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һ С
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ǡ
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ǡɴʣ
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һɣܵȫµʹ
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šһĻĻǰԭ塱Ͷء

ҽСʮ꣬ǲɽʮɽկ֮һկկĶӣҲկŮǵկѹկδ򡭡
ҵִΪկﻢˣʮꡣ
ҵǰկ֮λĽֵﻢҲ֪ǲ˵̫غͿˣλˡ
ûϵͿûУɱܱ֮
ﻢʼ壬˵ȵҳ꣬Ͱկ֮λҡ
˵ҵǰָǲڹŮҳףߺߣ
֪ﻢֻܿңҵܣҿ϶ȢĳѾͷһûǰͳң
ԴУ
ڰгﻮһҾ͡ġɽˣȥֳΪ
֪ﻢֳǱΧǺͿƴȥȣֳؽ޳˲Ρ
Ȼɵһȥˡ顱֪ÿῴû˯̤ʵһᷢҲˣᷢǷݡ顱
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һҹǺպգ㣬㵽˱СﻢܼʱϵѾӵʱڣҾͲ㱻ֹصĹٱǸˡ
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ҺҴı㣬Σʱ̣ﻢⱰСɽկ˴ҴҸϵɱֹعٱ׷ɱ
ҲлһŹôŸߣһжӲǻ۵˫ۣ
Ҽ˵ǣСﻢװģΪ˾ңҲ޳ɴˣ

۰
ϧûֱӴ
صɽկΪʮִǰˡ顱ԴﻢǲûйңֻԺǧҪ³ç
ǿЦ³ç
ǺúͿĴ򡭡
ﻢһ쿩Ѫ￪ļˣȴֵʮѹĬţмЩûסЦգ㱻ǸѾͷ֣ҺüΡ
ﻢҲ֪ǲɵˣ֮ķ֣֮ң˿ТģԴҲôˡ
дǵȻûңҵΪﻢҲû˹ﻢǡ
ֹ˰꣬ﻢڻˣҵһ
ıĿ׻¶˳
ҵկ֮λȻĳŮ

ȻСţŹ㣬ǱҵɽģĶӣʶͿᰮӼ˽ĻĻС˵ٿ壬Ҵм־ɽйбˣδç䵱ʲɽ
ǣҲҪмҪկ֮λҲּҵģկүүִţܸǸֱɵĳѾͷ
ɼһжûӹҵƲ⣬ﻢè׻¶˺βͣ
ЦɽկЩ˽ڵĴç޷ǻѰôɣ˵ʲô̫С̫࣬书ߣ˵ʲôﻢŮǳѾͷҵĵմӣϱʱկ֮λ
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꣬ëѾͷɵģͰƨɺ溰򣬹򣡣
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һУ϶ǸŮ˹ⰲŵģһձɣ
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첻ң첻ң
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ԭڹжﱻ׼ɽ¶ʱҵĿŶọ̀Сȴֻйĳޡ
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ɥĲ˷ָ
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׽ĺӣԣɫԻЩʵˣ
Ц̣ﻢҵ磬ҲȥɣǸӣ׽ҡ
ԣᶼˣʵȻ֪׽㣬ֺοȥߣҲǹ⡭û˵̸꣬Ͻ˿ڡ
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Ϊ£Сʹ˼ˣʧ̬Ҫﻢ
ӼпҲȷ̶ܿﻢ飬Ӧֹ񡭡
ˣ̲գ壬Բ̶ȰĻСĿ̾Ϣ˵Щˣ̲Ǹ˼úӹǣ
Ȧ죬Ҳһ̾
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ͷ΢Ц£ԺҲȥ˼ˣǰۡ

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ͰΪܸû˺ֻһ׽㣬춼ҪæɽկĴ£ûʱֻнһˣҪúദء
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һСѾͷ뵽ЩеԾž۰ɡ
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ͬǵĹϵͺܲã֮·ݴһٵСǾ͸ˡ
ﻤţպΣӡ



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ϴգǵĴһһ׵ι緹
Ϊ˵ͣԭܲסӰչ˵ġ
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ѪҪģӣԵ㡭
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Сļе֪ϣѪױȻƽмֵ
ѪףȵĻƽ
ΪϰĶ֣ҪһͱҪʳѪ׵ѪǰС˵δ˵ġ
ѰˣʳѪףڹ̱ԪǿǣҲкô
˵ѪǳΪһֵıҪ֮һɻȱ
ֻѪ׵ֻءա
⣬˭Ҳִ˵ᱻ
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뱻裬ֽ𣬾һҪ֤ǿҲͱزѪס
ﻢһ֣˵׻ΪѪ׶
ֶ̣㲻ϣԺ󲻱ȥҪѪˣ˶˷ѣһѪ
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̲⻰磬ֻʣ࣬ӿɾúЩˣ
Ц졭;öȺġ
̳ĿȺľͺãӺõĿ죬һðơҪ˵̵Ҳֻ֪͡ɽկԭּҵģǴ󵱼ҵģǴ󵱼ΨһĶӡʲôʱ򣬶

⣬Сˡ
̼˵һЦӱǣĲ˼̫ࡣһҸЩ㿴Žƶ书ؼҲ࿴ġѧһɣҲ˳㣬ǲǣϧ׻Щ
԰գǣںñǣʰȥ

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Ҫ֪ѧϰկ߾ѧǬžҲ8㹦ֵ
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Ȼ̺;ﶼҷҲϽǰΨ˵ʲôĻ
Ŀ⵭Ŀ
ǰһ̾Ƿһ񣬵ˣƽ
һĻԲۡ
Ȼǲ˽̻ɽկʵҲڲŮĸ֡
˴żǼҳ㷹ֻе˼Ҵ٣еĺĵĴء
˸Ů֮¡
οǰɽկΪеϧҲպٲҪܼұ
ΪϵԵʣǼұᷴ
Щ뵽Ǹ涼̣˵ĶС
ҲɽկＫϲԵ֮һ
ԭΪǰ˵ģȴû뵽ǰһ
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ЦĿ⣬
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֮鶼һγǲŵǣ
ʱ򣬴ӹʱһҲʱٸˡ
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뿪һֱ¸ҴЦС˻ɤӣźڰд漴Ҳ̲סؿ޳һ˫СסСӶ־
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ǰӴнӹģ书ǿȻѴܵԺ󡭡һ뷨ӣɽկˡ
⻰С߹ķȴöһۺ󣬸ȰССŶģѾСǸ˵Ϊ󵱼ҵױǴ󵱼ҵˣȴúõģұزǣʮ֮һγ岻жϢֻҪܺúϴ󵱼ҵģؼʱ󵱼ҵĵ´󹦡Դ󵱼Ҿ£ɽկ󵱼ҵڣɽկڡ󵱼ҵ£ɽկҲˡ󵱼ԼҲ֪һ㣬һƽСŶԣˡ
㡭˵ģǡô
ڽǰһֱװżǿСʱȴѾ޵۾ףĿǵǺͺ£
΢Цŵͷ˵ģ˸ͷȴúõģĴҲưոݡֱ磬ܲһһݣýˡСŶİɡ
ⷬ򵥵ĻȴΧķֺʹ̼ﲮȼλɽկвɫ䡣
СԣȴЩãȻ⣬Ҳûٶ˵еĿ϶ͱ֤ԾͲʹˣֻϣһһġ
Žǵ㣬ΨһѪװ

ֳǣظڡ
̫Իؽ޳ɲֳԱڻ࿤ԼҶ޻ڲ࿤ְѪϿˡ
̫Ի࿤ԼӵܣԼΪıλãԼ۵ĵ̡
ʱЩˡ
ԼҽһӴ̶ӣԼҵϵԶԴӣԼԨԴѪϿ˻
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ɰǧɽҪϷһʮѵһĴ⣡
˭Ϊȸ˭Ϊ˭Ϊˣյδҿǰ˭֪



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һһ·ʮ󣬱ãã޼ʵĴԭ
Ⲣƽһҹʮﳤһɿһ죬ǰǰ󾭹ʮӾŻѵĶ顣
ɽկȻʮСկȴǲ
䳣սټ̰ڶ࣬ˣƵɽݾͳ಻ʰȥһ·
Сկʵ϶ļѣԻܹǿ棬Ѫףȴ졣
ûѪףͲܵһ֡һկɽկԶʮկȼ磬ָܷԴջѪס
⼸һ޽ѭ
䷨ˣǽһСƿԴȻ࡭
һأ࿤ԼҵٲܣɽկõϢ
֪˴Լ̶ѪϿȳ֣ϰѪŵĺֻ©ɽկɲ١
ڷկɽկеɽկկһѹկȴжĶ֣һֱڲϵѰᣬϣгһܽΪʮһƶ
Դ˴Щд־еɽկǷ׷Ƽ໥ˣɲСڴ˴ʢзһ
϶ߣ̽Լ̶̻Ѫף
ԭĳµأһ״ڿϾҹɫһͨԭԺʵĵ·ʵ
ԭ˽ɱͷ˽ԽɵѪףʮĴ
οԣѪױͺأֵԹֺαȥԭȡѰƻ
һӣͭ࣬ͳдѪ伫أԼΪ˽Իֳǵ̫أԼҴ󲿷ֵ̡Ѱֲȱ١ߣѪԭΪƷȴʥ⣬ԭ㲻Ҳɻȡؼǧǰԭ֣ʢʱʥ֣ƺڱ̨ʳ˾ѧʥأ书ؼʧܻȡһݻǡ
ҷ־ƷԼֻУԼһݴԵδز֮ܽšԣġ
һ̾һѪ䣬ֺαͷڰ˵ľֻӣֻǣĸڣɽկֵúȥ
һ˳Ĭ
Ҳӹ֣Ҳб
κϣһ޾ʦУǰΪ·ṩѪס
һɾֹֻڶ֡
ϻڰ˵ϿˣϣҲӲһغϡ
ҵʵ죬׻˵ĺãиߵĶšҵҲûô̰ͼȡԼ̶ӣֻһЩи˰ա
˴ʮȴկɳկ⣬š츫ɽͽӱһ֡ڣϿ˶ϲὫѪ׼ǡֻҪϿ˲ǣǾлᣡ
˵һ˫ϸʱʱо
Ϊŷѵߣ֮Ϊ߱
˴Ҳ˺ڷկɽկѰﻹƵеɽկı¡
ŷ԰գڷկկյͷ͵ԲկկΪʮ֮һϵһλկΪŮ֮书֮߾ʤﻢˡ
ɳկҲ֮ʮڲɽνպգĺʸһ֣ȴһġ
Ҫ˵һܲܵסѪϿˣҪĸˡ
ǽɽկկ£һԲĸͷȴһŴԲ˿̿ЦÿÿἰŮֱľ;ԼһͶˡʮ˰治֪ôġ
ڷկկպغٺһЦĽģҲһˡկĴҪııԣҪ书书εǿʢֻƺӣֻʣһټһկȻҪһëѾͷ֧šֻ˵ҲˣƫʦͺͿϵǰ˷ݴȼѵһŮƽȥӢ۸ȴ˸ķӣɽկ˵һĽˣ뵱ӣĺЦ˼ǣ಻Ů裬ǡ컯Ū˰
˭˲ԣ˵ľˣҲ񫡣
⵽ΪͻȻһŮͷǿѹüжЩʹƽ
׶û޳ܵң໥ۣٺһЦἰ䵣֮£ζΪСɽկӶжšҾͲߵĶֳȥ̫ԻҲ˵ǻԪǹ޳ȴǲ֮կһһ࿤ԼңҲ˵֮ǹΪƾѪϿˣܺ޼ɣ᲻У
һաŷüͷ룬ҡҡͷֻҪҲ̰ģҪ̫ǰҲνаɣ
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պٵ³϶⻰ԣٲƴһѣպ֮ˡӲһ㱻̿ƴˣ
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СԣС˵Цݣ͹ɵסˣ֮һīԺ
ˣ緹
̵ĶһһСһ
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ҽĺŶСǸ绹ʯͷͰţҽΡҪǽ֣ζܳɽ
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ﻹοԼ԰ɣȥǺӡҲǸëͷСӣԭͷʱҲû˵кɫ֮ûµġ



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Ҳһգ۾Ͱɣ
Сǵļ򵥳ݣɴǴˣĹ
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ӻɡãýηȻЦкǹľҪҪ˵
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Ͷ޲ڵһȥ¼ҡ

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΢ЦСŶ࣬ҽԶ֮ǰһЩ飬Լãֵ˰үүĽ̻崫ڣܿһЩ򵥵Ĳ֢
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ԣͷϵգͷϽ
ٺٺٹֺõЦλһܰð緹

緹;һﴺϴ˹ư裬Ϣ󣬿ˢ֮á
կΪɽʮկ֮һ˿٣ΧǧԸģȴûˡ
˵ֻΪ濴ʱ
ûţԲȥ鷳
ҲǿдѸߣܸƲˣûʱе֮ա
ˢʮµ㣬⾪ϲ
ĺɫʱ֣ǣСһұϵľС֣һ۷īԺ
⼸ﲻڼңԲڼҶסԾ͵īԺ봺ͬס
˵᲻ѽ
ѵóĬһľȻСͰʵ
΢΢һЦδش𣬷ʵСڹƽܷԲԣ
ĬĬͷĴ۾Щʪ
˸ͷϵС٣Цİɣˣ㿴Ļô򵥡Ͼ˶书ҲǿҲ
⻰ǴڰοֺǰСļ䣬Ȼδ޵˲á
ֹϰ츳ޣıƲߺԣϵȡ
ͻʮѨΪһֺ󣬲δ֪կΨ˵ﻢͷ֪
ﻢ˲κ󣬱ֻзһ֪
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ɳկԭΪկֻʣһһΧɱ֮ؿһƽ
ȴկŮչܴɡ
һս֮ؼѡĴɱʹɱʱίʵԡ
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һһּ䣬ҲмĲͬġ
ʮѨͿһߴѨ֮
Գ䲻һնɱ죬ȴδһնɱ̣ѡսһ뽩ֽ׶ΣǾӮҲֻǲʤ
ѡ죬Էͷ󵱼ңȡᣬɼԡ
ﻹĿɽկϮۿɽկȥֻΪıһʱ
ǾüжѾ߱ġ
ǣȴЧ
һɳկկ̵ߵһΧɱԷһˡ
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һսկҲһٵֶկͷŽε˸ɡ
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俴ȴҲܸо˫ţϡĶ
ҲǣԭСĸйۣѾܽˣʹޡ
˭ϵ񾹻Ὣģ
Ϊʲôеȴڲס
ССһұϣٲɥüŪڿҽĺˣͼŶ˵ǾͳףڿסһŶ



ڶʮһ ı
ɽһããԭ
ǧƵɽǲͣӿ룬Ҳˮ󺣣ڲԭϼֺˡ
ɳկկ̽չʮ꣬ɽһʿ
һѣ޵İ߰׷ƾ˼֮
һҡ۷
Ȼ˽һЩƽ¼֮ˣ;˸롣
̱ɳկկ˾ͽĶӣΪһָ󣬲һ书
ʦ纣˾ͽ˥Ҫկ֮λĳӣҲ̵Ĵʦ˾ͽʱ̺¶֣öҩ˾ͽ硢˾ͽӣѪϴ˺޷˾ͽҵɽկɽկ
ֻ˵ҲգϾɽһҲ֮С
˷ָȴں棬˾ͽӲδȥȴŶ˵棬ʦɩӺСʦá
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ɳկ̸֮ΪϵĽӸиԹ䷢й
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ΪȻֶα̬˷ָԳȺ书߾˶ʮʱ䣬ɳկֹ
һκݺկŮУ̲կһ춼ƿ¡
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һկꪳɳɳկ˺һʱ򣬲˴ٶȳɽ
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پԾƽ̹ĲԭϷ棬ǻҲҪ˱ᣬǧಽȫһɱ
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˹֮ԣ΢΢һУȴδǺЦȷϳɳ֮ԡ
ӱһ޽ӱԺۣͷҫĿҪҪץԭϵʣ˵Ķ飬˵󲻴˵СҲСѰЩͷδز
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ԭԺԲΪͼڣΪ令ڽ̣ʥĳ
ȻЩʽ΢жʦʵǲɽЩçɱȡ
˾ɽͷڲԭΧԴʱ˺
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룬Ǹһ飬רկĳ֡ǳˣ̴Ǹǰ棬ȻկûгôԼ̶ӵ̻ݲȾָ򣬾ҵɽկΪУؽ֮
ׯ˹˺ͽԻһۣ̹żѹկ˵ֻкôûлҲԸһϷѵõķ⣬һ˵ͷ
կ֪ôʵҲ⣬˴կռǴһĻƽ𱦵أ

뻢ХʮһͲɱţ£𣬿֧á
һֻֻڿϣһ̳̳ƶСɽ
򵹲ϡ棬СɽƣڲԭȴǼΪټġ
ǣԭдĿ˾Ȼԭˡ
һɫڣһӺݻĲԭϸӺнϣ߻żԭˣߣȴһŮ
һΪԭŮͷϴɺ顢ɺʯ觱ͷΣϵޣƳɵĻԵѤá
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ԭ֮ϲúˬԸ񣬼˴ŮȻ׶
ϸȻӻϲŮͽ߿һֻ֣ٿĿпԺʹ·Ϸ˶񼲣ŲŮӵʹһ죬ǽ첻飬еصӦΧ˶Ҳ޲ߡ˵ǹƥԭ꣬Ųʮɣǳּ⡣Ҳ֪ҽⲡķӣѰҩΪֹʹһƫ⺢ƷԸ߽࣬ʩͼ˾ˣ󣬺Щӣÿ˶˱ӡԭΪѼ˭֪һȺо˱նǸģ֪ӡ
ΧһƬЦ׷׸Ϳ˵ĸֺԼ˵Ե֡
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˭뵽ǧ֮󣬾һŮɽС
ԴɳʵҴ˴ΣҲϷ˱ӻˡ
ϸЩֵ֪һ壬ĹٶԼ˴˵Ϊ˶ԸǲʮģΪλҪ˻ˮأǲ޵յġ
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ꡰžһȣһ΢ЦȻ۾ȴ˿Ц⣬ΰҸ졣

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ʱΨи𿴼ҵһԺɨæţˣգڶЪء
ͷ΢Ц裬ѩ̲ô
ЦͳˣɽկŴ˴ʤ̣пУǰҹŻصļҡ
ٶԣЦŵͷתᡣ
ıӰ㣬ɫŹ֣ЩΣҲЩΡ

Сˡ
ȾԺ̸źſڴϵݺ͸һʺ۾ȴҲҿ
Ǵ󷽣Ӧ󣬵ƣ˵ıȽϵùҽã鷳ܴҲһʩһ룬ȡͳˡȻ㼸նԲ÷
Ǵ˿ڣⶼҪţȻȾ˿˲á
ǰҹǰѾڲԭ˳ֻҪʳܱš
˼Ϊ
ҩҩ˴
ֻһĹ³Ӷɹɫݵˣ⣬ܺø߰˰ˣվܺ䡣Ҳϻۣ֪һʱȥѰȡôˣ
˵ꡰ֣ӺһϵĹɫһת۾˸ɾʵ
ݻ½ȴǰˣûʲôССȥ󵱼ҵķ￴ɣǰҹҲˡ
ЦȻȥˡˣˣҪȥǼزŴתתϢĪųͺá
ݶ˶٣ӦҲδ⣬תŶȥ
ݵ˼Ҳܲµһ㡣
ԭǽ꣬ظаˣˣɽկĴǣ
ǣ֮ˣκ书һѧᡣ
һ֣־֮ͨǸ˧ơ
Щת֮ңȻŮܳ
Ҫģֽӹȵȼּʹľнȳ
վǰҲ̴ڡ
ǶɽɽҲҪӰ죬֪ܡ
֮£벻Ķѡ
׻ᵽʱһˮе컡
ᡭ
̫ɫ˷աһŮģ˭괿࡭
ðǴȤԳĿҡͷһ̾󣬺ؾòԣ͵תͷȥͼԶŹֵĿ
ֻһֱҪˡ
ͷ˸治ַ˾䣺Ŷ
Ȼ󲻵ӦͷҲصĿ첽ȥ
ȴûǸЦŮ˿еЦǺεŨһ統ʱ

ֳǣ̫ظ
࿤Լҵն޻ڴ˿ɫѿ֮ʱߣҧʵүүȻѾ£
ΪԼҶܼԿ£ĵüΣʮ뿪ߣ˴Ҳ¹ش󣬷Ż޻һ⡣
Ρ޻ڹӣū˺Щˣǲɽͷˣдġԭկ֮ŮĵϲСߡǰĶиﻢ¡ǲçѾͷɣʮɽկ£Ϊ
޻һЦŭôˣǷﲻǲ书𣿶үүѰáơһ£º󻯳һ࣬Ȼͻˣ
Կ³Ĭ޻үү¾ɫϣǽϵˣԵףȢŮɽΪԼҴĺôҾдģ
Կԣյ蹦󣬻׵࣬Ѱա
ѵаĶӣһش˵ȼʶηȫһأһСëա



ʮ 
ҹҩ®
ڷկկϵĴ˷ҩѨʹԭֽ˿ȶһ˫ǵ۲ûɳ
СֶΡǴӺδѧģ
¹ϵֵһҽٲݾУҲ޼ع֮
˵壬߷ϣֱֲ죡
΢Ц£үүԭȺöЩ飬һ±мҽûȰѯʣֵϧΪ˻ҵΪǿЩ˼Ļѧģһѻˣֻѧ˵Ƥëֶΰա
ԣѽϧļֱʹ
æοүүˡҺ룬ַʵЩɰ͵ġЩֶΣҪֱʸȡɱ˵ģıһ֮Ҳˣ顣
кͶλʯţžֶΣɺıɫ
ħֶΰ
ٵĺãٵĺã
µСֶΣҲҪáȷħֶΣħǽ˵ö֮аħֶ̡֪Σ㻮ħ̣ǲ콵ѡʥرػɱ
ּȻʥصɱҩȵүүģҶϲǵֶεġֻǷ֮Ҳ죬֮УӦᱻΪаֻ̡ҪȡĳηΣˣ¡ߣҲǵֶΡ
ԣ̾ϢһΡСһҪأһҪذ
˵ͷνʥغħ̻ûʲôҲ裬Ҳû̫ϡ

峿
ԹŰգͬϴ룬ͷһױ磬ֱֵ
ԭ˿̻ɳͷϰ豽ϱһ䣬쵽ǰ棬֡
ԭò롰硱߰˷ơ
Ǵ˿崿޹Ī˵СЦǰϣ̶סЦģģ
ĪҪɽϷһ˫۾ʱæΣգβܴ㣬ôȥһ춫ɽϿϷ
伫ģ̵̽Ĺɶ£֪ɽկд£Դš
С죬ͷ֪ˡײģת飬ҪСһȥգСһҺģһػɽϴҰҡ
˵ţһס˿ڣ¶һű־ԵֺôЦĵĿźĴ̡
Ȼ̡ݺݡ˵üģҧѵٸ´ΣƨֱӴ򿪻ȣ
˲ˣҲˣ
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ǰ£ڳīԺͲԺ뿪̫ԶҲûٶ
Ȱƽߺ󣬾ְͰ͵Ŀ
룬һȮģƺҲЩ˱Ӧ
ԼɳȥĴˣСһҾķһ㣬æȥȥˡ
һյ蹦ڴ̺;ﻹҪĿ£źôһȮ뿪īԺ
Ϊɽկд£ҪƵϣԺȥǴСһңɽկǰʯţˣʼһѲɽ֮·

ɽ£ֹŵߣ䳱¹Ŷʮһ첻ﴦ֪ʱһªС®
ν®ҲǼľͷϴҶ˶ѡ
ΨһԵЩ֮ŵľͷϣһԻ
ҩҽ
Եˣ
һҩ®
ҩ®ڣһʮ꣬ݰף΢Цһªľԣһ飬Ŀš
ľľɫʣҲġ
һǰڷһ¨¨һҩ䣬ҩԻһɰֻյ
ҲֻһˣźôһȮ
һһһ飬ֹŵߣͬһ㾲ģǵȴ˭ĵ
ŵʱ·Ҳпߣפͣģȴһˡ
̫ƽ
ĳԸǡ

ʱ֣һ֧Ӷֳǳֹŵǰһ췽
ʱʱ̣һֻ·
ʱδƣ
ټˣ½չ˶еһ˵塢үүѰһ°ա˫̸УҵҲ÷糾ͣʧǡ
ж࿤ԼҺѪǰһկ̸֮ˣϿ˺ԼϹܼԿ֪޻ڵ⣬կλŮկǰúñһԵҲûܾ
ܣϿ˲޻ܷλž޵ɽŮԼţԼҼཻأҲԸ̫ѿ
е񣬾ǻס޻ڵȫ˳㽫ѪŵչˣΪѪŻȡһ·
û֣Ϊλ࿤ԼҵίУ·ڵĹ
չ鵽ףǷԼҵ顣
ν飬Լ֧Ѫŵ淢չ
ûԼҸ֧֣ƾһ֣֧Ųһһġ
ϲܡ
ľ󲿷Դƿš
ʥأǿң
ԣʹϿΪ뻢ڰ˵ľֻ֣ҪںѪţͲ
ܿΪ
ԼҶܹԿ²ϵϣһֱţɫҲãʼնˣδﱼϮĸͷ˿ɫ˶٣Ρǰһɡ
޻ΪԼҵնӣߵλعܼңҲʮ𾴣޲ɡ
һ˼ǰһҺ󣬲Լͬסͣ
ĿǼ´õĲ®ϣ˿ľϵ仰ֿ˿Ŷ꣬˷׷ۡ
ǵҲûΪǳǶ
ǶҲ¡
ǧȴ콣ɽǰ콣Ǹη塣
ο괽ݰףֵƤϸ壬Ҳһĺۼ
ԣԸһ˳ªҽЪϢһ
ҩҽԵˣôĿ
Ҳ֪ΪΣͬ⣬еĸŹ޻ڣŲ®Ĳ񻰵ֹסð
ÿÿѧλŮǸʱǾ䡰ҵһءƽ书ʶɱɱĶˣԳŵʡ޻ھͶϵĸͳ˶⡣
ѧѧʶ֣ѧѧ֮ĿģֻΪ˸õѧ书⾳
Ϊ˳һʲӶѧʡ
޻һȽ˲®
ҲδھͳԲѷɫ΢΢Ȼ棬ǿƵΪҩ®Ǻǣã΢вʣСпɷΪһ
͵Ŀ۸ˣĿ޻ڵϣȻ׺󣬷ҩ佫ȡʾ
롣



ʮ ҽ
һʮѪµ⣬࿤ԼˡΪ׵࿤Լҵն޻ڣ˳ѧһ书ѽһ֡
һڴɽկ鱨̽ܳɶﲢֶ˵
ѪźԼ̸Уȴĵҵѩɽկ⣬λҽѳ
Һɽ൶ڰʱ׼ͻɱ
ܳɻգѵСȥЩӵܲȱ书ҲȱѪ䡣ֻҪϳԿ¹ͻƵһֲ¡ֻǴ˻ڸʱãͻƣһʵ
˵ˣĿ⸴ӵĿɫȻһۣ̾Ϣһǿͻƣػ°ˣѨλպͻʦʱľ޷ʦĺͻƣ߻ħܣ󵱼ҵˡ
ﲻʣǰͰĽʥᣬʦȴϣ
Ȼڡ
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ɫȻĮȻһķȴ΢
ԣ˵ȷû
ڸδʱǿͻƳΪһ֣µİͲ١
صĻں棬ǿͻƣԽڣѨλĻҲԽأ񣬼ϾһĿܡ
ǲ֪ЩЩһһûи˼պĻʱ䡣
ԭҲΪպ³ܲңѾ̫á
Լû뵽Ϊָ֣
ϾŮȻʩܾλ⣬Ҳ·㣬һ˸ʩ롣
ҲûмŮ˻ˡ
ͬעķ
һҵ£һҵ¸ˡ
Ǵ˵еԶ
ˣһĨЦ⣬÷ּΪԼۡ
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ţ
һܳɶѽСΣաУȥԭôӦ֡
ȵȣ
һסܳɣģǲڲɽºҶֵġǶֻ֣ҪС˵ݣϿҲһֹǸˡߣС֣Ҫ룬¡ڵѽˡ
˵ţһվҪİ⡣
üͷ΢˼󣬻³
̽

Ƿ񳣾вͲʣʱʹ丹ʹԼӦҩƺ֢״ᣬ֪ιʣʹҩжϡʶвʹ𽥼Ӿ磬ԭҩúʹδܼᡣваʹЩϲఴͷʹ۾͡ڿͷΧڡ
Ƭ̺Ŀע֮£˵ϡ
˲֪α뿴޻ڣȴ˫Ŀ㣬Ŀ⺧ȻĿ
£˭֪ǰ꾹˵׼ˣ
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˵ţٿʱѾѻЦݣȻǿȴҲƳʱͱˡ
޻ЦλСֵᣬ˳뻯֮ҽ֪Сֵʦλҽ֣Σ
޹ء
޻ԣɫһڣ뷢ȴһԿ°ס
Կһѣȴ޻ڸ˹ԭ͵ΡСҽ棬ˡСҽҼҹӵ˺֢Σ
࿤ԿԲһСԼ±жҽԽǡ
ƫƧ֣ȥѰŵùУ
ϳ֮ˣϣܱԼҵնӵƽ
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Ŵˣ־̼־ˡʶ༸޻ڶٶ侲
Ϊǰʵھˣֺ
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˵ʲôΨΪԼ´󹦵Ķӣĺöӡ
ʹüһƬʱȹ͹Ķ֮޻ڶȥж١
ᷳƫƫֲɲ
ܽһλҽдؼҳΪĹ;˲ˣ
Ҫ֪ٻٻʮ꣬⼸ʮ䣬ΪԼҳٹ
Щܷһ룡
ˣ˭˵Ǹͻ῿иʵпõӻ
Խ룬޻ĿԽȡ
δϹܼԿΪ俪ҩ
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һһѪϿ˶̲ס꣬㷽Ų˵˾ɷûô
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Σ
˵أϿɫʵ
޻׵ɫ˼ɽ磬ԣ伱꣬ͻƣмɶ֡
Ͽ˴˿̵ɢ糤ͬѵ㣬޻ڵô
޻ڳ˳ǣͷϿֵͬա
޻ƸȴΥ棬Ҳ֪Ͽ˵պկλŮһˡ
ΣҲ֪
ȻϿ˴𵶵ȥϣ˾䣺ͷСҽҲвʡ
ûжԣյ蹦
Ѫ˵ıҪࡣ
νĻڰˣǳǿߡ
ǬϿе书ӦͬĹ
ֶǰԵԣϿ˵Ѫɷ˲ٿͷǬͬҲϿ˲ǳơ
ھͻѰи޷͡
Ͽ˵ȻƾԼֶΣǬĥҪͷ
һҽԲŹ
֣ϿˣɫȻж־߱ѹڣԵǳĥ𡣵ȻֻҪ»ʱ䣬ĥɾ¡˼䲻ٳ֣ٶܳҪγ
ϿԣĿȵĿСֵܣҴ˲ΪҽüҲԵĹأ֪СֵܿзΪҽһ֮ǣ
ɫʼյȻδǣͷСʻƽۣǷ



ʮ ʿ
ƽ
®Ѫ˺Լ˼Ϊˡ
Ҫ֪࿤УЩΪҽҽҲᳬʮ
ɽˮȻðëͷС²ˣ֪ƽζʲôԲʨӴ󿪿ڡ
®ڣѪϿЩĿɫɵȻƿڷǻƽͭǮĵ꣬ʵҹСֵҲ̰֮ԵҪ˶ƽ𣿵ģֻǼʹڹͣλ̫ҽҲۺϻƽ𲻹ʮ
ص¾ȥѰҽαãҲǿ֮ڴ˴ҽθ飬ƽֻٲࡣ
ϿԣͷʵСֵܣ֪ҪƽкãɽҰ䣬СֵнҲ޴ȥɣ
ԣɫվٵȻȻЩεҡͷҪЩʲӰãкޣǱ׬ƽ𣬷ڼˣ˭
кޣ
ɣĿ֮࣬ҲѪϿ˷Ц
ֻЦò®Ѫ˺ԼɫɷҲɫŭ죬֮ȴ԰ף֧š
ˣϿסЦĿⱥĿһۺ󣬾ɫЩǸı˱ȭСֵ̫֮Ȥʧ̬ˡ˵գֳ®⿴ۣһݵӽҲԣʹӻȡһӡƵƱʮŷľϣ漴ˡ
ȴȥϿһ˫صСֵܹز¶ͣѾף֮ʵ̽棬Ϊֵĸ
ּҽ˲ѵã
˵ţľϵƱϿֵڣΪ˷񣿡
ӹƱ⿴ۣҪȽƱͻȥ͡
˶ţſµıСһ𣬼Ͽ˲δ˵ʲôͽƱСһҲҵϡ
ǱѰСװʳġ
źú޹СһҵȥѰӰգǵĪ徲
СһȻûô࣬϶ˡӡ֣վ˶Ƥë󣬺һϵĴӲ®ԾȻ󼸸ʧɽš
Ѫ˼֮󼱣ɾиṦȥ׷һʱҲˣ׷սǴͿȴ֪ѲӰ󹷣С
׷ʧܺѪһĿⲻƵĶŲ®ڻڡװģǾȲѪŶˣ³·ߵҰö١
ڣûѰڣҩȡУ򿪺ȡһŴ룬һϵѨڡ
ƽƽ뷨ò®ĳԹϹǾһ㲻񫣬öԲǰƽ
ҲڴţҽЧĲ״

һ㹦ŽϪѨµ룬ɫѲ԰ף˫΢
վһԵ޻ڼ֮ЩԿ£үүһҰи룿Ͳ¶Щֽţ
Կһ̾ӳȴиóиƫĸףЩ书⣬û̫೤ˡӻǼλ벻дʡ
ΪԹҽ䲻ּңϿΪһ֣ܸ˾Ȳˣһָơ
漰Ī˵һЩ书׵İСӣϣҲϿ˲¶ʲôֽš
ף
ϹܼһδüԶӽͣؾΪ뻺ϿϵĺϹѨʱϿʳָһƬ졣
Ͽ˱ˣȴظ㺣˿Ŀ⣬ڵͣ
ǡˣ
СֵܣֶΣ
Ͽ֮ǰҪĳɹܽڵѹڣҪŰ
ڣֻҪһɵĹܽѨС
һһָųɣϿϡ
ѨѹֻҪʱҲѽ
ˣϿٿĿ⣬־ڱصã
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ٵõһҽУѪŵķչ˵绢
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СֵܣԸȥ࿤ǣұٻ󲻾
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ԣֱ֪Ӿܾ¼Էŭϵıһ䣬ݳ
ˣһԵ޻ȴǼˡ
һڰ˸ֶ˴ҽߣļҸŻ٣
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ԣԼ޷ȥϿ
ڣ˴ͬеģд׵ĻԼϹܼڡ
޻ĿʾԿ£Կ±䲢δֵȤɼ޻ʿ֮ģҲο
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ԿºǺһЦˡѸߣʱҪˣҲѰҽ߳š
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һϿɫʱ䣬дԼҵϹ۾ǳˮˣ⡣
Цʱڰ̽ĳɫ뻹ԼϹ
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ˣϿɷһĿɭȻĿ
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Ͽ˸֪ԿµĶﻹǣæñֻܿɫƿݵ֣ǿЦһܹ룡
Կ΢΢ףȻϣСҽҲա
Ƿһ񣬶Ǹ󡭡



ʮ ¶
ֹŵϣʱ˻̶·
ڹŵͻأֵҩ®˽϶࣬פһҲޡ
ĶΪǵĶ˻ߵ˼֢
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쵽ʱɽ紵һ˿
®ɫȴء
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Ͽɺ֮ԣԼܹܺ޽֮⡣
˵Ĵڼֵһƽ̵ֵǮʮ
ܴеõǰ벿ٲݾõҩȵĴУ࿤ԼҵõʵķԾ
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Ҳûг˺ƤԵɣĿ⣬ʱҲֵ̫
ֳ̫ؾԼˣԼеǹկЩçúƣ
ı֮·Ҹŵĵ̶һƨɽկġ
ƣƨƲ࣡
ԣܹܲδ֮档
ֻ򵥵˾䣺ԹŲçߣɽŮޣٶһޣҲϡ档Ȼȥʹƽϡ
˵գǰС
ֻǸһޣɫ䣬ȵģ
˲⣬ԼѵأԿ֮ԣ̷ϡ
ȻѪ˲ҽһˤ䡣
ѪϿ˲ʱŭŭХһկõ
شģһ֧һ֧಻
ȻѰǰ㣬ХʮֹϢ

ǲʮŵɽѧס
ԼһʱõԤϣûжˡ
һؼֱӹᴩս
ٱ۵սȻأϵԼˤĹǶۣޱȡ
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ԼܹܼƲֻܱ׷Ŵǰǰһսǣ
ԭʮת˼ȺȻŭ
կҹЩ©֮㡣
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կЩ©֮㣿
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ִ֪磬ȻбŭҲûֱӺϿ˶Ǵүү壬ڲܶ뿪ɡ
֮⣬ѱţӰ
Ͽͬ׳յ޻һۺٲ
Լܹаһ̾ӣ˵ؾֳа֮ңڴ˺ݺݴ׷Էм֣ǱȻΣӡ˹սǣһ
޻ڷӦƤ̣ǵǶүү㲻ܶ
ܹܳ˳ǣĿתδڻˣҲ˵ˣֻǼɻ䣬Ƕһ
޻æүүǵЩáҪ㻹ȻֳǰɣҴϺ󡣶үүҵϰ㻹֪仹磬ҲѧĵӡһֱѹţͻƵһˡ
Կԣϵͻ
Ҳᵽ˼Ρ
ǲߣڷܣ֪Ͻֻ˼ЩûʲôǸ
ƫһ߹ĺ
ЩʲôλӶ׳Ƿͳ˸ӵмѵһƷʡ
ĺӣȻѳɴҲó᲻÷
Ӱģಢ޴¡Сɽ֮Բɾţ׷䲻Ϊ壬֣ʱڻðѡмһ֡
ܹϸΪԶӽ˵ȻϿһ߰γѪһ߳ˣ
һ󼱴ٵġաܹܽ޻˲Ͽ˶һۺ󣬺һţȰƮ˳ȥ
ƾһ˫ݵƣӭ˳һǹĺڷկկա
һ죬Լܹһ˫צƷյľִǹϣǹƫȻ˳ǰһӡɫš
ҪȻնԼܹܾ;ͷ­ʮǰľʹЩԹȥ
һ٣Ϣ
ѼִеҲ˵ã䲻֪ʲôȴûзŹسֵԼܹܻδָдǹȻһȻۼȫݺǰһ裡
ۣ
֮ǰƲɵܹͬһƲһյĴǹϣϿ˵Ŀѡ
һѪɱУϿ˳ˣץҪǰƴ޻ڶһƥҲһƥ󣬶·񱼶ȥ
ѰϿһ˾Щɱڡ
Ǹ꣬Ͽ˺񣡣
ԼϹһɱ˵ģ
ǰֽţ
ϿзģһλȥˣȻһկǧС
Ȼòԣû޻ڵתͷһιȥ
Ȼ˻ȥ

ϿХ±Ѫȣŭһ
ٸһֳǵ֮ˣ۸棬֮أ
˵գһޣ·ȥ



ʮ 
կá
˿ڴֲЩüͷɫȻļλ˵ԼܹܵѨ˰֣˵ģ۶
ԭɽΪԿûл̽ǵ㣬ҵҽֶΡֻǷ˺¡ҲͲˡ
ֻ˵δ˵ĵǣĵҵѩšüʥعоȻҩȵˡŶҪǴ˳ȥǡ
Ī˵һկǧɽеĲݿܼһ𣬶˼һСָͷġ
ɫطǳȿ۾ɫĮȻǵСЩĲ²⣬Լܹܹƾ㼸ܶ϶·ôôҽȥˣҲֹһҩȣɱԼԼ
ҡͷ壬Բȫȷ֮ǰ˵ԻͷʹʱԼλϹܼҵ񡭡ʵںˡԣ򵥵Ϊܻļʧ̬ҵҲϲܻʹ񣬶ɾӵ֣Բ⡣
Ϊ֪ͷֻҩȵľžҽ̰ѧ֮ٲݾҲίʵ벻̰ͼʲô
ԣףȴҡҡͷ˺֣ܳôȷ֮ǰὫ±¶ȥߣ˵࿤ԼǱҲŹǡ
ĿĿŷ֣΢Ц壬˼ҴһʼûŹǰɣѵǻͬɳկҪһٲƣǺ²Ϊ̸ͨռɳկһġ
ֻҪǲɳկǾ;ưոݡɿڣɶԷԱǿڲɽ½ţǹᰲֵֻһɳկ
һҪİռһ죬ԣҪĴͽҡ
СѵֿͨЦСЩҶ֪󵱼ҵҲ֪ԴһʼǾû̸ܺϣǾ̸ɣҲɱ˶Էһͻ᲻ݡ
ټʥͬҩȴССĻʦɽġ
ɽ첻µزµçҲ¶֮ɫһ䡰ˮڡΪһ֮䶼֮𣬶ʦһָ¡
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ĳ˵ʮܹ֮ڲɽδֱӽҲΪǰ콣Ĵڡ
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ʥصҩȣΪֻǲѪ֮ɢҩȵҽ
֮Ժûж԰үү׷ϾɱΪϰ벿ٲݾ漰Ѫ֮ء
ΪʥвԶû
࿤ԼҺѪš
»Ҫȵǻǵս˵̸Ǿͼ̸ȷʵ޷̸Ҳûӡ
˵ǿܻʦΪֻҪλԶûԸһ֤Լҵ̶ƽͨһ죬Ͳ
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ϣһƬĵġ
ɫĮ˿̶ĿתĿ
ӵķָۣС˵콣ɽǰ콣˼ƾʲôǣ
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΢Ц£ڡٲݾϡ˵ʥҩȴУǰ콣һΣ
۾һɽȴԽץͷղ˵Ҫѡٲݾɢôȥ¸
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ѩǣС⡶ٲݾҩȵĴоѧεɢ£
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Σһ֮ڣٲݾ֮Ҫ
ѩˡ־ͺҧгݵѵС㲻ֹǶˣ㻹ǸյСɽ

֡ɽһֱĬܳɼɫһͣЦ
ЦգѰ嵱ҵʵȨδȥܳ̾Ϣ˹治ֵͬѹأͱС½ˡ
ҡͷ壬ֻǶƤԶûеĵزԵĲ˵ԼҾδػֱʦԸǡҲὫССһկģָǿһ֡Ҫˣɵġǰ㣬ֳǷϢҪ
ܳɳСģһȥԼ˺ѪšﾭӪ꣬˴Ӳǵ۾
˵ͷ۾תתɿʣµ£ͽˣԼһ֣ܵסôסǰ˵һ취
ĿĳװƷǸ߶ˡģһĨЦ⣬Ȼٿ
ûõӦЩΣѰǷֵˡ
ʵǣװĺΡ
ã˸оʱһֱӦԡ
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Ϻһһ˫˫ӵĿ⿴
Լܹǰ֣䵽³ʵԩ
Ȼͼﲻվȥ
˵գ󲽿¸̨˳˾ãɽȥ
룬ҲǸȥܲò򡭡

滨Էᡣ
̿ߵݣȰЦɵӣһҿųģʱҲϲ㣬ֻڣҺ
ݴ˿ﻹСģ֮ѾǿˣߵĿ᲻ẉ̂ҡûʲôģֻǣǰҡССҡ
ǰյССڱֱ۸Сʱӻ𱬵ݺ޲˺ݺΡ
ʱСһڣֻұʵա
ڡ
ӻͷ𲻻֡䡱ݴӸйϲ˾޴ĳ
ֻǣҲ֪ƺ˼
ˣǴСһ𳤴ֵܡ
ſǣɫҲûô仯
뵽⣬ݲʮ־ɥ
ҲǣССͳЦǸ˵
㣬ȴЦ˻ɵӣλСʲôϧ񣿱˵㣬ǶҲǰġҲֻСͰСŶųЩûµģӳ˾ͺˣȻͳһˡ֮ǰСŶĺܣֲǲ֪㡣ѰŮ˵ѣŮ˵ȴףֻҪ̵ģ׼û
룬ˣϵĵǾɥֽתΪɬ͸ˡ
ǰ˵üСǵǳ󵱼ҵģ󵱼ҵˣҲûӡ
Ű
˿̾š
ĵģ
̺ǺЦɵӣֻҪޣվסġҲȱ˵ʲô㲻ǡ˽㻹ǶȥѰѰܲСŶԶɣСŶǰෳھж
Ůڵʱ̴ź࣬һֱеŶΪȻĵ˵ͷԺһȥѰС



ʮ Ȱ˵
կɽŴ
һ൶ĴɽǰĿյϣׯڷկաɽկֵһɨյĳƱۣ˷ĿִεĿΧоǿͷԼҶӡ
һߵϣһؿһ󶴣ûϢԼܹܡ
˵ǿԶԴŭ
ɱ㣡
ڷկһ߷飬ҳܣ
ԭֻ㵱ͣڱֻܴӺǰĿѵԶӣ̾ϢһǶǶģӦӣ֪ҵˣûΪΣ˼ҩǣ
޻Ŀѵ㣬үүǱ㺦ģһ᳥ԼұؽʬΣȫȮ
סҪֵգεүүôҲ֪ܹ鲻ɱ԰ɣҲǲˣĪҪĪҪ֣Ǿǲҽܹң
մλСֵ˵ûͷȷˣȴһǹ
΢΢׺ֶ޻ڵֵҲܼүүͷʩ롣ҲѧĿܣ֪֮ͷ˵㽫үү̵֮ϣǲǲ
޻ŭƨȱݣΣ
ǰһ½ǰϥףֳһҰݣתţԹ޻ʵǽҩ®εô޻ְͣڰֵգ֮û˼Ľ˵ףԼҡѪֳǵ޳ɣһıկͲɽλͬկһǰվ;ԲˡԲԣܲ˵ֻ׼ɱǣ׼ǳַɣ
⼸λկΪҪ׷ɱǣΪǳǵկӣץǵôȻ˽ѣҲ޹ΪڲԭϷԼҵ̶ӡ
ԣչ鵽ףΪ⣬Ϊ档׿Щ࿤ǧزʶ޳Թǲǣ
˫ˣЩҲΪ޶ֻΪ棬Ϊ⡣
زٴɱɱȥ˫ǵܻ棬ܾˣ̸̸
ǰЩկ˵ӻǽͻȥһ̵棬Ծɿ̸
޻ڴϢŭ޵ֱ٩٩̸ҧ̸Σ
ҲգڵϣвתһҰݣǺЦ֪ң룬ʲôݣ
࿤Լҵĵնӣѧŵӣ˵ﻹǳң˵Ľ֦Ҷ
أʲôݣ
˵ţ޻еҰݣڲçеҰݣȻΪǸˡ
ҲδϹǸɽ
ӣҪɽͬھţ
룬֮´࿤Ǽô㣿
ҪٴѧԼҶӵһӢɾ͡
Զ˫ĿѪ죬͸©־壬һתּ㿴ʵǱλկ²ģֻΪ˲鳹ױΪˡΪֻүүӹǣΪ˴֣
踺أᣬƣ
ںЭ׵󣬳ɹȡԺ࿤Լ̶ӿԳͨͨһԼ
ǻΪϲ£Σ
ԺǷҪǵԺԶ书ǿִԼ֮˵񲻸ã
ԶӴڴŴ֪Ķˡ
ӵܣӦϧ
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вŴޣҲҪȵܾԺŻᱨ
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Զ⶯ǺЦһ˫˫Ŀ⡣
⣬ֻԷעǻԶЪϢЪϢɣ˺дȥֳǸ˵ԭᣬл˵ǡ
˵գֻͷԶӣȴٶԣһգһ˺ɽ
űӰݣβȴŴݵӰԶȥկĵҵĵѩƺŮݵĸܡ
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ǣѩ벻ͨǰǸСһתۣͳģ
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ҷְ˴Զȥкʮλ;կȥϢկҲɢȥ

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Ի̾ϢһΪҲеֻǵǰ֮£ҪӾȳҪȥȻ࿤֪£ʵ²ҵȣҲزĹǡ
ϿףԼҼȻǸ˼ɵģʵǱλеķˣʵƶ



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ԺʱҴʳͽᡣ
ҴæЦкˣ͹һɣȥ
΢ЦҴﲻæīԺ㴺̺СŶ귽
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Ϊһյ蹦ûãͳԹ׺Ͳˡ
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ǰǸ˸
񣬺źš
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ȴʩɡ
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ǻװԻһȭұ⣬ƫôԩҡ
ߵ齱ߣ⿪٣ȥѣƽ¡
ٴ̹ȡǰһʩ룬һ࿤կǧ֮ңȻǴֻɶ֣ҲѮյ·̡ǣѪϿҲҪӵˡʱʹ˰ݣ´࿤Ԯ
ﵭڣҵĶ֡
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˫ѩɽĿʵ㲻˵̸ôߣǾͲλԶ
ҡͷǸԶһšɽկɽկĸ²ʯ١ԣǣǣ򲻵ѣһ̸֮ǰһԼսһΣΨнǴˣǲŻ̸ǵ⣬Ҳһ̨סȻǲܶڣǶ࿤潻ԣ̨䣬ϣսһʤһƽһܵ˵ϳƽ֡ˣ˫н̸еĻ
üͷҲԤжʤ˵ƽƽ
Цʤ˵ˣƽֻ˵ǿЩģȴģѶԷܣȻ赹̨ϣƽඣ
ļԣ˵̲ס˳ǡ
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Щ棺֮ǰ˵Ҫáٲݾ콣ǰ콣һô
ԣǺһЦ˲Ҫô档콣ȻԵվҲһɽɽ磬Ļǰᣬ˫ԵȡֻɺڳԺڡ콣ɽ֪ҩȵĴУһǵģǡ
ҲǱѩ֮ˣȻȴЩͿ΢΢üͷǰ˵Ļǡ
ϵ΢ЦȥһΪ˰ġ
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ֿһزЦԣҪҾЩɱɡ壬ҵȷŲҲڻͨС˵Щ˴ԼҶСڻʱ򡭡
￴ȻЩȻ
ҲЩףһֱԣ书ֻС׺⡣
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ԣĿ⾲ĿãʵΪǰô
ԣ̫Сˡ
üһʲôȻЦŶ˵ǰ°ϴβѾϹҾ겻ôǵã߯СЩ
ѵöĨЩĲЦΪҾã֮ʲôģҲδôּҵļҵһʲô
˵Сʱױ㣬ҶĸȥҲȫԩðɡ
֮Ǹ͵ģʵϲϲҲԾЩأøĻƣźź㣬Уô򵥡
Щƫңһ仰˵ĺܶԣϣСŶֻҡͬĵףҲֻҺСŶһЩ˲ûˣҾ̫Щ
Ҳõı磬ٷϡ
ԣĿ¶ɫɫɵĮȴ͡
֣ʯһӲĵףѺۡ
֮գȻԶ
Цۺ󣬿ʼ롣

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ʵһȥߣĿ¶֮ɫ͵࿤ԼһѪΪУɽկֲһֱȥպԵʱδսȾ塣Ҫʱܳ棬һģЧͺܲͬˡʵҲҪʲôֻǳȥתһȦɽǿǵɣеˡ
ԣһ̾ʵҸʺϴ󵱼ҵλá
Цɲɲɣһףǳӵʱ򣬲̫ˡȹɣСŶôʱ򣬿Ҿͳˡ
ĿС꣬ʮ塣
ĳѵ̰ꣿ
룬ʵҲûš
ļıͼʶѾɽկܴæˡ
ˣﲻٶԣ򵥵˷˲Ժ

һ·ϣȻɽɫء
һɽկжʮдɫʵСڡѹ·󲿷ɽ¶Ц
ܶ˶û˵ֻһ·
˼粢ߣ֪ԨԴɽ˵̫ˡ
֮£֪ʱᱬҺͻевʵ̫΢Щ
ڸĿע£һ·ߵ˲ߡ
һ¸¹⣬ɼϢĽˮԶ
תͷֶ̧µ΢Цû˵۾ܺÿ
üͷ΢壬عͷĿдЩɻ󡭡
ǺһЦ۾Ŀ庮£ɽǳԣǺܺÿǣ۾ûҵ۾ÿ
ԣɫùŹ
ȻᣬǰʮȴѾȥЦŮ۾ûҵĺÿΪҵ۾㡣
ߵϼδŮϣȾ˲֬ɫ



ʮ ·
峿ڲԺΪһĺ󣬶һȥ˾á
ԣλֻһۺ󣬱㴹
˵Ǿ仰󣬶˱ǰˮ߾á
Ȼɽկϸ˵˱顣
ʵҲܼ򵥣ӳԷǳ
ǰǽû˵ڷܳԳõġ
Ҫһ
ԣɽկһֻ
կλѾԽˣһ첻˵䳱¹ŶɿҲֻ·̡
䳱¹Ŷɾڱĵһء
Ϊ̫Զֲ֮أɽƶ񤣬СС䳱¹Ŷ˿ܡ
ҲΪ˺ôһεƤģԴ˴ɿ䲻󣬵֮ȴ١
ÿնٶ
һЩС̼С̶ӣҲʿӡԼɮ֮
Ƕᾭֹŵ
կֹܹŵߣһҿջ֮š
һ裬һȷԸá
ܽͷ·ĿסޣЧЩ
ֻҪܱ֤̫ƽ
СӲǲɡǣ֧ɽկ˵Ľô˵ҪȥѪס
˵գɫ
Ц壬ȱ𼱣ĿǰֻСͷдͷ
ֺǺһЦͷҽôҩ®ȥҲƲĲ˵ɽϵկв֪ٲˡ
ҡҡͷβˣ˵Ҳ֮ıѪһٻƽҲǵֻ俴ҵҽգһ¡󵱼ҵ˼ǣһ췽·
ɫȻһ䣬СɲҪ뿴˽ͨԭĴЩ˸ðĴ˽ԭһ죬Ǿưոݡʱпܳʦš
Ц𼱣˵ꡣǶˣ⣿ǲգֻЩСı
ѩЦһ׼ʲ·ѣ
ʵô
ѩЦ˼ƾʲô㽻·ѣ
ҡͷЦҲƾ׽ɽկ˻ҪЩƵġ
ʲô
ɽʮ档
ɿϵۣƺЩĿһ۾תĿ⣬ٺһЦ··ѣȻ·ķáǲκǮһĵ·ͻȻ·ɽʯ
ѩκһô·ɽʯɽڹĺܡɫŹ֣طӦָС㡭㣡ʵ˵֣ҧгݵǶ˵ķӣ
ɽһҲ׹̲סЦ
ɿɫѩ̣ɲҪСⷨӡƾԷܰɽկ˴򰾽ǣúҪǣ˺ûȫ
ѩжŤ
òĳɫһ뵽ǰС̽ҪŮĹȵͺ޵
ȥҽҪûģһж˵ֻʲôû
Ȼڡһᡣ
ҧƨЩ˸ҽԴڿ˽ͨԭܴǿ۳ӣϸ˼ҲǮܴһ磬ж٣
ǳҲգǺЦҪǲˣҲûνֻҪϸһʱȥʯͷִСǣʦʮϰٿʯҲ˲ءܴ硭ѩ̣ɽկһҲͳΡȻÿζܴزٺöۼ۸ˣĽȴ࣬˿ȥ˲١·ѵȻȲһγ·ѿպöذֻҪһ̶Ӿգկ˵һĸӡһȳֻ಻١ټϿջ棬һկ´࣡
ѩſڣ˵ʲôѰûܹЩ¡
ԵĲ˵ѣﻹܷʲô
˵ȴ˿ڡ
ֻӵɫأЩôǺˡ
ɽկȴǵһ֮ˣֻС²ǶϷ¹ɽկ֮㲻⡣ߣЩ˽ԭ˲ɵӣҪÿζоʯ·
ͷǲܶϷԿһʱաʱգ󵱼ҵĺͼλ̶Ҫ֣ܶɴĻҲšǻ᲻ÿζͷϰˣҲˡ
ʵЩҲֻǱƣկδ֮·й滮ֻ»ضԡ
ֳԾŲɣ
Ծ壬˵ǶˣβҲͰˣܸɴֻ
֣
ɽ
ѩ
ܳɣ
µУһĨЦ⡣
գλҲϰĳ˵Ļʡ
ѩﵣǵǣʯ·ҪǮø㣬ɿջôû
ֿСǶˣȽ϶࣬
ɽץԴ磬㲻ҲǶô
ԣҡЦͷԼ޻˵ֻܿ
Цŵͷͷд¸壬һסʵ򵥵ĺܡЩҲ˵ҵ˿ջ֡
ʲô
ʣﶼ̧˹Ҳ֪
δֱӻش𣬶ǲӭžôŵķĪĺǺһЦ
⴩ͥϣһ㵭Ľ⡣
ʤѩԡ
ǷֿתǶȣһ۵Ĺ󡭡
ɧĪ˵ˣﶼΣ̲סüģЦ
ưڿ³
ͽУſջ

㲻Щġ
䣬زԺ·ϣѵͬ˵
˼ۣϲٰڣϧ󡱣Ϊһ㣬Ц
ֻǣѾǵôȥЦˡ
ȴһЦֵȫΪ㡭㲻ţҲϱӻ̫أ̫ˡһЩûûηŷҵĶãʵ̫࡭
ӿڣһҲɡ
ҡͷѾˣɽկѹϡҲ˵ͷԳ˵⣬֪òãϣܹá뵱һɽկϾǼҵģܲ浱ƹʲô졣
￴ãǴǰɽկ֮£Ϊɼס
ȻʧЦҡͷԼòã
̧ͷĿȻȴûʲôԼ
ϰӣ΢ЦϣǰеĻްڹΪȻʶĺõһ𣬱ݶɢǺӳ޴־ΨԸ·磬㡣
԰գһɽ紵üǵһ˿
Ŀ䣬Ŀ֮⣺
С㡭ò
ǣѩɽ峺Ц⣬ȴ˾ޣ


ʮ ѹ
պ
ֹŵһ첻һ֮أֳһҩ®
ҩ®Ķ棬һľ¥
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ջûˣֻһ񡱵ŮƹСơ
ǺŮ˰С
ڴңԶߣһջˡ
ֻǣ˵½ղ֪˶֪ʲӡſջʲô
ʵջļ˶Щͷԡ
һϺ󣬡̲ס˽ͬһϵĳʼٸߡ
СǴﵽΪʲôӰӶûС
񡱵կĵҵѩԹ
⻯ǵ֮֡
ڿջڳ䵱ƵĺСɽҲץСԴƵ·ϵ˾˼ҿǾǿɽǷܽЪţ
δȬµЩ򵥴ֻεܲǵɽôǰŴ󲻿ǣľǲ䲻ĳһջ˭ס
ȴ巢һĳ裬һ˳฾𣿡ֳõѩδǰȱ˾䣺ѩҲ˵㳤฾
һ˵úСɽҲû
תͷǽѵ˾䣺ʲô²Ҫģǽɽԣѵǽŵչô
ۣ
һԺȲĵѩϡֺһڲˮ
ç֮䣬ʲô绰û
ǹˣȻϡֵ⡣
û뵽ĳԶԾӵ˵Hˡ
СɽҲûǱŭȴϡĿŵѩʵѩôˣﲻô
ѩﱾѵ˵ʻɿ˫ɾ۾ɻĿԼһʱ侹֪Ӻ˵𡭡
ԣĽѩ̣ҪҸɣĪ֮ǰָˣ
ѩЦãҡҡͷĿɻĴɷʵڿʲôֻٷ
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˵գɫ࣬һıȴǺһЦҡ׼뿪
ѩֵС෨Ӷ࣬뷨ӸϽաȻܸɵţǼëɡ
룬֮ǰѩҪЩľӪӣҲд˹ײ͵뷨ôѰľЩײͺͼǮдȥȻд˿ԴߣЩֻǵǼ꣬ɺҩſ֧һ̨ԶԶͿʼˣŨЩĿǰӣ԰ɣ˵
ѩú⣬ÿСĿ⿴һۺ󣬻غ׼ȥˡ
ѩߺ󣬺Сɽ˵ֻۣһ
һֱû۲ϸƣױʲô֡
˿ЩëÿĿƳһۺ׼뿪
СɽֿˣˣСҵ㣬˵կСǶȥһ쵹ʯͷȥˣկˮô죿
կڳīԺһɽȪȴչ̡⣬ˮĵض
ƽˮɽկǣڲĥǺٵˮؼҡ
ЩСǱȥշ·ϣɽկĳˮͳ⡭
ҲңûˮԣԼȥһ֣һɽկԵġ
Сɽ
ɽկҵģȥˮִֻ
ǻҪ룬ֵˣҳɣָܲǡǺú⵱Сɣǰ;Զĺܡ
˿ջԻصҩ®˲볯Ӱ˿ڡ
ֻ˱ǣʹǰһᣬıȴʮֹ
ҽɽկĹףٱǡ
Ϊ书ĳ˵ı̬ǰҲֵһᡣ
ԣֻĬĬ
ֻгһգǵ书ܳĳϰİ࡭

կá
ĵҵѩɽ¿ջ⣬λҲɽկܹﲮڡ
ҷɫܳɵһһζ򲻵ˣ
ܳɫǳأֳǷѾ׽ϣֱѲɽϸ񣬼ÿһӶᱻѼ죬ȷûΡ
üͷ壬ҵֶΣԼҳˡ
ܳɵ磬ε˵뷨ܴճЩס
կˣ䲻٣Ҳ̫ࡣ
ɸ书֣ܿλ
׵ľ̫ˣ˿͹ġ
ȻֱܳĸԶ׷ʵڲɿȥԳ⣬ؼΡԼһ֣©ǻԴͷε;
ʳڹټרֻҪֻ׼ֳڵİƾһ취û
⻹ΣɽֹһҪֳסǶסֳٷųΪկҪа
ֶģȴ֪ĸ⣿
ܳæ磬λֳ̫Ի⣬Լˣӵܣˡ
ɽԺ޵Щˣɱ˲Ѫĺܣס
ˣɽһϲɫҲǶģֶκλмƣ
ûЦΪЦʵ벻ʲôӡ
ɽͷﲮﻹжף֧Ŷã
ﲮ̾Ϣһҷ˵ļǣ׵С£˽ɽԲժҰҰ˶աΰ͡ɽկ˿˲٣ٲɽկֻٳѮա
һ˶ɫ
ֻʮĴ
üͷ壬룬Ҫȥسȥ򣿡
سֳǣعһǳء
䳱¹Ŷж·̣Ⲣص㡣
صعڲɣ̶ҪйٸŵĶ뺡
ˣҲҪڹٸڲᣬҪعеλȻع̡
ûЩش粽С
կعûκθǱߵĲɽɽկȥǱߣΣղȥֳǡ
ҡҡͷء
ͷΰͲˣ˵ã󵱼ҵģҪµġ
ɽץŴԴĲУû⣬ȥԽ⣬ʵΪˣɻ󵱼ҵģСһɡ˵ɷȷʵࡣ˵׼зء
ͷҲͬ⻰ˣæŶδɽʲӿջΣҲϣҲסСڣ뷨ӣ
ﻺվɾܾأȥ졣塭
æӦڡ
ͬȥԭ򲿡
ɫһ䣬󵱼ңҪȥλϿɶأΪ£ֵɣС飬񲻱ȴǰˣҲ࣬˵׼к÷ӡ
һȥһߵɽկּҵģȴҲǴҵġ⼸գһѾæˣȥ
ֻҪȰŴԵʱ죬һúùӣЩϳֻи˵ķݣæĿڵãȥзǺʯ
΢΢ףδȥ˺ɽ
һ㹦Щ񣬴˷ǡʯǰһ졣
·ҩ®Ϳջʱ併ٶȣȴδͣЪֵֻۣͷٶޣԭ



ʮ δ
йıʣֹŵʧһӰ΢΢üͷ
ʱɽկǰС׼ɽʯɽʯҲδ¡
·ûãλ󵱼ȥӲʲô
Ҳδ룬Ͼλ󵱼ҿɷгɳĻ䡣
֮䣬ɽկ֮ҳɫһλ󵱼Ӧ֮
λãҲá
ôʱбҪΪʲô
Ŀٴϵֽϣﹴһͼֽկˮ㡣
֮ǰһˮǵ٣ټկɽһСɽͷˮҲˮɽԽ룬ˡ
һΣƵǺܡ
ܵԭʵܼ򵥣ҺʹѹʹҺԽһϸϰﵽϵĿĵص򵥵װá
˵һU͹ܣһͷˮУֻҪһ˵λʼյˮ棬һֱˮԴؼˮ
ԭ򵥣ʵʲȴвѴ
Ʃһܱղ©ġU͹ܡǰһҲʮףһͻƣ˼˹¼֤顣
£Ī˵ֱӴӲկڣǴӲ̵мɽͷֹˡ
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һʱ仹û޶
ϵͳŹң书һȺȻѣ
˼ڤʱǹķɿ죬֪Уб
һֱֽддʲôδֱһ˱̧ͷ뿴һδ뵽ˡ
ôˣ
һȴ崿֮ݣʵ
ϦŨӳĲ®еŮϼ

ĿģԹ
ͯվɶ˭ס
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Ϊ֪СƲ˵ˣֻȥŴ󻧸˵ĸǲ¼¡
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ڡ
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ˣŶ󣬵ӵĸҲУֻҪһ𡭡
ĵ΢뷨Ժ񡭡
ˣףˮ۾˲⡣
ǰȷկСǡСɽʯɽկ˶Ҫ֡
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ʹ̲סѿڶС㡣
˵շӦֱо˶վȡ
ָʾ£κһŽСľϣͷ̧ͷˡ
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СɽСԹɫӣֵļͷܾýλֵܵͷЩɫ̾ϢһȰֵܣ
֪λֵܣСϲѩ̼ҵСǡ
ǿ󲻵ð
Ⱥ󣬸йҲͬˣȰֵܣ׻˵ĺãǿŤĹϲ𡭡
û˵꣬ͼȭһȭϣŭ˵ҲˣϲСǸСɽҾ޶ΪƫƫΪƫƫϲǸǰ𣿡
ûŮе˵
Сɽɿ廰еЩڣѵС壬СǴǰǸˡ
ĵ˳ʺ
ô£ǽ߸һܸоĵ̼˫Ŀˣŭ
ˣСɽۣС״̬ԣеˡ
Сɽסĸ첲һһС壬֪ﲻܣ룬Ĳ˭ģСˣ˭ȻģҹҪûСǾˣҲֻһТǰȡ֣ɲҪ룡
⻰˵ļأɫȻɷףתͷСɽСԴĿȻʶıܿȥתͷҲһ޶
Сһ𳤴ĵֶ㣬Ļ侲ˡ
۾ɷ죬۵׵ĳ޺ͼȴɢȥλСֵܻŵĿɿɬ֮Цһ
ЦϣĿ࣬Сɽˣ̲סзࡣ
Ȱ˵ʲôȴλģҲ᷸ġô˵Ҳϴ󵱼ҵĶӡСʱִ󲮺Ҳãִ󲮻ȹҵ壬ԭҵΪһ塭ЩȻɽկҪѩǰ˵˵ز͵
һӱ࣬ȷź񳤴˲٣СɽҲ֪²ƹӦͬѩ˵顣
ĿӰįĻɽ󣬶תͷ®ЦĻ֦ҲȻڳ극ĳ˼вˡ
ǴСһ𳤴Сӣ˭֡
ȴ


ɵݶЦ治Ϊĸž̸Щʣ˵Ϊһ˵ڣСʱʹۿޣҳһ֣һ֪ܵܲȥ˲ģΪҾҽԺŶǿҪŸ˵
ܻѹѵˣûѶƤЦơ
Ҫ΢һ㣬Ҳ͹ˡ
˵ֻѾŲŵˣʵ̫Цˣ
Դ󵱼ҵ˽⣬±ȼ˹ơ
ݾⱲӶûôЦЦ
Ц˺һɫǶˣд־ǵǧǰͥʢءʢ˥ԭϻ˲ɽԱʱعλʮĴ󽫾ģģȴ书ȺǲǺҼ֮ʮɨԭʱδף󽫾ʱɻ飿ĴԻδ𣬺Ϊңԣʷǣ
٩٩̸ڳµĿⶼڻˡ
СǡСɽϰԣҲ淽ֶЩЩ֣Ҳֻǿʶ֣࿴һ۶ͷۡ
ԭҲϲˣڿ۾ȴĳݡ
දĹ°
˲£
ĸı䣬ΪΪԵʣƳˡ
ˣҲеҸͷ΢Цݣһ𳤴ģ֪ңûʲôۺͻӣǸʵˡЦʲô
ֵĿҪֵǸûʲôûʲôС˵
ɻǱס֡
ڷǵ˾ͻ书ĴĽӣֲоǰδеĿ֡
Ҳ֮أȻҲϲ㣬ҵδǰҲ뿼ǶŮ˽顣
Ȼ̲סʧֱ׵˵ϲݻǸеĵҸ
糺죬ĵĿݺʵǡСĴҵʲôʲôʱܳɣ
崿һͿȴĽıƫװµתȥһĨϼ̰ĽٻʵǡתΪͳǹζѾӣɽ²Σ֪첻糤ҹģ
ۣ
ݴ˿ϳĽȥﻹлһ˫ˮ۾ǽЦ⣬ǰϵЦͣ
ˣﲻ֪Ѿͷĵ
ղŶǱѾͷ
Ů˹ȻԱ
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ȴ£һͦΰţЦ̺㶼ͬˣ̻˵˵Ĳ㣡վֺõСҲǹҪЦġģǰҶסˣǸʵǡ
Цƨ
ƤȣʵҲͦ졣
ڻû˼һСѰ֣ܴĴ˼ңȱǡ
ֻСѾͷ벻ʶ˵Щ֮ԣһЦ֮࣬Ҳƻе
ʱˣСѾͷȻ֪ء
Цһ׼ɽ
ʱѾûɽ
ֻЩֵǣδ



ʮ 
ԭ򲿡
䣡䣡
һͷϴź顢ɺʯ觱ͷΣϴɫӵĲԭŮһƥɫĴɿıӪկֻš
ڲԭϣǽ˼
棬ͣĿ͵ĿųѾͷ
ԭŮ滶ϲĽǰ΢΢׵ն
λĲԭŮǱָͥ˶
ҳȴǴͥŮ
ҲǱΪɶصĺĸϲŮ
򵱳Ƥһ˰ڲԭϲˣ·ԭΧЩɥǿڡ
Һñڲԭϲժҩȡ
ھеþȣ˵ĻһλָǿͬŮնϲΪ㡣
ĥز󣬵֪ﻹȹĸֱӽһס
ԭ˶ԴˣȲԭǸ׺ݡ
ԴϿɵˣܽĽΣ顣
ǵ׽ʱ
ﻹѧǵԡ
ĸô
ʺĸնЦ绨ͷܺأֻǳ˵䲻䣬
δЦĿͣżû졣
նĸ첲Ц䣬ڲԭǿȥԣ׷ǣ
΢΢ҡͷҼڲ
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ȻۼڶԭŤſڹֽУģֲ֮Ʊŵ˰㣬֮ǰһֱϱ任ʽҲ˸ı䣬ѡʯ١
ջ˽еĿ⣬ȴĺˡ
ԭҪ˻ڣȴǲˡ
۾񽣵ĽƿӿĵˣƣýȴǶԡǽžδľС
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ǲԭȿ۵ˣɫŭˣĵӣһĶӡ
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Ȼʩɾ࿹ʱԽ˴ľһ˲ˣһѪ³˻ȥ
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Ҳֻһ˱ʮе岿ͥλس
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ɫȿɬΪѣ̾ϢһҲ̫ˣﻹû׼áֻǣҲ֪̫ˣ̫żõҡ
ޣ
ʵȥˣڴ߱ЦĿҪȥľЦԽˣ
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ƺҲо̬أСͰ͵š
΢ЦŸ˸ĶͷȻο̵̱𼱣ҺﶼǽŮƽЩ
ȴҡͷɲɣ°뱲Ҫ¾ǿףܲ£ͷҪף
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ԣһĨɫ
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˵գҲĆ£СúøŽ󣬾ʹҴҳˡ
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ޣ
ŮһڣҲʲôö
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벻ͨڱ̨λսպ̫ϳϣҪһϡһɽͷӹϵá
񴺻δţվٿһصʬĬĺӹֵ׷ǹҦhҦʦ֣굶ҫʦ֡λʦִݹٲɽܲΪ˱СƷưɣ
˵˻ʱЩɵ
λǺڱ̨һɫ֮ǧڱ̨תһôλʦ
УǿǸΪһڱ̨֮
ȻĿǰǿǸ
ҲҴ⡣
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ޣ
ŮӲûڣѲɻǵĴ
Цûеûе¡ҵ˼˵¶̫ºֽѵ⼸ǶúõĲڼӣˡӴӴӴСƷƣٶһ˰Ӵ

һ󼦷ɹһɫҦhǰ£ºЩԺ񴺵ʦܣвɽɽ˳ΪҪĿģѰʦ㡣
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һԺŮⱹҪڱ̨Ŷȥ
ɫĪƣ⻰˵ġ̫ˣ
˵գһϡվûվһбЦ
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ҦhɫأҫʦĪҪԷƱĴϻˡھõĵӲϣڶʮˡΪˡ
񴺸Цʲô˸˵ģһӵܣү챻˸ˣҾ͵ɽɽȢ߰˸ңһˡ
ҫⱹװɵʦܣ˸лΪĳЩء
˶٣ҫֶԺ񴺵ڱͥ߷ɸ봫Ǳͥľ䡣ͷǳʥʧܣ߻ħˡԴӺʹΧɱúɽ֣׷ɱͼź
һʯ쾪ϢúϵĲҲѳֲס
ɽٳоͷ콣ɽڲɽľͷһ۵ɽͷֻסһ콣˾η
ǲԭϷĶǶ콣ɽӰ죬Ἣ
ǧϮʦҲѵ
ҫɫ֪أ΢΢׼ʦʦѾҹ򲿣ڸµĪʦҲһǰȥҪһֱܺϵܰǺͼźԻˡ
ҪȻһȺڱ̨֮ϸȥﱱͥ˭ţʱҲҪɻ¡
񴺲ΪΣͥңǴʲôɣϵüһλʦʦ붯ټһҪﰡƣƽ콣ɽûлᡣ
Īץסޣʦֿ㾫ҿҲǸͿˣ
ѵûǿҦhͳҫˣתת̽ʵλʦ֣ĪǺڱ̨Ҫͼźƽѣ
£ĪƵʱס˿ڣ񴺵Ŀ˱䡣
֮ǰǸû뵽һ磬ǰյСȻˡ
ҫĵͷͼźǲԭǧѵһĻ֮Ϊʺ⣬ԼԸԭȻĪԲʱ´ݹȣܵ˵ǧ˼ϵľսûйôӰ˹ɹɱͼźǶԭ˵һѡǰЩ굹ҲգԭǶ֮˻ϡս£ʵڼ֡
ԣͷ⵹ǡֻҪͼźʺݣڱ̨ɸַһ£ܹǣסԭϵɱˣλʦѰСҵ׺⣿С佻ѹɺͲԭʵûн鰡
Ҫ˵ʮ֮һկλŮˣͶǣΪǺڱ̨¡
ûˮŴԣһڿˮ
ﵱǲɽ̫үˣ



ʮ ·
կԺ
Ҵ￴ϿɶغһԭΧ߰˸ʲ÷ΪߣΪţЬ
ﾲǣɫȻ
ǣϸϸ۲죬ܴϣϼɫ
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һԭ﷢ټһöǶź챦ʯķ󣬾ϲе
ֲʩ죬δЦ
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һڸϿɶظǸ˵ĺϲ£졣
֮ҲҪһϲַϴϴеľֺͻ
βûӳ֣ƾΧ˴⡣
һ¹ˮ̵أģȴǰ¼š

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ɽկܹͷָһ׳ǣڿⷿĴ첼ʹ˳
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ۣ
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˶ҡͷݸĿ忴ִҲ֪ǲǺȾƺȶˣ˫ɺ죬˻Ҿ벻ͨͻȻ粻䣬䣬Ϊηڱ䡭
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ΨһΣܾתҪ·
Կ϶Խ𣬻һġ
Ȼǵû뵽ǣǸûãһмʹʱһյĺܳܳӰӣƾճߡ



ʮ 
ɽկһҹδߵĲͣʱ֣ɽկѾ
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ć֣˸
ʮˡͯ£ʮϸ̽һѻ࣡ըһƬڡ
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һ컨ȹСһﴺµЬһְ˲赹ˮıϲء
Уϲζ
Ҳ˶ġ
ͷڣԶҲ˵ű˹飬˳㽫һµĿĶڷΪȴҪףǺ˵ļܿǲŽм
ȴԶ⣬Щ;կȴ࿤ԼһѪ˽ļλҲһ
ǶƼҵˣȴȫ⣬һС
Ψһָկ
ٺͿҲףկһɽǷ棬ΪǸĴȥǵļ˺͵ӡ
˼ǰҲѾ˵ĺˣ̲ǣû׼ΪǸʲôۡ
ˣׯͽӱֵ˻ףȻǼ˵ģΨկ
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ͣԲԸľֻʮɽϽԱ⣬˵һ֣
ڷկɫصҪˣկǲɽг֮ˣǡ
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ؼ
ҪеؼɴֱӺ࿤ԼһѪŽ׺ˣԼҺѪһͬˡ
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˵һϽ֮
ǽׯ֮ԣѰīд¸ԵĹѧ»

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꣬ϳף˾ǡ
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˵գ
ʵҲЩоﻢ£ſϲ񡢴ݰףﻹɽկɽڣǸ﹫ӡ
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īԺϣ˿ˡ
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Ǹֶ˿΢ЦҪΪΪ֮ȹ˽գͻ³ɵġ



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˿ղ⣬ȴһΡء롢ζǹƣˣǵɱ̫ߣϵ¹εƤѪҲ̫࣬ȴֻͬۼ۵׬Ķࡣ
Ϣһȥֶ̼ᰵзӵʱǾȫǮɽկˡ
һתɫӣΪһͬһ
ͣ
ĵڶЦе𣺡˵¡
ﲻЦˣɫеЦ⡣
կĳɣš
ĲЦˣ΢΢üͷʵΪΣ
ܴҲܾʡǱɽͷȥĵطʵޡһ;ﻹд̣ȥ֮ȥĮ֮嫣ȥԽϷʢ֮صӻСˮһֱɽֻܴ֮粽СǶٽΪҲûҪٹתΪźɽһжվɡ
Ĭú󣬵һվɣֺαضһ٣ֻĸ֣ͻᱻ˽ܣ
Цšǻ׬ĽҸѡʳס¼ѣѰպࣿأǧ˭˵ɽѡţ
ɫԽԽصϢҲԽԽ䣬һתһĶͷˣ
ʧ֮ȴ̧˾䣺ôأ
ҡͷˡȻ˸СǣֺαִŵկţɽկǴүүǱģүүҵҵɣִ㡣ഫ֮ҵ׸Ļͥ
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뿪ɽկȥ濴𣿡
һ˫ѩɽķĿʵ
գգۣǰ㲻ȥ𣿡
￴һת˾䣺ǲ롣
⾹Ŀɿڴ֮׳𹷵ס뻳ȻĿ£ȥ

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ǰһԭɱڻе˾ûӰӵһͷֶǳ̬һ㡣
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лŭ֮⣬ǰţĿ⼫ΪƵĿˣʲô£
Ա̬ȸˣƼСĿĵĿЩֲ̿
ǾѾͷЩˣŵСɾҼСлô
飬ǵʣٶսˣҪڴ˳סò٣ԼŰɡ
ƼСڣҪ˵ȥɾȴЩˣеСɾ㶼֪ʲôһڻؾĺܲòأ
˫ϵ˳ǣҲ֪ǸΣǸĽŮ˵ݼͷʵʲô
֪͸ģΪϲƫͷЦȻǺЩΪ˸ҼСӣﻨ˲֪ҽУã㿪ʼԼѰЩҽŷֻѰ˲٣ԼҲãѰЩνҽЩҲСɾҽȻܾȵҼС㣬ЩҽŷҲûã͸СɾҼС˵ˣӢۣЩҽ͵СɾУŲ鰵Ͷ
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ǰ͸λƼСɳڵļ϶ڲ˱ܶ϶⡣
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ʲô
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ԭίһֱɫȻƽ΢ЦĽ̫飬¶ĨΣҡҡͷȻġ
ȴûͬԻ˵ȤǿԶϣͷλҹ̻ѧϸӡΣзӹϡ
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λ߻˵ʲô̫˰֣λٹ飬̩ɽ۵˵ؾ˺£ԷΪҪ
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Ǹ֮ˣԼ̩ɽ۵ȴ顣
ԣѧ޹ϮɱʮԼԭֵͼźػԭһ
ӶҪͷ
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ܼ򵥣ǿţҲ趯ֻ֣ұǣӣԻǣ




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ħ̻ˢӣڿġٲݾǶ͵Щ
صԷ̾ѡ
ﾲ̲סʵСħ̽ǹţԤӦԣ
ţȴԴ
ԳƷʦſһʤ֮ն֮
Ʒʦɷͥ
ԸƷʦ֮
ԾʦѵĸʾͲˡ
ħ̽棬Ϊ壬죿
Цô죿ȻǸϽѡٲݾ͸˼ҡ
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üǣǲҽ飬ֻأ
ҽʮ꣬Ȼ츳ţжߵҽֶΣѵѰҽң
ԣҲֻǡ
潫ҽǵħˣ
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ܼ򵥵ĵһ߾ĸߵѧ͸£ѧмˣ
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Щ
ΨһҪǵģħ˻񾭲һЩ˲¡
λħʥŮʺڣֿҲתء
ҲԸǶԭ򡭡
ƾǵĻı㣬ӣ
ҹˣӣЪϢɣ
š

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أоԼֱ˴ĳ嵯֮
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ٻͷѾ´ѣ︺
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·ߵǰߣ˵תͷλ˼Զ룬ɫȻ
ѿڶ˵˾ݼΪĻ
֣ˣ
طȻʦ



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ѾԲǷϲҧ޵͸үͶ·߱Ұʳˣкɢ֮λүһվ֧ӣСȴŲʡ
ʺǵⲢûʲôɫģԹƳȴһĨЦ˼ҶǳΪħ̣㻹Т岻ɣʵʱָĸá
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˭˵ǵ˭һĭɡ
ڡ
òϣʸ
ֻ׹ףɲֺܣ˵˵ʲô
ǺЦǶ͸Ķˣͻ׶˲ģͨһ
һ˵֣һֱﶼ˴Ȥһϸϸ
иʣڴĸ߼
ɽ˷ܵĴɤӴСҲˣΪ֪˶˵Żǽ̫飡˵˵˵˵Ҳ֪ٲѧˣ۹
ѾԼѧʿУͶǵţ޵ѷֵӣЦĿ֮
һ̬ȣ˵
վԱǣǵľȻСֻ߳ͽЩĵ
ǺһЦⱾҩ®ʱϹߵĵȤѧȥ
ޱĿ˶һۣľæסڣ۾
ȲֵĹǻֵµɽ硣
Ҳֻϲ桭
ɤӣ˵ԶĶ࣬˵ҲԶʵĺԱ¹ܲȰԼĺҪ޸𣬺ߵģʥˡ
û˵꣬ϵĴ˶סЦ
ðŲ˼Ĺ
ˣĶĵʥ֮ԣ
ɽȴĶԿζЦС˵ˣɲˣسͬΪѧαӣĽֶҲαӡ˵ıȳĻȴH̵ģˣҺ޲ôĹͷ
˵˵ţɽȻоﲻԡ
ΧľۿǷЦ
ʯ𻨼䣬ɽ뵽Ϊˣ
կһЩαӸݵİ
δαӶղˣ˭˵ݣ
ѩﵽչֲڵĸ磬Բ˵СЩǴģ
ֵ¡Ӧ˵ҵ˼뾳Ѿ㹻˵ĻȥвСľ롣
ѩƬ̣ü˵ǻϹ

ɽ̲סֿ˵ĴЦ
ˣ˵¡
ڶ˻ʥķʵȥЩʥͣС뷨̫ˣһһҲϺı仯˵ĶԣһʱһʱܴӼ̶֧կٲн֮ˡֻɽկ׸ôƭϸϸĥĥϾɽկûɹӪ̼֣Ǽߣš
Ŵԣ̲סһۺ󣬴
ȴ̲ס㻹֪ԼĶѾź˰ɣ
գȻѣ̬ȷһˡ
ȻһǺЦ岻صģ˼Ǽ˴ǧĸ̶ӱʡߣɽկҲ벻ǡһΣҴһͷ󻷾Ѿƽˣ֮СˣԼȥ˲ɲš
ԣ΢΢ЩʵС˼ǡ
պʱȻҪعԭֳôӣԭͷ˿϶;ᣬҴСǴһ⡣ظͥ
ֳʵǱϣ
Ц壬𼤶Һ˵ˣɽկ˽һزȥ˭ĻҸȫɽկ¡ԣһԭϱġȫԸǲԤӣǿ󡭡
˵ֱףַ˼ˣЩᣬ̾ϢҲ֪ɽկֻҷҲŵڡңҲʵڸʲ𡭡
岻˵ˡ
ǺЦ˵㣬ǵѾͷҲϲѰ鷳֪أȻҲݡ
ˣͼãСĸ顭
һʱЩ̣ǲǶ̫Щ
Ҫ֪˲ۣʱĸ˲ʹ
ֻﲻԣϸϸ룬ҲûĲԡ
ǵѩΪԼҲиģЩ
˼˵ȰͲԤ˼һ˵˲ġ
ȰѺӷŽԭŮ׷иɴԭϲôߣһƾܿʼ
ⷽȥ˲ԭʱӲԭܴף
ʳء
Ǹʱ򣬱նһŮɽկиʥĵǻۣôھôڡ
鰡
ѩ￴΢ЦȰο뿪ЩĳˣĴʢ
ɵŮҲ˶ӣѵܴף
вУ·һҪú÷š

ǾСǡСʯС׼׼һҪԭ̶Ӷ׬һȦСʯСǸϽѧԭһ꣬Ӧûֿӡ
֮ԣֵ˲ûзʲôֻкɽʵСûҼСɽӣҼСɽӸɶȥôûСǲǻСӵ㣬ż㿴ҵϣɡ
ǺЦ壬ʲôأһ𳤴ĵ֣ˣܽ治ɣΪСɽѧ츳ҾһЩ֮ڿջá㵱ףջжҪ
Ӵ
ɽԣһźôں췢ˣȴʹ˴ץͷžž죬ȻƬƬѩ
ɽʮˣȴЦͬСߵ磬Ҳ֪СɽҲףǰͬˣ̫ˣչչֻϡˣҪʲôֻͬ˵ȥ׼ףˮѾˣȥٴ򣡣
ֵһѣ΢ЦŶȻСǻǰ̱ܰǣҲóǶı¶ŷ󣬶ġ
æֵɱҵ׶ˣΪﰲ䣬ҸЩҲֻЩôУ尲š
ԣοЦҡͷˣϹͷٶǵɡСסϱ߶ͷĸկˣǰһֱҪ󵱼ҡͬ˵ڴ󵱼ҲôˣǾ㡭ɽկæȻǵļ˵ӡɵĹܲûӦ⣬࿤ԼλҲ㡣ô˵
ԼλӲᣬԼѪ˵Щɽͷկ֮ǰð˷¼ǹɽկЩկͷǵġ
ʲô
ɫ壬ÿɽկկôɵƶưղ٣ϲһڽٵɽկռɽΪ޷ѡ١Ʊǿɱ°޶ȴšӱļǿɵɽկЩˣǺǣһٴζԩġ
ˣ˶٣ɫķֵȵȵȣ˲ԭһӣԺһһ̸



ھʮ ô
¶ʱﲢѩһɽկſջ
ϣջڳɼˣֶˡ
һھֵڿͣϻС죬ʮ󺺣͵ڶǿˡ
ΪмˣһڴõӣŸ䡣
ԱߵģһͷͷɫȻ޳סꡣ
һ˸սţ˫۾ͷĴ˹ʮֽ䱸
һ˿Ϳһ档
һˣͱȽȤˡ
һͷУһᣬһ˽ӵĺ޲ܽͷСŮ
ǼСŮ˾йͷĹͷкͳز˵Ů̧ͷ˫۶ɷ˵ĵ
ǺһЦûӦԵȴĮȻ̧ۣˡ
˻
˶һ۷ǿߣ޵ؼ಻øһͳΪһˡ
Ȼ˿ŮеĿ⣬ȴǸеһļ£
鼫ΪḻĶˣ̾λĲ񻰵Ůӵݣɵһɫ䡣
ȴǸ꣬ȻһסŮӵ֣΢ЦŽǿֻͣҪ£ȥա
ǸɮҶഭһڵŮ󣬴
ˣɮ˲ų˿֣Լѣ֪ʱѱ亹ʪ
ԭɲȴΪԿҰԼΪвԵ·׷ױʦɡ
ԭηȴ̶¡
ûչˣױڵġ۸ɡ
ҰԼŶġˡ޷ܵġ
ҺãҺá
ȿȣȿȿȣ
ʱڶԱߵСڷղԣһżҿԭЩ԰׵СʱǺ죬Ʒһ㷢ִʮֺˡ
кü״ɫ䣬æ뾪磡
ûæĴӻͳһƴС«ҩιɫѾ෢ϵСÿУˮ£Ƭ̣СòʵĻָ
Χ˼ˣĿ⵹ûǸСòСϣе«ϡ
ʲôҩ棿
ü֮«պãȴڽ֮ɫ
ҩѾûˣҩˣȴȥ
ЩҩԾĺٷָǺá
һԵĹͷʱûô࣬վλǲߵ꣬һֱø߸ߵػϿʱŭǰλʵǲ𣬴˺Ƥˡ
ʵԩģŵģԭ«
С㲻Ǿͨҽôưɡ
ջƺСɽǳ˱ӵСÿãԥߵߵȴ۶̧
Եʯû͵ЦˣüŪۡ
ﻹеѩˢˢĿˣͼǿСԹϿ͸ˡ
ȻһЦС濴΢ЦСҾ֮ͨ᪻Ҫɸơ
СԣСˢһ±ˣ𡭡
һõʱŭ˫۷ŭĵ
֮ҡͷҶˡֻǿ컯ĻԵϣԸȻ㲻ԸԲǿҩҽԵˡȻǲԵ
˵գͬһ˶¥
¥֮󣬹ͷкòŻȻȻĿ˶¥
СɽȴĶţûСá

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Ѿ΢죬յϡ
л˻ʺ״
ʺģŴŴ࣬ЩأлСɾ
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Ϸˣ̫ϷˣҲ̫ˡ
ŮһǣŲƤʵûУƺãδؿס
ѾԱĹĵСɾûò
ǺһЦͣľЩżˡ
ƫ㣬ʺЩĿ࿴ˡ
ԭΪǸŮ˸ǰЩģڿˡ
𣬶ԾЦ񡣡ֶСɾн档ԭѲòͻƵ߽٣Ҵҽڰ˽٣ȻӹǾҪˡСɾʩ룬Իֻ͡Ҫٸµʱ䣬Ƶ߽ȱĽڰ˽١ʱҪСɾھŽ
Ȼʵ㣬ʲôôǲұҽ߸ĸģҲ;ˡ㲢ûҸҪ㣿
ʺһ֮δڣһԵľѾ߾ͼŵСɾǰͿˣҼСӶȥպ˶ģ㻹ƽЩ
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ʺϣһ˫峺Ŀ϶ᶨһʱ䣬֪˵Щʲô
΢΢ҡͷ˵ˣʼʩա
ʺδԣϣھѾߵİȥȹѣ¶һݲӡ
ʺĿһֱ۾Ŀޱ仯鲻΢
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Žٲ칦ȿϵһ˵Ĺܹʹĥѣϧ£ĥһżġ
ԣΪͻƣΪ˴ʹҵǰʩ룬ʵʲôûκβ
ϲðգն˱ǡ
ǡ
˿Ӳȴ΢΢š
ĪѾ߾֮ǰԣ׵޼۱ѷɡ
վҲֻǸŮˡ
һһֱƶľСĿȻÿġ
Щ꣬ĿŻʺ˵
ԣܵһԻʹ࣬һͻ칦Сɾ޳ܵĵ
Сɾ˵ҽ߸ĸģʺ˽ĵطˣʥ̾ٲעףҲûбŵһ
ԣҪٽ
һʱһγʺǵʸУҧŴš
ͺķ˴ͷһ㺹ˮһ䲻˸¡
üͷĿŹֵĿ˼Ļʺ
ʺһĺ޲Ѱȥ
þѾʱڵСɾÿջסŹȤܲȥɽկͣ
ʰҩ䣬΢Ц޲ɡձԺ뿪հɡ
ϲЦտӦº˷䡣



ھʮһ е
ʲôأ
˿ͷȣȾͷСɽЦͬɫȻ˵ʲôԻסʯ
棬һɮһ˫˫ڵء
󣬻һִٲСãҲŹں棬ɮ۰ڣö
ССˣ
Сɽٵͷһĵͬ˵
ǰÿÿ¶âɽկͬԶԶʱǡСɽʯззȴϷСġ
ֲǴ󵱼ңһ𳤴ǲŲϸֺá
ȻҲûͷݡ

Сɽ˵գһɮһתʼͷ
졣
СûᶼһҳһѣĶ
ֻĿⰧĿӻС硭о׽⡣
ȻͿĿɿڴĺСɽǿСԴƺʼͱˡ
һͷһһСҵϣְգ
˵󣬱׳ļǺ
ʯûסķͬЦ
ĵױȲĺãôƽ
գգۣҸû𣿡
Сɽһͣſڣȴ˵
֪ӲǸ˵ˣղСÿǿϡ
ǡ
ҲɮỹĿͷźСɽЦ鲻֪һСɽ㻹Ǹ֡
СɽСԹ϶ɺյˣСҲͨ죬ڻ䡣
ʯױסˣ໥ŴЦ
һɮһзߺޣɶ˵ʲôûиŮβҪ
ԭȷʲôҽɾƾһڽΪľҩǱ˰˳ɡ
˳ɣ㹻ǿŮȥϣ
ʲôҪ
¸ĸģ޹ڴˡ
ۺ󣬶ɮС˵ҹˣʺϿδصÿգ˵ɡСùҩѮ֮ڲٷ
ʵСõͣС
λϽԣԲͬһܹĴźСˡ
ƶŮĻᡣ
ԸԸϥ
ߺɫȴСɽ
Сɽ㶢ţͷһЦСҡ
ûиϻĻᣬʯһڣûͬǽɽկأҪսЩ˵ĲҪ˵
ʯûСɽɫ΢䣬ҧͷ˵Ҳûж˵ֻͬ˵Сҽͥ󺹶Ѱ㿴СûкͿ˼ţҩ®ҪƲԲ˵ģûšСһڽǷµҩǲˡ
Ц˵ҵĲˣ
СɽæЦǲǣ쳤˵
ĪôϲǸСãǺУãǵʿϲɫݻôţ
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ԣ˶ٵ֪ˣȥɣͷһ˵ٸ˵˵ɽկҪСɽ
ţ
СɽƵĿ
ƿŴǣٽϲһûô򵥣Ҳûôףǿ󲻵áϲҲͻȻϲġǿЩΪ֮£֮ΪжԸΪʹǰǣһֵϲˡ⣬Žϲ
Сɽ
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Сɽߵ֪ˡ
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Сɽ˿ʯҴȥ
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΢΢һۣû˵ʲô
ﻹڸղͻУǸСá
ɫ֮ҹⴵ㣬Ůϲ
ֻ
סҹˣȥЪŰɡ
š

һҹ޻
峿컹δ
ԵЩ޵Ѿϰڵİˡ
»ͣ˼䳣̬
ߣСгչ׵̡̬ܵ
ǰﻢһ˶˵£Ҳͬ
ӻͷаѾʮ㣬ԶڴһЩʹҲԸݡ
ΪﴩѺ˫ķѩɽ䲻ڣȴҲɽȪ˫
Ƚ˲ԭʣˣúЪϢա
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ͷǲδٻˡ˶ʵЩկԤδã
ǰûвţֱԵӱ⣬ɱ֮Ҳ壬Щáֻỵկ
ȴЩܲȲɱͬԥ£Էˣɽկ
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Щͷ۵üģɴǴȥկҪˡͬ䡭
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ɫȴȻޱ˵˵ɽңݱɽݣˡҾͬѰ֣ɱӵĻΪɫЩһתȻկͬ
Ҳɱġ
ҡͷҳһ˽ԭģһ֮Ѱգ˭ǵӪһ죬㲻ЩνĹأԭǷ֮أΪһΡԣûκ⡣Щɽկͷǣȴһӯ඼ԭư¹֡Ȼүûʸǵǣؼ塣ֺܣǵķӣеǣ
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ѵ˷Ȼãˢ£ͷˣ
Ҫе



ھʮ 
ջɽկ˺Сɽſջ⣬ʯҲһɽ׼ͷһԭ
;УСһ𳤴ĵ֣ɫ
ʱ󵱼ɫ䵭Į޶
ֻһҹȥĴ󵱼ңɫȻ˵Ľޣ
ǰеһ˫ˣʯһۣ˱˴е
˺˹Ȼܱȣǲ̫ܺõ˱ȡ
ǰӣΣ
һ򣬴󵱼лԼҲ˵֮ǵݶΪ֮㵹
СɽͰ͵һСã
һ˵ġС硱еĺСɽԭرըΪеĲ

˵ҲͲԭλʥŮһ˼ϲǡ

˵Ϊ϶ӣϧ
Եɣʵ΢ޡ
ǰĿеŮ˵Цĳˣʯһ
ʹҡ

󵱼ңֹӣ
ոպﲢɽţûԶͱ·ߴڳ¡
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˷ֱΪׯӱ֡ڷկկպͽɽկկ¡
ͬ˵ģƣҲѹգû¹ֵλˡ
û˿˵ʲôЦԵ⼸ʵ̫æλˡ֮룬Һʹ󵱼ҵĶףҲѾЩšɲɣҴƱ˵Щ̫磬ɣ˺ʣ̸һȥǣɷ񣿡
ںܳɡˣʲôʱ̱ɫ˵
ׯȴΪжپд¡
Ц㲻ʺϴЩ£ҲáɽկҪֻǣв϶ҪˡЩկɽ尵йƷԣֻʵǣҼ˵ӵİΣˣЩѾЩˣʼ˼ȢˡˣɽկθҪ
ԣء
֪һУΪ˼ĸܹһһԼϲ
ԣֱǻĸж
Բ˵ʲôɨ˵Ļֻ΢΢һЦ
ص⻹ۣϣһ㵭Ľ⡣
ɽĳ紵޼һƷң۽üģһĨͲ
￴ţĿ
һԱ˴˶ڶճ໥͵Ůúܳɡ׷ƣͷŲ죬ʪ۽ǡ

ˣ
ڣڣϿɶصк
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ˣȻѾˣ
Ǹоĳ˸ӵƽĿ⿴˹
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˳Ӽˣر
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תͷͬϿɶصԭ˺һԭﻹЩԾġڿǶ
ϿɶŴԾ̫ˣЦеҲǳ찲ŵԵֻϧһתϧԼ뷨ԸŻǡ
һԱնЩ䣬ζĸҪһŴ󺹻ǡɽһº󣬰ҲĶĸʹˣܾˡĸ밢ֻд󺹵ģŻˡĲһȥ𣿡
£һǻȥĸġ
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һʹ˷׷ȰΨﷴϿɶشֲڵ֣˵ͷ
ʼ˸еϿɶأһӾЦˡ
һֱƽδԵĺʱȴ˵ҪͲҽңҲܰҪģʮס
ٲݾϽϡ
ʵڱģǲԭ壬ôҪôףûС
룬ȴЦĵȻȻ䶵ͳһݵѾߵ׵ǰҵҽȫⲿҽֻҪѧ͸ˣԭԺ󲻻ȱˡ
ͨٽתǷ׷۾̰ĿǾҽ
ΨϿɶüۺתͷͬС˵Щʲô
ĸģ¡С˵ҽ书ҽɾˣ书ɱˡɱ֮ɹ㴫֮ȴӦ䡣ԣۡ
һ˶Ŀ࿴ˡ
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ԭ˻ϲûİһۡ
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ֳɵҲûֵأǵУɽȾвƽؿɿģɳկǱߵظ࣬ûˮһΪ컯裬ǼӲĸңֻһҨûˮͨˮǳɣ
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Ȼɱ¾ȡ֮·̫Σգʧԣôаɣ
ֲԸʥĸװȥȼãôԹȦؾͳ֮
ֻ֮꣬Щ£ƳɿѱţܾȥǱصĻ
ƽ֮ѣһͿ̿ʮҾſա
կʮڣǹ
ټɽֹʮڣݵ£ǰҪ㹻ʳ
ȵðˣȥѣ֮һ·ֱʥ
Ȼկڵļҵ׶ܾһ˶
ϾѾٹ¾Ҫѩˡ
ʱɽˣԶûȥֻ˶ס
԰붼Ҫ룬ʮڡ
µҲؼȥСɽҦʱ̸ŪЩȻ൶ȫȥɽԣԶơȴĸĺ׵ģⶼֲȱΣôɹáȻ忪ʼˣյȰɳկһ£ν̵عأѧŰӪկγռʣ³̰죬Ͳ⡣ڴͷҲôĴ򣬸øߵĸߣɱɱ
ûٸ˱۵ĻᣬֱӶ˻
ֹס˵ѩЦóȥٵеĽȻСЩϹͷͰһֺη
ɫԵѩѩ̣´Ʒңʱ£կֻ·ѡҪô˸ɵҪô׳ɵҪԵǵĵˣе·ߡǲԶػǣֻˣ񡣶浽˴֮ʱһʦԶԶԱɽկ˻ΪկʦȺ֮ǲǿһͷͻȺǻУҲסһȺġ
ѩﱻ˵ɫһ죬߳ŭôЩÿ챻ָɵûһй㰮ʲôʲôȥɣ
ԭΪСӾ㲻ĸţҲɣ
Ϊ֪˽ŮĹ
ȻĻûӽȥʲôֱ
ҲˣҲˣҲˡ
˭֪СӳԸĨˣĸд
ˣĿʾ£ɿѩ̣˽£漰ɽկ˵Ҳڹ˽ȥδôŶС
Ȼֻ滰ѩȻĴԵĲ˵ǹؾ;Թȥ
ŮֻСٸΣ·ˣ
˺Ҿ˵һ㣬㲻ᡣָɵĻƣҲû¡һҵƹȥɣһŹ֣ҪҸĸ
˴Ц֮ǰһɢ
Цգֵȥͣ̽һ·ȡһ죬ʮúɽɽկ֮˶ȥ䡣һľһܸССһɽկУ
֡ɽܳɵԣس
ȻһӾˣҲǵĶӣǵӣֻҰ֮һӵĲݿܡ
֮ǰǴûЩΪסһկͲˡ
ʱɳկһֱֳиС
ǻɽկĶͱ
˭뵽̶̲ʱ⣬췭ظı仯
ҲܹĿ⣬ˡ

īԺ
ΪվҪس̣Ͻҹ̴˻סɽϡ
̸˷ʢ磬ϳ˸
̻ãȴϵĿֲסˡ
֪վҪ뿪˿
ȻɽϵҰҪӭ֮֡
԰ҸϾͱСȥķ䣬СｫһС͸ؼңϸжỨ㡭ҪЩ͸ң
Ȼ֪ЩֵӣɿǷǽʯȻֵơ
ЩǾʱɽկλ͵ġ
ʹ͵⣬Ķ˰͸ϡ
Щϼ촽
һΪ˸ĸץҩƵļּѵİͯ˵ЩԵ
ЩͿΪõУõҩˡ
ж״ͨһ¹أ£Сһ
æȥϣɿϼʥɫֲǿ
֣صĿСŶӽҵãģһʮٱĴµģһݣ
˵ҲǸžĺӡ
һ̣С￴һ峺Ȫˮ۾Цеĵͷ㣬ðŶ㳤ˣǵѰ棡
ϻǰȥˣ̧ͷۡظౣ֤СŶģȱκ˲լҾ̻ѧ书
СԣϵЦݽʧĳȰúӣ𼱣ڼҴ꣬ҪúТ˳



һһʮ 
컹δ
ϼɫٲһ˿ѩɽ֮ɫ
Զеǰҹ»Բ˷
Ƕеźｿ̲֮࣬סЦ
Ĵ£С˴ǰҪȥٻءնɱ䣬Щ˵ļú޷ҵǻǨŭϡ
ЦḧģлʺڣҲµġ

Ͼħˡ
Ц£ǾŽٲûҵľŽศͻƵھŽ٣˾ҪĥɷӣԴ䣬͹һ㡣룬ħ֮Ա˳֮Ϊħ̣ʹйءֻ֣ҩȺħ̵ʲôϵ֮䣬Եϵ
ǳЦʻʹ
һݣǿɫӣһΪ֪
֣죬
Ĵָ޵һԡȺ¹ӵ⣬ʾΪһеƣޣʵޡ
ﱻǻЦһ۵˵Ĳ
ɿɫӣǻʹվħˣȻ򲻿潫֮ǶܲǺ˰
ɫعŹæʵôˣ
΢΢̧̧°ͣˡ
˭
ʱδӦ漴͸о⣬һɺ͸˹
ԹĿһۺ󣬻һתϺˣǱġʵҲΪˣħǸУûֶԱ类̵Ĺͷʣˣ
ߡ
Ʈһǿԭµ漴š
˭ô硭
֪ʵ

︧Ӧɡ
ΪվҪѾ߲ͬҹͻʺһסɽկС
ʺɫƣüĵĽ΢΢ףͬóˡ
üһ˿ʺɫҲû硣
һóһ˫󱳰ϣȡһӡ
ʺ֮ǰȴ欣ʵСɾȡʲôѽ
ʵ˵̫ˣѵûţɿʺ˿˿ɱСӡ
ңãţ
ʺҧ˵
һԲۡ
ھ棬ˡ
ĲûֳԱһһӵһ
Ӧš
һĻʺ֪أֱͷĸо޹һġ
Ҳ׼һСӦǻʺĻϴѡ
ҲˣģȴӦһδ˯Դŵǡ
һδǵСɽڣȴҪԶǧҪ⡣
ܽѾչ¶ֲŻڴУȴǸӡ
׼׵ûУɱ©ʲôԶŶ
Ц̷ģлʹڣµġ
Դ̡ԼҺá̬⻰̲סֵʹŮӣ㿿
ͷԣҿ̱Сʵ˵õĺܡ
ûˣҶƼˡֻǾֺã˼ҲǸҡչ˼ң۸ˡ
⻰ůĻʺᶼˣɼӦĺܺãȴǡǺաһ
ֻҲ֣һлܵĹ֮ƺɢ˲١
Žٲܼȷ֮࣬ƽͣ
ħĻ
ܺⲻŵ˶죬ԶһҲǺ¡
Сأ
ʵ
ЦΣûѣǸúӣ˽Եĺ˯㡣ֲȱ۶ֺҲżء
˺ЦⲻǺʲô
Ψͷ͵Сϳӳξ֮ģټԴרעϰ䣬ǰ;
ʺЦѾͷǵݣһյ¡ϰ䣬ʮؿʦ
ֵлˣͷûǸϽɣȥء
һǰķ䣬ȥϡ
Ϊףرܻ䣬Ŷ룬ͼһŲĴϣ˲ţ˯
Сֻħֺ֮Ľߣɵۡ
ȥỽСϣ𴲳ˡ
һ˼飬ֻۣʶӦš
״ǰ˵˾䣺Сϣøץҩȥˡ
˱ϺԲϣһ˫۾ৡһһµҪµأȻſһڿ
գգãȻ۾Үô⣿
̵ȴŵĶȾ﷢ᣬһʱֻĿ
ЦǸ̳ˣ㵽ң￴ò
ԾһӦã
ϻ˯ŵСæ˿ڣתͷûгѣǰھĶͷ£֣صСģúҾ͸Ͻ㣬̫ңټ
ǰգתͷ˴һСİ׺ͷݣΪСҪʱȴ̧ͷСȭͷһգ˵ؼҿ
֣ȾĴ̡˵˸жࡣ
ɣһ˹Ȳˡ



һһʮ ҹ
ʺ˿̺ơ
ȻܵţǰС
ϱһУһִһֻ첲ϡ
һֵ书㹻ʺɡˡ
ֻʺЩȴҲǲɽܡ
ƫûһʡĵġ
Ϊʺܿʢ֮أרɽҰ֮ظ·
տĻ£ǳҰˣĵӭУ¹һӵķ磬Ҳֻ˶ٲ͡
Խɽʱк
ʱʺ
ȺʱܾצŻŻ˼ҡ
˿ûΪŲʲôʣĵ׽ŴȻ
ϲ״̬Ľ֮
Ϊٰı㣬Ķǣ繷ӦоУм֣
֣ػţõѾȹ룬춷ض˶찵أȻǰ·ߵķ羰ȴδʵΪɱ
һȻˣһ
ǲ͵
һȴΪ˸ȨƣֻΪػˣܹ㡣
Ҳǰǰ㣬ÿʱÿ̶Ͱٰıš
Ʃ˿̣;ѧϰŷң׽Ȼ
ޡ
˷ȥֿ¥ߴʤΰ棩
ϵǲαΰ棩
Ҫɵĸߣɵĸߡΰ棩
󣬾ϲĺϲ£ϣѾԺһŭˣ
һ̬ȿ˿˿˿ˡ
һ̬ȿǲԼ˿˿˿ˡ
ԭըѣ߻ħĻʺһѾľˣȴ˿գȻúЦ
ҹڽҰЪʱŷһԱ˯ȥϣʺЩĽΪʩգһű̺ϣֻϣڰ¶ЦСɾý̫鿴յӣѰʦջȥء
Ƴۣ̫ǿҽ״̬ð̣ͲֻһʦˣøҿͷҴү
ۣ
Ϊʩ̹ˣҲ࣬ʺһЦ󣬵߽ôãʲôῡûûСɾġ
ʰգڲԶĲݵϣЦҲŶʮ꣬װʲôܼˣȻҴܿ͸٣Ҳռ˳õıˣȻСϻ׼ɾͱȲ
ʺԺһۣûӣʥһ춼ȥұȲ
ҡͷΪǸˣñλħʥŮе١ˣһ·СϹûݣ⡭⵹Ҳգ֪ʱһϵƣСʱȥ޼͡㣬ŲţлᣬԻһ㡣
ʺ
ˣѵͲ˵ĺ㣿
ʲô

ʺ³ܻĻᱻ
Щ벻ͨۼʹڻĽҰҲ˯ޱϣŴʮֻҰӣȻ
ǺЦħ̺ҩȵĹϵҾͬ˵˵
ʺԺЦ޷֮ģ׽߶ûвһ˳֣ʹʥжûʲô÷˵ģ֪ʥ̺ҩȵĹϵֱʱǣһܲ㣿˵Ҳһˡ
˳ǣҰ֮أħŮҲʼŷ
ҡͷһ࣬Ұ߶㡣
ʺĿҲҰģ
īɫҹϵ췱ǣЦⲻǷϻ𣿳˼Сģ˭Ұģûƽ¡ý檣ҹҹɡ뵱ô٣ٹ١˳룬뵱ʵۡûУ
ʺЦ洫ҵøӣԼĳıߣȣ׸ΪûҰءԭҴˡ
ЦҶ˵صŶֶʹ۵ԣҪǽҼŶﻹܰһӣҵó¶ѻꡣ
ʺԣĬ룿Ҫ֪ȢҽŶҶ֣ұ;Žٲʱͳ˧ʥ̴ɨ£ʱȴûзԡ
ЦǰϣҲصϱѡ
˯ʱֻҪû֮»˳£ͨв
Цյһ˵˳뵱ʵۡҲǴˣҲȺͿΣħкεˣ˳֮꣬ƻԻ⣬ʲôһĸʵǿַӳɾʹҵģҸ㣬һûУڲУСҲҰģҵҰǣҪЩҰĲҰļУҵļˡѺͻ飬ǿԲսķšһͽ߾ܵĶЩ޹գȥҵҰģ˵ǵͬΪıҲѰŮӲͬȻӣ϶ѰŮɰҲޡ
ʺĬúϵϢٶȹĿģʵΪԸҺ
³ҧڿеĹβͲݾϢ仯ǺЦ˳ģ
ʺոջָľһˣյΣô㲻˳ģ
ʺ˫ҹԵøûʺ̲ס΢΢һཻڽġϣұϡԹ֮ƶңұֻ֮ҪңһΣ
ʺԣٶȳĬú⣬֪Ƿϣ
ǺһЦתͷǿգǲϣ˭һʱ˵׼Ҳʮֲ꣬ɣȻ׼ÿжֵĻˡ
ޣ
ʺЦĨ˰죬ҿͶʹѾͷǹģ˵ʲôϲϣ
ǺһЦô붼㣬֮Ը㲻ʧ
ʺûȻѾͷӣκ˾Уֻѹһ̡
˶٣ʺ⣬֪ʥ̵һ⣬ΪҲֻܵʦ۷壬ȴһ;Žٲͻʥ
Цܲħ̵һλҩȵĵһλǺûѰɣ
ѡΪ⣬ʺûһۣǷޣһ칦컯ҽ˳Ųڤĸʶֻ̡ǺЩ£˾ѣ̶ȥҩȣҩΪƣΨҽʥˡԴ֮󣬡Žٲ칦޾Ž븨Ϊ¡
ЦҾͲħ̵û˿ٲݾԼ𰡣
ʺĿĿһۣĵû˿ٲݾĸУֻǵʱ²δ֡ǣֻһҽкãҽҽԴʽԽһ֪Ϊ⣬ټҽ飬׿ڴڣְֵĽ̻壬޷Сڻ˲֪Ĵۣ¸ѰҽվŽ롣
ҩȣʹŽģ˹⣬ҲֻʮϷɡ
ôϵСɾܷūңģ
Ļشֻһָ漴˯



һٶʮ 
ԽУʺϵٶȷ
Ǻ䲻ͬݣڴ뾳ڳſ񱼶ûϵʽѳȰһ磬Ҫ𣿡
һſ˿񱼣¶мò˶ãѧʦء
ʦͳôλһİġսԵһҡУϱƽڸոձ˵һѧ˵вζ̫ء
»ֱӶ۷ʦ֮
ԣ̷ʢأ˿ʼҹС
쵹ûжزأھͶã˼С
ڴֵĴϣӮϿг˶ץסӣ۾ȴȫϣĳ
Źġ㡱һ߻šҳһ߿ķǡ
˵ԭ֮֮ѣ
Ŀڸղɫϻᣬڵͳ˵
ǰյоȻľ֮ɫżӣв
ʺǺЦֻЦʥΪħ̣ȴ֪ʥ̲ڰзչڣвФߣܺˣĹټҺ;ңȴĿŵĺѪ裬ȻҧյĹͷˣʥɰڣ
üڻ֪ҲĿŵô
ʺЦҲв֪ģټʵãɾҡСɾ֪ԭľң
ѵǿͶˣ
ʺЦʲôľңǳʥأ
ɫһ䣬ʥӵܲϽԤͽ𣿡
ʺǺЦȻҸԤʥּЦǲܸԤǵļҲʥˣҲնָϵǼʥسΪӣ̿ȥ˰ܳΪĵӣǿĶ˰ܳΪϣҹٸҪ·׹Ҳ˵Ӻͺĵӣ˵ϣʥؽǧ괫Уۻһ˲õ֡
ʥصȷܱӻҲҳӸı棬ǱѾΪĻʹó͢Դսϡǵȴȫڰͷϡ
ֻԹʥѳɴ£ȴտʥؾӡ
ʥȱߣҲһʥ
ŻʺĿ¶Ұֻ֮Ƕַˡ
Ȼտʥؾӣɾ´ңճߣʮ֮˾ҡ
ħ̻ܳһʱ֮ƣѡ
ЩûҪ˵˵Ҳδػ
ּҰߣ׶ҡ־
׼ȥЩȥʱȻֱڴһ֮
ֻʮºūһưܵլԺſڣӲһТŮš
ԺһͬТӿصҪȻŮӣȴһֵĺūһ߷ҪžпŮȥ
һֱձݵ϶һĻˣ֪뵽ʲô˵ף۾Ҳǿ־塣
ΧΧ۰СŴ£Ŀͬ飬ȴ˸ҳͷֻЩūԾҡ
С࣬Ϊĺã϶Һˣ׿ƭǷӡǮ˵վûȥ
ëң¶ǺˣҾͿҼʱù
ҪˣϻǶټңǲëҡëλѧĺĵӣԺҪɳϵģ̫ؼ˶Ҫ⻰˴ëҶˣ
ֻǿµ˺ӣ϶ʬδ˻ûˣʹ
ʲôӣϵùɡ
ǼūצΧ۰գȺɢȥ
ϴ۾ƮỨҿˣѹ֮
ȴ˸СԹϣߡ
СĿ
΢Цİɣǲµġ

ι׼ô죿
뿪ֵƲֵϣʺĿЦʵ
ǺһЦףǣҡ
Լˣеʧм٣ڴĿ
ҵиͬܵʹࡣ
ĲϣǼѡ
Ц˵ײף˵ҲѡëһʲǺɫôֶΣԸ׾ٵС°ɣ
ʺûΪʹ˼ƾʹŭǽЦʵɫͺöԸСɾ˵ûвɫģǼ٣˵⣬½Σ
۾ԲҲ硣
ǺЦϵ˷֣һֺɫһֲɫ
ұǲɫģ
СҲ֪ɫǺôʡ
ʺԣֻĵ
Цֹ̽̽ҵıϢ
ʺ⣬ԡ
ʵо𣿡
ʺʲô
ҡͷһ̾ϷˣһֺɫһֲɫϢɫûϢģŲɫ
ϻãȻ⣬ʺȴ͡һЦһʰ
Цܹĵԭʼ
Цᣬȴ⣬϶ֻ㱡
ȻһԶѺСߵʮūȴͬа㣬ˢˢתͷߡ
ʮ˫ѾԭʼĻȼյ۾һ̾ħֶΣȻˡ
ȻʺζĿһۣ֮ǰֶΣʵϣˮû
Сɾϵܣɲء
һЦ󣬻ʺȻӦҪСɾʹԵţֻǻСɾϧպĪҪūǳĲ¡
ǺЦаüɡгһգֵȷӣҾѡ
ʺ뵽ʲô£Ŀһһԡ
۶ֵļˣ˳ǣӦ׷
ʺ㣬ϵȥұǡ
ȴҲ˵Ȼȥ
ǼūʶûһϲɫæϣԼ˰㣬һͬǰë
СҲû£˳ִȥ
ֻǸëͱȥ˲񷿹ţŻʺֱǰǹӵķС

ʱڼϲ˲׼Ҽ׾ϣڶȺһ㿴ʺݵҡڶ
۾ԲЦԳˣ
ʺЦСɾȻģһҲ֪˼ңûˣ
ȻʧЦһ˿̻ɱЩˣ˵ɱһѹҲûֱ˵㣿
գգۣҲûʲôµɫֻʵʽ㣬ǸСأ
ʺЦͱëҾһЩŮӣҶˡİɣ֮£ǣͷϡ
ԵʱŻʺʽ㣬Ǻˣ
ʺһЦ˸ĳݣֳһЦǺӴ
ǺЦԣǺˣȫҶǺˡ
һǣ͡



һٶʮһ 
һ·Уٳǳء
ǰĦü࣬Ѷûиֽˮĳǳ𺳡
ǿ͹ųʱΪΰе̾
ʮ¥ߵĳǹǰһ令Ǻӻƣ˳Ӿ޴ĳн
⣬һȷʢ֮ء
ʹ˴ȣկʵǡܰ
ȴһ·϶ܿĵķŷҵϣһȴԵøĲ
˸ϵĳݣʵôˣǽӣʹ㣿
ͷ۾ûյֹۺͼᶨСʵ磬Ҽһ᲻ҲλһѾ£
˵ںϵĿ־Ѿڲסˡ
ССĺӣʵۡ
ʵҲûףһ᲻ῴҰס
ʵ˵ҲûʲôУѪȻҲ̸ϣȴмͬ顣
һ̾ȴЦģǣ֮ء˵ѧڴ˵أЩ˷ô˵Ҳŵڣ۸˹
ϸ룬Ϊ֮˿صͷԣҾû뵽㱻סˣлл磡
ЦЦһԵĻʺȴЦСϣ㲻𣬺İһǧѾˣ֪ôѰءؼҺٲðһٺݵģ˵£
ҡͷͽ㵣ģһپʹһ٣Ҳ¡ǲ˾ͺã
ԣá
Ĳ˵ǰ˶ΪԸǺģȴΪԸġ
֮δԱƣҲδԱ
˼Ҳкڰ֮棬ֻʱԼţһԼɥʧ¶һ档
Ȼǰӣ;һǺܴˣԴơ
֮෴ģǻʺģܲ洧ˣƽʱûٰ򣬴ƤʵˣԲ´ɣ
ϲûգٺЦЦƽȷʵûٰ
˭Ƥ
һ޻ŴСǰͶǣ껨֡

կſջ
Ϊ̰˯û͵⼸Сﶼܿġ
˯ֽѾˣ޳
ã˵ò˼ܻˡ
Сɴ̴󣬺ϦദȻ̬ȳãΪҲͬһ
̬ȴ䣬ʮֳ谮͸ˡ
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һٶʮ С¼
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ԣͨ죬̧ͷΪЩʵֻǡ
λ磬ܲܣܲٿϼ졭
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࣬ʱɫšŲеˣǰһʮĸУ˭˵û׾Ͳˣ
ֵΪ˱˭ҷǮ˼ң˵ҲûţҲ˵ǴԼԸϵģȻ˭ǿӲɣĸп۵ģվ
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ѧʧأ޷óһз׳ڲȻ
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λүʱҲڴ·
šĸֺһֱ߰ıڱˣЩ˼úűһ仰ǲɽկλɽС
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ȻɽһƬȻ


һٶʮ 
ֻΪһɽǰеȣү࣬һֱĬ뿴ý̫аʦˣǺηʥ
ǳĿ㲻Щ⣬ʵʲôصġ
ƾһ꣬˵
ǲŵģʵ֪Ҳţѧö˶š
û̫Ѿˣ˭Ҷ죿
ʱ˵̫ݴˣ
Ҫģ֪

ҲˣԸȴҲض
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൭ԭ˱ġ
һΧٶһƬȻĿ˲ת
һɽǻеʣһͶ²ɽǾ˴ĵˡ
ǺУ˸е衣
ȴɫ䣬ǺЦˣɽկͺûϵǺͺʶ˼˵̫԰ʦңΪǺˣ
ԹϹˣ̫԰ʦꣿ
ɫҲȻˣʸڷϵ㲻Ҫ˵Ҵ޴⡣
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ֱܻϵ˵˵˵˵ĪҪѪˣ
ЦȥĿ䣬ŶˡҼɵ̫ݣȻȴҲԸֱӶԸԲŹҡ֪ҺҵĹϵԲңԼӴﵽ轪̫ĿġǱɰΪ˶Ը̫飬ϧǣ޹һŲ棬㶼µȥ֡˵ѧϣʥΪ֮ģҿΪʥӵܣȴ˶ĪǣҲϹ֮
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ƶƣ̲ס˸ĴָߣٵʵǸߣ



һٶʮ ·
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̫ǺЦɾֺαشȤң֮ɽ纣Ԩ
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ΨһֵҵģƵ̷ڰ磬ʮ˿ڵĻƹȳǲ
ȻںӵܱȻȾ׸ľ񣬵еһЩԮֶΣҲȻŻƹȳǵĹԱ𡢶˺;޼롣
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̫¶һۺ󣬹֮ԸҲ
ֻûһȥһӿջڴС񴺿ҹ㣿



һʮ 
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ֵôˣȥǰڱ̨ĳֺҦ־Ƿ֣һδţʣôˣ
Īɫ㲣ͨ죬ֱʵСûô
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ʺӵĿĿСɾ֮飬ūˡպūءӴ
û˵꣬;һѸݵפʱֶǰһ˿һնϣɺȻĿ
ż칦򣿣
ǰɱʳ˾˼ʱ｣ѼὫƵȵز
Ȼʸ߾̵ʱڣ˷٣
Ȼûи͵£ĿһۣԢˣ
ٸɧ˵Ĺҷն
ɣý̫¶ۡ
û䣬ȻǿƵŮˣ
£֮
Ů˵׻Ůˡ
ĵģȴķӦ
ֵŤŤħŮ̫ʧˡ
ڣǿ˹ЦĴָ
ʮֻϲҴ򲻹ûӣϷŪңֻܳ֡
ֶԽ̫顢µ֣ؽܵҵɽկңֻǸС
˻ʺĶҧһ̶ܻؿջ¥⣬˵ǶЦ
΢ᣬһۣ۽ȴǴһĨɼۡ

ССáݶڿջ˲ŴһϷ
ԼĺϷ
Ϊ֮ǰͬ˵Сﲻڴ߻죬ҪԼͬѡ
Ҳ˽ѧͣɽկʱѡһЩСµСŮʱһ飬Ľ
䲻Ľʲô˼ȴҲ¸߰˰ˡ
֮ͨ£ҲСƺͬദЩãǸ⡣
˽ձ㶣˷˴ʦʦ̫УЩСѾͷ󣬹˰ʮ壬һСˣ
̵ܴƴСûܷЩУѡһЩ£ʶֵŮӣ԰ּҩʵ̫æˣ˸æ
ȴ̴ȤҸܰæµģЩǧС
ѰռҵŮмʶֵģ
ֻͲסҲѰԹĿ󣬳˽ЩΪҲá
ϾѾ䵽ز
̰ѡģΪ٣С;һīԺڹؾվŵʮ߰˸СѾͷСҲƼݣ곤ֻʮꡣ
ģܹɣɽկǰڼϴԡ
ССЦԺǾͬˡ
СûЦãʵҪѣǰҲûУһܺô
ݺ磬̾ͰЩСѾͷ⣺
Ʃʲôˣʲôıģƽڼʲô£ԺҪʲô
̳Ҹţ׶ĿȾһױĵĻӡ
ЩСѾͷϣá
ͷһЩŮûҪЩˡѧԨԴʹıǴСĿȾҷСߡ
ŵŮҲûҪ˵ǲãֻһƲС
߰˰˵ֻ
ǳƶͥģ໹иܵܣƽǰŵտܵܡ
ȻףĳԲϣ۽£һǼˡ
ѡ˽ҪɢȥʱȴһЦīԺ⴫˽
̣Сֻ
ջŸ飬׼ȥʶʶѧ鵱СȫëէವһתͷȥˣϵЦݽˡ
ûĳһ֮лկû뵽硣
ӴСϽ
Ҿٵߣˤҵģ
˺ˣͷҲˣӭǣɡ
ϾСת˼ȦٵС¶ЦŽС¡
ȻǰɫݵĴ̣̿ϵТ
ԭѾѹĵ׵ıˣڿ˱ʱҲ̲סðͷû˵ɴ۾︡Ứ
С֮СϽ㲻ޣǰʱ򣬽ͬ˵ȥˣһǣȥҹҹˡҪǿ˹ĿĿ֣ҲῪĿ֡Ҫǿ˹ĲãǵĹͻȥСϽ㣬㲻ҪϲŶ
ԣϽ˫õĲﹾ˭ˣǱɳۣҺܸ˵ģŲޣ￴ҸˣҲˡҲޡ
ֻҲ֪ΪΣȴԽԽࡣ
ɥĸֱ֮࣬ü
С֮̾Ϣҡͷ˰ˣҡ
û˵꣬ش۾һѽٿϣȷϵǽ
˵̧žܣֻЩջ۷ϵˣòãԺҶ档
Ըˣģ
СԺ󶼲ܿˣһ󣬻Ҫޣˡ
һԲ˲ĺ˵ģȭͷϲԸҿޣҶɽСҲϣҿޣԺٿޣҾǸӣ
СԿЦǸӡ
˵գϡצץʱתܡ
ڼСѾͷмȥʹ׷ûһСѾͷһš
̼֮οһЦ׼ɽȥˣĲ

عŵߡ
ĪɻĿŶˣʦ㣬ΪҪǣ
˴˿ﻹǰſջʱĹ壬鶯ˣСɨһЩɰЩ鷳
Īʦ㣬˵澪ϲ
ȴҡͷʲôû˵Ҳʲô֪Ǽȥҡ
ǰûжɽ֮ȴԿ϶ҸӶկ
һ仰Ͽȱ£һ
߹񴺣կ׵ˣ񴺾û
ʸڷϣһ֤

կ˼°ɽɽС
Ϊǧһҩԡú󣬺ϸĵĽǧʯڸǺñ졣
²֪Ϣȵĺǧ񴺸˸޽ǵ˪ףжڣһᱣȫһᡣ˵գͷǧĶͷ
ģթѵİ䣬һᱣס
ȴûпͷ丸Ķͷʱǧľ֣Ȼ˶ָ


һʮ ʥ˲ֹ
կʮһɽկ
ԭһСɽŵأɽͷආһɢһɽկ
˵ɽկҲһЩա
ҲѰеɽйȫ¡
֮ǰ˴ؿɼֻҲ洦ɼ
ڣϤ𣬻һ滮ľլ
ȻᣬȴзĴ֮
ѵõǣһССկи׳
˶æµţȻ޻ЦҲû¶֮ɫ
ģǶ
֣ߡ
ָһɢζéݣĽζĽ̫
̫᲻֪Ǻδ
һʱĹŻ³
ΪЩ񱡭
һԭɫȻɫҲЩ־Ը
΢ЦҪС֮ѧԴΪȡɽǾס֮࣬˶񼲷ĿܡҪ֪֮ͨдߡ
ںεķæǽɽկǰϵʹŵѾù˵ı컹гʳˡɽկ˰Ѹҿó͸ǴãСǰµķҩԡǷãˣûСȥǳûô·ġ
ǺЦԣЩҪǻмֵҪͶ
ɾԺν⣿
徭Ůʿԣ⣬ʵ
ЦҲڣԻ˴䣬ΪˣڰޣߣΪһֻͶάִ˵ĴڣάԼ棬˻õλ˴λָ߹ٺ»еһ˲ͶͻܿڡȻȥеĵλҲһǧɡ
ԣЩףǵġ
ºͽ̫ƽһŴ˵ȵ޲Ϊ֮𶯡
Ī˵ǣﶼ˼
̵ʵСɾʹõأά壬ƽţΪеֻǣηֱ֮ū֮
͵Ŀ⿴һۣ͵ʿʼѣȻԽܣū֮ͣʵҲʵĳֿ̱ļֵ򣬴֮ʱԵ
ȴüͷЩƾʲôū۰գ
ɫΪʣԼϡ򵥵˵ƾʲô軧ΪأѰûСأǵʱʿﾺ档˵ȶǴëѪϹ¶Ǹʱ򣬴ʮƽȡɺǿ׳ߣ˸ͿЩȢޣЩӶûΪЧ󣬾ڵˡ
̫ȻڵɾΪ󻧾غ˰غ˿ڣҲǶԵˣ
΢Цԣ޹˵ԣΪҲ
ΪΪ˵
¼׷ʵ
΢ЦȻ֮ΪȻΪ֮鳤ʥʡΪģ֮ʹ޷֡ߣһʱߣʹ֮Ҳկڵ
ԣඥһ㣬۾˿ǳ
̫Ҳ׵Դƣʥ֮Ϊ˵
ЩЦĿΪѧϯ֪¾ң̩ʥأ°տ֮ӡʥ֮ԭΪ˱ӻղΪȴ°ŻѪʥء־֮ͬԣ
̫ԣɫһͣĿ⽥ָӡ
Щ۹ʶˣóڣῴ
ǡ
£ӶûкõĽ취ο
ֵֻܹɾ֮޺³
ԣѵڶǰĹЦʵʥкð취ģǧʥأַǵһ⡣ÿ꣬һѭ޷սͨսĥʣ˿ڣԼȡ̰ҡ
˸ɾˣ¼ɻָ̫ƽʥԾ֮ˣ㣬
ֻǣÿһΣ˰պֹǧ
׹ǰ˼
Է֮ͣΪҲѽ⣿
Ϊº֣ѧڲػѧ˽ǣԪˡ
ʱڱ̨ػʳ˾ѹѧ
Ȼʰ£Ҳѷѧ֮ѡ
̫ûзϣ̾Ϣһǧѳ޽֮ѡ
ںһֱûгĻʺѾ֮ǰ֮ˣĿʣδ˵ʥ֮ˣֻ˵ʥЩ壬̫̰񶾣ȴʥءΪĸʥأϿԼµӣΪ
Ǽġ׳ȴֹ
ݺݡһۺ󣬼ЦʥΪħ̣ʥǧһ𣬺֮ʥطһδսĶࣿ˭Ϊħ˭Ϊ
û˴Ϣͳúɾɵ˽ڽ֮
Цµ򵥵£ֻǴδա
ν⣿
ʥ˲ֹ
ʥնԿʥ֮
ֻ仰˭룿˭᣿
˭ָ˵
٣˿Ҳȥ˵
Ŀ׷ţ˶ٵΣССһկĿǰҡģǾУЩաʿ̾ϢԶСΪ֮СΪͲǧСԳɽ˿ˣ¿ɴͬҲ
ϣݣĿҲüᶨ׵ɾ֮ԣ̡֮֮ܽԸڴɽ䣬ɾʰ֮Уɾ˴
̫ҲͷΪҴ֮ڡ
󣬻ʺĿڹŹֵĿӣĸԸСɾţʹˣ
ѧϷӺͳǶ𣬷ɵӳ˺ơ
Сɾǡ
۹ƻĵı죬ʥУ˭ܼ
Ȼʥˣ
ʺĿŵβܽʥ̡
ȴظоһĽϮæ۹۱Ǳǹۿڵվؾء



һʮ ս
̫ɵӣ
λħŮ⣬ɽû˻롣
缳ˮ֮㣬ѧϰկһеҼ¼ɲᡣ
Ӫéޡ
Ǹ
Щ˶ˣʥ֮Ϊ׼ӲףϿִС
Ūӣһ޳ɲ˵ҲȤ
Щʥ˵֪ʶճԼ֪ʶ;飬ˣǰ⡣
ˣɫ֮ˡ
̫±ˡ
ԼٶȽµһЩѧϰպ󣬱㿪ʼʵ
ɽկ䣬ָ⣬Զ֡
ʵ
ټϳڵòʣܿȡ˷˴ʦʦ̫ԼֵλãȺУѧơ

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Ц˭û˼ҳĺã
һӣ𨲻
һŮ
ƴ˭ֵܵù
ҪȥѰֹæ£ɫӦԣġ
ϷģͳֻӬһӦС㲻˵ףҾͲˡѧ̫Ҫˣ
˺ˡ
ֵ壬˼ֲǹǹ͵ģϰǵ·Աݣûʲô˵ġ㿴
˵ţһֽݸ˷֡
Ľӹ󣬿ſţϵɢȥùŹʵСã
ǺЦϽˣùòã
죬̲סЦ
ֽϵʲôıΪЩյĺͯѧ׼С¡
µ
ô˵أе⡣
һկѰ˵Ĺ£д̣Ϊϡ
Ϊ˵ɽѵİգ̣֮ʹĺȥӼá
Ϊ˶ʡЩʳգÿԼԺٺٵķ
Ϊ˶ʡЩգԼ˲ƣٲǲҲ᲻ûµģӣ衭
̵ĺΪҪأ
˵ɽ汲ΪȣΪ֣һҪðˡ
ѵİǶþˣ̺ܿ֡
̵ĺԣҲ׷ЧһѰѣһæѧˣҲΪ־жԶǧˣһ
ɽµְǶס´зԡ
̺ĺǻǣ׷¶Ҹ΢Ц
ꡣ
ְ׵Ĺ£ķֿЦãԶԡ
΢Цʮ壬̹ѧѧþͿԿˡС»ԴԴϵĽãҲὫ´ؼҡ壬ģǵĹͣ˭Ҳȥ
ЦǶȿȣСⷨӣ̫ˡ
Ц
ҪСС£ʹǰСʱϢʱ¶жĲҪҪģǶš
СȥկҲڵײ
ԽʣԽ
˭
δ޵¶ߣν£
Ҫ££߷
£
̫ܴ֮¹֮Ьϰݣ¡
ַȥػڷ
ϥľϣ񽣻ת֮ɫ
ţ̫ˡ
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ۣĿ⺬ĺһۡ
Цʺͬ˵ӵĽôչ죬һǧҲٲŶԣȴûжŬ̿ࡣ
ľ΢΢ҡͷֻǿ̿࣬ϸĽ⣬ϵĽ⣬һľãټϡ
ټʲô
ǰὫ뻳Уʵ
һĨϼ⣬ټϣҶԽеƽ֮µĸչ٣һǧ
ﺬߵĺһۺ󣬴ɫԭΪԼĽ츳Ѿܺˣõ񽣣µİ罣⣬ϽӢźҲ
ͷǧƾһ콣ڱ̨ƽƽ˵⡣ϧûеõһִУĻ
Ŀ⾫տѾһ
ʲô
ɫһʵ
ͷ̾Ҳ⼸ղŷֵģѾܳһ򽣹ڡĳΡٸʱ䣬ƾ轣һΪˣڱ̨ݲ¶ֺС㳣˵ҵϰ˫ǧһǲЩ
е˿ϱ̬ô
Բض˵˫
ʺ̫һʱ˽ܣ£Ϊ˽ѧɽ飬ʦ
ټһոտʼӴѧѾչ¶ֲ츳ϡ
Щ˼Ӧöûкǧֲ
ʵǡ
ұڣ
ˣȻЩסˣһ㶼׵õȥɽģһҶˡ
΢΢һЦʱ䣬ֻҪδʥ㲻پ塣
˶٣ֵֻҪиڷˡһƤ
֮ãЦģұظӿճʱûۼҲͰˣûˡȻҵĵϣʲôʱ򿵸˵㣡ףҳݣң
ſջЦˡ
ףʵеѵġ



һʮ 
կɽ˼°ɽɽС
һ񴺿ȸʱ侲࣬ıʾ˻ӭ
ȥ̽Ӻǧ״ֻһ;ɵüͷзסһɫһ
ֵܣҵˣ
㷴Ӧ񴺼æʵ
˭Ϻүι˴֮ҩⲻǺϺү٣ǿ£ʱĴ֮ҩͷ綾к𣿿ɫ˲٣Ϣҳһ顣Ҳϰ֮ˣͲϺүѰ
ԣʱôûǡ
ΪδزǺ£Ϊ֮ǰһƬš
׷£񴺴ӽȡһóСϹʮžӨ͸Ϻɫӡ
֮д󾪣

֡ٲݾƪϵľŴҩ֮һȻܱ㵽
ĪǺҸӲǣ
üͷšĸǣսǰЩɽʱֵģժιҵ󣬷ɫ˲٣û뵽ҵĹ
̾Ϣһź񴺵ǧ˲ȶѷɫ䡣д컯ԭǺ¡Ϻүδֻһ룬㲢δдֻڡҡҡͷ
ô죿ҵ᲻ᡭ
ɲ֪Ϊû˵ֻ뿴᲻̰˵´ҩû뵽˵ˣ񲻸˵ԣ
׷ʵ
ҡͷô죿ֻΪϺүһ鵤Ϣ;ˣֻЧûеһκáұҪǿһ㣬ּȻңկѰҽΣ͸ҵĻǡȥԭôһָֻϣҲҪϾˡ
ϺүڵϢ󣬶һ˿ܶһȬϣ⡭
֮ԣ˫Ŀɺ죬ǵиûչûڵĶ޲ÿʯͷԼ
ˣ¶֮ģ˰ˣУз⼸ȻϢˣȷʵǿˣԺʩ룬սս˿©ֲع𡣲һҪ˵
࣬æֵֻܷԸ
ڴǺ㲻ҽģҪȡʣһһ룬Ҫһ¯ҩȱĵر
񴺿ЦҪֻȥǡزһ˵
ҡͷһһ룬һ룬ҲҪģ̰ͼıʣµÿշһö£سʦ֮ܣס
ԣĿĿһۣԭΪ̰ͼĶ
ȴֻĵףԺ㡣
û뵽
һ̾ˡ
ˣ񴺹ֵȻֵ˵Ǿһһɡԭʮöֻʮöˡֵܣȡö
ֵܣжĻҲ˵ˣҿԺ󣡡
ֵ֣ɽկŵùҲھʱǰѰԽڣеʣ㲻ǷʲôˡһҶһΣ鷳С䣬˵ȡһ뻹ռЩˣԺұлرԺֲ˵ʲôжжģһᾡΪϺүƵġĲ˵һסϺүҽһδزܾϺүˣһ¡
˵ţҫҦhԼˡĪƻǰ·ŵ˵һ飬׷ֺϺүĻδǳţС
Щˣеĺ޼ֱľҧȺһգؽնɱ
λĪƹѰ㣬ҲʸڷϵġĪ֣¹ϺүΣԼɽկ˵İΣҲǡ
񴺵ͷ޵ֵ겻󣬿ءûʱ˭Ų㣬ҲûôЩˡֻǣֵ׼ӦԺˣڱ̨ȻѾģ㲻ʹա
΢ЦɽկҲ֮ѧϯӽ̫黹ѧ徭ʿɽկͣټħʥŮҲң᲻ܲˣֻҪڱ̨㲻õġ
ԣûΪЩ˶ݣֵܣңˣ翿ˣԶŲҺҵǰ֮㲻ɲԶҪγʥ֮ˣһ֣š
ݣͷˡ

GֺԣһŲ֣˵կǣԭΪկ˵ֻһɽѨȻе㱡⣬Ҳû˻ţͽЦաضԣضԡ
ſջڣЩǸĽ̫Ц
һͣһ׵̬
̫Ҳڷ˱կεİգ²˼ĺøУΪկѧ²žġ
ƺϺ
һɽѸЩ£ֱ졣
Ծ㽪̫Խ˼䣬һЩ˵˻ȥ䶼ȥ
ЩԭҲڽһɽľǸԸʥ֮һѧβ
ûģֻԡ
˵̹̫鷴ǸΡ
û輦ڴ˴ѧ֮
ѧ֮ҲûҪعд
Ūɳ׾ӣĻҲˣƫ̬Ĩ档
ȴǳȥ󣬽̫û߼ͿɽկĶҷ֡
òΰˣ̫鲢ûòȡˡ
Ϊ֪կУ˳˴
ЦԵ󵱼ҵ˵⼸սӺⲩʿΪһЩ·ǣ
̫ͷȡ˹֮£ʵںա
ֵԭֻˣҲˣЩ˵һɽկ˵Ǻǻ˵ֻǣҼҴ󵱼ҷ޶˻˫ʮ껪ֽʶ罪˼䶥δǰ̱زССһɽկСԣ໹ܻЩԺȥ棬ܱ
̫ɫԹկֵܼ󵱼֮ţòڴˡ˼ңԼǡֻǣҰٰͣЩֻǲֶǿʵǡ
ֺǺЦ£һȻûӣһͷа
˵ţ䶵ͳһֽç֮ˣΪ˰󵱼ҺСЩѳ⣬뽪ȹĿⲩʿգ׵ˣٳʸ󵱼ҺСλ˾òʣ¾ա
̫΢΢һУӹֽҴҿ˱Ŀ΢΢Ź
ɵ𣬷ֳֵɣδûлɡ
ֻǿֵĲٴֵ£̫˲佫ӻϻ
дĶ
̫鼸֮⣬һ㽫ﶫ˷֣˿ѿģǳĹ䣬Կ£Ҳɾǡ£Щʱգܽ°á
˵գҡͷתȥ
ҪȥϴۣЩֽϵִѬˡ
ȥȴǺЦ
ȻС˵ûӿ֮Է
Ҳ۸ĸֻЩա



һʮ ʥ
ſջ¥ᡣ
һϣζЦĿŻʺϸϸͬ˵źû
ӺɽŰһϸȴҲ֪˰·Ļʺ⣬ˡ
ʺġŽٲ칦һһķѾѪħ
߹߲ȱĵرҩÿһνܽ˸ɶ
ˣÿÿƽ٣ľս޾ʹ
ܹ䣬̫̫١
֣޲ȡء
ħȻУҲ䲻ϣΪħ̽ͬŽٲ칦Ȼֲ
ʺȴû뵽ڴ˷
ħ̼鱦ĹžϣǰĴڡ
Ǵ߲ɵá
ʺȻ󣬿ħжû˵ȻҲԵõ
Ϊܾڰ˽ʺΣǰ齻
ֻǲûĵģ꣬ȴˣֻѾ͸
ʺֻܾ޴߳ܣСͬ˵û
һòҪ̫ĵرȻĻԽڣԽͻơ
ͻʦãֺܿһеʱǽԽԽãΨʵɵ֮ݡ
ҹ۽㽣񣬹ΨϣǷȱһ׸ƷٹҹΡ֪ϲϲ
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ΡгžСɲҪ120㹦ֵСɽڻ֮ͨȴһ±ǵ3000㡣
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ͷǡΪΪʥ彣̺߽⣬򽣹ڡ
ЦЦ̫㣬мǲ˵СҸӵ٣Ҳֻܱ֪Ҫ֪ôһж˵꽣ڣ𣬱ʥصӰڡǲ֪ܲһ㣬ȻˣֻҪ콣Ĵڣֻһ޿ʥˣ˴Ҳء
ѵȴһʱڣͻƳʥĿܡ
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ЦȻҪ̤ʵأչ׳󣬵ȻҪơǷȱĶ̫ˣʳֻһǽЩɽկѹθɾճũ߸ˣɽկũﶼ첻ǻҪǻҪұ˲ţľũ򡭡ɽկ̫Ҫ׳ֻ
ͷǰɽկֻΪ棬Щ˶ʵǻʲôزأ
ǺЦ¡կһҪư£ΪΪۡûҰģֻǾȥáҶԣЩֻΣһԶĵһԼϲ£Ҫġ
ҹ£ﱳŷǰУŴٶȻףĿԼ䣬ŨŨ



һʮ 
ſջͷ
²δֱӻطǽ˽̫鷿䣬ЩʵԨɾѴҶ˲δ֣ɻ˲٣
̫ĿĿһۣҡͷСǸ侲֮ˣǵĿԵġҹҶ˶ɱ½ϢػΪħŮʱʳ˾ɲʥؼԼΥΪɣɱ¾죬ʱŻἬ֡
̾Ϣһβ֪£ֻǡ
δ̫е⣬ʱס˿ڣ̣ͷԨɿб·
̫һһ̾룬ʧǧصˡң뵱꽣ʥ֮ɣʦʥܣεӢˡ
Ŵԣɫ΢䣬̧ͷ̫飬Ԩ˵ܵõ˽ʥĴУ
̫ɫת΢ЦҡͷڣĴ󲿴жںǧУûⲿֻƾϽ⣬߲һġ
ԳһǾͺãǾͺáɾеٳޣ壬ʵ̼û³
̫΢ЦףȷһתܽתѧЩǿ
ĿĿ̫ҡͷ̰ģֻǴ˽կУֻ֮Ǹ¡ڱ̨ΪҪû콣ɽҪɱҸӲɣڣбǹؼǻ߻ʳ˾֪˽ʥ彣կУǻ᲻޶ԣ
ԳĬƥﻳĵ᲻
Եǹɽͷӽ̸ù̫İʦ֮ѧ˶Źᡣ

ҡͷСɾ˾ӦģԨ㻹ĪҪˡСɾʵ£ȴΪһΪ鲻Ϊȫġĵ֮Ӳϡڣ˱˴˽顣
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Ů˹ȻƴȨ˾С£ȴײ֪ж˷ģ첲ȥա
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ȻȴǺǺһЦﱳϹֵʿ£СвʣУֻޱ
ԣ׵۾ʱһ΢΢ʵɾǷд󰭣
Ц޷ЪϢһޱá
ŷӦЦˣɾСֶͷ󣬱һݡ
ĿһֱۣһЦݡ



ס֣ĳ˰Ħʵǰȥˣе̫ˡ
ɫΣ˵֮࣬ЦӲˣ
֮£һֱˡ
ɣҲ
ڣںӣ˫Ⱦͽǡ
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ҡͷǳԴףʦ˵ҪΪɼ檣׳ּҲ᷸ʡⲩʿС
˵ᶨһ׹Цܲᵣ̰ĽȨƣ뻻ȱȥүɣ
ﲻЦ˵θãֻܳȴҲҷˮĻͥ
ۣ
ⷬﲻʧЦ΢ᣬҷ㣬ֻǿóѧĲʿƻʺͼʿķϡʺ֮欲£µȴǲʿΪõġ˶أƻرΪ㸶һᶯġݹأΪ檣ʱݲңҲҲء
أԣѾһֱˡ
ԣϵЦݣѣ˵пܷʵδ뵽⡣֪֮ģλ᷸ȴס΢΢֣İɣҵĽᷢӣһһ䡣ݻвɹ֮գ֮¡ΪҴɹߣ㡣



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峿á
կλ˾ڣΣλҡ
У˴ʦλ
񣬷˴ʦȴϣһҸ嵨
յõؼڴ˼䡣
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ȴ룬կУȵҽŮٵɽկأԸԹ
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Σȶһ
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νʿΪ֪Ҳ
ﲻǸ໰ˣǱľġ͸˴ʦֻ΢΢ף΢΢ɳʵ˾䣺ĪҪʹա
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ڽҶ̣ɫһɽҲСӣʲôʧȥϽģʹˣԭһ֣Ѿˣȴǿ󡭡Цƨ
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˿ɴͨζʹ澭һ˴ѨϤͨĵؼһֵغ蹵һƽ
͹ȥ󣬷֡ɽܳɵʼ뷨˳ֵܡ
ಫկĺȦ
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Թ֮ʦ̫СãΪ֮жᡣ
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ѵȰһأﶼá
Цᣬֳɰ帺𣬵´ƣǵɽιµķ֮УȴʵҪ׳⣬ϢļʱҲҪɽʵ̫ƫƧˣҲ̫ңԶЩ´Լֳǣƻ˶͸ˡկҪɽû鱨ȴǲɵġڰ壬ģ׵ġ
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ҡԼҡңʮϸС
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ͷˡկĿǰԣŽ𲻺ʡңկһˣѧ̫İʦϹɽǡжǰ˼ңȴѪǰɥ󣬾;̣˵⼸ңǱҲҡֻ֮Ҫ浶ǹĶ֣һֶνԿʩ֮Ρ͡ȵȣԲֺ
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һ߽ɽʯ֮ٸཬǽһߡ족ĿŽ̫
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̫ϵɾ｣կУǻǸ֪ǧǰʥ֮У߱ؽֶǰᡣɾȻŵùңβݽѧУǿУɾʵ֮
ЦЦŽ̫ʵ֣ģ



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ЦǱ칤¼㳭д˱𣿽ֿɴѧ¡ԭΪԭ֮ҲͼźҪ˻
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һ̾ĹֵۻҲ250
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˿ãڽҹͬȥ
ԥĳһ桭
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Ů˼ֻжʮֲ֪Եʣһź쳾ĶϣֶƣҲŵζԵýζˡ
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ʺԣΪͷŵһЦ⻹ࡣһȻϢԾջ
ϣ󣬱Էֿǰȥæˡ



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ʦǿߣȴƨҷһˡ
Ϊ˼˵ˣЩʫʺ󣬲ǰҹȵİٻ¶ˡ
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ȴҪͷ˼ңȴòҪĶ
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ܲпϲ
Сɳһ·֪һľդȦСԺУһͤ£һɴŮ︧١
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ԣĬãɺ֮ʱȴĵʾѾ𣿡
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Ϊɢ˼ʥ̸߲㼴ʸбص䣬ԾֻС
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ҭ˺һݺݸ£Цôļҵһɽѣļҵ
ٺһЦվԽԽģǧɽװ¡ԣӻҪٵɣ
˵գЦɽȥ

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ҡͷѧҽϰ벿ٲݾھŽҲЩĵãԲܶ㵽ȥʾѰңһвҲԶҲܷ˲ˡֻ跨ƴһҪôħҪôơ
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֪ڰȫڣķɿ˫ǳֱӿ
֪أͷһûоܾ
׽и
һЩе˼ѹĵףȻ˵ͷӦá


կһԣһɫµĻʾǰ·ĺڱ̨ǣִŭ֮£˫Ŀ죬λ٣˹ȥ
ԾʦĹڱ̨ǱþԲвǡ
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ʵ̫ʧȥ˷硣



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Ȼ⻰˵ûͷûβɵﻹ붮ˢһ·ɺ죬ݺݺһۺתҪɫԶЩ
ȻͨһеǣţͷȥͼҪ۷չµĳˣȻվˤڵء
Ǳģ͡һЦ

죬Ҳģ
īԺڣͷ£һͷһյ蹦ͼ˵ף̻һ
ȵ۴ʿˮϣ첻ٳˣ
ȻͰ͵˼ֲִľսļȥ⡣
ǵǵүɽҲ찡
ʵѾܶˣרڲ߲һڹ˾ˮ׽㣬ϰ˳ԡԱˮȻ˼׽
ô̸Ҳ㡣
ﵽ׻⻵ƦĽ͵ö컯ģ˰ɡ
ҡͷãҳ˷ѣҲ˷ѣŰɡҲһҪ취ѽиˣһСģҵøŬ׬Ǯҿ
˿УԲһʶ
ЩˣųݵСԹϴȥʦḧЦ
ΨС۽򰡣Ӵˣ컹ҪףݽҪˣ򡭡
ĵǳЦУ׳СŶû£㲻õңˣ͸ÿٿҲҪȥ
ҲֻܺСˣ϶ʦһĵĿĳˡ
С쿪ǣԺݽؼȥԷ
룬ⲻðɣ
СС⣺ѩ̶ЩݽļױʡһЩˡ
˼ǿԺѩ˵˵
ˣ
֪ſڿӣֻһۡ
ȴǴӻ﷿Ĵʵȥˣ˵Ķͷϵ˵㣬ٺ˵˵ϸǵƤ
ֶСҲǼҵˣԵĻû࣬ɲ˵
Сͷ
ȴۻػ﷿ЦеСһҿˣСһҺˣҴȥɽӣ׽ԣòã
ЦŸ˸Ķͷһȥɽÿ춼ôֻ࣬
ϣҪʳѪ⾫桶񹦡ģд컯ףĿǰЩϻδʦѪ⾫ڵľ磬Գѣ
Ľȫңžܾｫ컯Ľ飬˶˷ѡ
ŵԣҪСסһҪΪӵСٴνһͷһ˸ɣɾڽǺ󣬶ЦҹǷ޶ˣٴһ

ҹദʱվˣܾԼƫ˵



һʮ ɨä
⡭
⡭
Ϣδſջδʱ㾪˿ջڵһʦС
ûһ̫顢¡ʺˡ񴺵˲ԼͬǵɫˣԭȷǷɿ½ʦ֮˺һû°;
ôܣ
ԭΪλ˴ʦͻˡ
ϾѾһ۷壬ʦֻһ֮ң
ټ˵կõ˵ؼͻҲпܡ
˭֪ͻƵ˻ûͻƵ˾Ȼͻˡ
ôܣ
Ϊеĺ񴺶𾪵һͿֱӴӿջ¥ΧŲš
ҲһṦֱӹһ֪Ĵ
˿̷Ƶ˿û֮ǰʱôȸԾ͸һȻǶˣܲϲɱɱԾɲòٽһ
˵ʵ޷ܣ̫ﶼĲУ֪ɾ͸ʲôɷ̣
ʾ⣬ȴߵ£ⲩʿΪʵԺɽʶòɾʦ¡͸ǣΪ²ƣϧ֮Σ
ˣ
գգֵۣһ䣺ʥԸ󺣲ƽ
ȴȻ˵˺֮£ֵܣܷҵɽկУѰչһڱ̨Ѿ϶ҺҸӶٶȥ岻󡣡
Ե˵ͷɡ
񴺺ǺһЦǾͺãҾûк֮ˣֵ£ҺһݡһδֵˣҲδֵ֮¡˼ϲ
󣬵ھȥ𱳵ҩ®Ҫתȥ
֮ǰз쳣Ľ̫¶ۺûжԺҸ֮£ɾ롭ȥѰЩϻ
δڣǺɫֱӶˣͷΪ֮ڻǣʧɽկ뽨ǧ䣬ºʿ㻶աǣݺýʳȴǡկ콫ɽҰ޴ˣҲǧ˵ĿԣԸȥұɽԡһկǧԼԴԴǰɽկѰһ·ǰȻȹһﶬҲʵʣ
̫ԣ̾Ϣ˶ٵɾ֮ǰѾͬ˵ãѰһЩӯҳͶƣȡƻôΪҪȥûһ͵˵ڡ
ӵ˵Щ¼붼ûڶЩΪѡ
ɫԭǴˣѾڿǳļҶ֡ǣһֹ˴ƻԭܼ򵥣ҲܽѹתֺⲩʿͷϡµĺɶλеȴںʵǾΪԣ˶Σ䱳һʱ˺Щˣһλѹȥ󣬶౳һΪѵ
һһʵʹµĶ䣬üֵɾ˴ʴ壬ΪΪ֮Ϊ
ЦһұΪɽֺξһֻǲʿΪ֦Ҷݹء
˵ˣ
¼΢΢ɾΪһ֮е֮£ΪЩգΪ²ɾͬȥ
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˴£ȥý
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ԣ滺ɫʶĿ֪ΪЩ顭
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ʺ书ߣԲĵĿ⿴ĿƺֻŮ˲ܶĶ
ʱɽկ˶ʶ֣Լִ󶼲дҾáʶ֣飬Ͳסý콥࣬ڵ磬ڸɽկЩɨä࡭
ʶֲ㲻ΪƫԸħŮħŮˣ
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Цʶ֣Ϲʶ֣㲻ѧʣҲϹ
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һԵĻʺȻ֮Աǣ̫·ΪΪ¡
Įģոհ۷ĺȴ𶯲ѡ
ʶ֣ѧʡ
𿴵˺ƺö࣬һǧﶼδһֵġ
ͺǰÿÿԴѧ繷Ȼһ£ȫ񱾿ʵҲչٷ֮ġ
⻹ʩĳɹ
ô֮٣һЩˣǧһΪ
ѰĶȻʲô粻ֲܿѵá
ǺȴǣɽկЩǣĽ룬պҪձɾ
Щʶ֡
񴺳˳ǣЩ񣬸Ϊٷ򳤣
ڴǿУҲÿٷ򳤶ʶ֡
֪ؾУ߹ʶֺͲʶֵľٵ
ȴη½⣬ʶֵľ٣ܸõִк붮þ˼ĸҲʹࡣ
կǧӣĲ˵ܴһǧʶֵģټԱ
ôȴʱЩʱƾһǧǸɣկһ֧ʮ
ʮħǵȹЮΪں֮ڣǿ
Ϊ͸˼ĺ񴺣ļֱͶأ
̫鿴ΣЦɾͨһȻͽΪʦ֮
ˣҡҡͷĿ⽥
ΪǼһ֮ӣȻڷ֣ĳ˱ȣ㡣
δŵͻƷʽ
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ʵڿֲ
֪һȥ֮˷ָ˾㤣Щ
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⻰ȫǼٻ񹦡ǿɳʥľƷ칦ֻڻͨҪʮ򹦵µ㡣
ϽÿһҪĹµ㶼ҪʮϷϵĻ˸ɵ룬δشյô๦µ㡣
⻰˵ļΪ̹
̫ԣϸ˿ĪǣΪɾ֮ʦ֮ʣ
ЦҲ֪ǷˣܸоֺµΪֹ̲ʱһΣܾǻǸ
̫ԣ˿ͷɾԼǣҶʮأ꣬˾»Ȼ֪ɾ֮¡ȷ֪
һлʺ񴺻ЩϵĶˣʦһǰκǡ
ǿԵĻҹ׼֧ʷǿصأ
Ȼ󣬾͸ʳˡ
궬죬կҪĸʣҪ֧͵ǿˡ



һʮһ 
ʱʦֱκ֮⡣
ҹҹɫδ꣬ȻƲסգһ˿ǹɫ
Ÿ߸ŮǽϻѻҫܵѲʿﻹлʺ˶Щ⡣
ǰûɭϡ
ǲֿǱ߱ˡ
üͷ΢
￴⡣
Щ£Ϊ˶Ϊ֮
ʺȴЦһΣλʦһȺϺзɣ˸ãԺ󶼲͵͵ˡ
ԿһۣʺҲһ˫ǵۿӣȴִһ˿ǿв̣ҲգȥϸЩҪ⡣ʺ죬
һ޻Ṧóע⣬κǡ

ķջֲֿڡ
ʺ𴽽ЦҾ˵ɣǵ֣Ƿֵĵ
Ȧҡͷˣһˡ
ô˵
ʺͲ䳰ȷˡ
ҲȤεô꣬϶ٽ뢶ܲ·Ļʺڶʱᰫһͷ
ʵҲǶһֱ޷ĵҪԵɣ˵ͨ¡
ĶⲼ
ʺҿ˿Ҳûʲôϻδȥ
ǴĴ֮ˣֻΪʦǿߣȡ㲼˵Ҳ֪֪ˣҲðͰ͵ľϲǡ
С
վſ⿴ʵʲôûУ
΢΢üôĻջôֵҹĻƶûУԣܲԡ
ʺõȻʲôǻǲɣ£͵
ҲգǺһЦ
ڻʺ˼ſջ˴֪
ȻպλүŮˣԲƽࡣ
˿ʼ
ź񴺣ǰҩĲֿ⡣
ں񴺵λ֮ӵˣЩڴġ
һشɽһֺ붼û
ʱ󡭡

źõһš򡱣Ǻҩϸһ󣬳˵
ʵ֪Ѿ¶ûָҩĲֿѰʲôҩˡ
˼ֲɵὫҩ͵
ǣһšһĶٿ񴺣ѾЩľˡ
Ƕϵ֮

񴺱ķëЦһʵòһúɣ
˳ǣǧݵ֥Ҳ֪ôᱻ
ԾŴǧ֥
Уǧ֥ɻ׹ǣ˰շҪǿһ֡
Ҫǧ֥
ҡͷ֥¡䲻ǧ֥ʹ˹֥ɹ̱Ԫ׳ʵҪǣ֥֥ûˣһֱһƬܿ³һƬֵߡԪʦ³Чǳá
ԣЩʧһΪ֥ˣҲòţȥɡ
ЦҪ֥ţʧҩЧˡ֥Ҳ֪ĸ깽ҵˡԪϺүмĺôôֵģ
ԴΪˣЦҾô˷ͺȻҽ£ԵְաֵܶЩҸǱ߾Ϳˣ
Ƭ̣ϺүǱ߾Ͳض˵ˣԻЩϺүһջָǾͶһֱϡҲ˵ôԵȥûԵ֣
񴺰Ц̲̲ҶϵüζҩȥĲֿתתɡ˵գԹ˳ţĿⷿѰȥ
Ȼûãһݷݲɽժҩĵһ󲼴ʱȴ񴺴Ҵҽֵܣʲô
ɫ£ûе飬źƹⷿһ䲻۵Ŀⷿڡ
һţ۾ͶȻⷿڣڷŵľȻǴ
ʱӦǿսԼ
Ҳǣвʦı
˵ֻܴУ˵һңʮϸŶ˽ء
ҵӲС󶼸˽졣˵ʳµͳΣѾҡҡ׹ĵزˡ

Ժ۾Цÿ꣬ȻᷢһδսʮأʮءôõʱѰջҸţз׷ûɵӣ뵽Ǿ벻ôأۼδظȥˡ
˵ͷźвڵҰģ֪ʲô𣿡
񴺺Īֺ
Խңկܹչ׳ĻҲԽ

ϸǶһۣȷǡ硱󣬷룬Ȼִɱ²¿ǻ᲻Ըǣ
ԣɫ˲ˡ
Ҫüʮܴǣһ˿ȫ˵ĶûС
ɫÿʱǰ涸ȻһХ;ƴɱ֮
ɫ䣬ǰ



һʮ ߿
ͣһϹͷŲƷʦҲ͵Ϯ
ʺһƬâУλҼߵĿϣһЦ
˵գλҲֻƷʦæͷЦ󵱼ȻͬƷȴȸƷǿ
ﵭһۣȻֿλϡ
λ߷ԼĽǶ͵ϮϢʮֹ졣
߹̼ĻʺͶ˵þ˵
δñУһ˫צɢɭİ׹⣬˿𺳵ĿŶˣ벻ͨԶλ书֮ǿȼ֮£
ﲻǶ໰֮ˣʺȴɫЩҸŻƵİ²壬ֺοЩƲȻ̬ĳˡ
ɫŹ֣²⣬ȴԵ·ÿʩ಻ϣj֮λһĸˣţҿ
֮ˡ
ԾʦôЩڴӪ꣬ҲһƷʦƷʦ
ңҲһƷʦ
ǰֵֻǸƷʦʵ
ûֵģȻ󿴵λ
˵ʲô
룬Ķڷ
ıʲô£Ϊĸ֮Ȼ᲻֪
Ļۣ£ҪбҪǮǲȱΨһǷȱģѹ˵ʦǿߡ
Ȼ˹ؼʱ򣬳͢ɳһλƷʦնףǾΪˡ
ʵϣʳǧĳľ
ܽǰλ֣ǳµĿܣ񲻴ӣ
˼󣬻ʺЦҵһùɱ˵ССһңʥ룬Ҳ࿴һۡǵģٲƤ
˵˶񶾿̱ɫʱɭȻƲԳԷƣΪƷʦ޵У棬ϷȻ֣޵ǣ
䣬͵һ˦˫䣬ֿھһŨŨĴ̱Ƿ۳գۼҪֿ⡣
ͬʱϡݶȻһ
ֲǣֿĵذ壬Ҳݡ
ƥ̻׷׹䣬ºڶ֮Укڻȼգ֮Ŵ󿪡
Ȼ·ŵľ֮أ˺ͻʺδʧ롣
ֶΣԸѰ֣ߵԸһƷʦ䲻£ܹ䲻ȡóɹ
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˺ͻʺǶУΣ֮ʱɫĮ񽣳ʣУֻХ
ն
һ˲ʢꡱһͷִĸնϣ
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Ȼһɳȴݶվϰˣ׼ˣ˳֣̰⶯ʸ籩㼲
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ȴΣ壬һƬ˷ɢ
ֻһžžƬȻ飬ȴҲ˵һ
Ȼû뵽｣ȻزǵȷǾ֮䣬ۼϮɱڷ´һͳġתۼʧںҹС
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һصĽŲпײ
һƽת֨֨ѽѽз顭
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Ķ֮ǰĴɫʱص˼㡣
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΢΢ҡͷƳȻĻʺᡣ
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Сɾ¸ô죿
ʺʵ
٣档
汻ôס԰ʮܴ׼ǽҹΣˡ
ӳȥҪһҴս
˶ԼȴһȦķջĲֿ⣬۵Ĳᡣ
ˣȷӦľǶˡ
˳ǣһĨЦ⡣
ֱӶɣ䶵ȡȼߵһֿ߿ţȥûãŨð
һۣﶼ̲סЦЦȻһݻС
ֿﶼǸ̻Щƥ˿һŻȥȼ
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ܴüɫķջүܻĽŻ˾پȻ
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һʱ䣬ҡ
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ȻΪʱͼӰҴӻջмٷɳڰΧ仹δӦһ˲ʧͬ
ˣɫˮ
ʦΪôֱʣ
ѾܹȷϣЩʦԺηˡ
ÿǵģǸνЩȺ
ֻȻɣڣ뻹ѧ

ʹ죡
СɾҪҹⳡǰ˵İȥˣġ
κۺ󣬺񴺴ЦѣʺȻҲãֵЦ
Ϊʹݻͷĵѹֵ϶Ĩ΢Ц
Ȼȴ£Ȳߣٽǣ
Цһͣѵֵܣռ˵֮㣬ȷ˻𣬲û˽ȻĻǧ֮ԾΧԴƣ˵ԽȥˣʱٽȥǲЩΣգ
ҡͷ˶ķջǱߣҵĻջֿ϶û˹עһܲÿֶأһ⣬ȥţҵĴתһתţҡҡ⼸ȻʵԶԶȲңһɽկǴ´ġ
̲סë߿ա
ݶˣ˶ýҹʵգǰλүȥ͵
û˵ʲôʺЦ˼ûԼҪġѴùģԼؾǣο䳰ȷ˭ǷĲɣ
㡭
ԴŭŻʺǵⲻڳиǽâҪԼˣ׼νԡ
ȴͷϻ˵ȥľͿȻˣսپ
˵գһκǳǽϳţһջȥ
Ȼϣԭأ֪뵽ʲô󣬾Ҳȥ



һʮ 
ֲҲһңţ˼һ붼Ȳ
ʺ˰죬Ǿû˼ķջƷḻԹ
ٵģֲģǣ㸶Ǯ𣿡
ʺⷢӣͬ˵æȥʵСɾҪҪȥʲңȻɱǣĲͷ˰ɣ̣̣ղЩ˲˺󵱼ң̣Ҷˣ
ⷬ˵һԵĺ񴺺Ͷ˶ܲˡ
ŵħŮͱ˺Ͱ͵Χ˼ҷ޴ת
˼󵱼Һʲôɣ
ⳡֱ죡
Ůһۺ󣬵ڻǼѪʱ򣬵ʱһЩǱǣסʥصľ˵Ȼɱ䣬ѧһӲܡʲôֻǲԸ˷ѾҲýΪѡ
ʺΪѵôˣ˵ѻ͸κǰ춼Ǻģ˲֪ʣѵѧͲңǽʮϸŵĶңǸһ״ѧ϶Ѱ鷳ֱ˺Ƥ˵
ɱڣûнڣЩһãûѧǲܵġҪң죬ѧͻˡɽկڣҲסѧ⣡
ֽһϴһѵҲ˵ȥǰѶ͵һҰɣƷʦУЩ˲סҰռ꣬϶кö
Ҳȥ
ʺ˷ܵ
˳ǣ˶಻㡣
ʺˣ֮ǰϹϮɱҪң󵱼ҵ˵Ҫˣʴ󵱼ң
΢΢ס
ʺһףǴʥȥģҸǰʹǺЦˡ
룬ּûзԣԺ񴺵һ⣬¹ݿ
޲ɣһٲԣţСֿⶼպ󣬳κǡ
񴺺Ͷ˸𽫻װ¥ͬﲢʺ۷κǡ
ȥ󣬶˿ϹǳЦȴ鹦򣬽һƥƥڷŽ¥ĺ񴺣濴
񴺵˵ͷûжԡ
֪ںڱ̨һоߣ벻ͨɽկɽѶҪַﱸҲ˵ǣֻȾʣʳԶܱȵġ
񴺺ǺһЦĿǰկһҶȲΣʦ㣬ħλϼҶҪˣ֣㵱ɵ𣿡
ü˵Ҳ벻ͨĿġ
ȥЦݣͣϵĻƣ޷㣺һħ̴췴ΪΣʺҲկΪկʥľʵסͻƾŽٲΪռĿꡣֵҩȾž봫Уϡ
˵˵ͷҡҡͷҿһءħŮĶˣȻģֻǡ
ֻʲô
񴺵Ҳô˼ܾﲻԡʦŮˣ˼ϸ壬˵˵ﲻԡ
ҡͷ˵壬ܾãħŮկһ˫ʱЩǸΣԲŻ֡
飬ǸΣ
üͷҲûȻչüͷ˼˵ǶġȻģıҲ̫˺
˵գζŮһģԼ޷ա
ͷһݺݵ˺һۣвҪǸ۸Ʒƣƣ
˵գתȥ

㡭㡭
Ȼƻ
κңҼ鷿󣬻ʺֱ˾š
ֵĶǱ˵˾֮࣬Ҳġ
ˣҲѧϯӺ徭ʿΪ֮㵹
˭뵽Ὥаƻ
ֲá
ʺЩ޷޲ƽЩ˷ֹš
ֲǰ˼ضûã
ʺɫȻ죬Ȼ࣬ڡ
Ϊǰо¶ڶе׹ڡƻϵЩ£ΪҪǶһѣʲôʲôʲôʲô
ȴһۣƿ͸룬ûôȤ
ȻתͷͬӦôҶһǰղһһǧ֥
䣬һϲҵˣ
תͷȥͼʺתһ̨ǽڴһܻ򿪣¶ܺһ
ʺƫͷüЦҲи֮ˣŶ



һʮ ջ޷

֣
Ŀʺʺ֪ʧԣһЦһèȽҡ
һۣ֮ڡ
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ʮּ򵥡
ľϰչޣһľϷһЩᣬһЩ˶ѡ
ʺȴչޣװĶѪףƲƲ졣
ȻѪֻʥܲǰŻߵͼײͬġ
ʥڲӵܼϣֻҪΪʥ㹻ĹѫʥذŵôͿһѪס
ʥӵѪһòϣȥˣЩాĳϣѪ׷ݶԼ壬ɼ巷ȥά
ˣկĲçɽկֻҪϸ㹻ĴۣлѪס
Ѫȴ̸ϡ
ٶڻʺǿʥŮ˵ֵʲô
ֿ˿ЩᣬȻϵȱ䵽Ҳ㲻Ҳǲѡ
ȴ䲻һҵĵ̡
ҿ˿üǸңЩʲô
ʺǴ˼˭֪Ѱ
ԾɨأԳңаģһҳ
Ȼȴδȥ΢УһȦĿȻһչ϶˶٣ϸۺǰȥ
֮죬ǰ˿Ҳûʲôش
ȴ΢΢˫ȥǸչޡ
עѾչˣԼϣܺãܱ׼
ȻʱȴһԴ̶ġ֨ѽ𣬰ڷʮֻչ޵ľܾٶȻƶ¶һҡ
˿̹˲Լҳλɴ۾˿Сңֿ˿ǸչޣԾĿ⿴˼ӣôֵģԿš
֪ģɻ̲סЦЦչ޽Щ˳
ϸȦûֵﲻͬԼŮ˵۾ǻ۽𾦡
ϹĻʺŶ˹һûӣ֮ԷֵĲͬҲΪһ㡣
˸磬ȴ˸
ֿ죬ĽСңսȥͷһۣ̾
æڣͼһɵļӣ¹Ų㡣
ÿһ㣬˳̵Ѫɫס
Ө͸ҫ£ɢӯӯ⣡
ɫӳļÿ
ϵףȻÿһֻʮö¼һȴһö
ɽʲƸѰ˵Ƶϸɵй
˵ӻͳһ˿ڻʺ£ȫװ
ҹԭʹ㣬ܷѰЩá
Щɹ衣
˵ҰѪҲܽ棬ɵ磬뵥ҰѪǽǧɽеﶼץͬʱʮһ̲ͣĳԣпٶȡ
һﲻϲ⣬ҲԼŮ˳һɽ״棬ʵ
ҹȻһҸţ̲ס
װգͼߵһͣ£طһף
ͼ΢΢ڽţ߲棬ȡһֻ߳ںڶ̹˿תݸԡ
ӹִ֣˹Ȼصĳ棬ңʱɫ
ʦʵĻġ񹦡˾ҾЩ
Ծʲô֮ǿ
ҡͷ֪ʺվߣǰ˴գϸ̾죬ⲻϳʵ۳ŰӦڳʳ﹩ţ
ԣ˿߶̹ộӦ߾ųߣܿôֻܲ߸߰ɣ
ʺԳӣСɾǶˣѵ֪ϳֻ߸ߣһɲ
˳ǣûŹ⡣
ԭΪһʦʵѾˣѰǿ֧Ųľǿ֮ҹϡ
˴˹ƹֱֲϡ
ȻսԾɲǿεϴ˰սԲκγƷʦ
һ㣬Ʒʦδûһսɱ֮Ŀܡ
лӣ
֣رлȴ΢΢һǡ
ٺһЦ˾аĸţղ˲ٺö
ʺϲֹŶСɾơ
￴ȥֻ鼮
ʺױȷʵ˲ãȻؼֲƷʦϡ
¾󲿷ֵؼʥУϽй
ȴʥ⣬ӵеؼߣֻʮţʮͳʮ
֮⣬編˳ĽҲУȻǻ֮أвԤ쳾£ͬһؼϡ
ͨĵؼϡ١
ȻһЩĿܶࡣ
ȷʵСơ
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˲ͷͳɣһ˻ˣ˵ûҪɱ䣬ǲɱʱΪһҺѧֵá
šʺױɣЩƵײϾײϣʥɱѧܰΣ
ɼջתȥʺؼװվû
Ҫţȴһߣһ̨ߵľմϻͣѸ

˵ʲô
ķջϸλʦһһεҼ壬Ḯ˵鷿պʼղɽɫͦסȻɫ䣡
󲻵˵ֱ꣬ӶԿϵٴҹ鸮
˫ǳ죡
ټһķջˣȻҲʹᣬ˽Ƕ㲻ϡ
ǼСС鷿ˣȴԪˣʹ裡
ʳƥˣȻ򣬵ֻҪʹӣվ򵽵ĵط
Ȼ鷿Щδȥ
ϴ۵糸ϻḮѾճɷ鷿ַ˶˻Ρ
Ѿجģһ˿
¿ķһڶ֪˷ˣ

ӽǰĲȰ裬߽棬˺ڶ
Ϊֵܷһңδػֵᷢڶ
˵ڵһûر߳ŭŵĻ
ˣҴҡ
ֻǵ˵һңкжĵڶڣҲ֧Ųסеľʹͷ³һͷѪ˹ȥ
ٻǰȴѾصķӣ

κ⣬ض飬񴺺ǺЦˣ
Ц׼һں޽֮¡
ЦǾͺá
ʺλСأ
ʼ磬㿴Ǹɿô
ʺյʲôҲûҲ
񴺺ǺһЦûлش𣬶
ЦȻΪʳĲԣʮڲ䡣
ԣЦһһݺͬʺͷͬһ¥
ʺһɿ۷Ϩˡıλ˼̧һװƥ¥һ۷կ



һʮ ʺ֮ı

Ϊһ޵ķڣһ˻صɽկʱѳСһȳȴվɽ㡢ȸԾ
ԣһЩݵСѾͷһ鼸˵ȸߵʯ飬һһ´ľս
ɽԾһĻҲеɽկ֮
һСѾͷȱ죬ɼɽկʵ֮ǿ
ܸߴ¥ⷿѵȺʱķ֡ﲮϲЦտȥж
ҹ˳ѹεһЩɽկвеľС͸СϺ󣬶СҲϲȥ
ָ췢ģԺһҪµɽǻĺóԵĺģԱСһ֮˶̲סЦ
ֱֿˣЦ޵ڶˣʦ˲ƥ⡣ƫƫ⣬˺á
ǺЦֹƥ
ЦһȷֹƥС㻹֪롢ı߳ǣⷷΰͲƥˡ
δ⣬ȲѾô
̶ֳ̡̺ˡ
һ漴üǵİճʲô
ҡͷعǱ߾˵ϸĻƶȣƾ軧ÿÿտڹٸտûлߣһ׶ûСߡ˵ƶԶعɭϣ޷ȷϵٸɰԼ취ʵڲУǨ½
ﲮһ󲿷ְһӶûȥֳʮ⣬׼ҵȥıǣ
գգۣǼҰֳмհɣı·ǾͲ°췴
̾ϢһһۺֳĶĴկ˵ΪկԵʣ͢Ųòկ˴Ҫһǹԭ²ΪкѧϡΪ˲ñԴַʹͿ̿ѧֱӶָɽկֻܼҰǡһ
Цһڹĵǣ
Ҳջ𣺡ʵ֮ǰֳڵѾߵѰˣԭʢ꾰һӾͿʯףǰЩʱգһʯ׾ҪӣѰԵ𣿿ǲЩֻǵɽկʵڿɺޡ
ֵغͰռƽϣֻײĿˣֻʶޣֱ粻ǣʱһãǻǻ׵ġڲ˵Щ壬ǵĻˡ
ʲô᣿
ȴҡͷЦЦʱ򡣡ִŭЦ壬ǲһССĲɽͷϵġ
˵գɫȻһķ֣תȥ

ſջ¥ᡣ
ٶΪʺʩϣߴϢ˰Ҳһ
Ҫ
ľѾҲԹС㣬Ҳ֪أԴϻСҹ飬Ȼһס֮󣬾ͺƱһˡ
˲ˮñ̺ʺ
ȴʺԳЦһˣڸ˷˭
Сͨ죬ȿɫȻԲȻСˡ
ʺߺͱ˿⣬Ǻô
ˣǱȥھķ´ȹ
תĿݵһ̾󣬻þȥˡ
յĲӹҿ˿󣬹ŵǵɫŲȥˡ
ȷֻʣʱʺһ̾ٲ˵ףʱͲ˰ɡ
ÿɷ񣬻ʺǳǳһЦüۼЩɫԭΪһҴӲĽκˣŮˡҲ֪ԼˣҺĽӡ
仰óĻ
ʺֱ֣϶ڴˡ
Ȼʺ̾ϢһǸöðϧ
ʵ벻ףҶѾӦԾžƾŽٲΪλ룿
ʺףΪһɸԸ
üɾʥôδ˵ʥɱ˰ġ
ʺµҲ㣬һʥ칦컯ܹɾʥ빦ȴڷϡ޾ž뼤ǱƽŽٲ칦ÿƽٺµİˣ޿ܳʥؼǣϰٲݾУͺϵϴ⣬ͻƳʥĹؼ
ɣ¼书ǣ˳ʥ
ʺҡͷﵽģҪ˴˹£ͨͬԴ͸ˡ˵գǵԹĿһۡ
ֻֻ֪ˣħ̵һͽΪλѣ
ʺԣԥЩݵģ
ӣˣʵʲô֮ɣ
ʺ̾Ϣһ֮ǰõһЩಮĴӽѹγ鼮;ż㣬Ҳû뵽ʥ̽ͷ˺ٳߵһ
˵ţԭί˵һ顣
ռֱԼĶ䣬˵ͻʥ󣬹ͣͲǰе˵ļ㣬ЧòԣϣʥԺټһ㿪ʲôЦԼԼñӵģ
ʺϷ̣Ͼ˺ţҲҲסˣǸ磬Щ¶صС¡
ɫŹ̴ֵֵŭ֮³׾ѣħ̻治ħ֮ˡ
Ȼħ̲δʥϽ˿̽ѧɢϵĸֶϰ
ģ²Ϊ˹ͬԴ׼İɣ
漴뵽һ˾ֵ¡
ǿ룬ʺǺһЦȴԹΪʾΪңѵ֪նݳΪ̫̰ģҪͬԴѪͬԴ
Щθħ治һħ֡
ľʻʺ㵽ʲô
ҪֻǣûҪݶϰɣ
ȻΪ࣬ʰػֻҪͬ⣬˵ġ
ȻʺʵСɾܲܺʹ󵱼ҽһʥϵı䡶Žٲ칦
ԣɫŹֲֺǷأɫһ䣬Żʺҧղ˵ǵ棬仰ˮְɣȻǵһôûʥħñƾʲô϶źͱ˾ͻƳʥʺɫһ첻Ȼŭȵʺ㻹ʵ˵
ʺ



һʮ ͵
ı֮£ֵħʥŮǸǰȴһֱѾһԭ㡭֪ҷ޶ǡ񹦡ΪǡľԣΪŽٲ칦㹻ĺôߣȻͻʱȡĹ϶˹һȡͻƳʥǶϾĵﾭָܻô˵
ʺ̬ͨ󣬿ʵ
Цͬ˵ƨ˰㣬ҳʥʥȻأħŮǺˣҲ˵ұ᲻ί㣬ֻ˵һɾʥǷ޶˵Сӣ׽ŪǲŹ֡˵һӦ
룬ͷȷ¡ưոݣ
Իʺ˽⣬ɲǰ;֮ˡ
ȻҡͷȻգѰڶ;žˡ㻹УҲܶ˵ġ
ӢٲݾַǾܣҩȸʥضг¼
ң긲ҩȣͶ
һ¼ѧٲݾþž֮ˣָ벻ֻһˡ
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ﵽˮ׼ģҲҪʮ꿪ˣʥڡ
ûѰ˻ʺ˵ʹˡ
ڡ
ﵭλʹﲻֹҽһˡֻǰػģֵ˷ǳĻŻˣ¶СŮ⡣
ҡͷȻˣҲն˵գ˶٣ֵһʥ
ûԼһۣйȻأϲֽĵĺ꾫
ٺһЦȻɫȻϲ˵ɶҲС΢΢ǵʵ˵ħ̵һҼֵǡڳʥǰҩȹȻҲһʥ޷šӣ룬ɾʥ󣬵ʹԴ𣿳˴ĶԶĮˡ
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ж֮࣬Щʥ֪ʶӺε֪
ﵭ΢ЦһЩԻʺһЩⲩʿ
˵ߣ޵Ĵһۡ
ȼֵľ֪ʶʮ׽׹ʣ˭й¶
ʺǱ߾ͰˣŲɣbiubiuǷ޶ˣҰ
ⲩʿ
Ľδز
ɿʵⷽ潪̫֪ĸࡣ
ȴﵭΪ˶ԡ
ԣʱˣֱԼӺ˫ѩɽһ䣬ԭҲһ̳Сװ
ɫԼǣպҪѧϰ
գգҲǴ⣬ĶǴ£ʱɼ֪ңҪֻηĪǰԣȥһЩǲõŮӡöʣ檣ûκһŮӣ檵ĵλޡϻʺ塣ɶϽ֦Ҷѧ徭ʿ£емɵֹǳ»ȤζͶǶˣܶʱ򣬸˵ʲô
֣ЦİɣһһҶḺ㣬Ҳίġ
ﾲĿһЦ׿ļͷ

ſջ¥ڡ
С㰡㶼Сɾ̸ˣˣ
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ʺ˾һۣЦƨ书ƽƽΨѧĹϢ¯࣬ҶĹȥ
ǻʺϢĺãҲù͵ϮɱĻʾ
ȻĹϢ츳á
𴩺Ҳ£ٺһЦһĨϣ׷ʵС㰡㻹û˵أôˣ˼СɾȻܾˡ
ʺŴŴ㶮ʲôҽ׶ˣСɾûֱӷߣ˵ҵģ᲻øߡˣĥǡûģСɾλ󵱼ҲкôֻҪСɾӦˣҾͽؼ󵱼ѡ£ѵ£ˣ˵⣬Ҳ֪ಮ°ˡ
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ʺһ˿üǰķڶϣûвأಮʥ̵мҵ˺˷ļױҿСɾģߣ
ЦһصϺ󣬿տҲܿ⣬֪᲻ᱩף
ʺԺҲЦָ߾˼ػ־ԭΪʾδĶ֣˭룬ڽϸֶξͨƾˡıһȴҲǰ㣬ƽƽ档
ЦС㰡ƽƽ棬Сɾʵ̫ˡʥЩֻ꣬ЩﴵֹƻٶٰգسǣûһаֶΡҲˣֻܿɱӹЮգΪʮ֮ڣﾭٿСɾֶΣɽկȻǧˣɲ̶Ѯʱ䣬˰ҵ䲻ιҲСɾֶθ˲á
ʺҲ֮ͬԣɿһһյ֪ΪķˣСɾСɾ̣ҿ͵˼ҵĳˣ
ԣһʱͨ죬װͰ͡ĵ˻ʺһۣԹСǷˣֻҲ˵óڡ
˴꣬ҹʱҲѰЩС˵ơ
оС˵һЩдȤ顣
Ͷ˲֪ٻҹ飬ġس
ҲûзԷɴǰҹ˵ģҲ嵽ĸϣǵ٩ԺͶԷķΡ
ڣֱӾ嵽ĳϡ
ʺģĶСӣȻͲȥ˼ҵĳ̡һһа⣬ﶼﲻסЦ˰ɣ
Ҵ󣬾߳ŭˣǰȥͻʺ׽
ڶ˷ĸڣޱĶˣǽڶ



һʮ ̩ˮ
˰⣬ʥľʵ
һ·۶̤ϣ͸о˲ԡ
겻ɢ˴ʶйɿѰĶ˿ȴҲ
ж޺Уʰ쵵Ķ߱ضǡ
ԭڿе·ϣҩۣ֮
¡
龰ĵһ϶ϱǳ⡣
ⶾͶѰȻǵ֮;ɶԣֻС鷳ա
סʹ뵺к
ԭĻȻʾչأΪ˳ûıԵϲƷʦϵĸͣ
޽Ҷʹͻ̷ǵ
ҲǻʺһŮӣƯԵɡ
ʥľʵϻܲԳƷʦ֮ҲвƷò
ȴһ·ͨ衣
Ȼǵûһ˿ϲɫеĲͷŭʢ
ΪѾµô¡
ȻߵҪ֮أܽܿʱɫȻࡣ
ýرյţ˿̾ȻţȻҰ޺С
һ
ǣʾ˭
ߣܽܿţԿ򿪣Ѱ˾ǧﴸҲơ
𣬿ɼԿ򿪵Ĵš
ܽܿŵԿ¼ֻѡ
ԭڵһͽУһڻʾֵС
Կɣ˶֪ԿʥŮ
ӻʾȡһԿôŵ˵˭ҲͲʶ֪ˡ
ޱѻǻˣ̻ǿ֮
ɱ
ǣ䵽λ˼ϴŮֶŮǱʥŮȻĽ̳ˡ
ҪǸǿ֮ضʥľʧ
ңʺ浽ɽկסţڼ书߾Ҳ˵ɽկ
һ̾۳˶ҰտҲëûµܿ⣬תȥ
϶ܿɢµյġ
ܽʺΣȴ⣬ԺҲ

ѮմҴҶ
ʮգʺ񴺺ͶˣκǺկ֮䣬硰ϰҡһ㣬ҵĻջ˸顣
կĲֿʢˣﲮһϹͷ·ϢˣȴԶֿ֣Ľ衣
կկûô
ɽկܹﲮͻȻܲڶ
ԽԽˡ
ɽС·ϣ¸ٵݱǻŽ˽ϵĶ崿ϸֳһĨ޵ĺΣ˵
ǰףڵóԸ
ڶ˳ǰ飬ɳ׺䲻ᣬȴҲݱҸ
ǵѩΪ٣ʶûд졣
¹үҪףٵġ
ܼֻһˡ
񣬿崿ݺ𱬵ǺЦɽկﶼл𿻣ҹĻͬ˵ҾͲڴߡ
ѽ
û˵գ棬һ󣬴۾ˮͲǼĳƤʵ̫һ㲻һֱûӣֻܲС˵ɽկ岮ǶЩˣ˵ʱͿ԰Ъˣɽ궼˪ˣ䣬ҪÿЩûõʯ̿
ԲδŭǺЦѾȥˣʯ̿ûãûչ𿻣ջ𿻣ʯ̿ʲô
ݵ˵ò𰡣Ҳüȥʯ̿ˣġ˵˵СֻЩȴɽկɽǡ
ƲǲǾǣǹûǵˣͷ
ݻ˵ʲô滨Էѵֻлĸ׵ѩ棬ϵ½ƺ¶ˮʪһǰȥס˵ѩʻ
ѩҲỨɹôЩһѹʱû⼸ࡣ
ΪŮ뿪˼ңټһֻʣһˣָоΨеס
˳ǣȹһԹѩ̣Ҷ˵ᵽīԺͬס㲻һڼҰţޡԸ̩ˮˣʵǵѩԼϰߡ
ԽŮСڣϰƺɡ
ƨ
ѩƢһı꣬ŮԼŶȥסʲôҪүҲͰˣ㡭
ѩһȥˡ
ǷСڿЦһ룬ȥŮǸϲ̨檣
ʵīԺڣһҪ⣬ݴһ㶼͡
ӣôѿ
˴Сһ𳤴ദʱദĻЩ
ѩ﷢ԼȥǵÿŮɡ
סں󣬿ɱ
Բһʶôԣô˵ôǰֹ֮ϣҲܼƽʲôݵУȻֺǺǵ³һǶûԹĺòˣѩ㲹⼸յĲ跹˼
˵գ
ѩסҪȥæݣص˵ĸŮ˽
ʵʱѩѾ޾ϸʹˣ̫ˣ˱顣
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һը׵ԶңңɽկأɽٻҰȻկţȮ



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δԣλ߳һʳ˾԰Ϊǵȡһ˰Ļ񣬷ֺʶǰҪ˳ʥ̫Ȼټ֮Ī˵λʦ۷壬ٶ༸λҲáҵȡһΣǻϷţȻܿ⣿
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ʥȷϣȴܵġ
һߺƽɫһ
߿˿ȻСãܺã



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ʳ˾ߵ߼ܼ򵥣Ȼկ϶δǷа̸ֱô˵կУ
ȻկĿǰչֳʦһΪֽһΪ
߿կֻһ΢Ĵڣٶڳʳ˾ԣ䲻˵ָ𣬵Ҳ㲻ʲô
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ʳ˾֮Եɼһߡ
סԣҪֱӶֵ봸ǰһɵƣֻϽԪʦ۷򽣹ڣȻϾʦ۷壬ֻƷʦ󾳽磬һֻܴ߷ʽǿС
Ѿ߷ʽֻʣһС
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ȻԾ̶֮կҪ¶ˣҲǲ˾ܰ쵽ġ
ԣĸǲܽܵġ
ȻȻˣҲ¶ӡ
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˭ţΪƣҲ˵Ӻڣʳ˾˿ѹƣǻʳ˾лǺǣ֪䲢ֻһʥ̫ƽ꾰Ҳˣսǰկعרźʳ˾ԣ˵սʮֻ꣬ս꣬²¿նɱٻʳ˾֣ʱ㻹ûʳ˾ңһǲϺͿˣΪԭʮ׳ɽӣʳ˾һҵģ
߲ȻŭҪֵҪôϻֻ׵ĸ㣬Ҫӹߡ콣ɽһ콣ڱ̨Ҫʮأֱ˺󣬲Ÿʹ߱ɢ֮ԭΪΣ׸ԡҪǲһ˵Ľߺˣկԭǲ׼սģ̫Ҳսϣǻʳ˾ú׽׽
˷һߺƽİԵ̲סɫ
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ƽɰԵѾһƽƽ֮⣬ɽƣӲֻһ˰ǹͼƿҩԻʳ˾ҩ赤һɽţҲ԰ٱ֮ˡΪƽ񣿡
룬Ȼƿ赤Բˣ汲ɽҶ󣬵ȻһҲǵ֮ǿӦˡ

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ǺһЦͷȻ֪ҳǰѹǲģǣǰɡ
һƽĿԲ
ɫŹ֣Եľǣʳ˾֮Եǡж



һٰʮ ղգ
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ʺ۾һͷǴǴӱжô񹭣ֻڰǿԺ԰Ϊ֮
عͷǺЦҪǰ֮ǰļ˺ҲǰҪǲ
ƽ˭ң
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ƽɫã˳˭ô˵ɽկɱ
ԹһЦ˵ףﻹƲկ޹ʷ̰ңֺ㽭С֣ѵǿ
ƽŭԣ
ЦҵķӣǾ仰ǻʳ˾񹭵ǲǵģɽկһϡʱȴҲ˻Цկ޵ǸǰҪԱɡ˵ţָָֽʱӣҲկկҶǸʦֻҪǿӣǰûǰ񹭡ȻôûϣҲûʳ˾ԡһԼȳȾ䡣
ƽԻͷҪӦһԵ߻ǵȴֳŭ֮⣬һ˼Сӣ
һʱ죬û뵽˴һӡ
֮˷ָΪȻ붯ҡƽ֮ģ
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˺ͻʳ˾ڲһֱ˱
ֻҪһֱ޷֮ģʼɳ
˵Ǿɽܵġ
ȴ˼ң⻰ȴȤˡҽСעҪΪˣССһɽկΪᣬԸΪδʥϵĥʯ㲻һҲգ˵ȻҼ书ߣҲ͵ΪֹˣĪǵСֻᣬȴһŮӶȲԺóɾʲôʥ⡭ʵڸ㲻˼ﵽģ
һҪ⣬ȴƽ߸߰°ͣͬһһһãݴڴˡƽģʮڣȡ񹭡˽СΪһŮ裿⣬һ죬Ҳɱ㣬ǣ׹ţѥ裡
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ƽԣЦɲˣ
ҡͷȻվѰ۷ʦһΧɽկҲˡ
ƽȴ·ܴܵ裬ŭƨСɸң
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˵գʹ
û־棬ϸֳһĨ
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ŮӾٳʥΪŮ̫֮֮ԪɥʧͶһѹء
ٵǡ
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ЦģҲôɵ԰ЩҵĿҳկеһһҵİæֻʱѧϯһţ֤ﷸǩֻѺڽ̫飬ҾͲţɽϵķӻᶨҵȻܲɱòɱеʱڿڵȼ򵥵һɱЧЩҪǣУǻõأԼʳ
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ǿһߣ񴺴ҴҸɫЩصֵܣڱ̨ˣֶҶĺҪɽկҺҸӺͷƷƣж߲ơ



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Ȼ֮ԣĪƿյɫ΢΢˱䡣
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Сڱ̨ʵ̫ˣԷ˲˵ˣ¥¥µ⿴ǣȺľȻϷ
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˳ǣζѩ̣ҷͱˡݹĺòãֲǿʲôǲǹ˭ģҼ⣬һȰҲ˼ȥѹĸϽλħŮڼʹֶΣҪȳˣ˼ұУﶼ˵ʲô˼ֶʹӵס
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ȴֵǧ콣Ҫ黹ˣ콣ϵĽĪ⣬һҪЩʱĦ
ǺЦһӾͲõˣһ˵ǧġϺ䵽زȫּұӰܻСҲöǲǣοӻ콣͸ǣˡǲҪӴĦ꽣󻹸ǣѾǵĸ߷ˡûϵһġӣǧǸﰡ
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ЦЩ⣬ҷһЩʦ۷ʵѾνĴͬõĮƩʾλЩˣֻǵʥֻԼ˵Įľû˵֮޶Ҷⷽԭ򡣵ҷ֣ǧȴͬʼִеĵΪĵҡΪΣʱ򣬺ǧصĲԼǺ񴺣ζŨһ㣬˵ǲе˲𣿡
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һپʮһ ȥ
κǣҡ
ɫ԰׵һϣ˼ӲǺ󣬶Կϵկ̸òҪҪӸӣҪҲԸ񣬻ҪڴغʹΪ֮֮Ҫǽ׳
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ЦһܰȻȹһѣ»أ»أĸҽϣϣ
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ǧȴûἰ£һۺ󣬻˾䣺л
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ǧԣĬԽһ¡
ԭ׼ʣǼͻǧ޲ɣһȥȥȡ
콣ƽʱߡ
ȴǧ΢΢ҡҡͷ˿̵֮
ɣ⿴ҩ®ܿգ˾䣺ѣþò
һδоʲôȴɫȻһ䣬ȻĿīԺ
֮ȥȴһɫĽâ󻶿Ľٷ
һ̣·ĿһѻŵĽ
ٿ콣ͣںǧϷ罵ذµɫĽǧʱ֮࣬Ҳɼһ
ԲۣҪҪôװըƣ죿
Ȼ˾ģں档
һء£ǧϵƼۿɼٶڱǣȫΥ֪غ㶨ɡҲϵĽԯޡ
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˼аûȥ
ڣǧǧ콣̵Ľ⣬ƺҲһѾɼԪȫ콣⣬쾭硣
̣һȻ񴺺ͶҲֻĿȵĹעţҲֻǿš
ΨĦһ̣ϾȻ罣⡣
ԶʣңӦ
˫ֲۻҵĽĦǧȻǳ
׻̫ЩӴڣеʱ̫̣Զǧʮҹ˵
ºǧǱűֻΪָûбܻ䣬ǰϽ淨ﵽ˽һ֮
ʱһȥ񴺡˶ûһ˿ͣΪܸܵõǧڼٻָš
ȻҲżΪߵѾһ״̬С
Сףȫ˵Ҳֶ֪ϰ֮˶ԣһ
Ͳʱ䳤Щ
ֻҲû뵽һȣһҹ

峿ն
ȡһҹ콣˿Ѿ͸״
˭콣ᱻɣ
ԭ콣ѾУǧ㡰̣ˣ򲻿ϴӦġ
ǳһҹδݣȻռ˴ˣֻҧ콣̣Ļȥˡ
һսҩ®ʱأѾΪ͸״콣һ峺Ľ漴ѽû˺ǧüУʧӰ١
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ڷ磬޼˪׻¡
ȻǺǧ𽣾µĽ£һֻгɫԪ֣ǧȴһָԪ
״һɲǵԪֱüġ
æȴֻüͷ΢΢һ壬漴չͷϵȻʢ
⣬ٲ㣬İٻѨ
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˳Ī˵񴺺Ͷ˴ʧɫǧ˫ۡ
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ĵӣǡ
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ǧԣ΢΢ҡͷʥ֮ѣסҪٹ졣

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ЦˣҸͷӴ˶һʥɽֺ֣£ôܾܾ
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ȴæֵܣһһ룡Һ˵ĻܲΪҵʥͱˣĪҪСˣߣֵҵͼδҵ֮ϡһԼȳȾ䲻ñ䲻ã
ԣȴȿ˺ǧ
ɫȻ˧ƣӵĲɣУ֮ɫ
ߣ֪֮֮ˡ



һپʮ 
ǰС˵һֱΪɽ¼ؼɾ񹦡
˴ŷ֣ʵ书ҲҪ츳ġ
ͺñǰͬĽ̲ͬʦһͬѧܿصѧҲôܿ廪һضƽһ
˵һ׽̲ģܴﵽ۷ġ
ŬΪʱ츳Ҫ
ͺͳһܶʱ˶Լÿǲ֪ΪվնˣҿްθߺĴ
ҲǺܶ˾Լվӱÿԭ򡣣ûУ
˵ޣͨġ
Դ֪֮ߣʮﳣҲһˡ
Ȼܶ˻ԱԼһǴΪ滷ӡ
Щ˳ΪȨ޸֮ӣôһܿʧ͵ԭرըΪԼ˧
ԣԺ񴺴˿ľأϾҪΪǿ֮˵ĶӣܱǰľҲѹֺǧ֮ɫ
ȥδ㲻ԽлʥҲʧھ֮УΪʥ֮µ߹
ǧܲο
ϺүҪʱţǻع콣ɽ
ȥТһĻʵ
ʦĽһʱ¡
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ƽߡ
ô
Цĺ񴺣ǺǵƽʲôһʱͷԷ裬üʳԲˣ־Щա˵գȻأҲϺүӶԲԲ
޲ɣ΢΢Ƿ¿ʦ˸˾ͻīԺ
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±õģʵ̫ˡ
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ʵ˴ֲĿǰүƷԣҲһ¡
Ȼ޾֮·ԭΪҪͣսڱ̨ѹǾɽ꣬һʱҰˡû뵽ϺүͳʥˡвƲ˵ǲҲ̫Щ

΢΢ҡͷСûϺү˿ûҽ｣֮𣿡
ߺҲǡ
һۣǵģΪϺүĽ裬ѾǧǰʥĽѾ߳˳Խ͵ĵ·ѾҪˡ
Բۣ
ҪҪô
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ԣ΢΢ȻĿǰѵԺ𣿡
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ΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽ
ȻĿԭΪľ仰ֻǻͻʹԣʵȴãСев˵Ĳ׸˵áԺ
뱣ǹķ緶ɵһɫŮ񣬻߸䷶ģݵĿ⿴

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ΪһֻصսУȫԼļ
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סլģĪҽ֧
мϣĪƿյ壡
Ȼ˿ȴһĵϣĪƿ޷ܵǣĪڵλҲһѻճ˻ҽ



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Х󣬼ŭĵĪƿһѪŻһ䣺λɱ޹񴺣ұؽʬΣ
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ҪҪҧˣĪҲŻʹ
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ȴҴпĪƿԼϢϢ˴Ҵ뿪¹ǡ
һϻ˶ɽԮһ֣ٸկ

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СԣһЦΪڻͣЩ©磬˼Сڿڡ
ҡҡͷ̺˵ˣ̫Զ·࣬ҲΣգҲˣүүҲ˵ĺӳǳԶˣҪÿ
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СƫԴΪ©Щ첻Цͽ棬ȥòã
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˵գСﱧڲϣЦУȡ㹳ǰ˲ߡ
ᴰǰڼﾲĿһĻ۽ǻһĨķУֳЦ
ϴջԸС



һپʮ ɿ
ǧһ쿴갲ߴӪկΪޡ
ʶ㲩ĿùٰӪأȴδһկɾ侮ġ
ѵõǣÿһ࣬ϣЩϵľãȻͲ֪롣
կõЩǣɫǵƴǰǰƸݣЩǿ׳
Ȼں񴺸ӣЩԣԲٺ󣬺ǧҲȻˡ
ԭΪˣɵҹ䣬ߴӪկͬʱ߿ᣬλ벽ʥ˳Ծˡ
һһ̨һһ˵żµɵµİȴ֮ᷳģһػصᣬһػͬķ޵ŭǺǧͨ񣬿ǧſͬʱŭҲЩ𺳡
𺳵ĲǵǿóǷĵŭ뻮һ
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ͬ־
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񴺵־ͬߡկ˺ܶͬ־֮Ҫ˴ξװϷϷйͬĵˣֻҪЩˣǣǵĸĸǵ޶Ůٲܹٲܹ;ΪĿģǧկʱ䣬ȴѽĹˡ
˲𡣡
ǧ̾ϢһתӪկ첽ɽ䣬ȻʵСľΪկһףħһ׹ƻĵакηֱ𣿡
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ǧԣȻʧЦǸˡ
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ǧվŲ淽һĨϼֶΡǣЩδɾġ
ЦҪɾףؼǾҪ롣կ˷ӸҹΣʶ֡ף꣬կʵǿ˶𾪵ĵز
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ǧû˵ΪʥʵҲϣԼΨһİ¡
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ЩһЦɫǺֵܶ˼أҶδ֣ҪҰ
ǧüͷ΢ѾҪսôҪδң
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񴺵ͷ˾Ųʮ
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ҶģҶһΪʥԣҲɱ֤Ϊʮʱ䣬ѹ
ɱ
˫ʥΧع𣬻ʥѡ
ȻҪӳ顣ˣһֵָ߰ɡ


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ʺΪܲμկĻеˣҲ಻⡣
С˰죬ټλˣлʺ٣ǰȥë֮¡
ûǰ㲻ɫ͵±仯̫죬սܿͣսƣͱԷսǱҪȡͼԱ
˶ײˣ֪µôˡ
Ψõ棬ǰΪûдȿɱկֻšСչ̫Щ
ॸֵһկԾȵģã̫˷ѣ
̫طɽ֮ӺܻʦµĹռһǧպɳʥռд㣬կηηţ̫ˣ
ԣڵ֪ǧճʥĵһʱ䣬ʵѾ⣬Ҫɿһ죡
һ죬Ϊ˽ҸĶ
֪˺޹ǣ



һپʮ 
СأʦȻȥ磬ô죿
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廹ǽемħʥŮһģ
£ʱû͵֣Һ
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ɽԾСǲıկӪǡ
ͷ˵ëǧʱҾ룬ϻб󹤸õıԱկһҪбʹ󹤿ʼŷֵ壬ǵأҲġҪǾѹҲԷֳһӪկöӪկĵһ
˿ЦʹСƽƽأ
˵⣬ֺȻʵССʲô뷨ûУǿǺһ㳤ĵ֣СʱбŤɵ׻š
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կﶼˣǵͷĶӳСආҲûȥˡ
ɫ࣬ɽܳɵҲͷĿŵĿЦһǣ
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ɽѿڶǻ˵ȻŶŶŶ
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ЦԣǼڲԭϴ򰾰ɣñСʱҸһңĲԭϱδԣϰ䣬δսġСǴѧֻҪѧһջ񡣵ǻֻҪ汾£²ãΣǷ˰ɣ
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˴ʦץŹͷЦƽʱҶȻСҽĻڼšȻһүţ񲻾ͳ͵ãɱ䵹С£ɰȴҪĻơһŪЩһȣڽѧħȷֻȷʹʮĽȲʹδʦǰõö˳ı񵹺ˣϰ̷ҿԳʦΪӲƷʦܣ
һһֱĬԵٶɫʮʦÿһʹȥǧ֮µķħ޺Ȼ鴫
Ϊʦеɣ䱻ʥԼĽǧ̹꣬ȻǷ
ȴɽկδĲͳ졭
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кҸڣǶҶǧܻȫ
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һг̣ںδͷδװδΪ½С
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ҡͷ̹ȻԺǧĿ⣬ҷҰֻ֮һ⣬Щܼ£ȻҲ̫ȤЩЩΪ˳ưԣΨҶ𡣡
ǧȻţһ㲻λ˭λ
ĵ¹֮Ұģ֮ࡣ
ǧ΢΢ü㲻λĪĶλ
ҡͷöδУԶ
ǧײˣǰ굽Ĵ⡣
óδͬ˵ԡ
һԵĺ˰죬ʵ̲סˣǰϵĴЦֵͣ˵ʥҲʲô˼ˡѵ벻벻կ˭Ǵ󵱼ң
ǧһ漴ɫŹֵĿڨڨ˸һ󷽵˾䣺ƣ
ԹŮΪ֮£
ߣΪڣˣʮΪʥ
ʥͥ
˸¹浽һգλҲֻǴÿñӰա£˾֮δӢ֮ȴд֮Ӣܿƹ¡ҪȨֻҪȨɡȻ˵Щ̫ЩֻϺүұʵشաұҰ֮ԣô㸾֮ʣʵ°տţȮ²ݰ׸һǳ֮־ϺүЦˡ
ǧĿһԺȴ겻ѵֵܴ˵־Ҳֻ˵ǳ֮־˭֮־ɳ׳
΢΢ҡͷ·εȼѣֻ˵Ϊ֮ȴ׼ҵͷ­Ѫ֮㡣ܲܳ£ʵ޵ףú֮ޡ
һĿһۺ󣬶ʹ˸ɫ
ˣ͵ǧǧȴҡ־֮ˡ
㣬־˸Զȴ˵ûм֮ġ
ǹ־иƨð
ȴδһ㣬ɫ糣
ϣЩɽ紵ţɰ촦ƮһƵİ̡
عŵϣż˴Ҵֻǡ
һյĹ󣬺ǧڿ˽ڣ˶£ᣬ롢ԡС֮־ܼҺŸأȻ裬ԵֻĪģĪ֮ԣΪȨԡ
ǺЦҿԸϺүһŵгһΪȨҰǣΪֶ޺֮Ϻүнն֮˾ΪϺү壬ֻΪϺү壬ûΪ
һǧ̶ݣͷ

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ͬݻлʺһ㴺̡Сϳ
Сڡ
ʱɻκơ
ڣ̴ݡСһ˶ЦѳĿһ÷ĿҲˣΪôܵǰЩÿ붬˯˻ãСŶ겻һ⣿궼Ҫһأȴϲĺܡ
СЦȺģˡ
ЦҲƫģǼ궬춼ǸСůѣСŶֻԼ˯ںˣСô۾Ҳˡ
ЦǼʲô㲻֪
ˡֵʱߺĿˮĿһۣ˵
ۡࡱࡱԵĳϣּ˿ְСｫĴɾȻ̵ͬҪԶŶγȥʱ᳤ܻЩ֮󣬵ǰƶٳŶˣúڼ׼ꡣ
ԣüôһ쵽ô£⻰ɽĻȴԹˣۻԼˣʲô£廹ѩȥͺˣ
ڼ޵ĴȤĿ¹Цǵ񣬲ᡣ
вܣҲ֪ʱܸӡ֪ҪǴ£ֻԹ䣬ЦкҳԷסĸвˡ
ʺʱ˵ЩֺõЦôЦ
ⲻ֪ʱƮѩҹɫأȴڵסŨŨ顭



ڶһʮ 
կҪҪػҪ
κǣ鷿
ɫȻĿµʵ
ҧĸ磬ȺӲⱵĺܣȥżˡھ˵ҪˣģԿȺͷһ
˰֣˵¡
һͣɤӵҰĸĻǣ˵ԸƣǾʨӴ󿪿ڣ˵ҪʳҪֳǵĶأϻǼĴҲҪ
ЦûڣһԴžһ죬ĸ磬ǰ˵һ£կȺͷѹëҸ˸ţ
ڲٷƵˣȻ棿
Ӧģկ˺ö󹤣ǰëЩҤҲɽկˡģɽɽϲ̨Ķ
ɫȴѿ֮֮ǰʮּɵկΪկɱˡ
ҲԵɣֻ͵һЩƻѧδػ󶯸ɸ꣬ǴʱֵսѧҲûΪҵһջʹ˱
ҪɱˣǾȫˡ
˵կֻмʦʦ۷ǿߣѧҲưոݡ
һ㣬̨ǻۺͼıѩޡ
û뵽կȺɽ׷ˣȻҽë˸ţ
ë㲻ʲô壬ȴ͹ңǿǴʮϸ֮һڵİ˰ŹУ
ԶԶ硣
կҶë˵Ǹοһң
һ˲䣬屳亹˳
ߣµľ˵üıĹûеΡ
կǼʦɱɱ岻ΪĿܡ
ͷԷת鷿ⲽȦʵߣկЩҪٶ
˿ĭɰͰ͵ҪҪĶдסĸ磬㲻ӦɣôܣϻرȺ˻ջʧ󡭡
û˵꣬ȵͿҪȵȺѾɥĲɽɱŲزū𣿸ǣǣǲҪһθ꣬ȸɣǼĴ˳룬ٸɣٸĳɡ
ĻһæӦֵĸ磬ҾûҪǾȻëţֻҪ˿ȥ͸߹ңȻҪկԲ˶ߣα˷ѡ
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ٶԣȥˡ
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ͳȥôʳͲ˵˽ǣҲΪˡ
ֻαһ£ʱ־ܻȻˡ
һ̣оǰδеۡ
կ֣ˡ
ţ㲻˰

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ҲϹ̫أն͵ǧʯԱԭ
ܱػԶϷʢ̫ظڣļϢ
Ȼ˿̣̫ظլȴֻصϢ
鷿ڣһɫȹѵŮλ̫Ϳ丸ΣȻֻվڵͥν
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ܹ֮ɭϵ̫ظڣѰˣ
ɢˣ˵ȥǻعʥ£ʥľ
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ʺЦһ˭㱾ûʥˣ
䲻˸飬Ȼ˼ʥ̡ʥֳʥˣ򼤶
ʺЦǱʥ˳ΪĿִʥľͱԿ
˵ţʺֶ˰Կ
⻰ܼεΣΪ֪ʺϱһѴ׵ıԿ
ңħٶȳʥɡ
һĬʺѾľ
ʹǿӲַθӣԾ綾֮կǲ
׼˺ƤʱȴɿעǱߺ˵Ȼ̣һȰĪҪ֮ҪһӦʱ͹̡ܲƾſһ˵Ǿ͹Թǲʵ
θӶ˶һۣλƺһλ
κɵ֪λǡ
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ɫһ䣬ٿĿȻͬ
ڿһ
Ҳ⣬΢Ц֮⣬ɢ˵̾͸ܶϾɢϹܴݻҵҲףϧȻܶҲ̰ͼɢ˵ݻҵϹȣɢ˸աǣʥҪƣҪһЩ
ˣЦЦĿθӡ
ҸһȻǽԶҪðٱæΪܶӦ֮λܶк󣬻ֻҪܰ쵽ģѡ
ǺЦɢ˲ʥʯ֮ĹϹһʳҪ˻ܶ档Ŀǰȱٴ󳵺˵Ϲ½ҵĳдʹ󳵣ϣܹһ⣬ܶҪľѾȫλľȫҪһ־صܶáɢǸӶ˺ʱáǲǳʱ䣬ʥ̵׳ûʥˣ־ô¡ɢˣְɣ
ҸӶ˶һۣ˴־ϲ
ֹ֣൱ˣ
ԭΪּۻ۵أҲҪֳҵȥ
û뵽򵥡
һʱ䣬ҸоΪҪ̫ٶ



ڶһʮ 赶ɱ
Сɾ̫ˣ㣬Ҫǵɵӣôʦֻôһ㣬ûӵģ
̫ظʺĹĵ˵
ҡͷǲܰеϣڷϣ޷ֹʱ£ôϹȾֱԭĵһ۹ءʱҸѹե̫ݣ񲻳˺İף
ʺЦи߶Ķţ㻹ʥˣ
ֹʺ񴺡١˴ʦвֵĶ˶ò
֪Щ˵͸ᣬ½ţת˵ԭ⣬ȻһҪԵɣǾҿҸӣڲᣬԺˡ⣬嵱ȣǣһˣԺعͷնǣ᲻ʹ죬Ҳ

˵ҲգɻʺͶȴЩζ
ʵĿ۾վߵʺľ컹ǺģΪβãҪɱ
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Լ֪ɶʱôߵĴ塭
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ǿ֮ѹ֮ΪףĳϾȴ졣
ͳһ˼빤Իʺӹ½ҳУֲľಮҪ졣̣֡
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񴺺ǺЦҲ棬ܰʦҵܰʥʦţģ˵ˣ룬Ҳֻһ˸ҡˣ˭˲磬ƫƫأ
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ҲǸ֮ˣͲסֵ֡ܡĿֱһ硱ˡСܡ
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΢΢׺һǰУʧҹɫС
󣬻ʺЩȻĸһ¥Ա£һţҲʧ١
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˵գһЦׯڱһ¥תʧ١
̫ظ߼֮˲úȻֽŲõĴӵ𣬷ٸϻ̫ظϱ

ʼչעŻʺһ˵θӵϢ󣬶޲Ŀɹ
ʦΪʳѾǵ󣬿ǣΪǸһܰʮˣøӶ˾֡
ʦ֮ȷǿαƷʦʦ۷壬Ҳΰ
֮ǰʺԽʥ
ΨһĽͣ
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ǣθӶͬʱһѽ֮
ʥµǿʵΪûκľ̹ʥܶ棿
ʺʥΪɽҪ˼ε뷨ֻҪʥ˳棬Ҹӳ̹⣬·
ΪʲôֻҪһУͼʮľ
˶˼֮ˣ֮࣬־塣
ͿεܾЩסȻ֪⣬ǡⲨ˿ѾǵʥԼˡ
лȻʣɫȴѿ֮Ȼ벻ͨΪʲôϷѵ֮
ͿҡͷΪʲôǶԴС
γƾܶʵҸӶʲô
ͿȻǲʣҲĪǲ塣Ǹɴ赶ɱˣ
˭֮
ʥأ



ڶһʮ ϱ
θӱıƣ˻µǲģȴû⡣
ھԵǰ󲿷ıʵΪǡ
ȻвկĴڣҸӡ
죬һλʥˣߴʦͬһ㣬һװ׵¥Ϲʢկֻмˡ
ûûҹ죬ſׯڵա
˵񴺡ˡЩƷʦһ۵ĸƵģƷʦʺƷʦɫס
һĿⲻƣ̫ˣ
ҲΪѰ
վʢҰ֮ϣߵƲʣɫ̫࣬̾ˡ
ɫ䣬վʵôأ
㵥ķ˵һֳ
̫࣬ൽЩԲˡ
Ŀǰ˵һһ㣬һִ
ɫĿɨȦˣǸֶҹĳ˧ƣɿ֪λûУ߶Ʋʣš
Ȼ˿ڵһƬҲûУʲô
ɤӣҹ۲⣬ҹҪѩ
ɫһ䣬ֿ˿Ȼûǡ
漴ͷԼĶʵʲô˼
ЦЦǿܻҪһ£Ͻ֣Щľһ£Ȼ
ᱳʹһˣĿƿʮ֮ˡ
񴺵ŵţ̲סЦ
ֵĸо˵ʣ
˴ʦˣץץͷٺЦ֮࣬ͷϣһɫüۼľɬΪƣֻۡǿţʱọ̀ɿˣҲûоˡһ٣ζס
ŵĶ⼸࣬ЩȴǼʮһյĿࡣ˵ǵĿǿϣĿ࣬ǲǺĸɣҲΪ̰£ʮʳɽܻʦ˵ǲǹ£ˣˣɰɣ

ⷬûʲôǿἰʱﲻס¶˷ܵЦݣһ
ĪǺбãôἰôˣ
Ψ֪һЩ飬ûжԣǰһ֣ûжãʹľ
ġ칤¼Ѿڻ֮ͨ죬ľһȵľ壬¥еĿϣͬһݶһ㡣
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ҲۣɣСҲȥЪЪɡǴ˰þͺãﲮó
ΪկĿܼⷿңﲮ⼸ÿÿҪһʱҪ鴤һ¡
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ڣȴһԹԣһ̤ʵĸɵȻ죡
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ҡͷɽѣ˭⣿ߣ˶˸ǶҲûǮˡ
ЦԣȥšӣõغլҲСҪ࣬ʢ֮㣬ǺֳܿܽΧȫ⣬ʱֳǾǵˡ
С뵽ȥס𣿡
ҡͷЦũΧе·߲ᶯҡǻҪǵģȻֳǡֳΪ˰ġЩˣ߰ɣȥ̡æµ̺СŶĺܡ
΢΢һЦɽկæµȻľ޴֮˵ͷһֱۣһЦһǰīԺ

ӴˣλܸЪϢ˰ɣ
īԺڣȾ͵õϢĴ̴Сϣһſںţæǰסֲſ
ǺЦ˵ˣǰŶˣȥˡ
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ڴʼμԼݣֻ˵һַ֪һֱ˳㣬˵ҲԺ㣬ȻֻǷߵһѾͷɷǰտ㣬ҲҪܽ㣬ҹܲ㣬书ߣԹ㡣ٲ㲻ϧԼӹǣͿԴ˹̹ܽܽ㣡
Ȼֻ֪Цĸ飬ôܹܽͷúúã˵ŵĻٷƣպҶģ˰ɣ
СһԿžϹҾЩ©С죬Цͣ
ȴһѱڼͷߣؼҳԷඣ



ڶһʮ 
ããԭɰѩХš
ͷţôֲڵ̤ϵĻѩѩµĲݸ
ֻǣŻѩԽԽľţѰˡ
Ĳԭһ¡
Ƕ֪⽫һѰĶ졭
Ϲȿĺڣϰԭͷۣͷ˴᲻ͬĸͷ˲ٳ֣ϹϾĹţĻ֮˿̶ͬ˳һ㡣
ʥɢԭߣҪͶԭҶϢ롢սѾʮֲҡҪͶԭңϹΪ׼ʮΪ񡣲ԭϵʿȻԲף궬ѩ̫Ҳ̫ͻȻţ˺ܶ࣬ԭϵţܶȹһء
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Ӣ
ʴȣ
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񻹲֪ԭʥΧɱĲԭ˫ʥƶϣӦǲԭ˫ʥˣ̫յ
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ԳĬ˺һǺãӶĸȡƣǾһؼң
˵գȻնѹڴһҡΣûһ˰Ľ

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ǰݳȥΪ̫ˣû·һӡǳһĸӣʱ⡯һµһʣмӣ

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񴺲˸飬˫۷ŹĿҵڣ



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СֺССЩ˳ģ㡭
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ȴЦҽ߸ĸģЩŮ˴ǿˣûϵġ
Ůԣ˲Ϊһʰ۾
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˵գһȣ롣



ڶһʮ 
ֱʱ滨ԷŲٶȱ򿪡
ʮλǧĵŮÿ˱Сκϸ黨߳
죬ʱСýЩ΢
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С̲סͷͣĿæͷ
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ٶظˡҽ߸ĸġĸǰīԺ

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΢΢ף޳ķʮˣʲô֣
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ɿСﲻĿæתԶСɫСӣҲܲò˼ҵǸȡ֣ʵڲá
С϶ǽͷݡʹɫصĸͿǸ
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ԣȻСΪԼľɣɽկĴ±պĴֻӣ⻹޷ƿأǶҪϣΪԼġ
ԭĵһͣ漴ӣ๫ԩ٣
ûĵۻû˵꣬Լ̲סЦ˵ɼί޹һˬı飬Ҳ̲סǣ˾䣺ѽ
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׿УЩŵù
ǺЦνŵùŲǺܳһʱڣֻһЩ鷱ӵֲòȥ¡վüģʱճˣٿǲֵΡӣҹˣЪ°ɡ
ȵ΢ϼӦš



ڶһʮ 
Сɾ
峿һ磬šجġĻʺܵīԺ붫᷿µĿĳ˵ıһۣȴҲ۶᲻úϣҹЩľˣβɳӡ㵹ãһʮ˽ӡ
ӣԹּ
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ʺһɵĿԴԾųɾŵĲţֿױ̨ǰͷ۾תתŤ֫ϸǰһ˽ȻһͦͷЦ˵ý㣬ʲôȴӵĻѰòͳˣʲŮ٣ҲСɾǰèߡв͵ȵè
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䡱һɱɮлһѪɫӰɱȥ

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ǰķ˴ʦңһó⽴һƬģȫֹͷԹۣҲϳһһء
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Ϊ檣ɰϯûаء֮ǡ
ڸ̺ﾴ裬ֺ໥ͻʺɾѾţ˶᷿һ·ڡ
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ȻȻ֪˿ںǧУϹȿ򣬴˿ֱͨ
һһǹһ޴ƥʥΧһīڵ̡
Էӽƿȫ֣ǹ͹ǹɴִ̣
ȻΪǿ˿̱ѷǿʥΧѾ·磬Ѷ
ˣͷӡ
֪ͬԱԺ²ûôǿĽĺͳޣϾԽʮû֣ͻЩ
ĸ׺ŮϵʮС
˿̿ЩΪϿɶغͱն֮顣
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Ժ֪ΪΣʥΧУ˿Ѿ֧Ųȥˡ
ԣʱ˿Щ˼ôܣǧǰԭ˫ʥӲԭʥпܡԽһĳ嶯֮
ˣɫٶһ䣬⣡
˼ǧȴѾȻ̾һԭˡŴ󣬶ʥ
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ǧҡͷ磬һ˵翡ʥ߸ϣһķ̫ءʥزǴʥҲжϲ֮ʱʥҲ֣ʥء
ԣͷ󶨣Ŀ˲
ȻԺǧԣ˿̲̿סЩŭ
ǶʥԷθ֮ɫ
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ˣɫһ첻ﻹףϹײĸ˱飬޵ҧ
ͷ˧ƣҪǲӴ򲻹㣬ǵõ㻨ɣ

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ɫҲֳһĨ⣬ΪϿɶغͱն
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ͼźͷſϷ˽棬ûо춯صƣҲûʯ쾪ײ
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ԣЦѾϨ̣˲ٶȻȻ죬ɫϣһɫǸ߾ϣΧķӽǹ
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Ӽ״ٶȳ̾һԻӭϡ
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ԭ䣬ЩͶĸҲ㱻ɱŸױչʧجģ֮ǧٰկǻģ
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կѰ˺ôһȦһϵˣȴ֪ȥ
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ȻֻκһϤڷϡ
ӵȻԲܣܣͻԶݣǷӾԲԸġ
ԣֻԷӽӲӺһ


壬ˣǾ߰ɣ
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ǺǧȴᣬɣĿ⣬ϹȳǷ
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Ѻڰŭʮɱ
ָָѺڰָָڵĸͷˣָָͼźԼˣֻҪɱǾ㹻ˣΪɱ𣿡
һ˲ը
ʱԭͷ˶΢ˡ
ȻΪһүȥ˵˺ܶ˺ͳһΰҲǲίȫ
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ԣǫ΢ĸͷǣ׷׶Ѻڰǳ
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һ̣ѺڰŶȻĸ֣ԭԲԭ򲿡
Щ˿ԼİĿ⣬Ѻڰظеȫ䡣
תͷϵĸףôϣһ̺ܹȻ۾
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ѺڰȴۣȻͲԭͷ˶뵽ǧǰԭ˫ʥ֮¡
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ʱĶѺڰ֮۾ȴ͵һǰߵ棬㣬콫¸ץΥҸ׵ķּɱţ




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ѺڰǺǼķ
Ȼˣһʦǿڣһɼ̳Ĵڣôɸ߹󣡣
òġ
Ǻǣ⻹
Ѻڰ׵˽⣬һ°ֶΣò򲿣ȻĿǰ֪ʲôֶΣѺڰһеġ
Ѻڰ˿ܣĲزµ˵ɫѿˣһ︡ǡ
ʦͻȻôǲˡ
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˵һʥСңС󺹣Ұ֮˺˴󺹡˭Ұģɱ
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ѺڰٶȽ¸ղŶԿɺɱ֮
ȴδᣬ˵˼תڶ£ʥ˵䣬ջزԭȴһʥĵԭɢˡӽ󣬲ԭҪϳʮ򻧡ʮ򻧳ԭ
δ˵գȻڡ
Ŀ˸ָǰʵʥˣʥǷָʮˣΪʮ򻧳
ҡͷδʥ˵ԭԭͬڲԭϣǱǿ׳ΪǿָȻ˲ô˭䵶͹ȥ֤䵱ʮ򻧳
䣡
ڳ׷ˣ˼ߣĴѪȣֻҪ޷Ǽٵģ޷ֹЩԭǣȥʮ򻧳ķ⡣
Ѻڰ־ŭˣȲԭϳʮǿ׳ǿ򻧳ﻹнյĵλ
ͼźҲֳãȻ֮ɫЩǺǡ
ƺҲЩܡ
δȽڼըתʥС䣬ͽӶĽΪһµȨƣӰ챱ԺСŵʱӻ˺ĶһΪɣֻ̿޷죬ջ˴¡ԣֻ±ն̷Ͽɶػع򲿾ͺá
ˣ
ںһ˫ѺڰֵˣֻߣźߣΨûͬߡ
ΪǶú̫ˣһ½ɽͷƿ
ԣĿɿڴֱԼѺڰƿڴ¾ͷˣΪʥʵˣһʥ־
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ٵģǹƨˣԭ˵ļϸ
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ûдǣǶͼźʲҴģ˶㲻
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漴Ŀֵ̿Ŀͼź
ͼźΪһ۲ΰԵô˿̱ȻϴԭĻҰߣȻһƿס֣ΪϵĴɺ
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ŽɣһȦʵ棿
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΢΢׵ȻˣҾͲˡˣȴԥ¡
Ǻ²л˾ˣ֮æʥˣ֪ǷʲôԸ
ҡҡͷұûʲôֻΪʥĵӣ̼򲿾ʹįϣɺܸ򲿶ֵݳţ򡭡
ͼźӦõģӦõġ򲿷ԲǧĲݳ򲿣ԷϿɶءţ򡭡
һЩɱǣͼźЩƲٴ롣
ҪͣһʱҲͲ
ʱǳ£ΰĺʥˣΪʥʵˣҲزԸţǧͷֻսһǧƥԷʥ֮ĸ
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ﰵˬѣȴΪƽҼÿһÿһ֣ʵϿɶصġ
˵գͼź΢΢һ񣬵ɺ˲ǰɽկѰңԻΪɺȥ֮ǡ
ֳһ󣬲ͼźǧƮȻԶȥ
ȻûǳϹȳǣӣǰǱţȥɱ˳¡
޲ɣǧȴĿŹֵĿ벻ͨӱô졭



ڶʮ ׷ѽ
ǳ²ǺܹôΪҪɱ
ǧΪֶвֱ֮ʡ
ʮ꣬콣ɽٴԽɽū͵ӹڴ˵ó
ĵ壬Ǹ˲õ깦ܳΪʮ֮һ깦£һʮ򻧣ʮ֮ܽͼź׼ܿգΪԭ˵һһɲΪʥʵϾһꡣûִ򷨣ʵó棬ڰУʮǿ¶棬ʥͲɱѧķӶ֡ƾʮʥ֣ѰʦסδûĿܡļҲԳáһ˺Ͳԭϳ˾һã׳ɴ󻼡
ǧ΢΢ҡͷ˼̫ӣСľһдɾֵ͡㹻ǿ󣬳ˣҲǲշ
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½½ĺ￪ʼ뿪Ϲȳǣԭ
ͼźͱͥ˵һƹ£˵ϵ׶˸ɾ
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뿪طԭٶвճɡ
ԶϲضĲԭſʼղɢĵѪϢǧɫÿ
ǰǺ뿪ʱ߿Ҳ̶õٵϵʬѾῪ赲·
ŨѪùˣ
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ǧȻ˼òԭ򲿷ײݳţƥΪԼɣ
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˸˵Щ磬һеϿɶػ˵Ǹ̫̫ʵǸƲ硣ڣٶıƣʵҲûôˡ
˵գۼϦҪɽߣȥɱ£Ծ󻼣

ñǣʥй
ǿʥסѧĵطΪ׼׸ѧΪá
ڴˣ·ܸܵǧǰʥڴѧʱĺȻ֮
Ȼ˿̣̫ȴһ֮Ϸٿά̡
ֻ˺󣬷⣺
ԨʱܹҵӰ죿
ʥ飬ڴͽ֮һΪΣ
⣬ֱ⽪̫鱾
д֮֮ǰ̫Ժı̬ʥ˽
Ǵ˿̡
ŷӵ棬޷˵Υ֮ԣΪ̫ףڷӸǰκλУֻȡ衣
Ҫǳ޷׵뽪Ҿǡ
һη
һʱ䣬̫顣
ǷӲδ̻ش𣬽̫ǵ߻ħɡ
ǣվҪشġ
Ӽ̫˼ʱ󣬻Ҳ־ڻƽжʱһĨο֮ɫ
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̫Ŵطӣڵ֮ʱδ֮ʧ棬ѪУΪ֮Ӱ졣ԵӳΪӹŵӺδΪıȻ˶
ʥ飬ܷӽ̻꣬ʥʶҡҡԼҲ޲ͬ˲ϣ಻ؾϡ
ƣ
ԣǻ۵һĨɫ
ľϣ飬ֻǲТ塣
Ψв಻ؾĴ顣
ǧѧϼʹеʦ۷壬һģȴ֮١
˿˼顱޹
ƫߣ븸ĸ׶ʾ飬ʵ·
߻ħߣ߱߱ĸɱӣø֮ء
̫ͱᵽһ㣬ʵ÷Ӷеޡ
ȻȴʵȻһ㣬ΪֵԭΪѧ䷨ѧ֮ƹ֮ɾ֮ʥ
̫ȴԾɼᶨҡͷӣʹѽӰ죬Ϊ֮׹аͼʹƽȣ´ʳסòҩҽãȴˣ֮˱ƽȣΪ˴ϻۣǣޱͣ衣ϻۡǡ֮ˣܳͷأӦóͷءޱ֮ˣƾʲôҪƽȣҸŵĽǶëǰ㣬֮Ѫ֮ϣ֮ҡƾʲôҸţƾʲôǿȡ˼Ҳƣ˷аǴ
ԣŽ̫ͷʥ֮˼ᶨΪʦΪϲáֻǣƺѾ߹ɡȻƿҸǣڶһεֻΪʹܿѣô˵Ҹǲټִ䣬뻻Ԩ㲻ãھϵĸ߶ȣ߳˲ֹһֻͣڷֱԴϣȴѾʷƵĳУһŪˡΪʦԭİУֻڱСС֣ȴԾѧܣΪ̣ԲΪӣԶ͵ʥ롭
˵գתȥ̫ԣɫһ䣬ſȴԡ

կϪԺ
ڵķǣΣʵɵΣɻܼȥ
ԿЦˣʲôֲȥģ
̾ϢһҲСһû˵㰲ǣΪ֮ǰĻ໹ࡣɽկר׼˼ٸֿɽסƥϣЩʹ󵱼ҵĻʵļʦԼ翸ġԸ֣ҲΪŪôĳ档ȻãǾͲòǲеԸġ𣿡
ǹ˲ȫʹ˿󣬵ͷģǲᱻ˱ȥġС˵Ȼ̱еġģҺСʯСǶ˵ˣֻҪ¿ɻҪ˼ѧŪôģҤôյģˮôġôֵĶҪѧѧ͸ЩСһǰϺλõġʵ̯ԽԽֻԽԽȱ·ôˡ
ԣΪͣٶ䣬ɷֶĳˣԼ뷨
һ̾ķǵļ򣬵пնȥ㴺̣Ҳ¡
֪ˣ



ڶʮ 
ˣӻزز;С
˵ȷϵԤϵᷢ⣬װһѰĺɢҵĴУɢһع鲼ز
ֻǰ׷ɱҪܵ
һܻزԭɱҪѴˡ
ڣǧʥ֮棬Ȼδ֣׷ȴóǻƻΪˮĲʡ
ǧŻҵĺк۵ĳ£ͷ˵Ķԣ˹Ȼһ
ЩԵõǣϧ˸һҡ
ǧЩεĿҡҡͷȴû˵ʲô
Ϊȷһ㡭
ɻҪɱˣ
ǰɱһ£Ѿǹˣ̲ȻҺɱ䣬ն֮ˣҲɱ̫࣬ԣŵġ
ǧŹֵĿһ˰ΣĿ⾹źֶ񷣬ɣ޾˼̾룬ڽ졭
ȴЩһˣǸ˧ƣôдԣñô
ȻΪ˱˿ǣΪԼȫѷϻġ
һںǧ˼ұĪ⣬ʵǿЦãδüѣǧ꣬졣ҵʥߣֻһˡ
ǺЦˣҿû㲻ⲻǱȥ𣿡
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޿̣ỽ
ǧػ㲩أȻһͯƽϣعͷĿƺ˼֣˶٣´ʷ񣿡
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һ֮һڴ
ǧȻӸˣ΢΢ס
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绢ᣬ
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˶٣Ц˵ʥ飬ʥ顣ƨĸܳʥģҲһ¥
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ЦҲ˵»£˵󣬱Ƿˡ书ѵУĿɲ⡣Ȼɲ⣬޵С
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ԣһۣһЩж



ڶʮ 
ҹǱȥ˸ڣʺˡ
һľС檣Ϊңܲʾ
ѰŴ󻧣̫̫С޷ͷλʲôģɻʺȡħǧ֮⣬µһ֮ƣûĺʹ͵ģɴͽĳƤ͸ٻߣһ
ֻǵһҹħ׼īԺٽһŶʵʵģûʺպס桭
ʱ֣ʺȵˡ
ɫ׵ϸűϢЩŻʺҪһȥҲиӦ
ʺƳһۣСɾֲǹĽС㣬ꡣȻȲý㽣֮ΰԵҵıâмܵУСɾūūҲܿء
˫Ժ󣬿üۼдϵĻʺǺЦҵŮˣҲ㣬˭ģ㲻Ҫ⣬ɱɮѪ𾭡ЩаŶҪиôҾ㽫׳죬Ҳֵá
ʺԣ۲ת䣬ҪǰȴæǰɫֹŮʩأ
ͣ
µɫʺ޵Ц
ʵֻѰķ޶ҹҲڴˡ
֮䣬Ǵ̰ͼ䣬ʼһʱǣʱ䣬˫biuޣbiuϡ
ʺ˾ľķүصĹ⣬Ҳⷽԭ
ϵ࣬ҲһһºʵĴ
Ҫ֪Žٲ칦ԭߵľȡɽݾʵ
ħסٹҹһǰƷų칦ʵֻǰ벽켶
ˣħ̵һҲû˽˵˫paޣpaʥάֲס
ޡٲݾеͺϴ統ħ̽˰ħ̽һֲʺ֮ǰǷȱḶ֮́鸡
䲻ǲɲ֮Ҫ̫࣬ǻ۵ġ
ҲõԵĺôǲӲܵġ
˵ŴլڣкӸҲҪͣҪ򵽾ġ
ʺգãɾȥȥͻأౣء
ͷһİΣΪء
ʺǰ뻳Ƭ̣оĲʵ󣬿Цɿ֣תȥ

ӣϺã
ʺȥֵͷ˯˴ʱɫ磬ǰС̫̫밲
һϵèУȻãһۣš
ͷһǰС˵Ĺ¶ƭˣʲôһүôôգһ̡ͬͬ
ѾݵŽ񺱼ˣţҪͬߵַӱɱ̴ˡ
鰮ɸóԵĴһҲ١
ڣĦǸù°壬Ǹù｣ʱЦС
㡭򡫡
ƺֲͬ΢΢һ
̫ˣϲСŶôˣ
СˣЦ򡢽㲻ڼңղſˣơ
ΪڻʱС˵ʱһֻһֱСǰ۾ɰ֮
侲Ķ࣬ƽﲻ˯ʱĩۣڲîʱ̣
Сԣ죬۾תת书ǻۣǰǲҪˣΪԼãҪΪѶδס֡
˹Ц㡢򰡣һɲΪңΪϽ㡣
üͷ΢΢һ壬Сϣôˣֺϲˣ
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Сһ˵ȴѰͯ棬ﶼ̲סЦ
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һǿˣʼձТģһ¡
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ԸȥկǻСӣ˵ҵ˼һˣҲһ⺢ǹܲסǻˣܲסܹܣʱ˵



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ýź֮ɫķǿżɽ󵱼ҡСնˣ
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С
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񴺿ɽⰾ̲ţġ죬һֶԶЦСлȥعѰ׵Ľѵɣַӣûваƣǰѿ󶼳ˣľͷ׮һ㲻ɱܲ㵽ǿܴ
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ûлֵСֵȫĿǰҽҲֻʱ⣬ͷҪ䲻ҩҪΣҪʮ꣬ʮꡣ
־ۻδڣЦԭɫҰ˫ĿڵһЦȻʮֺÿһܻʮꣿҪٻʮͺˣԭսƴǰҲٸȥΪҪܿ¾ȥδӣʵڲʡ
д󶨣ȷʵ˲ѵãȴԵֶûգ书ʤ߲֪ҽʤߣУᳬˡСֵܷıã֪ʲô֣
һֱ侲Ŀⶼ̲ס󣬹ִֵ磬С࣬Ժ󣬾ִչˡ
Ͷˡ
ЦЦԺСɽɽסԺͷ
СɽԴһ̻ûסС㲻˵ҪȻλСǸڶڰשզһˣ
̾Ϣһް
˶ˣһܿ
Ʃǰʱʦһ⣬ֻ񣬾֪ЩͬѧˣЩͬѧһ֪⣬ЩһԴ
εʦһһĽֱ󲿷ֶˡ
ʦֻͨѧϰõѧһȷǻˣҲ͹ȥˡ
ϵݽһ黹׵ģϺرҲԵˣ˷Ѿֵá
ʵģҪģʦ⣬Ȼһʦκʡ
һ棬ħʢ֮ʱ̹ϵĿһˡ
㹻Ժկλˡ
Ȼ˵Щ̣ģһЩʵˣ۹Ž
ˣðͰĹԼ
ƽӹܸ֮Ĳģֻһӣؾصǰоõˡ
ֻ뻹û˵ڣ̫ˣֻòĥ֮ʱˣϽȥɡٻλܡ



ڶʮ ƾ֮·
˵ģ
ϪԺڣǸոϴһĺ࣬źСɽ״һ˫۲ûԲˣʵ
СɽСǸ磬һܺ㣿СȻ˵ֻǲסڲԺͷԺҪҪֻСסڲԺҿССӾ˿̶ˣңǰֻСӵĵ־ǸһΪ־ǸưֿͣүģСӻҲֻҡҡͷڿ˵ѹƲң̵ģѰᣬݺݴһ٣
һӲͷһҡͷһһ룬򲻵ãҪСĴ¡ҲܾȥҪһ˵
СɽæǣСţǻڲԭţأСǸҲÿڸ¯ԸſڿջﵱƹļСܳΪǲ̰

ûЦСˣҲǲǣ
СɽʲôһˣԼֵܲЩߣȥСʹ󵱼ָ˵

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ſϰڿе࣬۾֮£㶼ó
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˱ˣܱȡ



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Цԭսδңءݺҧһڣ²ȥǼȻˣȥ׷Щʧءʱ֮Ҳأֻկʧء
ٶףֻǡ
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ֹѾ岻ˣûȥɣҲ֪һǲҡǰƢԺѩ̲ںСһ


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ʱɿ죬תۼ¹ȥ
կÿղȻʮӪկȣӪկڴ֮ȡ
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ƽĶʯ̿ľջҤˮ
ȻԶɲֻ꣬ҪܰҵԭմӲηࡣ
ȫ¶ҺһƬʱຮ֮أѵõԴ

㣬ٿ㣡
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룬ҡͷֳ˱ҲƵǾǡ֪ǿ׳꣬ǿǰսϱûƣһЩؽ䣬⿿Լֻ»ܼѡ
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˳ǣҡͷЦңСܵ廹¡Ҹ׿ȥһ⣬ݾйʽ¡ҳɽկС˵ֳ񰮣ܸýһͶ״ǡ



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ҵͶ״δȵ굽ǰ죬Ҳ¶ʮСһ죬糾͵Ļʺһ򸾴
ԻʺƷʦľ磬ɫҲЩ԰ףȻЩѡ
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Ϊһδ£ľˣҲЦˡ
ᣬʱһһīԺ


սīԺͼŲ˺þõСһ±ĸߣ
ЦųСһ½𣬿˼ͷ
ϿĺĽѾʮˣˡ
ϲӣѵø˸ĳݡ
ף
һڣʱһ
ͷ˿̫Ҳû߶ѽ
ߣ
֡ɽѩܳɻмͬ˱⣬ЩҲסˣ
ûȴ̴ԲԼͻ˹ʱܶ㣬һҪġգĸաȴûˣҲ죬Ҳ졣ֺ겻ͬ˶٣ɫЩްȻЩϲĶˣҲϹóϹĻԽԽˣǶǿǾͺá
һԺɽЦСǺСɽҲʼˣС㵹ûŪۡ
̲壬Լ˵ٻˣһ㳤ĵ֣ܲţ
ɽЦǣСɽµ֣ǿʼˣƹСˡСǸ˲ãһ¶˰ʮˣСʯСڲԭĸϻػֻһ޾ߣͺǰһˡС徴һǵ໥סţҲͷˡ
ܳɼվǣҲЦǺǵСܲܺǼϼһǳɣôǳ𣬿ɱǶ˻š
æӹ̵ݹľƱԷֵ˵Լҳ˵Щû˼ˣ˵Ȼҵɻûûҹ£һˣĿɵ׻һˡߣСǶǿԼλģǿϵҪϵЩҲܷٺúĥ¼꣬Ժܵá
ֵҲóԼҺӵı仯ŴԣҲ÷ˣһ˵Ц
һĻ￴Ŀ͡



ڶʮһ 
Ʈѩůģɽկǻ£˵˸߲ңͺķǡСɽ˲ʱȱƣ⼸˵ǰĶȡЦ
ֳϣȻ棬ҲԿǶͷĽţЦȥųԾƣǻ֡
ֵ˼֮ǵգϲּ
Сһø⡣
㷹󣬷Ƶͬ˵
̧ۿȥû˵
ЦֱԵϿɶˣ˺ЩױЩ
Цֺʲô
ҡͷԭǵѾͷТ˺ټ޹ûв˵͹ŶĵǺֲױԽԽ࣬ǷڱǶҪޡ
÷ȥ͵ˣ
ֻҡͷһ˵˼Ҿϸ͹ŮţˡϾԺҪ׼ҵģֵ̫ѿ¡
Щˣ壬һⲻһⲻУ㵽Ū
̾Ϣһ㣬򲿵һ仰˵ͼױˣǷҶˡҲˣ꣬˴͸˰ˡû磬Сǰ£ҾҲˡдڴʺۣʮãã˼ǧ·أ޴ʹӦʶ棬˪
ʡ
һԷǸף
ΧҲȰΨգգۣʵ壬ɺã
һʰգںһƬž
̵˷׷ǿЦ⣬ű˥ķһ죬ɺϣϱڣ˾䣺ӷƨ
ЦȤ壬ŮѵޣѸֶ۶˼ģҲ򲿱ƵĽȻ꣬㻹öాꡭӴҲǿЦ
Χŷ߳ŭ׷һ
Ƕû뵽Ȼһ
ҲǣȰٳɸң·ίټɽկ̫أѹϣֻѵȷǳɼҵ˵
⻰ǰͲڷǰף;òʣڷǰɣǻЦ
ɹٰ꣬Ҳðסˡ
˼ҹҲԸţ͵͵ģһٴ˶ǲҪƳ
Աλһ飬;ɴ͸ǳס
Ȼ꿪ͷԧһ˫˫ˡ
Ǻ˳ģоݣ˭֪û˵ڰƤ¶˸һɶ
ɳûҪˣոջǰʹ˿ƣ˶дĴʣ˱ȰϽȢء
ͬھļƣæܱȰ壬ͷأ͸ҵ˵л˵û˺һ˼Сǣһɽկûկˣô꣬ڵЩУٳɸҲôµôˣ˭Ҷ죬ģҵһŹ
ԣǹľ˴룬ϲܷŹֻԩңĸ˵죿ٲܷŹ㡭
ˣȴɽǿЦˣûɷǷŴҴȥ
ȷүߺ˶
ǿ
ѩ֪סֻʴ̵㣬㵽׹ܲܣ
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Цһһ£ҽҿǣֱô¾УͲŤŤˡ
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˵գҡͷԵīԺ
ɽѩҲһȥ

񣡡
̡ʺһʰϯоȥ˻𷿺СЦеĴӻȡһֽ㣬˫͸
Ȼ˽ӹչһһݿ꣬ǣһЦ¶СѾͷ󻹸źôһȮ
СﻹСһ˭
ȻĲǻ¶Ǹ֮飬ȴижǳ
ֿ֣ص𻭾СллСŶǽյõ
Сԣһֿ˻Щ˼СһģһĻã꣬ٸ򻭸õġ
ĸ˸СԹϣͼˣҺϲ˶ʵʱѧĻ֪𣿡
ǹëһؽˣȻףΪôһݣǲϲġ
Сϻ۵ĺܣ֮⣬һЦĺƻһ㣬۾һ˫ߣɵ㡢㻹Ǻģʹ˵ûͲճɸɹŮŶ
üһᣬ£
СЦǶӦֻ˵Ѿ̫ٶʢ£Ҫ£ڴ̺ϲأÿ춼Ҫ˵һ
ǺЦܶ༸˵ҲѧЩҲǺ£Ҳһ棬һָ߼档ͺϽ㰮ϰһ˿Ǽ£Ҳ²ɶ˵棬ʮȤ档Ժȡúܸߵĳɾ͡
СԣĵͷûϽôûܳԣҲû󣬰ﲻ򡭡
˹ۣЦǺϽôʱܰﵽʲôҳԿˡ
СҡͷŲϽʱѾһȭҰˡ
ǺЦǽأʱɲŶڴ˲Ҳˣ
СԣƫͷƬ̺ĵͷ˵


ҹ
ɽ֮ϣ֮
īԺڣʺӽεεſϣȴ˵£ȥʱ򣬻ڶ孳˴Ҫҵļʱ˵ȫûпܡ
˵ɱɮаѶ孶ɱôôͳԿˣ
ʺߺΪɱ̫ˣǱ߲ŷˡô˵Ҳһǧ˿ڣѵͳһһʲô֯Ĺͷӣ书֮Ҳ֪ôɱɮеƤƷʦľ磬߻һߵҶֻܴûɱܻ֮ܲ˵챻ɱ˴룬ϲЩ书ǿŻͲڼᱤŵȵȥ
۾һ˵ֻʣһЩоŻļһˣ
ʺЦ˵ϸүˣʲôʲôЩɱ֮˸ɾүҲˡЩõѾɽկˣµ׾ܵүһūҿйûУ
ε֮ԣвĵ漴



ڶʮ ̫֮
կǶǧɸɵȻ죬ʱǧͣȴ¶Ųɪ֮⡣
ݳءĴսҷǳ󽫾öʮɺԪµʮȴֻǿмܡ
ݳǾͺһÿնҪĥѪ⡣
ʺ±ǰߣȻ֮ңȴͬһѼĴ̵ݺݴĺ롭
£˼ǧĽ̫鼫Ϊߡ
֮͸߹͢
ǹҺͰ˴ҾȻάң˵ʲôѱկ裬ԪˣֱŸս£
ѧΪػ񣬵ѧأϽ
Թҵȼ岢ⷽｪ̫飬Ȼţǰڽɽܣһ±
;Ӱ죬ΪȻΪڹϣ󽫾´¹ϣȱȻеˡ
սԭ͵һͷǿıţǿˮţʲãеˣȻѵؾ¡
ǿָ赲֮ơ
Ƿڣܲɢˡ
ˣ̫Լˡ
ûٳֹ֣ٵͷ̫֪жѡ
еأóغ£ǧʼկһʱŷ²һ
ΧĵغͲɽȫ£͸˵Ҫͣ
ҽֳ̫ЩԭȵĵũѾˣܲٷһ
ˮͬҲ޵Ҫٷ
ҲͰǧ˷ľݣôľϵĳ
̫Ǵϻ۾֮ˣԼ˼ҲԵɡ
կЩ񣬶֮ĳ˵Ļ˵޲׼
޼ҿɹ飬կǳԵģǺȵĺʹģǸɻΪ˱һ·Ȼƴץסһݡ
͸񡭡
ʳǽµؤҪ֡
ǵֻΪӦһ괺ֻҪлỹҪؼҵģǴʵмңûһ
иɵȱǳԺöȣǶֻԸ괺ʱҪı·ء
ߣҲɵܾ·ˡ
˵ֻС£̫ʹֶΣƩʲôģҲӭжˣôľ޴飬Щʧˡ
ֻ̫ѧϯӣôҲ˵ʲôᾴ̳ҪǮǮҪظء
Ǵʮϸ֮ףҵĵӵ
һӣȴ£ΪߺΣ
̫ȥկ֮㲻Ͼܣկסаɸˡ
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ټݣ˲룡
ԣ֮
˵Щϵѹ̫黹УɽʮĶԭĵ軧һӲ¶ĳģý̫ʮˡ
ֲ˳կѧˮﳵʽҤ֮ء
ѣѣѣ
ЩִۣȻܴ̫ܽ顣
Ҳ֪ԼߵկǱ߲ͬҪˡ
ֻҪܸһʱ䣬һܴһÿ֣
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켣ӻʮʮĸҲ˵׼
Ϲȳһս̫鿴ķһϤнӣ̸شҲԪ
һӵ˶ԣ˺ͺñһλʮͨˣһ֮
صѧ󣬷Ӿ˷ɽ¶ˡ
̫鲻֪Ķʦж೤ʱ䣬϶ûʮˡ
Ĵ㣬ûмˡ
ôжá
ʥ֮·ѾǼ򵥵书ô򵥡
ʥصʥԼЩΪʥصʥء
ѧ֮ʵ£ڱ̨֮Ϸʳ˾֮ԡ
ÿһʥ˳ʥȻǽԵʥҲʹù˲¡֮˼ͨ͸ˣƷʥ
ͷԽһأ
Ȼ̫Ҳֻոȶ¸Ʒʦľ磬ʦ۷ңԶһ
ӣܸôʱ
ǷӲڣշϷɽɽ̫ʮǸλõġ
ΪѧԺڵͣһӴļ塣
뿿Щҵĸɾʥ޿ܡ
һְ
ԨԨ
̫鸺ֳ˼ʱԶԶкš
̫ջ˼˲һǰ΢΢
ǳԺһѧԱ񡷵Ľգ̫ҪݳԲ裬æԨĪ񣬿һطɽѰ㣬ܼ
̫ԣͬһʯ㣬͵һ



ڶʮ ʰ·
ɽϡ
̫ʦӺ󣬿ŷӲϵݣĵʦ尡
һЦҡҡͷָָϵϯλ
̫ʩһϯ󣬿͵ķӣȴ̻塣
Ȼ֮ƣ죬ʹ֮¼ѣ࣬ң˴ˣԭս֮ĿģѾﵽΪʦҪءʥ̣˳˴δս
̫Դ󾪣֪СȻ״Ϊ⡣
˵˾˵£
ءʥҲ࣬ˣҲ÷һ˶Գܺһ
ԣҪ˳սһḶĴۡ
ҪȥͶ
ˣ̫ʱסˣ϶ʦܴ˵ܴ裡
ˣһ֮̾Ϊʦƽ񣬼һ˳֮ң֮ҡ˶٣֪ͷ֮ڴˣλӦ
̫ԣ΢΢һھȺһ˿˿ң
ȻڷԨ纣Ŀ£ָ̫ܿ򶨣ϸ˼˷󣬽ֲ֮ɫʦ̻壬ˡɾڵ֮λػֶ֧ʦɾֹ࣬꣬Ȼͬ⡣
ԣȻһЦ˻ֻ˵һ룬λСѵȷҲһλĿⳤԶʶʱʵ֮ʱ룬룬˺಻롣ǿȥͷֻѿ׳ʿ˽ᡣȥ⻼ʰǣһʱʧЩҲʲôΪʦ˵Ĺܼƽʥ֮·Сڶ
̫ԣжĪߵݣжʦɽ֮ӺΪ
ҡͷЦλС֮ԣ֮壺ΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽΪʦԣн𴫳СְաҲǿϧʮŴ壬ǽ֮󡭡
п˼ʽ̫֣Ϊʦ֪н֮
̫ᶨЩۣУʦعġ
ӣȴԣ£΢΢һ𣬵ŶԨԺη֮⳯͢ѣ
̫֮£Υ泯֮͢͢ԵɿɿҡΪѧϯӣиӿ𢣬ͼı߸ٹ֮𡣹ҼТּҼ֮ެԼҼԲΪҼǰй֮нᵳӪ˽֮У峯٣ӵ־ӽնаԹ֮
ƣ
ԹȻã֮˵и֮ʣظ֮ΪʦȻԨ£ΪΪ̫彪ңֶƽ֮ңԼ֮ҲգΪʦձǰʥԶ⻼Ԩճ־ӽϳãɱТ˼ɡ
̫ͷӦº󣬶˶ֵӣТҳݣֻǳԺУλҳϣлдơ
ƣѧ̫ϳ֮ףʦ۷塣
Ҹӽ̫ĵڡ
΢Ц׵ƴΪʦȥ˵¼ɡңТǹТǹңᲢۡ
̫Թлȴһ̾Ҳ֪ϲΡ
Ҳ޷һµԵɣͶο
Ϊѧƶ֧
ʱ£ѧҲͻˡ
ڽ̫鿴Ȳӹ֮Ҳ
Ӻ󣬽̫˷ɽ׼ճ֮ս

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կկϷ̨ϣүϰٰҪͷ̨°мŵİʮҩζġˡ޲Ŀѣƿڴִ໰쭷ɣƿֲ
ΧİȴѾˣЩͬ顣
Ϊ̨Ƚ첻Ӧеصز飬ֻһͷײȫ׵ϣһλɩ
ϷɱԱԶ߹սүż٣òаģգղƣϴӱʹַûү󣬿վɸѵԣүϹźӵвʹϲòͷֻڻүǰһͷڻүڣԱȫס
Ϸת۷ǿֽкá
ǰʮ־۴ݴİսϱǣһȴ絶һ㣬طζըѡ
ǶҶ䣬ӣϷҲдС
ϷϷ·ǵӣСҲ˱裬һ棬ֱŭ֮
˿ţǷǳ̨ǻү̻ɡ
Ϸ󣬰ǹ񫣬һҹٸûһöôһߴŹǷؼ˯Ͼæµһˡ
ǰʮ˺ۣеȱ첲ûٱӣ֮ɲ䣬ȴȥ˵ʮӪ
ǶǱ־۴˴˲Ӫߴ˶ٳôկȥļѽҩġ
־ʩȵȻԶֹˣģ߶ģֻôࡣ
ЩȻ֪ôҲʣ֪ܻףǵҲȻ󣬵ֻҪܻĻʲôµģ
ֻկ䶼ɽկȴǴ̫಻һĸܡ
չǺʱ˼ѾȻͬ
վʮկĿյǰδֵǣ΢Ц⼸λҲתɽկʶʲôˣɿɿû£ѹƵΪ
û˵꣬һǱ׷׽˵ԣҳһţǿկġ
Ƕʶ˵ģֻһĪҽǾ
΢ЦȻŵùǣдŻؼңɽկ˽λС޶ɽկԲɽկŲλֵܣֻλҲ֪ɽկݵϷû鹹ģ߹£ǲ֪аλҲû˼ɽկɾλֵǻ磬£һƵΣƾһԩաд˵ַɽկȥһأλҲһԲѾңɽկﻹĲ¼ҲѰɽկ¡ǲǣ
һƳλŵùߵĶͬ˵
½ɽ겻ʮ꣬ȴʮıˣ½ɽҽɽկܽȫСȻһԸ⡣ɽˮԶģܽҲʶ֣дš
ЦôӾͲǷˣɽկȻ飬дţǿԿ˴ʡｫ¶˵˵ԴȡǼˡҪ˵ãֻܽףϵʱΪˡҲǵӣźӡȻδɼҵֵҲһ
½ɽѰ˼£ͷɣ۵ɽկҽȵģûвŵĵǻһ²ףɽկôЩΪɶ
ֵǮЩı͸˵ˣľǡ
벻ͨկôǣ
ЦΪɶ˵Ϊɶ½ɽҡͷЦӪկİҲɻկһɽѾûлشǣΪÿһ˶Ѱ˴𰸡ҲشǣΪţһɽկҵǵĴ𰸡ڰÿ춼ĺ࣬óľķľóҤҤóĴ죬óĸͲΪ˹ٸүҸǣΪɽկڴǣҵǵλá
һֱһԹ۵࣬ʮսϱĦȭƵģٿһʥʦģһ̾
ѭѭգӵʰ·硱
ʷϵĿ֮ʱô



ڶʮ 
ֳʮѪл֮Ǵ󽫾֮ҡѪԣܣԴ˶Ϻоˡϧ
̾ϢһعɺԪһɸס·󽫾֮Ծѳˡҵ֪丸ҽͻΧҽǿɱһ·ΪҸȣҲþֻǣʮϸţȴҲǲСҡ󣬵֪һԲֳ˾丸洫ôˣɽկһҡ
ԣȥ˵ǿŤĹϲһҪصҲֻɷӸ̲
ЦͷֻЩϧ
԰գǰҩ®

ҩ®ڣ׷Բ·İиոոһҩ
˫Ŀͳʹһ̾Ρ£ѵģµģˣǼȥۣ꣬ҩȱʥ¾ɱҵʦʦʦ滹ʦֵܡʦֶǣһǰҵšǶˣҲҲֻۣھţϣϣгһգΪǱ𣡿ǣôأǺǣǺǺǣ˭뵽ţпܣʥصˣͽģѾඣùϻҲҶ˵ҩȵˡʮӶʮ˭֪ԺʲôģֻҪţͶп֡
һֱľȻңˣ۾ȻתתЩ˼ĿλȫѾɢ˥ϸϢˡ
һɽկȻһĴ㣿
Уղ˵ĶϺͿĺʲô
ĵӣɱʥزˣ
롭
ΪѾˣЦ࣬пŵı飬ôжԻļһ֪ȫСӣú壬֪ˡͣ᲻ȥѰҲҪţſЩɱҩȵˣһʲô³
˵󣬰Ѿܳˣ첻塣
˵գתͷƵĻصڼ䣬ûһ˯ˡ
ү˵Ȼͣ᲻ȥûܰΪʦűһ졭
һƬʱȻо˽ݣ̧ͷȥͼһŵѿˣһȴƤڡ
ϵǰߣǸʩҩ淨˿ͬƲϵҽ
λʮѾС֮ƵĽŻӣ΢Ц׵ָĲǾȻˡ
벻ͨ˻ʵµ׺ˣΪλң
΢Цʦҩȡ
Һ֮ǰ֮ԣȻۣ㣬ɱʥزˣ
üһǺһЦҡͷȻ벻ɱģҲЩɡ
۵ĻɣΪ˽£ȻҪŪһȻկֻһɽկΪ壬ӲգѲвٸͶɽկʥһʦ۷սˣʦ߰˸仹ȲʥأԱࡣʥأҵȻɱֻ֮ҪȱʥҲ𱸡
Ҵ˿̻Ұɥ飬ۣҲ̲סЦ
̫ܴˣ
п£ϵµʿ䣬ԴţΪȤգΪ¶ʮûǰܴ
Ȼһֳһͷʱ˶סˡ
ǰλҪ꣬Ȼǡʦ
Ŷ㣿
ǺЦֶЩȬ󣬲֤ǡ
ԣ˰̵Ͻָ˳أֿʼʹ
뵽ǾҽȺУ׻Ͳ䵽ز
ֻǣҲٲ²⵽Եɡ
ţɽΪ飿

һʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ӧԡ
һۺһ̾ȴ΢ЦｫҺκҪֻǣиˡ
ԣȭһ΢Цҩ®

ɫ绪ӳɽѩɫկҫ
ֳΪΣ
ɽ·ϣຬЦʵ
ҡͷδ˽ҲԴܣ֪
Цʮǰչ¶ͷǣ֮ʮؾУıȡʤʤ಻
ûǿ˼ĲɽկмҵΪ飬иƨá
ǺЦţһִȨʮꡣۿţҪһҡҴһ۵ңһԾΪʮϸŵиţǱԾܣһɥʧʮܷȶȹһأ˵šԣֳļٵȵȿ˵оϲأ
룬ҲеܣԲѵԻٹ֮ǧ׵ã󰡡
Ц֮ܰΪйҵֳ£ʹݶʮɥҪ˱ҵѵԼȥֳҾ֮СΪоϲ



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һꡣ
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ǽһ󳯻ᡣ
⻼ӣڱ߹أҪôڱԣҪô϶ųݡ
£Ϲȿʧأʮ򾫱ʧ
һһ۹ű㲻òֱϹȣԷԭ
ޱɵ
ϱ߳ˮϬӿܹǿ֧Ӧǲ
ݷ򡭡
а˰Ӽ󽫾ݣʮҲһɥ
ʱҴȴ½عԵأں֮ڣɳ͢ȴ޷֮ͽ֮κΣ
ʱˣȻ֮ϣ֮£ȴ˵Уǡݾ˭
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ܹ֮ΪΪ͢˵ǿѹ½̫鴫ҪĽԣʹҵԹǽɴ
ԣΣѵףǵѹ½̫֮ˡ
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ۿҾͣҶ̨ʱճᣬȻֻǺĻŭ
ʸ߾ӻӴٹ٣¼ѣݴϹȴϱʧءټҵҳӾΪңΪޡѣ޹п֮ߣ
ٹ֮Ҷһۺ빪Уиʥ
ǳ裬ֵΣ֮ʱΪ֮͢ϣӦ׷Ϊȣ˵Ϊȡ
Т͵֮δǿڲƽߣȰڡΪ֮ƽϢ֮Ϊȡ
ʼҶ಻ǵһĨ󣬵ŶΪ֮Ϊȣƣع֮ɱȵģ
£عǿ󣬵ֻҪѧڣзڣվ޷ҡ𢡣ҵϣ޾޸ȥȴпɴ󻼡ʶƽ֮ҡ
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ʵǷܵ߸ɽδĹ
ǧֻҪѧڣзڣҲãȨҲգ޷ҡһͳֺ
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ͷǵս֮𡭡
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ֱ̫ĿнĹТϣ࣬԰𢣡

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կϣһԣһ߲£ŻѣһЦ
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Цӳ˵Ҷ˵ʲ˵ĵҿ˵ãʵһƬ׵Ͻⷬҵޡɽ̫齪Ԩȴ֪ɽлȻƫɽСѵ֪д֪֮дȥ
룬ȷʵˣֻǡ
ֳΪ˵бذܣ
ЦΪΪаΪҪɱ䡣ߵһͬҲҪɱ䡣ɱˣáΪǸìܣ޷⡣һʱҲעòˣվҪ
⣬ҡҡͷ̾˵ǿϧˣΪȴֳӡ



ڶʮ 
֮ԣһЦ
̫鲻ӣ
Ϊˣ·Ǿǧ֮·ȲǰУ
̫һƬУѡһǰδе·ߣڼ縺ǧɱ۴ԶǻжϣƵϵ˽ˡ
ֳǵδҪɱеҸ𣿡
ߵԣƤȡůͷ죬ЩãȻʵ
Ϊϻۣ֪·ǶԵġ
ǣҪɱˣ
ֱһƽٰ
ǣֻҪկʮӪկЩһĵƣಢɣܲ
ȻȴЦûȷ׼ǰѾ֤ȷ·ǰС
ȴҪõģһдʵʳ
ЦҡͷӳǲΪɱ¾ɱ¾ܹ黹ҪȽġ㿴Ը⽫óûǿʵļ۸ȥֻҪԸǺңԸϢǶǺӳǴ֮ˣȻףǷƽȣɷ汾Ǹ߸ϵġǼ˵ңսΪµҡɣǿܻϣһ㲻ǵ־תƸı䡣
ǣҪƶԵĹǾȻǿ߻ΪˣҲͰײϵȨڵҸһԾܶū͵ǲԵġӳߵһĵ·ҲܼѣȴȷģҲһܳɹĵ·
ᶨãȻĿЦֳһϯʤʮ飡ûǵıɱ¾ĲҸűѹūƵĻˡ
ϲʹ˵ЦԵģԸǸģԸڸĵģǶԸǻᣬͶ졣ֻڤ粻ߣҪƷ谭ǵ·ߣŻı˵𡣡
ȻʵֳЩԽ̫˵棬־޷ý̫ͬ
ҡͷ˵˵һģĳ;ˣֻһ֡ɱһЩˣѹһЩңĿĺȫͬЩڤ粻ҳײһʱǰȥǻᱻǷ㣬ǻ᲻ϵĶڰº̫֡ʱȶס󣬻ߵʧƺеһжᱻƷעᷢġҲԭ򡭡
ԣ˵ͷ˵Щʲôȴתͷڣ˳ƿȥһһӰӱ̹ǵĽˮڴ𣬻ɫ䣬ΪС
ȻȴЦСϣԽƤˣ
һʪͷϳɲСӰıӽˮܳ˫ֻ߾һôĽ㣬ϵδűˮð̶Ц磬ҿ˰ɣҺöӴ
֪կˣ˿ԲھĽĿϣ̲סʵСã㲻𣿡
Ͽ۶Ƥ￾࣬ƲƲ죬ǰͬڵûһгĳЩŤĵطͷСɽǶǶ˳ۣ֪شˣǻصģˬĺܣ
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üɫϣƶ˲һ㣬ЦҪκ˺СϱȣСһ˳԰˵ķһңԵҡ
һһϵЦһʧǿʪ
֮Цȴϵŭӡ
ڣСǰһתɩ˵Сϵϰʣ֮ϡɽկĵһҪСͷϡ˭ҲȻԺŮʥˣҪѰˣ
ԣĻŭţؿڱ֤ģңҲĳ𣡡
ֻ˵꣬ƵĿ۸ղЦࡣ
Цһͣεҡҡͷ
ûٶĴ㿾ζݺ˿ڿˮ󣬺ءžһһţڶעĿ£һܵһʯԣȻ˫ְסǿ˻ߵĴʯϻʯᵽһԣȻʯƬ̺󣬻ϲصı˼ƿƿ޹ܻ磬ŵϿ㣡
ûһ˫һ۵ɳǼֲֵĽӹտ
򻶿ĶԱ߿ţȻۼɢϢԽԽŨʿˮƵԽԽ죬񾯸಻ҪͼһĿԽԽͻȻɫȴȻ䡣
಻֪ʲô뷢ʣȴЦĿһ߷
˳ƿȥֻһϻССѾͷһ˸ߵĴڹϣЦıܶ

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Ϊʲôǽϣ

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Ԩں˵ʲôȻˣ͸Ͻطɽ
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оŭٶȳԨ͢зȣТԻᴦáѧø껹֣ĪҪɴ
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˵գТ̧ѧе̫ϳϣֻһ⻮Тڵʮ͢سҲҼ
У̫²մһ˿Ѫɫջؾӽ΢΢һתȥ



ڶʮ 
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Ȼͳڣȴѹֲ֡
ѧϯӽ̫־ӽϵ֮棬һնɱ˰๶Тڵʮλس
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ȻûκζʮҲƽջ˸峤ʬ壬һ䡰ԩδ
Ȼκ˶ܸоƽ֮µĿֲԼĳޣ
ΪʲôΪʲô
кζԲ֮˿Ӻ壿
֪֪
̫ϣȽ̩ɽǰ治ɫĽ㣬ȴŭݣ˻ߵĶŽ̫š
ཪҳϣҲ޲ɫطŭ
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βǴɱɱ£̫һɱһϵĻԹ֮飬ϵһسʮֲ֮ġ
µģʽ֮ƱҪʼشѹҡ
ڹѧЩл᲻ᱨң˵
̫֮һɱýҵĴ˲们Ԩ
Խʢŭʣ̫ɫȴʼյȻ䣬ʰƬ֮󣬽̫鷽״ˣԹѧڽͳϱм壬徭ʿм壬Աѧм壬ǣӱһߣ
ʥˣͬ𣬵λ
ʥ飬쳾ʥ˼Ҿȴˡ
ʥ˱һ壬ǻȨܷģ
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Ž̫֮ԣ˳ױɫһ룬޲
ǱǼϻ֮ˣֻǰδйӳߣⷽ롣
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ϽԽΡΡվгߣŽ̫ԨţףΪʥǧ꽪ң
Ҳ׷ɫصվŽ̫顣
ѹ̫ɫδ䣬ϣҪ𽪼ҡҲҪϷɽɽġ
겻ͯĽ̫飬Ըȥһİĵط
ĸ׵Ļ޲ֹȴ㡢Խǿбĸײᣬ⵽ѵ⡣
Ƚ̫һѧչ¶ǷʱҲһΪ˼Ӳնδټ̫һ档
ԣɫѿ֮ʵԨǺ޽ң
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Ȼ߿뽪޹أΪ뽪޹أ㰲𢣿
̫丸ˣüͷ΢壬ӳɽءʥͣ⻼٣ҵʮټɵĶңѵ˶ҡĵزТ˲ܲҡ
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ܣݣ

⣬ɽ
һɭصĴڣ붫Ҷ۵
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ҶǿƣԷʱҲò滺֣ʾ⡣
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£üֵľǺڱ̨ˡ
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뿪ɽԭ׼ֱǰʳ˾ȥġ
ֻ˼һתȴת˲ɽկ򡭡

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Ҷ֮ǰδݹϷĿҲǿĿϷڶгȤϷ󲿷زģԾѡм䷢ĿȤ£˲ʱͷЦ
ӽկʱģһĻĻĻ档
Ƿ롢ضδ



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ӵĵȻڽڣ׼޹콣ǧ
ӺȻгδзֺɷϢȴúǧ
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ͬһͰĶ˵⣬ȿڵ˶ͣ֡
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̻ǺǹԶʹɽկԣʤҡ
ֳǻ۵Ŀϣ̾ԻСѣ㲻ܲ
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ƷأȻ֡
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ۺǧֿϷݺȥҮ
Ц޴£޴¡ǵŷӲҳϣкڣСҲηӣڵ˵ѡʵƽ⣬ɽկ룬ءֵĻᣬƾ׸µɵСӷǵṥԸˣ뿹ء֮ѹȻСҲǰ¡Сϣ֮ܽƽУ
ԣϵ΢΢ȻСѾд˵־򡣡
ǧУǧɽȫͬĸ
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аŹصأկǿõǵģҲع
һŲȻһЦ£ԺСԨǡС֮ɽһ֮ɷ񣿡
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ҡͷ̫һ֣ζѧٳȻʱѹס޵ǣȥ󣬶̫δɾʥôѹƵסѧϣ˵ֻһңһλƺλͳϡƣʦ۷ţһǲѧƱҡѧһң˭ѹסңʱΣ֣
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ڳһʥҪľңʥǰ뷽跨
ǣһ뵽̫ڽϰԵɣʼûס
ʵ˼̫룬̫ûƺ⣬ƺ˰衣ֻǡעҪʥ֮ˣ˭ƺ
ԣҡͷأ뵽ʲôϻǵ

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ͱӺͺǧؽڣ
ԭǧԲöͣܲסҪ͡
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˵ʲôǧҡͷ˼дʫңТġ
ԸЦ룬ǵ壬罭ĴʣСֶⱲҲֻдôһˡд벻һסأŬŬдһڵеġ
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ŷԣܻףȴǵ˵ͷȼ˵
˼ĵ˵ͷϾɽկպĶ֣Ҳݱģ



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˵һȺ䲻ͨ˻Ǽͨˣ̨֮£һɫÿ
Ǵͷһһ۵Ĵ׳ҪǼҲһļУֱٷöͨģҵȾɱǡûѪıôϾ
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ȹʮӪկɫĺ
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ҲҪīԺͷȴǵ˻ţͷ˰һˡŰݻûǵ£ǷǸմ⣬ûûˣϽȥ
ǵʯҧ㵱ǰ㣿飡ȥ󵱼ҵģף٣
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ǵ˼㷴ˣһϬķ
ɽկ󵱼ңȥܲţ
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󵱼ҵǴҵģ룡
һʮɽկ󺰴׷ţȴԶԶķֵοѡ
ǵһֱ׷īԺȴԺſڣɫðİףٵףٸÿͷĿͷȻͨͨǽȥǳԻǲǳԣ
ˣ

Ĵ̵ӭֺֺЦ˾䣬ÿСǽԽԽˣдĲ˽ŵĵ
ʲԸÿţⲻһƤ񣬷ҪԷǴ㲻һ
ٺ˵ҿˣ
ǵһĺ޲÷ɱʽӣЩˣ̿ȥˣѵ
˸ģǿЩЦˣ
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ŻѪǿЦݵ治˴̣Ǿ̰ݸ꣬ͬ󵱼ҵĵϲף١
˵ţԽﴧһó
ָϺСһȥ˹̻ǿûвųԷѵǿֻǸѾͷ벻ǵۣ
Ӵҵ
ǲ̹ˣЦǺǵȻǣ͸ҽȥȻƲķˣ
ǵԥȻɿͷ졣


ϺС￴һȺɫڣȤһ˱һﻶЦ
ҪѵæǣҲСֻô˼治Ҳˡ߶׼˺öһʱСǵＯϣóԵĺúȵĹܹһӶû澰ҴҪӣǵСԴ붼벻ϻ¡
ͣ
СԴ;òĺСɽһЦ˲̧ۿȥȴʦ̫ԵһСЦһ˲ɰ˰Ƭᵱ̣ҴҸȥ
˶ߺ󣬴ټ࣬ô
Ҳƴڻˣ̣ΪǺáģϹ˵ҪʱʱѹЩһΪɽկ˵ֶǵƮɡڣӪ£Щ˶ǡŮǵ檵Ĳ֪ж١룬ٲѹŵ㣬ǻǶ˴ɱֵһ죬ЩŻʹأ
𾪣û뵽ӣСǶǺúӣڰɡ
ǺһЦҲ˵ǻԺɽկԽԽջֻԽԽǿǸ˾㣬Сôɫҵǿס䵽죬ôţ̣˵أ
̾Ϣһ˰ˣ¶Ҫʮ߰˸Ҳףȥɡ
ԹһЦкߣȳԷ극ǿþ͸
գֹ̡ϡʺݵЩԼڣʦ̫Сһǰ
˱򷢳ȥʱ˼ĸŮڡ
ټ϶˺Īơ
ҪĪƣŮӣ֪ôۣȻ㰮Ҳ֮
˺ĪӰ룬Ҳһкˡ
ȻЩڣɴȴϲ˶࣬ϲŮӶ࣬һкֻһˣַǷ

ͣׯ԰
һ˹Ľ̫鿴ǰĲ֮ͣɫҲɱʵ񴺣ʲô
񴺲Ƚ̫ĻͻʣȴԴһѲңζҲһȣֻûд򿪣ָˣȻǺЦ֣þò·أڣݸꡣ˳㣬Ҷִܸһԡ
̫ԣĬƬ̺󣬻ʵʲôԣ
̾Ϣһʵ治仰ǶЩɵͲȴ壬Ѻ۶壬ɼѣûӦһ֮
̫ԣв֪ǺζҲ֪ò֮ԡ
û̫ãͼᶨˣΣҪһߵףû·ʵ֪ɾк棿
񴺡ˢһ´ȣ֡žһ𣬳Сת潪֣мһԣηڲ㷨Բ֮ڣǧˣӣ
̫ԣȻ֮س



ڶʮ 
η
ڲ㷨
Բ
ԣ羪һ㣬ɢʱڽ̫ͷϵơ
ѡĵ·Ϊ֮ԣӶø³
ĽңŸ˼Ĵۡ
˰ĸ׺ͼˣҲĿɳ
ѧڣΪѡʥ˿ĿҲ֮ǰӵ羴ڴӺ
һУ˵̫к޷Ӧǲˡ
ʹδҡ֮ģͷҲѹ˲֮
֪˸ТΪȣҪ֮ҲηԣԼģ
ֻҪͰİѧʥȥܳɾʥλǰ֮ࡣ
ο·
ǣ̫鲻ʣ
Ѿ˸ߵĴٸȡΣ
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Щ㲻ӰĴҲͻĽŲ
ȱľʱ䡣
Ϊӵʱ䲻ˡ
޽Ľ̫飬һ̣ȴһ˿Ӱ
ɾɾΪӵܣ˵̫ˣ
ηڲ㷨Բ
ȻǧֻصһףѾ֤ǲʵģҪǿάֵģô
͵øģ
֮͵ñ䣡
ƿصԣֺҳݣ
һԴɫĿƲϸǣʥ֮·ٶȽĽ̫飬ﲻɰֹ
С˵λ̫һ֮֮ļֵס̫ǰһ󲽣˵ֱͻʦ۷壬ĵȴעԴСԽƹ㣬Խ󡣷пɣһȥĵƱر̡
ĵһԴ£һղóʥɽկĻᡭ
ȵկ֮º󣬽̫лһ֤ʥ
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Ȼһвϡ
ֻһΣ̫ѻͷ
Խ̫ľδ벻㡣
ǣ뵽ˣΡ

ʹ
ҹɫˣȻ»ڣȴԵЩ졣
Ǵҳһʳ谮ٲϸ˵һɽĹ¡
ȴͬ췽ҹ̷
չɫǵĿŮŮ˽ŮˣĸŮңһӡ
ǣǸɽ
ңѾȢ˸ɽӣ
ȻʽĻȴչеĵ˲ٱٲСɽɵĻ췴ţʳδܵס

չԾһȻæȰµٲ㸸ʵĻˣĪʹǣˣ
ʣկһ˶Ҳûʲô顣
ʺǺһЦⲻһȴһʥʦ۷壬ʦСҲ֪ʹʲôаʹʵŷµģ޶硣ټ֮ħ̸֣ǿɾµĴඣ
ʻһתȻЦɾȴҲסɽկʥʥŶʥԼʥ֣ʥҲܳ֡Υǧǰԭ˫ʥǰ֮һʦ۷ʦȵկԶԶѵʥءҪٸҶ֣ҶҪҵţ
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ҲǣȻΪʣѧ£ֻ£ҲΨ
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ʥأʵҲҵġ
ǽ̫ԶնɱТʸɱ
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ңְֺޡ
ΪĻͳǽ֮ϣΪĻȨܵҵļԼ
Ҳǰ۲ŴԣӹµΪԵʡ
Ϊʿ͸ˣ۲ŴҲãӹµΪҲգʵϲ̫Ӱ졭
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ȻһЩȻ˶ٸиǿ±
µµΪһЩҲ̫࡭
ָоλµΪߣҲʵΡ
񿴵һרΪеСɽŻӲ֣λ˼ʵǱֻ˼ġ
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ٲҲСӵġվһʥֻҪ֣˭Ըֻ϶زĴƷҪ
˵ţƺԽԽߣţСǸȤСԽԽϲزۡٲдŸ˵˵ģĪҪ׿ɱˡɱˣ޲뿴ǵҵ̫类Ҵݻ١
˵չЩȻôϣٲʲɽǲ
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ʲô

»ջĿ⣬һ̾òƽѵĻҪдţ

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Сɽˡ
լԺڣǡʯţȰСɽһǰߣһ׸ʲôãҪ١
ȻΪСЦúСɽ䡣
СԴ
ʵСɽˣŮ˶ǷǳģֻεģȻôЩС¡
Ʒ̫ˣͻ˰ȡЦ
Сûʶǰۣ൥ۣȻҲѧȡЦˣѹӡ
СɽıûеףСԴһֻһС˼֣ӺɽƢСǴֵֻ̱֣ܲжԼɽկǧˣǼĸЩ񣬶Щ¥ҤͿġҪһҪǣǲǳ׶֡һȺСӣΪǵأٲùǰһʺǶԲȵģ
һСɫʣǿЦ壬ЩǶⲻȰСɽôҾҲñϥֺСҪƲģǶ̤ʵغúøɣƾʵѧҵ
ɽԣͷǺġֿСɽСɽæҲģû˭ǾԼģҲúøɵģǶ
ɽûٶ֣š󣬵аɣôǵԼ׼ľȥûˣøȥɡ
СɽʹӣæͷǵһЦǰ˲ߡ
ȻǸߵһ룬ʶĶסţʣԲۡ



ڶʮ ̻
Է극;Żѣһڲ֪Ůǰ˲ߡ
ɽ·ѣһķ߲ˣԹúõģֲ֪ʲôáӴﻹڡ
ǺЦҪұ㣿
ûҲ㱳
һұұ
СһϵСҲТģ̣Сһң
ЦԽ˵Խ񣡡ּҪæֵ߿ߣĸҲв𡣡
˵գǰȥ
һӺڵλá
æõ̺̺ãô¡
кһԴŶӵʦ̫ȻЩ쬵ģһ𶼶纮ˡ
ǺЦӦ£Ȼ԰ͰСϵ˵ǽգǳ׺ĵһҾ׼ЩͬٿʺݶˣЦҪϲպҲС
ʺ棬ҿȦҲûʲôЦɾòͽ磬ٽһɣ
ЦСҡͷ˵ᡭ
ôС檣ֺ˾ͼδʯתǴܳһˣߴ󣬱һÿı¨
С㣡

ССһҿȥ֮һС䵽ʮ־ϲ
С˺һЦ󣬾Ϳʼܼӡ
˼ȤҲͿһץץһӳӣǰæ
ͲӺܶ࣬һ֮أԷֳС
ȫ׵͵ӣףտ֡
΢΢ףǳЦ
⣬ɶӣ
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ԴʧķǵȻذɣһС׼ġ
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һ˫˫Ц̻רΪġѣһбĴãԲСŶȥ档
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ŷٶ˵ʲôһ˻īԺ
һҹȻЪ˶
һδߡ



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ЦȻկҵķԶܶ
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мƲƲ죬ƨ߿ֻǳɹһҪԭȴȫԭ򣬶ռһ롣һ룬Դǿѹեȥ¡ħȺԸµظũ
ŽԼȫ̸Ϊ֪ʥҲ޷ħȺȥֵء
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ȥˣٿ룬ԺԷ˵Щæһ컹ûæҪڷϼ˵
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˸룬÷󣬴

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˵ʵͻƳƷʦЩ˶ò˼顣
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ֱ˹ˣ
ûٵٸʵףһѽ𣬷ϣЦԼҲ֪Ϊβ֪ͻˣѹûˣôˣˣҲû취



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ھԵСڣ˵˾䡣
⼸ʺݵЩʰʱ͵ͷ˯ˡ
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ǲͨĹȻóһֹΰҵ
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ڹŴձķڣĶŮӵ
Щ۵ĸо
¼ȥԭϸʯһҪֹӦܶˡ
Ȼԭϵֲ㣬ǻ˹ȥʦѧϰ̵ķӡ
ԭ϶Ů˼̣ȻŮܸɣŮ˵ŮˣǼ̣ͨҲͼһ˺ȵľ͹ˣһֱһ죬ȷܲס
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Щʱֻڴ˲
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Ѫ𣬶ʮֵĲףףԩ
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շ֮ʱȴһŲ
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կҩ®
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ԽҪܾЦ׻˵ĺãվʮֽͷˣʮѸֹ˹⡣ǮɽˣǹɢӢˣδӢۡӢǹҲֵסšԽǻƽǳ̲ҪȥȼҾˣûӰܳ£ֻϧҲǸԣ֮ˣɽկһж鹫УҲմ֡Խٱá˶ֵز̫ƽǹ֡ȳǺǱ¡կڱػм档ǽ·ұΪѣɳ֮ƣ壬ԣҾŽԼҼҾߣն֮
˵ţ䶵ȡһѾ۾ԽУһ䣺أ
˵գתҪȥ
Խƽɽİݵڵء

ܣ˵Խ𣿡
صīԺ˿ϵĲԥ£ʵ
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ϷѾˣȺЩͶһ֧ӡ



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ʱŷߵ֪ʱٶ˻ڰУγɣֽȡԪɼ׼˿֧ẉ̂Źһ

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СðţæҹΪ
ڣһ˵ڵġͭ¯촽һ̻ѩţ¹ֱʥĽһţҶׯϷºСﶼСס©Сɫεʵ
˻ΪЦҵȻֻΪҲˣţҸţ
Լֺٺһ֣⣬ҲǷֹţѧˡ㲻֪ǸϿɶϳɾȥԭפʮŶãһûůĺѾͷ
ͷоĴԣӴ˵ǺúõСӣˡ
Ц⵹ڣ⵹ڡ̣Ľԭۼҵĺ԰ͺںϣͱز˵̲⣬ɿ˵Щǵİգͺͨ顣ɽկüǧһ˶ռԭŮˣѪޣԺЩѪޣռסԭ
Цһޱ̳ô죿͵ʴף
ûȻҪЩ޴СԭĻô˹ߣ
Ƶ˶ɣͰţɣ
ЦţǲͬʮһǺĵģůѾͷůѾͷᶯ顣عͷȢӡţҪ˱ѣͿӦȢ嵱ţһӱ˳Եġѽ˵Ҳһ𳤴ֵܣƣΪЩ˵Ķò٣ôģ
׹󣬶Ϊ⣬޵ҿɴû˵ͬ˵壬ǰ׵ģ
һЦǣ
˵ͨ촫ɽկˡ
û취˼ˣΪѵӪɽկÿ˶æˡ
ȻǰڣңΪҲ͸ŷ
ӪεĹԱڣѾЩְշǵðկ˲ɡ
ˣֻЩҲկ˴ϵæ
Щͷº
ˣӴ齴ˣԿԡСϣ㣬ҪƷζԡСŶңԣ
һţպպõ齴Ȼһ·漴ǹľͷҪ˾жˣ˶̲סЦ
Ӵҵѽ̫óˣҿԣ
ºк¿ӣԳͰˣһĳ
һʱ䣬Ӵóԡóԡ㡱ˬ족ĸ̾˷ԵȻ죡
Ȼûпڣȴɰ¿ӵٶȣھá
ҳԵĸˣԵĲˣͣĽһкõѩţ¹Ҷƺ㡢ԡϺţ衢񵰡Ƭȸﲻ
ʱҪĸ齴ļ齴˭ҪƣҪСŶϺԡ
һͳѾһʱȥˡ
ʱһԵ𣬳ȴ󶼹˲ãһḧСԳˣ
ǺЦʵ˵˵ζô
˵Сｿ򣬺úóӴ
̿ʦ̫ζ㣡
ʦ̫ʵЩ˼ģΪһŮᣬղų˺ü⣬˽ˡ
ʭӶ˲ҧˣҲνˣ̥ˣԵⲻʲô
ͷǺóԡ
ʺȤĶŪķЩæĽй򵷹
ЦŬ£վΪõǰҶ˵ħˣúõɽȻȥ¡ڿɽˣЦµûˣΪ뵱ʵ۳ưԵȴˡﶮңЩΪһܺúùӰաֻ˼΢˵㣬ôҶܺúùӣ˶ѡô˵ҶṼԼˣԶһλ
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ͻ˵ʶôǸᣬ׬㹤֡Сǳɽկ˶ٶЩҪǮһ룬ʣµһҲùҡ˵ˣСú͹ӳףûࣿȻĲϣǾͺúŬɡ
⻰һ˺ЦЦҲٶԡ
ʵЩһܵԽ࣬ȨԽ󣬾񷴶Խá
νɧҲǰڹͰˡ
СֻǸų𣿡
ԣٺЦ׻֪ңѰ˼ţֻһζĿɲУԸǣҪвϱõĺӡ⣬Ҷ֪ɽկȻǼǣҲڸǸ˵ŬѡͶáԱ֤ţȴδܳԵúôĺáɵĶˣŬˣɼˣԵõ֣⹤ֿҾɽկ￪һֳ꣬ҲֻռǹֵĹƱһŬµˣһһ˸߸˵ĳһʹ죬˸ˣǾͻᷢԼŬгЧġҲԸٽߣӼ͸ɣȻֻ߿ᣬһУ˿϶С
ʦ̫пֵҽడӣвƴɵĵ
̺ЦðƴɻˣҲǰǵ¡˵ŷӦԼЦУӴӴƣﻹɽկĸˣʼİˡȥЦɡ
һֱĩλŵҲҲ廰ˣֹ̣СŶʱҪѲ͸կСء
ϲҲɱ˴Ǻˣ
𿩿ЦǰⶼˣǺͷ
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ԭ𲻰ȣɺֺϱ󣬾ջЧƤǰˣ󰮱
ֻⰾϱıҪʵĲźãǶҲڲڵϰ壬ֻҪ˺ѱԾС
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⣬ȴץסѵͨûŮ
һĻĻӵĻ棬һЦů㡣
ǰֵ̫࡭

īԺõϲ죬ſջھԵʮˡ
ʱֵڣټ»ңȴһЩҪͶկ˱⣬Ⱥ񴺻⣬ֻж˺Īƶˡ
ɽկǣֻǼ룬û붯ҲͲǿˡ
ۼҪʮˣĶһڴߣϵһձһԲ
СƣǲˣȥǵóԹɣǵѰЩ
ǣʲôأ
ʲôĶˣկЩִһæĲˣǻǣ
ǣЩط治ǡ
ǰɣˣȥʲôƳˣկȥʳҪˣֵǰæ˵СӺϺӶڰСӣǳ㶪ˡûƼǽ̫ˡ
ǣðɡ



ڶʮ 
ʲô
ϣλЩϵͣ඼Щơ
˵ݡ
Īƻ˵ЩŮʵδҵһͿ
ߣһǵһǣҲٲʲôˡ
ɶˡ
ĸִŮӣȴʲôʡ͵ĵơ
бĳ޳⣬ʹЩƫǸСʵδرȺ񴺲ȥ
Ҹɻһˡ
ҲΪԵɣնģſջôڡ
Ҳ֪˿Ҫʲô۶ӡ
֮ԣ˵üͷҲ˲٣ô㿴ǣ
ûӣⶫ˴ֱֹ֣ӻӵİɽկΣټͺӵ׽ϵܷɣ
üģͳ𿴲ˣ㶫¹ͣ˲֪һֻ֪ǺʣôˣҲ֪ﶼЩ£۵ĺܡ
ɫźÿЩֻǲ԰ʳɽկӰն֪׬ֳԷҲ磿
ˣҲû˵ģǡ
̷أ
Ҫſջһ̫ƽ
˳˳ǣʵǲǾҺЩѾͷһú壿
⻰þڵŮӲˣ˵˭أ
˵ȻоƵĿ⣬ȴмȺĿȦ
ֻ⼸ĿͿóһȺû˻ɵĴѾͷ
ЩͷۣһЦ˵˾䣺ֳǡ
ԣ۾ʱһЦһû˺ʡ¹Ҳ֪ɽկֳܱߵĵضԭӪȫֳǡǧˣ󻹻࣬ʮĶأͶϼ˶Ӷࡣټϳ棬¥ݶ̡ô̯ӣҪһ㹻ͷǻ۵ô¹⸱صȥȥ
˺ɵĿʲộŽɵ潻ȥܣ
ЦȻͶ¹ȥֻ͡һЩΣҪ¹ˡ
ԣ룬Ȼ׻Ǹ֣ҲùֻһջţӦ´º󣬾ʹĪ뿪
ߺ̲סǺЦҲ֪ع˶λʥ֮Ůʱ᲻
ҡҡͷЦ˵Ҷˣδϲǻ֡
ʵع˲򶫷ҶˣǸô죿
û˼һȥ˺ӵǲңЩˡ˵ֲû취Ըˣ˵ˣȥͽ̫顣

֣ٱ֮ʣЩ˵ȻͱֳǸĵĶ࣬ܵʮկȲϡǣ֮ѴʵЩңڳ͢ѧ
ڣ·һͻƽׯ漰ң̻ἤȻ󲨣ٱڴˡ
ǿΪ֮ٲά費˵±롣ΪҪ£վҪٵˡԱΥ˵꣬ʮʮ궼δгЧ
֮ԣ̫ɫ£ͷ֪ԣһȥͱ̸һ̸ȥѡˡ
ƣǼĲͬ
ѡԱֻܴӪͰѡ˭ܷڣ˭֧һ̯ӣ˭λ
ѡĹԱڻԣϣȱ۽͸֡
կûзӣֻˡ
һ£һ
ֻܼ̯ӵ̿ЩѡĹԱʵѸٳɳ
̫Ͳͬˣԭʹʮϸţִ꣬де˲š
ƾ꣬ȺѡٵľӢ֪
Щ־лͷأδز̫
ˣĻЩ˵ȥˡ
ֻǣԽˣԽɽ˧˿Ƭˮ
߶
ɿ֣ˣ֪ȻˣǱ̫̫ѡǷɽʮܻ꣬ɹǡ˶٣̫ɫأڿżɽСӣϽֲԸɱ¾֮ʵƹ㿪ܼҲ־ƹ·
̫Ĭʵ֪ɾкθУ
һһһΪ̯Ķʿһ嵱ƶ

̫Ĳ⣬ɾߴͽ̡
ǺЦ̸ϴͽ̡лδ̸˵ν̯ĶǽǧʳյĶͷ˰̯ĶСؼ沢Ѿص޻֮صľءһɵѫ֮壬ȴ°˳ϵءȻǽ˰ȴɡͨգûأȴҪеصĸ˰ۡйƽԣ˰̯ĶУɼļոΪһ
ʿӵĶȴý˰Ҳ÷ۡЩͳͳתƵϡִغͶΪūʹùѣǷԵķͷҪʿԱһһЧĴؼ沢
ƶȻʳȷͬм̳ȨʵϣɷδõʵʩռҷּʱõϣҸźô˷£֣ܹ˷ƹ㿪ҸŵÿһӵܣȨƽȼ̳мҵô½Ϊ֮ǣҡ֮л£

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Ȼܺǰķӽͻã
̫ߺ̲סЦֳ̫治׻Ǽٲף⼸ӣɱǰǸӸġƶֱǾҵĸôӦ
ǺһЦӳǽ̫龫֮ףֻܿԼ㣬û˸ҰǸߣȴ絽һֵ֪˭𣿡
˭
ʡ
Ц֮ңʹľֹ̫һ˵ġԶģʵѾˡУĵĵʡ̫ˣʵϣҲٲʲôųѧ֧֣ҵûôǿ󡣵ǽ̫齫ϣʱȻ֧֡ӹȻܳɹϻʵܱˡ
ЦЦʵֳΪܳɹ𣿡
ҡҡͷܡ
ͷЦҲΪܣ̫ˡֳıߣΪİ㣿
Цӳ㲻ãǶ·õĲýԨȥ·ԺǾ׵Ķࡣ




ڶʮ 
ҹʮһկɽկ
־۳ԾĿ࣬ƺΪԼĶˣʵӳ˵ʲô
һҲ𾪵Ŀ࣬㲻۰ĵܵʲô˼
սֳ̫ΪιʥһΪ̯ĶΪʿһƶ
ཫ֮Ҹ޲ɫ䣬Ĵǵʩ֮𣿡
־ҲҪϾ֮ģӳ²óѣҪֻҪʳЩ˲ʱݷߺһɴͶɽկʮꡢʮʮ꣬Ƕȵ𡣿ҪǸʲƶ˭мӾҪҵֳɼݣ˵ãǰҸ෽ܼҴҵ˭ҶߣⱾŶҵֵףٸһ֣ФǻƹԴ˼߯߯
ԣϸֻڼ˵˵ҲͰˣȥȴ˵˵˷ιߣҲʹе̼Ҵңȥ
ô˵
־֪ӷͬСɣԸѹе⣬һ˵
΢ЦףʵʧȥغмһܴȥܴһܴɣɳΨ˳Ӧ˴ƣǰзļ壬ܲ䣬ȥ
ɫѿҪҵļңܵóѣ
࿴λֳҲûʮɵİգǣĿǰϣ
ͷ󣺡ӳԹŵ񣬿ܳµģ
෴ʵկ£
˵գֶ־۵ʳֲʳʳʥػţǧȴܣܴ˰صҡܴߣҲ޼
־۵ܴĲ࣬ΪÿͻһԭսΪ
ЦҲȻΪֲФܼߣǴͷ
־۲Ը粵ӳԸ鸽Ϊ˳Ϊ罪ʮϸţǧ֮壬Ϊ˱䣬Ҳɼң岻塣
һССң˼ѣֵ϶̫Գ¡
ֻһοأպ¾࡭
ҡͷףʲô֮壿ҼһնףҲ˱ܴѹףȷ˶ΪһҲ﷢ͼǿʹвܵģڱټӵܣ׿ȴΪΪǵճһɡټ壬ΪճӲͣ־裬ʹü䡣ƶȴܱ֤֮ףÿҵĿʼʼ΢ĩƾһ죬ſһҵȻܣΪβܣֻųԶѳɴ
ԾָɣĴŭҲ𣿵ճӳҵ淨
ҡͷ磬ֳּ˸˽̫һԣ¶ģƷΪʦʥԱǣηڲ㷨Բƣǧ֮ǰѴ䣬ֻڷơ֮ңǽѵ
ˣ˶ټ磬Ȼ޳ɴ˷ͲصǺʲôǸ˽֮ˣùң
˵գ־۵ף´ˣѾ˲òʱ֮ңֻǿʼǽβĿǰֻˣֶ֮ǿС׿ԣԭ֮ͬˡǰʥڣԭֻ¾ڣĲͬˡ
־۳ĬʵʥҲڣͲͬˣ
ЦЦܼ򵥣ΪʥڵˣվŵģҡҲѾ޷̣Լļװȥ


īԺ
Щڴϣ΢΢㱡
ˣ洺Ļʺ̲סԳЦһŤϣûڣԴǵŮʩأҹƶɮٽŮɫˡ
ۣ
ʺϣЦĻ֦Ҳ
һԷ̵ľѾҲͨ죬ʱƳһĳС졭
ˣ䲻˸սϽǺñӡ
Ȼк¶棬ĺΣա
һЦ󣬻ʺͷһ߻ȦȦһߺʵɾԽ̫Ҳ̫˰ɣͲָ䣬ֱӳʥˣ
ҡͷô򵥣ĽҲ͵Ϊֹˡȡ·£ⱲӣһȥΪĽᣬħߣҼʩҲû󡣡
ʲôʲôҪģ
ʺܾý̫ϵһһˣѾĲˡ
Ȼ˵һ仰ȴ˲òŴƣһ
ϣȥ°벿ٲݾһۡʩضܵóѣ



ڶٰʮ ɵ
ɾ롭롭
˲þһԸ£ʺԲѪ׺ף
ۻʺӣʵħôѪ׺׵ģ
ʺԣɫЩȻ֧Ҳ
ʺݺһۣȻȻֱ˵ˣɲ
ƲѪݳģֲ㡭û˵ֹ꣬סˣŻʺڵ飬˶٣ʵãѪݳģ
ʺСĿһۣ˵ͷѪףǵġֲѪ׵ķֻʥزУʥ̡
ƨʥ̣⻹ʥôţ
ϲһ˿飬Żʺʵ
ʺһæ͵Сɾҡ
˵ĻᣬʵأҪöѪݣ
ʺСĿײͬͨ˵Ѫ಻ֻʦѪ࣬Ҳʦ۷ǿߵ󡭡ֻЩӶɣѪ׺ԶʥصĺáҴСͲģǴʥŪġСɾ㲻Ұɣ
ô㣿ҹֵħ̣Ҫ磬ҷǴɣ
ʺһŤͷԱߡ
Ц㻹ҪڣҲɽկǾͲʶˣҴʲôˣ
ʺͷҧ˿ڣʵǲҲһ
ҡͷûȻʺתΪϲ͹Цûɱ޹ҲûʲѪףɱץϴŵѾͷ
ϴţ
ʺҧгݵ



һţͼڳµһСϣͿ˵ţʱϲĽе
ɿЩ࣬˯ˡСŶô⣬ء
þ¶ڣֻ弸䣬ˣȻ˵⣺ҪЩ
һʵҪʲô
СЩ˼ʶ˼ѣǶûѴڻ䣬ֻ˵ѣǡ
ԣ΢΢üͷôܣɽˣֳǵˣᷢĲƥ֮áÿ˶Уôᴩõ·
СæģͿҲ֪أ
ԿͿͿĹĵΪȺͿеԵĴĶҪӡǹŮģҲӡղѾͷҪŮأ꣬ġ
֪ˣʶ޶ԡ
С۵ĿͿ㣬ԭǱӽҾ
ۣ
һͷЦ
ͿЦãʥСʲôʹѧ̸˭˵ģ
Сﱻʶ˺󣬶ʱò˼СǺϽ˵ģҹϽ˯˯źȻͿˣ˵ˣ̾˵ģϽ˯ˡϽҲˡ㣬ԺҲˡ
ͿʮָжԼ˴˴ЩСԹϺݺ˿ڣ㻹뵱
Ц٩СŶ̫Сˣ˵ЦҵԵɵ
ͿʲôˣȻˣ¥Щ᲻֪
ʮ˳ɼżӺ˵˵ʱܰ˵ЩЦ˲
ЦЦĿȤϸɵû⣬ֻõвãҽֻ˵ūǡ
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ʺЦү˼Һ͸˼ֵ˵Ҫҵţʹ˼ңԭȡ֮
ͿվסˣѰ˸תȥ
ЩŮӿԺ˵˽˵
űŮӵ棬ȴ˵ڵġ
ƤҲЩ̣һ紵ҲͺˣϰѵСŶأ˵˵ʲô
СѾԺˣŻʺʵ㣬ҽ򵱵
ʺ



ڶٰʮһ 
ڡ
£Ȼôձ飿
ǲ֪Ů֪ɽϾŮӶʱǾһͷƤ顣
ģŮӴŵѣȥС˵϶ĶֿĿӣŧĶС
ûҲϡ棿һΪû㲻֪û㲻ܵءʣĵѾǺõˣϱ߶ȥͷŮӤֱĲ֪ж١󣬾͸øмǸĸĶˡ

С϶ɫ£ȴͬĵͷһͷ
վⲻУⲻԣŮұý󡣾ѰռãɸóԿҲ޶Ů
ԣĿŹ֣̣ĳ˵Сǰ£㶼𣿡
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ڷԲĻʺһڲˮڴüǰٶȼʰˡ
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ĸϻŵʱ򻹺ãƫɶµһЩȻˣԭǰ۸
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ȵ󣬴̽ͷӣҲ˺һϵб硣
ԭӦеصȴһŮӼͷǼܵѹ˺ЩʰСŮܱȵģ
ϹҲסԹ˶أҲ棿˭ûഺ֪ʱ򡭡
ԣһЦûٶ˵ʲô
һӣǱߴ̵ɫҲˡ
Ѿˣλɵһţ˭˵Ҳɡ
ⲻСϲŸ͵Цͱѹˣ
ЦƨҪû磬Ҳأ
ûߣٶ㿴вУǰͷǲǸСŶѰЩôȻСŶǻ治һȥСˣҲˣûٶᡣڿŮУǵýÿÿŮͯͺӽѧ顣
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ҡͷ˵ȢΪҪȢͣҪдڣҲ졣ٿȢɽկȴǰ˺ֹʮ̺ﶼЩ飬£ǼլĸסۼбļլҵġƩ統࿤Լң֮Ա㣬ҪԭԼҼȢ˸š

СûЦȥ
۶С󣬶Դ̵Լλĸ˵ҹŮѧһţ˲֪ж١׵ҲڴˡԣΪŮԺˣ飬ûлŮУרŵѧӷҲܳԹסˣƽƽܻġ
ԸЦģȻ˵áǡôŮӣ㶼չˣչ˵ù˵Ҳװ
Ѱ˼ңһӶѡףҪѶٳȥ
Ŀ⻷һȦЦǿɱΪúˣֻһŶɽկҲСˣԡֻǣҸղ˵Ů˵ãСơ룬ЩŮӣǵĴָĽʮǻὫǵ˼̸ǵĺӣӰ쵽ǵļͥ
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д꣬ʺݸû㣬ү
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ʦ̫ԣ¶ǣȰʯͷɴ⡣´ǧ꣬Ź棬Ҳаδػ棬Ͷһɽկ˵㣬㽻񹦡ʦ۶ʦûз书ɱţһ¸ô죿
˹Цղǹ뷨ţҽɽկΣùܷڶʦ֮¡
˴Ĵɷ۴Ǹͺ¿ʶ൹Ҳˣǰһ㣡
ĳ˲ҪΣʯͷܻ򲻹
˺һĨҴ򲻹ɽկеʰͺӷľǣ



ڶپʮ 
ֳ⡣
һѰѰɽˮߣʺվһԡ
˿ˮϽűƽƽ档
ȴ޸̾Ȼ˵á
΢΢ǷǷֻЩ֮ա
ǺЦҿ֮ȴȶλʦֶá
ԣصɫ¶һĨЦ⣬ҲֻйӲŻΪ
˵գǰӻȡһذףȻڱСĻһȦ֮ھȡȻˮһһֻһһһʯ屻¶һںĺڶӣӴ˽룬·תмǣ·תɵһľšľʵΪԺ԰ˮһؿľ׮Ӵ֮󣬱ɽ¥ڡ¥һ¥ľ棬һ񣬴򿪺󣬱̫ͨظֺܵڸδߣѾȻġ
ͷͼѾ죬ӿڰҲ֪
ȴӴ˴νֻ̽ۢϹ֡ȷλãǻȷؾǷǰµֺ⣬һȷ󣬹Ӽ۷ͺãԣΪԷһ˭ҲҪӴ
˼άܣͷǣҲ࿴˴һۡ
ʺƺˣЦಮأ߽ȫಮָû¡
ЦŵͷȻٶԣƬ̺ת˺ڲ׵ܵ

͹
̫ظ鷿ڣһʮͷɫԥԱһعǧʯٷ˿ڲֺݺ˳
طʵɨˡ
Ǵ쿵ĳ죬֮񲿵Уλ磬ǰ;Զ
˭룬游һӸ򷢵Ŀຮ֮أԻƽ
̵Ľ
ӳڴؿ֮ذȻոܵõôһᡣ
ʲôݣ
ʮϸ֮ףҵĳ
˵ڳ游ŵع࣬ڶɽϣǾԵľ֮һ
ݣҪƽ
游ϺͿˣ
ֻЩҲֻҸһȴҶ˵ĸ
ĵţӵ֪ܲڲҲƲңץסβͣ
ˣ쳤̾һƽȵĹٲլ
֮ѰֻΪ˵ӲʺƵطֳǹһ׵ҲˣٿຮҲ֮
ڴ˵ֶ㲻ڶɽλȨصԽɽҪ͵̬ȣغլλüëͷ˵ˡ
ˣֻһۣҹϲۡ
ԽˣټҳҲԽ׸Դλˡ
ۢүүСʰˣ
Ա΢ƣ칪վںլһľС⣬ϹϾʺ
ãŴһ£
ذ׹δͷ
ɫ˰ףһСΪۢүү˵һ˵
š
æۢүүС첻֪أԷ·˼ҡֻ߹С죬κιկ£Ҫϻ㱨
˵
ϹǰףҲ̫ˣ»˵˺ÿֵֻıġ
︹һ󣬳˵С⼸ûû׵˷ֳǵļҵֺܲáʮĶؽԳկ˽գҲկū̫͡ظ͸ſ⣬˳ҲկġǰõʳΰͣկǰʩмҰ֮ƣҪկ⼸ˡʳվûóԣС쵣ġ
ʲô
ڴ̶
æүүڣСȻǵկˡֻǽʳˣЩգ¶Ҫ
ڳĬ󣬵ЩղǼȻѾկūͣΪū
֮⣬գϧ
ȻǹЩƨյطʵɭϣǹǹٵĹټˣǹؼҪƾǲ˵ĵͷһ۵㡣
˵ɽܡ
ƲΪѣ˻׻ǿǵ˶Īǲ֪£
æӦֻ֪֪һ㡣կһʥ콣ɽǰ콣ʹѪկ±ŰңҪꡭ
ֳĬƬ̺ͳֻ࣬ˣֺϷ֣ȥú˽һկɣ֪ˡϷʦֶϷ򣬲£Ϊ֮ɡ
ͷһæүүģСһ£үүĺ񰮡
˵գСʵүүѾûһˮˣ֪ʱҪţ
˰ΣڲŴһ͵ÿֻʯףȪɡ
͹ϹʳȻô
һȴǣ

ҹʱֳ֣̫ظ֮Ժ԰ԵһѰɼĿľ׮Ȼᶯ˶ľ׮ϾһҹµĺˣϢ˳ľ׮°ڷŹλתۼʧںҹС



ڶپʮ 
֨ѽ
˲ʱյķű򿪣һ̶ڿռŵԺڻص
ڻδɢ֬һ¥Ҳصαأֻɫ廨ЬͲżʹôЩֲ
ȻںҹУĿԾܽһп
ڶȥĨµ棬ֺһ϶˴ȷˡ
ȻûˣǾ㲻¥˰ɣ
Ұο˾䣬ȻʼѰʼϢǽǰƾϢ죬ʥԸ֪Ĵڡ
ߵһ¥ǰֿµ棬ƺȴϵı˲٣ǰҵʱɨˡ
˶𣬹Ȼһһ򿪣¶һܵ
ˣһ˳
Ȼʱɫһ䣬Ϊһ󼸺΢ŵġۡŲ
ԭΪˣɲδ
Ϣ˵£Ϣߵűߣӣ͸ŷĿ档
ȻΣȴͷƤ
ֻһɫӰԶ¥£ͷɢһһӲľ
˸۵ģ
ʦ֮еĸ֪ɫӰǵŸɣ
ԺڣȻˣ
ǵӰ㽩ӲȻΪûĿںĴá
ССУǡ𣿡
ŲǻСʵ
СУ𣿡
ء
˵˵ֻѹ
⻭棬ʵЩˡ
治뵽ȥĴ˵Ķ̫󣬽
˵ڱ̨ʦûмֳǣš
Щ˻ſ޵ȴկʦš
ʥֵܶǰ£ԱʦկھԵ·磬ۢϹǰ¡
ԣֻܳ桭
ι
һкûŮгæһǰס졣
ŮֻһӰҪŵľҪУɽжûУ۾һ˹ȥ
֪⡰ڹĿ£ԶԣҲ֪ʲôӣϰ˼£תѣϤ˺ڰǡڹ̫Կ
ţ
ͦÿ
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ʵ
ŮŽߵÿˣǣͱڻС
ūԪԪԺˡ
ԺĹ붼կҲͶˣ
ԪԪҲˣֻ֪ģû˸ҷ˺¡ҵѾСȥˣȴҲû
ԣüͷʵѾǺܾǰˣЩʲô
ԪԪﻹЩûĵģûлҲûʲôˡղ¥пΪСлˡ
˵ţֵᡣ
ȻҲ֪СҲزˡ
еݼӣˡ
ˣȱޣ¥ϵţȥѰЩԵģٴ뿪
ԪԪԣŵĿģˡ
ֻϧߵŮƷ̫ߣӣеڶ˱ȵùʺ
ûӦֱԪԪƨŵغ󣬲Żæ±Ȼ̾ϢһӹԭûãѪ㣬ЩʱʳǷѣеǾ壬䲻ԣȴ裬ǲˡ
ԪԪɫɷףֵҲصǣ֢ΣϢ죬æ󣬴ȥϸϸΪʩ룬¾Ȭ
棿
ԪԪץסһݰ㣬ֱ֣ͷɿ֡
Ȼƾ¥һصĶڡ
׵㰲ţ֮ǰͻ
š
ԪԪɵӦתȥ
ԪԪգգ

¥ĹУ˼Ҳûʲô
λԪԪȷʵͨ书ü١
Ȼˣʵ߶ġ
ᱡ֮ɨѨʱʧȥж
ΪܷһزʶŮˡ
ú֮ػһ¥򿪰ܵ

կ
˴ʦͣɫҲܲʦ̫ЦӺڼһɽȥ¾ܻ
ʦ̫ʱ࣬²Ҫ֮ҲҪҪȫԼҺͺӶڼҵ㣬磬Ҫɣ
˹ЦΪⱦŮޣӲƴҶЩСҽҵϣҲƴ硣ǵĳǲ˵㣬СҽҪôǴ󵱼ңҪô÷ҪôħʥŮֻ硭⵱ĲΪЩԺܷĵ£
Ŵԣʦ̫۾ˡ
Щ⻨Ư˶ٿ࣬ܵһ˸еˣҲÿˡ
ֻŷҪúñԼҺͺӶأˣŻ
ؿڱ֤İɣȥȥͻأ
񵽵ϸ࣬࿴ʦ̫һۺתɽȥ



ڶپʮ 
һ̽أ̫ظ֡
Ĵ㣬ɱۢ˳ôֻһ·УǾջؾ
һջؾǧؾ޷ֳǾʳҪͻΧ
ҲƣΪʳ
ǰ˸Ϊߣʵֹܲһˣ
ǰˣϡ֮¡
ԲһԸ
˵صһ˸ߵĵصѾͳ˱ȼ˵ֻܹǰС
ϢżǰС
ʿ࣬˿⡣
صأʦ֣̫ܲ죬Ųע⣬Ǿ͵òʧˡ
н˰ʱߵ˾ͷ˴ξͷȴϣƽԡ
һ߼שһСţ֣Сһԣһܵǽϣ֪Ϊ
棬Ƿ˻
˵߶ɴ
˰ΣҲûʲôץסھСĽ顰šשȡȻ̽ͷ⿴ȥȻӭһЩùζϢȴѻȸʲôҲûС
СĴ߼Ķȥ󣬾ͼһĸߣֶˣ⻹ֻеһ
һȷϵȷ֮ûжԭ·ء
ڶվȥǰľе⡣
ȻһΣȴʧˡ
ţؾͬǿʢʢھе޵С
֮ǿͣ۹֮׼ǹ̡֮֮
еֻ࣬Ǳ߳СҲרŵ
ؾͬؾΪµһǿ䣬̱֮䱾
عԷ£ȼɭϣǭװȴԾͷء
˰ӻԾξ飬֮ھ¡
عұǿʶؾ޵С
ϣǷӪרŵıϡ
ؾȴһʮʱ
ҹҲ
ӪִƸԵľеͳһ档
ԾկʲƵĻᡭ
˻غǰһҲؼĵطֳ̫ظ

Ӵ
̫Է˸ջЩ
ůĺլӽСֵ̣ӣֱͬ
ǲѰů벻ԶǸħϹ컹ǾĽɫݺá
һȥۢ밲Ҳۢϲ˷ţÿ峿ֻϹԺҾߵףȨ밲
Ȼ֪ۢϹһоĵΪϹࡣ
ΪԵãѧʣʵƽƽ棬ŲϺš
۶飬Ҳֻ֮ˡ
ȴӵӱĲֻݣ֪ı¡
𳤿õĵطһҪλ˲
ƾһ㣬ǳ
һ磬컹δٶǰլ÷԰԰ңң밲ɫϣ沿ʱҲͬɫ
ݰգҲͣϹϾ˳԰ţһ֮
÷԰Сڣۢʲôû
ѵ֪ʵΪĽ֮
֪֪͵زܿһЩȡˣ̹Щ
ԾһɽԼ䡣
÷԰黹µͷȴ֮гɾ͸С
ɫ̫δҲЩ䡣
뿪÷԰ڳϣҪ鷿ȴҲС鷿ǰ˵
֮üͷʱΪС첢ʶҼӡ
˴֣һֻʮӡ
ȴܼҺص⣬ҽλˣˡ
լҲֻʮ˲ʸ룬С˾ڴˡ
Сں˵˿춼Ҫˡ
ˣҲΪãǰȵңô£
Ȼľģ̧ͷĿ⣬ľȻ
󺧣֪£ҪкʱúλСڵ˫ϣſУ³ȴˣСôˣ
ССæЦүǴ̲ĴүСͶ£мϲΡ
조ûν鷿˵ɣ˵˵ˡ
˵գתһ鷿
Һ͡С֮ڣֻڽ鷿ǰλССˣ΢΢÷԰࿴ۣĿ΢΢ǡ
Ȼɫش䣬еĵ˲תΪȻ
ֱ÷԰򣬶ȻһǿļϢɭȻƣһ̶Ķ䣺
ӸҶ
ҧ׼һӶʱȴһӰ÷԰𣬵鷿ǳ۶ȥٶ֮죬áСζ壬գ۶š

һ⺮֮գСĺ󱳣͸ˡ



ڶپʮ һ
վ̫ظ鷿ſڣ÷԰ǸϹʧƬ̺󣬻СŸоǷ򣬺ȻһΪǿϢһš
漴һҺ
һĻžۢϹŭԵɣһŵϢ˼
ֻǣʱϸ˼ʱ
һҴʮˣ⣬оˡ
Ҫ̫ظ㣬ҪϹ֮ǰϤͬˣ
һۢϹĻɣձȻ
˿ѾԼġݡӡԺʹ˸񣬾ҴǰȥѰˡ
ڴʱո˶ʼڸԵλæµû̫Ҳûķ̫õĹͺˡ
δüཻͲǵֲϢػ÷԰
˸Ѹٻص鷿ȥѰ죬Ⱥǲ
һжˮɣû˾к⡣
Ǳƻ
ҲΪƷʦľ磬ֽƻ¯ĵزͳӡ˶û书Ƕһ֣Ʒʦ̫Զ޷ֵסƻĴߡ
ǱʶΪһжġ
ȰźһУ̫ظǰԺҺƺʲôˣȴûٵȥѰ˸ȥؽȡ˵ӣʧˡ
Ѿ֪ÿ÷԰Ҫһء
ȻϹΪβףǳˮֻҪϽʳͳɡ
һյĹ㹻ˣ

ֳﴦСɽڡ
ʺɫЩֵ̿ĿֳǷ򣬲㣬ᡭ°ɣ
ˮкâ˸ŵ񽣣
ֻǹһյ蹦Żҡҡͷ
ʺĲУ㣬СɾڳܳˣҪҪҽȥ
˵գܵǡ
Ȼȴȵվס
ʺûκζסתСֳۢ˶
⻰
ҪϿ϶СƤһٴͣ
⻰Ҳʵڡ
ӵ书ڰ伸ɡ
¶ټֶۢΣҲһ˵£ȶ
ʺҲӦúЦɻǵǲѣ˶ţ߶
ﵹüͷĿɻǵĿֳǷ֮ǰۢϹƳ죬һҪ󶯸ɸģûϢأ
ѵ
Ľһ֪ͨϢһǣʮ
ȴȥܻĴơ
һʱ䣬м尾֮

ţ
ص¥ڣ¥;Щԡ
Ȼû飬ҲóѪ
ëһ˲էȻƿ˶ţʱ·׼ȥһɫӰڴϣ뿪ʱûȻ
˷ݣҿ˿ڿѪԴ
ľƮ
ľӣͰ
λԪԪˡ
ѽǡǹӻˣȡȿȡ
ԪԪɫǰҰЩ˵
￴ԪԪϺڵϹ￴ࡣ
ʮ߰˵ӡ
ɽկʮˣ˲⡭
Щͷʯ𻨼תȦǰӻͳֽЦǺǵ˰ɣɶ
ԪԪۿȥʱЩ
¸ֻռҲɰôŪӻ
԰ɣ
д
ԪԪЦһùӼЦˣūҡԲ
Ӵңÿ˻ˡ
һץץףȥ
˵ţִӶͳһСһЩס
ԪԪԥģ𡭡²׵ɣ
Цǰ˿һ¥и𷿣ǰŴؽջ̴ѣͿˡ
ԪԪԣмлˡȿȡ
ɫӿֳһĨ⣬Ȼòˡ
ҲѪ³Ѫӿ
ģɫȴģǰҴͨҽҹεĴֲڣٸơ
˵գҲ˼ҵͷǰһס˼˪ѩ
ԪԪƾ£漴ЦЦĿӣ֪ûūﲻʣ
üͷɫصҡҡͷԭʹ֢֮ܿˡ
ԪԪ
ʹëľ
˵գ˼ҵĸ첲źãϢȥȥ
˵꣬Ҫȥ
ȻδߵſڣԪԪվס
ɫһЦȫۣһ׼Ŷһ߻ͷʵʲôҪĪԽࣿ
ԪԪ˿̲ڴϣĿĿûȤôģ
Īɶ
䣬һ˾ƽض𣬼һ˲ɵ˴ϣһȴֻߴһǧĵ˴˺š
ūʹӣ￴ģɲҪ˵ǴϿŶ
ԪԪһתۻħо֮ϣﱯ
ôʶŮˣһһû
룬Ǿʵʵ˵عĻϵѪζζһ




ڶپʮ 
ĻԪԪƺˡ
Ŀһʱʧԡ
֮ˣܱѪ֮ͬˣ
ǻʲôȥֲͬأ
ƺæ͵ᣬҲǱ̬ɫħģɽկǧ¥Ůӣˡмкö񼲣УԾ˺öࡣζҾˡҪѡٻʮ꣬ҲԸǵζ
׹ԪԪſڴϲҶ
ҹΪŮ˰ݵ㣬ɦѨλãе󱳷亹
˵еˣ֬۶תȻǳ֮డ
ôڲ£
ԪԪ￴ͷ亹ǺһЦȤ
ɿԹ֮òǻۣȻҹҵĲ֮ȻҲ֣ϵĸǸ
ԪԪЦЦĿڴȴһ㣬ҾССͣòŮȴƻ֡㣬治֪Ǹѡ
Ŵԣ˲һʧǷȸ
漴ɫ;Լǵãħȸƺͻʺһȡ
ԪԪҲȸü֪ң
æ˵˵
üŪۣȸƨϲĵһֱ⣬Ūֵģ
꣬ħȻûһʡ͵ĵư
Ե˵˶һֻ۱һֻ۵ֻ֪зδɱʾձ¡
ȸϲȻҲǸҪģɵҲʦ֣̳ҵ²ˣܲ𣿡
˳֪ǡ
ȸɫǺϵʦһʥ̽
ˣ
к˿ԭλȸĵǱۢϹ򱬵λ
Ϊ˱ɱ֮𰡡
ôλȸҲʮͷںҲ͸ղʿձҵꡣ
ô⣿
Źʵ
ȸԣֻ˳ƺкЦζ⻰Ӧ˵ɣλկ󵱼ҵġ¥ʲô
λı죬̽կϢȻʲô
ɫۢϹ˵ϹѪҵȻҪΪ𣡡

ȸͳ˲䱻ҪĸˣЦȻǻ֣ŪŮһѪ
˸ˣԪԪɫһ±ʱ֪ǰλǸ˾ˣæָɫǰۢϹͻȻǷ˹ɣ
ȸ
ô֪ʱҲ㱻֣СҪлģ
ȸûЦȥЦСɾǲģҾ㣿Σ˵ҲǱˣԭΪỤ̄ܵѧϢȥ̫ظֳܸЩϹһϡ˭֪пãҲɱһƤͱϹҪܵĿ죬ߺߣ
ԣ̲ס˳ǡ
СƤԭĲʹ
Ŀ
ȸȻȵ
ջĿ⣬ɿҪͺ˵ˣͲֳˣ˵Ͼɱˡ
ʲô˼
ȸȻϸֳһĨȻĺΡ
֣֮ҸղϢȫޣȻ˰
ȸءŻһˡ

һӺߣҿˣ
ȸֱߵ͹˲Цˣæסȸ
һɫ˲ͬʱȸҲ˼˽⡣
˳˱ĵز̸ܺЦһ
˵ȡһ룬Ѿҡҡ׹ȸˡ
㣡
ȸ붯֣ڻҵѾѹƲסһѪ
°ڳȥ㿴м䣬һڵצӡڴʱԷ˵ĺâۼĿڷץȥƻһ㣡
ˣ˲뵱ͷУȸ˫ĿʱԲͫ׷ŴҲ֪߻ŭһ˹ȥ
Ҳû㣬Χǵ˵צӡʩ롣
ʱһһȥͷϵĺԽԽ࣬ڵȴԽԽ١
ʦ磬ԭԳѭϢ
¶иȣһ֧ٶȹ죬ɵٶȵֲϺķѵģȻͽס
ʱڵһ˿ʣɫҰѩŲ֣һγ
һγȸĿڴд治һƺҲʧӰˡ
ȸˮסü¶һĨЦ⣬ȴһԶ޷˵Եȥ뻳С
ȸ



ڶپʮ 
źſԼȸɫȻ̸Ϻÿ
ҲܸоҪѾ漣ȬɵϢȴ˼㡣
ʱɱ
ᱡˣˣ
ǣµȥ֣
ֵСúɵѾͷصĸ棬ʥʥŮԸʶȥС檣
ɵѾͷɵСӣȻ֮ϡ
ĳӻвȸϥ죬һ㹦ɫѾָ糣
Ǽߵľ磬ָǿ֮
ȻѾȬôò˶ʱ䣬ϢҲ͵˳ˡ
Ҳָһ롣
ʱһԵȸЩΣԥ£ǽ󣬿ʼ
ĹԭòһյĹ򣬾ָ߰˰ˡ
ȴڵոսһͷ·һӰ㣬һ¾Ͳȸϡ
漴ȻȻ̩ͣϣϣչ
Ϊʢ˥ԲɱģСȡȸ
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֪СƤթε˵޵ľʲôаҩȵġٲݾħ̣֪ħν˱ҩȵĹáٲݾصͺϴһνɾʥħ̽ѣǧħ̾Ҳûֹʥﵱ״˵֮
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գգţۣĿĿղŲ˵ȥЪϢ



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ˣһ㲻ʦ֣
ֱֱϣԶǰǸӣԵ֮Զ޲Ȼŭǲٺը̣𷨿
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Զ˵׼ˣ˹ɱ¾ת۾ͱԣ
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ԶҪװɵĵȾΪ˵еȥ˵ġȻĵȹɱ¾Ϊȥֳǣ
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Զ˵˵Ϊկĵ̣
Ц˭ĵ̣ʦ˵Ĳ㣬˵Ҳ㡣
˭˵㣿
ֳǵİգ


ʮ·ʦԣյ蹦ա
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ԶկŪЩֶΣҲȽųҪ֮˲ƫԶ֮
Զĵײţһݿܣܵģ
˼֮ȴЩŹ֡
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Զ˳ǣѰһЩʣ˻˵ֳկġ
Ӫʣ˵ֳǣ͡ͽЩնΪùկ
ȻԶȥѯʵֱɮ̽ѯɫЩŹֲ⡣
Զʵܡǽܣ˵
λֱɮ˶һֿۣ۵ķˣʦĻսֳկ֮أΪֳİգԿկȼöկеĳլӺͳء
˺ǺЦʦ棬ˣˣƾֳ֣ǵĵغͰնΪУѵկĵ̣
ԶԳĬãȻʦѰʣҲš
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٣δʡ
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˵ͷֹħɢˣħʥŮȸ˳կկĹ¡֮ǰԭսǧ㵽˲ɽЩʦŴ󵱼ҷһ𵱿ʳž˳ǧ
Զüͷš𣬿ŷ˳ˣΪβͬʦ˵կħǣ
аȷ
Զկһɽӵħͷӣɫѿ
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ʦֶˣҲĪҪ̫ʹλ̫ʦ棬ȴ̫ʦ⣬λԽʮ꣬Ҳ쵽˷Բ켫ɾ޺λʱˡ
Ǻʹ˹ԶΪΪնɮ֮λֱɮ˸е飬˰ο˵
ɮΪɮ֮ףֻΪ컯ͬһУ𷨺书Ϊ˿ɼȷĵλ
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ⶼǰս䣬ɳϺ롢ɱΣľ
ɺԪǣؾݣˡ
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ԪһλȸĪ˵
λˣǺڱ̨ߣ𱣻ʦϡ
Ȼ˿̳³ϵɫÿϽ£ɺҪ׼ϣǳˡ
ԪԴ󾪣ˣ
³ɫأƵߣϷԼհ͸ûϣ۽ĴǷ齵һҹѾȥϳٳû
Ԫɫ˲ѿȴԱһ˿ϣǣ᲻ǳʲô⣬ǣϣһʱ鲻
³ҡͷϴûô⣬书ҪôӦˣҪô
Ԫϰ֮ˣж˽⣬޷ҲһɣߵĻ·ӣĸƷʦ
³һ㶮ʲôǧ֮ǲϵС󣬳ǣһٳĶüü浱꣬ƾһԳڣʥܿ⡣ڣʥǿԺʥ˹еľңлһħҲǲСƵ
תЦʥǰЩϣɺֻܸǰαǣЩ˼ȻȻˡҺڱ̨ʦʮˣȴʳ˾ѧºܵ
Ԫ°ȴǶüɳ˸ü
³ɫһڣȵ㵱˽Ǿ²ôһٳһıҺڱ̨ϣҲáʱ̨Ի֣նͷ
ԪԣЦˣ޵֮ˡ䲻ᣬȴҲ㹻｣ˮȻƣȴҲûкô٣صĶȺûӵ˻Żջˡ
˧һ֮Ԫ˿̹Ц˵Ļܿ촫һʱ䣬ؾԭͳʿָֻ
³һԹۿƬ̣ԵͷȻиеֶΣԪܴµһͷ鴫

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ǰԶϿջв̫ൣǡ
Ͽջ֮ӦǾ䡰֮ѣ족
۱ؽţؾɰǰҲ֮ء
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Ԫ˵񣬾Ǹڴ˻סｫİΣȫֻҪｫǣҼ˴󹦣
ԵĶŮ˵
ȸȻ᲻ʺЩģأ
ǺһЦͷ˿һȺɫÿɮᣬЦ£ҪɮʩҩΪʦʦ̫Ụסҵȫġ
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룬̫ԶҲã磬ɡ
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ۼ˵Ǻɣʦ̫æЦЦĪ档ʩص㣬оڰɣϾȫ˴ȣԴӲȫˡ
Ȼ֪һƣǺȴҶˡ
ΪʵڲƷԣڳſʩ룬ǲŽ
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ʱȻд౨󽫾СĴʮ⣬ѿɼؾǰ棡
ԺǺһЦȻؾӮ˹Ԫ֮ս߰ɣҲҪʼˣ



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磡
磡
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µһ۾֮ƣҸոսʤԳʱѪԶյɱȡ
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ףɻ֮ҲҪԱս൱
ĿǰսռݵҲᱻؾһ״
ԼղûԽ޴ϹƱơ
ţ׼
ؾ뽣ŹСһʱҵľ
ţһִʹ󣬼ʸľΪˣƬΪᣬִӦǶųǽ䣬ڳǽԱ㹥á
Ҫһٶź򡭡
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ʱؾİٲ֮ң
󱻳ײʿݺ£ִʹһǹֻһĺХǹһļʸءŶѾţƤܵؾȥ
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ΨƺԤϵˣһ֣졣
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ʿʱǵ㣬⼸겻˳ƽܱ֤ԱͺܲˣҲдûˡ
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˺ԣɫʱ滺ÿࡣ
˲ٶԣٸŹء

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ԼǺ֮⣬ǲ⣬üһʦɲ©Գ죬ϢȻľҲָ̫ǡ
Ǻɫʦ©ȷԳѭϢȴиġ·Ǽ򵥳֣ʲôһٶȴڻظٶȣǱĸɺľôҪָԴͱҪײ侫ѪƾָҪʱ䡣ʱʦ˵ʮҲʮΣաҪָԴҪףʥأҲ޷ṩװгԣνУ·вƾף˲ƣǽƣѪ׺סʥ˼ȻԶΣҪǿϮ˲Ʋɲ
ԣʵЩ޷⡣
ս򱬷սֲû
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治֣ȷ˵ð
գգۺɿǺɵ´˶ף

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Ϊҩ洫һֱ߾ѵҲ̽Ѫ֮ص
ûзϣǺЦĿǰû̫Ľչȴӽ̫°벿ٲݾмͻơɣԻҵ书Ӧòڻҵҽɣò׼⣬Իͷɮ顣
Ǻԣɫã˺һ󣬷ˣ¿ɲֹӺʹ󵱼׼ס
ѾǺĵˣܽɮӽŻȡףȥ֧Ԯˡ
ЦãͺãҲ⵱λ̬ɽկȹһѣؽղ񹦡ͻš
ǺԣЦͷ
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Ŀʦ̫ţɽ಻蹫󵱼֧Ԯ
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ţ٣壬Ǵ죬տˮ⣬㿴ܲ취ϵţأ
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Ŀһۣɫ䣬һ̾Ȼ˵ұǡֻԪعţǺѡ
룬Ȼʦ̫ʦַ̫žأӶ಻ɱǿҲһЩֱɽկھ⣬˿Բ԰æϵţУذѾӣͿ̿ٷϴˣиţؿɻ
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񴺺ǺЦСˣʲôıֻ˵ǣٻܻȥ
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ʮ ľϲ
ԣ۾عɷϿʩҪ۸Ƿİտ಻ԣлᡭкڱ̨ѹţѳ򰡡
ǺЦһѳѳʮ˴ܲܳ򣿷ǺϺеĻңʦȷ߾涯ķҲԭһǧʿʦȴˡ
˼Ƭ̺󣬵ͷЦɣԵΪʵڲѡҲɿգعɽկƣ̳ꡣһ
ܷ쵽Բỳɣֻһ㣬ؼסһڱ̨֪ʦ֪Ǵعڵңһ壬׷ɱ硣ԣЩƶֻܼһΡ
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񴺺屡ֲͬýѣϺݸߵ͹ֻҪ̸ԸཻΪѡ
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ΪЩֺúڻңʵΥ񴺽ѵԭ
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ЦģǾһءνʧˣ˵ؽʧʧأ˵ؽԵá
ЦҲҶԣȸҴ̫ࡣˣңʣµģ飬ȥĪơ
ͷ˸Ǻתȥ
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ɼׯأҲȷʵ״̺Сζʲô˵ͷض粽롣
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ԲΩһƽʵľ߼ɷ飬˼Զʲô˼ѵϷ򻹳ɣ
˼ԶԳȻǣԳϵĶͺǧĹӺ񴺣ȴġ



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˵գһƬů³š
⣬һ紵̧ۣͷѾб̫
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Ŀһһˣһۺ󣬶һ뿪īԺʧկ
գǴսǰܰʱ⡭



ٰʮ ı
չȥˡ
عĻɽһƽլԺڣȴԵòƽ
ʮƷʦڴˣ⻹ֻϵģ￴ĵطϸ߾ĸ
Զ˵ÿһ仰ģԲΩˣĻɽµСԺģҲж
˼Զ֪կкжˣڱ̨ڵϢ˵ǲġ
ǣЩҲǾ˼ԶҪկġ
Ĳ־ֶԸ񣬲ѿһóѹԴˡ
ʳֲʦȥ͵ʥʬɢֿƾĴɱ
οŮóɱ֮ܵõʥʬɢ˵绢ʥֱɱ˭ɱ˭
ջկס
֣ԶӳЩֵָժ⣬棬©Ϊһжġ
ǡ
ȥˣկ˵㳲ֻû
ڱ̨µľɱ߿ˡ
ʣεĳϸ̫ϴϾ˼Զĵһ¹ٻûš
û˸˵ʲô˼Զ˿֮ɫ˭ܸоһΡ
ʥ²ӣ书λ̫ϴ֮λȨƵˣǿģһ˫ֶ
Ȼȴһɽկɽ̵ת
˵ɱկҪԴΧԮ
կһûţװ׵ʱ䡣
ɽϸڡ
˼ԶϺް֮ɫЦԽԽȤˣҲǣ뵽ˣƾһ˵ɽѣ̶̶깦򣬷չزǼҲû뵽᲻򵥵ֵز
ԱĸЦ̧̫ˣǵС֪ĻɽǴظأŲðճϳߣԲΩǸʲôԣҶ֪ʵңҲһմɵӵĻ
ҸӵĹһЦԽɵӵĻԽпŶȡ
ɸ˾ȥԴƶûˡ
˼ԶɫɵЦˣȻûеǾˡ֮ܡˣʳ˾Ǳλţ
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˼ԶԵкβ֮渲կرٶȻصعСڴأկɱ˾Ͳˡ治Ƿ࣬ʳ˾ܹҲǸƻ֮벻һ㡣
һ೤ɫʱѿĪǻʳ˾Ҫֹǳ£
˼ԶЦһǲңկڴر߶ϣʳ˾Ҫñ׼կظǵͷ֮ûɶ˵ͬˡʳ˾ɶʮҾ͸һ̵֣ǡԣǱ߲ü̫ϣ˳Ҳʹˮġ
˵ţ˼ԶɫȻһݣĻɽµ֣ǰơԲΩϹ͵ʥʬɢ뵱ӵǮǾͳȫЩʥʬɢկǼλϡֻһҪסɽկҪڣд̵Ů˺ͽоѾͷҲҪڡ
òϣǴ̲ǸŮҲֻǸëѾͷҪʲôã
δز֪֪áϹ١ԵӢʱ򡭡
˼ԶȻõĻ⣬͵Ŀһۣ㲻֪λŮĴ̣ǸоëѾͷ֮ˡ뿴굽жӢۣ棬֮˵Ƥ᲻ң֮ܣʲô

عīῤ
뿤һׯﱤ
һǰû𣬾ɢ¹⣬ʺȸùãڱ̨˹Ȼﾭ
ȸûеͷҲδҡͷĻɽկϵһŵ㣬Ϻڱ̨ЩˣٲعȦӡԣӦǵıؾ֮·
۽飬ʺħĴ󻤷ȸࡣ
ʺԣЦùãǸγֲźã
ȸǴǰΪ˱Ȼɲܲ˵ɱһڡҪڱȫԼǰ£ɱһЩ
ʺȻֻͬǡ
ܶɱأŻ𣬴ɱһ˻ɡһ¶˺ۼҪԶݣҲɱˣȻ塣
ȸŻʺţ·ȥѰȶɱһǵţȻһ·ںϮţиĻᡣбȻʦ۷֣׷ɱңһҸϿ˶и׼ͻȻ֡ʥʬɢǿһɱֻҪһˣɡǿɱһѣһˣ˵ʲôҲҪס򲻿ΧСһ·еǻᡣ
ʺȸùãҲҪСЩ
ȸЦģҺӻûءСмǣһ֮󣬲лУ˵ضܾ
ʺͷù÷ģСɾЩ˲Ķ֣Բνȥġ
˵գֶһۺȸȥ



ٰʮ Ϯɱ
ʮ֣ǿϢڴؾɽˮּݺἲš
ʮ֣Ǻڱ̨Ժĸ֣ÿһˣʦƷľ磬ˣʦ۷塣
һ𣬱ǽȫʢʱδصס
ڱ̨ʮȫʨӲ֮ˣȫկ
կʥãӭУô㣬зֺʤ
ƶˣھԵǰκιƶֻԵò԰ס
ֻǣկ˵ʮλ߶ʦȷһ޷Ե̸Ͼ
կȴʥ⣬ûʲôܳƵǾԵġ

ͣҡ
̫鿴Ŷ̶̰˲ֹʮĸףĿȴû˿
Ҽ㿴ŶӵĮ飬ݺᣬΡҴϷɽԨģʥˣ͸ײϣ͸øĸ𣿡
̫鵭Įҡҡͷʥиĸףĸܿܿ޲ͬ
ԣﳹװŽ̫ãһ޲ͬλδʥˣȻܿܿ޲֮ͬΪ˿ҽңҽҼ
̫ĬҡͷҲڣѾ𡣡
ԣɫһЩϣĿ̫顣
Īǣ̫ҪġѾõˣѾҪڽˣ
ýĴۣȡ̫ɾʥýԡҲǲܽܡ
ɾǧΰҵҪĴۣ
Ȼ̫һԣȴոСС磬
ӽ󣬽ңͰĵܿܿɡ

ҪҪںڱ̨֮£ͿһΣܷ񶥵סڱ̨Ĵѹ
վڷկɮǺɳ
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ɮԣ̧ƺЩ
һһ俪ڵ£ӦԱǣ޷ն
仰Ǹ»֣Ա
ΣҲôˡ
޷֤ܹס˭
ƺü˵û˼ͷãֻҪν²ٷ£˺ҿ꣬ղ񹦡ص¡սУ±ֵ㹻ɫʱ̵ꡭ
ǺʦţֹӺβھͽղ񹦡黹£̫ʦõղ񹦡ܹ޺Ϻڱ̨ǸаЩ
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ȻҲǰҵ̸УҪһᱻ˳Գ
ɫ˿ĵһС£֪Ǽ٣ҶеĵΪȻ
ǺɡϿҡ̵ֹ֪Ǻεȷŵʣ
˵һʦͽӣԶǰȡ澭ȻžŰʮһѵȴλӰѺҶҪ¡ʦͽȻû·ϣȡ־顣ʦͽֺ󣬴죬ֵ˷ǰǲ·ô˵ȴûɫѿĽɮ𻰣ǺЦ˵£Ҫ֮飬֪ӡֻǾᴫ಻Կȡʱڱʥɮɽ˾Գ߼һ飬߰ȫ߳ѣֵֻƽһ˵߯ˣ̺ûǮʹáɮɣλΪ˹Σ
ǺɫѿˣͳŭȻԣҷ𡭡
Ǻ
δ˵꣬ȴɮϣϺϢʮּᶨΡֹʣںԢԡ⣬澭ᴫ಻ɿȡķǺĪҪ˵ˣֹҷԵʶܵõɽŵġղ񹦡δ˽أȻʥΪףѡ澭£ɼƷ߽֮ࡣֹ罻񹦣ȴǷ̰䣬ȡҲ
ӷ𡣡
ǺΪ֮ʡ
ֶֹģ˴κڱ̨һ֮ɽկȫ
ͷϣ˵
һΣǰӣͲܹˡ

ﱤһʮﴦʮϢǿ֮Ӱ򶫡
һӰձһɽʱأǰһλʦ۷弶̫ϳȻͷ˫ĿȻŭĿ棬һСģ
ȻվǳһһûаϢ©ӰɽԾĶڤһīĽ⻮ڱ̨һλϵδնֽǰһӣٴһˣ漴ǰλǿʦ۷弶̫ϳΧǰŤһתɽвӰƴδһ㡣



ٰʮ 벽ʥ
仹δѾõûһõأɢŨŨʬĳϣӵλ̫ɫ֮
û뵽µһ涾ȻկУ˺ڱ̨Լϡ
ζţԭζӦ÷ŵһȥġ
һƷʦĳ϶ѣ۱սʵڲֵһᡣ
öһ츳ƾ˫ʵЧãʦ۷弶֡
˲ţɽһɡ
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ǰУ˽𣬷λƷʦϵʵľ
ǲηԸôûмֵԸҡ
ٶȲɱļȻˣԾɷˡ
ڱ̨ʣʮλ·魽ʱϵĽˮ¡ȥ
ǧ魽ˮ㣬ڱ̨ҲЩ
ǱһӴļ壬Դ˶Ӱ죬ǻġ
ۼ⣬ɼѵӾҪȥˡ
ȻʱԺ¡ˮȻԾһӰǰɽʱַһޡ
غӰ㲻ͬѡβҲǶУǣ鿪ͷ̫ϳϼλһʦ
Ƶˮ̫දӰѡֳԤУһεĿȻֻһˣһȴɱնأδֱӾҽ͸ľ
ͷ̫ϳһǳױŭˣû뵽ӾȻѡƤͻƿڣĹעһֱں󷽣û뵽ӾȻ۸ͷˡ
Ƴ۲Һе£ͷֱһ˷ȥ˼Ƕ⡣
ͣĵλ;磬ʥңңڵǵı־
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һ˲䣬ŭȼգ
ۼӰһЦϻʱԶȥͷŭףŮӣ
˵գ缱׷ǰȥ
̫ϳϵλħ̷ͬͷһӦˣиʧɳһǰѹȴͣǰС
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ͷһڳģȻ޹
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һнٶȾ̫ˣƳһȺһ㣬һħŮǣűôô
ͷϼ֮ﻹ̣һûΪŮ߳Ҽƻһ׷֮زز
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ϸڣ˼ԶǰһλˣϴŲͬʱֵЦ⣬˼ֹۢȥҺڱֶ̨λ벽ʥˡʦ֪ˣҲһܸˡ˵̨ڣȥҲˡ
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λ֮ǰ㹧̨ϣʱʥ˲Żе̬˼Զ΢΢̨ۣϣһͷţҲᾭ٣Ըе֡ʦ˼ҲɽϣɽȥҲֻ̨ˣǺǡ
˼Զ̬ڵ˶һֱûǫ̂⣬ʵʲô£λʥص²ӸеΪѣ
˼ԶЦ̨ǰһֱչأû˵Һڱ̨ƽٰ
˵ţ̨չһһ˵˱顣
пǧʥѧԪ޶࣬㲻ٳˡ̫ۢϱկùƶгɥ˴κǧԶΣΪ˳׸կأҵʮƷʦϵĳϳ֡ǣﻹûаա
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ûչʱһҲûôĶģ
Ҳ˾˼Զ˼ھ˼ԶעĿ£̧ҲգϷɽһ⣬һɽݿܣкα£



ٰʮ 
ҵ˭ԭģǵյС˼ù˭
֮ӹ˺ڱ̨Ĵ̫ϳµķȦȸѹеľ£ȴЦģеŮ޸˶Ҷ˸ŮΣΪ˳ȫҶʥΨһŮƵԾΪ˶ϾҶŮĸ飬ŮòŮǰֳȻҶ̲㣬ʮ̼һ𣬶ĹΡǲ֪εʱ򣬻᲻εŮѪ㡭
סڣ
ӳȻ԰ף漴˲Ǻ죬ĿѵĿңңܵȸ
ȸ֣Цİģ˲˵ΪͲ𣿱ԼҲδزɣݶҶŮŰŮʣǲҲɾʥϧҲû벽˵㻹һȫҹҲŮɣѽѽȻȥɱŮĪǻģɱŮһŮѾҷףĹ⣬ȥʵҲãɱǸҳȥһ֣˵ãһҪллءȷʵݣԼѪһѣ߰벽ȴпŶ١
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Ȼĸͬгϼ֮󼱣һ佻õ̫ϳϵϷǰȥһȼǰУɽǰȺ򡣡
˵գææ׷ǰȥ
ʮȻûʲôĿⶼζ
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ǱһӴļ壬飬ǲܵ¡
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ȴʱٵӰԻȪĹһ㣬ȻΧסոո¹ĳϡ
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ԣˣȻҹһ©ֻʱһΣҲ֪ܷӦԵˣܸмòǡʱִ̫ЩȻˣϿҵ˵ģ©һҪߣˣҲܷߣߣô˭߲ˣҲûá
һۺѹеĲ飬תͷ棬Сȥ׼ɣˡ
һ񽣣⡭



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ǸƷʦԼ۷ԿΨ·һ
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۳һ޴Ľݺնĺͷ
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ֵĶҶ;˼ԶһʦͽĸݣҲ޳ܡЩ̲¶ͷĺڱ̨ϣ඼Ǻ;˼ԶǺͶҶйìܺͲˡмǣ浽ҪͷҶ˼̫࣬һԳֵġ
ԣһݣͷ֪ˡ
ĿЦȻͷһǣûϢ
ЦΪ֪δزܾԸ
ɱ̫ˣɱ޹̫֮ˡ
˵ˣҪȻ̫鷳
СӱĳǸҲǳ˶٣ڱ̨ҪڴС
߹Ѿ͸˵ģСҽĪҲУˣ㲻ص
ûڣʺͲҮУ˵ע㡣˴ӭսڱ̨СɾҺ͹ùóȥӭУŻɱ󵱼ҽԵУ֮أڽº֣СɾûͶǣֻǿһɽկ˭뵽ڱ̨³˸ʥҪ˸ȦӣӶ湥ɱСɾѵδ֪У㵽֪֪ô˵ǣСɾ֪Ը壬㲻ܲ˵ĳɱǰ㶼ûã˵ˣ˵˭ص
˱˸Ѫͷһں졣
Ҳֺ̹֪ˣ¶˸ͷһ˹ͷԩˡ
ҡͷɣΣһΣȷǷΪɽկһ٣ǣҶᷢʲôʱ㾡¡ʦղ񹦡°ɣǱߣҲЩ
˶ֵǺѾԶԺҲԸɽկȥɣǿԺ˭Ҫ¶ǵټƽΪڱ̨ɱǵ٣ҲܷЩкֳǼнʮλʦڣټǰǺǶʮλʦȥԣԸⲻԸ½¡
²ʰɣ
ˣһʱ֪ô˵źá
Ȼɮȴ˾ź󣬵ˣ½¡ɽ£Ϊ¡ֻҪܼ̳зţǧ꾻شȥֺ¾ɣ
˵ţ󴦵һΡΡĵݸˣִ飬Щʦ桢ʦʦǣͺ˵Щ⣬Ļһ󡭡
̫ʦзֻּ˵ǣܰһ쵽
ɮˣѰ㷽ʦ壬ղ񹦡һݡ⣬ʦõĹǻңعϼңء
˿Ż۵ɮšüͷ̾һ
ʮԹǷǣ˽ᡣ
ʦ֮飬Ըӡ
ĿȴկУһֱ档
ڵȴ
կһεΣյûʱȥĿǰȷ
Ҫ񴺺磬ܷع½أˡ
կշᣬЩΪɽկսĴʦǣ飬ǣ˰



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ԣɫ쳤ϣ⻰͹˰ɣʥڣڱ̨ܳʲô£
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쳤ŭĿϷֻѴϣǸɽկ˵ֻѧͻʳ˾
ԣһ𾪣ֱŵĿ쳤ϣ쳤䣬ʥأôĿ󣬾ʹ֣㲻ҪʥػҪǻҪء
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쳤һԸ߼ϣһʵľĳɷ飬ŭHСˣ硣㻹ҪկѢ֮ʥǧòԶΣⱻ䡣ȴΪӡ
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ʥλϲ
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ӿ̫ĵǣһЦ£Ԩȥɡկоɣʳ滰λСѣǲġʳ˾ҲͷаɣǺǡ



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ȸпǧǰʦ۷ֵܵʥ˵Ľڣѧ󵱼ʵδʩչɵסҺͺȫֵСɾ˵Խʥ󵱼ұǵһˡ
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Ǵ֮ˣȸľĵú󣬱ҪĽĵ档
Ȼȸȴ΢ЦܵҲһʣ֮ϣȴԶ󵱼ҡһΪѰڱ̨ۢñ˵ȴλˡܽɣĻֻҪ˾ͺá
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߳ŲŻͷʵҪҸĴҵʣ


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ĬĬĿƴЦƽЦ˻Ȼͣ£ңԲԣ
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ȴɽٶȳ֣СѧλҲˣҪ㡭



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ԣҡͷԭǶѾ֪ˣҲǣʥصĵ̣֪ɽկ˶ߣ֪ЩΪ档
Ϻ󣬷Ѿƶƽͽ̫ɫȴˡ
˷ֻ֮̽ԼδţʱڣԽһӶﲻľ硣
ȻԼĽҲʹûҲǳԶԶ޷󼰵ġ
˽ʥ״ӣһʥصԴġ
׺͸ֱҩ˵˹ӦҲȱ
կز
˭룬Ȼġ
𾪵ģǺǵ˵ҲǲӺ߳ߺжû뵽θãܳӲģֻܳ

ƽͽ̫Ҫ
˸ЦִҲΪ̽ʵô
̫󣬵˵ͷɾկɱʥ𾪣ŪԵɣѰ
üѰկʥأҲŪԵˣ׼Σ׼ǧǰʹıʥ׼ʮǰΧҩһΧƣ
̫ҡͷʥһӵʦ۷ɳʥ˵ɽկȷԭ£Ƽкʥڣôʥ˱㲻׳֡ʥ˲˭Σڱ̨Уʳ˾ͬɡ
ƽ˵ĺѧͿһղ˵ԺôԪ
ҡͷԪҪɳ򣬵ȻҲУҪơ

ƽֱԼĶ䡣
̫ҲЩĿ
˵ҰǧȻȴǵعϡ¹Ԫҿ񡢻֮ıȻǰҪǵɷѫλ˰ֺ¿϶ڡҿԱ֤ص˰Աԭ͡ôȤ𣿡
˵ţЦǺǵĿ̫顣
֮ңϯ˴Ƽ
ȻռʵѰҺͺǿѧԺ塣
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⣬лңҲռش󻧡
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˵ףҡʿ
Ҫһζǿݻ٣ҲͲˡ
ң̫Ѿ֣ڲͣЩ
Щճ֮أȻٶʩڴҡ
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أȷǸõĻ֮أ
ֻǡ
Ŀǰ֮ҪعжùԪܡ
ƽֻ˺ͽ̫֣ȻŭСһʳ˾ҳ
ıŭתͷʵҲȤǲǲűع𣿡
ƽ˵ʲô񼱴ҴҽҲͣҪڡ
ڣֱ˿ڡ
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кЦ⼸ھøǶϢռλСɾѾ³Ҫ˵Ļ˵Ȼ
ʰºӣ߶ϢعʮǷս£ֺ֣ƿǣ𿤱򿪹ٲֽ˹صشң
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һЦЦһֻ֮ǿθˣֺܴƿٲֺ֮ززˡľɽȿǣȴ౻ѳ֣ףζʲô
ǺЦԽ̫֣֮ңҪعˡعɭϵɷЩĲǸҲǱƼˣȥˡҪҪկһأ¹Ԫ񡣡
̫ʵ¹Ԫɷ񻻻ֵʮ˳ǣկ
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ǡ
˵ּ£֡ƽɽǣʱܽɽկ͸˵ˣ漰Բԭƥ͸ţĴ¡ʮǣǿԡ
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Цı⣬һԺǽսס
ƽԣһ˲һС۾
ڹԪΪսأ
Եĳ۱ѵȲؾ
δأǣعս
жʮټϾ˫ˮ˭˻赲۰£
̫΢΢üͷ



İ 
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Ҫ֪±֮
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ȻؾȴϵĹڼ׵һǿԭؾս
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ӣҪӸʲô
Ц
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ƽֲɵӣûزʲô͵͵İظռ
ЦҵöЩ˿ڰȻʲô߳ȥĽ˿׸սġɶ˵ڵ˿ٶʮ
̫ɻ󣺡˵Щ·
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̫ƽҴȥʺȸŮá
÷£ͱȡߡʵʱīԺŮһʺ̲סСɾȻЩ̶δֵģҪǣ֪ͼ񲻻Լȥռ
ǺЦԼȥռҪԴġЩط֮ءҪǿȥ֣»ĺܲҡ
ЩƤҪûлǻᱻ޴½ϵӡڰ˴
ͳȻսǾǵòʧġ
ΪʲôҪ׳
ΪأҪҺܵõףŴ󣡡



İһ 
أ
Ůһ
عʥغڱ̨ڣڱ̨ʥڣٻٻһꡣ
ͨԣʥ磬ֻ֮ܵ⣬ΨһǼʥصλʥˣŴʥ
ʥʥ˶·ġ
ɺڱ̨λҶŴһǣԼɱԼ
ѵŴʥظһۣѧΪۡڱ̨Ϊۡʳ˾Ϊۣ졢˶۵ķţûеۣҲ
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ЦסɽֻȥѾܶûȥˡ
һЦȻ쿪Ȼ·ͨǾķӡʵغ𶫷Ҷһ£𶫷Ҷ̫ѣصЩˣٶԸҶͲ̫֮ˡ
΢΢üʥؿƱ˴ìܣҲ໥棬̫ƽδػͬı
Цû֮ţԲͬͼǺǣνమɱʲôƽСӾǸҰĲײϵĻħ̫顭ҵ³ҲƲˡֻҪǲ֤ĺ֮пΪǻںڱ̨
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˵Ѿȥ˴ЦݣĿȻЩ顣
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ʺԳЦ˰ɣʲôεġڽ˿ﵱȸ㳪裬ǲŸöء˲˵˵㣬սһأֻһУ͵Ⱦ磿
ȸҲЦóֵľͶ֣óıԵľͳıߣзֹⷨӸǲʤ࣬ʤǿԽԽΪ֫ǾеԴûɲɣǾͶˡ
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һ߸ߣһҡͷ̾Ϣ϶ܵˣֹһءҲǣҡ
ûĺ˵꣬͸о˺Ȼ
ԭʵȥûûƤûû֮ԣֽҹ£װɡ



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׷ʥȴüӣկЩССһɽկĵ̣ܹһڶ̶̼ߵһѾͷʱԨãկִף
̫Ҳ⣬΢΢ҡͷȴЦ֮󣬺ûУħ̳ʦִأ
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еóͺϵǷĴħ̽ܳʥ빦͵Ů
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ҡͷô˾ȴ˿ɣʹ˷ʵڿ̡
ʥϳ˷гʥ֮Ҳͳʥװٱ
ӺǺЦȽٲݾϰ֮ҽֵزǵҩУָǵ֪ϰĳɾ͸ߵֻͣŬʵʡϰҽͬˣó֮ţѵá
ΣȻͺϣȻҪһһŮ书Ҫ£룬Ҫ󾳽¡Ʃ磬Ϊʦ
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̫ԣеģǽڣС˵ӦãҲѳʥˡ
ʥϺһССɽѣһǧѾͱ컯ֳ˸ʥǰӿĽţǻһʥ죿

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ڽ̫ʱ죬ƽȴȹϵϡ
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ֻ֮õһǳˮ
ƽ׼֮俪سʥ
ţ֮ɫĪǻʳ˾СԴ⣿
ƽʱһͳǰ



İ 
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˶٣Ц˿˿Сôȥˣ
СƲ˵СϽȥ׽ȻȥĢһġ潣ڣܵ˵䣬ҪȥͰҶˡ
ԣɫְ֣㡭ڶ֣
СͷǰС˵Ҫ˵ҪʲôģҲ㶮ô
Цһͷ򶮵衣
ǺǣСģˣ
˵ţԺ⴫Ц
ԵʱϲЦˣ
ֻأҴذ˰ɽӲðĺ񴺣ҡȺЦ롣
ӭȥ񴺼ͷݲݰ˿ڴ죬ϵĲҰףɫʱѿ



İ ᲻
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ЦˣĪҪСưա
ҡͷûСǣôطôˣҲСİջĻЩ߿Ҳã´գʵǻجج̰СߡֻҪܻȥ¹ҴҲṶȥָǵģûõġ
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Ǻǡ


ԭһƬɫгĬԵĪƣҲЦʵСǻȤġ
˸Цʦ˵˲˵ˣ֮Ǽס֮ԭͺáһͷ˵ᱻͳͳɨʷĳ
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ǵϢħʵڿɺġ
峤ü˵
˼ԶİɣȻʦʥ۷Գָ֣һǵ٣ǰõġ



İ ıǰ
磬֮Ǹѡļǣ
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Цڿſɴʢԭع½һϿ˴ܹƣҲǷЩ˼ߣҲû뵽ȻгƵһ졣ԭʦģկս˵ãúڱ̨۽λʦ˵غڱ̨£Ҳ˵֮岻١ȥ꣬ԭսĳɿƼҡ
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һĻͬʯͳԫͬȼŻ֣ơ



İ ˼
Ԫʯԫͻ䣬ƵҺ岻ò
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ֻǣﻹѰõǵġӡ

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˼ԶдӲһҵͷٿңһɱһţͽѿ¹ƽ
ֻǡ
ֶٸߣɸԾΪ֮
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ѿҿļǣһɫҰףеľŨ󣬽֮⡭

ϣ
ĸ˼Զ˵æӭѾɳʮλϷɢȥֻ̽Ҫһ¶棬ͻϢر
˼ԶԵ˵ͷ˿ɷϿȷʱǴﾭǰҲģ
ЦѾȷˣϷģعկһѰ˵ߣɽˮģʦ˵ȴһҲֹһ··ϣҲƷʦֻҪһǵӰ̾ͻ˴ŹǲɱУֻҪסܻܰ쵽ġ
˼ԶԣĵͷֻҪȥˣկʵʰǣͲ÷ˡ
ЦҲǴĵʺ񣬲Ȼҵ˼ȽկЩȫɱˣկʱýһ򾡣
ԱһֱǣųϣȻɱկص֣ҪǰѵկͲɱڴظ֣ǺɱǺɱ
㡭
ŭһȴţЩɽҶʦ֮µ֣
ԣ׷۹۱Ǳǹۿڡ
ȴԼͬĸ̵˻Ǹ
ʦѰˡڱ̨ʥ˶Ƥ֣˵˼ҡ
˼ԶƳһۣɽݿܣûޣ鲻򲻵ѣԡ
Ӧǣȴ֮ƿڴһȺƤĴկÿÿСַ𣬳ѵúáһʥþͨϢħŮ޴ӣֻܾկôɱȻȺЦ֮ɽ԰Ϊȣ֮ݴկǱعϣôǵĿԸһɽţֿԡ
룬ֵˣħ̵ȸʥŮҪܻ׽ãǶկǸթСӵõģץ֣С˲ͷ
˶ûڣЩЦЦ֮ǰڳϵǾͷųϳ֣Ƕܻ׽˰ɡ


կ
ߣﲢһʯϡ
ߵϼӳ˰죬ƽںâС
תͷ˫ӣǺЦЦ
üϲ嵭ĿҲЩʵСֻúɱһͲˣгЧ𣿡
ŲЩ粢磬ǼԴļΪ嵭Ӳ֪жࡣǰԭ󲿷ֿһײ߰ģһͷţҲӡո㣬ε⡣֮꣬ͿʼѸٶ񻯣һ겻һˡڣ󲿷ֿһҪӣţţͲˣ˶ȥ˺οţѮѮǣ˵ҪȥˣǸҿȥࡣúģֻǵȼŻְˡʮ˿ҲֻһſŻ֡ع͢ͺڱ̨ܼʱ滺ѹҪǿһ·Ի֮Ϊ꣬Щ֡һζÿᷨѹȣٺ٣²ݵİգһľϲġ
￴˳ᢵ̲סὫ׿ͷһĨÿ΢ЦЩ£붼ûȥҲ벻ͨ벻ʲôȥˣٻܻ
ٺһЦĦŶԷķңĿ˸棬ỵȥġ
Ͳ¶ҶݣԳ֣һֱڵء
תͷɫֵĿ㲻Ϊľôһ֮˰ɣҶԣҶģο

ͻȻܺ棬ǰˣ׻ж˼û



İһʮ 
ùãҲ
ع½ɽţʺȸȫͷȫβɻϲЦ
Լ֮أѡֵĿ
ȸŻʺЦ㵹һЩ
ʺЦԪλ˹һôûùãҪҪȥӦһ£
ȸҡͷȻԭһߣڴ˴Ⱥ򣬾Ͳˡһǰߣִһ񲻴ˣ
ʺͷҲǣôɱʲô£СҲСɾĸαˡ
ȸЦ磬ʱʱŴ֮·ջ㾹˼Դף
ʦǸƷʦѾԼԴ򵽺ĵͨ
һǰһȫȻͬķḻʵ硣
ңʦٰ壬ʥ٣ٶһ
ջ󣬶κһ˵ջ
ҲʥܽʦԼʥǱ޲óҪԵɡ
ˣʥʥ˸˭Ըͬһ㱻ʥڡ
ƷʦϵߣԽԽĮ飬һ׷
կһӣš
ڻʺ˼ԴףȸʥʮңԶ
ɫԼõʱҪˣùãʱûǻҪô
ʺͷŽڰҹɫʵ
ȸĬҡͷˣǡ
û˵꣬һ棬ˡ
δͼһӰжغһɫĶˡ
оŨɱѪȸͻʺһۣɫѿȻλعС㣬ɱ˲ֹһˡ
˼ɫ壬ЩˡԶɱ˼
ʺǶ˹صأǲȶأȻϲҲѹ뱲ӣΪֻƷʦȸһƷһʦ۷壬˭ûչ˺
ǰǧһ֮Ƿ̾ߡ
û뵽˻
ȸΣʥ̷ȴ˴ͷĽɫͺãǿ߰ɣ䣬Ѿһˡ
δԣ˵ͷ
ʺƲƲС죬Ҳû˵һȥ

ɽۡ
ϥĶҶȻ۾Į˫УһĨŭ
ȻЩ¾ȻҲı㡣
կŮȻȥˡ
ϡ⡣
ƫƫȥˡ
ڱ̨ϸڶ޵
ڱϣ˼ͣˮ裬Դ͡
Ψ棬ǳϸ󣬻Ҷûȥ迨ء
Ϊû
ȴƫƫ©ӡ
Զȥ²Ӿ˼Զɨز˵гЦ
ˣҶĮϣơ
һͣԸһƾʧڶɽϡ

ʲô
ڶ·ɱȴȸ˵ľ˼Զʹźһʱ
ȥˡ
˼Զ˿ᵽĳʱյ֪˾ĶɳˮϽˡ
ԺһҲɫ䡣
ʹޣʥؾȻᱻһɽϷˣز
ҲдһȺɽֻıƣ͵͵
ȻҲֻ֮
˼ԶһСֱʥ״ڳϸ켺
缸ǰкô˼δɨء
˼ԶɫΪѿԹ˹ʥϴȥ
˼Զ׹λʦɲֱӶɱˣֻǽ£Ƕ֡
ԸëȻòʥԶأָֻ㷽򣬾˼ԶһƤù
ޱȻˣҵ̳
˼ԶһԵʵϣﻹҪ𣿡
˼ԶԣȻתͷ˫ĵһۣ
˼Զȴûԣһ٣жȥ
һ׷ϣ϶ºɫһ첻˰֣ȵɢ˰ɡ
һӶϿг֣нԳǿ
ɽ棬һʯͷ£¶ʮںĶڣ棬ΰڷŶʮܴ
ִʸҹĺâ

ǰа㹻һǧˣȻ
ȸӣŻʺͶ˶ɫѾһ½Ъͬ˵
ʺЦǹùö£Сɾ˵һǧҪһǧֺ
˱˵΢ЦҲˣȻ˻ʺĻ
ȸûʺûӣûЪ˾ͼ·ƻɽկ֪عϢҲ֪Сı㣬ֻɱʦ׹ܲá
ռ˿ǵҼԺڱ̨ϳϻ̳Ͽֱ΢ģȸ޷ƾЩˣʲôúڱ̨۵
ɸʦ¾ܽЩ
ʺЦ᲻ãСɾı£ûʧֹ
˲ٶԣһ·ȥ
ۼǧ·Ҫ꣬׼תȻڴʱһӰƾǰ
Ӱȸ˾һ漴иֳ֮ɫ
Ҷ֪㲻ںһû뵽ȻôҪʥˣĸۣ
˵ǵӰҲδ˱شήɵ
ˣȸһͻʺһۺ󣬶˫ѪɫȻҪý֮ȼѪƴһҲԸ޳֮
ΨһǣҲ޷ؼˡ



İһʮһ һ
СʦԼˣѾϵҶ֣
ҲǴ۵Ĺ˿̻ǾǻЩãΪײкĿⳤԶı㡣
ʮųݵĿ⣬ϵķڽ棬ǺЦ˵ڱ̨Χ˲£а취Ӧԣ˲ʱƬҵ˼ΣǴλĹʹ򣬴򲻹ܣҲƣǣϿǡΨһߣǶҶҪ³ھԵǰıģʮˡһ֣²ԳɱǣֻסǣҲСԣԶǰҪһΣ涫ҶĪҪ
Ŀ⽥䣬ü΢΢𣬵Ҳ˵һκǳȥȥ
һæôȥ
ȥԼʲôʲô
Цô֪ܲû˵һ˵ˣ˵Ҫɱ䣬⽫ҶԪҶ˵ˣ˴γ⣬һ³뿪öҶҲǣҶǧҪƴӾͺãҪ漤֡һ˵ҶǲֱӳֵģϾ廹ڡ
ԣͷûֻǣʦҪôǣҲѵҪͶҶһ
ʥ˴սǱؽʯ쾪
ǺһЦҡͷڴˣʱ·磬Ҷɱ壬Ҳ޿ܡİɣҶˣȸҶһ仰ġ
ʲô

ȸŶҶǶߴıӰ䶯Ҳδȴһͭǽؼ䣬Ƶǲܴ
ҶֻǸֶתۿһ۵ȤǷ
ˣֻǲߣȴмԳ֡
ȸЦĵĺЦ
ɣ˵ġ˱ӻƷ˲
Ҷϳɱǣ˸߿һۡ
ȸЦһûʺȥչ˺öˣԶҶʥˣҼСɾϵ˴ʥ˱ػ֣Ҵһ仰㡣
Ҷԣüͷ΢΢һ塣
ôĿôĵӣ
ûתĮŶᵹɽҪ˵ʲô
ȸЦҼСɾҸ߶ʥˣһΣͱƣʯ٣
ҶԣЩЦ˾䣺ȴ֪һϣҪƣʯ
û˵꣬ƴʢһӶң
ǿʥѹ£ǰй׼ȸͻʺƺһɳȥ
˷ǵδŭĿ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ī˵Ҷˣңңһͨ쳹صľ޴âҪ˺Ѳһ㣬
Ȼָǡ
عȣ
Ҷ˻һԼٶȳǵƥ
ֻǣٶȿڽâҪһߣǵͨ쳹صĽռֵƣվһǣˡʹŶϡ
䣡
ƥâɹĻ˶ţع̫߻ʵʼ㽨˵ĶţȻ̮
Ļڣֳʮ˿ΣػʣޱĿһĻ
عٹٳɵַۣɿġ˻вǵ󳼣Ҳ֪Ӧԡ
˺ڱ̨ʥˡ
һɹػ۾΢УľȻ˵˳棬һڼĻ£ǰ˶š

أȸͻʺشĶˣܾڱ̨ʦͿ쵽ˡҶ֣ʥԳ֡ɺڱ̨ʦ֣ʥȴٳ֣ȥ
ʺȻӦ£Ҫű𶫷ˣȸѾһڼͷ˻ҪԼߣҲûᣬ˼ȥ
뿪ûһ㹦򣬾˼ԶʮλƷʦ׷˹
ɫޱѿǵֲµĽҲˣȻҲµ˳Ժ֣֮ԼΪʲô
ɺޣ
׻һڶҶ뿪ǰǾ͸ϵһжֵá
ֳģȴû£̫ѿˡ
ڱ̨ǧδԹ˴δܹܴ裡
˳ϣ׷֮һĸȥˣ
˼ԶϷҲ޷һʦʵ
˳ǰͷ˿ϵѪȻ¶ϲɫֻħŮξ׷ٲˡǶͨϢ׷ǡҺã˴λеˣһѪţлˡ
㵹ǿ㰡
Ⱥ򲻼
˼ԶֵҪߣҪŹ˳¡
˳ϿЦһϸߵϢƬ̺һָûתˣȥˣûã಻ʱ
˼Զԣ׷һ¶ϲɫ
˼Զһ˵ϣǺ˵أԽ죬׷կҲնˣ

˺ȻһӦ漴һƴ׷ɱȥ



İһʮ 
һ
һ·УԲԭعȥʱǡÿһǵһĻ
Ҳ𺳣ﲻģС뿪ɽկ𣿡
ǺЦģּƷʦڣػסɽկⲻ󡣺ڱ̨Ҳû˼ȥ׳нˣӦǡ˶٣Ŀڸոսâµĵطٴθпֵһʥһֹаڣη
ǰûۼ˱ϰĿùһأ𺳣ͽ޶
ǣһǴ
ʦ۷ˮ׼ȻҲ󣬵Ͼ෶ڡ
ʥȻ£ͬҲ޷侮
ʥִ򷨣Կԡ
Ҳǣǧ˲۲ŴԵľÿһξһԼʥ˴ڣ޷ϵΨ𣬻Եɰɡ
ˣĿתպҪҲʥҲܷһǾ˲ˡ
ҡͷʲôһĵҲûʲôˣΨԼϵͻʥͻԼһתʵСʦѵʥ
ǺЦѾԶ֮ˣҶӰӶʥ˵ľ̿ɼȴҲо뷶ΧҵĵĲǺ壬Ǻǡ˵һʧҲĳ⡣
Ц֪ˣһҶһҲأ
ҡͷᣬղŶҶʥ֣Ͳֻǧһңңһôˣ˿̣Ҫڡ˵ڻڹŵĲ´ЬľأҶĲ𡣡

ػʹڣҶٵĶţɫĮĿ¡
ػǰȴҲδǶѷ棬ǶԶҶ΢ЦʥգһʯŰˡ˵կһλʥ򣬳ȴҴأ롢ֵûС
˵Ҷ΢΢۾£վʧˡ
ҶˣǰʱͲö֣Ӧ̡
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ԭѾӦپǰһǧȥ
ǣû뵽γ֣÷ӱ⡣
ӣı㣬ĻǸ֮˿ɲ
ֻƾγ֣ͿҰġ
ӵĲ裬ʵû
Ҷӷʮ꣬ΪĻᡣ
һͳ£һʥ
Ī˵̫һҸ㣬㽪̫пƷʥҲᡣ
һգǧعٲ룬ʵ֮ٻʦ£һٰܳ
Ȼѣûϣ
һͳһԭ£Ҷŵһʥ
ϧǧΰҵССһկϡ
ػƿ˶ҶİûڣʵʥˣָӦԣҪկ𣿡
ҶûлӦһ˫ĮۣǶѷ񡭡
һδء

ɽۡ
ջߵĿ⣬һ̾
˵Щĸо
ڱ̨ǧʥ֮һһɽկƵϣʱҲףڱ̨ô¡
²ʥˣһʥ̣֮ʦ۷͸ƷʦѣҲܶһССɽկɣ
䵽һѿĵز
ԣ̫˴ƽѣֹȥ𣿡
̫ЩЦڶǰ˭뵽ССһɽѨܺһʥ󣬻ܻ
ºˡĿ⿴Ž̫飬Ԩʥ󣬿Ըɱǧ
̫һݣӣ־ں⡭Ϊһʥأδǻ¡
Ŀ⽥øʵСѹں⿪ٳأ˵ãֲֹһǧΪʱݵʥ𣿡
̫ԣɫ֮˼Ƭ̺˵ӣƿѧΪξͲи֮أɸƿ׳ѧ׳կһʥ۵̣ѧʮٱΪѧԸԼǨ⣬޽֮ѣͺܺýˡ
֪д·̫ýȥýҳȥ񲻸ã
Ȼȴҡҡͷи֮أҪɱ¾֮¡Ϊأȥɱ֮֮ʦԣǲȥġ
̫ԣɫһ֪˵ЩɣֻɣЩɡ
ЩԸȥԭԭӵ㹻أ㹻ĵλƾʲôҪȥնĿأ
ԣվҪ֡
̫Ŀ⽥ᶨʥڣ֣ο
ںǧﲻҿԺɡ

ԭϣʺʱͷһۣüͷԱŶ˵ȸùãЩ˶˹ôôһֱ׷Ųţ֣Ϣôټģ
ȸδϵĶȴɣԼߡ׷ҵģȥǡ
ʺû˵ǣͣͣɣڣٶȡ
ȸ΢Цûµģ־ͷְɣ׷ǵģǵĽֲǿ졭ţ
û˵꣬ȸϵЦȻһһס˽ţۿվ͡
ôܣ



İһʮ ն
ǶҶߵĹʮˣҲǶҵʿ书ʮֿ¡
ȸĶ䵭˵
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Զԭ󷨵ֻܷӳٷ֮һܣҲʥ֮µκͷۿ־塣
ȸĿĺԻʺסԷΪ
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ɼȻȸ˵ˣǾ˵Ԯ
ЩζЩ֪˸ö˵ˣֻȸһ˹ͨ
ȻϲЩģЩġ
ԼҲģޣײ͸˵Ĺùõó衣
ҲֻôһᣬһԭʺǾȸʥû׷󣬴ñһӹӡ
ִ̬ȣĿζɡ
ߣ
һƺߣʺû˼ˣΪλͽ󣬽˵ĹһγһͰ󣬶мѹ
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ʺȸҸоһѹ£˵ĶܴѹȻܣŻһѪ
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˼Զ۾΢΢£ЦʦĻȻܲڵܵǰ¡˲ӣű˸á˵Ͼˡܲʦʦ֣ǲܲβҲ֪ϾʦΨһѪ
ǰ仰Ƿϻһȴɱﵣλɫ
ܶҶµǱɱûûŮ
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ҹԲ̣£һŮǧ˿˪¹Ů
򽣣ڣ
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漴һ񽣣Ȼѡ
ѣֱİѡ
ֻһԪɢסҹһ㡣

˼ԶһĻĿѡ
ǷڳʮλʦεҲƷʦһսʥظֹֽĥ³ɾ͵ʦ
ܸܲ⽣ľ
ˣ
ûʥضǧǰڣʥƾһʦ۷忹ʥ
һֱֻǴԡ
˽ڣеĺǧ˫Ҳ֪
ȱʧ񽣺һʽ߽ĺǧȻʦ۷֣֮
Ȼǧɵʥ֮Զ
ҲǺڱ̨ԭ
ӱʥһƶϢغڱ̨󣬲úڱ̨ɱ֮ġ
񣬺ڱ̨ǣᵽˣʲôɵʥ֮һ
ն
һݵĺըҹգյƶΪ֮һ
̶콣¡



İһʮ 
һԪʱ˼ԶԾǿ֮ӽȥ
ʵǲţԷʦ۷ֵʥ֮ʵ
ԣǶԷʦ۷壬ӳʥһ
ʥһʲôʵ
ܼ򵥣֮ǰλõһڱ̨ʥҶڴɽһƻ£Խ޺Աλʦ۷壬һʥ
⻹Ϊµ޺鴫󣬶Ҷһƻ£ЩоҴ֮ɮ
ˣôܷʥ֮
ȻӽеһԪʱȻһ˫Ŀ͸Ȼ֮ɫгֶ
ôܣ
ֻǧԪеһѣʦ۷˳
ˣοЩƷʦƷʦ
ͷ𣬾˼Զ߾Ѿҽ
ȻͷȥͼԶƷʦѾѪĽԪڵϡ
ƷʦҲˡ
ˣ˼ԶٲɣկλŮʦ۷壬ܷʥһˡ
ۼϻ޾Ľ꣬˼Զеﻹҳɣ
һںڱ̨Բҵ飬һ׷ƴȥ
ʥ֮˭Ӳ
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ԱһЦãĪ˵ǣĽ֦Ҷ󣬶ǣأûԹĿ඼˱飬㲻úúþƣ
ѩһԳζҲֹ¡漴Ů˵ҪŭתڵҾ˵߯ƫģǺúþƵСһϱ򷢵ɻЩȥ࣬Լȴɣ㻹˵ˣ

ԴЦǡСɽզզĸ͡
ڶϣŮЦĿ
ɿɫλλǧᡣţԼ书ũʷоİɣУҪģɴҴŪİɣԵĲ˵ɴĸƣֱǰһܷɴһֻܷһɴ۰أһηİ˸֪ζʲô£´ᣬܴⷷ
Ǳȴǰ࣬һȦ˺룬ʵС˵ɽկĲعͨǰǽ˵ǸɼȥģҼ۸񻹱عĲɣΪʲôǺعǵжԵô
ЩԶ˹ź룬ҡͷҲֲףСʲôı
ǺЦ˵סô˵ɣȥعɣ飬աɴ֮֯ȥ
ɽկһ츳ĺСɽյɣ顢˿ȱ˱ˣɴ֯ôˣ񲻿
ЦôأȥĲôҲɣɣ
СɽǱȱ˵Ĳˣ׬Ķ࣬ǲͿˣ
ҡͷǵĲˣΪǷɴȱЧʸ߰˱ɣɲҪΪʲôҪΪɣɲһֵǮиӼֵǰһ̱ļ򵥣ȱ˿˱ȴֻȱ˱ɣѾ׬ˡˣĶĿ죬̸ϳԿΪѡعΪ˵ĲعԴݻعķ֯ҵعĲܵկĿơңõĽֻʳ˽˳عͿعĹϧ˽ֻ˴ͱعɱˣȻֻһع롣
üģЦȻƣе̫ˡҲذգ˵ģô棬عžҲž꣬ڲǻڲͣع˽˵عҵڻûƽϢҪǶҶҪ³вѧͻʳ˾˹ععѾ׿̨ˡڻû壬ɾһңʮңҲعԪˣ˥ǵȵסЩ͡СһûôկĹ㡣羴һƣ˵һˡ
һȴһļ⣬˷׷վһٱ˾䣺Сˡ
ԣüЦٱӴҶˣһⱭƣٽֵصֵأýĽ࣡
ˣ
һЦҪԾƣһ
Ż
ȸԸŻ˷׷۾
ǣôˣ



İٶʮ Ե
Ԫǡ
û书˿̵ٶȴģһ¾ȸߣСĵĵ
ݺСýϰŮӸƣҲǰȸһ¶Цȸϲˡ
̲棿
ǰӹ糺ȸ󣬵ͷЦϲˡ
һ£̵˾Ц˻ˡ
ĿЩӣҲġ
Ϊ˳ʥòҪʥǰ䣬̫Ԫʥ
Ϊޣʵʧְġ
Т޺Ϊ
ǾԺΪ֮߳ס
谮֧ûбʥǰС
имҲĳһһˡ
ϲѶΪӣ΢֮࣬Ҳ˿
Ͼ̵˾㲻ڣÿ̺ŵ⣬Ҳձ
񴺡ˡٵȻҲϲֵĺϲ£졣
ҹţͣ˽죬ջˡ
ΪˣǵһѪĸоĵĸˡ
ŮﶼЩζ
˭ҲʥˣŮˡ
ʺʱʥ࣬Ҳܻһ᲻Ҳˡ
崿£ҲһӣһԶȨ׵ļҡ
̫ӱϣǰԸҡԸ
Ҳϣֻǡ
կµƣƺֵˡ
Ψһҵǣңϵһζļˡ
ôŮһҲЩĿٻĿǰΪֹû˺Ƥʱ
ȺĶˣȸЩˡ
ΪʱȸʼûзһֱΪ˾Ҳˡˡ
ԣһ˻
ԸԺҲһֱȥ
Ҫб𣿡
С￿ߣСԹϰͰ͵Ŀʵ
۾񣬳ȴϲɫ⣬ȴڲزסĵǡ
ΪСӣȴŮûʲô谮֮
ױɽϣҲԶԶá
ǡ
ҪԼˣ۰ô
СͷЦǰҪԼĶŮˡ̫æˣûʱ㱦ǱĹùãܲܰ򣬺ʹһչ˱أ
Сԣ۾ˣǡùã
һֱǼССѾͷѽôͳˡùˣ
ע£ǺЦȻǰã񲻾ǱĹùãСŶҲɳء
Сԣɫ˲ׯʥ֣صİɣһһùùõģ
һƲƲ죬Ѿʮһˣֻ岻סˡ
Ŀ£͵ҲҲǡ
ȸϲģǼҪԲȥźæƴǵ̣أˡ
̲ŮʱģҼǵ÷˻˺ǰ·ҪСš
ȸ޷ֻĿɿЦ̣Ԫʦ۷壬ľֻ֡Ҫ˶֣ţĶ¡µظɻ
ޣ
ǰĻžͲˣô̲Ȼŭ˲ɣϱӣ㻹µǣ
ȸ̣µġ
ЦԪԼ˵˲Ӵ
ҽСӲɣ
һҰѼëӣ׷ѵ
ⳡ˹ЦСɽʯ˸Ǵ񫡣
񴺶ƴЦѣҲ̾
ϣҲֻŮŮˣ׷˰ɡһˣǵʥˣûᡭ
Ⱔ˼ô󣬶һͷҰѼëЦ̣ͬ˵ģʵ˶ںӵͨ˵Ļ·ɢɢͺáԪ书֣˶ЩԺӲá밡Ǻӵ׵ѵẦ
̽Žɵ棿
Цǧȷݺ磡
ҲͷộѰũ˼ЩиǸũŸźӾˡ
ҲܣǼϲû
æͷЦˣԪҲɵڵ
Ц
üĵ˵󣬴̲ԭţĵһҲպֵӷǳӷǵյľ桭
һЩ˶ɫ
¾կռһկʳʥأҲ˸կֻһɽˡ
λεһһŷ
ļ壬С⡣
Ȼȴ̼˵Сͬ˵ǽܳʥģܻ꣬ʱǵӶˣ˭Ϊ˭ûΪҲǼЩ߰¡ֻһǲģҲ̫̫ߵѾͷҲˣܻãҲֻܲ࣬Լ࿴Щ·
΢΢ףʡá
ЩûЩʲô˼Ҳֻ˱˼ˣȴΪﱧ
˵Щʲôֹˡ
ʺЦ׼ԲԲԾԾʱȻʮ֮һͬӣѧ̫ͻʳ˾ƽˣҪɽӡ
üһЦʱȴ֪Ϊİ㣿
ﵭ벻Ǻ¡
񴺵ͷعȺ󱬷֮ңҲܣȡѾ֮ңʼδټϽ̫һֱûͣʱγһ꣬ͳûկϢʳյϢסҲ²⣬ǿԵġ
Ե
ɫЩŹ֣ڰɡ



İٶʮһ 
һδ̫ƽϵˡ
һҵźͣһİԵ
ȻͬȣҲŶ˵ʥ
Ǹˬӣ·δһ㡣
̫ƽԴ̬ȣȴǰͬˡ
ΪعѾٲά裬˴˥롢ʮּ
ǰԭµ󺵴ԣͺĸ̣ƫƫֳûչԭսķѵĹǽ档
կһʵظǧѭ
ȥ˺壬ճԴƩغͷݡ
̩ô֮ĴΣʢڡ
Ȼһѭȴ⣬һǱʥʥڶӧ֮壬Ȼϰȥ֮ңΪԭһĻ
⣬ǳһʥկ
ͬʱ֣ʷĳֳƫճѭ
ԭǿʢع񼸺һϢ
ܺڱ̨ڣʥԴ棬ܴսµһ
ǣǡ
ؽǾңعֲͬҷΧع㣬Ȼʩ֮ƽ֮Ҳֻ׶񣬴عȴʩᷨ
ߣ壬ľ壡
һеĳǳɱ¾һա
عԼͽԼɱԪˣܲˣ
ͳһֱפϣȣĸ˵ˣһֶ̫ѧԺ೤ϱң˸䡣
֮æŽ׼ȴĹ
ǵ밲ĸֶ֣ղ룬ˮũߡţʲôľ͸ö˵ˣճҲޡ
˱ˣǷ˳֮꣬ھȻȻģǰսʱö١

̫鿴ɾǰΪԵѾʳĲࡣ
˵ͷȴûӦʲô
ƽ֮ѵСӣû㣬ҶϹѾˣҪǣȻϷǵʳСҪ塭
û˵꣬ͺǺЦֿǿկҡ´ζҶ飬ֻܴӦ˱ǡ
ƽԣС۾ԲвСӣҶ˵ʥԳ֣ǣƺǧû˺ǧկʲôˣ
Цһҿ׵ĸ㣬կΪ飬Ϊȫɱǿԣ׽ǣ޿ܡڶǲΪֻʥǴˣǣΪһұ֤ǳµһ죬ʳĹһΪᣡеǱԽңʥԽӴ֮ʳʥһܵգǰ׻һ
ƽɨüľһⰡ
̫֣ƽҪ˵ϻҶ֮ģ·˽֪عزˮӺͻĵһת̫˵ҶЩˡع˥ǣѾӰ쵽ʥ˴μ棬͸оʥȡٶȥųйǽʱ㻹Ҫĵ㡣
ǺһЦ۾΢еһֱ棬ʥ͹˵ʲôϵʹ壬ҲߵȫͬĵҪ˵˵ҽ󣿡

̫ƽÿǵĿ⿴λ֮ˡ
漰ʥ֮ôܸˣ
˲˵ҲʧǺЦػǸ˲õﰡ˲˲𡭡
̫ƽĪ֮Ժһ̶üʵʲô˼
˵濤ǵĴãعвͬ󳼶飬ˡЮİգϾѾд󲿷ֵ˶ԸΪġʹҪ緣ЩΪûҲҲˡ飬ȴػʶȻܾˡԵعǿʢ֮Э̶ѪּϴشѾˣعų㵹Ԩ׻䣬һȥѻͷ
̫ɫصػΪάع
ҡͷûô򵥣ҹػʵǻЩΪظͿ֮ˣΪӢһôĵľġ˶ˣʲôԡ
СƽΪֲ²ˣһ˵ػǹ˥ˣĿΪˡܰɣܣ
־㤵뷨ƽ޵
ʥѹһˣʥˣʳϾػôܹԸҶ
ȴǺһЦĬĽ̫ûֿܣЩ
һʼ¶ʹկ
ٰ䣬з˵Ĺˡй˾½ȵȡ
Ϊģˣֱӵ˵ĳˣչʾҺկĹϵ
֮ģֵز
Ĭú󣬽̫Щػ֮ѶԶҶʲôɣҲͬھ
ǺЦػ˽ܣд󱧸Ȼ޷ͷи̫ϻʣҲͬھȻ֣ѵܽ
ƽǲ⣺Ҳ˵ܲܳȥҶĳȥˣûʥعܻȥ
棺عûʥˣӺͻԳֶԸع
ƽҡͷǵᣬ
ǺһЦȻᣬôػʲôʹٻܻͷ϶һʺɣҲ²⣬ػʶԶҶԼعϣѪΪȴ޷Լĺڱ̨Ѿ̵˼㡣֣֣ţȥʷӺͻǵĿҹƣҲԼоˡҲд࡭λʧػʲع˥ȥģѾʹǰһǴᣬع˻ָҶȹڣȥȵ컹ѡ

ǰĳˣƽתת飬ع
ǺǣȻ



İٶʮ Ϊ
裿
̫ƽĪĿ㲻ڸʲô
عӵһǿ䵽ز˵ɣȻռ˺ܴԵɡ
Դ
Ȼȴûи˽͵˼ʵ֣֣˴˴ǰĿǡǿнһûˣ˴Ҳ²Űɣ
ȿȡ
ƽԣһȻʵһѡ
Ŀƽ߳ŭƨ
ǺЦԣڿƨ
̫ׯصˣ˿̶̲סЦ
һûЦˣĸĸҵ׹ԼѧԺĶͷʼѹص
ͬˣ۴ݵλǸ൱ģƽЩƾܴ棬֪Ǳֳŭݰ
ԣ˾Щƽ۽塣
Цգ̫ɾԿڣΪĳջǺƤǰɾغֵȳǽԴգֺղһ֮أȴȱأԮ
Ե˵ͷȴû˵軹ǲ裬ƽΪ֮ңַԭսгҰʳҲͰˣǳռˮ磬ϱߵطһĶУҲȱ
ƽɿϾҲ˺ܾãʳҲڴ͢ʵûʳˣҪȱ
εռ֮ز롢ɣ˿ڸǲһɣֻһܹԸͺܲˣи࣬Ҳ಻࣬Ĺ֮ãҲ˵֣Ȼǳʳ͢Ϊβ
ƽĪҪңԨаͳֵ͢һͿҿɲĵ
ԣĿ֪һȹһأζʲô𣿶㡭ԺܸҵЩ䣬Щ죬ⲻƾ׸ô
ƽԣɫһãҧϻ˵챾ʳ
ҡͷǱ߾޵׶ˣ߼ͼ۶ʣ˿ɣģͰмֶԽ̫ͬˣ̰ƣֻҪ°һҪͶȡӹ
̫ԣɫЩصԶԶ
ǺЦûϵ˿ʳбʮ꣬û̫˿ˣȻ˶٣ʱ٣Ǩԭ֮ʵǶ˵ԣ֣һʥ飬һֱ㲻ΪʲôҪֳɼ
̫Цҡͷôİʳû˸Ůû𡣡
ƽҲҡͷ˭ҡ
룬֪롢ǼȻưǲңôܸøһɣҲཱི߽ľǳӶСһ֮ģҶҪ
̫ԣεĿ£һܶϣҪȥһ
ƽŵͷü⣬Ȼԣ²£ǻȥ顣ҷ˵йع֮£ǻȥغͶʥ˵ףܶһȥػ̸ԭݲһأ󣬴ģعпΪҶһҪ

ɽϡ
®ڡ
ֹһ꣬ƺ˼֡
İü۽ǣҲ˼֡
Ž̫£Ԩο
̫Ĭú󣬻ҡͷ֮գǵӿϡ򻢲
ֱ̫޷ɱҶɣʧȥǵĶҶʲô
ǶҶǸֵĸöãǡ
򶫷ҶҰģµһ
ѧͻʳ˾ٵ⣬կͺڱ̨֮ѡ
ǷӲʮأǽ̫ܹ˳нӷӴλʥôѧͻʳ˾ԥԥ϶ѡֺ֧ڱ̨
ʥһѹկ
ϧʱҶ¶Ұ÷һ˶кһ
ʹ÷Ԫ޷˳࡭
ҲӰãӺͻԶҶľͲΣ͸Ұġ
ʹع˥ʱ侮ʯ
ңѡկ
һһģĪǰ
ӻԨȥСѣȺػ̸عĹǣػӮǸдĻߣСתһʱɸһŵŵԣֽ档
̫𾪣ʵӣܣҪ𣿡
̾ϢһΪʦܶʮ꣬˳ʥҪ
̫ü㶫Ҷ۰ڵҰģعľأҲûʵʩ˰ɣ
ҡͷԨ㻹δסѷǶҶܷʵʩҰôˣկһҪͺڱ̨ȻǲկҲһʩֶΣعˡȵҶ޿ʱһ᲻һг֣һвǣһ֡ΪǵգȱҶϴԸһկףկ֣Ըһĺڱ̨ʱˣҶһ᲻Ұģ
̫˵ͷ̵ӣɾδûҰġ
ЦλСѵȷҰģҰģԭսΪڶ񣬲мΪ֮ǽҰķں⡣֮λСѧˣı߾»ԭģƶҶ޼ɵԨȥСѣΪڰɡһڱ̨ʶָ꣬ᡣȴ룬ҶϾ·



İٶʮ ͯҥ
ζŨ
կ𣬸ʮկڣǻЦ
ŨŨζƮɢ
ȥʱֻʣĺͯǣ񳤵ֽʵɫ²õѣɽܣصſЦ
ʢ֮󰡣
ɽϣ񴺿һĻĻ̾̾նԵЦСп֮ܡ
ǺЦνҶȨûȤҲûȤؼһ£ĪҪջһͺáֻã֮ǰҾܴż˹ϰݸֻججĹһӣûģҪѣܶܶ
Գ˳ǣǸǰ֪ˣ˭֪ⷬʲôģ
˵⣬񴺵ɫǿЦ⡣
ڱ̨Ⱥ˵ɲƴĨңߣҶηһףƿ仰Ȩҵĺû޷Ǿ̰ɫЩνˡ
ЦܿÿͺãСͬأΪʲô
һ޹ҲҪģػӮһӡ
ԣɫҡͷһ޷ػҪȥҶͺڱ̨ʵڷ˼СƾӮּǣȷԸҶͺڱ̨
ǺһЦȷֻǲ²⡣ֻ²͹ˣһĿܣҲܷŹ
ŻͷǰػʹдģǾ̫ˡӺͻԶҶ֣ûʥ䳣жԽ֣ҵ˵֮䰵ĬġϾҪһ֡
ԣ۾һ޵ʥ֣ҶûҰģûԶΣǣδܳΪʦ۷壬ʹɱʥ˵һկңӺͻǣʵǡǡ෴˵ҪɱҶ˵Լ߾·
ҶһˣΨһû׼ģڱ̨կѾ˲ݵľ棬ѧͻʳ˾֮ѡվӡѱ֮صǺһսŰƫҰİĶҶ֮䣬Ӻͻǵѡ񡣵Ȼǲָ˶սᶫҶֻҪܳסҶߣӡ
ɫ֮ƽѲɣʵǴ£вأصСӺͻ֣
ǺЦֻҪǲ£һ֡ȻöҶˣǶҶ޵δǣҡ磬Īţһǳ֣дġ
񴺿Цıʥˡǧδ֮°Сǽ
ϵЦݽȥź񴺵磬ȹͳȥѰ壬ҽ֮Ϥͻ׵ġ

īԺᡣ
еȸѾٺͻʺһˣ̴Сһ֣ȸʰһԷ
ҹʱ֣ˣȸʹ̡ѩʦ̫һѧŷٺӤݺСþȻҲڰæ
ݺСûЩɬ
ѩ￴ǲ˳ۣǰΪŮΪ˻ôãȻҲûһ
Ҳںλĸ̬ȣû˳۹
ѩߺʦ̫ЦСͿˣʲôʱܻɽꣿ
ԣЦͿˣͿˡ
һԴ̶Ƥ̣Ļţһ굽ͷҲЪ죬ⶼˣæ˻ɡ˴ʦǳˣȴĴԿգ޶Ůڣ㲻˻ؼһô£
εǽ·Ҫɮնʩ£޳
ڣ̲סЦٷƨ˵ģ
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ԲҪϸõӣ̫ƽս£ǵһٲ֮ǣΨŬЩϣʦ̫¡˵գһ
ˣʦ̫ûüãһСþЩ½ʦ̫ΪεĿԼɵŮһۣҡͷ
ǰһ𣬿ڡҲǷԣǵġ
ʵߵŮ˶̫ɫ۳֦Ҷʥ˶ŮУ书һһų⣬εĶƷʦòȸǻʺһһĽŮӣλ£Ǽ㾻ֱ覡
СЩŮм䣬ƽƽ档
ǣҲ֪СһĶϵϣ֣޷ء
οһ̫أҲȥǿвɢ
ֻЦ˵½֣ҲһҵԸοʦ֮顣񡶽ղ񹦡صɽűǴһٰЩ꣬λʦ۷ľ֣ܲ½շħ󣬿ʥˣԸСסҼ֮࣬ʲô£ֵʲô
һЦһˣ˵Щˡ£׼ʲôʱ죿
ԣͨ죬߶ȥ
ǺЦЦȫ̺ʦ̫˵գĿȴȸϡ
ɫվǾ͵ȹɣˣС˵ˣ߰ɡ
ʦ̫ҲЦСҲöˣΪСŶϲú档
һ˵Цɢȥŵÿգһֱ΢Цȸڻḧƽ̹ĸͯҥ



İٶʮ 
ػʹʼʵ
ػӮڱ̨ʥ˶ҶԶ
ӮΪ𣬴˿ȴҲ˼𾴣̾Ϣ޲֪կܣ佻ף뻢ıƤֻǣ͢ʵȱһ˿ȴЩ֮δ͢⣬֣ҪʳҪӡĪ˵⿤ڣж֮롢ݱȴغЩҲ޵Ľ˵ҲǾ棬֮£ʳ֮ȻȲһɽѡƵޣòһأڣ޺޲ԼԼ
˵Ӯһƻǰϣ顱һйеŭ
ҶɫĮĿһУȻΪʥ֮֮ص֮һһҲ벻
Ϊ书ٸߣҲ䲻ʳ
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̫鵭ѡط˭Ҳͬ⣬ֻڴ˽ˡ
ƽС۾Ƴ۾˼ԶЦһ
ѡ棬أعкô
ԵĲ˵ֻҪڱ̨ĿһսܣһʦͻʦĻӡ
ʦ۷ͻưʥĿܣӴ١
ߣƫعʥ˸˼ӳ֮ʥԪΰҲĪĺô
ԣĶҶ
ͬҶҲĻ档
еѧԶѡɣɽ֮ۡ
˼ԶǰἸʮĺ˼Щӡ
ͬǽ̫飬ĽģҲǽ̫顣
ͬǣעѳʥ
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ΪҶصĵӣԶҶԪҪһꡣ
ʥжҶѳ֣ע˼Զ֤
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ٿ̫ͻӵòȴԨsȣһȣԱߵƽֱ˲ݼ
ӽţһȥĽ̫ܽһǧʥء
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⻰ľ˼ԶˣȻмģţڶҶǰ¶һ˿һ˼֮ء
˼Զæʧˣ޶֮ʣƽܲʥ֮֮ңθҿŴ
ƽЦͺǲԵȣ̸ʲô飿㻹ʥн飿
˼ԶɫȻһݵλǰ󣬿书ȴߵġ
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ˣĪ˵ҶӺͻ涼΢΢ɫ
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˼ԶĿ⺧ȻĿƲϵǵӰɫˮ
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ƺкǧǰ㣬˫ָơˡˣ־磬ѾȶҶˡ
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ٱȺǧʮ꣡
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ƽԣ˼ĵͷԨ˵ʵһһ㶼͸һʥҲˡаڽչ죬ԽԽϡɡʥǧΪ˼ֻѡľϧˣĲŸܵЩʱգСӴعУһ֮ˣʥһƺƵҲܳʥȵǸʱկδػڡ
˼Զԣ߷ŭ߷ߵǹʥһ֪
Ҷδ̵һһʥѧʶʥشǰ¶֪һ棬ɨء
˼ԶҲάֲסɫˣޱ
Ȼǽ̫黹ƽû˼
֮ˣԣ
ʱƽȻߴ֣Цף
˼Զ˳ƿȥͫȻ롣
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ԵƽһֱĬȻĽ̫˶˵ʱ飬ȴþ˼Զͷһ
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ȴڵǧʥԵ֮죿Īǿ˹
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ǧ˵һ仰˵ȷعˡ
СԺֻѡ
ȴǺεʫʣ
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ӦģǺǧһ
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ڴѾʱˣȫ¼ѾӲ
ΨĿڴһĨůδ
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Ȼһ
ïѾ㱵ľ͵һڵȵˣȫȴҲֻĺ
漴ǰһڣεȥ
εǰ·𿴵˼ɫӰ
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Ҷ֪ںǧδʥǰýڣУɾ콣֮ȴδõǧǰʥ߽⣬򽣹ڡ
ͳֶԸǧˡ
δϣǧȻҲõһбó߽⡣
ԭɱһʥ˺ǧ׷ƽ˶Ҷľ磬һȴ˸
ֵһ˺һ¾ͲֹöҶˣشˡ
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δã۾һƽ͵뽪̫ӡ
֮󣬽̫黺˫ۣüͷҹ棬;ô
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ѽ
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ӴС㣬㡭ѽ
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ۼµһĻҪʱ˼ʹȥˮкȻڳһӰսСͯһѳȻء
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ʮСɰкǵЦ㣬ѵҲ㣿Űɣͷ͸ԪԪ㣬СƨɡԺаˣûƨƨ
Скһˣһ˫Сסƨɣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ̣ĸҪûƨƨ
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ǰરવᣬתͷҪʰ޾
һСŮӣЦҲûŶԪԪʲôģֻй̺ܽϲġ
һӢ֮һ°ͣˬͣҲ̫ˣƼƼãԽԽˣҴƼƼߡҪƳҪʹǳ²ɡҪˮﱻˣͷҲûұ罻ǣ
ˣ죡
ùѾͷס󣬴̺廳кԺɲٴˣһ½ɲġ
Ц棬㣬ĸĸ˵ǵĸ˵Ҫ
ԣĲûůˣТ˳ĺúӣ
ЦǺǵŴӴ̻Ŵ̵СʵĸҵǸӢۣ书µһ²Ϊôձæ£չĸ
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ޣ
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ˣ
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