òܡ
һȤ飬Сʱ˾һӾüͷѳζǵĽԼ֪˵
һû뵽ЩС𡮹Ԫʱһ˼С齲òˣ΢΢һЦҡҡͷһ鲢ûô鷳˵ᣬ˵ջأ


һ ٻħ
ˣջˣСЩͷԣѵʲôط˺֣׼Ҫջô
һԵõĵ˵ͷһֵҲǰ˲ãҰæĴۣϧûһ㣬ջصҲ
һпСǲԣƷƺͼ̶ŮȴʲôƷЦһһѵҪ̳޲Tħ֮λǻΪ޲Tħ֮
һһЦû뵽Ʒ㻹ǵãҵĿ޲Tħǵˡǿǵǰ͸ҵĲ񻹲ջأǱҵʲôӶˣǿˡ޲TħҵûȤܸЩħͷЩ£Ҳδɡ
˵һǹϤЦݣȻ˼ʲôıһĻС֪һȤ飬ϷŹæˣȤСһҪȥϣ˳ȫ
һСҪȥҲ޷Щһ˰Ƚ鷳æӦܼ򵥲٣ֻ̫ϹûĹ᲻ʲô⣿
С֪ԼгȥĻᣬæͷ££СָܷʶߣѾںһ壬СֻܹԼʱһҸȥҾͿͺá
˵䣬С黹һţȻһһӰѳһ̣һӨ͸СͳԱߡֻֻΪûˣڿ󷨣ûûж
ȻˣСȥɣһһĻڴӦ
ȴ˵һֱԱ߿ŵƷơŮһӦС飬οһԼæһͷЦ뵽ŮԼ˵һʱĵĺ͸ֶΣ㲻ҲܻסȥоգҲͷͬˡ
ȻаţվЩΣաȻֶָЩ裬ЩֶҲҪϰԴо;֮ſʼɣ
ʱԷ˵ܳеʱڵ˵һչصʱ¶Զ˽飬˺򵥵һһͷһٴοʼչء
ںƷƣ̶ŮΪһ˫ޣΪʱҲҪֶΣҲѧһչءɽ֮ʼر仯ҪȡնɽΪ磬ҲŹʱ䡣ΨС˿󷨣¸ɣֻ˻ԼУʼõ޲
зһգһǧ꣬£תʱȥһԭֶͨȻҲˮǴߣȴҲףһ˳
Ȼԭ֮ͨ⣬һѡ˼µֶоͰ̷ġ̫֮ϵ̫һϷġ̫鵤¼ԼԪġԪȡ
ֻЩͨǺʱ־þǼɬѶʱֻǿͷƤëաһֻǿһͷʱ£֮д˼в򣬵ʱ䲻˵°빦ܹ˳һЩҲǺõġ
֮һźһӦֻٴαչص˵ŮС뿪̫Ϲ뿪̫ʼ֮棬ħȥ
һ֮ǰͬ˵һûдŲֶΣɼ鱦ͬ˵޽ȴӵдŲƵͼָ£תֱۣĿȥ
Ҫʱ䣬һֻҹڴŲƹ⻷֮УңңԿһƬħɭȻ򡣸ܵһϢƷƺͼ̱֪ѾĿħ
ǿմŲƣͣ
һ£޽еĽõ̽תۣͣ´Ųͨ˳֮УԶԶһƬǺ
ħˣһȻһЦвûлصʵصϲɫһɫദõĺƷƵ˶
һתͷŮСôŲ̫ۣǻǷɹȥɡֻû뵽ӳģȴ۰Ͱ͵ĻһλȴҪҵĶȫߣҪһ̵ӡ󣡡
˵ţһ˴žͳħзȥʹӺħеõħͼ
ֻͼڱиûãΪħڲǼ󶼱ʽ޷ʹá޷ʩչŲֶΣٶȹ죬ϢƳֻᱻ֡
ħ濴ɢȴʵһͰɽǵŹ˼ҲֻΪʱǡռ޲Tħǣǵ޲TħΪ壬޷ħǡ
һһǰȴͬ裬ٶȿ죬Ϣҽǽħڵġħ䡯ʩչǻѵħͷʲôƷǵпƣҾȥ
ʱһħŨң緢ħǳǰʮǰ޲Tħħźͷռ޲Tħǡ


һһ ȡ޲Tϣ
ˣǸôСƲס˷ܵĸоҺһƣ̾Ҫȥһ
һ״Ҳû˼ָָֻޱ޼ʵǿգﲼõĽҲˣҡڵ߽ȥһȺħϹȻ˲ǣȴҪˣԵǰһҪľǽӴ󷨽ƣ
Сһ㶣ʱ˼ΪʲôһˬĴӦȻⱾϱУҲѲ˶һͶ֮С
֮󣬾ͼСƾ˳ģϻҳǵ֮ɫЩ󷨺ͽƵֱʲСϧϸһ鶼ڡһ֣򵥾ͽˣ˷ģǽ޲TǰȥҲ˷ˡ
һ˵ͷûжһ֣һƬٲһĹ⻪˳ϸһʲôٲһƷɽĽԶԶȥˮһ޶Խ⣬ɱȴȫһִڡ
Щɽȫһ޽ĸνѡ֮ڴﵽ̶ȡٰʮɽƷĶƷҲСıǳԽƷﵽƷɾ鱦Ĵڡ
һʲƸ֮󣬿˵ѰһʵƲΨһ㣬רŴٶ̣ħвƸ˲ܴ롣
ӴĿķɽǵ꣬һҪ˵תܲݡѾ壬޽޽򶼽Ϊһ֣Ȼ統굫ת⣬֮ʱȴҲг
һһ޽ʩչΪ˶Ŀġٰʮ˶ʮ˹ɣÿһռһȻû޵ľջһƬǺǿ֮һͶһ˲Щͬһ㡣
ʮ޴󣡡
С鲻Ϲ飬ѧʶḻ˼俰Ƶһһ۾Ϳһ޽Ϊݻ֮ġʮ޴һתܹȡ޾ȻûֱӣҲһֲֶΡ
һЦһȻƻǵĲã֪Ҳһѣ޲Tħǣ޲Tħе˺ﶼҵģ
˵һһӣƺҪ׽޲TǣƿһȶأΨҶƱصˮĸͳһָһ㡣
ʱоԼĵһ˲ߴ˲٣Ʒƺͼ̶ŮһЩСһ㶣ǹһ˿ϲЦԺǳ֮
һûעЩֻǼʮ޴󡯲óɹ㽫֮ããָֻԭģֻǴʱ޲T֮Ѿһأ˵ͨ޷ԶգӵԶ֮ܵĶɽٸ֣ɢ뽣֮ҲҪޡ
߰ɣûǵĶ
һ˵ţǹƶʱʧǱһջءʱƲϵĻϵͣһٴα䶼ʶĴڡ
һҲ٣޲T֮ϡһνĵطҲħѪԭϴβͬ׼˷ͳ½ȥ
Ȼһ·϶Ǽ۷ɶݣʶӹħѪԭȴҲ۵סȴִʱħѪԭϴβͬǣԭΪħŸϳ½̾ħѪԭħžȻ伣ħŶǼΪҲ㲻öߡ
޲Tһηħս֮󣬾Ʒ˲Сı仯ֻǲ֪Ƿռ޲TħŷŴܣվǹҧûʲôϵ
һȷʵħӮֻҪȡ޲TǵĿȨһսĴӮңһʤʵġ
һ·ɶݣҪ½ʱһȺסǵȥ·һȺĿ࣬ͽ˶ĵϢ˵޲T塯
壬һЩȤһֻͨΪԽ˽ĶԽ࣬ͷмϹգֻ˺ԶǣСҵΪʥ˵մϢϣνʮֹء
ֻȤȤһε뵱ȴҲвͬͬǿǣ϶һ棬ȴץڼΪһصħŵС
ʲôˣһħǣһħǵĵӣôأ½ҪǼᣬӲֱүˡ
˵һħŵӣĺڵΪħҲСһ˵§һеʾԼЩ塣ֻǣЩ岢ûƲͷȥͳĿⶼǲм֮⡣


һһһ ȡ޲TУ
ԵĲ̨ЩмĿ⣬ħŵ϶ʱ͹ҲסЪ˹ĺӣǻΪһǰɣû䣬ǣūָĽɫЩСɫСڱүоȻҸɫǲҪˣҾԿʴǽ
ţħŵӽһӣһѪܵķĴ֮Сһ󶣵죬ԭħŵӰƺʲôֲĶʱɫʹޱȵĲҽӴȥ
ħŵͷˬһ߻Ӷһͷһ߸¸´ЦŭѣֱҲܲʹŻɡ
һֶΣħŵΪ磬ƳƳһһȺˣааĿŮһۣӣϵϢֻǿ¾ҪЩͷ
µ壬ȴһ㲻⣬һѳһһģͨͬĽ˶Ůһץǰһ£¶һЦǳ˵㣬ŮԪ棬Ϊһ
ħһ˵ԼˣҲʲô񷨣СħͷⷬΪΪܣһȺ߷߲ƽӣǵ⡣
һݣһѾ֪˴šǷħս֮ħһʽ½ĿȨΪū壬Ȼܱħܡһֶ֮ٴνԭΣūʹ
嵱޲Tǵȴħħͷ֣ճūͣò׷Ҳֻ꼻һ֣ʮǰ类ռ죬Ҳ㾰˰ɣ
һڸпʱħŵʱٴοһˣָ󼸸׼һƵĶ׼Ǽʲô
ˣǼǼɣĸħɵģǶԲϺţҪϳͲӴ
ǼᣬҲãһ΢΢һЦ޲Tħǵˣ
޲Tħǵˣħŵӳһ˵޲TħǴ˶ֵħȥôټˣҲһħӵܰɣ˵˵һҵİɣ
һңһҡҡͷָָҲһң˵ȫҵģ
ħŵԳһû뵽һ˵ⷬһЦСӣѵǵʧķ費ɣȻ˵ȫģòᰡףҪʲôѵҪ췴Ǹϣ
ħŵڳЦʱȴоһһϢһ㶣æ׽һ
ֻһܹԸĴڣǹһ˿ЦݣһӣЩԸȴһͣͨͨ͹һء
ħŵæǡʴǽֻһزοƣЩǹڵϣҲһ㷴ӦûС
ʱħŵڷֳ⣬һ˿־壬һ㵽ʲôˣʲôֶΣҾ㣬ǿħħĹߣҳ⣬ħ򶼻׷ɱ㣬ӵҲӲˡ
ʲôˣѾˣ޲Tħǵˡħ׷ɱֲûоһǻúúõأҾҪջ޲TħǣҵҪ˭ֹ
һһЦû⼸ħͷ˵һתӿռ佫װˡΪʵ˵ССĺħͷħڵħ۸֣һЩħһӵùһ£䡣
һУһ˿ǰ壬ֶηſվ⼸־Ŀ⣬һЦ屾޲TǵˣΪūҲʹȻһᣬͶңƹ޲Tħ֮ǿΪ¡
⻰һȺԾ໥˿һԽڶƾʲô㣬ο嶼ħߵĶ׽ãλѡȨ
һԹһЦҲҪңңǵ飬ֻһˣʱ䣬֮ҽȡ޲Tǣǵʱ廹ûеõ֮һӾ͵ūգ
˵꣬һһ㽣⣬һ죬Щϵѡ˳һ£һȻѧʿһ㹰һ񣬶ɿ챼Ӷȥ
һԶܵһֻ΢΢һЦ¶˵ֻһҲһµ뷨תС顣
׼ǽ޲TħǵһŶӣħģպ˵ӿԴΪ֮أҸ⣬Ҫ÷ħںģ֪Сܲܰһæ
СԣʱһҪһ뵽󶥼ʵս˷ܲѣ˸âæͷ


һһ ȡ޲T£
޲Tħǣ½һֺĳǳأǵ޲TħĹ޲Tħ֮أֺ֮Ҳû٣Ǹ
Ƿħһսħ룬޹Эһǳع黹ħСֻȴٽ޲Tħǣǻħǣƺе޲Tħۼ˼
޲Tħͳ֮£λãԼ塢ħ˵ȳڹʹãڼմ£޲Tħٲ޲T⣬СĦȴҲȻ
ֻһգħȴķæϢֻƽﱻЩħŸִȥʾݵūȴһûϡ
ʱһȺɮ۵ĺħ֮䡣ӦƳˮķħȻֻ΢֮俴Է˲м֮⣬Ȼల¡
Ǳ˿ˣҪӵɳ
һȺΪһ˻ǵһˣСһս֮󣬱½ƵıԸУٲһȺʦ֣Լõһһս۽һҲܵ䣬⵽նط
ԸϰûȻһЦĴһһ·ħĵħȥһ·ϳͨ裬ûһħͷڵֱֿħǣסǱԸҲ˿ȥ
һ̤ħ߱ֻһȺħͷʲôԴаûп˼һţӷСɮãԭλʩūܵ飬ãСɮţԸΪ󷽳׽ã
˻һһʱڶħͷͳҪ֪Ȼ޲Tħ⣬ħͬڣŸֳҪħų֣ںݺݵħŵӣħŸοϴӦ
Щ£Ը˿û⣬ֻǿߴѪڡƬ̣һߴдʱڳħͷ׷ס죬˵һ仰
Ƭ̣һ˳˾ȻҲһˣǵ뱾Ըһͬ˽ƵѪħ
ԭѪħҲԸһ㣬ʧһݵ㣬ȫûħŵĹأðһУҲЩϵ˺ֻҲ⵽ڲ´ӴûзĻᡣ
Ҳ֪ΪͬпǣѪħû̻ؾ뱾Ըʦһ֮ʵԸУôʲôô
ԸԣһţҡҡͷѪħˣСɮҲͲ˵ʵҷЭ׽ūܼ򵥣Ǿǵõ׽õһū
һ룡Ѫħԣüͷһ壬ֳһ˿֮⡣
⻰ħͷҲ׷׳һԸʨӴ󿪿ڣ˿ڻūǷΪЩŭͻɣԸʦһЦĿҲֻѪħҪĻش
ѪʩҶһϦֺαؿôࡣûҷŰЩūº׽ȻʧһūֻҪһΣܱסڵҷźõѡ񡣡
ԸʦٴοȰ˵⻰ѪħȴֲͬѪħױԸʦԽвԼ
Ըвң
Сɮңһеƾʩ
ߣ
ѪħȻ֪Էй¶ȥҲɫһ죬һͷ˼׷ףǵûˣôܱᵽʺĵطвǸһᡭ
Ѫħ뵽˴ʱһ˼һᣬҪʲô
˻һǵֳڶֳһתۿȥ֪ʲôʱһŮѾվ˴롣
˳֣ͷ߷߲ѵħŸֻΪǷŸҪŭûǿڣʱͱһȺסǶҹȥ
˵ѪħʱȫȻûһͳһֵѪɫȫ޵Ķˣƺħͷħһ㣬ͬ˵ĻбԸʦΪ˲Ǳˣһ
һС鲼ԤĶǸһᡣսҪȡ޲Tħǵļƻû뵽ħȴ¶Լ¹ƵˣҲЩɺˡ
ôǶ˼˱ݼôһ˵ţĿ磬ɨ˳ȥΪƵԭ򣬱ԸʦѪħֶòҶ
Ƭ̣˻ֵܵƴĵ֮⣬Ѫħʵʲô
һԣһЦãܺãҵֿҵĽƣȻʲôҾ͸㣬ҪջҵĶ


һһ 
ջĶԸԳһǼɵʲôĶ
һԣشֻǻһܣԹԵҡҡͷû뵽޲TħֻʣЩ֮ˣҲգ֮Ī֮ĪǼȻҵĹϣǾҸ׳Ƴɣ
һ仰һ˿ûΣһָ֣ڳˣǹϵΨҶƣʱѹȵļӦЩħͷֻһˣΪ߲ĶɽڣԸ壬ΪԼһŵе߳ŭ
ôĿñȡ㻹ô񣡡
һħڵħ۸ֱֳУһͳһɱ˹ȥ֪һѪħͱԸʦȴû˼ǶҪ˻ῴһʲôֶΡ
һ״ֻЦһһָһ΢ɲĽָһ죬ħͷеһأꡯһѪħͷüġ
һ˲Ϣ˸Ӧ֮УħͷʧˣϢӦƺֻһտǣʲôûС
ڳֶʶ֮ˣֶζ֪Ȼֶθߵ͵Ĳ𣬵ȴҲʵʵڵʵࡣѪħͱԸʦУԭȻǿȴҲǿ˶ٵһһ˲ͳһָ֮ߵĸɽԼܹġ
һ겻ôôѪħ̲סʵ
һһūţô˵ôȱٽȱԽѵ
ѪħͷһΪһҪƣһ̣һڶǰƾݱһԶȥˡ
һּѪħʱԭЩսħŸֶ˵ӣٸͣһܡɢȥ
ܲˣ
һȻЦһ֣һ潣ıΧħͷŽҪƷ˭֪ոһĶԴû˸Ҷ֡
ȻסһȺħͷοϾͷһߺѶǡͿʼƵȷʽʼѶϢҪ˱һȰȥһҲתͷͳԸʦȥ
ҼǵбԸǰɣʶʱģ֪ѡҲ֪û˵յǷڵ˶ûн͸˵㴫ѶɢˣȻ㴫ѶȥҲãö׽üʹá
Ըʦɫ˲òҰףղȷʵ׼дѶȥһʦȡһʦɢʵ޺ĸ֮¡ΪֻҪλʦֳ㲻һȴҲֵܵһ󣬵һƣ˵ʲô׽øֵ飬ʱȫޡ
һĮĿ⣬ԸһٶǰһĻٻһУʲôǰ׷
ͨ
ԸеǸɴ࣬ͳһߺСɮԸ⳼ˡСɮ֮
һԸйһȻϲ˵ͷãȻϽҲһЩֶΣ֮ǰǵƵ°ΣڻǿƣӴ֮Ϊٲơ
Ըһ㶣Ϊʲôһû˿㣬ʹ֮ĨڣڲòЩķţѪħȡūӶõǨаƣҧҧһȥ
Ըøɴ࣬һҲ˷ʱ䣬һͽһȺڵȴָħͷͷŵӶƬ֮һ˦䣬һȺħ˳ֻղŲͬ϶һƹ⻷ȻѾ˽ơ
Ѫħ֮һûϷԱƸǿĽƣֻܹԹԹһ¡
񶼱˽ƣ˭ҲⲻˣҵĿģܼ򵥣Ҫջҵ޲TǣǲֻҪ޲TϾҵūͣ޲TǵĸҸ´ĵһ񣬾ոеˣǸΪū͡ҾͽˣѪħϣ㲻ҪʧڶΣһ֪ʧĴۡ
һھͽ齻Ѫħһ侯棬ѪħɫɷףæͷǣתҲ֪žһοֲ
ڱԴУҲҪǾΪṩ֪ķŵһϢλúʵ㽫Щˡ
˵䣬һƾһָСͳһԣƺڹĵʲôһշһȺˣɫҲģмƳ˱Ըʦһۣһ䡮ߡ㻮գһȺнȥ
򵥵ͽһУⶼʵʹȻһ˦ƹҲôֻúòáǵȴǴŮħȥ


һһ ᱦ֮
ħһϵļ̳ɫʯ죬⾫𽽹࣬һֹӶׯ֮Сʱ̳ݺύƣƺֹǰ
޲Tħɵļ̳ǽ죬ÿ涼Ҫ˰ݼΪħ첻أǲҪʲô˵޲Tħưʲô̳ԵЩͻأ
֪֮ȴô룬Ϊһ̳ݵĲأ޲TħԼ糬أµ׳֮⡣ҲΪˣһ̳Ҳ޲Tħ޲Tħ硣
ռ½޲Tħ֮׼֮޲TħһУԼʩչʲôֶζ޷ŷ
ħħϰ޲Tħ޶½ʵռݴ˵صҽħ޷ɸصʹãȻϲûȥһ̳Ҳû˼ƣհ޲Tŷˡ
һŮǰĿĵأ˵һõ޲T̳
һʲôطΪʲôǰ˴ץʱȥոˣƷƲɻʵ
޲Tħ磬޲TħĵطΪʲôȥո˶ԭܼ򵥣ҪԶԶǣһжĳɰܾڴһ١
ɰڴһ٣⻰ŮЩһô˵ˣȴûнͣҲٸʵףֻȥ
һĵ˵ͷܣнƾ۵ףǹһ˿мЦħӡ󡯣ڲʮͨϧĴͨǿŤתһᡣ
˵䣬һһ̤ǽ֮СһһĵĽӵͷ¡һһ㣬ƻֺĽӾȻֱһɢüһһˢɽӱ˻ȥ
зŸڴˣһĻȻҪŵù򵹵ϡԭһһֲƿȲõķŽƣ˵ӡǣ⽫֮ա
Ҫ֪ͨԪͬԪǻ̺ӡҲΪԪӴǳͨһʩչȻעʩǿҵͷҲˣԪȻǿΪͷԭ
ҲˣԪֻͨƽ⣬ܹͬ޽ͬһҪһ˲ͲգǼֱ췽ҹ̷
Ǹôˣһзųȥ˼ҸˣȻԼԼ·û·
Ȼϲûͨһе̫ϵͨокüƪЩͨҪǼߵλУһʺͲҲھѧᡣ
ʩչֶΣԼӵеͨǧĴ۲ȡõľᱦ֮õģһз𷨵ݣȡ
Ҫ֪ᱦϹʱͱΪĸŵĸԴڣһǻֵۣԴȪŸʶͨĿһ˴Сͨᱦ֮ɡ
˵ᱦĴ̺֮һзͨӡǣԶԣҲпһзֶͨΡЩӡǺֶһľעļ²Žѹұһա
˵Щӡǻ̫ǳһķΪҲֻܶЩû˿ƵĽͨвգڻˣֻҪ˷ڣֻһЩãֻҪгʱ䣬ᱦ˫˫ɳҪǳΪ棬ҪͻΪŵĿǡ
ȻЩǺ󻰡ȴ˵һ̤֮УͿʼһͨɵĽơЩÿһлɽٸֵһɶЩв
һᱦǰȴֻ߹һˢһжսᱦ֮СƽͨӣⲻûӴģԽԽǿ˺һСͨƽ⣬ֱͨ
ħӡһȴ˿ûаĴӡһѹҪһֻᱦĽⷴơֿûֶãͿʼֱһСͨɢ
䡯䡯ɽ䡯࡯һһСͨ࡯ɼҡءͨЩƣСʮֹġСԪ塯һʩչ²ġء١
һȻһЦϯħӡһתӲӣ˲ͻʮɸ£ǡ࡯ֶΣ̧һ̤Ͳͨ󡯺͡ڲϡ


һһ ޣ
ʮͨҲĴڣ֮ͫһ㣬СͨɣãųƵôͨħռаħħ򣬳ϷӡڲҲͬ죬ǾŴӡɣÿһӡǷͨеĹֶΣޱȣһǳưųƷĴھһѹаֶζҲӵУҲֻᱦĴ֪һҲ̣Ҫʶʶոҵķ𷨻۽ӣ˵ûħͻƵǰ硣
һ˼䣬Ϳʼ𣬱⻪˸ÿһⶼſصĽ£ɢ̴ζ޻ÿһ仨һӣǶվоǳ˼ÿһдζ
֮Ӧģһĸߴȴͷǻ٣ݱ°ɳĴڲ֣ûһԵɱߣ̤޻У֮Ӧͣ·ڲϷ
һžĴ޻д̴㻨ζ޹֮Сһ˲䣬һһҪĸоᱦ˷΢΢һͽѳ
СģͨСȻڽ֮⣬ҪСģǣ
һŮһ䣬Լȴ˿ûСĵ˼һ̤޻֮УߺһذˣƣȻԡԡͨз
оһǲм֮⣬һڸӡҪͨơԡͨ
һһԡǵԼͬʱᱦֻġڸӡȻ˲䱻飬ģ飬롮ԡУ˹
ӡӡӡʨӡʨӡ⸿ӡǻӡӡƿӡ
ֻǾŴӡʩչ˿ûֹԡᱦ֮˲ȻһмһݵӰ
һӰһ̤޻Уʱһɹɷ𷨼ӳ棬Ȼʼԭ޻ķ𷨼ӳ
Ǳûǻ۵ƺЩŭһѸǴ󣬼ţİײҲ׷׳飬Գһ˫ĿĶһӰŭһһƴ
һͬǡǻӡ֮ǿȴ֮ǰİٱ񱩵ĹһѹʱӰ÷飬ɢ֮䡣
ҷϣҷҷ
ŭһвݵζһ̤صаħûзո˼һҲ
ǻӡһǻۣǻ֮һ谭ãһͨҪˣͨҶҪˣ
ŭֻͨûǻۣһ˵ʲôͷָֻһӡ䵽·ͣΪһƪ̱⽫ס䲻ȥ
һȻһЦһɷŷעᱦ֮УʱǴ̱ⱬٱ֮ܣۼŭɢڻһͨϴˢ飬뱦֮С
ŭŭҪٳֶ֣ζӲᱦϴˢһʱ̣ŭСԭСָģһı⣬һ˲䣬ƺǻһ㣬ǹһ˿Цݣ뱦֮ʧ
һ쾰һҲ֮໹æԼ̨ûʲôŷġ֪һԨصĵطһߴޱȣĿĴڣҲͬЦ
˵һ̤޻У΢΢һ̽㷢һ֮ͨԭ޽ƣﻯ
ѹ̤ħ򣬳ɾϷ֮ԭˣͨ޽ټδ˻ͷ·⡮Ҿ°ɣ
˵䣬һֽᱦһһɴ̱ɳһ󡯱ûʶᱦôһ͹ԹУһͨȥˡ
ˣзŽƶƿһȡСͨͨСͨҲͰˣͨûѧᣬᱦڣֻҪʱգͨվգʱʵٴΰһΡ
ſտյļ̳һԹԵĵ˵ͷҵģվҵˣ˵ŵһЦԾϣһ̤ڼ̳롣


һһ ħӰɹȡ
վڼ̳룬ûһһӰεڳ֣ЩӰеĸߴ࣬еŮ˼ͯӣÿһӰĸоǾԵ
Ӱһͬ˵˭˴ǵİߣǺļ̳ߣƻߣ
һԣЦһԭ޲Tħһħɸ֣ϴڣֻķֻһӰˡǼ̳ߣҲƻߣҸеĶ޲TħǾҵġ
һ˿İԵЩ޲TħµӰһ㶣ͬĴȵǼ̳߾ǵˣ˾Ҫٲ
˵䣬ÿһӰųһԾĹֱָһЩÿһɢɸȫһΪһɸֶҪ˵ڼ̳֮ϣòɢǿʮ
һ״Ȼѧ˾ħ䣬ԻѳԼǼ̳ˣƭЩ޲TħӰȻҲҪܿ飬Ȼ򵥰ٱֻȶȡ˿Ȩ
ֻмڶһȺħӰ֮£ͬҲҪһֶ֮ΡЩԼһ֣޽һնһԲЩӭȥ
һ챬죬һһպøЩħӰĹԡЩħӰ׼ʱһߴħӰڵ޲Tħҵļ̳ˣ
һȥֻ˻ɷ죬ħ֮ǿһϾȻԼмƣ˵˶Ȼ˵޲TħʱӰ
˵ǰǿħ·ٴҲñȽһ£ֻһӰҲʲôնǰԵȴһɣ
˵һٲ֣޽նһѰĽ⣬ÿһնһħӰЩħӰ뷴Ҫֵʱ򣬺ͣͲƺǰɱĽѾʧһ롣
ۡۡ
һ촫ЩԭزӰ׷ױƣʱľګĿ֮в¶һ˿ֺɻ󣬵ʱѾˣЩӰһ޲Tħǵһһ̺ĽնƣҲ޷ʼ׷ɢȥ
ǰ޲TħǿħһȻնϣһϢĿһһۣһЦûü˵ʲôֱɢ
ͬʱɽĳһоʲô͵ȻһЦСӣȻնϷ˼һҲãһһҲˣ޲Tħʲôģˣ˵䣬һסٴν֮С
ȴ˵һһնɱ޲TħӰûϲΪ˵Ȼ顣ǵһʩչֶͨΣýڵɱӰ鿴նɱЩá
֮ͨǿĽǻͨͨĵĽֶΣ»ҪһսΣһйڵĸԴպ֮ʱӦö򣬲ֻͨȻЩӰѾȥǾͽһɡ޲Tħϴеħ̳޲TħǵıԴѾ޲Tħ޽ǳɾɼ鱦ϣҪʲô鷳ͺãҪ⶯֣ȴǷʱˡ
˵䣬һŮ֣ʾǹһ˼̳ܣҵһƽָ㣬һ޽͹档
֮޲TԴӳ֣Ϊ𣡡
飬һһĶͷһħ֮ԳǼֵǧħ׷׹ݣȻͣȴεΪ׳ۣһħԳǹʵĹħݣȻ٣Ҳ˿
ڹ֮󣬾ȻеħԳֻϳȻϣɫʹ⣬Ѥмʶ˾ͱóǲʹ⻹ǾĶϵĶЩʹⶾ֮ڸںɫеӰҲңңݣһħٵĵħͶ
ħ䡯޲Tħ´еħһʩչʱ˼̳ǣ޲TԴԭƽ˾ļ̳ʱأһɹŨҵͬصҽϢƺҪһû
һϲΪֻҪ˱Դ֣пƾ޲Tħӡǣ޽ȡ޲Tħǡ齣𣬵ն۷̾նϡ
ڴʱһ·ޣ̶һ뵱鱾ԴƵϢȻͷѹ
úã
һͺһ޽ͶУǱԴϢ֮һ̶֮ƺڱƴ˭߰˭ǿ󣬵űƴ쾹Ȼںһٱ˴˲֡
һһԽޱȵĽǹһ˿Цݣɹˣ


һһ ת߱
һУ֮У޽ɳֽ̧סһ˲䣬һоһ޵Լע
ˣ֮ͫҿ
һĶͷ֮ͫһĿ֮һжıɫﶼиԵĽڲƣʱһɰϢˣԶѰˡ
˿ʼԼ϶ѻۣһͷϲѡȻҲ²һħǵӦʮӴ󣬵Ҳû뵽ȻӴҲ˵˵֮ǰʮࡣ
ã̫ˣ
һãڴʱƺʲô֮ͫ𣬱һɺǽ֮
һɽ֮ۿҪƮɢȥѰʿˣȻߵԽãһȴͬһɽ֮ƮɢһУ֮ͫǽ֮ץȥ
֮ͫǷ֮ͨпƽ˵ĴͨΪƽ֮һץǽ֮ҪɢȥܣֻܹԹԱץ
Ҿ;ʲôԾԭûɢȥһûȡһˣ½֮ȥǳ̫Ϲ˲ѹ͸дٽ١ȻҴ˼֣ҲǶȹѡ׻ơѲк󸣡ûڽ͸ʱתʱˡɣ֮ͫһһˣת
˵䣬ԭֻõĽ֮ͫ˲ʵһͫһüġһǾקһɽ֮ͳͫ˹ȥ۽֮Ѳã֮ͫһʹϽȥ
һɽ֮֮ͫ·õ˰Ķǳɫͫ׷ɿתƬ֮󣬱һ֮һ˲һ޲Tһ˲ϼʹ˳һͷ
һһˣӳ֣һ־ͳ˵ĺġ˲ϼΧһ˻ᣬԭΪһʹǡ߱ͨʱɢҲʼ
һͷϲҲƬ̳ɣͿʼ֮ǰʹùֶᡮ
ĸǹºˣ˳ˣɢĹ¾ۼʼۡȻ°빦
̶ʱ䣬Ѿ˳Σٹһʱ۳ɵһģ˺ȻٶɷǳѸ٣һ죬죬죬ʱ䣬ͷѾɫ·Ϊˡ
ǡ֮еǲ̫ԶֻǳΡ۹ȴ֮ǰʮ
겻ӰȴǳΪ˳Σʮӣ±ɸҪֱͻ̫ˡ
۶һĵ˵ѾƿɵƾƯ»ὥص޲TԴ֮УתˣȴҲܿƣοܵ˱͸ˣ̫ϹͬҲûбҪתޡ
ˣɢ罫֮Уǡ߱ӦþǴ˵еġͨ˰ɡ̫ϵҲἰ˵֮ͨе࣬ǿһʩչǬŤתطޱȡ̫ϵĴ֮оȻҲû⡮ͨǡ߱ķŵǻмӡܹἸ߱ǾǱˡ
һ뵽˴ͱŮҲ⽫ֶչʾǿϥʼ䵱ǡ߱
߱Ѿ֮ӡ̵ӡȻģģȴҲܹݣΪˮǴߣʮʮʱ䣬ſʼյһ˿ۼ
߱Ͻ𣬰顢衣֮⣬ɫޱ䣬Ⱦתްѣа֣򷨹һް֮ɣ
һһޱȵľ飬һɡֳڣץΣͷɢ˾ͱ׽ɢ߲ʹ⻪ӡöһ۵߱˵߱衣֮ԱȴΪǶᣬԲ˲١
öӣѾʮ⣬ϾöܹڹؼʱŤתǬΪܳס
һףö߱衯üģᱦϡֻպҪʹټ˿̳֮¼ƺжŮҲš
ֻһָýƿ޲TǵƾվһȻŮγһΧסᾧһṩ˱һĺ
Ѿ˰ʱ䣬ǲʧҪСֶΣǷܹԸǳɹǻһҪˡ˵䣬ͳȥ


һһ ԴѹһУϣ
һƿ޲TħǵıԴ˵õ˼ӳ֮⣬ƿ޲Tħϵֱ仯γ򵥵飬ܹԴ֮ӳ֣ǿ
˵޲TħǾսҪ֣ӳ˵ǴˣѹѹѰɼ֡
ȻԼҲˣҪ֣˭ҲǰԷϳսһǶԿ֣û̫ʵսˡ
һ޲Tһϳ޲Tϵһ鶼ͷԼ֮£ӡ֤Ǿ仰֮Ī֮Īһһˡ
һʹӱԴ֮еõ˲Ҫ֪Ϣǹһ˿Цû뵽ٶȵͦ죬ãǾ˺Щ鷳
˵䣬һҲûж̫鲽ȴǽñԴ֮һͿ絽֮ǰĴϣʱħͷںɨţһһ׷׹ݸߺ
ƺһûʲô飬ֻһ䡰ǶҽйɣԼת߱ٲȻһħ̬
Ƭ֮ȺǰһѪħΪ׵ħŸ֣һθߴΪףȻͷ졣
Ѫ޲TħħŵӰ£ԸΪЧң
ԸΪЧң
Ҳ֪ʵǱԭѪħĴ֮£ڵ⣬ӶɽٵͽħޣҲʲôħǣʲô£ʱȴͬʱһΪ
ãܺã̶̼Ϊͳһħǣû
²ҾϹȫϣħŵѣĹ鸽
øĹ鸽Ϊʲôҷֽ˱ϴЩü׶ûм
⡭Ѫħܹڰ²ԸħǵĸͳȻٲɱ¾ֶΣһһʣ뵽Լԭɵݣɵóһ¡
ϣЩ˲ͨڤ粻飬翹ףҪħǰַԡҾΪŻ
Żһޱĸһ飬һЦøŻЩ˻ԭݣ᲻ٹ⣬Ͷ뱾£ȷʵȻɱˣǾɱúãɱӺպ޲TħǾͽҴˡ
һǵû𷣣佱ԼҪ޲TħǽԼѪħͷһɼ̶һϲ
ħһһתͷȥһȺ塣һȺ˱һ˵ģ˭֪棬Է˵Ƴ֮ģڸм֮ⶼûС
ǾҰɣ徹Ȼǰ˴ѵ֪޲TħλãǰԼ뱾µİɣ
ˣʲôˣȻ¡屻ħźͷϰ㣬±ٴѹƣ»ūշĪʧħҲֱûᣬԹԽūͲ
һһ꣬ϢӦǽӽսССͣνⷬƺ˳ϣһ׷׽кãΨǰû˵ĿһϣƺҪʲô
һһһĻͷЦΪ嶼ӣû뵽Ȼˣ˼ȻˣǾǺҲڲãҹԹūţūɣ
뵽˴һҲ˵ֻǻƾһ󣬱һͳ˹ȥһ޲Tħǵ˿źۼѪħȸӦϢĸֶûо˵һȺΪ壬ȵǲŸо
Сģ
һȣ峤ֱʹͬҪ赲ǳ־Ѿˣ˵һӡ޲TԴ֮Ƶġ

һҽдǱʹ̽һ֮˵Ӿһһ̣һתȻһѪС
֣ȻѪҺǶͷôܻһ壬ȤȤѵɣǰոˣоʲôĵȽɣ
һ뵽պпʼ峤ƺû뵽һ˵º֣ͷŭһ׷𵶱Ҫնɱһ
˶ǵͬɽٵΪѪħһأ˸óУս̬Ϣ仯ƺֶ̲Ρ
Щֶƿ޲TħǵһǰҲ߹һưȥ
һɴ޲TħǱԴЩ޲T޲Tмơһ˲䣬ǸоԪȻҰһ㣬ܿƣҪƾӲһµʱһԪıǰ

죬ֱӺڱϣȴû𻵱棬峤ˣ䵽ϻѡ


һһ ԴѹһУ£
һƵУһֶαǰһθ𺳡Ҫ֪峤֧źħŶԿĶսһĻᶼûУĻȥ嶼ʧȥ˵ֿ֮ģ׳Ƴˡ
峤ƿϹ֣οô򵥾͸׳Ƴ˺ݺݵĶһʹǹ峤ʵ㵽ʲôˣԩ޳ΪʲôҪǿѹǣҪոɣ
һԣǺһЦʹڣȴһŮ峤ԭ峤˾һǰʥ֮͵ȡˣ
Ůվǵȡ֮ģҲѵĵѪ졣һûκΣȻ
⻰ԭȻ˶ʱȺ鼤ܣһҪһ黹ʥֻһ˵ʱΪСѾʲô֮ģܻҲܹ黹
֪һݣλ峤һ񣬱ʹǹ峤ٴοڵʥֻҪϽʲôҪ󾡿߾ȫΪǲǾĵˣڵˣӵģ
ӣӣλ峤ڣһʱӷ׷׿ڸߺɤžʹһһ㽫ݶ𷭡
峤ƺΪȫģϻοתͷһҪȴ
һ£ȴˣһôΪǵҪЮЭһ˿Цһ˲䣬һݵϢʹϷգۼʹ޲Tħǡ
һʱ䣬޲Tħǵ˶оϢΪӦÿߣȴһ޵ǣתԪʱʮӣȻʹϵĸоһˤڵء
֮УܵϢΪŨңħ߻ãȻһɫ԰ף֪һļ֡һߣΪѾˤˣΨһվסֻзϵĸ֣Ҳֻվסվ⣬˶ͬ˾һ㣬λƣʱҪ
㵽ʲôһҲ̲ס
һҲǲ߶౾Դ޲TħǽиѹֻžһһҲˤڵأһ£峤̲ס˴ס֣ס֣֪ˣסְɣ
һһһ֣бԴ֮ջأ俴ǾδһˣҪҿǣǲ룬͸Ұֵ㣡
⻰֮ǰ˵֮˶ȻţһչʾԴ֮ѹһеֶ֮ǾһħҪҪܹʲôġʶһ㣬ԭǿƵ嶼ԹԵͷһо
һĵ˵ͷһתҪʲôʥҿԸ㻽Ȼÿϲϸǻȥˣ
⻰˻ɻƺʥﲢʲôʱһ˵ʨһСģ޴һз˳滹һֻɫѻ
˼һĻΪһųӦԼһʥ˰վûһԲԲѳ֣ʱЩżˡ
ʡ£ʥﵽʲôط
һҡͷЦһָָڸСֵСҵǾһʥ
ԿȥСһʱ䣬Ǳһѹ˵ֶʼ궯峤ƺסŭ²ҪЦˣʥôһСѵ
⡮ѵֺĻû˵꣬峤ʱһ㶣ΪһǿϢѾԼϢԴǡС
ѱϹޣ˵ʼѪѰ嶼ҪСұһոӷԸҲͰˣСҲ˫һһޣ൱ȴáС˵˵Լ
һʱ䣬Сҽ̰֮޽ӽɽˮ׼ϢųϢ֮дΪϹ޵Ϣһ˲ͳ峤ѹ˹ȥ
峤оһѹʱٴУʶⲢʲôС׼ֿСҵʱһʹ峤æܣҪܾʥ
⻰ƺҲʲô׷ɫһ䣬һ峤Ǻԥ͹ȥݼʥޣ
峤һݣȫͬʱ͹һ롣峤оСҵϢһգʱ͸еʲôҲߺݼʥޡ͹ȥ
һ£峤Լ嶼ȥʱݵĳεΪ׳ۣǵ޵Сȴһ㶣ƺ֪ΪʲôЩ֮ǰ˵ĻҪݡ


һ߶ ո壬ھ
һȻûϵСҾȻ̬ȣҲûҪСշһУСҺС˹һڽűߣһվڼһӥȮģ
Ŀ·ݵ壬˵ǵʥﲻϸǻȥģ
⻰˶̧ͷɫäĿ֪룬󶼿峤峤Ҳѣһ̼ʵʥʥСҸһƺֻһ·ߡ
һ峤볯һȥߺԸ鸽ʥʥ
峤һ򣬺Ӷһ㶣ܿ׸øʲôת˷ֱӳһݣߺʥ
һڣ޲TħҲԵõĹݡݾ˵ѾĽһ¡
һȻǿѹٷЩҲ⣬ͷһáһӣʱԭʩЩϵԪɢͬʱ޲Tħǵ嶼ͷſ
Ӧ˵λ峤ϲѣٴθߺʥǵһħŵֱ䣬ҲŹһʱ޲Tħǣħŵӻӵܣһڹݣһ֮
ãܺãҶе֮վȱһ˿ƽˮĸȻҲվ̫٣޲TħͲһˣӴ󣬾ͨҪʩչҲòˣȻˣ鱦
һˣһŤתһ֮޽С޽һ˵ƷɽǧʮƷɽһٰöɽٸ֣ɢɵѪעٱ֮һ壬ʱ仯ƺС
鱦һ͵飬οô鱦޲TħҲ࣬żֻ趨עͷһߡ
޲Tħǣħź嶼һ£ҲһΪѡʺϵѡΪħźĳԹʷƽ뷨ûҺͺãһ֮Ѫħ峤Բ
˴峤ȻӦѪħȴЩԸطܹһҡ
һ˼һ֮뵽ѪħǱһ֡Ѫű䷨Ҳǲս
޲TպôҪΪڹǱԴʮϵɣƣ¹޲TħǵǴСãӦһλط̫Ϲ֮ѡʺϵǰ
˺һʱ䣬һͨ޲TԴӦ޲Tħ޲Tħǵֱ򿪡Щм¼ȴ޷򿪣Ѿʧʷ֮ûпһ޲TħǱԴİһ׾һһҵ
Щ֮дǱһĴڣ˴ѰƷȻ۷ҩƷߣװѰȴǴ´ࡣ
ȴǲ䱦Щ䱦Ȼ࣬ÿһʮ־ˡ鱦нټȻûжɽϵ鱦֮ŵһƬˣҲǾƷ
ֻɽġ֮ʯ޾֮µġȪˮнᾧġоġԴƬ
ֱ˵һѹ̵ĲƲҪʮֱ̾ħǿħ˲֪ĲƸȻޱȡ˵Щν漫
确֮ʯ㹻˲䲹ԪģȪˮΪΪϴɽɼ鱦޽ɵķоԲ󷨣ƱôԴƬ壬ˣΪСԪ塯ӻ
һܽһ¾ûнֶɣҲݺ£˼޵С˵ҪЩķʱҲǲСԵõһûԴ󣬷˼βܽһ󻯵
һھĻþһֻŵ޲TǻԾħŵӻӵܣõһﶼȸԾһµһݹ֮
ʱţ֮Ʒ뼧Ⱥת˵ΪͲͣƽһ̣ڵʶѾͣһιۿһȡԴɡ߱衯á
ѵõȻһٵ춨˵Ϊһ֮󣬵ڶеˣƷƺͼȻ󣬵ҲžֻҪ㹻ʱҪ춨Ѿǲˡ
ŮתãСҲ˱Ըһ˻һһϢ


һ߶һ ռת޷
һһֱСΪ˲˷ʱһֱ˳ָŮСһգָ춨͵е÷ţȥµС˱Ըлط
СһСеˣϢѽϢһǲ˷ڵ򣬸һֱӴĺģһǷͺ¿ħĴսһ
⻰һǹһ˿ЦݡһеԭȴҪԴħһ崩ռġռֶΡ֡ռֶֻҪ㹻ǿΪܹңԶгʱĿռ֮ţ
׼ڿ֮ǿرԴ֮Ϊ򿪡ռħһĴ͹Ϊ壬ֱӽֻȴǰһ¡һȴҪ̵ֶΣΪԼı
ԭһ׼޲TħΪڵ㣬ͨһռṩ̫Ϲ޲Tħ֮޲TħΪݵأһƽ̨
ƽ̨һԶµӣֻᶷһǸħҲʹ죬ʱǵԱ֪֪ˡ
Ըʦ֮ͻ롣뵽ȻҪŪˮɴཫͷźħŶϽյĴռֶֻҪбԴ֧֣ܴ֮ͨͨ
õúãܹһͨͨŵͨһ磬̫Ϲͨ޲TħΪһ磬һΣ޲TħҲӰȫ
һУһȻҲΪСʦ֮ϵ飬ȴǻࡣһͽռͨ͡ΪħͨС֮ԼͰĵո޲Tħǡ
ʱգСڻطôһϢһ׼Ҳͷһϲ˿СɫεıԸʦȻһЦ
һεĿĵΪΣҲ³ˣǸ˴£ѾǷͽֻһ·ԹѡǾǹ˳ң·һ
ԸʦǴˣҲԹٴνһĽƣûгɹƽȴǲңϾһͱ¶Լ׽˽Ƶһķ֮УٻᱻԵڱȿ޲TħǸٱ
ֽƣ͸ԼƽԶһҪ˿ԥľʹӦûаиһôһ˵֪ڵ̬ʱ
˿һЩ𼶸֣˵ͷҲԼΪŵӵ֣͸ȥ·ڹݷһ㡣ķŵȻԾԸʦôҲҵֿһž͹ȥ
һ״һЦһáһû뱾ԸüġԸбΪһҪɱ¸ݶĽֶΣɫɷףһֳ̣һϲ֮ɫһ˫۾ֱֱһ
ϣ⡭ʮ֮ͨУųս޵Сͨô
׼ȷ˵ǡľŴӡ䲻ͨţȴҲǿһͨķ·ҽ͸Ҳǰװ״裬ǸоһͨЩԣǳɹްҪһݹͣǳ⣬һᾡ㣬Ȳȵȴ˵ˡȻѡҲˡ
ԭһǰȡʱ͸оһ˿޵ĹϢֻǵʱΪ˻ñԴûϸ
ϸ֮󣬷ͨƺһĶһʣͿ޴ı仯Լõ˴ͨзţҲûøԸʦĿģǾϼѣһҩĺѡ
⻰ԸʦһȻоеĺûһȻô˵ˣǶȻЩ顣ͷɵôùġ
Ǵˣ˶ܺͬμֵȡᡣһ˲֪ԼͨһֻܳΪһҪһĴϵһ߻ᶼܡ
һͨгɡûȻòʵߣΪĸһٶãôʧܣĺǱǲ֪ʲôĴƣҲһǱ
뵽˴ھһصص˵ͷϷģԸԸΪ̽ǰ·
һҪܾȴôӦ¶һ˿Цݣ΢΢һЦãܺã˵䣬һ֣һƬƴСҶӴüķɳڱԸģᱦҶӡ
Ըпķޣβϵ÷ĸҶӡȻʣ˼һתʱʲôһıֱһ䣬ԭεʱ⼸ٴγĹл


һ߶ ǧĿǧţͨ
ЩӦõġȵøһǿҵĴǿޱȣʱ˰㣬ǧҪϧֶΣҶųӦһ֮
һȻ֪شڵʲôˣѾһ㡣Ҫ֪ʼҪ̤ɵľ磬ܶණ֮ܶǰµ顣
籴Ҷ̫֮ţڵĽ֮ƬЩͿһ·ĶҪһ˶Ϻͽ⡮ֶȻվȲЩҲֻһСһˡ
򵥽Ҷʹ÷ŴڣԼԡһ֮ͻأĿʵ֪ʦ̫ʲô
ʦ̫ѵֵųǧĿǧŵʦ̫ɡԸг˶һ֮⣬һֱǰȺ۵ʦ̫ţʱͳһ
ǧĿǧţһһ£ΪʲôƺΪΣ
ϲ֪ԸƺЩԾȻҪڶһ˵ʱƺʲôܣһһֵǿƣ˴
һȻЩ⣬޲TѾΪ˺԰֡Ҳɣּ䣬޽򿪣һȿռ޽ǰ
һĻԸгԾͬʱҲ¶ĵı顣һһݣſڵʦ̫֮ԱǧĿǧţΪóʮ֮ͨеġ󷨡Ϊɢ֮£ǰ޺۷ĸ֡
󷨣޺ڣһҲһѹֱԸҪСˡ󷨺ųƼԿɵİ޺Ϊ߶˼伸ûѼ졣֮⣬޵˸ߴǻ𻨣ֻҪһԼͻᱻӦһ֪жԼıƣһıΡ˵ֶȻսҲޣȴǷ֮ͨѽͨҲУ޽϶Ϊһ˼򣬽ˣǼҲó֮ǰ̸˵֪ڴע⣬һҪ־ʦ͸ˡ
һ˲䣬һ˼ǧ֮ѯʦ̫Ҫѩ֮ǰ֪֪ˡ֪ѲЩԥ
Ϊ㶼˷ŶԣʵгɾȻηηѵ統ôöʱͶ֣ʲôֶΣҲҪһʦ㱻Ի󣬶УպΪ˷
һˣһͷᶨԸУڵͽ֪һйʦ̫˵ɡ
Ըмһ֪Ҳ˳ȥԻһ£㽫Լ֪һж˵˳
֮޲Tħ룬һСŮԸ˴һѾŪ࿪̫ͨϹ˵ĿռͽСˡͳ֣ԱԴ䣬һн㶨ᣬڷƷƺ̶Эɣ
˵˴һҪȥԴӺϼ˫֮Щ̶ȴǰһס˫ǲ᲻ԸʱƷҲǰһһ˫һƺǧ˿Ҫ
һ״֪Ϊ֪һΣգΪ׸ûǿͬǵǵȴûмᡣ
뵽ֲ뵽ǲ֪ɽ״СףԼ갵ȴŵѩСǱ߶ʱûа취ˣѩȴٳ⡣
ǧ飬飬ѳһƬ˼˭̸
һͷ꿴һСʫͷһһ˺֪ɹ
뵽ǿϼһЦݣԴЦǿСѾ춨˵ﻹûгɹʱͺúУպдáΪǳɰܣ۽
һ˵߲ἰġΪ򡯶֣Ʒƺͼ϶һ죬ƷƲħŮ֪һ𣬱Ҳһ̶ÿÿ͵ȷȢһͬܰɣ
һһ㶣һЦͷããһͬܣ
˵䣬һһ𣬼ݹ⣬ԸУ޲T⣬һӲӵĹâ˸֪ǾСͨһʱͨͨͷʥأĺڡ
ʦ̫ڵļʥ֮һȻ֮УȻǱԵҲСľ롣һʱռͨ
߰ɣȻһҵҪһ˵һһЦץԸоʹʱͨȥ


һ߶ 򣬾ž
ɽΪƣһһħһһǺɽפؾɣ̨ϹɽΪĴ磬ħǱΪն֮صġħ򡯣ڷȴΪص
ħǹħͬԭֻѰһƬ򣬵Ϊλƫ򣬲Ϸȸʮɽ壬ǱħһƬѲѣʹսݡ
ȻһǰڶɶʼƬ򴫾ɢ𷨡һСŲ˿ã˭֪ʮʱ䣬ھ͸ħƽϢһսҷõһƬһٻ
ɽ˵Ȼħ̣ȻһܹٽķʲôԣĴھĬʮķչڳΪ󶥼ڷŶĺĿƣһƬ򼸺罻Ը㣬ΪΪص
ħ򣬲Ҫʱ䣬Ҫһ˱Ըͨʱͨڣ֪
ãã֮УÿһС磬ӦŨ֮һͷԱȽһսͳ棬յóħȴǲĽ
Ҳħλ򣬲ɱ¾ԭ򣬷Ƿſħħͷɱ¾ǵͽħͷֻҪǧħҲǼΪԶԸĴڡ
һһ˷ŵϳΪѰѩټԹ۲ԸֵλãϢͳַȥ
֮е࣬ԷŮΪҲʦ̫ɸ֡Ϊ䵭鲢̫⣬ϲƫһ磬ʹҲλõıԵñһ̽
ʱ⣬һϢ⡣˿ľС磬ɫֲܲƣҲɵЩĿĸо
ϣоž޴Ϊ󣬵ؼƷ޽ӽ켶֮Ѳ󷨡ҵǰΣⲿ󷨻Щ˽⣬ǽ㣬Ǿ޷ѭˡ
Ŷž޴󣬵ؼƷ󷨵ֵҳһԡ
˵䣬һһ֣ҲñԸпָ㣬̤̫鲽һͿ֮УɲǼ䣬Żֶʱɱ֮Ѱʿһ£Ҫ˲ʧǡ
һȻѰʿܱȣҲκξķΪѾʯ޿תƣ޿ɶҡֻһԺвϻصɱ֮ĵȴԽƽ
ʮʱ䣬һ㿴һı仯ҪģȻһ˾ųɣһ̫Ϳ˹ȥ
ڶ㣬һʼҲĵֶΣ˺ͿʼΣǹ֣ꪳЩǹ֮Уͻأ֣Σɱ˷ʤ
ֶζӵ̫鲽һ˵ɱ˲ټСгɵġСԪ塯˲ˣǾ͵ֱһ󷨡һûѡǿڻѰʱ
һǵûͣЪ˼²Ϊ󷨴ʦʦżϡȻֻһ֮ңȴҪһŵĻᣬһ˵þǸᡣ
㣬֮ǰı仯֮⣬˻ûı仯ЩͬӰȥ֮⣬ȵͰٱֲм̤һе
ֻ֮ǰһ㣬Щһֺ󷨱仯֮ҵĴڣ仯һ
Ϲޣ˺ᣬȻ紿ķˣ֮һߺһ£ųܹˣϹŴʥλ㵹Ĵڡ
һ֮Ȼ㲻һϲͨҲûôȤһﲢʵڣԱħ˵󷨡һĻһԵıԸо۾ɳһ죬Ȼˡ
˺󣬵Ĳ㣬㣬㣬߲ȻһһѣԽսԽµһԣֻһϼѵ鳡ƿ߲ò֮˸Ӧ仯Ϊ󷨴ʦ۷ˮ׼
ڰ˲УֿԻرԴƣһΣ֮ǰ߲Ҫ֡ڴǰһûж޲T磬籾Դľ飬»ҪУྭܳƻӳ
һأһ֮󣬽յڰ˲ıʣСıԴѹ


һ߶ ʦѩ
û뵽ǰòһѹһУȴҪֶͬѹõǣñԴ֮ʹã½ֻ֮ززˣ
һȻоǿѹȴǵû˿֮⣬ԽսԽ¡ת̫鲽ڱԴĸѹ֮Ҳƽأ˿ΪӰ졣
˻ᣬϳ̽ȥȻÿһζЩвȴҲڰ˲ı仯˽˼֣ڵһ֮̽¶һ˿Ц⡣
ãô죡
һֻԲһӡͺһӡǱ߾Ȼһ˿˿֣еϢʮϤȻ޲Tħǵһ˿Դ̧֮һףһƱԴ֮һķԲ֮УʱһСС󷨾ͳϡ
һ̣һҽод¶һ˿Цݣһ󷨣׼ȷ˵һħݶԡž޴󡯵˽ıһɽկ
ԭ޴ͬһһ˿޲TħǵϢڣħޱħȻңԶľѾɢ࣬ԴħϢȴ˿ɢΪħĸԴ
һ־ͽһħͶ롮ž޴֮СƺΪƶݣȻܿͽһħ˽ȥܿ죬һ˿г֣ԭ֮гһ˿Ȼһ˲ţȴһסˡ
ľһ仯ǲ᲻ϱ仯վν䣬ͨͨãһֲǺģгɣһΪҵ춨ɣ
һȻһЦᣬʶɢȥڰ˲㣬ھŲ㶼룬һ˲䣬ž޴󡯵ֱ仯ɱУᶼͨȻͬʱ֮űԴѹֱѹϣȴʧ
ѹʧҲһȻʧ֮еһ·ʧһ㣬һɱԴѹȥڱһԵԸҲסȻѹ͸ԼȥȴоûС
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Ҳǽˣ󷨴ʦʦ˵㻹ǲ㣿
ʲôʦ
ԸڸоһҡͷȴһӰͷԽԽߴһȴǲ˼һУץԸоһڰ˲ھŲֱ֮һƬ֡
ͨһССסˣʦ̫ȴǺöԸģǲǳõģ
˭֪һȴҡҡͷ˵⻰ѾˣΪ֮ͣѾܵһӭˡ
һ䣬Ȼʮɫݹͷ˹ÿһݹǿȾȻڶɽ֮ϣȻ֪ǿߣҲѰ˳ɳȶ
ʮݹڵ棬һŮᣬΪߵһɽڵĸ֣һ֣ʱñԸɫѿ
ˣŮֵʦ̫ȻΪսͬѰʹǧ壬аȥħǿޱȣͬħͷǰҲҪܵв
ԸдܣһΪĵ˵ͷʦ̫ӦСĶ˱Ըһۣһҵ˭ˣԭǱԸʦܣ֪ʦܵкҪ£Ϊβ·д֮£ʦԱߴЩħѵҲʦ֮ͬ˲ɡ
ԸǷеţǧ޳ɶɽ٣ν˽֪Ȼ񱻱⣬ҲжɽĻᣬڣɵɡ
ڱԸ׼ڴһµʱһȴһ˳ǴǰһˣһŮˣѩһǰʦ̫ģ֪֪֪֪ҡ
ʦ̫һھѾЩ֣áѩ֣ɫ΢΢һ䣬һǺˣΪʦãʦѾʦ£ִ󷨣ִҵҪȥɣҪʦóɾʹ󷨵Ļʱźá
ɾʹ󷨣̳֣һһҡҡͷǲ׼ȥˣȻˣҲǿһԼȥң
һ˵Ҫȴʦ̫ȡȵȣ˫һǧɫ֣Ȼһһǰ
Ҫʦãȹһأ
ãܺãŮỹһ·Ȼ·㲻ߣҾµɣ
һѩҪͷѾżﻹˣһȾͽ޽ȡվնȥ
һĻԭʮʦ̫оһϢɫ˲òҰסֶζԸ޾㣬һôǿľޣֻоԼʱҪ
ʱһϤŮڵʩ飡


һ߶ ʦ̫ؾ
˻һڳŮæתȥңңһ񣬶ԸɫٴѿСĴϣ˾ǧĿǧŵʦ̫
һȻڣʦ̫ڵԸʦ˵Ĳƶʦ̫ǧĿǧ֮ҵ
ʦ̫һھͱ˱ԸеĴʱԸһҲǷŽ֪ܳ㲻һţҲ󷽷վ˳ʦ̫һ
һͷʦ̫һݼɵҲޡ󷨡Ȼʦ̫һأվа壬Ҳġ
ƵԶңң߳һӰ˹ֵĳǰ֮Լʦȥ֪ʦ̫ɻǵã
Ӱʱպ˳һŮᣬӺգϢһŮ̬Ȼ뵱ѩмơ
ֻʦ̫һʮһ꣬ѾΪʵǿϲɺأ֮ԼƶȻǵãƶһҪǵѴӦſ㽫ѩͽߡ
ѩͽһüͷһ壬ѩڶԷУƤû˺ƣҲǿʵʲôҪ˵ǿԣҴӦҲǲɣ̫ǿѣǾ͹ֲǿˡ
ǿִŨŨɱ⣬һʱֵ徻Ԫóɱ֮һĻǰһֵʦ̫ɫ䣬ʱһʵܹġ
ʦ̫Դȴδţ΢΢һЦһ˿ƽ͵Ϣѹסɱ⣬־ָƽνȻʦ̫ʤǽ˼ֱԴ֮ǵûСһ߿һۡ
ѷģƶҪܼ򵥣ڵĸ˵Ϊ֮顣Ǿһǧ꾲޷𣬲Ƿгɣ³֮ѩͽȥΣ
һǧ꣡һ·ʲôЦһһЦʦ̫һǧʱ˵ȷʵĳһҲϵ飬ʦ̫ݹĳˡ
ʦ̫ԣƺ֪һĴ𰸣˵ͷʵʼߣԳˣŷһǧ꣬˵þгɾͰ޺֮λĿܡȻѲϣǾһҲɴѩ
һһЦʦ̫һѾּۻ֮гõֶΡȺһԷܽܵļǮȻٿۣһʼ̯ס㿴һֶΣѩڶԷУһͶòȥ
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ؾʮǰһƺյʲô뵽ʮǰԼ̫Ϲӣ͵̧ͷݺݵĶʦ̫һۣȵãƺ
ʦ̫ƺûһƣһЦĿ˵ؾֵĺڣ̲ĴкأѽУܰѩͽȡһǾ͸á
βһҲƽϢ±ƵŭһЦѵͲҽʲôؾ飬ǽбһգִжϾô
ʦ̫û뵽һھݻһ㶣ƺѣҡҡͷǸ֮Ըǡ
һݺݵĶʦ̫һۣͷãȻˣʹȥʲôؾĳȣǸͨ籨ţʲôΧȻһܻųȥҲһһǲţп˽
䣬һĿ֮УһߴһϷһ˲ֻ֮ϣ֮⣬֮ϵ֣նƬ
⣡ɼ鱦Ͻʦ̫Ҳǳһδ¶Ծı顣Ȼɼ鱦£һչֳϽҲʮ־壬ɼ鱦ķɽϽߺһǷӳǾˡ
Ĳ˵һɲǣܵĸоܿѹһ룬оԼֵܵȴҲ£ûֿܹ
һһ˫˪۾оɱ⣬ƴһƣֵĴҪϾԼϡ


һ߶ η
ʦ̫Ҳڷ֮ҲǧĿǧŵĳƺţ֮ǿԶѰһ˲Ͼ֮ǰһƲɾٻ˺Ը뷨
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˶Ǹеĸ֣һܴС磬ؾֵĺܣȻ˵ʦ̫˶˺ܴһȦӲ
ȴ˵ؾ˵أǰȴ־ȻֻһŲŹҲ˵ʲôƷ֣ɸȴһģ˸оȡ
һϸ۲һùڵʱ򣬱Ըзһ⣬ѵǴ˵е֮
֮һЩɻڶഫҲû˵תͷʦ̫
ʦ̫΢΢һЦ˿û˼˵ͷһֻ֮һͨľڴˣ۷񣬶¡ö֮ľУͨԻΪ֮н̻ãȻȲҷŵһ²Ҳܽǰ˰ЧҲǷǷѿǧ꣬ƶṩ֮Ϊʹá
һԣͷջ󡯲мһˡҪ֪ѾһᱦˣôϡӲƴ֮
һҲѧЩ竣ԼĶóҫ˼ҵ棬ֻװû˵ʦ̫²˳١Ǵؾţҽȥʦȥ
ʦ̫ԣ֪ջ󲻳ɣϧһ£˵ͷɣ
ʦ̫һ֮·̧һ㣬һװɵĴųǰָָؾУûǧͻ֮仯浽׷ʲôˡѸ֪
һҲûڴʦ̫õʲôϢ˵ͷǰһͽƿֻԶԶһȻдζ
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һɲǣһ㲻Ӱʦ̫ͷȴû֮ǰİģתͷ˿ԸУڣһȺСŮ
ôܷ˽ؾǿʦ֮أˣ˿ѽһɫĿʦ̫ƺʮֲ
Ƴ˵ǣǵаħ͸նɱαظǽϳ֣Ҳδɡ˵һ溬ɷ˫ָһ䵶Եպա
һʱ䣬ֳָϸֶ飬Ψ֮ǰʶһֶεʦ̫ʾ⣬ʦ̫ȴ˿⣬ֻǳһŵӷ𣬶ȼȻ֪ħͷ٣ְ˾λһֵĴսʧܣǿɵ𣿡
ʦֻ̫ǵһ䣬ʱѹȫķʱƺݺţ׷ס죬һȥ
ڳֻʣʦ̫ͱԸС˵ԸҲǳ۳µĸ֣ʦ̫ǰЩ˵Ƕ֣ڶһ鶼±Խ˼վԭزơ
ʦ̫ǰƺҪѯʣƺˣҡҡͷ͵£ʼƽûϹĲ
ȴ˵һߣһؾ֮УֻһƬڰȻͬʱķʼѰķͬһ֮оȻ̺֮Ȼһȴ˲ҪУһͬ
ãܺãŸôһ֮ôһؾûеõᱦҲҪ𷨣ձʵҲҵķŵӡᱦһз𷨵ԴУʲôֶΣǴǵļٷ𣬲зܱȵҵĻᱦãΪƿʶͨĲҪһӴô󷽣ҾͲˣֶΡ𷨽ƷΨϸߣ
˵䣬һһĶͷһƬ̴â𣬻סһ


һ߶ Ϻ
ڴжϾĵ񣬷Ȼɵħ˵ʢȴҲʧ˱ԴǿǿӣȴʧȥԽԽԶվǰһЩа
ʱһͷᱦԴͳҲϵķһ֣ǸֲڷŸԴϢʹ֮Լؾʼ
ֻԭȰķʱһɹɴķᱦĻ֮ϣƺϴ񣬾С
һѾᱦһıУʶͨʣСͨΪ֦Ҷǽ޴õ˫ޡ
£ֻҪᱦõ˺ôͻȫޱŷ֮УķΪҲῪᱦͨ£֮ؾΪඥΪܡ
ŷɵħͬǻöԪܹ䣬Ǵ֮нƫֶΣĺ;񡣳Ƕ򣬷ֻܿϲ𷨾ǿԼһ㱦ٶҲɵħΪѸ١
һΣ˽ľעᱦϴ񣬻ԭΪľֻҪӡǣǾ͵ͬڴ̨УȻܴٽ𹦴ľ
оһɹӴ̨֮ƽܴɵ뷨򶼿ʼоƽȴõͨһ
Ӵľ֮ô֮ķȻɥʧ˱Դֿŵľȴ˿ȻˣҲͨΪҳɾϷ
һһᱦ֮ϣִССһ˸ʵЩʵеĽģеİ޹⣬ֻüȴûа㶯
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СʮöʮСͨʱĿʮöֱǡԡ䡯̨䡯䡯䡯ӷ䡯Ʒͫɽ䡯ھŴӡ
˵СͨһˣѾ˽֮һ𾪣ûɾͰ޺ͲͨǸǾס
һ㣬һεĿɺųƷޱߵһзСͨ
㣬ǰ֮ʱһΪ壬ĹɾͳöС֮ͨСöСͨǡ䡯ӡơز䡯ҩʦ䡯
һһǰͿʼЩֻͨ𷨲ĺ͸йأͨȴûܽͨ򣬴롮зͨ
һΣ׼ΪֶǿвȴɲɵķˡзƴȱһȴǰԵ⾳νзһƳһȴҲһƿһУһһһһȱΨҶϰԵ
˫ӳ֣ʱСͨ˷ӳӴ俪ʼһ⿪ʼڹʵԵмչȥֻҪнⶼͨɾˡ
һĻһĵ˵ͷѾͷֻҪά⣬֤֮Ŀͻȥһ˼ʼؾѰѩ
û˷ţһٽСͨеġƷͫʩչʱؾһƬϸȥȴһȻȪˮˣ紵ϷһƬ̹âͨɾһ㡣
һ·ȥ;һǷһЩ󷨺ͽƣ಻Ǿʾãû
еЩ֣ܿȻˣϾˣµһħͷҲҪܵޱ޾ȰӰ죬ʮɹӲһɣǱʲôƶ
һｵһȻȡɣ˵Ҳʵһ֣ܲڷſ˲ҪҪӲƴɡ
һԳһЦȥûߵãߵ˾ͷһ籦ƿĽǰ
ͷ΢΢һƺоһ˿Ծ֪ѩ棬òǰȥԿзҲͷſС
һ뱦ƿתһǰһƺ紵ûζһ̴Ϣ
ܣһ޼ʵϣֻһƬϹơһ״Ҫݹȥ˭֪ԭ̩ɽĶݹ⾹Ȼȣһξͳȥ


һ߶ ռѩ
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һԺʣҲ䵽֮УݹⲻæתţɷħһŶնУԽԽ졣
üһǳѷŷ֮ⲻʹãշжɣȻˣҾͲգҲ̤ˮɺ
һһ֪˼ǷʥأֶζܵƣԾͽƽõġͨ
ͼ˫֮׹ˮ棬Ȼˮ䡣Ҳɣһ̤һϣȻ˿ݹٶȳһƬϹⱼȥ
˰ʱ䣬̧ͷȥϹңңȴɼͷһһ֪ʩͨ޷
üһȻ۷ô˺۷ҲĿˡнУ޽УɮУڭ
һ˲䣬һǰòһСͨ޽ơʩչһƿƷԴ˺һαװĴֶΡ
ȻһƴһƪϹ⻪תɫ⻪ڣһԳһСϳӣûֲѰӲͬЩӶɫ
ѵǴ˵еϹ֮е񲻳ɣ
һȻɻ󣬵оѩһСУҲɣһ̤ڿգԾСϡܣȷϹ
Ϲųơ񡯣ҶƬǧ¶׹ǣ֮ܣ߱Ǿκֲӵ޲ӵһ飬ֻϹʱһͨӵУ֮á
ϹƺǤ˲죬ǧ¶öʧˣϵ¶ˮԣѰҩˡ
ˣһҲ˲õĺöʦУһϼѵľɽľֶδ߶ϢѶԸһ˶ʮֶġ
һҲ֪һѰѩΪЩȻöȴûôҪȷŹЩֱӳȥ
һ·ϣ֮⣬ƺûСֱӱߵλãһСأСһȪʣͨСӹߡһɫһ󺣷紵ֵĻ죬ʮ徻ã·ܹϴϵĳ
ʱһһУҪΪעѾȫСһϤӰϡ
Сصһ棬һݵһСһɴѾȪˮʪѩ׵ļ֣ǧ˿Ҳ󣬲֪û޼ѾûˮУȪˮʱʱϴ˿˿Ʈɢ
һӰҪһ̣˲ԾһݣǲͨһСأ棬Ϥףѩ
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һ̽ĺһѩȴɶŲʣƺûһ״ٺ˼ȴˡ
֪Ĳˣüͷ΢壬Եһ䡮ʦ֡ҲȪˮͿС֮Уѩ˹ȥ
Ҫߵѩǰʱ򣬺һɱ˹һȻѩϣȴûзɾ裬еɱ⣬һ˲ʩչֶһսֱӱɢ
һ̣һ⵱ͷٴסһĽŲٻӽնƺ֮һƬڳǰ
һÿÿƻһ߷Ͼһг֡Ȼ򣺡ѵ˵ǲҽӽʦ㲻ɡ
뵽˴ɫһһ˿Цãܺãʲôؾûйϵʦ̫ԼֻǴʦȥҲܡǶȲҲգȻҪңǾͶһɣ
һʱѷգ˭˶赲ʲôҪ˼ëͷСӣŭ֮£綼ҪһĴڣЩ赲ȥ·Ĳ֪ǹĶںľģʼܲˣֶʩչ
ּ䣬޽ٰ֣ʮ򽣹⻯˿ƣһСذʵʵһʱ䣬ƽ˾һ˿ɱĸоӿֳһСضĲƣϢ
ɣһᣬǹҳҳˣ
һ˵ţֻǲ֪ʲôڣȻһЩȴ˿ûгֵ˼
ãܺãȻϳҾͰǱƳ飬նһУ
һ֣һѾһġ֮ͨ⣬Ȼṳ̂һƽƽһѾնһеһ˲䣬ռ䣬һеһжһնƣһڿ־Ҫӡ
ʱһ𣬲ʮȺ𣬻ʮӰӵСغѩΧֵס˽ʼֺǱһնƵĿռͷ


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ӷǺˣȻص£
ʮӰģģһ׵Ӱڶһ˵ʮĵһһģҪֵһ
һ״΢΢Ծϸ˼֮һЦԭˣҵʲôֶΣȻ˷ֵң̫Сĳ
˵ţһΪһ󴿰Ӱ˭һҪǣǻҪ͹Թ£ҽʦߣһһ𣬱ɽıҲҪɣ
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ֻ
һҲǳһʮ֪ͨǺųơޱߵһз׼˵
ΨּͨȻǿ确зȴһоͰֻȼȻ֪Ҳž
գ˵ѩʲôֻؽ塯ֻܹҲԾѡͬʱҲΪʲôѩʮʱ䣬ԭڽʮ˷ݵĴС
ԾԾҲܽѩʲôֵĴУӶֻպ󻹳ΪԼĵˣ
˼룬˿ˮеѩֻôȴǺʦܹɹҲǾѵĻԵ
һȺƺһʱһһתֻҲһҪͶ֣һʦѧˡοҪֵĴУѵҾͲô
˵һǹһ˿ЦЩӦٴγ֡һƿգԡ֮ͨע롮Ǭһ֮Уһǳʮ£һն·һƬضҪƽ⡣
һһȺо̬֮ƺû뵽˾Ȼôǿƺ֣ûоµ˼ʮΪһŴ󣬹ɵһҪֵһ
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ᶼһ㶣֪Ƿ⣬Ƕû˶һǲŸоԾתͷȥһѾ֮УӽѩֻԶ
ߵľ룬Ѱʿ˵ûУһľ˵Ǹûдڹһ㡣
һץסѩܵ󻬣һͷȻһĪļȴҲѹһȺһЦһ£ѩͱװӿռ֮ȥˡ
ˣ֪Ѿһ룬ڽߣɱһ̲סƿڴ
һǵû˿֮ɫһЦҲ˵ôǷҪǵĴУҾҪȴǱˡ
Ѿħһ֣£ѩȳָ˵ϣ
˴Ǳƿ֮Уҷŷ֮⣬ҪܵƣǴͨ취ҲҪܵƣ֣ɽҲ£
ԷһҲ޴ٻеһͬйľΪҵȼӳַȻܹ׽ôӡ
ã޴ޱ߷𷨼ӳ֣
һȺΪѩȥѾһĴʱ޴󡯹ɣһ̾ͽ˳ȥ
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һ˲䣬ؾ֮⣬һ֮ɨСöʦ̫ԣɫɵһ䣬û뵽һܹôʱҲɲ룬ֻܸһ㣬ϥ£ʼйľ
ŷΪͬʱһġľʱһɰԸ֮С
еһɰԸʦ̫һŵڷΪһǿҲһˣܱȵùС۵ӵֻȴ֪ʱؾȴһ
УСԣ޴ʮλɫʮѿĿһ
ֻΪǴ֮ԼһȻûеõӳɣǶһȴƶȻһ·һɽѹϾȻϤ籾ԴϢ


һ 䣬з
ôܣôֵıԴ
ǱԴԸǿԸԸֵľӵеĴԸ
㵽ʲôˣ㵽ʲôѵ㽫ֶռ˲ɣ
ܣְ괫Уôݣܣһʲôֽţһͬ
һддϸϸֱ棬ʱ͸Ӧһֱ仯ǿɲǿ¹ֵĴСһʱ䣬޷ֶθ߳ƽˮҲʼ
һ˵һзֶ룬ķѩУķһᱦֱӽڵ˵Ը˻࣬ǳʤ׷ʱ
һȺż˼һ͹һЦҽ֮ʱǿһȺã˳־ոû뵽ȻԸͱԴ֮ӳ֣ȴҲûкķһ
⻰һȺԽԽֻ꣬һͨԴԸӳ֣ͲΪ
δףһ϶죬һͽ֣ޣɱ
ԣ΢΢һ㶣ƺһѵѡ񣬲ҲǿһʵˣԸͱԴ֮ļӳ֣ǲһиûʤϣ
ʦּ⣡
кͬӦŵԭЩ޵ξȻƮ˼֡һʱеȻ߰ٱҴһ֮дһɳѷ
һһռʱһֻҰɫ֮Сգ棬ˮһеһжʧȥɫʣֻǻҰ
һǿ֧֣֮ʧȥԴ޴󣬵һɻҰϢڸоһ˿в
üһȻǼ𣬾Ȼñ߶䡯ɱ
䡯ڵһõʵʱҲǵʦеһ˿䡯ͨˣǿǿȴû衣һ䡯֮Уʹóˡ䡯⣬һҪԴ
䡯Ǵɱʱͨ౻ƣͨܵص䡯ֶȴûУ鼱֮£ѡֶΣֱԸһɡ䡯ļɱ֮
һȺȻΪķ˻ЩҲϲ֮⣬Ϊǿһ֮壬ȴǲ˶ֹͣҪһͶҪͻڼ֮¡
ΪһҪͶʱȴ͵̧ͷЦĿһۣͷһƬ̹⻪֣̹⻪֮ϡһԸ
ȻֶνֵԸͱԴ֮ȥֲûбλҽħȥַʥء
ʦּ⣡
һֶΣԾʱҲζڴʱһЦһз
ʲôʥأˡ֮ȴİ޵УЩ޷ǳǿǹ̲Է⣬ԳʥأǿЦ
ʲôаħȻ̸𷨣ҿΪЦҪҷŴ֮£Ȱ㻹Ͷسɷ𣡡
سɷе޵Ҳɱˡ˵Щ飬ҲᶮȻˣðԵʲôǷʲôǷţ
һ˵ţϽһţһǰһƽ£һ˲ЩõԸһջأǼ֮ʱ糱ˮһ㳯ӿ˹
ĦڭĦڭĦڭĦڭ⣬٣
һǼ֮ǵ֣һ֪ۼǼ֮Ҫ䵽ϣǹűķ¶ɲơ
ڼ֮һ̣һͷ̹£ŵУһ˲һɰޱȵϢһϴ
⣬ѵܣ
׹һ֮ǰĶΪǸ翹ۿʽƺʲôмһƽ⣬ʱﲻѣȴ񶨡񶨵ڿһʾ˻㣬ɽˮĻʱڻ˾
ŷһһжսʤзͨ
˻һЩɫ䣬ƺʲôܵ֡һһЦĿԼƽǼֵ֮סзƵ˼
΢΢һЦǷڣз


һһ Σרſ
һĳϣһȺŮἴѾҲͬһܵ˼ĴһλҡͷܣзѾѰͨķΧǧʷҲûκһλɹôܣ
һǷŵӣȴͨͨͨзҲ֪γƺˡ
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һƽƣֿס֮ǽ䷴ƻȥһɼҰϢһȺ
ȱ仯ЩܿӾ֮лָΪ֮˵ҲܷŲգԲ֮£ֻٴηһɼϢų뷴ƻɢ
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ſңعȻѲȴϷ䡣
Щڱϲ뱾Ķʲô
һһ˿飬һȺУȴһ𾪣һ׻ʱϵеô֪ǽ˱Σ
һЦһз»صУƳ赲ǰһ̧һ㣬һûһķġ
һģһȺɫ֮ǰзӾ֣ܿ飬Ȼһҡ
౦ľ㾹Ȼᡮ౦ľ㵽ʲôˣҷŵӣȻͨ
һԣԼɲֹͨǡ֮ͫǡղӳ侭ͨһĴڡ
ȴѾҫ䣬ֻǵ˵ͨѵֻŵӲŻ᲻ɣΪֻҪܹͬ򡣶Щʧȥ˷ķŵܽΣ
˿ŵЦһǼȻڱϣͬԽﷵԪһҲǵķ𷨴УֻҪҵˣΪʦ㴫з𷨣ɡֻ
˵䣬˿˶洫ľ͡ҪĺСֻ˫һ꣬ˡ౦ľͳץȥ
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һ˵ţӰһԵǰķͱ֮УһðȻָ˱ģһˡ
һңңһݣ˿ûǿͲԸ˼ǵͺһˡȻˣԼص֮ȥˡ
λ֪һѾλ˱ӵ顣һ鱦Ҳ£Ҳ˵һѾһȥˡ
һĻɫ䡣Ȼֻһ񣬵ڴ˼ʮϰ꣬ͨ飬Լͷ˾ͲһǵԼ޶ڱϣ˵Ͷĳλܳӣͷ
˭֪ⱦȻĿǡ౦ľ׶ǿڽ֮ǰֻ˵ûпһľѣ˱֮ġ
ϧǵƳ֮⣬в뿪񵺡ƱûʲôǰѰҴе˴´࣬ȴͬǹ֮УǵĴ
һʱ֮䣬Ҳ򲻹ҲӲˣһȺЩʴӡһɲκηĻᣬԷҵĻᣬһգ۵ʱ䣬з֮Ǳ˹ȥһ̾о


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ȴ˵һԡзΪѹϡ̫鲽͡Ϊԡ౦ľΪʤֶΣһȺᾪŵ˲䣬׽֡
ֵһöģһ٣һ֧ǰɽϵ鱦ҶһĴС
ЩһѾƣЩѰֶƣǷۣǲͨɣʹò
деԭʮﶼҪѩһֵĴУΪõʮɽټ鱦ʵǿٱ
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һ̴žžֱ죬ĿٴοЩ档ֻҪȫǵĴУһܹΪѩɵĻɾֻ͡
ЩȻ֪һ룬ӶĿ⿴һ𵴣ƺӼϻһ㡣ֻӻܣܶܲ
һһһ׽û鱦飬ϵ̲סеˣ㵽˭Ȼ˶ԸҵЩѵպ٣ô
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һй¶ݣһͷ𾪲ѣʲôɣʲô϶ԵУԺһ˲뷨ûʮʱƺԼ˵˻ٲ϶й¶ʲôֻպһ
ֻһɲŴģ˫ԼѾ׽˶Էķ飬ôҲܻˡɴһݣӿ׽õٶȡ
ֻһ֣зջءһȺỹΪһˣһ˲һͷĴȻһһһ˻ľ֡
ᱦһ֣ʱչֳԴһƬâ£Щһס
һĻЩᾪĴἸܴľ㡭㡭ᡭᱦ㾹ȻᱦϽšҲֲУ㡭㾹ȻС㵽ǡʲôˣ
һȻͲµᱦֹһãȷʵһЩڷУȻͬʱҲЩģЩ˼ܿͱԺ
Ȼ֪ᱦǾ͹ԹԽɣǻۣӳֶ౦
һᱦ߶౦ľһ˲䣬౦ľʮͬʱֶµᣬ⻪һתȺʧȥ˵ֿһ߻һƮᱦ
ʵǿҲӲͷҲֵʮɷ֮ᱦ϶߼鱦
һһУ߼鱦УЩ˿һһ㲥Щ׷һֻ
һĿȻҪ֪ɽٵ飬ֻǱ֪ͲǺܶ࣬Ϸ飬ģ˵ľ͸١
˼˵˼һشһʼԵУʱ򲻵˼ᣬɽҲҪ·˼ɽٵĽЩ˺ͻԵӶĩ֮ǰϣӶѴ١
֪Ϣ֮󣬱ΪԼֻҪڴ֮ǰΪ˼޵оͿԵıס˵һʱͷһ
˰ˣˣشѣֻҪҶҺߵ֣ҲҪͱһ
һˣһȻ࣬˿⣬ҪϯһƬȥҪֵʱȴǻסһƬа


һ ɱ߰
һ᱾ѯʱ߱ѯѩ飬˭֪ͻȻ˵һ仰һ㿪ʵ֮
ѳ飬ʶѾȻ޴棬ʱһľΪ˰£ԺԥָָһƬֵˣһƬ֣ͬһƿ磬ʵһɱ˱ϹŴУԵɺ֮䷲䣬ڵõշתһԴ˳֮˱ȻƣȴӵܣܹһȡȻ棬ȡ񲻹Եľ㣬罫ƿߡ
һһΪһĳһֻ֮Ѿ籾ԴϣԶȡߡ˭֪ȻһɱȻƣȴлɼһɱѰ
û뵽һ֮оȻ˳ʦз˳ʦȻأһɱ
һЦ˵ͷܲպɵгɣԽͷţ޴ɾͶȻȱͽȡɱҰɣ
Գһ˿ϲɫæ֮һһʮһɱԼֶΣֺţȡ֪һ
Ȼֶ֪ΣϾһɱһҲҴ⣬ðβöȡһգͿʼʰһɱ
˵һɱ۾ȪۣҲǲѡڴ˴СȪ֮⣬ܲʮŽˮ֮лʮŴټʷǨֵӳ֣仯
ѰűһԲᱦһ׳н֮ߣǿٱ仯Ӳ
һɱܳƵɱĶ֮ϣƵҪ֪һڣɽҲһǿǵıǲƣӲٷ֮һҲҪǿ
¾һӵеıУҶ̫֮ţضϽܶãܶõıУֻܹͨһȸ¡һȺ޷ӳܣʱ·׸ľһˡ
Ϊȡһɱһᱦѹ֮⣬֮ŷʼʴЩŽԭ
½ʦõָ֮Щ˵ͬԼҲһ㣬ڼϱŷҲΪʴЩ󷨣һ˵ֻǺķʱˡ
˴˻ᣬһýѩųʹᴫڵֶΣһľͽѩѹһʤѩǽʮ𷨵ϴѩ˼ֽ޵ķԵ˼񵭣˷ǵûмƽ˼ޥĵʡ
תѹѩ۵ĵһ˾һЩϤȴ뵱мֲͬףҲЩԾͷͬʱҲӿһů
㣬ʦܣ
ңʦ㣬ȥ
áȥ֣ѩһ˿Ȼ֮ɫһ״ͷһת֪ʲôæʦЩܿˣһȺ׽ʦٻ¡ֻ仯ʦܿҪһʱſܻطûлʦȥֻʦһʱ䣬ʦܵÿʦطΣ
ѩΥʦ׷һҶűΡ˭֪޲TʱȴûкƷƵĺˣһǱʦ̫׽ûеӡ
ķѬգȻ־ᶨûдӦʦ̫ͷҶŵȴԽԽؾ֮бǿȽܷŴУ˵ѾӽʦĴˡ
һͷϲ뵽ҪԼŵĲңȴȻѡһ˼һͣΪ˸һʱ䡣
ѩȻǻȴûбɱΣһһ⡣뵽һΣվȻŴӪӪԼʱͷ˰飬µȼұ֮ǰӳȡ
Ҳȥѩն˵
һһ㶣ʦ㣬㡭
ѩҡҡͷʦܣӦ֪Ϊ뿪磬ȻˣҾûȥңҸ£ҪĲǶ£Ҫһ仰
һѩԵҲǲǳദľһΪλʦ˪ǺƷ˵ҲΪԼʦŷԣħҲֻǰŰɡ
˭֪λһʦ˵ĳȣȻھ˵ôһֱӵòֱӵĻ
ѩһ˫֮Ĺ⻪һദ֣ͷʱһ˵ͷʦ㣬߰ɣ


һ Ժһһ
򵥵һ仰̶֣ѩȴͬһ㡣ԭϵĺ˪ͼ˲ͱһɵЦţͬ˼ѩɽŵѩһ㣬ˡ
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һ̣һеѩȻСŮ̬Сĵ˵ͷ͵͵һһۣƺҪԼȺ˶ʲô仯
һѾСףƷƺͼŮŮˣҲ֪˸ðԵʱҪԵԥԥԼϲŮˡҲԥһѽѩڻС
ѩЩܿˣ
һֱԼѩɫʱߵͨ죬ҲҿһֻͷУζƺҪμסһ㡣
˺һ꺮ů黰˪ѩӢͬ׹밮ӵСŮһ㡣һἰԼ֮ǰѾλ£ҲѩԳζˡ
һλ֪УкƷƣ
ţȴѵѩ㻹ǵõƷ֮ĹôʵѾаҡ
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һѩ˵ĶԹںƷƶŮͬһе⣬Ҳһ漸䣬ʱͷһû뵽ѩȻ֪С׵飬ڼ˫ʶСã뵽ȴЩ졣
ѩһ״ɵݸһЦ˼ѲɴҲϵãˣǰٻŵĻ˿ĪʦͶϣҲŵŮӣѵǻӢӼ軨ʦòɣ
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һԣ֪ڽˡԺ⣬ʱΣδȻ㿪ʼѩμֵĴ
ѩԣǲԸУһһߣһѾ·̺ã˵һҲ޷𣬲м߾磬ȻӦ
Ϊ˱֤ѩܴȫɹһɱٶȣֳһʮ鱦
ʮԼ罣Ķɽټ鱦ԳʮʱѩԼҲ͹һ赭д仰жԼʵĽܡ
Ҳѵõţѵһġֻؽ塯ܿͻָ򶨣ʼһİ֮£һɰĴ
һδ֮ǰвͬһᱦ֮ϴˢЩ֮г˴ĸͷŷӰǵĶһű
һʹѩܴٶȸ⣬ܵ˿ֵӰ죬պ𹦴ɣҲһһ㣬ңϹʱʿ
ۼһѩ˳ܴУһɱΧƶڱʳһ֪һжڳõķչҲŹʱ䣬ֳһ˿ע֮⣬񶼿ʼ̡ʦľ磬ԼµõĴͨз
ʱţһ죬죬һ££ʮʱȥ֮⣬ʦ̫ɫѾѿͬס˵ʮо֮˵㲻ʲôѰֵ˵Ծһ޴ĸˡ
λʦʲôѵոһͽȻҪʮʱ䲻ɡҪʮʱ䣬Ҳþ㲻ʣȥΪòΪ˱ֵӣʼˡһȻӰλʦ飬ֻǵһЩʱ䣬д⡣
ʦ̫ڿΰżʱһĪдұ֮ǰ಻ϵͬһ·һ㣬һԶѹȥֵգһ̣һ֮ӵص״·ʲô챦Ҫ


һ ɱ
ѵѵôʱ䣬λʦڽɱˣ
ʦ̫ɫ˲ͨ졣ΪȻ֪ɱĴڣԼʱҲҪһɱԱߣһɱԼԵõ洦
û뵽ȻԼֵֽʱɱΪִɱõٺôֱ
ָ߲㳤֪֮ʲôԾѣ뵽֮УȻʲô仯ǵûͣľϣһɰ˳ȥ
һǡɱƺ㹻֮ԭӴھȻۿɼٶѸСȻӲȡ֮ȥ
һĻڳָ߲ɫһ䡣Ҫ֪֮ϵ֮ȥ滹ĶܵСӰ졣
׼ת䷽򣬽֮Ͷ֮ʱʦ̫λӦ˱¶ܵλбҪ޴֮ΪʱҲ᱾ĩȫ
ʦֽ̫ʮ֮꣬ߣһ仰Ťת˵뷨Ȼ߲оЩԾҲʦֵ̫棬ǱҲжĵĸоϧԴ֮
һǿ֮Լȡ֮֮ǡɱƺڵõ㹻֮ǰٴ𣬶һ׶ӨĹ𣬳ջ¶
һ˲䣬С綼õ˸¶ԭʹïСԵȻ
һĻϴԼ˱ãʦ̫ȷԼ²ûдһϲĵȴǱſڡ
һιȻûʦ̫ȶãһӰ֣ѩ˭ˣһ֬ƿƿ֮ϲһ֦
ѩʦ̫û̫ԾϾǷڣܳɽǴеѩɱҲ
ѩͽٹΪʦɱãб浽׷ʲôΪʲôɱǰˣѵһϵɡ
ʦ̫ЩеҪɱæѩֻѩֻ΢΢˵ͷ㲻ٻǿ
ѭѩĿ⿴ȥһӣͷžؽ˳˲һ˭ˣֻ֮ǰȣʱ˲ǹͷͷ⣬̤ͻһŸɮ
ʦ̫Ȼؾһתɷŵӣɱ£һĹעҲ˲١ƺҲֻһϲڹһϲʩšҪѩ
һ̣һᣬƵǲֻǧ㣬ȴһУǶ˷۱ѩɱ޹ˣ
˵һ˱ȥĿ⣬һΣһﻹʲôȻһȴһɷͬѰķƺһնһеĳ
㣬ôܣһ˳ɱոһħͷʦ̫Ѿ־һ˲һĳЦʱЩͷ
ʱ֬ƿѩʦ̫һϹʦ̫ЩȻǿ޷𣬵վдҵ֮һһʦҲһ䣬Ӵ֮ұһȥǣ
˵һĳЦʦ̫Щͷѩдյһ仰ݣһϢȫͬͷƷ֮߻ԼϵѩԾɱ֬ƿʦ̫Щ˵
Σһ仰ָǿή֮й⻪ؾǣһУѵģ
ѩʦ̫ҵ֮ÿڣһȴû˿ɵһЦĳģЩֲؾе㱦ﶼߣʮϹҲո
㣡ʦ̫ɫǵͨ죬ָһ˵
һһɫһһ䣺ᣬΪҲ֪ơʮǰȴͻƣתʦ㣬㲻Ϊ㣬Ѱû䣬ȴüƲߣҪƭšɣ㻹ԽʮϹնɱνǺƣļơǷŸĻѹֳʢ˥ؾ֮ǰҾѯʹ㣬ǵؾֵΡҲȡ㱦һ㻹Ρѵ浱һӺɵӺƭɣ


һ ƾһ豾Դ
һһϸʦ̫ƶ˵ʣһɱȻųǾɽ𺣶ɱɵֶһս־ڳڶСŮᶼܲס׷˵Ψʦ̫ȼǿֵס
㣬Ҫʲôѵ֮гײɣƱ죬ֶζƽ֮ʦ̫Ѿʧٱһһȣʱ˥ͷѹһ
˭֪һֻǲмĿһۣЦ򣬺һһԣ㽫Ÿֻʱҿɲұֻ֤ϡ
⻰ʦ̫ͷһ£Ȼ֪һʵж١ƽõɱʵ֮ǿпܽһ뵽һ׽ãԼһѾʧ˵òʧʦ̫Щԥˡ
ֻʦ̫֪һȴֳ֪ϣɢ𼶱֣Ͳʦ̫Σһ񣬱׷ŭȡӶҡֻͨһѩ˹
֮飬ҷŹ⣡
һȻһЦҲý־ɵġзһȾƣͳǼɢѹ˹ȥ
ġзһ»ָһ¥һ֮£Щͨ顣
һУڳָ߲㶼һһ̣ʦ̫ɵ϶¶ߺз㾹Ȼ޳˷ŷһ䶷սʤġз
һ˾״ͷϲһ֮⣬ҪϵĴҪھϱԼѹơ
ǼɢһֵĿŷѹһȻЦзûɾ֮ӷͽЩɢΪͨãҾͽ޵ٹǣΪҡзĵһͽɣ
˵䣬һֱѹķƶһͷȻһתͷѹһdֳӡм䣬һЩɢѾһдģǵֿ뷨ûУͱȥˡ
һһ潫ɢ׽ãзķͽһʹ˵𺳸նɱɢ֮ϣ˵ֻҪһԸ⣬ڳֵӣҲʦ̫֮⣬˶ֵܵһ׽֮Ϊͽᣬ־ɲԼ
ѣҪĶõˣΪʲôҪԸ֣ʦ̫з֣ѾԼѾûлʤĻᣬʤһȻʧ䣬ͻǳȴѯʡ
ʦ̫ѵûҪԸôѵҪ棬۸Ĳǣһ˿һߴ߶зð⣬Ǽɢ𣬸Եϲַ
⻰һ£ʦ̫ɫǵ糺죬ȴҶ˵ʲôƽľ˵ͷԼǣǲҷŹضԵѳ֣õѵֻǻѿͬ޷֮˸һ·Ҳˡһ˿νǱռһУķڷʵһ䣬ʲôĿģſϷŹһ
һû뵽ʦֱ̫Ӿ˵ȥĿģһЦʦ̫ĸ֣˼ĳãܼ򵥣һ˵ұռǶƴҵûйϵҪľҵ񡣡
񣿡ʦ̫һǿʶȴҲ޷ֻܵȴһթ
һ˵Ҳûа˼һֱָָһָʵҲѣǾƿصһ籾Դ
ʲô⻰ʦ̫ɫȻһ䣺Ҫ籾Դܣ籾Դһܸˡ
һһЦֶˣǻҪʲôοҲǶȥֻǽ籾ԴһЩˣһɴ£ǵĿ֮¡
һҪЮʦ̫ͷһ̽Եʵ֪Ҫ籾Դ£
һһʲô¾ĳԼˣѵҪʦ̫㱨ɣ
ʦ̫һǿӲȻڱصãͷ㷣Ҳ¶ĲֻҪԼһԱ㹻
ãֻҪѴӦ黹籾ԴһԸһ籾ԴѣֻǴ»ϣѽܣ㡣
һ֪Լ֮£ʮа˾Żɹ𰸣Ҳû̫ϲ˵ͷԵˣʦ̫ıǣĳȻʡã


һ ĸ޲TΣ
֮ͨ򵥵ʽһʦ̫еõСһ뱾ԴȨ˺־ȥ
һѾᳵ·һҲñԸд·㽫ѩΪһУֱӽڣʮ鱦Ѱ̫˺ֱӴ˾ͳǿռʱͨȥ
ʱͨһܣ֮ǰõĽƻû˷֣һ˳ȥƬ֮󣬹⻪һתǴŶǶ红Сͨڡ
Сһѩˣһת龫ľͷһһѩһݣߺһСݼˣݼĸ
һԵ˵ͷѩȻһЩ죬һӦȻЩɬҶһôһͯе֣ҲӦ
򵥽֮һһöСС飬һöڵһ뱾Դܹ֮һǧϵĿռͽˣ
Сԣæӹ漸£¶ϲ֮ɫͷ˷ģһıԴ֮ռû⡣
һͷһáҾٴνԸн㣬һЭһ֮ɿռ
СæСظӦһҪͨʱȥʱСȴڵˣһ»δҸˣ˵ħƺѾ޲Tϵ׼޲Tǡһ˻طǾ׼󣬹ر޲Tˡ
ŶôͱˣһΪҪʮʱŻᱻ״ħҲ˵áȻһǹٱҲͲ˰ˡС飬һ֮ڣռɣҾһϷ㿴
һϷѽѽ˷ģСһһ֮ڽÿռ
ãȻˣ²˳٣ѩǰ޲TħǰɣȥĵطǷģ
ãʵ޲Tħӡͱ׽Ҫʶʶħ򵽵ʲô
һ˵ħ򼴽ɱҲٲɣСͱԸУٴοʱͨǰ޲Tħǡ
ʱ޲Tħ֮⣬һȺȺħǵħ޶ȿնΪǲӣǰ̽޲Tħǵ׷ʲô顣С£ǽҲͰˣǴ¾ظͷøǿ
ΪصһΪʱ䣬ı֮£ֵ¸֣ʼܶЩǲӽнɱǷһߡ
޲Tħиħĸֹ鸽ּƲʹǽɱ˴ǲӣǧǱһʧ˺վ©Ϣøǲǰһ©ϢҪľͽɱɹûôס
޲TУи߲ۼһãڽν¡Ȼǿһ֮ǰõĴ޲TǷҲƲһҲ·رգΪսĹ¾Ԯǰ
֮ϣƷƺͼ̶ʾʱ䣬֧ǵĻ֣ոħǸ඼ͬرշ
ĿЩħŸ֣֪ͷ롣Ȼʱ鸽һҲΪѹȻżнͣЩħͷλ£ħѹǽͷݣԸصħĻ
֣Ȼ֧ǵѡ񣬵ҲһġͬʹϾһƿ޲Tħǣǻū»صħУǽصū
ԴʱΨһһĵֻƷƺͼŮŮһȨıԴ֮ȻܹѹסˣҪһǰ£˵һȴǲС
һȺħͷЩŭ㴫Ʒƺ̶㣬̶㣬Щ̫ɶ񣬵һ߾Υǿ޲TǻҪ֣ͽһ˵ʡ
Ʒ͸С׷֮˴˵ĽɫòᣬæȰοҲżһһǰȥѾı꣬ȥѽһʱ䣬ظûطˣС鲻Ӧжȥ˵һǱϢӦ̾Ҫˡ
̶Ů˵ҲŵӦúܿͻһΣữΪģʱҲնɱЩħͷֱӽǷŵ̫ϹУΪƶ󷨵֮Դȡǵµӣһеıƶһ
̶ͺƷƵȰ˵ָˮĸһڡȻֻЩ΢ϵı仯˵̬ȴ˼ĸı䣬ʱڳЩй˼ħͷһڲ²⵽ʲôǷҪı⡣


һ ѪģΣ
һȺͷйħͷ֮УѪħΪһȻ鸽һ£һ޲TħǱһȡѾʧְǷ޲TǣֻҪصħ򣬿µȴĽĳʹ
ΪڳһӴħͷȻӴ̶̰࣬겻һʵһأǿ󲻹ԼŮһ仯Ī
ף⼸СѾͷһŮ죬ԭȻбԴ֮ӳ֣Ҳһֱѹƣƺһˣ̣ѵһطɡˣǾħ٣ҲֵܵοԸ񣬾㲻ҲȻк׼ţʱǽһΣٻطЩ˼ӵùʱһˣҪôˣڼȡǻصħ򣬻ǵһҲҪһƤ˵ĺ췢׵ѾʼֶɽٽɽڣҲкôģһЩʲô֣
һˣѪħͨźһ鿪صħͷͷһЦתͷŮһĹı飬תͷŭĿֱһȺħͷ
ŮһʱûзӦѪħ˼Ⱥˣ϶ҵȶмΣȲ˼رĲҪܻϻҵѪ򿲻мȣվҪɱӺΪ
˵䣬ѪħûЩħͷعζּͽѪűеѪħѪñʩչǿֶΣһʩչֲͬС֮¶Եֵ˵µһȺħͷ
һ棬ʮħħͷѪ֮СǱѪħ׽õħͷһҽУǱѪñԸϵħͷҽжûоͱ˸ɡ
ħͷ׷˺󣬲˴еѪħѵʧķ裬Լ˳֣ѵǱϴ˲ɡ
ѪħҪľЧһĹװڳŮ˹ֵѪ²ϣ֮ΣͷԸִӣִЩ֮ʾҳϡ
⻰Ůڳ˶ѪħҪʾĵĿġŮһȻǲѪħĹΪ֮ƣȷʵΣõˣһЩӦҷһִӡ
ִӵĴڣʱ޲TħֻһģԭΪл˵˶ˣòͶħǲӵ֮СһԭȱΧҲ˱仯ּƻȻٴνǲһʱ䡣
վֻӣħͶԽԽ࣬ǲӣҲʼѹħ֮ǰδС
Ϊ˼յ޲TǴٴγָʱŮҲòЩ飬Ƿȴǲ£ΪһѾ˺֣Աסˡ
ŮǷֶʱʱһϤͬʱǶеһˣ
⻰ŮͬʱЦĽгһ磡
䣬⻪һתӰ˳һѩ˭ˡռȻٶȺܿ죬Ҳ˺üʱ䣬ؼʱ̻
һ֣ӵĴʱƽѪħ峤˲׷ǰݼһֻǵĵ˵ͷЩˣħŴδȥȸ˾ְһսȥԻ۹ͷ򣡡
һһ仰๣һһͬʥּħͷ嶼׷ӦŵȥƬ֮ڳֻʣһŮѩ
ѩδ棬˱ǱѩһϵߣиСڼ̣˫ʶȻݲͬҲ׽ΨѩƷƶˣһֱԩҶͷһȻ˫ԸԹ֮ȴЩΪѡ
ŮǷŮӣֻصľǻۣǺܿ׶Է˼кƷһ䡮㡯ʼŮƺ֮ǰԹޣ·صһŮعںãõĽá
ԺһͷοΨһźСײڡɼҲ޷򵥵ĽԼһз֪֮һҲе֪ħǰģ
ŶһδǰľȻħҵˣҵҪúûһᣬպ棬˵ûɲã
һ˵šѡ֣ѾҧгݣȻΥħʮ¾˵㣬һҲ˴ѣС׶׽ɽȥ


һ ħѹı
һеĺ⣬Ů֪ν£ҪȰοȴ֪οڡһѾﵽϲŭɫȻŮǰԷſܿͻָԭ
ȻħǰȻơ޲TΪƿأһ֮ǰжٱ仯ѩƷƣ̶Ǿ͸޲TסɡҪһ񡣡
ŮһһصЦݣͷ֣ΪǶ֪һЦݾͱʲôʱ侲ʱ򣬲ʲôɵ¡Ե֮Ҳȥ׼ӭħĴ
һһڴ֮У˼ʲôƬ֮ǹһ˿Цݣһֵͣɱƿͳϡ
ñĽƣӦ֮Ȼһ߽ħĺñһξҪֶˡ˵䣬λ⣬ʧڴС
֮ħѹ£֮ǰǲӣħõٹ޲TħǵϢɫʮֺÿ
һܣˣд붼Լħǵĸ֣ħǵĸ֣ʵÿԣǸܴɹԿġ
־ħɱħΪڸԼʧ󣬽еⶼƸңʵ޲TǣȻǰƽҼҲòħϵû뵽ˣò˴ǴЩ棬ǲܹĶҳѵ浱Ĳɡ˰ˣһǼҲͰˣˣֱӰʦسرħǣκҲҲֻϣһǧҪʲôϵҼΪ㣬Ҳһ١
뵽˴ħæħŴһ޲TѹȥȰ취ʿ֮йԵسֶΣνҲԵֶΡ
ħȾ룬̩ͬɽһ˫۾·˿Ҵ⡣ֻһʲô仯˶˵Լӳ
ֻս½ħ񣬾Ȼûֶֿûм
ħҲЩֺʧѵ޲Tħϲʲô֣Ѫħ⣬͵岻ɡֻˣѪħսūҲһֵǲӡʱȴֵֵ֮ûУ˵ʵ㣬˵յ֮ƣ
ãħ˲оҡҪֶΣܡһֵķ֣˿Ҳһǰδеѹѹͷ
ħˣȻˣΪβСפƬ̣˻æߣ˹ĳ֮ͨô
Ϥħ·𱻲ȵβһһ͵ܿʶҲûôĿһתĿŴһ䡣
ѣȻˣΪλزأһģ֪ϴѵƿɺˣûãϺҩ䲻ڵߵǿҲûġ
ħڱһѯʣһƣ˼Ҷ֪Ҫ仰һӶ˽Ƶϳ̶ȣӶͨԷӦжֹ
һȻʱϺ꣬٣ԺжػһжϡΪħĻֻǲ̲Ļظ䣬ζûԳԷա
ħʼ䣬ȻϢûУЩˡһȬҪԸȻͳ֣Ȼ͵͵ȻûȬ뵽ͷ˼֡
һһ䣬˵ʮʱħҲ֪Լ˵һ䣬ͼһͻأĳԼǰ
Ȼͷһ£ħԼжϣһЦһѣǰ֮ǱϢˣȻ𣬵ҲûʲôⲻĽᡣ޲Tħǵı仯ؾǵİɣѾõ޲TħĴУѾ޲Tħλáֻ⻹ֻһͷҪµõ޲TħǳΪħô򵥵ġħħ𣬾һѹͷϰĴٴγ֪֣֡Ȼʮٱǰ𣬵ʱһһǿϧ
һԣ˵˵ô࣬ȻʲôƲߣ˵ǡ
ħԣΪԼüƣæѵõ޲Tħǵ飬ֻ֪֪֪֪ҿΪֻҪа깦صѻָƣӦѹȺ۵ʱ˭Ҹɫ
һ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ˵ͷˣٺòֻܵõʱ䣬Ҫõʲô
ħһʵֱӣ룬Ҫĺܼ򵥣Ǿһ޲Tħе


һ ƿ

һͷһû˵Ĵڣȴħίߡһɻô֪Ĵڣ
ħԣϲɫһһЦȻ޲TһصʵȴΪ꣬λ᲻֪䡣룬޲TһǸ֣ҲٲϾ˴ܹڱظӦӶɽʱ䡣Ϊ㹻Եȡɽ֮ﵽɾҲԲɽӦʩչȫ֣ô಻ҲҪҶ˵˰ɣ
һԻЩԣô˼֡ѹԼ޲TǱ֮˼ܴڵ֮ʯͬ˿Խӡ
ȷʵһñӵˣһ·Ҳ˳ٱ˳Ҳδһ£ϾûôۣҲôʹﵽľ硣
뵽˴һ˶ǲʵʵ롣ħ𣬵˵ͷȷʵ޲Tһϣȴϡ
ħǲŵɫҡͷѣɵˣȻһñܣҽ޲Tһػħ±ʮҲáοҲֻǽһãΪУͻǡ
һҡҡͷͻħˣȻˣҲһ֪ϲϴӦ
ħоЩԾ뵽ʵ֪Ǻ
һ̧һָħǸ£
ңħɫ΢䣬ɫһһһ㲻ҪƲԳԷƣƿ޲TǣȻϴħѾʮǰľ˸ûȫ뱾ȰԹԽʹٽ㣬˴ܾˣҲֲ˺ô
ħղɿʼƣһѾ̣ôвſģֻһЦܾˣô
ʲôĶǲײĲᣡҴѹص޲Tǻһѣ
ħȻһһͬĻҲ˵ñŭѡһһųҪѹ޲TħǡΪ˷ֹһЩһųҪʮ
ֻԤ֮һĻûг֣һֻڣԴĿеʮĪܿ죬͸оԾԭǱó޲TѹĴȻ˿һظûС
ѵʲô⣡
ħæųʶȥ̽飬ֻһжϸһŷڣԭħŴе˶㶲ͬľżһֻԭ飬ʲô
㣬ѵһжģħһЦʲô˼ͷĪָһͺ
һЦһжģ˵ģ
˵̧һ㣬֬ƿڿУ˿˿ƵˮƳƺһϴĵá
ħȻмʶҲ˼ļʶȻʮ־ˣƬ̲ſɱȻɱôӵɱ
һЦһҲֻͣһƿɳһ˲䣬ħֲѣҪ֮ĸо
ǿɱħæסԼ壬һ̣ʶɨֻħŴƺʧһ׷裬ЩɢħҲһ⣬һɭȻħȻһгġ賡
ħ߶ֶΣܱԼ֮⣬˸ûãƬ̵ѣһֻ̾ã
㵽ҪʲôħǸһĻҲ̲סʧȥ侲
ܼ򵥣һ˰ˣ
һ˵䣬һƿһдۼЩʧǵħͷľͷԥľֱͶƿȥˡ
Ҳóѵģħ׼һʹԼֱѣֱ¶һ׽ãԻһȳ
ֻһóѣŲһͳħǰʱȻ޽ϢȫȻնơ
ħˣ֮ǰ̸ףҾδ壬̸ʣȽһɣ
˵䣬һħκζԴĻᣬһת֮ǰвãħŴе޽֣˲ͽ˴뽣֮ȥˡƾУֻƿڲӴħŴ
ʱ֮ʮƵħŴڱһɾʱ֮оȻһֻͳƿץ˹ȥ


һһ ħ
һֻǲҰɫˣƿץȥƺҪһɱ֣˲䣬ƿҫɽ⣬һ޴ɫƴƿǲҰƾǶԺһǡ
һ֮һҽеľǽɫƻصƿ֮ϣǲҰ·ʲôһ㣬һ飬߲䣬·һ㡣
ʱһĮƾմħˣôһ᲻ǿС͵أ
䣬ɫ֮һ֣ƽﲻͬһɫۣǹһ˿Ц⣬ϸһЦǻϲ߼ڣֻǵĮ·ﶼһ㡣
һ֣ڰƵ֪ҲزסҲҲѣǵħ֮һ־ħ
ԭħħͽ䱸һۣ־ħɱħʧܵԭħûм㳹סʹħħӲģһβ̽ͽ޲Tħǵ⣬רΪص־ħӡ
־ħҲһСС޲Tħʲôѵġ˵Ǽӣ˵һԹԵ˳սȡ㹻ħ
һ·ɱʱ־ħӡħһ̸ΪץħβͣԺдô˭֪һ̣˾
־ħӦûħһܡһƿһɱĳ֣ʱ־ħ̰֮ģ׼öݱʱƿΪУлٽһˣһ֮Ϊ⡣
ƻеʮ˳ۼƿħŴȥҪ֡˭֪һԸͬʱº֣һСзģʱ־ħһСĿ
оĴĸоԼߴ־ħƺ궼ҪӰ졣֮£ԷŻָ
һδս־ħ˴ʧЩûָзɣʱʵ䵽ɳڼ𣬼֮ǰһսӰٿģЩһͷҲ΢΢ġ
ģû뵽㻹һصħ֪ħͷͨصħ򣬸׽ҲӲˡ챾ᣬԹͶͶ£ҿԱ㣬һ޲Tǣ㵱һ޲Tħ㿴Σ
ħΣ޲TħΣЩҺθɣ񳯱ҵǽвŵ޵󱲾׽áҵҪȰȰ㣬ԹԽ뾻ƿ֮Уñ֣ҽûУǿϧ
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ЦҲգǲԸܱˣȻˣǾ˵ɣ
ˣңҽնɱҪһСγ
־ħ˵ÿɱһҲЩɵټϷ͵Ϯһƣ֪Ȼһ񣬵Ѱ˵ķǰ򵥣ԸԼݣδ͵ͬ͵Ϯĳ֡
־ħ־ͽ˽ʩչһ˲䣬ǵسһӿȥڽ֮Уȴһʱ
һǴ׷һУǲмһˣ̧һƿǧӿһ˲䣬ĹһɨգɵбǶڽ׼ʱ͵Ϯ־ħһ¾¶
ߣ⼿ҳݣͨɣ
һ׷һ˫һһϣһȻɽðŲľƾ˳־ħѹȥ
һǰ͵ϮһƲͬû˿ڣǽνܾչ־ħĽһ۾ͿһǷŴֻͨǲר˾ħĴħ󣬻ר˾սĴڲжûһͨǰ㣬һݣѹɵֵĸо
ģ㾹ȻͶţѵǷкųƷһһжսʤġз
ﻹһǡзֻɾͲôˣȻ֪Ͷţһξ㣡з޵з
־ħ𱾾ͱƿ˽ħһķͨǺųƷŷһзʱǿħ嶼ܲһʼֱ


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ֻһ񣬲ôǿܣ
־ħƺǰǿһųһ˫ͫݺݵĶһڿʲô
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֮ܣգʵѰɱȣҲͣͶĻᣬȴľ
һһЦһץֳƿȡķһһơзҲһӡʮС֮ͨУŴڷӡеġǻӡԴǻƳѹһ
зǷһǿȴõתšԡзΪáǻӡųǿȲûӣƻɱǿ
һƣԵ־ħ𲻵òֶΡųһͷͷԼԼȼӶݡ
ֻһƬΪֳƿǾɨѾӦĻΪӦĻѸ٣Ҳ·ˮһ㡣
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Ǿ޴ӡѹ־ħԳһ˲䣬һ˿ϣһ̣ͷ·˷һ㣬ıӣϧԪӵ
һУһмһЦ̧һУзˡǻӡӡƿӡʩչʽӡһСͨϣ֮Ƽл־ħ
־ħݺʮ꣬ϵ¶ưԣ޵˼䣬ôܱôһСӸܣ
˵棬ʵǿ磬αضѴ࣬ԹԵͷһɣΪϴˢǣֻкβã
ֻأҾǴֻ֮ǿߣҾصֻȥ㣬㲻ССܱƣɵĿɹ󣬶ҽɱңħ߲㶨Ȼưոݣʧħ֣һ׽ᡣ
ˣвǰһһ־ǵĮޱȣҲŭſڴһȥɣ
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ħ𣬲𣬲
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һֱӽ־ħڸǣӡ֮Уɣ𣬷·Ҫƺب֮ıϣﵽϷɽĸо
ȴҲɢ俪ǽɢĵطһһͬƿڴʬһĶ
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һ˶ûУʶְܷټһֻǽۼҪٴηųзֻһ⻪Ҳһ͸Ӱ˳־ħֻ֮ǰͬĶǣϵϢֻ֮ǰųĹħǿѾҪ˾硣
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һŴͨ־ħѾһĳ嶯ʱһٴаͷ⶯Ӧ
ʱһȻһЦ֮ͫͳһâ־ħͷ̧ͷȥԼǵصĺֳԱһƬʹ⣬ȴ޷ӹâ
⡭ѵҵĽ˵ɣ־ħһ֮ǰ˵ĻٿԼ˵ڸǣ˵ĴҲԽ󣬳ƺҪեɡ


һ ־ѣԪ
ܣħɾɵѾף˼䣬ôнƭң
ף˼䣡һЦһǿЦ嶼û죬˵ʲôף˼䡣ˣѵ磬ôҪ֪٣ɱ뷢ѵοССɣ
ش٣ɱ뷢㣬ô֪־ħƺ˵һ㣬Ǿ֮ɫ
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㣡־ħһһ䷴ʵĲ֪λشһתŭָ㣬ȻͶ˷ţѵһζǷŲ߻ɣҪħΪ壬ɱٻٲɣ
һȻ˵ʲôɱٻ١־ħԾģѾˣÿɷĵ˵ͷ֪Ļ٣Ų㣬ѡɣǹ˳䣡
䡯ֳڣһȻǵĮϢȴһ˿Ȼһ̣·ΡɽﶼΪƿأǳɾҵλ־ħһֲɵֵĸо
־ħһʮֲڣһת¶һ˿֮ɫգˣУʲô˵ƾ㷢ɣֻҪһˣ
һȻһЦ³һá֣һ־Ҫ־ħץʱǿƵͷ־ħȻ̧ͷǹթƻ֮⡣ּöڵԲ㣬һ˲ͺȻը
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ΪըռԵһƬǽĿռ䣬ӽһնԭķ׷׻ָһƬռָԭһ룬ͷƿƿ֮˸
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ˣ˵䣬һһӣһǻڵħ𣬶һӰģ־ħ
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һԣҲ˵ʲôϥˣ˫Ŀһգֱӻһ׹һڣƺûгֹ
һһƺǷȥֻ֮طеĲͬȻһ˲䣬ƺԼڡĸѾ˲ͬ
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һˣһͷο֪ңԶˡתͷ˿У־ħʧķ򣬵˵еƿ
һ̨ѾΪǴˣ͵̨ϷˣϣܹһϺõϷ룬ɾ͹һ
˵գһȻһЦֱͶ޲TħǶȥ


һ ո㣬սǰϦ
һɱƿһ֮ħŴͬħһãֽڲ־ħòֻܣ˵һǴȫʤ
ص޲Tħ֮㿪ʼһϵе١Լȥһʱ䣬õһܹݡļƲߣŮ۲쵽ʼһϴ
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ħԣһ֣㽫׷һһ
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һУһŭϲʵȻħŴǰ֪мʱ䣿
ħԼϣ¹ƣգգִ޲T⡣
գһ˵ͷǹһ˿ЦãܺãͺãҷŴǵأ


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һգ̰ǣƶħͳħԭ޲Tħֻһۿȥãã޼ʵǿУһڵĶʲôûС
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˵öԣʮǿʢҸʦ̫Ծͼλķ֣ǾĳħűȻҪ˱ܡֻǴҪΪνˣһɫɲҵȽϲġ
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ΣһڵѩɻǵΪʲôҪΪͽô
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һ˵ͷҡҡͷͨ۲仯ǿԶԲֻ֮򡮴ֻаҪֻصĲһˣǡ
ǣѩһ뵽ʲôתͷһԱߵĺƷƵѵ˼ǺҲǡ
ųԾѩͺƷƶˣһ΢΢һЦˣ׼ȷ˵˼ֻؽ塣


һ ֻأвս
Ҷ˼һġֻؽ塯ѩͺƷԣͬʵ
ˡһ˵ͷһָͷƾһһӰ֣ת·򷨣任С
ҴᱦеõһֻϢνֻܶʼϾͲֻһӦ棬ֻصİڡ˾ֻӦý֣һһˣǽаһӵеֻؽ壬Ǿֻؽ塣ϧǣһֻؽ֮ǰ˶ûһֻؽ־ͷֱڡֽѩ׽ȥȴΪֻؽ壬ֻܹû뵽ǧһֻؽ廹û˽һԼ㵱ඥɹҪ޳ɴֻΪֵ֧Ҳǧˡ
⻰ѩͺƷƶƬ̣ƷżʵȻˣѵҶڵֻؽ嶼ûô
һԣҡͷЦҲȻͬǽԹһЦնϣֻؽ彫һͬʱҲﵽߵĻԻͣʹֻɹʸɡԼᱦİܹ߳ɹҾԣ˵ʹֻ֮ҲѷΪһ֮ǿ±Ѱֻһн˴ֻأҶ϶ҪСĶԸأ
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ŮԭӢŮӣһĴڣʱͶһɻʱ˼һжÿǶ׸һ͵ͬʱҲ˼ͳһͬһԵΡ
һŮӦ㽫ԭ붼һһ˵˵ӣƼ򵥣ͨۿ仯ֻ޳кᱦֻصӣڶŮ֮£һ׾ͨ
֪һƻ֮ǰһ̫ĶŮٲһ˼Ͷֻ޳ĸ֮С
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㣬ֻҪиһأֻ⾳ҪɹĻỹҪһ֡
ֻ²ռһıһһɱ¾мֵռˣڴսʼ֮󣬷֯һʼԿħš
뱻ʤͷԵħŴȣŴ˿ףνǲΪӪӦ֮£һֶζڲסΪ鱩¶òһս֮˳ص޲Tħϡ
ʱ޲TħѾЩտյΪǰЩӿռĴͨʹһħͷ׽ȥ̫Ϲټһ޲Tħɹ̫Ϲĺ԰ֻ԰̫ªˡ
̫Ϲǰ֮ǰһЩʱ䣬һɴһ֮ҩרֲϲħϢֲӽӿռ֮һҩ֮ʹ޲Tħʱָ˼ֵ֡
˺һϸ۲£һս»ʱõģԼҲûãɴֶξʹŮص̫Ϲ
ѩȻŮܹǰȻΰ̫Ϲֻǵһμô϶ΰĽȺѩԼһμ˶һѪħĻҲ͹鸽뷨
ص̫ϹΪ֣һٴͳȫ֣жȣ˺󹫿̳һ֮󣬱㽫һӦｻ¹ԼĿʼԼһ˵
ػǰҪȻѩͺƷƲֻذһɹ˽Ϊ̫Ϲһ֮⣬֮ǿսΪһϧķѱԴ̨֮УԼķŵ̺ᱦΪ˻·
˺ٶһѸ٣ɽڲʮͿʼӦ١һԼתһ룬ô˷㴫ɽרõͨɣ˺޴󰭣ֻѹͿɡ
Ǽ̣Ȼûֻؽ壬ƵѪҲǷͬ죬һ˫֮󣬸Ⱦ֮壬ڵϢԻʶõ˼֮ǵڶеİˡ
Ȼ˵һ£ֻԼѰ¸ûаĿܡһ뼧̲ͬԽ̺˫ֶνԼĵиöԷᣬΪˣһҲʱ䣬רΪ̡С
ЩͬʱһҲ˵޲Tħǵ룬һ֮ҲԼչʮߴٻ


һ Ųսɽ
һߴӣΪףһħл֮ΪԼܣҪչأһαչؾʮꡣ
һһ֮ǰָΪԼûнǻѡ񣬸鶼ˣЩ飬ȥŻǡ
̫Ϲһɽˮ羰ľһѡլԺѩƷƺͼŮסһӼߴӡ
һ֮ͤУһƷƿе裬ͬʱһܣԼǰߴһжС
һߴΪԪӤڣʮʱΪȴޣԭԪӤڵɣƶӣ˽֮⣬ƣ˼ԨȴɺһΪ
֮ǰͬǣΪߵƣΪ͵ˣǵȴ˼ر仯
˵֮ս󣬾ʮɱһһٵͽ񾭹ʮĳ˲ͬʡ
Ϊʦ֣һƺȻͬΡɽ˿˼ԨǶʦ֣ΪޣϢȻ뵱ԷâһΪƣ·һնһо裻ΪλʦֵĴڣͨһϢضԵɣΪͳһϢ·߶סһ㡭
֣仯䲻ͬһȴԿԼߴѾ˳ĽȻ˶ɽٸָȴֱ֪仯Ǹ˾ĺ־ı仯
ãܺãǹȻûΪʦʧ
һûй⵭һ仰ͣƵߴӶȴͬİοһѵóһ˿Ц
һ˵һǷ񽻸ǣҲˣ
Լߴӽһ񣬷׷׹֣״
һ״˵ͷ㽫޲Tħ鶼֪ǡߴԼʦһأԲãõ޲TħǣѴ֮÷ħƴһʱ侴֮Ա
ʦʦ˵ѵǽս˫ĲɣһϽͲɣƱһ֮ˣʵȣҲǻ۱ȳһʹ˰˾Ųʮ
һοһЦ䲻УȴԶӡҰŸǵһ֣ҪǴ̫ϹӰвμһھֵǰ£Էħ㹻ɱˡ˵Ҹǵһ
Ҫ֪ħսǸ֣ƵΪǸ֣űֶκͨСһЩ⣬Ǵһֻ飬Ǿȫˣһ˶׳жһϺȵʱ˵ǱˣǱסԼϼѡ
ߴʮıչزǰ׷ѣһ־ĥļʯȻһʮּѣҲûһοһǶʹ޵ķħ˼Ƭ֮ߴһܾӦ
һΪʦѵȻҲûԼĴ㡣ͿһΡʵᡯߴӾϵʡ۹⣬Ƕɽٸֶָһ֪֮󣬽ϵ취ʱǳ
ʵᡯ֮һһֱᡯԭӵı֮⣬ÿ˵һ鱦鵤ҩ⡣Щ֮ߴǲϧķѣٿڶɽٸ
ᡯһɢߴӣǸ׼֡ߴߺߵݹȺǺף췢棬Ϸޣˣɺ˵λɽٸ֡
ɽٸһֱָߴӵˣΪ֪һߴӰŵԱٻҲ֪Ϊ¡
һһڵټˣ˿վߴɽٸ֣˼䣬㿪ڵף췢ѾѹƲס˰ɣöֵĳŵǶȹһؽɽڰɣ
˼佱ߴɽٸֻЩһҪ׺ͺ췢˶ȹ֮ǰĳŵߴɽٸֲǼɽٵĺ׺ͺ췢ˣ˷ܼ֮ɫ
߰ɣ
һҲǶ༤Ļᣬһ֣⻪ת˾һƬǿ֮Уǽ޽ĴŲ̫֮ʼ֮⣬ʼӭǼĽ
һɣ
ߴɽٸָΪŲ֮о𺳣ܿͱ仰ûȥ׺ͺ췢һ㶣ܿͻָһۣǽӽٽϢ籡һ˲䣬һɰ׽֮˲


һİ ˫رգ
֮һͬ£ħͺ췢˵ٵĵһؾȹֻҪ׽֮ΪϾͽһ磬ʽΪɽڸ֣ѪħԸʦһΪ
ֻʱǲûΪԼȹĵһؽе˷ܣΪһ٣ֻ֪Ҫһڣ˵ǵһ٣ǵڶأǶжȹȥϣǵǰ㣬ֻ֮¡
ԭһҲǾŵ׽٣ڶͬʱ˱죬׽֮Ϊһֹ
һֻԼɽ١˲ֻܽʩչֻڼ׽֮£Ҳǿĵ׽پһϢ˶Ϊ˼׽֮µʱһˡ
һתʱɷħؽ֮൱ּϡԪ˺ʮһ׽㲻ʲôԪʩչʱ췣׽֮Ƶϡ
ЩɽٸûмʶһһɽֶΣֲѣԲ²һǲҪɱܿǵĲ²ͱ鳹ס
ֻޱȵĽһȻ˻ȴû˿ãֻǷ·С߲һ㣬˿ãһӽն˿һ㣬ԭ֮
һԪġػԪ֮ԪҪ˼ȡֱ籾Դǧܴ֮һ˿ǵɽ磬ٱ֮ǿԳһرԴĽ̺ġػԪ֮ȴԵϡӡ
ˡԪĽݾףΪáֻΪ˷̫ΣգϹʱҲⳢԣһھһ׽֮󣬶׽ٵİմﵽһּߵĳ̶ȣֻҪûޣ䣬״֮⣬ȡеġػԪ֮
ԣ˵ѰͬǶһ㣬ӪḻǶӣνǶƣǿǵ׺ͺ췢Ҫ׽ٵĿܳɹ¾ŵ׽һˣҲ
У׽һǰͬСߣǵûж𺦣գǾ̶˲תɷĳݡһ˲뵽һݣĽҲ˵ﻹǴ˵е롣
ɽٸĺס췢ԼһԼˣһ֪Լж𺳣ҪľЧ
ȻýˣΪ֮жȣûнͣǲĵġ˸ɽ޴Ľǰ˭˻ƴЧ
ͷĵ˵ͷһ˻飬һ䡰ǻȥɣٴηŲ֮˴̫Ϲ
ɻص֮ϣվЩˣһ򵥵ָ˼ڶɽٵľϰĸ֮󣬱㿪ڵˣӦǵҲˣһҪǣԸǲԸ⣬ȫǡ
⻰ڳڸֶʱ˾֪ؼģ´񡣡
һԣ˵ͷԼ޲TħǲõһУԼŶߴӵİŶ˵һȺɽٸֶ˾β֪һĿΪΪߴӵĶ黤
ͬڱķΣջҪأνǳֺõ飬ƽҲЩִոռʶһ˶ɽٵֶ֮Ƕ࿼νôŹôһûᣬһ࿪ڴӦ
һҲΪ⣬㽫ֱ˵ˡԭһ֮⣬һڹؼʱħսһͣĿܡǣϾΪ̫ĥΪ̫ϹҪƶսĽȴǲһ֡
Ϊ˳ɣһϧѩн߼Ŷɽ鱦ֻҪЩմϢ鱦Щд붼ħʿҪ񣬿νǱࡣ
Էħ֮սһ˫աһ˫գһķħ֮սø˵ףҪһսǺǹǱԭµȼ˾÷˼
֮ħеߡħȫƣǻۣ궼ƿУΪһֲƷƷĴڡ
ħСվ·ȴһķʱһһ㣬һƬʹתħһ̣ʹɢħȫһºۣ罣Ȼһһ޶
ħڵѾûһӰֻһ仰֪ӺδƮҲʱһǰãɣаأɢֻء


һľ Ƶ۴Уֻ
ħһ仰ϾʱһѾ˶Ժͷ˿̫ϹΧǹһ˿ЦȻ㰲׵һжȫʲô˼ҳ֮һвپϲɣڴ֮ǰýϵԼչأ
˵䣬һüһ׹ؾͻǰ°ۣһĮİһ
£
Ȼ£
£
Ҳ֪ڶɽٹͷϣܰæ
һ˵ͷҲ˵һá־ƮȻȥһ״ֻ΢΢һЦҡͷԾͳȥ
ңѩƷƣŮ֮ϣѩͺƷƶͷһƬڰƹ⣬תתͷһƬѪɫΣ·ɡ
һ֪ǸԵ˹ؼʱ̣΢΢һЦָųһм䣬ϥ£ٵһֱ
޽ɽ鱦һһ⣬˫ؽƣȦСᱦԳģһƬ̴⻪£һƬǻ۵ķΧȻ
һƺ⣬һ룬ſһ£һʶӵĴųǰ顮̫֣̫֮š
һҲò̫֮ŵģص̫ϹУ̫֮ŵĸӦǿ˼֣һ£ȻܹȻûʲôЧ̫֮ŵѹһƬռȹ򱶣ǳʲôᰲ̩ɽ
һУһ⣬˵ͷ󷨾Ŀһʱ䣬ưͬСͽŮ
һֶһħԼϹŻƵֶġ˫ޡ֮
оԪΪΪΪꡣѰ˫޶Ϊޡߡ˫ޡǰ߻ͨ򣬵ͬ񽻣߳˷֮⻹оԪڣǵ²Ϊ
⡮˫ޡȻûоԪڣȴΪõļ룬ĽһŮеΪʲ
һ˲䣬ŮͬʱһӰѩ֮⣬Ʒƺͼ̶Ӧܿͽ˫޵״̬ѩһθеȫĵı˽ܣȻЩɬֻؽţֻǡ˫ޡҲܿˮ齻ڵ״̬֮С
˫ޱǷͳֶΣŮһȫ£ָ򣬵еķǾ񾳽͸һ㡣ҪǧĸֻҪɡ
Ůеһ춨еģΪֻʮʱ䣬ǺƷƺѩͬʱ춨
춨֮ŮܹһܵĸϢٶȻ˰ٱֹͺ޽¥ý֮޽ʱͺܶһ
˺ֻһٶʮʱ⣬ȽƵѪɹԴ̳ڻƵ۵Ů͡
СŮ޹Ȼһġ̫ϻҲϹѵõص䡣ǹֶΣǽϻƵѪĹһɿֱڡ
Ȼʺһİ£Ͻ֮ԽΪǣһƽɼ̵⻯
˵һͻƽޣֱڵİ취ܳɹȴǿһһɣԽɱˣ޵С
ʮʱ䣬Ů͡Сɣ̵ΪҲˮǴʱ̤ɽڣʱ򣬱չغ˫Ѿã˳
ѩͺƷƶŮȻȼһҲһٶʱڲֻ޳İ壬춨ˡֻĻ
˺ᱦݺ͸֮£ʮʱ⣬˺ƶֻ֮£ݻһֻ֮֡
ֻ֮֡ɣ˶ŮġֻѾңδɣҲ֮ԶҪֻ֪ڷ֮ͨеҪԲڡз֮¡
˵зԷΪӷͽ֮ƥ˵ǱݵĻǡֻֻ޳֮Ťתֻر仯ԵпԴֻԼȳֻؿຣ֮࣬ν
Ѱ£֮˴һСɳ֣ҲᱻһԴѸ£ϱɽŽ¸ɴ˿ɼֻ֮
ȻѩͺƷƶŮġֻѰвͬΪ˱ͷħר޷֮ͨһͻ룬ƵѪ˵С״ڹԼԼĹһŮ
˭֪֮£ŮġֻȻ˱죬ֻ֮֡Գɡħ˵ϢһҲЩԣĴϢ֮뵽һʣǾϹĹڡֻء


һ ͶӰʽչ
ֻءν졢ءˡħֲͬԣֻҪʶ޲УֻءطԹҵ࿼ݣڴԵת
ϣָԵһ࣬ڵˣ˥ħ£ָһиۺϣɱӲ̵֣ҲУˣˣˣˣֻأ˲
ֻء˵Ϲ֮ǰ洴ãдܸȫ֮㡣ȻϹ飬ֻءʧ˵ֻءӳһ磬˵ѾϹɢ˵ǱȴһĴֻء
Ȼ²⣬ȴûһ׼ȷΨһ֪ǡֻءڣһٲԹµºͱΪϣΪϣʤΪΪܡҲˣ̳кѭƵɵ΢ħţţȽʢ
һҲֻɢߣɱ¾ڶ࣬ޱ߹ҲһһħһУȴΪ֮ˣʧĽ
ִ˲ֻ֪ءһȴԼơֻءġֻ֮֡ǳһоһ˿в⡮ֻ֮֡ؽ뷨
һӦٶ֮ˣΪ֮踣Ȼһ󵨵뷨˺ƻһֻ֮֡㾡ȫУŬΪ֮Բ
ʮֻ֮꣬֡ڴﵽܵĴﵽԲһҲ֤Լ룬ͨԲĹУʹ⡮ֻءմȾϢҵϴˢˣʹÿնɣ·𶪵ƺƮƮ֮С
ѩͺƷͷԽֵġ֮֡һͷ˼䲻ġֻءȻڤڤһ˿ֻءͶӰӰֻص֮⣬ڹºҵ֮áʮʱ䣬ҵȻȡ˴롣Ȼҵȴû˵ѲӰΪҵûСֻءתҲ˵Բް˵þнѵýѡ
뵽˴һԺһ˲ԡֶֻΡԭĶԵУԼԼµ֮⣬̫ϹΪȡҵһ̫Ϲ¶Ȼ°빦
һ棬֮ͨ֡еҵգԻһǿֶΡֶŵ֮ƣҵͶһֱ֮ӿ˺͹£ǼǧҵֱˢԷĸ£ֻصͬʱöԷýѡ
֮֡ʹãеУ׼һǿһͨҵҵйأÿԽ˵÷νһٶá
һԼ뷨ѩͺƷƶŮŮ֪ԼչҲƿ䵢һԼ򣬻Ϊ̫ϹСףԶȻӦǰ̫Ϲá֮֡
˶ŮһſտյĿռ䣬ͷǰ̫֮š¶һ˿ŵЦٶʱȻҪǷŮϣŮɣʱͿȫ
Ҫ֪ٶǰأֻΪ˻޲TħǵĴˣ˻ָ֮⣬ֶμһûڽתԼԵ߳ĸ򶼻ûȫ
һȻ޲TǣոɱҲΪټٶ䣬ŮҲ࣬˵зḻĻûʹãһαչʱһαչ֮󣬱ΪʵõʵķԾ
ֻһʱûԶƺڵȴʲôƬ֮󣬱һ׹˽ڶȴûأķһ˭ˡ
һпã
Կ֪
Ҳãɣ
һһУһٴλһ׹һڡһ⻪ת֮һǹһ˿صЦݡ
ѾͷһȻؽɽٺڣǴˣһҲˡһﵹһµĺòϣҲڵٶ꾹Ȼ̫Ϲ÷ˮ𣬿պҲЪšǷħңסɽȻˡɼұϾɼңԺãȰԣôܻУǵú׺ͺ췢СһЩɽֵʱһɡ
һǹһ˿ЦһʱɣұչسһпɾͲ˵ˣ
һ䣬ӿһ̣һʧ֮䣬֪µͷڴĵȴһһγء


һһ £һתһǧ
£Ѱ˰Ϊ٣֮˽ɽ𵤾İԪԪӤ壬ÿһεӣһϹ֮ľ֣ʵѷףԪҲʮѰ֮ˡԶ˵չǧҲ㲻ʲô
һαչأԹΪΪͨн֮ޣȻྫԳɷһĽ޲κ֮ͨ͡
ǡԪ̫鲽͡Ԫ֮ŵڶҪĳ̶ȣٴβŷħͨзħԼͨ
֮ˣܹʱͨﵽͨزѾʮѵá˵һÿһǾ׵ֶΣͬʱ
˵ɣҲս񣬵һ֮ҲΪ̡õǣԪѾһͬʱΪһãǿ֧š
֮㽫оԪкֻǴ̺Ԫͨʱڶ
ȻΪ˺ķԤķ֮һʱ䣬һڶ˶֮һľҲ˵棬ǶҲС׬һʡ
˱߷ͬʱתһ񣬳ЩΪֶ֮⣬ֶǿľ֮һһԭؿԡ̫鲽͡Ԫ
ġ̫鲽ٲǵѧԼˡһ̤̫顯ơʩչ˵ɢɣɸ֣඼ֻܿһӰӣҪжֱ졣
ԪΪһͳɾ͡СԪ塯ۺĻ춨ԶԡԪѧǲҲǿޱȵ;ߵѧԿɼ֣λǿ֮С
⡮зΪ֮ǰոħ֣ɷӷͽվ㲻ħƣɼҲӲƴܡ
ħҲڽͶʵħ򣬾ħߣΪͶǺһɽٸֱƴ˵޲Tħ֮УһЩҲ̶ˡ
ͨ确֮زнͨ顯ű䡯ȵȣͶ뾫ˮǴߣȻûдﵽͨĵزȻʩչҲ棬ʮ
˵ֶν֮һٶħ𣬸籾Դһ֮ͿԽԷһͿأ־ħҲר÷ſֶΣáħԽ˺ѣ飬һ»Ұ
ֻνеʧͨ׷ͬʱһϣǽ֮Ԫǽ綼鲻ǰȻÿյӶɲʵҲֶ֮£ȴǲһţƺʲôǳɷһ
һҲǼ꣬ʲô취ȴҲ޷˺ҲָƽģֻϵĻۣȴһ̡
ʱתһŮչѾһǧʱ䣬һգ̫Ϲ˵æڸбʱͨռǰ޲Tǣ̫Ϲ
ͨħս̫Ϲӵõ˼Ķٲֶֻ֪֪Ρһ϶һ˿֮
ħƺ̫ϹĴڣʹԽԽѣ̫Ϲ֧Ȼǰأȴǵû赲ǰ˼ΪͬűԽԽԸС
ʱ̫Ϲ´ϣħһαħĿ̽ѩƷƣŮĸµļƣһ࣬Ϊչصһ֧档˶˳ħսʵǼ˲μӽ鲻ݡ
ǧʱ⣬̫ϹĵһĻǽеͲٲǵոһˣ֮¾ųɾŶǺĵӡ
߲ķڣɽڣɢȻ֮ˣһܹ˶ɽٵϢϣټɽ٣ѩŮʵҲȶɽٸ֣ߴӾΪʵʹһһϵֲ
ЩʹЩԭֱҰǵѡֻ·һ̫ϹΪһӣڶ̫ϹٵУٲ
еز˭˶ѧôˣ˭Ϸ´õĻ᲻ҪȥʲôءǧʱıǨ̫Ϲʱһ顣
ٲǵЩĵΪ̫Ϲķչۡһ۵Ľ͵ħݵġһöǬ


һ ħ٣
·ѩλסһ󣬾ʱɧΪá뷨ħҲͬ
Ȼ׼ʱһ洫һֶħȡˡ˿ݣһɫɵñһ䡣
ѩŮҲĸ֣æеһҲһɫЩѿǴ޲TħǱߴݹǺף췢ɽٸϷų޲TħǱ֣ħΧ޲Tħǡ
˵һڱչ֮ǰϵ˵޲TħȻ˵ԴȪ֮һѾȡ籾ԴֻҪ绹ڣȻҪһЩվԶ
޲TħǶѩƷƺͼŮ˵ȴһ֮أҲһһ๤ˣħ֮ڳʼһս
ͨһ˲˰ʱ޲Tħڣʱ޲TħһƬǽ壬ֻڲϵĳעԪһ⣬һڹ⣬ǷħǶ
һС֮½޲TħǰڿռΧǲ֪ռлصˣ벻һͨڴȻһ磬Ҳˣ̫ϹֵöôգֻҪб㰲Ȼ
ȻεȻռϱ֣ħ˿ռڣˡʧ޲TħǵĴڡ
ΪΪʵ⣬ħ˲ͷ׵û뵽ħȻѾ˿ռΧȻռް޲Tħȴû̵һʱ޲TħǶ˴ֱ˫ӪֻҪħϵĹͶٶҲǰ״Ϊ֮Ҫ޲TħѾɣֻȽ˾ߣȴʱǡжأ
ħ˶֪һǧʱҵҵȫǻۺı㣬²ٹͣ˵̫Ϲķһ붼鹦һ湬࣬ǶĻΪŷ
飬һҲΪͬ⡣Ͼ֪󲻿ΪΪ֮Ȼ£Ҳ޴æͳʼȺռ֮С
ħΪһƣǧķɵ޲TǵĴڿνʹңԶ֮ϣ˳ˣϴӦһȺȺɢɴӣɽΪĵĸ־ͲôֱӺ
һС鲼õǰ˹ı׼ţ޲TħǱԴ֮ãЩɢɴȻײҡҷҪ룬ȴЩѶȡ
ֱ޲Tħϵ˴ʱ򣬷ħĸסˡһߵصĴ󵶣һħǹ£ħɺڸ֣ɱħħˡ
λħħպգǵǾת޲TħҲûոɼ֮񺬺޳֣Ƕ֣ǳһս޲Tħ֮ĴԳģ̡
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һǷҲˡһըһΡӰУһͷ棬ϲŭ޳֮࣬һۣ׽ǹɱǡ뵱һǿ˰ٱ
ֻһ𡮴һֱֳ֣볬󷨺ȥǱҡҡ׹ﾭܵסĺڱ׺һֱӺ֧顣ͬʱԳŭĿ֮ɫԥĳȥӶоҪ޲Tϣ̫ϹӺӵܺɱ
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һȴͨ޹һͷ̫ϹӣͨءЩͺ¿ħͷбס
ȥֻһŮСһصͨ޹ĿȻĿŸ߿֮ϣɱķħǵˮĸϲ̫֮ϹһıŮ˭ˡ
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˵ȻûгɾɣͨƥϵɢɣʹͨڵĸҲԹСԷȻƴ֮ѾķѴ룬ٱͻϮһ͵ֵס


һ Ǭ
һСǧ̫Ϲʿ֮⣬Ҳø߿Ϸħһ
˵һǷħϮ޲TǣֲڱԵųҲͬģ˵һǧĲҴսȻбԭ򣬵˫ڶԷеСĿ˶ѻĳ޸һ־ܵġ
ԿȻ򵥣ħһҲ̲סžȻһСѾͷܡŸһĸ֣ײᱻ˴̼֮бŭĿգħ˵һŭʱѳս
Ŵ֮гһɶο࣬Ŀ¡𣬼ϲԣֳֽħͷطȻ԰ЩأȴʵʵĴڣ˵Ƿ֮гɾ൱ڰ޺ҵλĸ֡
Сָʹǰҷħں󡣱ڣƶȻǰո㣬ԹͶҲգǲͶݹֱħ²顣
ԼĿյµӶ߼ˣԷһɼĴڣҲԥ뵽Էսһʱ䣬ͶӮһʱ䣬ʱܶӻؼҲ׬
ͨһУӵĿŶԷҵʲôŴܣû뵽Ȼֻһ黤Ͷŵ߹ˣ֮Ͻ㡣
ƶȻΪԼһ֣ԷȻƾ㲻Ҳηսϳ˭֪ھ͵ɻݣһ˲ŭģͷⶼһȼգһŮȻٲȰ˽ħƾͳȥ
״֪ԷȻмƣͷЦҲѧͨѧʩչͨһѧǬһ׼Ϊѧǵѧһаʽһ֮Ҳ̫ϵ֮ǿѧҲˡ
ȫ֮󣬾ʽǬգ֮֮ǿνһʱħĸӲƴҲֲ˺ã̫ϹֻһġСԪ塯ܹһϸ¡
һСǧǡǬĵһʽʹǽСɢһ򵱹Ī֮£ƶȻӲռϷ硣
ŻǴͨ࣬ƶȻԺĪ˭֪վȻһСŮѹסŭ𣬶ʻȼգǷҵĽʩչ
һʱ䣬һСǧӰأƶȻ轵ħɭɭضǶӰ֪һǧغϻһֻը죬ȴɲʤ
ħ̾սΪϹ֣ǶĿģЭ֮£˴Ͻ£׼̫Ϲͨռ
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ףԭƶȻͬʱȻһʱƶȻͷһ˿⣬ϲһӣյҪȥ
ֻοϷôһѵĵƣЦһǬڶСʩչһС롮ǧͬһʩչǧһ֮ĺ顣
һСƶȻͷŭ˲䱻ӴϨͷ֮һ˿־壬ﻹ¿ձܣֻܻæϲСܿ˾ٴŤһ
һüͷϾƶȻ·ҪʩչʲôֶҲмɵħǷЦѣһЦ֮ħһһźٺЦһ£һڹͳƶȻȥ
һڹħһ½ħ֣ħһ֣˵͵ϮóԶųħ
ۼҪɼּлħһרſֶΣǱУҲҪдֲȻʱһˣЩħûпƶȻɾͷ׷ɢ
ħ״һܿͷⲢ֣ΪһɫתֳǰһɹƷǷĹϢͷ΢΢
ħȣ߿УһеķŸӼΪһתȻЩ죬һǼʹ֮УһתʮƣǾֻгɵġֻ֮֡
һʱ䣬ڸæ鿴˭ʩչ⡮ֻ֮β鿴һƬ֮⣬Ҳκζ
ֻǷŲ֪˭ֶΣ̫Ϲȴ֪֯˳˵ƺͶ˼Ԩһ˿Ц⣬һЦƺ˵ʦڳˣ


һ תŮ
һΡֻ֮֡ĳ֣ڷ˵һΪҪ飬֪˭ɹ֮˵硡кųơǧĿǧšʦ̫ȻѯʶΣ˭ֻǰһ˵ûп
˱ŸķŸȻͷҲõʦֻ̫ǽͷˡȴ֪ʱͷˬĪʦ̫
һǿȵĴлһ㱾Դ֪ռħսϣȻûһӰӣʱɺϣɵҲ֪Լ˵
ֻʱ򣬴ɣҪһ뱾ԴҲûа취Դ³һܣưͳԻп˵˵ΪѹˣžйܵĿܡ
ʱǧأòײŽһڶȥ˭ֻ֪Ĵֻ֮֡Ȼͳǰһ˲ѩֻؽ塣
뵽ûһ֣⡮ֻ֮Ϊһϡ񷴶վǵĶ棬õ
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ΪˣħʱתǹͷҲƶȻƴƽֵֶζųĿǡ֮֡
֮֡ǡֻ֮֡ȡֻءͶӰ֮ǿԭ֮ϡħĹ֮֡תһֻϢת֮䣬ûЩ䵽ϣͱս룬ʧ
ʲôȻչãããҪ㻹
ħڴħ·ҪǮʩչһǰͬÿһħ԰ġ򷨻
ڶħУǿħȶɽһĲǻҲзΪǧ򣬴˷ȥȻγ㡣һֵ֮֮֡ʼһеĳ֮֡ȥ
֮֡Ȼ쳣ܹ㹥ǿһȥɵĹһʱҲҪֿס
ħΪԼʤڼʱ򣬡֮֡ٴη仯ֻӴתֿʼתʱ򣬻ʲô仯תһٶȣͿԿ֮֡ⲿԳһĤ
ֻһڹĤ֮ϣոҪ͸ȥһ˲ͱһŤת֮˳ȥֱһһͬ춾һ۶ٹǿ㶼˲֣֮ǿպ
ħ״ոջָ˲ȵףѽѽһҪٴηһأû֣仯ٴ
֮֡ϣ졢ءˡħɫâε𣬶⻪һתһһŮӳڡ֮֡ǰѩͺƷƶŮ
Ůһ߷ų֮֡Ϊһ߰ˣԽ࣬Ǿ֪ħĴǻֵѰ·԰źһбս
Ů󷨾ɷֻȴֵϢע롮֮֡Уॡһ쳹֮䣬һŻڡ֮֡롣
棡
ֻأ
Ůһ䣬Ż֮һֻ֮ѰմȾһҪֻأ֪ɵ֣ǱסҲҪķѴԴܵѣΨд˵⣬еĴ޽ɸֲֻ֮ܲ
ħоһȻһʱûӦѹͷôϢĸоȴ֪ȵΣգֻ֮ƹ˿Ҵ⣬Ҳˣֻæųͷħ̽
ħ֮ಢֻ֮֮Уֻ֮䲢ûаãֻôױƣǾ㲻÷Ŵͨ
ۼ䣬ֻ֮һɲһķ֮籡һ編˲Ӧ֮ⷨһ֮һȺħ޾ɢ
գ
ħȻһ֣վû壬Ȼ˼ưԣô׺ֶΣҲЩ
һܱϸ֮֡ӲǰЦħͷӳҲȥͷһתһΣֳӰֻ֮ͳֺ֮ѩƷƶŮ˹ȥ
ѩͺƷƶŮ˿壬ŮһЦЦ֮͸ޱȵĹ죬һ̣Ůһöɫ̨


һ 壬Ӧ
ҵ𣬷
ѩͺƷһԨԴŮӣһİ֮»ع鱾ǵûֻص໥ͬһ㡣ʱͬһƪޱȵ
һ˲䣬Ůͬʱкɫ̨žડһ̨ƮȻһ̣ǵĻзɳɢء
ħ״ѾʮСģЩɫƺϣܹ֮⣬ܣʹʲôֶΣɫ˿ûзӦһԣɫֻǴˣһ˿ʶо
ʲôѵ۷ɣˣʲôֻҪҽŮ׽һжˣҿŮһɼǣһޱɫǵѵõĺûɫץȥмֵթɾٺúһһ˼ζ
ħ֮УٿŮر飬ʱоԣҪ˼ʲôоһͷԷ裬һ⣬Ƿֻ֮ӰȻȥƬ֮ͲӰ
ħľѣ˿ԼôҲ֪˵νѣֻһ׽öŮһжܽ
ʱһҵʮ֮ͨġҵôܣҷ֮˾Ȼֻͨ͡ҵͨ
˻һǷţħ֮ҲǾ֮˵ֻ֮һһػЧĻǡҵǴĹҲʵҲ꣬˹֮Ϲ
ʫơʱؽͬȥӢ۲ɡָ˶˵Ӱ죬˲ʢ˳⣬˥ܣģͷԶһӦٶԵдա
ȻһƮ죬ʮ׽н֮ͫͨ޷˱任಻ӦˡӰֶΣ಻ѭ򽥽Ҫͼһ֮
ͨôһЩֱܹӰ˵ֶ֮ͨͫϾȻܹˣɽתˣҵȴһ
һͨþǽҵĺҵעԷڣȼնԷˣʹöԷ˥ܣ̶ʱܹ˥²²ɡŻҪӰܱ׽֮ˣձ˵ɡùһ㣬ҿ
˵֮ͨУҵǿҲأȴֶΣû֮һ
һ˵һǴ˵еġҵڳ˶ɫħɫ࣬ҪɱŮصĺҵûȫޣҵ°뱲ӣƴһĴ㡣
ħݺݵĿѩͺƷƶŮһۣû֮ǰĳޣֻ֮лһ˿ɵȻΪոմﵽɽڵŮѾĵЩˡ
Ůˣһġ
ħһǰһ㣬һݻͷҲصľͷ˳ȥҲûзħӪΪҲ֪ԼҵԻᱻ˼ɻ䣬˰ۣصԼ̣ҵ⡣
ħһߣֻʣƶȻ֮һһƬգѾ˺ҵȶΪɵ˵ǳȥһҲûԸ⣬һʱ䣬ͨ޲TǵĿռ侹Ȼһʵʵ
·ԽԽٵ̫ϹӣħɫԽԽѿһ֮󣬱ֱɳһǷ֮һӶ֮䣬㻯ɴСһ£֮£Ȼֻ֮ҵһƬռ価
һħŸֱ֣ƶȻڣһƶȻΪһȻһħϷ룬ʱѹסһʱ䣬Ǳޱ߹ӰĿռٴԳ϶
ħҪٴһûҵֵ֮ĵֵûޱ߹ӰЩħźܿ촩谭Ҫ䵽޲Tħǵ档
죡
Σʱ̣һȴһ֮ƾһѪɫԽΪľһһ˺ҧЩħ䲻ͱ˺飬мɽٸûעһУ˴䳾
һĻĿСС޲TħϲֵķħٴγһΪһѪɫѰģϹӦ˫а
ִн磬ӵ֮Ѫ֮⣬˸޷ѧֶΣ˵һͷӦУѾ裬ӦӦͨѰûֶοɱȡ
ڴʱѪɫӦͷɳһ·Ůӣ㣬㣬ãǰս


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ֵǴϹŻƵ۵ļ̣һǧʱ⣬ڽͬʱΪƵ۴еȻҲû
ΪиѩͺƷƸһ̤ɽڣҳΪ֮⣬һԪŮԪϽҲһ⻯ս
һߡս⻯һ鱦ɽԼűĹ߽ΪģʮƷɽΪ⣬֮ǿԽɽˮ׼ٵɢɶһԷһ͵Ϯ̽
ħץԴҲû뵽ԼòҵףȻʼһȺӾһȺӾ⺷ޱȡġǬѩͺƷƵġֻҵǼ̵ġսǾȣ𾪡
˫׼һ֣񣬶ѾһȺСܽ󽫾նǧˣԵʱʹóֶΡ
ŵ޲TħѾħ֣Ǵٿˣзŵȫ֣޲Tħ֡
ħŵ޲TѾΪռ죬ҵ֮ħΪ˾նɱɣ
ħߣͬʱ´ȻͬĿȴͬǾҪӵ֮ǰ޲TħΪˣϧ˵壬ԶҲں
һ˲䣬ԭڵķȻҪѹԵˣЩ٣ֻͷǲҲӡǵصķŽƺħźͬٲ
æơսֵҲֶΣʽǬУһʽҲʩչǿʽɽʩչ
ɽڡ֮ϣǧɽһӡֻӰ׷ɣһҽдƶȻֵסͱɿȥٲǽӰչսһʼֵ
ڶŮֵƬ̣һ˺ǺеĲ·ޱȴ˺̼仯Ƭ֮֡͡ҵҲƮѩͺƷƶŮּ֮ͨһӳּ̺һֵħĹ
⺷ޱȵŮһ֣ʱͽħסֻվ˫ȭѵ֣ħɼĨӳ֣ҲЩ֧ŲסʱʮʹεڷߴԼǵߴɽٸ֡
ߴһǧʱһޣһħңνûһϢǿȵУǷ׷׽ڣΪߵƣ˼ԨѾʼɽٵż
Ѱ޶ɵĸֲͬһսÿһ˶սĥһɱбֶΣټһ±Ǽܷӳ˫
Ǻף췢ɽٸ֣ȻΪû߶٣ÿ˶һɽ鱦ǧʱ䣬Ѿʹģͬҡǵļ룬ԭۿ᧿Σչ֣Ȼٴ֧ס
һߣԼȻһȺסħʱЩҲסӡֻȻȴƽսߣԼ޲TħϻвûתƣЩħųסû̶֡
ʱһãϵˣ
ȥ˵һ촽ķٸҲһħ𣬺ΪħǻϵĴңֻΪóֶϡɣʵħ֮ĩһֱûпڡ
һ̣ǳԾ֮ɫָ·Щȫǻ޲TħϣѾûˣ
⻰ڷħһæ󲿷עת޲Tħ֮ϡϸȥŷ֣ǿ˵޲TϣȻ󲿷ֶǻӰΨʮ˲ʵڡЩͨռȥ
һ˲䣬˶ԭ̫ϹһһȺ˵ֵħչֳĿ֮⣬Ϊʩչ˽ѿ֮۷
һ뵽˴˶ʱϵĸо׼һгֽ׽õʱȴһ
һǬ붨ɽ
ֻأҵ𣡡
սҰѪƣ

һ˲䣬ѩƷƣǺޱĽʩչһƥħУȻըһǿ˼д׺Ӱֻ֮ҵ˼ɻֶ俪ȥ赲ߣ赲˷ħǰ·
ħ˫ּžҪƿռȥһӴıԴ֮赲ǣֻӰɢܼ׷ȥ
ֻʱ޲TѾȥ¥գﻹʲôˣڹҶˣֻʣһƬǡ


һ Ȼ̫֮
ſտյ޲TǣħɫʮѿΪ󶥼ȱ˶Ūһսһǧ޽ϱϮۿҪץסף˭֪Ȼɴƭǰߡ
ħ߲㣬ʮɼ޲Tħڣֻ⵱޲TħһǣҲǶԫбڣ·ǧʷֻвɣڡ
ħͶһǧĻҳһıһۻΪжΣѹԷǻ̫Ϲôһˣ°ûоͲɢ
һξۻóΨһһõĽǾ˫ཫʣ׷ܡĿǱϵĿռǰȥ׷ѰԴҪһٽ󻼡
ȴ˵һһħȻͨħ򣬵ǧʱҲռԭŪһ˾ŲʮҲᷢ޲TħǵĴڡ
գ֮£ռٴδ򿪣Ϊ˷ֹ͵Ϯǲһǰȥ̽Ѱռһͷ
˭֪ɳȥȻûаϢֱǷ֯һֻɢɵ̽飬˻ֻٴѾء
ԭǿռһͷһȻĴ󣬶һʱ仯ϱ仯֮ǰǰȥΪΪ㹻Զи߲һҺɢɸǿѰ·
ϢħȻȴ˵һ̣ͨһ˴С֮ͨУȻ֮ʧȥϹŴкУһĳѹˣ޷ͨظӦѾû˹ϵ
ħ֮У඼ħżѧϰҲɱ˺ɱҲ޷ż࣬統ħ𣬾ͨ󷨣һǧǰ޲TħǾʧӰħ֮Ҳˡ
ȻҲûнⷨȻûи󷨱仯ֶΣͨƪ֪󷨱仯ʱӦҲǿ֮Уи߲ĿⶼųơǧĿǧšʦ̫
ʦã֪ɷ󣿡ɮ֮һ¡˷ʦʵ
ʦ̫ųơǧĿǧšһ֡󷨡ҲˣֻǿϧûõطĺûᣬǧҪôʧѽħɱħһֹ˵š
һǧʦ̫á󷨡֪ħźܶϢΪħ鷳ǶĿھĽ浶ǹ޵
ʦ̫Ϊ˲һһֱ棬ò֣ĵħڸһۣ¡˷ʦʦּ⡣
ܿ죬ʦ̫ӵµĶٴ̡һΣȻͬ󷨱任ʦ̫ʱָΣպ͵·ȻۣȴҲ˳Ȼ˳
߳һ̣һƬ貵ǿվͳǰ춼Ǹɫ⻪ССķ½ʯһΡ빬䣬·ʳһ㣬һɹ֮ɢ·ʲôΰĶ
һĻܵȻħ򣬵ȴϢʦ̫һʱһΡ빬ͷ˲ӭźţˡһһ޴Ĺ־ʹӹϴ
оǿޱȵѹʦ̫ɫһ䣬һáһӷ𳾽ŵӾץ𣬷ٴ˻ش֮УȻӹһ١
ЩħŸ֣ǷӦǸҲڣֻŹѹֵһ켶󡮾̡̫ϹӴԪ֮ǿֵܹҽжһ;
ֹһСɵӰ֣С˭ˡһСģǹһ˿ЦݣתͶ仯Ȼ֮С
ȴ˵ʦ̫ʩչ󷨡ŷŵڴ֮һ·ɱȻ󷨼仯ǱͨſռһͷС
޲Tϣڷħڵʦ̫ĺϢȴʦ̫ææķɱֻԭһ룬ǷŵӣħŵһûС
ħɫѿɱħȵᣬôǣħŵأôһûлѵ㽫Ǻ˲ɣ
ʦ̫ովһ鱾ͲãٱɱħһȣɫȻҲɱħ·ŵӾͳȥ
ʦã⵽ô£ѵҲһ󲻳ɣ¡˷ʦȻΪħʧе죬ֻԴɻѯһ䡣
ʦ̫üͷ΢壬Ȼһ̫߳ϵһѾչһּΪֲĵز
֪һǴ˵Ϲʱ̫ϵĸڡ̫Ϲһ龰Ѿڶһ֮ϣƶǴʱӡջǽԼž˵


һ սݣС
ʲôʲôطʲôȻôĵ̣
ˣʲôȻҰħ;ڡ
ӷıҲŭϣҵȽħ˾Ȱɣ

ʦ̫ħ𾪲ѡԭΪȻȴҲСҲʱһҧ֪̫Ϲĵ̣Ҿһ̫ͬϹħŶѡԵʦ̫ħŵӼȵ顣
ħʵ̫Ϲѹ֮ʽ֡˫޽ʱԼʱ̨սͿ
һգ޲TϾѾ˷ħ֮ǰ޲Tǵ˶ʮֹһǿ˵㳲
һͷдڣΪԷɢ˫Լʦ̫ӣͳ֣ڴָ֮ӣħһһ֮ǰǹַҲֻһЩвˡ
һʦ̫֪̬أҲƴǣ֮Уá󷨡ָλãʱ䣬ħʮϵĸ־֮С˴ʦ̫ġ󷨡ʱָʾ仯ж¸һͱɢ
˾ۼ¡˷ʦ˵ͷʦ̫Ҫ´ָʱһȻγɣֻǻתĴ͵ؾͷɿ仯
ʱǣʦ̫Ȼб仯ûһָһ仯ٴ̶ǵα仯Ĵα仯һ̣С󷨡ȴӦӲȱ仯
һʮα仯ԭĴɢҲȴڶʮα仯Ѿиϰٸ飬˵ʮα仯Ҳһϵʿ顣
һ˴α仯֮һɲ֪Դ֮Уʼ˶ѹ
һ˲䣬ҽ˷Ϊķħʿܲһѹ֮ˣֱ
ħ߲ΪۼһţûбָЩҽȴҲļ١ħħ֮УΪļʦ̫ѣֻʦ̫ѾֶΣվ󷨱仯ﵽһٶȣָ
һһЩһװŪȻ߳ǾɣħɫҲʮѿ˵
⻰ħ׷׸ߺһʼֶΣֻǺȴŶķŷ
¡˷ʦҲ˼˿ߵʦ˷ʦͷͬ¡˷ʦĬһҲˣλʦɣ
λǿ׿ϣȻҲû飬ԽԳơᡣ
һ˲䣬ħ󶥼иֶֶһҽб
Ӵ֮ɵĴһŻ硣ֻһ̣תٶȱƽտһٱֹһ̣һŻ͵Ǵͬһ㣬Ƭ֮ͻٱСһ̣һǻȻը
ڴƿһ˲䣬ħٴ¶Ȼ󷨴ɢĥħҲ󶥼ʮָߣȻ¾ųϵˣһ˶Ƹеĸ֡
һȻըħǰȻһһ̻ãһ̣Ŀ㱻һȴԻ͵ĹȺһӻ֮ɢİ׹ƮȻѣȴûǷ֡
һ׹С飬һβɢħȻ𣬵Դ̫Ϲû˿ġ
ٺ٣ҽ̫ʼ֮һڿռſڣһȻãֻǿϧˣСҲָǧ֮һôҲɱЩһµҽϹʱʲôɰ󡯣󡯲У⼸СкСħͷһ徲ﻹк鷳ֻֻ켶ָӼؼˡʮҲͰˣħΪˡҲֻ֪ͨҲ֪ôǵֵסֻΪϼ
ȻƣС鵣սҲǸݣͷΪ죬һֹţһ̾ͷ̫ϹУħʵϢƹ̫Ϲķ֮ԼͳһչصĶȥ
һΪһչصԵɣѾһǧ꣬Ա߶Ѿ߰˰֮ǰѩƷƣŮ뿪ʱ
Сƿ̫Ϲһ󷨽ƣǰ˴ֻǾ̤һչضʱһϢסоһ̤ȥ
ˣô
С̽Եʵȴû˻ش𡣸оһϢʧСЩԥһ̤˽ȥһ̣ضתһ֮⾳СȻûС


һ Χ̫ϹŮ
̫Ϲ⣬ħ֧Բʮ󣬷˷λý̫ϹΧסһƱǳ޵Ҳ˿Ϊ˵ǲӬɼҪͻƶϼѡ
Ƿħ֮ǰʧıͬҲۼ̫ϹôһʲƸ̰Ƕ֪ȻһʧСܹõ̫ϹһݣԼ˿ʿʲôʧֲܹڳڵľޣڲɽҲпܡ
һΣһͷйķħֻ̫֮Ϲ켶ԼʮؼǳɼƴҲûа취ԴʱֻܲΧֶΣ̫ϹΧסȴʱ
̫Ϲӣ඼ħս̣һЩΪ΢ĵһЩֻ֮⣬˶ʲôʲô˿ûбΧԾ
һ˴ʱ䡣Ȼ֮˵ʱ䲻ǰ׾Թ϶ħ㳲ʱҲͰˣʱԳ±ǣȵռʧ˸Ǿ͸鷳
ڵڶʮʱ򣬷ħ˫ڴЭ飬ϧһдۣҪ̵ʱ֮ڽ̫Ϲ¡
գһħжħͷɵĴһȻѪɫþͳ̫Ϲȥ
̫ϹСķ󷨣ͽùġ̡һ˲ͳѪɫи˹ȥȻûն󣬵Ҳ˴룬գۼϰٵħͷһ
һιħŸ߲ɫ΢䣬뵽յʤչΧġһ˲䣬ʮͬʱǻǻħӣͳ̫ϹӲȥ
СķæҪۼġ󡯺ؼһ˲䣬ͻԻ͵̫Ϲ⣬һ⻪𣬹˾ְȻ⻪ЩȴӲסǷħķѾ޴ɵʮ
ħĹͽХӷ𣬷ħ֮зɳʮϢ˵Ǹ߲ɼֳˡ
Щɼ֣ÿһǳԽ׵ڣÿһǶһţ𾪵˭Ҳ벻һô˾ȻһΧһĿꡣ
һȺɷɼּ룬ԭƽֵսʱͳصб̫Ϲ켶ʮؼԼС൱ڶʦĴڿҲƲס棬ʱ󷨱˺ѣЩΪ©֮͹̫Ϲ
װ̫ϹҲǳصģһ߽žͳЩ󷨽̫Ϲķħֳɱȥ
˵Щ̫ϹΪʵҪһأݴͣжַһսŷħ֣һս˫Ȼһʤ
һȺɼ֪Уͷ׷׶ųһѹƻһ¾жɽ٣ɢɼĸͻƽ
ۼЩֳ̫ϹЩͨӾҪΪ⣬һ̣̫ϹҲһȺȺ
г֮ǰŮߴԼԭˮĸʮλɽٸ֮⣬ѪħԸʦ峤ԭ޲TħǸ֡һ֣ٴƽսִ˷ħơ
ħǧټƣðϳ˵ΣգôܾʹաһХħһʮΪħͬʱ֣һ죬Ȼᴩ˰ٵĤ̫ϹĴϴһ
СΪ飬ҰоνǺ޵ͬʱŵʮʦһҲ׼ʱǣ󲿷־ȴϾˡ
յһӰǼϵĿʹ̫Ϲ䵽ϣǻħ˭ˡ
ħΪɼ֣ȻͬĲϣʵΪ̫ϹӣĻн޵ɱ
촽΢ϰ̫Ϲƺʲô;һ㣬Ÿ;ܿһ˲䣬Щ֮Եеķħ־ͳ˻ʹɱ֣һ棬̫Ϲһսһˡ
һʤħʮֵ⣬ҲԼʹǾǿŮڷħֻҪ׽õǣ̫Ϲǰˡ
ֻˣƣһ˲ŮսڡЦһһӰԹ֣ͳŮͶ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ŮҲһƬã֮ɫƺ˻СǶԵеķħּҪ׽ã˭֪ǿ˲䣬ŮлָĿ˻ħһۡ
һ־ݵһҽдЩɽٸ֣ɢɷ׷ײҽУһõ֮⣬˶˲Ů¡


һ ħ𣬷ħ
־ΪòͻΧ󹦣ôôĻħɫȻһ䣬һĵնʱһ㡣
СѾͷȻ屾ĻһǼʶʶҵġħ衯
ħӲˣҲħһʵѹǼʩչλζһ˲ֻǧɫ̬ŮŮһűƬƲң裬·õ顣
̫ϹӾгܲסǵŮȥһ̣Ůʱһ㣬͵ؾԿУܿ죬Щ̫Ϲãһ赹ز
һУħԼĳħ衯ЧٿŮɫȴǰѿΪŮһУֻһδŵӣնɱǰķħ֣ģ˵УǿһҲǷ
ܣġħ衯ɾҲҪУǣôܲӰ죡ħЩЪ˹Ĵ
ʱŮƺϷһۣѩ֮⣬Ůжǲм֮ɫ̵ʲôħ衯ɾҿȲ׽Ĺű䡣
ʲôұȲˣħķ汻̤ȻҪţŮıȴֻͷһ˲䣬ŪһڹƵ˲
ŮЦѡ˵Ҳֻ˵һ룬С׵ȷʵڹǱĹֶΣԭȴǵ춨˸ԵĵУ龳Ĳζԣûв죬ϣԲŲܻӰ졣
ħһδȻȻҲɼ֣ܿɱĿŮֻҪɱˣĻиɻġ
ȴǵãŮ֮ǰɶɼȻ໥Ƶԭ򣬵ɼ·磬Ҳ˵˼һתûֻһԼԼȻŮ
εĻ֮ǰͬڶԷ֮ϣŮҲ޷ԵȵٽŮֻаɲʱŮûз֡
ѾͷƬ࣬Ҿɱ
ħЦţһϬݡսļ̾Ҫɱ֡
ʱһϤߴħʲô
ħȻһûв˿תͷȥһһİݡһ̣ʲôеħ㣡
ǻһħһֱŻڲħ֣Ҳû̶ȵȫ˼ŮϵʱǱй̫ϹϢڸǣ˻ħһֲ
ң
㲻ʧôô
Ҳʧˣֻǹ鸽ˣΪʲôΪô
鸽鸽˭ˣħоЩԣԾ
ħԣٺЦΪأ
ϤЦħ𰵵áҪߣħãϢй¶ٶ֣ôѡһָһȵͷħ
ħһͷһɳȻɣ֮һöɺɳҵʲô
ħѩͺƷƼɵѣҲСҵħпⶫ׼һҪӿʱһްͻأĳ֮ϡ
һɽ
ħİţʱϵһɽħԤϵõʱΪĻ˿ãֻشǧĹһ˲һڱʲôҲ֪ˡ
һ֣ħֻʣ°ħ˵ͷͳһطȥħŽűǰĻħһץ𣬾ʧ
Ϊ̫Ϲħֵ˰ʱ̫̽ϹУû˻ħϢһ
Ȼ֮Կûħǰ棬һҪԭʵʲôôҲ³˭֪ȻӴһȥء
ƴ˰ɣ˭ȳȥ˭ôͷɱħû˻ħӰɫʮѿһȻڲɱħǧɳ̣վͳ̫Ϲȥ
ɱħߺڵĸ֣һǺ޶̫Ϲ̫ɢһȻʮҪ̫ϹС
ħҲɱħȥ˺ôԼȲҲٲ֣׷׽ɱзų
һִ̣ͨҪǮ籡ԭֵĻ󣬶ʱԵ᧿Σͬѹļһ㣬һ


һһ 䣬̫Σ
ʱڲΧ·ħֵ̫Ϲ˵ӶдС鼱еֵסˣҼ֮δˣ˻عڣ
⻰Ůɫһ䣬ܿ׷׽ͨʩչΪ̫Ϲʱֵȵ˶˻أǲ֣Ҳ빬ȥˡ
Ǹ˻عŵʱ򣬻ҲֵסžһϰعĤͬѹ˵ļǣѿħѷ֮롣
ۼħԽԽ࣬ҪһƳ̫Ϲŵʱһۻ˷̫ű䣡
ոڶħͷӿ𲻺õĸоæߺ½ɴ󣬲ûȴ½ɣ仯Ѿʼ
һһը֮ͷ̧ۿȥֻԭ̫Ϲ⣬ԭƵ󷨹Ĥϲ֪ʲôʱһ½Щ½ɽССҲ緿һ㡣š䡯ִЩ½ͬͶʯһ
ѰɽʯЩΪķħҲ㲻ʲôЩ½Ϲ֮Ƭڤڤ֮в֪Ưãʴֻʣһ֣ۼӲǳضͨʯǿ
Щ½Сӳˡ֮մȾϢһɳض޿赲ƺѰһֵһҪѰٱ
һȺ½䣬һ˲䣬Щû󷨵ֱӱƷһҽȻأǽ󷨵ֵĵطڷ½ĺ֮Ҳֵʮֳ˵ǹ̫ϹԱҲ
Щħָû뵽ôһУȻ⡮䡯ֶΣӴķ½¶ʼˣҲЩż
ֻ⡮䡯̫ϹΧʮˣǳͷҲȻֻǿһҽԼϵĲֻסˣÿʱ䶼вٷħķ½֮¡
̫Ϲ֮УһĻ̫ϹӾϲ߲ȴ֪һ䡯֮Ȼң̫ܳãһȥʧȥϵ̫ϹΪɷķħĶ
Ϊ˲úֶΣСڿơ䡯ķ񣺡С飬仹ܳã
Ƭ֮Сķһǧʱۣܼʱϣ˴ε̫ǿСǿȣֻܼһʱ
ֻһʱü΢æ¸֪ѩˣŮüͷǽƷ齫һѹϾһչǧõ㹻ãǲ㹻һ˰æҲܼʧ
飬ѩͼ̶ʾͬ⣬ʱСλĸСıѾǰȥˣֻƺһصС齨鲻ȥˣֻǵȴתò
СѾȥһȴһʱ޹ŮƬҲ⡣ϴʱǾǾ˧ְأĲȣǲá
ֻһ£Ǿǵȣߵߵһǰȵ̫ϹٵľͽһǧҵһǺȷǻһѭ
˵ǵȴҲԴУħĽ֮£̫ϹӺϳ֧ӣֱһһʧȥԣҲᱻ˸ƣ˵ʱҲᱻһˡ
̫Ϲӽűսʱһʱʱܿ͹ȥֻ߿֮ϣǡ䡯ٶȹȻԼ˺ؾֹͣסۿȥΨ̫Ϲƽ̨ɸߵ̳Űıǡ
һɿ紵̳ɾ¶ƽ̨֮ϵķħħ󶥼´Ǹ֣Ȼڡ䡯ĺ֮£ʧԼĪһɵ֣ŵҲƣǵȴ˿ûм
һ׷׵оϵ𾭣ħһĥպգƺ׼ʱɱ̫Ϲʱħڶˡ
ֻһƺЩˣħ˫ٲСǰһ˲͹ſڣȴ㻨һʱһпܵΣգŹſڡ
׼ǰһ̣һɱʹ̫ϹڴͬһɱһԶħ֮С̫ϹԪӳ֣һʱȻ÷ħ˫Ŵҡ
ˣħٲԼݣȻֶЩͨɵĴ֮֡뷲ȣѾﵽһ磬ʲôԽɱ˵ĴֶΣֵܵ˽ʮɼֵķħ̫ϹɵĴͱס˲ܡ


һ ȰΣ
֮еŮ֪ȥȻΧɱһ񣬾ʹȥһ̣ͼ֮УһӰ˳ŮߴӣԼһոĶɽټ֡
һ֣ͬԤıĳŷħΪĵطж̫ϹĴ֧֣ÿ˵ʵһ㣬գ۹Ϊ̫Ϲȱڡ
ʱСڿƣ˻ᣬοϷŹ׷Ѱ˿϶ͳΧȦڳʱնɱ˲ٷħ֡
һεͻΧֻ꼻һ֣̫ϹڸȻһʱΣܿͱħ߲㣬ħϡ¡˷ʦԽסѩͺƷƣħ̱ʦס
¡˷ʦͿѩͺƷƵֻͨû԰ͨĵزԶѩͺƷƣ뷨š
Ҫֻ֪ۡǡҵǼΪѵõͨͨŬ֮⣬Ҫʡͨʮ£ҲãǱڵõǧ꣬ھͻ׳һֹһûд̫ϹһҲֵƱˡ
Ŀģ¡˷ʦһŮһȰ˵ӷ𣬶λŮʩȻҷŴ󷨣ֺαۣͬķڣʽҷΡʱΪλŮʩʦ֣˵λҵƽ롣ҷŵֻ֧֣͡ҵͨȻܹԲ磬ʱշɾҵλҲǿڰ
ҵλһ㣬֮ҵλλ޺ͬɣ޺ͬɣ޺ͬɣҵλ൱ڴ˵еĽɣҵλԽߣһԴơ
ʮɾͷӾ͵ͬ˵Ĵ޽ɣ֮ʲôҵληֱ˵ǷףɽҲټˡɽѾһɴ˿ɼҵλҲƽջνǲСҲǼŮͨŸ˴Ʊ
ֻ¡˷ʦˣ֪Ůֻ֮͡ҵǴ˰һ˼ʲôҵλ˵Ȼһһô
ŮһЦתͷ¡˷ʦмһٴγ֣֮֡ҵҲƵķų¡˷ʦŴ֮ͨеġǧ䡯һ˲ûһǧֱֻۣӲһɹҲҪԴ
Ȼǧ䡯ڡֻ͡ҵǰҲֿܵƣ¡˷ʦΪ߹Ůֹһǹ˼ɶŮܵʲô˺ͨԼŮõ̫Ϲļӳ֣ǿ׽
¡˷ʦ߲ͬɱħԸһζɱһ仰ûУֻЦӶɱϵΪﵽɽٺڣһ֡ǬĹ뻯лǿϳһɼ鱦ͨҲΣղѡ
ɱ˰Σɱħڼֿ֮нĥģɫЩѿ˵ͷЦøСӣȻ׺ҿľǸɼ鱦ĹӰɣһǱϵ»ڱأ֪ɣҷȰһ䣬ӽһԽΪңȻûɣվֺԭΣʱʲôɾͿ
ԣʱɱħϴξͶסͨһһᡣȻʵ⣬˿壬ǹһ˿Цħͷе߾֮ħͷ޵ܣȻҴ⣬ѵ˲ɡ
ɱħĻ˵һǺɫЩѿҲ˵һͺ𣬱ɱħһȻֳߵ̬ϢͬĵӰһߵƥתžĵͳնȥ
ߵӰսЩɫȻľʽǬϹϾ̫ͣǿǰʽѧᣬѾǼޡȻݽ겣Ĳߣԣȴɱħɱħһء
ۼŵ£ҲϾ¾һͨһ潫ǧɽʽʩչ
ͨҲǸһ˲䣬ʮֹһСǧƿһ⣬һСƿɽҪƻʣĵʱһ⾹Ȼһ㣬ͻأʧֳڹӰ֮䡣
ʱ˿̣ڳ̫Ϲ˿һĻɫ䲻ѣ׼͵Ϯħħɫһɷס뵽⣬ʲôӵĲ״Ŀͣľ˳ȥ
ֻɱħһصľƽʩչΪ˻ɼ鱦ѾܲˣħٶȼȴҲ׷ϡ
ۼһ֮¾㲻ҲҪˣһӰԴܳħ죬û˿һ˲赲ǵ֮ǰ


һ ƹض
ɱħǺε󶥼֮һħħ֮һʩչɱһҲıơħαװҲ˿壬ֻһЦͷŹͽһӰЩԾˡ
ʲôˣȻѰȻˣͳȫɣ
ɱħܹ쵽񾳽磬ʵǿҲеϸԵɣһӰȻ壬Ҳκ⣬æĴٴν֮ǰնϵᣬƾһնȻһ֮󣬺ΪһͳԼǰӰնȥ
ߣ
һߴӰٴ֮ǰٶʧԭأһѾǰһ˲ҲʧǱþɱһʧȥĿ꣬޴йֻܾ㵱ն£̫ϹӲޱȵĵҲһǳǳĻۡ
⵽ô£
ɱħٶȿˣûûܹ쵽ɱһ´ѡУҲɽĸˣ˼ûĴڡһ̣뷨ױƣһ˲䣬ġɱħ·ˡɱƵ
Ъ˹ʱӰٴγֻ֣һѾʮ֮ˡӰ£һץͽϢĺӰץƣԳ˺ºۣЦݣʱ۽ħһ£ȻԴм˼ⲻһ˭ˡ
ԭͱС黽ѣֻǵʱϤµõֶͨκû̳֣õķħ֣ʱֿĻύŮԼ˵ӣΪһԼڰӰ֮У۲һ
ⲿ󼴽Ƶ˲䣬Ҫǽоݣһ˱֡
ǡֻ֮֡ʽǬսŮֶΣߴӷɱУͨӵŬʮ⡣һμΣգͺԥĳӪȡ

һ
磡
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ϣˣ

һ˲䣬һйص˶ƺϣһЩ͸һĸ֣뵽һɽģɫЩѿɱħղŻһԼ˵һɫһ㡣
Ķһɵֱû뵽Ȼûĺ£ҽһһӺڣ
һԣһЦĺ¾ǶԸŮǶ˵ɾǻˣβֹοЩĶȻøţ˺Ůˣҳֹ֮⣬ҪһĽѵȻϰƵͳҵǿԿǷһ·
ɱħһղԼ˵Ļһ˵Լʱ߳ŭΪħɸ֣Ҳı֮ŭŭȴûгͷԣͷѾһһѽѽһŭģɱһʩչͳһնɱȥ
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ֻǺܿʧˣΪһû뿪ȥվԭأƺȴһĵߺһĵԼֻʮɲһ˫Ŀ˿ûп־˷ܣƺıƣ̶мҡҡͷһ˦ƽƽһ

һ죬һ޺Ľ֮һ̣ͼһһײһ𡣹ǣһײԵжǿ󣬵ƥĵ⾹Ȼͣԭءƾɱħ̶ͬѲá
ǡ֮ͬ
ɱħɫ䣬𵱳һʱǸı䷨ĽĵãҪעɱеʶ
һλӦһһӽһ죬ȴǡžડһޱȵĵѿͬʱѵȻɱħעеһħ
ۡ
ɱħһעɱ뷨ħʮǿ󣬵һնƣʱܵصǣһںڵѪ˲ơ
һ״ЦһȻѾˣǾ͸ÿҵˣ
˵䣬ٴξٽƾһ棬˲Ϣ֮ɱħǰɱħȻһˣһٶ̫죬̫죬˱ܲãֻǿӵֿ
һ¶мȻûʽ֮ͨԪҲûɷһǧĴĥϵĻ֮ǰİٱʵ֮ǿǵʮֹһнʩչɱħֻм֮ûл֮һйɱħȻٴιҲʣ᧿Σ
ʱһŴһһԵǧƾճ֣Ķ棬ѩͺƷƶŮ


һ зǧ
һһ־ѹԵʵɱħûƢһĻȻ˿Ҳ˶𾪲ѡʵսԵ˷롣
¡˷ʦþòܽŮȰһֿܲʣʱ͸ıĿģ˶ΣȲǷȫõŮֻҪȽǶץУ˲۷ʲôҲ˵ûܽŮﵽĿġ
¡˷ʦڽֵĴͨǧ䡯ȫǧģʼԶŮըȻһŻǿֵĶŮʱ·硣
һüͷһ塣ɱħͷϲæЦеģ㻹ȥٲȥͷҪЩ׽ȥҿ˵֮еĻϲʮͨأȥһɾû
һɱħ⻰һ˿ŭɫ֣ѩǼڣ˭˶Ƕһ⵽ķһŭ飬ɱħͷһ£ȴûͣ£˵ͣ
Ȼÿһ㣬ǱʶʶʲôдͨɣԪ񣬳
һһЦһһǵңͣͬʱһȣһ׹Ӷŷ𣬻Ǿͳǧȥ
һĻɱħ֪һѾʼʩչԮֶΣȴһֻһͨʹ¡˷ʦȳŮĵزֻǲյĽ⣬Ͼˣֻ¡˷ʦܹһߣԼӳĻᡣ
ȴ˵¡˷ʦתǧ䡯ԸŮѾռϷ磬ֻҪ־ܹƶŮĻ⣬һáʱһǱ߷İ׹ʱע⣬δ⣬æֳһǰ׹ɱȥ
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һȻһԡԪİ·¡˷ʦ״аͫһϢһһ޶Ծ͵һķ
Ҫ֪Ȼֻһ֣һ壬ʵǿ뱾ϵֻñɲжǷ֮󣬾ͲһУڴǧ䣬ȴֶֻΡ
ӷĲǿڶλŮʩҷԵҷҿʩҲľ߻۸ҲλԴΣ
ҷ𣿡һǹһ˿Цݣָ¡˷ʦͺ¿ķķҺθɣҪ˵αˣΣ
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һ״ѩͺƷƵ˵ͷתӡд䣬һɫ֮һţһ˲Գһdֺ֣һɽƾͳǧ˹ȥ
¡˷ʦһƣʱɫ䣬ɳƵĿезȻǡз
һһСзͽǧסǹһ˿ЦȻ֪ǡз֪˭ǷôҿҰɣзǧӣΪڣ
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Ʋڣ¡˷ʦҲǰ޺ҵλĸ֣סβ֮ʹһ͵ĹĴǡǧ䡯Ȼը飬һɳʱ赲ˡзѹæһƾݿȥ


һ Ѫ·
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˵䣬һһĶͷһѪ𣬵һһͬѪɫ۵һһĵڶѪ·
·õ˷ͨѪ·̳еħŴ󷨡Ѫһһ־͸µĵĮͬһ˫ͫԵζЦһӣ½سͷϣһ̣һӰ
ЩӰ䵽ſ֮⣬Ȼûһţͷ棬󵶣ạ̊́ǡħ䡯ġħ񡯡
ƽһòϾħھħĥɴûзȵľĻᣬѹݣǿҪŤתսֶʮѣħķηĴڣǹսǴѻ
ֵͶħҲһһߣѾﵽ񡮾ħ䡯ޣӡ
һǧʱ䣬һȴûţһֱڼʱľħӽˮ׼ټǺηӣ׶Ϣָܽɱòһ֡
һһһ߾ħȻǷħĶʮ֮һһ֮о޴Ӧ
Щħ׺вٴͶԲ̫ϹӺΧһǸΪսЩ䵥ĻСķħʿ󷨾Ϳʼ
ЩħȻʵʶǳȴɱ¾ĶħǴϹŵɱҲɵɥ˼ֵƴսľħʱЩֵסʼڽڰ
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һ𷨸Ҫʩչͨһ֮ٵСͨųûѪ·
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һҽдڷŴͨзǿġղӳ侭һ֮ѸٸʴͬʱѿǷһҲֵסѪˡ
һеѪ·ɱͷҲǷɶݶȥķ׹Ƿħ֮УħıͿʼһɱ¾
Ƿһа䣬˵ЩѰ֣˵֮һڣӲҲ˿壬ɱ˹ȥ
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Ƿʹһеʱ򣬺оϢͬʱԼһЩϤķϢǵʦ֮һʦһһħȴΪİ
ӷգʩû뵽ļˣԵֲǳ
ʦһڣһǾ͹һ˿Ц˿֣СϢ֪֮˾Ƿħⶥ֣˷ʦħ
˷ʦ¡˷ʦʦܣ¡˷ʦ֮æֻ·ֱһ
ħǼɱħħһʽ΢ȱΪħħΣŲò֡
˲ԼͬǰԸһ˶൱ɺڵĸ֣ɱħ͵ߺڸΧһʲô˶Σ


һ ĴΧ
һŭһЦҡҡͷ㣬һγһͻķ飬û뵽ȻĴֵѪɾͣãҾһԷâ¶֪̫Ϲɣ
⻰˶λʦʮ㣬û̫⣬ħɫȻһСӣܹɱ¡ˣȷʵֻȴ̫һ֮Կˣֻ·һ
ʦҲ˵ͷʩСС;˳ɾ֮ͣҲݣֻܹﵽӢţزۣΪϧҵȿԷһ·Ρ
ʦ˵öԣسɷһ㾫ͨҷͨҲҷԵ֮ˣҷԵôֻ֣̲·һ˷ʦǴħͨ˵֮ʹһɷŵеɱ
ǰԮȣۼҪܵɱħҲָģ¸һЦӵֱָһģڵˡ
вȰĻһ˿Ϊһܣֱһһ³֣ɱ
ɱָ䣬һȻ֣һתų޽򣬱޽еͬܲըɢȥٶȻǵʮĴּ״׷ÿȥ
һ˲һڶˣ̫鲽̤Ȼ̺һ̫İͻĿɱħ˵ĴԼĥʯϾǷ֮ˣĴֵΣҲ뾡ܽ͡
ɱħƺϵԼˣ֮еĶ̰壬Ȼᱻһصչˣһһʧ;ͬʱɱħĵ𣬰Լ롣
ò˵ɱħĽһһ˲䣬һȻɱȻ⾡飬ȴһ˿һ˲ʦ˸һò˱ܿȥ
˴˻ᣬĴγɺΧ֮ƣϳһһ롣
һȻԸȳʵҲ˿壬һǧĻ۾չֿ˽ͨѡһ֮ͨᴩͨͨʱһ򷨣ʱһ򷨣ʱͨνǽ¾չ֡
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ʱ̿һû˿ţѹźĽ²ݣһ˲һͻƵĸоֽųʱֵһ£㿪ʼѰڤڤ֮еĸо
ΪǬɷΪǬϣش޾Ϊأһ죬һѵء
һڲʱƺɱħķò˵Դӵõ޲Tħǵ֮ʽһķ
ּķѰӵеģͬɾֿըķֻ΢΢ɶȴ˿ûбƵ˼
ʱһʩסһ˷ʦƺʲôһöڽɳֱֱ֮ϡֻһڽ豻õ˶ء
˷ʦһæߺǴ˵еͨǵ˲ɣһܺ
⻰ƣɱλħɫһ䣬ҲͨȴûмһȻһϡ
뵽һֲĴǻһǿûΧĻᣬħٲءæ˾Ÿ򵽵ĵΪ˾ᵽԱ֮ϣͳһնɱȥ


һ ͨתɷһ
ħɱħֲڵ÷ƽ˶ʲôЧ಻Ǹо紵һˡ
νһһֶ֮ȴ໥ƣһײмӦһɴϢĹײϣһ޵ʱ˼֡
һйȻЧħȻоЩԾնɱһĻǰοϷٴ˿ʼг
ÿһγħ˳õһ֣ǧΣĹ⻪ֻʣһС룬ħ˷ʱ䣬һ񣬾Ȼ߶ˣ뵶ħ֮Уϧĺ˳
ֻһ죬ҲֵסȻֲڵҲĹȻըһ˲䣬һ޷¶ħǰ
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˭֪ʱʦ˷ʦҲһ֮ɫƺԻ˶һ㡣ʦеǣͨܿˣһɱ
ħԣ˼һת˫һסһһնɱûʲôãȴ飬ο˼ܿƲסԼͨ
ԭأͨһٿǰʦǲɵЩˡ
ƣ˵ô£
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ħˮݣһǧɱ˲֪ٷӷͽҪԸҲǲܡһˣħĶ֡
˵ȷʵпܣȻˣĶɱܾˣ񲻶Ҫŵ֮УָǺã
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һҴ߶ħȻûԭǺģײصģͳһһνħǿһ֮£С綼Ҫɻҳ
ۼһһȥȻ⻷մȥһҲҪ⽴

Ǻ˾һֻһ֮ңʱһ⻪һӰľ촫ǺȥǺ˾Ȼ˲䶨ס
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⻰ɱħħЩͺ¿ʲôҪɱһǱȻ飬̫Ϊ˻סԼһĵطֻô붼ܵһַųͨ
ɱһͬնɱӣħæе
ãɱħȻһɵѣҲ֪һԼѹԺԥ»ص⻷֮С
ħһһͳһ¹ȥۼ⻷ڰ׹˸ҪֹǣħһᣬͰѿȥһ̾һǰ
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ħоᣬͬʱųɼл֮Ƴһɱȥʱһһɫһ籡һʣͻɫһŻɫ֮Уһͱʳɷ顣


һ ˼޵УħΧɱ
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ɱħѾһˣ罣ɫ䣬һͷħҲоŹֻɱħͬһӴ࣬ûת˼һ׼ᡣ
Ѫħģ֮ħΪС
ħҲǺ˼һһҲٻħɼֵѪٻħ𵱳һħǿٱֹһСܹɸֶɡ
ۼһɵĶռз֮дܳ䵽ϾͻΡħ֮иߵȼĴڡħٻ˶æ˺ֻƾԼٻָһ֮ħǵˣɣȥǰɣ
⻰Щħһ㶣ƺӦ˿ħֿ˿һǷʲôöһ㣬˷ܵķ׷׼Хͳһȥ
һ·Щͨ׹ЩħҲһ˾ӹȥȻͨЩۣһһ֮Ѿǲ԰Ρ
һ·ʮͷħͷ̫չˡ˺ܶΣűɢ󵽴һǰʱ򣬻ʣ¶ʮͷ
ۿЩħҪһȥǻɫĽٴγ֣ͷͳħնɱȥЩħѾϰΪΪЩܹһڲҪ˻
һ˲䣬һޱȵĲҽдǰһͷħȻɫһӶֳƬ˿ڶ˵Ǳħȴû˸ƬһһһţҪٳһ
û˳ߣͺסһ̣ɵ֮ɫȻը⳯ħȥԽ࣬ͷħԽǧʱֱɢ
һлûǧȻ䣬ҲмͷħСܿ⼸ͷħ͸һͷһģһ罣⣬価ɢ
ѭ֣ʣ¶ʮͷħĴһͷл罣⣬Ҫʤʵһŵһ̣л罣ΪһֱӽᴩС
һĻħħٻħɱһ⣬䶨һУħɵûԼǲٻħܿͷ뷨˫Ŀյһǿ־֮ɫ
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ħͷӡҲкһ壬Ҫƹ⻷ɳ̫ϹӴ֮¶ҲҪһ档
һȻԸֻ̤ͨ⻷һֻŻߵʱһϤħˣô˵һҪ߰ѵ˴Ͳô
ħͷһͷҲأһƾͳȥһȻǻҳ֣Ҳܹɽӡڸոĳ˲䣬оʲôһ̣һдյǿƳ
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ħϣ̾ǵڶַֻ־һƣһƲȫ滹̺һ˫ħʹ˳ȥһйȻЧȻħҲٴʯ󺣣һ˲оʧæͰ˻
һ£ħβ֪Լܵ뷨Ѵɣֻܼݹɱħغϣſˣһ»ۣһ˭ˡֻһΣһĸовһ
˵ʱһǿǿӣڳ֣ȴһ־ǷȱĸоͬһȻǾûп⣬ȻҲɱˣȴʮɬ
һ̣һǷȱĶȻͲˣ䲻˵ȻɣһֶѾվͬһߵˮ׼ʱѾĴĥ־ɱˡ
ϵ׷ʲôôҸоһɲսʤĸо
ֻ㣬Ҳоˣͺ¿ҲоˣһߵˣټٷٻħǰΧɱ˴кˣ
ħΧɱͶԸһˣ
һΣٴͻƣѾû㣬˼޵У˵Һͺ¿ǶһˣҲҪɱɾΪֻ֮ټ˽Χɱ͵űʬɣ
ħΪѲæħԼ·źţ̫ϹħŴ仯Ȼת̬ƣдһƺŴС֮ӦһҲˡ
һ̣һݹֱλħλԱߣһδħַħ飬һΪģһģȻ˶۸٣Ҫȫһնɱڴˡ


һ һ֮λһ
ʱǣһΧ֮Уһֳֽһֱ󣬻һܣûΣĸоһģ·Ѳһ㡣
ãܺãħȻͬ죬ʮɼ֣ˣӦǶʮʱѵҪ͵Ϯɣ
һԹԵ˵ţ˿ںڳħֵķӦһָһüħһǡһնɱȥһħŸֶû𣬵һ̣һдһӰܳǵҵյħ˭ˡ
ħħ֮׼磬ȴһһȳԾͬʱҲòħڶħħغϣһΧȦһˡ
ֻȻһˣսӲ٣ڳħûһͷĵġǿħǼħǽǴǰ˳ȥ
ʱǶȻҪһ赲ۿ⣬ʶֶΣҲ׽ԲֻǿһȥģûаΪ
һʱ䣬ľͬʱҲңһԼҲ㲻ʱ㲻Ҳܡ
һħϳĵ˵ͷתͷʦ̫΢΢һЦʦ̫Ҫ豾Դһǧ꣬ЩȴǹⲻȥȥɣһѪ֣֮ҲĳĻˡ
ʦ̫һ޵ѾľսټԼ˵һʱɫһƬһƬףģ׵Ǽ˶ͬһ㿴Լһʱ֪֮λشˡ
ʦ̫ȴ֪ʱǲ̬½ʤҲҪżѹ˼һ뵽һҲܶԸˣһҪɫƶͬˣǸΣͶҷŴ¾顣
ʦ̫⻰һ鿴Щʲôʱ˿̶һ˾ͶһǶϼ޻̫֮Իٳǵ顣
֮ǰһ˵¡˷ʦʮһŵӷʦҷŵ䷶ʩޱߣຣģسɷ𣡡
һʦ̫ܾҲ̫ʧ¡˷ʦһЦʦԼǣֻŹһһ֮ţʵڷ֮УҵķűӸţҷš
һͬǿ˿ͨķ𷨸֣򵥵ͽ¡˷ʦĻ˻ȥһȺ֮Ȼвģָһͺȵ󵨿ͽʵڿȻȴݲаħٹ鸽ޱ߿ѡ
˵䣬ǷƺҪչʾͨһĶͷؽľʶֳͨһͨ·֣ãƺҪһƬضҫ
һĻħһȺħħ˫ڱƴ˭ǷţλʩչҫֶΣŶ԰ڣƻġ
ʱһŴԭڣһɸǿʮķȻ÷ͨʱϼһʱ䣬ȻǷĹ⻪ڵ˿ȣ·һ£һө档
ʲô
Ƿѯʡʲôˡһˡȴں˵ΪǰһԻޱȵĽɫdӡͳǰһ֣ӷͽĹݣǿǻԹʮ˿һĤݵĳ嶯
ŷһ䶷սʤз
ķ
ķ֮ǰԡз¡˷ʦ
ħɼּˣ˳һİ··Ů֮ɢ˶²ⲻѣ˭֪ٴγ֣ȻԡзΪơ
һĻ¡˷ʦɫѿҲɫơĲ˵źü׵ĴͨգһЩסǽһʵȺסҲסץˣɱˡ
·֮ǰһǲȥһ飬պûһ˹֣ջзͨͬһ㣬һ
һĻΪܹƾ˶۸ٽһµڸ־;ЩŲˡһֱŲԸħŶûѡϼѵʱһԼ϶֡һ̣һǵĵ鷢
ҪսұսȻҪսβҰ
һЦĿ֮£Ȼķ½ڵϣ̫ϹĲʶҳһ½ħʲô
һͷͷħԾ˳ȻΪսûнħһͷħÿһͷǶɽˮ׼Χһɣƴܹ֮նɱ˸֡
һж㲻ͷϷһѪ·䵽棬涼һͬʱħֿѾֲѪװεѪʱɫѿ˼֡


һ ľ죬һսڵ
Ѫ£ˣɰƽˣ
ɲ˭ЩСආεֵסҾħһǧһħΪʩչħѪ󷨡ħ꽵٣ЩСħͷСͺ¿ͱƨ˰ɣ
ãܺã˿£׼ֶҲԷˣ
·ͷһáһָ̫Ϲһ¡¡֮ԭ̫ϹһӰ̧֡ͷȥֻһòľ֣²ͻԹ̫ϹԭĴͽ֮С
һ˲䣬ۿɼЩͽѸٻָ֮лһ㾧ڣƺ⣬̫Ϲһ޵гǱһ㡣
ʲôȻܲ羧ڣ϶죬ȻôӴһȻ˶죡
ѵǴ˵е֮ľɣ
ľܣϹ֮ǰľѾʧؼ䣬䣬ֻһľ̴˵ӵнľиҲǲиˣô֮
Ҫ֪Ըһӵл̫ϹͶԸһ˶̫ϹȫǰӣȴֻҪǿͻƣѾΣȫƿڶԷе磬ȫͿͳĲ𣬳ǻȥ죬Զƽࡣ
Լ̫Ϲ죬иֶɲ۷׷סۣһܹһĽľ
һͷЦѡԭľеõľҲǲи˻ûľҲˡ
õƿ֮ͻ룬еһǧʱҲͬʱڴ߶ƿܹ׹ǣȻľ¶ձԸһνԭŨȵҺ
֮ǰðȥȥθľʱ죬Һ룬ľȻԭˮĸĶ֧ſ̫Ϲ졣
һɣ̫ϹӶܽʮ֮ǰСħѪ󷨡ħħսѾõģ㲻ʤҲԱ֤䡣Ψһ⣬ǰЩħС
ʦ̫ز˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôܸľˣٸһᣬȥɣһӴ˶Ͼ
һٴοڣɫָʦ̫Ǳɫ˫Ŀɵϴֱֱһѵѵ֬ƿ
һ˵ͷ֬ƿһɱѽ뽨ľ϶Ϊһ֬ƿˡ
㣡ʦ̫ԣָһ˵ɫȻҡҡͷããã֬ƿһҲ޻˵ʦϣһرаħ
ʦ̫䣬һ֪˵Ҳǰ˵ѳɣҲָһһֻ֣ϧ̾һѪ££һͬɱаɣ
ã
ɱɣɱɣ
һһ䣬ȳ֣£ѪҲӦŵһ׷׳֣һȺħ֡
һֶΣһֳѷ׵ĽɷһĻ罣Ԫ߶֮ɴ档
һĶͷط֣ᱦãһƴ߶зһֱ仯ڲӡϼӳ֡ղӳ侭СͨǼӳ֣ۣɱ֮䣬˿ɵ档
Ѫ¼̳ˡħ䡯һһ˾ħһ׽ħûǹꪸʽѧϹžħǿ񱩵ѧʩչ֮һƬȷѪꡣ
һһɱħ֮У־ϬֶβһͽǽΧİΧȦɱɢʮ֮󣬾ķħֹҲˡ
ҵĪħ˺ҵӰ죬һı𣬽赲δˣԡѪνҲѡ
֮ľɱħħʦ˷ʦ¡˷ʦЩ֮ǰһһս˵ĸ֣ǵһԻָΪһܶ鷳ͬҲصչ˶
ֻһȺħͬӥ׽С֮б׷ϵСһ㣬ȻüҪһԸһһƣοٴκΧλ壬̨ͬתͣĻӲǳһпܶвϣһȺħѹ·硣
һȺħȻȴҲûа취Ǵʱİ취ǵȡƲ⣬һ˲ûдﵽһΪʵΪֶηԪҲޣֻҪȴһĴʱ̣һٷǾǷ̵ʱ̡
ֻ뵽ģһ벻֮ʱǶһ˿ЦƺڳЦʲô


һһ â
һһֻ֮߷һȺħ֣ռ˾ԵϷ磬һսУûĶĶһʼҹ
˵ڳһĸ֣Ԫ˵Ǻ̺ʩչѰǧ궼ľͬһǿĵˣʩչֶΣȻƽԶ̶ʱ䣬ǵľѾʮӴˡ
Ϊ󶥼Ķ֣׼Ӵ鵤ҩظֶΣӴģǶЩ׾⡣òʼԪظ
ֻļԽԽԾķ֣룬Ӧÿӽ;ƿݵһǵûаĵļ󣬷ԽڽֶԽԽԲƺһһȺħֻĥʯ
ôôӴԪѵ·ɣоƷ鵤ɵ
ӷ𣬾·ҲܣʮǰʫʩɣȻƾ轣޵£ΧֻȥӲɱҿϱһʲôɣ
бǷó౦ľĸֳֻҪסӱ;ƿˣʱҪɱҪҶ˵㣡
飬ɫѾҰ׵ʦڵӷ𣬼ȻˣλΪҵֵһ£ʩչ౦ľһԣ
˻һ۷ħԿڳƺãԭֻǲ϶һģʼ͹Ҫһע⣬ΪʦӮȡᡣ
ʱƾǰʮħһǹһ˿Цݣƺûз״ɴ߶һ֣ǰʮѹƵòܶ
ʱһ𣬱һűӶ౦ľͳһһʱ䣬޽Ϸݣڶ౦϶ԳһӲӵļȻò˰
״ǱѹƵʮħ׼ʩչŻͨ赲֣ħʩչֶΣâ⣬ѪӰͳһɱȥ
ۼЩҪݵһϣٴιЦݣ˫Ŀֱ䣬ֱţһ˲䣬˾ʧԭأֻһ罣⣬գնй
ãҲ౦ľ֮ǰͨľ
ʦƺʲôĪҲһһ̫鲽ȫ߶λ̫֮Уһ˲ħֵǰ
ʱﻹʲôһЩħħϷòãһ״ֻһЦһն
һҽдħħֵֻһһľɱǵֵסȴҲ˲ƣһҽűɿȥ
ֶºѪԮãֻæǰֻһһȴˣ΢΢һЦһӹһա
ڳ˶֪һʲô̵ʱ򣬱ǹһ˿Цʱ֣ʱ
䣬˶ĪʱӰдܳħħһӣ޷ʱȻͽǶץ
Ӱħ֮оϳ߽е㣬ħǾȻѣ
ȥǶ˲ħͱ׽õĻħ˭ˡԴһ֣ħӰħ׽ã־Ȼһ֣ͬȻҲһո
㣨ħϣ
ʱؾǶȥһɹ˾׹
⻰ħͻħԳϲɫ׷׵ͷŵҪȥħסȻ߲ѣȴҲãֻȥ
һȥٿһȺħһЦһתվɱ˹ȥת
ħһȺħķ֮һ֣νȫʢһһòҧгݶֻ뵽ͶһͻħˣԼ׽ߵߴħĸв˱֮⡣
һڶǽǡչˡȫ棬ϧķѸԪ赲ס˵ѣٳһС
ʱƣڳħͷԽԽǻ飬ǷҪȫͻΧʱһͬ¡Ѫ·Ȼˣߣ߷ع鱾塣
ڷħûоɣΪǴһϿÿζǳԿѵһ˿Ц
׼һȻһЦһķȵâ棬Ԫ


һ߶ ׽ħɽѶ
һ䣬֮ͬĽľڣһɾɫâľâǴʼѸңԭֻһĶشСչ̫Ϲס
״һȺħֱʲôܿ죬һɫ䣬׷׹ֽ
ô£ôһղˣ
ֻ籾ԴĸӦûˣҲо
ãһʩչֶΣǹľâǣɷħҲǷֶΣ
ʲôֶΣûûбԴ֮Ԫһսôѽ

һȺħ־ѣܿ춼Ŀתһֻһں߷Ϣ˼֣һһһеζ
ӷʩһпΪ¡˷ʦص֮һȻŵӶ󲻶࣬ԼͽȴҪ֮ҲӦʱԴ֮ˮҲһʹöֶΣô϶ܽ
һҲ˵ͷĳΪѵʦɣ
¡˷ʦҡҡͷҲʩõΪԼ飬Ĳ๣ֶֻεķƺҷУ֪ʩɷָһ
¡˷ʦԣħƺʲôһһɫһ䣬ŭȵģһΪʲôԭħһļϸ֮ˣ뿪ҷ磬½磬Ҫȥá
˻һħҲ׷ֻһǵ֮ȴҲЩè壬˵֪ȻʲôѹԼȴһʲô壬ֻҪܹãԼþǡ
ЩһһͷǲмһɵħΣΣħͨΣһвֶΰˡЩˣΪһ˽˴֣һ档Ŵ֣һ壬ԽմûҾħͨǹҲΪһٵȼһɣ
˵䣬һתֶΣʼȫ߶ǡâ󡯡һħһǿĽֶΣҲҪɼΪ߶ҲθӦһ㡣
һȺħߣȻðȻǳ֮⣬Ҳȥһ⣬ȫ෴һɹɾڻһɹȪʼһë֮Уʱʱ̿ΪԪﵽʱԪ
һνǴ˳һȻֻһˣʵܹʮɣһȺħ֣ҩĴӦȴҲ޷ɣ˵Եһ֮սԼɱ֮ǰһնɱܽһС
ֻĿ겢һ򵥡ʵȺ޵еһӴԪӳ֣б˵նɱܹסԼѾҪȫˡ
ǻɵʱһȴѾûˣȻһЦ𣬴һɱħȺ֮С
һȻûзųѪ·һһ˶ʮħ֣ղŸϬ࣬һ׽罣ԪͨĽ֮Ѿһִ磬һζ
д򣬶һɵֶ룬һ⣬һгԿ֪֮󣬱ֿ뷨ֻܲ
һʱ䣬ֻһͬ־׷һȺɼϷһеһһսЩħ׽õ뷨
ϾشټͨҲһжȫһСǰѣһȺħһʼȫ׼ʱ䣬õĽ־ԼҪһЩˣ̫Ϲħȥˡ
һΣ±ʮλʮλɼ֣һпܸò־ܸ㶨һ˦ƹɾ͹ø̹ˡ
Ż׽뷨һһνһ·ƴֿʵл·ҲһߵͨԲ̶ʱһ׽һɣ롯ķ
˵һΣ˳˲٣ڶҲǷ֣ӡˣ𣬵λλ
һʱ䣬һ׽õһħ𣬵ʱ۷ħһĸǿ־壬еںǰ˴еûнֻһжˣһ׽ãǾӥСһ㣬޻֮
һ׼׽õ֣ʮ֮ʱ򣬺һȻըͷȻһ⻪£ûڽľĻϡȻûʲôӲȴǼƺר˵עһ㡣
һ紫ٽ٣ɽټдСǰᣬ̨ɽʹǧżȻ˴Ѷһ


һ Ťתìͷ
һüͷ΢壬Ȼһľȫ£Ƕ̫ʼ֮Ҳܱ˷֣û뵽ô죬˾Ȼɽĸ֡
һĳԾͬһȺƣڱķħƽɽǰ϶ʱЦƺСһ㡣
ʱǣһóʨӺͨķеɽĵѣħһļϸħϽȴʹħһĽ֮Уս
˻һԭɽ̨֮ɽƺҲһһȵħĵѣԵƬ̣˴ħͨ
˵䣬һ˸ʹķͷ¡ǷԶԶȥֻһ㣬䵽쾧ϾͻһΡɽ͵
ֻ쾧ô򵥣ں켶УľľΪʮҲײܹƣ˵ôһˡ
ȻƺҲʵҲ쾧ڴù⻪΢΢ûжһá
һȺķħɫ䣬ʹǾͨʨӺķҪڵʱȴͻȻסԭһſ϶ѾȻǰһץĺ
ϻ̫࣬ұ죡
һһһӡֱӽӡһ£ʧһĻһȺħ־ֵæˣûбһץס
һˣɽĸѾˣħϸȥҲ߲ˣ
ԣһɲҪСɽɽһǷħҪǿǵ궫ʤɵܹϴǿǿӣôɽĶ֣ȥǿԼ̡
ԣֻҪ㽫׽ȥ˶ųǿԸɽ㲢ʲôħϸƾһħͨǾǰٿĪ磬ʱ˭ҲȲ㡣
һյȰ˵һֻǲмͷȴ΢΢һܹԸħʵǿ󣬵֮⣬Ҫԭ෬ƣϳ֮дʺԼѹƶԷĻ
ǻطǽųܹһ֮һȺħִһƽ֣Ҫܣնɱ׽ãҪͻƲſܡħĿɽȻǿ󣬶ʱЩɵ
ɵɵɲô򵥾ͷŹһеĻᣬ˿ͷǲϺɽȻһЦɽȷʵֻҪҽǽˣɾڻˣʱõô
һҪԼ˵ڻӭУһȺħʱŭգֻȫһҲͽ͡
һ֪ʱһٲĺˣ־͸ϬٽºѪ·˳һطħƺָһϧԪҪһƴˡ׽õٶȲûмӿ죬ʱ׽һ
ˣһͻħڣ׽ʮħȻûȫѾõ˷ħһϵĸ֣ħٲ׽ãʹҲᱻ䵽һĵز
ﵽһһ֣ʱ쾧ϵĴȴͣס˽ŲΪԭֻһɽĴһӶļϢĸͬʱ쾧ڡ
ɽúÿ죬ѵˣ˶·ˣҼܲˣ˵õʱһɽΧҿûֶο赲ô򵥾ͷһȺħθģˣֻҪ㣬ã
һıȽͣЩħ֪ΪǾ˽һסͷϲѡ˻ᣬǳһķ׷ݹҪһǶ쾧ڣӳ졣
ֻǲûע⵽һֻǷȻżȴ赲ǡοע⵽һ㣬ӳĴûοϷŹ׷׻ӶֶξͳϿվںȥ
ʱǿһǹһ˿ЦݡϷһ󣬾Щ䵽쾧ڵ˲䣬Ǽ᲻ɴݵĶ쾧ھȻȻһӣǵĹʹ˷˳ȥ
ħһ㶣˳Ƴ˳ȥոðͷһʹħ򣬾ȻݺɽྭӪҲһ·һȺǣ
˵䣬֮ǰ쾧ڵ׷׼ķһȺոճ嵽ſڵķħ֡
ħɫ䣬ֻǶɽĸһС͵Ϯǽ͵Ļᣬһ׹ѹһȺѾƣķħϣʱʹ˺üˡ


һ ħ辶
ɽһħֶʱһоһƣȻֻǼ򵥵֮ƣԽǼ򵥵ļıԽԿƣΪܾԼԲ򵥵Ĺơ
ʱɽֵõֱ۵뷨ǷħںӺǣħȻҪͣȴпѱ硣
һХһӶ쾧֮зɳһ˭ˡĿɨȫɽһȻѾƮƮĸ֣Ȼ߲мĸܽʮбܽ仨ˮԳ
ɽֶΣƺѰ֮߶֮Զ˼䷨֮ϣѹܹѹƷħˣֻ֮˼Ѱ˷ѣѵ˵ɽϴɽԮɡˣǿǲöԸˣõǣɽɵһٵҪӦֻҪչ㹻һңĿǰҪľǷסһȺħĿڡ
һ˼תһ͸ŰȻ棬ҡҡָŷħ֣ȵа𣬶ħ̰ͼŻҵ޳˹񻹰ɽĵѣǿɳܿɶ񣬿һÿ
˵䣬һһתһԪ֮һȫ߶ǬһҲ˵ġǬһһ˿ص˽֮У·ȷһ֣Ǭһ˹˹
һɽɼֱ׼ԸһȺħϾħͨҲĿãʱڲаһȴһ˿壬Ǿηʱ֪һ洫浽ͨɼ֡
һ·ﶼܴȷҲڴˣѵѾ̤˴˵еĽ֮ͨͨ
֮ͨܰɣܹ̤֮ͨˣϹŻЩܹﵽ˱һֶһλɽһλ궼ûܴﵽ˾ˡ
ԣλȻɽѧգҲǴţΪˣǺ쳾һˣˡ֮ͨܲ򡣡
ҲǼλ⣬ǾͲˣǴᣬΪҲֻзңһԪ磬ƺ޳˽Ԫ֮Ѿͬɵ֮ˡֲƺ֮·ͨģֻ֮ͨṳ̂һˡֻħͨҲȷɣڳЩСħͷɼħֶΡָõΣ
֮ͨһ죬Ӿ򵥣ҪСĶԴħͨȻͨѧɣܹ֮ͨﵽˣʲôҲûʲôܵˡǻȿħɣ
ɽһҲ˲Ϣʱ䣬ǱɽۻȲһҲٹħ֡
һͷȻһȺħԿĵͬʱҲɽѡֻǴʱ⡮Ǭһ棬Ǳ˼ûУֻȫֵ
ֻеķħѵõȫȫ֣һзһ߳ħŸʱնɫͰ⻪ͬһ˫ᣬա
ǿԵһһ˫͵϶ΪһȻﵽһǰδеĺгƺس͸ö߻һ㡣
һĻɽҲΪԾƺû뵽ħȻ澰һͬɷħͬޣΪʱҲͰˣΪһߣͿһЩҲˣŽϵע֮Сһ˲䣬ƺյʲôһ˿ͻ
ʱ¡һ촫Ǭһħ˫Ȼײһһ˲䣬ռŤռѷ죬ڶ׷ۣƺﷶΧĹ⻪չȥĻ֣ʮ⻪Żָ
ʱǵֵǬһķħֶϢѣȴ˿ͣЪæɽĵѣǰᣬӣӾħһļϸǱ˫ϵһǧĴսһֲ߻ʩչħֶνҵסʹ˫Ԫˣħһ峤ֱ룬ɽĵǲţΪʤϣ
⻰ɽɼüͷһǶε̫˽⣬ڷħǧսȴʮ
Ϊ˵ɽΪ˱һֱȰ˵ͣսֻÿÿؼʱ̣ʧܣǱΪ˫Ըͣսͷˣ˭֪¶¾ȻǣħǧսʱЩԾ
׷תͷһͣ˵֮ǰֻһǷħ˵ʵǱҪɣһǲһʲôϹתϹ仯


һ 
һֽмĿһȺħһۣһħսȷʵĳν٣ǿɸҽΪ˵ΪҪǣɸ˵ô
һսһѾƥʵչţȻûдʲôƵȣҲһȺħŵЩ˵οȷʵһ㽫һʱ֪˵ʲô
ʱһħѽѽһСҪɽڴˣݲſڴƻơħĴбǰҷħں´˴˲㲻Ž̲ģ䱾ҵƭ˴ɱҷ֣õֿ֮ڲˣ޷Ϊѵܵ佱ɣȰٽô٣һ
֮ǰ˸ǰߵڰףһͽһɽǰȻ⼸ˣȴɽΪɵҲס
䲻֣ܶҲʾһûа취ħһЦһĪеѵΪ˵ʲôĳҪʲôôԩͷҿɲ
ħȻͷǵսľһһнɱȻļָ֣һһЦ벻Ҳûа취˵ҿ˵ƾڳħĸֶΪ֤֤һԷ顣
˵䣬˶ħħ˫ָͨһܵйǵĲһеûƸħͬŽʣλֻĬĬĵ˵ͷʾͬħԡ
һʱ䣬ƺ֤ݶһɽھ÷ħͬĵ£Ҳһһеףʵкء
ʱһЦһЦһ֤֤֤ȷ䣬һвһƨԣƨ磬Ҫ֤ҸǡѪ򿣬ǳɣ㣬ħǶҳɣ
˵䣬һӰӶ֮зһոķħ˭ˡ׽õһȺħУһ˶ֻ֣һǲûлص󣬶ͬһݣߺϡ
һȺħɫʮѿΪǰòһˣһ̾ͳһ£ΪЩһڣҪһ˵վסš
ǵ˵˵ҿ͵˴б˵˵ҿԵ޹ʶԸǣ˵һ˵λħĺ£Լľ˵а
⻰˽Գǣһ˵ĲǱˣǵ޲Tħǵħ³ǳħħһһֵˣ޲TħɥʧͣȻֱϵĳ֣˵õ޲TСֻǿϧҵѬģûнϴħ֮⣬ЩħͼȻϴС˭֪ǷǵûɹԪˣЩħͷƵóѣͺ¿ǩЭԼʹ޲Tħݡ
СѪ򿣬ħϴפһȴõȻҪɳɽټΧɱʱһˡ
СɮԸ׽ʧܺ󣬱㱻ڳͷǰȥطħʹõ޲Tħǡ

Ƭ̣Щħһ׮׮һħ̰ͼһϴУǲ׷ɱһ˵
ЩĶֻǵһһҪʵûʵҪûСӣǸ㲻ʲô飬ħһ仰ĨˡһѾɳ񾳽磬ٲĴڣЩͳ˶¼
һȺħЩָɫԽԽѿ͵׽õķħּ˵һ̫Ϲʱ̲סˡ
ɱħһģЩ˶׽ãƣ˵ʲôԣ޷֤ΪοΣɽƵĶ֤ȷ䣬㶼ѲɽƲã
һԲŭһЦãܺã˵ҵ޷֤Ҳǿ˵ƾʲôɽƣĳҹ̫ͬϹչǧ꣬Ϊ˵ȴشٹͬɽ٣㷽Ϊ˵õôֻ֪ɱӡοҵǲ֪¾ȻҲǹĶɽ֮
ɱħʵҭܿ˼ڣ¡˷ʦŵӷգʩȻֶβ˾壬ֻһ»ͣǾĶ֮оȻзɷħǷֶΣƶɮ֪ǴٵԴͷħһıͨ


һ ħͨչʾ
˵ǰĶֻ¡˷ʦٴ׳ħͨ飬ǾǷħɱﵡʱ˵ע⡣ɽλɼҲΪɵĿһ
һ˿壬ǹһЦһΪųѷףͬһ㣬û뵽Ҳһ鷲ףҲգʧȥ˱еķħͷҲˣ
⻰ż޷Ĵͨгɡ˶ķ
ʱһϽͣȻЦδžʹ˥䣬ҵǻὫдڸ鸽ҵˡ
⻰һȺɫѿ֮෴Щ׽ù鸽ķŵӱЩ͵սԼԱڷУһжϲ֮ɫ׷׹ֳл
һԣһЦתͷ¡˷ʦ˵Ҳ鸽ңһͬԴϷУΣ
㣬̫˷ʦ̲סһȻҪ֡
ʦܣҪĹƣ¡˷ʦæ赲סתͷһʩǷշУ޹أ벻ҪҶ뽫ͨħͨһ
һмһһܣǿʲôû˷Ӧһָһͷ
һȻըһɫâǣ⻪һ˲䣬˶оԪҶĸӦ˲ٶۡȻȲ̫ϹǾâðԵҲʮõֶΡ
ɱħеģʲôɱڲɣ
˭֪һ䣬âǹ⻪ʧڴΪһŵʱǹһ˿Цʱ䣬رɫзֿһߴףһڣȻռ仯ڰ磬ÿ綼ɱ⣬˿и
ǰâһ㣬ͨҲܿʧһУһеĿǻŲѵķħ֣ԼǾɲɽ֣˵ħͨɾЩ
¡˷ʦ˸û뵽һϲ䣬￪Ȼ֪ʲô⣬ȴҲͷЩħͨɽλѣǿۿˣͨħͨݹ죬СĶԴ
ˣɽ֪ٲϹۣ˵ͷǰ̨ǧﵱ棬һ˹ֵϵ̨ɽǧʵˣҵֻٵǰħһħ֪ͨкνͣ
ͣһҡҡͷʲôͶûõġ
ǧﱾΪһôҪ˵䣬˭֪ͷЩŭ뵽֮ǰչֳԼʵµҪ
ʱһڵˣ޷͵ģǲҪͣȻǸ·ҪһͣɽԪѣӦΪҽͽ͡
ԪǧüͷһֻԪʦɽǰ˴ҪʱȻ˵ԪʦܿԽͣҲǰһˡ
˵䣬ǧҪʩ֪ͨԭɽԪһȴҡҡͷ鷳
ǧһ㶣͵ʱһΧķħдһɽĵѲҪ˴ӵĻ֮ƣһʱȴħһǰԮӽƻ˵ĺˣ˷ܰġ
˻һǧ˿һɫ΢΢һ䣬˵ʲôȴһѾ֮䣬һӲӵĿռѷ֣һ̣һҽдһڵӰӷħб˳
һ˴ˣһЦû뵽󱲣Ȼܹ޳ħħʽ΢ҲûеûϹĹҲֻ˰ˣ
ħ֮еļƶħĻʮգƽں治ðգһ˵ڮһֻû뵽һȻҵɽֵ汬ˣһͱ÷ٱһһ涪
һ価棬׼ǲͷɱһħպЩ鷳ƶħȻ裬ȴҲ֪ԼǶ֣ĵ˵˺ȥˡ
ɱһħĻᣬһȻϧȴϣһȺбܽһЦתͷǧ˵Եѣ㲻ص˼иѸٵֶοԽԪյ蹦ˡ
յ蹦򣡡ǧЩԾҲЩȤ˵ͷȻñǡ
һԵͷ߿ʮɣǿ˿λһ㣬һɳֻǰͬըֻһͨͨһ߿ԿһƣɽһȻ磬ɽ
ͨһǣħ֮Ŀռͨ


һ Ԫ֤
һЩ˿⣬ָָֻʱռ˷ħͨǴռ䣬ԽԵţԷԪǰյ蹦򼴿ɴﵽ
ǧﱾֶ𺳣ɽҲԿռоǳʹãμȴһ֪⡣˿̼һ迪ʱϲѣֻһȻǡħͨûһ鶯
ԭˣû뵽ħһ徹ȻƿѹܳΪĴ١ȻѲлɣչʾұ㽫¾ʵ֪Ԫʦǲɣ
˵䣬ǧƾһһһ㻯һռȥ
ȴƬ̣ûжǧ׼Ԫʱһӿռ䵽̬죬ⰻȻɡڵǰ߾Ԫˡ
ʦ֣˵˾ͨħ֪ͨ˭ˣ˵ĲԪˣһˡ
ǧԣϹЦݵû뵽ԪʦҲˣʦܲڱչسмôôôͳˣ
Ԫ¶һ˿ʦ˵ʮǰ˰ɣСͻм׼һɸ߽ףֻ˵оͨͨ˴ڣҪʶʶˡ
ǧһ㶣ͷ΢΢ЦҪ֪м֪˶ʱ;ǰǧ겻ͳɾɣһǧɾм̽ڡ
ǧɾм٣Ī˵̽ڣٶȱɽ֮ҲǾ޽УԴӲкΪСɡζضҵλɽһǿҲܳӡ
ͷСɡһȽϡһ确СɡԪˣ뵽֮ǰǽͨһԼһԲϹֵϢҲЩò׼ˡ
Ҳ֪ʱǱȽϵʱ˳Ԫ˵Ļͷһ˹ȥܵԪʦܣһλѾͨħͨˣѾչʾüͨռҲͨȻѱֳΪߣνͨʦʲ簡
˳ǧָɽעеһϡԪ˻Ȥ˼´һʱһרԪƺ뵽ʲôָһ
㣬㲻ǵϣΪնƻħһıƣºպչ͵һôôͨ
һԪϳԼ΢΢һЦһ׵ԪѹȻǵĳȷʵΪƻħ˲顣ֶ겻չʾһȺӱƵȲѣԲòʹóԷҪõ֤һ
Ԫһ㶣Ȼ˶˵һӹΰֻΪ󱲣һء
һһħҲֻ֪ΪԼʶҪԼ֤˭֪ȻһʱЩɲתһ𵱳Щֶһۺܺãʱš
ѵ˵ṩƽֶε㣬ŤתսҲ㣬һõͨйأ
Ǳܳħֶ֮Σƽħõͨģ鶼ҵֶΣ֪Щֶδûûã
⻰ԪɫһϲͷãȻãûЩֶ֮ǰɽ̽ħһʮа˾ŶҪϴ񣬳Ϊū͡Դӵõ紫ֶ֮󣬼ȫˣ˵ЩֶξӹΰΪɽϽ磬ü˳ɽأ
һҲĵ˵ͷЩֶβѣܹԸħһ壬ҲֶΣϾЩֶܹһشй㷺ȥȻ˵һܹŤתս֣ȻвС档
ЩΪͬʱҲоɽõЩֶΣɢ֮Լεľ˿˿ƽµϢ˽ϣкж˳ࡣܹչ򣬿¹µϢ㹻һ˳˳
ȻʱЩʱ򣬶΢΢һЦȻˣȷʵڽԪǰЩħ֮ſڴƻƣħͨħһļϸԻΪ֤ͽ͡
Ԫ˵һֶ֮󣬱Ķ뷨뵽ǽħһֶͨһܡʦĳġ֮ͣͶûгһȺħһ
ħͶ绢񣬱ߣû뵽ȻǱΪҿЩ˲ǶԵĽʰˣС˲ҲѷģԪһΪ֤


һ߰ ɽƺ
ԪΪɽУɽ˼֣λ磬򵥼仰ͽħߣɼһߣΪ£һĸ֣˿ħӣ˵֮תͷǧ˽
飬ɽʹ飬һԭһսۣһ˾޴ãǧ϶¶һ˿ϲɫæǰһǸû뵽СС;ȻȻΪұħͨҲԲħϸ֮ǰ񣬻ԭһ
һɽûкö֮УһɽӴǵֿٵҪҲֲЦˣԷӣȻɫ΢΢һЦλѲǱִˣΪİСЩҲӦãʲô񡣡
һûҧŲţ̨£ǧͷһˣ˫ύնʱ֮ǰĽǢһǰȥƷɽҲǰȥ
һг󣬷ħǱ߿νҲңֻ˫һ߲㶼һո¼иֶ̫ϹУǾȥҲС
¡˷ʦӲͷƤԵѣ֪֪ξ飿
ǧһ㶣һȺħɫѾܲÿˣ£˵ħŵô
⻰ͷһȺħͷãħɫԵѴԲӣҵȲΪýҷħսˣο
οʲôǧɫһħ˵꣬ͽϵħԹѾãûѣѵͲôο˭ǵӺѣһҰˣҿǻ˰ɣ
ˣħû뵽õֻ֣ɫһԵģôܾôˣѵǲħǵֿ٣Ͷħһô
ǧʱһãһԽʶһλ֣Եõħͨڽɽиħһ
ħΪħħǸҽŵĻ˵һ飬ǧұ֤û֮أ
ǧڸ֣ħɺڵĸ˿ûеӵ˼Ƴһȣħƺָ뵽ŵ龰⻰Ȼû˵һ䡣
ʱһ߳ȻһЦԵѣԸС˺αضѴֻ࣬ҪɽҾͽ£ո͵ȵūͣպشһһ󣬵ڻΣ
˻һħƺԼЩбܽһĶ֣˵ɽ֣һһ˾ܽ£Щ۳µɼֹԹԳΪūһĴڡ
ħָһȻŭȴ֪ߵĲ࣬һ㡯ְûġ
ɽǧһ⻰Ҳ΢΢仯ȻħвǱһҲɽ档һ̲ټɲʵǾ͹̲ɽкܴвˡ
Խ򵥵ʶ֮ǧһǺһЦȷʵħֱһҲЩͣħһڼǶǴѹ̫أ¶ԵֿٲԾҿǷһȻ⣬ӣѴǧ꣬Ѿɣȱ٣øԱֵһֹɵʧر׽ѾȶŸкô
һԣͷɽĿȻأ֪ΪϴǣȻƽﲢҲƺķʽĴСչͬʱģӶȹԼλá
УħһƺֶεȺߣɽһĴڣȻҲ̫ϹҲƺ֮С
ȻһЩ뷨ʱʵԵֿɽϴٽҲûʱ䣬ĬϽ
ϹߴΣɽҲˣ㶦ɽ󣬻ҵ̩ɽҲգҲ򣬾ǳưԱǡҪҵۣɽһҲɽ㣡
һͷԶ䷢ģȴûаߣֻԲ⣬ͷӦɽϣһ˱ٴγ̫Ϲȥ
Ϊ˱ʾ⣬һҲ쾧ڳȥ룬Գ̫ϹǰսֻʱǷ׷ĴսѾƽ˴ɨս̫Ϲ֮⣬޷źħŵˡ


һ߾ 
ʱŮߴӣԼɽٸǰӭӣ֪ɽˣ˹ļڸ˺ķħ߲㣬Ƕмһˡ
һ̫ϹӺ͸ֵĴӵ֮£һµУһǧȡλɽһҷħ󷽡
ߣ¶ϯΪ㿪ʼս״ˣħһʮˣȥ˱նɱ⣬˵Ⱦ׽ãӡڹУ븸״˴á
⻰һĵ˵ͷƺʮȻֶУͷ𾪲ѣʮǷħľӢӣ̫ϹѳζǲһӣҲܸǾӢ
˾޴Ĳ죬һһҲһֻ˵ʲôֶͨΣƽ˫֮Ĳ̫࣬Ϲռ˾ƣܳ
ֶΣħԼǧ˶ʱ֮ǰһõġâ桯ͨһʱ䣬ħѣԼ˫ǵһĶָе־壬ɽһڳԾͬʱħͨڴѡ
һ˱۵ףŴսǳĿġ̫ϹȻѾ¶躹ޣĵչ˲С̫Ϲ˼
ȻһԼһ˼˿ƣֻ΢΢һЦɽйµǧ΢΢һЦȻԵ˵ŹһǾͽЩ²˰ɣ
⻰ħóԾѣǧҲЩɲʱڵ״ˣЩħǺòץһҷʣǾߣ̫ϧ
һһ㶣ȻԭˣԵ֮ǰ˵ҿҪƷĳͲħΪЧǧ꣬޲ʧ֪Σ
֣Чǧ꣡
Ҫ󣬷ħʮλַ׷׾ŭ𣬱˺еʩҷŵӲռ㾹ȻΪֱ棬ˡҴӡ
ħҲİħŵôΪǧ붼롣
һŵЩз׷ײû˿ˣֻתͷǧ˵֪ԵԼλɽΣ
ǧﱾû뵽һȻҪֱ̲Ҳˣ֮ǰ˵ĻڶߣҪҲǲܡ
׼Ϊħ˵顯ʱһħԵޱȣҲ˵ǽմսͷǻȥ˵Щ˴ޱȻɵģǲϽֻҪһˣҲðġ
һ˵ţ赭дһ鶫Ķƺɱֶ˵Ҳ򵥡
ħֶʱҭס˵˽ǧȻǾǻţһ컹ǱһɱˣǾûˡǾ㱻˵вʡ
ɽˣһǱֻǺϵΪħͨԭ򣬻ƫһ֪ô˵
һһֱں˵¡˷ʦڵӷ𣬼ȻʩҪ⳥ҷӦŵǡνҲµ˭µҷŵӾһ֮󣬶ȻܽٺΪҷŷ󡣡
Ӧʣħһһʧأλħ˵ʧ룬û˵ȨٲҲֻҧӦɽһ˫Э飬Ҳ˵ʲôֻһһˡ
һʨӴ󿪿ڣһ͸ǲ̸Ц֮㽫ҪòСȨõԴصȵȣν÷ħڷħͷŸ߲Ҫһͬɶ˻޹
ӦħٴԪˣ̫ϹɾͳԵʣĶ룬ʮٱĲĲ˵ʮСƿȨ㹻̫Ϲ೤ܹ֧Ŷʮ˶ɽٳġ
ȻΪ˵õĺôһҲûи򵥽Լõħһ֮ͨ󣬱ѡһִڣҼѡ˹ؼͨ⡣ȻЩͨûдﵽâ桯ͨĵزռ֮ͨȴҲûб
ɽֵõЩͨϢʱϲҪ̫Ϲˣ̫Ϲ̫Ϲǰ̨Ϊ֪
ڽ˺飬һûоܾȻƣѣϾð£̫Ϲǰ̨ǱȻ顣
һϯһ˥ķħɽߣϷȸһ̾ҡҡͷ̫Ϲ߲ٴο飬λȡһδսĺô


һ߰ Ҫծ
֮ǰһսħʧأ˸߲ʧ֮⣬ֲ㼶Ҳծĵծ˻صħ
ħŰ˲ٳУʵϢһʱƽڲĶͷ
Ȼħ򣬽ħŴͳͣڽսȶʧصħپһɨѾǧٿףħֵʮɼֱ֣ӵΪͨһ
һվ뵱һħԼǰҪֻһ²ħħۼڣһֻħ½λħһãԭΪǧսڼ䣬λħӵĴȻתֱ£ÿտյ
һĻɱƣƶħУֻ÷ŭ֮ɥ֮ͽħԣ򲢲Ե̫𣬱Ͼ˶ʱ󣬵ǵλߣˣǵλˣľ׽
ƶһ㽫ǻʲô˼ɱħƻûȬͷĲûֺϣ˵лҩζ
ƶħϰںڰ֮УһҲòԳĿһ϶ֻһ˫۾ƺ˼ʲôıơ
ɱħħһټҵ˼ȻǲԶһ֮󽻸Щ顣
Ŷѵƶħʲô뷨ˣǱһƴأħںϼһҲ̫⣬д̵
ƶħһ˿ɹЦݵħԼǣСʵйֶλħǶ֡Ҳʶ˵ҪʲôǾͲܸ¡
£ɱħһЦЦҲ֪ʵǣ޷ֵټɽ棬ǸԼô
ƶħҡҡͷȻʵҲǸǿЩ鲻ʵǿܰ쵽˵ɽ㵹ǲ¡ɽƺΪĿ꣬һһҶҲΥƺ⣬ɽӦû֤ˣǳʲô⣬Ӧûһֻ۱һֻ۰ɣ
ħƺҲͨʲôƶħһλħƶħȻ㶼˵ϣмƲߣ˵ܸСһÿȻٺòǲУҵȾҲӰӡ
ƶħٺЦ˵ͷ˵ѣȴҲףֻҪ㣬㡭ȻСӳԲ˶ߡ
һıƣɱڵħɫͬƺԥƺ
ˣˣЩѾǵˣʱԼòҲֲǣ
㵽ʱŭҲħĵ̣ܹӳ㲻ʤҲһͿؾǡ
ãƶħͬˣôɣ
ħ׷ͬ⣬ƶħɫһϲ¸һЦͷȻˣǾͺСһÿɣ
˵գƶħʼħƻϸڷ˵֮ħ׷ȥ
һ֮޲Tħڣһ⻪һȺȺӰֳΪһһǵ޲TħǵӣԼ̫Ϲӡ
峤޲TħٴλصϣҲ֮ᷢǰ飬ϣΪҺúôպͣ
峤ԣ׷׹ݣߺּ⡱Ӹͬߺ
һ˵ͷ䣬ҵȥ˿ããգǹһ˿Цݣһʧԭء
ħ´ڣλħʲôʱһ⻪ԳһӰǴһ
㣬ôҵģɱħһѾȻħҲصڣɫʮѿ
ôѵҲҪ㱨ɣһԣȻһЦħһ⣬ҡҡͷ㣬ɣ
һ䣬һӰһ󣬲ħ˭ˡħһ֣ͳһһߺˡֻӶ
һĻǻȻһѾ׽һϵħлħ˵ħûʲôܿһġ뵽֮ǰƣʱоЩ
ˣЩ׼Ҳܰ;ϣħ𿪿ڵһʵǿҵȳϣħҲ߾ߵĵط˽أѵһضô
أһȻһЦҡҡͷ֪Ҹ֪ʱ䵽ˣҸҪծˣǱܶȻҪծ֪ԼʮС׼ˣ


һ߰һ ħ򣬸ذ
ħһİڣһħħնżλħһ߱Ȼһ߽ǱڸԶǱΪħϹű«񱱷λãԵļ
ѣʮС֮ǰӦ֧ģ۴СԴ֮㣬˿ܼ˵ħѵõĵ̣Ǳ׽ôħҲղôħ
ƶħÿζں£һΪƶߣò˵ֻһ߽˵һСĿһ¶ԷԼɱ
ƶħĽ˵һûзħ𿪿ڵϣЩСԭڴ˴ʩչŲ֮֮ŵ˴˴ħʮΣյڣûǧħͻɱ֣ÿζħֿǽЩС緽ڴ˴֮ն񣬲
˵䣬ħۿЩ֮ǰͬһۣȫȻĮӣƺһ㡣һ۱ɱħ˿ͷ޵ͬʱҲЩǵĿһ
ƶħڽ͵㣬⻰˵ľЩˡЭ뽻ʮС磬ֻҪ˹ģʹСûжλκҪ󡣸οǽЩСŲƳҲǳڸħĹԼΪǿǣƿصСħİΧ֮£Ҳᰲİɣ
ħȻЦΪǿǣ⵹ǲˣдͨԿԹͨС磬һ壬ɣ˵ħڲǱǲҲתҵĵӦǲŶԡһΪ˵ı֮⣬ǳΪħĵưˣƶϹѵΪ˼֪ô
ħһ뵱ƶħħ˵һ޶⻰ɱƵȼλħɫʮֵĹ죬һɱƺҪ֡
ʱƶħ¸һЦ㰡㣬ȻħƵһˣΣ㲻һȵģȨС
˵գƶħһѣصԼ㲻ᷴڰɣ֪ʮСǷܣǲܣħҲûʲô˵ˡ
һһֱֻǿۻħüƶħڣתͷ˿ͶһȺħǹһ˿Ц
ãʮҪˣ
õһ仰ƶħϲɫò֣һ㶣æʵʲôʲô˵޷
һ˵ͷһҪһƬеĶӴ˹鱾УħǸ̤벽ҪΪūҪֻ·һ
⻰ƶħһ㶣һķȥһƬߵǿգʯ֮⣬żһСҲƶṩУʲôûСҸҪǣһƬħӵһƬ
ڼƶħУǾһƬ޼ֵ򣬻ȡһϣ赲ħ֣ȻʮС磬Ȼʧ٣δûкô
֮󣬼ƶħˬһЦãȻҪҵҲʹóһƬɣ
˵䣬λħѸԼƺһһ㡣Լ£һʮħԼܱǧǿյƿȨƶħ⹧ϲƮȻȥֻǲû뿪Ǿۼһǵ棬Ŀӡ
һйȻ˳һ̫Դ󣬾ȻΪԼֵܹħʴҪ֪ħȫ֮²ǿֵ㣬˵ǵֵҿǽʮСϼѡ
ʮСȻһʾ޴ƸһʵǿҲת˵ħˮһĹʱµһϿ壬ʱǾбĻˡ
ħ˽һеʹߣƶħԳһ˿ζЦݵҲõȽˣʮС籾ͲǸ׼ģһҾһҼƶħĶ
⻰ħоԣħæʵƶħѵʲôƲ߲ɣ
ƶħȻЦ̧ȡһöɫѪɫһƣħ׷׾
ħѪôһⶫħħֵ֤ڣһħֿûгɼħ
㷢ɼħħѪֶҲüʱ٣ħٴη˰ԣѵ˵׼ħѪΪһħֲɣ
ƶħԣ¸һЦȴ𻰣žһħѪһƬһĵϢͷųƾɢȥ


һ߰˶ зɾ
ȴ˵һߣһƾոһƬǿգǿ˿ңңɼħǹһ˿Ц⡣
һħ״Щ֣СǰԵϣǼƶħǣʮСᵽΪϻҪӦҪһƬѡνǡνǡ
һջĿ⣬ħ˵ǣô
ħԣͷ΢΢һ֪Լ뷨ѲһļأС̹ȻͷС˲˵ϲǣֻһֻռ˲Կ飬ȴʵǳԿˡ
˻ڣħΪһҪŭһ䣬˭֪һǵûŭһЦ˵ĺܶԣֻռ˲ԿһҲ
ħһ㶣ЩɻһҲռ˱ˣ²Ͻ̻塣
һ˵ͷָָبǰһʮС磬΢΢һЦҲ˵㵹˵˵Ϊ˹ʮС磬ҪͶ
ħüͷһͷһȻ̧ͷϣʮСѾ˽֮ˣҪתΪߵͣҪʮ֣Ǹ֣ҲҪˡ
ˣһĵ˵ͷҲ˵Ϊ˹˴ҾҪħϣϷǱߵС磬ӦҲҪӦ֣Ҳ˵ҵõּҪĴ
ħȻʲôԭˣϽַȻܹЩطҲսħҲ¼ֻʮС缫Ϊѵãѵ׼֮ô
һҡҡͷȻᣬЩСȷʵܲȻȲ޲TħħԶԴ棬ɶáǲķȷʵϧҲ˲ھûˣҪֵʱȻеġ
еģѵϵ˼ħ򣬵ħΪǿ֮ɽ٣ǶԷҴҲͰˣǿᣬܷ±ҲҲԳܰɣħ΢ĵ
һ⣬ٲشֻ΢΢һЦָָԵǵһԭ򣬾Ǹ
ǣħ𻹳һ֮Уһ׳һ֪νĴ𸴣ʱһ㶡
һ˵ͷչʾʲôһǺڰѪȵħǧѹһ㡣
ħɫ䣬ħħ
ħĳԾһȴȻһԵñ飬ں΢΢һЦˣ
ħ׼һħĿֲʱ̧һĶͷȣʱʱ
˵䣬һǧĵİ׹𣬱·ƾ̤һǰȻҺ£
һָָħħ½ɷ񣿡
·ԣҲתͷ˿һƬԹЮħ˳ҡҡͷһ֮У
ãһ˵ͷһһףһƬ£վһǰվ˼кСɳ֣ǵͽܺʹˡ
ЩȻ׽õ˷²ƿƣɾȻȵò٣ɫ˵ƺҲвСһгŵͨᱦķС
űΪǱжΪֻ·ôУǾͬඥһ㣬׷׶򣬹˵׷״ĵͬһΪڵݣʹߣߡ
Ϊһɣͺǳķ֮һͬת˼Ҳ죬һ£һϵУΪ
ɣһһݵݼߣ֪к·Ը
һ䲻мʲôߣܹöԷʵΪ£ҲںһͷͷϣܹЭҵķ£ֵסħħұסһƬ򡣡
ħħɣȻ֣Ҳ֪ħ⻰ͷ𾪲ѣ̧ͷһĮһеİ·ĵ־飬оһڣȻܹħæͷǡ
õ϶𰸣һҲ˵ʹһ񡣵Ҳһĵ˵ͷٲ˵һ⣬ץǸͽͳǺɫ˳˹ȥ
ۼݣϿһ쳹صķŴӰ·зųͬʱǻƵзٴ
֮ǰͬǣһݷݷͽ֮ʮףģ׷׻ɫ֮
зڵõ˴һ˲ﵽԲ磬ҫأ˷ƶϴεʮֹ


һ߰ ħ
һİ·ɽبħ֮䣬ĿƺһУ촽΢һ޵Ĵ·Ȼ˵ķһ㡣
ʱħ֮Ϊ˵ħѪƻĴȻһһôܾʹȥͳ£վɴԶԶŰ¾Ϳʼųǿħ
һĻһδֻͬȥһ㣬ӶзһۣǵضĹɢ
֮еĸ߲״Щŭˣʼֶɽٸ֣ɢħֻǶЩ·һ۶ڶһҲϳ㣬򵥵ħֵסֺܽ
δӵħҲ̲ס֣Хһһ׹ƾɱȻϢԲɳڣħԪľսʶȴҪħɳ࣬ɼħħʥء
ɼĸ֣üͷһ֪ô˷ǶԸˡɲŲæֻƵأĬĬžĺ
УϱͳѰɵϢȻٴǽԲɴɾ͵зԽԽСָԭƣֻǴнʣԵڲͬ
ħΪĸֲһ˲Σյĸо̽һ񣬾ȻһɱֶΣٶȻӿ죬ǼƾȻҪһ
¼״ɲŲʣзԽԽ죬󣬻һ¡¡죬γһ·濪ʼһɫģһǧȴֻʮ֣ǴʮСͨͨġ
ԭһδѹţ׽ڶŵ֮һһʮСͨõᱦݳԼСͨͶ·֮С
Ȼ·Ĺûж;ԣ·޳ʮСͨͨҲ޳ţ˵Ǵﵽ˼ȻʱֳԶ׵ľ
ǧģʮͨһƬһڰ·ͷʱħһһôϡ
һ˲䣬λħ͸оຣһ㣬˿ոоԾҪʱȴԼصȻ˽ɫԺ͸ȾԣƺҪȾϷŽһ㡣
˲ͺ¿Ϊܷųǿķͨ
ˣаţҴħ󣬺ɱţʬ޴棡
ħæһʱӴħʩչһȻ󣬾Ȼһͷ߰ɣֱָеĶ˳ͳ·ɱ֮ǿȻħ
·Ƿ黨ģӴ־һһžȻȻһ㣬ѹͣѹձħɵħŴ׷ɢһħͷҽŵ
ʲô
ôܣ
ħһĻǿֲ֮ɫ˲ħսħͷһ񣬱һҺһŭ𣬾ȻħԶֱۣ˷ŷʴ
ֻѾ·һֵ֮ǧ޵ŵûеֿ˼ͷŽϢȥħɱˡ
ʱһǵصľͷȥ·ס׼ƾʱһ׹֣·Ѿǰ
Ķ㵽ʲôˣ֪ħĴͳ죬˵ǣַҲҶôȰ㻹ǹԹԷǣһԲ˶š
һħŰ·ͷӱȳ˷ŭЪ˹ָŰ·вֻǰ·ԴӱһڷֻǵĮһСǵûյвһץԡз߶ǻӡԾƥʱħ˵
ˣ㵽ʲôͳ죬һ㱨ģ
һ곤ħħ׾ͱ׽ãɫͬʱҲæʩչֶΣҪ롣רŶٶħ֮߶ǵһ̫鲽Ҳˡ
ϧǣĶֲǱˣһֻһǻۺ˿ѷ·ֽħзѹ֮ңң곤ħһĳͼӾһ߷곤ħǰɣ˭ˡ
ħӡ
ն
ӡ
ܹɾͰ޺ҵλȻиֶΣÿ˶һֻͨ걻һзƣűߵıѹƶ׽
һֱھͻȻ֮ǿͨɵĽֱӽ곤ħڸȥ


һ߰ Ѫ
·׾پͽһιģСħħѹѹӡķӡ´һıз֮УȴȻµķӷͽ
һУ·λͽݣз֮һǰ
𣬴ˣɻ飿
飬˴֪ɷ񣿡
⻰·Σŵ˵ͷѵö˵˼ԣۡзͨҶҪʱ򣬴˴ħͷأҲÿΪṩ޾ԴȪֻ˴գҪ׼·ɽռ֮ҡ
һԣ΢΢һЦͷһ䡰ңԵˡ˵䣬üĽһ·ջأƬ֮һ⣬·ٴγ֣ȻѾռֶͨζˡ
ã¼ɣҾȥˣǱ߿׼ˡһ΢΢һЦħҪȥͣסĿ⿴һȺħصʯ¶һ޵Ц
һʱ䣬Щħʯ涼оһĿ⣬һľѣɫ䡣ԹƶħǷʱһջĿ⣬һ䡰£һжиˡʧƮȻȥ
һĻЩħûһһƶħı鶼ѿɱħͷҲ˵׷תͷȥֻʣ¼ƶħһˡ
ʮǷһſС翪ʼȼĹ⻪Сˣ޵ʶ·ұ֤ԼԳͲѹ󲻵òݺݵŭһۣȻȥ
ȴ˵һߣ޲Tħڣһħһ֡˿ͷͨĿռһҪħԥȥ
һȻɫûжٱ仯һһܣûܹڷŷʦӭ
ħһĽŲͬƺ˿û˫жԵ˼һ·϶һӭƺһǹһ㡣ִһҲܾ֮󣬺ܿͽ⡣
һҪŵʮС磬һȺɮ裬ֱӾʹһǰȥħһ㣬Ϊ˷ֹһԸм俪ʮСҲŲ֮͵ƫԶڡ
ȴû͵ֵļз֮䣬͵Ϸȸʮɽļз֮䡣
ԭħͬȻǴַѳֻ֮ǿ𣬲ûгйϵ
⿿ħʮɽߣһħһȻԡħܹħӶֻáħȴԡͿԿŶĿԶԶСħš
һȺɮ෬ѡѡطĿȻҪһǵֵʮɽֵ˼
ħһˣһҲͲ³˷ŵ⡣һûҪЮôǵͷʹӦҵͷųѪ·ǲħΪ
Ѫ·ǡħ䡯ȻֶΣȻеİ·վһܹ֡Χٻħǰս̫ϹһսսһǹУɼս֮
̳˲ͨϹʱ໥ƣֶζҲпЧ˴Ȱ·ѷֺ
ƶħ޽ݺͬһȺɮһԽʮС粢ûƵĹƣֻʱ̼ӣֳʲô⡣
ǲʾһȴûСױץʮɽйأһ̹ȻҲⷽԭԸոսӹʮСƿȨѪ·֮´ĵһҲΨһһþħɨ򣬲ҹʮɽ
һ´֮ƮȻȥͬʱһսʹ˿ʼ̶ʱ䣬ʮСΪģԲǧһɨգѪ·ʼʮɽ̶ʱ䣬ⷽһЩɨɾ
һȻܿķӦվɴͷʼΧѪ·Ѫ·ӵһǻۣ֪ǿѹͷߣʹյ֮ƣսˡЩɱӣоԣֻһ·׷ɱһֱķΧ
صԼսѪ·ܹС籾ԴһʩչħѪ󷨡ħȻ֮£ЩɱĴܿ䡣
һսͷɣͷɱͷ׽ãɱһ룬׽һ롣Ѫ·ȫʤ̬طһʱЩڲķŸ𾪵ƿԣٲҴ⣬æջش˿ҿ̽֡


һ߰ ֮ǰ
ʱһѾص̫ϹһΣһõʮС˺ͱԴҲое㱥ͣٴǰħĴ㣬æص̫Ϲ֮
޲Tħǵ˺ͱԴֻ֮ʱ䣬һȴ㻨˶ʮ꣬Žµõ˺ͱԴ֮ȫ˳ɼһ֮Ӵ
Ȼ˵֮УܹΪĶѾ࣬˺ͱԴ֮ȴϣԵõһôΪٴδֱתĶ壬ʱת
𵤴ν𵤾תÿһת֮ǰĲͱ仯ʮ־޴һѾйǰתеһתǻԪڶתǲ򣬵ת۷򣬵תƿط
Ҳˣһڽ𵤵һתʱ򣬱ͬԪͳͬٱڽ𵤵ڶתʱܹԪӤɰٱĸ򣻵תԼڵķϵӴ󵽺󼰵ĵز˽תʱ򣬱æŷֻԪʼ˶Էƿء
ֶڷƿأܹ̤뽣֮ѵġ֮ͨͬʲôУħѶ뷨֮ϣ˲ܱͻơʵ֮ǿǴﵽ˶ɱĵز
Ȼǰתǿǿӣڽ𵤵תԳƵǰת۵ıĻ𵤵תǻɵѱ䡣
Ϊ𵤵תνǴӾƿ֮УʼԼķֻɹſӵ͸ıҲ֮
ҽ𵤴޳ɵִ֮ߵĳ˵֮ͬԲƾǵʯɽ𣬻ˮִҲ漣ֶζ򵥲ߣմһںǬб仯ƿص硣
ֻҲԵɣ𵤵תΪ֮ҲˣתѶǰתܺͻҪѣҪȹĽҲ֮ǰİٱԼǹʵǿһҲ׶ɽ١
һ룬һչǧ꣬һãʵԲųԶɽ١һȹ˼޵УɽľްҲȫȻ壬ش٣ħһ֣Ҳоųɵİնȹ
ֻĲԸٴαչزʱ䣬ǱһǧŽٵشپȻȻ١
Ĵ֮⣬ڤڤڣһһ㣬أͶĴĸطһȻ
һСڴˣһ۾ܿõĿռֶΡֻĿռȣһʮȴ˲٣ƺȡ˶֮ıת
һ֮ͨУһӴɿ촩󡣴Ŀһ˵ҲϤǵ˭ˡ
ңңǻֿɼһ˿ŭһĳӣȻñʧȥȷʸֻܳΪͳ֮һЩһСһ˴ģʹñͨǰź»Ҫһǧʱٴνһǧ갡һǧ꣬ɲҪɱˣˣɾҲ˱
˵䣬ЦѣʱѾǰһγ˱һ񣬸Ϊһ
ӡУһһԺãѧһͨĳӣǧʱ䣬ֻҪپԻûͿʼѰķλ
ֻǵһռһϢĸоӿͷܿȥŷһµӾվڶ棬Ŀһ˼ҹǧʱˡ
һȻо֣ĿӿͷҲĴЦ㣡ãܺãĳӣû뵽ûȥ㣬㾹Ȼ
Ȼһħİ·ħԵ͸оЩоͷ·Ĵħʬһ㡣ֻΪʱȣȥ򣬵Ϊˣҳ磬޷֮£ֻܴѶ·ע⡣
ˣռһ·˴ȴ⣬ҪǺηʥ˭֪ɲ飬þǵԩҶͷ
ķŭ·Ȼ֪ԭίȴһȻֻע⣬㽫ĿͶĿռȥˡ
ȻħһͨǿԪͨȴҲܹģ·Լֻһӣһ㣬ֻŭաŭһ˫Ʋͳ·


һ߰ ħ
·̳һΪ͵Įֻڱģʺ޷𲻹ڱģȴǵͬһڶİԵ
ĴڣȴƾԼ֮ϣԼġʶ񷢶һ˲䣬ҲȻǿֶΣԾ˼ġз
ȻһѾ߹ٸ߹Ҳֻǳ֮ǿһģϾѰɼֶ֣˵ССķʿ
Գּ䣬˿ںӭȥӭȥĽȴϲûйĴ죬ûвҽʹֻһɸǿʮ˻ûعѾܱ߾ڷɿ쵹ˡ
룬һֻһֻϸָо𺳣ĸֶԽԽԶһֻһʱԴֻ֣ܣ
ֻһ̣һģðŽɫdֵӡٴγͷʱתʵ״̬Ȼתѣŭһٴ˫ƣȫԪעһƾ籡ȥ
һû񷽲ǰңžһһ˫ƾɢ룬ʣһӲǿŤתε俪ȥ
ֻһУ˿ûе⣬һĿ⣬ɻ֮⣬Ŀ־壬һֶδ֪ǿĿ־塣
㵽ʲôˣ㲻ǸСӣ
̽Եʵȴûлش˼ֻһƻӳѯʡ
֮ǰԼ֮ǰһӴļ䣬ĽȻֻڵӣһǿԼǹͨȴԽɺڸֿ
Ķ֣¹ϷѰֶΣּͽʮͨʩչзڷӡϣзǻӡʨӡƿӡһһʽƥȭɱ
ȻǿҲ׼ЩŷųưİԵӡҲЩܲסʼѰ˱ܺͰͨʱһĻľ
ֻһȺӲӵķŸڿռ棬Ľħһռͱѹ
˵ЩħʮֽܳһһʮĺúνúܲסǶ࣬οЩǡ澹ȻɼֵĴڣһ־߰˸
ǴһըЩճ֪ϱħ͵ֵסΪЩֱӱ飬һɹɴɫɢΪǿЩҲ£ûоֱӴδУӡ
һĻУǾ͸𺳡Ĳ˵߰˸ɼ֣㹻һġĸ֣ħһҲЩɢɼ̴ӣҪһɼ¶ѡ
뵱һǹƥսķ¾߰˸ɼ֣Ĳн˵ǧ꣬궼ܴﵽӼᶨ˴˲һ뷨Ϊħһ֪飬Ҫһݾѻڴˡ
㵽˭ģ¥£ˣǸٺôԸ㣬ʮ㣡
⻰±һٻɱȴʱһ뷨˫һ꣬ззɳһɫȻ뵱ҪסѩƷƶŮĲһ޶Ƿʮ֮ͨе֮
֮˵֮γɵľ֮ͨһִһУѡŮ޳֣֮˵Ҳ֮УרűƣҲѲ
Ϊȵȴûп˵ֶΡۿִȴѹƵøûѵֻܱС
ȻȲģִвڣʩչ仯ִ֮ŴٱҲǳŴˣһйͻָԭΣڶѲ
һУһ棬ͨħҲѾȫ߳Ĵ׽õ׽ãûһ©֮㡣
˿ֵ·˼һ£һĽ֮ޣɣȷɺոͽħǺأԼʮС룬Ҳһȥ͹һֱ̫ͨϹĿռһС
̫ϹУһĹͷıչأȻʹԽԽ񣬵ܸоһ˿޷תǽΪֹͣڡ֮ͨſڡ
ӦµĵȻɻȴæʩٻԶǣһ˵ͷҲŵ˵㣬һֻ̣һһ⾡һڡ
һ˲䣬һⱬϢǶȻ绹ûͻƣذûƿʹһһ
ԪĺôһȴûʱЩôһһӰħ˭ˡ


һ߰ ؼƻҰڲ
ͨ·ͬһ˵õ·ĸ򣬸õм䣬Ա֮ԼչѰͻƵʱ顣
ǰǱͨ˿öħȣǧ֮ǰԼٰƣֻΪȹһٵ
ӣһǧȥվˡҵҪħһ嵽жǿѣɣ
˵䣬һ֣ħ֮һ˻һ̣תŵһʱһ
ֻһԼһôǿΪݺ˿ð·һĲ죬ֵĵһЦ
˵ɣ˭㰵ңܹĸ֣һȺϵáֻ²֪ɣҲ˭ܶġҼ̳еϴ峤ѪȻ˽ӣȴֻܵȴ˴ͿԹ壬˵ЩСǱ˶ԸҡʵҲǲҲһ֣ԷȰһ䣬ԹԷңҿΪʹӣҷɻڴҲгͷ֮գóΪ˰ӰͬʱԶһ㡣
һͨµļ䣬֪µıΪ׽øħһѶӶ֪֪ˣսȵ֮УʱףԷȻˡ˶й¶Ļ֮ϲ
˳Ȼͷųһ˿ħһϢΪԼ²ȷڵ¾Ȼ˵Լϴ峤Ѫ֪кƾݣοƣα֤Լ´󹦣ҷɻڴ
ȼһȻڶ˵䣬ʱоϷĵض𣬹һЦ㲻ңкѣѪ߹ȻƽڣһԱ֪ηɻڴʹӼеõϢһɹͳֻ˷ܣͶң֪
һȻеĵ˵ͷ㵹ҲϵֻѵҲҪܣɱô
ɱҡһȻҡͷЦܣ֮ǰ㲻֪ҵǾͰˣ㻹ɱңǲ˵Ҳ֪նɱߵѪʲôΪԼɱܹ֮Ǿˡͱ峤¡ܹҵϢɱҵϡʱҲӲһ巶Χڣͻữһ㣬˶ҵ㡣
һħһͨȻȫȴҲһ˽⣬֪ٱǵòɥʧҪ»һɱ
ֶֻζһ˵Ȼ鷳Ҳûֶο˿壬ֻһ˫ͫĿȣǹһ˿ĪЦ
ѵʲô֮踵ôȻţȴҲһ÷ë
һЦЦſš
Цʲô㵽ʲô˼ڸоЩԾ
ѣѵ֪˭ôһҡͷЦħͨȻָԭ
ʲôƺûعٿһɫȻ̶һ֪ϲǱֻ³֣㣡
һȻڵأϢԨ΢Ц˵ͷң˻ǵãĳɾԶ
ʱŻȻ֪۷ŵİ£һƽʲôħ׷ɱȫûôһ¡ʱȻʵ˸оĪʵʵξҲֻܽܡ
Ǹĳӣ仰ڣʱоʲôԣֻԸ߰ȻɵһʵȴϸĿڡ
һԣȴֻǵ˵ͷˡû뵽ǧ֮Եֻ֣˷ݣѾ˽ǧ֮ǰҵ֪ҲԶˡ
ԣɫ䣬ŭ⣬⣬ɵ֮⽻֯ɫӵĿһһ۵ôôǿô£㵽Ҫʲô
һ΢΢һЦҡҡͷδ⻹Լɣʱ㲻һ֮ô⣬ǻشҵɣңħһ״˴ǰĹģʵˣзʲôֶΣƺܹͳһҺܸȤ͹ԹԾͷһжҰɣ
ȱһ˵࣬ͷҲǴĲѡ˵ֶΣɫȻһ䡣ֻǾҪܾʱһȻ֣һöǷ۵̧һ׾͡ˡһȵֱС


һ߰˰ ֮
ˣʲôȻɫһ̣оԼڰȻʼܶ
ûʲôϹ涾ˣǰЩ֪֮ЧΣ²Գôⵤҩͽ񵤡ⲻãԾҩɣһ˵ţƺֻǺˮһƽ
񵤡ҩ졭һ֣ʱ͸оҪһоԪͶԼƣֻܸɵۿһŲ֣˵֡
һǺ޷йı飬һһЦȻ񵤡ҲûнֻⷨҪϹԹԸң֪һУҩЧ֮ͿΪ⿪
⻰ɫǵͨ죬֮г˷ŭǷŭ˿ûЭ˼ħһܳУһǿҲֻǳӣӵвЭ
һȻ޷ȡȵ뷨Ҳ֪Է˼ͷһЦûϵ»пǵʱ䣬Ϊֶλ㹻񵤵ҩЧҪղȫӣϣʱ㹻ͨˣ
˵գһٲԣӻ֣һڶ֣ȻһͽУӡȴմ޵ĵһУһŴվ𣬿˿ңԶϿգһųͬʱ·ٴ߳
ȥɣ
һ˵һ䣬Ҳ·˵ͷƮȻȥ֮һ׹һѪȺ䵽סѪ·͸ոȥİ·
Ҳֱӻصһڣһ˲䣬һɫ΢΢һ䣬̾һȻˣħǰˡȻһͻƣǾͽһͻưɣ˵䣬һʧ
Դٶǰһ̫ϹƷħɽ̫֮Ϲʽ̨̤
ֻ̫Ϲµ͵Ȼɽϣɽħƶ֪Ϣ֮⣬ֻ֪ôһǰȽȽĶ˵ţפغδ֪
ȻҲΪ̫Ϲֵ̫ͻȻѴʱ֣˶֮꼻һ֣ɽǷħΪѽѶ
Щ˵ڸĿģɽħû壬Ÿ۷׷ס
ֻ̫Ϲĵ͵²ֹǰõħ֣ԼʮСԴ˲䣬ϱĴлۣ̫ϹѾʽӵжʣȻֻж̶ٶʱ䣬õ˼
һһֱݷƽ̫Ϲ˶иַ׷ǰµڡãµϾվ˸ɫ֡
Щ֣ΪۣɼħΪףзħ֣Ѫ·ץȸʮɽɸ֣±ɢɣɽ٣ΪҲǷ֣һ˻Сǳ羴ĿϷȴʲô
Ǵʱв֪̫ϹϸˣһµӶҪֱƣû˸˵ʲô̫Ϲ˭˵ˡ
̨֮˲̨ͬϣλǸߵĸλӣѩƷƣŮȡһλһ࣬ȻǸС׼ƣ˼ԨߴңΪһ׾ǿмǸλӣڴ
ʱһһһɫ⻪֣һͬ·Ѫ·ͬʱ֡ʱ䣬˸̨׽֮⣬վˣΪߵͣ죬Թݣߺݼ
һȻΪħֵټˣҶ̫ϹģѾ⣬ôˣҲЩ𾪣ͬʱҲϲѣΪоһɹɰԸԼʶǾһ
ѾǾ֮࣬ѾﵽһƣȻС֮ΪơǷŵϹţǾͿԽˡ
Ȼ̫ϹȻ߹ģϹŴ̲ʮǧЩҲȲ֮һܹҲΪʧˡ
ܵһƶͬˣһоණǳٳٲܲתҲ࣬ͷȻԭˣţ졢ءŽˡ֮ˣУѵ֮ˣȻأȴʢ˥Ｋطʢ˥Ψн̻ô˲ǲ֮仯ĴǬѹϹŴҪ̣ľǽ̻Ĵˡ˼´̣¾ϼɷҲǰˡֻȴҪͳһƽʱ䣬ʱҲǲܣʱ˵ͳһĿҪסһĴڣһж״ﶼҪˡ


һ߰˾ ̫ʢ
뵽˴һɨһܣΪʵմšһǧˣɼֶʮˣɢɣɽٰˣ඼Ƿ֡
˵Щ֮д붼ٶǰ׽õķħ֣Լٶ׽õħʮɽֻ֣ЩǿǿӣΪûо飬ûõΣֻΪŵӿ
ԭ̫Ϲռң̫ϡ٣Щ˶һǧĿ飬̫ϹĸڡҸٶǰֻа˽νѸ١
뵱̫Ϲܹµķϸֻаˣӵ˽İˣٶ˳ɹоͰߴӣһǷкڸ֣ƣ곢Զɽ٣˼Ԩ˽֮Ȼս˿
ԭķ֣вٳɽ٣ԭĶɽһжɽ٣ȻһûʧɽǰڵĶȹ˵һؽﵽɽڣɽڵĶȹڶؽﵽ˶ɽٺڡ
ЩͰѩƷƺͼŮ˱һǧǰﵽɽڣҪɽڻҪǧꡣһս֮󣬵࣬һһ˫޴ﵽһ˶ɽڵĻۡ
ͻƹȥ֮󣬲ǡ֮֡ǡսǰ߾㲻ƾԷŹѹƣҲԵֿκڸֲ·磬߸Ǿ꣬ʹüɳڵս
ԭɽٺڵˣ̫ϹоԴʦѪħˡǰһսǻۺһһħˣͻ˶ɽٺڼޣʼɽ١
һ£ɽ٣ȻƵȴһٽ;¸ȵһȹ̣һһħһ֮¶ȹȻ˼ĥվö˽Щͷ֮Ѿ춨ֻҪ⣬˽Դɳ˵Ը
˲ֻ糹ԲͻƵڡֻҪڣõһ׼ˣ˾һɳ죬Ϊһȳɾ˵Ĵڡ
ԼӪ̫Ϲﵽ̶ȣûڣʵ֮ǿͲ嵱ķħҲʮο
οοȴ֪̫ϹҪȹһ٣ջλ㿪ڵؽٻǰĿģҲ²˰ɣ
⻰·һӣħǰһ̽ӽջر˵½ħһټǴǰף֪ҵǰΪ˴¡
һԣ̫ϹѾħһĶҲͷ⣬˵ͷǴ£ֻ˵Ǵǰף˵ǴѾˣ
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ĸ֣˵ͨӣħҲһæϵ겻ɽֻˣħһ屬һǧԺⲻ꣬ôͣ
һҡͷν㣬仯Ȼ̫Ϲ֮µıԴӳ֣ѾңȻ˵ãȴ仯̽ϢãħһѾʮɽԼħ֣˹ģ̽ԽͣΨһ£ǾǴǰʼˡ
˵վԵİѪֱǰʩչֶΣһζӰſһѪɫۻ磬һ谵硣
ħʮɽǻ˱ɵӿϲ̫ϹΪפз죬ΪִǰԶΪ졣
ֻһĲ򣬶Ǵ֮һɫǶҲϤǿռֻ̫ϹĿռͬЩ߳Ķһι״
ħЩѵħɣ
֮˴̽ħһģģŹֵĻͨħͷģһɼĸ֣
ħǸ츳ħ֮ϣһü֣ͬôħȻǴ
һʱ̫Ϲ۷׷ףһһпУЩ۵˶ģԭ̫ϹӴ඼Ĭȴһ㲻壬һּ˷ܣȻһսȻȴ
һԵͷ̫;ʹʧȥƽģһ״̬ȴһһ֮䣬ر仯״̬Ȼƽս̵Ͱп֮Ҳʮѵá
ħ𼸺Ϊһţһ۱㿴һĿʾʲôæһһֵҵȲ磬Ȼѽ´ּ⡣
˻ڣ˸һƳħһۣͷܺãȻˣ


һ߾ ̺󷽣ɽ
̫ʼ֮˵ҲصһƬռ䣬Ϲʱųƾ֮УΪʤݵż̫ϹżŴ˴ɼһߡ䣬ΪѰһ˿Ե
ʱֵش֮ʣ̫ʼ֮ȻأҲѲħһצħһ̶ֲգԭ̫ʼ֮Ѱұɢʿ
Щɢޣһս˻Ҫࡣˣ̫ʼ֮Ѿȥ¥գſȸ
һʱһȺӰ̫ʼ֮Χ󣬺ͣһϣԳһͷǣצ籬ܣħһɡ
ħһһ濪ʱڵĴħᣬͨκͱҲҰԵޱȡΪӣȴѡתΪһվֻ࣬ģ࣬ǲܹӴȵıԴýһ
һħȱõĵͣǱҪƴʱǾ¶ԭ̬
һֻħС֮һǶħΣԲûɼ֣ǿһͷϻһֻǣѾһ޶ɼΪҲһ֮ңˡ
ֻħͷֹסӵĳּһɫ⻪ųȥһʱ仯޾֩˷չֵ֩΢΢һħͷɫһϲ
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뵽˴ħеСǣǰкЩ׸ٰ֮ǰţһҲѲã
⻰Щħһ˫Ŀͨ죬ƺʵһ㣬۴žɢȥħͷ̽ķȥ
һȺħͷɱʮأħͷָʾзķ½ȥһȺħΪҪһٵʱһŲľ֣ƺԤһ㣬ͷͳһȺħȥ
ЩħһǺ֮ƽ·ͻȻҲƾͽľ򱬣ֱ׽͵Ϯ֮ˡֻһΣ԰һþľǰƺʧȥãľһѹһ룬ʱȥĽͷħɡ
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һĻЩħŭѣֻ֮ǰľľѪٴγ֣ѱ˫ļл֮£һʱ̣𣬻ħ֮ȥˡˣһӳ۳޵еħСӾױնɱ
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Ƭ֮һȺħСˣ֮ǰСӣһͷ죬ȻǿࡣΪӦŸܲ̽һȴûκ֮⣬ȴûа취
ǻطر£Ǽ׷ʱ֮ǰɱħľľѪٴγ֣˻ˣһͬطĻʮ̫ϹӣԼɽټĸ֡
һ֧ħС뵽ȥҸҶԼһֻǿһĶ֣ı֮£ٴγ˿ս֮£þٴα
һ꣬һȺ̫ϹӢٴһɢʧãã޼ʵ̫ʼ֮ķ֮СֻһĻֻд˴һ̫ʼ֮棬̫ϹռĶʮСڣҲʱڷ̫ϹӶԸħһλս
ʱƣ̫Ϲѹħһ壬ÿÿ棬̴ٶң̫Ϲȫʤ˽ż©֣֮Ͱźõɼ־ͻ棬ԾǿһС
ÿһħһ˥̫ϹٴεõĥʵΪ
ЩȫһһУħ񣬾̫ϹĸݵΪģħһ壬̫Ϲĺ󷽡
׼ٽЩСආ֮󣬽Щɼħһ򾡣ʱȲڣҲܵõܶϢ
һнеʱһһ̧һӣ֮¶һ˿Ц


һ߾һ 
һѵʲô飿վһѩڵ
һԣ΢΢һЦ⵹㲻ϣֻھ˼꣬һֱûôкȻǰȥ˵Ǵٽ٣ȴΣ
ھӣѩһ㶣ѵ˵ɽɣʱȥٵ飬ⲻǺôѵô
һ˵ͷҪ˵ȴһԺƷƿڵѩ㣬ǵˣСõħſǼʶɵƣǿɱ˲Ѫ뵱һڼЩݺɱǻͬţɽȻɵţδһһħ˥񡣡
⻰ѩƺʲôҲĸͬĵ˵ͷǺƷƻһתָָһСÿʲô˵ıƶȲ㵹ǲõˡ
һúúõģû뵽ͷתԼҪͣȴƷָס죬ЦҲҪƱ磬ˣôܽĽöŪ
䣬һͷһСףͷʹȻһǧʱ⣬ԼʵǿǿС׾㱻׽õʹȴԽԽֻƽûйҲ޴йˡ
뵽ĿǰЦĺƷƣЦ֮оȻһ˿һʱ䣬Ȼ׺Ʒǹַ̼ͼԼԼٳСױץߵ鵱С
תͷٿѩͼ̶Ůһ˫ˮӿԼһͷʱһ𼤵ͷתջΪһЦЦ֮ǧʱٻͷһɨա
ãˣʲôıƣܱȵһ֮ѩƷƣ̶߰ɣҴȥʶʶ˵еɽ˼ɾʲôģ
Ůԣж˸ӨһǧĳϦദȻоһԽԽǿͬҲоĵٻȻƽҲͰˣ٣ǻȻ֮սǿʵҲԷأԲĬݳһĻ
һ仰УǺоһǧǰһϢƺָ֪ȻЧʱչЦͷǡһһЦַųһ֪̫Ϲ֮󣬹⻪һתͬʱʧԭء
ȴпռһŮ̫ʼ֮ǰɽ֮һ˰ʱռ˲䣬һȻͳǰ
Ȼ֮ǰҲԶԶɽΪתʵĿԣ￴Ϳһ֮£ɽɽǧٱ
һĵһӡǴĴڱ̫Ϲפؼ̫Ϲ϶ʮĸС綼Ҫ֮ȻҲǴ磬ҲֻӤȡ
ڵڶӡǾǡɾ֡Ҫ֪ȻкܶԳɾĵطЩطԴޣ£㲻ɵɸ֮ɽȴ½ƣϼңɺɴ񡭡־޲Ϊɸʤء
һ֮󣬶Լ̫Ϲи֮ɽȻƷȴɵζ
ȻӴɵζ֮⣬ɽΪɽ֮һפأȻ޾ֶκͽƣһΪʦڡ󷨡ĸ֮¶͸
һԿ̽һصʱ򣬺һ˿Ϥĸоӿͷһ֮£󷨡֮ͬۡԼɵ̫ϵͨһϵġͫһͬתͬʱʩչܹһ˲䶴ذصĻᡣ
һ˲䣬סһ˿ϤĸоǾǡ졯ϢȻŨûγɶ쾧ڣΪĶ죬뵱ˮĸһ㣬ű֮ʼ˶ΣֻһͿԳΪ졣
һ簡ʮĴ磬ôɶ죬뵱ǾΪᶴ죬нľ֧ţ̫Ϲ죬ܹɼĹҲŸҷĳܹԴɾͶ죬˷һɣ˵ɽһɽԺɨһͳȫɾʹ̣Ũ񣬱Ҳǲܣʲôʲô˿ɽǧʱ⣬ԴԶôҲȱٻˣ˵ҲǾ֮εΪ׳ۡˣҶɽĹƻ̫أΪ˷ħݺ£ȴСˡõǣ籾֮ҪǿŤת֮ʵôףеĴֶΡȻֻһһȴǿɼһٸǾϧķΪ֮Դпܡ
뵽˴һԳѣҪ֪֮ϧѣ˵ɸ֣˼ûУҲΪһԼԴǲܵ顣


һ߾Ŷ 硢
ˣˣȻܳɾͶ죬ҶҲûвΪˣֻɽԱֶΣֺα죬ǿɽкζԲ߰ɣ
һԺ˼ǧҲһ˲ܿͽϢ£תͷ˿ڹŮҲߴ٣ֻĪĴǳɽȥ
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⻰˵ĺһȴ˿⣬Ҳ˵ģ˵ܹΪ˿ΪѾ࣬οܴΪҪȫˣǾ֮٣⿴ܹ֮Ϊ֮
ȻһҲҲ磬һϻöԷѿΪȲԼ⣬򹷵ˣȳֺõ飬мΪ֮
̫Ϲǰμɽᡣ˵䣬һ֮ǰ˹ȥ
ײϣʱһɫ˾֮дһȵĺеȻɽ߲
ֻһ̣һûдС֮һʲô̫Ϲ
˵֮ǰһʲô̫Ϲѵ˵Ǵ˵кɨħǸɲɣ
˻һ֮жʱһӣһ̣һŵռ𣬺һǰӻͯӡ˾ж˳
Ϊ֮ͯӣԳͯźɫ׵ͯ°׵ۣߵһǰһֹһ£һݵɽӭͯӣ磨£ˣ񣬻֡
һǵһα˽ˣνˣ֮ˣҲ˵ơȻʵѰˣΪûе¼ɵּͬ˶һѣͼ֮˾ͽǰûнй˵ġ
ΪŪȴΪһΪ̫Ϲ̫Ϲ˶뵱ȻΪһɵ֮޹ֺƺ
Ȼһû¸˽ԼʵֻǺȻһЦҡҡͷٲ˵ʲô˳µ·ͳɽȥ
һ·ϣͯӵָ㣬ɽ֮еľ¾Ϳø֮ǰԶԶ￴һȣһζ˵ŮһҲ֮⡣
˽һ·̣ǷŻͯӺָͣ㾰µĻתһ´һڵˣɺѹħɽƣ
ԭ̫ͯϹǷħܣɽٵ˵ԱͲ̫ϹСһׯϣҲͰˣһŮΪһ㾰Ŵ˵
ΪɽӭͯӣǸɵĸ֣ӭһʱϷŪ֮ģϾԼݣŶԷ˶ڴſڶԼһ¡
һԵֱͯͷֻۣȻһЩȴͬ߰ѣȻ֪ͯԣȴҲΪһǵֵܲϣҲֻȹһʱȰһ䣬ʶԾ¡
ν콫֮֮ͯԼݣΪһһʱ߳ŭվѡϢˡȴ
һµ΢΢һЦλͯӸ߼̫ϹȷʵɽƣֻҲһССͯӣѵΪĳĳͲɱô
ɱһһȻһЦݣȻһʵʵɱһ˲䣬ͯӻͯӶɱ˵˵ܣֻһԺתǧٴαնɱĳ

̲ͯסޱɱ⣬һҽУεȥͯżѣеɱʧܹͳͯȥֻͯǰӱڡ
㣬ҳˣͯȻ֮ǰԶ˶һ裬ֻ뵽ͯ˲ѡ
ˣһǹһ˿Цҡͷǻҳ֣
ˣСõͯӱˣһǿڳԣͯҲ̲סһĨһ߽֣Ҫһ
һ״Ȼ壬ֻתƵ֮ɫǽߴϡһ̣ñ˵Ĳһͯӡ
ͯӣȻҶԹ񣡡һŭȴ׹һԪ˳֣ԪָȻųֵľСʿ
һ֪ԪԪѾǰֻһֱһԣҪδáͻһЩ¾͸һ۵ӡպҪв鷳ɴɱһͯӡ
ֻͯܵɱӰ죬ʱԣ޴󰭣˭֪ͯӾȻȻ֣ͲõˡɴһУһжɽˡ˷һĻ


һ߾ ħ֮
ѣϵӭ٣õܵͯţʵڲãѼ£ɽһᴦǶˣԪ˲һڣ˵
һȻͯӽ᲻ϲ˹棬ƺ֮࣬˻˶ˣ˵飬Ĺǣȴ⻰˻㲻룬ֻ˵ͷˣɵѴþǡ
⻰ԪæֽͯɢһԵĵ֮ͯ󣬴ԪСʿǰһ̸
ԪԲ˷ŵΣһҲͱˣ˫ܿЦٴγɽȥ
Ԫ˲ɵ֮ʵ˵ãǶɼҾµİҲϸ΢һ·ָɫ֮ǰ¸ˣһ޲ѡ
һעȴһԵԪСʿоڵΪʿνѰԴϴμ棬ͷСʿƺһֱעԼټȷֻǶԷƣҲÿڽҴ
һȻп羰Ϊʵߣ·Ҳ죬յĹͿһĸפأɽĺڡ󡯡
һһ֮У˵̫Ϲǹصĵ䷶ǡ󡯾Ʈĵıˡһȫûɵ¥һۿȥʮӴ󣬵һȴƮƮҡҷҲϱ仯̬һɷ״һɺ״仯٣ˡ
ΪʦһҲ仯޷֮пԭ⡮ôժȡɽػԴ취仯ɣƽۼĹңս֮ʱǿıݣһ˽У¼Ǳɡ
ȻʱġȫûпƵ˼궯ȻǻˣҲģŮͳȥ
һУһɹɵӭۿȥˣȻȫɵ֣Ҳɢһеĸ֡
ЩɵϢΪռ˰˳ɻ࣬ħ֮ԼһɵˣٵľǷţʮ˲Ҷһˣĸ֡
һŮ룬ϢͶɽ٣߲ɽڣʱֳ룬˶Ŀת˹
Щгɽħ֮⣬һ඼Ǵûһʶһݣ˶һ˵ĵɻԪ˺ԪСʿһ𣬿ǶҪĸĵߴš
ʱһˬʵЦǧԽڶֱһ˳߱ЦˣĳõȰΪҪܲμӣˣʢ̫Ϲǿɾһź
һԣ֪ǧ˽ԼȻŻɻѵ˶ʱ׹ֱһ䣬ŻڿͯСӣ·𿴵ʲôصĶɻ֮дųԾ
һһԤϣ̫ϹѾߵϣҲûҪڰ󷽷˳ǧһԵˣʢǹϵ˥Ĺؼڣ̫ϹȻ½ȴҲһӣȻõǰһǡ
һ̹ȻԼݣ̬֧ʢᣬǧԪЩɽ˶¶Ц̸䣬㽫һһС
ħڵķλһԻʮˣźϢЩ˾ɽɼ֣һȻΪ衣һ˴Ҳͱɽ̫ϹʵĿ϶
ֻ϶϶һĵʱǵħķӦ󶥼ǳԹһĿͷˣҪǵֱӾͱһΪһ˵Ƕһʹ޺ͼɵ̡ͬ
һǳǸ֮ɫѿҲͰˣ¡ˣˣλʦܳס棬һͷ񡣵ħһɱħŤͷתȥƶħһһƺҪ̻һ㡣
һУһֻһЦٲᣬٴԪ˺ǧ̸շħֵ
Ȼһ˿ռ֮ɽձϾǳԣ̶꣬࣬ԾʹϢٶȺ͹˵Ȼ̫Ϲһ֡һ̫ϹõħϢһϲɫǣѿ
֮Ԫ˳һݵû뵽ħһѸ٣ֱҲ󣬾ȻĴһ֣ѾӴҲ֪ǵ̵жˣ
ǧĸݵĵ˵ͷ»ǵͷӣȫѹһٽܻҲǲˡˣѹҪħ֮ս


һ߾ ɽ
ħ֮һӶ̸֮̽һʵʣɵĿǧԪˡ
ǧ״ǻȻԼ˵©죬һҪӣһĿ֮£̾һˣˣ±ҪǰѰˣԪ㿴Σ
Ԫԣ˵ͷ޷ȻᣬȴôǴǣħ֮˵и׼ҲǺ¡
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ԭһħֲǵһΣһǷϹűʱǸʱǿޱȵħһԶɶ뱾ʿһصĴս
ʱǣϹֵ۷ʱڣͨܶ಻ˣǿڶħܸҲ׾⣬ϹŴ½ҲܲĴݱ˶ϣϣĴޣϱȻĴޱҲ顣
мڴˣڶ֮ܺ£껹ľ֮һݷԭɽ칬һΪɽ磬صٳһյشħУдս
һս˲֪꣬ղϹŴܣ޵ħûһѳȫСһڣνġħ֮
ħٴ֣ȻĴʿһ㣬ɥʧഫкǿߣӴ룬᧿ΣĴҲʮΣա
мڴˣɽΪ죬׼򣬽һħֵĻᣬħ֮ѪϹ󷨣ħ֮һ汦һħһУһճ־õĴսħС
ˣǧѾ˵ˣһֻڵԪ˵˼䣬˱ΪһΪϢ̫޴ЩزЦһȻʵǿվСһƮȻ뿪
ֻǲ֪һǱŵˣ̫ϲԡΪ֪ʶʹУϹŵ֣Ϲ֮ʷǨΨνӶһء
Ҳѯʹ֪һеľǾ֮ʱǾΪ̫֪̫಻ΪɾܾˡȻ֪мһԺ֮жϳصϢڲϣһȥѭˡ
̫ϵʧرҶǶϽһжϹţħ֮ǽ⿪һеĸԴڣܸоֻҪħ֮УһжпܣתɽҲңԶ
һ˼תķɿ죬ƲϺܿͻָʱǧѾȥڷħŵϢѾȫȻںͷֻħ֮еõô
ȻҲ˽ϢѩŮŮ֮Ҳ𺳲ѣֻǴ˵ز̫Ϲǲûбֻ̫࣬һ
չȥ½½ǰЩ˻ǴǴĴЩУһϤĲ࣬һȴϤˣǷֱԪˣɨ꣬ͼϷˡ
ɵ־ʹ磬ǵһȡħиɵĽǵû˶СΪɵһͳǿʢ֡˵ϢҲ٣ȻΪԪˣ٣ﵽˮ׼
ֻһˮУҲҲ˶ɢɣֻվλãСǶһ񶼲ңûп̨һ
һȻĿЩ硯ֻ⣬һᶯ֪ţʮ鷳Щϵǽǰкһ£һ˵ȣöˡ
˵ȴǷʱһȻ⻪Ȼߵĸ̨ϣʵӰ
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֪ǵ꣬ΪֶΣ֪ǵڼ˶֪ʵԶԶѰɣһ֣ɺҲնɱ
Ҳ֧֣ǶһԵλ磬˳ɽһħ֣ټǰҲµ
ɽһʱѹסȫƣʲκɵһһֱѹƵĸоΪƳѹƣ̽ɽʵæת׼ѿȥ
ʱҲо̨ϣӰ֮УĿɨһۡһ˲䣬Ȼһֳĸо


һ߾ ּ⣬ô
ⲻɵʵΨеǾҸܹѵǶɲɣ
һ뵽˴ͷһӾǾ֪ɺھ˼۷壬ȥɴԲͲòһϹǾҲֻƬ̡
ԴתɣֶγɾͣԲ֣Ϊܹ˼޵Уٲκθˡ
һɽоԷųɲܷųѹʱоâڱһƵĲˬ·ɽѹͷ̲סҪʩչֵ
õǣɽƺֻǶķһȤûж뷨ڶԸѹһżաһҲæϢɽע
ʱɽ໥˵ͷȺ֣һͷȥ
ЩһǴϢ˷׷׽һ֪ɽ֮ȴܣɡħԼסֶΣԼһԼŮϢϴˢ֮󣬲Ž
õһɹԺ֮жʱϢ֮ǰǧߵħһϹűԼħ֮飬ֻûἰħ֮Ŀˡ
һ֪ЩϢѾ˾̾ʱ䣬·ȴ֪õһϢһһʱ䣬˻ϲ˳
ʱһȴӸ̨ϴɽλȻ󣬵ɼϢʱѹİ
λѣϢɽϴλҲ֪ˣħһħͷҲ˥һ˥٣Ϲű֮˥䣬ٴ˽٣νҵȴͷֻ֮ˣУش಻Ͼƶ뷽ɣ̨λǰ졣ҵ촹˼ּ֮⣬һħ֮֮ΪħһУս˼䣬ǲ콫·ҵƳħ󻼡
˵˴һ٣·ٴħ֮ĴڣҲͰˣ֮ҲõǾһˡ
Ϊһħܹ֮ħһУΪӴս᧿Σ˼⣬ζſܵõħƴϹŴ
Ҫ֪ϹΪ۷ʱнѾ˥䵽΢ĩĳ̶ȡԣϹһϡ䱦˵ܴڵϹŷص䴫ܴ֮࣬ϹŴħĺǣѪ⣬ǵõһ˿ڣǵõĺôֱ
νΪΪʳ뵽Щôڳ˶Ķѡ콫·ħû̫𺳡
ϾϹ֮˶Ͼֻзɣż˽䣬䣬Ƿ·ʵ㱾һ˼˶Ȳϡ
˵´콫Ϊ˼мޣܹ콫ǿ̶ȶһޣ˼ʿвҲûôˡ
˶ħ֮ĳʱ̣ʱվһԵķɣ̨λҲվ˳Ϣׯϵ̨ڵ˴ٻλǰĿıλһͬħ֮ɨħħ֮һλѾɽУеԵֵˣϹ䱦ҵȾᣬֻϣѽɨħ֮ϡλ֮йߣϱ磬¹¼պһ磬ֱӿԻϴɹ֮λ
˵̨һָһƬⶫ״Ʒ˳ۻõˣֻûа㷲Ϣһ⡣
ڳĸ֣мʶ˾ˣ˵ֱϾأɱֳִس
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˼нһɢɳͬΪͥͳ򷽣ɹٹˣɢ޻ɶҪܵͥͳһȡ
νϵ磬ƾ贫ϵĳ˻ĳֱͬӽϢ֮ͥдãǵȼȨʮǧ
̨˵ϴɹ١ǰ߿壬߿Եͥٺ»һѰ˻ǧ궼һõĺô
ƾ޾֮£ɽŵԣҲҪЦ˵󻰡ˡˡǾȫпˡ
뵽ǰħ֮ͥʹͣһʱ֮䣬Щڹˣǵϴ󵱹˵ĸǣĶˡ


һ߾ ˳
ԥʱΪķɵһ롣¡ɽ֮£ǶϷ⣬ɽҲǿλѿѡֻƶȰһ䣬֮ѣλѻɷɽ磬ŵӣԼ֮ܶǣ޹ңڴʱɽ磬ӱպͥҲ𷣣ȥλѺɣ
ɽһϷ׼ĺһôգһƣĿĲ˵Ȼ˽ǣͳһԿħ
ȻڳЩϼһһףɽͷɽʵţǲðֻкôǰһϣһоٲԼڳЩһԾŶӵˣοϼ򵥾ͷֳһƬš
֮еһûеͷľ򣬼ϷɽĴ̼ϢһԣԹһС·ŵǹһ˿ЦΪ֪һʵȷڲһˡ
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սΪս˫һɼ֣Ҳһֻ㲻̫ǿȴҲû˸ǡԭսɽϵܣ˵֮ǰɽĳһŵӡ
Ҫ˵¼ϣһ㶼СѹȽ൱ĴһЩ롣ս˫ͻأڣսɽ޵Ĺϵӵϡɡ
˰ѵʱɽȴһЦͷʾͣͬʱ̨ǻһ⣬ǷϾдˡս˫͡սڡ֣˼˵Ϊպϱá
ϡֶǱʹ޵ģǼΪЧֶΡս˫սڵдڷϣԥʱһɽйϵվȡͶ״վɽĻ֮Уʱסˡ
Ȼ˵һ͵ڶûںĸͶģԼɽӪͬѩһ㣬һһ˺ȿֺͺʳһ㣬ǴҶΪˣµпܡ
꣬ռ߳ɵͶɽġͥУĴҲ׷׿ڼ룬ܿҲд˸ɺ֡
ֻʣʵߵĴħԼ̫Ϲûзԡ̫Ϲ֮⣬ЩһǴʮ꣬Ȼɽʮ˵õĴڡ
Լ٣궯ֵܹһڸֿǣ᲻ȨҪıȡôԲڴӦ̫ϹһһһĿ̬
󽩳ֵʱһߴһѣʱɲεʱӦŭأ
⻰һŻ˶ǧԪ˵ĴߴٵĿ⡣ͬ˶ħ֮ǿҵ⣬ĺôûж뷨ƿظħϢ̫Ϲ֮бȻռˣȰһ飬Ҳᷴԡ
֮ûȴӦֻΪ˱ʾһ̬ȣоǡôһԷħǼ˵Ŀ֮˵վɽңңһ̫ϹԸһ֮
˻һȻм򵥲ʮ֣ȴ̫Ϲ̬ȣһʱ䣬ſȹ̵ġˡʧȥһ
ɫЩÿɽҲ΢΢ɫͻ֣һЦȻһą̧́־ͽ̫ϹдϷڵһս֮ϡ
һ״֪ɽ̫ϹʵΪ£ԼáпɾͲͬˣǼ̴ǴĲ
Ҫ֪һʮĴУȻûλҲ١̫Ϲһɣ˭֪һ־ѹԼͷϣͲ
һΪУǾǳǵȥɽüȥһʱͷ̫ϹһǺˡ
ֻǺ޹Ǻޣһ֪֪ҲǣЩԪ˵ħѾ֧ɽĿ⣬ͽѹ£ǻļ˽
ˣŵϺŵ˽֮£ǽΪţɨħȴΪĿĵˡ


һ߾ ˮת
˳ɣν޹زɷԲȵһ¶˹֮޾ǿ̫򷴶ʵ䷴ɽһ£򵥵ĶһϵйͬƵĹ
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ҪݾĴֿͬħ٣ҪĹ̾Ǵħ֮бǿʵ󷢶ħ֮УϹŴĴ󷨣ħУ˼֮󻼡
Щݣ˶οħ֮Լ콫ٻʡЩʣɽ˸ԵĻشȻ⣬жĿȴõ˵ĳϡ
˺Ϊ֪֪ˣɽĴͷ֮£СչһϢᣬǽ֪ħһ
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һʵҲͷӣǴ󲿶ӻжˡĳʱ𾪲ѣڵõҲšһЩСʵ֪һս
мڴˣɽٴγ棬һĴƲ˵ųνͥרŶԸħһֶ˷˲ȶĺͳ档
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ԭǾʮּˡħ֮ϹŴרΪħһս裬Կħ֮һ֮⣬Ҫһ
һҲͰˣһħһףֻܴѪͻ֮ȥΪʮӴһͬɡ
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˴Ҵǰһֻ΢΢ףŮ֮УƷֻЦһ໰ѩͼΪϷ˵Ĺϵһ򸣡
ԪҲ׷׻񣬵˵ʱһͻأ̧̧֣ûǻعһɽɫէ𣬽˾ʧ
Ƭ֮󣬼⻪װ˳֣һڴˣȻϳЩ˾Ǽ̴
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ڴͬʱǧ֮һƬУɫٴγ֣ɢһһˡ
ˣβûˣ
һһ䣬ƺʮɣԪǾȫͬһǸûӦֲǴߣǴǵߣôĶ֪
һɫ˼³˾ŲʮͬʱͷЦǵǶԷԼŪڹ֮УȻǧʱȥ죬ˮתˡ


һ߾Ű ӻ
λѽɺãΪ˴ƵΣһȿѯһ䡣
ԣԪ֪ڲǿôʱǿŤת飬ɫתùһ񣬱Ԫ˿ڵлѯԴħһսһаá
Ԫ˲Լ˵磬һ³˶Էļ˼ֻûйȫԷյ˼ֻǵ˵ͷãĳˣλ£ĳʹ˸ˣ
˵һƾҪߣӲͷƤԪ˵˶ʱЩżˡ鼱֮£ɨæǰһʦֶ
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˵꣬һҪߣʱȴԼ۱һһסתͷȥѩͼ̶ŮһһţͬʱһĿ
龰һͷһ̾һתȥԪ˵ˣˣʲô飬˵ǣϾҸڣǳʲô⣬Ҳûʲôô
һһ仰ͼ˵ƣԪɫһ壬Ȼ˵һ˵Ҳ˼ʲôƤæһԵ˵˳
ԭһǧһɵһͳֵõɽİνǷٵķչ
˵ͼͻĴڣ˵ֻ֣дèСèֻɽٸ֣ɢɸֲʵһࡣЩϼһҲΪʵ٣ͻƵǰ̽Ǳɵ
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칫ڶǰ١ȻҲ˲׼Ͼʱ̴٣ƣǻ֪ȱһ׽ãΪվʱǰԸǵĲѡ
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뵽ԼȻ磬ʾɣ㿪ڴӦ̫Ϲӻ磬ֻȻԻȻ׹
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һɵƿȨӴ˺ͱԴ˵ҲСǻ̸УֻҪû̫ڣҲԸӦֻһԼҪӲȡԴԭ
粻ͬڣ㵱лñԴҲûж֣ǳǡٸᣬȻǿȡһáķš
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һԣ˼һתֹͨؽڣԪ˵ˣǹһ˿Ц
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һ߾ž Ƚ
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ȱй¶ħһʱȱŲһ֣Ǳֵؽͷ;ѡ
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С˵С˵ϢŭϣС˴֪˴ȫⷽ棬ǶĴͬʱУĿĺʱĲܹͬΪΣʮ˴ΣеһҪĿΪ̽ƻһеֿСһͷӣ֧Сӣͨռ͵ĴÿһСħһħһħԼǧ


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֮˵ĴܣһҲûи˵ʲôּ佫ٴηӡ
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һħħ͵ǰһ޴ϢϿ⡣һʱȵı鶼ͬ˼ʮɫǣŮһ㡭


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ħһҲǧǰֻ֪ɱ¾ĴħᣬõʱǷչǺǻҲС䱾ͳԼħ֮ԣԱʿĿ籩ƵĴȴ确Сǿһǿ
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Щʬһ֮Уʱеĺڶнɷ飬֮£ԭۻѪڻһףڣѪЩħһʹõԪ


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һһħһ̫Ϲˡõԭ̫ϹĴɻˣ졣
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ڱǸ˾͸ᣬѪ֮ħ֮У㻨˼ܹħ֮ΪԼãòʧ
ջԵò㣬ΪɵɱԭǷ˽أȴţϾħѪʳ֮ζĶ˽绻ɹĻ㡣ǲ֪Ƥӵ£һ˽ԱǾһ
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Ȼһ̥Ĺ֮ɽץԴҲ벻Կħ֮ȻЩȥҲֻա
ɽĳɹȥĸֹȻЦһħ֮ڼ¹ϵشݲðأԳЦ鳰ЦҲΪܿͿʼĳɹ
ͬǼ򵥵ͬˣһͳһ״ĳɹС
һųͼѪɫƿնХžͳȥħʬͻͬһһʱ㽫ͣǷɵæסûֳЦ
ʱ䣬ĳɹŷ꣬ʮɽħǼ磬õħѪⶼһء
ɽе޹⣬ʿ״Ҳ֮ɫôѪ⻯Ʒɹӻ֣ҲͰȻˡ
ʱҲת죬ʱ䣬ͽѪⶼԪγһƬ֮ϡаϢĿг˾̾ڴ
һִ֮µķħڸЩԪԿ϶Ĵ𸴣϶¶ϲ֮ɫĴƬ֮󣬱һ£ҲҪ׼ڿʼ
ĴڶֿʼԤȰźõģɴĴʮɽȸħڤ󣬼ǰ׻һɣķʽһӴ
㻨ʱʱ䣬һ޴ޱȣʮǿյĴڳ֣⼯ĴжֵĴ˵һ˼ѾǾɱɱ
һβĿĲǳɱһΪħ֮ṩΪػħ֮ҸϢֹħһ巢֣ƻ¡
һɣǧȻûб仯ͳΪһɱڣڲܲ͸ң˵ûеطһ֮иӰȫ
ֵ׼ѾɣɽΪףͨޣħ죬ӷ׷׳֣ޱȵģҲַ


һ ħ֮£
ɽ˵ΪһСֶΣԴﵽһĳ̶ȣȴҪģ󶯷˿ɼħֶ֮ξѰ
ϣ㹻ʽʼʩչʱʮ˵ͷһ˲䣬һֱزǳԽ˼伫ޣﵽɼ޼ɵĳ
عǲܴ˼䣬ɽֶΣƽҲҪ㷢ҲƬ̣һ˲ΪľԷؽ֡
һΣ޼ɵķų֮ðζûн֮ǡڳ˾̾ǳ˵ʱڤڤ֮һϢһȻǵ֮ȫѹ
һ̣֮Уһ֪ŮҥʱƮʱȶʱ̾Ϣʱ̣һִԽʱ⣬عԶʱĸо
ŵôɽϾϲɫܿ죬Щ˼ԾҲʼ¶ϢͶ̴ٵ˵Ƿħ֮ķźķ̫󣬱Ҳֲ֧סˡ
ʱһʱʱ
ôԣ˶֪ؼʱ٣ﻹ˿ԥæĽԪע󷨣Ťת֮ռӳֵɽϡ
Ǽ˽Ĵɣ֮󣬺硣ɽ֮Ҳܲס
ֻǵһӴɽɫ˲Ǻ죬ʼһͿʱϷԽԽ죬Ѹй뿪֮С
ǸҥŻб֮ı裬˲Ϣ֮ͻս衣ƺܵȾ϶¶֮ɫ
һȺ֮УһǡķųԪһ˼͸ʲôʱоһ𶯣̶ĺˣ̨֮Դƺܵʲô̼һ㣬ȻͬʱĿơ
һͷһΪɣϸ̽飬ŷ֣ԴԼ֮Դǲ֮ԴмܿƵĶ
һ̫֮ţһضϽһǱҶһֱôɾͣܲɷ֣û뵽һؾȻڹؼʱ췴
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һô࣬ͲǵСһݽɫͷһᣬæһԵħʱסԼȫ붨һпʼתѹ
ĶҪʲôҳɣ
ͷһܹתķһͳ˹ȥԭ֮Ȼ̫֮źضϽ鷳ǰ߱ϾΪӦñȽϺýҲе׽Ҳпܽ
ֻǵոճ뵤Ȼֲֹ̫֮źزнǱҶҲڴ˴ûعһͳ˹ݲ㷴֮Сˡ뷨ʱһʶ
֮һܲͿ̿ʱһȺȺħĴڴ׷׽£޹צ֮¡ʱһȺȺڽǵµۣ״е˳֣ʼħ
Щ˺Ͷħһǻܹ죬̤˺ѵصĴڡһս֪˶£ǿ飬˺ѣ鰧һеһƺ˥ܺͼ֮С
ʱȻһתһӴķյĿռ֮Уڤڤûκڣڼս˫ϵ£ûֹͣ
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ѵ˵ϹűһδϹĩٵβɡﶼܵħ֮ļһиң뵽˴һͷһǽϢҲͰˣȴ뵽Ķ
Ҫ˼ʱһȴȻʱǹؼʱ̷̣Щɻ󣬻عӹ۵¹עͶ֮С
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ħ֮ϹŴ񿪴Ѱڽδʱ̣ӴޱȣǼĴи߶Щ׽⡣


һ 
ܵд͵֮һԼ޷Ԫ㣬һȸ£ģ̫Ϲȴɣһһɫ԰
û뵽һžȻҪ˾ƽҲͰˣħ֮һʲô鶼ܷʱһ㷨Ҳ˷ѣȻˣ֮ɣ
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һԪһɣ̱һȻĶ֮УȻѸٴ̫ϹеĲ
һԪ̫Ϲ˶оʱһħıʦĵ֮£ѧơһģȴڰָ֪˸޷
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һǽġĩ֮šƺܵʲô̼һ㣬Ĳϰ߲ɫʼ¶ͭɫĹžģ
֨һ죬ĩ֮šڿһŷ죬һŨ̳žԶϢ
ֻûһ˱ܿ˶ŷ֮УƺѰʲôȻŷֻ֮һƬδ֪ĺڰûһջĿ⣬¿©һһᡣ
ۼĩ֮š󣬵һۿȥһƬڶʲôͫʶ㡣
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һȻǽ߾ȫħ֮еǱȫ󻯵ǿĴۺʵڶǿʵ֮ħ֮ħһУͥħһ峹׽ɱСǷһʵʩʱ
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ݵ׼һ򣬵ڶȫӹ󷨣ʽĩ֮š̤δ֪ħ֮
֮գĴԼᣬһӣһ̫ϹΪ󶥼֮һҲλСһ£Ĵʿͬʱĩ֮š˹ȥ
һη·ʷϢһڸо²ȵʵأۿȥͷʮպգС״ķ½УǷ½϶ʱָֹ״Ӱӣ·һ硣


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Ϲšִ֣ʿ˵һֱһߵĴʻ㣬Ǵʷϵ۷壬Ȼ۷һֱǵ͹ȣû˲
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ֻܶʱһ¶ʵһ¡һħ֮߾
Ϊħ֮ϹŴԱΪۣڷӡħһڡǧ֮󣬲ӭһߣԿ˵ǳ֮⣬ӽϹʱڡ
ֻϹ˽˼䣬ûǸϹŵĺô鷳Եɣأߵ磬ҲЩ˶ѪĹޣϹŵر𻷾
˼䣬бŨǧִгԭʼϢʣ޴ڣͬǿǧķ֮
˵ǰ˻ָԪӿǧٱʩչǧٱѲڷϣϣԲħһ㡣
ѵĳ̶ȣ÷񼶸˵˺ѿռ䣬˲ϢŲǧû⣬ڴ˼䣬ǷݵصֶζʩչΨжɽٸ֣ܵͿշУɢɼſԳСŲƣΨɵ֣ܹǿ˺ѿռ䡣
ʲôصĴֶΣ˵ɣˣҪڴ˼һһɽͷʮѡɴ˿ɼһߡ
˾ڱûеĶҲ̰ԭӵȴʧȥĶȴʮԸᡣݵķʩչһȥЩֱôܵ
Ϊ˿ղѵʱȴҲ˰˷ܲѣһԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣ǾķżÿһǸϹŷţǳɵ֮·ߵĶǽ𵤾תԪϹ·
ȷִ˵Ȼǿ۵ҲҪѰٱܺҲ㲻ʲôơһĹ֮⣬ѰִĽԪӤ֮
ħ֮һ޽ӽϹʱĻһϹ֮ƾȫֳƽ޷ʩչģǧٱֵͬĻۣʱͻʵʵڵȻͬѹƣԻʵ˽һ
Ҫ֪һʱһкɨɺڵɴԲĸ֣ʵһټ߷Լɾɼ鱦޽Ѿսɽһġ
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ڴõϢħ֮Ϊ㣬ڲǺĽڣܹħһ壬Լӡֶζ棬ֻҪУ뿪еۡ
㱾ǷϹžģΪһսɢĴɢֻǧСսڣҲ˵Ϲűħʬд棬ǧУͬʱڵĻпڲۡ
ǰҪ飬Ȼɨ㣬õôҿڲۣһۿ㹻ܹҵڲķ󷨽ƣħһ˼䣬մսͷӡ
ΪּķͲгһ֮ΪⷢҪĦᣬķ򻮷˸Ե̽鷶Χķĩ֮Զĵؽ磬ҲǸ
û֣֮Ѹɢȥʼ̽飬һƣûǿưţ˼򵥽֮ͷθСɢȥ
ħ֮Χʮֿ㣬һС㣬ǧɢ䡣
ķΧĴҲ㲻ʲôֻ̽Ҫÿһ綼øɸɾͳǷƣΪ˶޷ɶݣɽڲܹԷҪԽ;УֻΪɢɣԼ˲ܴﵽһʹ޷Զǿ̽顣
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ˣҲͰˣԸ㣬ûи߽ʿСԸ뽻ûйϵĴϣǵġ
ų֮ʿУħ֮һƬؾһ鸻ĶûпѹĴŮأ˵ġػšܿͶǵ̡


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ЩΪħ֮棬Ѿϰ˴˼ĻȻȥ棬ʵҲͶħ֮о͸һһ˹һ㣬ʵɡǴܹУײгԣػû߳Զ
ֻǵһЩޣʵСûһǻۣͲػŵĶ֡Խ룬޵ҲѸﵽоǧңͿʼֳȺӵĹޡ
ÿػŵ˶ܷԸЩȺ޵Ҳ¡ϧΪǣƣǿʱ˴˵ĸܹ⣬ֻܸɿšҴ˵ǸҲܷӳȫʵԾʹ˲鷳
˵˶֪ħ֮ĵطԽ룬ܹıغżԽáʱ޵£ȥھͶ˵ż缯ʱ׼һ󱦲
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ڷɳ㹻ԶʵΪ鷳֣ʣʮػűĬķֵ𣬸߸·
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ֻһĴ֮£̫ϹһУ˵ͣǰͣ˼ûУֱ㶵ĳǰС
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һȻˣȻûбʾʲôȴЩϼһ߿˼̫֡Ϲһмԭ·߼С
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һԣʱѩ˼˼һתͷЦ˵ǲŶɱڸ˵ǲЩȻѩͷƷƿϰæٺòˣ
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һ ̫꣬
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ŮĲٿ£ֻ֮ת졢ءˡħֻ֮ҵֻų·С½ˢȥ
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ȻڳˢһʱС½һ΢ɲоһ仯һѩͺƷĵ˵ͷ
Ů״΢΢һЦٴδ߶ʼڶγˢֻһΣȻڲеĶȴǲϳ
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һǹһ˿Цݣϵҿˣѣҽӡѵ˲ɣʲôôܻڣҪװŪٸҳɣ
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㣬㣬㣬ʮƴϣٴηӡ֮أĶû뵽Ҳн죬ãããҪ֪ҵ
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ŮԼĿ⣬һ˵ͷԶ˲²ʾͬ⡣ͬʱһ֣ʮƾһЩϡ
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ѩŮʹҪ׷һȴ΢΢һЦסǣָָա̫ڣһƬͷ£һͷʮɼ˭ˡ
ȴ˵̫걾ʵҲǲħ֪֮£ռʱǷһһվѣҲױ׽á
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෬˼֮ħ֮Ϣй¶ʮ֡Ӧħ𣬶Ҽ˷ӡΪʲôϢ
˼֮£ȻԼǷа񡣵ãŷ֣ԷϢȻħһмơ
ΪˣʱٴǰǡһΣûҵаӰǷһأҲһеĳħ֮ߣҲܣҵаڡ


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ԭһڵڶǰǵʱʱΪûоκˣǷӡаڡ뵱аĲͬƻָаٲ©͸˵а
£ǻֻһõȥһͬ޲ƵľȻǵõ˲֪ʲôط˿޷Ľƣȴܹ̽һ˿鿴
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Ҫľǵʵʲô򵥵ķӡƣһڶ쾧ڣȴָڶ쾧֮ϵĴڣǱģһƬ޾ǿաҲΪʲôŤתͼķʽ޸ԭ
˵һǿһǿ֮Уͷ·ħ֮ͨеġֻͨȴǸ߼ҲϸµĴڡ
֣ټϵаϴħϢԼħһڡħ֮ڵĿ϶ʱһܡ
Ǿνġħ֮ϹŴһֱһ֮еһƬǿաһ档ħһܹ֮õħ֮ڵϢ¾а񣬻ڣ˶߸ңͳˡ
ͬҲֻĽͣ˵Ϊʲôħܹ֧֮ŴսΪΪ֧šĲ²ͬ˵Ϊʲôħܹ֮һħΪΪħ֮档
ȻܱҲֻǲ²⣬һûȫȷħ֮һƬǿվȻϵϾɵͼΪƵʱ
ȷܵһûн֮Ϊħ֮Ĵڣ˵ÿĻǿĻ˵͵һᣬһռȻ㹻ô춨ܻĻᡣ
㲻ǱģǵаҲ̫ꡣԵɣһܹõһħ֮˲֪϶ôǸ˻ͼһ
ҲǳĿģ¶˾ģ۱ҪȳϹͼϣǶӦλа񼴱㱻ٴηӡҲܻôһѵõı㣬äĿѰ˴˭֪Ȼײͷʣץס⻹̵̫ꡣ
һУŮһʱһΣһʱ֮䣬ѩƷƣŮ̲סУ˫ðǵĿԼϵһ״ЩԲס
Ƭ̣һҲصǷ½ϣѰֿܵżҲ˵ԼĿģָֻʮɵȥǣԼŮ޽֮ȥˡ
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̫ǻЩãȴҲ֪Ҳãͣתһ
㵽ʲôˣʱ㻹СĸΪζ̶ʱܴңѵôȥȫı̬ɡ
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һ֪ԼסԷ㣬ȻһЦǰĽܣһŮܵĿɾǸ̫ҩĵҩ
һ̳̫ϵ̫һĵͳ˵ȴжϾϹʱҲ˱Ըֵҩ֪öࡣھ˵ʮ˿ڵģ̫ҩ鵤
鵤Ϊ򵥣ҩ̫׳֥һöϡ̫쵤ˣҩ̫꣬Ҫݣ顭иѪ̫Ϊϡ
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СƤһüͷһ壬Ȼ²ħһõϢпܾСƤȷûдϢǵûаģоͷһ
ԭǾǳСƤ֮⣬ħ֮п»бϼһڣѯСƤʱȴȴʮ˾ܿԷǸСƤ֮ϵĴڡ
˵Ϲһսڶ񸶳˲شۣܻʲôڴ˼䡣ȻСԴЩԳ֣δû˿ħ֮вȫıأͬΣķȻˣҾ͸ҪһΣ֮ǰǿʵֻҪǿܹһеʱʲôΣʲôıƶ㲻ʲôˣ
һˣһæȥټˣҪͣͷ뿪תͷСƤǹһ˿Ц

ȻһҪʮ񣬵Ϊ̫ϹȨԼǷĵڣȻżԹ֮ܿ컹ûʲôջ˼ٴοΡ
һ֮ǰһ·벻ͬһ˷Ϊ·ʮɼֵַ·ͳмһ·֮ƣָķȥ
һ˽ʱ䣬·ȺָҵطšڣȻǱǰǻ߷½СԵƶڡ
˵ˣ̫ϹҲв⡣һֻһڣߵڡ
õ̫ϹӼ㲻ҲִУʼʩչֶΣ½ھͿ̽һգûнûнڵգ˶ð׷ʱһϢ˳
ԭһ̫Ϲһֳڵһƽƣƿ֮󣬷һŹֵĶΪûʲôôͳɼһϴʱϴȥ˳¶ǶĿȻһöƷĹűӡ
ϢһʱȻ󲨡˵һöƷڸ̫Ϲ㲻ر󣬵һűǾЩ˵ˣԴھǻǧʯ򣬻ᣬǾȫһˣǾ˵⿴۵ķ½澹Ȼб
һʱ䣬бصϢֶߣ̫Ϲһʼھ򣬶۽ָҲͰˣĸֿǲ㣬Ϣﻹиһʱ֮䣬ھ̫Ϲһ
ĶܿڶԼ׷׳¯ʮɼֵϴЩﶼָԭ˵ǹűƷͶƷߵﵽƷűֵ鱦޼
Ҫ֪鱦Ƕɽٸֶ۲ĺöھôջջͨǰһǱصĽɽ
־ʮյھȻûб֣һƴ֡̽飬̺֮д
мڴˣɼѹ󷨣˻֮УƻŦգƣ𡣲׼Ѿ˴סʱЩһûܵ
֮ʱЩ֮Уűټȼǲͣ߻һɽһʲƸֵлࡣõһвǶ̶һʱ䲻ʱ÷ˣϲѡ
ȻϲһջʱʹһֻȥһٴδѶָһص㡣һεõϢ֧飬ûа㲻
ΪһͷһȨǰȻ㹻ĺôͣٺףûУٴοΣǰһء
ȴ˵֧ھ򲢻úôʱһһֻѾһӴ½ڣ½ǹİ棬Ѱ˸ҲСƤͼָ㣬ɾҵ
ķ½һָָСƤʵ˴ɾ˵һ֮ڣ󱦲صˣ
СƤԣЩĽĿ˿Ƿ½ݺݵĵ˵ͷүˣСƤΪ˶ܣŶΪħ֮߳ϵĵط߹˴ҲȻΪڵħ֮Ѫɻ䣬޷УҲ޷õʲôô۽֮ԣһǿģСƤҶ϶оıڡ֮֮ǰһƵѰͼֻǶǽƶ̫ǿҲʺϴүЩȥ򡣡
һΪ·򱦲أǸСƤ֪ЩػֶǿȲպӦʵķ˼Ϊػֶ̫ǿʧֿ֣ԲЩС˷ʱ䡣˿ԴﵽҲõĶħ֮Դôķ
СƤٴο϶˵ͷǹһ˿ЦݵãȻˣҲҪԿһͰ𵽵жٷ


һһһ һͰУ
һһ֧֮٣ԼѩƷƣ̣СƤԼߴ֮⣬ֻһ˲
һΪǿûɼ֣ɢɺͶɽٸʮˣȫǷ֡ȴϸѡͨ󷨣ƣѧĸ֡
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СƤָ֮£һһ˲̤һķ½ͨ󷨵̽ͨɨ䣬ܿҵһ½ڿȻڷ½һӴĽȺƺػʲô
Ϊ˲˷ʱ䣬һֱӼ޽һǧʱ⣬һʵɱӣȻҲû޽սպյı
Ƚ֮ǰõɽУŲöʮĸСıԴϴħõ⳥ҲרΪ׼һݡټһÿ˶ɽٵʱ򣬷ֳһ׽֮
޽˵ѾƷǼ俪ǣٱʹã֮󣬽ӽһԼʹñ֮Уص֮ͨ¡
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ᡯһƿգһأǷǧٱؼӲʯһۣһռѷ죬һ½ͱгһһС飬Сһ鱻׷ɶ𣬴һ飬кڣһСᣬһĶֳ
һĻҲͰˣħܹ֮쵽ʱ˶𾪲ѡСƤɫһ䣬õСƤԹͶ˴үȻүһնСƤҲֵס°
˳ԾʱһȻ˳ȥһﴦܵȴǿĲ˵ͷһնȥ
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˵䣬һװУ̤̫鲽ͳ񳲷ȥۼҪ񳲣˻ٴδֶֻٲܶеڶЧ
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һѽӹᦣвƵĽƾȻԼƽһģһʱȻԭ˴ĽԷΪй
ԣ֪֪˰ս˷ڴʱǡ֪ЩƵϸһ˼һתദרԷƽһֻҪʦʦƽͿرܼһء
ʦʦݣһǼ򵥣֮ͬʱתƽͿرķţȻЧ㽫˷֧֮󣬶Լʼƽ


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žкųɣǧɡɶڶ֮£ÿһн֮ϵĸ
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ǰһֱ··ȥľЩǧ֮µżһżĹǧ֮һ
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⻰˵꣬ŷɾķ˲ͣ£ǵһеħһ壬ô֪ҹڵ飬֪ǵݡ
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һһ˲֮Ѹٳ֮һһεĺɫҺУа˲併
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Ȼħһ壬˭Ҳ֪ҿԸǣһᡣ֪ǧû޸ѾȼɥʧʶˣֻҪǿϹ鸽ҿԽһڤˮظǻָȻǲϣ˴Ҽһ¡˴ֶҲǰ׸ʱ׽Ǿܽڤˮأ˵ܽ˱߶ˮ׼
⻰ûлػһһ⻪һǰһƣһͷǣ˵
ͷдǹ鸽ҲǲԣȽڤˮһ£ʵֵܾ͹鸽Ҳգǲʵǵնɱ㡣
һԣȻԥĵ˵ͷ̧־ͽڤˮ˳ȥȷʵΪʧޣƵﻹûʲô壬֪壬Ƕͨһȥˡ
һǹһ˿ЦݣһͰ𣬵ˡ


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ܿ죬չȥڤˮڲһ仯ͼԭСڤˮѿһ϶һһΪǷŵڤˮطɿŤ仯վȻ֮ǰ
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໥ƣƺһ˵⻰㱬һЦ
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޴СΪЩֶοƳЩѵܶԸֵܲɡһᣬǸһᣬһһĻᣬһɱ㣬һбĻᡣ
Ҳж£ҲһɣԾܹתˣһǿգڤϾ˵תֻأӳȥܡϾһ߻ᣬǺİɣ
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ԣͷǵȿڵСӣѵѾŵôʲôسŵ㻹ǹԹȥɣʹЩ
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˵һһû˵ȥϹβ˼һʱ䣬Х𣬾Ȼͬʱһɱ
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˵һһ󷨾ٴζһٲǳһɱǶ׼˶Է˼ȻҪ˫ײȥʶ
ʶ֪ٲǿ֮£һ˵Ը鸽Թһ˵ţǲ
ֻһеľȻû˿ҡһһָ͵ؾͶײ˹ȥʱзʶЩûһ㣬һȻըڸһ
Ƭ֮һɿ絴ɢһԭأֻ϶ʶûڣȻǱһҲˡ
˵еһȻһЦ׹ɷᦣһϧǽǿ޽䲻ֱӽ»Ҫ֡Ҳã˵ʶɡȻδһһأֻҪ㹻֮㲻ܳΪɼ鱦ָԭ״Ҳǲܵġ
뵽˴һĵ˵ͷһ֣ͽɨһܣ׽ãƷ׷װ䣬ֳͺͺһƬȻ˴ûȤתͳȥ


һһ ҹ
ùһѾʮ⣬׻ƣ߿գȻ֧ıﶨȻȲȻҲŹԴͷڣѰ˼һ£ͳСԸҲļߵ֧ȥ
߽֧·ֻѾƻĽƣǰһ·ͨޱȡ֪ȻԼڵֶãͷ֪ԼѡһȷģȻһЦ͸ȥ
ΪһϰѾƿҲʲô¾˼ڡʱһڷƽǰһƣƵĶ棬һǿԪȻҲ
ǲȫڽϣѵصĲһ󷨣ͬ˶Уһֹܹⲿֹ֣ķߡ
ĳֵһûԵ˵ͷͳһ֧ȥڶ֧ѩ죬ѩǴʦһ־ֶͨΣרſƹ۰֣Ӧڼ֮ϣһԿһۣҲûг档
˺󣬵Ʒƴһ֧ѩ൱Ҳû⡣ڣһ뵽Сӵ˶깬ֳͨͳʵ֮ǿںƷƺѩ֮ϣͲ׼ڣŲ±ϵݣȻȥ
ȻǰʱѾ˳һƣʼȡʤʵһʹҪߣʱͻֻһͷ½ףĹ˳һоһȡͨȻһ֮ס
ֻҲǲһ㣬ѧˡǬȻССһȴƱٱһˡԪ֮󣬽ƾֻһܹѹ֣ҲԽס˭֪ﲻܹУƾһʤ
ԴˣǵŭϲƽʩչӳǹﾹȻҲԽսԽͣУȭצȻ˿·硣
˶ֻԹۣ岻֣֪ݡڰһȴⶫ񲻾Ǵ˵нʬĽ൱ɸֵķҹôȻڹȴʬ·ڲó˷ģЩǶǣ˵ʬȴּζĪǱΪʲôֶƳ
뵽˴һҹɫȴû֣ѡԹۡҹϰ֮ڻȻһЦֳ
ҹһЦȻٲܷҹ棬ͳһ˹Ƿҹô࣬ץ
һΣצӻû£ͱססһצģһö覵ͷǣһ»õİ׹ʲô
ˣͷǺѵɣ˿ûԼʧ˵˼һЦߵһǰ
һ״Ҳûֵ˼ͷһЦǵոģֻ⻹ֻһ֣ȵָ֮ȫ㿴
˵䣬һתͷڹ׹ķҹ棬һ׹ʱʱ
һ䣬׹Ȼܻһ׹⣬ͷͳҹȥǷҹƺסȻҲƬ֮󣬰׹ʧǷҹԭءһһ֣Ƿҹͳ˹ٴλ׹С
ȻҪѯʣһһЦΪΪϹŴսܴûлظȴˣͽظ˽ơһϹžǧȥ˼ǳˣȻı֪ôǶǵķҹ棬ҪԴΪǣ֮޳˵һǰҲŴҹڲ׹ĽϢ²һԣȻɹȻˡ֮ǰǵʶҲǶԵģϾֹ֮鲢Լ죬һ˫нǱңҹϣȻͻ֮ȴκԷ֮ע⻯һڶɼ֡
ҲȻ£ɼʮ˷ܡ֧ȻˣѸתսһ֧һҲͣʼԼѰϾõӦ߷ҹŶԡ
˺־ʮյ̽һż̽ϣԼķҹ֮⣬нʮټűԼϹŹص䣬˶ҲݡһҲʮ˷ܡ
ֻСƤʱ൱żȻǧϵż˷ܵʱ䶼ûУͣĳһڼ۶ȥ


һһ ˶
ν±һһħ֮֮У׼˶׼ħһսʱǰѰɺۼչȻħ֮ĸܲ׽õ̫СƤһͼ
ΣΪħ֮л㹻ĺôûһ㣬רŴɾӢǰǧѡһ˲ǰ˵Щ˲ŶУЩ˲ţƽƣñٶȾͱȱ˿
֣ѾռȻټͱ˸Ӧħ֮Զʵһ˱ضԼ̫ϹķԾһ󲽡
ڹ֮СƤָ·֮£һ·ħ֮ڶ֮䣬ЩûбڵĵطмһˣЩﲻĵطͱ֧飬ֻסЩСƤָпʮַıء
ȻСƤһŻͼûһʧָڣʮа˴ζ̺ϹŴıأ͵Ķǹһˮ׼ߵӽš
ЩϹż֮УһһлűٵԼǽӽŵļż֮иӸ߼Ĵڡ
һʵѾõܹѹͨû⣬ҪԸһɸƵǾЩ׽⣬Ϊ˼Ͳ˷ʱ䣬üβò˱ܿȥ
˭֪ڵĴȻнɵǧ֮ѵõġ۽ڡһȼĽ
Ȼһûлһ򽣽ı¡ʧȥ˵ķɽ߾ĽͽͨԿơԾһս֮ն˵һͬҲɷɽ
Ǳ˵õɷɽһǧϡ᲻һ㻵ˣΪ޲нҲǲܡ
һͬ˽˫ޣ޽Ϊ˫޵ĽнǵͨʱķɽȻǿǿӣȴҪԭʮ๤ѡɷɽ֮޽֮С
޽ǾǾ㾡ȫħǾָĿ˷ŷշתһ£죬һħͬޣħ֮һ߶ȻƵģһɷɽȥ
һȻսȴһ޽ʽˮ׼ﵽһ˽˫޵ı״̬
һһΪҲֻһţʹսٴοԽһ棬ﵽսҲǲ·硣
ˣǵת򣬸ϻԭڣսһƾԪۺʤ֮⣬漸Ϊǰսͬѩһ㣬׷׶սʤ֮ʹж˺ü˼һ
ȻһҲһ˳СƤָ㣬ʮа˴ζ·δ·ҪôʲôûУҪôʮ鷳ϹȺ׷ɱ
鷳һȻһһ˽Ϲħһʬķ½ϡһпŶúõģһ׼˿ʼʱħʬķ½оȻɳһȺǧͷﵽɼĹޡ
Ҫ֪ɼĹޱͲȺӾ͸ϼѡħҲֻ·һ
һͿǹûЩһ£佫װܡ̫鲽һɶ׷˵һȺޡԶ˺üȦ֮һȺɼ޶˦ѡ
СƤ󡢱Լʹ֮£ɱһǹͷϹħʬߣһȺɼ޵ϳ
õһͷħʬ˵Ǽߣһ˵ȴһСıءȡ֮ħ򲹳Լò㣬ħһ˽˼֣ͬʱԽѪƽָСƤСҺСͬСֱͬϹԨԴĴ
һѪ⣬СƤҲͰˣǿ˱ССҺСֱٴνһݲͬξٶûУ൱ʿڵľż൱ѩǶһ㡣ʵǶһħѪԿˡ
֮⣬֧Ȼһ·һӰӶھĶһϵĶνοЩȻһʣµģȷʵѵõıء
˶£̶깦ǷıѾ˶߼ϵĹűͷװһΣЩĸֵõЩôһͶ̫Ϲ
ŵĻʮλɼְ֣֮㣬ǴһףվȻһսһɼҲ˶ۡ


һһ ֣
ħ֮һƬǿգ޾ķ½˹Ĵ֮⣬ûĩ֮š󿪣ĴĸֽУʱ仯ħ֮Уǧ겻ƽڱơ
ת۾ʮͷȥĴֽħ֮Ȼ鷳ڽͬʱҲõĺôϹűʵʧ伮޲ǶʧĴС
˵ʮʱ䣬нˮƽƽ˰겻ֹЩôȥֻ֮һ֣ĴҲʼת䣬ħһɳֻǰһǹǰֻͻȫû
׻ƣͬףѡʵǿĴ֮нȻɽѹƣûܳʲôӣСȴƵϡ
Ƕķ߾ϣ֮ǰΪħ֮ʮֿ㣬Һ̽ȫ֮ޣżԽҲգȴĦϵ֮ء
֮⣬ñ͵伮ͬɵʵȻͬȴвͬķȡһСżڵıأʵȻӣԽеżʡ
һԭСΰԼĵ̣ǲֻܾܾԱĴڲҲָ
Ϊʵ仯ĴҲɥʧǼȥħ֮ңĴڲ²ħ١
һգħ֮һƬǿУһݹХϸȥȻһɵ¥࣬ȰˣΪһһԭ̫Ϲ󲿶֮УԴһ֧
һұ¥һϹǧ֮һšż֮еõȻֻȴѵ˷ɶݵս෨Ȼȴ죬Ҳݲ֣͵ˡ
һǵĿĵСƤƼһͷ½ͨСƤһ²ô㲻ٵڼżҲǧжĴڣĲ˵ܹٵõ˵ҲǲС
ֻһ˲ûзɶã⻪ں·ǰɢһɹɱѵԪ˵ǰ
ƶ̫ϹæʾһĿڣҡҡͷϢķһڶѲ⣬̫ϹĿĲΪǽѣ֮ǰһƹȥɣ
ôƶӳŵȥ۽һתֶΣ͸ɴ˹ȥ´һȴ˿ûиɴ˼Ϣüͷ
ԭһҲǵһμˡǰǰһżʱҲһΣԭɣΪʵֲ࣬һҪԾѹһУһӣŴ
ʱһںƽ뷨ֹСһЩߡ˭֪º·ƬʱȴԭӦôڵǿһЩɾȻʣķ֮ǰСɡ
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Ϊͬˣնɱͬǻᱻֽ𣬵ǸԶԷȶΪɣǿվסšɣһҲ޻˵ֻҲûнǸɵĸлȥˡ
Դ֮һ֪Ϊʵӣˣ鲻ôɽ棬ҲùЩ˽ɱһʱֻƵУ֧Ҳ¡
ΪСƤ򵼣ܵõõϢԷ֮Ȼ̫Ϲ˵ӽ磬Ҳʼ֮á
ֻһΣȴʮ֣ƹһ֮󣬺ϺֵַܿڶڶƹеΡڸоԾѵһżڣѾȲɣ
ʱһһʿƬȡϡšֺȻϣ·½½ֳ
һǵս򲻾ãһνϻáһֱûʹã˭֪ħ֮ȻǰŴϢ
ԭһţһڶ֮ĴϢʮͨħ֮Ҳ֪ϢԴ˽׻ȡ档
һԴ˲мһˣջ֮ϵ˺ôžͶʱṩϢҲ˵һΨһϢԴ
һ򣬰ŴѶϢǾ˵ǵ̽ӡ̽ʲôģһϵĵȴϵݡ


һһ ̫Ƹ
һƪϢ֮һ֣룬ҪȥżѾ˷֡ƽʱŤͷߣΪħ֮бûУǱضǣΪһأʱ䣬òʧ
һΣһʱ򣬾Ҫڵת͵˻ȥͻȻһ䣬ǹ¶һ˷ܵЦ
һԵѩŮЩ֣ѩƣǰʵһôˣѵǰŸϢʲôԾô
һԣЦҡҡͷûʲôԾʮֺõϢҲɣ
ŵƬѩŮһǰһֻɻ󣬲ʲôϢһ仰Ҳ׷ǹЦ
ƷæڵϲһˣΪ̫ϵϢҪ㣬ڲܵõ˭֪Ȼǰ
ҲϲһЦΪ̫Ϲ̫ϵȻ̫ϹȴҲ޷ĺôܹһż֮ҵЩ֮ӦıҪһ̨ףһҲͻƵǰ磬ɨ˼һС
һŮһһͷҲΪϲŮԣƬһдǣ˴żϹ̫ϵ֧
Ҫ֪һ̳̫ϵһտӣһЩɰͰ͵ĴУ̫֮Ҳһεõ֧еıҲͰˣܹõһЩǰ˸ָ֮࣬һƿ𵤵תﵽ֮Ἣ
أٵһģʵ鷳ҲҲϷżǡ̫ϵ֧Ȼֻֻ֧Ҫ̫ϵйأ;ûз˼
һҲûıһеĴ˳ȥͣ±ۣʼͨ棬ӰеõϢ
һּۻۣõ£ҲϸϢԭ֮ǰãһ̫ϵ֧Ѿ˷֡ҷֵһ
һҲûʲôڣûܱסܣ֪˭ʲôݳȥ֮󲻹ʱ䣬½ǰ
̫ϵϹĪڵҩʲôԪ󵤣ʲôתϽ𵤶Ҳ۲ѵľɵ
Ǵ˴ֻһ֧ż²ֻǴǶĴ춼Ҫˡ
ȻˣҲͬСɣ׼žӵɸֵĴʮʵСƺ֪ԼûϷȻ٣ֻҪġ
ȻЩϵʮʱÿһͻͽĸжǿڲڰжǾͲö֪ˡ
νͬԩңЩȻͬУȴΪͬһĿģͲܺͺǰв͵Ҳһľ
ЩǿǶ٣һʮںΪżڱصãֻ˽Щż֮г֮ΪһЩ֪ͣͺԥȫ˹ȥ
ΪŵϢ˫ģһĵҲ֪һƵΪ۴󷽷Ŀ˹ȥ
۵ļֵһһרڸ߼żҲԵõԼΪھ򱦲ضڶ֮Ҳѵõı
Աһ־Ŀ⣬ĽҲ̰һ̫Ϲ֮󣬴඼˻ȥΨɻ׼ڡʥźƵ
׼Ϳ̫Ϲߣǿ֮ҰĲҪ׼ȥð취Ǵ֮ǰλܱ˳ϣ̫ϹˣˣĿλǧ̫Ϲ
ֻʮʱ̫ϹһĴ֮±ܿˣ˷ʱķھҪ̫ϹƽҲû취
ټȻ˼ھ̫Ϲδ֣ȻʲôѣһѾ̫ϹǰӣʦµҪ̫Ϲ֣֤ʵˡ
һһȻأȴ˿ںǰǱսΧסľ޴½ͷֻλ̫ϵУʲôҲûС
һűһ·½ȥ״ҵֵƣ׷·Ҳԥһ£һ·һһ˽½Χ
ʱ׼ԼãȻͬʱŲԵսݣ˱ǰһСʥֵɽдһ·Ȼ̫ϹΪѵҪ˹زɣ


һһ ۣͭս
һ֪׼Ҳ磬ͣ±սݣ˵ԭڣʥźƵ֪ҵΪס̫Ϲѵ˹أ˽ȥɣ
첻ǿɵֵ֮ͷʮֲȻɵǹͬˣԹػҪġ
·ĿĲǽ򣬶׼ѹ̫Ϲ棬ǿϷƴʢǲϷǾ͸һѿȥһӣպпսɡ
ԼȻߣȴȶʧֻǹַĹ״սдһ
ظ¾̫ϹɡԲ죬ҵ㣬·迨ǿǿǰɵأ̫ϹҪڴ˴ھżȽ㹻Ĵһִ˴ˣǲҵţ۴Сˣǲţѯʡ
˻һûһѯʣЩ׷׶ڵ˵ʾ֤һͷЦѣⶫ͸·һΪһûн·ѣԲ֪ű˿ǡ߰·
һȻں˿Ҳ뷸ŭڣԭˣĳ̫ϹЩ궼֪ЩأȻѣȻ֪˭ȡ̫Ϲǣ
˻һֳʱһһˬʵЦʥдһʿ˳ϵһһֵ̫ϹԭԺԺͶʥţǴ˴ż֮ˡȻ̫ϹҪô˴ھȨĳҲΪ̫ϹҴҵҪҲӣĳĶҲȱȱһ֮ã빬һΣ
ԭһ֮Ȼ鸽ʥţβ׸⿪ھָҪһ൱ıۣʨӴ󿪿ڣҸҪǣֶ˼ûв
⻰ڳһƬȻпЩߵ˶Դ׷״˵кϷˡ
һҲû뵽ԷȻҪۣ˼һת׹һЦֱֱĶǲɢɵһ˶ΪҪʱȴĿڵżļֵֵñֻۣ֪Ŵֻ̫ϹУŽˣ
ҲǱȳֻϹ֣Ҳ֪ȻͶʥţǾɼһ侲ͷԶһ飬ҡҡͷ̫ϹǶȻһŶۣȻǹùˣĳҲԽһҪֻǹ
ĻȻûгڣ˼ѾԶһɲɫֻǵ˵ͷԭˣȻרΪ̫ϹҪȻܹһƬģˣ۸ǣֻԵƬ̣ȡһķ˵ɣ
ΪһҪʱȻ˵ôһ仰ֳٴλȻ׷ײ²̫ϹʥȻѡЭһ˲䣬˶̫Ϲ۾ͽһΣҲҪһʵĶһԼ
ʼٸߣҲЩͷԣǶһ̫Ϲ˽⣬Ҳýǿҵķǲźüѹ˫ֳìܺͽ
ɫһϲֻǰʥŵİ£˭֪ĿԵõһıòֵ֣ܷüǿΪеʵԺԺԵõġ
룬²׷׵ʱһ˳̶һƬľǾԴͷǷΪЭ˿̫Ϲһ
ԭ۵Աߣһͭɫ޽ֳϼ᲻ɴݣѪ޵еϢɢȥʱΪʿѡ

һд˲䣬ֳȫžսݣʲô壬ǾһͬȼֵĴڡ䲻˵ûг֣ʵͲ²Ҳʮ
ʮ߰˳ɶƿɽƿУĲɢڶУ׼ҲʥӵһҲˣźаԵΪܹѹ̫ϹΪڡ
ֻ˭뵽̫ϹľóôһϷһʱ䣬ʥŵļƻˡǱǱȶԷõôһѵõı
һ㽫ͳҲһֻ˴ƵЬһ˻ȥҲҪ˼ʹãʹҲᱻЦ
һͷһЦ⡮Ԫͭսյõ׼ʹó̫ۣһΪСŵһ˳һ֣ЧȻͬ졣


һһ ʥıԪͯ
ڳһƬ𾪵ľһҲ˵һ֣˷׷׻Ԫͭս֮ϣȻֻٰˣȴ·ǧвұ֮С
վڡԪͭսײһζʱԵøߴޱȣۿ̧һӣ۾ͻЬһСһף㳯˹ȥ
ʱͷȴ̰ûУһġΪʥܹ˭֪̫Ϲ־ó˿ġԪͭսư㲻·磬ʱ̫ϹʱҥŵѪȷ
ôԵѣѵñۻ㹻ôǷĳġԪͭս
һ˵ţҲϲޱı飬ȴͬһ㣬ͷðֽ΢һʱ֪˵ʲôʱһԶԶУסţ˵ͷ˹һָǷ½˱ԣ㣡
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ʥս֮УһͷܣۣӶڽɫ֮ϣ·ݵԼеıۣüͷɫʱһһˣǿֻǻ߹˹֣߽Ρ
ʥţڣɵÿһɺڸ֣֮¡˼伫£ϽջúЩΪʵǱȻζ
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⻰Ҳͷ˵öԣʥѻʷѹɽ֮£ܵ˭֪һȻҵһսݣ¡
⻰û˵֮꣬ȴȫһߴʥİ𣺡һһһһֱɵûг֣ȻɳȾ硣õʲôվֻһСʥվͳһ£ѹķ㲻ҵĵʯȻôǲ֪
⻰ƽһҲվͬҵԸ֧ʥţ̫Ϲ
ʥԣ˵ͷλ⣬֪һһȻһ־ȥ˴ż̫һҲֶΣֻҪ˰ܶأʱҸᣬݴͣʱ򡮳Ԫͭսʥţ౦λѴѡ񡣡
˵˴ƶһһ˿ʥʾǧл˺ʼζԸһ̫Ϲ֪ͱʥһ˳ȥҲ
ʱۣǰ½һǹһ˿Цݣһ䣬ٲͶǷ½ѾƵһӣѾֳһżģֻʱżſڣӰûУȻһ㶼˵ӡ
³簵˵һ鼫ΪǿĽȺʥҶ˿óóȻȥҲֲ˺á
뵽˴һȽͣ¡ԪͭսϢȴԼһżſڡνſڣʵûţһӶӶһƬûС
ν뻢Ѩɵûӣؽ֪ϸҲб֪ⲿûʲôΣգ;˽ȥ
һ붴ѨһŨҩһ˲䣬һжһԪĵҩ̫Ԫ浤
ԭˣ̫Ԫ浤̫ϵ֮еֵҩȻȼߣҲشдǧҩѹֻж̫ϵ֧żˡ
һ䣬ͷҲ΢ϲȻ˵̫ϵҲŰɣˡ̫Ԫ浤Ϣ߳ɡΪʲôɲţǾһ˼䣬͸оЩԾֻôԾȴ˵
Ȼ˵һɿܣҲᣬ𼸷ע⣬ͳǰȥ˲֪Զ̫Ԫ浤ϢŨ񣬼Ҫһööҩʱ򣬱仯ͻһ˲䣬һװֵͯӳǰ
СǵͯԪӭǰ˴̫ϵ֧żķǧ꣬ȴֻΪԵǰܴУԪҵùǰСͯڽܴУһһɥʧ˼䡣


һ˶ ţԪ
һΪʲôɷ׼սһ˭֪Ȼһ̫Ԫ浤ԻͯҿھԼԵˣԼܴС
Ѱ˼һַӦһϲæӦϾʲô̫ϵ֧ǵõУȻܹͶأΪ֮ˣһǻթǲϴӣǳֶԸⵤͯӣ
һȴͬӵͯӳ˲䣬͸оף⻰ͯϹųһ˿̫ϻϢоֻ˵ʲôԵˣȷ¶Ȼթ
̫Ԫ浤̫ϵ鵤ԵҩͯӵֶҲ̫ϵ֮ʹãô˴㲻̫ϵ֧żҲйϵ˼һתһƾͼơ
һϲģæͷԭˣһниңһһʧͯǰ·
⻰ǵͯСһЦæͷǣһȥ
һżƺĳֳӵĶѨһʮ䣬ֱ仯սǡһһˣҲ·ڵͯȴǰŲǰ鵤ҩ֮ɢÿһֶΪ֮һ
Ҫ֪ʦľ绹һ㣬ûһͻʦ磬ԼƳ鵤߲ǰ˼Ϊ˵ð˼ҩѾЩ׾⣬ԿЩ֮пгԽ˼ﵽż鵤ڡ
ͯӼһЩҩӣ˴ܵأ˴̲鵤ҩǹӼ̳˴˴һжǹӵģʱϣӲҪСͯǡ
һŵЩ鵤֮ƶ֮ǰ뷨żҲ˸ȤԪͯ仰ͷһȻͷȴԽ侲ֿܵ
ڶһǰһԼأһƬ֣һȥһлȻʡۿȥȺɽ֮һСۣƣһ˿˿ҩӭȻ
һģָָ⡭
ͯԪæһӣɵפأۣǵƵ鵤ҲǹҪ̳еڣ˵еԪ鵤֮еġԪ
һѾ׼áԪ֣ҲɵͷһͻǹʵľѵǴ˵֮Сһö棬֮٣ٽҵλ޲޹ް֮Ԫ
ͯӱͣһ֪ԪĴڣ˵ͷû뵽Ҳ˽ö鵤Ǵ˵еġԪĵҩһѪоͼУֻΪûнɼֱ֣ħնɱȫҲûɡ
ûɣ
һ⻰ȻͷɸȴҲһ˿źʦ˵㲻ɣǿôһöɵĳ֣Ҳʮˡ
ͯƺһźҲ̾һȷʵˣûгɹžͻһɸ֣һҲھħ֮¡ӼȻˣֻҪ̳бŴУп֮ܽ޲ȫʱȥɾͽɣǱٴ˵ʱˡ
һԵ˵ͷŵͯӼߡ۵ƽ棬һҡ룬һ·ȼɫȻ¯¯ϷͷųǡԪ鵤ĵ
һһԪ鵤˽⣬˼Ԫ鵤ʱͯӾͿʼνܴУ鵤
ԭ絤ͯǰ˵˵֮Уܴеİ취Ҳܼ򵥣Ǿ˵̲صһиʹУҼ̳ɴ˵Ľ
ֻҩͬΪ¯ȫĵĽԪ궼Ҫ֮ںϣ˲ɵĻɡɣǾǲܼ̳Уںͯû˵˵Ҳ֪ȻǱԪ鵤Ϊϡ
֮һͷǻţΪ˷Ҳ֪̫ϵеķ֮бȽϵͶ˵һ֡˵ʧܵĶȽأɳɹʣԸִУҲ㲻ǶֶΣֻ˵ǶĲˡ
ŵϢƣ֮˱棬һнƣһȴǲʧ٣ɵ֣Щһȥأʥɶֹǰǵͯ˵һ棬ЩѵǱ͵˴ܴôˣɵĳɹʣôôҲˣȵжȻô򵥵ģ
Ȼ룬һո˵ʵϵ壬ûܹӵǽȴĵͯӣ˵ͷӦ
õ϶𸴣ͯϲӦһ򵥵׼֮󣬾һ֮ϣʼ¯Ԫ鵤


һ˶һ ħ
Ϊ𣬵ΪˮˮãУΪ¯Ԫһ
һѧŵͯӴڣʼ߶⻽۶Ĺһ˲䣬Ϣãںϣ̧һǰ¯һ˲䣬¯𣬵ͷʼת
һϿŵĵͯǹһ˿ЦһӣΪһ˻ӵû뵽ȻͽôһСһ޷ԲѾ˶ˣֻҪˡ
ͯûаѻ˵꣬ȻЦȴԳǺ£´һһۣͷҲصľͳȥ
ڵͯȥһ̣ȫһ⻪һһ׹ɳ߼ʧĿʼ
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һȻ̫ϵԭһħŵ̫ϵֻ֮󣬼޸ģڻһƷ
֮һѡΪͺϵֶΣ˵˫֮ҩ塣һɹ֮ͬҩ̶Ⱦܴﵽٷ֮٣ʺˡ̫ϻ
ΣһΪħŵӵмΪԵԣԸһпֵܳаֶζмĿƣҲһ˵ļ֤
֡˻ĺϺ͵ķһ־ͳǵ¯˳ȥһ˲䣬ʹﵽˡ۶Ҫҹܴﵽĵ¯ڲһۿȥ¯һöɫһ鵤һɹϢ뵳·Ҫһ顣
飡
һҲ̲ס̫ͨϵ֪Ϲʱ˵Ļһɴ磬һ棬ɴأ顯
ܹƾմ磬ƾͷ֮нһٶ棬֮ܽ⣬ΪȫĴڣڽдԭʼ飬һԭʼҲͽ顣
˵һԪ鵤֮һ龰󣬶ʱѡ侲ϸ۲죬ͷڡԭЩȻ˸ָģһûһһһ̾ʧֶĴڻҪ
ԭˣһöԪ鵤ȻûɣԲûﵽĵزѾǽɼĴˣ˵źδҵĻᣬȫԪ鵤ұ˵Ⱦָһ¿¶Ҫǡ⻹һԪ鵤ȫԸδûлὫ֮һҵȫΪԪ鵤ʱҾͿԽ֮ͻһнޣֻҪɾͽɣϵȥã
뵽˴һ侲һҲͷһȣæһ¯֮вûʲôԥĽš˻ĺϺ͵ӡԪ鵤˹ȥ
һ̣˻ĺϺ͵ƷЧ˳ɵİڰֳ֣Ԫ鵤֮赲Ĺ⾡赲⡣
ǽɸֵųⷴӦҲΪһ߶̫ϻģԪ鵤Ϣ˾ųɾţʣһ֣һ˵ûá
ȫתͬһӣĳԪ鵤˹ȥһ֡һʱ͸һɣʱ͸˵ڶ㡭ÿһ㣬ٶȾͻһ֡
Ȼٶ˿ֵöҪһûʹȫԭһ·̫˳˳öЩղסˡ
ʱţʱȥһ͸һ㣬ԡ˻ĺϺ͵Ԫ鵤ڲڽһ˲䣬ĵɵһƵĳ嶯ҪԼУΪһӡ
˲ͻָľףô£Ԫ鵤ɵû˵ֹѵ˵
뵽˴ʱһЦ޾ĵɵ֮ԳһӰòǷŵԪͯ˭ˡ
С䣬û뵽㲻ܹͻƵ¯еĿܽԪ鵤֮УֵܹסġĻڵ󷨡ãܺãⵤʮϳˣ㲻ͨˡϧǣȻ˴˴ҲӲģԹԽһжҰɣֶΣŵԪħ취
Ԫͯһ֣ͰԵޱȣһ˵Ļᣬ֮һȻƳһֹ֮ǿʮ֮κһǿ


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һһ˲֪ԼԵʲôĴڣνħ鵤ɵ֮֮ħȾħ飬ͬʿ֮еħޡ
Ϊ屾ԸӴ⣬ħ֮ħӲп׺ݣǵ̳ԣǿԼ
ǰͷħԼԷʩųĵħ֮ƥƣһͷһݡһʶƴգһСľǻɢ
Ҳ׼٣һӣ̫ϻԪ롮˻ĺϺ͵֮У˲佫
ħǲмһЦܿ죬ЦݾͱѿΪӦԷͻǾԪ鵤ϡ
˭֪һצץȥ˵飬󲻵һͺϵľס˲ܡ
ţ
ħһɣȻŭҲûͣµ˼һצһһһеҪһͬͺϵľһͬ
ʱһҲʼ׼õֶΣԻһ󣬱׽ɫ⻪ͷŵڶצ͵سһƬ⻪һצٴεֵס
ʲô
ħһ۾Ϳɫ⻪ԾԾȴûа¡ֻһͣ˹ȤĿһһۣȻЦСӣû뵽ɶûм˵˲ٱɵĸ˰ɣֶΣȻ¶һֽţΪ˱ⱦˣҾͲòˡСӣڵˣ鵤֮УΪҴҵһ֣͸еҰɣ
˵䣬ħִһָ֮Ԫ鵤֮һƵͳһƹһ֣һסҪ˿һ˲䣬·𴥵һ㣬Ȼáһ˲ǵͲס
ǣһһɵĿǵħ
Сӣû뵽ɣ̰ͼĵҩʵͱֽţΪ˴߷Ǳʱӷ㣬ȴǿ꣬ڵˣ
ħЦѣһԪ鵤ĵ֮£ƺûаſ֮Ԫ궼͵Ԫ鵤ĵڣήҲʱҪ
ʱţһ㣬㡭һʱʱʱ䣬Ԫ鵤ڷһԪǵħֵǣһɫȻЩѿôãûпݽߵļ
óԪһҪֵʮˣҲã֮󣬱͵˾ŰپʮŸ飬ܹ֮˼䣬ưˣô£Ϊʲôɬ֮У
ħڷ룬׼תԪ鵤ģȴԼ˲ȥˡһſݶʱ䣬Ŀһ
Сӣѵ㣡ܣƿصԪ鵤ɵ˼ûֻܹܱġףôܣԪôܲɣͬԪ鵤ĵ
һ̽һϵħɫٴδ䣬Ԫ鵤֮ʣ³ǽɣ޷ڼ˾Űٶˣ֪ΪԼһϵΨҶ
Ҳˣŷĵһ˭֪һȴǰʯͷԼĽţԷȻȻǵħҲǵ飬һԪ鵤Ҳֻܱ˿Ƶˡ
ܣ㵽ʲôˣħһ߿һҪջЩһĵ
ʲôˣһ֪ԼļıƣһץסЩ÷ɣһ߻̧ͷǹһ˿ЦݣȻǵħվԪ鵤ѵ˱ɣ
ħһ㶣ǣ̫ϵӣ
ӣһҡҡͷͲʲôˣ̫ϵ̫֮󵨵ħ
˵䣬һһͷһŻӰ֣̫֮ʲôһĻħƺ˽ţһ̫֮ţ̫֮
һ΢΢һЦעԼԪңԱȰ鸽òʶҴ񲻿ϧ
˭֪ʱħֵ˲仯ϲ֮ɫеããã̫֮㾹Ȼ̫̫֮֮һλͨ쳹صϸ֣Ⱑ⣬㣬Ҿ̫֮ϰ
˵ħһ˫һӣԥǵնϣһסԪ鵤زһֻצͳһץ˹ӾȻҪƴһһ̫ϵմС


һ˶ ޵Уħ
һһ¶ݣ뵤ħֻֽ֮һԪ鵤ħոǴһǵħ̫ϵУΪµ̫֮Ϊħ֮еϰһһħֻƴһһûе·
ΪԪ鵤֮ʶħԪ鵤֮ӵκ˶޷ƣǽɸ˴κ˶ҪܵĿơ
˵˭ܿƣǾֻһһˡΪ̫һǴԪ鵤ĸڣΪ̫֮Ǽ̳̫ϢסԪ鵤ǵܿƣܹסԪ鵤
Ϊ̫ǳԪ鵤ȼѾĿƷΧһսһ֣Ԫ鵤ԹС˵ʱһռݿƵƣħռݵһһħν֡
ŵħϵħ
ħײгԣɱ¾һα˱ȵ㾳أһ֣ҳ־Ǿɱ޾Ԫ鵤·ˣһС塣
ħ֮վСһħΪɣ˻ĺϺͣ
һȻ¶ݣȻбʤİգһ˲һ潫˻ĺϺ͵ȫ߶ԪעУһ˲䣬޾ֵסǵħֶΣһ߶עԪ鵤ĻԪȻķֶԪ鵤
ħΪ飬ȻһֶΣֻһΪ͵Ŀ̫֮ܶʱԪ鵤ȫѹֻҪԪ鵤֮ǰһһоͳ˶֡
ֻõħԾǣǿʮֱǵûб飬ʼĵɵٶȱħͷħͷɲ׼ʱ򣬸ոǣԪ鵤ʱһصˡ
ԭΪһһעԪ鵤֮һȻз޴󰭣˭֪ʱһ̽Ԫ鵤ȻһɵıԴתɫӱħȾĺɫת˴ɫ
⣬ôܣ̫֮ΪҲܻ̫֮ŵĳϣôôԪ鵤
һԣ֪ħԼֶΣҲεŶ̫֮ųϻҪΪԭˣ֪Ĳ٣ѵ֪̫ϵشġ̫ϻô
̫ش̫ϻôܣ˷˶ɣΨ̫֮ɹ㣡
ңʲôѵҲ̫֮ôȻΪһˣһǹһ˿Ц·ͷǾ仰Цħ
ħ˵ʲô⻰ʱһͣͨ˫תһȦ뵽ʲôæжһѹһͳԪ鵤Ͷ˽롣һ˲䣬Ԫ鵤ڣΪһʼħشʱӿһˣȻֵסԪ
ΪأȻҲȡ·ˣ̫ͳԪԪɾͽɣ
û˵ħĹһҲҲɵԪ鵤ĺ˵شѾĿռ䣬Ԫʼ
һȫ߶ԪͬҪǮһ㱼ӿʼħشٶȻȴҲʵÿһشûаħϢܹС
ۼһĻһŵĵħļ٣ܹ㷢֣һֵԪ鵤֮⣬ǻ廯ԪǻΪǵһԪ鵤ڴ˼ʵڻĿ֮£ֻǳ顣
һˣħͷһ˲ӿײеͷںȻЦ̫֮Ϊܹ棬ֻҪɢ㻹ţȰȥҿԷһ͸ơ
һԣ֪ħָĵͯӣż֮е鵤˵Щ鵤ͱħ˷ûκηЩĵħֱӻ
ħ֮ҪһʼƻΪҪ˷ѣΪ٣Ԫ鵤֮УҪħԪ鵤ǣһȻûƼĿڣ˫˭˭Ͳ˵ˡ
뵽˴һȻһЦƣҿȻȰԹԹ鸽㶯ô˷Ҳƣ
һ룬ħ˼ɵһ٣һǽһնĻشҲ֪ûתأһãããȻҪƣǱħͳȫ㣬ħҳɣ
һ˲䣬ڣԪ鵤ΪģһȦɫɢȥԭĵͯɫȻһ䣬һһȦɫڱһϢӷźġ̫Ԫ浤ϢȻħ֮ͬʱһХ֮⣬뵵ĵҩҲ׷ħ


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ħһƵͶ·ֻܽǧħҪһһ˿ơһʱ֮䣬һۣɼ徲֮ؾͱ仯ģħ죬ɭޱȣߣһЦ˷·Ⱥһ㡣
һ̣һȼźɫӰ˷£ͳǡ̫Ԫ浤ĵͯƺһ㣬վ֮⣬ָЩӰ
Ƭ̣֮⣬վ˺ѹѹһƬ˵ٸӰЩӰһɫĿֻܴϢϿԷֱ棬һϼ˲ͬĵϢǿͬĶɢһǿﵽˮ׼޽ӽɡ
ЩӰƺûǻֻۣ㶵ħͯӵĿƣһӣǰԼϷҪң׺ģǿҵϢҲϹŽı¾ʹ˱Ҫ
ڵһͷħҪ뵤ҵ˲䣬һⱩǶ𣬱һӡнɫdֵľ޴ӡƹһ·ħıһ̣֮һӰ߳Ͷڵأģ·˵·ͨ
ħͯӳһָӰõħһ޶ǺȵǺˣȻ赲ĵ·
ӰԣᣬһŷӡһɨǅdӡҲ֮һٱͳħͯѹ˹ȥ
ħͯȻǷ֮ģҲڣΪҪðʧԼһѹһαˣͬʱӰҲʱ˳ҵתӰ˹
һȺħɲˣȵɽɣڽħ֮֮ǰϱ֮Ĺ
һʱ֮䣬Ȼǅdִӡѹ˼ֳ֣Ӱòһİ·˭ˡ
һѪ·ս磬·ж౦ľöᱦƽʹ˽ֻƽһӣòϰ£żϣҲǶԸ翹ʱˡ
һԽԽ࣬ʵѸ٣ǶԸòϰ·һΣ͸оԣԪ˷ܵͬʱҲΣյȼߣȻų·ⵤͯӵһС
뵤ħħҪ·ȻԴĳ֣һ򵱹Ī֮ƣ˼䡣
ħͯȻ֪һһʼͷֶΣ·ԾͬʱҲ֪Լһ޷һһХЩħٲɢ˿룬йϳһɣ·˹ȥ
·Ϊ뱾൱ʵһֻбʵҲͶԸɼ֣ԸЩɼĵħֻбɱķݶЩ궫֣ھֺôԣˣȻȱĺô
һĶͷһ̹ᱦһᱦӰҵʮȴÿһʵʵڵ
ϢĶеƷǿһұģȻɼĲһ
ѵõǣЩƺһףͨӲӣѰɵƶɣǷŷ۶ɣһηŷ֧ż֮ҵб
ۿһº²ŲæһָֻᱦӰ⻪̶ڶһƬȻһɡģ
ʱǣڵħĹպһǳɡӲĽǹ⻪һֱ˼ͳڵħ˻ȥ
һʱ䣬ЩշųĵħôҲûҪһ֣¾ͱæңһЩħһҽоͱɢ鵤ڵء
·ϲޱӡԹԵ᱾̨޳δǳȱβ˵鵤ɵû뱻ħȾñɳΪȻˣҾΪħԣָɣ
˵䣬·Ϸӡһת˫з֣һûмķӡַӡһһɱˣϢɢַӡһһɻֺ׳նγɡ
ħͯƺʲôָŰ·еǣǷͺ¿ôܣһɷϹŴܰ쵽鰡
·ħͯӵĺУȫȫ󶯷ӡʱȴͬϢͬʱ˼ߴ
Ĵȱնȣ
һӰ·˵һ˲䣬ƾ޽ͷᱦҫ֮£ħվȥ͡
һǷʮ֮ͨУųƴȴ󱯣նġնһʩչǵʯҲ


һ˶ Ͷʥ
նʮ֮ͨȻҲѵõͨϾзֻԽɱˣǰ·߶ҲֻܶȻɼµĴڡ
ٽᱦӰ߶ڶӳ֣Ӱٱֹһ˲䣬ЩɼĵħħһɨɫϨһʮģȻ
˴˻ᣬ·ٴνзʱųƷŷһ䶷սʤͨҲǿʩչǾɷӡ
һ˲䣬ЩΪնĵħзǅdֽҫ£׷̤նȥһͿ֮Уڵػһӡ
зǿڼ֮һ֮£ٷ֮ÿһӣͶһԽǿԽ
һɼķӽУǷռʱͱʮǧֱۿ߼ʣȴܸоͬʱӡҲȻɼɼڲǿ
һеķǵʯ֮䣬ԭٶħһҲɼıɢʶԪɼħ½Ȼʼз֮С
ֱʱħͯӲһХʱЩΪնʱĵħ׷תʱѾһɼħз¼µֻжʮɼħĵħ
ħͯɫָ࣬Ű·еɱ
⻰Щûǻ۵ĵħԥֳ·ɱ˹ȥһΪ׼ÿһͷħɺħ棬ֵסⲻ½ǶȻ
·ֻüͷ΢壬ƺʲôվҡҡͷٻشնзͶڵأֻɵĴɡſסңƾЩħôײƿá
һߣԪ鵤ڣһתԪ͹һռλãǵħһߵֵһһ߸Ӧ
·֣ħôܿʱ򣬵ħòһûع˴˻ᣬһûݺһǽǣֻռһɶһĵؽɡ
ħҲ޼ƿʩֻܳ˼һģΪһ޷ƻһΨһϣһԪ㣬ʱѰ·
ֻעħҪʧܣΪ֪̫ϻ˻Ϊ棬ԪΪҩ֮⣬ҩԪ鵤Խ࣬ԪԽͬѩһ㣬Ԫ鵤ԴȪ
ʱߵ֮зɿţʱ䣬һ˵ɺģգĳɣһգһɣ뵤ħƽĿȨ
˴ʱҲ֮ǰȴ취ʼȫ淢Ȼһʱ䣬Ԫ鵤˾ųɣһɲǵħأƾȻ֮ǰת
һһٴηĲȴµħƵüˣǽʱԻ٣ʹúò׵Ԫ鵤һ๤ɾͰ׷ˡ
ֻǵħҲִƢȰ˵ǲƺʶһҶԭ򣬾Ȼһ޿ֵ
һ׼һĵȰ˵֮Ҳһ̬ƣٴδ߶Ԫʼһѡ׷ʹĲԣƺڼʱ֮ڽħ޷Ի١
ħһ޿֣Ҳżֻ֮ԴԪ鵤ųɶһռȥȻһƣѾ˥˼㡣
ۼһıһʳħҲԥǷҪԪ鵤ͬھһһ񡣵ʱһǿıըͨķҲ˽һУԭƳõĽ˴
ǻʱƽǰȻдȴ·ϣһ㡣æзϢ
ȻһȺ˼۵ĴڣƺŵζĲӬԥľͷ˹ټ·Ĺ⻪˵Ϳʼ
Щʥţںɵĸ֣ʥƺȻСһΣǲûֻ֣ɸֳ·Ϻ
·ΪûͬĴڸ޷ƷһȺ㣬Ǳɡ澹Ȼ㲻
ʥɫЩÿһ̧һףһƷɳûױͳɡ
ʥõһʷͳٻ֮ǹ㹻ܹٻɼĿܡȻʥƴҲֻٻɸ֣ƽʱֻٻɸ֣һʮͷҲզࡣ
һȺɼױһųҲʩչʲôֶΣֱֱľͳɡײһȻȫԱ


һ˶ ΧȱһȺԱ
ɼܵԱȻȲɸ֣ҲѰгһɣǧٱܵķҲԽһСʮˡһżȻнػҲӽıԵ
ȫһıɡ棬⻪˲Ͱȥһţ·˴ﶼʧ١
ʥȻЩɻ󵫲ɣХһҪȥ˭֪ʱڲĵħЩ֮д˳͵ʥǰּԵ߶ħȻʥһһ衣
ʥһ뵽ЩǵħֻΪĸħųҪʵʤʵŭٴβٿʷųµһȺɿܣħײ˹
һĻһֱڲħͯۿʥһۣһҲ֪ʲôʮħ֮УʣµһɼħһŤͻعԭΣΪһööɵ
ֻһΣЩɵβˣѧʥĲݷ߱ըҩһȺɼܺ˹ȥ˫ըκһԳأǰһϵĴը㿪ʼˡ
һżǳڷ½룬ܵķнƷѰֶθƻã͵ıըѾѰķΧըУֻ½ߣɺЩˣҲͳԭ·ɱȥ
ֳ֡ʷʥɫ䣬ȻǰȥȴҲð벽ǷҲߣг˼ɵ֮⣬оϲƺأҲзһĴ㡣
ֻǲ֪ʱűըĻᣬħͯѾڶʮɼħĻ֮£Ψһûбƻĵ֮Уͷ¯һҪ֡
˭֪ʱȫһǣϲޱһ鲻𣬶ǰ·ġȻ˫ֺʮһŵӷ𣬷سɷ𣡡
⻰ͯҲȻףԭԼ͵˼ʱһķȻ뱾һһҪûĴˡ
ʱһХһͷ¯һڹ¯ͷǵͯӹȥʱڷէ𣬾ȻǶʮħҪƿȥ
̫֮ħ㱨ģ
һǺڷдǵħɣԭۼԼƻʧܣڶ䱣Ԫ鵤ǣڡ̫Ԫ浤֮ϣħҪѿȥͼպɽ
ҿ㻹ǻɣ
ۼħڶƵңҪѣһϱһǱԪ鵤֮г˵֮䣬̧һץȻʮһŽɫͳڷȥ
ƣ
һȣڷ֮зɳһöڵӣһͷɼħıɵһΣǵըǽɫȥһϹȻƿһ˴˻ᣬڷ˳ſӳ˳ȥ
ȥ˲䣬ǽɫƿڵλãٴγ֣͵һײȻڷײɢ˴룬һҺŭʣһֺڷڴɫʧǱը֮С
һĻһǹһ˿Цݣһץɫʧжʮöĵ裬Ƿһ͵Ϯӵħ̵ɼħԭΣԪֻҪħգָܻɵɫ
ȻԡΧȱһƣԹ˳ҲõԪ鵤ⵤħϹŶ˵ǸլСƤħ֮˽ö࣬վһвպлᣬһȥǡ
һУһվһУ¯ͬԪ鵤ûڣһ߳ңһ֣һĵҲ
ǰһƬòϢıըǹһ˿ЦһεǶлˣһϷƭǸħ
ԭһΪ˲õħǽѡˡΧȱһƣֻΪ˲ϳɾĵħʶƣð·ͷϢȥ˵һżĹذѾͨ
ʥ˾͵һԸ˭֪ʱ䶼ûɻʱһϢȻɻȴҲǰ̽
ʱħҪһȻƣʵ֮ǰҥԡһ£ﻹס̵ǲɱ˹
˲˺ҵ˷ľ£ħȷԼһҲⱻץס˱֮£ʹ¾ģԪ鵤֮г֮زز
һݵⳡϷѾﵽĿģЩȺԱȥһкɢˣֻǺٺһЦ̤̫鲽ǲ㱬ըһ۵İ׹ʧȥ


һ˶ ԶǷǣ
Ԫͭս֮ϣѩƷƣ̺Ů·Ƿ½ȻըģһǲûжΪദǶһѾǾԵΣôһ̶ʲôΣա
ʱһ׹谭䵽װϣԳһ˭ˡһ£ǹһ˿ЦݣϰûУͲǱը
ŮһطǾϲѩϲָָ·һô£
һԣЦһˣʱҳһˣңѾûиϵһεĺô㹻ʵһ̨ףʱħҲȫˡ
⻰ڳȻ֪ʲôôҲǾϲһҲûϸ˵æתԪͭսͳǿȥ뿪ѾΪ֮أ˾ڡ
Ԫͭսһ߶ͻһ⻪ȥתۼͽǲƲķ½˦󣬼̳һܴڴ󱦲صĵطȥ
ûЩ½ӰһŴŮԼߴӽ֮УԼż֮еľ˵һ£㽫һӣһööڻףʮɫĵųƯ졣
νŲһȻһ˵ж鵤ҩڴ˵еԪ鵤ãЩͶа˾żһƷ鵤ɵͼǻǳԾ˵
Ҫ֪֮ȻվΪУܻɵҩȴͬȥֱΪʵʵĺô
վе˸֮֮ȻȴͬһöɵҲΪʲô̫ϵܹԽ󷨵ȴɳΪϹˡ
һõһҩȻҲ࣬ƷȴǸĺãÿһöʶ鵤ɵȫϣ̫ϵҪٵɣʮλҲδ֪ˡ
ȻɵҩķȻҲǳԻƶһ򵥣Ԫ鵤ڣеҩҪ㹻ĳûȻúôԼȱű˵Ҳһô鵤ûһԶַȥ
һð·÷ϴȥЩ鵤֮нȾħûбʶĵһ֮Щɵ鵤ڻָƳɹһöö覣ްʶҲ¶ܱ
ţ͸̫ϹһӰ鵤ɵ֮ѡʺϵİ˼ż鵤Ůߴһöˣø߽׵֮ΪʱҩŮߴߴһͿʼԼ
Ϊż鵤ΪʣΪʹﵽ֮壬СԪ壬˳ɵҲԳֻһӵħǿûȫԪ鵤ȴﵽ͡
ǻ˱ĵҩõô˵Ԫ鵤ͬɼº;Ŵﵽ̶ȣһͿԿƴţɾԪ鵤һţɾͽҵλھˡ
ֻ޷鵤֮⣬ҪѴԪάԪ鵤ƣԷò׵֮Ϩ𡣶ҲǵħһֱҴԪ鵤뿪ԭһֹҲڽһ鷳顣
ħԽԽң޷ʹõҩ䣬ԪҲ⣬Ԫ鵤Ѿһ壬ɾ͵飬һ룬Ҳ㹻ǿ֧ţҾҵˣҲֹͣơ
һڣһΪҩ鷸Ȼ̫ϵ֮ƽַҪΪҪϣպЩܴﵽ޷֮£ֻҷ׼ȽԪ鵤һˣٿ
֮ǰʱѾԪ鵤˾ųɣʣһɣû˵ħ谭׵ľס
ȫһ˲䣬һֱڵħĶ¶һɹɰĹ˹ʲôͨʲôʲôһĻӿԺ֮С
Щ֮ǰħ˵һ֧Ԫ鵤עĶҪ֪ȻԶԶ̫ϵ壬Ҳǧ֮һɼ֡ǵںһ壬һʮӴֲϢ
һ׼ð·߶ззһͬе޾Ϣ˱ɵϵĶˣˣȫз֮УһϵķӶûʶΪϢĹߡ


һ˶ ԭʼħ
ҹڽܲһҲЩĸо޳֮ʣµʵʵĸ֪
ˣȫԸҲҪʮʱȫҪԼĸ֮У˸Ӱ죬һĹˡ
Щ֮УҪֳһεʱһĸߣһħһħս֮ʱһõĸ
ֳҲǵɣȴħŵɵĽ֮֮ȱͬħŵΪҩԳħ
һսǶԷҪնɱţȡ̫ϵĵ˭֪˷ɱ֣ǻǶӡ
鵽͸ý˭֪ʱħ٣űȲսս֮ˣ֮²ŽħŵǸ־Ǿɵҩʹʱ
ֻħԽԽأħ֮󿪣һսһ¼ʣһͶ·֮£ҪĻԪ鵤Գɾͽɡ
Ԫ鵤ôɵģƴҲԪ鵤ƵһվһûɡҲˣħŵֵĸŲдԪ鵤֮С
Ϲʱħ֮ͬ˲࣬һֶεҲ١ŵĸ֮УħҲһע⡣־͹һħ֮ǰӴĵħһ޵ϢǾɲһˡ
һħѵǵħĸԴɡˣ֮ǰǵħôˣƺ׼ʲôֶΣΪܹԪ鵤жǱƻѾɹˡҸܣȻһѶȴ֪áһħ֮ķţ˵Ҳҵ÷ţҽ¡
һˣһСһħ⿪ϢȥĶΣҵҪĶħһԭʼħħƪ
һƪУħͨһСԭʼħ̥ش󷨡ǽΪʲôħŸֱ֮һħܹд治ԼԪ鵤֮вħġ
ԭ˷ԭʼħ̥ش󷨡ǽһ׼ħ¡ħںΪһΪһԭʼħ֡һԭʼħ֡ڱ£ҵӶ
˵ͨġħ֮󣬵ԭʼħ֡ȴѰħֿɱȣԶٱɱ򼸺ǲĴڡһϣͿ˵ǲݡ
һħŸֱֶΣնɱţ͸ɴһУǲܻħּޡֻǺ֪ʲôûбޣԪ鵤м޵鸴ӶΪ˵ħһڡ
ڡԭʼħ̥ش󷨡ƵֶΣһֻСģȤȤȴǡԭʼħһͨžԪħ󷨡
⡮žԪħ󷨡ռŸʮһ߰ٶʮŸԾΪϼĻ壬һ汾һвɳܵħҲô˷һΪԪ鵤Բ
ַ̫ϵ֮ҲûУġԪܹԪ鵤ѹһΪģͬʱЩţҪΪٴﵽһķǿеԪ鵤ѹ
ǡžԪħ󷨡ҲҪͬҪ󣬵ΪħΪ˴˷Ѿռ߰ٶʮǣֻɹһһ̯ҳ󣬷ԼֻҪҳħûҼУȫ
һǾֻ֮ҪΥģõĶͿãһǼɵ;ô˷
ȻһԡԪħ󷨡Ϊԭ޷ˣΪħԪ鵤ΪѹȴǴ´ˡ
ŵǰ֮һҴ⣬ɷħֶζԡԭʼħƪɨǧ飬ȷûκħħ̥֮ſʼж
žԪħ󷨡ȻɬһħҲѣ̶ʱСɣܹʼ칤ΨһǷȱľϼѵĻǡ
ڴ£һȻ־ᶨʯҲɱ֮ΪԼɱˣȴֲϡΪֹյʱһңӹһǹһϲЦ
˯ͷɱˣ˭֪רˣ͹ֲ
˵䣬һٲ鵤ˣװϣ۳Ԫͭս󷽿ȥֻսԾٶ׷


һ˶ ô
Щս׷һһЦֹͣˡԪͭսɶݣȥͣգȴˡ
Ƭֻ̣һɽ壬ǹսսݳǰһǱģȻ֮ǰʹùıۣʥǼ׼
˵϶Ǳը֮ɢȥʥ˷ȥ¥գϷ۱ص£šԪͭսķ·׷
⼸һٿأȫʱ·ߣʥһȺ˱˵׷٣ӰӶҲɾڣ⼸һæŷߣٶȲ죬·߼һֱߣű׷
ʱսݸ׷ϣһܣæ򽫳Ԫͭս룬Ƿܹסȴû
һӻ֣Щרƽᱦ˲ŶսڲԼһվڴͷϿһУǹһ˿Цλѣʲô˼
⻰һߴӱдһ˴˳Ϊһˣ䣬žצףʥ˭ˡ
ͬʱս֮Ҳ߳һ֮ƶУˣһһŮȻûϢ൱˵׼ӣԼǬʸ
׼뼯巽˴֮䲢޸£ΪʥŻһѹķΪһŵ죬հ
ʥǰһָһżҷӷ֣ھҲǳڵ壬û㲻֪ôȻ̡ҵǰΪֻرǹԹԽҲͰˣ̰ͼִԲǾݹǲͬ壬̫Ϲڴˡ
˻һλҲ׷׿ڣǳݿţȰ˵ĿĲ˵һôó߲ѡ
һĻһͷЦѡűܿˣԼƣ˭֪վܲҲ㡣
ˣֻǴͷʥһЦ¾ʥŵʥǰɣ֪óôθ䷨
ʥһѯԼȻĵ˵ͷʥͨˡͨˣҲһ㽫ôóմǡŵӷżʥžҪһݡ
һȻĵ˵ͷе˵˵ǵûȡʲô̯ʥ˻һΡ
ʥΪһѹ˭֪㶯ҲɻüǺ⣿
һԣԾ󷽲˵մôҪҵһݺô
⻰ʥɫȵ̫Ϲʲô˼˱أȻҪ
һ״ջǹһ˿Цʲô˼ҵҪǡĳѾֶδ򿪽ƣǽȥָܹǵħ׽סҿմ˭֪ǷǵûжԸħҷʹħЯɵѡ
˵һһ٣һ˿ԽԽŨʥˣڶ˭֪汻ҴǵİϷʱһһƤóǽҲЩ
ϼһ͵ˡҸˣ˸ҡ־磬ܿͻָʥƵ˵ˣֵΣ
ҪΣһһбƳʥһ۵ĳƴõһôǵڿ˵Ҷ̣Ҫҷֺôҵ㣬ǣô
һ䡮ôһһȺ޵ıӡһ˲䣬ʥ⼸ҵ˾Ĵڣû뵽˵棬ָһ˲䱬졣
ˣ̫ƲʥΨҶһָʥһܲˣһ̧־ʷųʮͷɼܾͳһȥ
Ѿħ̫ϹҲħͷڵȫɱ̫Ϲ
ɵеħͷ
ǵ
ڵ
ʥ֣ĴҲҶȻûµҲڶ࣬ϴΰ·ı𾪣ֱӷ˵֮Ḷ́һ£˺ս̶á
գۼ䣬ĸɫͳԪͭս֮ƴ󣬱֮ǰħȺҪһ
һǹһ˿ЦҲֻ֣ǻһץԪͭս֣սݵķ֮һ˲ڶ෨õһըԪͭսһִҲѡ
һֹ󣬳ԪͭսĹѾ⻪᧿Σĸоһǵ֧ţֽսսݣֵˣ


һ ǧһϣ
ڵһֹ޹֮ɾҪ׼ڶֹ˭֪ʱһ𷽲Ϊֵ֮ĳԪͭսѡһһȺΧԺжһͷǾǻһǷӱżˡ
Ҫ֪˼ǧ֮ȡϽ׼˵ʱΪ޷ʹõһȻǧһ˵ʱҲǼʮְˡȴͬһĥһʱ䣬˵һԲ󷨣ǧ֮һ㣬ɱټ򵥲
Գ˫ʵൽ˲ܹĵزû˵һ˵УһһǿǿӣȴȫûдﵽǸ࣬˵ɱҲܰﵽ
Ȼ룬ɶǴʮĴڣȻţȴǽ֮Կһһ˳ǲûչǽһԸսΪγһ
һһУȻЦ̧һУ޽ƾճ֣⶷䣬纮׹ء
ʣҪɱˡޣ֮ѾûжˣվʹѪɣ
һ⻰޽һ·ڻشһַ·ڿѪһǹһЦֽһӣһ̤ƾʧԭء
ֻһ̻Χ֮еĵˣһ˲ʧ˵ͨӣɵԾѡ
ҪĵʱһҺѾʥŵıдתͷȥһɢɸ֣ʥнһȴûӦͱһ˸Դ췦
Ϊĵ˾ȻԼƤӵɱˣʥһǳɫеˣף
һսһӣǾʬͬǶٿʥһЦΣѵ㻹סô
˵䣬һһҺԶһɢɼֻûعһ¡һУʥֻţΪƴȫֻܴ¸оһжҪȴ
һһ£ʬǶЩ˵ÿơžԪħ
ʥһʶ˺սΨһȱ㡣ν书Ψ첻ƣһٶȺѾ˶ǰֻˡ
мڴˣʥһӣµٲͣ׷״ֳֻʥɼϡڣķȻûյһʥŵǰ֮ҲصӹأԼ˱ɼָʥһ
ɶ׼⼶ÿɶɼһ飬Ƕʮɼ֣ҽħ֮ЩٲģһʹƱħΧ̫Ϲǿһء
ֻһУһû˿ӣƿ̫鲽û˿סʱԳȥֳ޽ɱ񣬷ɱĴڣЩΧɼ֣вǸ߼һЩĲϰˡ
ʥһȻ֪һĵƣΪʤȻͷߺ޲ѣȴһߵųŭĿֱһΪһ֮˽ɱͬѾħҵȾҪеնħ
һȼƷΪĵѾӵԸӵĵزû˼ʲôһ⶷תͳʥնȥ
ʥһ´ʾͻһն£ʱôӵۣѽѽһһ㣬ʷȼһ棬͵һգһɼܳʥ޵Сͳһ˹
ͬʱɼּ׷׳֣˷ͷŸǿͳһȥƱƬ
˭֪ʱһ׹һ·ӱ˳һţֽ⵱һ֮ǰһɡٴγסһͰ·һϵпըȻӲ
ʱ˽ԾΨһǹһ˿Ц˫Ŀ΢գ˼ȫ֮ͨУԪ֮ȫ޽һ˲͵֮һ貹â·ħ֮ǧٱķסһķâ
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һĥ֮һɼûüԱͱӹһΪ̶ǵڶÿÿһνӹһɼܱгƬȵɼܱ飬Ѿʥǰһн˲Ϣ֮䷢ġ
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һһ ǧһ£
ɿ˲ͬǷûûɡֻǼɾɡɽ֮Ϳͳѹڶɣƿɼһߡ
ֻһҲٲǵҲ˵ԼΪжٽ޽һ鱦롮ʹöԷӳ˵ˮ׼ټһͨԪ֮ӳ֣ɱ֮ǿֱһ
һԱȣһɣһֱɵɱǿСΪʷٻɿܾܶԿһʥֻһ硣
ȻɿȻƴ޽Ϭ֮£һͷֵܵʮལճȻһԪɢ
ɿҲǺãǵֵƬʱʥоԾǡץסĻ˱ܿȥȻӵһ
νܵ˺Уܲ˷ɡʥȻܸͨоԣ뿪ȥʥλɼ־ûôˡΪʥʩչɿѾʤȯգ˭֪һʥԼӿȻѸپ͸ȥվһ
ʥһɼ֣ǽӲӵ׷ǵûΪ޽â֮һ˿ȨΪһ׵ۣٶΪһµһɼꡣ
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һϽ֮ɼֵĲҽлûͬǽɫףնΡ
νȻأҲֻǿһ˰ˣ֮ǰЩͨһ£ȻҲ£˾ˡ񿴵ͬ־ɴһ£ĵȻһĸо
ʥǻɼ֣һ˿ɱŭĴѡٶȵڶɼ֣֪Լ첻һɴҪӲһС
ֻǱһȫ߶޽ô׽ӵġһβĴ̶Х֮ɼִ߶ҪֵһͭѿͬʱѿĻ
˲Ϣ֮䣬նɼ֣һɱʱ۵㣬һգһ̴ɼ䣬Դʥʥ֮µɼ־㾡޽¡
ʥ㿪ɱУȴԼλϾǾԮһеĻᶼûУһ˲䣬һǵĺзϣŸֿ֣ѵҪɱô
ȴ˵ȻϹ˳ʥţһԸʥţδ̫Ϲʥܾ˵뷨Էųֶ֡
˭֪һɲǣͱһɱʥɱöף˲أҲȵԭأж𡮺һɱţº뷨ԱʥһٲҴ°㿴Ϸ뷨־ǿֶΣҪһ¡
ȫĺ·ųıɡҲЩ֧Ųסһ˼תķɿ죬ʱžԪħûɣ޷ҩԪʱУһ־սͻơ
һսĿѾﵽʮɢɼֵʬɡžԪħ´ࡣһɣָܻȫʵ־սΪõԪ鵤ָΪʵһ
ɣپǽߵʥֿһЦһնһͨ쳹صĽ⵱£ʱ˵ĹһУ·ͬɡ澡ڡ
ֻһ̤һΣʧڰΧȦ֮У˾ܿȥŷ֮⣬ͷҲص̤һһξǰ֮ˡ
һѡȥŸȻоûһʥһνս֮ʧأɼ־ʥοϷһʹȥһˣߣ׷ȥԥҲ׷׷𣬸ʥһ׷ȥ
һҪȥһȺ׷ٲᣬȫ߶̫鲽˸ʧ֮СǼ׷ʥˣҶûгԵٿһֻͣ
һʧķɫÿʥҪըˡֻŭڣȴ˿һΣתͷȥŭŸһۡ
֪Ĵɷˮֻһս֮ʥžһˣʷҲѾʽ΢ûһǰٶȺͱɱҪǳĽֻʥž³
żʥŭⲪҲ֪ǸоǾʥԴ˶вһϸȰοĵıʾҪʥͬˡ
һ֮ĴȺȥʥһһĿһȥķ򣬿һǷй֮Ҳݹȥˡ


һ ħ֮Ļ
ȴ˵һնɱһʥŸ֮󣬳ߣ̫鲽߶˼£ټ׷ΪԷһת˼ȦһƬͣ½ŲԪͭսųµӽ˺ߣһԶ봬֮С
һȥѩǣԼһվ˽ȥ½ּ֮ͽ֮ǰնɱĸʬ׳ֻЩʬϺƯһֻһХҪһ
һһЦǷڷȷʵֲΪߣضҪתκ¹ּ֡һзӡͽЩɢɣɼУһ֣һռѷֳ
ѪʳѾ׼ˣʱʱ
һһָһһʬǿռѷſڡһ̣һ˻һֻĴ˳ʬһҪռѷȥ
һƺϵȻЦ̧һץһһ֮סǴ־ͳһ£һźᣬԲִСϲʹֵĶ˳
ǵħƳɵġžԪħÿһֻ۾ʹһںϾż֮ΪΪһԪ˲űΪžԪħǺħͷ֮Ϊӽ֮ħĴڣ֮ȣħǲлˡ
žԪħʮֲףҪƿ仯֮ħԴҪ֪仯ֻ֮нһֲܴﵽڵħҲǽԪ鵤֮е仯֮ɾ͡
˭֪һȴһһܣԪ鵤ʧ˵šžԪħҲͶ񣬿˵ǧĿ๤ֻΪ˼¡
ΪǸͶˣһȻûилħԾֻǿǰǷѪġžԪħʼԺｫ˼ϰٴΣֿ˼ʱЩѪպñɸɾ
͵ħͷѪ̳ﻹϲĶأ
˵䣬һͽǷƣ֮ǰץĸֻǾųΪ̳֮Ѫ⣬û̳ԻǶԵЩδġžԪħЩͬԴĻϢʱĽһתЩ־ͳЩ˹
֮ǰ˵Ҳˣ㹻׺ĶҲ¡ЩȻǰ˾ɢɣѾˣΪ֮žԪħ׶Ĵڣ᲻£׷׼Хžͳһġ
һڵ˴ĺֻնݳһԪ鵤ۣͽɽ˶žԪħ˵ûܽħӡǳĨȥԼٻһħλϵЩ
һЩǳԼ˹ԥһƳƷѹȥֱӽ롮žԪħĴ֮С
žԪħЩ߽׻ǣʱͻϲ㵸ÿһԳһöɵɼֵĻǣϾż֮Ѿȫ
һɣһڽһöɼɣһβû򣬶ͷһöһըһ֮дһƽâɵڶɼǾڶööɼǣö֡
ĸֱԳâѪâ׹⣬˵ĸоֱĮпᣬź;öһҲһⶫڡԭʼħҲǡħִͨ鲻֮ͬҲνĻꡯĴڡ
ͨ鼸ǡǡΪΪ񽻸Ϊʶ֮ԪԪȷ档
һħͬͻģͣңĻ꣬Įпᣬţԣÿһֶǵʩ֮ԻһΪȤ¹С
ֻħͷϹŻҪ֮ǰͱ˵е˸ħߣħߣںϣΪħš˵ħ㴿ħ޶߶ûˡ
һġħ䡯ʵ˵˾ϹŴУħŵٻ֮ɡ⡮žԪħɼǾħ֮Ļֻ˵һ£⡮ԭʼħڲħ⡮žԪħ˵Ϲ֮дͳħ
Ϲ޷ǷڣΪħһ㣬˭֪ȴ⡮ԭʼħˡ
һ뵽ͷЦ֪ʱеΪѵʱΪĻһɣžԪħȻ죬Ѿħһִڡ
ִڣһֻѡһǽ֮һǰա󷨡֮Ϊáѡ񣬻ʲôѡءԶħͷ뷨ǸոĻֻ꣬ڵġžԪħ


һ αɾӿ
ħ֮޵ǿգǧССҲʮֿ㣬ԪͭսһҶƮǿ֮С
պ趨ʮ֮ǰʹﵽָ½ڡֻʱΪһûתȻѩѾҲûóȻ½ѡǿ½һʱ䣬˻һΧܼżԱȴһת
һգǸպٴתĿżڣڿǷȥɨһСżʱһɰƳһ˲䣬ԳԪͭսΪģ֣ʹϼ׷ӿ֣˷쾰ơ
ѩŮǳһһ˲˵׷ʲô顣һڴŴճڴƬ֮󣬱һӰ˳ºۣһ˭ˡ
ֻһγأƺһˡ֮ǰǿǿӣȴΪ򲻵սˮ׼ȱһԲζϢӯԲ£·˲Ϊﵽսƥеĳ̶ȡ
ѩŮһһѯһͲǣ㽫һԭЩʱգžԪħΪˡԪ鵤ѹչĳ
˵֮ǰΪ֮͡СԪ塯ɿɴԲĸ֣ھѾﵽɼмڴˣɴһݣӵõɵ֮ҳöʺϵģ̫ϵش֮ͨԪ鵤ӣһö鵤
鵤֮Ϲʱ޷ΪʹãԸ߽״ڵ֮Դ滻ԼģȻ̵ܹʱ֮鵤ܹṩľΪһʵӴ֮ҪΪ˿ܡ
Ȼһ֮ޱȣʹַš鵤֮Ѱ̫ͬϵطֻʱ֮һҲǲɵȼɵȼҲ滻
һΪṩҩʱΪԪֱӿԳΪһ֮ԴΪʱһһݽɾ磬ʹսӽԺԪ鵤ȼҲ鵤ṩֻҪʱ滻ҩҩ㣬ͲԪˡ
ڷϼԵڶôαɾҲˣΪ˽ɣӶ¡
ֻ֪һڵΪħ֮УĴͲô򵥣Ҫϼһ˶֪˽ˡ
һĽͣ˳ԾͬʱԻϲѣһ򵥵ף֮󣬾ͽĿٴתǺ̺ܿ޴󱦲صķ½˵ΪһˣʵһȴûΪ޵Уһı֮ſʼһεġɡ
ԭżԶһƬǿգһ½һȺʿһȺӰȻһȺʿڶ࣬ǺӰȴǿһÿһһʿ£Ӱһ˿ûƣ˼
֮һȺʿ£ǺӰһɱ¾֮˿ûɱ˵ԾֻһԭأƺȴʲôƬ֮һӰӰ˳һڴһһ۾ϳǱӵĵħ
˵ħʧԪ鵤ǣֻ֮ܶ·һöɵУΪʵһءˣɵǳʵѰҲһءͳһȺ£κһ˿
ԭȻӶݣȴû뿪̫Զ½ҵһϹɢ޵żפȵָжı㱨֮¡ֻյǣݶ֪
ΪϹħͷȻа취ô˴ΣͷųϢȻһǰ֮ǰһɱ
ǰЩʬƯĻǣħſһ̳ȥֻ˫۷Ź⣬תݣƬָ֮Ѫɫͫʣǹһ˿пЦ
һ̫Ϲԭˣ̫ϵѾʧ֮䣬ħĩҲ¿˷Ʊ֮ʣǱħ֮ʱ
뵽˿ǰһʬ壬ѡһ߿˵һ꣬͸ϡָԼµħÿһһͷһȺħʽݡʬһħ澡١
ħ棬Ц̫֮Űɣħһ㣬̫ϵһжӶɾ֮ħ
Ц֮Уһһڵħʧ
һߣһɫ۴ħ֮޿ռ֮СһǴܿʥ֮ˣǱһʱ䣬ħ֮룬ڡ
˴ӦսҶ෢֮أ˵ǽ뽻ӣǽӽһˣȴ˿ûյӰ졣ʱһ֣һģĸ־ͳڱ֮ǰ
ʥ״æһݵߣϱӡ˵Ҫ¹غϹŷŴУ¹ش󣬱뵱
⻰Ƿɫ΢䣬Ҳ˵˵ͷһͽסǿմȥ
һ֮УԳƵʥԳһ˿Ц⣺һҵҾ̫ϹҲһ


һ ħ
룬̫ʼ֮̫ϹһƯֻʮǰ֪ͬʱΪ󶥼֮һ̫Ϲ͹üռÿ
Ȼһ̫ϹڰûˣҲͬΪ򼸴֮һ̫ϹѾ˲ɽɢɷ׷ͶСɶԸʹ̫Ϲ˵ٴһΡ
̫ϹȻһܷ֮ħҪһʵԼľƿʱΪ̫Ϲ˶쾧ڣɾͶ챤ݣŴ˷ħһֲڵ̣ȴʵħ
˵һս˷ħι̫Ϲ̶꣬ҲշЩ˷һЩרšչˡҪ˶ģǼǲܡ̫Ϲһʱ˶ڣʵڲìʮּһһ޵дѹţͱˡ
һѪҺļ룬ǳֶʱͳ嵭̫ڲìܡһ˶Ǿϸѡʼߣպ̫ϹΪ̫ϹĽһʵĻ
һգƽһ죬Ȼռˣǰ̽ħһһȻɧţûʲôٽԳǲָǰȥɧ⣬һвû̫仯
ʱ̫ϹһֽƵĴ֮Уһҽд˳һ̣һѪӰһפ̫ϹѪ·ԥķɴ֮ܽУֻһӰϧ·ܵʹһ㡣
Ѫ·ʩֻûһֶܹӰͣ¹ͺСЧ֮£Ѫ·һ̧һץһ£⣬һ˲䣬һ˾ڻơһǵ˶֮⡣
Ȼ˾ڸӰͣ·ͲҽСѪ·״ǰһȵȣʲôѵΪ٣Ҫ췴ɣ
ӰǵҲħһſȡõò֮ͱһ׽Ѻ̫Ϲ̧֧ͷѪ·һٿſеȫǿ־壬ƺʲôҪһ㡣
ˣȲΡΡĿͻأıĳ⼸
Ѫһ㶣Ҫʲô˭ֻ֪Ƿ⼸֡ɫһһҪ棬Ѫ¿ɾֻ˽ҪЩͷˡ֣һƬѪ⻯һħѪעڡ
һ˲䣬˫ĿͬзһĲҽУٴˤڵءʱѪѾջħѪģɫ֮ǰҪѿ˿ˤڵصȣһһ߻عҲ⿪Ƕ쾧ڣڿն𣬳̫ϹΧȥ
ħʮ겻Ȼͷħ֮ѾҲ֪ʮ䱾𵽵׵õ˶ٺôǷ㹻ֵ֣ҲϵϣȸǼһһ°ɣ
˵䣬ѾˮĸΧڡħѾȫ鸽̫ϹΪҪԱ֮һѾж̴ʹáֻЩ̴ӼѪ·˿ͷѪ·˽ȥ
ʱǣħѪϢһתæͰݼѪ·̳һԸеĿţҲһ֣λ
ûħѯѪ·Ѿֱֱڵ㣬һп׼ˣ
ħһ㶣ʲôԾĿѪ·һۣü˼Ƭ̣ڵ˵ͷϣʮʱ䣬飬ɣֻû뵽ʱȣҪȡһЩܴﵽĿˡ
Ѫ·Ե˵ͷһӵһмȻ𽻸ˣҲ֣ȡҲҶ˵һ㿴Ű졣ЩʱҪǰħڣ̽һһ̶֡
˵꣬Ѫ·ħ͵Ļᣬ׻𼱵ľʧħԭأüͷ˼ãһˣټ¡µ£ȱϯΥɨţ¼

̫ϹߵõħһϢãɽħʮɽ綼ȺõϢܿħһֵϢʹ
ʱǡɸֶڣʱĴֻ֮ССֻһ߼ᱸսһħ֮ؾԼħ֮ڲϢ
Ϊ֮һ̫ϹΧѾʮƽյȺЩ˴ɢޣħûʱǶΪԼܹסħʽֵʱǲŷ֣ʲôλսֵסħĽһС䡣
һμۼ̫ϹΧҲоȫо˿ں̫Ϲűӻˣ˶̫ϹǿҪ


һ Ԯ
̫ϹȻΪ֮һڵͽʿɢ֮ϲ缸ءɽܾһзħϢʿӽħǲ׽ӴԲžۼôɢޡ
һҲԭȻͬҲЩɢ޶̫Ϲǰ㾴ηԲһҪѰӻҪ
˳Ծǣƽأȡ֮⣬⿪ŵ̫ϹȻ˷յĴš
һȺħŵĻɢɢﻹʲôıƣҾ÷ڣ׷ӿС
һ̫ϹУǲŷ֣Ͳƽİ汾ǷԼȻڶ쾧֮УͬǣڵλһС硣
ֻʱپòԣҪصʱ򣬺Ȼ֣ﻹʲôŻеֻһ˸ҹǣԼҵ˸ԭЩһʱ֮䣬֣Ҵ֮ǰ˷ܺϲá
̫ϹµϣѪ·ϣħһԣ촽΢ƺڻ㱨ʲôѪ·ˣĵ˵ͷ
ã𽻴㽫ʮĸСɶ飬ȻѾ˻ҲΪҪʱ⣬û뵽ô⣬ЩֻҪʮܳɹˡ
ˣһлֶθ߳ͨϹطֱȡ˱ʮļŴ˳ɾ챦ʱ䡣ЩɢޣΪǼ飬ԾۼʱʮĿŶ鱦Ƕ붴쾧֮У̫Ϲ̩ɽˡ
ʮĸСϹŷһƻ֮һĿľΪڴ֮ʣ̫Ϲһƥʱɱ񣬷ɱ
ֻû뵽ħһǰ٣Ųϧķ֮˳ΣԼħ֮ͽħá
һѪ·̽ħ֮󣬽衮Ԫһϵգͻ˶ʮļ֮ʮĸ֮Уһͽʮöɴ룬ɻ붴쾧֮С
ʮöȻСģҲܹ棬һСǿٱʵѾһƥķʮļһܹȫ߶˼
ֻɹɣȴһűħЩɢһԹ̫أΪнһЩ֣ǰȻЩΪߣ̫ϹӵʮԴȫٶȡ
Ѫ·ħһȷ֮ǰһж͸æµħƹ̫ϹһöԸħһ׼
Ѫ·ȻһЦһһѪӰͳ̫ϹĶʮĿŶȥҪܼ򵥣ѹѹһвг
̫ϹڣֻķӰС鸽ֿħһ֡ħһĴҲ˴ٵı׼Լ˵жǵ
ÿһֻӶħִӣ֮һС磬翪ʼݡʱĴΧռ죬ĴʿΧħ֮ڣʼ
Һʱħ֮еĸ֣׷״ݸֺôʲôɵʲôϹͨЩִн缸ƺ˵һĴڣȻһӿ֡
Щôħ֮֮һҲ뵽֮УĴʵʱ˶ʿȻռħһɲƣȴûԵս
ķܵħһʱħ֮Ҳӿ˿ھֱٶȣڴһʼʧɽ򣬲ߴڶʵڣΪȫħ֮׼
һܵٵѹķҲһᡣѶʮſʼʮۣͿٶദ֮һ˭֪ʱ򣬲֪ͨʲô;Ȼħһħ֮С
һ֮һһ˵֪Ϣʱ֪һħһ巢ЩǰµѶϢħ֮иĻᴩԽĿĲ˵һΪѰǵǰڴ˼űʹС
Ȼ֪ħһν˼䣬㱣ȶ࿪ٿħ֮òǰ
ڽƿȫҪƾ˼ħ̫֮ѡĴҲ׼ۼиĩ֮ڣɽ˵£˽ĩ֮УԴΪʼٻԮ
ɽͽף֮ʷһݣע룬Щף֮ƺϸ֮ϣ˵ȴ֮󣬡ˡص˶ߣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ֱĩ֮ϡ


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һ⣬˶ϹʱڵһϹ̴棬δϾʱ򣬴Ϲľ֮֮ȥ˵ͨ
ֻһͨϹűľʧҲˣ˶Ͼ˭֪վȻֳôһϢ״紫˵һ㡣
ﻹ֪ôͨתˣɱԮ;ʱһĦ֮֮һӰ
Щһοߴһɣһǽףһףÿ߳һǳԽϢ·Ĥݵһ㣬˵Щͥ콫
һ콫֮󣬽ĵڶϢ죬ȻͬԪϢԵΪ׻ͷǣβͣϢɣѰ岻ͬ϶ųصζȻɡ
֮һ֮һʱ¡¡죬컨׹ӿЩͽ׵ʿʼҪ˫ֺʮ״
ǰ콫¶ûǶ֣һȴɱ֮һƬʱ䣬ЩþԻ˷׷תѹǸ߿շһȺˣ¶֮ɫһ˻ɭɭħǷŵĶͷħһ
ķ˴½һķưԡͬǣͥһ̳ϹʮͥʵͳͳԾʵǿ
֮ͥ⣬һΪٵض֮ǰȻʽ΢Ҳͳ죬ԳɡʹһڷħһϹŶŷŴ硯һϹħŶɣϹѪħԨǽͥ
ͥΪͳͲͣ䲻˵սȴҲкɫش٣Ϊı棬Ȼֱƹͥŵõ·ֻǱͥӪǰ콫·ܺͲͥ൱
˵˴жͥͳȻͥӣħк˼ûоʹŸ·֮ȥһӷҲƮȻȥ
ȥһ콫·˿ûӰ죬һ־Խضˣ㳪
֮ˣ֮֮ͥ£بų桭Ϲħͥأе¡Ȼ֮ħ֮Ĳ֮ʸ˼伲࣬鱦쾵ͨ콫·ȣɹ⣬Ȫ¶ơΪԴɨƽħأմˡ
ϣᣬ˽һӣȵˣл
һƪۣ˵ʵϻؼĽ콫ԼʲôǱġȴ֪һ䡮л̷׷װȥ
һȺ֮УȻ֪⡮ʲôɹ⣬Ȫ¶֪ϵѵõıϹʱ̫ϵɵ඼ҪЩԪ鵤֮оЩ
뵽ЩôǵõܹͻƵǰ磬ܹٽԪ鵤̶ȣΪպ׼һĶѣﻹʲôæҲһݡ
˶£ĵ˵ͷش֮Уͷ˵˼䣬һǧ˴콫Աʱ䣬죬ǿƼرյġ֮ͨкȻɫ˸
ɫǡһ˲䣬һɹ֮ǰϢ𣬾Ȼ˵ͻ˾硣ʱƣͻƾԽԽ࣬ڽǵͽʿԪӤ壬ڶʼͻƾ
Ϊ֮һ̫Ϲʱ˱ŵ֮⣬ɢ޸һʱ䣬ͻƵ˲Ϊ̫Ϲһʵͻ˶ڡ
һжһ˵ٿǷΧ֮ڣΪõһ˲䣬֮н𵤷תͿؿϵľڿʼһҪʼת롮֮
ͬһ̤תżϣȻûио׽ٵĴڡ˼ףʱȻͥйأֻܹͥһ̶Ͽ׽١
һٴ벻˵ȻΪ˼ٷʿΪ׽ٶӶսȻһٻò׼ĴڲܳͷҲߵʹպвѣµħ֮ˣʲôǹ˼ɵ顣


һ 
е죬һȻĶΪͻƽתǿжɽ٣½𵤳覴ãһƷ䵽ƷȻʵӰ첻̫󣬵պзѡ𵤾תǰתûպҪ߾ͺѣһǽԽԽأԵõֲ߽һͥ¡ͻƽתһû׽谭гʱ䣬СɼΪ޲覴ã𵤣β˻ᣬһٳƽתԼ»صһƷľء⣬ƺԪ鵤ַΪƣֻûоСԪ鵤ֻǾǧѾԳҩ㣬һԿǷܽУԪ鵤ʱֻҪɷͿƳɹ
뵽˴һӴ˶ԡգ֮ɣһ߳ԴԼתĽ𵤣һ̽ǷԪ鵤
һԿɾͲˣˡİϵ覴ʱƣѸٵ޸һߣһԣƷȻ룬ȻԴԪ鵤ַ
һΪ̫ϵĴˣ⿪Ԫ鵤֮У֮죬ͺǽˮõĥô򵥡
ҳ֮⣬Խ̽Խ֡£ܹÿνɽ͡
ǰ֮ǰͥ˵֮ͥĸ֣Կ屦ľֱۺɡҲһԳһ㣬ֶҲȷʵ̫ϵԪ鵤ֶΣҲˣʹáãǳҲΪ
ȴ֪Ҫ֪νġ͡磬ҲʮѵáѰûְλ˸޷ȾָЩ콫Ҳֻżܹȡһ㣬ΨλȨصɹٲٺ»ʽõһ
ȻһΣħٽ٣ͥһ˼һħһ嵷٣ʧȥôһڣĿģҪָŲϧ޴ķֿͨ콫⡮Ӧ
ƿء콫ϱϧǰЩڣͷڵѪֻǣȴҰ·һΨһǵȷɱ֮ʣһ֡
һȺ콫ڲϢ֪ͥΪ˲棬һ׼ġĶɡҲ˵Ȼͥû˵׼ɵľ䵽Щ콫ϡ
˵ֻɣȴֻ࣬ǧˣиԣһ㹻ʹáҲ콫úõĲţ˼ԭ֮һֻ콫ļ㣬ͥĿûпǵһĴڡ
ϹŽ𵤴֮ƾǳְͬٱ֮ϵԪڴﵽתʱһԪѾԲ֡һСľͰ벽̤ת֮Ǹǲˡ
ߣ磬ռ䲻ͬһһһľΪһԪһ֮˹磬ķ֮ȻתֻǴ֮ԪҲкɰٴ֮
˵һһΪֲһƷ𵤶ƷĲ㣬Ϊ˻۽ת裬䱾Ԫڷ䣬ɽûоҲȲˣҪȽϣһȺ콫֮УԪۺļ콫ͳһϳ̡
֮⣬ǽת֮ı仯֮ǰʹﵽġɷһὣԪӱ϶Ѿͻ˼伫£һ޶˵ƾһһˣͲһ콫ͳ졣
⣬ڣġԪ鵤̫ϵɵϹűдԡһöɽɴɴ˿ɼ˵ǳɾͣǽɸֵļֵ
һ죬ȡ侫ȥɣҪľȻȲĽɣɣٱȵһɴԲ衣
֮⣬һ޼ɵĳȡħԴ֮У̫ϹУ̫֮Ϲ塢ľ֬ƿʮö顢޽Լõ
֣̫ϹӺЩ鸽ɢޣɽֵһҲ˿һ֮ľܹﵽܺ͵İٷ֮һ
࣬һͥṩʿΪã֮ǧ˵콫ܷɾѾʮ㣬ٷ֮һͿԳűɸ֣ٷ֮ýɱͣɴ˿Լռİٷ֮һжôӴ


һ Ѫ
һһɡ˵ȥ¡ͥɹٺһȺ콫Ҫ֮ٱһ顣
Ȼȴûô޼ɵšзųħΪͨʿ鲼Ⱥ֮УΪףΪԼٴ͹
һȻյö࣬Ҳ򣬶Щױ鲼֮У˲ԣҲỳɵֻʲôڷø˰ˡ
һͷžҹͷŵһֱֲ䣬ոպһӴΨܹͥó
˴ƴͻƾ˻֮⣬˶ȶȻǽӽˡ
һ˵ʱķͻƵĻᣬƷĽҲ޲صһƷתҲﵽ㣬Ԫ鵤ɹ౦Ｘ״̬ü޸
вУ̫Ϲ塢ʮö顢Լľݼı˾ûдﵽ
ƽһѾôǼ֣̫ۣһþգϢװ·ˣһΣֻջһףǵٶԡգӷ
ʱ˿̣֮Уֻвʮ˻гɽ֮⣬зħɺڸ֣Լɽȴгֵɺڸ֡
˵Щ˶šĻͻƿзʦħŵħԼɽ׵ĸֶ˼ͻƵļ
˶ڹע˭ժһεͷʡһģͶĿȥתͷȥһɲǣпȥ˶ľŵɫ䡣
Ŀֻǻֺɫ쵵ġ֮ϣһųɫӿϢ·һѪɫ䣬֮ǿƺҪأ
٣
һ˿дһ˲䣬˶ʲôڡǲʲôҲʲôبųعеʿµ𷣺Ϳ顣
ֻڳ˰еĶ֣Ƕɹģûɹģɵģûɵģûм˼ǿ׽٣ͬ׽ٵˣһ׽ٴԼǶɽٵͷв֮С
ʱ˲ע⵽׽֮µһ˭ˣʱΪʲôһͻȻӶԡɣԭҪˡ
Ҫ֪һԡڡΪսɸֵ¼͹ΪֻǳĿõ֮⣬ûšһΣƥ٣ͬЩŵͷһ˲䣬ʲô
Ȼֺ뾰󣬵ȻӲɽȶĶĿһȺ콫ҲǳԾǸȤĿţһʱ䣬ڳѰͻûз֮⣬˵Ŀⶼһϡ
һȺ콫֮ȻжһݸȤģдɽġܿһݣ˶һȺ콫еĸ߲֪
콫֮У콫һ˽һһͥ·죬ͥӪͳ˶ɺΪͨ콫ǿΪͬڵͶְͥλ
֮ͳʮƫɸ֣ЩҲߣһ޳֮޳ɲͶͥλ䣬Ĳ˵ƾһˣԺɨķ
ΪͥٱֶΰǶ½߶СѰɸΨɽǿ뷨ۡһҲһתĴٸˡ
λͳˣѵǴ˵УųѪһزѪôһƫѯʵ
⻰ͳɫĶһۣǽ׶ͳ˵ͷ˽Ѫ٣Ȼ˵СѪһز桯˵пţ˽ȷʵ˵ã֪˽֮˲ˣÿһһɾһɱֻЩ˽޲ڳ֮󣬻ɱ¾ת١ԽɽٵΪȻ˽٣ǺšֻǴɽУƺаҲ֪ߵʲô·
׶ͳôһ˵ڳ콫һ񶼱һ䡣ʱһ׶ͳЦһ֣Ҫ֪ʲô·򵥡˵ͥġֵܹ٣ԸѪ١Ĵ˷ѣ硭


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һִӪ꣬׶ͳβ׶ͳ˼ֻǴӸֱ׶ͳ飬ܾЩףüͷ΢ƺʲôûӦ
ʱ׶ͳԹԵ˵һͷʱ˵ɣ֪ͷΣѾ˽һ֣ԭ࣬Ѿ׽⣬ȥֵɾͲý
áֵǲýһ仰ԥĽ׶ͳǴ⣬˵ͷãҲգҵƿءƶȨȻ˶٣ҲҪƻǶƣһ֮ǶǾԹ۰ɣ
˵䣬ͳͬʱתƾһͷһŲƿ
žּ֧ͥţѪȻ񣬵Ҳ䲻ͻȻſѪپͷ·ŵѪȵһ㣬˲һɹѹͳһк
һʱڷȡһȹתµľ硣ȴоͷǾΥϢ˲Ϣ֮䣬׷ʲô顣
ͥһ콫û뵽Ȼʱһ֣ãܺãϧһ̫ˣϰʱֶξҲҪһƤ񣬺ٺ٣ã
һͷЦѣͷǡѪ١ƺڿڿʲôֱ⾪ƺ˿ûиеѹվ̧һУ롮Ԫ֮һһƥ𣬾ȻѪٲƹȥ
һĻΪһ𾪣ּſеɻˣʱ㵲ѣһʱ֮䶼һʲôʱ
ǲףԸѪٲסӦһϢڣѪɫѾϧٺӴƥһ֮ٷ·оһ㣬ʮܶ
һʱ䣬էΣһŤȻĻΪһͷѪɫ棬ʨף¹ǣۣβֺ֣Ѫٵ̬ŭѪ
ŭѪһ֣ʱȫ𾪡콫ͳҲɫΪٵΪһɽٵķ񾢡
ǽ׶ͳͬſģ͸ͷġ׶ͳһ˿һĶһһۣȴû˵ʲôֻǼš
ˣǾ͸ǾޱˣɽħԼ֮ǰһԵеɸ֣Ϊһ𾪲ѣֻͷǾ˿֪ҲһĿǷΧ֮ˡ
ͷǡŭѪ뵽һζɽٵıһͷûһ󼤶һЦһֱﵽɼԪƥҲһͷײ˹ȥ
ء
һŭѪʹ֮ŭٱһǿŭѣſһҧצץβɨ¾ͽԪɢ
ֻԪһ̫ϵĲ֮أһ֮ǿ޵ĸԴڣһͷų֮⣬˴ĥԪ˼ôô׾ͱɢġ
һЦдʣһ󣬵һָһö׶ɫ飬ͷ˲ɢԪ˲ۣ»׳ǿʼ롮ŭѪƴ
һĻڳ˶ԾѡΪһͷǽ׶ɫ裬˵ǽ𵤣ľͻӤ޳ԪĴڣͲˡ
ϹŴĥ𵤣
Ϲ˽ĸֶʱ뵽˴˵УϹʱ֮ǽ𵤴һ˲䣬ǶһΪʲôǿµ⡣
ԭϹŽ𵤴Ϲߵ·ͬȾ֮ϣ𵤴ȷʵִ֮ѹǿܹԷ൱Ϊɡ
Ϲʱ򣬽𵤴ͳֱָϵĵ·֮ʵϹʱһģ֮ƫţֻǸʺĻŴȻǲԵơ
ϹŽ𵤴ǲϡ棬ϡǣϹű֮˶Խ֮һ˳ɹΪʲôɹˣ˷˼һ
ʲôܹеɾ磬˭˲ʶһ˿²ô򵥣˵Ϲĳλתôպþһ٣Ҫͻƾ磬أɾɣ
۷׷ףһΪ̫Ϲƽͱ˳Ҳֻǻĳת֮ࡣһʱʹϹŴĵز
һʱ֮䣬Ľ֮֮֮֮ԭΧһչıȡǱ仯ǵ۷׷׵ʱһƺһС


һ 
һʿʵһΪ档һΪУΪ㹻ߣ㲻κֶΣƾһԪѹư˷νһʮᡣΪ֮⣬ͨǼ֮
һԣϹŽ𵤴ִ֮ͬΪ䱾ʾҪ߳һΪԽԽҲܹսɵĸԭ
һõ֮󣬾˸ı䡣ԴԡԪ鵤öɵṩԪġٽ𵤡֮ӵˡαɡ硣
˵αɣɾɣǰ̫ϵƣһʹã൱Ϲʱ֮һ˵Ϊ൱ڽӽƷĽ𵤰ת
һתӵȼ˵ѾĸΣǿ˵ȻȴҲǿһΣתҲ֮ˡ
ˣԡαɡ߶ͨѾʵ߶ΪǿսҲĵơ
ڴ֮ǰչʾʱ躹޵Ŀǣÿһζ׽͸˼ɵҪˣ
һƱٱȣųʵĿжһҪµ̨ϻûȨҪЩڰˣΪ˽ĵƣ͵Ķ֡
Ϊˣʵʮ䣬شƣϹ¼һٱħ٣ʵȴħΪףɱΪĩع
ħһ¶ʵ䲻˵ȫˣȴ߳ɰܹȹΨɱٺĩ٣ǰ߲ɱԶȣںߣǾʮ֮ˡ
νɱ٣ǲɱֹɱֻԵ޹ɱˣĶһãԼɱͲá֮׳ƵķʽЩĲ֮ɧƷɱȹɱٰˡ
ȻȫĶԿŭѪȻ޷ȥˣȴоõȺ֮г˾֮⣬һɱһţԼĿѾɣͷЦһ׼ɽ٣һϷȫˡ
ȴ˵һԪ˸Դ֧֣ٱȻڡŭѪĺ֮£֧Ų˼¾ͱƣÿһζ˲ۣԸ̬͸ǿȥ
㣬ͷǧغϣԪͱǧΣһ˵ԪǧΣԪľ̶ȣǶĲٿضﵽ̶ȣֱȹ˽ת֮Ĳڡ
ѡ˶ɽٵĿ֮һ֪贫˵бġѪ١ԪֱҪܲȫ⣬һ׼ȥһԲʱŭѪȴϴӦˡ
ŭȻŭͷԣǧغϵҲ·һĿڣҪݻٵĸԴ
ġŭѪο׼ţһ𣬲ĵķ񱬷ȻԪͬʱ飬յڣŭһҡͷβһ׾ͳһ
عŭǬ֮ŭѪ»׽٣ҲҲǿ̬һﵽ̬ûʲôŭʲôеֻǺɱĿһǰ
һĻһͷҲһܿ죬ǾֿһЦһֱͷתĽ𵤣׶ɫ⻪Ϊĳ˷ȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬ΪģԲﶼˣͥ콫
һҪЧſһ븹ԪҲٴڡšѪ١ȫĳףȻҲ޽ҲʹñķֶΣǲŲæڶͷһġ
˲Ϣ֮䣬һϵ·ޣľɲݣħֹͼһԪõġСԪ塯Ҳг֮󣬵һչֺʹá
ڶ·֮УüΪȴΪۣһɫұһɫһɫ·ţַ·˸ԶĶ
ǳ׽֮УڶˣһΣ̫鲽̤Ȼһ˳׵ǰͷĳףȻЦ˫һۣͬӡ°㣬͵ؾȥ
һԽ۵Ĺ֮⣬ȻĳȴȴţֻܶԲϴըͺ²ⲻѡ
߳ķΧȥ׷ʲôȴûĲ˵Ѫٵɶ£ǿûԸΪ˺ģע⣬һȲȵùȥҲ˵ǰٷ֮ûܹȹˡ


һһ ת
ȴ֮УʱҴţܿʱȥȴ˶Ź淢ʲô
ʱĹڻһػը죬ѣ˲䱬ը֪Ҫҫ˶˵۾ǺܿͻָΪҪ֪Ρ
εĿ֮Уը룬һӰ˳ºۣһ˿Цһ˭ˡѪ١Ҳ˽˵һɹɽ٣֮ﵽת
һʱ֮䣬˿һĿֱһ䣬˵֮ǰֻǲ²ϹŴתܶ˾Ѿƶˣô𵤴ֶȹ˴˵еġѪ١˻ϲ˳ϲ֮ˡ
ɽˣ̫ϹЩ飬ûʲôԹģ׶ɽ֮һʵ˻̫ϹٲǵǸ½ǳɽ޼ĴڣԷ׷ǰףء
ڷͲģȻһжԵЩֻһΪ̫ϹеħһξȻҲ׷źϲϧϴ
ǹЦ·Ҵѣ֮ǰƺСС֡ȻĸƤ֮Ĳľˣ֮뷨ǾͲö֪
һ򵥵ף֮һҪչؾص̫Ϲȥˣһɽٷ粨ȴûϢȥ˷׷̸ۣ۳һз֮⣬ɽֶΣԼɽ֮ʵǷٶɽ֮
һһֱʱ䣬֮ʦħԼɽλѩزĸַ׷ͻƾ磬׷״ﵽ˼伫£ԲŽһķͷԷ˼ֹȥ
ˣûա콫һҲ֮𣬿ʼڲϷͬʱҲûǴ˴ε񣬿ʼͥʩʼ׼ħ֮ڲ㣬ħ֮׼
һ˵ӣʵ֮ͥȫԱ׼ħ֮ſħ֮ħͬʱħһΪĴﵽħ𣬻˼̫ƽĿġ
һٶɽʹħһּǽߣҲ˶һ˿ҡ֮ż˷ԣʱȻûзҶĬĬ׼
ʱӪͥ壬ټɼֿһνᡣħ֮ʮ̽õô½ʮɼ֡ȻħԿĹ֮УȻҲģ˵Ҳһδᣬ͵ɼ֡
һɼ֮Уɽռ˽ĳɣħҲڻָﵽλ̫ϹһҲûв׾¶ɼ־ȻнʮɽһңõСٴξһ
һνӱǼνħףͳϢԱһԴԸħһ塣ʵϲ˵Ҳ֪ͥҪ£ԱڽĴ֮иõʹá
Ϊ££ͥҲѪ֮ǰġ֮⣬ųɵԼϹŷļַ
ǰΪʱЧԣħ֮пνǼٳ֣ڵܹ֮⣬ҲֻмżдֻһΪСҶûȫǲǺС
Ǻ߸˼衣ΪϹȻִŶвϣΪﵽԷʮҲӲɡ
ȻͥļžͲһȻЩҲһʱԭ棬վϹŴͨõֶΣܹ֮߳Ҳзá
⣬һ۴Сɣ׷ױʾͥհһӪǲ
Ϊ̫ϹǷͷĸ֣һȻ֮ϣͥӪûкøУҶļֶҲϡ
ɵⵤȴǺöΪ򱥺ͲȴֶܹʮãܷʮֵãҲļ仰һɵô
˫Ը£ν˳Ӫλͳħ֮ڲ㿪Ű֮󣬾͸ɢȥ
һ̫Ϲȥ뿪ӪԶһɵǰһͳ֮Ӫͳ֮һ֮ȻɻȴҲ˻ȥԼƾǰ
Ӫ˵ӪկʵһɹģıݡƾŵϢһ·һɹڡҶ֡ͳ˵λͳĵ̡
һҲѯʣֱӾͷȥһ̨ͤ¥󣬱һã֮дʱֻλͳƷ̸ʲôһûС


һĶ ֵ
һνᣬһҲ֪λͳ׶ͳͳһ׶ͳ˾¡
ڶΪҲɺڣʿˣʵ֮ǿһܹȵùɽʮһʵǣҲ˵ֵһˣԶˣҲֻܵķݶ
ͳͳһһЦ²յˣҶ˺õȰ
һ״ͷһֹųҾǰ㶼ĺõȡ
ȻҲ֪ǶԷʾأȻ𴩣ҲĹ˹ֵĳöλͳõȣȷʵãλ¡֪λͳ˻ĳǰкιɣ
ͳԼʾ⣬һӣʱЦܹȴӢ֮ҶҲ̡ĨǣصҲ²ˣǰʵΪǰءһѽһ¡
һȻв²£ΪͥӪԼǵϵ㲻ŶԸԼҲɫ˭֪ԷھȻ˵ҪԼ͡
ͳһɻһ£峤ͳ˾µ˵ͷ˾ԣ̻һ绯Цػڹһǰ֮£ѣǰջءȷʵҶ˵ľҲصҪ͵ǣڶɽ֮ǰһһǵõϢ֮УаħһйϵԲջءεѶɽ١һǿһѵĵϸǼһ㡮ġȻѶɽ٣ҶѾȷȷʵҵŵϵϹŴСѵãӹɣδ˫϶ѽһһǸѱʾǸ⣬һǽǷѵһݡ
˾˵գͳһһ̧֣һöðžɫֳвǾʲô
һͷתķɿ졣ǻ˾һֱʶϿ򶯣ټʵʵľֱҪ֮Ϊ֪ͬһ϶ǵˣͲôױһЩͺô򶯡
νʿ۽½˼ٵͶʵ಻ͼˡͳ˾¶ˣΪͥӪͳ죬ͥ˼ȫȨܷ¼ԼͣºߵĿԸࡣ
Ȼĵħһ壬ûȷԷĿģһȻ˺ƤڡȺöٶҲӶ࣬ƴǵ˼ûУֻǼ򵥵˵˼ʾĻͽ˹
һȡˡͳ϶ʱչЦ˶ʱ͸һʼĳ
н׶ͳͳһֱˬӣھͽԼҲ֪һ˵Լɢ޳꣬𻯷ɡ
ֻɽ绹ǵ׵Ĵڣַܶʮ꣬ųɾɣͶͥ켣ڻ쵽ͳزҲˣſһԷҵʮ˳ۡ
ͳ˽Լһûб˵ͷϣɴ²յһ߱ȻʱһֱӸ˳ƺţֱֵܡ
һɶģͳ飬ҲЩס֪ԷϷġҲᱡ˶ԷӣҲһ߳лһ߸ͳֵ
˫֮һҲʱԼľ֪Ļ⣬һ̸˾²ʱѯһõϹ֮Լȵˡ
ЩⶼأѰ˲ѯʣѯʣܶ˶ɫÿһҲ׼һʣֻ˵ԼõһϹʿлãҾ˽ճɾ͡
֮˾»ҪѯʣͳΪһԲѯʣֻ̾вףһ겻ѡԹ˵ݸһһΪӪҪ̰ͼð
֪һ˵һشԴ˻ᣬȻͥǲȴҲΪһܹץסһλᣬ˵ý𵤴ɣ磬õ޴ͣܳɾϹŽɵճΪ綼صĴڡ
Щ֮صţһȻͷһ̸֮еõһЩͥϢҲǳ
ͳ޵͸¶һպӪȻдôһԣʱǴԼǰĿġҲ˶Էһĵ࣬æͷʾΨͥհ
õҪĴ𸴣ʮ⣬ãһȥӪſڲŷء
һȥıӰ˾һЩӵķӰˣȻ󣬵ͷҪͥ
ʱһЦǽͳͳֻǴʱһ˿Цı˵ֱˬ󺺣˵ıҡ
ҡҡͷ˾ˣ˺ܲ򵥣һ̸Ȼû¶Ϲ˳ͥ»Ҫһֽš
⻰˾»뷴յ˵ͷٲ˵ʲôһǰһͷرӪֻһͳϷɳָȴУפط


һ ڲ
ˣ޳ν׼Ǻ飬ټְˣԾͨ򿪵ʮգдСɶ׼ӪĴһ£ٴĩ֮ڡ֮Ҳ롣
һ۱ϴƾ͸ӻֺ룬ķˣɼϸ֣λϡˣҲԴ˺ôʹԭΪħ֮ķʿʵٴηԾ
˵ʱһݣ֮ǰǿʮֹħһʵɲ⣬ɢĴ޴ڣֱӷȥؿħ֮ˡȻʱν¾㱸ֻǷ磬һħ֮ҲڱС
ķѾ׵ħ֮ڲ㲢Ҫ̫룬һжհžȻĽš
һοħ֮ڲ֮ǰͬΪ˼ʿ򵥵ļʽ֮Ӫͷķ˸վλãʼĩ֮Źע
ĩ֮Źͨħ֮⣬ŦһĴڡĲ룬һ⻪֮Ӧģħ֮УҲһ죬һʮ䣬ķּŽڵ㡣
ЩģûʲôŲϿһɹɾԶϢĿһӰֳһɱ֮˻֮ڶЩħ֮ΪϹսҲϹһս֤ս
һĻĻ뵱һΪƣֻӰȴûǻֺϢˣ˶Ŀ֮УϹŴսĲҾ󣬾ͷұø
ʱһ죬˲佫еԭʱѾ֮ǰŶˣŭŴҪʼˡ
ʱ䣬ֻĩ֮ΪģһԽǧӱţ֮Ҳ໥ӣģ壬ħ֮һƬĺ
ħ֮ħһؽѣ⣬вħһҶ롣
һȴǽ׶ͳͳѡ⻰˺ħ֮Ѿħһ壬һضöԷע⣬ǿڲҲǻ뵷ңһСĴ˴ζɽپͻṦһ
һ˲䣬ķ֮ǰţ׷ɴһ¶⣬һ⡣ֵֻǣûԤ֮еħһ壬ǰ㶯ûУƺħһһ㡣
Ȼ˿ûзΪΣղΣգħһضǷⷬ춯ڳٳٲǶȻд㣬Ǿڵȴõʱ
ʱţʱ֮ħ֮ѾɹתɣպԿħ֮ڲ㡣ȻʱԿħ֮ڲ㣬ҲʱܳΣ
ۼĩ֮ϣһŻδ˼ϣҲǣʱһ˷ζĳХ˷Ŀһģ죬ħĶɿ챼Ϯ
Ȼ룬ħһѡʱ֣ôʱ䣬Ѿ˵ĿǷΧ֮ڣΪôħǰδ֮ǰССֿԱ⡣
һȺҲЩˣӪһʼ׶ͳͳ׶ͳ˾ͬʱӪʿ쾹ȻʼԪ
һԪĳǽδŻٶһ֣ħһǰٶȻǲһءʱҲ׷׶ħһΪǿֱ¾ѪһΪҲעС
һĵĴ߶֮£һŻڴ󿪡һȦȦɫĹâƣһɹԶźĵϢ籡ħ֮ѾϹڲȴ·ӹϺ;Զʮ
Ż󿪣ķħ֮ڲ㣬ֻȿħ֮ͽһħħ֮վս
˴ͲڴħһƴڵȴҲɢ󷨣һǻɫȦ֮С
̫ϹΪ֮һһ㣬Ż󿪵˲䣬Ѿħһ彻սˡΪһľӪ̫ϹѾһĴڣħһ׼Ҳֲ˿ôһ˲䱻ɱˣʬ嶪̫Ϲֱȼϡ
Ȼ쿪ʤһҲ֪ⲻħһͷӣħ֮ڲ㿪˲䣬ƺӦʲôٻԼһˣ˿ս
һƾն̧һӣ̫ϹеӾΪǣ̫֮ϹУֳ̫ϹһץӴ󹬵ʮö飬ͬ쾧һͬһöС
̫Ϲ̤̫鲽һڲ㣬˿ͣӪ֮󣬻֮ǰŻ֮С


һ غ
һһ̫Ż֮Уһѣ֮󣬱ǾԶϢһ˲䣬о˰ٱһСľҪ·ȥ
ʱŹۿȥһޱȿ磬·һƬ½أֻǳɽͺӹ֮⣬һ󶼲ڣ·һ塣
ǣȴоһӴޱȵ֮УƺԾռķݶҸǣоǸ֪ںδƺٻԼ
ɻʱ򣬱һߺ֣ٹæ˴˻ᣬħ֮ħһȫħ֮
һȥӪһˣٻԼǽ׶ͳͳ˾£Ӫ콫ڴ߶һʯ˵Ǿħ֮Ŀƹؼˡ
һȻоԷ򵥣Ҳ֪ػæӦһáһݾͷȥ߶ԪҲǱ͹ȥ
ͳ˾¶˼״һ£е˵ͷʱҲ½˼Զ͸˼ʿȻԣҲϣԽԽ࣬ԭ⻪ıĻ⡣
ͳֳһɰɢȥĲƻƷ͵ذڱ֮ϣߺԪ̹غ壬ħ
ʱǣǺ۵ĻƷ֮Ϲ⻪ɣõӰȻĿֻǿֵмһ˰°׷Ǹߣұһ˻ǸˣһºǸꡣ
Ӱһڳ˶оԷ֮һָ߸ϣϢΪеߣ춼þ£ˣ׷׸оԼ֮ϣޱС
ֻӰûˣֻվƬ̣ȺһĴʯ֮ϡʱ䣬ѾʯԳĸǡ죬أӡ塯֡
һֱ̣ɢ޾֣ͼʯܿЩͼΪ㣬ʯһͻ仯ʯһ˲һħûһֺͼķڲתƶʯȴԽԽСһɢ
˿һĻԣͳ˾¶˶ɻ󡣱ʹ˵ͷ쿪ڵģ⵽ô£˵˿齻ǣΪʲôûã
ͳ˾¶ɫʮɻԷʣɫʱͲÿֻ˾ʹбҲóٻĴֶ
⻰ʹͷɫһڡΪˣҲ֪ţͥһóǴ˵еġϹ߼Ĵ̳ͥϹ칬Ҳûжı
ʹȻҲȼıȴȲͥҴҵһαͥ˻ռ˰ˣȻܽϡ
ʹȻҭסҲһĴû൱޷ʹȻûͥҴҵ󣬵ǲܿô죬ѵһ˲ɣ
˻֮Ѿһζ˾üͷһ壬Ҫظȴͳסͥ£Ȼ׼ô򵥵ĶĴ鵱ӡǣضܹ
ܹĻͳû˵ڣʱ͸оʲôһϲɫһˣ
䣬ڰ׶ɫ·½ʱ䣬֣ĵǾᣬƤɾ𡣳λʱ䣬޾ͼ
һ̣Щͼ֯һǰδеĴ֮ȣ̫ϹҲ㲻ʲô˲ʱ䣬˶оݰĸоӿͷ
һ촫ԭ䲻ɼ˷Գϸһǻ治ĩ֮ڣħ֮ľ·Ѿһһ㡣һȺȺ񹥻ħ˳Ծѡ
ı仯ûоʹΪֹħ֮ھֲãһȻħ֮ǺصϸȥһƬʮϤǶķʲô
˻ɻѣеһȴԵ˵ͷһ֤ʵ²⣬ħ֮ķһһ໥еġ
²׻ʲôֶΣħһʱ򣬱ħ֮ķصڣͻأĳһͷͷħ
һ˲䣬Զķ֮⣬һƬ֮УΪһϷӡСƤṩǳΪһһŮ֣˿ħ֮򣬳Ĭ˰Σһ̾ĻҪ֪ʲôȥˡ
ͬʱ֮䣬硢ġ޾աܵڣһǱǧ겻ĴҲѹ


һ תսһأɱķ
һȻ󲻵һħ֮ͬʱ򿪣Ӱ̶ȣԶԶ߹ǵĲ롣ʱͷҪҲȼü֮ľôЩħȹһ١
֪ħ֮ķϵһͻأħı仯ʱħ֮е˼
˼ôֱʣԭħ֮ãʹָʱصвڱĴڶ˵ħ֮Դ˵ֶΣֻҪħһ̤ķͻᱻħ֮
׹ףһȴ֪ԼܴﵽϹŴľ磬֪Էô쵽ԼҲ첻ⷽ˼ת˼ж
ȻûôӴϢɺϣҲܿ׹һЩʱӪдһǽ׶ͳͳ
ħһѾħ֮ħ֮ħ֮Զųħˣܵƣħ֮޷մȾʵҲ½ɡһսսλħ˼ǬΪ˽ˣͥ׼ͣɱѰħһͷΪۣ߽鵤һöһɱħħһͷɵһöһɱħħͷɵö
ͳ콫ͳ̶̵ݽʮиȾףԱﶯġһʱ֮䣬Ϊ˱԰սжʹһʱ־ɳǣսŨŨ
˻Ǽװû¶֮ɫԴȥһ߿ʼ
һûлѶ೤ʱ䣬ķ־ʹŻħ֮㡣ʱЩħΪͨƶңķ־ͻȻ֣ʱһֱɱɥ֮Ȯһķͻɽһ㣬ɱħ֮С
һħȷʵֻͷӣֻΪ˳ȡʤ˭֪Ȼ˳ңͨƣһʱûӦغϾͱɱŴңķиһΧˣĹͱ
ʱǣħһʬӪȡӪͳ˾ΪףȻ֮ǰŵһ㣬鵤зŶΪȥ
һʱĽͷ졣ȻһСʤȴҲûи˵˼ܿСɾ統һ㣬ӳħ֮̽ȥֻһҵĲǱȥħһ塣
һУһһֱԹߵĽǶڿţȻԴܾ֮ЩֺΣǰһҪȷʵǾ콫ħһɾҲ룬̫ϹҲħ֮̽ȥ
Ϊ֮ǰСƤ·Ѿħ֮̽˸ڱڵϷͱԣ϶ķħһռ˽⣬ܿͱЩطħۼ϶࣬ЩطȽ١
ƣѡָպñ̫Ϲʵһȴ̫ķλǰһͿԿٵĽħֿԲԷסԮһսˡ
ʱ䣬̫Ϲħһݵ㣬ЩݵĶʮϵħפأǿжʮħ̫Ϲ޵бݵѹ֮£һòųֱ֣ӱ飬ȡħʬ
ֻʱħһƺҲһɡλӡĴڣʼ׼Χ׷½ء
ħ֮УħһܵƣĴǷܹѳνɱǵûн̫Ϲɱôܿ䣬Ψһջ񲻹ǻ̫Ϲо·ߣܹΪṩοȥˡ
㣬һ̫Ϲɱһʱ䣬оµӳƣ״Ŵ˷ĩ֮ڣħ֮ڲ㣬͡
ԵɶͲɱһͷħͶһ¾ҪطһΡΨ̫Ϲһʱսû˿Ϣ˶²̫ϹǲǱħһɱˡͳ˾¶Ҳ롣
ԵǿһطЩԾӳԾĻں档̫Ϲзʮħʬ壬λͳͶϲ£һϲԴ۵Ľһ˵һĻ̫Ϲٽɱн
һЩߣֻһνӴڶ˸оЩЭ֪Լ֪򣬸̽鲻ʲôʱ¡
Ȼ޷̽ˣǿʵһд鵤ҩܹΪ֮ȻʮھѾ̫ϹӸͣ˭ҲӺö಻ǡ
ֻҪܽһ̫ϹӶȻٳ߸ͷһȻ̫ϵǰ֪̫֮ñƵĵӵҩ֪᲻ˡ


һ ر仯
ν֮һһڣ֮ҲˡȻħټޱȣΪ˱ǿʵǸˣ֮󶼻ϵʱ䡣
˵̫ϹսһνٶҪٴսһ̫ϹӵʱֻһꡣȻһȴѰһȻвͬˡ
⻰ҪϹʱ˵𡣵нѾﵽ۷Ĵڣ۵̵Ŀ㣬֮˵ͲζԶ񣬵Ǹʱ׳Ϊ츣ءĵطȴǲ࣬ȽͷĲʮ죬ʮء
ԭΪڶ츣صҪ󲢲Ƕ쾧ڣŨ֮ࡣҪǣǡ۶Ԫﵽ£Ǭĵز
۶Ԫ롮£Ǭͨĳƺšڶ츣ضԣȴҲͬ塣
ǰν۶Ԫָرӵܹý۳ĳ̶ȵӴˣֻ˲ܹӲ־ȫ
ںߣν£Ǭָ֮УҪﵽͨЧܹʱͿռвٿءڶ֮Уʱţռչܹƿء˲޵Ŀռ棬޵ʱ乩
ֻԴϹ֮˴йʱշҲһЩڣǿۼ֮⣬ܹٿʱձ仯Ķȴûֹ
Ժ츣ʧȥϹ壬ν첻ǴﵽڡС⡯ڽΣǿϡǬαˡ
ȻһҲ֪ΪشٵӰˣħ֮ͬʱı˷౦ںʱ䣬ͻһϵá
ԭ̫Ϲ⣬Ҳһα죬ȻһҲԵСվȲϹʱ򡣶̫ϹȴһЩб仯Ȼﵽ˴˵֮С¡硣
Ȼ̫Ϲνġ¡Ϲʱ򣬡˲Ϣ㡯ָһǧꡯ̶Ȼ̫ԶǿҲǽʱʮ̵ʮ֮һĳ̶Ȱˡ
ˣȫƶ֮£Ȼ˿ֻһ̫꣬Ϲȴʮ꣬屶ʱлָȵȣһһȫûʱ䲻㡣һʱһһ̴̫Ϲٴ̡̤
ʱҴңһһĽ֮Уʮʱ͹ȥʮ䣬ħ֮ĸķֳͬħһң˶ԷһֲħһתŻơ
Ϊķʿǰڵ춨˼ʵĻӵȻʧȴԽսԽ£һǿ˸ӿֲϢʮ֮˫ƽ״̬
ȴ˵һ̫Ϲνɱħһ壬νɹ˶ʮ䣬նɱħһ岻°򣬽ħһɱŷɥɳħǰɱֻǻС̫Ϲʵɱһͨȫû
ԴˣħһȻ̫Ϲжд̣ȴٲǣÿÿܿȥȻҲᱻ׷ɱܣܱӲӲȥúá
Ϊˣ̫ϹǰΪķֿȵĴڡһϹ̫֮ϹҲΪɽ֮˸ȡע̫ϵ֮ĳƺţһֻһЦ⡣
֮⣬ʮʱ⣬̫Ϲ˵ȴǽӽһꡣһ֮⣬˵ΪʵѩƷƣŮֱȹڣͨ뻯һ˾ѹɣɶ
Ů̫Ϲʹﵽϵʦˮĸ˼ľ磬Ϊɼ֣֣ܹͨɸӲƴսʤ̫֮Ϲڶս
ߴӣΪڶɽˮ׼һĵ̺Щս֮УǿͨһǶһĸ֣ŻܹĴڡ
ˣ鸽ģħ췢֮Ϊһɽ٣ʮ˶ȹɾҵλʹ̫Ϲ˷ħӶɸ֮⣬ҲԼĸ֡˵ʮ䶼ɿ˵̶ʮ䣬̫Ϲʵһ
Ȼһûй¶ȥн̫Ϲ۾ҪٱһˡʲôɽǳΪԽɽĴڡ
һգֵ̫ϹγһһԦ̫ϹǺȥѩƷƣŮԣ̫ϹɳǧոһƬħƵʱһȺѹѹħͻأ֡


һ ɱٵһɱϣ
ȱ仯ȻԲֻ˵̫Ϲн·ֻṩ·ߵСƤ֪ǶԷܹ̫Ϲһ·˴Ҫǰܣ˵Ǿֻħһõֻ·ǡɾˡ
ˣΪ˽ħȻѡֶֺΪأһսͽˣһķԸһʮħŲһӵ뷨ûС
һԵħԣͬʱŵħҲͰˣȻսƣı͸֣ʱ侲ʽǬӱͻԾǺսһЦͨȥ
һȻħһҲΪ󣬶ѰɣħĶҲҪǶסһζϵȴ̫Ϲ̬Ķ챤ݣƲˣ˵ɱˣһ˵ǵΪˡ
һսʱ䲢ûãħһͷԼĶ־ȻǴ˵еġ̫ϹﻹģͷҪ׷ɱеȴ̫Ϲһһ˻Щħȥ
Ѿͷ˵ĻҲһĻȴƴӣֻһһɨ˵Ļص̫Ϲ˵ղɱͷħģΪʲô׷ɱأ
һԣһЦҡҡͷֶεȻǷȥɱһֻħһҲѲˣһǲҪħһҪ֮ˡ
֮һ㶣һ˿ŭȻһ˼ڳԣҲ׷Ȼ״֪ı̫ϹȻз߿ȴû̫Ծɻ
Ҫ֪нǽˡʵΪ𡯺ֹ͡ϵ۸ӣиƿӺ֡ΣͷǿͬЭҲͰˣƼãٲʺҪûռˡ
̫ϹΪնɱħĴ󹦳նɱħսԤʾѾƹöΣֻʱԷƻûѾ̫Ϲǿʵ飬̫Ϲһ
Ҳֱֻ̫Ϲʵ¶ģŽ˸û뵽ֳ״һѾԽ˵ߣȻǽħһҪ֮
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ЩһֱܷӺһЩǻǻʽޡЩһʮս֮ϣ⻪һء
һЩΪ̺̫ϹԱ˵ǹԿ
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⻰һȺɵַ׷ŭⲪûһ˸Ҷ֡ΪȻֻˣȴԶԶǿĸ֡
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ЩóԶ̹Ϊ˰ȫ˶ʱѣһֵԼ׷˿ֳԼס
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̫ϹУһȴһпҲһЦתͷħͷְɣħԣһݣ̳ȥ


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Ƭ̣ʮֻʣļңʥ֮⣬ڣɣһҾȻ½ġڡ
ڱ֮еʥɫȻѿȴҲ͸˷ܣоȻűƱݵƺÿÿһԽ˷ܡʣսҲ类塣
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˻˵òһȴ㲻šΪҪ̫Ϲж򣬾ʱپҪıϣڶԷ˺öΣһβײˡҪһ㣬ʥܹ쵽Ҫϵüϲпܡ
ʱų֣˵ǡɣǴҲšһЦȴû̶ֵ˼ΪһʹԼΪУӴһһ·նɱħҲҪ
ڴʱǱ֮зɳһӰʥɡٴλָԭ״һҵ״涾ߺλʦ֪̫ϹѾħһ年ᣬǱΪҪ߸ҷ棬ҵײҪɱڣλʦԽħħ²


һһ ̰һҰ
ʥһڣһɫһ䣬˿Ծֵһң߼޻Ϸ˵СϷˣΪ֪ԷѾҪԸԼԼһʲôûУἦͷ㰲һĪеְˡ
ԶӼʵѯʣǷдʱҲֻĶʥһۣһЦһħᣬ걾һ·ȴǳ˸֮ʣû뵽һʥžȻ粻岻˺ģˣջصûȡĶɣ
˵䣬һǹһ˿Цһ䣬ʧԭءһСġ涾ϴ⳯ʥҪʥűһһ۵ɵͬ߶סĸ󡣬Żعʶæ˵ͬʱ÷֡
ֻһһѾǷ켫ġ̫鲽ǰЦΪһ˲ǷŵĻӣԼķûſʱһѾǰɵĵطĿԽ
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ʥȻһߣ֮ޱȵĿֲʱһˡԼԵֵΣպѵʱȡֻһȻûҲˡ
ΪһѾָΪüģһ˲䣬ͨĽ壬Խļ³ˢʱ˲ȻɾɵڣʥǺʶʧ
һּ죬ּݣӵֶζûϣֻù鸽µʥͬҲǱļ֮һĵ㱻նɱһʱ֮䣬ŭޱ޾
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һ䣬ű涾ѹƵü̫ܶϹ⻪𣬶ʮĿŶתľҲûӰ
ʱ䣬¡һ죬̫ϹһȻ籡ͬϰʳһ㣬Ӵʮ涾Ȼһݾ涾ѹơ
һĻҲԾѣһߺһŭܣ
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һײ֮ײν칬飬ǿľֱӽ֮ڵķ½飬ʲôۣʲôսݾ塣
ֱײ̫Ϲ涾ӴΪһײ˽һɣǰһģֻǹ⻪֣תˡ
һĻûܹƽһǰڵĵһӣһѵҪһսɣ
һԣǼĹһЦ޴Ѿ򵽱ſңһսѵȲ迴Ϸɡ
һһͣƬ̲Գŭ̫ϹȻǿѨ磬ֻϹŴתֵܹ磬ѵֵܵôֱֿ磬޺޺ҵλֶ಻һ翹ֻʳ
һϼҡͷ˵һǻͨ죬ҿҲˡһʥĳΪʲôôˣǿϽô׸ˣͲֹһȺˣαڲſڡôҪɣ
˵䣬һ̹âһͷųһԴ涵ľͷ뽨ľ֮ͬһǻۺ;ĸо
һҲֲƽһӸߺľᡣϹžͶϾľ޷ЩӣҶҲ᲻ѣһԶԶľҲֻǴʥв²дû뵽Ѿ޴㵽ôľ㲻ظǣֻҪһľǣ粻Էһ·ΪѣشǶ±ˡ
һľöԷͶ˭֪ȻУ⻰˵ʲôơǰҪЩ磬ֻҪ׽̫Ϲﵽʲô̶Ȳ˵һⶼжˡ
뵽˴һЦҡҡͷһüģһ׹ɳǰ·һ־ͶᱦһһԡĮȻ֮ɫطѾͬȼա


һ վһս
žʶط⣡㾹Ȼа޺
ľط⣬Ȼ̫ͬһȣѵǴ˵еͳ𷨶ɵĴշף
˵ᱦ֣޳ڷףֱҲˣѵ˵ϹŴ񣬶ҷŴתɣ

·һ¶ޱڵķŸʱͽһҪ֪ȻԳƷӣҲ޺磬ķ˲Եơ
˵ŴвħǰʧأǧĸıҲʧȥྫҪΨ绹ǿǷڣ˼Ѿ߳ļҲԷɽ磬ȴҪ˼䣬Ϊ˾ɽָ֮ߵĵλ
˭֪һһϾͿѾõķϢҲɲǲ𾪣ˡ
ʱһӿڵλʦܣ԰꣡ʩƶɮȻ˵һӷû뵽ȻϹڷ𷨣ҲҷԵ㣬ҲؽᱦֻҪ̫Ϲ֣ҹͬڣȹ˽ٶȻ⣬Σ
һչʾ·Ŀľģ˭֪һӾȻ˵һ⻰һʼ˵һӲӣҲءѹˣǰ˼뷨ûС
Цһջذ·ǵһӵϧˣĳϲҰףԸ󵳣οֶĳݣһᣬǿϾʹȥҲͰˣǲȥ˫һս
һһ˵ڶӶУȴʮ̶ִһߴҼԸ㣬ĹƵĻᣬ㾹Ȼ㲻ʶôֻ÷Ŵ֪ʲôߵغˡһʦ֣š
֪һλʮţ⻰ȴҲһȺڼķӵ˼Ƭ֮󣬱ǵһǲԸĿڵȻˣҷҲĽħӷͽаħ
һӻ䣬涾֮дʱǷűҵЩǱ涾ٴλâһһɣ𣬱𷽲Żʮ
һȻһЦͰħ׼սſʼ͵Ȳָɽһֱ涾ɱ
һɱֳڣ̫ϹҲðɹ棬ʮöתӰľƿӰ̫Ϲ󣬾ȻȷŸʮ涾ײȥ
һ̫ϹΪǿ涾ҲǳһǵһǣⱩ𣬾ȻӲ̫ϹĹƣ˿û˺սһʽ档
һȻҳ̶˵ȲϷžһײ󷨣ͨ仯ȴ֮ǰİٱֶκԣλɼֵײ
У涾ǡ硯͵Ķ챤ݣӵнǧĻۣзӷͽ಻ʤ۳ɾͶҲ̫Ϲ磬νľްԡ
̫ϹҲʮӴ󣬵涾ǰȴСһȦϹŶ̫ϵУپһǧ꾭ӪֺôۻУʱ䣬һٳɾϹű׼£ǬĶ졣˵Ϲ֮֮һ⡣
˫ײ֮У涾Ԥʼӳȫʱ;ʮ̫Ϲһ񱩵ѹֶȻ˵һǧ˰٣涾˵˵һɵ𣬶̫Ϲ¾Ҫֱӱһ롣
̫ϹԲѡӲƴħ˵֮£á¡ڲʱ䣬ʮķӦʱ䣬Ǵһ̫Ϲͬһâר涾֡
һʱ֮䣬涾̫Ϲͷ·һֻܺһֻڴܡ󣬴򲻵ӣȴҲ˻ܣ˫һս
ħٵʱ򣬽ս˫Ը⿴һʱϳǱħ֣Ǳͬķֶʲô¡һ˲䣬ͺȻȶ֡
һתɾ֮͡Ԫۺǿ󣬲ִɣ൱ټСαɾԪһһ˾͵ֵһɡȻƽղչ¶ʵ֮ǿѾ˼
ʱȻ֣˿ûֵ˼ƾһ֣ɼ鱦޽֣ûƬ׼վһ涾Χ󷨵ķ϶֮նɱȥ
ַ϶ڱս˵ԺԲƣڸսһʦУǾ㡣
һǽƿնȥУһ촫޷Ŵͨ仯Ĵ˲ɢ䡣


һ һ壨ϣ
ôķŷ˷ˣ
һȻЦһͷᱦӰ֣˲Ϣ֮䣬ɷͨ۵ķŷͬ鳲һ׷׳ᱦ˹
Щÿһͬһɼ֣Ȼƣ˿ûʧᱦգνһ󲹣ǰ·Ӱ֮¡
Ҫ֪·Ϊ̳һڷŷʶͨһİ޺硣Ȼõһɴķŷ̲ԭڴ밢޺ϢȻһΣȻҪһ
һҪٺƼŷ̲·ֻҪȴ˻ܣ˵λӣȻˣΪλ
һ䣬Ȼͼ⣬ɫӰΧסȻ֮ǰĽͬϢ˭ˡ
Ȼ֮ͬУһŮϺɮģһɳһŮһģòʮˣͷϹǵ㲻գӼɫ
˵ɮ֮һϢǵһӡһ飬һأһŵӷʩȻǷʣΪʩΪᱦŻ÷ڣû뵽ȻԭڴˣգȻԵβԵαΥ⡣
һԣ֪һȺڿڲ̽ԼԴڡ˿⣬ΪԼʵеķ𷨡䡯ûʴںԷţΪοҲܵõ洫Ҳκ
ӷ𣬵һӴգȻĳΪڣǺβа˳ңұضڶȷаԽԽԶվ԰Ρ
һʶͨȫеǷڣǻͨԶԶЩǿʶͨν֮ϣһ仰͵ƹذЩĺжӦϡ
ӦϲûлӦɮģķŭһаħ۷𷨣Ȳϴӣҷħ
˵䣬ǷѾӳһֻħȣʱ֮䣬һɷ·ײһкϢ֮ǿһ綼Ҫ
һУ˿ûֹ˼ȻĬҪһһһЦβҹֱһǰʱ˾ȻƾջӰʧ
ͻأı仯ӶûԤϵһǺ޳֣ûֵأӲòæ¡
ڴʱǵһӾһСġһʧԭءһ˲䣬ͼλæֵһķһγֳ֣޽Ҫһն
ʱһӸպһǰǿݵ˲䱬ɽ⣬ĵȻ׳˫һŵӡӡӡʨӡʨӡڸӡ⸿ӡǻӡӡƿӡ˲䷢ڲͳһһײ˹ȥ
һСڲ뵱󷨼ֱһһ¡һ쳣һȴ˿ûõ˼ؽһնȥ

һը죬һڲߣһֳ޽ɶۼűȻλӾҪ˻׽ڽӴ˲䣬һֻӰʧ
ɫʮѿһռȻĵһΪأҲֱʩչʨӺͨλʦСģƺϹ洫ҵȲٽסӡ
ôԣķӷ׷׿зţ˿ɣԵһΪģվλһ˲䣬һŴγɣʱ䣬Բǧ֮ھȻһƬ硣
ʱڻͬʱתͷһͬʱųͨ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͨ͵һ̣бЩͨײһһ˭ˡ
һ̤̫鲽̫֮У֮Ҳ˵ɱ˭ɱ˭һξȻʶƣƳҲЩԾܿǾ͹һ˿Ц
ʮͨУһҵԸ񣬴ͨʮԲûӾȻһǱͷеˡ£ѧͨҪʱ䣿
⻰һ쳣ҪѧᣬҪʱ⡣ֻҪʱɡ
һԣ˵ͷãѧἴɣͽұǣ˻£úòɣ
⻰·һá֣Ϣ
ӼһȻеĸѧͨŭǷʹһķŭӣֻزʲôбҵһս


һ һ壨У
һǵӽǹһ˿ЦȻΪ̫鲽˿ûоɫ
ӣųƲսͷʮֻҪסǲЩҪսұսɣ
һ֣һƮϢȥɢѪɱ⡣һ޽⣬һܾͳɱȥ
뷽ɱͬһǵսӶòֻ֣˱ܿȥӼһһɱŭһӷ˲Ϣ֮䣬𷨼ӳȫһԽɣħͳһͷȥ
ղӳ侭ܺãҪķߣҵǿ
ͣһȴ˷ĶδʾǰġСԪ塯ȴ͸¶ޱȼʵϢ·һ㣬ֽħƴȥ

һ˲ϢһһһڷӿȥһȴǶ˿ȻȻǴһƽֻ֡Ҷ֪ȻȴƹᣬӲƴһЩԿǾ˵νƽ֣ʵһʤˡ
ȻҲֻʮ꣬ɾ޺֮λԷŴ󷨼ӳ֣նɱħȴûйһʱ֮䣬ŭ֮ȫġ
ܣǧǧ
ʱ䣬ӽóĵڶͨʩչǵ¡˷ʦʹùǧ䡣ֻڷŶԣͬͨڲͬ޳ɻвͬο޺λǿʮ
ֻ󻭳ǧǧ࣬ÿһֻУħƣħ䵶ֽħУһ𷢶ͳһ̬ƺҪһնࡣ
һУһһһŽ֮޽ϣ仯֮ͨһ򷨣߶δõġ޽򡯡
ͼãһ˲䣬ǧǧײһ𣬶֮ڶʱнâȥǹս֮˶ɼڣУնռƬһǿˡ
һԹսɫʮأǵһӷȻֻһһΣҶûгֶΣʮʱȴһѶԸĶ֡
һƬ⽣Ӱʱһаҽħ䣡
֮ǵɣΪ޺֣ͨŴͨΪҲΪѵǡ䡯䡯Ƿ־᳹ն֮𡣵ն֮ȴƴ֮ɱն
һеı仯ִʧȥڶġ仯仯ŤŤһС䡯֮Ȼûն֮⣬ɱ˵ȴ˵ǵɱﵣҲƾ̡
һʱ֮䣬ǧ䡯ӡ䡯ͨһϢ֮ǿֱȻһʩչ޽򡯶ѹȥ
˵һ֮⣬϶Գ֮ɫʱһӾλʦСģپԮʦܣ
˵䣬ûӷӦһٴμڲͳ˽ս׷ȥ
ʱǱѹ޽֮УԳǬ˲Ϣ֮䣬һԳһ罣ǡǬǿǬһʲô
ǬһǱǬɵһһ޳ɽʱ򣬾ѾƥٱɷһĽԪ֮ע֮ǿԵơһ콣Ƶӵзƿն𣬶һתͷͳȥ
Ǭһһ˵ƽ⣬˲Ϣն䣬ǽ£ȻǱɡʱһӸϵڲֱӵֵڡǬһ档
㵲ס
һֳ޽ȻһЦԪ籡ע޼ͣǬһٴ̤һ̨ףǡڲһǰնȥ
Իڣ𣡡
һһ˽֪ƥȴҲۿŵһϡѸз䣬ڴ߶Գڶͷۣǡŭ˲Ϣ롮Ǭһײһ
ŭΪ֮ͨУרΪͨȻСŭһ֮һһķԣ˫У˫ֶоȻ׽סǬһ
ŭҪʤ׷ʹмһ˫һһңҪŶе˲䣬򽣼һֻʱһȴ¶һ˿Ц
ͼǬһ֮ͻأֱֻͬȻһֻץһֻһӵġŭֱ׽סͬʱһһߣֻһ˺죬Ǭһֱ̹ŭնڵҼϡ


һ һ壨£

һҽдǵӱһһնڼ֮ϣܵޱʹࡣҪ֪ɼĴڣǿױȣѰҲƻãڹעԪġǬһ֮ȴɳܲס
ֻһвˡһԴ˴ǳ㲡ҪٴʹߣǡǬһֱֱӼ򣬻һ£첲
ȻΪʵǿɷ꣬ţȻʵԽԽǿȴ˺¡һɶϱ֮ʹνʹ裬ʹõٴηǺĲҽ
һжһҲû̫⣬һ鷴мź˼ƺһܵһ谭ֱȥ²һ첲ô򵥣ֱӷһӣӱķӡ
һһѾޱŭһӸԼŭƣæʩչͨһֵһһӡҲڻعҲʲôӣ˺ҪΧɱһ
һȻ֪þգȻԼԤ뻹һ㣬һҲǲСĳɼΧæսˡֻʱڡУƣһȴͱΧ
ȻΧһҲӡһ͹ҲҴ⣬æųǿġͬʱų¡ѪԵС
̫ϵΪڵͨšǧһԽԽŨĹˣѾӰƾι޷Ʒ
֮У¼̳һķڣᱦΪƾͿЩķͨټرȻΪδɵȴҲֵܵһӡ
Ѫ·Ȼʵ£һħħԣħѾ͵𺣵ٻϹŹһףһħˮãټϼ̳һʦУħս󣬵ԵҲԿȺȴȰ·С
һʱ֮䣬һһǵûбѹȣڶͨʩչѹӵơ
ûά̫ãһ쳹أ˵ʵǿĵһӣԼ˵ĵͬʱˡ
ִȻδʧܹвͨΪʧȴϹŷŵһ㣬ͨһ档
޺ܹ֮޳һŴͨͺѵã޺ĸ޳Ŵͨ޺޳Ŵͨ
ȻһӲʸϵϼһһ֮޳Ŵͨķȫʩչһ˾ֵܵ޺ˣʵ޺֮ѾǲСˡ
ӼսţǵֻܷɲʵҲͰˣһӵļ룬ʱӣһתǾﵽһ档
˲ʱ䣬һֻѹӲ١ۿڶͨѹŤתƣķѹһ룬ڲѹ
һɫ΢˼һԥαɡʱ䣬صӵһͬ·
ӼɳԾŮӾ˵ǰòŽתǿʵΪʲôȻ󣬻ɣɾ磡
ԣɫǾ䡣Ҫ֪һǿǿӣֳľȴ͡Ҳֵסӹ˵ӣǾɾ磬ǻòûˡ
ڴʱһӲϵϼһֳԶͬǣȵλʦܲصģһʲôطʱΪ磬ʵȲ̫ܳ࣬ͷ˵ȷűȻƣҵֻʱ䣬ľȻ־ܡ
õһӵĶԣӶʱĲ١ȻЩɵȴԥĳ֣һʱ֮ӡơ𻨡𷨡ַͨʩչٴγһѹȥ
αɡһͷҲɵöԵһΪȷʵԷ˵Լʱȫ汬ʱǵҲܳãضϢ
ֻȻֶΣȻô򵥾ͷͨ촽΢֪˵ЩʲôһӣȻ¡Ѫ˻
޽ʮĥһǧ꽣ɣϻƣʱˣ
ϣȻ̧ͷȻԵ޾ͨʱӳֻһ⡣ЩԸޱȵĹ켣նɱպΪһƽȴǽĹ⻪ʱڳˡ


һ ͨ
Դӵǧʱ䣬һΪ̨ףǿ޳ͨҲӵССˮĸ̫Ϲ˵涼ͻͽ
ΨһȻٻۣȴٳṳ̂һǾǽ֮Դӵתơͨġͨ󽣵֮Ȼ̤롮֮ͨ·
ֻǧʱ֮ͨ·ȴһֱƿٳٲܽȻս񣬵ܲܿͻʮ⽣ǿɲá
ֱգӵǿƣƽ̵ֶԳ׽ŻȻ򡣽֮֮нȡһ·ϴ˵򣬸ܹΪӻۣҪͻһĤƾһս
һ˲䣬ֶΣһһΪһս֮ͻƾþδͻƵľ硣ǰһСͨĹͷΪԼҪƾгսһС

һһˣֱһͨһ˲䣬ս֮˲ɢͦٳڶͨ˹ȥ
գۼ䣬һʮŽÿһ֮ȴϴ켣ϵͨûһܹãɢ
ͳԾڡαɡӸǾޱȡǿǿҲֻʵ幥Ǵ˵еһ򷨣ҲܴﵽƷĳ̶ȡ
ԾԾҲǲ̱֮һֻ಻١϶һʲôʱʵ㲻ͣ¿ըĿǱ֤޷ӳҾԪ
ֻһУһȫû˼УΨнʹһм֮Ľ֮ٴγ˲ͱ÷ޱȣÿһжһб仯
˵֮ǰһ˽ǴȻʵʴڣȴţЩоƺҪĴܻ仯ɿüŵĴڣɾʹľ硣
ֱ仯һڽ֮ǻһˣֻһһ룬ҲԳΪʦˡΪһͬʱ򡮴롮ľҪﵽͬ΢ĵز޷̤һ
һΣҪӵѹ򡯺͡ݵ̡߳ӡ̤һ
ˣһб仯ޱȵĽ֮òٴα仯У롮򡯵ľ֮С
ڼѹһÿһԪӣһڶظЩ֣˵Σﻹ׶ԷȻͷǵѹ򽣵
ֻһһı֪ڽѹ򽣵Ҳͣ¹лȥֻŭֶԽһ֮ǰɱ
ɴˣһʮΣֶҲļѹԪ߳ŭҪȡֶ֮ǿﵽӵļޡ
£һȻ˫ȴҲʧ󡣺üαŴͨ۵ǰ壬ԼСԪ塯ǿǣ͸ˡ
ˣһսɡα𵤡ɵҲ˰˳ɣʣһɻҪԪ鵤ṩҩֻʣһʹá˵ȻŭҲﵽҪЧ
оһǡαɡ˥ˡһ¶һ˿ȴЦݣķʹһɫȻҪ׼һһ˹ˡ
ԻᣬԻ𣬷ԻڣԻƣԻ⣡
ԻԻԻħ

ͬʱÿ϶ͨϢԭһ׼еĴͨһĴ
ʱֹͣĹȫĳ뽣֮еһҲƽ˫Ŀ֮һһƵĽ⣬һ⽻֯һ磬ȻΪǴֱֶᡣ
ʱӵͨˡӣʮ˵ͨ޺λʮ˵ͬϢȴͬҵĹһ
оһɱ⣬һȻ̧ͷһ˲䣬˫вͬĽʱʮ˵ͨĹ⻪ڸǡ
֮ǼǷǷǼ򡭡ǷҲǼ򡭡ǣˣ֮֮˵ɼ뷱ɷ򣬴һģνͨ
һ̣һ͸ͨ˫ⱬ䣬ֱţͷٿʮ˵ͨ⻪ǹһ˿Ц΢΢һģֻʣɵġα𵤡ʱһ㣬ԪŻ˥ϢȻǿٴδﵽǿʱ̣Ȼֻһ


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ãͻˣ
һۼ֮оһ˿Ϣ仯֪һϷʲôһɫѿ
һûͻƾӵһܵʵͻƾ磬һ棬ʵȻǱһ׶༪١ͷڵһӵͷ֮£׷ջع⣬Էһ
ֻһȺв֪һŷǽڡαɡα֮ϣȻͻƣαȴʵʵڣ޷˲ϢϡƽȴǴһܻɱһĻᡣ
ȴ˵һߣһ˲˺Ԫ鵤£һԪԶԶӣͷҲһ
ͨȻͬ죬ѹֵʫɺųһɣ޵ֻ֡ϧǣұԪα𵤶ĵò࣬һԪԽһȺл׽㻹ɣҲԽնɱ̫ԪֻܶһԪһαնɱһˣտҲֻһʤˣǲǣǲԪ鵤ԪȻܽһȺնɱʧҲλ̫ˡ
һͻƣȻһϲ£״ȴݲϲԪĹޣΪ֮
˵£һ޷һһΪԪĹޣҲ޷ʶ˫γһ״̬
һȻȶԷпסüöɼ鵤ʼָԪֻԪѾͨɵļõĻָҩɼֻɼ鵤ȻҲָܻȴޱȡ
ʱţһƺһͻƾȴþòɣ໥֮䴫ƺҪٴζ֡
һͷãҪһһϢʶ֮У̫ϹϢԭʱ˱仯ʱ̫ϹʮֲáõһϢͷ΢΢һϸһһϲӿͷ
һ̣ƺҲõӦϢɫͬԵһΪףڿʼĶͨҪٴγһɱ˭֪һ緢ϢĶƱʮƺҪһۡ
ܵһŨĽ֮ͨ⣬һɫ䡣ǵһӸߺã޳ɽͨȵʫɣλʦˣâ
⻰ķƺ뵽ʲôո׼õĹٴ˻أ׷׽ֻǾڴʱһǹһ˿ЦϮĽȻһתȻ͵ѹƾһ㡣
ֻһһѷȱֳȻȾҵ󡯵㣬ƾƾ͸˺һݣʧȱڡӼ״Щԣ뵽滹涾̽⿪󡯸ȥ
ȴ˵һǰ̤󡯣ʶһɨ㷢涾̫Ϲڴս涾ȻӴ̫ͣϹҲһ㣬ԶʱٲóֱѹƵ
֪һڹģսݣȻ̫Ϲ֮󣬲ϵĺʹ̫ϹòֳһӦԣԣԳ
ܵڹڴϢһ¶һ˿Ц̤ЬٴȫѹϴˣһԴò˵䣬ʱûˡ󡯵ǣƣ̤̫鲽˲Ϣ֮Ϳڹ
ȴ˵ڹ֮ٸӰǰΧһʮ֮һ½ڡ˵˭ˡֻǰϢͬûаɭȻħ·ÿһޱȵħͷ
ڴϷһڶħħƮſ˵Ŀһݵǵ۱һߵĵħ˭ˡ
ԭħµ֮ñϢһȺǵǣγһҡڡǳѰʵΪ˴֮һ
Ϊ֪ʥ̫ϹĹڣαװġڡһֱʥŽӴһΧˣҪǰ֮ǰΪԸ̫ϹǼһԡ
һӵѰ˻ȻħͷһҪԡ涾̫ϹһټĿģ˵һΪ˱𣬶ǶԪ鵤ǡ
ħϣۿ̫ϹлƵֿһ˿Ц̫֮Ϊȥ˱ǣݺ¡һҪϳˣ޴նȥ㴫У̫֮ţţΪϴ񡣡
˵䣬ƺ뵽Գѵħ壬Ϊϴľ󣬵ħͿЦѡʱһĮԴȻдţɾϴ飬֪¿ɷָһ


һ սս
ʲôˣ
ħ̴ֱ죬Ҳ̧һץһڤצͳץȥֻǳ˿ʲôûС
ʱȫ෴ķһӰ˳һ˭ˣǹһ˿ЦƱãѵ˭ô
ν˼ۺ죬ħһǧƵĳˣ˫ۼֻϴһս֪һöԸԶסͷŭ𣬳ʵǼͺ¿޺Ϊôӳ
һԣһЦȻΪ˸¶ͬΪһĳΪ̫֮ø¼;ǰָԽ򡣸߰ɣ
˵䣬̧һԡ̫ϻԪһרõҩķħ˹ȥ
ħһ˵Ͷ֣ҲƲסŭ¸һЦ̫֮Ϊ統һڲħ֮֮Уٷɵ֮ҲƲңСǣϣ̫֮ɣ
һ䣬˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮӰ˷˹ЩϵϢǵѵɵɵֻ絤ħ˵Ѿ֮УȻɵΪģȴͬαһĴڣԸҩķЧʱٴ롣
ȻȷţܹӳҲɣһħܷӳֵ϶ʮɼ֣ҩǿĵħֱֱɼˮ׼һսӣɽĸֵޡ
һҲ׵ħ̣ҸԼƻвͬЩɵܹԼģоӵϢûнļҲͲżǹһ˿ЦĶһԪ̤̫鲽һʧԭء
ħǵڶμ̫鲽ȴû뵽̶̼ʮʱ䣬Ѿ̫鲽ʵľ֮£ӦȴϢǣԭһһͷħܷ
ֻһôһħһնһһΪǧϢԷڡͷħһµĻᶼûоͱһŷɻҡһڷɻһһöתɵС
һһ³־úݵģһͷħһöɵѵõɵ˶Ҫﵽ״̬ſϷáһǲͬһھ˽ȥԪһתͽ֮α֮ȥˡ
һöɵĲ䣬˷ŵģ˽ֵԪʹԭԪ׵αٴԪ
һöɵףһܹʹõԪʱݡڲ˼֮Ծÿһζһħǰ̺ͨĽ֮նɱڲȥɵȥ
ߴΣħһñףֻû뵽һҲﵽ˾磬һܽһɵĵܡʹΧĴ㸶ˮһռ˱ˡ
޷֮£ħֻпսߣءֻʱ򣬶öɵһսսαԪҲָ˰˳ɣܹʹõԪﵽ߳ɡ˵ܹ֮ⷢ⣬˵ħһдȥ
ڸֱֵħҲоʮֲҲʲôħ֮æеͺ¿ʱæʱһʰǾ͸Լʬɣ
˻Ƭ̣¡¡룬˭ˡǽһŲ͸оڹϢ
ֻһǲ֪浽ʲôƣħͲͣһһȺ֪ħͷܾˣԲû롣
ļǸоһϢȻأȴԽǿңľ£ħȣų׸еԣæ˽
Ȼ֪һ뵤ħ֮ĹڣһţȻ֪˵ĵѵ˵ڽǲûֻ̳֡ǽһ񣬽󡯲ֹһٴѡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ħɷʥأħɫȻ䣬ֻƱǿȴû˵ʲôֻѪɫɨɨһһ
һǹһ˿Цüһ㣬·ͷᱦӰͽⱦɡ˳
·һ֣֮Բ֮ڣĽ̻ԻˢľͱɵȻĴףϢҲӷŻֺƴ浾Ȼǰ·Ťת󡯻֮Ϊá
Ȼ˺ǹͨ·󡯾ųɶ֮С·Ҳѧͨһ˼ӳ֣м޷뵽̫鲽ĿֲԼһոͻ˽ͨ磬ɫʮѿ


һ 鵤
ħȻ֪׷ʲô仯һɫѿҲ֪Ǻ£벻÷˱֮⣬ߺСӣӼ̳Ϲ̫ϵ̫һĴС˫ɹͬˣʱϣնɱڴˣȥΣ
ӱڳ⻰һݴ䡣Ҫ˵Ϲŷʢִж಻νڣǧ䷱ʢ˵ϹҲܹǸȫ档
Ϊڣǧ֮ϵĴڣ̫ϵ쳹ŽţĲ˵Ԫ鵤תϽ𵤵ඥɵ鵤һ֮˴ѡ
ӲҪиȽϣǿô˵ħ֮ķȻ÷֮ҶἤҲѣ̫ϵżϢ±ͥҲҪ𾪡ɴ˿ɼ̫ϵͷжô
ӣħ⻰ɫ仯˲䣬Ǿòܣ̫Ϲ̶ǧͷֱһϹŽ𵤴֣۽ǳ˵õġ̫ϡ֡
ӻȻ⡮̫Ϲ̫ϵĹʱٿһ񶼱һ䣬ԭĿ֮лһ˿أһҪƴһһȴ
ԵɳΪ̰ͼ̫ϵĴУΪףħܸԼΪԼһ֮ûл͵ء
ħͷúݵƣͷͬʱӿͷͬʱҲ֪̫ϵһǵĿڣҲܷŹ
λʦܣΪ˻̫ϵУħͷ֡һ̫ϵУ˾ˡ
ȹͷһҲ˲ʲôӣֱ˵⻰ķӷ׷׳ŵϢȻһǣȻҪˡ
ȴ˵һų·֮Ӧν̫鲽롮֮УͬʱԹһУеѾܹӳ̫鲽߳ɵЧǹһ˿Ц㷢˹
һĴǼսսȫħһԼﵽȫʢʱڣʱվ͸ˡ
һʼͽѪ·ٻһͬתͨħ֮ó롮УʱסԼתͷͳħһ
ħļѣȻ˶ڣԼµķһһһ֮Сֻһ˽תÿÿһͽһͷԿصɵߡ
ħһżȴãһȻսȴ֪һսսԻǴɽۻ뷨ֱӦһѾ㣬ͽ׵ɵ׽á
ʱŲ׵׷ʲôֻҪƹֹһȴ¡Ѫסˡ
ۼһҪڲ˶ļɵħܶ֡ǵħɫһݣȴһ֣ŭһſ͵һЩħ˿ûеֿ׷ըһöö鵤ɳ׷ȥˡ
˽ʮöɵĲ䣬ħϢǣҲñδ󺺣Ŀֻ˫Ŀ͸Ѫ⣬ſ¶ݣƺҪ˶ʳ
һ״üͷһһ۱㿴ħɣͬɼľ磬ʵȻ޽ӽɵˮ׼˵͸ˡͨҪԸĵҲǼѡȴ¶Ϊɵɫ
̫֮ȥɣ
ħһջأУߵͬʱɥʧ˴롣ֻǵҪնɱһСŭһħצͳһץȥ
⼸צ͸һСצӣһȻ㲻һУһöӨ͸ĵϣһֻڵϣʱɽ
ҫ֮£ħһצƺɥʧȫȻһⶼûд͸ð̣ʼɢ
ʱħƺָǣǰ龰㵵Ĵеɶ̫֮㵽ʲôΪʲôҵʶڼΪʲô
һһ治ͣĴһЦħħȻ̳ǻۣ֪۱̫ϵһ֧㲻ϡΪ򵤱̫ϵþûκֶֹܹħôԴһҾ׼һöյרΪ˶Ը㡣Ƿر壬ڲ֮Уһ޷ʱ㾹ȻɷŪʶңҾö֢ҩյǣΪѰɣ
⻰ħ󾪣æյרŶԸħĵ̫֮㲻Ҫ֪̫ŵôֻ֪֮ܣɱңԶ֪


һ ֶ
̫ŵܣһ΢΢ݣֻȴŹôõĻᣬһЦҲɱ㣬յֻǽʶСֻû˿ԪҩͬϵˣպҪ֪ʲôȻ㡣
⻰ħͷҪ֪Ϊ֮ħò׵õɣȻҪһöϵ֮УʹֱɱĿֲһʱ֮䣬ͼ鵤
һһУ֪ԼĻѾõħ⸡֪꣬ǷĺûᣬϵһתȻһЦħڣٽ̫ϵɣ޾գգ
һա֣һĶα𵤣һԪеʱǡյ⻪⻪ҫһӰӵħڳ롮յȥˡ
û˵ħʶ֧ţӴ˲߽⣬һööɵת˳
ЩɵȻûеƣдͷոɾҪ롣ֻһ̫֮ʲô鵤ɵҪƣûӳɣ㱻һſһ븹ȥˡ
һдһ֣ħ̶ʮʱһ촫˶˵Ƿǰ
Ӵƣѱ𣬻ʹõʵǣһɫÿڶ˱֮⡣ֻѾ֪һĴܣֻһеڶ·ѡ
һһ䣬ߴߴиͣ鵤һ֣ɵҩ籡עºѪ·ڣ˲ʱ䣬߷ָٴγƣֻٵһ߷ռš
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һһԣҡҡͷıѾôʹȥ񲻿ϧοϻᱦ̫ϵУѵǾͲҪ
һԣüͷһ壬̾һʩǷǴ򲻿ˣֻʩ֪ս֮󣬼̫ϹʤҲǲʤһδٿ¾ѹˡ
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ڣһ˲һα䣬ս֮СӼ״Ȼȴң׷ʩչֶΣϢһ׼ŹһһֹѰͻơ
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һһȫʩչһ˽ʱԡͨĸﵽ۷壬һ֡ŵϲó飬ޱܡǶ滹ӣҪͣϸϸ
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һ֪ȻȥԼվʤʱһֲĸоӿͷ
ѵ˵һȺлкֲɣԣһˣһ֪ذܣ԰֪ͨˣսپòʹһˣ뵽˴һͷ
ʱҲڰԸϢƳȻ㲻̡ͬʱҲĵȴǵԮһ²⣬ͷжԼһȻе£Ƿ˳Զʳ뷨תϢˡ
ֻΪ˶һֺôԼֵܹԮǰֻ˵Լ˱ضûнһϻᱦ̫ϴе˵ȥ
νΪΪʳһøһһᡣһ˽ոսһͿʼ߶һŽ


һһ ײ
ɱ֮ɱ¾ܹ֮õһŽ֮ǰһ˽ɱ֮͸һνһǰǿһ
ֻһնлԪʼ⾳·̺һ¡һײʲôͨ׷߽⣬ǷʮͨһҲ׷飬ûһ֮С
ӳԾѣһҲǰѾӦһսƥһҲңæ˴߶ֵͨ
ȻһȻǿ˵ɱɣŷԷóһٽٵСͨԼ֮ͨ󣬽ͽҲֲ֧ס˽ͬʱĻһѹ
ľһһֹڹȥͷңֻǾڴ˲䣬ǿһ߲ʹ⻪һһ̾͡ˢҫϣһ˲ֻûһɣɢʶƮ
ӶǾϹоֱ仯ȻɼҲоã׷ײϧķԪĶ̨Ƭ̾ͻָ˷
ֹֻУʤ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ǳһֶ߽һзȻƬ̣ȴҲǵʧܡ
ջָֻһѾ˲ķ˲۽һֳֽһץһ߲˸֦ǾĪҪʩչֶηʱһץ֦ٴγˢ˹һ˲ʧĸоٴӿ
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һɬĦһ䣬һüģ˲ʱ䣬ѪĽ޺ҵλķӾ£ǰһĻᶼûС
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һΪ˸֮ǰɱӣԥĽǧġ߱ʹ
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ʮɱһˡǵǰһõдաһ˲ϢתĴΣ˵һ֮⣬ӶڻĄ̊́ͱ߱Ѳ
תۼ䣬ǰֻʣµһһˣ׼䣬µĵһҲնɱʱ򣬵һӾȻԤһ
ֻʱһĽѾ˵һüһ粻ĵط״ǿʩչֶΣֻҪһԴ߽ýһ£ֱ̨ݻٱʲôӣǷ涼û
һȻҲûѡǿںҪɱңҪ㣡
⻰һ벻ܲһ£ͨһӵ۾оԷȻֵȷʵ̣˼һת£עüģȴûд̨ǻһ㽣˿̨֮ϣȫ
ʱ߱ڶˢЧľһɱһܵսʤ˼ʮӡ
ԴмĿǾδĵһһۣ֮ս޽ȥˡĸּҲҷŵӿռ֮Уһ췴ǿɲǺ顣
ӵźһǲ壬ȻԷǻ֮ϣûӲԷ׷׽·ԡзӡ˱ǡ
һУһͷŷԮֽһս֮󣬲ſǰսֻû˵ħһ̫Ϲƽֻ֣Ҫʱڽ涾ܣȴǲܡ
Ȼû֧ţ涾ϾսݣǹƥܽĶ֡õһӷ涾Ӷ߷ʱڽһսȴ̫ġ˿й⻪ֻһ֮ġ߱ô˱һԡ
һԣѶ̫ϹƬ֮󣬱̫ϹһλսȻĵĿ涾ȫȻһƴģ涾ָ֮ҲЩżæͷųһϵдֵһ̫Ϲһ棬ʱ¶һЩյ
һҪľᣬ̤̫鲽һһ߾ͷɵ涾ķ棬˫ץסǡ߱͵ؾһˢ
һˢֶ߱ȥһ޴߲ʺ涾ı档˲ʱ䣬涾棬Żתķɿ󷨾Ȼһǣ⻪˲һʲôʧ
̫ϹǱħƿأȻ֪һô쵽£һĴѣ͵ȴʱ̣̫Ϲһ㣬͵س涾ײȥ


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һ죬ֻװݵ̫Ϲ涾ڲײһǳײ
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һ̫ͻȻһ̻ȫսһѾ˴зӷͽû׼һΪ½ЩֺͽǾ
ˣ̫Ϲƥײ֮ǿȻءЩڶӷͽ֮УΪĶĻԲѣѪΪһҲڲΨзϣ൱ĸֲǿڷɣҲԹ˲Ͼ˵ˡ
ۿһУ涾֮⣬ϰ޺ĸַ׷׷ڶһҪӣһҪֵֽ١ֻǸոշһ˲ͷ׷ˤڵءǰվһˣһ˭ˡ
ֻһͷ㣬סǿ˹ĳܿʮ֮ڡ֮ϣöĽɫתͣǳ˵һ֮⣬ķӵ
֮ʦͽ֮໥֮ϵһһͽ׷ŵӶܹʹʦǰֶΣʦǰҲõ˵֮ǿԪԴԴϡˣűɵǿҲŽᡣ
ҲˣҲһˣǾֻҪ˱˵Ҳ׷ܵơϵԽУԽܣƾԽٲѶܹ֮ˡֻһ˵֮ǷŵרԵħûַԲ¡
һڣȻ֮֮ķţԴʱķ֮еϵ׾ͽЩӷͽסķԼ
һȺŸˤһأٿһͷĽһɫ䣬׷׺Сʦʦ𡯲ֻͣһǣǻûаһһһĽǽս޽һȥˡ
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ЦһһһųƬ̱СնС飬һ򵥷Ը䣬ʱ֮ڽ涾󷨿ƣҿߡСԣ˵涾ȥˡ
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һԣڷʥɵֶεԵҲЩɻ󣬲ʱҲЩʱһ£Сٴ֮Уһ̣ű̫Ϲðе涾Ȼٴο˿ٶȳħ֮ȥ
涾ʧǿյͷһɵĿռѷ֣һԻ͵ı֡һ˵սݣųƽⷨãɼԪͭսҪǿһĴڡ
絽һһս»бһѾʤˣ˴ȥ¥գսǿҲ˿áⷨѲһ޹֮ӰɳĴѲһ޹ڽⷨǰᡣ
ӰһֳֵֽķɮģųƽַڶۺУ񣬵Ů磬˶޺۷ĸ֣Ҳһ¸֡
֮нַƢ󣬼ȣԼ˸ϵȴӰûУ߲ѣһ½ʵڿɶ񣬾ȻϷŪҵȣǶ̫ˣԺټ棬Ҫһÿ
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һ ̫
ͷˣȴ죬ʾͬʱַʦ̫ע⡣
ѯʵĿ⿴ԼҡҡͷȻԷֶθֺۼĨһɶٸֶҲ˿ҿһЩͬŲǸʲô׶༪ˡ
˻һַʦ̫һ㶣˸ʩչͫʼϸϸƬ֮ǹȻҲЩɫʱѿ
ַͷɫ͵شŭһ˭ȻҶҷŶֽ֣ⷬŲħһΧѵֲɣ
ʦ̫ҲüͷҲûпܣϾҪĶҲˣһ·ǲĿڣΪЩôֶֻ֡û뵽ǾȻҷŶ֡
̾һλֻͬǶΪδӷ벻ͨˣа˻أƣ׼ϵϽ磬λδɣ
ôԣַŭʦ̫Ҳûע⣬˵ͷ˻ⷵؽⷨã֮ǰƿĿռѷͳȥ
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ԭ̫ϵΪ֧һ̫ϵѹҲΪŻ̫һ̫֮šŷ
Ҫ֪Ϲʱнķ֮⣬Ҳޱյˣг̫һΪǿ֮⣬ӣȻ˵ӸӢȴƵ£ƿӺ
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ֻͽ̫֮´в걸ͱŻһȻ֪أԪ鵤ƷŶУΪȴûͻɾ硣˺ħٱһнݣ
һڿʳһ֮Ҳ赤ħ˵ʲôԼͿʼõе˿Ȼڵһ㣬صļ֮е֪ˡ̫֮šϢ


һ ̹֮ģ
ţÿһųƵһϹŴ֮һ룬϶Ϊһ֮֮ʣ֮ˣõпٵصõ̫֮ʱΪҹ̫˼̫֮ŵĻᣬֻǿ֮ǰصĶϽƬܹ̼䷢һ£һ¶ϡƾαɾ磬ǿתһûмĻᡣҵõ̫֮ţŻϢųɾŻһμǾʹ˳ɹ䲻ܹõϹŴܹ֮Ԧһֵʲôɣɶڻ¡һٽްҲǰһ
뵽˴һͷѣܿ뵽ѴֻһƻΨһ谭һͽ̫֮·֮ǰоȻ̫֮ŲصϹصڣ˵е̹֮ģ֮СһڣϹʱ򣬳Ǵ񼶱𣬱ֻɾſܽС̫鲽Ȼǽݾ񾳽ԲһϹѾ飬Ϊ磬䣬ڤȵƬ̹֮ġҲ֪ȥˡѰȴǸ鷳Ǳ磬Ǿ͸ûпˡ
뵽˴Ѫ·ʱͺһʳԼǰߣȴָԼĻһ㲣ֶɼһ㡣
ˣȷһߣȻ̫֮ŵϢվһõֵġǰҪȴν磬Լνܵ顣
Ѫ·ʰ飬ħ·ӡһֱǰӵĵһ¶ȻͬǷ²һ뵤ħȴвͬŭֻǾǵȴʲôһ㡣
оѪ·ĳ֣һӻֻѪ·һв¶һ˿ʧ顣
Ѫ·״ʱ׶Է뷨Цʦǰ⣬ǿҰɣһ߷Ѱͬ뱾֦ͬһһپ٣Է뱾졣
⻰ǵһɫ΢΢һ䣬ѵ̫ͨϵķƶɣ
Ѫ·Ҳܻ䣬˵ͷ׼ȷ˵ʹͨɣ⻯ʬ֮
⻯ʬ֮һɫʱͨ죬֪ԭд˵ȷţˣҺαɴӷ𰡣
Ѫ·ΪҪ˵ʲô˭֪Ȼôһ䡣û뵽ĵһӾȻɵתĸ֣ڷ֮ȴѵá
Ѫ·ҲûԼĿģһɷ޶ֻ֮˲ˣҲҪģ֮ǰ˵˵ȷʵֵδⲻһǲֵעҪǼһˡ
һָ̻Ѫ·һۣ̾һ˵ʵ˵Ҫɴӷ˵𡣵һֻһɢޣƾԪӤڵΪ
ԭһӵɵӣϼѣΪΪɢޣʾʹµµԸݵ伮Ѱӵϵȴеڡҵ򱻵ʦأתø˵ϵõ硣
һ磬ƾڵԺͳȻļ㣬ڳͬ٭Ϊµ֮ס磬涾ʮꡣ
Ѫ·һֻҲϣϾһɼֵľ˵Ҳ档һӵȴûǾܣѯһ䣬һӵ˵ͷڡ
νʧ֮磬֮ɣܡƶɮɴӷ˽ճɾͣȴûǶԸż׷Ѱ˭֪ش֮ʣҾȻôһܡǾڷ·ǰȻΪ˿ħʵȴΪ˴Զţ̫ʱڵһأֻҪõأӵϹŴ֮ٵ֮ʱĳʼܹ֮õֻΪϹʱΪ˶ȹħ٣ϹŴ񽫸ñ롮顯ӡħ֮ڲ㡣ƾ顯ñγôһħ֮֮ͬʱӡĻʱ䷨Լֿռ䷨򡣡
ʱ䷨򣬺Ͳֿռ䷨򣡡Ѫ·һ˼һתһЩĻ̫Ϲ仯ԭڲ㿪ʱ䷨й¶˺µĳ̶ȡյһ˵ڲ㾹Ȼ˱أǱ̫һбػҪǿȵκһϹŶȫôѹͥȻҲҪˡ
뵽˴Ѫ·æʵˣ֪Ǳؿʲôͷ
ͷһԣ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷҴ̽ƺ̹֮ģա


һ ͨ콣
̹֮ģգ
Ѫ·ԣɫһ䣬û뵽ŻΪѰ̹֮Ķ̾͵õôһϢν˯ͷ
ɺϵ飬Ѫ·ҲЩţϲû̫¶ֻǵʵȷҵľ̹֮ģգ
һһţæͷϢƽɮпŵáʦһ£ҼУԲŸ֪ҡ
Ѫ·Ե˵ͷУĵһˣ˵ģǿ°˾Ųʮˣ
Ȼȷôһ£Ѫ·жشתҪȥϧϱҲҪѣ¡ʱһٴοڽס
㻹кôѪ·Щ͵
һӵǲѪ·֣̹ȻʵʵǲǶⱦҲ֮ģ
ӵһӵ̬֮УѪ·обĶҲϣΣΣ
һ˫Ŀ΢յûдǱصע⣬ƶɮ޻˵ǵѶԱ뷨Ǿƶɮһԡ
Ѫ·üͷһЦã͵ҶǱȤϾͥҪרǲֶζȡıأ˭ûȤʲô˵ǡ
һӼ̹ȻҲ˵ͷȻˣƶɮͶˡȻʵǿ󣬵಻ħ൱һݣͥ͸ࡣοƲ⣬һ˻ֻǲӣ̵ֻ棬Ȼ½ʱԵһʵҪᱦأֻˮһգ֣ǿϧ
ˣѪ·ͷһȻɵһΣ´һȴûо˵ѵ˼
˼һת뵽С̹֮ġա˼䣬߻ôãֻһĿԼͣٵǲ
뵽õĽԼ־ڱصõġ̹֮ġաнһǿˣѪ·ͷһתͷһӵ˵ЩҲ壬Ȼ˵Ȼн֮˵ɣ
һԣҡҡͷҪ֪ҲδɣֻǷǸƶɮܣұ֤ܹõڶʱʵΪɣǵѴӦұ˵ǲԸ͵û˵
ʱʵѪ·üͷһһӵ˵ܣ˵֮ȣ˵ȴС̫ࡣȻԷܣȻܱ׽һΣͿԱ׽ΣѾвԸӦ
ã˵ȷʵЧұӦ㣬а٣䱾ǣӣ㳹ʧ˼䡣
Ѫ·˵֮ŨŨɷһǧ֮նǵһϹƣٱɷһҲЩľ
Ǹܣȴʮֵģ˵ͷ˵˵ܣֻҪѻǧʱ⣬Ȼֻܹ֡ʱֶ룬ǧ꣬ʱǨҲáڣǵѸյõĶ챤ݡ涾
ԭ涾֮ǧǰϹű֮ĵһʦ֮䷢ֵһϹɵ֮ʱһɵȻ˿ûյϹűӰ죬н󷨰㲻ΨһֵǣȻ˶ûС
Ŵϲ壬ԶôһˣǵһʦȻŹʹô֮󣬱÷𷨽࣬ΪʥأΪ涾ƾ硣
һɵͨӳɹܹʹɾһ涾졣ҲΪʲô֮ǰС龹ȻǷʥأں˾ȻɵƺĵԵʡ
ʵˣһӻҿ˺ڡϾϹżȻôҲһôһɵĴڶʱʵĵԵʣһɵѰ
Ҫ֪һڽ֮ǰóھżɾͷ֮Ҳûзá֪ôһϹټȻŹżʮȷ֮£һϹŽڵż
ߵĶǺֶΣǡзǡǧֶζȥΨһ۽Ȼ뽣أȴǻһ;ϣڽ֮һȴǲࡣ
ϷʥؾȻýŵżڷŵŲһֱضһΪ˱𣬲֮˵
Ѫ·˵ϹŽţҲȤ˼һתʵϹŽţָ֪һң
һӼѪѯʣ֪Լص֪֪֪ͨ콣


һ ͨ콣
ʲôͨ콣Ѫ·һ֮ǰ̹֮ģնԣϳԾ֮ɫŨڸεʵ˵ĿϹʱ̫ϵԪƺŶ򽣹ڡͨ콣
һӼѪģ϶ʱЦ⣬ͷѲϹŴת¼ָơһżǴ˵е򽣹ڡͨ콣ӣǡͨ콣֧ܲڣųƽʥصġ
ţ˵涾ϹʱĽ⻰Ѫ·ǳԾֱ˵Ǽһǵͨ졣
Ҫ֪ΪϹ֮ʿܹʵȺ£ʵĸΪޡ֮֮С֮Ѿõ̫ϵϴУһ̡
ڡ֮Ȼƾ츳ﵽ˿˼ĵز̫ϵ֮վҰ·ӣȻͻͽһ츳þʱ˵þͻֹǰĵ飬ҲϷͨҼħԭ֮һ
ȻõϹʱͷ̫ϵһ㣬Ϊϴɡͨ콣żǵõ֮أųƽʥؽоϲ𺳾ˡ
˷ܹ˷ܣѪ·һħģôˣɫһڣʵһӵУ˵ĿģˣΪʲôŲңҪ˵ʲô֮ƨкԵʣ˵
һӸоѪ·ɢɱ⣬ЦһѪ·Ƭ̣ŵȻѲµƶɮҲڿ˵ȻҷŲǴһʼ֪Դ֪Ժûһ̲뽫֮ȻǽʥأȻʲô˶ܽģǵδֶܷ֮ǰҲһָ񣬼ȻΪˣûʸ񣬱˵ãǽжܡ
ô˻Ѫɫָͷҽ̫ϵż֮Ҳ谭ǵһö̫͡ƪ˵ǽУ˵ð·ͱСɱҽУ̫֮һҲǺùġͨ콣롮̫ϵ൱ĴڣʥءȻ᲻Ҳ̫֮һر˵˽ȥˣǷŵֲģ佻˲罫ڶȽϺá
뵽˴Ѫ·ҲûиһӺɫһƨ˲ڿֻ˵ˣñȥȻͿô
һɫ˿䣬һŵӷˣƶɮֻѽȺȻȵϵݺ²ܵġʫԲһܹȥԲû˵
Ѫ·û뵽Ȼǣʫʵ˼ǣɣ
һӵͷΪͻƾ磬ĴѲΣս֣ʱƶɮ磬֮һսΪΪ߹һ磬սʤ֮Լ涾֮У˭֪ײȻżڣ֪ʲôô겻ʵһսٲʤ˺Ҿݴƶϣ֪ͨ콣
ѪԣͷԭˣѹͬʱϹǾǰҪתͶħħ֤̤;ʫǰһս£ԭǻͨ콣еԵʡˣһͨ콣УʵȻͻͽĲ˵ٴ֮ǰްˣʱѾ̫֮ţ顯Żٲ֮ˡ
뵽˴ѪĿ˵һһۣ˵һṩȷʵܹɣֻ̫ϵͨ콣̫ף֮ߵλδ֤Բܾʹ˷㡣԰̫ϹһֱĹأҾѺǧ꣬Ϊ̫ϹǧԺһڣܷˣֻܸһľɣ
˵Ѫ·ȵһһĽƺҪʲôּͽٴηӡ̫Ϲ֮Уһڵȥˡ
һУѪ˿ûлԼԾͳȥºͱҲýѣһ뱾𱳺ȥˡ
Ƭ֮һ˫͵һ籡ǽϣֱӽԼֲõĽƴһϡãҡ
ֻʱͲںЩһϲ̹֮ģաͨ콣Ϊһֻս˷ţõЩ²û뵽Ȼ֮ϲããã羹ȻƣȻˣҲݹҲ˴ˡ
˵գվѪ·ųҲ˵ʲô˵ͷͳȥǱڸװ涾


һ ֮
涾̫Ϲ񣬼ͬ綼Լ̫ϹһʵǿֶγڣҪʱڽôһȻҲǺѡ
ֻһ뵽һٲСС֣ǽôһƴᵽȻ࣬ȴûԹΪսܣò̫ϹǧЩħӶҪԶ̫Ϲе˼˵Щλɢޣ̫ϹǱʥػʥصĴڡ
һһߵĶ̫鲽һӷ־Ѿ涾ĺڣҲǵһͨ򡮽ͨ
ҪеʱһסתȥС˭ˣСԻСƤһ˻ˣӰ룬СΪƹڣһܹ˱ˣȴ
С˵ԻˣȥѵСһһôǱʮأоиСƥеĴڣСƤһٴ˿û뵽ˣСˡ
⻰һһ㶣ͨ콣̫ϵһڣ˵󷨿޼Ҳյһ˵ʱƺȫ˵൱ʵ±ȵСǿ˰ٱֹóȻ룬һ鷳ˡֻǼȻڣ󷨾Ȼ⵹֮
뵽˴ѯʵС飬а飿
С鱾ڴ»Щ϶һѯʣʱӿɺ飬Сظ˷ģСɲǵСˣ񼸺ָ˰ٷ֮һʵѰȴҵĶ֣
һ״֪СһڣҲǼȻˣһոһ֡
һҪԼһͬСԾһֵĺûᣬæͷǡһ˵ͷһССƤ𣬳ͨȥ
֮ͨнƣͲ֮ػǧ֮ңǵһĸֽҲҪڰ졣һ̫鲽ٶȼ죬̤ÿÿ̤ڽƵ㴦ʮ߹һξ롣
ʱһķ֮Уַ䷨ٲȻһ󣬶һͨ˼ټ򵥲ܹͨͿԽһ׶Ρ
һΪʦѰһ۾ܿƣһѾﵽ켶󷨵ĳ̶ȣº͸ѾޣԼҲ͸ʵ
ʱΪСȻͳˡ½Ҵһ֮Сѵ¶һ˿㵵ı飬ָ󷨾е⣬ⲻҵӵеʮ󷨵ġɭôôѵ˵Ҳõ󷨲ɣ
һҲ΢΢Ծ̫ϵص֮Ҳ֪Сһ̫ϵɡá䴫֮Զ䲻̫ϵȴռͽ󣬸ּӱ鲼£ɢ֮䡣
ˣġȴǲ࣬ײ̫֡ϵ̫ǡĵԲãÿһ󷨼ش
˵˴󷨾Ȼ̫ϵһǾ˵ǡ״Ӳãܾǵ֡
뵽˴һԼС顣ɳԾƺ廳ԼǴһ㣬֪СǷܹ󣿡
Сܲ˼⻰СǺ죬һ˳ȥֻһȻҲС˼֣Ȼ£֮ȥˡ
һɭΪ飬֮еĽ١ΪԽߣĽԽءԲɼĵһӣСɳֽѡ
һУĽٻԽأȻʮа˾ܹƾļᶨȹķʱ;Ȼʮ־޴
СУͲӵСɭԷǵĽ٣ᳵ·׵ľͽУʼƿ
һ˿ûɣȫעһһ仯ȻС鼴󷨵ʱ򣬷Ż˳ӵ󷨶ȻһɹԪȻСµӡѸٳˢС鶼˳
ͬʱһ˭󵨣Ȼҵ󷨣ֶȻ̫ȥ֣飡
⻰ӵСθݣХһ֮СһǶ˺ģȻ̫Ϲʹãһʱ䣬Żָٴα


һ ʮ
С鲻ǡõ飬ƽΪԼһ£񣬲û̫෢ϵֶΣȫʩչһһҲҪСĶԸ󷨾ȻѸٵꡣ
Ƭ̣СдˣǰһɭѾСո
һԣҲһץСƤһʹһҽͨȥܿ죬СʹӺһöģĶйӰãȻǷŵġɭ
Сһ˵㿴һ䵽СˣǼһȻСͬһ飬ʵȻǿ࣬ȴǸľͷԴͨ׾ͱС˹
һԣ佱һ䣬ǰ⻪һתһСΪƵͯӵסȥ·һ˫۾ĿһˣĮ˵ǵʲôˣΪδҽصأǱ֮˲룬黹󷨣ȥһ
⻰һϲǶԷȻһǿ飬ϲȷʵǴ˵нʥء
Է˼һ飬뵽ʫɵľ˼һС鼴ڵĻͯһֵͯͨڣҲ˵ȣ󽣶ͨ콣򽣹ڣܾһ֮˰ɣ
˵֮䣬һһɽⲪȻͻƽ֮ͨϽ⣬˲Ϣ֮˷·֮һһ㡣
ܵһɽ⣬ͯӹȻ΢΢ݣ˵ͷͨȷʵ֮ˣֻҴϸоһɵϢԳͨ
ϢһԼܹʫһлôкô˭֪ԷȻݳ仰˼һתʱʲô
ˣ̫ϵͨ콣Ȼͬ֮ƺʲôȻû̬ƣϹʱһͨޣ޵޽ʵҪһ棬ʲôٶˡ˿ԷϢ˵̫ϵĵҪаͷʫǰڽҲǴھ飬˵ʲôˡѵ˵һһҪӲɡ
һͷᣬڡͨ콣̫ͬϵһĳ羴ǲ붯ǿ鲻ԼͨǾЩòˡ
ʱһԵСȣȻж֡һһݣͯӡͯӱԻãС鶯֣ƺоСͬԴϢԲûӱܣһУûһС鶯
ƴѰͬԪ֮⣬󷨱仯Կģб仯ȴһ̫
ܿˣһҲ֪ҲöˡȻ֣㲻飬֮ͽ޽ͷųԸ󷨣ȻԿýԿڣʲô仯Ҳܵų⡣
ֻͯӼһ޽ʩչȻٲǷԶȥĿһһ۵ȻʾΪλҪҶ
һԲȻû뵽νﲢʵʴڵĶ˼һתʱף⡮޽򡯵ʫеõֻ˵һڵȴû˵һ룬˵Ȼͨ콣Ľõˡ
뵽һͷЦѣȻأҲ࣬˲佫޽ƺŸûнŵ˼΢΢һЦͯӵȻˣ֪¿ɷ󽣣
ͯƺС˵ǰΪľګûʶſܾһս˵ͷȻнΪȻѰֻأѰ֮˱һ·Լȥһʮ㣬ÿһ㣬Իһݽſ԰롮ͨ콣ΪʽӣѧС㷽ſֶΣ˵һز㣬˻ԭ·ͨ
أһüͷ΢塣ŵġɭ֪˲ŵһأ˿ɼʮμˡ
뵽ʲôڵͯӣʮ֮ڣж˳ΪΪʽӣ
ͯҲû˼ҡҡͷʮ֮ڣΪʽӵˣһûСһͨʮ㣬Ϊŵӣõġ޽򡯾ǵʱĽ
һһΪʫͨʮ㣬Ϊʽӣ˭֪Ҳֻͨʮ㣬Ŵˡ޽򡯵ֶΡ˵Ҫͨʮμѣͬܵõĺô


һ һѡ
һͷп־᲻ѵʱͯƺʲôԴˣӦûһˣ
һӵһӿе֪ʫɽѯһ䣬Ҫһο˭֪ͯӾȻ˵һˣʱֳһ
ͯƺ˵˵һ֮ǰûǴʱ֪ʲô취Ȼͨؿֱӽʮ㡣ֻʱûعΪɣȥȥ֮ǰҲһЩôͨ콣Ź˼ΪպŹʹԸһΪŵӵĻᡣ
⻰һ뵽ʲôִһͣһö֣ݸͯӵͯԿǴ
ͯһҲЩԾֽй˿Ƭ̣ͷǴû뵽һ֮Ȼӵѵ˵ǵ˵ҡͨ콣Ե֮˲ɣ
һȻӲ˭֪ԼȻǰҲ˵߾Լ뽣·ˣϴһ˵ԼġǬʵͨ콣Źˡ
ͨ콣ԵҼ̫ϵ̫֮ͨ콣Եѵ˵ʲôϹŴתɡϹŴ˵˵ˣҽ֣ѵƺˡ
ѾᶨʯһԸΣǰҲЩղסʼֵĲȵһʱ䣬Ϣ籡Ȼ߻ħļ
СȻͯӣŭһ׶ʲô̫֮ôͨ콣ԵջǰԣСƴˡ
⻰һԵСƤҲһΪԳ̫ʱҪС鲢սԸͯӡ
ֻͯ˿ûԼʲô˼ССƤҲһǷ߻ħһ˵Ȼͨ콣Ե֮ˣʮ㽣֮·ҲùˣҿΪŵӣŹڣһЩͨԽ̸㣬ҲΪͨ콣֦ɢҶɣ
ͯһȫȻǺĵ˼ֻһʱǧȥͯӵļã˵ΣһɲشſڵȻ㲻ش𣬾͵Ĭˣʹ㹦ȫˣ̤һҰɣ
˵䣬ͯӾҪһ书ҪʱһǸӵϢ˲һͷֳһɨաһ˲һһٴλָһϢ
ǰҲգҲգڽҲգҲգұҡͯӣÿķϸŵӵ벼ʮ㣬ҪһƾܷΪͨ콣ĵӣ
⻰ͯ¶һ˿Ծ֮ɫһֱľګĮͶһ˿ͣҲ˵˵ͷƮȻʧһ̣⻪תһԼС飬СƤȫͻصڣֻ뷽Ųͬǣ˴ٲһͨһʮ
ȻСؽ¥Ϊƣ˵Ȼǵʱѧ˴˷ص«áֻġؽ¥ǽϵġ¾Žеһפأ˴ǡƣ֮
ʮһʲô֪ͯӴʱɿˡ¡Ĺܣ滹Ҫ鲻̫ʱ䣬ܹıʱ䷨򣬻ͯӼӿʱ١
˻һƬ̣һرķ֮ᴩռ䣬ʱ䣬һоһжʮ˵ͯӸıʱ٣ƿصʱٱ̫Ϲǿ
һж׼һССƤ򵥷Ը˼䡣СȻͯʮֲս뷨ȴΥһֻȥһתͷ˿ǻͨ쳤ʮ˹ȥűС
ʮһ㣬ۿȥһޱ޼ʵĿռ䣬ռ֮Ư֮ǰСȡġɭ֪ʲôʱָ
ֻǰأһӼ֮ƺÿһĶһЩɱ֮ն֮ÿһƺҪ̴ڡ
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龰һϲʫ䣬Ȼ룬ɴ̹ĽҲֵֻǶڵأɱ


һ Ե
̫ϹһսΪһʹѪһ˶ûѣôһϢȻ
ʱţ缸ʧڻ˺ܶ˵Ĳ²⡣˵ħ󲿶ӣ˵Ƿʲôأ˵Ǹ͡
֮ͻأʧִŶڡʱǡ뿪̫ϹȻע⣬ȴû̫ϹֵĿܡ
ԭΪ˿̫ϹʵǿҲܱȵ϶һ磬ںϢľġ涾Ǹǲˡ
̫Ϲһضطȴͳ˹֡ʶ֮ĻַСĴڡһʱ̫Ϲȴŷ츲صı仯
Ϊ¡Ŀһ̫꣬Ϲʮʱ⡣ʮڣ̫ϹӼһ̶ûͣϢĽ涾Դȫᵽ̫ϹС
Ҫ֪涾ԡΪźķǧʱ޵бݡֲϣֶΣ޾۵̣̫Ϲԭ̫ϵĹ֮⣬Ȳ涾
̫ϹһĹ滮֮£ʹ̫ϹΪ壬ľΪʮĿŶΪĹǼܡõ涾һӴĵ̳⣬̫Ϲÿһ̶ڷҵı仯
Ĳ˵ԭ淽ԲǧĿռֱչʮǿ۵ռı仯С⣬ʹʮռ۵ǧ֮ڣԭֻʮ仯ʱ䷨Ҳչʮ
Դ̫ϹȻһǰûб仯ǽоܷ֣̫ϹѾǲ涾ľްԣǱص涾ǿ
涾Ľ壬Ĵ¶£С͵õһԸ
ΪзŽýǰ֮СԴֶͨνǶ̫ϹУΪ̫ϹۣһԽýǽʲôҲܹסνһá
ڽĴ̫⣬ֻ֪ܵһ׽ˣֻ֮ħ֪һһŲ֪
СΪִһһƣ׼̫ϹѹԷ⣬˭֪ǽͯӣƺһ㣬ȻǶͷų̫ϹϣյõЧһ²⻹Ҫϰٱ
ֻһж˳ͬʱ뽣ʮһȴһֱûϢȴѩƷƣ̣ԼߴӶĲѣ֪ڵǾַȴһ
ֻһȾһ룬̫Ϲоʮ꣬ٻɽеʱ䣬Ǿͽһʱ䡣
ʮ㽣ĵʮڣһڤڤ硣ûпûûй⣬·һжûдڣ滹ûе
ʱһɫƾճ֣ģһ֣ʱ䣬ռ䣬ܻƺҪγһ硣
ʱһ崫б仯ģһеһжѸΪһһ⻪⻪һȻһ콣⡣һһѷ֣һӰѷ֮˳
˲һ˭ˣ뵱ʮ㽣ͬʱһƮȻΪַ·һнΪϢ
޽ʮԭǿ齣֮·ߵͨͨʥ·ԵľǱĶˣͨͬֻԡΪԴڵģǷͨ
˵ӽƾһնһѷ֣һŻ֣˵ͨһŻ
һŻǸһĿ飬˭֪ۿȥֻһټĵãŰǰǰֻһ̨ƺʲôĵط
ɻʱͯӴ߳һֵŵʮǿԵһͨ콣ǷԵ
һЩȻԼֻڵʮ㣬ôͻȻͽʮ㡣ܿ׹ʮʮһʮΪ˲Խ֮·ߵ֮ͨ·ֱӾͿͨͨʥ˽һĻᡣ
һǲԵһҲų⣬ʮõ൱Ľڵⱻ´һ罣һ㣬оӣ򺬶¶Ѫ
ͯԼѡһ£ԵƬ̣ҡҡͷ˽֮λҵһ˵գֱߵǰ棬ȴûȡһλ£ڻϯض


һһ ֻ
һһΪͯӿΪ⣬Ҳûж˵ʲôһתʧһ̣һӰãԭһ˲ŲƵһƬǺ֮ϣ˷ϼ
ͬʱԭտյĵڣһ֮ԳõӰǸ̨֮һģӰƮȻ֣ոռ٣ռ·ˮ࣬˲һѹһ·Ҫ֮ѹȥһ㡣
һ֪ΪԼû֮ϣûеõԵʡһ֮ѡͨʮԵʾΪ߳Լĵ·ѡԤ׼õţ˳Ϊͨ콣ӣõУҲѰĽᡣ
һ̤볤磬Ҳ죡һͺһ¹ͽʼֿһѹһʱ䣬Ȼסһ;ϵѹܹԱ
ò˵һʱ˵ŷͬѰáȻûƬ̵ʱ䣬ЩϹʱͨ콣ͽĹؿص㲻ΪڵĽ͸ԾһˣĵĽ⼰;ǧ
˵ǰʯһ飬᲻ɴݣټ᲻ɴݣҲо紵ѷʱ򣻶Ѿ˰֣֮Ტãˮ֣紵ɰ۲ӡ
һԵȻô򵥣ĲϵֿѹҲԽԽǿԽԽءЩӰƺŭأʼųһʵĽǧ˷ɱ
Щ֮һȻ壬һЦʫһרѪ˵䣬͵վҲڳһѪĽӭ޾Ľ
Ҫ֪ЩĽȻֻͨ콣µһ˿γɡÿһǴﵽͨĴڣϹʱµĽɡȻһ˿һĽ֮ǿһѰɵɥʧս⡣
һЩĽֿ֮Ȼ·磬ȴ㲻ŴңԽսԽ£ԽսԽǿÿһײԼ֮𲻿ȴûһͣ£ƺЩ˵ǻɱõĥ
һʮʮҹЩӰ֮˿ûмһ֮һҲԽʡȴѾֳƣ֮ɫɼϵǿҲЩֵס
ʱЩ֮ƺ㣬ϲȻһķ֮һǿޱȣ·֮ص
һʮϤȻԴأȴ֮Ҳǵ֮Сܵˣ֮
µΨ£ϵ޵£ģģΪأ
һ˲һ·سδǰԶʱһԺ֮Уһһǿգǹ٣ĺɱȻ壬ּ䣬ĵ֣ɱС
һ˲䣬ΪѣΪ֣ħ£һҲֻһ·ɱȥƺһֻɱһ˲䣬һȴܴӰоһ˿¶
ǧӣȻ˭飿
һͷʱӿһֱ룬Ҫ԰εʱǺͣ½ŲȻתͷֻԷĿͱɱڣԼ촽΢ƺ˵ʲô󻹹һ˿ϤЦݣȻһûʶ
һ̣ʵ֮Уһٿһķ֮ϳ˵Ȼһ˿̾Ȼ֮ǰǺһ޶ҡҡͷȻջĽһ˲ķ֮谭롣
ֻһ̴һϷǵûаʹ飬ֻǰ֮̾Ũֽ̽ķ֮ǽ뾹Ȼһ糤ĶϽƬһֱڵļ֮һ
ϣĲû뵽֣ԭˣؽ̣ͨ콣֮󣬾ȻʽУ֮˵֮Ԫ¾ݾ
ʱһзȻģ飬ȫȻһˡ˿ųɾҪ˶ᡣ
ʱûб˼֤һжɡһʩΪһĨƬ飬ķ֮Уһ˲ķ֮Ҳɢ俪ĵ⻪ӨӨĽ⣬ǷǺĵʲô
ֻĵնħĽ⣬ĵȻͬͱصɱ¾֮ȴǧٱƺȱȫ˵ռһǵľȻǷž֮Уնɱ˿ɵϴڡ
ϴڿһǣĵ⣬һ˿ϻƣûˣû뵽֮Ҳģ


һ߶ ͨ
⻰ĵ·һ㣬ȻšһתͬʱХƺХ˼Ц
ãͨ彣ȻһսصģãܺãϻƣѾǰҡ˵̹Ԫز㲻Ĵڣ̹ţĩټ̹٣Ҳҵ١
뵽ԳͨĴ̾һϼһһԪΪѴ˽٣ʥ֮½Ϊϣʥ˺γ֮µϡʦ˵վһҡȻڼ֮һֱʥҲžˡοĲ룬ϼһﻢ֮Դѣ٣Աɢ飬أһӽһˡ
˵ԳͨĴںһɨȻһЦָָҲ˵Ϊ漣һƣ䣬ûʲô֣ϣ˵⼸ϹĶֺۼھȻǵӡƬܹԽʱ䷨ǼҲԵһʲȻȲϵͽԸԲҼ㡣һȺг˶ᱦˣ˶޵֮˵ӡ
˵ͨƺ˵ʲôüͷһǹһ˿ЦССɣ
һ䣬ͯӴһֻ߳һС鶼һȫȻںüһڵġͨˡƺʲôϴڶסһ㣬С˵ˡ
⻰ͨ¶ֵɫһЦҲգͨ콣䲻ҪΪҲ޲ɡãС飬ַƺʷһɣܹҽؽ󷨸Ҳֻˡ
ͯԣȻͨ˵˼Щ֪룬Ҳʵǡһˡ
ˣͨ˼ʷ˲ãЩɻ󣬵ͨʲôǺһЦˣҿǵԺͼƥ̫ɣ
ƺ£ͨ¶һ˿飬Ƭ̾ͻָָͯӵҲգ˭˲ãȻƹͨ콣ǱµӡҸһǾͨ콣Ӵ˶˳ӣǵͨ콣ʥһ㣡
˵ͨһԶŸ̨ӰϢųָ̧һ㣬һӡʹͯüġһӡͨУһڰһһӴ֮ͨ콣λһҲܶȥ
ͯӱľګӣȻ赲һб仯ѾҲ෴ͨһϹߺһݼˡ
ͨ˼ͯӸĽҲΪ⣬ַųһ̺󷨱仯ڣʹȥˡ
ʱͷĵ𲻶ƺҪϨͨɫ΢䣬һһץһСŻУǡ̫֮šʲô
̫֮šһ˵ȻǧټƲͼһͨУͬһ㣬һȥʱһɺ̫֮гһԶ͹ĵ֮С
ɲ򵥣Ǵʦֵ̫ͼ̫ͼ̹Ÿֶɣ֮жطˮ֮ܣ¾ݾĽһƷ껯ŽŽͼסϵҳ˲ٿأʦҲɢԴ֪תͶ̥ǵȴᣬ̫ͼʲô̫šѹˡû뵽ȻҿԴ̫֮ƿأȻҪŪһֽŵôġȻֻǲлɢǣȫǽһԪû⡣ҵһ̹ſĺԪǻĿܣ˵ø˴˿
ͨ˵ŹЦʼϴ߶̫֮ŵԪĵ֮Сһһȴǲ֪֪Լ̫֮Ŵ߶߷һ̫֮žȻ˳ȡԪпܸѼҲ֪ô뷨
ͨһֽžʮʮҹֱ̫֮Ź⻪ͣͷĵ⻪йһЦãܺãԪȻͬѰûѵĺ£Ǿ͸Сսɳɣʱ򹦳˵öϵһкôأ
˵䣬̧ͨһУ֪ｫһ޽һץĵ⣬š޽һĵ׷Уһ˲޽Ϣǣ·ɾһϹŴһ㡣
ͨȴɳǻָһ㣬ӡ޽ϣһ˲ųɾŵϢڲʣһ֣ȻҲҲ̫ˡ
һУͨ޽ֻһˮˮֳ֮һµ˵ͨ˱


һ 
ͨ˱һΣ̾һΪʥһ䡮ΪʥΪϡߣû뵽Ҳ硣ȫǵʥ֮ϵΪֱ̫һУ̽䡣ʥ䣬һʥλҲ֮ضҪһ㵹ȤϱʥֶΣעǴ֮һȴѣϵ·ơȻˣҰһֺηһѲ㣬˵ΪңҲΪ㣬㲻ӣǺҰһˮνǿĸǿ
˵䣬ͨ˿һЦ˫۶֮ƣһʱ䣬䣬һйһĶٲһصĴڣ˶ڲ
ڤڤ֮Уһ̾һߣ̶֪оŭЩͨˣһüЩֻͨţƺûһ㣬ϥƬ̣ˮʧһлָƽ
Ƭ֮һתԺ֮г˷Ľƴ֮⣬ûӡĿһɨһжָƽƺǿգĽûзһ㣬Ժ֮Ƿʮ֮ȴһжʵǿ޽͸ɻ
ͨһأûͨһˣѵҰ˲ɡǰˣ޽Ϊǿô࣬⵽ô¡
һԺ֮ʵʱͯٴγ֡ûѯʣͯѾݵ
һЩͷԣͨ˵һֶΣûм䣬ͯڴӡȴʵʵڵ顣
һ˲䣬Լǲֱˣһ̣ȻˣΣȻǿʵֶֺΪʵҲãʵǿһơ
һ仯ʮ㽣һĸı䣬ǿֻҪԼǣǲ;ܾܶԷƣԼԲӦ䣬һΪ׼
뵽˿ͯӣҲ˵ͷȻΪǾչʾһҡͨ콣ӵеһаɣ
ͨ˵ĽһӡͯӶһûаɻ󣬳һǣּ䣬ʮ㽣ʧ
⻪תһͯӳһƬ֮ϣһɵǰɵ֮һӲӣ޴ޱȵĹǣ·߲·˵Զ񻰵֡˵Ǵ˵Уͨ콣ʥأҲ޽֮˵ʥڡ
֮һӽ߳ͯѾԹԵĸͬʹһ㡣һǰһҲͯʩһоܽ⿪ӡգۼ֮ǰԼʮ㽣ڡ
ʱһ¶Ӷ˼Ԩػ⻪һһǰʱϲæǰݼߺʦ
һ˼ԨٴΣͷһ㣬ԼʮʱѾ˰ꡣȻ̫Ϲͽ˫ؿʱţҲѾʱ⣬ͷпҺС¡ͨһоˡ
˼ԨȻ֪һͷ룬ҪתѩǰһȴֹֽסȻһЦ˼ԨͽΪʦ֮꣬дڣȴλʦֵľ⣬ͨ콣ΪʦգԽжǷԸ⣿
ȻСУ˼ԨҲ֪ͨ콣ĴڡΪ޽֮ˣȻҲЩ뷨뵽һѧ֮Լܹմˣ˭֪ԼʦȻô߸ˣȻһƿͨ콣һΪ״ӣǽޣܵõĺôֱ
һ仰ĳԾ֮⣬һҲͷǡһ˵ͷͯʾһЦ˵˼Ԩٲ֮ǰʲôʮ㽣Ŀ飬Ϊͨ콣ӣһ⻪ʧǱ͵ȥȥˡ
˶˼Ԩһ̻ص̫ϹĻطʱ̫ϹϲѡԼΪͨ콣Ϣ˵֮ڳ˾ϲֻʣˡ
ãЩ֮˶һ·һģӵһСľްԣҲ̫ˡ
һ֪ܹýܹǿ̫Ϲ֮⣬ܹһ޵֮˿ʼıʹòܽЧ
һУҲһģֻһ£Ǿǽ̫ϹΪĽһǰδеսݣΪһɹʵܹںᡮ̹֮ġĴս֮УþԵƣΪĴӮҡ


һ ̫Ϲ
ĩ֮ڣΪħ֮ڶ㣬Ϊ˷ħһӳͱķԼ˵֮ء
ʮʱ䣬ȻΪսҶЩĻ̻̣ҲӦԴ˵Ϊģʮ½ɣγһ޴нӡ
Լǰż㳲սݡ涾ƺʲô¡ȴӴһȥأн羪ֻҲݡ
ʱţûԤ֮еĴս֡ڷŵȱʧ确硯˼ŵĵ̺ͽ·չʵȻ̶ʱ䣬ֲҲ˰ĶԿħ
ʱϾ̫̣ʧͷʱʱڲ²⵽׷ʲô
һգճħСս֮⣬һбƽһȺнԵʱȴн𶯡
һȺһ棬Ϊ̡涾֮ʧٵĵڶ̫Ϲսݡ
ÿһͻطһε̫ϹһξȻŻطΪ֮ԾͬʱҲӿ²֮ٴ뵽ǰ
һж̫Ϲһ˵⡣Ϊ㲻˵̫Ϲõĺô֮ǰ̫ϹѾǾްһĴڡ
̫ϹԲʮЩȨ֮˶Ǵˡ˵ǲ̫Ϲܹƽˣǵõȷ֤ݣָ̫Ϲ£ǶʣҪƴ
Ϊнľʵܹ硯Ϣĸ㶨˭˲ɵ˭ΪһٵԼҲʹ졣
̫Ϲ˵ġ̫ͨ칬Уһпٵ֮ԴӳΪͨ콣֮󣬱ûһղ֮УƺҪǰڽȱʧȫ롣
Һõǣ̫Ϲ֮֮˫˫ӳ֣ʱٴﵽһٱʹð겻ʱٵʮ꣬÷ǳ
˵ǰԪ浫Ϊûϵͳսв㣬ԱһδĽĻڵѾΪһ񽣣ѣɱķ
ǵΧɱĳٴγǰٲһֱһնȥһ㹦򣬳˵һӵӶҪڽ£һҲͬӱ׽õ³
ȻõôҲµĵˡͨ콣ı̫ϵ̫һΪǽһԲ׼ʲôϣϹʱ󷨽ƷͿʹá
Щ󷨽ƵĴ£ϹϵͳƵĽ޵·Ͱǰ£˵ЩиĵӣһͷҲܳΪޡڽ֮£ĵҲ׷ͶС
Ȼ̶ʮʱ⣬һܹ뽣ڶ˵̫Ϲڶ࣬ͳϹŽ޷ָҲһ֧޴ӡ
һ֧޴ӣȫ޳ɽڶϵĸɣСӳǧˣǽӽĴڣжӳǽĸ֣ڴӳȻֻˣͻƽΪͨĸ֡
˷ֱһڶӶ˼ԨΪͨʥ֮һ̣ӦĽﵽͨ񡯡
ڵˣڽϣﵽͨʥбһ֮Ϊңɴͼ̫Ϲٲ֮
һһΪͨ콣ϴΪȣһ£һϣԴʦͽ֮Ϊʦ֣ͨ콣Уؽһپܳɾ֮λλӳΪġ
һ֧޴Ȼֻ࣬ˣÿһĶǽ֮սȺóɽһսܹһ٣Ϊһ֧µսȻսһҲᱩ¶ֻᵱɱʹá
оӽĩ֮ڣһȻ֮תѹһƬ̾ͯӳǰ̫ϹͯС飬һȡСĽͯӡ
СӻȴҲ裬СĳĻġСû̫뷨ദ֮Уͨ˴ڵ֮СͬΡʹС½ģͯӾȻõĸֵһ㡣
һͯӶǰһǶģ΢΢һЦԸλطΪ̫˶ĿԽĽƹرվųɣҲɣʱһб䣬ðɡ
⻰ͯӽԳŵƬ̣ѩƷƣ̣һǰһ㽫صĩ֮ŵԸһʱеʲô˿Զǹһ˿صЦݵõͦģ


һ Ԭ
̫Ϲ⣬ݹȺϢЩ˸ɼĴڣоɽɽħûǰ
һΪѾִɣͻƣвСڽ̫ϹĽ󷨣Բ֮ڣɼ֣ܹӳĸӦ
ҲͰˣЩһһʵͬһ㡣һһЦҪԸ齻иħԼѩǼ˳
һһ֣ʱڳһʱ̫Ϲзųһӹ֮˲ͽѹסֳʱ
ʱһЦôųôɣû뵽һССԵƾȻš
ȥһһ۾Ϳ˵ʮɽͨеͨԳԬ΢΢һЦԭԬԬѣʧʧűŲǼ̫ྲˣš֡ĸ֣Ҫ̡
ԬⱲָ߹һ֪ٱȻԼΪѣͷڳҲֻһػ
һ״˿Ϊ⣬ǹһ˿Цݣĸʮּ򵥣ԬҲãǾǡ塭ڡ֪ν⣡
ԬΪһҪ˵ʲô˭֪Ȼ˵ĸȻΪԳһ壬ޱ˼ĸԭͲÿɫˢľǵͨ죬ŭһˣƾץһˮͷͳһȥ
һڼŭԬԬֽ˲ϢڳִûϵԤϵҲû˻ᶯ֡
һ̫Ϲͻأײʿ²׷ףҲΪɣһǰӭӣʵ̽ʵġ
Ȼ֪ΪһȻԬôһ𱬺Ը֣ǺֶΪԼɽħ죬಻Ȱ˵ȴȫȻûֹ˼
һȻˡһֵ˼ҲΪչʾһʵµλã֮ضķʽ⡣ԬͷһȻЦҲֶΣ޽ƾһ̡
һ̿򵥵ڳѰһ˲䣬ɫһ䡣ڵȳֵԬһ
Ϊֱһ̵ˣΪ̡оȻһ̣ԼŶα仯Ѳĸо·벻˭ҲӲѴһ㡣
ΪһȻѡ˳֣ûһв˱ܵĵ˼һһʮķӦԡһڵˮ˲ٱǿͬʱһ㳯һ
һУһƺԤϣǹһ˿Цһõͨ콣֮һס˲ʩչʱ䣬һ˲ʧֱˮӹ³ˮ棬Ԭǰ
ڳ˼״ȵԸӣΪܹоһٶȣҲŲ֮Ƿ·Խʱ⣬ʹһʱһοհףҪѵĹ¼ԵľͽϬĽ⡣
ԬʱһһЦ׳ǰԼҪȴǾȥδʱ򣬾ǿŤתֵܷһ˵
໡
ԬϾһ˲䣬ֲѪһԭֻɶ£˲仯ʮɴСѩףˮľԳȻץǴȥˮͷͳһԴ
ϹޣˮԳᣡһӵУһ۱ϳԬԳĸţͷЦҽɣҲҪԽοһᡣȻԳҾ͸һʹɣ
뵽˴һ˿Ժ缲һݣһǰһ̡£ˮ׷֮һԬţܲ
ꡭ
һѪ˺֮ڳ˶㵵Ŀһ˻һ⣬ش̹ȥһ˲䣬Ԭ׼ֶΣǿȳǽŶֵƬ̣ͱһ˲ˮ١
Ԭĸ֣Լյ˺һͣ¡ʱ̵ǿȻһأѾڵˮֱֱͣԼϣٴλһѪģ
ء
һأֱԼ޷ֶͣһΣԬϿνϼˡ£ĶֶҲܲסʱ˻


һ ɽͬ
һԬһû̫˷ܣΪԷһʼûнԼֶͬԴ֮ӡæָ壬ܹʩչ߳ɾѾ˵ֵڡͨ콣жϹŽ
һԬǸϲޱͷ˸ܷһĸо⣬ͬʱҲ̾ͷӳһȻ𻹲أϹ޵ѪҲͬѰ
ʤУ̾̾ǻ˵һ֣ǽԬɱո֮ࡣ߶ˣԾ׼սˡ
Ȼȴֹ׼սʱݹȺΧס˲ͨ޵˭ˡ
֮ͨϵȻɽǰܣ־е顣Ҳǻ۵ĴڣݺĵסԬһˣȻưոݣΧȻҪЩɫ
һȻ壬һܣЦλʲô˼ѵɣҪΧ
ͨϴͨ㣬ϴϹ֮һ˵Ѫʵǿһ൱
һҲͷҲЩɻȻһԬԬеɣһһ̣˲Լһ̺֮СͬϢȴü١
Ϊͨ޵ͷ죬ԬСĽЩɵ޽һΧȴû̶ֵ˼
ѣˣܲǿ֮ͬҵȲûֹ˭֪㾹Ȼ´˶֣ʵΥ֮ͬοʱħսͣϢҷ֣ѵûһô
ͣһҡͷЦδǿʶ˰ɣԬѳֿûһ飬ĳд֮ӦԣµǰڵϵľˡͲ֪ʱ򣬼λѻ᲻Լֵܵ鷳ˣ
ûд̣ɫ䣬һֵʹһɫȻҪֻ֡ʱһХɽħ춼˹
ס֣Ϣŭ
˵֮һһǶһԱߡħȻһеӣǿϷҲδⲻɱ
üͷһ壬ͣɽһɣ̨ѵҪΪ֮ˣܣҲҪӲɣ
⻰λһЦЦһѣ֮£ηǴ֪ԬѼˣһУûг֮ΣѾǹ䣬α˵Щˡο˵ȷʵˡΪ죬ѵάԼһĸ֣ҪԸɡˣɽ㡣
˵֮䣬ɽͬʱϢų֮ΧһߣȻоȫ˼һ˲䣬ͨޣһԿϷħ죬һЩԾ
Ĵ֮Ϊɢڡܹö䣬˿ڶ֮⣬ΪɽԼɽĴڡ
Ȼɽƽײβƽ˶֪ǵĴڡĸУȴ綥һĴڣʵ֮ǿÿһ˶ԵֵһӣһĴڡ
ӴٿʼɽԺƽĿ֣ΪҪȫ֣ͽЩСǣռˡ˭֪ɽȻվҪͦһ뵽ǵҲɵѡ
Լһ·磬ҲǾ֮ˣһŭһһ䣺СΪΪ֮ʹԬƮȻȥ
ǿϷħ죬ȻΪħ̫ϹЩСڣЩ˵㲻ʲôһΧܣָҪһ磬嶼ȥҲһ֣Ҳʲôкͷ׷ȥ
һȺߣʱһ״ȻҲû׷Ĵ㣬ֻתͷɽͷ֮µл
ɽŻһȻٿһȴһ㣬ǺһЦѲؾҶɵһԵﻥ衣
һԷɵҲڵɵһϹ֮㽥ͥϻЩͱѹˣôһλӢܣּ̳ϹŽ𵤴Ĵڣ˵ɵ˾ڵϣȻҪǡ
ɽһһȫȻһһͬ˼һ˹ˣͷȴ֪˵Ļ䲻ȫ٣ȴҲôȻһʼͳֹˡ
ȻһһսĵѣǰԼֵ飬ҲԲ˺Ƥֻлɽ̫Ϲʾл⡣


һ ͵
һ룬ɽƺ½ԷӪҲƴǣȻԾһн̫ϹС
˵ɽʮУͨħ֮ãԼͥѾ챤ݡȻȲ涾ĺ󣬵ҲѷɫԶ̫Ϲǲûд̽˼Ȥһϡ
һ̫ϹУĽƣ޾Ĵ󣬶컯ĹǳԾѣǶʮĿŶΪǵĴֱʣǳǵһ˲Ƕ̫Ϲۣɽĳ̶ȡ
໥֮佻һɽͬеľȣٿǰЦ·һһ˿ɫһ
һΪ̫Ϲ̫ϹĲãǺĵ̫Ϲľƿʮö飬ȫı̫ϹеһУ˵ûаܡɽıȻҲС
ûʲôӦֻǰһЦ̫ϹѾر˰˳ϵĽ󷨣ˣҲԱһɽ죬ȫɽҲȲ̫Ϲһ롣
һַͬʱڲƣ˿ģΪǵƴڣʵˣһ˹ؼʱ̣ܹóǡĵƳöԷķڷ
һ·̫ϹһҲûб¶κβǿ磬ɽϯ̫Ϲ߲㡣
Ϊ̳С̫ϹֲɲֲԸɹ߶಻ϹŶϾĴڣɽ˶̾ѡ
ɾ֮࣬ڼ̳̫ϵһ˵ǲڻ£ûԼоǽͶԼġٻšо
⼸ʱ⣬ٻŽ֮ͰٻƳ³£ó¾𲻽ﵽϹһˮ׼仯
֮˵ʳѾΪ׸ΨһĿڸ֮ɹ֮ҺԱɽڷɹ֮ٳ̫Ϲǲ֪Ǿȣ˾̾
һϯ֮ϣȻⲻ̸ɽЩ귢ĴС˶˵һ顣Ҳ֪ǲǾ쵼ˣ˿ڲĺãһ鲻˵Լķ˵Ŀνͷͷǵһ
ЩһЩ귢һסʱ䣬ħĴսû̫仯ֻǵ֮ȻսٲСҲʹøСģһ̰ðԵеʱϼһǼˣս
һЦΪģӰ֣û뵽Ⱥô˵һдءˣҪҪʮɽħҲɱһ˵ͳӺá
ȻɱʮɽħͷҲֻһԺתһȦʹˡûûĻˡ
ã׼˽ʮ꣬ҵʵʱֻǱɱˡ
ϢĽҲҪʱ䡣
˵仨ʮʱ黹ɱħǿʮʱ̫Ϲһǧ꣬һǧʱ䣬㹻Լ̫ϹʵһΡ
һ˼ʱ򣬱Ƚ˵̨ڵ˵̫ϹÿһҪطһΣһʱŻҵȻΪʲô⣬׼ûʱûط֪굽׷ʲô飿
һԣͷЦʵؼˡ¶һ˿Ц˼Ƭ̣ŵλĳһ˻һʱ䣬ȷʵһЩ顣һ׼һ£ȻλڣǾ͸ɴ˵˰ɣʵǰ̫Ϲһĩ֮Ųãħһ÷֮󣬶ŵҲϰ˶ԵħԲþͽǴðˡϵǣħһƺ֪ҵжޣȻһ·׷ɱ׷ɱʮһİ˦ѡʱŷһż
һ˵˴һ٣ɽؼѯʵ֪ʲôż
һһŵϹʱ֮УǽڵĽż
ڣǽڣţɽɫ΢䣬Ϊֹ˷ħ֮඼ֻǧһĴڣڼһûУҲû˸ұ¶
֮һǶȲѣһ뵽ڡ֣Ƕɫһԭȴڣ˽кͽ֮⣬ʲôҾҲҪӦĽ߶Զڲ޽˵á
һɽϸ΢Ϣ仯ס֪Լ͵֮Ƴɹһ㣬žͽԼİżǽڡż˵


һ߰ ̽
ͨ콣ϹŽʥأһͨ콣˵ҪαװһǽڡײΪȡţµһסǺɽ͡һĽͣٿƮȴɱķġǺ󡯣ɽͷɾȥ
ǶǷ̫Ϲϻһ²⣬תһ룬ڶħ¿һڡżֻѾѵˣﻹʱ;ȥ硣
õۣɽȴûȥ˼̫ϹǿĿãֵõϹŽڵżǼǿ⡣ǵĵλвҲǲɱġ
ͷԼֻ֪֮вɽˣǿǺúã̫Ϲ˵ܳΪϵҲϧ£֮̽¡
ǵ£̽һȲʾܾҲʾͬ⡣ΪĿĸСС˼䷶Χڣһ̹֮ġϢʵĲ˵ֻҪõ̫֮šͽСС˼䣬شվӣҲֽ˹ϵ
һķӦɽջ𣬷Ȼöһʱ俼ǣȻӦҲ˵Ϳʼ̸һ磬˫˼⽻ãһھֱɢϯ
һɽ֮󣬻ص̫ϹУ԰һµӸ׼Լͳħ֮ڶȥ
ħ֮ڶǡ顯ɺͷӡڡԭӡ˿ռʱ䷨ͷſȴҲ
һÿһνжоϢԼĸӦΪֻǡ顯ӡ˾ԶϢ𵤸ˡ
һĽͣǾǡ̹֮ġաһسʼĴڣʼԴǰеս˷ܡ
һ˵ʮа˾Ŷˣû뵽һľȻҲ㶾Ȼ˼䣬ʵ̰ͼҲ˼ʧأ罫ôģ
һͷЦѣԶԶŴ½ͥıӪһݣͷȥ
ӪȻǲ˴ʿħɷɭϣһĵ˹עǰγӪȡҲ˴ܿ͵õ׼С
רŽڣ̫ϹħԼΪαװնɱħʱͻȡô׼ȥʱһʿȴסȥ·һöݸ
һǹһ˿Ц̽һ̹֮ĵڣû뵽ǾȻҾȴ֮ˡ
뵽˴Ǳʿ˵ͷһлӪȥ
Ӫϴһģֻϴȣƺϡ࣬ǲ˳ȥҲܴﵽĳ̶ȡ
һ²ʱѾͳ츮ǰһˬʵЦֵڻˣ겻Ϊֵ⣬һɣʤϲѽ
һ̧ͷȥ˵֮ӪͳͳһЦ·ΪһطеˡǸͳ˾ȴӰ
νֲЦˣһû׼˺ƤȻ᲻ӣ˹֣һлͳһЦ˵ؿһһһϲ֮ɫֵܣͻˣ
һԣ֪ͳ۹ʵɽָһ֪ˣ˵ͷ֣ǰûһŽڴУ񽣵
ڴУͳһͷððֱͽȺν绢νϲΪԱˮƣףһ
˵䣬ͳ͹סһͳ츮ȥҲʲôź򣬻ȡһ̳̳¶͸һ
һ߳һ̸߽СëƤսƣν޻̸һҲѯʣͽǽڡ˵
ͳԣҲΪԾһһ䣬žƺǰ֣ʵرѰɸһˣǼ˼䣬Դ֪պ뷨
һһǴ̽һܷ̹֮֡ġϢͷоЩԾɵ˼һһЦ𵤴ȷʵѣ˼нֵ֮ش٣ȥ˵̸պ󣿡
⻰ͳ¶һ˿صЦȻ˸̾Ҳ˵һӹ˽٣Ҳؽ𵤾תٵɽ磬ʱɽԴޱȣ㲻Ϲţһ𵤾תûˡ
ô˻һͷϷȴֻϲ֪кΰ취
ͳȻһЦഫϹŴת㲻ǣҲϹŴУ֪˵̹֮ģա


һ߾ 
ͳ̹֮ģա˸֣һͷϲһ̤֡Ьٴȫѹ򡯵ĸоӿͷֻǼ鼤ȴñ¶ֻǵ˵ͷϻһ˿ɻ
ˣĳǵһʲô񡣲̹֮ġա黹֪һ˵Ϲ֮ǰʱسʱһһеĸԴػֻϹűƺûаϢѵִʲôϢɣѵ˵֮޽еıؾͥвɣˣѹܹ̳ͥϹŴͳͳ˼ˡ
ͳһ֪̹֮ģա飬¶һ˿Ц⣬ҡҡͷȷʵ֪̹֮ġڣҲּ֪ͥģһвֲ²ǰϣǾ˼䣬Ƥӵ¡
ʲôƤӵ£һһ²û˿εĳԾȻ֪ħ֮ڶӡţôҲû뵽Ƥӵô
ͳһԾ⣬һЦ̹֮ĵĴڱҲʮֳԾֵҲ˴̸飬ʵҲ̹֮йء
һԣ֮ɫ¶һϲʵŶȻ̹֮йأ֪˵ʲô˼ѵԼһ̹֮ͬĲɣ
ͳһ㶣һЦҡͷְ֣һϹŴȻ϶Ҳƾ̹֮ˡˣˣһʵ˵ɣ̹֮ȴڣبųĶͥĶͥʱ򶼲Ū֣һΣǽһشٽ֣̹֮ĲȣҪ֡Ҳְˣƾ˵Ū̹֮ģܹõ̹֮Ϲż㹻ϱͲܹѽ
ͳһø˵һһȻ״üͷһʵ˼ǣ
ͳٺһЦֵܣǴˣҵ˼ѵô£Ϊͥõ̵̹֮棬ֻҪͥõϺôȻٲȡο̹֮أӡһż㷢ǡǽڡ֪ǿ˶١ʱͥʹͣб̫Ϲٲɽ֮£Ҫռ˼ҲɣҪͥʹͣɹ»ҲɣٱϰٱֳҲ㣬ʵȺɽûйϵҲ㡣ôֵܣĻǲѽ
һȻԷ£Լû뵽Ŀŵε˼ûС˵ʵҪ֪̹֮ĵĴڣ߲֪̫֮žУҪ
񣬲Ϊֻ̫֮Ϊʵǣ̫֮ŵǱضɡ̫֮Ϊ̫ϵĴ֮һ̹֮ĵļֵҲ̫֪࣬ͥҲóͥȻǾѣҪǾԲܡ
Ȼĺܣίȴ£οоͳҲ򵥣ǵǡǺˡȻǳϿҵ룬˵þɱûжԲѻ߱ѵĸо
һҲûһڴӦԥƬ̵֣̫ˣ̫Ϲһ˵һģҲͰˣǰˣ˼Χɱ֮£ûмܻɣҪúÿһ
⻰ͳ۽һ˿Ц⣬ˬʴЦãܺãϵˣֵܹȫˣʵȻˣȻȥһ£ȷʵǴ£ǧҪӴ
˵˴ͳٲ£ｻһֻһƺô࣬û˼ȥþȥˡ
ͳһɽһ͵Ӫ֮⣬ʱһ֮Ǹһһͷһľ仯áΨͼݣȻܾ´͸ȥ
ۿһȥͳһһЦ˲˾˭ˡ˿һȥķ򣬲ҡͷӾȻܹסǰջȴЩ򵥣֪ͳ˻ʲô뷨߻ˣ
ͳҡҡͷҪЩôˡҾ͸ôֻЩôȵؼʱ̶Ҫ³ڻˣǾͰˣ˼ܹҶ˵֮١ûʲôľ͸٣ȻϹŴУûʦûиʱҪҾͽƳȥ³ˣ
˵˴ͳһЦٲ˵ʲôתͳӪȥ


һ˰ 
ħ֮ڲΪš顯ӡϹŸǿʮǿķ֮Ѱ˵ԲһȥƽԿħ֮Ϊɣפڴ֮⣬ڴ˼פ˵פ
һһɵõ̹֮ĵȷϢοϾʹȥ˵Ӧܸͥһ֪̹֮ĵԼϢ˰ڲһжڱеķϰߺ͸ԡ
һ뿪Ӫȴڰ·Ͼڲ½ַӪ⣬ȴһ˿ĳ֡
һʱ䣬Ӫ˽ħ֮Ⲣû̫ȻĿ꣬Ҳżԡ޽ܻһռ䣬פһһӡ
ڵʮգһСӪ֮û뿪ڲ㣬ǹĳ½شȥѰĹͬЩʩչֶΣһעһб仯ͫҲŹһ˹ȥȻ۲쵽ʱע⡣
ΪһûȥʹѪ·ľħӰ׹ȥȻһ˸߲ãһص˳֣䷽һ״һɲΪǷųһħȥ
˷ʮΣǰһȦǱлصӪֻһֻ߹հ˹վȻ½ĵشȥ
Ϊħ֮ڲĴ½ͱ̽ˣֻǲô̽飬Ҳûа㱦ۼ˷˵أ½Ĳ֪̽ٴΣȻǰôġ
ֻһڴ½Ѳһ󣬾ȻھħĿ֮УͻأʧһҲԾԸӡ
ѵ˵̹֮ľڴ½룡ˣ̹֮ľѰϹŴԽУ˵Ѱ֮̽ǰҲˣٴ½벢ûб̽鵽Ҳˡ
뵽˴һҲƲסĺģֳѪ·ӣԼϢ½ȥ
ǵһ½룬һ˸оŨһݾԶʱϢ֮⣬ûӦ
ֻΪ˾ͷˣһͽ̽鷨Ŷʩչзͨ󷨡ɵԪʽ֮ȵȣһϷţΪߣѾﵽߵ裬䲻ﲻӣҲ롣
һȴԾǣûһֶܹɹ㷴ӦûУһƽķ·궼ʽĴ½׶
̹֮ĵڱաഫڱոʽ黯κ̽顣ˣѵҪʹ̫鲽һ̽ɣǴʱܹ̫֮ţ֮ĸӦҲܹҵŻڣˣֺαطҪҵ̫֮أ
һʱ򣬺һ޽зɳ죬ƺ˵ʲô
һ޽˽˫޵Ĺϵܹ׶޽˼ͨ˲֮¾ݾĽĽɢעУ޽϶Ϊһǿȡ̫֮ŵĺԪ֮޽Ȼǿ֮ϵ嵭֣Ҫ˵ȴЩѡ
³ɵĽƺʮжɣ˵ͨ㲻˵ʲôֱһͬʱһһ̣ȻϹŸʮĿռ䷨֮гһռѷ
һ˲һڤڤϢָоһʩչ̫鲽ʱһ̫ռ䡣
ѵ̹֮ĵڲɣ
һͷϲʱ޽ವһ˽ȥ״Ҳٲԥһ̫̤Ҳʧԭء
һ˲һƬ֮СղѰգ򶼲ڵĵطΨһڵֻǰһӴޱȵţ֮һһƺǾһ
һͷϲԸӣ̫ϵͨ콣ڡ̹֮ġǣã磬缦ӣΪ̹š
û뵽ô׾ҵ̹֮ģƽԲá˵ףû޽ָ·̫鲽һδ飬һܲҵҲ˵ˡ
˵䣬˿нƽϢ޽Щɻֻͨ콣֮ɥʧ֮ǰļ䣬޽ı仯˸о޽Ǳƺǿ֮⣬ʲôò
ˣȻ˴Ҳֻ̫鲽Ȼﵽ̤գҪһƬãã޼ʵգӽţֱ찡
һʱһŻڲԶ򿪣Ӱ֮߳ǰ콫˭ˡ


һ˰һ ί
Ȼһ̫鲽ϵ費̤һƬգȴްһתʧ֮УһȺ콫ûټ
ֵǣִڣǾԵޣǿ󵽲޵ĳȡܹޣ˵Խ̤붼һ
һȺ콫ΪȻпɣ޿̤գյֶΣϹŶ̫һͱɱ飬õȵڲˡ
Ϊ˽⿪ɻһȥոսӽŻķΧһע⣬һų㽫֮ʮСģ¾ͱ¶
⵽ʲôô֮졮ʵĴڣѵ˵ǲ̤飬һͨ˲Ųղɣ
һ˼һ뷨ԽԽÿܡ֮ǰ²⣬ͥǲôһܽкãһ룬ܹһͨȻԴͨ
׼һȺ콫ʱ򣬺Żٴδ򿪡һνһȺ֮Ұ֮ϣ˵ЩɣҲѰɣʹ·ˡ
˼һתһˡȻķ˱Ͳϣн֮·ôḶ́һܹڶʱɵģֻķ裬ܾһУ֮ᶼԼˡ
ŸһȺ콫һȻϷŹһȺɱ߸ȥһ·ϣһȺû콫ǰһ̸ۣй¶˲ϢһΪҪ
Ȼһ㣬ķʱѾԼͳ˼ǰŵĵ·ȴﵽĿ֮ٷֵ𣬸Զȡ棬˼絽ΣͲǿǷΧڵˡ
Ϊǧı仯ͥԣ˼ҪѾȲѾԳһ񣬾û˼ҲԴԴϵ˲Ų䣬ο˼ȻҪαȵ̹֮ĵҪԡΪ˵õ̹֮˥ܵ˼䣬κһ˵㲻ʲô
֪ϢһͷһȻҲоƺĲû뵽Ȼ˺˼䵱һԹʹáһʱ֮䣬ͷ֮⣬ֻԱǿвα˼䣬ֻʱ뷨¡
һҪϢǾķ̵̫·Ĺ߲ħһѪ⡣ԭʮּ򵥣͸꿿ħѪĩ֮һħѪ֮ǲһƺգһħ֮·
ھ裬˶Զһȴûһħ֮·ã⣬һ޷̫ͨ鲽Уһԭ̫鲽ϵΪ㣬һֱȥ·ϾͲò˻֮Уѻط
صյıԵ޵ġħ֮·һüͷ΢壬ЦһȻңҲһ°ˣҪΪأﻯۻ㲻Ҳˡ
˵䣬һٲͣһתѳգصħ֮½ϡʩչֶνǿռѷ챣һӡ֮Լȥصħ֮㡣
֮ٴνħ֮ڲ㣬һֱӪͳ츮ղȥȥ֮ʱͳ˾¶ͳϲ⡣
ֵܣҾ֪û㲻ŹãȻΪ֣ΪҲԿ̫ϹһӪˣ
һԣǸм֮⣬æֵ˫Сл
ͳЦ˾ҲһѿɫҲΪ졣һ·һ͵ſڣȥ
֮һȻ̫ϹһھӢӪͳָ֮£Ӫʿ֮УʼһֻӪԲĽɱħж
֮ͥ޷ֱӲ˼䣬ӪıҲܹ⡣ħһϢ㲻Ӫ֮̽Уһһ׼ֻ㣬ԻȲֻɱħ
̫ϹּУȻҲӪǿɣȫͶնɱħ֮Уʹնħ˽һһɱħħ֮·ٶȾͿࡣ
ڴڼ䣬̫ϹѾʾ˷ӣͳȻҲҪʾһ¡Ȼһչʾ̹֮ģյڣ̤ħ֮·յǰĽȣħ֮·軹Ҫʮɡ
ʮʱ⣬ڷ˵С뱲ӣһĸָ֣һӼ䣬Ҳżжͳòţ̫ϹһĽħֻϢԴͥṩҲӽ𼸺
飬һ޲ɣʮʱ˵ǧ꣬ǻԵϺã㹻ͻƵǰ磬תΪ׼ˡ


һ˰˶ ෽ƣΨһ
ʱҴңת۾Ƕʮعȥħ֮һֱŴսȻΪħ֮Ĵڣħ޷ʩչʹñʿüơħִƺԴԴϵĳ֣˫һֱսƺҪõĳȥ̬
ʮʱ䲢ã̫ϹеȴŵһԣȴҲǰݡǧʱ⣬̫ϵ֮ͨ콣Ľ֮ںϣγԼзš
ŵĽϣʹ̤Ϲʱ򣬾ͱֹ̽Ϊ࣬޵е·Ϊһзˡ
ڸ̨֮ϣ·˵ӣ˫Ŀϣ뵣һ˵Ҳ棬¹֪µá׼ȥʱһ˿΢𶯴ӻд
̧һһƣһ졯֡ǶʮǰͶͥͳƣǱʾڴ¡
Ŷû뵽Ѿʱˣ˿ȷʵˡ
һһɢȥˣһϼƬ̣ͼѩƷƣ̣ߴӻħĸ
㣬ҹŵӣӪһŸҴѶ˵ħ֮·ãϢǷʵ
ǧʱ䣬ħӴԴİѾɺڵĸ֣ʱٲȻһܼһѾõΡ
һʻ˼Ƭ̣ͷϣӪȴЩ仯ƺط񽻸̫ϹԼһոϢٲǿѨ磬ǷбĿģ򲻺˵ˡ
һԵ˵ͷãȻǼϢͺãĿģҪ̫ϹΪƴˣҲǰˡϾЩҪĺôѾ㹻ɱһٴˣֻ֪ڶ̶̶ʮ֮ڽЩôһգɱһٴΡ
⻰ڳ϶¶Цʮ䣬һÿǰӪħԸҪʮϵĽһ̫Ϲ̫ߣں˫ͳѪҲò߾㡣
ֻѰ˵ʮĽڶʱܹһɣ޲ʧͲˡ̫Ϲȴڲͬٱʱţһʱһ꣬Ѱһӵʱ䶼ûУܹһ𵤣ԪӤӡ
ǧʱ䣬ͨʮѰĽ̫ϹеͽײĵǻеĵΪ㣬޷ǧԪԵʣ̫Ϲеͽײĵӽʮ
ڸ߲㣬ǧʱڷϾ㲻̫ʱ䣬ɼĴһչضôʱ䣬Ҫжٽܡ
̫Ϲ̳̫ͬϵͨ콣ͻƾؼŶ಻ʤʵ޷ͻƣǿʵͨҲȱȽǡ˵ǧʱ⣬߲սһֹ
ٶȣҲ˵ʱ⣬ǧʱҲǾѣսʱڡ˵˳ȥȻҲҪһˣɽʮɽħİҲҪѪһ˵ϢųȥͳҪɱһٱҲЦ
֮һɫһ˴μƻҲ֪ܹ˳̹֮ģ̫֮ţŰΣݣǲɣͥȻڣڴһߣֻʤʧܣ
⻰ɫҲ΢΢׷׵ͷǡһ˾󶨣Ҳ˵ͽԼ˵ԭƼҲѣҪħ֮·ͨһ˲Ƚ̹֮ģȻ
һƻ֮УΪ̫鲽һֻ̫׼һͬжˣ̫ϹУ̹֮ģҲ˵һκ⣬ֻ
ţ˲飬ѩŮȻҪһһͬе֪ԼвͬҲֻ׸Ҳͷͬ⡣
õ˾ͬ⣬һҲ飬̫Ϲ⣬֮ǰƶɵһ̫Ϲ̫Ϲ˶ĿԼȻħ֮ڶ㣬Ӫڡ
ʱӪƽûʲô仯ͷвͬƽӰվȻһã콫ڣͳ˾¶ǰƺȴʲô
һǰͳ˾¶ɫЩ졣ӭֵһ
ͳɻѯʵֵܣһοǽ̹֮ĵĻᣬôʹأôһڣ
һ΢΢һЦּЦˣ̹֮ϹʥأѰȥҲ׸ӣ
ͳû뵽һУ΢΢һ㶣һЦͷǣһǰȥˣ˾ں󷽣ĿһӰǹһ˿Ц촽΢Ȼ˵ġ֡


һ˰ 
ͥһ̫Ϲ֮⣬ȻһЩ򣬱ҲȱȽǡЩ඼Ǹ̫Ϲһ㣬ûиţȴʵͥĻ˵Ǳ
ǰʮ䣬һ⣬ûмЩͬšһͳһһܣ΢΢ԾЩͬšһʵĶɼĸ֣֮࣬Ȼ̫Ϲɼ֣ɼͥ׼˲ڻҡ
ͳһ˵ͳһȺ˵ʱһŵЦһڼ׵ǰһЦҵͳҵӣû뵽Ȼ̫Ϲֻǲ֪Сӣεºܹͳǣ
ԴζĻͳɫЩÿҪֹȴһһӵһЦĳ޵ܣ޷ͳλȻͳ콫ְλңȻԴ¾ǺųڤԨưɣʲô飬
һɣѪɺΪ֮еĸ֣һͥټˣпͳ˭֪һһ֣ķͷͱ˸ɾΪɣԿҰ£ȻҪһ£һ֪Ѷˡ
һظƺȻЦСޣӵС̫ϹͷҲ֪㽫̫Ϲһ֣㱾ˣߺߣСһгΡ̹֮ͥ£ܵģȰ㻹λͣöۣ¡
λͣһǹһ˿ζЦݣνܣѵԼɣ
İĵ׶ش󣬴ûʲôãһһϢɢȥһЦ겻󣬵ǽĳһסͥ£ͷĽаɣ

־ʱһԽЦʱһŭתͷȥһһСŮڿڶЦ
ɫˢľѿһѾͷȻҳЦѵɣ̶תͷһСޣ㻹ܺҵ޶
һԣҡͷһЦһһ˳ǰָıӵϲߣȻԳ͵£ҿ͸ҼС࣬ˣ
˵䣬һ͸ĺܷųָεѡȻͳ˿ܣûǻۣڸƽһ㡣
ƱͱĳЦŪòˬټɿܣԼǰҡʱаһһѾͽǺƬ
Ц˲ʧһ˪Ŀƣȵϳ棬㻵ҵСҪ㣡
ƱŭɶֻǴ˴ͥӪŲö֣һ˪ЦҪ㣬Ҫʲô㣬бԼѽ
⻰˫΢΢һУ̧һָƵãȻӦˣұĶҪҪϳҵĳҪϺڣ
⻰˵նû˿ԥڳֶУһ㡣ȻУΪҲڵˮ׼ֻһС磬ҲЩһʮãһۣ¼ˡ
ɫͺڣǳһСѾͷջ仰ôĶ֪
Ŀ֮Уǰһ̧һСֱָ֣ͨƵϺڣѵ˲ɣ
£ŭЦһϢתͷͳͳ죬Ϊ׼һ䳡ҪСѾͷ֪ߵغ񡣡
ͳüͷһ壬תͷһȻѯ˼һֻǵ˵ͷȻҪд裬СŮҲȱһǾͳȫɣ
⻰ͳҲȰ˵֣һȺʿһ澵ָָͥþ磬ޱ߹רΪ֮ãֻǴҶͶͥϣܹ㵽ΪֹҪ˺
һЦһһݣһ䡮ϺڣҵӴ뾵ȥˡƼ״ʲôҲû˵һҲȥˡ
˱䣬йս֮ã˽У˶Χ۹ھ֮Уƶû˵ʹ
һʼʹ似ľʽǬȻǴһʤ˰֮ƺͣȻû壬һͷɺͳɱȥ
屾ǿ󲻹ָǿһս㣬ܹǿѰɸֶʰ޲¡
˼״Ϊ̾Ҫܣ˭֪һͨʱųɺ⣬Ȼ磬˲˵Ŀ⡣Ƭ֮һӰӰӾ߳Σ˭ˡ


һ˰ һ
˼߳ЩԾǿȻǲϺƣֻǾȻܴӻûͳҲʮѵõˡ
˻ͷٿǾʱȴ㵵ķ֣ûǰɺټڻָεҲûм
ΪӪͳ죬Ҳټ˵ԣͳòЩ˸תͷѯϺȥˣɿˣ
һЦ˿һõ׿ϣһ䣬ͨٴηų˻ɻҪʲôһ̼˶Ծĵɴ˫ۡ
ԭΪǰֵ߲ͨϾȻһɫӰڴܶϢƺεһ㣬һ˿Ϣй¶Ƿŵ˭ˣϢܹ֮ӦķŭͱŭնһΪ
Ȼܷӡƣ
һʱѹõƽһʱ֮䣬۲ݣͳ˾Ҳɫ΢䡣
˵ӡոҲܰ쵽÷ѶֽţΪɶΪǻΪ಻Ǵƽְˡ˿ɼ⽿С̲֮˶
ʱͬ鸽ͥƽõĸҪˡֻǣֻתͳҪˡ
Ϊټ˵ˣͳȻҪ𣬵¶һ֮Ƕһ̫Ϲӳ̶ȸߣǷ񲻽ǵڻңӪ뷨
Ȼ뷨ڽĿ֮·ˣµǰͬõҪսһֻһѯʡ
һԣһۣһЦλͳ˼Ȼӵ񽻸ңǾǷĳΪƲ˹أҪս˵ŮԼӳͽҲӦȻ֮ͥʣҲÿշŴ㣬һս֮УʱԷӡ֮ս³֮۹ٷ˼ͣҲ͵õ֪λΣ
һһȻǿʶҲоݣʵǿܹͥ棬ͳҲû顣
Ϊ˱һƷųԼԴ·ӡһųҪѽѽ췴һᣬʮ⣬ʮѨλԭΣ
չ¶һ֣ǷŻ˶졣ͳʽһֻƾһƹܣһ֮Ӫʼж
һ˵Ŀĵħ֮·Ҫ֪֮ǰԼ·ķħ֮·ֻ̹֮һҲ޾һͨʱ򣬾ķֵʱ
ͥΪı꣬ڱص֮ģڼͨʱټƱҪᣬȻõ̹֮ġΪͥһȻΪ˶ȥġ
½룬ͳӪĴ֮£һ޴ŻǰĿȫǹ⻪תħ֮·ڡһһΣȻᳵ·˸Ӫ󷽽С
ħ֮·ħѪɣ̫֮еһͨûʵʵĿխϸݵˡħ֮·Ϊ̫ƣȻܹͨȴ޷ʹÿռ䷨ɶݶɣֻһһӡǰߡ
һҲѵӪһȺĸ֡˱³ɣŽһŻɫţңңǰ̹֮ġ
̹֮Ϲؾ˴񼶸֣Ѱ˸ܿ˥ִܵн磬ܹ˽Ŀ̹֮ĵڣ˶ĶѣһһôĿصڣҲΪ֮ȸԾ
ʱһϢӺ洫תתͷȥʹħԨԼͥһ㣬Ҳ¼ಢˡ
Ȼͥǿ󣬵ͳϵʮּ򵥣ܹոԸ֣类һ֮⣬ʮɽ֮ͨкͨ챬ԳͨʹӪħ֮ħ춼ħԨ֮С
һԭѷһħȻֻͥⷽ˿Ȼܸͥߵļơ
ͳ˾¶ɫЩÿˣ˵ʲôҲǰ˵ֻǼ򵥵˵ħ֮·ɣ֮ǰԼҸΪͿ˭ɰɣ
˵䣬ͳһ֣ӪԼͳ˼̷ֳӣһʼռħѪһͨ·һһĴ֮ǰԷκķ
ħȻҲʼԼͨ·صȴһüȥһѹֵϢƺһսһ


һ˰ ս
һĸоһɴսϢﵽʢƺͲһҪըʱʹͳһ߳һ׹ͨԳԬ˭ˡ
ԴӶʮǰһһ֮ͨԳΪ˱չزһһսľоԼûá
ʱʹԸ⴫ϹˮԳսţһڳ޵ʹԼǿջ֮£Ͷʹ£˹ϵϺõͨһͬ롣
ʹİԬƹȻʱãõˮԳսţʵҲѸ٣̶̶ʮѾ޽ݾ˼⣬һӣͨԼɽһڡ
޳ԬЩͲסֻħ֮·Ƴ˭֪ﾹȻһһˡν˼ۺ죬Ǽɵͥ˳
ԬһЦĿһŭȵģû뵽ҲͶͥĻ
һֻħ֮·ﵽһų֡Ԭ֣֪Ҫȴǲˣ˼һߣȻܾȣҾһ֣ҲǱˡ
뵽˴΢΢һЦԬһۣԬ˵Цˣĳһɢˣδһ˹ԾӣǵѣΪʮɽͨޣȻͽ䷶
һһνǾģԬд̶ޱȡֻ𱬺ƺһǵһǣȻһĵһﲻᵶɣȻŭɶȴҲһ̡
׹ֵ˶һЦݵģΪõڶΣȻͶͥҲǰˣձҪնɱڴˣûܹȵ㡣֣һͬɱ˴Ӱɣ
һ䣬Ԭ˲ˮٴγһ˹ͬʱɫɭͨ¸һЦһáҲȻҪԶһ
һ״ŲæһһȻԼֳֻ֣ƣָһߺʹ˺Э飬ȹڦͥնаڱʿʮɱ֮
˻ãһͥΪţʱЩ콫Ͳò޵ķ־㲻ԸҲҲգۼ䣬ǧֳַˣһʮ󣬶ʱͽ
ԶٵԬϵһ˹޳ܡһͱУҪ֮ͥǰ֮ϵĸ֣һʱ֮侹ȻУȻ֧ȴǱѡ
ʹһͳ죬ɱʹֶʱסˣ׷׷ɱԮȡڴһһЦٴηֲء˵㣬ȴԴסԷ·ϴ˼޷ƿ޷УȻסǣ޷Ԯ
ԮˣеӣԬһХͺ¿ħŵĻˣѵ˷ŵԼͥײУǷʹʧܣһֵ
⻰ħ߸ƺƬ̣ħħ֮׵ħŤǰһңңһݵСŮӼѣ֮ǰΪۣ˴ѵһʵѵáȻҸΪ˼ʿҲûҪΪǴɱɱ˫ͺģǿͨ·һˡЩ֣ѴãŲ֣֪Σ
һ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷȷʵҵȲûƴһıҪ˵һ٣ǹһ˿Цֻ¼Ȼôг⣬ΪλӵֶΣѵΪϵɣ
˵һдź⣬ּ仯ΪָһץħƺûعץסһȴһƬɢͬʱһһι״ĳӳ֡ǵƷùơ
ֻһħΪɵѪҲʮֽӽϹƣ󣬱һСҲУһУҪΪħū
һ֪ħƲ磬СӦԣͨһʼͷƵĴڣֻί䣬ҵƵ㶯ֽ֮
һϹ֣ҲʮָȤħջصĻᣬһУӿռ֮Уӡѹ
һпν۵糸ڳ˶ûعֱһŭĽСӣȻձħƣֱħԨħͷǣɱɱƬײ
˵֮ˣ˵ħ죬һȡŭѣֻһ£ħԨصĸҲͥһɱ
ͬʱһȻΪСͬҲ֪ݺҲ׷׳һӷƽĵһͬͥɱһսվ


һ˰ Ѫ
һ֮ͥУɱȴ˿壬ָӴ󷨽ԮסԼ룬ͳȫȴǿȻֻնɱ֮󣬽бĶ
ֻͷ޲ϹѪһˮԳᣬһϹߣǾǿ֮ʹսţʵǴÿһݾɺڵʵһҲֻܽסҪնɱȴǲС
һɲֻǻһָµϺҪһﻹ̵ס˻һ֮С
СѾͷֳ̤ͨϺս֮ǿֱ׷ޡҡʽǬǰԵޱȵÿʵޱȵһУֵֻĻᣬû޻ֵĻᣬԹӰ޴óۣŻǿ֧ŵƣʱͻ
ħɫһ䣬ݺȻ֪ǶޱնɱڳͿŤתơԽһħ֮УֳѪħ졯ɱ¾ħ졯Բɱ֮ƴ󷨣˹
ûȶǰһѪ˵ס˶ȥ·Ѫ·˭ˡڱ֮УΪе⣬һֻΪͳȫֺСսԵʱ֡
׽õħ֮ʳġԭʼħţ̫Ϲӳǧʱ⣬ԭġħ䡯֮⣬µõġԭʼħźԭʼħħŸԴ֣ʵ
ֻ޳֮һֱûлչ¶һԼֶΣս̲סսһҲųܵԷͬȵħŷѪ·¶һ˷ܵЦݣ˼ԭʼħܣɾħأһ⣡
Ѫħ졯͡ɱ¾ħ졯ħеĶ˳ΪܵȻ٣ȴû˵˸Ұɿܵģ˵⻰ĻֻһΪǸоͷŭˡ
ɱ¾ħŭָѪ·ȵһ֪ˣֻȴս㾹ȻҽųԸǶˣò˵ȿ޴Ϳһ߷ɣ
䣬˫з֣һѪǹ֣ǹ죬ǹһĨѪ⣬׻ǲϣȻһǹ֪նɱ˶ٸֲ塣
ɱ¾ħһֳǹһ󷨾ңңһָȻ޵Ŀռ˼ռϣѪ·Уһ̣һݣǹǻҶ޷Ѫ·ţһһʣʱѪ·ͻѪĭ
ǶѪħ¸һЦйЩѪĭԼȻҪˣѪ·ľ
ֻһ̣ɱ¾ħһȴ϶ԣҪ֣
⻰ѪħҪյһѪ⣬æͣʱһߵЦԭʼħžȾѪ
ͼģѪħյѪ׷ױһ˲仯ǧѪ˿Ѫ뽫ѪħŲȻѪħ첻ϾͷѣѪ붼ŵϴ󣬵Ѫƺ̺һѪԴͷֵĶѪٴ룬ǵԽԽ
ɱ¾ħҪһǹԮѪ֮߳һѪ·˭ˡ
һЦ⣬´ɱ¾ħһۣЦʺϵԭʼħѪܣ㵹ʺɾħѪ󷨵ħΪѹһ
⻰ɱ¾ħٲѪ·˵ЦۿŶѪħҪɣҲԹۣԼһɱѪħ֮ƣѪ·ֳַԸѪħ죬Ƿ̵ĺûᡣŭһѪ·˵ȥǹɱ
Ѫ·Ȼʱ䣬ɱ¾ħɱҲ˿壬ּͷһĨ֮еɽһ˫ӵУһΣͬ磬ӭǹȥ
ҿˣһϵܻһ˼ħħ졣һħ䡯̳Ϲŵϵһɱ¾˼䣬޵ǹ
˶䣬ȻǷ޶˭ҲΪѲ˭ֻѪ·ԽԽɱ¾ħȴͷԽżǾʹȥѪ·˶Ѫħ죬Ҳ˵᲻ᶾѪħĵ꣬Ѫ·ڳûʤ㡣
Ӫ֮ħ죬ԼŸȻҲħħ˽һһݾͷɱһʩչǧɫ˿һԦ޾Ȼ˿صĴӺ͵ϮѪ·
ۼѪ·Ҫ͵Ϯеʱһˣһ⺮ɣ˲ͽħס


һ˰ º
ģڳˣƣħȫʬ
ħһϬȴҲ壬һ߽һʹǧ˿ɱͳһƹ˵ѣԸ˵ľ˸յֶΡ
ֻһĽͳ˸Ტõĳ̶ȣ֮ͨڵνƣΨƣƵߵҲ˵⿴ǧ˿Ƶķһ涼ûУ;նƳΪƬƮɡ
ħ㵲ѣԴӶʮǰһ棬Ѿһ߿࣬˭֪һٴγԤơɱնƵĴϣоϬѾԼﻹҳǿӲƴη˶ȥħһֿͬ
ħħ֮ʹħ֮дɾ͵ģѰħ޲ͬ־ŰپʮͷǼа֮óɡžմ󡯣ýڵȻһɱʹݺ޼ɣ̶˵ڶħı
һһԽֱаøһƽ̵ġžմ󡯷ǵûռƣƣֻм֮ûл֮
һһһȻѹסλħ죬ʵʵʵ뷽Ѫ·ʹư㲻ͬսҫ˼䡣
λħҲԲǳصģ˼ֱ±ƣҲϱ仯ֶΣħʩչֻƳ֮ħ仯ơ˵һͨĽ²û̫ɫȴÿ࣬˿ƺ˽һѹơ
һʱ֮䣬ͥһԷħ˫ڻ¸򹥷ֹ˫ĵߺĩڣҲûȫѹƶԷ֮ǰǰȥħ֮·ˡ
Ϊһǣһǰлһ˱ضʧܣʵ󼴱㿪ħ֮·ﵽ̹֮ģҪռҲΪвϣСˡ
˫˴Ϊ̫֮Уûʱֻ֪ʱŲ֪˶ãֻ֪ķħ֮·ѾΪӽ̹֮ĵڡ
ͥħ֮·ϣΪͳͳ˾¿˿ǰɹĵ·һͷ˿ǼҴսսǶһ˿ЦݣЦ֮гϲãвмͼ
ͳ죬ȷѡȻʵҷ࣬һ˼ͳȫֵ֣ܵԷ֣ǲЩö
ȻֻǱҸ߿Ҳû뵽㱾£ҲõĴ۵ֵáϧϧǴϲôܣǣ˵ֶһԪ󽫣
ͳ첻ؿϧ˲ŵУȴֻ࣬ҪΪ̹֮ͥģǹܹ֮ΪʱֽΪһɹ٣Ҫ˲Ŷж١
ٺ٣˾ͳ˵ĲһλѵãϵҲĺ¡˾ͳ죬ҿʱ죬׼߶̫ҽšһҪһ
˾ԣǺ⣬ƺ˴ҩһ㣬ͷһǡæתԪƺҪ߶ʲô̫ҽš
ʱսħһǹһ˿Цܲ͸罫ħסĽҲһ
ħ춼Ǿ֣˺仯֣оһﻹ֡ʹһȻһķߣõ˶أ֮ͣ˰ɲֹ
ϧһͷ˹Ѫ·ҲսǰԮһʱ֮䣬ͥһɽѹ
ǽħԼϰݣ׷ֱָһڣ֮׺ƺҪ̻һսˣյͥһħ֮·ڴ
ͳɫ΢䣬ȴûгԮȵ˼Ӽӿħ֮·ٶȡЩɵּ״϶¶ɫһߺҪһ˺̻֮ࡣ
ʱ˶Ϊܵһȴһ˿Цֽߺʱ֣ʱ
⻰˶һȻ֪һָǷڿҲһȴһֶΣһ̣һɰϢ
Ѱ·ȥϢһֱķһȻ֣ѪǣϢ֮Уɷ⣬ȻǳʱѾǺ
һ˲䣬ħˣΨͻΧǵȴǱһɲݵȻɷͬƺķŵӽͬʱһͬʱһϮ¡


һ˰˰ ˮ
ӷ𣬿ຣޱߣͷǰ
һϮ֮УһɮˣĿͣ·ȴ󱯵Ļ£ն类һ֮罵ѡĴ˺뷨ɮ
뷨ɮΪֻа޺壬㲻սħûнǷڹλãǵ𣬶ʵ̫սֲȡ뷨ɮҲ֪ȤĴӦֻǴŸִһˡ
˭֪ȹؼʱ̣ͻȻѱ䣬Ǻ뷨ɮȻΪûʲô仯ȴȻʹ취һȺħַλãǲﻹ嶼һѪĸо
ĳУŲǸǽôѵҪͶͥǸʲôôȻǴʱ꣡
ˣ˵ŲţͥαӣǳͷβĺСˣš
ԣỵ̂뷨ôǿ޺磬ôƿصסȫԱǱƭˣǺ뷨ɮһĸ֣

һ˲䣬ŵĵ꣬뷨ɮǿʵħ־һʱŴҡ뷨ɮɳһӷ𡯣һƺأһɸµąd֣Ȼĳ
һУ˲ɫһ䣬һ󣬱˶ãֻܱˣҪԭǣǶϵһС
ŵһͨз㲻Ǻ뷨ɮһ
һ֮Ԭһ汻ѹƷһָź뷨ɮСȻû㺰Уһ޶
Ȼһڡзһ¼뷨ɮȴˣ֮Уǹһ˿ЦݣϹ⻪һתһò˭ˡ
ֻһĻ˿üĿֻ֮һądֽһжͥһħ֮·ȥħ֮·ͱͥúõĽƶһһݻ٣˶롣
ŭӵĪͳ˾ͳ죬û뵽Żúõ龹Ȼ˲˹
ǿޱȵзΪ˲вħ֮·裬ǺȻ֣һ˻⣬һ˻âϻһƣ𡣵ۼӴȺٴηһͷʹ⡣
ڶ׼ʹɱֽһɱɾʱһ֮ͬʱһѪǺ⣬һڳһ⣬һִ𣬶󴩹ͳ˾µķߣħ֮·ĩΡ
˶ЩԾȴûֹ뷨Ϊǿʱħ֮·û򿪣ȫһƬУ˵ִʿϹŸֶУԶó֮
ǿֹΪȥֹ˳ͥʿæҲȥֹ
һ̣һǳʶ޷⣬ҲĪˡǾǵͻһ谭֮󣬽֮зǵû˲䱻ɢһУһǰĳǰȥٶȾȻ֮ǰ켸֡
⣬ⲻܣԲܰͳһı㣬һĻҲг
ôᣬǿ̫֮գһнޣΪγħ֮·⻹бİ취Դﵽ˾Ҳ̲סг
ʱͳƺҲָɫͬףĿһɨˣʱƺ뵽ʲôɫ͵һ䡣
һôֻ˵Ϲ̫ϵ̤ƿյͨôᣬ̫ϵ̫Ϲѵã̫ϵУĴ£ȣ
뵽˴ͳɫңæ˾סƣԼһȻħ֮·˹ȥ
ȴ˵һߣһħ֮·̹֮ĵľԼ̫鲽Χ֮ڣһУõİ·Ҳų˲ң˻֣̫ͳ̹֮ķ˹ȥ
̫֮Уһ̫鲽Ԧ⣬βһ佫ǻæ׽õַų
ָɺڵսƽһɱ֮ѣҪ׽ȴ򵥡ǳ˰·𣬴Ǵֲ֣˻ᡣ
ﻹ֪ԼһˣѾӡˣĿʾȻ̫飬ʱѵ뷨ûУһǷſʧ̫֮С
ģҪԬһҲϧȻҲֻǺвһ䡣
һԹһЦܼ򵥣˳ң̫飬ѡֻʱ䣬Ǿɣ
Ȼһ仰˾νǱϾ·νԽϣԽСЩȻ͸ƴʱаƴķʽΣǰһֵİնûС֮Уûһ̽˳ˡ
ոһһƿνԲңң̹֮ģν־


һ˰˾ ̹ż̳
̤̫鲽ǵͨ;ңң̹֮ڵĻţһͷ˵ǰδСûã֮ڣۿȥűӦһжࡣ
ֻãã޼ʵĻ֮УһǹңԺ䣬ɽŵƯһ󱦹Щÿһϵıкü鶯ޱȵϢ֬ƿһ㣬Ҹǿҡ
ɱɿ²ɣΪʶǷ֮еĻߣ鱦һĴڡıϹʱҲֻвУǧҲֻжˡ˿ͳ˵żˡ˵Ϲ֮ʱǧһĴڣĴֻ֮ϵĴڣһЩǿҲв˥䣬վżڴ˴ȴԵ
뵽һĶѡжԣȻ㲻ʲôõһЩǧżʹһʣǽżٻüǺôͲˡ
ջ󣬻˵û˻˳ռ˵һͷȴܿ侲֪Լһ˳ҳ֣ðżΣգǲ֮ǰõ̫֮ţԼ̹֮ǶĵıãµõٶҲֻӰ
뵽ȻȻķ˳ֶȡ뷨һ֮УͷҲصĳһŨĻűȥ
֮ǺɳʱδϢܹҲܹʴ֮ǿʱ亱һҲ׼һѪ·ɳֵһһƬѪɫԸ˻֮һ롣
ЩѪɫһͥħ֮·˼·ãħѪΪϣ֮ʴħһֻ֮ͨǱħһڻֶΣȴһȡħѪˡ
ȫȨ׼һ֮˿û谭ŨĻڣͣ½ŲСĽ̽˳ȥ
Ӵŵһ˲䣬һ·ٻ˭ڵȴǰһ̫֮ţܿȴòԡɻʱ򣬻֮дһȻӦ˾ͱС֮Уһָֻƽƺûзʲô
ȴ˵һߣħ֮·ϣһһϣٶͥһʱͣ˻ӿ죬ͳһʱͣķһá
ͳΪͥӪͳ֮һȻƽαװúƺˬʣһһɫ˶ҵӵĸо
ͳ죬ͥһԼ飬ΪʲôͣѵǼǼɹͷƽⲻɡ
˵ͥΪϹһʹˡʹʹϹ֮һֱϵѪȻɺڣʵǿޱȣһȺܹ֮Կͳĸ֡
ͳԣɫһһҪȥҲ㣬һҿԸ˵Ǹģһûһ̵ܹôʱͷҶֲ˺õġ
⻰ɫһ䣬һģɲҪΣɲŴģ㷽˲֪ҪȽ̹֮İˣѵвǵĴҵ
ͳŭЦЦãܺãˣȻûʲôüɻģǴܹ̫أ
̫飬ôܣһ㶣һǲм֮ɫ
ʱĸУгһŵӷʩԲ죬ȷʵ˷ţϹʱ̫ϵ֮һ̫һ̫ͨ鲽ų죬Ȫ̫飬ƾɡǿ̤յġ
⻰˶ɫһ䣬ƺʲôͳ״һЦһɴν̫ϹϹ̫ϵĴУˣĴˣҲ̹֮ĵļ̳֮һ
Ȼ˶뵽ܣͳڣɫʮֲÿҪ֪·Ϊռ̹֮ģΪϽ׼ļ̳˻䴫УΪͨ쳹صĴڡȻһ̹֮ļ̳˵һǺ֪
ֻ񣬵ħĸֶͳɫʮѿȿڵȻˣ֪ͳʲô뷨
ͳԣüͷ˾µһ˾æӻͳһһӲӵСš
̫ҽţͥʮ̫ҽŹ칬ѹˣû뵽Ȼһһ
ͳȻЦ̹ż̳ˣҲܻ̹֮̾ĵĳϣλʱˣͱҴţóֵĶְɣ
⻰ԥܿ춼֮ɫ


һ˾ 齻
޼̫̫ǡΪ֮ţΪظ΢ԲģߣҲµΨ£ϵ޵£ߣҲԸҳɾ֮ʱﷱʤ֮һ޳߱زΪ֡
Уһ˲ʧȥֱԺ֮лصһƺÿһ˶ŲͬĶƺÿһ˶ȷֱָ֮Ψһ粻İһ
֪˶ãȻתѹĿһԶŵļ̳ӣȴʻƾõϢ·һ̳ǿԽԪĴվǰ
̹֮ģ
һԺ֮һ˿ɻ󣬵ܿ죬Ŀͱ̳һ⻷ĶǶһŻһӵоԶϢȴϢŻ
ֱҪԴţһȴܣΪоںԼ˵̫֮һʧ̹֮ĵġ̫֮š
ΪҪǧҵһŻ˭֪Ȼǰһͷ˵ϲǱϲ֪ǰһ¾ȡһ̫֮š롮̫֮šںϣ߻༤ΪϹŴ֮
Ժ֮Ѿȡ̫֮šǧģ⣬ʵ̫֮ţһѾءСĽ̫ϻԪһɴ˳ȥ
Ϊ̫ϵ߹̫ϻӵ̫ϵ֮ͳ֮зӦҲͳȻǲ֪Ŷġ̫֮šһԪ֮£һ⻪һȦɨ̫֮š
һ˲䣬һоԼ֮жһӡǣ뵱ո̫֮һ㣬ֻΪ̫ӦΪǿΣһ˲͸оͬ
ôѾ̫֮ţ̫֮ѾΪˣ̫֮ԶҲͰˣ̫֮Ų˵Ǳͽ͵ߣΪʲôô򵥾ͱˣӡǶûУ⣬δ̫˰ɡ
һͷ鼸飬ĸӦ̫֮ӡڣоԼ̫֮ôһƿȣǧ̫֮ȴʹ
ѵ˵̫֮һͽֽŲɣˣСļ֣̫֮ܽŻڣǱᣬٲΪ֮ƣֻһ취Ǿ̫̫֮֮źӦŻΪֻҪ໥ʲô⼿֮£̶õ񼶵ķ
뵽˴һ˵Ȼ̫֮Ų֪ΪξͱȻԾȴ๤һ̫֮ǰϥڵأдʣ̫ƪг
һΣΨһܹ̫֮ŵֶΡȻ̫ƪ֮һĹ⻪Ӷų˲Ŵ󣬲̫֮ʲô
̫֮ŲǴ˵ϴαͨʩչֶһɱԴ֮ȴû˥ܵļһ־統ոʱһ㣬ѹ
ƶŻԼǰһľˮԪԡķʽѸתÿһת˾ʮŸ졣
˷תϹŸֶң֮СԪ壬ͱûбõĽڶڻǿķ
ֻ˰ķԾЩͷһݣ֮Уα˲ը飬ʱڵǰķﾭ֮󣬿Ʋ©ɵë׶ɢϢ
αըķһ֣һΣΡʮη˳۵ߣſʼ֡
̫֮һ
һͺȣһһֻһֻԲ˫ֺһΪ̫ͼз֣һ̫֮Уһ̫֮С
ɷֻ̫֮΢΢һ£̫֮·һǴҩɫ⻪ҫ˷Ӷļ̳յͨԳǰ߲ģ·رڻǽ
һʱûʲôڻȫȫⶼͶŵļ֮СֻǱö̫֮žȻֻ΢΢һûа㡣
һһĽȵס˶ٴΣĽȴ֪̫֮ʵͨ˶һֽţȻ˲󣬵ȴʧ֮֮ǧ
ڷԽԽ˥ۿҪ£һͷһ˿⣬뵽̹֮һȺ֣֪Լû·˼һݣ͵һţһöӲӵĵɳǰƷġԪ鵤ʲô


һ˾һ ̫ͽ
ɵɣһ˲佫̫ϵһʩչһлɵ
ɵ˲ǿֶΣ˵ȼԪһֻȼյĲɵֻҪڳܼ֮ڣɵԽǿԽǿҲ𣬿˵ԵҲ벻ľֶΡ
˵һҲڴŽ衮Ԫ鵤ãվһ鵤ɾͽɡҪһĽɷҲһȽɵķԶ˵νڡ
Զԣ̫֮ţ̫֮Ż̫ϵմһӵϹŴ񼶱ֵܹѰɣʱ򷴶ԽɣԪ鵤Ŀܡ
ˣһ˲ȡᣬ;Ԫ鵤ҲҪżȻȻľͽɵͷų
ѾͷųȫαҲټԪ鵤һҲﵽޣͷֱȫȻһֻ⬡
ͬԪ鵤֧ţֻ΢΢ûм̫֮Ҳ˷Ӧۡһһɫ⻪г̫֮ŵ߲ʹ⻪֯һһ˲䣬УһǶ֮֮ͬƵЩ𶯾㹻ˡ
Щ𶯷ǵûˣôһɹɳԽ죬ֱָɵϢעڣΪϴˢͨÿһǿûб仯ĻԪҲȻϢ
޾ĺ֮ѭһֱ֮ԺȥѰԪ֮ͬǵһ壬ÿһ֮ԶޱȵķֱָԴһڵõϹŴֱԷඥÿÿһ˲ϢΪеĽ
һͬʱ˫ޣͨעĽ޽Ҳͨ˷ӡҲ򿪡
һϵ̫ϹͬҲ֮ܵϴȻһɹɺֻ֮ѾϡسԪһ˿ͷ˵ôͷš˵ÿһ˲䣬̫ϹԼ̫ϹеĵˣڷɿĽϳһȥ
νꡣȻ˴Ļ磬ʱһûȷȻȴ޷Բ֪˶ãżĹ⻪Żȥ
һҲʱ˫ۣĿһж֮ǰһˡһжعɱʵԪƺûʲôĴڣνɽɽľƣȴһˡ
Եһ£һָԭҰſԼǰš˼һ󷨾һһȵ̫֮ţλ
һ䣬̫֮ŹȻ˵һιȦһιȦԼԼͻأڣӴٱͷʱܼ֮ĸо
ϹŴ֮ǿ󣬺ûֺ룬Ϲʱ̫ϵ֮ͨ콣еĸ֣ҽ赽̫֮Űٷ֮һС㲻ϣϹʱ򣬴Ĺ⾰ѽ
νĳ治֮ܲɼ죬Ҳ˵̫ͣܶණ޷⡣ոտĳӣʶļ˾ǵܣصĹһʱ֮䣬һԼ˵˷ܻ𺳡
˷ܻ𺳣һǺܿͻָ˹˿һһ̫֮ţһе޷Ȼͷеȴٻ˹
̫֮ţλ
һһٻ룬̫֮ҲһԸķɵ󣬻һȦͬʱһͬǿڣ˲Ϣ֮䣬˽һʱǷһǰжһ뷨
ôǱܹż룬ǳأϣ
һͷӿ뷨һ̣һˬʵЦȻ濴ȥȴûһˡ
ľʱǸЦٴδͬʱ˵㲻⣬㿴ңΪھһ֡
ҵһ֣һ˼һתŭ㣬ѵ̫֮ŵ飬ô̫֮Ҳû飬Ϊʲô
һ²䲻ȴԶҲ̫֮ŵ飬ֻϵһлˣ˭ѵ̫һʦûи̫֮ŵʧԭô
һһԼշҹǼ飬ߺѵ̫һͽ̫֮ŵ鲻ɣ


һ˾Ŷ ͽͽ
ͽ⻰ʱתһЦƬ̣ͣǰǵ˵Ҳͽɣǻ˵ͽǽ̫һﵽ߾磬޽ӽزĴڡ
񣡡һû뵽ⲻ֪ǰ龹ȻôһʣΨһһҲͥʹʱ֪ڲϹžԶʷ֮еϴƺﶼǴԴ⻰Уƺ̫ϵƺֱϵ
ȻҲһеĲ϶һЦû뵽û뵽̫һȻˣĴжˣһĵ̫̫ΪһҲ̶ֻȣЦЦ
һͷ΢΢һŭֻǶ飬ȴ׼Ϲ˵Է̫֮ǴһĴڡ¶Ҳ׵Ȼ䣬ȴûʾ
Ȼ³ͽϾ̫һҲòһʵǾ̫һͶˣǶڸУʦһս֮꾡𣬲ò̫鴫
ʲô̫һˣϣΪͽ̫һͣӦø˲ǣϢԾķ֮дӷŵű˾㵣Щ֮⡣
һȱ仯Щ԰գ˼һתҲƽҲ⣬ΪϹ֮֮еĴŶʧ̫ϵֻʣҺ㣬ˣҲֻадҲδ֪ˡ
⻰öû˵һ̽Ļ˼ġǰʱżڡ
Сӣ㲻̽ˣҿȷĸ㣬ֻһ̫ϵˣңߺߣΪҵʦôûõôҲǱ廹ǻǶɢ񲻹Ǽ̫֮еһμˣΪûӡûбʦġڤơˡ
⻰һͷһڤơҲǷһǴͨѧһɣԶڤڲؼһӡ飬䡣
˵Էֻһμ䣬ܴӡǲл꣬һ㵱ǿٸߣҲûвҪȥֻǷѵ㹦ˡ
õĽһҲû̶Ͼ˾Ǿ֮⣬ΨһӴϹȻ֪ͨ˴ԽʱնˡǾǸ㼶ĴڣܴõһЩôֻϢԼ˵мֵ
뵽˴һڵԭˣû뵽̫һȻ³˶󣬲ȻҼ̳ȻὫ̫ϵˡԻҪǰϣߴͽ̲ǡ
⻰ЦһСӣҲʲô£Ȼ̫ϵŴ棬ұͽôοҲǼˣʲôҪЮҲû취ҲõϢ
û뵽ԼȻôһŸһȴҲûɥһûһĸģͬʱʼϤŵһʱ䣬ȻûиκϢҲʼĲŲʣżѯһһͷ֪ȴû˵
ڶŵҲܹƿ̽Ȼ룬ﵽɺڼ𣬶ٱܹĴߵɼȻֻĽɣϹʱֽɣչ˵һҪǿִ
˵һѰֶζӵôǿ˵ֻкôûлڽӦ֮Ϳʼ̳̽
̳ӶıڻޱȾԶĻЩƺҲижһһʫ
ʼԪ缦ӣ̹Уƻ磬Ƕ֣棬Ⱥʼʢˣг٣飬ɽԻض̷֡
һűڻʫ䣬һʱ·𿴵һԪʼչʢٵ˥̣ܵԡ١Իɡסաһ˲䣬һƺҲʷ֮УÿÿһƺʷĺظС
ʱ֪̫֮һССĿռ棬һӰֳȻĿȴ˸оĿ⣬ŵǶڵأӭʷϢһ
΢΢һƺǳһ˿صЦݣԵԭˣѹߵһȴʧܣʱˣʱѡ㣬ҳͽ˼ͽСӣҪ̫ϵʹʧϰɣ
һ̾Ӱʧ̫֮Уƺڲ


һ˾ ѹ
˵һĹ⾰֮в֪˶ʱ䣬Ȼһ㣬õ̫ôȴϴ񣬴ʷĺϢպôҲ
ԽѾʱ򣬺ĿǰԺתĻʧ鲻ʷһʫҲȻֹ
һȻתѣ֪Ϊͣ¡ûʣǶԷһߴһ̣һɿռ洫˲̳
ǣһ̳֪£һʱЩԾ׹ڵˣѾţ˵ǣͥ˶¡ǰ翴һ⵱֮
⻰鲢δԣֻǳȥ·ûгֹһҲԣȻһЦһĨţһ̫ʹ˼̳Ŀռ䣬档
̳ǻڣһһڻۿȥæµƺɴţҲ֪ҪǺƻţ̳
ܿ죬Щ˾ͷһĴڣһȥʱˣд󶼱仯ΧסǼƣƺһӬɲȥ
࣬ݹǰһһɫ⻪ÿһƺպգǽ̳֮ǰһȫԸҲһƴɱҲӲЩķ֣ͳ˾µˡ
һ֣ͳûһˬֱԴЦݣһŶЦ⣬ָһеһû뵽صô̫ϵļ̳ߣĴˣû뵽ͱƳɹȻܹ뿪̹֮ģ˵㻹ûп̹ŴСǴ̹֮УҲһܹƣ̹֮ĴУǽ춼ֻϵùȻˣͱŻȥ
˵䣬ͳƺһӻ̹֮ģһӣߺʱ֣ʱ
һ䣬һʱ䲻·ķ֣Ǻķ֣ͬʱһ֮ɣγɾŰپʮرϽŸСһ˲˷ɱ󣬵ȴɱƺҪɸӡ
һȻϾͷһҪɳ۶һԾǣһ̫鲽һʧļȻٶȻȻ󷨡
һ˲䣬ֻЩԾǣЩ󣬶иٵ˵Ĺɱһ˲ԶطĹҲϡ
£һ߾תһǧεʱҲⱻһ΢΢һһ̣һƬը֮쳹
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ҵΪ̹֮ĵʱȴָܽȥ̽㶼ûСһĶȵףòٻ˾ˡ˭֪·תһôһǼԲõ³˵ˬ
˶ΪһȻһɱ֮£׼ʱǱըļ֮̽ڣһ
Ϥߣɫһ䡣ܿ죬һĻ˾ȵĳ֡ը֮ڣһɫһ߲ʵĹȦȦ໥Ķ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ȼ̳ͱŰ֮һ˲һӰֳһ˭ˡ
ܣϹŵմǽҲѳôֵܵסѵ˵Ѿ̹֮ϴУ
һ˵ħԨһŮħɣһƺħͬޣѵõĴҲһһٸŵþг
ʣ˵Ժ֮ж㣬ֻһƵ㿪ڶǱĿġţ˵ﵽһֱڴյ˼ﻹñ˼ֱˡ
̫飬ᣡ
νѣ־ݵġ̫֮Уɸֶʮܣ̲ЩħѪֿⷨһоǰЩ˵ħһ˶ûħ㲻ֻ֣ҪԹҲܵһȺˡ
գۼ䣬ɫȦ˲ֵĵطħѪ˲䱻ʧǻæķݶȡȴûϾٴαɡ


һ˾ Žͨ
һѣһ־Ͳ顣һʱ䣬֮ڣ˶֮ڣڳɼΪﵽҹ桯֮أܹرԴʴ⣬ֱ˵㶯һ¶ѡ
һҲԼָ֣һ̫ϹȻ١׼õ̫ϹŵĻ֮£ѾȲĳ
˵֮Ҳ̫ϹҲռˣΪһһħ죬޶£˴ӣЩ֮ܵŵĸ֮Уʱͽ᧿Σ󷨳ɢһȺһɱɻ׽á
ڳΪߣĳݵͳҲ̲סĲѣֿ˼ûУֱӸߺѾֿܹͥʿѪٻС£
ôЩ콫ԥһ̣һҺһ̫Ϲ֣ͥʿ֮Զľһ˲ϢͱըѪˮ
ͳȲµֶΣһнͿѪΪﵽٻֵãʱһѾҲ࿼һ¾ʹ
һѪըͳȻһߣƺһжȲѣȴԳ֮ɫֳһɫ«֮£֮ΪģʼѪһֺ
һеֵɵʵȴļƻ֣ͳɣҲ֪ǲˡ
ŰأϾ
ͺһһһĶͷȦ֮Уų֣ռݶϷλһ̣֮иԷֻһŻӰһռһռ˱⻯İš
ŵı̫ͼжطˮ𣬳ļİȻһûеȫֻǿֻܷӳԭ֮һѾ㹻ˡ
ŹҫŴдݺᶫϣͨһ˲֮䣬ǻ֮ס˵ͳֵ󷨣Ĺ⻪˲ȥЩò׻µѪȻʼɢȥ
ͳŭӣѾֶξһ˫۾һͲҪ̻ˡ
Ҳ֣֪ͥǾʹȥֻ·һߺʹħԨ磬ʱ֣ʱͥûϣˣҲѲһ
⻰ͥһɫһ䡣Ҳ֪óֵʱˣԼƷųԿûҳ֡ͳһͷ·һʱȼǵĶ־ʱͷֶ¶֮ɫ
ȳֵʹһŽ̤ǰһһָСҪ񣬿ÿգʽ棡
˵䣬ֽ̧ǽԷųʱ䣬µһƬ磬˲һŴգһΡʹϹʡ
һʹ࣬ϹĴ澫ȻԵ˵ⶫֻƣִ˵˵ޱǿ󣬶̺ԣԴһ˿ؼӳ֣ǽڵڶĴڡ
ֻһ澫һųͬһ㴩磬ҫŽ֮ϣȻŵȼһƺҪջٿɡ
ŽΪ幹ɣ澫ܹ֮նϣҲҪһʱգȵǸʱһȺ˴ˡ
ʱƵµķһҲˡ֮УһЦݣһû˼ּ̧һ䴿ɢûǧ䣬ĸϣûڸһݣŵһ֣ȻֻҪűȫǣȻɥʧ
һУһԾͬʱҲϳĴűһԻһԻǷŵڶʥ䱾ʮƷ֣ˮ磬ƣȻңϹмųշı
ȻһʮƷǰ׺ȴҲǽȻһԷҲ澫һĴڡ
ƽһҪϲ澫ǱˣĽС𣬶ȻѪٽһǱ·֮Уϣõĺô͸
ֻﶼԸסǿֶΣȻͷͣҲûа취ҪСһֱûֵħš
ħԨȻһʵ˱Ҫ֮⣬ʱٳ֣һֶξҲħɸֽһ񣬽֮󣬷ųһη


һ˾ ѣ
һηһɫ΢䣬Ȼϲһʲôоһͬķ뵽ŽֶٳһĹ¾ͲܷȫͷһᣬʱΪǿ
Žݹ˷ݣطˮ𣡡
룬һ֮䣬󷨾һʱ䣬Ź⻪ǣţ˴澫һƷηĻᶼէ𣬾ͽֵ֮⡣
ķֶ׼ֶѹһΰͷޱȣֵֻᶼûеͬʱҲп಻Ͼ⼸ֶΣǻԸһһ˾ֻ·һˡ
ս³һһ浹ֻ̫ϹӽѰʰһоͳ䶨ʱͳݺһЦһͣһųУԭͥţֻʹһ
˽ţǰòһͬ׼ֶʩչŭӣȻ֪ͥҴҵȴû뵽ͳȻôҵֻǴʱȻŭӣѾһŽˣǸֻܳǼӿٶȣֵֻܼ
ͳ˽һպʹáһȵòòʹãͷҲǵѪݺݵĿһһۣǹһ˿Ц̧һףŽͽ֮䣬һż𣬾Ȼͨ⣬һ߲˵϶ħ֮·ˡ
һ֮ǰȻͥк֣ûŵĴڡһ״ʱоã˼һæ̫ҽѹȥ
˵̫ҽıҪѾ˾ųɾŵѷӦòѡͳʱž㵵ķ֣ķһξȻ쳣ȫá
ԭ̫ҽȻǿʹޱȡ֪ԴȻģͼšֻģ¹ģ£ҪʮܹǿﵽһֱЧɽկЧΪʮ㣬ʮԴ߶
ȻͳȻթȴҲ֪Ϲء֮ʮ־βͲ߶תͷһֱߵĸ˾¡
˾¼Ųܴ߶Ҳļ١ͳһ㶣ʮﻹ֪ͳ˼æеͳˣһ
һֻû˵ڣͳѾּ֡䣬Ѿץ˾ţһ䡮һ㱨ġȶԷشһɽԴԵѪ̫ҽš
˾ɾĸ֣һͿ̤ɵġȡ֮һѪȫ߶̫ҽţʱԡ˵һŽķͳͳɱȥ
һҲû뵽ͳȻϵֲãŵƿػûдﵽۣŷķס顣
ȻûԹ԰ʱ䣬ֻȡڶԷԮǰ֮ǰЩбܽٻʲôţҲʧܵĿܡ
뵽˴ͷһᣬһӡһѣһ洫̫Ϲս˳һʱ䣬̫Ϲͨɱħٴչʾǿ
ޣޣޣޣޣħޣޡ̫ϹмԼһʿ࣬ÿһʿӳսнȻǿĲޣħޣǱΪսĵޡ
һĴ֮µõ̫ϵУȻϹŵǰʮǧҲѰ޲ͬǲõֵսٱ
ͳԱڶ콫ֶӣͥһϵ޵ֿһɱ֮£֧Ųסûãֻʣɸֻ֣ܶҲƣڱˡ
ʱһڽŽй´ʼļ룬ÿɸֱ׽áһĴڣҲ᲻ɱˣϾɼ֣ոһҲǼֵġ
ǰ֧ŵ죬һ֪ȰĻûʲôôһһѹѾǿ֮ĩļ˲𡣱˳һ̣ĲУһһöӣһƬɫƬһȻвȴҲʤޡ
Լ˳Ҷ֣
һ˵Ŀһɨ˾ɫȻÿȴûһ˻ػ״Ҳûжȵ˼պϢȥ־Ҫѹ
ʱһɪ֮Ⱦ֮УȻСƬȾ˽ɫһ̣һȻƴǴ֮ǿȻ˿һʩչš


һ˾ Ҫսұս
ڽˣ
һһȴӿٶȣһɣһץһᣬǰ˾ɾһжȥֻԼȦ
ʱǸոսٵĻֺ˿ͣٵľͳ˹ħ֮·ĳ˴һξ룬̫ҽķ̫鲽ҪһЩʱܸϵ
ɴȻ֮ԼٸٶȣȻҲǿһֻһġ˻оδʱȵ
壡
һ֣һƣյŵĹȦѡһо뽫ȦȻ򣬵ȴһȺһֿĻᣬȻŹȦиٴ
ȷһ˵Ҳ־ƣʱԷԮǰ˵ֻǻһŽͣԭأӷŵϢֶԷ˵Ķ֣ϣ˲ջţſˡ
ֵһ̣һڰɫȻһڲصİ֣ĿľǼ㲻ץסԷҲҪԷʵ
ȻһȺֱΪӳʱ򣬺ɱУɫǴ䡣ֻ֮ǰԴֿ֪ûãֻһζɶݣͬʱͥ˺ȡ
ֻͥƺû˼ˣһ³һ֮ƺҲԣɫֻǳһ£ȴٳûжֵ˼
ȻûͬȼֵֵһɫһȺֻɶĸֵܹһһħɺһڼ£ǷλֶݹʮѸ٣Ȼûһʧ
ħĸַ׷׶ͥŭѣƺҪŭԷ֣иһɺħ飬ַͥɽҪƶһĻɱ
һ״ҲԸУֻǱƽʮķΧ̵ת˼ⷽ򣬷ŹһɺһħɡֻǻûȶԼӹһ٣ǱȻĽȻһֻһࡣ
ʧһµʹħԨָĺݲѣֻǶ֪ԼܹԸģǵĺ̨ʱ޷ֻ֣ܺ޺޵Ľһ̽ϧķѱԴӱһ׷ɱ
Ϊֵͥ⣬һòʱģֳֻһ׷ɱˡһ©ʮ֮󣬳˽ֽɱ֮⣬ָԶӳ˻֮ӵħ֮·ϡ
ڷһսʱһѾ̫Ϲ͵˶˻ʱãã֮УֻŽš
һ֣һ˿СǼȥʱܻͬĴǾʮֲ˼һЦһ¼Ȼ֣ĳͻȥˣҵõ̹֮ģɣ
˵䣬ҪתͶ̹֮ĶȥǼƺҪȡ̹֮ġǽе̲סˣһӣ̰ͼֱ֪
˵䣬֮л߳һӰŽ⵭ɢȥֻһŽ½۵ӡڽ֮лãһ֣˲͸ǧﷶΧϼʣ裬֮
һԷϳֱͣ½ŲͷԾͬʱҲ΢΢һЦؾͥʹ˰ɣнΪӦòѰϧͥƣ̹֮˼֮ȥǡ
⻰üͷһ壬¶һ˿мı顣ʱ߳һͳ˭ˡ
ͳһĵЦݳӵͷһתͷЦĿһģ㲻Ҫ⣬Ҹ㣬λ̫ͥӣϹѪʹУȻõ̫ϵУ̫ϵϹҲʮʴ³ӡν֮Ī֮ĪȰٹ鸽̫ϵн̫ӵ»һͥͷ㽫ܡ
̫ͥӣһͷҲһȻʲôû뵽˾Ȼ̫ͥӣ֮ͥӡתһˣ̹֮ϴڣ˵ǿ󣬽ηģԼ޷Գ֣Ȼöõöˡ
̳̫ϵͨ콣󴫳УţõԶʷĳʲôʹУʲôѪһ˵Ѿֻ΢΢Ծ֮󣬱Ȼ
ֻɫ߲ȦȻһ˲佫ԼǧĽ飬һɺͬʷʫϢȥȻ΢΢Ծ̫ͥӺͳЦ˭ᶫҪսұս


һ˾ Ϊǿ
̫ͥΪһķ֣ӵԼ̫֮ҲҪ˭֪һͳĻǵ£־һҪԼһսӣĵײɵһ˿а
̫ͥʱעǣŭȴֻ֣һݺЦˡѾΪʧȻˣ̫Ӿͽ㻽ѣȳְɣ
һԶԷȻԼȳ֣ʱԷһ飬ʲô̫ͥȻʵˣض飬ôΪǿĵ֪ҲСңŸҴʴʣȻˣһαؿһɣ
뵽˴һ˹֣ʾͬ㿪ʼһ˰ʱ䣬ͣʱͷȦһ࣬ƼҪǹ˶̫ͥӡ
ֻ̫ͥ˿ûеĵ˼ΪһȻʮǿѾ˱ĿȣһȻ󣬵ʵʴﵽЧ緽ţǵûģͷһӡ
ڴʱһڶˡһֻһֻԲдʣ󵱿һģ޴ޱȵĹ⻷̫ͥӺȥ
̫ͥӼ״Լ룬һúãһԭأֳһⳤͳڴȥ
һ̣̫ͥӵһɱУиŻ̡йѵЧų޼᲻ݡֻҪһʩչһѾʩչֶξͲƣʱͥһӣʱܽ壬˺ɱǹжԼ⡣
ֻǾ̳һ˲䣬ϴһֵֿĸо˿ûдʵʵĴС̵һ㣬Ҳ
ãмƣ
̫ͥӻȻףԼƲɷˡĿһתԼеĹͷֽ⿪⻪Ա仯ϸ΢˿Ĺߣ໥֯ƣ·γһ񳲡
̫ͥҲǽңȻûнͨƾۺΪ͵УҲӲ߳ķϻʼɵͨʥһ񳲣ʱϳǽ֮еֶΡ˽˿Ѱ˽˿ͬ˷Ϸ˿ɱ
̫ͥһ̣ɽ˿ɵ˲˿ͳնɱȥԽ⣬ʱȻһƬ֮жЩ΢ռѷ
ŻŲѵͳɫ䣬Ŷһǲϱը񳲣ʱļ٣һɱͬʱͷ̫̫ͥС
ֻһһûƾնһ񳲱ըġȻ˿ı仯ȴţת˿ڽɱ̫ӡ
һɱ̫֮ȷʵʵѧҲȱսľ飬һξȻڽ֮У˵϶ˡͷЦʨӲȫĵҾ͸һڿ̹ĵĿΰɣ
뵽˴һ˫Ŀ΢գ˲佫˼ųɾŶ֮СɲǼ䣬˿תٶȿһҽ£Ȼϻ֮ûеķ֮
һֵ̫ܵͥӣʱЩмܲסһۣĶɱڣ͹˲ʣˣѹƵֻм֮ûл֮üѪ
ֻһȻɱģô򵥵ֶΡͼĽ˿һѸᣬ֮ϣɫ߲ʹӰת֯һ𣬾Ȼ˱̫ķ֮С֮ռ䣬ڻһ˿ʱ֮
ƣӦ˿̫ͥӸעⲻһݱ仯һγͻƣֻͻһߵʱǵڷˡ
ϡ
һ콣̺֮ͨĽ˿İ֮£ͻأĳ̫ͥǰһ⣬̫ͥ͵һвĸо
磬ҲΪͥսնɱУʱսĺáѽѽһԪĵ뻤֮Уֵס⽣˿ͬʱαˡ
ֻһǽŵã˻յķ˷֮ӳ֣ٶ֮죬̫ͥĸҲܲáòֿ
ֻͨͨϡΪ̫ͥӣֻͨʥĽθȴҲֻܱһͨơһֽɡ
ۼԽԽԼȴ˿ûеֿ̫֮ͥɫһЦ󷨾ڳ֮ϣһ˲⻪ת̫ͥڣȻг滻һɱķɽ⵱һնأصһɢм


һ˾Ű 
ѿǣ
һһ۾Ϳʱ̫ͥʩչֶΣԱ޵ĽΪԼһԼУ㲻ҲҪˡ
Ϊޣ޵Ĵڣͬڱ˵ĵڶһ٣ʵӲ˵Ҳܵˡ
Ȼƹ󣬽֮⣬̫ͥӵֳֻ뷽Ųͬɫɷףǻһ˿ӲӵѪҺȻûֵôΪԼӶָĴۺѧѡ
һԴһЦ̫ͥӣȻܹɱһУĳ
⻰ǼЦݣһĨǣԼǸ߹ѪҺ̫ͥ˫ͨĴˣ㾹ı㱾̫ӣҪңʬΣ
˵䣬̫ͥҲʹеϺǣŭһ֪ͳһɱĽԳͳһնɱ
Ƿ̫ͥӻõʱһӭԻԷȻŭһˡ
֮һ٣һȻûʹý˿ֶΣſһ̽ȦУһʱ䣬ŵϢȫ֫ٺ
ȷһùαֻ֮һεαţ֮ǰαǿ˰ٱֹͨʵ֮ǰռ䡣
ڷ֮Բʹãһǲ̫ͥӵʵΪαʮԿơ̫ͥˣ޷ȫʵͬǽޣٺòĥʯ
ֱ̫ͥӺȻһЦּ䣬ΪڴƷﵽ޽ȡ㽣Ԫ֮һݣҲ̫ͥӭȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬νݺᣬһν֡
̫ͥӿǱʵһΪŴδһΪ̣ͨѹһнֻΪԿƣԽ֮©ԶȻһʤ
ĳ̫ͥӷֲòıԼˣöԷԽԽ£ɵò³ԷԼĥʯ뷨ʱƲѣһ棬һ̫ͥӵĶŵƿأǽҲнȫһ⡣
˲֪ٸغϣԲǧ֮ڣ֮һɨգǹսͳ˱֮ŸҼģһʼƽ֣ڿʼ˱䶯һĽ⿪ʼѹס̫ͥӵĳ
̫ͥԼΣ֣ʱӷŵĲȻŭ֮оѹͷνŭּ˼һæմӴһѶϢһԹսͳȥٻȱϧ˵Ĵۣ赲һͳ׷ɱ
ֻƬ֮󣬱õͥԮûͳķɶݻ̫ͥӱļ٣״ŭˣǽȥͥɱɱôʲô
⻰ͳɫʮѿҪ˵ʲôʱһЦ̫ӵºαżȻܹһУͥɱ˵̫Ӹµô
⻰̫ͥӱŭٵɫˢıͨ죬ȫһնҪһ֪Ҳ̫Ӽ˼˱ˣͷ̫ȥ
̫ͥһһѾܻ˳Цŭɶźۼıܿһ֮תͳѻ̫ӹٸҺ챾̫ӵһɱľ㣡
⻰һ֪Ȼ֮һʹĸֳˡνʹϹ֮ǰԶʱͳ֮壬Ĵڡλʣһۿһ̫һǴ֮е쾫ɡ
ʹȻûԶ򣬵ҲӵнѪĴڣͥһ㣬ܹȡ̹֮ĴеˣȻʵϵҲ̫ͥ˵ѻˡ
һ˼䣬ǽĩֻ֮ͬʱֵĻˣһǻڣħɭɭһǽӲӣơ˵ʹ֮⣬ħԨˡ
һ룬Ǿ֣ӳȥҲụ๥ڦֽپѾѵˣ˭֪Ȼͬʱ٣ҿģƺ˹ͬˡ뵽ǶԷ˵̫֣ͥԼҪķΧһͷҲһ
Ȼʱ֮еķŸֳһŵӷ̫ӲضŭʶӲ⼤ŭ¡Ǽ˼ʿȻ̫Ӷһ£ֻҵȻ̹֮ĵĻᣬҪ̫Ӹ£ǽˣȽնɱٸ̹֮ģ֪̫ӵΣ


һ˾ž 潻
̫ͥӱڶ֮еĽܳ̫֮ͥһϯ֮أսϱɱ֣ºպƣλ۵λƣʵǿ١
м˺ԵУܹԸѡ񸴳һЩۣڳ˶նɱԼûڵĶ̹֮ġ
ֻǽһʼʹʧ㣬һƣԱ˷ɽ˵˲ơһҲһߵĽһд˵Сͨĺۼʱ˵ԼһˣֻһܣԲзͳԮ˵
ֶ֣ҪٻͥԮѾܣǺһ䣬ɵ³ɼȶԸһķ
̫ͥ⶯ǺмȰ˵ǿڲļգҪ̫ͥ˵ʱսһԵһԴУһЦʱ˺еȰ˵
ЦЦ̫Ц̫ͥӣȻǺеĻ̾Ϣѵ̫֮𣬻֪񾡹أĵôһȺһټУô£½֮һĿ˰ɣ
һԣķϵͲгνҲʱϵıĿľΪ˽һһһϵĸĿѣǾҪʼڶе̫ͥӣһĿꡣ
Ȼ̫ͥȻҲף˵Ҳ˵ڻرܡһһҴҪֱģöԷٲһҲأʱ˺ǵȣһ
ǷѾ࣬ۿҪɹĺǻʹӸֱӿʼˣ̱͸˲๣Ͷӿһ
һԣŭЦºαضŭĳҲֻ˵̫ͥģʹӵҲ޷ϾǽҺ̫֮ͥ󣬻ʣˣֻ̹֮һݣηֵҿҺ̫֮ͥ󣬵ˡ
һ㶣û뵽һȻҪ˵ԼЦȻ˼ӣ˵Կңѵ㲻֪ħˮݣʹҲҡ
һ⻰ǹһ˿ЦݣҡҡͷϹű˼䴫жϾҲܵӰ죬ӣȻ֪֪ܶˣˣڸҲһ籾ķϣҾ͸һϹŽɣ
һԼɫѾѿ˵Ҫ˵һʲôϹŽѹѹһȴûж֡
һ״ȻһЦ˵ͷϹ㣬ֻѰֻͷ˵ĳͶһ˵ɣһǡĹʥѪһҡΣ̫ӣӣλðɣ
ĹʥѪһң̫ԣһһͷĬʹһЩʣͷʱһ𣬿Ǻкħͷüͷһ塣
һߣ̫ͥƺҲʲôֻûоϣԲ̫Ծֻתͷ˿һ֮Ǽɵ֮⡣
ںкħͷˣһ֪һҪ˵ʲôɫЩѿԭźħԴͷȻһǾǵʼ֮һسħԸԴѪֻǺһλʦѪ֮˫ޣųɾרſħŵ˷š
ϹžѾἰΪ۷źħŶʹһ֧ĶԷѰ£ἰҲûʲôӰ졣
巽̹֮ģһôһϵ͵ͬڱʹ΢һȻû̶ѣȴΣķʱáһ˵Ҫġ
ͼķֶһ֮£߽ʱһֱĬһԣû˵̫ͥڿ˿ڡ
ĿһһۣӵˣһΪܹЩôû뵽һͽŪš뱾̫ϣЦҾն˴ӣǽ
˵䣬̫ͥ𽣹ٴγһɱһͷһ˿õĸоҲòӦս֡
Ȼ̫ͥһֵһ̣ʹӣħԨͽԼתƺҲ̫ͥӸղһ⣬Ҳ׷׶ݹɱ˹ָĿ꣬ȻҲһ


һ ս棬ת
Ȼ潻վǱⲻ˶ɼֵĽһҲǺôۿ̫ͥӵİ֮£Χһ໥֮䶼ԶԶ룬ǵγɲΧ֮ƣ໥֮⣬ʵӲ
һͷ㣬ȻһսԵΪʵߵһսΪʵҲһսȴҲ㲻ѺΣգ侪壬Ԫ̤̫鲽󽣾ʩչ
Ϊһս̫ͥΪĥʯĥֶΣϤһһʩչܿͽ״̬һһʽǿԪ֧֮£ӳǧٱܡ
ֻƾһһܳӵܣɸֵһʤܡļİԽԽ;죬ʮַر˾ŷַһֹ
ޱΪ˹˹һչֳһ档ʮ֮һĹ֮У̺ɱ
ʼʱ̫֮ͥ⣬Ϊһ֮ηϡ̫֪ͥһֶΣȴ˿ûѵ˼ΪӴʹӣħԨͽת𶼳ЩС
ʹӱҪƾǿӲһҪ̫ͥӽһ¡һĽѾ˵ĺۼô׵ֵһ棬ûץһëڽ֮±һƤ⣬ޱǱ
ʹԶŽѪǿޱȣʧһѪ˵㲻ʲô֮Уǵһ˵ģһܲˡһʱ֮䣬ڱŰԺȻǧɴСھͳһ
ȻһСҲǿǽһ壬Ѫϡڲ֪˶ٴ޳ɣҲɵĴСҲƻϢ̫ԶһڣҲΪ̾
ֻ̾ݿɾ볣Щͬڸпһΰ󣬶ڿǷƬѪС˿Ҳ磬ǽʹɣѪ֮лᡣ
ȻʹȻ֪һⷬǣŭ⻹Ҫʢһ𡣵ڣҲ˵Ȱ˵ȳ򣬹Ԫ͵һ磬޾Ľɫͳһ
˻棬ֶһħԨͽƺΪ´˻棬ɳƵһߵѻȻ㷢裬һ־Ǵս档
νսǴսһе֮Ϲʱ򻹴֮䣬Ϲű֮˼ûм˻棬ԭΪϹű֮˼ûһܹһΪʦֻ涼оȻ״սĽϬҲԸĻ档
ֻǲԸ£˼һʱһӦԵķȻһЦһתʱһɫгǰһ̣ͬĴս澹Ȼ˿ľͱɫ֮С
ڳ˶ɵһ㶣ܿǾͲ²һȻʲôֶʱӡ˴ս棬ֻȴս֮нֻͷһ̣ǾĿ֮Уһƾճ֣뷽һ޶Ĵսͳ˽֮˹ȥ
ͻأսͥҲǽֶȻǲĴڣҪһĹʱͷˣתֵͻأĴս档
ֻЩʹֻ̫֪ͬЩ֮зųĻ澹Ȼ˱仯ݺύƽΧ
֮бħԨͽߺѻҷʲô𣬻ջȥ
⻰ΪԼֶα˵öĺ޲ѵʹɫѿֻʹӣԶѪ̳ߵİôϾʹ˷䣬ǵջشս棬Խ߶ƣƺҪһֶζջŸһ㡣
һֻǵȻһЦּ䣬Ǻɫٴγ֣·޵׶һ㣬ٴνս˽ȥʹǽָڸоԣֻǵҪ緢棬ȴһ֮д޷
һʵһӽŭԵһȵˣΪӲ֪ʹʲôŹֽ󣬾ȻܹŤתǬɱӵĴս棬ܻΪá
һֻǵ˵ͷȴЦʹ˵ʹ˽󣬶òʹõġ޽򡯡


һһ ۻȼ
޽ǵͯԽƴڸʫġֻһһݺ£շתһеġ
һΪǿʱ򣬾ǿһ󷨲ҡΪʵ̫Ѹ٣ʵѾˡ޽򡯵ûôʹãֻ֮壬һѰһЩ˰ˡ
ڵõͨ콣ĴУֽ֮ͨͨ󣬻Ȼһʵֻõһ룬һͨ콣֮жΪֻеմܴڵĽ̫鲽Ԫ̫ϵͨ൱
޽ʱ򣬽ȫġ޽Ҳһ飬ֳԭųơɰٴԪ֮ͨ⣬̺У󷨵ʩչÿһ¾Ȼ̫鲽ͨ
֮ǴǿٶԶ֮áһֺϻá޽򡯡ֻһȻѧᵫ죬ʱղ͸÷һȺֶǾڣһССĶܱ˼ôö֮Ĳ
ҲˣȻڰвá޽򡯣һȴһֱûзĻᡣֱһΪʹӱŭȻ³çķųСһʱ֮޷֣ץסᣬԥĽ޽򡯷
޽ʼϹһɴ󡯣ųʥ֮ܡȻ򵥡ɰٴֻı仯˺Сתơ¾һԪ𡯵仯
ʱһʩչոյĵڶ仯ҲǡתơڡɰٴĻ֮ϣܹסһ֮󣬸ؾתնԷֱתͿƶԷ
һȻڱǿһ֣ȴһʱ̣ʵ֮У˲ܽԷսԼս𡮺ɰٴ˵Ҫ׼ʱ䣬ʵս塣Դʱ˵һڽӵԸˡ
ʵ಻൱һһǱתơǿгȡԴ־˱仯һ֮ȻӲס
£ӵսӿҪ˷ܲѡһȴͬΪѾԼƿأҲ˵һսһ֮ӮˣԼҲ䣬飬Խܲ˵ġ
ȴ˵޽סˣӷ߷߲ѣųȥҲ˲
ֻǶУҪ͵óӱԴĴս棬һ㲻ˣҲҪһ󡣶ڹʮִ˵ȴǾԲϵġҪð˶֮пʧΣգǿӱ˱ԴԶñˡ
һϷ֣ͬһֲԮȣֻܱȳűԴ֮һҲȻԪٲʱֹ߲䣬µһľˡ
ȻҲԼΣɫ࣬ͷһᣬƺ¶ʲôģһȣһĹǰ
νǧñһʱôͣΪҾҰɣ
һХͷй⻪ʱһӰ֡ЩӰŮϢȻϵĸ֣Ƿδ翴ȻƷջʹӺѾ֮ࡣ
Ҫ֪һɵļֵ㹻һСżɵУٲ۸磬ɻϾͼһ࣬һɣһֻܵʹʹԼ
Ҳֳ֮˼䣬ֱΪ㹻֮󣬻߲Ѳŷ磬˼䷱ܾˣȥǰѡ
չһǰģǳǿ𡣱Щɼʹӣһս֮УȻȼϺըһģһѡ޽򡯶
һɵüͷ΢壬ͷſȻĶԣЩ˾㱻ȼϸȼգǧ޻һĲ̡
ʱռϷ磬ʵղȸ˿ʱѱﻹж˼Щɵˣο֮˱пɺ֮ȻͶūͣӦ뵽һ죬ȻˣΪǶԼգβתͶ̥˵Ļᡣ
Ľѣһûֵͣ˼߶ٶԽԽ죬ֻ뷽Ųͬǣ޽֮ĿƣЩ֮˵Ļȥ


һ ˼ط꣬ʮΣ
һȼϣʹӵıԴĹȻ˲٣ֻ޽ͨ콣ѹֶ֮һô׽ǾʵˡһȼͶţȻѽļûá
ʹȻƲѣµ˲ϵͶȼʱ䣬ûбİ취
ֻΪɣʹӣȻʹŮһѣҲиͶţģеĵ͵ȵԱȻһա
о޽򡯽ǿӣһҧȻԼƽ谮Щ檸˳
Щһɫ㣬Ѽƽ˲ٺôһȻɼ֣𷽲Щʹǿʮһ׵ս֮Уֵܵһ󹦷
Щ˶һ֣ӿνʹ˼㡣ƿ޽һԣͷϲޱ޹ص˶ԣؤ̬ͬѾ飬йϵˣȴİٱȴ˵׵һ档
˽ٸŮ֮֮ʣΪʮˡЩŮӶӵͷ⣬кЩ׽ûģ뵽Ҫ棬ҲɵЩġ
ֻоٴӿȨԼͱڻ˾ϣŭһһɿͽЩŮһ֮С
һѣһζĲɹĻܹӳʧܣһοΪҲһ
һ֪ͬȻĲ̣ܹһλὫӼǺһʤ˲١
ֻǾҪȫƶ޽ʹʧܵʱһȺŮ֮УһӰ֣ʱͷһ
Сף
һһӰˣҹ˼ƴȫҪȥѰСסֻû뵽ټ˼䣬ֻǶѾڶһ档
һСҲ͵̧ͷ󹬣ȻӣҲʧȥϣһͶ棬Ϊһ֮Ҳ˼ҹ˶˭֪Ȼٴμ棬Ѿһߡ
ۿС׾ҪͶս֮УһҲ룬˲ת޽ԭת˳ѸٵġתơȻֹʲôУʲô棬ʧ
ͬʱһӴķһϣǿܲסһɫԪ³ʱѾûѪĴڣһԪ£Ѫذٱ
ֻһ˿Ҳ˲ˣһһɴս֮ǰС뻳Сһʱ֮䣬Ŀԣǧɣڲ֮С
ʱһгǽѵӣһЦĿŶ˵ۣС꣬ӿǰʲ͵˼Ѫǧϸûǿɾֻ͡û뵽㾹ȻɣСӡãããСӸһɱ˴ˣһбﶼ׸ӣҾΪ򲻽ҪһҲһú
⻰ΪΪطϲСףɫˢľͰһɣһͥˣһʱ֮ͷ᲻ѣ̧ͷһһҵ֪˼Ϊˡ
ûС˵꣬һס죬ſͷ˿΢΢һЦЩҶ֪Ҳ˵ˡİɣһֻҪҽȫ£ûܶ˶ˡ
СԽһȼһ˿Σ˵ͷȻһţƺȫĵط
ӱΪԼҪЮö˾ѣû뵽ԼǧټƶԲķ⾹ȻԶһ˵ĿУһʱ֮䣬ŭʣԹȼգһ飬ڳԣӽ콫һԹŮһʬΣ
֮УһͳһȥΪһ𻯺֮ٶ֮챾Ͳ̫鲽ֻǰв磬ŭǷͬѰ˲Ϣ֮һǰֳһ˫𵶣ȼܽͳһСնɱȥ
һȻ´֮УȴҲ֪ڻûһ̴⣬ۼɱ˲ͷ̫鲽ܿȥֻһովһɶͷħԨͽ
һȻãνּһǵǹƥû˵ʱ򣬻ӲӡСףֻڴ˷̫鲽˿ȥһΣոͣ£һͬʱ潣Ϭ̫ͥ˭ˡ
˵߶̫鲽ѾһޣһȻǿܹ߶Ҳ滹뵽˴һ£Сͬʱһתͳ̫ͥӭȥ


һ ˮһսնɱ
һһпƱˮһսȻŷˣʵֻܷӳɲƾӲתɱУƣһ˿·š
̫ͥӱǳ˻һˣһƴһ֪Լܹɱ˶ԷԼҲҪϼˣ뵽һ˵Ļɱ֮ģ˲Ϩ
ҪŹôһɱĻᣬҲϣ˼һʱһתȻΪᣬҪһ룬Χɱһ
ֻ˫ӣ̫ͥӷǵûгܵһ;о֮ϾȻһɱҪ͵˲סĽͲԼƣһķӴɱȥ
һǽ֮УνͣᲢáַ޽֮˶һ֣ѾڣһҪԽڸͺ֮תҲ˿ģǾֻд˵еͨԽʵܴﵽˡ
ԭžɱ֮Уһ֮ˮһսǲ²̫ͥӾƴãһһ·ãȻӲƴһᣬԼȡһ·
Ȼһ̫ͥӺתƴһ˲Ϣ֮䣬֮гһ϶һһݾ˳
ֻһγûԤôףΪ̾Ƿŭӻħͽӭ˼ʶһֶΣûٴμлһһסһ
һͷһ֪ǵ̫ͥӺתӶΧԼǾ֮ˣһأһĲ˵ֻҪնɱӣܹסСױסˡ
һˣһɫһʼ֮ǰȼԪ鵤ġɵֻһȼյĲɵ̫ϵš
ȻɵҩΪ̫ϵһɵҩǿٱڡɵ£ֻὫһһͳͳһͷš
һ͵ոõҪڶʹá˵ʧν󣬵ܹͬҲƾ춯ءһ˲䣬ѾڳˣԶŵϢִ߶ԸǿĿơ
оһϷı仯ӺħͽľѣΪɸ֣Ȼ֮ȼձԴķšЩȻľ޴󣬵Ҳǿޱȣɸʹó˵ǵ˵һһͬ֡
ֻɣ֪ķ˶ٿ˭Ըƴ಻һЩԪˣºܲȣȼձԴķţһٸʮŸô
ԼþսλֶЩԾ˼һתǿдǰ;ôϸһƴһ񣬶˾ȻսˣĿĲ˵ȻҪʱİ취һģһ֮󣬾Ƿʱ̡
ֻһȻʹֶΣô޵ķʸϢһɣһʧ֮ͬʱʧĻӰʱʱ̾ͳʩչ𻯺硯֮ǰ
һǡ̫鲽֮죬Ȫֻ̫֮鲽һƮݵʣһǿд߶ķǧԪԵñ³ˡ
³ˣ̫鲽ǴĽͨӸûһ㷴ӦʱͱһץסвأʱǾҪһһˡû֣һɷһü룬˲ͨȫʱǣӾѪ
һնɱʱһͻһķɳǽ֮һͷߴСĽڣӵĽԪʲô
νԭʿ֮ǴɵԪ塣ѰʿڵĴԪһСľͻᱻĲͬԪҲԪʵ뱾νǿһĴڡ
һһʱ飬˽Ԫ񣬿ӵһȻҲǼʧҲѽ߾磬ǰ˵ʲô鶼ȲϱסҪ
һľɱһ֮˶֮Ĳ֪࣬ԼȼձԴҲܵеùԸɴ뷨ºݻ˼ûУתٴδ߶𻯺Ӷݡ
һĿľҪԪ͵ڹһ񡣿û˱壬𻯺ѸٵӣɫȻٴδ߶̫鲽һǰ
ӼԼѡ˳һҲҪ׷ͷһֻ֪һԼ֮ǰвСɡ
ոҪһʲôһһӣһתõԪֵһµĻᶼûоͱƬĴ֮һʹӣϹŽ˼䡣


һ ָ㣬һն
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ѪȫԽСɣʱСĽѪᴿ߾磬ʣ˵ܹѸͻɾ磬ɡ
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ʱƣļʽƴȫնɱ֮Ըˣʱ׸ˡ
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һʱĽ֪λǰƢŹ֣Щ˼ĳЩط˵ġԡҲ룬һǱǰ˵ǣϧһ·йԼĦǰָ޷ȫȷʵǶǰˡ
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鱾ڣһͬλƺ಻˿һ档ţһĭӡ
˵Ǵ۽磬Ȼ֮áûһ䶼˹ؼڣһ˼õһһѣһʱ֮䣬һеڸʱ⽫һɾûκ̤תʵϼ
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⻰һ㶣̫ͥһҿղžѾľȫ񲻹װǻưˣҽʾʹնɱ㻹ʲôֶοʩչ
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һ΢΢̧һָͷһƬ𣬶ֳ֮һ߲߲Ϻڡסࡢ⻪ҫԼɼзâҫС


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ͨ󣬵ʮѣͳʽһΪ̫ϵһ֮ɣ߱ǷͨһᱦҲ򲻳
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ͨȻȴһأڵõ֮Ȼ£ȻҲͨӲ٣ֵܹɸһʱڽɸǻּƵġ
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˻һ̫ͥӺħͽٳһһ˲ҲúϼƣҲý뻮һһǾǰȾܡ
һ΢΢һЦȻϳ߱ѵΪܵõô߱һˢƾ·
˵䣬һͷɫᱦʱ䣬һɫΪĳ˷ɢȥ̫ͥȻѸ٣ܵùԶŵͨ
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һɫڿζԸˡ⻰תͷͳ̫ͥȥ΢΢һЦ¸ʲ֪˭Ҽ̳̫ϵУ֪λϹͥĸ֣ϹͥҲЩ顣
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ԼΪɻ鱻̫ͥӶʱŭѣתͷħͽһˣ
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һ ֮
̫ͥһڼΨһݵľԼϵᷢı֮ͥ顣ƽ˸ǰϰ֣Ҫɱһ
񣬲ϵױڳûһҪһʱ֮佾Ϲ˳һ˫ͨ۾һӣ̫ͥӣ֮ͥҵĳƣɱңҲڵи㣬ͽҪͥıʱҲҪʱϣļˣ檣ͽһжҪٵһ
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ȻǱ彵٣ɽΪʥɱ󣬽һͶӰնɱϹŴ̫ͥӣȻǽɸ֣ϹŴ˲Եƣֻһɱ
⣬оֻҪһԼһУӡĨɱκθ֮ûáһʱ֮䣬ڻˣˣҪġ
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һգһͷħͽڶԷǷһâڱĸоǾͲǵĶˡ
ոħͽһΪתӶȻҪһЩ˭֪תӻ˳ת棬һͨΪͷ̾һΪʦԸз𷨡
һ˵һҲ˵벻ţֻħͽһ㣬̨ʶ֮һɽµڶ¡
ո֮һȽ̫ϹųµӴɨսͬʱɼ·һǽ˾ץϢ©ڶǼ˼ʿ֮У˽ɱħһ塣
ڱ˵ѣɼ˵ֱ׾٣һ֮Ҳǳɹ񣬴֮Լһ˾ͳȥ
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ٴδСӣȻѾߵһˣҾ͸Ҳ޷Ҫس˵𣬵ʱ֮Ψһ黽̹š
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󣬴֮ߴڵһŮŮ洣֪㣬ˣҲ塣֮㣬дˣ֮֮˲ݣռأΪǽһٻɽ١
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Ϊĩ֮򣬶һʥֻ֮֡ʥλ𷽱̩Ů񣬰ӷ׼ֻĩδʥʶ棬ĩһʥʽ˥ȥʥѵֻɢĩ١
ֻĩضƣʥ뱸ҲϾ𡣶ħҲĩ֮еһССǰףνĩٱνޣ½򱶣ʱһֻ֮䡣


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ĩ֮£һͷɻҪʣȴȿڵǷôغڴ˴ĿΪΣ
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һһЩ㵵ָָԼǰ˼ҪҼ̳̹ŴУɾһʥˡ
ʥƺʲôЦЦΪõ̹ŴоܹʥôЦ̫Цô򵥾ͳʥ¶ʥˣο˳ʥΪʥ֮͵Ĵڣ˵ĸϼһͽʬ꣬ˣΪ¡
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뵽˴ҪѯζԸȴ˲˵ˣʥΪϣʥһнޣֻһΣԸʥô
⻰һʱӷ˼֮г뵽ĩٽ٣ʥ˲ֵʱסԸ⡯浣˶Ρ
һʱ֮˼֮УֻҲûдߴ٣˾ĵȴ˲֪áһָ˿ǻţᶨĵ˵ͷԸ⡣
õ֣ƺҲ˳صĵһ㣬һЦһϵ㻹æ
һһ㶣֪ڸ˭˵һֻ⻪תһƬƳ֣ɫ֮УһһŮǵһ취Ƕô
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һΪʲô̹棬ʲô棬ʱЩͷԡ취֣ʱ֪ǵĶˣʱͻ
һ˹ֵԭǵңСӲʤм֪յǰΪ£
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һһ㶣Ĳܣϵ˵һʥͽʱ𾪵Ŀɿڴô࣬ǿͻָĿ羴Ŀ˵֪ң
⻰ҡͷЦ㣬ϵĵȻǿã¾ͽɣ
˵䣬̧ץһɫһסкȻը԰Ӱ֣βԵøߴĿҲͨͨǶȺоҲֵ֣ǣԴӳ֣һĿҲת
㣬ѵǴ˵еʥˣðΣһűôһ仰
⻰΢΢һЦ˵ͷҡҡͷǣҲǣұʥˣΪҪ棬޷뿪ֻһͶӰ㲻ϣҲ㲻ʥˣ൱ˡ
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һһ㶣ʥˡ˼һԷȻڣԼǾ࣬δⱻ˿ᣬ̹Ȼʵ֣֪˵ΰ쵽ػһ档
һʮ⣬ָָֻҪܹҵ̹ʥ룬첻ȫĸԴڣһоӭж⡣
Դһһѵ̹ŴУ
һЦȻһʥĺѡһͨ
һûΪĿ佱ϲɻ󣺡̹ŴвôΪλҪȥѰҡ
ҡͷ̹֮̹ŴȴͲˣ̹ԶʱھѾȡߣµ̹֮ģǿտǰˡ
տǣһһǿտǣѰ̹ŴУ˵̹ŴУʥ˵ĴڣѵһҪɡ


һ Ҿңգ
ЦһҪǲˣ֮ǰͳɾϴ棬Գ˵ҪҲġ
ٴƻһЩżˣõΣ
ԣ¶һ˿صЦݣҲҵӵʥӡǣֻܹصԴڣһԼ̹ŴС
Լ̹ŴУ
һֻһͷˣƺģ׼ϸϸش𣬵ʱһһƬڣһӣ̨ͤ¥־ڿȻȫȻľһ̫Ϲ֮ϵɹڡ
ʱһϵɹ֮д󵨷ӣı̹ŴУɱ̫ͥӣʣҪûɢó
⻰һͷһ𣬲˵ԷͥʣϹ۵Ů档룬˸ܹͥ½ѾǺľȫкöʱȴʵ۵һ޶ȣһɳ졣
˭֪ɱСģϵģϵĻ̫ҽɵĴڣ˵˵޷ƥе£ҲЩšǴеĴڣͳˡ
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˵ţ˾Ҫ֣ʱȴһʦ𲻱ˣһл̹飬Լɣ
˵䣬תͷһһ״Щ֪ԡھȥǸԴڣܵõ̹ŴУһӭж⣬ǲܣһнݣ֪ɸҷһ
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һ̣Ϸӡһ䣬һץЩ֮У԰¡ѪΪںϳһΣȻһģһһһ
ǸһȻۣҲԼֻǻûŪҪ˵ʱ΢΢һЦһ䣺ʱˡһУ綼ʼƺһʱ̵١
ֻһһأֻ΢΢һָһ̹֮Ȼ򿪣ͬһž޿ڣͽ˽ȥһ̣̹֮ĺҲʧԭֻ˺ŮӶˣԼһǡ
һ̹֮ʧһ̣һӰƯڿУһݵӣ˿飬֪صǸʱ򣬻᲻ᱻʥвء
ԣǺһЦľˣһβͽ֣ͨϼһȻˣȴһ塣
⻰ӵ˵ͷˣǷܹõ̹ŴлתͿԼˣҵҲˣҸʧˣҲûȥˡ˵գνȥɢ
ۼŶԷʧٻһܣ˿ΪĩᵽľҡͷͽҲһİ
һԵŮһЦϵǧɾͺ֮λȻŲߣϵˡ
⻰˹һЦͷǣŮӱڻУһתҲŮͬʱʧ̹ڱͥɹᵽȴֿտҲڣһŭ쳹֮䡣
ȴ˵һ̹֮ģͻ˯˹ȥ֪˶ãƵתĿǳ֮ɫʱһϺͷѽҸһѹ
⻰֮оϤ̧ͷȥһȻϵ˴һɫӳǰ
һ㶣ϵæָųӵϺͷ㿴λ˭ǴǸӴ
һԲɵֹǵԼһɲʲôͷô꣬Ȼϵõ˺ܶ࣬ȴ֪ĸӵĴ롣
ʱǳ΢΢һЦԪѹˣʵǺӣǾźƵţһȻƮѣʱ
ʵƣһһ㶣һԺгӰһʱоͶණһʱ䣬ͷ㵣ңϲֻ֯һ֮̾ǰ˭ң֮˭ҲգҲգҾң
˵䣬ϻָһĵȻʵһֵƶƣѡ
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