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ҶС磬аƽƶ꣬ǮȨƣŮˡʹ֮ʱ֮µõһöӵķ壬˭֪оһ顣
˺Уͬ࿴ѧѧƯæŮǹӶڡ
ҿεֵڶŮջ
Ȩķıܵɫǰ


1 ʧ
塭һһеУ԰ڣһӴһУ԰
һΪеصѧռǧĶУڸ¥·ֱʯţڶֲͤʯ̻ػ̻䴮һʯ̻ÿһΣɧʫʣÿͤжһԲʯΧڷİʯʣż䣬˾п
У԰ɢһŨŨ֮һʷĻ֮еصѧ
ǵ󣬲һӵʱ䣬ѾõУ԰һӷ˵У԰ഺĻ
ʱŽѧ¥߶İУҶһ̵ʰϵ鱾
С磬ôû뿪һҶСߣһĿߵҶСһļһЦ
ֻλһң緢üëŨڡ˫ĿԲ󡢱ߣͦǵ̿㣬´ҲǵЬһ֪Ǹ򰮺ߣҶСװ
ҶСعͷ΢΢͸һ˿ͷǿһЦװôûлؼң
Ҹղ׼ȥǿ쾹Ȼû뿪ңôûȥɩӣװִҶСĲļϣǺһЦ
װ⻰ҶСͷһ漴𣬰ޱȣһѹеĲ죬Цˣ߰ɣ
˵꣬ȥ
ԣԣСƽʱӵģ϶£װҶСıӰüͷ첽ȥҶС粢߳˽ҡ
С磬ôˣʲôˣװҶС˫ʵ
û£û¡ҶСϹҳһ˿΢ЦȻϴ΢Цȴͬǰʹࡣ
û£װЩŵʵ
Ȼģ˵ʲô£ҶСĵ΢΢һЦװʵļһ¡
ҶСЩɣڿһ鶼ûУװҡҡͷԼ˰ɣ
ҲǰѧϰɼӸ߶༶к飬һлǸأװٺһЦǾ仰ô˵㼲һҹˬ
һտҶС緭˸۵еʹҲ˼֡
ٺ٣ֲǲ֪ҶЩʫʸͲȤܼһͲˣѧϰϲ󷢸пװͻȻЩԾ۽ǵ쵽ҶСͣӡ
ŤͷȥҶСֹɫҰףĶǰ档
˳ҶСĿ⿴ȥȴ֣ǰ治ԶһһūEMINUɫһͷ鷢⡢Ӣ§һŮһߵĲ·˹
ǲѧУķ־ǿ𣡵ĿͶں־ǿߵŮʱ׾ˣȵŴͣжһǲɩӡҶСŮޱôôӶЩ·ˣӺͻָ˹ʱΪʲôղŷҶСЩԾԭˡ
ʱ־ǿޱȻҲˣޱЩȻĿһҶС磬ͷ
־ǿǹһ˿΢ЦһҶС磬ְޱĸˣ˹
ΪʲôҶСɫаסЩĶޱʵ
ҶС磬ޱޱѾҵŮˣϣԺҪپޱޱҪȻҹҲӡ־ǿĵ
ʲôװǰһᵵҶСǰͦΣĿɷź־ǿ
װҶСͷ־ǿɫĺѿЩɵĿװȴǱ䣬Ҫͷ
ҾҪֵָôˣװǰ̤һСһεɢ
־ǿɫһ䣬΢΢һ˿װ˶㣬ҿɲ㡭
ʱֵѧһΧΧȺޱ˿ܣ־ǿӵĿһҶСС磬֪Һܺãǲʣ㻹Ұɣ
ߡ˵꣬ź־ǿ˿
ô£ǲѧУУݺ־ǿ𣿡
ߵŮŮޱ
ޱ
ޱһи߶Ǹÿ궼һı̬Ůѡ
Ůôͺ־ǿһѵ
Χͬѧ۷׷ס
ұ졣װĿɱ䣬Χ˸Ͻɢ˿ǿòɷǡ
־ǿޱ뿪װ׼׷ȥȴһʹ֮ɫҶСסˡ
ˣûҪΪңһ鷳ҶС˫Ŀ񣬱üΪ䵭
С磬ֵܣֻҪһ仰ͱǸһﶼСװҶСϡ
װлл㣬ˣϽȻȥɣҪȻ̻żģһ˾һ˵꣬ҶСУȥ
׷ҶС磬һ뵽ҶСԸǷˣοȷԼ̵ԼǺҶСʲô£͵͵ĸ
Ĵ֣еϣææµµϵıҲͬϲŭǽɥ
ҶСǰţƳĺˣɢһ˫Ŀ񡢱䵭ƶκ鶼Ȥһ㡣
Ϊʲô⵽Ϊʲôѵǲʺĺʹ˵ʹѹֵԺ
ֲһʱ䣬ͿԼ˳ڱ˵ĻǶôʹ鰡
СӣЩɣ裬ȥɣҶСʹ֮ʣһ
ҶСͷһֻеһλͷ׵ڴĿĿǿ͸µĲɣмһ֮һλ֪ʶԨߡ
ǰһһƽҵİɫë̺Сڷϣ̶ָȵȣɢһɹ֮ҲǹŴ֮һ㣬ҶС֪ЩǷƷֵ˼Ǯġ
Сӣܲãʺ㣬ɣˣ֤鸣졢졣ߺĵ
ǮҶС羫㱣̵˹ʵ
ǮСӣ꼴ԵҾ͸һ۰ɣֻҪʮǮˡ
ҶС罣üһޱĵ˵ͷӿڴͳһͰ͵ʮԪǮݸߣùֻƲһ͸壬װ˿ڴУͼǰȥ
ǰǾԲģΪÿ¸Ǯޣʱ±ⶼˣ̸ЩΪʵ̫ʹˣʹ֮²ˣû뵽ö壬˷츲صı仯


2 
ƽСרΪЩͥƶ֮˽һСԻס⣬ȻǺܹ
ƽСʮ¥ڶʮ㣬Ҳ㣬¥̨ϣһʮƽҵķڴˡ
ǲģֻǣ¥ʱ¥ʣı߽̫ˣǴպŸôһС䣬ҲΪ価á
СҶСסķ䣬ũ壬кԶһڵصУ϶ڵѧҶСũ忼ѧѧУҲûиᣬҶСֻס
طܹûǮֻѡסڴˣ䷿ݻת֮²ҵģ¥ϣ۸ܱˣһ²ˮһٿǮ
ֳ֣һֿҼһϴ䣬ķںܼ򵥣һŵ˴ӣһӣһ¯
ʱҶСޱ飬һڴϣ۽ǾӨˮʪ˶ߵͷ͸ϣˮ߲ʵĹâ
ǵãһﵥӺ汧Լϵů
ǵãһʱԼĸ첲Ҹĸо
ǵã䷿Уһճҹȵʱݡ
ǵãǰɳ̲ϣɳӶѳɵԣ߸ǧߣȺɣͬʿ࣬Ǹ
յĻЦյĭյɽ˺ģ˿̼ջƻһȥ
ǵǰ𣿾Ѥĭǰ㣬һˣʹǺޡŭǰˡ
ʱͻȻ䣬һҫ۵Ѥ֮ɫڴɢʱɫʷ׳ʣǻ
ô£ӴſڴһɻͻȻˣĿڴװһ壬ǵǿ壿еЩܣΪǿһһƷͲŹ⣬ĿڴòƳǿûĶ
֮£ǰ˿ڴǿ˳һˣ⿪ʼһƷ𣿱һ͸ʱȻʮɫЩѤɫġ
ףҶС羪һȴöɢʮɫнڻһ̲Һ壬ǽڡ
ͻȻһͷĿѣʱתһĿռУܻɣͬδʱĻ硣
Ȼ֮䣬ǰĿռĸɢѤɫʵĴ֣䡱㶵ʱĸͻȻը˿ΪɢŸɫʵС֣׼ϸȥʲôʱʱһתֳ˷Уԭơ
ô£ղôˣʱͻȻʹСһ㣬ȫǼʹͬ͹ʹʹͲܳܵ˵ģͬ˿һһиϵ⣬һֱи˹
ʹྐྵȻʧĵʹö࣬ҶСʹڴϲͣطţҧɫҰףҪšһˣˮͣðһ䣬ȫʪ͸ˣƸմˮ̳һ㣬ʹʵܣҶСʹ˹ȥ
ʱһһ뽥ȥʹڴϵҶС˹Ӵ˫Ŀɻ
ղô£ΪʲôҵԵ޹ʵʹ
ˣôƻʱˣĿô죿˿ɫѾҶСЩյص
ղŷѧʮӣֻһСʱĳԷʱ䣬Сʱʱ䣬Ҳ˵ϿΣȻٵĲٳٵˡ
ٸʦһɣǸ壬
ͻȻ䣬ղʹ֮ǰһصĿռ䣬ˡ䡱ĸѤĴ֡
ףµʱ򣬾ԺжһЩ
ΪѳֻأУ쳾أ˹񹦡
񹦷
֮飬ϲŭ㡢ޡ֮֮þɱꡣ
ͬһһ֮ɫ㡢ζ⣬֮ɾͲ֮
϶Ϊһ֮֮ܶ壬Ϊϱ䣬Ե˵֮ϧĪ䡣
ЩֺҶСһӾˣĪһ书ؼѵгɺľС˵е߱ڡӰȥ٣
ôأѵС˵еЩ鹹ģСͰС˵ҶС


3 Ľѩĵ绰
ˣҲûʲô˼ţϲ˵ֻҪĸ˺ܴĲͿԿ֮лԣҶС
ţʱʲôζôôҶС˳ӵζôǴҵɢģѵҵéˣ
ͷһԭ׸ɾİɫ䣬ھȻ˺ɫ̫ˣ׷ʲô£䶼ˣ֪Լжôࡣ
ҶСһµӴϹϽ䣬ٶȼ죬һˮϴϵЩںĶ
ףҵô࣬ѵղЩںĶڵʣöΪҷëϴ衢ıʣҶСȫӣžɬ¶һ˿˷ܵЦݣʧʹѾȥ
ѵǸĲɣ췢ϵʵ̫ˣżʹԼ˵ȥûš
ʣҶС߳䣬ϵˮ飬ϽڴµһֻƾɵƤһɫĶһѾϴ÷˵ţп㣬ϡ
հ·ʱоЩԾǵã·Ƚϴ󣬵ڴϾȻպʣѵҳ˲ɣԭֻ166cmڴ·ĴСϿ170cmˣԼ˺ܶ࣬ȫ۾Ҳǰ˺ܶ࣬ҲΪʢ
𣿡ҶС췢ϵʵ̫ˣʹһԼĴȣʹýһŸղĵطۣĲΣٺ١
С硭С硭𣿡ʱ洫һŮĽҶСǳϤǹϽⶰ¥¥̷Ӣ̡
ҶС缱æһ˫Ьţ̰̣֪ʲô£΢΢һЦܿص֮˵ķӣȫǳ̷ӢĹ͡
̷ӢʮԷ̴棬һͷ΢Щɫ㷢ֱϮһǳɫȹһ˫СȻԲ⻬Сһ˫ɫϣԵĶˡ
û°̾Ͳ𣿡̷Ӣװŭӵ
ǲǣҲ˼ҶС缱æš
ˣ㿪ЦŶˣҲˣһλŮͬѧ绰Ͻȥһ¡
ҶСû绰ûֻѧУдѧϵʱд¥´ĵ绰룬Ҳǳ̰ҵġ
ŮͬѧҶСЩɻѧУͷϾûкͱ˵ԼŮޱ⣬ΨһŮͬѧҲͬĽѩˡ
ޱ绰ȻܣѾ˵Ļٸ绰û˼ʣµֻĽѩˣΪѧϰίԱԼĿûȥϣȻҪˣȻǲǣһӵ绰֪ˡ
С磬ǲǸŮѰ̷ӢЦʵ
ǡҶСɬһЦȷĵ
ǲ֮䷢ʲôˣҶСı飬̷ӢʵϾǹˣ۾ģ̾һĳصС簡ǰ˵㣬ŮҪǫһ㣬ҪʹƢҲҪ⣬ĴҲҪ֪𣿡
ҶС˵ͷ
̷Ӣļһ¥һᣬ͵˳̷ӢļңҶС˵绰ιãǣ
ҶС磬ôûϿΣ绰һͷһ¶ˣͬĽѩ
ҽЩˡ
ףȻҴ绰ǹ飬ҶС
Ŷ
˳ĬƬ̣ĽѩҶС磬Ҷ֪ˣȻҶԸ²ǣҾҪĲ̸飬ѧϰĿģǵ˵Ҫһƴѧ㸸ĸһѵɣţѾˣһҪʱУ
Ľѩǹġ
ĽѩĻҶСһͷðЩ亹ǰڲܳʧʹˣҪǵѧϰôԵũڸֵĸĸأҪţɢһĪĹʡ
Ľѩлл㡣ҶСܸмص
û£ͬѾͨˣһҪϿŶϿˣȹˣݰݡ󣬱һཱུĶ
ҶС˵绰Ϲһ˿Цݣû뵽Ľѩͦ˵ġ
С磬ӣǲֺͺˣ̷ӢһЦݵʵ
ô£绰ҵͬѧ
ͬѧҿǼ򵥵ͬѧϵɣ̷ӢĿҶСһۣС磬û뵽㻹ͦġ


4 һ
ҶСЦһ£ĽѩѧУĴŮ֮һѧϰͻҲã˵İְһλ߹٣׷˶ΧŲٳƼȦвǮƵļͥӵܣĽѩǸͲǣҶСôһλŮһŮӶģǳ˵Σ⡣
ֻ̰̣ͬѧҶСε˵
𣿡̷ӢϹһ˿΢Ц
ģֻ̰̣ͬѧǶһͬˣ˵Ļ١ҶСЩˡ
˺ˣ㣬ղǶġ̷ӢһЦС簡㰢̶죬˵һ䣬ǴũģȳЩ˵ӵܣһѧҵΪأ鰮黹ε׵ģҪ㣬ҪȻķѧҵ֮ʲô⣬ڶҪ
ҶСĳ̷ӢһǷԷθĹģǸмĵлл̰̹ġ
ʱͻȻһɵķۺɫӳ̷Ӣɢ
ͬʱһвɫԺУһ㣬ԼֱӵԭɶԷУģ֮ۺɫЩɫͻȻһ䣬һľͼĺߣžͼõĿĵһ㣬˸е졣
Ŀ̷ӢɢЩķۺɫȻƮ˹ë׽ڣһЩۺɫͰǸľͼϵĺָʾķУоһůڻ˶ţÿһ֣оٱȺ԰׽ǿ򱶡
С硭С硭̷Ӣ˼
̰̣ʲô£ҶС˹
ղôˣ
ŶҸղһЩ飬ĳˡ
ǾͺãһΪأˡ̷Ӣһ
ͻȻ䣬ֿ˳̷ӢɢһɫһвɫֳԺУģ֮죬ա
ѵҲգҶС뵽ǣողԺеǷͼеĺ߹켣תڵ˿ůЩɫֱë׽뵽˾к͸ղŵ˿ںһʱ˼֣оԼǰδеĺãʹǱ۾Χһ׷ΧڵĶԺУ¶һ˿֮ɫԶ״̬¡
С磬û°ɣ̷ӢĻҶС״̬
̰̣û£㵣ˡҶСǸ⡣
£⺢ӣ飬˵ȲҪЩ⣬ѧҵгɵʱ򣬰̸һǸĸ͵ģһܸ÷˰ɣ
⻰ҶСͷðһˮ飬һ㲻˵
ôѵҪҪٸ㡭
̰̣һЩ£ˣæҶСϽˣҪó̷Ӣ˵ȥƶˡ
⺢ӣæŸأֲˣŶ˸ղŶôͻȻ࣬Ҳ˲٣Ҹʡ̷ӢҶСҴȥıӰ
ҶСһصԼѣӡһɫεĴεЦһ£ûɣŪˣѾ˵·ʹȫϴһһСʱʱ䣬Űȫ㶨ɹǿ¥ϡ
ͻȻһŲͷһȴ̷ӢжһУ
С磬ڿ죬֪컹ûгԷһнӣϽȳˣ̻ҪæȸˣһҪųԡ̷ӢѽӷҶСϣȻȥ
ų̷ӢıӰҶСůģǸмİĳ˹ĺҸ
߻˷ݣкǸӵĴ򿪷Ľӣ˵ζ
ͻȻ䣬ղЩյڣڻ֪ô£е꣬۾ϸĸڣǼȾϲֺ£ϲⲿģôɾͻᷢ츲صı仯µǣղһжǻþҪĻͻջϲһ
ģȻģҸоˣпϲоˣڵȷһůڰǷͼߵĹ켣˶


5 
ѵڵС˵νĻҲԳΪһִָˣҶСYY
ҶСЩתһ˿еůһ˿ۼʳָϣȻ䣬ֱָľ
һҽзղŴľǸʳָƶһ㣬ʹ˦˦ʳָȻš
ô£ѵˣòɻҲ֪ʹãڵǵòɡ
ͻȻˣ֮ԺǸòƳֹôһ仰֮þɱ֮꣬ɾͲ֮
ѵֻ֮˵ľӣ֮񣬿ԶĿƴﵽϸ΢֪ܲҹ߾С˵еƶпܣһԣҶСжڵһ˿ů˫ۣҶСֻ˫Ŀһ֮У͸⿴ȥȴڰɫȻһͬһ㡣
ĿҹҶСһϲȻȲĳԾ֮תڵ֮Ŀһӡ
Ľһ


˺üζûгɹûзϵĳţһȫעľƶ˵Ķһ˿
ǽӶ֮ҶСоȫһ˯񲻼ѣڵһ˿֮ҲһЩϽתһ˿оһ˿˿ë׽룬Ȼ뾭кһ˿֮ںһ
Щɺ쳾ɢһ˿˿֮ĿǰҶСʵͲ޼ɵպ쳾еֻ֮һ˿˿ֱʱ֮жն١
ҶСľ״̬ƺܶ࣬ȫָ˹⻹֮ͦģĵ΢΢̾һڵ̫ˣеóȥң
ٶȽ˷еĽӣЬӣžȥ
߳ƽСңһⷱҵ֣ҵϿŸָŵ꣬խСִҵϺᴩ棬С̯ͰЩСֵϣʱʱܿһЩĻڵĹŻڸй䡣
һطÿ˶رĶ࣬ҶСһǰһ߸Χ˵Ȼ˲ÿһϵıҲܷḻ˵ϳֵ֮ӦúܶǣǣҶСͿ֮Щɥ
ӦҵĹ̫ˣﲻҪҲǣһ㾫Ҫסôɢ֮ҶʧУ׳Уò԰Σٲɸ¥ƽ𣬷ҪһһڵĳԣҲҪһһҲ֪ⲿ䵽жٲ㣬
ЩʱͻȻԼײһ£Ҳһ̧ͷһȴһɫġɫ緢Ÿ̵һ˦ڼϵꡣ
һͻ鷳ģҶС
Сӣ·ôô۾ǲǲˣëǰ̤һƾˣĿҶСһ̡
ҶСûлشɫƽĿŻë꣬ҪǰֱܵΪ֪ԼǲԷԼԸܾҪǲ߳ԿԼ
ǣԴöںҲ
ߺȣСӻңǲ֪ߵغ񣬷ʺϴ㻹ǵһҵˣҪǸղģ˳ٸһЩʧѣ½ҹˣڣҲһѵ˻һ۸󡣡
ҶСƽ޻ԼܵصƣһССѧԼǻˣҪǳȥһҪЩѧҪͷˡ
ʱΧΧ˺ܶΧ۵ˣǿҶСĿ֮ɫȴûһ˸æ
֮״֮⣬ҰףҶСԺͻȻֳ֣컹Щջģ
û꣬תڵ֮ɫȫУڵ֮ںһ
ԺֳһͼЩߣΧϵĻɫУյڶͼϺߵĹ켣У֪һͼ֮˹·ͼڶֵ֮ģڻţμ
ʱ޻жð˻С̫ˣȻԼǿ벻̣һǹȭֱҶСա


6 ˭۸˭
޻һȭҪҶСʱҶС磬ĿɢһĨʣΧһ׷Χڵһƿ֮УУԷȭͷٶ˺ܶ࣬΢΢һͷ˹ȥ
ףû뵽㻹ӣܶҵȹ޻΢΢һҶСĿⶼһˣȴǷŭͬλ弡ʵǾȣղ޻һȭж֪ģе˼λ꿴һҶС
ȣ̣֮ŭ֮ŭɫ֮ͣǳ죬һֳԺУЩ֮ȫУɲǼ䣬елӻ
޻һ󷢳һž˫ȭȻӶ޾ٶȼ죬һҶСȴüǻһ޻˫ȭͬʱĻӶȭͷһӱ޻ۿϡ
޻۲ҽһСڰϻ뵽һζǿҲ˵ڶԼĹ󣬻Լһȭʵ
޻һȭҶСûͣǳʤ׷ǰ̤һһȭ޻ۿϣ첲Ѹһֱϡ
޻ٴηһҽУģˣĵ
飡ҶСһһȭ޻ۿϡ
޻ʹֱУϴͲܻһط𣿼۸˵ģûô۸˵ģôô˼ҵ۾ԺôµСأء
ףǸӣֵҳ֣һһ磬ҶСȭգ죬һȭֱҶСĺס
ҶСûлͷһЫӰβٶȼ죬ֱ˫֮˵Ҫ֮
λ͵ϮҶС꣬ҽһһҰףͷð亹˵Ϲӣ˫סǸλͣ
ȥҫһû뵽δԼȱԷ̵ˡ
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ֻڶ֮ѸٴУµĲĪ⣬ЩĹȫգ½Ƕû
ҶСûзᣬ̤²˫ȭӶ


һҽ𣬲һӵʱ䣬ЩСȫҶСſˣһڵֹ
ҶС翴ųºƣһһȥ
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7 
ҶС硭ԺгֵײҶС类һ˼·
ҶСͷһԭԼУͬĽѩУſ˽
Ĵһ㣬һʽɫԲɫŦ۵Ķ䣬һڵסϥǵɫȹ㷢Ĵ򣬷ЩľƺɫЩ΢һ˿֮ü㣬ĿǳСɣһɫСͬǺŵɫ۹߹󣬵ţ֮ġ
УŮĽѩҶСǰôûзôƯأ
ǰֻ֪ѧϰѧϰ鱾پŮޱĽѩͺλеһ㣬ݲ̫ˣֻ̧ͷӣǣԸͲǰĽѩ󣬼ʹĽѩͬ˳һЩϾûԣĽѩҲǺܹע
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ҶС磬ʲôô񣿡Ľѩ˼˹
ŶûʲôĽѩɰĻͦġҶС羲˾񣬺ǺһЦ
Ҳĺ硣ҶСĽѩĿзһɫʣû˰ɣ
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ҶС磿ȻҶСıӰĿзһ˿ɫҸŮˣҪ֪ôġ
ҶСĻһԩĽѩ֮ûʲôϵ


8 Ůʦ
˼鷳ˡһ¥ĽѩϽɿҶС֣Сһ죬Щ˼صĿǸ⡣
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ҶС⻰ĽѩɫźһЩЩȻԲҲǹģ鷳ˣģҲ۸ġҧҧ˵
ɶ㱣ңһ˻Ů˱ǻᱻЦİɣԼ
㣿Ľѩд˲ţǰҶС绹ǸССкڿЩһˣЩ仯һôҲı䲻ˣЩڴҶСܹı䡣
Ȱ㻹СһĺãҲʲô飬ϾǴС浽ģԸһǺ˽ġĽѩ˼һ
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֪ĴӦܲµõд˲ŵɫˣҲˡ
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9 Ľѩط
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ðɣ
ûµģֻһסĽѩЩԥɫôѵ㻹Ұ˲ɣ
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ǸˣĽѩЦһҲãҿĹʲôģǲҲһأ
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ŶˣҰôңҵ֣˶ҲοУ˭ҵҡ
үѵ㲻֪ﴫķ׷ļ£
ļ£Ŷ˵˿ʧٵ£ʲôһЩ˿ڷӷ˿ڰˡ
ûô򵥣ʧٵ˿ڶǶʮµˣ˿ڷӣҪ˸ʲôʵûбҪ֪Щ֮㻹СһЩΪá
һעġ


10 ԲŮ
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ҵϴ㲻ͣ˵ҲķأҶСޱƵصҲû뵽ĽѩѧУֱǱһһ㣬ܶ࣬ڼͥӰ죬ҶС뷨
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ŮĻ𱬣ҲΪޣ˫Դɱ˫Ŀʮ㡣
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ǵȻˣҴСѧ꼶ʱͻˣնкüˣܲãҶСһ̻ʵĳŷһߵ
ҼǵǰҶСûô



11 참
³ĵضζϷ򣬽չ˴أ׼ٴһֻǲ֪ڶͶʷԼһͻȻ䳷ʣһֲƻֻܾʹ˸ǳˣ³һ
ʱֵʱڣݳݺɣﷱï³˷ïı̲ݣ˲ԭһߣһȥɫࡣ
ƽ³ͿӰǰﻹסźü˼ңֻ˵ֹ˴˵ء
ֻǣ³ȴЩ֡
³ϱ̺߱ķϣһСɽȺСɽϱ˾ߣڶΧһȦڶǰ⣬پǸ߾ļˣϻʲôȹɱǼˣɽϵĳ۷׷ס
Сɽλãʮ߻ЩѪİ׹ǾڵϣԱ߻·ɫϿʱ䲢Ȼʱ䲻ΪǾͱһ߾ߵİ׹Ǽأ˺Ƿѽ⡣
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ǻǲҪˣžͷҽͰɣһߺǺһЦ
ڣ״ӵķҽվһĳأüͷ壬֪˼ʲô顣
ǧʲôһΨһһûдľ˹ʵҶСĻһһⲻǸԲŮôǸ죿
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16 ҶС类
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17 ԩ
ҶСϾߺ󣬴һУ˽ʵʦʲôˣʲô
˵һ°ҶСйأҪҶСؾֵһУҲ֪ҶСԸҪ˵˷ɣ޻̸֮У֪ʶ˶࣬ͰæǷ˰ɣҪ֪һʡ״Ԫȫˡĵ
ͬѧеֻеɻеǲƽװĽѩȻޱȵģҶСǻǷǳ˽ģҪ˵ҶС緸£ǵһš
ҶС磿ǸÿοԶǵһǸҶС磿УЩȵʵ
ţ˵ͷ
ʦĺˣΪѧУĸ߲ǶȻµġУظ
ҪһѧУŲЩأǣҶСһÿοԶȫ꼶һҰѵڶʮ֣˶Ϊܱ̬ͬУҲܹעһλУȻǲµģϾѧУҪҶС硣
֣ѶңҶСһϣȻĴܣ˵ʵڻô󻹴û֣Ҳ֪ʲôӦúúÿ
ᾯ콫ҶС簲ѶҺ󣬾˳ȥš
ƹаСʱʱ䣬ڣѶſڴһĽŲһŮӵ̫ˣڲŹһʱҪôʱأҪҹ˿ʧٵİͬƨһ¶Ҫҹܣǲﵱɻˡ
˻δȴ˽УͿóǸҪԼһŮӣһԸŮӣЩϤĪĳһɲĸо
顣һѶҵźƱײ˿һλŮ˽ǲͷŭ
ôǸԲŮôôһ죿ҶСЩˣ䵽Ͻͷ·ϳ
һȥͰĹһӺƤϣһֱ֧תͣû˵ųĬܸЩѹ뷨
ƨһ£滹Ҫϸǵģʲôʱ򾯲ҲͷˣСҲ֪˭޷޲ƽҺ˹ңƾʲôҪЩ쵰ߣңҾͷôš
ͷҲû̧õʶ˵Ҳһʽѣ˾ͷˣԷǸѧûҪС
ҶСûпô죬ԲŮϳ
ôˣϽش𣬲£ֲ㣬شˣϽѧУȥѵúܺĵ
ȡҶСɿһ£΢΢ЩɳƣҶС硣
ҶС磿˳漴ͻȻȻЩɳƣǺϤƣʲôʱʶһеѧ
̧ͷȥֶһλʮͷһӵӣȷЩϤ
̧ͷЩĵҲ뿴Էʲôӣ˵ʶ
Цһ£ҶСĵҵôôֻϣңǺ̧ͷ
ᰣȥһò꣬Ȼٷ硢䡢˼˰ҲͿȷЩϤǼǲ
λͬѧʶ𣿡Щʵ̬ȺྶͥϤ˿˶һ
ʶҴûм㡣ҶСЩľȻҡͷ
𣿡ҶСʶԼӣǽҶС翴ôԽҶСԽǾ졣
ôǺ΢΢һüͷ
ûаǴûмҶС統ȻϵٺٿҵĲԲŮûϳǳ⡣
֮ʱͻȻ䣬һǰλĶôôڴڲ֡˾Ļ쵰һģһģǸ쵰ӺǰλغǾһˡ
첻ˣ뵽ˣҶСͬѧڴϽԲеĻ쵰ӡ
ߣȻװʶңҪǹҼȺĲ㱻쵰ƭȥˣȻУһ㣬ôԵ͸ҵһλᣬǵЦŨ
ԲŮǵ˿ĪЦݣҶСһ֪ˣԼϳˡ


18 ᰵ
Сӣʶ𣿡վߵҶСǰϹһ˿Цʵ
˿ЦҶСһëȻ֪ԷѾϳϲûбֳװһܸ˵ӣʶ̫ˣȻʶǸϽǱϾҶ
ˣȷǵȷǺˣأΪ̫ˣҲŲԸ㣬ǺܳʱδҲͦõġҧϴЦ
㣬֪ҵĲԣʹдŹҰɣһҪȥϿأҶСɥεĵ
֪ˣڴϣ˲֣ɱöըͬʱըʱǸʱû뵽أ㵱ʱһһԲеĽңˬ죬뵽ҵĸܣڵãңûţһͷ˭֪Ժ㻹ʲô飿һѱĻȫ˵˳о˺ܶࡣ
ᰵĻʱˣͷ²òͷ͵Ǳһɣ뵽֪ᰴʱ֪е뷨󣬻᲻衣
ô׳գӡõȫҶСϣһͨ˵ˬ죬ˬ
ϵҶСֱĿɿڴĿŷᰣû뵽ϻô뺷Ůˡ
ЩεҡҡͷǲԼøˡ
ʲô˵ʲô᰿һ˫ַҶСӵķϣһű䡢ŭ޵ҪҶСϡ
ʱ֣ᰴž䣬ӿ۵ĺܵͣŵǡҶСڵһһࡣ
ɫ˿1/3ֱסǰǶԻԲ֮һûڵİԲȫ¶˳̺Сɰ̽ͷ
ѾģģͦԲǵһμʵ̫ջˣǶҶСһ˵һʱ䣬ҶС죬˫Ŀ
ڷŭеķ˿֪ԼҪλѾҶС缸ȫˡ
ˣôղŲ˵Ļڶˣ᰼ҶСе
ͻȻЩԾϸһҶСɫƳ˴ҩǰ㣬˳ҶСĿ⿴ȥ
᰾һϽ˺üһͨǷŭĿҶС磬ҶС磬å쵰
꣬Ͻ˳ȥ
һͦصˣٺ١ҶСɫָ
ʱѾʮһӣһУУİ칫ڣһװ׳УһƤϣŵ绰ʲô
ʲô˵Ҳûа취һУЩԾʵ
ѧУǸҶСͬѧ˲õˣεһҪִУܹϢ̬ȺǿӲ绰һ
Ŷлˣ鷳ˡ
ôͬѧˣ˵ллǾ۾ۡ
ãʱһУһЦ
һЩ£ˣݰݡ
ݰݡУеĵ绰Щͷʹ̫Ѩ̾һ鷳ˡ
ӵʱ칫ҵһ

һɫʽŮװĶ˽һĵ֮ɫУôˣҶСܷܲų
ЩðˣҶСǵʲôˣרҪУЩεĵ
ҶСˣôܰһ
ȷˡ
һУŽѧ¥̨ϣһPOLOɫTվ̨ϣ棬ǳһ˿Ц
ҿʲôҶĿԶ
ͬʱҶС类ץһӾʹһУ۷׷ס
У칫ҳ󣬶кܳأҲѵûܾ˼˺óʱ䣬ԥһᣬҧҧеСóһɫǻʱвߣһ绰
߶İ࣬Ľѩڿεʱ䣬ûмҶС֪϶ǳʲôˣոͣͬѧ˵ûǮûƵ˷£˾Ǳⲻһٶģļ֮£ͷóһСʱеֻһ绰
װҶСþץͬһ绰취


19 ˾
У־ֳİ칫ңԼʮľֳҹһƵĿƤϣ̾һ΢΢˼һᣬ칫ϵĵ绰һ롣
ιǷӳ𣿡
ǣֳʲô£绰һŮӵŮӳ˶ӳûбˡ
ҶСͬѧ˰ɣûзʲô¡ҹĵ
ʲôֳ˵ҪϸôҪˣ᰾һûأôô׾ٵľأ
˵ͷˣûԭְǷϷˣҪ˵ڶ顣
žҹ̾һٴһѹˣҶСˣӣ˵Ҳ˵СǾû׼£˽ҪϳҶС磬ҪѧȻв̣Ҫӡ
ǣץҶС󣬻ûйСʱʡ˵绰ҪҶС磬绰ĿɲһSʡʡίǣͷŴûƬ̾Ȼһλ˵绰ͬҪҶС磬ˣжڴžȻ۸δĶһеѧһ˹ǿҷ߿
쵼ѹѹ޷ֻֿ÷ˡ
쵰쵰ȻҪô˵ķŵСӡڰ칫ҵķһʵĴѶȥ
ѶڱĿҶС磬ͻȻ˫˶˫ĿһƬѤĹ⻪ҫӺһŲ˹ͬʱ顣һ춯
űݺݵײ˿һŭ֮ɫķ˽ݺݵصҶСһ۵Թˡ
ţ˼ҿˣҶСЩŵʵ
ߣʲô˼ΪЩ˲ҶС磬ǲŹġ˵꣬ٴηŭĿҶСһۣˤŶȥ
бҶСЩɻ뵽ʲôأĸũ񣬸ͲʶʲôˣǡԺгĽѩӰҲǣûˡ
ô˵ǷųˣѧУ׼ĽѩʸǶԷôҪúлһ
ҶСֺ߳󣬾һ׼ƽСΪѾҪѧˣȻѧУʦͼλѱһƽʱѾˡ
վڹϣų棬Ⱥÿһϵı鶼ͬҲʹĵҲͬ
֪ʲôʱЩ֮أҶС
֮Ѿеȴһ֮Уֻ˼⣬ȱ֣ƶϣҪͻƵһﵽڶ㣬Ϊһ壬Ҳ˵ҲҪкȫա
üӰѾ仹Щڴ뿴񹦴ﵽڶﵽʲô硣
磬ҶСһңӭıڶͬѧĿ⣬Ƕ֪ҶС絽ǷʲôΥ飬ܾʦڵѧУץˡ
С磬û°ɣûжôɣ׳һǽһװһҶС˽ұ˹
û£ǻصλ˵ҶС΢΢һЦ
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Ͳ֪˰ɣ˵ҶСһ˴һٶˣ̫ˡװ˫Ŀð˷ܵĹâ
𣿡Ľѩһŵӵ
ǵãһһλ꼶ͬѧܵǰ۸ҶС磬ҶС类˼Ҵ֮ûУװѵһͬѧװȻ˵ҶСһ˴һٶˣأ
ٺ٣Ҿ֪㲻ţʵҲţ˰һĻֻںڵ϶˿ղʱҸҰǶƵ˹㿴װ˵óһɫǵĳֻ㿪һƵ˹ȥ
ֻƵģģԿһɫӰȣȺشУͥ˵š֮ƶħ٣ΧȺ׷׵أ仹ҽȻģϤҶС˻ǴϳҶС
ƵĽѩЩĿҶС磬ǰһˣȷе˵ڵǰͺơͺһ㡣
ǻģô䣬һңһ޶ҶС硣ҶСǺһЦ
С磬ȷ˺ܶ࣬ǵǰûôߣûô˵ԸܹƧڣ˳ˣʱˣԸҲ˺ܶ࣬ʵôô࣬òǳʲôҩ֮ĶɣװҶС
ҶСǺһЦװһȭҿˡЩĻȫ绹ˡȻ˵ģһɻС˵еЩ
ɱ˵˵Щٺ١װһЦһ롣
㻹صλȥʦѾˡĽѩ
װϽͷһȴһλѾվ̨߽ϣ֮ɢ͸˿˿ϣȻѾ٣ȻЩ´˫͸һɾ⣬Ǹ߶İʦ˾ʦ
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װε¡
װصλϣ˾յƳһۣû˵κεĻװͷ϶Щ飬Щĵ͵͵˾һֶۣԷû˼΢΢һ
ֻǣշ˾ǻԲҡ


20 Ҹ
ǳ˾ְ޹زɷԲ峣ƶԭΪ淶ĵ¶ŮӽйάᰲһУУͣԼǵճΪǽһ֮ţЩ׼пޣǣûз֮ôǽһͨĵ··ϵȴǵĽѵǴ𡢷ƲõĶϣͬѧؼɣҪŽ⿪
˾˵ͬѧǵĿⶼͶװ͵͵ЦţװֻǵͷһԲֳĬǵѡ
Է԰һռؼƻֺ꣬űµıУĿУһλװˣһë̺Ƥսɳϣеؿŵӡ
ʱһŲһԵ¥ϴ˹һԼʮ˾ʮŵ˵ԡ
黹ûнչûлͷǰʮϧİ輸ϵһ裬һʵ
ûС
ŶռҵѾͷСʱϵǷǳôܰ飿תͷЩʵ
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鷳ˣΪĶӴС󻹼û˵鷳֡
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Ŷһ˶Կһˣ˼СӲ򵥡ǹž˫Ŀһ˿⡣
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أ
æ°ؽ˼˸棬ְ˳Щĵĵ
һǸ϶æġ赭ĵһҪռҵѾͷ޸㣬İ㣬ǵļƻ˳ʵʩȥ
ѵ취ûİ취𣿡
аɣ졢ȫЧķǸСٸһ£˴˵꣬зһ˿ݵĹâ
ʲôֶζҪõռǸѾͷϵش󣬲ܳһ˿⣬ףѵóصĵ
ףְ֣˵ǵļƻ˭ʲôƻ̲ס˳綼ʳһ¡
˵ٴˣûи˵飬òʣ֪˶㲻á
֪ˣְ֣¥ȥˡ˵꣬վ¥ȥ
ҪҪȥѧУӰ̾һ˫Ŀһ˿⣬Ǽᶨ˭赲ǵļƻ
ͬʱϺһصĺԺУһλͷЩ׵һӱ֯ɵϣȫɢһֻо˲ŻеѪ֮ǰһڰӵΧ壬һЦ˼С˼һ˾ȻܶԿһٶˣѹСѩģҪصעһ£ϸĻҲһѡ񣬲ȴЩ⣬˷˼ûʲôĸũôôģ߾һ˿ɻ


21 ǲ
Ŀθ꣬˾߳˽ҺװߵҶСǰһҶСļС磬ȥϴּ䡣
ҶСȫĿαװ˱¥߾ͷϴּȥ
ôϴּڼˣϲ⣬ָһӺ⡣
ҶСս꣬ͿԶװԶӦˮͷ֣ǿðɾβպѾúܵ˵̡
ôˣҿɲǵĶ̡ҶС΢΢ü
ǺǣͲˡ̡ܲȾơСأܵʱҪܡ巢ĺǳװ˵ǳ̵ĺһһ㣬ƦûнͳԺ󻹵ˣ
ͣͣͣʲôºҲѧӡˡҶСװĻӡͬѧǶ˾յĳƺ
Ǻǣⲻ亦ҪҪһװʵ֣һнӡ
˰ɣһǲҪˡҶСҡҡͷ
治ˣȺҲ֪˭˵һ䡣
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ЦʲôأЦôġʱĸߴ󣬵ȴһƤһߵʽ־ǿ
ǿ磬һһλͬѧڵĸλݹȥһɽȻ־ǿϡ
Ǹ˵治ˣ̶顣ͬѧſһ¾һᵭƣǲмƳҶСһ۵
Ŷ־ǿЩĿȥҶСʱְѽ⿪ϣǷһ˿޵Ц⣬ҶС˹ȥ
ҶСߵװʱ΢΢һ㶣ǺܿıƽҶС˹ȥ
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һЩ˺־ǿĲԣ׷˿ֻʣһЩͺ־ǿϵرáװϵá߿ֵˡ
־ǿҳ̲òƺûжϵɣҶС粻صһĵȻ
ҶСĻ־ǿһ㶣һʲôʱôеˣǵǰҶСԸ˵һ䣬ǾƲᶥײģƳԴҩһ㣬ȫˣûǰСԭС壬ڿʵ˺ܶࡢѵװԭ
Ǻǣ˭˵ûйϵأǵŮѵǰѺǵҶСͬѧɣǺʶһʱˣҸ˵ȻǸŮ㲻֪ŮľˬĻǲˣһһŮӣȻϣǿϧˣǲǸⲻУ־ǿҶС硣
ҶСһ˶Ҫһ㣬һģҺװʱסȴȴûһ˿ѪɫȻĴС
ǵãһһޱĺ촽ʱգͷһȣ׼ȥһޱֹ˵ɴŲʺõ廨̳ɵ̺ĵɣΪһصŮֻû뵽
ȻˣҶСûбֳʲôһǿѹеĴʹϻָƽǺǡʲôֵýģҲǶֻˡ
󣬺־ǿɫһ䣬ΪޱһЩ£ЩߣڱҶСôһ˵ͺƻϽ̡ͣ
Ŀзһ⣬ȻĿͶװװòҪҪȻص
вңװĿһɣӵеͷǰ̤һͺ־ǿ棬һɻʵɢ
ߣİɣҲ֣СԼġ˵꣬װߵҶС࣬ȷû׼֣ҶСʵκ˶ҶСһǣԺۿ˵͡
ˡ־ǿ΢΢һ򲻵ѵʱ̣ҲװװһЩϲ⡣
ûװҿôģеͻȻһϷһ˿Цݣתһͬѧ˵һ仰
Ȼ󣬰ĿͶҶСϣҶС磬֪ԼŮڱ˵Ŀ³лζܰɣʵͽܰɣ㲻һɽСҲϷˣ˰ɣ
ѵһǺǣ㶼ܳһĻʮʮڶŮÿ˶һ֮㣿̭ĶȾж壬ĴлǶ˵ļһҲϷˣοĵޱһֻ˲ɣЦҶСвֵĴ


22 ʯͷԼĽ
ҶС⻰־ǿһһ׵ģĿж˻úúãû뵽һľګҶС羹ȻҵҪܵıǷҲĻϬ
˵ֱ꣬һȭҶСźȥҶСԴһ࣬һƣ־ǿһһգҶСĶûֱ꣬һ˺־ǿƨϣֱװϴּСУһҺ壬һˤһ泯졣
һ˲ɵģ³ҶС͵˺־ǿ˶ΪǺ־ǿԼСˤģմһҺ
һе˶־ȣһ㣬ôأҪ֪־ǿǰǽйɢѵģҶСͲܣ˵ղź־ǿһȭӦôҶСϣһȭͻҲʡ
ʵϣȫ෴ҶС羹Ȼ˹ȥʵ̫ˣװ⣬ûһҶСƾԼʵʵú־ǿһϾҶСսһٶ˵ǶƵûѧУҼʹѧУҲ뵽ǾҶС硣
ǿ硭û°ɣһͬѧϽ˹ȥĵص׼־ǿ֪־ǿ顣
Լ־ǿһǰͬѧȻվ˫Ŀŭڡ
ҶС磬㾹Ȼ㣿˭ҲȲ㡣־ǿ޺޵ĵ
ʲô߼ȥ˼ң˼㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣԼСĵˣڶͷϣǡ뵽
һԺһװ΢΢ҡҡͷЩĿź־ǿްڻûŪʽ
־ǿһϵҺ壬ͻȻ¶һ˿΢ЦҶС磬һҲҪ㳢ⶫĶζ
ǰһ̤һɾ޴ѹȸҶСϮʱ־ǿΧĺܶ˶º˼ҪǷǰҶС綼һƨֱڵϣ˲ɥʧս͵ֿˣҶСȫͬˣһƵӡ
ҶСӣ־ǿǷŭˣһǹȭ¶ϣҶС°ͣͬʱһȺһӲޱȵ˹ȥ˵Ѹ٣̺˵ľ޴û⣬һ¹ͻҶСۻ°͹ͷ飬ֻûеֻʵ
ͬҶСվԭûжһȭͷ˳һ̣ץס˺־ǿ̺ǿķȡ
顣֮䷢һȻ־ǿķˣǱҶСץסˣƸղŵĹ˵ֻ
ҶСǳһ˿Ц⣬Ѻ־ǿһȻһ̧
ղŻһĺ־ǿƺ˾һ㣬ҡҡλΣٴεˣһ泯졣
һйеŭ׼ٴιҶС硣
֪ʱһֻʮǮ˶ЬĽźݺݵ̤ϣ
һ׼һƽϣû뵽㾹Ȼ㲻ʶôҶСӸµĵ
־ǿ˫ͨŭĺϣҪֻҶСһֻźһɽһ㣬صĲϣͲ
ʱϴּУΧ˶һĿɿڴӣһһֻһӦҶСں־ǿĽµģһкĽȫ෴һ̼䣬ȫҶСʵ
ҶС磬ſǿ硣ʱһͬѧӦ˹һŭģҶС˹ͼҶС硣
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ҶСſңҪȻҪڵϵĺ־ǿһڵذϣһ뱻ҶСݺݵĲ档
ô뱨𲻳ɣҶС־ǿֱӷɱһĲҽ
֪кܲһġ˵꣬ҶСٴκݺݵ˼ţȻװϷˣ
ʵ̫ʡװ˫ðĪĹâ
ѾϿˣǸϽ߰ɣҶС
һ¡װ˵ȻߵλֻͬѧǰٺһЦֻݺݵĵλͬѧһۡ
תͷҶСС磬߰ɣڿҲˡ
ҶСЩεĿһװ˵ͷ֪װҪʲô
ҶС߽ңһЩͬѧ۹⿴
ֱλϣĽѩŵĵص˵ͺ־ǿϴּ䷢ìܣû°ɣ
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ҲǣڵʵҲû˸۸ˡĽѩͷϹҳһ˿Ц⡣
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23 У԰

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ѧУ̴ڰ칫ңβԶĺС裬𱬵ϷʢʱĻźɨǧһκңԷֵѾʣǧˣۿʮĹѫҪˣǵҵļһֶ˶Է˿󣬺üκҴ˹ֱӰΧ
Ǹ۵Ķʱ򣬹񺿵ģһʶûУߣҪ֪ǺˣһƤԶŭĴ
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ղô£Ľѩһָ˴ҶСĸ첲ʵղǵһЩ䡣
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ĽѩСЩ΢΢ףҶС΢΢һЦοҪǹλͬѧ㡣
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˽ӽŮǴɱҡɱҡ
غڷסӸͿʱʲô飬Ҳ֪ӡ
ܣΥѧУļɻܣЩϷŻ˭أֶμֱ̫ͼˣҿܵԶЦһµΪŮרŻͼܡ
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ҪҪץҰŮͬѧͻȻŵͷ̧غڷ档
һ紵𣬴ɢڵ˿
ԶֵĽһϽſץסŮͬѧ֣ŵһƨ˵ϡ


24 ¼
ԶֵĵϽӵһߵ˿
ŮͬѧƺЩɻ󣬴˴Ȼʲôһĺһȫ©˳˶һ
һʲôأӺƱŤһѪȫϣѪޱȣֻͬӶѪġ
ʱѧУһЩ쵼У˹
һصУ߼Уǹȥһ㣬סҪ
⡭λУɫѿЩԥһλʧǿֲŮͬѧжЩӣǳһڷģǾᡣ
У˰ɣȥ֪ʲô£ǻǵȾԺ˵ɣУһλ쵼˵
Ҳãǿסܣ120𣿡
ˡ
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Žѧ¥кܶͬѧ׷߳˽ңѧ¥֮Ǹ԰ȥ
ЩһЩѧ¥ͬѧҲ˳Χһš
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ʱе˶оͷƤһ飬˵䣬кöͬѧֱӴ
ʵ̫˼ˣֻпֲӰвŻеĳȻͳǰÿ˵ﶼֻʲһĻԼͷϡ
ʱһ󾯳Զ˶Լͬһ
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󣬷̾һ֪
󣬱¸ղ˵Ļתһ㡣
飿ŷǧһӱʲôҲֻܻᾯֺһļ顣
ӳ˵òʲôطȾʲô綾С˵ԼĹ۵㡣
綾ҲЩŷǧ
ȵȣУղ˵ʲôطҲԣһڱĵطܵ˾ţȻܵᰵ˼
ߵһŮͬѧǰûеȷʻŮͬѧ㷢졭㣬ҸɵģңͬѧǶΪ֤ġ
һЦΪͰŮ࣬΢΢һЦģ֪ɵģֻһ£ûǵǴﴫģ
Ǵ¥߲ٳұߵСִġŮûлشһĺ֮ɫ⻰һͬѧ˵ġ
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ԲŮҶСͻȻ俴᰺ֹ
ʲôԲŮĽѩЩʵ
ûûʲôǺǡҶСһЦ


25 ̬
һŮѧ̼仯һ̲Ѫˮֻʣһ׹Ǽܡ
һŽѧ¥ٳұߵСзһ߰׹ǣ߰׹Ǻ͵³ֵİ׹һЩͬΪ𰸼ԺϲΪһΪͬһ
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ڴͬʱҲһһ㣬һһƲ׳ĺֹ˳
һҪưȡ֮ԷһǬ
ưδĻܵΣ
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ֳһľһأֳݹһϡ
ֳ꣬΢΢üͷ𰸼򵥰Ͳͨİͬ־£ϣܹһǡ
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ֳ
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ҡҡֳһЩʱգһġ
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ˣȥɣ׼ϣԺ󣬰Щǿһ£űȥһǡ̵ֳ
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һеͬѧ£ÿ˵жֻŲУ԰߶ʱȺĽӶУΨʲô⣬ţֱӲѧУˡ
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ҶС绹ſΣʱʱڼűʼǣĽѩЩˣ˼ѧϰ͵͵ظҶСһۡ
ҶСƲһ㣬תͷЩɻʵôˣ
㻹˼飿Ľѩʵ
ôû˼ҶСЩɻʵ
ǸľͷĽѩһģ
ҶСƣôˣҪ۸ҡ
ҶСЩίı飬ĽѩģʵѵѧУûκεĸо
аҾ̫ˡҶС
һͷĽѩҶСһ

㣬㲻𣿡Ľѩеŭʵ
ʲôʲôúµģҺҲûʲôã˵ãô㻹²ɣҶС罣üһʵ
ÿ˶ܺ£˵ļһ
ŶҶСЩ⣬һܷÿ˵϶ɢһɵŨɫ֮Ǵ־ɫ֮еľ㣬ֻȻܿüȴղˣΪ绹ûдﵽѾˣǰֻܿüԼ仯ɢ֮
ҶСתͷĽѩ΢΢һЦûµģµĻҲԸߣֻҪ㲻ƨ档
ꡭĽѩһЦ˳еĿ־嵭˺ܶࡣ
˵ģŶĽѩҶС
ᣬϽúΡҶС


26 Ѫɫ
Уɽ˺һȥѹѹģֻܿںԴȻЩرɫġ
ᰴɾڳ˿ͳڴЩͷĵȴţڴ˵Ҳܶ࣬ҲҿǶһû˸ҼҪȻҲЩһȺС
ӳ𼱣ٵȵȣˣɻˣӦÿˡһλĹɾȰǷµĵɽ
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ȻڻûͷǰǼġص
ڷ᰻׼˵ʲôʱһΪ˹Ƿᰣ
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գȴɢһ˸еһ䣬Ƶ˺¡
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᰾ܶںѩ˪˵̬ΪĲˬǰλ̬ȺͰһϵЦ
ǿһ˿΢ЦҲͬһֺֻһյãлЭǡ
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ҶСѾʰ˶ĵĵȴĽѩûйӣе˶ˣͬװҲˣװʱҶСһ
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ǺǣûǺҶС΢΢һЦ
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ͷҶСһȣֱӰԼĻУǣվЩˡ
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ʱһҶСĻмһ¥ݵһЩͬѧʱܵĸˡ
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ĽѩǼһҶСץĸˡ
ҶСͷһȴÿĽѩζĿЦ
˰ǲע㳡ϡ˹ЦΪĽѩղǵɬĽ
ѩǸϽؼҰɣշ΢΢һЦ
ĽѩĽѩˣ¡ҶСĽѩĵ
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27 
Ĵϣ˼޼ĳ⣬ûһӰһжһаģȻֶģʲôᷢģ֮ǰѾϵڼˡ
ĽѩҶСһΪȫ⣬Ҳֹͣؿ͡
ϻ·˳Ͻһǧ׵ľܵƽС
տĴֻһţƽʱڶ̯λʧӰ٣ǽֵߵ·ʱ䳤˰ɣ߼ΪવĽŲصڿտžĴ֡
ҶСչԼľΧһж֮У˹Ǹоһ޵Ŀںڰע
ϸ鿴֮ȴûзκζʹ񹦵Ҳסķëһĵ
ͻȻ䣬ľǰһ˿Ŀȴǰһ֮վһӰòһŮӡ
ʱôһŮӳڴأҶСǸŮɣ
Ȼģ׳ŵǰһһȥ
ߵǸӰʮ׵ʱڿӰӣǹΪϤһˣصĶӳᰡ
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ߣҪİ˲źأ첻£ҹ¹ţ϶ʲô¡ᰶҶС
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㣬㽲һòãҿƷѧŵѧʲôˡҶСεĵ
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ѩ˪⼸𰸼ˡѩ˪ҶСһۣղ˵ʲô
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㡭治ҪŸռ˼Ҿͽ㳤̵ĽУƤ񡣡᰺ǲصղʵʱҶСǰֶ˵һЩҪ󣬵ھȻǸǸɫѵļһз޷޵뵽
ѩ˪㣬ҷѧʱͻȻҸǰĴϿһ˫Ѫɫӣʱһʧˡ
Ѫɫӣ󣬺ѩ˪üͷ΢΢һ塣
ҶС磬˵ѿɲһʵĺӣĻѻɣûмǴĻǸ߶İѧ߶İĽҾ㣬λòڿ¥ǱߣǱų̂ôܻʲôѪɫӣᰳ
㲻žˣûţ֮˵ʵǸˣҸղ˹󣬸оںڰжңڻڶǿĳڰĽ䡣ҶС絭ĵܡ
󣬷᰾һȻЩװ򾲵ӣҶСǿҶСûɣ˵˵Ż˭أ


28 ɲĺѩ˪
˵Ĳȷʲôںڰעǡʱһĺѩ˪ɫЩصĵĻӵΧ
鳤ҲˣһΪҵĴأһλ˴Ӻڰ˳ɡ
ôˣѩ˪һʵ
ԷѾˣղҾһ޵Ŀ⿴ңΪǴôһ˵ʲôںڰпǣһ㡣ɿЦһµ
ô˵ᰲҶСĻҲԾɫĶڣɫЩصĿ˿ܡ
һӣ˶ĬĿΧҶС˫ۣǿľ״һ㣬ɨΧľʲôҲûз֡
ʱͻȻһ⣬˵յһ㶼дһ˿ǴʱȴоƵ϶һ㡣
˫Ŀһзˣȴѩ˪ĿˣޱȣƬƬӨѩ裬ѩеľ顣
ģģøӰԶԶûƽʱ򵥣ô£ѵ˲ɣһɻ󣬶һˣŹҵӦ֪һЩͨ޷ӴĶοҶС뵽
ѩ˪ǺŮһ㣬Χѩ׷ɣӨ͸ĿɿڴŴͣ˼ˣʹ֪ͨУ˭ֳ涼ᱻס
ôˣ鳤㷢ˣʵ
ţֻ֪λãܾȷѩ˪ǳ֮ɫ
ô죿ķᰰĿͶ˺ѩ˪
΢΢˼һᣬѩ˪˿ҶСͷᰣȻĿͶɣȥ
˵꣬һƬѩ飬ǻʵٶȼ졣
գۼ䣬ʧ˼ǰ˺ڰС
ֻһȣǧ
ȻʮɵȻܸܵһ
ѩ˪ƬغͻȻһ㣬ܹؿƬСȫˣͻȻ䣬飬һĨֱϷȥ
ߣֻѩ˪һȣһ׹׷ȥ
ϽȻȥȥ˵һֱƳȥһɶԶμתۼʧС
˵ٶȣҶСһ󼤶ԵһܷŹλᣬúúÿ
һۣɵվһԵķᰣǹҳһ˿΢ЦһƮ˳ȥ׷˹ȥ
Ƭ̺󣬷ᰲų״Ӻѩ˪ֻеӰϲŻֵĹлʱǡÿҶСģıӰ
쵰ôҲ׷ȥˣһ䣬Уҵȥ
˵꣬Ҳ׷ȥտĽֵϷٵܲ
ǰɵӰģҶСн֣֪᲻ݴĦһ˵ĶҪʱŻ˽֮¡
ô죿ǰ취ܿͻᱻ˦ģҶСҪȻǲܵģ˵ĺĶǺصģһӰģò׷ȥ
ͻȻ䣬Ժгһвɫ壬Ӱ˲䣬ĸͻȻը˿γһͼһ߳ľ֮С
ʱоΪ֮ǸͼкߵλתɲǼ䣬оΧܵĽＱٺˣǰɵӰҲ˺ܶ࣬ʱٶʮź֮佥Сľ룬һϲá
ֻǻûи˶ãɫÿɬԭڵ̫֮ˣͲԣ֧Ŷ೤ʱ䣬ڰ֮ȫˣٶȶʱ
찡̫۸ˣϣ˾ҶСͣ˽ŲҲû׷֪׷Ҳ׷ˣﲻЩʧ䡣
ôˣʧ֮ʱһ
ҶС̧ͷȥȴ׷ϵɣɻĿԼ
ԭǰʱͻȻֺ׷ϣ㷵˻ΪǸпǵĶȴ־ȻҶС硣
Ҳ뿴еĵʲôҶСǺһЦĳ졣
ȥЩĿһҶС磬һµӣ˼һðɣȥ˲Ҫܡ
ҶС˵ͷ
ã߰ɣ˵꣬ץҶС󣬼ٵǰȥ


29 
ף˵СֵܣôһҲȣҶС缱ǰʵ˵ͨ˳νӴЩһ𾪵˵ǴʱҶСһƽģͲһδѧһĥˡ
ô᲻أˮƽͺղһĻʵС׼ףھװһЩװˡҶСһһ۵
Ҳǣҿû鳤ǸʵЩݵĵ
磬˵ô໰һ֪أܸܲңҶСЩ˼ĵ˼Ҵôľ룬Ȼ֪Է֣̫öԷˡ
ɣԺԽ磬Ͳýˣ֪ҶС磬ܲ֡һЦԸܺƣƽ׽ˣദ˻϶ǣۿǻͬһƽ˵أ
磬һǲʲô书ؼ
书ؼɣܸӣԶԶûбϿô򵥡һЦ
縴ӣôˣܲϸ˵˵ҶСڴĵ
΢΢˼һᣬȻһЦЩ鲻Щͨ˿֪ģȻ㿴鳤ʩչѾ֪һЩҸҲ޷òҪ˵ҪǴȥˣ᳹ʧϡһ䣬ɵܳء
һ߱˵ġ
ҶС˼ᶨ̾һϸ˵ԷΪ磬һƽʱͨ磬һ硣
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ЩˣгΪ츳ߣһֻ֪ȥʹǣֻҪǷˣһ϶ȻķѵǳΪҷ񡣡
ѩ˪㣿ҶС
û뵽㻹ͦģһ۾Ϳˣ鳤ȷ츳ߣ츳ΪڱƿأˣһߣҲǿԭ򡣡
ѵС˵еЩ书ؼԺܱɾ֣ҶСʳеɻ
֣Ǻǣ书ؼģɾ֣仰ȫҪΪ֣Ҫкõ书伮п˵츳ԣûһ֣ʹ书伮ҲһΪҪɸ־򵥣˵һѣ绹ˡ
һ˶𣿡
Ҳ˵˵ǲʵҲ٣Ȼͨࡣ
磬ڵˮƽǲǸ֣
֣һԶأҲǺضѣҲ֪ʲôʱͻƵ죬Ϊ֡һ˵
죿죿ѵ⻹˵ȼɣҶСɻ
ǹ߷Ϊءءʥأд˵е֮츳ߵΪѾżƿؾżż֮ˣ֮ѾΪңԶĴ˵˵˭̤֮Ϳľ£ﳼˡ
úһеġҶС簲ο
ɶҴûֻҪܽʥͿˡ
ʥѵʥ𣿡
ѣǺѶǼѣҪ֪ʮ˿ڵĴҲѣ˵ѲѣҴﵽʥÿ˶лص
ŶɵһҶСѪȣгڴ
磬Ȼǹôʿڶܳưˣô˵͵أͻȻ䣬ҶС뵽⡣
ư磿ֱΣΪǹˣĹҾûˣɷһ۵
ҲУҶСһ
ǵȻˣٶ˵ˣѾ˵ĹˣҪͶԵһҲ˵ġ
ϧˣҶС뵽תһ룬֪Ѿˣοڵˮƽʵ̫ˣʥһﵽģ뵽
鳤Ѿʼսˣǵÿһ㡣ͻȻ漴ٶ˼֡


30 
³һƬݷï֮أһһӰӣݺύȵܡ
Ȼʱ֣ǣΪģЩ̵ķݴʱȻݻһƬȫʧˣЩݻƵҶƬϻһ˪Ƭ֮䣬ת䣬һӾ͵＾ڡ
ѩ˪ѩ裬ΣÿһƬɢ֮˿ɣЩӨѩԺĸ˵ĺ
Ľ̤ޱȵĲ˺Ů·ƻãһֲʵĸо
ѩ˪һӰȫһѪÿһԵޱȣǿ֮ڱ𶯣ʱҪһ㡣
ʱǡôҶС˹
Сֵܣţܣȥæ˵
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һģǺǡ˵꣬ϵ˱仯һǿɢ˺һ֧֮ͺѩ˪սǸѪɫӰ
˫ƻӶӰ죬ӴŷӰ֮䱬졣
ԶҶС綼ظܵѹǾ޴ѹæʮңŸо˺ܶࡣ
սϣǵѪŵӰѹƵĲͣĺˣϵطΪ̶Ȼ˻ĳаĲʡ־塣
Ժѩ˪һ˵ʵԴǵӰȻʱ䳤һ㣬ɵļ룬˻ںܶʱץסѪɫӰ
ʲôʱôǿѩ˪ӰϬĹ
һҪ취֮ҪȻȻʲôʱֳأҶСа¾ġ
䡣
һ죬ѪɫӰѩ˪˺󱳣Ӱݺݵ˵ϣʱȥγһӰͼΡ
鳤ɺǺһЦȥץסǺ
˵꣬ɱǸδȥ׼ץסúһǲ𶯵֡
СġɸߵδӸʱĺѩ˪һͬʱһץסٺˡ
ȴһѪ⣬Ǹδ˳˸ղվλãǸλúƱʴԼߵĶʴһ㣬ɲǼγһС
˺һģƻ
顣
Ǹδը˿ѪɫĹâһöϼһסǵӰ
ǶҪһͳĶɳƵɱ⣬ŨŨĺ⡣
ѪǵӰɢһ㣬˻
ѩ˪໥һۣ˲һһ֣ϷȦȦסϬĹ
ǰһһƴͬİ˹ѪɫӰ·Ҳ֪һƵ֮Ͻˡ
ʱѩ˪Ӱ֪ʱһѱƾճУֱӴ̴ѪɫӰࡣ
顣
ǵӰ˵ϣûκϢ
ڸ㶨ˣ˷˵֣֡Ϸһ˿Цݵ
ѩ˪ü΢˵ͷ
ѾսҶС˹˿ǸӰʬ壬һ˾ȻһеУһһеѧôأ뵽
ģѩ˪ĿͶɡ
ҾǱȽͶԵʹǺǡ鳤֡ɺǺһЦҶСıЩ֣ʵôСֵʶˣ
һеѧЩ죬ǲ֪ĸģҶСЩ˼õ
һеѧѩ˪һ

˵鲻ô򵥵ġѩ˪Щصĵ
ҲǣһѧôΪһޱȵɱأ
ʱһĦгԶ˹˶ЩôôĽҰء
Ħгʻʱ˲ſ˵ӣǹֵĴӳᰡ
ףôҲˣҶС羪ʵ
㶼ôܲأοһ졣ᰵҶСһۡ
ԭ׷ҶСʱ׷ϣһɵſ˳һľĦгܳһ·׷˹
λ٣׷ϵǵӰ᰿ű̴Ǿʬʵ
Ǻǣǵģҹ鲻ô򵥵ġ⻰˵ģѩ˪ѹûᰡ
ףôûѪҺͻȻе
˿ȥȻʬ岢ûһѪҺ
ʱǶоһ󲻰


31 ҶС类
ͻȻ䣬ǾʬƷһ㣬Ȼ֮ʧȥˮֺͰ͵ģͬǴǧĹڳĸʬһ㡣
һӾˣôһö˶˵ʬôͻͻȻʵ̫˼ˡ
Сġѩ˪ͬʱһͬʱѩ˪˳һǰķᰣٵȥ
ҶС磬˵ľкҲٵĺˣһֻһʵѪɫӰǾ߸ɱʬƮһѪɫâһӾʹҶСüĽ뵽С
ҶСһӴסһ
˶˸ղһĻЩĵĵСֵܣСֵܣôˣ
˵ž׼ǰȥ
Ҫȥһˡѩ˪ֵסɵȥ·ɫصĵ
ˣһɻĿѩ˪
ղҲһ˰ɣҾǲ֪һ壬֣˵ѧֻ塣
ô˵СֵǺΣգüĿǳ顣
ȻҶСദ˲Сʱʱ䣬ҶСȴ˺Ҫ֮һ㣬ԴǵĻź
ҹƣǵռ˼룬Ҫ塣ѩ˪ĵһƬ䣬·ûκвһ㣬һبŲĺ
ߣã˭ûûεĵȴǵ֮ɫ
˱һĬŶԲߡ
ѵûʲô취ֹռ𣿡ʵ
Уǣ˵ǲܵģֻҪ־ᶨ㹻ǿ󣬾Ͳᱻռˡѩ˪ɡ
̾һΪ֪ҶСһͨ˸ûʲôǿľοһѧ־жᶨأ
ҪȫסԷڵѣΣˡ
ܲܵһȣЩԥĵ
ѩ˪Ŀһۣû˵κλ
ʱҶСͻȻת˹ѪɫĹâ˫Ŀбų˫ӿΪˣаŸָ滹С
⣬˼æ岽ҡ
Ѿȫռˡѩ˪΢΢̾һѵôһ˿
Ƕְɣ˵
ֻ֮õͷΪ˵İȫֻҶСסȥרŵԱ
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ЩĿᰡ
ǿ۾Ϸһ˿ϲɫָҶС
תͷȥȴҶС˫еѪȫʧȡ֮ã
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ǵһ°ɣȲȿȥͿ컯ˡ
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ûУֻܿԼ
쵰һҪͦȥңһûкúýѵأ뵽
ʱҶСضЩʹŤţһ֪ںҵĶ
ʱΪŵʱ̣ʱÿһ֣˵бһֵģһϣϲá
ȴ˵һҶСʱҶСоһƬޱ޾Ѫûһ㣬ǵƻһǿͼͥռ˼룬塣
ǣҶС־ǿ֪һǹǿԼͥеļ䶼ᱻԷɣҶС˻᳹׵ʧϡ
ҲܣҲʧҶСĬͥеľԶǽ赲ǵǿ
·֪ʱڸͽ벻ˣǸı˲ԣһϺƴبŴԺС
Ҫ𣿡
Ҫص𣿡
Ҫչ־µķ𣿡
ҪΪƸΪƿһ𣿡
Һ϶ΪһܵõҪһСһС
ȻϲϵҶСУһЩɡ¡ﳼĻԺС
ҵҾܵõҪһСҵҾܵõҪһСҶС粻ϵظ仰


32 ɻ
ԣҲܾʹ˳٣ҲʧǿУǿվҵģҵԲܴ򿪣һ򿪣ҾͲҶСˣһں̵ܶʱڳܸҵҪʧҪ֮ʣеͻȻǰδеļᶨ
ҵ壬ջҵġ֮ͥҶСǰľ𣬻磬ƾǵͻƲҶСķ
ߣСϣΪͻƲҪ˺壬ǿпˣȻ㲻֪ôͱҲˡһǿ˹
ͬʱһɼΪǿġŸݺݵײҶС羫γɵķ
ת˲䣬ͱƣʣԷͿԽͥˡ
ô죿ô죿ˣҶС罹
ҿʲôֵһſЦ˹ҶСиǽ
ԷǹǿһɺһһӾʹݿҶСʣǼ
һѪɫâֱͥлһߵõӰһЦݡ
ףû뵽ϵľߣڻϿľȫ׸ҡǵѪɫӰվͥУŻһ̬ġҶС硱ͬ߸ϵһ㣬¡ƿһеǿưԵ
ѵҾû˰취𣿡ҶСһУҲܾʹ˷һа취ģһеġ
ϣ㻹𣿡ǵѪɫӰЦ
ҶСϸŸְ취ͼɹǰΣ
ͻȻԺгԵޱȵĴ֣ɻꡣɲǼ䣬ը˿һ徭ͼǸͼһмߡ
ѵ֮Ϳ𣿿ͼҶС뵽
ˣԲУ˵񹦻ûеӡ
漴һҶС簴Ƿͼеĺ֮֮ʱһ˿΢֮Ҳһвγû˿ĸŶԷ
ʱ֮ͥУЩºޱȵľͻȻ֮ðԵޱȣų߲֮ɫЩ߲̼֮ƯͥǵѪɫӰɢ֮ɫ߲֮ɫ;
ô£ô£ѪɫӰͻȻ侪оԼܶˣ̺һɼΪԵš
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ͬʱҶСת֮ʱ˫ͻȻ߲֮ɫĿܴ͸˵飬Щ͸Ĳɣ
ôӣᰲûҶСʱ߲֮סˡ
ѩ˪ҡҡͷҲ֪ΪΣǶǵãҶСڵѪɫģҶСô߲֮ɫ
ѵǣ໥ӵһۣ˵ͷ
ҶСڣѪɫӰϵźţ֮֮Щֳ֮ʵ֮ɫǰɫʣҲͱʾʱѾСȫˣʱһγȻ漣ĽںϣȻЩ
ҶСһ˷ܣںϾͱʾķҲͱʾ񹦵ĻѾҪˡ
ǼӿˡɻꡱתȵԴԴϡ
ңңҴ뿪ҡӰĺţҶС˿ûᣬѾĿС
㾹Ȼͼȫɣ㲻ңҲùġѪɫӰһͻȻ֮䣬ӰȻѰ߲֮ſһ˿϶ͬʱȻΣյը˿ֱֲ߲֮Ǳ
һΪѪɫâͥгˣȷʵˣҲ˲ʲôֻ뿪߿ֲ塣
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ۡӰըѵʱҶСһѪ
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ܣѩ˪һߣ˫Ŀбųһ˿⣬һ黨ĶһƬӨѩ˫ָ֮䣬һһӴǵϡ
ǵҽһ㳹ʧˡ
ʱҶС˹ɫЩ԰ףղţǵѪɫѪӰըʱܵ˲ˣһΣջʵ̫ˣȫһΪһ壬ʱڻǵӰըǲĴһ޷ĲƸ
ҶСĸܣǵӰ̺Ϊֲȫӳˣƺѩ˪ټϺǹ൱ʮˣҲǸӰĶ֣ӰƱʲôѹһ㣬ܷӳҪȻ


33 󣬻
Сֵܣû°ɣҶС˫лָһϲʵ
ûˣǸһﻹǺǣҺóˡҶСǺһЦ
ףǸһأ
Ѿ鳤ˡ
˾ͺãʡٳˡҶС糤һǻЩټһ壬ĻʵͿԸٵˡ
Ҫ֪ʱ뷨һͷ
˵̫ˣ黹û꣬ڻûи嵽Ǵģô֣лж塣ѩ˪ĵ
󣬼һ룬ҶС⣬˵ı鶼Щأѩ˪˵л壬ǲ֪ҪжҪɥ
ҿڲû¡ͻȻ䣬ѩ˪ߵҶСǰץסҶС
ֻвһߵľ룬ҶСԵŵһɵζӺѩ˪ɢζ嵭ţҶС
ʱҲоһɱд壬ڲ̽ʲôһ㡣
Ī֪ؼɣҶСһ˲ᣬһҸղŵֿǸһռʱֳʲôҪܲ̽ĵŹأҪ֪ͬڱϾͲͬѩ˪β̽ǲܲ鿴õ
ûо쵽ҶСкβףǵַ˻ȥ
ûʲô⣬ʱѾˣλذɣѩ˪ĵȻתͷŷ˵ϻһ𰸵ġ
ҶС˵ͷ᰸ջ˵ʲôѩ˪ǵĮһеֻõ˵ͷ
ʵҲҶСͷͨܵʲôΣ
ЩʵĿ˺ѩ˪һۣ˳Ħг
ĦгҶСϽ˹ȥԡ㣬һô
ʱĦгѾʱпĦгߵعͷҶС磬һ˿ĵ⣬ߣ컹
Ҹֲ죬ΪʲôҪһ̣
㣬⻰ͼˣղǻһأôڶˣҶСЦ
ߣ˭һˣʹɣ֮Ҿǲ㡣᰺ǾȻĵ

ſһأҶСΣװһӵ
·ǿҶСӺˣҲһ£ҪһҲԣԺңҪҽ㣬ʲôҪȥ㲻ƴǣôЩĻûãĻҾ㡣
ҶСϽ֤
ߣ᰺ǲĿһҶС硣
лл㡣ҶСһЦȻĦг
ʶ࣬һЩ˵꣬Ħгһ¾ˡ
뿪ɰĿͶ˺ѩ˪鳤ղſз֣
ѩ˪ҡҡͷûзһ˿ͨҲ쳣
츳أ
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Ҳ˵ֻһͨˣЩʧһΪСֵһ츳أ׼ǵ֯鳤ǸղҶСе߲֮ʲô
֪Ȼͨһͨ˵ڵôôʢѩ˪ü΢
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ܰɣѩ˪ǱĿԶ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
쵰ſĹצĦгķŭȵ
Ҳſǣ·͹ƽģĦгĲͣҪҷҾͻȥ㣬ʹдҰɣҶСεĵ
Ħг250ķٶȺܸߣֻĽҰ⣬ûк·ÿһ·Ǹģ͹ƽҶСȥܵķӦͻס˷ᰵ
һŮΪеĵطһ÷ˣ쵰ȻҳĶ
ҶСĽͺ󣬷ϵŭ˺ܶ࣬ԾûиҶСõɫҲԣҶҪҶĻҾͻȥ
ҶСϽͷ
һŮɢ㣬Ҫж⡣
û뵽ԲŮôãҶС緢ַᰵûһ˿׸⣬һ̾
СʱʱĦгͣ˾ƽСһһſڡ
ˣôҰ͵ſڣ΢΢תͷ
ǺǣȻҡҶСһЦ
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34 
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35 
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˵꣬ȣһȥԥеСܣһƣҲĦȭƳȥ
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36 ޱĻ
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37 Ұ۲ͻ
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38 Ľѩ
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39 ͸㣡
ȥȫɢϢӢŮİҪзȣҪʣһз֮һһһеؼУݡ
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㣬ôĽѩЩõĵ
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ңҸʲôĽѩǲˡ
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40 鷳
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𣿡־ǿϷ֮ɫֻһܻ׼˻һҶС磬̴ֻˣҶСĿ룬˵ͷ
־ǿһ㶣漴ָ˹˹ȥԡţҶСֻһΣ
ᣬһĻᣬ־ǿа뵽
ҶСӹһƽһЩŵģϾһδ˵ţǼٵġ
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£־ǿЩŵԼ˫ۣǵģûпҶСȷѧ
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2Χޱһ𾪣ǵСǲģô
ҶСĶװ໥һۣ˵ͷСӵ츳̫ˣһ飬ͻˣҪ֪ҶСĵϸҲΪҶСǰ


45 ȡ
ҶСɹʹͶ˽ȥ־ǿһֱ࣬ҧΪҶСƭָͲֻһαҪ֪ǿһܵʱѧġ
ҶС磬㲻ǲ𣿡־ǿ޺޵ĶҶС
ҵȷᣬ⻹ǸղŸѧģôʧˣҶС絭Ƴһۺ־ǿ
㡣־ǿһһƬָ̺˹ҶСãҳǸţһ¾ѧ治򵥣ôҾͽι˵ź־ǿǳһ˿Ц
Ȼһ˿ûӹҶС۾ߣҾͿ㻹ʲôֶΣ뵽˵ͷ
ȴͶ־ǿ˵꣬˵ϵ׸ҶС磬΢΢¶ף۾Ķ
־ǿô棬ҶСҲûΪղԼɹͶأϾ־ǿ⣬ˮƽ϶
ľǰδеۣȫƿΧʮ֮ڵһУֱϵļĿƴﵽһ˵ϣ
أأءҶСнĴ˶Ƭ̺ҶСź־ǿұ߳ȥ־ǿҲ΢΢ұ߶һ£зһ˿м֮ɫ
ҶСұ̤һ΢΢һתı˷Ҳٵź־ǿ߳ȥֻϧ־ǿϾ֣ѾҶСĴ㣬ղŵǸҲһ鶯ƵҶСǰͬʱּһ̡
ҶСϾǵһδ򣬸ûһ㾭飬־ǿ׾ٵҶСһֻͻһ㣬򣬱⣬ȻƹҶСԣ𲽺ͶˣһЩװ˹ϵܺõ⣬˶ơ
־ǿһЦĿҶС磬Сô㻹ǲС
ʲôõģҲŵһδҹһδ򶼲ҡ
󣬺־ǿһ࣬
˵رСΧҲûֻǼ־ǿɫѿǣ֪ʲô顣
ãͶ˵󣬺־ǿ
ҶС˵ͷһƣ˺־ǿǰһľ׮һ㣬һƾ־ǿΣҶСǲһʱҶСͼʱĵǰʹ粽ǰأвЩŭ
־ǿһҧаȻҲ
˲䣬ҶС赲ǿǰȥҶС嵥׼ǿͻƣκ̴ˣȻС嵥ǵ̺ȴޱȾˡ
ҶСû˿Ҫ˼־ǿзһ˿֮ɫߣº֣Լ֪Ȥ
ۿ־ǿҪײҶСϣΧУ־ǿǻ϶¶ֻ֮ɫޱɫޱȣһ˿ĵģװ˳װҲһ֮ɫʣµǲ֮ɫǶΪҶСǵһᱻ˸ĺ־ǿײɡ
ˣˡ
ء־ǿײҶСϾͺײһ㣬һʹնһ鶯ҶСƽĿбâ΢΢һ־ǿ˳ȥ˵ϣһٶȼ죬쵽ͬ־ǿ˶֪ʲô¡
һ̣ΧһƬžǸǰһĻģʵеĻĲʵ̫ˣǾȵ˵˻
ղֻǿ˺־ǿͼǿͻҶС赲ֻǸһײҶСʱԼȴ˳ȥƱһһ㡣
ҶСûˤڵϵĺ־ǿһ˷˳ȥһ˾վ⣬һһ򻮳һĻߣͶУģҶСһ֣ΧˣͬޱҲȵŴ͡
ͶҶСӵƳһĿɿڴĺ־ǿתװȥ
С磬ġװһҶСļһ˵ĵ
ʱ⼸ҲΧ˹ҶСͣҪʶһҶС硣
ޱĿ⸴ӵĿҶСһۣȻĿͶڵϵĺ־ǿҧһ½ûκα˺־ǿ
ʱڵϵĺ־ǿ˫Ŀ૵ܣܣôأ
һΣ־ǿǶ˶ˣѵһҶСģ˭֪Լˣȡ衣
װ˸˵ŵҶС۾ǿ˿λãǸλѾûӰǹҳһ˿ɾЦ


46 ʫ
С磬ģݺݵĽѵһ٣Ժ󻹸ҲšһЦ
ʱΧö˶Χ˹ѯҶС£ŪҶС֮
ޱź־ǿĸ첲ȻȥҶС΢΢̾һһ˿֮ɫ
ˣ˰ɣС磬ֵ㸶װһҶСļ򣬻ǰ˻ε
ҶСЦЦû˵
˵С磬û뵽㻹湻ĵģҿ㻹רһĶԴĽѩɣҪɩ֪лСɩԺ塣װһЦЦ
˵ҺĽѩ֮ûʲôҶСϽ͵
ûʲôҪҪȥĽѩ˵˵֮ûʲôװװǻƾҪȥ
ҶС缱æסúúãҳϣ˰ɣ
ˣʲôأ򡣡ʱ
ҶСװҶСǿľȫƵĳ̶ȣĸּɣ򡢶򡢸ͶƣҪԷʱѧĲˣ˵ʱˮƽװֻΪ˲˵ע⣬ûбֳ
һȺһ򣬼ɫˣҲƣҲͣ׼ؼҡ
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УһһҪû뵽ô죬Ҫ˶춼ܸϵˣ⿴ҶС˵
ҶСϽ˰ֵ
ˣˣټˣҶСż˻˻־˳
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Ƭ̺ͻȻ˹һʼûʲôǣǸ˻ͣļǲ죬ѵС͵
תͷȥȴԼˣȴһһСŮŮǳɫ䣬һɰϴĽţп㣬ȻĺأòȴΪˣϸü΢ĿˡСɡɢһֵšջϢһȻȥΡص
Ů˹ҧһķŭΣҶС״ĿͶŮһòΪˣһŮƨϣһ־ȻŮ滬ȥһܵģ
˺ҶС缷˼ǰһܴĿռ䣬΢΢ˣŮ㼷˽˶ƱҶС绷סһ㡣
Ů̧ͷ˿ҶС磬΢΢һ㶣Ǹмصлл㡣
ҶС΢΢һЦ׼˵лȴһȭϮĺ󱳣ɫһڳһֻѸץȥһץס˵ȭͷݺһա
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ʱϵȫĿͶ˹
ҶС约˵ᣬĹâ˫ĿбųǵˣôЩ飬Ҫ
⻰Χ˲֪ʲô飬˶ŸŭĿӡ
ӣһǺͷ˵һ仰ȹһվͣݺݵĵҶСһۣ˳
лл㡣ҶСǰܽӴŮٴθмص
㶼˵ˡҶС絭һЦףҲһеѧͻȻƳŮǰŵǸССУա
һи߶ʮĺʫ˵꣬һ졣
ôˣҶСĵʵ
ûʲôʫˡ
ôˣҶСͻȻֺԷУվŮδȫٵλùţղǡѹ˼졣
Ŷʫܸʶ㣬ֺЩϤ
ˣҽҶС硣
֪
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ÿοԶǵһŮЩĽص
ǺǡҶС΢΢һ£ɫųڶ֮
ŶˣôҪ𣿡ҶСͻȻʵ
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ǰ̵ĲҪ
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ںʫ˳ҶСϸ߶źʫ֣Ϥ˵һ㣬һʱ벻ˡ
Щ̾Ϣҡҡͷ


47 
תۼѾڶѾ˾ŵʮ֣࿼ʮˣλѧϵǧ˰̬Щãһţеɫ˫Ŀǣеѧ̾һ⣬Լûƽʱûкúѧϰʱ֪Լīˮɺԡ
ȻοԺҪҶСԾһȻû˿ѹĳɼÿζȫһټǿ󣬿ĿĿǰΪֹеĶѾ洢ԺУѾڻͨԼĶһҲġ
ʱҶСĽѩ˵Цģһ̸˵̬֮ΧһЩͬѧͶ˼ʵĿ⣬ȴûе¡
аСʱҪˣһЩƽʱûùѧڻ׷׸ʩֶΣ׼ڿиͨȡúóɼȫǰʮΪģΪȥμҰ۲ͻ
һ˼磬ѧϰõͬѧ׽Ҳǰϵòãⲻ߶İſһһͷʮ㣬ͷ͹ɼƶŵһ˫ĺɫƤЬһֱֻһװʮԪ±˲֪Ǳһ㡣
ֻͳһŶƽпݸǰһƬ۾˹ĵͬѧǮֻҪϸҷ𰸣Ǯˣܰҽǰʮٸΰô
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ǡ
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ĽѩŰ˼ȫ˿ϣ׼ſԹе2BǦʡСȵȡ
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εĿѣҿûϣǰʮˡһλ
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ͬѧ۷׷ףж쳳ˡ
С磬㿴ҴôĽѩóԾЩĶҶС
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ãҾͿǼĽѩôҶСǺһЦ
ҲŲǼҵġĽѩϷɳƬϼҶСһۡ
ҶС͵ûпĿĽѩԾԼ˰Сʱʱ䣬ҶСӢſȫˡ
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48 ӱ̬
糿ĲãһԡڳУԵó䡣
жʮӾҪϿˣ˼⣬ѧѾ˽ʦУҪǷǰʱѧУйһѧǴʱȴǺ⣬ԭǿԳɼһ죬е˶ڴųɼĽȻһЩѧɼΪǿʵ̫ˡ
߶İ࣬һѧƵͷĿ鱾ϸĻͻᷢʱʱĿͶſڣһŵӡ
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˵ûиǽҿ⣬ǣҽˣˣͲԭˣһᷢ⿨ʱһһһĿλͬѧҽˣλͬѧͰйǵľͻߵʸҳʮš
Ļ󣬺ܶѧɫףʮţôడһʮţʮһţ⡭дͬѧ
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󣬽һƬڣͬѧǶ
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ߣţҿôš
С磬ʦô֣òǣĽѩЩĵĵ
ģҶСǺһЦ
ҵףҶСͬѧοԣҶСͬѧȻȫһͬѧǶ֪εĿѣҶСͬѧŹεܷ730֡
󣬽һƬžеͬѧɵˣ⻹Ҫ֪ſγ̵ܷ750֣ôѵҶС羹Ȼ730֣ез첨ˣͬڽѧϰ˺˵Ĳôôأ
žžžһȫͬѧĿͶҶС硣
ӱ̬ˣ治ˣеͬѧͷ
ʱΪ˽ҶСʱɫƽޱȣûʲô仯
ҶСͬѧǰİͬѧǵģϣͬѧԺҪҶСͬѧѧϰţǰȫǰʮλͬѧ糿˵㵽ѧУſڼϣȥ׼һ¡ϴЦ˵˵кһҶС硣
˷⿨ʱ䣬Ŷһ֣ͷд͡ʣͬѧж
⿨󣬼еͬѧ϶¶ʹ֮ɫһͬѧҪžͣܲʹ
ҶСΪʧԭҲдʮŵʡ
ڿ˺У԰ˣе˶֪ҶСǰӱ̬ˣܷ־Ȼ730֣ڶſ650ѵڶ80֣̫̬ˡ
ߣ㻹ܵãУ԰һλ˿۾ʱѧϹҳһ˿Ц


49 ǰ
糿ͬѧǶڽ뵣жȹһԾķ£ԾʺĴţһЩѧᣬڲģ쿪ʼһҪúѧϰȡ´οԺԾϵĴһЩ
Щ˶붼ǰϣ죬ոգպ࣬µͻԼĺ׳־һɶ
һڿһڽˣͬѧϵͬĽģĽЩܹμҰ۲ͻģлں޵ģںԼƽʱûŬùѧϰûпǰʮš緢ģЩ˵ȻǿıȽϺõġ
У԰УһЦ⣬һ֮ɫš۾ģ㣬ҲܿǰʮǺǣ죬˵㻰飬㡣
˵ţóһпݸˡ۾
۾зȵĹâӹпһЦĵл˸߿İһ㡣
С磬У԰ſڣĽѩҶСݸһЦһ˿ᣬһɫСγȻ˾
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ҶС༶л磬ĽѩĹϵǳá
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лĻٿĽѩı飬ŮƺʲôƵģһȻ֮ɫӣĽѩ㻹ƭǲɣͱ̬ҶС£һж֪ˣһŰ״һӵŮ
˵ʲôأЦôġһԴԵ˹
Ůȥһˣ¶һ˿֮ɫĬ
磬ˡĽѩ΢΢һЦ
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53 Ʒͽ
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ʱͣУͬѧǣʮһȺһѣ۷׷ףⶼǹڴͽһ¡
³󣬶ἰʱĽ¸ѧУ쵼ѧУ쵼ѧǶûյʲô˺Ʒ˷ӣһҶСͶȥ˸мĿ⡣
С磬㿴е˶㡣ĽѩЦһô̸ҶС磬˵ۡ
ҶС磬ҹĳΪѧеİˣѧϰãֻҪ˭޸㣬ҸˡԸǿŵлЦŵ
޸ˡһһλһŮЦ˵λŮĽѩĹϵҲжȡ
лɫ΢΢һ죬ҶСһۣЩԹصҵ밡˼ѾǵĶˣٺһţǳС
ǵĶ˭װһɻӵ
ǵĽѩ˭лЦſĽѩ
磬˵Ҫ˵ҲˡĽѩ͵͵ؿһҶС磬ıûʲô仯ɫʱЩá
ʱҶС˼ЩͽĿģҲûע⵽Ľѩɫı仯
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ҶС˼Ǹ˳ƽĿһۣȻĿͶĽѩ
ҵȻûܵʲô˺ˣҪܵʲô˺һվĽѩܲãʱܲϸ˵رĲ
ڸղл˵Ǿ仰ҶСɫûʲô仯ͻȻúܲãĪġ
Ľѩ⻰ɫЩΣҶСĿĽѩղúõģôǳըҩһ㣬ԼڿһŤͷ
Ȼû£ҾͷˣȺͬѧһģˡ
˵꣬зȵתߣߵʱ⿴ҶСһۣҶСҲһ˵Ŀⶼײǧ
ĽѩǲãлҶС缷üŪۣȥο¿ɰ࣬˼ԼŰ졣
մСǲˣҶСϽߵĽѩߵĽѩôˣ˭۸ˣң
ҪܡĽѩСһ٣㷢һ˦ǰȥ
ҶСϽȥôܲأҵĽѩ鲻þ鲻ã۸۸ң˵ҪҹܲҶСסĽѩĸ첲
ſĽѩص
ţˡҶСЩӣĽѩЦ˳
ң˭۸㣿ҶСȴص
۸ңǣ쵰ĽѩݺݵҶСһۡ
ңô۸ˣҶСЩЦص
㣬㣬۸ҡĽѩЩίĿҶС磬ǴжҪ˾Өˮ
Ľѩ飬ҶСϽҲãԭңĽѩԺһĻͲίˡ
ҶС粻֮Ȱ˵ĽѩüЦһԵлΪ˴Ĵָ
Զһпеޱһ˿֮ɫ΢΢ࡣ
ѡҪģһһȽȽ𣬶ѡһֱȥģȴٶ䡣
·ȻѾߴˣͺڻͷˣг˿ɬǿɬ


56 ı
ͬѧǣйֻҪ˵ʮʦУһ࿴ϵ˸ѧУĸУ顣
ͬѧ󣬶ۼΧΧһȦʮʦΧм䡣
ͬѧǣȻ壬ĵطǾҪһƶȡǵһһѧʣһУ˵ʣϣͬѧǶܹӴʦİţʲô£򱨸棬Ҫ£ͬѧ𣿡
ܡͬѧǸһ϶¶˷ܵ顣
ãһеѧɸԵĴʦȥĴƵ´ƵϢ
Ҫס´Ƶ꣬ͬѧǸ˵ػ
߶һࡢࡢࡢİѧͬѧǾۼǰʮĵط˶⣬ĴʦҲŸԴӵİ༶
Ƭ̺ʮͬѧվ˶ǰʮͬѧʮŮֻνǲ˶٣һĦȭƣƵƵѰԼŮ
ͬѧǶˣὲһע⣬ȻͬѧǸ߳˵ͣ
ʱѾʮӣ鰲ţͬѧھƵϢСʱԽһ·˳ۣʮĵʱٰͬѧǻ
һͣһ޴Ĺ㳡ȵдЩζȻЩƣ˿Ӱͬѧǵ¡
¹㳡ޱȣһСȪԼռһٶƽȪһֻʯһˮĿɢڳˮС
ͬѧųһ·ݶԣһһһ߹ۿΧɫɫȺһǰš
ȹĸ˽𷢡ŵŸ߸ЬŮӣɰСʵߴ͵׳УָͬѧĿϾӡ
㳡ϵĺܶοͶĿͶͬѧǣһִкԵüΪ顣
´Ƶ꣬ھ㳡ʮ׵·԰˾ƵڷԱĴ£һ䣬ס˿ͷС
ͷԼһʮƽһҶĿź̺ʮĳҺһɳĶ棬ͷһӦоУޱȣȻⲻõͳͷǶѧ˵Ѿˡ
ҶСһͷǰİײ߶ĵ֣ͷȺϴ˸裬ԻصԼķ䣬ײ͵һӣμӾ۲ͻҲ鱾ӽҶС˵û仰
ȴͬԸ̸һžͺһͦǹһ㣬˵ͣ
߽ҶС粢ûкǰȥϢǱ˫ĿԺһӰʩչŸѧָȭơȡǹʮ˰ÿһӵ˼£ǵľ裬Ӱ⣬кܶӰӰһ㣬ǵӰԴ
ҶС翴ЩӰϴιʱֵս飬ȻЩսѾˣֻڻûڻͨﵽľ磬Ŭںϣȫ硣
ڶǲôżǸĳڰѾҪˣҶС㣬Щ񹦽һΡ
ҶС֮ʱһرĿͷУһͷ鷢Ž˿۾վڴǰңԶ֪Щʲô
үҪЩʲôһλװͷĺ˹Ķ
ģתü΢壬ûʲôˣ㻹ǽɣ
û˵ʲô΢΢ҡҡͷҲҪʲôˣһæ
үԸһɡص
һͬѧУһͬѧЩڣһ˲֪ʲô߼
үǵĵ̣Ҫ˭һ仰ֻҪ˵֣Ͻˣȫ֪ʧ
΢΢ҡҡͷһ򵥵ѧҹͨ˸ͲĶ֡
΢΢˼һᣬүѧϸңҷǳǰҸһļƻ
õģ鷳ˡӿڴóһ̵˹ȥ
ӹ̹صүģѾ׵ģȳȥˣʲôҪԸһ
˵ͷ߳ȥóһֻһ󰴼𣬡ԹֵܣȥǼͰʧţֽŸɾһ㣬β͡˵
ү֪ˡ绰һɳƵ˵
ҵ绰һĿк⸱ͬѧǿ֪Ҫ˳


57 ɳ̲
ĴϣҶС磬ͻȻ˫Ŀ˫ĿһƬѤĹâȻŤͷſڵķ򣬸ղڷḻսеͻȻӦſһŲ
Ȼ˫Ŀû೤ʱ䣬һ
ҶС磬Ͻ𴲣ʮӾʮĵˡǵֵ
ŶлҶС΢΢һЩӲ
ҶСĻֲû뿪ҶСķſǹһ˵һ󣬶ԴҶСΡ
´Ƶ꣬մӺĿͷ߳˹үƻˣμƻϸݣ뿴˵ݹһŰ׾ֽƬ
ƽ۾ϸĿ˿ֽƬϵݣƬֽ̺ƬҩЧ𣿡
·ʽҩˮú󣬼ʹԷٴٺõ֣ҲͨˣҼⲻһ˿߶ˣҩˮҩЧֻʱ䡣͵
΢΢˼һƻУһһ˫񣬼ܳҶС磬ܵõĽѩܲл
ӦġĿ佱ʱüЦܵõүĿ佱ֱ̫ˣ°ˣүһĵʱ򣬻ȨǮֵ
ˣ¾ͽˣű°ѱ˵꣬¶һ˿Цݡ
ǵģүص
ʱͻȻһ΢
˭ɫúѿϽŷķȥǣϳһ̲ˮ⣬ʲôҲûС
˹˵һ̲ˮգɫһƵһҪ˭Ȼ󡭡֪𣿡
ܣϿıûʲô仯ǣȴǺ⡣
Щվţͷ϶Щ亹үģ£һ׵ġ
ˣ򡭡˵꣬ȥ
һ򵥵ʰҶС˱߳˷䣬ߵϣžͿˣĽѩлͶ˱סڶ档
һ߰ɣҶСĽѩ΢΢һЦһ˿ɫŮĶȹԲСۡ޳Ĵȡ
ĽѩЩ΢ĵ˵ͷһȥ˭Ҳûע⵽л統ʱһԶֹӡ
ʮĵӣͬѧǶ¹㳡ȪϣڸԴʦĴ£ͬѧǷֿľ¡
ҶСȥĽɳ̲ȥ棬ɳ̲طĲͬɳӵɫһ˿Ľɫҫ¸Եý
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ҶСһߣһŤͷΧŮ̾Ů治١
Ǻÿ𣿡ҶС͵ʱһߡ
ÿҶСû˼ͻش
벻Ȣؼң
룬ζ롣ҶСȻЩŮش
ͻȻһЦ˹ͬʱҶСĸʶһɴźĿϮ
ҶС簵ãϽŤͷһֻȺлЦĿĽѩһ˪ĿǷŭ֮ɫ
ǺǡҶСεЦЦǸǸȻƯȴĽѩʮ֮һҪܰĽѩȢؼңĴҶԸ⡣
ʵ⼸ڵĽҶСѾϲ߹ЩСƢֹ󷽵ŮҲܸоĽѩҲЩϲǣȴʲôԼһЩ룬ҲԼЩ䲻ĽѩҲûбס
ղһʱûע⣬޴ĻشĽѩЩ⣬һŭĽѩҶСΨװɵתƻ⡣
ҶСĻĽѩɫÿ࣬ԾɲҶС硣
ʮͬѧڶĴ£ɳ̲һ̫ɡ£޴̫ɡΣͬѧǶѱʳϷ£Ȼȥ棬ͬѧעⰲȫ
ҶС硢Ľѩл硢һģ粻֮һ˵һţҲ뵽ҶСĶ顣
ɳ̲ͺӵĵط򣬼˹ȥһͳأҲ˵Ǵ򵹲˵ڴΡ
ʱĽѩҲ˺ܶ࣬ʱʱǽ׵ݺݵĲһҶС磬ŪҶСĽűǽӡ
ҶСĽѩûע⵽һԲԶһǣǳ֮ɫ
׿ˣûȤȥ棿һλ弫Ϊʵĺ¶˽׵ݶֻһ̿Ľ
λһ֮ϣСűĺƣµĿĽѩ


58 ʼ
壬ɳ̲ϣĺ󴵷㲨˹Сţ泩еķռǺźˮĳˢһɨա
ʱҶС統ȻĽѩһ飬ǵֺͶȣлģֻл˵ЩʣҪ󵱲УҲûǿ
Ľѩǰ档˹ѹҶСϽȻ֣ʱ׽´ģˣҪ˳˵֣ǾͲˣԼıѹƵѰ˵ˮƽ
ĽѩǰȥҪסֻǣЩ졢ҲЩͣΪ˵סĽѩһſɳ̲ϣûܵס
ۣɫģĽѩҶСǳǿĿȫĽѩȹµһо۵ףֻڲǿʱ
΢΢ЩźҡҡͷϽ˹ȥֱӱĽѩĵʵĽѩû°ɣ
Ľѩ΢΢һüͷֻ˲䣬һüΪͨ죬û¡
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ſ㲻ᵹ˰ɣҶС˵ûз֡
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ܻܲλãĽѩĶܼˮ
ҵ֣
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Ľѩһƽһ飬ҶСһۣȻ̧ţݺݲҶСĽűϡ
ղҶС˫ַǰеͻȻӿ죬ȫһĸоָо˺ֻǳŮ֣ϽҶСſǣû뵽ҶСô󵨾ȻҵôߣǸطһαȻҶСˣûзһ˿ϲá
ղŵĸоһһ㣬Ľѩﰵ뵽ȻĿͶҶС磬ޣåһ
űϵĽӡҶСЦһ¡
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ĽѩһüصǸǲ˼롣
׿ϵЦˣ۵Ǻ⡣
Ϊߴ֮һʼĵϵӵܣСҪʲôʲôǮŮȱŮͶͱºǳвһЩ֮˵ģǣûжĹֻΪϵİ¡
ǰλŮӣЩŮЩͬ崿סŴ˿һ߽ǰ㣬˸оһ˿ص
ʱԶʱҲֻ֮ɫڽʱ˿˿ġ
㷢ɽü졢覵Բ׺źĸ첲ӯӯһյС޳ֱȡСɰ㣬ȫ£ûһ˿ĵطƾ
ŮӵɫЩã׿΢΢һЦλС㣬ʼĵϵӵܣĺѡ̳ˣʶһС㣬Բ
׿Щ˵Ǹ֮߰ɫղλŮӾ̧ܾԼ۱żκһ˶ǲܾģϧĽѩĻش׵ʧƴƶֱӻ䵽Ԩ
ʼ壿û˵Ľѩĵʵڸʼ֪ģߴ֮һ侭ñ񣬶¡ʳסС豸߼˿Ƽȵȶ漰˵侭Ӱ쵽ȫ磬ˣǼΡҲһ
ĽѩĻش׿һ㶣֪УŮӣһ̰ͼ󡢰Ľ٣ֻҪһ۱ͶͱǣǰλŮȴԥľܾˣҪ˵֪ʼ壬һ㶼ţΪֻҪϲһ֪ʼ壬ڲͬŮӸȤˡ
û˵ҲҪֻСѣ׿ɴ΢ЦᡢǺҽ̲ͬһ㣬̸ֹ֮䣬޲͸¶Ź
ѣҲûȤ벻ҪǡʱҶСߵĽѩǰСƽص
ĽѩһͬĿдűнĿҶСһۡ
ǺǣǸͻˣҽ׿ˣǣ׿ȻȻ΢Цǣ۵ȴһ˿


59 ϷŮ
ֻһƽСûҪ֪ҵ֡ҶС絭ĵ˵꣬Ľѩ֣Ŷȡֺл֣˱뿪ɳ̲򳡡
ҶС羹Ȼ˵Լֱ֣˿׿˵ıһ㶣ǹһ˿΢Ц˼֪ʲô
׿ˣ˰ɣû뵽ҲгԱʱ򡣡׿λǿ׳ĺ촽һ֣¶Եø׵ݡ
ıҲߴ֮һĵϵӵܣء
ȷû뵽ĵŮӻԸģҷѾЩˣһ׷ġ׿ǳȹâص
ɣģһȵĵ
Ȼ
ޣҵ죬㾹Ȼɭ㲻׼׷ˣ
棿׿ҡҡͷ΢΢̾һҪ׷ϵĻ綼׷ˣѾµĿꡣ˵꣬ɫзһĨ
ҿλС㽫ǵڶ棬ޣˣ˵Ҳ塣
׿һߣȥҰޱһҪһ£λСǸСӵı
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ĽѩȡһŽ׵ֽһ¶ͷϵĺ飬ĿϵҶС磬һ˿֮ɫ
С磬лл㣬ԺҪСģʼرҵǻᱨʲô£Ҵ绰
û£ʲôˣֻҪ£һǸ۵ġҶСһЦһ˿⣬ڸʼ壬ҶС绹֪ģ˿һСӵеһҪ֮ԣڷɶ˻𣬲ڻģǼҲĿŵըοղҲֻǷһЩڽǣǶ¡
ҶСӣĽѩЩˣݺݵĵҶСһۣһ¹㣬ҶС磬ҵĻ
ҵȻˡҶСΨλСƢ󷢸ϽĽѩôģҲһ΢ˣ˵ԸһмڶԸң㣬ԺҪСĵ㣬ƭˣҪȻһûϱˡ
ҶСĽͺĽѩĵź˺ܶ࣬һ仰ĽѩޣôЩ˼롣
ҶСҪ˵ʲôʱȴͻȻ˲Զһŭȥ
ȥʱǰһ̾һ
һλŻĴͳŵŮӵŮӣλŮɫأЩ΢һɫ㱳ȹԵø߹ޱȣСӯӯһգ˫ȱֱ޳Բ覣ɢһȻ֮ȴһ˿ǧ֮ĸо
ԻһλСŮλСŮǳɫĳȹװòֻϷŮԲһ˿ʱλŮǰվӣӺǻˣһǵԣ֪ǵˡ
ҶСתͷ˱ĵطĽѩҲ˳ҶСĿ⿴ȥһһͳˣģҧ֣ҶСݺһš
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ĽѩȻ˵ЦݣǺȴҶС粻
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ʵ˵ʵҪֻĻĽѩλϷŮӵòһģ忴ĻλϷŮʤһ֣ԭڣλϷŮӵĴﵽ͸¶һ˿ʣĽѩʱ仹СûгųŮ˵ϼ꣬˼¡
𣿡Ľѩֵ¸ˣҧѩ׵ݣȻұƯΪʲô㲻ңǲأ
ĽѩĻҶСһЦڻҵŮѶܵôҪԺǳҵŮѣǻȴס
ȻЩǲ˵ģҶСָڵķ͵ĽѩұԩҸղǼҪҲſ˿ûע⵽ǵò
ģҶС绰Ľѩû뿪ҶС䣬ҶС˵ѻٴϮĽѩЩŵĿҶС˫ۣҪҶС翴͸ſţȺա
ĽѩŮӵķȥȻϷŮһĲãλŮһķŭָǰļӲ֪˵ЩʲôΪڵĵطмҬһʱҲûע⵽Ǳߵ


60 ᵺ
С磬ҪȥǣĽѩЩص˲䣬ɫһ䣬һתߣ治Ƕ
ҶСЦһ£ȴҲûнƱ磬ҹȥǣ
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ޱرƣԼΪҪõĽΣǿһıᷳ˵£˦һɱڣ룬ǳ׵ˣ֪յɳ̲߻û棬޳ܵĵˣʵ̫ˡ
ǣЩ˾ȻҵĴСӾֱǲ֪ǵıڶûߣ¿ЩѶˡ
λŮģǾ͹ԹԵķӰɣһλкȼŻһ㣬ɫŮӵ
̴ǵʧĿŭƱѩеԶ
ϷŮı飬ˣĪһλŮǸоԼһȼ
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ٺ٣ǵģȥǵҡһЦһ
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61 һ
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⡭ðɣ΢΢ԥһҶСӦŤͷĿ⿴ĽѩȴĽѩݺݵĵһۡ
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62 ׿
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63 
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ʬΧΧοͣһʬָָ㣬۷׷ףʮľվžʬΧֳЩ춼άľ죬߱
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64 
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65 ɳը
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66 һһս
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еϴʱҵ·ɧȴװһ£˵ǲ׼ң־ǿϴ΢ЦЦȴǶħס
˵˭Ϲ־ǿҪ֡ޱŭĿź־ǿڲų׵Ŀ͸˺־ǿǰǧ˳ƴӡĺ־ǿȫˣһ޳ܵĶͽ
㿴ڶˣȻҪҷ֣ҪǷڹŴǲظҶС磬˵Բԣ
£ûȤ֪Ҳ֪ҶСЩʹĵ˵꣬׼ߡ
žһİҶСͣס˽Ų
ģˣڻǸˣҾ֪˾Ǽˣʼղһ־ǿޱ˵ֵʱ򣬳׵ķŭˣʵЩֱۣ׼ޱȥ
ˡҶСץסĸ첲󣬴ȵ
־ǿһ£Ѳɫ΢䣬ôڻںһֻЬѣֵ𣿡
ֻǿ۸ŮˡҶСĵݺһ˦־ǿֱӱ˦˳ȥſĹ㳡ϡ
ΧһЩ˶׷Χ˹żָָ㡣
һԹŮҾĲǡ־ǿ񶾵
ޱйỨҧź־ǿ־ǿӽԺ˭ҲǷ˭ˡ
úúãǸҵš־ǿޱǷһ˿ЦȻ߿ˡ
ʲôҹ־ǿȺ
ޱһʺİӡҶСЩʹޱ֣֣ǸӡзһĨ׹⣬ʮʱǸʺӡʧˣҶСջ֡
ˣûˣɫˣϽȥɣˡ˵꣬ҶСһ֮ɫ˿ˡ
С磬ǻԼȥ𣿡ޱ滨Ϸһ˿֮ɫ
ҶСͣס˽Ųתͷĵÿ𣿡
˵꣬ͷҲصľɳ̲ȥ
ղҶСָޱϸʱǡñĽѩˣĽѩ᲻ֹֻǣ鸴ӵҶСûע⵽
ҶСȥıӰޱʹ֮ɫһ˿⡣
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ҶС˹͵óһ֦Ż棬ʲôʱģ
硣
ҶСԶɳ̲С̯λϣ˼ʮƬƬȻտԼСʱ󣬳Ĭõһĵ׼𣿡
ˡҶСҧһտƬľǩС
һվ𣬾һһɳ̲ϱȥҶСҲȥԼһӵʱ䣬˵ٶȼӿˡ
Ƭ̺󣬾˾ɳ̲幫ĽʯһֱԾһͻĽʯҶС翴һҲһ齸ʯ
໥ŶԷϣĻŽʯӨˮɽҪɽʱȴһεסˡ
ƣϷ𽥼ǿȻ䣬ϵ˲˶㣬䡣֮ĺˮըһɶߵˮ
ᡣˮһγֱն£һεиնˮȻԶնסӣǣܾ쵽һΣյĸо
һ㣬һƶһʯϣ뿪ʯǿ齸ʯֱӱһ֮飬ʯѣˮ䡣
ҶСһƬɻ󣬡ԣǽ
ȷǽҪ֪ܷΪҪﵽ쾳磬һƸûдﵽ죬ǻӽʱԾǿѹȿʹþֲ˶γڽ֮ɱС


67 лʧ
ҶСһأĿǳ⻪ҫһһȭ
籼ףķֽգһݵұۣٴұ۴ȭͷϣһȭƥȭͷǰĿȻһȭͷӣֱ˹ȥ
̺һȭһĿһ˫ĿһһһӰӰȭͷӰһռ˲ֹͣһ㡣
¡һ졣
Ӱ飬ȭӰѣǿƲǰӣΧ֮ڵĺֱӱ飬ˮʯѣʯ˵£˼ͷ
ͬʱ˽ż㽸ʯٳԷжһɳȣѪڷڡ
ҶС磬һѵԼ˽ֵĻᣬȫЩսڻͨ
һһǿĶ֣òԴսȻ˵νֺ󣬻ȥչһʱ䣬Ϳ쾳硣
ӰǧȭӰأ˼óȫʵҶСɫĶǽۣѪ˳һɫʿ϶˼ȭӡĿǰΪֹҶСԴ·磬Ͼǵһһʵ൱˽֡
ʮնһһϷ˰â֮ҪһУҶСȭΪƣ΢΢㣬һȻƫԭĹ켣ͬзɽˮҲųƫƵķƶ
ɽ
ĳµαһƶײһ
һæ˳ҶСǣķ򻮶ȻԭĹ켣˶˳ƶΪһʽͿԿһսҲΪḻ
˳ƶĽٶȼ죬תһǧɽơ
ǹɳȻΰξͱԾЩϣһӵˮҶСĲùƱһһ˿ڣѪֱ
һˮҶС磬ٴսһսĹУҶСϤĸֱս飬ʱȭʱ˫ƻӶʱ߳
ҶСһսʱĽѩͶ굽Ѱл磬ĽѩȰ˵ҶСȥﰬޱŮҲûмл磬ΪлͱͬѧȥˣѾϾŵ㣬ûмл硣
ĽѩͶ꼸ʱ˵û˿л磬вˣɳ̲ϣ㳡ϣ԰ȵȵطǶҹˣɻûС
ͻȻĽѩ뵽ҶС磬˵ҶСȻرҶСڹϵԼѵİοڲòȥҶС硣
ÿҶСͷţֺͰײڡ
ѽɩӣĽѩֺĵ
ֽɩӣЩҲЩģЦŵˣСûУ
С磿һֱһôˣЩɻĵ
ѵСһֱûлĽѩɻʵ
ûС
ҶСûڣĽѩͶȾˣھƵĴѰл磬ɲҶСʲô⡣
ߣһֺһĽѩЩȻ
Ѱлʱһͷͷǡޱڵķ䡣
Ů໥һۣɫ춯жܸӣʹ֮Ҳû˼л硣
˿ͷĽѩһɻҲЩϲСûһС絽ȥˣ
ͻȻ䣬ԺгŮҶСȵλŮ
øǺһôأѾˣôܺһأĽѩ
Ŷˣе绰Ľѩˣæóֻ˺룬ϣš
ãĵ绰ѹػ⻰ĽѩвЩòǳʲô˰ɣҪȻôػ
ĽѩôˣĽѩɫԾʵ
С磬ĵ绰ͨòǳʲô˰ɣĽѩصˣʱ򣬺ûмСˡ
ӦòɣҶСǶܴЩͽģͲҪˡ갲ο
ǡͻȻ䣬Ľѩ˽ʿˣǣԽĽѩԽģԸҶСޱŮһ
֮£һѰл磬һѰŶȡ
ڣ˵ɳ̲ϼҶСһʿһԿ⣬֮£ͼæɳ̲û
ѯɳ̲ϵˣǣû˼
ʵΣֻȥҶᣬϣʦ취


68 սʤһ
򣬴죬Ũ̹ܶ衢ˮͰ˾Ŵ𣬻мͣڴԣԱˮܣŴ
ɳԶһ࣬Żܵɳ
һӵʱ䣬ˣԾð̣һɳȥöҲȥ
ߵѾ˷һɳǰ˿ֺö񱻻ˣǣһ춼ûУѵȫ棬
ѯ˼񣬸Щ˵ƲɳеľܿȫȻͽߵʱһըɳ
棬²ɳз˺ü߱ս˵ʬ壬Щʬ嶼Ǿġ
ǧ˵ΪʲôҪըɳüͷ
Ϊɳǵˣġŷǧ˵ᰣȥ󿴿ʲôӣ֣ⷽӦûЩʲô
Ҳֻ᰿һ߾սʬ壬ߡ
ӳŷС㣬ɳһֻͷϷŰʱһľ˹ݸ˷һ͸ϴϴװһλεذס
ֻʲôطֵģ᰿ϴеذʵ
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ʮ״Щ˻ݣҲŹһصص
ʱһ˹ӳڵ¼з˼ʬ塣
룬ᰵߣȥ
˵꣬һ˾̤Żðķ߽ɳ
壬幫Ľʯʱ¡¡ʱˮ䣬Ȫ׳ۣҪ˿ľĻᱻһɫӰͬһ㣬һҫâ֮ҰƷǧվںԶĵطܸоܴѹ
䡣
޴Ӱɳվڽʯ֮ϣҶСԡѪɫĽۣһҲѪҶСԺһ㣬ȴһ˿ѪҶСȻǱʵϣһҪҶСء
ʱ˶ЩɫҲܲ԰ף۾ȴΪ֮ϵǳҪ財
һжӮһҶС
áҶСԾʮ㡣
һ˫սĿбųâȻһӰء
ӳӰĳϷɳûãֲ٣ԼٶҶСֶȥ
һҶС΢΢̾һҪֽеĻᣬһʹһУҲûлˣľ֮ǿȫԿǱΪǱΪ١
ҶСָָһѤĹâ
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ˡҶС絭ĵȻջָһ
ҰˣôһģһƲûбʧܴ򵹣ʵ
ҶС絭һЦҵľͱȽǿ󣬵ȻܿһοһõǼɣڼɷұҪܶ࣬Ļ˭ʤ˭һΪҵΪĿǰ㡣
ܽˡһ
ˣҵͬѧҡ˵꣬ҶСӶ͵һСϡ
ʲô֣
ҶС硣
ΪͻƺһġһҶСıӰ
ʱ㡣
ҶСӰʧ˺ڰУһŲڽʯϵĳĿЩȻҾȻˡ
ĬƬ̣˹ȥ𳤽Ҫ뽣ʱǰѳȻȻڽڱ顣
ųƬһһ㶣зһĨõĹâ㻹ûȫһΣһġ
´ƵУеѧжѰҶСлӰĽѩҶСķУ˿Ȼ˿ˣ֪ԼǵڼνҶСķˣÿѰһᣬͻȥҶСûС
ѰһСʱСʹ˫Ҳ΢΢ףѰš
С磬ϽɣҲˣ
ٴѰһΣɳ̲ϣ㳡ϺֵܶĵطûҶСӰƣص˾Ƶꡣ
꣬ûҵѾˣϣʵ
ҡҡͷûҵ
ĽѩҶСһµģͷĺˡ갲ο
ǡǣҺż
ҵҶСˣҶСˡʱһ˹
ĽѩһҲûϲ˲һӣߣ֪ܵȥˣ˰졣


69 Ľѩ
һСţĽѩԼķȥͻȻһͣ˽Ų
ҶС磬ʲôˣô˳
ĽѩϽ˹ȥͿҶСѪ˹ƣ֮ɫ
С磬ôˣĽѩϽ˹ȥҶС׵ĶѪһʹҶСĸ첲һҶСķȥ˺Ծûи
ű𶯣Ҹȡ˿ڵĶȥһ䣬ĽѩҶС˴ϣǵĵĵжỨ
ĽѩŵӣҶСһƬůֱĽѩС֣ȥˣû¡
ôûأ㿴·ʲôˣҪǲҵĻԺͲˡĽѩŭ˵꣬˦ҶС֣æ˳ȥҶСˡ
ĽѩżʹӣҶСǸжҲһЩΣʱĽѩˣԼôȰһᣬĵ
Ƭ̺ĽѩС˽æӰóһЩɴһЩɫҩĭЩʱģԷⷢóˣĽѩЩңҿӲǰЩҩװİҪȻڿɾͲˡ
С磬Ͻ·ˡĽѩҶС绹ţϽ˵
·Ľѩǲ̫һ㣬һû˼׼أҶСЩ˼ĵ
ʲô˼׼Ľѩɻʵ
㲻Ҫ·Ǹ𣿡ҶСҲɻ㲻··ܸʲôȻǸˡ
ĽѩҶС˵ʲôһ죬ҶСһۣˣЩ飬ǻãϽˣҸһ˿ڡ
ҶСǺһЦͰȾѪĶ¶˽ʵ壬ƤӨ񣬱ŮӵƤҪϸ塢𪣬ĽѩЩʣʱ˼棬ǰĿҶСϵЩ˿ϡ
˿飬Щ˿ںڻѪҶСһ·Уǵģû޸Щ˿ڡ
Ľѩ֣ĸЩ˿ڣкʹʵʹ𣿡
ʹʹҲ֪ôģһͲʹˡҶСĵ
ҶСĻĽѩ˿˿ģ컬࣬ϽãҸһ¡
˵꣬ȻΪҶСҶС˫ۣĽѩָůƼᣬи̾ҪܰĽѩȢؼҸжãǲ֪жˡ
һţһת񹦣ҶС˿ڸϸܵʲô̼һ㣬ٵķѣһЩϸС˿ۿɼٶϣҶС˿ڵĽѩĿɿڴ̫˼ˣƬָ̺˹ΪҶС˿ڣС
Լ˶ʮӣҶС˫ۣԼ˿ѾõòˣĽѩΪЩûȫϵ˿ڣһӣҶС翴ĳ
ʲôأͻȻ䣬Ľѩʵ
ȻǿˡҶСʵʵ˵
ߣåĽѩ˵ţСȭͷҶС塣
ӴҶСװʹӡ
ҶСӣĽѩˣΪŪʹҶС磬ϽűĵطС磬ԲҲǹġ
ҶСŻᣬַĽѩֱϣץסС֡
ƺʶʲôĽѩһҶС׼С֣Щ岻ȥ

ҶСϽסĽѩӾҶСĻȥʹҶС絹˴ϣĽѩҶСϣʱ˵ıǼⶼҪײһ
ĽѩСɿɰĽҶСһ¶ǻǲǣǣҶС粻֮ΣˣǣλûˣοԼҲ˼
ô죬ǰɣⲻҵĴⶼΪǵĻҶС뵽
ǣȥ
࣬ĸоǵĽǲ˿Ľѩ赲̽˽ȥĽѩ࣬ƺ㣬Ȼ˱Ľѩࡣ
ͻȻһ̵ʱһҵʹ˹ܵķӦ뿪Ľѩ촽
ĽѩһҶСһۣƺЩ΢΢ŭåޣå
ղҶСͻȻסʱֻӿ죬ȫһ񻹺ϲָоҶС羹Ȼ˱ʱǴ̼ǸڻҶСûʲôϵʶҧһڣҧҶСͷ
ĽѩԲǿ̫ƯˣŲġҶСͷµĺӡ
ҶСӣڿǵѪϵİɴĽѩһʵҲҶС磬ʱȻܷҪȻͻǼһôߡ
ʵָоģĽѩޣʲôأ
ԽĽѩԽ죬쵰ȻȻңٴεҶСһۡ


70 ֵĶ
ˡĽѩ˼֮ʣһҶСϽѱӹϣöѪȻǴˣҲûд·ֻܽš
ĽѩƽһţȴǶͼѧվſڡ
ʦĽѩЩεĵϾʱҶСйŮһ䷿С
˽ȥҶСűڴϣʵҶС磬˵ˣҪ
ʦѾûˡ
ͻȻ䣬ῴ˴ͷһǣһȾѪĶ䣬ȻĿͶҶС磬ѱȥʦô
֮£ҶСֻðѱȥҶСϵİɫɴٿѾϵĲ˿ڣһҲֻǻˣǺҪ
ɫһת˫ĿһʵҶС磬ʵʲôȥˣôŪһ˺ۣ
û뵽ʦͦ˵ģͬѧ
ҶСҲһסˣ֪ǶᵣԼ
ʦҲûȥʲôطĴתתһСģ˾ˡҶСͷСһ֪˵ӡ
ҶСӣϲҶС羹ȻҲ˵ʵϲǻҶС粢ûܵصˡ
ҶС粻˵ʵҲûбʣҶС翴һᣬᵭĵһΣܵ˲ǺأҾͲƽˣ´Σһദ֪𣿡
֪ˣʦһ´ˡҶСϽ
ˣûмлͬѧʵɫ
ҶСһɻҡҡͷûУôˣʲôˣ
ˡĽѩǵĵĵ
ˣ
ǴӽʱپûпĽѩĵҶСһۣԼͰޱ˳Է£Ծɹڻ
òȥˣҶС
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ҶС磬úϢǶ߰ɣ˵۾һ˿ɫ
󣬶ͬѧǶ˳ȥĽѩҲ˳ȥƬַ̺˻ҶСĴϡ
С磬˵òʲô°ɣĽѩһĵصлڶжõһҲĵһʱԼĺʧˣ˵żǼٵġ
İɣôûзοԵ޹ʧٵİͷİɣ˵һˡҶС簲οȻοĽѩģǣҲЩģлҪʲô£һԼĺѻʦкǣڣȻû˿ľʧˡ
ĽѩԾɺܵģҶСˣҪϻǾںúҿʵڲоͱѧУҲصĴʩġ
ҲСȰ棬Ľѩࡣ
û·ĽѩͻȻʵ
ûд鷳ҶСεĵ
ȥȥĽѩȻ˳ȥ
Ƭ̺Ͷһ˽Ľѩһһ£ϲ˵ţݹһϴ
ʲôҶСӹȥóһһɫĶ䣬һ㶣˵ĸˡ
ֻҪҵĶʺϣǺǡҶС翴Ľѩ
Ľѩһ졣
˼һЦ˵ˣҸղ֭ϽȰɣ
˵꣬ԼСóֱ֭ݸҶСĽѩ
ллҶС˵һһսȷʵҲоЩڿʣ֭һ
ҶСһںȾ֭ĽѩҲ׼Լе֭ݹȥʵģҲһ˰ɣ
ҶС׼ȥӣȴȵסˣҶС磬ôأҸĽѩģҪ֪ĽѩΪüСʱûϢˣҲûкˮˣĽѩȰɣ
ҶСһǸ⣬ĽѩȰɣҸղźһѾˡ
ҶСͶȵȰ˵ĽѩǱ֭ˡ
˺֭ùձӣҾͲˣȳȥˣ˳ǰѱˡ
лл
ⶭȵıӰĽѩü΢壬öȽЩ֣ǾҲ˵Ҳûж롣
ߺҶСһǸصԲĽѩ㵣ˣôʱ䣬ʹ𣿡
Ľѩһ𣬡ЩʹǺҪ
ҿ˵ֱ꣬Ľѩ˴ϣѵĽѩһ˫ЬĽѩСɵ˼ˮʱϣһƬĹâ̼䣬Щˮݾʧˡ
Ľѩ֣һ뵽ղҶСЩ˺ϵĽѩȻˡ
ڴһĽѩ˷䡣


71 
һҹҶС粢ûϢǿľģһֵǶԷʽǷӦģʮֱ棬ҳһս
ջ񲻿ν޴ȣڵٲһͿȫתΪ֮еԼҲͲһ˿ĤͿٴͻˣΣԺеЩս飬ڶȫաڻͨˣٴսʱÿÿʽһ˿֮С
һҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һüͷ֪ôģЩƣǰʹ첻˯ֻҪڶԾڣٱʱȴЩǲ⣬ѵΪսһΣûлָĵ
ˡһ
ĽѩϸǼɫ䣬ò˵Ľѩ۹ܶ·Щ΢խ׺ЩƵĶҶСԳһڲͬʡ
ţıĽѩŽӡ
С磬绹ûл˵ǲǳʲôˣ
ûлҶʦûУҶСҲЩ档
ʦ˵ңҪҲţϻصѧУٱĽѩǵ֮ɫ
ϵ𣿡
ϵˣ˵ȥμӾ۲ͻˣûлؼҡ
ҶСҲ֪¶ǳˣ΢΢˼һᣬȥҾƵĹԱлڼûнƵꡣ
˵꣬ĽѩȥҶᣬҶСע󣬶зһ˿⣬ҲǽϾڻûлϢ
ʮӵʱ䣬һҵ˾ƵĸˣһλװɢųˣȻᵫǴ̸ֹϿԷһˣһλˣǹâκ˶С
ܣһܷѹƵļ¼ǵǿһ£һλѧʧˣһֱûмӰǿĵ
Уʧһѧ˵Ӧǿ¼ģӦҲ֪ûǸȨ˵ʹǸȨҲˣ磬ǾƵļ豸ͳһЩϣڻû޺ãֻ˵Ǹˡܺǲ˼ص
ʦѰѧʱʲô⣬ܿ˵ǾƵϵġ
лл˼ˣܣˡ
˵꣬ҶС硢Ľѩмѧ˳ȥ
ôôأлʧ٣Ǿ˵Ǽ豸⣬ҶСüͷ뵽ôҲ벻ͨʲôϵ
С磬ʲôͻȻԵĽѩʵ
ޣûʲôǺǣĽѩȥҡҶС罨
Ľѩ˵ͷ
˵һ˾߳˴Ƶꡣ
˴ӹ㳡Ѱҵɳ̲ϣɳֳֵ̲Ȼûмл磬лѯһЩˣҲûмл硣
ȥǱ߿ҶСָһڵĺǱߵ
ڵغܶɣֱӻع󺣡
ߵοҲܶ࣬ЩοͶŸ־£ߵߣĴ˿ûз֡
˿Ӷ԰ǱľͦΣοͱȽ϶ࡣ
ȥǱ߿Ľѩ
ҶС˵ͷ˱׼߹ʵľţ԰ȥѰл硣
˸ľţͻȻҶС緢ֶһ̫ҲľţĿʱʱЩԾȴ벻ͨ
ߵ룬;һɾ޴ײĺϣһɰ塣
ֱӲǰ㣬ǰ̫Ŀзһ˿⣬߹ԣ粻ɲĺݺһҶСɾ£ֱұߵײȥ
ǡʵޱȻиƬŵˣֽһֱӶѣҶС缱æת֮׼֮ƿ壬ӶڵȥǣҲ֪ǹɰûʲôãȻ޷ڵ֮
һƬȻֱӾ͵汼ڵĺˮ
ĽѩһҲҶС˺ˮ
ѾڰյҶСһ¶һ˿ЦԼĽѩһ·ĽѩС֣û뵽ղԼһʱżȻ˷ŵĽѩС֣ˣҶСץסĽѩ֣ܱ֤ô͵ĺ˲ᱻɢ
ͨ˵ֱӵӿȵĺС
ϣ˺ܶο͵ľͬʱܶοͰĿͶ˹һЩ˶æźˣЩ˼ȵ绰
Żң̫ӣʧ


72 
ʲô˵ѩҲҶСһŭӣ󾪡
һɽӵѵõʧ̬еĵ绰ôµģҶ˵Ľѩܳһ⣬㿴ڡƻĹؼ˶ˣôִȥأ
йһᣬƽϽںӵͺ߿ܲȣһ˿ϣĵҪ֪ŭӣˮӿȣˮƺףһȥûĿܣοǳڣˮƸףлм񰵽ӽĿܡ
ŭģǣӰ쵽ķֳҲûгʲô£ȥ˭ĵľ滤иְĽʵ˾Ȼˡ
ҵ绰ıĿ£˫ֽգеֻȻΣһ˭Ҳ֪Ȼ˸ߵΪȻȲҶСˣҲںҡ
ҶС硣ͳһһִĿ¡
Ĭãˣߵͷеǰ绰һ룬֣ˣѩǸСӵŭӣûлĿܡ
󣬵绰ǱһĬС󲻹ʲô飬ûʧܹΨҶСһ£μƻʧܣڻôĻҲ֪ԼϰֻԼĴ
Ƭ̺󣬵绰һͷ赭ĵֽŸɾû
ʲôûУЩ˶ǿɿ֮ˡԼϰûзġ
΢΢̾һһתĳص㻹̫ˣҪ֪ûв͸ǽҪֻǸСӵŭӣԣռҵǸСѾͷҲȥˣռôѱ鴦ʲô˿ԡ֪ôˣ
֪ˣµˣһŹİɣһ׵ġз
ˣ»ɣһЩһҪǸϼһ﷢ʲôǿɾͲˣһϵ㣬ϽһԺһҪ˼еĺҪãǳʲôҲԴӦԡ
ǣ֣֪ˡѩѾˣǸƻô죿
ӳ飬ο˭ܱ֤Ǿһأ
һҲȷܡ
´ƵУһͬѧһŻŵܵĿͷſڣʦˣˣҶСͬѧĽѩͬѧŭˡ
ڷеĶ󣬸Ͻţ˵ʲôˣ
λͬѧԼϽ˵˶ʱܶͬѧӿͷ˳Χ˹£һʱ䣬ܶͬѧɫ
󣬶ͬѧǸԻصԼĿͷУҽûñȥⷢʲô⣬һߴ绰һθĸУĿͷȥ
й֣Уֳҹϣֳһͺ־ǿЩƣǷһ̾ŷǧȻҲС
εǶ֪˰ɣն³ıŮһһͬѧŭˣһͬѧԵ޹ʧˣ⼸참ϣ֪ͬ־Ƕ࣬ΪǵְҲϧӳһɰİ̾ȥ죬ҵǵĺϢӳҸֱʮؾȥһҪҰҵҪҪʬɢᡣ
˵꣬е˶˳ȥ
ŷǧһһϽһֱ塣
ǧΣɵðңǸ쵰ô͵ŭȥˣǻ鷳ᰵ
¹ûô򵥡ŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ
ϺһصĺԺУһλװһϣǰһװӵı棬бų⡣
ðȻ۸ͷˣκӣֱҰѩǸСҵ߳صص
ǣ׳Ӿһתߡ
ߣ۸Ǽѩ˭ҶҪۡǺ⣬һѪ֮ӿ
ȿȿȡһͣ˳̾һˣˡ
׳ڻӲʡһʮŮӵ
Сοˣҵ˽⣬Ҳ֪ѩܲӹһ١ǵ֮ɫ


73 Ϊͻ
ҶСĽѩŭʱǿļˣҶСҧǹɰƻץסĽѩ֣ſ֪һſĽѩϾûĿˣֻҪ˻һ𣬾лᣬΪϾҶС񹦡
ҶСڼĽѩĻУ屻ʯײˣźˮüҶСӶײ˼Ӳʯϣ֪˶ٿѪ
ģô£ôһؼʱ̾ͳ˲ӣҶС
˵Ҫ񹦣ڻԭǸԸСµҶС硣
СС磬ſңҪȻڵĺĽѩѵĶҶС˵꣬ĺںˮ
УҲܷſ㣬ԺҪҵţҪǷˣҾûˣȿȿȡҶСһЦ˵³һѪ
ҶСĻĽѩк𣬲ȴ˿ʹࡣ
ûлӡܿĻһܿĽѩĿȻ
£ڣһĺúõأĽѩǶܻţҵźòãҶС缷˼ǳ˫Ŀ˦˦ͷ׼ˮ档
ãС磬ҡҲˣ㻹ǷҰɣԼߡĽѩЩģˣ˵ĻЩʲ⡣
ĽѩһŵġҶСϽο˵ţһˮ
ˮ̵ģѾ˴󺣣ҶСе
ȻѾ˴󺣣ǣ˵ٶȻûͣǹɼԶȥĽѩȥǣ֪ôģȫ͸֧һ㡣
ҶСһ󾪺ûлţ˿ĽѩѾ˫Ŀ֪ĽѩѾˣҪٲʱȥǾûˡ
ʲô񹦣˵ʲô꣬ɾͲ֮ƨڶûˣʲôҶС޺޵뵽ģҪ㣬ôôǱ
УܾȥΪԵʣڻܳһʱ䣬ǣĽѩôŵסأҶС罹һҧסĽѩ촽һ
ʱͻȻߺˮЩ⣬һһȻǰҶС֮ɫ
ǰȷӻҪߴ󼸷֣Ȼ䣬ߵĺˮͻȻӿǸſȻҪͣһڰȥŻкˮһЩСȺ
źˮ˹ڣҶСطȳҺ壬ģǻа˵໰ҶСһ̼䣬Ҳ˳
ô죬ô죬ҶСкǽڵ֮չòˣڣһ
Ҫʱ̣ǹٲһ˿˿ȫתΪ֮ˣҶС罹£һ˿ڱˡ
䡣һڵһ谭ͱˣоԼضһ˿˿ϵһ̣Ժгһ徭ͼ¼֮ˣǸͼ¼Զת
ʱҶС磬ܿںܶˮƮˣָɫͷ׵ЩԶҶСǧë׽룬;е֮ںһԭڵ̬֮ڱҺ̬ȻС˺ܶ࣬京̶ȣ֮ǰ˼ʮֹ
ͥһ޼ʵľͻȻ䲨ӿ˾޴磬Щѹ󲻶һСľ壬ΪṹɢѤĹâѱʶһǿ
һ̣ҶС粻ھϴﵽƿؾһΪѧҲﵽһ죬иϸٶȼӿ죬άǿӣܶӣѪҺʺޱȣﵽ쾳磬̥һΡ
ʱҶСûʱھڵı仯ԵĽѩ˻У鿴һ£ֻϽһ
ĿһǳһһȭһѤĹâȭͷϳЩȳҺֱӱƿƲһƿֻ޵壬ϳһ󶴡
һҽӹ޵ĿзҶСûԥٺһȭǸɢ˴һСһҶС㱧Ľѩӹڳ˳
ãһҶСڳ˺棬һ˦˦ʪͷ˿ܣЦһ¡
ʱѾ½ˣ涼һ޼ʵĴ󺣡
ţʲôһСڵҶСҰУĿСϲãת񹦣ӾǸСȥ


74 ŷǧǻ
ʲôƾƵ꣬Ȼ豸ỵҲ֪ôƵġ´Ƶ߳᰾ʹ
¿˵ѶȣҲ֪ҵǸСûУᰵɫЩǡ
Ťͷһһװ̫ɡŷǧü˼ʲô
ѵʲôֲɣ뵽ŷǧ֪ģŷǧڼʬ⣬ڰ참ϸ緢߼ǿЩ참ʮ̾Ȳ־ֻڼ
ŷǧʵǧǲǷʲôˣ
˿ᰣٳ˼һᣬ˵һѧö˶˵ô޹ʧأһǱ˲кˣǱ˰ˣԼˣ˵ԼˣΪʲôҪܣԭɾǱ˰ˣĸĸֻһнײˣοҲû˴绰ֻǱ˲кˡ
ΪʲôҪ˲кأʵͻȻĿһѵг𣿡
ֻһ棬Ҳпõ˲õصĶ˲Ķŷǧһ˿ĪĹâ֪ղľע⵽ûЩϺۣ
ע⵽ˣôˣЩɻʵ
ЩϺľϻЩľʼöҲûи࣬ʹټҲţ˱ȥ˵ҶСּã˵ӲҲǿͨˣҹƶᷴϣһײ϶ȥ
˵ǸСǱ˺ģ
ŷǧ˵ͷ˵ǸʧٵŮĽѩͬѧĹϵܺã֮᲻ʲôϵأ
˵ţüͷ
ʱ򣬷ᰵĵ绰ˣ˵绰Ƭ̺󣬹ҵ˵绰һŤͷŷǧǧǵǼߴͽʬɣһˣһѧĴͳǸСӴſˣ͵ɳû뵽ɳȴըˡ
ѧŷǧЦЦҲܲ򵥡
ȷ򵥣ѧжǮ٣ҿ֮ⲻھơ
ǸҶСѧܲ򵥣ҿ͸
ôܸȤĿŷǧ
ȷЩȤҵĸоءŷǧзűĹâ
أߣһǻߵûĵ
⻰ŷǧ۾һ˲ȴЩȻæʵղ˵ʲô
˵һǻߵôˣ᰺ɻĿŷǧ
ԣһ䣬֪һ˵йϵ룬һѧĳΪʲôҪ٣ղ˵֮ⲻھƣǵĿܿǳϵĳ˻ҶС类ľţƶϳǵĿҶС磬ȻҲɺϣϿлͬѧ֮ԻʧٿҪҶС粻ԷˣɱڣһһߣͿؽЩˡŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ
ò˵ŷǧǻ۽һЩͰµİ˾Ųʮ
˼һᣬʵô˵ôɳ̲Ǿʬôأ
֪ǸɣŷǧҲһ˿ɻ
ŶˣղŽ̾绰ҰһЩѧͽٵḷ̌ȥʡᰵ
ַ´Ƶꡣ
壬ŭӱߣٻӰվںӱߣϵĺˮĻ𱬵İޱ΢΢̾һ㣬˵᲻£
֪ɫӵĿźˮ֪Щʲô
ãã޼ʵĺϣҶС籧Ľѩ̤СĽѩһʯϣһڵˡ
˼ϽĿͶĽѩзһ˿֮ɫһְĽѩزнİ˰
ȿȿȡĽѩ˼ˮû˷Ӧ
Ҳûʲô⣬̫ˡҶС
Ƭ̺Ľѩԣϸĸڵ
ھ֮ǰ֪ΧҲַԲɣ֮ɱȻ˵㣬ȴǰʮϲҶСĵ
ţң֮ãףһЩս飬ҶСԺжһЩϢ
Ƭ̺ҶС˫ۣǾϲ֮ɫͻƵ쾳磬һս˼ʮ
쾳سϣÿһÿһʽ̺ص񹦣ڸûô̺صأҶС
˻ھɣ񹦴ô϶Щ֮
룬ҶС˫ָһѤĹâ̶ָͬһ㣬ʹ̴µľʯ쾳壿ҶСüĿһ˿ϲɫ


75 Ľѩ
ӳһοĵ˵ʱ龰Ƭ˸մӶķ߳С˹żƬ
˿ܣᰵﲻ˵ĵطȥĵط
Ƭ̺һɳ̲һ̫ɡ£᰺ŷǧϣùСеļƬ
һҶСĽѩ˸տҪʱƬڶǣҶСײľϵ˲䣬һҶСҲĽѩеƬ
ϸĿ˺ܾãָƬһɫ̫ӵǧˣ˸ߵҶСʱҶСײ˻ϣһˡ
Ŀ˷ܵĹâץסˣһץסߣ˳ϣ⼸𰸼ƾܸơ
ᰣˡŷǧָҶСһˣ㿴ƬҶС˺УȴȻǰȫͨ˵ϰߡ
ľЩԶƬЩģСοҪƬûУᰵ
ҪˣѾؾˡС˵
ãþ˵ƬŴԭȻˡ˼һ
Ƕӳ
Сߺŷǧ΢΢ҡҡͷҹƺѰҵˣûв´ĻĿǰѾ⵽˲ңϾԷһǱڵв档
˵Ǹôʲôطأüͷ
Էܣۣҵһ㣬Ϊ֮ӦҵҶСĽѩͬѧһҶСıЩ˽ԹǿԴⷽ֡ŷǧüĿҲЩأ𰸼ҲЩ񣬲ȴһս
ĵϣҶСٶȿ磬󶼳һЩӰƬ̺ȻͣңеѧȻѲںһ𣬲ڲ˵ڶ㣬Ӱ֪ʲôʱھءҶС
ͻȻҶСǸоʲôһĽѩԣЦĿ͵ҵŰɣҶС뵽
ʱĽѩؽë˶Ȼ˫ĿЩãȻС磬𣿡
ҡ
أС磬ԲҺ㣬ҪңҲĽѩͻȻ
ҶСЦǶûˡ
ѵûĽѩ̧ͷ
Ȼ۾֤㿴ҶСǹҳһ˿Ц
գһ´۾Ľѩ˵ͷԹԵı˫ۡ
ҶСٺһЦĵǺûᣬĽѩֱĴ˱һᣬȻҧһ£뿪
쵰åҪҧңĽѩҶС
֤ǻšҶС޹ĵȴֿ˻εĸоϴεĲ̫һεĸӴ̼
㡭Ͳñķ֤𣿡ĽѩǲĵҶСһۣСȴǸͨˡ
ҶСЦĿĽѩСȭͷĴҶСţŵҶСϽס˻Ҫǻ˺ĽѩǿɾͲˡ
һҶСץסȭͷĽѩӵԼĻ
ſңåҪʲôĽѩߵţôѡ
оĽѩûʲôҶСпϲĽѩߴһĽѩûһ㣬ûĿҶСϡ
ĽѩɻǵǵʱӦҵ£
ĽѩɫЩţŴ۶ҶС磬ҴӦʲô£
ǴӦңܻţҵţô˰ɣҶС
У˭Ӧ㡣ĽѩҶСһ۵ϲ˺Σջ֮
֪Ľѩڻش𣬲᲻ݴҶСװһȻӣ֪䲻㣬ǺŴС㣬ֻһũĶӡ
˵꣬Ľѩӻƿ
ҶСı飬ĽѩĶҪ޳ˣҶСҶС磬ģҴûо䲻ңڻС̸ЩЩ磬ϲңԺ͡ͼ޸㡣˵⻰Ľѩͷˣô˵ĻĽѩɬ
ģ̫ˣԺҵţڵҵŮôҶСһЦ
Ľѩ̧ͷҶСеĨ֮ɫصðҶС磬㾹Ȼƭҡ˵žҪҶС绳վ
ҶСֱӱĽѩվ𣬹ЦƬ̰ĽѩڶҵŮˣܲһ£
УڻŮѣڻڴ׶ΣҺõĻҾ͵ŮѣҲãҾ㡣Ľѩһ


76 
ףС磬˿ܣǰһ޼ʵĴ󺣣ǰʯɽ֣ӡУʵڲ֪
һСҶСЩεĵ֪½жԶҲֲ巽ǵֻòˡ
ѵǾҪĽѩʵЩȻ
˿ΧҶС˵ͷĿǰҲֻڴ˴ˣĽѩѵﲻãɽˮСϣѧЩڴˣҴ棬֯ٸһСޣ񲻿գ
˭Сˣ治ҪĽѩҶСһۣҶСһЦ֮˵Ľѩ˺ܶࡣ
һ±ĽѩһţƬ֣־ȻŸɫƣˣմǧ쳾֮мȻڵȻڵûвӦóô˻һҵսʼձ۷״̬ҶС
ĽѩҲ벻Сȥ濴ҶС罨
ҰޣǲﰲȫĽѩü˵
ģҵʵԸЩҰ޻⡣
ҶС綼˵ˣĽѩҲֻõͷӦ
ս֣ҶСͿе֮ȸղԶʱҪö࣬ЩһҶСһ㣬ҶСȥ
֮ڵϢʹҲԶתתٶܱʱԲһܵڵʵҶС΢΢һһѤĹֱУʲô֮Ķ˺Ľѩ
ѤĹ֣Ľѩзı飬ʵڲҶСôһ
һ׼Ľѩȴֵסˣ߱ɵĹ˺飬ѪɽĽѩһ
Ľѩ΢΢׵СҶСմֻ֣ģƯĹڣЩǲ˺ġ
һᣬĽѩŻָ˹ЩƤָ֣˴ֺһƤһָΣͦģڴĽѩϺѵõ¶Цݡ
С磬ƯôģĽѩʵ
ȻԼϲҲһǸҲ޷Ǳ˾ԲܸߣҪǴ˳ȥԼĻʧȥɣҶС뵽
ڵĶų󣬱ɵģҶС͵
ôôѵС˵˵ЩֵָĽѩǺȤ֮ɫ
Ҳ࣬ʵ绹С˵˵Щָֻ֣ǻϲٳ߶ʹУͨҲ˵ţҶСһӣһŲӵĹâɳһŹϣһ첲һϸ֦㱻ն
ĽѩĿɿڴƬ̺󣬻ָ˹ٴʵС磬ѵҲһָ֣
֣Ǻǣֻ˵ǲ񼶱ĸ֣˵Щ֣һ֣ͿɶϽӣɽ
벻ѧҶСʵ
ѧ𣿡ĽѩЩʵ
ȻܣֻҪѧ㲻Ҫ˵ȥ˭˵ҲҪ˵һ书˵ҶСɫصص
Ľѩᶨĵ˵ͷ
Ȼȥҽ㣬ҪȻҳɾ˲֮ȴҶȥ˵ҵôõţҶСЦŵ
ĽѩҶСһۣû˵Ƭ̺ĽѩһǵصС磬Ҫһ𣿡
Ȼˣһʱ䣬Ƿľ촬Ϳ뿪ˣôˣҶС翴ĽѩɫƺЩԡ
ûʲôҲ֪ҵûУŶˣС磬ЩʲôˣΪʲôҪȥ
㵱ʱҲˣǺǡ
ô㻹׼Ľѩɫһ
ԲĽѩҪңҲŭӣҲͲøܿˡһתҶСɫεص
С磬Ǳߵģ治ŭӡĽѩһֻֻסҶС۰ο
ͻȻ䣬һӰӲһ⻪ѪɽǵӰֱӱֳߡ
ʱĽѩſʲôһֻһͷţҪĻֻѾҶСһƳ롣
ĽѩһҶСĿСǡ
Ž룬ľԽԽߴҶԽԽŨܣգ·ƻ裬żһЩ߲£˺ĿҶĻ壬ĽѩǾкѹ֣еҪʱһȵСڣŸо˺ܶࡣ
ҶСĿᡣ


77 һ
Ҳ֪˶ãһ·ҶСնɱҰ޲ʮֻŤͷһĽѩСܽıƽȴԾɿЩ԰ס
˵Ľ룬ľϡ࣬һ峺׵ĺ˵ǰǺҲֻһңУȺСϺشأϻżһꡣ
ˮһ꣬ҶСɫһϲһ˱ȥлˣȻŭӣʱ֣˻һڷҲûгԣˮϼȻƮһ꣬ôһ˵ϻӡ
峺ˮһĽѩ۾һ׼ҶСĴСϪȥ
ŮӶȽϰǺˮζô峺ĺȻϴһ
𼱣ȥοҶСס
˵ͷĽѩ㱻ҶСźȥ
Լ˰˰׵ľ룬һƬһֳ˵ҰС
ӿ˽ŲƬ̣˱̤Ƭһ֡
ǳɫ裬һأ̳һȻ̺Ⱥ׷Ϸϣһ䣬ӿſţ¼Ϊء
ֻл֮ʵǴȻĹɣһӳӣӳһΥ˴ȻĹɡ
续ľ˶һʧһ䣬˾ͻָ˹
ȥϴһ£㲻Ҫ͵ĽѩҶС
ҶСĵ˵ͷ
峺ĺǡƬһ֣Ľѩ첽źȥţʱʱҶСûиҶСһЦ
ںѰҵһʵĵطһߺˮ׶ƽľʯʺϴĽѩ˿תͷҶС绹ڿߣҶСһۣҸʲôתȥ
ҶСƵתͷ˿ϵӣ־ժһţĿû뵽ӻеתһ㶣ֻֻʣһСԴ߷˶·
ٶȻ죬ҶСĵ
ҶСתͷĽѩЩĿҶСһۡ
ҶСǷһ˿Цݣֱ˹ȥ
ҪʲôĽѩ˫ֻزЩµص
˵ǹйŮĻܸʲôʱҶСѾ˹Цŵ
С磬ҡԺͲˡĽѩһӿҶС硣
ҾͲңֻҪռ˱˾Уο˵ĻĵϣֻˣҾͲ㻹ܲңҶС翴Ľѩˮ峺ޱȣĽѩˮף޳Բ˫ȣȫɼ
ҶСǳĿ⣬֪ҶС粻ˣﻹЩ£ҶС磬òã
ĽѩЩ֮ɫĿ⣬ҶС֪Ц̫ܿˣװһܺͿӵĽѩʲôֻ·ϴһ£·ϻһЩζòҸʲôɣǲܾġ
ҶСЦ⡣
֪ԼҶСƭˣҧݺݵصҶСһۣͻȻ۾һٵҶСһˮ
һץĽѩ·ҶСϽȥ
ҶСǱӣĽѩЦ
ĽѩǸ󣬹ͻȻһ˹ˡ
ĽѩͷһղֻŸҶСϪˮ˻סԼǰû뵽һӱ¶ˣϽŵıסǰʱҶСѾԶˡ
쵰å˿ߵıӰݺݵҧͻȻ䣬ĽѩʲôĵС磬ҵ·ҵ·ҪϴԼͿϴ
ǣҶСװûֱͨȥϴԼǸȳζкˮζ
ҶСûдĽѩˣ滹ҵ¡
Ƭ̺ҶСĽѩ·һһֿ׼ϴףС㣬ǰɫģǺǣοһĽѩݺݵĵԼЦһ£ϴ·
˴ʮӵʱ䣬ҶСֱӴӺһԾһתȫð˰ɫƬ̼䣬ˣĽѩ·Ƭ̼Ҳˡ
һâס·һӶ·׼ȷޱȵķɵĽѩǰĺӱߣҶСǰȥƬ̺Ľѩ·˹ҶСһۣŽŲһҶС硣
ǺǣҶСһЦָſеĻ꣬ÿ𣿡

Ľѩ֣һƬһƮƣһգһһõЦݣе벻춼һɨա
Ųһϣ׷ſзĺֵһֻ飬ҶСһһӱסĽѩûԹԵĿҶСļ
ҶСһڶһ˾£Χ˷裬˵ҸЦݣһܹ㡣


78 ľ
һ£ӵһ˵ķҡ衣
£뵵ѤĹâƬһԵʥ͡˼һ龻
ĽѩĽë˶˫ҶС绳˿չһȵˡ
˯ÿɺãҶСҲվЦŵ
Ľѩ˵ͷˣͲܵʲô䡣
С磬ѵҪһӴﲻɣĽѩʵ
ǵģô㲻Ը⣿ҶС練ʵ
ǣֻڻʱ򡣡
ʲôʱʱ򣿡ҶСЦŵ
΢΢˼һĽѩǳ󡣡
ҶСһЦߣĽѩȥߣŻȥѰǵһĿꡣ
ΪʲôǾͲһֻȥĽѩͷʵ
촬ҶСǺһЦ͵ޱ޼ʣ򶼷ֲôȥأοҲ֪½жԶ˭ֱ֪б꣬һ˺ǾɼˣǶܻš
Ľѩ˵ͷ
ҶСӣץˣٶȵﺣߣҪȻʹǵҲ֪Ǿڵϡ
ĽѩɵſҶСıϻĲӡ
ˡҶСĽѩ޳˫ȣңһǰȥ
˴УҶС֦ǰſҶС米ϵĽѩźķߵľٺˣİСҶСůǺܿıϣһƬۡ
Լˣһӵʱ䣬ڳ˴֣˺ߣҶС绺Ľѩһᣬһָһ
˵꣬˫ۣת񹦣һ·Ͽңʹϵ֮Ҳ벻
ҶСЩ԰׵Ľѩ۵һƬĿҶС硣
ӺҶС˫ۣĽѩһЦˣ㵣ˣǺǡ
ĽѩûлشСţٵҶСһ£Ȼĵͷ
ʪĵطҶСЦЦ˿ֱסĽѩһڲʱҪϽŻ𣬱Ͼõʱ䣬ǣϣ˶Щۣûٻɳ̲οоɫȵȶȽϺá
Ľѩһ㡣ҶСĽѩԶһЩ
Ľѩ˺ɶ࣬ҶС˫Ŀһһ貵ĹâҶСзҶСĿһͷӡ
λһĸӣҶСͻ룬֪еܷ븫ͷУ˵ɾ͸ɣǿľٿΧռе븫ͷУûʲôⷢҶСһϲ֪ɹˣ룬ͷЩʵˡ
ơҶСһһԾֱ£ˮͰһߴϸֱ֦ӱ¡
һͿһѣҶСͣЩ֦ȫ˺ߵʯϣְЩ֦һҵĲ𣬸һк󣬸Ľѩһк˴УȥһЩɿݵϸ
ʮ䣬ͱһϸѧŹľȡƬ̼䣬˻棬ȼյԽԽ֦ͣһֱȼյľСͻɽһͣ
ˣţϣܷǡߵĽѩǰ
ҶСŻѵʱУԷ԰һرıУһλȹ󷽵ٸڿĴ߹߹ȥǵ֮ɫ
ᣬͱ߹߹ȥˣ𣿡ɳϣһӷеĲ豭
ԣѩ֪㵹ãеƷŲ裬һ㶼ġЩ˵
˭˵ҲˣѩҲҵŮܲ𣿡˵ٴκһڲ裬ϸ۲ĻȲƵʼߣҲ˵еĲѡ
һûսԣԹ߹߹ȥ
壬ɳ̲ϣɫص˼ţߵŷǧͬɫء
һˣûҵˣҲ֪ô̾һŤͷ˿ŷǧԾһ˼ʵǧʲôأ
ҶС׵˭ŷǧüͷ
ҶСǶĸũųĸĸˣôֻԼˣˣǰԸųС£ҹƧϲ˽ȴͻȻԸ䣬һɸòйء˵
Ը䣬ǵ鲻ֻ֪ô£˵ǺŮѷֺԸãŮѵкìܣζִܣòΪᰣԵһٵһҶСΪʲôˣЩҪ
ᰵ˵ͷ


79 Ѱҵ
ӳߵݲˣAʡԶＯŵĶ³ı̸ҶСʱС˹˵
ԶＯŶ³ûвΪʲô壿üͷһʵ
˵ıҪȥΣӼʱ䡣С˵
û˵һǴˣ
һˡ
΢΢˼һᣬʵûвϣ
СҡҡͷûУ˺ʧһ
˶üͷлͬѧҲûҵ
ûС
С顣
ǣӳ
Сߺ󣬷ص̾һһͷʹ
ؼҵҶСֻҵ˻пһ죬ҪȻ⼸𰸼нչŷǧҲЩΡ
תۼ䣬Ѿ죬һеͬѧѾϿˣ̸һ¡
֣Ƕ˻ûҵˣҶСѾˡĴڣʵϴһ˿ϲɫ
ûһ̶Ҫ½ۣʱһЩС¾ͻˤúܲҡһзε赭ĵ
ǣ֣Ҽסˣ֣֪Ǽµȫˣʵ
˵ͷɫЩϧĳĵҸ˵ܶΣɴ߲СڣЩ˲ܷŹɱһҲԷŹһɵˣҪȻһ鵽ǣ⼸ʮѪɾͰ׷ˡ
֪ˣ֡һᶨ
ı飬ĵ˵ͷ
ҹɫãǵ㣬һֱҹƣѲţֱڣװֳǹеľ˱ֱУÿ˵϶Щƣ֮ɫ
ų춼ûҵҪҵʲôʱ򣿡һԼʮСʵ
ʲôʱóʲôʱ򡣡ųĿһС
ףų쿴л⡣һԶѲӵС
ųɫһϲӹԶһȻһڰҹＫΪۡ
ϽʻԱüʻԱ
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΢΢˼һᣬųǲǶҪȥ˵Ǳˡ
ĵϣڻԣĽѩҶС绳аĿϵǳ
С磬ˣôû˷ǣĽѩЩεĵ
ֻҪȥһеģʵڲǾһ취ľ촬ֻϣǵûô
˼ںߣ˺Ȫˮ˳˿еӣҶСٶҲò˶೤ʱ䡣
С磬⼸һֵʱ⣬лл㡣ĽѩҶСĵ
лʲôҵŮѣÿӦġҶС˵һƬ顣
ǰֻޱĽѩͬǶȴһ˼ûУһޱһԱ˵Ľѩһֻ죬ôҶС󡶼磬󡻹Ҷҡ
Ժޱֺ󣬻Եɺ񹦣ǹɼǿƽ֮ı˳湦֮֮Ҳ˵ɺ쳾֮ЩۺһԸ䡣
Ľѩദ󣬲ŸĽѩĵεΣнľ
ĽѩĽҶС罥ڻĵϣЩµҲѾĽҶС磬Ľѩϵı˫ۡ
ˣٽˣҶСĽѩĽۺ촽׹ػЩ裬˻˵ֺĽѩĳҶСһҲĽѩȹС
ƾ쵽֣ĽѩסҶСĻֻ֣ܵסڣóԸסĽѩĻԲǿҵĴ̼Ľѩȫһϸૡ
С磬ˡͻȻ䣬Ľѩͷ΢΢˵촽˿
ôأˡҶС˵Ľѩȥ
֪ĽѩסŤͷֿеƹҫкķֱתʱ
Ľѩ˷ܵĵС磬쿴˾ˡ
Ľѩ֮ǰҶС綼쵽ˣֻǵʱڹؼʱ̣˵ֻĽѩЦ
ʵϽȡоԼĻԲٴϮһ£Ľѩһ
ҶСջ֣ţվѣöԷǡ


80 
ųˣ֪ǲҪҵˡһλӵ
ϸ۲һĵƣܲܽ䣿ų侲ص
ǣųһȫװľԶŻ⣬۲Χĵơ
ųҷʮ֮ƽ̹Խ䡣Ƭ̺˵
ųڼʻԱԣָŷɻ䡣
С磬ɻˣ뿪ˡĽѩǻı顣
ҲãһЩҲõʱˡҶС˵Ŀһ˿⡣
ԱŭӺҶСûʲôҪɱԼҪȥˣòЩ⣬ҪȻһǱڵвʱߣ˭ʳѰ
ʲô鵽˽ʱǲЩײ˺ˣĽѩɻʵ
ûʲô£ǺǣͱˡҶСЦŵ
ԣµģ㻹ҲɣΪŮѣ͸ҡĽѩĶҶС
Ľѩ۾ҶСһΣðɣ׼ȥҪЩҲ˾ҪȻԺ󻹲֪ʲô¡
Сĵ㣬ʲô˵⣬͸˵ܸһЩġĽѩᶨĵ
õġҶС˵
ʱֱѾ䣬ȼͬɽһСĲѣǿҵķ紵û䣬ҶСϽǰһȻסĽѩСһѾԶ˻Ѹ
ڣֱȵͣһյϣֹͣתƬ̺װľĿֱҶСĽѩС˹ȥ
С㣿ų˺ʵ
ǵģллòȻǻ֪ʲôʱ뿪ĽѩǸмص
ĽѩԼС㣬һϲãѰңҵԪ˧Ů¿ɾ˴󹦣ôܲˡ
С㣬λСֵܣϷɻųǿصɫΪʹҵˣһ㲲ǣֻ·Щ飬ûһǱӣǺ촽ܿ˺񻹹ͦģ⾪ȣѵ˵ôǿҰ뵽
ʱҶСĽѩѾߵֱǰ˻׼ҶСĽѩȥ֪ҶСһĽѩСһֱһĿɿڴ
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СĽѩ붼ûͻش
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ǺǣôǲǺܲ᣿ҶСһЦ
ǸһֺƯƽ˸екܰĽѩ֮ɫ
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ֱϣ˿ǴΣ㿴ңҿ㣬ٺֱЦ
ųȥˣһ£ҶСʵСֵܣôܵôԶĺϣ
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ҶС˵ĺܼ򵥣ĽѩܸоеգҶСĿ顣
ҶСĻһҪǷκһϹ綼ʧȥҶС۹ǲͬˣľȺѪжҶСղ˵ѡ
ãСֵܣѣˡųˬһЦҶСһֵ
ҶСҲ˹ȥЦСҶСܸʶλ
ʹһҶС֣סһְһ㣬Ǿȡ
ֱзȥʱԷ԰һڣڻɳϵսԽһ绰ɫһϲ¥ϺһᣬˣĽѩѾðɵҵˡ
⡣һ󼱴ٵĽŲ¥ϴǼɫԣĽѩѾҵˣ
Ѿ·ˡս˵󣬷еֻĺһڲ衣


81 ҶСĶ
壬´Ƶ꣬С첽ߵᰵķſڡ
ˡһš
ڣᰵ
ţַ᰺ŷǧĲɵɳϿŵӣҲǣʱˣ⼸𰸼һչûУ˺ǿգܣŷǧȺϸ緢κɸΪ֮ûʵΪݣƶҲֻƾ
ӳϢղն³绰˵СѾþˣڷ;ССϲɫ˵
ʲôǵþˣ󣬷ЩվЩ˼һ˲˻ǧ꣬Ҿ֪ǸСûô
ŷǧŷЦЦ֪һҶС綼ǵ춹ġ
ᰣǣŷǧϲõĿ⣬ĽѩҶС簲ȫĻع飬ڰһչкܴİ
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ʱ˿ˣһЦ⣬СֵܣҿֻԣҪҪԺ󿼴ѧУ
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ЩϧҡҡͷΪҶСֳУȻپһѵһһõǰ;ϧҶСȴǲԸ
һɵıУɫݻƤɳϵЩһۻڸ˵ĿſսƬ裬֣ҶСǻŻˡ
Ƭ̺ŵʵ׼ô죿
ԥһ£зźɱ
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ԭļƻУʲôֶ㶼ҪҵõռǸѾͷֻǲܾ潻ǸСӣұQһʱ䣬˺ʰʹ¶ˣҲ鲻ͷϡһ˳̬֮
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ܴʱͷϣֱ¡¡죬ԾվţĿбӣһ֪ϸѵء
Ƭ̼䣬ҶСֱ䣬Ԥž޴У
̴ֱ˳һ˹ųһܱСӣû˺ܶࡣ˷ֿٺǺһЦ
һ֪ˡ
ȷˣҪǻˡпص
ղײգֵ飬һļ
ᣬ㻹ȾҿɲҶȣһ绹Ҫȥ档Цŵ
ãȣԲȵġˬһЦȻתͷĽѩֶŮôҲк
ǵģ׼кǣĽѩЩΪص
ŶˣؼңʡϻԵġǴ֮ɫĿһתҶСһۣѩλͬѧɣһ˲Ű
Ŀ֮̾ɫûҶСʻתһװľ˵Ԫһѩͬѧ
ǣų
С㣬롣һ
ԼһСʱʱ䣬ڵԷ԰


82 ȥĽѩ
Է԰һǰսԷ򸾻һķǽ֮ɫĵȴš
Ƭ̺һֱǰͣһϲãȥ
Ŵ򿪣ҶСĽѩĽѩǵĸĸʱ˹ȥ˵˽ĻУžӨˮ飬ԹԵĽһ衣
ѩ⼸ܿˡһ۰֮ɫĸĽѩͷ
С壬塣ҶС翴ĿսԺһԵĶһЦǹĵ
ҶС磬ҳѩ㣬ܲлЩӶѩչˡս֮ɫЩм
֪˵ŭӣ֮Իܻţȫ˵ҶСһ˵ĹͣԼŮ֪ģͲ߱Щ飬кǸм
ճ٣Ѿȫ͵Ҿ˻ȥʱҶСĽѩ˴ӳսԾһ
ãҾͲˣԪһκʱһһ֣Ԫ˳
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𲻳ϣ˼軹֪˵ǲϲЦʵ
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裬Сģ˼һ涼ǿĽѩĿһ۽ᡣ
ֻ֪ǣֻǣˣôѡ趼֧֣˰ɣС춼ܹҽƿˡĽѩС죬ЦŵȴЩɫ
лл衣ĽѩŽĸ첲ص
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ʱҶСѾսߵ˱һСɵͤУͤʯ˸ˮʯϣվսԵ
С磬ͱ⣬⵱ԼңÿԡսָʯЩˮ
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С磬Ժʲô㣿˵ˣÿοԶȫĵһҲ㲻սʵ
׼һѧһ׬һЩǮҶСǺһЦ
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С磬㿴ʱȷˣͱȥˣǼһпշһѧôȻֻƬ̣ԼҶС̸ͦġ
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83 Ѱ
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ǲˣᰴóСƬݸҶСʵ
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84 Ʋ
΢΢˼һᣬҶСЦһ£˺ܶ࣬ЩпҲ˳۵ˡ
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Ȼкܳ죬ӻҪģʵôôˣ
ǼʰɣҶСЦŵ
ʣ㣬ʲôֵñ˼ʵġû˵
֪ܸоЩм֮ġ˵꣬ҶСĿ˷һۡ
᰸Ҫ˵ʲôʱŷǧһ£ҶСʵѵûмѡҪ㲻еĻ˵˵Ҹ
󣬿ŷǧǾӣҶСһԥŷǧ԰ֳǳɫ˵İ참ǿ
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ҶСĻ˶˳ĬУüͷſܶҶСֵˣȻҶСҲ˼š
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ţлʧٵ죬ǡü豸ˣôɵ£˵Ǹģһǲϰ塣ҶСüͷ˵


85 ޻
ҶСķŷǧĿһҶСƶϣǾȡ
ȷǼҾƵȷʵЩ⣬µĵڶ죬´ƵĸˣҲǸľʧˣڵĸ˵ǸΪ»ؼˣǣǴ绰ϵʱȴζϵϡŷǧһ˿⡣
˵ľҲֻһܣ´ƵܿĳҶСƲ
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㡭ҶС磬֪ô˵ЩΪ㣬ߣǧߣһǰѺĵηΡŭĿһҶС磬ŷǧ˾һﳤȥ
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Բ𣬷٣ǲ֪ǸҲ޻һĵͷҲŵͷ
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ˣεҲǣԺ۾һЩҲ֪ǵĹϵ𣿡ҶСĿбų⣬̽˵ͷ
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޻ĻҶС˹ЩĿˣû뵽Щ˻ͦеģ΢΢˼һᣬзһ˿⣬ߣȥ̵Ǻηʥ
ɫһϲЩҶСڲ̲˳


86 ҶС
Τ֣һƹѤڲװ޵رҹܻڣҹֳĸ߷ڣҲ𱬵ʱ򣬿ǣҹܻȴĹš
ʱҹܻ¥ڣһһ̵һЦĿǰһˣӾΤֵϴ󵶰̣嵥Ŀǻ۹âޱ飬֪Щʲô
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87 ̹˳
ղ˵ҪԹԵĵ̵ģҶС綢ﵭĵȻǺܴ󣬵ȴ˵Ķߣҹܻ˲žûһ˳
⡭⡭⡭ҶСһһ˹һһ֮伫ΪɣŲ˵УҲŽŲĽͨͨš
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ǣǣҸղźͿˣԸ١Ϲ˺飬ͷ˵
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ȻǾңô˵ҵҪǵ£ҲӹһסǾǲ캦֮£ƷҪǱҷ˾Բģ𣿡ҶСʵ
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88 ﳼ
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Ҫάԭ֣˼һᣬҶС翴żʵ
󣬵۾ζΧļֶǺݲ磬ӲƴĻҲֻܾˣװױҲ˵ΤϻʮͷȻûһ˿
ʦҶСĻ˼һ󣬱ҶСɲǺŵģȻѾ϶ΪһԲԶԸΧЩ
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¹ʵģ˵ǰǱҶСľѹȵģôһϲذ׵˶һֵ׷档


89 书
Ը׷١ﾹȻݺĹҶСǰҲһʱҶС似书ǳݣϵȵȶҪûҶСеĵλҪʵ˵ҶСеĵλЩףȫҶСǽ̸һаʽҶСǰ֡
ɣһȺˣţԺҲκ¹򣬳ԼĸĸûУ
סͬ
һˣתǰذףҶСʵǲǾر
˲Լͬĵ˵ͷǳݣ𾪡
˵˵ͷҶС˵˵һҲˮƽǸǿ϶š
˶٣һȷʵ˵˵ܴҲܸӣԹŵǻԴԶֱС˵Щ߱ڵṦɽͨȻûжϾУΪС˵еЩ鹹ģЩʵڵģҲһ书Ҳϸţ˵ҲЩնУһΪĪ⡣
һǲŵӣҶСĳһƣһѤĹâƷֱԶһŻɳɳ˲ķѣʲô޴ѹһ㡣
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ܿһһڿʮӵʱ䣬ҶСûôĿΣԴ׬ǮķǶһһˡ
ѵûǮ·ˣףˣº˵ǵĻѶȡһЩֳϵıѣҪĻ͵øϽչʱЩǮҶС뵽շǳԶ֮ƣ·
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ûҶСشޱ˵ǵãȥ궬Ǹ죬һȥ䣬ҿһ֯ƯΧرϲҲҺϲΧϲ˵ϲֻǾúܺÿҲ˵ϲΪΧֵİٶǮ൱ʮã㵱ʱҵĻЦЦ˵ҿ㲻ϲҪȻ㻹Ҳ֪ôʱͲŮӵģҲŮҪʲôʱÿ֪ѧϰѧϰȻҪҲҪʵĹĹң鲻õʱû˰οҲû۰ѺûУûʲôֱ𣬼ʹ鲻ãҪװܺõӣαߣܹһʶ˺־ǿ֪Ůӻģ鲻õʱҡοңȻ֪ҵԸģҶԸ鿴ıȽأҺܺãҲö౶ȻûҪ뿪뷨һǰҰΪûоҵ˽Կɽϵľ˼Ҿٱˣ̵ĻҪΣҵʱô죬˵˽ԷΥģһҲã֪ҵʱرģݺݵĴһơ
ҶСȷôһ£ʱǻڼ䣬Լڽҵޱ˵һЩ£Լû˵֣ҪȻһ˵Ļģ΢΢̾һǿɬԵ֣˱ǴˣԶҲ޷ٻͷˡ
˺־ǿæ˵ҰֵȽأʹҲҪеܴΣȻԵ޹ʵΪɵðգܹŮѵĻֿܻæΪҰܹȥҾΪ˲ҲܺãҾʹӦҲſĿԭϲֻҵ塣˵ţſžӨ˫Ŀйǻںޣʹ࣬Ƿŭ
ȻɵҲҵģȴϲҵˡޱ滨ѵ¶һ˿Цݡ
ҶСݹһֽޱһ£˵лл㣬˵ô໰ҪǰͲᡣ
һ˿Թ
һʱҶСҲ֪˵ЩʲôĺãһᣬҶСſڵԺʲô飬ңֻҪܹ쵽ģһȥ졣
ллôʱ䣬ϽȥϿΰɣޱ˵
ҶСԥһ£ʵ㣿
һﾲһİɣҲɵµġޱһЦ
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Ǹ¥ޱӰ¶˳ҶСĽѩķһ˿ĽЩɬһ˿Թޡ


94 
걨߽Һ󣬶Ắһ£˻صλϣҶС绹׼Ľѩ飬һ¸ղŷ飬ԼЩ⣬ǶʱʱĿ͵˹ûκεĻᣬ֮
һڿ͸ҶСЩʱʱһڵ¿εʱ䣬ҶСϣЩһ˿ϲ⡣
ʱһȴҶСüҶС磬ҵ칫һˡ
ҶС翴ĽѩһۣεĹԹԸ˶Ŷİ칫ȥ
һ칫ңںҶС˳ֹţһĻЩֵʵΪʲôҪţ
ҶСһ˵һˣƢñˣӰҿΪ롣
Ȼ˵ģ˭֪ô¡
ΪʲôҪ
ҿЩáҶСЦЦ
ȷܿһɵɫڶΧɫ鵱еŭ΢΢ŭ
ô鲻ˣҪ˵ȻСҷ㳭дʮŵʡƽĵĿлЩ棬ҿҶСԼ񹦻ĵģҪȻĻᱻƭ
ֻϻֻϻֻϻܵÿ죬ܵÿ죬һֻû۾һֻûβ֣ͣ֡ʱֻ
ҶСһһЦ˳ҲҿʱûгԷߺˮҪȻʵ벻ᾹȻһͯģöͯҥֻ
쵽ҶСĿ⣬һЦȻ󣬿ҶСһۣĿк¶Ǿζ
绰Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ɫͱúѿ˵ˣҲ֪ôôҺ֮£ֲǲ֪ҪǲԸ⣬뿪
Ѿﵽ쾳ҶС磬ڵ绰дȻܹԷ˵˫ĸĸһ档
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ҶСܴ󣬶Է϶㲻ڿϲ˵ڣٺ٣һ£ҶС뵽ΪʲôԼǺ
֪Ϊʲô˶Ҫˣܸоܲڽһ£к˺ܶࡣ
Сᣬʲôط˭һ𣿡ԷЩ䡣
ŭĿҶС磬΢΢ƽһ飬͵ڰ칫ңղҵһѧ硣
磿˭أԷɲȴ˺ܶ࣬Է᰻ǱȽŵġ
ҶС֪һѻڶǸδԺôûȥ˼Ҳȥ˼
˳򣬷˰칫һ룬ֻӶ˲䣬ͳҶСУ΢΢һ̧֣˶
ᾪһǸǸʱ
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ʲôҶСװһãȻʵ
װˣ㣬ΪʲôԵ޹ʵĴһ£
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Ϸˣ˵ʲôͼĿ⼫ΪҶСжЩë
ҶСҲ֪Լıʵֱ̫ˣһ֪ǹģװɣʾ֭㾫ͻȻԺһ֣Ȼװɾ̹װɣҶС
ʦԲ֪ˣǼڿ϶ҲԡҾ뱨һ£Բ𡣡ҶСͷһ֪˵ӡ
ҶСӣһƤϣһ㡣
ʦôˣǲҸ鷳ˣҶСװʵ
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Բ𣬶ʦҲ֪Ȼδ绰ģԲ𡣡ҶСͷ
ҶСӣкܲζͺԼδЩìܣھҶСһ֣ìܸˣڻ֪ô¡
ķ֮£ҶС˻ֵȻؽҰɣϿʱҪٸЩСˣΪҲ֪˵꣬ݺݵĵҶСһۡ
ǣʦҶС˳ȥٹŵ˲˶ϵıǸӡ
ҸղΪʲôҪôѵֻΪ˱ϿʱԼľ棿뿪İ칫ҺҶСһŽߣһ뵽ѵҿ˶ʦܣҶСҡҡͷĪǲʦһŰײ˱ˣӦģҶСΪղһܺõĽڣİá


95 
ҶС߽ҸϿˣĽѩıҲһиеԣһ⣬ƽıһһ籩ꡣ
Ľѩҡ
С磬ýˣ֪ĽѩȻһЦ
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ҶС绹ڿ㶣ĽѩĵһۣûϽʦˡ
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һڿΣϡͿĻ˹ȥҲ֪ô£ԴԶ񽥽ûȤȻ˵ѧҪ֪˷½ϵĲЬ͡
˾߳ҺҶСתͷĽѩĵʵѩ벻ѧ书
书ǲԺͻĽѩһ˿âʵ
šҶС˵ͷĽѩ书ˣֻһֱ죬ԼͻƵ쾳磬ԺܺðĽѩһʵĻ°빦
õģĽѩ˵ͷʲôʱң
壬ʮżٺʱ𣿡
С룬Ľѩ˵ͷ
壬ʮӣշѧĽѩһ绰ҶСƽСҶС˼Сˣ˳Թʰ꣬Ѿˡ
ҶС˴жʱ˺ܶ࣬ʣڴϣ͸¶һֺƻƻһĳ
׼ûУڴЩŲĽѩҶСʵ
Ľѩ˵ͷȻ̧ͷĿͶҶС磬С磬Ҫ
ȻˣҪˣҪȻһᣬųڵʱͻȫմ·ϡҶСЦĿĽѩ
Ľѩˢһ¾ͺˣݺݵصҶСһۣǲǹģ
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ûãҾתˡ
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ҶСߵߣЬ˴ϣֻ¶һСԴĽѩЦЦװˡ
װˡĽѩҶСһ۵̲̣Ҿͻؼˣ
úúãҽ̣ȰѱȡҰ塣ҶС˵
Ľѩ󣬲ûаѱȡøˣЩŵĿҶС磬ҶС糶˱һ㡣
ĽѩӺҶСεĵֲ壬תȥȻѱÿҾˡ
Ľѩԥһ£ҧ촽ϺĶܼˮתϹñÿ
ģĽѩļʱҶСʮ𾪣Ƥϸ壬⻬ļϻɢŵĹ󣬼ֱͺһ覵Ʒ
࣬ҶС粻һҺĿƶĽѩѹһԲȦ֪ʮ㣬ֲãղŲѱÿԭ·ȫѹˣҶСĽѩһʣ£ֻȴȫѹˡ
С磬ڸʲô㡣ĽѩͺڴߴҶС˺Ů֮¡
˼ˣ̫ˣҪ㣬ڻСҶСǺһЦЩ˫֣Ľѩļϣ⻬У˿˿ȸҶС˫΢΢һ¶ŮƤƮҶСıǿףԶζС
֪ڲʱҶСһǿѹЩ˼룬ת񹦣һҶСֱۣĽѩıУҶСǰպеͼ¼񹦣Ϊչ
ĽѩԸʣܹŮľģֵ伮ֻɾΪ˱֤ԼԺԸҶСֻýĽѩ񹦣ʵ伮ĵȼƷʶһģŮľʹ似ʱ΢һЩϣֵǰæղأлл


96 ҶС
˼룬ڸĹ׵伮񹦡쵽ĽѩңҶСߺȵ
ĽѩסеооһůĹ켣
Լһӵʱ䣬ҶСȫĽѩڵľչһ˵ǰĽѩڵľֻͷ˿ôϸĻѾͬһǱߴϸˣҶСѾΪѾȫչˣһ¾ͽʡĽѩһʱ䡣
ҶСôΪĽѩÿһ֣ʱĽţҶСڵģһռеĺ쳾֮ɫ䣬Ծ벻ɫıò԰ףȫʪ͸ˣĽѩƤϽһǦɫʣĿԽˮ顣
ĽѩڵѾȥĲʱҶС糤һЩĵĽѩˣϽȥϴһ¡
˵գҶС㻺˫ۣʱûȥ͵ĽѩͪˣȫָĵҪ֪ǿǳĺҲҿҶСҪȻڲŸոս쾳ˮƽ겻ɶĽѩĸ죬ڵĻָٶҶСҪһܳʱȫָ
ĽѩŤͷһҶСɫ԰׵ӣкѹĿǵģС磬û°ɣ
ʱҶСȻָУ͸оҶСûлشĽѩиǵˣͻȻǿɰ壬ͷһԼǦɫʣϽܽϴּ䡣
Լ˰Сʱʱ䣬ĽѩϸǵǲʶϴɾˣƿϴּţҶСȻ۾ɵ÷ģղȥļһʱ·ڻӣҶСҪ۾عˣߵ߿ҶСɫɲ԰ףкǵġ
׼ϴ·ʱǡҶС˫ۣҶСĿĽѩǷ۵Ϫȡ
С磬ûˣҶС˫ۣû뵽ԼȿǵҶС硣
ʱĽѩȫ˪ѩһɹ⻪Ƥ֮ߣ֬ļϣ׺žӨ͸Сˮ飬ʪ㷢Ĵ£ȫ͸¶޷ܵջ
ǰǶԻԲֹ̺֮ͦҶСɴ˫ۣ̼Դ壬ֻܷŸּء
ԼʵĻҶС粻ش𣬿ҶСӣһ㶣һ
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û뵽ĽѩôѹĽѩϣҶС
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ʱĽѩ룬ͻȻ䣬һֻֻߣǴ̼΢Ť
ڣҶСƻͦĻԲϣһգĽѩϸһͬʱһֻ첲§סҶСĲӡ
˵Ӷƺںһ𣬽ҶС粻㣬һֻֻ̽£뵽ĽѩĹȵء
ĽѩƱʲô̼һ㣬һָϽסؼλһֻҶС磬С磬Ҫǽòã
ܣʱĽѩԾ룬ȴ˺ܶࡣ
ҶС֪ǿȻ㹻İܹõĽѩĽѩƵĴĽѩĽѩͪ塣
ҶСĿ⣬ĽѩϽñӰԼߺĵͷ
Ľѩôְһߣڿô죿
ʲôô죿Ľѩ̧ͷɻʵϵĺɲϼ
ҶСָָ¡Цš
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һᣬ֪ҶСƣȻСʵ˵ô죿
ҶСĿһǶ־Ľѩ̽ŵָҽ
֣ĽѩɻĿҶС
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97 ˸
Ľѩһ䱸ӣҶСЦһ£֪ҪĽѩ̽һѾǲܵˡ
ڸоôҶСת˻ʵ
ҶСȫ£ĽѩøӾӨ͸ףһĹ⻪Щɬľɫգ˳ѡ
Ľѩһڵı仯һںţǰ˶֪ҶС˵Ǹ΢΢չһѩźǰ׾СԲۣеޱȣһĶ߸ߣеҲ˺ܶ࣬һƻһ󶼻ǳڶĺô
ܵеڶ仯ĽѩһǰõЦݣҶС绹Щ΢΢׵ף飬ǸмĵС磬лл㡣
ҶСЩõĵ֮仹Ҫ˵Ļ
ҶСϱı仯ĽѩЩŵ˵ǣģûеĸ˵ġ
ģҪҵĸĻǾˡҶСָԼ촽һЦ
ĽѩƬΣҧź۵Ľԥһᣬ㡭۾
ҶСϲϽı۾ȴǡ
һ䣬оԼϱһ£ȵġ˿ʪĸоĺ
۾ĽѩߵҶСһЦ˵Ͻ·ϰɣҪȻ˭ˣΪǷʲô
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΢΢̾һԼѾ쾳磬ΧĿռϣǣоԼʻЩ䲻ĽѩӵҶСʵǸй·ûУ
Ľѩ˵ͷ
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ҲǵģȥģĽѩʵ
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˸ճݣͿֿɶվڵȴŵݡ
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Ľѩ£ֿɶҵĸãɶλĽѩǰҶСЦЦ໥ܶԷ
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ŶˣɶСʲô£ҶСʵ
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ҶСĽѩ뿪ıӰֿɶϵЦʧˣЩĽЩԹ
ƽҵ֣ܿЩƾɣЩûȣ̶ֳȴй֮޲ҲǸУ²ռ󲿷֡
ʱѾˣֱǳ緹ʱ䣬ҵϼˡ
ĽѩֲƣĿΧ̯ϵСԣԼߺȵȺиоһ˿ůֵطܺңȴһּҵܰоҵûеġ
ҶСĽѩ˼һСٳһЩ̯ϵʳȻ󣬾ͺĽѩйţĽѩ棬˵á
ٺáҶСĽѩйʱҶСǰǹĵ
ҶС΢΢˵ͷ˿죬붼ǸųºƵˣ˿ĽѩĿʵչô
Ѿͷ·Щ̸ˣֻڸ㶨ͻ׼жһ칧˵
ܺãҵֻ***ºǣҪҴҶС綢˵
ǣ١Ͻóһֻһ㣬Ǽɫ󣬱ҶСֻ
ȥʲôȥʲôɣҶС˵ȻĽѩй䣬;һС⣬͸Ľѩ
ԼһСʱʱ䣬ɫҶС罫Ľѩ͵Է԰ûнȥֱһأ֪ôģԴӺĽѩƽС󣬾;쵽ڸΪ˸Ľѩѧ˼Ԫ̽Щֻ١


98 
ԶֵشƫƧضΣﾭĹҲֻ·ߣһǴԷ԰վĽʯվ;
ҶСԶվ˳һ·ͻᵽһվ㣬ȻһſԻؼҡ
Է԰гкö·ߣǣʮԺ󣬳һ·⣬е·߶ֹͣӪˣûа취ҶСѡ·ߡ
ʱԶվվֻһˣΪǨΣ¥Ʒ׼¹滮˺١
Զֵ·Ը߹ҵ·ƣڳάޣޱȣƹӰԵøء
ͻȻվվƵµҶСĪһ¶ʲôΣҪһ㣬ʶȫչȻŤͷһͨͨСĿбų⡣
˴ӺڰСл߳ڰΪһ壬ʹ˿ǵòûһ˿ԵùޱȣҶСĿһ֣Ǹ֣ʵǰҶС統Ȼ壬ֻΪĽѩԪڵ٣һ죬ӲǾֻ֮˻þҲ֪Щ־ᶨ֮ã֮ɫ
ડߵҶСǰʮʱſĴ˽ŲǽŲƴħӰ˵־ҶС־ᶨӰ졣
ʲôˣҶСʵʵ벻ֹؼʱ򣬾Ȼ˶
û˵һųɫ԰׵ĺˣһԾ𣬺ƺڰеᣬһ⻮Ƴգֱն¡
ҶС۾һ䣬ԷȻǹŽһʮ׿⣬վΧһϷӣûжֵĴ㣬ҶСЩЦֱˣҲãһ鷳
ҶСƿʱԭվλվֱӱն룬վЩ߶¶˳䡣
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ѵ֪ʬҺʬ𣿡ʱһ˵һӡ
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ĳϷһ˿ɵ֮ɫһ°ĿͶҶС磬²ӼΪ죬һ磬ѾҶСǰ̶ֱ
ղһ˲ĽҶСѾжϳԷʵҲںңҲǰûѪɫ֮ǰˮƽǲҴ⣬Ϊ쵽һ˿ΣյϢ
ԹһҶСһĳȵ˳̺ѵһֱӶϳڣһ˵˼Ӳˮ·ϣ˳һӶǽؽǼ˻ûпʱ򣬱ҶСС
ҶСǹҳһ˿Цҽǰһ磬һɾǿƴҶСϱŷн
ܵҶСϵƣɫ䣬뿴Ϸ˼ٶϵƵľŷһּ˵ɱһ֪ڶԷеûϰҲгʮˡ
̬Ůˣſָ޳֮лҪָצҪҶСͳࡣ
һܴſɵĺɫףܿ΢΢ļ⣬ԷȭͷưǰСҶС߳˹߾ȭͷһ㣬
ұһıȽϰСĺˣһֻҵ䵶лУ䵶ĵһԲǡ˶ԷСָͷϣϵתȣߵһµߣȻ˽ֱ֪֮߾̣Ǵ˿ȴ˳棬ٶȼ죬ҶСԾǲ
˵ĹҶС翴УҶСΧκԵĲԣֻϧǵ̴ˡ
ҶСǽؽȻͣͬʱĳӰأΧĿռ䣬ÿһ̺İ֮
ԼĽԼϮǺȻһưжȥ·ˣһҧͷһᣬ΢΢㸶СĴۡ
һѪҺϱһһ˺ۣѪͣʹӣȴûзһ˿ԼĲҽѷġ
顣޴ըΧĿռУ˵屻ķ˳ȥݺݵ˵ϣ˿˿ѪҺֵղأ


99 
ȻһˣҶСû˿ϲõı飬෴ԾɺأΪ쵽Σûйȥƽһ֣ǰǸоģ뵽죬˵ٵȣӼ֣ڵΣܸоһЩ
üͷһۣԣôһǣѵΧɣҶС
˫Ŀй⻪һΧȴʲôҲûз֡
㵽˭䵶ЩСĺǾ֮ɫĿҶСʵ
һݾ䣬ҶСȻһЦ⻰ӦŶԣɱҵѵûиҵ֣
ҶС磿䵶ĺʵ
ҶСЩɷϵĵ˵ͷ˷ʵ˭˭ɱҵģ
ҶСĿ¶⣬ˣǰ̤һ涼ȻŰɫĶ䣬ȴڽ˺ڰУһжôȻһɾ޴Ƴˣ˵ġ
䵶ĺ׵壬ٴһѪɬһЦǵ֡漴ЩмҡҡͷûʸֻǵǷһ飬ǡûеطȥ⼸һֱߣ׸ǮΪ£໥õĹİˡ
˭ҶСǰ߳һʵ
󣬺ЩĿҶСһۣͬѧ־ǿ˵ЦһЦ˵ֻǻһ书ڿ书Ѿǵ֪˾Ͳˡ
õԼҪĴ𰸣ҶС˵ͷں־ǿҪɱһҲ⣬νѵ־ǿԺ־ǿԸǲǲء
óֻǸԲ椴绰ȴ֪ᰵĵ绰ֻװڿڴУ˿ˣһʱҲ֪ô죬ɱˣУǷᣬɱǶҪɱԼԼôԷɱǣһʱҶСкǾᣬĻΪԼǸͨˡ
˿ҶСϱòѣʮͷһһвЩ
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־ǿǿңȻһѻ֣ҶСһˣ˾һϽ˵ǲ֪顣
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Ҫ֪ǿ󡣡Щǵ˵
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100 նɱѻ
ѻתͷҶСһЦĿԼо֣ٶôô죿Īֱӷ˵ģѻ
ܣΪܵ𣿡ҶСۿδδ𡭡첲Ѫ¡
ѻû˵ĿҶСһۣѸٵľ͵һγһ֧֣׼ǹ
ٶȿ죬ҶСٶȸ죬ǹһ˲䣬ͿԼ־ȻԼĸ첲ˣһѪʱҶСѾǰһؽϾȻûմѪɼʱҶСӽٶж졣
û֣ҿôǹҶСЦһʱѻֲŸоʹɫ԰ףסֱۣвֹ
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һŸղ˵ķߣһóֻ110ò˵ιãһ·ӳ
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˵һµַϹ΢΢̾һ˵
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ȥҽԺʲô
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ˣ
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ҶСͷͨʱ˸ִ˵绰˵ƽԶַ˱ըֵļ춼ʶвѰİӷˣϽᰵȸ绰


101 ֮ħ
Ҫɱ˺޹˼ɵ·ߵ̨ϣһԲûߣĿ⼸һԼ׷ɱѻֵʱߣܳҶС⣬ʵҶСҲߣʹˣҶСҲһİհȫҵֻõʱ䳤̵ˡ
ҶСĿҶС磬֪ҶСҪô졣
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ҶСĻɫúѿû뵽һѧȻҲ˲пֶΡ
ôԸ⣿Ǻã֡˵ţǹ쾳ɢҪԿǵ˫˫š
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ԸΪʲô£ߣ˭ŰҶСȴ
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ߣҾ˵ôܣԭ׼ҵơҶС˫ĿɢĹâɨ˼һۡ
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˼һҶСҲԣҶǻЩģֻҪԸ⳨ǵһöӣͿˡ
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ҶСĽͺ󣬼ɫ䣬໥˿ԷĿԥ֮ɫ
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öѤĹҶС˫ĿбųֱˣӶԷüĽ뵽ͥС
һкҶСɫ԰˼֣Ҫ֪Լһ֣Ƕʧһ㣬Ҳúüʱָܻԭˮƽ
ʱҶСȴϲãģҾȻоԼһ㾫ںǵľУܹסǣҶС
ˣʲôҪֹʵҲվһԣжЩɻΪǸ͸оԼʲô쳣вҶСˣȻǶоĶ
Ǽں־ǿ׵ߣѰҺƵ֤ҾͲƻǸ٣⣬־ǿҲʲô֤ݵĻһңһҪǸѡҶС˵
ǵģˣһõġͬ
ˣҶСǵĳƺԼĻеЩ֣ԺǱҴˣҷ١
ǣ󡭡١
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ҶС˵ͷ˿ڻѪĸ첲鷳
̧ͷ˵ųɣҰ͵ƽ۽
ǣ١ֹص˵ͷ
ǰѳƽһ˵ĵطȻҶС˳˻ȥƸȻ׼ҶС罻


102 ټʫ
ƽҵ״һҽԺΪҽԺʱѾʮһˣҽԺгֵҹļʿͿ˵ļ⣬ҽ˰ࡣ
ҶСЩյĿŽϵ˿ڣ˽ȥǲϻãˣһҪҽⲻ
ƿţҶС߽ҽԺĴڣҺŹ̨һʿĴСҽ΢΢һǷչһ֫һ֪ǴУûҵõѧ˽ϽֱӣְҵЦݣҶСʵãҩǿ
ʿ崿ɰӣҶС붺һЦЦʵ˭˵ҽԺһҪҩˣ
СҽŴ۾ʵҽԺʲô
㿴û뵽һžͼһλŮ
Сҽ۵Цһ죬ЩĵҶСһۣ㳤õģģû뵽ȴһå
·쵽Լղŵ̬ЩԣСҽһĵҩĻĵҵĻ뿪ҪȻҾͱˡ
СҽĻҶСЦЦȻԲҸղǺ㿪ЦˣҽԺġ
Сҽ۾ĴģͷŰҶСһɻĵûܵʲô˰
ҶСÿס۵ָָ֣㿴ⲻ˿𣿡
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СҽСʵ˿ôôѪ
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СҽһοҶС磺ûµģֻҪѪ˾ͲǺأ߸õϴһ£Ȼҩһ£ÿ찴ʱһҩҹһ¾ͺˡ
ҶСЦһ£ôҵ˿ڵĻ첲ͷˣ˿ӵǲҪȡٸҰ
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СʿĴ£ҶСңҺСҽЩ˼˵ǸܻܲҽԺ
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㲻᣿
ᣬҲűҵûá
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ϽȡİɣҵڳˣղҲˣǸѾԶֹסѪ뿴ǸǹôǿĻָ
Сҽһҧ˵ͷӦãҰȡӵ㲻ܶκ˵ҸȡģҪȻ֪˷ǿҡ
ãҲԱ˵ġҶС˵ͷ
ȻᣬȥһЩСҽ˵Ȼ׼ȥҶСһסȥˣҲİɣܳŵסģ㿴Ҷôʱ䡣
Сҽ룬ȷˣȻͬҶСĻ
Ƭ̺ǰ׼Ѿˣ𱡱ĵƬҶС첲ǸѪȥҶСѹסԼĻͻȻĳŵСҽͻѪ
֣СĻѪܵƤ֯Ƭ̺Ѿһöӵٴ˼£ùϣһ֧ӣİӵȥ˳һߵڡ
һкСҽùߣǺΪҶС˿ڣ˿ڵһ˿ڳһڳ󣬱ҶСҩ
ҶСûʲôʣСҽǸгɾ͸еϲ⡣
ժ¿֣˵ĵˣǳɹˡ
ҶСֽöӵײ˿㶵УСҽ˵Ϲź飬֪ʱжôĽš
ܲŮҽҪҪҳԶٷ߳ҺҶСһЦ
ûԥСҽˬĻشû⣬ҽҩҿɲ
ҲҳģǺǡҽҩѣ˻һµ绰룬ҶС¥ȥ
ߵ¥ͿһصŮӴһ䲡˳崿ŵɫ˺ʹ̲סҪȥϧһʫ


103 ʫ
ôҽԺѵˣҶСͻȻ䣬ˣڹ˵Լĸˣĸ׵ģ
ҶС˹ȥ¶ݵĺʫûע⵽һҶСϡ
Բ𣬶ԲҲǹġоԼײˣʫϽǸ
̧ͷʱЩ⣬ҶС磿ô
ҵĸ첲СˣղŰһ¡ҶС翴źʫЦŵ
Ŷ˵زʫʵлЩġ
ҶСһû뵽ʫĵ׻ͦģҡҡͷû£һСˣôոͷʫŷҵ
ʫ˵ͷĿȻ
ܲȥ̣ʫıҶС
˼˯ţǸʫΪ֮ɫ
ҶС˵ͷ˵һ߰ɣʫ˵ͷ
߳ҽԺҶС̲סʵʫͬѧ̵Ĳ𣿡
ĬһᣬʫصŵϹҳһ˿ɬһ˿İˣҽ˵ĶгһҪϽҪĻп𰩱䣬ʹҲ»˶೤ʱˡ
ǰ̵𣿡ҶСüͷʵȷǿ˶ԣͬҽ˵˶೤ʱ䡣
ʫҡҡͷ˫ĿжһЩˮԾɼǿ֧š
ʫϵı飬ҶСĪľʹͲϲŮİɣ
ʲôѴԸ˵һᾡŬġҶС˵
ʫĿͶҶС磬˿ȻҡҡͷûʲôѴлл㣬ҶСͬѧ
ǸǿŮӣҶС֪̾ʫһʲôѴֻԸǿñԵ޹ʵİ
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ѻǮҶСֱʵ
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ҶСϵ˫ۣʫһ˿֮ɫЭˣȻĵҽ˵ѵʮʮ򣬻򡣡
Ͷˣ˵ʲô˵ﻹЩܱһﲻ˵ãǮһеġҶСһļȻӿڴóŷ᰸п˺ʫС
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ҶСĻʫЦݣǰصţЦûгʱʧˣҶСĲͬҲЩͬˡ
Ŷˣп***ҶСп˵˺ʫҲ
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ҶС⣬ԺͽСɣԺҲʫҶСƤ
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ҶСһΣλԲ椿治ӣھؼңôˣӳʲô£
㲻˵ȥҽԺôؼˣ绰ͷ᰷ŭĺ
ҸղŵȷȥҽԺˣ꣬Ҿͻؼˣôˣʲô⣿ҶСʵ
쵰ͲһᣬɱҽԺֻؼˣ˵ǲǳĵģᰵɲȵȣϾȹˡҶС˵᰾͹Ҷ˵绰


104 ᰵĵ
ҶСЦһ£ѵ绰װ˿ڴУҡҡͷǸŮˣҲ֪Ժĸ˸Ȣ
ûӣҶС㿴һʻ۵ĳҶС۾С
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ҵʱѾκˣ˵ҲؼҴҽԺʲôοû˵ҽԺ㡣ҶС緭һ۵
㣬²ˡҶС翴һ̾һ
ϳǳ̸
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һӵУ˵زѾûˡҶСЦһ
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105 
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107 ұ
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108 Ŀ
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ҽҪ飬ԣһȥ䣬ôҶСЦ˵
찡Ҵ󲮽ˣҹƲܳĽѩЩΪĵ
Ľѩ⻰ҶСЩ΢΢ʧе˾һ첻ԷͷţҺýкܶ£ҪȻҶС绹治֪ȹ
ŶǺðɣǺѧУװţ

Ҷϵ绰ҶС˼ǰڵ̫ˣȲ˵ߣԸ񣬸Ƿ˷츲صı仯ֲãղֿɶͻȻ֮䶼Щܲˡ
һöıڣԺҵĻţܱǰ۸׸õĶࡣ
ҶС˼Щʱʱȵףʱ㣬ڲޱȾ֮Щ֮˲ͱˣڵָ״̬ܱһĻôȫԻָ۷״̬Ϊܽһ㣬ֻǸǲܵģĳһ죬˶
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ҶСЦһ£ȻܻڣҪײ䣬Ʒ᰻Ѹǿгϡ
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Ȼǣ㣬ǼǲģᰶҶС
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ٺ٣㲻ҲǸŮåҪȻ͵ҸʲôǳԿˡ
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127 
һ㶣漴Ӧ˹ϸֳƬϼŭҶС磬㾹ȻҳĶ
û뵽ҶСôĴ󵨣ȻڿظȻƽʱֵģԸţԼȴǼΪĿأûǸ壬˵ҶСĿŮӼΪںظ˵ףһŮӡ
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ҶСɫƺЩܣһðһ뷨ûдҶСңĦǵ֮ɫǽ;ЩԾˣһĸоָоúȥ
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̼ůˣ˫ش̼£ᰳ׵ʧˣȫԾŤ
ҶС˫Ķ䣬һӾͽ⿪µĿӣ͵һѹ£ǰĶ䣬öΪԭʼ
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ϣǲϣ¾߱ҶСԾЩԥղſᰵӺǸŮҪǸŮǷ᰻ôԼģˣѹǣһѣ׼ǹɱС
ǣĲλʱᰵһ˿˫ҶСţһʵȢ𣿡
ҶС粢ᣬ˵һ΢΢ϲ
仰Ǵ죬һˮͷϣһӱ侲εЦЦһԲҲǹġ
˵⻰ҶСԼԼݺݳһ٣ģѾģ㶼˼ҵ·׼ɱˣ˵㲻ǹġ
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˵ţĴҶС硣ȻϣղأǸֵܣﻹùʱŻ֣Ǻǡ


128 ŭ
ᰵӣҶС΢΢һ˼
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ԲҪʹɣܲȰ·áҶС˵
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תȥŭĿҶС磬ɱ⡣
ҶСֻ㬵תȥ壬һOO@@һ䣬ֻһ󾢷ϮϽܿͬʱת顣һӵ˴ϡ
ݺݵҶСһţû뵽ҶС練Ӧر죬һӱܿ߿ˣһʱûסƽ⣬˴ϡ
ŭĿҶСͲܲ㣿
ܲ㣬οֲɵӡҶС˵
󣬳ĬҶСЩ֪ҪԸղԼˡ
ҶС磬ղǼ¸ô㣿ᰱĿҶС֪ղŷ˶ǿδ졣
ûûȹҵġҶСޱƵĵû뵽᰾Ȼôһñӣǿδ죬صۡ
ҹģ᰸ǻˣţãҹģûҵ·ͿӰɣ
⻰ҶСһйԴ˵ô죿
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󣬿˹ɫ΢΢һ䣬Цһ£İɣһˣǰºһҪ
ע㣬𾪶˻Щˡƶ˵󣬱¥
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Լ˰Сʱʱ䣬·Żָ˳ͨ
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129 
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ǺҶСĹϵôᡭ˲䣬ʲôҶСĿдһ˿۰飬Ҳ֪øҶС˵Щʲô
ʱҶСз첨ˣһĻƣǵװһ߳ҵºһĻһĶŮȴ˺
ҿʱõ񹦣תһעټĽѩĹģʧʹа˳ȥ
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߰ɣҶСҡҡͷЩĵ˫Ŀеɽʧ
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Լʮӵʱ䣬˸С13¥ǰͣ졣
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130 ֽɫ˿
С13¥204ڣһǳݣЩ΢΢źͺһҹ֮ʧģǸ飬鶼͸ˡ
ŷǧüͷһϸĲ鿴Ÿ䣬һ˼š
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ӳˡ˽ĿУһᾯ΢΢һϻЩء
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ĴзһĴţֻĴţֺʧٵһǴȥġ
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ǣŷǧŷǧϽСĽɫͷӼһ͸ϴС


131 ˼
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һ˻ãΪ룬ȫȫΪ㸶ֿɶˡ
뵽ޱ뵽һĻ뵽Ľѩ뵽һǵľٶ뵽ֿɶ崿һգûбȾϵɫɲʱΪŭΪһ˿ϲá


132 ǰ׼
Τ֣ǼΪҹܻᣬ˵ǣҶСĴӪ
ҹܻڲƻѤҫװ޵ʮֺǽڣԵø߹Ի͡
ڣһȺŭɫЩʹλεĿȸָ
ʮ괹ͷɥڿǽڵϵϣЩһһ飬Щ첲ϴűЩͷϰŰɫɴ֮ʮ˶Լͬˡ
ЩС⣬гºƺ;ʦͷ춼ڸطӡ
Ƹ磬ǵֵܣǲ޶԰һ׳һѸͷһŭ֮ɫųºƵļǳĽʵ첲һЩ΢һ˵Ĵôϸļűһ֪
ӣΤҾưɿӵСͷĿǵ̵£ԴҶС似պ󣬶ҶС缫Ϊĳݡ
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Ƹ˵ĺܶԣڲƣţʱһǵĵ̣ǻšʦһ˿⣬ʱǰˡ
Ƹ磬ʦǵ˼Ҷ֪ǣһЩֵ̲סԷޱȣ޼ɵĳЦųЩѪյ̲סЩε˵
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һֻҶСĮרõ˹ɢ⣬úܶ˶ϲס˸
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ٺáڶСгҶСǵľ֧һ㣬һҶС羫ʮ㣬İٱ
ɢâӻһˣֻмΪĺ䣬ҶСĿη壬Ҫ
ѾҶСղɢסˣһͷ˸һشҶСĻ
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һ˲䱬һȥȥһǼɫƳ˴ҩ໽иͣ
ҶСһѹ˶ãȥռǵĵ̣ԸǵĿˣ˸ҺݺݵĴҽԴȥ
ҶС˵ԼҲҪȥ˶ˣĿȣҶС綼Щܲˡ
΢΢˼һҶС絭ĵ֪ͨȥõǴһЩȥΤ·ͷֵĽڣѾ˵ʮˣŵǱ߼ϣʬһЩ˿ӣǵĳӳˣһԷǡ
ǣ١ºƺ;ʦĵǳȡ
΢΢˼һҶСĿͶʦҲӰɣУ˵ıǲĺԶǵĳһҪˡ
һ˿ʧȻϲüıǸжԶأ
󣬿һۣҶСŵݣһȥ
ҶСߣһӺ۷׷ףԳˣ̵ģһҪЩ˺ÿ
ǰڴԶֵӡ
ʦôº˹ȥǲԶֵģƻǶ֣ǣȴͻȻıˡ
ղע⵽ٵɫûУ￴ųº΢΢һЦ
ɫǰ˺ܶ࣬ôˣſϴ󡣡
ҡҡͷܸоģٺܷŭҪԳֵԭɣ
˵Ϊ˷йųֵģºƻȻǰˣǵù
˵˵ҪֵգٲϲøҸߣҲᱩ¶ˡ˵ºƵЩɻ󣬼˵Ҳ֪ٻǸѧҲ´ȥ
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ҹܻ㣬ӥڵķڣҶС϶ӥʮܲɣ
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һῴġҶСȻƽȴܸеޱߵ
мܵεĶԽ
ֻӥ˵
Ҳ㹻ˣҪ
ֱõԡ
ҶС˵ͷзһ˿ĺ⡣


133 й
Τֺͷֽ·ڴһұ̵ķݺ󣬺ģ·ղڰϡԿʮӰڶˣȴûзһ˿
Ƭ̣һŰɫ䣬ţп˹ϵıƽ˿⴦ڰ۾΢΢һ˹ҶС硣
û˵ɾĵģһӣӣҶСеĶԽֱ˵֡ѪʦͳºƣԼһ
֣ʮڷֱͷڰûҵҶҶСĿͶ˵˵
ǣ١ֹĵɫȴһ˿ƣָȥԸЩڵǴСãȻҲ֪ҶСǰ˱
תɨһˣȻ˶ʮˣ˳ȥ
Ѫʮȥ·öԷˣĵš
ǣ١Ѫ˶ʮ˱ˡ
Ҳʮˣȥϻ֣ûҵҪҶҶСĿͶ˹
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ҶС绷һۣҲû˵ʲôĻֱӾŷȥºƵ˸ں档
ȻҶСû˵һ仰˾һõĹһð˷ܵĹâһͬսǶôйٸУ뵽ҶС˵αֵĺãͻǽ书һ˷ˣԼҪ书ţ
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ҶСͣס˽ŲǸߣһʧˣֻһ仰ȥһ鷳Ȼ֡
ҶСĻºЩʣ֪ҶСΪʲôҪô鷳ֱȥ˾ͳˣʲô鷳ⲢҶСҲֻǸѧûЩ˵ֺģҪóºЩҶСָ߶ȵ书ûѹס綼ˡ
һȺ˺ƺƵ߽һװ޵رĸ˾Ƽһ䣬ҳһţһЩ˼ƲϽ˳
ԼĳеңһȺ˳϶żһеҡ徻˺ܶࡣ
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ճһһݶϣҶС翴˿ҡҡͷУ˫ȭӶûȫôÿһȭǸһЩ
һͷͻһȺкֱײסЩ׷׵أڵֹ
ºƵˣеķ˵ͣĴһ·˷ܼԽսԽ£ĿŶԷ
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ΪʲôΪʲôҪҶСŭһĳһ걻ĳȥʮ֮Զ
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134 Ѫս
ңҶСһȺƻ磬Լһһ֣ϵĺˣƼͷң֪ǿƵĵҪˡ
ϣԼϴһֲʮ죬ڻڼأΪֵĶ֣ĵӾѹļϣʽϽϴ˧һ绰һµǰơ
Ҷϵ绰ĿĶҶС磬һжߵ˸ıԭɵԷĽڵϵЩˣһ붼ǿֲɵġ
мȿ־ַŭƤϳһǹС׼ҶС磬׼ǹ
ڻӶȭͷйҶС磬ͻȻһ󣬾еһΣյϢ֮ˣи֪Σ֮һΣٶȼ죬˶Էһ󣬲˵Ǹӵܴ͸ǣһ֪ԼܵסĴ͸һֻһǶԸЩ˻ò±һЩϳ
ɶ˵ɻľͨ˳֣˷˻һЩҪ鷳ֻҪ˾ͿǷ
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ҶСĿһ䣬ٶȼ죬˲͵ңǰǹҳһ˿ЦңǾû뵽ȻǰߵﾹȻôֲٶȡ
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ҶСǳ֮ĿңͷϿʼð亹̫ˣʵ̫ˣûмôˡ
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ʱҶСͣҲûж֣ʣµЩѾ˵ηˡ
Ƿ٣־ǲͬ죬ڵϵһ£ǿĶָȥǶԴӦûɣԽдӥ
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ʲôʸңôΪ˴ܣ˵ľʹ㣬Ҫ͸ҡ
ҶСĻ󣬶һſĴЦƾʮϺףǲ֪ҺݺݵĴ򣬱֡¶пЦ⡣
˼ٵĽҶСΧһĿƾ˿һ㣬ûǶ֣ҶСȳ˳ȥٶȼ죬һȭһһһ˲ʱ䣬ʮ˵˵ϡ
ԷӦ˹ʮ˳ҶС磬ǶܿҶСֺܺãȫ˳ºƵˡ
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Ѱȥɣ˵ǾץǸʱǹ֣Ǳƻ
΢΢˼һҶѰЩܣǵ˵ͷ׼ȥ


135 Ķ
ԷûдҶС磬֮£ȴҶСļϣǼҶСߵˣҲжԷˡ
ҶСĿкųȻܱܹЩӵЩ˲ܣҪʮ˶Լ¿ǹò˶೤ʱͻֻʣһ˾˲Ǹ鷢
ܼӵУȫɢһɿֲϢϢɽԿ֮⣬һ㱡Ƥ棬λζƹȡ
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顭һŷʮ˲䱻߷˳ȥݺݵ˵ϣûп⼸һۣĿͶ˶ϣһһȥ
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󺣺˼ҶСɭĿлЭˣ֪Ͳǰ˵Ķ֣ŭԼԼĶ⡣
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Ǳߵ˾ˣǵϴоú裬һ־ȫޣҶСߵˣǳ֮ɫĿҶС磬ٲǷ٣ڲͬ˶Զ֣Զ֡
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Ƭ̺Ӱ˽ֵһ¥¥ϣҶѰ֣Ǳ
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ǣ˭ҶСЩʵ
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ҪҸǻȥٺ٣ȴӮ˵ҶСһһһŶϷȥϷ³ˣȫǻĵأûˡ
ߵʱºƴһ仰Լʰ̯ӣҸ˴Эºơ
ҶСĻҶѰ׷˳ȥһ㣬˺ưҹе𣬴ӷƮɵһϡ
ߣȵҡ֣Ǳ򺰵ϽҲȥ󺣵˶ˣѾǵ֮⡣
Է԰һıУĽѩڷīŵ˯£ֻһˤС磬С磬Ȼҹػߣ쵽ѧУһҪѵ㡣
ĽѩſɰСӣϾǲ֮ɫһᣬֻٴһΣǹػЩʧЩ΢΢ʱ֪ҶС翴һĻ


136 ս
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ҶСǸߣưҹе飬̤ïܵҰݣٵǰȥЩҰ΢΢ͬһ紵һ㣬ҡھû˶
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ҶСͣΣ;վǸߴïܵҰϣȫһëڵϡ
תۼ䣬֣Ǳ˾ѾҶСǰʮ֮ͣҶСһվҰ棬ȫƺΧĿռΪһ壬ƻá
ڴһսҶѰѵ˵һ仰ǳȵս⡣
ιûиҵģ㲻֣ܺǱЩĿҶѰ˵
ҶѰûпֱˣȫǿȻǹмŵķâһ֪ԷǸޡ
£ΧЩҰݺƱ쫷紵һҵҡΣЩҰݵҶƬֱӶϿƮȥ˺Զ
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ѰЩˡ૵Ǹ̬ôǿ
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ʱҶѰҰԾͷĩӺǱնĵãһԶԸ㡣
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һɾ޴ӽϴҶѰֵҰС
һҶС֣Ǳǰû˵ֻǼ򵥵һȭ֣ǱϱɫĹâ׼ˣǣҶСٶȾȻٶȻϼֻ֣֮ȥ
Ǿ޴ϣĶЩ飬΢΢ʹģĲˣ֣Ǳ뵽
һӰ˹ҶѰ˻սһҶСݶԵٶȣȭƣýţÿһιоĺ죬泩ޱȡ


137 һɵ
޾һһ˴򶷴ӿ̵ı̲ݺƱݻĩжݣ裬Ϊ˵Ĵ򶷶Ȳʼ͡
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ҶСӲǺƴһȭͷȵľϵ·˵ѿڣǱҶСǹɾ޴ĳ£ʮ֮ԶڰһšȵͣҰϣҶѰ֣ǱûôõˣֱӵҰݴС
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ҶѰһԾû˵һ仰еǹɳɴڡ
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ҶҪˡ֣ǱһƵĵִ򲻹ȭͷû˼ҵӲܻû˼ҵٶȿ죬еޱȵı
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Ƭ̺ٴη˿ʹ죬̫ˬˡҶС緢ȥ˺ֻܶ࣬аɫĶ϶ʮȭӡ
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ҶѰҶСӣǶ̲ס˳飬Ҳ㱻ҶСһֻèҿÿ죬ȭͷȴϣ
ٺٺ١֣ǱһСĿҶѰӣЦװƣڱͷˣ٣Ǳү˧
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138 ٴ
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140 
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141 ҶС
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142 Ϥļ
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ҶСӵװģȻ뵽ҶС绹ѧˣĳֵĵӣ书ǿȴĶȴһҲ֪ЩණЩҵѪ
ѪļٵģȻֶڡҶСʵһ
ȻˣЩණɲˣϲرѪҼĳ˵ȥӢȻһǱѪأЩණϴԡ֣Ǳ֮ɫ
֣ǱĻҶС˼һŹâ˵⼸ʧٰ׾ˣǳѰǵİɣҶСʵ
ȷѰǵģ˺öˣһټûз֣֡ǱЩй˵
ҲҲţһĵô񡣡ҶѰѵ˵һ仰
СֵܣҸղſ겻ģǲʲô£֣ǱͻȻʵ
⻰ҶСɫЩȻлһ˿ĺ⣬ݺݹһھˮСɲǼЩ΢졣
ֵܣףΪɣֻİŮ˲ܰ˱ӣһȰĺδ޷ݣαصһ֧֣ǱҶСļ
󣬼һᣬҶѰҪߣȥණҶСһȥҶС鲻ýûȥ
ûдǮٸҽʮƣҰһҶС˵ʱͷЩ΢ʹѾȶˣʵȫ˲ƾģǣûôþƾԼ
ҶСӣ֣ǱһΣ΢΢̾һĵģұȽϺãŮˣֻ壬飬ĸԼԺ󣬾ܸ飬յҶСԺ
֣ǱҶСʮ죬ʺ˳ȥ
ҶСİȫһ㶼⣬һһĸּʹܱ۸ˣֻҪ鷳õˡ
ҶСһڰУžƣججԴĽѩõЦݺ쿴һĻ֣ĺۣͣغžˮ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ͻȻһǸϤΪƾԵһʱҲ벻˭һƣײײ߳˰䣬Ǹķȥ


143 ŭ
ƺ̡ΣȥһϮɴʣʣµľǸࡢ̰˽ִеʵдգҹܷ꣬ӳڵһС
ưҡļį¶꣬ľƾ̼˵ĴԣѪҺȼգƯĵõһЪĸ壬Ծƾ䡣
ҹģʿӶ࣬ǽƾͷŰѹеһС
ưһڣУÿ߶һŮӣרƵˣǾƺ죬һߺžƣһŮӵЩŮ̬ˣʱʱ˵ġջ
˾ȵǣڣһԱվſڵλãЩŮԱò崿ͬеֺ쳾֮ΪŨصĵطԾ಻Ⱦֵط϶һʡ
ʥħߣĹȺħ裬Աһ崿ֽȻϢӸΪʥ࣬Ƿʥħжö
һվЩģ˾Ƶӣеһ˿ȴԣûװûװ϶ʲôͼı
һˮŮԱǰСʫһ
ҸղѾһˣٺˡСʫŮԱ죬촽ޱȣ֮ɫ
СʫͺⱭɣոһӣոˣǧǮСѶġһŮȰ˵
Ľ㣬ĲٺˡСʫϽֵԵòֻʲ
վǰ꣬һЦǲǸоЩȣ
ðŻȵ⣬ռ֮ΣСʫǽŲˣȷǾϺȣһҪ·ѵĸоǿҵѹԼʻŮԱʶĵ˵ͷ
ǾͶˣ巢ģˡҰһ񡯣ʹ崿ŮҲ޵岻Ȳǲ˵ţ촽峺ޱȣﻹһ⡣
˲䣬ôǣп־岻Ͻת׼Ŷ
תһ̣ȥѹϣ䣬ٺٵЦͣ
СʫֻҪźңԺĺô˵ţһӱסСʫһԼĻУ׼ǿǡ
Сʫǿ־ɫҵţֻһŮѵĿͷĸ첲Ǻݺһڡ
зһɱһĲҽŭ졣
ģӣȻҴҡץסСʫĳһ˹ȥСʫڵء
Բ֣һתһƣСʫͱ˰ɳϣ϶һѪɫİƣǾǿҧ촽޺޵Ķꡣ
ΧŮƿϷһ㿴һĻЦ
Сʫҧ꣬һȥȼգһֻץסСʫ˫һ˺СʫƷ
·˺˿¶ѩ׵ļΧЩ궼̲סһҺ޵ŮǼ֮ɫ
ո磬ˬܲҲֵˬһ£һֿɿɵ˵
죬ҵģԻˬġոȻ̧ͷȵ
˵ĻСʫĶУźѵҾҪȺ̣˲ɣʱЩڣ֪ͲﵱԱˣͻȻ䣬뵽һͦεӰǸӰͷǾȻҲȺ
ո磬ðɣǾͲˣϣոǡһŮɢĹâȻħ
ȻǣҪһ֪Ȼôɫ˶ոɢ
СʫĿ˿ΧļˣҪεļУ˫Ŀᣬղűʱûп޳ȴˮҲ֪Ϊ˭
Ǽ˿׼뿪֮ʱ䡣һ죬һӷ˹˼˵ϣֱӱҷˡ
ȥֻſվһ꣬ϸĻŷϿɣһ֪Ǹ꣬һˮĿǣʽ̤ɵġ
˭Ҫʲôովһŭص
ڹؼʱ˴ˣǸж𣬲дһЩǣǰһ֪򵥣ǶԷĿ⣬окڣӶЩ
ҶС硣
ҶСĿͶɳ·˺˵СʫʱЩǵĿ⣬˲侫䣬ʫҶСһĿһŭ졣


144 ħþ
ԣûСʫǺʫ
֮ʣҶСһְԵޱȵ̬ǰůгһ˿Ļ˿׳ɳϣ
ҶСֻǹһ˵ʱкǵģԷ꣬ҶСһǵĶ֡
·֪ʫĵģҶС΢΢һЦʾģ˲䣬ȫ죬Ŀ⺮ųһ̼䣬αøߴɽһͦΰ޴ѹʮȫ̲סĲð亹
ҶСתڵľƾ̼ͱˣһ˺ʫǰȫ˺ˣµıҲˣ֬ļЩɫĺۼǰǶԻԲѾ¶˳ʱҶСûȥԼɫ䣬ĽʫЩȫӵԼĶϡ
ǿĺʫһ̱ҶСжôļǿʼֻǸŮ⺦¡
ҶСûǣһӴһſڣ׼͵͵ߡ
̤ſڵһ˲䣬ҶС첲һһƿѾҶСУһӣǸƿһӱҵԴϣ˻Σһӵ˵ϣƿˣһᣬѪ
ǽ˭ҲߡҶСɨ˼һۣȻĿͶ˺ʫվ𶯡
ʫ˵ͷϲ˺ΣЩ΢΢룬˴˼֣ںʫҶС粻֪ôˣֻΪȽϼ
㡭ʲôҶС˹ոһ־ĵ
ҶСû˵һɱһһżȥÿ̤һһ˼˵ͷŮӸǲֱ˵ϡ
岽һǰһץһץס˶ԷĲӣɫǺ죬˫ĳҶС֣뽫ҶСҶСֺһǯ
һ۵ϵŰ壬ҶСݺһȣŰʱķѣһһƬľҶС֡
Ŀһ꣬ǹҳһ˿̵Ц⣬ɿ֣һȿȿȣ
žҶСӶеǿľһӳϣûе귴ӦžžžžҶСݺݳƬ̼Ŀ˻Ѫɽ
ʹĺʵѾʱҶСͣһ˫֮䡣
ҽһ˫סͷϺֱء굹˵ϣʹ˹ȥ
༸˺⣬˫˷к֪Сʫôһˣ˵ʲôҲѾˡ
ҶС˫Ŀɨһ꾹Ȼֱ˵ϣһѬζϴĿʪˣҶС¶ĹâһŰ߷˳ȥ
㡭ʲô֪˭ǵһﳤϵĶӣ㡭ҶңҰְһұģֻҪңҿԵûз˵ŸոƽԷһẦµģǵҶСеϷ֮ɫʱв
һţֻһţҶСݺݵ壬˹ĲҽҲҿİţЧȽϺãưиֿƮҪȻưɶĲҽ
ҶСĿͶһŮʱŮӣǾ֮ɫ漴Ϲҳһ˿Цݣ΢΢ߵҶСߣӿǰҶС磬Ĺӿ䣬ͼõҶСĻģλСܵܣʵڲ˼ҲǱƵģͷŹǰɣ㣬ô
˵ţһҶС̽ȥ
ҶС粻ΪһɨŮһЦջ֡
ءҶСϾųŮֱӷ˳ȥݺݵǽϣɫǽϣһõʻ
ҶС绹׼ֵʱͻȻ˺ʫ޵Ͻ˹ȥֻʫһĿˮ촽һһϣ΢΢Ťջ֮С
ʫôˣҶСϽסʫĵʵ
ʫû˵˫۲ҶСĲϣҶСŤ
ӣҶС֪ܲʲô£Ŀĺ䣬ʫȥ
ҶСȥ˶ԼͬһҶС̤˲䣬عͷһбųĹâħþ
һǿҵ߲֮ɫ˫Ŀбųϯ䣬漴ʧ
ҶСźʫȥ
ҡҶСߵһ¥ʱеļצǿ־֮ɫܶ
Ȼڰ䣬ǣȴһʬɽѪȺħ裬һѪȵ硣


145 
ưме˶ĿͶ˹ŰӣһɫŮҶС硣
һЩΪ֡Ϊˣ׼ǿоŮһҶСеĺ⣬һҲ˼
ƹѤľưгƮ⣬ĵû˸˵һ仰ֱҶС˳ȥ˲
ղǸ˭ôᱧһŮ
һǸ˵ӣ֪ԲʲôˣϽɣ
һƯҪ̣ˡ
ףǻǵǸ˳ʲôôʲôӡһɻĵ
ôһ˵ҺҲǲˣѵ˵ǸͲˣһ˵Щֻš
ԱϽ¥һ¥Ͼ˺ħһĺ˳ոڵǸʱ׾ˣֻڼŮǿ־֮ɫŤһ
ﻹżˣЩ˶ˣһԱ֪ˣһﳤϵĶӾȻ˷ӣһжǸ˵Ľ
Ǵһȥϰ壬һ˲110һ˴120ʣµļȥѿոǵĻսǸ߽ȥ֪˭ץһԱͷ˸Ͻ˳ǿ־塣
߳ưɺ󣬺ʫҶСץЦһ£ʫӵȻܻؼңŤͷˣһƣдĸɫ֣Žݡ
ҶС˽ȥŹ̨ǰķԱһ䷿
̨ǰƯԱɻĿҶС磬ͷβҶСһ飬Щ˵֤û
ҶСҡҡͷҳûд
ʱ򣬺ʫҶСҶСüͷһ壬ôҪ֤Ͻһ䣬ñ˹ҩ
ҶСĻٿ˿ҶС绳еĺʫǸŮ˵·ӵǻˣƯԱ
ðɣԿף205ңһһԪƯԱ˵
ҶСڳһ֣ӿ㶵ͳһͰ͵İԪ󳮣ݸƯMMùԿףæ¥ȥ
ţһŴڵϣȻϽңʫڴϣһϽתڵʫҩ
뷨ǺõģǣԼӿʫʱƴ߻һ㣬״߷˺ʫڵĴҩʫ룬ŤзĿһҶСϣѹ˴ϣ
ܵ˴ҩȾһ㣬ױˣҶСڣټŮ˱Ƕʧȥǣһʫѹ£ɿϵ
̡ʫһҶС˫Ŀһ˿ѤĹâ˫ַ˺ʫĻԲϡ
Ƭ̼䣬о˵ĵͺŮ˷ܵĽһС
ʱİЧʻͦߵģΪ˺üʧٰǲòǿ֮ġ
Լ˰Сʱʱ䣬ͳǼҾưɵſڣʱưɶѾҳһţԭǼŮӰ˳˾ʹ򣬿вͣţҪɱ㡣
еĿ˶ˣưɲûҵ
ͬʱ򿪣ʮ˳˷ǮȺڿʣľ˽ȥǻҵĳЩˣ
ֻưмŮֳ־ƿӣſһͨ
ǺǷˡһЩ΢΢Ľš
һľ쿴״󣬵ϣҰȫס
һСѰŻᣬһһ˵ڵأѸٵĴϣͬߵȿһ
ס񣬺Ұһߺţţзš
Ϊ׵ԣϽӴ绰֧Ԯ첻ǱˣǷߵվ١
ӳ߷İЩأܺεˣܺ߷ˣ̫ˣͿƲסǡһɬ˵
ţЩܺߡ˵
˶ʮӣᰴŶʮ˹סǼˣȻǰҽԺĵϣ̧˾Ȼ
÷վȥҽԺԼ뵽Ǹ鿴ǲ鿴һʲôûз֣üëһţ벻ͨǼ˵Ϊʲô
Ǿǣ˼ƵķԱ͵ʱھƵеĿˣǶǸֻ֣ǣ˭ҲǲǸֵˣȵȶһɶ
׮ֳһ׮޷ƽ԰


146 º
峿͸϶ڴʱҶС˹׼һȻ𴲣ȴͻȻоԼһֻ첲һĶѹš
дһ飬˫Ŀһֻ˫ۣȥֻһŮӱ˫ۣĸ첲ϣһֻѩźĸ첲ϣëܳ죬īĳɴһɢĲϡ
Сӯӯһգûа׸⣬͸ڰϵıë̺ϡԿ෼ݡ
ŮǺʫڶӡۣ֤˵ķ
ϵ飬ҶСǵòǺˣһ˿Σһ˿ɫϺɫѪۣ˵˼һǵһΣ֪ҪôԺʫ崿ЩǿŮ
ȻҲǵһΣǣ˼ʹйˣԼǵһΣ˭֪أ
ҶСĿͶ˺ʫǶԻԲϣ沼˵ɫӡۣϧ֮ɫ΢΢̾һ
ͻȻʫĽë΢΢һ£֪ʵʫҲˣǳɬͲ֪ĸжװûѡ
ҶСҲûеƣһҶСʵǱﲻסˣ²ҪԵģӱʼղǰ취
ˣҶСʵԼȻŵ˺ʫ
ʫ˫Ŀ˵ͷԵӣϷһĨߺ죬漴ۼİѸ첲ҶС˿
ƿʱҶС罫ӵ˻УһɼΪ泩ϢҶСɢǺͷҶСĻС
ʫҡ
Ҫ˵ˣҲֻ밲㻳дƬ̡ʫҲСĻ
ҶСǸм仰У֪ʫûй˫ָҪʫԼС
С硭ʫ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫ
Բһʱ鲻ԾҶСһǸĵ˫˿ˡ
ʫĸҶСʵļҪҶСסһ㣬һ᲻˳
ܸӣΪһͳŮӣ뷨»һҹԼĽϹȴʧҶС硣
ҶСᣬЩϲȻϲǸмҶСһЩѣְĽҶСķ涼㣬Դ˺ͰûаƢȻཻ̣ѾҶСӰȻӰӺܵȴԷѿɳ
ҶСĽѩ֪ģҲҶСĽѩһõѡ񣬵ǣԾЩʣϾԼĵһθҶС硣
֪ҶСʲôĸ飬ӵ˼ìܵ飬˳
ҶСû˵Ҳ֪˵Щʲôô˼ҵĵһζˡ
˻ᣬʫƽҶСʫİɣһ㸺ġ
ֻҪҾˣҲĽѩġʫǶµ˵ûһҪΪҶС˼̳Ƕе˵ʵڵģȢžҪȢʫִΪԼ͵ġ
ʫĻҶСһʹԳһЦĽѩǺǣѾˡʹ֮ɫ
С磬˳ģĽѩǸˣ𹼸ԺգżһСƢģһ˾ͱŮӽƽˡʫȰҶС硣
ҶСҡҡͷЩ⣬ģ㲻ңޱҲΪ䲻ɣ˵ţɫЩȻ
ʫ㶣˫ֻסҶСС磬ȻѾȥ˾ͱˡ
ҶС˵ͷǿѹеʹ࣬һЦǸϽ𴲰ɣ
ˣûؼң趼֪жൣġʫϳ˽֮ɫϽѰ·
ʱȫ¶ҶСĿ֮£ҶСۣһҺ仹Сǰȴѳ߹ģѩף񣬲ȴЩӡۡ
ʫҸЩۼȥҶС˵ںʫĿУϷѤâںʫϸһϵЩӡȫʧƴûгֹһ㡣
ջʱʫϷ˳죬˫΢գһժɵӣ𣬱ٴδսһһ뵽ʫ壬ѹס
ˣ㿴ҶС˵
ʫۣϸǺԼƤϵЩӡȫʧһҪǻȥ迴ˣǾˣҶСϷâ£ûʡ
ҶСúʫţȥΪʫ·ȥΪʫ·ѾһƲ
ãҶСˣһջɫĶ䣬ʫԣܺ
󣬺ʫս󴲵ļüĵװ˿ڴУȻ˿


147 ûϣ
Է԰25űɫĽѩһ㲣۾Χ˵ĺȦɫήҲ
ͷùֻҶСĵ绰룬ǣֻǸԲĵ绰ѹػ
ʧ䣬૵С磬ΪʲôҪػôôһҲأǲʲô
ûΣԴҶСӰӣÿһСʱҶСһε绰һζţκÿζʧģСûôʹÿȥƽСȥֻÿȥһľʹһΡ
С磬С磬С硣ĽѩݺݵˤŴϵëëܣҪеȫй
Ƭ̺ίĿ
ѩѩûУ⴫
Ľѩ˲ᣬ˴ţȻ󷵻ص˴ϡ
Ľѩ˫ۺһ㲵ӣ˹ȥ۵ĽĽѩ˻УڽĻУҵߵĶίĿҪеίˮȫߡ
ˣŶѩĸһ۸ǼѩˣᰲοĽѩĺ󱳣Сʱο
ǻһǸһĽѩ뿪Ļ˵
ǲǸҶС۸ѩĲĽѩʵ⼸һֱæȻŮĲԾɫ㲣ֻûʱȥʣǡʱ䣬͹Ů̸̸ġ
Ľѩȫ˽ᣬϣĿŽᣬϣһ½顣
΢΢˼һᣬ˵СǸӣǸˣҾÿ֮ʲôᣬûµģ룬ѧУʣڿҪ˳飬ҪȻһѧУģԣϽȥϴһ£㿴㶼ʲôˡ
ĻĽѩԾΪ˵һк˺ܶ࣬˵ͷȻͳȥϴ
ҽԺУ᰽ҽԺȥҽԺĲд
˻ᣬŽȥҽԺָԭƽ
һ״ӵҽҽ˳᰸Ͻ˹ȥʵҽôʲô
ӳǽ칫˵ҽȡ°ɫ˵
᰺ͷҽ߽˰칫ңҽҽԺоƵҽʦïڹԲ涼
ï᰺ͷ쵹ˮ˰ɫǰ˵⼸˵һϹʲôŵˣǷʱǵԵ粨ǰδеĻԾѾܳܵļޣֹܲۡ
ǻо𣿡üͷʵ
ïЦһҡҡͷûϣƾ񲡶껹ǵһμľ񲡲ˣֻҪһѹʹ󺰴УǱܣ󺰴Уƹ˶ǾͲȥ˸ɡ
᰺ͷ϶¶ǳ̫ѰˣֻаϣԵǼϡ
ˡһ

ΣӳһˣҪҪȥһŮʿ˽˵
ãȥ᰼æһϣֻҪ˹ʳһˡ
СʿĴˣһ䲡Уʱһ꣬ɫ㲣ϲ˸ֹӣڻһһŮĸĸǵ֮ɫ
ѾˣûˣһҪעԼأҪȻ֤ʧҲ֪ʲô˳ôݡһҽ˵
ãǰ֪ɹٻ¡һΪЩ˵ĵϸǶˣһǺڰˣһǹټӵܣ˸ĸҵ쵼߶֮ģŮǾƵڵƵģһ˵㡣
ϵĸһҴҵĶ¡
ô˵ģʲô֣ҪȥͶ㡣ǰĺʱе긾Ůצ˹һøȫûһ˵ķ緶
ᰣȥɣҲˡ˵ת׼߳ȥ
λͬ־⣬ҼλӣҲǵСİΣǸĸ׺òĵ
ᰲͣ˽Ųһûп긾Ůһֱۣߵ˲ϡ


148 
˫Ŀ񣬴ͣһɵһ㣬˵ġ
ҽôӣڴϵ꣬ʵ
ҿһҽ˹ȥ˷Ƥҽô۾һգգͬʬûа飬ǲ˵ʶûȫָԵʰɣ
ʲôҵĻˣҽ˵ڴϵˣ긾ŮҽϽ˴ߣ˵ϣҡţ޺Žôˣ
ҡ˰촲ϵ껹ûзӦ긾Ůһתץסҽĸ첲ʵҽҽǼһôˣȾǼһɣ
긾ŮһӣҪжȴʣĿһۣͺһ
λŮʿ֣һᾡȥȵģҹʱ״̬ΪԲʶ廹ûںϣҲ˵ʶĳֻУʱͻáҽ
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153 ǿ
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રડͭǮԽԽܼһˮһߣжİߡ
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ʱҶС绹֪ǳսֻǸʼ


165 ҶС
Уڣᰵİ칫Уڰ칫ҵϣ۾һգһգĿſϵһƵϣǼưϵһƵԱ߻һ̡
ףⲻҶС𣿡ͻȻᰵĿⶼƵһӰƺЩȷ
ϽһͣſڵǰϸĿҶСӰһе񡣡
Ȼ󣬵һ²ţƵţֻϣҶСҶѰ֣ǱһͬǼưʱƵ
ҶСĻ϶֪췢ʲô飿˵зһ⣬ôӻһЩ
ԽǸԽҶС磬ţп㣬ɫ䣬ҶСƽʱĴ硣
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˿Աߣһ̣û˼ٿˣ֪ʹҲʲô
ˡһӳ𣿡
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룬˵ȥ˰ʬ
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߳ȥ󣬷᰼ĶǶδ򶷵ƵͻȻһĳĽѩ
ѵҶСҲ˼һص˵ԣѹ̲ȥһ̬֮


166 Ľѩ˼
ҶСѧУʱѾʮˣӵʱҪڿǡΣʦǸϺˣֻҪǴĴʦһֻ۱һֻۡ
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ƯŮ˶ƯŮһɵ⣬ҶС粻ðգοʹס˺ʫôĽѩߣֲ˵һЩĵĻ
˲ʱҶСԸоʫ΢΢һģЩ΢΢ʹ
Ȼû˵ǣҶСߵĽѩȴһüȴû˵ʲô˻Ųͬ˼¥Ȼ߽˽ҡ
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ĽѩźС쿴ҶСʵС磬ǲʶʫ
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ҶСʹĻشĽѩķҶСһʶĻҪˡ
ߣҶС磬㿴ŮԵȲ˵ǸɰɵĿɶãʫŮ㶼ʶ˵㻹һλŮʶأĽѩ󷢣ϴЦݣЦȴ̺ɱòҶС
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Ӣ۾ͦ𣿡ĽѩϹҳһ˿ЦݺݵĵҶС磬ô˼Ҷûж
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ĽѩϵʲôҲЩʧЩɡ
ȻҶСѾԹԽͺʫʶģԾɾЩףΪղ˼ԷʱûдкȫͲ֮ЩСŵ
ֻҶС˵һ˿û¶ֻգû
ͻȻ䣬ĽѩʲôƵģгһĨ⣬С磬Ҿˣ쿪ʼͲؼҳԷˣҪҳԡ
ЩðɣȻܺãҶСҲ⣬ǣ֪ô£һųУͺ˿£±˷һĸо
ʲôõģѵԺ£ĽѩЩίĵǲ˵ɫ
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ڿεʱܿľ͹ȥˣɫĽѩ߳УţĽѩĶĽѩҶС磬Щ֮ɫ
Ľѩ˳ǳȣЩ˼ĵҶС˵÷ܲҲҽ̽书
ҶСԸ˿ˣ쿣ǣԷݵ⣬ȻҶѰĶ쿲Ὣյ鴫ȥǣ书ˣҶС繩
ĽѩߺҶС׼ؼң֪һͣǰ򿪣˵ϳ
ҶС籼Žʡԭ˷ᰵĳ


167 չ¶
һ·Ŀųû˵һ仰ɫˣĿЩɻ󣬷·ЩĲɡ
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ڿʲô·Ǿ쵽ڿȻ䣬ͣ˽ŲͷҶС
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᰺յĵҶС磬ʱʼʱı飬ҶСܲϰߣҲܲˬ
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168 ʫĸ׵䵭
ҵҲˣҺѩµǰһϣһϤˣǺһ֭֭ҩȻ󣬵ڶͱŭӣвٿصһ´Ƶ輯ŵĲҵлʧ٣һʲôˣңҲ׿ڶλͬѧ˵лйءҶС˵
󣬷üͷ˼һЩʹüģûȷ֤ݣҸˣҲ֪輯ſҵ֮һһ輯ſˣÿĲ½ʮٷֵ㣬ЩͲԸ⿴ģȻǿ԰е顣
ţҲֻû֤֮ǰҲݾߵģβʧٶҪ¶ġҶС˵֪Ҳûʲô취ֻ÷һЩиףһԸԼӿɾʹˡ
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Ǻǣֺõ˶أͱЩˣ˵ġҶС翴һ۷ᰵ
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仰ҶС綢ŷ᰿һᣬ֪ʲôʱȻЩ֮ɫ
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ҲͰ˵ʮң˿ˣĸŮæͣҶС˹
ʫҰ㡣ҶСߵ˺ʫ˵
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ҶСһΣæģڿʫĸƺЩɼǺƤæ
С磬Բ㡣ʫһڲͳŴ㣬һߵҶС˵
Һǵһμ̣ô̶ƺЩҶСʵ
ܰ㵱ҵѡʫ΢΢һ˵
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󣬺ʫĽ͵ǰ죬мźԴ㣬һ꿴ңŮѣֻҪҴӦϸһӣһǿһ󷹵꣬ûдӦ
ЩĶǸߺһȰң˵ˣܿܰ㵱ɡʫЩ˼˵쵽˶ϡ
ʱһ񱼳ܳ˹һ̫źܸԵ˳
ʫʫڣġīֺһһȵЩؿ˿ΧĻ˵
¾֣˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵


169 
ӰϽʫʫкӡһ꣬ʫĸѦ񷼣ԵüΪ飬ͶԴҶС̬ȣȻͬҶСĺʫ
˳Ѧ񷼵Ŀ⿴ȥ˫Ϊ֮һδСѾͷԽˣѵõ崿׵ϣһ˿ģѪ񳱣мѡ
һŮ˵ı׼ʲôµ˳ϵ˴ʫԶϣܲ
ʫߵҶСʱɫһ䣬úѿҪѿжѿԴʫʱͱǾΪ˵òˣʲôֶζҪõŮӡ
ΪֻҪԼʵԷһӦģϾᶼǮֵͷΪȣǣǵŮôҲͬ⣬û˷ˣҪ֪һУŮʵ̫ټˣ겻ľȻ
ǽˣʫʫһʫʫС֣ԼδŮ˴˿̱Сأ
ղڿʱ򣬺ʫԶһ£ӺһԼҶС翴УסСʾοҪġ
˭ſʫʫʫʫģǰһߵҶСǰɫĺȵ
ҶС粻ûɿʫСַյĸˣЦЦЦǲм˭£
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໥˵ͷðһ˿ɫ֪ղ˼ºֻ֣ҪС
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ѦߵʫǰŤͷĿͶҶС磬ûиҶСɫſŮ֣ҲԼӣͷţҲһٶǮŮ⡣Ѧ񷼵ԴǼΪϬ
ҶСεɿ˺ʫС֣Բں˵Ļǣʫĸ˵ĻҪģҶСſ˺ʫʫһȥ
ΧһЩС̯ϰ͸̵ϰѦ񷼵Ļֱ̾ҡͷǺѦ񷼴򽻵һˣ֪Ϊ˺һŮҪȻܲ⻹أ
ǶԺʫЩǣǼĻڵһ֪ʲôöǸȴԼŮƣǶЩȥˡ
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顭һӰಣӵṦһ㣬˳ȥȴһ䵽˵ϣһѪ죬Ŷӣͣθлδȫ֮ƶҪ³
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˵꣬ɿĻӳȭۿϡ
ҵ۾ҪϹˡҵ۾ҪϹˡء˫۾һһģӻ֮Χ˹Ц
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ʱ˫ۿںһƬѵһֻèŭЩ־ָҶС磬ţб£ͱߡ
˵꣬óֻһ绰硭ءұ˴ˣ
ƽҵ֡ءһѱһ߿ࡣ
ҵ绰ɣ»ָӣݺݵصҶС磬ţһܵġһ߸ҶСźݻһȥȻҶСٴζ֡
ðҾšҶСһ֮ɫ


170 ˶
ɽһ߷壬λںӱʡе¡ؾڣʱΪʼԳǹҼȻ
ɽߴͦΣľдУηɽѩǣɽǻŻҶƮɣһɽļݴɽٺʲˡ
ɽ嶫һϲ㣬ҲǱƽĵͻȻһԨʹοˣҲ˵أΪ˵ؿΣա
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˵ΪһöѪɫʯͷ˶ʵ֣Ǳ򣬽ҶСֿҶѰ뿪УΪǷЩණƺͼı
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֣ǱϽһ湫ӵģûйãָֻ˱ԣɢĿϡ
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ٺ٣үү¶ˣһɱģһݣһݣһݣܹƽġ֣ǱеѪһӣ˵ûмѪʧˡ
ѣλѣΪܸߣ׷ʵ
˵Ҳʶʶһλѣүү벻ڶֺ쳾֮ؾȻ쾳磬仹СӺʮ߰ꡣ֣ǱϲĽ
ʮ߰죿ʲһ𣬸̾
⻹ҪģΪһһأҺѰ˺򲻹֣ǱЩ˼˵
ҶС֪֣ǱͰȫ˵˳ȥƶèۡ
ţһǸѧţʱĻ壬ҿ˵
ţүүˡ˵֣꣬Ǳ߳˴
֣Ǳ߳ȥĿо΢΢̾һ쳾֮ضһսŸҪҲ֪жŻ㣬ҪϽһѪɷʯ⣬ȥЩϼһ
˵꣬˵ӰȻ黯Ȼʧ
ƽҵСԽֲ֪ʲôʱһȺˣЩ˻ڵгԷй䣬ʱʱĿͶҶСϣĿм𾴣гݡ
ҶС翿ںʫҵǽұߣ˫Ŀ˯ˣɫЩĿǷŭ֮ɫĿɱ˵ĻҶСٶˡ
ͻȻгϳ˼ɫֻɫ˹ͣǰŴ򿪣ʮŹźɫġ弫Ϊʵ
磬ˣҪٲҾҪˡءߵһźɫȭε꣬ʹļ˼ᣬָҶС˵
ģֵǲܱ۸ġ갲οȻֱҶСǰĿһɣ۸ұܵģ
ҶС绺˫Ŀĵô
һͷǾ궼Χ˹Ϸ֮ɫһĦȭƣһԾԾԵ̬
ô˶ǰɣǺþ㿴˭˶ࡣҶС翴˿ʮˣǲм֮ɫ


171 ԭǺ
ҶСĻ䣬ҵϣйꡢС̯߳ŸСԵꡢܶҵ꣬ƽյĳźһ㣬ˢˢˢһŽһ˹нʮˡ
ʮΧסһǿ֮ɫĿҶС磬ͺʵͽʱǺһٺãǣҶС˵ڹڳϣУֻܰеļѹĵףڱһ졣
ҶС̻书
ҶСıǵ
ҶСһ·
ǶǳײĻ죬ջججϦ˵ͱ˿ˣûĿ꣬ûзԼݣԼ䣬ڶзԼ
͵¶ɣھʱڼʱ䶼ĸᣬʮ˿߰ʮ꣬Ƕʲô취
ʲôܶᣬеֶʶһҵʲôĹһȺֵļһܸʲôȥ˼ҿǣƼˣ˼лҪǣҪܷʣ಻㡣
˵ۣͬѧǵĶܣ˵Ĳ⣬絶ֻڷпԼʹֻ࣬ڶвľ񾭡
ͥΪ׸ΪҡҲˣҲ˹ע⣬ԴӸҶСе˶ֵܣܲͬһģȴʤֵܣһѣֵ֧ԮͬǮƽ֡
ȻҶСҲ⶯ǣȴ͹ȥһˣȥûĿϹŪΪ˴һֵܹеůͥ
Ӵ˺óÿ켸ÿ˶ֵܷϰٿǮ㹻ÿֵҲǲܣȫµͷȻһ£صĸжЦ⣬һ˭ģǷ١
˱˾ǵ䣬Ȣϱʱ򣬶Է˵Լҵ
ҶСչʾ书һѪڣڵȵˣ˵㻰ÿ˶
Ƿٸıǣı˶֪پе񣬲죬أֻ١
⼸۵ļһﾹȻΧǵżеһʱ䣬ͬʱȼŭŭ죬ɱ⻷һƬء
ʮ˰ΧţܵԷɢǿҵɱ⣬ڿԷһ˵ӣʮ׳ʵ˫ȶڴͷ϶˺飬м˸ԹĿ
Է˶ڣԼʮӢѵ֣ôˣǿ϶Ƕ֣˿ԼˣֿΧƻΧǵˣҧҧˣҪɱҪǡ
ǺǣӢۣҶСЦЦ·С㡯֣ʵУѧ
ߣôһų˵ô
ҲǸˣܵģǼҲͦǮģÿһͿˡҶС翴һۼ˵
ôȥǳķŭȻǮǮҲǳթ
ΧҶСǱߵˣһĿҶС磬پǷ٣һſھһ̫ţˡ
ҿǴ񣬴ӲΥ飬ʱͼΧңǡôΪҪȻҽĻᱻǴˡҶСЦſ
ݣ޳ܵģȴûмô޳ܵģ׼ӣ꣬ڻһȻӣ뵽ⲻ뷨Ÿ˶뷨ǣǶû˵ǿɲɵҪ˵ԷһǺܲҵġ
⻰ҶСµЩһ鶼Щԭ°
ǵͻǲͣһ仰ҶСɫͻȻǲ͵ĻҲԣǸˣʲôҪϵ·ͦÿģǼͶ͸Ұɣ
ֻ£ǲ͵Ը·ͳˡҶС絭˵

Ը͸ǮҶСҪһʱϽ˵Ҫǰ·ͳǾͲǣʮ˹߻ؼң⻹˵ãµڶ죬Ͼͻһţŵңһȫƽҵ߳Ļǻ缯ɱˡ
ǺǣŶҶСЦЦļ
ԸǮֻûôǮЩΪ˵
ûϵ⣬˭һأжó١ҶС˵ǴһЦݣЦݿڼǶħ׳ɹ̰Ц


172 թ
Ŀ֮£ŵǰȴԷȵ͸ϵǮƣΧС̯ϡе˶ɵˣ˭ôôΪͷеж
ʱѦ񷼸һ⣬ŮԺܿ࣬ҶС簮һӣҶСĴϿһλҶСֻſڵϵĸ󡣬ǣ˭õҶС羹Ȼôֻ󡣬Ǿ֮ϵֻз˲ϣŮȴֻһֻ졣
һʱ䣬ǿҵķģͷĿѣʫ˵һ¥ȥʫûзĸ׵ֻҶС磬ȽЩˡ
Ĵͷ£Ǽ˷׷׽Լϵֽпһ֮ȫ͡ҶС硣
ֻЩˡЩᡣ
ûû£˻ǲϺ˵ģǷǮԺ󻹶٣ʹ㿪ʼҶС簲οʾҪţȻĿͶһԼˣȥͳһſϺЩֽƷֵܹǮ
ͷϽЩˣһҲ˹ȥ׼æ
ñʺֽţøDVҶСһµ˵
һϲϽƨƨߵĴȺ˳ȥ
һ󣬵һ뿪˹ҶС繧ĵЩֵܹΪʮ򡣡
ʮͦģ㻹ǷʮдǷҪȻҪ㷴ڵĻҲûа취ҶС˵
ʱһС˹һűӺͱʣһDV
ֽͱʣǳ֮ɫǷôд
治Уѧ֫ͷԼ򵥣ǷдҪҽ̡ҶС糰΢΢˼һҶСϹҳһ˿Ц⣬ҽд˵ΪţǷһҽҩѣʱֻʮ򣬻ʮ򣬾
ҶСĻֱʱ²òͷDVд£һдһ
ľŸˣҲһдǷ
ˣǿˣĸ£ҸǵʻûأҶСǷݸһ꣬Ȼ˻˻ֵ
һۣǰ֮ıܣһҧߡ
ʱݲߣҪֵĻ˭ֻ֪᲻ÿдһǷ֪ԷDV¼һУʹˣҲˣֻܺ뿪
һʮˣɫ뿪
ߺҶСһЦĿһһȥ
ôҸ㲻ҪҶСܣ֪Ѿվ󣬵סȥ·
ʲô֪˭Ұȫʤ˰ֳָҶҲҰһŹġЩ־ĺ
ҶСߵǰһļ򣬡ģҲģˣˡ
תͷĿͶ˺һˣÿֻҪԴʮƾͿˣҪȻ˻Ǵá
ô֣һԥӣҶСбų⡣
ҧҧȻԻֱۣԼĶ⡣
˵ǵʸô㣿ҶСЦŶ
ǮҿԸܶǮϣĵ
ȻҳǮǸöѾȱǮˣһһʮ˾һǧˣҪǷҪңǲܾġ
ҶСĻϽӿڴóһŶƽпݸҶС粢ұһ룬ϣĿҶС磬ҿ˰ɣ
˵ߣҶС˵
ѾǮˡҪ޳ˡ
˵ǮͷߣҺû˵仰ɣˣʲôӣǰ˵ˣ߰ɣ
ҶС˵ˣɴ⣬ϽԼĳƺҶСҪһ㡣
ʱҶС˫Ŀ¶⣬ƾһģСγݺһ𣬳ǰĳƤϰȥγһӡǸһѵҪȻ˵ʲôʱֻ¡
ûпʮƵϽȥԶҶСɷ
ҶС罫епһ꣬ºƣҰǮȫȡ⣬ɢȥ
ߵʫǰ˵Ѿˣʲô¾͸Ŷ
šʫǹɵĵ˵ͷЩжҲЩȻ
ԲʫΪѩˣû뵽ˣҡ
ʲôҪ˵˼⣬ҲģֻҪҾˡʫԽ˵ԽС
лл㣬ʫʫûҪնϹϵкǼֱӱסʫһ
ʫǽߣĿҶСһۣôôˡ
û£ûпҶСЦſźʫһƬ


173 ĵ
һϴտտƿеƯͳȫϴɾ·ԸߴľԭǵһĳҲ¶˴εҶ
ϳ˺ʫҶСãһ̤У԰Ƕ߸ĳһźгĸоһʱ䣬У԰һЩŮӶָָ㣬עĿܾá
ĽѩѾ˽ңҶС˽΢ϲλϣװ߽˽ңҶС缷üŪۣҶСЦЦ
Ͽ廹û죬ЩϢ˽Ϊʲô˵Ϣأǰһ߸Ьˮ͵ײȻųڽſڣǽȴûκε˽
̧ͷȥȴһ㲵ӣɫĶŵϥǵĶ䣬ŵһ˫ƽЬһ崿ѧװ硣
ҶСһ֪кܴӰ죬΢΢̾һѿɲǸ򵥵ˣвЩ˼΢΢ϧ칫ҵһȵǣз
ͻȻҶСЩʹŤͷһĽѩǲĿԼǲˣ
ʲôˣҶС۾װһɻ󲻽ӡ
ߣͱװˣǰӣһţǣҲšĽѩĹĵĿܼᶨ
Ϊʲô㲻ˣѵҲֵΣҶСΪί
˵Ĳ˼˵ˣװˣҸղſɿˣ˵ղûжԶʦ˼룿ĽѩҶС
û뵽Ѿͷ۾涾СҶСȴûбֳʲôô˼룬ֻǾöʦЩԾѵûз֣
УҾͿһĶŶʦͣĽѩС졣
Ľѩȡ֣ҶСһֻƽ͵Ľͣ㿴ǶʦͺǼһ
ҶС磬ҳЦҡĽѩɱϸ˿ᣬףʦɫȷʵЩԣʲô°ɣ
ʱҶСЩ΢΢ĵ⣬ڿ˰ɣҿ˵ʵ
Ľѩһ仰ȴҲⲻˣҶС磬˵˵û¶ŶʦʲôΪʲôң
ҡҡҶСſڽ࣬˵˻Ůһʱ˵ʲôɣ㻹ˡ
ͬѧǣвʮʱ䣬߶꼶ͳ׽ˣΪѧУѧʣѧУ׼ԹĩԳɼΪο׼·ְ࣬һ̰࣬ص࣬Ķͨ࣬ϣȥ˼׼úøϰȡõİ༶Ϻôѧļʾͻܶࡣ
⻰׷ۣٴҶСûںҪ¸ĸģֱӲˡ
ʱϿˣżˣͬѧǶѧУηְġ
һڿ֮ҶСͷƵͷʵǣ񹦣Ȼÿ춼ӣǣȴȫоһ㣬֮Ҳ˵һ㻹Զ
ڽУ˵ÿһжǼ尾ڵȵ˷ѧʱ䣬ҶС׼Ľѩ͵쿵ĳϣ߳Уźȴûм쿻üͷ΢΢һ壬ôû˽
ңҸʲôҲ˵𣬴쿪ʼͲؼˣô㲻Ը⣿Ľѩɫ˱䣬Щѿ
ǵģܸһȥҸ˻أô᲻Ը⣬һΪʵڸҿЦأߣһǵСȥҶСĽѩС֣ǰȥ
˴Լ׵ľ룬иվƣ˵ӵʱ䣬ƽҵֵĹˣ˼ȥûĽѩЩ˷ܣʱǷѧʱ䣬ϵ˺ܶ࣬ûλվ˶㽫
ҶСһֻĽѩСһץŷ֣˶࣬ܲͨ˾εɲĽѩ΢΢ףüšһš
ͻȻ䣬˾Ȼһת䣬ڵǿĹ£ǰ㵹ҿҶСϽסӣͻеĽѩûе
ô£
ôã᲻Ὺ
㣬˭𡣡
ϵ˷׷׺ӷ˵˵ͳһţᷳѡ
ףô£ѵҳˣһ˵
԰ǰ··ģôˣѵĵˣ
ĵĳɣģֻǶһЩ·ѣûǻͻؼҵġ˾ĵ
ҶСͷһŤ濴ȥϷʻȥԭ·ǶϷҶСЩԾǾȴ˵


174 ܲ˾
УһΪӳ·ɵӳ·ĵһ·߹գͿԻصԭ·ϣҲֻһЩ˿Ͷվ·̣󲿷ֳ˿ͻǿԽܵġ
ӳ·䴦ʱȴûй䣬Ǽǰʻȥ
ʱϵĳ˿ͳײˣ˾ôģôأ
ҪǴȥһ˿ͺǲʵ
Ͽ챨˵Ҫǲڻʶ˾ЩˣҪȻôԴİϷȥ
ϷһƬĹһЩҵȾȽصҵߣ߿ûоҲûй˾ȴǴϹǸ˾⣬ͼı
У˾ˣ绰Щ˿͸͵
ô£绰ͨһ˿Щֻŵĵ
˿͵Ļܶ˿Ͷ110绰ȻͨĽѩҲóԼСֻЩƤĸҶС粦һ绰ûвԶҶˣһ֪źűˡ
ô죿Ľѩ˫§סҶС΢΢ͷʵ
ô죬¡ҶСЦЦʱҶСҲЩ΢΢ĳأ֪˾ʲôͼıѵǿֲӣ
ҶСҲԼ뷨һԷǿֲӣôһ˾Ҫˣӳ·ͨϹǸ·ֻܲ󳵵ͨ··ҪһǺܴĹȻǣǸʻȥ³ϵûһܻ
뵽ҶС粻Щĺ˾Ļһ˳ԼĽѩ⣬˶Ҫȥˡ
ôˣС磬ʲôĽѩҶСɫЬʵ
Щ鷳ˣò׺һȥȥȴ⵵¡ҶСЩƵ˵
˾ͣڲͣɱҲˡһ弫Ϊʵ׳վ˾ǰҡһ˾ŭ΢΢˾ͷͻһ£˾ĸ첲Ķϡ
˾Ŀһۣûлش𣬼ĳ׳ˣǺޱȣʱһߵ˾ǰһһѼΪĵӣ˾Ĳϣͣͣ
˾΢΢һЦżһԻ³ӻѪģǶĲ
йƨӵһɱ񣬿ͣһ⻮˾ƤѪ
״˾΢΢һüͷǶĲɻѪˣڴ磬ҪһŴȱ֮ģʹҪӣҲҪ֮У㲻ܵõĶ衢񹲽ˡ
žŵӵ˺ݺݵĳ˾һƣ𣬡ƨ񣬱˵Щ߶߶ĻˣҪȻ㡣
һҶС綼ĵϻС͵ȷС͵ôŵϳңղſӵַΪһ֪Ǿе֡
ȻҶСûиϵ˵һǣΪǾ죬ǣû֤ݣǣڶ־أС͵Ҳû˼ȥ͵ˣ³
ϵ˶˾Ļе˶Ϊ˾Ƿˡ
ӣǸӡ
һӿĳ
ô죿Ǹô죿ѵҪǼڳϲɣмŮֱӿ
ڼҳһţЩ־ǿˣҿ˳ֱȥֻǳ߶лɫ˻ţȥ
޺˳УղޱȵĺӴһͳͳӱ졣
һ֣̰һЩдſ־֮ɫĿ׳˾Ϊǵĸе׳ɢɱȴǾԷĻԷԥҪǵ
˾㵽Ҫ³С͵ˣǰҶС綼ں̵ܶʱס˾סôû˾ỵ̂´͹Ҫˡ
üʱȻ³ģҵĳǵĸһǾͻҹ񼣡˾˵һЩű߼ʵĻиǲˡ
ҶСߣǴʱĽѩɫЩ΢΢ףǸ˾һķӣǣҩɾȵķӣķǺܷġ
ģѩڣǲµġĽѩɫҶС簲ο


175 ΪǿҵΣ
Сʮӵ·̾ͿɵϹ
ϵ˶ĵģû˵һĬĬصȴţȴ˾һĶС͵׳εڹ˾ĻɫϣĬ
˾ĲͣҲûʲô취ܲɱ˾Ҫһ˶Ҫ˾ᡣ
֮ͻȻ䣬׳۾˫ֽҶСĽѩ˸һ˿Ĺâȴû˿ĶϾڹϣһȺǿɾͲˡ
ΪҪĻǿ˾ҪǴȥƫƧĵط˵ԼлһǸɫŮӣҶС磬ѹûе¡
ڵ˹˺ü䣬һƾɹһֱһͬһٳǰСĲֿʻȥֿŴţڶģƶħſ˴죬Ҫͬһ¶ӡ
ֿһƬЩ䣬ƲֿڣŴӲֿſĹ⣬Կľ󣬲ֿſվˣǰԼʮ״վһˡ
ұʮͣһҶСԺĿǳ˿ͣһЩ˿ʹӴӶŸ첲󺰽ŴдҪʲôҶС
ͻȻ֮һĺǺٶ߰׿źںĶ֪ʲôҶСĿ磬һΧȻһ޴ޱȵԲȦҲ˵ֻиղŽһûбڿҪȻᱻһԲȦ
ǰף޴ĲŻһӹˣڹرյ˲һ͵ҶС˫ĿһžȻøְƳɵģǺҲ֮䡣
ͣŵǰʱ˾ȻɲȻƿŰѳŷסһϵеĶһǳɣٶȼ죬쵽С͵׳Ӧ
٣Ҫʲô׳ųź
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ͻȻ䣬ҶСһᣬŵһζҶСѵ׼ǣܰҪĻղ·ֻҪѷ̶һ¾ͻȫУαҪô鷳οж͡
Ũҵζɢ϶һƬңĲȫˣŴӳߵ֮Щ˶˻Ͻ˲ܣҵ˫Ⱥвֹ
ҲҪ
ءҪ衭
ɥĲļһĲ
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䡭䡭м˺ײųţһζʱпܷ
յġ򿪳šʱ򣬻֮ʣ׳ðŷŭĹâͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ȺѰͻȻ۾һ촽˹
ĿĽѩŻ֮ʣһЩӻҵȺһ·ҶСĽѩǰĽѩĿ׳Щţ˫ץסҶСһ뵽ҶС֣ͷ
Сӣҹ׳ȵӶұۺݺݵĳ˹ͬʱһץĽѩ
ҶСһ˿ʱ򻹲ƿڣŸ£ҶС綼Щ׳ǲǳԴ㳤ġ
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ҶС̧ȣݺݵ׳Ķϣ׳һƽ˶ͳ˸ܵĽӴ
ءݺݵײ˳ϣ͹ȥˡ
ˣҶСһϢٵ׳ҶСĿͶ˳⡣
ֻվһ϶̶ͬȵĿȣҶСﲻͬʱһɼΪΣյĸоУ벻Ϊʲô˵ֵطסĽѩʹԷûճ׾ٵƳᡣ
ǣǺеָоġ


176 Է
Ȼ䣬ҶСֳһ⣬ʱǸĺʲôˣ·ʱõ࣬һȼȼյĺ˺ˡ
һһôֱʣѾûˣҪȼȼ࣬ȻѬˡ
һᣬ²ԥһĳȻǸ࣬һЩ취ܹȥģһȼ࣬ǿɾд鷳ˣ³Ϊûܹȥ
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ѩߡĿڴУĽѩ˳ҶС缱æĸƶȥֻϧѾˣĸˣȻͽԼϡ
һ㣬ȼ˺еͣȻ󣬵ȼԼϵͣʱ䣬죬һ޴ĻȦ˲γɡ
ĸˣĵ𣬾ܴȼգǵϾȻûһ˿ʹ֮ɫǼûǼгżȵĿȡ
˲վ˫ָ߾٣ͬ󺰣ȼһ꣬һ񣬹
߿ĪɵֿУ˵һѹ˵ĺƴһħһ㣬˾Щ䣬ȼţ۶ܿϵڻȻûзĺ
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Ľѩ˵ͷĽѩ˹ҶСС֣һߵ档
ĽѩϽ绰绰ʹҽȥҶСٵ˵ĽѩȥΧĹȣƬشһЩĹЩ˵ĹԶҶСֻҪͷ
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˵һ£ֻҳ޷ʾĻ޸һÿŵٿǲеĻ͵£Ȼٵ£һֵֵܷģСУһʼ
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С硭ҶСպͺ߳Ľѩ涵˹رҶС硣
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λˣȾҵĺӰɣҪĹͷͻȻ䣬ɱһŻͦʱ֡Լʮ߰ĳŮӣ˹ĵһ½ҶСΪѴ
𼱣㣬׳ʲôˣ˵ûҶСش𣬺˵˵󣬻ЩĿĽѩһۣĽѩıӶҪˡ


181 ٽ
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196 
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205 
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206 Ȧ
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207 ϷĻ
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ҶСĳҲ̫ɺ˰ɣǸ߽ûйӣоˣһǹҪִֻ֪нʱſԾǹġ
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Щ콫ҶСѺϾСԽ֣¥У۾һĻЦ
תͷų塢ѹһŮ˶è˵èⲿϷѾĻˣκ˶èư
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ģҲġ˵ȻתģģľǺ⣬ҶС磬ҵĳҪٱķʵʱˡ


208 ٽɳ
ƽҵ֣һƬĵضΣҶСϴѺ˾һӾͱķзֻǲʶҶС磬Ҳ֪֣һָָ㡣
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ҪѿһĻ߳ºƣóº⣬ô죬ʹŵȥҶСӾ۾գһ£Ӿ͸塣
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209 Բ
Τ֣ҶСĴӪУǸܿĻڣºǰλұߵһϣǰҶСλãϿŵģʹҶС粻Ҳû˸Ǹλãݺ˾
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ʱɫصҪʦˣȦľʦڼı֮ĸⶼļͷӺأء
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Ҫȳ٣ͦѵġ˵ǰΪһͷϴ󣬾ڷ⣬ղĻ֪˺ܴ鷳
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ʱ˲ˣٺǸõ塯Ĺϵܺã˵԰æʵڲвǻзٵǸŮз׷
ȥҷپֵλѰɣºƷ˻
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ЩˣѰۼڷװЩˣǿԴЩ֣һº˵
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210 ı·
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ҪԷôˣҲôģĴǷƳԷٵΪ˭סº˵
˵Ҳǣǻǲ÷һ·ٱҲߣǣǣ޹ҡ
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˵ţЩ΢΢Ĵ˼ƾҵ˶ӳλãǺΪһ漰˸߹ӵܵİӣû˽飬Ѫ참һЩˣͱ䵽ʵΪǼ£ΪӰ쵽˺ܶ˵棬Ϊ˹ȫֻ֣ýҰһɵ
һֱˣѾˡҶС˵
ʵҲֲ˱ˣǹ㣬㲻ͼıᣬΪܲңҪȥıԼ
ıԼѵҪѧǵӺһ̰ۣͬ꼤ش
ڲҲǺͬ𣿡ҶС¶һ˿֮ɫ
ҡ걻ҶС˵ĶʱƿԣЩȻϣʧȥ
ôã֪ʲôأܲ˵˵֣ҶС˵

˵ĸıԼ˵ۣͬǲôĹֱҶС绺˵
ֱЩɻĿҶС硣
ԣֱ飬ܹܵþȥܣܲ˵İ취һҪȥܣŵʽ棬ٻеģǵжԵ϶ǲŹκλģȫȫΪ¹Ȼǣȴô˷˵꣬ҶС˫ۣΪоˡ
ô˷۾ҶСܸмĵлл㣬һġ
ҶС⼸仰дҲ˵һþ졣


211 
йλĽֳ·Σ˵ȽƫƧǺܴΪǹһصλſڵССûУԵЩ塣
һºڿ㳤ڷĹһľֱվڹſڣĽֵһصķ羰ߡ
Χ˷׷עĿЩ󵨵ŮͲסįٸóԵֻŹһġ
һԣҲȥͿ۵ŮӴڨͬʱ⣬ʱǵϷЩŮӵʱڻҪҪ졣
֪ô£ԴҶС󣬻ͱˣҺþöûŮˣҶСһЩѹָУҶСʵ̫ߵԵʰɣȴϲַΧΪΪᾫĺܿ죬ǰΪǺأٶȼҪõؾ磬ƶһʱ䣬ǣ̶̼ʮͻˣﵽؾ磬ⶼΪǰҶСһɽ
ѹ˶Ŀ׷Ƕļᶨٿ˿ҶС統ЩֵǵʹΪǡ
ͻȻ˫һнкǿҵĽŲӹԶתȥһŮ˳˪ЩӢĻ֮
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ǷᰣʵлŵĹǶҶСĹ
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Ϊ̵顭
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һ͵˷ᰵİ칫ңҲڣڿǽڵһϷʲô
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ҶС֪ղϺչص˼豸ûУϺյԷȻѾˣ׼һٳֻǿ𣿼Ȼû˺֮ǣҶС约ʲô֣ʹס˫֣Ҳһ۸ġ


212 跴
ҶС磬Ϊ˭ֻһֻϣȻҲңҪһӶεʫʫ崿ŵӣһ֪ǸðСģҲֻҲߣǼƵζҲҪúó޺޵ĿҶС˵
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ٶȺܿ죬ΪҶСһӦʱ䶼ûУ·ѾҶСӡһʺӡĲ
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ѪڵдҶС˵
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Ļ䣬Ѷҵžʹ˿Ϻ˽ǰһĻʱˣ⣬⻹һ٣ôӣˣˣҵְλˣе


213 񶾼ƻ
ղſڵʱϺվ͸еЩԾˣҪԷ϶ֹϵģϵġ
ղŻŵĴôͻȻˣѵתˣȻܣˣǸı䲻˵ģоЩ΢΢Ĳ죬ǴѶҵţ˽ȥ˭֪ȴһĻ
һ٣ֻһſڵϣлŨѪҺҪǱжǱҪ౯ж౯ҡ
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֪Լκβ˶ԷֶֻҶСˣбһӵĻûйҶСˣҶ֣ǣǡþиݺݵһϺգŭֻұ˼ʱ㶼֪
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үԹ޵˳ȥϺյɫϹҳһ˿̵Ц⣬ҶСǰӵĳȡһֵܴľ㲻Ǻ㶼Ҷգҿ㵽жô
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У׼ǰ֯ͷĿ飬ϣýӼ
ҶСһݶԷʵ̫ݶˣԼýһ̵ӡȻٽҶСϷͥ󣬷ͥҲעŵģνڿ𣬼ʹṩ֤ЩȷأǵҲӰ쵽ٵо
ҶС˫ĿһϣѤĹâʧϺһ˹Щ־ĶҶС㡭ʲô
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㡭㡭ϺָҶС˵˻г˿־壬ǿ־壬Ҳ֪Լô£Էһ䣬ʹһ䣬Ȼƻ˵˳ȥҪ֪ˣԼҲһƤ
ȥЩӸǸҶϣɢЩԡҶС絭˵
ҶС쵼ָŭʢҶСһ仰ȴһйˡ
ˣѾңղĳȫ㿴ˣ˵һӣ϶ܰϧԼ棬Ϊ˹˼Լ⣬㻹𣿡ҶС綢۾˵
ϺջһǰԸǲŹԼģǰˣ̫ˣֲþղŶ˿
Ĭ˺þãһ˿һҧãȥֻһΣҿɲܣ벻ɾҪˡ
ãл߳һлģԺ˵Ϊѡеҡ
ϺҶСĻһת˳ȥ
ҶСĿ˼š


214 취
й֣ᰵİ칫УƤ˼£շ»һҪѷ⽨ŻΪڹص㣬ǣǡþеʱҶС羹ȻѰ죬ɵͷ۲ѡ
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ڵĵľָ֤ҶС磬ԴŻ̬ȣͿжϳһϲģ¶ʱڣһıͶˡᰵĵĵ
ӳȰ˴³ɳǱ߽ӹ˵
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ʲôҶСѾˣ󣬷ᰴ󾪣һӱʶҶСºܲð죬ݺҶСˣܴ󣬾ȻڼԺҲ˵ϻˡ
ȥԺ̫Ѩ˵Ȼ󣬾߽˵ݡ
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ô죿ֻҪԣȻɾӥʵӣ²УͶ²סæøվϢ
ô죿ºЩˣһҪжҶС粻Ϣ˳»ҶСӰܴġ
²裬ǿЩԷٲϢҲԷϢһԽ¶ǵնġӥ˵
ûʲô϶ԷϢӥʵ
룬º۾һ˵Уǰ죬Ǽ˾ĽϹͼôǼ£ǶǷپȳģ˾ǰŻ֯ĳԱӦУֻҪ֯ãԷЩǱģôٵЩ֯ɾͲóˡ
˵꣬ºƿ
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ǰ㲻ƸѧЩӦѲǰɣ͵
԰ô⵵¶ˣд˵꣬ºƸϽ˳ȥ


215 ̬
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ҶС˰ǰ̵ͽôΪʲôҪôĿĺڣ˵ͨ
ˣһǵһ߲ԱӵܣҪȻ˭ôݺңûмһץˣڶͱϷͥģһ˵м䶼һʱĻڡ
ߣȹҵķҾͰ㣬еܲܳɻÿˣͥ϶ˡ
ںϵʱϸ̳ȫ죬ҵһͿһʱ䣬񶼶԰̴һ·ǳȤǣǳӡ
Ƕ֪䶯һʱ¼г̿ȵͽɥĲĽ׼ǺǶǳע
ʢһҶСѧڴ⽨ţһץ˵˺ܶˣҵĲأһҪϴȴûʲô֤
ϢϷ贫˲һӵʱ䣬һϢȴ˺䶯ԣеҶСѧΪһٶٶΪ˱רݺҶС硣
ҶСʲôŴ֯ߣ෴һӢۣһ䶯¼УҿҶС磬ڶ˵ȫЩϢ棬кܶ˵ԣдʵǶһ¼Ҵߣ֤ҶС粻ͽӢ
һʱ䣬Ƿֳɣ˵ֳһţ˵ҶСӢ۵һռϷΪʱȱӢۣòף˵һӢݺأ
ӥڵϣͣŸվ̳ɵȵȣЩϢһûнЩϢѹȥԷڻϲܸٴš
ʱ򣬻ûдҶСһͥϢֻڽϵͺġ¡ŻὫϢ
ԺҲĽ֣ȴһ·Σӵĳ̽˼ԺΪǾҲûϾ취һˡ
³󣬷ֱҵ˼ԺһˣԼھУͬѧʣһͦκꡣ
ᰣþöˣôʽ˰칫Цʵ
УˣôûмСãʵСʵŮѣӦ˵ˣڰǰѾˣ·СҲĺѣһڼԺղŽʱ򣬲ûп·Сãԡ
ЦЦǻˣЩ㡣
ôͻˣЩȵʴ
ǺǣҲ죬ҲСˡҸ˼ˣЦʵ
أǧҲǻû¡˿˵
ҲϽɼҰɣһͬѧֻǧûгɼңŶҶˣһЦӱҵûټһһЩͬѧ˵ˣȻǵָĿŷᰡ


216 ŵҶС
ЦһдɫʵھУһУıưƶϷ涼Ʊ̬Ҳŷǧ̬ѹһͷ
Цʡ·Сáᰡŷǧ˶Ǻѡ
Ц׷ᰣֻǱ᰾ܾˣüıõᰣŷǧʶˣЦŷǧᰵĹϵ񻯣Ӵˣͬİ·
ǰҪᣬҾͷɫһ˵Ҫ֪ҪŷǧǼڽЦʵһʼᰶԽЦкøеģȴżȻĻ˽ЦӵұҹܻᣬԽЦĺøһ¾ʧˣˣŻܾЦ
úúãҲᣬʲô£εİ˰ֵΪЦʹһֶģϾΪ׷ԼϲŮӡ
ǼԺǲǴ³ɳҶС磿ʵ
ҶС磿ǵģŸոãôˣʲô⣿ǰ֯Ĵߣѵʶʿ᰾ɵ˵
ƨ֯ĴߣǱݺġʵĻᰴһ䡣
ʿЦһ£ڷᰵԸ˽⣬ҪǷһ綼ˣȻᰲһڷʻЩС¡
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ǵãһ𰸼ҶС統ʱڹϣʱϵȫȳģҪľʮˣ߸һ˻ǰͽңǲ֯ǰ£æġ˵
⻹Щˡüͷ˵ǱݺģɲС
ȻˣЩ˶˵ǼԺˣ˵ǵС𣿡ᰵʵ
Ҫңҿûʲôĵ¡ʸϽ˵ҷ
ǣƾĵӣҷ𣿡ᰱӵĿһ۵
һ治ҡЩε˵
ģҲģֻȥ˵
΢΢Щԥ
ôУᰵɫÿ
ǣֻǡãҴȥʴӦ
˵ձŷŹѺҶСĵطȥ
ԺǼԺѺĿҪɳüǽ׵ǽڣһһӣһӣ滹̵ǵذ壬֪ܿҶСҪˣʳǺܷʢģһȣһһײ˿һˣʱѾˣҶСŽĵһη
ճ˼ӣʾһͬ־ʱԹѺҶСķţ˷˽ȥ
ģȳȥ˵һҶС˳ȥɫҶСϿһʵɵĺúӣ̾һȻ˳
ʱ׵ȷˣҶСǱԩģȻ˵֪֪治֪ģǣһ˻Ǻ׼ģûг
ԷûУûгԵĻһ԰ɣҶСŷָָЦ˵
ҿﻹͦڵﵱԼļˡڴϣҶС翿ϣӳŷ˵
֪ôģһҶС磬ȻھֵʱǺܵҶС磬ǴʱҶСӣ䣬վû
ҵļҾͺˣеĳԣеסҶСһ߿ٵĳŷˣһ˵ԷǼʮûгԹһ㡣
Զˡ᰽ĵҶСһ۵ղŻҶСǿҶСԷʱЩ΢΢ۣһ˿֮ɫ
Ƭ̵ĹҶСͳ˷ᰵʵôֺңǲϲˣ
ޣ²˭ϲСƨһϾȻûвĺΡ
ҶСЦЦڷᰵû⡣
ʲô£ҶСʵ
ʲô£ȻǿôܽŪȥˡ˵
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ɣѵ֪ҪϷͥˣҶСĿһ۵
ʲôҪϷͥˣôһ㶼֪һ
ǻûмʱ֪ͨɣǲŸո¾ҲǸ֪ġҶСһνӿ˵
ô죬ô죬ҪϷͥˣԷѾ֤ݻ֤˶׼ˣ뵽Щ
ҶС˹ȥ˸⣬˵ˣģа취ģעҪӴˮһա


217 ý
ߵ㵽ߵ룬ʱŵʱ䣬ʱһǻ϶Ѿص˼УϰԵĴ򿪵ӣţ³̨ЩߣϾǶԷһЩ»Ǻϣ֪ġ
꣬÷⽨ŻϰգϰǶ⵱ȻἰʱĹעԷֹԼϵƭܵ˱֮˵ĹƻһСʲôڶˡ
Զʱʾʮҿӵľа˼ڿ
̸ҶСһ£˵ڽץһ̵СͷĿСͷĿȻһеһѧҶС磬ҪڵڶмԺһʱ䣬ҶСΪǽֵĻ⡣
ϰǶҶС̬Ȳһ֪ЩǳشҶС磬άİҲк˾ҶССӦһЩϾǸѧ˹ƻȥҲֿġ
Щ֪ʶͷԵ֪鲻ļ򵥣ϿֲͬͿԿҶСкǱԩġ
ǲʶֵƽϰգЩ֪ʶӣǶԴºܹעڵȴŵڶ취ԺǵȴʮӺġ¡Ŀ
ĿÿֻΣֱΪǸˣԴϬһѪֱָìܳͻĵطΪϰս˲ٵ⣬ϲǶ뿴ôµģѻֵصϰնǳڴ
еĹʱ䣬еԤǡ¡ĿˣһƯĶرϤˣм
ڴ£˵˽Ļ⣬ҶСһ£˵ǲֻ棬ץסҶС˵Ǵ⽨ŵͷĿⲻ̫ţΪ˭Ҳ֪ʱ׷ʲô¡
ͬʱԼʶҶС磬ΪҶСˣҶСһǱݺģȻᵽһڽĿǸڶӢۣ˵һû˵Ӣ۵ΪƽڲòˣΪλӢ۾ҶС磬ͬʱ˻ó˼ͼƬҶС˵ĳͼ׼רһӢרõķ̸ģȴ¡
ӻǰһȻдЩݺҶСˣʵΪݣǲò˵Ļʹû֤ݣǶ˻ǺŵģΪˣеʵ˵һˡ
ڽĿеĹУܶеǷ׷̳ϡ΢ԣǿҪӢһףЩ֮ͽкܶ˶˵绰Щ绰ʣӢ䣬Ժ˭Ϊ£صĹԱϽ壬΢Ϸۣһµġ
Ŀ˲˵ڵĻǡյӢۣյط
Ŀ󣬺ĵܰľôˡ
֣Ǻ֣˭˵Щģ칫Уһѵźղű쵼н˰칫ң֪ԼҪˣΪ˵ЩͺǶβϲһЩ෴
ѵ˵Щԣһ䣬Ŀλ쵼һۣݺҶСˣҲ֪Ӣۣ׵ģΪ˵Ƕβϣ㰲ʲôİ㻹ǲˣҲҲգ
˵꣬Ϲŵ֤ȡݺݵˤ˵ǰﳤȥһŭ㵵쵼
Ǿ޴ģںϢǷ׷ǿǴòֵúܴ󣬻һ쵼̬ڶڷͥһһġ
ĿǰʽϿҶСջҪڷԺ
Է԰УĽѩһղŴӵ֪ҶСˡ
裬ܲܰС磿Ľѩ߽ĸ첲ĵǵǡ
иȻǼѩôЦͷ
裬㵽װﲻĽѩЩķſ˽ĸ첲Сһǲӡ
⺢ӣΪǸСӣȻˣģһµģղҲˣղǸѾ˵˺ܶĺ£оǻַ죬ǲҵġᰲοҶС
СĻû£ĽѩŽ۾ʵ
ģѵ˵ĻʵڲУæҲϣǼѩüġ˵
лл裬ˡĽѩпĵı˽ĸ첲
ǸѾͷ治ָܹŵ˵ҶСһµĺ˵
ߣ˭֪أҲʶС硣ĽѩЩĺһȻ˵ǿϵˣǣﻹЩ΢΢Ľ⣬һתȻЩˬҪллҶС塣
ôǼѩҲѧԴˣЦŵ
衭ĸŮ


218 ºƵת
Сλ³ֱٶ״
Сڣһ¥ʮ㣬һ䵥ԪڣһСŮɳһ߳ʳһŵӣʱź˵ҶСǼµһĻ
СŮ󣬼Ϊ峺͸۾ôģףֻǸƯ㣬˵硣ϲȸԾЦݡ
ϷͥСŮЩɻ󣬴ɳվŤͷ裬裬ҪϷͥˣ
磿ʮ֮ϴԡڷһŮӵЩ΢΢ɻ
ҳλ硣СŮͯɵ˹лЩ΢΢Ĳ죬Լ边Ȼ˴硣
ûӵʱ䣬ϴԡŴ˿һԼʮҵŮ˳ʪĳͷϣѩһİɫԡϣܹԡȻܿزģС˫ȻԲֱԵúеԡ
裬ղ˵ҪϷͥġԼ˳СŮ˵
Ůӿ˿ӣüһ壬ǰ̵ͷĿôأǻ
裬磬һܿСŮգˮĴ۾˵
ģһæĴġŮСŮıϹ˹Σ΢Цŵ۰֮ɫ
£ֵֹĿӣȥһЩϣһȥĸ硣ŮһСŮͷ˵
ţС»ܹԵġСŮܹɵĵ˵ͷ
ĸŮǱˣǵҶСȳǸСºͯ
ʱҶСҪϷͥѾ˳ºƵ˵ĶУټĻУºƽȥղɳȥ˼ȥҺõʦżĵȴţҪ֪پҪϷͥˣûʦǲеġ
ʱһСܳææ˽Щ֮ɫųºƵƸ磬³ˣһżһﴳ˽˵ʲô˽ҹܻᣬҪȥ鿴һЩĿ˶ˣǻҪǵĴãʾǰȫڴϻǺƽ
ʲô˾ȻǵĵطǲˣȥΪ˷ٵ鱾Щ鷳ܷ꣬ʱȻ˵ңⲻǸҷ׼ȥЩ۵ļһĵطҡ
ܻиûʣװ޵رĺ޴İɫεĵƵڽɫ컨ϣΧǽȫΪؽɫ߹
ʮżһɷվڴУһЩ˿Ͻ˿ǻ
һµĹվǰǰվʮ꣬ŮЩ֮ɫվڹ̨Աߡ
Ҳҵǣ֪˭ǵһˣЩСҲҺǵһԣǻòͷˡΪ׵һĻڵĿŭȵ
վǰһ仰Ҳ˵Щм֮ɫЩһﲻһȺ߹Ͳֵ֡
ѣǵﲻ֪ʲô£ʱ򣬳º˹
ҹܻϰ壿Ϊ׵ֺĿųº˵ЩӣЩм
ǣ֪żһҪʲôºƺܿʵϵıĮ
иҪҵ˽ҹܻᣬҪȥѲ飬ÿһ¡Щͷ˵ͺԼǾһ㣬һӦӡ
˵ţǰȥ·˫Ŀɣ׼һ߿
ţλֵܣϻģҪʲôˣѵֻ֪ҪǽǵĿˣҪȥˣҲ̫Ƿ˰ɣºƳ˵
ǷЦЦһǲмĿųºƣǵһһʺʲôʸ˵ǷΪ˭ͻģͻģƨҷһʲôÿҰ£ҪȻҰǵĳˡ
ĿͶ˳ºƣȻǣҶС罻ӳºõĻ
쵽Ŀ⣬ºüͷǱİɶ˵ֱӶ֣ǶԷȴǵһģЩѰˣҪ֪һͻеľͷǲССֶѣһ˼ңɾǵĿͷˡ
ЭУôܳˣĻپûˣһ뵽ҶС磬ͻȻһ˷ڽصʱ˵һ仰ºƣȻҲģĲݣϣܸĵ
̼䣬ºƵʻȻһ£̥һ㣬͸һϣλߵƣݲñơ
һϢ֮䣬Ƽɵ̬Ҳ˾޴ת䣬֪һζ壬ҪʱȡһЩ֡
ĿϬ絶֡


219 
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º˹ϵ˵֣ٿºͻȻɢƣһ˿ɫ΢΢һ۹ⶼͬˡ
ڳºˣЩԸһЩͲǸɴµ߱ģҪҶС磬ͲºƹǣҪǶӦһֶλĻΪ֮ѡˣºˣԲϡ
ºƲԼ֣һƱػᷢìܣ֪ˣᶼᱻһ١
Һãº֪ܲղڳºϷʲôƴ䣬˵ǰƽ͵ĸо͸Ӧӵеķâ
ǣеܸˣԵĸˣҶС磬û뵽˻׼
ºƵûж֣վһԣЩ˶֣ǶҶС紫ڵĹӵĲһ㣬پһĽ̵һ˳ֿȭżһˣǺɵġ
ʮѾԾԾԵ꣬ڳºƵһ£ƻ˹ȥԷһ㵣һʱ侹ȻûзӦǲųºƵ˾ȻҶ֣ǿǵһﰡϴĵһ

顭
ҽײһ𣬳ºһˣѸͣĿɱɾ䣬ûӵʱ䣬ʮˣȫʮ̵ˣлЩʺϧ֮ɫƺΪûоˡ
ãܺãǾȻҶǵһ飬ҵţһҪ´󺣡ղΪ׵ǸŲסѪıӣһ޺֮ɫĵ
ҽȫȻ˫ӵϡºɢŷ˵гʱᡣ
ζֵǹЩֿƲסûдѶԷá
ȣһӾͳǰһĵϣһƿƵᣬû˿ǣȴ̺ľ޴İǹɰ͸ֱƻԷ
죬ʹزҽţ˺ѷΣ˶쬵ġ
ડડȾѪݵ˵ϣΧһЩ˸ϽҧҧԼݣûڡ
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ꡣҽźݺݵ£һͷѵȻһ˶ԷСϣͺݵӰǰ㣬ҹܻſڷ˳ȥ˴ϡ
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³ºƵĻЩɴ⣬ǿ־֮ɫ˳ȥģⶼһȺʲô˰ô
һЩ߳ȥ󣬳ºһСֵ֪ͨĵעһĶʲôϽ
һԱ˹Сɨصǽ塣
ղǸ˵ºߵ̨ǰһƯĹ̨Сʱָֻƽûаļӡ
ƯĹ̨СĿСǣĵ˭˵ϰûζղſ̫ζˡ
ŵͬʱûǳºƵĻͷ鿴ż¼ҵˣ
¼ŵºǰָһֵţղһ˽Ҫһ;ˮȴûҪʲôơ
503䣬ȥºƿһֺд503⼸ԵĹ˵
503İ䣬ºƵĹ˽ȥֻһڰжһ˺žƣ˽ûκεĻŻʲô֮ı飬ʵ˱ǵ˴ˣܸлǡ
ʲôˣﵽʲôĿģº˹վǰһɵɢ
ڳºƵ£žˮһ˵ϣɫ΢΢԰ףЦһ£ɳһǱ׷ɱģΪ˱ѡ
㲻Ѳ飿ºȫʵ
£ҲڶģĶͱסˣĴҲһȴкܴİΪǲѲġΪѵ˵
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Ѿʮˣƶһ󣬲ѡΪΪҷкܴҰģһҰĵ֯ǲܵġ٩٩̸ɢǻ۵Ĺâ
㵹Ƿĺܶԣʲô֣ºʵ
ţڲŷǶͨˣЩΪǵһİɿ߽ӲԶˣлǾңǷһ飬ܼķΧ㣬һһæġ
㣿ܰʲôæºЦһʵ
Ҳҵкܴ츳ڼƲıԷҲκˣҪһͳеĵ֯ɣҿ԰ǡ˵
Ҫͳһκʱͳһ𣿡ºбŷĹâ˵


220 ﻮ
һ׾ٵһͳеµҪʵѵԼǰЩֻǱĻصĺ
˵ʲôãȻûãʲô˵꣬ºƵ˫Ŀųɱֱ۾׼֡
ղŻţͷһЩ亹ܸоԷǶɱġ
ô㻹ʲô£˵㵽˭ʲôͼºƶţϬĿ̴ܽ
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Ҿͽţȥ飬ûʲôĿġ
סΪʲôᱻ׷ɱ
ZʡɽУҰʡĸ߹٣Ϊһ£ˣҲ׷ɱŷ·Ըǰ£Щ΢΢ʹ
ӥһĸƬӥʱòһЩºŤͷߵĹ˵
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ҲõһܵûбطȫĵطˣɵӲŻܣ˵˵ʲô°ſųºƵ
ʱ򣬹һһߵ˳ºߣûзҲûзžһɺ⣬һ˵ʲô˰ô£ˣʹߵǰɱˣ㶼֪ôġ
ˣ˵Ķģ׽̰ﱻдͽ̣ţҵѧʦרҵѧ꣬Ϊҵţǰά޹˾̶䣬ʲˣ·͵˰©άＯҲˣ֪١
꣬ĻºƲţӥ֪ģԷڸ˵ϸҲ
ðɣȻˣҾ͸˵˵˼һºƵȻҶС˵һ飬ֻû͸¶ҶСǵϴ󣬶ǳҶСһλѡ
Ų˵ʵҪϴҲʲô£ܶԷֽͨ죬ôһϷǣҲȱģȣݳǳϷ˻ڣֻҪҳһߵΪҪЮͿ֤
Ѿ˺üǶǱصũ񹤻ͨĹˣ˵ҵȥǼҵ̣ȥһٿǮһǼ򵥵ѵһ£ǾȥˣԷҪԱʧˣҲº΢΢̾һ˵
Էͦƻģ²һ˿ϷͥʱЩϷеҪͻ֤ˡ˵Ȼųºʵûʲô֮ģ
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Цˣ£ǴԷģһûµģҶı绤ʦͥô
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ƻеģҪҳ˹Щˣȥ֤ͥӦûȥģҶȦ׵˷һĴ󣬾ûȫ˽ҶĻȫ̼ƻ
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221 ͥ
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ҶСѾڱϯλˣı绤˺ȻͯţҶС翴һ㶣ͯʶȴ֪ԷǸʦΪǳºƵ˸ʦʵҲǿǡ
תͷ˿ԼϤĺܶ˶ڣĽѩЦЦЦĵ˼С£С¸һƣǼ͵ƣܶϤ˶
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222 ʦ
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223 ƾת
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224 ͷ
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ǸúӣǼҿɶһ㶼ԡ̷Ӣ佱ȻͽתƵֿɶϡ
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˵ˣ⼸㲻ϺҶ𣿡̷Ӣֿɶ
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㿴һ˵Ǹ顣̷Ӣҡͷ̾˵
ɶҪ̵̰ĻһԺӣҪײҶС罫ĿͶֿɶϵֿɶεĺֵ䣬жԼĸ߶ôһԹҲǳ飬ҶС绹ϣֿɶһ㸸ĸ
ǣС硣ҶС磬ֿɶһܹɵó̷ӢЩ⡣
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ҲޣΪߡʫ˵ᣬûп޳ҶСΪѹ
ҶСḧЩ͵۾
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227 㣬
Ľ֣һƻֺ롢߹Ի͵ǼƵ꣬輯µľƵ꣬ΪƵꡣ
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һװ޵ĺ˿ŵ׷УһĿŵϣҶС类ͷŵǶţ͸ĲΣ󣬾ȻһԲһƽһӾͻ飬ǻȻ飬һҪж͸߳ļɰ
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ʵʦ⣬ǸͲ˽ҶСʵʧǱȻᷢġ
ҶС磬綼ҪҪ㿴Ľѩ³л龰Ӣ¶֮ɫƬ̼ɫָ˹üͷѪɫʯͷ飬Ŀǰ˵²֮ء
ƽҵֱ֣һ֣Ϊ·ͻĵ̣һҾ¥Уװ޵ĻͦݻķУһŮȫſɳϣèվŵ̺ĵϣӺţж˺صĴϢŮ˳
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ҡèüͷŭȵԼŮڳ˳ˣһŮӵƨϡ
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ˣ̫ˣΪһֵ˾Ȼûе飬̫ʧˣҲԼԼ̫ǸˣҶС绹Ǽ򵥵ȴô©
ٿƵϣ˳ʱѾȥ۾һضҶС硣
˵ĵϸ֪ģԷһλΰĴߴʦǣȻˣ֪ҶС粻򵥣ܲ򵥡
صԣ򵥵˳ȥ
׼ط¹滮һܽϴѵãô
ƽСҶСķУҶС翴ֻΪԼŮ۰Σ˺ʫĽۺ촽뽫ԼİⶼһС
˵촽һʱ򣬺ʫеб˳ҶС硣
飬һ̼䱬һ̼ȼ
ӵźʫ˴ϣһƷ࣬һһڣ⿪µĿӡ
һʫȫ£¶˰֬ļ͸ķۺ죬ҶСǣȥԼϵ·ֻʣһá
ȼŻ棬׼⿪ʫϵĿӣǣʱ򣬺ʫס֣Щ˼˵ҡҽЩ㣬


228 ţ
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ҶСӣʫҧ촽ͷҲûҶС硣
¶̿㣬һ˫޳Բ󡢰ȳǰַϣĸʫϵĺθŨˣҲЩ١
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ô˵أŪ˲ϲµġҶС˵
ҸղŸ˵ˣ㲻ʫĿһҶС˵
ҶСһͣղźʫȷ˵ֻǸղԼԣҪ˼ҵĿӣţòͷš
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ʫͷĵ͵ҶСǸλãϽƿĿ⣬ˡ
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ʫ쵽ˣͷҡĸ˹һ㣬ǲͬҶСҪ
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˴һζͷȻ¶죬ǣеζȴǲͬķʽͳĸΪ̼
ʫķҶС磬裬Ƭ̺󣬾ܿҶС˳۾С
ĸоһһ󣬺ƳˮһϮʫࡢ⣬һǿҵĴ̼
֪˶೤ʱ䣬һɸΪǿҵĴֱ̼Դͺһһк硣
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һʫֹͣ˿ԣվĿҶСһ۵㺦ġ
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㻹˵ʫҶСһۣȻϴּ˳ȥҶС˺档
ӵ˯˴ϣҶСӱźʫ˫ַǶԻԲϣʵ˵˵ζô
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ҶС粻ʥˣҲŮˣǸˣ˶һֱŮ˿Ե֮С
ʵʫҲû˵ڿ佱ʵʵ˵
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ԺҪҪೢҶСЦһһ˵
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ӵŮӣʲôأŻ˭ĺ˶ҶС
ԼڶŮӻƣĽѩʫֿɶзᰡȣΪ񹦣ǶԼ⣬ȻܹܵõǣܵõôѾĽѩˣѾͺʫ˹ϵѾԼЩԲĽѩˣٺŮ˹ϵĻ֪մСô
ȻĽѩ˵ҶСܸоĽѩǳĻͺʫֻûнҿѡ
ÿ˶ϣԼŮȺռ齫ǣֻѣʵܲпᣬǸŮԸͱ˷һأǸԸ˹һŮһ
˵Ůбⲻ˵ǣѾŮƽˡ
˿԰СŮҲС˿С㣬ŮһҲԵӣ֮ƽȵģṹһ⣬ûʲôͬ
ʹأΪ֪ôȥѡÿŮ˶Լɰصһ棬ѡĸԼжźŮҲᰵˡ
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ҽоԡ
Щ˻ȥΤȥţҪһЩӡǡЩҶС˵
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ʱĻУºơ˶ڣ޻ֵˣûڣǶæ˾顣
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Ū˰죬Ų֪ºƲǸ֣һ֣ɢôǿ治֪Ϊһϴжôǿ
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Ȼǵϴôأ֪ҶСһʮҵѧҺܲ򵥣ȴû뵽ҶС羹Ȼǳºǵϴ󣬹ֲãºƳƺΪ١
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ᣬᣬôأЩ鹹ĶѣҰο仹ЩΡ
·֪Ŵʱ飬ºһļԺǾԼˣЩҲø˵ˣѾµһ°ɣǶˣҲߣС˵еЩǴڵģֻͨ˲֪ˣ֪һʱѽܣܵģǺǣҲһʱƾĳһƣһӾˣǶǲǿˣԼ۹⣬ˡ
书ʵоȻ书̫ˣҵʵˣҪҵǻ۸٣жЩȡ
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˵㻹ûİԼϵҲ󲻵ð
ڷᰵŭֻĬĬܣ֪Լԣ˵Ժܼ̣ܲҪŮأ
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߳ѶңһŮ˹Щ֮ɫӳˣѺרһ;Уײ·ߵķϣ˺صˣѾ͵ҽԺǸרҲ֪ȥ򡣡
ʲôᰴ󾪣Ѻؾֵ·ʱרҵ绰˵Էˣ׷Ѿ绰ˣýӵ֧Ԯ
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ȥҽԺĿȼŷŭĻ˵һרйأǸͲ֪νרҸһߴʦҪ֪һѺ˵ģҲͲֱˡ
ҶСΤ·ҹܻߵƽСʱһϴСſڵ
٣æˣҶС˹Թ˵
æˣˣлл㡣ҶСӾнϴ˵
Ϊ飬ҵҡԸϽ˵
Ͻȥɣţúû˵Ļɣ
ûУһúġԼᶨ˵ЩҶС˵ĻؼУֻҪʮڴﵽؾ磬ʹһ׺õĹ
žͺãúŬ⣬עһˣţʲôڵĵطҶС˵
Ƿ١ԹĵȻӪȥ


232 ô
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潫ã߽󣬾Ϳ˺ʫѾ˫лЩɵ˯⣬ӻûϢá
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󣬹ɵĺʫ׼ȥϴ룬ҶС統ȻˣǺھڻˮΪãҶСһټ£ʫЭˡ
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ˣ㻹ҪæҺ˾͹ˡʫʵҲϣҶСȥæǣ֪˲̫˽ˣҶСܻܿҪܽҶСռסˡ
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Ȼ䣬ҶС뵽һ£Щ˼˵Ǹ˸ǣǸ˲һѧңһʦ
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쵰쵰ǰƤɡҽԺУŭɫݺǽϴȭйԼеŭ
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ҶСǸ쵰ڲŸңǸרʦҪǸ쵰˵ͬô£רôܣŭĵ
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ѾΣڣΪԲܵǿҵ𵴣ڻڻ״̬˵
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֪ͨڸ·ϡ
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УֹѺķУɫĿ˫ֱӷϵʵ˵˵ҪҶСȦף
ģĲңҵĴ㣬ҲǱõģҺҶСûʲôԩ𡣡޺ŵһӣټʧȥ˼ͣҪж
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󣬷һֱȻĿ㶵óһƬƬϣһӳſһŮϣյʱڲĵģֻܿ˲
˵ʱ򣬷һЩŵĵô


233 Ϸ
һ糿ҶСû˯ߵӾˣΪӦֿɶҪȥԡ
С磬ĺ磬һΪڴϲ𡣡ϴϣֿɶŸ˽
ǰ죬ҿǴӦ˿ɶҪͿɶȥԵģôỹڴأҶСЦЦԸôĶȫûУ
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Ҹ˵СͣͲˡֿɶƤһͷ˵
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һǰѾΧ˺ܶˣĸ̳ͣСγ·ߵͣλҲ˳
ʱǾŵӣ˵ʮʱһеУŲŴ򿪡
ôࣿɽ˺ĳҶСһ㶣ǵʱǸμпʱԶԶûôˣȻ˵һСسǲܺһȣǣҲ̫˰ɣ⻹ֻһ㣬ĸеĿ㡣
ѹѹһƬһ϶ѧȺľһ𣬲֪ĵʲô
оֿɶŵĸ첲ЩҶС֪Щţţ͵ƽʱԣһܿһС
šֿɶ˵ͷȻЩ΢΢ĽţǣҲӰ쵽Եķˡ
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ǵĴţҶСһпڵĺ˼泬ǰºǰǶ̵Ķܿˣڵ͵Ĳûոշظ¶
ѼѣˡŮֿɶŵҶСĸ첲ȸԾЦݣŮߴߴһ죬ǵĹرĺá
ɶɲܽλ˧˭ֿɶΪѼѵŮֿɶ˵
ŮǸų̿㡢̵ܶŮĴŴҲ֪ԸֱȽϿ͵Ů
ɶ㾭˵СɣһͷĺܸߵŮҲƯŮָҶСʵ
šֿɶЩɬĵ˵ͷ
ǳɶ˵㣬ÿοԶǵһֱ̫˧ˣҵż񡣡ŮСǣ󵨵סҶСĸ첲С磬Ժ𣿡
ڵЩŮʵ̫ˣԼˡʱˣҶСεĵ˵ͷԡ
һСŮŸ첲˦Ҳǣ˦ɣ־ЩΪѡ
ʶ㣬ǵϵǸԩ˵Ӣۡһ̷СŮҶС羪
Ӣۣôһ˵ҵˣǸϵ˵ĴӢۣС磬̫ˡҶС첲Ů
С磬Ҹһ¡ʱֿɶ˹׼ҶСѡ
ýˣԼ˵ĺã˧磬ҽμѼѣҪǵŶμѼѾǴźܴ󵨵Ů˵󣬻ҶСһۡ
ҽ顣̷СŮ˵
ֻۻۣС磬ϲӢˣҪԺ޸㣬ôͷĺܸߵŮֻۻۣǳ֮ɫ
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С磬ÿǵԵģǼġֿɶҶСǰ˵
СħŮɲ˵ǣٵλ˧ǰһӡμѼѹĿһֿɶ
СħŮҶС翴ֿɶ㶡
˧磬㲻᲻֪ɣɶСħŮˣʱһ׷ɶͿɶԼᣬɶϷѧʱڽҵҵűǼˣҲǸҵĵ磬ڽдһϣ˵ڶֱӲˡμѼߵҶСҶСһֻ첲˵
ǻǸҳע⡣ֿɶ˼һۣЩ˼ĶҶСЦЦ
˧磬Ůѣòã󵨵μѼѱҶСĸ첲ĥǻûзȫزȻƵƵ
ѼѣɲҪȿеġֻۻ۾ĿμѼ˵
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ƽ͹ƽ˭˭ֻۻ˵꣬ԴҶСĸ첲ϲ˲䡣
ҡ
ȥȥȥ¡׼˵ͱμѼѺֻۻͬʱˡ
塭ʱһУ԰һһеУŴˣ볡ˡ
˧磬ҽˣݰݡ󵨵μѼҶСһڣľѧУſڡ
С磬ټֻۻ۲ʾҶСһһҲˡ
ƺЩĹĵӣǰһĽҶС촽ϣȻ󣬺ܵĿ˿ֻۻۺμѼѵıӰһֿۣɶþУſȥ
ֿɶͷЩԹĿҶСһۡ
Ǽ˵ıӰҶС糤̾һԼȻСŮϷˡ


234 ӡ
Ůһ߽һеУſڣҶСЦһ£ת˿뿪˲䣬оһĿ⣬ȴûҵǸĿԴ
Ƿƽʱһҵõǽ죬ȫ鿼Ҳ
˭ԼѾ쾳磬ĸ֣ҪȻ߹ֵһᣬв۵ļһԸԼһһ̵ĽѵҶС
СʱֿɶͿˣýֿɶһؼңֻһط䣬Ҫȥ˱ĵطʱϲѧУſһ·һֱߣԽԽӽĵλãҲԽ
ţҶС΢΢һüͷбųһĨ⣬ֻһţǰȥ˴Լ׵ľ룬ұһǺܿҲǺܷĽͷҶС˽ȥ
ϣԽǰ߾Խ壬ߵĵ̾ͱϡˣţǰ澹Ȼҵİӵ꣬ҶС֣ѾƫƧˣô￪꣬˷˭ȥ԰̫˼ˡ
ѵΪİӱطĺóԣ㲻
˼֮ʣһҰӵɴһŮ˳ҶСŨױĨֿ˻λС磬԰ӵģϿ
ԱôأŮӴŵǺɫȹǶȹ̵ĹƸպܸסΣȹֱµһ˫ɫĸ߸Ь
Ϻķ۵ףסգüëεˣеֻüʻļüĽëҲǼٵġ
⴩ţ磬ôǷԱԱӦһЩ崿һŮӣġ
ʱŮЦݿ˹ΪǵҶСĸ첲ӵȥ̬˶ܲˡ
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ɻŮӽȥ߽ȥһסˣʲô֮Ķûпˣյġ
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ŮӴһСţߵһ䣬ģŮӺˣһֻ˿̨׳ҶСǰߵǽģ֪մ˶۹
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ʵĲʵ̫ˣһʩ֪İ϶ô
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ǵһɣŮʵ
ǡҶС˵ͷ
û뵽㻹Ǹ磬һۡŮϵЦԽԽˡ
⻰ҶСоЩԾܸоֵֹģǾȴ˵ʲôһѾһ쾳ĸˣʲôΣղɣȥ
һ䣬Ѿߵ¥ϣһľųǰŮӷſҶСĸ첲ţ˽ȥ
ҶС羪ˣƣŮ֧齫Ůһŷɫë̺ɳĵĿ飬Ҳ֪ʲô顣
ﲻӵģҶСʵʳҶСԼЩɵⲻӵģġ
ҶСĻŮһЦָڶŮ˵ɲǰֻҪȫ꣬ѣô
˵꣬Ůֵǣпˣ˭ԸλǸ硣
Ҫ𣿡ŮӶɳϿԼʮҵŮ˵
ˣҿǽˣٶҵɳԲˣôȥɣʱ䲻˧պ䡣Ůӷе飬ָһϮǳɫȹŮ
ҶСܲǵǸطⲻǼ𣡴ũ˴Уֻ֪ͷ֪Щ̶ǹͷģ˵ӵ˼ɲǰ
Ҳǰ̫ˣ̫˽ˣѾһµʱ䣬ǣĹҲı䲻ļʶ⡣
һʱ䣬ҶСƤѾˣҲ˵Ͻܳ
ߡҶСŮʱעҶСĶҶСҪܣϽסҶСĸ첲


235 ϱϻ
ſҶСĿбų⣬ȵ
һڵ¶轵˺ܶ࣬齫ϵİŮӶֹͣеĶе˶һ
ҶС첲Ůϵı齩ӲûзſҶСĸ첲ѵͷ໹Ǹݲ磿԰ղֳʲô֪ӣôأ
ΪҶС֪ʲôطģרСģǾͽҶСǣҶС̸ֹпͷҶСǸ֪ǸðӣҵһЩĻ֪ʶ֪
С磬ɲ˵˵߾ߵġŮǿЦһ£Ȼɫһ䣬˵
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ȻղҶСɢƵȷǸе־壬ǣڴ㶼ˣеֿ־Ҳʧˡ
ৡڴ齫İŮӴ齫ÿ˳˴Ĵָͷֵĸֽ֮ĿҶС磬ɳϵЩŮҲ׷վûмһĿȴ̺ɱ⡣
ҶСЩ֮ɫûнӴЩŮӵʱҶС绹ͦͬЩŮӵģϾûǸŮԸۡ˱ӵ۹⡢еµȥ顣
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ǣڿЩֳּһһ֮ŮӣҶСеǵͬ齥ʧˡ
ߡҶСһһƥƴɢһҶСиߴһΡĸߴ󣬶Ǿɽеϡ
ͨҶС첲ŮȳܲסҶСɢƣҶСǰЩŮӱҶСɢŵĻʧɫ
ॡеļһﶼ˵ϣͨͨȫܲסҶСӴƵѹ߹˵طϡ
ҶСɨ˼һۣȻת˳ȥ
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˼ҶСͣ˽ŲЦһǰȥֱߵ˼ʱͣ
һŲԶ󺺳ҶСǰ
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ҶС⣬һеѧУſ˼ʱ͸оڸû뵽ԷôǿԼ˰ӵ꣬ԷضԼǻԼ֡
Сӣղˬ˰ɣһĴ󺺱ӵĿҶСһ˵
ӹǣҲӣЩС㻹ûиоʱήˡӵͷ׳Щм˵
һһ͵˵û뽫ҶС
ҲǣҶС嵥ͷǻһͷǲ˸󣬶һҶСôǵĶأ
ҪʲôҶС絭ʵ
䣬Ը񰡣Ҫ˿㲻˳ۣǺһ٣ܺúġһ˿ɫ
룬һǣǰһŵûǷһ֪Էͦ侲ģǲûаĺ֮ɫǣЩ򵥡
һ룬ôǸ˲򵥣
˭ҵģҶСʵȴ뵽ʱ׼뿪һУſʱһĿ⣬ѵǵĿˣ
˭ģһôǶܲ˵ġӵͷĴ˵ȭͷžǲм֮⡣
һȭҶСգǲ̵Ц⣬·𿴵ҶС龰
ҶСĮĿһۣк絶Ҳһȭ˹ȥӵͷ󺺵գ֮֮ٶȺ磬ȴ󺺵ٶȿˡ
顣󺺵ȭͷճȥҶСһȭʵʵϡ
ǿô󺺵תһȦͷðǣѪѪҺȾ˵ļݵ˵ϡ
ˣ׵ˣеһһʱȴǿʵͺ컹һؤȴҡһ䣬̡
ǿҵķ󺺾ǰܲʵһΣܲпΡ
ȹеʱ䣬һĴ󺺷Ӧ˹ǿ־壬ղҶСĶûпֻǼԼͬȭͷûлӳȥʱһԼͬͻȻתһȦѪ
Щˣǰϣֱһֻϻ͵ϻ


236 ɵġӵͷ
ʱӵͷĴʹ˦˦κԴ˹ŭܣģǸ˵ղ͵Ϯˡ
Ϊȱ˼ݣѪɫĭǹӵ
󿴿ҿûмκˣҶСֱӱˣҶС绹һֻ־Ϳϡ
϶ղſ˭͵Ϯˣӵͷɵ㶵ʵ
һǳ˳飬һȭڻ֪˭Ҳ̫ˡ
һҶС綼ЦʵɵЩɰԼһȭȻǸ˭̫ˣϾȻȻһȭЩˣҶС
ѵҲûп̫֣ǼˣӵͷӼǹⶥԴȻգĿͶҶСϣ˵ѵ㣿
˵꣬ҡҡͷ˵ܣô㣬һйһУûݣҵݶ˼š
϶㻹ǲǵãǰҸ㽲һҳȥϲʱ͸ӿиӰڿзɣʱ˵й㻹ţˣӵͷȫҶСˣϲĶһĴ󺺽
϶ôЦôѿӵͷ󺺿϶ЦֲЦı飬Щȵʵ
϶ʱһҪӵͷ󺺺ݺݴϼƵĳ嶯סˣĿͶҶС磬һ˵֪ˣˣû뵽㾹Ȼôôֱ˵ɣ
ɶղŴҵģӵͷ󺺵ڻЩš
ʱ϶뽫ԼѾ˵ˣԼǴ˼㡣
ҴģôԣҶСЦЦʵ
ӵͷʶĵ˵ͷ
ҶСˣȭͷӵͷ˵Ļؿ˶Ĺ켣ԼֻҪһͷܶȥһ㣬ȴԼͷˣֻĿҶСȭͷϡ
ҶСȭͷҪʱͻȻ䷢ҶСȭͷ˵Ŀ죬˼άЩϡ
顣ӵͷ󺺵˽ȥȻָֻԭ״ֱӱ޴ĵ˵ϡ
ѪֱĿǻҶСһȭȫˡ
оôҶСЦʵ
ʱӵͷ󺺲űҶСһȭˣԷֿƿֲǿ־֮ɫ
˭ģҶС翴űΪ϶ʵ
ү
үү˭ҶСüʵ
үǵһ︱ֺȫĶӡ϶ʵش֪ԼҪʵŵǸİ
һǵһǳǲˣҶСЦһ˵
϶һԷȻһﶼûзҪжʵҪ֪һпǵµϴû˸ҵһˣеľҲҪֱ档ʲôͻûзڵһ֮ԲΪһΪԻˣΪеĵһƽ״̬Ųǵ¼ɡ
Һԩ޳ΪʲôҪңҶСʵܱ䡣
˵㼫ΪĲ˳ۣһ١϶ͷ˵̧ͷҶС۾
Ҳ˳ۣ
ǼλƯŮΪĲ죬ԲŻ˵㼫ΪĲ˳ۡ϶ԹԵĽ͵
˵ûҵȷǿҶСֻۻۡμѼѵǵ̬еܲˬԽҶСԽǾò˳ۣΪԼ׷˺þμѼѣ˼ҾͲҲɫơ
˵ǵһ︱ү˼ȴ߹ٵŮǿֿ϶С
ڿǰǶʱУȴҶСμѼѼŮԵúܣҶСܲ˳ۣҪ֪ԼһԷǣȴԼ㲻Ůˣȴ㶨ˣһǼŮͬʱ㶨ˡ
˵ܵǿҵĴǱ˺ҶСһ٣Ҳû뵽ҶС˵Ŀֲ
ߣһ˳أҶС˵ȻĿͶѾӵյӵͷ󺺣߲ܣ
ΪǻҶСˣ˵˵ͷСһ㡣
ߣһѧУſڡҶСĿбų⣬ɨһ˵
ҶСǰߣ˺һβһں棬ǿ־֮ɫĿҶС硣
˰Сʱʱ䣬ߵһſڣʱʮӣһСʱǲſԽжʮӵĽ⿨ʱ䣬Ҳ˵ŻһСʱʮӵʱܳ
Уſڼҳ֮ܶ࣬ɫĵȴԼĺӡ
ҶСĿ񣬰ת񹦣ŨŨ֮òڣߵ󺺾ö꣬ÿһӶǼ尾


237 㲻˳
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ǲҶСĿ磬ƾ֮չ᰿Ĳӥ˫ۡ
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238 㶼ио
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˼֮ʣ˫־ͻμѼѵ·Уոܵǹ⻬ϸļҶСͿЦһ£Լ̫嶯ˣΪҵĽŲ˽ԣ˹
ȻҶСо˹һӰӻιҶСֹͣеĶ΢΢̾һǵŭ
뵽ŭûУһ伫Ϊ뺷ĻμѼѣ̫ˣȻұǳԶʳУҷһ롣ֻۻ۵
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239 ǲ
μѼѺֻۻѹҶСϣֿɶܲͣûԼС磬ھȻˣԼĺѣ΢΢Щᡣ
㶣һܲܲҪô޳ܣǳ⣬ܵøһɣ
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ҶСˣЩŮʵ̫ǿˣ̫ˣȻԼǣҶСᡣ


240 èǽЦ
飬ˣСҲǹģСɣֿɶҶС磬ҶС˵źû
ҶСֿɶͶһмĿ⣬ЩŮ̫ѲˣղЩɶģڻвԼǣⲻǺ
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241 ҸҸ
ЦҶСЩɻĿᰡ
ᰵĿͶιĴ󺣣˻֮С
Цһ쾯Уѧǳĳͣʲô棬񶷼ɡǹȵȼû˭ѹƹȻǧǸ⣬Ǹ̥ıΪóģѧУУǶҡǧЦʡ·СãǼ˵ĹϵǳãֻΪһ£ǵĹϵˣ뿪˾Уȥ˹⣬û뵽Ȼˡ
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Ŷá˵꣬γԭ·ء


242 ҸŮ
ҶС͵ѧУſں󣬷ᰱ㿪ߣҶС缫Ϊ벻ͨǷΪҪȥѵΪں߲ܸõͷԼ飿֪벻ͨ
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μѼЩĿҶСһۣ·˵㿴ǶڰңҿôӳҵģѾŮѣǻԹƽġ
μѼѵıҶСЦһ£ԣЩЩŮҪĽѩǸ̳ˣ֪ҪƢ
ɶ˵˵Ṇ̀Ƕ仨ôƯûǿɶƯֿɶ˵ֻۻۺμѼҲ˹ȥǱСֹţʱʱҶС硣
ǵĻҶС
ֻֿɶ˵ѩƯˣҴ˻ܺá
ɶô춼˶ˣȻ˼ҽˣ̫ûϢ˰ɣȡ㡣к޹˼ɵ˵ܱ뺷
ǣ㵱˴󣬽ȫӪƸȥֻۻһԸ͵Ψ粻ҡ
û뵽˧绹ͦģȻҵһǿɶƯŮҵ۹ûɶҪ׷С磬㲻ɣμѼЩ˵
ŮһᣬμѼ⣬ǵļ˶ˣָ𣬸Է룬μѼҲ˦Сһ⣬ˣߵʱҶСܸоеį
ǼߺٲֵֿɶҶСĸ첲Եúܵӡ
С磬᲻ÿɶֿܷɶʵ
Ȼˣôˣʱʱʲô£ҶСЩɻʵֿɶʵ仰лʲô˼
ûʲôǾýС˺ܶ鷳ֿɶͷ˵
Ǻǣû£ɶǵ鷳С綼¡ҶСһЦ˵
ллС磬Ҿ֪ˡֿɶż⣬ҶСһ£Ҳֻһ£ϽͷСһƬߺ죬ʱʱ̧ͷҶС磬ûŷĵĳһ뵽ʲôһ㣬Сˡ
ֿɶŹûö೤ʱͻصƽСսֿɶͽţṳ̂ͨ¥¥ݣڴеֻ
ûʾ֣ҶСЩɻĽ绰Ϊһ˭˵绰òʵι˭
ҶС磬ò˰ɣ绰дһǳϤŮӵǺġ
ʱҶСżˣϣҪһ̸
ûٸ˵Ҳ㡣ҶСЦЦ˵
ûǾͺãʮӺҾܴﵽƽСûڵĻҸϵ֮ǰϵ˵ȻҶ˵绰
ҶСޱƵĽֻװ˿ڴУĵЩŮôһӣԼû˵Է͹Ҷ˵绰Ҳ̫ûò˰ɣ
߽䣬ûй೤ʱ䣬˽һԼһԼһˮһҲ⡣
˵ôˣƼûкȹˮһ㡣ҶСֵʵ
æһ죬˭ûкһڣղŻɷˣҿﻹˮӵˮͣ˴ϡ
Ҫô̸ѵҶСʵ
ţϢһᣬ̫ˡ˵ֱһ
ף㴲ôζŮϵζҶСĴ˵ȻĿͶҶС磬ҶС磬㲻ǱĽѩҸŮ˰ɣ


243 ȡ
Ϭ˫ĿţҶСоâڴ̡
ҶС˵ٴ˵û뵽һĿеӢ۾Ȼ飬ţСС;Ժ˵á
һƬ䣬˫ĿǷŭ֮ɫӴվ·ǸζȾ壬УҶСһζ
黹ûŪô½ۣҲ̫˰ɣôģĸŮ˵ĻһԼļȻñץסѱóʴ⡣ҶСǳƵ˵˳һ䡣
ҶСĻЩȷЩˣղҲ֪ô£ԼŵǹŮɢĵζ󣬾;úܷŭĪķŭǰӵе侲ȫˣûôǵȥ˿ȥ˼ͽҶСѵһ١
ǸͻˡǸ⣬˼˵Ȼ˴ϡ
ʹĵǸҶСһ㶣ܿȻˣԸǸܹϵˣҲܼǿﻹ΢΢㲻أǸҲǺ£ҪһŮӼʹ֪ԼˣҲܲϣǵ֤ݰڷŵǰһ仰ӡ
¥µĿɶһͬѧһ󡣡ҶС͵
ɶڷԺʱǸһһС磬еĺȵֿɶһСŮƭˡЩ΢΢˵
ѵҲƭˣҶСϹҳһĨЦʵȻ˺ߡ
˵⻰ʱҶСЩڣⲻԼԼҡ鷳֪ԷԼһĺøУ˵ڵϷ
ҶСĻˢһӾͺˣٿҶСԱߣʱЩţװ򾲵ӿҶС˵㣬Сëһ˼뻹ûгأƭ˵á
˵΢΢һ㣬ԶҶС硣
ѵ㺦ˣ±ƭˣҶСЦ˵
ʵЩ£ϾҶСŮѵˣο˵仹أɲϵʱ򾲵˵£ܡ
ǺµĻղΪʲôҪƶӣҶСʵʱҶС綼֪ԼΪʲôҪһź
ƶˡȻҶС۲ϸ΢ǣԾɲϣͦͦ
û뵽ǣ˾;ЩҶСղ˵ʱǰһ㣬һͦ壬˵ıǼǡһ
Ͻһ֣ЩңϷһ㵭ĺΣ̧ͷʱҶСЦеĶ
⣬оˣҶС˵ҶС磬㾹ȻϷŪҡ
˵꣬СȭͷҶСȥҶС׾ٵľס
ŮӿɲҪ㶯ֶŵģҪŮһЩҶС翴źǺһЦ˵
㡭ҶСĻޱȵգҶСһۣȻҶСгԼ
Լ׾ٵľͳ˳ȥҶСղŲûн󣬶õ̫ˣûסƽȥ
ڴߣĺ棬ߵλҶСκȥͷĳһ־ͻӵϡ
ҶС統Ȼ鷢һӯӯһյСһͬ˴ϡ
źϵζǽҶСһɳ嶯ĸоݺݽµŮϧһǣʱĽѩſɰǺݺݵһԺУкʫë顢ӰµԶߵһĻͼ֣ҶСǹɳ嶯ȥ
ʱŮ£ռò̫ԲԼˣ΢΢ĽҶСݺݵȥƷһ£˫ĿԾһƬȵĴź
ȻĲô𱬣ȴҲǸ͹ĵط͹̵ĵط̣˵ָеģ͵ŮˣȴޱȻŮˣѹϾ͸еǱһŻһ㣬ȻûȸС
ҶСһ£Ȼ뿪ԼԼЩ飬òƻͦϲҶСѹϵĸоͷҲ˲ʱ䣬ͱˣӴҧݺݵĵҶС磬ʵ¸ô㣿
ʲô£ҶСװܺͿɻ
װˣղΪʲôҪңʵ
⻹治ûشѵҪ˵Լװ״ռ˵Ļǵġ
£һΪʲô£ⲻǸȡˣ˵ղŲһܣҶСƤ˵һԼɵӡ
û׼Ƶ֮䷢ЩΪԺֵǲ²һƵ˭һ¸ԶˡǺǡ


244 ׼
ҶСĻһϣһﻹǺ޳ܣǿԼھȻ˵Ǹȡ裬ֱ֮˵ҶСסʱоһ޷ĿУǿиĴ̼һʱ䣬ô˵ǿжԼĳǡ
ҶС磬޳ܡ̲סһ˫ĿݺݵصҶС硣
˭˵ޣݣˣⲻ𣿡ҶСһЦ¶ŽղѵûиоҪȻԣ
ޣڲŷǸå治֪ĽѩôһġЩߵ˵һﾹȻղ˵ˣ޳ܣ
Բ𣬸ղһʱ嶯ϣ⡣ҶС粻˼ЦЦ̬ȺܳϿҡ
һҶСһۣôҶСѾռıˣôܲȥ水һɣοĵǸˡ
ξԭˣԺٸռұˣСҸĽѩҿ֪Ǹ̳ӣЩҲ˳ۣҪåΪ˳ȥô˵ţ¶˲õЦݡ
뺫ͬǣҶС˵ĲҪĽѩ֪ˣĽѩԸ˵ں֣ǣ֮ƱػһЩѺۣͺʫĸЩˡ
ҶСĿǿˣ˵ģڲ˵ģҪ۸ңɾ͹ֲˡ
һġҶСǿЦһ£治ǸŵģֱҪ޷
Ͷˡ͵ĿҶСһۣһʶȤӡ
ʽĹ¼ҶС統ʱʱеĸܵȵȣ⣬Ǹж¡
̨ҪʲôҪʣһӢ¼϶ܹʿ϶ߡ
̨쵼׼Ǳ쵼һ٣¡ĿҪǻ˵Ļ϶ǿҲǿҪλ쵼绰뺫Ȼ쵼֪һЩļͥ󣬺쵼˻ȥͨҪΪҶСһרõ顣
ڲҪˣŸ߰˶ѧ峵ָһҪ㣬˲ſҪЩЩˡ
רýһᣬˣҪϻȥΪһڵĽĿ׼ҶСӢ¼ͬʱҲڱıҶС磬һֻýǿµģȺڵġ
ڶ죬ҶСվֿɶԣ磬ŮֿɶϢһγ˼Ůûٺ֣ǾϢһ硣
緹ҶС绹ڳ̷ӢҳԵģȻ󣬾Ůȥһˡ
һϹʱһѧУſڶеϣҡԼΧһСȦָмһ̣Ǻݶ֮ɫ
׼ûУͳһ̣Ȼ˳ʵ
׼ˣһʮ֣żһүҪﶯ֣һʵ
ʲôطһȽϤ֪ĶбȽƫƧСʵ
ѧУźһֱ߶׺ϱиСķݶǲǨƽʱȥͱȽƫƧش
٣ҪȥЩɻʵ
ǣȫǱߣҵĿ֡ҵ˸ź˵
٣ǽˣһԷô죿ҿֱѧУſס֡һͷ˵
׳գȻǵһǱȽϴ󣬵ǻûд󵽿ӹĵزֻҪĲǶһֻ۱һֻ۵ģҪеȶ˵治ᶯֲǣҲǵĴеЩ°ѱһǵһĴɾЩΣˡǻ۵Ĺâһ򶼺ͷԣȴ΢΢Щ竰ˡ
ٽѵǡͷϻ̳Ͽֵ˵
ģһģҲǸͰӵˣҪȻͲô˵ǰһˡĹͷ;ļ˵
ߣ֮裬һҪʮٱĻ㲻ǺǼ̸Ҫǰ棬ǰүүкݶ
٣ˡʱһĴָҶСһ˵
תͷһֻҶС类Ů˹ԽԼ׷ŮӾȻǸһӣܵˡ
ܵܲˣóסΪڻʱ


245 ±ǳ
˧磬Ƕһк󣬼㣬ҲҪװʶŶμѼĿ˸Ĺâ
ղҶСǼ˿ôʱһӾͳһѵ⣬ҶС֮
ôأҶС˵μѼŮҶСͷۣΪԷĴ󵨣ؼǶԷĿ⣬Ǹľܲˡ
ףǡʱҶС翴˼ҼˡҶСĻŮ˳ҶСĿ⿴ȥ˼ҡ
Сһ⣬ڣѵС̫ˣתż˵
С磬ǸòҪɣ㿴ǵ飬һ֪ʲôƣС磬ȥѵѵǣøÿ͸⡣ֻۻ۸ҶС⡣
ߣǹȥҶСϹҳһ˿ЦӼҵĿз˺ݶĹâһ֪˿϶ưոݡ
ððСܿˡֻۻֳɿ죬˷֮ɫ
μѼѿһۼңȻĿͶҶСϣЩǣ˲֪ҵǺΪҶС絣
ҶС˹ҵɫ˱䣬Ŀޱȣ󺺿ҶСʱǶɵó˳飬ǣλȴһĲм֮ɫǵг޵ļ⣬û¹˭ҶСһС䣬ǸͲ۾š
ҪʲôҶСߵ˼ǰһĿҶС硣
ûеҶСشֻۻ۾һ˵Ȼˡ
ֻۻһȻĻŮ㶣漴һЦ⣬ҵɫ࣬ѿޱȡ
㵽ʲôҳʵ
ֻȰһ䣬ЩˣǵﲻңһҿɾͲֳˡҶС絭˵
ĻҼסˡ˵⻰ȴû˵꣬һ仰ǣ˵ĻһӦϵġ
˵ѧУſڣ˸
Сӣ㾹ȻҵүǻˣߡͷھҶСʱĿзź˵
ӵͷ󺺺λһĴ󺺣ҶСЦЦк˶һûٿҶСһۣ˼
ҶСʵĿֲ˿ᣬǼֱǿֲ޷ݣҶСʵֲ˼ңҸͲţΪƭΪжûΣһѻƵɣ˺ݺݵһ٣ҶСʵ飬Ǿûڸ
Ǽ˵ıӰһĨҶСһҪˣһȺ֪ˡ
ʱһУ԰дһеУŴ򿪣Ƕӿ˽ȥŮҲУſȥ
ߵʱμѼѸҶСѵҶССһ㣬СļҵıҶСЩ΢΢ĸж
Ů߽ȥҶСѧУΧȺܼĵط˹䣬һתתһڶ֮׳ԼڵԴӽ뵽쾳󣬵ͺһ޴ĺڶô֮ݵ¡
ҶС뿪Уſںӵͷ󺺺϶֪ĸð˳ҶСȥķ΢΢һ
϶һҪ֣ô죿ӵͷʵ
ôĻǵȻˣҪǲˣҲȥֱ֡϶˵
˵úеô졣
СʱҶСٴλصѧУſڣѧУ·һϱĿ
ʱڶ࿼ѾӿſڣֻȴŴ򿪣ͿԳУţ׵Ľˡ
͸ԶֽſϵҶС磬кӿЩ˷ܸУΪ뽫ҶСڽµʱԽԽˡ
ۻۣǿС磬ʵ̫ˣû뵽ڻô˧һ档ָҶС˵˷ܡ
ϴϣ˵С绹һߺ졣ֻۻ۴ŵСóֻҶСġ
һһеĴڴˣŮҶС˹
С磬˧ˡ˹麰ֻۻ۸ǽֻ˼Ƭ
ҶСεĿ˼һۣ뿪ɣֱ塣
ôؼңҶС翴˿ûҪߵ˼㿪ʵ
ǼѾ˵ˣϲؼˣڿɶ棬С磬ɫôôѿֻۻ˵
֪ΪʲôСɫôѿһ±ǽϳˡĻһôı뺷
ҶСԴֻܱʾΣ͵ûĻ
Ǳ˵ˣȻȥɣʱֿɶ˵
ãһȥ⡣鿴˿ŮȻĿͶҶСϡ
ֿɶһ˾ǰվȥ


246 Щ
վסһ¡ҶСżŮӸߵվƵʱһЩ΢΢˷ܵ
ҶСͷһȴǼҴӵͷӺ϶˹ЩϸĻͷֲˡ
סʲô£ҶСµĿż˵
ȥ֪ˡ˵ЩظУ̲סȥ
·ҶСЦһ˵
ŤͷֿɶŮһۣ˵ȻȥɣһҾͻ
Ҳ뿴Ūʲô顣ֻۻֱӾܾҶСĻĿͶ˼ҡ
ŮҲ˵ͷһһҪȥģҶС΢΢ü֪ȥĿģ޷һ٣ֻҪ쾳ˣԸûʲôΣԣǣǼҪȥĻһʲôֵĻǵİȫ⡣
Ҳһ˵ͲüŮһȥأŸҶС涪ǿҶСεҡ
󣬼ŮӵĿҶСһۣ·˵Ǹˡ
ðɣǸɣҪվҺ档ҶС綣ظֵĸʺܵͣ˵ûУΪǵİȫҶС粻òСġ
ż˶ףϱ˽һľ룬ʱ򣬼Ҳͣ˽ŲתǷ̵Ц˵治֪޴ţȻĸطˡ
ŶѵΪǼܶԸңҶСĻЩм֮ɫ
ܲܶԸ㣬һԻ֪ҶСĻҸ⣬ܴôܶԸĸˣʮܶԸ𣿼ʹ۶ܰ
ᣬֻҪԸǰҳ㼸ʮҾͻ㣬ôʮҵӣһաгһо̬֮֮
Ƿ⣬С磬ݺݵĳ⣬ȻϲϼţšֻۻһȲˬӶҶС˵
ҶСЦЦһϷ֮ɫĿ˼ңǾ仰ҲǡҶ˵ģڵԼԼʮƣҿԷ㣬뿪ҪȻһܱҵġ
ȻҶ˵ǲ֪ôдġͷָҶС˵ĿͶҶС磬·ʾʲô
Ҹ˻ᣬ㲻֪ϧһº֡Ŀɱ¶ĶҶС磬첲һӣһָ㽭ɽ֮ȵ
Ļ䣬弫ΪࡢϢصĺӣʹ߽ҪƷг˳ҶСΧס
㲻Ǻܳ𣿽Ҫ㣬㳢裬˼̤ڽµĸоסг˿ҶСĳ֮һҶСԵӡ
С磬Ǻ򲻹ǰҪһסǣǻȥȱôؼʱûûε˵ҶСһΪǡӵ
ƺЩС磬ܲǸһȥǰɣҾǸܺáֻۻҲһԸ͵
ǸͽؼʱƲ˧磬ǲλۻƲƲ˵ȻĿͶҶС磬֪ǲǼ˶ֵģҶСȴӲˣвɵЩǡ
ʵֻۻ۶ҶС絣ģղ˵Щûûε˵Ǽܣʵ˼˵ߣ˺ҶСȻ򲻹ǣܻ⡣
Ѽⲻǵ£ǿ뿪ߣվһԹۿģڻûǸ˺ǡҿŮ˵׼⼸ŮǰݺݵҶСһ٣ҶС澡ʧԶ̧ͷˡ
ҵĻŮӶûжһǵĿҶС磬ֻۻۺҲû˸ղûûεӡ
վһȥɣһ˵ǾͲˡҶС翴˿Ů˵ŨŨĵ֮ɫЦЦģһûµģվһ߿ͺˡ
лǺܵģǿҶСһĵӣ΢΢ЩǾҶС粻޵ķʸ֮ˣлһ˿ĵǣʮ׳İΧȦ˳ȥվ˾ʮ׵ĵطŽĿҶС硣
ŮӰΧȦ˳ȥ΢΢һҪǲ뿪ĻЩðˣϾǼ˶ıǸɵԼΨһĻᶼŹˣ
û˺֮ǣҲô˸һһҶСȥһƵӣϺ̲ǿĳ̬
ߵҶСǰֺ˵ôǲǺˣ˾ѽ
ſĴЦţڿԳһˡ
⼸ˣҶС绷һΧ⼸׳ȻĿͶ˼ңҪԸңЩ١


247 Ь
ҶСĻɫ࣬׸ޱȣʱ㻹ӲúúãҿǲײĲᡣ
ʱֺݺҶСƽޱȵϳϼ£ǣлЩ£һԷΧЩ˶֣ɲҪǰӡ
ϣҺݺݵĴ򣬴˫ȡҺ˼Ŀźȵ
ҵĻĺӶˣ磬ҶС˹͸һ򳤾ɱս
һ׳ӶһӲȭͷҶСȥһ紪һĸ첲ƳһҶСһ̧һţֱҶС̡
ϵĺĬƾѵһ㣬ȭң첲յĻ磬ǽ̺·̤Ӳʯ
ϲɫѾҶС˵Ĺ£ɵӡ
μѼѡֿɶǵǣøǺ¿ҶСӵס˫ۡ
ҶСһĿ絶ֱ̽˵УһһǸҡҶСͬһը˶ߡ
콵˵ּһ㣬һֹͣ˶Χ˶öֱ񿪷ɻ
ŮӿҶСֻǺһŵöԷҶ֣ĿжСǣСɵſŴ˿򾲡
ھȻô硣̲ס˵һ໰
Сʵ̫˧ˣ̫ɧˣ֧ͣ㡣ֻۻۻӶСȭͷ˷ܵĺ
һĻ龰ҵɫǱޱȣû뵽ҶСһȾסӢ׳ⲻ˵ԼµǰҲ̫ŧˡ
ϣȫϡŭ衣
ҶСס׳ѣԼ˲֪ٴμܣ¹ٴεĺ֣ھȻһδɵСӸסˣ˵ĳ衣
ҵĻһȳ˹ȥֱӻȭҶСԴҪҶСѣ֪ʲô˶ġ
顣
Ƶײ˵ͷ˳ȥɳȥٶȼ죬һײ׳İΧȦʱЩң˵ǰԶһӡһ˿Ѫ
ûпԷ֣׳ͱԷ߷˳ȥҪֲʵְʵ̫⣬֣ԷһģҪȻҲô
һܣôԼµˣ֪ǵʵÿһʵǿһ˶Ըʮͨ˸Ͳ⣬ھȻҶСУѵʵǿûˣŭɫ
ͬʱ󺰣еļһԸҾͲ˲ɣ˽ǵ˷
ҵĻǴ߻һߣЩ׳׷״ó˼һĿɢĵĺ⣬ͬһȺҰ֮ǣӶеļһ˹ݺݵҶСͷ­кȥ
ҶСǹһ˿ЦĿ˼һۣһӰӣ˫ĳ
ҽڶ쳹ⷽУҵЩһȺȺŹҶС簡ҶСһ˿һȺ˰ǣҶСǣǲһȺ
ȺͲЩܶԿģֻһ׳Ӻݺݵȥ䵽·ϣľͺݺݲһ¡
ŮݵĿǸȺдӰ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ֪ڴǷô͡С˵ת֪ʲô⡣
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ʱѾƿˣЩȶˣղҶСжƿ;Ʊʱ򣬽һԼС
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ҹϣƻ̣ͨŹ䣬ЩɫĵƹҫҶСϣһλһɫʡ
֮󣬱죬Ȼ٣ҶСãٱ洺⣬ٸٸҶС绹ڻζŸղŵ
صСûֿɶǰֱȥھֿɶſڵʱ洫Ůڵ
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С磬Ŀζر𰡣ȻXŰ̫ǰ˰ɣʱۼֻۻ۷μѼƨʺӡ



254 ֺȫҰ
ֻۻһ˵ŮһĿͶμѼѵƨϣǹ۵ƨȷʵмʺİӡŮҶСĿⶼЩͬˣ죬ޱȹ񣬺ҶСһֻرɫһ㡣
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һҪС磬ɲҪԸɾĨߡֻۻһܹ˵
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μѼǿĻŮһɱ˵۹⿴ԼԼĳһλ֮ˣҶСЦһ£ûнʲô֪ʱٽʲôѾˣμѼѳ׵ĽԼݺˣĿĴˡ
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ҶСĻŮһ㶣漴һߵĽѵҶС磬˵μѼѵĸܣǸåƣֻҪĻҶСϡ
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255 һġ
֣ôܶԸ𣿡ԼĸһƱ˼ӲʵĴʯ棬˷ĻûбҪˡ
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У԰࣬ⲻڸЩҵ뿪ǿҪˣͬѧǶڽŵĸϰΣǸ߶꼶ĩˣҲ˵ʱ䣬һ꼶һ
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ȫʤһص߳ҽԺܸоûô򵥣ȻϿǵһĲ٣ǣȴе˲Ծһеĸо
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ǽȫʤıڴ򵹣Ȼ󣬱㽫ƭ˻֮أ֮ĶԻҲǹ˵Ϊֺܿ죬Ҳܺݣ֪ʹֻһʱѡ
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һĻˣȻ˵ʵ˺ܴǻǵһĶ֣ȻҶС綯֡
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ոһ긴һĻеһ㹤˵ֻǾ뷢нˮӽһЩѧԣżֽһǶ˵һһ붼Ǽ尾ڲϣгȥѰڣʲô취أ
գ˺ܶ飬Ƿ⽨Żȳȥһ¾ͺ꼻һְ㣬ֻһǻʧˣ֪˳˻Ļ˸
һ²ûĺ䶯Ϊȫʤѹ˴µ˵һͻȴûеõʲôȻˣȱҪֵ֯Ĵ㡣
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ΪҶС磬ɷѿģ˭ҪҶСĻ㹻֤ݣҪȻ͵㡣
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һЩæżϵĹʽЩС֮Ϊ׼ţʲôֶΣеֲ˵ľڣǺõܱЩƳ˴Уûһ㶷־ҪϺܶࡣ
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Ϊ˲ᷢĽѩС
ҶСһ仰棬дһ䣺û£ʲôҶСдֻǺƯģ㣬ºһһȷ
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һΪҪ˵ǼҽûˣҪ㡣
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ĽѩԥһŽӵ˹һѵѡдţðɣҪҰְֵ˼ˣĻɣ˵ؼҰɣ
仰ҶС͵֣붼֪սһģһûһβپܾˣĽѩǾ仰дţܲܺ˯һ䣿д󣬻һı顣
׼ݹȥȥ룬һֻϸеıӣֻ᲻֪ʱѾվߣ쾳ˣ˽ûз֣ʧܣߵĳ衣
ӱˣҶСĽѩǽŵͷװ濴ģ
һҶСֻϣҶС̧ͷһЦֻԶѾ˱˵ĶԻ
ʱҲ֪ԼʲôζʵһʼҲҶСĽѩ໥ݱʼǱΪʲô⣬Ͼ󣬽в˵ֻҪķʽˣоЩԾΪ˴ݱӵƵʵ̫Ƶˣһ˿ĺ˹ȥֻ֪Ƴһ۱㿴˱һһеľӣ붼֪ڸʲô
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ὫӷŵҶСϣȻҶСһƣʾҶС
ת߳˽ңҶСҲֻεĸ
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ҶСӲͷƤ˹ȥ˴Լߵľ롣
ҶСͬѧ֪֪Ҫˣ˵Ͽʱ䲻úѧϰȴ̸˵㻹벻뿼ѧʵ
룬Ȼ뿼ѧ
Ȼ뿼ѧϿβúѧϰڸʲôأֽ飿ܹϴѧ𣿡Խ˵Խŭһɸֵӡ
ʦѧǸûʲôϵұ֤οԻһ㿴𣿡ҶСʵ
Сش쳣ᶨŭĿⶼҪ˻ѽҵʲôطˣѧϰĵط̸˵ĵطҪڽֻѧϰ
ȻĳɼĺܺõĻңʦҲ㿪ƣ㲻Ͽζûйϵǹһ˿Ļȡ
ɼǺãѵڵĳɼãҶСЩʵҪ֪ڿĳɼǾֶܷ̫Զˡ
ɼҪʦ㿪ƻвʸ񣬳ܿ745ϡ
745ϣʦҲ̫߿ˣʹʮѧ745֡ôݵĻҶСЦһ£ޱƵ˵
Ȼ㿼ǾͱٽиЩѧϰ֮飬Ҫץˣߺߡ
ѵҪһ£ҪԸһЩѧϰ֮顣ҶСϴЦ⣬촽
㻹ᡣݺݵصҶСһۣһСŮ˵̬ǺΡ
Ǻǣʦܿ700ϣҾܿ745ϣȻǰ㲻ܰҵӢķֹ̫ͣôҶСЦʵ
󣬶ʱˣа㵱е˶ôı̬߿ʱܷҲſ630ң̶ȣҪϿ߷֣̫ˡ
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ڽѧϰô죿ʵʵ벻ʲôϳҶСİ취ҶСԼ˵
ҶС۾һתЦЦЩöе
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⻰ᱻزЩ΢죬ָҶС˵ҶС磬ﻹʦûУ
УȻаҵжʦжʦӰӡҶСǱȳǽҪЦ⣬ʵҶС֮˵ô˵ȫڹᣬ˭ղ˵Լ745Ļ
Ҫ֪ĸѧǳ̬ģҲѿôߵĳɼ˵ģûʦ֣дٺãӢģܿ۳5ң㣬ϵʵơϵĶЩ⣬ٶҪ15֣Լ745֣ǲԾ۸
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ȻҶСҲ볢һָоΪȽϴ̼ɣȴûҪͶԺһȵ֮뷨ǵϷ
ҶСҪ֮һӵֻŮˣһĽѩһǺʫ
ҶС磬㡭㡭޳ܡһܺõĶᱻҶС˳ȻȥС־׼ҶСһ⡣
ҶСǺεȵٶٿʮҶС綼ܶùȥͷȻһת˶İơ
Ϊû㣬Ӳǰ㣬屾ܵķӦΪ˱ԼһסҶСĸ첲ҶСûж¾һӣȵģ˵ҶСĻС
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ӦõĳܵġҶСЦЦȻܶ㿪ǣöййе
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¥ϵݺݵҶСһתߡ


261 սԵ˼
ҶС¥ʱ򣬶ѾûӰղҶСͻһ´̼Щӡ
ѧ¥ҶСͿĽѩŽѧ¥ǰĻ԰Աţɫǽ϶ǼҶС类ύȥ󣬺ܾδ飬еˡ
ҶСЩ΢΢ĸжͬʱЩΣôõһŮӣԼúȥϧҪȥ黨ǲݣǲ֪㰡˹ȥ
С硭ҶС˹ʱĽѩһǰ˵Цݡ
ôȥôãղżʦ¥ûм㣬һΪʲôˡĽѩҶС˵ǻг֮⡣
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ĽѩСһ죬ͷС˵С磬ԲҲǹġ
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оҪŪҶСʲôղŲ˵˼仰Ѷʦŭˣһƣ̫ˣ˼ǡõڣƢһ㡣ҶС졢Ĳţ۾˵ŻŻ
ҶС粻˵ѵӣĽѩҶСһ۵á
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壬֪ȡЦ˼ңΪ˵ҪȻҲô˹ȥĽѩ˵ȻŤͷҶСһۣ򿪳ţ˺λϡ
С磬ϳϽϳƼ˶ȼˡЦ˵ԴʶҶСֲֺ󣬶ԴҶС̬ȼΪ飬Ǹ̶ȣȲҶСܲˡ
ҶСϽ˳ĽѩЦĿĽѩֻЦݣҶС罫Ľѩ˻Уһ̵ͦСƨɣڳԴӶ
Ǹ˵ľۼأһ·ĳûеһģҶС̾ѣ˵Ҫŵԣ⻰һ㶼٣ȣǼʶ棬ڶǣѹȦӣؾԼݲ̫Ůһء
ҶСʱ䲻ĽѩȻսԱȽϿҶС磬ǣ˵ҶСĽѩڽһսԾԲͬġ
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ʱҶСȻҪŬŬŬչԼȡҵ䷢չҵ
Է԰ƻͨ磬ĽѩҵıУƹҫλεģϵĲʵƣȪеŵƵȵȣɾǮĺ塣
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ĸڣԶΣǸТ˳ĺúӡս͵ĿҶС磬򿪺ƣȻݸҶС
پ׼һֱϼңȥЩʲô
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ҲǣֻĽѩһŮˣټļҵ˭Ժ̳أԼŮ˺ܶͷ˺㣬Ҳǳ⣬뽫ҶСĽӰˣǣȴû˻ܾΪһĺûᡣ


262 ҶС
С磬˵һЩµĺŻЩǵϴǲǣսʵ˫ĿȴһϬĹâ
ǵġҶС˵ͷûҪ˼֪սԵ˼ҼȻѾ˵⣬Ǿ˵ѾԼϵײˣȻֻһѣҶСЩ˵ʵȵȣΪƽʱϲֳʲôڳ˵ЩҶСҪģɲ뱻һЩⲿŵע⵽ˡ
ҶС籾ʵսҲ˵ɲ⣬˺ܶûвҶСΪʲôͻȻԸ䣬һգÿ˶ԼܣҲûдҶС磬ʹҶСҲδػش
սҶСʹĻشк⣬ǰ˻ܳʵʹߴ·ˣֻҪһЩӻͷ𲻻ǻһΪģ磬˵˻ѣµҶСߺܾŮҶС罻Ůε֣ΪһԼˣжô㣬дΪɲҶСԼŮһ
С磬Ȼ岻֪ôһ·ģǣȰһ䣬ʱְɣΪǱϾǳ֮ƣһƿأҾһ취ԸģƯףǷģܹƯ׳ɹжٸҲҪ˵۰ĵЩ֯Ĺ½ĲͬսĳȰ˵
ҶСҲ֪սΪԼãǴʱԼѾ·ѻͷˣʹͬ⣬ЩֵҲͬ⣬ң·δؾҪȥҲȫȥһļ壬ĿǰԾҪ͵չȵʵչһĵزǸʱ˭ûа취˵ʲôˡ
壬˵ЩҶ֪ǣûô򵥣ҲǰΪ˵ӣƯףҪһصĵ·ʲôĵ·ˡСڲܻش𡣡ҶСǸһЦ˵
ԼԺĵ·ҶСܶΣȻڻЩģĿȴȷǾӵһвȺѹƵҪﵽĿģ֪Ҫ߶ٿ··Զ⣬Ӧ仰ɣ
ҶСĻսЦЦЦдЩ̣߹űҶС߹·Ҫ࣬˽⣬ҶСƨϲϣλȴһȴ˵ÿ˵ûԼô򵥣Ƕôķ̰
ͺ΢һǮˣһ̴ԼǶôôǮ׬ǮƣǶôЦ顣
С磬һȰ·ߣҲϣ㲻Ҫȥߣҿɲѩսʧȥɷ𣿡սԶҶС˵⼸仰˼ѾȷˣҪǻһ·ôԲѩҲܽ㡣
ս˵Ĳһ·ߣǿҪǧɱһѪ·ģҺ׵ˣҼʹΪϴô˵Ļ·ǰˣһ˻ˣûǸģܹһֱôȥ˵֮¾ͱ˿ˣ̫ߣҳ˱սҲϣԼŮ޸ˣĵĹԼ˵İΣ
ֻսԲ֪ǣȷܸӣǸӳ̶ȳҪȻͲ˵ˡ
ҶСЦһ£ĵҪ΢΢¶һˣҪȻԼĽѩһᱻսֹġ
ǲ׼¶ģһбܹϾ֪ԽԽãҪȻԼһʱըڶУЩ˾Բͬġ
ҶСʶɢ鿴һΧضǶսԵıڡ
壬ܲ뿪һٰѼ豸ˣҶС΢΢˼һ˵
սһ㶣о֣û뵽ҶС羹Ȼܹ֪߱ڵɲһܹġ
ЩҲΪ𾪣Ϊרҵ֪Է֪Լⷽ˵ʲôǳֵı֣ȻԷܹ֪ǵҲһǵλˣҪǴҪǼֱǳ֮ҶСĿأЩ⣬Ƕǿߵľ⡣
Ȼ֪ҶСҪʲôǵ˵ͷȻʹһɫҶСẦԼҶСҪԼԼ綼һʬ壬Ϊ˵ҶС֣ɲ⡣
˳ȥ˴һеʱ䣬˽
Ѿ뿪ˣ豸ҲصˣС磬ʲôҪ˵ɣս˵ҲЩ棬֪ҶС絽ʲôҪ顣
壬㿴ˡҶСսԻ˻еĲƱ˵
սԺĿͶҶСеĲһģ


263 õϿ
ҶСһƱеĺƣֽסƱֻǳĲƱҶСкһֽһ㣬ûһʱ䣬ͱҶСһţģҶСȭͷһչɫķĩɢ£ͬһ㡣
һĻоǧزˣֵ𾪣⻹˵мƿģȴûмҶСˣֱӽֽץоһţûзȻ˷ĩ
Ѿͨ˵ķ룬ʱսԲ뵽ҶСղ˵ܸӵ˼ҲţһصȺÿ˶ŷǷĴֻΪ˲ᶯҶоɽ֣ʱΪЩֻ޻̸֮ˣȷ˴ڣҶСǡ
ͻȻ䣬ˣǰգֶ쿻󣬶ҶСͣоȻųݣɻ󲻽⣬ˣѾˣһǼʶҶСʵҪȻ쿵ĸһͨļ̾
˱ϾǳɾһˣûйӾͻָʣҶС⵽ʲô
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ģһᴫȥġսһڴӦҲ֪²⴫ҪɻܣǸС磬ô£
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սԺĿ˷ܣ䣬ЩʧΪǸоԼӴһǰδ֪磬ǣҶСǵȤȴǽͣЩ΢΢ܡ
ҶСѾʶˣȻѾԼĵ·ǾһֱȥɣʲôµĻ壬Ǯ廹еģɲ۸Ǽѩս˵
˭Ҫ۸ˣĽѩ¥ݴ
ȥĽѩһӡлͼķɫ˿ʳȹīһ㷢ٲк£üɽ鶯첲Բѩźɢһĸ߹ʣͬ߸ϵС޷֮ĸо
ҶС죬ʴ䣬ЩɣǻĽѩ䡣
С磬ǲղ˵Ҫ۸ˣĽѩ˹ҶС磬ᰤĽѩ£һ߾սԡ
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⻰ĽѩСɬĺΣǾ仰˵ԼĸѾͬ˵ŮҵĺߣȻ𣬵ȴ˵˭㱣ˣ顣
˵꣬ĵҶСһۡ
㲻ұ㣬ҾȥˡҶС翪Ц˵
ҡĽѩüһĿŭĵҶС硣
˺ˣҲˣѾˣһȥԷսЦǺǵ˵
Ľѩһ£СƢҶС硣
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սԷ򸾡ĽѩҶС硢һλķһһżҳһ߳ŷò⡣
սԺҶС̸һᣬҶСѧϰһЩҵ֪ʶýһ¹˾ֻҶСԴ˲ãֻǰӣҶСŴӦúÿҵ鼮ġ
ʱĽѩɳϺͽһŵӣĲɵһ߿ŵӣһʱʱĿͶҶСǱߡ
ôˣڶСˣ˵Ů⣬⻰һ㶼٣衣̾˵
裬֪ȡЦ˼ҡĽѩ˵Ȼ͵͵ؿҶСһۣҶСûעЩĶ˶Сš
úã費ȡЦˡЦ˵ǸĲԸ⿴ԼŮÿ֣ǲҶСģǼԼŮ˿ˣҲû˵ʲô
ʲôأĵôģʱսԺҶСѾ̸ˣս˹ϴų谮֮ɫĿĽѩʵ
ߡĽѩŤȥͷսԣΪ˸ղսҪҶС̸һЩʱԱߵԵʰɣ
ѩʱҲˣ컹ҪԣϾССȥϢɣսԶĽѩСƢһҲ⡣
˭ģ淳ˡĽѩСһӣȴǺܸˡ
Ȼ㲻ϲҾͻȥˡ˵ţҶСװһɫȻӣתȥ
վסҶСҪߣĽѩˣϽ˹ȥסҶСĸ첲㽫ҶС¥ȥ


264 ûʩ
˶¥ĽѩҶСһڣܿ沼õĺܵţΪͼǳɫ޲ϲƶɵģһŴ󴲷ڷ룬
һ䣬Ľѩ˦ҶСĸ첲ǲ˵ղŲǺ㿪Ц͵ˣСķ䣬˯ϴּ䡣
˵꣬Ľѩ׼߳ȥתۼֿҶСһ䣬Ľѩǰ쿪˫۽Ľѩ˻УѩҸղҲǺ㿪ЦģҾ֪һסҵģҲתߣҪȻҲûôɵأ
ĴƭӣſҡĽѩ֮ɫҶС绳ţֻѵĿСȭͷʹҶСš
ͻȻҶСſĽѩ˫ţЩҰףߵ˴ߣ˴ϣһʹӡ
ҶСӣĽѩһ㶣ȻЩˣϽ˹ȥĵʵС磬ôˣҪң
ЩЩģ֪ҶСΪʲôͻȻ֮䷢⣬ѵԼղŴԭ򣬲ܰԼղõԼ֪ģѵˣĽѩΪҶСװģɫʹӣĽѩ˻ɡ
ҵؿͻȻʹҶС绹ʹ˵
ĽѩϽַҶСеĵʵںһ𣿡
һЩҶС˵ͷһ˿֮ɫĵû뵽ѩô
ͻȻһҪԼСָŪ֪жˬ죬а
ҶСû뵽ǣʱעҶСϱĽѩڿ˲Ծһ֪ԼҶСƭˣ⣬µĶˣҧʵ𣿡
һ㡣ҶС˵
õġĽѩɵ˵ͻȻһţݺݵšҶСֻҶСǶôǿ󣬿һĽѩʹҶС硣
ҶСȴûбֳûʹӣǣϽһʹ˵ѩֻݡ
ĽѩһЩ֮ɫҶСһۣСȭͷٸƭңߺߡ
Ľѩϵı飬ҶСٵ˫ۣסĽѩСȻһĽѩһӾſϣ˵˴ϣһѹ¡
ҪʲôĽѩЩţСһƬΡ
һ¡ҶС¶һ˿ЦݣͷĽѩǽ۵ĺ촽ȥ
УСĽѩҡͷǲҶСĽѩܶùڱҶС翴׼һסĺ촽
ĽѩߵţƬ̺Ľѩֹͣ˷˫ֱסҶСĲӣҶС磬ҶСħֶĽѩĳȹֻʣ¡
֪ĽѩһģڲᣬΪǸ˼ܱصˣʱҶСеҲܴΪлѹǰǰѾͯһһйա
ҶС罫Լϵ·ȫֻ꣬һãĽѩ½Ľѩӵڴϡ
ϾòãҶСĽѩĶ
ĽѩСͨޱȣΪҶС˫ֺܲʵǰţܸܵһӲĶĴȸ
ǣһ跢ô죿ĽѩЩԥ˵
ϻķ䣿ҶСʵ
ᡣ
ôֻ֣ᷢҪȥˡ
ҶСôһ˵ĽѩŤĵ˵ͷȴҶС˵ʹҪȻͲҶСˡ
бżˣ̰żɢζȻСֵܲǣҶСȴû˼Ϊǵһκһӵ˯Ľѩô˯ţҶСĸο˯ˡ
峿ʱҶС罫ĽѩҲ±ĽѩİײˣϾ˼ҼҹЩ˼
Ľѩ˯˫ۣһ£´ϣųȹȥȽŴ򿪣¶һԴ濴˿һĽѩһ
衣Ľѩǽߣ̽ͷʱ򣬽ǡôӶĽѩķ˳һӱײ˸š
ѩҾ˵ôڷ䣬ӻĵһһǼҵСèȥˣû뵽СķУûʩֵĿĽѩ
裬˵ʲôֻǡֻǡǲĽѩߺ죬һСţҶСķ䣬š
ڵ̫̲סջˡſڻ̾


265 ѹ޴Ŀ
⣬ߵʱһСγڹ·ڶ೵УͲ壬ǰۣһ֪˾ӵޱļʻ
ĳĽѩҶСȥѧУڣĽѩϴһ˿ΣҶС磬ʱʱݺݵҶСһţšһҶС
ϱײĽѩ˷䣬ҶСϸǵë̺ȥǺεҶС磬ԼСȭҶС磬˭ȻƭԼƭԼ˯һҹ󣬻Լ˸ţֱˡ
ҶСĽѩ˼빤˾Ϳˣʱ飬մС㲻ɣҶС𴲣ڶûиҶСɫ
ڻҶСЦʵ
ߣ㻹˵ԺôˡĽѩݺݵصҶСһۣһܲӣ㣬Ҫ㣬ôܱ迴
ͿˣʲôǲǾúһܶˣҶС絭˵ҪĽѩһϣҪȻ֪մСֵʲôʱ
ҶС⻰ĽѩɫˣίָҶСҶС磬Ұʲô㣬㾹Ȼ˵Ļƭӡ
ҶСû˵֪ʱѾˣҪڶ˵ĻЩͷˣ˭֪ʱʧȥǵմСʲô˵
ҶС磬ǸƭӣƭӣءմС涣ίĿһĵĿţһߺݺݵĿҶС磬ӡ
ҶСĽѩŲһ壬ʹ޵մСӵ˻У˵ѩԲ𣬸ղҵ̫ˣȻѾҪһֺαȥ˵Ŀأοǻ衣
ҶСһ߰οĽѩһĽѩļǿЦС˴ܣ˼ˣ°
ȻһЩңҴСûзƢһ뵽մС㷢ƢǸӣЩ¡
Ľѩ˺ܶ࣬ĽҶСİɫ䵱ԼᣬɫɾĶ䲼ʪİߵ㣬ģԼĽĽѩΪЦЩĵҶСһۣ˵˭ղ۸ң󣬻ݺݵĲһҶСˢĺܸϽİɫЬɾЬ϶һӡ
ĽѩľٶҶСЦЦûںĵǸ㶨С㡣
ѧУѾߵʮˣ˸ϽȥſĩԣȽʽһ㣬ƽʱڸԵİ༶ԣ߶͸ĽҶó˿ÿʮпԵĳɼߵͱſţķֹ˿׵ΪҪȻǸѧϰܲͬѧһɼرõͬѧֻҪճһ£Ƴɼߺܶࡣ
ſĿĿԣѡΪҪѡĴճá۾ʹͬѧֻҪƳһۣͿԼʮҵĴ𰸣Ϳ׾ٵĵõ֣һӾͻܶࡣ
Ϊ˼ķѧУò²ߣò˵İ취ܺãѧϰõͬѧͲмȥȥд˵ģѧϰģ볭˵ģǱ˵ĴҲһȷ˵Իǹƽġ
ΪҶСĽѩĳɼǳĺãǵĿŽѧ¥һ¥ߵһңҲǵһ
ڵѧȻпԵʱȫǰʮġ
߽ȥоȱˣ˵ĵӭ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⣬ĽѩЩŤͷҶСһۣȻſڴһŵλҶСǵһ
ߵԼλʱ㶣û뵽ȫ꼶ڶȻǺʫʵ̫ˣҶС翴ʫҶСһЦݣҶСҲЦһ£λϡ
ʱоһԹĿҶСŤͷȥߵλϺȻޱޱʮպĸλҶСޱ˵㣬ȻΣһȴԵӡ
λϣо˺ܶĿ⣬ĿжʼɡĽкݶûɣҶС֪ǰ˺λϵ
һſԿĿģСʱĴʱ䣬ҶС˲Сʱʱʹ⣬ʦȵĿУֱӽԾ˳ȥ
ҶСΪЩ࿼ʦҲû⣬Ͼ˼ȫһǸʵҪǱͬѧһѵһ٣࿼ʦվڽ̨ǰĿоҶСԾ
߳ҺҶС糤ĳһܲˣʵܲô˵Ŀ⣬ЩĿƸѹһԣ˱ѹǵģҪѧУĸߣҪԺôأ
һſѣĵˣ֪Ůѣ֮ܶ˶кܴìܣһѹ޴


266 ͯĵ绰
죬ÿһνҶС綼żѹָ̺еĿѹʫÿЦһΣоʹһΣÿοԶֻһʱ䣬Ȼ߳˿
һ쿼ҲСûлؼңȥĽѩңϣĽѩ˵ʲôҶСǸҹҶС͵͵ĽĽѩķ䣬Ųȥ֮µմСֻͬһҹ̵ıż˯һҹ
һŻѧҶС߳˽ңһڻ԰еʯϣĵȴĽѩ
ʮӵʱ䣬Ľѩ˳Ҳǰ߳˽ңûм飬ǲҶСõȣ
ҶСڻ԰еʯϣ˹ȥ
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⣬ĽѩЩжϲŮ˶˵Ҫ󲢲ߣҪֻһЩ򵥵İ
࣬ѧûʲôѶȣܿ90ϡĽѩ˵
ҶС˵ͷ΢΢˼һ˵ѩҪؼˣ᲻ң
ʵҶСܶģ뵽綼Ҫȥģοʱ򣬼һæҪȥæġ
ĽѩĽ΢΢һ𣬳Ĭһ˵ᡣ
ƽʱĽѩͲ˵ĻҶСҪ뿪ˣкǲᣬֱѿڶ
ܲܲȥĽѩЩϣ֮ɫʵ
²УҰ궼ûлؼˣûؼҿҪһȥǼңҶСҡҡͷȻ̽ʵ
Ľѩ۾һȷЩģ˲䣬ĽѩɫЩȻҪȥүү²ܺһȥ
Ǻǣû£ǾóʱڳĺĺһºټҶСЦ˵
ĽѩһĬȻܿĵĲᣬͶҶС顣
ҶС˫סĽѩȻͷһѵˮʽһǣЦЦ߰ɣӾ¿ˣ߹ȥУžͿˡ
ĽѩСһ죬ĵҶСһۣѧУ
ǵѧУһ£ٺ١ҶС翴Ľѩĺ촽Ц˵

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ѩݰݣһºټҶС˻֣׼뿪
С磬Ľѩס
ҶСͷЩɻĿųڵĽѩʲô£
ͷĽѩЩ΢죬ҧ
ҶСհͷ˽ȥ͸оԼ촽һĶסˣ룬ǿ϶Ľѩĺ촽ĽѩſУŪһʱ䣬˲Ŵ˿
ȥҪŶĽѩߺС˵˵1һ䣬Ůˡ
ҶС˵ͷڴӦĽѩĳߺתǰվȥһ·ϵĹͣûϳڵźʫŮܱ˱˺񣬲ô˵ʫѾľͽԼԼôܶ䵭أ
һһɫ黨ȹĺʫ˹ӰĹµƷҡҷĶ㡣
ʫҶСֵ
ڽʫȥҶСʱ򣬺ʫų˻ЦݣЦ˵ĲãÿֻʱҶС
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ţ˵쵽˵ǣҶСһ˵ΪʫͲô˵ֻЦݵҶС˵ҶСĿ˾ԼĿ֡
ˣ˳ϳҶСһŷ֣һźʫСʫĿҶС磬顣
Ҫؼˣʱ𣿡³һ¶ʱҶСʵ
룬ʫŲ֮˵ʮԺʱ䣬ʱ򣬼ûˡ
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šʫ˵ͷ
ʱѾƽҵֵ·ڣҶСźʫһЦݰݣˣ
ջص䣬΢ϴһ£׼ʰȻȥߣڴеĵ绰ȴóһͯĵ绰ҶСһɻ󣬲֪绰ʲô£ѵǡҶСЩȵ


267 ۵Ů
㣬ûЩˡҶСЦ˵
ǻ治֪㶼ƭ˶ٸŮӡ绰дͯǳ˿ϲá
һŮӶûƭҶСЩί˵ҲֳֻͯٸǰŻ˵
úã˰ɣͯЦ˵С磬пûУ
ôˣ㣬ǲʲô£ҶСʵ
ȥһʡǣûʱĻˡͯ˵ģҶСܴϣ֮ɫ
ǴֱӻؼҵģǣͯڿƺЩ£ԼȥɣҪһиʲô¾ͲˣοԼҲʲô±ؼңٻؼһҲûʲô
ʱ䣬ҿһȥҶСһڴӦ
лл㣬ռò೤ʱ䣬ֻȥһ¹˾顣ͯǸмϲ
˾ʲô˾ĪС°ְֿǸ˾Ļȥʡǲ̫ƽҶС
С磬ʲôطԹ𣿡
Ҹջص䣬׼һȥԷҶСЦЦ˵
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仰ҶСܴĴ̼ͺһԼʱһ˸һ˵Ļͬһ˴ʱڴϣϴе㣬ۣ˵ŵ㣬Ҫ˷ĳ嶯
ʱҶСͷһȣǺƻһȵǣǳĽ
ҵ绰ҶС߳˷䣬ţٶȸ˹ȥ
ʮӵʱ䣬ҶСվͯļſڣ˰壬һŴ򿪣ҶС磬ͯЩ֮ɫЦŵ˵û뵽ٶȻͦġ
ûмͯϹˣԭЩ΢ƺ񶼱ƽˣ˶˺ܶ࣬ⶼҶС籾ĽǿɱʲôŶҵȵ߰ҩõĶ࣬Ч֮
Ȼˣңôܲٶȸϵأ
ȿӣˮԵĻԼȡȥˡ߽ȥͯ˵˵꣬˳ҶСЦЦд̵ĳ
㣬СôڣҶСɻʵһ˳Ҫ֪ԼһһʱԼţȻԼĻУǣڸоЩյģûмСµӰ
죬ȥѼˣʱæûʱչ£ŰˡͯŲ̦˿ζ˱Ƕ
վǺãôԶŵ˵ζҶСߵͯ˫ֱԸом˵Ӳһ¡
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ʲôʱ򶼿Գģ˵ǲǣҶСͯĲϴһȻصȻ˫ƶס˼˵ĸʡ
ҪҪͯǼٵĺһ˿Ľߡ
ҶСһϲǴǣеļ˱˿еɳϡ
һһŮнڿĴоþûصܾá
Ҳ֪˶ãֹͣˣͯҶСĴϣļҶСϣҶСһǰţ֮´档
û뵽㻹ڻ㲻㡣ͯ˿ҶСȻĿһۡ
ѵҪǲ㣬㻹ðһ´ҶС翪Ц˵
˵ȹԹԵȥˡ˵ţô߽˳ҶС۾һգգĿͯǻȷĽ̾ǸƷٸ
ͯ߳ѾǾŵʮˣҶСæƽҵֵСԽ߳
ߵСԽֺҶСԶԶؾͿʫһ򴮴ĹŸִõʳģһţڵȴŹˣÿһεжһ˿Ȼ
ҶСгΣһ˿ۣõһ˶ԺһҪúϧĪʧȥ
ҶС߽ʱʫǿҶС磬˺˾һ㣬ϵЦݺܲãǷĵãԵѦ񷼿ֱ̾ɫܸӣ֪ŮĪĸôܲŮ˼أԼŮɵɵӾͽ˶ԷֻϣҶСܶԼŮãʫʫԿ࣬ˡ


268 ɵĺʫ
̣ⲻҶС˹Ц˵
ҪúʫеĽٺԼһҪԵѦһأҪȻúʫģһԼĸףһԼϲˣǸѾ⣬ҶС統Ȼ鷢
ǣ߹ʱȺѦ񷼴к׽
ԡѦǿЦ˵еɫܸӣӵѾ֪ҶСǸǴĺӢۣжҶС˺ܴĸĹۣȻҶСӡıĻҪǣҶСҪǮƵһĻ
Ȼ֪ҶС粢ô򵥣һŮӣǣҪӵģҲһοǸ
ԼҶСദĻԣʫ΢΢ĵķһЩ
ʱĿҲôˣҶС绹ǰæŵʮң˺ܶ࣬ʹУһЩơƳԿġ
Ѧ̯󣬺ʫԼ˵˼䣬ȻͺҶСſ·һƽСȥ
ʫԲ⼸㡣߽ҶСķҶСؽʫ˻У۵˵
ʫü΢˲չ˿ˣϹǳǳЦݣֻҪҾˡ
˵꣬ĽԼԴҶСļ˿ˣ˵ֿЩĵĿҶСԥһ£˵С磬ҪĻңҪŮˣЩŮ˲ɾ
˵꣬ʫĻȴ档
ҶСһ㶣Ȼ˹ʫ϶ŵԼͯζһλԼȥѰЩҰŮˣʫǻеĵģȴҶСжѣҪһˣƻֱӸҶСһƣȻˤŶȥǣʫȴֻһΪ룬ȣϲһ˵߾硣
ϲһˣԼϲǸ˿֣Լʲô˵ɵǣǸȴУССԹⲻ˵ģʥ˶йοͨˡ
ʫȫȫΪҶС翼ǣԼһˣΪԼ鰮ͬɶ˻ǰ㣬֪ʲôɵɵĸԼֻҪԷдԼɵĺɵ
ҶСжЩ΢΢ʪĺŮȥϧĻǻʲôֵϧأźʫǸһЦȻ߽ϴּ䣬ûнǸŮ˲ʲôҰŮ˶ͯ
һҶС˳ֻһãʫСϳһĨΣЩߵĵͷ
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ʫ˻У˫ֺܲʵĶһͽʫһֻСᡣ
ŮĻ裬д󴲿֨֨
һս֮󣬺ʫϲ˳죬һֻɵèһ㣬ҶСĻУҶСϵŵҪεļС
СӦңԺȥЩҰŮ˺òã´Ƭ̺󣬺ʫתӣܵĵĿҶС˵
ɵģûкЩҰŮҸ㣬ǵʫڣôȥЩŮأҵƷλûôҶСЩ۵˵ȻںʫĶǰһ¡
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ģģЩֻţ̣û򡣡ҶСЦЦοҶС˵ĺܶԣȷûаĻΪ쾳磬ڼҶСоԼܾȷĿƵϸЩ̺ĻƬȫҶСԶˣֻʣľЩɶǴԪʫպ󣬿϶мĺôϼΣЧڣķëϴ衣
󣬺ʫһСͨˣԭҶС˵ţ֣õ顣
һȥһʡǣٻؼҡҶС˵
·עⰲȫ
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峿ʱҶСоеļ˶˶Ҳ˹۰ʫСʵôôˣ˯һ
С磬ҺûȥæˣһæʫЩǸ˵
õġ
˴·ϴһ±߳˷䣬ʫ͵ƽСǰ·ڴӰԶŷ˻ȥ
ߵСſڣСſһɫܳ˿¶ͯӣЩԹ֮ɫ
ղͺʫʱҲЩֲ֪ʲôʱǵСлһܳû뵽ȴͯġ
㣬ôˣȥʰһ£ܿҶС˵
Լӵʱ䣬ҶСʲôûд
Ҿ˵ΪʲôԭҪСˡͯЩζ
ҶСЦЦתƵĻʵھߣ
û뵽㻹ǸĵˣСȰ㻹רһһĺãСĵʱ򣬼ɵһò֡
ллĹģһᴦõġ
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ȪУ·ޱȣ߸¥̻ҲΣ޷ġ
ǸϳУ·桢滮ĲǺܺһЩż룬ܵشغʷ⣬ܴԼеķչҪչͱ뽫ЩλòĽȫӦñ֤·ͨҪͶ³һ¾ǼʮӣʹͶһǸǸͨǸòϽˡ
Ȫвһһ˵ĳУλбҲ뺣ڣǰֻһСΪǱߵĺ˵ȽƽңɺûУ̿Ͷͣϰö֮γһ󺣿ڣڴСķչճΪ˵ĳУΪʡǡ
һСʱĳ̣ͯҶСȪУһİĳУҶСһжô棬ӳ⿴˿ҲֻǿһûпΪ˸ֽˮཨɵĸ¥Ǹ¥Ӿƣ
Ȫеպʯһ㣬Ϊ͹˵Ƚ٣̻ܺãΪҪúܶࡣ
ʹڴƵȪΪһǼƵ꣬ƵĲǽɫģһָ߹ĸоȻĴƵ֮˲ܹͣסĶݣеλˡ
ͯųֱͣ˻ʹڴƵ㳡ϵͣλϣͣ
Ǿס³ָͯŻʹڴƵҶСݸһЦ˵
ҶС簵࣬ҵĹԹĴƵסһ춼֪ҪǮҲԼһѰɣû뵽ǸţҶС
С磬ʲôأͯʵ
ûʲôҪȥҶСʵ
ߣȥ򼸼·ܴܲһͷɣͯ˵ȻߵҶСǰȻҶСֱۣ·һҴ̳
ҶСЦһ£ҲǵģͷһͷһٶǮͯһϮɫ˿ʳȹһ˫߸Ŷ߹վһγԵĶԱȣͺһһũ
ѹУΪֻҪд·Уƻǽֻ̯ҪûдƾܼŲʱûС
ͯŸ첲ڹ˵Ĵ̳УҶС綼оԼӣµũ˳Χ˿ĿҶСָָ㡣
ҪҶСһЩɣƶܱΧһЩ˵Һ
Щĵ˵ָ㣬ҶС˿ûںɫɣĿбӣǰԵͯͣЩҶСôĿηη˿ɾͶˣһϿҶСǳڵȻˡ
С㣬Ҫʲô·ߵװĵطʱһŵױС㣬ϴְҵԵ΢ЦʵЩɫȻܲ⣬ҶСͯһϡ
Լͯ˵ȻҶСѡһװһһһ˫ƤЬģҶСʵǲϲЩװƴǣֻͯͯýһ·ҶС硣ҶСȥ¼ԡ
ӺҶС¼˳׻˵˿װ⻰һ㶼٣ղžҶСʳǴǼóȥԲڵ·Ҳģ񣬴Сӵĺɫװϣ˿ʮ˵ǰǸǵӵĻôھһӡ
ò˵ͯ۹ܶװҶСθԵͦΡֱ˵ϵʺװãҶСʸӵĳڣϻЩ΢΢ɬϵʶ˺ǵ㡣
ҶС߳ƯķԱ˫ĿзСǣ𾪣ΪҶСǰʵ̫ˣȻҶС쾳ϢԵʣԳĻƼʹŴֲ·װһЧΪǸʱֻע⵽ϵʣ
ͯЦЦĿɢһĨɫʣҶС紩·ӻ⣬С磬ǰô
ÿˣ۹⡣ҶС˵˵ЩŤܲڡ
·ٸһסͯԱ˵
õģС㣬Եȡ
ԱҶСľ·Ȼȡһ·һҶС硣
ʺҶСżӺͯһ˳ȥͯСƤҶС£ٲȻһ޵ģ
ҶС߽˺ĻʹڴƵУҪһ׷ȥҶС罫еĶȫŵɳϣֱӽܲϰߴЩʽ·Ȼɳϡ
оôͯЦʵ
ооССҶСޱƵ˵


270 ˼
ϣϣҰͯЦ˵
ϣҵϣܰˡҶС촽ĿƵĶͯ
ðֻҪǸͯһСŮһıգһ۾ҶС磬ǳ϶һ˿ĵƤ
ҶСһйղŸ·ֵʮԪͯ۾գҲգľȡһпһˢҶС˳ȥ
ǮٶȣҶСԼÿ¶ʮ򣬸˼ҡ
㿪Цģ𲻿ˣ㻹ᣬδԶ߶ԶֻԼ֪ҶСӣͯο
ȻûǮ࣬ǷȴҡҶСٺһЦ޼ɵĴͯΪ֪֪ͯܲҶС˵ʲô
һ죬ĿҶСһۣСӣȻ˵Ļ
˵ʲôˣҶСװһɻʵȻϳһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ㣬˼벻࣬һˡ
ûˡͯЦ⣬ϰɫ˿ʳȹıѩ׵ز¶һ룬ɫƵ¶˳ջ޾ջ
ҶССһаƤƣȻѹͯϣ˫ֲʵ
һ䣬ͯ˫룬һӣʱɳǰ輸ϵСƤеֻ
ҪС磬ҽӸ绰ͯ˿ƿҶС磬æĵҶСһۣùСƤóֻ
ιӾͯѾȪˡ
Ѿˣʲôط绰һ˵˵ϲɫ
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ԵȻᣬϾ
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ͯҵ绰ҶСʵ㣬ʡǵʲô£Ļˡ
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˼ܲԽ˴ģǺѣ˼ȫһ˴ɹģǣԽѣҪرõͬԽͶһЩǮɵĸٷʮʮĹɷݣԽǸ൱Ұĵˣ˵ù˾涨³һְ˵ΣԲ˭Ĺɷݶ࣬˭Ĺɷ٣ҪǱȻͬˣǶԷȴĺѣԽԥ͸˵ҵҲѧʶ˼ʽҵľԣסԽ˵ͬ
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˼ţҶС֪ģǾʮעһҹ˾ҹ˾Ǹ㷿زģʱķزҵ𣬺ȦسʱܲýƾֱڶතµķԣдǧȦ˴أ޽¥ʵ֤۹׼ɹˡ
Ϊȫķҵгõһ£ˣʱ䣬˴Ǹ˾˾޴ѡĵ꣬˹˾ǿУΪ˻˼ţƱ۸񼸺ǣʱ򣬶³⣬˼ŵ˼ºɢҵĻԽԽ
˼ǣһΣԽΪ˵Ķ³ҶС˼һʵ
ǣǺˣȻҲ֤ݣǣȷһҾͷҰģȰû󷴶ˣҶΪ˵Ķ³ͯз˵
㣬˵˼ĴѾʮˣʮڹ˾л˴˵ǰ⵹ܰġҶС侲ķ
㵱Ȼ֪Ϊ˾һ˵㣿ͯЦһµķ飬ȴΪ谭ûռйɷܶ˶˼Լ³Ȼƹ˾һͰʵǸΪһɢɳ
ͯĻҶСˣһЩ˱ûҰĵģΪֲ֪ԼŷϣûҰĵҲҰģһ仰˵úãˮתʵ굽ҼңһʵĶ£֣óµζ


271 Ӿ
㣬׼Լ³ҶСʵ
ң㿴ǵ³𣿡ͯԳЦЦѧɵģοҶ뿪Ȫнʮˣƺܶ˶ˡ
Ǵ˭³ѵĿֻǲԽ³˭³ν΢΢˼һᣬҶСʵ
ͯҡҡͷҴӾ³ǰĵ֣ͻҲԶ˰ٷ֮ĹɷݣȻѾȥʮ꣬»пֻĵΪҿǣ˶ĶеĹɷݡ
ͯϴһ˿Ц⣬ҶСЩ΢΢ᣬ̽ʵӾǸղŸ绰˰ɣĻóĻͦġ
ͯЦĿҶС磬·Ѿ͸ҶС˼ҶС类ĸЦһ¡
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㣬һһӶõġͯĻҶСкܸжǾ仰ѿڶ
һӣֻʣ°뱲ˣοŮ˵ഺж꣬ٹ꣬ͻͬʱѹĻǰ㣬Ѳͬ㻹мʱֵ˵ĻƽʱΣҲҪҺãһӣֻҪұáͯįЩԹԹഺţϣʱ
δϣ޲ͬʱá
Ϊʹ顣
㣬㲻õģһа취ģȥաഺһΪ׷ġҶСĿǼᶨ
㣿ͱ㿪ˣ˶ϵģ㹻ˡͯҶС绳˵
˵ģ㣬ѵûио⼸ı仯ҶСʵ
ҶСһ˵˺ܶ࣬Ǿϵģòϵģ˶꣬Ѿʮ󼸵˿սʮˣŮҲ˵˺ܶ࣬ѵСԭ
ҶСϵԴ΢΢ƶһ£ȻĿͶҶС硣
첻ѾҴӸ¥ϷȥûпһĻʱ˶˵˻ɣ𣿡ҶСЦʵ
ͯҡҡͷҪûмһĻĲţϾʵ̫ˣһµʵôģ
Ůкصĺģоͨ͸
Щ飬Ҳܸ̫֮࣬ҲǸͨˣҲܸӣûôӣʱеĶʵҲšҶС˵
ͯЩĿһҶС磬ˣչ˼ҵȤֲ˵ˡ
ǺҸɣֻҪҶǸͻԽԽᣬΪҵкܶĹЧٺ٣ҪҪھͿʼ
ɴ˵ɮˣ⣬ܳáͯû˵Ȼ˵ģǣȴ룬ѵС˵ĶģҪȻԼôԴӺǴֻУԵı仯Ƥϸ˲˵ƽʱһЩСС缲ʧˡ
ҾɮбҰҶСһ˵ȴһ˿Ц⡣
ͯЦĻ֦Ҳ
ʱһ˽Ǵͨͨ豸дģӾͯС㣬𣿡
ͯҶСĻȹ˹ȥš
һͦΡԼʮ˽ͯʱǼ֮ɫȻƽ
Ӿɣһ˼ˣҶСؿӾɢ˷ɫǰ⡣
ͯС㣬ö겻ˣ㻹ȻôƯӾ֣ϴŵЦ̾
ǰ겻ˡͯҲ֣һ֡
˹ͯҶСߣӾ˵Ķ棬ҶСʱӾЩɫһ˿Ȼʶ֪ԷǸˡ
ǣӾҶСʵ۾Źâһ֪Ǹܴˡ
ãҶС磬ĵܵܡ
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Ӿ˵꣬ȻĿͶͯȴû˵
·֪ӾʲôͯЦЦŶʲô˵ɣСԼˡ
ԽҪһۻᣬȪеϢò˶þܴĶУҪ˶೤ʱͻȥ𣿡Ӿ˵
ȥȻҪȥˣʮδȪУôҪȥЩô


272 
ȪУƫϴһߴͶصĸ¥Щ޴ƵĹĽɫͻĹŵĽϣ¥ɫŵţһİ
¥ǻ˼ŵİ칫¥Ȫеı־Խ
ʱһ㣬ҲǶ³İ칫УõúܵţǽϹһ޴ɽˮīͼͼԱ߻һ飬̫׵ġߡ
һͬ𣬷ҡֱϾ
Ъʱȴˮ
˼ҺԽЦ
ηɷδ١
ʫϾͿԿһǳҰġƽ֮ˡ
ĲԱһƵĺʵӣӵǰһŻΰ칫칤пԣëʡ̨칫ұһ޴ܣ鼮
칫λ÷ǳãʵϣͿ͸ȪĵһУһŵǾһɽСĸо
ʱһӿʵϣ͸ӣ棬ĿԶԵúгǸȫɢһεƣ˸ܵĪѹǻ˼ŵܲԽ
ò˵ԽòȷӢԴɣ֮ɫ˫ۣԳ˵ֻҪһΪŮ׷Ķ
ˡһ𣬺þԽ壬΢΢һ˵
Ŵ򿪣һɫװ˽ɫ˵ϰ壬ȪˣסڻʹڴƵ꣬ͬĻһ꣬ڲǸݡ
𣿡ԽȻ󣬽ĿͶˣϽ׼͹ȥ
ǣϰ塣˹˵Ȼ˳ȥ
ãԽ棬˾ͺãʮδҲ֪Ƿһ
㣬һҪõ˾ҲҪõԽһƬȣӢϹҳһ˿Ц·ڳʲô
ʹڴƵУһ׹ͷУӾ̸ͯҶС翿ɳϾţЩĶǡȨ飬ʵǺʲôȤˣΪ̫ˣΪͯá
׼ᶭ³λõĹһǹ˾ܲԽϣЩֵ𣬺ܶಿŶ֮Уڶǹ˾ĵɶܶԱϵܣŹٷǺܶС͹ɶɵΪ壬Ȼ˵Щǣ𾪣һˣǶǵĵˣȻܶ˶вܣǵòãǵΪġҪö³λúѣӾвûһ˿ȻǸ߰Ķ־
ܳɲɹ̬ΪҪӾԸ֮
ĸҪ㵱һҾþǵʱҲûյúŬҪʲôֻ˵һġͯ˵
ллͯС㣬һж׼ˣֻˡӾţ˸ž⣬һ֪Ҳ򵥣гǸͯȴģûʲô֮ġ
ľͺãԽ˼ݶ֪ʲôҪСһЩͯ
ллͯС㣬Ϣһ£һΪӷϴӾǹ֮ɫЩڴֻǣͯĻȴʧˡ
鷳ˣһСȥ䣬ЩûȪУ뿴Ȫڵı仯㻹Ǻú׼°ɣʲôӡ
ͯĻɫЩ΢΢Ȼûʧȥġ
õģͯС㣬ˡӾ˵ҶСһȻ˳ȥ
㣬˼ѡ³Щ̣Ӿ˳ȥҶСʵ
ҲûʲộһǷԣ˾йɶ͸žԼΪ˾Ĺ׺͹˾Ժļƻ㣬ڶǹɶ߾⣬ѡ˻شһͶƱۺۣŶһЩ̽ǰͼͨ÷ʦǺܹƽģǲΪһŪûнԽԽҪ档ͯЦ˵
̻ȴõİ취㣬ѡܲȡ
ԣҪеĹɶͷͬС
ԭҾ˵ԽΪʲôϵǸƶȡ
ʱſִһͯС㣬ãǻ˼ŵĶ³صǰμӽϵľۻᡣ
໥һۣͯ˹ȥţһɫȹƷŮվſڡ
ͯС㣬ãһҪŮЦݵ˵
õģתԶ³һȥͯ˵žͽӹ̽


273 ۻ
ţ˹ͯɳϡ
Ѿ֪ˣ²úϾͻİ칫ϣϸһȥͯдЦ⿴ҶС˵
áҶС˵ͷٺһЦ˵㣬˵ǲҪһ¸ղδ£
ʲôδɵ£ͯһɻ󣬲˲ҶС˵ʲôһ죬װŭĵҶСһۣôЩ顣
ɲô˵ΪԭʼУΰ󣬷һ塣ҶСһЦȻͯӵ˻Уִ̽˿ʳȹС
С磬Ҫϻ𣿡ͯϷһĨ⣬һ˿
ҶСͣеĶȴûдͯĳȹȡͯĶЦǲǽôԣ
ͯ˵ͷȻҶСĻ뿪С磬ߣĴ䡣
õġҶСʹĻشǵһȪУȻҪúù䣬˵ͻῼȪеһѧǰϤϤҲãʡԼԺһĨڣʶ·
ʰһ£ҶС紩װƤЬͯһɫ˿ʳȹ˺һԽͯŮһ˳ȥǵΧһЩƵƵͶĽĿ⡣
ͯûпų⣬ۻĻϹһȦʱѾĵˣҶС絹ûоʲôͯȴǺۣһֱӵ˴Ͼ˯ˣҶС֮Ŀŵӡ
Լʱͯ˹ϴһ£ųһͬʻȥ
λȪжĺռؼ㣬װ޵ļΪݳޣӾءɽȪһʩӦоС
ֱҹƹѤҹĶôſڵĹ㳡ϣͣ˺ֵܶǧԪĶʮȻҲ֣ܱģ϶ͷһŶȪһ
³󣬻һɫɴͯҶСĸ첲˽ȥһӳǿĴǶɫˮ̻ƣֵҲǧңɳ輸
룬ܶŮžƱȾƣк̸
˽һЩͯϤˣһ˿𾪣ʮδɣδдʵĺۼǶ֪˼ŵĴɶͯڻǼŵĹƱ۸۶֪жڡ
Ȼ൱һ˾ͲʶϾɽв˳̽ʮ֪ӿ˶꿡ܣȦֻҪˣǻʶҶСͯʳȺҲԽǵۣʣòǶƨǵֻж˲ܶעһЩΪףҲ֪ݸ߲ȥ
ͯС㣬ʮ겻㻹ôƯڶ˺ܶడһЩ΢ֵ˴Ůߵǰ˵
ֳ˵Цˣ㿴ᣬɣ˺ã겻ˣԽԽƯˣһúܲͯϴŵ΢Ц˵
ˣҶСа
Ҳúܲ࣬϶ˣǣ۽ǻĹࡣԼĽ֮ɫһһҪ˵˵õʲôĻױƷȻЧ
ףλǣ˵ĿͶҶСʱ۾һʵ
ҵܵҶС硣ͯƺ˸ղŵıãЦŽܵ
ãֳáҶСЦݵͷ˵
һ˲ţֳ͵ĵ˵ͷ
ʱ򣬻м˹׷׺ͯкʺţһӸλм̽ͷ
ͯЩмһ˵˿龰֣֪ǵķһܱˣǮƣҲһǷ׷ߵ˴˵Ǻ·
һǵĶ˲Ůӱǵ񻰰ҵҽӣҲϽ˹ȥк죬ʹ˼ڲʲô³Ҳûʲôְλǣ˼ҵĹɷڣܻڲһѡ³ϷǶʿ˵ǿеĻǹɷݣΪɷݴǮ³ѡ
㡣ͯΧ˴кʱһϲŮӵ˹
ȥֻһɫ¶ʽ˼ԼʮŮ˹üϸĿˮƶܵӰӰ񣬷ұھйŵ£ԵùţϵĽɫ׺ϵĹ֮ԡ
һ˴ԼŮӣҶСа


274 
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ȴûһ˸ұ¶ʲôǿЦлһ˿ļɵ֮⣬ȻŮı
ǵȻǺýˣҲ֪֮ұˣе˶ûϵͯŮǸһЦȵ֡
ҿҪǼ£һӶɣԼĽöˣ̫ûˡŮĿԹû˵ȻʮδٴμʱȻʣɼʱĹϵжá
ˣǰҲƽˣɲҪһľˣҪȻҽķ׳죬ҪҳȻ󣬺ݺݵؽѵһ١ŮӷĿݺݵĵͯ
Ȼˣʮû㵹ԽԽˡŮ˵ЦţҶСޱƵĴͯ߿ĬĬڿɫᣲڵǽǰɳϡ
ͯҲûô⣬Ͼ˼ҽʮ궼ûмˣ̸̸ģҲ֮顣
ʱ򣬻¥İУһɢŵƵվڲǰɳϵҶС硣
𣿡˫Ŀһ£Ȼ򵥣ǵһνĶǳˡ
ǻ˹˾Ķ³ԽĵʱҶС϶İ칫ϡ
ҶСϿ֪ҶСǰʢǸӢۣòЩ򵥣Ϊ߳Ůƣڿȷܲ򵥣ΪҶСǰǸֻ֪ѧϰСӣǰȴͻȻԸ䣬Ʊһһ㣬ҶСı仯Ǻ棬һôܹ˵ͱ䣬һ̥ǵı仯
λСֵܣôһأһҶСĵڶ֮ʱһ˸Žƻ֮ɫ˹ҶСԱߣݸҶСһƣϴЦݡ
лҶСӹ˾ƱһȻ󽫲Ʊ˲輸ϡ
ǳ˳飬ĵǸӣ95ȵģֻȴ˵ϵЦɣ˵Сֵܣ㻹ر𰡣ѹͯС
ҲҪȻһôݵˡҶСɹȻһЦ˵΢΢Щ֮⡣
˺͸ûȵģ׬ǮңһݳޣʲôۻᣬϸǧǸˬҪж
ҶС֪ǰ겻ǼԼһ𣬲Լ󻰵ģҪȻ˼ʶĸУŲһС
ߣ֪ǸСΪ˷֦ԾţΣӾӣһƷζûУ95쳾ͷ̣ˡʱɳɽһԼڶʮҡȫ¶Ƶгǲм֮˵
ʱзǳĲˬղŵͯҶСʱ㱻ͯʺò²һĴŮӵݣȻʮǰʧܾõٵŮӣΨûּƷٸһҪҪ֣ǵĶһĸ첲ʱܷŭҲܼʣԼǵĶôأѵһ٣ȪУû칫Ӳ¡
ֻǣǸһһֱǶߣҲ仯޳մϴּɳϺ󣬾Ϳ޵ļһȻȰ׿ˮһһںȾ95쳣Ǹӣһ㶼ôȥƷζľˮ
Խ룬ԽߣԼǵŮ˾Ȼһôļһ̫ˣԼǵŮһǶŮ˵裬ͬʱҲǶ裬ǣڳһ䣬һۼɺ޵е
⻰ҶСǱЦ⣬ƺܲںʵ˭ʲôʸСеģ
һҲ֣ǲм֮ɫȻˣҾ͸ɣʡԼ֪˭ʱ棬סûУ
ǳ֮⡣
ʱ棿ҿʱ죩ɣҶС絭˵
ʲô˵ʲô˵һ飿ʱŭˣŭСû˸Щ壬ΪݵԭҲû˸˵ʲôǣˬȴ˵˳ⲻǽ˰̣˿ŭ죬һҪúýѵһҪ֪ʲôǲܵġ


275 ľܿ
˵ûУҪҪظһ飿ҶСǳ֮ɫ
ìܣҶСϽߵһߣΨǻؼʱɷģһӾͿԿΪˣȻԷͨǣŴߺͯʶһҶС˴鷳ϽȥȻҲ֮飬ȴЩ䡣
ʱкǰľƱҶС˹ȥ
žƱֻһҪˮȫҶСϣҶСڴ֮ͥѿʧȥӣҪָȦľۼĵطһ٣½Ϊ˵Ц̧Ͷ
ۿˮҪҶСϣҶСȻǰ̤һһסʱգһѺɫľˮԼϣ͹ɼĳͷϡŭϡ˪ѩĳϣǾˮ׼ˣһ١
𾪣ȫ𾪣û뵽Ȼ˸ҵʱ棬Ҫ֪ʱǲ۲۵һ蹷ƾԼʡ˰ֵһ֣Ȫк޼ɣҪ˭ᱻһֱţţֱԵǸ֮ſϰ֡
ղʱáҶСʱ򣬺ܶѾע⵽ˣǲûȰ裬ĵòһɫʣôƻôһʵϷأܶ˵϶ֻЦݡ
㣬֪ðҰСӾȻңڴ󣬸Ұӳȥ仰ʱǺ˵ģһЩûע⵽һ󣬴е˶ĿͶʱ棬
ǵġԶһλźɫװһᣬ弫Ϊǿ׳˱ը˹
ҡϼûκαӵĻ䣬ͯĿһŭһ֮ŮӲһͬ˹
ߵҶСʱʱͣƺڵȴ֪ͯǮܹ㣬ǸŮ˵ݸ֮ôֻҪԼ˸Ϲ֮ʱݺݵ迴ǰһ٣ǾвôѵΪһ֪ðӺ˺Ƥ뵽Щؽ֮˰֣˼ǶҶС֡
ĮӣһٶȼҶСǰָ͸ѿɽʯҶСļץȥҶСӳȥȻ˳ϵҶСĸ첲Ҫͨˣһץ֮£һᱻ飬Ȼ󱻺ݺݵһ٣ϧҶСˡ
ۿԷҪץҶСļϣͯ˹Ůǵģ˲֪ӵĹ֪ģԷۺֱڱ߾شѪֺ֮ʵǿֻʱȰȻˣֻϣɬܶùȥ
ӼҶСû˿Ҫһ˿Щ΢΢ȣȴûͣע⵽ҶСһ˿мʱЩǳں͵ɱĹлĸоһҪס뷨˲ͱѹȥԵ˱һֱǰҪȻһйƴӰģ˫Ŀ亮ųһɿ񱩵ı֮ɢŨŨѪȣһնɱ˵ѪѪѾĹѪҺһֻ˵ޡ
ʱȣ̫С˰ɣѵһ֪ߵغҰСҲôȫɣ˲Ĺ뷨͵õʵ֤
ҶСȭգһȭ˶Էִһצϡ
ꡣĹѵӵ˱仯ʹӣſ־壬ָȫѡ
ҶСûͣȭΪץסӵڣ͵һᣬ֣һŷɳֱ˶ԷСϣƤһ㽫߷˳ȥͬһݺݵ˽ſڡ
˾ˣû뵽嵥꾹Ȼôֲ֣ѹͯ
ʱϻˣڴʵ֪ģǶԷȻ׾ٵľʹ˺ڴ˵ʲô˵˶ԷʵȺڴֲĶ࣬ʱҶСϴЦ˹
ʲôиͽҪҲʱžŵĺҶСԸڴǰԸԼ
С磬˰ɣѾѵˣݲ򵥣οܿĵطҪʱͯŮ˹ͯǵ֮ɫ˵ΪҶСãԷǹٷģԹٶ⻰һҲ١
ܿ㣿ҶСɻĿ֮Ůӡ
Сܵܣľܿ㣬Խܿ㣬治Ҳ֪ҵôõĵܵܡЦһЩĽСܵܣԷĵĽѵﲻڽҰ
ĻгǿҵţȻΪǿ


276 
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лܿ㲻ƽϡҶСһЦĿЩм֮ɫͯĿ˾ľܿ㣬ҪĻԼЩϾܷ˼ҵӣҪ֪һһҪöǮƣҪöҪû˼ҵĵͷԼȻܳһʱ֮죬ǣ൱ڵҶС粻£һ֮ͯȴѵľأοмĸĸ
ҽˣлʲôҪôľܿһСŮǰĿҶС硣
ܣܵ𣿡ͻȻҶС緢ʱҪܣתͷЦһ˵Ϸ֮ɫ
㡭Ҫʲô֪Ұ˭ҶСĻʱĽŲֻ˻װ侲ɫ˵ȴѴĻֻ֮⡣
ҹ˭ҶС˵һƳ˹ȥٶȼ졣
žһصĴУǲֶڸˣһʱ䣬е˶ˣ껹󵨣ȻҸʱһƣⲻֱӴֳ𣿻ǲҪˣһЩ
ʱסˣСûжûܹáȻʱ˺ݺݵĳһƣֱһ㣬˲䣬ˣģϻĸоģΧ˶ڳЦԼ
һŭзеҴң㾹ȻҴң
㶼ģҪٲ죬СҽӳȥҶСĿбų⣬ǰһһޱȵɢǹƺƴеıǰңͬΡĸɽһѹˡ
Ȼֻʱһ˲Ÿܵõʲôоֻǿʱ·ƮƮ͹ɼͷһɲ֪Ӻζ紵ҲǾ棬ڻܲ͸ĵطȻ˷磬ʵǹ֮
ҶСǹ£ʱֱһƨ˵ϣ˫ĿǾ֮ɫĿҶС磬ˣǰˣӦħ̫ˣԼ˼ǰֻϣ·˼һž֪ܽԼ˲ǵˡ
Ȼ竡Ŀˣһж޶ȵģΪˣһ۽𾦣˼Ϊ׼ȷһʧˣ۽𾦲ʹˣһħϳ֣ǿɱʱϽӵֻӴܣܳ˻ٶȣȶܹھ
ʱǱӣҶСǹҳһ˿ЦղǿľרʱԺǿ̵ӡ޵УпҪȻЩС鷳鷳
ʱ߳ȥҶС粻ۼ̧ͷƳһһС鲣ĿȻ䱬õĹâһ㣬ղ͸оԿֻûдˣŽѵʱ澯ǸˣҪʲô뷨ҪȻͬʱ档
¥֣ղŻµĿһĻڿҶСĿ˺Ʊ׻һ㣬ͦεɫ԰ޱȣкȻ⣬кܴ⣬Ҫ²飬
㣬ܿ㣬鷳ˡҶСƶߵŮǰЩǸЦһ¡
ϵĵܵܣУ÷һ롣ľܿͯ˵ȻĿͶҶС磬ģСӷ˺һ㡣
û⣬ؼҪСˡͯЩԺ֮ɫ
Ҳû⣬ղŲǶҽСܵܣ˵ǲǣľܿҶСЩƤգգۣĵЦݡ
û⣬ܿ㡣ҶСЦЦĽһ
ðһСܵܣСܵܣԺ˭ҪǸ۸㣬͸˵һͷģġľܿͯһֺֻ޹˼ɵҶСĸ첲˿ǽڵɳϣš
һ󣬼ͬʱʮװĵ˽һϤӣƶ겻ĺѣĴкӾȻС
㣬С磬ҹȥһ£Щ黹Ҫġͯɫӵ˵ҶСǸһЦȻӾǸλȥ
һȺЦصļһǾͶġľܿƳһ۴Щʿм˵
Ҳûа취Ϊ˻ĸöԣȴ˽ȥҲŴһȺˡҶС絭˵
Сܵܣû뵽ļôأǾһȺˣľܿЦŻ֦Ҳǰ㶼ſҶС绳У͸ڶܿѩ׵ظӿȡ
ζ˱ǶҶС粻ȻŲŲ壬пЦһκ˶ѳֲס


277 αĽ
СܵܣôԶѵ½㲻ɣľܿ㽿ЦһҶС߿һ£ҪҶСϡ
ϮǿУƻŤŪ˵ĺۼˣöԭʼ
ҶСһѹдͷͻȻ뵽һħȾҪľܿⲿһǸߵȻµ
Сܵܣû뵽Ҳл˼ľܿ㽿ЦһĿƳһҶС͡
ҶСεһЦɬ˵Ǹ˼˽㶼ַӦƼʹ̫Ҳг嶯ֽ̫ˡ
ͻͦģͲˡľܿסǰ壬ҶСһ£ǽ͸ģҲҪʲô˼
аһֱԽ㶼Ǻ𾴵ġҶСһԩ˵ı顣
װɣΪҲ֪˵ûкǸԸҿǺ˽ģҪȻôֹڳϴοΪҾûпĵʣûܹŮǲʵģοǴģ˵㻹˭ľܿӵĿҶСһۡ
Ů˵ҲֲͦģҶСЦûгϣҲûзҶС˵ľܿЩԹ
˶ĿͶ˴кһȺ̸ͯЩ˶ǹ˾Ķ£ͯûʵȨ˼Ż˼ŽһĹɷݣкܴ˵Ȩÿλ˶£ǣѾѡˡ
ʱѾϰ˵ˣıֱͦΡɢŵ֮е˴¥ʱղŻͷӶ̸˶ͣͬҲֹͣˣ˶ĿͶˡ
ǻ˵Ķ³Խһ۸ļһͯЩм˵Խð
ҶСȥԵ˵ͷòԽòӢµĺۼһɱµĲɣΪڸλ϶һϣûеġ
Խ߼¥֮󣬺ܶɳϢ˶վҲֻҶСľܿţľܿݱȽأû˸˵ʲôҶСʱ涼ҽѵҲû˸˵ʲô
վǰԽ˻ɳʱһ˿ɵղҶСǵĿ̵ӡûмôֲĿ⡣
λǡŮʿǻӭǰμεľۻᡭӹҪģԽ򵥵˵˼䣬ڻеһЩѣԽϣ˵˾ǻ˼ų˵Ļѡ
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㲻ȥģ죬ð£ľܿЦʵ
Ҳϲֽ飬οҸղſǽѵʱ棬ΪǻģҶСԳһЦ˵
ҲǣߵУе˶㣬һȺ֪ʹ桢ķеļһľܿһ˵
ʱԽΧ˼žƱ˹ϹŵЦݵ˵ľС㣬ɫ˺ܶࡣ
Զ³쿴ɷ⻪컻ѡаգ³һְԶ³ģ԰ɣľܿ㲢ûվɳһ˵
ľܿľٶԽû⣬ʹвҲֳϾǳǸΪ˵á
ﰡҵЩ㣬ЩȨĹɶǻǲһ㣬ľСİҾˡԽźۼ£ľܿ㣬һһ˿̽Ļν
ҿɶЩҶɲȤҲ̽ңĻһֻһ㶼Ը⡣ľܿ㵭˵
˵£ԽϻŵЦݣɫ䶼ûб䣬ĿͶҶС磬װһɻʵλСֵǣ
ҶС磬һСѣɲȶ³ĴҶС絭һЦ˵
Сֵ˵ЦˣܺͯСľСλȪеľ˫ʶСأһɣԽƱ˵
ҶС˵ͷ輸һڿԵȻһߵľܿɫҶСղźȵľˮһСľˮ˵ˡ
Զ³ҵܵܲŸȪУ˽⣬ʲôðĵطϣ⡣ʱͯ˹
ͯĻҶС΢΢Щж仰̺˼Ҳó˼ǣҵܵ뻻ѡûʲôϵòҪ֡


278 ͵Ϯ
ԽǹžһЩ仯΢΢鶯ʹҶС֣òƶЩѶˣʱǸڵʵأǼֱ˵ɲˣȪеĸУƶŵǰ壬ǣҶСȴ׾ٵľʹ˺ڴǶɣֱǿֲ֮ղſĿòѾ˵ķ롣
һˣܶԸ𣿴ѣΪѣʹҪԸҪһȫ֮ߣһٻɱȻǲֵĺãҪȻһöԷ֪ˣôƻʳѰ
ͯС˵ЦˣҶСֵ˽ôðҵĵطҪðӦùûкúдСֵܡԽЦ˵
һ˿ֺõĳɷ֣ͯľܿüΪ棬Ŀйǲ֪ԽʲôʱȻô˵ˣ
Զ³ôĿͯ˵һֱûиԷɫ
˼󣬼ȤѣûҪȥ뷨㬵ˣһ̬֮䣬Ǳ飬̬ľͺһ⽻ҡ
Ҿ;̫ġԽ߿ͯղ֮ɫ
㣬⣬˳綼ܵӦеĳͷġҶС簲ο
̫࣬ȻҲŰ㵫ǰУǿԵģںܲã³ְλǾòľܿ˵
ꡣͯЦ˳ľܿĻЦˣҲеĲ춼ǸЦݸ嵭ˡ
ʵСʲôʱʶģľܿ㶢ͯʵԴתƻ⣬ĿľͲö֪ˣƾԼҲ֪
Ҳûʶ졣ͯϸֳһΣ󣬽ĵҶСһۣƺΪҶСľܿǰ˵ʲô
ʵСܵѾˡľܿһ˿֮ɫթͯĻҶСεЦһ£ʱܲ廰ҪľܿĲ죬֪ʲô⡣
Ĳʶûжá
ľܿ㿴ҶСһۣЩЦ⣬ȻſͯĶ˵һ䣬Ƿչ˼ͿʼǸģ
ΪԼСҶСҶСͨˣ˵ǷԲʮ֮ڵֻҪģС
⻰ͯˣŤŤĲǻشˣҲʱɣ
죿ô죬ɲ㰡
Ҳ֪ԼôˣϡͿľͰԼȫģʵʵʵúܡͯԽ˵Խˡ
úܣ仰˵Ʒµȷ棬ַ档
һɣҪȻҲὫιô㿴棬һ֪ӣƤжϸ壬Ľľܿ˵Ľ֮ɫ
⻰ҶС֣ŮҲ̸⣬ԼļʶЩǳϸһ룬Ҳûʲô˶̸۴໰⣬ΪʲôŮ˾ͲУο˼˽ｻ̸Լ͵˰ˣ
ôĽҽһôһ˻㲻ͯռϷ磬ôܲһľܿأ
ľܿϷɳϼҶСһۣлЩ΢΢ĺߣҶСǳȣû뵽Ȼľܿ㾹Ȼ¶ɬıʵ̫ˡ
ģôľܿĿĹâҶСһֽۣĿͶͯ
ͯ˵ͷҪҪΪǣߴţ
˵ţȻ󣬿ҶС磬˵С磬㡭
˵ҪǸ˵ҾͶ˵ղ˵Щû˵꣬ľܿסͯвŮ˴
˵ЦҶСվĴߣôûнôĵطȻΤֵǼҹܻװ޵ĺ٣ǱͺһũСԺͺıȣ߸ͲһΡ
˴һ˽ȥҶСҲ˽ȥȥǰȻʣһƬݵأдеľݵϣһǸʳоˮݵزԶһ峺ӾأǺҹƹѤ磬һжؿ
ҶСߵݵһߵʯС·ϣͻȻоһľϮҶС˲תӣֻԷһװԼʮˣҶСĿбųһĳӿȡ
ôֵܵס־޴ҶСһ£Ӻƶߵķݣ˳ȥݺݵһʯϣǸʯһ¾ͱˡ


279 棬
ҶС˹ȥӸµĿڵϵˣʲôˣΪʲôҪ͵Ϯң
ȿȿȡһ߿һվѪϴӿӿ˵úأ⻹ҶСֵԭҪȻһȥĶˡ
һĺȻҶСôôǿܸܵõԷδȫҪǳȫĻ֪ܻܲţҶСֲܿĿǲǵģǲһִţսҲִš
˵ǲ˵ҶСǰ̤һ涼𣬽üһͬâų˵ҡһ£ɫΪ԰ףȴǼᶨһ֪ܹѵˡ
ʱ򣬺ܶ˶˹ָָĿˣмˣǸղڴڿҶСֽѵʱˣǸǻļһһЩͬʱΪҶСĵе˼顣
ȻǣһҪһЩõģϣΪ֮˵꣬ĿзĿҶСһۣȻת׼뿪
վס뿪𣿡ҶСһףը˵ĶߣĶжѪ˾ġ
ܵܣ߰ɣʱһŵȻ֮е˹ҶСϤľܿ
ҶСŤͷȥֻŮ˹ͯеɫЩӣľܿȻ欷ϣϵǹһȴʧˣȡ֮һƬ䡣
׿ҪǸ˺һë֪ġľܿĿ΢ɫѿĶ˵
ߣֻҪԹԵĲԽ׳һǲֵģԽ˽ߣǾͲܹǲˡ߻ѪתͷƳһۣҶС磬Ϊңж㼴ʹЩƨǡ
˵꣬׼뿪ӰһҶСһӳ׿ǰ˫Ŀâ²㾹Ȼвңвˡ
ϣһ죬һס˵Ĳӣһ˵ɫǳϺɫ˫ĿжѪǲҪֲжֲ
ܵܣɣ͵ˡľܿǰ֮ɫ
⻰תͷ˿ľܿĿһĨԹޣ΢΢һһԷĲӣǣľܿܲˣݺһ˦ͬһֻһ㣬ҶСӳȥ˺Զľ롣
ֻһѵҪٸвңһͲôõˡҶС˹ȥ
ʱѾ˽ᣬΧһЩɢ˿ˣȺУԽйâϵļɵ֮ɫ˲䣬ɫʧˣǸ³ƱĹǲһ㡣
㣬ô£ɢĲʱҶСǲʴ𣬴Ӹղŵľܿʶ֮ĹϵȴҶСܲµ׵ģԿ϶ǣ֮һиܴĹ¡
ˣܵܣ֪˶ûʲôôҲϣУ𣿡ľܿ˵ŨŨĵǡ
ܲźľܿʶãǣҶСø˵ɣûʲô˼ɣϾ˵ʲôʲôˣһĸо·ľܿϴŴųһ㣬Լһֺ΢޷ĸо
ף㣬Ҫʲô£㷢ʱһҪңҶС翴ľܿ˵΢΢ϧ
ҶСĻشľܿϲЦݣ⣬㶼Ϊá
ЩͲܺˡľܿ㿴ҶС磬г۰֮ɫȻתͷϴǸ˵˱Ǹ´ٴγ̸
ðɣǽ´ټͯ˵ͷ˵
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ټ˻֣ľܿͷҲص˿
ľܿߺٹһһȦ󣬱߳˻˳ȥ뿪ʱһΪܰٺɫķУľܿ͸ӣҶСıӰȻ֮ɫܵܣԲҲܺ㣬ദãӰӣѾ
㣬㣬ʲôˣǸֻʲô£ϣڸʻϵҶСʵղŪɻľܿ˵ģͲ֪ô¡
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ҶСһ㶣̫ˣʮǰΪľ֮ܿѣǣ֪ͯʲô£˵ʲô˵ľܿ㲻ͯС
ʲô飬Ȼľܿӣܲ򵥣شܰҶС


280 Һ
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ͯ˳ҶСĿ⿴ȥûʲôǰܿտкɻ
ǰɣǺãҾͱҶСЦһһĳһƣʯ쾪֮ƣɽ֮İ޾
˭ҪǰһƣҲҪзϡ
䡣һ죬ҶСоԼʵʵײһϡ
ֻһӰƾճ֣ڵһ˳ȥһСγϣγһӾͱ˸ϡá
ʱҶСſ˶Էӣ㶣ⲻǸղǸֻѡʽ۵Ůôв׵ΪҶС
Сܵܣ㻹µ֡ŮߵѪЦǰöŹǵɫƺЩԹԹҶС粻ϧһ㡣
ŮʱͯҲ㶣⻹ǸׯƵô֮ܲҪŮӣⷴҲ̫˰ɣ
ʲôˣΪʲôҪңҶС綢Ůʵ
Сܵܣԩˣҿûи㣬ҸղŽʱ򣬿ȣ˼Ҳ˼š˵ŮӿĿҶС硣


286 ̫
ߡҶСǰ̤һһͬɽһΰϢɢҶС£ŮӺеСۣҡβʱпܱǹѹ֧顣
Ĺâֱӱųһ̵ҶСͬ߸ϵľһЩ֮ˣ˵㵽ʲôˣִݻϧ񡣡
㣬ǻ֮ˣŮӾһɫ䣬Ǿ֮ɫղҶСһƣȻǽ״̬˳ȥһˣΪǲǴɷĲ֮һֲΪĹʹ쾳ˣܶ඼͸ֱҶСȫɢʱ֪εļƻʧˣԷʵǿĳ
˲ŮϵıͻָĿι飬ڣÿ޾ȻһŨζŮƮҶС綼ܿζ켣һƤУڽѪҺ
㣬صȥȻ֪ǸɫΪǣҶС֪ǾԲǺö
ͯ˵ͷܹĵ˵С磬Сһ㡣˵꣬Լĳȥߵʱһһͷǵ֮ɫǸŮˣ֪ʱҪǲҶСģߵĻΪҶСۡ
Сܵܣ벻ҪҰŮӽЦ˵ǻдħıܷӦһߴֹƻ֮˵ţһ߽⿪ϵĿӣ£Ť֫޳ֱȣƽ̹СͦԲظ֬ѩļûһɢջ
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ҶСЦһ£ԼЩŮӶ


287 Ƴӡ
ҶСߵͯСγǰ򿪳ţ˸ʻλãŤͷһֻͯޣĹˮѩ֬ļϷ˵ķۺ죬һĺɫְҵװ¿ȫ⿪¶˰Ĩѩ׵ز
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ǿľһʶĿѤޱȵĳɨǺɫĻͱ˲նϣҶСûͣʶһ֮һŴɫĻ䣬סգû̶ˮ㲨
ҶСųһǳˮɲͨĳˮǾɵĳˮˮ˲ͯͷѣ߾ҡ
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˫ĿһϣȻղЩֻǷһ˲䣬Ҳ0.1ʱ䣬ͯûо쵽ֻǸоԼ˺ܶ࣬Ҳٱ
ݶʵ̫ݶˣǺɫĻ䱾ֻһöӣȡͯľسһ仨ҶС絣ĵǣ¶Էڻʶǿɾд鷳ˣҿûС
ʵҶСҲˣĹ˵þʶ⣬Ҳֻдﵽ߾˲һ㣬ӾȻˣˣͲὫһ³ְ֮С
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ʲôͯЩɻʵ
ûʲôһܸͣܲҾ˵˵ô˵ԽֵģҶСʵ
ͯ˵ͷʱѾûʲôѹͶҶС˵



288 Ѳ
ºһżȻĻӾͯɱԽԽЩɣΪڽǰԽͽ˺üμܣټӾǽ֣ûлɣʮӾһֱе绰ϵÿһΣӾԽһЩ¡
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ҶСӣ֪ͯܲҶС˵ʲô˼ҶСһۣʵʵģû뵽㾹ȻǸɫǡ
ҶСٺһЦ֪֪治֪ģ㣬ȥԽɣ֪һЩ
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ҶСĻͯ˵˻ҶС˵ûÿ˻֮ʱǸղĽһǸ굽ضС
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289 Ӿ
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Խһ˿ľȣ漴ָֻǰı飬Ʊûбǳڸλγɵ̩ɽɫ
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Ƭ̺Ӿֹͣ˿Цƽͯ˵ƾҲҲһֻ϶ѣͯС㣬Խ˽٣


290 Ȩ
Ȼദֻвʱ䣬ǣҶ˽ȥһֱʰ֮ġرˬˣѣͷΣܶԷʲôѣᾡȴÿһЩҵЩƶˣҲǳѵõĺˡ˵ţͯ˸һ顣
ҶС΢΢Щᡣ
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һֱڰϻϵԶ£Զ»ǵļƻҲί߶ѣǣǸ˻ôǮĵģ컻ѡĵ죬ǱƽɷݣȴԸָѣǲϽǾ͹ֲĺˡ


291 츳ߵս
Ҫ˵ĹɷȫۼҵǱǮ䣬Щ飬ΪһЩԭܹĲУԶ³ȥҪԶ³ܵ˺ɣǱ֤ԶִҪأѾʮˣǵȲ𰡣
ĿѾȷˣҪ˼ŵĹɷݣ֪λǲӾ˫Ŀɢĺ˵
ΪʲôһʼǽɷݣʱҶСͻȻʵ
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㲻Ѿƻˣһᾡʹ㵱϶³ģͯʵ
ǣʵԭļƻԶִԽжᵽɷݣȻٴжùɷݣ㽫ɷݸңȴ˱һͯС㽫ɹɷȫңֻһЩֺ죿˵ţӾĿͶҶСϡ
ǣ˵ĻҾͻỳġҶС絭˵
𣿿Ǹղ֮ǰѾˡӾҶС˵
ǵģ̫˻ˣղŶ˵ʥ˶ǣȴֵô
ԭȷҵʧ󡣡Ӿ˵ͷ˵ȻĿͶͯͯС㣬ԸԸĻҲĹҶġ
ӾĻͯһŭȴ֮ɫ
ӾδҲ̫ҷ˰ɣʱҶС絭һЦ˵
С硭ͯĵĽ֪ҶСȺǣӾ̬ȣЩͿ˵ӾҲЩιȥ˵ˣõ֤ɱ˭Ļûӵùħơ
ģһûµġҶСͯϸ֣š
ߣǺõģǵʵиͲҪҶԿǳ˵λʯͷȡˣӾЩмƳҶСһ˵ȻĿͶͯƺڵͯش
ʯͷӾ㲻仰Щ˰ɣƾƿؾʵЩҶС絭˵
ҶСĻӾɫһ䣬ȫɢһɼΪǿƣǹƺƿһ֮
˫ĿУųΪõĹâҪҶС翴ͨ͸ֻôҶС綼һͨ˵ӣûһΪ
˵ҶСûһΪͲţһӿΪˣûΪͨܽгľ磿˵ȥ˭ҲţôھֻһˣԷΪܶࡣ
㵽˭ӾضҶСʵ
һ˭ҽҶС磬һСѡҶС絭˵ȥǱ߷һսɣһûкƿؾ츳߽֣ϣ㲻Ҫʧ
˵꣬ҶС˻ɢһĪĲΪһ壬һƮʮ׵ľ롣
㣬￴ţһȵϻҪĴ򶷡ͯߴҶС
쾳磬쾳ĸ֣صĹӾɫЩӵ˵
˵꣬վ𣬽磬ÿһνŲͺûһ㣬ƮƮͬӰһ㣬һӾǰףǶ˵Ƶᣬ˶һ
ҶСھͯͣӾվҶС档
㻹ݺݶȻ㾫ֶҶСȫɢԲʮ֮ڵı̲ݣȫݣƺǾµľ
ҶСһٶȼ죬Ӿȥ
Ӿûж֣ؼ䣬صֵȻ䣬ϿгһĨƲʣס˳޵̫ݵϵı̲΢΢ҡֻ˲Ĺⷽؼ䣬ŭ𣬿罫Ӿһ̼䣬Ʒо飬һԸ֮
Զ˿Ŀɿڴ⻹˵𣿾Ȼֻ˵һԷΧ͹˷磬վﶼܸܵη硣
ΧӾߵĿԽԽΧɫǷɫ籾ûɫģΪ۵ʵ̫ܼˣɫ
СҶСյӾǰʮ״֮ʱӾٴ˵ЩɫĿ۳ˣһѰɫУͬ쳾һҶСȥ
ǿȲôķ£˶ĩƮɢڷУݵصУΪ̲ݵϡ


292 Ӿ֮
ЩɫУҶСͫһȫɢѤʵĹâγһԲεĹ֣С
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ҶСȫϼȭȥƲһɵ˶ȭͷ˿ռУܼķкһֱΪ׵ĲԲͨ
ҶСۿһҪӾˣ츳߶սҶСû˿飬Ӹղŵ츳ǿһ㣬߲֮ԶǵĹʽһ㶼Զ̹ǿľݿռиԵԵ˽й
ͬ쾳磬ÿһÿһʽأԶ֮ԼĹϣӶʹùӵиܡ
ҪԷﵽڲԼ£ֻнܹԷֻҪһȭͿԴܶԷ
ԲεͨһֱӵӾǰ׵ľ룬㱻һε赲ˡ
ҶС㣬Բͨз˹ԽԽҶС磬Ӿһ˿ŹֵЦ⣬˵ҵ磬
ϣҶСʱоԼ·Уɵ𤽺һ٣ٻܴʱԷֻ׵ľ룬Ǵʱͺģôƶܿһ㡣
ѵ֪츳ߵǶΧһռľǿգ츳߶ԣ߽ΣͬʱҲĻעҪˡӾгϲ⣬һ˿źΪûȫ֣еź
һ츳սʱþǿռ䶯Ȼſ츳ߣҶСððʧʧĴ򷨡
ɱһɱ쳹ؼ䡣
Ȼ䣬ӾΪĵضͣһ㣬ʱɫУ˷ҶСֶȥ
ԶͯܲѧҲҶСʱƣɵýһţǵ֮ɫ
ϲԽͯϵıеɫܸӡ
ǵġͯ˵ͷദ˲ãһ˸еʣʻøˡ
֪ǲһģһԵǾˣʡĵʱ˺ԼҲ˺˱ˡԽȰ˵˵ʵÿ˶ԼҶСڻᣬԺ·ܳ˵̫ˣ޷Ժһ
Ҳеֻȥʱʶ𣿺οڵҪŮж٣ɵˣնϵʱҪնϵġԽ˵ȷһģĵΪͯ룬ǣ̫˽ˣҲ˽ҶСˣֻǽ뷨ǿҶС϶ѡ
֪ǲһģѾŮˣһһŮĬĬΪôֻҪҾˡ˵ţͯϹҳһ˿˸еЦݣЦŶδһе㽺ϣ
ơʱؼһһը죬صҰ
жôļ̣סңҶСȫһϼ΢ĺڷ裬һȭϺȥ
ҪƳƬռ̵Ŀռ䣬ݺݵز˲һ澵ӾҪ˴ơ
ҶСһȭеȭ˿ռһѤĹ𣬺Ҫ񷡣
ӾһкǺӵĹȻ˼֣һ̣ҶСߵĿռָƴˣϼӡ
䡣ҶС˫ĳÿһƶͬİЩɫת˲䣬ͱ飬Ϊʧ˿С
ҶСд˿֮ɫĿӾʵҲˡ
ϣҶСһȭƥ˳ȥռ䶼ȭ˺ѵ졣
ҶСڵһȭӾɫ˱䣬һ˿Ŀֻţû뵽ҶСʵ˵Ŀֲ֮ǿᣬҪһҶСǸȼһСģ츳ƿصĿռУƶһʧȥս׸
ƿءӾбһžâһͼ쫷γ˲谭ⷽط·Ҫƿһ㡣
͵ȭͷһʮᣬǰʲô谭Ҫһȭơ
䡣ȵľӾԿռƿأǰЩֽܺһȫ顣
䡣ƥȭһӺ䵽Ӿϡ
һͣը˿Ѫ꣬Ѿﵽ츳߾Ӿôˡ


293 ³ѡ
ѪҺĭɢ䣬ͣˣҲΪӾĬ
վڲݵϵҶС磬ϼ⻷ƣһնħɣͻȻ䣬ҶС罣üһţѵûûղŵһ˲ⷽиܵһɾ񲨶
漴֮Ĺâ˫ĿбųֵֻͲһ㣬λεĺɨƬռ䣬Ŀ䵽ݴʱڲݴһöӨ͸ľ壬ʣǾ츳߾ɵĽᾧ壬һ˵ľʶԼ䡣
һ죬ȡͷɵУһĿзǵ֯Ǹʲôģ
ΪʵǿͿԶԿǵ֯ˣǵ֯ǿĳһ죬ǵ֯һһ֮ϣͳƬ½Ӿһ񲨶
˵˵ҶСٴηһ񲨶
㺦ˣһһعġӾһ񲨶Уľ壬貵ĹâȻʧӰ٣⳹׵ʧˡ
ҶСгصһ뵽ղӾ˵Ļ;ӿ֪Ժᷢʲô£̡δ֪绹ǸӰҶС
һ뵽ĻôߣһССĳ쾳ˣЩʲôҪԼΪͬʱԼߵ˲ܵ˺
С磬ôʱͯ˹һĵĴҶС磬ҶСǷܵʲô˺
û£㣬õġҶСЦЦ
ͯܲŵٴδһҶС磬ȷûܵʲô˺ʱŷ
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飬˭Ҳ˵ȥ͵ûпһĻɣҪȻֻǵļҶС翴һ˵
ȷʵЩˣ˿ʲô˼飬ǺЩй¶ȥڿֻšᶯңʱЩ˵ļ䡣
ҶСе棬˶˵ͷ˶ϻ˺ܶ⣬һЩصĶ˽һЩġ
㣬ӾѾˣ˼û˶³ô£ҪˡҶС˵
ðɣ»ЩѰˣύЩ飬Ӿ³һְǵĻɵģϼʱ䣬Ȼ󱨰˵Ӿʧˣ˾ĿǧЯ޿ܵļȻѡ³һЩͯ˼һ˵ȻԽһۡ
Զ£ղӾᵽǱǮ֪ǱǮҶСʵ
ĿѾȫЩǮת˹˾ĿˣҪĻ뽫˾еĹɷݹƱջͳһ㣬֪ǱǮǲܵ飬ʲôʱˣĿϷܲ鵽Ǳʾ޿Խ˵Ŀ侲ޱȡ
ҶС˵ͷȻĿͶԽϣĿϬ絶Զ£֪кܴҰģǣ˻֪һЩãҪȻҲҲʧϡҶС˵
ģ֪ôԽЩεЦЦҶСʵѾʶˣǼֱͲ˵Ҫ練ƣƼʹЩҲ鲻ʲô
Զ£ͽˣеˣֻǻ˯˹ȥûʲôΣաҶС˵ȻŤͷͯ㣬㻹ʲôûУûеĻ߰ɣ
лл㣬ҶԽĵлҪҶСƾͻʧϣҶС翴ĵĵģеû£ģҶСһ˿塣
ûʲôˡͯ˵ȻҶСĸ첲ȥ
㣬׼˭˾Ķ³ڸʻϵҶСʵ
Ҳ֪˾ڸͲ˽⣬ʹҪѡ³ӦôǼλѡҪȻû˻ͬġͯųҡҡͷ˵
ʵҾòΪ˴Խ˻ֻҪЩȱԸһһû˸ǿġҶС
˭³ʲô˼Ӿղ˵ˣ˹˾˼ҵ׬ǮߣҲ֪˼ʲôʱջضԹ˾ƿȨͯЩĵ˵
ʲô˾ĹɷݵȵȶǵµģֲµģƾʲôջأοĶΥ飬ҾͲǸ಻ҪԷİ֣ģڹ˾ϵľͲ̫ൣġҶС簲ο˵
ͯ˵ͷ
ʱһֻͯ


294 ˵˼
ϲ㣬ԸڳˣҪͳԷŶͯ½ľܿŽЦʹ˹
㣬һЩʣͯһỵ̂һֻ˵
ʲôˣʲôʣѵ˭ֳ˳ľܿʵ
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ҵ绰󣬱źʻȥ
ʲôӾҰļңһԳȺɫΪķڣľܿϮһǳİ͸ȹɳϣͯĻ󣬻Ȼ壬һ𾪵ӡ
Ӿƽʱʵʵأû뵽ȻôĳǸľܿ΢΢̾һ˵
ǰص̫ˣҾȻɵɵĻҲô⣬Ҷ˽⣬οأͯЩɬ˵
̫ˣһ˳һˣһȴĻˣЩ̡ľܿ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵˼һʵ˭ζ³һְѵԽɣ
п⣬л˭ܵΣаٷ֮ʮĹɷݣʲô뷨ͯ΢΢̾һ˵
˵Ҳǣ˵λЩġľܿͬĵ˵ͷ
绪Ůһһ䣬ĵǻ˼е飬ҶСľܿױ̨ǰϣ֮ɫĿľܿ㡣
ԼԵʣľܿ㴩ĸı¶ȹرᱡͬһ㵭̣ɫ֣ģ޲ùȥǲ谭
ܵܣĶأͻȻľܿ㷢ҶСĿ⣬һ˫ĿЦЦĿҶС磬дŵȻ֮С
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ܵܣ۸ˣҿǵһǰ·Ҳ㲻ˣҲǸкǲǾÿЩ񫣬ҪҪ㿴ľܿ˫ַҶСӵĿϣǰ㣬ǰֶܿü
ҶС綼ԼĺЩˣһҺѿڶԡ
㻹治ʵѵû㾡˲ɣ˵ţľܿ¶磬ҶС硣
㣬Ϲ˵ʲôأɳϵͯһ죬ľܿһۡ
㣬ˣϣ˵ţľܿתͷŴһ˿ЦݵܵܣҪ𣿡
˰ɣҶСϽ˰˵ղֻһʱ嶯˵Ǿ仰侲һᣬȴ˵ˣҪ˵ˣԷˣǿǲǸԾ⡣
Ĳ뿴𣿡ľܿ㼫Ϊ˵Ĳˮ
룬ǲܡҶСʵĻش
㻹ʵһľܿҶСĶͷһ£ȻҡС鲽ַصɳϡ
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ľܿ㣬ҶСҲܸӣҲ֪ԼôһܹϵˣرѲĸúԥͯĽϣֻһʱĳ嶯ĳɷݣԼȫɱµķǲ֪ΪԼȴȥ⣬лЩ΢΢ڴڴľܿ㷢Щʲôϵ
ܻɣǲԼǸӣͺڶŮӾ壬öıԼɣҶС
ͯҲһиӣһҲԼĺýýؿշļįһ溦£Щ˻˺ҶС硣
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ܽ·ʲôµһ㣬˵ţ¶Ĵ⣬ߵҶСǰҶСĸ첲Ҳ֪ͽҶС
㣬ʲôˣҶСɻʵ֪ʲô£ȻղŻЦ绨һ˶ųӣѵΪǸˣҶС
ʶĸӦУǸ˵Ϊһ㣬ҲͺؾΪּ˵Ϊ磬ֻ˲ˣľܿһ֪ԷʵȻԷʵ㲻ʲôͨ˵пȷʵΪֲġ
ԼѾչ¶˲֣ǣľܿһΪԼЩͨ˶ѣԼԷ˺ˣԼ
ܵܣʲô£ϽȲɣˡľܿǰ֮⣬ҶСЩۡ
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ȻҶС磬ǶԷʵۼģһŲڵϣϾͳ˼һָĺںѷ죬ǼֱͲͨӵеСʱǸˣʵǿֲ֪ôȥݡ
һ֮ҶС磬ľܿ㵣ĵĿڿҪˣˮҪˡ
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ҶС磿һӸµĿ˵ĿЩ΢΢ʧҶСǸߣǣȴû뵽ҶС粻һͨ˶ѡ
ӶУĬĬһΪѾ˺۷ˣֻҪ΢ЩѹͿͻƵأǶвһЩͨ˰ˣĶĸ֡
ϣ׿˶ʱʶԷĿǸߣ󣬽һ飬ǵֻҪǹԱҪһ˵ĵϸҲСʱ飬ʾǸҶСˣһǸߡ
ǣЩ޲ȥҶСһһѵһ¶Էһ棬ͻƣãԼһöӷϢ˵ҶСͯˣϽ͸˹ɲ潻Լõˣͱ˽Ůϵ
ǣһǻѪصսǰҪڴĶַһսǣԷʱǷڵĺսѪҺǱñ鶳סˣҶСǸߣͨ̫ˣɷҲ
Ҿǣʲô£ҶС絭ʵȴ˼ѵ˵ĵﲻߣ
ҶС磬ҪΪܴ򣬾ж㣬ľСԶһ㣬ľС㲻ϵˣҪȻʱ򶼲֪Լôġϵŵʧˣȡ֮һּΪϢƽҪʵĳ
һҪǸ˺С磬СʲôòľܿǼᶨâ˵
ľܿĻһɫ˱䣬ôµ飬ôҪľܿ˱ԼЩľܿ㲢ûʲôľٶǵľͷǣи޼ɵˣľܿ΢΢ЩͷˣǾͻֱЩֱʧǸʱľܿ㶼ûʲôʾǽʶԷǲвġ
ǣľܿ仰ʶǴˣǰԷ֮ԲںЩΪûʲôоľܿΪҶС˵仰ԤʾʲôԤʾľܿںҶС磬Ǿ֣˵ǰһŹҶСĴĻôڣȫӲľܿ㲻ɵĳҶС磬ҪȻܾͻɴȻһҪȥһҪ


296 ˵淴
ôأҲǾһˣľС㣬ǲ֣ҲϣľСҲҪ̫ڿʲôᡣһǿЦһ˵
ȻĻ˵ģеĺȴ˵ǸˣղľܿĻȴؼɵһľܿĻô˽ֻİ취ˣ
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ܵܣòãľ֮ܿɫҶСĸ첲ʾҪţԼһ취úһɱ
ǣҶСһõ쾳֮ˣʵܱһССĺؾвģһǿûģҶСľܿҲֻһͷڱԷƣ˶һ¼ҶСе淴ԽǲôҾƫҪô
ҶСŤͷľܿһЦ㣬ģһûµģƾ񡣡
˵꣬һͽͯԼĻУرϹЦԺһ˵㲻ҿڲˣһ㱧˻Уô
󵨣ҶС磬ҷ֣ҪȻҿľСӴĲ֡һһһǿɢĿƻ޲ýҶС翳⽴ܽޣȻұҪ󿴻Ůǲˡ
ǰЩֻǺľܿߵĽ㱻ˣȻҶС羹Ȼľܿ㣬ҶСѾ̫ˣҪҶС
ܵܣˡľܿҶСĻţỨ˵ʱﻹ绪ȻµŮһ°ܵ˺ĳŮӡ
㣬ģЦһѵ㲻֪Ц𣿡ҶСͷЦһһľܿ°ͣһϷ̬ҶС˿ûдһûĻһ㡣
ľܿ㵣ĵϳһĨΣǺޱȻƽʱŴ󵨡ķɧǣʵǸصŮӣûбҶСԼһʱ䣬Щңӿ
ҶС磬ҿǲˣľС㣬˵ʲôҶҪ˫֣֪ʲô˶ǿģҶС磬Ȼô֣ҲҸȥһѾȫûǫ͵ķȣһǸ˶ӣ֪жôеŭжôʢ
ðҵҪôҵ˫֡ҶС˵
ܵܣҪȥҶСӦľܿ㲼εϣһӱޱȵĲҰףرҶСҶС綯
㣬ҪģҼȻ˵аաҶСŵ˵ȻͯʹһɫϣȰȰľܿ㡣
ͯĵҶСһۣȻ֪һʵжôǿҶСһںӣ֪˺ܿܶ벻ҶСĶ֡
㣬СˣȻСô˵һİաͯȰ˵

ĺˣµġͯЦЦ˵
ͯ˵ˣлǺܲģǵ˵ͷϾͯҶСദʱ䳤֪ҶСĵϸ飬֪ͯģӦò᲻֪Щ˵Ŀֲ
ľܿ˫ɿҶСҶСĸ첲ĵǼᶨɫҲȥ
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ܵӣǺһ׿˵ɫҪѿжѿҪ֪£һصĴǵģ˵ɱ
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ҶСλŮӵ˵ͷȻ˹ȥ
ҶСûбԼеֶסһһ˿ɫһоʹ׿ȻЩʵûнҶСУϾ񶷾Ǹ񶷣书ԶˣߵĶ֡
ҶС磬㻹Щʵķϣһ׼һǣԼҪԹñˡһ˵
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ЩҶСľܿ㣬龰һ뵽Ǹˣֵǳݡ
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ҶС绺˹ȥ֮ɣԵЩףͬľӣʱŷųԼһ˿Ϣ
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ҶСӸ£ƾЩһ㣬ǵжǿֻҪٸ鷳Ҳⶼ
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һҽһɫ԰ޱȣǺݶ֮ɫݡ
ֻһѵοұǵֶΣ֪Ҫ١˵꣬ûᱻΪĺһŮӵķȥ


298 еĵ
ϴ󡣡һһҰޱȡήҲӣ׿һҶСŭĿӣȽһԸƴˡ
˵꣬ҶС˹
֡һɳ˵ֻѾˣ׿Ѿ˵ҶСǰ
ҶС˫ĿըõĹԣ˵ҶСǰ׿һͣǱҶСеĹâסˡ
ҶСһӣһõĹ⻪ɢֱ׿
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׿嵹˳ȥһѪ£ͬų˶÷ޱȡ
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ȻղѾµҶСпѾ쾳磬ǸĻҶСֻھأΪҶСʵЩᣬοǴ׺쳾֮أҪͻƵ쾳ֱڵ죬ʱۼҶСɢĹâŶԷѾ쾳ĸˣжϳԷʵͲڵǰԼһΪ˫ۡ
ʱңѾһˣǵ˵ǲһ˵ģг˰ûڻǰûڡ
˻Ҳ˵ֻҪһߵϢ棬һҾйˣȼһϣֻ֮ˣ˵ֻǱϵ˸첲ǻϣģһصΪûˣţѰ
㣬㣬߰ɣĿһڲݵϵ׿ͺһгһĨ⣬ȻߵŮǰ˵Ϲŵ΢ЦƸղʲô¶ûзһ㡣
ҶСЦ˵ĿͬʱһЩɫǼʶҶСһ棬ԵᣬԵ˵Ĳ̣ҶСֳԸжһЩϲǰμҶСʱЩɵ춼һЦ޺лЩĵģҶСԺԿҪ֪Ǻܸӵģ˲ҪģҪкģġ
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㣬ģǵһܹƵġҶС簲οľܿ㣬ʵҲЩ΢΢Ľš
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ʵĵĲЩ˳ֶԸǶԸߵѣ֪ˣֶԸͨˣЩġ
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㣬ܸܲңΪʲô˺׽ҶСɻʵ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôܵܣ㻹ǲҪܽˣֻǣǶǣǵ̫ˣʹ쵼ˣǶɵ֡ľܿ㵣ĵ˵
ðɣҴӦ㡣ҶСװ΢΢˼һ˵ڱϰһľܿ㣬ΪԼġ
ҶСĻľܿһųĵЦݡ


299 һ뷨
򣬺ߵıȺһšЩŵζıУһɫ԰ޱȵװ޵ĺܾµĿУڲͣĲѪ׿ߡ
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ϴڸô죿׿ǵ֮ɫȻղҲ˶ԷĻԷĻʵ̫Ǹеˡ
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һʱүܴ󹦸ɣֻϣʱ֮ĪҪʲô¶߿ȥıӰ˵


300 츳ߵ
ΪεĻ˼Ŷ³Ӿڵڶ죬Ҫһȫ嶭»ģǣڶතǵϰʱȻӾ
һʱ䣬ܶත¶۷׷ףΪĹɶͯȻҲڣǰλãһ˫Ŀɨˣ֪ЩʲôԽУͬ붨ɮ˫Ŀһ²ؼӡ
Ȼֻ֪ӾǲˣΪѾӾ屬ըˣĭΪһ壬׵ʧϡ
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ܵܣ𣿡ʱһĵ˽ŵС˺ܶ࣬ǣҶС绹


301 
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ʱҶСڳ裬ȻǾװûľܿûлشһ뿪ǣֻԼ뷨ѣŮ˵˼ǺѲµ͸ģ˭Ҳ֪ǵԴʲô
ܵܡҪٲ˵ҿҪˡľܿ壬ʹƽһ仰ĳȡ
ѵܵܣûڣڳҶС⻰΢΢һصԡĿأһ𣬸ϵСˮα˳ȥƮһɵİˮ
˲ĹϽϴԡҵž˳ȥ׼·֪ʱͻȻ򿪣Ϯһɫ˿ʳȹľܿ˽
Ŀʱ˶һ㶣漴ҶСһϽңȥ·
ľܿһ죬欣ԺвҶС壬Խ룬Խ
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ˣܵܣ㡣ľܿаﲨιԣ
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ܵܣҪľܿ㽿˵ȻԼǣҶС÷ſ
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306 ޱ
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С磬һ򲻹ǵģܰɣȥҾæסǣǸŮӣǲҶֵġޱǵǡš
ޱĻҶСЩ΢΢ĸжΣգޱȻԼܣסЩˣжȷǺܸжֻǣزǰˣģǺϵġ
ģһȺСһȫԸ㶨ǡҶСޱЦЦȻĿͶ˹ļˣ˸ź⣬һš
ҶСϵ飬ͻȻ뵽У԰ʢҶСžǿ֣һ˲ʹſ˰ͽ΢΢


307 ѵ
ֵܣþòˣߣһȾȥ͡ߵҶСǰһһҽֱ۴ҶСļϣһϤӣҪҶСߡ
ҶС绷һΧֳվڲĳվڹԱû뵽ǻͦһ취ҪվǲҶ֣Ͳһˡ
ȻһЩˣע뿴⼸ڵ׼ʲôһһĻȻˣҲûᡣ
СӣòҪҪȻ׵ӽ쵶ӳҪɾͲˣ˵ǲһƽͷϴЦҶСߵҶСұߣһִҶСļϣֵָֻ֮һΪĵƬҶСĲ֮ϣΪԷǳ䣬û˿üŵƬ
ҶСûзǴȥվڵȷܲö֡
С硣ޱһǵĵɫҪ߹ȥ
ţӺһģͷĺˡҶСŤͷһЦŵ˵
ҶСӣޱȥĽŲ˻ͷһƬǰǸССкµĹתô࣬š⡢ء
ӻܻĻҾͻᱨޱа뵽ȻѾǰֹϵˣޱǺںҶСģҶСıԺ
ɷϣҶСı󣬸ˣǣϣҶС粻ҪıĺãΪʱҶСɵɵģԼĻˣûиıҶСԼͺɣ
Կ͸˺־ǿΪ˺׵ĶԺ־ǿˣǰҶСֺãҶСͺãǣҶСѾ˱Ůˡ
ĺѩͥرԣòʸţһԼҪܶ˶ԸҶСŮѣ˵ҶСȷܺã㣬ȴҶС磬ķ̰
ʱ˾ˣԼõߣǣȴúϧȥ׷ѰһЩԼĶȵʧȥˣŸоյˣĵǲůʧˣ֪ˡ
ܹȥδǰ˲ҪģҪúõذǰˣĪҪʧȥźڡ
߳վ˳վһСͬУһΧĸˣҶСΧסһչ¶׺ݵ
磬δŵƬƽͷλ͵ҶСǮʵ
Ҵ첲ȣģȻҽҵѾˡɫӳ꣬ǿʹɫ˵
ʱΪԼѾˣҪ֪ԼͷѾȫҶСˣ֪ı顣
ǣ硣ŵƬƽͷ˵Ȼʹһɫ˼һ֡
СӣñҶԹԵǷĸ첲ȣҪȻеĵƬɲˡƽͷвҶС˵
ĿΧĦȭ׼ֵļˣҶС³֣ɵơ
ǹҳһ˿Ц
ʲôٸ˵һ䣿ƽͷɫ࣬еĵƬҶСĲӣʱпܸҶС粱ϵĴ
ҺݺݵƽͷžҶС˵
з˷֮ɫһ֣ҪҶСһƣһ˽ȭͷҪȥҶСС
顣ҶСѸײڶ֮ƣţֱӽ߷˳ȥһӣƽͷеĵƬͳҶСУȻƽͷĴϡ
һϵеĶһ˲ɵģΧ˿ĿɿڴǸûпҶСĶ֪ˣӲӡ
㡭ҪʲôƽͷˣظܵǵƬıͲӴλö¶ԷһСĸˡ
ſƽ硣ҶСõвƽͷ꣬ΧļðŷŭĹâлЩ־š
ҶСûǵĻһ۶ûпƽͷ˵ʲôһ̵Ľѵ
ϣƬҶСĻһƷһ㣬ֻʮңҶС罫Ƭ˵ϡ
Χ˷˾𾪵Ŀƽͷֻ꣬ƽͷд֡С͵֣ҶСõƬϵһƤµ֣ѪޱȣȴûѪҺ
ͬǵĿ⣬ƽͷһɻ󻹲֪ʲô£оʹ
ֻǸĽѵҶС˵ȻĿͶɫӳꡣ
ҶСղŵֶΣסˣҲסˣûмôˣȻܽһöƬʹõֵزҪ֮˵ĺĻʹоŸˣҪǣҲ˲飬һ뵽оԼĲ쬵ġ
׼ҶСǸʱҶС˹
ĽѵǲҶС˵Ȼһ˹ȥһӱ㽫߷˳ȥ
ɨʣµļһۣûжֽѵЩˣ֪Ѿˣ˫Ŀź⣬С˳ȥЩŵ˫ȷҴһ£ǿ־塣
뱨ĻңҶС硣
ҶСԶ˹


308 ֻҪұ
ҶСߺ˲һڳһµľ֮ɫȻǱҶСղŵǸסˣˣ޷ƥУе뷨
ҶС磿ҶС磬ѵΪӢҶС磿ҶСһ߷˳ȥɫӳӵ૵
ҶС¼֪ģǰϡ϶Ƭ
ʱˣҲˣ֪ԷҶС磬Ͳȥ͵ԷǮˣҲԼֵܱˡ
ӹɣһŹ˵ֺһıҪȻôܴܻоˣҪȻô᲻ͣĲ¼Ϊ
ܵһܵѰһᱨͷʱ˲䱻ˣǲһЩСˣҪ˲ǵˣ£ǵĺӾ͵ͷˡ
ʱ˷׷׽ĿͶƽͷ꣬Լͬ¶֮ɫĿܸӡ
ôôңѵҵлɣƽͷ껷һ¼ˣɻʵ֪ǣϵȷлһһܲ򵥵Ļ
ȥɣʱ͵ҶСǮĨһǵѪ˹ӿڴóһֻ˹ȥɫܹŹ֡
ӹֻƽͷֻĻԼһգһȷϵȷǿһһ㣬ò֣ΪֻǾӣʲô֣ѵǸղǸõƬҵϿʲô
ֻǰͷȥ־ȻǡС͵֣֣ѪޱȣҪѪΪһ㼫ΪıĤûѪҺ
ƽͷһ֣ȥΪǲĤʵ̫ˣݲðĦָʱѪ˳ǡ
裬̫ˣ⻹ԺôȥأƽͷһйеԹ⡣
߽ƱҶС綼Цһǲ׼ģϾЩ̣һ뵽Ļ֪ж˻ᱻ͵ԣȻ˺֡
֮ûбֻΪʱûʲô֤ݣʹУЩ˷ᱻʮ죬ʮֻųûʲôЧ
С硭ҶСߵվڣޱͽһǵģܵʱҶС翴ʮ㣬ǣȻĲѣÿһӶǼ尾
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û£õģƾǼ˻ҵĶ֡ҶС΢΢һЦ˵кܸӡ
ޱɫϿȷԼܵģǣҲںޱԽԽǸӡ
ʱҶСվޱĺ棬ŶӵЩ˶ΪҶСޱ¹ϵҶСĲӣҲûж˵Щʲô
һһͳӽվʻ˽ͳʮһˣҶСǵڶʮ˸ˣˣ˳ؼңޱҪõȰСʱʱ䡣
ŶӵĴ򣬳˿һһ˳ҶСޱȻһǼӰ೵ֻҪͿԷˣðʱŷ
λϺ˶û˵ҶСһ˫Ŀһϣ֪ЩʲôҶСӣޱɫЩįһֹӣվʲôû˵£ҶСֵĮı顣
ʱҶСҲǸޱȣлЩϲޱϾһ˵ĳ˵ˣҪǻָǰĹϵȻǲеģʹûĽѩĹϵҲܣԭԼǰԶޱҶСǺԹޣܹѾˣˣ֮ҲˣѱȽϺðɣҶС
С磬ղʲôˣڣޱܲ˳ĬգҶСʵ
ҶС˫Ŀûпһޱƽ˵ղи͵ҵǮץס󣬺ݺݵĽѵһ٣кܲ˺ܶ׼
ҶС飬ޱɫͻȻҰޱȣһʹֵĮ̬ȣһвĿڣʱᵽҶС統ʹ࣬ҶС̬ҲϣϾԼ˺
С磬֪Ѿܻصǰˣǣϣ㲻Ҫңòãޱд΢ʣĿ֮ɫ
ޱı飬ҶСЩϧЩ̣һЦûô㰡ֻǽ㵱õѣѵ𣿡
ѣҲ㽫ҵѣҲҪôֻϣңҪôĵĮޱ˾ӨˮϣӣرԼϲˣĿҲܼ򵥣ҶСס󣬻һޱŮ
Ҵû㣬̹ĵĳˡҶС΢΢̾һ˵ң綼ˣ˵뿪ҵԭ֮ǰҲҵĲԣԲ𡣡
ҶС˵лԼĽëϻžӨޱĵЦ
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309 û
ֻҪұã仰ôϤ
ǵãʫ͸˵Ļʫһ硢崿סͬһ߽ŮӣȻΪԼԼΪѣĽѩʲôĶڰĬĬعҪܼ򵥣ֻҪҶС
ڣޱ˵ͬĻȻͬǣаĸȴͬʫһ˽İȵ飬ޱĻУȴһֲģЩ̰С
ҶС˵ͷʵ㲻ͷνΪбͻޱӰӡ
ҶСͷޱϵıӲˣͬϼӳѩĻͶ֮ź˺ܶࡣ
ǣţޱЩˣҶСĻ˯ˣŽẹ̈΢ޱҶС΢΢̾һʵҲͦģΪԼĸں־ǿ̫ģ˺־ǿΪ־ǿԼһʵʵڵĶãǣû뵽־ǿҲ˵뵽塣
ʮֵʱ򣬴ͳ̫سվҶС绹׼ޱޱԼˣǸоȻͣһµԵʡ
ˣҶСЦſ˵
ţô춼ˣޱЩ΢죬˿Щȵ˵ƺʱ̫ˣҶСĻдһʱ䡣
ȥɣϵ˶ѾҪˡҶС˵ȻӻȡԼаޱ
ޱ˿ڣȻֻʣû³ˣϽվҶС粻֣ʾޱȥǰޱһ˳ؼʱĶ
һ죬ҶСˣ˵ĹϵѾǰˣȻѾˣջصĻޱĵģոһ˿ϣ˿ϣǶôп顣
ҶС֣ޱϲɫһ˿ļϽԼַҶСĴУҶСᷴƵġ
ҶСһԼаޱĴһޱС֣˳
ڳſյ첻ʲôһ棬һӿоһ¯һ㡣
ҶСϽޱߵ˺УһλҶС絹ǸоʲôϾ֮ˣǣޱ̶һͷϾð㺹
С磬ȵһ£ȥϴּ䡣ޱЩǸ˵Ȼ˳վڡ
ʮӵʱ䣬ޱ׻ɫĶѾˮʪˣµ״¶Ҳ㺹졣
ҶСóһֽ˹ȥ
ллȣҿߵʱ򴩵ıһ㣬ҪȻޱЩԹ˵ӹҶСݹֽڶͷĺˮ
ģѾ·ݣܲȡҶСЦЦ˵
ҿͲȣϺһޱЩֵĿҶС硣
ҶС統Ȼ˵ǣԼԭ򣬡һһʣҵƾ͵ְɣ
ۡޱĿҶСһۣ˵Ĺϵƺֻصǰ
ؼҰɣҶС˵ޱļҾ̫һׯУΪسǱȽϽ˺ܸԣޱҲְһеһС١
ޱ˿ʱ䣬ѾˣȻҶСϵĳֱܶ࣬ӵǴֻһʱĵӡ
Щ뿪ҶСһǵ˵ͷһĦģҶС罫ޱͻׯޱļſڡ
ҶС绹ǵһޱļңߴ¥Ϊ֣滹дż֣ҺˣԺӺܿ¥ͦԺУܱ¡
С磬Ҫɣޱһ֮ɫ˵
˰ɣһλѧУʱɣһҪϽϻؼȥҶСίľܾˡ
ҶСĦģֱӸϻؼңûзسǣȻؼң̫鷳ˣֱĦĻؼҲʮǮڲȱǮ
ӣ⻰һҲ٣ʱȥˣﻹӣûʲôı仯
Ψһ仯ľǼҼһǰĴߵʱȫ֦ѾȴǴޱȣïʢӣѾ˻ʢļڣǿлŵĻζ
ҶСļһ߷ֳһңԺһˮ߷éҲ档
ĦһֱҶС͵˼ſڣľʵĴŴţҶСŵ˽ȥ
ţôûˣҶСߵԺ󣬾ûиܵ߷ڣκεϢһ档
Ĵſţȴûˣʲô
ѵ軹ڵûлؼңߵʱ˹ţӦð˵⻹˵ùȥ˹˵ͨˣѵǳʲô鲻ɣҶС罣üһ


310 С鷳Ҷ
뵽ҶСϽ˳ȥھӶҵſţ˽ȥ
ҶСĸǵϴҶĿҲҶСĸף϶ҶĻҶСĶ塣
ҶĻľܺãΪ˾һЩС⣬ټϼĴݮÿǿɹ۵ġ
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壬С硣ߵԺУҶСһ
һһŲɫɴ򿪣ֻһʮСŮ˳һϥǵİɫȹ㷢Ժ󣬴۾תһֺܵƤĸоŮҶĻŮҶСãҶա
磬ˡһҶС磬ҶǾϲ֮ɫһһ߶˹ȥ
ѽ磬㶼ҸôˡҶվҶСǰʱԼܵҶСĲλãȵ˵
Ҷսʮ꣬һͬлԡ
ǵøߵʱ߶ܵ촽λã˺ܶ࣬㳤ףǣڱߣЩ֡
Ǹ糤ˣվûгߡҶС۰СԴ˵
ûгҶˣҸҶղؿҶС磬Ĺĵ˵
СӾ±˵ûгӡ
ҶСЦǺ㿪Цģ棬ն곤˺ܶ࣬ҪٲţǸ粻Ҫˡ
ҶСĻҶտĵЦ۾Ŵϻ۵Ĺâ磬λմʲôöˣ
⻰ҶСԼԴ¸ˣǰÿλؼҵʱ򣬶Ҷմܶö֮γϰߡ
ΣΪԸ䣬˼ˣѼСƤˡ
磬ò˰ɣҶЩźС˵һӡ
Ǻǣߵʱ򣬴һЩ飬æˣ͸ˣ´Σ´һܶĺöҶСűƱ˵
УھҪҶյСԴҡĸ˹һ˵ҶСΪѵںںڵ鶯һת·뵽ʲôһ㡣
ڲңҲԣڣܸ絽棬ҪաҶ˵Щص⣬ǰҶС󣬳ȥʱ򣬾ͲǸС鷳ҵˡ
áҶСԥһڴӦ
վ֪ˡҶմ۾Ц״ԵÿļˣǵıҶСĸ첲ҡ
գȥˣôſżûˣҶСʵ
ְ˵ǵʲôˣҲ֪ղŴ󲮽˰ְּҴҵĸȥˡҶ˼һ˵
ˣҶСüͷһ壬ȻҶ˵ڼȥˡ
УҲҪȥղŻӦңȥʲôطҪȥġҶԣ۾ίỨ
ҶӣҶСһͷۣ֪С鷳ǲеģǱ˵ͷ
ҮҶС˵ͷҶЦһĶǱ˵ͱ䣬̾Ϊֹ
գȻȥһţҲϣĸ粻һߵġҶС˵Ҷһεı飬ҶС粹һ䡣
绹һɣҶȻҶС粻ģҶС͵͵һˣ˵꣬Ͻܽڣûйʮӵʱ䣬ͷ˳ϣһԿףߵҶСߣ磬߰ɣ
С鷳ҶСЦ΢΢ҡҡͷȻ˳ȥҶСæϡ
һ߽ҶСļңҶС罫ԺаŵڣȻһ˾ȥ
һ·ϣҶߴߴ˵ͣһֻС
磬ôôףǲǴˮʱĺãҶͻȻʵлЩĽ֮ɫ
пȡúóɼҲУҲðװ׵ġҶСЦ˵
ƭˣŲأͷд򹤣ȴˣѾСˣƭյġҶͣŴĹâ˵
ҶСһЦû뵽С鷳ûˣѾ˴鷳ûƭ㣬Ҳ̫ô˭̫´ʱ䳤ˣɹڣ춼ڽʦУ̫ɹͻףʵڹϴ򹤣ɹڵٶȱȱ׵ٶȿ죬Ϳ۸ˣ˵ǲ
Ҷͷһ룬Ȼ˵Щܸеƭȴ˵ôƭˡ


311 ì
ѩܶɽˮƽغ٣󲿷ֶڴӵĶߣÿҲĶأ⿿Ļƴ綼ˡ
Ϊƶ¸һЩڶˮԴ㳡һЩˣ߳ɽ򹤣Щˣѧ⣬Ȼ󲻴󣬵뻹ɹۣʣµľʵ͡ûʲô׬ǮͷԵˣǳֵ⣬ߵɽڲҩǮӹýͰ͵ģҶСĸ׾һˡ
ȥʱũֲݮֻҪֲݮũйϢṩݮרżԱָĸܶ˶Ųмһˣܶ˶ȥˣڴ򹤺ܶͥԣ࣬ȷʵ޴ģûжϲڼֵء
ҶСĸҶĿҲ׼ȥ򹤣һߣûڳȥ򹤣ڼ˴ݮ
Ϊܶ˳ȥȥˣڼҲţûֲҶĿͳа˼ҵĵأЩ˼ҵĵضǺҵĵڵأһĶаʱ䣬һԪҲֹ࣬Ѿǵˡ
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µĳɳݮӭ˳ڣһջĲݮΪһûо飬ֳɫƷֺ٣û׬Ǯȥũҩ⣬ʣ˵Ҳ׬һǧ顣
żĽǮԽԽ࣬ҶĿ˴ӹҴĿһԪһȥƶñӣֲĴݮʾֲܶݮũȡ顣
棬ҶĿĸɾˣ׼ʮ·ݵʱҲаĶؽɴʮ·ݵʱԡ
ǣΪֲݮ˾޴Щ򹤵ۺˣеֱӷؼ׼ֲݮе֣ǵѾȥˣֻܸɵۣû취Ǿͽעˣ˵ʲôᷢչҲˣҪһĶһǧԪֱʮֱѪӲȡһЩ㲻ǺãͱˣԸȥ
ҶĿһһĶؾ׬ңȥ߰˶ѣһľҲЩаȥ˵УǧѾˣǣ⻧ȴǲͬ⣬ֽдĺúһǮǶģҪۣͲУ⻧ǸͲԸ⣬Ͼ˭ԸԼͶǮֵһ֡
ⲻҶĿ飬ǼĶصǰ绰ûͬ⣬ҶĿǸƢ˵ȻѾģһǩ˺ԼǲܸĵģһǮҲ
˵ʱУϾǩĺԼڣǣ׵ģͷ̧ͷԷҪֻҪǴ࣬ʵһ㣬ҲǿԵģǣ˫˼ԵĸܣһʨӴ󿪿ڣһãһìˡ
ʱѩ壬ߣһƽĵ޽˶ʮȫֲݮġӱϣһҶСĴ
Ǽϱߣһĵﻹ޽ŴȻҶĿڳа޽ʱȴѾͣһЩߵĹ˶վһߡ
Χ˺ܶˣе˵ֻЦݣеĮؼı飬еͬӡ
ܶȫѵθҲ̫һЩɣһҶСЩƵˣһߴԼһҵ˵Ƿŭ֮ɫ
ҶСİְ֣ҶĿһϴѾ˵ɫ䣬ǲ֪˶㣬һ˫ڲЬһ֪Ǹƶũ
ܶȫźɫɫп㣬ŵһ˫ɫƤЬڳˣģũ壬ٺиƨãһĻٺõ·ҲĲӡ
ҶĿջؼҲãͽӵ˻ڵŴĵ绰˵ܶȫӳˣסЩ޽ĹˣЩ˶
ǣĻ˾һͬȥ
ܵʱֻЩѾֹͣשͷЩõשͷѾ˸Ƶˣ⣬ҶĿŭʵԷҪƵЩשǽܶȫһ˵㲻ͱ޽
ԷԣһھһȻҶĿҪһԪҲ˵һĶһһԪֱʨӵĿڻҪ


312 
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Ҳǣֲ¾ҪֲԵʱˣҶĿ޽ôĻǮҪȻԼͲͬ⡣
ܶȫҸ㣬ȻѾǩ˺ͬô˵ڵʹȨңûʸ֣ҪһĶһԪǸͲܣаصĺͬдĶǮǶǮһҲ㡣ҶĿضŲܶȫ˵һá
õãͬϵЩǮҪģ㲻ǮͰɡܶȫһӡ
ɣѵ赲סҲɣҶĿϴһ˿ķŭ֮ɫ
Ҿ赲ˣôô㻹붯ֲɣܶȫųЦ֮ɫ˵´ҶĿҪǮλϵѣ𳵷ѡʳޣҪǮĻǼһЩĶִܵĻǼһҪæǼλڴӦ
ֻҪ赲ң㿴ҸҲҶ֡ҶĿԱùһ£ǰһ˵һҪֵļơ
ܶȫҸ㣬ҪǸ赲޽СҰȸϡʱҶĿһʮҺҶĿòЩƵ¶źݹ˵
ҶСĶҶĻҶĻǸˣС͵Ƥǳе£رݣСʱ͸ðשı˵ͷڸݣֻҪֱؼѪ˶Ҷҵ϶
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ޣ㾡ܸ޽ҽͿҲҵҶĻŤͷһߵһ˵
Ļ磬⡭ЩΪ֮ɫмΪѣҲ²ܶȫΪֹվԭλãûж
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Ҷ϶֣Ҷ統ģΪһС¶֣˺ҶĻ׼ֵʱΧһЩ񶼸Ͻסˣʲôصĺ
Ȱ˵ҶĻǴһĳ˳ң˳壬˺¶ֵģˣܶ˶Ǻ𾴵ġ
£ô졣
ǰˣµһ¡
ΧĴһ飬׷˵Ƕìܡ
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ҶĻǲ鴦ģΪ漰ͺͬɵ⣬һʲô֪ô鶼ð˶ô˵ˣҪǲʾĻǷӡ
Ŀ㣬һĶ׬Ǯɫɽһ͵ûпҶĻǽĿתҶĿʵ
ǮɣּɻʵǺѻشģҶĿ˵˳Ǯȴ˵һЩ
ԪٰõǱ˼ҵĵأ׬ô࣬һЩҲӦõģǰɣȫҪһԪȷǺܶ࣬㲻ǻ׬ɣ˸һһһĶذǧ飬ôʵ
ҶĿɫѿͲǵìܣǱֳԼһ׬Ǯ˭ͬ⣬Ҳ˼ײĳ
壬û˵ɣǧǺãҰҵĶسаһҰǧǮ㿴ôҶĻǲ˵
⡭һЩ˵˻ֲݮҲзգһŪòݮĲãͻǮ˭ԸһĶذǧǮղ֮ô˵ȫǽҶĿÿһĶԪĻϡ
ЩˣͲ͵ģΪڴǰʾһ˵أ׼ģû뵽ҶĻһ䶥ײĲ֪˵Щʲô
ܶȫҸ㣬һĶҸһԪͬĻ¾ôˣͬ⣬ԭļ۸ҾͲҵס޽ɣҶĻ˵һ


313 ĸ
һԪʲôЦҶĻҽҲ㣬ûһԪͱ޽ҶĻô˵ܶȫҲ˻粽õ˵
ҡҶĻֳ£˫Ŀ⡣
ΪüһΪϵѣܶȫʮ㣬Ҳһһ£ҶĻ˵
ĻˣǲаˣÿֲֻĶֵҲ㹻ˡҶĿһ˿ľȻ
磬ôأкͬڣҾͲҵҶĻ˵
ˣֵĶҲʲô£ֻҪҽĶܺãϵƷʵĲݮҲþͻȶּĶǮ١ҶĿ͵ɢĪĹâһǻ۵Ĺâ
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ҶĿ˵аԼļĵˣܶȫЩţֲݮľͲ࣬Ҳֻʮ໧ôһ֣¸û˸ҳаĵˣԼ֣ﶮο̫ˣڼ齫Ұݶܽݮȫˡ
һĶһһԪļ۸񣬴³ҶĿ⣬ԸаģΪûԸֲݮϾպܴģһʮ廧ֲ˲ݮֻ׬˴Ǯ߼׬ĺ٣һⱾˡ
ΪȶԣֲܶݮˣֻҪԼĵֲɴݮˣûбҪаأаأֲĲݮ࣬۲˵˵ûйλʧˡ
ҶĿѾǩ˺ͬˣһ֮ڸǮҵĶְɣҲҪ㣬ҪȻСһں󣬽Ǽˡܶȫв˵
ѾעҶĿˡǿأҲðҪȻôԸǼϵأ
˭ҪǼҵĴڲܶȫĻ䣬һʵ˹տȻɼ׷ŵĴһ̼䶼Ĭˣе˶ķȥ
ֻһʮ˾һСŮ˹λɫһҰɫϵп㣬һ˫ЬǸϹҶСҶա
ҶմǶʶҶС磬Ϊ겻ڼңԸ߶˱仯һʱ䶼ûϳǶʲôˣôҶ϶ҵĹŮһ
С磬ʲôʱģôؼҲ绰ʱҶĿԶһñƤЩڵĸŮ˹ҶС磬󿴿ҿ۰֮ɫҶСĸ
衣ҶСһԼĸ۽ǵβ˺ܶ࣬Щʪˡ
С磬ˡղźվһٸҲ˹ЩϲɫҶСĶҶյ裬ɡ
ҶСЦЦ
ûмС仯˲٣ͷôˣ㶼öϲˡЦ˵ĺʱ֣߷ֿ㣬¶ΪȹʽĶ䣬ϻŵױ
ôҲˣɿԼıŮҶСֱʱһʵ
ǸҳġҶմ˵˵һСͷһľ£ӣɵģͥһǸĸ͵ġ
֣塣ҶСеĽ
С磬ʲôʱģҶĿϴϲ˵ӶӻϲԶԶسаķա
Ҹջſţûˣͺչˡ
֣ʲôˣҶСʵ
ûʲô£Ͻȥɣһ㷹ҶĿҶС˵ҸЦݡ
ҶҵĶӣôˡ
Ҷиôõһӣʱǵһ˵ڳÿοҲǵһأ˺ӶȲҶС硣
Ҷҵĺӱ仯ȥʱ򣬻ûôߣҲûô㿴˳ðװ׵ģģԺ϶ָϱ
˼ҶҵĶӻˣһ̸ţҶСڴǳСѧϰͺãÿοԵһûпڶѧ󣬻ɻĽѣÿνӵʱ򣬾ҶС統̲ġ
ҶСû뿪վһߡ
裬׷ʲôˣҶСʵ
ûлشҶСĶͽľ˵һ㡣
ʱ򣬴ܶ˶Χ˹һдӵǣҶСһЦݵĴкҶտԼĸ类ΧŴţСǿĵЦݡ


314 
ҶĿĺöӣôûòȻҴСУʲôĶӣʲôĸסܶȫƳһʹ̸ҶС磬ȻĿͶҶĿ䳰ȷ˵
ͦ⣬ҶСղŵʱ˵Ǿ仰
ҶʲôˣʲôĻ˾ߣɣˣþĻֱһ˷ѡûҶĿ˵ҶСֱӻؾ˹ȥд̣Ѳܶȫ
ΧͬˣǾ֮ɫǵǰҶСľګܺߣ˵ڳڳ¡ݣ˲š
߲Ǹ߲˶һһЩ޲øϽϼ꣬ʱ
Сӣ˵ʲô죬СҰƤӴáܶȫз׹˵һСëȻ˵ǲ֪ȻҶĻǣȴҶС硣
ƾ㣬䡣ҶС˶˳˵
ǻˡܶȫĿһɣ˳е£װҶСȥ
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֣ģƾǸƨҽҶСӵĿһ۲ܶȫ
ҪŭܶȫȻݺݵĽѵһڲܶȫˣҶС绹Щ˽⣬ʱǴһֺУӲӹýͰͣĸĸȰ˵Ҹɣһһûе£ĸˡ
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Ϊ͵ҶĻһֻȻ֪ǲܶȫɵģǣΪֻһֻοͬˣҲû˵ʲôǣһ͵Ȼˣ͵ֻҶĻһӻˣһľܶȫ׷ܣҶĻݺݵĽѵһٺʵ˺ܶࡣ
ȻѾʮˣǣǸĸı仯ġ
˵úáҶĻ͵ĿҶСһۣ˵ȷǸ˵Ͳңҷһ
󣬲ܶȫɫ࣬ϵɫ粻߸߾££ΪҶĻԱ»Ŀ²Լ£ҶĻе¾ĵͷϡ
ղҪǼҵĴģҶСǰһĿбų˵
ܶȫһҶСĿľѣĿ̴ܹ飬͸һУԼûôֲĿ⣬һ䣬ɫŻָ˹
ԷֻһСëԼʲôµģ뵽ԼԼѣ㲻ٺˣ߸ͷ˵˵ô
Ļ䣬ҶС綯ˣܶȫе£ľһգݺݵĴ˲ܶȫϡ
ܶȫҽһ˵ϡ
𾪣ΧĴһĻˣû뵽һ޸֮ѧȻ˵־Ͷ֣Ӧʱ䶼ûУһ¾ʹ
ҿûбҶҲĶԪҪȻҲᱻ˴һ٣ȺһЩ֮ɫ
Լĸ˵־Ͷ֣Ҷմ۾ðСǣںڵת֪Щʲô
û˵ϵĲܶȫҶСֻɨһ۲ܶȫ˵Ǽλ񹤣Ȼ󣬲ջĿ⡣
˶࣬ǶҶСϵ̬סˣһΡΡһܶȫͷ¿ɲǸҳͷģһҪ겻Ҫ½ǴˣǴ˭Ҫҽҩѵġ
ֻһССĽѵٸңСĽȸϡҶС
ãǶĺֶϣȶ嵱껹ҶĻһҶСļ򣬹Ц
С磬ϽȥҶĿüͷһҶС˵ҶСˡ
õģ֡ҶСЦЦ˵ȻŤͷͷϲͣźˮĲܶȫ˵ɣҪ޽ҪȻСҽ
ǡǡҶСĻܶȫϽ˵ǿվȻǴ˵Ĳ»ˡ
Ҫĥ⻰һҲ٣Ըܶȫ֮˾Ҫ÷ǳֶΣвͨġ
֮һٽ⣬Щ뷨Ĵ


315 ܰ1
ڲܶȫȱǼ˲ȥΧĴҶСĿⶼͬˣһЩȻмֵļɵ
ǵУҶСһֱǸɣԸ΢΢ЩкǣҶСΪȴǵ֪Ʊһһ㡣
Ȳ˵ˣҶĿҲоӱ˺ܶ࣬ǰǻֵֶ˼ΪԸɣ˼˼ǸͲ֣Ȼ¹ϣ첻µزһ㡣
磬˭۸գһҪսѵҶձı˹ȥҶСĸ첲գĴ۾˵
õġҶССԴ˵
С磬Ȼȥְְ봦һ¾ͻҶĿֺǺǵ˵ӱˣӺԵĸˣﻹЩ΢΢ĵǣ׻˵չۣԸǺܺãǣΪᣬվǻԿġ
õģ̫ˡҶСĵ˵
ҶС硢Ҷգһȥ
ɺҶղûлȥԼңҶСҶСżٻˣһ׼úþ۾ۡ
С磬ʲôȥصϴϴֺһЦݵĿҶСʵǴȰ֮ɫ
ʲôԣֻҪģҶϲԡҶС˵
裬ҪԻʳʱҶղ˵
úãСè簮֮ɫĿҶա
ɰҶСҶտӣ˵ǿӣʵҶСںҶ죬ҶСҶսԼзһЩ飬Ҷרע۾һգգĿҶС硣
磬ǲǰһʱ˵ǸҶС磿˵ǸҶСҲһѧģϲŵǸƬеģ塣ͻȻҶʵ
ǰһʱ䣬ӵϿܶҶСƬĽϿ磬ȥ裬ֱ˵ǣΪǶ˽ҶСԸ֪ҶСͲˣǣСжһĻ룬ҶʼΪҶСĸ硣
ղҶС署зǼ˾ǼʱҶǼ£ǿʵ۾ڴ֮ɫ
ǵģһУ԰Уֻһ˽ҶС磬ûͬġҶС˵ͷ˵
ۣǸӢۡҶմСС˷֮ɫҶС߱ı
磬ҽһǼ·Ĺ̺òãҶ굽ҶСĻУҶСϣðСǣһȴҶС署ӡ
ҶСǼ»ϴͷβһ飬Ҳʡ˺ܶ࣬ʡԵЩŵĲ֡
ߣЩ˾̫ˣôأҶջӶССȭͷŭ˵
йһеĲһҶͻȻ뵽ʲôϴЦʵС磬ϻһŮһƬǸŮ˭ǲδɩɩ
С鷳ʣҶС绹Щûش˵ǸŮǺʫܲڳ˵ǾŮѣŮѿĽѩһԺĽѩңС鷳ָĽѩ˵ôǸŮѣǸֻİɣ
ҪС鷳˵ĻͲˣС鷳Ըдֻ˵ġ
磬˵ǲδɩɩҶ˸ŽĹâҶС绳˵
ǣֻǸһͬѧҶСϽ˵
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ףʲôôӲӲģͻȻ䣬С鷳Щȵ˵־ȥץ
ۣʲôʱֻҶմҶСĿڴóֻСЩ˷ܵ˵
ֱӴҶСĻһ߾ȥ棬Ѹղŵ鶼˸⡣
СӾСӣһĶͣ
С磬ֻʱ˽ǡҶյĻҶСʵ˵ţһһҶŵֻзһ˿ɫȻܿǿֵֻơ
ֻһλͬѧ͵ġҶСЦЦ˵
ǸŮͬѧɣǼˣǿֻƳֻֻļ۸ǧǮʵ˵ǲ̸ŮˣǼҺǮɰԵʵ
ǸŮģĽѩС鷳С鷳Ҷյ˹һҶСĶˡ
ҶСЦһ£ҶСı飬Ϊ˵ﻹܲҶС̸Ůѡ


316 ܰ2
⻰ЦһҶС˵ô㶼
аֻһõѣǻʵĹϵҶСûֱӳϣɲ뽫ֵ÷з
ǰũ˵˼뻹ܱأһŮӻؼңߴŮӵķԷĭӶ˵治úѧҵЩŮ֮¡
ǣķչũ˵ĹҲˣһŮӣ˲˵㣬һ㣬˵бƣжĽȻԭũȢűȽˡ
㣬һ֪ǸŮӺϲ㣬㿴ڴ̳˼ҵʱıǮ·˵ٴӼҪǮ˼͵ĻĲɣžĹâ˵
ҶСεЦЦʲôҲû˵Ȼ˵ʵ˵ԼʶһģһֻܶĻ⡣
ʱҶСֻˣС鷳ЦݣǰĻȫԺ󣬽ҶСֻ
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ף˭ôСֻҶսֻúܴ˶绰еͯ
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ãҸʲô£Ҷմ˵еһ㣬⼸ũˣȻҲʼʹֻˣʹõ˲࣬ҶСңҲһֻΪʱõģƽʱͲҶ棬ǺºصС鷳ֻˡ
ҶյĻҶСЦͯȫԵҶյ衣Ȼ˼ҽ㣬ǵġ
СãһǸƯŮˣֻܲܰ磬˵仰ͯӵ绰д˳
õģ㡣Ҷ˵Ȼ˹һɤӺ磬и˵
ܴ󣬷·±һ㣬Ǹü
磬С鷳ֻҶС磬ȻҶСߣҶСĸ첲ţҪ͸֮ܡ
ι㡣ҶСһȻֻСһЩ
ûͦɰģʲôʱ򣬰Ҳй䡣ͯЦ˵
⻰ϳϳҶտĵЦ
̫ҶСͰСһЩС鷳ˣһҶ˵绰ͯ绰ҲûʲôҪ£ûУ˵һЩĵĻ
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ѵСںһŮӽ۵Щǣ˵ܶ˳ﶼˣ仵ˣЩģҶСǲҲ仵ˡ
С磬ŮѸ绰ģɴ̽ʵ
аҾȹһ㣬ǰз˾Է¼УҾȹһˡҶС͵
衣ǸӢۡʱС鷳£ϴ˷֮ɫ²ĸɽŸղҶС¡
˭Ӣ۰Զյ˵ʱҶĿֵ˽ҶĿҶЦʵ
Ǹ磬󲮣ǸӢۡҶ˵ȻֽҶС˵һ顣
ҶĿüͷ΢΢һ£Ҳû˵ʲôҶĻҶСļ佱һȴҶСԺҪΣյˣһԼܵʲô˺ǾЩòʧˡ
ҶС˵ͷ
ҶĿֵϴһ£Ȼ󣬾ҶСߣҶСеС鷳ֻţ˳ȥæ
һ󣬷˾ˣԲϷ˲ˣȻС鷳ҪԵĻʳһӵˣΧԲϣ˵Цĵĳŷ·˵ĻܶⶼǹҶСеҶСпԵʱ˵һȥһΣЦĸǺϲ£죬佱ҶС磬˵ҶСúѧһõĴѧҶ⡣
ҶĿҶС˼䣬ҶСʱҪУҪ£ȻͺҶĻҴҵȥǵ๤ȥˣЩˮˣ콫Ǻá
ʰŻص˿Уɳϣһŵӣһʱ̿ŶӣҪ½ʶһ飬ˣһС鷳ĵúò⣬ǵĻǶҶСĹġ
ǼãܸܵһܰĸоǵƮĹ֮顣


317 ɽ
תۼ䣬ҶСڼﶼʱ䣬ڶӵаֻƷװ£ҶĿҲûôʣֻҶС粻Ҫϵƭˡ
ΪѾˣܶ鶼ҪԼŰ죬ĸܲһӸڶӵƨɺ档
ҶСѵһٲܶȫҲûиң޽Ľ˺̶ܶ࣬ʮĹѾķ֮һ
úøɵĻھѮȫԿ
ϣҶС𴲣ĸûڣԺһȭ塣
մ꣬ʹ˽
ôˣ˯һ᣿ˣ۰֮ɫ˵
ѧУϰߣ˯ˡҶСЦЦ˵
עԼ壬̫ˣ㿴嶼ݳʲôˣóԵģ岻ղ˵̸Ůѣǲģʵ
ûУҶ˵ǲһϵرõѶѡҶС統ȻҶĸ˵Լ̸ŮѣĻĵأϾǽҶС͵ȥ飬ΪҶС罫һõĴѧ
иеģҶСĳɼõѧѧУǮÿ»ԪĲ
ʱһ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ҶĿļ֧£ҶСȥõĸУΪһȫõĸУȫеļȫҶĿ˵ԽңܸжǼûǮǣƴҲṩ顣
ĸϣһУҶСÿοԶǵһÿ궼õǧҵĽѧΪĸ˺ฺܶ
ҶС˵ûУ΢΢һ˵С磬ҲǷ̸Ůѣ㵢ѧҵֻҪûеѧҵǲ˵ʲôģ㻹Ҫעһ㣬ЩŮһĸͿũˣǸƭˡ
ǵ֮ɫ
֪ˣôôᱻƭأҶС˵
Ǿͺã⣬¶ҪһۡЦЦŶ˵
ȥСΣʹڼ˵꣬׼ȥ
ҶСߵǰ˵軹ȥɣþûл뿴Ǵڱô
ţӦúúתתڼҲƵûš˵ͷ˵
ҶС󣬻ϾûôţңûгȥǸС鷳ڹǸС鷳û˯ѣǡøɵʱ䡣
裬ˡҶС˵һ䣬˳ȥ
С磬ȵȡҶСߵſʱס
裬ôˣҶСתЩֵʵѵ軹ʲôҪԼ롣
һʱòҪȥɽɽǱ߲ȫＸҩ˵ɽˣŵü춼ûҳš˵
ã֪ҶСڴӦ˳ȥ
뵽Լĸ˵ĻҶСЦЦԼŻԼʲôҰˡ
ɽڴһ⣬һ޴ɽ֪ӶٹɽľߴͦΣҶڵգ۵⣬ֻ͸¶΢Сİߵ㡣
ʺͻԭɽϳ˺ܶҩģһЩҰޣǰһɽҩһЩ͵ҰޣҺڣ̫ΣˣȳϮ󣬻ûԸȥɽˣʹȥҲɽΧһЩɿݵĲҲ͵Ұޡ
СʱҶС羭ʹĺǱ棬ΪСӴɽǸСкܶзСȥ׽з
СʱһЩȤ£ҶСǲһ˿ЦݣСʱȤģʹʱţҲĥЩġ
С磬ˡҶС绹еʱһϲҶС˼
ҶСͷһһͷһߵ꣬ҶССʱ飬ɣǳĶ䣬һĶ̿㣬ũ˵Ĵӣ
ѧϰãСѧ꼶ʱѧˣȥѧʦҲҶСȥʱϿһҷ꣬൱𣬾ͲȢһˡ
ɣ궼ûмˡҶСҲһ˿ľϲϷ겻æˣ
տţǰش壬˵׼ȥ㣬æҲûϣԺöҵճû˵˷ܡ
ãһȥҶСЦЦ
˺һɱϵˣʱ䣬Ļæġ
˿ȥıӰҶСŸӵŴСȥ
񵱳ﻹкܶͬѧģ񣬲򹤣ѧգʣµûмˡ


318 ѸӨ
Сڴ·мλãҲŹѸļң¥һ¥ĿţǰźͺţǰͨԼԺŵֱͨ·ϣ
ŹѸӨҲʮ꣬ˣڶʮżҺӣӨСͳĺܱ£˳ƯҲ൱Ļʱ˴ѧΪũ˼ȽؾɣΪŮӶҲûʲôãҲûٶ顣
ѧʮ꣬Ρʡò֪ٻûϱ꣬˿ˮ׷״ýǰȥףżҪ̤ˣǶһڻؾˡ
Ϊʱܲãʮʱ䣬ڿ˴ѧΪûǮ޷ԲĴѧΣܻ˭鶼᲻á
Ȼ˵ũ˽ĸ֮ý֮ԣǣӨϾϹѧܹߵȽټӾ󣬸Ͳý˵ĽܣʹĸȰȰ費ˡ
һξһ꣬ʮˣܹһ꣬ý˻޼·ݵʱ׶ﳤһҪܶǮʵ̫ˣûôǮŶ˼˵뷨ڶУѡѩҶ죬ҶС壨ҶСүүҲүүֵܹϵ
ҶΪ˺ˬܸɣҲ𣬶һῪ󳵣ҲܸԣʱӨҲ⣬˼ͬ⣬䲻ȣǣȴʼûзӨܣʲôö͹ȥأӨź˵˻
Ϊθ׵ĲӨ׼޸Ҷ졣
ӨӦ޸ҶʱֺǺǵģǳ˷һ㣬ϵ˶˵ȢӨΪ޲֪Ҷϻ˼ӵ¡
ҶĸǰվϵˣǮһʸӨԪǮҲҽҩѣȻ˵Ļ¾ͶˣȻ󻹸˸С¥һС̣һ󿨳
ȥ˾ͽˣǻ󣬵죬ҶͳˣĦгȥ̵˽̾ʱײˣЧһʮꡣ
ӨǿԸļ޵ģǣΪũϰףŮɷڲøļޣֻһŵ¥ţС̣Ļԡ
ҶĸĸסĵطڴӵߣﻹЩ룬Ϊ˵Եʣ鱯ˣϾͲﴫ˵ҶӨЩģԲŲôͲö֪ˡ
ܶȫȫǴģôǼٵģߡҶСߵӨСʮ״ʱһŮӵݺǰ㽿
ʱСڣӨŹ̨ȫĲܶȫ
ҳ˶̣һ֪ǼٵģŴӣǺôҲͬˣüŪңʲô˼ܶȫ޼ɵĿӨĿ̰֮ɫ
Ҳˣȥﲻӭ㡣Ө˵ǷŭԲܶȫµġ
ߣ㲻Ҹ˵ǲߵġܶȫɢųȵĹâŤͷ⿴˿ûп˹ʹӲ̨˹ȥߵ˹̨ڡ
ܶȫҪʲôӨɫЩţţһֱ˵ұߵǽ
ܶȫͼ֪ģȥʱ͸¶ԼͬĻܶȫʹԼߣȥǣûйҪټ޳ȥ뷨޸Ҷ죬ҲΪƲѣ˵ͲˣοܶȫƷȫ˶֪ǸҸҽԼһˡ
ԼҲ֪ԼҪʲôԴӲϴѧͺûĿ꣬ʧȥ˷ججͬһû˼ʬ⡣
ܶȫûӨĻһ㣬ǰȥ۾Ĺâ˵Ҫʲô˵ڻôᣬбҪΪǸعֻҪңĺģжôڡ˵꣬˹ȥӨһѱ˻У̰Өζ
ſҡܶȫޣſңӨĺеԵúܽᣬϧ֮Уƴ̼˲ܶȫܶȫеĹâʤˣ˫˺Ө·
˻һӨĶͱ˺룬¶ͬ֬һļǳɫ¡
Өһţţǣѵˣ۽һᡣ
аɣʹĽаɣǽƺҲģٺ١ܶȫӨЦµĶӿˣ⿪˵£Ҫ
ʱһʵܶȫǲǲҪ˫ˣ


319 Ͷͱ
ܶȫһһ£׼µ־ֹˣΪϤҶҵĶӣ°ѽȴûкá
ͷһֻһɫò˽ȻҶҵĶҶС硣
㡭ôܶȫϳһ˿ѿЦݣЩЩ֮ɫΪǲģû뵽ȻˣĻСɷǡ
£ܲ𣿡ҶС˵ߵ˹ȥһץסܶȫڣϵſڣƤһ㣬һţݺݵСϣܶȫһƽ˶ݺݵĴ·ϣûȫõȣֱˤˣطҲˡ
ͬ˵ϣֻһ棬һΣ͵һΰɣҶСĿź˵
뿪ѩ壬Ҳ֪һ͵ʲôʱ򡣡
ҶСĻܶȫϽһȱžˣһ˿ݶ֮ɫĵСһʱա
񹦵ҶС翴ɫɢ֪Էôװ֣һһسġ
ĿܶȫȥҶСתӨһ֮ɫĿǽϡ
ʱϵ·Ѿȫ˵ϣҲҪ£ǰйģѩףгźֻ©һ㣬һܹ˵
㷢Ժ󣬶ǰбǡڵסһɽһüǵľ֮ɫĵϧ֮УòΪ㣬ɽһһɶ˵ջʮ㣬Ȼ־ƷģҲ˫ͯǸġ
㲻ҪɣҶС˹ȥʵΪǱңʹ࣬ձҶС绹ǳΪ
ӨҶС粻Ǻ죬˽ʱȥ١ĺټ⣬پûм
ӦϵĿ־廹δʧЩͣҶС֪ղűŵòᡣ
΢΢̾ҶСһǳɫ˿ʶ䣬ҪӨϣһСָӨͬ֬һļϣĸоҶСĺЩ
ûƷζɸоʱӨͬһ㣬˫ֲͣ˴ҶС磬еޡ
ʱ˽ĻΪҶС˼Ҫ顣
Ө˴£ͱ⿪˿ӵµǰͦѩ׻Բ׵ı¶ҶСУŻԲĴɢ޾ջ󣬿ĸ˿ĳ󣬾ͻ̲ס޷ֿ
ҶСֻһ𣬲ǱѹסˣϾԷԼûдӸղŵʹ߳ҶС
С硣ҶС˫ְס˫磬ȵһУ˾
ҶСһ֮£Ө˫Ŀһ˿ã˲䣬һС磿ҶС硣ƺûʶһ˵
׵ѹ֮ʣŷǰ˲ǸֶĵĲܶȫһò꣬вŷ
С磿ЩɻʵΪҶСǴΨһһ߲һıңҶС绹̵ӡģӡУҶСûôߣϵҲûôڣòϿܹϳҶС硣
ǣҾǡҶС˵ͷ
ܶȫأӨЩ΢΢ľ£ҧ˵
ҸղӳȥˣġҶС簲ο
ҶСô˵ӨһбίӨƶӣͣҪһĲȫйʱҶС˫ֻ˼ҵĹ֮ϡ
ǸоҶС˺ʵڣҲ˳֮£ſҶСĻп޵ĺġ
ŮټǿʼջǸŮˣҪģڿʱҪһģΪղҶСټҶСʼɢһɵŮӵϢǡмȵίͽҶС統һſҶСĻʹޡ
ҶСһһѵͶͱ
ʱ˫ۻԭƣһʱ֮Ҳ֪ôźã˿˼ʹʱ򣬲ƿɣԼʱЩܲˡ
ʱӨܸԼǼҶС绹ܸܵǽǻԲļͦ
һɹĵðһ׳ˣ뽫е˶úϧһֻ뷨ǵ׳Ӹסˣֻܸж
΢΢룬ҶС绹ǽڿеֱ۷ķ˻˶ļϡ


320 嶯
һӨͣס˿ȶŴҶСĻ뿪ɽһϷɳĨϼ
Ǹܲ°·ϡʱҶСĵѵ
ҶСĻӨͷһԼţûһƬƬڵǰѩף˵ͦţҶСϰȫ⡣
˲䣬ϵĺδһֱӵ˲ӣѩѹ˪ļϲ˷ۺ֮ɫа
ӨԼ߹ˣûŮ춯صļϣǸϽӵϼԼ£Щɬ˵лл
ȻתһĴòµĿӸղڲܶȫ£ŪˣôҲ۲ס
㡣ҶСʵǿȥˣͳ˵׼һΪֵĺ¡
ϣҶСǰһȻǰıһȥ
Өһ΢΢һ£·ЩԸҶСۣϾֻɷġ
ĵЩôԸ⣬ʵǿ۲ϣοҶСղҲ壬˵ֶҲûٷԡ
ҶСڿۿʱӨԾˡΪۻļҶС粻һҪȥһµĳ嶯
С磬ûУӨЩ΢ֻҪҶСָһ壬΢΢Ĳһ£;úһɵҲüҶСָ֮䡣
ûУǸۣ񻵵ˣ۲סҪҪҸһ£ҶСʵ
ããԵһ£ȥ·ӨϽ˵ɲҶСټȥҶСָƺ̺ĳħһֺܳ嶯ĸо
˫ֱ£ǰʹҶС͹̨֮䲢ôĿ϶ȥҶСеĸϽ˺ܴĿ϶
Ϊ̫ܵˣµıӼϵ䣬ұߵһ㣬תʱǡù˹̨ıϽķ϶ڡ
ӱһʧȥƽ⣬ӨһֱӾϵȥ
ҶСۼֿ죬һͳӨߣ˫־ͽӨסűһ¹ʵķ
û°ɣҶСʵ
ӨûлشҶСһɻ󣬿ȥӨȸղŸӵĺˣЩ΢΢룬ôһ£ҶС
ͻȻԼºܱһ߶˶һ߿ȥһҶС粻Լִʱ˼ǰͦϣĶһ£ʵ̫ˣҲ˵زһ޻һ㡣
Өʮ꣬Ůŵʱ̣ҲŮΪ¶ʱ̣ҶСһַزĪĿУҶСĻֶ˶ʱеǹɸоǿˡ
С磬ſңѾûˡӨߵ˵
ҶСеǴǣ̲סĶ
ûǵʱʱҶСʵ̲סˣοе˶ҲûȻǷˡ
ҶСĵӴӨ룬еҲ𣬲лЩ֮ɫϾũˣ˼뱣أο⡣
ΪҶС׽ҪʱԵʣкܸмҶСӰӣҲҶСɢرԵʵԭû岻ԽתҶСĲӣҶСĻĦš
ҶС̲סˣһ˿ĺ⣬Ө𣬴ӹ̨һС˽ȥǿҶСֱӽӨѹ˿ɳϡ
ҪҪӨк˵ķӦȴŤֻϸԲĸ첲ǽıסҶС硣
˵ӨͲҶС緢飬ǣԼȴƲסԼ塣
ҪǷǰҶС϶ǿģʱЩԾź⣬еаʤѤ֮ɫԷԵļתż֮Χռɢ֮
ϵ·ȫȥ֮ҶСһͦܵһˣµ˶Ҳʹؽһ
Ѿʧ˵ҶС΢Ĳһ£еĺ⽥ɢȥ¶֮ɫһĻʱ֪Լʲô¡
вԼղôôĳ嶯ô죬ô죿
Ӿˣ
ʱе˶˶˿ҶСһҧȻѾˣȥ뷨Ķ
һ󣬿Ŀд˴صĴϢŮ˵Ľ


321 Ө̬
ܿ沼õĺܾ£䡢ӵȵӦоС
ʱӨûʲô飬ĬĬش·ҶСߣ壬Ŀ׻ɫɳŵĶ÷
֮û뵽Ǵ֮ôأѾˣôܻŴ֮ûеҶСе
Ȼǲܵģʵͷǰɲš
ҶС·ϣӾʹˣʱӨûа·ãҶСԣЩ֮ɫ˵Բ𡣡
嶯һʱ󣬵ҪԵʱˡ
ҶСĻӨתͷҶСһۣû˵һ仰̵Ĵ·
ҶСĪķŮӦ˵Ҳ㣬²͸е뷨֪Ҫô˸еѹ֡
ʮˣһ·ûдϣĿЩ΢΢Ĵ֪ͣʲôҶСܲˣ˫ַӨļϣŤ壬ӨԼ
Բ֪ҵĲԣܲܲҪô˵һ仰òãҶС翴۾˵
һ۾ڻָʣǸ֮ɫĿҶС磬˵Ȼȥɣһ˾һ
ҶС綢һ˵ͷ˵ЩʲôǣҲ֪˵Щʲôãһ̼䣬ԵЩ԰
ðɣҶС˵һ䣬ſļԥһ£Ȼ˳ȥ
Ө飬ҶСȫģϾͻأ֮һСһֵ˷ֹϵĸŮˣжܣο˼һһ˵Ůˡ
ҶС˳ȥӨ㶣оͻȻյģΨһһȥһ㣬į
·Өдһ˿˵ϣ֮ɫߵǸСУһҲûУʧ֮ɫȻĿͶ̨ʱ΢΢һ¡
ֻ̨ϷһŰֽ˹ȥֽдһ֣Ժ󲻹ʲô£ңһΪ쵽ģΣûǮǷţѾǷծˣҲںǮ
ֽ½дһֻ룬֪ҶСġ
ĸһ°ֽȻ۵װ˿ڴ·뵽ʲôһ㣬ϸֳĨΣһ˿Ц⣬ЦҲֻһţȻ˵һĻ׶Բ
ΣҶСߵ·սǴиӵĿһۣӨСȻȥ
û뵽ֻȥСΣͷ飬ͷ֮ҶСұ֤ǰһᷢ£Ҳ֪ⲿǸǻȻѾˣҪһֱȥ򻹲֪ʲô½ͷϡ
ڣҶСӨ֮ʣܶȫصԼļҲ޽С¥ɫĴשɫߣɡ
ȫôŪӣջصһϵѴɳվʵ
ܶȫӹϴѣһû뿪ȫסԺȶǲܶȫš
ô£ǸȥСŹѸ֪ҶǸҲˣģǸС˵ҾĲܶȫɫ࣬˫Ŀж˻
ȫQ˶ˣֻҪұˣɣ
ˣ㻹û˵ǸǸʲôأܴùҶҵǸӲܣܶȫЩĵʵ
ұǱ߻ģڵϺֻҪ㽫аصǮһ˵һˣǸСëѵܴùһ˲ɣĵ˵
Ǹʲôʱܶȫʵ
죬ҶСһ뿪ѩ壬ٻ˵Щȥϵһ£ðܶȫ⣬ܶȫ˼ͻеŭͿ־壬׼Щ˺󣬺øҶСһ̵Ľѵ֪ѩ壬ܶȫʼնϴ󣬾ܸѾٴˣǣҪ¸Ĵ˵
Ǹ˵ùһӣ˵ȸһǮϾҪһµЩСܡЩΪ˵
㲻ƭҵİɣһɻɶ˰ɣɲҪͱһҡܶȫȻ嶯һ㣬ɵӣ飬Ǻܾġ
㶼˵ˣһɻˣѵˣο˰ǼǻұܰæģҪȻҪ¹ǮϵǾˡ
ã㣬Ҫܾ󣬲ܶȫһҧڴӦ
˵ֻҪǮһʱ䣬ұǾ˵
ҾȥȡǮ㣬ܻȥܶȫ˵Ǻݶ֮ɫ


322 ëȻĽ
С磬ôڲŻҶС߽ԺУЩɻʵǼҾСҲԶһҲʮӵʱ䣬ǣҶСȥһСʱ
ٹһҶС绹ǲĻ׼ȥˣҶСǲǳʲôˡ
ҸղˣһᡣҶС罫еεݸĸ˵
磬ղȥСôȥʱС鷳˳С϶ܹһƿ
Ҷմ˳ҶСһͷۣ벻ףҶѾҪϳˣôôˡ
ף磬ôζ˵ҶС绳еС鷳ɰСӿҶСʵ
ôأһŪˡҶСЦЦ˵ƽӣֻǵĿҶСһۣȻּ
ԣûŪϵζζҾȥǱ棬һʴġС鷳ͷҶС绳УٴᣬգŴ۾˵
ҶС綼ԼˣѾͷ֪֪Ҫ˵һǵ棬һɫûУҶС
С鷳һ仰ҶС缸ײǽϡ
磬ģһΪ㱣ܵģһȥߴ裬ϵζС鷳֤
գʲôܸߴģʱЦ˵
裬ԭҲԺҶתһڳУСһ˵ȻŤͷЩ˼˵磬ԲҲ֪軹Ժ
ҶСǿЦãѾͷⲻǽ𣬵㵱˵Ļ˵豾ûʲô뷨ھôһ˵ܲе㻳
˵Ķϵζǲǿ¼ζղŸȥˣ¼ҶСԴ˵
ҶС⻰ȻǶС鷳˵ģʵǶĸ˵ġ
ҶСС鷳ͲţҲû˵ʣҶСҶСеĹ£Ѿ˵Ҷն綼ȻԼȥǣȥˣԸ
ҶСС鷳ľֻ֮øһЩ£붼ѧУеȤ£󣬵ҶСĹ½ʵǷĲˣͿʵգһĿαԤϰûУҪҪ㲹
⻰С鷳ԴɲһٵʱѧϰҶСĸҪΣĸһͬġ
Ҷû˵ҶСЦЦҵѾͷˣС鷳ԴҶС˵ģֻҪú粻ǿѧϰġ
С鷳ѧϰҶСҲģҶѧҲͦõģοԿȫڶҶĻƻУҶȥģһ뵽ûչˣû˹̣ܽҶձ仵ˣ˲ŷ㡣
ҮҾ֪ˡҶСĻҶողŻһƲ֣ٵӣʱԾҶСõڡ
ҪˡҶС˵ͬʱҶհɳϣʱҶͣСȻҶС֡
գôˣǲǸðˣҶСĵʵ
С鷳̬Ť󣬵˵磬֡
ҶСͷһԼ˼С鷳СͷϣҶǰ΢΢͹ҶСϽջ֣̾һС鷳Ѿˡ
С鷳͸ɳɬĿҶС˵磬û
˵꣬˫˳ȥҶСһЦ
⺢ӣôʹҴ˳ȥѾˣ֪⺢Ҫȥˡʱ˽˵
ʱѾʮˣѷѾˣҶĿһֻǻԷһҶĿֵɾʹӵġ
ΪҶС޽ҶĻ򸾰æ˶ҶСԷҶղ٣Щ֣ƽʱÿλܼҶղҶС磬ȴ漣ûвҶС硣
С磬ȥˣʵ
ղ˳ȥ֪Ǹʲôȥˣ⺢ӶҪԷ˻ܡ˵۰
Ļ䣬ͼҶպ˽ŤŤ󡢺ɬӣҿҶСһۡ
ףգôˣҶĻʵ
ʱҶյͨˣͷһ˶ĿͶҶС硣
ҶСЦЦ˵ճˣղš
˵ҶС˵žͱҶմ˻ҶպСҶС˵
ӣһ˶ЦЦǶʲô
һʱܿľ͹ȥˣһҶֻҪһҶС죬ҲûľҶСֻһ졣
ءҹʱ֣һëȻӡ


323 ֲ
ڳ˯еҶС磬Ȼ˫Ŀһ߳貹âųɲǼһԻһɫʡ
ţôһ£ҶС罣üһӴûзʲô
ѵǸΣҶСôأԼһ֮ôղȷʵһĽǵ񹷷ģֲ⡣
Ŀô£ղź˹Ľǲǳʲôˣ
ҲˣҶĿЩȵʵ
ˣҸղŻΪأɷҲ˵ǵ΢΢һȴһ˿Ĳ
ԼĸĻҶСüͷôҲΪղΣ˼һͻȻ䣬Ժһ˿⣬ǵֱǵľУʱ䣬ǡ˯ߵʱ˲Żεָо
ʱҶСоˣǿеĵˣ϶ҶĿȥˣҶСϽ·žͿҶĿڿš
֣ҪȥҶСʵ
㻹˯Ͻȥ˯ɣֳȥҶĿתҶСվڷſ˵
ҶĿҪȥҶСʲô£˹ȥһǸһȥɣܸоЩ̤ʵǸһȥиӦ
룬ҶС˵Ҳԣһ˵ĻȷЩ£ҶĿ˵ͷհŴ򿪣תͷĿҶСЩԥĵһһиʲô£ܣûУ
֣ˣܸʲô£ȫ˶ˡҶСЦһ£ȥ
ҲǣǺǣֵĵģСһΪáҶĿı飬һЦֵͲȥ
֨ѽһҶĿ򸾷Ŵ򿪣˳ҶСҲȥĵ˵ǸȥСĵ㡣
֪ˣ裬ȥ˯ɣҶСЦӦһȻ˳ȥ
ʢģĻǹ㣬ʰԲ״ƺк£ҹǣ滹ܿģȻĲǺ
ſڸߴĻͶº㿵ӰӣҹιҶ죬ǷЩ˵϶˼ƤҶĿһǰߣһ߻ͷһ£Ǿʲôš
ʱˣҿҪҪȻЩӡ
׵ľٶҶСһЦǵСʱҹ·ʱҲǸӣû񹦵Ļƴʱ׵ӡ
ͻȻ䣬˵ǰһӰƾһ˿Ŀ־壬ǸӰˣڶˡ
㡭˭ҶĿЩƽʱĻȻӣ»ֱ߹ȥǸղűǵҵĽ̼оЩ⣬ȻȻЩ¡
壬ҲˡʱҶС˵ҹҶСͰûʲô쾳磬ҲͿҹˡ
ҶĿһ㶣ЩΣ֪ǰǵӰԼĶܡ
С磿磿ҶĻЩ̽˵
Ļ㣬ղŻһҶĿ˵˹ȥ
ղҲһҶĻ˵ҶСؿ˲ͷϵ亹
ղҲǸҶĿʵֵͲΧյλεģ·һâͿĵĿ־塣
ţˣ֣֪Ǵĸġ
ʱ򣬴濴ＸҼһĵƶţе˶˸ղǵҵĽ
ʱܶ˶˳һ̸¡
壬ղҲǵ˰ɣ̫ˡһ䡢ԼʮĴһ˵űѡ
ȻˣһǵǴɽġܿ˵
⻰ô˵Χ˶Χ˹ͬҶСҶĿֵҲ˹˹ȥš
ǰǴĴҽҶҽͼɽҩ󣬼춼ûгţǱɵˣ˵ɽ˹ܿ忴˿ѹ˵
˵жһɺ⡣
ʱǡãһ紵˹Ҷ춯ɢŹɣʮ˴ҲҴһڡ
һûзʲô£ڶͬһǺЦ
ߣȥôأ¸ʲôʱһرĴ˵ʮ꣬ʱһȥɽҩʱһҰζʮ㡣
һǲȥˣչ鲻ȫҿȥɣһ˵
Ļ˵꣬кü˶׷Ȱ˵ҪȥҲʣûб̬ƻԥС
黹ǲ֮ɢˣص˯ղǸһ£½û˯ˡ


324 ¼
ں˯ҶС磬ͻȻ˹о˴˷ţĽŲ֪С鷳
ԼŮӼұĵطһ춼Ǻ϶ûкԼ˵С鷳ҶСּ˯
Ϻʹ˷ֿ󣬸˾ͻص˼ңһҶС絹ͷ˯ûбǸסȫҲֻһ˯ˡ
û˯ţ;쵽Լıӱ˽ҿˣһСıңĻУҶСһۣҶգֻת泯ҶС硣
ôˣû˵ãҶС翴ҶЩ˫ۣһήҵӣһɰСʵ
ţǸŵһû˯ţֻҪһ˯¾ͻجΣ磬ô˯ţҶ뵽ղ˯ĺЩɻʵ
첻£ҹ¹ţʲôµģú˯ɣҶСҶյСԴ˵
ҶСĻҶյ˵ͷͷҶС绳У˫Ŀ˯ҶС绳каȫаɣҶղһ˯ˣ΢
С鷳µСüĽëǸշ壬ҶСǳ谮ĹâСѾͷ˰ҶС
ʱҶСüͷ壬ĸƺͶʲô
ȥֻ˵㣬˵ûУͷŵʮֻһҹȫˣĪǼҵĹʧˡ
ĪЩɻʵ
ǺĪ˵Щȫûһ˿İ̺ۣͺ˲˲һȫˣЩʬ嶼һƣ뵽ЩɭûšɵЩ΢΢ľ¡
ôһ˵ҵҲЩɭ˵
˵ǲǸֲĶģ
пܣö˶ô˵ġ˵
˵ĶԻڴϵҶС΢΢üͷô£ѵϵǸĶɵĲɣֻǲ֪ǵʲôĽҶС
еȥ£ȤһڼеķŻȥ뷨ҶС׼뿪ֻڻлС鷳
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С磬ô춼ˣΪ泯ŵķҶСճͿˣǿʵ
˯ȻˡҶСǺһЦ˵
أղǽȥ𣿡ҶûиҶС磬ʵ
˯ˣϱŵòᡣҶСЦһ˵
Ŷɵ˵ͷǹĿҶСһۣ·ҶСǸһ㣬̲סʵѵ˯ˣ
ǰϳȥһˣ˯ˣѵǶû˯ţҶСɻʵ
ɺͬ˵ͷ˯žͺãǺǡ۰ĿҶС硣
㾹Ȼ˯ţҸЩĽ˵лһ˿ľȡ
⻰ٿԼĸ׺Ͷ۾жЩ˿֪һ϶û˯ĲҽԴ˵Ӱ첻СҶС
裬ҳȥߡҶСЦЦ˵ȥ
ȥСĵ㡣
֪ˣ衣ҶСѾߵ˴ſڣմȥ˾߳˴תһ䡣
·ǶģҶСҳԼһ׵ľܵ·ϣȻǰʮ׾ӨС
Сʱǹŵģ΢΢̾һкܸӣһСȻͼǰȥҲȥ
ҶСǴӵĶͷŵڴӵͷϱһУһס˲Ҳֻʮ˼ңٶжʮ໧
ʮӵʱ䣬ҶСŵңʱǼҵԺΧˣһΧԺм۷׷ף֪ٿʲô
ҶС˽ȥʹ˴кֻԺʮֻڳһߣÿһֻֻצһ𣬹Ȼͬ˵еļƶһģһ֣ҶС
ŵʮ꣬׼ȥ򹤣˵׬ǮǱԺ޽һǧֻļᣬ˼һˣһͺݺݵ׬һʣ·ݣսļֻʣʮֻרΪµġ
ɲ֪ʲôģȻô죬Լרɱ֪Щôġһ˵
ЩֲʵţȻƶһ
ҶСһΧۣһϸ۲Щ


325 Һ
Ȼ䣬ҶСĿһѤĹâһţô
Щľȫʧˣʧ󣬾ɢʧǾͺǱʲôĳȡ˳
л꣬Ҳһľʶʶһ̼䣬ľЯʶͻɢһѧҽһ֮˷ھȷʴﵽСλĳϳǸһ˲䣬ӵ˼ˣһӱ֤һĴڡ
ͨ˲֪ʲô֪ǾǾ
ǰʮֻ֮ͥڣ΢ľҪȻͲκεľֻ˵һ㣬ڵľǱĳֶˣͬʶȡˣЩŻͬơ
ʵ̫ˣʲôἳȡأУǣ˽ǸСףܶණ֪
ûһʱһһޱ顢ӵʵǶĿͷŵ
ŵֱ࣬Բһ֪ʻŵ¶һ˿ɫĬһŻ˵ǵҵĽǴǼҴſڷġ
ΧһȻ
Ǽſ𣿡һɻʵ
ŵһ˵ͷȻ˵һ𾪵ĻҼɱЩ֡
˵⻰ŵ嶼Щ΢΢ĲϱŵòᣬʱһĲҰףǵز
ʲô㿴ɱ֣˵˵ʲôǶΧ˹ŵΧм䡣
ʵҲûпʲôǸǴ壬˷ҵţҪܶ࣬ȫǺʲôӣȴǸ͵Ĵ۾Ǹ۾õĿơŵſ־һʱĳ
ŵ˶һôܳôֲĶأֻ˶۾ĹǴûм
ѵɽϵʲôҰ޲ɣһλ˵
ǣҿ˳ɶпܣЩǶûϹɽҲ֪ɽڶЩҰޣǵõ꣬Һʹˣǹɽ϶Ǻߵģûһ۵Ұ޸ҿû뵽ȻײеҰޣһҪǼȥһһʮꡢֺɫ¡пĴ˵
ҶҶĺúΪ˺ˬ󷽣ڴԵãڳ򹤣Ϊ̫ȵԵʱˣ׼ĩʱٳȥ
ãʱҲȥɽѵǳϻɣһЩĴ˵䲻󣬹Ҳֻжʮ˾ꡣ
ë㣿㻹ûɽŵˡҶЦ˵
Χ˶ЦëɫǺ졣
ΪΪҰ޵νеĿ־˼֣һЦԵúܻ죬ڳˣֻҶСһûЦɽϵҰܼȡģܼȡĶҰ޵ķ룬һˡ
ҶС߽ŵҵļڣ˿ûзʲôҵżëԴʧ˳ȥ뿴Ƿʲôʲôû¡
߳ʱͻȻּſڵǽϺ͵öͭǮһСĺɫ߿飬ϸĻͻᷢǺɫرճҺ壬Ϊһǽں͵氼ȥˣԲûϳǺɫҺ塣
ôѵǸģǸճ״Һ壬ҶС
˿ΧֲԶһóѿı̲ݣҶСһУһƬָҶͳС
ףⲻҶҵĶʲôʱһҶС˵Ȼ˹ǲҲסһУʮꡣ
ʲôҲ˵ϵĺɫճҺ壬壬֣׼뿴ǵʲô
𶯣ǶҺҶСϽֹĸɫҺиܵһааܻһС
ҶСĺȽУϽջ֣˵ĻΧĴǶΧ˹ŵҲ˹
С磬ǶҺЩŵָŵϵǸҺʵ
ǰɣԹ֪ҶС˵ͷ˵ȻƬҶǺɫҺ壬˶ĿתĿҶСĶЩˣЩмΪҶСڹŪ飬Ȼܶ˶ҶСһǷʲôϾҶСǸ߲
ֻҶСհҶƬɫҺϣ̵ҶƬ˲Ϳή˿ݻɫҶСϽ֡


326 ʧ
ҶƬı仯˲ɫһһղ׼ȥɫճҺĲݺݵһҺǾ£ղҿҶСѣҪȻ֪ô
ʱ糿紵ƬݻƵҶӣһӾɢ˿ˣ˳һĻÿɫ˱䣬ղŻһмĴʱɫüΪѿ
⵽ʲôôôĿֲҶ˵ĵһ򶼺ܴģǿֶҲ
Χߵд񶼲ĿͶҶС磬ղҶС˵ǶҺģοҶСǴĸ߲û׼֪ʲô
Ҳ֪ʲôղҿϱʴһ˵ǶҺģ֪ҽûڣҽһ֪ʲôġܵΧ˵Ŀ⣬ҶС˵
Զԣҽһ֪ʲôҴ绰һ¡ë˫ĿȻӿڴóֻߵһ߾͸Ҷҽ绰
ǻǱˣһҪ˭СǸ롣ʱŵѵǸɫҺ¡
ҲǣϽԶǸ¡һ˵Ȼ˿ˣΧȫߵԺм䣬ڷżĵطſʣҶСһˡ
С磬㻹Сһ㣬ˡҶС绹ڵϿǸɫҺѵղſǶҶС磬ҪȻ֪ᷢʲôµ顣
֪塣ҶС˵Ȼվ˹ȥ
壬㱨ûУҶСŵ˵
ôһ˼Ҳܵġŵҡҡͷ˵
ҶС΢΢̾һũ˵ķʶûγɣ˵ѾˣʮֻҪ´ˣִˣҿȱɣ
ҪҿɲÿǸŵ˯žһλ˫޳ɱĻܶ˶׷Ҫ󱨰þ£Ͼ¸˴˿ֻš
ѣǸ޵ܲϵɳϽ绰һҪֳʹˡܿ˵űѵĹϵܺãߵҲ׽
õģҴ绰ʡű˵ȻߵԺӵǽǴ˸绰ȥ
˵Ǽҵļȫǲ£ʱһźɫסԼʮ˽ѩĴ峤ǣҶТȡ
峤ˣҼʣµЩµļȫˣŵָָϵЩ˵
ҿҶТ˹ΧĴóһ·϶һƵļüͷ壬ͻȻ䣬뵽ʲôһ㣬ɫһ䣬Ұޱȡ
峤ôˣǲ֪һЩʲô
ǰ峤ô£˵˵ҶТȵɫúѿΧĴһĿͶҶТϣôһ£ҶСҲĿͶ˹ȥҲʲôȻܽЩľȫߡ
²˵ģҲ֪ǲǺǼЩϵҶȵЩ֮ɫŤͷҶ˵үүֻүүܶ϶ǲǼ£ҪǼ£鷳ˡ
õģ峤һֺɫҶ˵ȻͿ첽˳ȥӴ峤Ļóԡ
ҶܳȥҶТĿЩɫĵԸǼ顣
峤㵹˵˵׳ʲôˣŵЩ˵ܲ˼һ˭֪ʲô
ʵҲǺǴֻ֪Ǽ£һǴҸ׿е֪ģ˵ڿսʱڣҲһҽڶ죬ܶĪˣҴĹȫʧˡҶТĿԶĳֻС
ĲйǼҵĹأʱűʵ
ǱߡŵָŴſߵһ˵˵꣬һȵ˵˻
˿ȥֻյģﻹйӰӣһͷ˩ʯϣһͷտҲ
⡭⡭ʱֻע⵽˼͸ûע⵽Ҳ֪ʲôʱܵġŵһǵ˵
˵Ҽǵҳŵʱ򣬺ҲûмǼҵĹܿüͷ壬ȻĿͶ˴峤峤⵽ôһ£
ûв´ĻǴĹȫʧˣ˵ֻҪɽĴĹҲʧҶТȵĿܸӡ
£ɽйأܿǸΪһ˾֪ôһˣǴֻǼ¡


327 ɽй
˻׼ҪȥʱſһŲ˿ȥֻһ۾ɫ걳ŷƤ˽
ǴΨһҽҶҽ棬ʮ꣬Щɫ΢΢Щ԰ףܴܿĴģʹＸɽʱŵˡ
ҽ棬ˣȿЩôģҶҽ˽ŵָŵϵЩ˵
Ҷҽ˹ɫܲǿ¶ЦݸΧ˴кӷƤóֻ͸ͷ״޳˫ϣϸĿһֻȥüͷ
ҽ棿ЩôģһλȵЩͷˣʵ
ҶҽѼźãȻվҡҡͷôģҸղҲûʲôˣʦ̫ˣֱӱʲôƻ񾭶
⻰ǲЩ΢΢ʧҶҽ涼ЩôģǸӿˡ
ëղŲ˵ʲôҺҪȥǶҶҽ濴ëʵ
ëָżſ˵Ȼ˹ȥָָϵĺɫҺ壬
Ҷҽ˹ȥ˿ӷƤóһŴ󾵣ѧҶСӴӲԶһƬϸĲҶһ÷Ŵ󾵿ţһȥɫҺ壬˲䣬Ҷͱ˻ɫһǿݻƵҶƬͱ˻ҳĲˡ
룬ƤóһӣմһɫҺ壬Ӳûʲô仯Ťͷ˵ëҴԺ׽һЩϻԽԽá
˵꣬ȻĿͶŵ磬һЩˮòʢš
áŵһڴӦȻ󣬼ڡ
һŵ˹һӣǷֶˮٺëҲ˹ƽգϲ١
ùӣմеһɫҺܽ˽ȥҡҡȻë˵Щ϶ڵϡ
õġë˵ͷһɣʮֻСϣ΢΢һЩСȫ˵ϡ
ÿһ㡣Ҷҽ˵ɢһ󣬽ˮЩϣûйӵʱ䣬ЩһҵŤֹͣ˶ˡ
ô£һʵѵǸɫҺж
˿ϵϣҶҽ˵磬Щٰ¡˵žͰеĲŵ
ǸɫҺȷжһǼΪľ綾о綾ǿҵĸʴԣỹҪҹĳҰ޿еķҺҶҽ˵
ҽ棬ʶ㣬֪֪ôҰ޿еķҺűеĿ˿ǺɫҺʵ
֪ûмҲû˵ҰޣǻǱɣ鲻ǿԴ˵ġҶҽ˵
ѾˣղѾ޵ܰ˵ˣ˵ϾƶʮӾ͵ˡű˵
ҽ棬ɽʲôô󣬶ҳˡܿЩʵ
˵ҿ˹ŲҶҽһӿ˵
һ㶣úܲ˼飬Ҫ֪ҶҽǴŹģջҹ͸ҳڴ䣬ھȻ˵ĻǴӱ˵ģŵûмˣǴҶҽ˵ģЧܲͬ
죬㵽׿ʲôܿʵ
ǿһɫӰӣǸӰûʮеʱͽһֻϵԱɱˣֻԱǵǰëƤʧˣȻҲʧˣҲʧֻʣһͷܣҿʱܵĿ죬ҪȻǶزˡҶҽЩ֮ɫ
ҶҽĻҶСһ㶣֪Ϊǰ³ͺѩ˪սǸʱǸһѪɫӰӣԼ޵ȫѪȫֻʣһ߸ʬ뵽ͥУԼˡ
ҲһԼΪٵĴǡ
ѵǹɣܿ˵
ǲǹҲֻ֪֪ǲһĶͺһ޿ײӰӡ˵Ҷҽɫһ֡
峤Ұүүˡʱһſڴ˹
ǣһɫҶһ׷ԲԵ˹ҶãǴˣѾ85ˣȻӣӹǺӲʣºȵ˵ʱ򣬻µظɻ
壬ˣ鷳ˡ峤ҶТȸϽ˹ȥס˵һֻ첲ɫ˵
ңһûϣԼߡ˵ĿǣԾ˿˿Ĺâ
壬㿴Щ״Ϳսʱڷһʱ˵ļһ˹˺ҶТָŵϵļʵ
˿ϵļʱǾ֮ɫ𣬲㵹˵ϣҿҶš


328 ͷȮ
׷ԲԵָŵϰڷŵļֲֹֻ촽Ҳ¶һҲ˵
壬ôˣ˵ӣ峤Ͻס˼ҵһֻ첲ס塣
壬û°ɣ峤Ͻȥŵĵ˵
ʱܶ˶Χ˹ĵˣ˵Ĵӵ£ƺƵ߽ŵļҲҿĿ㹻ҪȻݲʮˡ
ŵĿɳǻʽģ˸ˣˣЩ˸СţеΧߣ˵ȻɳˣҶСбСˣǽһԲĿʱעˡ
ȥŵһ裬ÿ˵һ
壬Ȳ裬ʲô˵ŵ˫ֶȭͷһСİ״ɲ豭˹ȥ˵
˽ӹ豭˫ֵڻЩĲˮҪˣķߺһڣȻ󽫲豭ݸߵҶ
壬ǲǰǴ廹£˵ȶ˺󣬴峤ҶТʵ
ǰǰȷؼǵһ¾գϺһ˶ǸµĽڶļȫˣ֪ʲô£˶ֻܿţҲûô£ΪʱҲֵЩĹɨʱǾסҶǰ淿Ҳͷλá˵˵Щŭ˵걻Ӳк˲١
ﶼǹڣʲôˣǵš˵һĨϲɫ
ڶҹҲǸʱӱˣɽҿǹûôںɽǿǹŭɽϵĹޣİȥǰ·ʱܶĺɫӰӴɽϳǸޣЩһҽвֹǸ޵˹ӵĶУſھͽЩһһڵĳԵˡ˵ţ˵۾ЩЩ¡
һιȫù޸ˣǴʮ˶ˣԵ޹ʵˣʱ˵ǹ޵ıɱ˹ûТŭǴԶĴ˺ܶļţϷ˹ǸطʱȥһЩȫˣڵѪҺҲûˣ˵ļǶֵ˸ҸˣԺ϶һЩ󣬵ڶ󣬶ӳֹ޵Ľʧһֱ˾ʱ䡣
˵ţ˺ǾÿЩɣӽù豭һڣȻ˵ͷΪ˼ɱձ˶ģ󣬹ûٳ֣Ҳ͵ˡ
ԺļӺ͵ǴЩһԿ϶ˣһҪһЩҪȻһµġ˿ĶŴ峤˵
壬Ҹȥʱ򣬸һ˵ֻ޵ӣͼϣֻﳤǹԴƬߵβͣǲӣҶТЩ־ʵ
ԣӡ˲˵
峤ҶС粻һޣͷȮǹϣ񻰹еĹޣΪ̷֮Ůֶ͵ǿصŵĹޣӵ߳Ҳ˴ȥ
ѵֹ޲ɣûеĻүүô֪Ǹﳤӵģܲϣ񻰹±ģͲܣүүʶʱȫ˶֪ģҶС
ТȣһҪǸзŻŵļҪȻĻ¡˵·һӱ˺ܶ࣬ΡΡĹâ
壬ģ֪ôҶТȸϽ˵Ǽᶨعâ
ڸղ˵Ļ³˴峤Ҷҽ⣬ûһţϾҶôܹˣŵ´ҶôţϾЩ
ʱһڵ˶˳͸ӿȥ˽Ҷ˼⣬е˶˳ȥ
˵˵ļһԼʮ߰ľָŵϵļűʵűѵ޵ܣ
ǵģЩмſڵĺɫҺ壬Ǿ綾СһҪ²ű˵
õģһġСľڴӦ
ʲôûУСһһʵ
峤ǰȥղ˼˵Ļ˵һ飬˵ԼɽϵĹΪ
Щ춼Ϲѧģ̶ܽȺܸߣϣ񻰹ȻϤЦЦ
ǾһЩһ£᲻鷢ľ˵ǽ峤Цѡ
ʱһ˸׽ЩɫҺȫռһֱװ͸С
ˣȻȥоһԭԺڴ¡꾯˵
ȻִҴ뿪ˡ


329 ѪɫӰ
Щ̬ȣҶС֪ǲӶѣϾ﷢ʵ̫Сˡ
űĽǸҲڸűӣڲ鰸ͲܣѵҪȥɽԲ鿴һɣ
Ҵȥ󣬴峤ҶТ¶һ˿ʧɫҲûָܰʲôæϾ̫ˣսʱڵ£ʵ֪ʹһЩܵĵм¼ѩ巢£ǣʱѾȥʮ꣬Щﻹܱ浽ڣû֤ݡ
ЩھҲΪͲʲô¼
ѾûʲôˣҶС˳ȥ
ڴӵͷҶСŵ߳ʮ׵ľ룬Ȼߣһļ˵С·Լ׵ľ룬ϱ߹գͿһ
Χǽģǣʮķ紵ܣѾˣһѣûʲôã˭Ϊķ޶ʡ
СڳӲݣ˸õҶСո˵˽ȥһֱ߽˰СС
ҵķש顢߿黹񣬳⣬پһǽϵĿͼˣΪԶЩͼѾȫˣЩǰرƤСשͷġ
ȻʱѾĿȫǣ仹ܿǸͼεӰͼǸ޵ӣΪײУȷЩ񹷵ӰӣƬƬЩ𵽻ĵͼƬͼֻܿЩľͿˡ
ǵСʱͼǰ滹һЩľģѾʧˣǱȥˡ
˿ûзʲôҶСЩʧҲǣѾʮˣܻʲô˵ĸʱŻķ˵ġ
ʧ飬ҶС˳ȥտҪӵǽ߳СʱȻתֻһѪɫӰһţ֪䵽
ҶСפ˫Ŀ貵ĹâīһĹâתţͬʱʶɢ鿴ΧһС
ͻȻ䣬ͬһŲʹâҶС˫Ŀб˳ǰĿռ䶼Щ΢΢ĵһһӹΧӲҡһ£ҶСӰʧˡ
ͻȻ䣬¶ˣϹҳһ˿ЦһҶƬһƤСѪɫţ˵ҵҪҪصʲôʱ򣿡
ϣһĳֲľǰӲһӴ˷ĩƹСѪչһűֽƬһѪɫֽţҶСһƴƴ˿մиоʲôĵط
Ѫɫֽţ΢΢һͱһѪɫӰĽצľҶС˹
ҶСһһ죬˲һѤĹâʵԵУӶ𣬺ݺݵؿ˹ȥ
̡ƺǸܵҶСһΣգѪɫӰϽҶСٶȣܹĹһЩ壬һӰͱ롣
֨֨֨ѪɫӰһʹļнȻͱҶСеĹâڡ
һеĹâڣͬʱǿľһѪɫΪͥУɢɫâˣʱҶС綼оԼΪһ˺ܶ࣬һʡ˽ʮʱ䡣
˿ΧûзôɫӰӣҶСЩ΢΢ʧҪڶɫӰӵĻΪǰٶȣܶࡣ
ǣʧˣ˸ղһֻѪɫӰ⣬СʲôҲûˡ
ҶСŵʧȥҲ֪ԼʲôʱͻƵһ㣬
Сص·ϵʱҶС翴ӨСУǿŵģͣס壬һ˿ԥҧҧȻӲͷƤ˽ȥ
ķڲûˣķͿ֮Űţ߽ͨĻ֪ΪҶСߣ߹ȥһ˿
˽ȥһӨؾصɳϿ飬ܻЩ룬ҶС绹ǿڿҵһ鼮ҶСĬĬؼ
ҶСҪߵʱŷҶСˣ飬ĿͶҶС磬˼ǣʲô£
⼸죬Ǵ岻̫ƽСһ㣬ϲʲôҪţʲô£һҪҴ绰ҶС˵
Ө˵ͷ
˯һɣ㿴۾ЩסҶС׼ȥ˼ҵȥ˻ˡ
˵꣬ҶС˳ȥ
ҶС˳ȥӨһֹӣ۾¶˸ӵɫ


330 
С磬ղǲȥͷˣҶСһصԺڰæɻͷʵ
ҵ˻ͦģȷʵʮֻ˵ģǺǣ֪𣿡ҶСʵֱйǸ飬ǴӲ˽һ£˵Ŀֻš
ͷ˵ǿսʱΪ˼ɽ˹ӵĹ޽ɵģôģǾͲ֪ˡɳ˼һ˵
ôʲôһɻı顣
ղǴүү˵ǸֻˣļȫǱǸɱģҲ֪滹Ǽ١ҶС˵
ЦһҲţֹ޲ƾģôѧ˵ӵĹޣǲɽһЩҰ޶ѣҵӵʱ򣬾;˵ҪǶæŸɻǮ˭пչЩ飬һ˭ȥޣǸʱ仹Լķ
ɵĻҶС΢΢üͷһʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ǽ٣ǸǵͷȮĹﵽ״ڲڡ
ӦûڰɣҪȻүүô˵б۵ģοĸӳ̶ȳ󣬸ղһɱһѪɫӰӣǵѪɫӰӦþҽ˵ĹӰҶС
ҪˣЩûУѧҪϸˣӦúúøϰһ£ȡһƴѧЩûʲô˵ãֻϵĽЩˣҿ붼ɽϵҰ޸ɵģˣҸղо춯ǲǸղоˣʵ
ղűѸ޵ǿһ£Ҳӣûе¡
С飬ЩܡЦ˵
ע⣬ע⣬ȷǴȫشҪÿ޳һֻ򣬻һֻʮֻûеĿǮش˹棬ϣĵǰѶǮҼңѾ·˸ʾ
ʱ򣬴Ĺ㲥仰һֱظ顣
ô峤ҲĻ˭Ա˳Ż޳Щ˵
ǲүү˵ǸҪˣҶСȻ߽˷䡣
صԼķ󣬿С鷳һͷ˯ú㣬ҶСЦЦȻ˳ȥſڣóֻ˷ᰵĵ绰롣
ϡ棬ѵøҴһε绰ǲʲô£ҪҰæᰵоȻЩԹ
ҶСЩ˼ЦЦòһֱûиᰴ绰ʹ򣬿²Ŵ
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ҵ绰Ǳʲô£ӲѾȫ𣿡ҶСЩʵ
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㻹¶ˡҶСЦЦ˵
쵰ߵﶼðᰴ𣬡Ӧ̫ɣ˵˵ʲôӣ
ᰵЩΣЩͷۡ
ʵҲûʲôİӣЩ죬Ǵһ˼ʮֻ
ʮֻ쵰ǳ￪̣ǲǣ˼ҪǹܣûиҶСĻû˵꣬᰾
ȱ𼤶Ұѻ˵ꡣҶСľ˵һ飬ҶүүĻҲظһߣ˵ԼѪɫӰӡ
󣬷ᰳĬһ˵Щ棬ֻ˼ֲʲô£ʹԸ⣬ֳҲͬȥܵģϾﲻɳǣ
һһ飬սڼǴǲķֹ¡˵
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ʲôûУʵ
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УҶС͸¶һ˿ĹŹ֣ϧ᰿
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˵ǣ·ˣ塣
ҶС磬쵰åһμҷҪ·ǹ⣬ȥһȦ᰷ŭĺелЩߣ꣬Ȼ͹˵绰
ֻװڿڴУҶСŤͷ׼ȥһתͷͿԼĸ׾վǰ治Զ
衣ҶСЩεĽʣղԼͷ˵ĻԼĸ
С磬ôܶһŮ˵ֻأֵ۹⿴ҶС硣
裬ҲǿЦѡҶСڨڨ˵
ʲôһûϡ˵ȻҶСһҶСҪŮһЩܿЩֵЦơ


331 ŷǧҪ
һҶնû˯ԵʣԷʱ˯ҶСȥ𴲵ʱһ£ſ˯˫ۣ˿ûҶС磬һ˯
ҶСЩεЦЦҲûٴͻ߳˷䣬˿С
գûҶСһ˳ʵ
ûУڻ˯ˡҶСЦЦ˵
ȳԷɣùѷʣ¡˵
һһ߳ԷһŸղŴ峤֪ͨʱҶĿ׼һǮģǣҶĻȰ˵£ջǷˣϾУЩ˵Űˣ˼ĻͲš
ϢСʱңҶС׼ҶĿֵһȥǣҶĿͬ⣬˵ûʲôҪɵĻҶСڼúÿ飬ҶСһΣλһûãôأڼ
ľֽ̿ϰë֡ʱĺܿ죬תۼ͵ˣҶС綼Լķдʮëˡ
ʱС鷳˯ˣ۾ԼһͷʱһĿҶС硣
ô۹⿴ңҶСеëʣī˹ȥ˹ɰСЦʵ
ߣƭˣƭ˯ˣȻԼ͵͵ˣջһͷҶ˵
Լû˯ãȻ˯ˣʲôʱƭ㡣
ƭˣûƭңΪʲôһһͷҶնҶС˵Ȼ󣬴Ьӣ˵һ䣬ҲˡȻ˳ȥΪӶ˳ȥԷȥˡ
ҶСЦЦҡҡͷϵĶʰҶС˳ȥҶһ߿ӣһ߶룬ҶС˳ҶտҶСһۣŵӡ
֪С鷳ˣСƢҶС˳ȥߵԺ㶵ֻ𶯣óһһİĺ룬üͷ΢΢һ£ǽ
ιǣҶСʵ
ʱС鷳ҶСˣ룬һ£Ȼ˽ȥ
ҶС磬ŷǧʱ򣬱Ѿ˵ˣΪǴ˻Ӧ׼˵ĻȫţҲܲţҲһϣȷֵ꿹սʱڣһӹ׼𵱵صİ·ʱȴͻȻʧˣôʧģȴûм¼ǴЩ򵥣ߵ¿ˣܻˣʲôµҴ绰һǴ塣ŷǧ˵
õģллѣǴˣ˸⣬ûںǵˣǣǶһΪɽҰˡҶС˵
绰ͷĬһŷǧ˵ϹƲʲô£Ͼ϶û£ȿɣûгʲô£ôľɽϵҰ˶ѡ
һ󣬱˵绰ʱҶѾѷˣվҶСߣСҶСĵ绰
磬ֺһ绰λǲǳúƯС鷳ҶСĸ첲˵Щ֮ɫ
ҶССԴЦ˵ѾͷӸ׻
ҲԱ˵ġС鷳ҡҶСĸ첲
ʱ֪ˣܻС鷳ҡʵܲˣҶС˵˳ϾҲûʲôģŷǧУҶСаٷ֮ʮİ
֪ˣһǸŮѰɣҶСЩ˷ܵ˵
ҶСЦЦͻȻ䣬üͷ洫һ󼱴ٵĽŲȥֻ洫˶Ի
壬æŸʲôȥʱűѵ
ղŵ˵ҼҵĹˣǹЩԾǷˣ˾ҧҵȥܿ˵
ǼҵСڣҼǵҧ˵İô£ߣҲȥű˵
ãһȥ˵꣬˵ĽŲԶˡ
˼һҶС뵽һܣͷ첲С鷳˵գʹڼܣȥȥͻ
УУƭˣǸƭӣ˵ʲôʱȥҪҵġҶյСԴҪĸ˹һ㣬۾ˮģһӡ
С鷳ӣҶСһͷۣ룬ԼڣҲʲôΣգǵ˵ͷӦãҿԴȥһҪĻ
ĻˡС鷳ղŻһı飬ڶʱüЦ۾һԼ
Լĸ˵һ˾˳ȥʮӺ󣬵ͷʱʮżһΧһֻСţһСзź⡢ɭ׵ݣЩֲ
ȻǡҶСһĨâ
ʱС鷳ûʣץסҶСĸ첲СЩףǱסˡ


332 ͵Ĵ
壬⵽ǲǼҵĹҼǵǼҵĹûô󰡣űɽŲ֪ľߵĲܿʵ
ǼҵĹûĲӻúϵһҲ֪ôͻȻˡܿҲЩɻ˵
СڣСڣֻܿţһСĹе
ءܿٽײеĴ󹷶Ųܿɭ˼ǰצڵһ٣źбһɣƶʳһ˹
ܿ˨ڿһգ󹷣󹷵弫ΪڿһŤͶ˹ȥ
ҧ˲ɡʱһԵһºݺݵ˹ȥ
໡󹷽гһͺһһͻᵽԭλãĶر󣬴ʱҲЩëֻ۾ɢĹâ׺ݡ壬ͲһֱĹӦе
壬ҿǼҵĹˣ֪£ҿǲҪˡ׶Ĺ˵
󣬲ܿһ㶣Ҳ֪ôźãϾԼĹкĸģҪԼĹɱģȻҲɱǣЩ⣬ԼҵĹԼˣ׼ҧѾˣȡʩĻ˺ˡ
ԥһ󣬲ܿһҧ˵ã㣬ˣҲܿԼҵĹ˴
⻰Ǿͷˣȥɣǻ˵ġű˵
ܿзŸӵĹâԼҵĹһۣȻתߣҶСҶʱȰС磬ʲôϽȥҪǹһѳ˰ΧȦ˹ô죿ߣһȥ
˵žҪҶС뿪
ҶС΢΢һ˹ȥ壬￴û£ǹ˺ҡҶС˵
٣⺢ӣӦͦģϽȥﲻĵطҪҶ֪Ǽҵĸ߲ҼҵСҧˣƴɡܿ뿪Ц˵
壬û棬￴һᣬģҲµģһԶһСҶС绹Ǿܾ顣
⺢ӻ󣬲Ҷ֣Ǻ￴һ˹ҪϽܡܿ嶣ת׼ߣûתء
ӣţҪС˹㻹Էܿ彫еҶС˵
лл塣ҶС˵ǲ׼ҪģǣĹģԼô˼ܾأ
ʲôܿһҶСļ˵ȻĿͶҶգСԴҲʸף㿴׳ˣգһȥ
Ҫһ𡣡ֻܿͣСŵòҰףҶջǱҶСĸ첲ܿȥ
ȥˣС翴գɱˣˡܿ˵˵꣬Ȼʹȥ
ĿŲܿ뿪ҶСŤͷͷ˿Ҷգοиﲻµġ
Ҷյ˵ͷԴҶСĻС
ѵҲ´ˣôӹгҶС˵Ҷ̧ͷҶСһۣҶС˵ЩʲôЩһ͡
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ãǶ֡˵Ȼһȳ˳ȥе¸߸߾𣬴ž޴ݺݵ󹷡
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ء󹷷޵ɭɭĳһڣɵţΧ˸ʹס
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ģ⻹ǹ𣿶ɾˣ뵱ɽϴֻҰʱûô˼˵
ȥУ²ǴǾˣСΧȦҶ˵
СΧȦҾͲܵȥзһ˿˵
˵ɾ͸ɣʮˣżһŴ󹷱ȥ·Ҳ֪ԼҲΣգ󹷵ͺһ˫ĿеĺʤˣȻһŵأһͦǳġ
һ¾ͺݺȥֻ֪˿кٶͻȻӣһӾͽ˵ڵأſѪھҪĲҧȥ
ͻȻҶС磬˫ĿеĺⶼƲغ𡭡һҶС˹ȥл˷ܡ
С磬㿪
Ͻ㿪һĻΧĴϽе
ҶŵСӲҰףŤͷСԴҶСĻУѧѧӡ
ҶСֽҶսڻУǹҳһ˿Цһĳһɽľɢ󹷻û˵ǰͱҶСһĳ֮ԶһѪЩǰ
ء󹷽һڶ𣬷·֪ҶС粻ǣΧĴȥ졣


333 ٴ
ͣˣһӴ˴˵ĶΣһЩСŵøϽ˿żһκʧȥײеĴҲֻܶܡ
ͬһ㣬ϴ£ǸľѣʱҶռþûжͷҶС绳ŲŤͷһȴֻղ˹ĴȺкУĿɻĿԼĸ磬û˲ŷ
ѵǸղŰѴ󹷴ˣһˣ˸⻹ʲôˣ뵽ҶԺ
ѵûнֻڣôأҶС翴˹Ĵ󹷣ҶС
ʱ˸ղѾ˵ʢʱ֣ǶıȽ٣ղŴһˣǷצӾץ壬һļָ״̽УһӾˡ
Ϊˣе»ӶĶˣûд󹷣צĴӿ¡
ۿҪɥڴ󹷵צ£ҶС˫Ŀбų磬еһֱֱչһ˳ǹһ˦ವһͷɳȥһʹ̴˴󹷵塣
ߵҶտĵɴ۾һжġ
ֱӱӸ˶Ĺԣһĵط
ʱҶСҶ˹ȥϵϵѪʱϽСԴҶСĻУȥˡ
ҶСضŴ󹷵ʬ壬һֻһ΢ĹâӴüĴ˳ƮɢоɢˣҶСһ㶣ԭǾ̫ˣҪȻô᲻ӴϳǣҶСлкܶʣǸôֱյϵľѪҪŴ˺ˣ
벻ҶСͲˣ˼ĶЩͷۡ
С磬лл㣬Ҫҿ¶ûˡµ˵ҶСǸм֮ɫ
壬ôǶһӵˡҶСЦЦ˵
С磬ֲղڵĴ󹷣һӾͱӴˣֲܰѲݶȫųǸӣһѧģҶ˹еһҶСļʵ
ѧʱ򣬸һѧġҶСһѣС鷳̧СԴҶССǡ
ȻӸôԶɹ󹷸̴֣ɽ϶Ժˡűѿ˿󹷵ʬ壬дĽ˵
ͱ佱ˣҵһ֪ġҶС絭һЦͺзȡ
ʱ򣬴Щ˶Χ˹һ佱ҶС磬˵ҶСε˵ãжЩĽɫʱ򣬶ǳɽҰ޲ˣֺõˣһˣ׳־ĻδĥѪðյڻЩڴҶСĿЩ΢΢𾴣Ƕǿ𾴣۱֡
С硭ʱԶһ˹ǵаŵģ
λ壬磬ˣҾˡһԼĸ׵ҶСΧĴ˵
˵˼׵ĻҶСʹҶշȥԶͿԼĸվСǰһӵ·ڴߣǵ֮ɫ
ղ㿡˵߿Ǵû°ɣ˹ǷԾЩĵʵ
û£ʲô£㿴ⲻǺúõġҶСЦ˵
˵ҶС缸˱һȥһ·ϣС鷳Ͼ˷֮ɫ˵ŸղҶСһӾʹ̴˴󹷣һ
ܲ˵ӣص˼ҺҶСԺҪٸΣյȵȡ
ѾˣＸû˽ԸͷȥΪûһŴ·СڰϸʾдݣЩݾҶүү˵Щ
Դˣ峤ҲЩΣԸǮֻʮֻС
ҹѾʮˣҼһĵƶţ³ҶС⣬ܶ˶û˯Ƕ˼һ׼ɽǸҰ޻᲻ӣʵҲЩ΢΢ĺ£Ͼǵʵ̫ˣ˵ӰŽòҪǵ
賿һӵʱҶСĹӸ죬ǵĽٴεϵҪܶ࣬ÿ˵жڷëһЩ󵨵˷׷żһ˳ȥ
ڴϵҶСȻ˫ĿЩѵүү˵ĻģҶС
Ͻ·ƿž˳ȥʱҶĿҲ˳һĳء
С磬ͲҪȥˣһ˳ȥˡҶС˳ҶĿ˵
֣á
ʲôҪ˵ˣϲҪȥֵĻҶС绹û˵꣬ҶĿʹҶС绰ݾܾ
Сһ㡣ҶĿĻôᶨ֪ԼԸҶСҲûǿֻǶҶСһ䡣
֪ˣϽȥ˯ɣҶĿҶС˵
ҶСֻεķ˷䡣
ҶС߽˷˳ȥղǵҲʶЩ򵥣˵˵˵ĶģЩΣˣҶСܵ˺ûҶСһ֮һˣ߳ȥ


334 ҹӨ
߽ҶСһƣȥǺҰ޵ģǣȴסˣڵȻҲĴӴųȥˡ
ҶСĿͶԼĴʽľܰװһһĲԪֽΪ˷ֹӴ뷿䡣
ҶС۾һ˹ȥ򿪴˫ַסֽһֽס֮ľͱ˺ܶ࣬ǡһͨҶСһƮƮľͷ˳ȥ
ӷзɳҶСûͣһſ˳ȥȥ˵ʱ򣬿ǼſڲԶΧʮˣǶһӵģ׼ȥͷҶСûͣٶ˼£ͷȥ
ͷʱҲۼ˺ܶжżһҶСȱУվڻûǽϣҶС翴еļˣһֻϣûзʲô²źá
үү˵ĻҪˣĪɽһͷƵͷȮһĹﲻɣЩζ
ʱһ˵Ǵ˹ˣȻûмɱЩ֣ͣҲûʲô˼һʧ
Сʱ򣬿ӨĵƶţҶС֪һǳĺ£һסټ¥Уܲ𣿺οǸӵëȻǵӴ˶ᱻסοһŮӡ
룬ҶСһһֻһ㣬ֱӴӸߴשݳɵΧǽϷ˹ȥ
¥¥ڷ棬һ¥⣬¥ûа·ȴرպš
׼һҶСһԾϣйâһ˲ϵĽӣȻ򿪴ӣ˽ȥûзһ˿ԼӨ
һȥǰ£ʿ϶ӨģȻϴǣ滹ŵĻζ
С䣬ҶСž˽ȥ
˭ƿţһ֮ɫӨҲֻôת߽ȥҶС翴Ө˫ڴϣڴͷ۾ǲǾ¡
ҶСһ㶣ԭǸ䣬˼ҵ䡣
㡣ҶСʱһ˵
Ҹղȥͷʱ򣬿ĵƻţͽҶСЦ˵Ȼ˹˴ߡ
ʱеЩµȫʧˣΪжһ˵Եʣʹټįˡ
һŮһյû˿¥У˵¶įǼٵġ
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ȻǴӴġҶСЦЦ˵Ө˵ҶСЩ΢ϲ
ʣǣûʳ
Ҹղͷһ£ûзʲôֻҰѾˣͰĵ˯ɣ㿴㶼㲳ʲôˣǰϺһû˯ɣҶС翴ӨЩף沼Ѫ˿ʧȥ˹Щ۵˵
˫ֽıƽڴϣȻϸղŸǵǼɫë̺ϡ
ú˯ɣģҰ޲ˣ˼ˣˡҶС˵Ȼ׼뿪
ʱԼֱ۱һСסˣͷһֻӨֱۣЩΡ
ܲܲҪߣӨҧ촽Щߵĵ˵Щ΢΢Σ˵⻰ˡ
ʱҶСĲŷµľǿӨƽı飬ԼʲôҲ˵Ůˣĸ˿¶
ҶС֪Ǻ£ǳĺ£ҪȻԸǶȻ˵ֻģҶСЩңҿǸ﷢ëĲҽҪȻ治֪֮Ĺʲôʱܺһ㡣
ҲҶС˵ͷסһ󣬼˼ûôķ䣬ҲõԼĸĸᷢԼ١
ҶСͷŷȻɿҶСĸ첲
ҽ˯𣿡ҶСָŴʵӨûлشҶС罫Ьһѣ͹˴󴲣˯Өߡ
Ө泯ģǼҶСƤʱϽתӣɫͨޱȣҶСһ
溦ߣϵǻһӨҶС


335 ʧ
תǳʻεΣҶСŵ̽˫֣ӨסˣԸܵ˵Ľһ¡
ӨûзԣŲŲ壬ʹ˵һ𣬸Żм˽ҶСͷһȣһػ·ڣ
һ䣬ҶСӨĺЩ٣Ǵŵӣ⿪¿ۣµĿӣ
ӨǲתҶСӴȣĵҿܹŵʱֵµˡ
ܲסҶСӨת˫Ŀ룬ˮҫĹ⣬ϵĺζܼˮ۵Ľһһ⣬͸޾ջ
Ө̬ҶСһѹ£ӨûзԣҶСͷȥ
һ䣬һ˵Ļڷ
Ƹ֮Өһ̺޵Ĵ飬ҶСĸ첲΢΢ĴҶСĿŻеļˣɵ뵽һ仰ϴֱӹͨ˺Ů֮
ڿ⻰˵ĻһģһεʱӨĮһ仰Ҳ˵ںһֻɵè䡣
ܲܽӨ㣬ҲҴ˶١ҶС˵
ӨӦһһ䣬ϵĺ쳱ȥһ˫۾ҶС磬ƺҪҶС翴͸һ㡣
ôңǲϲˣĿ⿴ЩȻҶСƤٺһЦ˵
Ө·˺Σ˵˶˵ΪʵҺѧϰرãЩСԸЩڿ˶ˣ˭ĵӶ󡣡
ٺ٣ҵĵӴ˲ղŲǻôӨǿ˵˻ҶСĵʧˣ˼ϷӨ
ӨҶСһۣ΢΢̾һһ˿ã֮ɫ
һ͵Ůӣʲô´˵ȥǱһܡ
Ө㣬ڵʲôӨеɫҶСʵ
Ҳ֪ǶԻǴӨ˵ĵǡ
ԲǱ˵㡣ںԼԼÿˣǶԣûȷĽޣͬҲͲͬóĽȻҲͲͬ
Լÿ˱Ƕ𣿡Өһ˿ѯ˵͸һĨ
ǵģÿ˶ΪԼÿֶܶϲǮģΪǮ⡢ϲȨģΪȨֶΣȵһвΪԼ˿ְˣôȥ
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ҶСĻӨ˵ͷг˸м֮ɫ
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ӨƮƬϼȻ˫ۣһ˯ˡ
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ҶС߽ʱӨһ˫Ŀ˿ЩᣬЩӣȻֱ˫Ŀ
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ϴӣҶС˯˴ˣһѾ糿ŵˣѾˡ
𴲣߳˷䣬һҲûУȻ˳ȥԺҲûˣ߳ź򱱱һֻ·ھۼ˺ܶˣԶܿǳ֮ɫֺ£п־塣
ѵĳˣһ·ȥһ߲˵Ļ
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˵ͷһĿڶˣǲģ
Ȼˣϵȥҽ£˰žû˴Ӧ³ˣʹԼҵԺ﷭˹ȥſţǣһ˶ûС


336 ŷǧ
Ҷ󣬽ʮ꣬һһŮסͷŵھӣû뵽һӣȻʧʵ̫˼ˡ
ҾóһҶ붼ǱɽҰ޸ȥˣҪȻôԵ޹ʵʧܿ˵й޲ýֻҰɱһ㡣
пܣǼͷһӵһңɽɽҰޣ˵ĻǼһܵ˭ȥϲŰɫ˵
˵᲻˵Ұ޸ɵģʱűѿΧˣЩ˵
һ𣬴峤ǸҰޣΧĴͲ˵ǼĹˣ˭֪жôĿֲ
С磬ˣǶ㣬Ҫ㣬ҽ춼ܹվˡҶС˹ˬһЦ˵
ΧĴŤͷһűѵʶҶСֵˣҶСΧסʶ
ԼĶӱΧϵ飬ЩˣɲԼĶðˣԼĸ׵ɫЩԣҶСʹ˼󣬾ͻȥˡ
С鷳ûû˯ţ˯
ҶСصҲú󣬴￪˰죬оűѵ޵ܣ
˵ŵҵʮֻˣǲֵһС£ǲܣôһ޹ʧ٣ǲܶˡ
һĵ飬һΪܿǱɽϵҰҧˣȻҲƲ⣬ǲԴΪھȥҪһ
ǣ֯ʮǰϹɽĴһѰǶǹżһһжʮˣƺƵɽȥ
űߵʱ򣬻ᵽҶС֣˵ҶС˵ãӦٰҶСϣͬ⣬ҲֻҪգɽЩ˵Щź֮ɫ
ҶСջص򿪵ӻûп೤ʱ䣬㶵ڵֻ
óһŷǧģæ
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ţ·ɻǴûг°ɣŷǧ˵ӵ绰ҶСзɻ㲥Ϸ
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ֱӴӻͨվе̫صĳվ󣬱ܡ㡣ҶС˵ŷǧƲǳ
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鷳ˣҴӱһˡ
ʶ·ҶСЩɻʵ
˼ˣǾ鷳ˡŷǧЩл֮⡣
ÿѡҶСƤ˵ƺ˼˵ĴֱܼӾһѡ
˾͹ҵ˵绰˿ʱѾǽʮˣ룬ҶСص˵ӣùĦгԿף߳˷䣬˷䡣
ҶСߵԺһˮ߸ǵ÷УƳԼҵ150Ħг
ǽ·ݸģرո£ĦгĴ壬ﻹЩ΢΢Ҳ֪ڵļôҪȥֻҪӲͷƤϡ
ʵĦкܼ޷ǾŵĿƺͽµλı仯Լ֮ϡ
ĦгҶСԺһȦԼļԣӦٶȻϣǴ󵨵˳ȥ
С磬ĦгʲôȥҶСĦг·ڵʱʵ
ҶСͣĦг裬ȥϽһѣҪǴ漸졣
С磬ŮѰɣû˵һŮʵ
ǣҵѶѣ裬ˡҶС˵
ȥɣ·Сĵ㣬
ҶСĦгߺ󣬴һЩŮ˶ΧסǲҶС̸ŮѣÿȵȣֱҶСб£úãӳһ
Լʮӵʱ䣬ҶС罻һǮһдֵӣĦгһרͣĦггĵطȻس
ͷرģʱ㽫Ħгڳȥһ̣ĦгᶪûбҪΪһǮĦг


337 ɽ˳
ûлس仯ܶ࣬ɵķȫµĸ¥Ѿڲ𣬽ֵԵĵ˺ܶ࣬ҶС粻̾ᷢչʵ̫ˣǵˮƽҲ˲١
سйһȦѾһСʱˣҶСųվȥȴŷǧĵ
Լٹʮӵʱ䣬һϢ˹Ѿˣŷǧ͵ġ
ҶСվڳվȥֻһе̫صĴͳ˽ŷǧһϣ˹ȥߵŸһ³ĳ˿͡
ڣһվǻ۹âŮŷǧ
ܴһķΣһ̫ñԵõ͵Ծڵסķ³ʱ򣬺ܶ˳ĳ˿ƵƵתͷעĿ
ӭ̫ءŷǧ³ҶСӭȥϴŵЦ˵ȻӹŷǧеĴа
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㻹ͦĬġŷǧЦһ˵
˾߳˳վĳУҶСƿ֭ݸŷǧմӳȵ֭ɣ
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ҶСŷǧ복վԶķĦгĵطóǸӣȻĦг˳
ôǲǾЩίˣŷǧԼƳĦгһ㶣ҶСЦʵȻ֪ŷǧû˼ǹ˵á
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ɣ㵱һ˾ĦгҶСǺһЦ˵
ŷǧ˵ͷĦгϣһץĦгӣһֺȻĻҶС
ĦгһͳسǣҶСżӴ󣬳طӶ߹γҵشĸо
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ҶСӺӾпŷǧժͷϵñӣϵͷɫ˿㷢Ժ趯ƮƮҪ˷ȥһ㣬ҶС綼Щԡ
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ҶСεЦЦתƻʵǵһĦгģ
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ΪҶСĦгҲֻǺǴһкѣǽҲҪˣҶС
ǧ㲻Ҫ˵Ļũ˾ҶСεĽ͵
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ŷǧʱ۾ˣϽ˹ȥʵλǣ
裬Ҹ˵ǸŷǧҶСܵ
ҶСĽܣЩĵһҶС磬ҶС졣
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ð̿ﳤö࿡ӦһоĿ⣬ЦĶЩϲ£ˣŷǧǸҪŷǧһжҪʳһ㡣
ŷǧʼմ΢Цû˿ͷӣԽĵͷ
׼ŷǧģǱŷǧܾˣҶСһŸҶСʣķˣһ߳һ޲ڡ
ŷǧӴаóʽŮʿķΣŷǧרΪҶĿġ
ǵǿ佱ͣŷǧ۹ⶼˣǿԼҵϱһ㣬ڼûͣһСʱ̰ܶ׷ǰ֮ⲻھƣΪ˿ҶСġϱжôƯʱ򣬴˶֪ҶҵĶӣһر𿡵ϱ
Ǵ˺˼ҶСķУŷǧЦ˵ϵЦݺϡ
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ˣˣˣɽ˳ˡڣʱĴһŶֺµĽҶСóűϱ
׼ŷǧдһʴһԺҶС֪ԭ򣬾ͶЩһ£涼õģաŷŵìܣٺ١ٲ͸¶ˡ


338 а֮
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޺죬ˣ˵һ˺ͻɢˣһͻż
±ǳ£ڻ˶ˣЩˣﾡ߶ź
˶ҶСʵ
ڴͷűѵϱ˵
Ҳ֪ǲҲɽȥˣԷʱҲûмߣǳȥһŻͦʱֵŮ˵ɫ
ͷۼһˣǵĶʮ·áżһ˫ĿзźĴЩ˶ǴɽܻĴǵǽ䱸֮ɫеΧ۹ˡ
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ǵӣǵġ
ʱҶСŷǧŴЩŮ˹һЩŮ˼ȺԼˣ׼ܹȥǱΧĴסˣڴ峤Ľ£ǲֹͣ޴ΪԹԵվȺУһŵĶԸˡ
Щ˫ĿзźĴҶСŷǧͬʱһĹâ
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ҶСʶ͸ʱߵŷǧзһĨʡ
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СûУ޺һľ죬ǵ֮ɫʵ
һֱһģѵûлһ㶣Ťͷ˿ɽˣڻֻʮˣһ
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󣬴峤üͷȻĿͶˣҲӣʲôǵˣ
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ҶĻҶСŲ³ˣһɽմȾ˲ɾĶȻܵʱЩ뵽ǵĴԣʧȥңʶӰ£ܵ˻
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죬ųɳ£̫ҪˣһҪ𼫶ȵӡ
ҶС硢ŷǧԼĸ׷˼УҶСŷǧԺҪȥ̫Σˡ
ҶСֻܵͷӦ
ô߽ҶСķкҶСʵ
һìͷָɽ˵ɽһһشܣԣҪ⿪ţȥɽһˡŷǧǻ۵˫Ŀһ˿˷ܡ
Ϊ̽׷̼ɣŷǧеɫҶСĿʵ
ˣʵϲľ̽ˣֻǸҵѡŷǧҶСգһ۾ЩƤ
ɽ̫ΣˣͲҪȥˣһȥͿԡ˼һҶС˵
һȥҿԸṩܶϣұ֪ĶҪö࣬һЩҲø
УҪ㸺Ρ
ŷǧȰ˵ҶС绹ͬ


339 ɽ
ŷǧҫǻ۹âٿһװҶСһ˵˴﷢ļ󣬾׼ɽ˰ɣ
ΪʱŷǧЩۣȻҶСĴСһϢʱҶС˳ȥĸ׽һʰһ¡
ʵҶС˵ĸ׶Ϊŷǧʰġ
ԼһСʱʱŷǧҶС緿˳ʼնЦݣһʮֿĵӣŷǧ̬ȱȶҶС綼úܶࡣ
ŷǧԸ󷽡侲ϻۣ̬£ҲЩ΢졣
ʮԱʧɽһ£ϵɳǿػӦ֣浱ʱֱ׼ˣϾЩغ棬̫رϵ˴ľԱѩ壬ȴЩȫɽĴ˽һе̬ЩأȻֱɽɽ´˼׾
һкɽһǧ׵Ĳ죬ɽֹдٴνȥȻҲΪҰɽܹʱ֪
׼úǾ׼ɽȥѰˣȻ峤˵ڹ޵飬ϻĽɫʵɽжڴĴ峤ֱҡͷ˶иƨãĹӲǻдڣɵһʣڹؼҪҳԭ
ҶĹԼ飬˵ЩˣҲţϾǸ޵ʵ̫˼ˡ
磬ڲڣŷǧʱҶ˽۾Щ΢΢ĺףһûϢõӡ
ߵſڵʱ򣬿ɳŵŷǧʱվſڣˣҶȻƽʱڴáƤ˵꣬һİˣͲ˵ˣЩ΢΢ĺߡ
⺢ӣվſڸʲôϽ˷ȥҶվſڲˣ˵˹ȥҶŷǧߣȻ˳ȥиҶն˽ķ
Сã㳤ƯСŷ￴һߴӵҶЦ˵ȻҶյС־ҶСķȥĴаҶСķС
˴Լʮӵʱ˵Ц˳ҶմһոµĹʽĳȹϹһ챦ʯ׹㷢ɫ˿ȻۻһɫķסļΪҫۣʣһװŷǧģ֪Լиá
ûил㣿ҶС翴Ѿָ˱ԵҶ˵
Ѿлǽպãպãʲôû򡣡ҶСһӣǵŷǧĸ첲
ߵʱ̫æˣˡҶС͵
һΣһҪˣҪˣýɣ㶼һˡҶպ޹˼ɵ˵ΪŷǧҶСŮѡ
ҶյĻһ侲ŷǧ
Ү㺦ˣҶտĵЦ
ʲôأĵôġʱһֶһϡһֶһӲ˵
ףǼҵմһƯҶյһװ۾һ佱֪϶ŷǧҶģõĹﰡŷǧĿԽ
С鷳ԹҶСһ˱ڴҶСŷǧŴеһУһɽǼ¡
˵ʱߵͷʱ˵ɽ£Щɧǳʲô£⻰ҶС˱ɽȥ
ǰΣգλҪǰˡҶС˸ߵ嶥񸽽ʱ򣬾ǹеľ죬ǿҶСߵŷǧʱһû뵽ﾹȻ˾ɫŮ
һװӣҶСʶĲ򵥣Խ˴˵Ļ
壬ʣʲô£ǴҵûУҶСһʵ
ûзʲô£λǻȥɣĵطǴˣѰСһ첻˵
ʲôˣʱһ꾯˹൱࣬ŷǧʱһ㶣̽ʵǲŷС㣿
ʶңŷǧЩȵʵ
ȻŷС㣬ĴǾ˲֪˲ǰѧϰʱҼһΣҽһ£̫ع̷ҫŷССͿˡ


340 Өĵ绰
ʱ˾ȻǰɫŮӹ쾪ˣŷǧôôϤͻȻ˲Լͬ¿ۿϣŷǧӰֳô˿
ҶСĿⶼ
̷ǲǳʲôˣŷǧʵûһְ˵ƺԷһƽȵ̬
ǽȥɽѰ涨ӱѾһСʱһ˻ûл̷ҫǳݵ˵
ŷǧԴӢü΢΢һ壬˵ô˵ɽϣȷδ֪Ķڣ̷ΪӦòҪڽɽˣӦҪٷӦһ£ɳֱڿѰȿɽǷʲôΪΣյĶڡ
̷ҫĿһ̾Ǹ⣬ллŷСˡ
ÿŷǧϴһ˿΢Ц˵
ŷС㣬ѩҲΪ£̷ҫһ𾴵ʵ
ǣѹ漸죬û뵽Ȼ¡ŷǧҡҡͷ
ŶһΪŷСΪ˴רŸϹġ̷ҫ˵¶һĨʧһ˿ϲãȻŷǧרģǣֻҪڴԼʲô¾ͿȥѯˣҲһЧ
λСֵôƺ̷ҫĿͶҶСʵ
ҶС磬һҰ֮ˣǺǡ
Ҷֵ̫ǫˣҿҶֵһɽеͨҰ֮ˣοܺŷСΪѣôͨˡ̷ҫЦЦ˵
˼ҶС硢ŷǧҶձ㷵˻ȥ
صҺҶĿֵܺɶӵˣŷǧʱһǶû뵽ҶСŮӾȻôƯܴӵʱѾ˵ҶСӳһϱȴû뵽ԷȻƯֱŮһ˶
λǧɣôƯǼСиöЦ˹ȥסŷǧС˵һ˫ۣϴͣסĵͷһӡ
ŷǧϷƬΣҶСЩεЦЦû˵ʲô֪Լôͼ˶ţϾԼһŮӴˣοʹţ¼Ҳô飬ͲŷǧҶҵϱ
ǧǼǲǾ棿ɺŷǧţһ˼Ҵ
ŷǧ˵ͷ
ʱ˽ˣϡ
ǧţȥǶ˷ȥ˽˷˵
̣ϢɣŷǧϽ˵
ڻа̣ͺСһҶɣװЩ˵
ŷǧ漣һɬ֮˵
õŮӣС磬ԺҪ˼Һһ㣬ҪȻСĶѵ㡣Ӧһ䣬ȻŤͷҶС˵
ҶСֻεĵͷӦɺŷǧһȥ˷һһŷ˵⻰ڣһܰӣŷǧҲԵÿޱȡ
ҶС罫ŷǧһУרʰģȻںܼ򵥣ȴرɾ
ǧϣ⣬Ǽ˾ҶСЩ˼˵
û£Ǽر˼ҹĵһ졣ŷǧд֮ɫ˵
ѵǰĲģҶСЩֵʵ˵ڣԼϲɵĹˣӦúֺܿܿĲŶԣǣ۾ȴһ˿Ľ
Ҳ֪ǲǿġŷǧĻЩįˣ˵Щĵˣ׼ʲôʱȥɽ
ھŵˣʮȥ赣ġ
ãҲȥʮһ㣬㣬ɲҪ͵͵ˡŷǧ˸ž˵
ǺǣôأȳȥˣϢһ°ɣҶС˵

ҶС߳ŷǧķ󣬾ͻصԼķ˯ˣ˯²ãֻҶСֵ˯УҲûп绰ͽ
绰дһӵΪ˭˵绰ҶСҵ绰ͻȻ䣬绰дһԼԼŮ˵ĺˣʲôҪ
ҶСһ˹ǵҶСϤһʱȴ벻˭ģϽһµ绰룬ѩģӨһӾͳԺС
룬һôͽ뵽ҪҶС綼ԼڲҪǴͽӨˣô졣
򿪴ӣ磬Ծ˳ȥûͣӨȥ


341 ׼ǿ
µĿУӨЩµվ绰ԣŭĿһȺİˣŭǣһ͹һЩĲݶȫЩİ˾ǲݶȫġ
ʱǻ⣬ղ治Ӧȥš
ղž׼˯ʱţ˵һ̣һŮʲôΣչϵľܾˣǣǸ˵Լǲܿ壬û̳飬˯š
ȷʵЩǲܿģҶһӵģ˭ϵǣˣŵ˲䣬һİףжİˣǸͲǲܿġ
ʱ֪ԼƭˣϽţǳˣǻİǿƿŴ˽Ͻܽ˿̵֮ǵŹˣʱԺֻҶСӰӣ绰Ծ͸ҶС绰ղǻ˾Ͱײˡ
ܶȫղƭҴţӨĽضŲܶȫŭ˵
ô˭ôʶȤ˶ôãؽڣڤ粻飬˵Ҳܶȫжã㣬Ūز𣿡ܶȫ˵
ʹ޲ѣϵʱıκһɫ׳ˣһ˰˸ˣרһϯ˻ҿﻹкüӵơƣҪȻϣһʮ˾㷹֮󣬻ûеȲܶȫ˵Ͱȫ˵һ飬˭֪ͬӨ¶˵˶
һӨǸѸı˫۷ˣȻôһΣ֪ԷʲôˣǣӨѾڶŮˣôݵ˱أ
ʱƭ˶Է˭֪Է᲻߳ŭһ٣ƭĻӨͱˣһ֮ʵ˵ˣϾŮҪŮûˣңɾһˡ
Ļκ˫ð⣬ҪȥӨйк𲻿ɣһ˱ĵߵСǲҾˣϾеӣߴôˣȫϵĻᱻ趼ϵá
񣬼Լ϶Ů˽ҪۣܹһжǹŮˣ㵱ӣʲô¶ᷢޱʹ޵
ܶȫ˵ˣһδ¶Өʱվǰλɫӳʵıκ硣
֪ʲô⣿ܶȫѹеķŭޱȹ˵֪˶Ǻˣϻλεĵӡ
ȷʵΪˣ˵ľδ¶Ůˣ㿴۾̺⣬֮ɫûбŮˡκоĿӨȻĿͶ˲ܶȫ˫Ŀ˸ź⣬ǲѾϹˣ
ղŵһۼӨĹѸʱһȻĶĸоǶԷòִһ˿ʣһҪŮȢؼȥڻûţҶԷŽ鲻ãǣղϸһ£Ů˵ľԷͲһ֮ûбŮˡ
밴˽⵽ĶƲӳ˲ܶȫ⣬˭飬һʱŭԼеŮˣȻñϹⲻԼҪñùĶֻ
磬ûУǸ°Ҫˣ綼Ų˵ˡܶȫί˵
Ĳ㣿ܶȫӲƭκʵ˭
ȻˣҲ֪˭֮¡ܶȫϽ˵ղκһָ㣬ҲӨԴģ˵ʲô˵ԷѾͱ˷ˡ
̸ӣƽʱװû뵽Ҳһܶȫд
ô죬ô죬ɲ֪ͨ˵绰ûУʱӨмȲԺȫҶСӰ
ܶȫĻκһӨ˵Ը޸ҲںǰֻҪԺĶҾС
κĻ˶ȵŴͣһӨģеľȾʧˣŮˣ˭ԸȢš
òĿЩǿᣬһҪǻĸоŮܲ˶
ܶȫҲˣκĻʵ̫ˣʱ֪Өжôĳ㣬вɵĺ
ôԸ𣿡κϵ˵
ӨֻǿǸû˵Ŀдһ˿¿ˡ
ǲԸˣҪĲԸĻǿκЩӵĹâȴǼΪļᶨ


342 
磬һҲֵˬˬ죬ôʱκһСϴ̰Ĺâ˵
ұ졣
žκһȻ֣һ˦˹ȥ˵Сϡ
Щί˲䣬ˣ֪˵ǿָǿ׼ǿӨ
Сһƺκת˹ȥ
ǵʲôˣҪʲôӨһס˷ŵ绰ӣ·ˡ
ź󣬾֪ʲôˡκһ˵һӨ
Ҫ㲻ҪӨЩʧĺеĺ壬
˹ĴͽЩѵҪһͽ˲ɣ
ýˣôж˵ģҹģѾûʲôˣοţЧɺ˺ܶࡣκ˵Щ΢΢ϲɫʱѾߵӨǰˣ֣׼סӨȻȥ
κָտҪӨǣͻȻ䣬ͷһҽȥֻһƬıɫҶӣֱһֱᴩģĿģ˵
𣿲ʱһΪƽӿ¥ݿڴ˭ܴƽ̺ޱŭ
˻ͷȥȥһλʱ¥·ֻҪһ۾ͻʧȻǷٸ˹ҶС硣
㡣ҶСʱκһ˵Ŀηηͺèһ㣬һܲŵӣôôɣ˭ƫƫɷǡ
мˣڿҶС˲䣬һĲҰף͸һĨ֣ĵһȥ
ɲ𣿿ϴεĽѵûгԹҶС絭˵˫ĿųκһۣȻɨˣֻоĿƻǵĲϣһʱͷ亹ֱ
ҶС磬ӨһϷһ˿Ц⣬еǹ壬ȫʧӰ١
٣ǸᡣҶС˵ĻϽЦϵʹгվ汻ҶСѵһٺ󣬾ˣ˶û˵ͽһ˴һ٣һ˵ĿǾȻеӢҶСΪ٣˵ʲô˵ҶС̫ˣǸڰͨԵܵ˵ġ
ᣬȷʵǸᡣҶСЦһһͳκǰţ˫ϡ
ǡͷѵ
ɱһĲҽǴκĿзֱӵ˵ϣ壬˫Ⱥиͣ
û°ɣߵӨǰҶС͵ЦЦ
Өҡҡͷһ˿顣
һԵĲܶȫ˿Өٿ˿ҶС磬һ⣬Ʊסβһ㣬ָˣһֹ֮£ס
ũˣڱֱȽϿأղŴҶСӨüȥ֮䣬ܶȫһЩͷ뵽飬дӨ˺ҶСǱң˵ҶС绹ҪӨһǣֻȴֹ֮£ܲأ
ܶȫĻӨһ𣬱òҰޱȣĽᣬʱܶȫһᣬĻˣһӴʹ
ӨӣܶȫȷԼ뷨
ȻһԹŮǾȻ֮ҿǻôڴȥܶȫǺݶĹâҪһԹŮ
졣ҶСŭĴһӨ⣬ҶСŭУжѪܶȫŵ̱˵ذϡ
벻ҷ㣿ҶСӸ£Ŀڵϵκ
롭κǿʹм֡
ãҰҲܶȫˣ¾ҹˡҶСƽ˵
áκ˼ûһھʹӦ
磬㲻ôôҿԸǮܶǮġܶȫˣſκǰ
ɣѩ壬Сʱ֮ڣҪ֪ѾĲܶȫҪȻ֪ġҶС缫Ϊ˵
ȻҪܶȫҲǶָ飬ǣҲԼӨ鱻Ǵˣڻ֪ʱֻܲȡִʩǲҽ͸¶ȥ
ҶСĻ䣬ĸ˾ͽκ̧ϽദȥһߵܶȫǰĲһУܶȫ˹ȥ˽ܶȫ˳ȥʮʱ䣬ǾͶȫ뿪ˡ


343 ŷǧƶ
Ө㣬ģҲ鴫ȥġӨ΢԰׵ŨŨĵǣҶС簲ο
ǣվǲԡӨɫЩȻ
ǵҸ˵ĻֻҪԼÿ־УôҶСӨ˵
ҼǵãֻҪ̫ˣҸ˵ĿӨҡҡͷ۾һ΢ʹ
ֻҪ֪ˣĺˣû˻֪ġҶС˵
Ө˵ͷҶҶСм˵лл㡣
֮仹˵֣ҶСװЩӣſ˫֡
ӨЩңȴûʲôֳ
ӨҶС罫ر˻У֪ʹӨоԷ˵ģϾǽ֮Ϊ
ܵм˵Ľ΢΢ЩصĳҶСͷһֻӨЩ΢΢ĺΣһˮȦȦ
ˣҶСЦһ£Ķߴһ˵
ӨϵĺһֱӴ˶ӣЩɬصͷ
ҶСһӨ¥ȥ
ѾӨΣǣûϸĿ壬һΣӨϵ·һһϾͪ壬˵ߣѩϸļ̵ͦظƽ̹СһӾϵĳ
ظ⻬ͬһָУղܣڿϵļ˺أ΢΢Ť֫ҶСԼϵ
һŮ֮սнУ˵ʱʱֱһʱ߿ʱͳתˣ
ҶСӨڴϷƸ֮ʱҶСļУʮһŷǧ׼ʱ˹ǳĴ·˴ߵǰ
ţȿһ죬еĵţȴûˣŴ򿪣˳ȥȻϣ͵ҶСķſڣҶСķŵȻûйء
ƿ˽ȥȻţһţеС磬ûУ
û˵ŷǧ¹ҶС紲ߣʿҶС紲ϵë̺һߣĵѵһˣᣬȻӦ˾Ͳߣѵʲôûü˵ˣ
ʣŷǧóֻֻĹâѰҵ˷䣬˷еİɫܵƣеһжǰǺܵľţûвֻкиҶСĸĸҲ֪ҶСķ俪ûС
ţë̺˴ߣֻûдڴмĲ֣ϵЬһֻ⣬˵ߵʱ򣬺ܴæûӴ򿪣һǴӴӳȥġŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ
Ƿʲôߵʱ˵Ĵæŷǧ΢΢˼š
̧ͷһҶСֻһᣬȻ˹ȥҶСֻһֻͨУڶʲôû
ŷǧҵֻ˿һ룬Ǵĵ绰룬ѵǴ˭ҳ˴ģ
ܣ£ôҶСֻŷǧüͷҶСĵ绰룬ֻȼˣ˵ҶСϺֻЩϿԿЩ˶ǺҶСϵرõˡ
ѵи˺ĹϵرãʲôˣȻ˵绰Ҳֻˡ
ʱѾҶСķ䣬ҪȥصԼķ䣬һҶСĸĸˣҶСԼڣ᲻һߡ
뵽͹˵ƣҶСĴϣһĳҲȷˣһ˯ˣȴԺܾ裬һʲô紵ݶͻѣǶ೤ġ
ӨУҶСӨӵһŻ֮ƽ
֮ϵһ쳱˶ҶСЦЦͻȻ䣬뵽Ҫŷǧжá
ͷ˽Ҫȥɽŷǧ˵ʮһʱһͻһԼûڷУ᲻Լһ͵͵ˣҲ͵˳ȥ
뵽ܣҶС縧һ£ӨļЩǸ˵Ө㣬ЩҪ²ܹˣԲ𡣡
Ө΢΢һͷ۾ҶС˵˵ŮѻˣŮѳúƯ
˼ȷʣҶСǲҪŮѡ
˵ǲҵһѶѣ鷽ĸ֣˵ɽ߳ˣ׼ȥ鿴ġ
ҶСĻӨЩ΢΢ϲ⣬ϸƷζһҶСղŵĻܵʵҪȥɽ
ţģҲµģղҵҲˡҶСӨĶǰһ˵Ȼʹ·
ӨĿԾЩģҶС˵Ҵûаյ飬ͷĺˣˣ˯
˵Өĺ촽һڣתߡ
ҶСҴҶߵıӰӨǺ͵ģʱѾҶС硣


344 ǻ۽
ҹշǵ㣬һɵӺĻΪ׳ۣһƬƲͬɴһϣǸ߹ĻһºŮһɬ
࣬Ӱ߲һȻïܵϻ̵ҶҡҡȻָֻ˸ղŵľֹ续ӡ
ҶСӯȻеķ磬޺ۣҲ֪ǧûдӴܳѰңӦòᣬǼԺΧǽͦߵģһرõҪӸǽϷȥЩܣοһ޸֮ŮӣҶС
ҾǰˣҶСͬһֻëһ㣬ӸߴĻƮƮĴ棬һ˽ȥûзһ˿
մӴ뷿䣬ͿԼĴһŮӣλŮŷǧǲ˯ŵģܸë̺ǴȻܹǶ˵ߡ
ǰպڵסһӢüĺ촽΢գϺƽ˯úܰ꣬Ӽڿ϶пԿǰĹֺͰɽͣҶСЩ¶
û뵽ıҶС
ղźӨĻ䲢ûˣʱŷǧ̬ҶСһͷܲܳ˯˱һԼװڵϹĲ֪ϻˡ
ҶС粻ЩԼˣеͷԽԽǿңҶСҧһ촽˺ģôˣ
˿ϵŷǧҶС缫˴ϣװŲ֪ˣŷǧϵë̺͸ԼϣȻһǡñסŷǧ壬һ׼ȷĸ˼ҸʵĻԲϡ
ףˣҶСװһȵ˵ͬʱָУ
˭ҶСֱ׳ʵȻһѹŷǧϣµĶûͣ
ǧҶСܹؿŷǧһߺ죬벻ǻ۹ˣ侲ޱȵŷǧҲһ档
ǧôҶСʵµĶͣڶĻͻɵġ
㡭ܲȴŷǧ˵оȻһ˿֮ɫΪҶСںڰпҲû⣬ⲻ֪ҶС翴˸
˼Ҳ֪ˣԡҶСϽŷǧϷ˴ϡ
û뵽ôҶСζ
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ѾǾΪʵ̬ûб仯˵׻һֻҪ˺롣
Ƭ̼䣬Ƹоܵв֦ȫֱ֦£֯һ𣬱֯һΣҶСŷǧУԽԽùͼ˰һӣ档
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Ϊǿ̫˵ԵʣҲһѪɫṩģѪɫҶСɺ󣬹Ҷȫήˣԭ֮һС
߰ɣҶСְγеЦһ˵
ŷǧ˵ͷ˾ͼǰȥ
һǰҶСһչʶ鿴ΧѪɫУ滹ǷݣĶ࣬ҸͷҲǳ󣬾ͱҶСҲһֻƣ;һֻ󣬿ޱȣϻǸ϶ָͷǰС˴Ŀġ
һѪɫأͺһƬʲô˼ά֪ЩҰ޳ʲôӡ
ɽôĵطڣѵǰʹڣֻǱĳˣǿΧѪɫ磬ŷǧü˵
ǰɣǰɽûгʲô¡ҶС˵
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̷ҫ׼ȫתߵģǣһʱҲҲõĵص㣬ֻա
裬ʲôʱܰ»ϵҶտ˵
ûʱ򣬾ͻˡЦ˵۾ȴŨŨĵǡ
㣬Сû˵Ǹʲôȥˣʵ
ʱԱߵӨŤͷ˿ɽķ¶ĵĹâ΢΢̾һ
ղӼʱǡҶСĸĸҶĻһӣһˣһߣʱҲһ
û˵Ǹʲôȥˣֻ˵ǧЩ飬ͻ˵ҶĿһԳ̣ҲܵҶСİο
ߣƭˣ˵ȥﶼҪҵģȴ͵͵ˡҶͣһܲӣҲˣˣҺ档
˵ţҶհһŲƨµש飬ӨλƣȻſӨϡ
Ϊ˴඼ûж飬Ҷշżٻʲô⣬ֻȥӨϾӨϹУһȥ˾ϤϵҲܺãҶӨ㣬ֻǰڱֵԵֻܽ
ſӨϣҶɰСӣ̧ͷЩɻ˵ϵζһ
⻰ӨˢһӾͺϽͷҶСĸĸ
ҶյǺܴҲֻӨɺ
գ˵ʲôأСϵζôһֲˮЦһֻҶ˵ĻһϷԡ
ȴЩ˵ĸо
ŶҶշ·Ҳ֪ղŵĻ˵ƤһͷȻſӨϣһ̧ͷڴյӨ˵ϵζǸϵζһǰһڸŵ˻ζҲ߱˸籧㣬֮ܡ
ҶյĻӨ΢΢һҶ뵽Ƿȥ


351 ʵĻӰұ
ҹʱ֣̫عֻ漣ˣһɫأЩϻЩ˯⣬ǣ۾ȴž⡣
ǰڶ쵼˽ӵ绰ʶ̬ԣϽ򹫰иȥϸ˽һǶƵÿжһɺ⡣
Ǹұֹ֤ĿǰϻûгҰޣΪܿĳҰ޷˻ͻ֡
ǣѩЩļʧȥȫѪҺ£ȴܺĽͳ
˵飬ɾֳİ壬÷ɻǰѩ壬һҪץסֻҰޣͬʱֱΪѰ˷㣬ѩĴ񣬾ͰڴӶͷĳṩôסУɽڻصԼ
İһ˳ȥйزŻϣԱжһЩΪļߵҹҲ˹ȥ
С磬㿴ʲôïܵĴУǰߣͻȻ䣬ŷǧָʮĵطʵ
ֻǴطһ˫ͬͲһСѪɫڶˣϸĻһֻӵֻӱһ󹷶Ҫһ㣬˶¶˳к⣬βرĴһô󣬿һҲûӣЩͣ塣
ʵҶС綼ˣȴûжֻ֣ҪҶС磬Ųû¸ɣֻ˶Ӷ֡
һֻ޴ӣǷ˱죬ùǼǰߡҶСƳһֻӣ˵
·ǼҶСڿֻӾ޴зʵԵѪɫâеֻСɵذ׵ϣŷǧжЩ
ȻҶС粻׼֣ǣֻȴ׼ŹҶС磬ʲôֻӵĶڣǶѪɫ˸һ˿˷ܣǺԶҶСϵǲ֣Ǽɵٳûж֡
ֱʮ׵ʱವһ¾ʧԭλãҶСȥھ׵ĵط˵ϣĺȻһŵأһԾǰצһѪɫ⣬ҶСı
ҶСһ⣬еݺ˹ȥƴǰֱӴӵԴһ̺
顣һֻ˶ӾͱҶСһӴԴײһϣǿҡҡѾĲµʱӵֻӲУһӾͱһ߸ʬڵľȫˡ
һĻж𾪣ƬһӶ磬˭ǿ˭棬Сע
ﻹ֡ðŷǧ˵һ仰
Ǻǣʵʲôǿʳ˵ֱӵĶࡣҶСǺһЦ졣
Ǽǰţһ·ϲ֪˶ٺƱһҰޣͿһϸľߣٶһĽǮϻǴŴųҰ
ЩҰһҶС뽫ҶС˺һⶼҶСһӴˣЩҰֱľɵˣһѭ磬ٴá
ԼٴһСʱʱ䣬һ·Ҳ֪նɱٵҰޣߵɽû·ǰһұڡ
ǰѾû·ˣǲҴˣûҵɢǹѪɫĸԴڡŷǧҶСʵ
Ӧ·ɣҶСЩȷ˵˫ĿбŷõĹâ˿ܣͲѾɽɽˣǰĻˡ
ҶС彣üһӡ
Ұĵóȥһ飿ŷǧ˵
ҶС˵ͷóһɫƤСԼ16KôСȻݸŷǧ
ŷǧƤȡһԣȻش˿ѯ
ףô£ϲŷǧü˵˼ζûеϡ
ҶСȡֻһֻźŶûУ˵źűˣҵֻûźšҶС˵Ȼ̧ͷ˿ǰұڣҲ֪ô£ܸоǰұЩʵ
ִһ£ȷұڣʵʵڴڵұڡ
Һҵĵ˵ͼҵˣ߹ʱ䣬һ·̣ͼԱһ£Ӧþɽɽˡŷǧ˵˵
ѵЩѪɫǴӵɢģ˼һŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ɽ𣿡ҶСбһƬһ־ͽְڣֻұڳ˲⻹ʯڣһӰʵĻӰұڣֻʱ򣬲ܷǻӰ


352 հ㳡
ȻұڸͲģҵĸоûдұԼ¾ȻͬһüСʯͶƽĺУȦȦƣҶСһϲ
⡭ô£侲ޱȵŷǧҲЩȵ˵˻Ѿ֪ӰȻγʵʣҪߵΪγɴ˵ȻӰ붼룬ҶСҲ
ǽȥɣҶСŤͷ˵ͬʱӹԷУŷǧС֣˾˽ȥ
߽ȥ󣬿ǰľʱ׵ľˡ
һɵĿռ䣬һԲε״壬ûأ֪߼ʣǰһһֹеİʯףʯ׵ľͷһȫɰʯ̳ɵĹ㳡㳡ޱȣ·𿴲ͷֱԼΪʮ׵İʯڹ㳡ǰ棬Ǹ߶Ȳ֪мǧףͿʯˣͺʯ͸Ƭռһ㡣
ʯʮߴʮ׵ľ޴ЩȻףǵȴϸļ̣еβͣ˵ൽ˵ħ
ʮ񶼱޴ޱȵĴɫţһ׷ŭ𣬺Ҫɫ
ȸߴޱȵţʮߴһֹǾӨ͸İףй⻪мλýơ̡ơ졢ࡢɫĹγһԲתֹ
ϸĻͻ֣߲ᷢʵԲתĲЭȱһʲôٰȱٵĶȫĻȱˣγһڰͼһ͡
𺳣зˣ˭ôֱʣйһΰĽ
˼飬̫˸е˼ˡ
Ľʹƽֵ侲ʱҲ˰죬Ȳ˵һ㽨޴ޱȵĹ㳡ֹգһİӾͷƶ˵ġ
ֱ񼣣Ҳ֪ʲô˽ġþŷǧ˵һ仰Ľûдܹݡ
ʱ˵ȻѤҶС֣ûвʲôһ־յڡ
ûиеʲôʣҶСŤͷʵ
ŷǧҡҡͷûУôˣ
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ŷǧһʱоȫһ˳ͷ·ǿռһΪҪľ֮
ûв´Ļռг˱Ϊ߼һ˲Ż᲻ҪŷǧŻ۹˵
ŷǧķҶС۾ɢʶռĹɣȻǸ߼䱾ȴûڵ֮ǿֻܴ֮Ҫʮ
һĳһλҶС
ǧȥҶС綢ǰΰĹ㳡˵Ȼŷǧ̤ʯףڰʯϣûиеʲôͬǲƽһ㣬ûзʲô¹ʣҶС΢΢һ
һһ̤ŰʯǰȥԼʮӵʱ䣬˲̤˾޴Ĺ㳡ϣվڰɫʯ̳ɵĹ㳡ʱᵽʲôư磬ʲôֺ
֮˾ԼСľһֻ϶һˣҶСţ̮Ļռ䶼飬һΧڵĿռҲݣΪޱȵĿռڶ
߰ɣҶС̾һ˵Ҳ֪Լʲôʱ޽չ㳡ľ磬ʥ֮Ҳܹ쵽ɣ
˸ߵ֮ʱŷޱȲõĹâɫĹâʯϣǹڲ鿴˵壬ʱ˶Լ屻ǹ鿴˸ͨ͸ͬԴĻҲǹš
ʱ˵һܶƿռһ㣬Ӷˣǿ˿־壬ǿϢ
ӵʱâɢȥ˵Ҳָ
˲Լͬһ໥һۣЦЦ໥ܲԼЦеĿɬ
⵽ôһ£ŷǧҶСʵ֪ҶС粻֪˳ʳĻлûš
֪أҶСЦһ£Ʋ⣬֤ǵһ㡣


353 Ź
ǹXһɨͿԿ붼֤ݣҲڲ鿴Ƿ̺ĳֶ
ҶСĻŷǧҲ˵ͷ뷨ҶС뷨һ¡
ǲǱ֤ͨˣŷǧʵ
ӦǰɣղҲӦøܵǿ֤ͨĻ»ǹ£ֱӻޣӴҲûˡҶСµ˵
ŷǧͬеĵ˵ͷҶСһۣдЦʵ㻹Ҫҵʲôʱ򣿡
ٺ٣һʲôΣգ㡣ҶСһЦûзſŷǧֱ֣Ħһ£Ȼյøˡ
ϣҶСŷǧ֣ǰȥ˸߳мλúһɾ޴ƥɢ˵ӶŷǧɫʱòҰޱȣûһ˿ѪɫҶСϽһŷǧڡ
ʱŷǧɫźÿ˺ܶࡣ
ҶС羪ߴ¥һ͵ܹоǹƻֻɢһ֣ȫɢĻ˵ᱻѹ⽴
ЩɫԵʣûǵϵɢҶСһɢ˵ƣҪЩĴڵĻ֪жôĿֲ
ҶСתŷǧںԼڽһѭ˼ǰԶ㳡ʱ;ùޱȣվǰʱֹ
һǰߣҶСһͷǸߴޱȵĵÿһ񶼿̵˾̾ߵļգͬʱҶСҲЩӣһһ˧ӣӱϳһԿĳ򣬼ͻڹ𣬻һͷϳһΪĶǣ֮ЩأҲ֪Ǹʲô̵ġ
˶ʮӵʱ䣬߹ʮ˾޴ΰһŸǰ
Ÿò񻰹д˵ŰɣŷǧӴţЦ˵
㻹룬еЩ飬ҲţʹУŶӦϣⲻ޵Ŀռ䡣ҶСЦЦ˵
ô죿Ҫȥ𣿡ŷǧҶСѯʣѵ㻹ɣ
ҶС翴˿ߴΰľӨ͸İʯţ˵ͷ
Ƶöôʯţŷǧǻ֮ɫĿҶҶС磬ҶСʵУʵ̫ˣֱͬɽ壬һ˭ܽɽֿҲֻʥ֮ĸֲǿõɣ
һô֪˻ϣһϣûСҶС˵Ȼ󣬷ſŷǧȻС֣Ⱦ޴ƥš
ҶСſŷǧֺŷǧзһ˿ɫڻЩϰߣÿյġ
ߵǰҶС˫֣һϣƶǾӨ͸ŸûжͻȻ䣬ֻ޴־޴ɵİ뾶ΪʮԲ̣תϷһ⻪һɾ޴ϱų
ҶСֱӱǹײķ˳ȥݺݵ˶ʮ⣬ŷǧϽ˹ȥҶСҶСѪĵʵôܵزأ
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ת˼Ȧڵ޸һ±˵ڸһϵƾȫˣҶСһ˾ţתţʱֻڵŴӿȥҲƺҪȥˣҶСϽ֪ͣҪĻҪڲˡ
ǧҵȥķˡҶСһĨϲɫŤͷ˵
ŷǧ˹ɻĿҶС硣
ҶСЦһ£С֣ϣתУһɾ޴˲˽ȥ㳡һҲûˡ
ʱתֻǰ׹һͳһİĻУܵƬռга֮ۻ֮ҶСϽתó˰ʹЩۻ֮ܽŷǧڡ
ռЩۻ֮·ĶУûбֳѪɫɫ
һΪĿռ䣬涼ɽˮҺɫ޴ŻǰһԼɵʯſſӳ¾ɣµĻƣʯſһңдɭɭѪɫ֣Źء


354 ˰
Źأഫ˼ڤһذĽ紦ǽڤıؾؿʮ˸ͰŵСأ䱸ɭϡͭǽڡβƣ˭ﶼҪܼ飬Ƿ֤ͨҲǴ˵еĽ
ڤƾ֤ߵļߺרŵĻֽɵġ
ǣǰŹȴʹ˵еĲһûйҲûŵСֻйһ޴ſſŵİ죬·մȾѪҺ
ŹأôйŹأѵڤ粻ɣҶС˵
ǰ֪йŹأ֪ˣԭŹӡŷǧǰſһ˿ɫ
̤ŻҺɫĵǰȥŹǰȴŹͨһ֮أһƬ磬˿С
ϸŹ֮ʱſΪҰɫմȾһЩɫѪ
ףôſ˵Ĺͷĥɵġŷǧüſ˵
˵ĹͷҶСɻĿŷǧûдſϿ˹ͷӣЩһЩʯҵˮҶСҲûСϾֻУȻܼ򵥡
㿴ſ״ǲǣǻƣ˵ϥǣ˵ϥǾĥԺ󣬾ͻӣٿ棬Щſĵ̣߹Ǵĥģ˵ǿǲǿӿݵģЩ͹ƽ
šҶС̧ͷ˿ǿҹ治ƽǱʲôôܶһ㣬ѵҲĹͷĥɵģ
ǣͷǹǴĥġŷǧص˵
ҶС粻һٶʮƽͷǹǲжҪٸͷǹǲܴĥɰοͨ˵ͷǹǸ;µʴʱʣſɫǧʱ䣬ͨ˵ĹͷĻ綼绯˻ңٶҪ쾳еĸֵĹͷЩȫʥֵ֮Ĺͷ
ŷǧСҶСұ˼ſǰһ¡
Ȼ䣬ſ򷢳ҫ۵İ׹ſþӨǲҰȫʧǿеĳſγɵģϸĻӨ͸ſлڲһĶдɫĹâת
ſɢ貰׹֮ʱһɺƴУȻ֮ƴſϷΧĿռ䶼һ
ҶС𾪣ղŽʱѾĿռ伫Ϊȶ֮Ŀռ䲻֪Ҫȶٱȫдһȭ¿ռһı仯ûС
ǽȥɣҶСӵ˵
ŷǧҲޱȵĿſСĻ˵ͷ͸ҶС紩Źأ˴һ͸ĹĻд˹ȥ˻һĿռ䡣
ͻȻ䣬ɵĻɢȥһԼס֪ͷĻ·ǰ·䳤ʺʶ䣬ޱߣ̳һƬɫĵ̺
ʻѪҶƬ굹ΣչԵ岨״ޱȡ
˿ǰһĻʱˡ
ѵ·ǻȪ·ЩʺʻǱ˰ŷǧ૵˵ǻ۵Ĺâʧˣʣϲã˵
˰ϣȪ·ԣ𣬿һǧ꣬һǧ꣬ʱҶӣҶʱҶ鲻ΪԵעǻȪ·Ψһķ羰ɫʡ
˼߹һ·ǰһжὥڱ˰
ţʵ˰֣һΪѩɫ޻ʢ֮·һΪѪ𣬽ɳڻȪ֮;
ʱҶСҲΪĲƽѵڤĴڲɣ
ŹءȪ·˰Щ񻰴˵еĶȻȫѵ˵滹ӡʯκšš̨Щɣ
ͻȻ䣬˰̣֯ĽǣƵĳ䣬̫ƽ
ѵڤڲɣ̵ĽʶڤҪȻ֯ôΪ壬ҶСзˡ
⵽ôһ£񻰹£ʵڣЩһЩ񻰹¹ģЩеͷ۲ѡ
ȻڼЩеĶǣȴ͹żĲ𣬱磬ǸŹأͲһлȪ·ҲͬţȪ·ȫ²ܽڤ硢ϲطĹ»ҰǣǰȪ·ϣյʲôûУֻˡ


355 ŭ
ЩĺҶΪͬƺЩ̡ŷǧЩʺı˰̾һ䡣
ҶС㶵Ŀŷǧû뵽һ˳ᢡŷǧҲƸС
쵽ҶСĿ⣬ŷǧŤͷһЦ˵ôǲЩ⣿ҲһŮˣƸŮ˵ԡ
ǰŷǧҲǸŮˣܶʱҶС綼ǻòһŮˡ
ʱŷǧҶСгԼС֣Ȼ֣߳ҶСȥǣûʲô£Ҳ֣ȻȻۻ֮ĴڣǣЩۻ֮ȴûа֮ûʲôΣΪǱ
ŷǧӻ·߽˱˰Уһ̤ȥŵһ˵㣬˿ûע⵽Χλϵ˼Һ壬ĽϣȻƤ˽ȥ
ͻȻ䣬Ȫ·ϵľͷһźźƮ˹ҶСĿϸȥʲôĺɫӰѵǻȪ·ϵĹ»ҰҶС
һŷǧǰסСһվ˻·ϣҶСûעͬһҺڣûвһ㡣
ôˣŷǧĿҶСʵ
㿴ǰ档ҶСָָǰ˵
ʱЩĺɫӰѾƮ˹ľͺƴ˵лȪ·ϵĹ»Ұһ˷֮ɫ˹
ҶСſ˰׼еʱŷ֪ŶʲôʱѾˣϸĻһ£̤ʯ㳡޴ʯ֮ʱʧԾǸʱʧȥġ
ʱûжʱʧȥģǰĺɫӰһѤĹâзڿ۳һֻ޴ƣץһѺɫӰݺһ
ЩɫӰȻ˹Ľǽз飬ʮɫӰͱץ飬ֱӾͱҶСֻҲ˺ܶࡣ
ȻһӾʮǣЩɫӰʵ̫ˣһӺ꣬ԼңҶС۳Ĵ֣ʱѤޱȣâɣЩɫӰǲ֪˶١
ˣȪ·ѪɫӰǲ١
ȥУʮʱ䣬Ҳȫǣ취ǣҶСһþźɫӰһתܿǵķ
ͻȻ䣬۾һԼһ츳ߣÿһսʱ츳ߵļʹãʵ˷ѡ
ЩɫӰӿӦھһĶĻҲ˵þ֮ȫǣҶСС
Խ۾ӲãʱԺһ춯ĳֶһ㣬һ̣ʮ־ԺС
ŭ񳱣ãиĬ꣬ʮֶʱͱһͼľͼкָԲĺ߶Զ࣬ԣŭ񳱵ľ÷
ԼĪʮеʱ䣬ҶСˣ徭ͼʧˡ
ԼﵽһʱŻһЩµľУҶС
վͼеָʾҶСתڵ֮˫Ŀһɣſųںһŭ񡪡
һŭֵʱһ߲ʹâҶСзƲһһȦȦӣ֮ЩѪɫӰ˲֧飬˹ɹɺɫƮɢڿռС
һ󣬻Ȫ·һɫӰҲûˣҶСɫüΪ԰ףҲ΢΢ҡһ£ղ˲ٵľ
ôҶСӣŷǧϽסҶС壬ҶСһ㣬ǳǻ۹âУ¶ŨŨĵ֮ɫ
û¡ҶСЦЦ˵ſĺɫһȻſһзǿЩӵ׷׽뵽ҶСĿС
ʮʱ䣬ռûһ˿ĺɫ
áƳԱһ㣬ҶСһãŷǧ𾪵ĿҶС硣
Щŷǧ¶ֵıʵ
ǺǣЩǺܴľ壬ܰװ˷ˡҶСһЦ˵Ȼת񹦣ǰĺɫɫ׷ױתΪһֽ뵽ҶСͥЩľɵڣһֽ뵽˵
ҶС԰׵ɫúһͻָ֮ɫУʱڵЩɫűһ룬һδ


356 
֪ͷĻ·ϣҶСĿںֵܲĺɫΪӣǣҪͻƵһ㻹ңң޼ʣƣҪǴͻƵ񹦵һʵʮֹ
ԼӺҶС˫ĿʵԵ߲֮ŷ˲С
ʱЩԾЩĪȣͺһŻȼһ㣬ŻԽԽʢҶСϽȥ鿴ͷԼѪҺжͷ˿Ҫϸĺɫ˿ߣ·߱˰ɫ
ҶСϽתЩ˿ߣһǹɫ˿ߣѪɫ˿ܽУɫȫΪķۺɫȫת֮аȻ䣬ڵаʢŵҶСϽֹͣ
ȻЩɫ˿ߣǣȴңкԼϵŮ˵ĻͲ£ֻǣȴŷǧ
ڵ֮Ի仯Ϊɫ˿УĳӣʱҶСֻεա
ͻȻһ֮дȻʹҶСڵĻȼҶС翴ȥɲŷǧ
ʱŷǧһΣдˮǣҲŤҲɫ˿ߡ
С硭㡭ûʲô취ŷǧ֮ɫʵ
ûСҶСЦҡҡͷŷǧŽ͵ûа취ҵҲ
ŷǧʵĿҶСҲֳһ˿ĺΣЩҶСĻ
˵ֻǣһҶСָֻǸĪĹŷǧƲסԼˣֻѩźһ۲ҶСĲӣסĽҶСŤš
ĽϢתĽҶСĪĴ̼ȻŷǧЩ΢΢ľ£ǴʱرĽ촽˫һ·ڡ
ҶСҲƲסŷǧϵСһ˾ͽ˱˰УֻӶ貵ĹâһƬʻȫ£Ϊ˱֯һźɫĴ̣·һɳ˵˻ɫʻС
ʻ䣬˵϶ΪһɲǼ䣬һƬռеı˰ҡҷŵĸӲãɫʻɢΧγƬƬۺɫķɻ赸
ʱڵЩɫ˿ߴϵëð˳һ𣬾ͺɵĺߡ
ӵһ˲䣬ŷǧԺжĻ棬ҶСеĻ棬һһۿҶСС棬Сʱ򴲣СʱĵƤޱķ֣ڰڵ̯ͷ壬񹦡齨ԼʫһҹͯķʷȵȵһУֻҪҶСԺеĶȫ֪ˡ
ҶСҲһŷǧļͥСҲ֪֪ŷǧϲľڣԼ飬ӱ˵İڲеСȻ߳ӣԾһϵϣɷ衣
˰˰˻յĻ䣬˵ĻҲֻ˶ԷС
˰˰ҶҶעһĲǿ޼ʡɣȵŶɣ˲ճɾ磬İ黹
ʺѪ𣬻ڱ衣
䡢ʱĵҶڼį
ʻţֻΪѰǲ󼰵Ĳ࣬Ҷ䣬ֻΪβ޾ֻأΣȴֻܻңԶı˰
˵ûкǼٵģǧʱŨŨĺڰ˶䡣
ʱʻŵĸӵޣһҡҷʺĻ˶ٵĺɫīһĻͻȻ䣬˼Ӳ̣ɫµ󶶶һ߲Ұ׵ָǴͷһһþʹ˳ô󣬺Ӧһ㡣
һƬһƬزһ߾ô˳ȥ
ޣɼ˰׵ĳ٣ֻҪǹĻǶȡѪľʻĸޣڰ׹УΪǵĿܡ
ʱҶС绹޾ĿУûо쵽Χһб仯
߾չŽӲֱ۾ץȥһЩץ˵һЩץҪ£ΪǵһӣЩɶ˵ı˰Ƶġ


357 ɫ
Щõֱ۸Ҫ˵ʱһһѤȻҶСϷ˰УγһֱԼΪ׵Ĵ롣
ҶСߵֱӱֱ˿еͻȻŷײĹͷȫɢˡ
ɫı˰׵Ϊ˵֮Ըںڰ·ǼҶСϱų˹ֹ֣˱ū۵õĹ˰ɵҡҷγһɫΡ
һ߾öӶֱ۹ҶС֣ʹֹǶѣҲֱܹΪֹ֪ЩҶСûа취ǣ˰ԾūǶ֣͸ǹɢ䡢ѣ·ҶС
ԼʮӵʱѾѻͬСɽһСĹͷѣޱȡ
¡¡һ޴ӹͷɢͷ󶶶һȫɢ˿һأֻһԼɵñ¶˳ȫʺɫŻɫĹâֻɫâһĹͷ£γһʮɴСĺɫãϻŹͷɵսףޱȣɢŽһĹһ֪ˡ
ͷŻʺɫ֯ɵĴϾ˵ˣ̧űĥ̻ҪĺɫͷţҪ˲飬ȵѪŽúɫĻա
ʱҶСһͺ𣬶ŷǧҲһͬʱ˼ֵĸ߷壬ͬʱ״̬˹
ͻȻ䣬ҶСܵһɼΪΣյϢҲ˲úŷǧ´棬˲ŷǧһӣߵȫŷǧϣһõĹâͽŷǧ͵˻Ȫ·ϡ
ΣѾˣҶС綼ûгͷһĳǿӿȣ羪İ
ǣӴӲ羫ֵĶʱɫ˱䣬һɱΪľ˹
䡣޴ƬռС
ҶСֱӾͱһֻŲȵС
ʱȪ·վŷǧеĿһʹ֪һҶСˣҪȻҲۣ֮Ե˵ļ໥ÿ˶ڶԷܿԣڼ乲ʱ˵ľһ𣬿˵ǣԺʹ˵ֻƾ֪ԷʲôѾﵽ໥ͨ߾ˡ
ʱ£ĸҶС磬ͼҶСһѪ⾫ȴҶСסˡ
ڶ룬ҶСƴһĹâɢ۳һѾ޴ĳɢһɰԵҪһеϢ
ơҶСһ߾ٳն˳ȥһõĹâҶСǰЩȫնϣնһ·ǵâȥƲŵϳȥ
޴ĺɫýĿͶŷǧ׼Ҫ߹ʱһҫ۵ĵâӵ˿ͬʱһӰ˳վ˾޴ĺǰʱҶСȫȻЩǰ㣬ͻ͹𣬵ȴΪһУЩܸܵ޴ı
ҶС簲ȫĴӵ³˳ŷǧһ
ҶС翴˿ĺɫһһһԾ𣬺ƴһ㣬Ȼ󣬴ɢâһԼһɵĴ󵶾ƾҶСУֱն¡
ϡ
նںɫĹͷϣһײҶСɫһ䣬û뵽ڸķ˾ˡ
һɾ޴ķ֮ӶԷϴҶСͱ˳ȥ
ŵŵš岽ס壬ۣһѪ˳ڵѪղűһڸڶѪѪûųʱھ޴ķ֮£ڵҹ˳
ȻѪƲء
ˣǿ⻹ôսأҶС
ͻȻ䣬úƬ޼ʵı˰֮ϵֻε˿ǣ
ƶ붼ǺɫźãĻֻҪЩ˰ͳˣҶС
뵽ҶСʶɢͷƬռеˮԵͻأƬռйһ΢һ½˺ܶ౶ŷǧһԼ壬ûд·ϷһƬΡ
ҶСһռˮԵ㰴ձзʽУ˲䣬Ʈѩѩ䵽ɫı˰ϣ˰˲ͱסˣûг೤ʱ䣬ҶСΪķԲʮ֮ڱ˰ȫ˵ܡ
ߴͣ˵ĺɫúû֧һ㣬̮ˣһĹͷ


358 
Щûбĺɫ޴ĺñһѺôĹͷ󣬷ҡҷת˲䣬ͳ˵İǾ޴ĺþ̫ԶˣϵĹͷװ
ҶС翴˿ЩɫôҡҷѾĹͷǲһһʧԭλãŷǧߡ
ҶС壬ŷǧ΢΢һ죬ҶС·˹ȥϽ·ϡ
ҶСͷһεЦЦϽù·ûõӵʱ䣬Ͱ·ȫϣʱЩ֪ôŷģ̌ͷʱŷǧ˫˫ĿзһĹâ·ʲô΢΢̾һ
ôһ£ôɺɫŷǧָЩҡҷĺɫʵڲղ֮䷢Щ¡
кޣоöˣٵ˵Բű˺ɫһһֻأͷǻҶûк޲ŹأҶС˵
Ǻɫĺÿŷǧ˵
ҶСһǿʶɢһİ⣬ΪЩΣӵ޾ֻأһһ
ӵʱ䣬ЩɫֱǣҶСеǿҰ֮лǣȻѾָ˱ɫǣʱ۵Ѫᡣ
ҶС翴˿ʢޱȵı˰ȻĿͶ˳ͷĻ·ŷǧС־ǰȥ
Զ󣬱ĺɫ˶ѩڣǵɫ±˻ɫǶѷŵļΪߴĹͷѣһ󶶶±һ߾ã굽˵¡
˰ʺѪڼįţڵȴе㡣
˰Сʱʱ䣬˳ĻȪ·ǰһƬѾ֮ߣһ硣
ǰȥɢȥǰʮ״һԼʮ׵ĺɫӣ˭ܾһ̶ˮˮϿƮŸࡢ֮
¡¡һ죬ضɽҡǰʮ׵ĺںɫĵѳһڶѷ죬һɫʯð˳ȫð󣬵ѷ£
ʯԼһɶ࣬ʺĴֿϣ
ʱһԶƬռ˷˹Ȫͷת̤κףձ̾عѶϣǰᣬãȻ
г˱˼Ρ
ظһ仰ԽԽе뱯׳
ұʯţûвµĲĻκˡҶСָʮһʯ˵
ŷǧȥǱ߹һʯţѵ񻰴˵еĵظĴԶһۣܸоԷеʡ
߰ɣҶС˵Ȼŷǧʯȥ
ʯſԼңڿԵúխ˹µĻƣаɫİߵ鲼ϣһ֪ʯԶ֪˼ǧ
̤ʯŵʱгŵĺˮðݣƺˮһ㣬ʱκλãһӰͻȻ֣ʣͬ￴УӰűߵһʯһͲ֪ڴʲô
ѵţҶС԰κһ̨̨̨иϸ˽ţ߹Ĺ߻һʯͷʯȵǰȥʯǰǰȻվ̨ϣ硣
ʱʯûţһˣҲûʲǫ̂ʯֻʯһ
źҶСŷǧ˹ȥߵͬλһӰǰЩʵһ£ͨʲôط·
ȻӰϸоȵѪϢǣҶС֪һһ֣֮ԿԷЩãΪԷΧĿռѾŤˡ
ҶСĻӰΧĿһ£ʱҶСſ˶ԷĴ磬һ۰ͷŹʵʵ˿ò
ӰûлشҶСĻеһһָһСĻɫʹеһգ㹳ȡͻȻ䣬һӰɵڴܳԵ
ǣǣҶС羪ˣӰһԴСϺ޵ģβҲë׵ģӵЩɰ
ԴҶС粻ɵ˴峤ǸҶСֻǰֻСһкĹϵ
·Ǿ쵽ҶСٿСҶСһ¼ݡ


359 ħ
ӣԭšںĺˮʱӿһֻ;޴Ұڱڣ쳹ʫʸӵĲԶ
˴ӿĳһֻɿݵľǲһֻ֣ԴмǸԴ
ﲻǸĵطȥɣһɳƵӺ˿˵Ϊƽ˵ֽ㹳ܽ˹ĺɫУڵĺˮʱƽ
ɳƵɿݵָԿԷһŮӣһλܴŮӣĳ
̣ǴһЩʧˣҪȥǰ濴ҶС繧˵ûҶС磬û˵Ļһ㡣
ûҪ˵˼ҶСŷǧС֣ǰȥ
κŶ԰һ֪жĺںɫɽͣӿͷʲ֪ɣɽһŻ˵Ż˵ǹұڣֻһΪ޽Ĺȴûд֡
ŻԼĪ׸ףɽ˵СĿĽṹͬһֻ޴ĹſͣﶼЩӡ
˴κʱһϢĿֲϢɽϴ˵Ǵɽϴ˵ǴǵŻϴ˳
澿ʲôôôĿֲҶСʱһľĸо·ǵһֻħ
ԽǰߣϵѹԽǸе޴ҶСŤͷһߵŷǧɫҰףͷ϶˺顣
ҶСǸĿϬ֮£ŷǧҲŤͷҡҡͷ˼Լû£һһѤĹâҶСɢУʱŷǧоԼ˺ܶ࣬ҶСмЦһ¡
ҶСȫɢŲӹâһ˲䣬κϣʯϱĿĺˣһ£˫ĿȻɫâųģǰĿռһӱĿⶴȭͷСĺڶһɾǿзŵĺɫˮͻȻɸߵ˳ˮҪ˺ڶС
˸ɿݵִӺǰһĨڶʱʧ߸ߵε£ָֻƽûһ˿ĲƸղŶǻþ
֮ɫֲߵһӵ˫۸̺Ƭǿգ죬վеĵͻΪıɫâڡ
תǸʯʿȥֻʯʱ淺ȦȦͱޱȣӳϣ׸Ͳ֮ܳΪ˵ףͺһͷһƤֲޱȣһƸĶҪ˵İ׷Ӻ͸˳
֪Ƿ񻹻ǵǸǱŮţյ㣬ǲǲԸ⸱ģ˵бɫâҫɫĳ޷Թģɿݵͬһ֣ʱԲư״жΣԲϸ壬һڣҲͷϵʧˣһգҶü˵ĿСɵǣĽһżµջ
͵Ҳͦǰĸɱ񣬺Ƴ򣬱øͦһһ꽫Ҫ̫תۼͱһ˷Ů
Ťͷ˿ӱʢı˰һƬã̾һ˵һǧꡣ
ʱҶСѾߵǵŻʮ֮
غ𡭡ͻȻ䣬һɾ޴ĺǵŻͬӿҶСϽŷǧ
ϵ£ͺǿЦĭһͿԴƣ飬ҶСɫһ˿˳ҶСϣҶСһѪҺŷǧҲһĲҰףȴû³Ѫ
ֻһҶСˡ
áʱ·ڹȥеĺŮӣɫһ䣬һ˲ʧҶСߣƴԽʱռơ
ʱǵŻϵ˲ƣһֻ޴ޱѪɫľִǵŻ˳ǵŻϱӲӵĴ֣ħ
Ѫɫð̣һҽ洫˳ܺʹֻֻûзҶС³ѪӺںɫƮһѪַֻȥ
ŮĿһɣֻӶһΪҫ۵ıɫâӳ˲նֻ޴Ѫɫֱۣͬʱһֻ̽ǵŻѪξͷ˻УɫâһǵѪҺʧޡ
𡭡ǵŻдһʷŭ


360 ҹѪ֮ɭ
ʱһӰӺŮӿзɳȫë׵ģÿ֮ԴôúܱŤһĺ⣬ĵЩ΢΢ĺ⡣
СվǵŻǰ棬ֻɵԲԲģźһ쳹ռ䡣
ǵдʧˣӲӵħҲʧˣƺǵһ
ǸСĽҶСЩ˼ĿֻСĽʹҹʱַһģһҶСұ֤СһԾͶǴ峤˵Ĺޡ
л̡ȡҶС׼̣ȴͻȻֶԷһһٰʮȵĴת䣬ֻɿݵѾԲˣòҲֻжʮ꣬Ͻ˿ڡ
ҽ㣿ŮЩĹâԺͽҽɣ
Ů˵꣬ĳһӶһ̵ĹâˣоΧĿռŤɫâʧ˷ԼѾվκˣֱ֮һֶΡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱҲֶΣҶС
磬Ҳܹ˲ơ·ǿҶС˼Ůӵ˵
㣬ʲôޣҶСЩµĿһǵŻʵղĹ޽ƾˣ˵ֱӳˣǹ޵Ϊʥɣ
Щ鲻ڵܹ֪ģΣѾˣǻǾ뿪ɣŮ˵
㣬һ£ľڤ𣿡ҶСЩãʵǺŷǧһѰǸҰ޺ʧٵĴģȴû뵽Ȼ񻰹еĵطŹءȪ·˰ӡκţЩڣкɻ֪ЩĻõġ
ǵǣòǣͲǡŮӸҶСһģɵĻش𣬡ʲôҪûеĻǾͻȥɣ
㣬ǴҹʱֲֳĽҴö˶ʧˣ˵һԴĹ޵ĽǲҶСָŲ֪ʲôʱѾܵ˺ŮӻгԴȫë׵С˵
󣬺Ůһ㶣ĿͶ˻еССԴͬʱҶСֳһڰɭɭķݣȻԴСӷ˴ı顣
ǴĽȷģЩ˵ʧԭģǱһЩаʶҪǲɱǵĻǵĴӶ˼Ůӽ͵
һЩɽûлͺʧˣ֪ûУҶСʵ
ǶҹѪ֮ɭУҹѪ֮ɭκǰߵģΪӡǵŵÿһʱΣܶ࣬ɢа֮Ӱ쵽˿ռı䶯ҹѪ֮ɭռͶ棬ǵŵķӡŮ˵ȻĿͶҶСϣзһĨ⡣
Ҳ˵ӡӹ̵ĻҹѪ֮ɭͻ»صκǰ棬Žʱŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ŮŤͷŷǧĿһ˿ȣһ˿û뵽ҶС߻һˣҿ൱ǻۣ˵ͷ˵ǵģЩ˲ǾûУͲö֪ˡ
Ҫôǵӡǿ
ڵ̫ˣûôģҺú롣Ůӿ˿ҶС˵Ҷü΢΢һ˼
ͻȻ䣬۾һ̽һıɫâз۳һֻ֣ƾһץŵĺˮץ˾޴ıɫУɫ˿ߴֻзɫĺˮΧסʹγһΣֱҲʮףǸˮԽԽСƹСâһɫâĺɫСͳŮУ䣬ҶСܿĶ
һһ죡Ůתתƹһĺˮ˵Ȼ󽫺˹ȥѵСһ㣬صġ
ҶС˵ͷӹˮ򣬺ŮӸսˮŵҶСУҶСɫ˲һ㣬첲׹׹
ءҶС罫ǸɫСȺ˵ҲǣŮӿ˺ܶĺˮƶأȻıˣǣȴ䡣
ԿʼˡŮ˵ȻһָֻԲ޳е֣˼ҶС


361 ռŤ
ŮǺиһָҶСŤͷ˿ŷǧıûʲô仯ȻͽŮӵڴС
Ůӵָ޹ǣƤ⻬ֱʮ㣬ҶСŵӣ̲סаĺûָмѣϵļҲȻ
ûУ˾͸ϽְɣŮӿҶС絭˵ЩЦ⣬û뵽һﾹȻô󵨣ҵĶҳԣ
ŷǧЩȵؿҶС磬Ҳô⣬ѾҶСļȫˣҶСļо֪ҶСһɫˣʱȴܵС˵ĽѩʱʵҲҶС絨СĽѩĺء
áҶСεЦЦ˵Ȼתžˮ̺ɷɷҲ֮һ֣ɷΪսתһȦɷͱˡ
һɫҶС뵽˺ŮӵڣҶС籣һƽ⣬ٶȺٶͬ
Լӵʱ䣬Ů˫ĿһƬѤĹʣϷƬ˵죬һֻֻӶһһƥӶɫĹâ֮ҶС緢Ĳ֪Ҫʮ
ƥֱǵƽŻɲǼ䣬ŻֳָӲӵĴ֣ħ
ɫĹâֱħУıԵһ㵭Ųʣ޴ĺ洫˳˵ĹĤЩۣһ㵭ı̵ĹâӺŮϷҶСŷǧУ˶εľ𶯡
ҶСӵĲöĿ˵ǰħֻǹŰӲֻ֣ܷ⣬ôħֺһ㣬˿˿ɫߣֱͬһ
ϱҵĻ㾦֮ͬЧȻɮֻǵһֻ۾ǽϵ˹죬ǣҲһɡ
ʱţڴԽԽСˣħ֮ͬϵŲֵıԵֿӵĸУϵϣйаֵζ
Լ˶ʮҵʱ䣬ռͻȻ䶶Ůһ˿ɫеȸղŻҪҫʮֹȥ󣬱ͣŤͷҶС˵ˣֹͣˡ
ҶСֹͣŮһɫЩ΢΢ĲҰףȻڵûжٺ𣬵Ǿȴ˺ܶ࣬ҲҿҶС񹦵໥ת϶Ϊһĵزתһ죬ָ˺̧ܶ࣬ͷͿȥ
ǵޱȵƥ뵽ħڵʱͬɫѣʧˣŻУĲĺ׵ʧˣҶСá
ʱκɽ֮Ŀռ䶯ȦȦȻҶСλõǵŻֻжףǣʱȴͬģһӶ߲ǵŻһ㣬ʱмһռ䡣
ͻȻ䣬ǰΡ롢ƴɽͽСǱССֻ۾ĴʵǾԶѾѾǵŻʱһΪСɭӰƾճУӰŴ󣬳ʮӵʱ䣬һӰһɭ־ͳκǰʮ״ɭֵӰҶСŷǧ߹ƬѪɫɭ֡
ղɭֵӰСʱҶСҵ߹·ߡ
ռ翵ɭڳһƬɭ֣Ҳ˵ɽϵƬѪɫɭʧ˳
ĿռȶһĻҶС֣һΧڵĿռ侹ȻŤһطʵ̫˼ˣ漰ռ̫ˣĿѧͽͲ壬Ҳֻа˹̹Ķ۽
øе֣ΪһľͿԼյһƬռŤͶڵĵطúɣ̫ƽ˼ˣҪȻʱħУôֵסأŮ˵ɫ
֧ܶһʱɣҶСֻǱһ˿ϣû뵽ĳɹˡ
㣬ǲĶǵŷⲻסҶСʵ
ⲻ˶ðЩڲĵģҪӿŮ˵
ҶС˵ͷЩ΢΢ʧҲ֪ԼΪ̫ͣûʸ֪ЩҲûʡ


362 ռָӰ
ҶСλĿռ֮ʣɽϣѪɫɭӵĵطĿռҲɽɽųҷɣڶҰҲֵܣеҰһͷײ˹ϵľϣʱĻǡһĺ塣
ɽϣеĶﶼֲäĿţƵĩսٻ߷˴ʱ
ʱѾǵڶ賿ˣɽ£פ˺ܶľ죬ÿ˶ǹҩȫװԴ賿˴Ǿһֻפʱ򣬻ɳһɻӵĳԱȥ鿴иֱѲӣǣҲûҵʧٵˣʲôͱҰޡ
ûҵʧٵˣλʧ˶ʮˣҹ涨ʱڣûм˻ʶɽʲôˡ
һʱҲûʲôõķֻｹĵȴһ˵ϾܹЩȫ
Ѿ賿ʱ䣬ûгǸԴҰޣѲߵľ춼Щˡ
Ǹ˵ĻҲţ˵ֻһʮģҶҹʱ֣ڶˣûУǵġһλЩֵ˱Թ˵Ҳʮҡ
ͱԹˣСĵΪϣҪǳʲôӣôӳοûҰޣҲܴӾһλ߸ݵľ˵Ϻ࣬ʼɢžĹâһ֪ǸԹ渺ĺþ졣
˵ҶףҲǱԹһ¶ѡ־ƲƲ˵ͻȻ뵽ʲô۾һ˵˵ûȥӶͷѲ߹
йôˣݵᾯɻʵ
֪֪ǸѸ
˵Ǹ˸սɷˡ˵ţݵľЩ֮ɫ
ó㣬ܶӰǶȲҪȢôƯжð־Щ̰֮ɫ
ɴȢ˵ˣҲ鲻ҲǸ
٣㻹˵Ǹ⣬ȥô˸ϴϡ־еʱɽϴҰ޵ĺݵĽﶼܸо˻Ρ
£ѵǵ𣿡˲ͦúɽķѲߵУֻ˾ɽɽ𶯣˸ܵС
ߣϽȥӳݵ˵˸Ͻפĵطܳ
פĵطɽЩ룬ܾ벻Զֻ޵Ľȴûиܵ𶯡
Ϊжָӣ̷ҫµıе˼ԲӦ䡣
ѪɫУһȺ˫Ŀзźˣǵ˴ţǴʧٵĴ;죬ʱѾѪɫӰľЩңǷһ㣬ֻս·һֹĴš
ѾһʱˣǺûо쵽ƣһ㣬һս
ʱĻڱ仯һѪɫĹɭУһľ־޴ֵɭУأֽȻͬĻͬʱЩΧһվɭУƶԼľˣ˸еΪĲ˼顣
Ƭ̺Ѫɫɭʵ˸˼£Ȼʧˡ
ѪɫɭΪռŤͶӰɽϡ˵ڿռĿٳһռ䣬ѪɫɭֲڿٳĿռУѪɫɭִԭƬطɭֵλãԵĽԭɭּռ䡣
ÿռ䶫޸ܣѪɫָԭĿռ󣬱ȥɭҲͷ˻
ռ䳹׵ȹɽҲʱЩŵҰҲƽղŵһоͺΡ
ɽ¼ԭشľһɻĿɽķѶղɽķ΢ĵ
ʮӵʱ䣬ɽʲô̷ҫֻҪþǷصԵĸλϣʵ֪ɽһʲô£ΪɽϺΣգûɳȥ鿴׼糿һԱɽ鿴Σ׼ǽȥ߼豸ͷ
ʹʲô£Ҳܾ˽֪µԭһͿΪһжˡ
㻹ûҵ֣ʱκϣŮӿҶСʵ
Լ˼ҵ֣ҶСſ֣˼ЦЦ
뿪ɣŮ˵һɫĹâɢ˰УûиоɫâʧѾ˹Ź֮ǰ
סһҪúˡŮӽҶСŷǧ͵ŹǰȻ̹һʧˡ


363 ˵ĵ
Ůӹâһ˲ʧˣҶСЩȻʧЩĽ
ѾˣˡʱŷǧƽûֳԴ׵ҶСЩ΢΢ʧ
ǺǣֻǾһΪܿ£ЩĽҲ֪ʲôʱ־硣ҶС͵ŷǧ롣
ûʲô˼òŽ͵ģʱ򣬹ĽҲһΡŷǧдЦĿҶС硣
ҶСεЦЦȷһִ˵˼
߰ɣҶСȻ󣬺ȻŷǧСְԭ·أŷǧҲûзԣҶСԼС֡
âһ˾ͳǸ㳡Ⱦ޴ǰߵЩʱ򣬲֪ô£ҶСоʮǻ
˱뿪ռ䣬վɽ֮ϣɽɽҶСŤͷһǽڻʱһһȥʱʱԽȥ
ʱǰɭֺʱȻͬľߴ죬ȻҲïʢǣûյĸо̧ͷܿ⣬ʱѾ峿ˡ
ŷǧ󣬳ĳһзĳְĿռУоѹ֣ܱպܳأЩоȫûˣһɡ
ҪЩʧٵ˴񣿡ŷǧҶСʵ
ţȻҹѪ֮ɭѾʧˣǾɣҶС˵ͷŷǧС֣Сһƴһң֦ڸߴͦεľϱУͬʱʶȫչ
ҪŵɭѰҵˣƽĻҲҪʱ䣬ҶСҲѰ˷ʱ䣬ֻ˵ķ
ףǱдǹȥԼѰʮӵʱ䣬ҶСеĴ˹ˣԻеŷǧ˵Ȼ˳ȥ
˲ʮ룬ҶС˹ȥֻжʮ˻սһǺ⣬Χ˭Ͷ˭֣ҲҿûҪȻҪֳˣˣѾһ˿ЩϢˡ͸֧š
ҶСɢʶȫУһһѤĹâҶСɢ˵Щ˵ڣеۻ֮
ǻǴȥɣҪȻһ˺󣬾Ͳýˡŷǧ˵ҶСһ˾ʹӸ߸ߵ֦ΧѤâƣͺ·һ㡣
һЩеĺʧˣڵۻ֮ȫҶС緢ѤâˣЩâҶСڡ
ʱһһа޹⣬һ£Ǵһʱ䣬ʹһЩ߶ѣ˵ˡ
ڵϵʱȫ˯ˣһףǾжôۡ
ǧ鿴һ£ڵλãʮˣǿŪȥǽɽµľͬ־ɣҶС˵Ȼȡ£ЩóʼǱһûˤһǸռҲǱɹΣΨֽŪˡ
ŷǧԴ򿪲鿴ҶСóԼֻ׼绰һʱЩԾѾˣǣǸռУֻоһҹѵռʱһҶСɣЩӰ쵽ʱ䡣
ҶĿĵ绰룬ཱུһ󣬾ͽͨˣι˭绰е͸¶ƣ
ҶСЩᣬ֪ĸһΪĵҪһ֣С磬ҺǧˣһͻߵʱЩæˡ
С磬㡭ˣҶĿЩЩϲá
ʲôС磿һӵ绰дҶСóԼЩ
С磬ܵȥˣߵʱҲ˵һҪǳʲô£ôأĻ֪绰ҶСʱҶĿȥ˵绰Ǿϲġ𱸣˵Ȼ
裬ޣⲻǺúõԺȥʱ򣬸˵һ»𣿡ҶС簲οԼĸס
㣬ͱˣСڲһ¶û𣿡
裬ˣûµġ绰дɺС鷳
һƽˣʵС磬
ĬƬҶС绹׼ʵĻشԼĸȥҵЩʧٵ˵¸ɽµľ졣
ɽ
ʲôɽ˳Щż
裬ģӺúõģһ鶼ûУǴʧٵˣǶεˣѸ߾һǸҴ绰ҶС˵
ɽûг£Щĵʵ
Ȼû£ҵµ𣿡
Ŷǧأǳʲô𣿡ͻȻŷǧЩĵʵϱرġ


364 쵽
ǧû£أ˵˵ҶСԼĸ׷ģ˵꣬ͽֻڲѯھλõŷǧߡ
̣û£õģһͻŷǧ˵
û¾ͺãõĹŮСһܿˣһ᲻ѵŷǧ˲٣ʱղŶӸ˵ɽЩʧٵĴ񣬡С磬ȵȣоͬ־ȥ;ͬ־˵˵󣬸ϽҪٴɽˡ
õģ衣ҶС˵ӵ绰Լĸں죬һѵоڼﲻɣ¾ŷǧǻҲ벻ȫ˴Ӷͷ
ιãǵһС鳤˵ɽҷʧٵĴ񣿡ʱһӵ绰д˳
ǵģѾ˯ȥˣ̫ɵģҽʱҽԱҶС˵
ܸܲڵλãʵ
áҶСӦһ䣬ȻתͷŷǧʱŷǧѾӵϲλãҶС˵һȺγȣҶС罫ֱ˹ȥ
лл㣬ҶСͬ־ɽҰޣϣ㲻Ҫ߶ⱻҰ˺ˣһ±ȥλͬ־˵ĻУԿԷͦ˵ġ
ҶСٺԼĸס׻ҶĻһҸ˵˼仰󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
ǼһǸǶرĹ㡣ŷǧϵԿ˵
ҶСӹԣУЦЦ˵Ҽ˶Ҳܹĵģ㶼ȶҺãѾ㵱Լˡ
Լˣ֪жԼˣĽѩʫͯôкøеˣԼҲ̫˰ɣŷǧϴЦ⿴ҶС˵Щ΢΢ĲѾҶСļȫˣ֪ҶСһУҶСߵЩŮˣȻҲ֪
ôԴˣҶСٺһЦŵӽŷǧ˻У˵һħצֲŷǧĵʹ˫֣ȻҶСһۡ
ŷǧǻ۵ĹâҶСεЦЦûٶֶš
ʱɽ£һϵ̷ҫڴʱڵһ˯ˣһ绰ӦĽ˵绰绰ǸղŸҶС˵ġ
ҶСղ˵£ȫ̷ҫ̷ҫ񵱼ʱѾڵɽѰĸСӴ˵绰ǵĵص㣬ǸϽȥˡ
˲ƣûϴϽ绰ҽԺҽϽǵһλ
ҶС籧ŷǧһôϣȴЩĵת޸ơ
ͻȻ˫Ŀâųǰ˵ǵĶ죬Ѿˣȥɣ
ŷǧҶСһۣղҶСһϣܿɭеľ£ûͬ⣬վͦõģķЧҶСӲ֦ϣûйʮӵʱ䣬ҪȥʵЩԡ
˵Ʒз£һ䣬ŷǧԶзݱ𣬱֪ЩѾˡ
Լӵʱ䣬ʮԲʷֳǹ֧ϻżͲʵľ˹ǵĽŲᣬнΪѸ١
ҶСŷǧʱһĿһѾѵ˹Щ֮ɫ˵ҶСɣлṩҪ鱨
ȻһֻϼĴ֡
лҶСҲ֣˵һҶСоԷڼƼԼһŮӾȻɭĺúõģ֡
ҶС²ģ¶һ˿֮ɫʱѾ߷ֵˣǣԷȻһ¶ûУҪ֪˿־ٮٮߣܺ߳ɵ־൱ѾͨԱˮ׼ˣʵЩ⡣
쵽ûеԷļޣټɵԷıȻܵȻк𾪣һͨũСӾȻô־ʵҲ̫˰ɣ
û뵽ܵһҶС羹Ȼô𾪣ֵ𾪡
˵ı飬ҶСЦЦ֪һ㶼ǱȽǿߵģסԷ֣Ҳһֵֻ˲䣬ͷ˿ˣ˵ɫһ䣬ͷðһºˮǾ֣ղһ˲䣬ԷϴһԨƺǹܽ£µ˲
ûʲôµĻҾɽˡҶС˵
ʶĵ˵ͷƬɭкҲżȻ
ҶС˵˵ͷкȻͺŷǧɽȥ


365 ĸ
ɽɽ£һǹ֧һľͬ־פӪѲߣĲܿǶ潻ӡ
Ҳɲǲӣ챻Ұ˵죬Ѿ˹岢ûʲô󰭣ֻʱЩ΢Ժҽ˵˿ֲĴֻ̼ҪһʱͻãһЩͬ»쵼ҽԺ̽ǵĲ飬һһӹ򣬶ǣһϵ׼ʲôֲĶ
λͬĹӺжˣҽԺһʮʮ٣ÿ˶֪ɽпֲޱȵĹޣѲߵʱǸΨΪһʱĴ⣬ùܳʱ򣬲ǻܵ˺Լͬ¡ϰգҲܵ˺
ȫ䱸жһľߵɽɽ·ʱͻȻïӲݴӰ˹Ϊ׵һ죬Ͻγǹ֧ȵ
Ļ䣬˶һ˲γǹ֧ڶǹڶӰӣжЩ΢΢ţ۾һգգĿǰֻҪӰʲôޣһԥĿǹ
ڣӰ¶ݣһŮïܵĲݴߵ˱̤С·ϡ
ˣǶһеⲻȫ߻𣬻ǷǹбȽϰȫ
ôˣôɽΪ׵һ춢ҶСʵ
ǰɽЩҪ죬ڰˣȻҪɽˡҶС粻˵
˻ǸȥǶӳɣ˼һ˵˾䣬ȻŤͷҴȥӳǼѲߡ
ǣ鳤˵
ߡ쿴һ˾פӪȥԹ൱ĸ
ҶС˵ͷͺŷǧ
פĿյϣ̷ҫһ߳һ߿ɽЩ޲Щʧ˵ˣ˽һɽʧٵԭֳǹ֧ѵصľ춼ɽʧ٣˵ɽܲ򵥣бҪһ¡
ʱͻȻµһ˹ʶϼŷǧҶС磬ʱˣЩʧٵˡ
ŷС㣬Ҷֵܡûе߹̷ҫӭ˹ȥ
ҶСŷǧ˹ľӳ˶ˣЩȣѸ׼̷ҫ㱨ʱӳƺ󣬱㾴һ񣬾תȥ
лŷСҶֵɽҵʧٵˡ̷ҫܸл˵
̷ʵ̫ˣЩ鶼Ӧġŷǧ˵
˼䣬̷ҫ⣬ôЩʧٵ˵ģɽϵʲôûмֻ޵ȵһϵе⡣
ҶСĽǣɽһصĴųֻҪ뵽ض˶ᱻִųӰ죬ңң໥֣Щʧ˵ʱЩ˻ʮ㣬ҰһţȻĴųʧˣЩ˶˹Ϊ͸֧̫赹ˡ
˽뵽ռ䣬˴˵еĹŹءȪ·ȵȵЩһ˿û͸¶ҶС缰ʱ˵ȥˣҲû˻ţϾ̫ˡ
ҶСĽͺ̷ҫ˿ҲûʲôҶСҲŷǧôǵܷ½ɽģûȥʣΪ֪ʹȥҲʲʲô
˽̸ʮӺȻ˹ҶСŷǧҪߣ̷ҫ˵ͷ죬͵ͷĳ
Ӷͷĳ˼ʮÿסһ콫ҶСŷǧֱӴ˱ΪʮǰȻˡ
ΪʮҶСһӺӨס񣬱׼ӨĹһסģǣλ˶ӨƺЩɼԸʹסһС
磿㣬ǻˡҶСŷǧ˽ȥӨһҶվͿˣ˷ܵؽ˹ȥ
Ө̧ͷȥҶСˣһϲҶСߵŷǧʱЩȻ
С硭˼Ứ
֣裬ԲǵˡҶСһǸ˵
С磬ܵɽʲôȥˣղŻһӵͻȻʵҪҶСúýһ£ҪȻ˭֪Ժ󻹻᲻һֽˡ
ЩҪȥ졣ԼĸЩˣҶСϽ͵
£ȸ˵һο£һȥͿˣΪʲôҪǧأ𱸵


366 Ůͬ
㣬СǧѾˣͲҪˡ˹˵ҶС˵źûʱҶĿҲ˹οѾȫĻˣͲҪˡ
裬εȷн飬ûи˵һβʲôҶ˵ġҶСϽ˵֪ĸǵԼΣԼġ
ðɣҾͲ׷ˣ´Σͷڼһ£ȥ
֪ˣ衣
ҶСĻϹҳһ˿ЦݣȻȥˣҲȥˣں³ʲô£ÿһ˳Էʱܻؼ⣬ʱ䶼˯Ҳ
ںܼ򵥣֧żªĴ󴲣мλŷεСӣΧСʣЩھͬ´Ӽġ
ҶĿֵܺҶСһᣬҶСȥɽʲôȥˣҶС˵£ڵʲô£ҶСû˵Ҳûȥʣ֪ҶС粻֪ҶĿҶСԺҪȥΣյĵط
ҶСͷӦЩģҶĿҶĻȥˣҪȥϹҡ
գôˣҶպӨŷǧ˵ЦҶСʵ
ߣƭˣǸƭӡҶС첻˵ҶСһۡ
磬ôƭˣҶСЦ˵ĿʱʱӨû˲٣˵ĿУǹЩΪûϢãҲǵԼɣҶС
ƭˣǿ˵˵ģȥʲôطҪҵģôûдңС鷳ҶСʵҶСһĽ͡
ʵм£ǸʱѾǰҹˣǼҵŶˣôȥ㣿οɽǺΣյģбϻҪӣһھͰһֱҰ̵˶СҶС˵˵ŻС鷳
˭֪С鷳ûк£Ϸ¶˷֮ɫҶСĸ첲˵磬˵ʲôʱȥһɽҲ뿴Ұӡ
ҶСһС鷳ҶС粻شҡҶСĸ첲󣬻ӨŷǧȰ˵£С鷳ûھ飬ҶСȴС鷳˴ƭӵĳƺš
ʱɽɽ£ɳȥɽѰʧ˵ķɻȫع飬δһˣЩ˹ȥĴ;춼̧˾Ȼȼһ´ûж⣬۹ȣ͸֧˻ʣ󣬾ȻǶϵҽԺܽһļ顣
ΣɽѰҵʧжʮڻȱˣЩѾˣΪֳһЩ
ڹ޵飬ûаüĿһʱˣδ֣ȻҴ⣬ѲߵķΧˣһҪץסǸޣһǲù޻񣬶ǣһҪץסޣоһ¹޵Ļṹṹȵȡ
Ҫֻ֪һֲĴڣһֻʱ֪ôĸ룬»һʱ䳷ɽ
ҶСŷǧȻ֪ǣǲ˵ⲻΪǲţҶСֻţͨڲţ֮أҶСϸǶ붼֪еĴڣʱҲֻôйӡ
ʱúܿ죬ÿ˳Է⣬ھûʲôɸɣҿһ˼ҽԼ齫˹ûе磬ԼϴƣһȺүǲڱ衣
Ѿϵʱ䣬ΪҶСŷǧڳԷʱҶĿӼһŴ壬ֻӣһ졣
С鷳Ҫ£Ĵ֧Ө˯Ĵ̵ԱߣŴ󴲺ϲһ
ҶĿֵȥǻ齫˼ҵȥ齫ˣɺ˯һŴϣҶС硢ŷǧҶպӨ˯˺ϲŴϡ
Ҷյİ£ŷǧ˯ҶСұߣҲΪŷǧҶСŮѣ˯ҶСߣӨ˯Ҷյߡ
ҹﵽ˵Ƕû˯
磬ȥеʱɲԴңҲȥС鷳˵ҶСĿ˵ҶСڰһžҪѧˣΪҪˣǰһϿΣʽѧʱҪ֪ʶȫѧ꣬һѧͽһָϰ׶ΣϾʱ̫ˣҪ֪ʶȫѧڻͨ
Ҫȥѧģûй棬ȸżٺ󣬸ȥҶСܵ˵˯Ůм䣬ƮҶСıǿףһȡ
ӨĻζŷǧֵĶص㣬Щ嶯СֵҲİףҲǣһ˺Ůڴϣûʲô뷨Ǽٵġ
ߣ粻աҶպܲ˵һת泯ӨҶС硣
˭˵粻㣬ҪģܲһڸסķɣҶС˵ͬʱŵӣװһСĵһŷǧĸʡ


367 ӲӲĶ
쵽ԼϮһ£ŷǧת泯ҶС磬һ˫ĿоӨĹâ
ҶСװһʲôҲûзӣƽڴϺҶ˵
һ˿Դסĵطģżٺҳȥ䣬磬ʹȥòãһԸҶת۾зĹâҶС߼˼޳СȴҶСϣ
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ŷǧ˵ƽȴ̺žζҶСƲƲ죬ŷǧĻ˿⡣
һĵزôŮӶ֮Ҳް취ܾͨ˵޵аɣ
磬ʹȥһԹԵġҶյСҶСĴϲ˲˵
ͻȻСһӲӲĶѵڱѲһʲôĶ磬ʲôö棬ߡ
Ҷմ۾˸ŽĹâС־ǸӲӲĶȥ
գʲô쵽С鷳ĶҶС粢û⣬С鷳־Ҫ쵽ǲСֵʱҶСһмץסС鷳󣬺ȵ
ҿӦĿ죬ҪȻɴˣҶտðû뵽Ѿͷô󵨣ʲôҶС֪Ҳ֮١
ҶСһҶһ£Щ΢΢ĺ£ϽҶСĴгԼС֣ӨŲŲ
СֻиˣʲôĶóԵĶȴô˵úί۾з˾ӨỨỨȻСĿء
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С磬˵Ϊʲôʲôԣ㵱ôԶĴϣǳ
ղޣôˣӨҶղᰲοʵȻ̧ͷҶСһۣΪҶС翴룬ҶСںڰ
ءǸ󻵵ءڱѲһĶҪȥáءãĺҡءҶһ߿һ˵
С磬ʲôϽգ㶼ϴСˣôЩ˵
裬ұûвʲôˡҶСЦ˵ǸܸС鷳أֻǴʱҪͣȴЩԿڡ
ƭˡءҸղŶо˸类иӲӲĶءҶСĻ䣬С鷳˵
ӲӲĶЩɻظһ䣬Ϊ˵˲Ҷ˵ʲôɵȻҲ֪Щ̲סЦ˳
ŷǧӨףǣ˵ЦˣЦĿҶС磬һõı顣
գҪˣԹ˯ɣ˵
Ҷֹͣ˿ԾСţҲǺܾµģСʱƤûٱɽѵ
ʱЩҶС磬Щɻ󣬲׸ղŴЦʲôҲ׸ղŻһĴôڲΪԼ˵ˡ
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С鷳⻰˵꣬ĸŮ˶Ц˳֮ҶСҲҪ˵ĻνС鷳ãأ
ٲʵǸղŵĳͷŷǧҶСߵ˵ƽҶС绹ܹоеֻ֮⡣
ȻһͷҶСֱסŷǧĺ촽ͬʱִĲŷǧ˻У˵ǡ
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368 ŷһ
С鷳תҶСҲת泯ŷǧһ½ر˻Уߵǧû뵽ô
ϷǳĵϷ
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뵽˫־׼ƿҶС磬ҶС쵽Ķǰˣ˵һûһ϶û취ƿ
ҶС磬ҪĻҿԸ㣬Ӵ˺ͬİ·о֮£ͻȻһ뵽취װһ˵Ҳû
⻰ҶСһЦһ£ɿŷǧ壬ŷǧϲûзʧʱжʱ˹֪ŷǧƭǹҳһ˿Цݡ
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ŷǧһ룬ҶС绹ܿ˵ʧ󣬸ղ¸ˣҶСҪʹϽ˵С磬첻УǵļˣҪĺû˻ôңǴ˶˻ȥ˵𣿡
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ˣǧں㿪Ц㲻ҲǿģϾǿŤĹϲҲ룬մǸӳֻصСҶСŷǧ˵
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ŷǧļһǧĹϼ壬ŷһпֲʵһѪҺЩѪҺеǵԾͨǿиıƬε򣬽һӡѪҺеģֻҪѪϣб㲻ϵ
ŷһ³СͨѪһֶεļ⣬жϳѪĴȣһ˵ԽߣѪҺеѵľԽ磬ӵеȻҲԽǿѪҺҲὥѣʮ֮ǰѪҺʮ꣬ûоѪĻǾ˵һӾֻһƽˣᱻųŷһУΪǵϵѪߡ
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ŷǧŷһ峤ŮǣȴǸʮʱûоѪΪĸڻڼս̥Ӱ쵽ѪҺľѡ
ȻŷǧѪҺûоѣǣȴûбųŷһԭһǣŷǧһУŮӺ٣Ҳֻ˶ѣкȴʮˣνǶ٣ȱŮӣһԭǣŷǧѪҺûоѣǣô˵ҲѪĺ˳ɣҪŷһһλѪߵӵܽΪޣһ̺Ѫĺӵĸһܸߡ
Ϊʮ֮ѾԼˣΪŷһ己ܺĹߣȻ˳
֪ȻϿˣѳǸΣʵȻʱûеʱ䵽ˣһᱻ˽ӻȥġ
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ŷǧһмҶС綼֪ʱҶСһ취ûУΪԷΪֲܿͲԶԿġ
ֻȡʱ䣬һԼΪϽﵽŤתǬľ磬ȻⲻǶʱ֮ڿ԰쵽ģڶŷǧ˿ļֵһѡĻᡣ


369 쳷
ʹҶѰ֣ǱΪֻҪŷǧܹͻƵ쾳磬Ҳ˵ʸҲŷһΪ֮ĿǸҲǲܣ֮һӳΪŷһѪĹߡ
ҶСԸ⿴ģڱ˰зϵʱѾһҲ˵񽻣ʱ˵жؿ˶ԷӰӡ
ǰĻҶСŷǧҲֻЩøУ˶ƯŮ˵Ķһָо󣬾ҶС类ǻһ㵭ϲǰŷǧλúĽѩʫһߡ
ѵõһλ˽Լˣʱֻŷǧ˽ҶС磬ҲֻҶС˽ŷǧ
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ŷǧ˵ͷ˫Ŀľ˯ˣԴӺҶСɽһֱûϢЩҶС֧֣ŷǧƣǣʼնԼģѽϵƣ
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ŷǧѾպϵ˫΢΢Ȼֺˣ̫۵ԵʣȻŷǧȽϳҺԡ־ǿǣվǸŮˣŮ˶Ҹ
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ߣͲ˭ϡҶղͣȻӨķƶһ壬ҶС硣
ʱӨɫܸӣҶСȫУ˵ĹϵֻڰнУƽʱҪװһϤӣȻоúΣʹ࣬ǣҲûа취ϾΥ
أдС˺ܶ࣬ҶСҲ磬ȫûʲôĵ飬ԼһԭԼ
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ڳʧٵˣһЩרҵ֤ǶѾˣѩĴǾ죬ֻϢûй
С磬ҵģȥ˼һȥ߽ҶĿָӨ˯Ǹ˵˵־Щףӵ忴Щ¶ӿһ鴲壬룬ˣȥɣǴ챧ȥˡ
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ھҪһ忸ɵ·Ͱ첻
ҶС󣬺ܶ˶۹⿴ҶС磬ҶСһΪҶС翴޸֮Ȼܿסһ鴲еȡ
ҶһЦһȥһ˴к


370 ԡҴɫ
ҶС߽ڣͿҶҶСʱС˹
ôʲôСˤˡҶСЦЦ˵
ҶС̫˰ɣҶո˼Ͳ֪Ǳʲôһ£һģˤڵأûˤڵء
ܵҶСǰҶĹĵĿ˵磬ѵ֪طȽаȻ˵ЩĻߡ
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磬ҸѱӱϡҶС翸һŴ壬һֻлű죬Ҷ˵ȻͽҶСеı챧˻С
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СûйأΪЩŴ͸߲ȥҶС絥һץʹӼϽȡ£ץŴ˽ȥ
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ղڰæ̣Ҷ֮£ԸµҪȥҶС磬ǣܿͱű˻ȻҶôôͻˣʱæµҲûʡ
ʹȥˣߣһóԵģУҪȥҸ磬㣬һȥɣҶ˵ŷǧĸ첲׼ߡ
һҶյĻѩӱŷǧ֪ҶСʲôЩ΢΢Ĳ죬ǹһЦǾͲҪȥˣһСȻġ
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ҶСĻӨ֮ɫû뵽һũȥĸȻһҹ˾ʵЩ˼顣
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ǺǣȥˡӨЦ˵ϵЦЩȻûжСѡ
Ĵ̶̺ˣҶͻȻ˵Ȼ˹ȥ˵˴ϣĴ㣬ܺţҸĴϳˣʮ춼ûϴš
Ҷ˵ȻӨĴҹӨҲûע⣬ЦЦֻһƤĺӣȻ߽ԡңֻһ˯£涼գ¶ںţ˹ȥһҶ˵һȡ´ϡ
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372 㶨С鷳
ҶСӴº󣬾ŶͷĳＲ۶ȥձڣͣЦһ£ȥϵɫΪĲȻ·ƺܹ졣
׼ȥһȦ׺ͶѴ塢ʰûУǣձͷ;ÿ쬵ģеǸҡҡȥ֮ûͦ
ǣҶСһǵľߣȻȥһڿ˵ʱЩңҿţп㣬ʹеĴһЩ仯ܹٳסҪǴſɵĶ̿ĻƿеļһѾˣһҡһ£²߼ɾͻᱻһ
˿ûмˣҶСһ棬һ߿ǰȥߵ·ھͿС鷳ӨС˳СЩͨ죬һ㣬ͷԵĻͷһۡ
գȥʲôҶСڿ֣װ֪ʵ
磬ӳҶСҶתͷ˹Щɻ
ǰҸմӳôˣղſӣǲʲô£ҶСЦЦʵ
˻£ҿϰ첻Ϊ㻹ңȥ㣬û뵽ܵȥˡС鷳ҶС˵ȻĿͶҶС·뵽ϵ£СЩ΢졣
ǺǣǵȾˣߣһȥɣҶСһЦ˵
С鷳ȻȻıҶСĸ첲һȥ·ҶС쵽С鷳ʱʱ۹⿴Լһֹӡ
⣬ҶСĺݺݵһ£ѵС鷳ʲôҶС԰Ӧûʲô©Ŷԣοֲ֪ܴӴзɳȥ뵽΢΢ŤͷС鷳
ҶСڿС鷳ĸϽŤͷСЩ΢죬ҶС綼Щͷԡ
գǲʲôҪԸ˵ҶСʵ
ûУûСС鷳ֵҡĸ˹һ㣬۾ȴЩ㣬ȻЩӲҶС۾
գ㻹ƭ粻ܣҪǲ˵ҾͲȥˡҶСװһ˵ӵ
С鷳Щ΢죬Щţԥһ˵˵㲻ҷ𣬲׼ȥС
áҶС뵽ûʹӦС鷳ǸͲܣС鷳ˣȥдС鷳ȻѾӦˣͲᷴڣС鷳˵û˵һ
Ҷտ˿ܣûˣŤͷҶС۾ʵ磬ǲǺм飿
⻰ҶСһ£ͻͻľȻϱֳʲôװȻʵ˭˵ģ¿ɲ˵
ȻҶС˼֪Ķǳޣǣȴ֪ĺ֮Ļˣһ˵ȥǲԵġ
û˭˵ԼµġС鷳ҶС˵ҶСıܿЩʲôǣʲôЩ͡
գ˵ǲ˵ģҲǲҲµģ֪𣿡ҶСС鷳ͷһĳ˵Լα
û˵ġС鷳ĹĵĵҶС磬ĵȡ֤ݣǲ˵ʵˡ
ֻЩ棬ȴûʲôĻ˼
磬ڿɣҵġС鷳СͨĴԼȹóһڰӵڿ
⣬ҶСп׼С鷳ڿ㣬С鷳·ϵҶСһ㣬ٶȼ죬ְڿԼȹӵ£ҶС統Ȼ˼˼ҵȹӵ

磬ɲҪƭңҿǺܴģҪǸ˵ⲻģǾͻȥôһǲġС鷳һĨ֮ɫ
С鷳һ仰ҶСĿĻһӷˣݣʵ̫ˣСѾͷȻôѶԸҶС
һ취ɣһһתһ˵Ǿ͸ԺС
գڿȷǸģû뵽㾹Ȼҵˣϴһ裬·ûзźã˵ϣʱҲˣҲûңû뵽ôȻҵˣֱǻ۽𾦣˵˵ҵģҶСЦʵ佱һС鷳
СӾСӣҶСһ仰佱ЩƮƮȻԼӨóڿƵһ㵹˳
ô磬ɣС鷳˵·뵽ʲôҶСʵ磬㲻ƭҵİɣ
ûУôƭأ翸һ󴲰϶۵ģ˲Ϻãȫˣøϴһ裬գǧҪԱ˵˭ûУҶС˵
С鷳˵ͷǺʵΪʲô磿
˵ţͻȻ䣬۾һ֪ˣˣϾúƯ
ԣҶСС鷳Դ͵Ŀһۡ


373 ŷǧҪ뿪
ҶСһο佱С鷳ǿĵӣһ䣬ϵЦݾʧˣɻؿҶС˵ǣ磬ܾЩԡ
ԾȻԾˣҲֻСӲŻҶСĻĻ;ãһƶΣ©ٳ©©ȥ
ʲôԾģסǧҪ˵ȥҪȻ¸ͻᱻ⣬һӶûشˣҲˡҶСװһص˵
磬ģһ˵ȥģ˭ն˵ģ֮СܡС鷳ҪıסҶСĸ첲ҶСһ㣬Ŀᶨ˵
С鷳ޱȡǳεĿʱҶСЩΣĵգ粻ҪƭģҲǲѣϣ㲻Ҫָ硣
һ˵ȥġҶСЦЦȻһֻ֣˵գ㻹Ҹڿصʲôʱ򣿸Ͻóڻǹƨأ
С鷳СһЦȻϽȹ°ҶСڿ˳ߣôˣƨɡ
ҶСЦЦûС鷳Ļ˹ȥֱװ˿㶵
ʱѾߵ˼ſڣҶСС鷳һĶ˼ǴڿʼҪղŵˣС鷳֮£գգ۾ƤСࡣ
ԺˮߴĳУɺŷǧŮæµһгӡ
СˡԺнŲͷһҶС磬˵һ䣬Ȼ׼в˵ŷǧ˵ǧ˾͹ˣ㻹ϢϢȥɣС㡣˵󣬾ͽŷǧеĵ˹ȥ
ûµģ̣Ҳۡŷǧ˵
ôۣܲ𴲵æµľûͣҲ֪ǼСıĸȻȢһλڿĺϱԽŷǧԽ⣬еĵ۵ĽŷǧƳ˳
С磬㿴ǧжԣ㣬֪ܣúǧûУҶСЩֵ˵
֪ˣ衣ҶСε˵ϱ˶ҶС
ŷǧ֪ҶСղ֮æΪһ˹µҶСˣˣǾͲæˣЩ΢΢ʪ󣬴С󣬻û˶ôãҶСļᵽʲôҵů
̣ҽˡŷǧ˵һ䡣
ϽȥɣǺúܡǴȰ֮ɫ
˵ͷŷǧŸӵ˹ȥҶСһȥ
ǧ⺢ӣԽԽ⣬ҪģģҪΣµ˳ôõĹǼС䲻˼ңο˼һǳˣҲ֪ĸĸԸⲻ𰸰ϵĵһвˣһ˵
㣬ͷİɣǼСҲѧϰã˻òǸĸһͬġЦŰο
ҲǣСҲ㡣ЦЦЦݡ
߽кŷǧҶɳϿӣĶţȻҶղǺϲǣŷǧζڿҲֻŽ㿴ˡ
ҶСŷǧ˵һỰ߽Լķ䣬׼Ͻڿ㴩ϣڿζܲܡ
ҶС߽˷䣬ŷǧԥһ£תͷҶ˵գ￴ӣȥ˵仰
֪ˣ㡣ҶչԹԵĵ˵ͷȻҲȥͽ˵ʲôǣŷǧЩ΢΢ĺ£ֻҪ뷨
ԣ㵽к󣬽ȥ䡣ŷǧһҶյԴЦЦ˵ȻҶСķȥ
ʱҶСհѳ洫һŲϽë̺һϣͬҲ˱ѡ
ƿŷǧ˽Ȼţ˹ҶСĴߣƽʵղȥˣ
ҶСһЦ˵ͷȥʹˡ
Ȱ㣬컹ǲҪȥΪãҪǴ֪Ƕ㻹Ƕáŷǧ΢΢һüҶС˵ǹġ
õģҰ쾡ȥǲʲôҪ˵ҶСʵܸоŷǧеĸУҲܿõɢЩ˵ŷǧ¡
С磬ͻСŷǧҶС˵
ʲôҪȥǼסĲϰ߻ȥҶСһʵ۾һգգĿŷǧ
ǣҵҲ֪ǼҴʱ䳤˻ǻɵģʱ¸Ǽ˴ѡŷ˵


374 
˵⻰ʱҶСܹŷǧɢɫһΪ΢ɫǲһɫǵǵȻҲظоԷе
ҶСһ꣬ɫҲÿһеԭʵоǿʵͲᱻͲ˼˼ǸһҪŬΪ
ߣԲƳһ죬ǲỳʲôġҶС翴ŷǧ˵
΢΢˼һŷǧ˵ԣߡ
ţףĵ㣬ڻû¡ҶСŷǧЦЦ˵
ŷǧÿҶС˫֣ҡҡͷҸ˲
ģǧǶµģ㱻˴֮ǰһ뵽ʱΪİ취ģ޾֮·ڤڤһ϶еģҡҶС翴ŷǧ˵
㣬֪ǵĹϵ㲻ŷǧǵġ
ôܻ֪أǿټ棬ʹʱ䣬ԺԲһҶСգգ˵
ҶСӣŷǧϹҳЦݣղ·ҲɢˣǱѵͲкøеģ˵Լ֪
˵꣬ŷǧĿҶСһۡ
ҶСεЦЦ㲻ңҿûʲô뷨ѾˣٶһĻҶ֪ԼԺô⸴ӵĹϵ
Ĳ֪ôǼٵģҿֻȢĽѩӰɣЩˣ뷨ǵˣԲԣŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ҶСЦһ£ûлشںѻشһʼȷʵģԴӺŷǧ˹ϵ˽⵽Ůӵĺû뷨ˣϾĸŮ˲ϣӵһļңԼϲһ
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪ôźãֻҪһһȻ
Ҳ̫࣬ǲΪģľǶûŷǧ˵
һһġҶС˼ã˵
㲻Ҫ˯˰ɣȳȥˣͲˡŷǧҶСë̺ʵȻ׼ȥ
ŷǧҪȥҶСϽסŷǧһŷǧ͵˴ϣҶСһЦһЩѹŷǧϡ
Ͻһ˿ͲˡŷǧһţһһЩ֮ɫ˵ϲ˺Ρ
ûˣҷģοʹҲûʲôԼٺ٣Ͽ˵ͬġҶС˵ЦĿŷǧ
ϺĲСŷǧ˵۾һգգĿҶС硣
Ҳãɲܵʱˡŷǧı飬ҶС֪˼Ҳͬ⣬ղŲźӨϵҲǺҪҲͬ
ŷǧҶСĻشһ˲͸еԼ촽ҶСˡ
һʽʪǺҶС̧ͷЦ⣬ʱŷǧ˫Щ룬һһ˵ӡ
ǲǺҪҶС
ŷǧĸˣȴָ֮ɫȻҶС˿Ͻվ˵ϣһ·ƽĿһҶСȻ˳ȥ
ŷǧ߳ȥıӰҶСЦЦŮ˵֮һ򿪣ʲôŮӣᾭֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ͻᴺĵ
ڿӿ㶵˳ˣ࣬ϣ·úҶС˳ȥС鷳ŷǧ˼ҶĿҶĻ˽̧һŴ壬ҶСģ嶼ҶĻġ
ҶĿԺ߷ЩũüҾߵķУ˾˽
ʱ򣬷ѾˣҶС硢ŷǧæ˷һڵķˣͰӡ
Ϊɽ飬ҶСĴѾֹͣ޽ˣҪ¿ˣһһڵĳŷһ˵˴£ҶСҲȥæҶĿ˵һ٣ҶСû
һ̸۵Ļ붼ǹŷǧģ磬ŷǧǸʲôģˣͺǲ黧һ㣬˼ҵȫʳŪŷǧЦãҶСεĳŷһ仰Ҳ˵ڼ䣬ʹɫҪʣҶСһۣҶСֻա
ŷǧҶС飬һҲûںũ˵˼ЩأǶŷǧر⣬ЩԵˡ
С磬ڼ𣿡󣬲ãһҶСҵſڴ˽ͬʱŲ𣬶Է˽
ɣϽڿӵҶС߳˷ݣǺɣ˵


375 ȥ
ˣ˵⼸£Ҳûлһɫװ˽ϴǸЦݡ
ǺǣҲҿûлҪȻԸ¶ҪȥɽһȦǸʱܲټ滹һ£ߡ߽ݣҶС뿪Ц˵ȻָɳһߵľΡ
ȥɽĿͶɳϵŷǧĽ֮ɫС磬λŮѰɣÿ濡
ǰɣҶСЦЦ
ʱŷǧΪ˵ˮһ̼䣬ŷǧͷ侲۲ǿҽһͻݵСӣνǸҶСӣһгŮǻ顣
ҶСͶȥмĿ⣬ŷǧһЦʾûʲôȻɳҶտӡ
С磬Ľ㣬û뵽ҵôõŮѣ˵ӳһͻŮռȻͻݡɸ̾һ˵
ǺǣҲĽңҲһϱ㣬ûиҶ󣿡ҶСʵ
ˣǰ죬ý˸ҽһСѧһʦҲͦģӺҲ⣬ǲ֪˼ͬⲻ˵ţɵϾȻЩɬ
˶٣˵˵£ҶˣѾ׼һӷˣǸϽȥƷɺͰŶڵأ
ƷɺͰҲˣûмˣҲ֪ʲôˡҶСϲ⣬𵱳СѧΣϾͲ¶˿ĵЦݡ
ɺͬ壬ϵȻû˵ƷɺżﶼϣΪҶСѧϰرã˾ҶС⣬ö֮ͳ˺ѣҲͨҶСʶɣѧϰãǲûп෴ǺΪ˽˳˺ѡ
СѧıҵԺҶСΪٲ־Ϳ˸֣һҽѧرõĳоҶСȥѧУͶһÿ¶ٿǮڼͥƶҶС統ȻǲѡʱѧˣѧʦȥˣƷɺȴһж飬ϵĳѧģǣҳýѧãͰתسϲĻӦڶС
ش岻רŻȥİɣҲ̫ݳˣһ绰ˡҶСѹĻ䣬˵
㲻ȥģɩҲϣôʶʶƷɺͰҲŮѣǸϽߣһѾȵòͷˡЦݵ˵
ҵȥǺǡҶСЩ˼˵
ˣһ֪ɩӽʲôأ˵
ŷǧӣȹȥʡ
ɵ˵ͷҶСվȻ˹ȥʵǧϵĵŪһӷһȥ㿴
ðɣŷǧЦһ£Ӧ
ҶСû뵽ŷǧʹľʹӦϾ˼ҵǶţ꣬Ҫ˼ҶʮˣȥһﲻʮȥԷȷʵҲЩΪѣ֪Ҫ뿪ԵʰɣǴӦ
磬ҲҪȥڽζĿŵӵС鷳һҶСҪȥص˵ӣһ˵
ӴôոˣߣɸһȥҶյĻľϵվһ˵ղȷʵҶոˡ
ҶС˵һҶСԼĦгС鷳ŷǧͬĦгһʻȥ
ĦкȣٶҲô죬Ҳʮңʮӵʱ䣬͵ϡ
Ǹʮֽ·γɵСλؽ紦һ·ʡͨ벻Уɿķʮ·ڱ߶ʮ״ضηǳãķϸʮ׵ľһС͵ĳվǳ
ʱʱ䣬һЩ٣ɵĸ׺һСѧͽȫӦ
Ħгͣ˷ſڣҶСҶպŷǧ˽ȥ
̣þöˣһ㶼ûбϡҶС˽ȥһʦרð۵긾Ů˵ʰſ˳꣬ɵĸף
ǣС磬ǺþöûмˣƤѾͷҲˡͷһҶСˣǴӵЦݣŷǧʱҶСʵС磬λŮѣÿ濡
ҶСЦ
ޣϽС¥ȥǺúģͽˡ˵ޣСǰҶСͽޣѧ󣬾ͽˡ
õģ֪ˣС磬ߡɴҶСӺ¥ȥǷİ䡣


376 
¥ȷݵİ䣬һС䣬ÿһ䶼װ޵Ļ㾫£ȻԶԶȲϴЩݣǣһСϻرɾţϾԷĶũС˻ѧУЩյѧֻҪԷĵطɾУˣҪĲãΧǷܺõȵЩ⡣
ÿС䶼󣬷һŴԲʮӣЩ΢΢ӵҲʲôˡ
ǶһŰ϶¥ָһҶС˵
ҶСЦŵ˵ͷ¥м˵˵ЦӴİ䴫˳侲ûзһ˿ʣƷɺžһС
ƿţҶСǽȥ߽ȥֻŮ棬쵽˽󣬶ĿͶ˹
ŮҶС粻ʶҶС绹һ۾жϳſұߵһŮӿ˵ǸźɫĶȹɫͺɫ֯ĸӶ䣬ּ͸¶ϢԼʮңģҲȴǺܿ
ҶСоϤİҶС֪ǾƷɺţδģ˷츲صı仯ϡ䣬ܿСʱӰӡ
λţ߸һŮ˭˭Ůһ۾ܿĳ
Ϊʱûмμ棬һӻž˲ͱˡ
ǰɣ㶼ôˣǵСѧҵʱ㻹ûҸߣھȻһһ㡣Ŵվ˹ᴷҶСһȭ˷ܵ˵ûһС
ܲܲҪôˣһӡҶСҲһȭ˵
е˶ЦˣŷǧЦĿҶС磬û뵽ҶС羹Ȼôһºš
С磬ԵúܳصƷЦһ˵վߵŮұߣŵӡ
Ʒɣûм䣬ȻȡҶС˵ȻС鷳ƷɵŮ£ŷǧ󣬲ҶС£ҶСұһſյӣڿյӵұߣֽյõһߣȻϵĲơƷ˵ϡ
С磬ǵϰʱ䣬ȷ㴵һƿ˵Ȼùһƿơƴ򿪾׼ݸҶС磬ʱƷɵ²һ˵
˵꣬ŤͷһŷǧȻҶС˵С磬һλŮѰɣֵǽһ¡
ǶŷǧȽϴ󣬲Ҳû˵ʲôϾҶС綼ûʲô
ŷǧʶģھͲ˵ˣƷɡšӣҲԼŮѽһ°ɣҶС˵
ҶСŮѽŷǧʱƷŮѵһ˿ɫ
ĽܣҶС֪ɵĴһͬޣ˵Ľ̸ǳɹĿԺܴ
ƷɵŮѽ࣬Լʮ߰꣬һͷ̷Ϻܰ׾۾͸¶⣬һֺǻ۵ĸоŵŮѽн࣬һͷīü䣬׼Ϊ㣬һʱŵڵĴҹӡ
ˣС磬ԹȰƿƸˣһζҪʣƷùղŴ򿪵ƿƣҶСǰ
Ʒɣ˰ɣСܺȶپͺȶ٣ǽΪ죬ɲҪûأͰҶСˡɸϽֹˣҶСľ֪ġ
ӣû£Ҷܸˣܲɨ˴ҵˣǰɣҶСһЦ˵Ȼƿơͷ˹˾ͺȥûʮʱ䣬һƿٶơƾͺˡ
ãþȹƣҶСһʹһƿơƣһ¶ûУ˶Ҳ׷֡
С磬ҼǵԭľУû뵽ھôǣСĿҶС磬ҶС磬ҶСľΪˡ
Ǻǣ˶仯ġҶС˵
󣬼˶˵ͷԼͬİĿͶҶСϣǰ˶仯ʱҶСǰֱ֮𣬼ǵǰҶСǳĺߣŮ˵һ仰죬ǸʱҲܰСͦαֱ͸¶һصʡ
ô۹⿴ҡҶС翴żɻʵ
С磬ҾǼֻı仯󣬸ղ߽ʱҲ㶼ûϳƷɿҶС˵źɺͬĵ˵ͷ
һ߳˵ķһϵرţǿĵŵһѧʱĹʷһֱ˵ڸԵ
һ仰˵Ĳţɢˣͱ䵭ˣ⻰һ㶼٣ûнۣ¶ٴμʱҲǵͷ΢ЦϤ˶ѣϵĸǡ


377 ѧв
˭ûд˵˻飬ʱţȻ׺󣬲֪ڣǸʱѾ޲ˣûǼۣ³ɣƷˣֻԽԽԶĹϵҲὥƽ
ųԲˡȾƵĽˣ˵ĻǶ·Ҫδ˵Ļȫϣһģ˵Ĺϵͬǰǰ㣬޻˵ûһ֮С
ϹҵĹУҶС֪ѧϰöû˿ģһĻֻܿһģصԺУûϷȻҲ֪ҶСĳɼǳ̬ҶС´ˣ˵һЩǣԾ𾪲ѣɵĶҲǺĿҶС磬Ϲѧˣ֪Ǹʲô
С磬׼ѧƷɺһơƣʵ
СĳɼǻõѧУѧû⣬С磬ҿͱѧɣΪһ⡣ҶС绹ûлشž˻˵
Ҳ֪ҹƶ붼ᱨʡǵĽͨѧɣҶС˵
ҲʡǵĽͨѧȫǰʮԺУϳнٶڶʮпĻһǮˣֻϧҵĳɼҲֻܿҲúСͬһУٺ١Щ΢΢ĽĿҶС˵
ҵĳɼͰŲ࣬ҲƼ֮ĵΡƷ΢΢̾һ˵
ڵĳɼܴԺ󣬸һҪˣϵͳϰ׳ɼˣֻҪúÿһʱ䣬δؾͲܿϺôѧ˵ҲڻġҶС簲οˣʵⲻ㲻ǰοҶС˵ʵ˾ҪҰģֻҪ룬ҽ뷨жĿδؾͲʵ֡
ѧһúŬģȡܺ࿿ͬһѧУȥٺ١˵
ãһףǶܿĴѧɼԼĸһԼĺͼ־ҲΪˡ
ۡһ죬صСУ·Ҳڹǹͬͣ˶˲Ʊһ£ǼŮǳǳһ⣬ҶС缸˽еơһ
ʱɵĸף˽ֵӣЦ˵ʲôҪ̣Ҫ⣬͵ԼңĿĵ㡣
˵꣬ɶ˵һ䣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôɵüͷһ£ҶСҲûؼüȻ˼ҵ˽£Ҳûк˼ȥС鷳ĻƲŲЩأ
Ⱥţȥȥкһǡ˵˳ȥ
˺޾ʹɸ˵ˮȵȣкˣٲȻԼˣ룬Ժٷ֮ʮŶΪɵţʱ򣬼˶һһɩӵĽ
˴ӵʱ󣬼һᣬҶС罣ü΢΢һ˵ţȥҲ֪ڸʲôô˻ˡ
ȥأɲҪҲһһȥͲ˵
ǺǣأҶСЦЦ˵Ȼŷǧ˵¥
ʱ罫ӣ̫رֵϼûӰԷҲ࣬ɵķڣѧɶš
ӣôˣҶСȥʵ
һС¶ѣС磬Ͻȥɣ˵ǿЩЦ⡣
ϰ壬ȸǮģǮǰʻ㻹ġһɫ䣬һţп㣬һҵ˵
ɬӾܿϳеһѧҲѧĵǸӣĸ˶ȾŻͷеĹͷϻСףøŻһǱĳĹŻжѧ
л壬ÿ˵ǮٸѾǷһǧˣȰǮˣҸɼ˵
ҶСˣһɫлͬѧ쵽ԷǮɿܸĸ˵Ҫٸлˣղ˿϶Ϊ¡
һǧǮȷʵЩ㲻ҪЩǮԲлһνӡ
ҲǮҪǲǮҵ㸸ĸҪɺ˵
㵽ǼҪǮԣŪ㡣⻰лɫһ䣬ҧ˵һҪֵơ
ô붯֣ƾǼ˻ʸ񡣡˵£ûеֵʱ
ߣΪ㵱úܺãҾ㣬ǵڣʱѾȥˣеУӦ˵ɣϴ㲻ĵ걻Ե޹ʵˣ㱻Ե޹ͷѪ͸Ͻȥɣлŵ˵


378 
лĻɵɫ˱䣬֪ģϳѧھϳˣСΪĽ磬˸ǳʵ
ǼͥصӰ죬ССͲúѧѧУң̡ȾơܡɣʦΪ༶ϵĶѧУ쵼Ϊҡ
ڳһڶѧڵʱԺͬѧõͬѧѧʱֵ԰壬˼ˣĸˣӰ죬ǽ壬ֻҪѪƾͳɣԳΪͷγΪģѾǵ߸ˣûк˽ݣѧ˼߽
һѧڵʱѾչԼмʮСܣʱУԸевǾ鷳˻ܣΪһԽ⣬ϴԼһ֪ʲôϷԺе
󣬻Щ֣ûһӾͰѶԷıףȶ˶Է˫ȣòҪһԽ⣬˳һơƿͶԷԴҵͷѪǲƬֱ˶ԷϣѪֱ
δܺһӳˣСԽԽˣԷǮһڽֱɵС̯һǸɣûиǮ̯ǸˣסǣǮߡ
ŭˣΪеϴ󣬳ԷǮҪǱ֪»ЦŵСҲŭˣģǳԵձǿ㣬ȻǮǲˡ
һȺ꣬߶ʮһֱӽ˼ҵС̯ˣһ˵λεĵӣҪͱ̯
ȻҲӲ磬һЩ˶ǵΪΪĿۣ׼ֽѵ˭֪ûеǽѵ˼ң˼Ѱţһ겻˺óһˮһ˵ΪӲ˸ͱˡ
Եǽģʮһú
زز¡ƴ꣬ϵ˶ˣܲǶǡ
ũкܶĸĸȥˣ˺Ӻˣ˹̣ܽӱҰ;
ʲôˣӡʱƷɺſһ꣬ʵҶС˺ǵһЩԾˡ
Ҳûʲô£ȥܴá˵Сѧӻĺ٣мϴʶҹϵʹҲµ˺֡
ѧʱĴܣȵĲ˭ߴ˭ǿ׳˭ĺݣ˵һѵ͸Ҵ̣Էȴңɣ
ʱʱʢͲ˼һˣˣ˼ȫˣܾܲ;򣬱ϾȺ̫ˡ
С磬ӳʲôˣƷɽĿͶվһԵҶСϣʵ
Ҳʲô£ǼǰԷǷӺܶǮԷ׼ǮҶСЦЦ¸ͺۡ
ĸˣԷĻȰǮó֮ڰǷҲ壬ҪȻǰǼ߳ȥˣĻ˭ӶùŶż˵ҲûаѧϾѾǸˣ⼸ǳܵĻ϶ռơ
ǣǰǮҲˣҽҪԷɫл˵Ŀ¶ź⣬ȻһӾ
ѸղŵĻ˵һ顣һлǰץסڣһ˵һҪֵļƣŻǺǰһ׳嶯ʱСѧʱֻҪԷЩ֣˵Ͷ֣ù򲻹ȶ֣ʵڴ򲻹õӡ
ţ嶯ȷſ֡һߵ˸ǰϽȰ˵
ӣʲôʱôˣɲǰ㣬˼۸ˣ㻹֡ЩʧȻݵѾˡ
ô붯֣Ƿ㣬ʱ˭ԿлЩ΢΢ľ£ӲͷҶС缸˵ʱֻĸˣԷҲĸˣԷÿ˶ǸߴҲûǼһ϶Կȴ
Ŷɿһ󣬿ҡҡͷŷŵлĶӡ
Ǽ˹ɣҵǰķ͵ˡɿż˵
ǵţ²ꡣлվҶС缸һۣ·Ҫ˼תߣúǰֲǱˣαظǶأһ˺ٶҲ١
ӣҲԷˣҾ˵ôûˡл˸߳ɵķ꣬߰ѧ̣һһ˵ЦĴӲ·˹лʱһɫ߷ֳЦ˵


379 ȲѶ
߸磬ˡ꣬лѿ¶ϲɫϽӭ˹ȥӿڴͳһǮİɳȡһݸꡣ
лΪ߸ӹͷƤ֮Ŀ϶һţȻһ̣˳ƺͷԵĽֵܣߣΪߣСܶ߸硣
л壬ղŵɫÿǲʲô£߲ۼƳһɵķ꣬Ȼлʵ
߸磬ҪΪҳһղҺСȥҷԷģϰȸǮŸʱȿǮģ濴ˣǷǼٷǮֲǲǲӡлί˵˳ϣ
Ĺϵܺãͬӣ߿϶ͷġ
˼ڻûгԷָֽ̼ͷ֮䣬л˵
ûгԣģŪһӵĻһθڶûˡлһĭ˵
ûгԣǾͽȥһԸЦһ£һ̣Ȼ˳ͷ˵ϣݺݵز棬һȻɵķȥ
лл߸硣лɫһϲ˵֪ԷҪΪԼͷԼһӡ
ϰ壬һϯˡһʮ˽ȥ߿ûпɾͿ˵˵׼¥ȥ
ʱҶС˻ûߣղѾлڽһ߸磬ʶЩ鷳ˣǲ¡
ɵɫúѿл˾У׼׳һٷȻԸ⣬֪ԷԷƨһĲǮɵӵΪ˶ڣƽķĻɻ׼׳ԾͰ׳ˣҲ˶Ǯǣſ̫ˣһϯ°Ǹ
Ҫ֪νһϯɲһӷô򵥣ҪоŸˣм仹÷Ÿ㡢֮ʳƷһҲΪƲˣСȳˣȻپһֻһСһ㣬һȷʵƷ͵ˣһӣĵˣһӣĵزˣһϯɱ͵öԪĻ٣ɵԴżˣҪȻԲӦġ
һϯŻݼ۸ٰʮˣȰǮóǸûǮĻͳȥɣҵķ겻ӭǡ˸ߵмλʱһಽᵵǰǵ˵
ļҷĹأȸǮԷ㿴ܿͼɾ͹ϲӭ˿ꡣĿ˵
ʲôˣҾʲôĹأûǮĻǸȥɵƽȴЩΣһ˶СЩΣܵĻȻ£ǣƴʹʮҲЩӢ۶ѵ֣οӢۡ
⻹ؼģؼº޹˼ɣƾһǻѪɺͷۡ
Ȼ̸ɣôֻжˡߵ˵ʮأò¶Էοʹǰˣȥ԰ȱǵ߸еӰϰˣɵġ
Ļ˵꣬žʹһԵơһƿӣƷɲ֪ʲôʱжһֽ
Ҫǳȥ򣡡зһ˿ɫ˻˼Ƚ϶࣬ܲͱ˶ֶǣһֱȥȥľͲٿˣһȺСĺҲܽиʮˣܵĻ¶ԷƽЩСֻҪ̫֣ţһǻִˣλȥˡ
˵ţѵϵĶ䣬¶˽ʵ壬תʹӺķóһ˳
жżһһЩӣΪõߣһ˵߸硣ҪΪ¶Է߳ȥӻأ
ǿһ£ץ𷹵еĵӾ˹ȥٶȼ죬μܵΪǿĵ
ֵһҲѧߵӷ׷׳˷еӵûһ˿ľ£Щ˷ܡ
ӵ˲䣬ҶСüͷ֪ԼҪˣҪȻڷдܣ϶ɵķҸϡá
ӴźķɵͷΪԷ̫ͻȻˣɻû׼ãһʱԶ
ۿӾҪɵԴҸͷѪʱһֻ޳εץסӵһȣӾɵŲʮףɵĶͷ϶ðһЩ顣
ҶС˷ӦٶȾͽס˼չĵӣƷɺŶһɵΣսˣǿҶС𾪡


380 ô䣬ǻǺֵ
ǵãҶС統ĵС۸Ҳǿţһ֣ܶʱǺΪҶСͷǣҶС羹ȻһӾͽǷٶץסˣʵ̫ˣСıˣ˷츲ı仯Ҳ֪ҶСʲô
ҶС绺еӷһųǰǺһбŷâɨһۡ
Ϊ׵ʮ˶ʱоһֱ𣬶ԷĿҪ·Ҫ٣˼Ƥ
еĵӷ¹ɣһǳǵĶߣƸ߸ϵľһ仰ͬʥּ˲ܾܾҲҾܾ
𾪵ĿҶС磬ƷɺҲһ֣Ƕһ̼ҶСѾǸղǸڰк̸ЦҶСˣǰҶСǸеİͬʱҲǸеη塣
ҶСĻ£еʱ䣬Щӵ꣬һĿһ㶼еȫԭλãǽеӷúú󣬶㶣ǲԼȻһɺ⡣
ҶСǰƶһС˵
ըǶߣ־飬ͬɻȥǰһɽѹǵͷصĶЩ
ǶһֵͷߵĴ㣬Ǽ߸ûߣҲӲţʱҲǿţΪǵ߸磬Լ˵ĻСܻô
ǰ˺ܿ£ԶԶǶ֣¶üһҲ򲻹Էɫ΢΢Щ԰ףȻǲ֮ĿҶС硣
ǰɣãһǹġҶС翴ЩһۣˣһߵǰʱûеףͺͻȻߵǰ
һץֱӾסߵĲӣͺһֹӣֻѾ뿪˵Ľֹ߲ѾѪͨޱȣһһͻѪ˫ҶСĴ֣ҪѿǣҶС־ͺϻǯӣôҶСһֺ
ſ߸磬ſ
ҪǸҶ߸һëСͱ㡣
߱ҶСץסˣЩСܷ׷׺ͬʱҶС˹ˡ
ҶС罣üһʵԵĹâŷЩҶС˹һֹͣ˶Ʊ˶סˣǿ־֮ɫ
ǶͣҶСŻջĿ⣬½ĿͶϣʱߵѾ˽ɫٹһᶼʡ
ֻǽѵٸҷ£ɱº֡ҶС絭˵˸ź⣬һӣߵͱ˳ȥ
顭߷ɳȥ彫궼ҵˣȥƲݺݵˤĺשϣһӾȲͷˤˡ
߱ҶС˳ȥЩСһŵ˫ȴϽ˳ȥҵ˵ѸٵҲ˳ȥһ˷ߣˡ
ʱҶСؿɢīɫеĺ⣬п־壬ҶСǹҳһ˿ЦҲãξ͸ɴཫ鷳׵Ľ
ߺϿҶС֪Էưոݣ˵һͻ£ѧ£֪ģͲܶԷʲôˣֻҪԼ˱ˣֱӻһ˺ƺƵĳ
ѾˣǺǡҶСתͷЦЦ˵˵ֱˣָ˸ղǸԸºܹ͡ЦݵҶС硣
ʱлץǸƷɺҲżһһģղҶСǰԵ̬ǵС
ôһı飿ҶС˹ȥ˵ǰԻһЦ˵
ҶСһΣǲŴ˹һӵĿҶС磬кܶĻҪ˵ȴ֪Ӻδ˵
û뵽ôƾһǹԹԵķеӣҶС磬ǲڳ򣿡Ʒɷеĸֽ˵
ɣǺǡҶС˵ͷ˵ԼûǶȻţܲ˵Լߣ˾С˵е书
С磬˺ܶ࣬رǸղţĺİԸõһ̰ˣĿ⸴ӵĿҶС˵΢΢̾һԸղűҶСΪ𾪲ѡ
Ҳô仯ҶС磬ǻõֵܡҶС翴˵
ǰô䣬㻹ǵֵܡظһ䣬۾ԽԽЦ
Ʒɺŵ۾ҲˣͬʱЦ


381 ׼һ˳
ʱɵĸڷС͹̨ǰ۾ôģȻҲû뵽ҶСô⺢ӳˣ仯˺ܶ࣬
ӣôˣЩˣѵǵǿܻЩ֮ɫҶСʵ
ǿܻᱨһᣬӳȥǸһУԵߵܣò˶೤ʱ䣬ǾͻɵıЩɬ˲䣬ϵɫͼᶨȻᣬҳȥһЩˣòȻƾĸ˸Ͳ
˵꣬׼ȥߵҶСʱҶСһֻ첲סɣýˣһȫԶԸǡ
һǿˣС磬䣬ˣʮȶԸˣʮˣһٸأӢѵ֣仰㲻᲻ɣɿҶС˵Ȼ׼ҶСĸ첲ǰߡ
ӣңһܶԸˣֻҪоǿʵжˣ߹ҶСЩм˵˵Щ΢΢ģͻָ
ܸ˰ɣҶС˻ΣеĲףϹһ˿΢Ц˵
ҶСеĲףסˣؼǵãŲ׸ղŷһſڵĵһϣǣʱȻ漣ĳҶСУ̫˼ˡ
ղҶСӰģһ£ǿˣҲû⣬ΪԼۻˣ붼ӦҶСƶģҲ˵ҶСڸղһ˲ʱλߴſڵһǰùɽĲ˵Ȼ˻۾͸ûпҶСĶֱ绹Ҫ졣
û뵽ôãڳ˺ܳʱ䰡еǳʱѾɢˣиޱȡ
ղӦÿҵٶȣҪǣ˭ܵסҶС˵
Сȷʵӣͱˣ˵ĻҪöǮһһԵĽ⣬СʵǴ򲻹ǵĻǻҾͲţĸ˻Ūһˡ˵ĿǺ⣬仹Щ˷ܡ
˵еͲҪˣСӣ붼Ӧû⣬ʹм©֮㣬ǻ壬һ˶Ըĸȫû⣬ҺͰżܶԸĸˣϲʲôġƷɿ˵
ðɣоͲУֵһһμܡһʱЩƣߣȥһ˵
ҶС˵˵ͷͺһȥȥʱһŰڵŮ˵Цò֣һ֣ղڵʱ򣬼ŮӶô˵ƺƬ̵ʱ䣬ȻʹһƬ
ʲôأôĵôģɿ˿Ůʵ
ûʲôŮӵ飬Ҫǹܡ޵һ˵
ʱѾ˸Եλϡ
Ʒɣ֪СŮ˭ŷǧдС˵ǸŷǧƷɵŮ˵ȻܳݵĿŷǧ
ɩӣû뵽㾹ȻдС˵ŷǧֲһʼʱֹϤġƷҲǳݵĿŷǧ
һϲС˵ŷǧдģŷǧµС˵ǸһЩʵıдģÿһ˿˿ۣܣһۣܶϲС˵Ƕ붼ŷǧ顣
ŷǧдС˵ҶСȻ֪ģƷɺԵŷǧԾԺܶࡣ
󣬼һ߳һٴβֻҶСˣЩŮʱʱ˵ϼ䣬ˡ
࣬ݵʱ䣬ǼСܷ߻صѧУѧԢµŵģǽпǣ߾߽ᡣ
еǵĺܴһ߸Ӵסʮĸˣߵ˶סһУ˵ͬһ༶ͬѧסһᣬǵ߸ӲѧУǵ׼һᡣ
ˣѧУҲûʲô취Ϊ˲ЩȺ֮Ӱ쵽ͬѧѧУԷȻͬˡ
ߣôŪӣ߱˷˽ڴֻһߴͣʵɻʵеУԡ
ԵĻ˯˶˹һҵӣһʵ߳ʲôˣǲ¥ʱֻ˿ŮˣСĲŴ¥ϻ
˵ЦҲЦҲΪǱ˴Ǹӣǵ߸ţѧУڣѧУϣ˲֪˲û˸ǣǲˡ
ǡֵǵЦһͨ죬ݺݵҧ˵Щŭ֮⣬Щ־֮ɫ
ߵܣô£ѵ㱻˴ˣߵӣзźݹʵѾжϳ߾Ǳ˴ġ


382 ҪɱӺ
ѧУһҷиһｫ߸ӷ˳ȥһӶǡΪӣô˵Ҳ˼˵лʹһɫл˵˳
ʲôļҷ˾Ȼ߶֣ǲˡлĻһֻһĵ꣬ȻӴ˵
ǿ׳ƻŨڵüëһ𣬿ʵߣôһ£ϸ˵һ˵
߾Ͱ鷢˵һ顣
ߣû˵Ѱɣô˽ƾһ仰Ƿŵеӣл壬ô£һ˵ȻһӴ
Ҳ֪ʱô£˵һǰӾͷŵԭλãҵʱһƬհף˹ʱǶѾѵӷԭλˡлɬЦһ£ЩµĿ˿λꡣ
˵ԷĻͦģ˵䣬˭ֻҪ۸ֵеκһˣǶҪۣҾͲǽϰٺˣ򲻹ߺߡһɫ䡢˫Ŀ΢΢б˵ھʦһ
磬㿴£˵꣬ĿͶ˹Űڴϵԡ
ǵֵܣǱ뻹ȥģҪȻţοһɫǻΪ۸л壬ҽȥʮ֮ѧУſڼϣԽԽãҾͲβǡз˵
ǣϴ󡣡л˷ܵĹâһ˿ĺɫ
磬ɱӺŴϻ۵Ĺâ˵
ϣܶ˶ǵʣǷλһѵǿ³ߣҲüһȥ˵ȻӴ·һһ߶೤Ĵָֽ֪Ǵõġ
⼸Ҳ׷״Ӵ̵ȡһЩһ붼Ǵӻĵϡϲ
ߣúϢǵĺϢԽַߵļҡҡ˵
磬ȥɣ뿴ôѵǵģлᣬԽѵһǸҶֵˡҧз޺޵Ĺâ
ȲҪɣ˵
û££ȥɣ߿ϣȥԷĲ
ðɣһȥ˼һӦ
ԵĻ߸˾߳ᣬ¥ʱ򣬸û˸ҵЩѧУѲߵʦЩˣҲֻǿһۣҲûйܣ֪ǲЩˡ
ʱɷİУѾԱˣϹţԼʮӵʱ䣬ҶСĶ䶯˶Ȼɼʹһɫָָ˴⣬˼˵Ѿˡ
ţСЩҪһ¡ɻ֮վ˵żŮ˵
˱¥ùղŵһӣƷǸֽһİ֣ԼһԴֱӶҪ˶Է
С磬㲻һһҶСֿȭ˳ȥɻʵ
ҲҪЩҶСЦЦ˵ɼҶС˵˵ͷҲû˵ʲô
߳ŵʱֻһȺﶼżһʮ·ںƺƵ˹ǰ棬룬ҶСҲ֪ԷνеղųԷʱ򣬴ɿ֪Щľ
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ߵܣһȺߵҶСǰ׵ĵطͣҶСʵһӸµ̬һٶ˸˵Ҳеһ㡣
˿Щƽһҡżһ꣬ҶСЩЦһɶɬС΢΢¶˷ܣҶСúȤ
һ꼶Ҳٶңÿ꿼ϸеҲֻʮˣѧʵ͵ĿһЩѧӣҶС֪еѧôôĵ͡
ôҶС絭˵лЩЦ⡣
ô˵ûҴˣ˭֪ǾȻҴߵܣһҲǣ첻ǽѵһ٣˻۸ĸߴĿҶС˵˵꣬˻֣ʾ˶֣׼Զ֣ǼڶԷ䣬Ƕ֣µ̽̽


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ֵҶСǰ׵ĵطʱҶС˫ĿէȻǰ߳һƺᣬΧʮ׷Χĵ涼ݺݵ
ҶСеĹâưѰɨڶһۣͬʱһɴŵ֮ɢһ̼䣬ҶСƻɽ˴󺣣޷ƥ֮С
Щһ٣ºƱʲôסˣڵأһֱǰĳȻֹͺǺƺƵ޼ĵŭ˴ӣˮֹͣˣÿһ˫ȶڴкȥеļһｫҶСҸͷѪ˫ŲôǲԼһ㡣
Ȼֻ¶һ˿ǿߵƣƽ쾳ΧռݵıóĻǵᱻһѹڵϣܵˣҶСûôһǣԷȺСʹȫĻǼֱǼŴڴӣСãǣϾͬһϵˣҲ̫֣ǣǶδ꣬Ϊʶ·ֻҪʵһ¼ɣܻܲع;ҪǸ˵ˡ
һȻʲôôͲˣͺƤûһ㣬ô룬Ҳ벻ͨΪʲôⶼҪҪǣԷûĳĶһڳһ壬ѵΪС磿ƽʱ
㣬ôˣɷſڴС鷳ͷһᣬĿͶŷǧ
֪ʲôʱŮӶӶ¥ŷǧ⣬һŵĿ档
Ҳ֪һȥŷǧ˵
Ǹ粻°ɣҶյĵʵ
ᣬġŷǧСԴ˵
Ҷյ˵ͷ΢΢۾һգգĿԼĸ硣
Լһٶڵĳ˹ȥǵ˰;ȴޱȣ֪ʲôˣѵΣ
Ϊ֤ԼǲΣʹšһԼĴȣۣʹԲΣѵǶʹʲôⲻܣΪһܵѧš
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ǣˣû뵽ôǲģһһһسӵġԵǲ
㣿һǶ죿Ϊǹʸ𣿡ҶС缥Цһͬʱ̧Ŷһµ档
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ǰȷʵûʸ˼иʲôǣһٶ˼ҵ·ûʧȥս˵ԷޱȣţЩȻЩй
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ģ㾹ȻҴǴ磬Ū㡣ҶС綯֣һӶŸֹܾ׼֡
ҶСɳһţԷ߷˳ȥĿкųɨһЩ꣬ҶСĿ⿴зǵ嶼ӲˣҶֺ


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һֱǻԴ˼Żп־壬ղҶС罫µЩСܶᷭˣһŽ̤ѷ죬Ȼ֪ҶС˵ãǣȴͬܡ
ʱһȭᵽˣԷȭͷ죬죬ûпԷȭһᵽ˶ԷĿֲøղŶԷֻһ
ǲǾúίҶС綢˵
ίȷǺίʵôǿ۸һСʲôúб͸˴򶷣ЩίЩ
۸С˵ʱû뵽ǵĸܣǲ˵ȭͷǴ۸ҲûʲôҶСʵ
ȷʵģʱо֣Էʲôˣ˼ԷȻȫ˳֣Բͨˣ
ҵȭͷҾ㣬ʲô˵ҶС˵꣬ٸһȭ
ڿᵽЩ˵ĸоȻǵϴ󣬵ȴһϸϴһ˵Ͳ䣬ĵΪµǰСûУڲúѧϰЩ£ҵԺô죿ЩûУ˵˽̻Ƕ䣬̻ʲôΪȭͷǲòϴ󣬵һԷ㻹ܴʱڽһΪһϴҪĲȭͷӲµˣķڷ㿴ҸղŴʱм˲ҪֹûаɣǶķڷĽһϴʱ򣬼ʹҵֲֿޱȣƴֹңЩӦöȥϸɣҾͷŹһΣ´ΣҿɾͲǴȭôˡ˵꣬ҶСתˡ
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ҶСѵһ٣С鷳һԵЦ˻СȭͷҶСЦЦû⡣
ϴʮʱѾˣҪ˯ʱˣС鷳һ߿ӣһ߶ߵŷǧ˵ŷǧһ˯ҶСһƣҺãɽС鷳ˣҪȻϵҸҪˡ
С鷳ߺҶСŷǧʹһɫҪŷǧϵŷǧһ죬ҶСһۼӣԼʮʱ˹ص˵ӣص˸Եķ䡣
һ䣬ҶС罫·ȫѹˣڴϵȴż˵ĵ˺þãûмŷǧЩ꣬ѵߣǰҶС
׼·ȥŷǧķ䣬⴫һĽŲŻƿֻŷǧͨ˽š
ŷǧߵǰͱҶС˴ϣûиŷǧӦĻᣬĽһ䣬о޵ƮΪ䲻ҶСĶҲҹֻѹţעҪһҹ


385 ŷǧ뿪
һҹķ˳˯ʱѾˡ
ŷǧϴŵĺΣҶСĸ첲ϣ嶼ѹҶСϣ൱
峿ֱؼ䣬ʢʱ̣˵һ죬ҶС統ȻҲ⣬ܵ˶Сһ𣬲ǵѾŷǧףҲûٶŷǧˡ
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ʱ䲻ˣǸϽ𴲰ɣҽȥŷǧᶨ˵Ȼ·ҶСҲ·Ҫŷǧġ
˴·ŷǧϴ΢߳ҶСķ䣬ʱǡڿдɨŷǧҶСķ߳оϲɫܺԼĶ˯һô˵Ժʮа˾Ŷһôõһλϱܲˡ
裬ǧЩ飬ҪؼˣȥŷǧҶСϴߵǰҶС˵
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ڻҰ̣Ŀһŷǧ
衭ŷǧߺ
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ҶСһȥеĳƱŷǧͽ˳վվǡþһȥеĳҶСŷǧѴаᵽ˳ϣλ档
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ΪԼҶС磬ҪƴһѣܲϲֻҪһ˿ϣͲеĹâԽԽᶨ
³ҶС粢û뿪վں͸ĿŷǧߺҶС΢΢̾һ߳˳վ
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֪Ǻǣû뵽նôˣᰲοˣ㵽кһúù䡣ҶСҶյСԴ˵
ģɲҪƭң˭ƭ˭СҶðĹâ˵
ȻģôɺӣôƭأҶСЦЦ˵
磬к㻹ҪööĶҪҪ͡Ҫ㽶֡
úã綼Ӧ㡣ҶС谮С鷳ԴС鷳˵һỰеǹ֮ɢ˲٣Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
磬ܲܲҪҵԴˣС鷳ҶСŪ˵ͷС죬ܲĿҶС磬˵Сӵͷǲģ˾ͻ䱿ģ֪һǸ̫ＵˣŹҪҵԴġ
ҶС֪С鷳ǹ˵ģĿΪԼܺһ㣬Щ΢΢ĸжак󣬶С鷳졣


386 ³֮
ڼƽĴʱ䣬ҶСûгȥ䣬С鷳һֱҶС磬ָ£䱾ҶС粻Ҫŷǧ顣
ʱѾˣҶСС鷳ɳϿӣһҶСĹע³ʽĻĵŵ໥չ
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ǿطҲţ׼Ͷȥĸ˾Ըｨ滮ҵֺ;Ȼ³޽Ĺ˾ܶŻߣ˵˰աеϢĴȵȡ
ûһҹ˾Ը⣬ΪҪ޽ôӴḶ́Ͷʽʵ̫ˣһ£һ㲻ãͻɸù˾ʽƱûһҹ˾Ը⣬ˣƬؾͷ֮á
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Ǻǣûʲô£˵ǻԼź輯šŶ³ǿأһôһ£ҶСЦЦʵ
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ȿȡ壬ʱûⷽ뷨ǵұҵԺ˵һս˵̳ǻԼţҶСЩͷۣͶⷽͲȤҲûǸҵϸ
ŶǾ͵ҵ˵սҲҶС绰еѣЩʧʵ³ǿ輯عģ֪ˣȻ֪輯Ҫһĵظʲô輯żȻҪͲǵóˣǣҲȥعύ룬˭֪άҲ뷨Ҳύ룬¾ֿˣ󴫵ķ׷ôС磬¸ʲôսɻʵ
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ѩˣһΪѩھ⼸ҲæҲˣǺǣ͸ѩ绰ҶСһϲ˵ЩΣЩûĽѩС鷳Ͼ͵͵ȥӨңӹúò
ֵһǣӨͬȥˣ˵ȹϼºȥ±˵л
ãûµĻȹˣټ
ټҵ绰ҶСɫѾȷˣҸѾ֪Ѫɫʯͷ³ҪȻôعǿء
֪µˣֻҡѩͶȣѩȻܣһǴӶȿ֪ϢҲ֪ôҶСɫ


387 ׼ǰȥ
˵ãҪȥУҸܲʡģҶСΪѪɫʯͷǾȻڰ·нɱĽѩһ£ǻʲô
ΪǿأǻᶯøΪֶΡ
˼һ󣬲Ľѩĵ绰û壬绰ͱˣҶС綼Ľѩǲһֱֻ
ߣ㻹ǵøҴ绰һΪҶˡֻдĽѩܲʮûд绰ϵȻҶСȺġ
аôǼҵѩˣǲ֪ԴһصҺÿ춼㣬Է㣬˯㣬·㣬ϲҲ㡭ҶС绹׼ϲ˵ȥʱ򣬾ͱĽѩˡ
ͣͣͣĲģ˵ôûУϲңǲϲʱ˴ֽҸһֽĽѩĻȻ˵ģǣҶС绹ܹоеϲ⣬ҶС綼ԤʱĽѩֻϴҸϲá
аԩ㣬ַ붼㣬еλӦ֪ġһҶС綼ԼαʮҲŷǧ飬ȥӨĽѩ綼צ۹ˡ
ߣһ֪ƭˣҵĻôô죬ôҴ绰ĽѩǳĲ˵
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ôǲǱ˵޻˵ˣҶС磬һλᣬлŮûУĽѩʵ˹
СҶСᶨػش
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룬Ҷģг⣬裬ţãǶŮˣôˣѵ㻹ԴףҶСЦЦʵ
ҶС硭۸ңһкҿʵĿһһ£Ҹıˣ˺ֶߣ۸ҡ
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Ȳʲô°ɣУС磬ȥ³Ǳ߿Ľѩĵ˵
һˣȥǵԺһȥѵڰ·ɱ˵ʵҲȥðաҶСϽֹ
ʲôʱĽѩʵ
죬ǧһȥԺһȥҶСٴѵ
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ðɣҾȹˣҵ˺󣬸绰
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ҵ绰ҶС߽˼ʱҶĿѾ˯ˣҶС˽ʵղܵȥˣ
Ҵ˸绰֣裬ȥҶС˵
Ҫߣô죬㲻˵81ղſѧ𣿽720աЩɻʵ
81տѧҵһλͬѧЩҰæҶС͵
ȥɣɲҪѧˡҶС˵Щġ
裬ͷİɣҲ仵ġ
裬Ҳ͸һȥ仵ˣһġʱڿӵС鷳ҶС˵ҪȥУϽעת˹
ãգεؿס磬ûУС鷳ͷ˵
֪ˣ衣С鷳һڴӦҶСգգ۾
ҶСЦЦû˵ʲô


388 ȥǰ
С磬ȥŵöǮ3000ԪҶĿȡһϣһ߳飬һ߶ҶСʵֲݮǰʮڲѧûǮǰֻҪһǮԴʹʱ򶼺ܺ¶ӻؼҡ
֣һǮЩǮŸ˻ɣҶСҡҡͷ˵
ҲǣҶСڲȱǮǲǼÿµķֺ죬ҶСҲôȱǮһеѧÿ3000ԪңҶСһõĽ8000飬һ껹ʣǧ飬ȵȣʣµǮǿǿһá
ûǰƾŽѧƽʱĩС㹤µǮ
ǮжǮǼֲȱǮˣȥ˳óԾͳԸôʹίԼ㿴㶼ݳɶˣţǣǧ飬Ļٸ˵ҶĿһ𣬴ӿڴȡһëүүղһҶСҪߣʹҲǮĵطǧ顣
ҶС籾ҪͲȱǮµʱҶĿҪǮʲô˹ȥڴһкǸжЩǮǸĸѪǮܴݮ׬Ǯǣем֪
ú׼һ£ϵȥˡҶĿ˵һ˳ȥȻͶúģǣ޽Ѿ˹ؼʱܲȥտ
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գҪȥˣŸһȥ͸Ͻȥ׼׼ҶС۾С鷳˵
õģ磬һҪңҪ͵͵ˡС鷳ЩŵĿҶС硣
ôأ𣿸Ͻȥ׼׼ҶСС鷳Դ˵
Ҿ֪ˣȻؼˡҶСѾ˾ĴȥʱüЦЦرãȻҶС緿ʰ˵һͱı˳ȥ
㻹ҪȥУ˳ҶС˵
ѾӦˣȥпҲáҶСЦЦ˵
ȥҪעⰲȫС£Ǳ߿ɾҪˣɲܵʲôίҶС硣
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˵˵һ䣬Ȼ߽ҶСķС
ҶС֪ԼĸЩԸԼȥдҶգϾڻǸѧһиȶĳˣҲǺҶܵʲô˺С鷳龫֡Ƥֻǰİǰ͹ɵСˣòġ
ԼĸߵԼʰҶСЦһ£ȻҶܵίģǣȴܶĸ˵
ڼͣһᣬҶС˳ȥڴתһȦȻͻص˼ңʱɺڿš
ҶС˽ɸҶС綣˼䣬ҶСչ˺ҶգҶղ󣬾Ͷִ
ҶСһڴӦ۾ЩסɵԵС鷳ЦЦһһʼɲͬ⣬һǵյİȫ¸ҶС鷳ҶչôҪȥɣһٴ򣬻ҪҶСȥУû취£ֻҪͬˣʹҶչҶС綣䡣
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ϣѾ˯ˣҶС·ãӴз˳ȥӨļȥҪˣҪӨ˵һǴ˵лϵʱá
ᳵ·£һԾϣ˲ʱͳӨķУӨ뿿ڴϣ飬ҶС˷У飬ŲŲҶСһλá
ôô磿ӨϴĵĴ鿴ҶС絭һЦʵ
ҶС·ȫѹˣ˱ѣԺӨ˵Ҫȥˡ
˵꣬ҶСԸом˲һ£΢΢̾һŤͷЦ˵Ө㣬𲻸ˣǾͿԼˡ
Өû˵ͷҶСĻУĬĬıüĿ֪дʲô
Ө㣬ôˣǲǲȥˣҶСʵ
˼һʱ䣬ˣ绰ġӨ˵ʱȻ
ҶСûǿͷӨĽ촽£ʱ䲻ãӨϸ
ȥӨϵҶСѹϣһ䣬о󻶸衣


389 ټκ
ѩ嵽̫ص糵ϰ˵ӷߵʱС鷳ͺɾҶСС鷳˷ܣһǳԶţǸе˷ܣȻЩ̿֡
ҶСʱ򣬾ʹӨˣ˯øһС鷳ɳЩʱʱĿͶҶСķţЩߣ߽ȥԼıӽˡ
ҶСʱߵʮֵʱ䣬ҶСķڿˣһſӣһ˳ѾڿеȴɺС鷳˵գôǶˡ
ߣ磬ֻ֪˯С鷳Щ˵
ڵһᣬҺܿͺãǴͷĳ˵ӲߡҶСЦЦȥˢϴʱ˽뵰ͱӣҶСС鷳㡣
С鷳ֻ˵ûжͱҶСϴӵʱ䣬Ʋһͱһ뵰
Ѿߵʮˣɾ˵˴ߵˮ·ϣ糵ͣڴ˴
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С磬·Сĵ㣬ûгԶʲôһҪտ
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裬ղʲôµġҶСЦЦ˶ټ˵ǻȥɣͱˣҲҪˡ
¸ĸģŮҪԶˣôҲҪۿŮȥϽϳһͻȥ˵
ҶС˵ͷС鷳˳˸λûã˾ûˣͷˣĴˡ
ﲻԶҶСҵĵҶĿߺһ̣Ȼӵͷæе顣
ʻĻһСʱ̫ܵأǣΪ糵Ҫüӣ;ĴеˣѾʮˡ
ҶС米С鷳ùõһаһС鷳˳
磬Ҫһᡣ˳û߼С鷳Χ˵سǣС鷳ĴҲ壬ôϤԱĴ
Ļһ˹ȥɣʱ򣬾Լӣ¾ˡҶСЦ˵
Ͳ䣬Сĸ硣棬һҪҹ䡣С鷳ҡҶСĸ첲˵ͣЩˣ۾Щڴ
ֻҪܹԹԵĻʹȥ䡣ҶСûЦ˵С鷳ҶС绹Ǻ˽ģԽǸɫԽǾ㣬֮ͻԹԵأè䡣
磬տԵģ˵ǲǣС鷳ҶС첲ҪƵ
ǡҶС򵥵˵һ֣ȻС鷳ƱȥƱȻͺС鷳ֱ˳
˳ϺС鷳ĬֵĺܹɣҶСĻб˫Ŀһ˯ˣΪ֪Ҫȥϼû˯õԵʡ
˰Сʱ󣬴̫صеĴͳˣС鷳Ҳ˹Ǻ֮ɫ⣬һ·û˯Ŵķ羰İĳУԼĸʲôطǴʱҶСѾ˯ˣͣŤͷ⡣
ʻСʱʱ򣬵ͨվҶС׼ʱ˹߾СһС鷳ʵһ·û˯
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ҶСЦЦʱϵ˶ȥһ룬ϽӻаС鷳С˵߰ɣһȥ䡣
С鷳ҶСĸ첲ȥ
ף߳վҶСڳվ濴һˣһŸӶˣҶСǹҳһЦ˹ȥԼղǵЦС鷳ԼЩС¡
þòˣʱ仹ͦġߵҶСһļ˵
Ȼͷһķŭ֮ɫҶСʱһ飬ĵЦЦ٣ˣһۣҲȣڶ濪˼꣬ϣٹȥ͡λ겻ǱǣҶСؼʱڳվǸС͵κҲϴӨҵǸˡ
Ǽ봦ɾûУҶС˫Ŀбųʵ
٣ܷģǼ°úƯ·;˸طˡκϽ˵
ĲǰҾͲ׷ˣΪ֮˵꣬ҶСС鷳ǰһ⳵ȥ׼ֱӻƽС


390 
٣ҪȥҶСҪߣκߵҶСǰʵ
ҶСɫ䣬Ͻ͵٣ᣬһ̡
˵꣬ŲԶһ⳵һСѳ
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٣С˿ҶС磬ͫһжʱһ˿־壬Ҳȥѩ壬ҶСֶΣǴͷβϽ˵٣롣
ѵôģҾͲˣһµġҶС翴˿˵ȻС鷳˳⳵
٣ҪȥС˼ʻλãŤͷʵκŹغãҶС˻֣ʾټ
³ƽҵƽСҶСһĿС鷳͸Щ˷ܵĿ棬ʱǲǻһҶС磬ǸҶС綼С鷳ĵؽţЩС粻ϤĹŽֵ߽СΪС鷳͡
٣ˡСʱʻ⳵㿪ƽСſڣС˵һϽΪ˳ΪҶС˳š
գˣ³ɡҶСſЩС鷳˵Ȼ˳С鷳ӳһ
лл㡣ҶСС˵
٣̫ˣˡСЩнȻ󿪳ˡ
߰ɣգס棬סĵطЩСҪ׼ҶСЦЦ˵
иڣղµطСҶǵıҶСĸ첲ĵЦСԴתͣİĻ
磬Ǵ󡣡˻ᣬҶС˵
ҶСԴ˵ﻹеĽʱ䣬ȥתת
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֪ǰʮҾһֱͷĿҶС磬ȻҲһҶա
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Ժ㣬ȥҶС絭Ŀһ۾˵ȻС鷳ʮ¥ȥ
Բ˲ͷϵĺ飬ϽȻղҶСûнѵǹ۾˹ɹɺ
һ·ϣҶһߴСΧһ߿Լĸ磬к治ѣЩôܺ¸һΪʲôأǸһܣ뵽ҶЩ˷ܡ
ߵ¥ʱҶСסˣʱ¥һŰɫשķӣռҲǰ֪˶ٱĿһ£һٸƽңɫķŵ͵ţװ޵ĺǾ¡
Ǹһ£ֱǰǰķһݡ
ҶСŤͷһľԣûй˼ҶС֪ǶΪԼ룬׼ºƵһЩѵҪȻֻЩһĵԽԽ
һȥ߳ºƣһ죬Ƕĳͷ´Σ͸ŵһȦѧ丸ȥҶСŤͷ˵
ǣ١Թĵ亹
ʲô㶣ϽŴ򿪡ҶСûĿһ۾ԡ
ǡԸϽӿڴóһԿף˷ţ㣬һɫţһ㲣š
٣ţԹ˵
ߵſڣҶСŵһɷװ޺ɢļȩȵȻѧҩľϵζüͷתͷС鷳С鷳ſɰСӣһӡ
գվһȥȥһ¡ҶС˵
Ҷչɵĵ˵ͷȻվһߡ
ԣʲô⡣ҶСŤͷ˵һ䣬˽ȥ
ԭСŮǷٵãһΪãһ
Сãʲô֣ǲǷٵãߵҶǰЦʵ
ҽҶգôҸз٣ҶպʵƺЩԼĸ磬ҶյĵҲˣİ˵ĻͲشԷĻ
㻹ʷٰɣЦһ˵ûҶСɲҽҶС˵ȥ
ҶͣжԼĸǺˣһûа


391 Ľѩ
߽ҶС翴˿һһһһķݣԼжʮƽңװ޵ĺܾ£ӡɳ輸辰ȵȵҪƷܼȫ
ǷڸּҾߵİ衢ǵɫܴ䣬ԵúȻгǻͦĵģҶС
Ȼǰ˺ܶ࣬Ҳž˺ܶ࣬ǣȴ˾һİ֮УҶС֪أϾԭǸƷסʱ䣬ƹʱ䣬Ӧ˾ͻá
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ܴӿţǣԾŨŨʽҾߺǽɢζζϢ
ҶС˫ۣΧռеķԵɫ㣬˲ʱ䣬ͻȻ֣
󣬷ƾչһ磬һҶСʶĿ֮£䣬Ҿеķ϶ǽͿϷ֮䣬зɣɷ紵ⷿڸĿĿѸٵĽӵʱ䣬ҶСɫЩ԰ס
ڳһɵº͵ζǹͿϵζȫʧˣƸղҶСĺܼ򵥣ʵѶȲںһĸִһ
ΪҶСҪ߶ȼоҪ֣Ҿߵķ϶Щ΢СζȫھƿҪܸߣһƫп÷ԵĹ۹࣬γ˷ķüҾ߻ٵ
ҶСת˼ɫָ治˸ɵĻЩһҪһ޽ãҷôζ
едС鷳ַ˴ʯ輸ϣתߵſڣĵ˵ɣѾûʲôζˡ
С鷳۾һһ˽ȥڸתҶСЦЦղĹиѾϤˣķһŶĵһ䣬ΪԭеһжǸУһһǳºǲ֪ҶСҪʲôʽĴҲûиеһЩʩͦƵģӦоС
ǲǳº˽ŲרŵҵģҶСʵ
󣬾εЦЦ˵ǣӷ޳ɺҾһֱš
ǵı»СȻܰԭķӲٸһԳºƵԸһǱСĹԱˡҶС˵
ҲǱȣǻСǮԹؿҶС͵
ǮҶСһһâǸòǰõɣ
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ʱˣľѾˣбʺֽûУҶСһ۾Ϳ˾ԵΪ˵ֻҪԷͻƵؾ磬͸´һ׹
Улл١ҶСĻԴϲһɫ֪ܲҶСҪʲôϽӿڴóһ֧ʺһŰֽ˫ЩĵݵҶСǰ
׼˺ܾðɣҶСЦЦӹʺֽɳ΢΢˼һ󣬾ڰֽϹûйӵʱ䣬һ徭·ԾȻ֮ϣ滹бע
ⲿԪúɣͻƵᵽⲿˣһӵʱ䣬١ҶС罫ʺֽ˹ȥ
лл١Ըм˵ȻרĵĿԼĪһӵʱ䣬̧ͷ
٣ҼˡԽеֽ˹
ȥɣúҶС˵ӹֽâһֽͱ˷ĩһӣͻ˳ȥ
ߺҶСûиĽѩ绰Ͻߵ沦Ľѩĵ绰ĽѩԼѾˣĽѩҶСԼһСʱˡ
磬סĵطÿƯҶС߽䣬С鷳ðĹâ˵
ϲãȿӣǰѱɹһ¡ҶС˵ȻаС鷳С߽Լķ䣬Ѷȫźãϵı˳ȥɹ˿ϡ
һ磬ЩҪͲȥˣòãȥҶСС鷳˵
ðҪȥһ˴ﺦ¡С鷳һɶ˵
ҶСεĵ˵ͷǸ鷳Ҷһ˴ڷЩġ
Ҿ֪ˡС鷳ҶСĻ˵
磬ô٣
Ƕҵ𾴡ҶСһʱ֮Ҳ֪ôͣ˵һ䡣
ŶС鷳ЩƶǶĵ˵ͷкܶҪʣȴ֪ʣǾתͷĲɵĿŶƬſž˯ˣҶСĻУҶСЦЦùңһ̨ע⼸еš
ԼһСʱʮӵʱ䣬洫˵ĽŲҶСһĽѩĽŲ
С硭ĽѩЩ߻Щε˽һ˲ɫ䡣


392 Ҿå
Ľѩһ󣬸ղŻЩϲõɬЦʱòҰޱȣȻŮӣΪʲôΪʲôѵ绰ҵЦģ
ҶսͷҶСĻУſڸͿףֻܿһȹӵŮҶСĻУҶСҲǵıŶԷҲѹĽѩ룬һŮӿܻǵķһ£ĽѩǸĴ̳ӣҲ֮С
ѩôˣĽѩĽҶСŤͷǡÿĽѩ׵龰ĵʵϽ߹ȥĽѩôˣǣС鷳˯Уˡ
ôˣڻбŮӻôˣĽѩԽԽŭ˫Ŀж˻Ŀɱ˵ĻҶСһΡ
Ľѩı仯ҶСУ⡢ŭҵʲô¾ȻôңҶСɻĪ
磬ˣǱҶС˵ˣҶմҶСĻ˯˵Ȼſڿȥ
磿Ľѩһ㶣ϵǹɺͷŭ˲ʧĿͶҶգһСӣӵĴס
СãĽѩ
Ľѩϵı仯ҶС羪治ѣҶСʱûжʣΪĽѩܵѩ壬ϽҶգ˵ҪУҪ
գѩ㡣ҶС谮ҶյСԴ˵
ѩ㡣ҶչɵĽһĽĿĽѩ˵㳤ÿ
գҲܺÿܹԡĽѩϾǲõЦݣ˹˵ȻС鷳һ̧࣬ͷݺݵĵҶСһۡ
ߣ󻵵˵ãһӣ֪˶ϸĽѩ
ҶСЦһ£Ҳ֪ԼôĽѩȻܿ˵仯ȴܴ֪ԭ򣬿ҪҸʣҶС⡣
һ£ÿˣҪǷǰǸУƽȥˣԵӵĲˡһҶСķ䣬˵
ǣÿ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˲٣ȴЩϰߡҶСЦЦ˵
ѩȴ绰ͨûУʱҶС뵽˶ȵ⣬ĿͶĽѩ˵
ͨˣûʲôԾĵطĽѩɻ˵
ߣȥȼһҪŪǲ˵˳ȥ
Ľѩ˵ͷվ
գЬãߡ
С鷳ϽЬϣҶС粻һ㡣
һߡҶսЬúĽѩҶվȥһ㣬ʱݺݵصҶСһۣС鷳ʱ򣬿һԼĸ磬ҶС˵ͷ
Ҳ߰ɣҶСεĿһĽѩıӰȻ˵Ҳ˳ȥҶСã¥
򿪳ţĽѩС鷳ѰѺλռסˣҶСʻϣҶС統ȻĽѩԸ
ѩǱһ㣬øҲ¡ҶС翴С鷳˵
С鷳ɵľĽѩǱȥȴĽѩסˣûˣǰȥĽѩЩ΢΢ĿҶС˵
ĿջܴҡҶСε˵֪ԼôĽѩ
˵ûվûաĽѩҶСһۣ΢΢ģԵö
ҶС̾һװɫȻӣ͹ص˳ţҶվԼĸڵӺܿЩӵĶĽѩ˵ѩ㣬ϸġ
ʱĽѩЩڣҶС粻ˣǣŮͰԼϲкӷСƢȡһЩ
ˣȻʱСһ𡣡Ľѩ˵̧ͷЩĵ⣬ûҶСӰһţѵСȥˣ
ʱһߴ˹ھͿһ𣬺ٺ١
ĽѩŤͷȥȴ֪ʲôʱҶСѾߵĳŴˣҪ
ȥλ㡣Ľѩüһ˵ֻ׼ҶС磬ֻжҶС绹˺λϡ
ߣƤ񡣡Ľѩ֪ԼҶСʻλˣһҶС˵
֪񣬺ٺ٣Ҫǲĺ񡣡ҶСٺһЦ˵
åĽѩ΢΢һ졣
Ҿåå˭ھҪһåҶС˵ֽ꣬Ľѩ˻УȻ̬ȣҾͲβ㣬ҶСղĽѩ̬ҲҶС΢΢Щ
åſҡĽѩҶСĻţǣҶСǺεȵĴôҶСǹҳһ˿ЦݣһĽѩĻԲȻĽѩĶߴһ
㶼˵åˣҲһåͿˡҶС˵ȻͺסĽѩĶ


393 ﶭȼ
ĽѩһˣֹͣϷƬղҶСߴһʱо;Щ¶ʱҶС纬סеĵطһɳ嶯ĸо塣
оĽѩĽȻ޻ţҶСᲦŪһĶȻҧһ£ֻе鲻ԽĵૣʢĽѩ͵ˣȴʲôϾڳοС鷳Сڡ
Ϸһ»ǿԵģҶС̧ͷĽѩֻպĶܼˮ˫룬ˮѾˣͷĽѩĽ촽ϸƷζһ£Ȼ̧ͷЦĿĽѩ
һԵҶտĵɴ۾˲䣬ͱȥͷСϾɬ磬ջڸǰأô
ͻȻ䣬뵽ŷǧ˵ǧǸŮôڸͱŮ죬ףǸĵĻˣţתȥͷҶСһۣһǻ
ܵС鷳ҶСû⡣
åޡƬ̣Ľѩ˹ҶС绵ЦſϽҶСĻ˼ڣеĲ
ٺ٣ղŸоôҶСЦʵĽѩظͣ
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ˣһʲôҶСƲƲ˵
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ǸһˣǸͽһȥġС鷳˵·ʶԼ˵©˻˼ĿҶС磬һСࡣ
һС鷳˵㣬ҶС֪Ҫˡ
㣿ĸ㣿Ľѩһ㶣ȻЦʵ
ѩɲҪ룬ǡҶСϽ͵Ľѩ˻£飬οڱС鷳˳ȥ
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գѩ㣬ղ˵ĸ㣿ĽѩЦݵʵ
ǧ㣬͸ҲǺ졣С鷳֪Լ˵˻һתٵ˵
죿Ľѩظһ䡣
ŷǧҲǵѧУСеǸ𣿼ƵŮӾŷǧǴ飬Ҿʹ绰ˣǾŷǧҶС͵أĽѩˣûڴҶСĻ
ĽѩûɵĿ⿴ҶС磬ȴû˵ʲô
ǿ쵽ˣ·ߣǻ³һξɣʱǰ˵
˶Ťͷ˴⣬ֻܶǻĵأ˱̵ҰݣǰһЩƵĴ䡣
ͣһƽ·ϣȻ˳
·ȴǺܲӿݣ˵שͷ飬Ƴ棬ܰѳҪɢˣߵסݳɵǽ֪˶ٷ꣬Ҫˡ
磬ﻹǵĴӡС鷳˿ΧɰСӣ˵
ǺǣȷʵЩǸطˡҶС˵
ǰһ·Ȼһ䣬·ҶС綼Щֻһӳ·ʺĽѩС鷳Ůס˱ӣֻüͷҶСһ㷴ӦҲûС
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С磬һҡĽѩָһþɵ˵
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ҶС磬ĽѩôˣȽеӿǽϣ˹˵
ǼһͦҵġҶСЦЦ˵
үүϢЩ㣬ȥɣ˵ȻʹҶСȥ


394 ڳѪɫʯͷ
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˵ģҲûа취һĶȼֿɬ˵
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ҲǱҡȵ˵ͷ˵ҵңȥĽѩǴõöѪɫʯͷ˵ҪǿԲȡһЩ˵Ĵʩ֮Ҫ֪ѪɫʯͷĳҺǻ˺Ľѩ͸
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ҪҶöʯͷЩŹ֡ҶС˵
һݺһеѪɫʯͷͱˣһŨĺƮתͱҶСڣʱ䣬͸оԺлһƬ߲ʹâͻָͥǿ񾧿ǰһЩһЩ
ѵǿ˵ľҶСʶһϵѷֺ£ˣٶȿ˺ܶࡣ
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Ǻǣûʲôֻ溬һЩֵҶСЦЦ˵
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С鷳ùʯͷԾһӣߵĽѩߡ
С鷳ӣҶСЦЦ


395 Ľѩ
ȣ⼸Ҳעһ㣬ʲôҪʲôĻʹ绰ҡҶСûЩ˵С鷳ŤͷŶ˵
õģСͬѧһڴӦüĿ仹Щǡ
ҶСǻܲʲôЦЦ˵İɣҾͻѱ㣬Ҫʰסĵط
ҶСĻöȷҲЦݣһȥʰһӡ
󣬼һ󣬶Ⱦͻؼˣ˳׼أҶСȻں棬βͬǣС鷳м䣬ĽѩҶСϷˡ
ΪһĳҲû˯ãûд³Ƭ֮߳С鷳ͿҶС˯ˡ
С磬ҪͲȥˣֱӸһȥôնҲͦġͨƽСĲ·ʱ˵
ҶС罫ĿͶĽѩֻЩΣϸֳƬΣµ˵ͷ˵ðɣ
˵꣬ϴŻЦĿĽѩ
ϣҺһ˯Լ˯һ䡣Ľѩͷ˹С˵˵꣬Сˣ϶뵽ĩǰǽҶС˯Ǽҵ龰
һ׼һ˯һ䣬ǣȻղô˵ˣһһ˯ҶСС˵
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ƯľС鷳ġ
ѩ㣬ȥ棬㿴ÿĶĽѩЦЦоǽ㿴õĳ谮֮ɫҲǣֻһСͱȽϹµû棬ʱҶСˣеһƬհס
ððһȥ𣿡С鷳ʵ
ȥȥȥˡĽѩ˼ѾȷҲϣҶСһȥ
գѩȥ䣬绹ЩҪС鷳˵꣬ҶСĿͶĽѩǸĿ
ĽѩЩʧ
ʱСγĽѩҵıУһֱͣװ޵ļΪ¥棬˳˽ȥС鷳ΪһôôİЩܱĽѩ֣ں档
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396 ս԰æ
ѩˣãֻһԡһţɳϵĽŤͷһ˵ͻȻԼŮиİСŮĿһƣҶС磬ɳϴ΢Ц˵СҲˣϿ⼸콨Ի߶㡣
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397 һ
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֣С磬ԷˣٲԣǾͳˡдĽѩ
ǺǣѾͷļսԺǺһЦһ¸ղЩصգǸ֣С磬ߣȳԷ극˵
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һʱ䣬ûгԷղŻôȻʱĺܶС鷳Ҳһһֻһ뵰پûгĶҶСսһԷһţС鷳ͷԸͣһǣ˼ķ̫óˣҲˣĽѩЦЦС鷳м˺ܶˡ
ĽѩС鷳ȥĹ뷿ҶСս˴УһƷźƣһ˵Ÿղδ˵Ļ
725ţμͶжʮ߼ʵۺҵǲ֪³ʲôܣкܶҵǿزŶֵģ輯Ҫ³ػЩѡս˵
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ҶС˽ֹͣ˴֣ĽѩҶС˵ҷʲôϽȥҪ˯ˡ
һ˯ţ͸ҶС˵ĿתĿĽѩǰ¶ѩףһа
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ٺ٣ظףɲһ£ҶС˹ȥ˴ϴŻЦ˵
Ͳ̫ˣСӵ澹Ȼ˵Ļģ°ǵս̻ˡ
ѾСˣǺǣ֮ʲôϵһ£ҪôСҶС翴С鷳һۣȻĿͶĽѩ


398 Ҫ
С鷳ɫߺ죬˫ְС˵磬å硣
С磬㿴ն˵㣬οˡĽѩȹϵ˿ƵϣҶСƺЩ⡣
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ҶЩΪĿһĽѩȻĿͶҶС磬磬Լְɣ
ҶСҲ֪С鷳ֻܰС鷳ͣҪ˵ϾԼ˵ԼʹƤٺҲЩҲס
ҪʲôĽѩҶС˹ˣɫһ˿ŵĿҶС磬ҪƽʱʲôǣʱС鷳ڣȻҶС
˵Ҫʲôˣٺ١ҶСһЦȻ˹
Ľѩһͼ㿪ٶȻһ֣ҶСѹ˴ϡ
գϿ򻵵ܡĽѩţһץͷʹҶСԴǣ׼ôôһЧûС
ҶյȻĽѩԸԼĸ磬ޱƣϽŤȥͷװûҲûп
С磬ҪӣĽѩκҶС磬ҶСЩ֮ɫ˵
ܵ˶Ľŵǵ㣬ҶСȼգѪڣ޲ýµˣ͵ҲֻѣȲĽѩԸⲻԸ⣬ʱС鷳һشŵĵݡ
ǿѹ´ҶСĽѩߵ˵ҪҪȻҾͰҹ͵͵ܽ
ҡĽѩҶС硣
˵ҸҲңҶС˵Ȼ󣬿ٵĵͷĽѩ촽һ£̧ͷЦĿĽѩ
ŶһҪҶСЦЦʹĽѩ˿һԱëëܵС鷳˵գˣҪŶ
֪ˣ硣С鷳ŤͷѾֿˣɵ˵
׼һ磬ҪǸҾͲˡҶСС鷳˵
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ѩ㣬㲻ϲҸ磬ôҸأС鷳зһ˿ĹâЦ˵
գȻȡЦ㣬Ҵ򡣡ҶյӣĽѩﻹҶǹƵģͷҶգ˴һ
Լʮʱ˯ʵҶСſڴһŲҶС۾ѵˣţһϲ
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ĽѩŤͷĵҶСһۡ
ٺ١ҶСЦһ˫һͰĽѩ˯ĽѩϽסҪ֣ҶСһ㶣û뵽Ľѩ滹ա
ѩ׵ļ֬㷢סһֵסǰļͦ¶һ֣ܼ˵Сӯӯһգ˫޳ҶСֱ̿ˮ
·ǸоҶСٿĽѩ굽˱ңٶҶС簵զࡣ
ҶСѵϵȫҲ˱ѣǺƳһ⻬ĽԸоеļ˲һ¡
ҶСһСѾͷڶˣ棬ܵЩʪһϲ׼ٽһʱĽѩͻȻӦ˹ץס֣˫ۡ͸󣬡С磬ҪǽϣҸ㣬ڲС
ҶС綼Ҫ޳ˣҲ氡յ˹ؼʱ̾͵סˣⲻϷŪĻһ˶ò΢΢Щʧһƽ˴ϡ
һӣˣֻĽѩĺ
С磬ˣĽѩһҶС磬ԲĲ
ҶСûлشĽѩһҶС磬ҧ˵˲Ҫԡ


399 Ľѩİ
ҶСȷмǸ˶ϲ֮ʱϣָоͺƱ˼˰УֲܣȻصˤ˵ϡ
Ҳ뵽ףĽѩǮ˼ҵĴС㣬ܵĶͳĽŮЩ鶼ǱȽϿеģߣǺ֮ˣôҶС緢ϵҲ֮С
ȻⲢ˵ĽѩϲҶС磬෴ʵ̫ҶСˣҪȻҲҹҶС磬ô췢ϵһ˼ϵԼǣҶСˣ˵Խ׵õֵģԽȥϧҶС磬ҲҶСиͷҶСʱʱ
Ѿκϣˣ׼Ľѩһ˯һĽѩĻҶСһת˵ģ
ҶСеϲãĽѩһҶСϲͨޱȣɬĵ˵ͷ˵ģһЩرҪҿɲͬ⡣
ȷĽѩ˵ģҶСĻŭţĽѩĽѩͷҡĸ˹һ㣬ϵĺζӵ˶ϣУУ̫ˡ
࣬һ㶼֮࣬޳޹ղŲǶ˵飬ʲô𣿡ҶС˵
ǡĽѩЩΪ˵
ðɣԥһǴӦᱡë̺ϣСԴһ꣬굽˱УҶСһֻСЩץסСֵܣһȵĸо
ѽ㣬ⲻǳ㽶ҪҧһҧԺҸûˡҶС˵
ҶСָ£ĽѩĶϤҲ֪˶ãһͺаڷй˳ȥһĽѩСԴ¶˳˵ģĹˮҶСһ첲档
ں𣿡ĽѩΪɬʵҲҿϣҪǰԲԸ⡣
ţû뵽Ǽѩˮƽͦߵģٽٺ١ҶСһ߸Ľѩ⻬ļһ˵
ˣѩǸأҶСЩֵʵ
ʲôĽѩЩɻ
ǸѵˣҶС˵ĽѩɫЩ˼ʱ֪Լ¶ˣûصѾͷôȺʫֱӣʫȰ˵²ȥ
ҶС˵һ䣬ؽĽѩ˻С
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һѾˣĽѩڳ˯ţüͷЩ΢壬Ҳ֪ʲôΣùͷֻһѾŵˣεЦЦС鷳ϰ߿϶Ѿˣʱ򣬽ҲѾ֪˯һˡ
쵽ҶСĶĽѩ˹һжͶ⣬һǰѩһҲҶСڸ
㶣ĽѩͷҶС˫۷ֱĿϸֳһƬ죬ҶСһ˵С磬ˣ
ŵˡҶС˵
ŵˣҲ֪ǲ֪ˡĽѩЩ
붼֪ˣ𴲺ģʵҲûʲô£費Ѿ֪ˣοҲʲô˵顣ҶС˵
㺦ģҪô֪ĽѩһҶС˵ҶСšһ¡
˴·ϴһ£ȥĴֻС鷳һɳһ߳ʳһ߿ӣС鷳СЩ΢죬˵磬ѩ㣬˯ˣڳУϰȥˡ
գѩȥ䣬ЩҪߵҶߣҶСԴ˵
ðɣһҪȥ䣬ҪȻҾͻȥߴ裬ҲáС鷳˵
ã⼸󣬸һȥúù䡣ҶСӦȻŤͷĽѩ˵ѩ⼸Щæվͽнˡ
Ľѩ˵ͷЩʧ֮ɫ
ѩҲ֪Ǹ飬⼸æһһȥ䣬ˡҶСһǸĿĽѩ˵
С磬߰ɣҶСߵſڣĽѩʹ˹
һ٣ҶСŤͷ˵ˣһΰɣ
˵꣬ҶСӰʧˡ
ҶСԶȥıӰĽѩЩ΢΢ĶһСš
߳ҶС翴˿ܣûˣһһʧֱޱ԰ͣ
ףſ·ʮӵʱ䣬ɫ˹˹˳˹ҶС͸涼һɫĺӣǵɢѪ֮


400 ۵ĺʫ
ڣһʮˣǿԲͬĹңнڹͷĺˣн𷢵İˣкڷƤˡ
סžâӡǿ׳ԿȺ˺ܲ򵥣˵ǹЩ׼ŵĹӶ
֪ҪȥҪʲôҶСüͷһȥĴ㣬Ǵ⣬˼ʲô£ο·ޱȣûʲôڵĶܸ١
˿۶ȥ˹˹ҶСҡҡͷŤͷǰȥ
Լ˶ʮӵʱ䣬ǡһ⳵ֱ㵲ȥΪ糿·ϵ˽ҳĶ࣬ͣͣ˶Сʱʱŵƽҵ֡
ѧУż˵ԭƽҵֱ࣬ԷҲǺܶ࣬ʫҵĵУѦһæµţ˿еƤֻǲǸϧӰһ·߹ܶ˶ͷкǶ֪ҶСһƬĻЩϵҲ֪ҶСǺʫѣϾҶС羭ԵѰҺʫ
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ԼʮʮֵʱһϸӰ˹ص·ڸǲסǷӴࡢţ˿ԶĹµҪƷҡҷĶ㣬ǿԼķҷ
ʫںʫԶĵطҶСֺŮۣʱҶС޲ýرڻУҲֻѡ
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һʮֵʱ򣬵мûˣһ˿Ѧ񷼶źʫ˵ʫʫȥǱתһȦʲô͸Լ극Ϣһˡ
˵꣬תͷҶСС磬ҲûгԷɣһʫʫΪһ㷹ʫʫտǺܰġ
˵꣬Χȹһϴ˳ȥ
ʫʫʲôϢҶС罫ʫڵ˵
ʲôҾͳʲôʫǳЦһ˵
ҶСЩͷۣҲ֪ʲô۾˳򣬷ְԶƹϣ˵ˣһɣ˿ƹô
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ҶСæµϴˣв˵ȵȣʫĿҶС磬ˮȦȦϴųճյǳЦ֪Щʲô
һҶСͰˣ˵˺ʫǰȻٵƤһʫһ߳Էһ߿ҶС磬ޣҶС統ȻܹܵõкǸж


401 ˽İ
ʫһУҶС綼ܸܵõܿʫɢŨŨķۺɫذ⡣
ϽԷɣʫһ㿴ҶСЦ˵
ʫĵ˵ͷϸֳһĨߺ죬ͷŷˣĻشҶСһ㶣ղǻֻϷ˵û뵽ʫȻˣشĻô档
ǸӵĿһۺʫŮΪԸʲôҪΪ룬ҶСĪЩʹΪŮʹʱķ˳Ѿûζͬаģһᾡ
󣬺ʫɫʰꡢӣͺͻݵСϱʫһŵѡֻΪʶĽѩĽѩȻԣСŵҲܶ࣬ĵаģҶСİҲͬİЩԵռУļͥйء
ʫĽѩռݵλһأʫ˽еΣܶʫһЩ
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󣬺ʫҶСһۣЩ΢΢ߵĵͷϵĺθʤˣԣҶС˵е뷨
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һĻʫޱȣʲôûʣȻҲʣҶСʱȻġ
ÿ͸㡣ҶС罫ֱ˹ȥ
ʫϲ֮ɫù±һ㣬С磬ʲô
ǿڻȪ·ϱ˰ӣҶҾòŲˣ͸ƬҶӡҶСЩ˵
ҶС΢΢ЩʫеıͱĹ㣬ɢ˿С
ʫ㶵ĿѾɢ˵ıЩ΢΢ţǾԼȻҶС͸ĶŪɢˡ
оʫľţҶСḧһ˵ģֶ˶೤ʱͻԶɢġ
ҶСĽͣʫһų˲õЦݣС磬лл㡣
˵ллҶС˵һΧγƬƬӨ͸Ķ㻨ЩΧתźʫиж֡
ҶСʫգĽۺ촽һǣ·ǵȼ˺ʫѹõ˼ҶС硣
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ҶСһźʫһȥϵ·ʫСʫ˴ϣҶС縲һǰĸʡ
Ƭ̺˵ʹӷд˳


402 Ӷ
һ֮󣬺ʫҶС֮ϣϸŷ֮ĳ졣
ȢΪǸжðҶС縧źʫͬһ㼡̾һҲȷʵǣһӣҪµ˳ϵ˴ʫȱͻΪԼ룬ȢΪȷʵԼĸ֣ȴҪĽѩںεأԸ񣬶Ȼᵱˣ֪ԼͺʫϵԼַ뵽ҶСһͷۣƲɼð
ֻҪҾͺˣĽѩӵѡѾͲҪ˵ˣҲԸΪѡʫҶСʵ˵
̫ɵˣģܻа취ģҾͲƲܼãʱǮںһСҰһȢˡҶСЩ۵Ŀźʫ˵
ǣʫ̧ͷɻĿҶС磬ҶСеĲͬ˵ĽѩĻҶСһ˵ǣѩһȢˣǣҶСȴ˵ǰȢˣ˵ҶС绹Ůˡ
ǺǡҶСεЦЦû˵ʲô
ҲںǷбŮˣֻҪ֪һŮˣʵᷳ˵ĻֻҪ˵һԶ뿪ģԲ㡣ʫ˵Щ΢΢Ȼ
˵ʲôҶСôˣǲҴ򣿡ҶС˵ţںʫ̵ͦƨһ¡
ɲǼ䣬ʫǿҪʵĳҶСһһһɫͼ
ʱһУĴڣµɳˣһװġ۾Լʮꡢͦ˹ĵģ߷ɫĴƤ䣬һ˺ƤźɫĽ䡢һھĿհӥһϬ
˵ΧһȺԲʷŵ½սѥɢſ񱩵֮ŮڸҾϡ
Э飬ȸ㶩һǧң鿴á۾װӽŵɫĴӳ˰ɫĴʯ輸ϣȻ˿ֻһһëүү
ЩɫĳƱеж¶̰ɫЩϲá
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˵ĴźΪһȺһײеŮ졣
ҲǸˬˡװ۾ӹһЦȻӿڴȡһŷ⣬ŷһƬĿƬЩˣŮ⣬ֻۣҪǿһʱͿˣŮǲȱһë
ȻסɫһЦ¶ɭɭݣЩ˿־塣
ǰǿס󣬿ǰǣǼǮЩȫǵģܲܵõǮҪǵˡ
ŮҲһܣ
ǵģܹ˺ǣɾΥԼˣʣµǮǿɱáװ۾һ˵
󣬺ɫɫһ㣬˫Ŀзһ˿ɫѪâ˲䣬еĹâ˽ȥһЦ˵ģǲǵģ뿪ĻҪǵİæ
ãܰȫĳʦǵˣй©ʲôܵģȥɹҲǵˣǷģȫûʲô⣬ֻҪǰ첻ȥˣϾ̫עĿˣȻǶ˳⣬ȷƽ˾֮ô涼ǡ
ʲôʱǶ֣
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ӳε»׬ܶ࣬ǳӶſҪˡװ۾ߺһ΢΢Щֵһ߸ߵĹ̨˵оϲãһСתͣ
Ҫ˵̫ˣҲ򵥣ղǸ˾λ֣˻ز©ˣҲ֧ӶŵĶӳ˵
֣Ŀһ췢ŮŤˮһ֫˵
ѵǻڳԺڣǵӣ󣬾ͷϵɣҿǻûǸʵǳӶŴż껹û¹˭ֵбų⡣
ƻǲȫţһ׼˵˶ӳ˵˸ǻ֮⡣


403 ΪӪ
ϵǣ׼һһֱʱ׼Ӧǡ΢΢˼һ󣬳ӶŵĶӳɳһ߱۾Ӻܰ׵˵
ǣӳȡıȡ˳ԣ˲輸ϣ򿪣ž˼̡
弫Ϊǿ׳ĶӳߵǽǴ򿪣һɫĴаȫɢϢǹ֧Щǹ֧ЩѻǹAK-47ȵȻȽ͵޴ը
˿óһAK47ڷ棬飬ǹ޴󣬺ˣ֮˱ǿ׳ҪȻƾǺܰѸ첲ˡ
Ƕ׼øԵǹ֧СǼȥ̽һƬ⼸˵ӶŵĶӳŤͷһӵͷƤ˵
Ƕӳ˵輸ϵƬ˿Ȼ󣬷˹ȥٿƬıЩ˵Ϣ
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裬ˡʫ˵ȻͷҿѦ񷼡
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ѦߺҶС粻˼ЦЦʫҶСһۡ
ĽѩһҶСںʫĿ뿪ˡ
ٺãҶСӺʫ߳󣬾ΤֵĴӪһЩԱҶС繧˵
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١ҶСĵ
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ԭˣѹˣǹҵǿ󰡣ҶС̾һ˵
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407 ҸӵĲ
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ߵǰ治ԶһǰͣкܶΣΪ·Ϣõģȴ顣


409 ŵŮ
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ʱ°ʱ䣬ֵǳ˶ԵøΪŶȹصòŮӸǽֵķ羰ߣ֪ж˴ʱ˫ĿŹĶſ
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410 K跿粨1
ƳǣһУжߵһޱȷҵ֡ΪһĴͽ˵ǳ⣬Ϊĵط
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411 K跿粨2
ںμѼֻۻ۵Ļ󣬸Ͻе˷վ鼱̨ܵǰص˻ڲŵ֣ʱҶСҲվչǿʶѰõӰղõļʱΪţҲҶ϶ǲǡ
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412 һҹ
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⵵£ҶСһ˳Ҳûʲôˣص佫Щˮװ˳ȥʱѾʮˡ
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óһսԵĵ绰Щɻ󣬲֪սʲô£ǽ


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ĽѩȻᱻܣô£ҶСĴиٵתţŵʲô˰ܵĽѩƾĽѩ仰ƶϲʲô
壬ôһ£ҶСʵ˫ĿвͣźĹâ
㻹Է԰ٺϸ˵绰ϲ㡣ս˵
ðɣ壬һᾡϵ
ҵ绰ҶСֱӸºƴһ绰˿ԼȥߵƽСǰ·ʱһɫı˹ͣҶСǰ
Ŵ򿪣˳ΪҶС򿪳ţ˵٣롣
ҶС˵ͷû˵ֱ˳ҶСûж˵ҲûʣĬĬؾԼְ𣬳䵱һ˾
߽·һ㡣տһʱ䣬ҶСͻȻ˵һ䣬Ȼ˫Ŀһ
ǣ١Թ˵ӴţӺӾпҶСɫǺܺÿ΢΢һ˿ǷٵŮѼʲô飬סܺҶСϤ˿ҲֻĽѩȻҲǺȷ
ƽʱöҪһСʱʱܵǣ쾰ȴֻʮӣΪˣеĸСＫΪϤ۾ܳƫ
ҶС˵Ľѩĵַʮӵʱ͵ĽѩұǰͣҶС򿪳ţһԾ˱һ仰Ƚȥˡ
˾Ȼ˽˱˹뿴ǸСëȻҴͺúúýѵһ٣ҶСʱûǰߣԼѲ߹
ºʧŵĿڣսɳϣüͷ壬ʱʱһڲ裬˵ʱܷ꣬ͷϰŰɫɴ֮ɫվսһְֻҵɫװĽڵ绰Խضŵ绰ǽ͵ġ
糿յ칫ңӵսԵĵ绰ԼıŮˣϽ͸ء
壬ôһ£һӰƾճһ㣬͵սǰǴҴҸҶС硣
С磬ô춼ˣ˵ҶСһӾͳǰս΢΢һϲɫһԾ㱵Ľûע⵽ҶСͻȻֵġ
أС˵һľɣս˵
ҿѩȥֹ䣬ҪԶԶظʲôΣգǵ·ڵʱͻȻһɫСγͣߣźɫī˾Ͱץ˳Ҹ׼׷ȥԴͱһ£ȻûεҲԺģֻܿѩձץߣʲôҲˡΡ
˵ľʱ򣬾˽վҶСߣղҶС³ʱ򣬶µĻаһ˼˼ǣȽȥˣѳºҲ
أҪˣ³Сˣ˭Ҳûа취ս԰ο
ҶС˽üĻвѿһԤıİܰҪǵĿģԼҳǵλãкܴѶȡ
С磬ô£սԺһڲ裬ҶСʵ
ҹǵĿǰѩգŸոУʲôˣҲ˰ĿϣԣҪôΪǮҪôǺԩ𡣡ҶСƲ
ҲģҲ֪ǻôԴŮӡսԵüĿЩǳ
ǵĿĴﵽ֮ǰ붼˺ѩģڵȣ绰ҶС˵ҲܵģĽѩǺܵģϾԷҪĿĽѩ˵ģڶԷĿĴﵽ֮ǰǲ˺ģĵգΪն˵ûʲôãɲһԴǸ񾭲ˣҪղǾˡ
ҶСĻսԵ˵ͷ
٣Ҫλ˵һһæվҶСľ̲ס˵ղѾôһ£ҲĽѩҲСյġ
һٸ˵ȲҶС˵Ȼоͳ
ȴģŹһСʱʱ䣬绰ûʲôһСʱʱ䣬˸оǹһô
ʱսԺͽῴЩƣᡣ
ԣҿǻǱɣȥҪȵʲôʱ򡣡ᵣĵ˵
һöԷ֪ˣҪѩͲˣȲҪԷûʲôϢĻٱҲ١˼һᣬս˵ȻĿͶҶС硣
̣˵ĺܶԣٵȵȿѾһˣ㻹绰ĻҵһѰæ
˶ô˵ˣֻõ˵ͷеĵ֮ɫԽԽŨˡ


415 ȴ
¶ʮһգ磬Ϧбʮֵʱ³ƫһطڶרҵָ£´Ĵھڳ˵صıһööԲΡͬȭͷһѪɫ壬ⲻ׾ͳ֪µ˶١
ڳѪɫʱλȰ˵ǵˣһ־֮ɫ壬ָѪɫ壬дʣûģֶ
λרҵĿ飬ûжϳʲôΪԼյ֪ʶ̫ǳˣǣöȽϴѪɫ壬ר͵˾ĸ˼һ£Ѫɫľ״嵽ʲô
ǽ±ей쵼쵼һЩ˿ѪɫǱȽϹصĶһ͵ˣûǵ쵼
ڶϣҲĽѩܵ糿һֹڶǿأҲǿȥоųһЩ˿³
ȻϢҲ֪߲֪׼ȼƻһ˵ǣٰ³ǿֹͣбɢȥϾһʼƬصʱ̫ߵˣʱҪڶ༯һĽ͡
Է԰һĿУνɳϣĵȴţѾ뿪˵绰ڴȥĴڵŸ߸Ьذû˱Щӷˡ
ʱʱ̧ͷһ˸ߵĴӣһ㲵ӣʾ˴ʱеĽ͵ġ
ߴİ壬صþòСʱȥˣҶСվ˵壬ȥ绰Ǹѣʲô취
սԵ˵ͷ
С磬һҪλѾȳѩҶС˵ҪȥһѣǸʲô취ϽߵҶСǰ֮ɫ˵
̣İɣһȥġҶС˵
ᣬͱˣ¼ģС˵ģЩûκεϢ˵ѩʱûʲôΣգɱѩĻûбҪܡս侲ķ
Ȼ˵ģһЩĲѩϾѩСûܹʲôίԾЩĵ˵սߣղսԻһЩá
壬ҾȳȥˡҶС˵һ䣬˳ȥ
ŲʻĻ԰УҶСóֻ˷ᰵĵ绰
쵰Ҵ绰ʲô£ҵĺΣǲʲô鷳ˣǴ壿ᰵ˹ܴ󣬹ҶС׷Χ˶ĻҶСϽֻСһЩ
СҶС˵һ䣬׼˵һЩĽѩ飬ȴᰵĻˡ
Уʲôʱģǲзʲô춯صĴӣҰƨɣᰵ˵
ҾһֻǻˣҶСޱƵ˵
ȻˣǸǻͲðϽ˵ʲô£ϢᰵЩͷƺ˵һ
ѩˣ˰ˣá
ʲô˱ˣѩĽѩᰴ󾪣һ⡣
ʲôʱ򱻰ܵģᰵ˹
ϰɣӦǾŵʱ򡣡˼һ£ҶСش
ҶС磬㣬ֱǸ򣬺Ϳ棬Ϸ飬ôڲ˵֪֪㵢˶£ҶС˵꣬ͱƿڴһ
׼Щ˴绰ٸ˵ȵڣǸûд绰ҶСЩƵ˵
˰Ҫ㲻㳣ʶ֪ɣ㻹һеĵһᰳҶСһ䡣
Ҳ뱨¶Է֪˻ѩòûУѾȥˣôʲôãϽ룬ʲô취ҵǵˡҶСҲЩ𣬱ͱĽѩҶյŪЩ꣬һ٣иǾòˬ
·֪ҶС鲻ãûжҶС䳰ȷƽʵĽѩã
֣װǱߣһɫСγˡҶС˵
ȥǸ·εļ¼ţʲô绰Ϣ뼰ʱ˵Ҫˡ᰺侲˵
õģлл
ûµĻҲɣһ鿴ܱһ˿졣˵
ʣµľֻʱˣ㣿ҶСʵ
ʱҸ绰ȥ֣ȹˣݰݡ˵꣬͹Ҷ˵绰
ҶС˷ŵĵ绰
ʱҶС綼ЩڣȷӦȸ˵һϾ˼רҵʿøղŷ˵鿴¼ɣû뵽רҵ黹Ҫרҵ
绰ҵҶСͷ˻ȥ


416 Ϣ
ֱ·ϣһɫıʻţͺһɫ硣
۳УҶС翿Ŀϣ˫Ŀ֪ʲôĿǰĿųԼĹ֪ʱҶС鲻á
ͷͨϺҶС緵شиսԴһкʹž߳˱ȻþȥֵķװǸ
Сʱ򣬱ڷװһɵ洦Ԫ̳ǰͣҶС˫Ŀ˵ȻȥɣҲýˡ˵꣬ʹ򿪳˳ȥǣ١ҶСĻԹ˵Ȼ󿪳ȥ
ҶСվԪ̳ǰʯϣȺȴŷᰡ
ûмӣڴеֻǷᰴģԷѾߡ
쵰ģ绰˷ᰵӵ绰óڱϾĵطп︽ĵͣ
Ԫ̳ǰҶС˵
ȻᣬһҪܡ˵Ȼ͹˵绰
Źʮ䣬ҶС㿴Ļķᰴɵ˹ǳɫĵض䣬һɫĶ̿㣬ŵһ˫ɫ߸Щ΢ľƺɫ߶һֻɫ̫˼أȫûһ͸¶޵ջǵΧ·ƵƵעĿ
ʲôûҶСĿͿֱˣᰵҶСһۣһֿڡ
ˮҶСи̾ᰣôʱûмӵɣҶС翪Ц˵Ȼ쿪˫һӵƣҲӣںͷ᰿Ц
һӵģǣû뵽Ȼˡ
ŹǳЦһ£˵ð
˵꣬סҶС磬ҶСһסˣҸ̫ˣ˲䣬ͻָ˹˫Ҳס˷ᰣϵְ͹Ļ·ǾЩ񫣬ҶС籧˲䡣
оô𣿡ҶСĶʵ
ҶС粻Ծ˵˳һ̣͸о˲һ£᰽˿ˣһƬΣռˣֻһѵ´ΣҾͰ˵ţжһָһһơ
ҶСεЦЦ
˵°ɣĽѩᰵʵ
ߡҶС˵һ䣬ȻϰԵ˷ᰵ֣װȥᰵʱ֪ˣƤǽװһ֪ǰȥ
һ㶣ǹҳһ˿Ц⣬Լ֣ȻסҶСĸ첲˵һӣɲҪ
ҶСĴ£ߵ˷װһʮ·ڣҶС˵˵
壿Ľѩ˾ʵ

ﻹǷ·ΣǶҶ֣ǵ죬϶˿Ľѩˣȴû˱һȺ񡣡ᰴһΧ·ڣɫܲÿ˵
ҷװͷǽȥ¼񡣡ָߵһҷװ˵ҶС翴˿ȷһͷΪ˷ֹ͵Сγװͷ
˽ȥҵһԱԼľ֤ȻĴҵ˷װϰ壬һҪļϰϣ˵ʲôʲôгĿ
ͷзһɫСγӺɫСγͻȻ̫ӣ߹Ů˳ͣҶպĽѩ뿪ûгӣٶȼ죬һ֪һȺΪоˡ
ƵͣȻŴ󣬸Сγθһɫɣɣڳƺ룬Ϊͷλòԣ
ǿųʻȥˡǶƵ˵
ͷǱʮ·ڣС磬ȥֵĽֶȥ˵
Ƕ¼صֻϣװϰ󣬷ᰴҶС磬ͣȻ󿪳ߵĽֶͨʻȥ
˽ֶͨӱ⣬ԱֱӴ˼ңǵ˽ϵļ¼񣬵ǣǼ¼ȴԵ޹ȱһΣͺһֱ˼һ㡣
˿ʱ䣬ٶһصǶ¼΢ƶһ£ȱʧǶʱǡǶԷͨʱ䡣
ʳеɻ󣬴ǽŮ͵϶еԸǵϵͳĨǶμ¼񡣡
һʧҪǻ˵ȥѾˡ
뿪ֶӺ󣬷᰽ͣһͣλϣڳڳĬ˼½ô졣
ҲֻϢûİ취ˡ̾һ˵
ҶС˵ͷͬᰵĻһóֻ׼һʱ䣬û뵽һţһ룬ϵͳţҶС׼ֱɾģ֮£ǵ㿪ˣ뿴ϵͳʲôš
βʱĿһֻдһ֣Ҫˣ׼һǧȶţҪ˺Ʊ
Ϣ滹һҶСһ㿪ƵĽѩҶգһŴϣЩŭЩ£תŮΧĻ


417 ߵ
һ䲢ô󷿼䣬ǽŮϲǳɫǽֽǽֽϻӡһЩɰĿͨ
гŴ⣬һŰɫӣϵӣӷĲͽŮƵŵͬʱһɳƵ𣺡˰ɣڹúܺãˣֻҪǰҵķԸᶯһëģǲϵĻͲҶ˵ˣһǧ𣬸׼á
ֹͣˣƵҲֹͣ˲š
ЩͽϢŤͷ˵ȻĿͶҶСеֻ
ǰ˷Ĳţǻ¼ƵҶС˵ͷ˵
ҿ˵ȻʹҶСùֻӦ˵ãӦ˵ΪҶСֻûɿͶȥˡ
ֽƵһ飬󲻽һȺͽԳˣ̣
󣬽ֻݸҶС磬Ÿתһ¡
ҶС˵ͷȻͽת˹ȥֻת˷һˣתսԡ
Ϊʲô㷢ţûһǧ֪ŵһһ·ʱ֪ǻʲô롣ᰴҶСĴ˵
ǻѪȻҶСЦЦ֮صգ˶ټ˵ѩܹǣȻͰҵֻ˵ǡ
пǷ˭һǧҪ׼ģԷԷ˺ƱС磬Ҿûþ촦µĺá᰿ҶС˵
Ҿ죿Ǿ鷳ӶԷܵĶʱϲѿԷкǿķһչһѵЩİˣ˵ܶԸ𣿡ҶС˵
㵥жЩðɣ᰿ҶС˵
ʲôõģҵѾʶˣֻҪܼʣҾһȫ;ȳʵڲУһϵ㣬𣿡ҶС˵Ȼŷգһ۾
ˣðɣĻһʲôһҪҴ绰ᰶ
ʱҶСֻˣսԴģҶСϽ
С磬㷢ĲѾˣϾȥ׼һǧʲôϢϽ壬ǵҶᾡģǲҪ˺ӡս˵ǶĽѩŨŨĹġ
壬ģʲôϢһἰʱ֪ġҶС˵
С磬ȹˣ׼Ǯȥټս˵һ䣬Ȼ͹ҵ˵绰
˵Ѿʼ׼ǮˡҶС罫ֻ˵ûнֻװڿڴڣУһ˴绰
ܹ֪ǵλþͺˣһȫܰǾȳһȺƻİˣǾȻǽڵܶǽֽҶС̾һ˵
˳Ĭܰ
ʱл˼ңֲţ¼űܵƵǶһ߳Ｏʽһ߱
СγУᰵֻ绰е󡣱΢΢һȻֳ֪ˣϾͻ
˵͹ҵ˵绰ᰳҶС˵ղܲӵ𰸼ǰ̸ֳܰϻȥҪҪһȥ
ðɣȥҲãѵ⼸ܰͬһ˸ɵģǿǵ졣ҶС˵
붼ͬһ˸ɵģҪȻǷϢʱ䣬ôͬһʱأԴ˵
˵󣬾ͿŹʻȥ
ʱ쵼˽оͶȡɢ˳ȥ̽˺䶯Ƕˣܿ³ص£ʲôĶʲôһʱ˵硣ΪǻƽеΪϡٵ֣ЩΪǹŴĸݵ˵Ĺ˵Ƿż
ܶʵļŶǵĹԱ³ʲô෽̽ǲ֪ʲôȻҲ֪ģЩŶһЩص˾ǰϢȥ
ءһĴڣɳϴЦ⣬һƷŲ裬ϲŵһʱкݺݵһеĲ豭˵ϣˤˣЩ̵Ĳˮɽܡ
ôôζԵĽأ૵֮ɫҪѿжѿ˶ʮꡣ
ΪʲôۿƻѾɹ³ǿֿɵãҪõļνǣȴ©ֱҧ粻ƫƫƻһʱ淢ϢֱŪˣһʧǧ뵽ﶼЩۣǿǺܶǮ


418 ֻҪңҾ͸
֣ʲôˣʱİɫ¥Լĸɫѿʵͬʱһʣ׳ʲôԼɫ¶ڱĸʧ̬
㿴ɫָ࣬ŵ˵
֮£ȥĻµһʱͫһȡб᣿
Ļ潻겻ˡľЩȻ°첻ɣԤʾţΪʦļƻ׵ˡ
ͻȻ䣬·뵽ʲôһ㣬۾֣Ҳûл͵أ£ֲǵĹԭֻҪ̽±ȥ治Ǽƽϵģ
ӵĻղŻЩϵ׶ʱɷûһ˿ɵ۾ʱ緱ǣҫ˵ĹʣҲԣǵĴϾⲻֹģӦҲףھ͸˵һ¡
˵¥ȥ˿Լ׵ıӰȻĿͶ˵ӵĻϣĵЩӦòɣЩġ
й֣ᰵİ칫У᰺ҶСһһƵƵǶԷͨŷ͵˵ֻϣÿŵ붼ͬ˵Щ˻Ǹģ¼ʹͨԷֻ鶼鲻ʲô
ףãҶС翴ƵʱסˣǶƵϰܵĲǱá
ʶǰŶ³ǧ𡣡ҶСĻЩɻĿҶС˵
ʶôܲʶŮϡͿķһҹȻ⻰˵
ʶǿɶͬѧһЩŮͬѧڿɶ棬ϲ뿪ġҶСһ´˵
²ֿɶ棬㷿аɣΪҲ˽㣬û뵽ԽԽϢˣȻʼЩСŮ֡ᰱӵĿһҶС˵
˵ʲôأҲǰǶÿϵܴ࣬ȶѩҪࡣҶСһĽš
УŻ˵ĻοѩҲɹϿʵʵʵкܲ࣬Ը񣬿϶ЩСŮֶˡƳһҶС˵ȻתͷרĵĿŵƵ
ûо⼸ܰͬһģ㿴ЩĲã϶һŤͷҶСʵ
ýֺͷóһ˸ɵģͬһɲͬ˰ܵİӷָʱƱĸʻͣο㿴ܵĶʲôˣǶǮˡҶСһ׳۹ӣᰡ
㡭᰷ĿһҶСһۣ˲䣬Ϲҳһ˿Цݣ̧źݺݵĲȥҶСĽűϣң³
ûеѻ˵꣬ɫͱˣЩҰףͷð亹ͷŽŲͣ
ôˣᰵɫԣҶСĵʵ
šŤˡЩ˼˵ղԼ˼ҵĽţ˼𣬶ԼȴŤ˽ţʱķ̰
ҶСЦ˵ղŲҵĽˣãǹϵôõķϣһǰ㿴
˵꣬ҶСͷץסᰵСȣȷԼϣİɫ߸Ь߸Ьϵĸ߸ˣ֪˶
㻹ݣȻЬĸ߸ȶˣҪҵĽŹʵ¶ȳһ󶴲ɡҶСһŷᰵСһ˵
Ҿ֪ĽŽʵҲȵãû뵽Ľž˫ЬҪǧأУҪҡ˵Ȼһֻ֣ҶǮ
㣿ðھͿ˯һֻҪ㲻ҶС縧һ·᰹Բ˵
ѽ󣬸׼ҶСһţ΢΢һ£״۵ҪݺݵĵҶСһۣ漴뵽ʲôһ㣬Ц˵ֻҪң˯һֺηЩǸģûǸ
ҶСЦЦû˵ЩĽף˵ŵ㣬ܻЩۣһͺˡ˵ţҶСһסСţһץסСȣȻһ
᰽гһ
ˣҪеô˻ΪҰôˡҶСЦЦ˵
ջȣڵϲ˲ȣоˣЩĿҶС磬û뵽㻹Щ£ˣңͲЬˣҲ֪Щ쵰ǣҼû˯þŪһ˫Ьǿˡ
˵Щ˰ǻ᲻³бǼйϵЩƵҶСüͷ㿴ܵﶼǮǹƶ׼ȥμбᡣ
˵ʲôѵ˵˲ϣǲҪμб᣿ûʲôϵɣղŶ˵ˣǰܵĶǮˣǵȻҪǮˣǮˣѵҪˣοѾ³бȡˡ˵
ȡˣҶСЩȡ
ȡˣ㿴ǸղС͹ļ᰽İ칫һļ˹ݸҶС硣
ҶСӹһȻˣʱٲѪɫʯͷᱻҸˣڿ԰ȫ˼Ͷܰˡ
ǰٷ˵ϵңֻܵ˵һǸ۵ġҶС˵˫Ŀбų⡣
ʲôɲҪ᰾ĿҶС˵
ģҲΪѵģˣղĳЩ˿˵Ҫ˯ģ֪ǲģҶС촽˵
ֻҪңҾ͸ҡЩĿһҶС磬ΪҶСûǸ
ãȥʱҲˣھȥɣ
ð˭˭Ѿߵˣ°ʱˣһ£ʰʰ˵


419 ȥ᰼
㻹ҪȥҼɫıСγУŤͷڸʻΪλõҶС˵
Ȼˣ˵Ҫ˯һϵģ˵Ļľ϶ӣһһ׼˵ġҶСһȻӣ·ԼǸ˾ӡ
㲻õİȫúĽѩ֪Σյʱŷ֪ǻĸ롣ϴЦĿҶС˵
ڳ˵Ϣ֮ʲô취ѵҪѧЩ˲ԲȡüչĪ㺦ˣɲҪ룬Ѿ˵ˣֻ˯һѵǸĻҾͲˣٺ١ҶСЦſŷᰡ
󣬷᰸ղŻЦһ䣬¶ŭ֮ɫһҶС磬ǰʻһ󣬳صҶСЦ
ߣһҾͲβ㣬ųķкܲˬ
ҵıڣɳЩĲɵĿŵӣʱʱ¥ݿڣȴԼĸףҵȫЩ˵֮У˼һ仰ټļҵͻʮܶĽΪ£˭ܲģӵиıһе̸װ
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֣ûйǣʵѾԼ׵Ͽ˽ʡ
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ҹ˱Ƚ϶࣬׼סڱ̺ɽׯɽׯͽˣһκܺõĻᣬԸǶ׽Ȼǰ㵱ѣҲҪºøУԺ󲻹ܰʲô£úܶࡣ
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Լӵӣ費סĵͷοЦݡ
֣ȻѾֹͣб꣬Ƿ֪ͨһЩˣˡ
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һɫıڿĹ·ʻţҶС翿ڸʻλĿϣϸţǷЩĽѩãܵ̽ͷЩ˶Ҫȥμ³бģȻǵİйأǣɲҿ϶ϾղҲǷļ
˺ܾã벻𰸼׺³бûϵ
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ŶѾһǧ׼ˣ˴绰ҪǮĻʱáս˵ЩƣҲǣΪŮģ컹δæһ죬ܲۡ
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Ǻǣ֪Ҳ˵ġҶСЦ
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ҶСĿ佱һ졣
ʱҶСߵһſڣž׼߽ȥʲôһ㣬Щߺ죬ϽȰҪȥ
˶кģ㲻ĳ£ͷҪҶСҲ⣬һ£˽ȥȥ浽ʲôܡ


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ᰵķɫΪһƢ𱬣Ļ𱬡
һɫ󴲰ڷڷм䣬ذ׵ĴǽγԵĶԱȣڵ̶ȺͿиûȣͺȻͬס˿뷿һ㡣
ڵľʵذϣֻЬһֻбŷţһֻţһ˫ɫţԱ߻һɫĳȹһɫڿҷš
һĻʱҶСЩ𾪣˸ղ佱ʱı飬ЦЦ˽ȥֱߵߣϷᰵڿ㣬˿ǰӡһССĵͼһϸϸĺɫͷ̽ͷ䣬һζ
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ǼûмġҶСЦ˵Ȼ˿ҵķ䣬ķ仹롣
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һƫˣĳЩ˵Ҫ˯ģҿǼǵúҶС翴æµķ˵
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ȿӣȥ˵ţȻ˳ȥҶС粢ûȥӣ˷ᰵĴϣŴϷᰲĿ˯
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ѾˣϽԷ˵һ߳˷䣬ԼԴһᣬóֻ˿Լ˯˵ʱ䲢Щᰵٶȡ
߳ȥֻڿеɳ϶˸״ŷ輸ϻһ룬ҶСĿһһ뷽棬һƣΪһӷʢķˣȴû뵽ֻһ뷽档
Ҳ̫˰ɣˣ͸Է档ҶС翴ŷЩƵ˵Ƕճһڲûѷ³ᣬҶС綼ɣ˳Եķôġ
ǲǺѳ԰СʵЩһӾһСһ㣬ҶСЦá
ζôҶСʵ
ܲģģɿڡ˵һһӣ·Լջû
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ҿûΪҪȻǵֳɣҶС߽˳ƹƹԼ˷ˡ
һ˾ͳ¯ˣһͽ빽һһӸɱ񶹽ǣҶС˫ӣ˵˿С
Уŵӣ輸ϣһ뷽棬ҶСûٳԡ
ҶС罫˷˲輸ϣ˵ҵա˵óһ˫ӱݸ˷ᰡ
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һӣļһӽ빽ҧ˼У۾һû뵽쵰ôõա
˵꣬Ҳû˵ƲеĳģٶȣҶСĿɿڴҶСܹ˲֮һȫ÷ˡ
ҶǲǶͶ̥תġſɳһķᰣҶС˵
ò˺÷ˣȻҪԸˡһȻӣСƬ̣᰽Ӻ˳Ծϴ
ϴҶСЦЦܻɷǲֻķ档
ϴ󣬷᰾ͽϴԡҳϴҶСڷᰵķģȴûʲôľٶؾصģҪҶСһ˼붷ʮа˾Ŷ߽ȥǣȴûֳ嶯Ϊ⼸Ů̫Ƶˡ
һ󣬴԰ɫΪɫĺɫ˿˯˽˻δҶСǰһζ˱Ƕ˵ζ˿˯ʵĽҶСһ嶯̽ѹϾ͵ҶСұ֤һܾģΪܿɢŷۺɫѾõ׼
ʱһ뵽ĽѩҶպûڰ˵ǹɳ嶯͵ˣȥߵſʱŤͷЦ˵ˣȼţˣٺ١
˵꣬˳ȥ
ǸСѵһûУ᰿ҶС߳ıӰɫЩԹ


421 ˵ĵ绰ƽ
糿ߵӵʱ򣬷ˣ˯ɳϵҶСϴһ£Է԰ʻȥĽѩӣú˵İӣɾ˸
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ܲ˳еĳգҶС翪ʵǸ˯Ļ𣿡
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ҶСĻŤͷһҶС磬Ŀ⸴ӣԻԹǰ޽֯ؿһۣȻŤȥͷǰ
ϵܱǸ⣬˵˯һģɲҪܾŶҶСٺһЦ˵ʵЦΪ÷ᰵһЩЦԶԡ
ҲŮˣ˯ŮȥҹܻɣҪɨץסˡᰵ˵ͷҲûлء
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ҶС˵ͷŷ᰽˳΢һЩʳߵ˿Уɳϣһ᰺ս̸޷Ǿ˵һЩǲǵʲôʲôˣ֮Ļ⡣
ʱһһֵĹȥߴİʮӵʱҶСֹֻʱδ֪붼֪Щĵ绰ҶС
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һǧ𲻹٣Ѿȫ׼ˡ
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룬ҶС˵ͷ˵ðɣ
Щû˵ˣҲ޷ֻҪǮϾˡ


422 ˼
һܳŷ᰺ҶСǰʻȥҪԼģսԵļֵ£ųһܼõĳȥ˵ĵص㡣
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¥յϣŰɫ䡢ţп㣿ԷúɳƵ˵ǶԷԼɫ¶ĳֹߡ
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ȥһӲЩĶͶԴϣһ֧ǹԹ£Ҷ֪д˵еӢۡ
һЩӲ˹ҶСԹԵλϣɫղʱ򣬿˿ˣһ˾ĸˣ˿ҶС磬һǸźŵɣǺҶСϻƤвиһ˺¡
Щ˵ʱҶСԺвֳޱ԰߳ʱ˹˹ɫСγļЩƣϸĸһ£ǵʺͳЩ˵һ£ҶСаٷ֮ʮİտԿ϶ԷǳϵЩˣ˵Щ˵ϳ
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Ի˵ģǿõİˡǸ˵һʮҵ̷꣬˫Ϭ۾
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ҲֻЩɱ֯Ǳ߾ľˣǹӶôŨҵѪҶС


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ÿ˶ԼͬͬĹ켣Ĺ켣Զ룬ҲһĹ켣ȴֻĳʱ佻档
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ʱҶСܹоϵĺ·ֻҪ΢΢һܹϵĶҲ֪ԲܣϾԼʱȫһҪЩ˷Լһ߾裬˵ĽѩҶղ
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Һܺ棬һͨѧôôǿʣǲǰʲôɱˣӽԪȤĿҶС˵
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˺󣬳һƬţû˵ŹСʱʱ䣬ɫʻϱһ׼Ǩķϣ߹հ˹գսһשǽѾ̮˵СԺС
¥ıͣʹ˾ҲΪСԺСԺûʲô
ˣ³ɣһ档ӽԪ˵
ʵҺܲɱ㣬ǣǲðգΨһľǲǰܵ衣
ллҶС絭˵
ӽԪĴ£ҶС¥УƾɶյĿһߴĺˣϸСӣAK47ҶС˽¶е飬ĿͶһеĴƤ䡣
һ˰ȫ𣿡˶ӽԪʵ
ӽԪ˵ͷŤͷҶС˵ߣҴȥǡ
˵ž¥ȥҶС˺棬һǹҶС󣬾ķҶС硣
ҡҡ׹¥ߵ˶¥¥кü䣬ŷǳƣʵЩжűܹˣҪ̮˵Ķ¥ڣһӺͼӣһ˽ضŵԣų棬߹߹ȥ
ߵһ䷿ǰӽԪ˵ȥɣǾ棬û㲻
ӽԪҶС߽ȥſڣûҪȥĴ㣬ҶСܣΪΨһĳھš
ҶС߽ȥ󣬿ĽѩҶڴ߿ӣŮСЩ԰ףЩƣ΢΢һʹ


424 ɱһ
˽ĽѩҶͬʱתͷϻе뺦£ǣ˿ʱһų˻Ǳ߲õЦݣǸղŻΪЩˣû뵽ȴҶС硣
硣С硣ͬʱаŨŨ⣬һʱ飬һʱ顣
Ҷڽгʱ´˵ҶС绳УأίĿӨ鲻ϵСٵĶܹһֻƿĽѩҲ˵ҶСĻУ˵˵ܵĿ࣬ҶСĻѾռˣûж
ˣٿ޵ĻĳΪСèˡҶСԴ˵ȻǼίСֲϵۡ
磬һҪҽѵЩҪ۸Һѩ㡣С鷳С죬߿࣬һ뵽ʲôһ㣬ͷĵĿҶС˵磬ܴܲùǣǶֳǹģҪ߰ɣǰȱȥ
ģܴùǵģʹѩһȥҶСԴ˵
ģ磬ǹġС鷳лЩġ
Ȼģǲǹģ³ֲûпѵ涼Ūһѷ졣ҶСЦ˵
ҶС˵ĻС鷳ͷһᣬĿҶС磬Ȼ˵ͷ˵Ÿ磬һҪǽѵЩЩǲĿѩ㡣
˵꣬ҶСİɫ˲Լͱ飬Щ˼СͷȻ뿪ҶСĻĽѩ˵ѩ㣬ø籧ˡ
ĽѩϷһƬߺ죬۵ȴİ⣬µлЩỨС鷳ˮͬǼˮ
ҶС˹ȥĽѩӵ˻УرţҪĽѩԼĻУΣҪǰԼ뿪ĽѩԼҲͲᱻЩ˰ܣҲͲܿˡ
㣬ҶˡĽѩЩ΢΢ʹ˵
ҶС罫ĽѩɿˣǾ㲵գмΪĦؿĽѩȻͷȥĽѩЩɬ󳹵׷ſˣ̽ԼСࡣ
ԼĸĽѩٶ˵ϷҶϷɬĺΣ˫棬һû͵ӣʱʱ˫ÿһ˿϶͵͵ؿ档
Ƭ̣˲Ŵҵľĳ˵Ĵ仹һ˿͸˿Ľѩʱߵϵĺζӵ˰
ʱŴ˿ӽԪһ˽ӽԪ˵һࡢ˸жĻ棬ӣǣΪǵİȫǲܷŵ
ǾҪˣܲҳʣӻǸŮӽԪо̰֮ɫ˵
УѾӦģǰܵ衣ӽԪ˵ӽԪĻЩʣȴҲû˵ʲô
ҿ˳۵ķϣ·ɣӽԪдһЩź˵Ȼǹһ֣׼ҶСüģʳָ΢ҪǹһЩģĿܸȤüըһ󶴣ǣΪǵİȫò֡
ܺ˫Ŀ⶯֣һǹҪȥĽѩҶնŵĿҶС磬ܣĽѩ֪ҶСʵʱԲⵣ
ĲǹС鷳
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ѾӽԪǰӽԪеǹѾʧˣҶСС
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顣˵嵹˵ϣʱӽԪŷӦ˹֪ʲô£ҶС羹Ȼĳǰʱ򣬳״סˣô£ʲô£ôûǹӽԪ
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ǺȻ֮ɫĿҶС磬㡭־Ȼôô˼顣׼ú֣ȴָֺͲҶСֱ֣ͬȡ
㻹㲻ҾһҶСתͷ˵һ䣬ȻһƵӽԪĲϡ
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425 ȫȳ
˵ϵˣҶСûʲô飬һеǹ֧һȻһɣԴİϣӵĿһӽԪȻߵŮǰҺ档
ĽѩС鷳˵ͷĽѩɫЩҰףѪȵĳ棬ʱС鷳ҲǸʧȥ˰ԴԼˮѪϽĽѩ󣬲һ䣬¶һԴЩ棬ȴûо¡
ҶСߵӽԪǰóǱڳʱӵĳĵ񻹲ԼѪҺϵİ̺ѾʧˣйâϵѪ˲ʧӰ١
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ƳһˣҶСһʹӸղǲԼĿնȥ
ӦȫˣûˡҶСߵЦ˵ǷĵϲãҶСĻ˶һ
ףЩѵб˲ɣҶС翴Щ䣬Щɻ˵ղҲȷʵһд˳ѵ˵ǰܵ˶ﲻɣĻôҲ
ҶС򿪷ţսս˳Щ֮ɫ˵˵ʱһ
ʱĽѩڵǸУһССԴ¶˳ЩɬЩãȻŮӲûǺˡ
áҶСһЩ˷ܣȥûжʲôûĽѩߡ
˽УȥҶСʱϵãȻֶ̿ʧˣ¶˼Ϊɬ΢ЦС΢΢һ죬ԹԵĵϸС硣
һԵĽѩ˿ҶСȻٿ˿ãƺЩ㵣Щʲôζ
Ͽѩվһ𡣡ҶС˵һ䡣
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ðҲǱǰܵģĽѩЩʵ
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ҶСЩ⣬û뵽úĽѩȻʶһ뵽һǻԼŶ³ĴС㣬һǰάŶ³ĴС㣬ҶСȻˡ
λСֵܣҲǱܵģʱһҶСʵ
ҶСͷĬϡ
СֵܣղŷʲôˣЩɻؿҶСʵ
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׼Ǩ·ĵӰվŵȴŷᰵĵ


426 ҶС
ӳμƻѾȫʧˣ˲ǵˡվڶ¥ƾɴУӽԪȾ˵ˮ˵ϵֵǣŵ绰ɬ˵
ղһԤе³ˣϽ߳ȥһԼֵȫѪУͱ鶼ôĽӲ˫ĿĺԲҲ֪Ŀʱ򣬸ûзӦ
Ӷ¥Ǹ¿ȥֻһ¥ĴҲһɽľԼֵܵʬ壬޵Ŀ־壬һ뵽Ǹ˾Ȼǹ˲䣬Լ޲ʱ򣬶ǹɱֵܣǾǺ¡ӣѿһ̼䣬ȻЩĺ
ŵʬ壬ܲµĳԷκһ㣬ɱЩֵܵģǣϽӶŵĶӳ
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ˣӶŵĶӳһĬһϢô£ʲôѵǱΧˣܰ
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󣬵绰ͷһĬþãλӳ˵ֵǶֳ˵͹Ҷ˵绰
ӽԪ绰󣬾ֱӵ˵ϣ˫Ŀ񣬹˺þòŻָ˹ĿͶ˵ϣгһ⣬Ͻ˹ȥǽΪܵĻʱǾԺܣи䶼װͷ뿴ҶС絽ôɱԼֵܵġ
㿪һ棬ˣһƵҶСɱЩֵܵƵʱ䣬ţĳ̶ȣǣƵϻǺѿҶСĶƵֻܿһӰһ⣬¿ȥԽԽȣԽľ
󣬳ĬһᣬһϽʰ˰ɫУЩֵǵʬҲϵ˳ϣһк󣬴ĺɫдУóʱըװСԺĸطȻ󿪳ﳤȥ
˺þãڳڶĴϿ˼Ǹʻȥǹҳһ˿ɬЦݡ
Լʻʮӵʱ䣬׼Ǩĳ֣һԺͻȻ䷢˾ҵıը䣬ʯɽըӦһ㣬ϷһһľǡÿһĻ
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ܣСǼѩǾ䣬һԡսԵ˵
ҶС磬Ľѩõ϶˺ΣõĸɬҶգŴ۾ĿһĻԼĸбжˡ
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ѵ֮ʲô飿øղſҶСһۣĽѩо
ҶСս˼仰սԾȥ˾ˣһֱæĽѩ飬ûй˾ƹ˾һѵ顣
սߺ󣬷᰽ҶС˳ȥߵ˱ڿĲƺϡ
Щôģ᰿ҶСʵЩԹ
ȫɱˡҶС絭˵гѪȡ
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˭ģ顣᰺ݺݵĵҶСһۡ
ѵϲңҶСǰһƽᰣϴЦʵ
ᰵ۾ЩңǿӵĿҶС磬Ϊ˭ϲ㣿ġ
˵ͷҲصľˣҶС翴ıӰЦЦ


427 
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ҶСĻͣס˽Ųȴûлͷʵʲô¾Ϳ˵ĥĥģûҾˡ
ǰЩˣǻͬУ㲻гʲôӣȰ㻹ȥһ£ЩһӵеҪµĻ»صĺҶСЦе˵
ת˹ЩĿҶС˵쵰ǲǳ۸Ҫղô˵
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ǰ·˰ˣ㵱ʱô㰲ʲôģǲΨвңҶСհѻ˵꣬᰾ʳһ⣬ضҶС磬ҶСһһ㡣
ҵĴ㣬ܲܶԽһңǰʱ˭֪ǲǰˣǹƲֱܲӵǲиɻµģ˼ֱӿײˣشԡҶС˵ţźۼĿһ۷᰸ʵظ
󣬷Щ˼ǵҶСһ˵㡭شԡ
ңǺǣǱһȡҶСЦЦȻŷᰵظ֣ȻԼľǱҵĴ󡣡
쵰㾹ȻĶһ㶣һ죬
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ҶСЩͷԣ֪ԼôǵմС㣬˹ȥĽѩԣֱĽѩСʵѩôˣ˭ˣ
ĽѩŤŤ壬ҶС籧СҶСƤǽƾôҶСǲţֻҶС籧סߡ
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һΪʲôأԭ¡ҶСǺһЦ˵Ȼϸ˵һԼֿͨɶʶõģֻǼζѣҲ㲻ϤȻʵ飬ҶС粻˵һ˵ȥմС϶ƢģǰϵĺͿ£Ӳ˵
ߣ㻹ƭңֻǼΣôС硣Ľѩܲ˵
ͿɶͬѧɶҽС磬ְܲܽɣ㲻ЩСŮӵĴ׶԰ɣôƯ㻹ʲôҶСЦ˵
Ľѩһ죬˵ҾͳԴ׻ôˣ˵ûһǺö
ĽѩҶС̸֮ʣӶסıڣ̵ĲݵϣԲʷŵ½սѥֳǹ֧ŮΧһȦǷŭ֮ɫĿڵϵİ˸ˡ
ѵʱϸ˵˵θߴʵĳӶŶӳĿӲҰ׵ӽԪ˵
ӽԪƻҶСʵĵطԼڷڷȵȣһֲ˵˳
󣬶ӳĶӽԪ˵ô˵һĺȲ̵ˣһˣôܻŹأ
ΪҴӦŮ裬ԭɣҿŮкҪӽԪ˵ЩȻǾȻʼԼˣЩ˵Ŀʧ䡣
ԭʱû˸٣ӶŵĶӳضӽԪʵ
û˸١ӽԪ˵һ䣬ͻȻ䣬Ŀһ˿ʧľâӳ㻳ң
ûǻ㣬еĲܲСģ˭֪ǲǰǳ˾죬Ȼ˻Ļᡣ
ӳǳô꣬㾹ȻңӽԪĿԽȻ
Ҳ㣬£ȴšӶŵĶӳҲЩӡ


428 ֮
ӳôңӽԪһ˵ʧףǰԴڿӵˣ컹֪ںηΪԼòǣﻹĲʡ
ǶԼֵܰȻԼָоͺԼģһһ˸һ㣬ʹ
Ͼͬĺֵܣǲ֣ܶӽ쿪ʼ㲻ǳӶŵĳԱˣ߰ɣӶŵĶӳ˵
ӽ쿪ʼҲǳӶŵĳԱˡӽԪ૵˫ĿкݺݵĲһ£ãȻĿ˿յֵܣתȥһͣŤͷ˵ϵĵǸɱֵܵƵ
˵꣬ͷҲصľȥ߳Ҳ֪ҪȥʲôطûĿģӶž˽ʮļңڣһ̾ͺ޸ĸƼ¶ãȻǰߡ
ӳҾð˵ѡ̵ĲƺϣΧһȦڵϵֵܣÿ˵˼ͬþãһӵɫ۾Ů˵
û˵ѰɣⲢҪҪǰ˵Ǹ˵ʵ룬ǰ˸лų棬򲻹Է˵ʲô˵˶ԷʵǿޱȣѾǵˣҪɱǣ練ƣҰѰȥҲΪ˸ǳӶ»֡ʵĶӳ̾һ˵
ǣҲķʽǿ뿪ġŮ˵
㻹ǲŰ𡣡
ӶŵĶӳĬ˺һ˵õĽ׼뿪ɣﲻȫˡ
Щֵô죿һָŲݵϰһŵʬʵ
˰ɣûй̶ļңߵǼңֵǵĹǻӦƮ̤㼣˵Ȼ󣬶Ű˾ʬ徴һ߿ˣóֻһ绰
ұĴУҵ绰ɫѿһȺӶأҿϵС춼硣
һᣬɫźÿ˺ָܶ࣬Īӣʱ¥ɳϣʵ֣ʲôˣ¥϶
ʧˣȫˣ˰˸ˡƽ˵
ʧˣǾȻʧܣκǾȣЩˣ֪ģЩɶһȺ֮ͽӵǿǣû뵽ǵ˾Ȼᱻɱ˰˸ˣ̫˼ˡ
֣û˵ʲô˾ȳʣʵ
ĿһԼһ˵ϤǸˡ
һʧôأôô
ûʲôܣǶС˵Ժ󣬳һİգҪȻԲܶ֡
ʧƬ̣ͻָ˹ȭͷ˵һᳬġ
⼸ˣؼҪܲܰס迴ԼĶӵ˵
֣İɣһǺúദǽһı¶ҵġᶨ˵
ãľǳɹһ롣͵ĿԼĶ˵
֣ǻһǮʵ
ǰûаɣȻḶˣοڵĴЩΣˡ˸ľ⣬ǲп
֣ҪҪȥɵǣȻǵǮû
ˣΪһǧʧʮѵľӢ㡣ҡҡͷҪΪЩ˵ĵ׼ǾͻС
ǣ֣һᰲźһеġ˵
ܣƺϣ˾ʬ嶼ȼŻ棬ǻȼǵ壬ȼǵ꣬ҡҷĻ棬һ̼䣬γ˵ӰΧԲʷгǹ֧ŮĿһĻÿжһ˿ĸӡ
ԼֵڻлΪҽÿ˵жܣǿҵĺ⣬޲ýҶСǹѣֻǣǵĴЩпѰ͹˲ҶС磬οǵʵܷùҶС绹δֻ֪ܽѹĵס
Ϩʱ˶ӳ˹ȥһһץǳޱȵĻҽһƿУ·첻һ㣬ЩҽץסʱһһЩҽʹɢ˿УƬռ䣬Ҫסβʹʧܡ
ߡӶŵĶӳ˵һȻƺԶĺɫ˹˹
ЩӶŵĳԱظֻΪ˻档
ӳǰоǲǷǣǸհѳͿǰ治Զ˹ϵ˶Щš
֪Ǿ䣬ʵڲٶ֡˶ӳзĹâǺ׼һܵ׼
ץǵģǵʻʱ˲һ˶ԳһЦ˻ĵһʣ֮
һ̣Ǻϵûʲôֱ
֪ǣͲ֪ǸУҲû׼͸¶ȥڱǺܰȫģһȴǵ޵


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436 
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˻ᣬһ˹ǽֽ綼ˣȥǽֽϣȺѾѹ׼ˣǻʲô
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Լʮʱ󣬹ѾȫǽֽŤŤ˹ȥεſڡ
ˣסҪǹҪǸҿǹһɱᣬը֪ġͽ˳
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һӶһɫд˳ʮ򾲵˳Ͳ¾쿪ǹڳæµһſڵǾʬᵽ˹ϣû
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ûһʱ䣬Щһһ˳򹫽˳ʱҶСһ㶣ʦô


437 Ʒͽ
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ҶСһתڵƺ˷磬ûзǱ˵˲ʧˣֻһҰͻȥϹˡ
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438 Ů
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ڽ·ղɷ꣬˵ھ·ͿֲӶսҾ͸Ͻ˹û뵽ȥ˺˸գ˵ۿˣҾͿ˹ǳˣ˥յ˵
Һһ׼˶ⲻ𣿡óԼֻںǰ˻Ρ
лл㣡ᰡ˫۷ŹⶢŷᰵֻϽ˵
Ҫ۹⿴ֻӣҪֻˣһҪ͡᰽ֻװ˿ڴС
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໥˶ԷһۣȻ˵ͷǵȷͬѧʱͬѧһѧУϵŮ


439 ŮӵĹͬ˼
ᡢ᰺ͺһ챻ΪѧУŮѧУɫŮѹƵأѧУûǸŮӸҳԼΪŮ
ȻͬŮǣѧУʱ򣬳˶ͺ˺Ϥ⣬Ǻͷᰲ죬ڱҵ󣬺ͷϤ֪˶ͬѧУġ
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ﰡǿǴʦϵǱ㿴ƺЩʲôĸ顣΢΢һ졣
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440 
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ҪȥԻҶС˫ĿָĻʵ
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ԻûиҶСЩƵ˵һ´źˮǲֿ
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ҶС˸ղͯɫ㲵ԭĿǸĿͯ


441 ˴һ
ҵʱйʻڴվžŮǵϵŵĳ֮ͺǾ֮ˣû˸ҿΧԲ֮ڣַ˼һ㣬ÿͶ̲ס࿴ۣЩƬ
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֣ҵôǲǲˣһɫŹεŮ˵Լʮ꣬һ˫۾ĹâЩ΢΢ͷ
ĵ㣬֣ҵ˻ġһӵͷĿŮ˵һ弫Ϊߴ͵ӣ߹һ׾ңŻɫĳɫĳţȵգǣͷȴ˺ȵĸо
ŮͷС࣬ɰСӣԼеĲ
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ô綼ˣǸˡʱһɫ걼˹ǴӼдҴҸ֣Ǳ򣬶ȺŮ˴һһЩԱ
ߣڲǶСʱˡŮܲ˵
٣Ҿ˵ղڷɻ˯ôε˱صһԭҽһˣСŮʲô֣ûѣôСͿ϶ûУ㿴ҳ˸ӢΡ˼˰Ѻòã֣ǱΪ˦˦ͷ˵
СŮɴ۾һãȻӣ֪֣Ǳ˵ʲô˲ͻָض֣Ǳ
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ʱСŮ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫɫкЩ΢΢ŭҼǵˣǸСʱƭ㣬Ҵǹ·׷ɽܵĴå
ǣǸС㣿ǰôǵˣŵְ֮£ᣬС㣬һˡ֣Ǳһģ˵ȳǽĳȻҪ
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ǶУ֣ǱһϹҳǿЦݣ˵ᣬǸᣬֵܣһֱС㵱һôռأ
˵󣬱һԴźµҶѰ
֣Ǳǲûм뿪໥
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ʮȻǼһˣǣڼһʵǰˡ
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˭˵ǰҺѰһ֣ʮֺ߰꣬쳾֮ѾͻƵ쾳ˡ֣Ǳǳˬ˵
˴ȻϿͺȴ໥ӦǾ仰˵ĵطǽ˽˶
֣ǱĻ˶Щȣû뵽쳾֮ؾȻһʱ䣬⵽
ߣԱԣҾͲжôϹ׵Щм
֣ǱҪ˵ʱ򣬱ҶѰֹˣС磬ȻߵڴУǾͲҪƽҶѰ˹
֣Ǳû˵û̸⡣
ˣҲ֪ЩɳûУʱżҵͻȻ˵
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һҶѰ֣Ǳ˲ɫ뿪ɽׯ׼ҶС硣


442 
ҶСͯһֱƻ֮ʲ뿪ûлؼңȥƽҵֺͺʫһȻų˳
֣Ǳ˴ɽׯ߳ȥѰҶС磬ʱûм뿴ҶСΪûУͬʱҲ۾ۺȺȾƣ˵ıҪҶСȻ׾֮£֣Ǳص彫ҶС˵˼󣬼ͲҶСһУҶСļͥסȵȣǲ鲻ҶСʱλģֻܹΪλΪ̫ˣûһ˿ûм׷ȥһҶС米λˡͲˡ
ǶֱƽСͨѯҶСסķ䣬ţ¥ʱֿɶ˶ֿɶֿɶ֪ҶС
һ·ϣ֣Ǳ˵ͣȫ˵ҶС磬Ľּʵ˵ҶСһŮţٷܶ˼ʮʱ䣬ҲҪ־ƣʱѾˣһƵס׼˵ڶȥѰҶС硣
ڶ죬糿Ҹӳ΢װһ£һھͳţߺӣɫСγʹӱпͬķʻȥǶиͬĿĵأлҸΪ˲עķ
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Լ˰Сʱ󣬴ӻڴ߳һˣʮĸˣǶˣ˳ӭ˹ȥֱǸӵɫŮӡ
Ǻãϰ壬רŵģһ˵
ߵĸˣɫŮѯʵϴŵ΢Ц
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ףôʻ˲ӵʱ䣬ڳҶСͻȻ·ߣһµ֣ǱһµҶѰǰȥ
ҶСû׼ᣬ˵ĻȴҶС粻òͣ
Ҳ֪СסҪҵʲôʱ컹ҲˣҾͿ۳һҩҺ֣ǱĻ


443 ҩҺ
壬鷳ͣһ³ղŹȥҵѡҶСſų˵
û˵ͣ˳С鷳ֹܲͣҪһʱˡ
ҶСԴЦЦûнʲôĽѩеĿЩɻ˵Ҳʶһξˡ
Ľѩ˵Ҳ³ȥҪúøлл˼ңߵĴæһûил˼ҡ
ҶС˵ͷȻ˾˳³ҶСԶԶ֣ǱЩǸһϴߵʱ򻹴Ҷթһ򣬲УҪҵ㻨ǮҪԺ椻һʱ
ʱԼңҶСûнǣĿһõĹâһƴɢֱ
Զһǰߣһ߲˵ҶС֣ǱͻȻͣ˽ŲҲĬҶѰ໥һۣĵиˡ
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֣Ǳһ㶣ɻĿС鷳컹ǵһμԷȻԷֱ˵֪Ǹ󻵵ⲻǶ˸𣡷ǳƵʵ￴Ǵ󻵵ˣ
ղ˵ģ˵ģ޹ڷǼ鼴ղŵӿһ󻵵С鷳֣Ǳ˵ʱˣ֪ԼĸᱣģȻղŶԷһӾʹôԶľ˹ǹһԼĸ
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ʱҶѰ˹ǳ˳飬ҶСĽѩ͵Ц
ֵܣ֣Ǳװһʹʧ˵
ڴ·϶ˡҶС̧װҪ֣ǱϽ˹ȥһЦָֻӡ
ߵҶСߣҶ˵ҺǺѣԺҲҸ磬Ժ󣬸˺öһһʱġ˵Ҳ׼ѧҶСӣС鷳ԴС鷳ϽԴҶС
硣С鷳ԴҶС¶һһ˿֮ɫϷŪ֣Ǳ
֣ǱޱȵƣиͺúõؽУҪϻأ
óɣղҶˣ㾹Ȼ׼˽ҵҩҺʱҶСֿ֣Ǳ˵
Ҿ˵ôͣ˳ǣԭҵĻҹҲ˵Ǿ仰㶼ǣֵܡ֣Ǳ̾˵һԵĽѩС
˵֣ǱԼĿڴһһСľӣ˿СɵİƿƿֻСָͷôߣװʮˮ顣
ʮҩҺ㹻ʮ˸ʣߵӦù˰ɣ֣Ǳ˵óһҶС磬ҶС׼ùʱ֣ǱͻȻʲôһ㣬һƿС
ϴһʱûע⣬Ȼƭҵ㻨ǮŮôǮ㻹ҪǮʲôҵ㻨ǮңҸҩҺ֣Ǳ˵
ǲѣҶС粢ûлǮǿʵ
ǡ֣Ǳ붼ûشûʲôȦס
ȻǺѣһ㻨ǮһЩʲôԣҶСֱ׳˵
㡭֣ǱҶС˵Զԡ
ҪǮĻԣһöѪҩҺҾͲҪˣǮҲ㡣ҶСٴ˵
㡣֣Ǳ˵ǽеİƿݸҶС硣
ͨ˸ʵĻֻĵΣٶĻͻˣעһ㡣֣Ǳ˵
ҶС˵ͷ


444 ټѩ˪
ĴϢڲžŵʮң¶ȵܲˣ´ʱܴﵽʮȣŮϳǰͿĨ˷ɹ˪ڻһ̫ɡϺ¶ļɹЩ΢ڣͷϻ˺飬ҶС˺˿һ㣬ȫһ㺹ˮû
ҶСҪԼҩҺ׼֣Ǳ˷ֿĽѩȥ䣬֪ˣҪҶСȥ䣬ûа취ֻܴˣĽѩС鷳ǰĸʻϣں棬֣Ǳ󺰿ϧ׼С鷳С鷳Ǹƺǰȥ
벻죿Ůȵܲˣ֣ǱЦе˵ʵ
ҪС鷳ҡҡͷһӣ֣ǱĿǿһĴ󻵵һ㡣
Ҫᣬûʲô˼졣֣Ǳ΢΢̾һ˵Լܵίһ
ֻҪһ߸磬֣Ȼܱ죬һ
磬޳ܡС鷳գſɰĴ۾˵ʱҶСЦҶѰҲѵ¶˵΢Ц
֣ǱЩҲסˣôߵĴϣһСŮ˵޳ܣжôʧӣΧĺܶ˶ĿͶ֣Ǳ̺űӵζ
˵ˣȳǽ˺ܶ౶Ȼ漣ĺƤʱҲǺܱġ
ҶСС鷳֣һ˹ȥΪ¶ȣĽѩҶС粢ôģϾĽѩ˹ҵͨ˺ǿö౶
쵽ԼڵһܣС鷳һɻ̧ͷԼĸ磬ԼĸЦЦҶСΪа뵽ȥһҪԼĸ̣ҪȻͱĲţѩһ˯
ûȥ֣Ǳһʵ
ûУڵҩҺҶС˵Ȼ˵ҲãҪ֪˲ʱʹﵽ쾳磬ºܶϹﶼΪɽصĻܻܿᱻСһо
֣ǱĿҶСһۣû˵ʲô
åԭ㶼ˣҾ˵۵ʱôûмӰǸòϸûлǰߵʱһҲഫ˹
ȥֻһŷ۱ɴ֯Ů˹۾ر鶯̲ס࿴ۣԱһԼ˫ʮŮӣλŮ͸ŵɫĳȹһͷںڵ˿ɫ˿ϵţǳ˿衣
ŮӣҶСһ㶣ѩ˪ҶСЦЦǴк֪Էûˣ˪ʼ˲ҽӽΨһ仯ΪѾͻ쾳硣
ҶС纮ѩ˪һ˿ȣȻͻָԭӣǲʶҶСһ㡣
ҶСĿȥһĸߴ꣬Ŀʼճˮûа㲨ȴҶСһּΪΣյĸо
˫Ŀһĵ֣ΪҶѰҪǿܶ࣬ΪѾؾ硣
·Ǿ쵽ҶСĿ⣬ƽɲǼ䱬һâҶСܵһɲأ־ҶСţƾ־µɥʧսǵӰ
ֻ˲䣬ҶСջĿ⣬ûпһ㣬Ŀоâһ˿ɻ󣬿ҶСһȻջĿ⡣
С㣬ŰûмôңҸеԼ̫ҸˡŮ֣Ǳǰһж˵ûŮӾǶС㣬ǸǶС
˭һְͷĳ嶯
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λҶС磬ʶĺѣλŮĽѩλãǣҲ֪֣ǲʶá֣Ǳܵ
˵ָŹ¶С㼸˽֣Ǳÿһ˵ʱһԵҶѰΪҶСԼΪ
á֣Ǳ󣬹¶СòĶҶС˵һҹӣԵ֪ޱȡ
СáҶСЦЦ˵
ƽ̫ƽˣС㣬Ƕʶôˣһ綼ңСôͽи磬㲻֪жôĻģʶöŮӣǧȱαƭˡ֣ǱһܵίӿŹ¶С㣬˵꣬͸ܵɱĿ⣬һҶСģһĽѩ
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磿˵Ŀɣѩ˪Ȼ䣬ȵһ˺ܶࡣ
ҶС˵ͷ
ӦúܺãǹⲿŵˣȻдһʱ䣬Ϊ˶ԼǴδлȥҾ뿪Ǹˣ֪ҲǺѩ˪˵
ŶҶСЩ΢΢ʧǰʲôСףɸһУ˽⵽磬ɣĺǸм
һ츳ߣ˲һѩ˪ʵ
ǺǣһߡҶСЦЦ츳׼ĺãΪĵʹá
ߣѩ˪ЩȣҶСϸûиеĲϴ³ʱǲ鿴ҶС壬ûһ˿Ԫɻ󣬲ҶСû˵ҲûҪȥ뷨ÿ˶Լܣѵ
ҶСЦЦ΢΢ͷǳϡ
˵Ȼ󣬵һ˻ǶܹģҶСͺѩ˪ģĽѩһ׶ԣΪûĻŵĸоοúѩ˪һΪ߰ˣǲϲҶССġ
ѩ˪˵ҶСߣǰĹ¶лعͷ˫ĿʵԵɫâŷֱҶС磬âԵޱȣ·Ҫٵеǰ
ҶСһӣɫâΣԵƵᣬȴޱȣû뵽ԷԵԷޱȣԵ쳣
ҶС־Ƶ̽ԵĹѩ˪΢΢ȣҶСոճֵ̬ǽ죬ǣΪ³ʱ򣬱ûаΪӡ
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ףҲԷǸճ꣬ķҶСһˣһ˵Щ֮ɫôĵطԷԵ
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446 ֲһ
߳ȥıӰҶСĿһĨ⣬ԷҪ鷳ĻҶСҲֽţѵһ٣ʲô˴ӵܡ
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447 ƭŮ
ӵʱе´ﵽһ֮е¶ȣȵܲˣֵϵԼ˺ܶ࣬ĽѩС鷳Ҳ̫ܲ˿صڣ˼·󣬾ؼҡ
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Ľѩ˵ԼЩҪҪȥʱĽѩǻɵĿ⣬ҶСЩͷۣһ֪ԼŮӵĹϵҶС
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绰ҶС翴ֿɶѾ·Сͨޱȣͷһ֪˵ӣЩ㷲
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ֿɶ˵ͷСˣҲ֪ԼղôôĴ󵨣ȻҶС磬ڣֻҶСҶСӣûŷ
ڻС籧𣿡ҶСȡЦ
룬С磬ʵɶĳˡֿɶһΰʾҶС磬ЩΡ
ֿɶӣҶСһһĽȿɶ˵ԣˣɶ¸ղڵǸ·ûУ
С硣ڻܸоܡֿɶɻ󲻽ĿҶСʵ
ǵС¥ϷȥǴ𣿡ҶСʵ
ǵãС磬ǲָ˵Ǹ·תɶͿһˣֿɶ۾һʵ
ǵģֻҪȥͻġ
С磬ܵǸǲС˵еֿɶգ۾ʵ
¶ˣǾֻҪ㰴С˵ȥܳΪһָ֡ҶСֿɶɶǧҪѸ̹˵ȥ˭˵
֪ˣС磬ɶ˭Ҳ˵ģְֺ趼˵ֿɶƤգһ۾˵
ɶϡС粻ˣ֪㲻˵ģֻСЩơҶС̾һ˵
Ǹ⣬С˰ɣû˻㸺εģοѾѩˣǲƻǵĹϵֿɶɫЩ΢΢Ȼ
˸磬˶һˣʲôʱһԷֿɶ˵
ʲôǶˣԺôأҶСƵ˵һ뵽󵨵μѼѡ뺷顢ֵֻۻۣһͷۡ
ѧУǲġֿɶһЦ
ֿɶһ˳ȥ׼ȥ̺֣Ǳ򣬿ʲô顣


450 ս
ԭ̬ȻɽׯһռؼΪľïʢΣʲʢ㻨ţʯᾣǻݻǾʯû˹޼ĺۼ͸¶һɺȻԭ̬
峺СƵҫ£ԣС߼ŮΧһ𣬿⴮˴Щˡ
ô֣Ǳһ߷תе⴮һ˵
ǲ˵磿СգʮĴ۾ʵ
һС˵֣ɫѿȴܷʲôƢҶСìܣǣܷ˺ҶСϵá
СЩϲģ֣Ǳ̾һһŮӱαԻôҺʵˣΪʲôûŮϲأˣ
㻹ҺʵåСʱƭҺöΡСĵ֣Ǳ˵һ뵽Сʱ飬޲ý֣Ǳĳȳɶɡ
ΪʲôңСʱڶʶģ㳤˱ƭˣڣΪСʱҵѵܻɣңڱǸһƭ˻ΪǮұκչ֣Ǳװһʹĵ˵
ŻĻСһ֣Ǳ
ʱ֣ǱֻóһҶС磬һˡ
ιڵˣ֣Ǳʵ
ԭ̬ɽׯſڣ֪ǿڡҶС˹
ȵȣҳ㡣˵֣꣬Ǳ͹Ҷ˵绰ҶѰ˵ͷһһʧˣʧʱûаס
ҲȥСĴ۾Ҳ׼ȥտҪʧˣͱһֻץסˡ
ȥһȻġе˵
硭С㲻˵лЩζһԲֻҪƵĲֵʱʱһ۶УԼеĲ
һһŲҶС֣Ǳ˹ҶС֣ǱߣϾҶСҲֻк֣ǱҶѰϤ
ҶС󣬾Ͳһ̺ɱĿ⣬̧ͷȥȴżҵǸҶСֱˣҲͻȻҶСȺзһһѩ꣬˾һ飬һԣڷҲڳ˼
꣬ҶС粻СӶԷϸܵһɼΪϢɷϢʲôܸһ㣬һżˣҶС
·ǸоҶСĿ⣬ԷŤͷҶС磬ȻԷƽޱȣȴ̺Ľ⣬һҪƿһеĽ⣬֣ǱǰĻ˲С˺ܶ࣬·ʲôµ顣
ÿµĽ⣬ҶСҲ֪һĽˮƽıô
żҵŲѩһΪѾﵽأʵǿҲĶ֣֡ǱҶС紫
ҶС˵ͷᣬԷʵȷǿ
ʱС˹ҶСߣʵ磬ôģֺ쳾֮Ķжܹ쾳磿
ž͵ˡҶСЦЦ˵Ȼ˵Ĺ⡣
˵ҶСѾ쾳ˣĿһ˸űɱ⣬Ȼ
ŲѩҲ࿴˿ҶСۣղŴҶСûиоΧĲǣС㾹Ȼ˵ԷѾ쾳磬Щ𾪡
ҲţдһЩѧôʱͻȻ
ðⲻͬ⡣ߵϹ˵ͬ顣
ֵҲûʲô¼ֵ˵
ҶС˶˵ͷȷʵΪȻ֣ǱҶѰҲ֪ĿģҵҶС鷳ģ˸Ͳõģ֪ҶСʵ
ҶǵĿˣҪһдһôվЦе˵Цص
ĬһҶСվ˵ͷҲã֪ѵңɣҿʵ
ɫΪѿڳĶ֪ҶС鷳ģǣ˭õҶС羹Ȼ˵˳ȫ˺Ƥһӡ
СһЦҶСͱ˺ܲͬĿרעĿҶС磬һԵĹпüͷȴû˵ʲô
ҶС磬һһֵ˵
һ䣬Ӱ˸˲ͳһ֮ĵط
ҶС絭ЦЦһһ˹ȥߵ÷ǳٶһѪĳ嶯ô˵㶼һ쾳ߣôͨһڵģֱߵĳ衣
ߣӾӣʹ쾳磬䱾ʻǸı䲻ˣûһӦеľ


451 ۿ˵
һ׵ľ룬ҶСӣ̵ļֱţУըˣдһ¶ôѣأһһҪúýѵһ٣
ҶСߵ˾߶ʮ׵ľͣ˵ˡ
һǲм֮ɫƲҶС磬һҰ·ӵߣִ˵Ķ֣СܶѧʶǷҶС϶ڵܾǹ飬ҪݺݽѵһҶС磬ö֡
һ仰ǲʶľС㣿ĿбųɫĹâڰҹֵͬͲ
ʶôʶôҶСƽ
ȻǸɫСӣ֪֪ľСǼԤӣ㾹ȻҶʲôͷǲˣ˵ʲôϵʵһϼ¼
ϵ˵˺Ů֮仹ʲôϵҶСǷһ˿Ц⡣
˾Ǽˣô˻ûסҶС磬ûܾȵ㡣仰аŨŨɱ⣬ɱֱӣ·ɱҶСͲһ㡣
˵գһҶС˹˵ҶСǰ׵ĵطʱӰ
ҶСǰʱȫɫĹâһȭҪҶСĴ򱬣ҶСһľ룬ĹԵƵᡣ
û㻹ӡЩɫղʹõǼеľѧȻ˵ֱ̣֮ȴ˳棬һĪĹ켣ĵߣ켣˶Ļֱ߻Ҫܶࡣ
׼ҶСһֲпܵĻһдҶС磬ǣû뵽ҶС绹Ƕ㿪ˡ
˵ܳżССߣ¼ңº鿴Ц˵ҲΪҶСĶ֣ҲǣҶСǸû˵ҲҶС磬һлж
ʮСϹ׶ҶСһ˿Ϸ֮ɫ
ʮǲеࣿ¼ҳºƽЦ˵
仰˵Ǽ˶ͬʱЦСܲĶż˵ŷһġ
ǲ䣬ǻĺܲң㿴ȥ֪ˡºƽҡҡͷЦ˵
ߣЩһˡСĹĵ˵ȻĿͶԼĴ硣
쵽СĿ⣬΢΢˵ͷ֮ɫ˼öСģҶС粻µġ
󣬶Сץסеĸ첲ԶҶС硣
Щ˹ۿ˵ͣСһˡ֣ǱΪˬ˵ҶСʵ֪ģͲǶ֣¼ҺϹҵ˾ȻıҶС磬Ϲ˹ۡ
֣ǱĻɫÿϹƳ֣Ǳһ˵ĿԴɣ
˵꣬;ǶҶСս
ƱһŲѩҲĿͶ˹ȥżΪĹâ
˵ĻͲҪ㡣ŭĺսķˣԷ·ǶûÿһξҪԷˣԷͻȻ˿ҲӲӲЩѪ
ǲˣɲ㣬Ҫδ˵㣬ȻҲ˵㡣ҶС紫˿Ϸʵζ
ͷȫͬʱҶС紫׼һˡ
ðֻҪǸ£Ǹˮƽҵ·Ƕûܴ𣿶ղŵǸرɡҶСƵƵ壬һսûеһµӣеĹâȴ˵ʵͦġ
㣿ҵҪܹ㵽ʱһ˿⣬һϢĽ뵽˽µУͬʱ±ŷҫ۵ɫâҶСȥƾճһɫĹӣҶСɨȥ
ҶС˹ȥҶС˹ȥǹҳһ˿Цһ
ֻҶСߵͻȻը˿СҶСȥٶȼ죬ЩСҶС˼ţӰٶȡ
Ѹײڶ֮Ƴ˹ӶɵĹӺݺݵҶСԴȥ
ҶСϹҳһ˿Ц˫ֻӶӰÿһƶƥľƾİЩ飬ȫ飬ԷĳѾͷˣһȭȭͷϱѤĹâ
ɵɫ˲飬˴ɢС
ҶСȭͷϵĹâֻһֶѣȥƲȥ
ɫ˱䣬Ͻ岼һɫâɵĶƣͻȻһƣҶСȭͷ̺ʵ̫ǿˣɫϳѷ죬˲ˡ
䡣һ죬ǿľĴӣΧЩ̲ȫݻˣҶСȵվԭء
˰ɣ֪ͲҶֵܵĶ֡Сߣ֣Ǳ򳰷Ŀų¼ҺϹҵ˵
ɫüΪѿԼԼͣҶСжһӾǸղ˵ĻǷһƨһ㡣
Щ˰ǹۿ˵ͣƲˣʵʤһС֣Ǳ˵˿Ź˵Ļᡣ
˵ɫޱȣ֣Ǳ仰ڼӵǹǺ뷴ȥҲһɣֻǵ֣ǱһۣȻ󣬺޺޵ĿԶҶС磬ǰһж㵽ҶСͷϡ


452 ŲѩĿ콣
磬ôǶɫǲǷСԴʮĴ۾ɻ
֪ҡҡͷ˵о֣Ųʵδţδû˵Ҫ֪һɫһԣճ˵ҶСӣɶԵɵģǣͲܣǸˣһԣʺȥĹһ߳ͻ߻ħһΪԷϵ
ƺҶСϾͿ⣬ܹ죬ͻȻĿһޱȣȻ֪ҶСŲ֮ɫϸȥֱĻȴ˵ɺɫɵģ̫ˡ
Ҳһ𾪣ǻǵһҶѰ֣Ǳ˵ǲôȣΪѾ𾪹ˡ
ѩ˪Ҳ𾪣ĵֲãǰûвԭô⣬ֻǣʲôҪԼΪأ
ǿǸܺõĶ֡һŲѩվ˵һ仰ĿгǿҵĽ⡣
˶ĿͶŲѩϣӼ浽˵ĵһ仰ҶѰȻ䵭Цǣˣٻ˽ŲѩͲˣ춼һӣĵܡ
ȻʱŲѩȴ漣˵һ仰˵һ⣬ҶСʵһȤˣ˵˶⣬ǶҶСĶ֡
֣ǱҶѰףϾǶҶСս¼ֵܺϹȴܲȻҶСʯе⣬ǣһ㶼ҶСˡ
㡭ҶСһȭ˵ľ޴𾪲ѣΪҶС粻һҰ·ӵߣͲĶ֣ȴûҶС˹˵ղҶСĻƷޱȣ˵ԼûмôƷһȭֱǴȭͷԵһǰ⡣
˵ʲô˵˶ԷһһˣҪȻٺãҲľ磬ʱоһǰδеУɫķ࣬Ŀȼŭ
Խܣ˭õһӣȻҡһ䣬һ֣ղӣƲ˼ңʱ˳һһ㡣
ҸƴˡЩ֮״ҶС˹ȥȫɫâɢⰵҹ˵ҫۣϵĹâȴһ꼻һĸоƬ̼âͻš
Сߵ˶ҡҡͷܹƽ͵һսܳŸһʱ䣬ڶӣȻʱѾɥʧǣûƽģֲʣһǲҰܡ
˹ҶСһ˿мûУֱӻؼֵصˡ
ҶСһһ磬ɲǼͳǰһƴƺܻ磬ǣٶѾ쵽˼£νＫطɣϵ˲ͱҶСˣӡ֮ϡ
顣ͺڵһ㣬˳ȥ
ͨһСڣҲҿСȻϲÿǳҶСһƵ⣬յ˺ҪصĻϼˡ
ҲûпҶС˹
Ҷֵܣúãʡ˿ˡ֣ǱҶСļ˵˵¼ֵܺϹס
ҶС΢΢һЦʾм
һˮһӰСڳ˳䵽˺ߣǱҶСһƻ䵽˺ڵͷϻű̵ˮݣҪǱжǱ
ǾˮĽݣ˺ܶ࣬ûղһŭͷҶС˹˹ĻҶСһٸһơ
¼ֵܺϹ˹ȥο
ϽΪǵʱϣܹƽһսĿȵĿҶС磬ȫսڡ
ҶСһΡ
С۾⡣
һսʱһ˹ҶСȥȴŲѩҶСһۣȻ󣬾Զȥ
ҶСЦһ£˹ȥȻϲνսǣŲѩͬҶСܸоԷ̲صľ콣⣬սĻһΪа
ȳְɣҶС˹Ųѩ˵Ϊı䣬ⲢΪ֮Ըˡ
ҶСһ㶣Ųѩٴδ˹ˣֻһ
ҶС˵ͷе˼ֻһҲֻܳһ֮Ҳ˵ȫֻһУ֪Ľжô£ҶС֪ԼҪȫˣȫܻܿҰܡ
һѤĹâɢƬضƳǿҵĹâɹâʵ̫ҫˣú߼˵۾УһҶС綯ˣ͹Ϊһ壬ͬʱһĳ죬޾
ʱҶСоһױȵĽ⣬ǹɽƺҪƲ񷣬Ȼ䣬һǿҵΣдĿһԼĻˣǱҶСͷһƫͬʱҶС绯ΪָһõĹâָų˶Էڵ·
ڴƶԷ·˲䣬ҶСоԼĲ΢΢һ


453 ľܿһµԭ
ʱ˶ͣҶС֪ϵ΢ΪѪÿҲ֪һۣз첨ˣղûпŲѩνһ˿ļûпղŵĶܣֻ쵽ΣգܵķӦѣ˶ԷʵĽ
ȻˣֻǴ˶Է·ڶԷಿλһѪۣŲѩγûأϵһƤĻȻܾˡ
ҶС֣Ǳ˵żҵһˣѩĽֻҪǵˣһһŲѩĽоᵽ
ҶС𾪵ͬʱŲѩҲͬ뷨ҶСķӦϣΪսҲԾѡ
Ľܿ죬ûпҶСֱŲѩ˵
ҳѾˣҲܿ죬ȻûпǿҵĶ֡ŲѩеǶԼڵӶ񻯳
ҶС翴˿ý֣ʼմڽ״̬ʱ˲γ
Ҽһ˵ĽĽٶҲܿ죬쵽˼¡ҶС˵һһŲѩĽͬĽǻӽٶȿ죬ÿһƴԽ˿ռǰ㣬÷ʤ֪ĽŲѩĽͬĽӴ⣬ӵƫ˼£ֻһǾǰνȻֽʣô򵥣һûܶĹȥҶСϣ˶Ծ龰
ȻǸʱһǣһھ쾳ǰֳһ㣬һ죬սɱӣΪڿռԵʣʹõһĪ⡣
ҶС绰ŲѩеĽʧһ˿ɻڻû˵˭ý
һڴҶСЦЦ˵
˵壬ǵĽȷܿ¡Ųѩ˵
ҶСŲѩֹͣսԶС߳˶⣬˶۾·ǰ˻þ
磬ǲѾսˣС㿴Լĸɻʵ
ǰѾˣ£εʱ򣬲ǵĶ֣ٸǳɳʱ䣬żҵǸСһܳѩЩп˵ûֵĮɼҶСŲѩ𾪲С
ôܣǵսѾˣϹһܲŵ˵һԵ֣Ǳ򡢺ѩ˪ҲһŵӣղֻǿҶСɢҫ۵ѤâȻܵһһŵĽ⣬ǷӦʱѾֹͣսǲǰһġ
ǣеĻȴǲòţô˵Ǻ˼ҵսĲһ㡣
ʱҶСŲѩ˹ʲôû˵ֻжһ֪ǵʤ
ҶС粱ϵ˿ѾԶûһ˿ĺۼŲѩǰѩ׵·ϣ΢΢͸Щɫ
ѵŲѩˣôأ
Ҷֵܣû뵽㾹Ȼôǰսһˡ֣Ǳɫӵ˵̫Ȥһ¶˾ģȻص˼һҪŬȥҶС̫Զˡ
û֡ҶСҡҡͷ˵
սһΣҲûǸҪˡҶѰԳһЦ˵
ģһһǰߡҶСҶѰļ˵
֪һġҶѰܼᶨ
ҶСΪ˵һھ뿪ʵûȥߵʱҶСǵϸܵǿҵĺ⡣
Ҫ¶˷ˣҶСѾǼӣżңܻܿҶС벻ףżҵЩΪʲôҪռéӲʺǼռľܿ㲻ţñ˿˼Ůһ˼ҷﲻܲʣ̫˷ˡ
һҪຣҶС簵¾˵
ĸߺҶС硢ѩ˪Χһ𣬳ſ⣬䣬֣Ǳȥ˼ƿϺõʿɣֻ֣ǱĻ࣬Ϊջ֣Ųѩһ仰û˵ֻƵĺžƣⶼԣ֪Щʲô
ʱҶС˹żҶľܿ飬Ҳ˵飬ʮǰżҵһ˿ľܿ㣬Ӵ˺󣬾˱ľܿ㲻ñ˽ӽǸ˵ǱչУľܿ㵽ڻǹһˣʹľܿ뷴ˣϾԷ˴֮һżң˭ǵ
ȻǶ˵ģҶСо鲻ô򵥣ŮǣҪľܿ㲻أ
֣ǱҶСͺ˶һֵ۹⿴ҶС磬֣ǱǸҶСһ˶񣬻˵ҶСҪǽǵĻһ֧֣ҶѰͲ˵ѵõǱŲѩҲͷ֧֣ʧȥҶСöְɣ
Сͺѩ˪ûʲôʾֻǶҶС翴ҶСͷƤһ顣
ֵһǣĵĹУѩ˪ͣؿҶСĿд֮ɫΪõʱ³ʱҶСƭбʲô
ʮӵʱҶСҪȥ֣ǱǿϸͬһӣԻմմҶСҶСƨϣɽׯڻкܶշҶС绹ûססԼĸоϾѲԼĹѡ


454 ΪԼŮ˴
ҹɫʣ¹ˮʹûнֵ·ƣҲԵúڰҹƽҵķϳҹǡ
뿪ԭ̬ȻɽװҶСһ·ɳֻۣʮҵʱ͵ƽҵҹҲû˿ü
ҶСæµŵĺʫǳǳһЦĿͣذ⣬ҶСǰȥææµĹֻǳ̸˼䣬ѦȴһֱЦĺϲ£죬ԼŮҶС˵ĬôܲأЩģԼŮܵίӽַһЩ˿е֪ҶС߻ŮӣɵΪԼŮġ
ʮһʱ򣬹˿һ˺ֵܶ࣬ϵ޼ȴʫҶСй䡣
Ľֵϣ˲ߣƽ·ͶĵӰӣ·Ӱӣ¹ӰӣӰ㿣֯һ˵Ĳ࣬·Ҳ˵黰
ԺͲҪôˣ϶˯ᣬҪȥҽˡҶСźʫ˵
ûµģҲࡣʫҡҡͷһֻ֣ҶСĸ첲ͷ΢΢ҶСļϣֻʱҶСȫһˡ
Թޣһ˿ûУֻԼϲ˿֣ɵ˺ۣҶС֪ʫʵʵϲԼԼһ˿ʣǴİ飬ǳγоͿԿ
˵㲻࣬㿴۾ҪèˡҶС뿪Ц˵дֵ顣
˵ôšʫݸһЦԼ۾
ҶС翴󣬹ЦÿŮӶа֮ģԽƯŮԽˣǲʩ졢һյĺʫҲ⡣
ʫĿҶСһۣС΢΢һ졣
Ҫѧˡڴ˺ܳܳʱ䣬ʫͻȻ˵дһ˿ꡣ
ҶС֪˼ҪѧˣշְĻ˿϶һ༶ĽѩȻһ࣬Ǹʱ򣬵ͷ̧ͷҶСĽѩ˴֮ʱʫһʹġ
Բ𡣡ĬһᣬҶСĿдǸ˵
Ҫô˵ԹԵʫ飬һļᶨ
ҶСؽʫ˻Уа뵽ԺһҪٶԺʫ˺
ҴȥɡҶСںʫȻʫСһΪһ磬ʧԭأƽСķɳ۶ȥ·ûˣûע⵽һĻ
ʫ۾Էٺ˵ĽжҶСİŨˣҶСźʫӽƽСʱſڵҲûע⵽ȵʮ¥ǰҶСûдŽȥںʫľУŰɫˮܣٵȥ
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һҩˮԸʣϽȥҪȻһҩȫӷˣҪѹ·ŶҶСЦ˵˫ĿĶźʫ
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ҶСֻεתĵ溦ߡ
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֣Ǳ˵һַ󣬾͹ҵ绰ĽѩԹС鷳飬ҶСһǸ˵Ǹ½ϲȥˣһΣҪ
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456 
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ҶС˽ȥڸ߽ŵϣҪһˮһߺžˮһ߰۲֣Ǳָ꣬ȻӱϿǺͨûʲô𣬵ҶС绹ܴϸܵѪζǾǣƤҲڵסнƻ׺ݵĹâ
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ҶСԼһˮŮ˲绨ҶСţҶСһûһӦţȫϡ
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ҶСûлشĬĬؼʱ䣬ȵ߳ȥʮӵʱ䣬ҶСӿóëүүȻ׼ߣŮӵסˣ˧磬˰ɣ
ҶСûᣬɽŰԪ󳮷˸̨ϣתߡ
ŮһҶСıӰһ˿棬һ˿į
ҶС˳ȥ󣬿Ůһǰߣһ˵Цţ·ͣһ⳵ˣҶСվƵµ֣Ǳһƣһʧˣڳ⳵ף֣ǱҶѰ˸ҶС
⳵ʻƽһЩƫƧĵطͣˣ˳ǰţҶСһξ󣬱ֹͣ˸٣ҶѰ١
סƫƧĵطѹ춼ûҵЩ˵Ӱ֣Ǳ˵
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ҶСüͷЩԾ֣Ǳе˲˽ҶС֪ǰǷ׼ǨķݣסǣȴŮǰȥ
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ʲôԾģ֣ǱɻʵҶСǰɱȥƻ磬Ҳȥ
ǰûסǲǨҶС˵תۼѾҶѰߣ˾ںڰС
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ҶС仰˶㶣ĿǰҶС˵⣬ûˡ
ʱһһŮӵ˹λ磬ǰǲǨûסģǽʲô
곤Цһžİҹ˵ëȻ
λ˺ܾðɣһ·ˡ˹


457 һĻ
Ťͷ˲ĵط˹һ˫Ŀк˸ͺгѪҺ
ˣ໥һۣȻӺڰ˳ǰȥһֱߵ˾ǰʮ׵ĵطֹͣЧķӦ롣
ǣʲôˣǳɫȹŮǿ־֮ɫʵղŽЦҹèͷӥĽֺӤ﷢ëʱŲЩԾǲǨûһסǣȴô
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˵ʲôˣԿתͷһ䣬ɺĹâͺѪҺҪγһ㣬һЦ¶˰ɭɭݣͼΪ
ŮӾֵؽгƳգⰵҹƾ˼ֿ־壬һų̿ŮŵɪɪҪ˳
еŮӣгȾ׼ܣǣ𷢵̽һץסŮӳĺڷߣһЦͷҧŮӲϵĴϣŮӵ˲òҰޱȣûӵʱ䣬ŮӵɱתۼʣһƤͷĲˡ
ŮӵʬͺһһߣҶС缸˲һЦȫѪʺͷһӡ
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ٺ١Цһ첲ͿǾ׽ڼžҹ˭¼϶˯ž
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ΪʳѪΪˮҶСûмȲ̵壬ֲ֣Ǳ򶼽ǽණȻǰޱȣ
ˡ֣Ǳ򿴲ȥˣΪˣԼͬ౻Էʳ׽еȻΪߣһ·֮죬صܡ
ȵͬʱˣһֻɫĴƾǰĿռ䣬Լٶ̽˶Էǰ껹ûзӦ֮ʣһץסŮӵ壬Ȼ˹ָŮϵ㶯˼£ֹסŮӵѪҺ֣ǱЩʹĴӿڴóһƿȡһҩҺȵͿŮӵĶϱ۴
ȵɢŮӶϱ۴ϸۿɼٶȿٵķţתۼ䣬ͳʵˣȻֹסѪҲһκ첲ϵƣǣȴԶʧȥһ첲
ǾȻҵʳǸȾѪĽ꣬ʵԵĺбҽصĶһµ棬һĵ涼ݺƽˮ·ѳѷ졣
ҪҶС˱
侲㡣΢Ľ갴סļеĺȥֺݺһеֱֱۣӳĩƬء
ʱ΢ĽǵѪѾȫʧˣڣ˶ָ侲ӣһϷ֮ɫӡ
ߣٺ٣ҿǣ̫ˣû뵽ڻľȻлȵѪҺ˫۷Ź⣬촽ͺǿһ㿴ˡ
汻ѻ˵ˣǵǳǵ֣ǱЩƵ˵ŤͷҶѰһʧˣƬֳԭλãǰѻеŮӷŵ˾ǺԶĵطҪȻһսʼ˭Ҳ˲
ǵѪǾҪûǸˡ֣Ǳ˵ĿɱΣҶСҶѰҲɱ⣬ղǼΪ̵һĻش̼ˣǸͲ˵˿
ȻǸ£ǵĳĻǻ¼֣ǾƾСһﻹǲ񡣡΢΢ЩĽǲм
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ôǲûҵĴ󡣡·ǿ͸ҶС뷨͵
˵ʵѪפչܣѪȻҺһ󣬵ǣ˭Ҳ֪Ǵ˶õĹҡҶѰҶС紫͵


458 Ƕ
ǻʲôûУûеĻҾҪ·ˡĿһ˵һèİ֮ɫ
ôǵĸٵģҶѰŶԷʵ
һʼưɣҾע⵽ǣΪֻżȻǣǳȥʱ򣬿վƵ£һûмġǼ˵ĿͶҶСϣĿϬŷɫ磬㣬ҿ͸ص
صǶҪģþûгѪҺζˣпڸˡ촽о˿ʱ˷ܡ
˵գȫƴǣɫ޷裬һɳɢ˿ΰޱȣͺһ½ӻȪ֮
ҶСһƬأԷΪǵϣʹӶԷɢƣ֪Էսˣʵ֮ϣһΣ˵׻Ϊ˭ﻹһأ
ɣĵߣſĴЦȻ̤أˮ·ϳһĽӡԴŷ޴ĳ˳˹
ǰ֣ǱʵԵɫâƾճһУŤǱ紵壬˲䣬ԭλõӰͺǳɳӰɢʱѾһɷʹȻķΪһ壬תۼѾߡ
ɫлһߣֱжԷţҪƿԷȡѪһ˫ʺޱȣǹҳһ˿̵ĳ֮⣬˶ȭͷȫһѪâȥͺѪɫȭס
һȭ̺ϵ·ܹɽȣȭͷδǿľε֣ǱۣһȻûԷȭͷ̲صȻֲ˹ǣʱѾˣʽϣջأеķдƬռ䣬һƬռе˷ϣһ̼䣬âһǵɫУĹ켣Ī⡣
䡣һһص˽ִͨڵĻǵĹĤᱻơ
Ľһȭ֣Ǳ̺СķУӿȵǵĴӣ֮ɳʯˮ·涼γһ㡣
֣Ǳ岽֮ԶʮӡԽǰӡԽǰǸӡܲ֩һܼѷ졣
ԷֻǺһ⻹ǶԷһȭɼ֮ĲжôĴ
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֣ǱͿ֮ʣȲ̡һһ˹ϵļ⽥ͻ
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ҶѰĿɫâųѳֱ˹ȥԷûжܡ
ϡһײɫ飬˵ɢУӺ󣬲ҶС绹ҶѰ֮ʵ̫ǿˣʹҶС繦⣬רŵĴ幦ЧǣʱҶСǿȻǲ˼ңֻ񹦽һ㣬ܳԷ塣
˹ҶѰ廯һ⣬ֱ˹ȥγϵһзͬգⰵҹкƻʵǣɫƼ׶ֱš
һЦָצ״ȻȥץҶѰĳҶѰǹҳһ˿ЦתһܣӿеϽɫâʢһɫľ
ϡϻǯؼסҶѰȴˣѪͬʱҲʮףϳ˳ĺۼ
ܺã޴ˣȻˡ꿴Լϱ˳Ľˣ϶˰ɭɭĹͷͷ϶һۼһŭ˫ĿɫĹâ﷢
˵ֻһʱ飬ҶѰɫ˱䣬һնԷ֣ǣû뵽ֻöԷˣԼ飬û٣нɫâֻһԲЩƬİȫ˽ϣ̽壬ȻǺǣҲѾѪˡ
˵սҶСкܳأڿһΪĺ׼ѾңʵǿǸͲǶ֣壬ҶС
䡣һ죬һӰˣݺݵ˵ϣˮϱҳһ󶴣ӰɫҰףѪͷģѣ֣Ǳ
ҶСһǰǲǵĶ֣ס绰ˡ
֣Ǳ˵ͷһµӣԷر


459 
ĵ߻ûо˾Ͳˡ꿴һǱ֣Ǳһʧ˵ȻĿͶҶС磬ϣ㲻ҪôҺ볢ǿѪҺζ
ֻҪǸʵҶС綢Ž˵Ȼ֪ԷʵǿܲǶ֣սϻҪӶԷ˵꣬ȫѤĹâ˺ϵ·䣬âһء
ҶС籬Ĺâʱ֣ǱʮףʱѾˣҶСͶԷսನ˺Ļصԭ̬ȻɽׯЦ
óֻ˶Сĵ绰׼еĵ绰ģǣкͲֻģֻڶԷ˵Ʒ
˺þõ绰ڽͨˣӶԷ绰ӵпó棬˶С㣬󣬶СܽźܵĵҶСûУ֣ǱޱƵʵشҶС绹ģԼˣ˭֪СһãǴӦϹ
ҵ绰֣Ǳޱ۵ȡƿһ룬ȻתҩָԼơ
е˼ĽҶСŲ֮ɫЩ죬һϵ·ը¶˾ִһĽʵǳ֮ɫ촽˫ȭһգǹĴⰵҹ˵
ĿҶСһۣӶһ֣ʾҶСȳ֡
ҶСһٶȼ죬Ѿﵽ˹ٶȣһĳһ޴ƾؼγɣʶĿʵһ̺ʮ仯ޱȣ˲֪ҪǸλ
ĽɫЩأƾһƾ֪Էһ֣б˵Ѫɫâһȭƾմ񱩵ľȭͷƶ˹ǰĿռ䵴ֹһƬҪһ㡣
ҶСƷжôľֻһȭɣԷڵһȭҶСһͱܿ˶ԷĹһ˹ȥӡԷš
ķӦνһֻƴȭͷ
ءȵľɢռ䶯ֹ˵嶼ҶС˷û뵽ԷȻ˿ֲȻҶСƷ飬ǶԷҲùҶСʹõƣҲǸɽţֱ࣬Է̫˶ˣҶСֻʹƷƷ˺ô˵һЩ
ǿˣϲǿߵѪҺζܸҴ֣ٺ١Ľ˵ǸЦ˵ëȻĹ˹ȥҶС硣
һҶѰͶԷսҲ˸߳׶ΣҶѰʼմ·磬似ľͶԷζ
꿴սķϣһ춯أɫĳ˲Ѫɫθһߣ첲ȣȴȫ飬ţ·ڹ˾ս
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֣ǱĿе֪ÿһжػߣǾΪƲֵߵˣŷǧļе֪غһƬȫŷеػߣԱ֤ƽŪӡ
˵ͷȻҲ˳ǰʻȥǰЩлżһϽóһ·ɫͻظһ˾˹𶯲ѣû뵽ܹʶһĻ
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470 ҶСҰ
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˽ȷ˷棬ֿɶĽѩС鷳ŮȴɨǸշȻܸɾٴɨһҲ޷
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ŮӽɨϽҶСͽЩҾȫ˽ȥĽѩָʾҾ߷źãһкĽѩͽԼĶ򷿼ڰڷţֿɶ֪ĽѩԺҪס۵Щ΢΢ȻҶСһͷۡ
ʱŮӶæµţҶСܿУ￴ţԼĴӪȥҪڵԼչ
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ǰ͸˵ܸӣ̫ˣڵʵҲǸŶѣһ֣Ը⣬ȫһ˲ݻٰУǶôµ顣
ҴѧŬܹԶĸ浽ңһ𴳵磬ֻȥһͷĿ˵ҶСʧ֮ɫ
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471 ԳºƵ˵
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ǶߣԴҸڵĹԺǣҪһ㣬ֻҪŬΪߣǵҰͻԽԽʱǾ֪Ҳ̸Цѡ
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ǰĴȫһ㱡ɫâؼĵ໥Ӧƺܴ󣬵ǣûһˮܵϣһ˫ɫĸ߸Ь״Ȼúϵ˾ȵ߶Ȼûз
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ʱ֪ĸֳɫˣҲ뵽ɱ֮УӰŴ˵
Ҫսߡбϸü΢˵Ȼǰȥ
ǣС㡣Щ˴Ȼ˴Ϊ赲ӵ
𶯣ǰʮֳǹ֧ľˣЩ־֮ɫŴǰߣǲȥ
աǹӵȫƯ˴ǰĿռУϵҫÿһöӵ϶һ㵭ɫâӵЩȫ䴩ǵϵһ䣬ͬ̿ˮС
ʲô˾һɱ޹һ˸տҪ߳ߵʱһԶѹתۼһλ۵˳Ҳʮ״ûʲôâˮȴ䵽ϷֺΧһεĸĤ赲ˮ
ˣ˫ĿбųɫĳâеĺɫɡһӶΪһ⣬˻ûзӦʱͷ­ͷ˳ȥѪɫӿ嵹ˮС
˿ɫɡüȻ󣬾ǰȥһʧƬء
ҫƬȫѪɫˮԶһѺɫɡڵϣ֤ⳡѪɫɱ¾


475 Ӧ1
ҹߣ׺䣬һЩ˵һ꣬ǳʱ꣬һЩ˵ⳡȴѵĿʼ
Ԥŵפأųĵڣһ绰ڴϵ˫ۻδʱ򣬾Ѿֱ壬˫Ŀ˫ĿпЩ˯⣬˸ľȴ֪ʱ״̬ԴѣӰ˼
һִ·һץ绰ڰҹ绰Ŀ϶ʲô飬ιᣬʲô£
ųħħˡˡ绰дϤľԱԪԪǸԹΪˣȣ侲⼸Ϊ˺ܶ£Ԫһʱ䣬ֱϸӪĸλϾԪر㡣
ʱԪȫûĳ侲Ļ״ΣǾ֣˼Ϊֲһ㣬˼ΪԤС
ӵϼ³һطԱʹһǿȥ³ڵ·˶ĵطһֱǰȵģûгʲô״ǣԪ֪ˣҪȻԪҲܱӡ
ԪҪǸˣó˵ʮĵʱ䣬ʮҪǰԪڵ绰дһȻ֪³Ǳ߷ʲôΪµ飬ȻԪʱ䡣
ųңûˡԪд˿ɳƣΪźŲõԵʣ绰еӵɳơ
׳ʲôˣһ˵ʱѾ·ȫˡ
ųղһ˴ӪأǵĿǵµĶǿǹǣǸͲǹǾͲˣӵͣǵǰֻǶ˶֣ӵͷ˻սˣˣ˺ܲҡԪǿ־壬һ˿ĿǻΪȥսǶˡ
Ԫ³ǱߵĸˣҲжô£ôģҴº飬һث֡ȵ
棬ųԪث֡Щ־壬Ǽǿ˵
ãҵˣϽȥº£Ͼ͹˵Ȼ͹ص˵绰һ˳ȥ˽
ѹǹ˾֮ϵһ̼䣬Ӫе˶ΪѸٵĴ·ǰҹû˿ԹԣϾǾˣΪġ
ʿǼϵʱ䣬óһɫֻһ绰Ȼ󳤳һлЩģ³Ǳ߷£Ԫ֪ʿǾʲôҪȥԺ֪
绰غúһȻ߳Լᣬʱ޴УϣվһʿܴȻֱͦҡˣȴϼ
ᴩ˸ֳһЩȻĶûиʿǷʲô£ҲûбҪߣʿ˷ӾǷӡ
һһƤ󿨳һӪʿǶٵ˳һӪʿرӪһһٵ³ʽȥ
жʱйֵֵҹ˽ӵ˵绰˶Էϳ֪̬ԣϽֳҹֳԼᰴ绰˷顣
֪³ǶϽ˹ҹ֪ͨеľ죬ڰСʱ֮ڸϵּϣ˭ϲͽгԼ֤
˯ķ᰽ӵ绰һŭŮ˯߲ʱǺܱģǷԸеĻ𱬵Ůӡ
绰ǹֵԱģ˵³Ǳ߳Ͻϻؾ֣ųоЩ죬жˣ˵˴飬ǸϽ·Լĳ򾯾ʻȥ
еڶҽҽѧԺԱӵ绰ҲϽ³ʻȥ
̺ԭ̬Ȼɽׯϣûһ˿ĺɼ֮˸ߵΪǹ⿿츳ڷܡ
ͻȻ䣬˫ĿĿб˼ΪԵĽ⣬ǰĿռ΢΢еİԵֻһţſһŲ𣬷ƿֻųȹĶС˽
ôô˯֮ɫʵ
磬ְӵ绰С˹еһֻݸ˶УûдֻϰߣҲֻĸҪȻֻܴСĵ绰
ŶüͷԼĸԴ绰϶ʲôҪ顣
ǽ


476 Ӧ2
³˴£֪𣿡н绰һ˵˹ǵȻƽȴһϺͰԵ֮⣬ͬеĽǰԵ˲òӦԡ
֪кƽ˵·Ǹһİڽһ㣬Ϳ֮仹ϵ
δˣһѪϴפ³ŵˣǵĿ͵ȡһЩѪɷʯǴĿɣȥɣǵ֮󣬶Է͹ҵ˵绰
ɫȻƽֻݸ˶С㡣
磬ôˣСӹֻɻʵ
³⣬ȥеͷ֮ɫĿԼ˵Ȼһ¶Сһ֣ȥ
ûзǣĴյϿվԶƫ˿ǶǿԵĽˮ֪ܽʵֲľ硣
ߵǰʮ׵ʱͻȻһױȵƣǹֱϿյܼĻ˺˿γһͨ
ȻƾˣǣߵĶСȴûܵӰ죬ˢˢˢӰȫСľзɱ˳˶ǰ
ʲôˣ֣Ǳ˯ʵ
ǶĿͶ˶У֪ڰҹǽгʲô飬仹ҹ
³ˣǵȥе˵ȻС³ķȥȻߵúһȴԽ׵ľ롣
ŲѩƽĿзһ˿ɫбųΪĽ⡣
³ˣѵЩӴľȻĿŵѪɷʯ֣Ǳͷ˵Ȼȥһչ³ķɱȥ
ǴˣûŪԷĿģǵĿĲȥѪɷʯֻһֻȥȷϡнĶп˵
˶˹ǶΪЩᶯеһЩȥ͵ѪɷʯֻҪһ쵽ʲôͻȥ³ǵٶҲʮӵ飬ʱôһ˵ʱžԼˡ
ѰҪҪҶֵҲй֣ǱҶѰ˲籼У֣Ǳ
ˣ˼˯أǲҪŵĺãοҲûʲôϵûбҪǿʲô£ǣͨ˺ѡҶѰ˵
Ҳǰ֣Ǳ΢΢˼һ˵ͻȻбһƬĹâѰʲôʱô
һ򶼺ֻܴ˵ѡҶѰ˵
ѰҷƤˣǣղ⻰Ҳֻ֪ŵڶ֣Ǳ˵
ҶѰŤͷ˵ʲôʱͻȻתȥͷĿбɫâ·Ĺ·ɫСγǰʻţʻķһƬɽׯСγڹ·ʻһǰҹ
Ǽ˶ͣվ˽ֵһߵ¥ϣĳ
ʱںɫСγĴ·Ǹоʲô͸ȥֻ¥վʮӰĿЩɫȻ󣬵ͷ·ղû̧ͷһ㡣
˼ѵǾǻĵߣǹҳһ˿Ļȡ
磬ôˣСɻʵ֪ԼĸΪʲôҪŹ·ϵɫĳ
о𣿡ŤͷŲѩԣˣûпС
оˣи֡Ųѩ˵
֣ºһɻ󣬡ѵйˣ
֪Ӧǰɣ˵
Ҫĸȥȥºʵ
㣬ǲܶԿġ˵Ȼǰ汼ȥºһ㶣վûиȥѡ˼ŶС
ԼʮӺһ³פĵطʱ·ѾˣյλεģڵһжܿʹûдƣܿϾǶѾ쾳磬ҹΪ졣
ڵһкǶˣֻϵĻˮȫѪҺƬضȾˣ֪ҪˣȾƬأϻʮʬ壬Щʬ嶼ûͷޱȡ
Լʮװʿ̧Щʬ壬Щʬ̧ȥǵľͺǵ񣬵ǣǵȴ˸ӵУп־壬бʹзŭ
ô£ô£֣Ǳһ𾪵ʵ
ǵʧôˡе˵Ŀȴųһɱ⡣
磬Ǳ߻иûͷˣˡʱ˶ĶС˵ɫܲ԰ףǱ龰סˡ
˿ȥֻ߱Եһ۵ֱֱڵϣһܿһӣĻˮȫǳɫһԴھĵطһ˫۾ɵϴĿ˵ġ
нС󣬲һ棬Ӱ


477 Ӧ3
ҲһߡϹ׿ǾʧȥԴʬ΢΢̾һ˵ͬΪߣԷʧȥвЩϧ
ߡʱŲѩ漣˵һ仰⻰󣬳˶˶ĿͶǣŲѩ˵仰󣬾ͳĬһܣ˵ĿЩʧ
ػŷҵˡʱп˵
ŷҵˣһд򶷣ǰ鿴ԷʵǿȻնɱˡϹĪĹâ˵
ѵǸղ·ʱɫСγϵģ֣Ǳżʵ
˶˳˼ŵǲǸղǻ˸ɵģǸղųĻôǾʹһκûᣬնɱǵĻᡣ
֪һһŮɱŷˣǿǱиɫɡҶСѵһٺ󣬲֪춼û˵˵
˿ȥȴһѺɫɡڵϣĴϣȻһɣ
ߺߣǿɲһŮӣҲ˵ˣ㲻ֻɡϾϵжϳ֣Ǳ˵һˬҪҶСԺ֣ǱԽԽǲˬ
ʲôˣʱһһ󼫿ĽŲʮװֳǹ֧ʿǹ׼˶һˡ
˭Ǹˣɨʮʿһۣ˵
еĿɨУǶ̲סһʱһ弫Ϊʿǰȥ˵Ҿǣʲôˣ˵ݹǿǹ
λʿǾװϵļһǣӦǵ
ˡе˵Ȼӿڴȡһ֤һӵУһһ֤ǹԺֱӰ䷢ģԶԷԼˣһݻ͡
Ĵ󺺹Ľ֤˹ȥȻվֱһ񣬡оӪ١
ʿϽǹҲ˸񣬴Ľٺá
ʱǵЩղеķŭʹͿ־ȫʧˣ쵼ûǣǹͬ
ﵽ׷ʲô£ʵ֣ǱҲĿͶ档
־ŭ֮ɫĽľ˵һ飬󣬶һĿж˺⣬ϵɱⲻΣЩʿһȻϽ˼ʱ򣬲ž˺ܶࡣ
Բ𣬳̫ˣˣôʿһ֮ɫ
ǣǵʵܶԿģ¾ͽǴˣģһǱģڼæɣתתе˵
ǣ١湧˵Ȼʿ뿪ˡ
뾡콫ǹЩҳоҪˡ˵
ǻȥɣдһ죬ɫɡУȻŶСȥ˷ǰĿľΪ˿Ƿʲô£˽һЩԺĴ㣬ǴҲûʲôˣϾЩͽѾˡ
ԺҲˡ
˰Сʱʱ䣬һƤ󿨳˹ͣ˾棬һʿٵ³վţ֮һ·Ӿ첽פӪء
ųԲܣúֵܶܰװײᣬװԪֱӹ˵ϣһʹ˵
ԪϽǰһԪ
ԪľԪ˵Ҳ˿־壬֪ЩͽôźõʱʱѸղſе˵˳ȥ
һĨɫǵĴ߹ɳһسˣУоͲ̫ҡ
Ǿ˵˰ɣ
Ὣʣ˼˵˺ܶܶĻЩ鶼ǣǶԷ̫ǿˣѾиҪȥԸЩͽˣ˵һӪһӪʵĿӪʿŵʬ壬ؾһ
ʿЩʬȫڳϴȥշһʿʬ壬ɫľȻϵһ״ӵҽӰɫľȻ˳˵ʿȫתƵ˾Ȼϡ
һһ˹ֳҹŸֳᰵˣҹ̸֣Ӫз顣
ҹŭ˵һὫЩɱּù鰸ģֻǵĵ˵ͷû˵ʲôоҪ׷ЩͽЩܣϣɵϣҲǶһˡ
ǿһ߾ߵʬʱɫѿ֪εҪִˣϵĸޱȣΪһҪ֣ΪЩ׳սʿ֮顣


478 Ӧ4
ͬһĻ棬ΪӳķɫΪѿԪĻֵ֪һǺҶСһ
һ뵽óֻҶСĵ绰ҶС֪ҶСֻػˣһƣдҶС˯ֻڵϲ飬ֹؼʱȻػзǳĲˬ
ὫʿǵʬȫڳϺ󣬰һԱȻ󣬾뿪ˣ־ֳҹڶྯ鿴һΧûзκ˿Խֻлᾯо
Ǹջصֿʱһ绰˹˵£ǲҪȥ֣˷˵ټ֣ܶȱȥĻҹصͷӦô˵ҲΪ˼ٲҪΪ֪Щʲôˡ
һҹɷץҪԭҹֻ˵ȵùӣȻ˶ͣǶףֳʿܶԿġ
ҹ̺һɽׯڣŴķУ޵Ķ֮Ĵһɫľϣ˶վǰ
һ˫˿鲨ķĿɨһˣڵѾɹȡƷǣǵûɣҪľǽȫͻȥ˹ĸˣĸ˷ֱһЩģһͳǹһʱڻȥ
ǣС㡣˹˵
С㣬һȥһƤʵ
󣬴˫ĿбųɫʱòҰޱȣ֪Լ˴󣬲ӦȥԼС㡣
һΡ˵˺⡣
ǣС㣬һ´ˡƤϽ˵˲ͷĺˮ
Ҫ뿪ģԽΣնȣ߽ͻȥĸʡǽһ䣬ȻͷĻ˻Ӻʾ뿪
һ˻صɽׯʮһ֣Ϊֶ붼ɫСγˣĻЩ˶һסڱ̺һɽׯ
Ϲסͳ¼ֵҪһɽׯûлشΪ⣬һݵĻне̺ʽ緢ֱֹ֣նɱʲôԭ
󣬶ֻͬҪйĸУôовȶأֱնɱȥЩȶء
峿պʯһտտҹһϴ˿Ưĳϴ˳еۻ࣬ȴڸѪȺɱ¾
ò˵ߵΪģǼ£ҹʩѹκ˶Ǽ´ȥҪȻй¶飬Щ߻ǵõСϢܵĲɷҽԺһЩҽϣ͸¶һЩ鱨ǣܶҽԸ͸©Ƕ쵼±Դ
ȻҲЩ߸㵽ϣЩϢЩϢǱ۸˼汾ϣʵһ㶼ǿЩ߻Ҫȥʱǵ쵼һ²ˣ˭ҲȥĻͲֻǳְô򵥣ܻܿʧȥϢģֹͣ˲ɷá
׼ȥʱ򣬶ֹˣ᰸Ǹ˵绰ûڲ顣
Ҳǣϵ飬һ˳ȥ»ĿֻţһЩңΥ˹гԭ
ӽϿʼ𣬽ֵѲߵľ˺ܶ࣬ж˲٣ڳվۿڻǻӶһЩˣ֪϶Ƿ˴£ҪȻͲôʽ
ϣҶСһ˯ѾǾŵˣĽѩС鷳綼ˣ緹ˣҸеҶС˿֪ϷĴ£ϰҹʱĽѩ漣˽´Ƭ̺Ľѩߺܻ˷䡣
磬ˡҶСӷ˳ɳϵС鷳Ťͷ˵
С磬ڳȥ˹Ľѩͻݵ˵Ȼ߽˳ҶС˹㣬һСӵģ
ĽѩͻȻӣҶС绹Щʴӡ
С磬ǲǲϲӣҶСеľȣĽѩЩʵ
ϲôܲϲֻͻȻôɣ˾ЩӦҶСЦЦ˵
˼ǰˣĽѩĿһɣɱĿҶС硣
ĽѩӣҶСŶѩдЩԡ
ѩʵǰͦõģûҪôĸıԼҶС˵
Ľѩɫ˱䣬㻹õʱ㻹ϣôãߣĽѩĲҶСһţȻҶߣŮҶС硣
ʵĽѩ֮Իı䣬һΣУϵΣУǺʫֿɶŮ֪ܸоǶҶСкøУҶСͻȻ뿪Żı䣬û뵽ǣҶСĸıȻ飬ա


479 ҧǸ
ҶСսĽѩֶֻֻ𴲵ʱ򿪻ģóһǷᰵģ߳ȥӵ绰ǣתһûʲô˵ģȥӵ绰Ľѩ⣬Ǿɳϰ˽
쵰ǲǲŸ˯ᰵ˹
ǸĴ绰ʲô£ڷᰵĴҶС˿⣬ЦЦ˵
˯ˣһҹû˯ҶСĻ᰺ܲˬ˵ԼҹҶСûаҹ;úܲˬ
㲻˯ûʲôϵɣҶСε˵
˭˵ûйϵˣ֪֪Ϸ˴¡ʼʱᰵܴ󣬵˵һ仰ʱС˺ܶ࣬˵ĻһҲǣ飬ѾҪܷϢ˭͸¶ȥ᰾ҶС粻ͨ˵ȥҲ޷
ϳʲô£ҶСЩɻʵϳ˴µĻ䲥Ͽ϶УӵŮһῴģǣʱûŮ˵ʲô鷢Щɻ
СĶҶС˵Ϸ顣
ҶСͷ˵ʱĽѩֱֱֻģȻϿĿӣʵ͵ҶС˵
ղҶСֻһ죬оЩ΢΢ĽţҶС粢ûбܿʱһɣղŮӵʱɵн
ᰵĻҶС罣üϷµȷܴ飬Ͳֵͨܲġ
ȻҪǲҪ֣ͲҪˣǵʵܶԿ˵ãµġҶС˵
ǣң⣬ܾܲˬ᰺ܲʵ˵
ôʵܶԿ˼ң˵ˣǰйֵо죬ͬŵ˼ǵĶ֣οҵõǣͲҪˣ˻ᴦµġҶСЩ˵˼ȷҪԲҪȥЩ֪Ϊ顣
㣬Ϊ죬ǻҪЩ˵ټܾܲĴÿĩȷнˮ֪ҶС˵ʵ᰻̲ס˵һ䡣
Ҳԣǲ鵽ҪжԸ˵һҸץ֡ҶС˵
㣿Щ˵ѵʶˣ
ţʶ
һûУͲ֪ôȥ飬ֻиڴϲ飬˭˵µЩЩй˵
ʱҶСͻȻŷǧȻ˵˵ˣǧˣҪɣڰ칫ҡ
˵꣬᰾͹Ҷ˵绰
ŷǧˣҶСЩӣŷǧ뿪ҶСûмҲûи绰ΪŷǧҪģǺҶСܵʲô˺˵һղʮûмȷʵЩ
ʱͻȻоɱĿ⣬һĽѩĿ⣬ղ¶ɫһĽѩˣŤͷȥֻĽѩĿɱĿ
ҶСڿĽѩɫһ䣬ղŻɱȻĿʱˮվߵҶС
Ȼ֪ĽѩΪʲôͻȻˣǣһ˿ܲĸо
С磬ղںǸŮ˵Ľѩ˵һҲûгԴ׵˼
ѩ룬ǹֵķӳ¡ҶСܲȻ˵
ӳĽѩظһ䣬ص˿ûиı䣬᰽ȴǳƯҲرãҵĺöˣǲЩģ𲻳ϣҸղѾˡ
аֻѩһˣѾݲˡҶСĵ˵֪ƭĽѩǲԵģǣܲƭ滰Ȼ˵
С磬ֻҪңҾˣӳȷʵò˼Ը˵һҲϣκ£ҵɵӣʵҶˣûһҪĽѩɵ˵顣
Ľѩ˵仰ʱҶСǺʫıһıģһ׳ԼĻҶСĽѩļͥôȵ˼룬ĸŮӶԼ˶һһ⣬ͲôȣʹǺʫҲһֻҲʵûа취кܲҶС磬ô
Ľѩ˵ĻȷջΪͷ۵ıĽѩйϵЩŮӣֽʼնסΪµıĽѩ֪˺󣬺ìܣ뿪ĽѩղűֵôȾͺˡ
ѩ͹ˣ⣬ŮӶӹ׷ۣҪĻ𣿡ҶСЦЦ˵
ҶСһ仰ĽѩȻʲôС˲䣬еʧĿһвҪ֪ŮʲôϵСҧǸԺ󻹸ʹ
ĽѩĻҶСʱÿ쬵ģϽһ֤Ȼȴ˵Ҫȥһˡ
Ľѩ˵ͷҶСһйȥ۵Ǹ⡣


480 Ӻܴ
Уַᰵİ칫УںҶС˵ʱһɫȹŷǧ˽ϴǳЦݹŮ˵ԡ
ǧʮ춼ûмˣЩȥĶˣŷǧ˽᰹ҵ˵绰һϲõ˵
Ȫдһʱ䡣ŷǧ˵ڷᰶ
ǰһʱ䣬Ǹ쵰ôǸ쵰û۸ɣʵ
⻰ŷǧһ˿΢졣
ôѵǸ쵰۸ˣɫ죬Ӧûʲôʧһɫûɫŷǧı飬˵Щ΢΢ŭɫЩӡ
ŷǧϵЩŹ֣ҶСɫûɫˣɫĳ棬ѾͼŮӶйϵˣԼҲûӹҶСħצͻȻԼĺѷһ׼ʱҶСȴûŻ˵ҶСɫûɫ
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ǧʲô飬ѵ˵ĲԣòԼǸ쵰ɣᰵɴ۾ʵ
аôأŷǧ˵ԼҪ侲¶ţǲҶС˰з龰ϸֳһĨΡ
ǧ˵ǲǸ쵰ʹˣŷǧӣʶŷǧҶС֮䷢ʲôҪȻһȡ侲ŷǧôֱ飬Ķŷǧʵ
еҸȥǸ쵰һ뵽Լĺŷǧ˵ĺŷǧʲôвЩ΢΢⡣
ܶʹʲô룬֮ʲôҲûз㣬ʲôĪϲŷǧת˻⣬òˣ÷ȥ˵¶ʲôţ˵ʵ飬ȷʵҶС˼ЩͨҶСļ䣬õġ
һϲǸ쵰ֱЦ᰸ͲϣеһĨϻܹԲԡ
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󣬷᰽˵һ飬˵쵼ҶС뷨
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֪Ҳû׼ȥץЩֲ֣ǣҪȥֵټһûУôأ᰿յ˵
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ɣ󣬷۾һ˵ŷǧгһâа˼ͼֻεĺܺã᰸ûз
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һҶС˽ŷǧһ˿飬Ȼ󣬾һӴֵ˷ǰҲŷǧԱߣֻ֮ʮ׵ľ롣
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ôأӳô᲻ҶСǺһЦ˵ͬʱڷ᰿סŷǧַ֣Ĵϡ
ŷǧ΢΢һϷһĨߺ죬ɫ˲ͻָ˹ϻкΣȻ֪ҶС絨Ӵ󣬵û뵽ҶСĵӾȻֵزȻڷᰵǰֶţҲҿа칫ҪȻᱻ᰿
ûȥҶС磬ҲûȥҶСĴ֣±ᰲˣˣ᰻Ǿ쵽Ĳԣһ˫ĿһҶС磬һֿ


481 ŷҵ
Уſͣɫ滹һɫԴ䶳Сͳ˺˴϶һɲϢһƮƮɡȻظо
ֱ߽˹֣˼ͱһվڵľ쵲סˣӿڴóһ֤ǰ˻ΣȻ˽ȥվڵľ쿴߽ȥıӰһĽ֮ɫ
쵰ܲϵЩˣ᰿˿ˣȻĿͶҶСϡ
ղȻҶСŷǧϷһ˿ĲԾ֮ʲôϵһ㣬뷨иֳͱĨɱˣΪŷǧԸ᰺˽⣬ŷǧ侲һҶСʲôģֻǣԤϵģŷǧɽһУҶСĻѺŷǧϵܣŷǧҶСһ˿˿ĺøУǣһնһ˿ϵǣ
һʺѪı˰УǶιϵ֮ͨ˿ǧ˿ƣ֣նҲնҲնϣ˭ҲԤ벻ġ
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ǧʮûмˣֱƯˡߺҶСֽŷǧԼĻУ˫ָǲʵ
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ллһǴ绰ġ˵ϲϲŭûʲô顣
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󣬷һ㶣ЩֵĿ꣬ǣ
ŷǧø硣ͷ국һЦ˵
ԭǧļ˰¶Цݡ


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𣿡국һЦû˵ʲô֪ŷǧ֮ԲﲻΪͼìô򵥣Ϊļ岻˵Ҳ
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483 ֳͻ
ӽͷ֪꣬ҶС磬ҶСȫ֪ЩӼŷǧЩԱ¼Ͽġ
ŷһŷǧΪӣֻҪǺŷǧйӴˣǶԸݡڻѵĹϵȵȡ
ҶС磬֪ģڵʾҶСŷǧǾᰲʶģ˵Ľ˸ŷ᰼ûʲô쳣˵ǽİˣҶСļӳ̶ΪҲһ㼶⻹ΪʮǰŷǧȥһζԷĴһ飬ǲŰѶҶСļӳ̶ȵȼ
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ߣվŮ˱ʲôҿǧСܻ㼸ʱСŷԶݺݵҧ˵޲ýҶСж˿飬ʱŷǧ赲ˣֻܰ뷨
ߣһ㸶۵ģ˫ĿǺݶ֮ɫûб֮ǵһΡ
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ղŷĵһۣҶСе˼˼ǲҶСٿŷǧԸ
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ܸ㶨𣿡ҶСЦʵ
ģҶֵܣ̫뺷һˣҪҲעļҵСֵܣԺԸûˡ֣ǱĻľ⣬ȷʵᰵǾ仰סˡ
ҶСЦ֣Ǳһ󣬾͹˵绰


485 һħһ
峿ߵңйʻÿͽվڴкͶСڻרΪÿṩϣСգĴ۾Ⱥа˫ĿڱĿ
˲ԶĵطԱУ֣ǱҶѰһЩԱһŽɻÿǷЯΥƷΪ˼ÿǷЩӣѩ˪һʹ硢žƺɫ̫ںҶ¥һϣһеĿʱбֽһ߿¥ˡ
賿³Ƿһ£ΪԷ׼뿪Ļһӹʻȥʱ֣ǱԼʣ˵ԷѵͲ߱ĳĳȻɻ뿪
ʱֻ˵һ䣬ǿǿߵĽǼ˶˻׼ã¼ֵܵˣԸȥ̺Ųѩƴʱڱ̺ԭ̬Ȼɽׯÿ糿ϰߡ
磬ЩʲôʱŻС㿴ȺЩ΢΢ͷʵ
֪ӦÿˡŤͷĮ֮ɫ
ŶСܹɵĵ˵ͷֻ
˴Լжʮӵʱ󣬰˫ĿͻȻ˫ĿһĨâҫ̧ͷȥֻһŸԷΡͷϵźͷĺɫǰȥвɫĽĿͶ˰һ֣Ǳˣ·Ǿ쵽Ŀ⣬˶Ťͷ
ĬĬ˵˵ͷ˿ĿƳƳҵĿ˹ɫӷ˼Ĵʹϣ˹ҶѰһεļģļš
ԷһͨˣͿʲôϸ۲ĻͻֶᷢԷɢһɼѪζǹѪζΪɱ˺ģܶԷȫȻѪζɢѪζǱصѪζôˣǶԷڰݡȻĻд¹ƲܽǹѪζĥ
𾴵ûм𣿡˸оҶѰõʱЩʵһĺ
ԲҪһļ顣˸հѻ˵꣬ҶѰеļͻȻҶѰ˵鵭Įһ¹ӡ
ޣ̫ˣ鷳һ㡣һЩ΢΢ͷı顣
ҶѰ˵Ȼеļǽ֣ǱŶԷһ칫ȥԶĶпһкվŶСǼ칫ȥҶѰ򲻹ԷȻսĻɻҡ
߹ȥʱ򣬻ԱҲû赲Ϊǰͱ¶ݵԵʡ
𾴵ҵʱܱģ顣߽˵
ǸԵһᣬһþܵٽһμ⣬ͨĻͿ뿪ˡҶѰò˵ϡ
󣬺ֻҪͷһϣЩ΢΢ѵԼŵĶ˷ˣôأѪɷʯرܣͲܱ֣΢΢
ʱƿˣ˽С㲢ûиվ棬кһһս˺ԼþͲˡ
ӳȥһղżҶѰŶ˵
е˵ͷ˹
տʼʱЩԾҶѰԴе̬ȣ˵Ļз˲շģɫͱˣ䣬һվ˫ĿĶŶʵʲôˣ
տеĽŲǳĳȣÿһͺ˫ź͵涨һ𣬵̷ǳ̣ͲͨģжԶл
Ļ䣬е嶯ԭ϶еӰûʧ˵ͳһУдֻӶ˹ȥʱԭ϶еӰʧ
˴ʱپһëȻҪһʱˣΪûжеΪߣҶõĻ͵ϮֶΣȻԵֵȻ͵ϮΪ˲ӰֻôҪһƷˡ
䡣һĵſ˵ϣѪֱʧȥսû֣ͣ˫Ӷɫâָɳ뵽˵ڣס˵ж
һк󣬶˳ȥʣһоͽҶѰ
ڶн뷿ʱԶһͷİ˿һĻĿһڵλã¿Ѿ֣ȳ롣˵ȥֻûעõǶ¥ڿֽĺѩ˪ĿתĿ߳ȥ󣬺ѩ˪±ֽվҲȥ
߳Ǹ󣬶СԭλȥҪߵԭλõʱ̧ͷһѩ˪Ѿʧˣһʲô֣Ǳó룬֪ԷѾˣ϶·ߣٵȥûʲôˡ
һ̾Էܻûһ뿪һ˽Ȼ۲һжʱ򣬶ԷѾͨȥˣΣѾסԷͳȥˡ
һ֣ǱҶѰԭ·ҶѰһɫĴϴװǸˣһ˳ȥ
ԼڰСʱһĸߴһ䣬򰲼Ǳȥɢ˺ͬʡ
ߺһ߽˻˶һģ˭Ҳû뵽ǾȻû·Ǿ߻ߣνĵһߣħһɰɣ


486 ɱж˹
йʻ幫⣬һƬɢĳżӲݵĻĵأƬĵϣӿݣĿӣΧǶѶĺɫש飬׼޽¥Ǿ÷Ҳǳ
ʱĽҰ⣬ȴӰǣӻ߳ȥ˺׷˳ȥĺѩ˪
ʱѩ˪ңңĸ󣬿ǲú󣬾ͱԷˣѩ˪òΪˣ¶Ĺâѩ˪Ʒ֣Ϊʵڴϣ˽ֵĻ»˼ܶ޹֮ˣǣѩ˪ȥһս
ΪԷӦϾֵⷱĶУ֣Էȴ޼ɵĳ֣ôǶԶԷģȻ־Ȼ˼û˼ʹӦ
ʵ˲ӽˮˣҲԲˣΪղŵʱӶеϸо˼ΪΣյϢͲ֮Կﶯ֣УŻӦ
С㣬ж˹һģܷɰأŶ˪ĺѩ˪ж˹ð˷ܵĹâ촽˵·ʱԵĲǵ˶һ׼׷Ůӡ
⻰ѩ˪ӱˣһɺɢƲһӣʹĻųȵĹâǣƬе¶ȴǼ½Ƶ˺£䣬䵽˵ĹͷһͨվƬСУһӾͱ˵ܡ
ʱԺѩ˪ΪķԲ֮ڵ¶Ȼ½ߵĵһӲҲ˱걾ѩ˪ʮж˹ǻɫķ˿·Ҳһ
˼С㣬ԸϲϲŰˡж˹еĹâӳˣ˫ĿȼһƬ棬ϵıڣȫһ㱡Ǳڵԭ
Ĺ䣿һ˾ȻҲѧǻĵĹ䣿оԷתѩ˪΢΢ȣ˲ϾǲмȻˣﻹͦӶԷģоԷΪȻȻѾﵽ죬һ۷塣
С㣬ҽ֪֮ж˹İǶôӢľ񡣡ж˹ϴ˷ܵЦ˵ƺѩ˪֮һ㡣
ȫɫĹâȻ̤أƹһѩ˪ϵıڻŽӡ
ѩ˪һ˫ĿУΪĹâɢһһεıоͳУоӨ͸ɢĹâһͻ˶ɱɫĹâڱת̺Ϊֲ
²ӺӯƱѩеľ飬ʱж˹һĳһȼգǻɫȻɫ¶ȸߵˣͨˣ˭һɫĻմϣ˲ͻᱻȼɻҽ
ѩ˪һֻӶһɫɢŴ̹ǺĹֵϣͬʱӶеαУһ⡣
ȡ𣬻ɫĻǻ澹Ȼ漣ĴǣˮӦûϨ߻Ƽ٣ǣʱһĻȴΥȻеԭ
ڻ¶̫ˣߵףˮһӷֽΪȼȼлƲʢĵ
ԼĹĻȻȼѩ˪ɫ΢΢һ䣬һɸΪĹâӿֹ˻Ƶӣ뺮Ļֲ£ʱ򣬺ѩ˪±лĻѾ嵽ж˹ǰж˹һȭͷգһȭȵĻӿ
źϢĻ˲飬ȭͷϵĻҲʧ˵嶼˺˿һνƾС
ѩ˪תһ˫ںڵӶʱ˱ɫɫĳ裬˫ֻһɫâзж˹ͬʱΧռе¶ȸǽ˺ܶ࣬ƾƮĽѩ
ǰ̤ΧռеѩظУ˫ֻӶ䣬ѩҲ֮Ƴѩһ֡
ѩ˪һѩƬƬıж˹ȥͬʱеıһӣԼٶȳ˹ȥ˫ֻӶɫâзж˹ȥ
Ǻһ㱼αУж˹˫ĿһϽһͷһƻɫͷ£ͷϷ亹ղҪȻʹ٣»ᱻ˲üġ
ʱѩѾǰж˹ȫȼ˻棬ֻҪѩϮ˲ͻᱻڻͶ첻ɰв
ʱѩ˪ɫĳж˹һ˿мһȭһȭ̺ϵ
䡣ѩ˪ͱ˳ȥֱڵϣҺڿŤһ壬סƽᣬȴһѪ
ж˹ȫе˷֮ɫˣС㣬ڿɷˣ
ܹѹѩ˪ֳɾ͸УͻȻһ˿ԾǵģǲԾǰŮӾȻ¶˳֮ɫôһ£
û׵ʱԺһɺϮٶʵ̫ˣҪѾˡ
һεıдԺ̴һؼıдü¶˳
㡭㣬㻹츳ߡ˵仰ж˹͵˵ϡ
Ҳû뵽ѩ˪츳ߣղźѩ˪ǹ˵ģķ֮ģȻ󣬿ƸղǱ˳ȥıд


487 һ
߳⳵ԭ̬Ȼɽׯʻȥһ˻صɽׯʱŲѩľľϰνٶȼͺǻһ㣬ظһ֪ƣ룬ѾʮˣûģҲûżҵĽġ
е˻ˣֹͣż˹ȥ
ѩ˾ͽˣʳʣ˲ʲôط֣Ǳеĺɫ˹ȥ˵³֣ǱźɫĴӣһֱ߽ɽׯ
˹ĴӣŲѩûȥӣǸ£˿µĴӣֻ˵һ֣á
ϣһסɫĴӣɽׯľĵطȥ
ٺ٣ңǲǸ𣿡Ųѩߺ֣Ǳ򿴵ЩֵĿЦЦ˵
󣬼˵˵ͷ֣ǱջصԼľڣҶСĵ绰ȹҵ绰ʱԼСֵ쬵ģֱ̾ҶСλ̫뺷ˡ
Լʮӵʱ󣬸оŲѩϢ˳ȥֻǼĿͶĿһҪɱ˵ĳ嶯һɻ󣬲ɵʵôң
ѩղ㲻ȥǸһôôˣҵר֣ǱĿתŲѩ̾һ˵
ѾˡŲѩޱ˵
ˣ˾ˣȻʳ˶ʲôѵҪǸܷɣ֣Ǳһν˵
ݸŲѩʱѾˣʱ䲻廹¶ȡҶѰ˵ĿĿ֣Ǳ
ʱ䲻֣Ǳɫһ漴Щ˼ЦЦҲǹģ˭֪ôʵ
˳⳵֣ǱźɫĴһɽׯߣһ߰ѺɫϴеǸ˵ߣʱҶѰѹҪŪˣʱ˵ˣʵأˡ
´ע㡣ƽĿһۣ˵
߶ĲӡŲѩ˵һ䡣
֣ǱһƤ˵һΪ˾ȷŪ˰߶Ĳӣơ
֣Ǳ伫ΪĻ˶ܲˣ׼Ťͷ뿪ʱ֣ǱϽ˵ȱߣһҶֵܾˡ
⻰ǶСתĴ۾һ˿ϲСϾȸԾЦݣ֣ǱʵôҪ
һƭ㲻ɣƭʲôǰ;˵ǵ㲻ˣôһ־˷ܣһһһҾͲһɫ֣Ǳʵ
ΪǴˣåõˡСգ峺Ĵ۾˵
ǺˣУǲ֪ߵŮж٣ǴåĻåţҲĻˡ
ΪǺˣå߲ŻôŮӣΪ̫ˣûһŮԸ㡣
С仰֣ǱһȻ¼ŮӶ˻ǺˣûŮӵǳ˻ˣЦ⣬谮СԴ
̫Сˣ˽İӵĶΪǺ˵Ļˣ㻹ҪΪǮأ֣Ǳ̾˵
С׼˵ʲôʱͻȻŤͷе˶Ťͷֻһɫȹĺѩ˪˹һ˪ӡ
նɱж˹󣬺ѩ˪ͽʬ崦ˣȻһ·ɱ˻û
˪㡣ѩ˪С㱼˹ȥ¶ЦݣһǵӣҲֻŮӡ
׽סǸˣͶС˵һỰ󣬺ѩ˪һǼʵ
ǶĿ⿴֣Ǳ֣ǱֻӲͷƤش𣺡׽סǸˣڽɽׯʱʵһţСĽˡ
˵󣬻͵͵ؿ˺ѩ˪һۣûʲôʾһںѩ˪Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһ־µͺһ㡣
Ϊ֣Ǳ⣬˶̸ûһʱ䣬͸ԷԼķˣֻʣ˺ѩ˪ͶСˡ
Լ˰Сʱʱ䣬СľǰһͤĶСͺѩ˪ĿͶһʯ·ϣֻҶСòŮ˹СƺЩ̫һС죬ѩ˪зһ˿ɫ
ʱӰǶǣǸоˣųľƵķݡ


488 ɡ
Ҷֵܣûмʵ̫ˣӵһ¡ҶС绹û߹ʱ֣Ǳſ˫ҶСȥһرӣͺʮûмѣʱȫ˸ղŲûҶСһ١
һС͵ЦŷǧϷһ˿Ц⣬˫Ŀɱ𣬺ˣ֣ǱǺͨʱǸϷ
ҶûȤûе֣Ǳ򿿽ҶС̧һװ֣ǱһȻ˿
ҶֵܣҵżǰĲвеģÿμ㣬߶ỻŮӣ˲𡣡֣Ǳ򳤳̾һ˵
벻ף㳤üû˧ûҵ˼Ʒ¸УôͻôŮأѵͷл˵Ϊһԣ˲Ů˲֣Ǳ˵Ŷ˶٣ͦأӽҪһ˼°ܻˣһͼȤζˣһ彨кˡ
仰˵ǻԲһʮгɾ͸еӣǸ˺޲ýµĳЬ۵ϡ
Ǹ󻵵ߡС֣Ǳ˵
֣ǱĿԹĿһȦˣص̾һ˵ҵ˲ԣҲԣҵʲô
ȥ޵ˡʱһŮӵƬСУ˵⻰Ƿᰣ⻰һе˶ĿͶ˾ȵĿŷᰡ
ŮûмǴĻǵһμ棬ô˵ңǲ֮ʲô᣿֣ǱĿͶ˷ᰣ˿֮ɫһ̾ðײˡ
󣬲ۼƳҶСһۣҶСһЦӣкƣΪʲô˺˵Ĳôᣡ
ʱҲĿͶ˷ᰣмֲ⣬֪֣ǱʲôʱĻ𱬵ŮӣһȻˣ϶֣Ǳʲô֮£Ͼ˼ŮӵĲˣŤͷһӵĿ֣Ǳ
ûм٣ҲˡɱڵĶ֣Ǳ˵
⻰Χ˵еı֮ɫŨˣŪ˰컹ǳ˼Ҳעռ˼ҵıˣǣ֣ҵ
һ˵ֵʱ֣ǱȻ򣬡֪ˣǸ졣
ң㲻ȥǼǸˡɫһ䣬дЦ˵
ˣ֪䲻㣬οޣɶᣬҺСǺֵܣôóԲѵأҶֵܣ˵԰ɣ֣ǱһִҶСļһϵܺõ˵
ģͷŮôô뺷֣Ǳµ
˫Ŀк¶֣Ǳһۣû˵ʲôȻƿĿ⣬żˣĿͶѩ˪ʱ΢΢һȻ˵ͷǴк
ʱҶС翪ΪԷ໥ܣҶСܵŷǧʱ֣Ǳǲ࿴һŷǧΪľΪŷ֡
󣬼һŴĴ֣ǱΪҶС˵˽賿飬ҲΪʾã÷ᰶǳ
֣Ǳһֲ©˵һ飬ɫСγҲ˵˳ȥ󻹸߷ᰣ³Ǳ߷һѺɫɡǰɡԶһ˵ʬ壬Ǹŷҵˡ
˵Щʱ֣Ǳ򰵰۲ŷǧɫҲ۲ŷǧɫ뿴ǲŷҵˣŷǧɫƽͿʲô
Ȼ֣Ǳ򻹸Ϸ飬ҲǱ飬ѰЩˡ
֣꣬ǱĻ󣬷üͷ˼ĵЩ˵ĻҲ˵Էסڱ̺ҶԷܿѾ뿪УôҪѲһ
¶ܲܰǱɡǾ᰿ڶԶ˵
¶е˵ͷȻöСȥȡǱɫɡʱ᰺ǼһԺ飬޷ǾǾʲô󣬺ǣǲҲҪ߾
һ󣬶Сźɫɡ˽
᰽㣬㡣СͺĽһȻ󽫺ɫɡ˷ᰡ
ллСԡЦŽӹɡ佱˶Сһ䣬Ȼɡ˿ʲôãȻ󽻸ŷǧŷǧֻǽӹɡ͸˵ɡ
ɡһ򲻵ģʹǮˣҪȫҲֻɡѣһⶼرУɡǲ²ʯеϡнںƳ˿ߣȻôֹ֯ɵģɲǱô򵥣ܹܹ꣬ӵʹըҩըɡҲԱ֤ܵϴ˺
⻰˶һĬ
ɡɫʹõһλŮӣжϲĶˡ
һᣬŲѩ˵УΪҪǾʬ壬ܴܲʬϷʲô԰õĶ


489 ԩҲͷ
ᰡŷǧ˵СпǺƶһĺʱ𾪲ѣ嶼صһĹͷȫһ㣬ѾûϢ˿еĿⶼЩͬ
֣ǱĿе֪˶ǱһĵʧȥսȻ֣ǱҲǴҶѰ֪ģϾʱҲֻҶѰ
ᰡŷǧ˲ͬǣ˶кܸߵΪǵĿҪϬĶ࣬ǴӺ˵ϿڵĹͷȫ˴С״ȫһ΢ЩǸʱ򣬺˻ţҪƿشﵽ˳ˮ׼ܰ쵽¡
͸˵ǿԼΪĲ࣬еԺҪŬ˼ǿ
᰽˵ʬװںɫϴʱҪ뿪ϾʱǹΪæµʱ
ǧǸһȥ׼ҶСȥ䣿ʵҲǽ˻뿴ҶСŷǧ֮ǲʲô¡
ŷǧۼĿһҶС磬뿴ҶСע⣬ҶСǲᣬ˼֣˾һǹһʱ㣬ڱ̺һңûʲô֡
Ȼ֮ȷʵʲô£ЩɬЩ⣬ϣﻹǶҶСиоģֻǣΪĳЩϵұ¶ҲϰˣʱƲ⵽ԼĺѺҶС֮䷢ʲô£һܡ
ҲãڻдһЩ˿ƶϳʲôõĶǧҾˡ˵һ䣬ȻǸɫĴӾɽׯȥ˼ͻعͷǻĿҶС˵쵰۸ǧҪ֪ˣǰƤɡ
˵꣬ᰵҶСһۣŤͷߣǣûһ˿˼
Ůӣ˭ȢҶֵܣԺҪСһ㣬һҪǿ㲻˳ۣǸüˡŷȥıӰ֣Ǳ˵ϻЩֻ
󻵵ڱ˵˻ǼΪò飬СҸ߱᰽㡣¶СĴ۾¶һĨ֮ɫ
֣Ǳǳ˳飬ŶС㲻Ҫ˵ȥһ䣬һ˵ŷǧҶССϱƽվҶСߣʱʱһۣ࣬ŷŨҵİ𻨡
˵ӿһԹ۲˵ĺѩ˪УĿһ˿Ľ
֣ǱͶС˵˼󣬾ͱ¶Сˣͷģù¶С㽫ղ˵Ļ˵ȥ󣬶Сһ䣬Ҫˣ֣ǱЩ
Сдһ󣬾߳ɽׯй˵й䣬ʵҲȻǵҪĿľǿܷܲʲôǿܲˡ
ΪһԵʣյǺȣֵԵ̻ľԴޱȣʺҶƬޱȣб̹תĿƯĳȫϴޱȣûɵĸо˷գǳԶ˶ԶѪȡ
ǰɣ·ʱ䶼ŹǵⰡҶСŷǧһһ˵Żʱ֣Ǳ˹
֣Ǳ˶ѲͶˣûͣþ뿪ˣŷǧϷһ˿΢졣
㲻˵˻㵱ưǷᡣҶСŤͷĿбųⶢ֣Ǳ˵ŷǧ˵˵ĺúõģ֣ǱȴͻȻһ䣬ûɫ
Ҷֵܰô̵Ļɲ˵ڵİģ̫ˣţֵܣ֣Ǳװһĵ˵
ѾϰΪˣûʲôоˣҲ˵û֣ǱĻһȺ֮ջ֪жţΪ֣ǱĻԾʾһ˿
ѰǺǷ𣿡û֣ǱߵҶѰǰʵ
ǺǷᣬǷǳǷᡣҶѰ˵
㳤һǷʱһ·û˵Ķƽ˵ûκεĸ鲨⻰СЦ
ĳһǷ𣿡֣ǱǣΪҳ̫˧ˣǼҡ
֣Ǳ仰е˶ݺݸƣѣȻ󣬿Ƥж
ǰߵʱǰһʷǷһ˹װɫ̫ϻλεֱҪɧжɧ
УһǱ˰˵С֣ǱЩˬƺǼԼ˧Էڸˡ
ҶСŷǧҲ꣬ͬʱ㶣ʶģڷᰰ칫ҵʱ򣬲ҶСŷԶ
ʱŷԶвˬǳĲˬΪΪһ˿ˣˣģһҪõطÿ
ǰߵʱͻȻƳһȺŮһȺŮЩʣûж룬ΪһЩǮ˼ҵĹС㡣
û׼ģΪһ֣ǺģʱзŭˣҶСѹĵ׵ŭ
ѰȥȴǵȺŮдġ
Ŀɱһȥһ߿Ҫ⼸ҳǸ˵ˣҶСʱһ㶣Ųһ٣˲ͻָ˹ϹЦ


490 ŷԶ1
еŭûʱǡþҶС磬ò˵һ飬ΪҪúýѵһҶС磬Աڷᰰ칫нµĳԹ˳е
ĿһƣҶСߵŷǧʱŲһ٣ɫЩ΢΢仯˲ɫͻָ˹ĿŷǧͣһȻֿҶС磬ƺʲôһ˿˷ܣĵҶСȻҺǧСһǲ֪նɱ㣬żʹǧС赲Ҳɣߡ
ţ˫ĿбųһŨҵɱ⣬ȻЩ˷ܡ
ԶǧС㡣ŷԶ˹ϴŹ֮ɫ˵Ȼй֮ɫȴް֣ŷǧ峤ŮѪȱȽϸߣ˭
˵ŷԶĿͶҶС磬¶ɭЦݣҶС磬ּˡ˵ţҶСǰȥ
ŷԶҪʲôŷԶҶСȥŷǧ¶һŭɫܾöûжŭˣһζŭ
Ȼ֪ŷԶʵҶСĶ֣ǣҪ赲뿴ҶСŷԶ֣˳ͻҶСŷԶ¼лΪŷԶͷġ
ҪʲôҪɱǧС㣬뿪ʱŷΪ㶨µĹأû˰ɣǾǲܺԵ̫ˣһŷ˷֣ÿ˶о棬ȻɱŷԶϹЦ˵Ͳŷǧݡ
ŷԶҪǸһһص˼壬֪ġŷǧ˵
ŷԶͣ˽Ųϸһ룬ּҶСȥŷС㣬ǰռذµģԺ˭˵أص˼˵
ŷԶͲںŷǧвҪնɱҶС磬ҶСĿǺݶ֮ɫ˵ҶС磬Ҫˣϵûܾȵ㡣
ʱСѩ˪Ѿ֪ŷǧݣǿҶСĿЩͬˣû뵽ҶС羹ȻṴŷҵŮӣһҸ£ͬʱҲһˣŷҵѪǲġ
ҶС磬ղڹֲǺҿ˭ܾȵ㡣ŷԶ˵ʱҶСԶˡ
ƾҲ䣿ʱ֣ǱǰһߵҶСǰһԾԾԵӣղžͿŷԶһɧӺܲˬڿȻҪҶС鷳иˬˣ֣ǱһݺݵĽѵһŷԶһҶСͷҶСŷìܣϾҶС磬֪ҶСҶСܻиˣǶԸҶС磬ȴԸҶСѣǳԭ֡
㣬ղųҵģ֣ǱŷԶĿͶ֣ǱȫɱȻĿк¶ҲãȻ㼱Ǿȴ㿪ʼɣ
˵꣬һһ֣Ǳȥÿһ̤˴صĶϣŲʹط˹񣬵涶˻δˣѹˣ뿴ĽŲǱĳ档
ˣɣеʱоԼƲٿ죬Ƹ߸ϣޱȵֻǣҲ̫װˣװƶҪԼмＸû׼Լ
󻵵ݺݵĽѵʱСһӴŷԶŲĽࡣ
ãһúýѵġ֣ǱһЦɧ˦һ²Ǻܳĺڷ
úýѵҾͲ󻵵ˡСգĴ۾˵
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С˽࣬ŷԶĶҪ³ѪղӪֳܱϵƾôһ£ɢˡ
ҰѾͷұ죬Ҫ˵һ仰С˺졣ŷԶĿɱĶŹ¶С˵
󣬶СЩµĶ˶Ȼ˻СȭԱԼеĲ
ղ˵˺˭죿ŷԶ׼֣Ǳǰʱе˵ĿɱⲻΡ
еĿ⣬ŷԶЩʲôµһ㣬˲ͻָ˹ĵô£ղôµĸоֻһͨˣܶҲʲô˺
ͨ㣬ŷԶһӸµӿŶУһҲˣɫ䣬ֻ߱л˰ԴǸҪ໬ж໬


491 ŷԶ2
Ҿ˵Ҫ˺ҰѾͷ죬ôˣŷԶָֺŶС㣬мĿŶ˵˵󣬻ƳƳ죬һεӡ
ŷԶ仰˶ЩĿŷԶ֣ǱҲͷǣ˶У¶з˺졣
֣Ǳֻӣ˫ֻǰһϷӣŷǧŷԶޱȣȻȥѣղźҶСݵĽѾ֪˶е˵ĻʱŷԶȻС㣬Ǽֱ
ʲôһֵˡ֣ǱϴЦĿŷԶŤͷ˵һ֮ɢ˳ƣ˵꣬ƵĿһ۶УƺѶз
ޣڻûԼǴɼе˵жĬĬе֮ɫˡ
ܺáеͷСԴǳ谮֮ɫİοһ¶С㣬Ȼ󣬻̧ͷ˫Ŀէ𣬾ͺĳֱĴ񾭡
ŷԶһȻ岻סķûзӦʱ򣬶о˲ǰͬһʱ䣬һӰڱա
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һΪĶŷԶ˳ȥһѪżűѪȾ΢˳ֱڵϵʱлЩ΢΢ãƲ֪ôˣʲô¡
ʱΧѾΧһȺڣǶŷԶָָ㣬ȻЩηĿŶУղŶи̵ӡ
ɢɢЩìʲôÿġʱ֣ǱתЩΧ۵Ⱥ˵Щ˶뿪ԭλãǶվԶеĺóֻ110
㣬һߣһȷ˳ȥŷԶӵһ𾪵ָŶʵ
Ǹ˵ôķϻΪͨˣǻã֣Ǳ
ҶСûĻŷԶϸĹ۲һ¼ˣͲĸ̬ˣҲͲˣǣΪĹΪҶСһͨһһͨˣϾ߶ԼĽûһΪ߻ŵ̬ͨ˵˵ЦЦֵܣȻЩģǱϾ١
㲻֪ߣֵ˶оˣŪ˰ԭֻǽǶͨˣԽԽǲˡΪһֻ۸СĻôͷֱˣһʵʵڵǿʳ硣
㵽ʲôˣŷԶŶʵǿ־壬ղŶԷһƵʱӦʱ䶼ûУ˵ԷΪıҪߣʱ֪־ˣ֪Լ˲ǵˣкܺڣڸղûӴжơ
ʱ˫ĿзһɫâһץһƾսŷԶץ˹һסŷԶĲӣָ֣һƣƴúܽʵ˲䱻ˣ϶Ѫ͵ϸϸߡ
ŷķϣξ㣬Ҫ´ΣͰɣжŷԶ˵һӣһ¾Ͱ˴ϡ
Ťͷȥ˼·뵽ʲôһ㣬˵ǶУ뱨Ļҡ˵꣬ȥ
ȿȣС仰ŷԶȳѪظһ䣬иǾ֣ΪŷһˣеĴȻ˵ԷʵĿֲ֪ģʱ֪Լ˲õˡ
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ǸҶС磬ԼôôǱԼôûϳԷһЦԷʹˣеĺݶ֮ɫŨˣ׵ĺҶС磬һҲ㵽ҶСͷϡ
ҶС磬ҾͲܶ㵽ʱƺУÿҽܵʹ࣬ʮŷԶ
ӵվ·ڵų⳵ò׵ȵһöԷͣԷտҪʱһŷԶ֣Ǵ˹һ㣬һӸϽˣֻʣƿڴŷԶ
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Ҷֵܣţû뵽ŷŮӶˣ򵥣ǲ򵥣ֱұĿģŷԶԶȥ֣ǱһҶСļһĽӳݵ˵
˵ŷѪҪע㣬ǿܻ鷳һԵҶѰ˵ҲڹҶС磬ҶСԺСһ㡣
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Ҷֵܣ㻹עһıȽϺãʲôҪľ˵ҵΧ㣬һġ˵꣬̾һɫЩӣЩ̫ҶСŷǧ


492 ŷǧȥ
У̺һɽׯڣһذ׳ȹĴһͤڵʯϣһ龲Ŀţ˵ĳ࣬˵ķδ磬һζͺһ浻۴ӱĲŮӣ˭ὫҹǸɱ˲գ۵Ůһ
ҡҷһ𷢵Ů˹Щ΢΢ϧ
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þãŻ˵ֻҪܽѪɷʯͻȥУ⡣
ĻȻƽȴ˸ܵ˿˿⣬ݽ棬ûжľηҪһˣ˸еǳ¡
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ŷԶһ·ƽĺܶ࣬ûʲô鷳һŽֵûĿţŷǧĿǵ֮ɫ֪ŷԶΪ˵֪ŷԶǲŹҶСģǾ˸ղŵǼ£ŷԶǶôȴҶС磬ϾҶСûʲôֻǸͨˡ
ܵŷǧҶСһĵʾҪģԼûµġ
Ͷһڽֵ˺ܳʱ󣬸ûзʲôʱʱҲˣһ˸ҶСŷǧһ
ŷҲ壬Ҳ֪ҶֵܴܲŷҵĹءŷǧҶСȥıӰ֣Ǳ΢΢̾һ˵
ҶѰ˵ĸ֣ǿҵġ
ⲻŲŵ⣬ؼȷʵЩѰ죬һΪŷѪ⣬ΪѾŮˣΪŷ˾ǼŮӸ˵ˡ֣ǱЩ֮ɫ˵
ҶѰĬ֪֣Ǳ˵飬ŷˣ˴һģǶԼĽԼļеŮӸ˵ˡ
ʵǿԸıʱ򣬾Ϳԡþû˵ġŲѩ˵˵Ĭֳһ񡯡
ʵǿĸıǶôңԶ鰡ҶСʱҲǸ죬쵽ʥ֪Ҫٸ²˵֮;һǵ۷ʥȻֻһ֮ңǲ֪жﶼ赲ڴˣ̤
Ǹ׶νľһ֣һһɳ죬һҲ򣬶ҶСߵʲôز˭Ҳ˵
ҶС磬Ժĵ㣬ŷԶһرˣһŹġ˺ԶŷǧĵĿҶС˵
񣬳ǻ۵㰡ҶСЦЦ˵
ı䣬ġŷǧ˵Ϊˮࡣ
ģҲµģֻҪһ֣һУȻҿܴ򲻹ǣܻûġ˵ţҶСŷǧ֡
һǼҵ˿ˣ鷳ġŷǧϽ˵ҶСεץס֣ôأ
ҲѵͲ鷳ˣҶСЦЦ˵ѾŷԶЩìܣһǼͼӴ׵˵ƾˡ
ɵϣģ⸽ûǼˣܸܵĵŷǧĵӣҶС͵ſġ
Ҫȥһ·ŷǧʵ
ˣ֣Ǳҩˮҩˮܴ壬ųڵʣãȸı˵󣬾ͿˡҶСͻȻҩˮǼ飬ȻҲ֮ⲻھơ
ŷǧ۾һڴСʱʹù̼ܶѪҩҺûʲôЧ²ʹʲôҩҺҲֻܸıʣܼѪˣô˵ϣгһܼѪҺеϾŷһѪС
Ҫʲôط㷿𣿡ŷǧҶСʵ
ҶСɫЩΣǸ˵úѩ
Ҳˡŷǧзһ˿⡣
ҶС˵ͷ
ȥǼ촺ƵôҶСָ·бһҴƵ˵¥ĸ߶ȺװһǼľƵꡣ
Ҫȥŷǧ촺ƵһۣŤͷҶС磬Ц⣬ҶСĿȻ
ͲίһˣȥϢһ£˳ΪһѡҶСһܺĵӡ
ŷǧ˵ͷҶСŷǧСִ·ǼҾƵꡣ
ҶС˵Ҫһ߼׷ʱƯŮԱ۾ЩɫǴ׷ȥΪǵһŷǧЩţץҶС֣ϷźΡ
ȻҶСҲǵһһ㶼ţһȻӣͺǾܶΣǸһ㡣


493 Ѫ
߼׷ΪһһʩƣƼϾˮ㣬ʵˮоڼһ㣬׷ĵžƺɫĵ̺ĸԷɫΪһܰĸо
һ͵Ĵ󴲣һͼë̺ڴϣǷʩĲ֣װ޵ĳ̶ȶǼѡ
ŮԱ˳ȥţҶС缱͵ĽŷǧУĽۺ촽˫ֲʵʼʹһŷǧüתϲ˺Σͬһ꣬ˡ
ŷǧûһʱ䣬˾ͽϵȫ·ԣѾŷǧ壬ʱҶС绹鲻ԽһϸļѩϸСȻûзᰡ𱬣Ҳ൱ˣСӯӯһգУһ˫ϸ˸档
ҶСһҺŷǧ塣һһŮ֮Ļ֮
ҵķ󣬱ƽŷǧҶС绳йɵľһֻè䣬ϲ˻֮ĳ졣
ƽһҶС˵£ҲҩҺ飬׼ŷǧ壬ŷǧ˵һᣬΪҶС´һ
ҶСӵŷǧһذ˻Уһ˵Գһ߸οŶԷԼ˰Сʱʱ䣬ҶСߵԡڡ
ԡҺܴԡгԡԡشӱϿƽ߶Ҳֻвף˿¶һԴ
ԡзˮں¶ȣνȥҩҺˮͱ˱ɫҶС߽ңŷǧԡУ棬ҶСᳵ·Ϊŷǧ壬˵һ׶Σɵڶ׶ʱҶСоڵȫΪ֮֮Ϊŷǧ̼ëʱоŷǧѪҺٶȼӿ˼֣Щ䣬е֡
ѵҩҺҵ֮ǧѪеɣҶСЩֵǲǵԹԺ֪ˡ
Ϊ뷨ҶСתڵ֮֮˿֮ҶСĴ֣̼ŷǧÿһƬ
ŷǧڵѪҺǷƲĴ󺣣ӿȵŭѪҺеÿһϸ˿ϸ̺ȵ
ʱҶС˫ƶٶȸˣŷǧڵѪҺǹˣٶȼ죬ͷһɾ޴ųڵŷǧͻᱻǹɾ޴塣
ʱŷǧѩ׵ļһۺ죬˫룬·Ĩ˵ĺΣعҶСĲӣȥ
оŷǧڵҶСɫ˱䣬֪ôźãͣеĶϣǹʧ룬ȻΪ̼֮ģôһֹͣ˴ֻ̼ʧǹҶСеǰʧŷǧѪҺУѪҺζһֽҪߵĸо
ô죬ô죬ҶС缱ͷ󺹣û˼ǣռ˵ŷǧ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶСзһ˿⣬ŷǧʱľٶЩǷҩûзãôֻһˣڵ˳嶯
Ȼˣǲǿͨųǹأ뵽ҶСԡڣŷǧһ𣬴ʱپһŷǧڣŷǧʣ췴ˣǺֱҪƻŷǧڵѪܱڡ
ҶСϽŷǧĺ촽һ֮ӿжɹŷǧڣΪѪҺڵǹ
ʺѪҺһ˿ıɫҩҺľҶС֮ҩҺѪҺʱǹɴ˲˳˺ܶ࣬ȴƺЩ˷ܵĸоѪҺٶȼ죬Ѿķ롣
ӻҶСڣͬʱҶСָŷǧ֮һܣȻĿİô˵ⶼһѭ
ҶС֮룬ѪҺٶȿ쵽˼㣬ֻҪŷǧĸ첲һѪۣŷǧڵѪҺ˲ɡ
¡ŷǧѪڷ˱ըĳֶˣһ˲һƥŷǧ뵽ҶСڣȻתŷǧϣ֮γһѭǸѭһ˵һ㣬ܺг
˴ԼʮӵʱѭˣһҶСУҶСֻҪˣΪһͻͽȻܲͻƵĲ㣬ҲԶ
ȻŷǧڵҲܶ࣬ѪҺڡ
ʱŷǧ׵˹ܵڵ״֣û뵽ʮˣڵѪڱˣ׵ľˣŷһжصĹѪҺڵطߡ
ŷǧһкԡˮѾɫҩҺȫˡ
С磬лл㣬Ҫ㣬ڵѪԶѡһ侲ȵŷǧһ̼䣬з˼Ứ֪ʱжôĸˣôļ


494 ת˺ܶĽѩ
֮仹˵лл𣿡ҶС˵
ŷǧǸһЦоǸмΪŷһĵϵڵѪȴûоѣʱôķ̣ʮʱ򣬾ۡ峤İ̾еζ֪߳ŷ壬ԼϲĹһУǣЩôܹأ
ʱȻҶСİ£Ѫ̺ôܲˣôܲʮԸڴ˿ʵˡ
ǧʵҲ֪ڵǸѪôѵģҲòŸмңοǵĹϵҪ𣿡ҶСӵסŷǧ˵
ϴɽǱߵĻȪ·ʱΪ˰Ĵ̼Ĵ̼Ҿ͸оڵѪҺЩ仯ĸʱһСˣ˿ھͻڼ̵ʱȬǸʱҵѪѾˣİ³׾ˡ˵ǰ仰ʱŷǧϷĨΣ漴ĿһҶС硣
ʵﵽ쾳ˣҸղŸоڻӴҶСʵ
ôףЩֻѪʱĿǰһƲˣҽȫת󣬹Ʋ쾳ʵŷǧĵĽ͵
Щϵļ񣬼ôŬʵͻкܴҶСЩĽ˵
ҲĽˣܸоǲǲǸյߵȼĹ֪ҪǿٱŷǧҶСһ˵
ҶСֻЦЦ嶯˶ŷǧһֳָ˺Σ˫Щ룬΢΢Ϣ˵С磬ܲܰǸȡ
ŷǧĻҶСͷһŷ˴ʱں׶ΣٺһЦŷǧһƣһ䣬һ󻶰
ʱһڣһзʷǷŷںɳϣ֮ɫд͵ŷԶͿѾ˺ܶ࣬ʲôҩҺʱһվŷǰһ˫бʱʱźݶĹâ
˵нѵ㣬ҶСͷˣŷĻʵ
ǣүҿҶСǧСһ̬ǣ׼ǰѵֱնɱû뵽һ赲ȻǶг֣үΪָŷԶܹ˵һ֮ĿкȻ
֪Լ𣿡ŷ˵ȴһֵϡ
Զ֪ˣҲûŪ֮ǰͶҶС綯֡ŷԶĳԼĴ
ãܺãܿԼĴ˵㻹ֵõߵһĶһѵģڣʱ򡣡ŷ˵ðȵĹâɢŨҵս⣬ǰʱ򣬺ͶбһΣʤˣ⼸Ϊľǽвڽŵ¡
ŷ˵Լֵõߵһʱзŭޱȣÿ˶ԼϣǣŷĸͲ˿еȻŭˣģŷģһԼǰݺݵ
ȥɣȰȫκáŷĴ˵
ǣүŷԶ˵һ䣬Ȼ뿪ˡ
ԭԽ˼ˣûв´ĻߵǼҲǰ˴ˣû뵽ǾȻһͨ˽һԽԽгϢˡŷԶ뿪ŷзĹâ
С磬ȥұˣȻȥɣŮڼأ³Ͷ֮һֵ·ڣŷǧһ˿֮ɫ˵
ŷǧڴƵڷƸ˺ܾãǾϺ϶õ㣬´˲ú˾뿪˴Ƶ꣬ЯŽֵй䣬֪·ڡ
ҶС˵ͷߵĴæĽѩڼﶼȵúܽ
ʲô飬͸Ҵ绰ҶС˵Ȼŷǧĺ촽һ¡
߰ɣ뿴ıӰŷǧо˵
׼ŷǧһ·ǣ⻰ٿеҶС˵ͷȻתȥǰ˼ŤͷŷǧһۣȻȥ
ҶСıӰŷǧһ˿ã˲ǼᶨҶСӰȥ
ˣûУҶСջص䣬ںֿɶС鷳Ľѩܹĵ˵
ˡҶС˵ͷ
ţȥʢȥķģ㿴óԲĽѩΪ˵ȻʱͻݣͬһСϱ
ҶС΢΢̾һʶĽѩı˺ܶ࣬ΪıģǰĽѩԸܲһίڱǰϰٱ
ɶҲˡҶСߵֿɶЦЦ˵
ֿɶͷһСŮ̬ҶС顣
ɶ㣬㺦ˡʱС鷳һЦ˵
С鷳⻰ֿɶСˡ
ʱĽѩһ׷˴ӳ˳˶ðҶСһжΡ
ܲǣҶС绹ǽĽѩķȫˣȻζôǣҶСԵĻͦģԵĲǷζǷ̺顣
Ľѩ˫ֳ°ͣĿҶС磬ЩӣЩ΢΢Թ


495 ѧ
һգһи꼶ѧӣתۼʮʱ͹ȥˣûиоʲôһЩѧԹʱ̫ˣûʹˣͿѧˡ
ڿѧ˻ϲǣѧϰõĻ裬ѧϰĴͷɥΪְ⣬ѧУΪѧѧϰľո߶ĩԵְࡣ
峿ʱһеУŴ󿪣ͬѧ߽УţǶûнңΧһѧУſһͤλãһԼ׵Ĵڰ壬ڰŸ߶ĩʱѧǵΡƳɼȵȣѧȻǴӸߵš
ǿǸֿ̬˵һܷ߰һʮ֣ģ̬ȺһѧĽӼʵ˵
ڶǺʫʮ֣һҪѹ˿˿ˣûܶĵһһѧ̾һ˵
ͬѧǿǸ۷׷ף˿һҵԼλã˿Լİ༶ȻĬĬߵԼİ༶׼Ŭ顣
Ϊǿѧĵһ죬Ҫְ༶ȵȣˣϿεʱȽϳ٣ʮеѧ붼ҡ
ҶСĽѩϰ˵ֻС鷳һˡ
⼸ҶСһֱԹԵĽѩС鷳ʱ򻹼һֿɶ⼸ǼȻûʲôչȻǲ֪£ǣĴж֪ú˵¿˵ʬЩһȻڵУѾʩѹˡ
⼸ŷԶûҶС鷳ŷҲûңƽƽĹ˼졣
˵ѧУѾ˵ˣһУŵλãΧһѵˣһ㶣漴гɼ棬ÿοԵĳɼʽѧУҲΪ˴ٽѧѧϰԡ
С磬ɩӣˡ˸տҪߵȺǰʱһҶСǳϤĺװ
ʱûм㵹Ǳ˲١ҶС紷һȭЦ˵װǿ׳΢΢һС
С磬òãѵ֪ҵӹǲʵ𣿡װ౻ҶС紷һȭĵط˵
廹ʵװĹĵļ⣬ҶСһۡ
ɩӣʮûмøƯˡ
ллøǴˡĽѩǳЦһ˵
ɩӣˣǿ׳һ㣬һ㣬ͷôŮӶϲС͵أװһƵ˵뵽ʲôһ㣬ҶС˰˵С磬ҿû˵㡣
˵⻰뵽ҶС磬һ˵⻰˲ҶС綼ˡ
˻࣬뿴ɼΧ˲֪жٲˣĽѩɰС˵
ɩӲÿˣС綼ڸ߰࣬ǰ༶ĿƵģϧʮ࣬ǲһˡ˵װ΢΢һ̾˵
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װߺҶСĿзһ˿⣬ǰ񵥣һȻĿ¿˿ȫǰʮͬѧڸ߰࣬ٿдŰǶᣬһ뵽һҹҶСоЩȣЩп͸ӣ֪ԼҪôԶᡣ
С磬̫ˣȥҰɣʱĽѩ˵
ҶС˵ͷȷʵЩ֣Ϊѧܶ࣬ΪʱûмԵʣһһ
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ʱ߰ĽѾһˣǶ˽ţЩĩԵ⣬е໥ڼȤ£ҲеſϿ飬˵Ҳ֪Ҫöٱ
ǿҶСĽѩ˽ʱͻȻǵĿЩ΢΢ľȣȻָֻǰӣҶСĽѩ˵ѾѧУдˣһ㶼⣬Щϧ̾ðײˣһЩŮͬѧЩʡ
ҵλУţмеӲһпǽͦġ
λǰŶûѾ˼мλá
ҶС翴˿еˣĿͶ˵һſǽλõŮӣھĿ飬ǸҶС۵ĺʫ
·Ǿ쵽ҶСĿ⣬ʫ̧ͷ˿ҶСʱһЦȻ󣬵ͷ顣
Ǳ߰ɣĽѩָźʫһŵλ˵
ҶСһ㶣Щɬ֪Ľѩʲôע⣬֪ĽѩͺʫĹϵЩɣ˵ӦԶǣû뵽ĽѩȻѡںʫ棬ȻĽѩѾ˵ˣҲֻҪ˵ͷ


496 ͬѧ
óһ飬Ȼͽڣûнڵ鱾ȫͳΪڵλֻʱԵΪʦԺһλġ
һкĽѩغͺʫ̸ΪЩ΢΢ΣԼĽѩѣ΢΢ЩţžͷſˣʣһĵҶС硣
ͻȻڵͷĶҶСܵһԹ̧ͷȥȴһǳɫȹޱ˽ҶСĿЩӣޱֱޱУʱҲһΪҶС飬ˣ£ޱЩ΢΢ʧ
˹ߵҶСλںͺʫĽѩޱ߹ʱ򣬵ĿһۣȻ󣬼ͺʫ죬һ󣬾͸æԵˡ
Լ˾ŵʮʱ򣬽е˼ˣʫͬһ۾˹ĵǰʫͬͬѧԺʫкøУʫȴǲ䲻ȵģޱͬǶȡ
ҪϿεʱһװŽ˿۾˽߽ʱŮӵĿ⣬ΪҶСƬλüͽſԣ˭߽ע⵽λá
ҶСĽѩһ󣬳Ǹû¶ʲô飬ҶСȴ۾ĺ⡣
ſڴһк͵ڶеĹȥһſһ˵Ŀϡ
ڿҪϿεʱͬѧǺѹ˺ܾã˳ͷӶڵĶҶС΢΢üͷȴû˵ʲô
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ҶСҲ̧ͷſڣֻһĶ˽촩һɫĶȹһɫĶ׵Ĵ䣬ӾǿҵĳУǶ˵߸˸棬ͬѧɴ۾ŵϴ󣬲û¿ˮ
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ʱҶСͻȻоһۣŤͷȥֻĽѩҧ
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ղôŶʦͣĽѩҧʵ
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ߣξ㣬һҪٸҿŮˣС㡣ĽѩĿһҶС˵
ྲ潻ͷӶʱѾվ˽̨ϣĿⲻɲƳһҶСĽѩ
һ仰ѻȸһڵϣ
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Ϊҽһλͬѧͬѧ˵ȻŤͷſڣеͬѧĿͶſڡ
ʱͬѧǲһȻΪνʮλȴֻʮͬѧԭһͬѧе˶һڴĿſڣϣһƯŮŮϣһʷǷ˧硣
ֻһɫĳŮ˽ķͷϣһĹŵͷʽĴ磬Ϊʯͺһ޼ʵĺɣһ촽ΪޣԸվޱȣĿƽޱȣɢһָ߸ϵĸоһֱ߰ĸо
ŮӣвŮֹͣ˺ǲ˼ӣǶû뵽һŮӾȻòһֹŵĸо
ͬѧǣλǴӹǻѧϰĴͬѧϣͬѧǲҪΪ˶۸ΪͬѧҪѵʱҵӭͬѧǸ߰ͥῴһ۽еͬѧ˵
Ļ䣬þò䣬ܶͬѧƶĵúͨͨģպ˵Ȼоʹ
ͬѧһ˷֮ɫƣǹһ˿Ļȡ


497 λ
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˴Լʮ뻹ûͣ˼ԽԽһƣͬѧǵŽֹͣˡ
ͬѧҽһ¡˵Ȼ˽̨ĿͶʾϽ̨һҽܡ
ҡߵ˽̨ϿڵҽдϣͬѧԺ
˵΢΢˵ͷȻ˽̨վſڵλã䣬ҲƽͬѧǶһʧǻӶԷҽж˽һЩǣ˭ֻ֪Ǽ򵥵˵һ仰
·֪Ƚ٣˵ͷҲû˵ʲôֱ˽̨˵һλͬѧǶʰöվڽ档
ͬѧǶԼ鱾УȻ˳ȥվ˽棬ѧǺѧǵ˽û˵ĵȴŶİţȻǸǽĿͶڵĴڶҪܺʹͬͺˡ
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ҶСһŶλλãҲʦƤӵµλãλ̫˾ˣϿʱø߸ߵͷһڿ˲ۣˣڰʱ򣬵һŵѧǿ಻ԣЩ۱ʻƮѽƮѩһһŵѧˡ
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ҶСԹԵ󣬶΢΢һҶС粻ĻŤͷڵһһŵλãҶСͬ
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ͬѧǿеŮȻҶС統ͬǣдΪʧסĸ̾õôֲҵͷϡ
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ᾹȻҶСʹͬһĿǺݶ֮ɫǰ죬Ҫ轫һѧУʱ͸оԼĻˣǣ轫һУʮҲǺܴ轫뷨˵˺󣬴ͬ󣬵ȻԳѧУ̣һѧУôͬ
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ֻǴʱǰֵһĻһĻȫͬɺ޵ǴͬȻ޵ˡ
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һ˵Ȼָһ˵λǰհ༶εȺ˳ģܹΪѧУʱѧУ浥һ⣬⣬ķ൱ߣ˶ڶ֡
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źλ󣬶˽ۼƳһҶС磬Ȼ̧ͷɨһȫͬѧ˼󣬾ͿһѧڵѡɲѡɲȻ޼ͶƱƱͳƣ೤ѡ˴ʧ۵ȻǴΪ೤Ŀ϶ΪҪʣǰİ೤о飬û뵽ȴ⡣
ѧϰίԱǹɰĺʫѡ󣬶ʻһͬѧѡĽ⣬ͬѧͬ˵⣬ûʲô
һ±ѡͬѧûǶԴ˾û˵ͷҲͬԼ೤
еİɲѡˡ
ʣʱ俪һСᣬͬѧһһ˵ԼһĿͼƻῪʱѾҪѧˣͬѧɸϰ˵Ҳ¿ΣϾſѧͬѧжЩ꣬бҪġ


498 ׼
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𣿡ĽѩлЩĻɡ
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ҵˣ㻹иأĽѩҶСһۣϸֳ˵ĺΡ
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˸ߵǰֵһСڵʱһŲںڰҶСóǶԷ⴫ģǽŲǺͨͨСУ쳣ͣ˽ŲĽѩ΢΢ЩҶСĸ첲ŤͷڰУҶСҲŤͷȥȴһµŷԶ˹۾ǺɫѾȫˡ
汻ǧ˵ˣĽϴǼҵͷϣҶСܵŷԶǹĺ⡣


499 ŷԶ
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׼ģҶСһƽʵһַֻĽѩŽԼֱϣ˽ʾҪġ
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ҶСһƣŷԶǲԼ˶УгͣڷﵽͷϣҲǣڶԷԼֻһϣǿȨ˵Ƿƨ
Ǵ򲻹УϰɣǸûϢų򡣡ҶСܲм˵
ŷԶղ׵ǱƽˣҶС֪ǻɽǰҶСͲΪҲ죬ҶСʵԺЩͨĸ࿹⣬Ͳ
ҶС磬ܺã˵ϵûܾ͵㣬ŷ岻ܵġŷԶĶҶС磬Ȼ󣬽ĿͶĽѩߣû뵽㻹ͦĵģŮѣǧСôܣ֪ôģһ䣬ŷҵŮǾԲ޵ģСŮһչ˵ġ
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Ľѩһ£ҶСĸ첲øˣǷŭ֮ɫҲЩĿ־塣
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ҶСȷǸ߽˺ͨͨУҲǴĽѩöԷģû˵ĵطݺݵһŷԶȻɱû֪ġ
Լ˰Сʱʱ䣬߳һƬΪׯڵأǽ˵ĵأƽʱǶڵ߲ˡһЩũȳڵüǮ
ߵׯڵŷԶתϴϷ֮ɫĿҶС磬ʱ̣ȫû˹˼ɣô־ô֡
ĽѩΪеֵôһҵѣȻĴԼˡŷԶдЦ˵ĽѩǰҶСһ١
ŷҶСڣҶСһ϶ˣͬѵҲһʾҶС绹еӢʱЦƴһͨˣǻһèĹѣͱӢۣôҪЩںεء
Ѷûйϵٶ¹޺áҶСı֤ٺˣĿŷԶ˵
ããܺãͻͦϬģµʱҵҪǷϬŷԶ˵Ȼһ磬һӾǰ׵ľ롣
ҶСĽѩ׵ľʱûҶС磬ֱӴһץץĽѩָҪץסĽѩʱҶС˫Ŀбų⣬ŷԶ鲻Խ˫ۣʱҶС綯ˣһ죬һһҶС
תǸĲҶʱֱҶСһӣҶϱųõĹâֱն£죬磬ŷԶһֱҶСһͨˣûκεķ
ʱҶСͻȻ䷢ѣͶ
һҽŷԶĿзޱȣⰵҹëȻ
ץĽѩֱִӱҶС翳ʺޱȵѪҺ
ҶСĽѩСһƣףܹѪ
ŷԶϽתֹסѪһ𾪵ĿҶС˵㣬㣬㾹Ȼߣ



500 նɱŷԶ
ҶС羹ȻնԼ֣ŷԶлһŵӣǰһĻǼٵģԼûбϣղֻǻþ
Ҳǣ˵ʾҶСһͨˣҲǻһЩ׼ĻӣûˣôҲһգʱ龰еȫͬʮǧ
һһͻȻһ֣ǿҵķľŤĺܣ㲻ߣһǻþһǣЩǼٵģҵҲûжϡ
ŷԶǸӣҶС¶һ˿֮ɫµĲǲ֪жôǿ󣬶ǲǰʵ
Ȼ㻹ΪΣҾѡҶС˫ĿһõĹâɢ˵Ľѩ֪ҶСҪ˷ŵҶСĸ첲
ҶС΢΢һʧԭĵط˲ͳŷԶǰֱۣһ˳ȥ
žһİտߵׯڵ˵
ŷԶϳһرİӡеƵĻһܹһαˣҲһƳˡ
ȿȡŷԶӵһ·մͷϻһƬ͵ҶƬȳһѪ˹ҶСߵʵ
صĿ湻ġŷԶǺĿҶС˵ΪͱҶСˣ˵Щ
ҸûأԼ̫޴ˡҶСһӡ
ŷԶЩڣԼûеϸܺ˴һʶһͨˣ֪߶ԼĽǰ˴ˣǸһȣͨ˸벻ǵۡ
ôҾͲʵжǿŷԶҶС˵ɱ죬ΪҶСղֻǳԼûз͵Ϯʹʧȥһֻ֣ҶСʵϾҶСУΪжߡ
˵꣬ݺݵضһµ棬屬ɫĹâ˺ɫ磬ҶС˹ȥһȭӿľΧƾչ˵ҹ磬ⲢǴȻеҹ磬Ϊȭͷ˶ķ硣
ҶСû㣬ҲӶȭͷ˳ȥȭͷϱ貵ĹâȭͷǰĿռ䱻ǿľĶգŷԶƲԼһͻȻˣǱҶСȭͷǰļˡ
䡣һ죬أ쳹ҹգͺʲôըһ㡣
ǿľĴӣΧЩׯҲˣȫݻˣɫҶƬ裬ԶĽѩϽˣܵ˾Ӱ죬ѪЩ΢΢Ĳ԰ףתһԼĹź࣬ĿЩ΢΢ĵġ
ײ£ҶСֻŷԶʮ֮Զһѧ˳رǱ
ܣܣΪôҵĻҪߡŷԶһЩ˵ĺеҶСΪĻҪߣһٴҶСȥʱѾʧȥ侲ҰΨһĽ֡
顣ŷԶҪҶСʱҶС˫ͬʱĳһֵס˶ԷĹһֻ֣ʧȥƵҲഩƳϵĺɫΣӡϡ
ŷԶ嵹˳ȥһѪҺ˳ݺݵ˵ϣղҶСһѾȫˣͲһȫݻˣپһˤƸˣѪվǣΪ̫ظվֻڵϡ
ŷǵҹգ޵Ŀ־壬кܶûꡣ
ʱҶС绺ߵǰӸµĿŷԶĿɱȻ
Ҫ㲻ɱңŷˣɱңŷһģֻҪˣҿԵʲô鶼ûзҲ鷳ˡоҶСĿеĺ⣬ŷԶϽ˵л֣̿л⣬ޱȡ
ֻǵңһŹ㣬ǣ㲻˵ѩĻҶС˵ϣһֻźݺݵز£ŷԶĲϣĲֱӱȶϣͲһͳˡ
ŷԶ˫۵ɵϴϢɢĿ
ѡҶСһ˿ŷԶʬȥȻֺ£˺ʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
һкҶСתߵĽѩߣС˵ûˣѾˡ
ҶСƽϴЦ⡣
᲻ʲô鷳ĽѩЩĵʵ
ģֻҪҶ˵˭֪ҶСЦЦ˵
ߣһȥҶС籧ĽѩһƽСٶȥ
ǲǸоɣҶС翴ŻеĽѩЦʵ
šĽѩ˵ͷһҸģ
ֻҪúҸ㴫׹һͿʵշˡ
ҲҾҪ㱧ҡ


501 
ҶС籧Ľѩһ·ûֱͣӷ¥̨ĽѩͷҶСĻһҸģ̨ôҶСĻ뿪
ϽѾˡҶСͷĽѩĺ촽һ˵
Ҫ㱧ҽȥĽѩѵҶС绳
ҶС˵ͷȻͱĽѩ򷿼ȥߵ뷿ʮ׵ʱһһЦӷд˳мЦҶСǳϤоһμѼǾȻԵЦ
ֻۻۣɲҪôɰСӽ̻ˡ
Щ˷ܵ˵ҶСһͷۣҲ֪Ǽڣû뵽ǼȻԼ䡣
ʱĽѩҲЦɻҶС磬һôôŮӡ
ǿܶǿɶѡҶС͵Ȼ˽ȥô棬ĽѩҶС绳Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôȴû
ҶСƿűĽѩ߽ȥʱڿֵļŮӶվֹͣ˵ſڣҶС籧һŮ˽ʱжһ˿ɫǶûֱܵҶСǰǸ
ڣֻĸŮӣò˼ŮӲͬ⣬ǿɣģǲᱨġŮӶվţҶС˿ʱǱ뺷Ļʹ˹
ҶС绳еĽѩ仰󣬾ˣ˲ͻָ˹ŤһӣʾҶС罫仰ʵǱ뺷ˣ׵˿еˡ
㣬ѩ㡣ʱҶճ˵
ɫЩ΢΢Σǰ˼˵ԭĽѩ㣬˼ղǿЦġ
ҪĽѩЦЦ˵
Ľѩ㣬ҳɶ˵㣬˵رƯһЩţˡ˹һϤƨ˵꣬ҶСһۡ
аҲرƯĽѩϹЦ˵Ȼ˹ȥǼ˶£ﵱԼļңٲȻһŮ˵ӡ
ŮӶûк֣ҶСһμѼЩŮȻƽʱǰ֣Ľѩڣǹ˺ܶ࣬ҶС˲٣ڽֵĻôҶСͻ¾ĴӴ˲ǣͬİ·
鼸Ůһ˵ЦҶС类һԣһֿɶҶС˵з˴ҶСӳж˳һһ߳һżŮġ
ǿɶҺãҶСζϣҶСжϳһֿɶ󣬽ϴú˳һӲϣŵӣһԵμѼѺһ죬һʱʱĿЩӡ
С磬ллҡǿҶС̫µˣ˹ɬ˵ǸرߵŮӣ˵껰ɬĵͷϸֳƬΡ
û£֮ͶѣοǶѡҶСЦ˵
ѡظһ䣬һ˿ɫ漴Ц˵Ҫлл㡣
˵꣬ˣߵԭλá
СŮղŸʲôȥˣѵ׼Զʳøߵԭλʱۼ۾˵˵ЩԣΪĽѩߡ
תͷЩ˼˵Ľѩ㣬ղǿ˸Ц벻Ҫ֡
ûû¡ĽѩһܺЦ˵ɲĵҶСһۡ
ԼھŵʱֿɶμѼѵŮӶˣǽֲȥˣֿɶ˯
ߺĽѩӱȡˮһЩȻҶСʹһҶС᷿ȥҪʣʱС鷳ɳϿӣĽѩҲе¡
ҶСص˷䣬Ҳ֪ĽѩʶЩŮӵġ
һĽѩ˽ߣʵС磬ЩŮô
ͦõģһֱǵһҶС˵Щ֣ĽѩֳӺȫһ⡣
ģֻǵÿ𣿡ĽѩҶСʵ
Ȼˣ㲻Ϊһ˼ɣ㿴ǻûгĺӣҲ̫˰ɣ
ǣҿˣȷʵǰǵãҶС磬ܲԺҪŮӣôŮӣһɲȫĸоĽѩĿ࣬һ˿󣬿˾ۡ
ĽѩҶСе֮ɫŨˣĽѩ˻У˵ģһ᲻Ůˡ
ҶСĻĽѩеˣʱ򣬲ֻƢҪʵȥʡ
ĽѩͻȻղǸ˵ҶСǧСĹϵʣǴ⣬ϾҲܽƾԷĻͻҶС硣


502 ϲʫʵŮ
峿ո̽ͷӴҶСķ䣬ĽѩҶСĸ첲ϣһֻ첲ҶСĲӣͺǱƽʱ˯ŵСһ
һֻ𪡢޳Բȴᱡĺɫɫཻë¶˳ҶСϣƺǲŹۣɫСĶ¶˳
ҹĽѩûлصԼķ䣬ֱӾҶСķ䣬һ£ʼûͱǲϵΪ˲ʹҶСܣĽѩߵķʽΪҶСһ˯ˡ
Դӵ죬ҶСȻ˹еļˣҶСϹҳһ˿Ц⣬ùͷֻһʮˣȻҡҡĽѩ˵ѩˡ
Ľѩ˫Ŀ˿ҶС磬˫ĿЩͣȻֺ۾˯ֻ˯һӵʱ䣬˫ĿͻȻȻӣǰǶԿɰͦĻԲ˻Σ峿ʱεͱȽʢʱĽѩԴ̼֮ǼӲޱȡ
ʲôϻûпҶС綢ͣĽѩĵһҶС˵Ȼ󣬴·
ȻûпһӶҶС翴Ľѩ˵
ĽѩҶСһۣȻ˴ЬһŤͷҶСϽ·Ȼ˳ȥ
Ľѩ߳ıӰҶСЦЦһ󣬾ˣʰö󣬳һЩ򵥵ˮһţ̣ŹȥѧУˡ
һĶȽ磬ҶСҵʱ򣬴ѾλϣǱĹʫʽζĿš
ҶСߵʱľǰ˰֣ҶС߹ȥһһ֮Ŀռ䲻ǺܴҶС߹ȥʱ򣬲ɱ˽Ӵ
һɵζƮƽʱҶСҲŵõζȴ˸ܵһ޷԰εǿסеļ¶ҶСߵԼλϣóӢ飬һϵӢΡ
ʱ΢΢üͷ˲չղҶС߹ȥʱĦ壬һĸоָо˵
ҪվҶС߹ȥǽΪ˼Ѿϣûվû뵽ҶС羹Ȼ壬Ȼ֪ԷǹģҪǷҶС綼֪˶ٴˣʱҪͨ˵ȥһУָ߸ϵ̬
ˡƽ˵ղҶС羭ʱŵǹĻζʱЩ¶ǱѹסˣǹζһҪһŵĳ嶯
ô֪ҵˣҶСЩʵ
ղŴ߹ȥʱһ£ͨ£һƣһ־ƽ顣ǵķţ˵ƽǲǼƯŮӶᶯģ
ҶСһû뵽ͻȻʳ⣬ǻش֮˽֮ŮĵĻ㲻ˣĺϲȴͬ
֪ûһǺöΪˣ˵̫Ʊˡ˵ûŤͷƽĿ鱾
⻰ҶСЩˣŮ˻һ˧˻һĶ
Ҳǡش
㲻ǣͲܴŮӲǣкõˣлˣҲкõŮˣŮˡҶС˵ôЩƫ
ֲãʼնһӣûЦ϶ǱǸ˺ˣҶС
һ£仰ôͣʱҶСһ¡
ҶС翴ȥõĿαⱾҶС磬Ǽû飬ΪͬȻҪˣǾͶ˵뿴һԼȡ
˿ϵݣִڿʫåҶСЩ⣬û뵽ȻԻĹŴʫʵȵȸȤ⼸ҪôǿʫҪôǿʡ
ʱһжһߵָָһ֣ɣ֮δ䣬Ҷ⣬ʳɣء
ҶСĵĽ仰˼˵һ飬󣬴Ȼһܲӣɣأ𣚣Ů֮ʲôϵ
˵ԶɣػŮҲУǸŮӲҪ̫ŰˡҶСһ¡
󣬴˵ͷлЩ΢΢Ի󣬡ĵĹʫѶҺϲ˵
˵ĺܺãŮ˲Ӧ̫ŰˣҪȻܵ˺ģЩ̫ˡ˵
ЩֻһЩȥδġӡ֪г˵ġҶС˵ȻϷһ飬ݸ˴
Ϊ̸۹ʫʵԭɣĻʱʱҶСʫ˼ҶС統Ȼ֮ͣĹϵ˲٣ȻĻģٶԴҶС粻Դ˶ῴһۡ
ҶСĽѩܹʫ䣬ȻҲԴףȴΪģҶСʹ˵˵ͣϼÿжܼʣȻĺ⡣


503 칫Ҽ
ҶСΪŻĹʫʵ⾳ʱһŲ𣬲ûͷҲ֪Ƕ˽ҶСͣ˶ԹʫʵĽ⣬Ťͷȥ
Ķᴩź嵭һ԰ɫΪײɫͼ֯䣬һոմϥǵĺɫȹдţǷĶѣʱ򣬽ĸƽжһ˿ȣŮһĽԼҲж
Ͻ̨˵һͬѧǺãȻ󣬾ͿʼӢαϵ֪ʶڽǰȽ˼ϺڰдϽڿѧĵʣһЩʻ㣬һе˾ҶС硣
ҶС簵̾һ˽̨˷۱ʣЩϴεӢûȻ˵ڽңȴ˱⣬ˣûмǵʣֻƾղϽ̨ǰƳһ۵ʵļƽʱĿˡ
ʦܹ˶ʮʣʮҶСֻдʮʣдһͬѧֻһȻһͬѧȫдˡ
λͬѧصλϣΨҶС磬ûиҶСɫĿҶСһۣſαվǰΡ
ҶСΪȫ꼶һдȴˮƽʧԣҶС⼸ûкúѧϰڸʲôˣ֪
ͬѧǼҶС类ܶ¶ֻɫǸ̬ҲʧʱĽѩҶСһۣ˼˵˭Ͽβúˡ
վڽ̨ϣҶСһ߿ӢαһŶὲΣһֵĵʱ򣬶ܻҶСȥʱش⣬ҲҶСش𣬾ͺרźҶСⲻȥһ㡣
òװ¿Σ˵һ¿ΣȻŤͷҶС磬ҶС磬칫һˡ˵꣬߳˽ҡ
ҶСӢ飬칫ȥߵʱĽѩ˵˭ϿβúΣã֪㱻ĸŮסˣߣҶС統Ȼش˵Ľѩ
һ·ڶ󣬽İ칫ңš
ߵ칫һѺɫƤϣݺ칫һӣһĶŹԹԵվڰ칫ǰҶС磬ҶСϵѹ
һŻ˵ҶС磬ǲԼÿοԿ˵һͿиˣ㿴дĵʣһÿȫһд𣿡
ҶС翴Ŷûпڶ˵ĻҶСûںӢαֻҪʱȫԿ꣬Ҳܹȫ͸
ʱĿⱻͦԲסˣĶVڣĺչҶС۵ס
ѧϰͬˮۣˣҪǲŬ綼Ҫȱ˳ģҶСѧϰݲð֪ξˣҪһΣ㻹еʲдǾͳͷÿдʮţûУɸֵ˵һӣ۾Щӡ
ԼʻҶСûлش𣬶Լˣˢһվݺݵһ°칫˵ҶС磬㵽û˵
һӣҶСһʱҶСŻعĵûмģǴ˲١
Ŷʦ֪ˡҶС˵
ҶС磬̬ܲܶһ㣬˵֪ʲôɫʵ
֪ԺҪúʦģԺԲϺڰдʵҪٳңҶС籣֤
ãҾһΣһΣվΣϿˣȥɣ˵
ҶС˵ͷȻת׼߳İ칫ңͣתߵ˶ǰ
ҶС磬㻹ʲô£ҶС˻ԼЩӿ졣
ᣬԴôͶһӣҶС翴ŶʵϣܷҲᣬɵСϱٴμʱ򣬶ȴ䲻ȣ̬Ȼǰˡ
ҶС磬עһ㣬ʦҶʦɫ˵
ǲڿӱʲôҶСضŶʵ
ҶС綢ЩĻţһ˿ңװһ˵ҶС磬ӱʲôȥ
ҶСЩˬȻЩƣҲ֪ΪʲôԴҶСƹ칫ߵǰʦҪòãҲӦöǰ
ҵ飬ȥҶСߵߣиˣ֮ԶҶСΪ볹׵նϸҶС֮һУϵ飬ֻһΡ
ȥҶСû߳ȥǰҶСһѣǣҶСǶ˵һ㣬ƲˣһվȣȥҶСһס˶Сûöڵϡ
ͷӶпһĨһֱ˶ĺ촽˫ָǲʵ
ỹھҵģǣҶСرѲˣҶС綯ᣬ彥ˣϲ˺Σ˫룬һ
һ䣬칫оŮֻ󣬹ǿš


504 
Ǻܿİ칫ڣһƤϣһĺΣһƬãҲ·ʧ˷
ΪԴ콫ԼȫĽҶС󣬾ͻն֮һУҲ¿ʼû뵽ֻǹһ죬оͲĸֳҶСӰնϣôҲնϲˣˣɺ޵εʱ򣬻μҶС磬ʱȻεԼҶС֮¡
ʱƣûҶС磬ûնǸ˿ͷҶСӰӸˣ˿ҲøˣԼľǸǳ޴ģȴֵûаڡ
ѧӽ̵֪Լһμѧɵİ༶߰İʱа¾ģĮԴҶС磬ֻǣÿһװӣص칫Һ󣬸ۡ
û뵽ǽҶС羹Ȼô󵨣ԼΪʲô䣬󣬾Ȼǿһ뵽ԼҲˣԹԵҶСĶϵĺθŨˡ
Ѿ¶˾ģǣҶСôһ֣ķ˲䵹Ҳ֪Լôźá
ˣαؿȥǿأôôһʱˣһ·ṵ̀Ӣ鼮д
뿪İ칫ңҶС紺棬ͷһ泩֮Ըе仯ˣָֻǰӣ̬ȳһ˿˿ʦ⣬ʵĸоġ
֪֮һԵб仯ģһߵľ磬ºûʲôǲܣֻҪĽѩãŮһ󹬣ʲô£˼Ҳͨ˵˼һΪһֻһţǰٺ֣Ǳĵʱ֪磬ж󣬱ϾЩѾһȼһķ룬֣Ǳ򻹾Ĵүүĸţүүš
ҶСүү·ػʱ֣ǱЩֵĿҶС磬ҶСȷʵǲ͵ֻǿ߸߶Ĺضѣʵܴƹˡ
֣Ǳ׼ҶСһ£ȵʮ󣬿˭ȢŶࡣ
֣ǱĻɸҶСָ˽Ůϵһ;ʣµŬȻĽѩ⣬Ůҳ⣬ϾǸĸϣԼŮûû֣ͺܶŮӹһ
ͨ˺ܶؽڣΪ泩ҵʱѾϿˣѧΣʦſζѧ£ٷ֮ʮͬѧôúΣǰԼļƻԼϰ⣬ֻʦԼŲôϰʱŻ
ҶСûд򱨸ֱ߽˽ңʱʦҪģͬѧǴ򱨸ӰĽ˼·
ܺáҶСº󣬴˵΢΢Щ죬ҶС类ʦȥˣ϶Ǳʦһ٣߽ʱӦһĳأȴǡǡ෴֪ҶСڰ칫ڱѵһٺ󣬾ҸĿʼ
ҵһֱܺãҲ˶˵һ仰綼ﻵġҶСͬС˵
Ҳ֪ôЦҲ֪úͱ˵ЩʲôҶСĻһĬȻ󿪿˵
ҲǣСжȹٺ罻ʹѧϰҲѧϰȥˣȥСĴۣ棬ΧûѣҲû˵֪Ļˣ˲Ը񣬲ܶ˭һӣ˺֮ӽ
㲻֪ҶСЩ֡
˵ͬѧʵʺһ£ڿʱͬѧߴ·ĶȵȣЩͱȴҶС˵
󣬴ĵ˵ͷ˵лл
ʵллϼ֣˵˵лл㣬ҶСͬѧ֮ľ롣
лл㣬ҶСͬѧЩϰߵ˵Ȼ̧ͷ˺ڰʦΣȴ֪ǲΡ
ڿ˺󣬺ʫѯҶСѧ⣬ҶС統ȻʫĽ󣬺ʫĵҶС磬ûΪʫеĵģҶСܸжŮӲʲôʱ򣬶Լסʫ֣һ뵽Ľѩ󣬾ͷ嶯෨
ʫ˵˶ᲢûΪ˵һЩĻʫŷĿ顣
ҶСĽѩҶСһʹһģһкͺʫһңֱҧһϲŴӦĺúõأǱŮӣھȻ黨ǲݣһҪŲסʱһŰ´
Ľڿεʱܿ͹ȥˣҶСĽѩһؼңĽѩҶСĸ첲һС˵ӣǱʼҪǰҶСһӣ˼׼úýѵҶС硣
ҶСĽѩ򹫽վƵλȥʱҶСͻȻѧУſһҵż֣תãxxxxxϵ
һ֣ҶСӨӦӨΪһҵ̣ѧУſھǺܺõѡ
ҶС簵˵绰룬Ȼ׼һؼҺ󣬸º˵һ£Լ°á


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УһıڣһɫзװŷһïʢµʯϣһˮһƷŲˮһ߿ԶϷķ
ȫɢһɲڳĳ֮֮Ƶ֮Уһλҹӣ΢΢б۽ȴһּΪĸо
ʱһ˴Զ˹ضŷԶ˵үҹԶүûл
ŷĲĺһڲˮȻӡɫͼմɲ豭ߵʯϣ̧ͷʵԶȥѵǸҶСȥˣ
ǵģûл˵³ϱ߽Ķׯڵһҹ֮䱻٣ӺΪսģԶү⡣ر𹧾˵
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˵Զȷʵǳˣ붼Ѿʧȥ˵ţŷĶ˶ټ˵ҶСܲ򵥰һˣ߾ȻɵŷҲҪҶС磬ԷҶСĽ鲻ǳ
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Ҳô˵ѹܴ󣬰˴һиеﶼǲһľ棬ʶһһ˵ıµʱҵΪͻͽŷĲûбŷĬƨΣǵ˵
Ĭ壬Ժֱӳƺүŷ˵
ллүŷĳƺԼΪĬ壬һжģΪŷ¸ԼҲϧ
ղ˵ɱԶǰ˴һˣҾЩ̫ܣǲΪһССҶСɱŷҵˣŷ巭Ҳųֿܡŷǻ۵Ĺâ˵
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үҪԳ֣ŷĬĵĵĿŷġ
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Ĭ壬鷳⼸ŪҶСɣֻҪҵ˲һһҶСϣҪϸĿһ顣ŷ˵䣬ҶС粻򵥣һ£˴һôһͨ˽ʶҹϵܺأ
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ҶСĽѩƽҵ󣬾³ˣȻкʫϾһģһͬһ·ߵĳ
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Ľѩ飬ҶСǳ˳飬ʫɫҲЩÿҶСͺʫ֮ĹģѦ֪ģҪҶСִһŮӣ֪ᷢʲô
˵ɫЩȻĽѩɻʵǲǺʫﲻ㣿
ҶС˵ѵģǣһ뵽ƽҵСԽϣô˶֪ҶСͺʫŮѵĹϵһҪ¶ţĽѩӵ
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ҶСЦһ£ֻøߣһƬ


506 
ƽСҵֵСԽԣһЩ̵ĵһرƯŮӣһҶС磬һźʫǾȵɫǶڲ²֮Ĺϵ
кʫҶСһԶǣʱĸΣҶСǸŮһԣʫǸŮӵĺѣô붼벻ͨеĹؽڣпһ䣺Щ㲻
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裬ҵͬѧĽѩʫܵȻͿʼæ
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Ľѩ˺ܶ࣬úʫкĻжôĲ˼ҶСȥæҲҪæֻʣһΧȹˣҶС罫ΧȹϵĽѩϣæֻҪעһ㣬Щǲὦϵġ
ĽѩҶС綼Ƥ˸˿ͶƤʰӣʫĸ׵Ƥ
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Ҳǣڼ֡ſڵĴС㣬ɹֻͦġ
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һһ߳ŷһţŷҶС簵һҺѦû˵ҪȻʹˣһԵѦ񷼿˵Цˣзӵɫ
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ҶС˵ͷĽѩһ£Ȼ󣬾Ϳٵ¥
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ҶСȷʵȡֻˣֻ˺ʫķУǹڷеģΪľٴηطݣѦ񷼻ʫúʫܵί
ҶСĽѩ뿪ݲú󣬵Ĺ˿ͶˣѦ¥һӵ˺ʫķ䡣
衣ʫһȻ󣬵ͷѾ֪Լĸ׵ˡ
˵ɣôһ£ǸĽѩŮǲСŮѣѦ񷼳ʵ
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ѦǸ֮ɫ۵ıźʫû뵽ԼŮȻ㱻˷ҪҶС磬ԼŮᱻȺ˵ԼŮҩô˵ҶСռ˱ˣԼŮĵһΡ
Ҳ֪ʲôζҶС磬ԼŮֻԼҪΪôǮԼŮͲȥ򹤣ҲͲᷢЩˣֻѾˣ롢ںڣѾûʲôá


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ʫʫ㣬ϲС绹ֻΪ˸жѦ񷼿ŻеŮ˵û𱸺ʫϾҲԼŮ
кܵĵĿźʫʫҶСĸǵڶֵĻôڳѾˣֻҪ뿪ҶС磬ܿʼµǵһֵĻˡ
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ŮӣѦǻܲԼŮ֣ҪŮβֱܵ죬ǾҪŮһ顣
̣ģһᴦ顣ʱһֻҶС粻֪ʱѾ˽Ǹ⣬顣
ҶСеŨŨ⣬Ѧ񷼿ҶС粻ԼŮ·˲٣Ҳŵʧղ׼Ȱ˵ҶСҶСԼŮǣҶСе⣬֪ˡ
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ҶСѦ񷼼ᶨص˵ͷġ
Ѧ߳󣬻ͷһۺʫķ䣬̾һȥҪǿҶС绹ʵΪ˲ЩӵܣһֹҶСԼŮӼ
ѦߺҶС罫ʫ˻УرۣͬǱ߹¶Ůӣǵ㣬ҶСǰδе
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ϣıĽѩȻ߽ĽѩС鷳Ǹ䣬Ľѩ˴ϣĽѩ˫ֱĲӲſҶСֻĽѩߣ˻УȻ˫ۡ
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˻ᣬ飬ѧϰĵĹŴĻ޷־ģҪ
˵꣬·뵽ʲôһ¶˵Ц⣬ȻҲֻ¶Ц⣬ϵıûаı仯ƽ
ʱһŲһͷ𷢡˵˹˹˵С㣬Ϣˣڻģ˵ͻ˻ȥҲãһҪȥ죬۸ʲô۶Ҫ³صµĶڳͻȥ
֪ˣȥɣ˵
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˹ߺ󣬴Ѫɷʯȫڳ»Ѱ죬ǣһа취ġ


508 ˴һ뿪
ƽʱֹ죬⼸ͬѧǶϤǴҶСĿҲͱ˽ȻĶŮͬѧҶС⡣
·Į߰ӣѾǲˣѧѧĹϵĽѩͺʫĹϵǰΪҶСĹϵͼ棬ڼ޻˵ĺýãǺʹҲ˵Ͼλܽ
Դһ༶ޱȴҶСһλҲû˵ʹҲǵͷʺѣ϶ԶԶؿҶС磬ҶСΧŮӸ˵ģȻЩʣҲЩĽҲףԼ˺ҶС硣
ֵһһζҶСڰ칫з˼ĺ˺˺ܶ࣬ʱлЩãѾǰˡ
ӰһյʮһǸεʱ䣬εʱһֻһļڣϿһֱϡ
죬ҶС𴲣ֻ˿ʱ䣬ֻ֣Ǳĵ绰
С˭ôʹ绰ҶС绳еĽѩɰСӣҶСĻв˲ܲ˵˵ë̺ͷ档
ҹֻܵĲһᣬڽҪͱǲϵʱĽѩȴɬĵǸضͳŮӣԼ»֮ҹԼĽԼϹ
Ϊ֪ҶСúܵԵʣԼջ֮СΪҶСѾĽѩ޶ˡ
Ѿŵˣʱ䲻ˡҶСЦ˵Ȼһ£Ľѩ¶ǵʮΣָмѡ
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ҶС绰УŮִ̼ĽѩĽѩǳĽëգһ£Ȼһµ˸ſҶСϣʵ˭绰Ҹղ˵ʲôŮˡ
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ôҪȥˣҶСЩȵʵǵĿ겻ǱѪɷʯ𣿡
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ŶҶС˵
йʻ㣬ʮĺࡣ֣Ǳ˵Ȼҵ˵绰
ҪȥĽѩʵЩʧ׼ҶС硢С鷳һȥģղҶС˵ĻҪˡ
Ǹ´һȥ֣ǱҪȥˣǡҶСЩǸ˵鷳ˡ
ģն˽ʮˣȥ˼ΣĽѩĵҶСһۡ
ⲻǺæʱһҾ䣬ȻҲҵĺѩҶС˵Ц˵Ȼ·ĽѩĶͷһ£߳˷䡣
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ûг⣬ҶСֱӴ˾Եĵ绰Լȥӵʱ䣬ԾͿųҶСԡ
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ʱ˴ʮڻڵĲʳȴҶС硣
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С㻹ԡҶС˹һЦ
ҶС磬˸źݶĹâ벻ͨԼȻܸҶС磬벻ͨҶСʵôôǿ
ҶС磬ҵţһÿģкݺݵĿЩ΢΢ļɵϾҶСʵš
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ʵȷʵǿҵʵࡣʱп˵ҲҶС磬ҶССһ㡣
ллҶС˵һ󣬼һһʱ͵ˣǶŽվȥ¶СߵʱҶСһھͺߵܵ˶еߣ֣Ǳ򼵶ʲѡ


509 װը
𺽵ķɻҶСЩᣬϾѵüԼͬһˣһߣҶСܹµֹµָ֮սֹµ
Щ⣬ҶС绹һЩĽСûһηɻаһҪһηɻɻĸо
ɻѾӰӺҶС˳ȥ
١ҶСǰһξ룬׼һ⳵Ǹ˹ĵ¶ż˷֮ɫ
ԣҶСףղŸû뿪һֱԼ΢΢ף˵߰ɣ
ϳԱ㿪ʻȥ·ϴԼʻʮӵʱ䣬ڳĿҶСͻȻ˫Ŀ˫ĿбŷâʵԣǲʻʱҲǣ
ҶСĻһȻӷ⾵ȥֻһɫСγŽظϡʱ򣬺ҲһɫСγ
٣ǸҲ֪ǲʱ򣬸ٹǣʱȷʵһɫСγ󡣡ЩǸ˵ͬʱЩ𣬶Լľ̫ˣҪԼעһ㣬Ҳжϳˣ¾ģԺҪעһ档
㲻һǲ̫עЩģԺעһǡҶС˵ûзƢҲܹ־ԣԺܸߵҲڸղŵʱ򣬷˶Է˵Щ˺ܽƻ
Ժһעġ˵
ʲôڸԼҶСѵŷˣɣϾǺԼг뵽ҶС˸ݺɱ⣬ŷˣںɱһˡ
йʻλãʻһܷ·ʱͻȻҶСܵһǿҵΣ֪ΣԺδȷȷʵʵĴڡ
Ѿ쾳ˣΣеģҲֻЩ۷Ĵڻ쾳ϵĸֲвȫ
ǹΣյĸоԽԽˣҶСϽչʶ쿴ǣ˻ǳˣʲôҲûз֣ƽģЩڵٶȱ֮˲֪жٱԶеģҶСûȥԵĿơ
һܺҶСǷƽʱǳڳ˵СγֵΪǾԵָֻͲǣԴСγĵ̡
ҶСչʶ쿴ȥʱ󾪣ֻСγһСѧǰСһ滹ʱ䣬Ǹʱ䲻ͣʱ00:05һӱ䵽00:04ʹɵҲ֪ը
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ʱܶ˶סˣ𾪵ĿһĻЩ˺ܺڣûϣƵʻǡ
ҶС;صһ˲䡣
¡һ죬죬ضɽҡƵĩա
ҶСըˣһҫ۵Ĺâҫ죬ǿĳΧܶʻСγƷˣͬеֻߴľҲˡ
еϺܶгŵ綯Ħг˶ˣҶС;Ҳ˳ȥ
ҶСһû뵽װСγеըôѾСγʮˣǣǱˡ
ҶСڿһŤȻƽȵ˵ϣԾûôˣ˱Ʒ˵ĵ綯Ħгϣҿ˹ҪȻһӾͻᱻˤˡ
ҶСһ磬˾ǰʵûаɣ
ŤŤ壬ҡҡͷ˼ûʲô£֮ɫĿҶС磬٣Բ𣬶ҵĴûעǵĳﰲװը
Ҳ㣬ԷԤıģһһֱҡҶСɱⲻΡ
˭ԼôԹޣ˼޹ȺڵȫҪɱҶСɫһ
ʱǿĽֵϻеϣҳһţܶʻĳΪ¹ʷͻȻԭɲײЩƷ˵ĳϣӦʮСγԵײһСγĿȫǣ˾֪еϵҲҳһţײһƬײгߵ綯ĦгĲƬеѪҺһĿġ
ʱҶСϽ˷ᰵĵ绰ʮʱŽͨˡ
ͨ绰дܹжϵóڴϣҶСֻ˵һ䣬ϱߵ궫·˴ըϽ
˵꣬ûи˼ʱ͹Ҷ˵绰Ȼ󲦴119120


510 ൯
ҶС绰ͻȻоЩԾԼڵѪҺڷڣתٶҲ˼֣ҶСһ̧ͷ˿ܣֻ뱬ըֳһͻƺһ㣬ҲͻȻϳ͵ĺȼӡ
ͬʱ뱬ըֳкü˷˱仯е˵ָͻȻˣ첲͡
ҶС󾪣ʲôһӣǰƾɨȻץסԵĸ첲һߺˣһߴ󺰵ϽԶ뱬ըĵ㣬ĵзʡ
仰ҶСתģƷԲһ֮ڵ˶ҶСĻ󣬺ܶ˶ϽԶ˱ըص㣬ϵơ
ʵΣû˲֪ģ΢ĻһЩصĺпܸıУ巢ΣȻҲпֱʵһЩ䵽ǱȽϺõģķ˱죬ǻжѹ
ҶС纰˻ȻЩ٣ʱһЩɫ԰ףŻ²ֹȱ֢״
зʺ𶯲ѣҶСϽˡ
˴Լ˵ʮ׵ķΧڲͣҶСɫüΪѿɱЩѾɥĲĵزȻըӷʣ̫ľˡ
ʱҶСĵ绰Ƿᰴģϸѯһµ׷ʲô£ҶС
쵰ôһ£ᰵ˹
ʲôʡ绰лŷǧ
Ҫɱңҳĳ°װ൯ը˷ʵը൯ǿֲӳõըϽһЩרܶ˶䵽ˡҶСɫص˵
ʲôȻ˸ըϸϵҶСĻʵ÷һ𾪵˵з飬еæˡ
ҶСͷͨʱ򣬾ҶСԶĸ¥¥ϣ˺һվϣжԶԶԶһĻͻȻͬһʱ䣬ǶҶС硣
ޡáǸһﻹûһӲҪȡĴʩˣ𾴵ĺ˵أһų𷢵˵ϹŵЦݣȴޱȡ
ֻܳǮȽʹֻ̣Ҫܽɱڹ̣ǵˡһɫĸߴ˵۾ҶС磬Ǻ⡣
װĽԪǰ˵ĲǸȷʵΪǰΪ֣صǸǶһ޳ؾһȻ˵û뵽ȻӹΪƵը
ǰӱΪԪ˿е֪ҶСʵܾˣӵв˼Ȼ֮ԱǣͲţˣΪʵǰ
û뵽ֻҪһը飬ǾͿԻؼˣǣȴҪһʱ䡣һźɫīͷô˵Ͳ̡
ⳡϷӺ𣿡ʣһ˵һЦ¶˰ɭɭݣֱð
ѻ׼ʱӶһӲӵֱ˵һ
ȻŤͷī˵˹һӵʱ׼
һӣʱҲΪ̫ˣʮ룬ʮ㹻ˡīĲ˹͸¶ǿҵš
ϣǰһ͵ľӣȡ˼㲿Ѹٵװһ䣬һܻͲͰװˣطźõͷȻ˼׼ҶС硣
žžžһ𣬽ӹƣ˹ٶԽԽˣǵ㵱ʮʱ䣬ھȻʮ롣͵ĿŲ˹
󣬲˹û˵һ͸ͲԶ׼ҶС磬ʱ׼䡣
˹Ҳǲʾһľȡһ͵ľѻǹѻǹǲöƵӵӵбըܡ
ѻ֣Ӷֱֻһװ˵
ʱҶС罫Ĵ˵һ͹Ҷ˵绰ҵ绰ʱ򣬷ѵù˵һ䣬ҶССһ㣬ϾʵΣ̫ˡ
չҶϵ绰ֻװڿڴУͻȻҶС˫ĿбһɹâѤ֮ɫֻǰƯһöСָͷһСӵöӵڵĿתš
ҶСԵľԿ󣬵ɴ۾
۾һɣӵ͹ԹԵͣǰһҶСеļͳݸˡ
ԣбó¥оѻ֣ǱȥɱǣСĵ㡣ҶС˫ָһУöӵУȻŤͷԾ˵
ǣ١һУΪٰ£ĸ֣˵ٿ
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Ҳ֪˭ȻôıǮȻöѻ֡ҶС翴һеӵȻװ˿ڴУϹҳһ˿Ц
Լʩչøþף綼ɱó¥ѻɱˣʱֻԼǵעþȥնɱǡ


511 ûô
黹ԶԶûнҶСһŤͷѰŸղŸɫСγǣ֪ʱɫСγѾʧˣ˿ھλöһʮ·ڷ
ҶСбŷʵԵĹâȥɱ˰ɫСγϵˣǴʱҶΪԷ˾ѻ֣ܶӵ٣ԼжĹУӵ˺޹ˡ
ݣöӵƿ˹תۼѾҶСǰҶС˫ֻǰĿռƲһ΢΢öӵһεǣ裬˫ĿһõĹâҶСһӣЩӵԭĹ켣ɶأٶȱ֮ǰҪ߳ܶࡣ
ޣֱǳ˰ӵȻó¥¥ϣֳԶĽӿһĻ𾪵һֻɫ˫Ŀܵɳ˺һᣬŷӦ˹
˹䣬ҾͲţܶùҵ׷ٻ𷢵ƽһ飬˵
Ļ䣬ಡһöͷ˳ȥٶȼ졣
ҶСոǣЩӵЩӵɻȥͻȻоԼʲôסһ㣬Ȼ˵ȻһּΪΣյĸо
̧ͷһ˫ĿһֻһöֱԼҵĵͷ˹ҶСϽˣ廯Ϊһ⣬һӳʮ⣬öͷǳ۾һ㣬ڿиı䷽׷˹
ҶС˼£ǱöͷģʱöͷѾǰûúȥӣֵ֪ͷֻҪһײͻᷢըٴκ׵ľ룬һһɾָĳ䵽˵ͷϡ
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ȽԶһЩˣԵ޹ʳѪҺͷ϶ŶѪܵ飬ܶ˲֪ʲôһճģѪҺմ֣ʱŵüϾղըʱҪҺü
ըиΧը˭֪λãе˶ֻԶɱȥֻ״Ⱦģ϶ϷûᣬһЩ˳˽ֵԵ淿УԶѡ
ʱ뱬ըֳԶһڵҶСӵǱû뵽öͷ˵ľ޴һӾͳ˵°ɫһ˽ɫͷʲôӣͲö֪ˣ·ӣҲ֪ͷòȥ
ҶСŭ죬û뵽ԷȻ˻̧ͷ¥ղŴӻĹ켣Էλ¥Ũ̺ͻڻҶСó¥ȥ
һҪɱЩˣҪȻ֪޹ȺڣҶСĿɱ졣
ҶСܳʮԶʱһͷ˹ȴûзҶСλãǷɵ˾뱬ըλòԶǺҶСûٸһöͷ
˹ϵ۲ԭģ㾹Ȼ˵ڶö֪֪һöҪҶǮһһ𰡣찡ҵһ𡣡ӿ˹ٴηһöбжˡ
ҲΪɱ˹ƲƲ˵
ûУʵ
ӦˣҵҰûмӰһը顣˵꣬¶˷ܵĹâ
ΪһöͷƽˣֻҪɱҺǻῴϵ۵϶һЩ͵ġӵĺЦ˵
ޣлϵۣлǣǵϵĺ顣󣬽Ӻͺӵһ¡
顣顣顣
ʱ;ѻǹ·ЩǹһһСγըֳһڰ˷֮ɫڹۿ̻ŵĲãŲõıȴ˵
ڹ㷢ʲôأ˵ĶӺе
ٺ١Цһ£ûӣǹ
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ޣ찡ӿֵϵ龰˵һ䣬ϲ
ѸٵʰŶҲͣ;ѻǹĲ·ľУһк󣬼˱ľӾһԵһֱȥ
ԪôˣƺЩˣӵĺǿӽԪɫЩǳʵ
ıɱ𣿡ӽԪźǵ˵
ʲô˼󣬺һ٣ЩĸоͻȻ䣬ӽԪ۾ϴֲָ̧ӽԪ
˵ĺܶԣûôһ˼˵Ķߡ


512 ϲǮ
ӽԪͺèĽɪɪŶƶˣһſ˧ӲҰޱȡ
ҶСʵ֪ģǹ˲䣬ԷȻֶǹ֧ѵԴȻʱһжˣĺüѶֻʣ˻µʬ壬״̣ܲмֱӱԴ
ǲܵ飬ΪǵЩѶǴ˶ģɱ˱ϻҪ࣬ս鼫Ϊḻǣǳ棬ҶСиǺ޷־Ǻʵˮ¥徹ȻһƵ˽⵽ҶСĿֲ
ȥ¸˶ӳ֪ӳͲ˼պһϢڻĵЩӶŵȫץסˣ󾭹Ǯ̽˽⵽࣬ҶСĽ
Ȼ˵ҶСŹǣΪӶŵһԱ𲻵òϾЩ˶Ǻֵͬܡ
绰ڷ޻еĺǣ˵ºжҪҵ˺ǳӶųĺ飬ҲǽһˣǼҶСʱ䣬Ȼѡڽ춯֡
ղ˵ɱҶС磬ǸʱﻹЩܹɱǸʵǿĻ֪˴𰸣ܣɱôֻһ֣ԷɱϾҶСʵʶ
ޣ찡˻ǹӵĺǣʵ
˵˻ǹҶСƹһǰʱҶСͷģɢһɽζһȫѬˣҶСһЦ¶˰ɭɭݡ
ҶСǳϷ֮ɫЦݣӵĺǣ˫ȸǲķ
ҶСʵʵĳǰӽԪǲҰˡ
찡㾹ȻûȥϵۣӿҶСһ˲侪ȵ˵˻ΪҶСˣǣȴúõĳǰΪǣһǰſҶСĽֵϵģǣھȻǰǶôٶȰҪ֪¥ʮףӽֵܵ¥ڵݼʱ£ٶҪķӵʱ䡣
ʱѸٵĴγǹҶСǼǹҶС绹ǺúõվţһѪûУͺһֻһࡣ
Ǳľֱܳǰ˺ֲֲ֮ܿ˵ܣҲϽֱȥ
ҶСֻǵĿһǣȻĿͶӽԪһĳõĹâҫӽԪߵĺǾͱҶСһԴҲˣѪɽӽԪһЩϣҶСǰһĹâҫסЩѪ
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ӽԪҽһϷɻһ£ٶȸǼӿ˼֡
ӽԪһ첲ҶС˺ҶСûӽԪŤͷѾ˷ɻˡ
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ҶС΢΢һֱϣ̧£ֱϣתҶƬͱҶСˣתķҲȻˡ
һԾ¥ϣǳĿżˣѤĹâֱĳžͱҶС˺һֻһץһɢ˵ֱֱӵ¥ϡ
ղʹûͲģҶСߵǰŲ˹˵ҶСƳŵľϻһ΢͵ĻͲ
ǣǣǣҷġ˹ֵָŽ˵ѾƵˣʹɱǣʱҶСֱܻٵˣУ˺£ʣµľǿ־ˡ
ҶСһסĲӣ˵ģҲɱ㣬ǣǻҪ컯ˡ
˵꣬һЦһӣ˹һƽ˶ĽƬУʮĸ¥ȥˡ
ɱңɱңкܶǮܶܶǮӿҶС罫ĿͶһˣһ˵
ŶˣҶǮȤˣֶ٣ҶСһȤʵ
ǧǧҵȫҵҵӦ㹻ˡǾ֮ɫ˵ĿлЩϣǿϣ
ȥɣʱڵϵĺͻȻվ׼Ŀ꣬۾һգȫľһɣһλεذ׾ʹ˳ȥоˣоذ״̽˼⡣
лϵۣɱ˷ܵĺе˲䣬еЩԾֻۣҶСһĿ΢΢ͷһԼذ״̽һֱֻУֱֻӽԪġ
ҶСһŷɳ߷˳ȥһӣʮöƳγεӵ˱ѣ¥ϣһѪĲˣЩӵǸղǿǹʱҶСһٶץС


513 ᰵǸ
ҶСֶΣһĭиǿ־ˡ
ǮأҶС翴Žʵһ˿ɫһ̣ҶСкƱһѶѵëүү
󣬽ӸϽһ֣ʿе˺ţǧ
һֺҶС˵ȻЩǮȷʵܶ࣬ô˵㻹Ҫһһ
ղŲ˵ֻҪҸǮͻŹҵġǲʵ˵
˵ûмǴĻֻ뷨ѣǮɵӲŲҪҶСһЦ˵һĳĿڣ͸壬ӵһ˲䱻˺飬Ϣʧ
ʱҶСߵӽԪǰһҰ׵ϱ۵Ĳ֣ͷϺ鲻ɼ˿ڵʹ̡
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ҶСָᵯ˼£ͰӽԪֹסѪҶСû׼ɱҪ죬ɱ˺üˣҪһģ˻˵Ĵڣһж˵
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Ƕɱ𣿡ҶСʵ
ǣȫɱˣ㣬ԿҶСںĿЩ˵
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ںˣǺǡҶС˵ȻָӽԪȥ
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ŽֵǽľΪ˵ľֱ۸ӽԪһƣŭ˵㿴Щ˵ġ޹֮ˣв㻹𣿡
˵꣬ٸһơ
ϣеСγĿȫǣӲĿ̶ãҶСЩ⣬ڵһ֮ʷŹӽԪ˽ձҵĺ
ԼСʱ򣬷᰿ǰԼĳͣһ̳ǰͣλϣ˳ûдźɫĶȹ˿࣬𱬵ĸ˼µջһ֪һӵҶС绰͸Ͻ˹
ŷǧҲӳһɫ˿䳤ȹѩԲСĿתΪѪѵԵʣһɳ֮ټеǻ֮⣬һ̼䣬ǻŮ˼䡣
ǿҶСͿˣ³ʱҶС;ԴӽԪ˹ȥ
ҶСʱ˶һ㶣жЩģʱҶСǱǶΪҶСˡ
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ӽԪ˵ǻɣĿתҶС磬òǴӴһ˾˵ıɣ
žˣǳӶŵˣҰ˽㣬ԷҶС絭˵Ȼûᰡ
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ʱŷǧ첽ߵҶСסᰵԸֲǲ˽⡣
˵ţȻҶС˻ᰵĻҶСԲںǣŷǧĻҶС绹Ҫġ
ԲҸղŲӦû㡣һ˵нҶС綼Ҫ졣
ŷǧзһ˿ɫҪ֪᰿Ǻܽˣʹ˶ǸģҪǸֱȵ컹ѣǴʱȴҶСͷǸֻ˵һ⣬᰺ںҶС磬뵽ﲻɵÿҶСһۡ
ᰵĵǸҶС΢΢һԷѾͷˣҲûбҪǸˣЦЦ˵û¡
ղŽŵĹϵ˼֣󣬷᰾˾ҶС˵һ飬ɱ˹Щ˵Ĺһ


514 ·
ô˵ֻΪ˱ˣ󣬷᰽ĿͶҶС磬ĿתĿ
ҶС˵ͷᰵĿ⣬˰֣ô۹⿴ңòǶȤɣУԼҵʱ䣬ȻҲˣĻͦģҾǿһ¡
ҶСĻ󣬷ſ˵ʲôȴôҲ˵ˣһűһ仰ҶС쵰˵꣬ϷĨΡ
ʱͣʮ˹Ϊ׵Ƿ졣
ӳһ
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ԣȻȥҺǻ¡ҶСŤͷߵľ˵
ǣ硭õġ׼г٣ǿڣ־ЩʣϾǺᣬ˵뿪ˡ
󣬷Эŷ촦ﷱӶ飬ԼСʱֵϵŻȶݳԵĵ飬ֲ¼Уﵽ˶ʮˣ˵ʮˣ˵ľϰˣЩֱܵ˺еȴΪҵԭ򣬼ӵܵ˺
ͳƵֳ󣬷ᰵҶСһۣ˼Ƕ㣬Ҫ㣬ôôܵ˺
ᰣûм㴩Щϰߡʱһ˹ǴҴҸļߺ
촩һţж̿㣬ɫ֯ԲڣΪ·ȽϽԵʣǶ˵ȫ˳̲ס࿴ۡ
ĻͦġϴЦݵ˵
⻹죬Ҷٺܶˣ죬ûȥϰ࣬һֱڼֻûеػˣû뵽һͿ쵼ĵ绰ҸϽû뵽Ѿˡ̾˵
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ףС磬ôҲôˣûϳȵ˵ͷһ󣬺ŤͷԵˣЩ֣ô뿪˵ʱŷҶС硣
Ǳըըãǲ֪ôûбըҶС绹ûлش𣬷᰾һ˵ΪղҶС̹ȻĽĵǸڻɣϾŮӶ׼ǳ
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ʱԼĳҶС׼ŷǧͬһŷǧ׽׽־úһЩ˼Ůӻͦģ仹ЩøУĳȥ֡
ҪҪҰ·ˣɫСγڣҶС翴Ǹɾλٿ˿Լ·ʵ
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ԴˣҶСЦЦûнʲôʱԽͻԽ˱α
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ЩƬرãҸоרҵˮ׼ҪߣǿЩɹ⣬ĽǶȣֱԸһ¶쾡¡ҶСһƽɷǽЩƬһӰоӡ
ʵӰһϲͨƬֻܿǸǸƬϵﴩ·Щ࣬Щﴩ٣ǸŮظȽϴǸȽСղŶƬǷȫ˵ģΪζѡ
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ҶСĻŷǧͺЦЦһӡ
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516 Է
ҸղŵľôѿҶС̧ͷƺЩǺŵ˵
šĵ˵ͷŷǧûʲôʾһ
ʵҸղվڴͽǶȥЩƬģǵӣƺϣҿЩƬҾͲˡҶСƽ˵һһӣͺղ˵Ļȫģ뿪λ׼һߣ֮󼪡
һӰһᣬǰǷᰵӰϴЦ⣬ضҶС˵ҶС簡ҶС磬㲻ȥԱǿϷıˡ
֪֪͵˵˽ṹʲôУ
͵ĶˣҲ㷭ѣ˽ĻôļܣοĵƬǸ˿ģǸ˿ôʲôҶС練ʵһɵӡ
㡭ҶС仰ظһ΢΢һΣҶС۾Щֱˡ
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쵰ڿʲô쵽ҶСĿһ˫ĿһЩ΢ŭ˵ȴЩΡ
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517 
輸ϣڷĲȣɫ˱ǵζ˿ˮθڴһͻݵСϱгڴĿҶС硣
ζôĿζɣʵȻĳˮƽܸߣǣԼˮƽĺûҪҶСۣÿŮ˶ԼϲӶԼĿĸ档
ҶСǳһڣĿһ˵ͬͬһֲȣͬζ⻰Ȼ٣ͬһĸһּΪ¿ɿڵĸоͺԴ¶ȻͯȴʵƽĸоƷʱζЩǳԵ󣬿㣬ǹζɢ
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˼ĲҶСǸ˵üͷ㲻ҪɣǻǲҪˡ
˵꣬ҶСɳϣźе˿˿飬ٿ֮ĺ촽ҶС鲻Խȥ


518 欵Ů
촽Ҳǹɲľζ˺ҶС̰Ʒĺ촽ۻࡢĲ
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ôʱУҶСЩֵʵľܿ㿪ĻսæҪȻʱȴЩϡ档
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519 ľܿı
һʱȽæͳ鲻ʲôʱ䡣ҶСЦʱľܿ㻹ǵıĸ첲ӿĲʱʱĦֱۣ̼˵顣
ҶСľܿ㣬ұͯһһٸǹŨ㣬ҶСϢ
ôŵŮ˵ϵζСŮϵĻŮ˵ģľܿдЦʵ
⣬ҶСֻЦЦûлش𣬿ҶСı飬Ƕ֪𰸡
Сܵܣû뵽㻹ǸӡľܿЩԹ֮ɫ
ʱ˯С˳໹Ժŵ۾ҶСʱĿһ˹˵ҶС绵У磬ˡ
˵꣬ԴҶСĻв˲䣬˿ɰСӣŵҶСϺ㡣
С£ѵֻĴ磬ûˣľܿװ˵ʵ
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ľܿԴǳ谮֮ɫ
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Сܵܣ˵һҩҺܹ˵ò᣿ľܿϣ֮ɫʵ
ǰͯƵʱһͯò˷츲صı仯мΪ𾪣ʮٸȻһӱÿֻжʮ꣬Ů˵ԣԽƯŮԽעԼòرľܿ־ɫŮӣΪעأʮѲܱ꣬úܺã۽Ǵβƣһһϵգʧޱȡ
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ǣҪΪ˼㣬Ȼֻദ˶̶̼ʱ䣬ǣԴ֮ҵˣһرŮӵϢ֪Ƿɶ˻𣬵̲סᶯ鿿㣬ɶ˻ΪѰ֪Ѱ󵽹һ˲Ȼе룬ǰ̡
֪ѾŮˣܴ֪֮һβܵ飬һ̲ס뿴㣬ҵ⣬򵥣£¸˺ֻܱԼ㣬һ˸˵ÿҹܻҲˡľܿس顣
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ľܿұȻŮӣǸܲġ
ļָܷܷ̌ܿҶСǰ˵ҶСеõʲôŵΪ˳ŵϣңң޼ʵϣɢʱʣµֻʹ顣
Ȼ֮ѩźһֱۣסҶСĲӣȻҶС磬ҶСͷĻС
ܵľܿķͣ˵㣬ȻӿҶСȴЩϰߣϰ߱һŮŻУһһ㡣
ҪһᡣܵҶСľܿ˵
ҶС簲ȴ̲סǹɳ嶯һֻĦľܿǹ⻬ļ
һô׾Ͷˡľܿ˵
ҶС̧ͷȻ󣬷ľܿĻУŮӣĻǲˡ
ƶ졣ľ̬ܿʮ㣬Цһ
㣬Ҫòʵܼ򵥣ȴҪҶСΪ֮ɫȴΡ
ȴҪ·ȫ֪꣬Ѿ˵ˡľܿסҶСĻ
Ը𣿡ҶСгȵʵ
ʲôԸģ˵Ҫҵ壬ҲԸ⣬ڶĳʵʱ򡣡ľܿ˵
ľܿ仰ҶСֻǰһ֣ںһֱӹˡ
ȥϴԡˣ㣬һҶС˵ȻɳվȲϴԡȥͬķԡڷˮȻȡҩҺ˽ȥ
һкҶС׼ľܿŲûнУתһסˣ˫Ŀֱ
ֻľܿȫ²մһƲƬ㷢ɢԲϣĸ߷ķͻ޳ȣɢһɵ˼µȻ
ҡ߶֮䣬̬ԣѪҺӿ죬޲ֱӽǰŮӾ͵
롭ȥҶСһҺⶼڴ
ľܿ㿩һЦԡУҶСޱҩҺΪ壬Ϊľܿ壬ҶСоÿһӶǼ尾ŮҲͰˣҶС绹ֵܹģľܿ欵˼µŮӣҶСÿʱÿ̶žһע⣬ѹƲסڵ


520 ڵ
ԡһƬ޵ĳ棬ĹǵľܿҰ꣬üĿ価ģǹ˻ǵģҶСڵΪ̼ƤëףľܿļഥʱһɵһĴ̼дӴֱ۶Щ΢΢
ľܿϺһĶʱѣʮɵĹҶС˰Сʱ
ΪľܿһкҶСһΪһƪΪħĹ
о񣬼ǵߡҶСҧһ⣬Լѣľܿ˵
ľܿĿ룬ƺܺҶС缡ǵ˵ͷ
һԼҶС糤һĻʪ͸ˣΪǻɵġ
㰴ոǸ·߿ڵҶС˵Ȼ׼߳ȥ
ʱľܿ˫Ŀﲨ֮ɫ¶˻ǣҡ
ħȻҶСѹõһӴǣȻѹƲ֪ѹƣѵȫ·ö˫ۿҶС壬ľܿϺϼ֣ѩ׵ļ˷ۺɫ
ҶСԡڣؽľܿ㱧˻УһǰķͣĸоҶСһȻѾҪʧˣдһЩǣڶľܿʹͬʱųˮеҩ
ҶСİԼӵʱ䣬ɫĳˮȫ峺ޱȣʱľܿѾǲѣסŤš
ҶС籧ľܿͯȥϰڣߵǰʱϵˮѾȫɡ
ӵ˴ϣҶСĺ촽Ĵɣжȣǹԭʼ
ѪҺڷڣȼա
ҶСҪʱľܿһ˿ҪСܵܣǷ˻ɱġ
ľܿЩ壬Ѿ鵽ҶСĹܻʲôɱֱӽ⡣
һʹֵ
ʱҶСͻȻоľܿһɼΪӴ󾫴ĽҪڡ
ҶСһЩ˼飬ӵԪôģͲܣȻ˵ŮԽ󣬴ԪԽ񣬵Ҳ׵ĵزӨһΣ˵ӨڵԪһˮĻôľܿڵľһ
ҧһ⣬Ͻ鿴ȴľܿС̲˼ؾԪԪΧɫâЩɫâһֵͣΪЩ͵ԵʣؼһľСھ£
ΪˣڵĴԪŻô
ЩɫâҶСˣ˶ԷôľܿˣľܿĹɣ⣬ܹĴԪԷĳֶܹľԪȵľܿĴԪΪ
ߣȻҰϣҪˮһգҶС
ʱЩɫâȶˣΪԵʣЩâҲסЩԪˡ
һѤĹâɢȹסЩɫĹâЩɫâ飬ЩɫâиоһھӡǵĶ֪һЩɫâ飬¶Էڵһʱ֪
ĿǰΪ̫ˣȻöԷ֪¡
ǾޱȵԪƺˮһ뵽ڣ񹦷תţĴߣѾﵽ۷壬ǣһĤͱƣȱһʲô㣬ҶС̾һڣȻЩӴԪӡڵһѨУֻͻƵһ˲䣬Ƴӡﵽôﵽߵľ硣
ľܿڵЩԪȫҶСڣżҵЩ˲˶ʮ꣬ȴҶС硣
ʱľܿоʹŤ壬쵽ҶСнĶ
Ľ㣬˶ǳرľܿ㣬Ϊֱ˺Ĳ㣬ڵľչرԺ°빦
˺Ů˵ĴϢһ˵ɡ
ʱͯ˿ţؼˣ߿ʱˢһӺ΢΢ЩȻ֪ҶС粻һˣǣҶСԼĺѻлЩܡ
ʵŮ˶һǸŮԸ⿴ԼϲŮӻá
ҵſţܿһĻ
ԩң֪ţǵġȻߵǰ׼Źϡ
һϵĺ˲ϣȫ¾ͺһ㡣
Ҳգͷһΰɣ뵽һ߽£һ򷿼ȥ


521 ħ
в֪мǧ֮Զĵط
һޱȡɽУʽ̻Ի͡磬ЩߴķݶǰչŴİͼƽģЩңȴ̺һ
ȺУһСɱ¡ŵСԺڣһԼɵʯݣʯıϣŹӵĻƣЩӨӨâʯһ֮С
ʱʯڣһɫ۵һֻϣ˫ĿգĺڷЩݻƣϵƤҲЩ壬ͺʮˣȫһ˿ͺһ߳ĸʬ
ͻȻ䣬ûκεף˫ĿͻȻʵԵɫâĳǰĿռ˵֩һѷ졣
Χƾվ˹ɹɺƸ첲ϸľ磬ͷϿݻƵĳɢȵںīɱļѸٳӯѪΪʢòʮӣһӱΪ˶ʮꡣ
֣ղôڵľӡЩȣѵǴ
ǲһ˿һ˿վ򰡣ֻҪһ˿ˣͿԽ뵽ʥ
˵꣬һƬȣƿʥշе龰
ܳϵԺܹ˳ͻƵʥЩӦÿܶסñ˿
Ƭ̺º˫ĿֽεС
ʱһߴͣƻֺĹվڿĴڣͷĬǺݶ֮ɫ
˵еǸҶСľܿǸҶС磿ǰ⣬һһϺɫϣбųһĨʵ
ǵĴ󲮣ΪܸߣʵܺżҵŲѩ࿹⣬ͲĶ֡˵
˵һˣȤ׼侹Ȼ˵
󲮣ҪҪնзݵĹâ˵
ն²ô׵飬Ȼж־磬ô˵϶и˴ڣһɱλ˵Ĳ鷳ˡüͷ˵
ֻҪľܿ㲻ҪȵĹͷˣҳһĽޣƴ˵˵ҲҪնɱȻЩһǲֵܳģҪһȥˣĽ֣ѾԼĲ࣬ʱͲҪŬȥ
ǣ󲮣ûĻˡ˵Щʡ
˻˻֣ʾ뿪
Ȼ岻Ϊҳ֣ôԼĳ裬Լ֣Ҫļ
űһ٣ϣ㲻Ҫ̫֣ҪȻҲ䡣бųһݵĹâ
ҪӶֶļˣ
ڣҶСӵұڴϣͯľܿŮſҶС粢ţϵĻŻ֮ĳ졣
ԩҡͯšһСҶСϵ⣬ĵһۣ֡
Сܵܣû뵽ô˶ЩԲҶС緢˹ϵľܿɢĺ欵Ȼǹ˵Ļ꣬˹ڽ˹һֵĶѪڣҩҺ˫ãϵȫʧˣһӱ˺ܶ࣬ͬʮճͷŮӡ
ôǻ벻ҪҶСٺһЦ
ŮĵͷȥҶССֵи߸ߵʱӵͨˡ
û뵽ô󵨣ܿ㶼뵽󹬣Ͳ鷳𣿡ͯЦһ˵Щǡ
ٺ٣ôƯˣȲֵĻҪ˽ȵǣһúҶСһľ̵ܿͦԲ˵
СܵܣԺһЩĺãһҪ֪ǵĹϵǻɱġľܿ㵣ĵ˵ʹǵĵӣչ¶żµջ
õģ֪˵Щ˭ǲͨˣҲͨˣǵҸղŸ㴫ڵ׹𣿡ҶСһľܿĶͷ˵
Ǹղж·ͼѵ书ؼľܿɻʵ
ҶС˵ͷȻ󣬾ͰԵ˵һ飬ȻҲ˵żң˵żӵҪȢľܿԭ
ŮӶȭͷһǳŭӡ
ģҸǴڵĹǶģٶȻܿģֻҪǺúΪֵġҶСŮӵ˻С
´Ƭ̺ҶСȥϴԡҳϴһ£һȥʱ򣬱Ľѩʵϵζ
ҶСΪľܿ㻭˼ʮŵĲͼħĲͼħһ赸һ貽ħħһģľܿĹǣ̧䣬ȻħԻ˵Ļ꣬þΪ¡
貽ľܿϲ񣬺ħΪģʮӣͳ貽һٶֵı仯
պú󣬾ȻҶСʩչҶС糹׷ĻһС
ľܿ㶼貽ͯҶСһ貽˼˺ܾҶС紫һףˮ֮سɴĲŮһ˵ӣҶСпޱȡ


522 Լ
Ůһ֣һģĸ˶ܲ˫عڴϵʱϵޱĬҶС̺ƮƮɣȻҶСҲŮ˵õ˺ܴ㡣
ŮһᣬҶСȻȥЦͯľܿ㶼˲ĬǲᣬܺҶСһֱȥǣ֪ҶС粻ֻˣҶС绹ԼŮѡ
Ȼ㲻ᣬǵ˵ͷǿЦһҶСпյʱ
صƽСʱѾĵңڣŮһʳһ߳ʳһ߿ź硣
С硣ҶС˽ֻУֿɶһע⵽ˣɵĽһų˻һĲõЦݡ
ĽѩС鷳Ͷ˺ľУûע⵽ҶСˡ
С磬ͷôˣֿɶʵЩֵĿҶС硣
С磬ˣͷʱĽѩע⵽ҶС磬ҶС类յľͷʱЩȡ
磬ôѷŪӣѿС鷳˵
ûĵģҽʱ򣬶ңǿɶҰҶС翴ҶСС鷳뿪Ц˵ֿɶСЩ΢졣
ǸղſˡĽѩЩ˼˵С磬ͷôˣòһͣ
һõĻˣôȥһСıյġҶСɳһĽ͵
С磬ң׳ʲô£Ľѩ΢΢üʵľǸСϱС鷳ӹصˣȻҶС磬ֿɶҲʲôЩŵĿҶС硣
ĽѩΪŮӶĿͶҶСεЦһ£ϷԵ˵һ飬ȻЩ̵û˵
С磬ӦңһγȥʱҪСһ㣬ֻյͷûʲô󰭣ҪһˣҾ͸ݵ㡣ҶСĽѩǼΪǱҶСĸ첲˵ʱšһҶСϸҶСһ˵
ãҴӦ㣬һγȥʱһСĵġҶСĽѩС˵
ĽѩСһ죬㿪ģһ뵽ڼοҶСŮѣҲûбҪߣһԵֿɶҶСĶһ˿Ȼ
ôôʳ輸һһĶҶСʵ
ǾֺóԾˣͦϲʳġĽѩЦŽ͵
ҶСһʵ粻Ǹ˵ٳʳôǲѵԳһֻС
磬֪˴ˣԺһٳʳġС鷳Դһ֪˵ӣץһϺԼղŵĶԣϽеһϺ˲輸ϣǿͰ͵ĿҶСһۣȻ󣬽ĿͶĽѩ
ʲôףô˵ģҲϲʳѵ˵ҲԳСĽѩҶС˵С鷳ͷ
û˵ճʳʱԣȰʳԹٳʳҲһҶСװһװͰ͵ӿĽѩ
գ˵Ļеʳʱͻʳ֢ģҪĻͱģǽǸŮˡĽѩȰ˵С鷳
ĽѩĻС鷳һסͣһҪ³ӣϽȥ
һĻĽѩֿɶЦ
ôˣŮӵЦҶСֵ˵
ǹֵʱ򣬿һŮŮôߣȴر֣Ʊ֣һ׻ţԵʱӷǳѿץһѣȻʱм׻˱ǿסĽѩһ߱Ȼһ˵Щ΢΢
ֲĸӣǺǡҶСЦЦ˵һ䡣
ʱĽѩյҶС˵ξԭˣҪٸҾղףϾͰһ´˵ŻһýߵĶ
һ󣬹ΪҶСĽѩ̬ȺǣЩ΢΢ĲȻ󣬾뿪ˡ
ԼߵӵʱҶСĽѩС鷳ƽ۽ҹУеҹַϣ°ǣҳܵرĺǣ͸
ƽҵϵСԽΧ⼸Ϊֵĵطܶܶˣ·С̯ϻŵгҹΪ̫ȣԷûʲôθڣͽǶٷƵϡ
˹䵽˺ʫĵʱǼΪæµĳ棬ȥæΪʫҵĵƤŴ㣬ֻƾĸŮæ
ĽѩѾʶˣҶС罫С鷳һ¡
ҶҶСʱʫеĽãС鷳˽ʫ㣬ʫӱȽºͣͱദһͺС鷳ˡ
˰æһֱﵽʮӵʱںʫг˷ٹһͻؼˣҪǷһᣬһˣҪϿΣֻȥ
˵˷ſʱҶСĿһһŰֽҶС糶һдһ仰úŮܵʲô˺ʮ֮ǰ·
仰ҶСĿһȻвߵˣ
ʲôԼȥ·ҶС


523 ж
·̫֮һֵֵһ㶼Ե¥ҡҡ׹Ҫһ㣬Ҳƾɣ·ˮӬȺҪжģ˴ĻһĻϣ̶ȵȻҲȲϡ
Щԭǣ·̫ƫƧˣûʲôɴļֵˣҲûԸ·ö֮˿ڵ㣬
·򶫱ϲʮ׾³ƬׯڵأԷصѡطһҪڷҹڵɱڵ˼
ŮһҶСһھͳˣ֪飬ĽѩԲµһЩʲôҶСһҶССġ
뿪ƽСҶСһ··Լʮӵʱ䣬Ϳ쵽δ֪˺Լĵص㣬ʣµٶ׵ľ룬ҶСǲйȥģ֪Լͨ˻ߣ˱㲽߹ȥ
һֵһζӭҶСüͷʵ벻Ļǰмֵ߱ϣйزܹһ£ǣûᣬϾ˭ΪһûκμֵƽͶʽ
ֵͦģֵ·ɫϴȵȣƷʵ˲ҹά
ҶСǰһٶ׵ʱվһȽϸɾĵطĵȴŶԷĵ
ûйӵʱ䣬ҶС͸оһӰ˽ֵһԵ¥ϣȻƮƮȻҶС
㻹֣Ȼˡһдһ˿⡣
ΪʲôأҪвߵ˵˭ҶС绺ת˵ϤˣҶСƽŷŷġ
㿴һҲȣŷµʵĿռ΢΢ŤǸζ
ΪʲôҪȣҶС練һ䡣
ƽӣŷļΪĲˬΪҶСıֺһ㶼һҶС翴һһȻ¶΢΢־ӣǰһĻȴѳƿء
ÿΪܴλߣ뽫һжԼУǶԱƻǶĵİգܻǵİɣ
ǺǣǸ˼ˣȥǱߵĿտģĿܲһζŷһʱ˵ԵúзȣҶСǶһ㣬ֻǲ֪ʲôʱŻ¶ס
ðҶСһڴӦ˱򶫱ϵĿտׯڵȥ
ҶСŷ˽٣ŷʵ
ŷңҲǺ˽⣬ǧû˵ο֮Ҳ棬㲻ϺϤӣƺЩìܡҶСװһʲô֪˵
Ǻǣ֮Ҳûʲôìܣˣ֪֪СѾδ򣿡ŷϴº͵ЦʵעҶСϣҶСһһҶСıϿЩʲôǣҶСһƽкʧ
ŷĹ۲ȻܹоһЦŷǧûʲôδŷһһҲֻŷĺŷǧ׸ŷǧѪԵϵ֮ڣȻ֮ϣֻȥŷǧѪȺܸߣ˷ѵֻеȵиߴȵѪʱͻŷǧ֮ϡ
ҶСŷǧ֪ǣѾѪȺܸߵˣҲֹһֻǳ⣬Ҫһȥ⣬ŷǰ˵ģ󣬹ƾѡˡ
һû˵ҶСҡҡͷϵɫɺƽ
ŷһɻѵĸǧ֮ûʲôϵأûйϵ춼ˡ
ͻȻ䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬С綼ôöûо쵽ҶСʲôִڣľѣѵԷΪһҪߣôأ
ʱ˲֪Ѿߵ˿տׯڵŷٴβ쿴һ£ȷʵûзʲô΢΢üͷһ⣬Ϲҳһ˿Цݡ
Ҷص˳ɣѾˡŷ˵һгӣթȡҶСĻˣҶСʲô֣ΪϵĲƣ˶ҶСĴ󣬴Ӷ˴жϡ
ˣļٵģôһ㶼֪ҶСһɻӣɻӲװģʵʵڵɻ
߸ûʲôˣǶԷȴ˵ˣʵЩͷԡ
ҶСı飬ŷĸüͷҶСıϣҶС粻֪˱飬ôһǾ˵ԷܱҶС磬һֱô˵ҶСݾЩˡ
ɣѾоˣ㲻ĻֻҪԼ㾾ˡŷĶſյҹյ˵
ҶСֵĿŷģôˣѵǷˣΧûʲôˣô˵أ
ҶСôҲûڼŷĻڸƾļһǿߣҶС֪Ļ¶ЦĶۡ


524 ŭŷ
ŷ⣬ûˡҶСĵѵǲŷĸˡ
ҶСĻŷĵƳһۣûᣬһ˿м֮ɫ룺ԷΪޱȣҶоԷοһͨˡ
ĵȴĸû˳ŷüͷѵԷûиҶСôأԷǱҶСģӦʱʱ̿ҶС߲ŶԣǶԷܲм
뵽˿ǺһֿܣŷĿбһǳһľ⣬һɢӰͻȻ֮ñɽҪΰ·еΨһɢŵĺ⣬Χʮ׷Χڣ̵ĲҶŷΪıһεȫƮڿУȻ˲ͳ˲ĭ
ҶСվ״һ¶ûУҶСЩȣû£ܵʲô˺иӼᶨԼ뷨ԷҶСߣҪȻҶСԼһſڵϣ
ĲҾͲҶСܵ˺㻹ܲ¶棿ŷ˫Ŀ磬˵
ϣ˫Ŀ磬һӣһץ׼ץҶСĲӣУ̺ΪˣҶСһͨˣ»˲䣬ϲӡ
ŷĳֵʱ򣬸ûпһҶС磬ǾעҶСΧΧڵĿռ䣬֡᲻
ŷĵ֣ҪץҶСĲʱҶСĿбų⣬ĵʨӲöҪȫ㾹Ȼһץ˺ңֱ޴˼㡣
ҶСֽգһȭһȭ˰˷ֵŷĿֻһֵ֪
ꡣ
һͷѵŷֱӱҶС˳ȥҶСվԭһ
ȻһûзϵŷĵֱۣǣֱܵˣҲòֱˡ
ŷһվһɫзմݣĺڷҹմ˲ҶǱ
㣬ߣŷ˦˦˵ĸ첲һĶҶСʵ
ѵҾͲ𣿡ҶСϴЦʵ¶һİЩɻ󣬡㲻֪ߣ
ΪŷһԼϣԼߵǶӦ֪˵ŷԶ֪ߣףϾǸʱŷʱ̣֪ܶҲǣ˺öˣŷľȻ֪ߣЩ֡
ҶСĻǵһֱѣˣˣĺףƿһеŸУܵǿҵĴҶСĺܶϣΪҶСһЩӵͨˣȴû뵽ԷȻߡ
ŷ쳤һйеŭɫĿ£Ŀȼŭ𣬴С󣬻ûһܹѳƿأҶС¶Ĵʵ̫ˡ
ιǺʲôŵΧס񡣡ҶС˿ŹŷĵĻᣬ֪ԼŷĵĶֻ֣ܴķ֣ŷĵս
ôҪһͨˡŷϹЦݡ
˵꣬磬ͬڻƮű̲ĩӯޱȣٶȺ˲͵ҶСǰ
ҶСк𾪣ٶѾˣһңּΪͲΪһٶ似ǴʱԷٶȾȻ£˵˶Էˣʵ൱ǿҶСиˡ
ٵءŷ죬ף̽õ֣һ̧һɼΪֲķ£ϷĿռ䣬ס졣
ڴʱһȻ£۵ǹɾ޴Ȼ䣬ƺҪһ㡣
ҶС类ǹɾ޴ѹסˣҲӲѣһȫɢ貵Ѥâ㱾Ҳ˵ٵأҶСϹҳЦݣȭգֱϣѤĹâʵʣγһ¼׶
䡣һ죬ײһҶСɵļ׶飬ԷƬֻ˺ܶࡣ
ҶСٳһȭһӴŷ۵㡣
һͿжϳ˭ǿ˭
ֻôһʵ𣿡ŷһ˿ʧ֮ɫ˲ĿɱȻֱþӨһҶСǰҶС絤ﲿλץȥ
ҶС˫һУ˫ĳƬںӰŷĵֱȽʯҪӲֳɹ״ҶСץӰ顣
ϡһײ˵ƶǼӲޱȣһ˲ûзֿǽһ
ͻȻŷϹҳЦݣΪһֻѾϵˣǣȴ漣ȬˣץҶС硣
ҶСİɫ䣬ץƣСϳѪۡ
ҶС˵ͬʱҶСһţһּΪĸоܿһƵĹ켣ǣȴôҲ㲻һƳŷǰŴ󿪵ʱӡϡ
ۡһѪ˶ˡ


525 Ӱ
ŷļΪзȵĲһߵѪȻҶС޺޵˵㻹ƻ
˴˱˴ˡҶСЦһ˵ղװֻͬʱԷļӲצײһֻΪУһ˼ĽǶŷĵţԷˣֻԼҲˣԷֻ˹ͷ־ȻȬˣҶСһ£ץĸ
ȻŷĵֻѾȬˣǣҶСܸոоԷҲֻȬһ棬ȫ˵ĻҶСʱѾˡ
ҶСĻŷһԼǾӨָմѪʱΪ˦˦ЩѪҺɢˡ
ʵǿлǲŷ˵˫Ŀо䣬ڰϵǳûҽźݺһ壬¡¡죬ӰʧֻӶΧؼ
˵ٶȻһ£ҶСͶ㲻ֻܺͶԷӲʵԷŷĽһΣ͸оһɾ壬ԵĴݻڵࡢ;
ȥУ綼ҪܵģҶСҪķˣһľһһֱ̣ŷĵüġ
ŷĸû뵽ҶС绹츳ߣһӱˣ˫ĿᣬҶСĳȵѤâɢȻȻϣͬʱԵԪأͻȻһ̡
ƾűܣŷĶọ̃ǣҶСȴӡţΧһƾ赲ҶСУֻ赲סҶСʮ
䡣ŷıҶСһķ˳ȥܵ˲̶ͬȵ˺
ȿȿȡŷĵлָȳ˼ѪȻվ𾪵ĿҶС磬㡭㾹Ȼ츳ߣ
ܺãܺãû뵽оȻҾҪڴˡŷЩʵ˵ҶСϿ˾޴ǱȻҶС粻Ķ֣ǣҶСһʱɳµʱǶ֡
ǾҪǸʵûСҶСǳƽ˵Ȼش˶ԷǣͬսѾˣŷѾ֪츳ߣսʱһעģٴʹ츳ߵļܣþûεЧôˡ
ҶСǲ׼¶츳ߵݵģȷʵŷĵĶֻչ¶һЩƣȻҲҪŷĳ׵ڴ˵أԵļܣǣûǸʵɱŷģŷ᳹׷ġ
ѡҶС˫Ŀзһ߲ʵĹâŷĽµȻѿѳѷ죬ֱ۵ֱ̳ŷģͬһʱ䣬ҶС˫ֻɢǿΧ̵ĲҶȫ£˹һֻɫĳŷķȥ
ŷƿ˵ѳѷλã˫һ̶ʱѣΪ˴ԪһС
ҶɵɫһգһȭӶǵɫĳֱӱ飬Ҷ裬ͦҶУЩҶΪȲʡ
ʱҶСĹûнЩҶȻĵУݺݵŷĳȥ
ŷǰ̤һһεɢЩҶڵһߵľǣȫ˷ĩ
㻹ʲôֶΣһʹɣŷһмɱΣ˵꣬һ˫趯ľӨצץҶС硣
ҶС˫ƻӶŷĶսȵ˽ִɢҹ磬ġ
ʱÿ䣬ҶС϶һѪۣİɫѾȫѪɫ
䡣ŷһȭҶСؿϣҶСһұϡ
ҶСҷ˳ȥ³һѪ
ŷϳһ˿ʹұ۽ǳ׵òˣһҶС˹ҶСϽ壬ֹҶСܵҪŷؼ֡
ҶСٶռʲôˣϲ˼ҵĶ֣ƾǴеķḻͶԷţô죿ѵҪóԵ츳ܲɣҶС
ֻҪΣĹͷá
䡣һֻȭͷҶСԴϣıǣǱͷ͡
ŷĵӰУƱЩʲô
ʱŷĲһСֳצҶСĲץȥҪĺ
צ춼ǣЩͷԴʱЩצҶСиܼǻˡ
Ժжʱĵԭˣң㣬Ӱ
ʱŷĵצһ׾ҪҶСĲˣεҶСĲӣ϶˼Ѫۡ
ץסҶСĲӣݺһҶСǲһ飬ǹ졣


526 ŷĬɱ
ҶС岢ûеϲӣѪӿͬһʱŷд󾪣з첨ˣղŻôһ˲Ĺͳһ
ͻȻһΣյϢǹΣյϢͷͷûз־һƣֻˣûҶС硣
žʱһİŷϳһӡҶСӰǰ״
ŷľˣû뵽ҶС羹Ȼܴһơ
ղţҶСͨңĵ㣬Ӱٶȴܹƶʱ򣬻ûһӰղҶСԾٶȶŷĵĹһַȵרŸһִһֻ֣ȴǹâ̺һ˿ûɱ⣬뵥ĴһƣŷҲûע⵽Ȼ󣬳ɹҶСһƴϡ
ҪɱŷĵĻŷһܵǹɱ⣬ʵȻܹסˣҶСҲֻòȡַʽһ
裬ĳ裬ŷһ֣Ȼһ˴һ⣬ҪǴ˳ȥôأ
ҶС磬죬ɡŷ׺еƷһҶС˹ȥ
ʱҶСѾǸղŵҶСıˣҶСٶȱղɣٶȿľˡƾŷĻӶצǺ˺ҶС硣
ȻҶСҲ˺˶൱
СͱܡŷļҶСٶ˺ܶ࣬Է·ûߵĺ
׳գ治֪ƾʲôǧø磬޴ҪѵһԼĳƴҶСЩӵ˵
㡭ȻҶС˵ĺеǣҶСĻŷĲѪ
ŷ죬ͣ־Ө񣬾䣬ÿλӶ֮ҶСˮе㣬ŷߣλսǿ
Լʮӵʱ䣬ΧԲһ֮ڵıɫׯȫһ
䡣һ޴˵嶼˳ȥЩҡεڴڵĴʱڵķѵĲˣƶ
ŷĵͷɫװ϶ѪЩҶСģЩԼѪ̺ĺ⣬ЩʺΡ
ҶСҲһǱӣɫĶòѪۣȻѪˣǿޱȣҶСȫԶϵģ˿ڴȴһֵֹ˿ڵϣĻȫԽǹǣΪŷǰŲʱ
ͻȻ֮䣬ŷָҶСЦЦҶСӡ
Цʲôôˣ㲻ɱҶС紭˵жһ˿ĺòҲ֪ܵصˡ
ɱ㣿һһҲҶ֣ŷЩм˵԰׵Ҳܿܵ˺صˣһս˿˵ܾˣϸ˵ҶСܵһЩϾҶСԷʵвġ
ҶС˵ҿûٶ˰ɣ
ŷģѵ֣㿴ǱӣҪж滹һͷײˡı黹һӡ
㻹һģͷӣڱøͷˣ˳ӣһ⡣
սˣûֿʼ˴̡
飬ֻҪͻҶСһתΧľĸ֮һ˵ţŷתһЩ̼ѪҺ
㻹򲻴ĻҾˡָһЩʵҶС˵
б򡣡ŷ˵
׳աҶСһȻ󣬾ȥ
˵ʲô˵һ飿ŷŭ
ҶСûǰȥҶСȥıӰŷкǲʣǣôѵҪսɣ֪սȥѾû壬Ͼ˭Ҳκβ˶ԷȻðͬھ뷨ҪȻ͸ղһûȻֹͣ
ߣȻκ㲻ãϣһᵱһɱ㡣ŷǺݺݵĹâ
¸߹ңǳӰ㿣ҶСһ߷ٶǰţһŶеɺ쳾֮Ϊ
ҶСߵ³һƫƧСʱͻȻͣס˽Ų˫ĿбųõĹâһڰȵ˭
ҶСĻ£ɫӰӴԵķ£ŽҶСΧסƳһЩˣЩ˵ΪǺģʵ൱ĸߡ
ҶСֻǿһЩˣȻͰĿͶһʼǴڰ֮أһŲһɫĲ˿װ˴ӺڰĽ˳
ӰҶСĿһ쾳ĸ֣
ʲôˣҶСʵЩء
ŷŷĬ˵


527 Ѫ
ŷĬŷΪʵ߹ڰ˵ղҶСŷսʱŷĬҲ˭Ҳκε˭
֪ŷҪɱҶСľĺǿǱԶҶСĶԱʱıĵص㡣
ŷˣҶС˫ĿһųĵЩصĻʱսڵ͹֮ʱŷһҪɱҡ
ŷĬĵ˵ͷк䣬ɱȻһֵĶ
ǰɫĵͬǵͷȻҶСȥޱ飬ɢŨҵѪζǽʵļ߸߹һ֪̺żΪֲı
˸ŷʿ沫ɱһ쾳һĸ֣ĿǰԸ´ࡣŷĬƽ˵ɢһɳȵĹâѾȺĳ棬Ѿһ˿Ť
ҶСһƬʱʵڵ͹ʱΣԸ⼸ȷʵҪأ˵һСģͻ﷭
˸ĮӾͺǶһ㣬ͬһʱ䣬һȭɲǼ䣬ҶСоһɾ޴ѹܣѹѪһ󷭹ûǰҶС統Ȼ£ֻǴʱѾˣǵȭҶС͸
ҶСڰ˽֯ȭشעҪһԻŷĬϣ˭⵽ǸһʲôʱһС
һɹâҶСɢ۳һâõĳתѤĹâҶСӶƬĵӰ죬ҶСĳոտһˣ˵Ĺ͵ˣ֮ϵޱĬҶСֻ㿪Щ˲ҪҪ
˼κҶСһ취ûУҲˣ˸˶֪һͬ˶£ѾﵽͨĵزЩɺȥ綼Ҫġ
Ҷ־ܰɣ˵үһŷĬҶСЩǱҶС˵
Ź𣿡ҶС糰һС˵˫Ŀкһʹң㣬Ӱװһ˹ȥѾһǰӶ䣬նȥ
û˿ӣȥ
â첲ֱӱԴѪԷԴһ㣬ն룬ԽѪҺΪһ塣
ʱ˲ŷϵˣֻϧѾˣһ˵Եʣ֮覴ã౻ˣƺܲҶСӰӹ첲˵ϣѪֱ
ʧȥ첲ֻüͷûиоʹһ㣬ҶСȥѪҺڰરવĵ䡣
̡ҶС̴ӵȻûǼˣǣȴһӴǵͣҶСһвóһӾͱϣӶ˳ת۾Ͷһ̲ѪҺ
ڶӳһ˵˫ֱӱնϣѪֱǣԷ˫ֳ壬ҶСȥҶС̧һȣ˵ֱӱݻ٣Ϣʧ
ת۵ʱ䣬ɫĵӾͱҶСնȥʱҶСĺҲгһΪҶСڡ
ʧȥˣʣ֮ϲûܽʵһ𣬷˲٣ҶС˻ᡣ
ҶСһ磬ԼٶһǰʳָڶԷüģԴֱը˿һƬѪ꣬ҶСѪˣϰϼȫȾˡ
ѾʿŷĬһۣһһڵһҶСȥ££һ㡣
׼ɱһӵҶС磬ϽһԷĹΧ
䡣һ޴춯
ӱŷĬˣֱӰĳͺֲ걾ѪĽֵǽ϶˼Ѫϳһ޴İӡ
ȻŷĬĹûйҶС磬ǣǳҶСһѪɫӵĲ԰ޱȣ嶼Щҡҡ׹ʱҪڵϡ
㻹𣿡ŷĬЦĿҶС˵һһҶС˹
˵أҶСƽ˵ͻȻ䣬˫ĿбųõĹâŭ񳱡
ǿľƲһɢŷĬһͣλҲһ͵ӣҶСҧҧ⣬ЩԺԴһ£һŷĬǰһ˳ȥλá
ŷĬ嵹˳ȥһѪĿЩȻȻûбҶСݻ࣬Ҳյ˺صˣҶСںֱƻһпƻ֮
ŷĬҶСûͣˣһץһԴݺһԴѣѪҺɽû赲ҶС϶ѪĲˡ
ʱҶСͬħȫԡѪܾήңҡΣǣȴȻǿվš
˵ŷĬվҶСĿǼɵͿ־壬û뵽ҶС羹Ȼ˹ԼǴˣһʼʱͳ֣Ҳӡ
Ȼ֪ҶСѾǿ֮ĩˣȴðգֻһ˾ʲôҲûˣŲϣ
ҶСȷʵѾƣˣŷĬһۣȻת³ƽСķȥ
ŷĬҶСҡεıӰ˽ȭͷ˿ջûж֡


528 ˻
ƽСװ޵ķǳϸĿڣĽѩһ߿ŵӣһ߳ʳʱʱſڣкܵģһʱؿҶСϳһŰֽʲôȻҲûʣֱҶС˵ԼȥµʱĪЩġ
ʱѾ賿һˣҶѾȰ˵˯ˣԼ˶ٴʳǣҶС绹ûл
С磬С磬ôĽѩȻץһС׹ͼΪŵСУʹҧţҪǹ͸жĳһ㡣
ںгصĽŲӵеǴͣϽſСȥ͸èһƹҶСһѪŵĽѩʧɫϽš
ʱ׿ҶСʱӣֻҶСһҰףɫĶúؤõ·ѾȫȾˣץֲۣ֮ҲѪҺ
ûɣҶСǿ˵մѪϻҳһ˿Цݣ˫ĿͣգţҪԹȥƱеСʱҪڵϣҶСǰ߳һȻĿſϡ
С磬ôӣҶСΣĽѩкƵһ㣬ҶСϵЩ˺ͬתƵϣĽѩ˹ȥϽסҶС硣
һɼΪŨѪζĽѩıǿףĽѩŻ³ǿš
ȥҽԺ˯һᡣҶСһ׼ĽѩľǣһϻѪҺջ֣ǸһЦ˵˵۾һգ˹ȥ
ŷĬսѾеľҲݽߣ߻ǿǿ־֪Լܵ˴ϣһˣΣˡ
С磬С磬㲻ҪңѡĽѩ᲻ԼˣҡҶС纰
ҶСϵѪҺȻҶСಿλо΢΢һó˵绰׼120һ뵽ҶСĵ绰ͽ绰
ĨĨˮҶС磬ҶС˷䣬ҺãҶС紫ڵĹһ涼˺ܶ౶ҪȻҶС硣
ʱĽѩҶշŴˣҶմ˯˳ΪղĽѩĺҶСҶա
ԼĸѪҶչŽѾӸϽ˹ȥСϾǵ֮ɫۿоӨˮת
ѩ㣬ôˣҶյЩʵһ˿Ŀǻ
Ľѩҡҡͷ۵ĿҶСһۣҶ˵һ˷Сط䣬ȥһˮ
õģѩ㡣ҶյĵĿһԼĸ磬Ȼ󣬸Ͻܵ䣬ȥˮ
ĽѩΪĽҹҶС˴ϣһҶСϣƤⶼ˺ۣ᲻
ǿǿĽѩһҪǿСڻˣ㲻˷ִ磬ĽѩԼԼ
ѩˮˡҶսһˮϣȻ󣬽˴ߣг˵Ļʹġ
Ľѩ˲ᣬ˵ͷΪҶСȥѪܵ·ҶҲȥæΪҶСĿѾȫѪȾ͸ˣϣҶһѼ
ĽѩùҶСļҶСĿӡ
ѩǰѸͽҽԺɣ綼ôصˡҶһ߲ҶСһ˵ЩʹģЩĽѩĲԼĸˣѩ㾹ȻͽҽԺҲ֪ѩôģ
СղŻǰȥҽԺ˺ѰҵĽѩ͵ҶյĽѩҲһ֡
ĽѩĻҶնʱˣǸĿһĽѩԼĸ塣
ҶСĿȫĽѩͬڿ㣬ҶСǸ߸ߵʱ԰׵ϣֳһ˿Σĵˣ¡
ʮӵʱ䣬˽ҶСȫѪҺͲɾˣһɾĴ
ҶСϺһ˺ۣĽѩĸһ£ÿһ£оͻʹһ֣һʲôһߣϽԼķ䣬˰ɫҩ࣬ͿĨҶС˿ϣҶΪҶС˿ڡ
һкĽѩͺҶڷУȴҶС
ĽѩĸҶСӣЩĿҶС磬ǵǰĬԣȻͬǣȴٺ˵ܺߣһŮ˵죬ԴޱֺԸͱˣôĵСҲôߣüǿϣûġƤӦΪ˹ԭɣʱ룬ûжã㲻ỨģҲҵġ
Ľѩڴ߾ĿҶС磬˵֮¡


529 ĵ
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Ҷһѵϣ˯ǵ֮ɫҲҶСһҹ˿ʱ䷢Ѿˣվһ½Ӳ壬ߵĽѩ˵ѩ㣬㶼˵һҹĻϢһ°ɣҪǸ翴ӣһ۵ġ
ҶյĻ󣬺þĽѩֹͣ˵ȻŤͷҡҡͷ˵˯š
գȥϢɣС硣Ľѩ㲵ϴ֮ɫ˵Ļ˵꣬ͻȻ䣬һʧȥ˻Ŀɢ˹ʣղоԼҶС΢΢һ¡
Բ㵣ˡʱҶС˫ĿЩǸ˵
ҶСĻĽѩĿƵҶСϣɢϤâʱĿǼǿģԹ
ҶտԼĸ˹۾ҲʪˣкܿģԼĸԼеһУҶСôصˣʹѵһϵʱ䣬ʱԼĸ˹еȻˣ˵ԼĸĻУĽѩѾſҶСϣ뿪˷䣬ռԼĸѩ㡣
˺ˣˣٿ۾ͱɺˡҶСĽѩ˳˿˵
ҾͿޣҾͿޣءĽѩʹһ󣬲ֹͣ˿̧ͷҶСһۣȻſҶСļͷصҧһڡ
ҶСʱüһۣһ΢Цӣ֪ĽѩΪһϣʹһϣЩ΢΢Թˡ
Ľѩ̧СԴֻҶСļ϶һɵӡѪҺ˳ҧҶСļĽѩеԹȫйˣҶСļѾѪˣɫЩţҶСûֵ˼һϽһùֽҶСزš
𣿡ĽѩῴҶСʵ
Ů˾ˣԹ󣬸ͲʲôǣеԹɢֻСˣˮ
㿪ұ㿪ģʹұʹࡣҶС˫˫֣Ľѩ˵
ĽѩĿҶСһۣȻͷҶСĻС
ѩܴܲӦһ£ҶСĽѩ˵
ʲô£ֻҪҪ󣬺ʲôֵҪҶӦġĽѩ°֧ҶСǰ˵˫֮ɫ
ܴܲӦұˣҶСװһ˵Ȼ֪Ľѩݵġ
ҶС仰Ľѩ¶һĨЦ⣬ϵʱҶС˵ҶСԺȥ˲СˣݵҶС硣
ҾҪݵ㣬˭㲻ҵĻĽѩĵһҶС˵
ԺһĻģôķϣͲҪݵңòãҶСһ˵
Ľѩװһ˼ӣһ˵ôص˵ķϣҾһΣһΣҾݵ㣬ʱݵ㣬Ҳһ´
˵꣬ĽѩЩĿһҶС硣
ѩһҹû˯ϽϢһ°ɣҶС縧Ľѩ˵ĽѩеĵģЦЦ˵ģѾˣûˡ
˿ҶСȷʵѾˣǣ˵ͷʱ򣬹ҶѾ˯ˣȥʱ½Ҷվѡ
˯ҴϰɣҪȥһ£콫ƵáҶСӴսӽסˣδڣСֵܸ߸ߵһ죬ŭһԵĽѩһ죬Ȼ˳ȥһ仰Ҹȡ·ȥ
Ľѩ뿪ӰҶСЦЦԼ·ڴͷ³ڣǣĽѩȴܳȥˣЦѡ
ҶСʹѣʹ̣ȻѾ˹ͻָܿ³һڿͶ̿㴩ϣúһ˫Ь߳˷䣬ֻĽѩڿɳϡ
Ѿ·ˣϽȥϢϢҶСЦЦ˵
ĽѩվҶСһۣȻҶСķȥߵҶС緿ſڵʱ򣬻ͷЩĵʵûˣ
Ȼģѵһƭ㲻ɣֻҪƭ㣬ˡҶСЦ˵
ĽѩһЦ߽˷䣬뷿󣬲û˯ǣȸһ绰һ٣Ͼ쿪ѧһкбҪġ
ȻĽѩû˵ҶСˣֻ˵Щ鲻ȥѧУˣ󣬶Ӧˣ˵һЩĻ
Ľѩ˷䣬ҶСһ˳ȥ¥룬ϣ׼Ҷ˳ͣһҪ˵ӣȻǲû˯ţﻹǣҶС硣
ҶС簲οһ˵һѻҶȻ߽˷Ϣ
ʱҶС˫Ŀڿеĺ쳾ָ֮ƺ


530 ʫ
һšŵɽ֮ıڣѪŷڱ̵ĲݵϣתŷһеĹѪҺΧռеëн룬ڽѪҺУٽѪҺĻָ
ʹûʲôŷһѪҺὥߵʱв䣬еʱͱȽ
ǼһŷȱǣںܶඥĹϰʱ䣬Ŵ׹׹ĴڣѪҺٶȾӺָܶ࣬ٶҲӡ
ŷĵϢڵơָѪҺеʱɫ΢΢Щ԰׵ŷĬ˹ͣŷǰʮ֮ĵطͣ
ϻصŷĬ׼ŷĻ㱨ҶСֻǣŷܵˣڵϢĹؼʱ̣ܴţοҲܵˣҪϢղŸоѾ˺ܶ󣬾͸˹
ãŷΧ£ͻȻɢˣ˫ĿһĨһŷĬʵĬ壬ʲô£
үҴʿҶСȥ·ϽɱʧˣʿɱˡŷĬͷЩֵ̿˵ŷĹ
ŷзĹʣûйŷĬȻʿҪ˽һЩҶСҲ㹻ˣοŷĬôģȻΪ˸ľͷһʿŷĬ
ŶȻôǿһսˣȻɱϵޱĬʿҲˣʵȷʵľŷĿԶ˵
үҹܵ˱ҪصĶ࣬ټɱ˰ʿĺأҪҪȥɱŷĬʵ
ŷЩģǣͻȻ뵽ҶСĳ裬ɫÿðŭĹâƬָ̣Ϸһ˿΢Цã˵ˣɱοʹҲôףҪϺݺݵµ˶֪ҶС粻ŷĵĶ֣ȻɱǸʱ򣬼ʹˣҲ£Ͼġ
ǣүŷĬ˵
ˣȥɣһҪϽϢһƣҲȥϢһưɣŷĻ˻˵
ллүġŷĬͷ˵Ȼ˿
ҶС磬û뵽ͦӲģҲãԽɣŷбųһĨ⣬Ȼ󣬺˫ĿָѪҺе
ƽСҶС¥ϣ˫ת񹦣ƽ۽ĺ쳾֮ҶС£ϲŭ塢ޡУ㡢ζȫۼҶСΧڵĿռУ²˭ѽΧᱻӰ죬Լкв԰Ρ
֮ѽҶСھͱΪһΪһСֽ뵽һֽȫλ޸
ʱҶС˺۵İɫɴȫը˿צϵҶСֱ˺۸ϸۿٶȷţһ˺۾ˣ˰̣Ҫȫãƻʱ䡣
ÿʱỵ̈ҶСڵƶڲϵػָţͥоӨ͸ɢ˵ѤâȻǹâȴһһš
ҶС羲ĵƵʱһи꼶ѾϿˣ߽˽ңƤӵҶСλÿյģЩȻĽѩѾ˼٣Ǹоֹ֣пյġ
Ľѩٵʱ򣬲û˵Ϊʲôֻ˵£ʣһµʲôܲϿΣǴͷ׼ҶСѧУ󣬺úøһοΡ
ʫҶСûͷ˿ĽѩҲ٣Щ֣ߵʱ򻹺úõģô컹ûѧУѵǳʲôˣʫȻ֪ҶСǵĲѣһڿʱĲɣӢʦʲô֪
ҶСͬʦѾˣҶС绹ûиоЩ֣ȱһߵĶ󣬻˵һˡ
ޱ͸ӵĸˣеģּʣ˿˿Թޡ
ԼӵʱĽѩ˹ɫָ˹΢ϴһ¾˳ȥҶСŵѤâʱûиҴţ֪ҶСˡ
Ľѩ¥˴Լʮӵʱ䣬һϴ˻ȥķʱС鷳Ҳˡ
׼ȴҶСһԵģѾһһҹûгԶˣοҲ֪ҶСʲôʱܴ״̬ѹȳ
ԼߵʮֵʱҶСѤâȫڣһ˫Ŀһ˫ǳ
ŮӰѵӣſڣҶС磬Ϲâʧ϶һĨϲɫ
С硣硣ͬʱһҶСŤͷһЦЦȻ󣬾ͰĿͶ¥ݿڡ
ֻһױߵ׺ͼذ׳ȹĺʫ


531 ƻָ
ʫ¥ݿĽѩ˿ʫٿ˿ҶС磬ĿзĹâɷϣʫò˿ѷɫԺյļۺʫ
ǸŮ˺ҲǸеŮŮ˵ֱоʫҶСкøУҶСҲЩøУϾǸ˲ϲƯŮӣһֱӱ⣬Ĳȥ룬£һҶС뿪
ʱʫˣ϶ǼСûѧУеģ΢΢Щ⣬ˣվ˹ȥʵʫôˣ
ĽѩĻʫЩңȻҶСûУʱȻ˵
ǽûϿΣһΪǳʲôˣʫ˵Զᣬ˵꣬ĿͶҶС磬ҶСǺһ˺ʱȻ䣬ʹ崿ŵľձò԰ޱȡ
һ˵ҶСĻУǿֲ˺ֻۣǣĽѩܣܸҶС鷳ֻǿеǹɳ嶯
С磬ôôصˣʫҶСһĵ˵ʱıֻͬѧֹ֮ģȴǿҵʹ࣬۾Ĵܷӳĵеı仯ȻЩǸ⣬϶ܴпĵС
ĽѩܹʫаĸУеǹŨˣһ뵽ҶСҲû˵ʲôǿһЦ˵ģȽȥСȥ
Ȼһڣ뽫ʫҶСһοռ䡣
Ľѩ߽˷䣬ʫǵģĽѩҶС糳ܣԲС磬ҲҪǵģһûѧУҺܵġ
Ҫ˵Բ㲢ûжԲңҶԲ㣬ңҺܿġҶС˵źʫŲ԰׵ľգ˵ۡ
С磬Щ˻𣿡ʫʵ
ˣңͲˣˣûµģҵȽ⣬ƹЩ˺۾ͻȫָҶСЦЦ˵
ȻҶС˵ģرģ󣬺ҶС˴Ӻ󣬺ʫ뿪ˣĽѩˣߣĸһæҪϽȥæ
¥¿ȥʫӰ·£Ķ£۰
ʫˣƬ̺Ľѩ˳ʵ
ҶС˵ͷܹоĽѩиӵУЩ֮ɫ
˵ҸʲôǲʲôԲҵ飬ˣĽѩߵҶСǰϹҳһ˿ǳЦ
аǿǼѩƯĿתĿҶСһͻȴһƽ֮ɫ˵˵꣬һͽĽѩĻУĽѩϡ
˻ûкأͱˡĽѩֵĿҶСһ˵Ȼ׼վҶС˫ֽرͶˡ
𶯣һҵ˿ھͻۡҶСװһ΢΢ʹ˵ҶСĻٿҶСı飬ĽѩԹԵҶСҶС籧
ʫǸǳŮӣҲܺãѵͲģĽѩѯҶСͺʫ֮顣
ģȻİ֮˽֮ҾûǼҵѩáҶС޳ܵ˵ȻĽѩǸոշͦķ͡
Ľѩһ𣬸ϽҶСĻˣܽ˷䣬һ˰ɣȥһЩˡ
ĶӵĽѩҶСһ˿Ц⣬Цȥ΢΢̾һܹоĽѩѾȷĺʫ֮Ĺϵ򵥣ǣĽѩûֱʳӰ쵽֮ĸɣ
ԼʮӵʱĽѩˣҶС˳ȻΪҶСι
ǼѩķǺóԡҶСһڣ佱ǰĽѩķ͸ԲɣֵϷŵ̫ˣֵϷŵ̫ˣʱ򣬲˻ûгͳˣȻҲʱ򣬾ͳˡ
Դסһ󣬸С鷳ֿɶѧϰգгȻ˵ϿɿڣǣѾǰʲ¶ӡ
ҶСĿ佱ĽѩϲЦտи֮ĸŮӶϣõԼϲ˵Ŀ佱
Ľѩʰ˵ӣȻ˳
ѩѧȥҶС˵뵢Ľѩѧϰ׼ԼڼĽѩһѧģЩģֻҲ׼һȥ
У˻ûкãѧȥ֪㵣ҵѧϰҿڼԼϰӰ쵽ѧϰġĽѩҶСȥѧУ
ҶСֻͬڼﾲĵƣתۼֹ죬ҶСѾ߰˰ˣҲָ߳ɣЩ˺ȫһӲ裬ȴʱǹһƬܹˡ
Ѿ˺ܶ࣬Ľѩһ£׼ڶѧȥֿɶҶСĽѩ˵ȵȣҶСһ̾õŮӡ


532 һ̵
ģһ糿ʮ־ˣ˸Ժһֽţ̣дһɡƽҵֽֿȥ
СԵʣؼһƬɣǴһ˿Ҳƽ˲١
һ꣬˶еΣ˶֮ĸ飬ֵϣŮŮһɡСӵȴȴųĵ
ҶС첲ĽѩϣǰаɡǺܴɡǡýС굲סһࡢܰޱȵĻ档
ߵƽҵֽֿڵվƵʱͻȻ䣬ҶСŤͷһ˶ϡٵҵϣ׺Сİɫȹĺʫ˹һǳɫɡ紵𣬳ȹҡҷͬҡҷĶ㣬ɽһü䣬һɵİ֪Ϊ˭鶯峺ЩԣĹ¶ϧ
ĺʫҶСġֽɡƳƳּȵϣţһһأųԹĹУһɫһķҷһǳаԹԹ塣ȵֽɡһһأĬĬţĮ壬ꡣ
˾ǶôеǸŮӣĮꡣ
վ¼еˣʱĺʫסˣأǣȴɢһϧ۵ʡ
ÿ˵ֻдͣϧûµĹâĽѩҲЩۡ
·ϬʫȺҵǸϤԵӰǳǳһЦͬĲãķҷҶСߵĽѩʱһ˿ã˲ͻָ˹
˹ɡҶСеɡཻ˺Щ𣿡
Ȼֻȼ֣ȴ͸¶ŨŨĹĺ͵ģĽѩ֪ʫҶСкøУǣʱһ˿ĴⶼûУһּΪϧĸо
ѾõĲˡҶСЦЦ˵飬һûеУоҶСе飬ʫٴǳǳһЦǷĵĸϲá
ʫҸоЩر𡣡ĬƬ̣Ľѩ˵
ʲôرģǺһʫĽѩһһΧе˶ĿͶˣǾޡ
һſڵʻ˹˳
վ£ÿ˵жЩźЩᣬ࿴һǸ۵ŮӣмȽϴˣΧ˵ЦΪ˺ʫƬ
ߵʮҵʱ򣬹ʻһſڣĽѩͺʫһɡҶСƲҶСЦһ¡
߽Һ˶ԼλϣĽѩλȥʱҶСšһ£ҶСҲ֪Ϊʲô
ûͬӣ޸߰ǹҪĸоһʫʿţûпʫδʡ
⼸ôûѧУҶСͿʵͬʣƽ⼸ҶС粻٣Щϰߣͬѧû˵һ仰ʱҶСĪĸо㣬ģƳʵһ㡣
Ǻǣ⼸ЩҪûҶСЦ˵Щ⣬ǴһѧϰĻ⣬ǰ
ŤͷҶСһȻ顣
ҶСմóӢ飬ʫݸҶСһӣдһԲ壺С磬ԺעⰲȫСһ㣬ԼˣˣҺʹпܣҺϣϵ˺תƵϡ
ҶСһжڱһдһעģģҲʹģװСʫʫֺ滹һЦ
ʫӹӣ˺ϧ۵ľϸֳһ˿Ρ
ķӣҪϿˣһ߷ֿĶ˽ҶСԼλϵʱ΢΢һ㶣˲ָ˹ǽʦʱѧǵĿⶼͶϣ΢е춯ᱻѧ쵽˵һЩĵѧͻһЩʲôԵϢ
ڶվڽ̨ʱҶСգգ۾¶һĨЦ⡣
ͷαʱ򣬲ɫĵҶСһۣȻ󣬿ʼΡ
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ʦʲô£߳ҺҶСߵǰһЦʵ
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⼸ЩҪԾ͡ʦ⼸ĿҾû£дʡҶС˵
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ݣݣųвҶСֻ˵ԼˣȻ䣬öῴ첲ѾӲ˺ۡ
ҶСˣۣĹһ£ȻͺݺݽҶСһ١
¿ʱŷŹҶС硣
ҶС׼ؽҵʱͻȻԼĺװ˽ͷϲŰɫɴ֪ǳʲô¡


533 װ
ԴӿѧҶСûټװӰ쵽ҶСѧϰװҲûû뵽һμװȻҲˣͷϰһɴ
ΪҶСİ༶ڵĽѧ¥ϣ߽ѧУ󣬲ûпҶС磬¥¥ݵλȥ
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ҶС˵ͷߵǸΪСͨ
װӿڴóһǮһеİɳóһôţһڣ³Ҳ֪Ҹͻϵʱͻ͵һ￪սҹȥҸ磬ùͷ
ģҪ㲻ʲôװһЦ˵
ҶСüͷͻ͵һ￪չϢһҲ֪˲ͨˣԼѾЩȫºƴˣƳºΪЩС£ܴˣҲûи˵
װԺǲҪͽȥˣѵĲ׼ѧˣҶСʵ
ֲǲ˽ңҲϲѧϰѧϰˮƽר߶ϲˣοϴѧôװ˷Ѽʱ䣬ͷǹң˵Ҳỹܸʲôװݺݵĳһ˵Ρ
аȵĹûһԸִɱɱҲʵĶһȺεˣֻƾһǻѪһĳڶɱһѪ·ɾԼ
Щϴޣǣĵʹм֪أҪ£Լĳɵʱ򣬴ӱͱһҲıһݻ٣ΪάǵĵλǲòرںڰǮŮˡ
ȻҶСҲóװеΣҲˣһ⣬ûʲôܣȥ󣬹Ҳܵ˵Ҫ񱣰żˣˡ
ˡװ³һ̣ṉ̀һһҶСϣҶСһЩüͷ˵˻֣ɢǰ
ҶСĻװе̵˵ϣ̧źݺһйеĿơ
С磬ͱȰˣҺ㲻һѧϰɼԺܳΪҵĿ˲ţǰ;һƬûʲô£ֻܴСĻ𡣡װЦЦҶСļ˵
Ĭ˺ܾãҶС翴װɫӵʵĲϲ飬һ죿
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ǵģѾ¶ˣҸбҵܲܿϴѧҶˡװᶨ˵
װĻҶС΢΢̾һʵûУ
˵һɣͻһﶼйͻÿζǴʤЩأǵĹǰͻˣľͲ֪ˣͻ͵һ˺ܾöûеǵĵϸΪǱȽϵ͵Ҳ̰ģΪҲû׼뵱ͻ͵һֳʤʱҲǶԷﶯֵʱС磬ʲôװЩɻʵ֪ҶСͻȻʲô
Һͷ˺죬ĻҶС˵
С磬ѵ˵ģҶСĻװЩÿǱ˵仰ֱӷˣͻһҪǼⲻֵ
С磬ҪǮĻֻҪǽܴһܰæģղ˵ҼͲҪˡװɫЩ䣬ҶСлЩʧ
һֱҶСʦֵܣǣȴû뵽ҶС羹ȻˣΪǮȻȥ
ҲȱǮװȱҰѻ˵ꡣҶС翴װĲˣ͵
Էﲻ˽⣬˽⣬ԸĻʱһͳеǲ뿴ԺʧȥȰ˵ȥġҶС翴װ˵š
ʱһͳе仰̫ˣҪ˽ҶС磬֪ҶСѣὫҶС統Ƿӡ
Ȳ۵һ˵ͻҲжʮʷˣ̷ǳ񣬺ͺܶԱ䱳۴ӣǣһȫźܶ˵棬Ҫͻ̸ףҪж˵һ˰ϰɣ䱳ǸӣһЩ˸ͲԸ⿴һﱻ
ͻ͵һƻΪǾñҪʱҪһЩɫƣһЩ˲Ҫǲϴ


534 չ
һͻ۴ӣҪǣͳһеҪжıͲ˵˵ġ
ȻأҪһͳеֱǳ˵Σǲܵ飬װϹҳһ˿Ц⡣
С磬ˣѾǰʶǸľګʵСˣԴ̰룬ϣܱԭԼװЩʹĵ˵
֪㲻˵Ļа취šװĻҶС絭һЦû⣬˵꣬ҶСָž˶ʮֻԶһ鲻ʯש˵װǿʯûУ
˳ҶСָķȥֻǽԱһһʯ֪ҶСʲôҩǻشˡ
Щͷ
ٿûСҶС絭һЦ˵
ҶСĻ˿ǿµʯȻ漣ʧˣ۾ȷʵѾʧˣ̫˼ˣĿͶҶС硣
ʱҶСֻ˻ΣװĿһǿʯ֪ʲôʱȻܵҶСУ𾪲ѣ֪ҶСġ
װ𾪵Ŀ⣬ҶСЦЦһգеǿʯȻȫҶСճ˷ĩ
ҶС羹Ȼͽ־ͽӲޱȵʯճ˷ĩôܲأȻ֪ҶСܴʵˣû뵽ҶСôҪ֪ʯð˰ңֻ飬ҳɷĩ
С磬ǣװɵʵ벻ͨǿʯôͻȻҶСС
ҸղԾٶƶʯ˹ҶСЦЦ˵һƾʧˣȻ󣬳£һץһƬҶͳҶСС
ҶСûͣٴƾʧֳװǰָһеҶƷɵһ㣬̽¥שǽϣֻ¶˲׵ҶƬ
ҵʵ㿴ΪɱңҶСһЦĿװʵ
װЩͣԴлŸղҶСһϵо׵飬˺þװŻһ˳ɫӵĿҶС˵С磬û뵽㻹ôٶ˶ס㡣
С磬ʲôϵװɻʵıҲû˸ղŵ䵭
˵˶ô˼˵ͳһе𣿡ҶС翴װʵ
װһÿ˶ҶСӵŲ˼ôͳһеҲǵָĹ򣬼ʹǹҲκβ˶ԷҶСٶȣղѾʶˣ֪ʲôûѸ硣
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ҶС˵ͷʹĳԼķˡ
˵ĻҪɣͳһеȷʵʱԡװɫӵ˵
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ģֵֵǲɱģȰ˵ҲһͽˣţһȰ˵סģҲϣ类ɱҶСЦ˵
һʱ䣬ȥȰȰҸ硣˼һװ˵
ҶС˵ͷ˵羡ֵʱ䲻Զˡ
һҸ羡ġҶСĻװɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼ˵ϣװ˿ʱ䣬ֵڶڿζ˶ʮˣǸ˵С磬ʱѾˣϽȥʦѧϰɣʱˡ
˿ʱ䣬ʱȷʵѾˣǵ˵ͷȥװûиͣ˽Ųתʵ㲻ȥң
徲һ£ȥϿΡװϹҳЦݣҶС˻˵
ҶСҲףװҪһʱ䣬ԸղŷҶСչֵиԵĿ͹۵ʶ
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˾սһȻ󣬽ҶСʹһԱȣѵҶС磬󣬲ſʼΡ
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ٺáٺáҶС߽Ǽҹܻ󣬺ܶ˶ĽҶС羭ܶԱܡ֪ҶСݡ
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ҶСһ˴ԣ˴ڶʱ˺ܶ࣬ŨȿֺĴӴꡣ
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ֻطɣЩطȫƶסƷӣΪ׵ĺ£Ҳͬˣһһֿս˵
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538 װĵ绰
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539 
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ֵزˣܶû˼úȥϧĪҪ˼Ůӣף֪⡣ҶСЦ˵
ǣҲ֪ôסװɫǺ˵
Ĳ֪ǼٵİԼȥһط䣬Ȼ˵Ļȫ˵ҶС緭һ˵
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һСĵġҶС˵ͷܸмǺֵܣֻԼãԼҪСġ
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ҶСµĲͻ͵һ﷢ͻʱװֳʵõ˵Ͽɺ壬ˣܶ˶һ磬Ȼܶʸϵˣڼݵȵزƺ
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װƿֱ˽ȥҶС󣬰ڣЦЦ̣ｻƹʣһΪֻ֣һɫӵұһ崿ѧôŮӣƵƵƣĲתСš
һߴԼһ׾ңοĴһԣɳϺ˯һ㣬Щ⣬ĸ仹վ꣬Ŀɱˣһ֪Ǵܵĺ֡
һţҶСͰĿͶɫ꣬װûнܣǣҶС֪װĸ
ϿװͲֵװĳñȽϸߣǿ׳ǣȽһ㣬ӱϿǸ
ȻҶС粻ɵΪԷһ޸֮ˣĸλϣһĺ֮ǴڶɱһѪ·
ȻȽһЩ͸ǽ⿪ӵİɫԿļǳʵ̺űըԵԣװԼĶ֣װǿ׳ΪԷڶĽ
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˵꣬Աߵǿ׳󺺴һƣ֮±վ߳˰䣬ɢһŮӴϷ
װҶСɳϣֱӿһƿƣҶС絹һ
ȺȾƣҸҪ֡װǸһЦ͵һˮ
ҶС˵ͷҲһƺװһ£һ
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һŮӴ󵨵ҶСĻУ˿һֹסҶСĲӣһֶ˹ˮ˵˧磬һһɣ
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˵꣬ҲҶСһˮҶСû˵ֱӺ˸Ʊ죬ҶСܺͣŮһҶСϿͣһ߸ҶСơ
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ԼܵܵĿ֪ҶСرãһӾ֪װԷ飬һ֣Ҫܴ򣬹ؼҪйӲʡ
ȶȥҺСġһЦ˵
ĻŮӶ˳ȥҶСұߵλŮվʱһۣһ欵ıӰ
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װ˳ȥ߳ȥʱҶСһۣ˼ҶСġ
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ʱгҶС硢󺺺Ľǵĸ⣬ûˣûЩߣҶСʶĸ
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Цʲôɻʵ
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541 շҶС
žҶСĻ䣬Աߵ弫Ϊ׳ʵĴ󺺻ȻһƺݺݵҶС֮ϣˮɽͱ㵹ƿֱӹӣ
顭ƿӵڹ⻬ĵذˣƬɢͬƱ͵þˮʵĵƹ£⡣
Сӣ㾹Ȼ˵ǻˡ˵ȫѸٹ𣬶Ҫ·ˣ˫Ŀо䣬һҪֵӡ
˭ϴû˵ķݣûйءҶСչһ壬ɳĿһб˴һۣһ˿Ĳм
󺺻һǰһ磬¥嶼ݺݵ𣬾ҪҶС綯֣Ȼװ˵ҶСʵжôǿСһ㣬ǣҶС壬ʵǿǿȥԼһȭԼʹжûУԼһȭҪ
ղԷԼϴ̸ЩˬǸ˼ԼϴǹСǸСΪװֵܣĿһвϴʵǿɺ֮
ӣס֣ǱȥֱҪҶСһȭʱһֹˡ
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ǺǣҺƽȵĶԻǲǷˣѵҪҷŵ̬һ˵ҰǷҶСһ󳰷仰УâţϬޱȡ
㡭ҶСĻӶʱ˵˻ΪҶС˵Ļе뷴ˣһʱɫǺޱȣкӿ޲̽ҶСĳ⽴
ӣȥǲ͹䡣վٴδһ˫Ŀбųâ
ǣ硣ԴһʵԭλãݺݵصҶС磬ĿܹɱˣҶСѾ˳ǧΡ
ӹԹԵԭλãҶС絹һƣϴǸ˵С磬˼ӵԸ׳嶯һԱҵǸ⡣
ۡһ˶Ʊеľˮһ
ҶСһƽĿûжĵǸ˵ʲôȻԷǸ⣬ҲȾƱʾǸ⣬ǣԷ˼˭֪أ߻ŵʵ̫ˣαװԼϵıͲĵʵ뷨Щλˣߺ󣬿ԼҲ֪Լϲŭ֣ǵŽӼĲͬıġ
С磬˵ʵڻҼ򾲵꣬ҲǱģƾһ̩ɽɫӣһܹλСǺֵܣϣܼͻңһһλãΣĿƵĿҶС硣
֪һҶСʵԴǰһƵƵϿҶСһ˾ͽһٶ˴ſˣûƵģʹһ±ҶС򵽵ˣҲţΪҶС粻Ǵ˶ʮˣǱҶСסˡ
ֻ˵һʵǾҶСʵˣҶСֻҪһʱһΪһĺõʱγܵϣͻһ˵ı
ĻҶСһȻȰ˵Էģû뵽ȻҪͻʵ̫ЦˣһĴʼȥͻֱЦ
ҰģղŵĻҲҰģɢĹâ˵һУҲǣģһûһҰģ׻˵뵱ʿһʿôھǲ뵱һϴĻ첻һϸĻ졣
ȻҶС紴ͻﲻͬҶСѾһˣеǾļУҲλֻǺºƵȼͷλãûһҪҶСȥ뷨ȻҲ
ô㿼ǵΣɳһƱҡţضҶСʵ
ҪҼͻװѾ˵˰ɣȰ˵װģû뵽ȴȰ˵ҡҶСЦЦ˵
С磬ܸģҶܸǲܸģҲܸһˮҶС˵
⻰÷еκһЦͻʲôκһƨǣҪͻﲻǵָĹ
ҵͻİҶСǹҳһ˿мЦݡ
ҶСĻ󣬡顣һеĲƱˣղŻЦݵ˲úѿͻλãڶûʵϣܸҶСأ
С磬Ҫ֪㣬̫̰ˡһԳһֽ˲ϵľˮƽĿҶС˵ð˿˿⡣
ͻǺǣΪһͻݵңҶС糰һЦ˵
˵ղҶСǾ仰Щô仰׵ˣǰС̫ʶ̧ˣȽҪ󣬾Ȼûаͻʵڿɺޡ
ѵһҲã֪֪˲ҪôţҪȻվᱻҵģСϣҲɱ㣬һȻɳϡ


542 ѵ
СӣѾܾˡӻȻվҶС˹ȥ˵ģȷʵҶСܾãղҶСһ仰˵ʱֽҶСĺݺһ١
ֻͻϴҶСҪͻλãҪεأѵҪɣΪѹƣûиҶ֡
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ȻøߴʵٶһҲƹӣҶСǰһץһֻȭͷգҪҶСȻɳǰȭͷҶСһ٣Ȼѣ֪ͻﲻʲô˶ģҲййԼ顣
Ӷ֣ûֹͲãӺݺݵؽѵһҶС磬µһƣɳĿϣ׼Ϸ
ӵĴֿҪҶС½ʱҶС綯ˣһŷɳ˶ԷСϣӴ󣬾ͺСɽⷢͬۼףһͨҶСĶ֡
ȻҶСֻһţûжȫһŽӴ߷˳ȥݺݵ˰ǽϣ䶼˻Ρ
ҶСһֻĹûˣӴӵذɫĿ£˫ĿɵϴŭҪ˳
裬ĳ裬ԼĿͷôǿȻһĺһ߷ɣղֻһʱûע⣬ŻᱻǸƻСлɳãһѾҪ÷ֲ嶫ϱٴγ˹
ҶСһ˿֮ɫڻûзƣǸˡ
ȻӱŭͷԣǣԴȴѣҶСһžͽ߷ˣҶСʵһҶСĿЩȣӼᶨҪҶСͻ뷨۸ʲôۣʲôֶΡ
ӱ˺ܶ࣬ûֱӳ嵽ҶСǰֱ֣Ӱų͵ţҶСͷȥ
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ܵɱĸÿóһǹ֧ٶȼ죬ڶǹȫ׼ҶС磬ŨҵɱҶСΧ
ǹԸ𣿾ͷҲᱻǿǹѡϴЦ˵һ»ָţһж֮С
ε˵ãҾͲܽܵͬʱǹӵ
ǹΣʹһٰǹҲ㲻ʲôҶС絭˵мĿһۣƶˣûпҶСĶҶСͻȻǹֻ֧ҶСǹֽһ㣬һ䣬һ
ѵһǸ˵ϣ˼£ͺһشֱС
ʱǿԼ֣ԼֻſǹƣǹѾˣ룬Ҳ֪ղҶСеǹ֧еǹ
ǻʲôֶΣһʹɣըҶСϹų΢Ц˵
ͷܼĺ飬һ̣֪ҶСʵжôĿֲǹκβ˶ԷʲôܶԸİһͻȷʵɲҶС
ͻȷʵûʸˡЦһЦ˵Щãܹͻı񿴵ҶСֵǸˡ
ʹͻıΣˣҪɱֵ
ɣﲻܿģҪһͳе練ƣһ˶Ը㶨Ҫȥҳºƣ뻰ʱ򣬿װһһҶС絭˵Ȼ󣬾˳ȥ


543 װ
ҶС߳ȥıӰгһ֮ɫԷʵôǿȻȥǿЦһƼµôίССĳС
ˣףû뵽ҶСʵѾ˿ǹ֧ĵزΪУһ룬ѵҪȥͶ֮ɫ
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С磬û°ɣҶС߳ʱſڵȴװһĵĿʵ
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Ҫ֪ưɵİЧǳãϾղ˵ĴҲ˵淢ƺƴսȻ
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ȥȥﶼҪ㱨𣿡û˵Щӡ
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㡭˭ŮˣС磬ңЩ飬ġ˵
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Ὺ˳ǰʻһСξ룬ҪҶС磬ǣҶСǲãЩ΢΢΢һţȻǰһףӳҶСͻȻ䵹˵ϡ
д󾪣ɫһӱòҰףҲ֪ǰҶСײڵˣϽ򿪳ű˹ȥҶСڵһڵϣҡҶС壬ſǻĺС磬С硭ôˣѣҲǹģϽ
ƾôҡΣҶСһûһ˿ס
С磬ˣϽҴӦȥ˵Ŷ˾Ө飬ΡۡڣҪղŴӦҶС磬Ͳˡ
ԴӦı𷴻ŶʱҶСͻȻ䣬۾¶ıóѵЦ˵
ҶСġˡﻹܲ׷ʲô顣
ɫһ䣬һᣬվתȥҶС硣
ˣҶСһԾٶȾͳ˳ڣ˸ʻλá
׼ϳͿҶСƤЦڸʻϣһ˼ʻλá


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ʦ˺òãղҲԣҲӦƭġҶСͷһ֪˵ӣϴСӡ
ҶСһӣ뽫ҶС³ĶһҪƭҿķģΪʲôҪһװΣ֪֪ղǶôĵ㣬ΪΪİײˡ
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ҪȻͲˣԲԣҶСס˶ĻЦ⣬ģʦһġ
ˣʦ׼ȥҶСɻʵ
ҶСĻдԥӵĿһҶС˵գҪȥμĶɡ
ϵҶСЩ΢΢⣬Ȼָ֪˭Ƕǰ׼Ķ֮ìܣҶСġİ£֮ìܸˣȻ󣬾Ͳɢ
Ȼ֪˷ֿҶСЩ΢΢ϲЩΣΪԼĻ˵˻ܺͺãʱҶСкңҺԼƻ˳Ͷ֮ĸ飬ҪȻȥỹ֪Ҫöá
С磬Һ֮ѾˣοѾ㣬ֻڹȥ棬գҲòȥɫЩطסҶСĴ֣ҶСȻ֪ԼҶС֮䲻ʲôǲҶСʲô⣬һٺòˡ
ôأʦƯҶС¶һ˿΢Ц˫۴ͷŴŶᣬһֻ˶ԲĴȡ
ĶȷʵƯһͷ˿΢ĳ³ʲʽһֳԸСĽ˵ĸоɽüüǳǳĻһ崿ţüĿϳĽëգƻ˵һ㣬󣬺Ƴ˵ң̲סǳһڡ
Ľһɫѩ䳤ȹȹΪᱡʵĸо˼µջľӡĲ޳ȶҶСһֳ嶯
С磬ˣԹãҪȥģǻһСһжôоȼһŻ棬Ǻε˵
ʦھҪҶСһҺĿȵĿŶ˵ҶСĿ£оһֻεڶʹϷ˵ķۺ졣
ȻҲȼ𣬲ǿסԼҶСϵ֣ĵһҶС磬㷢ǰʻȥ
ΪڿҶСһʱҲ˼֣εһŴ羰ҶСӣǹһ˿΢Ц
ڶῪʱģһǼ󷹵ڣһװ޵ķǳݳ޵׷УĴڷ˸ľˮһʮ˵ĴԲ
ʱһŮǽܵɳ˵˵ЦЦһɫзΡɢϢȺ̸ЦȾƣࡣ
ףտ֡һϵһ׹ӾžƱ˳ǰ˵
ллۡһͬʱһ
һ㣬ǶǺѡϴЦݵ˵
˺þã˿ʱ䣬Ѿˣ΢΢üͷЩ컹Щɫ
Ůôҿ˵÷ǳ㣬ǲģʱһͷ͹ɼߵ˵Цݣз̰Ĺâͣ촽
СӣҵŮѣ㶼Ҵ⣬һصһļ˵װһŭȴû
ˣܾ׼Ķ׼ûУʵ
׼ˣΣⲻǽڻһЧҪʲôѵ쿪Ķܾһ˿΢ЦȻݸ˳һɫǵСӡ
˵أСӣһЦԹޣϣ֪Ȥһ㣬ҪȻҲ˾ɷĵк޺޵
ףףû뵽㻹Ǹؿζϲٺ١ܾЦһ˵
Ǽͬ𣿡
ô᲻ͬ⡣ϹŵЦݣܾ͡һǳһڣ໥һۣ¶һĪӡ


545 ݶĳ
Ĵܵǽڶǰɫɳ輸ȵȼҾ߶Ϻɫ̵ɺĵ̺Գһݳ޶Ĺ
ڣЦ˵һƬһֵĳ
ڻʼ𣿡һɫµӺһ˵
ǸԵȣһûеϴŵЦݣԵʱĶţͺһܵýѧӡ
ޣףЦһĨڴ֮ɫ
ԼӺھƵһԱ´صҶСʹĶᲢ˽
ڣʮŮŮڷľƿҶСЩ⣬Ϊֻ˶ᣬһĶ磬û뵽Ȼˡ
ҶСͶ߽ʱֵĴ˵ĿⶼͶˣǵǾȡֻһ˿Ĳ⡣
ʱɫһ䣬ļ˳飬Թ֮ɫԼŮѾȻǵıӵĸ첲μԼɶԣĸ˶ܲˣзǳŭ
Ȼŭ죬ѿɫ˲ͻָ˹ʲôûзһ㣬ϴ˵΢Ц˵лμҵնɣ롣
˵꣬һƣڿԲϣԣһλˣǶڵȴŶᡣ
лǳЦһ˵ŤͷĿҶСһۣҶСԲϡ
Ƥӵº⡢Ŀﲨӣеŭ㶼ڵճɻҽ
侲һ£һܵġڳʧصʱ򣬡ܾ˹һļ˸ž˵
ллһ˵
лʲô֮ĹϵҪ˵ֿĻܾ˵
ĿͶ˶ϣ¶ȤĹâȻŮȷʵ㣬Ļò¼ʹЩǣܱȵĶ޼ֻǣϧˣһ£ˬ֮Ҳֵˬˬôܾ촽˵
ȻԣǿʲôɣƳһ۶ᣬĿԹȻˡܾϹҳһ˿ЦݣЦȴݡ
˵ĶԣǵǵһŮӿ龰ζһˬ˵ãڶ߻صǸŮӵĽܾЦо˷ܵĻ䡣
ǲҪˣѾ˺ܶ࣬ûĿζôˡҡҡͷž⻹ɱ
ʱЩŮΧԲϣһЩˣǶһʿŮҶСͶкͣȾ໥Ϥš
ܾ͡Ҳ˹ΪζɵǳվϴЦ˵ӭλǰμҵնɣʤмλ;棬Ҫʲô˵һһᾡҵġ
Ļ˵꣬ҶΪЩŮ໥һ£ȻΪ˲ʹԼѿֻ˵ѣûǰһŮ֣ҶС磬ֱӺˣ˿
ЩŮǳĺѣǵȻ֪ǳŮѣˣҶСĿһֵĵ⣬Щм
һƯŮԱһֱһ׵Ĵ󵰸˽ǽԲ룬һףտֵĸ˶һһ߳
ҶСʼվͺһһ㣬ۿһУղųǸֺġܾ֮˵ĻҶСȫˣû뵽Ѿ޳ֵܵزȻӦĺѡᣬҶСѾ̡
ڳУҶСصעˣһǳڶǡܾһɫµӣ˶ߣԡܾΪߣΪѾ˺ؾ磬һʱûмΪ˲٣Ѿ˺سڣ½ӣΪͣŲضѡ
˵͸Уһ˵27䣬Ա˳ȥֵ⣬ȻмԱŲͳ˽һɫζȫĲȰڷϡ
ƿÿ˶һ˵Щ׵Ļ˾ԺȣʱѾ˳緹ʱ䣬ҶСȷʵЩˣܲĳЩһֶвĲȣŲ֪ĸݵĺơ
ЩŮŮһӣǶŵǳŷˣҶС̻ʲ˳ϡ
ҶСӣ֪ĸСӣҶСеǶһȺαˣѾˣװģ
ԣȥҸҶСĳ࣬΢΢һ죬ø첲ײһҶС˵Щۡ
ĻҶСǸһЦ˲ӣĨĨͣȻֽ˲֡
ҶСһϵеĶܶ˶ûʳֱһ⣬Ųͽֽ÷Ҫ֣ǶܻɣҶСǲУҲǲֽ֡
Ƕġһ䡢Ļ֦չŮĿһҶС˵
öĵĻͲҪˣܽԼһЩʳҶСƲƲ˵


546 ҩ
㡭ӣֱǱ̣һӷʢķˣιԶȸǿˡŮӶݺݵضҶС˵ĹĵظеĿⶼܽҶСɱٴΡ
˼˵ЩʳղŶιˣҶСһЦ˵
㡭ҶСĻŮӵɫһһ󣬱ҶСĲᣬеĲӺӺݺǰСһˤһҪ׼ҶС۵׵ӡ
Сͱˣϲ̨˼ƽʲô̫ˡʱһ۾ͦ˹ĵȰ˵
ҵգҵͲҪˣһ¾ȥˡΪɵǳվһ˵һ˵
Ȼ˶ô˵ˣŮôҲ˼˵ʲôˣҶСһνӣ뿴Ϸôݡ
ۡһľƱײ𣬲еľˮҫĺɫȦȦֵͬĶɡ
ҶСһһ۳ҲҶСһۣ˵жһ˿ɫ˼ȫͬ
ʱղŵ⳵ŮԱŲͳ˽ÿ˵ǰһСкõĵ⡣
áһˣһЦ˵
˼ҵգΪ˵ȻҪյģ˶׼ԵʱһУȱԣȳԣһжƽע⵽ˡ
ʱҶС󣬶װһµӣȻˮȾƣʱ䡣
ҶСҧһڣûŵ⣬鿴ŵǷ쳣֮Щⱻֽ΢СӣƬʹЩҵһַۺɫ΢΢΢һ˿ҶСʱڵѪҺٶȼӿ죬һɵĵ
ãдҩҶСתЩҩͱҶСëųеǱ
дҩҰĳ԰ɣҶС紫ǸճԽȥҶСųҩһѪҺˣôҶСͻɴ߻ʹ֮Ϊٵķá
ҶСĻ᳹׵ʧˣĵ׳ӰʧӰ٣һɷŭĵûбֳʲôͷǿ鵰ԵһɶйеŭҶС粻ɫץסС֣һ˹ȥὫǹɺɫĴëų
˳군˼ƺ󣬰Ů϶ֳһĨ죬˶ϵĳΪ⣬ŮӶΪ˴ǲŤ壬ͷ϶˺飬˫ĿĲмŮӷ˵֮
ΪⳡϷݵĸһЩҶС罫˶ȹףʹȻǰǸᴫˣҶСһۣǵ˵ͷ
ҶС翴˿ˣֻŮ˷Ӧǣһ㷴ӦûУҶСƣǸԼҩΪʲôѵΪսһģҶС
ǲǸоܣŮӶ˷Ӧʱ¶Լ⣬޼ɵĶŶᣬһ֮еЦݡ
㡭ʲôװһʧʵ
˵ʲôҸҩҲҩҪǶ޳ܡŮˡɫĿ£ſĺ
ʱð𣬾ͺ˶һ㿴ЩѾŮӣǸܾѾʼһŮӶֶˣŮҲûšܾĶѾ֪նɲǼ򵥵Ķɣټҩãеصȫƿ޷Ŵ
㡭ΪʲôҪŭʵкۣȻ˵֪˳Ѿˣû뵽Ȼӣ˺ܳʱѾȻһֻƤǣʱѾǲƤʵˣ¶׶
ΪʲôҪ㻹ң㣬ʶڣ֮ıһµ֣㶼Ҫ죬˵ǽǡϴˣ£һµʱ˴˵˵һ
֪Ҫ˵ʲô㲻Ҫ˵ʲôʱٰң㣬ʱҲԣǣһǶĵĲҵĸǸˣѪյˡ׼˵ʲôһ˵ûöῪڡ
㲻ҺϴҺǣЩҶ⣬ΪǸ崿Ůģû뵽ľȻǸ޳ܵĵ㾹Ȼѧǣ˵Ҫ֪ˣۣǵӣѾ˴ɣˣļˣȻôҾҪ㳢˾ɷζԽ˵ԽҪеʹ඼йǺݶ֮ɫŶȥȼųȵĻ档
˵Ĺϵôܾ˵
ԣзݣݺݵ˵һܴȵӡ
һȺ׳աʱһгȻҶСˡ


547 Ϸ
ӶĿͶҶС磬ܾҲͣеĶǵĿ֮ɫΪҶСĿ峺ޱȣûһ˿ҩļ
ûгҩĵ⣿ЩɻʵֻҪǳҩĵ⣬ʹһͷţҲᷢ飬ҶСʱıֺƽһģһΪджϡ
˴ҩΪҲ֪ҩһöûСҶСһһ˵ǲмɫ
ҶСӣЩԷûУԵѾˣ˵ûзҩĻҪץסҶСЩˣϾҶСֱ߳ܶ࣬ĿͶܾʱ򣬷˲١
ҶСΪٸߣֻҪûͻƵ죬˵ʵȫѹסҶС磬οһѾҩ﷢˵ĶһǣҶС磬ҶС粻ͷҶСΪûͻ죬Ϊ쾳粻ôͻƵġ
ûзҩҲãһҪۿĶʦαһ½ߺߺߣݺݵ
ҶС磬ҪûôѵΪ˵Ķֲɣһһо֮еӣֹܾͣŮӣվֱ壬Ŀо䣬ֶնյɢ˵ƣһվǰ߳˼ͳ粢վһĿǲм
ƾһأһأһأǿϰҶС粻м˵ǳ֮ɫ
ҶСĻвһɼ֮ɫܿԼ˵Ϊô˵ԷΪҲںأԷôС˺أŶʮ˻ںʵˣܲ
һץסһҪȷϵΪ㳢õ䵽ĸоݺݵ
û뵽һСˣΪȻ֮ߣ컹Ǳⲻ㱾ˡûбҶСһڵ˵ΪסУҶСĽһдˣһ鷳ѶȰˡ
ǰϾߵǸ˰ɣҶСб¶Ϸ֮ɫ
㡭˵ʲôĻղŻɫʱܻţϵƽЩǿ
ǰɣǺףҶСһ˫Ŀ貵ĹâųֱĿռ䡣
Ŀռ䵴ƽĺͶһöСʯӣȦȦһͷϵһɫ˿ĺƾճ֣һϸĳ
оͷһ˳ֵʱɫоǲ
ˣҶС罣üһʵ
û뵽һõĻ˾ȻһĻǸ࣬ʦվ󡣡ҶСӵĿһ۳ˣȻĿͶԶᣬᣬ֡
Ѿƽ˵ĶὫҶСУҶСὫԼ
㡭ҩҲûãһƽӣ΢΢һ˵Ϊֹһ鶼ѳƿأĴ̿ͣʱԼΧԭǴҶСһģû뵽ҶС羹Ȼˣ𾪺ͷŭǣᾹȻûһ£뿴ķɧӶˡ
ʱŮѾʧȥǣҰޣʲôˣѾԼ·ȫˣЩƬƲմŤĽз˵֮
ЩҩﵱȻûãȫˣȻѾϷ̨ҪǲݳĻδЩ˷ˡҶСϹҳһ˿Цʵ
˵꣬ͽȻһ䣬һƱŷˣ˵ҶСνθߣɽǹɳضʵѹǶЩ
顣һΪɫµӣֱӵ˵ϣһѪɢʧȥս
ҶС粻ǰɢ˳ȵľƵĽϣΪ޴
ȡ죬㡢㾹ȻѾͻ쾳硣һ԰׵ĳָ֣ҶС磬һŵı飬г޵Ŀ־壬ҶСֻǺصĻаնԸҶСѣǣҶС羹Ȼ֣Ҫܵǣֻǣһɾ޴ѹѹϣоԼˣôأ
֪ѾˡҶСһЦЦһ˲ͳ˳ǰһɲõĹâųСȥ
ˣг̳ƵҶСķʹóֺġܾȫָܹӳԼȫʵ
˼Ҫ㿪ҶСĹеϸֱ̣ٶȼ죬Ƕȵ꣬еǴ֮̿졢ݡ׼ܾһ˫֣̺ǿĥһ˹
һ貵ĹâɢѤâƣĻ˵ĹҶСһ˿м֮ɫȥƲƾôܶܲȥ


548 ֮֮
顣ҶСһ˳Сϣܻǣȴ̺ϵ
ҽһĵ˵ϣֹɫҰףһƬ֮ɫۿɼĺͷɺĵ̺ϡ
ҶСһĵ۵׵ɢˣʱҲǿȱͨǿһЩѾͨûʲôˡ
ʱܾ˵ĹˣݺݵػҶСϣõĹâתǵĹҶСֵסˡ
ҶС硭Ҫɱ㡭˻ߵĺеպһһѪʱѾһˣһһ̵ķѪ³Ѫ
ҶСûѾͨˣԼѾûв˫Ŀ磬ųֱɨˡ
ܾϷһ˿ɫ˺һƤһҶС˹˫ٴ˹ؾ磬ǿڶƿ޹ʱѡ
ʱµĵˣƾʧȻ˶ǰϸĺ֪ԼҶСĶ֣˶ΣɱвҶС硣
ҶС˫ĿкէŭӿһĳȵӿཱུġܾƤһ㱻ҶСһķ˳ȥ֪ײ˶ƿơ
һץµ˵ȻͣסˣҶСһ˻У˫ָס˶Էϸ˫ָһһɾӿϸʱ顣
һӶƬͬķɵ˲ʹ̽˺µ˵ڣϳѪѪðɫ·ɺĵ̯ϣϢ˵ϣĿ
ҶС绺ߵܾǰǾˮͷӣһ˿˵˵Ҹòɱ㣿
ҪҪɱҡܾǿ־Ĺâ˿˿ѪҺӿľˮһֲ嵽ǾˮѪҺ
ģҲɱ㣬ϷûнôɱأҶСЦ˵ȻվһŲСϣһѪڵɢˣһˡ
С磬߰ɣ뿪һӶˡʱߵҶС˵бˡ
ʦҪ뿪ɣڳϵңһҾͺˡҶСĿһ۶˵
㻹Ҫʲôɻʵ
Ǻǣһ֪ˡҶСһЦ˵Ȼųȥ
ȻطῴȻҲ뿴ЩŮӹڵ̯Ťӣ뿪ȴЩ棬뿴ҶСҪʲô飬Ҳ˹ȥ
ҶСߵһҰ֮ɫĳǰĿž⣬ųҪⶼͨ͸
Բ֪ˣԭҺòã֮ɫĳվҶСĶᣬɢ˹ʣǿϣӵ˶ǰ
ԭ㣬£ôԭ㡣ŭĶų˵Ŀо
ԲҴˣҴˣôõķϾҰɣΪ˻ţʲôˣͼסȣöԭ£öķӦٶȹ죬Ͻ˼һ֮ɫĿſڵʹĳ
ŮӵĳȽһ֮ģȻĿͶҶС磬С硭㿴
ʦģڲɱġĿҶСЦЦ˵
ûҶС绰еĺ壬һȴˣҶСֻ˵ڲɱû˵Ժ󲻻ᣬϽ󣺡㡭
졣˵֣ҶСŤͷһĿɱ죬ֻҪʣµĻ̽˶ڣҶСһŭ֮ɱ
ҶС壬˫ĿһһУһɫСӳҶСУҶСվ˿һɫСƿ򿪰ɫСƿһǷɫķĩʣҶС綼֪ʲô
С磬ʲôߵҶСǰԣǸɫСƿɻʵ
㵰µĶҶСĿ˶һۡ
󣬶һ죬ĵҶСһۡ
ſڵʱ̹עҶСĳ˵ӣкݺݵһԹŮֻҪҲгһգһܡ
ҶСͷϴЦ⿴ų㲻ϲҩ𣿽ԼҩζΡ
˵꣬ҶСйâһɷۺɫҩĩҶСĿ£ӳıǿнڡ
㡭㡭ǾֵĿҶС磬ҶСһֻħһ㡣
ҶСߵˡܾǰͬķһҩĩڣȻ󣬽ƿҩĩ
С磬ڸʲôʵҶСղŵĶܿ죬ûп
ٺ٣ûиʲôһ֪ˡ
㿴Цӣ֪һûиɺ¡ҶСһۡ
ҶСЦЦȻ˿ǽλãⳡϷĿݡ


549 ڷ
һ󣬡ܾͳ˾ͺǺ˾һ㣬ɫһƬǺ죬˫ĿжðŻ棬зͬҰһĵͺ˫ֲͣ˺Լ·
ᱻ˵סˣץסҶСĸ첲رҺҶС粻ͨˣҪȻᱻץơ
ʱ˼ϵ·ȫ˺ˣͻȻ䣬ǿʲôһ㣬˫Ŀз˷ܶĺ⣬һڳǼŮȥ
Ƭ̼䣬һ˾;һС
һĿĻ棬ݺšһҶСһ⣬һۣå
С磬ǲЩ֣ЩŮûʲôЩ𱸻мֲ˵
֣ô֪ЩŮӾͲԸ˷ϵأҶС練һ䣬ȶشҶС˵ղǵϸܵһֿͳһιϵȻǶֽԺõˣҲν
ɳ㡣὿ĿҶСһۣС磬ǻ߰ɣ
ôˣ뿴ֳ棿ҶСдŻȵĿŶᣬ˫ɱĿϽ˵ʦҴˣߡ
˵꣬ҶСͽȥߵſҶСͣס˽Ų
ôˣʵ
ҶСһԼԴ˵Ҳˣ滹©һˡ
˵꣬ҶСתбų⣬Լ
ԼҪɱңˣ˲ҪɱҡҶСĻһӵ˳һĶҶСͷģϺǰѡǱȽϴˣϾģûʲôûˣֻҪžϣ
Ȼ֪ܴظﻹЩˬһʲôͷֲȣҶС
ӿڴóǸɫСƿһҩ۷ɳڣһУҶСŶС˳ȥҽĹš
лл㣬С磬ҪҪ¡ѾЩ̣ˡ߳ҴƵ󣬶Ǹм֮ɫ˵˵һ仰ʱǷŭ֮ɫ
ˣΪ岻㡣ҶС˽жְο
ҲֻǾЩۣôĺãȴӡɫЩʹ˵
ʹӣҶСҲףԼϲˣͻȻһ˭жʹ࣬ܡ
̫࣬ʦͲǱӣıĿˣ㻹֪ɣǸߣΪݲһ㣬һӽбĿġҶС罫Լ뷨˵˳
ߣЩĿҶС硣
ظղҲɢĹâڵҲߵı־С˵еָ֡ҶС˵
ʱѾ˾ƵͣĺɫСǰʦȥҸ͡
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ûġҶСһۡ
Ļ˵ǾͲڳ졣ҶС粻ͣŶǸʵķ˵
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ʵӣǸʱȽϹԡŲŲҶСǻȵĿ⡣
˵ѣܸоĵҶСһЦĿŶ˵ȻͻȻǰ㣬˫סգ΢΢ͷȥؽҶСҹ£ˣĿ룬˫ֱסСĲӡ
˵ǣҶС罫ıöϣ˶ʵķͣʵ
ҶС׼ʱẬͣ˵Ҫڳǻȥ𣿡
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551 ô󵨵ֿɶ
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552 ƵСԽ
գ⼸ôԸ磿ǲǶԸʲôҶС翴С鷳ʵ
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ǣ˷ǣȺ
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ƽҵ֣еϣΧһܴȦɫŭеգԲȦ룬ʮһĶΧˣɫɷƶǣеλεĿеŴľش
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һȺ˸Ϲ󣬶˵ֱӶ֣ҶСûǣźʫȺȥԶ򶷵ĳ档
ʱҪǺʫЩͻǰЮ˵ԭʱ֪
ʫ㣬û°ɣҶСߵȺʱС鷳ֿɶĵʵǵСǵģŮӶʫǸʫ˵ΪʫԸºûаƢ֮ദ
ʫʫôûܵʲôˣһӴɫ㲶ĵѦ˹ͷϸĿźʫ
̲ҪģʫǲµġҶСϹһ˿Ц˵ļᶨ
裬û£ллǵĹġʫҡҡͷֿɶС鷳л


554 ȫ
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С磬ллǵŮʵļҳԼŮҶСľһһм֮ɫ˵
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ȻͻЩжһЩ˵Ķ֣ϾǶҶС紫ڵĹǿȡٶȻǷӦͨ˳ܶࡣ
һûսһ䣬ʮͻȫſ˵ϣֹһʹӡ
úá֪ĸˣһ䣬˶ź
ǣǣҵŵꡣΧĿǷŭĶǡ
ʱ򣬺ʫԵѪɫӡȫʧˣѾľԵĻָԭӡ
ҳǸʫһƵˡҶСܹĿҶСһۣȻͻЩ˵ϵˣѯһΪ˻кüͬʱָŹͷ˼ǹͷ˶֡
һסͷĲӣͺһֻ˹ӵҶСǰ
һִֻҵŮһƣֻ֣ҶСĶŹͷˡ
ңĲңҶСĻͷ˸ϽָһԱһȭ˶ϵĹӣΪ˻һжƵ˹ϡ
ҶС빷Ӻܽʬһɫʬ֣оҶСе׹⣬ʬһЦ˹ȥһźݺݵĲһ¹ӵԴϣӵԴֱӱʬˣѪɽԽ˳ӵȸϡõʱҶСϽֹͣʬĲ̶סˡ
ʬȥʬһһҧһƬһƬ˺飬ҶСĴͣҶСĻҲ
Ϊƭңһֻ֣ҶСʵ
λС磬ңĲҡͷ˰˵һرίӣֱЩǵݼҪ߳ѾˣҶСһ˵ϴ˼УòƭʱжЩڣڽϲӦ
Ұ첲ȫˡҶС缫Ϊ˵
ûгƺҶСΪ٣ؿҶС磬Ȼӵóһѳͷ˹
֡׼˫ʱϽ˵ֻʧȥһֱֻʧȥֻ˵Ҫúܶࡣ
Ѿˣ֡ҶС˵
ţ䣬һҽѪֻƴ󴦸˵ϣΧܶ˶תĿ̵һĻ
ҶСָ˼âס˹ͷʧȥֱ۵ĸ첲ѪҺΪʧѪ϶
ɳˣҽԺҶСָŵϷ˵
ǡ˵Ȼָ˼ˣĳԱ̧ˣҽԺ
̧ߺźʫСָС鷳ֿɶѦ񷼱źʫǵĵȥ
ҶС߲ãʬ˶ȥҪȥҶСһ½췢顣
ʱϻΧ˺ܶȺڣˣȺеŭӿ˳׷ǰȥЩȭߣйеŭǺúõĵ̾ͱЩ˸ˣڵѪ
ȺǶֲַҲ֪Ҫλֻ˺ҵȭߣһ䣬һͻϵϢš
һжҶСļ֮ڣɱô˵ĻԷûа취罫Щͻ˽ȺڣҶСоеķŭеķŭʹЩˣðʹɱˣҲνϾͻǵĵ棬οڣҲûа취Ϊ̫ˣǸжϲĸɱĸ


555 º
ƽ۽СԽ˵ķȭ£ͻ˱һϢʱ³ƬطɳһɾԱ˴˴ǶʮӵԱһȫװ
ǿֻҵĳǶסˣɳһס֡
˷񾳵صǲ˹ǾʱϽֹͣ˶֣ۼһ𣬴ʱԴɫЩһ뵽Щǵĵ̣ͷ˺ܶ࣬ϾǶɵġ
ѾϢٵͻˣɳʹһ˵Ķӳһͷۣ綼֪ͻҪϴĵ̣ΪͻһרŵŰݷãǰѾǴкҸһЩô
кôðײãһʣ綼ˣЩûáôҪͻˣڻڶʮ׵Сסһٶƽ׵ĴӣǮֻ֣ҪǲӾУȻ˱ǲǲܣרһЩͻ˶֡
ǵ뷨ʱѾˣʱͻˡ
ֻû뵽ͻ̫ˣȻһСԽּҳ˷棬𾪣ڡɨĳӣȴ⼸ϵûϢѾûоεϣˡ
໥һۣߵһ𣬽ͷ̸һᣬһ˵ͷ·ʲôץˣϾҪһһ˵Ϊֵ˺ܶ࣬һˣǵȻȫץ
ƾʲôץˣЩȶǵĵ꣬ǣǡץˣ˲ˣ׷׽к
侲Ǵȥֻһ±¼˽˽ûбʲô˼⣬ǲǵĵ꣬ǴǵˣⶼӦɷоǣԼ֣˵Ǵ˷ɣӦýץģڼߵ飬ֻ˽һľӦûʲô˰ɣɳ˵ò˵Ŀڲżã̵ķһҲ
˶ûһ飬¼Ⱥ֮ìܣҪ淢Щ飬λþҪͷˣһΪҶС飬һֱӱΪƽǶ˴ĹϵͽǮŰƽ£ֻǴ˶ӳϺգеﶼƵϣΪ£òСӦԡ
ôӦͻˣѾӦ֮ߣǾͻ̫ˣҵġ
һ󣬾Ȼ橶˵ϵͻˣͷӶӳһЦȻ˷أ̱һ£ֻ˵һģⲻӶѡ
¾ƽϢˣʧĶƽϰա
ѾˣǶɢˣСԽϵ˷׷׻صԼҵĵ̣ʰǲƵĵ档
ҶС˻ȥҲʰẉ̂ʰ˲ãʬ˹ؽһ١˵ɫЩ
³һǵĵ̣̱ңٵŮѱźܴΡ
ҶСͣеĻЩ֣ʵ˵˵ô£ôͻô˽ǵĵ̣
С磬ǵȥ̸ɣЩ㡣ʱһԴɨŵǰѦ˵
ҶС˵ͷ̸۲Ӱ˼Ҵɨұȥǵ̸վá
˶¥ҶСɳϣʬһվҶСǰ
˵ɣôһ£
٣ǰһֱͻгͻΪ˻ͻϣԼȥ̸Уû뵽ôıɣȻ˼͵Ϯǵ˱٣һɢԵúܱһ͵͵Ǳ³ҹ꣬ʮˣǵ˷Ӧ˹׷ˣҲû뵽ǾȻСԽ֣Ϊ뷢йеŭԡ͵
ȥ߳ºƣúͻ̸ˣôôڵʱ䣬ҰѶˣϵͻһѵĸ磬ԸǵĻλͻȴҪǵָӡҶС˵
ӽʱֵܣǵ˻̫٣Щʮİɱ̻̫ǳȻǺúӣѾҪͻƵˣúŬ
Ƿ٣ĻһȥһߺƸġ˵
ʬҲҪͻˣעĶ죬ġת񹦡ڸ㣬׹һʺϡ
СĻʬ⣬ɫ˵лл١
ҶС紫ڵĹÿһϵ֮УʹǴڸͨӵĹеȵĹĵˣ书±Щÿһֻһ˵ѧҪǿ󣬼ҶС羹ȻֹڸԼбж࿪ˡ
ֻҪΪ£ԺʥҲʲô¡ҶС絭˵
٣һȫȫ⣬ΪµġʬϽ˵
̸һڻᣬ˾ȥ


556 Ůͬ
СԽϣÿһ̵˶æµĴɨǽľҪϵʱһУϾϻкܶϰҪ㡣
ҶС¥ҶС翪ʼæʰʬ˼ԼϴְæǵȻҲţһæҶС뿪Ͼ˻кܶҪ
СʱҲĽֵ·ɾޱȣÿһϵĲͻЩˣ̯ܶλСŪĿȫǣⶼҪȥ
СԽϣѡһҹȥȡǰװһУʫҵǸƤĲȫһˣҪһƵһʱ䣬ֻڵƤˡ
ʮʱǸ˻ˣոϱţʫæʮˣһ㷹ҶСֿɶС鷳ͷˡ
ֿɶ׼ؼҵģ̷ӢΪŮҶСţֿɶֻȥҶС緿һ
糿ҶС绹˯еʱ򣬷ڴͷֻҶС羪ˣ˫ʵҶС۾ûͽ绰˵ι˭
ҶС磿һһɺϢ˹лһ˿ĸ߰
ҶСǳϤΪʱûȫ˯ѵԵʣôҲ벻˭תһԴʱ䣬˺ܶ࣬ҶСɻʵǣ
绰ͷԷĬ˺һ˵Ǵ
ҶСһȻֲôϤô䣬ԭǴģرѵʱһжϳǴڸո˯ѵһ̣Դķתٶȶ͵Ķ࣬ˣҶСû˭
ԭͬǺǣĴ绰ʲô£ҶСЦЦʵ
Ѿʮˡ˹
ҶвϤܲܺһȥ䣿ٴδ˹ƽƽ塣
ҶС⣬û뵽ԼôŮͬȻ֣ʵ̫ˣһվŮӣԸ䵭̸ܶͼӽڨǣƾ˵ЩĻۿһۣȫ֮˿
Ȼ˵ʹͬ˵ǣҲ˵õ´ϾԸ䵭֮߰ദϻһεѹŮͬȥ֣һܳĸоͺ̫ĺ˽ٵͷһ㡣
㲻Ըȥ˹Щ΢΢ľȣЩʧ
ǲԸȥǾЩ̫ˣǺǡҶСЦ˵
УֻȽϤ˵㡣
³ƽҵҶСӴ˵
㡣˵Ȼ͹Ҷ˵绰
ȻŮ룬ȴһ㶼ģ챾׼С鷳ֿɶȥģϾ·ѾѮˣС鷳Ҳ˶೤ʱˣڴѾ˵ֻ˵һƽҵǱߵ
΢΢̾һĵҪʧˡ
·ϴһ£ڿеС鷳һ£˵£С鷳ֻͣû˵ʲôֿɶһʱѾȥ档
ҶСһֿɶС鷳ͣȻƽҵ·ȥ
죬еķ紵ѵʺϹֵĺ
ƽҵʮ·ڣһϮɫɴȹĴɫ趯ϵĸ߹
ҶС߳ƽСչչ䣬ԶԶͿɫƮ衢վĴЩȣû뵽ô硣
û뵽ôˡߵǰҶСЦЦ˵гһĨޣһ־ǻ˵ĸо
ҲǸյ˵ʼղ䣬ûаˣϣҶСֻܸоΪ΢䶯ҶС룬ǲһˡ
ͬ׼ȥ䣿ֻǵ羰ҶСʵ
ҶСƺͬһĸоǵһ˳ƺúУĪůůġ
Ҳϲֵĵطҡҡͷ˵
Ǿȥ羰ˣûʲô÷羰Ǳߵиĺ壬壬ƽϷɽ羰ȥطûʲô˼ȥҶСʵ
ȥɽϰɣôһûɽҵǳȥ
ãȥ㴩·ЩףɽŴȹ͸߸Ьܲ㡣ҶСһ´˵
ӦôʲôҶСɻʵ
ɽȻǴ˶㡢˶Ьˣ˭֪ģǣֳʶԵĶ֪ҶСЩȡ
ҴСһֱųȹûд·ҶСеɻ󣬴͵
ȥƽǱ߸һ·Ȼȥɽ㿴ôҶСʵ
˵ͷҶС絲һ⣬ų⳵ƽʻȥ


557 ¼ڵ
ƽһĽֵϣҶСʹǰߣڶ·ͶĽͼʵ۹⣬ʱʱ΢΢̾ҶС֪Щ˵ʲô޷˵ðײ˶ˡ
Ůһڴϣȷʵܸоһεѹһ·ҶС綼·˼ʵĿ⡣
ȥǼҷװ̳Ǹ·ҶСָ·һҽεķװ̳˵
˵ͷҶСᴩ·мûˣԴУߵмʱҶСϰԵ˴С֣棬ܵĻܸܿһ·пܱײȻ˵ȴֵһһµȵҲȲǡʱ䡣
ҶСţܵ˶棬зɫĿҶС硣û˦ҶС֣ƾҶСš
ҶСоԼ˼Ůӵ֣ϽɿˣתͷһǸ˵Բ𣬸ղźԲš
ղϰԵĶĺѩ·ʱĽѩС֡
ûϵ֪˵΢΢һ˿ȣע⿴Ļֲˡ
ûйԼģһҪһ´ֵ뷨ַǳĻ壬᲻÷ŵ
ǽȥҶСЦһ˵˲˽װ̳ǣһǡþŮӵ·
Ҳ֪ϲʲô·ԼѡǸָʽ·ҶС˵
˵ͷ˱߱߿רŮӵļڣʽĶ̿㡢ȹȹۻң಻ʤ
λãҪŮѿʲôʽ·ȹ𣿡ǰߵʱһŶȹԱ˹ϹְҵԵ΢Цʵ
ԱĻҶСεЦЦԷȻΪ£ҲǣŮ·϶£ѻϵ֮ġ
ԱĻһĸоͺĳ˿߱Ūһ£ɸоȸղҶСǣסֵĸоΪǿҡ
׼һ˶͵ĳͶ䡣ҶС˵ûжԵԱʲô
򳤿䣿ŮѵرʺϴȹԱıЩɻȻҶС罨
Ǻǣ׼ɽȥȹʡҶСһ䡣
ԱˣȻ󣬴ҶСʹרȫ˶͵ķΣֻǿһۣȻѡһһɫ˶һɫ˿ʳ
·¼䣬ҶСȴţĵԱҶС죬佱ҶСиȻôƯŮѣҶСúϧ𹼸˼Ůӡ
һ¼Ŵһ죬˳ҡ
ҶС罫ĿͶŮԱ֪ŮԱȥԱȻˣΪ˼Ȼ£ô϶ҶСȥˡ
ȥŸʲôΪˣŮԱҶСһۣȻ󣬽ҶС˽룬ȻҶСҲôһ˿ȥ뷨ҪȻĻƾŮԱôƲ
ŮԱƼ¼ڣҶС翴ʱסˣֻֻһɫ£Ǹղһɫ˶㣬ɫ˿ʵ
¼ռ伫ΪСǹƮڿУڹ˷
ôˣɫƽĿҶСʵɫȴȦȦԤʾĲôƽ
ŮԱҽˣΪ£ҳȥҶСε˵Ȼ׼߳ȥ
ˣȥˣҰ·ȡ˵ҲҶСͬⲻͬ⣬Ȼת
ҶС翴ȥֻɫ˿ʳɫºĿϣҧһ⣬Լڱǹջס˫֣˿ʵµĹϽ¡
Ϊ˿ʳıȽӲĻƱػᱡ˿ʵҶСţڽʱ򣬲ļۻļҶСвһúôһ⻬ļ
ͻȻ䣬ڽʱҶСһСĽӽˣϽ˵Ǹ⣬⡣
ʱҶСˣ¼һǽǾ棬泯ž棬ʱӱˣֻΪͦķ¶˳¶ȥ
𣿡˺⡣
ǸǸҲġҶСٴ˵ȻͷϽŹ¿ϵ˿ʵҶСͽ
ѾˣȳȥˡҶС˵˿ʵ¼ڵĵϣϽ˳ȥ¸߰Ĵһơ
ܳȥʱ򣬶ͷ϶˺飬Ҳ֪ôһ£ԴҶС绹һС£ҪǱŮӣҶСԲ޳ܵļռˡ
û뵽㻹ǸĴкҶСӣŮԱһЦ˵
ҶСЦЦû˵ʲôЩ
ʱ¼ڣ΢΢һ˿ȣղҶСֻܳȥеܺЦȴЦ


558 
žеԼЩɻǸ˸һ£ֱɱǸˣ˵ҶС翴ظѵΪҵͬɣ
ԼµĿӿۺãȻ󽫷ɫ˿ʵϣ󣬴ɫףĳȹ˳ȥ
һ˶µĴ˳ҶСʴʱ¡޵ĸоȻЩ߰䵭ųȹԺ˺ܶࡣ
·ʺŮѡŮԱЩĽ˵
ҶСֻЦЦû˵һƽӣܲҶСк
·𣿡ʱҶСʵ
ÿÿҶС˵ʣҶС˲٣˵
ѡ⼸·ҶС绹׼۵ģû뵽ֱóһŽɫпŵݵ¥¥רЬģЬƤЬѥ˶ЬָЬС
ѡһ˫ɫĵɽЬú˱߳ҷװǣȻ߳ʱҶС罫ĳȹˮ߸Ĵ˷װרżĴ涫Ĺɽ̫鷳ˣĴʱá
壬λϷʮ⣬ƣ״һʳΪ塣
߳װǺҶСŴƽһСվվֱ｣γÿˣǡøʮһˡ
ԼĪʮӵʱ䣬ڵ˽ɽ£ͣһͣ㡣
ɽ廹ء̧ͷȥȵ˵һɫâһš
ǰȷʵءǸơ֧һĽ壬ҶС˵һ壬ǰͬѧ˵壬˵εΰʣ񿴵壬֪Ǽݽ壬ǶԽһ¡
ߣȥɣһҶС˵˵ͷ
ɽµ̵꣬ҶСƿˮһЩʳЩǸģҪ
Ų׿ʯһһУϽ˻ͦģ϶Ů£ȻһЩרΪ˶еˡ
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ôʱ·㲻ۣҶСЩֵĿŴʵһСʱͣһκˮû£ƽȣͲͨˣԼ쾳Уһɽ˵һѶȶûУͨȴкܴѶȡ
ѵƽ壿ҶС
ҲǺۡҡҡͷ˵һ˿ɫϸĴһҶС磬ȻͻָƽĿ⡣
Ȼ˵ģҶС绹ϢһҶС罫ʳˮ˹ȥ΢΢һ㶣˹ȥҶС˵һлл
ԼϢʮӵʱ˼Уһ·ûͣʹ˾ۣԼСʱʱ䣬ɽ˵ɽҲȻΪǰԼһԶľ뻹һ߷壬֪ʲôԭûпˣһ㶼ΪɽˣɽһرĴƽ̨ĶĿռ䡣
һһŴӵʯıϱһӣͽμȫϡ
ӵʯǳΪΪʢ˵ܾǰħ˼䣬ӴնɱЩħҲ˾޴˺ûйþˣеĳɽ壬ȻֻǴš
ΧĹ㳡иֶĵ񣬻пŹϻƵʯȵȣƽ̨Χγɵķеĵط滹˸ľܶ˽õĺɫϵ档
ҶСʹйһȦȻھ޴ƽ̨Ĵιţ˹䵽˶񴦵ĵطʱҶСԴ˵Ҹռɣ
˿ҶС磬Ȼ˵ͷҶСóֻôվڸԣȻ࣬ҶСֻػͦߵģĳЧȻȲЩרҵĳͼҲࡣ
վƽ̨ԵͷɽµһУһ£һᵱһɽСĸоɽŴɫĳԶЩҶСϽóֻһĻ
ȥɽϿƽ̨ԵãתָԶĸ߷˵
ȥ߷壿߷廹ûпأҶС˵
ǣȥ˵пԿļᶨġ
ðɣʱɲҪޱӡҶС翪Ц˵
ҲޡҶСһۣƽ˵Ȼ߷ڵķȥҶСεҡҡͷ˺棬ԸղŴɽʼãԼһԿţҲʲô¡


559 ĸ
γɵĻһƬïܵĲݴԺ͸ߴľŮŮΧһ˵˵ЦЦֽƣ߷ЩϺȡʳһܵӡ
ű˲ȳһһ˿·ǰţ·дžݻ߼̵ֲҿҶСô˳㣬ҪȻȹӺ޳ȣ붼ȫơ
þöûŵôµĿ̤ű̵ݣƽ˵
ͶţҪסéݣ춼ŵµĿҶС뿪Ц˵
áĵ˵ͷȻҡҡͷҺ룬ڣԺܻᡣ
ĻҶС΢΢һֻһϷԣû뵽Ȼᵱ棬Ҳ˵˴ϲûĵط
ǺðǸʱһʱ䣬Ҿͻɽ㡣ҶСٴ˵һ䡣
һǰһ󣬼ǰߣͻȻ䣬ҶСͣ˽ŲһұߵڴŤͷȥֻԶһһһŮ顣
һĻҶС¶һĨ֮ɫŤͷһ۴һƽȻǰߣߺһŮȻȻңûз˴ﾭ
شƫƧһѵõĺȥ˴ţʹ˾ƶ붼ǻźĿĵˡ
飬ҶСҲͬѧ˵ȴûмۼһĻ̾Ů̫ˣ̫ˣʵķѾûᷳˣµϷ
ʮӵ·̣˾Ϳ帱ͼ
ǲǶϲںĴͻȻʵ
УֻǸˣ󲿷˻ǺܱصģɵĴϻǱȽġҶСǺһЦ˵
ûһǺö˵
㲻һӴеˣлк˵ģ˵ˡҶС޳ܵ˵ʹһ˺ܾãҶСҲſˡ
㣿̫ˣҲǸˡҶСһ˵
˵ı׼ʲôҶСŤͷЦʵ
ûб׼ҿ˳۵ľǺˣĲ˳۵ľͲǡ˵Ļ˸߰еһжΪģΪȷģô¾ȷģΪǴģô¾Ǵġ
㿴ȫµ˶˳ۣǲҲر˳ۣҶСЩ΢΢ˬʵĻЩԵ
㣬࣬ȻܻģùˡҶСһ˵˵꣬ͻȻ̧ͷһ˿ɫ
ӣҶСҲ̧ͷ죬ֻղ֪ʲôʱѾǺƹƲ߾£ڣͬŭԤʾһ缴١
ǻҪȥ𣿡ҶСʵ
ţվߵɽϿǸʵɽ˵ɫǼᶨһַζ
ĻҶСͷǰߣǰѾû·ïܵӲݺ;ǰûӲݶܵ˵İ
ҶСǰ濪·ŴǰУĳһ·ֱӴŴתֱӱɽʹǺ죬οˣҶС粻뽫Լܱ¶ȥοʹĻƱػ;ķ羰һʧȥɽ塣
㲻ĻȻȥ˵˵˵еʵ뷨ʵҲһᱩ٣ҶСܳˣô˵ҶС綼ͬʶʮ죬ʹĮиġ
ôأһ˰һŮ뿪ҶСҡҡͷ˵
Ǹˡ˵ĿһĪĹ⻪ʱҶСϸܵһ΢΢жܴɽϸܵĲܲ򵥡
ĻҶСһжϺ˻˵ķʽر𣬽ƾԼϲá
ƲԽԽ񣬺ѹѹģһڴ۶£һСʱ껹ûƻھ£һ޴ı꣬˵űϾôʱ仹ûꡣ
ʱҶС翪£Ѿɽɽҵľʯûһ̲ݣԵúء
˲վߵһʯϣͷȥܹƲɽɽµһʣͬ￴һֲʵĸо
ʱ΢һҥSpeak softly love,and hold me warm against your heartI feel your words,the tender trembling moments start
ĸ顢ͬȻ֮ʵɽϣǸһ̵ֿĸо
׸ҶСϤǵӰ̸еSpeaksoftlyloveҶСû뵽䡢߰ĴȻһ档
ҶСڴĸʱһҵĽص˿տԶɽ֣˳ĴҲҶС͡
ͬʲôµһ㣬˹ĲҽУɽе˶ýϿնһ˿ĳơ


560 ɽ幹
ҵĽ󣬺ɽȻֹͣѹѹƲУһҫ۵ĵ߻ƺƣһøߴԴľ˽ɫðŹŨ̡
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ҶСҲһΪʵ̫Զˣοï֦ܵҶ赲ͷֲʲô
ղ𣿡ҶСתͷ
ˣɽ򵥣͸¶Ź죬Ҳ˵⡣ϸü΢óղǵҲ˴ӡ
ɽ⣿ҶСЩȵĿŴһ쾳߶ɽʲô⣬ʲôԾĵطΪͨ˵ĴȴоˣЩɻ
ѵΪоҶС
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ĻҶСϸȥ˵ǸӣɽйŹʲôϵ
˸ͬƺɽ壬һܵͣҲǻĹŴŶݼнܵ󷨣ֶûҾͲ֪ˣЩ񡣡˵ȻҶСһۡ
㶮ûࡣҶС羪ȵ˵źʹĽԽôܲ򵥡
ҴСϲĹŴ鼮ΪŴĻӵױȵ˵
ҶСͬĵ˵ͷӴϲʫʾܿóϲĹŴ鼮֪ҲΪ档
ǻǸϽɽɣضҪˡҶС̧ͷ˿ߵĵ˵
Ļ䣬һ޴Ķ˹ĤͭǮһСһһε£䣬˲ˣ㶼£˵Դϣ˾ŶЩ΢ۡ
ޣҵͣǸѻ죬˵ʲôʲôҶСŴٺһ£˵ߣǸϽɽ
˵꣬ҶСȴߴľʯһȽƽʯ̨ϣ֣׼ô֣ղȥʱ򣬾Ŵֽȥġ
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˶ʮӵʱ뿪ʯ·ĽʪߣÿһҪСҪȻһСģһͻʯͷһ£ʧȥ
ҶСŤͷһ۴ֻһͷɫĳԴϣˮ˳ųգһֱ£ʱĶһ˿˿߰£ͬ㺮ŮʣһϧͨŮ
ҶСĳ˿ߴˣŴעӶ֣һƾ˴ӵλã˫Ŀһϻ˹ȥһҪڵϣҶСϽסϸС
Ϊ·ȫʪ͸˵ԵʣҶСܹĸоûʲôռ˵ľٶҪ뿪ռˡ
΢΢¶ףҶСôſıϣ첲һ̵ͦβͱס˫ȣһתһѤĹâͬһĴ赲档
һɫڣһϵ·ȫɣȻͷҲˣһкҶСչμɽȥ˫ŸûͽӴǲïʢĲҶԴӲҶ帡
ҶС米Ŵ±ʱſҶС缹ϵĴ˫ĿһĨɫâһţǾ֮ɫ
ȥ䣬ҪȻһ治֪һߣصĹǹһ˿ȣɫ˫Ŀޱȡ
ͻȻ뵽Լôûп͸ҶС羹ȻߣЩ⣬ΧѤâʱӾˣûм˭Ų֮ɫһǹâڵЩ
һѡʱͰĿ궨ΪɣϣҵΪһ㣬ĵȻ˫ĿƽޱȵĺȦȦ
Լӵʱ䣬ܵɽһλãҶСͻȻͣסΣбõĹâҶС米ϵĴҲ˫Ŀâ


561 ײеĹ
ߣ¡裬֮İɫЩбïּܵ䣬ˢˢˢˢֱ죬ֲ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСŤͷ󿴣˫Ŀйâֻߵʮ׵ĵطһľҡεļΪ˲䣬һӰǰԶֻһֻͬǹһСĺɫ
ž޴ԴԴе󣬲ȴֻҰһӴϳһϸĴ룬볤һңڿ趯̽Ѱʲôһ㡣
˫ϸ¶ɫĹâϺɫıƤͺһ㣬ֻ޳ڵϣǰֻȶСе֫ǰצǳмޱָףǰһֻצץһɫ״ϸȥŷ˵ĸ첲󵽸첲һΣʱʱɺͷŪǽظ첲
ֻҶСһɺ⣬ֶû˵Ȼˣ벻ĻղǵĲҽһĸ˿ġ
ſҶС缹ϵĴҲһ𾪵ӣû뵽ܼôֲĹѵɽΧγɵǾħ˵ĻôɽӦòкܣʯһž⡣
ʱˢˢˢֻͬĹΧΧס˫Ŀб̵ĺ֨֨֨Ľţ¶˷ܵĹâǿһ㡣
ֻҶС粻һ仰ҽħУɽڤǸŮ˵̫ƽ˼ˣҶСӽ
һʼֵֻһһظ첲ѪУ׽ľ׽ҶСȫһ㼦Ƥ񣬲̣ʵ̫ˣȻһΪʳ
ֻ֨﷢һУ׵βһ˦Ĵ趯̶۾ԻһУĺȷһԾ׸ߣͬʳһҶС£צӻӶռ΢΢Ƥһݺݵĳ˹
ڱŴ˫˫ȣҶСֻܳţһŷɳһѤĹâͬһ˹ȥ
䡣һ£ֻﵹ˳ȥľʱײϡ
һɫƤëմˮб̹ӿų޵Ĺâ֫ŵأǰצͣͣƹһ㣬Լеķŭ
ҶСһȵУȻһ¶ûУҶСûгȫҲʹķֵ
òЩѲſҶС缹ϵĴ⶯˶壬ҶС֪ˣԼûо쵽۾¶һ˿֮ɫ
ˣҶСŤͷȻ뷨Сʱ֮ڲѹǣô춼ˣҶСЩҶСֻܽΪ꣬˲Żôѹ
˵ͷװһԻӿΧôһ£
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ҶСƽ̹֮ʱҶСֹâʢ۳һֻ֣գץס룬һٶȸ˼֣ŵеĴ룬һĳһʮɵ
¡ֲҶСֺ͹ײһ
˹ϣҶСо˾һ㣬ȻԷıƤûƿһɾȴ͸壬ȫݻˣһīɫҺѪ
Һ絽ïܵĲҶϣҶƱʴһ˲ήҶСܸоǹīɫҺڳ˲ȴ̺ŰԵ֮
ֻϢʧĲˣҶС˲ͽһԼֻͬ࣬֨֨֨һӶתܡ
ҶСһȻû뵽Щﻹǻ۵ģֻǲҶСĶ֣ܡ
ܣŶûУҶСбų⣬ץֻ˵ĹĴ룬йâ貣ֻʬҲѤĹâ
ֻӶʬݺݵ˦˳ȥ
顭ֻܵĹﶼҶСҵķڵأˮһŴһֻǰ̧źݺݲ£޴ԴѣīɫҺɽ
˶ʣֻͱҶСˣʬ壬ѼΧή˵ı̲ݣҶСкܳأЩﲻߣսҲսԺͺصʵˡ
ЩﵽʲôҶС粻ֻ֪ܻȥˡ
ʱ˫Ŀֻʬ壬ü
ɽɣϣˡҶС翴Ŵ˵
΢΢һȻ˵ͷ
ߣǸϽɽ㡣ҶС˵Ȼɷ˵ͽչμɽ±ȥ
˫ֱҶСĲӣһůů


562 ֮
ƺܴսǽĳһ䣬ͱˮڸǣǿݻƵĲҶľ߹ʬȴζڸǲˡ
ҶС米Ŵ뿪ӵʱƬֺݺݵضľһһ㵹һ䣬һֻƸţһСĹӺֻҶСɱĹһģһеı̹˸еȫɫףɢ⣬ʹˮĳˢҲܿǽһĹ
ֻ趯ڲ鿴ĳֶȻһģһֻʬǰıɫ۾¶˷̰ܺ
ΪצӴ̳ץסֻʬ壬һӱ˺ߣīɫҺɽܣ֮ҶήƤ˲壬ֻ޴Ĺȴ£ٴ˺ֻʬ屻˺ɺʴСƬʱȻóצץЩ˺˵飬׽ѪУīɫҺ岻ΪȻ
ֹʳ࣬ͬʬ嶼Ź
ȻŴеҶС˿֪ߺ飬Լʮӵʱ䣬ɽһκרΪ׼Сʱ಼ƬеѪˮ붼֪ǸղлŮЩ˺Եˡ
ҪߵǸ޴ƽ̨ʱҶС罫˲䣬ֱҶСŤͷ˵Ǹһ꣬ͨǰչֵġ
ףлл㱳һ·˵Ȼϵɫƽȴ¶һ˿мҶСڶο¶
лĹϵ˭˭ҶСЦЦ¶˻Цݡ
γɵˣҶС粢ûнǱܵƽ̨һ̵ſڵ£ʱҶСŽҶСȴ֣һ˿ɫûнԼִҶСĴг
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ͷʱ䣬ҶСٴν̵꣬Ͱװ棬ϰﵹˮ˳ȥ
һ뷽ѾɫͷˣҶС罫һͰ˹ȥ
лл˵һëݸҶС磬Ȼӹ˷棬ʮŵĳСǵһγԷ棬ζůůġ
ʱƽ̨ϺܶοͶվڸ̵¶꣬ǶϵرҲϤΪܶԵʣǶҪȥ̵ˣ̵ſڵ˶ܶ࣬ҶСڵ̵ſڵҲܶʮˡ
ֵܣղſŮǴ߷Ǳ߹ģûʲôΣյ飿ҶС翿̵ǽϵͷŷʱһʮꡢ̫ñʵ
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ǰÿǱܻ£ǰһŮǱ棬ǡҪʱǱ˺ʱΪҲû˹ȥͣ˺һЩ󵨵˷׷ȥʲôһ£ǽƬĺ󣬷·ȫʧˣû֪ʲô龰ͽһֻһҵĽӦ˳¡ʱ̵ϰ˳˵ҶСĻ
ǸطȽаʵƽʱʱЩһȥҲûлȥѰңʬò˵˻ˡ̵ϰ˵
ǸղŴǱ߹ʱ򣬿˺ܶ鲼ƬˡҶСһڷ˵վҶСԣһŵĳţһǵĻ
붼֪˳ˡʮҵ˵ĻͶ˽︽ˡ
֪Ǳ߳µԭ𣿡ҶСʵ
֪˵Ϊξ㣬ɽ񲻸ˣЩ˵ʧΪɽı̵ϰ˵ŵĳ
ʱ̵ǰе˶Χ˹̵ϰĽ
Ҹ˵ʵԭͲʲôɽ񣬶й̵ϰѹ˵㻹֪ǰͳ¡
ϰ˵˵ǰʲôˣһʵһȤ֮ɫҲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ̵ϰ壬
ǵʮǰ⴦ξʱһʧٰһʩ޽޴㳡ʱ򣬸տҪ޳ɵʱجνˣһʧ٣û֪ȥΪǳԲ˿࣬뿪ˣȴΪϳȥϲʱһСģȥ֮һ仰û¡
ڶ죬ʧˣʩ쵼һЩǵӣǻȥѰˣȴûѰҵÿ춼ʧ٣󣬱ˣְҲûʲô취ֻѰʲôûзֻ֣ѣ˵һúòġ


563 ɽ
Ƭƽ̨֮һɽ˶ʮˣڶ죬ʩӵɽȴִķڿտҲһҲûУǺƾʧһ㣬ǣʮĴѰңǣʲôûҵǽ¸˾죬ʲô취ʱ䣬±
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˭ұɽ壬ÿ겻֪Ӷ룬˭µļͬһͨɽͳˡʮӽ͵
Щ˵ĻҶСüͷĵҲ֪Ǳ߻жֻĹΪʲôԽγɵķĪʲôܲɣ
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ˣҪҪһ룿ǸֽͰվţҶСŤͷʵ
ҪѾˡҡҡͷ˵
ҶСӹеķͰȻ󶪵˲ԶͰڡ
лл˵һ䡣
ÿͬҶСЦЦ˵һϵ飬֮Ĺϵ˲٣ٴĻǰ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪лǰͲ˵Щͺ˰Ӧõġ
ЩģԼһСʱʱ䣬ĴС꣬ջĿ£ܶ˺ֻ´󣬷׷׳ɡɽˡ
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˴һɡȥɽʱٶ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ̨׺ܻһСˤ˹ȥùĲԼˡ
ɽʱʱѾˣ˴Լ׵ĸ߶ȣɫɫļӰΪ׵ԭ·ϣ³ɽϵ޷ãֻĨɽ
ҺûӦƣҪȻɽֱûʲôֱ
Լ˾ŵʱ䣬ɽҶСʹһ⣬ֱӷصƽǸװ̳ǼĴƷȡ˴ĳȹ͸߸Ȼ׼ȥ
ͬסôطһ̣߳װ̳ǺҶСŤͷʵ
Լһ˻ȥллҹ֡ҶС˵ʯɫ˸űĹâ
лʦ˵ز죬ʲô⣬ҶҪ㣬ǺǡҶСЦЦ˵
ΪϣҶС粻һŮһ˻ؼңٴҪʹؼң˵µģҶСֻȴȥ·Сһ㣬ʲô¾ʹ绰˵꣬ҶСһ⳵뿪ˡ
ҶСıӰ˫ĿгһɱƺЩᣬѾѡˣҪҵˣ飬ٶ飬ҲǺѣϣһ˳
˵գ˫ĿһƬϻƾʧ·ûгֹһ㡣
صƽСѾǿҪʮһˣߵſھŮӵЦС鷳ֿɶĽѩġ
ĽѩҶСЩ棬ΪĽѩʱ򣬲Żټû뵽Ȼˣɴ˿ɼĽѩͦġ
ѩҶС˽ȥϴЦݽһ
СˣڳԷһԡĽѩϲ֮ɫָŲ輸ϵķ˵
Ǵģ輸߰˵÷װĲˣҶСʵ
ǰǸģʱ˳һЩˡĽѩ˵ĿЩԹʱҸ绰ôҲͨ󣬴գ˵ȥˣûгԷһЩû뵽ҲûгԣǾ׼ȳԣĻʱҪȻ͸ֻʣ·ˡ
ţȥе顣ҶС˵ЩΣ˿ӣĽѩûʲôȥˣһ
һһҪҸͣ򣬽˯ڵϣߡҶСԷʱĽѩͻȻ˵ͬʱһ⣬ݺһšҶСһۣȻװʲô鶼ûзһ߳ԷһߺŮģҶСһߡ
ҶСЦһ£һ߳Էһġ


564 Ľѩ
ʰһֿɶ׼ؼҵģĽѩסԼķϢһĻҶС֪ĽѩҪúˡ
꣬ȫһɹζҶСϴ˸Żص˷䣬ʱĽѩѾ˴ϣͲѴռʵʵҶС˯
վڵϣվһϡҶС˽ĽѩһµҶС˵
ɣվһϣⲻҪҵ𣿡ҶСװһ˵Ȼ󣬺ٺһЦĽѩͬⲻͬ⣬˴ϡ
׼ҵĴϣҾͲ㡣Ľѩһ˫ĿҶС磬㣬׼ҶС硣
ҵĴģΪʲôҶСƵ˵
棬ҵġĽѩһӣȥȥ㲻ȥҾҪˡ
ҲѵͲĽģҶСٺһЦĽѩ˵
ҶСĻĽѩϽԼ˻ȥСһ죬ҶС龰Ŀһװ˵ҡ
ҲңҾ͸ҡҶСһЬһѣһ˴ϣĽѩӵ˻Уߴһ˵ѩôˣǲǹҽûнĵ绰
ĽѩôʱĽҶСѾĽѩ㣬ֻҪ˻УȻڶ߿Ķ˵ʹٴԹĽѩԹԵģƤ򣬵ȻССƢǻᷢһġ
ҽ챾Ǹ绰ÿһζʱ޷ͨһΪʲôˣմ˵绰֪ǳȥˣ˵ȥˣĽѩһʮίӣȻСԴضҶСʵ
ĽѩӣҶС绹׼ʵʵ˵ȻĽѩЩˣܱ֪ԼƭҪõöࡣ
ǣҶС罫´˵һ飬ȻŴ·¼ڵȵԹû˵ҶС˵˽Ǳˣ˹˵ЩΪ˷ɢĽѩעĽѩ롣
Ľѩ˵ЩʱҶСרעĿ˫ۣһʾ˵ʱ۾Ļ˵ĳЩ롣
ѩɱ룬жôҪ֪ģǵͬѧһУĿףܹ¶ټԸ񣬼ʶʲôˣһæͬѧӦġҶС͵
ΣҾ㣬㲻ߵ̫ˣϲƯرõŮӣߵ̫Ҳģ˭֪᲻ᱻߡĽѩҶС硣
ģһᱣһľģοǼѩôƯѵԼûһģҶС籧Ľѩ˵
ȻǣǸˣûұȽϣȷʵҺãߣһҪúöġĽѩͷԼظЩй˲ͼᶨһҪԼĲܱԷȥˡ
ϸ˵Ľѩظͦлģ仹Сȶʮʱ²ǰ㲨ӿˣΪʵȵȵ⣬ǵ嶼Ƚϻ𱬣ظβȶǿö౶ҲĽѩԼĲ˵ĺõԭ
ѩѾܲˣıøõĻòŶҿ԰ġҶС绵һЦ˵Ȼ־Ľѩͦθʵķ͡
ĽѩһҶСĻ֣΢ҶСһ£Ľѩֹͣ˷ҶС紦ãֻҪеĵ߾ͳɡ
һĽѩˣҶСϾ˯ˣϻźΣĽѩ˯ˣһ˯ⶼûУһΪղźĽѩڹеСֵܻһ죬ǽڽֹĪķꡣ
ֹû˵ǲ̶̳˷ָֻڿƻõӰвܿײйĶ
ҶСֻһ£ûֹκϢдҲѲѵľһЩûõϢ
Ȼ˵˹ﲻ£ʹ˻иӸߵ˶ţ˶кģҶСҲ⣬Ūʲô
֮£༭һŽǹòȫдȻ󷢸֣Ǳ򣬲ô˵֣Ǳ˴ӵܣʶԶԶ磬֣Ǳ֪ʲô
ŷȥֻ˴ͷ׼˯
ʱ򣬿֣Ǳ˯ˣҲûбϣ֣Ǳܸضš
ҶСպ˫Ŀֻùֻһ֣ǱģĴĽѩԴԼĸ첲Ǻë̺ʹһã˳ȥ
ʱ滹꣬վſڣҶС֣Ǳĵ绰
ιû뵽ô㻹û˯ҶСЦЦ˵
ҲҲû˯ǲǸղŲź͵ˬꣿ֣ǱһЦ˵
ģҿûôҺ֮Ǵİ顣ҶСһ䣬ղſҷĶûУ


565 ɡ
յˣֹҴû˵Ҹ˵ϸûֹţҪǶƷ˽⣬ҲΪǽüֶۺ˵һ顣֣Ǳ˹
ҲûмֹҶСЩȣǰ˴岻Ǵǧ𣿡
ҶֵܣǼǴǧ겻٣ܶණǼ¼ϵģ֪ҵԸҺöûǸȥղص飬Ҹȥʱˣ˵Ǽеĳ֪ʲô
õģһʲôаĻǰ˴еæˣǺǡҶС˵
ǿɲһ˵һ㿴ĹĳֶضĻвı塣֣Ǳ˵
Ըɣֻٷ֮һٶǱ壬ڵѪҺīɫģǿҹʵˣܺͺصĸ
ʲôʵܺͺصĸ֣Ǳһȡ
ǵģķرˡ
ֻﻹʲôܲһ˵ꣿղſĶţһΪĸӸı壬ڿܲ򵥡֣ǱЩء
ȻˣֹĿǰ֪ж˱ˣҾֹֻĻжˣҪúùһܡҶС絭һЦ˵
ɱŻң˵СĿš֣Ǳ˵
͵ǿɣҶСһûûεӡ
Ҽĳһ绰ݰݡ֣ǱЩءЩҶСĻ֪ԣ˵꣬͹Ҷ˵绰
ֻҶС̾һʱΪһƿҪͻƿһϦ֮䣬ҲһӶͻƲˣЩķңһʼܹʱЩմմϲԴӽӴҶС˼
һչ¶ͷǣһһΪߣȲ˵һ͵һкܶˣ޷սʤΪ˼رǿ
Ҳ֪ΪǼģʱΪΪˣ˵ʱ򣬾ȻȻĶˣνԻĲ
һҶСƽŷ飬ǰһƶףСϣʪ˵ĺڷʪ塣
˿ƽȱʲôҶС
Ĳֻ֮һ˿˿Ϳͻˣһ˿˿ųĲĴ⣬ŬزԼȥ룬ǣԴȴʹ˦˦Դ
С磬ô˯վУʱһҶСֿɶ
Ǻǣ˯šҶСתһЦߵſڣʱֿɶһɵĶ䣬㷢ЩɢңȥһζʱƬϴϣһܹߺ졣
ô˯ҶС翴ֿɶ˵
Ҹղȥϴּ䣬Сһ棬͹ֿɶ˵ǵ֮ɫĿҶС硣
Сû£Ͻȥ˯ҶСֿɶǰļ㷢
û£ֿɶС΢΢һ죬ͷɻʵ
ȻˣղСһЩûףﷳڼɶˣǺǣϽȥϢԡҶСֿɶ㷢ϴЦ˵
šҶСĻֿɶų˻һЦݣҧһ촽ż⣬ҶСһڣϸֳһƬΣȻ󣬸Ͻ˻ȥ
ֿɶıӰҶСղűֿɶһµĵطҡҡͷЦһѾͷ
ʱҶСֻһ֣ǱģѵѾʳǸʲôҶС
ɻҶС˵绰ʳˣ
Ҷֵܣò㣬нд鷳ˡ֣Ǳܳء
ôˣʲôˣҶС羪ɵʵ
ݵֹֽɡһּΪħȿռ䣬ɡֻħĳ̬ͨ˴ʳնԷɳȴﵽһ̶ȾͻԶһ̬ħ̬ѱ䣬ʵɱӣܱʲôӣ˭Ҳ֪˵ܹε̬ЩҴүү˵ġ
ôУҶСɻʵгĻǳ˺ܶˣҲ֪̬ıûУЩǹؼΪؼǲ֪жħһܶĻҪˣģ綼ֻ֮С
ΪռĲȶҲӵǸռͨģֻЩϼһ￴˲֪ǰħ뵽˻ģʧ˺߲ܶǣвʥ֣εЩأҴүү˵ͼϼһȥҲģǺǣûа취ĻǸûʲô취ɣ֣Ǳ˵˵һ仰ʱֵָֻӡ
Ҳûеģǰ˴֧ŻģһʲôҶСЦЦ˵
ҾҪúʱټҲҪӽСıҳˣʱһҪͷ¸¸¡֣ǱЦ
ðֻҪʵҶСƽһ󣬾͹˵绰ҶС糤һȻ󷵻˷䡣


566 Ϲ
ڶգȻȴû꣬Ľӿڣ˺ʫİֹ¶Ŀ֪ǼĶѾȫ޺ˣǸ
˽ҺҶСЩ΢΢ȣһɫ˶¾λϣϰߣһʫʣ˽̧ͷһۣĿͶ鱾ϡ
λϺҶСһкȻ͵ȴʦĴĴǰЩͬȻһ䡢߰ɵӣϵȴ˺ܶ࣬һ꽫ϵˢ˲٣ҶС֪ĳЩͨˣˡ
һһŲԲǶģֻʦ˽һڿαǶĿΣʦȴ˽վڽ̨˵һ£ΪЩ飬԰Ŀεˡ
Ҳ֪ʦʲôըҩһڿβͣطһ⣬ͬѧǴ򲻳ͻһĹҲ֪Ÿű˻˸ĸƢı꣬ͬѧľһڿΡ
ҶСεʱϷĽ嶥ҲҶСʹϵɽ嶥һɫۡ׷üվɽͷӣüĿһĨݣ֣ǱĴүү֣ǧ
ѵһͨɣôĵ伮ûжԿռ䲻ȶĽڵռͨɳƵд
ϹһֹʲôһϵƬأȻڷ嶥ռ䣬ֻ֣ǧǰĿռ΢΢ͻȻһɢȥͻȻͶһˣҲŻɫĳۣ˫ĿƬǿգգͬŵ¶һε̨ף֧
Ҷúÿɽ塣֣ǧָ˵
󣬻ûпʲôͳ֣ǧԣͷȥƺܲ򵥣ôһַӡĸоҸоˣɽ̺ϵҶоЩľϹټ˵˴飿
Ϊʲô£֣ǧһ
ʱһɻʵĽͻȻƬأǹɽ⣬պƲ㶼˿һ̫Ĺâ£γһ澰
һɫóۡͬвŨҶƾճԣĸɱϱһıҪǱʱҪѹ塣
϶Ͳܰһӵ𣿡֣ǧһ˵
ڡӲ³˸֡
Ļ£嶥ƾվ˿磬嶥ӲʯһƤһ޴ĳʯᾡ͹ƽɽȻһӱһƽ̨Ӱͻأֶ
ˣϼһܾöûˡſЦǴһзģһͷڷ裬д˴˵񡢷ŵ˵װ粻ͬһз
һ˻ϲװۣߣԽԽΪϲˣûаλԹŮƭ߰ɣҶɫĺ붶˶˵
Ҷɱ˵ǿҵŮôΥ֮أҪŮ࣬ٺ١̬ȻᣬǴǲɣƳһеĳγĿ⣬ͿԿܴ
ǸûǸǰ첻ǻһŮ˦˼ŮҪз֮£ͬ⣬ǸŮָıӴһ˵飬ǸˣȻתߣû˦һơ˵һɫ۵ߣһЦ˵ɫֳһֻ֮ɫ
Ϲ϶ϺˣͱҵϵˡղŻ̬Ե÷ŵ϶һ˿̬
Ϲ˵Ǽ¿ģʱһʵҰɫüëһ壬мֳºֵܵӰӣǳ¼ҵϹ
İɣҵ˵һʱ򣬷ˡɡҲ֪ħܲϳɳϽһħɡĻʱ»кܶ޹Ҫ֣ǧɫص˵
ƬΧǲĴڡɡһװϺ˵˫ĿбŷΪɫâȻһϣĿռ΢΢ƷȦȦǲɢԲʮĿռ䶼Ʊǡ
ſ񣬶֪һ¡Ҷҡҡͷ˵
ԼʱϺΧȦȦɢȥ˫ĿһĨɫâһţŨڵüëšһ𣬡ϹԲʮ֮ڣʲôûУò㱻ƭ˰ɣ
ƨܱһСëƭˡ֣ǧƿڴһûһ˵ķ緶
ǿɲһ˭֪أڵԣ˵Ļûһɿԡ˵һɫЩˣЩֻ
˵ôܰħɡݵô׼ȷҪֶ֪Ҳֻ˵ѣϹһ£ٷḻȱݳɡ㲻̫ɺǸµĻ޻˵֣ǧЦһ˵
ߣҵɲ˵ѡ
ˣͲҪˣΪѰħɡģܵģǸʱ仹ٺúò鿴ܷܲʲôҶһԲ˵


567 ħֲѷ
ҶĻ˵꣬޴ͻȻվֱ壬һӿȵɢǵ˫Ŀлķâ֮ɢǸɱԲͺúܻܿ࣬˵ӣѾǸղǰˡ
ʵԵɫ˫Ŀбųֱɽһ֣ǸλҶСֻսλá
ƾһץƴԽ˿ռ䣬һɫƬ״ĶͳУȫָֻԭһͷӣϸĹ۲ɫƬ״ĿоҪͨ͸
ͷʲôҶǸɫĶɻʵ
ħɡϵĶȷе˵ϵۼסûһ˿Ĺ¶ͷ˵
ҿûҶʲôƬɫĶͳУ󿴿ҿȷʵЩмصġɡۼףƬɽ巶Χȷʵħɡǵúúҡ
˵꣬ͰѺɫۼ׵ݸϹ
Ϲӹ󣬿˿˵ҵ˵ɱֻɡȴҲǵʬ壬ôֻһˣǾǱǵͬˣƬɽΧٻһֻ
˵֣ǧðŹ⣬Ȼеۼ׸ˣ˫Ŀž⡣
˿Ҳͬ۵㣬ɽΧħɡǷֿжѰħɡټ嶥ϣ˵Ӱ˲ʧˣʧʱûаףƴûгֹһ㣬᾵Ĺʯƽ̨仯֤Ǹղȷʵֹ
ԼӺһХ޽ƽ̨ɽ֮䣬ɽֻϺƾվؿŰɽһֱԼΪ׵ѨѨںģʲôҲ
ռ΢΢ߵӰڣһ־ͽĶŶڡ
ֲøղʲôûзֻ֣վڲܸоһ˿˿Ҷ˵һ䡣
Ҫȥ𣿡¼ҵλϼһ￴ضѨ˵
ȻҪˣ϶вĵط˵ûУѵ㲻ˣ֣ǧЦһ˵
ղɽʱ򣬳¼ͷЦһڵȻҲҪȥ
˭˵Ҳˣھ͵һȥ¼ͷݺݵĿһ֣ǧһͳˣ˿һۣҲų˽ȥ
һΪĶѨѨб£ȻͻȻ䴹ֱ˸ΧĿռ䶼Щ΢΢ŤƬռһ㣬һľ裬֪ѾûʲôвǵȫˣǣעһȽϺãϾʨӲȫ
һа˼½˴Լӵʱ䣬ǵٶȣٶףûеףԼٹӵʱ䣬˸ڰȫŵˣһ޴ѨǼΪӲĺɫʯ飬ʯɢźĵĽ
һԼ׵ѷ죬˿˿ѷðϸĻܹͬһصĿռ䣬һε赲ѷ档
ѵͬһռ䲻ɣҶѷɻ˵
治ռ䣬ռмɵĿռ䡣֣ǧž˵
ߣȥϺ˵ɫĹâɢǲεͱֿˣ˸һʧˡ
ѷһޱ߼ʵ޿ռ䣬߼ʣһߴʮɵԲŻ˾ȵŻûţֻһתŶɫʵĹĤĤмһССȱڡ
ͨͨռ䡣֣ǧŻзžηĹâ˵ܸܵſ̲Żһ˿ɣ˳һ˲仯Ϊޡ
ǿǱߣҶͻȻָԶһƾƯɽ庰
ǰ˶ʥ֣ĿһԶƯ޿ռо޴ɽϣֻƸţһħɡֱֱվһþ޴ޱȶϣɢű̵Ĺâ﷢
ħɡ¼ͷһƬ𾪡
ȥնɱǡϺ˵һ䣬һʧɽϿգͷɽֻħɡһ˿мֻֻ쾳ʵħǲֱͬϡ
ֻӶһֻ޴յɫγɣݺ£ֻħͬɽټ䱻飬ֻħĲˣɽ廯˳
ʥͶ֮лص
ˣ󹦸ɣǵˣǡϺƾʧǰЦ˵
û꣬ǿǸĤϳһСѷ죬һЩħǴˣǸѷֲϣ»ħ֣ǧɫص˵
ôֲϺɻʵ
ǰԼԣǿĻɫǶɫʣ˵ɶԵɵģһϵķӡҴӹϿġ֣ǧ˵
˵˵ͷ໥һۣͬʱ֣˵ͬɫĹâ˹ĻĤĤǵȱϣѷ컹ʣһʱ޼£ֻ֣ͣˣѾֲѷɢ
Ϲôһ£Ҷʵ
֪ĤܵصĴˣԶҲ޷ֲÿһʱҪ֣ǧ˵
ҲֻˣȻȥȻ뿴ûİ취Ϻ΢΢̾һ˵
˸˵һʧˡ


568 
﷦ζڽˣҶС糤һҪ֪ڵһŲҪһŭ𣬻Ҫĭӣ˭ܲˡ
һڿҶС綼ǵͷΨ˹ԼϣҶСұߵĺʫǰ
ʦμֱҶС̾һ䡣
ʦһܣڿʫʵĴ΢΢ƫԴҶСʵһĨɫʡ
ȻˣŮαһܡҶС˿ε˵
ˣͬҷ˺ܶ࣬Իˣûǰô䵭ҶСϸĿŴ˵
ǰǲܣ̧ʵǹҳһ˿΢΢ļЦϸĻͿ
ҶСһЦ˵ǰĴȷʵЩܣʲôʱһƽı飬ûһ˿ĸ鲨ŲѩҪܡ
С磬һ¡ʱſڴһҶСϤĺװ
ҶСŤͷװ˵ͷȻվӴ߹ڴǼɫ˿ʵˣҶСܹĿһƬѩףֻһ۱ҶСһҪѪĸо
ʱо±ʲôסˣͷȥȴĽѩԲСȣ׼ҶСҶСЦһ£һ磬˳ȥתʱ򣬿ĽѩһۣԼһۣԼղźʹ˵
߳ҺҶСװߵ˽ѧ¥ѧУΧǽǸխСյء
ҶС磬湻ѵģȻôã㴴Ҳ˵һߵƬСյغװҶСһȭװһʮ˵
ҶС紴ϢˣЩ΢΢ҶС粻ѣ˷ҲҲȻˣԼĸͻҶСҲ
װһȭԾҶС绹Ե࣬˼ЦЦ͵ҲҪģֻúѧϰҪ·
㲻Ҳ·𣿡װһ䡣
Һ㲻һ׼׵׼·ҵĿ׼һ׳סڷɵҶСҡҡͷ˵
ҶСĻװһ㶣û뵽ҶСĿ꾹ȻôԶҶСĻ֪ҶСȷʵһ
С磬û뵽㾹ȻôԶ룬־ȻҾһ£ӽ쿪ʼװǷһԱˣȻֻҪҼ롣װЦһ˵
ӦˣҶСʵ
Ȼˣ¶ôһְҸŵһԲܲͬ⡣װһҶС磬С磬㵽ͬⲻҼ룿
ҵĸǣܲͬ𣿲ڣ󡣡ҶС˵
ҪȸꣿװС磬㿴ôõĹϵܲھͼ룬һᰴʱϿεġ
װһڴĿҶС硣
ϸ˼һ£ҶС˵ԣȼ籣˾꣬ڵʵ̫ˣֻ׼ż˺ȥҪʱȥˣɱҲ롣
ãֻҪܼͳɡװٺһЦԺС磬ǽ٣
ģôĹϵȻСˡҶС̧װ߳ȥװһͶ㿪ˡ
ʱѾҪϿˣ˷ֿ󣬻ص˸ԵĽҡ
ĽѩǰʱĽѩһҶС磬Ȼ̧ŲһҶС磬һǰŵĴ漣ĳһĨЦ⡣
ҶСĽѩЦһ£˿ûԼһţתλϣװģһ鿴ţ˼ȴܵ˱ĵط
ļ룬ҪԸͻӵף֧λͻλãӵؿͻһ÷صĸҲ˵ʱ򣬷һҶĲ
⣬ͳһָտɴԺҲͿȫˡ
ϳ⣬ΣҶС綼Ŀ飬úÿĽڿΣȫȫԡ
ѧ󣬾Ǹװ޵ŵԣҶС翴˿Ѿװ޺ˣܵȵһжȫʱڴɨ
ҶС׼Ө绰һѾпҪһˣûиӨһε绰ЩΡ
ʲôأҶСЩӰ˵ʱĽѩҶСĽѩһԵĺʫҲĿͶҶС硣
ĽѩĻҶСǺһЦ˵ûʲô
ҶСһ˵㣬·㣬ΪʱʫԱߣúʫܡ
ҶС綼Щƣ֪ĽѩôģԴ֪ʫҲסƽҵǱߺÿηѧؼңĽѩϺʫһؼңҶСЩ΢΢ĲȻ
ҶСĻĽѩֻǡŶһû˵ʲôȴҶСһؼ˵
ҶСεЦһ£ȻĽѩǱȽϽԣȴҲʶ壬ǰҶСӡ


569 ĵ绰
ʱڲߣתۼѾǰ¶ʮˣصҺҶС͸Өһ绰˵һ黰Ȼ˵ԼѾװ޺ѧУſڵһҵ̣ھ
ҶСӨʲôʱӨԥһ£ҶС¶ʮҪú׼ʱ䣬ҪԼż˵һ
⼸еĵϷһ£ǾͻմȨˣһֱֵӶ˶ͷ˺ܶɣʱ䣬ˡ
¼ֻһߣͻԴһеĴȨڸУͳֻӵкٵֵܣÿһεİ֮ͳ˧ᣬ߸ÿбìܣˣڰĻǺܷӵģϾ˭
ľӪÿÿڵǴȻֵµҲˣģÿڵ˲֮ģȴûиҳΪǳͷ֮񣬱ϾĻۣԣûһÿڵܱȵùͳе
ѱĸÿڶ׷Ч£Ҳˣ׷׶Ȼ˼غ䶯иȴûʲôͻİûУϵ˶ֻ֪Ǳǰбһ졣
⼸ϵԽԽˣżǻҳǳǳ΢ЦȻֻǶҶС磬Ȼһ䵭ӣ̬Ժ˺ܶ࣬ٺܶʻʱ𸴣ǰһῴ
һ죬ǡ壬ӢεʱҶСֻȻ𶯣ΪҶСǰţ˶ỹֻڽε΢΢ͣһ£ƳҶСһۣΡ
ҶСŶһЦ͵͵ذֻӿ㶵ȡһǼĵ绰ȥӣ뻹ˣȻ˵ͶѾֹϵǣô˵ʦԼѧ
ĵ绰ҶСŶ֪绰ʲô£޷ǾջȥϾѾҪѧˣȥ죬ġ
¿ˣ뿪ҵʱߵʱ򣬿ҶСһۣ۹Щӣǰ߳ңҶС뿪
С磬עһ㣬ðֻˡнŲŤͷһҶС磬˵
ǣʦ֪ˡҶС翴𾴵˵˵꣬Ŷգգۡ
΢΢һ죬ĵҶСһۣȻתߣŶߣ綯˵ӰҶСͷһȣѹסԼеߵ˽ſڵĻ԰ԣóֻ˼ĵ绰
С硭ҶСĸ׵
裬ղҴ绰ʱϿΡҶС˵
⼸ѧУðɣûѣʵ
һжãͲҪˣ绰ǲջȥ
ǰտҪѧˣѾѧУϵˣԭصѧȥϤϤĻ
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570 Է
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СͬѧʲôǲʲôԵĵطʵ
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ĽѩֿɶȰ⣬С鷳ͬˣԾһӿҶС硣
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ɣһ죬Ĳʲô鷢ˣʲô飬綼յġҶС˵
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ĽѩȥС鷳ֿɶ˶׼ˣֻ˳ԹȻһ֣ڳԷʱֿɶȥһ绰ʱϹһĨϲõЦݡ
գһɶһϲϴ;ߵʱֿɶС鷳ǳǳһЦ˵
ʲôϲ˶кĵģСӵĺأС鷳ȻֿɶĻסˡ
Ȳ㣬һ֪ˡֿɶ˵
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УҵС㵱Сġ粽õ˵
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ѩáμѼߵĽѩһĽѩĸ첲˵
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572 ĵԱ
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һһҪҲ֪۾һ㣬
⼸̳һЩʵȨ˵֮ģƽʱб۸һЩŮӣ֪Ϊ˲鷳һֻ۱һֻֻۣҪǲҪ̫֣ùܣؼﲻû뵽ȴͱô¨ӡ
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ѵ׼ϷŮӣҲΪ̳ҶС練һ䣬ǹҳһ˿Ц
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ǿֻǰҵ磬ѩͱˣҶֻԴһ֪ģרģеλ˭Ҳ޷ġҶС˵Ȼߵ˴ϣĽѩڻУ˴ϡ
ÿ˶ԼĿɰϲһ棬ŮӶǶһ޶ģȻǱŮ޷ģҶСǾ仰Щ壬ƭĽѩҲҶĽѩ滰ֻ˵ģɵĻ
ߣ˭֪أʵ˭ȥ·ˣĽѩҶСĻѣ򴲱ƣҶС籣һߵľ롣
Ҹ㶼˵ˣȥ䣬󣬾ҪɽǾȥˣųȹ͸߸ЬͲ㣬Ҿʹȥһ˶ģѩͱˣͬѧ֮һ·ҲģģҾòĵġҶС˵׼Ľѩ
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ߣ⻹࣬ɲ´ΣҪȻ㣬Ȼ㡣ĽѩҶСһۣȻ̧޳ȣҶСһţǸҶС羯档
ٺ٣Ȼ´ˡҶС绵һЦŲ嵽ĽѩԣȻĽѩӵ˻У̧Ǽ°ͣĿĽѩȻͷǽ۵ĺ촽ĽѩϵĿݣ˫Ŀ룬һ̡
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㿴壬ӵķ⣬ò˼ͻ᳹׿ʱ䣬͸ȥ޻Ǳ߶һ£ٸһУҴǵĹҲȥһ£壬ķӦȵӣѾܹﵽĿľˣΪˣҲܴﵽĿˮƽӦöıˮƽߡҶС¶˴ջСı顣
ܹﵽĿľ磿ӥз˲õ⡣
ġҶС˵
úҲ뿴ϸʮһ˵ĹǰΪ㡣ҶСһӥ˵
ǣ١ӥ˵
æģˣ㲻͡ҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ˳ȥӥĻڣʱºһڻڵҶС硣
硭ºƸ׼վȴҶС˰֣ʾҪôĿ
ͻǱߵôҶСһӣ˳ºǰʵ
ѾȫסˣֺõֵܸߣһΪ˼ɱˣһֵܰмͻԷֹ˼º˸ž˵
޻ĻҶС۾һӳºż仰УͿԿ޻˼Ѿת˹׵ȥǰС˼άû˼ࡣ
ãԺ齻ȫԷġҶС֮ɫĿһ۳ºƣæ⣬ʣʱúɣסʵ;⣬һ׼һĽӰˣǲһֱڶлڵ
٣ǲˣºһţʵ
ûʲôѾܵˣΪĺ
ǵģȷʵǰԶˣ֪ҵʲСºЩյ˵ɫ仹Щ⡣
⣬ǻ⣬֮к쳾ҵ̫֮࣬ʹñȱٵյһ˿Ⱦʹ츳ڸߣֻһֱҲأҪΪÿ죬ȥĵطҵ˼𣿡
ף˼ǣԺܻȥĵطе齻ºɻʵ
ǣԴڿʼҪǰ׼һЩ˴󵨵ĲãֻҪģûⶼԡҶС˵
ǣ١ºƹ˵
֪ͨȥ̵ȵȣǵһŬЩĳԱѵô
ѾʮĳԱˣǳ̿࣬ҹƣٹ£ȫܴﵽ۷塣
áԺˡҶС˵
ҶСٸºƽһ£עһĶȻ뿪˷ĴӪ


580 Ǹû
Τ·ĴӪ߳ҶСûмŻؼңҵϵСԽ֣ʱҲʮ࣬ϵ˲Ǻܶࡣ
һεҵ¼󣬼ÿ̶װһ£ߵϸһֻȻһµĸо
СˣʫʫȥʫʫǸùһҪϧ
Сãôʫʫˡ
С磬ԷûҪһ棿
ҶС˽ֵԺ̵ܶϰ嶼ҶСĴкҪҶС磬ϻгӣΪҶСĹϵȺ˵̵ļһﲻ̣ÿÿ⳥ʧһжԴҶС硣
ʫĵҲװˣԭɵĵ˰Ĵשǰɾˣһ꣬Ȳ˵ķζΣؼҪһۿ꣬ôԵرҪˡ
áζãûԷ
ҶСʫҵ̵ǰʱѦæлƹ˿Ϊһ׼
Сˣʫʫ¥ѧϰʫʫ˵ѧϰرãʫʫʲôⲻԸһ¡ҶС磬ѦЦ˵һĸ￴Ů񣬲Ŀȴһ˿ĸӡ
ǸĸϣԼĺԺܹҸ֪ҶСѾŮѵˣŮȴҶС緢ֹϵԼŮ׺ҶСֿŮԸ֪ģһ˵ʮͷţҲ
ҶСҲֱ֮ˣ˶ǵǾٹˣȻ˵ģﻹЩġ
Ǻǣ˵ϸʫ⣬ѧϰҲͦõģ̣ȥˡҶС˵һȻȥ
Ѧ񷼿һҶСıӰ΢΢̾һҡҡͷЩ˵˿
¥ҶС翴ʫſţ˹ȥֻĽѩǰͷдʲô˹ȥûзһ˿ߵʫʱҶСӱס
ʫһ׼УͻȻŵϤζͷ˵ôˣ
ôͲˣҶСںʫߴһЦ˵
С磬ȷſңҰ⼸ꡣʫҶСһϷ˺ΣһĸоϽҶС˵
ҶС˵ͷſ˺ʫȻԵĴߣǸⲻңҸ㽲
šʫ˵ͷһƽһµȻͷ⣬һ۾
ҶСĿתĿĺʫĺʫޱȣڼįʢĶ㣬ҷ¶ĬĬԼܰ㡣
ԼʮӺĽѩԾ˹⣬һ󣬺ʫüͷƺ˼⡣
ҶС翴˿һ⣬ǵ⽫糡ųԼѧ֪ʶȫ˽ȥѧۺĿҪȽϴ
ǵͼΣһ䣬ҶСԴоͳһ˼·
ôˣ㲻ҶСʵ
ֻһ⣬ڶ͵ᡣʫҡҡͷɫЩȻ
𲻿ģа֪ʶ̫ˣǻûоϵͳܸϰ󣬾ϰ;úܼˡҶСЦŰο
Ҹ㽲ҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ󣬲䷳ĸʫˣֱʫŪΪֹʫҶСͶлĿ⣬ҶС˰֣ʾⲻҪô
ʫ׾ӿ󣬷һߣתͷʵС磬ʦڲõԾѾˣ
ʦʲôʱԾҶСɻĿźʫ
㲻֪һڿομʮӵʱ򣬿δ⡣ʫҶС˵
ˣҪҹˡҶСЦһ˵
ʫǲʲô£ҶСͻȻʵӺʫϸܵһɵķ֮üҲһɳԹʫŮӣǶȻὫ¶ģʲô£϶ĵף˵뷳ˣҲΪġ
ʫȴı飬Ǿ˵һвʲô飬ղڴߵʱͷˣΪ´˺ʫ⣬ʱûʡ
ûʲô¡ʫҡҡͷ˵¶ЦݣЦǿ˭һܹ
ʫѵ㻹ҪɣҶСվʫ˻У˵
ûʲô¡ʫ۾ĴģȻ˵
㲻˵ҾҪˡҶСװʮ˵Ȼſ˺ʫ
ҶСЩҲˣĪһʹ̴һ㣬ۺۣЩԥҲ֪òøҶС˵
ʫҵˣʲô²˵ģʲôԸңһġҶСؿźʫ˵ǹ֮ɫ
ҡ㲻ҪҡҶСĿʫͷС˵ǽź
ʫô˵ֺô᲻ҪأҵŮˣģܳʲô飬Ҷģ᲻ҪģȻ
Զˣᱳġʫᶨ˵
㣬ңǳʲôˣҶСʵ
ҡǸѾһûˡʫͷһ㷲ӣ˵еĻмֵġ


581 ¼
ʲôʲôһڶûҶСɻʵ룺ʲôһûȻúʫǳӡ
Ǹʫ˵Ϸһ˿ߺ졣
ĸҶСɻˣĿźʫ֪ʲôûúʫ߳ӡ
ҶС绹Ҫʣһƽ͡ʮְĺʫǺˣϵĺζӵ˶ӣָָԼ棬ӬǸ
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ʲô˵ĴһûˣҶС˵һ飬ʱӦ˹пһ¡
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ôɰɣպˣҶСһεʱ򣬺ͺʫ䣬ʵЩ̲סͽľȫͷˣû뵽ȴ鷳
ҶСҲǵһ飬жЩţʫǳʱе˿֮ʧˣԼյˡ
С磬㲻ΪһˣҪҰɣʫҶСʵȻֻһţҶСܹܵǿҵĸ鲨
ôأѵˣҶС罫ʫĽѩԼϣͬʱһʫڣ鿴
ĸûֵڶļ˵˺ʫûлУΪ飬Ƴ١
⵽ҶСǣЦ˵Ҫ㣬ô
Ҳ֪ҵǲĲҪˣΣʫԽӡ
ôأҶر˻У𣿡ҶСںʫ۵ĺ촽һ˵
ҶСĻʫһѩźһĸ첲رҶС磬ԴҶСļͷһ˫γںڵ˫Ŀ˾Ө顣
С磬лл㡣ʫ˵
оԼļʪˣҶСһ㣬úʫԴ뿪Լļ˫ʫգĲһˮ˵ˣٿСҴƨɣҪ룬ҸղŲ鿴ˣûлС
ʫɻĿҶС硣
ѵ֪һ书鿴ģûһڶļ󣬿ΪʱѹˮƳˣԺҪעһ㣬ԼʩѹҶС˵
ʫгı飬ҶС绵һЦʵǲЩʧԼûлС
ҲûСʫѵýĵҶСһۣȻҶСıһ£ҶСֻԵ˸ͣȺûʲôֱ
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ҶС粢ûʫϵ˲໥´һϾʫҲҪˡ
ʫһҶС뿪ˣܴźʫѧϰ뿪ʱѦԹߣҶСίľܾˡ
С磬лл㣬Ҫ㣬С̯ǰװױˣҲûʲôøлģǰȻͨȴŰ̵⡣߳ʫҵĵ̣ҶС˼һʮ˵ĸŮҶС˵
̣ÿǶסһģæӦõģҾˣлл̣ˡҶСŶԷݹļϴЦ˵Ȼ󣬾ƽСȥ
ҶСǲǸģԷеĳϿңҶСֻôӦҪǲӦĻ˾߰
ΪǸŮΪ̼˽ֵ߸ҵ̵ϰ壬Ƿ׷óԼڵľʳлҶС磬߳СԽֵʱҶСѾʮϴˣȫǸָʳ⻹ҶС˺ܶ˵ĽҪȻ¶óˡ
ڵײ˾ӣãᾴһӣҶСҲûа취Ž͸ʳ
ҶСصƽССڵ˶۹⿴˵ͣȻôķ
ҶСһΣʮϴķһֱ¥̨ŽعţҶС绹ΪĽѩͺʫȥˣԿ״ţſڣֻĽѩһ֧ɳϣŵĶſڣҶСʱһ
ôˣôųǸӣҶС˹ȥеϴ˲輸ϣʵ
ˣһΪǱ˽ˡĽѩһ˵
ôأǵķֻҺͿɶԿףôŹˣһΪ㲻ڡҶСЦЦ˵Щɻ
һ˴ڼﺦ£ԡĽѩЩ˼˵
ԲҲãһ˶˼ҶСǸ˵


582 
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ˣɶû㣿ҶСֵʵ³ʱ˻һģֿɶԸǶȻᶪĽѩһˡ
ɶֲıķ˼ƾʲôҡĽѩҶСһۣ͵ǿɶݣɶȥˡ
ףôôණǳԵ𣿡Ľѩ۾һƳ輸һϴȵʵ
ǣһˣרΪģɱ𹼸ҵ⡣ҶС翪Ц˵ȴװһӡ
ҵˣܳôĶǲڹ˽ҽķ̫ˣ⳰ңĽѩҶС˵
ò˵Ů˵ḻҶС粻뿪Цû뵽ĽѩȻ뵽ķ
УôܳҵѩأЩʳﶼСԽЩ̵ϰҵģΪ˸лҰЩСˡҶСǺһЦ˵
ôܳԵôණأôʳĽѩ˵
û£Բ꣬ǿһٳԣʵڲоˡҶС˵
ȳԷɣҶСվӳóֻ롢˫ӣȻ⽫У룬Ųˡ
һ桢ݲˣʱʣ߷ݷĽѩʰ룬ҶС罫Щ˳ȥ¥ϵ¥£Ϥȥ
ʦõԾ˶٣ҶС翴ĽѩɳϼŸղδɵԾʵ
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ѩҪ⣬Σ
ʲôģ
ڿʼ⣬˭ķ磬ȷʸߣĲģҶС翴ĽѩϴŵЦ˵
Ľѩ˿ԼԾֵڶԾѾһ룬ĵѾˣʱҶСһԾûһڴӦðǶʲô
˵
ǶˣͰ·ѹһ֧裬ôĽѩһĨ֮ɫ˵
أҶСʵ
Ҳġ
ǿɲһ¶ġҶСһЦĿĽѩ
ˣѹ·һ֧ôĽѩһҧ˵룺ҾԱ磬ߺߣˣѹʱһһĻ¼ֻҪ㲻ҵĻߺߡ
ĽѩͲ䡣
ãһΪʱ˵ĻɱˣƤŶҶСЦ˵
˭ˣƤˣңҪˡĽѩҶСһۣͷͿʼ⣬ղſҶСһгӣֲõԤУҪץʱ䣬ÿһÿһ붼ܷŹ
ĽѩĴ⣬ҶСЦЦ߽˷䣬ĽѩҳԼԾһͺɫԱʣ˳ĽѩߣԾȫ˲輸ϣռȥһĿռ䡣
һԾҶС罫ԾϣȻ飬ɳһӺ⣬ܡ
ҶСоѤâתǰ⣬۾һɨеϢͷ˴Уܶٵ㣬˲䣬𰸾ԺУÿһ룬ѧ⣬ÿһⳬ룬⣬ΪǣԭõʱܳһЩһʮѡ⣬ҶС粻ʮӵʱˡ
ѲҶС磬Ŀһɨ΢˼һ£˼·ˣǾǿĺô۶ôļжѵ⣬ܴзͷ
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ʱֻɳɳɳдҶСдֵĽѩ߾ͺǴһ㣬ĪķңòͷͱҶСˡ
ǹģӰҡĽѩҶСһۣȻһԾ߽ķ䣬ʣһԾˣҶСĵڶԾѾʼĵڶˡ
ĽѩıӰҶСЦЦ⣬һСʱʮӵʱҶСͰȫˡ
ûȥĽѩԼӮˣǣһˮȻĽѩԾĵطҶСдϸĲ衣
ҶС罫Ծ޸Ľѩûдӷг˿ʱ䣬һ£Ľѩ뷿䵽ѾҪСʱˣʱ䣬ĽѩҲҪˣˣҶСɳϵȴš
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ٿ𣿡ҶСһĽѩЦ˵
ġĽѩ˵һ䣬Ȼ󷭶ҶСԾͻȻ䣬ԼԾϣҶСĵݣʱ䣬ޱͨ졣


583 С
㡭ôˣòдİɣĽѩЩŵ˵
ԼǾ֪𣿡ҶСָŲ輸ϵԾЦЦ˵
ĽѩǲԾ˿ԽԽȣҶСԾϵ⿴ȫȷ㣬һĿȻ⣬ͺֱȥģϲֽ
òǰɣҪȻôԾһĽѩǻɵĿҶС磬ҲǣҲɲɣ˭ûôٶȣȻô̵ʱȷʼߵԾ
ûУ⻹ǵһνӴԾòˣƤɣҶС翴Ľѩ˵οʹǰԾôˣһʼĵʱûǰ˵
㡭ҲŲˣƤأĽѩҶСһۣںڵһת·뵽ʲô⣬С磬㿴ʱҲ磬Ѿݵʱ䣬˯һԺٸô
ֻԺоֻһ֣ϣϵʲôʱ򣬾ʲôʱ
˵أҶСһЦĿĽѩԾ˵ûУӦǲܷڵġ
С磬еˣȥϢˣ˯ʱ˵ݰݡĽѩ˵ȻϽԼķȥ
ŵʱһ²·ˡ
𣿡ʱһЦĽѩķ
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ҵֲǲ֪СʲôҶСϴЦĿĽѩѩϽʵŵ԰ɣ
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ѩ㲻˰ɣǰģ˵Ҫˣȥ·һ֧衣ĽѩһװͿӣҶСһΡ
ǰǴӦ㣬ҲûдӦʲôʱ򰡣Ľѩ¶˿ĵЦݣòײҳԶе©ôܲأ
ˣѻǲѣԼѵĻҲҪˡҶС翴Ľѩ˵
ңҪǸҵ·Ҿ͡Ҿ㡣ĽѩҶСһ˵ģȻѾӦ˾һʵԼŵԵģֻʱѡ
Ҳܰѻ˵ˣһ˿ռ䣬Ȼ߹˵Ͷȡ
УھͺѡҶСһھܾˣһͳĽѩԣĽѩӵ˻С
С磬ҪҪĽѩ
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ʱĽѩͻȻˣȴ˾ӨˮҶС翴һƣε̾˿ٽһĶˣĽѩ˴ϣȻë̺ԲѩȻ˾ϢɣȻ᷿ˡ
˵꣬ҶСĽѩķ䣬صԼķ䣬˴ϣʡŸղԼǲЩ֡
ҶС뿪ĽѩķĽѩһᣬˤϵСܣС硢С磬֪۸ҡ
Լйһ󣬾ЩԣСòˡ
ܣֻ£ҶСķȥҶСǰһС죬ȥֻҶС羲ڴϣſڣ顣
ǸСˣߡĽѩСֹΪҶСˣƿ˽ȥҶСߣҡҡҶСĸ첲С磬ǲˣ
ҶСûлشʵһ㶼ûղֻڼԼĽѩԼſʱ֪ղĽѩװĳɷ֣ǣװӡ
С硭ĽѩҡҡҶС绹ûһ㶯ղĽѩһҶСоͷˣǿ̵ġ
СĽѩ˵һȻƽҶСߣһҶС绹ûʲôҶС˹ȥ濴ҶС磬ֻҶС۾һ˯˵ӡ
С磬ͲҪˣҴ˻ҪϵʱҸڴģЩ˼Ľѩ˵˵꣬
ð˵ģ𷴻ŶʱҶСͻȻ˫ĿһЦݣ˫󱧹Ľѩ
㡭ðղžȻװģҸղôĵ㣬㣬ʵ̫ɶˡҶСӣĽѩܲԼıҶСƭˣӶСȭҶСš
ҶСûзĽѩţһĽѩˣĿҶС硣
ˣҵĲԡҶСؽĽѩ˻УĽѩûٴ֣ɵСèһ㣬ҶС绳С
ղ˵Ļ㲻ҶСĽѩĶ˵
Ľѩ˵ͷȻ˫Ŀ


584 Ө
һڵĿʼתۼ䣬Ѿģ⼸ҶСһֱǹؾصģϿκúƳٵĽѩӰ롣
ϣĽѩŵΪҶСһ֧Ϊ赸ȻǴ͵赸Ǹֹ衢ȵЩ赸
⼸һֱĽѩ糿𴲣ΪҶС㣬ȻζֻͨаŪŪ⣬ȷʵ޷ġ
ϣҶС籾ȥ³һ̽ҵٴʲô⣬Ǵ뷨ΪĽѩһ˴ڷ䡣
糿ڶڿεʱҶСյӨĶţѾ˿еĴͣҶСԷһϢþһѧУſڵ
¿ΣҶСĽѩһкĽѩؼҵʱ򣬸ʫһҲǵĽѩİȫ
ȥ˶칫ңһļ٣ỹǺܺ˵ģҶСֻ˵Ҫ飬ͬ
ҶС߳һеУţʱ򣬾ѾѧУſڵȴҶС磬ϳԿҶСƽǱߵͨվʻȥ
Ϊ·϶³ԵʣһСʱʱŵͨվʱӨûе
ҶСþڳվȴڳվڵȴӨ
Լȴ˰Сʱʱ䣬ڳվڵҶСڵȵǸϤӰ崿͸һ˿ϲãм
һ׻ɫĶ䣬һɫп㣬ΪԶŵԵʣôȹ㣬ˣŻᴩп㣬Ȼ˱أȻڸǲס
ĳ֣˳վ˵Ŀ⣬Ǿգո߹ҵΪ֮ȻͬɽһĿ֮͵֮е˶Ŀת
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λС㣬ҪȥʲôطֻҪڣҶﵽĿĵء
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ʮԪֻҪУʲôطֻҪʮԪͻĿĵء
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ҶСûֶȷʵûģƽʱΪϾͿԿòŷģ˼Ѿô񶾵ԣҶС˵ԵĻЩ顣
㣬Ժ˾ͿˣʲôҪȥҳºƣºƽ˵ҡҶС˵ֱӽ˾һ˦źͳºơ
Ƿ١Ź˵һ䡣
ڸæԵȥɣҾ濴һļʽҶСվӴ¿ȥǡܿǸƽ̨
ȫ˳ȥŵİ칫ֻʣҶСһˡ
ʱʽûпʼʵĵҶСƤϣŵİ칫ǰ˵ԡ
ͻȻ뵽һQQ붼ûУǣһȻҰŪģڸ㶮QQôһ£˺ܶˣһЩĺ̸
һɲ̻ҶСע⣬ǶԷһϢʶ
ҶС統Ȼ˵ǲʶˣԷֻǷһŶû˵ʲôһϣԱΪŮʮ꣬һĺӡдŮȵȫǰĴЩӡУȷԱ
ںܶ˵QQϵ϶дģͬԱҲдģҶСĿռ䷭ᣬûһƬҶСЩʧ
ҶСΪɲ̻һ˿Ȥ˵ǶȤ˵ǶȤܾЩĺ壬Ȼֻһָо
ҶС޷ǾһЩӶԷĿ֪ԷסȪУһΪǶԭ˱˹ͬĻ⡣
һˣҶСôʣԷҶС˵Լ֣ȻҶСҲû˵ġ
˲֪úһϢ˹£Ҫˣ88
һӣͷͱ˻ɫ
ˣҶСQQûʲô˼ˣ͹ˣһӰ˵̳֣֪ļʽҪʼˣҶСվӴ¿ȥ
ѹѹһƬиָ̫ɡȺŵͦλġ
ʮʱּʵ˾μⳡʽЩ˶ииҵͷսҲУҲڡ
ǰЩرĹҶСһȤûУĿͶЩۿȺͬʱŨ֮Щյ֮ת⻹·ֵ
ͻȻ䣬·濴һӰǸӰϤҶС˫Ŀбų⡣


595 ƻĽЦ
ЦǽЦҶСһ۾ϳǸΪıߵĽЦ̺ܸߣǿҲǿ
ѵЩһֱУҪʲôҶСа
ҶСóֻ˳ºƵĵ绰룬ͨһ½Цò˵һ¶ԷķλóºɳȥٽЦϾ
Ȼ˵ΪȫԴôߵ¥£ץסЦһĿˣɲǽȻˣӰȶ
绰ҶСϽ˳ȥûݣû˵¥չȥ
߰ӵʱ䣬ҶС¥ЦڵǸλõʱ򣬽ЦѾӰ
չʶ鿴һ£ʲôûз֣ҶСЩ֣վڽЦղվλãͻȻ䷢ɫǰţˣʶǷĳԱǸղųºɳȥˡ
ΪºҪǼҪżʽüʽ˲ûԳ֣ɳˡ
ЦҶСٶȼ죬ǰʵ
١˹ؽһһ֮ɫǸ
ˣҶСЩȣ˵Ϊɶڶ۷ΪǾȻ׷һͨˣҶС࿴ˡ
ԷľĻͦߵģ쳣ƻҶС˫Ŀž⣬»ȥһҡ
ǣ١֪ڴϣԽгֵʱŵرС
ߺҶСٴչʶȻûзʲô΢΢һ̾˿ô࣬ʱûҵԷԺѰҵĻڴ롣
鿴˼ΣԾûв鿴ҶСֻգ֪ʱ˿̣ܽЦĳעЦ
ܿ˿Ȼŵİ칫ȥ
ҶСղվλһǧһ¥һλɫīһڿλãһԶڹ۲ҶС磬ҶС̾ģϳһ˿΢ЦҶСѰҵĽЦϵĺ붼ǼٵģղΪ˶׷ٶæȥģҲѹҶСûҵӰ
㣬ұþɥ֮Ȯһ㶫أˣ綼ҪġЦž⣬ҶС뿪ԶһڿȣȻĿŴȺƺЩ֮ɫ֪ʲô
һСʱʱ䣬紴Ƽ޹˾еļʽԲɹڶԼ߶˾Ķ³ʲôˣղʵʱ򣬹˾ܾһЦֻ˵֣ܡ
ǣ߾Ͳųһţ紴Ƽ޹˾мʽʱ򣬲ûмù˾Ķ³为ҲԸ͸¶³ݣ֪紴ǳǹŪ顣
ʽΪܾЩУºƵ˺ҶСһƽҵʻȥ
ºƣ֪ͨȥֵעһ½ЦʱУͬ˭ҵˣʮԪңһΪǸ˴һȥ·ϣںλϵҶСڿĳº˵
ǵģ٣һĻȥġºƹ˵һ
٣ѵǸЦɣûץסºƲʵ
ȷʵ̺ܺÿʮ㶼û̸ߣ𲻷ܲ߻ݺҵǸƻͿԿҵ˽ⲻ㣬ˡҶС˵
ҶСĻºû˵ʲôԷǸƻһһۣݶһ뵽ЩжЩ¡
٣ȥºʵ
ͻƽСɣҶС˵
ˣºƣ˽鼮ȻŽѧУſڵǸꡣҶСӿ㶵óŰֽݸ˳ºơ
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ʮֵʱ򣬳ƽСſڣҶС˳ȻķȥʱĽѩѾѧȥˡ
صʱӨڿ֪ڲʲô
С磬ˣ˽Ө̧ͷһҶС磬Ϲҳһ˿ǳ΢Цʵ
ˣڿʲôأҶС˹ȥ߿ŵʵ
ϸղſһһλרҶҹƷδ仯Ƶר˵ĺܺãֱסӨ˵
úÿԺҵĹ˾ҹܡҶСסӨСЦЦ˵
ðֻҪ㲻ҰļҲܹˡӨѵÿһЦ
ҵľģһҪû
Ө㣬ûңҶСӨߴһʵ
šӨϷɳĨϼص˵ͷԸͺʫЩƣְֱҰҺ޵ˡ
ӨҰ̷꣬ۺһƬҶСǣǵĻζѪҺڷڡ
ҶС̧Ө°ͣͷȥǻ塢㴽ҶСʧС
С磬šûйءӨ˵
ҶСݺݵһ£Ȼţ˫롢ѾӨ߽˷䡭


596 ȥĽѩ
ģڼ𣬹˺ܾڲƽ
ĴϣҶСƽڴϣӨͷҶСϣǻ֮ĳ죬΢΢Ϣš
Ө㣬û뵽ղŻͦġҶСĦǹ⻬һļϹһ˿Ц˵
ӨͷĿҶСһۣǣҪ㣬һ𣿡
ҶСĿתĿӨ˵ǻ΢Ц
ӨҶСһۣĨ
Ө㣬ûûоܹ죿ҳƺѩȴӨ㣬ţҳһҶС˵
㱾ҵӨϹһ˿ǳ΢ЦҲѩǰӨ㡣
˰ɣֻ˵ʱҽӨ㣬κʱҽҶСҡҡͷ˵
ҶСĻӨгһ˿Ȼɫһһ֪νܳá
ǸŮ˶ϣһļңһ۰мӵϹһɰĺӣһӺͺģ񣬺ƺиƼһͷͻס
δѾûʲôˣߵĵĻ㹻ˣûģͶµһ˹һԼõ˼ˡ
Ө㣬ԲڸʲôԺһģ˵һһ޵ƶȣԺȥǸҡҶС˵
ӨгһĨ⣬Ĩܿʧˡ
ǵԺ˵ɣȲ̸Щĵ⡣Ө˵
ҶС˫ӨǾգһĺ촽Ƭ̺ҶС罫ӵ˻С
´һҶС罫Өϴԡ䣬ϴ˸Դ·ҶСӨһʱ͵ӣӨ˵һҶСȥһУҪȥĽѩ
һſڵʱʮӵʱ¿ΣҶС߽˸ӨǼ꣬ʱŮӣŮ˳Ϸ飬Ӵֽȡ顣
١ҶС˽깧˵Ǽ֮ɫŮһĿҶС磬ĿЩ棬ǷһҾƵڵķԱרǹ鼮ϾŮϸĵĶࡣ
ǾƵһ˵ôôˣһӣǾ򿴿Щﶼһ𾴵ķǲǳͷۣһЩ⣬û뵽Щеķôᣬô㿡ʼչźƵЦݣһദӣЩ۸ڶۿһ£
æǵģֻҶСЦЦ˵߽ȥ󣬽üһôûпյôȵĻ϶Ӱ˿͵ģǸº˵һﰲװһյ
Ƿ١깧˵
ҶС翴˿ͷ󺹣ŮҲ㺹죬ҶС˳ȥҵ̵һ̵ƿơƣ̲裬Ȼ߽ꡣ
ˣЩϸǣһһƿʡҶС罫ơƸ̲꣬Ůӡ
лл١һж˵
ллŮҲ˵һĿжСǣĸо
ҶСǮ˧ĺ˴ŵҰе뷨
ֻǿһ棬֪ҶСжôĻ֮һôˡ
ҶС˹ȥҲΪǰæһ߰æһĺģ˾ƵꡢڵһЩ⡣
塣ѧУ涼ü
ˣǺúøɣ͡ҶС˵һȻ˳ȥУſڵȴĽѩ
һһѧﲻĴУſ˳ͻȻҶС翴˴ֻȻһַʣ䵭Թ˿ǰ·Ŀбӡ
ҶСЩɻôѧУߵķߣһɻԼǵãļڱ̺ڶԷȴȥܾȣȥſһ뵽ҪȴĽѩֻҪա
ѩʲôʲôһ뵽ĽѩͿĽѩʫͶ߳Уţ
ҶСֻĽѩתͷ˿ҶСӰʱĽѩϲãͺʫͶϹҳһ˿Цݡ
С磬㲻æ𣿽ôǣĽѩɻĿҶС˵
ѾæˣΣգǷѧؼңǲǺҶСЦЦ˵
ߣ㱳ţҰ٣ʦ˵һ١ĽѩӸҶС磬ʦݺݵĽѵһ٣ڻǺúѽʦĳͷɣ
û£ǰ·ҶСǺһЦһܲںӡ
ѩҶЩĽˣȻҵҶСĺˡȷʵЩĽ˵
ǺˣĽѩƳҶСһ˵
ѩ˵С粻ǺˣҪСøôȰ뿪Ц˵
УҲø㣬ǲ֪ɻˣҲ㡣Ľѩһĵ˵
ŵģģҲҶСġ͵Ц˵
ȵĻĽѩһһԵĺʫĽѩı飬¶ǳǳЦݡ


597 ̫
ƽҵֿ³ҶСĽѩȥ˲УһЩˣŻؼҡ
С磬㻹ûиҽʲô˾ڽмʽȥ·ϣĽѩĿҶСһ˵
¿һ˾Ǹ˦ִƹ񼸺¡ҶСЦЦ͵
ô˵Ѿҹ˾ˣĽѩǾ֮ɫĿҶС硣
ǰ
㲻ǲϲ˾Ұָ˵׼ĽӰˣȴܾˣҰ֪ɡĽѩЦһ£ȻһҶС硣
Ǻǣȷʵϲ˾˾Ǳ˹ģֻǸҷǮˡҶСǺһЦ
͹ĽѩĵһҶС硣
ҶСû˵ʲôȥ
ˡڿӨ˾˵һ䣬ϷĨ΢죬ĿⲻɲĿһҶС磬Ľѩʱķ֮£һ뵽Щ;öԲסʸŵĹ΢΢ĸС
С磬Ǳ׼𣿡Өʵ뿪ҶСȻҶСһ𣬲ԼסܾûӰ쵽ĽѩҶС
Ѿˣȫ׼áҶС˵
ŶӨ˵ͷû˵ʲô
Ө㣬ԾùܸȤĽѩӨĵ˺ܶྭùѧĶҪصƵ
ҲſһЩԼϲĶԴʱ䡣ӨǳһЦ
Ө㣬ĽѩܾĿһӨ
һͿʼһܶʼĿҲоʵһĻĻ֡
ãһӢΣʱ򣬵ĿҶСһۣû˵ʲôʼ˽Ρ
ϣֻҪͬѧشʱҶСش𣬹ҶСһٰܲͣɣ
¿󣬶˵һ¿ΣȻ̰ת߳˽ңû鷳ҶСһ
ʱ򣬸߳ҵĶַ˻һ仰ת뿪ҶСѧ󣬵Ұ칫һˡ
ҶСʱһӹĽѵˣû뵽󣬻ûӹ
ʦر𡣡ҶС̾һͬĿҶСһۣĿγƽ˵
ôرˣ㲻ǶҲر𣿡ҶСЦЦһЦ
Ҷر𣬶رɢһرһ´˵
ûҶСٺһЦʵ
ҶС⣬ûлشĻĿд֮ɫĿһҶС磬þò˵ղŵ̫ˡ
̫ˣҶСһɻ󣬲֪˵Ļʲô˼ͻȻ䣬˹֪˴Ļʲô˼ĽѩĽѩڴһ˸ղҶСĻ
ʱˮ죬ŮЦˣǱߵˡ
ҶСŸĽѩʱһСֽŴϣҶСһĽѩ壺ؼҺٸˣߡ仰棬һŭĿɰͷ
С磬ܸܲҽһ⣿ʱҶСұߺʫ˹ͬʱԾһָҶС硣
ðҶС˵һۣ˼·󣬱ʫ⣬ΪһܹܵĿ⣬ȴʲôûиоҶСЩ⣬ʶ鿴֮£Ľѩƽûʲô˵ӡ
Ľڿκܿ͹ȥˣѧʱҶСĽѩͺʫһ뿪η˻ܲȥ
ķǰҶСֱ˽ȥŶûãʱڰ칫дŽ̰ҶС˽еıʷ£̰һϣһĿҶС˵ҶС磬ţǲǲη
ȷʵûзǰҶСգգ۾˵
ҶСĻΪ֮ᣬúýѵһҶС磬˭ҶСͷ٣֪ҶСһ仰Ӫʧˡ
ݺݵĵҶСһۣȻһ°칫ҶС磬ҿԽԽˡ
ʦҿûзǰĸҰҶСװһ˵
һףͱװˣҶַʲôҵģضҶС˵
ʱġҶС޹˵
ʱڰ칫ңҲģҶСһʵ
ɵʱҲͦܵģ𣿡ҶСٺһЦ
㡭ҶСǽ޳ܵĻᱻ˵˻
ʦʲô£ʱҶСװѧģʵ
һƽһԼ⼸ô٣
һЩҪ飬ò١
ʲôܱѧϰҪģῴҶСʵ
ȷʵҪ¡ҶС˵
ðɣҪ£ҲӰѧϰ㿴㣬Ͽεʱһʮ⣬ֻ˰˵֪֪ͬĻ¶ܴóҶС磬̫ˣѧϰٲúѧϰĻ˵άȫ꼶һ񻰾Ҫˡĳ˵


598 ˺
֪ˣʦҶСһ֪˵˵֪˵ĲŬѧϰĻһλȷʵ᲻ƽʱԾҵٶȺܿ죬ȷҲܸߣʱȷʻҪߡ
֪ͺãҲϣ㱣ĵһ˶ߡῴҶС˵
ģʦһ᲻ҶСһᶨر顣
˵˵ʲôҪ飿ƤϣĿתĿҶС硣
˽˵ʣһʦʣҶСƹ칫ߵǰ˰칫ϣЦЦĿŶᡣ
˽˵ݺʦʲô𣿡
ȻˣǺܴʦҵĻȨֳĬش⣬˽ݵĻһһ֡
Ҿ˽˵⡣û˼ͿҶС˵
ȷ
Ȼˣ˵ǲ˵һ˫Ŀ˸ž⣬ҶС˵ĻҲͻҶСÿ
ã˵ˣزģоֻôһˣҵȻҪȥһҶС͵
ʲôɻĿҶС˵
㣬ʷ˰ҶС˵һ䣬ǽ͵ѧУſ׼һ꣬ͻʽҵʱ򣬻ϣŶʱ򣬴һȺѧٺ١ҶС˵
붼롣ҶСһ˵ֻһٵԭ򣬻еڶԭ򡣡
֪ҶСЦſŶʵ
š˵ͷ֪ΪʲôҶСЦݣһֲĸо
Ǹܣֻжߵ˲Ż˵ҶСߵ󣬴Ӻ汧˶ᣬ˫ֺܲʵڶߴһ˵
ҲˣҶСſңʦǻңװһ˵
ղſ˽˵ģοҪڶٵԭġҶС绵һЦ˫ָǴӶV˽ȥͬʱͷ˶˵ĺ촽
ءͷţƬ̼䣬Ͳˣȡţת壬Ƥϣ˫ֱסҶСĲӡ
ˡ֮ʱһ
ϽҶСĲӣתһ·ϣЩ΢΢ŭ֮ɫ
ʦ𣿡һϤ⴫˽ǡɫħʦ
ʱҶСޱƵߵ˶칫ǰһԹԵѧģ
ҶСվ֮󣬶һ˵ڣɣ
ƿһ۾ʱĴʦ˽ҶСڶİ칫ڵʱЩ⣬ҶС磬ô
ʦЩ¡ҶС粻䲻ȵ˵ƽ±Ƿ˭϶
Ŷʱ䲻ˣϽȥɣҺͶʦЩҪ̸ʦ˵һҶСߣҶСǡɫħ硣
ҶСҽģƾʲôߣҺЩҪ̸ʲô¾˵ɣɫһ˵ʱϵĺѾʧˡ
󣬴ʦɫЩѿ˲ͻָ˹һʵʲô£
˵꣬˿ҶС磬ֿ˿ҪЩʲôɫƽͿ
֮ʲô£ΪʲôҪ˵ûУûеĻȥûиʦɫ
㡭ʦôңʦĿЩŭ֮ɫһڣ˵ʦһٷ
ûգοͲųԴ𣿡һڻؾ
£ֻ֮ͬԸѣûʲô˵ġʦһν˵
ģѾŵˣŶʦ޳֮ҶСǸҶСرϤ֪ҶСôʦ
㲻££ҵѳԴףûĻȥҺҶСЩҪ˵˵
ʦſڻ׼Ҫ˵ʲôվû˵ڣת˳ȥ߳ȥʱݺݵصһҶС磬ҶС绵ĺһ㡣
ʦ׷㣿ҶСߵ׿ʵ
˭֪ʲôЩķ˵һҶС磬˶ǺöĿŹģ޲ýеŮ󹬡
˵ҶСһۣҶСֻܳĬΪûʲôĻ
һ󣬾ͬʱ߳˰칫ңҶСûܺͶһҶСЩź
صƽС߽ҶСʱŵһŨζڰһ㡣
ʲôô㡣ҶСߵſڿæµӰЦʵ
ĽѩŤͷһҶС磬ûдҶС磬æµţ֪ӽʲô
ҶС˹׼ĽѩӨʲô߹ȥʱĽѩӣͽҶС˳ȥ
ȥȥĽѩ˵ҶСƳȥ󣬱š
ҶСεҡҡͷȻɳϣղŸоĽѩΪϿ˵һ仰һֺߵĸоҶС绳ǲԼ


599 ո齫
ڶʮӵʱĽѩһմ˳ϴĿҶСһۣǸմ˳輸ϡ
͵һҸ򿪡ĽѩҶС˵һ䣬һӣȻ߽˳
ĽѩıӰҶСЦЦһ̣ͱմŨζʳ
ûȶãĽѩͺӨһ˳ĽѩжˣӨжҶСϽнӹӣ˲輸ϣ߽˳ĽѩСɵĿ룬Өж׷Ĺ
Ľѩ򿪴մĸӣʢĶҶС翴˿۾һȲ˵ζôζʳɵʵģ
Ȼˣô𣿡ĽѩһԺӣԼ˶ô˲һ㡣
ȷţǼѩĳг˲١ҶСЦЦ˵
ҵĳյȻˣЩ˺óߡĽѩҶСһۣȻһʢһʱӨѾ׷ʢˡ
Ľѩһ߳ԷһʱʱĿͶҶС磬Щڴ֮ɫ
ҳǼѩյô˵ţҶССɵĴ룬Ʒһڣ죬۾гһĨ⣬һЦĿĽѩ
ζͶ壬滹һЩ㣬ҶζҶС佱
û뵽ҶζܳĽѩ΢΢Щȵ˵ȴûнúȾͶȵ㡣
˵꣬ĽѩҸ΢ЦθҲ󿪣һԵӨ۵ӣһĨȻ֮ɫ
ҶС籾׼ֱӴӨѧУſڿǼ꣬ǵ̫ȵԵʣҲʹ뷨ƻ¶ȽʱȥǲȣŮȴ¡
ʱĽѩӨڿڶűʼǱ֪ڿʲôҶСֱ߽Լķ䣬ֻһ󣬵ͷ˯
֪˹ãҶСһŲǽŲҶС֪Ľѩġ
ǸС֪˯Ľѩ˵ǻЩ΢΢ĲƬ̼䣬;Լıӱסˡ
˫ĿֻĽѩڴϣϴָ˵飬ʱҶСıӡ
ұӸʲôò˯ҶСޱƵ˵
Ҿ󣬾ǲ˯ĽѩգŴ۾ҶС硣
ҶСһĽѩϣһ£ұӣǸ˭ѧģ
ԼģҪһ˯ˣһıӡĽѩһ˵ЩĵҶСһۡ
㻹أҶСĽѩ˵
ߣˣ˵˵ѧУʱ˵Ǿ仰ʲô˼ǲǾֻһû˼ҼãĽѩɫһ䣬ЦеĿҶС磬СַŵҶС䣬ֻҪҶСһȷͻšҶСһ⡣
ҵʱֻǿЦǺǣҾһľͦõģҪ˲ϽҶС˵
û£С磬ҪҾպܴչһ齫ߺǿ齫ġĽѩҶСϻСȦȦĿתؿҶС硣
ҶСɻĿĽѩĵʲôʱ򣬱ôˣ˼һӿˣ
̽϶̽ҡ
һ㹻ˡҶСһӣЩҶСйϵŮҶСһ仰»һӣ˵һ仰ĸҲҶС͡
ʵҶСҲ˵ѻĿǰ˵Ѿûİ취ˡ
һµڸǺòãʫֿɶõѡô
˵ĻǼٵģҶС翴ĽѩʵȻ֪Ľѩ̽ģǹô˵ġ
㻹һ齫˰ĽѩҶСһۣҶСšһ¡
ҶСĽѩٴһ£Ȼ˾һƬ̺ĽѩҶСߣ̫ˣһ˯ˡ
˵һҪԼ첲˯˵ĽѩҶСĿ֮ɫ
ĿһĽѩҶС˫ĿҲ˯ˡ
Լӵʱ䣬½˺ܶ࣬ҶС硢ĽѩӨһȥѧУſڡ
ʱѧУſڵŰ뿪ţڷӪҵ״̬տ꣬ҶС˽һļ֮ɫ٣ˡ
ˡҶС˵ͷһϵ˵û뵽ٶȻͦģôͰװ˿յ
˿յǲһڵ¶ȵͺֻܶ࣬жʮ϶ȶѣʱ¶ȹʮȣȵҪ
ӨȥһרģΪס˵ġҶСתͷӨ˵ҶСо껹ͦġ
Ө˵ͷҶСĴ´ĺǽһС˽ȥһ¥ݣ¥ȥţһһһһһķ䡣
ʱڵļҾѾڷźˣӡɳȵȣһʩܼȫ
𣿡ҶСЦʵ
ڷתһȦӨ˵ͷ


600 꿪ҵ
ʮһգ죬еѧһ쿪ѧ
ҶС׼ӨһҵĲѡ˽죬Ϊѧѧرֵ֣ĳ濪ҵܹЧӦ£Ҳ
ϵʱҶС硢ĽѩӨȥһ£׼ڵڶ糿˵ӵʱҵΪ˸ʱ䣬˳ԹӨҶС硢Ľѩס˹ȥ
糿ߵʱ򣬳ϼºһѧУſͣŵСγ幫У԰ſѧǶ򻹲Ǻǰ
ǣһУſұ߶ʮ״һ꼫Ϊ⣬̵װΪӵķŵκдĸ޴ĹϺ֣꣬ʽӨꡣ
Ĺƶɫ̣Ѥ·ֻѤĶһ㣬ŵĹƶѤɫʱ˵۾һƣ͵ĸоȻһһŨŨ֮ŵʱһֶĿһµĸоľȥƸ
Ө겢ǴѧϣһЩѧߡժȵ־ѧǳøƵҵʼǱɫԱʵȵȡ
ûѧҵЩ¾Ҫһδ⣬ЩϵʱӨģʾľӪۡ
ڰ˵ӵʱһžıʽˣҶС硢ĽѩһŮӺӨˣڡ
һ߶ѧǰǰҵʼǱɫԱʵ˶ܶ࣬ȻҲкЩѧֱӾ˼ϡ
ܿһеѧǸѧУļǵȻѧϰ棬ǰϵĺҲܶ࣬ΪбȽϾܶѧѰʺԼϣ߽꣬ȥûȿ۾뿪ˡ
˵һĿͦɹģΪǰѧرࡣ
ĽѩǵһĿ˷ܣĽѩӣҶСЦʵоô𣿡
еۣͦĵġĽѩ˵ͷĿзĹâ
˾ϢһɣǱеӡҶСָ濿СλõһСϵ˵
ˣһĽѩ˵ʱһλѧ˹ѡԱʡ
ĽѩǸտģתͷŮͬѧʵλͬѧҪֱʣ
ԼȿŮͬѧ˵ȻѡԼϲıʡ
Ľѩһ˵ӣҶСЦЦתߵһԱߵСǰһ鷭ţЩ־ġ
Ѽѣ꿴ͦģǽȥҶСտ˼ҳһҶСǳϤ顣
ʲôͦģΪΪרѧǵĿ⡣μѼЩм˵
Ѽѱô˵ǽȥ֪ʱֿɶҶСչ鿴μѼѡŮӡ
ʱҶСǽϸһȫһУһе鶼ˣоЩ΢΢ΣǶֿɶΣǵֿɶ˵һУҶС統ȻǴӦ˼Ҫ˼ҵģǣȻʳˡ
ף滹ͦģһһɤֻۻ۸̾һ˵
ֻۻۿںܶѧŭĿӣ¸Ͻ֪ͣԼղ˵˰ա
ǰɣڣôŤͷͻȻ䷢ҶС磬Ǿȵ˵˵꣬Ͻסͣ´˱ˡ
ĻǼŮӶ˳Ŀ⿴ȥҶСʱ϶¶һϲ֮ɫҶС˹
˧磬ôμѼѴһɫǳţж̿㣬һǳɫض䣬Щɻʵ
ǰС磬ôĪ㿪ģֻۻۿҶСڵϣʵĻɲûе죬ҶСǷżٵʱҪ˵ҶСר飬ţΪǲŸտҵģһ仰ҲֻһЦ
ҿģԺǰĸѧҪ飬ҵǶҶС罫ϣϣЦ˵
ڿģһȵʵ̲סһֿڡ
࣬ģǾҶСָžſںܽҵӨ
ǼŮӶŤͷȥӨʱϳ֮ɫǺĽѩһˣΪҶСһһλʮٸû뵽ȴһֻжʮҵòŮӣŮϵʺܶأòҲͲҶСǽ㡣
ҿλ㣬鸾ɣһɵ۹⿴ҶС硣
пܣڵ˲Ƕ鸾СֻۻҲ塣
Ůӱ뺷ĻҶС綼һͷۣҵѩȥѩǱߡ
ѩҲڣֻۻʵȻ󼸸ŮתͷȥĽѩʱǶ˹ȥĽѩ죬ҶСһߣãһֿɶ˹


601 ձ
ɶǸСæµ˿飬ϾûлȥҲûкһȥֿɶ˹ҶСǸ˵
û£ֻҪСžСֿɶһЦ˵С磬λƯĽ𣿡
ȻˣѵҶС绹ƭ㲻ɡҶСһ˵
ô᣿ֿɶɻʵ
ǶͬˣѪԵϵҶСЦŽ͵
Ŷֿɶ˵ͷĿЩĿҶС硣
С磬ȹȥѩһᡣֿɶҶС˵һ䣬ȻĽѩǸȥ
ɶҲ̫ˣȻѩƤӵ³Զʳֿɶ˹ȥֻۻѧ뺷Ļ˵
ֻۻ۵ɤźܴ⻰һһƬţǷʧˣе˵ĿⶼͶֻۻֻۣۻ۸ϽͷɫЩ˼
ۻۣһ˵
Ҹղ˵ʵֻۻװһί˵
ۻۣ˵ҸղֻС磬ôôᡣֿɶϽ͵˵꣬͵͵ĽѩһۣĽѩʼմЦݣûʲô˵Ӳŷ
ףģôôᣬѵǳ˴˵еĳϣװһ𾪵ӵ˵
ĴͷμѼͷһ˵Ϊᡣ
ð㶼ѾĿˣѩû㵱С檰˵
ٸ˵һ䣬СҰ͸סμѼװӣƾҪס
˴ֳһš
ˣꡣ˴ֵȻʱĽѩ˵ƽû˿ֵμѼѺȴϽͣˡ
ѩ㣬Բ𡣡ŮӶͷǸ
ǶǺýãԺͲҪ˵ֶԲĻˣҪȻҿɾˡĽѩ˵
μѼѺҪ˵ʲôʱſڴһһ˭ϰ壿
ȥֻһ緢ɫġ̿˽С죬ղǵǴдġ
ҾǣʲôˣӨͷʵʱһ㶼£ΪҶСڡ
ںܶѡѧϽ˳ȥǺ»ǵʲô鷳ȻμѼѵû߳ȥǰͲúúÿһϷ
ϰ壿ͷ꽫ĿͶӨӨʱгһ˿֮ɫ
ȻϿģҲӦ˵һЩأֻҪ㰴ذ£ҲΪ㡣ߵӨߣӨһȦĹâ˵ȫҶС硢Ľѩ˺ˣΪҶСҲеĹ˿ͣǵӱȽϴĹ˿͡
ʲôأû˵Өҡҡͷ˵һɻӡ
㻹ʲôó񣬹ֲʲôھɣֻҪϿˣÿ¶ҪǱѣǿԱŵ겻ңҪȻһ鶼ȥͷ˵Ļдžв
ĻѾȷˣ˼˵ӽ쿪ʼÿ¶ҪǱѣҪȻǾͻң⡣
ʵǴлСνĵǱ򣬻ҲΪûб£ûһֻ֮ʽǮ췹ԡ
Ϊܶ࡮ǮǾҪ̣ԽҲԽ࣬Ǻڰ
ÿ¸ǶǮӨʵ
ÿǧǧǮ۸񲻵ȣȻҲпܲǮҪıˡ˵λͷһЦĿз̰Ĺâ
ôȥʱĽѩվһʵǿȥˣһҶСڵϣǹҳһ˿Ц⼸졣
˭˭ղ˵Ļ󣬴ͷɫúѿĿͶ鼸ˣ鼸ʱסˣǿĽѩʱǲӡ
ղ߽ʱֻע⵽Өûע⵽ˣû뵽ССУȻͬʱôŮ
ѵ֪ҰѾʮûţⴹҵģ
ʲôǰ߳˫ۻǰһмӡ
㣿ѾͷȻұǰףǲˣᣬԹԵĽһ磬ȻңһŹ㣬ҪȻҷҪǹһӵϡͷһ˵
оԼܵصƣȻֻһССͷĿϻû˸Ҹô˵
ҿƾҲҰιǵ·ɫ˵
˵꣬ȻĿͶҶС磬֪Լ˲ǶԷĶ֣ҶСڵĻֱӰҹȥȻܣԴþɵ
Ŀ⣬ҶСװʲôûп˫Ŀ
ҶС̬ȣһᣬԺһദ˰취
СѾͷ֣ϣ㻹ǵһҺô˵ˣʲô֣ͷʵ룬ԷȻҸа壬ô϶ʲôһЩ˿ɾͲˡ


602 ǹ·ڴ
ûͷ˵ĻߵҶСǰҶС˵ڣҪٸװСҽϵ鱬ȥ㵽ʱôѩ͡
ҶСһͷۣѾͷȻвңҪúýѵһҪȻҪƾǸѱ죬ҶСȴò֣࿴ѵĴϷֻɿϷ˱Ϸˡ
˵˭ʱͷŽĿͶҶСϣѵλĿɽ
㻹ûʸ֪˭ǵһģǵĻüҹ̸Ǿ͹ȥҶСվ˫Ŀ硣
˿ҶС۾ʱɴһ֪ΪյԭҶСԭǸоһ㼦Ƥ岻ķǿյԭʹ¶Ƚ͡
㡭㾹ȻֱүĴֱǲˡͷŭ𣬾кܺ£ҶС羹ȻֱҵĴ˿־ͺ±ŭ档
ͷĻҶСĻ֪⼸˶ǵһˣʱҲ˵Щʲôһ˲ͳ˴ͷǰһץץĲӣֱ˳ȥͬʱһɰͷ廹ڿеʱϵ·ͻȻըˣȫⲻݺݵ˴ϡ
ҶСƷĸСҲ˳ȥ˹ڴϣһӳ˵Ľ㣬ʱѧĸ߷ڣܶѧָָ㣬͵ЦŮࡣ
ǶǸһкֺߡ
ΧŵԽԽˣѧУУЩϵĻ죬ѧǻ𲻱Ҫ鷳ѧǸϽɢ
ԼΧ˵Ȼһͣͷ裬ӵ˫סϽ·һҷװȥ˿ҲֻǸ·ꡣ
·еϰ忴ץһ·ϴŭԣȻǶǷǳϤģ֪ǲֻõʲô鶼ûз
С磬ղŵӺ˧ҶСˮһĶֻۻһ˫ĿСǡ
𷸻ˣѩ㻹ǱأμѼѰֻۻһۣȻĿҶСһۣջĿ⡣
ѩһģѩ㣬˵ǲֻۻ۴ֵ˵
ʲôýģǰ·ǹӵϣҶ⡣ĽѩһЦݲĿȴ˸ž⡣
顢ѼѡɶûѩѾˣǰС·ǹ⡣ֻۻб˷ܵĹâȻֱӲĶ֣׼ҶС·
ۻڸʲôѩղֻǸһӣһλѩڵ·ǹ⣿˵ȻģԸ񱼷ţȷʵ൱ġ
ҲǣǶͦģҪǲôῼһС
Ļֻۻֹͣ˶˼ЦЦҶСһС࣬ԲС硣
ŮӺӨĽѩһ˳ȥ׼׼籨ģ߽ѧУɽ˺Ķ鶼֪˶ٸSͣǾ˳ǡÿӨ꣬˽
С磬Щ˻᲻ŮߺӨһǵʵЩ˵ģɧţôˡ
ģµģʲôҽֻСҶСЦЦ˵
Ө˵ͷҶСĻ˲١
ǸåҶСߵĽѩ˹һҶС˵ϻһĨ΢졣
åˣ˵Ҫ·Ҳһ¶ѡҶСЦЦ˵
ɣߡ
ʱŲſڴ˹ҶС翴ȥֻվſڣЩѧл죬ޱȡ
һ̣Ⱥм䣬Զֳһ·ֻһɫµ껺Ⱥֳͨǰ棬һɫ̫Ƶӣ꣬ǸղűҶСǹ·ӳȥꡣ
ǰźɫ̫ޱȵҶСϤǱЬļҡ
ҶСĿбһâû뵽ˣǺǡ
ôˣºɹӨæǸŮŵûʧɫһҰףһ뵽ҶСϺµɫʧˣĽѩҲЩ΢΢ĵġ
С磬ôˣǻǱɣӨһĵ˵ǽ
õģӦѩһ߿СҶСЦЦûаſô˵һ¡
Ө㣬ģС粻ǵġʱĽѩߵӨ߰ο
Ľѩô˵Ө˲٣ҶС˵Сĵ㡣
ҶС˵ͷ
ʱޱȵ˽ڳһӣղ˭ҵֵܰǹ·˴ϣ
ʵɭ䡣
ңҶС絭˵ЦЦĿżҡ


603 ҷ
ҶСĻһҸоϤû̫⣬Ͼǵһ︱ĶӣС󼸺û˸˵
кܺ棬뿴Ǹ۵ļһѰȥҶСʱ˵ͻȻһһסˣժɫ̫ŵ۾۾ĴģûûпΪǸ۵ļһﾹȻҶС硣
ҶСʵһΣôĺ֣˼ȫŵˣ˵һȺں֮ڡ
ĸҪҶС磬û뵽ȴˣò׼¡
ǸǸЩᣬ벻Ҫ⣬ף꿪ҵģҵһƬ⣬ϣ¡۾һת΢΢ǰһСϴӣЦӿڴóһп˹ȥ
ףҵ꿪ҵģҶС粢ûнпָˣǹҳһ˿֮ɫżһ׼ʲô
󣬼Ҷͷֱð亹Ȼ˵׼ֵģһҾͲٶˣ۾һת뵽⣬˵ǵ굷ң׼ĸ۵ļһﾹȻǵ
ˡҶС糰һЦ˵Ȼ֪ЩǵһˣҲܽЩ˶һ٣ȻѾˣҲܲӣҪȻ˺Ƥڵʱɾ鷳ˡ
ҶСҲһ̨£ӱסˣظ˵ģһ˭ǰˣһһġ
ãӦ˳˰ɣҪȻɾûˣʱûǮԷˣɾҪˡҶС翴ż˵
úãھߣҵ⣬¡ҽепǰһ˵
˿ңҶСЦһ£ˣľˣǮ͸ֵͣǳԷˡ
ҶСĻһϽ˵ף¡ˡ
˵꣬пװڴϽ˳ȥߵſڵʱ򣬲˲ͷϵˮ飬һҿԷûҪпҪȻѿɾȫûˡ
үҪҪꣿҸǰ˼˳ȥͷӭ϶Цʵ
ͷͻ¡󣬼ֱһƳ˹ȥԺ˭Ҳ鷳
Ҫ⼸˵мŮŲأҲҿԷŹҪȻҪӶˣ뵽ٴκݺݵĳ˴ͷơ
үͷίĿżң֪ʲôˣҵģڵãүûҵ꣬ơ
죬۵ĶҲŪ˼ҵǰ𣿡ʵ
ûСûУүûǸ˼ͷϽ˵ѾˣǸˣүǲһʱ֮䣬̿֡
ߡһ֣뿪ˣڵǰ뿪е϶ûй⣬ѧУſָֻƽ
˺һѧ꣬ѧǿѧһ죬ҵʼǱɫԱʣúܿ죬ҿ϶˼ҪȻ治ˡ
תۼ䣬ɫͱˣμѼŮӿ󣬾ûǰǺ¸ҶС鷳
ѧٵʱӨ˵С磬ѩѾûѧˣ͡
㣬˵ҶСЦЦ
ӨĿͶĽѩŮӣǶҡҡͷʾûʲô
ľʽţߵ겻ԶһҾ¥ڣ˼ݼ򵥵ķˣĸһһ߳һΪ̫æµˣʱ򣬼ֻǳһЩӡһЩȪˮ
˾ŸˣĸȫˣŮлؼˣҶС˻صһȻҲ뿪ˣֻ꣬ʣӨһˣҶСһȥģӨܾˣ컹Ҫ翪ΪɣȷʵһɣϾסĵطܵĻ˷ʱ䣬ȻԭҶСĽѩ
ҶСĽѩ۵ӣĵףЩ⣬ԼϲܹҸҲܸˡ
ҶСĽѩ˻ȥʱѾʮˣϴһ£׼˯ҶС׼ԼģĽѩ˵Լ۽ۣҶСĽѩķ䣬Ҳվһʱ䣬С˵ܲ
Ůӵķǲһɢŵ㡣
ڴϣĽѩ޳˫ȣҶСҶСĦ
ҶС̼ѨλƣͣĽѩ˯š
ôǲǽоΣҶСһ߸ĽѩĦ˫ȣһʵ
Ҿýĺܳʵܿģǽۡ˵۵ʱĽѩһ˵ĺ촽
ҪҸ㰴Ħһ½ƣҶСϴЦĿĽѩ
ĽѩϽҡͷҶСĽģ̵ӡĸоȸʹࡣ
˺ˣѾо˺ܶ࣬ϽȥϢɣǻҪϿΡĽѩ˵
صϢﲻϢ𣿡ҶСٺһЦȻЬһѣĽѩĴϡ
ȥåĽѩ˵
ҾͲȥҵţ˯һȻġҶС˵ȻĽѩӵ˻С



604 
µʱ䣬ѹת۾͵Ҷ㡢ɪЩ＾Ůǵȹ̿ĴѾΪ˳㳤ʱѹȹΪ㣬ŮӵǷȻڵס
ڵ˲ḻ롣
ԳľѾûǰΡӫҫľϵҶƬһƬݻƣ׷׶䣬紵죬ı
µʱ䣬ҶСĺƽÿһߵѧУƽСӨ꣬£ûȥһηĴӪе齻ºƴܷġ
紴Ƽ޹˾Ѿ죬ÿ붼ǿ͹۵ģ˾Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ĺԱѾӵʮˣҶС׼Ա䵽һˣȻ󱣳˭ͽ룬˲ľ˳γɾҵľõѡγ˲š
ͻӵе໥һΪ֧ԮͻҰܡ
ÿڹͬϷ֣ĸÿڵһѿеĹͷǶɳһ»ȥ̽ɳȥ˾ûٻԵ޹ʧһ㣬Ϊ͸ӵеʵһʱҲҳֻ֣ܽ۹Ͷÿڡ
µʱ䣬ͻ߽⣬Ҳҵÿھһֻʣÿڣ㶦˭Ҳ״ơ
ĸÿ໥ʱ䣬ƽΧΧеСͰȫոˣһЩСͰɶͶ
յǰδеǿ󣬵ڶʲô˼֪յٶ࣬ҶСҲͬϡ
˸ÿ¶ῼһԣѧĶʲôĵطεĿԣҶСȻǵһȴоѹѹǴģһοԣֱܷȴ߳ʮ֣ǵڶοԵʱ򣬽ʮ֡
˿ô̬ĳɼЩΣܶһεһҶСÿοԶǵһ񻰡
Ө꣬³׻ΪȫţؼƯʶأܶͬѧ鶼ΪܿӨһۣܺ˵һ仰
ĽѩҲСʱ򲻻ؼңУӨģΪԷʱһֻСʱص·;ͺһСʱȥʱ϶ӨﷴЩǵطŵʱ򣬻
ĽѩֻȥһΣǰʮһ죬ҶСĽѩȥһˡ
µʱڣҶСӨ˼ιϵҩˮΪӨ壬ҴһסƮ񹦡ҶС緢ӨѧʺϿεʵ飬һЩĹɹĴһĹӨ
죬ǳ֦ͣҡҷҪ˵ʲôһ㡣
һУҶС羲λŴʦĽΣΪɫħʦҶС£ҲǺҶС磬ÿ춼ҪҶС鷳
ҶС磬˵˵ôش𣿡ҶС˼ܣʦʹ˹
ʲôʦܲظһ¸ղŵ⣿ҸղûҶС˵ղͻȻ뵽˴Լ֮飬ôʱ֮ĹϵѾȫͬѧ֮ĸ飬ΪѵС
ΪҶСȾԵʣѾǰĮ߰ˣͬѧȥкȻŮͬѧͬѧ⣬żҲּΪǳЦݣʱźһѪ⣬еˡ
ҶСĻʦһƬ࣬ʵҶСͬѧղʲô
ʲôҲû롣ҶС絭˵
ʲôҲû룿ûʲôô᲻֪Ҹղʲô⣿巴ʵЦһ˵ҶСѵ㲻֪רǲʦ𣿡
֪ҶСѾ˵ʱҶСоұߵĺʫһȣҽϵһʼǱŲŲ
ҶС翴ȥֻдһ֣ǻʵ⣬һԵ⣬ֻǿһۣͼסˣҶС翪ش˳ΪĿһֱҶСϣ˲ûпʫС
ղŲ˵ûôˣǲڹŪңʵ
ҶС粻˵ˣ˸ԹͨģǱֳĬıȽϺá
ƾ˵ҶС磬ҶСǲ˵һ㰮զؾզصӣûˡ
ҶС磬ʲô̬ȣǲˣ᲻˵ʦʵ
Ҫ˵ʲôҶС翴Żʵ
㡭屻ҶС˵һƿԡ
ʱ¿ˣҲ˻һ̨ףҶС磬һΣͲҪҵĿˡ˵꣬һȻߡ
ĿҲãҲϣŻȥıӰҶС


605 С͵
ɫͱ䰵ˣӷѧģΪǸ꼶ˣһڿΣѧʱѾߵӣʱɫѾǻ谵ޱȣֵϵ·ȫˣƻԻ͡
С磬òǵ˻ʦɣҪȻô鷳ѧĽѩǵıҶСĸ첲Ťͷ˵ʫվĽѩһ߾ǰţ˫ĿĹâ
ȷʵǵǸɫħɫħҽǰĽѩŮ׷֣ＵˡҶСǺһЦ˵
ĽѩҶСһۣʵʵң㵽ôģ
һԵĺʫҲĿͶҶС硣
ʵҲûʲô˵ģǸһ߶쿪ѧһ˼٣ʦҷѧ칫ңʦڽѵҵʱǸɫħ˽׼ԼʦȥԷʦֱӾܾˣûиɫҿıĿŴΪҡҶС͵
ԭ˶ʲôöŹģߡĽѩҶСһ˵
Ǻǣ˱ɫҶСЦЦЦ˵
˱ɫߣʵشңûбҺͱŮӺãĽѩĶҶС˵
ʱĽѩߵĺʫ΢Ķһ£ɫЩ΢΢ĽţЩĵĿһҶС磬ȻջĿ⡣
ĽѩʻҶСһͷۣҲ֪ôش⣬Ͼʱ򣬺ʫߣû취ڣһڣƱҪ˺Ůеһ
ˣˣҪöԵҾˡҶСΪѵʱĽѩ˵ȻŵҶСĸ첲
ʫߣҪĵļһߡĽѩʫ֣ŤͷҶСһۣȻͺͺʫ첽ǰȥ۵΢΢ЩʧӸղҶСԥϿҶСп϶бˣҪȻҲԥҶСӣ֪ܰѽҶСȵ̫ˣҲûʣ׼ʳ
˿첽ȥıӰҶС΢΢̾һĿЩӣղĸоĽѩеŭĽѩûб
ҶСߵվ£ĽѩʫվµĶֻһԾĿţһ󣬾ƽСһ·ĹͿ˹˳ϳкܶˡ
Ϊ˱Ůڼ䣬ҶСӳӵȺмĽѩߣ˫ַסǰķ֣Ȼһ޴Ŀλ
Ů״ҶС˼ҶСĿռڡ
һЩûռ˵ˣ̾ҶСĿⶼһЩ⣬ҶС绵Ǻ¡
Լʮӵ·̾ܵƽСˣҶСĿʼտ⣬ͻȻоԼĽű˲ˣͷȥֻԼİɫ˶Ь϶һӡ
ǽӡĻƾͿһĽѩȵġ
ΪʲôңҶСɻʵΪһǸղԼûһӻشĽѩ⣬ĺѩУͻȻòôһ£ΪĽѩʱü
ҾôˣĽѩһ˵Ȼָ򹫽мһӣֻӽԱһԼʮҵٸİɫƤУΪŮƤڸ첲ϿţĿ⿴⣬һʱҲûо쵽͵Ǯ
ô죿ĽѩʵȺͺʫ˼ĽѩŤͷҲһĻȻĿͶҶС磬˼ҶСô졣
ҶСѾˣ޴ĳվС͵ļеأطʶȽϸߣҪǷǰҶСԲģΪӢ۲ô׵ģӢҪ۵ģһϾһλһС͵һŮӵƤ˵׷ȥץС͵С͵ͱ嵶ʱΧΧ˺ܶˣûһ˸ȥæΪ˹ضҽԺһֱٰʱŮӶûгֹ
ճżʣõȻҲкܶĺˡ
ҶСе˸ͦʱҪͦģһָһٸƤǱߵϡ
оһʹŮѸٵŤͷ˵Ƥк󣬴ץ
ĿһĨ׹⣬֪ӿڴóһ˦˦˼׼ٸĲϣϺܶ˶󲿷ֶŮ˵ļ
ʱҶСѾߵٸǰһץ˦ϣݺһšһѵ
ҽ˿ɢһɣ˦ȥҶСһͽ˦ץУֹ˵ӵ˵Ͻ˭ĽŴˡ
ҶСǿֱӹȥץסģĻΧûע⵽˷ҧһڣ˭Ҳ˵ˣ𲻱Ҫ鷳ӣ˽ԼıԱ¶ٶ֡
ʱҶСû֣ͣһ˦װԼĿڴУȻһץƤ˳ΪѸٵһƱ㽫˵˫ֽס
˾һ³ɳſڡҶС˾˵


606 
ϣ˾һھʹӦ˾ڹϵİҲʹͲþ콫еС͵ץߣʱҶСץסһС͵Ϊ˹ףôܲùſأ
СӣùԹԵķңÿһҰףԾɵҶС˵
вңҶСǹҳһ˿Цһ߳š
˫һʹֱӵ˵ϣҺʱΧѾԶ룬γһССĿռ䣬ҪȻڵϵʱ򻹻ײĳ˿͡
Ǿù̫ˣĽѩŮӼ˹ҶСԣҪ˵Ļ϶ᰤһ֪ŮӢ۵ͬ飬ҲûΪǼˡ
ʻһ󣬹ͣһվƵ£Ÿմ򿪣ҶСоһ΢ɱ⣬ֻ׼ߵĳ˿˫ĿǺĹâҶС綼֪˺п˵ͬЩô֪ǵͬﱻƷˣΪϳһǵͬ
һ˵ϵİֶ֯мɵġֹȷŻ͵ԵʱٶҪˣһԣտš
˾ϽصţǶС͵ͬҶС˾˼䣬ûѾʧȥսС͵Ľѩͺʫһ仰ųſڼȥʱС͵û췴ϾĽѩͺʫ˶˹Ҫסһ˵С͵⡣
ҶСĻ˾΢΢һ㶣Ťͷһ˺󣬶ʱˣϽ˳ţһС͵ͬհһأͰּסˡ
ҶСܹؿסֵһƬΪʹԵʣûżһݺݵ˳ţǲģһӾͱˣС͵ͬУҲųȥ˳˹ҳ³ĳţȥŸǰ˸ϽڣһƬҡ
˾ϽǰʻŹʻٶȻǺܿʱֱ˵Ӷе˾ͣģͣûС
ɫһƬǷŭ֮ɫ
ʱҶСӳλü˹ǰţһŷɳ껹Ӷеʱֱӽ˳ɳԶ·һͱײˡ
ҶС׼³궼ץסһ뵽ϻһС͵ͬڰҶСֻý뷨ˣҪ³ˣС͵ͬﱬ˳Ͽûܹѹסʹ˹ĽѩͺʫΪûо鶼ƲסԷǸʱ򣬿¹ϻкܶ˶ˡ
ҶСսһ³ʱһҽλô˹ҶСܹóǵ˷ġ
ҶСŤͷȥֻĽѩЩףغͺʫһ
ʱѾٶȺܿ죬ҶСҲǴӹǰųˣּ˹λãе˶óһ·
ҶСߵĽѩǰʱȴС͵ڵϳ鴤ţһҰףͷϻƶһСĺˮͣص䣬˫ס˫֮䣬Ĳ֡
ҶСһ㶣ܲ׵ĿĽѩҶСĽѩҵһ㣬Ȼ󣬽ҶС绳У˫ֽץסҶСļ
ûû£ڣǲõģǺǡҶСһĽѩ˵дǸĿһۺʫʫҡҡͷʾûʲô
һ̣ĽѩſҶС磬Ȼʫĸ첲˺ǽһ㡣
ôˣҶСָڻڳڳ鴤С͵ʵ
Ľѩ˼ĶҶСһҶС綼Լ֮ವġ
ԭҶС򹫼ҳǰŵʱ򣬹ĺűһҿˣҶСץסС͵˻ᣬס׼ȥû뵽һԵĽѩ߽ضһͷԱһ㣬׼ܣĽѩЩ£ؼҶСĻ붼û룬ɳһţֱС͵λ
ˣԺСһ㡣ҶС뿪Ц˵֪ΪĽѩǵһζִˣЩţĽѩһ¡
ҶСĻĽѩȻ˺ܶ࣬ݺݵĵҶСһȻźʫ˵ʫԺҪûĵļһ
ʱͻȻ䣬ҶС˫ĿͻȻų⣬ضסһ˹ꡣ
ôͬ鲻ɣҶСϹҳһ˿Ц
ҶС⻰һΧĳ˿͸ϽԶ룬ΨԼ˺
Ҳ˵ʲô˼򾲣ϻһ˿ɻҪһ˻ᱻƭȥ
ȻϵıǷǳƽȴһ˿ң˵⡣
ʵղҶСĽѩ˵ʱͰעųеˣоֻǳĽţȻҶС粻ǳɣ˹ʱҶСжϳС͵ͬ


607 ɳſڶ
Ӧöҵ˼ҶСЦһ£˵еɫˣ˶ټ˵Լ־ܻ׼Ҷ֣
ĬһᣬͻȻ䣬бһ⣬һɢǹ֧У׼ҶС翪ǹ
ٶȺܿ죬ҶСٶȸ죬ǰһ˫ĿоƴݺݵĶȥ
ꡣһѵеǹ֧˳ڣϵײ
ҶСһƵ֮£һɻľ˲ݻ󴦵Ĺʹ̣ҧһԣʹһͿԿܲһͨ
㵽ʲôˣ͸һɵĿ־֮ɫ
仰Ӧ㣬ʲôˣ㲢ֻһ򵥵С͵һС͵ôõ֡ҶСض˵
ҶСĻȻһƽӣȴޱȵĻңʲôһ㡣
ƾֱҶСܲ򵥣һ˵С͵˫ֱȽ΢Щ֣ҲֻˣˣӶѣֲ꣬ʹǹ֧Ķͺܹϸѵһ㣬ͲһС
㵽ʲôˣҶСһץץסĲӣ˫ĿĶ˫Ŀʵ
㲻Ѿ֪ͬɫǺ˵
С͵ʲôʱֲС͵ҶСǹҳһ˿Цʵһɷŵ
ڵرʢ̺ǿ󣬿ʵһ˽˱ڶǴ´࣬ʲôҪȥС͵ʲôĿģҶСʵҶСԵô˽⣬һЩ֪ġ
˰⣬ؤС͵֯ģǡ廧ĻҲ͵һΣҪȻûȾץ㣬ЩؤС͵֯˾ͻ鷳ΪҪعأЩ֯ÿ궼ҪڵİɡǮҪȻҲ޷档
˵ЩС͵ؤֻڰɴڵĵ֯ЩС͵ֵĻҲ̫ˣƷһҲǲܡ
ĮĲ˵һ仰
ҶС絭Ŀһֱ꣬ӷļ䣬Ŀ֮£ܲ㣬˵Էļ䣬ļңһӡ
λСֵܣ³ɳˡʱͣ˾Ťͷ˵Ҵ˳š
ѩȻȥһҶСŤͷĽѩЦЦ˵
Ľѩ˵ͷȻԽڴǴϣͦʶģܹɡ
ҶСźʫͶȵ˵ͷǴкȻڳڵС͵ǹ֧ȻĿͶ꣬˫Ŀз⡣
֪ҶС˼ԹԵ˳
³ɳһƧĽֵϣֵϵ·ƿΪʱ̫˵ԵʣЩߺҶСʹɳȥ
پɳ׵ľ룬ͻȻҶСһɼΪΣյϢʶ˲չֻһöӵͷס
ҶСûлͷһץһöƳγεӵҶСץУʱһҶСǰԴֱӱ˿Ѫɽ
ɱڣҶСԺгĸ֡
ʲôˣȻɳſڿǹһɳſڴ˳ֻһ˴ŷ߳
ҶС֪оѻָ֣һһųɳſյ⣬İ׳˲飬ЩĹ߶ʱ谵ޱȣҪǲƹ⣬ǾǰоѻֵĻӣǸֲѾˣ˳⡣
ʹоѻɱ꿴һ򵥣֪ܿһЩùĶǾͲֱɳſڿǹˣֱƹҵϡ
֮Կ֪ôġ
ҶСץˣһߣͬ־һҪķԱ֪һЩܣͬ׼ɱǸ˾ǱеľѻֻɱģϽɳйֵķӳ绰˵ҶСץһˣҪϼӿܣȥ׷ѻ֡
ʱҶСͻȻ䶯ˣ˫ַɿ趯˲öӵУӵݸһɻľ졣
һȻͷ˺ҪҶС磬ղѾѻִˣȻ֪ҶСʲôˣҲ֪ҶС˵Ǿ仰Ǽ٣ӸղҶСһҶСǸˣµ˵ͷһ˵ãҴӦ㣬һϼӿˣȻӳ绰ġ
˵꣬ҶСнӹˣȻ˸ϽɳȥΨְеľѻٴζԸԼ
ʱӵ˹׼ȷȷǳߣҶС緢ղŴɳſڵİ׳ȫǸùΪԷľѻǹϾҹӹܡ
ưҹе飬ٵ򾯲˵ӵȫҶСץ
Ѿȫ߽ɳҶС˫ĿһĨѤĹâоѻڵĵط۶ȥ
ǰĲдЩƽģ粻òдΪҪҶС˽⽻壬Ĳ־ˣ³ˣΪ糿Ĵ磬ǣˣûй


608 ûץס
³֮һĲĸ¥ϣɫſڸ¥ԵоžѻǹţͻȻ䣬ͣסһ˴һƣ˽ǹ֧¥ٶȼĳ¥һߣӸ¥Եһֱ档
Աߣ¥ӳȥȻϽ»ǲԶһС
Ǹմ¥ϻµʱҶСѾɵ¥ϣʱ¡һը𣬻죬¥ݺһ£¥ϷɳʯըһȵĳײҶСϣҶСھ޴ĳ£Ǻûд¥ϵȥ
ȱըҶСһ˲䴩ըλãֱ¥ԵǰյѻѾʧӰ١
ҶСһƣղľѻֵӰûпʵ̫ˣһ߾ȻԸһͨˣҪ֣Ǳ֪һЦԼ
ź⣬ҶСһһֻһȥٶȼ죬ǰԶǸгȥ
Ҫ嵽еʱٶȣһǰߣһ߲鿴ΧһУͻȻ䣬ҶСͣס˽ŲĿһĿͶ˽ֵԵһͰֻһֻɫͰ¶˳
ҶС˹ȥһӣһɫĿᱡ´˳滹кɫĴ£һóѵˣ
˵꣬ڣ⣬һһţץУоϬޱȣϵÿɵˡ
ֵʱûзκοɵӰÿ˵ıֶȻûаĽǵϵϸûиоʲôԾĵطҶСһԻ˾ܵô죬ȻһӾʧˣ˵Щ˻ȺУֻǵݼѾﵽ˳뻰ľ磿
ٴѰʮ֮ãûҵҶС΢΢̾һСˡ
ת߳УɳȥȻһͨɱ˰ҶСʼվ𰸼ʲô
ҶС߳ȥʮӺϣһϵΧȹһ⽵˿ҶСȥķһ˿⻹һ˿΢΢ľ
ŤͷĶæŰ⽵ĸŮ˵ţһæһᣬȥһ𷿲¡
ղŲǲȥ𣿡⽵ĸŮɻʵ
ղڲڣҹȥٿ˵
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֪ˣţǻ·󣬾Ͳϱ͵ˡһЦ˵
ûġ⽵ĸŮǻӵϷһĨΣһۡ
˺ٺһЦȻһڼҰӵȥЩ֮ɫΡ
ڣϡӶˣô죿߽ȥ󣬿ҵûһˣЦǺǵʵ
ˣʣϡһһ롣˵һֵˣͷԲĸƤһ㣬æŴɨŵڵĵ档
˵ţͣеĻеϰѷſڣȻʢϡ˶档
ֻŹǨӵ⣬ԼʮӵʱݡۿӥǣЩ֮ɫ˽
ֱߡ
ĵҲûˣʵ
ӻ꣬Ҳԣˡӥ˵˵
ǺǡӵϰͺͬʱЦЦ
ŵ飬ôǸ˾Ȼܶ㿪ǵӵǵĽҪǸô죿ȻϻЦݣȴǳء
Ǳɣղֻһһӥ˵Ǽᶨ
ǣԷѾɳˣǸûκεĻᣬοѾˣҾûбҪðŸգǽʵıȥˣǸʵ֪ģȥ˶֡ڵһ̣һ˵
Ҿ˵еʮǰǷ䵽ֻ˵һ仰ȴһȾʮ꣬ʮûʹǹôҲûʹǵѾԼͨˣȻһ仰ȥ˵ֵ𣿡˵
ģǵǷӥ˵
Ѿǰһˣǰһˣһӡ˵һ
˵Ǹô죿ӥʵ
±棬Ȼƽƽγ֣ȫǵ˵
ðɣԿϵҲұ֤ϵ֯ˡӥ˵
ϵˣˡӥ˵Ļ䣬һ˽ֻһʮ˽


609 ᰵ
仰˻Ȼž⣬һʮ־ӣȫ·â¶ȫû˸ղŵıֳо֮ͺƱѵӡ
˭ӥһ˿ɵ֮ɫʵ˶ӵв֣ǣԷղŽʱǾȻûиоϢ˵ԷϢʵ֮ϡ
Ҿ˵ˡߵһ
໥һۣҲϾҵſڵ˻Ϊǹ˿ڳԷ
ʲô֤ݣӥ˳ʵ
һЦ޳ָӻҰɫĳӿڴóһ̻һĺɫƣ۵ǹʺѪͷһѪȡϢɢ
޳һƾͱǶľڡ
ƣһǶ֪ƴʲôԺ˵ӵƾƿȨԺǧӢ
ʲôӥӵʵЩΣЩء
ҪΪֻ˲Ų˵ܡƽ˵˵һ΢һ㡣
΢΢һ㶣漴һĽǲʱ˵вЩ߹ʹ
ͻȻ䣬ϱһɲбѪȵϢĿкӿ׼֡
ȰòҪͷܴù𣿺οǼʱɱңΪǻܵ𣿵ʱ򲻽ǣǵźͺӶĺܲҡ국һЦ˵Ц֮ɫ
ϣǵļƽƽһӵĻǾԼ˽ԼɣʱǻţҾˡ˵վһۣȻ˳ȥ˵⣬û֪Ұӵз顣
ӵڣһѿ໥һۣ̾һ˺ӥӵվĬĬ˳ȥ˸ղŻ˸۾Ȼ˶·ʮꡣ
ȴ˵ҶС߬źɫ߽ɳŷпŵĻǸղľ졣
ãллղų־ҡľǸм˵
л֮ͶѣղŰǸѺɲԴȥҶС翴˵
ҪʾһǵŶӳľɫЩΪѵ˵
Ŷӳ𣿡ҶСʵ
ʶŶӳᾯɻĿҶС˵
ʶɣҲ֪ڻǲǵҡҶСЦЦ
ᾯ콫ҶСһɾĴڣڣһųľλһŰ칤꾯ҶС絹һˮ
һȥŶӳ˵һ䣬˳ȥ
Լӵʱ䣬һ󼱴ٵĽŲֻһľ˹ܳʱûмʱɳڣһװֱһ˫Ŀ
СֵܡҶС磬һϲýһ첽˹ҶС֡
ĲҶСЦЦ˵
ⶼĸǺһЦС˵ղǸץסģɲԸ˵һ¸ղŵ׷ʲô飿
ҶС׼˵ʱһЩǸ˵Ǹȥҵİ칫̸̫ˡ
ﶼһҶСν˵
УûûҵĽաȻŸм֮ɫ˵֪ҶСܲ򵥣ҶСùϵԺĹһĺô
İ칫Ҳ󣬲ֻжʮƽѣһ߳µİ칫һ̨ʽ̨ʽԣһӣİ칫ǰһľӣЩܿһڼԼˡ
һȥԸҶСһˮȲ衣
ллҶСЦһ˵ľϣû칫ǰǣ˳ȥһľӣҶСǰоͿԿ˺ܶ࣬ǰѶҵʱҶСĻܴ
Сֵܣ˵˵׷ʲô飿ҶСʵ
ҶС罫ӷֳϵС͵һֱղ׷ȥ˵һ飬ȻʡԵЩŵ飬˵ǼɫĴµݸ
һ֪˲֪ĶͬﰵɱˡҶС˵
˵Ļ¾͸ˡзž˵ĿͶҶС磬ղһץˣ˵ֻһͨС͵ʲô֪
֪ߣҿǲ˵ҶСǹҳһ˿Ц˵
ɲԴȥҶС˵
ãȫû⡣һڴӦ˵űվ׼ҶСһ߳ȥ
ʱղŵᾹȻ˽ҶСһۣȻ˵Ŷӣйֵķӳˡ
ȥˣһȥȽһ·ӳһǸ˵
Ѿˡʱſһˬ˽


610 ܹ
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ҶСϹҳǳЦݣӳþòˡ
ҶС磬㾹Ȼҹػʮ绰ҶС磬һ˫ĿһҶС˵
ҵֻػˣҶСһɻ󣬴ӿڴóֻһĻϻһ½ĻûȻ󿪻˼˵ǸֻûˣҲ֪Զػˣֻһûˣٵɽկֻ
ᰵҶСһֱۣߵİ칫ǰһһ쵼ļƣĿͶȻرһ£ҺҶСЩҪ̸
ǣӳ˵ȻҶСһ۹⣬ľ˳ȥֹš
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ޣ飬˭ˡ󣬷һŻµ˵ǳӢľϷĺΡ
µʱûмȷʵЩҶС磬˵£ûмЩԸ񽾰ӢˬʵȥҶС磬ֻҪӲţΪӲ˯ʱμҶС硣
ղӵ绰˵˵һҶСץסһҪķԱø绰ġ
һ£֪˷ǹս³ɳſڣ֪ҶС֣ﲻЩģȻʱæµһӣǸϽ˹ȻҲ뷢˳ǹɱ˰йء
û𣿡ҶСװһʮʧʵ
û˵ݺݵҶСһۣӢϸüΪոոϹԵʣͷϸܵĺ飬˲ϸܵĺ飬Ȼȥ˺ɫĳ£¶һɫᱡ֯ķͿӿ
ʲôҲˣΪǹֵĶӳҾͻ֮¡ȥףҶС˫ֱǰװһСµӣ֮Ůåֺµı顣
ģǸ￴ϡҶС˦һ´˵
֪ܹݵֶ빴ңҲŻĵҶСװµ˵
᰺·ٳҶСһ£۾һת⣬ǰ߳һߵҶСǰϹҳһ˿˵Цݣǰ㣬ҶСֻʮףһҾҪôˣ
ңСҸҡҶС˵
үЦһ׼̧ҶС°͡
ҶСˣѸٵ˫֣ӵ˻УһЦС椣үҲ㹴
ҶСˣһ˿ңϷ˺Ρ
ҶС磬ſңſ㾹ȻҳĶװʮ˵
ղŲ빴ҵ𣿡ҶСһЦȻͷ˷᰽۵ĺ촽ҧһ¾̧ͷһЦĿŷᰡ
˵ʵ뽫᰾͵ǵأѹԼе
ҶС磬û档᰺ݺݵĵҶС磬һرӣϵĺѾӵ˶ӡ
㵥µʲô飿ҶСԼɫһʵ
һƽһԼ飬Ȼϣܾܲ˵˵ʲô飿
ҶСľ˵һ飬ڷûʲôϾ֪һ֡
󣬷᰽üͷ˼˵ĳص
пܣҪȻһС͵ͬôô֡ҶС˵˵ЦЦʵҲûʲôǱʲôûйϵֻҪɱ˵־ˣЩùҵ˲ȥ
ôһ徫ûСᰵҶСһ˵
壿ֲʲôҲʲôӢۣҪ֪ӢۿûʲôõĽ֡ҶСһ²ؼ˵
ǻȥǸ˰ɣ֪ʲôҲһҶС˫Ŀоһ˿ǻ۵Ĺâ
᰻Ҫ˵ʲôȴû˵׼˵Ļȥ˵ͷ˵ðɣ
˵Ǽɫĳ˳ȥҶС
ӳ̸ˣ᰺ҶС˳˵һֱվſڲԶ
ȥѺ˵ĵطᰵ˵ɢһֵϣһֲݾܾζ
ǣӳ˵һ䣬Ȼŷ᰺ҶС¥ȥ
¥ҹѺ˵ľңžǰ


611 
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Ŷӡ˽ԱվһĹЩɻĿ᰺ҶС磬оЩϤǲ֪
ȳȥԿ£ҪһԱ˵
ǣŶӡԱһƣȻһԿ׷ϣ˳ȥ߳ȥԺͻȻһĨ⣬֪˭һйִķᰣһλһΣ˵кӲĺ̨
ϣʾѺ
Ĵ£˼Ϊ˳·ʱ˫΢΢һҪڵϵӣʱһ㲣Ǹˣһܵ˺
ҶС󣬲˫ȣֱĽѩΪĲ֣ʱܹվѾǸ漣ˡ
칫ǰϣᰶʵ
ûлش
žصһӣ˫Ŀбųâ
˵Բһ£ɳ˵ຣ
ຣôƣһ˫Ŀ΢΢һУϳһĨһԵҶСһ鶯󰸻оﷸ֣˼ҵǰȡģ㻹ֱȥİ衣

ʲôְҵ
ûְҵҵ񡣡
㲻С͵ְҵ𣿡Ƥһʵ

˵ô˸ʲôãƫҪȥѾҪˣҾ㻹ȥؤˣؤȶаȫϣҲöᰵ˵
վڷߵҶСϹҳ˵Ц⣬ѶķʽڲͬѶʱ򣬻Էǵõһαʵʱ˲ÿĶȻ󽫷ˡ
˵˵˵ʲôϵΪʲôҪɱˣһ⡣
Ҳʶͬ־ͷŹҰɣﻹźڵأҲ͵δ졣˵˻ƴʱǸλѾ˺ܶ࣬òȻﻹ˵
С͵Ҫǹһ˿ȣٴһӣϵѹʲô͵δ죬Ҫ֪йأ㲻̹׵Ļʹ˲ɱĶҪʮꡣרŻС͵
ǸС͵û͵ͱץסˣûбҪôذɣз֮ɫ
˵㣬ɷ˵㣬ûгĻֻǾʱ䣬Ǯڳͬ飬˵ѵ˸ϵ𣿡᰷һ䡣
ͬ־ĲʶǸˣǽӵ֯֯ȥ͵ٸĶ˿˵һΡ
ӵ֯ȥ͵ٸĶɻʵ
ǵġ˵˵ͷ
üͷ˼һʵǵ֯ȥ͵ʲô
ֻ֪֯˵ҴٸƤһʲôҾͲ֪ˡʵʵ˵
㻹˵ʵ𣿡᰻ȻһԷĿкӿ߳һǿϢ
Ĳ֪һԩ˵ı֮
û˵ѣܿóʱҶС翪˵ܴӶԷиܵһС
˵ĻᰲţҶСĻòţϾ֪ҶСŤͷ˿ҶС磬ҶСͷ΢΢ü
˼ҶС硢᰾뿪ңٴİ칫ҡ
ڴٸ֣ﵽʲôȻѡһС͵ȥ͵һ˵õһԼšİ칫Һһ°飬ҶС
˵ĺеӦþҵٸ˵תͷС˵ٸļҹƾһطŶӳҪȥһ¡
ǣﾯ٣ȥ鿴һ¡˵Ȼ߾߳˷䡣
ӣôüʵ
ûʲôӳжϲʲôһͨѧʲô͡ҶСЦЦ˵
ܲ㣿¡᰺ݺݵĵҶСһ˵
ҶСı飬һ˵Ҿÿٸһ֯ĳҪĶֺ鱩¶Ϊ˲˹Ĳɣ˲ŻɳһС͵ȥ͵ȻЩֻҵƶϣǲǾͲö֪ˡ
ȫͬƶϡ˸ǻ۵Ĺâ
ʱ򣬷ᰵֻ˵绰ӳ³𣿡
ҶСóǷ
ǵģôˣ
³ƽҵϱ׵Ĵһ𳵻һʮŮԡ˵


612 
ҶСҲ˷ĻЩõԤС
Ͼ͵ɫص˵һ䣬ҵ绰ҶС˵³߷ˣסĵطǺԶҪҪȥ
԰ÿʡһǮĹѣǺǡҶСЦ˵
ʲôʱ˻鿪ЦᰰҶСһۣȻȥ
ɫأصӣɷ顣ҶСЦЦ˵һ䣬ŷ˳ȥ
³ƽ۽ϱ״һʮ·ڣʱʮ·ΧΧȺʮ·˾ߣʮվھڣһطһŰײϿһ˵ʬ壬ʬΧķɽѪΡ
λ󲮳ʲôˣΧ۵ȺУһʮѧװһλʵ
ˣǸŮĿңûпһ첲ˣԴ㱬ѿ̫ˡλµ˵
˾أûаҽԺʵ
˾綼ˣǸ˾ûԣײ˻³һ£ûֿȥһ£ǸŮӱˣ˾Ȼ󿪳ˡ̾˵
ʱһɫıۿ˹ͣ·ߣǴ³ɳ˹ķ᰺ҶС硣
ֱ˾ߵ˸ŰײʬԱߣΪŷᰵĹϵЩҲûҶС磬ǻ϶ʶҶС硣
ӳˡ˸ߵŰײʬԱʱ˹˵
ᰵ˵ͷȻ壬ҿײֻΪҵһĻǰһŮӰԴѾѿˣ˽һҲһ첲Ĳˡ
ôŮӵʬ壬ҶС۾һ˿𾪣ü塣
ʶŤͷʵľҲĿͶҶС硣
ʶǱǸС͵͵ٸϵİɫƤˡҶС絭˵
ɫƤղ߷ˣֻһֻһǮʲôûСʱ˵
ɫƤʵ
ǵĳ˵
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᰺ҶСߵһǰ򿪳ţһɫСƤ͸ϺڣֻǮᰴϺиӣһ˫͸ףɫСƤȡ˳˸׳죬ʲôûз֡
ƤʲôûУѵǱˣüͷ˵
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᰿˿֤֪Ůӽƣʮ꣬סܱߵһСС
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ץĻ˯𣿡᰷һۣӶСȭͷҶСǻϺݺݴһȭ
취
ʲô취ҶСε˵ᰵЩÿ˵Ȼûа취⻹еģǿȥǰĽȦӣܴܲ˽⵽һЩ
Ҳֻˡ˵ȻҶС˵С磬лл㡣
ʲôʱôˣҶСһȵʵ
㻹ò׼úøлһ£û뵽컵顣ҶСһۡ
׼ôлңѵҪҶСϹҳһЦݣȻͷŽᰴһ飬òĻԣǿԽܡ
㡭ǸɫһɫűӡᰵҶС˵
Ǻǣʱ䲻ˣȻȥˣʲô¸Ҵ绰һҶῪģҹػˣԴѩҶСЦЦ˵
Ҫ𣿡
ˣﻹͦæģοסĵطҲǺԶˡҶС˵һȻƽСķȥ
쵰ؼң㾹ȻҾܾߡҶС뿪ıӰᰵзӵĹâ
ҶСչ˲ӱԼſڣŽţҶСţֻĽѩһɳϣŵӣ˯ˣ輸ϰڷˣ붼֪ЩĽѩġ
ߵĽѩǰûзһ˿ὫĽѩ׼ط䣬ձĽѩȫһļ󣬵˫ĿҶСʱһܸղΪǻڱ
ôôŻĽѩС첻˵
Բһ˴ڼеˡҶС˵ȻͷĽѩĽۺ촽
һǺĽѩȫ˹СԴһŤ˵ȱ𣬺ܳʱûгԶˣȳԷ
ҶС˵ͷ


613 ڴ治
󣬱ҶС׼ȥ´Ǳ߿ڵضĽչΣΪĲĽѩͷ
ĴϣҶСĽѩӵ˯бһŮһܣҲһʹࡣ
ĽļŮ㶼ҶСйǿҵĴ̼УڣѪҺڣʱĽѩѾ˯ˣҶʹҪȻĽѩ˯ߡ
ҶСǻʹ֮ʱߴͷϵֻһǷᰵģʱѾʮˣ绰ʲô£ѵʲôˣҶС
Ϊ˲Ľѩ˯ߣҶС缫ΪĽԼĸ첲ĽѩȡȻᲽ˳ȥ
ιӳô绰˭˯ҿҲںŮȣҪȻֱӱˣ˭𣿡ҶСЦ˵
ֻ˵㱾ͲУû򹦷гˣƵѾˣһ־Ӱ༭ס˾ԪСһʮŮˣһʮɷɷҲ־繤ֱ༭ᰵ˹
Ӱʦ濴û뵽ȻһӰ༭϶㵽ʲô˵ĶȻ󱻶ԷɱˡҶС뿪Ц˵
û뵽ͦģΪһӰʦϵȻʱ޿̶ǣڰֳûҵ˵ԷѾȡˣҪĶᰳصĶ
ҶС㶣û뵽ԼЦһ仰ȻƲ࣬ûеסĵط鿴ҶСʵ
鿴ˣƼһķӣԼһķ䣬ȫǶŵķ羰Ƭзɷ򽲣һ㲻ΪЩͣõһ1800صļ糿ŵʱ򻹴ţʧˣһˡ˵
Ȼɷ־繤ôûһؼңҶСʳеɻ
ɷ򽲣°˵ĺЩ飬ɷؼң˲ûһ𡣡
ɷû˵⼸ʲô쳣֮룬ҶСʵ
Уɷ˵ǰȥһͼʱ򣬻ʱЩԾ϶ڰҹѡ
һĬŲĵʲôȻҹᾪѣɱ֮
Ǹ˾ôҶСʵ
˾óڰֳϷĻĵջˣ˾֪١ᰵЩء
ļƻҲκεֻһǲȥʲôط°ʱȥҶС˵
֪˵
С硭
ʲô˵ɣôµģԸ񡣡ҶС罣üһûмѶϵӣ˵һʲôҪ¡
ˣ˯ɣ˵һ䣬͹Ҷ˵绰
ĪҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ߽˷䣬ֻ˴ͷڴϱĽѩ˯
ҹɫ΢¶߹Ļϵһҵĳƣ＾ɫʱ̺һڣƻͨ磬װ޵ľºĴڣŮڴڲͬĵط
ɳһ徫׳ˣһǰվһɫװԼʮҵˣоǿȵĳ֮ɫ
ͻȻ䣬ɳ徫׳˴ЦݵɫͻȻޱȣ̧ͷ˫Ŀз⣬ûд򿪹
ΪжŨĺ＾øºһ㡣
˴һͷȴ˺飬Ͻ˵ûУҾûУһõͰװǸҵƤڡ
ɳϵ˽ضˣԼӵʱ䣬˵һ·ǸŮ˴򿪹ûУ
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쿪ôˣʱ˲һڶʮңµʵ
ڵڴ治ˡ쿪ɳϵˣһ˵
ʲôڴ涪ˣµȻվɻ𾪣ͬʱڣҲ
ǵģҲ֪ˡ쿪̾һ˵ҶӦ°첻õĻǽҪԵĳͷ
쿪ĻϳһĨ֮ɫ
֪ڴò˱ˡ쿪˵
仰һе˶ĿͶˣϣ֮ɫ˾ǵľһ㣬쿪˵˵ͷʾ˵
ƻʱǸŮ˵ĵһСȥһΣ֪ȥʲôˣ룬ǸŮпܽڴȥǸ˼㰮˵
쿪ĿͶˣ˿ʵǾأ
Ҿ˵епܾǷҽǻǲ鿴һµĺãѾûʱˣκλᶼܷŹվڿ󳬱ӻԵһͷŮ˵
أ쿪ĿͶˡ
ȫͬ⡣
Ǻã֮߳ȥ鿴һ¡쿪˵
Ļ䣬һŮߵ˴룬˵ͷȻ˳ȥ


614 
͵͵ȥĸŮӵĵ绰ȥˣΪҵʱ˯ˡ糿ʱĽѩؿҶС˵ͺҶСʲôԲһ㡣
͵͵ؽӵ绰´Ϣųȥӵ绰ģʱǾֵķӳĵ绰ҵϱߵʮ·ڷһ𳵻ڹС͵͵ŮӡҶСεĽ͵
ȻˣҶСĻĽѩ֮ɫ
ôˣҶСɻĿĽѩ֪ΪʲôĽѩķӦô
ߺڹϻĵúúõģû뵽ôˡĽѩϧ֮ɫ
ڹˣҶСʵ
ţæ׼лģˣлǣǾĽѩϴ廳֮ɫϧ
ˣһὫ˾ץסġҶСĽѩ˵
Ľѩ˵ͷȻͷһϡͷӣҳԲˣûθڡ
ҪЩˣ˳綼ҪģֻѣֻҪܽ˾ˡҶС簲οȻĽѩ룬Ҩһϡſڡ
ҶСιĽѩſ˺˵С죬ҶСιϡһϡҶСιˣĽѩҸ۵ЦݣҶСһڣȻʰ꣬ܽ˳С
ϷˣôߡĽѩıӰҶСЦЦ
Ů˾ǺģľٶǸжС
ͦġѧУҶСλϣͬŤͷƽ˵
һֱǶͦһβϿ֮ǰˡҶСЦЦ˵
ؿ˿ҶС磬¶ɫȻתͷе飬ҶС磬ˡ
ڿҪϿεʱͻȻоֻҶС罫ֻ˳һǷᰵģһйذ飬ǰµĽչҲ˽֡
׼绰û뵽ʦ˽ûа취ҶСֻùҵ˵绰ʦͶڽӵ绰϶ᱻݺһ١
ȻҶСǾܽ˵绰᰺ǿһͨͲֵӡ
ι󣬲ҶСֻҪص˵绰ͻȻоһĿ⣬̧ͷȥֻһĿ΢΢̾һĵѾֻ𶯵
ҶС磬ûп㻹ǸæˣҪҪҸһڿȥ绰
ҶСûп
˭Ͽοˣ֪֪ѾӰǰ༶ļɣֻضҶС˵
ʲôȨҪҽֻҶС绹ʦʲô飬̫ˣѾ޿̵ĵزҶСֻ֪һȥԻԸһ黹ˣֻжҪô׸أ
ʲôȨƾʦҾȨ峯ҶСһ˫Ŀŭ죬һССѧȻϣǲˡ
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ҶС磬ǲܺãǲ׼ΥʦˣҶСĻ˫ȭգ뽫ҶСݺһ٣ǵ⣬׼ԼѹҶС硣
ǺǣĻһӵģǲĻоܾȨҶС絭˵
֪Ҳ۲ΪΪ˲Ӱ飬ҲΪ˲ӰҵҾԺĴҲˡһҶСر
˵ȻʹӴ˳ȥȥ
ҶСӻ߹ȥʱ򣬻岱ûһԵѧѾ߰ˣһѧǱʰķǸѧǱϹϾ
裬ǳ裬ǵʦһαԼѧ衣
ҶСմӻ߹ȥʱ򣬻תɳһţҶСĺȥҶСƳ۾һ㣬һᣬֱӺһ׵ľ롣
Ϊõʵ̫ˣҶСһղסţֱ˵˵ϣһֻƤЬӽ̨ϹǱͬѧǺôЦ
ҶС絭Ƴһۻ壬һŽƤЬߵ˽棬Ȼ߳˽ҡ
ǰ߳ʮ֮Զʱһĺдӽд˳ҶС磬Ŀ޽ʦУУ棬һѧУ㡣
ҶСﶼûֱӴҡڵѧУſȥ
׼סҶС磬ܵҶСϵ⣬ĪĴһ··һ㣬ûҲƿסһ㣬κ
ѧУĴңزֵ綯ţΪǹŵģҶСûа취һȻֱӴѧУĴԾ˹ȥӨꡣ
ףС磬ôûȥϿΣаĿӨҶС˽Щֵʵ


615 ֳ
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ӨĿƽĿҶС磬ϣҶСΣļΪ֮ףڽʦεĻѵãôõȥϧûϴѧԲǸεӨкܲ
ȻıƽҶС绹ܹƵĲ½͵Ө㣬ⲻܸùĸɫħҸϳ˽ҡ
ŶӨɻĿҶС硣
ҶС罫Լͻ֮ì˵һ飬ⲻܹңڱңȻҲ˳ۣҲ˳ۣ粻ĿΣ徻Ө㣬֪㵣ʲôģϿβӰҵĳɼ
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㣬УҵʱϿΣôܽĵ绰㲻Υüɶĵ绰ɣҶСЩΡ
Ͳܸҷţ֪ԼĲԣȻӲ˵
㵱ʱ绰̫ǿˣʱ㷢š
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ڻϿ㲻ͣĴ绰ʦˣҺ˽ҡҶСԲѵ˵
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Ҳֻ֪ҪǸƲľһĿԡҶС˼һ˵Ǽûзʲô
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ҶС֪˵ŷǧΪ˶ܼˣȥˡ
ǲʲôҪңҶСʵ
Ҳûʲô˵飬˼İѣоܹ죬ˣ˵ˣ뵽ʲôƶϳʲô͸Ҵ绰ڻЩ飬ݰݡ˵꣬᰾͹Ҷ˵绰
ûиôθڡҶСޱƵ˶٣üͷ永ôû˵ʲô
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ȥ칫ҡҶС˽ᵭƳһۣ߸Ь˳ȥ
ҶСε̾һ룬϶ȥҹᣬͶᳳܣѿɫϾܿ
ʦİ칫ڣҶСԹԵվڰ칫ǰһ
㻹֪ʦ˵лʦ𣿡˵ɫ䣬ֺɸֵ
ʦʱҲܹңǻҶС˵˼䣬Ȼ󣬽˵һ㣬ͬƷС
󣬶ɫÿ˺ܶ࣬ŭԾδʣû뵽徹ȻˣС磬Щ鷳ˣ浽УУ˵Ŀ޿üɣִУ㿪
ǺǣһвңжУɼѧУһҵġҶС˿ĵ˵
УȻῪ㣬һͷٲ˵ģϾʦѧ˭ĴѧУҪ˼档˵Щӣϸһ£ѧУܻǸҪ׼
Ǹ붼Ҫ룬Ҿ뿪һСҶСзһ˿⡣
ô嶯˵ֻǿܣһģúȥϿΣٸ鷳ˡһĹġ
õġҶС˵ͷȻ˳ȥߵſڵʱ򣬻ͷϴЦ˵ʦƯ
˵꣬߳˶İ칫ҡ
һ㶣漴Ϸ˺ΣһƬӡ


616 ͵
ѩϾͲҪȥˣЩҪȥ󣬾㡣Ϸѧ󣬸ճУţһ·ҶСĽѩ˵
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Сĵ㡣Ľѩ˵ͷӦ
ĽѩˡʱһԵĶ˵ҶСĽѩĻˣȥˡ
·Сһ㡣Ľѩ
ллټ˻֣ʫɫƽҲ˻֣ߵʱҶСһۣû˵ʲô
ѩȥǡʫӣҶСһʹŤͷĽѩ˵
ðɣȽˡĽѩ˵һȻӨȥ
Ľѩ߽ȥҶСתǰСȥû뵽ŮߵĻͦġҶСЦЦ
ôˣɻĿҶСʵֻкʫʵҶСΪ
һʲôΣգҿɾˡҶС翪Ц˵Ŀ϶ͣںʫϡ
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С磬ˡʱˣ˵
ټҶС˻֣Ů˳ʫϳʱҶС紫һ仰ʫϷĨΣһԵĶȿЩ֣֪ʫΪʲôͻȻ졣
ߺҶС緵꣬ӨĽѩ˸ԼʮʮֵʱҶС˳ȥǴ߳ȥģǴӴΪǾţʱѾˣ򿪵Ļ鷳ֱӴӴ߳ȥ
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ӵĶҶСǹҳһ˿Ūʵ̫ȤˣźΪ͸ҺԼһ쾳ĸֶԿ˵Ӵľˡ
ڽӵҶСǰ׵ʱҶСһ죬ƾһץӵٶȶʱӿ죬гһĨ֮ɫΪҶС粻ֻһèĹѣû뵽Էһ־ʯ쾪š
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ʱҶС·֪ʲôһֻһꡣһ΢ҶСһж°͡
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֮ǰҶ˵ҶС˵һ䣬˫ĿһѤĹâ̽˫ۡ
һĲҽд쳹ҹҹһ˿־ĳɷ֣۾һƬѪ죬бɺںļ󣬶СжѪҺʱɫޱȣΪʹ࣬ڶԶʩй̣ⲻΪ˾綾ʹ࣬ҶСǿжȡʱʹࡣ
ͻȻ䣬ֹͣ˲ҽУϵϢʧϢŵһӣҶС˫ĿһϣֱӵϵжϣɫЩ԰ףת˲Ĺɫͻָһһ죬гһŻ棬ŻɫɻɶҶС羫Ŀ£Ѿ˵Ľˡ
˲ȼܻ治ң¶ȴߵˣûʮӵʱ䣬˵ͻΪһŻҽϵһɢȥ
һкҶС罫͵ϵͳ٣һӰͳ˴ϣɫĿ¡


617 ˵ļ
ӽ˵ļе֪һص֯ѵһöӡһǧÿ˶츳ѵ꣬ҲֻǡӡҲ˵Ǹ֯ɸѡ
Щӡѡ֮ǧֻʮ˲ܳΪνġӡʮ˻ᱻܵĵطѵʣЩӡͳӣûѿĻˣǻᱻ֯ǲִиָȻǵĸԼнˮ۸񲻷ƣִһʮ𣬶ϰ𣬸ѶȶŲͬнˮ
˾һӡӵһ񣬾ǼĽѩûеڴ濨⣬кܶġӡˣǼÿͳжоݵ㣬ƽʱҲֻһ˶ѣֻʱ򣬲ŻۼܶˣһʮУжھݵҶС׼鿴ʱļһ΢ľʧˡ
ΪʲôѩҶСкǲ⡣
ѩѩûеڴ濨˵Ƶûڴ濨һ˺ɱƵǸ˾ͬһˣҪȻôڴȤĻһ˲ɱİͲˣŮǲƵĺѣƵɷ˵°ʱ򣬲ȥЩ飬ܾܿȥŮȥˡ
Ƶһж˼ҵļ֮УȻƵûڴ濨Ⱦͻɵ˲Ƶĺѣ顣
ôѩأѶڲƵǱҲûҵڴ濨ȫпܣȻͷûڴ濨ǽͶ˹ϵˣڹϣĽѩ˺Ͳ˵Աѩ˻ɣпֻҪڹϺͲ˵˶ǵĻɶ󣬵ʱڹϿ϶һˣҪȻô³ɳſڷ
ʱҶС罫е¼¼
뵽ҶС簵ãЩ֮ɫưҹе飬ƽҵֱȥȻ˼Ľѩô϶˼ӺʫͶȣһҪǶŮӶ֣ôҶСĳӶˡ
ڱеĹУҶСóֻ˹͵һ֮ͨħִ͸ǣ˷ֱ𱣻ʫͶȣ绰ЩĲĽѩһ˲鿴ĽѩӨǾΣˣٸѪһҶСȥĽѩӨˡ
Լ˲߷ӵʱ䣬ͱеƽҵ֣ҶСûȥСԽֱ֣ȥСԽֺʫһŷݺ棬˿ûʲôɵˣһʹӴԾ˽ȥ
Ǻʫķ䣬ʫûҶСģĿǰʱʫʱܻڰѦ
ҶСʶɢԲʮ׵һж֮УûʫȷʵڰѦ˵Ҳ֣˵＾Ƥ˻ԽԽ٣ǣʵǡ෴ر࣬ѾʮʮˣǣﻹˣҪʱѾûˡ
ʱһС̯λһ߳СһעĺʫΧĶǽȥԷĹ˿͡
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Լ˶ʮӵʱ䣬һŲССĿڴ˹ŲҶС֪Ǻʫ˹
Ŵ򿪣ʫһĴʱһǸҶСʱصһǺΡ
ôôˣûȥĽѩʫ˹ڴߣҶС˵
ôҶСװһȻӡ
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ٺ٣ǿЦġҶСЦЦʫĻУʫͷҶСϡ
źʫƬԼŮ㣬뽫ʫϧһǵ滹иڻҲͷˡ
ǲᷳңþãʫڵгһĨġ
ô˵㻹ôᷳأҶСںʫĶͷһ˵
㡭ô
ǲôǰʹˣҶСһЦʵ
ʫߺ˵ͷ
ôҪˣٺ٣ϴİװ׵ĵңЩ顣ҶС͵
ʫɻĿҶС硣
һ㲻ڲܣҿɲһѵĴƬһҰǸ˾١ҶСЦЦˣʫڹʱǸٸ죬ûᵽڴ濨
ڴ濨ʫһɻҡҡͷ˵ûУֻǸлһȻһ顣
ֻ˵ЩҶС粻ĵʵ
ʫ˵ͷôС磿
ϳˣǹɱˣõڴ濨ûҵǻɣƸǣǲʱҪСһ㣬쿪ʼͲҪȥˣסһ𡣡ҶС˵ͬʱ˸˺⣬տһӰӴӹһ˹һùǸץסҽǸ˵°ж


618 ʫ
ǣæʫЩĶԾҡҡͷ˵Ǹ⡣
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΢΢˼һʫ˵ͷĸϲ˵
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ͷ˿ֻеĺʫѾ˴ĿĽë̳һ˿ȣˣ˯ø𣬺ܾȣҲǰ츴ϰôţһͷ鱾УϻؼҪѦܲ𣿼ʹǺʫѾҶС紫ڵĹ
ʱоˣСӣסǽϣΪˣ˺¹
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ʱֱĽ׶ΣֻܿŽ룬ڴϵҶС綯ˣһУʫһ֧ɫԱʳУѤâƵһ㡣
ڼٱеĽһˤ˵ϣ֧ɫԱʴ̽ĴУûֱָͣͷôϸСѪ
Ȼˤ˵ϣ۵ʹ˵ȻҪҪĶ࣬ϽǰȥʱѾ׷ȥΪͲټϣˣûܶþͱץסˡ
ꡣҶСķԸ˵°жֹƬ̣˵Ŀ˺ɫѪҺ
һ㶣ϵɫ˲һ䣬֪Լʧˣû뵽жȥ°ͣȻǷˣʱڴϵҶСɫҲһ䣬Ҳ벻ͨΪ˻ж
ΪǵĶҩڣڿҩõλطһЩõļڿǲˣһϢʬ崦ˣȻʫȻûֹ˼Ͼʧ
ԼʮӺ󣬹ˣ֪ҶСںʫķУһ˺ʫĴǰ
٣ԲʧˣͷҰɣε˵˵رСΨִŵ˯˵ĺʫ
ⲻ㣬ҵʧ󡣡ҶСҡҡͷ漴Ŀб⣬ע㣬ղ˴ӴϿҪˣ㻹֪
ǣ٣ǵĶҩûڿǻУһǵĶҩڣǷڵʲôطҾͲ֪ˣֶҩһ־綾ֻҪһմȾһ䣬ͻɢȫɢġ͵
ҶС΢΢̾һû뵽Ǹ֯ô
ȥɣúñյһ˺ҶС翴ŹĿǡ
ǣ٣һܵһ˺ģҪȻҵͷһ˵Ȼһʧˡ
ʱҶСоеļ˶˶ͷһǳĽë΢΢գţʶʫѾ˹ʵˣ
ʫ˫Ŀ˵ͷ
ղŵĻ㶼ˣҶСЦʵ
С磬ҲǹҪ̸ġʫŵ˵ץסҶС첲ַǳƺܺҶС
ôŸֲ㣬ҵŮˣЩҲûʲôҶСĺʫļο
ҶСǾ䣬ҵŮˣʫҸЦݡ
ղǸ˾Ǳģʲô¿ȥģ˵ĻҲҶСʫ˵
֪ˡʫ˵ͷ
ʫ˯ɣҳȥЩ飬ͻҶС˵˳ŽʫҲ
㲻ᣬʫǵ˵ͷҪСĵ㡣ǵ֮ɫ
ģҲµģסŶϴðװ׵ĵһҶСںʫȻ˴ϣͷһºʫĺ촽һʧˣӴ˳ȥ
ҶСߺ󣬺ʫӣ⡣


619 ͨ
³´µʱѾһ¥մʱĹ̽ȣҪùƻһʱ䣬ʱѾǰҹˣԾæµһ񹤻שǽȻǽֻǸʽϰûһשžоͿԿǲͨˡ
ЩȺλãѾ޽һ޴ã޽лģȻⶼ˵ģȴǱж죬һֱԼΪ׵Ĵ£ڴһ󿨳󿨳һ޴ľУڴÿһʱ䶼Ѫɫʯ飬ޱȡ
һ˽ϵѪɫʯԱ߾мǰѪɫʯľڣȻ󾭹򵥵Ĵľв泵ľϴ󿨳󿨳ˣӵλá
ڶڸһСڣһϰϣ˫Ŀо۲Χ
ʱҶСѾ´壬öϣĿһУƬ̺󿨳Ѿװ˾ϳ󿨳˳ȥ
һҶСһ˺ڰУںڰǰУʱ䣬ͳ´⣬ȴʻҶСظ
з޴ĸۿڣÿڵĻﶼֵ֪ˣںкܺܶĲֿ⣬ʱ򺣰ߵĲֿʻȥ
Լʮӣʻһ޴Ĳֿǰʱ泵ڲֿǰȴţǽһ޴ľֿڣʱҶСҲʮңϸĲ鿴һ£ֿⲻԶһںڰУʶ֪ǸƬֿĸ֡
ӲֿڿȥĴӲ̫࣬˵ǲڿͨãʱֶţҶСûлȥ
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ΪµԵʣʫڵĵƻûйأ룬ҶСӿڴóֻ󣬸ᰴһ绰Ѿ˯ˣû뵽û˯壬᰾ͽ˵绰
ַʲô£ս绰᰾ʵ
ô֪ˣҶСɻʵ
ҪǷʲô£ҪȻҹǲҴ绰ġ˵ǳ֮⡣
汻Ŷˣ׼˯ģһ뻹׼¸㡣ҶС˵
ʲô£ʵƣҲǣӳæĽͷö಻ԣһôܲۡ
ƿ͵ĳּùĶɱˣǹˡҶС罫ȫ˵˸˷Ȼȴû˵˵ĻӰ˼ά
Ҳ˵⼸𰸼һģȻǻûеõڴ濨ôһģֻҪػŮΧͻץסǡ᰺ţ¶˿˿˷֮⡣
˵̫ˣǸͲǵĶ֣οץסôʲʲôֱӲڴ濨ֱָԴ׳ʲô顣ҶС˵
ǼŮӵİȫô죿ʵ
ǵİȫҸ𡣡ҶСܼᶨ˵˶һЦģһסǵİȫģһסĻ°Ѿŵס
ߣ񡣡˵һ䣬Ȼ֪ҶСи߳Ծ˵һҶС磬㻹ʲôûУ
ҶС˵һ¸Щûйϵ
ҶС罫³´Ǽ˵˷ҹ׼Щʯ
»淴ӦģڻҪ𣿡ʵ
Уӳ㳤ÿˡҶСٺһЦ˵
᰺һ䣬ȻҶ˵绰ҶСЦЦֻ̧ͷ˿һһԾ𣬴ӺʫĴԾ˽ȥ
ĴϺʫʮְӣҶСսʫ۾΢΢һ
ߺһֱû˯ҶСߵʵ
˯šʫ˵ͷ
ұ㣬˯ˡҶС飬ϧĿźʫ˵Ȼȥ·˺ʫıѣؽʫӵ˻С
ҶС׼ʹʱ򣬿˿ֻеļѾ˯ˣЩƣҲЩΣղŸʫ˵лҪҶСߺ󣬺ʫû˯ʱҶСˣˣر۵һ˯ˡ


620 ͼƬ
ļŮӶӨгԷ˯Ѧ񷼵ķгºɳŮӰæҲæڶȵүүҲǳºͷ
ǹصϱնɱ˺󣬾Ҳû˶һвֻǱǰ
Щ죬ֻҪǻĿΣҶСͶϣڴ˶ҶС緢ĻûмҶСӰûͬѧϣͬѧҶСûкõĳɼҲûǿӲĺֻ̨ҪȻʦ˳ͻѧУ϶ᴦġ
ʵ彫ҶСĿʦؼɵУҪУҶС翪ˣУȻܿҶС磬ΪҶСѧɼţҶС磬ǲǻѧУУȰ˵壬ҶСе⣬û壬
ϣҶСڿڵɳϣĽѩʹӷд˳ףʲôڴ濨ôֶأ
ӨֻһһĸŮӰռΨһķ䣬ҶСֻ˯ˡ
ĽѩĻҶСͻȻ˵ļ䣬Ѱڵڴ棬ѵѩ˵Ǹڴǣ뵽Ͻܽҡ
ΪĸŮӶȽҶСƷˣҵҲûҶСƿֱ˽ȥ߽ʱ㶣Ѫ
ֻĸŮӶֻ£ѩźһĸ첲ƽ̹С޳ȶ¶棬ɢżµջĽѩһһֻһڴ濨ɻŸԵ顣
ţĸŮӲԼ̧ͬͷȥҶСʱߺ죬ȸϽñӸס壬˺ҶС綼й֮ףûô赲
С磬ôˣåˣȻûоǵͬҴǲ㣿ĽѩŭĿҶС磬ͬʱһͷȥ
ҶСһץͷһЦϽ͵ᣬᣬѩǸᣬǸ˵иڴ濨Ҳܽ˵ģûв´ĻǸڴ濨ǲġ
ܲһ£ӨʫĽѩŮӵûʲô£˼ҶȴûʲôϵȻҪǸһ
еڴ濨ôҵУĽѩü΢忴ҶС˵⼸ҶСѾǽ˵һ£Ҳ֪ҶС֮סһԵɡ
ҶСǼһסķģ·;Щ㣬ԣһסӨꡣ
ҹڹϺʱǲעŽȥġҶС΢΢˼һڶ˵
ҶСߵ˴ߣӹĽѩеڴ濨ͷЦ˵ȷźá
ĽѩͷһǺΣåå
ǺǡҶСЦЦȻĿͶӨʵû
ûСӨҡҡͷǿõԿûвڴ濨Ķ
ȥСĵ㡣ҶС˵Ȼ߳˷䣬ӴԾ˳ȥԱߵĵһ๦ܶȻַ˷䡣
طʱĸŮӶ·Ƕ˿УӨѾԴ˿
ˣĽѩҶСôͻˣ̧ͷʵ
ҶС˵ͷȻߵɳǰڴ濨˶УȻ󽫶˵ԵUSBӿڡ
Ө˿ֻаյľۣæµȺľۣƻʱľ󣬸гѤƹľ£ͻȻһͼǰø߾۵㹦ŵĽֵϵһĻ
ֻһֵϣһӰͷɢվеϣ£°ںܳڵϿţӺܳ˫֣㷢䣬ͷò
𾪵Ĳһ磬ͼƬǣͼƬȴƶ˴Զ߽ܴܴȺ֮Ůŵöʱ˼
ǸӰ㷢ռĻʱ̧ͷڵĻϵһ˫Թ޵ӣ̺ĺ⾪ޱȡ
ֻɭɭ˫˴ĳ㷢һ˿ֲĻϣһŮӵˣкںɫѪҺ¡
ҳȥҳȥ졭ҪȻһɱǡʱдôһǴӵԵдģֱӴӵĻǸŮ˿дġ
žӨŵøϽ˵ԣĸŮŵɫҰޱȣһѪɫûУ˭Ͽôһͼᱻס
ǺǣǽŵģһͼƬѣҪ룬ǸϽ˯ȥڲ鿴һ£滹ʲôʱҶСЦЦ˵
ȻҶС˵ģȴ֪ͼƬܲ򵥣ͼƬĶ̬أôĻϴֱһ㡣
ҶСĻĽѩ˲ԼͬҡҡͷԸȥȻҶС˵ֻһͼƬûʲô˵ģȻеɭɭģƺе¶Ƚʮȡ


621 ӥæ
û£ú£ڡҶСЦЦ˵
ĸŮӵ˵ͷȻȻһҰףǴʱȸղź˺ܶ࣬ҶСǵĹǣֻҪҶСһж£ǸԼ
ҶС򿪵ԣĻȻһ棬һŮӳ䣬˿ڣѪҺ˿˳£潥ԶҶСԿŮӵĲһ˺ۣܿͷͻȻ䣬Ůӵϵ˺ʧˣѪҺҲʧˣһŮӣеĺȴǿˡ
ҳȥҳȥͻȻ䣬ŮӺƷһǰȥҪӵԵĻһ㡣
䡢Թ޵صڴڣǴӵԵĻдģͺһŮӱ˵Ļһ㣬ɭĻš
ĸŮһϸǲҰˣЩɪɪ
С磬ǸͼƬˡĽѩŲҶС˵
ҶС̧ͷһĸ˵ӣǸһЦǸŵˣϾ͹ء˵˵꣬͹رͼƬͼƬͼƬǾ۾ｨ
鿴ڴ濨ڴ濨ֻЩͼƬûʲôҶСüͷڴ濨еײܣ
ѵͼƬ
ٴϸķЩƬͼҳȴûаͷʱһͼƬȴԺУͼƬ̵ӡէһͺʵһ㣬һӰӵ󣬴ӵ
һͼƬ˹ƳɵĻǡҶСûٸ롣
ʱĸŮӼҶС粻ͼƬˣк¸Ͻ˹һµĿƻʼǱԡ
ôˣǶųˣһȺС˿ĸŮӷ׵ɫҶСǺһЦ˵ר˵ġ
˭СˣĽѩĿҶСϻЩҰףһ˫ĿݺݵĵҶС硣
Ȼû˵ҶСܹоǵĲΪĳЩԭû˵
˵ӣҶС֪ԼɹˣеĿ־УѾ˺ܴһ֣ҪǲĻĸ˿¶ʧߡ
ЦЦҶСЦ˵ʱ䲻ˣǸϽ˯ȥ
ɲ׼ٷǸĵͼƬĽѩҶС磬һԹӣԹҶСղŽһͼƬôá
ᣬȻˣҪȻ㻹ˡҶС翪Ц˵
ߣ֪ͺáĽѩҶСһʶı飬ˣС磬ǸͼƬôģ
ĽѩһĿҶС磬Ҳһ֮ɫеĿ־ĸŮȴ˺棬˵ԣŮӵĺĸء
ǸǵԸģͼƬܹҶСЦЦشϽ˯ȥҪȻҾͿԴͼˡ
ҲŲأĽѩƲƲ죬Ȼ˵ģǹԹԵ߻˷䣬ɴ˿ɼǱȽϺͼƬģӨµĿһ۱ʼǱԣҲ˽ȥ
ʵǸղź£һͼƬҶСж˵ĺ£ǵܿˡ
˶߽˷䣬ҶСɳ˼һͼƬǵԸĻôαҪ洢ڴ濨أʲôڴ濨ǲڵģɷ˵һͼƬ󣬻ЩԾϻᱻѺüΣô˵һǱʲôסˣǱͼƬס˵ĻȫпܣǿֲĻ棬ɭȷʵὫס಻õˣ˲ᱻ
Ļ˵ƬǲģģĻǾֲ̫ˣֱǻˡ
ͻȻҶСĿһ뵽һˣӥӥˮƽȻܹͼƬǲġ
óֻӥĵ绰룬ܿ绰ʹͨˣӥ˹٣ʲô£
ӥ˵һͼƬܲɶ̬ģҶСʵ
ԣphotoshopоͿӥش
ôܲڶ̬ͼƬвҶСٴʵ
ԣЩѶȡӥ٣ʲô
һͼƬǶ̬ͼƬܲܰҿǲģǸͼƬЩ죬ǸǴӵԵ豸зģֱӴӵĻϷҶС˵
ܣԲͼƬǴӵĻϴģ޻̸֮٣û𣿡ӥСʵҶСʣҪ˿Ѿˡ
ǲвĻûаװ豸ôӵĻϷأ
ûҵʵ㲻𣿡ҶСᶨ˵
٣ҪQQҰͼƬ͹Ҹӥ˵
õġҶС˵Ȼ½QQ룬QQǶ٣ҼΪѡ
ӥֺǺǵĸҶС籨һݣҶС󣬾ͽӥΪѣͼƬʱͼƬеŮȴܵһǹ죬·֪ҶСͼƬͷһתĿԹһӳƮ


622 Ʋ
ҶСϽƣȻرͼƬͼƬŮӵĿֲӣǵɭӰڵŮӡ
ҶС򿪺ӥQQ֮ĶԻճȥȴôҲճϣҶСЩƣֻҪļ
ӥҷȥˣյûУҶСʵ
յˣ٣Ҹӥ˵
ûһʱ䣬ӥ˹ɻ󣬡٣һž̬ͼƬһϵͼ
ʲô̬ͼܵģߵͼƬǶ̬ġҶСЩ𾪣ӥĻỳɣԷĸ鲨˵ͼƬкܴˡ
٣ߵǾ̬ͼҪǲţҸӥΨҶС粻ԼϽ˵
ӥĻ䣬ϢһͼƬ˹ҶС綼Щŵ۾ֻͼƬϣӿֲ˿־Ůʧˣͼκһ䶼ûҵҶСжЩë´ſֲͼƬŮȻڣһγֵĵطһгг棬һҸıгˡ
֪ҶСƬֻǵĿһۣȻͷг˵ıϣҶСصͼƬɫԽ㲻⵽ôһ¡
٣ǲǾ̬ͼƬӥʵЩԼˡ
Ǿ̬ͼƬȷʵ̬ģ˵ûпܲѶ̬ĲָϣҶСʵ
ܣƹͼƬģͲֻܳƶ̬Ĳ֡ӥǳȷ˵
ӥϹһͼƬôһ¡ҶС˵
ã٣Ͼӥʵ
һſڵ꣬㵽˺Ҵ绰
ǣ١
ҵ绰ҶС˳˼֮У֪ôһ£һص׷Ѱڵڴ濨ͿԿڴ濨һĳҪĶǴ򿪺ֻͼƬʲôļϻ͵ƵʲôûУͼƬҲֻһſֲ˷ָͼƬ⣬ͼƬ˾Щ벻ͨſֲͼƬ󵽵ʲô
룬ҶС粦˷ᰵĵ绰ûֻͽǲʲôҪˣʵ
ǣû뵽ӵ绰ٶȻͦġҶСЦ˵
Ҹղ׼绰͸Ҵ˹ᰵгһĨ
û뵽ǻϬٺ١
ŸûϬ޵ǲ١ҧгݵ˵ҶСȴûϻͲ˵ˣϽ˵ʲôҪ
˵ղ׼绰ҸʲôҶС粢ûлشᰵ⣬Ƿʵ
˵ǲ˵ᰵЩ΢΢ķŭҶС׼˵ʱ򣬷ᰵĻ˹ˣɣҸ˵飬һʱ֮Ҳ˵壬Ǳеû
УôˣҶСɻʵ֪˵ûеʲôϵѵһͼƬɣ
оУǱߣʵ
ǡ
ǺãңϾ˵Ȼ͹Ҷ˵绰
绰ҶСεЦЦ
ʱҵŴ˿Ľѩ̽ԼСԴô˯ղָ˭绰ˣ
ӳ绰Ͻ˯ɣ룬ǲûұ㣬˯ˣҶС绵һЦ˵
飬ߡĽѩҶСһۣ顣һš
ԼȴʮӺһɲ洫˽ʣǷ᰿ĳҲֻŻơ
ҶСϵԣŵԴӴһԾ£ȻſͣһɫıСγһɫ˶µķᰵĴӳ˳
ٶȻͦġҶС˷ǰ˵
Ͻģʲô᰽ĿҶС˵·ǺҶС粻˵һ㡣
𼱣ļԲȶǽ˵еɻҶСЦЦ֪Ϊʲôɻ󣬽͵ҷֵЩֲӰ쵽ǼϢ
ᰵ˵ͷȻ˳ڣҶС籧ŵ˸ʻλá
㷢ʲôҶСú󣬷ʵ
ҵ˲ڵڴ濨ڴ濨ѩУڹʱ򣬲ƷŽȥġҶС˵
ôһܹȷڴ濨ǲڵڴ濨ʵ
ѩдͲЩοЩ죬һֱѩһֻҪڳΪرˣҪȻѩзŶҶ֪ΨһһҲߵľǴڹϣڹʱѩֻкͲ˵˼仰ѣҲֻлᡣҶС
ᰵ˵ͷͬҶСķ
ڴ濨ϳЩƬ⣬ûʲôҶС罫Դ򿪣˫ϣüͷָЩƬ˵
ֻЩƬôһ㿴ЩͼƬһʵ
ȷʵʲôҲûУһſֲͼƬҪ׼
ֲͼƬɻظһ䣬ͼƬͻȻ䣬סˣҶСԿزԱŵĲᡣ
ʱǵ䡢ɭִ˹ҳȥҳȥҪȻһ


623 
ž᰸Ͻ˵ԣɫЩѿ΢΢ĶԱŵĲᣬһ־δӡ
ҶС򿪵ԽһͼƬرգȻ˵ԣһܲ԰׵ķʵôû°ɣ
ûû¡ᰰ˰֣ȻضҶС磬˫ĿŭһҪҶС˵ĳ嶯ҶС磬ҹŪֲֿͼƬŻ˭ǲǲ̫ˣ
ҶСһ㣬û뵽᰾ȻǸֲͼƬרŴҳŻģҶСһЦһ£˵ǳԱ˳ŲŸͼƬͼʹڴ濨УĿǰжϲ㵽ĻΪġ
ղ˰ɣѵûǵǴﴫģҶС翴ŷʵ
ҶСĻϸ룬ղǵΪ죬·ǴӡǴĻϴģһ뵽ȫð亹ֱ̫˾ˡ
û£ᰵӣҶСתͷԷ˺λϣĵʵҪҪұ㣿
û˵ҶСĬϷͬˣ󷽵쿪˫ֽᰱ˻УѾǵһӵˣӵһҲûʲô
ڸʲôͻȻ䣬᰺ҶСʵ
ҶСԲѣһֱ׳˵㰡
ղűŷᰱǶȵӿ̼Щסһ£û뵽᰷Ӧ
㡭ҹȥᰱҶСֽ޳ܵĻĶ˵˻ҶСƿһ
ҶСؾصڸʻλϣ˳ĬһǷᰴ˳㿴˵Žλϵĵ˫ϣóֻĲߣһһƵ˿
㿴Ƶ᰽תһ˵
ҶС翴ȥкһݵķ䣬һһŮһȲз֮¶
ɣӳ㲻ҹҺ㿴ƬɣĺܼįĻֱ˵ҪôӵعҡƵҶСĿͶ˷˵
Ҫٸ˵һ䣬С㣬Դôô࣬ڱڰװһͷĻ棬ĿȥᰵһۣȻϹһ˿˵ǹ㣬Ĺ㣬𣿡
ҶСһЦĿͶƵ᰿һ㣬ƵǶŮջϹ֮ɫӣͻأһӹޱȣͺƽʬǰ㣬ûһĲ壬˴ӱлеóһƿƣ˾ƿȻݺݵԼǸλȥ˾ȵǣûʹĽг黹Щ˷ܡ
ſһĻ˭ͷƤ飬޵Ŀ־塣
ʱζŸղŮӼӵľٶɵˣһ
ӵĶڼܽӲǸطȻ˵ơƿȥѪǸӱĿȫ֮ʱٴ̧֣ݺݵĴ̽ĲϽ
嵹ڵֻǣϵıһЩ仯ʹޱȣҲֻ˲ѣΪѾʧˡ
ǸʮĴ󻵵ƶĶȫǻɣһ𰸼йأȥû뵽ȴһĻǲ֪ģΪƵ˸еܲһͷҲûУ벻ȻԲ㿴˵
ʲô£ҶСʵ
ǻһ͵ĶƷйء˵
ĻӾͲҪˣֲʲôˣˣһҶС˵
Ǿ죬Ҫʹʮ⣬ҲӦзɳӦ˳Ρ᰼ᶨ˵
ҶС̾һĵǸԽҲҿǸԽͷܼԭԽԽˡ
ôô϶ǱıɱģڷпɿӰɱġҶС֪Ǹ˵͸¶Ź죬Ծ˵Щ๼ĻˣҲˣûбҪ׷顣
ҶСĻһϣ˵˻ǶƵʾȷʵǸɱģԾɷΪʲôɱ÷Լ
ֲǵˣôͻ֪ܲɱ˵ʱһȣԼǰɥ£ȻȻɱлҶС練ʵ
ûа취飬ƵоܿҶС˵
Ȼûа취飬һǻȥġ᰹ִĵ漴Ťͷʵ濴ʲô
ʲôҲûпҶСҡҡͷüͷҲ벻ǸΪλɱŮ
ҽԺѾŵþǷˣϸ͵òʲô𰸡ҡҡͷЩΡеĹԽԽˡ
˵꣬ĿͶҶС硣
ôңҶСʵ
ʱһСγʻ˹ͣſڣҲǷСγĺ档
ýţԼˣҽģһλԸ֣׼һͼƬôһ¡һŵӣҶСЦЦ˵


624 ͼƬķ
ҶСĻһԺЩ۵ǰ¡
ҶС翴ӥ򿪳˳óֻ׼绰ҶС簴²ӥ
ҶСӥ¶һĨϲɫϽ첽˹Ľ١
ϳҶС˵һ䡣
ӥ˺λϣڻһ˵ʱЩ⣬ǷʱĿ¶һ˿֮ɫȻʶעһЩţᰵĴţȻ˵
ӳáӥһ
Եĵ˵ͷҪǿҶСϣ
ӥ㿴һͼƬǲΪģע㣬˵ҶС˵Ȼ󽫵Դӷ˫ȡͼƬȻ󽫵Եݸӥ
ӥӹȥһɫǰδеĳأȻҲܲ԰ףᰵȴҪϺܶ࣬󣬵һֲĻϷӥϽصһͼʱĶͷ亹
ôӥǲΪͼƬҶСʵҲĿͶӥ
ǣͼƬϿ˹ĺۼȻǵˮƽҸ߳ܶıˣϻûˣҲ˵ͼƬȷȷʵʵġӥƽһ˵˵ϲ¶һĨ֣ҶС˶ڵԲͨͿʲôлһ˿Ļ룬ҲожôĿֲΪһԸֵһͿͼƬ٣ŻӺ¡
ΪģĻôĳһ̬ͼƬҶСʳеɻ
ܡܡӥϰû˵һ֡
ʲô㻹ǲǸˣûҶС˵᰾ȿӥʵǲͷ֮ɫ
ֻҵĲ룬˵ǿɲҪ˵ӥ˿ҶС磬Ȼٿ˿ᰡ
ҶС˵ͷʾӥ˵ӥ˵˵ɣҲ˵ġ
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ӥĻһĬʵղҲ뵽ܣǶԼĴ뷨סˣҲû˵ͬӥ˵ô͸ˣһ£һƬôһ˹档
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ҸղҲǿЦġҶСǺһЦҪǸڴ濨
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ôôأһƬ֮ʱһ̾Ȼʧ̬վ̾һëһ㼦Ƥ
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ᰵĻ˶˳Ĭ֮С
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626 ϵĳͻ
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627 绰
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ðɣˡԷ˵Ȼ˵绰ٹҵ绰ʱҶСоԷƺЩ˷ܡ
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ӡһŮŴӡĶһ˲仨ʧɫڶӡƬȫɢ˵ϣһѪɫûС
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628 
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ôˣط壿ʲôԵ𣿡оӣһ۾ú崿ŮӴӵԱվʵҲһɻЩֱӸ˹
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ΪǹܴƬܵӡͼƬУҿƲƲ죬ȥͬŮ˵ƬŮӵӰʧˣ΢΢һһɫͻȻ䡣
ˣƬֲŮӵӰôͻȻܵ˴ӡͼƬУоһĵֱš
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Ҳԡ۾Ů˵ͷͬط
ʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ֽ¨űһŵֽȻٴνֽ¨ȥ


629 Ѻ
ҶС罫绰ҶϺ˼һ֡Ѫ˴һ绰һѧУſڣоԷҪˣԷ˵Ĳǵ˱Ƚ϶࣬ԼҲһˣֲͷֻۣҪ־סԼ˾ͿȫĽѩ˲ˡ
ĵģǽ˽˹ھ겻ԶĵطѪΪһ欵ŮԵȻͲˣֱæ˳㻹ܱӨ
ԼʮӺһǳɫװӨ˳㷢ڼϣЩ΢ǳ죬ϴǳЦǹ֮ãҶСĻ
С磬һ˰ɣϽȥԷɣӨ˵ͻݵĺӡ
ҶС˵ͷվӹ̨˳ӨЩ֮ɫӨ㣬쿴رƯ
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Ө㣬ʲôҶϲҶСЦЦ˵Ө㣬ȥˡ
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˰ɣȥϢһ£һҪϿΣȥҶСЦЦȻת߽˳
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ʫûע⵽ҶСȴע⵽ˣ΢΢̾һ漴һ룬ҲûʲôֲرܵľٶҲûзϡ
Ȼطˡʫ˵Ȼ߳˳
ʫ߳ȥıӰҶСЩӡ
ʮӾҪϿˣҶС˴˳ԶһѧУȥĴһĻƽгһ˿Ĳ΢΢㶣ȻѧУȥ벻ͨҶСĽѩŮ֮ʲôϵ
ҶС߳ʱ򣬵ѾλѪŲͬװͶ仯ˣΨһûбʺޱȵĺ촽
ֺ͹ҶСܹоõǵλá
ĵһڿѧϰҶСҵֱ˽ѧ¥ǰ԰еͤڣϲ壬岻
ҶСͤڵʯϸдһҵ⣬һ߸ЬҶС̧ͷһǶ˹ɫЩÿ
ôˣʦҶСЦʵ
ҶС磬˭㲻ϿεģվҶСǰӸµĿҶСʵ
ǻ岻ϵģ˵ĿΣԲϡҶСƽ˵ʲô⣿
ҶС磬㿴ʲô̬ȣһһ壬ٲҲʦѹ˵Ŀʦ˵ĿЩŭɫ
ʦôˣǲǸˣҪȻôô󣿡ҶСЦʵ
㡭ǸûһǱģѵ֪ʦ˵һ첻ǸͲѧǽΣҪ֪Ǹˣѧϰãǣͬѧأô죿ʶղԼȷʵһ㣬̬΢һ㡣
ôҲûԭ򣬸ղŻܵİ칫ҴһҪҶСǸҪȻͲѧΣͻ峳˼䣬徹Ȼ׼Զᶯֶţֱ˦һƣ˶һ䣬˵ߣʵǸӣ˭϶ϣһѶ༶ѧҶСǸ
ڰ칫ڣһΪѧǵѧϰ׼ҶС̸̸
ʦҸǸĻҶСɫѿ
С磬Ϊͬѧǵѧϰܲίһ£Ŀ⸴ӵĿſҶС˵ǲ׼˵仰ģһ뵽ͬѧ˵˳
ʦûиҸǸҶС粻ŵ˵˵ҵ鷳ģʦ
֪˵еĹâӵĸˣΪͬѧ
ˣʦǲǸģѧΣ԰ӳУУˡҶСɫúѿЩʧ
ڽ֣У⻻ŪõĻᶯùϵ㡣˵
ǾͿҰɣ֮ҲǸҶС絭˵һ䣬Ȼҵ߳ͤ
С硭һЩʹҶСûһ㣬Уſȥ


630 ·ϵļ
ҶСͷҲص뿪оԼĺۺۣڴһ㣬ؿںܶ£һֺѺĸоһְԼزһֳʯԼʯˡ
ˣˣô죬ô죬ҶСȥоͺʲôĶ뿪һ㣬޳ǣ֪ΪʲôȥΪ̫ʹԵ𣿶
˺þãڴ˼ʱžǻںһЩûиղǰƣĸо
ʱǺڣ֪ҶСԭİ칫ڣ彫ܽԼȥԭȫᵽҶСϡ
֪ҶСͻ岻ͷȴƫƫҪ˵ĻҶСȻܹίģƵһҶС岻ѧϿεĽ취˵ĹϵҲѺۡ
ҲãʡԺ壬ʵǴ͸նˣţоӨˮӿջ䣬ʯϣϸС飬ÿһУ·ӳҶСղ뿪Ļ档
ˮǿɬģǰζ
ʵǶڣ߳˴ſڵҶСҲЩڣжôԼҲ˵뿪뿪ʱһתһӡ
˰̾మԵȴԼĸ飬ǸϲŮ飬ʱ򣬴˾ͻһӡ
߳УſڣҶСתأһ뵽ղŶһ㶼ΪԼǣʹͷ˵⻹˵С֡
һˣͻٺԷһһУʱһ΢ĶһĵĻпܻԷ˺ؼҪȥȥա
ԵתһᣬܾΪεĴ˵ĸȫߵͷİ˻ʮָա
ˣ˱·ϣÿһѡ񶼺Ҫһ󣬾пܺһӣû˻ᡣ
ҶС΢΢̾һͷһۣµͤкܸӣʱԥͳ֪òתǸŮһůӵһԲĻ
ˣǻһҶСվû½УţһǸĻлʹ
ȥ·ϣҶСͻȻͣס˽Ų뵽ȻԼ񹦣ΪʲôղԼȴûнеǹɳ嶯յ
ѵҲܴﵽĲԭҶС뵽ԣԣһģ϶ʲôطûŪס
ʲôĲʲôյôǸѪ𣿿ֻһܡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСгһĨʣˣڶƿػƵҰƿصľ磬ͻ֪Լȱʲôˡ
С磬ôˣôЩˣҶС߽꣬ڹ̨ǰڰĿӨĵʵ
û£Ө㡣ҶСЦЦ˵
ǲǺĽѩˣʲôµĻԸӨ˵ġӨ˵
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˵꣬ҶС¥ȥѪ׼кҶСӣֻô⣬ȻһѪɱ֣ʲô飬ܹĳҶСϵįΪ鰮
ֲõ̹˵鰮ֻ׸ϸ߷İʯ
λ㣬Ȱտһ꣬ȥС硣ӨߵѪǰ˵жǶҶСĹġ
õģȫû⡣
ллӨǸм˵Ȼ󼱲¥ȥ
Ө㣬ôˣɳϵҶСнŲ𣬻ͷһӨʵ
ȻҶСɫƽޱȣʲôԾĵطܹоҶСĲԾⴿŮ˵ĵо
ӨߵҶСɳ棬ֻѩźһԲĸ첲סҶСĲӣҶСԴĻУ˵Ө֪£Ļ˵ɣˡ
ȷʵһ£ҪһжõġҶС罫ԴӨԴƿתɳϣٺһЦӨɳ汧ԼĻС
գǺĽҶСͷӨûоܾסҶСĲӡ
ӨǵĻζҶСһǿɵ
һƽ֮Ө˱һɳϣӨϾǻĳ졣
һûУӨ΢΢ͷʵ
ԲӨ㡣ҶСǸ˵ղ鲻ãӨַйĳɷ棬ӨļصӡۣҶСйâΪӡۡ
˵ԲֻҪ㿪ľСӨ˵
˵һỰ󣬾͸Դ·ʱڶڿѾˣҶСѧУȥ
Ǹĺܿ𣿡ҶСߺѪӨɻʵ
Ө˲ͨޱȣû뵽ȻˣЩģѪ˵
ģҲ˵ġѪ˵㻹ûлشҸղŵأ
šӨЩ˼ĵ˵ͷ


631 ƽҹ1
ҹ޹ʵĹ˴磬Ļϵ²ҰײҰףΧĻǵƲ㣬γ˷ӡ
ֵߵľɪķл죬ҡҷŻǿĻҶ·ںǵĲʡ
ͻȻֵϵ·Ϩֶʱ˺ڰһֻͶֻ񣬴ʱɳϵҶС磬ͻȻ˫ĿһõĹâбųʵʣͬ·Ҫƿռ䣬âȥо
о洫һɼΪѹֵϢһɽ¥ζҶСִһʲôûУûʲôĵطֵĻشûС
ҶСɳϵȴһ䣬վվ˴ڣĿкӿʱһǧ¥µӣʮˣҶС
Ŀȳ˶֪Ҫ߳ٱؿһŶͷЦЦһƣǶֵ˼ɣ
֮㶯ˣһֻӸ¥һԾ£һһʧˣƻķ磬˳
ʮٶȼ죬Ѿ׼õ»¥ϻ˵棬һĻҶСһʹӴӷ˳ȥҹ˴ӡ
һҶС˷һϢ˿˽룬ͲҪˡ
٣ʲôˣֵԺһ뷨
һڿһǴꡣҶСڶ̵
ǣ٣ֻҪڣһǽȥġֱ֤
ʱʮѾ˹վ¥ϣΪ׵꣬ȻƮ£վҶСǰʮ״ʱһȫľ룬ԷֹԷͻȻϮӦ
绰ǸˣҶС翴ͷʼչŵЦһе龡֮еӡ
ӣ㻹еģȻ֪ңӦ֪Ŀģڴ濨ҪȻļҲ졣̷һݲȵ˵۵һж֮еĸЦ⡣
˵ôϻʲô붯־ɣҶС絭˵һǿߵϢɢһƣ·ƬеΨһΪģʮ֮һƬƽûһ˿ķһεų˳ȥ
쾳磬ȻûʧʸҵĶ̷֡˵¶˿ε˷ܡ
ķϻࡣҶС˵˫ĿȵٶȺҪ죬ҶС˵껰ɲǼʹ˶̷ǰ
ʱûе̷֣ԱгüΪͬһ̣˶̷ǰӶҶС˫Ŀбʱ顣
λ˧磬㿴ͣҪ棬Σ˵رϸƺЩ̫ࡣ
黨ָʱʱŮƣۣͣҶСĵĲ³
֮ҶС뵽⻹һμȤˣ˵ơ
ɣ֣ҿ֣ҿɲϣǸǹͷҿɲҪİ¡˵仰ĵĿҶСһۡ
вŮҶС粻мĿһ۳ĵӣǰˣʵЩȥˡ
˵ʲôٸ˵һ䣿ĵӼе˼øѿ˽ˣĵ֡
вŮĹҶС
ƾ仰Ҫҵĳĵ¶˲̶Цݡ
˵һƴɢ裬޷Թģ˫Ŀһɫ˫ĿͻȻ䣬ҫһƬâһ˦㷢ƸһҶС̶ֱȥǳͻȻúܳܳ˿ǧɣҲֻһ仰ܹڹʹʱ龰
Էĳûô򵥣ͷޱȣƶԷܹƵһͷҶС˫Ŀһһĳ羪İȵܼ㷢һֱͨ򳤷ĵӡ
Щͷʮ㣬ҶС£㷢ֻ˿û۶ϣĵӣƻһſҶСһƸûУԷĳѾ˹
ҶСһƳһգһ⽣УӶӰŷƬضڽӰ֮¡
ৡ׼סԼĳȫնϣЩʧ˿С
ҶСĿһĵӳȥ㷢ĳ֮⣬㷢ɵġ
û뵽ʵôǿҲҪӲܼҵŮ촽˵һȤ֮ɫ
ģһֻ棬ԼԱ𶼲ԡҶСӵĿųĵӣǰĳһ˼ĽǶȴ̳Ϊ꣬ϵķâΪϬ
ĵٶȺܿ죬һƳ㷢ҶСĽâϡ
ҪԼӰ㷢Ȼ˸ˣĵгһҪնɱһУ˫Ŀ̺ŭ


632 ƽҹ2
ĵĳ˵˵ͽȻһ䣬ͺƺƬռΪһ壬ɪ໥ںϣԵù֮
ͬŮһ޳ʮָʮɫ˿ߴϸָ˿ֱ߲߶鶯쳣ĻߣԷɶǰС
ɫ˿ǰ֮ԶľȻʧĵĳϵЦݸӲˣ̷긺վһһϷӣ˸ž⡣
ҶС˫һУһƬѤĹâӣǰһжһˣֻΧɫ˿ߣЩɫ˿һֹµĹ켣š
˿ߵٶȷǳ죬ҲǳķҶСܹ˿ΧĿռ䶼΢΢Ķ˿ɣЩ˿߲ƹ»˲С飬Щ˿ڷУƣԵøĪ⡣
ʱ궯ˣʮָƾյ㶯ٰ㣬죬ҲŶһ˾Ȼ֮赸һŮӵĻһֻ赸һĻԵЩײֱ࣬θ¡
趯Щɫ˿ߣҶСٵĻȥÿһ˿߶˿໥֪Էƿصʲô硣
ҶС綯ˣ۳ĳɢϼ⣬ƾ֮Ͻµһɽ۳ɵĽһ̿һ㡣
һ̳ӰƬգӰӶصƲɫ˿ҲǱնȼʮѣնһֻһ֣Ұǰ㣬նϣд
׷Ļˣ㻹ǹԹԵҵĳɣĽٷپն֮𣿡ĵһǼӿ趯ϾȻ¶һĨŮӼ˵죬ҪһˣŮˡ
Ҹ߿ˣ޵ġָᡯֵסվһԵĶ̷ʧ΢΢̾һڸ̾һλֵįֻڰ̾ߴʤ
֮𣿡ҶСǹҳһ˿ЦѾˣЩ˿֮֤һ£ܲնЩ֮ĽǲܶնϣҲֻŲѩǶĴ̬նöϰɣ
ΣֻƾΧľҡҷܡ磬֮ǴȻγɵģ޷նϡ
ҹǴڶֺԷĹͷΪһ壬Ĺ켣Ĺ켣綯˿߾ڶ粻ͣ˿߲ϣҲҶСնϵԭ
ȻնϺնֻҪҷĽУԼƿطĹ켣
ҶС뵽еĿѤˣǿеƣֻһ۾ͻ˳׵ʧҶСǿľ֪Χķ磬ɷ΢ľɼҶС罫ԼľֳǧݣЩӡ
һ۶м꣬ҶСƷ٣ͻȻת򣬿𣬷ĵꡣ
˿߼ٷأЩ˶֮˿߽ĵסˣϵ±˲ƣŮ˻Ҫ׵ļ沼˺ۣʱƱһ㣬ѪȾ塣
ҲҿյļʱҪȻЩ˿߻ὫиС顣
ôأĵѪ૵
̷Ҳһ㶣˫зűĹʣһοҶС磬룬ҶСֹڴˣû뵽ҶС羹ȻͻȻһĴת޸˺ˡ
ûʲôܵġҶСƽ˵һٶȿ쵽˼£ϳӰĻ˲䣬Ѿֵ˷ǰһƾŷ޵ȥһ£Ĳˡ
ǿҵΣУ޸ϽԴһƫҶСһҼϣͷһ죬Ҹ첲ȫˣΪҶСޱȣͣƻĹͷԼ֯һ˸ʹˣĸ첲Ҳĥˡ
ĲҪҶСַ־ٴδһһȭƬռ䶼ƾֹˡ
ۿҶСҪһȭ̷˷ǰһ˦Ƴ˺ԶͬʱҲһȭ
䡣һһε˿䣬ֵϣܶݻƵҶ˲ޣ֦˷ĩ
ŵŵš̷岽֮Զӿ˳죬ѪҺϵӣҶС粻ֻ˳һѣƽޱȣǿһ۱ܹ
û뵽ʵȻôǿ̷һ˿ɵ֮ɫ˵ȴ˷ܡ
ʵҶСʵ˵ʵǿ󣬸ղŲΪ޵ĹȽϹ죬һʱûӦʱٴζ֣ʹ츳ҶС綼ܽ޴ܡ
ΪˮƽҲضѣҪҲǺѡ
žž̷֣ʮ˴¥һԾ£վ˶̷
ʵȷʵǿεҪĿҪڴ濨ֻҪҽȲסȻǶѶ֣˵ô̷Ծһ֮еζ
ԿҶСǹҳһ˿Ц


633 ƽҹ3
ҶСĻ䣬ֺѪ˴Ӻڰ֣վҶСڹڰҶСȲΪһŵʹá
۷£ֲ˵ĻΪƾܹ赲סʮ𣿡ʱ̷ȻһӣϴŵЦݡ
˵꣬ϵЦʧˣ⣬Ӷһ֣Щĺ˴һƣһҶС˹ÿһԵúܴݣȻ߶ٶȴ쵽˼£سɴ֮
ҶСǰʱһشͻأֻҶС³ÿսʱһУû뵽ھȻһС
ŶԷóһУҶСЩȣĵش츳ߵԷȻ츳ߣȴƾ˵ش̣˵Է˸似
Գĵش̣ҶСûж̧źݺݲ£ǵش̶ʱҶСȳ˷ĩƽˮ·ȴһ󶴡
ڶ̷˶ʱʮҲˣһֻֻһֺѪǵΪǸߵҲֻкسڶѣж˶Ǻ졣
а˲סֺѪˣֱ׼ӴнȥץסڵļŮӣҪЮҶС硣
˸Խ߿֮ʱҶСһţƬݻƵҶһεǣŷˣٶȼ졣
ۡ뵽˵üıƬݻƵҶУѪҺ䣬ͨͨ׹صһ˶ƽĵһܵĽӴ
Լµ˲ͱҶСĻɱˣ̷ɫѿ˭õҶСʵȻôǿںֵʱ򣬾Ȼڳһֻ֣Ը¡
ʱԼСҶС磬ԴҶС󣬺ûһܹ֮УÿΣҶС綼һЩϵ飬ҶСĿǡ
ǽֵĶʵ̫ˣֵߵĵڵˣܶ˶ΪǺڰ£Ҳûв鿴һЩԼҵĶ¥ŽֵϵһĻΪû·ƣһ˶ź£˿ֻܿҶСͶ̷Ǳйâ˸
Ƕ֪ôһ£ڰдôйâЩգĳƬһģӰӣĲʲô
ޣȥǴ̷ҶСս֪ԼҶСĶ֣ŤͷŻָƵķ˵
ðɣ˵һԹĵöһ¶ǰ㷢˫Ŀɫâ˺ƻһ磬¥ȥ
ҶСɫһ䣬ңеĻӰôԭطֳһ˷ֲٵĻӰƻһ⣬һӳ˷ϷĿռ䣬ɫЬͷ¡
䡣һ޴𣬷ޱҶСݺݵĲ˽£ƽˮ·ϣ·϶һδӣΧѷγɡ
ҶСվڷϣӸĸſѪӿķޣ˭Ҳ˺ߵˡ
һзڵʯ䣬̷һȭҶСĻӰϣ¶һĨЦ⣬ͻȻЩԾΪȭͷͲ
ڴԻûзӦ֮ʱ˺һ죬ѰһֻҶС羹Ȼվڷϣ֪ҶСʲôʱ뿪ģһ˿־壬ȫѳƿأ֪ӣʱ򣬾ͻˣ˵ʲôûˡ
ҶС̧žҪ޵Դȥ̷˵ֻҪ˺һ˺㲻ݡ
ԷвĻҶСɫúѿвˣûᣬ̧źݺݲȥ
ȴûвзޣҶСͿҪз޵ʱ򣬷޲֪ʲôֶΣ徹ȻĽʧˣʹһŲȿգؽӡӡΧ֩һѷ졣
ȥʱѾ˶̷ߣһǱϲ԰ޱȣ˫ĿеЩдѪҺ˺ܶ࣬ӸղʹõֶԲлȡķ
ʱ򣬵ֺѪѾնɱˣ˺սһ
ôûиղŲôôˣҶСϹҳһ˿֮ɫϣԭʧ׼ϣǼ˶
ҶСճڶ̷ǰ͸оһȵľϮʱȻٶԶ̷ˣ֣Ǹ˵ĹҲᵽϡ
һҶС˿ȥֻղվλóһŰɫµˣɢϿΪѾؾ硣
ǿߣѾˣץµ˴ӿóһưСʾݸ˶̷ꡣ
ǡ̷ӹʾȻ˵ķ뿪ˡ
СֵܣֲǸᣬڡ˵һ䣬зâȻʧˡ
ں͵֡Ѫս˵Դըѿ˵ϡ
ҶС֪ԷǸоԼʵֲҲûĺԼһսҲˣǾĻɢעɱԼͬ飬Ǹʵܱ֪ˡ


634 
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ʱҶСһֱ۵ʶǾΪĿĲֶΣԼй¶ܣɱͻɱ۾գգһ£û˿ԥ
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١ʱֺѪ˹ֹؽһ
Щʬ嶼ɣҶС翴˿ڵϵĽ˵ʬ壬΢΢һ̾ǶһȺˣǵ֯Ϊסܸǣһ˵Ǿڻңǵ֯ҪǵʱʹҪʱ
ǣ١ֺѪ˵Ȼʹƽˮ·ϵʬ壬ûнӵҶСںڰС
Ťͷ˿ܣûˣһ¥ȥ
ҶСɳϣһɫ˿˯µĽѩ˳
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㻹ǵ˵Ҫ㡣Ľѩ˼˵
ôҪ飬ôܹأˣҲʲôµģΪһҪǡҶС˵
ǣǸǣ߳⣬жŮˣĽѩ°ͳԴҶСʵһֻ쵽ҶС䣬šһС⡣
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֪ͣͣͣʲôߣʵȻҹܿӰĽѩҶС˵
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ţ˲ˮȻ֮ɫǰÿζȥµİ칫ңκˣֻط칫ҡ
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635 ƬеŮ
ղܾİæ߳칫ʱû뿪ǾöЩȥһϴּ䣬û뵽һʱоȫһ䣬һŭ
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һĻطŭǣ˫Ŀͨޱȣ޲һǹֱӱޣԼеŮ裬ôܲŭ
žžž£ϽҷſطȼŷŭĻ⣬ĴŽʵĲӣȻϽ칫ҵſڱ
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ô֪̫ˡŮӵյģͻΪһ⣬ֱӽµڡ


636 ֮
һԵطõŮӾȻһâµüĳ˽ȥǾ֪ô£̫ˣһ£һŮӾȻƬ˳˵ܲ¾¼𾪵ǶԷȻܽ뵽壬̫ˡ
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еŮһԼطһɵɵӣ·𲻸һжġ


637 ѻ
ƬΧϣƻͨ磬˵һҹ֮ǣﷱʢʹ賿ҲַǷҹ˻϶ˡ
ʱ賿һʱ⴦ӵвҹ֮ƵĵشЩѤ޺ơͨİ׳ƵȵȣеĵƹⶼͬһʱϨҹһƬڰ
˵âƽȶôڰʹìңҹڰʱͬһʱ䣬ЩҹˣţйеĲҹˣһ㶼ѹˣҪͷţֻҹֵĿ񻶺Ѥĵƹ²ͷңͷеѹ֡
˵ʱ׸ɳһЩʧȥǵ飬ڰĵúܶطһЩ
һĦ¥ϣһзһǸ߿ƼǸʾԼֻҵĺȣʾһƽͼĻ棬һ̶С㣬Сλþʹλá
ѵ꿴еüͷ˵ǸղźҶСһսĶ̷꣬ΪƺᣬӰ쵽жˣҲûлȥϢָѰҪĶڷޣΪ̫ܵˣֻȷ˻ء
Ϊ˲ĵЩˣֻҪһЩֶΣʱԵĹرľֲĵĻ׷ѰЩֻţӶҲܴĶҺԣҪȻŭ˻ĵЩˣûкùӳԵġ
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ͣ¼ֲ֪ʲôԭɵģͻȻ䳩ͨеĹԱһҪٲ磬µڶ죬Ƕþ̸ǻؼֵȥεͣ¹ڵС


638 ʬĴ
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ҹڳһЩ깡⣬ĵطеƹ䣬Ů߳ʮԶȻͻȻתֱ߿˿ûзʲôȻЩɻ󣬸ղжǴֱߵǸģôʲôûأ
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639 鼰ƶ
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ȥĽչԼưḶ́Ҫ120˽һ£ûȥ
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ᰴһӡƬһ̬ͼϸûŮӵӰüͷڴ濨أԭͼƬ򿪡
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ǸӡЩͼƬأٴһ䡣
һӡƬݸ˷ᰡ
᰽ӹЩӡ˰ֽƬĿƳ۾Щףа»ǸӾȻֵز
ǰʱҲϷһĲ֣ԺֻռռϵıˣҶֶš
ͷЩӡƬ鿴˸飬涼ûŮӵӰӣǸƬУȻеҲֻֻͣĽͲ֤һй¼
»治ǸһĶûУĻãкݺݵȻʱѾƬˣȥµ˽֣뱨Լ
ӳܹʲô𣿡Ͻʵ
ܣ»Ҫúò飬̫ˣҪҪ֤ŮǴڵģĻܽϵϴ壬ȲҪ˵ȥȺúò飬ƬŮӵǰİйϵӦȽǰİĻƬŮӵҲ֮ˮʯ˵ž⡣


640 Ů˰磬˰
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˵ǻҪµ򡣡ᰵ˵
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ڷᰵ£콫µʬ̧ͣʬȻæŸԵ顣
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лҲ˲ųΪȨƷ˵
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ǧʱ˵ɣ˵Ҳ绰һŷǧ鷳ŷǧҪ¶鷳ŷǧĻͻγԣİ참Ͳܿٵ
Ͻ˿û˵ʲô
ʱҶС±Ľѩ˯㣬Ͳ֪ô顣
ڶ죬糿ҶС˸߳꣬ͿſΧȺƽˮ·ϵѷ죬ͺۼԼӡ
Щ˶۷ǷǣϷ顣
֪ô£ۿˣܣЩۼɵġһ˵
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˵ۣҶС絭һЦŶõһЩϢ
ϵսĽѩĿҶС˵
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ͬͦٵġλϣҶСŤͷЦʵ
ÿ춼ʱģΪ̫ˡƽ˵ҶСĿдһ˿ɫ
ôˣô۹⿴ңҶСɻĿŴ֪ô۹⿴Լ
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˵ƯŮˣŮ˰ױ磬˰ѡƽ˵ȻҶСһۣԣ仰˵ҶСѡ
ĻҶСһϣʵղǾ仰Ǵ￴ģ
ҶС粻̸⣬תһ»⡣
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˵öԣ仰ܽȫµ˶ֻ꣬Ǵһ󲿷ˣһٲûбȥˡҶС˵
һҶС磬û˵ʲôŤͷ顣
֮£ҶСӿڴóֻ׼ֻ֮£ֻûʱֻûп
տһЩͬѧ˵賿ҹǲ֪ιʾȻϵ˺üӣҪ֪⻹ǽһγ飬Ҫ֪ʹף·⣬ֻǾֲͣѣ賿ǰֱӾǴΧͣ硣
ҶС绹ûüǸ£ֻһֱ˰֮ã˷ţҶСһȫǷ᰷ĶţϷġ
ҶС簴˳һһĴ򿪣˵ȫϷ飬źҶСüͷ
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ѵԭγɵ壿ҶС
ѧľ磬Ҳһ֪⣬ܶණףҿɸһЩ֪ʶҪȻǸʲôò
ʲôأҶС˼ƮԶ֮ʣͬʵͶɻĿ⡣
㡣ҶСԴûзӦʱھ˵һ䣬˵󣬲ŷӦ˹Ѿ˵޷ջˣƤľûе£ĿŴ
ҶСĻ΢΢һ㶣ѩѩסԵúƽϷɳĨĺΣע⿴Ļֲˡ
һ˿ɫһҶС磬ƽ˵ĵûк³ġ
ҶСһЦԼڿԼƤж
һ˾յĿΣҶС翴һڿ־㿴ߺժĿβһҪϿκúֻҪʦĿ㶼ᣬ־˾ǲ˵ʲôģһ㣬˾ջǱȽԻģҲֻǿ־鲻ܸɣдĿҵ
¿κҶС˾߳˽ңߵ˽ѧ¥ǰ滨԰ڵͤв˷ᰵĵ绰ʮʱ䣬᰽ͨ˵绰
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ǸѾķˣķΧ࣬οҲûмʵ̬ҲܸȷĴ𰸡ҶСЦһ˵㻹ҵܵĳˡ
㱾Ǿгˡ˵
㻹ҵһˡҶС翪Ц˵
񣿾㣿ǵΪһ˵˵
ǺǣǵҳôҶСЦ˵
㣿ҾͲͷϣҺ볢ڽŵ¸оƺǺҶСһ㡣
ֻҪǸҶСЦЦϽתһ˻⣬ˣ˵ŮѾˣ
ǵģ̫԰ȼٴǱߵˣһƦå󣬻˵Ȼ˺ɱġ˵𰸼Уһ۵Ĺ̡
һʱ䣬̾鷢ľŮ԰ȼٴˣֽжź꣬ﻹͦԣģһѣһũҾƹݵķԱϲĲźͲ֪ΪĲǷ˾޶Ķծǵϣ㿴ǶƵ𣿡
ǵãǸھƵɱǸˣҶСɻʵ֪Ǹ˸ʲô
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󣬷Լһİ˵ߣϽ·Ϳ˻ȥû뵽ڻȥ;˵صĵƦåǸƦåȾƺȶˣʱһơƿźɫɫĴ𣬶źٴαǿˣºƦԼʶź꣬źǴӵˣ¶ź꽫˵˳ȥɱ˵ͷһԵľƿ飬ȻŶź겱ӻȥź˿ϣǽźɱˡ
źڣ¥ɱˣص˵Ϊ̫ʹ˲ɱģ˵ߡ
˾ûһǺöһԶûУȻԼŮ£ֱݣ֪£ɱ᰺ݺݵ˵
㲻Ե氡ϻк˵ģͬңֻҪϲŮˣΪǣԸ⸶ԼҶСᶨ˵
ߣĸҲ˵졣˵ƺҶС繼һ㡣
ûоԵġҶСµ˱
ڷ᰻׼˵ʲôʱҶСٴ˵ǹַǼľ˵ôҿǶƵϵ˿¾Ǳźɱģͬѿ֡
ҶСɲͷ᰾ǸУϽת⡣


642 Ǹ
Ҳƶϵģƶϣܶ˸ͲܹܣΪ⿴ʵ̫ˣοûʲô֤ݡε˵
˼˵ֻץסŮӣܸһЩ֤ˣҶСʵץס𣿾Ʋ⣬ŮӿԹִ̫Ȼ󾭹ı仯γӣʵ壬һ壬κεûЧ
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ңֻһͨѧʲôץҶСЦЦ˵ֻǾ£òûжĹϵ
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ҾͲôˣ˵㵽װﻹǲʵ
ˣҺܶεķϣһǰһѰɣҶСε˵Ȼ鷳飬Ȼᰶ˵ϣҲֻܴӦ
ߣ㻹еġ
ô㣿γɵĶѷֵġҶС˵
ǶңҵץסҲˡ˵
ץסʲôȥץѵ㻹ɣҶС練ʵղѾ˵ˣ壬û壬ʵĶͶ첻˺
汿ᰵЩ⣬ѵһʼʲôط𣿡
ڴ濨ڣ˵һģͽؽȥҶСʵ
㻹̫оȣֻҪ죬ﱣ֤һúһұһ㡣˵
ᰵĻҶС⻹˵硣
֪֮
ˣϿˣȹˣʲô飬Ҵ绰ҶС绹׼һ·ᰣʱϿֻܷ
Ҷ˵绰ҶСüͷŽȥѵǸŮ̬֮ڣΪǸԭ˭Ҳ˵
һҪŮӵץס֪һУҪôȥѰңһܴ⣬һͷۡ
ŮӼȻΪԹ޵Եʲִ𣬴ӶôԻӺڰĲȥһֻҪߣ߿Ե飬Լķʽ»ĲȶǵĿֻš
Ϊ˲Щ鷢ֻܾ콫Ůҵ
Ÿӵ飬ҶСص˽ңλһԲĳ˼һ󣬹΢΢һҶС̧ͷһȴһµĶ˽տޱȣһۡ
ӣҶС΢΢һ㶣ʱʱͶᷢһ飬ΪϷ˺ܶ飬鶼ˣҪȻһȥҶġ
ӵĿҶСһۣȻһ䣬ƿİһһ࣬Ӣϵ߶ܳأƽʱ˻ῪЦǽȴû˸ҡ
¿ˣһڿʮӵʱ䣬ҶСоƹʮ꣬ÿһӶǼ尾ΪʱʱǺһĿĿҶСһۣҶС֣׼ҸʱһǸ
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֪ĸ쵰˺еŮһݺݴĵȣҲˡһͬѧ˵
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ڵһŵҶС⼸˶񶾵ԣһƣʦĻڻࡣ
ǲ˺˶ʦҶС֮ʱ˵ղڿϣĲ˶ῴҶСЩᣬЩԹЩĺ⡣
ܿҶСͶ֮һʲô鷢
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𣿡гһĨɫҶСһĪȻתͷ顣
ȻˡҶС˵һ䣬û˵ʲôĬ
ܿڿѾȥˣһڿǻĿΣҶСĽѩ˵һȻ߳˽ңĿΣ춼ûȥˡ
߳ҺҶС粢û߳УţŶİ칫ȥ
칫ǰҶСԥһ£ţһӷڴ˳
ҶС˽ȥȻţȻתʱرΣͷû̧ʵʲô飿
ҶСû˵һ˶
þû˵̧ͷȥǰһӰûУоǹ졣
ʦҵҶСִӺ汧ס˶ᣬʵ


643 
̧ͷûһˣɻ֮ʣʱ͸оԼ屻˱סˣסϵζǳϤʱһһ˹
ҶСһԥ֪òƿҶС磬ҶСԥתȥĶˣѾ˳նϺҶС֮ͷһʱڣԺȫҶСȥĻ棬һ⣬һƬհʲôûС
ʹģ׼¶֮ʱҶСȴǰǸĶԴǿҵķЩԳܣ֪üԵնϡ
Өˮģ˫ۣίˮԼǸŮӣҶСǸˣ˾ӦôһԽԽί⻹ûж೤ʱأ˶ôìܣȥ֪Ҫìܡ
Ϊˣԥ
ʦһεҵĲԣҲӦ뿪Ӧúƽ͵˵ʱҶСٴ˵Ǹ⡣
ŮԵģҶСϵĻҶСͺһ潥бʱǲֳܱԭҶСӣҪҶС֪ŮҪú۵ģŮˣǷǳµһ顣
ҶСſңǻǻָʦϵɣԺҪôǵĶҡ˵仰˵ĻȻʱ仰˵ΪҶС糹׶ϾһйϵŻһҶС磬ԺҪôԴԼ
ĻҶСɫһһͻѵѾ¶ˣҶС˫ĿһѤĹâһʮָӣɫֶͷֲ壬Ҳ֪仰ʵ뷨ˣˣСƢ
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ѵˣԭңҶСЩȻĿһ۶ᣬ룺ڻͷϣǵȹһʱ˵
϶ˣƤֱӱס᲻ţΪʱ˺˶ᣬʱҲʲôľٶȻҲ˵йϵϾʦô˵лôһ˿˿ʦ֮飬ʦĻѧȻܲˣûкƤˣ
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˵ҶСͲ˳ȥҶСһȻӣſڣһֹӣ뺰סҶС粻վȴû˵ڡ
ҶС뿪һʧ䣬ڲѣ֪ӣղŲҶСˣСƢһ룬Ҳãܸ³Ŀǿռ䡣
ȻҶСͬ뿪ˣȴʹ̶࣬ϵǸᡣ
ڴʱĵشصǧ״һռ䣬޽һ¥¥ȫһʵؼӲĺϽ𹹽ɵģƴ֮
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̨ʮķΧڣʮ̨ԣЩΧԲÿ϶һˣ۾һգҲգĶŵĻָɿص
ͻȻ䣬һ󾯱𣬽̨ϣտɫУõĺɫâɵѡ
ɫâ۶ɵѺе˵Ķһŵӡ
ѣôܡһ̨޴ĵԱһͷסɫ۵ʧ˵ŵĶŵԡ
ôᷢ飿һ̣Ŀһ⣬һС飬ǿȣڶС飬ӴųǿȣС飬ֲ
ͷ׵İһϵеɫΪأ˫Щķڵǰļϣʱ׼û
ʱ̨ϵտɫâҫ˼֣ѾѵĺɫȻ˼֣ɫֺסˣѷš
ۿɫҪȫֺסˣеһһ˲䣬ءһƵ̨ҡ˼£տɫâǺɫȫ飬ʧ
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ѵѾʧȥЧӦ
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644 Ѫɷʯڵ
ͷ۵˿̨ϣտɺɫâ۳ʧʱ㶣һŵӣһ£˸ž˫Ŀʱ䣬Ȼޱȡ
ۡһѪҡҡ׹һҪڵϵӡ
²ʿôˣ岻Ҫɣͷ׵һϽסˣԷֹ˵˵ϡ
ˣˣһѪôˡͷ׵૵һܵ˺ܴӡ
²ʿѵپûʲôԲȣߵ˵
ûУڻʲôȫʧѾ޷ȷλˣ޷ٴۡ²ʿ̾˵
²ʿõģγѾϸݣȻ⣬ֻҪЩݻڣں̵ܶʱһȡ²ʿ˵
㲻ĵһ壬ҵĺӣϸ˺ܶѪ;ܶȽ˸ҵϹʱҶϡ²ʿһȻ֮ɫ˵
²ʿ˵ֻҪвϣǾһܹľ塣Ȱ˵
֪Ͷע̫ʣȽ֣Ҿһͷ׵߻˻˵Ȼ뿪͵ԣŲЩģһʧ
Ǹ̨տâкɫʱѪɷʯǸֿڣһŮɢŵİɫ⣬ְɫĺûһ˿ʥിʣǱ䡢ĺ
ŨѪɫڶѪɷʯƮŮڣֻת˼ܺѪɫʧˣˣԼĻͻᷢŮӵ徹ȻõģͶӳһӰӣ֮
ŮƬеŮӣҲǶźꡣ
ӽˣɷ֮ΪŨĵطоػǸڳѪɷʯĵط󣬾;þ״̬ǰδеĺãЩʯͷеȻܹգԺлĪĶͺһй·ߣЩѪɫõתȻΪ˴õ϶Ϊһ
ѪɫоԼ壬ԽԽʵҲûǰƮƮһ쫷ܽɢĸо
²̫˳룬ЩѪرʢƶһֿƵĸоЩʯͷеΪ˶Щˣһöʯͷڣöʯͷ˿˳ȻװľУ͵һֿڡ
˲ֿ֪ԼĻˣڲֿھЩʯͷеֱˮ
ʱĶͷӡһɫһֻСĴָͷһСЩѪɫʱ򣬺ɫͻȻ侹ȻˣõĿгһĨϲ֮ɫ
гֵĨϲ֮ɫûгֶãͱһʹ֮ɫȡͷϵõϺڹʢɫΧһһƳ˸첲һϸӰЩӰ֣Ҫʧˡ
üĴĺɫΧǸⰵ໥Ӧתۼ䣬üĴɺɫ۳ɵϵѷֺУܵ˼ʹࡣ
˫ĿмΪǿҵĳ޹âųûзǼѪɫûգսڣƬ̼ʱ䣬ǰɫõתѪɫ
ұޱȣͬѪеľ飬ΪѪ
оѪɫѾ޷ƵĵزϽͻȻ˰ɫʱڵѪɫȫˣͷϵĺɫڳܲסĳ飬Ȼʧ
ɫʧǽѵЦݣЦݿɭͨ˿¶ܱ
һƮƮģռûһ˿ĺۼߵֿſʱ濴˿һĹͶ䵽ʱһ̴ð
õ嵭˼֣Ͻ뿪ſڵλãվһѪɷʯЩѪɫ˫Ŀĺų
ѧʱſڵĵ·ѾָˣЩĽӡδӣѾ·ӵ޲ˡ
ΪʱΧ̵ܶϰ嶼ʻˣӨҲ⣬ȻӨὲҶС繩ֻ˵Լ˯ʲô֪
ҶСص̫֪ӨĻҶСϽᰴ˸绰½͸˷ᰡ
˵ǻ˵ʵرǿҶСĻ󣬷ǽҶСһ٣ҶС粻һ˵Ϊ·˰ϵʱ䡣
ǻɵҶС磬ҶС绰ʱ򣬲ûᣬҲûлɡ
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źһʤƣСԽȥ
㶣ϸֳĨ΢죬ĿҶСƬȻ󿪳ȥ뿪ʱ¶Цݡ
ҶСʫҵķʱѦæΪһγԷʱ׼ʬһǰһػڷ긽
СˡҶС磬ѦЦ˵һ䣬Сѩʫʫ棬ڻ⡣
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Ľѩͺʫٶȷǳ죬Ŀ⻹ʱʱԷľӣ˵ӣҶС˼֣ǿ໥Ƚϣ˭ٶȼȷָߡ


650 ͬ
ڵٶȿǺʫһЩҶСʫĴһˣĿ⡣
ˣۡԼʮӵʱĽѩ⣬һ˵ӣֽѵζŤͷĿͶ˺ʫʱʫҲˡ
ʫʲôʱģʫѾڼԼȥ⣬Ľѩʵ
ꡣʫǳǳһЦ˵
úĲ಻Ǻܴ󣬲һ׷ٶȣȻ׷һĽѩ˵ȻĿͶҶС磬ӣҶС˭Ŀ죬̵ӡ
ðҲڴһ֡ڴϵҶСЦЦ˵ʵٶȵĻʫܱĽѩӣһʱԵķŻٶȣΪ˲ʹĽѩѿ
ϾͿԿԺĽѩͬʫͬôǾԲᳳġ
ʫԸͣȻʲô£ĽѩǸӲŮӣֻҪĶãҲܡ
ҶСĻĽѩҶСһۣӶСȭ˵һġ
αأǺǳһҶСЦЦ˵ӮңʵܺðģֻҪٶȷһ㣬Ϳԡ
Ҫƾҵʵʵ㡣ҶСᶨ˵˶ʵô
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ðɣҶС˵ͷ˵⼸ΪǵİȫҶСǳȥ䣬ϣ컹˵һ㣬ֻ˺ܶ࣬ǲҴĵȥԸĽѩŮӡ
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ĽѩĻҶС˵ͷӦȥɳ˰бŮӡ
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£ģǻעԼİȫġĽѩЩ΢΢ͷ˵ҵҶСһۡ
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ǽʰ֮ĽѩҶСû˵ڴϣ˹ȥϹЦݵʵôˣǲҲȥ֣
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ﻹܲףҶСƭˣʱҶСĿҶС磬㣬㾹ȻƭңҴ㣬㣬ƭҡ
ĽѩӶȭҶСš
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˵ţ˽ҶСĻ˾Өˮ
ޣޣ粻𣿡ҶСС²һˮȻС˽ȥ˷š
ʱͯմɳһϲͼСڵԵʣֻҪѹĵףñ¶
裬Ҹղž͸˵һǴˣ㻹ţ˰ɣСѾˣŤͷͯ˵Щ⡣


651 ͯ
㡣ҶСһǸ⣬ʱΪѧأûȥͯҲȷʵ
ͯһǳɫë֯ףɫĶȹһ˫ȱӺĺɫ˿ţұ˼µջ
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ҶСĻСһ˿Ĺâͷ˵粻С£ġ
˵꣬Сͣһӡ
£˵ͻԼȥСµĻͯ˵Ȼװģ¶ĺξ˵һС
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طȥͯ˵һʮӡ
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ˣ㣬ֻǸСӡҶСС˵źû
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ţһġҶС˵ͷ
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Ǹ飬ź궼֪һЩһ˳ϣܹ֪ǸһʲôĴڣǵĿʲôȻץʱĽѩŮӵİȫҲ֮أΪ飬Ůܵʲô˺
ŸսҺãŮǱ߳⣬ˣеĸСʱûмˣĸ鰡ôϵϵҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬲ܶġ


652 й
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ҶСͷӦͯҶСͳ˷СͯĿ⣬ҶС绹Ťͷ뿪Ͼ绹Ҫ뿪ģĻеʱ䣬ĽѩͺʫѾˣܵŮӵİȫ⡣
ʱѾߵˣѾˣӰأҶСչαƽСɳ۶ȥ¥Ϻ󣬿ţûˣȻһţѵǳʲôˣ
׼ϵʱҶСͻȻ뵽˺ʫʱֵʱ򣬲룬ǿ϶ȥ˷æ룬ҶС򿪷˽ȥ
ȥģһ뵽֮ͯϿ϶ζҪ֪Ů˶Ů˵ζΪУһȥͻᱻų
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ҶСУӦڼүүû뵽ʱȻˡ
ûڼүүҶС˹ȥʵ
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ӨһӨͻصңҶСɳ׼˯ʱĽѩϴԡ
ͻȻ䣬Ľѩ˳С磬ǲǰڵĵƹصˣߡ
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Ŷ˯ˡҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ
һڴĽѩġ
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ѩôˣҶС罫Ľѩ˻Уʵ
ʱӨŮӶڣĽѩ壬ӨϽȥһԡۣݸҶС磬ҶС罫ԡ۽Ľѩ
ҸղſˡҶСԡ۽ĽѩĽѩرҶС˵
㿴ʲôˣҶСɻĿĽѩʵŤͷ˿ܣʲôûз֣ҶСһͻȻĽѩ˵ˣô϶ǿʲôˣҪȻҲͲᱻŵûʧɫһҰס
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ĽѩĻҶС罫ĿͶ澵ӣ󿴿ҿʲôûпȴеۼ
ղĽѩȷʵʲô
ˣѩ룬һҡҶС˵Ȼʾ⣬ŮӽĽ˷䡣


653 ץס
Ө˽ĽѩҶС˫ĿбųѤĹâֹâܹ͸һУʱеĶ˫֮¶ѭС
ԼұҶС絭˵⣬ڵ¶½߰˶ȣˮ˲ʧСˮ顣
ӸղĽѩУѾȷֻǶźľ壬Թ۶ɵģôıĺǿΪ˿ûнųȥ˶Թޣǰˡ
𣿡ҶС綢ϴԡǽϹŵĴ˵ǹҳһ˿Ц
ҶСĻ䣬гȥҶСӰ⣬һӰӣǶźӰӣͷɢϹѪ飬ֲޱȡ
Ƕźɣܲ˵һ£ΪʲôӣŶź˿־ӰӣҶС絭ʵ
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ΪʲôҪ㣿ҶСµķһ䡣
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˺⣬Ȼ᲻ң֡ź˵ĿЩ棬ǺĿȥǱž޴ǿҵĺ⣬ҶСʲôⲻԩһ㡣
˵ǰǸˣû뵽񲻹ǱʹĿ档ҶСĿ֮ɫ˵
˱˵ˣΪǰ̫˲ű裬ѾǰǸ޸֮ĶźˣҪԼķʽɱеĻˡźк졣
òƸûκεԩΪʲôҪǣҶСʵ̽ź껹ûоȣ˼Ѿƫ˼£ôľ壬ҶСҲģһ˿ıܣôҶС粻˵
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Ҳû׼ǼŮӳ֣׼֣Ϊûп¹ޣһֻŲȶֻļһҽһҪɱ㣬ǼŮӡź˵
ϣӰһ˳ҶСüĳȥ
յҶСüǰһ֮źľҽһõ֮ǰˣӲʵˣܵ˼˺
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ĺһӨĸŮӶ˽Ľѩ԰׵ÿ˺ܶ࣬𾪵ĿŹĻŮӵӰӣ˿ϳŮ˭
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Ȼˣôھɱ㡣ҶСǲ֪ôȻвң
йâһѤĹ⻪תͣǵĻбѤĹâź꾫˺ܹܶ࣬ľҶСѤĹâš
ŹҰɣоԼԽԽʱҪɢźǿ־壬֪ȻܹԼ⵱Ȼˡ
ҶСûĻһľʱס֣ҿԷŹ㣬˵һЩ
ţţһ˵һеġźľСһ˵ͷ
õģ㣬ôתӣҶСضŶź꣬Ҫźǲ˵ѡ
ҺǱӣ˵ʱ򣬸оԼƮƮģ֪ƮҲ֪Ư˶ãʱҾͳһڣǸҲùâ۳ɵģҸͲܳȥ
ǰǺܶŹֵϣǸҼ飬Ҳ֪ҪҼʲôǾͷңһκľͳ˵棬Ϊٴλ˹ǺԴкͻȻʲôһ㣬ЩУ֪ʱҵ״ֻ̬Ǿ壬õģͲʵġ˵Ŀһ˿֮ɫ
ֱ̬ͬǹ»Ұһ㣬Ʈڳ
Ȼ״̬лЩмΪһټź꾫¶һ˿˲Ŀк죬Ϊһܿģȴһܡ


654 šźꡯ뿪
Ȼң˾ȻңһǮˣǷµǮ˵źбųǿҵĺ⡣
ɱα˵ǸǮϰ塣ź޺޵˵һǿԹϴԡڣŮӶԼԹ
ź꾫ĻҶСľɱ˵Ĺ̡
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Ǿ壬ڴ濨дţڴ濨еĴһסҡź˵
źĻҶС˼΢΢һǸˣһ˴ģǶź壬綼һƬֻ֮У˿ĶҪȻǲ
ҵǸ˵ڻкܶı׶ˣǸĽһһľ塣ź˵
֪һҶСضŶźꡣ
Ӧþĳһĵ£úҵĻӦû֣ᷢϾµǸռʵ̫ˡ
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ðɣҿԷ㣬֪㻹ˣһңûôõˣһ㡣ҶС˵
ллһ᲻ٺˡźϽ˵
áҶС˵йâŶź꾫ĹâڣõӰʧ˿УҶСܹ⣬˶
ллź˵һΪһʧˣΪЩ⣬ûпˣû뵽ҶСֱӵĿ˼ֻĳ֣Щʯͷյͱˡ
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ð·Ҳ̳֣Ŀǰֻܺͨĸ࿹սӦ
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ҶСĻĽѩ˵ȻҲ֪˵ƿʲôҾòôķǲеģǿһֻҪƽȥΪͻ˳Ȼ˵һͷΪͻˡ
Ϊôͻƣ˯һͻƣǺǡҶСЦЦ˵
ȻΪͻǺѣղĽѩ˵ĻҲе˳Ȼƽȥÿ챣ƽ͵ģĻʲôܿ졣
лл㣬ѩִ̫ˡҶСЦЦ˵Ľѩøˡ
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׼һ·޵ģǴϣͲ㣬һ룬Щ˲鷳ѾллˣԼǼ¼оǲɵ
˵Ĳŭ˶ԷԷɳʮ쾳ĸ֣赲ԼܹѣߵǼŮأ⣬ڵǣ̫ˣ֮ܶһ仰ʵ


660 İ
ͷ޷ֱҶСĽѩһ绰ĽѩߺʫͶȣǼŮڶȫˣʱԻؼȥˡ
ڷ˵ĻҶСŲɣղڷ˵ʱûиоԷҲԶԷԸǶȻƭԼġ
ǻҪԼ֣綼ˣֻ龪һҶС΢΢̾һŷ᰼ȥ
ԼʮӺҶСͳ˷᰼ſڣ壬һŲ𣬷ֱӴš
Ļ죿ҶС磬᰺˵ɣ
ӳ룬ôܲأҶСЦЦ˵ղſŵʱôèпһ£һ㰲ȫʶûл㵱أ
У˭鷳ֱǲˣû¿ɸɣץһǲһ¼į˵
ҶС˵ͷ˵ĲĸСëҵףֱǵ졣
ڿʲôҶСһ߽ʹԼķ䣬ɻʵ
ķϿͦ룬֪ǲϴ壬ҲŪøһ㡣ҶСЦĴſ˵
ҶСĻһ죬ϴεʱҶСʰңû뵽ݵһȫҶС翴ˣͬԸСҲĻСӿˡ
ҿƤҪȻ굽ضȥ뵽ԼǷĺܺ
ҵرɾҪǲţȥᰰҶСһ˵
϶ʰˡҶСЦ˵˫Ŀ˸ž⣬һ͸˷ᰵӡ
ұͺģ첻Ǹ⡣᰷һ䣬ǸŮӲϣ˿롢ڿ졢ͻݣȻᰵԸЩҰ˵ףҲŮӡ
ԸˡҶСЦЦ߽˷ᰵңһΣķ䣬쳣룬ϼһ嶼ûУͷһ㳾ûУֱ֪ҶСҶרŴɨһ
û뵽㻹ͦģҸ˵һСʱǰҾҲҶС翴ŷ˵
˵£ᰲ˼ЦЦԾɲϣҵķ䱾ͺܸϽģʱֻ΢ʰһ¡
𣿡ҶСЦ⣬ؿŷᰣᰵһ˿ĻңĿǲƳһԿǽڵ³
룬϶ǰЩԺ·ȫ³ڡ
ġ᰼ᶨ˵
ҶСû˵ʲôװ鿴ӣߵ³ǰ棬³Ȼ·ȷʵҶţûе
ҶС̾һ䣬·ôҪ룬ҪȻ·Σʧȥԭӡ
㡭ҶС磬˭ҷҵĶˣԼܱ¶ˣᰵҶСʵ
ôҴˣ߳ŭˣҶСЦʵ
㡭߳ŭˣô룬ôţ˵һ䣬Ȼ󣬴˹³ϣݺݵĵҶСۣȻҶСƣƳ˷䡣
κнûڿ㡣ҶСЦЦ˵
ҶС磬㲻˵ǲǾͻˣɫһ죬ҶС˵
ҶСЦЦû˵֪ѾˣҪ˵ȥѱᰲᷢ쭣ϾŮӵǺǿģʱЩ΢΢ĺڣڲýᰵһ¶
£ˮԼãҸȥ˷ȶһԼɫ˵Ȼ߽˳
һˣӲ˵ɫζǲҶСЩ⣬ǵϴεʱķķ棬Ȼһȴζ÷ᰵı仯ܴ
κ󣬷һĵˣķ棬ط滹ԣûһһζƮ
ҶС糢һڣԭ֭ԭζģûκεĶĵˣƷһ£ζȷʵ
ôõգϴôַĪǹģԷҶСЦʵ
ҶСĻᰲ˼ЦЦЩ˶ҴģҲ
ҶСһԭˣΪᰱˣͻȻһĳʦԭô¡
ĳս˺ܶ࣬ٱϴķóԶˣòͳɣҶС翴ŷֻԲ˲Էķʵ
Ҳÿ춼ԣʵǺæʱҲųԡ˵ŷˣ˵ĻЩ壬Էӣ֪˶ķ档
ԺٳԷȽϺãҪȻӪʱ׷ͽʱεô졣ҶСĵ˵Ȼⴿ֮Ĺġ
ллӵĿҶСһۡ
塣ҶС׼˵ʱһ
᰷¿ӣ˹ȥţ㣿Щ⣬Щ䡣
ʲôᰵܱ䡣
ҶСŤͷȥֻһͨзİվ⣬ӣҶСĿһһâҫ


661 
ߣҶСû뵽İӻһߣȫɢʣɢŵӫԵƤԿһ쾳ߣΪǲ
ᰣûмû뵽㶼ôˡİӿŷ˵ǳ谮֮ɫ
ңֲܹеġ˵ʲô£ûеĻ뿪
ᰣİӽзΪᰣҶСЦ֪᰾Ȼ֣ҶСϸȥ֣İӵüëͷᰵĸƣѵãҶС
ͷᰶʶôã֪᰻ˣǵǰʹֻ˵һ䣬ˣҶСپûʹ
ᰣвϣҶĸ磬ѵҽȥһܷжô䵭İӣ˿ûӣʼһƵı顣
󣬷ԥһȻ˽ԭλãӣŷˣͲİӡ
İӹţȻ˹ɳϣλþһ֮ԶҲǺ·
ԭǷᰵĸ磬ֲóô֮䵽׷ʲô飬ôŪøһģһҶСЩ档
һͨľ죬ĸȴһߣЩ⡣
һҶСɣᰵĸ磬衣İЦЦһº͵ӣҶС˵
ǣǱᰵĺѡҶС˵һ֡
ΪԷ̽һԼȻԷ֪֣ôԷԼȻһ飬֪ԼֲڶԷ֪֪ԼߣͲö֪ˣֻҶСû뵽ǣԷûа֮̽⣬ֻԵһ֡
˵һѧû뵽㾹ȻܺᰳΪѣ˺⡣迴ҶС˵
С磿ʱڳԷķͻȻ˿üͷ˵ǲӡ
֪ģ»˰ƭˣԡǸǸ˵
ѵ֪ߵ֪Ϊⲿе㣬Ҫһ˵ĵϸǺ׵һ£ְȨ˵˽Խ˵ᰵɫԽѿ
ԭǹⲿеˣֲһߣᰵĻҶСһȻ
ᰣ´һˣҲΪãΨһãѵҿ㱻ƭ˵
ƭҲĸԸƺǶ˵㻹ʲôûеĻ߰ɣҺС绹ҪԷأҳԲȥ
㡭ᰣòã֪ǰǼĲԣʱ⣬벻ҪȻô᲻أдһ˿Σһ˿Ρ
жôæѵ㶼Ը𣿲ǸⲿŵԱ𣿴˴ְ˱ǣԼҪԽ˵Խ
ʲô飬Ͳƽ͵̸𣿷ҪֵġʱڷߵҶСȰ˵
ĸĪ飬ʲôʱǷƶ׵˶᲻᲻ߣѿܻΪƶԶҲܻΪ뿪Ψһֻ顣
С磬Щǲ׵ģҺ֮飬ͲҪˡЩĿҶС硣
ȻΪʲô£µǼΪΣյ飬˵͹ˣѵҪʧȥ˺󣬲ź𣿡ҶСٴȰ˵
֮ʲôⲻìܣο׵á
ҶСĻᰳĬ֪ҶС˵ĺеǸβ˺ͽ⣬Ҫʱ䡣
ĺܺãҲˣС磬Һúչᰣʲô飬ԸҴ绰費÷ΪѾ׼뿪վҶСһſƬƬֻ룬Ȼ߳˷᰼ҡ
ߺ󣬷ᰲ̧ͷ˿ſڵλãܸӣҪܹ⣬ԼĿǰǹԼĸǽ
ֵ׷ʲô飿ôôҶС翴ŷʵ
һԥǸҶСľԭᰵĸĸ񾯲죬ںСʱĸĸѳְͷǵһִġ
ʿĺչˣȽϴʮбҵ󣬾ͱˣ˲ӣڲΪͻ¼õⲿŵԤӣԾѵʵⲿš
ʱʮˣϳУǵԴ𣬿˸оԼ岻ˣһ棬궼ûмˣܹ
᰸绰÷ǣÿη趼˵Լæʵûʱ䣬˴ź뿪ɴˣҲ˷裬˶˴ģȻ
̶ҪˣԼĸ羹ȻԼź˭ŭġ
˵񣬷軹ûл÷ᰶԷˣԺûٽйһ硣


662 
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ϾҵһУõ˶٣Ҳʧȥ٣жõ˹ҵȴ˵Ĳ⣬˭Ҳûа취顣
ҶС磬˵ԭ𣿡ҶС署󣬷᰿ҶС˵ʱķ᰸һľ죬һλϵڼСŮʹ
Էᰵ⣬ҶС͹۵Ĵһ££ǸǶȥȷʵǲԭµģϾʣһˣ˵ԸҪʵ֣źȥվĽǶȿǣûдΪǹⲿŵˣⶼҪܹҵǲǶȥ˼⣬˵̿ҪʱҪһ棬׷һ׼Ĵͽ˵ǸʱǻؼһǼ׷
㲻Ҫ˵ؼңȻŮ˶ǸԵģٸԣҲԲ̶ֳȣһȰͽץסȻٻؼңıģǸʱҲ飬ֻǣһжɼûϵǻȥˣп϶ŨŨĻں޺ʹǸʱҪʹǧ򱶣Ը϶߳Է̰ɣҶС˵
û˵ҶС֪Լ²һжȷġ
Ĭһᣬɫӵ˵˵ЩҶ֪һԭ²
ȳź˵ȻؽܣʱıһеġҶС翴ŷ˵
û˵룬ƺ˼ʲôһ󣬷᰻ָ˹ϹҳЦݣеķ¶ʧһ㡣
ϽԷٲԣˡ˵˵꣬Ӿͳ˼ڣҶС΢΢ҡҡͷֻ֪ǽʹУʼնҪԼȥ룬˰ﲻʲô
㲻ôԷٲСһȫѷˡڴڴڡûһŮķᰳŷʱҶС绹ûжӱ˵
˭˵Ҳ㿴ǸԷҶӵķ𣿡ҶС˵˵󣬺ͷżеķˡ
ҶСһʱ䣬ѾһʮˣжʮӾϿˣҶСϽͷ᰸ѧУȥ绹ſҪһһӢ
ҶСҴȥӰгһĨ֮ɫ
ҶСѧУʱ̤ңʱʦѾˣԾȥٵҶС磬ʦֻǿһۣȻͷǷԾҪѧԾȻҪǰһݣҪȻʱĵʱ򣬾ͻر
ҶСصλϣʱԾѾˣȲΪղžʱִѾߵѡ⡣
뿼ԽӵʱѾΪҶС練˲֪жٱ飬ȷȫûʱ򣬲ûټ顣
ʦҶСѾˣվߵҶСλǰԾˣҶСԾԼԾգһ߶һ߲סĵͷ
֮ҶСͻȻоЩ΢ʹŤͷһֻĽѩһֻԶǦʣԸղĽѩԶǦһ£ѧУԵʡ
ҶСЦЦû˵¿κ󣬽۷׷ףеѧſ⣬ûпˣôô
ҶСΧȴû̸Ե飬ǶĺܺãҶСһĸͬѧŤͷ͵ڶŵͬѧţĽѩʹĵĺܻȣ϶ĽѩŴһЩ顣
תۼ䣬Ӣ￪ˣһӵĶᱧһԾ˽ûм䣬ҶСЩۡ
˽ƳҶСһۣȻԾֳ˰˷ݣֱݸǰŵİλͬѧǽԾ󴫣ݸҶСʱҶС粻ۼһ֣˼۾
ӵĿһҶС磬Ȼص˽̨ϣһαıΡ
Ӣʵѣ޷ǾǵʵĻۺ;ͣЩҶС˵һѶȶûУļͺãټľ쳣ǿѾﵽ˹Ŀľ硣
ƽʱľֻͣҪһ飬Ͼȫˣڵʣɨһɨ裬ֱӴԺУȵõʱԻ֡
СʱĴҶСʮӾȫˣʱ򣬴ûꡣ
żһ飬ûʲô⣬֧°ͣĿתĿŶᣬһԵĴȻ״˿ˣϸü΢΢һ壬û˵ʲôԾ
ڱεĶ쵽˿˳Ŀ⿴ȥҶС磬ֱˣΡ
᲻ҶСһƣͻȻֺһóֻᷢһš
ʦ㻹𣿱˺òãϴҲԣдҼƽϣԭҡ
ŷȥҶСܹȷֻ𶯵
ڸʲôѵͶʦ飿ҶСֻ𶯣¶Ц֮£һر͵˹


663 Ů˵ĺݶ
ҶСϵЦݱ˿ЦǴġ
аֻͶʦЦҶСŤͷ˵
ֻͶʦЦҸղſ۾һգգĶŶʦһɻӿҶС磬΢΢¶һĨЦ⣬ע⿴ĻͿ
ڿУĸо໥ŶԷĿЩͬͲѧʦʦѧƽĿ⣬һ־֮Ŀ⣬˵ĹϵҲЩ²⣬ǸղŵһĻѾܹȷҶСͶ֮һʲôϵ
𣿿ղſˣҸղڷҶС˵Ͳϣ鵱Ȼܹˣ˵⣬ǾԲõ֪ġ
ҶСͲϣҲû˵ʲôһϲ׷״˽ˣЩֻҪԼ׾УûбҪ˵
ǰɣ˵һ䣬ȻͷԼԾ
˴һʱ䣬ҶС½ĿͶ˶ᣬĵѵĿʲô
ʱҶС翴ֻͣص㶯ţֻ̧ͷҶСһۣģдһ˿Ľ֮⣬ͷдŽ̰
ֻ𶯵ҶСһǶᷢ͹Ķţʱ䲻Ҫģ㣬ʲô飬¿κ̸
仰ҶСһôỹ̸ĻᣬҪǲᣬ˵ԺҲˣֻͨʦϵ
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ڣ¿ˣ̧ͷһ֫ȻվͬѧȡԾӢ￼꣬һڿΣڿɸϰʱ䣬Ҳ˵ԼŹλյĲͿһڿиϰ
ᱧԾ߳ȥԼӵʱҶСҲ˳ȥȻܺͶһ뿪ҪȻһЩ˵Ļɡ
İ칫ſںûţֱ˽ȥû뵽ǻǸɫħҲڡ
ʦϣܹ̺ܽǰҶСͬѧҪȻһڽʦ£еʦһС˵ƺЩ֮⡣
ŽŤͷһҶС磬ڼҶС磬ĿʦؿüɣһжİζʦΣ㲻Ķʦ͹ԹԵĸȫУͬѧǰǸҪȻƣ㣬ͬĶʦҲܵ֡
˵ţǳЦ⡣
һϵʱ䣬ҪĴ𰸡ݺݵЦһ£Ȼ󣬾׼߳칫ҡ
ҶСһᣬ赲ǰ˫Ŀбų⣬вң
вôˣÿסҵȥ·Щм˵˫־׼ᵲǰҶСƿȻ뿪
ҶС壬һӲʯƲʹ˳̵
ҶС磬ʲôɫʵͲҶС綯֣ҶСǸǶİ칫ңҶСһ֣ؿҶСһˣʱѧУҶС磬Ȼڻ¡
˵ʲôҶС˵Ŀâֱ̽˻˫ĿУһ̽һס˻Ĳӣһᣬ˿С
Ȼ˵һΪʦΪͲʦֱЩ컹Ҫ޳ܣҪûʣҪΪЩϵѧУͲҪˡ
ȻһʦӶ񣬴ΪѧôѧҲûбҪһʦҲûʲô
ҶС硭㡭㡭ҪʲôʦҶСŲӣ˫ҵţɫǺޱȣǿ־֮ɫ
˵ҪʲôȻвңʦҶС˵ֵ¸ˡ
С磬ɣô˵ҲǸʦʱȰ˵ҶСֳ
ᰵĻҶСȻûз֣ȵ˻ɫɫɿ֡
ҶСɿ󣬻ûйͷһ㣬һ˵棬ڴڵĴ𣬸ղ׵ᵽĸо
һָ˹վĿǼɵ֮ɫĿҶСһۣ˵ҶС磬ˣ㾹ȻҶʦ֣ѧУжãһʦ֣ʾͲͬˣһᱻģʦղŵ飬Ѿ˰ɣ˵ѧ𣿡
ղŷʲô£һ㶼ֻ֪֪ڵͷΣû뵽㾹ȻǿнҲҺҶСͬѧʹϵҪȻ롣ᵭ˵
ҶС㶣û뵽ᾹȻΪԼ˵
Ů˾Ůˣݶ˺ݶֹϰٱҶС仰ȷʵݣҽҶСֵ˵ȥôͻ᲻˼һУ֤֤ҶС޹ģĶˡ
㡭ᡭܺãû뵽㾹Ȼ˵Ļȷʵݡ˵˿ҶСֿ˿ᣬĿ˸һ⣬ˣŮ϶Ѿһˣܺãܺãơ
ŭ˵һ䣬ȻˤŶ


664 õԭ
лл㣬ʦҶСǸм֮ɫ˵
ʦѧУصΥ󣬲ѧٺãҲҪѧУǴ򿪳Ҳҿж˵˸ղֻҪȻԻԸһὫ¸ѧУ˵ıὫҶС翪
Ȼ˵ҶС粻ںô˵ˡ
лҲԸ⿴㱻ѧУ֡ᵭ˵˶٣С磬Ժע㣬ʦԶ֣ûǸʸʦӦö֡
ǣʦģԺҲٶˡĻҶС̬ȳϿҵ˵
ʲô飿ᵭĿҶС
ʲô飬ѵ֪𣿡ҶСЦ⣬һ䣬ĿзӨӨԶŶᡣ
ҶС翴ЩȻỹǵ˵֪ʲô¾˵ɣҪұΣһᣬ㻹Ҫϰȥ
仰ҶСЦΪ仰رϤǵǰõʱ򣬷ᰶԴ̬ȣҲôһ仰֮ĹϵҶСͷȴŮϵ
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ģַɣҺܲϰߡ΢΢ü˵
֪ûҵҾͷ㡣ҶСˣ
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Ǻãһ£ûͲġ˵꣬ҶСǽ۵ĺ촽ȥ
һ˿ң׼ԴҶС˫̶ֹģû취ֻҶС
ʵĶҲҶСԤ֮УŮóıαװԼͿķǣȻ˵ԭԼȴԹǻȻʱûнҴ˫סӣĿҲΪһ̡
ĺ촽塢һ˿˿˿ζ̿ೢ
ҶСǽĺ촽ʱ⣬һҵʹд붼֪Ƕҧһڡ
Ϊٸߣͷֿǻڵ֣ûлıһҧˡ
ܷӦ֮£˵촽ֿˣ˿˿ѪҶСͷð˳Ⱦ촽װһʹ˵㻹ġ
ҶСǱѪȾ˵촽˵ۣܺڸղҧҶСһڣҧҶСһں󣬺жҶСԹҲ֮ʧ
Ȼк̣ܲΪһŮˣҲΪҶСʦȻܷȻӲ˵ңҪڸңһҾͻὫͷҧ
𣿡ҶСдЦʵһתϵ˿ȫϣһ󣬻ϾȬˡ
ȻģĻм٣ʱ䲻ˣϽȥϰȥҶСȵĿ⣬ĿЩ㡣
ԣûôġҶС˵Ȼס˶ᣬһȥͬʱ˫Ҳʵ
Ϊ＾˴ĲôҶС˺ôŽ˶ڣʱûҧҶС⡣
Ů˶ӲĶȻղ˵ģҪȴôҲݲұֻ֤ҪһҧȥҶСͻȥ
ضʧҶСȵУ˫Ŀ룬ɫһƬ죬ҶСѳֲסԼĽʱһ˿ĽҶСƿϽƤվܵһߣԼ·
ҶСһƣյ˹ؼʱ̣û뵽ȴһƿˣʱѪӿ֮
ҡ첻УǸˣɣóҶСƣ˵
˵ŮھǰǿҵôһӾ˹ҶС翴һεĶᣬƵʵ
ô֪ϽϰȥݺݵصҶСһ˵
ðɣ⼸ע壬ĶҶСĵ˵֪ѾˣҲͷĵ뿪ˡ
һȫЩ˼룬ңҲùҶСȥıӰ˵
ԭĴûղŶƭҶСģʵ֮ԲҶС緢ֹϵ̶ܴ϶Ϊ뽫˵ĸϵΪһ̸


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ҶСصҵʱѾʼϰˣûʦǽȻû˵ǼӰ𣬼ÿ˶ܴæİԼļƻ⣬ûʱȥͱ졣
ҶС߽ʱֻ̧ͷ˿Ȼ⣬ĽѩݺݵҶСһۣҶС粻úѧϰֻ֪ܡ
ҶСӴ߹ȥʱڼϰĴüû˵ʲô
ڿϣҶСһѧ󣬾Ϳʼ־ڿҪ¿ʱ˵һ仰жʦϵζ֮Ĺϵǲһ㡣
ҶСûзװĿ飬ûӣ뷴һ£òƸԷֻҪԳĬװͿ档
û׷ʵ˼ҶСһ
Ϊǻ˸ûжҶСֱͷ˵ǼŮʱǰȫģѧǸԻ˸Եļҡ
ҶСĽѩȥӨ꣬ǺӨѾˣǲȥĻЩͻ˷ѵοζҪӨһк
ҶС׼úʫͶȾԸȻһߣ˹ûֱͣӻؼˡ
ʱѪڣֻˣӨɻʵôȺʫ
ȻȥˣҺѩҲ׼ȥҶСһ˿Ǹ˵
Ө˵ͷ˫ĿеЩȻȻ˵ҶСĽѩһͬմεģкܲÿܹҶС磬ܿҶСԼķˡ
ҶСҪϻȥϾҲҶСˣвЩ΢ۣȻһʱ䲻ѾΪһϰߣϰµġ
Ѿ÷ˣһȥԸҲ١ӨǿһЦ˵
ҶСĽѩ˵ͷǴӦӨŹرˣȻҶС硢ĽѩѪȥ
Ѫǲ׼ȥˣϾԼĶͷϴһԷнҶСӨǿҪ£ȥ
ٷպܳأΪҶСĽѩҪ뿪ӨĻ˺ܶ࣬ѪȻƽʱϲҶС翪ЦһԷ붼û˻Ҳǳ٣һٷ϶Ľѩһ˵
˸Өһк뿪ˣĽѩѪһ뿪Ѫ˵ԼЩ飬һЩʱߣȻֻǽڣɲ뵱һݡ
ղӨ㣬ܲġ˴Լʮ׵ľ룬ĽѩͻȻ˵רעĿҶС硣
ţȷʵģÿ˶¹¶һߣʣһˣп϶ܡҶС̾һ˵
ĽѩƺЩĿҶСһۣȴû˵ʲô
߰ɣǵȥҶСЦЦӵĽѩСǰȥ
˸ʮ׺һΪɲһɫܳͣǰλεĴյĽѩЩ۾ҶСûһ£˳ϵˡ
һһŷɧʱеòŮӣŮһСš
ҶСϤǴκٰѺȥԭ붼֪ղһǳԭȻ󿪳רͣǰ
β갡û뵽ܹ㡣ʱԭ˳һЦĿҶС磬ͬʱĿͶһԵĽѩĽѩʱгһĨ⣬ͺһ㡣
ǺɣҲû뵽㣬û뵽㻹Ůӣ㻹ͦҶСЦЦһĨ˼Ѿȷˣôˣ׼ȥ׷ҿ㻹ְɣǲϲġ
ҶСĻԭĿһɫЩÿ˲ͽѹĵףĽѩһۣȻĿͶҶС磬㲻Ҳͦ𣿼ȻѣΪﹴôƯѧãѵͲҸ绰˵£
ҶС磬ԭΪĲˬеŮ˾ȻҶСŮѣ߶һŮˣҶСߵŮӱߵĲ֪Ҫöٱ˵ҶСߵŮ·ôϵŮӾǸãģǺ֬оҪľжġ
ẫʱˣߵŮ˶һȣＫƽԽҶСԽǲ˳ۣǳļʣĲƽ⣬ΪʲôôǮҵŮ˶ǸĶҶС磬ʱΪʲôأ벻ͨΪ벻ͨ
ԭĻһԵĽѩˣһ׵ĶɣӾ֪ʲôöҿ㲻Ը⣬òȻᱻ̣ˣĽѩ
ղԷ˵ҶСǺѣкܲǸСһ㡣
˵һ㣿ҶС絭һЦ˵οҺǸŮӹֺҵ飬ûκεĹϵ
㡭ܺãҪѽ¸֪ǸʲôˡԭΪߵ˵


666 Ľѩ
ðôΪ¸ͻ࿴Ҷѡ㣿Ļֻ㡣ҶС粻м˵
ҶС仰˵꣬ߵĽѩšһ£֪ҶСר˵ģлЩ΢΢ĲŮӵԣκŮӶԼԼǰŮˣòĵŮӡ
ҶСŤͷĽѩǸһЦֻרԭģĽѩĵҶСһۣȻıҶСĸ첲һС˵ӡ
ҶСĽѩôǵӣԭ˵ߣĿôҶ˺
㣬Ǻǣʲôʸ£ֲ㣬۹⾹ȻôҶСƳһڳϹ·͵ԸеŮӣвмŹκܹԭĻᡣ
߰ɣ˵ҶСŶĽѩ˵һȻƹܳ׼ǰȥ
ţղҾһ֮ԭᵵҶСǰ˵ҶСղ˵Ǿ仰̫۸ˣΪɫŮôңֶһץһѣߵŮӱߵŮӳƯҲûʲô˵ģϵһأˬᣬ˵ǸϹ򻹲أＫΪƽ
ôҶС絭˵ûаѳԭ
ôߣΪҵǸٰߵŮ£ĻһһҪȻ֪ôġԭݺݵ˵Ŀ̰֮ɫĿĽѩ
С磬Һúýѵһ٣ȻҴҵע⣬̫ˡĽѩҶСߵ˵ӶСȭ޲Լȥѳԭ£ڶʵ˵һԭʹǸҲӦˣΪﵨӺûʵսԵʡ
ģһѵģͷʱҲԼ֡ҶСЦЦ˵
ԭ磬ĸŮ˸ʲôأѵ˼һĸûŮԭ磬һġϵŮһԭ˵ҪҶС罫ĽѩϽӳǵıųԭ˵ΪܹĻҶСһθȫһ㼦Ƥ
˵꣬ŮӽĿͶĽѩĿǼʡ
ϳȥҵòܡŮֵ˹ͷԭһ˿ûмĽѩǰᱻŮӹȥ˻꣬ȻܲˣڳһΣǣԽŮӣԽǾǸطÿ
ԭ˵һ£֪ԭԸŮӣʵĻص˳ϣĽѩĿǺݶ֮ɫƺ޲Ľѩʱݡ
ʸңҶС粻м˵ƳһۣԭܳһɫСγ
ûʸһ֪ԭ¶ݺݵЦݡ
ƾеڣҶСϹҳһ˿ζЦݣĿдϷ֮ɫĿųԭ
㡭ô֪ģԭȵĿҶС磬Ҫ֪ıһھʮ֮ĵطʱҶСһ۾ͿھıڣеȻˡ
ʹ֪ôһı䲻˽֡ԭ˵һƣɫСγĳ򿪣һ信Ӵӳϼ˹վڳԭ
ҶС磬ٸһλᣬҪȻ㶪ʧ档ԭٴ˵ﲻڴ·ϣͶˣҶСĥߴڴ·ϲ־ͲݣȻ˵ڹؽȥ鷳ȴٲˣпܱԼӽѵһ١
ĥĥ治ˣҪֵĻϽϣþûлˡҶСһһֱֻ۵󣬶ԸЩˣûжֵֻıҪ
ãȻҾͳȫ㡣ԭ˵ǼҰϵƫƧĵطݺһ٣ֻҪһôĥŮĸ
˵꣬ԺĿȫͶĽѩϣҶСֱӱˣҶСжܴùĸڲɡ
ԭĻıڣĿбų˾⣬ֽҶС֫ץȥϵޱĬһ֪رо顣
ԭһЦվһԣһϷӣֻıڽҶСһٺٽĽѩߣ޸ˡ
ǿҪץסҶС֫ʱҶС˫Ŀбų⡣
ĵƵԭھȻȫ˳ȥݺݵصɫСγϣСγѾˡ
һĻԭĿɿڴ֪ʲô£ûпҶС綯֣ھͷ˳ȥֱˡ
ʱҶСϴЦĿһ۳ԭһץץס˳ԭĲӣڳԭļһ£ԭ͹˵ϣʱΧѾΧһЩˣǶһĻ
ѩղŲҪڻˡҶСŤͷĽѩһЦ˵
𣿿ǣΧкöˡĽѩ˼˵ôǰ֣ɲŮķ緶
û£ֲֻ֣ܶʶ㣬һţǾߡҶСĽѩĽѩ֣ҶСȰ˵£Ľѩڵ˵ͷһ˳ȥһֱ˳ԭϣҶСͷ˹ͷѵ


667 ҶС֯
ݣݣŮһҪжݣѪĳԭҶС綼ԾԼӣǺĽѩһš
¸ղһţû뵽Ȼô
ԭǲĿ̶õףĽѩûа㺦֮ɫתͷҶС磬˼һС࣬ѯʵ𣿡
ĽѩЩûо˵ӣҶСʵ㻹һţ
Ľѩ˵ͷȻҡҡͷ˰ɣҵЬǸϴģҵЬŪˡ
ҶС󺹣ĽѩҡҡͷΪĽѩ֮ģû뵽ȻǺԼЬӱԭŪˣ˵бġ
ʱڵϵĳԭᣬһõˣȻһŮӵɳҪǴ˳ȥԺôأ
ޱƵҶС羹ȻǸز¶ɷҪ֪Էźõ֣ǾԲҶԷ鷳ġ
С磬߰ɣΧ˺öࡣĽѩΧԽԽˣС˵
Ҳ֪ˣҶСЦʵĽѩװӣϽ˵ããҲ˵ˣ߰ɣ
ĽѩҶСһۣȻҶСĸ첲ǰȥǰѲûи赲ҶСȻ̵ܹǿ׳ѵصıڣôҪ̵ʲô¡
סڿ㣬Ҳ׼ȥһΣɾͲһôˡھԭʱҶС˵һ仰
˲ûȥƵ£ߵһڰƫƧĽ䣬ҶС籧Ľѩȥڽͷ˶Ź飬ЩѲȻҶ֣ǸٵǿԵģҶСΪ˲Щ鷳£ֻôĽѩַʽȥ
ٶѲһƫƧĵطӰûУо÷ë˾ȻܹԵ޹ʵʧ顣
һУ⣬һƵĸ¥¥ͳһɫ۵ŮվϣǵĿͶԭλãĿž⣬֪Щʲô
裬ղǸѧǺùϵܽˣʱһɫ˿ϵųŮתͷüͷ΢ķ˵
ǵģúĹϵȷʵܺá
ֻǸһ˰ղųִڵֶҲƽ޷ǾٶȿһѣˣܰõǿûʲôֵĵطŮ˵ȻôڣȴһֽüӢ֮УЩŴŮ
ȷʵûʲôصĵطһüëرŨɻ˵
ǻû۲죬ϸĻһղųֵʱƷΪôߣ֮кܴù˫Ŀž˵
ǣôô˵ǸӶѡ˵Ļʢ˵ĸ߰
裬ѵ뵽ǵ֯һʵʱʱЦ⣬һ֪ǸԸºͣദˡ
ţȷʵ뷨Ȼûȼǣӳһúģ¼ǶȲ˵˶ֹԼʵô۹⿴ңѵ˵ĲԣЩ˵ʲôӳѵʮ˽ĳɾͣǿܣֱΪ׼ġ
˵üɫ衣
ȿȿȣ鳤ôԽԽǶӳˣӳܵﶼЩһȻһ뿴ܲԸº͵˵
ǺǣҲûа취ǰ쿪ʱ򣬶ӳ˵˺õӣһҪЦЦ˵
ǰӦôһ˻ȥ̫֯ˣȥֶϲ󣬼ȻǻʲôֱȥػءüëرŨƺЩȲӡ
²ȹ۲۲Ʒúý۲úһĿǻ֮ɫ˵
˺ͬĵ˵ͷ
ڻȰ°˵Ů˵ϸҶüӢʮ㡣
ҶС籧ĽѩصƽС¥ϺǷſţͨţԿֿɶڿæµ
ɶڴɨ˽ȥֻֿɶһϰϵء
ţղʫ㣬˵һͻҾɨһ¡ֿɶͷŪ½ǡ
ֿɶĻҶСһж˹ȥֿɶԴˣɶֻǽСɣѩϢС
ҶСֿɶнӹϰѣŵ棬ߵʱܴæûϵأġ
ҶСæµϵصʱĽѩûȥϢſеÿһطȻֿɶҲڰæüҾʱ˫ĿʱʱҶС磬Ŀ˼
ôҶСһֱס꣬ͼ棬ʹϻΪҪһڿεԭҲֿܺɶһؼңĻ٣ǳҶС硣
ȻҶСҲܹܵõֿɶĸ飬ҶСֻװͿʲô֪ӣӻܺһЩʡģ˵Ρ
ɨúֿɶĽѩҶСһ˵˵ЦЦֵܿӣֿɶʼ˵΢ЦǷĵЦݡ


668 ̳
һһⳡһֱ˵ڶϣŹѾȫˣҶСоԼû࣬Ψһĵľѧ˭֪Ǹһķ
Ȼ˵ֻֿСǻȫŸΣΪԭһӴӸ߸ߵλϵкܶ˻ᳰЦҲνֲǸ߿
糿䣬ʹżӺף洩űů£Щ䣬Ķ࣬ʱ򣬻ЩŮӴ˿೤ȹٴװĻ¾Ե֮
ϣе˶ĺܺÿǰ涼ðŵİɡ
ԵʣҶС缸˴ĺܱҶСֻһʽĳ⣬Ůֻűĳºһס
ҶСֿɶ磬ѾͷҲȷʵڷܣʱѾﵽ˺ľ磬ҶСһ̾ĽѩϻѵĹ࣬ڹ磬ȴŬҲŵ˺ء
˽УŸ߹԰λʱֿˣֿɶĽһ¥춭ûкһѧߵԵʡ
ȻҶС硢Ľѩͺʫҵʱ򣬶ѾԼλ϶ˣڵʶԵúܽţ˸͸¶Žŵա
ҪϿεʱ򣬶Žе󰲾ޱȣϰߣֻҪǿԹʦԾȻΪ˽ʡʱڼ䣬ʦһ£λͬѧ⣬Ļʦϸûһ仰
˵ڿΣһɫµĶ˽΢ĳĴϣ߶˳ӿ
߽վڽ̨ϣɨһȫͬѧĿⶨҶСϣĿЩɸֵζ
Ŀ⣬ҶС֪οԿ϶ǿˣûпĵһҪȻҲ
εĿԳɼ˵ǲģǰʮͬѧֻһͬѧǰʮλãλͬѧһĩԻû½Σ¾Ҫ̭༶ˣҲϣ鷢ᲢûָգΪ˸λͬѧһ棬Ͼűİ༶У̭Ļп϶ܡ
ȻǰɼܲҪ˵Ǵͬѧܷ߰ٷֵĳɼȡȫ꼶һͬѧĽܴͬѧǹףһ¡ῴȫͬѧϴŵЦ˵ȻҶСһۣҶСûһºһ
Ļ˵꣬΢΢һᣬȻ䱬жԴĹжҶСĳֻϾҶСռݵһλѾˣܶ˶ܹҶС񻰡
˺þòŽɢҶСܹоĿͶЩĿ϶һϷֵζԴҶСһ㶼ں£ԼôʵԼ֪
չƵķεĿӦܿ߰ٶң붼֪һǻѧʹ˰ӡ
󣬶ῪʼԾˣ¿εʱͬѧǿԼ˵⣬ߵҶСǰʵôģѧôſԾʮ˷֡
ԼúܺãڷΪʲôôͣӦ֪ҶСдЦ⿴Ŷ˵
˵ͷҶС绹벻ͨʲôϽοⲻƽʱĿԶѣûʲô˵ģֻҪ֪ʶڸ߿һᱬģЩ˿ʹȨٴҲǸ߿иҸķ
Ļϸһϸü΢΢һ֪ʲô
֪ллʦҶСЦЦ˵
úĸϰ첻ҵٴ˵һ䣬Ȼص˽̨ϡ
ҶС緭ſһԼӢԾⶼΪûϸȥӶʧԭ޸һ£ע;ͽӢԾ
ѧˣŤͷʵ
ɣû£ǺǡҶСЦЦ˵
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Ҳ˵ĹҵҪϸ񡣡ҶСǹҳһ˿⣬ûκε⣬ѡⲻʣĴ𰸣ѡҿ۷Ψһ۳Ĺƾͼ⣬۳ĻҲֻһǾ˵дĲĹ̲ȷҲֻ档
󣬵˵ͷû˵ʲôͷԼĴ⣬Ŀź⡣
һڿѧҶСֱ뿪ˣûĿΣȻѾϣôĿѾû˱Ҫ
ڿ¿κûʮӵʱ䣬ȫУͬѧ֪ҶСοûпĵһӸ߸ߵĵһϵʲôΣͬѧǵǺܹģǹĵֻеһǲҶС硣


669 
ڿºҶСֱ߳УţȥӨ꣬죬ӹζУŵʱЩѾʶҶС磬ΪҶСǾ׵Ķ鷳һҶСͻѴŴ򿪣ԷֹҶСֱӴӲԶȥĶһЩͬѧЧ¡
תۣѾѧˣѧǶЩѧʶҶС磬ǶҶСָָ㣬ĵ˵ŸοԵ顣
һһȺݺݺŮͬѧӿ˽ŵһӿռС˺ܶ࣬ΪģһμѼѡǼͷ۵ŮʱЦ˳ǶԼοԲǵһǰѯԼġ
μѼǵһҶСģҶСʱһ˫˵ҫһĹâ˼Σһ˿Թ
ҶСһƣ֪ЩŮһﶼʲô⣬Ǹĺһ㡣
û°ɣμѼѿȻ䣬ȻĺԸУܵ׺ܵҲܱڴĶƼԸ˵ǡ
ʲô£ǵһ˭˭ȥҶСЦ˵
μѼ߶ķĿһȺŮҶС˹ֻۻֿۡɶ⣬İŮӣǶǸһСѧá
ǿҶСĿЩݻЩϧÿοԶõһˣǵȻܳݣҪǰʶʶ˵ѾõȻڵ̳ϾԻ͹
û뵽㻹ͦģοһ£ӣʱġμѼ˵
ûжֻ࣬ҪҾ֪ˡҶСЦЦ
ڣοôģôûµһǲûгΰ簡һ߹ͱ뺷ʵ
Ը˵飬ҶС糹ˣ֪˵ʲô
С磬һεĿԲܴʲôһһܹõһ֧ͣ㡣ֻۻ۽ԼСȭͷ˵
֧֣ѵѾڣ龪ȵĿֻۻˡ
Ȼˣôˣ㼵ˣѩ㻹ûмأ㼵ʸʲôֻۻۿ˵˶٣˼˵ʵҸղ˵ˣӦ˵ھ֧֣С磬ûܴɣ
ôأѾǴϰˣ˿塣ҶС˵
ǾҶСԸºͣ˵ĬദЩŮӶΧҶСǣֱӶҶСһǵӡ
ҶСһͷۣЩСŮʵ̫ˣԸرĿţҶС綼̲סԼǲǹʱˣʱķչˡ
ѩ㣬ˡʱֿɶͻȻ䴫ЩŮһӰ˺ܶ࣬ǴμѼѵ˵ĿѾ֪ĽѩҶСŮѣһʱ䶼Щ˼
ڣĽѩ˽ôŮӽҶСΧ룬ɻʵ
ѩ㣬˵Сûпһ벻͹οοֿɶ˵ϾĽѩΪϤˡ
ллοС硣Ľѩ΢Цܸм˵һҶСŵݡ
ѩ㣬ôǶǺѣ֮˵ллĻ̫ˡμѼЦȻĽһѩ㣬Ľѩá
ڹ̨ǰӨôŮһ龰һЦ⣬ЩĽʱҲӣѧˣһ¡
һȺŮһ󣬾͸ˣϾĽѩŮڣҲûиҸҶС֡
ղŮȺΧߵĸоôμѼһߺĽѩЦĿҶСʵҶСǳ֮
һ㶼ãоܷͷۡҶСʵش
ߣҿǺ޲ŮȺߡĽѩҶСһ˵
ѩ˽ҵģôܻʲô뷨ѵΪǣҶС練һ䡣
ҵȻǴȻ֪㲻ʲô뷨ҪȻ㣬㻹ǺǱһȽϺãһֳŮӣǶ㶯飬ס㣬Ǿ鷳ˡĽѩҶС˵
ţԺһעġҶС罫Ľѩ˻С
ͻȻĽѩʲôһ㣬ƿҶС磬óһԾ˵ǸɶЩⶼȷģȻÿһһ뻹Ҫķ
ǺǣûµģΪԼΪ۵ġҶСĿź˵ĽѩнӹԾ˿ȷʵˣÿһ⣬һԵķţҶСһԾһֱӻΪϸСķĩһ紵ʧˡ
ˣС磬οȫ꼶ֿܷʮ߷֣ʫǵڶ߳ʮ֡Ľѩ˵
㿼Զٷ֣ҶСдЦĿĽѩʵ
߷֣ȫ꼶塣Ľѩ˵ƺ˵ٹϲãҾܸˡ
ҶСĽѩ֮ʣһвԶһСڣϴŵ֮ɫĴӳϸͻȻ䣬һ׵ֱ˻ϡ


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컯֮£Ȼƽ޹ʵ콵磬ʵ˸о˼˾ȵ󣬸ûг
ܴʱպа׵ס
屻һºֱͦͦĵ˵ϣ˽ɫڵϳ鴤ֹƵʲôֲһ㡣
СڣһЩ˿Ͻ120ȡ
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һʱ䣬һжŸͿ£һʱ˵硣Ȼָ汾ﴫҶСĸֲǣҲкܶͦҶС磬һʱ䣬һжҪûˡ
Ϊʱ˵ҶСԴȫмһˣûʲô鷢һ㣬ôôЩʦҺ󣬶ῴҶСһۣû£ҶСɫ糣ʱʦǶ᲻ϵصͷοԵһЩҲ֪ǶԻҲܲٲô˼Һ̨ǿӲǱȲ
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ĽѩҶСһģ˺Ƹոս飬۵Сޣ۵ĳ̶ȶĽܶԷޡ
С磬ҪԶܹӸжðҪԷ꣬ĽѩĵĿҶС磬Ŀһ˿ӡ
ֲɵӣԼҶС߲˵ŮӣҲᱩ¶ʲôǣѾоҶСĶ飬һֱǿԼȥЩ£ʱԸıһУֻҪ˺úõعҶСһЩǵġ
ǻԶӵġҶСĿĽѩ˵ʱ뽫е˵ȥԻĽѩ½⣬ֺĽѩȥҲֻһһ
ѩǵãǰǸС𣿡ҶСͻȻ
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ѩģȹǿ죬ȻһķӣУ˵òãҶС罫ԼĴַĽѩСϣ˵
ҶСӣĽѩ˵ͷ
ǺǣСԴɱŶϽԷһ᷹ˡҶСһĽѩľ˵
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ת˷䣬Ľѩʰ꣬Ȼ׼ȥĽѩҶС约Ľѩһ˴żµ׼ĽѩȥʫӨ꣬ĽѩܾˣΪȻΪҶСŮѣԺȻ飬ܴˣҪԼ
ĽѩĻҶСкܸжĽѩĶͷһ£ȻĽѩһ£һʧˣ³ڳѪɷʯķȥ
ӵʱ䣬ҶС㿴˵ƻͨľǱݱ޽¥
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еʣҶСǰȥûз˶ЩݻƵĲҶС
ֱǰнȥӰбߵķǰУǰһξҶСֹͣжʱ˴ͬһˮƽϣһ׵ľ롣
⴦϶˶ĿĿģ޷ǾǴӵȡѪɷʯǺô㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣһ֪Ǳͼ˭ʺĵط޽¥أЩҲɵϷŵиƨãڿ˶֪üëرŨһ˵ǲм
ǺǣһλЩʿɵӲɣȻǣǿ϶Ѿ²⡣ΪԷܴͬЩʿɵֻ֣ҪϹȥˣ˭Ա˳Ųġһ˵ЦЦбų۹⡣
ôôϤǸ˵ĻҶС뵽üͷһʲôط
ͻȻ䣬ԺһˣɲǷᰵĸ
˵Щ˶ǹⲿŵˣҶС


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󣬷һЦǻ۵ĹâѪɷʯʲôõģÿʡȥǵֻҪǽѪɷʯ߾Ϳˡ
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ӣҲ׼ڳԺڣҽѪɷʯڳȻȫߣû뵽ŵҲ˵ҶС
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ӳڻû̽µĿռж𣿡ʵ
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һĲҽ𣬺һӴӸ߿е˷ϣȻ£䵽ԺС
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ԸղŵһҶСһֵİնûУѾˣʱߺʱߣҪǸŮ˷ҪǸʲôͫˣİĹͲ˽⣬ôֵأ
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ҶСһִ֪ŮѾעˣȻǲ鷢ģúúã˵ǸˣǸĻˣղſһ˽ǸżУΪ㻵ˣû뵽ȻԼˣǺǡ
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ҹĸģ춼ץס㡣Ů˵
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ʹ˿ȵǾͿԿԷû˿Ҫ˼ҶСһҧĵһ治ˣҾͲ׷ҡ
ţһ䣬´ķȥǸŮ˼ȻǶӳΪǵĴƻȻ׷Լˡ
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ѵͲƻļƻ𣿲׷ԼҶСҪ׷ˣֻôˣҪȻѲ
ҶСһƬȺλ÷ɱһ죬һöСʯӱУ֪λиֿţˣֵסǸִŮˣýܡ
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ҶСǵӰӳУ䱾͸壬ãƻļһҪˣɫװŮ˵׼鿴ҶСķ׷Ѱȥ
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£һ׳ʵӰʹӸߴ촰ڷ˳һˣǿ׳һһ㣬⾡ԣһס
ΪңȻɫװŮӻе룬赲ҶС뿪ǹʱġ
һɫװŮ׼ܣһӣˡ
ɫװŮѾҶСټ׼׷Ѱȥʱ򣬺һĴͷͻȻ䣬ᵵǰסȥ·
ÿŮȥƲ˵Ŀк˸
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˵꣬˫Ŀк˿ΧЩһۣȻʧ
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߽ȥʱĽѩһʳɳϻ˯˫۲ͣرպ
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ҶСЩ֣֪ʲô飬ͬѧǶûгȥ飬صλϺҶСȥ
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ʱкܷϢû뵽˹һܲҵϢ³һ£Ȼһ룬߱Ͳ࣬ʱһԵЩ
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뷨ʱоԼЩۣ·᲻µĸоУҲпסңҲ鷢
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ҶС̹ףĽѩҲû˵ʲôֻҶС·Сĵ㣬ȥأ绹ҪϿΡ
ΪǴԵʣҶСûֱóңȥһ⣬˳󣬾Ͳŷǧֻ
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⳵ԼʻһСʱʮڵ˻ȥ50³ҶСŷǧ˵ĵطȥ
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ûбеľǻۡ
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վƵĵطܶ˶ҶСŷǧָָ㣬һź֮ɫƾҶС䲻Ůӣ޲ԼҶС磬Ůһ˶ڻС
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û£Ѿܿˡŷǧ˫ǻ۵ҸĹâŮһ˸УǰǶôĴһӣɵġ
ŷǧǻҲվһأ֪ҶСкöŮˣԾɺƷɶ˻ǰ㿿ҶС磬һж޻ڵģҶСкܸж
С磬߰ɣ̫ˡ˺һᣬŷǧԴҶС绳ƿΧкܶڿˣϷΡ
û뵽㻹кߵʱ򣬺ǺǡŷǧһĽҶСȤûмŷǧȻҲŮ״ʱоЩʸС
е㣬ǣҺ¼֪ǵĹϵ󣬶㲻ȻڵѪѾˣЩΪﵮΪѪ¸֮ͬĹϵҪ֪ŷһ˴ⲿͨ飬ǼǧĹءŷǧϵĺκܿʧˣȡ֮ŨŨĳ⡣
֪ŷǧǵԼİȫҶСſ˵ͷ˵ðɣ
ҶС˫ȭգĿоâⶼΪΪ̫ˣʲôأΪƵģһΪﵽϵľ磬ͿԼ̤һйأ޷졣
ҶС·һ⳵˳
׼ȥҪȥסĵط𣿡ҶСתͷŷǧʵ
סĵطˣǶ㣬һסɣŷǧ˵ǲҶС鷳
ҶС˵ͷȻ󽫷᰼ַ˾ҶС֪᰼ĵַŷǧһ˿ɫǹҳһĨЦ⣬֪Щʲô
ԿףҶСʵ
аѵˣұסڱġŷǧ˸ǻ۵Ĺâ˵Щζ
⼸ڹôҶСŷǧ޳ʵ
԰ɣҹȥҪΪ˶ܼˣҲ֪ǶʱҲУ𲻱Ҫ鷳ߵģȻЩҪȥæŷǧһЦ˵
вһʱˣʱ¼˻᲻ֶεĽҴؼȥŷǧɫЩȻ
ģֻҪڣһǼ֮˵İڲġҶС˽ŷǧ֣ᶨ˵
ҾǵС磬ӦңʱΪûͻƣǧʲôɵ£ס߻кܶŮˣҪΪǸڼ飬һ취ӵģгʱҡŷǧһŵĿҶС磬ǵģ溦µʱҶСܲǰˣ֮Ϊȫڼ䣬һɱ
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Ӧң𣿡ŷǧһֶֻסҶС촽ҶС˵ȥд֮⡣
ŷǧüĳеĿҶСֻõ˵ͷǿɬģ֮ǰҪͻƣҪȻԺһ
ŷǧ˵Ĳܺ˶ˣ߿ɲֻһŷǧŮˣҪ֪ԼʲôΣգ֪жġ
ллһͻƵġоҶСеޥĵȻ֪ҶСʲô
˵Ǻܴ˾Ҳû١
᰼ʱѾˣʱѾϿˣʹȥҲϲˣĽѩԸ񣬼Լûл϶Լ١
һ뵽ĽѩЩ΢΢ΣȻ˵ĽѩԣСƢԴףһʼദΪԼı˺ܶࡣ
СƢԴÿŮ˵ԣϲ㣬ӣҲΪάԼİ顣
ʲôƽϵĺʫгԴ׵ʱֻ¶ѣҶС鷳
ôˣıŮˣŷǧҶСɫЩʵ
е㡣ҶСˬĳˣ֪ŷǧԸϲֿķǡĥĥˡ
ϽȥɣѾ˸·ɻúϢһ󡣡ŷǧװν˵ʵﻹϣҶСģֻǣҶСܡ
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ҶСŷǧ֪ܲҶСԴʲô
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ŷǧ߽ϴԡڣҶСſջʲôû˵˵һȥϴ룬ˣǳ飬Ҳһʱ
ϴԡڣǻˮҶСձģǿסԼ
ˮֹͣˡӺŷǧ˳ΧһԡϸԲĸ첲޳ֱȣǾգҶСĳӿ졣
ҶСվ߹ŷǧƽɳϣȻͷȥ


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ʱɵˣֻɳһһŮ飬
Բ𣬶Բ߳ˡ᰿ƣϽ˵ΪҶСǱһʱҲûϳ
ΪĹΪԼܴ˷䣬ϾԼķôһһŮڸ飬һʱ֮ЩûڣԼôûп¥ܽˣ̫ðʧˡ
׼תʱͻȻ䷴Ӧ˹ҵļҰҵļңҵԿôܴţοеĲúҼҵһģһǲҵ·𣿷
ʱҶСŷǧ˿˶ȥǷᰣ㶣ҶСƤǽһʱҲϾ˼ҵļŷǧҲһͨ죬޲Ҹطһ
ʱҲӦ˹˵ʱЩӦˣмΪ𾪣û뵽һ˲ٴɫŷǧȻίҶС磬ؼǣ֪ҶСѾŮѡ
㡭ǡָ˶Щ˵ˡ
ΪŷǧõѣҲ˵ǹۣȻ֪ҶСĹϵѾܵĵزعҲȸ˵һоģ֪ΪŷǧΪҶС硣
ᰡŷǧǸĽһЩ΢΢֮ɫ
һӵĿһۣ˵һ仰ǡǻȰ·ϰɣ˵ת
ӳҪҪһҶСЦеĿŷ˵Щأ뿪Ц
תһɫͨĵҶСһۣһٸˡ
ղתʱҶСովڵذϣ׼·ҶСϿ˸飬ͨͨͣûмʱ졣
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תѾ·ˣŷǧ˵úú̸̸
Ҳ͵˸˽᰿ҶС󣬺ݺݵĵҶСһ˵
ҶСһЦȻɳϣԸ̫̾ùˣôأ
ʲôʱʼģߵң˴ߣ᰿ʵĿĶŷǧ
ҲǲãҲûԤϵСߵһ𡣡ŷǧΪ˵ҲǸҰҺ޵ˣȻѾ֪ˣҲûʲô˼ֱ˵̹ȻԣοҲĺѡ
ȥǸ쵰һ𣿡ʵһҶСֱҧ
ǣ˵ߵһȫ⣬ĶͰɣŷǧ˵ǻ۵зҸĹâһ֪׹˰ӵŮˡ
ǲǿˣٴʵĿƺЩŭ֮ɫ϶ˣǸɫļһʲôɲǧģһΪһġ
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ôΪҳһСͽ𣿡ŷǧϴЦʵ
ôãôңЩ˵˵ģҶСǷ飬ҪҶСͽЩ²֡
ûʲôŷǧҡҡͷЦ˵ᰣˣûжǿ֮ĽΪһ⣬ǴԺˣҲҡ
ᰣҲϲС磬԰ɣŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ϲģϲأᰵĿҿһŷǧ
Ըһ˽㲻ϲС磬ôεİɫŷǧЦĿŷ˵
ɫЦҼ޲ýúһ١᰽˫ȭݺݵ˵
ҪԼĸ飬ϣȷʵϲ֮Ҷ֪Ů˽Ů˵ģ㿴˵ܹŷǧ˵˶٣˵ǴεĽϣѾģеļ䣬Ҳеļ䣬ƭԼˣȷʵϲֻ㲻ϰˡ
ϲôԳһЦѾŮˣǧѰɣӳ綼ʹġ
ѵҺֿԺͲʹˣһˣҸģǸڲͬˣʹߵŮٶ࣬һŮˡŷǧ˵˸Ĺâ
ֵܶ˵̫ˣĹ⣬һͻƣͻΪľ޴Ȼһ㣬Ϊÿ춼ֻûбֳˣţͻĲ㲻Զˣƾ죬ʱлǿļܳ֡


677 ͨ
ǧ㲻Ƿ˰ɣܸ㽻ôѵˣǶ̣һ֮Ŀŷǧ
˵Ƕͨ˶ԣһͨˣӦ֪磬ǸУƽصƶȺ͹ǿԲصģû˻˵ʲôŷǧ˸ڴĹâ
ᰵȻ֪ŷǧ˵Ǹָ磬ҶСʵԣЩȷʵûбҪȥأȲ˵ҶСгˣЩǮȨˣ⣬һûмŮˡ
ѵĸ𣿡ٴһ
ϲеһжʱͻףȻ֪Ůѵˣ㻹Ҳϲ뽫ԼŷǧЦ˵
ŷǧĻᰳĬŷǧ˵ĻûдҲ֪ôһ£ѵôһ˷ܲȥ׷Ѱһ֪ûκνֵİ顣
ҲôģҵѾҲϲκˡŷǧᶨ˵
ᰵ΢΢һìأȻ˵ƽʱԸ꣬ڳ嶯ǣָ飬Щ²˾ģȻ˵ҶС磬аһЩЦĳΪʵЩڴҶСͬĻǲᷴԵġ
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ðɣܲǾҿͧжϱߵĺһͨͨӵĵطеصµľ޴ռ䣬⣬ҲǵΧһ˳Ǿˣȹҵʱپ顣
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ôʲôˣӸղ˵ĶԻУֺǷʲôҪһ㡣
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ûа׷ʲô飿ŷǧüͷʵͬʱҲһ˵˵黰صᰵļҶСＱҪŮ֮£ʱ˵
ŷǧʲô֪ᰰһ쵰ԴоЩ˼룬ôҪ鶼ǧһҷǽѵһβɣǧ
һᵽ·Ҹ˵֪ʱĽԣҪ뽫Ǽӵ˵ȥҪúܳʱ䣬ֻڳ˵
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ףôͳˣǲʲô飿üĳأҶСʵ
Ƿͨе¿ռͨͨڶϺ׼Ͽλ׼һȥߵҶСǰҶСһۣҺݺݵҶСĽűϲһš
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ôʱ򣬸ҰãҪȻÿûҶС磬ŷǧ߳˷䣬ֻʣҶС硣
ҶС΢΢ЦЦ輸ϵԿף˳ȥţ¥ȥûݣӰȫͨ£¥ݼûߣˣҶСٶȼ죬Ƿһ㣬ʱ䣬ҶС¥£˷ᰵСγ
Ǹ쵰ôûòǲ˰ɣվСγǰҶС綼¥һĳڷᰵ
Ҷ⣬϶ģͷĺˡŷǧһЦ˵
ҪĲҾ͸ûꡣƺЩ˵
ӳǲˣ˵ղŻѵãǡÿǸɶٺ١˳ҶСһЦ˵
㣬쵰Դе˼ôôһԼµЬӹȥסҶСͣǵҪ·ߺͷˡ
ѵ˷û˼룿ҶС練һ䡣
㡭˵һ飬ԼȥҲ㡣вȻŷǧ˳ŷǧ׼ںλϵģ󱻷˸ʻλá
ҶСֻùµںһŵλϡ
ںӾеĿһҶС磬СʻȥҶС֪Ҫȥʲô飬ղڵĶԻҶСȫˣҲǹģǲȥ͵


678 ȥ
жϺ½һشླྀʯˣҲûʲôֻﶺƬʯʮĵطȴ˶ʮֻͧÿҿͧ϶죬Ƕǹ֧
ǰһҿͧվһɫװŮӣĿ˲ֱӣҿͧÿҶվɫ۵ŮǶǹⲿŵԱ
Щͧͣ˺ϲ֪ڵȴʲôǰҿͧɫװŮӣϳһ˿ͷ֮ɫ
ǵĶӳʲôʱܵŮӶһȫװľʵ
Ѿ·ˡ칧˵Ȼϱֳ˹֮ɫȴܲЩ̫ˣһ뵽˼ҵݣήˡ
ʱһſͧŷᰡҶСŷǧǰ
Ȼ˵ٶȶѾܿˣǳӣΪ·϶³Եʣûп˲Ż١
ͧɫװŮڵĿͧǰʱͣᰲһ˿Ǹ˵Ǹ·϶³ˡ
˵Ƴһһҿͧϵһӣĸ衣
һйֵķӳˣɫװŮӿŷ˵ƺЩ߰ЩĿˡ
ҶС翴ŮӣĵòΪû׷ңըҩˣ
ʵҶС绹ǲ˸˾ŲʮΪҶСϷˣһȦգòΪͨеµͨЩϲеĨϲڵȴĹбĥˣҲ᰺ɫ
ǣǣȻóŮӶЩ᰻ǿ̵ŭʵϾ˼ˡ
˭ûбҪ֪ǸסƬʯһӺðܵɫװŮһĿ˵
ǡ᰾ԼҪˣǱһԵŷǧסˡ
Ϊ쵽ŷǧĶĿͶ˹ȥͻȻ䣬ҶС磬ҶС˲䣬Ӣϸü΢΢һƺڻʲô
ҶСҲĿͶ˹ȥװһӣ֪ɫװŮӹǸоʲôϾ߶һаɣҶС޿֣ҴƱŮһûϳԼ
Լרþһס˵ĶԷĿ⣬ܹ͸ԼΪüʱԷϳԼ
˭ɫװŮӽضҶСʵ
ҵѣ𰸼ܶṩġ᰽͵߰ĿһеŮ˻ὫҶСϳ
󣬺ɫװŮŽɫĹâһҶС磬ȻջĿ⣬ҶСʲôûпԼĻͫΪţΪҲûй׷ֻΪҶСǸͨĲͨ˶ѡ
ǰʻʻƬʯɫװŮ
ʻʯͧǾ㵣ĵŮ˸òɵ˰ɣʯȥֱǲҪˡ
ŸϽģҵָӣǲʯġɫװŮ˵˶٣תͷпͧϵ˵ҳĿͧҪǳײˣ˵ûǡ
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ǡЩӣɫװŮһŵӣֻҪ˿ͧǰʻȥ
ƫʮȡͻȻɫװŮ˵ͧϽĻȥ
ںɫװŮӵָ£ͧڽʯǰľ룬һ¶ûУܶ˲ɵö
ӳˣһ˵Ķӳ࣬Щ˶һսսӣһܿ£㻹ǲҪĺáһӣߵķ찲ο
ࣿظһ䣬һ
ԭడˣҶС
ʱɫװŮĿͧͣʮҿͧɢгһͣȻޱȣϸĻĸͧܵ˹ΧĿ֧ͧԮõˣЧץסˮˡ
ͣҶС粻߿˼֣Ϊˮϴ̵ķǲ򵥡
һаźúŶʮɫ۵˴һƣһԾ˺ڣ뺣ڵһ˲䣬𾪵ǣˮûмһ˻ֻе֤˽˺ڡ
˷׷Ҳ˺һӾͶʧˡ
ӳڸô죿һʵƺЩãȻǲ֪Ҫʲô
ȣȵ˳ս׼ʱ׼ץˡ˵ʱǼΪһ˳
ǣӳȻ󽫻ûһ졣
ͨе¿ռͨҶСĿž
˶кĵģҶСҲ⣬ȥǸռеʲô˼ԽԽǿңһ˾Ťͷߵŷǧ˵ǧȥڿͧϣܡ
ҪȥŷǧʵС
šҶС˵ͷ
ȻѾ¶ˣȥɣСĵ㣬ǿŷǧΪĵ˵
ҶСٴε˵ͷһʧˣ˺ˮУûзһ˿Ҳûע⵽


679 ص׿ռ
Ѿ＾ڣˮҲñޱȣΪ˲Ǹ̬Ů˷ڼ䣬ҶСûʹ֣Ǻˮı·뵽˵Ĺͷ
ãЩҶСѾﵽ쾳߲ʲôͨ˵ĻּΪĺˮڴϸʮӿ¶һĲ
ˮûӰ쵽ҶСߣ˫Ŀ˸ʶȫչ۲ΧһЩΧˮԪ໥ϵ·ˮһ֣һֻźˮǱȥ
֪½˶ãֻһȺҶС缸ˮΪһ壬ЩҲûо쵽Ծĵط
ЩҶСףһ˹ȥȺҶС糯ȺķȥԼʮʱ䣬һԲζںͬһƽľӡ
ϸȥһĹâɵģֹâܹЧķֹˮӽ룬˵Ǹˮģֹˮ˵¿ռ䡣
ֹܹˮĿƼҶС𾪲ѣò滹û˵ǸƳʲôܹ赲ˮӣֹâɢĻ
ҶСǰȥԲζڴͣйĤԲζֱԼң޴쳣͸ǲ㵭ĹĤһڽ롣
ԶԶȥͺһ޴ޱȵԲװ˺öֻϡ
ҶСͨĵһоҪ֪̣֪ҪķѶֱ
ͨбµģҶСʱҽ룬һȥͻһ˷֣˿ܣ־붴ڲԶһɺһҾ޴ǱˮͧΪͨϰ׼ġ
˴Լеʱ䣬ҶС翴ȫһȺ˵Ӱǰȥ˫ִĤĤͬһųԵ𽺣ʮ㣬Ͳܴ
ҶСüͷʶ̽ϸĹ۲ĤĤСɵģЩС簴һƵš
۲쵽ҶСȻˣǹҳһ˿΢ЦȻѾҵ˹ĤĹ죬ôȥҲʲô£һһһĹĻƵʹ֮붴ڹĤƵͬһͽ˺ĶѨС
ҶС粢ûмŽ룬Ҫ֪һİĻ۲ΧһжǺбҪģһ΢ⶼпܻΪԺǱڵΣա
˫ĿѤĹâתڵӾȻһӱɫʹűʯģҶСŤͷ۲ͨ
ͨԲĳֻ۳ģߵͨǽǰҶСǽںܼ̣ɢŵӫ⣬֪ʲôɵģԲεǽа˵ۣ֪Ǹʲôõģеεİۣһ֡
һǰһ·̣һ·ϣЩۣҲ˵ͨǽϺпְۣܶЩۣҶС粻죬ЩֱĳֽͨߵĹǾǲǻҪȵвܹ֪
ҶСһ˽ʵǽϣǸǽϱҶС簴һӡ
ҶСüͷû뵽˵Ľʵղ˾ųɵĹʹǼӲľʯֻҪҶСһ첲ȥǣǽڵļӲǿȾȻһĸҪӲҲ˵ͨȫʹһֱ֮ҪӲĶģ治֪ķ˶
ƬҶСԾһһ㣬ǰȥнĹУǽϻװͷƷֹ˴롣
ЩҶСûᣬԼٶȣԷͿʲôҲһѡ
ҶСսͨʱͧϣźһеķŤͷһҶСʲôʱ򶼲ˣŷǧʵǧС絽ȥˣ㲻Ҫ˵Ҳȥˣ
ţȥáŷǧ˵ͷ˵
쵰ѵ֪ΣǧҲǵģôȥأЩ֮ɫЩģֵĿŷǧ˵
ô㵣ˣŷǧдЦʵ
ҲŲᵣأֻǾȥѣ鲻ܹ͵ġӲ˵
ģûµģȻȥһİգʵӦ֪һЩɣСʵʵ࣬粻СĶ֣Ӧ÷˰ɣ
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ŷǧ˵ͷҲ¶һ˿֮ɫùҳôֵĵطһܲ򵥣ΣԵȻҲܸߣղ˵ҲֻΪ÷᰷ſģһ˵ģܱ˵ĸá
ԲͨУҶС籼˹ӵʱ䣬ڿǰĳڣڴһվţ֪ٵȴʲô
ҶС˺һξ룬ͨǻεģ˽ǶȿסԷߡ
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ܵԷĿ־ͺ⣬ҶСǹҳһĨЦĵñøЩɣ
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˸û˿׼Ҳҿʱ޿̲پţͬһʱ䣬е˿ʼĸһʱǺ⴩˾޴ѪѪҺÿЩ˶ûоˣǱ͸Ĳλǻ߸ɶԾȻ
Ϊ˾ߵһͬ飬ס˹ǺϣΪȽϻһʱûд͸ľ޴˳ȥ˽ǽϡ
ⲿŵˣ˵һĸˣˡ
ԶԶûнǸոһʱǱߵ˶ˣƶ˹ֲӿȣĸ
ؽкһٶ࣬Ϊǵݺݵ˽ǽϣһʱûӦؽһȭ£ۿҪԴ
ͷһصĽ֮䣬ؽȭͷ˺صĽϣҶСǵֳŽʱ䣬оһ飬ܵ˲Сˣȴվһվ˵ϣһǵѪҶСŤͷлл
ҶСһ㶣˰֣Ц˵ÿ
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ʱռһԲοռ̨ԶһյؾȻ˿¶һѨ
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ǹؽˣ𾪵ĿһУ֪ôһ£˵ôڷ߾Ͳأ
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ʱĳ²ʿȫûиղֻŵӣһɫ壬ͻȻɢµĻ
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˶٣˵ʮʱ޿̲żÿ뿪ؼҿ֯϶ԸѣҹˣܹˣҪȥҵĺӣôǷ
ж˭ϵʱ򣬶ãǸ֯ͬȨᣬû˷ǹ顣
һе˶Ĭ
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뿪һоѪΪҳΪһˣҲ²ʿ˵Ƿ
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ҶСһԺµĿһĻһһ޸ڵƣ࣬ܵʵᣬǲ԰׵ϾͿԿ
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һŵıըģҶСʵɲΪһ켣ƻǸ屬ըǸڵΪ˹̶ߺţƵĻ·߷УҶСǲ׵ģߵ̵ĹâǲˣʱҲû˵
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˵ôûʵĻյԭҲΪԼǵ֯ķϣóûҶС缫ΪмĿһ˵ǳ
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Ļежһɺ⣬ǸеģԴתۼôȫļƻҲǣɱ˭֪ǻǵ֯ȻϲҲͿԺ޵ĵĻȥ
ˣʲôûУûĻҾһˣǺúõ¿ռĿаɣ²ʿ˵
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ûٳʲôĤ赲ǸĤֻ赲ʽĹ赲Թ
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ƤģϽæҪȻҿɰˡֳźؽҶСܼĺжţͻȻ۽Ƴǰ͵ЦղŻڿ˵źڵãһкƣ
ҶСĻؽɫ࣬ǸСӣ˲֣źƤⲻԼǸ
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ʱҶСһЦӣһͣǸʶǰ׳֣мΪķŭ޲ýҶС˺飬ջվϷ硣
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ʱڳҳԼҪĶĻһ¿ռĽ˵ͼ˵ͼбע˵Ƕ¿ռĽͼ¥дװףЩȫˣĿͶ˽¥ΧĿ¿ռǽڵλá
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700 ֵ
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˲ĿУҶСӵЩм޴װ˺ɫķУװ̾һϣ滹мѣƤϣʱࡣ
ҶСĶ󣬹ؽɫ࣬ϵ˵ĺ˶£ҶСȡȥµĶôܹŭأ֪֮ģʱ˺ҶСͻϾҶСΪɲ⣬ܴܲùǸ⣬οйҵЩһԻ
迴ҶСľٶһƣ뽫Щ˵ȥģû뵽ҶСˣȻϻмѣѾòˣҪСһĹҶСеԶ
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ҶС˵ĻЩûѵͣЩǸղҶС˶ģһɱûУǮжЩ
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ҶСֵ׼ʲô۸Щ輫ΪƵĿ˵ЩȻܲҪ˵ûд޴ڣǵͻһݱϡ
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٣һǧǮһѣ̽ʵɲ֪ҶСһָʲô˼Ҫһ£ҪȻϡͿģһҪˡ
һǧǮȷûпЦʵļ۸ɣҪȻ˭֪᲻Ѽ۸ѹø͡ҶС絭˵һһ㿴ôüĻǾһֽǮһֽ
ʲôһôȥҶСĻ趼³һѪ˸һȣĪǷһһ˭Ҫ
ôѵֵһ򣿡ҶС翴ŷЦ˵
㡭ָҶСƼߵ˵˻ΪҶСǸܺദˣû뵽ȻǸôǮˡ
ҪɣЩļ۸Ҳδ̫˰ɣҪɣ־úܿϧЩǵսܹһ
һֻǶһ˵űᰵϣҸۣôҵǵһѣǿΣҶС˵ϴЦ˵
СⲻΪأǸûôǮƵ˵
˴γǸûдǮһܹҲʮˣʲôȥ򰡣
ˣӣҲǮˣҪѣһһЩһʮǶǷһ飿ô̸óɲ̸óǾһֽǮһֽҶС¶һ˿Ⱥ껹Ҫƻʵ
С磬ĺҪЩǣϻûôǮ㿴ܲһЩ˵
ˣѾǱ˺ܶˣǮʹǷҶС¶ƻı顣
ðɣǾ˵ˡε˵Ρ


701 뿪¿ռ
ÿʮļ۸öҷǷҶСһ飬ȻȫǷ飬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ЩȻҶСţȳȥһֽǮһֽ
ΪЩԭʼ˹ؽɫȻܲÿԼĶȻñƤӵףе̶ܳȿ֪
촩͸ˡʱؽߵӰ˵
󣬹ؽͷһˣֹͣ޴⣬ݸӰǺӵϺֱҶСȥס
вõĹâȭͷգһȭ˿Ҫ͸˵ⲣϡ
ꡣһⲣϷһ漴ѣ¶һ߽ޱȵ壬Ǿǳ²ʿģϵ·ȫ˻ҽⶼѾ̼ʵЩҡ
ؽմһץ½ڵͱһεץ˳˵ϣĿбų⣬ڳ½ѰʲôնûѰҵõ
ûдϣղŴӷʱ򣬷ڷˣ±뱨УӦòΪ¶ɱǣǳͷһ£ȻǴ׷Щ˵䡣ؽЩε˵
ؽʼմûܣ֪֯ǿ󣬼ʹӵĺǣ֯Ҳҵ㡣
Ӱͷ˿½üͷû˵ʲô
˵ĶԻҶСԼľһǸ㵽֣˭Ҳ벻ǾȻôǸô˵Ǹˡ
ʲôʵ
ؽ˿裬˵Ҳ޷ѾҲˣǸǸ濨洢оɹԼݣϧڱЩ˴ȥˡ
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϶ᣬǸ濨Ĳɵģ䡢ȡǿĴųͲܻٵؽߵӰ˵ӰǿԲοռ䣬˺ܶණ֪
εεεΡʱһΪ
һӣʮ롢ʮ롭ǵһеŮ
˵ɫüΪѿÿһӣͽӽһӣÿ˵жЩֻš
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ȥܹһЩæһµӰ˵һû˿ԥҲȥӰ಻
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ʮ롭ʮ롭ǴһȻҶС翴˿ҵЩԱһ˵ǻȥɣһ׼һ¿ռˣǻȥЩͨڡ
ʣļɫ۵Ů϶֮ɫȻҶС˵еǣΣԼĶѣһֳ衣
ŸʲôϽȥҪȻˣĲȥĻǧˡҶС˵
ѾˡһŮӿɬһЦ˵
ʮ롭ʮ롭
Ǹ֣ҶС̾һȷʵѾˣʱҶС⣬ÿ˶˫ȭһ֮ɫԲͨг˻еı⣬ûκε
롭롭ԽԽӽҶСܹÿ˵඼˵ɼʱжǳĽţء
롭һ롭˵һʱеԺж˵ضɽҡ¥ը١ʵ񷶥ݶ£һĳ
һȻûмʱֻһѾ
е˶ԼͬһƬ̺ӰǷ裬࣬ƣ֮ɫ
ֶѸ㣬ƽ˼ҵ˺š룬õЩ򣬸ϼѣҪںܶʱƳҪر޴󣬻ǸߣҪͨˣ»ûеȱըԼȾͿˡ
󣬿ؽһĨų׼Թؽ˳֡
Ȱ㻹ǲҪֵĺãط˽̶ȣұ֪ö࣬ȻһǵĶ֣Ҫٵ¿ռ仹ܹģţͶһ¡ؽϴŵЦݣһӣж˵ĻǼ١
ʹҶС磬Ҳжϲ
߰ɣؽ˵һȻӰһ˴ӷ2ŵͨȥҲ·1ͨ˰ء
кջûг֣Ҷģǿʮ˵
ڽˣҲˣټҶС˻˻˵һʧˡ
վסб⣬һ׷ȥǷŲ±ҶСˣ˵顣


702 췣
ĻϻǺƷǺںڵƲ㶼֪ۼ˶ޱȾƾƷŭһҲ£״̬һֱһСʱ
粻ϴ𣬺ϲʮҿͧͺƺϵĸƼҡҡλΣʱҪǺƷ
ʱһҿͧϣᰰţŷǧһüͷһʮֵĵӡ
ô᰿˿Ƿڵĺ˵
һͻɣŷǧǿһЦ˵֪ôģԽԽһľĸоһĸоͺҶСΣԽԽһ㡣
ǧ˵ʲôһСʱˣƲ㻹ڲϵľ£ѵҪƲѹͷϲſ𣿡ָǺʵʵƲ˵
ʱǺںڵƲ㼸ѾΪʵʣͬһڴ˵ϣʱǲᵽʲôԲط
ѵϲ겻ɣһ϶ı꣬ò˼ӾͻΪѵϲܣŷǧŷ˵ͼַʽתԼע
ɱҲϲչһԼ˵оԼȫѹֵܣĽг±˿Ƿӣֻ÷㡣
˵Ҳ֣Ҵû˵ֹƲȳҲ½˺ܶ࣬һ궼£̫ˡŷģ̌ͷĻ˵֪ôˣǾԤʾʲôѵСйأԼ뷨סˡ
أֻҪµӾˡᰴֵ˵벻׾ͱˣҪȻͷ۵ġ
ŷǧ˵ͷʱͻȻӦʲôһ㣬Ťͷ߿ȥ
һӰӺˮгɫͰɫĳţп㣬ǡþҶСװ硣
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֪綼磬ΪĴٶȴĴٶȣǴʱǣ׾Ȼͬʱֵģʵˡ
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ҶС󣬺ƺëһ䣬ںϣ̧ͷ죬üһţͻͻͻֱҪʲôһ㣬ǹΣվͿҪˡ
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ҶСŤͷȥֻһˬĿԼ۵ȴһ˿ϲãŷǧϴŵЦݣСڵȴɷĵһرůĸо
һҶСͳڵĿͧϣдЦĿŷᰣô
ǰûڵص£һñƲƲ죬һҶС
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仰ҶСǸоǹɿֲϢεؿƺһ㣬ôˣѵҪҲɣ뵽䣬оǹΣյϢϣǴʱƹʲôûУ벻ͨ
ʱͻȻоͥĪĶһ¶鿴ȥֻͥһ仰ϵĽ񹦳ɣ췣
췣ѵľС˵еɽȻɣԺеһ仰ѿһضᱻڸϽȾԶһ㣬ʡһǣҶС
С磬ôˣʲô飬˵Ұŷǧ˸ǻ۵Ĺâ˵ŨŨĵġ
ûʲô飬ˡҶСǺһЦȻŵĺɫȡݸŷǧ㣬úã˭ҪǵıһʮǮĻ͸ֻһ롣
ʲô˵ô𣿡ŷǧûнӹȥͱرصķ˹ȥ
ʱ䣬ᱡĴ濨лУǰһŷǧȻ󽫶úãҴõģر󣬲Ҫκ˵
ŷǧ˵ͷһеĶʧˣ
ιι컯֮§§ɺͳһأʱᰲ˵
ҶСſŷǧһЦĿŷ˵ôԴˣ
᰷ɳһžҶСȥ
ҶСٺһЦ嵹˳ȥںϻһ㣬ھʮĵطͣԥһ£һٴηɳʮײͣ


703 һ׵
ҶС羲վںϣӿȵεĿйâҫ̧ͷƹĻ
ʱƴ뺣֮䣬˿γ˰ߣһʱ䣬еȫʪ͸ˣ᰺ŷǧҲ⣬ֻҶСһӰ춼ûУЩ˿ڵΧһߵʱ򣬾ԶֿʹʪҶС·
ɫԽԽأЩڴ뿴ν췣ʲôӣ췣ֻ֮
ܴ裬ƴľյƲ㲻ûб䱡Ӻһ㡣
ֹôʱ꣬ڿɺã·ȫʪ͸ˣˡᰴһ˵
ղĳ˺˵ʹܣҲϲֹŷǧŷ˵ɫƽϲʱԼ״̬оҶС鷳Ҫʱ侲ǣʱҶС硣
ǧôƺЩԾΪʲôôԶǲΪңŴҶСʵӰ˵ǵģΪղԼҪҶСҶСԶ
ûʲôϵ鷳ˡŷǧƽ˵ǻ۵ĹâͻȻƲ㡣
鷳һɻкǲ⣬ƬˣֻĻƲͻȻãγһ޴©ƬĻΪģмƲ㼫񣬱֮ղſ»Ҫһ࣬ԵشƲܱм伫ƲУ߲ߡ
һĻÿ˵𾪣ǶܹܵһɺƵѹƲγɵ©洫ĿҶС硣
ѵҪɣ˳૵ǵڣڲ˵Щ
ʱһӰ˺棬ںϣɻĻΪߵǣܸܵõĻϺƵµľ޴ѹ
ӳô£龰üͷʵǸմӺ³⵽ôһ£е˶֪
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷӢüë΢ͻȻһӰҶС磬ҶС羲վںϣĿкһ̣еĺȫʧˣȡ֮ʣоĻǹɾ޴ѹǳҶСġ
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ڴʱһи߰Ľڣеѧھϰ⣬ǺʵƲѹÿͬѧЩ˳ĸо
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ߵһ˵Ľ䣬һʧˣҶСߵķ
ԽԽƱȸղŻ˼֣պγɵ©ԽԽˣǺеĵԽԽܼƺƴ֮
С磬ôˣʱһҲ֪ǵҶСİȫǵҶСϵ
ĻҶСȥѾӺˣЦЦ˵Զ
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ʱûˮ棬ǲ³ţ룬ʵûжǹ׵󣬲ͣƻڲࡢȵȵһС
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֪ˡ췣࿴һҶС类䵽׵λãȻ̧ͷƷĻ˵
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ҴһϿˣ˵ܾǰƬؼʹ׼䣬׾ٵͻ죬쾳Ǹʱ㲻ʲôʥֶţëţغ󣬾ʹԼصƽ⣬ΥȻɣͻήѣѾ췣ɹ췣Ϊɲͻɢؼ䣬Ҳûһ˿ӡǳ֡
˵ĶǴͻƵʥʱŻ췣ôϻ췣벻ˡüͷ˵


704 
ѵǸԭ򣿡Ŀ⸴ӵĿҶС类׵Ǵ档
ʲôԭ򣿡ʵ
ʱڣҲһЩÿһΪͻƶ췣첻ǳ֣Ϊ̫ˣСͷâ¶ʱѹһĸ֣ҶСǲҾͲ֪ˡ˵ĿЩĽ֮ɫ
Ȼ˵Լ֪ѾеˣҶСֻˡ
ΪʲôͻƵʥû췣֣üͷʵ
ΪһؾޱģǴξޱеѸ˥ˣҲԽԽѣԺͻƵʥҲ췣֣һ˵ΪصĹȫˣЩʥҲֻͽ޷ؾޱЩȡ
췣ǽһγ֣Ҳ֪췣ĸı䡣˵۾һգգĶҶСԭǸλá
ѵҲһҸ𣿡һĽ
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һӰ˺棬վϣȫ㣬ڣͷ˾ӰҶС硣
׵̺ԿһĽǹˣƣҲڼ̵ʱȫ޸ˣǹ໹мǿȶǰࡣ
ǳ壬ûһ˳ЦежǾ壬ôֵ׵¾ȻܹȻ⻹
ꡭꡭǲ̺ÿֲԵ¡
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ҶСٴε䵽ˮУղվĵطĺˮЩ΢죬һͷ˹ǳǳɫʧˣûҶСһ˿ۼûгֹһ㣬ֻĻǷĺƲż֤ҶСڹ
ȥͧϰɣҪȻ췣һһͷġоΣյϢߵĿռУ൭һ˵һʧˣ˷ڵĿͧϣҲ˿ͧϣᰵģ˷ɵĿͧϡ
վҿͧϺҿͧһƽ˺ܶ࣬죬ӿͧƽȵƯںûһ˿Ķ
ӳ˵췣ֻҶСһ˳ͷôҲǳͷ費ʵ
˽ص֮ʱάתĹرУ֮ˣƻеĹ˵ܲͷ𣿡൭Ŀһ۷͵
ӳҾý˺ܶ࣬һ㡣ԥһ˵
ֻǽĿͶ˸ŵߵƲ㣬ûٽʲô
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ʱҶСںһʯϣȫǹɿֲϬղǿ񱩵Ϻܶط˹ͷȻں˺ܶ࣬Ծɫĵ绨
һЩײеĺ׶ŵŨŨѪζӵչݣͼҶС統ʳǵҶСǰ֮ʱһ£ʧȥ
ҶСոһĿֲһ첲һϸˮҶСϣΧһЩҶС绢ĴʳԺӴܣǺܸߵģǸܵ˼ΣյϢܵġ
Ѿǿ񱩶ֲ˳ˣû뵽ôһ磬̺ǿ磬ڵƽ⣬˳˵±ÿޱȣǱһֻޡ
ȫ£ںɫѪҺƤѷ첻ϣѪܶʱпơ
ˣǿ񱩵ƻڲһУЩʹҶС綼Լעȫתϡ
ҲҿǿޱȣºͶְԵÿתһдڵһжƽϢ
ѿ˿ϣеࡢദѺڲϵ޸ţǿȡԣʱʱ̶̿ţʵҲӡ
Լʮʱ䣬ҶСӣɫĹâȻųһǺˡ
ʱȫµѾȫָˣͬΪҲһΪһ͵㣬ʱǲˣԼƿشﵽľ磬Ϊܹٴˡ


705 سɴ磬鲽
ҶСȻվ˶ˮγһֱԼ׵յشͷ˿ɫӺƴ͸˺ˮĻ֮Ϸҵĺƣһ˺ƻһ⣬źȥ
ȻĻϺƷԤʾҶСûΣգǣͧϵŷǧͷԾɵĲѣ˳ӿĺ棬ȴҶС³֡
˵ȴĿУһɫĹâӺзɳâȻҶСĻӺϳûȥԽ֮ϣ˶ʮ׵ľ󣬲Żֹͣơ
ҪֹͣʱһϢԶͥڣϢҶСͻƵ񹦵ĲʱֵЩϢڶ
ЩҶС绹ûдȥû뵽ʱ˿ȴԶ֣ĪϣԼɣɻ鿴ȥһҶСһ
ͥиֳһд֣ңĲ㣬سɴ硣
ҶС确⼸ʱ⼸ͻȻը˿ΪһͼֻһϣһģţȻߵĺÿһжʮԶľ룬ǵ߶ʱڵ·Լ־϶ӡļС
Ƿͼ·Լʶһ㣬֪ҶС罫ңĲسɴ˼УȻһ䣬һ𣬱һɫ壬ըѿһɫ֣ң鲽
ҶСոս⼸ּ⼸־һ𣬱һյͼֻһӰʱ˫̤Ȼθߣʱƽأߣһڤڤе𣬡쾳磬鲽Դﵽʱ֮ߵ
ӰҲй·ͼ;ϣҶСһײȷʵ̬ȻڶʱʵʥֲеֶΣǿ󡢿¡죬ҶСеۣײһ£ܲͳһ¡
ҶС罫ȵļɶºǸͼȻʧʱҶС֪ңĲΪʲôͻȻųΪʱǡþУҲϵ
оԼ½ҶСһŸղһͼǵģӰڿ̤¥ݵӡ
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ΣɹˣһȥĽ壬ͻȻθʮףһĿɿڴ
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һزߣǵڶȴôҲ߲ȥһΪ̫󣬶ǻû͸ѾˣҶС̧ͷȥƷߣһҪ¡
УҶСȭϼɣǧƾϼĵõˡ
һȭĻϵƲȥ۳һŭצĻǷĺȥ
һ֮£Ļ۶ĺƾȻɢȥƣջûɢȥĻϵĺƸǾҵķ췢ŭˡ
Ȼ䣬û˿ףһȸ첲ϸһͻȻ֣ҶСϣҶСһαĵ˺
ʱƱãĻϺʵʵĺĿ죬ɢҲ죬ûһӵʱ䣬ȫɢȥˣ¶ů̫ƸղŵһֻһΡ
𣿡ߵĽʯϣûߣվڽʯϣ·ȴʲôҲ˵ԼΪʲôȴ˵ղΪ˼ʶһ췣ôΪʲôأԼҲס
յƲɢȥˣ᰺ŷǧͬʱһȻҲЩţ֪ƲɢȥǴ췣ĽҶСǡ
췣ѾˣΪ˺ܶࡣ˵ȻתͷĿͶ˷ᰣﾯ죬еĶɱ޴Ϊⲿŵˣǲ޴ġ
޴һɻ֪ɫʲôղ׼ʱ䣬ҶС籧ŷǧǵľٶأҲûд򿪿
Ļᰴ˿ǻͲһаţǸںڵĶڸպöŷ裬Ͻ˿ߵߣᰣ̫ΣˣҸʾһ¡
˵ž׼ӷù᰸Ͻ˿һĿԼĸ磬ҪĻ㣬һʮ򡣡
󣬷һƣ˵ҺҶСղļ۸ǶʮھҪʮҲ̫˰ɣο㻹ҵð
ʮһֶʮС磬ʮָǧ᰽͵
ǣǶѾˡε˵
ڶˣ
һʱ֮䣬Ҳûʲô취ʱ࿪ˣ˵޴Ķ㻹ǽĺã䵽棬ĲȶĻǻֱӶ֡
𣬶ӳȰȰɣϽ˵ȻŤͷȰ˵ᰣ㻹ǽĺãǸ̫ˣĸ֣һСҲɥ㿴ǵǲ˺üǶ¡


706 ûôС
󣬷һû뵽ԼеǺڲĶȻô֯Щ˵ʵ֪һЩģ벻ôһ۵ĶȻɱôˡ
˼һתЩǲҲͲЩˣҪĻǰ참Ӿͷ˺ܶ࣬ţЩԲܹ
ЩСģҪ͵ȵСӺ˵˵ҶС̧˳Ȼ֪ҶСʵЩΣôҶСܱͨǿ
ɫ΢΢ЩȻҶСʵܹ³һЩǰʵҶС罻ҲǰοҶСɹ췣ʵɱӣѾǶˣ˵ǻҪǵ˭֪ʲôʱӺˮгѵһ첻㶼Ҫҵȴһ죿
ƽȴ֮
ŮˣŮ˺οΪŮ˰ʱһ̾Ϣ˼˶ߣûеȼ˷ӦͿһں˳˿ͧϣӰȻҶС硣
ʱһƬڣЩڲ֪ʲôγһӲĽʲ㣬һ㣬ͷֻдһ˫ҫžвܿ⻹ǸˣԵø⻬
ˣǷ᰺ŷǧЦ
ôˣô۹⿴ңı飬ҶСɻʵ
㿴塣ŷǧҶС¶һĨЦƽ˵
ҵ壿ɻ֮£ҶС翴ȥԼһƬڣŮӻҪϸۻļʱƱ˵Ļ
ҶСЦЦҸоûʲôתǲ㽹ӲʵĶѳѷ죬ѷӨӨ׹ҫ
ડҶСһƬǽڵĽʲһĶȫ¶ȳƵ塣
ӨӨâתŮӶ֪ϸٱһԵķ᰼ʲѣԭݻƵͷҶɢĻںī
ʱҶСͻȻ俴ͷᰵ϶ɳһĨΣ֪ʲô£ΪŮӱԼ˧ԵϹŵЦݣ˵ôˣûмô˧ˣ
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ҶСܲ׵Ŀ˿ִʱԼ壬ǸطҲ¶˳ֲŮ죬¶˶ˣҶС
ȿȿȡҶС磬Ҵ֪㻹áһЦĿҶС磬ͧϵҲĿͶҶС硣
һʱ䣬ҶС綼ֱȥѾǶˣٶ࿴Ҳν
ٺ٣λŮģѵûһĽ𣿡ҶСƤ˵ͬʱ贫㻹ҪЩĻͰϵɫ۸
ޣûмôġ˺ϼһҶСȻȥͷ
ҶСЦЦĵһ˾֪бġ
ûмôСġʱ˹ƳҶСǸطһۣƲƲ죬ƺЩмЩװģСжȹûм˵壬ʵ˵ҪǿҶС壬治֪˵徹Ȼӵģ֮Ի˵ҶСĺСЩǴӵϿġ
ĻҶС˫ĿһɣԼĳߴȻ˵־ްԼģǣѾСˣŮ˾Ȼ˵ԼС裬ǳ衣
˵ҵСˣµ˶·һȣ˭СҶСһ˵
㡭ҪʲôҶСվǰЩĻš
˵ҪʲôҪԣôСܲ㣿ҶС˵˸¶ǵĻϴŻЦݣȥ
ҶС磬㻹Ȱҵ·ϰɣҪȻ϶ƬʱסҶС罫ɫҶСĻС
ҶСӹ·ܿ˿мֻڶģһƣ˫һͽɫ۴ϡ
ȥɣմó۵ʱһͬʱһ糯ΪĲλȥ⻹˵ãҪǲⱲӵҸˡ
ҶСһʧˣ˷÷ơ
ӳǾȱˣǻҪ񡣡໹׼֣ϽĿкҶСþòա
ҪЩָŷеĺɫ˵
ֻҪǮλһжû⡣ҶСϴһ˿΢Ц˵
ãжʮôӿڴóһйеÿݸҶС硣
û⣬ᰣȡʮһѸǣһ͸ǵġҶСˬ˵ǸɫһʮѣԼİѾˡ
֪ѾǳԼˣǿһ𴳹¿ռԵʣҪȻ˼ֱҪҲֻܸϾôǲԵģֻԵҾԾܾ⣬ҡ


707 ƭ
ҶСÿҶС÷ȡʮһ˷裬ɺ˵İ£ͧͿ˽ʯ
뿪ʱҶС۽ƳһĨɫĿȥʱȴʲôûУҶСЩƣԼվȻ˻þʱӦûڽѧϰͲڴ˴Լˡ
ɸ߿գ˸ͷվգȥҶСпǧЩĽ֮ɫԼĶ
ĹھѾĪˡһͷ̾һ˵
ɲһ˭֪ǰ˴еһڻɳʲôزڵΪһͻˣʱ˭ʤ˭˵׼ʱһͷӵ˵
˲ɷϵĵ˵ͷȻҶСʵܹѹư˴һһͷһʲô˭Ҳ֪
췣һôͷӿżʵ
Ǹ̬ӵ޷ƵǱҪȻôʧѾõ췣³֣췣ĳ֣ԤʾؼĹ򽥽ڲȫڲȫûоͲ֪ˡһͷ˵
ҸоȫһЩڿռȶԱȸղ췣ǰҪΪȶһ֣ڻȶš
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һҶСܵ췣ı콵³ͷʼձܷ˸߳磬ûٸ߳ܶ࣬һ˿ܲץסҪԼˡ
˸ӵУΧĿռ΢΢ʧˡ
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ЩҶС綼ûȥ鿴˽⣬вٵĸּܣҪҶС鿴һ£ҶСûôȥϾʱޣҲһȥ
ҶСҪЩʱŷͷᰵĽŲ˹˫Ŀ
Ŵ򿪣˽ŷǧ·ЬȫݸҶС磬ҶС绻ϡ
ŷǧ·˻ҶСкܸжû˵л֣Ѵﵽͨľ磬ֻҪһͿˡ
ϽϰɣŷǧҶС˵
˿ˣҶСЩ˼ǵ˵ͷ˲һӵʱ䣬ҶССĳھͰ·ȫˡ
ŷǧҶСһװ˵˿װ⻰Ȼ٣ŷǧΪѡװʱҶС翴һʱĸҹӣһر׽ӽĸо
оôŷǧʵǻ۵Ŀ¶һ˿Ρ
۹ã·رʽҲϲҶС˵ͷ˵
ҶСĻŷǧ¶һĨ΢ЦĨ΢ЦаССҸ
лл佱ˣС磬㱻ƭˣſֻжʮ򡣡ŷǧÿҶС磬зĹâ


708 Ȱ
ʲôֻжʮû뵽ȻƭˣҶСޱƵ˵ʮͶʮΪŮǲƭ˵ģοǹ֯ЩԱĶӳ˵ȻһԾŶȴû뵽ȻƭԼ
ѵΪϵҶСЦһЦ
á᰺ݺݵصҶСһ۵׼ҶСǮ˳򼸼·ҿ˼ϻ۵ŷǧȲ鿴һ¿û뵽ֻжʮ򣬿ҶСôƭ˵ķҲû
ҿ˵ˣǲʲôطŷǧһЦĿҶС˵
ߣʲôԭһռ˼Ůӱˣ˼ˡһ˵ǳˬĿҶСһۡ
ӳûе㣬ôǸҹȥҶС粻֪Լʲôʱ˷ᰣǰʱȻϲԣѾ˺ܶ࣬ٲԼڲ֪̣רŸԼⲻȥ
ںӾƳһۣȻ󿪳ǰʻȥ
ҶСЦЦҲƽϣŤͷŷǧԼ˵˵һ顣
ŷǧĿһ⣬ϴŵЦ˵ֲˣҲѹƭ㡣
ҶСŷǧںĵúܿģһɴ⣬ԼҶСʶ磬ŷǧҶСܹʶĹϵڿߵһмΪĲȻ·ԼΪĶһ㣬Щ΢΢ŭ⣬Ҳ֪Ƕŷǧŭ⣬ǶҶСŭ⡣
ᰣɲһ·ȥһУʱһ·ڣҶС翪˵
ҶСƺᰣкãһ뵽ؼҵʱ򣬿ҶСŷǧڿڷĳ棬оЩˬ²˵ûգһһҪȥ֡
ûй䣬ǰʻȥʱͻȻЩڣڸղԼӦҶСһ̣Ѿ޲ˡ
ˣһ·ڣƹȥ
ŷǧǻ۵Ĺâӳǰľпᰵ飬֪ܲеأ΢΢̾һû˵ʲô
ƽҶСŷǧ֣λĺϣĿ񣬲֪Щʲô
Լʮӵʱ䣬᰿ͣһѧУſڣǱ۾ǣȻӲˣҶСĵ
ˡ᰿˵
ҶС۾˳һŸ̤ʱŤͷŷ˵ллЩȸұá
ǧ⼸һֱסڱ᰼𣿡ҶС罫ĿͶŷǧ
ţһֱڡŷǧ˵ͷƽ˵
ǺãһġҶСЦЦȥ˳š
׼㵽ҼҶС˷ᰵ
һ˷ߵĴڣǲҲˣĻǲᷴԵģٺ١
쵰ҪǸңҷļһﲻɡһСγ뿪ˡ
ȥСγҶСЦЦӨȥ
ڻԼĸ𣿡ϣŷǧŹâѯŷᰡ
˵ʲô˼ҲסŷǧĻװһͿ˵ЩĻţƵʼߵоܹ
ᰣͱװͿˣҲӱˣӵʱҪӵģһ仰޸𣿡ŷǧʳһ⡣
ҡһϾķԥҲ֪Լ᲻޸ˣеϲҶСϣǣҶСһЩܲˣһǲ֪ҶСǲϲԼǣҶСѾŮѵˣһͼŮӹϵǳںԼĺѶ˹ϵЩԽܣǣҪ˵Լ޸ˣһǧһԸ⡣
˵ǸصŮӣŷǧ˵Ĺ۵㣬ͬһŮӹͬҶС磬ǰɣַŲ£˶ҶС磬ǼȺְ
Ѿ֪ˣϲϲҪȥȡǸӢܵȥأŷǧȰŷᰡ
ϲǣѾŮѣǸ޷һ𣬾˵ڲͬԺܻȢܶţǣǧûһԹ𣿡᰷ʵ
УͱŮһȷʵЩԹޣǣһٶԹҲɢˡŷǧǻ۵Щ룬ǹҳһ˿Ҹ΢Ц
ᰣҲûбԺҶСһУô㲻ҪԼڣűľͿԡ
űģĬһ䣬۾¶һ˿ԻӣƬ̣Żָ˹¶һ˿ЦݣԼֻҪԼźˡ
ͨһЩ⣬üĳϻˣȻһЩûףѾˡ
С磿ôûȥϿΣڣӨڴɨͻȻ俴һӰ˽ҶСʱΪü΢΢һʵ
ӨƺЩˣҶСϽ˵Ө㣬ЩҪ죬˰ļ٣ģһһȡõһġ


709 Ľѩί
ûֻǾöĻ֮ףӦȥϧӨҡҡͷ˵ľйذɣҶС粻úȥ飬ĵЩ΢΢ʧȥѾԶΪ˹ȥڻˣԼѾܹˣǷϣҶСϣˣŻ⡣
֪ˣӨ㡣ҶСװ˵Ө˼Ȼֻ֪ϲϿζνֻҪԿĺþУ⻰û˵Өġ
ӨҲû˼ҶСı飬Ө¶һ˿֮ɫȻֽҶС籧˻Уһ̣ƽҶС統ĵܵܡ
˻ǵĻζҶСղܣ˫ֲʵ淭Өף׼һ˫ȥ
ӨƿҶС磬ϼڣĵҶСһۣ档
Ө̫ˣٺ٣Ө㣬Ҫȥ棿ҶС¶ЦݣȻ׼סӨ
ȥʲôʱһ˶ǳϤĽѩ
ҶСϵЦһȻָɫӨһˣҶСһۣƺ˵ղʹ
ʱĽѩûϳҶС磬ΪҶСȥʱ··ͲһȻӱӰϿƺҶС磬ǣûиóȻϣҪϴˣǾ̫ˡ
ѩôϿܹˣҶСתϴЦʵ
ҶС磬Ľѩһ㶣漴ϳһ˿ϲͼɫѿġ۵ĺ촽һ𣬿һίӣзӨỨ
ԼǸɵӣίˣԴӽҶС˵ȥ˺һֱϿζûмˣ֪ѧУſڵнһСʱ·̣ˣҶС˼٣һڿºҶСûлС·ϣҲûжܣȵڶڿʮӺȥΣкܷԽԽԾһˣôôʱ䣬ѵҶСǸŮ֮ʲôϵ
뵽ҶС緢һţѯҶСû˻أкܣǴûйҪǷֻҪһųȥһ֮ڿ϶յҶСĶţڡɲ롣
ŮɣҲ⣬ΪҶС米ŷǧչϿڼ䣬͵͵زҶСĵ绰绰еʾĵ绰ʱ޷ͨ
绰еЩţʮӣٴβҶСĵ绰ȻǵʱʶղԼƶ϶ǴģҪҶСĺǸŷǧʲôϵĻ绰ΪʲôͨҶСˣпܣϾǰô顣
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ʵڽдȥˣԼҪˣֻʣһˣ㱵Уţ׼ȥӨҶСû
ſڵʱҶСЩǵ߽ȥʱȴòƸİˣϣתʱǣҶǡĲѵҶС硣
ҶСû£һϲһҶСһзװʱһίΪҶС絣Ĳѵʱû뵽ҶСȴƷװϢҲĵ绰ԽԽίӨųĽëգ
ѩôˣ˭۸ˣĽѩһ飬ϵ飬ҶСһۣϽ߳һ˲Ľѩǰ˫ֽĽѩ˻УĽѩϵۡ
ҶСôһοĽѩίĿ
ѩˣԣң˭۸Ǽѩһúýѵһ١ҶСᶨ˵
ء۸ҡ㡭㡭Ľѩһ߿һСȭҶСš
·ǾҶС̫ӲˣķСȭʹ̧źݺݵزҶСĽţҶСһ˫ɫЬȵġ
ʱҶСûΪʲô۸ĽѩȻĽѩ˵ô϶дĵطʱȻǲǵģŮʱ̼Ϊ㣬һЩ޷顣
ҶСĬţƾĽѩйӺĽѩڷйˣҶС²һͱ飬̧ͷ΢΢׵۾һҶС硣
·еŭûзй꣬ҶСĸ첲ſҶСֱϺݺݵҧһ£ҶСϽڵҪȻĽѩǼƣ¶ܰҧ
һʹдֱϮҶСĵѾͷҧĻݡ
ҧжݣĽѩеίж
Ǿ쵽ҺĽѩɿ˿ڣ촽ѪҺʱҶСֱһƬѪģĽѩһһӣС磬Բ𣬸ղҲû뵽ҧ㡭
ûû£㲻֪ҵƤȽϺ𣿡ҶСЦЦһӡ


710 ú
Բ𡣡ҶСֱѪģһƬĽѩǺںۣͷ˱ҶСֱϵ˿ڣ˺þã̧ͷʵ𣿡
ˣеҶСЦЦ˵
Ľѩ¶ĨΣĵҶСһۣ˵ҶСå漴뵽ʲôһ㣬ɻʵС磬ѪҺôġ
˵ţߵ˿˿ѪҺһӾǸСħŮһЩаЩȻ̬
ôңҶС羪ȵĽѩɬʵгŨŨ⣬һ˿ɻ
ղŵӺر𡣡ҶС̾˵һֱĽѩжһ߸ϡʳǵĹ󣬵ǣղֶһҶСЩĹۣСħŮǱʡ
ϲǲϲĽѩŵʵΨҶС粻Ҫһ㡣
ȻϲˣôƯôܲϲأҶСǺһЦĽѩûһ覴õࡣ
ˣС磬㻹ûлشҵأѪҺôģĽѩʵںڵҶСֱĹâ
վſˣ¥ȥ˵ɣʱӨЦ߹˵ʱվſڣ˵ʲô»˵ʲô˶
Ө㡣Ľѩ˼Ľһղֻ˺ҶСģȫӨ˸һɶ
ղſӣӨһʲô飬û¥ȥ˵ӨϴŵЦ˵
õģӨ㣬һڸġϣĽѩҶСĸ첲¥ȥ
㲻Ͽȥˣһڿεġ˸˼ҶСŤͷʵ
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¥󣬾ɳϣҶС罫Ľѩӵ˻УĽѩҲûзȻĽҶСļ򵱳ͷ
˵ѪҺôģǲֲش⣿ĽѩضҶС˵һ㲻شҾͺûӡ
ѵ֪ҵڵĲﶼ𣿡ҶСĽѩߴһһЦĵ˵
ĽѩһƬԻ󣬵ҶСϵĻЦʱĽѩʲôһ㣬ϺηҶСšһ¡
ҶС˵ʲô˯һʱûٱƻΪ񣬶ζϤˡ
㣬ҵΪֽһ㣬ѪҺеȫų⣬ĸ涼ˣڵ˺ܶ࣬ѪҺյӪʶҵѪҺǸġҶСΪĽѩ͵µ˼ߵľ磬˱һڣΪӡ
㲻ǳɮˣĽѩŹâʵ
ô͵úҶС翴Ľѩ˵ѩʱûкúӽ쿪ʼһҪú֪̫ˣҲˣ˺ܶ࣬Ҫкܶ鷳Ļһ˱סˣô죿
ҶС飬Ľѩᶨ˵֪ˣԺһŬġ
⼸ε¼ѾˣÿζҶСΪ˵ǵİȫæǰæģܲζΪûõˣҶСİҪŬ
ͶԣúŹԣ㲻úУ˸ʮ꣬ȻôᣬѾ˻ţСҲҪˡҶС翪Ц˵
ҡĽѩĿһɡ
Ǹʱ򣬾ͲˡҶС̾һ˵˵ҲǣʱҴңϣϸʮܻȻϸʮأҶС绹˧СӣĽѩѾˣ˵ĸٺãҲŨ
Һú𣿡ĽѩҡҶСĸ첲װһ˵
úúáҲ᲻ҪġҶСЦЦ˵漴ɻʵˣѩղſʲô
ߣ㣬Ҹ绰ͨһΪʲôˣû뵽ȥ·ˣǲǺǸŷǧһȥˣĽѩضҶСʵ
ĽѩҶС绰ʱ򣬹ҶСѾ˵¿ռ䣬¿ռǿҵĴųֻû취ܹͨҶСͨ绰ʱ飬ҶС췣£еĶΪ˻ҽֻҲһ
˵ʲôΪһ£ҪңжˡҶСһθڵӣĽѩһӣȻѽ˵һ飬ȻҲֻǴŵ˵һ飬˵ԼʱоĽѩץԼĸ첲ýʶ֪ǶԼĵġ
С磬ӦңԺƵ飬һҪ˵ҪȻһصĵġĽѩĿҶС硣
һʱҲˣҶС³
˺٣Ө͹ţһֵĳŷˣӨ˵ֻҪÿܹҶС磬ˣĽѩ֪йعϵˣ˵Ĺϵرгദĺܺá
ҶСͻȻһ飬ȻĽѩôԼôʫأһ뵽һŮӣҶСǲԾЩۡ


711 ļ
ҶСĽѩֻʫţȻڷڽɾˣʱĽѩ֪ôŮ˵ĹϵʱδңҲ˵ڣһһ졣
оĽѩѾһ㣬ûʳǲƻĿǰƽ
С磬ǲȥ𣿡ʰ꣬Ľѩʵ
ȥˣʱѾˡҶСЦ˵һԵӨ¶˵Ц⡣
ðɣĽѩ˵ͷ
ϣֵϵƻͨڴ˾ȵĺҶС羲ɳϣûаϢƽε˯ߣʱû˴ţ鿴Űڳûв鿴ļ䡣
оƷȭȷȵȵ似󣬻ʣһݣûзǰ쵽һɼΪеϢ㶫ϢϢء
ҶС鿴ȥ˷ܣֱ̫˼ˡ
һΪ񹦵⼼ܣΪȻķǽԼѿѳɵϲŭ塢ޡ㡢ζʮڵڵ
ѿ󣬿ѡʮ츳ѣصҳ֮˼ԴڣҶСĴڣЩ˵ΪἱԴ㹻Ļ̶һʱﵽ춼⣬ȻǵΪٿ죬ܳҶСΪ
ÿ˿Եʮеһ֣ҳΪеʹߡ
Щʹյǵ֮ת󣬿ԺҶС໥Ҳ˵ҶСȫԲԼר򾳽磬ȾͻƺЩʹ߿ԽԼҶС磬ΪͬԴĴڣҲûʲôӰ졣
ôͬҶСʮĸһٶܱҶСһ˿ö࣬һҶСΪͻߣϾʵ̫죬˺ںٶȻܶ࣬ʹߵİٶȲܹǰٶȡ
ȻҲһ޴ȱ㣬ȱǶЩʹ߶ԣΪֻһУеƽⱻƣǵֻ¶
ЩҶС˫Ŀһ˿ԥ֪òýܴ¡
룬̫ˣгԼ⣬ûһ֣ʵ˵ǰ
ɽǸռе˿е֪٣ٲŬΧ˵Ϊµʱ򣬺ڶˡ
ڣΪߵľǹĸˣǵٶҪ쾳绹һʱ䣬ǵĵطṩҩƷҲҪʱ䣬Ȼ֣ǱṩҩҺĻΪܹߵĺܿ죬ǣҩҺҪõѶȷǳҶСȲôʱ䣬˭֪ĸֻô
뵽ЩǾܴȥǿʵȻĸȥѧŹһвȡԸ
ôģΨһĵľӴĺ쳾֮ΪҶС粻ǴһؿʼĻ̫ˣʧȥЧӦõЧ
룬ҶС۾һ뵽³ЩѪɷʯѪɷʯھ̺żΪĿЩЩʹߵʵͻܿ
ĶжҶСһͳ˴ǰ򿪴ӣһ䣬ŶǱߴѪɷʯĲֿɳ۶ȥҶСΪٶҲ˺ö౶Լӵʱ䣬͵˲ֿǰ档
޴ĲֿغţʱҶСΪȫûбҪǸˣԷΪѣҪɱ練ƣҶС粻ݾߣòиѵͶôԾĹأ
ʱֿŹرţҪϢĽ룬ͲܣҶСĵĵȴţȴЩѪɷʯĳ٣֪ÿ϶гѪɷʯ
ˡҶСȴһСʱʱ䣬ڵȵһ󿨳濴󿨳ļΪʵͿʲô룬֪ȫľӣľжѪɷʯ
ֿ⻹е룬ȥĻƱػԷע⣬ΣҶСϰ취һٶȼ죬ͬ˴󿨳棬˺ΪһƽߣƮ˴󿨳棬ץס̣Ϳһ𵽴˲ֿſڡ
ˣڸľӵķȡҶСʶϻ߸ˣЩһǾܹѵˣǿȲںصߣڲûκε
Լ˰Сʱʱ䣬һѪɷʯͱȫ˲ֿ⣬Щ˲û뿪̺ˮϢͣذһѪɷʯȻˡ
֪ЩҪڵʲôʱ򡣡һ̾һ˵
˭֪أأֻҪǵˣһ»ӶͶá
˵Ҳǣ˵󣬾ҪˣҲ֪ǲġ
ģûпǵĲֿⶼĻЩأ
ҪͶˣûйϵֻҪǮУǺǡһƤΪͭɫĺ˵ˬһЦ


712 ټź
һʮˣ̺ȾϢһڲֿתһȦȷһ󣬾׼뿪ʱҶС綯ˣ廯Ϊһ磬˲ʹӳ׳˲ֿڣŵֻһ΢紵ò⣬Ͳ֪ҶСѾȥˣԶػǸΪİҲûз֡
ֿĴŹغ֮ҶСҶСе벻ͨΪʲôǲò泵Щľ䣬ˡ
ҡҡͷ벻⣬󿨳¡¡ߺҶСǰȥֿر󣬹ʮ׳ȶҡ
Ѿ˲Ѫɷʯˣ治֪³»ж٣ҶСһ̾ղʱ鿴һ£ѾװֿˣҶСڵĲֿǵֿ⣬˵ȻѪɷʯԽԽĺãҶСͿոΪʹΪˡ
ҶСǰʮ׵ľĿбɫĹâǹâ貶Ϭֱһһ׸ߵľڡ
𣬲Ҫɱҡһ΢𶯣һ漴һĨ׹ͬһһڣɰɫĹâ۳һŮӵٻӰɫ⽫ΧһƬռӳĺͬŮ䡢Ʈ졢áʳ˼̻
ŮǶź꣬ʱһ壬ʱ䲻Ѿָ˹ЩӣӣѪɷʯڵ
źҶС磬һľ֮⣬ҶС罫ˣᱡһƬëһƮƮ
һֱҶСʵ
ţǰһֿģǸ˲ˣֿܵ⡣źС˵ҶС罫
ҶС˵ͷʱǸ˾ֿԶˣʹеСС춯ҲоϾûһŵۣͣԼʶ鿴ΧһС
һ۶ź꣬ҶСǰȥͬʱʶ鿴һľеѪɷʯ
ι㲻ΪɱҶģҶСҪߵֿ⾡ͷʱźõľƮ˾ҶС׵ĵطɻʵ
Ϊ㣿ǺǣҪɱ㣬ͲˡҶС˵ףľôô
ҶСһɻ󣬼ǵõһμźʱȻľҫŰ׹ⲻǰ׹ȴŴĺǶеԹޣڣľ崿ϾֱŮת
ⶼ㣬ҺҲҾڵԹԲҵĽգлл㡣ź꺬һЦ˵ʳ顣
ǽҶС磿źĿҶСҶС粻ģĵӴ
ǰҶСЦЦӱ֮ɫҪź̬͸ǣɾޱȣͿʲô
㡭۹ÿ¡ҶСĿ⣬źƮһ룬˵ıܣҶС磬ʲô
һѪɷʯеҶСһЦ˵һԼֱӷϣ̤һľϣվţ˶źһۣȻ˫ĿΧľѪɷʯе
ֲǾ壬ôҲأź뵽ҶСƭ
ʱͻȻܵһǿҵǹҶСΧĴľڷģֻɵѪɫľƮҶСƮȥѪɫҶСʱϲ֪жëףͬʱһǹҶСΧѪɫյڣ˾
ʱڵѾˣˣÿһ˿ͻὫ֮ЩֶηӡϸС
ΣźһԾû뵽ҶС羹ȻܹѪɷʯеĶ̫ˣѪɷʯڵĶͲؼľһаۻ֮ΪǾԭ򣬵ҶСΪʲôܹգͲ֪ˡ
ЩֶΣȻܹңôЩҲ޿ɺǡ
£ҶСΧѪɫԽԽ࣬ԶĿĻͻῴҶСǱһ޴Ѫ
ҶСٶ֮죬Χ֮㣬źʮֵ𾪣ҶСѪɷʯٶȹƶϰٱ
ʮʱ䣬һӵѪɷʯҶСٶȵĻòʮʱѾὫһֿѪɷʯȫյ⻹ҶС͵ԵʣΪ´ݾߣҶСţֻҶСΧ׵ķΧĲط͸ܲ
ҶС˶źз⣬֪һκûᣬһƮƮҶСߣüĿҲЩѪɫ
ֿһƬƽ֮УǸ˸Ͳ֪﷢֪ǵð˭뵽ģȻƤӵ´Ѫɷʯע⡣


713 Сʱ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶСЩƵѪɫȫڣûЩѪɫգź¶һ˿źҶСһֱȥܹܿЩԼõҲӵʵ
ʱҶСϵâЩâʧҶС˫ĿԼһɶɫâļµ
ʱҶСȫܹӡĵطѾﵽ˱ͣҲ˵һ˿ɽȥ
ˣźõ¶˲õЦݡ
ջͦḻģҲʵ˲٣ùźϰ׹˼֣ҶСǺһЦ˵
лл㣬մĸźм˵
ã׼һֱҶСŤͷʵ
ţȵҲ̫ʱڳȥź˵ͷ
Ǻðɣʱ䲻ˣҲûȥˡҶС˵ͷ˵һһֿſƮ
ȵֿſʱ˫ĿųõĹâǿľӵڲȻ򿪣ûзһ˿ҶСչʶ鿴һǸˣڱĿ񣬶ҲſڣǣĴţһʧˣʧʱ򣬸ź괫һ仰æá
ҶС뿪󣬶źһ˿įǾ̬˲ģͬ»һƮ䣬оøĹ¶磬һ˵磬һЦһ˿ޣû˷飬ֻҶС绹˵һỰԼǸˣԶҶСߣڶ֪Լ̬Ϊʲô
ĿһҶСȥķ򣬶źеŹˣˡ
ҶС磬ղŽȥʲôˣҶСǰɱͻȻ䣬һݵҶСߡ
Ѱķȥֻһµվһ¥ϣ߻ŮӣŮӶֵµˡ
࣬ҶСгһĨЦ⣬תȥվǰ㰡Ѿ賿ô˯
ղȥֿʲôȥˣûлشҶС⣬ɫĿҶС˵
ֲţƾʲô㣬˵ˣû뵽ùⲿŵĶӳȻƭˣ㻹Ƿһٰʮ򡣡ҶС粻ˬĿࡣ
ҶСĻһ˿˼ЩŭϾƭҶС磬ʱҪȴûǮֻó²ߡ
ʣµЩǮǰˣҵĲ൭˵
ɣǳǮأһεŮҲٿ飬ҲΪܣһʱ䣬Ҫһٶ򡣡ҶСޱƵĿ˵
û֪ǹⲿŵˣʱǽǮ˷Ѳ𡣡Ƿһ˿ȣҶСԱǳġ
ãһ£˷һӶǮҶСƽʵзһĨ֮ɫ
һһ򡣡˵һ䡣
һһǰɣھСʱʱ䣬һٰʮܰСʱûʰɣҪͬĻھȥҶСϴŻЦݿ˵
ҶСĻŮӣҶСŭĿӣĿо޲ҶСɱˣ֪ԼҶСĶҲûж֡
˵ʲôٸ˵һΣнɫâת·ֻҪҶС˵һΣ͸Ҷ֡
ô붯֣ܴù𣿡ҶСϴЦ˵
Ȼرջûж֣֪ʵѹƲסҶС磬ֵĻһҶСˣҪʲôĻͳԿ
ûжǮ´һỹġĬһ˵
ðɣҾһΡȻ˵ģҶСѹû˵ĻѾƭһΣѵϵڶε˵ҲֻɶԼľ衣
ҶСĻһҶСţҪһٰʮǮղڲֿʲôأѵĶҲȤ
û½ȥѵ𣿡ҶСЦЦ˵
װͿˣʲôѵ֪𣿡Цһ˵
֪Ѫɷʯʲô𣿡ҶС翴ʵһı顣
ֻ֪ǷҪһѪɷʯߡҡҡͷ˶٣ü˵ҴӹϵǲһЩѪɷʯа֮أ̺ܹӰ˵ľ˵ʱ˼ƻѪɷʯһûгɹǼʲôͲö֪ˡ
˼һҶС翪˵֯𣿡
˵Ƕ֪ǽֶٴˣһǿ֯ǵɲ⡣
ӦѾ֪ˣЩѪɷʯǰҪĶ׼ѪɷʯһȻ˵ģǲҾͲ֪ˡҶСЦЦ˵
Ҳ˵ܷ֯񡣡ǴӢüë΢塣
ˣʱҲˣټҶС˻֣˵Ȼ׼뿪ͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ĵط


714 ǿ
ҶСɫ䣬ϽתȥʲôûУоɲѣ֪ô¡
ʱҶС綯ˣ¶һĨЦһǰӵ˻УʱܵҶСĶﻹ֪ܲԼҶСƭˣϽŤͷĿǷŭ֮ɫ
׼˵ʲôʱҶСͻȻͷĺ촽̽أ˱һỬС࣬ȻϽ뿪
ԺһƬհףûзӦֱҶСߺŷӦ˹Ŀнɫâųޱƽ˵ҶС磬һμˡ
ȻƽɱȻ
ٺ٣ʵһԿأһٰʮһǣ׬ˡҶС޳ܵ
һǣҶСԤı˺ܾã֪ǾòỹǮģЩǮˮƯ绻һǻ㣬Ǵ뷨˸ղŵһĻ
ҶСص¥ʱ򣬷ĽѩȻɳϣǰҹѰҶС죬ǼҶСûڣ˯ɳϣû뵽һȾһϡ
ѵףĽѩıѣһʵ˯£ҶСսĽѩڻĽѩ˹һŵҶСζŽԴҶСϡ
ղŸʲôȥˣôôĽѩһǷʵ
ղųȥȦģû£Ͻ˯ɣҶСĸĽѩµ㷢顣
šĽѩɵĵ˵ͷ˫Ŀһ˯ˣһ˿˿ȵĺˡ
ڶ죬ҶС߽ңͬһĨɫâһΪ˺ܶ࣬Ѿ͸ҶСΪˣֻǴҶС̺ȵϿġ
ҶСΪͻƺ󣬾ͳصԼΪʥһ£ûһܹʹţɢҲû֪Ϊ׵ʲô硣
ɢĵζȻʣǴΪˣǶŮĿȴǼ˲٣ҶСЦһЦԼλϡ
оҶСеĲƽ¶˭Ҳûо쵽˵Ļȡ
ҶСó飬׼ģһҶСУʱͻȻоԼĺۣΪˡ
ǺʫΪûϿǰͬѧǶڳʵĶصڽңʫ˵ĻҲûüȻ˴⡣
ⲻǺúõ𣬱ˣúö飬´ΣҲ㵣ˣڱģ߿ʱ䲻ˣϣܹһ𿼽ȪнͨѧҶС˵
һῼϵġʫɫᶨ˵
ʫ㣬ɱ̫㣬㿴㣬˺ܶࡣҶС۵˵
ûݣʫҶС磬гһĨ
ҶСεЦЦô㻹ҪúչԼķʵڲоҸ˰æҪȻ̫ˣѧȥ󣬻Ҫæ
û£Ѿϰˡʫҡҡͷ˵
ҶС΢΢̾һû˵ΪĽŲѾ˽档
ҲҿҶСʫҩҺʣҴѧҪЩ綼۵ſˡ
ͬѧǺáߵ̨ϣеĽ̰ʹӡһЩϷ˽ϡ
ʦáһһЩ˯ͬѧ˾
Ķᴩһɫ泱ףһǳɫοë£Ըжģг˻롣
Ŀһ۽еͬѧ˵ѧҲûжˣǵĵһָϰҲҪˣǺú׼һЩɣӭĩԵĵεĩԺһͳڱ׼ʱڴ⣬οҪǷϾܹжĸ߿ϣͬѧܹԴ
һεĸϰʱ䣬ϣͬѧǲҪ٣ÿһڿζҪޱȣ˵ڿݾǸ߿Ŀ⣬˭Ҳ˵ϡ˵ĿⲻɲĿҶСһۡ
󣬶ͿʼԾϣ᲻ͣҶС⣬רźҶСⲻȥһ㣬ͬѧǶˣרҶС鷳ģһЩֻЦݣҶСԱ߳Կоƽһ㡣
Ӣν󣬶ҶСһۣȻ߳˽ҡ
߳ȥҶС΢΢̾һѧڵʱķǳ죬ûо쵽һѧھͿҪˣڿ¾ͳҲһµʱ䣬Ϊһʹ¿ˣܶѧУùĿ
糿ĽڿΣҶС綼һҲǰݡ
ѧҶС罫Ľѩ͵ĽѩĿȥһĴӪʻȥûҪȥһ£ǸǷô죬ǸܹɹĻͻʮ֡
١߽ȥǰ̨ƯС㣬ĽһСǡ
ҶС΢Цŵ˵ͷȻֱ˶㣬ºûУȥһЩˣֻй
ºƴһ绰ҶС˳ºõİ칫ڵȴĵվһԣǹ֮ɫ


715 ĳԱ
ȴ˴Լӵʱ䣬ºҶС罫ĿͶ˹Ƭ˵ʱˣýĸ֣Ҵһ׽ӰԺú׽ʵ
лл١ҶСĻĿзһ⣬һм֮ɫ˵
ȥᡣҶС˵һ䣬Ȼͺ˫ĿӰͨڵ֮ħִڸ
Լһӵʱ䣬ҶС˫Ŀ³һתһͻָˡ
ʱҲ˫ĿǳȵĹâҶСǹˣ٣ҹˣʹҲһüͷ
Ǻǣ˵ôأ㣬ҪȻҲὫ׽ڸ㡣ҶС˵
ʱ칫棬һæĽŲ𣬺ʣŲǳºơ
١º˽ҶС繧˵
ºƣǰһʱѡЩԱôҶСʵ
ǵΪѾ˺۷ˣŹ˶þͿؾ硣º˵Щ΢΢Ժ֮ɫ·Լʲô˲һ㣬Ҳǣܿʮͨ˴ﵽ˺ؾ磬ȷʵеһ˿˿˷ܡ
̫ˡҶС̾һ
⻰ºƿΪҶС佱һû뵽ҶС绹Ǿٶ̫ˡ
ܵҶСЦЦ˵ⲻ㣬ʱ̫ˣǵȲˣ»ʲô鷢
˵꣬ҶС̾һ˶٣˵ºƣЩ̭˵ĺԱ
籣˾Ǳߣô˷٣ºɻʵ
˾ʱϲϣһһҪȥϿΣЩԱɣҶСʵ
ţǾﲻԶͷ״עһҼУڸǵݡº˵ŵ⡣
һλɶõ˲šҶСЦЦ˵ߣȥУЩ顣
˵꣬ҶСȥºƿųҶС͹ˡ
٣֪ʲô飿ºʵǲʵģȴȷЩ棬ѵԼˣǴʣ˳
Ҫʮˣһ׹ھʲôһ֪ˡҶС˵꣬ͺ˫ĿһָĪĸо
ΪԼʲôҶСȥҺĳԱˣºһиɻˣ֪ҶСҪʲô
һӵʱ䣬СγͣУſڣУǸֽΧǽпĳأѾ̺ˣҶС翴вѧܶ඼ѧ
Уһĸ¥¥Щƾɣ濴ÿھһյԿڲĻͦõġ
ڳºõĴ£˲ûȥУڲ߽Ƕ¥һҸڣ󣬴һСŽ룬ʱһͨµ¥ݣѵҲеҲɣҶС
Լ½ʮףǰһɫĴţſīɫװӣɢϿǵΪѾ˺ؾ硣
٣Ƹ硣ӼҶСͳºƺ󣬹˵һȻɫĴš
һ򿪣һʹ˳һԼİƽ׵ĵңмһ̨ʱ̨Űӵھһ˵۽ǶѪˣԾɢ
ҶСǴȭģҵλþǸУ¡
٣ǷƵ³ǮһطЩԱһѵºƸҶС͵
ҶС˵ͷ̨ǣǴĺţȭһΪ˴̼Ϊ˶Ǯ˱ԣѡ֧ǸӮȱѡˣôձʣǮ
һҵˮҶСЩͲЩӰ˵飬ԲŽһзֽºȥ
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ĵΪѾ˺졣ҶС絭һЦĿģûбϣ뷨ĵΪܹѾˣû뵽Ȼôࡣ
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ܹܵĽѩɢУޱ֮飬ôĽѩġ


720 Ľѩ쳣
ĽڿιĺƽĽѩûеƤԶǦЩҪ֪ƽʱĽѩϲһЩĶһ£ǽ췴ޱȡ
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ˣѩһ˸㣬żٺҪȥȪһˡҶС籧Ľѩ˵⻬ϸļ˵
ȥȪиʲôĽѩԴһ̧°ͳҶСϡ
ޱЩҰæҶСʵʵ˵Ȼû˵ޱȥμflashҪ˵ˣĽѩ
ŶʲôʱĽѩʵ
ӦɣҶС˵ʱûмľܿ㣬˳ȥ
ðɣɲҪʲô˼ҪȻҾͰšߡĽѩָһҶСǸλãв
Ȼᣬֻѩ˼ҶСɫԵĿĽѩ˵
ߣĴܲ˵ôĽѩҶСšһ˵
ﻨˣҿˡ
Ƥ񡣡ĽѩҶСһۡ
ǲĺܺ񡭡ҶСסĽѩС֣Լϡ
Ǻܺ񣬱ȳǽ񡭡


721 Ȫ
⺮䣬д̹ǵĺ紵ů̫Ѿ㵽Ʋ·Ϻܶ˶ΧΧʱһ㶬ӡ
ѧҶСȽĽѩͻԷ԰ҶСĽѩӨ꣬һиӦĽѩʱûлؼˣȥ
Ľѩؼҵʱ˳ų⣬һСʱʱ䣬ѧУſڣҶСֱչԿ쵽˼µٶȣޱȣʱԼǷѧʱѧУſġ
ҶС˾ѧУſڲԶСͬڣûˣҪߵѧУſʱѧУſڵٻӰ߶ֲͣشţðŰһ
ӰǵȴҶСһСʱޱ
һ׻ɫë£һţп㣬ŵһ˫ʮɫСƤѥǳĿɰ
ҶС缱˹ȥЩۣû뵽ޱȻںеȴ֪Ӧøһţܶ
С磬ˣҾ֪һġҶС˹ޱ˲õЦݣСӶͨ졣
ǸѧУſڵôʱ䡣ҶСһǸ˵
û£ֻҪˣҵȴáޱϴǳǳЦ˵
Ҹղѩؼˣһʱ䣬ھ߰ɣҶС˵
·Եһ⣬ȻվʻȥڳϺޱıҶСĸ첲һǵӡ
ܵޱЩ΢ĲҶС֪ղޱѧУſڵȴʱˣסޱС֣һҶСƷޱڵĺ
ޱȵĿҶС磬ҶСܹץסֿļˣһ˲䣬оһȵҶСзһȦůģ֪ôһ£ҶСûнͣҲûжʡ
ѵСıԭ
ޱ˺ҶС׼ջֽ֣ıޱץţҪӲߵĻЩĲ̡
ҺþöûˣϣһܹԶޱԴҶСļϣһҸ˵
ҶСû˵֪ԼͲܸޱŵʲôϾѾˣȻ飬߳Ľѩ⻹кʫˣҸʫǳŵޱЩų⣬ΪİܵȾԵʡ
μӱĵطҶСʵ
ȪеӿƼѧڣȪϤ𣿡
ϤһΡҶС˵
̫ˣСһûȥȪУȥ˺ҹһȦʲôޱ˵˵
ҶС˵ͷʾͬ⣬漴˫Ŀź쳾֮ͻƺպ쳾֮Ҳ֮󣬷Բ֮ڵк쳾֮ҶС˹
糿һڿεʱҶСڷӡѾָ˾ųɣƸϵվӦÿȫָ
߾Ҫÿʱÿ̱Լ۷ת̬Է
Լ˶ʮӵʱ䣬⳵ʻվΪеһվȷʵվſڵ飬ֱǲμĳʢһ㣬Ƕ붼ڣվأΪվͻվţ˲Żôˡ
³⳵˶ʮҶСޱվȥƱ˲Ǻܶ࣬Ͼǵ
Ʊϳһ˲ӵʱ䣬пȪͳĺλãޱֻһҶСʲôûдҲðѶڻϡ
˳ޱҶС磬رҶСĸ첲
Ϊޱڳ⳵С˯һԵʣ˴ͳԵþʮ㣬һ·һ߿ķ羰һߺҶСš
һȪеʱѾһЩλûǺء
ͳȪƫʡվ³ȪеӿƼѧλȪϱߵѧϣȫǺԺУʲôͨѧʲô̴ѧʲôѧȵȶϡ
һСʱʱ䣬ȪУûй֣ҶС׼ȴޱȥȪеӿƼѧڹһȦϤϤȻѧУҸס޵ĵطʱͲˣʡˡ
վϱѧϵĹر࣬˸࣬ÿһļޱȥҶС鷳һӵһ⣬ޱҶС绨Ǯִţ֪ԼƸܼһ㡣
ѧУ԰ţ·Ϊڵľߴ׳֪˶ٸ
ߵѧУ԰УҶСܵһڲ֮ͬһĻϢѧ˻ĵδһĻеľ
ѧãԺ޹˼ɵԼ顣ޱ·һʯϣһŮͬѧһͬѧϣ˵ļţһ̾ҶСĸ첲һǵӡ
ǺǣӦɣҶСЦЦ˵


722 Ůġ
ѧ̸ıȽձ飬ռٷ֮ʮϣʱͬѧǶֻһĿģǾǿѧû˼ĺ٣ÿ༶ҲֻôԶѡ
ЩĴѧǣҶС΢΢̾һǵҶСܵã¶Щԭ򣬴ѧ̸űȽձ顣
ѧǺã޾ΧһԶǣֵ£ޱ̾һеУ԰Уâӵȵȡ
㲻ֻǿһѡҶСҡҡͷ˵
棿ѵѧãޱɻʵ
ֻ˴ѧǱķ⣬ȴûпĶ䡢塣ҶС˵
ѧ߸̨ҲԴȪΪѧûĿ꣬û˷򣬲֪ҪʲôҪʲôɻѹ壬¡
еʱе˶һͬĿ꣬Ǿǿϴѧÿ˶ΪԼĿȥܶȻۣǣÿ춼úܳʵȿ˴ѧ󣬲ŷ֣ǰѾû˵·Ŀ겻֪ںηÿĻӡ
˼ǾͲҪϴѧˣޱʵ
ȻǣؼҪ˴ѧ󣬸ʲôʲô㲻ԼĿͷôһ󣬿϶һֻӵһǣѾľ
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ѵ˵ĲԣҶСЦЦʵ
ԣûϹѧô֪е뷨ޱҶС糪񵱳ʱ龰
˵ܹеļį¶𣿡ҶСϴŵ΢Цޱʵ
šޱǶûпǾͼᶨĵҶСһ㶣һЦ˵֪㲻һˣղڳҵֵʱ򡣡
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ԴҶС粢ûнʲô˽ӿƼѧ˸󣬰ձ֪ͨϵľλãҵޱĽңǽţֻ濴˿뿪ˣϾ΢ȫǵԣƽʱʱ򣬵ȻҪˣҪȻ˭
Ҫסĵط𣿡߳Уźޱʵ
ţǾѧУſҡҶСЦЦվѧУſڿ˿ʮ״һҾƵꡣ
ߣһҰɣǹȥҶСޱǼҾƵȥ
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װ޵ĻЩСֻһ䣬Ȼϴԡ豸һŴ󴲣һ̨ӣһ̨ԣһӺӣʣĿռҲʮƽ
㿴ðҪ־Ƶ꣬ʡһǮޱĿҶСһۣΪҶС绹ǺǰʱǮޱġ
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ĻȻãǣ̫ˣǻǽʡһȽϺá
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С磬ܲұ㣿ڴϣޱĿҶС硣
ޱҶС绹ǵ˵ͷĵֻǱһûʲô
ҶСͷޱ󵨵ҶСϣرҶС硣
ҸоԼҸԶǣ֪Ѿˡޱĵ˵
ҸˣȴˣҶСޱΪһ޻һ㣬ǵ㣬ҶСǣ⻹ؼģΪؼǣޱϣֱֵܲӲ
оҶС仯ޱϸֳĨߵĺΣǲޱ㱩ߡ
ޱʱ仹磬ȳȥɣҶС籧ޱϽԼһƲסԼޱʲô顣
㻹ǺǰһɵɵģľͷʲôŮӵ˼ޱԹĿҶСһ˵
ԼɵҶСһƣֻǲԺΪѣԲŲޱһչЩҶС緢ϵŮ֪ޱĻЦ
һ߳˱ݣޱǺ͸ղһرҶСĸ첲ϴſĵЦݣƽղŵĲˡ
Ҫȥ䣿ҶСʵ
ﶼУֻҪ߾㹻ˡޱһƬ
ҶСװûпڵȥĹһȦ
áޱ˵ͷ
ȥģû⣬ޱãΪѧУſڵվȥĵĹ
·ϵ˺ܶ࣬ʮӵʱ䣬ŵġ
ĺ󣬸оû˼˸ֽˮ⣬Ǹֽˮࡣ
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ˣֻҪҾСޱһһ뵽ҶСһǸѧûжǮҡҡͷ˵
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ǲҪˡġ
ʱ֨һɲһɫܳͣǰ


723 ľܿ
Ǯɫ¼ֵһǧҶСһ̾ͬʱĿͶ˹ȥ뿴˭ȻὫֱͣǰ
ʱŴ򿪣һ˫ɫƤѥӳƽˮϣ漴һӰ˳
һȻµŮӣźɫĴйŵ͵ķ£Ҫкɫ˿ס˿ͷϵɺᣬĺɫһϥǴ޳ȴһɫƤ㣬ٻˣ绪
㡭ŮӣҶСгһĨ⣬¶˷֮ɫû뵽ﾹȻľܿ㡣
ҶСҩҺִʱȫһλʮŮŮӣһλʮճͷŮӡ
ǣ˫ĿдŹ˻ǵȻһһЦ䣬Ȼʧɫ̧ߵʱ䲻ΪѾ˺أٶʵܿ졣
Сܵܣþòˣû㣿ľܿһһ˹˵ÿһ䶼̺ϵͬ赸·Ժö˶פֱͣͣһλŮ
Ǹ꾫ľܿޱƺܲƲƲ죬ôò˼ұϵʸ߳һǰ㣬ЩйԼ˼Ҹ޷Ƚϡ
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ã㳤̫ƯˡޱĽһЩĽ֮ɫ
СҲúƯľܿϹΪ֮ԵЦݣŤͷ򣬡С磬Ҳ׼ȥ򼸼·һ߰ɣ
ðɣľܿ㶼˵ˣҶС˵ͷûپܾ
ԵһᡣľܿҶСǸһЦȻ󽫳һҾƵǰͣλϣ˹
߰ɣľܿ˵ҶСһֻ첲һʮǵӡ
ҶСһһұŮŸ첲·ϵĺܶ˶ʲѣ뽫ҶСһ߿ԼҶСλá
쵽·˵Ŀ⣬ҶСЦѡ
ľܿĴ£˹˰˼Ҵͷװǣӷװ߳ʱҶС߸ϴȫ·ҶС·ֻһĶľܿޱġ
Ź˼̳;úۣԺҪ߶߶ľܿ˵Ȼתͷޱޱã𣿡
šޱ˵ͷȻľܿҶСôãЩ⣬ûбֳοղ˼һ·أ
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ľܿ㿪ųҶСޱԼ˶ʮӾ͵ĻҶСѾһˣϤޱȴûμôûʡŵĵطЩţľܿСΪһУزޱ
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ǰɣľܿЦȻʱʱĿҶСһۡ
һ˾ȻôôĻǲ򵥰ޱ΢΢һ̾˵Ľ֮ɫľܿѾ´ϾܿóһǳƷλˣҲһǳǮˣһЩ룬ľܿĻشĵȻˡ
ôʡƷλнǮŮӣҶСôʶأҪ֪ҶСľܿȪѵС类ˣͻȻ뷨
鲻ǲܣϱĴŶˣ˵ǸǸ˧걻Ǹűˣôô
ľܿĻһٷٴһ󣬿ɫˣҶС˵㣬ʱ䲻ˣޱȥ컹Ҫμӱ
Ҫϴһޱȥľܿ˵
㣬ˣ˵ͺñһǻȥĺáޱľܿ˵ϴŵЦݡ
ðɣǡȻҶС£˶ô˵Ҳֻͬ⡣
㣬Ͳ鷳ˣȥˡҶС˰˵ͬʱ㣬Ұޱͻȥ
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һ⣬˿ҶС粻ľܿĻޱرĿģԴҶСĻУһҸӡ


724 
صܵʱѾϾŵˣҶС罫еϴϣޱϵɫеƺЩšЩڴЩϲ
ޱ˯ˣڵӿƼѧſڵ㡣һжȫҶС˵
ʲôҪߣҶС˵Ҫ뿪ɫһ䣬ոЬӶûдͼ˹ҶСĸ첲ôҪȥ
ҵҸס¡ҶСЦЦ˵
˯£ô󣬱ߺòã㲻ڣһ˴˯ţҺ¡ޱ˵֪ҶСȥĻ϶ҸطסޣԻȥǸľܿ㣬ĵĹУ֮ϵ뵽һ£ҶС˵Ҫ뿪ϾȷҶС붼Ůйϵ
ǡЩ㡣ҶСһΪ֮ɫղѾӦľܿϹȥģޱı飬Щġ
һŮӴһİݵķ䣬ҲȷʵЩģһ˻ˣǲǺ˼𣿲ѾӦľܿ㣬һʱԥѡ
ûµģŮҶ¡ޱ˵зſĹâ
񹦵ҶС統ȻܹޱȷʵЩ£ȻЩᡣ
ðɣ˫ڴҶСһҧ˵ͷһ׳ҡӢ¸ӡ
ллС硣ޱһ˫۾žӨỨѩźһĸ첲סҶСĲӣҶСһڡ
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ȥ㶫þãΪ˴֮ҶС翪˵Ȼȥ
ޱΪҶСҪߣϽסĸ첲һŵ˵ǲ׼һ뿪
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ҡޱ˵˻ҶС磬ǣлǺҶСһܵҶС綼˵ˣ϶ܸȥˣ㣬ȥء
ҶС˵ͷ˳ȥ
ҶС˳ȥޱ¶һ˿֮ɫղ˵Щģȷʵһסﺦ£۾еᣬûһ˿ٵĳΪֹļƵŮӡ
˴һӺ󣬷·뵽ʲôϽǰ¿ȥǵӿƼѧǰˮ·棬ұݵһĽֵǸд壬ΪѧԵʣرķҶС϶ˣһʱᾭ档
Լٹһӵʱ䣬ޱһ˴ӣչһ֫оЩˬܽȽ䣬ڽһԵʣһĺоԼЩճޱһ⣬ϷɳĨΡ
ҶСʱѾһӺˣƿŵʱ򣬾ڴ˻ˮһӰë͸ʣòˣ˲롣
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ҡҶС˵ȻһͰȪˮһʳһˮϣ˴ߡ
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ˡ
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⼸ֺû¿ɸɵҶСϵŵȵȡ
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һŴ򿪣ޱ˳Χһɫԡ㷢ëţ¶ļӨӨˮ飬ŶʵĹâһ˫޳ϸԲҶСĻ
ޱɬĺΣҲҿпյҪȻǸðɣСţŴȥͻȻ䣬һޱȥ
ۿޱҪ˵ϣҶСһϽסޱСʱҶСоһֻģһ˿ȣһ˿ʪĿȥֻԼ˼ҵСһ־Ȼ˼ҵĸʵʥŮϡ
ޱϵԡѾ䵽Ľ£϶Ǹղһ˫ַſԡ˲Żڵϡ


725 еĸ
ҶСһΣޱһʱ䲻֪ôźãҲǣҲǡ
šʱޱͻȻһһƬ죬һ˱ǶҶСڵѪҺټӿ죬𣬲ǱҶСѹסˡ
ޱĿ룬ӣҶСһƣⷴӦҲ̫˰ɣǱŶѣ˴ˡ
֪ޱȻôķӦޱûзֵʱɵɵģһʱ䣬ֻǣֶѣǶûǹ˵ʥŮˡ
ҶСͻȻЩԾͷȥֻԼ˼ҵĸϲʵҲѹޱķӦô
Ͻÿޱ˴ϣӸޱĴϣԼƲסԼ
Ͻ£ҪȻһðˣһҶС˵
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ޱ˻ӣҶСһԲһ֪ͳԹˡ
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ҶСûзӦޱתѩźһĸ첲ҶСĸ첲ҶСӡ
ȵʪĸоҶСмѣȼգĵģҡ
ҶСһޱѹ˴ϣһַ˼ҵĸϣͷޱĲӣǽƣҶС촽Ҫޱ۵ĺ촽ʱԴĪ뵽ޱ촽֪ͺ־ǿǹٴΣǷѾϹ˴뵽ЩûɵһȶҲ˲ʧ˴롣
ҶСӵĿһޱӸǺãȻ˴ͷ
ҶСľٶޱЩ⣬ҲҶС磬ҪʲôͻȻ䣬ԺһǰһЦ龰
˵ҶСԺұŮˣҪͽҶСˣҶС磬һҶС磬ֻô
ҶС統Ȼ˵ˣӴ˺󣬲ޱ֡
Щޱ֪ҶСԼԼɾ
С磬һǴŮҸͺͺ־ǿûзʲôѧУЩԷǺ־ǿģҺһǿǹһΣûκζظĵһλǸղŸ㣬㲻˵Ļԡޱ˵ȻҶСϡ
㣬ҽЩˣ˯ɣ컹ҪأҶС˵ȻؽޱӵڻУҶ
ҶС»ݣŮͶͱûһ㷴Ӧǣʼնûע⵽ĸ


726 Ȼ赸
糿յƲܹܵ׵̫
ߵʮֵʱѾˣϴһ£㽫ޱ͵μӱ¥㣬Ȼ뿪ˣľܿǱ߷ɳ۶ȥ
ϣޱ˵ǴŮҶСûкȣǱ˯һϣȻޱЩʧҸΪʱһҶС˯
ҶС˲ӵʱǰΪľܿҶС˲ҶСϲûǽϲġ
ҶС磬صһͷľܿǵıҶСĸ첲ͿԿ˵Ĺϵһ㡣
ҶСЦЦȻ˽ȥûע⣬һΪһ磬ᳵ·ľܿķ䱼֪ʱ̵ļľܿ㣬Щ˶żҵˣΪľܿǾޱȵԪͻƵʥʱ̼ţľܿ⣬ǧ֮£ҶСռ˱ˡ
ķŽţǻû˯ѣһķžʹ˿ҶС˽ȥţûзһ˿
װεĺŵĿҶС翴ľܿ㴩һ͸˿˯£ɳϣϵë̺Ѿ䵽˵ϣտޱȣüļһ֮
û뵽ΪԼûسŵľܿģһۣЩΣ˹ȥľ߽ܿرڻС
ʱľܿһˣ۾ûͻӶȭͷҶСȥ޴ޱȣͨˣԹһ
㣬ҡҶС׾ٵľץסϸԲỬĸ첲˵Ǹ⡣
ҶСһղ˱ıܷӦľܿ˫Ŀ˹ꡣ
ϵһϣ绰ĵ绰ʱ޷ͨľܿ㿴ҶСĵ˵
ҶС˺ĵ׼һôȶҶС绰ҶСĵ绰ʱ޷ͨʼΪҶСʲôˣ˰죬侲ϸ룬ҶС붼Ǳޱסˣ֪ˣȻȴţһȾһϡ
ҡһ˴ڱﺦ£ҵֻ綼ˣƻһˡҶСǸ˵̧ͷľܿĶȥ
쵽ҶСĶľܿһĿвתЦһ𼱣ϴһ¡
˵գ߰ҶСĻлϴԡȥ߶ĹУĨɫİ͸˿˯»£ҶСһջıӰ߽ԡҵʱ򣬻һЦҪȻʲô롣
ľܿĻҶС΢΢ЩΣղȷʵȥŮͬԡǸҶС̾һ䡣
Լ˶ʮӺľܿΧſԡ˳ûҶС磬Լҡ
ҶСģղڵȴľܿʱ򣬾͸оÿһӶǼ尾ǻˮľܿߵСҶСĴ̼
ӺľܿһϮɫ˿ȹȹǹŵʽģڿ󣬶Һܳȹ°ڳڵϣڵס˹Сš
Ȼ˿ȹΪ˿ȹ̫ˣջ֣ҶСڸֱӹȥľܿ
ҶС˼ʱľܿ˵һ赸Ұħ赸ĿҪȻҲҡ
ҶСкƣȻ룬ǣľܿĻֻܲѹԼľܿ赸
ľܿ㻺߽ߵҶСǰ״֮Ĳ輸ᵵţʱͽȻ䣬ľܿɢ޾Ȼ֮ˮӶ𣬽̤ޱȵĲ֫ŤˮĻӶ֮֫ŤǽµĲ໥ϵļΪжɸС
赸ʱˮϸ壬ʱ𣬼䣬׵赸ҶСģҶС赸Ķɶ
أҶСƿŮӣչ¶ˣеĹĿ飬еĿԹеһȼգֶŮӲҶСʧ˫ĿһĨɫâһЩõŮȻʧǰֻľܿһˡ
ʱϵ˿ȹѾ棬ֻʣ˰ͨ£ĸҶС赸Ȼ赸ܹԭ赸
ҶСܻȼգԾɼѹţҾͲܹŶãߵʱһҪѵȻңҳҶС
ľܿ裬彥ӽҶС磬ǲˮҶС磬ʱʱйƻ
Ȼ赸зϵãһ綼֮¿ˣҶСԾɼţƾľܿôջ󣬾ǲɽ
ľܿרģҶСһʧССͷ
аСʱʱ䣬ҶСȻţľܿµĲѾҵĲˣ赸ķˡ
ͻȻһ͵˵ϡ


727 ػ
ˣҿԶ˰ɣľܿ˵ϣҶС˫Ŀڶȼܻ棬һ˲ľܿߣɳϣͷ۵ĺ촽
ľܿĹɣֱŮеļƷľܿȻѪҺȣҶС绹ǲ֣רԴľܿģǶĳͷ
ԺҲҶС紵ʵ
ˡС硭Ҳˡľܿƿ޵ĸϽ˵
һ֮õɫĴϣľܿ㽫ԴҶСţһƬ죬˫룬һûС
ôԺ󻹸ҲӶңҶС縧㷢Ц˵
һҲ㾲һ赸ڶôݡľܿĶˣĿҶСһۡ
ûжжݰղƺܵӣܽˡҶС翴ľܿ˵
˵ôšľܿǰһļϸոյȥķۺɫָҶСЩ̲סľܿӣҶС绹ûٶ
ûôҲࡣҶСٺһЦ˵
Ҫ𣿡ľܿʵʱϵĳѾȥ
ţһЩҪ顣ҶС˵ͷľܿһӣЦЦһļģԺʱͻ㣬һᱨȪнͨѧʱʲôʱ㣬ʲôʱ򡣡
ҶСĻľܿϵı˺ܶࡣ
˵һ黰㴩·ľܿѾָ˼ֵ˽緹ڻĹһȦʮһˡ
㣬ޱʮ¿ΣҪˣ´㡣ʱ䲻ˣҶС翪˵
ðɣȥľܿ㲻ɷ˵ͽҶС˳⣬ѡһɫܳҶСӿƼѧʻȥ
ӿƼѧſں󣬻ӣޱűڳϾĵȴš
С磬ƽʱСһ㣬żҵļرϸ񣬿Ѿ֪֮ϵܣǳֶԸ㡣ľܿ㵣ĵ˵
ģƤڵģֻҪһ֣ûж⡣ҶСЦЦοľܿ㡣
ôСһûдľܿ˵
ţһעġҶС˵ͻȻ䣬һɫë׵ޱѧУſ˳
ޱˡҶСľܿǺһЦ˵Ȼ˳ĵޱ߹
ޱ߳УſڣڿҶС磬¶ĵЦݣСһ˹ҶСӵһ£żҶС촽ѵˮһһ£ȻǵıҶСĸ첲
ǻûеʱôô˳ҶСɻʵ
Ѿˣûʲô⣬ͳˡޱЦ˵¶˽׵ݡ
ߣϳȥվҶС˵Ȼޱߵǰ˳ţ˽ȥ
ھҪȥٹһ䣿ޱʵЩȻ֮ɫҶСٴһʱ䣬ٻȥ
ЩҪ飬ȥҪ죬ȻȥҶС
ˣС磬ȥ߹һ£Ȼʱȥ㿴ôޱεĿҶС˵ȡҶСһӾһӡ
ޱҶС˵ͷľܿ㿪˺ߣ⴦߶ǽʯľܿ㽫ڲԶĹ·ϣһ˹һĽʯϣŲӿĺˣ˵Լ£̸һЩȤĻ⡣
̸۵ĹУľ֪ܿޱҶСǰŮѣޱҲҵľܿǵǴʮ꣬ޱĽѣʮ˾Ȼֻжʮͷ
ޱĽĿ⣬ľܿЦ˵ҶСæ
ޱ۹⿴ҶС磬û˵⣬Ѿ
Ҫʱľܿ㽫͵˳վ˳ľܿ뿪
˵еʱѾߵˣѾˡ
ؼҰɣ߳վҶС˵ɫԴޱֱӷɱĿĵأڻޱ֪Ȼޱ֪ҶС粻һˣȴ֪ͨ˵ж
šޱ˵ͷһ⣬ʻȥ
ޱסùüңùüƫϵλãѧУǺԶҲʮӵʱ䡣
˲ʮӵʱ͵Ŀĵء
ˣˡ³ҶС縶Ǯޱ˵Ȼ׼תߡ
һ¡ޱסҶС硣
ôˣʲô£ҶСɻʵ
лл㣬С磬˷ʱ䡣ޱߵҶСǰǸм˵Ȼ̧ͷסҶСĲӣһ£ȻСһ仰
ޱʧıӰҶСЦЦһʧˡ


728 Ľѩı
ҹֵϵƻַͨǷҲ赲סǳȥֵ£ʱΪºȵԵʣܶжĪķ꣬ѰȻе΢ȷʵϲ£Ľͷѻ߼˳ڵСԼֱһܡ
ҶСһǰУһڶ쳾֮еź쳾֮Ũϲĳɷռ࣬ЩҶСĲƷ
Լӵʱ䣬ҶСһ·ǰԷ԰Ľѩıմӿ䵽һݵʱһֻ͵ǹͶҶС죬׼гҶС۾һһɫâһֻ͵ǹһʲôµһ㣬Ͻ뿪뿪ʱ򻹻ͷҶСǷԻ
ҶСЦЦ¥ȥ;ѲԱǶʶҶС磬֪ҶСпܾİˣ˶ҶСͦġ
ѩС絽ȪиʲôȥˣҶСߵſʱսԵ
˭֪ܵʲôȥˡĽѩЩԹ
С绰һ£СĻǾ͵һᣬ˺һԸսЦЦ˵
壬̣ѩһˡҶС˽ȥ˵ֻսԺͽͬһųɳսűֽῴŵӡ
ǵĶĽѩһɰܹŽţһ˯°뿿ɳɽֻ֪ʲôһı顣
Сˣ¡ҶС˶ŤͷȥҶС磬սԺǺһЦһͰӣûа߸ϵĸоȥĽѩ΢΢һݺݵصҶСһۡ
ҶСֱߵĽѩɳʱЩףһҪ飬Ǿ˸ĽѩһԴͻȻһſˮԪģҪΪĽѩһ
׼ҵɳһȥĽѩùСѾӣһҶС磬ʾԼĲ
С磬ȵ㽪ͻȻˣע㡣ʱ˹һݸҶС磬ȻŤͷĽѩЦЦѩղŲǻ߶С粻ôСߣ
˭߶ˡĽѩС΢΢һ죬һķǵ˵һȥ׼ҵɳ
ҡҡͷսԶԱߣһ˵飬ԼսϵЦĿˣ뿴ôͺõġ
ĲҶСһ˵
ҶСı飬ĽѩЩĻţղѾˣȲ˵һֻˣ˵ġ
ҶСװһʧӣĽѩһۣȻվսԷ˵壬̣һЩ飬ˡ
˵꣬ͷҲص˳ȥ
ҶС߳ȥıӰĽѩֻһƬĪľҶСһߣ֮Ĺϵͱ䵭ˡ
ʱս΢΢̾һȻŤͷĽѩ΢΢һͻָɫҲһ
ĽѩͷſڣϣҶСתҶСĻԻҶСɳϣһٷСƢˡ
ǣһȻҶС֪ҶСѾˣˤеëһС磬С磬֪ο˼ҡ
žԼͺίͿҶСǰŮȥȪˣеȻܲģǣߵʱ򣬻װһܴȵӣֻҶС簲οһ¾ˣˣСƢû뵽ҶС粻οתߣԽԽίӨˮͬߵӣ¡
ѩ˭۸ˣңҰȥʱһϤΪǻþŤͷȥȴҶСվɳ濴Լ
ʵղҶС͸ûߣվߵʱԾֳһӰӰȥĽѩ档
ȷκĽѩŤͷиίˣС磬Ȼƭң뵽
ҶС罫˹ȥɳϣĽѩ˻УĽѩţ͹ԹԵҶС籧š
ѩҲãˣ㿴Ҹʲôһ²ҶС˵
һĽѩֹͣ˿̧滨գգŻĽëҶСϳ˳ûзʲôҶСһ£ƭӣƭӡ
ûƭ㣬㿴ʲôҶСִӱ˳һֻֻĽѩӣĽѩɳ͵ӣֻΩΩФֱһСĽѩ
һֻССıĽѩзһ⣬ҶС֪ʱܸˣĽѩù̧ͷҶСʵǴģô֪Ҿͻɳϡ
Ե֣ҽʱͻȻ˯ˣȻμɳϣҾ͵ӡҶСһ˵
ʵ񵽵ôģҴͲ֪㻹е̵ı졣ĽѩضҶС˵
ҵı컹أֻ㲻һְˡҶСٺһЦ˵
㻹治ǫ鰡ĽѩҶСһۣԣʱĽѩ˺ܶ࣬Ѿˡ


729 οС
ѵֵ֪ǫǽ𣿡ҶС壬һɵ˵ѩҾúÿҵı졣
˵꣬ҶСһָĽѩʱо½˺ܶ࣬岻ĴһҶС翴ǸһЦȻסĽѩС֣һΪĽѩϵĺ䡣
Ľѩһɻ󣬲֪ҶСʲôҩ׼ҶСʱͻȻ䣬ͷһƬƬӨѩƮ䣬㷢ļͷ
غһ͵¶ᵽ϶£ôĽѩһοʵѩ֣ЩӨѩƮģܵǷݱĽѩкܸж
ʱֻӨıĶųͣĽѩָ⣬ĽѩзһĨ⣬¶ȸԾͬСǰЦݣֻȻҶСþƵġ
ĽѩϵЦݣҶСһһûа׷ѣ˶սԺͽһ𾪵ӣû뵽ҶС羹Ȼֱ졣
ҶСһֻɢСĽѩߣĽѩĿҶС磬ĿⶼܽҶСڻ
С硭ĽѩĽһһаǧ飬ۡ
ش˹ȥҶС촽ҶСûпһ֮̽ء
һԵսԿЦһ£и̾˾ǿţҲû뵽ԼĹԹŮȻô󵨣ǰȻҶС硣
ȿȿȡʱսԿȥˣ׶ŮһУҶСԼŮǣս΢΢Щ
սԵĿĽѩϽƿҶС磬ĶҪˮղҲ֪ԼôˣȻôҶС硣
ˣСѾˣһԸսԺǺһЦ˵
˻һķһ𣬳ޱȷʢķˣԵڣսԺҶСڿУһƷһš
սԿҶСǴĴ۲ˮţһʱжˣһҶүӸģ޵ĺܡ
С磬˵㻹˼ҹ˾ţսͻȻ˵
ҶС֪Ľѩ˾˵սԣսԵľȻѲ³ƼҲҶСġ
ǰɣҶСһȻŲˮ
С磬㿴㶼˾ˣҪæԺҲǻԽ㣬㿴ôսԿҶС˵Ϊͷ۵ľǷܶôļҲ˹
壬֪ҵԸģҶԹⷽһȤûУҵ˾Ǳ˹ģҾǸ˦ƹġҶСεЦһ˵
ŶЩ˻ͦĵģƼĺϸ񣬸˸оǸʮ깫˾˹һ㡣սԿ佱
лͣƼŹģӦ˵֡ҶСЦЦ˵
ţôûأǸҵţǰʱ䣬׳£Ĺ˾Щ˺ˣӴ˺󣬾ûмˣû뵽뵽£ֲƼϡսԺĿҶС˵
ҶСЦЦû˵ʲôһҶСȥĽѩˡ
ʱĽѩڷпҶСǸҶСֱ˽ЦЦÿ𣿡
ţÿС磬ôģĽѩСҶСʵ
Ҷ˵ˣΪ̵ġҶС˵
ͱţˣ϶̵ģǲʲôĽѩʵ
ǺǣȷʵʹҵģҲһֱ졣ҶСЦЦȻЦװһʹ˵ǵ㲻ϲĶϲĻ͸ҡ
˭˵ҲϲˡĽѩı󣬵ҶСһۣһӣƺҶСһ㡣
С磬ôڻҶСûһ˿Ľѩ˲٣ɻʵ
ĵҵ֧ţһʱڻˡҶСЦЦ͵
ܹԶھͺˡĽѩЩ΢΢ʧ˵
ԶڣпܡҶСüͷԿܲһԶڵı񡣡
лл㣬С硣Ľѩм˵ǳϲ
ҪлңҶС绵һЦ˵ĿһգգĽѩ
Ľѩһ죬֪ҶСҪʲô˫ĿһξժӣҶСֻĽѩĺ촽һ£Ȼֹ˹ıӣʱ䲻ˣϽϢ컹ҪϿΡ
ҶС絹Ľѩһᣬ±ĽѩҪ
ҶС粻ǰͻĶЩܣɫȻĿڵС磬ǲˣ
ôأǼѩôƯôأҪҪȥҺᱧ㣬᲻뿪һúġҶС˵
å˭Ҫˡ֪ҶС粻һȻҶСһۡ
˯ʱ䲻ˣˡҶС˵ȻĽѩĶͷϺͺ촽϶һ¾뿪ˡ
¥󣬸еսԴ˸кҶСͷ򶫳ĲֿǱ߸ȥ


730 װϴ
ѾϾŵˣжֿߣ쳣Ϊ輯һҪڡ
ǳڵĻһֲģһЩ㲿ֿ뺣ߵĸۿڲԶҲֻ׵ľ룬ƻͨɫƷĹرࡣ
ҶСھֿԼһ׵ľͣоЩƷк֣ܶҲǣǽѪɷʯ˳ȥӣܲ
ͻȻ䣬һ¥֮ϵҶС翴ʮһ¥һɫװڷ趯ˣһʮˣЩ˶ڵ¿ռʱҶСˡ
ĿϬӥתͷ˿ûзʲôüͷҶСܹؿ飬֪ʵԼ
ӳѰʲô迴ʵ
ûʲô൭˵չʶ鿴ΧһУԸһģҪȻͲڲֿˣԾ⸽ֻأ
裬⼸ûмҶС磿൭ʵ
ûУ⼸ûȥüһ˵Ĭ̽ʵӳҶС磿
Ŀбų⣬һЦپûʣ˶ΨһԼ⣬û֪౻ҶСǿǹ
ŵжʮӵʱ䣬ɫ˹˹СγƬֿ⣬źɫī˳һ˹Ĵ򿪳ţһװ
һһ˺īıڣҸһ𣬿ϵС
Щ˶һۣȻЩжһֿŴ򿪣Щֿм˴ʹǽľط˴ʹϣʹֽľӴͻϡ
ײ󣬿˸ۿڣȻľװڴϡ
һԣװò泵Ȼ˴֮Ķ˹˱ȽϺá
ǰò泵ѪɷʯüͻȻ䣬Ӿˣ˹ˡ
ЩææȥӰҶС֪ѾˣٿȥҲıʲôһΪһ磬ŸۿǱ߷ɱȥ
ò˵ĸ֪ǳֲҶС뿪඼оˣһʧˣһ仰ˣǵĴϡ
ӳ⼸ôˣôоԹԵġһɫ۵˵Щɻ
⼸첻ǶŶӳ֪ӳôˣһ֯ĳԱĿͶŮԱȷʵ֪⼸Ϊʲô仯ֻǲ˵
ҿöӳѵ˰ɣӳ㶼ҴһŮԱ˵ȻһʧˣһŮҲʧ׼ܵϡ
ҶСǰһٶ׵ľ͸о׷ϣýֺͷõ࣬ǹҳһ˿ЦݣȻ٣ۿʱһΪӰŲͬķɳۡ
ٶȺܿ죬ûзֻĻӰĻӰ׷ѰȥΪͷϣѾʧȥǺƽûзҶСǵӰȻǻӰ
ͻȻ䣬ΪԶҶСһ㾫ӡʧǵӰ˲ʧΪ˺쳾֮Ʈɢ˿УϹеĺۼȫʧĿһƬӼǺҶСˡ
ʱм˹һʧԭأһ󴬵ΦϣƺڰеĿŲԶЩװЩˣΪȻܹЩ˶ߡ
ʱҶСڸۿڸǳһֻ洬Уһע࣬һ߿޴Ļ
ҵ輯й˾еҵ֮һеĳڵĻﶼģˣҲ±ҸоӪô꣬϶֪жǵˣʹ鶼߸ʽҪղ
ҶС洬ȴĸСʱʱ䣬ѾЩѪɷʯȫװ˴ϣȻľڲװѪɷʯл㲿㲿һ㣬ʱ򣬲ֹΡ
ۿڱһߴ𷢵ˣֺ󣬾ͷֿˣҸһŲֿǱȥ
֣ڵˣɻʵ
ˣֻҪǰѶȫװڴϣʹҲûжϵ˵üͷЩ΢壬һ𣬸ϴһ£Ⱥ̰ļһֻҪιñģǾͻһֻСҲ֪ܲܰȫĵ
ѵ˵ϲȫ־һʵ
ܰɣҵЩعҲǳصģǻǶ֣˵һϸʮ쾳ߣɼӣӽ쿪ʼҪѲߣҪʱס濴زֿ⣬Ҳ֪ôģǸо̤ܲʵ˵üͷҾ޴Ļ
ղŶ˵ʮ쾳ߣ˭κεǣǾͱˡ˵
˵Ҳе˵ͷǽüͷȻûзɿ


731 䴬
ҸӲû뿪վڲֿԶԶŻҪۿ߲뿪֪ԼޣûЩ˵ĿֲʵﲻȴĻǾ̬ȵˣ£һ鷳ġ
һо󣬴ͻѾŶߵĺʻȥҪԽ̫ƽ󵽴ͻʻҶСһǱˮ΢΢ûнˮ
жʱվԶΦϵҲˣһƬëһ䣬øϰڻӽֻھʮ׵ĵطǱˮС
Ҳ֮٣ʱΧһƬտûʲôڻҪϴĻֻˮ·ҪȻͻᱻϵĸַ֡
ҶСˮкһ㣬ٶȿˣûϴһֱͽڴһ࣬üͷŰ취ôܰѴĶõ֡
ҪЩѪɷʯѵ֣ɲ򵥣˵ǷǳѣΪҶСомʮǿϢǶ֣ҪЩĵֵѶȡ
ѵôǽѪɷʯɣУԲǵóѣҶС֪ǻʲô취ѵ;أˣѪɷʯûҵķˣǵ취С
ͻȻ䣬ҶСһ뵽һ취ǾǽЩѪɷʯȫûںףĻԳǿʶչɨߵЩˣǶһڣǴķ䡣
ҶС绹Щ֣ǶڼװϵĸطֻļΪʵ¾ǲӬҲԷɽҶС緢ЩѪɷʯڣһһڵĴλڴĲֿ⣬ʱֿл˿ţɼ䱣رǿ
ҪôѪɷʯ뺣ףʱֻһ취Ǿ䴬Ӵ׵Ĳֿ俪Ȼٰľ뺣ס
עҶСһ˴ףЩװѪɷʯĴӣʱŸճȻ˶֣Զ˺ٶҲ٣ͱ˫ۣתŴЩѪɷʯе̣ڵ˸ܾûио
ҶСʱһľڣһСʮСˣЩȣô
СǶź꣬Ǿ壬пı仯ΣȻҲֱӱεһľͺĴ״ҶСԣҶСĵУûдҶС磬ҲҶС
ҶСһ޴Ĵųһ㣬Ѫɷʯȵ֪˶ãҶС˫Ŀ˫Ŀõɫâųһֱϵļ˲䷭˰׶Ƥ
ҶСغ߸ۿڵĵѾģˣ֪˶ֵʱŤͷһԵĶź꣬ôҲˣ
һֱ̫ˣҲҳź굨ӵ˵
ҶСͷͷ̧ͷȥĿƴ˺ĴףһһɢŲùâɫҶСУʵΪһʯһĳҶСнСΪһԼһߵĶ̽̽ŷ֮Ĺâ
̽źϽҶСԶ˼֣ϸо˼ΪΣյϢ˿ɣֻҪǱ̽һͻҷԶʧϡ
ҶСһ̽˲ʹ˽ȥһصԭλãײƫҵĵطһԼĸƽ׵ĽҶСȡˮ˽ļвС
ҶС綼ûȥᣬ̽˽У̽ƶƶͬʱȱڵĵطһĻʡһảˮȥ̽Žûзиһ鶹һ㣬һԵĶź
ҶС罫ǿȡ£ĿɫĹâΪڵľرĶ࣬סߵߣҶСйâӿһľȻƶ˳뵽˺ס
ҶС˵Ƥӵ½޵Ĺ˴ڻſڵλãԼĹ¼
˸Ͳ鿴֣ҶСиǸˣ˰Сʱʱ䣬ҶС罫ľӰһ࣬ʣµڶĻҪˡ
ҶСٴǸȱڲһâúˮʹ뿪ˣǵĻ֧һʱ䡣
ҶСͶźѾ˲ֿڣΪЩľӵԵʣҶСٶ޷ȫչֵĻƱػᾪôĸ֡
ѧܶãǲ츳ãǿľ籡߹һþǸʵĳһһֱڻþ֮УʹҶСҲ첻ʲô
㶨һкҶСһ־ᶨ㲻û뵽˲ӵʱ͸㶨ˣʵ̫ˡ
ҶСϸĿ˿˺󣬾ͷһ㶼⣬ȻǶһؾ磬Ǹ̫鸡ˣһǿĺظ֣ܹɱǡ
ҶСƶʱж̽ȻһĹâһӣ˵ͷͱѪ죬ʱϻŸղŵ飬ʮֹ졣


732 û
ҶСɫһ䣬һǹҵסǣҪˣҶС뵽ֵµĶԽԽˣܹоһûͣ
Ҵ϶Էĸ࣬ʮ쾳ĸ֣ǵ㣬Ͳ£ǼΪ֣ҪȻǿԺɨһС
ͣͣҪȻǿˡǵ
ҶС֪Ҫ鷳ˣĿĻϵЩֿ϶᲻ܣ˵ˮֹԷ׹һٿܻᱩ¶ʣµЩѪɷʯ͵òˣôѪɷʯʵںܲġ
ô죬ô죿һ߰ľһ߽
ҶС磬һˣ͵òǸʯͷˣ㿴ҪҪҴֱŪˣһںףʱ򶼿áʱź귢һ񲨶
ҶС۾һ˵ĺܶԣһŪδһ£Խ򺣵ףѹԽ󣬲ǹҵˣǶԷˣҪЩ׵ѪɷʯҪܶţǽЩȫٵһǾ͸ԽѪɷʯˡ
뵽ЩҶСм˵ллС
˵꣬ҶСеĶ̽䳤ӶݺᣬĲֿڣǷĽеľӶҶСеĽһĺۼȻľӻûѣǣҲˣҶСרġ
Щľֻһ˿˿ѣ΢һͻѣѪɷʯ
ҶС˻ֵĲţʶ鿴һ£ûˣűߵȥֵǸССղ֣ղˮңˮҺŹرţΪ˷ֹײ©ˮƵģ©ˮˮҵĴŻ򿪣ˮˮңȻŵ
˿ҶС罫Ŷƻˣĳˮ豸ȫƻû취ˮҶС˳
ĻȫֶҲͦݵġź꿴ҶСƻЩĿҶС硣
Ǻǣûа취ֲʲôˡҶСʼ磬ȻŽ¥ȥȥ¾͵װˣᲽһǰͳһţȷʵǼװ壬ڽϴС濴ȥֻװϻкܶӣװϵжǹ֧׼Կҵˡ
ʶ鿴һ£ҶС緢ػ֣֣룬ҶСк²Ķ̽һԲȦԲȦλŵ棬޴ˮǸƬᱻ忪
һУҶСȥеĽǽ϶˴ԲȦֻסǴһĵײ룬ò˼ӣҴͻû
߰ɣҶС翴Ŷź˵ʱǹ
С硭ɲ԰ңҶСת׼ȥʱ򣬶ź˵
㣿ҶСһɻ
Ǿ壬Ȼ࣬սЩµ˺Ƭź˵Ȼû壬ֻʽڣǣһпֲɢĳܷΧǻ˵ġ
˼ǣҶС翴Ŷźʵ֪Լôܽźȥ
лл㣬ҽһöССѪɷʯڣֻҪѪɷʯϲҪѪɷʯˡźм˵
ðɣҶС˵ͷһһףȡһöҴСѪɷʯź껯Ϊһ⣬С
ҶСܹγѪɷʯڲһöѪɷʯ˿ڴС
һʹǸ˳ȥһ磬˾봬ʮ⣬һǸϵʧĺˮ˽ȥҶС嶼㱻ȥʱץ˴Ĳ档
ǿųһӵʱ䣬ͻҶСһ¶һĨ⣬ƾһǰĺˮ˲䱻ֿʹûǰ֣һӾͱҶСٵˡ
ͻȻ䣬һںӰӴԶҶСһϽԶ봬壬Ƕ붼ס
׿϶˻Ͼôĸڡ
ȻҶСϣ׾봬廹ʮ׵ľʱһֲӺ£Ͼͷ˱ը
˫Ѿ˰Ȼս׶ΣҶСͬ㣬ˮкûһٵԶн߸ʱ䣬ҶСͳ⣬ںϿ˫ս
ʱϵѾִˮˣһڽ³ǸϽϱõЩСŵ˺ϣ쾳˶˴ϡ
Ϊһ¼ҶСһλһ㿴žʵĴ򶷣Ƭϲ죬ɫʵĹâ䣬̻źľҪƯµĴӣΧĺˮܶຣеĶﶼһ߾ʬ
Ѫζԭ˺ܶײеʳԺһֿµʳԺҶС綼оι
ʱļװѾͺƽͬһˮƽˣĳûҲֻʱ⡣


733 Ѫɱ¾
ҹڣϲ죬ѾȫϵˣһƬ廹ڲϵ³һЩ쾳߶û˺ȻǲᱻˮϾǵˮԺܺãΪһǱǱⲻ˵ģһЩߣӵУѪȾһƬˮʬźˮ
ֶԾҲúܶĺˣеֱӱֲ˺ƬһѪ꣬ˮгȺЩѪ⣬ѾЩѪгͷߵ̺˴ǵ洦ȻԶ
ַ꣬Ѫɷʯһ˵ֱһѣΪǵĶһЩϺз뵽ԷҲ֣ոպЩֿսȻˣһ˶Ҫ³ѪûʹһεʧˣҪ֪аһһڵĴӰжôѡ
֮£ǹѪ뱩˳ƴԷսҲǲѶΪ֪֮û񣬻˴仨ˮŹأ쾳ĸ֡
ҶСĿѾȫûˣһˣ·磬ҲΪԵʣһˣصжʮ֣ЩӦǹ֯һˡ
ԷܹҪʮߣһкܶĺߣô᲻·أ
աһܼǹѲ߽ʮֳǹ֧ĺŴֻĺߺͨɱȥһĺߺͨ϶Ѫһ´ͱײеʳһɶЩѾ۾ûѪ⣬ع˴ϵˣϵ˶ǹ
顭ֻˣЩͱιʳˣľ
һɫ̷İˣԼһ˴ģ󣬽һڶһɢ֮ĵгУ˫Ŀк˸ǹҳһ˿Цݣһ
Щһͬʱǹ֧׼ɫ̷İˣաӵֵٶȱӵٶȻҪ죬Խܼӵ˲Щǰ
âУϻӶѪɱ˵ַΪ̣ĵ˵ӣȻӺͶ䣬ƺٴֱ£ǿľӵϷ˴ͷ롣
ſĴЦƾѪҺԡϣΪĵϣס
һ̼䣬ƳԡѪѪħ֮Ѫɽ㡣
һȥںһصĸսҲ̲סˣһҶС磬ҳ֪ڸ㲻æڵǧɣҶҪҳˡ
֪ҶСһ⸽ȷҶСǷˣǣûˣһӾ뵽ҶС磬ҶС绹Ǻˡ
кߣԼͬһɥʧֱ֣ͲһˣһѪԶûС
ʵִҶС磬ղҶСֻʱӢˣûעս״ҪȻҶСͳˡ
ڿϷҶС̾һϷˣҪȥˡ
ϣ˴ֱ̤˶ٶȼ죬˵ٺ٣Ȼ㿪ڣҾͰǷһӰ
ҶСһҶСʵ֪ҶСİⳡսʤһһģҶСЩ⣬һ˸л֮⡣
ʱҶСҲע⵽˲ɱǹ֧ĺ龰ĿųӰһӾƶѲ߽ϡ
ɫ̷İˣҶСĵûٶ֣վţ¶΢С
ϵѪҺ˷ܣˡɫ̷İˣ˷ܵĹâȺͷһ·м˵һѪҺ
ᣬҶСؿһɫ̷İˣһѪüͷ
ҶС˵ʱ֮żΪ߹ѪҺʱȻǳΪôܷŭ
Ȼݺ̤һ¼װ壬ڵҶС˹ȻٶȺܿ죬ҶСиͲҶСҲˣȻʧԭأһӳɫ̷İǰȻٶȵˡ
ҶСһӳǰɫ̷ˣǺȻ֮ɫȻղŸܵҶС͸¶ΣյϢǣû뵽ҶСʵȻ˿ֲ
ƽһԼ¶ӣзĵлҶСĲӣʱҶСеĳЩ⣬֪ҶСΪʲô¶ɫ
һ̣ˣеĵУʮ׾ҪҶСĲʱֱ۲ָˣû֪ͷһԼǰиһöεѪɫڶԷоš
ǲҵѪôͷ嵹˼װϣѸٱòޱȣһһֻʣһǼܡ


734 ѹˮ
װϻմЩҽĹͷܣҶСװһ˵˵֪ˣοأ
˵꣬װģҡҡͷԼǸǰһ㣬Զս࿴ҶСһ˺һרӦսȻǰûΪߣǣһսս鼫ΪḻӳУǺʽϾܿԷ궼ս
ˣֻҪԼϤսʤģûעҶС磬֪ҶСȻѾѡ˳֣ôһֵġ
ȷʵˣ汻ˣҶСվѲ߽ԵЩСĺԶܣֵսֵܲģȥҲǰװѡ
ܣȻǸģʧȥ׼ҶС˵ĿųʵʣǰĿռ΢΢
ҶСһץһǿĴΧ˴磬紵ķҶСģѲ߽ĺҶСһץ֮£ƺƴ֮
һͬˮͰһĺˮӺƹǰ㱻ҶСץУҶСֻץһǹɺˮٵһ䣬ǹɺˮͻһȭͷСƾƯҶСġ
ˮɫȻֻȭͷС̺ʵľˮѵĻʮըҩը
ԶһսһˣҶСһĻĵСӻ氮԰ڣҶСĻһԩǰһˮѹʲô˲ġ
ôһɺˮѹˮⲻҪΪҪƿؼɡ
ʱҶС˫һйâãǸȭͷˮȻɢСˮ飬лЩСˮЩСܵĺ߳ȥ
һССˮ飬ҪƶһͰˮôأȻȻǹ֧ˣٶʮ
ҽ಻ϴ˷СϵЩ߲Դըûˣǰûˣǰһ󶴣û˸첲ûȣ״Ϊҡ
һĻĻҶС綼㶣ûѹˮ龹Ȼô
㻹ݶһ˹ͬʱһӰҶС籼һŶ׵ߣΪѾؾ磬һϸ䵶
İһ㶼ݶֻץһѺˮȻȻãʱһ뵽˿ˮܲѹһ¾ȻɹˣɹЩ߷ɹϲãû뵽Ȼ˾޴󣬲Ӧ˵ݶ̫ˡ
ҶСҡҡͷʵǸˣôص֣ⶼûкúòȻôôң
ҶСȻ󣬵ڳĶ쾳ĸ֣һҶСĻһҶСĻЦ˳ǿĵЦݣһˣҲЦЦ
նϸ䵶ӣȺˮѲ߽ʮ״ʱ߸Ծһն£һҪնһеķâ䵶ϱųͼҶСնɶԳƵ롣
ҶС粻мƳһӣһݺ£һεƷ䵶ͷռĿҶСԶص似ѹʵʣֱɶ¡
䵶ӸϽطһգͷһ̣ǸѹĿռͱˣȴ½ȥ
ʱҶСһˣһɫľ޴ƣ˲ǰһѽݺһգͬһöƹǰ㣬䵶ӾͱˣһѪ꣬ζ˶صѪҺζȿֺ˹ʳζ
Ҫ֪죬̥ǵı仯Ժԥ˵ֶǻŵɮ⡢ѪҺ̺˺󣬾Կΰٲӳ
ҶСһӣһɲõĹâ䵶ǹɹâ䵶ڲʱӲӵ䵶գڲй⻪ת
ಡһƿնȥٶȼֱͬǴԽ˿ռ䣬һ¾͵Χһһؾеһ£˲̴࣬˵䵽˺
˭Ҳû뵽ҶСôѸ٣սڣɱ˼ʮߣߣսԻͰûͣһԼٶȳʣеһˡ
òҪȻΧһˡҶС粻˵һ䣬һģǸͷ£Ǹ˻ûзӦʱһƾԴ
ллΧǸǸм֮ɫղѾȫ·磬¹˼Уͻᱻնɱ˵ҶС
һ⣬ں͹֯һؾսĺӣҶСɱ˵ֶΣкӿһһ˶սһˣʣµ˸ȥΧǸˡ
òҶСֵڻûӵʱ䣬һ쾳߾ͱҶСնɱˣƾĻ²ʮӣһ˶ʣ༸ҶСسС


735 ն
ֵĻ䣬ŵӰѸٵԼսҶСΧסƽҶС翴һ֡
濴ңȻɳ˾쾳ΧҡΧһĸ֣ҶСǹҳһ˿ЦܶԷܶ࣬ۺʵǿ󣬵ҶС˿õġ
ǿʵǰһжֽϻҽһϣȫ˺ɣҶС¶һĨм֮ɫսʱõļսӶ֣ʵӶ֡
ܹﵽ쾳磬ĸ˶򵥣ԼɱУҶС粻أһ﷭˴һ˾Ͷˡ
ҶСı飬Χľ໥˵ͷжǽ֮ɫһ˿˿ļɵղҶСնɱЩ˵ĳǶˣֹѸ١ֶκޱȡ
ɱһ˴һ죬һɼΪĽɫâֱǶȫԡڽɫâ֮Уݣս·һѳޱȵĹ켣ҶСնȥҪҶСͷһĪ⣬һ
˵ȳ֣Ҳˣÿһ϶ɢ˿־ϢϹâáҫʮÿ˳֣ͬʯ쾪̺ϵǵÿһһССأССڵһΪá
ҶСΧͬʱ֣ǿֲƬռ䣬ƬռڣҶСǳֵٶȻʹ֮涼ܵ˾޴ƣǾ໥һƬศɣƸǣÿ˵ϴǿģһὫҶСն⽴䵽ι㡣
ΪҾǰϵ㣬׸𣿡ҶС絭˵Ϲҳһ˿ЦûзκεƣеƵᡣ
ͻȻ䣬˫õĹâŷ·̴˳գɢһɾ¡ҪжֵѹƣΧĺˮƾγһɸߵˮĻ·ҶСػС
ҶСϵԨ纣޷˲䱻ҶСˣǳʱĬϸȫȻʧޱȣǵĹһӽɡ
˵ĹҶСһȻƾʧ˾УǵĹȫ䵽ҶСղվĺϡ
¡Ÿ˺һĹȷʵǿһֱԼʮ׵ͨ򺣵ͨȥһƬеĺˮΧطĺˮ߳ɶ࣬ΧսЩѾע⵽ö
ǾһƣȻǿ󣬵ǣûдҶСʲôƨǣһɻ֪ҶСܵȥ
桭һ˺һ̧ͷֻҶСǵͷϣҶСͷ£ųϣž˹йâ貣۳һֻݴСľ֡
ֺֻؽĳͷЯƣǾ˸ܵ٣ϽԼѧܡ
䡭ײ䣬졢ҷŵӰͬʱҶС˺棬ҶС䣬վĵȴǴӺг
һ̼䣬е˶һ˭Ҳû뵽ҶСսȻ˿£һ˶ܶԿеˣΧҶСĸ֣г˲ĸо
ŵӰӺˮγͬʱҶСйٶ֮𾪣ҶС·𱻴һֲûзӦ
Щȫ䵽ҶСϣҶСը˿
ҶСѾ͸ͬʱһЩ벻ףҶСôô˿ղҶСղվĵطûһֻ֣Ҳ˵ҶСû뵽Щǵһ϶Ǻ顣
էȻ䣬һҫأҹ˲ã̻Ҫ֣ıȴѪš
Ŷֵͷ­ͱѪ죬ǵ嶼䵽˺
ʧȥ˵ϣǵĬȫңҶС֮սֱ͵ûʲôҶСһս࿹⣬οأ
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㡭Ǹħһ˱ҶСˣ˫ȶڲǿ־塣
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һ̣е˶֪ʤĹؼҶС磬ǲסԼĶ֣߿æ
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һ⺮֮Ľ˹ȥ˵Դֱӱ˿


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һԾȥ䣬ʫĴӹصʵʵҲţҶСô˵ʫҡ
Ų𣬴һ·ĺʫ˴ǰϴſĵЦݣ˴ӣҶСһ롣


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ʫޱȹɵҶС绳УҶСһ¯һɢž޴ʫů
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ðɣҴӦ㣬ڿ˵˰ɣҶС붼ûʹӦ֪ĽѩһЩΪģ˵ϵժȵȡ
ҲһȥҲ˯šĽѩŹâ˵ܺҶСһ춼æµʲô顣
ô㲻ԸȥҶСû˵Ľѩɫһ䣬һ˫ĿίỨ쵰ȻŴӦңڶˡ


741 Ľѩȥ
ҶСǲĽѩȥģϾЩ黹ǲ֪Ϊãһ뵽ղѾӦĽѩٿ˫ί֮ĿҶС˵ͷ˵ðɣҴȥ
ģҶСĻĽѩһϲգŴ۾ʵ
ȻˡҶСıϹһ˵ȻС֣ߵ˳ʱӨڳĨŰȵط
Ҫȥ˰ɣ˵ĽŲӨŤͷһЦ˵ЦҶСܹЦпһ˿Թһ˿ĲᣬһЩ˵
ҶС˵ͷӨˡ
ҶСӨĳƺĽѩĿҶСһۡ
ȥӨеĨ£⿪Χȹӳ˳ȥ
߳ҶСŤͷӨ˵䣬Ͻȥɣ
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Ө㣬Ľѩ˻ȻһЦȻҶСĸ첲ǰȥ
˵ӰѾԶӨ΢΢̾һ߽꣬ĽѩҶСһЩĽЩ˵ףЩ⣬ҲܺҶС޼䡣
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ҶСùֻ˳ºƵĵ绰룬ºƣ
٣Ұе˶˼Уĵѵڣºƹʵ
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˵ţĽѩǰȥУſʱͿһҸſڵĴ·վӰһһװĳºƣһһǳɫ˶װģ֮ʹߣ
١ҶС˹ºƹؽһȻĿͶĽѩɩá
˽ɩĽѩ棬Сϸ˺Ρ
ҶС΢΢ºƵ˵ͷȻĿͶģֻΧĿռ΢΢ǳɫ޵ĺ쳾֮ϵ£ٶȼֱͬҶСĿҪͻ񹦵Ĳʱٶȣתһˣʱ˵Ѿ˳غ޵壬ֻһֵٶȵȻܿˡ
ͻƵ쾳磿ҶСԾʵ
ͻƵġ˫Ŀһ̧һǿĺбΪķԲγһ򳡣ֻҪڵ˶ᱻĺ⡣
Ǹ򳡵Ӱ£º˫Ŀͨޱȣк죬ҶСһ¶ûУֺոյΧͱˣĽѩСЩ΢΢ķףץҶС磬ЩµĿһġ
ˣƣͻƲãûϰԼȥҪúĥĥϡҶС˵
ǣˡĵͷ˵Щ䣬ǹϢڣԾеĲΪͻƲãƲԼԵʡ
ҪˣҷپСҶСε˵
ɻĿҶС磬ҶСں֮ĸʹ÷ʱоĪһҶСҪˡ
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ͶҶСЦЦȻĿͶ˶ͷ亹ĳºƣºƣǽȥ
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742 ʹ
ۻҵĵƹ⡢еĽࡢǣǸʵдգҹ꣬Ľѩоһжô棬һ˫ĿɵԲԲģĿʱк棬ʱ񣬸ָӵΪһ
һҶС̰Ũĺ쳾֮ͨǶļѹĵطֻʵǲߣͷҡ
ÿ˶УһǴαߡұֳе磬һǷſĵɷ硣
ЩŶǣҶСһ˿ĿûǵĶһȺˣǹѹ⡢ҲĳͻһղָӵﱬĿռڣʱŨҵɢ
˵ǶۻĸԴҶСˣʥء
ڳºƵĴ£ԭǸ·ߵ˵ѵңһ߽ȥҶС͸оĿͶ˹ĿнšΡ
ЩϴûˣѾ˿֪ɱḶ́ǶҶСѡǣǾ񹦣󣬻ֻʣһҲϧ
ҶСĽѩվǰ棬ºƺķֱվҶСҺࡣ
ٺáһصصѵңѵҶ
ǴһʱҶСоĽѩץĸ첲ˣʱǺ棬Щˣ֪Щʲô
һڴҶСºʹһɫºǰһҶС紦һˮƽϣȻҶС˵Ļһ顣
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ҶС˵ͷɫâһɨѡźʵˡ
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һˣһŮӣŮӴŵѵȫŵõɫöһг顢˼һ˿ԹŮһ˰ӣȫĶͶ˽ȥǸ˾硣
һӹŰӣ忴Ϊǿ׳ɢɫʱмָǶͳ̶ȣʣѾĽѩëɢһԺŨҵˡ
һһλЩӣüĿʼһǳиɫâƣǸΪʵ֮ʹߡ
ʲô֣ҶСȽĿͶŮӡ
٣ҽв̱ͩŮӹ˵
̱֣ͩܺԺǰ֮ʹˡ˵ĿżˣѰǵ
٣ҽлա٣ҽֳ۲ߡ
忴ǿ׳ӣֳ۲ݣüǳ֮ӡ
գԺм֮ʹߣֳ۲ߣ֮ʹߣϣԺŬҶС翴˵
ǣ٣һṼǵ˵ÿ˵ж˷ܵĹâʣһƬȻ
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ǲʲôҪңҶСŤͷһЦĽѩ˵ȻĽѩĻУĽѩ߻Щ΢΢Χ˶ûзӦҲʹ˵ӣԹԵҶС绳С
ȷʵкܶҪʣ㲻Ҳǿ㡣ĽѩĿĿҶС˵
ԺҵˣЩҲûʲôǻȥٸ˵ҶСĽѩ⻬ϸ˵
šĽѩ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
Լʮӵʱ䣬ºƴ˳վҶСǰҶС۾һ̧ʵǵѾˡ
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٣Ѿ׼ˣһͧº˵
ͧҲǺǡºư±ϾϸģҶС仹Ǻܷĵġ
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ߵƵʱ򣬳ºƽˣǿԼǱߵĸۿڡ
ڳϣҶСԸĽѩ˵һЩ飬һЩϸڷ飬ɳºƸҶСġ
ȻҶС͵Ĳ࣬Ѿ֪ҶСеʵѾռ˶֮һǿ
˵ۿڵʱΪںȴţǶǳºɹˡ
٣Ƹ硣˹ؿҶСͳº˵


743 ҹ
һ޼ʵĺϵӰյĵ㷱ǣ⺣⺣죬һںڰޱߵĺӳٻӰ
ʱһͧͶΨӰӣǳźҡҷûƻгһ˿ɸС
ϣҶСӺӵĽѩһ紵Ľѩǳ㷢Ƥ趯ľ飬ͬϵΣǳ㷢˴ҶСӡ䣬Ƽ֤Էİ飬Ƭֻˣһо¶ġ
ںϴ𣿡ҶСĽѩ˵
ûСĽѩҡҡͷźʱʱӫ⣬űĹʡ
ǽǾһֱںϺ𣿡ҶС˵ȻĽѩĹ⻬ϸһڡ
ĽѩϷ˺Σ˵ͷ˵㵽ȥҾ͸
Ľѩ⻰ҶС罫ĽѩøˣʱװϴʱˣΪ˲ݣڴ
ԼʮңҶСſĽѩʱġºƵ˳ҶС쵽ѾӵλãȻĴǶ
١ǹؽһ
ˣºƣͣûУҶС翴ųºʵ
Ѿͣˣùһʱֹͣº˵
ҶС˵ͷĽѩ˵ڴϵţһ̧ͷĿͶ˳ºƼˣţҴӺһ¶
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ˣҲ֪Ѫɷʯ˾ôˣ̫ˡװϵһһڴľ䣬ҶСһڳ˵
ǰЩաļˣҶСָŴľ˵ȻĿͶѩǣѩ˵ѩȽȥ
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ĸྫµŮԱǳظҶСĽѩ˵ƻᣬųݵĹâѰζҶСҪʲôȵȡ
ЩŮԱʦпĹԱȫǷڵĳԱҲ²档
ҶСĽѩܵĳһˮʱѾȫǰ˿ڴӰ˽վҶСǰֻڲͬվҶС󣬾һʵ
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о̱ͩѾƽҶСȫɫâɢͻȻ䣬ɫâһתͱõɫҫ۶ĿŮӶϲɫɳɽĽѩĹæ
ҶСһĳ£һõɫĹâҶСɢ뵽˲̱ͩڣ壬ͬһʱ䣬ҶСǿľ˿ڴڵѪɫӿҶСһţһ㽫뵽˲̱ͩڡ
һεľ飬εٶȿ˺ܶ࣬˰СʱҶСֹͣ˸̱ͩΪѾ˺أνԾţһϦ֮䣬ͳһ֣ʱûѣȫڵҶСȫԼʱ˹
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ÿҶС˰֣ȻΪմڹ壬Ͳ̱ͩһΪ˺أ󣬽ֳ۲ߵΪҲ˺ء
ʱ򣬰ѿڴѪɷʯеĺֻʣµһ㣬ҶС缸ʮëһţͰЩˡ


744 Ԫ
˴˹ҶСɫЩ԰ףһѪɷʯڵһ߸˴ǣʧһԪȷôģҪԼȥ
С磬ôˣû°ɣҶСһ԰׵ӣĽѩúۣ޲ԼҶС硣
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˻ǲҪˣһᾪС磬Сú˯ᡣĽѩҶСĶͷĿҶС磬ҶСһ˯࣬Ľѩ¶һ˿Цݡ
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ѩҶСһ˫Ľѩһ΢΢̧ͷĽѩĽۺ촽أ̽˽ȥһ䣬Ľѩ˿Ұ꣬޲ɷ
ʱΧվĵˣĴʹ⣬ºƻ궼תͷ߱ȥ۾һûпӡ
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ҶСЦЦŤͷһĽѩѾ˯ˣᱧĽѩߵһң˴ϣǺñӾ˳ȥǽһЩϵ֪ʶ


745 ѵ
ĵʱĽѩ˹˳緹뿪ˣʣµ飬ɳºǽˡ
ҶС׼ĽѩһѧУģǣĽѩҶСֻڼҶСؼһˡ
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Ľѩ˵һе飬ȻĽѩԹ־Ŀ뿪ȻߵʱĽѩ֤ԲȥȥܣĽѩͬ
߳ǰһξ룬͸ŷǧ˸绰ŷǧʱڷ᰼˹
û˷᰼ǰ壬ŷţϵΧȹȻʵæ
ǧûмøƯˡҶСǺһЦ˵
һΪ㲻ҡŷǧһ˿ɫ˶٣һᣬæȥˡ
˵߽꣬˳
ҶС綢ŷǧģҲ˽ȥ
Һ㡣ҶСӺ汧סŷǧϤζȻŵڡ
ҵ壬ҵġŷǧûзʵ
ﶼ롣ҶСŷǧĶ˵
Ȱæ꣬οڵܺз𣿡ŷǧϸֳĨΣȴһƬ


746 Ů
ʲô˼ҶСɻĿŷǧʵ֪ԼΪξͲзأ
촽ѪգԪˣԪȱʧǲǺĸŮзȡԪŷǧҶСһ˵
ŮзҶСظһ䣬ȻһЦҲѹŷǧԼ˴һԪûлָӱһӣͨоһȵӣǱȡԪ
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е˶˫Ŀ΢ϣԸĺ촽һһ⣬ϵĺζҪšˮգҶСŷǧһȥһһƽ¡
֪Ƿ߸ϵһﱻҶСôȣ֪жʹ顣
֮˳ӵŷǧ΢΢һƬ죬ŵ˫ĿоԭˣĹѾִκε伮ǰ˴еĵһ幦ҲȲ񹦡
һؿռÿεĻ䲻ĿƷоϵģÿεĻã˵ľҲŽڣеΪ˵Ҳ
ڵĺôܹ֪˫м䣬ŷǧ֪ҶСʱһ飬ҶСҲ֪顣
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ҾΪϴڵ¿ռõǸ濨ŷǧͷʵ
ҲȻǣ֪ԭġҶСٺһЦŷǧĨһѡ
ǸϽɣҪȻһ᰻˾鷳ˡ´Ƭ̣ŷǧ˵
ôǲǻű᰻һͬߣҶСûжŷǧŤͷһЦ˵
ʱһͻȻʲôͬߣ
ȥֻһµķᰲ֪ʱſڣϵʱһ˪кᡣ
㡭ҼʲôʮָҶС˵
ŷǧһ죬һ仰Ҳ˵ĬĬش·ֻһ£·Ѿս˵ذϡ
ҶСƤһ㲻Ƕˣʲô
㡭ҼֲŮ˵ĳ·ҹȥɫָҶС֮ôȫĪĲꡣ
ͻȻԼĺŷǧɫЩԣϽ˵ǧû˼ֻǿ쵰ΪѾŮѣҪ㣬Ǹ۲۵
ڷᰵĻŷǧҲû⣬ǻ۳ȺȻܹ³еһЩ뷨
ģȳȥˡŷǧ´ӵϼԼ˳ȥǹҳһĨѰζЦݡ
ŷǧ߳ûʲô˼ɣǣߵҶСǰ˵ҶС磬㣬ҸǧСҷ㡣
ѽѽѽǧû˵ʲôƾʲô飬ӳǲǹܵҲ̫ˡҶСϴЦ˵
һû˵þòָҶС˵ôͲܹˣǧҵĺѣڻҼأ˵ʸûУҲǧåƭˡ
𣿲Դ˰ɣĺҸôһ˧ѣǵЩƽ⣬ԧɢҶСϴЦ⣬ŷ˵ò˵ĻΪݶƼ⵶һ̽˷ᰵķ
ҶС˵ǰģ䴿У䡣
ɫޱȣҶСһһģǸʵɽҲŶָҶСһҧ˵ҹҼҡ
ŷǧѾ·ɳɫ¶ĪЦݣûгȥȰܣ֪ʹȰˣҲֻʱѹìܣȵһεʱ򣬿ìܻ
⻹ԼȥͽҶСԸ˽⣬ҶСʽԸ񣬿·һͱҶС簲οìܱ
˵һΣҹ᰿ҶСûжŭָҶС˵
㣬𼱣ߣҲôҰ·ϡҶСЦ˵ӣ¶˰塣
ҶС̵ӣǷЦ֪ΪΣˣҶСϵıˣϽ
˵仰ʱıȥͷĽ˵ϣղһʱ嶯£ҶСıӽˣҶСʹ֮ɵ
Ͻ·ߣԺҪҼˡƽ˵


747 ⲻƽ
𣿡һƽӣҶСɫһ䣬ƺʧ֮ɫ
Ȼ֪ӶװģղŽ⿪ӣԺ󣬷оЩƽʱñƽĵĸӡ
ġ᰼˵ΪŤȥͷûע⵽ҶСһĨĹâ
ðɣҳȥղ㿴ҵ壬ҲǾͳƽˣˡҶСٺһЦһ죬ץ˷ᰵĸ첲˴˴ϡ
ҶСҲΪסԻ֮ìܣ᰸ղʱ񹦣ΪеȻ˷ɢȻ߲Ǵп˷ᰶϲкޣѾָӵ
ȻҶСͲһЩȻ˾һԩһ㣬ҶСоͲôˣΪҲˣоǿҵİ޵ìܣҶСʵЩ̡
ľʹ뿪ĻԺֻͨˣ˵Էûһ˼ǼٵģΪܶˣԸȥԣΪ÷вìܡᡢʹ࣬ҶСֻҪȡֶΣԺôʱȲ롣
ҶС磬å㡭ôءᰱҶСһ˴ϣһſҶСϣߣҵţҶСҶСرסᰣһ˷棬ͷһͣסĺ촽
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ͽаɣǺƺҲûǧѾҵˣ϶ġҶСٺһЦֿס˷ᰵԴһȥһִӱů̽˽ȥ
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ΪŷˣȻ֪УǺ󣬵ǣأֻһڶǵͨŮӣܽЩֻ֪ӣᰲŲῴҶСʹࡣ
ڻ΢΢ЩģҶСܲ¾·ᰣ˾˼ΣȻҶСеĹǡ
ʱ˷ᰵڴ޵ԽԽ󣬾ܸղѾҶСйһΣԾɸоЩȡ
һ˾վᲽߵſڣ濴ȥֻƬƲմ֪¿ɳɣȻߵһ䡣
Ȼڲͬķ䣬Ƿᰵܹ
Ҳ֪˶ãƽϢϷһ̬һλͻݵСӣԹԵҶСĸ첲һ죬͸¶Ҹ
С磬ǧأϵĳһ˿˵һСұϻЩ⡣
ҶСʧ۵˭õһԸ𱬡ղŻ˷ŮӣʱȻһŮƢҲûˡ
Ͻ᰽ĿһҶС硣
ҶС˵ͷЦЦĵû뵽ߡ
·ҶС翴һķ˵ȳȥˣڿе㡣
˵꣬˳ȥ
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ҶСεЦЦղҲûпסԼ
ӣԪѾָˣû뵽ֺôŷǧҶСһ˵
ţȷʵָˣڻ˴ĴԪҶС˵ͷ
һŮˡŷǧ˵
⻹ǾͬġҶСЦЦҪŷǧͬ⣬ղͽ赲ˡ
Ҳǲ뿴ʹȥѾԼĶˣԺҪһ㡣ŷǧ΢΢̾һ˵
ǧҷЩģҶСͻȻʵ
ղ˾ڵʱ˷һʱľرңܶ๤׷׵գַ˼֣֯ĿŵĴڣǷЩңֱͰѰ̵Աˡ
ùڻǱȽȶҲ˶೤ʱˣѾˣΪΪؼġ
ģܶҵȷʵֹۣҪʼˣҪһ׼ŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ
еŨѾ˺ܶ࣬ÿ컹һһţҪ˶ãǵʻձߣֻҪйҲͻƵ쾳硣ҶС˵
ҪϽĬĬչҪȻµʱ޷Ӧԡ
šҪҰɣҶСڴĿŷǧ
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748 
ʱһ΢ĽŲֻһ˯µķ˳ӼΪߣϲ˺ΣŲЩȻ
ŲߵŷǧҶСһۣȻͷЩ˼ǾԼŷǧҶСԵʡ
̫ɵˣôռˡŷǧŷһһҵľ
ϵĺһֻӵ˲ӣҶСһЩ˵ǿҵģҸͲԸ⡣
ʲô㲻Ը⣿˭ղŽеôòƵ޹ģǿ̣ˡҶСװһ˺ܴί˵
㡭һ˫ĿҶС˵˻ЩߣԼ嶼ռھȻҷ˵òί
ҶС翴һᣬָɫʵ¸ô죿
ߣǲ֪ôɫ㲻ҪǵñƵ㣬㷢Ÿģ
ᰵɫҶСһղſһӣΪᰱأǻָˡ
ʲôô죿ҶСװһɻʵ
ᰲһվŷŭ֮ɫĿҶС˵ѵ׼ԸɾһĨܣ
Ŷ˵鰡ᰣôأ㿴𣿷һ㸺ģȹʱҰһȢˡҶСվߵߣɳϡ
ʱҶСŷǧұǷᰡ
ģ˭Ը޸ˡ᰺һҶС˵
Ѿˣ㲻޸һܼ޸˭ô㶼ı䲻һʵҶҵˡҶС˵
㡭˵ɣ׼νǹ˻˽ˣᰶҶС˵
ʲôˣʲô˽ˣҶСɻʵ
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ŷǧӦǿĵЦݣԼռ˺ܴıһ㡣
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ҶС۾һղźͷ᰻֮ʱͷˣΪ᰸ղô͸ˡ
ʲôһɻ֪˵ʲô
ᰣҲ֪ҶС벻ӵУŷǧϴЦʵ
ȻˣѵҲӵУǧӵСһ˷ܵץŷǧĸ첲˵ڴ
һμǺѩ˪ѩ龰𺳵ҶСһζ췣ʱչֵͨ˸޷⣬оҶСҪɱͬһֻ򵥣˵õǼٵġ
ܺõ뻵ȻҲܱԼİȫ
ɲӵеģҸ㽲һ³ʶŷǧ˵Ȼ᰽һ֪ʶѧĻ֡츳ȵȶ
ԭôӣоС˵еĹŷǧĽ󣬷᰸̾һǧǲҲҪһʼ
Ȼˣɸ¥ƽ㲻һʼѵֱӵǿСΪͨٶȾܹܶ࣬һʡʱ䡣ŷǧдЦ⿴˷һۡ
ŷǧĻ᰽ĿͶҶС磬͵˵С磬ңҴڹ
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ڡ᰸˵˵
ڣҲУȫ·ˣڿ롣
·ڹҪ·һɻ˵
ڹѣͨȫΪųڵҪҶСһ˵Щԥ㲻ԸҸͨǺ߰ǸղѾ̹ˣ㻹ʲôϽģһỹҪȥ
ͨޱȣһҧ˵ͷðɣ
˵꣬վɬ˯£¶ޱȻ塣


749 Ҵ
´˯£¶ģһͷ΢㷢Щң͸һ˿֮ЩӢ覵죬˵ĺ촽Ը
𪣬ޱͷͦСƽ̹һƽûһ˿׸⣬һ˫޳ԲһҰԣһоͻȳ嶯ѡ
ʲôϽ㡣᰽ߵ˿룬ҶСþδͺͳ嶯ϵĺһֱӵ˲ӣ϶ֳ˵ķۺ졣
ҰԵģҶСһ̾·ǺÿһԣŮ˵Ľڰ״̬ջӾϵĳǣʱᰵȴƷһ仰
ҶС˹ȥҲȶһ˷᰹ļϣһƽ̹СϣСɫƷ˷ᰵڣͨȫ
ҶСޱȾȵǣںܶྭǳͨģͲôֻͨľһ㣬΢һͳ忪ˡ
ҲãʡʹҶСԼΪչžҴ壬ʹǿȷ
ʱΧռеԴԴϵĽ˷ᰵڣЩҶСǴڷᰡһй·ͼ
У·ߡҶС˷ᰵĶߡ
ĵ˵ͷĬĬй·ߡ
ԼСʱʱ䣬ҶСչͺÿԼˣչ壬תΪᰵԵΪƺϣ̶ʮӵʱ䣬ᰵΪѾ˺۷壬Ҳһ֮ң
Ϊ徭ȫͨûôҶС粻һѣûʲôĵġ
ˣŷǧʵ
ţֻҪڼϰڹܹﵽءŷĿգǺɫ״ķҶС˵
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ŷǧĻҶСһȻ֪ĶҪȴû뵽Ҫֵز
׼ô죿϶ṱ׳ȥŷǧҶСʵ
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໥һۣ÷ᰵʲһ㣬ֱΪġ
ԼٹʮӺ󣬷˫Ŀһ˿΢Ļɫâһ
̫˼ˣоȫվ˷ܵ˵Ӷһ»ˣȻĿͶҶС磬м˵ллС硣
֮仹Ҫ˵ּĻ𣿡ҶС绵һЦ˵ߵǰ˫ĿһɫâӷᰵüĽ롣
ʲôоԼԺж˺ֵܶʵ
̺似ȵȣЩ쾳ǰģͻƵڴģ׹ֻһܴڸˣʲôˣҲ׼˵ȥҶСһ˵
Ϊʲô˴˲ҲͦõǻһԿЩΣԱᰲĿҶСղȷʵ׹ֵˣĻڶԿ˵Ĺоƣܹ
Ϊô򵥣Ȳ˵ܲ㴫ˣȷǲᴫڸˣ˭֪ǻ᲻һΥ飬οŪ˶֪һ˴ڣô᲻ף磬ͨͨ磬˹;һ
οⲿΪǿҸ˵ܹ׹Ķûл˳ȥӦõҶС翴ŷ˵
ղûôֻ࣬ȥץЩ׼ĴͽС磬ģһ˵ȥġ˵
ãϽϴ£ղŸ壬ڵһЩʶй˳ҶСָָ˵
ᰵͷһϽȥ
ҶСЦЦȻߵŷǧ˵ʱ䲻磬Ҹˣʱ㣬ҵĵ绰֪ʱϵ
šŷǧ˵ͷ¶һ˿ᡣ


750 
صӨѾʮˣӴ룬ĽѩӨڣ˵֪˵Щʲô
ҶСߵǽһɽˮǰɽˮйâһһʮ׵ѷǽϣŴ濨ȡ˳ŽѷУȻǿľǽϰһ°ɫķĩǸѷϣƬ̣Ǹѷʧˣƴûгֹһ㡣
ɽˮźãҶС˵ǰţʵһˣ˯ûУ
û˯ɣӨ洫˳
ҶСšҵ˽ȥֻĽѩӨ˶˴ϣӱԿΡ
ߣһΪֲˡĽѩܲƳҶСһ۵
ô᲻أѾˣȻҪҶСٺһЦĽѩߣǸղ˵ʲôĻ
Ľѩü΢ҶСһ˵˵ʲôʲôϵˣҪϢˣ컹ҪϿأ
˵꣬Ľѩһһ˫ĿһϣһҪ˯˵ӡ
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ڶ죬ҶС簴ʱϿΣϢһϵԵʾⱥ
һҾͿޱͶӵĿ⣬ҶСװûпصλϣ֪ȥޱ飬ֻӱܡ
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ĶˣһǺһϿγԷ˯ҶСЦЦ˵
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ʱÿʱ䣬ҶС綼ȥѵһˣϹΪʹ֮ں̵ܶʱΪܶࡣ
ʹߴڹǰǰʹ߶ﵽ쾳磬ѾΪҶСһ׼׵Ĵľ
ʹ⣬ʹߣǷֱϲ֮ʹ߿ʫŭ֮ʹߺ֮ʹ֮ʹСݣζ֮ʹ߹֮ʹҦš
˴֮ʹҦ⣬˶Ѿ쾳磬СݵĹʹõһܹ٣ϣɱΣ޴˷ʤСҶСر⣬һոմѧҵѧһҾưйΪЩֵ࣬䱻ҶС緢ˣҶСر崿лȻкϣͽ˽Ҵһɽ꡷ӡ
˸ЩʹߴڹΪ⣬ҶС绹໥д裬ϤԼĹֶκּܡ
νŵĸϰʱֻҶСһУʱʱȥŷǧ˳ͷӳ飬ʱ춼ȥͯתתһС£οһ¼įٸӹø
˹࣬ҶСϾһ˵ǣȻûиҶСɫԭҶСǿҰæûаﵽףˣʧ˼ˡ
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£ȴһоûУƶԷһİһ㡣
û¾ͺáҶСЦЦҪȥһ£ˣҲ֪һȽϺңҰˣŲݳĻҲ̤ʵ
ĽѩĬһ˵ðɣҪעⰲȫΣվͲҪȥˣҲ뿴˵ӡ
ģţΪ㣬һ˵ġҶСٺһЦ˵Өȥ
ʱڣΪ׵Ĺ֯Աֱվѩ·ǵȴʲô
ͻأ䣬ǰĿռѩһһɫ۵ӳǰ
ӡӰһһ˫΢΢ɫ
ɫۣԼʮӣ˰˵࣬㰲Űɣֻܶ֡
˵꣬һʧˣ֪
һЦ˾Ŀʧ˳ж
Ļ£ûйӵʱ䣬е˶ʧˣֻһصĽӡ


756 ¶
ճԹĽѩӨڳϴɳϿӵҶСоڴеֻ𶯣óһǷᰴģûнֱӹҶϣߵ˳ſڣæµ˵ѩЩˡ
ȥСĵ㡣Ľѩĵ˵ӨŤͷ˵ʲôջû˵
ҶС˵ͷ¥ȥ߳꣬Ϳ˳
ҶС߳Ŀһɣʵղôӵ绰
һΪ˸ʡ绰ѡҶСǺһЦŷȥһķ᰿˵ĸǻ𱬵ڵס
˵ϻˣϳû˵ߵǰ˽ȥҶСЦЦҲȥ˸ʻλãúõһƷȤû뵽ݣһǷ죬һһҶС粻ʶŮ졣
ҶþòˡҶС緽쵭һЦкŮ쿴ҶСʱϸֳĨΣҶС羪Ȳѣѵһǰ㺦ߵŮ
ȷʵþòˣô᲻ҶСޱƵʵ
Ѿˡ֪ҶС绰еһ˿˿ںԾɱŵЦ⡣
ҶС˵ͷĿһƳͻȻ䷢Ů첻ͣĶƶԼȤһ㣬ѵҵѾֵز
Ůǰʶ𣿡ҶСϹҳһ˿Цʵ
Ůգգ۾˵ͷȻҡҡͷʶ
ôͣضҿѵ㿴ˣҿŮѵˣҪĿҵĻҿΪѵĺһҹҶСһӡ
ҸʲôʱҶСоԼһʹгᰰĿûпһۣҶСһƣĿͶŮʱ˾Ůܺ档
ңҲŲῴأ¶񡣡Ů˵ĻоóܵǴѧУձҵá
¶ʲôʱ˱¶񣿡ҶСɻĿʵղŶ˵ʶԼôһҧǱ¶أΪ벻ͨͷ˿Լ·ĺúõģûб¶ʲôզأ
Ů㶼˵ǵһμˣô˵Ǳ¶񣿡
ҿƬǡŮ·֪Լ˵©ˣСŤͷͷҶС硣
ʱҶС۾һ˿ɫȻĿͶ˹ȥ
ЦЦ˵ҶӦüǵһںϷɣ۵ûд·ǹּŮͬ־
ǰɣԺôأҶСһ̾ӣͻȻ䣬ĿһתŮ˵ŮǲҲҵƬһٿ飬Ǯ
ҶСĻŮһ죬ҶСһۣһ˫ۡ
ˣС磬¶¶Цˡʱ˵
ҶСԹתŤͷѩ
Լʮʱڵ˱̺һ·ڣ·ڻͣ·ڣֻȻҲΪ˷ֹѡ
Է³ҶСʵ
ȫɽׯǵѾѸ·ڰΧˣҪȹ֯Щ˽ĸֶǲܽȥץˡָ⣬һƻԻ͡ɽˮɽׯ
Ի͵ĵƹ£ÿïܵľͶ³ӰӣͬһֻֻԵ֣ѩ£ȻôҿвѩͣزѩҪȻϣ޷ͨУʱѩĺѾﵽ˽һߣһǰδĴѩ
ͣ·ߣϵ˴һк᰾ͺҶС硢췵˳ʵ̫ˣѩƮµĲѩСźĴ˵ۡ
ҸأҲɽׯڣҶС翴ŷʵ
ţǸܴ֪ܲǱ߿϶ᱻץʱ򣬶ɽׯǹҳһ˿֮ɫУҸѾܲˣ綼ᱻץߡ
ҶС뿴ǾװһװҶС¶һ˿⡣
ô֣ѵҵЩ˻ûɻ˵
綼ˣɽׯΧǹڵȴһʵʱҶС˫Ŀɫâ˿Ƿıⳡѩµ漰ʱôѩмˣһսʼҲɱҪ鷳Ҵѩ·ܶܲȥ
ܸоԷʵ𣿡ʵĿЩΡ
ܣԷʵǿɽׯϿյϾܿĳҶС˵
˵ⳡս˭ʤ˭ܻһ
ӦǰɣҵЩ˻ռһƵģϾǻġҶСЦЦ˵ͻȻĿһ׼ˡ


757 ս1
ɽׯʮ׵¥ϻ߸ߴľϣʮӰưҹеɽׯȥٶȼ죬գۼʧˡ
ǽɽׯʱ򣬼ֲϢ䣬ɽׯں͵ҰޣϢ˲ϢܾﻹףǣҶСܹоСγ΢Ĳ
оɹǿƣҶС֪ѾʼֲˣģȥŤͷ˵ᰣҳȥǾڳ
˵ţҶС򿪳ţ׼ߣʱҲ˳ţҲҪȥ
ȥʲôɽׯڶ쾳ǿߣȥĻ̫ΣˡҶСüͷһ˵
㲻쾳ȥ᰿ҶС˵Щ
֣Ƕ쾳еĳ֣ҶûаնԸҪǴȥǲΣˡҶСҲ;ܾˣһӰȥٵģҪңжңҪжڣϷǻǸ׸ֻĸ
㲻ȥҾԼȥ᰼˵ҶС磬лһίĹâ˵ҶŮˣ㾹㻹ȥ̫ˡ
һɣȥ׼ʲôȻеװһ˵
ȥ׼ʲôᰲûлشҶС⣬߸ҶС硣
ҵȻȥ׼æˡ
ȥôս뵽һɡ
ҶСüģһڴӣε˵ðɣһҪҵĻҪȻǾԲȥġ
ҴӦ㡣붼ûʹӦ
һӵʱ䣬½һ¡ҶС׼뿪ͻȻﻹľ죬ΪӳķڲߵĻΥ˼ɣ񽫴Ůʲôʱܿȫһ㡣
ҶСĻͶһмĿ⣬Ȼص˳Ӻ󣬷˳˷֮ɫźˣ߰ɣ
ҶС˵ͷԼõ̤֫ѩ޺ۣɽׯȥûָоķ˷ܺͼᶨԴĿҶСϣŰѩӳĹâܹСǣǵǰһߣͱһεˣ𾪲ѣ
ҶСֶΣһΪľġ
ɽׯҶС籧ŷᰵ֫վ˾ǽֵķΧһ֮һøߴϣϸɿݵ֦˵һľΨԼ
˷һĵӣҶСЦЦοģ㲻ȥģҵͨγһѭƾڵǾϽڵ¡
˵꣬ҶС罫ĿͶս
ֻҹУһǿϢ𣬷·Ҫɢ۵Ʋ㣬ɫâҫĿ޺ƵĹâҪãϺѩȻɢ£ܶļľʯ·ӿݣصĲɫƹյյ
ֲϯķƬնڶʮֽսڣûһƮ££ͱֱֲ
ǷƻصֶΣһĿɿڴ˵˻
֪ΪҲҸ㴫ڵѧȥԭÿһϵȵĹԴһ壬ûһὫڸˡ
֪ˣģҲᴫڸ˵ġ᰼ᶨ˵
Ǿͺãߵ磬߶ɽУֻ㹻Ĵڣ쳾ۻ̫֮ˣͲʺοҲԺͨһƽʱҲǺǡҶС֪еɻΪš
ôŴУᰰҶСһۡ
ȻΪʶ㰡ɽУʲôʶ㣬ΪҵŮˡҶСٺһЦ˵
㣬һϲӡᰵҶСһۡ
ĹǵĲͬǺǣʱͻסҶСһĪ˵
ҾˣߡЩˣŤͷսԼŮˣԼһԴЩί
ͻȻ䣬һѵΪԼݣҲֻԵʰɣϾԼǹҵˣгһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ʱһɫâڵҹâޱȣ̺ž·Ƭնᱻնơ
ҽ͸ɫĹâܹѪѪɢ˽׾Өѩϣͬŵ÷ޱȡ
תۼ䣬־ʧȥʻҶС粻һֽ
ȷѾһֶֽȥοͨˣҶС֪ϣʧˣ³ͨ⣬е߶Ҫ컹Ǻ졣
ҶС鿴һ£ɽׯк߲ʮңȫˣɽׯڵѩᱻȾ޵ѪɫѩҲѪ


758 ս2
ɫâҫƬأ·Ƭؼֻʣһɫâһ෢ģֳһӲӵĳ۶ɵġ
һ֮¾ͿԿʵҶСŮ˲߿˼֣Ҫ֪ûʹԼɱﵻ
ʱ뽻սض⣬һŵ񹹽ķУһͷɫкµĴһϺɫ̴ľϣһ鼮ԵľϷһ״ƿʢɫͨĲˮ󣬿⣬мֵš
ĹսءѪգȻͬ磬˹һ֮ɫĿŴ
С㣬ȥ˹ҧҧ˵Ȼͷ
Ƭ̺󣬴е飬˫ַϣϲһŮˣ˹˵㵣İΣ
˹˵ͷ
ȥɣСһ㣬ĳǸҲϣܵ˺Ĭһ˵ĿЩ΢΢ĵģô˵˹ǺСһ𳤴ģ˵ͬðɣܵ˺
䣬оӽ˹Ŀĵģڸ˵ǰ׳գߵһָоĽӽƭԣǣֻһָоȫû֤ݣҲֻ˹ѣûֹ
ллС㣬Ҳڵʱ򣬻ϣСúչԼҪ̫嶯ʵڴ򲻹ܣС㣬ˡ˹˵ûзӦԥһ£ת뿪ˡ
˹뿪󣬴ĿһĨ⣬΢΢̾һôΰ
еľϣתߵһ䣬һ˳һ޺ɫۣסɫסˣ˫ĿɫⲻгһƬء
Сǰ߳һѾ˷棬ľӨѩܺ񣬵ûһ㣬˫ŸѩûаȥƲԸƻ
΢΢˺ǷƮѩվľ棬Ŀսĳ棬ͻȻ䣬Ŀһ΢΢һ𣬡ôˣ
һ˫ʯһ˿ã漴ָ½ĿͶս
ʱǴһˣ˲ⲿŵЩ˵Ѿ׳Էܺһ㣬ԷʱѾʧ֡
ʱһ˶ս֣ǿĴƬض˶ͷ׵磬ʱʱһȣֲɢΪѾ죬ǣԿ˵ϣڶʱڻǲġ
˵ΪңǾͨϻ֮ʵɱӣһʱֲ£˵սҲݱޱȡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСоұЩ춯ֻһɫ۵վھʮ״ϣĿսĳ
ţҶС֪ǹ֯ˣ˸ҶСһĪΣϢ̺ԨƺֲޱȣΧɢһĪĲƽ뵽һռ䡣
أҶСĿһʱᵽ˷˵;ȫǰ˶սµ
û뵽лĸ֣һҶСɣ˵㣬лİæҪȻЩӶ۵ĻˣĿͶ˹һȤ֮ɫ
лֶѣοҺǻѣΪѰһСæӦõġҶСǺһ˵ʣǣ
ңǺǣǵĳ˵εΣգصǰɫ۵˵
СֵܣûȤǣ
ǣˣһɹ˲ϲԼοһǸѧѧҵ룬ǴҪġҶСһ֮ɫĿǿѧһ㡣
Сӻ治һĽƻֲ඼޺޵ֱҧɫ
ףγ棬һĴѧ˺ǺһЦ˵ûеҶСѷܡ
ⳡսĽӵģ
¶䣬˭Ҳ޷µ͸ֵ֣ĻһһʤġҶСĿƵĿ˵
СϷһˣȥչ鲻ãʵڲУٳҲ١˵
һҽ𣬼һֱһϮɫ۵ķ룬ӿѪҺȾ˺ɫ
նɱһˣһһͻȻޱȣƳ˴ҩһ㣬ʤľƽһк
ʱͻȻ䣬䣬ɫ绨ڵߣһֱ£˱Ƥڣͷϻð̣զѩǱ
츳ߣԵ츳ߣһص˵ôһʵǿ츳ڣҪʧˡ
ꡭһɫ磬һӰĻ鴤ֹﶼͻ˰ĭʱһα仯Է˾񣬷ߵˣĻ̻̣ÿսʱʱʱգɫ罵£սȻ½


759 ս3
һѵһľۣѩڵĻɫߣϳ֣úܶͨ𾪲ѣҪ֪ڶûдȴˣܶ˷׷һĻ澰
ǲ֪ǺڰĻϵ粢ǴȻγɵģΪγɵģһǿ׳۵ķ羰ͼ˿ȷʵһĹâ
ɫһ䣬̺пֲ֯ԱѾˣһƬ岻סĲɥʧս
ԼôͱĿһһһõĽɫƥ̺ϢĿֲΧָϽֵ
ȫһΧ֣ʶչ鿴Ǹʹ׵츳ٸţΧռ켣ڿǸ츳ߣǸ츳վڷһɫĴ£沿һĨɫ˿ڵȥֻܿһӰ
ӰȻǴԼһ·磬ڲֵĻ¾ͻܵĺܲңοҲҪһսͻơ
ڿǵ·磬㲻ȥæ𣿡ҶСŤͷʵ
ڻûаܣɽˮĵزٳҲٰ˵
Ͳ˶ˣҶСֵʵӵĻŵĴʽҲ̫˺ˡ
ģʵ֣һֵģʵͶԷʵ࣬˾ˡ˵˵Ǻ⣬ҶСжһ󷢺
֯һֱӵģҶСЩʧ֮ɫʵ
ǣֻҶԴӡ˵˵˶٣ϹҳһĨЦ⣬ǲǾ̫ˣǺǣܶ˶ҵ֪Ȼıʾʤ̭ǿʳǰһضˣôԺ󻹲ҪȻҪһĺã糬
˵ĻҶС֪˼Щƫ̲סһ䣬ܹ𣿲ܰɣȻ֪Լ綼Ҫôڲȥأ
˵һһףþ˵ҲҪмֵˣһڡ
ľŴﵽأ̺ȴǳֲҶоЩľǸ̥ԺɾͲͻʥҲûпܡ˿ҶС˵
ҶСûдĿͶվƬս򣬱˻ͦƵģĻ󣬶˵ӡΪĹֲۣͻƲʥԭ⡣
ĿнɫâһԾ𣬼䣬ŴŲæһ˫еڰĻϵе໥ӳģ
һĻŴٱƽ츳߾ΪǿǶԶ̹ǿȺֻҪܹⳡսûʲô
һͷϵͽȻ䣬ƾճһƬ磬ЩܼĽ֯һγһޱȾ޴ĵֶ
ҶС΢΢üоرϤĿȥԶԶֻһĨɫӰԷòҶСеֵֹĸоʲôȴ˵
ơཿһһƴΧĵƾһնһ֮âնư׺գǰĵͱն˿ǵâҲ֮
׼ʱЩͻȻ仯磬ֱֱ£ΪЩʵ̫ܼˣûа취ܣֻӲӣɫĻסγһһԲΡ
ꡣһ죬飬ɫ˱䣬ǰһƬһƬĻͼסϮ
ˣһˣȻûڣܵ˴ˣʱ֪ԼǶԷĶ֣ǣȻǰȥΪʱѾԷʮ׵ľˣǰһ㣬նɱԷİվͻˡ
ɣȵƾһգһɫУӶŷһķâκ飬ֱ򷿶ϵĴ
û㣬еĳǰ״ͻȻٶ˺ܶ࣬һƬ츳ߵ֮һԶԼΧһΧڵĿռʵ־ƿء
д󺧣û뵽Χռһﵽ־磬־ƿصĿռڣͲ̸ܽ˺Էأ
ûзʹȫһɺƺǵĽɫâƻһĹâһӴ˴ƿصĿռ䡣
ĿһٴιȥĿ࣬ƾƮȥһֱƮһôϣзһâ
ʱ˭Ҳûпɫɴ£ǳһ˿˿Цһͻأǰûаף̺ſֲ
ƿؿռ䷶ΧڣеĹһͿɵͲ˷Ӧʱ䡣


760 ս4
һҫɫâ׵磬һ࣬ڰе࣬һڱεһɢʧȥ֧ŵһӵȥ
ɫש߹ʽкĻѩ˵Ҳôʹڷʱûн෴һͨһ£׵Ч
վݺһôϵĴĿһУ˫Ŀɫâҫ˫һĪĹ켣γɽ״ĵе๥ȥ
áվҶСʮ˿ɫһ䣬һ΢΢һΣʧˡ
һӳǰʱ׵յץǡö˹ȥķݿɾˡ
䡣һ죬ߴɢŹŵϢķ˲䵹̮ҶСľѣû뵽ô޴ղŹƵϣѾƬ
ҵĸоûдһλԱߡվϵĴƽ˵΢΢ЩɳƣǲҶСϳɣ
ܸоĵʵҲͦǿġ˵ʱվ˾뵹̮·׵ĵط
ڵ׵Ѿָжһˣ˫ĿнɫâתȻлɱﵡ
ȥնɱˣ㲻Ķ֡ʱļһ˵
ǣӣлл㡣˵һ䣬˺ƺڰеʧȥټͶսΪղŴͻȻֵԵʣһһÿ˶ڿ֧ţڿ룬һʿ
һռһؾĸ֡
С磬ղǸô׵磬ǲرŤͷʵղſ˾Ȼ׵繥ˣǳ𾪣ֶֹ˷ʤ
ǰǧѾ˵𣿴ȻԵľˮףղǸõľ׵֮һ츳ߣǿһ߽ǵجξ͵ˡҶС͵
ܴùղǸ׵𣿡ʵ
֪ΪֹûʹʵҶСĿص˵
ʲôڻûжȫɣ𾪵˵ղսУʵǿ󣬱ܶ࣬ǣһת۾ͱʩչ׵֮˴ˣԷȻûжȫܲʹ
ȷʵûжȫսʼһݲȵӣûгȫҶС˵ĿĶ˺ʹǸ
ӦǵɣѪɷʯ׼ʲôʵʵ˵һ·ſֲϢΧ֮ڵϵѩȫһεų⣬˫ĿоĿʵʣƵƽ
ûлشҲҪش𣬳ܿܣֻʵ֤һУ˫ֻڰĻƲƶΧĿռ΢΢ɢһɿֲĲϢֻüĴƳһı־
Ȼ䣬ӴϸΧγɣؼԵӿ磬ԽԽ֣Ƹ첲һϸ
֪ٵȴˣ׵ۼĻͻвһһɫâΪľС
ھʮ֮⣬һ죬һؿή֦ϣɫâӿή֦ɢĻȻѿһ䣬ŨܵҶţֱһ漣
ֳ֦һľ괺
֦ï̹أҶһɼǿɢΧƳһƬõɭ֣ɭǿľ
Ȼ˵٣ڣͻתΪԵＫطĵ
˿Ҵ⣬֪ӵĿֲֻŭ̺пֲһ֮˹ȥ
䡣Ȼͬ໥ײؼ䷢һ񱩵Ĵӣܵ˺ˮΧľȫ˷ĩѩʯ·涼ҷ𣬷ɳʯֲ֣ˡ
ѩľмУ˵սḻץսһ׶εĹâӿֲд嵹ɶȥĴȥٶȼ죬תۼ͵˴ߡ
ܴѾƿؾ磬ܹΧһΧڵĿռγ򳡣ⷽףⲢ˵ǾģֻҪǿǸ򳡾Ϳ˲乥ơ
ǿ󹥻ҶС֪ܹ׵֮츳߰ˣȻ˻ıɫ׶ڵǰ״ʱ˶ռ䶯һ¾ͼǰȥ
ϽˣǣѾˣԷĹҪﵽˣгһ˿ϧ֮ɫһҪˣ·ѾƬӡ
ͻȻ䣬оһ˿ԾΪӶԷпһ˿ĻţǰķԼԷƽˮûʲô仯


761 ս5
һĻһ֪ﲻԾϾԷƽĿ£ƽļ¡
ͻȻ䣬ףԷȻƤӵʧˣһƬ𾪣Ҫ֪һ츳ȻƶѸ٣ǣƶԭǿͨеǶԷƶʱûио
ѵΪѾҲĵزˣôأѾﵽ۷壬ʥҲֻһ֮ңΪĵֵزǾʥˣôأģһʲô
˼շתǧ֮ʱͻȻ쵽һΣյϢഫͷûлͷһƴȵӿͬ񳱰ӿ죬ȴûһ˿˵ӣΪһƴˡ
ʱһƾʮ׵ľ룬겻йΣеһ̶ͷ˺飬ƾǿΪսľ飬ͻȻһࡣ
ءһƽʵʵĴϣһǿɫƻڵһУ£ϻһԼҵѩۡ
һĻ֯Щ˿УǶ¶˵ĵɫӵʵֻģû뵽Ӷһƴ˳ȥ
һվѩͷϡ·ѩǱѣɫһƬ࣬㻹ǸߣܺãܺãΪӦѾﵽ죬츳Ҳﵽƿذأû뵽һǴˣ㾹Ȼ˵ң㿴ҵʵ
˵꣬ɫ۹ɢһҪصϢΧĿռΪһ壬Ѿֱռˣ׷ıͲܽʮɵķΧ˫ĿҫűɫâĻļ϶е̹ת
һͤĴɫһƬأȻ츳ߣΪ츳ߵΪ˰ؾ磬Ҫ۷սЩѡ
û뵽Ҳ츳ͬޣѹʵôǿҶ͸һƴϣҶС΢΢һ̾ĿԽ
սʱϾͲʹ츳ߵղŴӴɫ۵ŮϣԷ߼ܺ츳ߵȫںһһλҪúÿԷĹֶΡ
Ը㲻ʧܣҶСŲܴܲùŮӣֻҪԼܹõԼҪĶ֪ˡ
С磬ߺ츳ͬޣǲߵļ᣿ʱ᰺ʵ˵ŽӴ磬ںܶ鶼˽⣬˺档
ǵģȻֻӢһҶСЦЦ˵
С磬ܲܳΪ츳ߣ֮ɫ˵
Ҳ֪˵츳ߣǴСйȻ츳ȳǿȻҲЩڳɳĹܵĳЩĴ̼üΪǿΪ츳ߡҶС͵
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˵׼˵һӶܳΪ츳ߣҲ˵ͳΪ츳ߣҲ𲻸ˣҸ㴫ڵ׹úԻһϯ֮ءҶС簲οŷ˵ʵ˵Ҳʵ飬ǰСĻڵĳɾͱֻ߲͡
ҶСĻ¶˿ĵЦݣƿԼһվϵӣ˫ȭգһᶨӡ
ʱѾսһ𣬾ΪĸߣΧɢŵ츳򳡣ǣֶβѧս츳ߵһһʱ䣬˻κβ˴
ǵսǽʱʱˣսĳأ츳ʱ޿̲һˡ
һʱ䣬һǱսѾʣʮĸˣԷڻʮ֣ȥ²ȺŮӣǵ˾ս꣬Ⱥ˾Ҫˡ
Ĵ˵Ȼ֪һʱҲûа취ֻܹǿܹġ
ҶС磬㻹æһ˶ԿˣŹļ϶ŤͷҶС纰ղڴ򶷵ĹѾҶС磬ҶСǳˣûпĶãֻʣߣû뵽ҶСֻϿϷͲ֣һһ㣬вǼٵġ
ڻҳֵʱ򣬵ؼʱһֵġҶСٺһЦ˵
ֱҧ޲ָҶСһʱ䣬Ȼڽж˿ι˼ֻҪѹסеŭ
ں˴սĴҶС˵ںڵĽ΢΢һ𣬱ʯһ˿ӵʱڸоǲĤѾһѺۣڼʹûдսҲܹͻˣҪʱȴܳ
ĿᶨҲˣǺӲӲʹʵԷ
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762 ϳ
ڰĻһ߻Ƴգ£ҪأӿȵĴӣϺĻѩ£ɫâ֯ɺһ·
һƬССУҪΪңÿһʯ쾪֮ƣ֮ռ䶯ľݻ٣ֳսΪֲƶնϽɽ
ڿսҶСͻȻ䣬ĿͶ˾ܽӰһӰѾΣӰһˡ
ղæοǾԼǰܻ᲻֣һץ߸ƿӴϸ֦Уһ߸֦һź˷ȥ
еƿ˸ϽܣȻܹ֦ǻһûжܹȥ߸֦üģʧĲˡ
յԱҶСͶмĿͶս
Ĵڣս·磬Ǻֹۣܲóһصǹ֧Χûע⣬һⷢƼһ㣬һ˶ⶴࡣ
ûõǴӵ¿ռѹεڴҶСҪЩΪ̫ˣǲûдϡ
߻ûʹǹ֧쾳ߣǹ֧һѾûˣܳǰѾ˵ǵսʱ򣬾ȫˡ
ʱ޴˲ϽóܶΪܲϳѪ
ĳһӴ˺˵ţƾתǷ·磬ȥʧֻʱ⡣
һĴγ籩ǣ˹һײĽ
ͻȻ䣬ҶС翴һƬɫƴĶΧĴʣ̽һǿǸͳС
ͷȥһɫ˿ʲƬ鲼ƬǸղŮɵɴҶСϸ˿һΪϤܰ㴫˱ǿףܰ㻹ĵĻ档
ҶСһǲ˼֮ɫûζͬϵζôأôأ
һѧڵʱ䣬ϤĲϤˣ༶ҲֻҶСʹΪϤ˵ûһоǲܵģ黹У֮ҶСѾԼˣû뵽ȻǰеˣҶС֮
ΪʲôҪƭأΪʲôԣֻܲϵζͬѣҶСԼһڣҴûϸоκεһҶСȻģǣҲ֪ԼƭԼΪÿ϶ɢһֲͬζǧ磬û˵ϵζȫͬ
һ˿ϣҶС綢վһþϵĺŮӣдһ˿΢𣿡
ҶСȻ󣬵ȴƬУл쳹ÿ˶ҶСĻ
Ǹһڷʲô񾭡һսһ
վϵĴ΢΢һͻָȻֻһ˲䣬ǣҶСԾɲˣ֪ǾǴкң֪ôźá
ʱҲܸӣ΢΢һ£谭ΪͻƵǲĤϣѷ죬ҪͻƣʱܹͻƣģĿľΪں쳾жԼԼΪͻƣȻĿѾﵽˣЩʧ䡣
ʱһƳ֮䣬ͻأǰʱȻҷ񣿡
ʵ̫ˣͷӦżһٺˣͬʱǰĻ
ǣ˵Ĺ̫ˣ̺ž޴Ļ飬ֻƽʵʵӡϡ
嵹ɶһѪ˳ѪҺѩͬ޵÷ҶСһְۣæܣʵܽڳ˶ɱ
С㡭ʱһӰ˹һͷ𷢵˹Ȼ뿪˴ȥǣǱʱû˹ʹ˹
û뵽ȴ˴˵һĻ
û£㲻õġ˵ţһѪ˳ܵ˺صˡ
С㣬Ͻ뿪ɣҪȻһ߲ˡ˹ǵš
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С㣬·Сģһѹضȹһȥġ˹֮ʱ⣬С㣬ϽߣѾˡ
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˴һͬʱһ貵ıɫâĳ
˹Ǽᶨӣһߵľ룬ܹ̺ĵĲ֣һΧɢĹâȴϣһۣ˿Ȼûжǰȥһ˵ǰ
˹Ĺϵ˲òٶ㿪Ȼ˹ΪܵͣͲǴʱһСɫȴòӣΪҪ׷ǰĺŮӣͱ뾭Ůһء
ץסˡ˴һǷŭ
仰ǸҶС˵ģϾʱҶСڵλþֻ£ҶСԸôȥץأ
׷ȥôȴôһ˿˿Ľ٣ջûж
ҶС粻ж˲֪˭һõĺ⣬ҶС翴ˣǵ⴩͸˴塣
һĻҶСһʹͺƸղǵâ͸һ㣬ɹȥʱһʧˡ
ʱ˹Ѿײ˵ϣϱһǿ򳡣Ǹһ˹嵹˳ȥݺݵѩѪӿ
ɹˣĿɱһ˹ʱҪ׷Ŵʧķ׷ȥ
㲻ȥ𣿡Ťͷʵ
ʲôҶСװһͿ˵
ǸŮˣѵ뿴Ǹµɱץߣ᰽ضҶҶС磬ҶСпʲôҶСΪƽͿ
ΪʲôҪȥҺֲʶҶС絭˵ĿͶǸս򣬴ʱĺң֪ôźãȷʵȥлĻְæôߣǣܾôƭο֪һܹߵģǸоҲûжΪؼһ㣬ùҵЩ˻Ͱ֮йϸҪ֪ڴĿɲһˣΧôŮӣˡ
᰿˿ҶС磬ͲϣȻջĿ⣬ûʡ
ʱӰ˹ǰǵΪǺ졣
˹С㣬ô˹Ѫӿģһӵĵʵ
û˹СѾˣʲôʣǻϽ˹С̧ߡһ˵
˸Ͻ˹̧ˣȻڴ򶷵ǿѾע⵽ǵľֻǵΪʵ̫ˣ᲻κȤҲߣҪϴһΡ
սѾûˣ߶ʮǿߣʱֻʣʮһʮˡ
ʱһɫӰҶСһþϣǸղ׷ϴˣɫޱȣղ׷ȥʱѾʧˣûһ˿ۼ֮
ͨʹս֪ǱζԷɳԺһһУҪΣնɱѿ״̬ʧˡ
ŤͷҶС磬ĿŨҵɱʵղôȥ׷
ʱ˶ԴҶС̬Ⱥ͸ղŽȻͬƱһһ㡣
ΪʲôҪȥ׷ֻϷġ̬ȼΪãҶС΢΢ۣ˵
㡭նǻӦģȴȥǲǿΪͰֻʲô᣿Ц
˵ĻǲҲΪͰйϵΪ˼Ҹ߳ô࣬οԷѾˣ˵û׷˭أǲǿΪǹƷġҶС粻˵
һСӣʵǲʶʵĻɲҪҶ֡˵Ǻ֮ɫ
Ҳʶսҷ㡣ҶСƽ˵ɢһĪĲǹɲ࣬;첻κ
гź⣬һƬ𣬺Ҫ߻ħһ㣬ӿΪ¡
ʱһӰ˹һµ࣬ղ˳ҩζĻϽ˹սȻӺµҶСˣҲ֪ԼΪʲôᵣҶС磬ΪҶС缸ξȹԵʡ
ӣôˣû°ɣվǰ㿴ЩԾ·Ǳħһ㡣
һɫ˼֣ͷЩ飬ҶСǼɵ֮ɫ㣿ղʲôֶΣ
˵ղ׼ֵĻһ㶼붯ˣղһ˲䣬·żطŭԼѾԼˣڻе¡
Ҫ˵𣿡ҶС絭˵
зź⣬ȴûٸҶ֡
ҶС磬̬ܲܺһ㣬ô˵Ƕǹ֯ԱҲ˽һѡ˵
ӣҿԱ֤ҶС֮ûӴϵüζְǣҲ˵
Ȼ㱣֤Ǿˡ˵˵һ䣬ȻһʧˣĻһ̨£ȻѾ׼ˣֻ뿪οѾûиˣʣµȫԸ㶨


764 ΰİ
ҶС໥ţҪֵʱ쾳ӽˡһϢ˹̧˾սһ䷿ڡ
䷿Уüͷʱʱо˸¶һ˿֮ɫҲ֪ΪԼĻΪ˹
үү˹Сˡһ˽漴̧˹˽
˹Σ߶Ѫӣæ˹ȥ˹˻Уһʹĵӣ˵ôôҪŻңҴȥҽ
𡭡֪Ѿˡܹʶ㣬һˣȿȡ˹ȳһѪǵѪѪȾֱۣİɫ޷
ʶ㡭ʱֵġӣлл㡭֪ԸѧҲΥ涨㴫ϵȵĹҪȻ֪ˡġ֪ҵѾҪ˾ͷ֮ǰһԸȻܲ⡭ҲĿһ㡭˹飬ŨŨĲԼ
˵ˡ˵Ļûġֹ
˹ҡҡͷ˫֣ϣĦţҪԶסҡúõĿһۡ
ǳȵİ⣬ְ⼴ʹڱҲڻͻȻ䣬̾һִƶͷ˫ĿбŷһɼΪõĹâнɫâͷ롣
𶯡ȫҵùඥ֮Ľ㴫ҵΪն١Ҫˡ˹һ԰׵Ŀ£ݵڣĵеľȻںʹǣΪİ˷ǣȴ˿˿ġ
ඥ֮ĽѾˣֽҪԼΪӹܹӶٹҲ˲ȷأΪؼиԼţ˹ඥҲǺɵġ
ɫΪҰ׵˹ʹ࣬Σջȫǰ
ӵʱоڣͷһֻഺ˹òޱȣȫļͰ͵ĺʧȥˮ֣ҲһһųԵѾȥˣ·֮һƤѾˣʧȥһĨЦݣʾʱ֣ܿҸ
ŻΪôŮӵʬ壬оӨˮͷĸɱ촽һ£һǳ˺ں飬˰ۡ
˹˵ллΪһУҴûϲ㣬ҶеֻãΪҵĻôʹǰҲ֪ʲôǰΪ˺ֻ֮ãеֻα̰û뵽İߣȴ֪ϧԲ𡣡
еˮʯĳͬΪĿĲֶΣû뵽ԼΪһλûаŮᡣ
ûŮӣʱ򣬻Ϊ룬ܹһȴʹеһиң߹ңֻأܹ˸ҷģһúûţŬ㣬»磬ֻҪܹҴÿǷκ˶ǣҾҿǷ㣬Ƿһ
ܸѾˣǸϽ߰ɣҪȻ߲ˡʱ̾һ˵Ҳû뵽¾ȻôΰŮˡ
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ǰûϲ˹Ҳ̶̵ļӼ䣬׵ϲŮӣǶô̵鰡
ܶΪòĺѾʧȥ˵Ĳģǡڹ仰
ͻȻ䣬˹ʬվϵ۲õǱĳޣеǷݿ˹Ӱӡ
֣߰ɣڰȫ𣿡ָ侲еĹâˡ
ȫˣѾһСسǣǵĿ길貢ûмء赭һЦ˵
ǻɣʱһĴ˽ת˲䣬һɫ۵Ӿͳǰǹ֯ĳԱǷϹģҸˡ
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ſүҪȻһ˫Ŀбųһ⡣
ϴ󣬸˵ʲôϻֱӳȥɱˡһſĽ
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֪ǲЩ˳ģҪȻԻʧȥ˹һľͰ׷ˡ
ȥɣģɱҵģɱҵĻ綼ɱˡƽ˵
Щߺ˼û뿪ﾯվš
û뵽ôҳϣͲҪˣֻ˾͹ˡɫ۵˵һӣõĹâ˹̧˽Ӿͱ˳ȥ


765 пɱ¾
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ô۹⿴ңǲϲңϲңң˵ʵʵҲעܾˣҪ̸̸룿ҶС٬һЦҲ֪ô£һСŮ̬
㻹Ǹ۲۵åʼһΪҴˣڿһ㶼ûԩ㡣ҶС˵
å˭һúģȻ㶼˵ˣǲһʲôǲǾͶԲղ˵ĻˡҶС籧ŷ֮Сһ
̰һ£ǹɵ㣬˫ĿȼŭĿƣ΢΢Ը촽ʱһʹ˹ȥ׼˼ҵĺ촽
ʱͻȻоһʹŤͷһֻһ˫Ŀһ֮ɫܲܰǸϰ߸ĵ
ֻǿЦѡҶСڨڨһЦ
ЦЦ׼˼Ůӣ׼˼ҽĻȥҲᷴԡ᰸ҶСһŪ
˭Ҫ޸ˣǸӣ˾Ͷġ˵ҶСһۡ
㿴ôģôû³֪Ůһǿķǣ˵ĶǷҶСٺһЦ˵
Ťͷ֪Լ˵ҶС磬ûٿڣĬһʵʶǸ˰ɣҪȻҲ񡣡
ʶҰϴˡҶСЦЦ˵Ȼ˵ԼʶˣɵӲŻ˵
˵ͷһƮƮȻѾҪսȥߵʱһ仰ԺСĵ㣬ץ˰ѱСһӣȻƽʱֵģһܺദӣͲŹκγĻᡣ
û뵽ǸˡԶȥıӰҶС˵
ΪЦŮ˾ǻŮˡᰵһҶС˵
֪һȻЦҲǸŮˣڴϣٺ١ҶС绵һЦĿ˷ͦķ͡
һ죬¶һСŮ̬ҶСһۡ
ʱļ룬һȺ˸ǱܶܲѾռˣսϸǲ硣
Ƭ̺ЩֻʣѾˣڵϢҲѣһɫâޱȣƶܹնϿռ䣬γɸ㣬Ϊ˶ȫɥ
սĿ꣬ľٻüŵ䷿ݺ͹ͤһѷ棬ѩеĵطеĵطеĵطûУʱѩͣˣֹͣˣٲͣĻϾа׺ˡ
ףҪȥ༸ʮ쾳ĸ֣ɽׯߵķɳ۶ȥɻʵ
Ǳвٺ쾳ߣҸӾҶС˫Ŀ˸ž˵ߣȥ
˵ţŷᰣŲ֦Ǳ߷ɳ۶ȥվھʮһͣĿһС
ֻվǰ棬ʮɫ۵ŮǰʮߣЩ˵Ϊݬ룬ͶǺؾ磬ΪߵǸѾ˺۷ˣֻһͿԵ쾳硣
һᣬ־ܣòȻЩֵĽǵİĿɫĹâһɨ˵۽ǵ⿴һ۲ԶҶС硣
Щ˶ǰеˣΪߣȴرãӵܹͶΪõĻͲټƽǰ飬ԸͶǿֿ׵Ļ͸ɱۣϾЩӵпֲʵҪǷųȥĻʱ˭Ʒˡ
־ܣЦǶģλξ壬Ϊ˴ƳٵĵΪ˴ֻǸʼЩΨһһ۷ǿ˵ðųȵĹâ
ԣǾԲλξ壬Ϊ˴ƳٵĵΪ˴ֻǸʼɽׯÿ˶һӡ
һȺӣʮʵͽҲܹôʵͽͺˡЩˣҶС˵ڰЩû뵽ǵôǿ
Щ಻ϵеķɫ࣬Ϊ˵ɱһ
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ϺĻѩ˹̵ѪѪȡޡᡣ
ǲ̫ˣ԰ǹڼġǲпɱ¾üͷЩĵ˵ǹֵĶӳѪöˣݽĲɱǵһοŮǷˡ
Ǻǣû뵽㻹һ档ҶСЦЦ˵


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Ҳ֪ҶС˵ĺеٿЩ˵ӣ³һû˵ûִɱ¼
ҽֹâ䣬ӿѪɽûӣⳡһߵսڽˣѩһ߾ʬѪҺӨİѩӳѪ˵ۡޡ
սЩɫ۵ŮվĿһɨǸڷϣɫһƬƽ
Դɫ۵Ѿ֪ԼĽˣԼĽǷ侲ϸŸַĿһ˿ȻŤͷϷοЦݣѾ뵽˰취
ҶС磬ʣµľͽЩˡŤͷҶС˵
ߡµ˵һЩӦһ䣬৾ȫʧ
ҶСŷ᰷£ߵһߣóĶԽСи·ڵ֪ͨսѾˣǽʰо֡
ô뿪ǲʲô飿Ŀ⸴ӵĿһ̤ǰ
Ĳ׼֯ΪЧ࿴ʵ
Ժ˵ɣû뷨ҰѴѧ󣬿ԿǼǣ˹һŻ͵һɱִգٺ١ҶСЦЦ˵ȷʵû֯ϾҵȽ϶࣬ƽһʱ䣬οҪŬȥЩ˵ΪҪȻǸɾûκˡ
Сĵ㣬ʵѾԹҲвԺһһ¶ڱ˵ļУϾŶеģɽ֡˵һһʧˣҶС磬ܹ췣ˣԺɾͿ϶ͣԸ⿴һ䡣
ллҶС֣ص˵һ䣬ȻоԼڶеΣգǴû뵽ôУҲһƿصˡ
ԺҪٳ֣ҶС
ʱ᰽˷죬ȻЩߣǣɽׯڻвٵͨˣЩ˶Ҫȥʵġ
һȽϵ̾Ҹӣ᰸ӰʬĹ
߳󣬿һԵҶС磬ɫϱã˵һ仰ʱӮˣԺ˭ʤ˭ܾͲһˡ
˵꣬ƽĸȥ
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ҶС绰£һӰڹ·̻شһôϣңңԡ
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ʶҲǺϤǰѧʱڹʶġҶС絭˵𣿡
ҶСҲȨ֮ƣ֪ԼشʶĻЩһ϶ţֱܽӳϣʶĹȴ۸һͨùҵץסԼѰҵȻѰ
ֻڹʶǲϤĻôһ¾ϳ˲ơ
ϵζղζͬζҲ̽һ䣬ûеĻҾˡҶСܲͷ˵ģǸ˵Ϣһ˵ģϾ̵Σ̫ˣȻìܣǣԭԵĶһǻصġ
ĻϢûɵĿ⿴ҶС硣
㷳Ҹ²Ѿ˵ѵ㲻֪ǰʱ򣬰̵黹ͱġҶС翴Щŭ˵
ҶСϺͰǵİ칫ϣ׼ҶСȡжûΣ飬෴˼£οҲĪҶСǷи˴ڣ˲ûвȡж
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ѵѪҺɣҶСЩڴڴƣڵǲǴģͲ֪
Ĩһ˿ۼҶСĿȻǰƶȥַһѪҺĨǰûзκεĶ


767 
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пܣĵչʶɨһɨַΧڵÿһطȻûҵܺܲģǣҲû취ֻûȥ
ƽСһʱַѪΣдϲ֪Էһǰ·ܵģǰȥǰһоЩԾΪ֪ԼԼſڣķûǡҲмѪ
ѵԷҼﲻɣҶС뵽Լ뷨סˣѪεǸ˭ĻǴаٷ֮ʮİգִѩ̸ǣХ⣬˭ڷϱУο·߻Ͼʹӱ̺˵·ߡ
̵Щ˳˴⣬ȫˣͲӳ
ʱҶС䶯˶˷΢΢ĺԷȻԼͬȻҲ֪סҲڻѾԶ϶ԷǴˣڵǲǣдڽ뿼
ҶСǸͨһǰóԿ״ţ˽ȥ߽ȥʱͿеĵذһˣ΢΢ɫâɨɫۡ
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ȷǴ԰ޱȣѪĿգĽëͿԿţǲ֪ôȥҶС˫ۡ
ͬȻ㣬Ƕôϣ˲㰡ҶС̾һĿǸӵĹâ
ҶСĻ˫ĿǶԱʯȻľӨ͸ִֻ֮Ѿһ
ҪôҶԸ⡣˵˼ƾҶС紦á
ҶСԳһЦ˵һôЩˣ뽫㽻Щ˵Ļ֮ʱҾͻᵲס㡣
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ŮֻҪһ£;ͻήһΣǴûУȻͦΰǹѪŮӣҶС̾һ
쵽ҶСĶ֣˫Ŀ˫ĿƽؿҶС磬һžϾȻĨ΢졣
ҶСһȣû뵽һ˪ﲻࡢͬĴҲкߵʱЦЦ͵ϣᣬ׼ơ
˵꣬ĿͶ˴زѽĿƿרעͶұɽһָͷСѪϣҪܵ˾޴ˣѪûʲôΪʱѪԭھѪգΪȽͣҲ˺ܶ࣬úˣƸˡ
ǸеðҶСŴǸһЦȻַ˴ұϣỬͦĸо̲סһ£ջסˡ
ʱоһûֹһ۾һת˿ڴһɫǿառɫ׶
ʱкܲƽ˵ǷˣѺûطȥͻȻ뵽ҶС磬֪ҶСһƽСǣԼҲ֪ô˾͵ײײ˽ȥ
İĳУֻкҶСȽϤԵʰɣڵڵذϵʱ˺ܶ࣬뵽սʱǸȡʧ𣿡
ǵ񻹻ߣһĬ޸ƣһżҶСô졣
Ҳ֪˹ãڴµĽŲҶСĽŲϤѾһ׼ҹEֱնɱ߱Щˣǽӳȥ
ôϣҶСľе뷨ΪôĻնɱҶСˣ飬Ȼն飬նȥǣΪ漴ͻƣǣҪնȥҶСô²֣Ǵʱ˿̣ҶСھԼԺԼ²ˡ
ʱоԼұߵķϣһߣǹһĸо·ָоȥ
Сֻ֪Ů֮һϲͨͲôˣ۾ָо


768 Ի
ԼĪʮҶСŽǸѪΧɾ˿ڻûϣϵĻҪѺܳʱ䣬ҶСˡ
ҶСޱȣ˿ۿٶȻָţϸҲڲϵķѣûйӵʱ䣬˿ڵıѾˡ
˺صˣϢ˳һڰһᡣҶСӱɫܹ͸ڵһ㡣
лл㡣˵
лͬҶСЦЦȻȥڽҵĹУҶС罫·ĳҶСǰҶСһ㣬ûмôģʹĻ𱬵ķҲǲ硣
һģѩ񣬵ӫתСΪƽ̹һ˿ӷʣһ˿ݣСӯӯһգΪϸϸг˷͵ĺΰͦҲгβ̡ͦ
μôģҶСúð̣촽ɣԾ촽
ҶСһʧӣûзһ˿˿ۣвԾسһĨЦ⡣
߽ҺҶС˴ϣ˾ʵܲ
ԡ˵ͷԶƽͺһˮ㲨
˵ţѩѩ׵ֱ֧壬üͷ΢΢һ壬ʹһ£
ѾںƣҶСһЬһѣ˫ҲŵҶС˴棬Ӳ濴ĸǷӿȣ
ˡҶС˵һַ˴ĺ󱳣һַСҲһ죬ӿƵϡ
˶ʮӵʱ䣬ҶСһһƣ֮ɫʱڵѾĳˣܹת磬еˡ
ڵϢָƣҶС紩Ь˳ȥ֮سȫλ鿪Ҳ϶ڻһ˵Ĺ
Ϊ֮ķĳɵҶС߳˷䣬һʹӴӸ¥Ծһ¥ƽСԽַɳ۶ȥڷɳ۵Ĺоռеĺ쳾ָ֮
СԽֺҶСһݳˣȻַƽСյС㶵ڵֻ˷ڲ輸ϣӿ㶵бóֻĽѩĵ绰
ҶСϽͨ˵绰
û˰ɣ
ûôأûȥܣȥϷˣջصƽС͸Ҵ绰漰ʱţǲδ֪ҶСٺһЦ˵
ڶʮһˣûмĵ绰һΪʲôأĽѩŨŨĵĺͲҶС簲ȫ᲻绰
ģҸջ׼绰ҶСЦЦ˵
겻ĽѩʵЩΡ
ˣѾƽСȥĻ鷳öˣô˯ŶҶС˵
ǺðɣҰѿеĴӹˣ찴ʱϿΡĽѩ˵һȻҶ˵绰
ĽѩҶ˵绰ҶСůůģһʱʱ̿ǣԼİΣǶôҸ鰡
ҶС罫ķ˴򿪳ճ˼ں󣬾Լķж϶ǴϢϡ
ƵĵһͣҪĵÿһʱϢǵѷ
Ŵ򿪣ҶСİɫ˳
ԹûУҸմһݳͲˣһ԰ɣҶСָָ˵Ȼӳóһ˫ӵݸɳϵĴ
ǳ棬Ҳųڣٺ١ҶСЦЦ˵·ǰ̵ˣǽΪѡͬ
˿ҶС磬һЦݣеЩһ¶˲ӣҲֻһţӣŮҶСĲˣڳ棬ûжҶС״ֱӽ
ҶС罫һʰúȻ˴ߣʱɫѾܲ԰ףƽָɶࡣ
ûʲôҪҵ𣿡˳Ĭһ˵
УҲ֪ôȥʣصҴûиоΪһͨŮӣû뵽Ȼһλز¶ĸ֣ǰеĳԱҶСЦһ˵
һͨ˵ʱллҵİ˵Ҵûƭ㣬ֻǣĶڸҵΪҵĻ˵һ㡣
Ļڲ֪ԽƯŮӣԽ⡣ҶС̾һ˵
ʱҶСҲ֪ԼôУ֮ǷǳĲˬһֲ²ĸо
ܸңǰ̳Ŀ𣿡ҶСŤͷŴ˵
Ҳֻ֪Ƿ˵´һʲôҾͲ֪ˡҡҡͷ˵ҶСЩʧ˵С磬ϰ̵̣󡣡
˵ô࣬ҷͰΪУҶС¶һ˿֮ɫ


769 ּ
˶ǲ۲۵ķӣľΪ֣߸ΪĿģ˵֯дڵıҪĸҵ˲ʹޣ֪ǰһʱ䣬̽ͽȻ׼˻ôаֻ֯Ҫ֪˶֮ΪСȴ˵ҶС
ҶСĻĬþ˵һͳν׼һͳν׼Ĳͬﵽͳģڽһּͳģֱʵһģֻڽ̵ʽֵĸʵˣ˵һ£οҲԼĿģˣȶˣΪǸԩϧ
Ǻǣ˼˵ǰ̻Ϊ²ҶСЦһ˵
ʱ֤һС˵һ䡣
ҶС֪϶֪һЩǣտڲ˵Ҳûʲô취
㲻׼ȥѧУˣҶС绻˸˵ڰ̵Уֻķ˱˴˼ļ϶
ţ׼ȥ˵ͷ˵
ȥٵȵƺ˺ٻȥοѩͨ㣬ҵЩ˻׷ټҶС˵
ðɣΪߡҶС˵ǹҳһ˿˿Ļȡ
⼸һֱɣлһЩպųԣһ㡣ҶСһӵĿҶС˵
˵ͷһ˵ôôӡ
ҶСǳе˺ܴķգҪùҵЩ֪ˣٻһͨѹŵĻҲû֮أΪﵽӵĳ̶ȣ񲻹ʲô鶼ʵ˵ģûʵҪҶС񶼲ռֻС¡
ȻҲ֪ҶСΣԣ׼첻ȥϳȥ
ϻѪǱ䣬Ϣ뿴ӵĻԼҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ߽ĽѩǸ䡣
ô˯ĽѩķģȻղѾԼķ䣬Ǿסɣ
ıӰüȻָӣ߽䡣
߽ĽѩķҶС粢ûм˯ڴϣҵź쳾֮ҪĻָҪȻٴοˣѱᶯ֡
ڶ죬ҶС𴲺󣬿ѾˣһС˵ɳϰĿţԶְ麡
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ֿɶ˱ͣһɥѾˣÿ糿ȥʱ򣬽ֻʣһˣС
СȷʵϽ߰ɣҪȻһҪٵˡҶС˵
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УС磬Ѿ˸ˣѧϰţôأ㡣
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С磬ղſ˵õģһһ롣ֿɶ¶һĨ
ֿɶϸеİҶС΢΢һ̾Ȼ˹ȥһ˽ȥ
ҶСԹİֿɶĵЦװعгöЦҶСƱȾһ㣬ҲЦ
վµһ߿˹ˢȥûмʫҶС֪һһˣϾѩ˾ȽǺ³ٵ˲ߵġ
ڹϣֿɶ˫ֻҶССԴҶСĻУһҸĵӡ
С磬ȥ𣿡߽У԰˷ֿʱֿɶʵ
֪ܻȥҲܲȥҶСֿɶһģɵĴ𰸡
ŶСټֿɶЩ΢΢ʧ
ֿɶ˼ܹоõǣֿɶ仹СһֱֿɶÿӲѱ߲ݣοأԽ˼֣οѾôŮˣҪٶĻ»鷳ġ


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˵εĿĻ᲻ѩйϵһͬѧʵ
⻰һһͬѧɵˣεôѩйأҪ֪Щ綼ӡˣܲδ֪ǰЩԾȫӡơ
˵еεͳᣬΪ߿пܻᣬϾһȵ㡣һ۾ͬѧ˵˸ǵĹâ
ͬѧۣҶС絭ЦЦȻ󷵻λŤͷһĽѩؿ飬ĴţҲתͷϰϿʱʦһ֪ʶ⣬ʱ䣬Ͼûп飬ÿˣڻǿһȽϺá
Ȼ䣬ѧУڵĺĻѩѾˣѵ˻԰УǺ紵ѩ𣬴ɨĸɸɾĵƮһ㱡ѩܶһСľ͵˵ϡ
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תۼ䣬һʱ͹ȥˣϷѧʱѾһƬˣҶСȴʰĽѩͻȻ䣬ֻҶСóһǷᰵĵ绰
ܿĽѩȥ绰룬Ҳûʲôұ֤ᰴ绰ԲΪ˽£бҪ顣
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ӳʲôҪ飿绰漰ʱҸշѧҶСЦЦʵ
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ðɣҲᶯҲֵȥҶСǺһЦ˵зź⣬鵱ȻôˣҪ֪նݲ紵Ȼǹײһʱ󣬵ȻҪô鷳
ǸΪọ́һᱨģӹɵģ֣ԼȽˡ
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ҵƶȡ൱عֻأ˭Ǻѳѵġ
ﻹҪæˣʱģݰݡ˵һ͹Ҷ˵㻰ĵ绰УҶСܹóھ֡
ҶС罫绰װ˿ڴһƽĿȴֺⲻͣ
С磬ôˣʲôˣҶСɫĽѩĵʵ
ǵҸ˵Ҫ轫һ֤ȫȻɱˣûʲôУ˳ҶС˵
ô죿Ľѩһȣ̫ˣû뵽Ȼˡ
๼Ͱ̺ʲô³ҶС̵˵
ҪˡҶСֽĽѩӵ˻С
ԹҶСĽѩһкͳȥˣɵƽҵ֣СˣһЩˮȻ򷿼ȥ
еĵƹرţҶС翪˽룬ûˣоڣƿ˽ȥڴϾĿ顣
ոķˣȳ԰ɣҶС罫ĲˣϣȻ߽˳һӵݸ˴
ҶСĿһɫâΪѾָɣָĺܿ졣
е룬ҶС罫˴ߣôԷƽĿһҶС磬ȻűŲ˴ߣŲʱҶС翴һ˿ɫĹ֪Ǵȡ
ֲҪűŲ壬ԭûдӣҶС


771 ʥ
ͳӣʱ䣬ŵӽ뿼ŵʽԣ˵ʱҶСĽѩѾ˽ſڣʱÿԳŶûд򿪣ͬѧǶۼ˸ԵĽſڡ
ϴ극ҶС˵һ뿪ˡ
˵ҵ֮һ輯ʽڹҿعɣ䶭³Ϊ͵˰©˰˽ץˡ
ɣһֱһƼҰȥһƶɽ޽ϣСѧô͵˰©˰أ
Ͳ˰ɣרŸԼһ⻷ĻҪ鴦ͱúˣƤһ㡣
ѧУУİְ֣֪ô
ųˣڲϢ͸¶еϣҪȻҲ̡
һͨˡ
ﶼȱٲ˰ԣŷ飬ǽ֪ˣٶҲģǵĻҶСЦЦԵĽѩЩͬѧĻ
˵˵žͿˣԾĹУ˸أ˾͸ıԭĺ壬ţûмʵˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСĿһ˸żֺ⣬һɫ޷ɫ۾ѧУſ˽ϺƽͿ˸׵ӡ
һɫâ˫ףΪô죬Ѿ˺۷壬ǲ򵥣ҶС
꣬ˣǻǲҪ˵ˡΧһҵ飬һۼĿ˹Ͻ
ŤͷһˣȻı˻⡣
˹վڽǰ̨ϣ֪ʲôһмϵõ˺ڨ죬һʮзȵӣʼմŵЦݡ
ȻЦݲϣЦβɢǺʹ
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һˣĹӦòٰɣһ죬ǷҵģһҪġͬѧǽ뿼ʱҶСʱ˵
ĻҶСû⣬һмӣʵ⣬ҶСΪǲϵıģǣֶΣ̨ԿԾǶ֣ЩҪڡ
ֱӿţǵһͳһָϰս۵ſζǷֿģһģڶѧſΣҶСоĲࡣ
ǿԣϷŵıȽ磬ҶСһкʫ鼮ƽСǱ߸ȥ
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˽룬ҶС簵ϧʱԺдӰԾɸֲϣɫǵӣǰ˵ķͣϸС޳˼ȣĿоþòƽ
һ󣬴ֻһİɫ˳ǡøס̵ͦΣϸԲ޽ڡ¶޵ջ
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١ҶСĹ˵˽һ
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μѼѺϵվҶС縶ǮμѼѸղĸ߽ϵף˾ȥ
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774 μѼѵջ
߳ưɣҶС˺ĽŲбų⣬ĵԸǲµģҪȻǺÿ
ҶС罫μѼѵ׸ϣĺ紵μѼ΢һޱȣԵøˣŨľƾںĴ£˳μѼѽһ㵹˵ϣҿҶСʼСҪȻľ͵ˡ
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תһ룬Էֻһˣҿݣأ϶ܹԷ
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ѼѣûУҶСμѼѵСɳϣҡҡʵμѼѲشֻ첲ȻŲӣһɻ
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Ҫ˳ԼⲻǳǸ˶ϵġ


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ŷǧһϹŸĪЦݣˣܹоõѾҶСһ˿棬˸Ŀˡ
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ҲĿͶ˹ĿǺ棬ҶСһڳô֪ʲô£֪
ʱҶСܲ򵥣ڸ֤һ㡣
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˵ǰʯͷľüͷȻϵ⿴ȥʱڵһĹ··ұСɽ£ɽǺܶͣϳïܵľϹ·ԨԨϵĺˮ
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ˣСĵ㡣ҶС˵
ҶСĻһ㶣ʱһƿžгﵹ˵ϵ
붼֪϶Ѿʧȥ˵ϣҶСʶ鿴һ£Ѿ˵ϣüϳһѪʮսͷɫֵ˴д˳ǹÿ̺ǿ󣬵ϵǵսںصߣһ˵ʵȻܹˣʵ¡
ȻЩҶСиͲǣнԳһ
˺ͼ޲һ߰˸˶ԸɫװıڣʣǵĿˡ
ȥڳϱ档ŷǧŤͷҶС˵
ҶСʵ֪ģҶСȥЩ˲һ߹һҶСʰǣ˶ӣѱЩûжԷˣֻнҶСʵȥŻԺа
ϴʱ򣬳֣˵ǵ֪ĵϸ˶ֺ֪ܺãҶС磬ȫȫǸİˣ޺һЩɱ˾ͻԵҶС磬жϴ
˵ǣҶС粻ֵںЩڣֻίˡ
ðɣСĵ㣬ǵʵҶС˵ͷ˵
ŷǧ˵ͷ˳Ȼ˳ţվǰȴЩսĵˡ
תۼ䣬Щ˾ͳ嵽ŷǧǰǲûٳΧŷǧǵĿŷǧ
ΣҶСһ˿⣬ǵĿŷǧǲϣŷǧʲô
ŷǧʵź죬ȻڻӴǶûĸµʱΪ޵ѾˣⶼѪҺ̺Ľ
Χŷǧһʮˣǵսƽں۷壬ŷǧսĴ٣ս鲻ḻЩˣкսḻޱȣɢһ֪ǳԵˡ
һʱ䣬ŷǧЩæңȻ֪Լļ䣬ЩսҲˣЩûڻͨԸʮˣŷǧЩ
Ҷ˼һʱԸĹ濴ҶСĿЩǸ⣬ȻЩʵС磬ѵǻĵߣ
Ϊʲôʣ
Ҽǵҳͷʱֺܲ˫ɫҶС˵
ֲ𣿡ҶС練һ䡣


787 ɱ
룬ҶС˵ĺܶԣҶСֶȷʵûбֳʲô쳣֮Щ˿ûжѵҵĴ
ŷǧսߣʣµЩɫװıѾˣȥò˶೤ʱ䣬Щ˶ʱŷǧΣˡ
뵽ҶСһѹʵ棬ǸŮں˾ɿ
ɿôʲôɻʵ
ûʲôĿɿûаĻɣҶСٴʵ
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ңһԻ֪𰸡ܵĿ⣬ҶС絭һЦ˵ȻĿͶ档
ҶСĻС죬һӣҶС⣬˭Ҳûע⵽澹Ȼֳһ档
ҶСʱ̹עһɫװıڱɵʱҶСгһĨ⣬Ťͷ棬ߣһ³
ҶСĻʶĵ˵ͷȻվ֪ԼΪʲô˷ĵĸҶС磬ֻҪҶСڣû˸ҶôûȻܹ˺
С㡭㲻ȥ̫Σˡʱ˾ְŷص˹ҶСĻǵ֮ɫҲΪҶСǸͨˡ
һԥ֪òȥϾҶСֻǸֺһͨ˶ѣȥİȫûκεıϡ
ҶȥҲͰˣ벻ҪǼС㡣ŷӲ˵̺ŨŨľ档
ȻӰҶСܹоŷضĺͶԼĵӣû˿⣬ȷʵģҶС
ģǲܵκ˺ģһʲôǣղ˶ӣҲ뽫ҵʵ¶ȥ˾ʾԲһֱûг֣ıڶˣȻղ˵ٷ֮ٿţҾͿԷĵĳˡҶСЦЦ˵һӡ
ҶСĻŷسĬ֪ҶС˵ĻǼ١
С㣬Ҿ㻹Ǵųϰȫһ㡣þãŷ˵ȫȫΪ롣
ôȥˣҪٲȥǧΣˡҶС˵һ䣬žȥ
㡣ҶСȥ˵ҲҶС˳
˳ŷҲϽ򿪳˳ĵԸ˵ġ
ҶС³󣬼粢ǰȥߵŷǧսĵطʮ״ͣҲҶСͣŤͷĿͶҶС磬뿴ҶСôֵġ
ʱһɫзװӼ˹վھһ֮⣬ҶСһӣĿŷŭĹâŷأҶС罫˳Σյľء
ҶСЦЦû˵ʲôûпŷصĵһ㣬ʲôܹʵ˵أ
һһƬâҶСзЩâƵʵԵķ˲ʱ䣬ʹ̽սɫͷ׵ĵϡ
顭һ˵ʧȥǵһ˲䱻ҶСݻˣĲˡ
ҶСһ־Ҫ߸ŷص嶼𣬾ȵĶ˵˻촽˶Щɬ˵һ䣬Ӳĺߡ
ͬһƬ𾪣¶˵ЦݣЦݺƴһ˿ԺҶСʲôһ㣬ҶСԵĸˡ
ֲղ˵ЩûУڿʵԭԼĸϽûдǰ͸оҶСܲ򵥣ڿˡ
һɱˣŷǧѹ˲٣˫ĳ˶ţ˳ȥҶСһ֣â˲
ҶСЩ˻Ǹӷعŷǧ˹Χóǹ֧׼ŷǧǹ
ΣҶСһ˫ĿųɫâˣǷâٶȿ쵽˼¡
˵Դͬʱ£ѪȪһ㡣
ŷǧ֣ǣȥʲô⣬ҶС翴һŷ˵ã档
ʧԭأֻһģӰӳŷǧΧʱʱһɫâ
ûӵʱ䣬ǵӰӾʧˣǰǱǼ޺͵սĵط
ҶСߺһӣЩսͷ׵ˣڹŷǧƣƵһվԭأһ
֪ҶСˣŷǧ˹ߵߡ
ʱۡЩһĵüĴѪҺȻ͵˵ϡ


788 ȫ
߰ҶС˿޻֮ûоȫȥ𾪻𾪣ȸղҶСչ¶һ֣εĹΪϬΪֱףҶСߺ󣬹˺һ䣬Щ˲ŵ˵ϣѪֱͲӦһеֶΡ
ŷг⻹иӺͻϲս٣ǺҶСһһ£ֹʮǧԺԥ˵ҶСһָͷܹҲãԼСԺİȫõˡ
еȻҲˣЩѪ罦˵ϣЩ˷ܣҶСʵǿ£
ʱҶСѾ˼ߣ˵ĹЩһЦʵҪҪæ
㡭˰ɣ޲мĿҶСһۣЩɻ󣬸ղǱѾȥʮսĵˣѵǶѾˣôأŷǧʵЩڵսˮƽ֪ģҪԸЩˣرѡ
һƬڴ󳵵λüټרעȫ⼸սͲǱ߷ʲô飬ˣΪҶСֻǸͨˡ
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Ůͬ˵䱾ԲܹԼעⰲȫͿԿ
汻ҶСˣһսźɫͷ֡һѷ˺ͼ޵սҶС˹
һĻнޱȣԺԼղžͲӦѣ¿ɺˣҶСΣյľأֻϣҶС粻Ǹڻңеʵϣһʱ䣬ҪȻԼСһĵġ
һҶСлҶС粻һԷƺˣ۲ļ޼ҶСɵһ㣬û㣬
ĨҪҶСĺʱҶС絭һЦҲûпʲôԷеذ׾ͳҶСС
˫ĿųһӣӾͱҶС˺Ѫ罦Ϣʧȥءһ쵹˵ϡ
ҶСҡҡͷһûо˵ӡ
ˣղҶСĳٶûп˵һ⣬ҶСΪߣҲǣͨ˵ĻֵСԴ
˰һѣսٶʵ̫ˡ˿ޣҶСҡҡͷ˵һէҶСͻصԭλãжһˣ˵첲Ѿûˣ˲ϳһߣѪǵ˳
żޣЩ̵Ѫ˼һۣ㶣ûоһ㣬ʱԴֻ죬һϻҶСһΪҲ߲˶٣û뵽ͲǸ߲˶٣ǸߵףҶС˵ھûгӵʱ䣬ûӵʱͽսˡ
ǿʵ̫ǿˣʱһƬӣղڳԼҶСĲм͵⣬ھѣ˼Ҹûнмȷŭ־¡
˭ģ˵ҶС˺󣬸ûޣס˸첲ӵĲӣ˫Ŀɫâʹ̽˫ĿС
ʱһƿòҶСֹͣһöɫӵӴ˳ĿҶСеӣҶСеľɫۼһӣɫӵ룬һĨ⣬һӣӵ˻ȥ
һҽ𣬡ͨһּص˳ҶС֪лظˣ׼Ӻڶ֣û뵽Էȶ֣ȻԷѾˣôҲûбҪ
ޣȥаʬҶС絭˵ӹɡӵζ
ǡ޵һȻȥҶС緭˵ļ䡣
˵ļУҶСûеõʲôõϢһһʿǾϸѵʿĸĸģǶ֪
ӵһȥŷǧһֽݸģΪһսѾﵽ˺ؾӵ֪ҶС̥
ûʲôõϢҶС¶һĨʧؾĸͷ룬Ĳˡ
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ǵĵǿ֯ǳܡҶС̾һ˵һգһɫĻУЩʬϣ˲䣬ЩʬȼԼӵʱ䣬Ϩ𣬵ֻʣһ㱡İɫҽ
߰ɣҶС˵һŴȥֻʣԭصļޡ
ʱҶСڼԽǺҶСӴԽǷҶСɲ⣬ޱȡ


789 ű
ѾȫˣҶСͼ˹ʵղҲһҽ
ţȫɱˣֻûܴǵļвˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵ƺܲӡ
󣬳ŷǧ⣬һƬȻҶС羹Ȼܹ鿴˵ļ䣬ֶμֱδδš
˵ķӦҶСЦЦƾճһɫĻ棬ЩЩʬ壬ȼ
ˣǿˡ漸ˣȼŵɫ棬ҶСЦ˵һ䣬Ȼȥ
Щʬ嶸Ȼճ˻ҽֻʣһɫĩ漸΢΢һ̾˳ղŻһѴˣһ˲ʱ䣬ͳһԷĩⲻ˸̾Ĵ
ϳ˴һ绰䴦·ϵЩЩɫװڵʬҪ
ŷؿЩɫµһƹȥɽʻȥ
ϣҶСŮţ϶ҶС˵ûжҶС⣬ֲмĿ⿴ҶС硣
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˵ͷǸ˵߸嶼ܵһһźɫӣ滭һѪɫã˵ǰʲôȥҪȻһɱһеӵܣȥӵܣǰܵһƬԺɫΪɫһѪɫá
˵ţһĳغΡ
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Ҳ֪ûо˵ֻ˵֪ʲôǸͲ֪үү֪һ㡣ɬһЦ˵
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ԷѾжˣҶСʵ
ţǰǰ󣬼ѾʮһˡɫЩȻյֻҪһλӵյÿƬٵڶͻĻ̻̣µĶ߳䡣
£Щ죬¶붼ڲΪĻŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ҲڲˣǸͲ˭οҲҲ֪ô죬Ž˹ε˵
˼һŷǧ˵Է൱£ߴж͸֣£ûκεĲϣҲжϲʲôֻܵҺ㡣
ҲֻˣֻϣɱˣһĽǼڵѪҺУЩ˵СǷĻֿԱ֤ʮ߷չһɱˣôͻĩڡ΢΢һ̾
ô࣬ǧ·ܵĲֶ©һὫЩץסġŷǧο棬Ĺâ
˵ͷ¶һĨǳ飬ҶС΢΢̾һǵõʱ濴ܰĬԣһƽ峺ˮʣ񣬵ǼδԼһǴӵܵıɣ
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ҶСһƷžˮŷǧţ޷Ǿ˵ŸԵļɽʱ˺üСγǶɭɹȥβһЩˡ
Լʮӵʱ䣬ʻɽϣʻȥǰȻʣ޴ޱȵĽȺҶСҰڣ˵ǽȺ˵һǱʣɭĵ̡
Ƭռؼ󣬿ֻҪҲǧĶǸ߸ߵΧǽΧǽɫϸĻͻ֣ᷢɫΧǽϳɫ̦޺ͳüΪïʢɽ
ҶСĿϸȥǸߴΧǽʯͷɵģʯͷׯ԰Ѿϰʷˡ
ɭŸԼɣֺư磬󳵻ʱҶСԸо߰˵ϬĿͶ˹붼֪ɭ尵еĻϸĸӦһ£Щ˵ѪرʢѪʢĳ̶ǵսںңһĵȷʵС
ɭӳǰһ޴ȪȪ޽ڻ԰УҶСһ£ɭŶС¥Щɫһͬ㣬Ǿǽɫǰɫģʥׯϡ
ЩȻƺңȴ̺һͺлķˮֻУС¥ͱֱ·⣬ĵطǱɫĲƺ˳Ƶĸо
ɭӵʱ󣬴ͣһűǰʵ֪űǼĺĽ
ǧС磬Ѿˣ³ͣȺ˵޴˳ţ˳ȥֱվһԣŷǧ˳棬ҶСһ
ǼӵסĵطȻҲסЩ¥Уű޽磬ĽżչġҪΪҶС͵ϾŷǧҶСһδε
Сˡһ˸ߵűǰĸŮԾӭ˳ɫܹǶӶˡ
ǵ˵ͷȻ˽ȥ


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ЩҶС粻̾Ǯ˰ĶóȥһƶǧԪŶֶôöֵʱţ۸᲻ͣǡ
ȺǰһƬʣһ޴ޱȵĿƶٰܾһᣬһԲεļɽȪ峺ˮи໶ĳΡ
ǹźɫһֹܸߵ컨ϵĵƶǴˮģ˲û޴ĴͣٴδһȣȻ̤ľʽݣߵ˶¥һ˶¥һԼʮƽĿС
ܿĶ˵һơ
ҶСŷǧܵɳҶСĶ˯š
ʮᱡ˿ʳ۵Ůľ˽ʮʵˮڷ˳ϣһײߣڷʩʩȻȥ
С磬ǧﵱԼļһǳһЦ˵
ҾͲˡŵЩɢˮҶСûȷʵЩˣûжһԵĲӡӻС޹˼ץһ֪ˮͳ
㻹治ŷǧҶСһۡ
ջĵһ仰˵Ǹˡ沢ҶСû˿ʶȡ
ҿǸþû˵ļ˵һ䡣
ޣﶼˣҲɣŤͷ˵һ䡣
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棬ǼôסʺĵطζĳˮҶС罫ĿͶʵȷȷʵʺĵطλŦԼϱ߽뷱ĶĹľ룬忴Ǹļ塣
ֻǼĺģƽʱʱ򣬻ûжˣÿڵʱŻһƽʱʱҶסڵıУδ뵽ι۲ιۣ˳㿴ܷܲʲô͵
ŶˣǼϳҶСųôһ仰
ҶС仰ŷǧһҿҶСȽϤҪǻ˵Ļ綼˼Ҹϳȥˣ˵һ١
ɫûʲô仯Ǽ޵ɫһƬ࣬ĿеɱⲻΣСɭг󣬽ܵĶڼϴʽ˼룬һҶС仰ϷԼͲҶСĶ֡
ܵ޵ɱ⣬ҶС˫Ŀбų⣬һɫò԰ףͷ˺飬ҶСһջĿ⣬Ǿ档
ղֻǿЦ˵һ¶ѣĻ浱Ȼ֪ҶС粻ǹģȻȴôΪΪҶСԼľ޴裬ȻԼȷʵЩԣܶԼɱ⣬ʹ׼ɱңҲҪԼＸҶС
ҶСջĿʱ򣬼޳һɳϣ·ȫʪ͸ˡ
ޣôˣ޵Щԣĵʵ
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Ȼ쵽ЩǼ޲ϣҲû˵ʲô
ĸоʲôʾ͸˵Сڣҵİȫ⡣˵һ䡣
ǣС㡣޹˵ţΪڣҲŲģҶСˡ
黭ͨԸʧǿھùߴĲŮһ仰˵ĺã߳࣬īߺڣҶСΪĪ⣬ΪҶСǸˣҪúÿסԼС㣬ԼС㱻ҶСȾ
ŷǧ֪޵״ҶСֽţҶСһ£ȻֵĿҶСһۣһĻǡñ濴ˡ
һĻСڵһ㣬е΢΢ĲҲ֪Ϊʲô
ʱһŲɫĿűƿһһ֮˽һͷɫĶ̷Ӣܰ׾еĺ룬ƾһɳһˣ˵ǿ׳һᣬƽǣҶСܹϸܵȵնɱ˺ԴϢѾܹĿԼ
ˣļ̺ž޴սСҶСұ֤˺ͼսĻ޿ڶԷֵ߲ʮС
ôˣüͷһ壬ɫЩõ˵˵һӢԣ֮Ĺϵܽš
󲮵СӣֺУ£Ѱ˵Ů˲Ҫģ߼¼һ컻˰˸Ůˡ
װã˵лǼˣй٣ôܲӭأϴŵЦݣǺĴ磬һ˾ӵӣâȴس


791 óӲ
ζĳˮҶС˽ֻǵƳһۣûᣬ˵˻еˮһŮĻǾˡ
Ļ̧ͷȥȻòǱȽϿʣǣȻڸǲסϵ΢΢԰ףһ֪ɫȣҶС翴ĹâʱдǸޣԼö뷨
Ҳѹ֣òʣǾ˫ֻҪǸŮ˾ͻᶯģһ˶˵ǣ֮ڵĹϵˡ
Ҳֹâгһ֮ɫҺҵҪҪ̸ȥɣ
ĻƸһ㣬ĿͶŷǧϣŷǧʱ¶һ˿֮ɫϹһ˿ΪЦݣߵŷǧǰ˵ŷС㣬û뵽ܹٴμ棬ϴδҴһҷǳŷС㣬Ǿͻ˵Ķԣһղԣĸо
˵꣬׼ŷǧ֣֣ͼմ⣬һͲˣֻס
仰Ǳıףˣ˵ԼﻰҶСܲһ˸ԼŮ˱ףԼܹǹ顣
ԲһҲ㣬ѾˣԺ˵Ҳϣҵҡŷǧ˵
ˣ˵ȻĿͶҶС磬ҶСһۣŷǧ˵λһ˰ɣ
ûǡŷǧ˵ȻǵİҶСĸ첲ù۹⿴ˣе˶붼ŮˣҪȻǧҲǻһŮû뵽ҶС绹Ǹ֮ˡ
ŷǧĻɫòѣǿһ˿ЦݣֶҶС˵λγƺ
ǽȻӢӢҶС˵СһȻܹöĻרװһ̧ͷ˵һ人Ҳ
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ҶСĻŷǧϷĨΣĵһﾹȻҲЩ֮£Ժˡ
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ûû¡ҶС˻֣һںӣŶˣղĳְҵȾˣܸܲһ˫ӣ
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һЩ˽ʢķ˶˷Ѿʰ˵ĳϣűﷹ˵ζƽȷǺζĺζ˱ǡܰҡҷķ˶һζũҵСһ㣬ܰۡ
ż˲ιһűűܴ󣬸߶Ҳʮ¥ôߣеķҶС綼ûϸȥ
Լĵӵʱһ˸սű꣬ڿϢһɫͷ˺ò˽
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ҵ㻹֪𣿸òϢҶСֱЦЦ˵
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ҶСֵվŷǧȥ
߳űׯ԰ıȥ߹Ⱥһ峺ĺˮ㣬ˮĶ԰ïܵľϸĻܹЩľˮ滹и˵ˮ
Щүүֵģһˣʩ޼Իֲˡżһǰߣһ˵
үүҲ԰ҶС˵
ƹС֣ǰһ·С·Ǹ߲ˣұǻ԰ͷһľʽṹķݣеغܡ
ʱҶС翴˲԰һͷѾȫ˵ӲݣԱҲһˣЩӲݡ
˵ϿҶСжϳˣͷȫסӲݵ˾үүΪһǸˣ鿴ȥڵϢԨƺֲޱȣϢϿΪأǾ۷壬Ҳǰʥ
үүĽһ
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Ťͷ˵Ȼ˽˻԰һʽͤУͤرףľƵӺӣǶԲεģϰڷһײߣˮ


793 
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үү˽Ͻӭȥס˵ĸ첲˹
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˵һĺ˵һиУ˺֮ľ룬һ嵱ļ̳ˣ۽ܶ˾Ͳ硣
үү̫ˣѣǵĸŷǧǳǳһЦò˵
үүףԽԽᡣҶС΢Ц˵һ仰ףĻ
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үүҸһ£λҵĺŷǧλҵĺҶС硣£ȻΪ˽ܵ
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ĹУɵĸǵ裬ҶСҲֵܣ۵һ㶼һڣִֺֻʣƤЩҪģҪǣԾͺúó԰ɣƫƫҪ֡ۡꡯΧ˶ʳļ޲ͣصҶС磬ƺҶС綪ˡ
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һĻҶСĵͷҪλôˣΪʲôĸأһʡ
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үү治ࡣ˵Ứ
˳谮ԴȻĿͶ˻ڲͣسˮҶС磬΢΢һЦ˵С磬ǸԶΪˡ
¶ɫҪһǰŵҪǣҶСǰֵĺ⣬һ㶼ţƵԼһóԾͳԸĺȾͺȡ
үүã˼ҰˮˡҶС粻˼ЦЦ˵Ȼ˵ģǣжûһ㲻˼ӣһ˵仹һߴȡһˮ
ŷǧһ


794 Ҿܾ
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˱ˮǺˣΪ˼ۣ˲ź˺ܶ࣬ɫҲȻѵҾôûԼ
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ǸСӡ߲һ䡣
ԣԸҺϲ峤ƽǸȷѡŮǸСе˼ϣܹ֮ʲô飬ǸʱҿǸСӻ˵Ļҡ˺ǺһЦ¶һĨϺһƻĿ⡣
үǾҪʲô
ҪǼеܰɣʲôҲ֪Ǵϴģֻ֪ܶѡ˵һ̾һû˵ߣҲûʡ
Ϊһʵˣ֪ʲôʱʣʲôʱ򲻸ʡ


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µĿӾУ߰ĻɫѵŮӾͣڴһƷһ㡣
ӾУһɫŮ˹Աߵİɫ̨ȫһ˿Ƭ¶𪣬ſžӨˮϣ߲ʹâǸͦɽͣΡΡɢżµջ󣬻ӯӯһյС̵ͦΣ޳ֱȣÿһֶܹ
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үүһ£òҪ˵ȥҪȻкܶ鷳ġ濴ż˵
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ҵ绰ãе绰˹ɬεЦһ£ҵĶ
ĶȽϴûȥͷһʱ˵֪лˣϰһϯҶС˳Է˵ҶСŷǧۣϢһʱ䣬ίؾܾˡ
绰չе绰˹ϴõ绰û˵仰͹ˣ㽫ֻˤˣΪ˱Щɧţֱӹػˡ
û뵽Ƕˡһʹ֮ɫ
Ǵ壬Ĵ壬ֻȨķûĸǻôעشͳĻĹҶôӣοеֻǳ棬ԣΪ˲Լʹ࣬ҪȨʱ򣬾ܹıһСŷǧŹâ˵
ѵҲ𣿡ʹ˵
㲻УһĴѾ̤֣ʹ㲻ܹǿ϶뾡һа취㣬οղѾӦүүŷǧ˵
ǰС㣬ǶһȺײϵļһǧһûǵ֮ءһ˿
Щ岮˵ʲôȻ飬Ҳǽ飬ֱɱǡҶСں˵
ŷǧҶСһۣĵ㵹˵ɣǸŮӲظ飬Լ֣̫ˡ
ˣһһĲ˼ҶֵĻҲǡ˵Ծһ˿ԥתͷҶС磬ҶСҵĶԲԣ
ǿӣҶСһӦ˵һ䣬ʱٿѵϣֻҪڣҲκ˺ġ
ɲⳡìУĿһΪ˱ŷǧİȫʶʶķ飬ûмȴ˴ȨпһĻܲȨìУǣ̤Ϸɻһ̣һжѾעˡ
ллҶСôпϵĻشһĨʧҶСĻѾˣȨλֻȫ
лǺѣٺ١ҶСһЦ


797 ۿڱ
ҾǼ˸ûиΣΪҪǲЩȺǼˣһζȨڼеӦͳһһ¶⡣ʱŷǧ˵
һ¶⣿Ƕ˵Ǽڵ˹ӶɱרƵһУûţʹţҲװţΪûзǵϡ
һȺɵƣѵǶһҲ״ҶСһ
ҲʼȨλе˵˹˴ͨ˵ġε˵廹ܺһ㣬ֻҪǱûκεĶȨ֮ģ˼ĶڰУǼĿŵ
һרҪȻߴ廹ͬʱȨɡҶС˵
϶һҲǧǹ˵
ǻһ˵ȰڣҾ仰ܶԣʵڲȽĴȨкϸ쿴Ǽڿ϶ǹߴڣȫҳļӦûһЩҶС˵
㲻˽ȨӦүүˣүү峤λôҸףЩ岮ע⣬÷£ҲܶһƱػΪʸ֮ףүүһƬ⣬ǵģҲҵġǼᶨ֮ɫ
Ļŷǧ¶һ˿֮ɫȷʵǸ÷Ȳǹصǰôôƣʱ򣬳Ƕܾ˺ͳһһݵĽ⡣
֧㣬֧㡣ҶС˵ЩʧҶСٲһ䣬Ҳ֧㡣
⻰ϷɳĨΣĵû
뿪Ǽׯ԰ȥԼĵطҪȻһЩ岮øõܶӿ˵
˵˵ͷȻȥ
һûƶһĳǿһɫܳ˾Ǽޣûȥŷء
һǰ棬ҶС硢ŷǧһҲŮ˭ûзԣҲΪİȫ룬ҶСߣʹʲôͻ¼ҲԱ֤İȫ
סĵطûбڣںĳڣſĵ㣬ҶСͻȻ俪ʵ
УŦԼطÿһʿտš͵
ǮˣȻֻҪһⱲӾˡҶС̾һ˵
ҪĻһôϹҵЦ˵
һô󷽣ҶС羪ȵĿ˵
Ȼˣһ˵ûа㿪Ц˼
ˣҲֻǿЦڻѧ׼ôѧҽȢŵһţһóͷûûǸԸ㡣ҶС˵һ䡣
뿪ɭʮӺһɭׯ԰ǽĵһ¾棬һҶСŷǧݣǴǺү̸ʲôҪ֪үӿǺܾûмˡ
Ƕӿׯ԰ʱȴͲڣһŭѣ湤Ҫģвûб¶໥˶Է̸ЦҸ̾ûмԼֶŮһƣαĲαˡ
ûм棬Ǿȥݼүӣ໥˵һЩ޹ʹĻ뿪ˣǰûгԹһСʱʱ䣬뿪ˡ
һĻүģʧԽԽԼһȷѡԼһȺӣһֻ֪Ȩȫе٣үӼΪʧ
뿪ׯ԰СʱһһΪıȺУһߵıۿҲֻһ֮ԶڱпƻԻ͵ĸۿڡ
ٽȺʱ˶һݣȻ˽룬Լӵʱһſڣ޷³һΣһӿǼޣһƣŴ򿪣޲ſ˽롣
ʹҹҲǵƻͨȪǱ̵ĲƺвʵҫۼⶰֻһɫС¥Χǽڣǲģ߶ȴԼжʮףС¥ϲǽɢŵѤâλеĵá
¥Ų£Ѥƹҫ£עĿ
³ҶСһôһһ͵ļɽȪȪ޼ļΪ֣ǰǲ¥¥Ҳһ޽ļΪ¡Ӿأ¥ĺһƬƺ൱ҲС򳡵ô󣬲ƺıԵжĸߣĲһµĸо
ҶСΪԾǣ¥еһжֻߵʵĲǰʱһԶɨ棬ӣŴ򿪣ееƹⶼ˿
סһܡǺװޣĵĲãҶС̾һ
ǲǺϲϲĻ͸㡣΢΢һЦ˵Ȼ¥ȥ


798 Ů
¥ΪڼҲȥĿֻʣŷǧҶСˡ
ҶСŷǧСɳϣȫﵱԼļҡ
ǧôҶСŷǧС촽һʵ
ܺáŷǧĲɵĵ˵ͷ˵
ԺҸСȻڵ޽һı㿴ôҶСϴЦݿŷǧ
ðŷǧ̵˵֡
ҶСҲ£˲˵ģŷǧһ£û뵽ȴˣ˫סŷǧգԼ˵ôˣʲô¿Ը˵ˡ
ԥһ£ŷǧ˵Ҿξһ鷳У¶ʱڲܻȥˣҿһΣԣԲҲӦҪ뿪
ŷǧǵģԴŦԼȥɭ·;УǴδɱ¼һľĸо·ž޴ΣЩڲҶС
ɵϣҵŮˣôܿԼŮΣն뿪أҶСĿŷǧȻӵ˻С
ȿȡʱһֻһɫǳװ治֪ʱѾվһӵĿҶС磬ҶС⣬֮һˬӿҶС硣
ŷǧϷΣϽ뿪ҶСĻһߡ
治˼ˣҪҪҸ׼һ䣿һЦĿˣȴ΢΢Щ
ðû˼ĻǾ͸ˡ˵ҶС޼ɵĶ濴
ҶСĿ⣬ԼҶС翴һͨ͸¶˵ĺΣʱǰһǰҶС翴档
ôѵҿ㣿ҶС翴ż˵һ¼޲мƲƲ죬ҪûأҪƨûƨɣ԰治Ӷˡ
ʵ޵ҲͦģǸŮĲأֻҶСר˵ġ
ҶСĻ˫Ŀбŷ˺⣬ĿҶС硣
ޣС磬໥ӶԷˡ濴ε˵
棬һվ
㻹ûŪλãһξˣһΣ滤㣬Ҳɱ㡣ҶС˵Ůǲ֪ôԼѾĹһˣȻûȡѵֳɱĿ⿴ԼһѵΪԼǲè
ҶСĿ£һɫüΪ԰ס
ҶСۿһ¼ȻȥС硭һ
߳ȥϰϰо⣬úõ鱻ŪüΪĲˬ˿¥ҶСһϣѾվڸ¥ϣ¥ϴҲܺƽĵذשиСͻ԰иСԲΣСԲ͸ĶƵļΪĺ
ҶСϣźۿڵķȥֻһâɵĵںϣۿڵĲöڵסˡ
һΪߴŮӵһ滹һ飬׷ɺ͹
ŮҶСŮŦԼϷѷӿڵһɵϣû뵽ȻпŮҶС絭ЦЦ
ҶС߳ʱ㶣ȻҲ˳ȥŷǧεЦһҲ˳ȥҶСһֻԴŮӶһͰӣΨͼȴͷеͷۣҶСģҲˣҲ֪˵ʲôĺá
ǧС粻ˣ֪ܵȥˡŷǧ˳Щ˵߳һӰûУв
ŷǧ˿ȷʵûпҶСӰ΢΢üһŤͷ¥ȥȻ¥ǣоҶС棬ϲ¶һ˿΢Ц
ѵ棿ŷǧĿ⣬ʵ
ţ棬ϲվڸߴŷǧһЦ˵
ǧҲȥվܹߵĸۿڣܹŮ񡣡˵һ䣬Ȼŷǧ˽ȥ
ܾĺܸߣ¥ϵҶС¶һ˿΢ЦûˮھˣҸ
ʱͻȻ䣬ŮЩԾͺ˹һ㣬Ҫ߷ɣĻϵԲ£ϸٿ˿ȴ
ѵǴҶСǿҵĺġ
ҶСĿȥһ˫ȫɫʱɵŮЩƹܷĹâʧغһƬڰͬŮǣөһĹâŮƮȥȻա
ɢİɫ⣬ʹ٣մء
һĻҶСе𾪡
ô£ЩâʲôôᱻŮأʡ
ҪԼȥͷֲˡ


799 
ѵŮʲôܲɣҶС
ʱͻȻ쵽߶ˣŮӡ
ڿŮ񣿸ղſüչǲŮʲô⣿濴ҶСʵдһ˿ɻŷǧҲɻĿҶС磬ղҶСǸӾͺҪ鷢һ㡣
ɲԸҽһŮ񣿡ҶС翴˵
Ů˽⣿Ǹֵˡ˵һ䣬ΪҶС
Ůʽǡҫ֮񡯣ҵļԶ壬ưķľʦ˹򰣷ƶƵģǰʮʱ䣬˵ɷʽģꡣ
Ƿ1876͸100׼͸ģΪŮԱܾת͸
ʲô𣿡濴ҶСʵ
Ǹʲô˵̳ɵģҶСûлشΪ⣬Ǽʵ
ɷܼҰжʮʱ̳ɵģ˵ŮòԴĸףеȴ˵Դӣ˵˭Ҳ֪Ǹò˭ĻشҶС⡣
ԭһٶˡҶСһ
С磬Ůʲô⣿ٴһ
Ҳ˵ֻпԺ֪ղգߣȥҶС˵壬ֻ첲ͬʱŷǧˣֱӴ¥Ϸ£Ȼû䵽ϣ䵽һӶȥٶȼ죬ڿֻһӰʹ˿ҲΪһֻ
ߴ¥ֻ˼һˣĿȥķһ䣬ȻҶСģϽȥΪھҪÿÿ̶ҪڱߣҪϽϵߡ
ôߵѵͲ˼𣿡ŷǧһҶС˵
ģҸղѾ鿴ˣΧû˼ǡҶСЦЦ˵ȻŤͷűֱŵ棬ǺһЦ
ôûշɵоɣҶСЦЦʵ
ȷʵû˱ڿзеĸоЩ΢΢ףЩɬĺΣСһαһôܵıţٶȱӿ˺ܶࡣ
ҶСĻŴŵӵͷȥֻľɿĺˣҶС¥ľһͻɳȥʮףٶȼ죬оһ㣬ָоУ״ʱǵģñָ
׼ֱӷŮ񣿡ʵ
ǰôȥҶС練һ䡣
ŮڲǿյеܹȥϹҳһ˿Ц˵
ô˵˷ôҶСƵ˵ʱѾں̤ˣŮɱȥ
Ҳ֪ŮϻŲһŵġ˵
Ͳһ԰ѻ˵𣿡ҶСһʱѾɱŮǰ棬ŮҲԶ
ӵұվںϣϸĹ۲һ棬û뵽ԼҲվںϣͷҶС磬ף飬ӣһЩĶ
ʱҶСܹϸȥŮˣŮŹϣķװͷϴŹᣬߵâҶСԿռС㣬˷ӿ˹ߵâС
ЩС㣬һ˸ͿҪȻ綼˴Ůעˡ
ˣҶС绹ע⵽Ļܲ򵥣ɵİɫâתǹâ֮⻪
ɴ˿ܲ򵥣̺һ޴ܣһŮһ飬浽ʲôȻֻһ룬ɲҸж˭֪ûʥĸ֣ҪеĻıѿ
ôýϵŮˡ濴ǹâѤޱȵŮ˵
ҶС濴ŮԭԼתһЩһЩƽʱĶЩСȴŮɢĺ⡣
ߣȥҶСбų⣬һ˷ϣתۼվǾ޴Ĺϡ
վ棬ҶСܵһڹȻڣվȺҶСſˣߵһâϣһתֱ۱ɫһץİɫҶСƮȥһ۳һһСɫ
ɫĹСɶͺөһ㣬ʱеɫȥܿеİɫ˵ɫĹҲһһ
ףС磬ʲô鲻񰡣ҶС춯˶˹ǷҶСƾճһʱһɻ濪ʵ
һصҶС˵һ䣬ѵ㱻յڣȵȫ
ʮӵʱ˵һС


800 յÿƬ
ǰɫѶȳϣôһʮӵʱ䣬֪ǵжôĲ
ȷҶС󣬶ʱˬͥ޾ǿ񾧾Ө貣ˣҲ˺ܶ࣬ʱ򣬺ƿĵ棬һĻĻľ
Ůе̺ʲôȻְܹҶС
ǼȥҶС˵˵СŮеĻգۼģͷɵ˻ϡ
뺣ĸ߶ȺܸߣЩ΢΢ķףŵץҶС䣬ƺЩָߣҶСЦЦŷǧʹһɫס棬ܶ΢һ㡣
С磬ǵ濴ʲô濴ҶСʵ
羰ѵû˵һ仰վĸԶҶСǺһЦ˵
̧ͷ˿ĻϵԲ£ٿ˿棬֮⻪ҶСܹޱȵ֮⻪գʲôһ㣬Ǹܹۼ»
ЩҶС綼ת񹦣Щۼ»ʱ䣬оԼĹͷе٣һ㵭»ǿȺ˲٣û뵽»Ȼô
ƽʱɢµ»ǳĵգǣоۼ»»£ҶС糩Щ»תȫ
ҶС۾ɢһɵİ׹⣬ԵʥޱȣŷǧҲϸĸΧʲôܲ
ԼСʱҶС˫Ŀ˫ĿԱų˫ĿжԲ£ʱоؼ»ܺ˺ܶ࣬»š
ѵ»ľۼҲʱƣҶС
ǿʶͥ籡Ůеÿһ֣Ǹ͸ܲʲôʲôûз֣еЩ档
ôûжأҶСüͷ
С磬ôˣַʲôŷǧҶСʵ
룬ҶС˵޽Ů񣬸ͲǱϿ򵥣صľ޴ܣվܹ֮⻪ǸҲһͺǸһ
Ȼܹŷǧһ㶣Ҳû뵽ŮȻôܣС磬¿ܲ򵥣˴˾ǻȻȥɣ
ðɣòҪ˵ȥ»д鷳ҶС˵ͷҲ鿴ʲô߽ŮڲҶСƼʹҲ鿴ʲôôֱʵˣ϶򵥣ԷأĿǰΪѿ
˵һҶСˣӻϷ£䣬վ˺ϣ̤˶УŰ߷ɳ۶ȥѾ˸ۿڱߵļޣվںɫһԣɫЩ
ҶС粢ûɱȥվλ̫ˣҶСһƹⰵĵطȥ
ҶСŸۿڷɱȥʱŮ˫ĿâȻͻָƽһĻû˾쵽
С㡣ȴļ޿桢ҶС硢ŷǧ˹һȻ˳š
ǸõˡǸ˵Ȼ˳ҶСһߵĳţŷǧȥȻȥ
С㣬үյÿƬʱһСʱǰ˼ʻλú˵һ䣬Щ֮ɫ
ĬһʵüͷԷһζˡ
Ҫȥ𣿡ʵ
ھȥ˵СγȻʽȥ
ҶСŷǧЩɻ͵Ҵ󲮵СӣѰ֣ҵһ͵ĻӣҲףɱ˸ʲôȻǼеĺӵܣǣԼеȵһ㶼
ΪɣҶС˵
Լʮӵʱ䣬һשɫ¥ǰѾͣСγȫ
쳵ҶС˽ȥĿŮŮʮˣǶһˣȻһˣüͷ壬ǳɫʱʱ⡣
ҶСЦһ꣬ɫҰޱȣڲţʱʱܣúӢеᣬһȵӣҶС綼֪ˣûҪ֮ǰ侲
ҶСû뵽ǣ˾ȻᱻųӣҲ̫ˣһӵܵƶûС
󲮡˹ȥ˵һ䣬˽ųһμܣǣеڻҪеġ
СֶŮˡ˵˵ͷ˵һ䣬ҲкǵĿжЩ֮ɫΪĴϻޱȣڣûһܺȼģܵĴͲһյȨҲһġ
ãȾҰɣҲ˿棬Ͻ˹ȥ˵һ֮ɫ
֪ģĺŷǧҲߣҲֻܹˣŷǧУû˲֪ģƶ˸еս


801 
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Լ׵ĻһǾ֮ɫһ˵ϣԼĸףǱȽϾµģⶼԴСʱ׶Ĺ
һȻ֮ɫˣˣҪˡ
ǰ˵յÿƬˣԼûе£û뵽Ȼˣ⿴ǿƬ;һɺ⣬ƤһƤ񣬺ʱҪк²ѡ
Ȼ˲ѧջ켣ҹܻ͸ֳ֮ô˵ҲԼø硣
ôÿƬ˵һ顣üͷ˵ȻҶСԱߣһҶСһպ˵ɳϣٺΧ˵ЩĿ⡣
ллã֪һܹҵģԲԣĻһɢ˹ʣǰڵϣȫûдү
Ҿ㣬ã㷢ÿƬ˵һ顣ٴ˵һȻվŵŷǧʹһɫŷǧҶСһߣ֪Ļġ
ᾡ¶һĨϲɫϽվ˶˻һ㣬Ȼ˵
ϵʱӸϳ󣬸оĿ㶵ӲӲģóһŷһƬƬӺñڸϽ˻صҺп־һʱ뵽棬绰ĵ绰ػˣƽʱܹϵļӵܴ绰ǣõ˼޵ֻ绰Ȼ޴һ绰еƶ򿪣ͬڶн˿Աİο
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ԷͶ㡣˵һ䣬ȻĿͶŷǧ
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ϰֵֶʱһֱʱ䣬ʱڣóȥʹҺҵѻʲô»ܹ㡣濴ˣɫƽ˵
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ǣãô˵Ҿô˸Ͻ˵Ȼ˸λȻкǣղŵһк˺ܶࡣ
˭ãɲǴϻ˫㰡ʱһغɫĸǻ𱬵ŮϹǳЦ˵һ䡣
غɫŮΪ򰲣ŮˣҲȷʵеɫЩƯǱҲһˮ׼ֳŮȾͲ˲һǰ㡣
˵ĹرãһΣɭҼòΪ˵󣬽ֱˣֱԲĸҪȥ׷棬òŮľԼòˣԼһٺǺ棬Ϊǣÿһζʧܶա
ÿʧһΣͶĺһ֡
û˵̫Ѿˡ
ô˵ˣѵǱ˵ˣûʲô˵˶ó⡣ЦӯӯΪԼȵ޻˵֮ɫ
ΪǸŮû뵽Ҳûʲô˵ǣ˶ӦҸұģû뵽ǵСȻһûнĹˡһϧ˵˵꣬ۼƳһҶС硣
򰲣ô£ˣ
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仰˵ڳ죬˶֪棬йӵеŮеˣ׷߶Ķǣ˴ǲٴɫû뵽ھȻѣţϢǴȥ֪ж˻
򰲣ʲôʱˣô֪ʱסˣûк˭׽һֱ˱ž룬˵ȻǴ
㲻֪Ǻǣû뵽ҲװãҵҪҪװʲôʱ򣿡Ǳ֮ɫԼóһֻ˼£ȻøΧ˿ǿʲôѵ֤һ𣿡
򰲵ֻΧЩɭӵǣ˳ģ㿴Ǹеġ
ףǸеĲ𣿡ָҶС˵


802 Ƭ
ϸĴſɭӵܵҶС翴ָһʮֲӣԼʲôϵѵԼܹѲɣЦԸĻͦģһôǮƵţԼٷܶʮꡣ
Ǿ㿴ͬһӵ·
һſ򰲺ѵȻЦĿһۡ
Ȼ
ѵĺʲôĲɣ
϶йģҪȻôôܣҪ֪һ򶼲̫ӽġһŮ˵
ֻˣĿ⿴棬ȻĿͶҶС磬ǺĹâ
˸ղΪԼ绤һ⣬Ҳû˵һƽӣϻ۹˵˵ĿѾжϳֻ϶ҶСƬ
ҶС̸ֹ֮ȷʵһЩܴܲʲô
ʱмߵߣһʮֹĵʣҶС֮Ĺĵʲôزʲôʱʶĵȵȡ
ġֻ˵֣һȻӡ
治شǵĻЩ˲㬵뿪򰲿һùֻ˻ΣߵǰϴֵЦʵ벻뿴
һ۶ûпһӣһ̵򰲺γĶԱȣһ̩Ȼһƽĺˮһ߰ޱȣһС˵־ӡ
ҿŷǧߵҶС˵һ䣬ץֻ
ƬǶȲãɹҲʧܡҶСһ߷Ƭһһ̾Ҳ£뿴浽׶ЩƬ
΢΢ŤͷȥֻֻϣҶС˵ʲôƬĽǶҶСͺҪĲһ㣬Щ΢΢ɬҶСһЦɲ˲롣
˴үү԰֮߻·ϣҶСĽһӣûЦ¶ɬЦݣû뵽ȴ͵ˡ
ļţҶСĹϵޱȣСȭͷӣвЦݵĿȵȣЩͼƬһ֮ĴΣ˵ҶСѣЩͼƬƶҲûʲô²˭ЩƬΪһԡ
ЩƬһ̶ɵϣֳĨΣе˿Ĩζʱ˼֣֪ҶС붼ˣҪȻôֵܡ
˭ĵģôûˮƽôҺûĳҶС̾һȻֻ򰲡
ҶС仰˸ȷһ㡣
λС㣬ǲЩĽ棿ΪһʵİרңҾڰЩƬչʾһּʵʵҲ֮飬ǣЩչʾͲˣС㣬ڿ»ûһϲɣʹ˽ӽ㣬ǶϲǮֻΪɭˣղò˵ǹˣûҾˣ˶㣬ǮҲΪǮҴİ顣
˵ĶԲԣ棬㱻ˣҲһ㣬ֻҪһͷһһ롣ҶСһϵӿ˵
ʵҶС˵⻰֮һ˼룬磬ˣΪҶСܲæ𣿴ǿ϶ģ仰̫ˡ
ҶСҲר˵Ļͷβû˵һֻϲ֣ǣÿ˶λҶСıףҶСŷǧ⣬ŷǧҲǰŰɡ
ҶСĻˣҲһݸжɭвŻŮӣƬ̾ͻָ˹
𣿿û뵽Ŀ֪֮ˣֱɭ˶ˡſ˵
ȿȡλС㣬òŪˣҺֻǺѣղǾ仰ǻĴꡣ
㡭
ʲô㣬˼̫ˣ֪׼˵ʲôһ£ҸղǾ仰˵ϲҰûǰɣǴһĺãҪȻû˻ῴ㡣ҶС糤̾һ˵
ʱﻹ֪ǶҶСˣˣ򰲸ǱЦջסˣûйôƷˡ
㡭㡭޳ܡ򰲶ʱҶС˵˻ȥɭ岻ӭ㡣
йϵλӵĵطҸҲΪ˰λӣ뿪òһְɣѵǸÿƬˣҶСһȵӡ
ҶСĻ˶ʱһӣѾÿƬסˣرУҶСĻ˼ûУͿʼ򰲡
㡭
ˣҪˣҪǱס˵̸Ļ⡣ʱΪΨһĳ˵ĸϣ˵ƾһɵ֮ǲ޿ַϣӸλɵһ
ϣµĻһ䣬ǶȴţǸÿƬǲô棬ֻҪյͻ
ԼʮһӵʱмʵòˣԼ¥ȥϢڿˣҲƬϡ
Ϊȴģмһ˿ˣҲм˿ӣŷǧһ鿴ҶСֻϵһ߳˼ҳϵˮ
ҶС⣬Ѿ̵ˣҲû˵ʲô


803 
Ŀڣе˿ˣĺܸˣԸȽϳȵŹ壬һ곤ϣţŷǧڿ־ҶС翿ɳĺϱĿ۲Χһһ˺ܲһľʵϣʱʱ档
һ˸ߵĹӰҹʱͻȻû˵һ仰Ƭ̺󣬿Щֵ˲˵˻ԱղС˺ܶ࣬ҹһϵѹ
Լʮӵʱ䣬һ¥ϴͬʱһ£һȻڵļ㿴ңҿ㣬ڲŷʲô¡
ʱҶСʶչ鿴ȥ¥ĽṹԺУһ㣬⣬еһܡֲ鿴ʽǳķѾΪ˲ǵȫֵõġ
ֻһڣһ굹ڵϣѪĿ̶ãҶСϽŷǧ˵һ
ŷǧɫһ䣬ߵｫתһ飬Ȼû˵Ǹֲֻ˵ˣ°סˣŷǧ˿˵ע⡣
ôˣֶŮϣ΢΢üʵ
ˣˣȥɫѿվȥŷǧ粢磬Ϊڵļ޵Ȼĸ
ˣϣһ㶣ϽȥҲȥˣҶСһȥġ
ʲôˣˣϢ˸¥һžʹ˿һ͸˿ʶ˯µ˳һĲ
ôˣʲôˣ˵࣬ʶʲô鷢һ飬˹ʡ
ճû˵ߵһƽʱϵܺõǰʣʲôˣǸ˵˵һס޵ĺ촽
Ĵ£ߵбһſڣţû˻شãû˻شжЩţò˰ɣ
ʱ򰲸ڵķźķͬʱ򿪣߳Щݵ꣬ǹŰӣֻһ̿㣬۾ЩԺһȺվſڣһ˳ⲻǿصķûиʲô
⻰˲룬ܿѾˡ
š˵һ䣬ɳһŲľŵϡ
顣һŴ򿪣˶濴ȥ
Ůͬʱ˼ǲŷǧȻһĻúֲܿ־ǿǶ
ӿһĻ۾һգתͷһ־ӣҿһۡ
ֻڣ˵ذϣ泯ſڣһѪģֲޱȣֻ۾Ĵһľ˼Ŀ⣬΢ţҿһ鿴ģҪһ˵鿴һŸ
Ϊҽŷǧһ㶼£ӿֲĶһ߽˷䣬˫ĿŹâûпʬ壬Ǵһ䡣
Ŷ鿴ߡ
ŷǧӣԥһ׼߹ʱŷǧǶȱϸֳ
ջ˸ȥ˵ȣ˶ſڹ۲ŷŷǧһжû˸˵һ仰Ѿ˿־壬Ǻ뿪ûһ˿ڡ
ʱվڿſǽϵҶСͻȻоЩԾ˫Ŀų˿ˣͻȻ䷢˲ˣһʵǼûУ
ҶСĻ̧ͷ໥ȷʵûмˣϣµɫѿԼĶͻȻˣеȻܻš
ղˣϽûעˣû뵽˾Ȼʧˣѵǳˣ
ǲǸղû˵Լ뷨
ǣ˸ղˣҾǰ棬ڲ֪ܵȥˡ
ҶСʶչ鿴һЩˣ˵ϢϿˣڵ棬ȥ
˵꣬ȥһҲȥк£¿ղһĻ¥϶һӣΪ˵ĸףϣҲȥ
¥ݺ󣬷ȷʵڿڣɳϣͣһֻľżһ㣬һѼΪˮеһʲôڳεľţҲ֪ڸʲô
રડˮεصڿУĵһ˿־Ȼ
ˣôˣû°ɣһʵЩ˵ĶЩԾ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСĿһ˲ԶĵذкɫҺ壬ҺɢŵѪҺ
һСŮӽ˳һĿ־塣
ôˣ㿴ʲôԱߵʵ
Ůҡͷ˵һ仰
ҶСǰȥͷһʱͷƤһ飬ûôһĻ


804 ֲһĻ
˿ҶСסˣղżеŮ⣬ǿһĻʱֱŤͷ£ϣɫޱȣǷŭ֮ɫ
һĻأֻ΢΢ͷֳˮˮʺѪҺҲѪȾˣһָֻ֣ͷѾûˣƺ͸첲֮Ĳֱˮһ˵ӣͺǽԼֱ۵ǦʣɭɭĹͷ¶˳̵ѪҺѪȡ㤡ֲ̡
˺ȫû֪һ㣬ܲʹеˮӶҪԼ˹Χ˺²û˸ҶϣرһĻס˰ûзӦҶСһߵǰֱۣһƵֱ˹ȥ˳ֹסѪҺû˿
ϽȥҽԺɣҪȻ»ʧѪҶСߵϣǰ˵
ʱϣ²ŷӦ˹ϽıڣԼĶӱſڳȥҲ˹ȥǶ˵ĹĺܺãȻ־ҹĺùϵ
ҶСҡҡͷذϣƬƬмйͷмѪȡ
˿΢΢̾һղֻſ¥ϵˣûע⵽ˣû뵽˾Ȼֽ֣벻ףôͻȻӣûһۣһ˿סˡ
ҶСüͷ벻Ȼ˿мˣȻ¥¥ʱſѾûˣѾ˽ȥ
ղʲôˣҶС˽ü΢ʵ
˳ˣԼֱ۵ǦһѾҽԺˡҶС翴˿еļ˵
ҶСĻڵһȻǶ顣
׳ʲôˣʵҲ˹ҶС硣
ҶС罫ղſ˵һ飬·ʲôµĶǱΧһʱаš
ѵײаˣʲôɾĶɣ˵仰Ǹ˿־塣
ǧô£ôͻȻǸӣصʵϢȥĻɭ嶼־У̫ˣ̫ˡ
֪Ŀǰжϲûм̡ŷǧҡҡͷ˵
ŷǧĻжЩʧŷǧܹ⿪ǸյףôǾͲ־Уδ֪յףжܿ־塣
ǧôģҶСָŵذϣһŴĿʵ
㿴ʲôŷǧָһǰһɫľ˵
ҶС˹ȥľϷһ뵶뵶մѪԱһ㱡ĺһĤϸȥҶСһĤһ״ղſʱӣһѪģһӱʲô
⡭ƤԼƤ뵶ҶС羪ȵĿŷǧ˵
ŷǧ˵ͷһĳ֮ɫЩΡ
û뵽ԼộȻԼƤ̫˼ˣֻһͨˣôֲļɡҶСüͷͻȻ۾һĶ˵ЩƣǰԼƤǰԼĸ첲ǦҾ֮϶ʲôϵ
ʱŷǧһָߣһӣҶС֪ŷǧ˵˶ӣѱ֮вжԷ֡
ǣҶСʵ
üŷǧ˵Ҳоصʽر𣬡ڻжϲɱɱ
϶ɱˣܽԼƤѱɱοǽعرšҶС˵һ䡣
ô֪һԼԼƤŷǧʵҶС˷㶵ӣ˵ж˵Ӱ죬ڿص飬˭Ҳжϲ
ڻûжϳɱɱ֮ǰղ¥ϵ˶ɣ֪˵ԼûɱˣΪ֤ԼףȲҪ뿪ŷǧ˵
вǵ˵ͷ
棬㿴ҪҪĶûжȰ뵶üһָƼŷǧһüͷ˵
ǲҪˣȥˣǼ岻Ǳҵѣһü޽һָƼ˵㽫ֳ鿴ûУ
ţѾˣȿԳȥˡŷǧ˵һ䣬طе˶˳ȥ
һߵ˿УϵЩѾˣǸñģղǸλû˸
ŷС㣬ôأյÿƬˣǿأҪӦһŮЩµĶŷǧ˵
֪Ҳɻ⡣ŷǧ΢΢ü˵


805 Ʋ
ղȥʬʱûзÿƬ˳ĬһҶС翪ʵ
ûмϣֻһ״ΧһЩûƵ·ףƻ˰ֳŷǧε˵۾һʵ˼˵ҲյÿƬ
ţпܡҶС˵ͷ˵ȥҡ
˵꣬ҶС¥ȥߵصķĿž⣬ͬʱչʶǷڸûÿƬͬصҲûУҶСһʧȻȥ
ôûУҶСŷǧʵ˵ĿⶼͶҶС硣
ûСҶСʼε˵ߵŷǧߵĿλã
ղҶС¥ʱѾֵĺѴһ绰Ǹѹһˣһʱ˾ôɵţΪѾ˳ˣɭЩӵܶû˯⣬һ㿴ңҿ㣬ǲԼͬԶˡ
һ࣬ʱʱŷǧдгӵĿ⣬о˶ָָ㣬ɱһ
һֱڷ˯û߳䣬ôɱأ˵ˣҵõܣôɱأ򰲿ŷǧ˵
ûȷе֤ǰκ˶ɷǣɷҲһ֣òŽţ²¹šŷǧ˵
㡭ֱҧʱһֻ¥ϴȻ䣬ɭɭġ
˭ֻ濴ʵû˻شĿһɨȻͣϣЩңʵֻ
ǡǡǡ򰲸Ͻϡ
ǻŵµоֻܿ򰲵ġ
֪ģôȥӵ绰˵ǸѴġЦЦ˵۾ȴؿ򰲣һ֮ɫĿ
ô۹⿴ңҶ˵ˣҲ֡仰򰲼Ǻģиί֮ԲϣΪȥӵ绰һĻֲ̫ˡ
ȥҶС˵һ䣬򰲵ϷίŭµΪ򰲲ӵ绰ԭ붼Ϊ¥ϻпصʬ塣
ûʮӣҶСһɫֻݸ򰲣󲮵ĵ绰ʲô£ǲˡ
лл򰲺ѵõĸмӹֻȻͨϣµĵ绰ͨ󣬾Ϳʴ绰ʲô£ǲ˳ʲôˡ
ϣ³Ĭһ˵·ϵʱͻȻ˸³ĳˣߵı˹ȥ³˶ĳ⽴
ϣµЩƣЩΣ˼ʮ꣬ԼСĶǰܺãǹ顣
㻹ûУûеĻҾ͹ˡϣƺ˵
򰲻е˵һãԷ͹Ҷ˵绰
ڵ绰е˶ϣµĻǶĬû뵽·ϾȻ£ˣһһˡ
ֻһÿƬȴȺʧȥ˵ȫʵЩ⣬ҴĹ
˵ĻͲܵ档ҶС˵һ䣬һÿƬһź˿һĿƬƬΪɫƬһӡһѪɫãһӡһģĹӰֲֲܿ
һ˵϶ÿƬֻûҵѡҶСžˣղŸʬϸǴУûǸ˳ˣ
ŷǧ˵ôˣѵ뵽ʲô
Ǽ迭صΪ˵һģһɱģôϾһÿƬ֪ԼһÿƬǸʲô˹ڸʬǱʱ򣬽ÿƬ֪ˣȻ¥󣬷˵ҪȥҽԺһڳϵʱ˸û˳ţȻһ˳ҶС
˹֪߿ƬпܣȥĲһ˫֣͵ƣһ˸ͷֲˣղʱ䡣ʱһλ˵
пˣѵǱʲôס˲ɣ˵һ䣬ȻĿͶҶС硣
ҶСûлشȺ˭֪ûжԷˣһЩƶܹ˵
˭֪أڴҶС˵һ䣬û˵һ
Լ˰Сʱʱ䣬һһɫƤµŮ˽ϬͳĽѿ˵Ǹ졣
˽Ͻӭȥ˵һỰȻȥһ˫͸ףƤ뵶üװһ͸ϴС
ʿ˽صʬ̧ߣŵУԱʱ֮á
һЩŮ˵顣
ŷǧǰûмǣ˵һһ˴¶һ׵뿪ˡ


806 ȷ
Ů뿪ҶС翴˿޾ɡϳ־֮ɫ˵ǲϢȥ˯һ̫ˡ
˵꣬ҹҶС¥һɾķ䣬ֱӾ˴ϣԼǸ䣬ſһŲȻŷǧĽŲ֪ŷǧлҪ˵
ûйأֻغţŷǧƿ˽ţ˹ҶСߡ
ʲô֣ҶС籧ŷǧʵ
ŷǧ˵ͷһǶǱȴˣǱĹ˵ĻΪ϶ֳ쳣ǣǺûʲô쳣߲ͬѣ˶ԷеְʾԻʱŻʧȥң˿ơ
ôһ˵ԡҶС˼һ˵ǣôߵģʩչ˭
ʱ򣬹üʲԼʱڴ֮ǰ϶뵶ԼƤʱ϶Լ賿ʮңڷ˯ĻдߴʦʩչİʾԣͻȻĳЩĳղҲ鿴һ£иûʲôͻȻֵ֮Ļ棬ȻֻҸղſֻֻʲôûУʣˡ
˵ڰʮҶС羪ȵʵ
¾ǰӵŷǧ˵
ɣԷô׼ܹ֪һͻҶСʳеɻ
ԷǴߴʦʾŷǧ˸ǻ۵Ĺâ
ô˵ҲǱ˴ߵˣĻԷôܹ׼ֹܲأ
Է϶Ѿ㵽ֿԣ˺֣ò˵ǵĵһΪƻǻˡŷǧ¶˵˷֮ɫ
Էٴǵǧ𣿡ҶСٺһЦ˵һѹŷǧϣһִ˽ȥͬʱͷŷǧĺ촽
ҪǻỪĺôҶСͼȥŷǧͷһᣬ˿һĺΡ
û£û˿ʱȻϾʹ˰֡
ʱŴ򿪣ͬʱŤͷȥֻһɫװվſڣԾĿˡ
ŷǧѸٵƿҶС磬Ӵ
ǡ˼ˡһε˵˵ž׼߳ȥ
棬ߣˡŷǧ͵Եã˭ղǸӶס
𣿿ܰɣ浭һЦҶСһȻ˹ŷǧߣǧǲƲʲô
ŷǧҶСʹһɫҶСһһžͽعˡ
ŷǧղƶϳ˵棬üͷǱ˴ߵĻŴߵʱӦò̫ãҪһͽ죬˸ԽӴ˾ˡ
ȷʵǸ⣬ܹиĿ귶Χ¾ֻˡŷǧ͵Ŀһ档
ۼ̶˶£Էչͬسҵ棬ŷǧس档
ãҾֵ£ѾһˣϢˣˡ濴һ˵
㻹ǱˣɣǸڲСİȫҶСһ˵޸ǸȥˣȴżĽĽУȷʵûб˵ָƣô֤ղŷǧȫȷģУ¾͸ˡ
ģҲռ˵ģɳ˯ͿˡЩԥҶСЦ˵ȻӴɳϡ
Ȼ뿪ǣΪİȫڼ䣬Լһίĺá
˯ɣôģԸ⡣ŷǧһЦĿ˵
ǧŷǧһۣһ𣬿ֵӣҶСɳϣ˫Ŀ˵
ʱʣʮһˣǻɳϣľϣһܷӣȻûһ˯Ѿղǲ̵һĻˣҶС˶ȥϢˣǶȥϢǲңԼΣա
ڶ죬ߵӵʱҶС۾ſڽŲŴǼ˽ҶС˯ɳʱĿһȴʲôʾҶСĿֲ֪ġ
޻ˡʱϵŮ˫ۣ۾˵
С㣬Ǽı档޵ݹһ͸ϴϴװżŰֽֽϾǼݡ
ⷽĶ治Ǻ˽⣬ֱӵݸŷǧŷǧһ⣬Ȼû˵ָƣٷ֮ʮǱˣǾȴ߿ʼ顣
ߣھͿʼжѸȻ߽䡣
Ůϴ¥һ˶ûˣǶѾȥˡ


807 ٴ
һ־ʹڻЩҪȥȥż뿪ˣռһӰӼźһҽϷй˾Ҷĳ鵱Ȼܶࡣ
˾Ĺ£ϣÿռ˼ÿİٷ֮ߣӹɣҲΪˣ⵽˼ͬܶ˵ļʣͬУֻյĹ˾࣬˶ƹһ˾ҲƹܣÿУͲͬ⡣
ҪȥòʹɣߺҶСɳʵ
ǳȥߡŷǧһЦ˵ûĴ죬ɭܶطǶȥ
ǲȥ賿Щ飿ҶСֵʵ
ڲҲʲôѾﵽ˼߾ĴʦɱѾܹﵽεĵزǸȥ飬ֻУȥȻλãԶԷȥ˼⣬ڻûŪһ⣬ԷΪʲôҪɱɭˣҪɭĳһԶȫȥɭˣȻҪЮαҪأŷǧüͷ˵
Ǽ̫ˣʹɭˣҲĸͷòֻɱˣɱĵˣ˾ͻԼͷӣǸҶС˼һ˵
ܰɣŷǧ˫Ŀо֪Щʲô
Ҳ֪ʲôҶС˵һ䡣
壿ѵΪӣŷǧ˵һҶСܲ׵Ļ
ʲôӣҶСɻʵ
Է϶Ѿߴڵ˶һ𣬸裬ǵ˵ڲҲʼȨڶԷ£ԷѣȻǾ˼еĳһˣӦλԷҪǼҪĶŷǧŴϻ۵Ĺâ˵
Ȳ˵ЩˣЩֻҵƶϣûаݡŷǧҡҡͷ
ߣǳȥߣҴŦԼСŷǧҶСǳǳһЦ
ҶС˵ͷ˾һ˳ȥߵʱ򣬸ŷǧԿףȥʱ򣬿һͿһ˳ȥʱûпֱ˳ȥ̫鷳ˡ
һ⣬ʻŦԼֵڣ¥ľȺ·ޱȣǹʻУķ̶ȸͲһĳܹȵ˵ãҹЩһغжȲˣ̶ȶһΡ
оô֣ŷǧЦʵ
̶ȺܸߣҲߣƶҶС翴ΧƵĦ¥˵
ţĴ󲿷ԴЩУռеԴԽԽ࣬ƶˣռеԴȻԽԽ٣ֻȻأҹҲһ˵ʸߣ뵱չһľ磬ǵʶߡŷǧһЦ
ܰɣҶСʼ硣
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ŷǧһڴӡ
룬ŷǧ˵ͷðɣ
ô˵ɭˣûбҪϵŪô⣬ףֻѾˣܲá
ŷǧͷӦϲãԴ򿪳һڣֵĺʿ
ҾͲˡҶС˵һ䣬˳ŷǧһЦҲ˳ҶСԡ
ݺݵĵҶСһۣɫЩѿ˲ͻָ˹Ƶ˸ʻλã׼ŷǧԼߵģҶСڸʻϣŷǧ֮ĸ飬û뵽ĴһӱҶСƻˣǼٵġ
Ҷһ£ʲôģСγʻһξһʵ
ѵȥҵݣҶСֵĶʵ
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˵ġŲæ˵ʵȷʵҶС磬ȴӻһ£֪ǴгķɻˣԼڻĵѰæһ£֪ҶСֻһѧʱ
ΪһѧûʲôʸŷǧһģҶС֮Ի֮ݹϵ
ŶҲѹ֣˵ӣҪǴԷȥѾˡҶС˵ԼĶӡ
Ϳ쵽ˣӵʱ䣬û뵽ҶС绹ǸֱˡЦЦ˵
ֱܱЩαǿЩȴװһںӣαӣԺˣҪٽ˵ͻ㱳ͱӡҶСһѵĿȰ˵


808 һٷ
ҶСĻ޵ֱҧڱҲóҶСڹαӣ˵ͻӱͱһҶС޵ҪֳܱһֳǲǳԼαˡ
ллҶĺѡǿһ˿Ц˵
л͵ҳԷлɣҶСЦЦ˵
㱻ҶСˣĬû˵ʲôԼ˵ᱻҶСץסֿʼ
Լʮӵʱ䣬ͣһҴƵſͣҾƵӱϿޱȣɫߴעĿ¥㣬ƱһȲô͸һ𺳵ĸо
Ĵ£˽ȥҪһ߲Сż䣬˵Сż䣬ʵޱȣһٸƽɺɫĵ̺ΧɳȵȼҾߣܹڿĵطܹϴϢĳȺԷһܡ
ûеҶСߵ˴һߵλãܹ۲羰ֻλãһѾҶСռȥˣһλȻҪŷǧˣһʿӦõڣҶСǸλá
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֪ǧϲʲôûн˵ݵŷǧǰͱҶСȥˣһЩŷǧϲԵķˣȻ󣬴Ӽ۸Ŀ¼ѡĲˣЩŵû˵Ҳ֪ʲôֻҪ۸߾ˡ
һ̽ʲôƽӽĲһǧʮ˿ûпҪǧˣһԵ֪ҶСʲôˣǴӷԱϾ֪ҶСĲһ۸񲻷ơ

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ĻŮԱĿⶼЩͬˣзСǣһȵӣֻҪ΢еʾһҹ
ҶСʮ۸ܹĲ˲ͣЦе˵ֵܣ㻹Ҫʲôž͵ɣҪ㣿
ˣɣ㲻֪ϲʲôˡзȵһЦȻù˲˵˵ҶСñʹĲʽʱĶڵѪģ̫ˣЩ˵ļ۸Ѿ۰ȻǸܼӣǣûһγԷôǮġ
ôˣֵܣǲûǮ˰ҪûеĻǾ˵ˡɫ΢΢еѿҶС绹ӻ򲻹һµ˵
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Щ˰ɣڵ˼ţȻ󽫲˵ݸŮԱȻ嶼ȥˣٵ㼸Ҳ޷
ԵƬ̣һˡŮԱӹ˵ʱ򣬲ۼһĴ֣ȻһۣŮһ󵨣ƵҲʱʱ
ŮԱҡȥʱҶСסMMһ¡
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Ǹֵܣ㿴ǶҪôԵˣûһˮôأҪҪһƿôҶСЦ˵
ҹعĻˣʣҶСҪƵʱ򣬿϶ҪģѾﻢˣֻ˵Ǻðɣ㣬ֻҪϲȾС
ŮǸݵúȣҶСʵ
ҶСҪĲģĳһĵСģƨô˵أֱǸ쵰
82ģ2000ģ05ĶŮԱΪҶСĵĽ͵Ҫһݵģ
ϲĸݵģҶС΢Цһ䡣
ϲ2000ģһĺƲǺܳ£ڴһԭ΢ɬǴ㡣ŮԱ˵һ֮ɫ
ղ˵ݵƸһƿ볢ͬݵĿڸʲô𡣡ҶС絭һЦ˵
ҶСĻٴһۣǺʮӿڴˡ
ŮԱҶСҪʲôҶСҡҡͷѾˣҪĻҪѪˡ
ҶСڲҪˣصһ
ԱߺŷǧĿҶСһۣЩ֮⡣
ǰǳԷֲǻǵǮԩͷڣ԰ײԡҶСŷǧ
ɣҲ°ɣҲûˡڵһվҶСЦЦ˵


809 
ڵµĿҶСһۣȻĿ⣬һһ㾲ߣİΣʼձžӣȫļⶼǽģֻһз紵ݶ֪Σս٣̵ʱڷӦҵһʺϵ޶Ȳ˵ķ
ڵ²ģǵİȫҪʲô£ҿûа취ǸýˡһЦ˵ҶСһĿ⣬ƺ˵ҶС֮ʲôģҲֻϵЩƬѾɭ崫ˡ
壬ԼϸĹǾǱڡ˲ͬϳԷϵǫͺƹŴĻһҶСԹڲ˵ֻȻʹҲ˵ģΪ˵ÿһ仰ԼĿġ
ϧˣɣҪҰɣֵܿļ۸ҿ㣬һ㵱ֵһΣҶСһӢΪ֮Ŀ
ҶСĻһԵɫÿߣҶС羹Ȼ£ʵ̫ˣסˡ
ãүҵְүҲκˡڵ¼ᶨ˵˵Ļʱ򣬶ûзɶܵľ裬˼ֱǸ˲š
ڵµĻɫÿ˺ܶ࣬ɫ仹Щ⣬˵ɣҵ˺ĵģ˵߾ߵġ
ֵܣһҶĽһ⣬Ů˵ʱҲ𣿡ҶС¶Ϻһ΢Ц
ҵĸܣ͸¶зȵ˵⵱ȻܻشҪȻһֻӦҶС衣
Լʮӵʱ䣬һŮԱŽɫԲ˽ؽȷϣǰǸղŮһɫĽӣϷһƿƣķ룬ȻһԵһȡ˸߽Ų
еĲ˶ŮԱҲƿƷϣһж׼úûʲôҪʻʱĿ⼸ͶϣĿܣֻҪԸ⣬ôŮӾôŷǧڳһҺȻŮȥ
Ů뿪ĿԹɻ󣬺÷飬ڻǲķ治С
ŮԱĿ⣬к޵ֱҧһŮԱȻҳЦģһҪŮԱ
ֵܣѾˣÿԡҶС˵ͿˣһĲˣƽӽֻӽſԲɫͨнɫ΢΢һֱˮ
ȷʵóԡҶС糢һڣ۾һ̾ǳҪѿжѿֱ̻ʣûгԹһ㣬һԵۣҶСÿһȥһĳƱ⻹ؼģؼˣҶСǸԼǰԶԲϡ
ŷǧ˵ĳȽţһһ䣬˹֮
һСҶС翴ŷǧжЩĽЩ˼˵ѽҶ㣬ֵܣһˣġ
᲻ᡣڳ֣Ҳܹ˵ˣȻɭӵܣǣڸԣӽĻ綼ˣǿſŽɫӽҲԣҶСһ仰ͽˡ
ǧһ£ſڡҶСҨһӣȻιŷǧ
ŷǧҶСһۣſڳȥһŨӣͺһ۵Сޣжˣŷǧһٷ飬û뵽ȻһԩͷԼװ׻Ǯ˵ˡ
ֵܣôˣô˰ҶС̧ͷʵɻ
˵ˣԷأҶСһ仰ûθڶس
ֵܣ㲻ԵĻһʹˣ֪ǸˣûгԹôóԵķ
ҶСĻʹкҶСɫǺ죬ҲٵĳС⻹ǵһûзȵĳԷһԵĺڵļⶼ˳顣
㷹֮ҶСĿӵĿϣųԵĹĹĵĶƤͲһѾͷˡ
ллֵܵĿһ쵽˻ģһҴ绰Ҳһη
Ҷ̫ˡֻǵһЦȴ룬ȥ˿϶ҸǮҲûôɵأ
ʱӦõģϵӦ˵˰ɣҶСһ䡣
˵ˣǺĺܲң治֪ĸΪ֪ĸһὫ𣬾ȻҶɭ֣ǲˡһʮַŭ˵
ɭ˶ͺˣϧǼڶ̫ˡҶСҡҡͷһʮϧ˵


810 
ڶҾͲ֪ҶԼһܲģ־ڴˣӦסҶСһ׵ȻĿͶŷǧǻȡ
ϱޣۣӦ仰ɣҶС翴˵һ䣬ȻƺܿȴǾζ
ᣬʱ׷󣬲˵һԣôֺŷСһˣһĿҶСʵ
ѵ𣿡ҶС練һ䣬ǲˣ˵˵Ǽɣ
ҲǼ״⻼ܼʱǵļᱻ˵ʳһʣ£滹Ůˣǣ
˵⻰ʲô˼˱Ƚϱס˿ںƣ۾΢΢һУȻһһȨߵķȡ
Ҷ˵ô¶㻹ˣ̫ʧˣҵ˼˵ǼѾҪ군ˣûһ˳壬Ů˶ûǮˡҶС̾һɸֵ˵
ʲôϵҰѹ˾һǮһӦû⡣ɵ˵
һ־ûУѵ㲻ݾľŮЩҪǮģվɭ壬ûǮû𣿡
ۡպһںȻ˳
㿴ϼ˵һȺŮˣһЩȤǣϵ飬ĲУҪеĻڼеĵλҲˣҶͲҪ˵Цˣ˭֪Ժеļ̳ˡ˲ߵĺƣҡҡͷ˵
ѵΪڿЦҶСĿ˵
һ̣ŷǧҲһɻӿҶС磬֪ҶСʲôҩ
Ҿʵѡ㿴ڻô󷽵𣿻һٶҳһٷⲻ˼Ǵһ˵ƷһȨߣҪҪпػнѪһֶΣ㶼ȱ˵г㣬˭մȨ
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ȷһ㷴ӦҲûУһһ㡣
˵ĺܺãռĴȨǣԼмＸһ֪ģȨĻǼֱǸ嶪ˣò˼ʱ䣬ͻο־ڴˣйʱ䣬ҸŮ죬̽̽Դİ˵ĴȨһȤûСҡҡͷ˵
Ǿ̫ϧˣ͵Ҹղһû˵ҪȥұˣҪһỪĵġҶС̾һһʮʧӡ
ô˵һٷллˣʮԹõķҼˣ´ģһ㣬ģǮҸҶСϴЦ˵
ллˡ˵һ䡣
ƿƺ뿪ҾƵ꣬뿪ʱŮԱڶԷƨһ£ȻҪ˵绰룬˵ʱۣһٷµķǮ
Ҫȥһˡ߳Ƶһзȵ˵
ˣĴ䡣ŷǧԥܾˣһ뿪ˡ
ȥıӰ˼Щ󣬻Щ⡣
ھͻȥҶСʵղŷǧ˾˵ĵصıſڡ
ǵģѾˣڱǡŷǧ˵
ҶС˵ͷ
ղ̽ǵʲô⣿ŷǧҶС˵
ѵû𣿡ҶС絭һЦž⡣
ǣֻǾò˼飬ʲô⣬ƽʱһӸģǸŮӳƯͰ˼Ҳסˣ˷ʤŷﵭ˵лЩơ
ѵǰ㣿ҶСЦЦ
ŷǧ˵ͷϴʱһˣͱ˼죬ҺҽΧᷳ
Ŷˣôỳŷǧɻʵ
ûлֻǾʵԶԶûֳ򵥣ƽʱ綼ǹװҶС˵һ䡣
װģ˵СʱǸӡ
˵ˡҶСЦЦĿȴź⡣
Ŷô˵أŷǧɻˡ
ǺǣѵĹܹо˵ҶСЦЦ


811 ĺ
ѵѵ㻳ɭڼ飿ŷǧĿһʵ
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ŷǧ΢΢˼һ£˵ͷȷе㶯ġ
˵Ļ˵ĻӦѪڣ˫ð⣬ǣ㲻ı̫ƽҴϸܵŨرǿңǣε̫ˣӱϣǸͿʲôΪҵĹȽ⣬ҲԾ졣
˵Ǿ仰ʱʱҲһӵģɢвڵıָͲһ˵˱Ҽκ˵ĳǸҪʹƨҶС˵
ǲɭڼ飬ǶҪȥһ˵ϻᷢһЩҲ˵ҶСź˵
ȥǸ潨һ£еȥһȷʵһĥ͸ĸоǰҾ;ЩԾǣȴ벻ﲻԾڿⲻһҲž׽ŷǧ˫Ŀǻ۵Ĺâ
Լʮӵʱ䣬ڵû߽ȥһЦǵЦҶСúϤǣȴ֪
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һԵҶСһ˼ҴС㶼˼ԼݣΪϻ˵ϣһӣԾ˹ķ緶ǣޱȴƫƫغ޹˼ɣͲЩʲô緶һ¡
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ǧ㣬ҿɲ԰Сܵܽ輸죿ʱޱ˵
ҪûɵȨŷǧһЦ˵ȻҶСһۡ
СܵܣɲԣŷǧĻޱĿͶҶС硣
ⲻãҪҲֻϱҵ˲ãҪҵ𣿡ҶСһЦݣе㻵Цʵ
ΪʲôҪ˲ãޱһʵ
ѵòֻ֪˻ϱִ̹ϵ𣿡ҶСװһɻӡ
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ҰæղŲ˵ҵСܵܰæһΪ̫įˣҰ㣬æĻҲǺܽ⡣ҶСٺһЦ˵ӸղŰޱıǸ󵨵Ůӣ˿ЦҲν
Ѿ˵ˣޱﻹܲҶС˵ʲô˼ҶСһ˵СܵܲǸ˼ܹý㼸죬˵һῼǺ
ǻģСܾܵ˼ֻҪԺСܵܣҾͻΪҪҺҶСϳһĨЦ⣬ޱСܵܣоЩ΢΢뷨Ǿ仰ǹһ㡣
ˣԺС磬𣿡ޱͣһСŮ
ʲô£⼸ұȽææ˵ɲԣҶС˵


812 
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ǧղźСȥˣʵ
ղ·ŷǧƽ˵ղŷͶĻ˵һ顣
ü˵СʱرĴʮ꣬˳ȥһΣ˶ˣǴһȻóĬԣӣǴλ˶ˣڱΪ߹ӡǴӡ
飬ʱǼ嶼ûв鿴ΪʲôǸӣҲСʵ
ѯˣǸʲʲôҲһʲôǾǱտڲԣ˵װΪʲôҪװأСʱĴ̶ȣ϶ܹϼ峤λãȻүүǳϲԺ峤
Ҫ峤λøͲȥװҪʲôأ潫ĿͶҶС硣
ңҲ֪ԷҪʲôٷ֮ʮװģҪǲȥһ¡ҶСʼ˵
Ŷˣ棬ھȥ˵ʲôҲһһˮҶСһ
˲ǸߵСϱҶСŷǧһɻ֮ɫ֪ôͻȻӣһԵİޱЦЦ¶ѰζĹâ
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СܡС磬֪Ϊʲô죿ޱһЦĿҶСʵûҶС˵һ棬͵ղȵǱˮղźȹġ
ҶС㶣˼ŮӺȹȥľˮ൱ǼӵĽǣֲ˼һ죬ԭˣҶС
ҲûʲôαشСֵġҶСƽ˵Ƹûзʲôһ㡣
⻹ûʲôȹľٺȣռıˣޱһ˫ĺƺˮһ۾ɵôġ
ǾͽռˣĻΪʲôˣåҶСһЦĿŰޱʱޱĸ첲
󣬰ޱһ죬ûзſøˣҾǣôˣ
˵꣬ͦͦظϴһ˿ӣһôı飬ҶСһ
˾飬ôŷǧʵ
⼸飬Ҷȥ˾ȫԣ˵᲻Ǵ߸֣濴ʵޱֱӱˣһСһϲˣЩ飬ôȤʱȴһȤӣ°ͳҶСļϣ۾ת֪ͣʲô⡣
ŷǧûлشĿͶҶС磬ϾҶСΪ뿴ҶСǷ鿴ʲô
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һл˵˲鿴ΪӦܹƶϳһЩԸܹὫǷ
ģǶǾϸѵˣȻʵǺǿԶǾԺܸߣʼձ侲ˣΪԷԸоСˡ˵ǿҵš
ԸˡҶСЦЦ˵
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ԷǣץסɱЩ벻ͨˣϾЩ˶ѵģʳʲôɱѵҪ˲ɣ˵Ļ˵йˡ
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813 ޱ
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Щ˶ѵˣҶСĿһۼʵ
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ޱ㡣ޱææ˳ȥ˵Ȼ׷˳ȥ˳һΡ
ޱôˣŷǧĵʵ
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ղŶޱʲôüʵ
ʲôҲûղǶˣҾһ£ǵġҶСơ
ĳû飿ɻĿҶС硣
ûҲ֪ʲôͻȻˣѵҵǼ죿ҶС뿪Ц˵


814 ʥŮ
ޱܳŲʵĲ¥˱ſͣŵһɫǰæ򿪳˽ȥɫЩڼʻλõһŮ˵ȥ
ǣС㡣Ůӣһ˿΢΢ļ֮ɫȻ󿪳ӱ뿪
Ľֵϵƻͨ޺ƹŲޱȣڣһͷͷɫһػһİޱЩʧ仹Щģ֪Ҫˣϣ㲻Ҫǹġ
˵仰ޱ΢΢̾һʱɢһӴƣǹƺܹ˺Ѳ񷣬Ӵȴ˿˿ѹڳڣйһ˿
鱼ŵϢͽȻһ䣬óˮ»һ㣬ʥ࣬ȫû˸ղŵĸӵĵȡ֮Ǳ䡢ĮһУͬ߸ϵӡ
ɫڳڷ˰ɫ׷ѩûһ˿Ĳгһ˿ɣɫĳ໥ӳģԵ˫
ʥŮˡŮܵڵӴϢӺӾпޱı仯һɫǹ֮ɫ
ޱ˵ͷ˿⣬ٿ˿֮ϵ̣ȥʥ
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ޱڳڣ֣ᴥһ촽бԣ˲еĹâʧˣͷ˿ԼһĻɫ£ü
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߱ڵıǶڰޱҲûôע⣬ϾޱԸӣġ
Ǵȥǧڣǵİȫб֤ҶС翴˵
Уһز죬ʶ·ڶôѵɱб˵ĻǱ¶ˣһھܾˣǵķ
Ҿǻһȥɣô˵涼ıãӦòܾıãȥܱ͵͵ȥãЩ飬ȥܹæŷǧҲͬҶСһȥһȥ
ĬһҶС翪ڵǺðɣһߡ
˵˵ͷվȥһɫСγŸղıʻȥϣȸһ绰ȷںٶ
һΰʥãɫĽŹɣûִĵƹ⣬ɫҫ磬ǰҮյıʮּϵĵ񣬵ǰڷŸˮ
ŮĴ£ޱ˽ĿһҮյĵȻŮߵ˵ǰ档
ŮŤһµǰһɫǣһ΢춯ƫԭλã¶һĶѨ
ʥŮ롣ޱһԾǸѨóϤ𷢵ŮӸ˽󣬵ͻָԭλá
ѨһƬһ̣ޱɢŵİɫ⣬ӳΧһУһͨͨߵǽṆֵ̀йĳսĳΰݵĳָĵۻҡ
˵ٶȺܿ죬ŵĹâһӾǰʮףԼʮӺڵ˾ͷͷһӣûȥӣͣ˰ʮĵطŮзһŰɫĹâǽϣǽ϶ʱ両ֳһ׹⣬һǽҲһͼͼȴŰƣа׹ļûܹ֡
ͼϵİƺƻһ㲻ϵߣһŹâ˾ʧˣ·һӾͱޡ
˭Ҳ֪ǽϾȻôܣҪһˣΪͨ˰ӣȻӰӶȹ
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ʱ㳡ϣվˣЩ˶ɫַΣеĹŴĳʽӢҹ
ǰվţǿڴ
ʱߵµŮӴӿն˹㳡һʯʯ̨ϣ̨һֹϻƵʯΣʯΪɫưһ㣬ӨӨâʯ̨㳡оŸ̨վʯ̨ϣܹ㳡ϵһС
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ӭʥŮףʥŮǧأ㳡е˶ݹԴŹ㳡ϵ¹ʯǺص㳡ƺ
ʱһӰͬ¹еŮɢŵ׹⣬վʯ̨ϣɫӰƮƮɫĳ»µâʥ䣬ͬϽµӡ


815 
ƮƮһʥ֮ŮӾǸղŴĳͨġޱǳһֺĹУޱȥ·Ů֪ͨȥ㳡ϡ
ޱԴбųɨһʯ̨µˣص㳡
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û뵽ֵҲһֻҪɽˣ֪ڳһˮҶС׼֡
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Ҷ̫ûֵڣһˡһЦ˵·Ѿˡ


816 
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ĲףϵʱǲǺλӼˣ仰˵Ŀź⣬ŮȨߵѪ
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žžžҶС˼֣һЦ˵ֵܣڲžҺǲ̫ԶˣԱĻٶһԱôȡĶΪҲ֪ҵѾ˵Ļ
Ǳ֪ˣȷʵ׼ȡĶ˵ǶȡӦ˵ǼʹѾܹˣ˵ЩȣֶǿĿȡ
ֻҪǲȥ׷һῼǷŹǵģǣƫƫҪ鵽ףڼʹǶѾˣҡҡͷ˵
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ӽһһ˺ףַӳǷḻս顣
һһԾһӳ˾ʮĵطǲӰ쵽档
һӳȭŲãٶȼ죬书Ψ첻ƣַӵ쾡£ȻٶҲԵģǸٶѾˡ
Ϊɣһʱ䣬˭Ҳκβ˭ҶС֪޸ûȫѾȫҲΪ˽ڼ䡣
ҶС֪˭ұ֤ҶСںںϾкüζԼҶСԡ
㻹Уò˵̬ܺáҶСʱûһ˿ĵӣóԾͳԸúȾͺȣһȤʵѵͲΪģ
ʲôãʱһ£ֵܣҪҳһٷҾˡҶС̾˿˵
һڣҶСһ٣ҪƲˡ
Ըڲ㣬Ժ㣬룬ҾʱɱˣһҪ㿴ҽƬزҽʱӡĻгǿźͽԼżһ
ллֵܲɱʱ䣬ɲԸһУҶСʵ
֪ʲôһھˮʵں˷ܡ
֪ǾҪеʲôҶСɻʵ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷ˵漴һת֪


817 ޲Ұ
ûмǸô֪أҲʶҶСɻʵ
ͲùˣʱȻ֪ˡ˵һеһ֮еӡ
Һܺ棬ǸΪʲôʹߴԻ
ǸߴԻһͨԴȪԿףߴ˶ԱΪ֣Ƭزڽ²ʲô⡣һɿȡ
̫ˣȻ뽫Ƭزڽ£Ȳ˵Ĺң͵һĶ˵ģİ˴壬иŸɣһûʥִڣĸƣЩһԹ۵ģҶСЦ
ҪɱЩʲôϵѵǶ˵ʲôôҶСʵ
ɭѪҺ˵ͻȻͣĿбŷ⣬û뵽ô
ʱ޺ӵսѾӽβˣֻ˵彻޴ڴӺһľһվžþδƬ̣һѪӲ嵹˵ϡ
ȥԡٴ˵ϴŵЦݣǲ̵Цݡ
ǣˡͬĸߴ֮ǿӹĶ˵ȻȻתڵһޡ
ǵıǿٶҲܿ죬ڵһսѾ˼޺ܶڣڵЩңȭǿӲΧסչΣ޷Լسһʱ佥·硣
ҪˣôһλƯŮӾҪˣ̫ϧˡҡҡͷ̾һ˵
ҶСûʣղżնɱӣģҪھˣԼڿֻܱˡ
ʱѾȫ·磬͵ȭ²Ϻˣʱгһɢźذףܻ˿ȻҲֻǻֲġ
·磬һĵ֮ɫȻĸ񶷣ȻܹѾҪˣЩҶС磬ֻҶСƽȵɳϣûһ˿öֵӡ
·뵽ʲôһž΢΢һ죬˿ŷǧûעҶСĴһ£ҶС粻Ҫ˳־ˡ
սҶСϽһȥץʱץһΪĶǸһ˿ȣҶСͷһֻԼץС֡
סˣǵһαס֣ʱ䣬ɫͨޱȣϽ֣ҶСһۡ
Ȼ˵ŷǧڿս۽ǵ⻹ǿ˵춯ŷǧһЦû˵ʲôȴ¶ζЦݡ
ҴûмҵǵһΣҶҪҪҸ׼һ䣬Сʱʱ䣿ʵ
ˣŤȥͷװû
ֵܣɾˣֻСʱСʱôܹǰϷҪʮأѵΪֻܼʮӣҶСһʮ˵
ǸҶҿǲܣȷʵܸ̫ʱ䣬ʮӣҪȻͲǰϷˣֱӿʼϴЦ˵Ƴһ档
ôأŮ۵ģйġҶСһ˵˵
顣ʱһֻ޵ϳһ˿ʹ֮ɫذѾʧˣ̨޴ĳӱذ״͸ˣҺĻϲơ
붼֪˴ʧȥˣսѾעˣֻһһȭ֡
ǲһ죬ֱֵ۱һһȭˣȭûͣһӺϡ
ء˷˳ȥǽڵһϣ¥˻ΣҪһ㣬ҿ㹻Ҳ㹻ʵҪȻս¥󶼻ᱻˡ
Ѿ˵ϣһӻصԭλþվţһӣշһŲ£ͼһӲ޵Դ
һ̺е˶˼ԴѡԽųһĻ
ҪЩʧ̬Ľһ
ӿҪڼ޵ԴʱҶС¶һ˿εЦݣ˵˾䣬鷳һӣһȵľɫװӣһײǽϣһԴײǽϡ
顣ǽ£˹ȥ
㣿û뵽㾹Ȼһλز¶ĸ֣Ҿ˵ôῴ㣬ǰ벻ףˡź˵һ˿ļɵղҶСһĹѾҶСʵǿޱȣҪˡ
û뵽黹أҶС絭˵ҳԷķϣֻҪһж˵ҿһ
ôţʤһأЦһ˵һ㡣


818 ֮
Ļ䣬ҶСΧĺɫװ˫ĿͬʱâǾâҪʵʣɢһɱѪ֮ǿµѹȶռ䶼ƶһ㡣
ֻһʵ𣿡ҶС絭һЦ˵˿ûܵƵӰ죬ͬŷǧҲûܵӰ죬ƺǹһǰͱһεˣ˶ףҶСʹȻ
Ҫ˵̫ˡЦһʹһɫ
Χʮࡢ̺ǿҶСʱҶСûжɳϣһɫĹâɢһ޴ƣݺȥʮʵǿҶСǰͺϺĲ˼顣
顭ҶСɵǸʮȫķ˳ȥܶװǽϣһѪЩֱӱĳ˿䵽档
ôڻʲôֶξʹɣһĺɫװѾȫʧȥսҶСǹҳһ˿ЦŶҲˣ㻹аľѻ֣㲻ڿǹɣ
ҶСһ仰뷨ղȷʵ׼ľѻָɵҶС磬ǣҶСѾ˾ѻ֣˵Էʵǿޱȡ
ʵȷʵͦǿģǲ֪ʵǿҵġһЦ˫Ŀ˫ǰ˼£аɫâ˫ּתĪĹ켣
˫Ŀһһɫâȣ⡣
⻰һɢһɿֲϢǹϢļ£ΧĿռ΢΢γһص򳡣ƬеΪá
ԭԷ˾ֲáҶС絭һЦ˵ƸͲƵӰ죬߰ɣȥ棬Ҫ¶Ҫ㾫װ޵¥ˡ
С㣬û뵽ΪѾﵽ־硣ҶСͲӰ죬һء
һûκεգۼͳ¥棬վŵȴҶС硣
һȥɣһһⶰ¥̮ݰ档ҶС翴ŷǧ˵ȥ
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ʱҶСվޱȿӾرԵѾΧĿռںϣ֮ϵµ»һƬϢ˼֣ҹ£ʵǿ
ְɣҿƿؾ츳ߵǿ󡣡ҶС絭˵
ȻҪҳȫ㡣˵ȫһ׹⣬ƾһץΪҹ
һѹҫŶĿʵĹС
ǳΪҡââ˹ϣγҫɫâҡ
ΪҼ仰һһ»к£ܳһѰɫĺõļ
ȽһǿĹڤڤ֮иӦоҶСʵǿޱȣԼ֮ԿһϬĹ벻ɾһˡ
»ʱ򣬾ⶰĹ·ϣһɫŮʻͻȻӦ򣬵̵ˣ
Сγͣ·ߣ򿪳ţһʧˣɱ
ʱü۳ɵĹϣǳ֮ɵϣ׼ҶС磬һͣ»ɵļΪһ⣬ǹ͹ңƳ˹ƽҲΪһڰɫļ󣬼ٶȸ˼֣ͬԽʱռҶСǰ
ʱ𷢵ŮվһһøߴľϣҶСʱ΢΢һбŷһĨĹʣѵ
ɫѾǰҶС˿æưɫ첻κεвȭգȭͷɫһȭ
ȵľƽնһͨˣһΰޱȣƻɽ겻
䡣һһƬض𣬰ĴӣӾ峺ĳˮ½ʮףȫǿµˡ
ɫļҶСƥľ±ˣȻҶСȭ粢ûͣȭΧǲ򳡣ͷϼ𣬶ˣ˵ϡ
ˣû뵽ҵľ߳ôࡣ㶣ŷӦ˹̾һ˵ΪԼʵѾǿˣһܹ赲ס˻ûгأڿʵ̫Դˣˣһ̣ᵽ仰ĺ塣
ҾǸˣһĳֶεģڿ˵˵ľ˰ɣҶС翴˵ȻŤͷɫŮӵλá
ĶɫŮӸ̾һ˵һһ紵һ㣬ʧ˰ҹУҶС粢û׷ȥûиܵŮϵĵɱ
ҵˡ˵
֪ˣǽ˵ҶС˵һ䣬ͺվڿſڵŷǧ˽ȥ
˽룬Ŀһ⣬Ҳ˽ȥ


819 
˽ɳϣһھˮ˵ʮ꣬ʵǺһȥˣǽӵһţ˵Ҫı˾ȥһطָĵطڶİɽϢܹκ˵ҪȻǾͻʧȥλᡣ
һʼҲ֪Ҳȥȥɽ·ˣε̽Ƕ֪ԷյһżżϵһģһһǰеھɽԶһУһˣԳΪߣҲߴ·ˣ˵ž͸ǣҪȥһط
ʱǶţһλǸƭӣרŽƭǸطչʾԼܹƶǱסˣ͸ߵɽС
ҹǾïܵĴϢǵڶѹʱڵĵطѾˣһɽȣɽг˸ʻһߴȵĵ񣬻ǵ֡˵¶һ˿Ŀȡ
õ˼ȴһ֪߸干ͬػܡ
ֻҪ߸Ѽܹ򿪴֮ŵõϵʼĺȴ߸ʹǾȻô򿪴У˵ʲôõϵ½Ϳ̿ߴҲ֮ƨеϵôôߴôԽ˵Խ
ʲôܣǸ˾ôõУҶС練һ䡣
ǸǼĿߣĴרžΪ˵ȴܹǹʲôĿģֻҪܹõǹʲôˡǷ֮ɫ
ǰֻǸͨˣأѾͨ˳̫̫ˣҵõǹҶ㶼ҵĶ֡˵
Ȼ֪ǼôȥãҶСɻʵ
ʱûе1224ƽҹҲԲ֮ʱһԲ»߹죬еʢʱǴ֮Ŵ򿪵ʱ򣬱õȵһܶ֡
1224ҲǺˡҶС˵һ䣬˵Ǹ
ҶСʻϹһЦݣǶ֪ǸǸүүҲ֪ǼʧȥǼҪһʾһ峤֮λкҪ峤ĴҪʽģǸʽĹ̾ǼĽӹ̣˭Ҳ벻үүǲ㱳̫Բûн峤֮λ㡣
ĿЩͬ
˼˵ֻҪǼȡүүһ溮˵
ǡĬһ˵ʵͷӶǲģʹ׾ǣͷȻ׽ֻе̫ҪˣͷҲ˶ʱգһҲõѡΪס
ɱɭʲôãҶСһɻȻ˵ɱҪǼǽڣǻбĿģǾʲôĿȴû˵
ĴҪ߸صѪҺЩѪҺܴ򿪴֮š˵һ˵ֵʱо¶˷֮ɫ
ЩҶСˣʵͲں˭峤Ҳû֮ģҪֻǴУνÿƬȵеһжֻ˶Ŀˡ
ŵĽ⿪ԭԽųˣΪʲôѵǽЩۼѵܲɣĻҶСܹܵõ˵Ķģûѡ
Ϊʲôֱȥͷ˵һУѵǵ˿һһῼһģΪʲôҪ⵽ô£ʲô
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Ǻǣɲ㣬үүҲѾ֪һУҪĴУҪѵҪѡˡһЦ˵
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㲻Ǽϻ۵Ůѵ㶼벻ףȻүүеȨ£ΪĲˣЦЩ󱲻ǵĸ߶ˣǵһһļ֮СԳһЦ˵
סˣûûѵүүҲ
Ҳѹĸ嶼ӵģοүҲ̤ʬλģ峤λôԭ»һֿܣҶС簲ο
һȻ˼֣ÿ˶ҰģԽˣҰԽ󣬲¼ҲԽ࣬ǸϲеȨ֡
ʵʱ򣬶еȨӵִţץסţüеҲȨġ
Ȼ˵үѾеȨȥˣǸǽ˵˿ܡ
һı
֮ʲôطʱҶСͻȻʵ
ֻ֪п֪ʱ֪ͨǵģΪǸ֪ܲȻߴ⣬õʱ䣬ƽҹۻᣬߴ˶ۼһȻȥ֮ء͵
ҶҲܺɣʹǲ㶼ģʱһȥҪʶʶΰһ̵١˵


820 ˿Ѷ
ŦԼһׯ԰ڣеĽϣлҵĹл԰ֵĴ£ׯ£Сˮ㻨ݣĽׯ԰һֱ
װ޵ĺ¥ڣһмҾ߶ľƵģɳǴֹƷɫ̴ľÿһľ϶˹ĥģĻƵȵȶʾֹš
ʱڣһɫεŮվһźɫ̴ľǰľϷźöŰɫֽеɫ̣ɫ̵ıԵŸֻʡ
ŮһͷɫִһֽĻһ˵ӣʱѾˣȱһӡ
۾˵꣬ĴŮӱʼ˲ԾֽФ֣ҶСڴ˵ĻһᷢһģһճҲˣֽϣҲҶСӣ衢а裬дȵȣ϶Ǵһ˿΢Цӡ
ŮӵȻǴˡ
뿪ĺ󣬱ΪԼܹȴǣӻһӾǣңһֻжȹᵽһ飬նҵ顣
ĸ˵Ů֮ͻƹȻ޴󣬵е̫ˣ˭Ҳ֪ǱĹмһǧûˡ
࣬࣬ÿ¾ն˿ʱյһĻĻͳǰǸ֮ϵſǸʵļϣǹɵζ˿µĸоǣϿʱΪĻ
Į߰ҶС̻ƽľͿһ˺£ǸѩҹһͨˣûκΪͨˣᵽͨУΪһ¥ȻΪͻˣԼˣԼΪԶҪͻƣôԼһܺõĽߡ
⼸ҹÿӰӶԼͷȴˣնϲˣҲ᲻նϣΪ˽ʹ࣬Ψο˼顣
ԼƷʱһ΢ĽŲûлͷǵŲرϤ˿ŵĽŲ
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ʱ򣬸˹Ѷ޵һͿΪ˻飬ÿ춼ȡ䣬ϣһЩȤ飬ܹʹˡ
Ŷʲô飿ʵһ˿ɻܹ˿ųΪȤһ򵥡
𷢵Ůӣɫһת·뵽ʲô⣬ߵľǰֽŰɫֽˣ˵㣬ɲԸ㻭Щ˭㲻ǽѣ
ǹžϷһ˿˿ĺΣ΢΢ЩȻ³֣ǡ
Ǿ̫ϧˣղһˣø㻭һģһʱںսƺ˿ŹƲ˵꣬Ŵı顣
˿ŵĻĽ΢΢һ£¶˸ӵĹâþãſڵûˣ
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Ҳ֪ʹĸܵɭû뵽ӻǸ츳ߣѾﵽƿصľ硣˿˵
߻Ůӣһɭ棬һ̽־ϷһʱĻŮŷǧǳҲͦƯġ˵˿ſ˿Ȼһ䣬Ǳ㻹ǲһЩ
û뵽ȻѾˣֲáͻȻתͷʵ
Ҹղżʱϱ߸ۿڵıȺУǸǸģڲ֪˿˵
ֻҪСþô˵һ仰ȻĻֲȱһ˿¡
ıУҶСĻ΢΢˵ͷȷʵҲ뿴νĴô£ѵǰ㣿
˶кĵģҶСҲ⣬桢޺ŷǧҲһǸеǷͬ˵ܹ˼壬üԻ͡
ڿǲɱˡ˵飬¶Цݣһж֮С
ǲɱ㣬֪νĴУǣⲢ㡣ҶСٺһЦһȭûзӦıϡ
žžžҶСֻӶ˦˺üơ


821 ƶ
ҶСֱ˦ʮͣʱޱȣֱͲ˵ͬʱõǰǹɰ뵽ϸУƻڲĽṹʹֻҪһͻ
һˣû뵽ҶСĻᶯ֣˫Ŀŭڣ˲ˣһǳˣ֪Լٶһ䣬ҶСٴ͸ơ
ղŶҶֵĳͷҶС絭˵ŤͷŮӣ뱨Ļܶ֡
ƬӣҲ˶֣㿴ңҿ㣬ҶСЦЦֵĻǾͻȥ˵꣬ҶСȥԥһҲҶС˳ȥ
߳ȥʱһ仰òҪүүҪȻҪҲ֮顣
仰ᣬһ̵ʮһմȨŮӡ
뿪һ¶һ˿ƻĹâ
߳ıһĬ˾ȻǼޣղˣѾ˼֣ٲӰʻһţҶС΢΢˼ţŷǧǻ۵ĹâŸղ˵ĻҳõĶһĳݣҼ
С磬˵үү᲻Ÿղ˵ĻСγʻʮӵʱ䣬濴ҶСʵ
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ܾЩԣܹ򿪴֮ţߴõеôΪʲôǵȻ»ﲻǽǼۼŷǧ΢΢üͷ˵
µһʹǸԳΪߴĿߣһ֪ľǸҲԷ¼ʹǡ߹ӡҲҲֻкʱһвܹҶС˵
ϣүүĻһ֮ɫ˵
ѾǲܵģղŴĻвƶϳүү׳־ȻڣֻҪҰĵˣҸᡣҶС˵
ǡҪĴ۵ģԽҰĵԽǲ淴һ䣬ʼϣԼүүҪĻȻԼүүҰģ߶ߣǲôǶүүͷӶرĳ谮ֻҪҪͷӶ㡣
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үүĲһ֮ɫĿҶС硣
֪Ҫ˵ĻмֿŶˣһģӮߴпܷɻڴףռһϯ֮أˣҲ֪ǺܱҵĽ֣һжҪߴˡҶС˵
첻ܹɣһҪӺЩ˽Ӵ˵˵һʲôӻǻƶϳһЩõĶŷǧл۹
ãġ˵һ䡣
󣬼˳ĬŸԵ飬ҶС΢΢ü⣬ղʵѾˣƿ죬ʵǿʵºӵʵ߸šһɣһǿ˵ǸߣǸߵʵǿһԷһ˶ǼĻʲô֧š
ŷǧսܹǿһسڵ࿹⣬޵ʵܹŷǧĲһ˿ޱȷḻֲһЩ˵˵ʵࡣ
˵ʵ˵̫ԶˣһûκΪ棬Σչ˲ˡ
룬ҶСðһѣѾ˺۷壬ܹͻƣսһܹ˵ǲܹԿǴ򲻹û⡣
֮ûͻΪڵ߲ޱȣٴһĻϸֱӾܹͻˣ뵽ҶСһȥֱӰͻơ
ʮӵʻڵıʱٶ¥ϣһͷɫĴһͷɫ˿žĿ˳ĳ
ҶС³󣬴΢΢һ΢΢ƽˮ¶һ˿˼û뵽Ȼˡ
㣬˭ǲڻĵʱʶˣ˿źĿŴʵ
ڻĻһѧѧҵͬ˵˿Ҳʹûп˵Ҳ֪ô𣬽쾹Ȼ˵˳ѵΪҶСԵʣ
ѧôأֳƱƻҪǿΪǻĸˣû뵽ȴǸѧ˿ųԾ˵
ĸũҲһΪôġҡҡͷ


822 ͻ
ũ񣿲ɣ˿һȣѵһΪɲʦ
û˵ҲûеҡҡͷҶСȵҪߵ¥ǰʱ˵һ߰ɣ
˵꣬һԶȥ˿Ÿ󣬺ǰɳ۶ȥɻʵ㣬ôȥ
òţʱҪ˵ƽǷƽ¾ֻԼ֪ˣ˶ټ˵⼸ڰҪ˷ˡ
õģ㣬֪ܸ߽˿˵¶һĨ֮ɫ
ڴ뿪˲䣬ҶС·ǸоʲôŴ뿪ķȥʲôûУ΢΢üȻּǰȥ
һԵ濴ҶС飬ɻʵС磬ôˣǲǷʲô
ûУʲôûз֡ҶСҡҡͷһЦ˵
ҶСĻûʲôЩʧ䣬ѵˣ
߽װ޵ĺµŵĴڣҶСŷǧɳϣŵӵһˮŷǧߣŵİ֪үү飬ΪҶСղŵľٶġ
ҶС罫ĿͶվļޣʵΪٴһ𣿡
仰ü㶣һŵӣԼҶСìܺӵһμûиҶСɫλԲѷǶԷھȻ˵ҪΪһ磬ֱһ㣬ѵҪɣ
ԣҪĻղıһȥԼΪԼĶ࣬ҪԼҲòô鷳ͨ㣬泩˺ܶ࣬һҶСĿжһݸм
ʱŷǧҲĿͶҶС磬Ŀǲ֮ɫ˲֪ҶСôͻȻľ
ҶСЦһ˵ڵʵۺ̫ˣղֳʵѾˣΪѾƿؾ磬ΪϲƶϳԼǸνĿߵʵο˭֪νĿжٸˣԷۺʵǿ̫࣬һǸߵΪҵΪøĶ࣬һ˵Ļ򲻹Էܻ⣬ǣڣ²ܶܲˣΪСͶԷΪĲֻܹ࣬ǵΪһֵĻᣬǧֻҪܹڵǹȫΪһᷭޣڵ̫ˣǵΪٳٲܹͻƵԭֻҪڵγһɣΪͻͻƣʵı
˶ͷҶС˵ĲǵΪ̫ˡ
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лֻҪܹİȫУʱ䲻̫ƽˣһ޸֮ŮӸûԱӵ׼ʱ䣬ǿʼ㽫ǹɰ߲ҶС٩٩̸
׼ʱԡҶСĻ䣬޾˵û룬׼ûбҪڻʲôҪ׼أҪ֪ΪѾûнˣÿǲĪĹʱʹִʹͲܹܵ˵ģֻܹΪԼһˣΪа֪ҶСŸᣬôܹأ
ǺðɣǳȥҪȻһΪͻƵƻٵڵĶҶС絭˵Ȼ˳ȥ޼ҶСʣµŷǧ໥˿Ҳ˳ȥ
߳ҶСĿһ˿õĹâͬҹǳһţһɼΪѤɫâзƺƵУðԵżڰ߲Ƚ޵ľһ飬ľǳչ˾Ҳ˺ܶవھеĵطѾ˶ϲ㣬ûа취ͨУ޵ľ޸ôԼӵʱ䣬ǹЩ߲£Ƭ̼䣬ͱ˾ޱȵԭʼΪĹУҶС鿴磬Ȼ׼һԵĹ
ҶСԼǾУһΪӰ񹦡й·ǰУתһܺǾޱȵͱ仯ɫ˷ζ
й·ߣԼУⲿΪӰ񹦡ϣúҶС˵ȻٴתһܣǹɷԵΪˣڼûУ
޵˵ͷѾͷҶСջأеĲùâʧ޵¶˳ʱ˫ĿĵתҶСڵĹɢһӴƣ£ΧĲľͣҡҷ쫷ιһ㡣
һ̣޵ʴжһ鶯أʴʱ鶯Ϊƻ˷һ֣Ʈ졢ãһֲʵĸоһԵŷǧ氵էࡣ


823 ͷӵ뷨
ȫɢƲһ㵭ɫâҶСŷǧǧףǼҪͻˡ
ϵѾﵽһؾƵʱȻ䣬ΧĿռ΢΢һöʯͶƽĺˮУȦȦƣʱЩͻȻʧغƾֹһ㡣
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ޣͻˣ¶һ˿ľϲʵǺͼ޴Сһ𳤴ģȻ׼޶ʵĿ
ǵģС㡣棬еļЦһһ¶˵΢ЦȻֻһ˿˿ȴǾ֮У
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лǺҶС絭һЦ˵
л˵һллû˵ʲôѾҶСĶ飬ֻҪлԥĳ
ͻˣ»ص˿ղҺûڿУҪȻЩļҾһữΪĩһıҶĩõĽ͡
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ɭȨүүĺѼ滤ڵĻߡ
ôͷ¶һĨʵɲߺ츳еľ⣬һСһеľ⣬ν˽ӡ
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Ϣȷʵһȷ˽ܽĶ˻ߺеĶϡ
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չӥ˵˵ļĴмֵĿŶȣͷٴʵ
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˷ģѾ㹻ˣ˵е᲻ı䣿ûܹܲͷһڴĿչӥ
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չӥĻͷӵ۾һ֪Ȥӣӻ汻ԤˣͷȷʵѾ˼
ѵ׼ȥչӥ𾪵ʵ
ȥǲܵģǣҪȥͷһ˫ɫԵø˶٣ʵȸǸһ£ȻͷӾ۾ۣҲ֪û۹ˡ
ͷӵ¶һ˿廳֮ɫ׷յ¡


824 ȥ
ӳˡڶ糿˵ҵʱ򣬼յ֮˵ĵ绰룬ɳȥ˸˶Է
ɣٸˡ޵˵ʵѾﵽƿľ磬Ĳ˷֣µЩ˲쾳ʵ͸ٲ˶Է˵Ϊ̫ˣʹɱ֣Щ˶ģȻװ
ǣӳ绰еǸ˹˵
ҵ绰󣬼룬ȻķȥбҪ棬˵ҪȥʲôҪ顣
ʱʻһҿͧž뺣߼ԶһҺʻȥʮ׵ʱͣΧĿռ΢΢һȵޱȣƿɰһӾ˼װϡ
ʱװѾվ꣬Ƕ֮ˣʼİάᣬĦĲأ˹Ƕ˹˹Ľؼĵͬ˵Ϊƿ졣
ˡһһͷɫ̷һЦ˵ǰάᣬԸʣѵõ⽻ԱһԸ䣬ڼʧȥȤǶŮȴһףŮ˶
ˣˡ˿ˣĿͶάᣬһЦ˵رзȣȫûгμҶСʱװּԸ
ܿ˿ʵ߻û𣿡
Ӱȥٲܹ˵ġһλͷԵҡŴԴ˵
Ѿˣǽɣʱһڴ˳г˵Ĳɣ֮Уƾ˳һз׷š
˵ǹݡкܸӣ֮ڷˣܾأ˽ȥ
һΪãļҾɢܰ㣬ǶΪľƳɵģɺɫĵ̺ڵϣһϺɫ̴ľķżˮ߸߽ű볤ԶľƼϣǰ˶ƣһѷˣſűԲƵľˮҲһζ
ųһͷһͭʹߵˣһɫĳۣͷУͿһС
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ôߴ·ˣҲ˵ǵˣϽ°ɣͭʹ˵˵дһ˿ϡ
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ǵ׼𣿡νĿʵһۣȻƽв˸ŵĺȴеη塣
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ѾǵϢʶ˳ȥߣҪȥĵطʱʵ
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ߣĻ𣿡άʵ
϶ģԵ㣬̰ÿȨߵֻҪ˸ôȥˣ߸峤λãĸӵ̰ˣ̰Ȩˡ˵Ļһǳĸо
̵ĽһЩͭһʧˣûһ˿ףɼΪѾ˺־硣
ˣ㿴ңҿ㣬ĬһǺһ˵Ļ٣ӺĿ˳ȻԼղĦͧﳤȥֻ˹¹µĺּ֤˸ղǵĴڡ
˸߳һɭүӾȻ漣߳ɭĳǱһֿϼӳչӰߣʱ޿̶ھĿΧһУ˻үӲ
үŦԼһвڣֱ߽һ䣬ʱˣǶ峤
үӽʱ໥֮еţƶδѣһ໥ǾȻܹܺõģûʵ̫ˡ
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һ޵ߴ϶һȺʵǿ󿰱ɵˣܹߴдпġ
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825 ໥̽
ŦԼнһһϡԵüΪׯ԰ڣһɫ˶װĴվһŻľǰһֳëʣһŰɫֽʱĻԵĲͬее㰧˼е˶϶е΢Цһ˿ӣЩ˵ͺԼĸһ㡣
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ǣʱǳ֮»̵֮ļܣ»֮ûзӵ󡣡˿ü΢΢һ˵
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ãӴ̽ʲôʱıһڻؾˡ
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˿߳ȥ󣬴˫Ŀо̵Ҫʲôѵߴ֮ʲôϵɣ
ſͧʻߣֻͷӵĵ绰ͷ˵кöûˣͷ˵˵û˼һڴӦ
ҵ绰¶һĨ⣬ǹһ˿ȣϼһ㻹ǰͲסˣ֪ôѡڴ
үر𣿡ϰһɫװĺڵ¹˵ڵ´֪ԼҵүȻôϼʶʵжӹˡ
ȥȥׯ԰˵¶һĨЦ⡣
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үү忴ôӲʡ˹˵ͷΪôеڻҪеģô˵һ󱲡
ûãѾȲϵˣҵ֪һ첻һˣԺδҪһˣүүһʱڣ帣Сͷһį˵
үү廹ǿ׳ٻϸʮ궼⣬廹Ҫүү֧ŵġʼձŹ֮ɫôģܹȥ
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СʹҲ棬ϧǴȥԸ䣬үүһὫ峤֮λ㣬ŵļ徹ȻûһܹΣڻʵڰͷһɫ˵
ߣҿǴγȥˣҪȻһ֪羹ȻôܣҲΪһ峤ѣ˭ԸҪ˭ֻҪܹõеؽһкѣϹʵġ
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˵ǸϺ꣬ôǸС꣬ͲĻķǳĲˬ
ƽʱֳһжǼٵģʱ֪СصĿ湻ģҪȻһ֣һ治֪Ȼʵ
үү֪ҵģҶԼûʲôȤҲûǸֻҪŮˣһˡһε˵
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үүô֪ģװһɻʵ
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Ҳ˵ģүү˵˵⾿ôһ£
ͷӵĻ¶һ˿ıó˵΢Ц϶ҶС˵Ļٴ˵˳ȥȻû˵Լɱ˼弸ˣ˵ȻͷӣͷߵǸߣһͷҪԸͳԿˡ


826 ͬ
һͷüͷʵѵǸνĿ㣿
ʲôֵõģΪҪʲôĻֱɣõŷôۣүүߴĵõȵĴУôǵļһӾͻһ磬ʱ֪ǼӵеĶЩǶôĿЦĿƵ˵
ȵĴܹõǿͷٴβȷʵ
ȻܣչүүҾֻ֪ǵõȵһ˿˿ΪѾ־磬ȫõȴʵٶܹչүүһŵ˵
ȵĴ֮
Ƕ֪˵ʱȻǵģߴĵ֪ºƻ֮أүүʱһȥɣȴеǿޱȣһ˸ͽܲôǿһȥ˶Ϊ֣ʱܹ۷壬ͻǸعеĳЩ࿹⡣һƬ˷ܡ
үүܹõǹܹ̥ǣʱķɣٻϰ궼⣬ﵽЩ˵еľ磬Ҳǲܡƻ
Ȼ֪˵ĻЩţǣɲͷӲţǸմȨʱǶԶҪȻɡ淨ǸĲ˵ģǿһС
ͷĶˣ˵ãҾ͸һ𿴿ٴһ¼ˣûй涨ˣ
û˵ҾⷢǾٴһЩ˱ȽϺá˵
ãͷҲƴһΣǵϵ׸ʲôͷӹһЦ˵·˺ö꣬һ̣ʲôʹʲôĹأܹǿջʧһɶ
һԵչӥͷӵЦ΢΢üͷѵĻΪԹߵܹһ㣬ؼΪܸߣûбǿջɥʧ˼
ȻܺǴ͸¶Ź죬˵ԷΪҪֻ߸˶ߴͷӣֻҪԷܹóһʵͷһͬģͲô鷳
һҲֻ룬û˵֪ʹԼ˵ͷӶı⣬ǵʱܹͷӵ
ͬ壬ͷǶǼѯ£ǲԼͬĶ׼ȥԻǹǿ
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ƻеôϸ߸ߵĸ׿ˣ߸ϵڸԼ
һĽԽУһ㡣
׿վֱ˵ƻ˳Ѿȫ˵Щ̵ͷӣʹߣߴ崫е𣿡
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ǣʹߡ׿˸Ͻ˵
Щ鼴ʹҶܹ֪Ӧףģ֪Ҫ֪¶ߴûлˣҪˡһת˵
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˵˵ͷȻȥŰȥıӰ׿˵ĿЩӣת˲䣬һļᶨȻ뿪ˡ
ıڣһɫµļһƬݵϰԼ似ΪҪԼΪ似ĥһ£ﵽľ磬һսܹӺܶࡣ
С磬үүѾͬˣղҴ˵绰һȥô죿ŵĿڣһǵĿҶСʵ
ĵ飬ҪĵԼİΣǸͷͲõˣǸ˵ıȫĺܡҶС絭һЦ˵
˵Ĳ˼˵үү᲻ĽĶȡʵ
ҾͲ֪ˣȻүүҪȥô붼׼ǼȡȡһΣգǸΪϼһڣүүôġҶС簲ο
С磬Ҳȥ𣿡ʵ
ȻˣҲȥ˭İȫˣ˵ˣҲ뿴ǼĴоôһ¡ҶСЦЦ˵
ȥʱһҪСĵ㣬ܾ²򵥣϶һ޴ıɳϵŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ȻˣǸʵֲԸͨ˵ĿߣЩǽڰˡҶС絭˵һ䡣
ʱһŲŤͷȥֻһεʿޱߵ˴ſڡ


827 
ʲô£رŵʿߵ˿ſڣ˵ʿʲôҪ顣
ʿޱ飬˫ĿһƬɫ˸һرĸоǵս̺ԿԷʵܹͺص໥⣬ߵ˾֮ͣˣղһ
˵ţʿóһŴɫŴɫԵŽߣǺɫëƳɵģʽϾܹжôĸС
ɳվӹȻɳʿԶ˳ȥ
ǳϸİֽдһپë֣ɭ壬С㣬ʮ¶ʮϰ˵ڶϸۿԺֲμʢᡣߡ
ſ֣Ŀ΢΢һʲôʢᣬȫǸڣ˵˾ҪȥߴĴ֮أǱˡ
ô£üͷҶС翪ʵ
㿴ɣֱӽɫݸҶС磬ҶС翴˿ȻһԵŷǧ
ʢĿľߴ˶ۼһ˵ĻɣĹǸνĿ߲ŻὫߴ˴ĿĵءҶС˵
˵ͷҲͬҶС˵΢΢ü˵Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
ȷһֱڰû֪ʲôˣ˵ǳĲԺ϶
ʱͻȻҶС뵽һ飬ŷǧȥɭׯ԰;У˵˭ڻǸԣΪпܵû˵£˵²¾ʣˣ߲ϣ˲鵽صĶ
ŷǧһֱ⣬͵ϵǿһǿߵŷǧʲôŻᶯ֡
⼸ûɱŷǧΪŷǧûвʲôοʱѾҪˣһ²һ£һɱɱŷǧҵʲô˿Ͳˡ
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ʲôǲʲôԾĵطʵ
ߴνĴвô򵥣ʲôõ˶پͻḶ٣ĴУ֪ҪĴۣʱġҶСƶϵ
ʱһɫĵļ˽ϵϢѾȫǸͨˣһ糿ĥϣѾܹʹڵˣڵʵ˺ܶ࣬ŷǧĿǰĶ֡
߽󣬹վߣҶСһۣĿЩмЩɵ
һʼΪûͻǰ͸ҶСʵֻΪҶСֻǸͨˣΪͻˣȻ͸֪ҶСʵжôĿֲʱҶСɢϾ쵽һ㣬ϢԨƺɲ⡣
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ͻȻԳһЦԼ̫ˣʲôأ
һһֱʮ磬ߴ嶼ƽûзʲôر飬ҲǸ߲֦𲻱Ҫ鷳οǵ׼ѾˣҲҪʲôˡ
ӵʱ桢ŷǧҶСͼ˸մһװĵıڼ˾ڵ˽
ʲô£˽漫Ϊ䵭ʵ
Ҳûʲô£ղ·һ£ҪҪһȥμʢ᣿ûں䵭ʼձһзȵ˵
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ǣǽǼе˵˿ߣЩ˶ѡġҡҡͷ˵
û˵ʲôĬеԵЩΡ
ȻֵģǾһȥɣʱҶСǺһЦ˵ȻһһԵĺڵ¡
ҶС罫ĿͶԼڵһľͼɵҶСʵѾʶˣȫֲûбߡ
ҶС˵ˣ˵ͷҲͬŮ¥ȥ·μᵱȻҪʽһ㣬ֻҶС⣬ú⡣


828 ƽҹƽҹ
ũʮ¶ʮƽҹƽҹԲҸ͡ƽƽҹǳŨأͬĵĳϦҹһ㡣
ɫպڣ·ߵĽֵŵƽʣ̵ĲͿ˸ɫյףʥ˵ͼΣÿ͵̳ȺܼĹ㳡жһþ޴ʥʥɢѤĹâҫķǵĻЦǵĽ̸ɫĵƹ⣬͸Žϲա
ڴ˵ƽҹһҸһƽƽԲԲȻЩ˵ҹȷһѰҹһ˱ҹĿͣҲпѪɱ¾
ҹⲻͬڰĻУһԲ¸߹죬ΧǳҪܶࡣ
ʱŦԼŮ񸽽ĸۿںߣһ־޴־ֹںϣֵЩرϵĽرãѤĵƹ⣬ʥͼƬĲǽյϲ졣
ʱʻ˹ͣ˺ߣһװͺڵ˳ڵ¸һְı³ûֶǵȴźͬжˡ
Ŵ򿪣ҶС˳һΣʿʮ㣬ΪϵλŮӴ˳š
һϮɫ˳ɫķͷϣһֻҫǳâ견βڷϣĲϣһɫʯ߹ˣڵϣͬһλ߸ϵĹ
ҶһüɫĿգΣϸ۵ļһ飬һ̾Բ¶ʧȥɫʣҫǳҲֻĳС
߳󣬽žһɫŷǧɫʥ࣬ʱŷǧзɣŻ۹ӡЩľòĵ⻪ͺǻ۵Ů
Ůϻ϶ƽɫ˴ӳ߳ʱǵĽ㣬ͺưҹе飬Ե˶ĿͶˣǻȣŮĽǼʡ
ۣ棬ǧ㣬Ǵ̫Ưˡʱһ˹
ȥֻһɫİޱ˹ϵҲʮֵƯ˲١
ʽЩϣʮֵ䣬촽Ƥ۾𱬵ģҲ˽㡣
ҲͦƯġǳǳһЦ˵
ޱĿͶҶС磬¶һ˿ĽߣǵҶС
棬ǧ㣬һȥɣԸõİޱ˵ĸ첲ȥŮӺưҹеõĻ䣬ŶĿĹʺܰ㡣
ɫзװظ󣬱İȫ
ĸԼ˽ȥҶСҡҡͷɬһЦûĴͽȥҪҪ˴ġ
һԵҶСû˹΢΢һЦһʮзȵӣҶһɣ
ҶС˵ͷΪ˽ֻܸˡ
˺֣ͨһеҶС֣˵ҺÿĻѶʮڣ۸ҶС綼һᣬǮ˰
Ȼ࣬˼С˾ǿǿǸв׼ˣںһȸʲô㲻ϡ
߽ĴǰһҶС̾ڣˮϷ˸߽Ųʢ˺ɫľˮڷŽһͣƼȫǰ˶ƣиİ׾ơ
ƹʡֲ࣬ʵҫһƷžˮ죬һ¶Ǿ顣
еİȵǸġ
˾ͷֿˣҶС˴һǹ߽ϰĵطźƣͺǺͿˮһţ˫Ŀž⿴еˡ
Уʶ˶Ĺɭ˺Ͱޱˣһ˶ʶ
ӦþνĹʰɣҶС翴ӿ鿴һ£Ƕ츳ߣʵﵽƿľ硣
棬ƯһʱһϤҶСѭȥֻһɫһվĸŮǰ¶֮ɫоһʢкɫͻĸ߽ŲϴŵЦݡ
ҶСϤʱҶСйìܵ׿ˣǰİأǸرˬˡ
û뵽⣬׿˺ͰأҶС
漴뵽׿Ǹʼ˱ȻˣĿǰۼĶߴһˣ׿Ҳ
׿˴кֻǵĵ˵ͷûоƱ׿˺һԵüΪ䵭
һĸŮŮӣһ׿һߡ
û˺˵׿ֻúͰһ뿪¶һ˿Ĳʣһ˿ĻȺͺ⡣
ʱ׿ܿʱ򣬿ҶС磬ǹһ˿΢Цзȵ˹


829 
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׿˹ʱҶСѾע⵽ˣɫһûʲô仯
׿˵ĻҶС絭һЦ˵Ҳ˼㣬һͲˬ
׿ϵЦݽɫЩѿ˲ͻָʾ˴ʺ
ȻˣҾͲˣҶܶʲôĵطٺһ׿˵һЦͰ뿪
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׿ȥıӰҶСüͷղ׿˵ϸоһɵȻǹΪ΢СǱ׽ˣѵҲһ츳ߣҶС
ҪЩˣһͨļӵôһ츳أѵλ߻˲ɣЩһʱܹ׵ġ
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Ȼֻͷһ˽⣬ܽ׳ŸԵڡ
߸ͷУһүүֻߵλΪߣͷӵıҲ죬߾ΪЩлһˣͿ͸Ϊһɲ츳ߡ
ǵĵ𶯣ܶ˷׷Ǵк⣬ǳ𾴡
໥һλͷһԲϣ໥ţǸԵı˾ǲԶĵطԱǵİΣ
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Сʱʱ󣬼װѾûˣе˶˴һٶڿĴУԾɾÿޱȣһһȺ໥ۼһϴŽյϲ죬֪ʲôҶСһԾĿ档
Ҫ˵ӵʱ򣬲ŹرգѾʱ׼Уϰ˵ӵˣһλɫŮӣûͲߵ˴һ̨ϣʼһЩյ´ǵȵȣˣˡ
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Ů󣬱ģʽ׶Σеһתֱ˾ͷǲ̫Ӧǵ֣ΪиԵĿĻǼ
ʱڵ˶ܵλȥҪڴһյأЩ衣
ŷǧĴ˿ҶС˴Ľ䣬໥˵ͷһͬ˹
Сܵܣôһ˶ԸÿʵİޱһЦ˵ҶСߡ
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ܶ˼䣬Ҳ׷˹ΧҶСŮӵм䣬˵ЦĽʵĺܡ
ʱĴѾʮŮ裬Ǻѣഺǻޡ
ԭԽˣкüΪΡӢȷǷ߹밬ޱ桢ŷǧ裬һⶼˣȥ
Сܵܣѵ׼һ֧𣿡ޱϴЦĿҶС硣
ң˰ɣҶСɬһЦҡҡͷ
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ҶСĻޱһǲ֮ɫתʱﻹܿƹ貵ĸۿҹһƬڣżܹӫ⣬Ǻлᷢࡣ
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ҶСڶγ˵Ľ㣬һ˵Ǳ֮ɫǲƽΪһʿȶûеСӶܵõŮҾͲأÿжô롣
Լʮӵʱ䣬˻ѾԺˣԱϵһЩˮ;ˮ
ʱҶСоҴѾǱǧףµɽҲҶСĸ֪ΧӦѾԶˣ뵽
أǱһ׵ɽУɽǰһʱһ޴ޱȵĶѨǰɽʻȥ
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ʱһԵصУλǣŮʿǣߴҪĿشҶ֪ûǴ򿪴֮ţõߴһǼ֤һУߴĿߣǴԻ͵ˣжʮӾҪﴫ֮ˣλ׼֤һΰʱ̵ĵ
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ΣҶСĳûвѰԷ˵ԷΪѾﵽһߵľ磬ȻҲпǶԷĳϢĹ
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棬ôһ£ʲôߴĴУ˷ܷ֮ʱֻаޱһ͸¶ãɻĿʵ
氵̾һľ˵˳ΪÿʵŮߴ˶ܵе󣬻ῪĻ˷ܡ
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ҸоҪˣҿҪʧˣ᲻ҪĶޱЩ˵գỨ
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ʱߴ˸ΧȵĵΧǼΪģбŷ貵Ĺâÿ˵ǰƾճһѪҺѪҺɢĺ⣬˵񣬺Ҫ˵ĻС
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Ű׹⣬ҶС羪֣ͬˮһͻȻ䣬۾һƳ׿˿Ů¶˳羴֮ɫѵ֪һЩʲôɣ
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ûǣллʹߵĳȫҪİҸͲн졣׿˵ص
ʱеС㰴ûģһӴƴϷƺƶܹأ´һܹúܶɥ
׿ˣһλµһ㡣
ڸܵǿҾͿԾ£Ψһ񡣡׿ſĴЦϵļ΢΢ȫһƻֱɷƸꡣ
ɹɰӿ׿ˣ׿˵Ϊͣߣɲ⣬ˣûͣΪƵ
߸ͷӿһƬ֮ɫʱеĴѾ׿ϣѾûκϣҪӳҪϷͯҪóһʵվѾǲܵˡ
ʱ׿˫Ŀ磬ɨڳˣһԽȻ


834 
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һ̵׿˺ƾµǿɢԨ纣ǱѹȵĻһɳͷ
ǶҪң񣬸߸ϵЩ˻Ͻݹ򣿡׿˵ھ֮ϣϵϺſ
£㳡ϣûΪȫݹ˵ϣֻʣҶС˺ͼλղŴϵķԱʹǶŲ׵Ϊ
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ˣʲô֪ǸͲ֪ʹ߱ǿԷģԺֻЧһʣµЩԱǣһͷģ˵һ仰ʱǼᶨ֮ɫ
ΰ飬Ҹ˰ɣбѣǷ֮֮࣬ʹԱ˵˵ǵüĳһ£·ǳСָ׸ϵʱǵѾб֮ģͻܵĳͷ
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һĻҶС֣ΪǶѾˣûǻţˡ
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835 ǧ֮
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Ѿ׵ıūˣˣõپͻʧȥ٣仰ȷģȻõϵȴɥʧɣɥʧ˱ҡ
ޱ˿ߴʣˣ˵ˣΪҵĸߴѾ˳صĴۣɱǣΣʱ򣬻ҪһЩǵȶһҳϣҲΪǵȱңһǲǼϼһıŲǴ⴫֮ء
ǣˡ˹˵һ
ʱޱĿͶҶС磬ĿЩӣȻ˿ŷǧû˵һ仰
ޱڵ㻹𣿡濴ŰޱĵʵЩǰǸޱȥ
ҲǣǵΪһ塣ޱ˵Ļ䣬Ʋʳ̻Ůӡ
Ϊһ壿ֹŰޱ
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ޱɲ˵˵⵽ôһ£ҶСɻʵŪôһ£ǵ̸УҶСһЩ
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ҶСʻޱԥһ˵ʵҲûʲôǰܵˣһҰģǲ֮£õһͳ˹ʱңõ֮ģһԴȪ֮ΪҵˣѾˣܹǴοҲֱӴƭҵλˣͬϹŵ󷨣׼ָ֮ģֻλ˲Ż취޸֮ģ޸֮ĺȻһλʱŮں֮ģλŮλŮΪ֮Ͳᱻ֮ڲɱֻǣһָǧ꣬λ˵ĺ˾쵽ǵıǵĺ˲ҪǴĶۼһֻû뵽Ǽһﻹǹƻ˿֮š
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ղʩչֶΣҶСޱȣԳ񣬸ղŵֶκ˼ûʲôֱһȻܹϿռ䡣
ҲϽȥɣҪȻٳȥˡСĹȦ˵
Ů˵ͷҶСһŷǧĸ첲һĸ첲һʹӹȦ˳ȥ޽ظں档
ʱҶСΧൽǿϢһɫװںϣߴЩѾˣҶС翴˿ǶŮĻϡ
ޣȥŮĻǵİȫҶСŤͷż˵
޵ĿЩ֮ɫҶСεĽ͵ѾңһжǾͻṥ
ҶСĻ޵˵ͷȻ󣬾ŮĻȥ
صЩ˲ûйˣǾ̫С˰ɣ
Χʲô˼񵭵˵гһϡ
ʱҶС硢ΧĿռ΢΢ʮȫΪɫ۵¶˳
ʥŮǸصģϲõ˵ĴС˵һλΪϵˣϬĿоܿǸһĽɫ


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ӲϵӻɢſֲϢϢϲƶϳ˵ΪпѾ̤ʥ˵ΪҲΪ˵ã϶ؾĸ֡
ֻϲģĳϡ񵭵˵һ¹ɫĳȹ΢΢ƮԵޱʥ࣬ƽ䣬ȴŵİʱĳϻ֪ޱ
Ļĳ΢΢üͷѵʲôܰƻֻǼ֪뵽ͷ
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ղʥŮյĴУѾ˰̵ˣϻȥⱻĳһ˵ĴȻһΪӡ
ǸղһҶС绹Ϊĳ˵ʵ飬񱻰̵ˡ
ǧˣǻһ㳤ҲûУѵһ׼㵽̵ͷϣ˵
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ֵܣŪˣҲ̵ˡ߳˹ҶС˰˵Ȼܹ߶Կ٣ǣ˭ԸͿսأ
ҶСĻɫ΢΢һ㶣ɫЩԥҲֲ֪
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ղҶС߿϶ǸܣҶС罫ϢҪǴ˳ȥ°Щڶᷴ
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֮Уǽ˳ԣⲻǷƷѣҲܲǼѾ֮ǧ֮һüмƣѵĺӵܲɣǼһ£Ȼͻָ
ɫ̷˹ҶС΢΢һ̾ǱУڲսˡ
ܵԷ̺ҶС˿ҷɣԷնϣһ谭նһ֡
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837 ƾ
һμ޴ҶѰǼѱӨ͸ķɵҶС˵ǷɵһƳɵģҪȻôǿ
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ҶСһƬأû뵽ǼԷĹ֮ǿȻܹնա
ң̤ںƾպףǡö˶ԷĹжܵûбҪͶԷӲӲ
ǵɫɢâ֮Ĺâն˺ϣⷽʱնһԼףԼʮ׵ߵĺһ˺ƽʮףΪˡ
ҶСһ̤ΰθߣƺ߷ɣӥչᣬһվ˺ˮӿˮǽϣͬվ۷壬һС
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һжҶСļ֮УҲ֪Լ˺һΪѾﵽصطӣ׼ŭԷ
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ط̧ںһ壬涼ƺ˶˱ļһӱˣǹΣյϢûȥ˵ԷĹͲǽ£ǡߡ
ߴһȵҪƬطû˿ԥ̧־һȭ
䡣޴໥ײһ𣬷춯صĴӣ˷籩ˮǳߵˮǽⷽΧӿȥΧ쫷ɡ
ײ£˵嶼˶ʮףһСˣҶСһѪҺĵعȻʹֶҲռ˱ˣҪʹ츳ˡ
ҶС磬طޱȣԼѾصĸˣô˾Ȼûиɵôһλ۷Ļˣ˵ʲô˵˶Էʵǿ츳ѣԺһΪһ˲һ뵽ԼҪԼһλУоͲ
ҶСôɳȥ˵Ժܹ
뵽ܣɱȻ˾Ի׽ҶСΪĿģҪնɱҶС硣
ʱĳϵ˵սѾ˰ȻĽ׶Σǵսޱȣÿһι涼ӿռ䶯
Ÿ˺ĳôһλ־ȻѹƲסĳϵɫеԽԽǿᣬȻκ


838 
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㣬ǲȥæ𣿡˿ſҶСսŤͷʵ
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˿ŵ˵ͷ¶ƶǶĿ⡣
ʱҶСսĹĵط̤գݲȣۺʱһʮƽӣʥࡢ䡢ɡ
ĳϺǾĸÿһĹ赭дĻȥȻǵ˶࣬ʵϣҪĹҪĳϣҲֻǸһ鷳ѡ
Ŀǰս˭Ҳκβ˶ԷĳΪÿһʯ쾪֮ƣÿһҪҪڼɣΪΪûг׵ں֮ģΪԷսɼΪǷƽʽܹΪ棬óڽԷĹתΪԼ
Һ˶Ѿﵽ˳뻯ľ磬ǵÿһûжɢҪȻɽѣ˶бڵĺŸۿϯȥ̨
ĳսȣҶСɫ̷սƺƴ˶Ŀƻûдﵽľ硣
εζ˶ˣۼ޸ԷҶС磬ȻҶС³˼Ѫܵ˲ûϿôأطǰӣҪѪĳ嶯ǱǿסˣĻˣƻغܶ౶
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طɫ粻кɢһɺ֮ɫһΪ۷˾Ȼңһ㸶۵ģ
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طӡ䶯Ǹ޴ļֽУѪҺƤ໥ںϣϵİɫΪܲסӴ˲仯Ϊ˻ҽѪҺļϣһѪתϵԽԽʢղǿһ
ùó˽ֽ˲ΪܹʹΪڱȻҲƣһԲ֮ҹڶʱ䲢ǺܳϵѪҺʱѸ˥ˣһ˥˵ԭ֮һһСʱʱ䡣
ںĳսһĻЦһǧǻһ㳤ûУҵ괴Ľ
㡭ʲôĻĳһط֣ģû˻ϤŽ
ģСսҲ֡񵭵˵¶һ˿Ц⡣
ʱҶСɫˣԷΪͱߣΪһӵıȲϣҪӦԡ
ʵˣطսȻҶСǲм֮ɫʱҶСѾ㲻϶ˣоԼʱܹնɱҶС磬ѾܹնɱԷôɱɱѾҪˣҪܹ׽ݺݵ衣
ߣ㾹ȻңҪطݺݵ˵Ŀ׹⡣
еԲαһӣһɫĻⷢεĹ˾ͬٶҲһ
ҶСĿһңӰʹöһģһӰȥ
ǵˣ䵽˺ϣ϶ǾؾȥһģһҶС̤θߡ
ط΢΢һ㶣û뵽ҶС羹Ȼ־һʱԷ١
еٴλӶһɰɫƥ֮ϻҶСͬʱܣҶС粻ұɨУƲһƬƬ飬ʧӰ١
ʱҶСѾطһĳȵļ¡
ҶСٶȿ죬طٶҲܿ죬ҪǷǰҪҶСһһǱΪӣķӦٶȶ˼֡
ҶСһƿҪʱطȻתһȭǾҪ񷡣
䡣޴ޱȵľҶС屻ݺݵ׷˳ȥطһǺ죬Ȼָ˹
˺üͷҶСͣΣһѪ


839 նɱط
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ںϣڵ񹦸תƱڵĽӣ޸ڵƣޱȵĺУ֮ɢҶС£ЩȫȻա
֮ΪͰ޾ǺޣвηԶԶûǺ쳾֮İ߲
֮ٶȾͿ죬̶һʱ䣬ҶСͽԼڵ޸˸߰˰ˡ
ԶŮлԵĴ΢΢ü֮һɢϢͿţҲоҶСΧܵ˵ĲʲôҲ֪ʱԼڵ΢΢ˣȻͻָ
Щ⣬ԼôͻȻ仯أ
ʱһſˣ־ܰɣ㲻ҵĶֻ֣ҪԸʱɱ㣡
طгµƣҶСоһֻϡ
Ǹɱ𣿡ҶС絭˵˫ĿõɫâųȫչΪģʮ׵ķΧγһص򳡣򳡳ҶС籾⣬˶Ҳܲ
ؼˮԪأ΢΢Ϥһ£һͷָͷϸˮڳɲǼͻ˱һգ飬಻ʤ
ֻƾΪҶСԶԶطĶˣһ׼ó츳ֻչʾһ֣нΧȫնɱŻȫչʾ
ϾûгֹһܹƿضԵ츳һҶСóһЩϹע⣬ΪǵΪҶСһᱻǴȥоʱҶС绹С
㡭㻹һ츳ߣյ龰ط𾪵˵ɫøˡ
СΪ̵Сֹ⻷ϣǣȴܴǰ˾Ȼܹƾ۷Ϊ࿹⣬ˣȵòʩչΪܹѹƶԷһͷһû뵽ԷҲеûжá
СС;ȻǸ츳ߣ츳ͬޣǶôµ飬ܵصĴм֡
ߣΪʩչ츳ܴӮ𣿡طԾһмӣȻ֪ҶСһ츳սӺܶ࣬ԾװһҶСӣΪ˴ϴҶС硣
ֻǣ񹦵ҶСܴ˵ģ𰸵ȻǷ񶨵ġ
Կ֪ҶС絭˵һıƽеƯգķطλá
һط궼ЩͷƤ飬б̫ˣÿһ϶ҫź⣬΢΢Щӡ
ǲģֻԽսԽ£ǣҶСһ˿˿ĵʹеǹɵҡ
ѵں£ôô뷨أЩɻɻԽԽأת˲䣬;ͷʹѡ
ⶼҶСĹѾܹɢ֪࣬ûаף˷ʤ
ʱҶСһط꣬һ㣬Ҫ̳ɴ⬡
ΪﵨӣҲ˲٣ӶеһһĲð׹ԲɢղŵĹĹ˺ܶ
Ө͸ıڶԷĹ±飬һһ޾Ʊ̳ѶϵϮ
ʱЩҶСͻȻ䷢طɢѪɫ·ƺı䵭
ѵ˵ҶСһΪԷΪûƣڿʱƣѪɫ·䵭õ֤
һ㣬ҶС粻ͣñԷƶԷӰ
ģطͻȻһ𣬺ʲôɫͻȻһ䣬Хһϵƻָǰ¡
һֳԲεתõĹâҶСվķ
ѾˣҶСʵʱ䣬ĽʱȥٺսҪʱ֣ҪȻʱ䵽ˣҪŰˣڸ
ԷĹҶС˫һУĵ㲻ɵ˹ֻǿѾˡ
ʱطϵƵ˺ܶ࣬Ѫɫ·Ҳֻʣϸϸһƣò˶೤ʱ䣬Էͻָ
ҶС粻֪ǽ󣬶ԷΪ½֮һ
ҶС粻ط걾֪ԽԽǽҶС練Խƽһ㣬ڶԷܼĹжš
ڶԷΪԼ½˺ܶ࣬ٶû죬׷
ų־ͲҪܡطҶСץסˣŭĺе
ãҳȫ㡣ҶС絭˵һɵҶСͷںγһ޴ı
ʵСĳСҶСһ죬ͳУһһطȥ
ҶСҪطǰʱطɫһ䣬ɫЩţ¶һ˿־塣
Ҫط꺰һǳˡ
ҶСٶʵ̫ˣеĳһӶطԴն


840 
ҶСбһ⣬طһ֮ɫԴ˲Ͳӷ˿Դ߸ߵ׷ɶͬʱһѪһ澰Χܶ˵۾
ط嵹˺һͷûӰ
ҶС㶣Щʵ˵طʵܹȥģǣԷûж㣬ʵЩϡ
ô£ѵרŵģרɱܰûôɵҶС
ͻȻ䣬ҶСĿһطɫһ˲䣬ϵЩѪɫ·ȫʧˣϵҲͽȻ͵㣬ѵƣҶС
ڳûĽˣò˵ҶС˼ĺȷȷһʱط׼ǣʱǡõˣеͣǷӦΪٶȣǰ޷ȣ㶼ѾˣǱ緢ˡ
ʱһ˹أҵĶ㾹ȻɱҵĶӡ
г˷ŭʹʧȥĶһ㣬ĳϵ
ĺֻĳϴһһץһ»Ȼȡһӣȥ
ʱ䣬ĳŤͷҶС磬˫ĿɫĹâųǰڵĶڣһ˫ĿƴԽ˿ռ䣬ҶСоΧĿռ䶼ˣж֮伫ΪƬضʩĪѹ
ҶСһƬȻʥֵʵһƬռˣҶСұ֤ԷҪɱֱһֻϻ򵥡
ĳŭһһ˹ûзκεǿռ𶯣һεĿֲ˹ҶСеһϢǻѹȵĺˡ
áվŮֹ۲ŶҶСĴ˵֣һʧԭأҶСǸλó˹ȥ
ʱ䡢覵Ҳ΢΢һ䣬һģǵ»۳ɵͱĵ˺һ»γɵĵзĳϡ
׼ٴιһҶСĳεת赲񷢳
ʱĳһƵĹѾҶСǰ
ֲ̫㿪һҶСڷˣѪܱ˳ɫСߣ̵Ŀռ䡣
е̫죬嶼ѪϳѪۣĳƷγѪۡ
ҶСһȫۼȭͷϣһȭΧռ䶼𣬿ռͬһ飬һѾþеоǰĿռ仯Ϊһֻ˹
֪㲻ȥһ̺˻صҶСһҧһ˿΢ľռ䣬ƶʮףһк峹׵ĶˣڵݽߣͥڵҲǰ޹⣬һƬɫһӡ
䡣ҶСƶʮף廹Ǳǵˣݺݵ׷˳ȥѪҺǱеУҪȻֱӶҷ𣬳Ƭ
ôܣȻܹƿռķսĳޱȣٴ¶һĨɫٴγ֣֪Ĵ㣬ͻȻǿ˼֣ǲʣ룬еɱ⽵˼֣ȻҶСղŶǿĹ㣬ΧĹҲһССܹܵ˵ģƶϣҶС粻Ҳˡ
Ҳã
ʱҶСźеȥŮŷǧ涼һĻƱ˺һ㡣
С硭ŷǧһһг˵ġذŨŨУʧȥǣһ˺ѷεĸо˫ĿûɣΪڱ˰滨кԭѾﵽͨľ磬оҶСڵʧ
ʱŷǧҲһĵġһĽҲŷǧһջסˡ
ޣȥС硣濴ߵļޣϽ˵
ĻЩԥԣְҶСΣһΪͻˣ˲֪˵Ӧùȥȣǣܲȫˣһʱ䣬ԥ֪ôźá
ޣ㻹Ÿʲôȥʱٴδߴٵн֮ɫŨˡ
󣬼˾ģҶСǱߵķȥ׼ֻԶһɫӰסҶС磬˸䣬ʧˣãã޼ʵĺϳûҶСӰ
кڲѣղžͲӦԥҶС类˵˲Ӧ÷ɹȥֻ쾳磬


841 ֮
ŷǧ㶵Ŀһ޼ʵĺ棬ŷǧԴһƬң侲Ǹ侲ҶС絹ɳȥӰϢŵĸоĲ
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С㣬ԲûмʹȥҶһɫɷװļ޵ͷε˵
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ʱĵɫȫɢΧ׷Χڵĺһı㡣
ղſҶС类ĳϴˣһʥɵĪ˷ŭĸоԼҲ֪ǹɷŭԴԼ
֮衣ĳսͻȻ使һ֮ϣԲУһõӰƮ£Ӱȫ»۶ɵģӺòȫһ䡢߰ĮһСʥɡ
õӰƮǰͻȻ裬˵ĽᣬǶǰɫʥ࣬Ƭؼֻʣ趯Ӱ
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ʱͻȻ䣬ĳ˹ɫҰޱȣϢҲǶһѪ
赸һˣεĶΪ£㲻֪ʲôʱͻŵ
Ůˡĳϵһ䣬һʧˣƲǾŸ˶ˡ
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ĳˣͣһģɫЩ΢ףʵûлָʹ۷ʱ赸ڵҲЩݽߡ
գǵɾ»۳ɵӰΪһ׹⣬˽ȥڵָ˼֡
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ѾԼĳˣôҲûʲôá񵭵˵һ죬ʮɲõİɫâʮϷӿʮɰɫĹâȫڵޱȣֻתһܾͱΪ
ҽʮ˿зǵͺڸһ֣ȸһֻҪʹࡣ
̳ӵʱ䣬ʮ˾Ϊ˰׷ԲԵͷӣȫҲֻʣһ˿΢
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˿ҶСղű˵ķȻĿͶŮļˣ˿˵߸ȷǵļ壬Ǽڲ鴦ãһǵġ˵һʧûаףƺͿռΪһ塣
໥˿Ƶõ˽һ㣬һǿɬǱˣһõµΪ˼£ΪˣвʣѾ޷ˣǵõʱѾˣ˭ҲȲǡ
ޣղſ˭СˣȥɫָûлͷɿҶСղսƬ
ûпԷΪ̫ˡε˵ղֻһϹ⣬ͺһ˲䣬ҶСͬǵϹʧˡ
޵Ļ΢΢̾һŤͷŷǧֻŷǧüͷһ˼ӡ
Ѿָ˹İʧˣ֪޷侲һ뵽ҪҳҶС䣬ͱ侲ҪȻҲҶС磬Լķ侲
ǧû°ɣˣСһûµġ氲ο仰е㲻ţȻ书ǸղǵȴףҶСٶˡ
û¡ŷǧҡҡͷǻ۵Ĺâû˵СʲôѣղŽСߵǸӦûʲôɣ
˵ģȻЩĲ㣬֪ҶСĺܶܣ֪ҶС֪ˣһ뷽跨õǲġ
ֻҪ֮ˣûвǲȤģĵľһ㡣


842 ѰҾΰ취
ҶС类ĳһƴʱԶڻĵʮһʹߣ׷׸еһļ£ȫһ˲䣬ĪʧɣͬʱҶС类ķɵһĻͼԺС
ΤһҾƵһڣ½½ʮһǳֵˣϵıܹ죬ľѡ
Ĵڣ֮ʹġ֮ʹ߲̱ͩʮһʹһ𣬳Ĭţ໥˼⡣
þã֮ʹĿ˵ղŴҶӦøе˵ˣ˵ܲһ£Ӧô죿
ӦȥѰˣնɱǰ˵ļһ˵һɫзװģͦʵһˣʼ˸ŷŭ֮ɫŭ֮ʹߺ
ԣӦȥѰˡҲ׷׸͵
㣬˵Ǹô죿˵СġҲ֮ʹСá
ǲȥˣѵ˵ķԸǱĸʱںĸǶߣ˭ĸİȫοǲ֪ʹȥˣѵƾһ˵սԷķʵ
ΪǻǲҪҶĺã˵Ҳܸоõֹۣǿȥҵĸĸһ֪˭һ𣬷ʲôڸЩ顣ǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ʮһɥʧʮУȴõһǻۣǷǻһ㣬ʲôʱ侲ʱ
ҶСµʱ򣬲ʮһʹߣҶС緢ϵŮжһ£ĪĿֻͺ֪ҶСһ㣬ǷزҶСĵ绰룬Ǹ޷ͨһｹбĶԼıȥ飬ûеֻܸɵȽ
Ѿصɭׯ԰ڵŷǧԾһĵӣڵ鹻淳ĵˣҶСһҪ
ֻʣͷҲˣ׿ˣûе뿪׷ԲԵһȫȥˣһ߲ϵĿտǡ
ºͷĻ䣬Ϊ˼ĴУҪ峤֮λ棬Ϊֻ쵼壬ԻͣˣֻὫҲܹ⡣
ȻҲǸѾΪˣҪʱʱ̳̿ߣ飬Ͱ취֡
ͷ֪ԼˣɭĺԱʮ֮ǰϻׯ԰ҪȻᱻ塣
һƯһүڣе˲ͬҲͬ⣬ˣЩˣ˵Լû峤
ʱŦԼнһʫ黭ׯ԰Уһ¥ڣһɫȹվһϺɫǰִҶСϣ鿴ҶСڵ״һʯ֮ɫžĴϵҶС磬üë
㣬ôһԵ˿ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ʥǿһ֮»ܱסѾǲˣЩˣȫľҲ߰䡢϶ҺûһάȫҲ֪״̬ܹ೤ʱ䡣
㣬ܻ𣿡˿ʴͺˣⲻǳԷ
Բ㣬˵ˡ˿һС¶һ˿Ǹ˵
û¡ҡҡͷ¶һ˿΢΢ǣҲ֪ôźá
㣬ȻδΪʲôͲأʵڲǲǻнҩѵҩܾ˿ɻʵ
ڵ⣬ͲǳڵԶʱĹûа취ȥΪˣڵ߼ˣ޷ƿأֻĸ죬ҩڵľȫϣͲǰæȴ֪ɺ⡣
οܲջһˡʲôʱ򣬶һȻӣкܵģһ㶼ûб¶
㣬ɲҲУǸô죿ǵҪǿ˿ŵĵ˵
ѾӴе֪ҶСȹҪȻŲΪҶС罹أ
ȥҿûʲôķʱ䣬￴ʲô䶯㼰ʱ֪ͨҡ뿴˿˵
õģ㣬ģһչ˺ġҶ˿żᶨ˵ȻҲŴȥǣΪ˲ôģֻҪҶС״
ˣԼעһ㣬̵ҵ˵һһʧˣһɫĵ⡣
˵߾ߣôɴ࣬ô֮Ĺϵ򵥣УҸʳ˿ȻͶҶС翴


843 ɭļ̳
ڶ峿ʮҵʱɭкԱˣǶǸɭŵҪˣϵҲ֪һЩ֪ͷãĿ޷ǾǼ峤λá
ÿ˶һڴ֮ɫǶ뿴ͷ׼峤λô˭
ЩѾ뵽棬ЩȴΪϾǸŮӣ˼Ůӣô˳ȥһλɭˡ
ɭűĶ¥һ伫ΪĴãĺԱڣЩλǰձŵģܶ˶̸š
ԼȴһСʱʱ䣬Ҳʮһʱһ˳ͷӾϣʱ˺ܶ࣬Եòޱȣչӥظͷ߻һ𷢵ˣ桢޺ŷǧ
ּľۻǲ˽˵ģʾүӣŷǧҲμӣү붼ûʹӦʱŷǧûа飬ҶС䲻еޱȡ
үӵ˴һ˽һ벿ֵ˶ĿͶүӣڴЩֻһϷӣԤϵʲô鷢һ㣬һСֵ˽ĿǵĿǳ޺ͷŭЩ˶ɭЩȥ˵ˡ
Щ˵Ŀ⣬ޱ飬κεϲŭ֣үƵǰһλϣүȻүұߵڶλһλչӥߵһλİĽˣһİߵĵڶλģŷǧͼ˳λ
ÿ˵ǰ϶Լ͹Ǹ˾ְλҲΪ֮໥˽⡣
ͷ̧ͷǵ۾ɨһڳеˣѻȸ
ү޶࣬ǻȻڣû˸ҺүӶӡ
ĬƬ̣үӿˣôҹҪ˵飬ϵһЩǶ֪ˣһвصĺΪҵĹɵģҪ̫̰ģҲĽ֣ǼЩҲҵǸ
˵үӲΡΡվʮֳľһʱ򣬶ͷѾǺ飬֪Ѿ˺ֵز
˵ˣⲻĴһжɵģҪǼЩôҾһҪúóͷǼļҹ㡣һͷƵ˵ͷӵĶӣһĺϾܿУһĶӡ
ԣһóͷ
һҪᡣ
Ļ˺ܶ˵ͬһͷ˵
ʱүӵɫÿ׼˵ʲôʱվǺзȵľϹǸȻ󿪿ڵȷʵһɵģҲǱˣȻʲô˾ǴˣǵҸеǳϧпԸҵҵѾˣˣû˵ҲԼ֮˭ܹɱҡ
˵仰ʱȫɢһɿֲƽ٣е˶оһѹ֣ĿǾ֮ɫϵҲֻһš
һԼķʽͷԼģǼһȥ˶ʮӵܣֻ˰ʮˣʮ˵һ죬һҫŰɫâذ׳УֻӶɫ»۳ɵذ׺ݺݵĴ̽УȻ˳Ѫͽ˳Ѫ۲£ڵϷરવ
жһĵԼݡ
ûо쵽ʹһ㣬ûκεı飬üͷûһ£ӶذԼȥ
͡ûһ˵Ķһ¡
ʮеĹ⵶ʧѾһѪˣϴϸʣµ˶Ƥϡ
ɫ԰ޱȣһһ㣬ûκһ㣬ԼһԲ
ˣҲû˵ʲôϾԸղֳʵԼͷԼû˸˵ʲôƫƫˣЩŷ
Ӧ˰ɣͷӵ˵Ȼƽǣ˶֪үˣǴҴһ¡
ڸоôҪҪҪȥһ˿ڣүӹĵʵǳĵĹģεʧҲʶĳЩ飬÷ֵʱǷ֣̫ˡ
û£ллүүĹġƽ˵һ䡣
˵ˣͷ΢΢˵ͷû˵ʲôʵ֪ģǸ˵ʵҲǸͲܹԿģȻ˵Լûд£Ǿûˡ
ͷ΢΢һ˵˵һµڶ£ʣµѾˣǣȻûѡһܹͳҵʧ󣬽ôҹҲΪ顣


844 ΪȨ
ͷ仰˶һһӣЩղŻһȻ֮ɫһҪΪԼҲȫû˷ŭ֮ɫǶһڴ
⼸ҰѼҵҲֵһЩЩҵķչܿǵĸȻׯ԰ƽһҶ⼸ȸ⣬һĹ˾Ϊķչ
ûУһûУճ˹ĶǣֺйƵꡢ߶򡢺Щѹ죬һǧɣҷȨʱȻ˰ٷ֮壬˵˵ô˾ģͷһŭӡ
ֹͣ˵ڵĴֱߵչӥһâзͷӵڣʱͷӵſ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˳ˡ
ôɭȨߣǶ룬ҵĶӻҵڿʼȨ棬еҶύҰרŸǵļĴʦִʦ˹ͬʱǼһҵȨ飬ֻҪǩ֣еһжڼЧûͷʵ
˾þòͷŤͷ˵ʦǷļȡ档
ǣ峤ֹ˵Ȼ󽫴ļóһϷǰ
үүһЩΪ֮ɫʱеˣһıֻҪߣȨߣоЩΪ
ôѵԸ⣿ѵ뿴ǼļҲЩ˰ܹ⣿ӣͷһ˵
ǣҡ
ȻǣǾǩͷ˵
һΣʣЩϴԿһ涼дתõĶҵԥһ£׼ǩ
šʱһȴһվǲ֮ɫ
ϣ£㻹ʲôҪ˵ͷõʵϣͷӵĴӣҲĴ󲮣Ƣһλ
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֣Ҿ治ʺȨߣǼʷϴûгֹ֪һŮӵǼȨߣɡϣȰ˵
ʲôʹУЩФϹģ㣬˵治ʣѵͺʣֵµֹ˾һЧ治½ͷӱʵ
ҡҡҾǲͬΪƿߡͷӱƵʵڲ֪˵ʲôã˵ôһԲеĻ
˵ֱǴͷӵսȨ
Ȼ⻰ͷɫࡣ
ءͷӺݺݵһӣ㲻ͬ͹壬岻ҪּͶܵˡ
֣˵һЩҵ뷨ѡϣµĻҲ֪ںͷûʲôùӳԵġ
ˣ˵뷨ڵ㣬ûʸ񡣡ͷӵһϣ˵
ϣϻЩʵ
ڻ˷𣿡ͷɨһʵ
ϣµĺȻûٸҷˣڷԾ͵ҳ飬û˸ҳͷأ
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ǣүүһȻǩԼ֡
Ѿ˶֣е˶̾һвʣǣô
棬ӽԺͽˣ˲ϣ㲻Ҫ˼飬ôһаչ˾ƶͷͷ¶һ˿֮ɫ
˵ͷҲ֪Լүүܲȶ׶ŭҲûٸ˼ҵ뷨
ͷӿ˿һۣ˵ڸղϣǸŮӣܴ壬ֻ˾ڼ峤ΰɣҪڵһм롢ۻᡢ⽻飬µĹ˾ɣ
ĸףͷӵĻɫһ䣬üΪѿ峤ݱˣʵ峤ҲһܶѣʵȨѾȫˣȨû󣬷Ϊүһ仰еȨʧȥˡ
Ҳ÷ԣֻ˵õģ֡
ȻҶͬˣ¾ôˣЩˣǽԼĹ潻һ¡ͷ˵
չӥվͷȥûȥڵΪЩˡ
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˸û·Ͳһ㡣
һ£Ҫ˵ٴ˵һûᣬɫĿһɨҳһλ˵˵׵ˡ
Ȼվָ˵ȥҪ˵ȥ˵
ƾʲôҪȥҲҼҡ˸߸ߵԴ˵һӡ


845 ¥
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һϷӣ¶ֻ֮ɫ
һֺӣʹһɫ
ûпʲôֻ˵徹ȻƾշӴ򿪣ֱӷ˳ȥһ˶
һ־Ĳҽׯ԰˵һ˿Ŀ־壬Ҫ֪þʮףȥ϶ûˡ
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ڰˣǺܶ˶ҵĳ򲻵ѣҲǶֵģǣҲңҪȻһ˾ǣὲκε顣浭˵һ䣬гᣬȻΪ˷ֹ˵Ĳ̨ϷֻҪ
Ǹ˵һԼֵչ˾Լҵ濴һ˵
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ǸյĹ˾Ҳ䣬ÿҶпһΣµĹ˾ҵ½ߣԶеȨøʲôɫɨһ˵
鵱Ȼ˷ˣ㷴ԣ񲻾ڳԼû
˵һЩ׵ĻͽСͻ顣
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ߴΪȨʱŦԼжϷһܲĺϣĳһþϣؼĴϵؾ£սڡ
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û뵽ûں֮ʵﵽֵزҪȫںϵĻ֪Ҫﵽʲô硣ĳ
һ뵽ԼĶӱնɱˣȥҲһ⣬к죬ɢԼĺ⣬ʲô鶼ˡ
һҪȥ´ǣһ취ĳ˵
ʱһֻԱڲԶһϽضĳϣĳѾʥ豹棬һ˿ϢûзӺǸͨˣĳϿĳϷ֮ʣ鶯һԾĳ˹
ˣȻڣ쵽Ա˹ĳ¶һ˿ŭɫһССҰ޶ң뵽һĳԱֱӱȵľ˺ƬһѪꡣ
վ˻ΣĵӻҪ޸һʱ䣬û뵽ǸŮݣǧȥˣȻǲ˼顣
΢΢һֻԾգƽأɢһ㣬һʮɵٶϱ߷ɳ۶ȥ
Լ˰Сʱʱ䣬ĳͣվУ˫лµĹ켣ߴâããĺϣƲ죬һʵСһɰɫĹâţԵһһԲͨ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱǰ˵һ䣬⶯Ϊһ磬ĸͨ˽ȥɽȥʱǸͨպˣСҲʧããϣһ鵺죬ûгֹһ㡣
ĳϺáĳϴͨɽȥ󣬱һʯ̳ɵС·С·һֱͨµվţĳϣһɳȣŨŨ𾴡
һĹĳϸоǰδеУ˵ͷͬһ磬ʧԭأɭ̵ĴӪǰС


846 ڳϵķӦ
ƻָɵĳϸշ޴İ㳡ʱ߸۵ƾճǰ
ģôôصˣʲô£ѵа̵㣿мһ߿ĳϣĿЩصʵ
ĳϵΣ֪²񴫳Уıǧ꣬Ϊ˵ȴһ̵٣ĳˣһҲûлΪؼʥŮûд
ʥŮˣԤʾеļƻ׷ˣܹʵֻа̣Ƕ֯⣬벻ˡ
˵ȥ˵ĳϿɬһЦһ˿ĹâŴɳ۶ȥ
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仰ĽѩʶҶСܳˣֱˣ׼ȥѰҶС磬սԵȻĽѩȥ˵Լȥġ
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˷һ£ŷǧƶϣҶСǱ˾ˣȻ֪ԷĿĵʲôǿԱ֤ǴʱҶСӦûʲôΣա
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ҶСЩŮǶҶС絣ģҶС羡
ʱһ޴ĺϣΧľȺɽСһɽˮ֮أڴˣЩ˻ĹŴĽʮŷ޹ֽ
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ЩȺУһĵڣһɫȹĴüͷ鼮
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ﲻϵķе鼮鿴ʲô취ܹҶСƣҶС羡
̫ˣѰң˰ʱŲ鿴˰ܣǣΪܹٵҵ취һĶã˫ָһ鷭ţҲΪ˽ʡʱ䡣


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ȻѾԲͷӣҪͷӰʱ䳥ϡ
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ʱУҶСʮһʹߣÿʱ䣬ڵ߾ͻԵ޹ʵһ֣ʼôһ£󣬾ƶϲǿ˵ҶСԶȡһ֡
ʹҶС֮кϵڵ߾ǳͬԴܹӦԷ
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Ȼڻ֪취
ʮʱ䣬Ѱ˶֪ж飬ûҵԼҪĶеĶѾĥˣʣ˾ʱ׼һŽʱһŽɫıƬ
Щ棬ⱾôнɫֽƬŵһ̫ľ鼮ʲô飬һǰݣܿҪ̫֮ҲıԴԼıԴ֮
󣬾Ȼз֮£滹и˵ͼȻЩͼȽϼףҲδӴµĴһĪҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊ˸ҶСѰ֮ƵķģҲûϸٿⱾоȻһŽɫıƬ
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ŽɫıƬ֪ʲôƲƳɵģʵؼΪƳУȴнչԣԡ
һǼܸ٣̫֮ʼδҲ
Ҳ˵̫֮Դʼû̬Ľ׶Σ绹Ҫ硣
м仰Ҫ˵ǣҲǰ棬֮ʱҲ̫֮ܲ
ǼйĿھ;ŸͼǾŸͼʱ԰׵¶һ˿ĺΡ
ŽɫıƤⱾҪĶĶǸƣ˿Ȿ̫ľƤܺһ϶ղŽɫıƬпܾǴеģֲû˷Ȿеܡ
ŽɫƬ˵ĶģôҶС
Ȼ̫֮һĳʼ׶Σ֮֮ȵԴͷôû̫֮߼ĻֻҪܹ̫֮ôҶСʲôĹôܹ޸ơ
뵽˽ɫıƬϸĿⱾ飬ϣ֮ɫ


848 ΰ취
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СʱʱѾûκεģˣؼѾҵһַԵʡ
룬֮߳أ֪ԼѾûǸ˼ȥҲ˷ʱ䡣
֮߳غûͣŦԼԼׯ԰ڱУɫ԰ףΪʮĲ߲ݣ˾ĹȣȻš
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ϸĲһıʹϼһڣҲһ֮ôΪ
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849 
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пܣԡڳϴһʱ䣬⻺ϵƣͣΪҶСԡдһСʱʱ䡣
ϴһ壬һʱˬ˶һЩȻûָǰĳ̶ȵҲˡ
һɫԡ±˳ȥвϵǸƵķһ뵽ҪзоԼ˫ȶڷ֪Ǻ£ǽţ
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㣬Ҷ˼մ¥ߵһ¥Ŀ˿žͶ̲˴ӳ˳
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Ťȥͷҿһۡ
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Ը˴һƶԸʹ࣬ΪҶСֻܹˣǿѹĵʹ࣬ҶСϣҶС촽ŽɫƬϵľͼתڵӿжɳͬʱоԼأһԪк
ʱĵĵȴţȴҶСķӦûзӦ˵ִ֮˷òɣ֮˵Ч
ӵʱ䣬һؽڣ֪ɹˣͼеķЩֿھŸղӿڵһȻӿ³ӵʱ䣬һӿ˽
һһ֮䣬оҶСڵʢʱҲԽԽ̡
Сʱʱ䣬ӿвҶСʹͨ
ʱ˵Ϸһɹâûܹ˵ɹâʲôɫģҲûܹ˵̬ޱȡ


850 
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ʱɵĹâļϺһ˿̫֮
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Ľѩһ˵ҶСһҶСôҶСѾˣȻҶСһ飬˵˵Ż
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ÿжȹȻش⣬ǣ飬بŲĵ
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ľȻľ飬ȻģǵܹеȻɣѾرá
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Ϊ˸ľ磬Ҫһ֣ģģģԼĴҲν˷أط죬취Ȼ
νȻطĴҵһ·ȻǸµǵʶԼطΪһء
һжҪŬȥȻ̸ףеˣҴǧҲ򲻳ʲôеֱΪһgҲû򣬿ɼ֮ѡ
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ҶС񹦣Ҫɺ쳾ʮУʵԼ
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Ҫ֪ΪһʱĳǰʲôؼҪڵıҶСҪľǺ
ǰҶСʧǿУʧΪĿУ׵Ľˣıʣ֪˸ʲôʲô֪Լĵ·
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ҶС˸մ֣ͿһϮɫȹһɫзŷǧмڲ¥ǰȴš
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ҪҪҰæҶС絭һЦ˵
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ҶС˵ͷչӥʵ֪ЩǰǲҪ⣬ûĶ֡
棬ȻѾˣҲӦûȥˣҪˡҶСͻȻ˵
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ӦòɣҲǾȹѣ˵ô˵ģΪʲôһͿ壬·ҲЩȻ˵òǡ
Ӧûдˣ붼ԼΪˣᵽ̫֮Ҫ֪ǻĵ̫ԤʾʼһУҽ໥ӦΪԳ棬̫֮ҲԴв˵ĻȻһŲ˵Ĺֹܹ̫֮Ҳ֪Ȼ̫֮ʼһôȻҪŮΪΪˡ
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ԭҶС̾һ˵¶һ˿ǣһ˿Ŀա
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ŷǧĻҶСĿһ԰ҷֿͲһˡ
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ԲǧҶСĽŷǧ˻У¶ΣһŮϴòҪŮˣܶŮܻἵʣģȥȻӰ˴˼ĸ顣
ҲĵģѾôˣҪҲ˵ŷǧЦĿҶС硣
ĶҲǰѡ
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үǸĵ꣬ƽҹȷʵһƱһ˾ˣֻǲ֪ôôȬ˵ܻţǣû뵽ȴĿЩҶСĿֲԿˣںϴսʱڳ
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ʮĵһ֣ȻͣеĵҲͣʱĿӶѾûѪģûһĵطţڼ޵ֹסѪ
𣿼˻ɱǸӡ濴˵װһǿӣʵͳŲסˣ³ջסˡ

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ҶСǺһЦȻĽѩ˿վ˵ϣֽĽѩ
һ߳˷䣬ӨϵЦݣĽѩ¶ĨΡ
ϽԷɶѾĶӹˡӨ΢΢һЦ˵
аɳϵֿɶһ죬˼ЦЦ
˼ǵôʱ䡣ĽѩǸһЦȻֿɶߣŮӺһԽá
û£ղûдǰɣӨһЦʵ
ûûСĽѩٴκɲĵҶСһۡ


871 һδ
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綼Ҫ֪ģ˵ҲûʲôҶСĽѩЦ˵
ĽѩҶСһۣû˵ʲôԷ
ʰ꣬Ůӿʼ˺ҵĹȳĽѩһҪȥҶСˣȻҪһЩˣӨҲһô˵ڵûб䣬ҶϱҶĸĸҪТ˳һµġ
ҶСҪȥģһ뵽ԼĸأͯûȥҪȥȥһʱķչ
ҶС˵ԼеҪʱĽѩж¶һĨ΢΢ʧһ뵽ҶС绹飬οϻʱ򣬻ֲܼҲˣġ
Ů˰СʱҶС߳ţʹӸ߸ߵ¥ͯļɳ۶ȥ
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ͯƽȺѩźһĸ첲סҶСĲӣۺ촽ҶС硣
֪мʮޱδŮˣеһ𣬷ޱȣҶС綼ܲסһĸоʻԡ
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ŮҪĶܼ򵥣ԼϲܹԼԼΪԼ롣
ҲĻôҶСЦЦʵ
һһֱȥͯᶨ˵
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һ󣬲ºƽǽڶͨ󷿼һƬࡣ
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ʱҵŴ򿪣ҶС˽ġ
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ʮûмǵΪͻˣٶȾҶС綼е㼵ʣ˶Ѿ۷ĸˣΪһʹĸǿֲѾĸˡ
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872 ô
һδ͵Ļ飬ֻҪҶСµ˼ˣÿ˵жǼ˷ܣΪԼܹе
ԭֻײС죬ѱֺУ۸Сجج֪·ںηҶСĳָıǣǴ쵽һڲͬĵ·г˸мʣ¸мˡ
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֪ͨ˶೤ʱ䣿ҶСʵ
ѾСʱˡºƹ˵
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٣Ǹղ·϶³ˡ˽һǸ˵Сܸ󣬿ȥǸϴ
ʱȨƣǹ֮Ũˣֱ۰һĴࡣ
𣿡ҶС絭˵ĵǲģʱѾҸĽѵʱôôˡ
⡭һϡ
ʱվ˫Ŀƴ̵ˣҶСûֹ嶯ˣ磬硣
顭һ˫ӲޱȵȭͷӶ˶ʱ˷䣬˼֣ˣʱ³һѪɫ԰ޱȣ˵϶ɥʧս
ϽҶС˵
ץס죬һһ㣬˽ҶСǰ
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ʵһ˶һʮַŭӣʱûдһˣʹ˶ţͲýһ㡣
һ¥ҶСȺĳԱˣ͸Сܣһɲ
ҲʮӲһȭûпһ
ǵڶμ˰ɣôÿμ涼ҪŪò죬֪ҰĴ󣬵ǣסûǰǹԹԵļβ˰ɣΪװĹϵͿˣͻϰλôڡ
ҪһˣҪ֮áҶС˵ͬʱųԼơ
٣ҶûжģҲұղЩϸûע⵽٣ҴˡϽ˵
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ĸ˿˵ͻжĸˣ˼У˲䶼ˣҲһϰ֮ˣղĶûп֪ԷѾʲôز
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޻ƹű˾ڱ˾˻϶ϵĸ֣ʵΪǿ˵һǱڱ˾ȫܹԸ㣬ÿҲпɹ۵
յ˾սԵİа£˾ٷչӯȻû˵
ڶڲݻһˣĿǰΪҪ˵ΪȻУѾˣǵ磬κһɳ˶ܽȫ
ҶСǷȱľʱ䣬һЩҪԴһĳɳԴޱҪģޱȵҩ


873 СڵĴ
ڷѾ˵еһˣ֮ĵѾڷĿ֮Уڵһڻ֮УҶС粢ûóºƽһչ
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Ǵɽףؽɽѣһǣ浽˶෽棬˵ĻʤǸϰҲù
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ŮֻҪǼÿľ򣬵òÿֻӵһߣĶ֮ûõġ
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ӨûϰߵģĽѩֿɶӰ£Ҳϰߡ
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ҶѾˣҳȥɣҶСװһ˵ȻĽѩߣӵ˻Уͬʱͷȥ
ڶʱҶСĽѩ𴲺ѾǾŵ˶ˣҶСķ䣬ֿɶӨĽѩǸ䣬ҶС罫ĽѩڵĲʧأͻȻ뵽Ǽ£˹ûбҶС֡
㻹ûг꣬ȻŮ㣬ߡĽѩϴسԵҶС˵
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ҪҸһ㣿ҶСϴЦ⿴Ľѩ˵
ҪҪĽѩҡԴֿɶӡ
ʱĽѩֻͻȻóһ¶һĨɻ󣬲ǽòʵ㣬ʲô飿
ʱڳԷҶСͣĵôĽѩ绰ԴҪƵѹԼ뿪˾ûټû뵽ȻĽѩ绰
ѵҵģҶСȷʵǸܣԼֻֻˣ˭Լͨ绰ֻҪߵˡ
绰ҶС֮ʣĽѩҶСһţһۣС죬һӡ
ִ̳ˣҶС翪Ц˵һ䣬ȻùĽѩĵ绰
ιң
С磬û°ɣ
û£绰ʲô£֪һʲôҪ飬û£һĽѩ绰ģ˲ͷѾһˣȻϺͺģǣ氵ػ档


874 ĸĲ
ѵûͲܸ绰𣿡˹аŨŨԹҶСʲôԲһ㡣
ĽѩĶ߸ߵ𣬲ź˵ʲôĵ绰ȽϴҲһߣͨǿܶ࣬ȻܹĻ
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ôأҶСεЦЦ˵
οˣȷʵҪ飬ǵϴðæ𣿡ʵ
ǵãôˣѵʲôʣҶСɻʵһΣҶСװΪѣͽܼ˰ŵĶĽѩҲ֪
ĽѩǸӲˣȻͺͷǣһʲô飬ǻæģҲһģ˵භ໥Էѡ
ԭˣǼһˣҷܾܾˣڿˣҾܾˣҪȻҺͳԭƵ˵
ҶСЩΪѣղſǴӦȥֵģڣȷʵЩΪĿͶĽѩ
ĽѩһȻҶСùֻ㣬˵СҪȥ֣ȷʵм£ҾͰǼСһ죬׼ôлأ
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ǺãҹС磬ݰݣԺġЦһ˵ȻҶ˵绰
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ߡĽѩһٴθҶСһ棬ŤͷӨֿɶ˵Ө㣬ɶߣһ
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Сĵ绰
ʲôСĵ绰Ͷ˵䡣Ǿϲ
ȱæҺͶ˵䡣
˵ɣ˵Ϊȸ˵˵绰ջõ绰
绰ͶҶСѯѯǸڻǮûУԵĺòõȵȡ
˵߶ܷܺҶС绹ĵţĻ͸¶ŨŨĹġ
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һɣ裬һһˡҶСǰ˴һкҪȻĽѩȥһС˵ǿɾдˡ
ð֪϶ǧģǼѾѷ޺ˣ㡣ֺǺǵ˵
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ߺһ£ǾͿʼ޽ˣڼļҾ߶ģ͵ˡ
ҶСһƣũþûбҪ޽ԺܶסʱȻҪĸӵ档
裬˵£ʵҲǴǧǧֻҵһѣδľĶϱҶС˵
ʲôǧŮѣɱƭ裬ڼʱǶ˯һ𣿸裬ǲǲҪ˼ˣˣѾ϶ŷǧڽˡ
ģˣһʱҲ˵ĽѩҵŮѡҶСε˵Լĸ׿ŷǧһȷʵ٣ǣѾû˰취ֻӺŪ
ǧǸŮôãȻ񣬶ǴҲܺã趼ܸܵõôͲ֪ϧأ˵飬ҾͲˣʱֻҪھˡ̾һ˵оǲ
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Ѿ϶ŷǧϱǽеĹĹһʱºѡ
ԸλؼҲҪʲô£ҶС
ԼһСʱʱ䣬һŲǽŲҶСǺ


875 ĸ
ŲҶСһץһεɢžͱ򿪣ֻǺ˽
ҶСĿȻһһɫ޶̰洩һɫĶȹǡý̵ͦסɫĽӺů㽫ֱ޳ȰĻԲˣµһ˫ɫĲСѥǷޡ
һΪԵҡԹ˵˽
ô䣬㾹Ȼ뵽ȣ̫˰ɣҶС緭һۡ
ֻûǸġҶСһ˵һתĽѩͦ˼ΪΪһû뵽ȴôһŹֵҪ󡣡
ûа취ҶСε˵
߰ɣٲȥǼλҪˡҶСĸ첲˵
Ҫ׼ʲôҶСɻʵ
˵Ҫ
ȥǲ̫˼ˡҶСѯʵ
ֱöã˶ᱻ賰һŵܲá͸¶˺ĸ׵ı
ҲȷһŵܲãȷûʲôõĳֵģһЩĹ档
ðɣҶС˵ͷվǼѾ˶ʮ˴ϣ·Ͱ͵ģǸ
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ŰȥסΪ˱ܿҶС˺Ļ
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ģһúñֵģҵƤˣ͸ҶС뿪Ц˵
ллС硣ЦһȻҶСϷٵһ£ݵˣȥɣ
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ôôҡҶС綢ɻʵ
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󣬺İҶСһۣȻŤͷҶС촽һ£˰ɣҪ°ˣиĽҪֻҪǸ
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Ҽҡ˵һȻ塣
һһŲŴ򿪣ȴһ㡢ƤЬĳԭûпҶСһۣϴŵ΢ЦԺ˵ˣѾѷ˵ˡ
ôˣ˭ģԭɫÿ
Сԭģһǵ飬ɣʱһ˹ҶС翴һʮҵŮȻ˵͸¶ѹƸ߸ϵŮĿϬȷʵǿޱȡ
òŮӾǺ裬û뵽Ȼôᣬȷʵá
ݺͺ߷ƣɫѣһʱеװ֣Ҳѹֺгûдʲô֮ţôһλҲ͹ˡ
Լĸ׵ĻһûԭҶСĸ첲˽ȥӺǣھԭʱҶС絭˳ԭһۣ¶һĨ΢Ц
ԭ΢΢һҶСǸ̵ӡһ˾Ȼֶſˣɵޱȣһ뵽ںͷģ¶һĨɫ


876 
̺áͺ粢߽ҶСЦݹĽһ
ƵĴҶСһۣ¶һ˿ĲмȻ󷵻˿Ŀ˺ɳϡ
Լĸ̬ȣɫúѿⲻǳĴ𣿲ԼĸףҲûа취΢΢̾ҶСһǸȻҶС˽ȥƶɳϡ
裬ҴСˡϴЦ˵
ҶС硣ɳĿϣĿҶСʵһӸµӣҪҶСɾ޴ѹȡ
ҶСһƵӣûκεĲʣһЦشǣ֪ǽʲô飿
ʲôʱʼģƲûлشҶС⣬ѯʵҪȨһ磬ϣУһŮǿ˵Ըֵ쾡¡
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һʱˡҶСʵĻش
ɣϡʱƽһӡҶСǰĲ輸ϡ
ҶС˿ⶼԼϸϣСѧڵǽĽѩʫֿɶͯȵȵĹϵеװףһһǸطЩʲôһ
ҶС罫Ϸϣƻû˵ʱȿ˵̣Ҳҿʲô˼ѵ˵Ƚǿ󣬿κ飿
װͿˣʲô˼Ȳ˵ļͥ͵˵ĸ⣬һͿܸҸ𣿡ƽؿҶСʵ
Ҹǿ˵ģǿĸܣúһҸ𣿡ҶСϴ΢ЦŤͷźʵ
Ҹ˵ͷ
Ƶɫÿǵһαһռ˱ˡ
ȱЩˣȰ緹˵ʱһϵΧȹ˳жӲˣ˲輸ϡ
ҶС磬֪㣬еӢεĿֲ¼ƽˣǺηҿ㡣˷ǳƵ˵
ЦˡҶС΢΢һЦ˵
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ȳԷﻹмˣȥˡгЦЦ˵
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ûʣԼֻݸҶС磬Щ죬ҶСӹָֻٵİ˼£ȻͽֻװԼĿڴ
ߵҶСһºļǼҷǳжٸƽף滹һ¶Ӿأޱȡ
ҶСͳԭÿ˶Ӳ˳˳輸ϣרųԷĵطģǣղźгǽ˷˲輸ϣΪɳϵԵʡ
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ƺͺгһ𣬳ԭһһɳϣҶСͺһ𣬿ƺܰӣʵϣÿ˵˼ǧתת
ȳԷȳ극ʲô˵гǺһЦεա
Щ黹Ҫ˵һ˵ģҪȻⷹԵĲ̤ʵƳһڲˣȻ󵭵˵
ơгһ£ʾȳԷʲô飬Ժ˵
ƺûо쵽һ㣬˿ҶС˵ҲΪܹҸȣĸ鸴ӣŮӵľ̫ˣרһҪһλһһΪˣΣڵݡ䣬ڻǸѧѧڰ֪٣仹ССˣѵҪȥ껹ʮꣿഺһŮ˵жҪӦ֪ģҲ뿴Ϊȴʮ꣬˥Ϻ֮Ҫ𣿡
ò˵۵ץסҶС֣һ䶼˵ʵȫûа졣
ҳ˵ЩʵȻ飬һΪҵȻܴ󣬵䲻⣬ģα䣬ҶҲЩǳŮҪĲòе˾òЫĳеӶ֮ͣҾϣֱеʲô䲻ϵģҶС絭˵ղƵһͱҶСôɵػˡ
ϲãҶСһЩˣгҲһЦ⣬ĵ˵ͷټҶСˣηǿȨںʲôݣڳԭͲãϾǹٳеˣǺһ׵ģܳԭÿһǺзȵӣһ۾Ϳ٣иͲͬԭԼŮҲֹ


877 
ֱеЦ˵仰㶼ͷЦһһӣ˵һЩйϸ仰ҷ𣿡
ƽضҶС硣
Ҹҷϣ̣˵йϸͲˣһѧʲôϸ𣬷ձѣõˣЩֻʶǵеһЩ˶ѣ͸ҿôһñӡҶС˿ð֣˶ټ˵֪ԸҲҲܹôҡ
ҶСһ˵ֱ׳Ĳ֮
ֻҪϾУЩ˶ԴӵˣЩ˵ѣѵǻҿɲҵŮعѡ˵
ôعأȻֵôϲȵҲ޷Ժ޸Ҳ١ҶСƳһ۳ԭ˵Ȼķ
ԭһ࣬û뵽ҶС羹Ȼ˵Ļڷݣ仰˵ģһڿֻܹˣ㶼ܶԸˣҾͲܹԸЩ֣һ˿⡣
ƺͺгû뵽ҶС˵Ļһ
ʱҶСšһ£ȻĵһۣʾеĲ
ô˵ǵǲͬģԭҪзȣҪмҲͦõģɲŮòһԣúʣ㣬ʲô߳ȥ˼һΪũ񹤣һʳģǽһ㣬ͱˣθڡƳĿҶСһۣȻصĽ˲輸ϡ
⼸仰̫ˣһ˸ܲˡ
裬ôܹ˵Сأ㻹һҵܲãôҲôǳ˱ҶС磬ˣһǷŭ֮ɫ˵Ǳ֮ɫ
ҷǳ㾹ȻΪСô˵ңôΪΪԺҸƽ壬ָź˵
ΪңǺǣԼΪԸѵ֪Ѱ֣ҹܻᣬŮûʮҲʮҼ޸ˣνҸ֮ͬ⻹ΪǼ⣬ѵǼһҪǺҵˣҵˡίȫй˳ʱԼĸ׵߶İţѾ˼ޣҶС糹׵Ľеѹˡ
㡭㷴㣬ҲüޣҲüޡһվŭĿźʱҲͷϣŲԼûɡ
ƣ侲һ㣬úõһٷŪʲôӡʱг˵ɫҲܲÿгɢĿϬޱȣԶԶû˸ղŵºͣ²Ӱɣ
ƹԹԵؿԱĲᡣ
һԵĳԭһľȻӣʵͲóӣ϶кô
Ҳ˺ܹܶԼˣȻвԵĵطҲӦӶ˵гź˵ȻĿͶƣƣѵôһ㲻˼˵ķӲǺһũһڽıģͿᵽе뷨ˣҲСˣԼ뷨ˣ˵飬ԼˣǾͲҪˣСȻһ㣬Ǵηܲȳô˵ͿԿһֵиˡ
ЩҶ֪ǡˣҲˣԺѡˣҪҿߣȳ԰ɣˡҲ侲̾һ˵ʱȫûŮǿ˵ˣվ򷿼ȥ
̡ʱԭĽһ
㲻˵ˣһ͵ġ˵˾䣬Ȼ߽˷䡣
ߺ󣬺гϬĿ⿴ˣҶСӦԣԭֱӵͷҺͺгӣһ¾úг⡣
ҶСȻаǣο˵ѧϰɼ࣬Ψһ鷳ľǸ̫ˣսԵĹϵս̸ŮҶС磬˵ҶСεУԭȻãǲݰһҺӣǸ
˵ʵڵģ׼ͺǣѾͷϲҶС硣
ͻȻ䣬뵽һܣĿҶСϿ˿ȻͶ˺˼֣ԼŮǶҶСֻһĺøУ֮Ի˵ҶС¶Ǽװģ飬ϳݣӵĻҪµľĶ飬ҪĻ鷳ˡ
һ仰ʵĻش𡣡г˵
š˵ͷ
ϲС𣿡
ԥһȻĵ˵ͷȷʵϲС硣
仰г̾һǺʲôʲô
֪ѾŮ𣿾ռǸѾͷгź˵
֪һ£Ȼ˵ͷ
Ȼ֪㻹ϲ
ǿƲ˵ġɬһЦ˵Ȼ͵͵ؿҶСһۣ¶ΣҶС粢ûбʾʲô˲٣мֵʧ


878 ·
С磬ʲôогĿͶҶС硣
ҲһϲɣҶСʵĻشֲˣ񹦵ȻܴӺϸܵǹϲ֮ҲϲԸֱʵŮˣȻһֱѹţԼĸøӸӣһԭҲΪúԼ
㻹滨İ˵ǸŮܷԼŮܵ˺Ǽʶˡг˵ϲŭ
ҶСЩΣʱ˵ʲôˡ
ҸղѾ˵ˣ˵Ҳ棬ǣ˭ҲܹˣȻȹҲгбųĹâ
ģҲܵ˺ġҶС籣֤˵
ԭû˵ʲô֪ѾûϷˣһ㶼ð֪ģûд˵ĸ棬һĸΪ㡣
һ󣬳ԭȳˣѾǶˣû뵽ϣȴʧ飬гǿҵĺ⡣
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󣬺¶ĨΣҶСʵղ˵ϲҲģ
ţҲֵϲңҵҲ˽⣬кܶŮˣԡӦסҶС˵
סɬһЦȻϲҶС磬ȴһʱ֮ܲҶСӵڶŮ˵ʵֻܾ尾ţһ˾ͻߵҶСߡ
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·ܷӦÿˡʮӺ󣬺ͣĽ··ߡ
ţ³ˣʲô飬͸Ҵ绰ҶС˵Ȼ򿪳ţȥ
е绰𣿡ЦЦʵ
ҵֻˣԴѩġ
ѵͲĽѩԴף
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С磬ôŮ˵飬ĽѩĺãҪȻܵ˺ΪһŮ˸Ҹ棬ˣ·עⰲȫ˵һ䣬Ȼ󿪳ˡ
źԶȥĺɫҶС¶һ˿֮ɫ漴Цһ£ĽѩƢ֪ģʵڲ֪ôȥڡ
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Լӵʱ䣬Ѿ뿪˴½ãã˼ǰУʮӵʱ䣬Ѿ˴½ͻȻͣһƣ죬ͬΧĺˮγһˮ
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״ҶСҲʾһƳӥգ̤գһץһˮһɫᶶƬؼ䶼޾ĽӰ
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˵ڹ˼µĴ£㾹Ȼʥֵһ»ǲ򵥣Ҳйϵɣ࿴ҶС絭˵
ʲôϵĳע˵ģֻǵһؿͣûв뵽СҶСҡҡͷ˵㲻ֻΪ°ɣ


879 Ҹ
ȷʵЩ飬һεӣ鷳ˣǸ㣬ѰԹҲ֤ݡһӵĿҶС˵
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ˣû뵽ǾȻҽעߵϡҶС˫Ŀбų⣬̼ͻָм˵лл㡣
лҲȹҼΡ൭˵Ȼʵôϵˣ
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Ҳ֪ô£·ߣͻȻˣ˵Ǽʲôջò׵䡷˵ҵȡˣ˿ңĪҶСޱƵ˵
ջò׵䡷ȻⱾ飬д鷳ˣⱾ\ľ䣬жǴɱ֮ϻҪԻΪ˵ϱ䡶򴨼½Ǵӡջò׵䡷ڷѳģ˵ⱾҪҪ˽޻ͷϣΣˡ̾һ˵
ڸһĨڣ֪ʲô¡ҶСޱƵ˵Ρ
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лл㣬Ȼģûһζû뵽ĵôãǸǿˣϽɣΪȻȥʲôûг֣ߡҶСһȻ֮ɫ˵
û˵ʲôǸӵխ˾
ע㣬ץסѱһ˶ʮˣһҵˣǶῴڵֵһֻ۱һֻ۵ģȻЩߣԻ֣һˣǿɲЩҶСһҸ档
١ҾȻͶôˣԸЩ˵ʱɳٵĿԸԼ˾Ȼɳô࣬ǳҶСޱȷŭ˵
ΪҶΪ֮ɵͰ˴һߣ⵱Ȼʲô⣬ȴƫƫڴУ˵Ǹʱըˣ㻹Χ˴ĹǴɡ΢΢һ̾˵
ҶСһĬȻ֪˵ʵ飬ҿûб¶ȥҪȻ»ҸӼɵΪͲ׵ҶСﵽʥһж˵û˸ƫƫΪεľ硣
Ҳ̫ģǸ㣬ҲδǼ£ٿԷֹЩˡ
ллҶСٴ˵
лܹľֻôˣԼҪע㣬һҪȻᱻ˻ɵġ൭˵˻ΪһӰʧˡ
վںϣҶС˼һ󣬾ǲҪȥĴӪãɡ
Լ˶ʮӵʱ䣬ҶС綯ˣ½طɱ
صƽСʱѾˣŮӻûлҶСɳϣϰԵóֻŷԼźֻûй黹ֻϻһţǣӥġ
ղŴӺֻȻӥһţһԶţܾܲסԶŵİѱҶСΪںƽʱãû뵽ûá
˿ţҶС絭һЦĵĸ˾вɾĵطɾˡ
еֻ룬׼ڹ黹˼ǵĿˣ϶кܶҪ飬ӵ绰ҳ˺칫ҵĵ绰Ȼ˹ȥ
ҪֻҪҶСЦЦʵ
һһΪԼֻղſҵĺ룬ΪˣֻŰɣҪػϵʱá˵
ðɣҶС˵ͷһҶ˵绰


880 ؼǰϦ
绰ҶСߵлвˣȻʱԼûǶӨǵųԡ
ʱԣ׼һӷˡ
˺ҶСĽѩ绰ѯʲôʱܹĽѩ˵Ѿһظϡ
ԼʱŮڻˣǴŴСջСҶСķѾˣ˰˸ˣЩҳȡ
ˡһС˲輸ϣȻһƨɳϣĽѩһ˵һ䡣
ǶʲôǴСģҶСЦʵȻ˹ȥ׼
ʱĽѩһվ˲輸ǰ棬¶ĨΣҶС
ÿˡĽѩĶҶС˵һ䣬һתϴһ°ɣѾѷˡ
ģǶˡĽѩһԼƽС˵
òǴϵûгԷɣҶС翴˵
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ЩˣһγԵر࣬ĸ˰˵ˣȫĸɸɾҶС粢ûгԶ٣ܳˣ˶Ůˡ
ǲŷԼԵĺñеǣθķӦݸҪһЩʱ䣬ƽԷ˳ɾˣٶĻθͻǡ
С磬һȥ𣿡ĽѩҶСеŵ˵
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ҶСĻֿɶһ˿ȻʵҲҶСȥʲôȥҶСأĸ׿϶ͬġ
ɶҪҪӨһȥӨֿɶ״Ц˵
ֿɶ۾һ˲ȴȻҡҡСԴ˵ˣ϶ȥġ
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С磬ɶڲڣһŮӵ˽ǳ̷Ӣ
ҶСϽţһëµĳ̷Ӣվ⣬΢΢һЦ˵ǳ̰̰Ͻ䣬ɶ
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裬ôˣֿɶСʵʲôһ㡣
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裬Ѿˣôᶪأֿɶ˵
Ѿͷǡ·Ӣ̾һͻȻӨȻɻʵλǣ
ӨСС˵㣬ллҶСôӨ΢΢һЦ˵
˵ллԶţ˭ûһѴСͦԵģкƤѧá̷ӢЦ˵
Өû뵽㿴ôᣬôģӨᣬ̷ӢΪⶼǰЧǸŮܲʮϵŮˡ
һϲʲôױƷ㿴ôΪұͲ󣬽첻ŶʮճͷСǴ˼ꡣӨЦŽ͵
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󣬳̷ӢͼһȻȥˣȻߵʱֿɶ
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ӨĽѩ˵ҶСҲ˵ŴһЩ顣
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˳򣬵Ľѩʱ۾ˣ˹ȥѩ㣬û뵽ˡ
ҶռĽѩߣĸ׺Ľѩ˿ϴѾ˵Ľѩһ£˵ĽѩΣĽѩĸκͰȵȣҲֻЦûţϾСӶдţϰߡ
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գʸ磿ǰˡʱҶС˵װ˵ӡ
֪粻ġҶСգգ۾
ѩǿˣԼˣȻҪѩˡ
ҶոˣһĽѩЦ˵գνʲô
˵ĽѩߵҶСĴǰ˴ӣȡһֽݸա
Ȼóֽɫĺӣߵǰ̣Ǹǵ
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û£һ⡣ĽѩЦ˵
һĻŷǧŷǧʱҲǶܸˣСߵŮӾȻôƯô¡
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886 ĸ
⣬ѩ׷סԣضǱģǷݱʼղܶһ顢ӵġ
һҶĿ˼򵥵Ĳȣ͵Ĳ輸˷ɫζ˵ʳһûгԷҶС硢ĽѩӨ
ѾԹˣΪܹԾ㣬Ҳ˿ӣǶǳڣҪҶС˳ԡ
壬ķóԣСĺóԶˡһڷˣĽѩ͹ɵĿ佱һ䣬ȻҲ˵ʵҶĿȷʵҶСպúܶࡣ
ĽѩɲҪ佱壬ٿ佱ԼʲôˡһۣоƮƮȻҶĿһۡ
˵ЦˣôأĽѩЦ˵һ䡣
ССĲ輸ϣһɫζȫķˣҲһŨŨ顣
ҶСʰ䣬ڸС¥еǣ˵˶ûеطס
뽫ҶСĽѩŵһ䣬Ǵ⣬˵Ĺϵ֪չʲôزôһ˵˹ϵΡ
һжʰúһһţⶼΧĽѩֱĽѩ˱
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С磬ȥȥЩ飬Ҫ˵ġźӨĽѩҶСķ˵
ҶСķŻûйأҶҲĽѩסһ
õġҶС˵ͷȻ¥֪ԼĸҪŷǧˣϴδ绰ʱ򣬵绰㣬ҲûʣڶӻˣȻҪ
ߵҶĿɳϳ̣ûиҶСɫڻŷǧ
֡ҶСһȻɳϡ
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Ŀʲôú˵㲻ԶӴУĽѩأɷܲԣ˵
ݺݽѵһҶС磬ŵĻҶĿһѹеĲ죬ʵ˵˵⾿ô£ǧôõĹô˼ң
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Ůѣ˼һŮӻɽ˵ʲôΡҶĿ˵
ǧȷʵΪΣΪɽ飬ķҽҲ̽óֹºҸһλѴ绰λǧ鿴һ£ҶС͵
ҶĿɻʵе㲻ţҶС˵аۣɲš

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ô£С磬Ϊˣ˵ܸ⡣
ĻҶĿ۾ɵϴ󣬺޲ýҶС籩һ٣ӣȻ۾˵Ϲ˵ѵʱĲ㶼ƭҡ
ģҺѩŮѣǧͨѣҹɽѰҴˣϡͿͷ飬ԺǧϲңҲϲҵŮʼնѩҶС˵
˼˵ϲŮӣҶĿһڣҶСʵ
ǸԸרһˣ涼һ˵ı׼ˣҲԼı׼ڶϣû뵽ӾȻǸĴܲ
ʲô취ܲܲ˼ŮӸ˰ɣҶСε˵
ҶĿ룬ȷʵѰ죬ΪѰһԼӵŮѣһȴӷֹϵҲ֪ô졣
С磬׼ô죿ǧĽѩǺùǹŴһȢˣڡ̾һҲ֪ô졣
׼ô£ҶĿʵ
һһҶСε˵
һ˰춼ûֻܹţҶС˯֮ǰҶĿҶС粻Ҫ˺κˡ
ҶСͷӦҲ֪˺κˣľһȢˣֻĽѩ˼빤ûá
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ҶС絽ʱӨˣڳиæ
С磬һȥһЩõĶһ˴Ǳ̫ˣһꡣ˵
õģ裬ǸүүǱ߲ʲôɣҶСʵȻҲӨһֺ꣬¸Ө鷳
ʲôԼĶϱģ컹£ǹһô˵
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ҪʮӵʱĽѩҶղ¥ĽѩЩ΢죬еһҶСô٣ҶСĸĸ᲻ʲô
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ڴҲûʲô¿ɸɣ˯ܸʲôЦ˵
̣Ҳ㡣ĽѩҲߵ˳æȻǴС㣬סӨһʱѧ˺ܶеĶ
Ľѩ˵˲˵вˣȻٶȺгĲ˺롣
һĻЩ⣬ΪĽѩĸСͲҲûнû뵽Ľѩв˻һ֣воܿĽѩ붼
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ҲеģûӨеĺãеĿ졣
Ѿˣÿһ춼ġЦǺǵ˵
һҶҲ߽˳æ
û೤ʱ䣬ҶĿ˳ҲˣǴͷʹ˴̨ڴһʱԲ
ָ£ĽѩˣҶСԵģ˿ζȻ˵ѣѾˡ
ҶСĸȥӨСյģߵʱ򣬾ͰĶȫˣĶˣûĶˣڳʱûס䣬˼ҪĶ󣬾͸Ͻ˳
ҶСĽѩڴӨҶûиʱˣС鷳Ҷջ׼Өסˡ
һһΪĽѩһңֽʲôȵȣ;˺ܶˣ඼ġ
ʱش򹤵˻϶ˣҲһ˺ܶ࣬塣
ЩһҶСͿҶСôƯһŮӣŪĽѩ졣
Ǳʲôôôˣ֪˾ߵ˴ͷĽѩָͷʮ·ڴľ޴ʵ
ǳһʱ˳Բĵطڴ˳Է⣬кܶнġҶСЦŽ͵
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ҵˡĽѩҶСһۡ
ʹҲһֻɰСҶСЦЦ˵
һֻĽѩ˵
ǺǡҶСЦЦһĽѩǣߡ
ҶСĽѩƹĵطȥ֪Ѿߵɽµǰ
С磬Ǹôֲ𣿡ĽѩƵʵѾҶտǼ飬ġ
ţֻܹ˵꣬ɹҶС˵ͷ˵õˣŮӻгСԴĳΪǣȻֻĶԷ
Ͼֻǧ꣬꣬ʱ̫ˡ
С磬ǿɲɽȥĽѩɽһԾԾԵӡ
Ľѩ˷ܶЩ֮ɫı飬ҶС˵ͷͷ
ðɣɽҰޣ㲻£ҶСʵ
ڣҲ¡Ľѩգ۾˵
һΣҰޣҲˣԼôҲǺ۷ˡҶС˵
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ϴܹ֮ȥΪκžͷǵʯŤ˿ռ䣬ɭͶӳ˹Եʡ
ôˣҶСӵұôͣĽѩƵʵ
ûʲôǻȥɣһΣҲˣҸڹĶ·ҶСһЦĿĽѩ
ߡĽѩҶСһۣͲʲô˲ġ
˵꣬ĽѩҶСǰǰУӿήĻݣɽ
ʱĽѩܲƲסԼ壬ǳѧгСӣʱỬʱڴϵҶС綼һԺĵĿţʵֻۣǣӲĽѩĿһ㡣
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ĽѩʱʱҶСһ
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Ľѩһ
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ءĽѩĻ䣬Ľѩڱܵʱײһϡ
ǽһеһĻҶС˵һץֻӳС
߰ɣȥܳһ⡣ҶСЦ˵ֻӼȷִ󣬿϶ܹ⣬Сʱ򣬾ͳʹЩһɽץӵС͵ĶȻֻΧѡ
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ʲôԵģСʱ;ԣ涼ģ۸ɹˣһﶼܹʮǮҶС͵
ôɰӣѵ㲻òǻǰ˰ɣĽѩһ۽
ʲô̵ģѵ⣿
ֻ⡣Ľѩ˵
ѵͲò𣿡ҶС練һ䡣
˭Ƚϱ
ҶСЦãѵȽϱĶܹ𣿡ֻҲͦģ㿴ԼײϣˣѵǲӦó𣿻ƽҲѵ㲻ọ̀ҶС⡣
㲻׼ֻɰӡĽѩһ˫Ŀһ˵˵ҶС磬ŮרõֶΡ
úã˰ɣҶСε˵һѳһ϶ҶСһɣӵ˽ȥ
ϡҶСһ֣ʱָԭӡ
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ллС磬ֻҡĽѩҶС绳
߰ɣɽȥҶСӵĽѩС˵
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Ľѩ˵ͷһͬɽ·ɳ۶ȥٶȿ쵽˼㣬ֻԵľǷŵӰһ㣬ۻҡ
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ǸղɽһȦҶСЦŵܹҶ˵ղɽ飬ҪȻ󣬿϶Ĵ
磬㲻Ǹղźѩȥɽ˰ɣҶӵתҶС硣
ôأ
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׼ȥѵϵСǸҶСŻ
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ôأҶСԴ߰ɣȻȥ㿴ıӶʲô
ҶСҶձ÷ıӡ
磬䡣ҶսԼСַҶСĴУռĽѩСֵλãһַֻĽѩġ
һȥ


889 ֳ
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ϦԼֽǮһЩõʳﶼǻĵһϰףӣŮȥΪŮʼնǱ˼ҵˡ
صһ㶼ɽˮɽԶһɽϣȥɽӸ޷ͨУƽܹĦгȥǣһǡǴѩֻܹУȻȥǱɽϼ˺ܶࡣ
ǻˡҶС˽һЦݵ˵
ʱڷһŴӣϴ˵İ滹кɫᣬһŰײϸͿ
ϰޱȷʢĲȣ뵹ţͿ涼ʲôˡ
Ͻˮϴһ£һһԸ˵
ҶСϴһº󣬷ϵ붼Ѿȥˣʮ˶չ¶˳ũ˶нģʮԲҲԲԲ˼ԤʾһܹԲԲͺ
ѽˣҪˡһ˸ϣҶ˵Ͻ̨ӵӰƵ̨
ջͿ˵Ŀףʡ
ϦҹŴһҸĸоӿͷ
ôˣƺе㲻ˣĽѩ΢΢ʧӣҶСʵ
Ҳ֪үүǲҲһҹĽѩ˵
ԲѩίˣĻһ극ҴȥСʱܵҶС翴Ľѩ˵ĽѩܹԼļһͺϦǣԼļңȴʧȥ˺һž۵Ļᡣ
ģĽѩ۾һ
šҶСĵ˵ͷ
ˣ֪ȫ·Ļ϶ԻݽߣʱһˣΣˣҲһҵһң㲻ҪҡĽѩҶС˵
ͻȻ䣬ղ˵Ц˶ͣǽĿͶĽѩҶС磬ղĽѩһ仰ѹ˶ˡ
С磬ǲǲҪĽѩˣҶСʵĿֻҪӸҲҪĽѩͻݺݽѵҶСһ١
أˡҶС˵
ĽѩԺС۸㣬͸˵ǰúýѵ˵
šĽѩ˵ͷȻҶСͶһĿ⡣
ɺϴЩӡ֮ģӨĽѩ׼æȰ˵ɳϿ
ҶĿүڼסƬ̾˳ȥȥ齫˼Ҵ齫ȥˡ
ֻиĿܿһ㣬ſžû¡
ѩ㣬Ҳ齫ɣҶ
ҲᡣĽѩҡҡԴ˵
Ƕ᲻᣿
Ľѩ˵ͷӨҲ˵ͷѾͷûҶС᲻ᣬҶСҶС绹ҪϤŵŵܵ¥ϣһһ˿ˡ
ӨǫãҶС棬ҶСͲᡣ
ҶСֻúĽѩһƣ棬κҶС淨
淨ܼ򵥣ҪкҪкõļûа취ƵģǼҶСȴС
ǰΣҶС綼һԲ棬˺ҶСĽѩָĽѩϺ䡣
С鷳ؿ飬˵ҶСƫģҶСָҶСЦЦû˵ĽѩӨ˶ߣȻܺãֻС鷳ࡣ
ҶСһߵİֹͣ˿ˣС鷳Ҳ֪̻һ˳ȥ׼ţҶСҲ˳ȥ
žžžǻûзŵʱžıвõ̻
磬ЩڷˣҺѩ㡢̻ҶóһڸҶС硣
ҶС˹ȥߵԺм䣬ڷ˵طһ͵ȼˣžֽмɽ
һҲ̻̻ãȴܶݣһֻһɲǣͺǡ
ҲϢˣǶص˷䣬ҶСҲһġ
ڶҶСǱС鷳СʱǰҶС𴲣ҶС粻ͰҶСıӽҵˡ
ҶСһʱѾǰ˵ˣûбܻС鷳ֱӽ·ãȥϴһ£˾ͷõǱȥ
ϳԵǽӣȫһ춼ԷȥʱһϻȱˣҶСҶСʹ˴к
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ĳĽѩǵһμȫ˾ۼһһͬԷǵĴַǷƱΧ˶ȾˣĽѩʮˮȣƽҲǶʮҡ
ϣһ߳ŷһĽѩŻĽѩȻǺܶµĻشΧ̾ѡ
һΪֵĲǳԴǸָĻ󣬾ԱߵĿյϣ˶Լָľ
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ӨҺҲԶһȥˡ
û⣬ֺͺܹ³ˣ³ŵʱ򣬸ʽϿΣһʼϲҶСĽѩòǰء
ǳʱ򣬼ﻹݣĽѩ˴绰ĽѩսԱ˴ɱҪһֳ֣¶Ѿɱˡ
ϢĽѩ񣬸ϽҶС磬˶УڵʱҲ˽⣬漴иȥ
ӨҲһУǷˣ´˻ỳɣ׼ʮٻ
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ʱĽѩıѾ˾ߣε¼Ѿ˺ܳʱ䣬ûвΪ˷ֹһЩ˴ŰɣڱſڻţǶǼߣ飬ߵȻҪھĻϢ
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ӱϿǣҾһЩ⡣˵
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㻳ɲǵˣҶСʵ
ţȷʵȻԷװ硢ԶǵɣܾúܲԾΪʲôҪɱʹԵʣҲҴɱҪ֪ɲͨˣɱһǻĵŭ𣬵˻ûб̶ֳȣҾ˹ôΪ\ľˡ侲ķ
˭ģ֮һҪȫնɱģȻǸУҪ׼ҶС˵
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ǣֻ鱨ǲ֪ǰûиһնɱĸϿʣ¶ʮ˵
ʮʣʮĸˡ
նɱʮˣĿҶС˵
ţȥʱһֱңڰ·ȫնɱˡҶС˵Ȼƽȴɭ⡣
Щ޷ˡŭ˵
ûлɵĶ˵᲻Щݺģ
֪ҶСҡҡͷôҪѵȫˣԽԽܹʲô
УһʶģҲǵ٣оֻôӦܹ˿ġ˵
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л㻹ȹҼΣο岻ݴǵΡһ˵˶٣ĿͶҶС磬СһģܱץѱϴΪ鳳죬һŽץסľ壬Իȡеİƽһ˵ô㶼ǻˣôܹûһɱٵˣɱ١
ڲҲͦҵġҶС絭˵˾䡣
˵ĵط˽΢΢һ̾˵
ȻˣİȫɾͽˣǧҪܵκ˺
Ȼô˵ҵ׼ҶСЦЦ
׼ô죿ҶС˵


891 ˵
ɱװͿҪ˵ʲô֪趢ҶС˵
һһȰǰˡҶСͷ۵˵
ֿʼˣҿɸ㣬ܵ˺ҪȻҸûꡣ辯΢΢¶һ˿ļʣСӵôôãΧȻôŮӣп뽫ҶС籩һ٣ҶС粻ҪôģֻڵΪֵĻ͵Ǹ˼ɳûôɵ
ģҲ˺ġҶС籣֤
ãһҪˡ˵һ䣬Ӱһʧˡ
ι˸㣬㻹ɹһ˰ɣӱȽϱգ˵飬һȥҵġͻȻ䣬ҶС뵽ԼһֱϽ˵
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ߺҶС˳˼֮У˼£ǰɱսԵĵǲǼ޻ˡ
ʱһ֮أɫ۵һƤϣ໥ŶԷĿ⼫ΪɢƣȻֻڶԷҪȻ˵ƣ÷ڵһл
㲻ôûҵҲǡһ͵˵
߿ΪһССҶС磬Ѿ˲ʮˣôҪһ˻ȡеĺƽʲôһɫ˵
ѱҲһˣʲôʱѧ򵺹˵ͷˣĪʲôôɣ߿Ŀ˵
ƨôǵĺôҲΪİ룬ҶСˣӦýնɱˣ߹ѺһͰй㾹Ȼĺڣѷŭʵ
˾ǹⲿŵı߼˵ΪѾʥľ磬ѾҶС˵Ǹӡ
˵Ĺְͬһȼ˭Ҳ˭ΪһС¾ʱ䡣
һε˽뻪ģУǵ֪һȫ£֪µֱ࣬Ӽ㽫ҶСץ͸ˣҶСҲʲôöһֹܹľɸġ
ǣ߿ʼնͬ£ΪҶСǸӢۣζְǣûҶС֣սɱնɱЩɶĵˡ
˵ҶСͰй᣿֤йᣬôûжֵ֣Ļǻܻˣֻܻһ˾ɣ߿䳰ȷ˵˶ټ˵Ҫ˺һǵĶˣӢۣ˵ʲôģѵ㱻\ľˣ
߿˵עһ㣬˭ˣһһһס
㻹ˣҪȻôᴦά˶ǻ˶֣߿һ䡣
Ѿ˵ͽйϸˣҪά𣿡
֤ݣҲ֪ǷᣬֻҪܹó֤ŷңҾͬ⣬Ϊ֮ʲôϵ㵱Ȼôץס߿˵
֪ҶС㣬㿴˳ۣ㲻ܹȨı˽
ѵɫЩ΢΢Ļţ߿˵ʵҶСһ˿ĻɶѣǣҶСԴ̬ȣΪĲˬ
Ϊⲿŵӣߵﶼ˹ĶԴǣҶСȴʼնһӡ
նɱҶС磬ǣûһİգΪʼմҶСϸܵΣյϢûаյ顣
˭Ȩı˽ˣȫΪ롣˵仰Ѿȫղǰֱ׳ˡ
ˣڶҪˣʱ䶼Щϼһ롣ʱһɣ˹
һӣһӰͻأ˵ǰͺ۾һһͻȻһˣһͷɫɫۡ
ʦӰ˸ϽĽһ
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СһﻹܣȷʵͷƤϣǰҡҡһӡ
Ϊ¶˻ûһ涪ˣ֪֪ж˶ڿǵЦͷ۾һ˵
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ѣ˵˵ʲô
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߿¾ȫˣһҪãǸ⣬ȥͷ˵
ǣʦ˹˵˷ӦʱͷӲˣ֮ʧĻƤӡ
໥һۣ¶һ˿ɣһ˿Ц⣬漴뵽ʲôһŤͷ
ˣ߿ѶŸ߿˵һ䣬Ȼ˳ȥɢź
ʱԷ԰ҶС˿֪Լ˲һ
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飿ĪսԵΪĹϵŷǧ¶ɫ
ҶСŷǧһ
׳ʲô飿ŷǧҶС絣ĵʵ
һ֪ˡҶС绵һЦȻŷǧ߽ҡ
ŷǧĲô𱬣ڴҲûз񣬵ϵһֱִͳŮԣҶС粻
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һǺΣгһĨߣ˺϶ΪһʱҲΪһ壬ʱһУԷνͨȫĻܶԷ
ڷֽˣ΢΢һָƽ
ŷǧҶС֮ϣҶС
ȷʵƲĵ̫ˣǺ־ǿѾˣ˭֪ûеЩˣʱģа̵ˣ̵ģһԲ򵥣ԺҪСĵ㣬ҸоԺĵˣΪھӦóҪ˼Ǳߣ㲻Ҳԣñ˳֡ŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ
ߵ̫ˣȥ¶ȥĻ϶ĲȷʵѰ졣ҶС΢΢̾һ
ŷǧһĬȻ֪ҶС˵ĶʵҶСĹ̫ˣΪûбǰ˴˻ĸɵˣͲƣֱӾ͸նɱʱȻŻ͹ҽ档
Ҫҳм޻ֻȥһ˵֪һЩ飬һһֵѣûй磬ֻĸߵͣȥԺ\ľӣӣ㻹Ƕעһ㣬ƯŮ˲ҪţŮ˷ȷ黹졣ŷǧĿҶС˵
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һλʥĸֳˡ
˭ѹ޴ޱȣҶСȻ³֣ɫƽ
ܲĺһɣ䣬һɫ۵ͷͻأǰ
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ңãܺãҼ˶㡣ͷӿҶС˵ͬʱϵҶСϵѹҲȻʧ
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֪𣿸ղڲǰʥĸ׼ץ㣬Ȼ͸ˣһ徲ĳֵĻʲôĺͷһͰЦݵҶС磬мȤ
֪ԣǱܵĹң黹ûзӦֹ˰ɣҶСƽ˵
ܴȷʵֹˡͷеȤ֮ɫŨˡ


894 ֯
ллҶСм˵ʥԼʲô飬Էȹòлʲô飿ֻ˵ҵ°ɣ
ȷʵ飬ҵ֯Ը𣿡ͷЦһҶСʵ
ҶС˼ǰ붼ͻܾϾҪ뱻Լڳô飬ɲú롣
ܹ˹֯ҵ˲ٶԸϵѹͻܶ࣬ǣǺ¼˽ȥһ㣬ɶסˡ
ҶСڣͷ֪Ҫȴ˵Ҳ֪Ĳ¼ɣҲǲòôΪôߣҲκҲû˵Լֻں쳾УһĴʱ϶ѣ˭Ҳ𣬲˹֯һжõģܶʱݶܳΪ磬㷸ʲô£ֻҪݱ¶û˸Ϊ㣬һ̶ϿԱߵˣǣǵ˱ߵˣҲû˻˵ʲôô
ҼǣǲǾҪ뿪ѧУһ𣿡ҶСʵ
ȡԸһ񣬱ȥɣȻʲôرҪǲֵģÿһнͳͷɵĺþͻн෴ǳͷˣûУùҵ˲¼㣬㣬ǰأͷһЦĿҶС磬һ˫۾񣬺һֻϺꡣ
ҴӦ㣬ǲҵɡҶСε˵ȷʵȽ⣬ûд֧ţҵ˶ֵԵ߶Ƚϼɵ
õģڴӦˣͷ˷ôĿˮֵͦõģΪľҵġͷЦ˵
ƣǻػеһ½Աְλ൱ⲿŵһӣյȨĳЩʱ򣬲ԷʱҲȶԷߡͷйâһһˮһƯҶСǰУҲ󣬾ͺһƵķ֮һС滹һ
ҶСù˹ȥ˲ϡ
ˣԺϣʦУڿʼͿָйⲿŵˣһҪסǰΣҵ飬һ֣һ᳢ʱϿ̷ͷҸ
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ԥƬ̣ԼĸеᣬĽѩᣬίĿ
ҵıŮޣʲô˵ԡὫĽѩ˻аο˵
˺һĽѩֹͣ˿һ˫Ŀ׵ľǺңɰǶһ㣬ģܿɰ
˰ɣʲô¸˵⡣۰ĸĽѩԴ˵
ĽѩĿһԼĸףȻ󿪿ʵ裬ְֳϲ㣬ϲŮô
ʲô˵滹бŮˣһվüһŭ˵
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裬ģֻǴȷĽѩһ¿ɰС࣬˼˵
ԭѾͷ衣һʵȻĿĽѩˣʲô
ûʲôֻǴȷѡĽѩǿһЦ
ĻһȥȻԺ̸ְʲô㣬Ѿûңֻܹ뿪ңҾͻԭһΣӴ˺󣬲׼ڼǸŮˡ


895 Ľѩί
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ѩʲôԸ裬ϾǹˣԸ⡣ᵣĵĿĽѩʵ
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裬ҷСͱŮӹϵܣҲϲǸŮӡĽѩһοˣ޵üΪί޵һͿ
ʲôȻϲϱŮˣŮôƯôԣﲻˣǵġŭ˵⻰˵󣬽ƺ뵽ʲôѩ԰ɣϲ˱ŮˣôԸؼأҿС㻹ԭǸϲˣǲʲô᣿
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ûдۿͱŮ֣һŮ˷ֹϵ裬˵Ҹô죬ءĽѩ޵úġ
Ľѩǲ׼ҶСƽʫǼģҶСҶСͼ˵ĶԻһ˺ܶ࣬䵽˵͹ȣȻȻʲô鶼ûз
һߣĻȻܹе̸ΪҶСĸĸŲģû뵽ȴһĻ
ͱŮ֣һŮ˷˹ϵɻһɻ漴ʵС絽׺ŮӾһ𣿡
ԣҲ֪мĽѩίͣ׵۾Ứһί
Ҳ֪жٸǵĹϵ湻ҵġ΢΢һ̾˵ЩͷۣΪŮ˵ҶСֻϲ˱ˣڿûô򵥡
ŮĻʧܣԼѺͼŮӹϵ֪ĽѩϵɫίˣϽ˵úã費˵ˡ
ĿǰѾȷҶСŮ˷ϵʵ
ţȷˣ׶ġĽѩ˵ͷ˵
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ǲǻϲΪ룬Լٴʵ
Ľѩ룬˵ͷ
Ļȥ̸̸̸̸⣬ﻹ㣬Ҳ֪ˣЩŮˣԭһΣϾഺ٣˭ûйѾû㣬ദȥҲʹ࣬뿪ĺã˭ãվڹĽǶȷ⣬˵ʵڵģĻҶˣֻûһƲأ͸ұŮˣԺ󻹲֪ô̾һ˵ԼŮˣ۰֮ɫ
˵ұŮˣǱŮ˹
ڻ˵ûɵӣĴûסջ󣬾ҪԼĿֻ˵ĻҵŮὫĽѩ˻УСʱ
裬ҪСﻹôϲңǲŮˣǸô죿ĽѩĵĿԼĸʵղŽ˵ܺýǳͲ֪ôˣϾҶС绹ϲ۰ҶС˽⣬ܻܿ
ʲôѵԺǶȢ˲ˣڲʶҶСĴܲŭ˵
裬˵Ҹô죿Ľѩʵ
˼˰ɣҲܹĳܲģȻ飬ջҪ⣬֪ھСסеŭ˵
ԼŮҶС糹׵һϣԼŮԸԼΪ˽ˣθ飬ǿҶСֿпɸգһӶʹм尾˻ԼһЩ
Ľѩ˵ͷԹ޵ȵȸӵ
ôҪ̸һΣĻ˵û̸ǰװʲô鶼ûзġ˵
лл衣ĽѩǿһЦ˵ͷ
ﱼеҶСͲ֪£Ľѩʳȫ˵ֻʲôľ
ҶС籼е¥ʱ΢΢һ٣ʶչ鿴Ŷ
ԺгֳһάͼͺҶСȫλӽǿ˷ڵһС
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һϴܵԼķױ磬ʮӵʱ󣬶˳ʱϴһ˿˺ܶ࣬˿ϺĳһɫͷϵԺüīһ˫ĿлѪ˿ղѾ˺ܶ࣬ϵǹǷӶʧˣȻе㾫
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ֻһˣҲ֪õʲô˺ãҶСٵˣһ׼öûкúóԷĶһǶкôġ
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ʵҲûʲôǼȥףҲȥͼ˳һܣʱûлؼңֻһڷ䣬оòͳˡ᲻˼˵


897 ֵټ
㲻κ˵ͻȻ䣬ҶСһ˵һָֻ̣ǰ
ãҲ˵ԲܿˣҪܹͲίˡҶСһǸ˵ʱûиԼߵļŮӴ绰߷ţʧ
Ϊȣؼңһ˹µĴڷУǹʱžۡžıõ̻Ǵ̼˶Цӭ´أֻһˣû˹ģҲû۰оЩѹ֣ձҶСһʱӡ
ЩҶС綼ףô˵ᶼŮˣ´ʱֻͼԼֶߵŮˣʱβѣʱһ绰߷һţ¶ᶼӡ
ˣԼˡҶСŨŨĻ⣬ᰲο֣ҶСĴϡ
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һǶʱԵõһΣҲǳԵһΡ
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ʱֻˣҲ˵а˸棬֪ȥʲôطҶС粻üҪɱȫնɱҪȻֻնɱˣ˸˭ֻ֪ڻʲô캦顣
룬ҶСǱ¥ϢˮƽѾ¯ĵزЩ˸ûз֡


898 Χɱ
٣ҪҪ˶ҶС緵أ̱ͩʵ
ãһԻǰæҶС絭һЦȻ󲦳˷ĵ绰˷衣
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ǻ߾ȫǵģ㻹ߵ˶ע㡣˵һ䣬һʧˡ
ѵڼ飿ҶС˵һ䣬Ҳʧԭء


900 ̹
ѾǿҪʮˣȻƻͨҶСӴֱӽ룬ᲢûУɳ˯ˣţͺǸӣϻŵЦݣʲôΡ
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ѩԲҲãˣòáҶСֽĽѩӵ˻УŨŨǸ⣬һֻΪĽѩϵˮ
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˵ţĽѩ¶һ˿΢ЦǶ۵׷䣬ڣӨỨȻʹʧ
ѩеһжģҶĸҲģҳҶ飬һģǣҶоģΪԸ⸶ԼҶСż˵һļᶨ
ڻܹ𣿡ĽѩԳһЦҶСʵ
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ǺǣɣĽѩһЦʹЦεЦ
ѩԲĶԲ𡣡ҶС粻ϵĵǸ֮ɫ
Һͺʫ֮ȷʵйϵһ⣬ǵһʱûѧУҲĵ绰𣿡
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һΣ㣬һھưȾƣ˺Ҵһ䣬м׼ʫҽȫˣ˰׳գȻźʫ뿪ˣû뵽ʫ˴ҩһ׼ʫڵҩسȴû뵽ڵûлҩҩЧ߷˳½ҩ͸ҵڣǸʱѾ׵ʧˣʱ򣬴ѾɣѩԲ𡣡


901 Բ𣬲ܷ
ҶСĻĽѩĬһʵǴ⣬ѵǾûзֹϵ
ҶСû˵ܻشһش϶Ǵ̼Ľѩ
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ҶС罫ɽһзȫ˵һ飬ڱ˰Էķ֮£Ȼֻһ仰
˼˵ⶼĵˣҶСĻĽѩҶСʵ
ǵġҶС˵ͷ漴Ǹ˵Բѩ֪ҵĲԣҲЩ飬ǣֺܵ˺治֪ôźá
˵ЩҶ⣬ǣֻǺǷһιϵ𣿡Ľѩ˵Ȼ׼ƿҶС磬ҶСʵǱ̫ˣ˿˼κ󣬶ˣȻΪûöԵʣ˺ҶС硣
ҡҡҶСһʱ˵˻
ˣʫŷǧȲ˵ˣûٺʲô˵ĹϵС磬ϣ㲻ҪƭҡĽѩҶС˵Щš
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Ľѩû˵ֻƾ᲻ϵ˺һĽѩ˲ᣬҶС˵ã˵ģҪӽ󣬲ٺϵܺ˵һ仰֪˶г嶯ʱǸĻҸ㡣
˵һ仰ʱĽѩ¶һ˿΢΢ĺΣڴĿҶС硣
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ҡѩԲѾҵŮ˵ģʲôƽϣԸΪҸҲ˺ǣ⣬鶼ԡҶСһʹ֮ɫûĽѩҲܹŮˡ
ҶС粻Ը仰Ľѩôأ


902 
ҶС֪ԼԲĽѩⶼԼ̫飬̫໨ˣǣѾˣ޷ֲĽѩеʹ֪˽⣬ΪҲ
֪ղĽѩ˵ǷѾòˣֻҪԼŮˣͷʼǣܹأֱ⣬ǴӲƽʲôݣҲҶСǷŮˣԸҶС磬ΪҶС縶ҶСôأ
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Ľѩֻܾȥأ˺ĳ̶ȡ
ҶСĻٿҶСһʹ࣬оҶСα˲֧飬ʹ޷ʧį
ڿ˵ԼνİԼǿЦ
Ľѩˮӿƶߵӣеķŭ޷ƵӿߣߣҲ뿴㡭
ѩԲⶼҵĴ˵뿪
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鷳֮ҶС粦ŷǧĵ绰
С磬ʲô飿ŷǧʵ
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ȻοˣǸŮԸһĻԽ棬ܵ˾ԽʱֻкˣȷʵǰοʱʱԽǰοԽǷСŷǧǵķ
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ĽѩǰοվҪԼȥ⿪ԼĽᣬڲܹԭҶСĻģյֺڵĳͻʵ̫ˣһʱԽܡ
֪ҶСѾߵƽСſڣ΢΢һ̾˽ȥ
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ûκεı仯ֻǼѾʧڻŵ㡣
յĻЦڶǲõЦݣе飬ļ䡣
ֻȡĽѩԭˣκһŮ˵뿪˵һĪʹ


903 Ľѩ
תѾ³ţʽѧϿˣҶСԷ԰뿪ĽѩûϵҶС硣
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һڿǶĿΣľ״̬رãһӣȫûǸһ
ϿǰȵһƺĽѩûеһⶼûС
ڶὲεʱһƬֽ˹һ弫ΪԲǺʫ֣ôˣôܲˣǲĽѩʲô£
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ҵ绰ҶСʧ䣬ʱֿɶҶСһȥƻᣬҶСȥˣֿɶ⣬μѼѡĸҲڡ
⼸Ůӣ쿴ֵ޾ܴĵƻϣͣزŵգʱʱһЦҶСƱȾһ㣬еķꡢƵȸӵ˺ܶ࣬ϲԾ¶һ˿΢Ц
ʱͻȻ䣬ҶСֻӦ˵Ľѩֻ
ʾӵ绰Ƕȵġ
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С磬Ľѩˣ绰Ҳͨˡ绰дȽ
⻰ҶСһ˿õԤУ侲ʵôˣʲô飿
ҺĽѩڵƻϹ䣬һŲŵգͻȻ䣬ĽѩͲˣҺ£ʹ绰㡣ȵ˹
٣С㱻һ˴ˣǸղȥ׷û׷ϡڶȵĻ䣬һҶСԺС


904 Ѱ
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ȴԷϢĻǲ̫ˡҶС˵
ȷʵǺܱǳûİ취ˡŷǧҲһΣˣһñᰰæϸ麣Ǳߣܲܲ鿴ʲôϣ
ðɣҶС̾һ˵
侲һ㣬żĽѩһûµģǲҪĪеġջò׵䡷ҪĻ϶˺Ľѩŷǧ
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û˵׼绰˵
ţãĽѩҲЩĸһ˵ܰһæȾȥᰴ绰ݰݣˡ˵꣬ŷǧҵ˵绰


905 Ƕ
ҶСŷǧͨʱж۸ۿڣһľĵ̴ʽˡ
̴һֿУһŮӱһϣŮԴʹ˫Ŀպϣȣ˹ȥ
ʱֿ⣬Ů״һԲкüӣɺɫʿĵϣһֻ֪ʲôܹͨ
ͨ߶һ˵һߴĻ˼˵ѾǱ߽ӦˣڴǲѾˣܹɹĻͻܵķ
һ˵ѾˣǰȫˣߣĽѩ¶Ĺâվʿ˴֣Ůȥ
տҪߵŮǰʱŮͻȻ˫Ŀ˫ĿһǳɫâҫЩãһͻָ˹׵˹Ťͷ˿ܣ֪ԼˣŮĽѩ
ǵԼսһյͻȻǰһӰ˹ȥѾӣʱлҲѣǿǰ˵ǵˣЩ˿ǾǴɱ׵ˣһ£ûǰĵˣװʶǵӣ˵ʲôˣ
ҪҪĵĹƯ߿ЦѣߵĽѩǰǿĽѩǾɫȥ
ÿĳ֡ĽѩԴһŤ˶Է֡
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ĽѩĻüͷԥһշˣŮ˵󣬡ջò׵䡷ڼжôҪԷĳҪȡ⣬Ҫ¼ͬ⡣
˷ǳƵԭλãһ˼ΪĳһƣԲľ˲˷ĩڷйеĲ
ˣĽѩ֪ԼӮˣƾԼǻۣȡ˽ʤֵıԼһҶС᲻
СѾˣڴв
ҶСֲãìޱȡ
ʱ¥ϣҶСսԽ˵˺սԼΪԼıŮ°ˣ߲ѣֵеѰĽѩ
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ҶСԼŮģս˿ɣ˻Ķ⣬ԼŮܲҶСĻȫš
ʱΪĽѩ°ߵ飬кڰѰĽѩ䡣
֪Է׼ĺ֣ܳ°ߺֱȥ˸ۿڣȥ̴ʱϵ÷ǳ
սͨҶС˼һŸۿڷɳ۶ȥǵˣһӸۿڻȥģ˵ԽסԷֻѾˣһʱ䷢Ľѩ˵Ļۿڣ϶ܹ׷ϣǣ˵˼άԶΪǻ˭ֻõԷһʱ뿪עĽѩҪ


906 ȴ
۸ۿڣƻԻͣеĴ϶ϵĴ紵𣬺ζֹҡҷһܰ
ûмӵʱҶСͳʶչ鿴ΧһУǣʲôûз֣Щʧ
ܻȵġҶСһʧԭأһҴһ߲鿴ΧһΧ
Ҫ֮Ժ㣬ץÿÿ룬ӲܹΪҲҪڷܡ
ҶСһϣǶûв鿴ʲôѧУȥҹܶ˶û˯ж㱻׳죬ǶûҵĽѩӰ·ϣ˵ʲôûмиڶƺһӰҲ֪ǲĴ
ʧҶСֱȷԷǵˣĻһԷпѾ뿪ˡ
ĻҶСһϢҵ֮ʹߣһϢһʹߣԤʾŶһ֣ʮʹ߾ֻʣһ֮ʹߣһʮʹ߾ۼһศɣٶȻһ
ҶС׼ϵʱȥ³Ǳߣһʹߴ
صѧУʱ򣬽ûˣҶСλϲϵطŴʱ飬ϵŵ˭ݺԼ޻Լ˵˱ĵ伮Ӧñȫλãʵػǣȴˣ˵һ⣬Էʵǿ󣬻ӦҪȻô׾ٵĵõ伮һ޻ϡ
ţҶСеͷۣ黹治óģ˲ˣǧ˵ĶԣԷĿڴûеõջò׵䡷֮ǰǲĽѩôġ
ھĬĬصȴɣҶС
ҶСüģȻĿͶ˽棬ʱֵѧУĸ߷ڣʮһ߶ҲѧˣѧУ԰пˡ
ʱҶС翴˶˽üͷ壬һǵǣΪĽѩġ
С硭ĽѩҵûУߵλѹʵ
ûУģѩһûµģģǵĿҡҶС簲ο
㣿ɻĿҶС硣
šҶСֻǵ˵ͷûнʲô
ã㣬ǵѾ֪ˣʵѾ֪ͺʫ֮ĹϵܲѰֻһֱû˵Ľѩ㣬ǣл㣬뿪㣬ϣһҪĽѩȫһȿҶС˵
֪ҶС˵һ䡣
ҪϿˣˡ˵һ䣬Լλȥ
ʱѾߵʮ߷ˣӾҪϿˣҶС翴ʫһֹӣʵʫôˣ
ղ˵ĻҶˣԲҲãĽѩˣҪȻĽѩҲᱻ°ߡʫ˵
ҶСһͷۣԼԴһ£ղŶ˵˺ʫҲһߣȻҲͨǿܶ࣬»Ρ
˵ʫⲻĴӦ֪ҳ㻹ŮˣѩҾŮ̫ˣͲҪȥˣһᴦõģѩ°һ£ҵԭΪ˶ԸҶѩһὫѩȳˣŶҪȻһġҶС罫ʫ˵
ţ֪ˡʫ˵ͷ˵Ȼ顣
ҶСЦһ£֪ȻʫѾͷ϶飬ԸҶС˽⡣
ϣҶСֻ˺üΣսԴ˵ģŷǧģģΪ˵ĺҲ˵绰ҹΪĽѩи߲¶֪֪Ҳ
¿κҶСȸսԲһ绰Ľѩص˵ûҵŷǧҲ𰸣ûҵĽѩټⶼҶСļƻУֻеȴԷϢˡ
ĵ绰ǹĵĻҪƣЩжЩɬߵŮ˶ԼܺãֻԼȴҪͬԼǺܲƽԼԼǸ쵰ŮˣͺԼƲסԼһ㣬鷢źˡ
ҹѧҶС硢ʫͶһؼңҶС罫ʫ͵˷꣬ȻżУǸȥ֪ĿѾһж׼ˡ
֮ʹһʮ꣬һͷ鷢һ۾ݣͦ˹ĵģòһѧйԡ
ҶСþ鿴һļ䣬ȻСĲ鿴Ψֽɵӡ
ʹߵĴǺεȵҪȻҪأõԵļûκҶСͿʼ˸ڣ֮ʹӦӵеһС
ʱĸСʱԴкҶСֻ˶ʮѪɷʯڵȻ뿪ˣźʫķȥ
֪ںʫлĽᣬûбҪٶһʹࡣ


907 ʫĽ
ҶСӺʫĴȥʱڴϵĺʫûо쵽һ㣬ûлͷһۡ
ҶСվڴߣʫڴϣϹۣã
ʫһرԵˣĵΪ룬ҶС糿һͣǣԾΪĴ˼ά߽һҶС߳ҪȻƲ֡
ʫ㻹Ľѩ飿ҶСЬӺ·˺ʫıѣؽ˻С
ţС磬ҾΪĽѩ֪ǵ飬㳳˼ܣûıĽѩŻᱻץߵġʫˮ۾г˵Ǻ
룬Ѿ˵ˣǵĿңѩѾѩþãѵѩĸ׳£Щģѩϲ£Ե˵ĲֶΣǳ绹ǻ°ѩģҺŮ֮飬ǴʹǰѡҶСĵĸʫ͡
ģĲΪҵԭ򣿡ʫɻĿҶС硣
Ȼˣѵ㻹ңҶС練һ䡣
㡣ʫ˵ͷԴҶСĸ첲ϣ˫Ŀ
ʫȥҶС
һ󣬺ʫͻȻ˫ĿҶС˵С磬磬ĽѩҪӴ˺ҪͲҪˣֻҪܹͺֲ֪κŮ˷ͬһ˵ŮˣӦң𣿡
žҶСںʫһ£װһΪӣôܹ˵أҵĵһŮˣôὫ²أЩʲôֱͲöˣһᴦõġ
Բֻǲ뿴ǷֿʫǸ˵ͷһ֪˵ӡ
ģôֿأԺһһģ㣬е˶һңһκһˡҶСᶨ˵
㡣ʫ˵ͷ
Ͻ˯ɣϻҪϿأԡҶС縧һºʫ㷢˵
ʫ˵ͷԥһ£ҶСʵС磬ǡǲǣʧȥȤ
ôأԴ춼ЩʲôҶСһºʫԴ
ǡôˡ⻰˵ʫϸֳһΡ
⻰ҶС˺ʫ˵Ļʲô˼ǰֻҪ˯һŴϾͻŮ֮£ǣʱһҶСؾصģҲǱ˻УͺǶʧȥȤеܡ
ɵϣڿҪ߿ˣҲ뽫ڵ̫ۣң֮䲢һҪϵĵĽΪҪҪھ͸㣬οһΣȸ߿ҪٴҸٴΣҪãҸáҶСЦſźʫ˵
šʫߵĵ˵ͷ֪ԭˣһֱںɵþͻ룬ǲҶС粻Ҫˣ׼˵ȵȡ
ھҶСһͣҶСΪá
벻ҪҶСһЦĿźʫֻ밲ıźʫ˯һϣǣղźʫĻеСֵѾͦҶС֮
šʫ˵ͷϵĺѾӵ˲ӡ
ҶСһȻ˺ʫĺ촽ͬʱһִֻӺʫɵ˯˽ȥ˰ķͣȶĸоеΪǿңʫ˫ۣ촽һһݣ˾ô̼
һ䣬˱ֱ⣬ʫԼĸӰԴס
һ֮˱˯
ڶ죬𴲺ҶСӴ뿪Ӻһ·վȥʫǰ棬վƻϡ
ҶСվ沢ûеȶ೤ʱ䣬ʫ˹ŸҶС㡣
˵ȳʱһɫСγͣ˾˲ԶŴ򿪣ׯȵͯ˳
֣С磬ʫҴһ̡
ҶСźʫ˹ȥ˳ڡ
㣬ôô磬˯һᡣҶСʵ
ȥʦϰࡣͯЦŽ͵
ˣС磬ĽѩѾ˵ˣʲôҪҵĵطܸҴ绰ܶԷҪǮͯҶС˵
֪㣬лл㡣ҶСܸл˵ߵЩŮ˻ȲＵʲʣ͵˵Ľѩ£Ƿ׷ҶС취ҶСимѡ
ǽҪ˵лҪ˵ֻҿɾͲˡͯҶСһۡ
Ժ󲻻ˡҶСǸĿͯʾղĵĸлǽˡ
ʮӵʱͯҶСʫ͵ѧУſڡ
ټѩæһġ³ҶС˵
ŶټҪȻһͳˡͯ˵һ䣬뿪


908 ĽѩϢ
ҲŮ˰ɣ߽У԰󣬺ʫŤͷҶСʵ
ţô֪ģҶСɻʵͯԼŮ¿ֻĽѩŷǧ֪˸֪û뵽Ǳʫ˳
ϵζ㼸λϵζһʫҶС¶һĨЦ⡣
ܹ̽ˡҶСЦ˵һ䣬һ߽˽ҡ
ʱһһĹȥÿȥһ죬Ľѩйص˶ᵣһ죬սԷ򸾣ԴĽѩºǶû˯һþʹ˯һֻԶ
ȻҶСҲżޱȣżܹΣûĽѩϢʮյʱӨӼУִˣ֪ĽѩҲǽޱȣ춼ǳüչģҶСĶΰοź˺ܶࡣ
ΪĽѩ飬ʱжǷণ·ѲߵˣǸվϸ˺ܶࡣ
ȴ˽ʱ¶ʮŵ磬죬ҶСո𴲣һ绰ҶСֻϣ绰ûк룬дδ֪
绰ҶСһرĸоԷӦ°Ľѩˡ
Ȼ绰ֻͨоʹ˶ԷҶС𣿡
ԷòͨҲܱ׼
ǣҶСɻʵͬʱӿһ㡣
ҶС㵽Ӧ֪˭ˡԷ˵
һߴĽ̸ϣһһҶС絣ĲѵߣιС磬𣿡
ѩңôû۸㣿ҶСĵĸϽʵ
û£ǶһڵС磬Բ𣬸鷳ˡĽѩĻжǸ⡣
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ûи鷳Һ㣬ԲѩģһȥġҶСᶨ˵
㡭ͻȻ䣬ûĽѩ
ѩѩҶСе
ҶСģСû£Ӧ֪ʲô˰ɣֻд˶Է
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ҺǺľ֮϶ʲôᣬǰһʱ䣬һֱûǵһ£ô͵ȡǼĶأҶСʵ
֪Ҷһʱ˵ҶСʧʮ죬û֪ȥʲôһǹ˰ɣȻ͵Ǽġջò׵䡷ͲҪڽƱˣҪС㰲ȫĻɣһģ˵أҶСԷͲҶС磬һҧҶС͵ǼϱǸˣҶС缫Ϊơ
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ãʱҶСĵʮ֮һҪҪȻС֮Ͳˡ
ҪǸҶѩһ£ҷһὫǺľȫնɱҶС˵
вûãʮʱ䣬ֻʮ죬Լá
ҶСһԼ侲һ£˵ҵԺôϵǡ
һҾˮ¥ȥϰ壬ˣӭҶСܹǰټԷ˵Ҷ˵绰
ʮ죿ֻʮʱ𣿡ҶС
ҶСγսԵĵ绰սԣԼŮû£սһ
׼ʲôʱȥսʵ
ڻûãҪȥǺ죬һǰȥ̽һ\ľ塣
ʲôʱȥʱ˵һҸһ
á
̵˵꣬ҶСҵ˵绰Ȼ󲦳ĵ绰ٲ鿴ĽѩˣĽѩѾڵˣҪȥһˡ
ҸһȥҶС˵Ҫȥ˵
ȥʲôҶСʵ
ǰŵ˵ȥĻôһɣһ֮Ǽȥһǵľ飬ǣû뵽С㾹ȻǴˣǵжȥһ㡣൭˵
ʲô񣿡ҶСʵ
֪ǳǰŻ֪ͨǡ˵
ðɣһȥʱ֪ͨ㡣ҶС˵
ãˡɴĺܣֱӹҵ˵绰
ҶСᰡǶ˵绰ٶˣ˵Լȥһ¡
˵ҶСŷ᰼ﱼȥǵϴ뿪᰼ŷǧ˵ȥʱȥһˣʼնǵá


909 ǰķ
ûö೤ʱҶС͵˷᰼󣬸ŵǷᰣҶСֺĸоΪÿһʱ򣬷ᰶټ㽫ﵱŷǧļҡ
ôô⣿ҶСЩȺ⣬᰿һҶС磬Ȼ˽ȥ
Ϊڹ֣û뵽쾹ȻܹڼҶСǺһЦֹţߵ˿˷ߣŷǧڷһߣŵԣ֪ڲдЩʲô
⼸ûʲôӣ˺ܶ࣬ҪҰæһܶϢü졣ᰵҶСһۡ
ϢϢǱȽϺãҪۻˡҶС罫첲˷ᰵļϣӺ
˭ϢһʱİһһԴ֮оͲϷÿһйϵˡᰶҶС˵ûзҶС罫첲ϡ
Ҳܹңô鷢ϣҾԼù͸ˣңЩûйϵϬҶС˵
˵ûйϵѵҪһһоٳѰЩ֤ݶи̣ǰǲ˽⣬㡭ԺҲˣ߲ɱ˲ѪᰰҶСһۡ
ΪһﷸôץңҶСЦеĿŷ˵ڷ᰼ִӷᰵȥ
Ѿǹֵķ룬ǹܣڹⲿŹܡ᰸ҶСһֱ𶯡
ǲĺԺûа֣
Զ²᰽ҶСĻ˳漴ɻĿҶС磬ǲʲô⣬ôˣÿһζûбʩôûлУ
ôѵ뻳УһĸоĻھͿ̽һ¡ҶС绵һЦ
㡭ô𣿡רűҶСһۡ
㾹ȻһңԾ֪˵꣬ҶС˹ȥѹɳϸ׼ʹŷǧ𣬡һ
ŷǧĻҶСɳϣһԼ·ݺݵصҶСһۣͬʱҶСšһ£ɲĽѩŮӣõǳ󣬼ʹΪߣҶС綼ǿҵʹС
㻹ݡ
ߣ˵˵ô£ѵĲŮ˻УɻĿҶС硣
ᰱ⣬С磬ҪȥˣҪǰһ£ҪȻʱ򱻵ǹʹ˶֪Сû⣬ÿһڵľתΪ˴ҪȻڵԣֻҪһܻУ㲻ŵĻСȥԡŷǧŷᰵһЦ˵
ˣš᰸Ͻ˵ȻĿҶС磬ƺҶСʾһ㡣
ҶСŷ᰻Цһ£ȻĿͶŷǧǧ㲻˵ȥǰһΣʲô飿
һٸ˵ƣȥ˵ҽȥһڽ˽⣬鶼ȤȥûģһıǱⲻ˵ġ
һ⣬Ҫջò׵䡷²ȻǶⲿơջò׵䡷ˣǣǶ֪ԩģǾʲôı˵㱻߼޻ˣһıʲôҪõĶһжҪȥ飬мǣȲҪȥľ壬Ǽп϶ʥ֣Ȼ˵ʥһ²֣㵽Ǽ壬ǳ־ͲΥ涨ˡ
ǧȷڱĵطʥֲҳ֣ҶСʵ
ȷ
һʱһʥ־ͳˡ
նɱ˼ҵĶӣ˼ܲ˲£һʱʹûпסųֵģ֮飬˭Ҳûа취˵ֻҪڵ˺ǵĸǾԲֵģȻҲ⣬ʥ͵ϮǸʥֲҪ͵ϮĻǾû취ˣּΪٷ֮һֶԼϣʥǿߣǲ͵͵ġŷǧΪ͵
ô˵һҪС¡ҶС˵
ԣһҪסǲϧԼ˵Ҫץס㣬˵رҪˣĿʵӲһ㣬˵ǣȥĽѩʱ͵һ̶ĵص㣬һͬġ
ã֪ˡҶС˵ͷ
Ҹ˵ˣдӣǼڵӰǳ޴󣬵ٷ֮ʮľöǼУҵһλѣİܻ᷽һЩĵ绰룬סŷǧת˹ҶС磬Ļϳһ֣ҶСĿһɨͼˡ
Сĵ㣬̫嶯ҲǶŮˣҪڵõĶŷǧҶС˵
ţ֪ˡҶС˵ͷŷǧĻεؼС
ʲô¾͸Ҵ绰һᾡȥ㡣ŷǧҶС˵ǵ֮ɫ


910 ɫ
εĵ֮п϶Σգ˼޻ҶС磬ǺľƵı֮ܶҶСһһҪע⣬ۣ΢ע⣬пɥ
ģһûµġŷǧеĵ֮ɫҶСվߵǰסŷǧĶͷϺ촽һ¡
ҸһȥʱͻȻ˵һļᶨ
׼ȥ͹ԹԵĴڼһͬʱտߵЩˣǳ£ģβһȥһˣⲿŵ࣬ǸˣӦ÷һ˰ɣҶС翴˵
ǡʵǲġᰵĵĿҶС˵
ᰣˣҶСʵأʵٴȥǾһο㣬ȥҲֻΪ׸ֻҪЩŮ˸þˡŷǧŷ˵
󣬷һй֪ŷǧ˵ĶʵԼʵȥҲֻ
С磬ƻʲôʱȥŷǧʵ
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˰ɣ͵㣬ò\ľ֪ʲôʱȥһ˵ԴǵĲơҶС˵
ᰣС˵ûǾͲȥˣĵȴСŷǧƽʲôʱһӡ
Ǻǣģֲ𣬽ϴİװ׾ĵңһͬߣҪϧŶҶС翴˿˵ǻЦ
붼룬ߡһ˵
ѵĲܿǿǵģһһλزˣԺûлˡҶСװһ˵
׼˵ĻᰶݺݵĵҶСһۡ
ò˵ҶСϽ˰˵
ûʲôҪʱᰡʱŷǧ˵ϸֳĨ΢졣
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ʱ˵ᰵϱ˪Ⱦûоܾ˵Ѿͬˣֻǲ˼˵ѡ
ǺðɣˣһЩҪ죬ҪŶҶСٺһЦ˿
߳סСҶСһǰߣһ߲սԵĵ绰
С硭սԽһһ˿ƣһ˿ĵģɣ˺ö࣬ⶼĽѩ°ߺ仯ġ
壬ҾˣȥҶС˵
ãҸԤƱս˵
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ãҾ
Ǿһս˵
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ʲô͸Ҵ绰Ұﲻ㣬ϣһܹһЩġ
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˵һ͹Ҷ˵绰ҶСһβĵ绰
ʲô£ԶôĮƽ
ߣѩְְǶƱҶС˵
ã糿˵˵꣬͹˵绰
ҶС罫绰װ˿ڴУЦһ¡
Ҫ뿪ˣڻеʱ䣬ȥˣһУ˭Ҳ֪ôڱȥǣһҪǶᣬϾһ˻֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ҪٲС
ʱһ޽ĸűµԺڣһڰʿ˹һľǰרĵ衣
һɰһֻССɫ豭еŲˮǳɫĲˮڣ˱۾һӡ
ͻȻ䣬˫ĿһĹâųĿ˿Χ
һ󺮷ιź磬һӰͻأǰѪɫۣɢźɫĹâߣϿڿ͵ġ
ˡѪɫ۵ˣ˹Ľѣԣܾˡ
ҽ𣿡˳ھĺг䣬壬Եÿ־쳣
Ѿˣǲ֪᲻˵
Ҷ˽⣬϶ʲôã̫ˣ̫ˣѳɴ¡ɫ˵ǲм
ˣΪʲôֱӶ֣
ѪɫâӺɫߵ۾͸ħ
һϷˣɫſĴЦ
˻ʲôԸ˹ʵ
Ժ֪ͨҡɫ˵꣬ʧˣźȥ
ɫߺ󣬲豭ڵĲˮѾˣɫһ˿΢졣


911 Ϊķӡ
峿йʻһڴһΪ޵ŮӾվţźɫʴ£ŵһ˫ɫƤѥʮ㡣
·˶ĿͶȥ̸䣬ǻȴŮӵȻǵȴҶС࣬
ԼһСʱʱͬһµҶС˹
ٵһСʱ൭˵һ䣬ͬʱĿҶСһۡ
ʮķɻڲžŵ㣬أҶС˵һ䣬ʱҶС翴ݹ⣬ɷʲô¡
ҶСȰ˵£ڷӣһͬߣڻķᰵӰ£һصŷǧҲſˣһˮһһţһȣеȤΪ˵Ҳ
ǵƿʱǻƱֱӻǻơ൭˵
ô˵ҶСƵ˵
ûʣ߰ɣ˵һŻȥҶС˺档
ƴڣڴƱͷˡ
һСӣҶСʲôûдʱСʱʱڵִﶫ
ڿ˵ʲô񣿡ҶС˷ɻҶС紫
ƻ໺³֣˵Ǵûܹ˵Ļ
ƻƻʲôҶСɻʵ
оһ²Ʒ˺͸Ļӽһǳֲܹʵ֣Ǵģ˳ǻ˵һ޴ѣǵҪǸأҵõǵϣϵõõҪؼǴݻ١˵
֪ǵĻʲôطҶСʵ
渽º򡣡൭˵
ûʱưɣ
û¡
Ȱѩȳ˵أҶС翴˵
ûʲôȥཫĿͶҶС硣
ȥ壬֪Ǽ𣿡ҶСʵ
֪ҲȥĴǸܽȥ˾Ҳˣȥ׼ĳһ˻ǣ࿴ҶСʵ
һ԰һæҶС˵
㾹Ȼܹʶǲ򵥡ĿҶС硣
ôˣ𣿡ҶСɻʵǵõʱһûͻ쾳磬ڴȥˣΪôҲܴﵽأȻԷĽܿ£֮ŲѩĽµĶ࣬ҪǸǸ츳ߣһս˻Ȼûʹ츳츳ǿĶôز˵ġ
ʱ䣬ĽܹжҶС绹ڴĽҶСһ˷ܸС
ǼȻʶ㻹֪ǶôĿҶС硣
Ҳ㲻Ϥֻһ棬໥һζѡҶС˵
໥һΣΣ
ӮˡҶС絭һЦ˵
ʲôʱԵģʵ
ȥǰȥʱҪսһսǽۡҶСЦһЦ
ȥ壿ɣǸʱʵȻܹӮһǲ˼顣
ʲô˼ѵӮ𣿡ҶС粻˵
ǸʱΪѾͻ쾳ˣʵ
ûУǸʱʵѾﵽ˺أʹ˶һսҶС˵һȻ֮ɫȻܲԼΪԼٶȣҶС绹ǱȽϽģһʱ䣬ܹһΪܹظԿľ磬ӹŵ񣬴ûйҶС¼
ҶСĻ࿴һҶС͵һһһˣΪԽڳˣУʮ򽣣ʮͻ죬ͻ֮ʱһһնɱĸ֡
ȥʱʮ꣬Ϊ֪ʲô磬㾹Ȼܹܣ𣿡೰ĿҶСһۡ
ҶСĿɿڴ漴ʵ԰ʱҼʱΪںľ磬ô᣿
ߣټʱΪǺ۷塣˵
⡭ѵ˷ӡΪҶСɻʵ
㻹ͻ쾳һʱ䣬ȻԷΪԼΪ˺죬Ҫƽ򽣵ҪΪǻİ˴塢ŸɣںСʱ򣬾ͻһӡӡһΪȫΪûι̣֮ˣҪǸڻ᲻ι̵ĺôΪʥܹᵽˡ˵
ƽʱЩ˴ӵܵΪôߣǶӡһΪȻǶֻ֪һ˲֪ȵʱܹ֪ǵʵΪˡ࿴һҶС˵


912 
һҶСһû뵽һϾȻ̺ôܡ
ֲáֲǵΪĻԭԵʣ԰˴崫ǧյԴһܷôɵӣΪԣĵطиҩĶ죬ʱܹﵽ쾳磬󣬲ǿԵ츳ԣ֣ǱʣʱΣͻƵؾ綼⡣
ǵΪֻǱӡһ֣ں쾳磬ӡĸΪ࣬ⶼΪһʵĻ
ֲһѪôŨڵûһ˿ʣֲôӵôߵΪ˴һУǵΪôһ㣬ԭˡ
ΪԼ֮ӣٶױȣڲŷԼС˻磬ôĴûһֶΣ˿ľԲ򵥣˭֪Ǽлظֻǰʥж١
ͻȻ䣬뵽һ⣬Լ񹦣ɲͷӡΪÿһΪͻƺΪһֱͻƺΪֻеȵͻһʱΪͻͻͽԽü磬һӡһΪַӡһеķӡ֮רŵķӡ֪Ҫǿٱ
뵽Щ⣬ҶС̬ת䣬ǾǲʲôҪȥĶԴڲܹһ˿и˵ĺã˭֪ʱǻᱩ¶ʲôΪ
ΪԼԶھλˣڿ࣬ھλû˭ңδ֪ҲãǵΪˣѹ־ΪҲĸ졣
񹦻ûдﵽĲ۷壬ʵߵأȵĲ۷ֻһżż̫ߣԶԶûеڵͻƵ˵ʱżߣҲǵΪ۷壬Խʥֱ̤ʥһΣһξޱ䣬һ룬ԾţȻ˵ѾܵУ绹˵Ȩġ
ڻΪʱ磬ȽĲ۷Ҫ
ȵ˵Ĳ۷壬նɱ۷ǿ߲ٻ£ǰʥҲܹǿӦԡ
Ϊֻܹսʤͨظ֣һΣնɱһصˣغ;۷ܴΪߵףѹ󰡣
̫ӵˣΪǣڿһжδ֪
ȻǶ֪ô֪ǱӡһΪҶСɻʵ
ʦҵģҲӡΪ򿪷ӡʱ죬ֱӽ۷塣൭˵
࣬ܲܰæҶС翴ʵ
ʲôæ˵
ҽһ»еһЩĶڲŷֶһЩĶյʵ̫ˡҶСЦ˵
ڲŷ֣ҶСһۣʱ滳ǴɽԳˣǧ꣬Ϊôߣһĳʶ벻ͨѵʦûи㣿
ʦҶС΢΢һ㶣ȻЦЦûУǸҴڹ
ֲãߣϳ˳ϣٸ˵˵һǰһͳȥʱѾӻ˳
㵽ȥҶСɻʵ
㲻˵ȥһ𣿡࿴ҶС˵
ǰѵ֪һ
ֻ֪֪Ҫ߾С࿴ҶСһȻ˳ҶС翴˿ҲֻøȥﲻϤྭִӦϤܶࡣ
ϳֱһţҶСһҲһţǰкܶλǣƫƫҪһ֡
ڿԸҽ˰ɣҶС翴˵
ԣǻ綼Ƕ߰ͷǻĵһ𣬲ĸҶҪ˱ᣬϧǻ磬һźʵ򰵵¶ĺǰ˴壬ǲڼеڲҲͣڸŸɵܹһ㣬ǳɽ֣Ը㣬˵ǣ徲ΪǱ
ĵİ˴Ӧö֪ɣҾͲˣҸһǵĴλþˣ˵һһ壬ɽ֣Һɽżңڶɽһ¶ڱԭһӹȣżǱߣ߾ܽҶһɽȣϹϷһУڳ¼Ϻ½һϣ˸嶼ֲǻĵΧϿ˵ǿŻĵĴţֹĸǰ
һйأŷ壬岻ڰ˴֮УҪػػ½ÿһУָֹƻ
ǸŸɣɵǻûмۺҲԭµģ֡䵱ءɽɽɣɱСǣȻȽ٣ǣÿһ˶ǾӢΪ˴һĸ˵˿
һܣҶСǴ۽磬û뵽ľȻôô˵Ҳͺܶˡ
ˣ³ɣݲԶˣ߹ȥҶС绹˵ĻʱͳѾͣ


913 һ
³󣬾ͼǰȥ
࣬ǻôǲʲôͼıҶСɻĿʵ
ʲôͼıⲻδѰˣʦ˵һҪһ˵ʱ٣ʲôѣ˼Ҳûÿڻ
ֻɵңȷʵд鷢ûһâ¶һ٣ҲһѵĿʼһжعάֵģȴѹﲻ֪ܹʣ¶٣˥ѭġ̾һ˵
û뵽㾹ȻƸеһ档ҶС翴˵
ôͲУ˫ĿбųĹâ
ǺǣЦģղ³ʱ˵ȥҶСʵ
ݣǼݣһ˲ţһھ˲ţÿ嶼ݣһĲֻҪܹ뵽ĺĲ㣬õʹ͵ľƷжṩ̨ôһĸֺܶ࣬ǻķ⽨˼뻹Ǹٹ̣ǲһ˽ĺĲģ˵ڸ߼Ĺˡ
ǻһĸֶ໹ǵĸֶࣿҶСɻʵ
ȻǻһĸֶˣϾʮ˿ĶţһҲСÿһ˶ǾӢеľӢ͵
ԭھݻжԶҶСʵ
Զˣ¥λþݵλáָ֣ǰһߴľ¥˵
ܾ¥жǧңǣҶС绹ܹ¥ȫľͷɵģ乤ʵǺܾտ
˲ע⣬ţӺ󣬲ŵǰ
ݵĴһʯͷɵĹŻĸ֣̺Ľ⣬ȥһɽѹҶС˵嶼һ¡
ɽٶʥĳ֣ĸ̺ĽǸݸ˵ΪŷģͨȥĻһʲôо
ʱſɫʿ꾲վţһʿ
ʱʱкȽڴ
㿴ϵɫͼı־\ľı־һֺɫ£ؼı־Ǻɫ𣬼׺ؼı־ɫΣߣǽȥ˵һ˽ȥ
ᡣ˸ߵſڣʿγһ͵ס˵ȥ·
ʱݣˣ׼ڡһ꿴ʵǾ裬ƺڷֹ¡
˶ҶС翴һۣȻĿͶˣһѣ˵󣬿
ҶС绰һƬɻǲ֪ҶС˵ЩʲôԲ
ҶСε˵һղŵĻ˲˹˻ɻĿҶСһ
ȵһ£ҽʹݳߵ˵Ȼ˽ȥ
Ƭ̺һ˳꣬˵ϢȣΪѾﵽһؾ硣
һүʵ
ǣĵѣǰҲ֪ʲôطܲϵһҶС˵
һү˭ܹġ˾ĿҶС˵
ѣһҵģֻҪ˵ҵ֡ҶС絭һЦ˵
ҶС⻰˷˺ܶ࣬ǣ
ҶС硣ҶС紫
ɫ䣬Ƶļã˲ͻָ˹񵺹ûм֪ҶСġ
Եȣȥѯһ¡˵꣬߼˽ȥ
ʮӵʱ䣬˲˳һЦ⣬˵汧ǸǵȾˣ
ҶС˽롣
һʲôʱҶСʵ
үھڶСʱʱܵүкλ˹˵
ҶС֪Էݹǿһϡ
ƽʯͷ̳ɵĵ·˽ȥһ޴ľųǰľվʿ
˺ʿľһʾ⡣
ſھһĴյأյ϶ɫʿˡ
Ƿֳ֣һʮ꣬һǶʮĴˣĶܿ̿ࡣ
˴üԺ߽һУյ˵ϰ׹һŵͰľǰ
Ըݲ衢ˮӺܹ
лλĵȲ裬һүǼҴûмһ棬θλܹҼһһүǸлλ˺ܸмĿˡ
øлҶС絭һЦ˵
ҶС̸ţԼʮӺһն
ˣҶС˫Ŀ⻪


914 Ĵ
ɽնһе־ûʲôܹ赲סǼ֡â
һӣ˶˻þԼǰһ޴Ĺ⽣ҪԼն룬ҶСϾΪ˲ͻָ˹˿ɾͿˣһʹ֮ɫ۾гѪһľҶСз˵üĽ롣
˲䣬˻ָ³Ӳĺлл
ҶСǻˣûԵлл⡣
ҶС絭һЦȻĿͶ棬ֻһɫʿϵɫ˿ɫĳԺ˳˹һϸĶ󽣣ⲻʿϸߵĽзǳֻһۣʹĸо
ûмӣΪԨƺɲ⣬Ȼֻ۷壬˭֪ûзӡԼΪοΪһսͬҶС磬ֻ۷壬һսԶԿؾǿߡ
һҶСʱĿһ˫Ŀбų˫۵ҶСǰֱߴĿռ΢΢ҶСǰʱͻȻʧƱʲôһ㡣
Լ̽ҶС׾ٵľͻˣһĿ˼֣Ჽ˹ȻᲽǣȴ̤ŴصĶ䶼𶯡
ᡭϸָҶС磬ǰʱһϸϷϸ΢΢˶ֺ˷ܵӡ
ͻȻһ׹ûпһѾˣһҶС硣
ǹɰ׹ʧֻһϸֱֱĶҶС磬̽һ豭У豭ҶС֡
һֻô˺۷ΪûѹƣҶСһΪҲѹ˺۷壬Ҳûѹơ
â̽ĳ֣Ǹƽ֡
ܺãҹȻûпɳô࣬Ӧÿȫһս˰ɣһҶС˵ǳȣͬʱһӴƽҶС
ȻǸգֳϣֻҪ֣һս
һȷʵǸܺõĶ֣ҶСҲڴһսҪǽĽѩȳȽĽѩȳԺٺԶԡ
ȱŶ֣Ҫģҽ鴦ʹʹһս㿴ôҶСȽеĲ豭ӽȥľϡ
һü𳤽ã飬ͨӲȫʵʹӮҲûʲô˼
ҶСЦһ£ǽհ˵䲻⡣
һ˹˸Ͻվ˵ɽҲү
һûֱӹҶС棬ԸˣֻԽȤʲôʡʲôǣȫں
ɽҲ֪һ㣬Ҳһû¶ʲô෴ǹˡ
ɽҲĸһһˮ
ΪҲܲһƷһڣȻĿͶࡣ
ΪԶˡ൭˵һ䣬ղһҶСĳ̽һӾԼʵղһһܹһǱҶСǰƵᡣ
Ӧ˵ҵ𣿡ҶС翪˵
˵ˣһնһصĸ֣˲ڴһս
˵Ĳ飬˵\ľ顣ҶСεĽ͵
ľ飿ʲôɱ٣ѵẦ²ɣһʵĻɱȻͲһ£ͬݽһ㡣
£ҵŮУҪáջò׵䡷Ҹûʲôջò׵䡷ҶСǳƵ˵
鷳ЩӰΪһ˫ĿбųâҶС硣
ҶСѣҶС絢Ϊʧȥһö֡
ÿ˶Լĵ޵޵ҶС粻˵
˵Ķԣÿ˶Լĵ˵˵ľġջò׵䡷ڼǰŵʱ峤һʧˣɲ֪Ǽ٣ľһ˵Ϊǰ˺ܶ࣬ȷ¡һ˵
ջò׵䡷ʧˣǿԸԼļ䣬дߵļ䣬伮дӦòʲô°ɣҶСɻʵ
ջò׵䡷һ飬⣬ܴһֱĸǰµľӡûпջò׵䡷ʹѧϰҲ˵ܹӳ߳ɶѣⱾǼҪӦ֪˰ɣⱾ鵽ǲڼǰʧ˾Ͳҿ϶ˡ
Ļ֤ⱾѾٺľˣûһ岻˼档ҶС
ҪЩʲôһʵ
֪ľо巢顣ҶСʵ
ϢҲ֪Ǽ٣˵һǰ˴ͨڲ͵ˡջò׵䡷󣬲ļУ֪͵ߵ˽ҶС磬һӡһҶС˵
ôأһֱҶСüͷ˵


915 
Ҷ˽ĲǺɽҲһ˵
һĻɽҲǼ֮ɫ̫ҸˣһүȻǵҵ֣үȻǵҵ֣мزҲű
ָһԼĶҶС˵ľڲĴȷʵͬү˵͵ǵĵ伮ľ϶飬û֪
ǼȻ֪Ѿô˼Ѱ㣬ô˵롶ջò׵䡷Щϵ˵Ҫҵջò׵䡷ϣôһ£鿴鿴ɽҲ˵
лҶС˵
ܲҲ鿴һҵŮѣôҶС˵
ɽҲûлشҶСǽĿͶһ
ʲô£㶼ȫȥ졣һ˵
ǣүɽҲ˵
һоͰˡҶСɽҲ˵
һᾡȫȥ鿴ģҶġɽҲ˵һӡ
û㣿ҶС罫ĿͶһ
УҰȳáһ˵
ǲǺľˣ
ϸ˵ѾˣѾĺľ壬ȻźľѪҺѾܵˣ\ľĻǿԵģԸ⣬еĵطһ˵
лҶСм˵
ãߡһ˵ȻվȥȻû˵ҶС֪ȥеĵط
ʱţһͣ˽Ų΢΢ü
ǼиˣҶСɻʵ
Ǽһ˵
һĻ£ҶСͿһȺɫʿ˹Ƕ쾳ΪΪ׵һϢǿѾؾ硣
Ⱥ߹󣬿һһۣǼɵͿ־壬ǰϾǴӵܣһ㻹ܹġ
ǸҶС磿Ϊ׵һ꽫ĿͶҶС磬һ߰ӣĿһУ·ԼǸϴһ㡣
Ҿǣʲô£ҶСʵڴɫα־ˣܹĳ⡣
ǣҲΪȻܹȡջò׵䡷ǺЦҿ׼˰˳ɵˡǱӡ
Ϊ˵Ĺȥҵūô
ʱһŲףվһԣ˼Ǿ֣ܶع˼ҡ
Ҳǣֻнֻ飬ȷʵôһ㣬ǻҪʲôˡ
𣿡ҶС絭˵ͬʱһɿֲϢɢɫâɫλá
ʱһж¶˿־֮ɫȻ䣬еĿ־֮ɫӿ־ˣֻҶСʹ˿
ɱɱһΪֻͻȻ˫ĿͨޱȣϸγΧҿ
ʣҲ˫Ŀͨޱȣûɣһ㣬԰γϸ໥ɱлͣĺţɱɱɱ
һĻһ۾ˣ漴˼ʲôֶΣҶСֹһĸоԤУһսҶСһϲ
һܾȣҲǾȵĿҶС磬ûмҶСóֹ
ʵֹˣأϵ׻ʲôһ˿ĺ֮ġ
һԵɽҲɴ۾ҶСʹõļֱܼ似߸˳һȺ˵Ļ᲻ҲֵĻ̫ˣֱȺɱ
ʱ߸˻ڲͣĿɱţɫʿѪȾˣһʿĸ첲ˣѪֱڲϵĻӶһֱֻۡ
Ƭ̼䣬ҶС翴ˣͣɫĹâʧ
ʱΪ׵겻ǽۣ϶нۣ˸ǲĿ̶ãԡѪֻʣ˰
ҶСǶ˵ϣ˽ŲЩģ¶һĨ͸ˡ
һʱ˶Щͷԣɱ˻ˣֱв
˿ԺĲʱˣ֪ʲô£໥һۣͬʱŤͷĿ⿴ҶС磬Ǿֺͺ£˵ǶһǼɵǺ£ôҶСǿ־壬ޱȵĿ־壬ҶСǸħһǸɱѡ
˲֪ᵽ壬һҶСһ֮Ǿ͹ˣ뿴ҶС絽ǺηʥȻ\ľ壬˼Ժ󣬷ҶСΪ۷ѣ֮ģ׼ҶСһⲻһӣľ顣
֪Ǹոճ裬ǰĳͻȻһ䣬ʬɽѪһ߾ô˳лӶŹǵЩ帯һˣЩ˿Ҫжġ
Ϊ˳ΧϵĿɱ֪˶ڳٺĸоòǿĵЦˣǵԺеĳˣ²֪ղеһжǻþ
ҶСֶ̫ˣǲ֪˵


916 ײ
˿ҶСӣԽϸֶڲͣضǺ£ǿ־壬ΨҶСʹղŵֶΣٴʹƵĹֶΣǾҪˡ
ֻһѵ´ΣǾһֻɣҶС˵
´ˣˡ˸Ͻ˵۵׶ǿ־塣
ɣľ֪˵ϢҾǡҶС絭˵
һὫϢȥġ˸Ͻ֤ȻȾܣ·ԼǸ֣ܹʹ
߰ɣҶС˵һ䣬ȻĿͶһ
һףŵˣ˵һ䣬Ƿ
˵ȥ
ǽߵһ徲ʺǳںľһ
ҶСһ˽ȥűź棬иܴԺ䣬Ժһӣ߻һЩļֲ
ţţҶСһ͸˴󺣣ݺ޽ںһ㣬һиţӲŽǸƽ̨ƽ̨·Ǻ档
ԣĻܲסؿ
˸߽ԺڣһźͷŮС鲽һ˳Ľһү
һʯͷһ㷴Ӧ΢΢˵ͷ˵\ľӣ˵һĵˡ
ˡ
߽˿һľǰһײߣһ漣Ϊ˸һˮ
ҶСе⣬Ƚһ˵裬Ըе㲻
ϲȲ衣·ǲҶСеɻһ˵
ҶСе˼һӴˣóԼϲȵĲҶСǶҶСء
Ҫһˣᡣ
ʱһŲԶҶС罫ĿͶſڵλãֻһŮ˽ӡӣɷΡŲľ졢̻ɫѡ
ŮӾǺҶСڻķֿ\ľӣӡ
߽ҶСʱһϲ⣬Щ
ˡ\ľӣӽһС鲽ߵҶС߹
ʱôҶС絭һЦʵ
лл˲ɱ֮һүһá\ľӣол˵
лǾ֮ͶѡҶС絭һЦ˵أ
˯ˡ\ľӣӹ˵
ҸϢһ£\ľ飬ɽҲǴʱһ˵һ䣬Ȼͨƽ̨Ȳ˳ȥ
ˣҴȥ䡣\ľӣ˵һ䣬ȻҶСĸ첲ҶСҶС˳ȥƽ൱˿
һԼĲǸȥ
еķֳ֣ͺڵġԺڵģŷ䱻һȸ
\ľӣӽҶС簲˺ͺڵһ䣬ķڸڣҲ֪ǲǹ⣬ķ䰲˾ҶСԶһ䡣
֪Ǹķ䣬ƳҶСһۣ߽Լķ䡣
뺣ڵķ䲼õĶ࣬俿ǽڶǲģһŰװ棬ͨűһƽ̨ƽ̨Ͽͺϵķ羰
ˣҶ˵ˣʲôҪӣӰæĻܿڡ\ľӣӿҶС˵
õģлл㡣ҶС˵һ䡣
ҵˣҰӦõġ\ľӣһЦЦ˵
ˣСУʲôʱȻôҳֵʱ򣬶ҶСЦЦ˵
֪ȡЦҡ\ľӣװһСŮͲ˵
һ飬ƭ˱ˣȴƭҡҶС˵
ˣûƭ㡣\ľӣԹĿҶС磬ҧҧȻ˿ɵӣ·£һȱɵҶСǰ
ʲôûдգò˵ļãǰȻͦķͣ˵ӾΪ֮һ٣СΪƽ̹ûһ˿׸⣬Ҳɱǡôӯӯһգһ˫޳дһ˿ҰԣܾŮɣ
ʲôϽ·ϡҶСװһ˵һ콫\ľӣӵ·ץһ𣬾Ҫ\ľӣӵϴ
\ľӣҶС⣬ҶС绳Уѩźһֱ۹סҶСĲӣȺ߲ҶС䣬Ҫж˺һḡ档
ҵˣҵжģҵ壬ҵܸɾ⣬ûһ˿\ľӣ˵顣
ϽҪȻҾˡҶСװһʮ˵
㲻ģѵ㲻𣿲ҪƭңѾ˷Ӧ\ľӣӵͷһҶСϴЦ˵
\ľӣӵȷʵˣǣһ˼ûУҪĿǾĽѩĽѩûоȳںͱŮӲ࣬뱩Լһ١
ϽˣҾҪˡҶСһĿ\ľӣӡ
\ľӣӺˣ֪ҶСġ
׼ҶСʱŴˣſڣ˵ʱ΢΢һ㶣ȻӦ˹һ䣬ɫǡȻ뿪ˡ


917 鵽Ϣ
ԭֻҶСһ½飬û뵽ŴȴôһĻжҶСӡֱ½
˳ȥҶСЦһ£֪ˣҲɲñ˲ᣬʵ̫Ǹɶˡ
ײһĻ\ľӣ¶˺ΣϽҶСԼ·ͷһ֪˵ӣԲˡ
Ѿˣ˵ʲôãһ׾ͱˡҶСû˵
û£һḺġ\ľӣգ۾˵
㣿Ǻǣ˶ҸҪϢˣȻ㷿ȥɣ
ˣǸߣ\ľӣĿҶСʵ
ӦסҶС絭˵һ䡣
֪Ǻ¿ƲסԼˣϼįĻҡ˵꣬\ľӣӱ˳ȥ߳ȥʱΪŲŤϸ֫һ㡣
ǸҶС̾һȲţߵƽ̨ϣоԼǴһҴһ㡣
һһŲֻһĺɫµߵԡ
û뵽ôģողŵȲˣƽʱǲǿ˺ܶĵAVҶС˵
Ҳ֪ƬӣһΪĹһڿҲǸɧŮҶСһЦĿࡣ
㡭һýԺãأʲôŮ˶ҪֱǼʡ޺޵˵
ҲԺãŮջҶʮ㣬ɽѵղûз֣ʱջң
ûзֻ֣˼Ůӵ·ҡһ˼ң϶˼ҵ·ˡ
аΪҾһԵʡҶСε˵
ʲôȹˣһԾ֮ҪЮ˼ŮӣǸޡһԹһ䡣
ҶСɴ۾Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ô˵ˣ޻˵ˣЦһ˵ƽʹ޵ľˡ
㿴𣿡
Ķ񡣡

㣬ҪΪղҪЮң˵˵ҲԸĻ͡͡ءʱ\ľӣӵ˹վԼſڵƽ̨ϣһ޿ӣܵĪίԵҶСˡ
Ψ첻ҰҶС
ڻʲô˵ҶСʵ
ô⡣ҶСüͷ˵һ䣬ת߽˷䣬Ȼ󽫲ֱӹˣҲˡ
жʮӵʱ䣬ſ˽ҶС˵ϵҶС˵ղˣǸ
ղԼܹȥο\ľӣӣǶԷûпޣŽ̸ŷԼƭˣҶСҲдԷ׼ջ㣬ѵͲܶ㿪𣿻̫ɫԵʣ
ȻڵǸ̬ȸûһ⣬ҶСҲں
һ򶼱ѾϰˡҶС絭˵һ
ĿҶСһۣʵʲôƻ
ļƻȰѩȳ˵ѣľֳȺĶܹ۷ǰʥǿߵĲ鿴ǣûĶܶʥ֣һҪʥַˣҾͳ֮׸
׼ʵ
ɽҲ˵ڻ֪ԷΪʲôҪݺңĿʲôֻŪ飬ǲҵԲߡҶС˵
Ҳ湻ùģ\ľ徹Ȼ㣬ʲôҪһġ࿴ҶС˵
ʲôҪ㶼ңҶС罫һʵ
ġ˵еˣЩס
ǺãҪһŮůѣҡҶСϴŵЦ⿴˵
ضҶС翴һĿԽԽ䣬˲վҧ˵˾䣬ȥɣ
˵仰ͬʱɳһҶС磬ҶС統ȻɵİһΣ֮⣬һգŭĿҶС磬ųһתߡ
ҶСЦЦصԭλãרŸһѵ
ϾŵʱɽҲ˵绰ҶСѾ̽ڲϢ
˵һǰϣǱ˺ľ壬ǸɱȻתˣû͵ջò׵䡷Ͳ֪ˣɱʱõĹֶǡջò׵䡷еһаնԷľȫ˳Ҳ˵һеĹӵ
˵Էˡջò׵䡷ϵҿΪġջò׵䡷
׷飬²鵽һͷϣǸ˾ģһֱ˺ľصء
ļе֪\ľҶС磬Ӷǡ
󣬺ľһ֪ҶСǺҲҲ֪ҶС統Ȼ
Ȼƺ棬붼ҶСǣԷȻݺҶС磬ô˵Ǹйϵ
ҶСԭ뽫Ǹҳ


918 \ľ۹
õϢȫȷĻôӦþǸˣջò׵䡷붼ǸУҲ˵ǺľǰѾѡջò׵䡷ˣӣǸ˵ĴʲôأôԵ˭ܹͼıʲôɽҲһҶСüͷ˵
ǶԷƵıܺľ֪ջò׵䡷ϣԲòȥѰ㣬ⶼΪ˰Ǹ˵Ը£ֻǲҵջò׵䡷˵һӣĽѩУҲòȥ֡
˵ЩҶ֪ˣǸʲôıܻ¶ŵġҶСӿź˵
ɽҲľʲôطҶСʵ
Ҫȥľ壿ɽҲʵ
ǣֻһ¡ҶС˵
ڶԶְɽҲ˵
ɽҲɲԲӺľˣҶСʵ
ԣΪ΢ĿԣһүΪƾͲ鲻ˡ
ãڿʼҲһºľˣǵҲ鿴һ£ǳȥʲôҶС˵
еѶȣҲֻ֪һݵĹݳݵ΢ûжȨҪȥһүֻһүЩ˴кҲܲ鿴ɽҲһΪ֮ɫ˵β鿴ľڲǵõһ׿ϣҪľнˣҪһˣⶼҪһͷС
ãȥһҶС˵ͷ֪ɽҲ˵ʵһѾ˵ֻʲô¶æԻġ
ǲ鿴ûУҶСʵ
Ǹûв鿴СڵĵطֻЩΪĵԱܹ֪Щ˶ڼҳ϶ȼߣ򡣡ɽҲ˵
û£鷳ˡ
ҶСģһŬȥ鿴ģˡɽҲ˵
ҶС˵ͷ
㲻׼ȥľɣɽҲߺ࿴ҶСʵ
ȥĻ᲻һȥҶСĿࡣ
ᣬѾ˵λâ൭˵
Ҳȥ
лл㣡ģҲҵȥðյģȥľΧ̽һ¶ѡҶС絭һЦ˵
Ҹȥ˵
ˣһҪиʲô£㻹ܾң˶ץס˭ǡҶС˵
΢΢˼һ˵ͷ
ʱſһŲ漴һˣ𣿡
\ľӣǽεεҶС綼оͷˣ\ľӣӾǸϵľƷʵڲЩʱȽĽѩȳҪ
սʱڣ֪˻ĵҶСһŮˣһҵˣ֮Ѻۻ
\ľӣӣҶСһΡ
ڡҶСε˵һȻĿͶ࣬ӵĿһۣߵһ
Ҫһرĺ¡˵
ôأҺ֮ûʲôϵ
ʱƿ\ľӣӴһׯĺͷľ̶һˮ˽һɰСŮ
СŮֻʮСò\ľӣ߷ƣһ˫ںڵĴ۾ЩС¡
ˣȲ衣\ľӣӽˮľϣȻ۰СŮҶС˵ˣã\ľ۹
۹ôôϤҶС˵
ǹһʱĶƬȮҹ桷֡\ľӣһЦ
\ľӣһ˵ҶСÿλؼҵʱܻȮҹĹ£˵ǽ۹Ͱ룬տ˼ûģΪûʱûٿ
ڿ\ľ۹ǿ˽۹СʱӣֱͶƬн۹Ӳࡣ
û۹ֲȢһ֡ҶСЦЦ˵
𣿡\ľӣ˵һ䣬Լõ۰
Сãи硣ɰСŮҶСϹ΢Цһֻ˵
\ľ۹۾¶˵ӵĹâԥһգһǿɰ۾ҶС˹ȥ
ҶС罫\ľ۹˻Уںڵ㷢Ц˵ɰи硣
\ľ۹̧СԴ˿ҶС磬С촽ֿ¶Ž׵ݣ۾СΪġ
硭硭\ľ۹֣𣬺ܴ棬ԴҶСĻв˲һܵӡ
һԵ\ľӣӾȵͣԼúܺ¼İˣ˵Ǻİ׽ˣھȻҶСĻô֣һ磬ֱҶСá
е㼵ʣ\ľ۹Ϻ˵㶼дģû뵽μȴҶСһ硣
ôˣʲôԾģʱҶСԱߵͻȻʵղںľ۹ԴҶСʱҶСüͷ΢΢塣


919 ģ
ûʲôǺǡҶС絭һЦľ۹ԴܵҶСĶ\ľ۹ٴ¶˿ĵЦݡ
ˣǰã\ľӣɻĿҶСʵ
ûУڲŵһμ棬ôˣ\ľӣɻҶСɻ֪\ľӣΪʲôҪôʡ
ûʲôֻһϲ˵Ҳϲİˣû뵽Ȼ㻳Уû뵽磬ƺҽ㶼дġ\ľӣֵ˵
ʲôΪұȽһǸˣСӵ۹׼ȷˡҶСٺһЦ
Ƥ񡣡ҶСһۡ
ʵǣҪȻС۹ȥ㿴ò㱧ҶС˵
ã˵ġ࿴ҶС˵ȻĿͶҶС绳е\ľ۹
ʱ˪ͻȻһ䣬ڣϹ˵ЦݣһĿһȪϵϢ͸ղҲǽȻͬһֺ⣬ůĸо
ҶС֣û뵽໹һ棬ıĿɣгһ仰
ЩŮ˾ᣬãǺԼܵ˺һԼϰŵû˸ҿǣɾˣǽ쿴ЦҶС绹ΪǿŲѩһ
С۹ý㱧˫۾׼\ľ۹
Ļľ۹۾ӵĿ࣬СֽץҶС·ˡ
£ý㱧ٴ˵\ľ۹Ծ޶ԣ巴ҶС绳вˡ
С㣬þӣϲ˵ϲİˡ\ľӣ˵
࿴˿ֱ»ָ˪ӣܲĿҶСûƭˡ
ƭˣ׺ҶС΢΢һЦ˵ȻŻС۹øһ
˵С۹һ£С۹ǳɰ۾ĽëǸͺӤͣĹĵģ°ͼеSDޣǳ۰
С۹ҶСһº󣬺Ŀ˿ҶС磬ȻҶСҲһڣ۾ЦΡ
С۹ôӣǲǺǴЩ˵İйأҶС翴\ľӣʵ
ǣһֱӣСˣСʱֻһԿ\ľӣЩ˸֮ɫ
û£ͺˡҶСЦЦԴˣ㶼ûиС۹ڹ
й뷨һֱûж˵\ľӣ˵Ȼ󲻽ĿҶСʵˣΪʲôʳ⣿
ΪʲôǷǸĺòϣҪСץһԱҲáҶС˵
ˣҪС۹ΪʦɣΪôߣһڳõض\ľӣӿҶС˵
ʦ㻹濴ңڵΪôһ㣬ʲôʸȥͽܣοҽÿҲԣҪŪʦͽϵԵҺϡҶС˵
ˣС۹еͽˡ\ľӣεĿҶС˵
šҶС˵ͷ΢΢üȻչ˿
ҲϢˣ۹һȥ\ľӣȥС۹ĸ첲ֿҪС۹ĸ첲ʱС۹첲һ˿ٶȼ죬ҶСĿ¶һ˿Ĺâ
С۹˿\ľӣӣֿ˿ҶС磬ǲᣬЩί
ԹԣȻȥ㣬еҪҶС˵վС۹͸\ľӣӡ
ҶСĻ\ľ۹ŸԼĽߣߵʱһͷ
Ϊʲô׽㣿\ľӣӽߺɻĿҶСʵ
ƷáҶСٺһЦܼ򵥣ľ۹֮˵ԻӽΪԭ
ҶСһۡ
ˣġûҶСʵ
ģԸܵһ˵˼룬ĵĳɳΧһΧʲôԷܹ֪˵ϹʱڣһŮģƾһģԾһۣ棬ܹȥδҵĻͫˣȻֻҴӹϿģǲҾͲ֪ˡ˵
ԭѵġ۲ɣҶСüͷ˵
˵ʲôѵѵС۹ǡ˫ۣһŵӡ
֪ˣ˵ȥκˣ𣿡ҶСؿ˵
̫ҪһЩ֪Ϣ·˷趼ҪС۹ѰҵġۣⶼϹű콾ϳֵĶвľˣһɾͷǷ
õκһȳɳˣο֮ͬʱһϣֱ̫ˣԺɳʲôز˭ҲҶ϶һӵˣǧ۰磬һˣЩǼôŹأõ˲˵ò˾ҪԵĲпᡣ


920 
ޱȣû뵽ǸɰСŮȻͬʱӵĶ\ľ۹ɳԺ϶һ֡
ô֪ġۣɻʵһӵЩǶԷ˸㣬ҪȻֻҪԷʩչʹΪﵽʥ
ҸоġҶСգЦЦ
ҶСһۣ˲ˣ\ľ۹ڿҶСʱҶСüͷ΢΢΢΢һ£ѵĿԸоĪϵĳһλҲõľˣ뵽ԽԽˡ
ѵҲʲôĶɣʵ
ңǺǣҷһʲôĶֶˣ֮ˣȻǺ˵ˣô췣֣޲ôܾ;ҡҶС絭һЦ
ҶСĻͬĵ˵ͷҶС˵ĸоĸͲţһ˽ܰ׳յˣô֪ЩʹǸоôѵҲǸоģҶС粻˵Ҳ˼ǿ
ʵҶС˵ʵȷʵǸоģ\ľ۹ʱ͸оڵ΢΢ЩƺһֻҪתΪơ
Ȼľӣܹı䶯ô֮ʹԵˣһΪʺϵ֮ʹߣ֮ʹ»ܶࡣ
ʱԴȴͻȻ֣ġۡ
ͻȻ䣬γһ徭ͼ⻹пھһĹΪǾͼиӵй·߾ܿĳһޱĹ붼Ϊġ۵ġ
ѵǰҲֹ֮ͬʱһϵ飿ҪȻôͻȻųôһ׹öо̺ʲôܣôôĹ
ΪʲôⲿֻʱųΪ\ľ۹Եʡ
ղ\ľӣ׼õĸ첲ʱС۹һĻ˵һС
ֻҶСΪסˣǸΪʹ߻
ѵͬʱôأҶСһЦɣҪȻôԵ޹ʵĳ׹
ҶСע⣬С۹һ׹֮ʹߣһȥ
ǲ˵ȥġ˵һ䡣
ţ֮ܡҶСգһ۾һۡ
׼ʲôʱȥʵ
ڡҶС˵
Сĵ㡣˵һ䣬Ȼ˳ȥ
˺ҶСЦЦ˼ˮͺȲʲôǰ׿ˮһǶòˣҶСĺȷ¶нҶСĳ嶯
ҶСͺһ飬˲ʧ˷ڣҹɫΪһ壬ѷ֡
ҶСһֱŶְɱȥȻʶ·ĽѩֻֻﶨλϵͳеӵͼȻܹҵְ
ӵʱҶС͵ְվһ¥֮ϣʶչ˫Ŀɫâܹ͸գľڵء
ͻȻ䣬ҶСһת˫Ŀбų⣬Ƭ̼һɫʿӰҶС档
㣬ôˣҶСɻʵ
һ˵ûӰһ
֪\ľڵλҶСʵ
ְ֪һλԼҡһ˵漴¥ҵƻһ²ؼӡ
ҶСһƣһҶС籾ʺľλãǣһһ仰ͽˣڿҶСʵ
³һҶС˫ĿһɫâܣͻȻ䣬ֶϷϣһƬں쳾ۻ֮٣Ϊԣ϶\ľڵˡ
ҶСеɫâʧһһۣԾȻ£Ӹ߸ߵ¥бɶ£һҶС
һظҶСٶȫչң̤ٶ˲ĺüһӱ㽫һ˦
ҶСΪһĺʤģٶҲ˼£ֻǻûиҶС磬ھ̵̫ԭ򣬲˵ٶȵ˭ĸߣҪԺ֪
ٶȺܿ죬Ҳ㣬ڴһսһһƬȡ
ʱһһսҶСε˵߸ôһգĪѹ
ʱվһСɽϣŶ֮һ£ླྀʯĻ¡¡֪Ϊ׳ۡ
һжǻ󣬳ΪˣҪȻ濴˵ȷʵһ
һ͸ĹĻһڴһ֣иɽ֣кзݣֱּǸС硣
һһͳô󣬹ϡؼΪĹȣܹӵôһط湻ġ
͸Ļֵģľݽ죬ӸߴĻǵķݳͬԲ죬Ҳ˵зݶгһȦһȦԲ
ʲôͻᷢЩͬԲݣһ޴ޱȵĻ˽һһ磬涼ܽʥǿסȻһǲᷢġһ˵


921 ҹ
󣿡ҶСɻĿһû˵󣿻òֻС˵гֹ
ѵֶͻȻ˴ĻнɽǱ߾ǲһΪƣħ
˿µĶֻôûУǵҵľ粻ҶС
㲻֪󣿡һֵ۹⿴ҶС硣
ȷʵ֪ʲôϡģҶС粻ʵ
ûʲôֻǣ˻϶󣬻򵥵󷨡һ˵
㶮𣿡ҶСʵ
ΪʲôҪֻŽҵĽնһУǻ󡣡һᶨ˵
һĻҶСˣһҪߵĳ츳⣬Ҫг֮ԺľܹԿڷܣҪǼᶨᶨһļˡ
һΪᶨˣֻԼеĽ
ڻģĽܿ£һǶ¼ģһżģǶһ·ˡҶС˵
˼˵Ƕģһдܸһ
ѾǱһΣһҷӡԼΪֻú۷ΪǵΪ쾳磬ѹΪǺܶණѹƲסģΧռգǷӡǼսˣѧ˺ܶණĵĽȻģٴһսǻһᣬһһĿƵĿҶС硣
Ǳһξ͹ˡʱΪҲ˶١ҶС˵
ˣǵҵĽٸһҪȻǲԵġһ˵
ûеҶСһһٴδˣǼһΣһΣΪĸ졣
ҶСƲѡ
ʱͻȻ䣬˶ֹͣ˶ԻϵϢһľͷ׮һ㣬һһİ¾ȻҲ˺ҹƱ˺ɫ
ʱֻһӰӺľڷɱ˳ֵͨʱ򣬾ͻأ±Ե˵Ϊߣֻҡ
ӰҶС΢΢üͷӰϲһϤϢ
Ϣ˶Է񹦣ѹһĲܹۻ֮Ĳо
ûдϲʲôԾĵطҶСһ
ûУѵʲôһʵ
ǵģҲЩԾҶС˵Ǹȥȥ
ҶС˵꣬ƶһ⣬һԣڿռ䣬ͨ߸Ϳ
һֱ˽˽һҲݣһλϣƷ˲ˮ
ҶСһվ˶һ¥ϡ
ǲǺϲվڸߴһҶСʵ
վĸԶҶСǺһЦ˵
ˣվøߣˤҲңվڸߴܹһĿȻĿˣǱҲܹһĿȻĿ㣬Ϊӱ˵ֶΣȡһ˵
֪һϲվڸߴΪߴûѹֵĸоߵϣΧĸߴ¥ĸǽ˽УҲϲָоϲҰһҪĸоҶС˵
Сʱһѹȹһ˵
ҶСĬˣȷʱ򣬾۸һֲٱѹȣٱ淴Ծˡ
ڲӰΪܹΪһ㡣һ˵ſڱտھΪ棬ΪҶС繫ƽһսϾҶСڿֻ۷壬ʼվòǺܹƽ
ҶС紦ͬһײ㣬¾ͲᵣĲǹƽһսˣҶСﵽĽײ㣬ôԼûʸҶСһս۷ΪܹԿظ֣ҶСΪﵽľ磬Ǿʥĸֶ赲סҶСĹˡ
ǸʱûȥҶСˣΪʵ̫ˡ
ʱһз˵ע⣬ΪԷǸ֣һΪѾﵽ졣
˺͸ղڵϢһͻȻ䣬ҶСϢˣϵϢѵĲɣҶСɫĿк
黹ҪôԺЩĳֹϵ
з棬ͬƷŲ裬һûб߼ʵ죬ͺǳרźȲһ㡣
һССľٶȴҶСһע⣬ڸзӵʱ򣬵ݸһСֽ֪ʲô
Ƭ̺һзӻڲںȲ衣
Ҷˣʲô˽Ӵȥ꣬ˡҶС˵һ䣬Ȼͷɱȥ
겢ûлľ壬ڴʱʱҵ̣ļҵ̡
ڳһЩҶС綼е㲻ͷ


922 ʧܶ
ҶСȴĲͷ֮ʣ˶վ·Ա߳һ̣ҿ˿ȻһƫƧС·ȥ
ҶСظڶԷߵƫƧ·ʱͻȻ䣬ת˫Ŀбų⣬ߴ˵һѡ
ҶС֪⣬˼˵ɣѾˡ
ôأҵؼ۷ǿ߶ûа취οһССͽλʿǣԷô˵ĻѵʲôĹɣҶС׼Ƕһ˵
ʱҿ˿һξʧƫƧС·ϡ
ҶСһ㶣˲˹ƻ㶼ƭˣԼĹǾԲ˿ģǸղȴ˿ˣԭʹթΨڸ
ʧûãҶСͶԶԶظ󣬹һȥķ\ľķҶС֪ԷϳĿľȥղǸˣûʲôˣҲǴѰҴ𰸵ʱˡ
ҶСȻʧһӳ˶Էʮ״궼ûз֣ҶСĿɫĹâŷʮ׵ķΧҶСǿľȻһ䣬ΧҶСľ򳡡
ϾͨγһصĻþҶСֳһ־ٴһþⲿþһģһĻþþǲ֪н˶ԷͥС
ʵУͣ˫Ŀ岻ͣĴתһãȻô£·ôôڻ߲ͷ
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ʱû߹·Ѿİ˺ܶࡣԹ˵ѾҶСĻþֻǻδ
أڳ׵˽룬ҶСһֶǵһʹãû뵽ʹóЧõġ
ղѾԺв˻þ˲鿴Էļ˵ֱ練ƣҲԷ졣
ǣþŶԷԼ飬ǻһ㣬ҶС͵ŶԷĻ棬һԹߡ
ٺ˺ʱڵһ㣬ļ䵹ŲţͻȻ䣬һ٣ҶС翴һѪɫ۵ӣźɫߣſͷŨѪɫͷ롣
Ƭ̺ѪɫչҲ˹һΪߵ죬֮ǰһ
ĹѾˣҵѪūˣԺ͸š˵ţͻȻ֧飬ͥռ䶼ڻζҶС簵вãϽջؾ
ʱ϶ѪƳһ㣬ԽԽ
ҶСϽ㿪
ءͺըһ㣬徹ȻᱬըҶСһơ
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걬ըʲôûˣ·嶼ޡ
ҶС̾һͷء
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ЩѪҺѪӿмӰ
ʣȫѪҺֻǲ֪ѪҺѪҺѪҺôһǼΪĹҲضǸ֮ˡ
Ȼ䣬Ӱ΢΢һѪɫһԵļȫӿڲΧڴڵѪѾӿѪɫˡ
ڣ¶˵ݣѪɫۣϴźɫߣȻ䣬ѪɫĹâб
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ڣվθߴ࣬˰Ѫɫ֮£ءѪȡ
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ҶС󣬲ûϢΪֶܹоõҶСˡ
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ߣǻط˵ҶС˵˽ȥ
ҶСɫŮ໥һۣ뵽ҶСγȥ޹


923 ͼ
ҶСķڣ\ľӣӹһľǰҶС˫չһ˱ϣĻššҶС˿ûзȵӣһۡ
ûбҪΪνĹضԼҶСǺһЦ˵Ȼһ裬һˮѾˣֲˮȴĽ
ˣҰ㻻һˮˮ岻á\ľӣ˵ȻվС鲽ʩʩȻ뿪
ôʵ
ӦѾµ˰ɣûʲôһջеġҶС˵
ʱ\ľӣ˽ҶСԣҶСһˮȻԹԵĹţһСŮ
ûв´ĻǸӦþǼ޻ҵˣֻǲ֪ĿʲôҶСüͷ˵
ĸˣ࿴ҶСʵһԵ\ľӣҲĿͶ˹
ûпӣһѪɫ۴źɫߣǸӡҶС˵ЩҴӺľһв鿴ļ䣬ϧҳһ˿˵ؼʱ̵ʱǳһըˣû¡
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ţȷʵˣû˵Ѫɫ˻߹ҶС翴ʵ
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ԣѪҺɫǱ塢Ѫȡ׺ݣ˵ĸһҶС͵
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Χһ̸ʱһѪɫۡźɫ֮ˣ˸ղ걬ըֳ
˫Ŀбųâޱȣ˵˾䣬Ӧþطˡ
һֱվ˲ǰ걬ըǰվλá
Ѫɫâ˫ֲͣĻѪɫâ˷Բʮڵĵ档
աѪɫ֮һ֣ΧſѪɫСӵɳۼУһ󣬵ڲСðˣʱγһƹСѪɫԲѪɫҺһֵСӰϸȥĻСӰģըһģһ
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ͣһã촽һδӡ
˫ۣʱ䣬۾ˣųΧĿռ䶼ڲ
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һϵ棬ǲ֪ʲô˵˵ЩΪȴֲͷ¶ˣǻʱȽϳӦ֪һЩ
ţõġҶС˵ͷ
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һһֱڷ𣿡ɻĿҶС磬ѵһȥģ
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һ˽һɫʿ˳ȾߵľǰȻϸϲжϸ
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һû˵һŰֽƮɵľϣǺľڲĵͼ
ҶСһȻǺľڲĵͼͼмͬԲݾ˵һ⡣
ʱֻԼԼĿһţЩŵͼܹ˵ĿǵķŲעĿŵͼϣһɫͷͷǴӺϽ룬ֱ߹հ˹յģӵ˴ڲͬԲһ䡣
ʲô˼ҶС罫ĿͶһ
֪ûʳһ˵
ûʳˣҶСٴʵ
ţŵͼҴõģѾŵͼɨ˳ȥ
һΪŵͼ˳ģôҶСʵ
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ϧˣһ׼ųߵ㡣
㣬ûмϵˣϵõ绰ʼһһҶС˵
Ҳܹ˵ɱɱУܽ˰ɣҶС⻰û˵
֪һֱֱˣοһܹѾǲˡ
ˣͼǸ·ָĵطòǹѺĸĵطɣʱ\ľӣӿ˵
\ľӣӵĻҶС罫ĿͶ˵ͼϣԽԽԽпܣʱһҪľ忴һĳ嶯һ뵽ľ˿˶ûҶСŷˡ
пܾǣŵͼʲôѵ˵뽫ѩӺľ߲ɣҶСɻ˵


924 ħ¼
ҶСĻ˶˼Ǹ˾ʲô
ֻܹӺľڵ˳룬ܲҳһЩ
ˣҾ뽫\ľ֮ìܳ˵ģľ˵ˣ϶ţҪԼĲңǸʱгͻ˵ʵ»˲ء\ľӣ˵
΢΢˼һҶС˵˵ĺе̫ǣǿˣĿʲôѵǺͺľг𣬼ʹгҲӱ÷·Ĵ֮ìܣǣûôһɵ˾˽룬ǵĿûô򵥡
ҲֻеȴͲ鿴ȴ¶šҶСε˵
ȷʵûʲô취Ľѩľ岻׽룬ǸѪɫ֮˭һûУֻܵȴ鿴ЩľˣǵϵĵõʲôҲ˵һ
޹󣬱ԻصԼķ䡣
ڶ죬ҶС۾ͻȻоԼ߻иĶʱһŤͷȥֻһ˯µĺľ۹ԼУϹŵ΢Цһӡ
ҶСһƣСѾͷʲôʱģΪһ֣˶ıң֪
һ˵ֶҲ֪ʹ˯˽ӽʱԻԶСѾͷӽҶСȴûио
ѵΪĵԭ򣿻Ϊ桢˼Ө͸ûһ˿ҶС
ʱƿһµ˽ҶСŰӣл\ľ۹ʱϳ˷ŭ֮ɫ
ҶС磬㡭㡭ôܡ޲磬ȻһСŮ֡ජҶСǳߵ˵
ᣬһ˯һˡҶС˵
Ϊûд·ʵ
˯ûд·ϰߣһֱѵǹ֯ûеҶС練һ䡣
ߡһ֪ԼҶСˣϾղŵһۿ˯һҶС绹Űӵʱ˭룬ҶСĽͣϸķһ£հ\ľ۹ҶС̬ȣҶСķҲ
ʲô£ҶСʵ
ѪɫѾˡ˵ɫΪء
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ʱΪⲻаֻɳһȥնħû뵽ȻΪ˶ԷצǸʱ²˺öʥ֣ŽЩȫնɱѪɫˣҲնɱһսʥ֣Ҳ˺öһҪ£ҪȻһѵ٣ΣҲѪɫˣǻûгɳͱնɱˡ˵
ͨһЩ˵ҪһҪˣѵ飿ҶСʵ
֪ʦ˵ЩֻǿʼѪɫˣûʲôھǵĳָµĶ
˵ǸѪɫ۵˲չԼѪūݺҸʲôҶСƵ˵
֪ϸٵǶԷѪū࿴ҶС˵
δɣǸϽҪԷһεͿ̿ϰܿࡣ
ðɣͺúõɣȡܹ֪ԷıȻѩȳҲ֪ѩôҶС̾һ
ʱҶСоһֻСڸţͷһֻ\ľ۹֪ʲôʱѾˣգŴ۾ĵĿԼǸ˼ҶС粻Ҫġ
ҶСЦЦ谮\ľ۹ԴȺúϢҪˡ
ҶС𴲺\ľ۹ʼҶС½ǣǸСβ͡
ཫҲһһ±壬һħľҪǹˣ£һӵӡ
ҶСǰ⣬ϵʱ򣬳ȥ鿴ʱʲôûв鿴
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ҶС˵һ鿴ľΧ״پûȥ½ɽҲ
ƾɽҲṩĽľȥ鿴ʲô춯ǲѪūԴ걬ը󣬶Էûʲô
ҶС֪ԷûʲôǸӵˣ԰һλ֣˭кܲںεв


925 ʬ
ɽҲʲôˣҶС翴ɽҲһص˽ҶСʵ
ȫˡɽҲµ˵ϻ˾֮ɫ
ȫˣҶСһɻ֪ɽҲ˵ʲô˼
ȥӺľˣʾүүͬǳʮ쾳ĸ֣ÿһҶȥҪǼӵ鱨һֱղţɳȥûл绰ҲͨҾȥԲ鿴һȫˣḷ́ܲȫӡ񡭡Ǳҧһ㡣ɽҲֵ˵
ߣȥҶС˵ץɽҲľǱ߷ɱȥ
\ľڵĵطʱԶɫʿˣǰɫεıǶ\ľˡ
ʱΧںüʬǰüͷ鿴ţмֱӱȥͷǾֺͺ¡
ЩɳȥˡɽҲҶС紫
ҶС˵ͷһ˫ĿһɫâĿȥǱߵһ۵ףֻϺ˵Ǿʬ壬ϵ·Ѿȫ˺ƣƱҰ޵צ˺һ㣬ʬѪģܶطѪΧгӡǱҧѪӣǲϵĴҧˣǲ԰׶ֲǵѪԿԷǱһˣȻҧ˴ҧ壬֮ǰ϶ǾҵģѪҺɶ
ЩʬһѪѾݽߣǵϵļûѪҺЩƶϳˡ
ΪӲϵĴȡѪ˺ҧߵͬʱеģΪʹġ
ֱ̣ǲһԶûУѾΪҰޣֻҰ޲˺ҧˡ
ЩĿĵ˺ۣҶС綼һɺ
ȡѪҺѵѪɫ۵˸ɵģߺѪūҶСòƳ⣬Ҳûбˡ
ҶСٴι۲һ£ΧûԵĴ򶷺ۼ˵ֳֻǸûзѴ֮
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˵ʲôѵ뽫ǵ޻ϣҵìܣüͷ˵
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ү㡭㿴һָŵϵʬ˵
һҶС˼ȥֻЩʬϵѪͻȻ䣬ɱ˹ͷϰһƤľһ㡣
Ȼ䣬ʮʬֱֱͦ𣬺ʬһ㣬Ѫɫâ
һĻʿж
ʲôϽϣɱǡΪ׵˷ŭ˵ȳ֣˫ֺһоһ˫ַֿεһ߳ĸʬ˲ͱֳ롣
ѵ˵Ѫɫħ֮ͳĸʬ£һսûʧĻǾֲ̫ˡ
ʱҶСѾ壬ͷĸʬ綼ӣһѡ
Ŀ⻹Ǵѣѻں棬ʬѾôֲ治֪νĴѸжֲ
ҽһʿһ߸ʬҧ˲ӣѪ˸ʬϣȻ͸˽룬ͺѪҺʬһ㣬ֲޱȡ
ҶСǳ𣿡ɽҲʵеҪҶС綼ˡ
ʮƤͷĸʬıɱˣ˭˶ͷƤ顣
һڲʱ򡣡ҶС綢սĳ˵
ʬҧ˲ӵʿȫѪʧȥ嶼ɱһΪһŷĩڳ


926 
𾪣˼Ϊ𾪣ѵǾ߸ʬȡǸʿȫоͬڲľȡˣĻǾֲ̫ˣȥЩʬʵԽԽǿ
ʱʿѾʣˣоͷ꣬ʮ߸ʬѾʣߣȫնɱ˷ֳ㲿
ʱʣ߸ʬʵ߸ʬĽ˰
ʱⱻ㲿ĸʬȻ˷ĩ֧ŸʬеĪͻȻʧˡ
һҽֻʬץסһʿ壬Ȼһ˱мֳ룬ѪĽ߸ʬԡѪУƤͷưƵ춯һδӡ
һ߸ʬſǰɭɭһҧʿϣһʿ彥ɱͱʬ˵ϱ˷ĩ
𡭡һʿһֵ˵岻Ϻˡ
ˣų򡣡Ϊү˵ķŭĴ˵˳˾޴ѹʵǿĸʬæҡ
ţȥҶСŤͷɽҲ˵һ䣬ȻⲢҶСʴ֮ľͨ˽ĽѩǰĽѩȳ
ҶСһ飬һץһεƾγɣһ߸ʬ˲ͱҶС˷ĩ
ڸʬΪĩʱҶС˫Ŀųʮָ˭Ҳ޷ӳ˿˲ͽ֯һŴľ߸ʬȫС
ε˿߽֯ЩʬϾʱЩʬʧȥȫ˵ȫɢ˿˷ĩ
ҶСУγһɢ޵Ѫɫ壬ת棬޵Ѫɫֱ̺塢̰׺ݵȵȸӵȫҶСˣ̺ͬһ־ӡҲҶСƻˡ
ֻʣѪԴãҶСȻЩͳԣѪɢڿС
ĿһɨֻӶʣѪ˲ԶɽҲ
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һƨСҡһ䣬һʵǿײеĺˣ̫ˣֱΡ
ǲǷԼƨﲻʿ¶һ˿ϷʣͽȻ˫ĿѪɫâųұֵĴĻܻõڣµЩˣһǱ㴦ģ㺦ǵĴڸĹâһͷĴ
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㡭㡭ľɫǺһƬͰ͵û˵һԱԷ˵ˡ
˵û뵽ǲָصǸʱҶСͻȻ˵Ŀһʿ
֪ܣô֪ģʿһ֮ɫҶСܹ³һС
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һԵ\ľᾪֲѣ졢Ѫȣõʵۡ
ණ˾ˣʲôҶС˵һĳɫĲùâ۳һֻ֡
ִҪĳɷĩ
ۿþҪ飬ʱһѪɫâ߿ϣסҶСĹ


927 ռĻ֮
䡣ҵıըȵĴӣ֮ݲݳ˷ĩ
䶨֮ʱһѪɫ۴˳ҶСҰУǿĺ̵ĳǽסҶСĹ
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ǡҶСѪɫ֮ͬʱ˵֡
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ǶҺϤ㾿˭ҶСĶʵϵĲһΪѾ쾳磬Ԩ纣ϢҶС粻òӡ
˭˭֪˭ġѪɫ֮˿Цһ˵Ǳ衢ʹޡ
һϤˣȥаɣҷϵϢҲĹ˵һѪūҶСضѪɫ֮˵
Ŷô˵ҾأѪɫһµӿҶСʵ
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ҶС磬û뵽һʱ䣬㾹Ȼ仯ô࣬˹β뿴˼û㣬̫ȤˡѪɫ¶һ˿ϷʣҶСڿһһ㡣
¼Ļ֮ˣ\ľġջò׵䡷һаɣ㽫¼޻ңʲôĿģҶСʵ
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ǷˣΪ˭ʥ֣ҲһֻѡҶС糰˵뼤ŭѪɫ֮˴пһ˿ߡ
Ѫɫ֮ޱȷŭ˵һ䣬ȫƴǣΰޱȣѪɫâ鲼ȫѪħ
һѪɫâ̺ļµҶСһ˺֮Զ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСʲôһ㣬ɫ䣬ŤͷһֻǵѪɫâ\ľᡣ
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㡭ʲôѪɫǲ˼֮ɫû뵽ѪܾȻһͱҶСƳˡ
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ͬһʱ䣬ѪɫˣɫҲһ䣬浽һϷأ
ƻһѪסãȻȥڷȥʱʿԣʿʱסˣȫήΪƤͷ
ߺ䣬ΪֲϢͻȻƬռ䡣
ӰͻأɫʿǰиɫµıǣǺľʿϢΪѾﵽ˰ʥ硣
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˵ÿһ仰ܳϿңΪһʿԸΪܹٵȻ޶ۣ̫ѾˣͻƵ쾳磬ҶС磬ʱҲؾ磬ҶСһεİһжˣΪһӿԽ˺üΣһжҶСĹ͡
ҶСĸм֮޷
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ҶҪлҶСģҶ˵飬һæþһ鿴ġɽҲᶨ˵
˵ǰɽҲҶСΪһĹϵôԼȫȫİҶС硣
ɽҲûдӾ뿪ˣҪȥտݡ
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ˣǽ·ߵȵһжҾȳѩ󣬰εɣͻỪģǻİȫһľĸо̤ܲʵԼΪ΢ԵʡҶС˵
㲻Ƕʹթʵ
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һڣһӰһţ˱ڵ˻û˯һɳϣűֽͻȻһӰ˿С
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㾡콫תƳʱ䣬첻Ը˵꣬Ӱʧˡ
ʱܽҪúüƻһκεĲüͷ˵


929 ˮ
ˮݴڽһ徲ƫƧ·Σ˵·һܺãǣȴǡǡ෴ˮſڣͣ˺ܶСγɲƳȥһϰҵĳ
൱һйרõС䣬ڻȪʩƣװ޾ű£һȥһַĸо
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ҶСһ²㣬Ȼ˽ȥſͷӭС㣬ֻҪп˽ľϹ
һȥһ޴ãҶСûʱȥоĲ֡װޣ֪˹̨ǰ棬һŮӴԱ׼ѯҶСǲѾԤԼҶСߵ̫ˣǸûиϡ
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һԵԱ𾪵ĿһĻĵؿҶСһۣ¶˳֮ɫϹҳһ˿ɬĺΡ
Ǹľ棬˵Ȩ˳ҡҶСƣ˵
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ˡһһֲ©˵˵ܽ˷䡣
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СҶС絭˵һ䡣
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Ҳǲԣǣô֪㲻ƭأԷ侲˵ղȷʵʧ̬ˣΪջò׵䡷̫Ҫˡ


930 ĽѩƵ
ѡšҶС絭˵
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ѩˣǲҪڻ˵ǰʲôѶҪǿҪޣֻǰޣңһȥġ滨ҶС簲ο
һĽѩһᣬҧ촽˵С磬㣬Ҳޣڻǰޡ
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ҼӵǺľ塶ջò׵䡷ǸˡҶС˵

Ǻľ帽ģѪɫۡźɫߣѪɫǼ峤Ӧ˵Ѫɫˡ
ֲãԭսǡ
ǣǼüȫնɱˣһ䣬ǼڲѾ˱ˡҶС絭˵֪ĽѩںľĿǰǰȫѪɫ˴ˣǾͲˣ֪
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ǻȥģС㣬һʱ䣬ǸԷ˵һ䣬ȻرƵ
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ҶС罫⼸췢飬һֲ©˵һ顣
ŷǧ˵ҲµĲѪɫ˾ϤˣҪǾȳĽѩݵǴҪġ
ԷȻ˺ľڲĵͼҪĽѩȻһֿܣõľĳһô˶ͺľⲿϵ˰㽫кľҪӵܵһ飬һֵģʱǽĽѩȳҪľ侲ȻѰŵͼĺ壬ǧҪ⣬ţȥľ帽ţʲôҲܹǰ֪


931 ŷǧ
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áһ붼ûʹӦ
Ǹ˵ߡ˵ţҶС˫Ŀбųɫâ
һҵ΢΢һһӣһһɽ𣬻ͷҶСһۣҼˣϻ͹
õģллˡҶС籧С۹򷿼ȥ
ղһֹܲҶСһ
ղҶСһΧһþѪɫ֮˹ʱһĻҲһߵʽͬʱҲһγɣ
һ̽˺ü̽һһ
ҶСϵɽҲ˽\ľӵܵ˶ҳԼӣܹѪɫ֮˿еģ붼ǺӵܣҪȻû˵Ȩǰ׷


932 ٰ
Ͼŵӵʱһ߽ҶСķ䣬һɫ߷ľϣһ仰û˵תߡ
˲ú\ľӣӾ˽ݸҶСһѪɫۡ
ַƵģҶСɻʵǵ\ľӣӺͻˣȻûгȥҲû߱Ȼ۲ġ
ţϢй¶ȥ\ľӣ˵
鲼Ҳ˳õİɣҶСЦЦʵȻ\ľӣѾ뵽Ϣܹй¶ôһҲ뵽˲Ҳܹ
\ľӣӲ˼ĵ˵ͷ
Ҫһ·ȥҶС罫еĺľ۹\ľӣӡ
ҶС罫ԴȻźɫߣǸ˵ɤʵô
֪ûмǸˡ\ľӣҡҡͷ
ˣԼо࣬ǶԷıҵĿ࣬Ҳʲô£ʱһɢҲжϲҶСϴЦݵ˵һӡ
ڶ죬ҶСûţȥĴ䣬Ҳǲȵ̣ϤϤطϵʱжںľ忿½һĳڴѰѪɫϢˣϢˣ붼ǶԷѪūʲôûз֡
ҲûڣҶСﲻʲôæεȥġ
ϴԼʮһʱҶС绹ںľĳڴֻ绰ɽҲģ϶ʲôҪ飬ҶС˸䣬ʧˣһֵϣ˵绰
ҶСǷһˣ\ľԭǺľĺӵܣ׺ľ峤ΪΪ΢𣬺ľ嶯˺ܶҩΪŴﵽؾ磬ûʲô⣬һӾؾΪˣǼ˷һ˲䣬ͻȻ䱬ǿƣ˺⣬бҪ˵һ֮⣬зּˣǶûôԡ
ãлл㣬λϾҶСһչź߱ɱȥһ˵
ɽҲҶС˵һַ
ҶСҴҸ˻ȥѪɫ۴źɫߣȻ󣬾ɽҲ˵ǸطȥҶСߺûжãһҲֱ˹ȥ
ҶСˣǰɽҲָ⣬һʽı˵
ʱվһ¥ϣһһĿȻ
СԺû\ľԭӰҶСӦһ£ԷʱһУüͷ֪ʲô
ȥע۲ΧĶʲô쳣͸ҡҶС絭˵
ˣҶСɽҲ˵ҶСӿѪɫó˺ĵߴϣһʧˣƴûгֹһ顣
ʱһУһµ\ľԭüͷ壬ø糿ҪĵŮӴȻڲѾ˺ܶӦĲ㣬ΪЩӦΪ̫ˣΪߵҲؾ磬Ȼ۷塢ʥȱȽǣȻ˵Щƽʱжȹѱǲᷢʲô
ǰ˼͵֮߿϶УѵҪǽĵŮƭɣֻôˣʲôأѶֻʧһ˵ѪūɣҲֻҪˡ
ʱͻأ䣬ûκεףһӰǰԷѪɫ۴źɫߣɢϤı塢Ѫȡ֮ħһˣӸµĿڸܿܿ
ӰȻҶСٰѪɫ֮ˣУǹ۲һ\ľԭȷʵɢźѪɫһϢҶСѾȷˣ˾ǶԷѪū
\ľԭһӰ˻ǺˣĽˡ
ôҶСװʵкֱѪɫ֮ûʲô
ˣѾˣȥ졣\ľԭ˵
ҶС粻˵һ䣬թȡõϢû뵽ԷȻı
ŶҶСר˵һѰζҶ˵¶ʲôߡ
ˣұ׼üһŮӺͻŮ͵ѻŮӴֺ²ףеĸַˣ뵽һõķһѪūѪūǼˣŮӶҪֻŮӳ󣬲ܽһѪūЩѪūż߳ʱѣ˳ͿԽŮӴˡ\ľԭ˵
ȷʵҶСа
ҶСʴ֪Ѫɫ֮˻ʲôƻ
ʱһѪū¼ֻͨ÷ħʯܹӦ˵λãѪūѪҺӣ˿ԣһѪūŻȡ÷ħʯʱ򣬼ȿԵõҪĶܹҶСͺľìܣʱ˾ͿԿһϷˡ
\ľԭļƻҶСһ䣬Է˵Ļ϶ΪľѾĽѩˣԻıʲôֶΡ
\ľԭǸ˲ţǻ۲СѪɫеλò͡


933 õƻ
ƻȷʵ⡣
÷ħʯʲôѵеļƻΪֻΪĻҲûбҪԼȥ
һϷͻȻ䣬Ѫɫ˵˶ߣѵֻԭ
֮кܴĳԹǣŹκδҡ鷳ĻᣬҶС
ڵһмƻѾ֪ˣԽƾͼƣȽĽѩȳȻĸʲô÷ħʯˣѪɫ˿޶޲
ܺãռƻ£㽫°úһΪҶСװѪɫ֮˵˵ʱһˣֻŲöԷɡ
ллˡ\ľԭ˵̧ͷʱҶСѾʧˣмݡ
Ǵҵĳ裬Ϊ֮ʱһǳġ\ľԭǺݶ֮ɫ˵ǶԺľĳޡ
Ϊ΢ܵżۣһֱĬĬţΪԷʵ⣬Ӵ˺о˵иֹƣʲôսıΪϲߡ
ҶСߵʱ򣬱\ľԭһкһ뵽Ѫɫ˵Ŀ̬϶˴кģ뿪
ҹעǸ֮ҹҶС»ص¥ϵʱһѾվ¥ˡ
ҶС罫Ѫɫۺߣȫȥ¶һɫװ
ҶСʲôɽҲĿҶСʵ
ţζл㣬\ľԭһ㡣ҶС˵ϲ⡣
Ŷôһ£࿴ҶСʵ
ҶС罫ľȫ˵˳ȥ
ǵȫƻӣǸ\ľԭѪɫеĵλͣӦǳ䵱žһĽɫҶС˵
ǵļƻݶһʹ֪ĽѩǱԷץˣҲᱨ\ľ壬ʱͻͺľͬˮҾöԷĳ޺ôɲɱô򵥣ܾ裬һܼ򵥣ѵǣľһ൭˸Žɫâ˵
ҶСĿ࣬û뵽Ҳôǻ۵ʱ
»ҪλæҶС˵
һֵǵĻ÷ħʯ϶ǲʵģ»˶\ľĶ񽻣ֵܣ࣬Ůѵ飬ҪˣʱʱĻһϣȻ󷵻ȥû÷ħʯҶСһЦŽƻĹâ
˽⵽ıֶĿУȷʵЩǻ۵˿Լ趨Ĺߣֱһܡ
û⡣һڴӦ
ԡһϧҶС綼ǲеĽ޵˶ģһӣŲѩӣҲӣԶԣл΢һ㡣
ףˡҶСĿһĨɫâͬʱȫϢɽҲһϢҲһڵѪҺƲһ㣬˹壬ҶСӣһҲ׷׽״̬
֪ȻɫģôضѪΪУǲƻԷˡ
ȻһѪɫˣƿնٶȼ죬Χ鿴һȻŷ˽ȥֿԿԷĽ
ʱڵ\ľԭϸоƻĸϸ⣬ѾƻĲˣһСʱƻͿԽˡ
ͻأ䣬쵽ЩԾΪеӰͶϣ\ľԭŤͷһֻһѪɫ֮˳ǰ
ˡ\ľԭĽһЩɻôлˣ
ʲôʱʼжѪɫʵ
賿һ׼ʱжˣҽƻгˣҪһ𣿡\ľԭʵĵԭ˻жʱģһ
Ѿ֪ˣúøɣҲģʱľ嶼ġѪɫ֪˵֪˵˼ǣղĿһɨѾȫˣ\ľԭΪǸղԼĻ
ллˡ\ľԭٴθм˵һ仰иж֣ӵľ壬ζҪĶֻΪˣҪΪŵ\ľ嶼ģбж༤ˡ
عʱѪɫѾʧˣһЩĽ˾ˣӰȥ١
һõ¥ϣҶС˿Ѫɫ˷ߺ󣬲ûжǶһԼӵʱ䣬ѪɫӰͻأֳ˱ΧĿѪɫâȷʵûŷĵķȥ
˺þãжѪɫˣȫ֮ǲŻָ
ô֪һͻ಻ĿҶСʵղѪɫˣշȥһ׼ҶСֹסˣҶС紫лȻˡ
ղʱ򣬾ܹԽȻȥʱûв鿴ΧԸ񣬸Ͳˣ³һҲûйҶС͵
һΪ֪أԭҲǲ²ġ˵


934 ƻʵʩ
ҶСղΪʲôɱɽҲҶСʵ
ʵǿȻ˵Ķ֣ǣҪɱЩףοԷѪɫ˭֪Էûʲô֣ǲܹðǸգοΪľעҶСŻ۹⡣
ĿҶСһۣû뵽ҶСĻ֮ˣȻܽеĺǲ򵥡
ԭҶСޱȡɽҲҶС繧˵
Ǻǣ˭ܹõɽҲҼʲôҴ绰ǧľǱߣΪڻ̫ͣȥ˵Ļ֣ǾͲˡҶС翴˵
ˣҶСɽҲ˵
ߡҶС翴˿һ˵ȻȥҪжǶԷ뿪ľλãҪȻֳˣѪɫץסĽѩôĽѩҲΣˡ
ûӵʱ䣬һ˺ľ͸ĻıԵ
һԵĵƽϸߣһɽ֣ʱ˾վɽֵϣ鿴źľԵһж˵ľԵķ֮һķΧܿʲôǿԼʱĸϵ
˾ĵȴš
һСʱʱ󣬺ľڲͬԲڵ⣬߲㣬һľڣһܴɫʿӣ˫һѪɫâղѾյһϢԼڲѹƵϢȫſҲ˵Ѿһöӣֻûа˸֮ɫ˫Ŀз͸¶˿ȣͺһʵͽһ㡣
ˣԼģܵġ
ǼΪµĶһĳֶƫִͻһֿȵĳݣеƫִǾ֧š
ӹŵЩ⽨ڽ֯ǹҴĶΪǹƻģľ˵ľ
˫ĿõѪɫâųͬʱѪƣһѪȡ񱩡ײеϢڳ˳ھͺ̺һֻħ
ȻǹϢʧڵľȫѣͬ඼ܵ˲̶ͬȵˣϽվ͵͵߳˷䣬Ǳжȥ
ЩôģľݵĻ˿϶ỳǲǹ˵һϷȻ͵͵һΪ¶ܣ׼ӳȥ
ųԼƵһ̣ΧܶأأǾصĸֶ˹
ʱҶС罫Ѫɫ˵\ľ˺ǾͲϣ˶ԷɳԺжôĿֲ浱ȻѪūϢȵ˽ЩϢȫݸ˾ӢӵܣЩӢӵһ˾ͼʱ֪ͨ塣
ҶС˵ڼ֮£ҲˣϾҶСƭûʲôôǣǲ鿴һʲôûв鿴ֻ˵Էصĺ
ڲǹϼصϢôܲȥ鿴أ
ʮ쾳ĸ֣˹󣬷пһˣѪҺѪҺɢ塢񱩵ϢʣǷеڼ顣
׷϶ûԶһΪؾ˵
һȺ׷˳ȥǳȥʵ̫ƴˣ½½˵ע⣬ϢҲ׷׷ȥϾڲһöڲ˭ߡ
һʱ䣬ʮ׷ꡣ
ıߡ
׷׷
ܲˡ
죬ÿ˵ж¶˷ܶչâ˷ܹܵץסܵˣյǼڲȻڼ飬̫ˡ
ܣҿܡǰһؾĸֶǰ漱ǰе˵
ֻһ
ſһεΧĿռһƵӣȻ˿˿Ľ̶
ৡʮŮΧм䣬ղųֵؾߵǰĿĳ
ȫѣ𣬿ڵģô塢񱩵㶼ǲˡ˵
Ѫūɣ
û˵ֻǵĿһۣ֣Χˡ
ΪһԱΪʲôҪѼ塣ؾĸʵһɣǿԿһ
еһԱʲôʱҵǼеһԱˣʱҳȥǰ˽ȫˣҵֻЩи˵ļеһԱҸ˺ܶ񣬵ǼʲôԴȫԼĶģҵʲôūҲǼĺһӣūͣļ廹ʲô˼ޱȷŭĺе
仰Χܶ˶ͷܶ鶼ģָǵʱǽתָΪ͵Щˣ˽ĵغõģһ󲿷֣һ㣬ĵزõģȫߣΪ͵ˣȲϡ
Ǽ壬ڲĻ븯ࡣ


935 ڼĽѩ
Ȼ׺ݣҹƽһûʱΪΪӴ˺ֻҪ˳˵Ϊͻ᲻ϵΪһΣڼУûУļ壬еۣĺҾԼľż֪ǻˣҲڡ˵Ǽᶨ
ǾҲڣΧкľһӵܸоϻģͺǱ˺ݺݵһơ
ǿһֻҪ˵֮˭ĸһ˵
Ҳ֪Ҳ˵ġҡҡͷ˵
ѵͲΪĸĸǿǣ
ϳһĨ֮ɫĬ
ô㶼˵ģ㿴ͣɢһΪѾˣֻҪʹʹĽһж˵һ㸸ĸһЩԴ㿴ôԥָϽȴ˵
˵ģ
ģҪȻֶ֪ģʹ㲻˵Ҳͥжȡļ䣬Ҳʹȥ˵
ðɣ˵˵Ҳûʲôá˵
˽Ͽܻ帽鿴ýŮӴȥգҪȻ¼پûлˣŮӺʲôô˵ģѾ˵ˣ֪ǲҵģֻҪǵøղŴӦҵ顣˵꣬ͺ˫Ŀ
áĸɫһ䣬һǰһȵڣԾ޼£ϵʧȫɢ˳ȥٸɱ񣬺ʧȥˮһ㣬һ䣬ͻΪһѳ
һĻɫúѿ
Ƕˣǰˣӽ쿪ʼٸ˲ɼȥնɱҲУаʥĸ֡Ŀ˵
ˣүΧе
үڽŮӴȥǸĻ֮𣿡ʱȺһΪؾʵ
ȵţȥͶŮӵ飬һֱǶ縺ģοЩǾùԷǰʥ֣ǻȫնɱ˵彥ģ뿪ˡ
ͬԲݵһľſڣֵӰţ𣿡
ľڴһʵ
߽󣬹ԹԵĹһľǰľһһеغŲˮ
̫ڼһдڵ㶼֪ˣ국ʵ
֪ˣһŬȥõģиõĲ֡\ľ̫ᶨ˵
Ǿͺã¾ͽˣղǵĻҶˣ᲻ǶԷıأƽ˵
ǲǶԷıǶҪһԣֻҪоԵʵο㲻˵ֵΪֻҪжͼλڣֻҪԷǼҾһܹץס\ľ̫˵
û˵ֻƷŲˮһ˵˵ûǲǶԷıǶҪȥչ˺ίǻڰиţʮӦùԸһЩСˡ
ţ磬ǲǿϻǸŮˣȷʵúƯʡ\ľ̫գһ۾ϹЦʵ
ϲܹôֻҶС硣ԳһЦ
ѵͲȵõˣʱġ\ľ̫ƻ
֪ǲµģϽȥ׼국˵
ˡ
\ľ̫ߺƷһڲˮҸôأ
˵ʧˡ
ʱɽϣҶС˾ĵȴţǺƺɽеľΪһ壬Ͳֱ˴ˡ
\ľ˻ʥ֡ͻȻ䣬ҶСЦһ
Ѿˣɻʵʲôûо
ţѾˣԶ˺ľԵӣԷǸƻѾʵʩˣߡҶС˵ȻʧˣһظҶСľûжֺؼûɢ
ʱ˾ľ͸Ļһǧ׵ĵطͣһɽһǴ󺣣ɽʹ󺣸һʥ֣͵ǵסܵ·ߣҶСС
ҶСһΪԽսԼ嶼ƿصķǳиû˷ֵˣǹ֯еˣóľϢʥָͷֲˡ
ҶС񹦹ܹоĲҪȻܶҲֲˡ
ʥֵϢֻҶСһܹܵõ˵λöתˡ
ʱ͸Ļ΢΢һȺ˳ҶС缤ȺڵĽѩˣʱ㲣ҼҶСʹޱȣһֱӳȥ˵ĳ嶯ջסˣڳȥĻܹȳĽѩͬԼɥڲǳ嶯ʱ


936 Ѫɫ
ҶСƽӣһҶС̲ס֣ʱһսǱģҺҶС绹סˡ
ʱʮľһĳԱһĽѩ͸Ļ߳˳
ǿȥĽѩĳ嶯ҶСһȺˣг֮ɫʵʮУصĸˣظˣ˶ؾģȻؾˣҲֻ߰ѡ
ȻⶼҶС𾪵ģҶС𾪵ʮУʮŸ϶ɢźѪɫһϢ
£ֱ̫ˣľһܶ־ȻǸ˲֪Ѫū̫ˡ
治֪ѪɫʲôʱʼԺľ͸ġ
ζԷôȥĻֱһѣҶС綼·𿴵ѪūĻ档
ѵѪūûһеģҶС뵽ҪȻ½ľΪ͵˶Ѫū
ѪūҲãܹͻȻҶСһ쵽Զһɵ
ĿһɫâֻұߺķжɫƮаһѪɫˡ
ˣҶС
ʱľ˾ʮ㣬ǰʶչ֯״鿴ΧһУǵĽǰҶСغˣеʥҲǰ֪ڼſڣѪɫ֮˿϶֣˭ɵںľſڶ֡
ǰ߳һҶСͻȻüͷĵԣһû˼
ѵǣҶСĿбų⣬ˣΪβԾˣղŷֵѪɫ֮һǱˣȻҶС綼ܹ뵽װѵԷ벻
ֲоԷǹϢԣǱ˵ĻһǷǳģһ־ըը˵ĸо
ҶСĴ˿ûзʲôһûˣҲǣƻؼ\ľһжΪ˵ȴ˵ĵ
һСģֺܻܿüѪɫˣȲҪ֡ҶС˴
㣬ֶһѪɫˡ࿴һͬѪɫ۵ҶС˵
ҶСԺһһԼͿĿˣѪɫҲһжϲԼǲѪūˣһȳĽѩ͸аˡ
һСʱʱ䣬ʱľѾʮˣһƬ޽ĽȺȺ滹кö๤ڸ޽
ҶСûȥ¥ϣǳ˺ľеһ࣬Ҳʮ׵ľ룬һ˲ʱ䣬ûаôľ벻֣ҶСаգϢҲȫڸס
ǰ״ǽȺˣСĶǰĽȺ
ͣ¡ǰ\ľ̫˵һͣǶĿܡ
ʱҶСҵϤĲɲûڽȺ棬ڵ£ǵľڵ£ڽȺһ·£ǸһｫԼ˵£ȷʵһ÷ҶС粻ɵĵ
ǰһʮ׵ĵ£֮⣬ѪɫˣǶǼٵģڽ¥ڣЩҲҪע㣬ǶǶԷˡҶС˴
Ϊ˴ӺľеõĽѩĻ֮ɷѿģóô֡
үôˣһʿʵ˲Ѫū
϶ΪԷǽȺСһʿ˵Ѫū
Ҫȥ𣿡һΪѾﵽؾʵ
\ľ̫üͷ˼һɫᶨǰעܡ
ϣȻǰȥ
ҶСϸĲ鿴Ľѩ˸λİ˸ˣһǾظ֣ǰأ˾Ϊؾ֣һظ֣ؾĸֶѪū
棬ҶСһЦõĺľ徹Ȼ͸ֵزǿЦ
һֵܣ˵ʥֻ᲻֣ҶСһͬʱĶ
ӦòᣬʥѾˣǶǱּĸ֣һչؾǼʮ꣬ǰ꣬еһǰʥصĸִٳ֣ΪҪͻƵʥȻҲһʥ־Ȥ˵Ҳϣֿܷһ˵
ҲϣҶСص˵
ʱѾ˽ڣҶСվߵǽڸǲʮףΣյ򰡣
ʮסʮסʮסˣѪɫ˽ˣҶСҲԽԽˣʱ׼Ŷ֡
ڶѾ̤˶ԷͷҶС羪ȵǶԷûжֱ֣龭û˶֡
ҶС绹Ǻܽţҷɰ֡
ǣһƿȻͨһܹ
ǴӶͷϴġ
˶Լͬ棬ֻҶСһ˽ضŶԷڵǴ档


937 שҲ
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װŮӡؽͷ죬ѧãһеıԵܹеĶ븯ࡣ
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еصĸ֣˵ظǶΧѪū赲סˣ赲Ѫɫˣһȴԡ
Ѫɫٶȿ죬ҶСٶȸ죬ƴ״̬˺ܴãƴԽ˿ռƣﵽߵļޣȻĽѩߣԭ˻вӰ
Ľѩһ˲ͣʱ䣬־һƣȵӿƬеѪɫһͨ
Ѫɫˣִ֮䣬û׼ϽǰһѪɫâͬʱӶȭͷ
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ҶСһӾͷȥٶȿ쵽˼㣬ߵķǺ棬ĺһĿȻܹûǿ߷ҲǴ˳棬ϾҶС粻֪ǱߵȺǷŸ֣ͨΪõ·߾ȺȺʵ˲ģǺΪȫ
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939 רŵȴ
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ʥݺݵҧ˵һǺޱȡ
أǺľҲ̫޳˰ɣǰŮѴӻһֱܵǺľ壬˵ʲô˾ͻŵҵŮѣƨǽãҺòװŮѾ˳ҽûвɣҶСеǹȷй˳
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һΣ߸˵İһŮˣͰˣԷȻôûнȥǿҵܵ˴֮һƽŮĳ⽴
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ҶС˿ûгԾĿо츳򳡿ʮ׵ķΧʥֵɲǼ
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һޱȣ˶óȫҶСɫĳãѪɫ۵ʥͷƣһޱȣüëбӣǱ
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ȵβϣֲƲһӣҹУâãϵǳҪá
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ΪܹұƵֵزѾˣһһһˣĴһ˵λ÷Īʥһ˵Ŀɭնɱһ֪ܣնɱһͷӾԻƴΪһǼϣϳһĴС
ʥȷʵڵҲǶ֡һɫ԰׵˵һȻתߡ
Ϊʲô赲ǣʥֳ
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һʥսʱƵѪɫ˺ʥαװ˺ͺľİʥǵսҲβ


942 սĻ
Ѫɫ۶һģһһʼѪɫܹ֮ͰʥԿЩѪԵʣѪ̺ͺǲҩЩѪɫԽԽϵƽء
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ǺһսİʥһѪֲԼĻǱ˵ġ
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Ҳǣ̤ʥҾͲһô廹ûл֪ûнŮ׷\ľ̫Ŵ󺣵ķ˵
̫ԻŮӶˣֻҪϲȥףǺľӵܹ컯
ѾˣҶС磬ΪҲֲܿԸ⣬ܲǿˣһȶ֪ˡ\ľ̫˵ʧ䣬ò׶һλŮӶ飬û뵽ŮѾˡ
ʲôˣֱĻǴӺͼ˶սİʥ˵ġ
֪οһôѵҪֲʵȥ\ľ̫һ䡣
ҡ⻹Ϊ㡣ʥһ䡣
һᴦģȥǰȴɣһЩҪˡ\ľ̫˵Ȼǰȥ
ʱãã󺣣һƬڣҶ沨ӿûֹͣһɫӨȻһƬɭƾճ˺棬һܣˮȼһŭ쫷γɣк裬һ䣬ѩ£Ƭ򶼱ˣλžӣƳһ
ҿһô㡣ʥ͸¶˷ܵɫþûô˹ˣƾնһöҫ۵ĹâƱųռ䶼Ʊֳ롭
ƣָҶСһһָӿһɫĹââٱ䣬Χнơ̡ǳ졢ơࡢϣɫĹâѭƳһȦɫâС
ָ츳ߵԼܽϵĹЩڸղŵսġ
һʼߺ츳ߵĹҶС裬ˮǳں
â󣬶ͻȻһӴϸ
䡣ָ໥Կ˾춯صĴըâ飬ָųָâҲ
ҶС屻Ӵ˺ˮУʥ嵹˳ȥ˺һ룬һ˳ƽվںϣǱһؤ΢΢սֵزڵ˲٣Ҳˡ
ҶС˺棬ϵĺɫѾǲˣͷҺģɫ԰ޱȣϵĵۣͬˣҲָܹ
ʥֹȻֲһսʹ죬һҶС˵һΣΪ˺üӰӣ˷ɳ۶ȥ˸жϲǸǼٵġ


943 غ߱
ôС䣬ô͵ΪȻܹˣǸһˣѵĵ߶ôʥ˵˷ҶСҲûȥ׷֪ԷҪܵĻ׷һ궼ûʲô
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ûҶСնɱҶСڵʵնɱˣοеڴҶС˰ʥʱǲܹնɱʥ֡
һ콾ڷҲһҸ顣
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˶ںһɺϵҶСܵʥϢԶȥһ˫ĿָΪ
߱һѪһԺڣȻŷȥߵУࡢ\ľӣӡĽѩǰ
û°ɣüͷʵ
û£ûлһһ䡣
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˵꣬ƿߵƽ̨£š
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ʱĽѩǵģûʱȥҶС֮ìˡ
һԺڵĵңһѪɫˣ˫ĿͨޱȣһѪ֮Ⱥ˳
ҶС硣бų֣ܺãС㣬ȻһѪ˳綼ҪֻġѪɫ˺ݺݵ˵һ˫ѪɫԹ֮ɫ
һû䣬ֻҪܹõ÷ħʯӮң̤ʥǵˣյлصëȻЦ
ľ岻Զ棬\ľ̫ʥֿԶĺ澲ĵȴţ˵Ǽؾʿص˼壬Ͻظơ
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ΪѵܶԿʥɣ۷ΪԿؾˣѾǼˣҿѾնɱˡһʥ˵
һǾ֪ˡ\ľ̫Ŀ⸴ӵ˵ڴʥܹĽѩȻҲڴܹҶСնɱһܹһݣĽѩҶСˡ
ͻȻ䣬˶ǷʲôĿһˡ
ǵҰһСˣһģӰɱ˹\ľ̫ɬһЦվûн룬ܹôǸûǻɱġ
ֻ˲䣬ҶСսʥͳǰ˵ӺʥһȵӣôӣһʥķȶûУ
˵ɫŹϵļⶼ˳飬˵ǣ㶼ʲôӣǻҪǱؤ
壬ô\ľ̫ʵ
ˣǸСӾǸ̬ʵ̫׺ˣǲ֪Ƕ˲֪жٻغϣһƬʼնģˮӿؤһİʥüɫĽһ˷ܵӣҺɽ˿ûע⵽˵ԽԽѿ
˵һ䣬ⳡսҴţʹȥˣҲûбҸõؽ
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ϻȻˣҪȻҲڱˣãܵһ㡣˵ʥһ⡣
ʥһģϺݺݳƣһðʥĸֱһ۷ĸִˣ⣬ʲôģǶ˶ˣ֪߳ܡ
ƷǸƷ
壬ѵ𣿡\ľ̫ɫѿʵ
裿ʲôģ˷ܻˣǲ֪սжôļҡ
壬ǻȻȥˡʥҪϲĽҶСľʴ򶷣ֱȥˣ\ľ̫ϽĻ
ƫƫλ˿û־򣬡ãˣƺ˺ٸǽһսһս̫ˡǱߣȵҡ
ʥҪʼˣһҪײǽĳ嶯ˣ滳ǲǺľˣһ۷ս˻˷ܣټ
ʱŮڿѾһϣѾ𣬺ƽѤϼ⣬ֻ˶û˼ȥľ¡
Ľѩһ԰ף˫ֽգӨָ׶Ҫĵˡ
ǵã̯ƵʱҶС˵ΪԸ⸶Լ
仰֮ԱǣΪҶСΧŮ̫ˣҶСĻ
һ죬ˣҶС˵ĻȫģΪҶСĿԸԼ
ĿѾ֪˫ʵޱȡ
ֻҪСܹŻҾͻԭٲˣĽѩСԽҰס
ǵˡʱһϤˡ


944 Ľѩ
ĽѩȥֻһӰ˿ſڣҶС磬ɫ԰ףɫĳѾˣǵۣܹ˰̵˿ڣкںɫӲ衣
ĽѩʹޱȣҶСϵĵۿһ㡣
һ㶼ûб䣬ΪԼϧȥðգŲ԰㿡ʵûǵֻǧ׺ɣ궼ˡ
һ뵽ҶС߻ôŮӣɵᣬԼ֪ΪζᣬԼίǶҶС粻ȥĸж߶аɣ
ԲίˡҶСһĽѩǰӵ˻УǸ⡣
⻰ĽѩиǸжˣ仹еʹˣ˵ֻһˣԣŮƣˣΪЩŮˣԸ֣Ը˺Լ˵ԼİȫˣѪĹĵһ鲻ΪԼˣȸǸûչ˺ίˣ˵ģϣ˵ĸж
뵽Ľѩǲϵ˵Ů˵ĹȻ٣ˮǶࡣ
ˣԣڿ޾ͳСèˡҶСֻɾ֣ΪĽѩȥϵۣȻһǿ޵ñ˵ǡ
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ѩԲ𡣡ҶСε˵һ䣬ΪԼŮ̫ĽѩǸġ
ĽѩȻ֪ҶСʱΪʲôǸ΢΢Ĭһ˵ȲҪ˵ȸѪһ¡
ҶС˵ͷһ̾Ľѩӱ⣬ȻΪĽѩ˵Ĺϵһ£ǣĽѩŮӵ⻹ûеõĽѩֻԼЩѡ
ĽѩˮеëšɣޱҶСϲš
۲ۣĽѩĿҶСʵ
ھͲۡҶС˵
ĽѩһۣҶСϴ廻ˮҶСϲĽѩҶСɫ˵ѿҲɣҲˡ
áҶСûԥѹˣֻʣһãһЦָڿʵҪҪڿҲˣ
ãǶûˡĽѩϽҡͷ˵
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ڿû˿ڡĽѩҶСһۣȻ׼ҶСϵѪ
Ϣһ£ɣ㿴۾жѪɫú˯һĽѩ㲵գҶС۵˵
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ò˵ҩˮͦõģ̺ŵǿҩˮҶСĹͬŬ£˿ڸϸȫųѪ衣
ɴˣ㿴ҵ˿ѾˣȺúϢһ󡣡Ľѩ׼ȡɴҶС˵ȻĽѩϣӵĽѩ˯
Ľѩľ°ȥѾʮʱˣĽѩûϢãҶСĻУһ˯ˣ˯Ӻܿɰü΢лŲĵ顣
ĽѩӣҶС΢΢һ̾ͷ۲ѣһҲ˫ĿΧ֮ҶС£˹ë׽룬˲ͱ޸ڵơ
賿ʥսʱѾˣҶСһڲֹס͸Ͻ˻ҲĽѩġ
ҶСһһҹѹʱ򣬻еĽѩѾˡ
һһҹڲѾ߰˳ɣҲָ˵ɣϵЩѪѾûһۼȥûһ㡣
Աһ·ģҶС绻ϣ˳ȥǼѾ˿ڳ㣬һҲڿС


945 ÷ħʯ
ƺûУҶС˳Ľѩĵʵ
õģѾˡҶСЦ˵
硭\ľ۹䵽ҶС˵۾һգһգģ
ҶСС۹ԴȻУΨһŮ͸ҶСʢ˷ˡ
ƺ˺һսʱһ˵һĨ˷ܣڰʥ룬һսʵںҶСһսѾȴʮˡ
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⻰ҶСŷ
ǵƻûУҶС翴ʵ
ѾƻˣʱԳĸֲ٣ȥʱҪСġ˵ûΪһ˵ƻʮ˽⣬Ѿ֪һһˣ³⣬ʲô飬ģʹ֪ǵļƻһҲ˵ʲôûйҵƣֻн
жٸ֣ҶСʵ
ؾˣؾˣصĴʮ߰˸ˣ˶ǸңЩߵʮңЩ⣬оǹе֣ǵ٣Ͽ˲ŲǧˡΪҶС˵һϵе鱨
ǧˣҶСüͷȷʵЩ࣬ٶҲûʲôЩҪĻǶĸ֣ٶҲûãȻҲҪиޣиǧ˵Ļ۶ˣǴﵽʥ
ã֮ǰһҪȰһ飬÷ħʯûУҶС翴һʵ
÷ħʯһüҡҡͷ
ûҿȥʦʦڱչء˵
Ѿ˵ǵļƻѪɫ˵Ŀǻ÷ħʯֻǲ֪÷ħʯʲôȻҰѩҺβҪĻ÷ħʯõ֣ʹһӡҶСĿź˵
ûᱨȻΪߵûѵ
ı°ѩʼҾ֪һʶĵˣȻǵˣ϶ᱨģòû÷ħʯοֻҪСĵ㣬Էһ֪˭ҶС¶һ˿ƻ΢Ц
ô˵һսҪƳˣʱһüͷ˵
ǸҲƳٲ˶죬ǳ綼Ҫһսڻǰ˵ҶС˵
һû˵ųŷû˵ͱʾѾͬ
ļҶСһУһĽѩʱкľ۹СβͣΪҶСĹϵĽѩҲȽ׽С۹桢ĽѩҲϲ
⼸ĽѩϹҸ΢ЦҶСȻܹоһĨˣǸŮӶԸͱŮ˷һӣοŮӻǸΪˣҶСĽѩ˶ĬûڶŮ˵飬ǶƻһʱĭС
ƻһڵʱָܹΪʱ䣬Ϊͻָ˾ͬϵƶȫתˣ֮һҪ죬񹦵ĲҲһЩźڹɡ
ڵΪѾܹնɱڵˣںڵûаٷ֮ٵİգϾԷܣԿ϶ǣԼܹ۷ǿƴһƽ֣ӺõĻ˶Է
ҶСʱĽѩҲһЩ⣬ĽѩȥҶС磬ε¼ĽѩеŬĻԷץסûôˣҲͲҶСա
ĽѩˣҶСܸˡ
죬ɽҲÿ춼ҶС㱨һǲ鿴ǵҪӶҶС绯ΪѪɫѪū\ľԭ
⼸һֱûʲôƵѪɫҲˣѾԲ˼ƻ
ҶСµûд˵ĵ죬\ľڲʼ٣ڲֻҪǷΪĶҪܼ飬ΪһսɥʮһӵܰǺľһ֮һһǼδȫɥˣô;ԶˣΪĴг˶ϲ㡣
ǴӼڲмѪūѪūһǼһˣһˣȻЩ⣬һЩصĺûб
ǴѪūͥУֶγȡǵļ䣬Щ˵ļУǿѪɫˣҲֶ֪ܹ׷ٵѪɫˣǾǻ÷ħʯֻҪڰķΧڻ÷ħʯͻзӦԽԽɢѪɫâ
ЩѪɫ˵ıЩ䶼ǱģԶԷѪūֶο³ʥֺҶС⹦ܹ⣬˶Ѫūı¶ǶԷʹȻ
÷ħʯȷʵܹӦ˵λãȴ˼ҹøӦģˣѪūҲԡ
ľҲȷǲıϴεľǺСĽ
Դӵ֪˻÷ħʯǾɳ˼ӵܣһС飬
һʱĻ̻̣ɹ˺ܶࡣ


946 ʥǿ߳
һ죬ҶСĸոϣɽҲҵˡ
ҶСںңܶľӵܶʼɨǶѰѪɫˣЩ˻ѰС㡣ɽҲ˵
ǻҶСĿбų˵
ӵЩӴʲôҶСʵ
е˼뵽ЩѰѪɫ˵ĶУ\ľԭûʲôɽҲ˵
ӡ
ˡɽҲ˵һ䣬Ϲתߡ
ɽҲߺҶСӷ˳ԺУĽѩһӰѣͬڷǰᣬʱŮӵһȫ¶˳
С磬ôҶСһԿĽѩƳ˷ȥӣƮƮȻҶСǰСϾ˷ܵӡ
ʱѾֵزˣȷʵҶС佱һĽѩ漴һת˵ڻû׹ľ裬Ҳûзӳʵˮƽ㵽쾳֪жˡ
ѵͲܲ˵Ǽ仰𣿡ĽѩСͣһҶС硣
Ҳ˵ں㣬Ҹ㴫ڵĶõĶҪŬʧŶҶССЦ˵
ҵȻŬߣٿңɹһҪúýѵ㡣Ľѩշȭ˵
ֻҪǸʵǰͷҲ˵ʲôҶСЦЦ˵
ãɲ֡Ľѩ۾һ
Ҳ֣ȺúҶС˵
ʱһŲ˿ſڣһ
һȥٽѵ㡣ĽѩһҶС磬ƮصԺ룬ϰϰʱҲϰҶС紫ڵƷ
ղž׼ҶСԣһ߳󣬱ˣǸµŮ֪Ҫ˵
ʺĹ䡣һһ߳ҶСԣԺеĽѩ˵
ҴڸġҶСһԺС
ʲôʱһսѡʱ䡣һƽ˵
һĻҶСһͷۣôôһˡʮʱ㿴ô
ʮһսһ˵һĨ˷ܡ
׼תߣͻȻ䣬ͣס˽ŲҶСüͷ΢壬˿ԶգȻĿͶĽѩѩ
ŶĽѩóصҶСߣܹɵӣҶСܶ໰ĽѩǺӵģղҶСĻһӹɵ֪ǳʲô£ҶС粻Լ˵ġ
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ĿģӦ֪Ļ̫һҶС磬ȻĿͶĽѩϣ¶һĨ顣
ΪѩҵŮˡҶСᶨ˵
ҶСĻĽѩǺ͸͸˵ƻȻ˵еףаģĽѩܹоġ
֪ϲŸǿġ\ľ̫ҶС˵
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\ľ̫ɫѿޱȣ¶һĨ΢΢ıˣ˲ĿҽҪô
ʹߡҶСᶨ˵ʱӰ˳\ľӣӣ˸ղںܵһӴƱ
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˵ӣ\ľ̫üҶСһ˵ĻܹԸһһͲһˣһնûУ˴ˣôľͱˡ
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ܹ˺ľ壿ĵطֲһСҫһ淽һ˵\ľ̫屻һεҷ˳ȥѪϡ
л顣\ľ̫ӵȻ˵˾ͷȥ
һԺƼ鲻һ֣͸նˣеһΪԵ


947 ¶
ǣ档һ˵
лǰ֡ҶСҲ˵ǶԷ֣ǻһսͲ֪ô
СޣܲͺľǸսҶˣǾʣڴܹﵽʥʮһսһսгϲá˷ܡ
ǰ佱ˡҶСǫ˵
ʱûҶС֪ԷѾˡ
ôĿ⿴ңһҶСʵ
ﵽʥҪԣһȺһսġһ˵
Ǽ廹ս񡣡ҶСЦһ˵
սΪܽһ˵ԥһ£ʲôϣǲҪͨڳ֣޹ģǼ屣
˵꣬һҾ뿪
ҶСһе˼ԼֻҪ˼ͨУǲֵġ
ÿƻʱ򣬶һ˿ãеǸһҲ֪ˣһҲǲǺͼ巢˳ͻ
һıӰҶСĽЩǲһ˻мĺ̨߻ʥֵıԷֹʥ͵ϮĽ
һʵĸ߶ӣҲڰбġ˵Ҳ뿪׼
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ҶС˵ͷ\ľ۹ر˯ҶС֪ĺ۵ԵʣĶڶķڵ˯һұ
ú͵ǶߺҶСһĽѩ˵
С磬Һ͸ղšĽѩҶС׼͡
ýͣҶףҵŮˣⱲӶǣûҵ˭ܽߡҶСԵ˵
ʲôŮˣĽѩҶСһۡ
ڲǣϾˣ벻룿
ҪĽѩҶСʵ
ţҪǲҲǿġҶС˵
Ľѩҧҧ촽ãҴӦ㡣
˵仰ĽѩһӺ쵽˶ӡ
ȥˡҶС羪ȵĿ⣬һ仰͸Ͻ롣
뷨ܼ򵥣ΪҶС֮ԻôŮӶΪԼûкҶС緢˹ϵԵʣѪգòйͻȥұŮˣһ㣬ĻΪҶС߻ôŮӡ
ʱ䣬һ˵һϢ֪˻÷ħʯʲô÷ħʯǺľһֱģڲڲĻþǿþޱȣֻҶС벻ͨѪɫҪʲô
ҪҪ˽Ѫɫ˵ļƻƻʹʹࡣ
ʱľ˾һۣھóһö÷ħʯȥҶԷټڵҲĬǵܻ÷ħʯ󣬲лжģһҲ޷ջò׵䡷ԼҪǶ֪ǹϵǼ崫е⡣
\ľʥֺ֣ǻǲģʽظʥڰ
Ǳ׼ʥֵģʥֶУҲʱһľʥ֣˹أҲ
ڸղʥֳ־ˣΪѾƵ˼ſڣοΪ˼ҸߣʥֳҲ˵ùȥ֮С
ܿ㵽ҹĺܴڷжܹõ˳ӿ
ҶСǼ䷿УĽѩ˯ϣعűӣֻ¶һСԴһ˿ߣһ˿Ľš
һҶС˽һɫԡҶСǲϴģĽѩҪҶСȥϴһ壬ҪȻϴĽѩһԼĽ顣
ǸصŮӣΪֻڽϴŽ׵ĻɴŻὫԼĽİˣǣǱҶСƵãй˺ܴ
ҶС˽ĽѩԴ˱ѣӽع壬ҶС˹Ƶ˵ѱôôȥ
ҶСĻ󣬹һĽѩŽһ϶
ѩҪϾˣǽʱ𣿡ҶСʵĳĽѩĽš
СĽѩԴ¶˳˵˵ˣһۣߵ˵
յҶС罫ԡȻ˱ѣѾ͸оǼΪĽҶСֽĽѩӵ˻У߽޻һ㼫Ϊ᲻÷ſ
ףʲôûдҶСֵʵоĽѩƬδڣɻʵӡУĽѩôˣÿһζҪ󣬲ŻὫĽѩ⡣
㻹˵㡣ĽѩҶСһ۽˵
̫ˣɷɣܹأҶСЦЦ˵ȻĽѩ㴽


948 ͵׺߷װ
е˶˫룬ϸֳһһĺΣ޵֮ϸС΢΢ŤҶС֪ʱѵƽ̹ûһ˿׸С»ȥ
ҪʱĽѩסгһ˫ȻϲҶСٽһȻѾ¶ĽԼӽҶС磬ǣķӦȴɲסԼǹԼһأĺܱء
ĽѩӣҶС΢΢һ̾Ȼջ֡
ԲҲǹģҪһΣĽѩĿҶС磬һǸ⡣
ǿԼͨԺٽ㽻ҡҶСϽĽѩرڻС
šĽѩ˵ͷ΢΢һȴһĨʧ
С磬ǲǶûȤĽѩҧ촽ҶСʵ
а룬ԹԵ˯ֻǲӰҶС簲οĽѩ˵
ҶС˵Ľѩ˫ĿϹҳҸ΢Ц
пɰ˶ҶС̲סڶͷһ£׼˫Ŀ˯ʱͻȻ쵽һߵϢĿ⡣
ôˣС硣ĽѩҶСɻʵ
ɽҲˣΪ˻÷ħʯһ顣ҶС˵ǸƽϲܹˡǸĿĽѩ
û£ȥҪСģ򲻹ܣҪǿšĽѩĵĿҶС˵
ţһСĵģԽԽСϱˡҶС뿪Ц˵
Ľѩһ죬ҶСһۡ
ʱһҶС緿ƽ̨ϴҶС˯𣿡
ûУԵƬ̣ϾͳˡҶС˵ȻĽѩҪˣúϢһ𡣡
ҶСӱٶȼĴ·ȻӲ˳ȥҹغá
ˣҶСʵ
ţˣǷֲͣڶѰţӦл÷ħʯɽҲ˵
֣Ӧòˣǻ׼ϴεַ⣬ѵϴεĽѵѵӵ˾ԵҶС˵
ڶľһݳԷɽҲ˵
ãߣڻ𣿡ҶСʵȻжȥɽҲʲô
ڣǺʲôǵ˾رԶø߱۾ģ˵ʲôɽҲ˵
Ż÷ħʯôΧ϶аʥĸ֣ǲϳװһ£ˣ֪ǸͺľǵжԹϵҶСʵ
ͺľǵжԹϵҪ˵жԣͺľԹľǼ׺أ׺صߴ\ľߴȥⶼϰǰľˣ׺غг˫˭˭˳ۣСս಻ϣҵĶԹ屾Ӧò֣֪ôʲôֶξȻúľ˲ˣ˼׺صߴ壬ûռˣΪ˲ʹռˣҲûսӴˣ׺ص߾ͺ˺ľ塣
ߴȻ٣ʵҲ壬ǷǳŽᣬûڶֻҪһˣڶ˱ûǸ塣
ɽҲĻҶС¶һ˿Ѿ뵽⣬װ׺صߣ˵ܹߵսﵽ赶ɱ˵Ŀġ
︽ûм׺صݣҶСʵ
У߱һݡɽҲ˵
ߣȥҶС˵Ŀ˸ž⡣
ӵʱ䣬ɽҲҶСͳһǰſؾĵػߣɫʿؿڴɫαǣǾǼ׺صߡ
ҶСҪǵķװɽҲʵ
ţװ׺صߣǾͲỳˡҶС˵
׺ص߷װӵģǵķװǴɫͷŰʵʵֻݵЩ˲ʿĴ硣ɽҲ͵
ݵĹݳӦСҶСĿŹâ˵һȥȥ
ϣҶСͽݣʶչڵһжĳԺС
ӦþǹݳķˣҶСȣž˽ȥûзһ˿ܴ󣬷дңҶСֱӽ˹ݳңһƾ˯еĹݳ׻˯˹ȥ
˷ڵԣĿйâӿһ죬һŲܶʱ򿪣¶һݣҶСȥ滹װ˰ЩҶСֻСһûз䡣
¥ݺһ䣬һ׵ĺɫװǽϣҶС֪ν߷װ
·ȡϣȻ󽫳ذסʮΰ̹ϣ˿ûʲôԾĵطȻ˳ȥ
ôһߣҶСɽҲʵ
񣬶ȷʵߣһ˴ߵЩû뵽ȫˡɽҲ˵
Ȼûʲô⣬ߡҶС˵Ȼʧ


949 Ʋ
һ徲ĵضΣľڣƻͨվڸߴ涼ܿõӰ
ʱҶСվھľǧĸ¥ϣﻹʿǶˣø߱۾۲е
ǻû뿪ҶСһʿʵ
ûУǸոճԹʿ˵
ܲܿмˣҶСٴʵ
ʿǸ˵
ҶСĿųŤͷɽҲţȥ鿴һ¡
˵ţҶСʧˣҹɫΪһ壬ЩһģһͿʲôֱ
ɽҲҶС磿ҶСߺʿɽҲʵ
ܹһүΪֵҲֻһΪġ˵ҶС磬ɽҲ
̫иˡʿ˵ȷʵǸˣղŷߵǼ׺صߣһ˺ѷֱ
ҶС뿪ûмжʶ鿴ΧһУǰʥֵټ֪ԷȻҽҪĻ÷ħʯó϶аʥػ
ϸĸһ£ҶСһĵ̾Ƿ񣬾Ȼʥݸ
գûһ˿˿ĲǱݣžĹɿֲϢķȥ
վͥԺһɽԣ˺ƱΪ˼ɽһ֣û˿ʥָͲ鿴˵ĸˡ
ҶСŷм˵̸
һҪСһ㣬ֹʲôıһ˵
ӦıҪȻҲϵǡ
ı֪Ҫеġջò׵䡷˲ȥָĵط֪᲻ϴΧЩʬѪū
㲻õģѾһʥһȥɽ԰鿴ȥˣûʲô״Ļǵġ
ǲʮ룬Լʱ仹һСʱ֪ϲϽջò׵䡷黹ǡ
϶ģΪл÷ħʯܹ׷ټΪ˲ñ˲鵽ټ϶Ҫǽ֪Ǽ廹л÷ħʯ
м˵̸ҶСˣѪɫҲ֪ԷʵǿʥĶ֣˲Ҫáջò׵䡷ͻ÷ħʯ
ȻѪɫ˶˵ص㣬ô϶Ǳãǲ֪Էʲô
÷ħʯջò׵䡷ҶҪõȳұζ
ڵ̫ˣԷҪʥߺ󰡣ôܴӶԷᵽأҶСüͷ
ͻȻ䣬Ժһ뵽˼׺أܹ׺ص̶ˮ룬˵һԻˮ㣬뵽۾ԽԽˡ
ͨЩҶСͻӺľ˳ɽҲߡ
ҶС鿴ʲôûУҶС緵أɽҲʵ
ȷʵõһЩõĶɽҲˣܹü׺صĸֳ֣һ𡣡ҶСʵ
ü׺صĸһ𣿡ɽҲüͷ˼һ˵Ҫһ𣬾Ҫʹǵϵʽ׺صΣգʲôش鶼ϵʽϵܱߵĸߺ󡣡
ҶС˼ϸǿٶҲ죬뵽һеİ취
ɽҲߣǼǣʲô춯ҶС˵ȻŶɳ۶ȥ
ҶСȥɱһ·̺ɽҲ̲סʵ
ľݣȥ·ȻһϷҶС¶ǻ۵Ĺâղһҵ·ǣΧаʥ֣ԼϢ¶ȥݱȽϺá
ľݣǲЩѪūʱżȻ䷢ֵġ
һӶһʱ䣬˾ͳ˺ľݶ¥ϡ
ҶС׺ľʿһСͽҰɣҶС׼ȥľݣɽҲ˵
ðɣٶȿһ㡣ҶС˵
ӵʱ䣬ɽҲͳˣʿ
ȥղż׺صһݣҹͬһϷ׺صĸȫ
һ󣬽еȫɱˣסݳȻΪʲôҪɱЩˡȻ󡭡󡭡𣿡ҶС翴ɽҲʵ
ˣҶСһƲʵ̫ˣһݺһϷɽҲĿҶС˵һʼҲΪҶСһһһרעˣû뵽ҶС羹ȻּܹƲѾ
ʵҶС粻ǻ۵ģֻƽ˼Ʊˣ⣬˲Եһ
׺صһݲǺԶ䣬˾͵ˣǽľʿϱ롣
ɱһҶСרŸ˵
ˡɱһһ䷿ݵĺɨֻҪǿˣȫնɱҽϷѪҶСţֲޱȣȻʵ
ģݳĻͲܣΪҶСʵֲӲ


950 Ϸ
ɱһ쳹ҹʱ˯еĹݳ˹ܵӿȵɱӴƣ֪ԼǶ֣ϽһУȫѪҺҺһ¡
κ˶Ҳ⣬ȻɱԼûǸΨһܹľǱסһ±ߴ塣
ҶСɽҲڽвпɱ¾ҶС绹һ뵽Щ˵Ժ뻪ĵ߸֣˳ָǺ
ûӵʱ䣬ʮһȫɥѪʬ룬Ŀ̶ãΪܹռ׺صֻôҲãܹսͿԸǵܸұϿһźʵϣֲɷƻܹȻڶҲΪһ㹱ס
ûмǵĹݳҶСʵŵĺܸߣڹĹݳȻܹŵҪߴڻ֪Ƕʲôˣֻܹĵĵȴš
ûУղҲû߳ݡɽҲ˵
ѵڣҶС˵
ӦǲˣڵĻôܲأ׺رŽᣬǼ嶼һ㰵ɽҲ˵
ȥһѣûݳӰٿûʲôԲܹü׺߷֣ҪȻεļƻºǳɹ
ǣүɽҲ˵
һһӵĲ鿴ʲôûв鿴
үǽȥֻʣˡʱݳſڴɽҲ
ߣȥҶС˵
˽ڵĹݳӹӵС϶п˵ţһʿкľıǡ
ľ壬к޺޵
ҲûˣһȫˣܸκҶС缫Ϊп˵
ݣݣֻҪܹӳһ٣һ±ˣǺľţնɱʮһˣǲô׷Źǵģݳ
ʱֻɽҲʵүΪʲôҪɱǡ
⻰ݳֻ䶼ϸš
ʵľͲҪʡҶС羯˵˶٣ҶС绺˻˵ʵҲûʲôںѪɫʹ̸û÷ħʯȡǼġջò׵䡷ʱǡм׺ص߾ǴзһʼǲûϳǣǴǵĿжϳһЩϢҪȻü׺֪ҪȻ֪ˣһ뷽跨ȥƻǼġջò׵䡷ͻ÷ħʯжҪ֪ġ
үɲԴһȥҲΪնɱѪɫһݹסɽҲڴ˵
ԣ֪뱻忴УҲҪַһĺΣգԷʵжôֲǲ֪ҲװȥҶСĵ˵
ллүġǡ
ûʲôǵģһμսѵ𣿡ҶС˵
ԲүǸ˵ʵѾ۷壬ܹͰʥ࿹⣬ȻǼҲɳ˰ʥ֣ѱԷ᲼ʲô塣ɽҲһΪ忼ǵӣЩȻר˵ģ֪ݳǵʵ
һʼԺ䣬ҶСʶ鿴ݳһһȻԷѾ֪ôҲûбҪɱ
û£Ѿɳһʥȥɽ԰鿴ˣʱѾˣǸϽߣʮҪڶɽ԰ˡҶС˵Ȼ˳ȥɽҲҲ˳ȥ
רŵĶԻݳҪϢܼ׺ص߻ỳɣǣǻǻɸȥ鿴һµģ˭ô˵һ԰ɣ
߳УҶС綯츳һҼ׺صݣʮľȫȼ˾һ׵һ¥ϣż׺صݡ
ȼգӳ˰죬սĲпᡣ
ҶСǵļƻܲܳɹɽҲʵ
˵أҶСЦЦ˵
Ҳ֪ǵļƲ߿ƺ©Ҳ٣տʼʱ쵽ƻûʲô⣬ݳ󣬸оͦŤġɽҲ˵
û©ǲŻỳɣ©ǻԼ˵ԼֲЩ©ЩҪģҪǡջò׵䡷ͻ÷ħʯҪģ֮ԩ֪Ϣضǰȥ鿴ģοֲʲôʧԷһ룬Ļ᲻ȥҶС罫·˼׺ص߷װ
ᡣɽҲ˵
˰ɣҶСЦЦ˵
ҶСǸǻ۵ˡɽҲĿҶС磬л¶һ˿ݣоҶС磬о淢
ߣ¥ڻûʮһ㣬ǵȴһʱ䣬ǱҲûдϢ˵ǻûߡҶС˵Զһߵ¥ȥ
վ¥ϣŻڲȼյļ׺ݣΧ
Լ˶ʮӵʱ䣬һӰƳշݵķЩӰΪ࣬Ͷ죬֣ǴҶСϷɹȥĸ֣ĸ֡


951 ɽ԰
ҶСǶǼ׺صߣļƻɹˡһĻɽҲ¶˷֮ɫ
ҵļƻǵļƻ⻹æҪȻϷҲûа취ȥݡҶСЦ˵
ȥɽ԰𣿡ɽҲʵ
һȣǵ˵ҶС˵Ŀ˻еݣĿܹԽռ䣬һС
ҶСԤϵҶС뿪ݳ֪ԣó˼׺ߴϵҪźš
źŷȥ󣬷Բڵļ׺߶ܹյյǾԻϹ
ȷˣûжãǾȫ˹һٶˣȫ쾳ĸ֣ΪõҲаʥʥֻˣ۷ȴʮˣࡣ
ݳûиȫЩߡ
ʮңûȥһǳʥʮ۷ĸ֣ˣҴڶ
ݳĿе֪ԷҲаʥ֣ĿҲ٣֪ȥٶҲûãؼǶĸҪࡣ
ʥԼйϵõѷϢǶɽ԰
úǾȳˡ
ҶСĿɫâһӰʧռ΢΢ĺۼΪٶ̫ģοǴڿռں״̬
ǵ֮Ϊٶȷģ;첻˾ҶСұ֤ʥ״̬ƾ\ľǼʥԾ첻һԽ
ϷҪˡҶС絭˵һ䣬¶˷ܵĹâ
𣿸ղŴϢѾˡɽҲҶСʵ
ãͲҪȥˣǶǰʥĸ֣ȥˣ˿ѣڼӺľ廹ǼѪūĶҶС˵
ˣҶСɽҲ˵¶һĨʧ֮ɫȥ֪ҶС˵ʵֻ·һ
ˡҶС˵һ䣬ȥղЩ׺ص뿪ķʽһģһҶСѧϰŶԷһͲ˿ˡ
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ҶС󣬲ûн빫԰˾빫԰һǧһոսõĽУ˫ĿеɫâųΧؼЩеѭС
˺ľʥ֣֣˼׺صߣǾȻ̶һʱۼʥʮ۷ʣˣҲΪ˼ʥֶ࣬ؼõľǰʥˣص߶ǰ棬Ϊٵ͵ľڻˡ
ҶС翴Ŷɽ԰һУ鿴ʲôԾĵطȻѪɫˣ̶˵صԼ棬Է϶ʲôҪȻʹ˶Ѱʥֵ׷ɱοѪɫ˵ĶԻսҶС֪ԷǸĺ֮ˣ϶ṫƽģ뽫ǵ
ףҶСһɣɽ԰ƬļĴҶСú֣ϿҶСȴ˵ѪȺа֮
ѵǶԷﲼʲôҶС
붼ɽ԰ǱеԶԲʲôԾĵطĻܹʲôԼ񹦺ġ
ʱȥԶһ¥ϵİҹ賿
ʱһһָƵʵֻ쾳ϵ˲ܹü
ľ壬ǵ˵ҾƬСѪɫ˵ǴļĴзġ
ҶСĿȥʲôûзֿ֣ҶС֪ԾھԶҲʲô
ˡ\ľظֺһʥĸִӾ빫԰ܽһ¥ֶȥǷ£Ŵȥֵ߽ʱٶȷˡ
ô£ҶСüͷֵ߽ʱ䣬ҶСоΧĪͺǽһһ㡣
ѵѵǻþҶС
һ˽󣬾ͺһʯͶһ̲ˮУû˷ӦͬǱˡ
Ϊľ̫ߴïһ£Ϳ͸Եùޱȡ
ʱǽˣǺľʥ˵ģ\ľ̫ǸɶˣȻͼռĽѩʥֵƽѵһٺ󣬱ˡ
һֱǰߣǰһʯߵٴ
ҶСмŶɽ԰ǱУΧһʮʥֶûзټ
ҶС˶ɽ԰һ־ԵϣǣȪ֮ҶСվˣ֣Ŀ⡣


952 Ѫħɱ
վλãɽ԰ļУһж
Ƭֳʱƽƽͨҹûʲô𣬵ϸȥĻȴһȸоһĸоΣЩľ̫ƽˣ֦һֺƵһĸоǽ֮أѹֺһʥֽһ㷴ӦûУûпֲϢҲûĲ
ȻϣȷʵлþֻþõļΪ֣¹һӾ൱ڣҶСڳѪūʱǿľʩչĻþ
þҶС統ʩչĻþҪǿܶ౶ΪͲΪʩչģȻ֮ܲõġ
ҶС˫ĿоƬ־ͺһƬˣǳһÿļľȻѪɫǱ̵֦ҶѪɫϻѪϻ̻ŷ֮·
ˣЩľҲΪ£·ȻγɵԽҶСԽǷƬֲ򵥣ǻþ۵ռȵڶĹܡ
ԭˣҶС
ʱ͸֦Ҷķ϶ҶС翴ľΧһʯתһѪɫվھʮԶ£ĿǣһĻΪ졣
ղ˵úľ˼ǰǾͻһʯڿѾˣˡ
Ѿˣٲⳡ׾ʹգ\ľ̫˵Ѿ˲ףղŶԷǴ˷ģֺʵ졣
Ѿ˼ֲΪԼİʥʥ⣬ʲô
÷ħʯʯϣǾͿˡѪɫ˵˵мֳмֵĲмЩ˶˵ѾûѶȡ
ʲô㾹Ȼ˵Ļߡ\ľ̫ޱȷŭ˵
ڿն𣬼ȻԷûг⣬뿪Ƭﲻ֣Ȼмƽϡ
ԽԽߣЩľƲͣһ㣬֮ͳ岻ȥƬ֡
һţתٶȸ˼ڳƬֵķͻȻ䣬оºǵ棬ǰĻþȻһ䣬ԼƬС
ôܣôһ£ôȥ\ľ̫ŭĸߺһٴγһΣˣͳ岻Ƭ֡
ҶС͸ľķ϶һпڻþѾԻãȻıϳ壬ʵǰ壬ⶼΪһڸǲܹȥԭ
\ľ̫ǿԼ侲˿ԼΧ˶ʧˣɫһ
һ
аɣʹĽаɣǽɤӺˣǶζΡҲȥͳȥſЦ
ҳС\ľ̫
ʱ涼ܹǵĺصʥѾ˲ôˣǷ׷£ƬֱԵ
̫ʲôˣһʥĺһ䡣
ˣҲб¾ͽɣſ˳
ãҽҾͲһССжô¡ʥ˵ž׼ȥ
ı嶯СĽһĻ̫Ҳǰʥ֣棬ǽҲ˵档һʥϽ׼İʥסˡ
ô죿
ǴݻƬ֣ҾͲܲһͷһİʥ˵
˵꣬һƴӿȵзֺޱȣֱԵľϣһ㷴ӦûӴͺǴУá
ʥסˣ֪ôһ¡
ôʥ˵һ䡣
Ҳţһ򿪣ҾͲŴݻٲʥǲŵ˵
ãһԿһʥ˵ŹһĻҲú֡
˶˵ͷǶγʿʿâԵ֮ɢ
ն˹ͬһеʿͬʱվһط
䡣һضɽҡҵɢǰĿռݺݶˮһ㵴þƳһѿڣһɼǿ񱩵ȫӿ˽ȥʮþ˲䱻նơ
ȵ䶨֮ʱ˱նʮþĵطĵطָֻ
þһʥʧ
еʶⲻǻþרΪǲõѪħɱб¾ͽҾ棬ҡջò׵䡷ϣбԼȡѪɫſ˵
ǿЩľһʥ˵
ֻղŻïľȻһѻҽȫʧҶСĿһղЩľѪɫת۾ͱǹ졣
һĻϤͻȻ䣬Ժ֣һĻɽѪɫɭЩľһģһ
ѵ˵ѪɫǴؾʲôϵɣҶС
ʲôˣʱɭִ\ľ̫ŭ


953 õ÷ħʯ
һҽз
ôô\ľ̫ٴδ˳Ǿ֡š
ɱԼе˸оΣѪɫ˵Ц
ʱУ\ľ̫ǰһʬЩʧ񣬸ղһӰϮʱ鵶ӳȫһû뵽ӰĲҽϤǼˣȵӰ䵽ʱͻȻһ䣬ȻԼˣ˵ϱһֱۣ࣬ڵѪҺޱȡ
\ľ̫˫ȭգһһȭڵϣʱþ΢ĻζһĻ֪ǻþҪԵ侲ҪȻ˶Էĵ
ûע⵽ǼһѪ;ȫɢΧľա
Ѫɫɫ΢΢һ䣬ΪĻþǾǵ棬ܹж÷ħʯ˭ϣ뽫ȫܹǣõ÷ħʯܹԼΪʥ֣֡һѪǺܷġ
ʱа\ľ̫վԭأûж˫ĿϸĸӦΧһб仯ͬʱԼɢ򳡵ĳʹþ΢΢ζͺƽĺˮͶһöʯӣϵӰжڻζ
Ѫɫ֪ӲУöԷѪħɱİԼΣˡ
Цһ˵ɣҾܹôǡջò׵䡷
Ļ΢΢ζ¶ԭһĻĻֻһѪɫӰվһľϣһɫĵ伮
ľ˵Ŀͬ׺Щ߶һ˿˿Ĳ
ҪҪͽɣѵһСС󷨶Ƴ𣿡Ѫɫ˵
ҶСüͷӲǰ취öԷЩľ˽ȥ˵ٴɱһ˵ֻøӿֲ
ڵƾǲܵþԻãôܹƳ֪
ҶСһĵƶֵıԵǰ̤һһУһ棬оԼȷʵûܵ󷨵Ӱ죬󵨵˽ȥ
߽ȥ͸оһεѹϣų֮ҶС绹ǵһ
ͻȻ䣬ŤͷĿͶ˹ҶСϽΧĻΪһ壬һһ档
̼Ϊݣ˸ûзʲôɵüղогһµޱȣת˲䣬ʧˣƴûгֹһ㡣
˾첻ԼҶС˫ĿйâתѰźľˣĸѰҵˣȴǵûзʲôĶЩЩˣҶС
ҶС˼ƽþķֻƳþĹȲƳ
ӵʱ䣬ǲĻǶҪѪɫ˵˲䣬ʧˡ
濴ʧˣֻʣĵӰ۵ĲǺԶԶҲһףֻ׵ľ룬ǣǾǸоԷĴڡ
Ͻ̫ߡһʥ˵Էû˵Ļ
ˣôûУٴʵ
һѵɣ\ľʥԥѪɫ˵
ʱؾʿ໥γԼʿŶԷֱһ׵ľʱ໥Ӷֱ˶Է
Ҫǽȥ
ȻһʥѾˣȻˣľʿ໥˶ԷԴѪ
ֻǼͨĳԱǹϵľͷˣǣ峤Ķӣرû˵ظ֣峤ΪصĶӣǵʹˡ
һȥһʥ˵
˷׷׵ͷסԷĵ˽ȥΪ˲ʹǷֿ
ڽˣϷŸոտʼܰɣֻҪܹƳ󷨣ҾԶˡ˵
߽ȥûһ˿ˣѪɫ߹һ㡣
ϷȷʵʼˣҶСѾҵƳİ취ˣ֪ǻþƽ֮󷨵ƽ֮
ĿǰҪǽ÷ħʯõ֣ҶС˾ʥֲԶ˫Ŀ磬۲ˣĿͶߵһˡ
ҶСϸܵĲǸλþʿڵĿڴС
ʱҶСע⵽˶ԷѪɫҲע⵽ˡ
ھͿ˭ٶȸ죬ҶС
ӵл÷ħʯʥߣŶԷ߶
ʱͻȻ䣬Ż÷ħʯˣ˿ΪұԼֵܣȻŵſǻӰԷרĻþǣǶ˿
ûᣬҶС簵һƾʥ·ˣһöƴСĿ״ˮһʯͷ¶˳¶˲䣬ҶСһţ÷ħʯͳУȻʧԭء


954 Ƴ
˭ʲôˣҶСٶȿ磬˷ˡ
÷ħʯˣ˭ˣ㡭ȻѾõ˻÷ħʯͽǷųȥʥ˵
ˣԭʥôԺɨʥµˣһβҪջò׵䡷õ֣뽫Ѫɫ˻ץʳĹ
ھһߵԵûˡ
˭ҹѪɫ˺еǷŭʲôˣȻܹ󷨶޲ǽҪĻ÷ħʯ͵ˣߣʵ̫ˡ
Լ󷨲ҾͳˡҶСһڴĵԣ˭ҲֲݣƴӾ֮ϴͬԾĵϡ
Ѫɫ˫ĿкųƼһɨ֣Լæ˼²õ󷨣ھȻǱ˽ȥ֪ķ̰裬ĳ衣
ɶ񡭡ҵ㣬һҵ㣬һҪƳҵսѪɫ˺ݺݵ˵
ҶСûᣬڻ÷ħʯѾˣͲջò׵䡷ˣһ˵ȻУУڸǴϷݵʱˡ
ƶһľԱߣľú֣֦ɣһĸоר޼ӣϵ·ҪΧľϵ·Ķ࣬ղ˵ؾһѪǱʮˣʮǹؼ
ҶСһֵ̺
䡣һ죬һֵʱҶСϽ뿪
ǿ뵽ڣҡβֹڵľѾȫݻ٣ϵҶСɡ
һƬȫݻ٣ռݺݵضһƳĳЩҪĶҶС㶣ѵӾܹ󷨲ˣ
бͳһսҪزصġҶСһ󷨣Ѫɫ˷ŭĺ
бҲҪزسһսҶС˵ٴһǰͬķݻƳһƬ󷨡
䡭ÿһ𣬾ԤʾһƬ󷨱ƳѪɫеĺͻ֡
ӵʱ䣬ҶСݻʮľʱռһҵĶʱҪһ㣬ҶСûٳ֣Ѿ뿪ֻصǸڡ
ơ\ľ̫һһõ˼µĵâųþռͺǲһ˿¶֣ЩľɢŹĺ⣬һһ㡣
þʣľԶݻˣ󷨵ķġ
ʮεзɳΧҶСߣЩЩޱȣ൱ҶСȻҶСղЩȫӡڣȴͻƵҲһ˲䱬Ǳ
ֲǸ͸ܲҲҶСˮƽԭ
þ飬ʥһؾĸֶ¶˳ǲԼͬĽĿͶѪɫˣĿɱȻ
ڿԽ̳²׵䡷˰ɣһʥ˵
һһ仰ҪԼãֻҪô£ΪƳþǾܹɱҡѪɫ˵˵һ߲鿴Χʲôûз֣ͺղƳþǹ
ѵûнȫȥҶС΢΢ü
ȥˡ\ľ̫˵еʿӶʮεâնѪɫˡ
ǺľеļҴ似
ƾҲɱң˵¶һ˿м֮ɫ
ʮεâնʱΧľʮεâ
ȵʮεâǰʱѾΪˣһգѪεʮֵâͱġ
㷴ԼĹ˵еʮεâΪѪɫѪɫâΧľӿʮֵâϡ
ɱ˴һеѪɫʮֵâɳ\ľ̫
\ľ̫ɫһƬأ̺ʵֲ̫ˣֻݱܷâ
ʮѪɫâûй\ľ̫תһ
ʥôһĻ׷֪Ƭǵû໥һۣʿӶʮĵâնΧľ
ǡѪɫľ׷ױնϣЩľͷų˲õѪɫâ۳һӰòһϢӴޱȣԺͰʥ໥
ѪɫӰʥ
ơĳһӳâɣնѪɫӰǣѪɫӰͺһ㣬ֳ˲һ
ֶ࣬óİ취ɱ
ôʥһССѪӰɱѪɫ˳
ѪӰһѪӰȻѪӰôҾնӰһʥ˵ʥϵϢǿ󣬱ʥϢǿܶࡣ
ʿӳƾһնռƺֳ룬ѪɫӰҲ˺˿ΪѪɢ˿С


955 ׺߳
ѪɫӰһʥһɢʱѪɫϢһ٣˺ܶ࣬ѪɫӰ֮ʲôϵ붼ǾϵѪɫӰɢˡ
εúܺã˿ܲδ쵽ҶСˡ
䡣һ춯ص𶯣ȵҰ\ľ̫嵹˳ȥɫǺ죬ʹһףһѪ
Ȼ赲˶ԷʮѪâҲܵˣѪڣĶҪˣΪֻҪ΢һ¾ָܹ
㻹ʲôֶΣʹһն˶ԷѪɫӰʥĴǣʿ˵
֪ܿʲôֶˡ˵˵˫ַлĹ켣ɹѪɫâΧС
ɲǼ䣬ЩľǸһߣﻻƣһ䣬ͽ˰ΧС
Щľ֦ҡҷڴҪ
ȥһ֣Щľ֦ͻȻ䳤ļ𣬹߸ˡ
ʣظֲûг֣ǾĿţüͷ岻֪Щʲô
ءâáƳգ֦ͬЩľնƣ˾ȵαնƵľûǰȫʧΪҽǼԭ
ҿƬ֣ܹ֧ŶáһʥЦһ˵ܿЦˣ֪ʱʼϱն˵֦Ȼ漣ɲǼ䣬סǵ˫ȡֱۡ
߸˶ˡЩ֦ƣڵѪҺڱڣһֵѪҺȡ
˴󺧣ڵ˳âãƬա
顭߸ȫϵ֦˿ܣ΢΢мֲ԰ס
ʵһ㣬һֶΣȴ˲ò
նؾĸ⣬ʥͬʱ֣ޱȣҪһеĵâųâնʱ򣬾Ȼ漣ںһγһʮĵâһâѾʵʣϢ̲صǰһâʮֲֹԼӸ
׼ôղŵֶΣЩľâգȻתƣöԷĵâȥԷǾȻıʣô̺ӴĵâͲЩľܹġ
ǹϢεС
б⣬Χľһÿ÷ᵲǰγһǿ޼¡
âķ̶ȣ赲ס
ꡭʮľ˲նϣѪɫնȥ
ơնĵâѪɫˣѪɫۿ裬죬ħһȭѪɫâųγѪɫõӣǺڶĴſҪһӽâ̽ȥ
ڵҶСҡҡͷ֪ѪɫҪˣͻȻ۾һ¶˵Цݣ׺صҪˣҶСͬʱ¡
ǡѪɫѷâӿһӾƳѪɫãѪɫϡ
ء˵嵹˳ȥѪ
ˣǶ¶˷ܵɫڳȴѪɫ˲;ûע⵽һþ޴γɣ˶ɱնľγɵģҲֲãЩľն󣬲ûпή̺ҲûɢԭΪ˵ȴһ̡
Сġ˽ԶַһϽѵǳˡ
ͺͿڴϸں֦صĺɨˡ
ľ飬˶ɨ˳ȥˣˣȻƲǺأܹѹסһʵܹӳѾ߳ˡ
Ǿҵ˺ú棬һѪɫ˴ӵվ˵һ䣬ȻһƬѪγɾ׼ߡ
ƽ϶ߣҪȫնɱɣͬлڣ֪ԷΪˣٲöԷ赲סˣôһСΣˡ
ʱһ޴İƴͷ£û˿ס
ءͺǶһ㣬˵ڣֵ˲ҶС磬Ǽ׺صһʥ
׺ص˲֣ҶСͻֵ֣ĵط
ɱ߸ȫղųֵʥ˵
һҶС뿪֣Ѫɫ˵˽⣬ԷȻôģҪܣֻܾ·һ
ջò׵䡷̳һ׺ص˵һѳ֪ʲôϴļŵطǸӡ
ǸûʲôҶС֪Էڵȴʱ
ʱȻ䣬һѪɫӰбųӴܡ
ӣӵ𣿡ʥ˵еļٶȵ˼£̴ܴǵӰǣǵӰûо쵽һ㣬ǰС
Ҳǣ˭ףʹҪҪĶࡣ
ҾͲӵҵġʥ˵׷ȥ
ҶС¶˵Цݡ


956 
ʥ׷ȥǸоһӰȻӴܣҶС¶һ⣬ȥûʱȥĺľͼ׺֮սҪǡջò׵䡷Ѫɫ˵
ղǵѪɫӰбųʱҶС͸оǼٵģΪǵѪɫӰûɢ
һ£һֻӴܵôûĲأ⵱ȻܣǼٵġ
ҶСոȥһʱ䣬׷ѪɫӰʥ׷ȥԷźɫ߷װȫı仯Կ϶ǣԷɫһѿ֮
ʱʮʥն˾ҵսǱĹâʮ·ܹü
䡣âãľ\ľ̫嵹˳ȥϻһ𣬶ʱ䣬˺صˡ
\ľ̫ӵɫʿմȾ˵ѪҺһǵѪһҧǰļһӰһһѪѪֹ
Լǰ㶯˼£˿ڴѪȻղ˵˺ܶࡣ
׺ߣǺľԩ޳ΪʲôҪǣ\ľ̫һ԰֮ɫĿǰߡ
ԩ޳仰˵úɣǺص͵ϮǼ׺ߴʱô˵ֻ
ǶǼǰˣôץסţ\ľ̫˵
ߣ޵ѾˣôܹοǺľʵ̫ȻɳǿɱҼ׺쾳֮µˣʵ̫޳ˣǺúһ㣬ֻǺľǼ׺߷˳ͻһնɱȥˡĿȼų޵Ļ棬гöΰɢɫâһ֪մȾ˶ҩ
׺ߵĶҩɲһĶҩǵĶҩǾ˿̿оĶҩܹɱǿߡ
еİļХ̼\ľ̫ÿһ񾭡
ۡǣΪ̫ˣǱһö˸첲
ĸ첲˲ڣһſ϶˺Ƥգ˼£Ȼ͵˵ϡ
ģ㲻ģ಻ʦ˵ȻĿͶʿ
ӦþǺľ峤СˣֻҪһֻ첲ˡ˵꣬Ȼʧˣһ׹ҫľֵҸ첲ն
صĸ֣ɫ԰ޱȣͷ亹Ȼûнгһ
ʱľҲ׷·磬ѹŴһսӲ٣бɬ
ҶСսظѪɫ˺аʥ׷ϡ
ʥ˴Լһǧ׵ľ롣
ʱǸ뻹ţʱǰеͻȻһѪѪȫٶȻ䣬ıҶСϽóȫٶȥ׷ϡ
Լӵʱ䣬˦ߡ
ѪɫһɽУһ´Ѫɫâ
˼εļƻΪʲôʧܣƳ󷨵˵˭ѵǼ׺صߣпܾˣǲɱ\ľˣʵӣȻɳһƻ󷨣ܾˣ֮Ǹû뵽ҲбƵʱ
ʱͻأое㲻Ծȫһָоֻ֪ﲻԾˡ
ﲻܾĵȻվ׼뿪
ͻȻ䣬һɾϮɾٶ̫ˣ
ء嵹˳ȥ˵ϣѪѪҺкƬ
ôϢһ£׷㻹Ƿһ򡣡ҶС˵еĽɫ鼮֪νġջò׵䡷
㡭ô׷ģ˿ҶСʵкͻȻʲôһ㣬ͺһ߶ҶС磬Ƴҵ󷨣
ȷʵǣҿڼжо󷨣ҪȻλҿһµôסҶС絭˵һҪԷɫȡ
롣ѪɫһתͬʱһѪĻ赲ҶСе
ʱҶСһƳһ䣬һȵŷ
Ѫɫ˱ҶСٴλ˳ȥƼΪأ඼ȫ飬Ѫݽߡ
Ҳôģ׺ǵҵķ񱨸ɣѪɫ˺޺޵˵³ѪҺѪҺգ̺ǿѪ
ѪݡѪɫ֣Ȼʧٶȿ쵽˼£ͺһҫؼ䣬ʧˡ
ŶԷȥķҶС¶һĨʧЩڣ֪ͲϻˣֱնɱǣѪɫˣһ¶Էû뵽ȻöԷôˡ
Һƺأû»ָˡ
ͨһΣõ˽ѵôʱ򣬶ܴ⣬ҪԵ侲
һҪڲϷݡ


957 սֽ
ɽ԰Ǳߣս쳣ңâҫѤ죬ľ弸˳׵Ƕܵ˺صˣ˼׺ߵĹԾɿš
ءľһʥֵ嵹˳ȥһѪɫ԰ֽʧȥս
˵սܺǵһ㣬ȫڵأľˣǱѣˣʧȥս򶷵ĹУģ˶˲мˣ׺صҲΪľһʼ˵ԭҪȻ¶ܾ˵ľ档
ûл÷ħʯ߸ô죿һʥĿͶеݵߡ
ȥ崦ãߡеݵ˵Ȼʧˡ
ʥֶˣ˼׺صظ֣ǴЩ˸Щʥȥ
ѪɫߺҶСһǵľʴ򶷣׺ص߾ȻûɱЩʥҶСĿбų˺⡣
˲ԣǣ\ľ̫˭ȻҽĽѩϡ
ҶСȥôĶؼܣ˵\ľ̫ΧŶĿ־ͺ¡
ҶСøΪŨңԽԽ£ԽǾûˣ׺ߵ֪ҪܵʲôĿ̣䱻ĥھܹһ㡣
֮ԭڶһӯϵɢֹͣԵ粨Ҳû˲׵ˣȻ
ɱ˵ķ࣬ﺦ£˭֪Ǳɱġ
ɱ\ľ̫ҶСŽ߱ȥ
򺣱߱ɱĹУҶСɽҲһ绰ҪˣѾˡ
ҲǣһССļƲߣ÷ħʯ͡ջò׵䡷õ˺󣬶\ľͼ׺صìܣջΨһźľûɱѪɫˣҲûܹŪԷݣЩͷۡ
ҶСص߱ʱ򣬻ƽ̨һ˫ĿֺˣҶСֻ΢һϢѣǻؼֲûбҪϢȫڡ
ҶСƽ̨ϣȻ󽫼׺ص߷װһ棬Ȼճޣ߽ʱ򣬿Ľѩ۾ϽߵĽѩʵô˯
˯šĽѩ˵¶Цݡ
㵣ˣѾˣҽɣȻǸһԺһȥҶС罫еĶ˴ͷľ̨ϣȻ·ѵ˱ѡ
ĽѩСĿͶ˸ղҶСľ̨ϵĽɫ鼮ջò׵䡷ͻ÷ħʯһ˫Ŀʲô
Ǿǡջò׵䡷ͻ÷ħʯǲǾͦÿģĻһЩǮҶСǺһЦ˵
ǻ᲻鷳ĽѩĵĿҶС硣
û£ǲ֪ҡҶС˵
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ǶǹҵˣӦö໥ʶɣҶСʵ໥ʶģ˵л
ֻ֪мԺ֪ҡҡͷ˵
ǰִʱûǣ
ûУִǵִǵĻ棬Щ֯˰ŵġ˵
ŶӣʲôʱʼжҶСʵ
ûУȻȡûаգǻٵʵصİջеġҶС˵
˵ܹϴȥҲ˵ǣֻٵ˻أεʧܵġ࿴ҶС˵
ֻ˵ãû˵Ǳ롣
һ˼˵ֻǲ˵
⻹ѡҶСƵ˵ԼһĻŲô࣬ΪòϾ͵õֻҪܹʵؾУǲʧܣ£ֻǴӦȥ񣬲ûǱ֤һܹɹ񣬵ͲһСܵľǷ֤ɹԼ
ʱǿߵϢǵΪ㲻سڵΪһ۷Ϊ൱
֮ĵĻҪһϷˣԷΪ߻ߵͣһεкĿܣƫƫ˵ΪһĻп˭ܷ˭ԺʹЭǿ¶Ը⣬వʹӡ
һһŲ
λ׳ԵȣҳȥĪǸһЦȻ˳ȥ
ʲô֯ϻ˹񣿡һһǾȡ
ε֯ôأСȷǲðƻһ
ǵ¼ʹͨ¥ҲȻǹô˵ģר
ðƻȷʵˡĪ˵
Ȼˣȥô˵Ƕˡ
ԷĻһ˪ӱˡ
ǺˡҶСЦЦ漴˵ûмЩˣȻȥ
ΪɵΪ˲ǶȡͣʱĽͿȫˡ࿴ҶСһ˵
֯ϸнҶСɻʵ
ȻУҪȻ˭ĸԸΣյѶԽԽ񡣡
ʲôҶСʵ


963 ɵУر
ҩˮܹΪӵҩˮҩˮЩи似ǮؾĻᡣһ֮ɫȻʱǶѶر񡣡
ֲãԭˣΪЩεһҪɹҶС˵ɫɫЩҩˮʲôľǺöҪߵ˺Ҫ
ʲô˽⣬ƾܹε񣿡ʱűһݵЩм˵
Ŀ絶ϳǿϢΪѾﵽ۷壬󻹸һһŮĪ棬һЦ
߽󣬽ĿͶ࣬¶һ֮ɫû뵽֯оȻƯŮӣ˲䣬ϵɫͻָƽһ˵ΪѾ۷塣
˵꣬ȻĿͶҶС磬һȵӣףΪô۷壿֯ôΪ͵Ȱ㻹ǻȥúɣΪ˽ˡһܺĵȰ˵ĿȴǱӡ
ҶС絭ƳһۣɵУرࡣ
˵ʲôٸ˵һΣһ֮ɫǰ̤һ˫ĿбųĹâֲϢҶС硣
һ۷ֱ֣ӶˣҶСһƵӣûб仯
˼ȻܹסҵƣҲǣȻ֯ضĲ֮ôΪ۷ʵǸı䲻˵ġ
쾳΢עһУ֪ҶСͲǸóƶϵˣҪ֪۷徳ΪֻǸɢжϵģҶС粢ûȥһǸͨˣ϶⵽һЩֵĻɣĻкܶ鷳
¶ӳǶ˾ͲҪˣͬĿ궼ǡˡʵأԼ˸Լ˹ȥʱΪ¥ˣĪߵ֮Ȱ
Ϊǽһ£λǸ𵺹йĳγ¶ӳλֱ½ΰĪһˣȻΪμ˽ҶСˣλӳλǡ
˵ţĪһεӣڻ֪ҶСʲô
ֻһ޹ؽҪˣǲ֪ҵ֡ҶС絭˵
ȻΪǣ֪֮⻹ǲġ½ƳҶСһۣȻߵǰһЦ˵ӳãӭ
á൭˵һ䣬ûк֡
һʱ䣬ֻ֮ջ֣Ŀȴų
һȻĪ˵ûµϴ
ûУʵֻһˣҪϴݳܡĪҡҡͷ˵
Ҫȥʵ鿴һ½˼һ˵ҶСһۣȻĿͶ࣬ʵӳģ
ǵģʲô˼ʵ
ˡʵصһֱҸģʱǿһж֪ʱûٸµϣ˵Ϊһ۷壬һСοԷǸŮΪǡ
ʵڵʵģʵǲϣȲ˵ϣ˵ǻʵضǸ⣬ҪȻ綼ȥжˡ
һ࣬һȽ̽һ£У㱨һ¡
Ҵû˵ˡʵһǸģֱֻ֪ϵĪûᵽǣǸòжİɣ˵
ʲôжҲΪ˹롣ɫ΢΢һ˵˵ʵ沢ûִε񣬲Ϊһֱŵߣ˵кʵǿԼȥ
Ҳż֪ȻѶȺܴ󣬵ӦģɹˣôǵõĽҲǷġ
ɫ֪ôһ¡
˵ˣٸҲΪǡ£Ž񽻸ǣҲ֪Ǻܿ겻ֻǳһ¶ѣΪܹ⣬ǲҪԲصĸߺ˭ܹùĿų˵
εɫѿޱȣ뷴ǲ֪˵ʲôãΪ˵ȫʵ
Īûжķ䣬ǸϢһ¡ཫĿͶĪʵ
У¥кöշĪϽ˵ס¥ڵȻҪס¥ˣҪȻ¶
վȻž¥ȥҶС˺棬һɵӡ
ȥ׼һ·䡣Īؿ˵ȻϽȥ
ҶСһһ䣬˵ķţĶܼȫȻ㲻ǺҲű¡


964 һ
λ٣ǻҪʲô;˵ź˵ķĪ˵
鷳ˣĪֵܣҽҶС磬СͿˡҶС΢΢һЦ˵
ÿֵܹĪңҾͲǵϢˣʲô£ңһǡĪ˷֮ɫ˵
ΪҶСһ߰ˣƲЩ²ˣû뵽ҶС羹Ȼô͵ˣжҶСøбҶС˵μ˾Ͳ̫ԶˣֱԼҪˣԼӶˣԼʱ˼ҵæ˼һлĻﶼûУԼӦһжǼΪûб¶ЩС
ĪߺҶСԼķдһȻ߽ķ䣬һʼǱẓ֪̇ڸʲô
æʲôҶС˹ȥʵ
ûʲô²鿴һʵصĽṹͼ˵
ŶҶС˵ͷȻɻʵղǼҲǹⲿŵˣѵǹ
ЩͳΪⲿŵˣǷ˺üӣ໥ڲͬ˹һҪķǹڣΪ涼񣬵ȻҲ̽һǸأͲΪܹ񡣡ҶС͵
ѵΪ˾񣿡ҶСм˵
ӱĹҵ֣ȻҲܵǹ˭Ҳ˵׼һп˼˵
εжԼҪǵİæÿʵȥҲֻǣοǸͲһġ˼һҶС˵
ҸҲһġƳҶСһۣ˵ȻıϺƽһ㶼ƽŮ˾̫룬һӽˡ
Ҳ˵Ǹ˼ҪôΪҲԣò̫ˡҶСЦ˵
㡭һ˫Ŀһ˵һ˿΢죬һﵨ죬϶ǿʱȻһҪɱһû뵽ȻԼˣⶼԼЩ⡣
ʲôҶС约Ͻת˻⡣
ǽǸصһЩպȥ˵
ǺðɣҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ˳ȥصԼķ䡣
ʱĪһӷдˣԷʱ򣬳μ˶һ񣬲ܾˡ
ܳźͬΪǣսɣΪŻͫһʩչ³׸͵ס
ΪľܾǵĹϵһ񻯣Ƕû˵Ĭ
ҶСŲǵΣưɨҶСԷĨ˳ȥ󣬲ŷһӵķʣ޼ǺƼצٹĲ˵ӣ˶ûθڣ˳ȥ
Ī̵뺣߲ǺԶֻвһӵ·̣ɳ̲ϼûмˣҶСչʶ鿴źڵһУʲôûвղʣǸʵһߵһ
˿ҶСȻأֱ߽ķ䣬໹ڶŵоʲô
ҶС翪ʵǸʵؾһط
ʲôɻĿҶС硣
ҲΪ˽һҶС˵
㶯˼£ʾϳĵӵͼָڵʾָһ˵½Ҳѡ
ôʵҽںô½ϣҶСɻʵ
֪ӦΪڵ½ʵң¸ȣʱСٷ飬˵ʼ޴ʧ˵
ԭ֪ĹҵϣΪʲôûʥ򣿡ҶСʳеɻ
Ǹطʥֵġ˵
һأ
ûһܼᶨ˶ٽ͵ǸʵʵǴں׵һСռڣռڵѷҿռ䲻ȶʥֽĻһɢǿλãռ䶼жͻ𡣡
ԭҾͷˡҶСЦЦϢ̫ˣȥϢˡ
ҶСĵ˵һ䣬Ȼ󷵻Լķ䡣
ڴſռŨ֮ĥʱ䣬ڣںϷ̫ˣϺãȽƽ͡
׼ȥ鿴һ£ûôڵĥ䣬Ѿʮˣ°ζᶼȵüˡ
ɫҶСɢĵƣ׵ıһͨˣϢˣΪ뿪׼෢֡
ҶСȫϢȫʱڵǰĿ˽ɫĹâ
ȻȻ͵͵һ˲鿴ߡص˵ԣȻӴӷվ¥¥ĴҶСӰһɻ
ѵڿռ䱼ʵأһ׼ȥʵأʱҶСӷ䴫˳Ҫȥ


965 롮ˡ
һŤɵ࣬ƮƮĴҶС緿Ĵӷ˽ȥ
վҶСķ俴ҶС˴ϵʱɻʵôڷУ
һֱڷаĪҸղоȥˣһΪ׼͵͵һܳȥҶС˵
ˣҸղֻǳȥתתˡ˵Ȼӷ˳ȥ
ѹָоϢԭصк򿪵Լü̡
ԼʮӺһӰҶСķ䴰˳ȥӰȻҶС磬֪Լһȥһģóôһ취
ɳʱȫϢûһ˿˿Ĳɢûһע⵽
һֱϷĸۿǱ߷ȥ뺣ʱûнһˮ
ʹںٶȻܿ죬½ϻҪ켸֣Ϊ˶ƻ˺ˮһϰס
ŲѾ˵ĵطҶСϸӦеĲҶС缱ǰУһǳĺǰǹɵĲǴӺɢģҶС³鿴źڵһС
³˺ײʱֺһߵĺɽϣеĲĿһǸʮƽĵɫĹĤ
ʱҶСͻȻŤͷȥֻĤʮ⣬һˮףţҿҶС츳ѾͺˮѾΪһ壬ֱ˴ˣӲûз֡
ӵΪѾﵽؾ磬ġ
ҶСһ˲˵ɫĤǰ棬ϸĸŹĤƵʵȵȡ
оʱ򣬵ڵӵɫĤ˽룬ûһ˿谭ɣɫĤǲǸͲ赲˽롣
еʱΧĿռΪһ壬ͺǴû˽һ㡣
һܾ޴Ŀռ䣬һͳôԲεĽɢŽâʵޱȣЩĽһƬȻһ壬֩һߴޱȣ䶥һԲ׶塣
˵ռеĽƻֺ꣬ƴޱȣ֮ڷֵľ޴¥㻹Ҫֺ꣬ļǸط
ȥĵطкд̵ľдƬׯڵأֲЩֲ￴Ӻҩģ޺С֮⻹кܶСľݡ
ռ쳣أû̫䣬Ȼ磬Ʋס̫â֪ߴӺζºͣʺֲǵ︴յĴ졣
ҶСϸĸӦȥΧÿһξ붼һ쾳ĸִڡ
ҶСڿռ䣬ȫûɢһ˿ϢǸͷֲˣܿ㵽һߴĽǰ棬Ȼһ壬ûŴͲ֪ʲôط롣
۲˺ܾöûҵţҶСһй
˿ĽȺһģѵԵλã
뵽űԵλ÷ɱȥ
ȻһԵĵط˾޴ĽţǰȴһĸػţҪ벻֪ĴŽ룬Ͳܣ
ɵһ˵Ļ϶˵ע⣬Ǹ⣬ο֪ô򿪣϶Ὣʵؾ
ҶС羲ĵȴţѰŻ룬ԼһСʱʱ䣬ͻȻ俴һ֮Զһһţɫۣͷñ˴˳ǴһУ֪ʲôȥ
ڲùҪʲôڵĿĺܼ򵥣ǽУһᣬݴҶСһڽŻûбպǰʹ˽롣
߽ȥҶС֪ʲôܣܲ˺߹٣ȸÿһ·ȫװ־վڡ
ҶСⶰȫֵĲҩҶСܹܵĲȻ٣ǱҪǿöࡣ
ⶰͨķһֻķҲװŽţŽţҶСȴŽĻᡣ
һеĽͨ϶нţɼ̶ܳжߡ
ĽǸֲָ걾ƶһЩҺĳ̥ĳоֶĳ˿Ƽ˶оİ
ߴ˷о˼˵ķϣоΪףǻࡣ
ǾȻð֮ںϣҶС翴˺ܶں壬Щں嶼̥ǣҶС翴һ󵨺Щ̥߳ֻࡣ
Сʱʱ䣬ҶСŵԲν
Ѿ˶׶ʱڵں壬ǾڳҺ͸УЩ͸Χиָ豸ڼڵںĳɳÿһ̨ǰ涼һɫӵĿԱ
ǵ˵ʱʵоںϣû뵽ʵѾоɹˣʽ׶Σȥ鱨
ڻܹȷЩں壬ʲôر֮ǲǱޱȣǿҵĺĺеļ¶ҶСǰȥ


966 ҶС뿪
ҶС뿪Ī̵СʱҲʮһʱĿڴӵĻ˿΢΢չһԼ֫
ȻǸ񡣡˵һ䣬Ȼվߵ˴ǰǶȻĿͶãã档
ͻȻ䣬ʲôһ㣬ǰʱ򣬶Ϣȫޣôᡭѵ˽ʱҶСʵصλãжʱ˼֣һʹӴӷ˳ȥڿһƣҶСķڡ
ʱҶСķڿһˣﻹ֪ܲԼҶСƭˡ
쵰Ȼƭңవһɷŭ֮
ҶСķ뿪ϣվ¥ʶչ鿴ΧһУȻҶСͲڡ
ѵһȥʵˣ룬ȻϷɱȥ
ӰʧãӰʹӷз˳վղųֵĵط
¶ӣҪҪȥ½ΰʵ
ߣȥ鿴ʵȥˣǸ棬Ǵͷ󡣡˵Ȼ׷ȥ˸
ߺȶĪ˫Ŀ¶һĨЦ΢΢̾һȻ
ܹܵˣûǣ˵ʵһ㶼
ٶ磬ûö೤ʱ䶼˺ף⴦ʵص׼ȷλãȫϢֱʵڵλǱȥ
յﺣײʱͿһ⣬һӰɮһڽڡ
ԷΪʱüͷһնûǱйȥöԷ֡
һȥ˵һսˣ˺һ档
˿ܣûзд򶷹ĺۼô˵ҶСûǰڶԷûвǱ˽ȥ
һֿܣеţǵڶ֣е㲻ˣϾڵλþؾֵλ̫ˣͲܲöԷ쵽
ѵ˵ûûȥ
ͻȻԺ֣ѵȥŮˣпܣҶСܻߵŮ˺ܶ࣬ҵܿţʲôȪŮԡ͵ȵȴջ˵ҶС绹ȥˡ
˭ͻȻ䣬һؾַġ
˼ʶչ˳˵ټҲΣǶԼΪûȫﵽľ磬һ˿˿Ϣ©˳Էֲǹ顣
ᡣһʿγؾӣ˫ĿըԼߵķâ÷ܹ͸һС
ԭأеʿһ˳ǹһ̳һâӳǹϱųһâų󣬼ǰεĺˮγһŤצǰȥ
ˡֻһ˳ǳεոչʶѰ䣬һȣͬʱһΣյϢϽסߵ˶
Ǹոնһֲˮԭڵλãƺƴ֮ʣղǷӦһ˿Ѿˡ
ءߡܵһֲº˳ˮķӦȥɫһ˵Ȼһζȥ
һʱĸֻȻվûжгնƽˮҪг롣
ơǱеĳ˸оϢͬʱһͬʱһȭ
䡣ˮγ˵ˮڲˮУȵϯķ涼˶
նһĸûٳ֣ܣȻȶţ˽ǹɾǱУĸֶһʵſڴǵȻ֮սҪȻ˭֪ٸ֡
໹׼׷ȥʱ͵͵Ǳ룬Ӿʮ㣬Ͳ뿪ڣһѡ
ȴ˲ʮӺ󣬼ûʲôϣ̾һ뿪ˡ
˴Ӻˮдܳվں棬ɫѿޱȡ
¶ӣǸղǱ˺ˮڣôͻȻ䲻ӰѵѾȥˣɻʵ
ܽ룬Ϊ۷壬ôôľӵùؾֵĸӦ˵
ûпʲôϢĹ½ΰ˵һ䡣
ϢĹܣƾһ˿϶òϣȻȥʲôµ˵˵һ䣬ȻĪķɳ۶ȥ
ʵڲҶСĽǰУЩҺ͸Ӫڵں壬ԽԽ󣬴׶ʱһֱˣԽ˷չЩ϶Խǲԡ
ӣǣҶСȻܹӦǱһɿֲıҰ޵ϢһǱȫ˶ںϺģ
ҶСǰһ·̺󣬱ǽڣҶСڵ޴ݸ߶ȲǺܸߣ˵ü㣬ûҵȥĽڣֻһĵĵȴš


967 
ҶСĽĵһĴʱͻȻ䷢֣һȫɳں屻ɫӵһߣһǽȥ
ѵҪȥ¥㣬ҶСȥǲҪȥ涼ܷŹλᡣ
Ȼǽϳһţźǽںһ𣬸û˿ķ϶ҶС綼ûп
Ż򿪣¶˸ŸĿռ䣬̧ں˽ȥҶСҲ˽ȥϸĹ۲˵ں塣
ڽϵƽȣڵÿһϸ˻о޴ıһг˳ȴҶСһֻعⷴյĸоͺ͸֧õӴһ㡣
ûʾ㣬ڲôϸÿһ㶼һݣҲλͬҶСĲ롣
ʱͣˣŴ򿪣ſɫӵ˽Ӧܡ
ɫˣ˳ȥǲû߳ݣǹ涨ɣ
ҶСߵһ㿴ȥﶼС䣬ںڴϣÿһСڶɫ֮ˣǼںĸָ
ѪѹӦΪ8Ϊ8ȵȺܶЩСڴ˳ȥ
һУؾ֣ؾ֣ĸʮǶǿߣ֮⣬ǽڸһװ־վڣǶй̶λãûʲôرǲ뿪ԼλõģЩҲһ
ҶСܺ棬һǶں⣬һֻʲôأʶչԵϲ鿴һ޴Ŀռ䣬кܶЩںڽڣ˫ֺ˫Ŷ̶ˣԴҲһȦ֪Ǹʲôõģһ˲Ǻܶ࣬ÿһǰ涼һ̨ԣһɫӵڵǰ棬֪ôʲô
ĿƼͦߵģҶСͿס
˺þãͬķʽһ㣬һûдãҶСȥ
һȫǵĽ䣬ʱʱгʶչ鿴ȥں壬Ѿ˹˫ĿбŷҰһĹâ弫ΪʵеںǸһףеĽСȼߡ
ں⣬ߣںЩںսǵս
ҶС翴һ£ЩںսңΪߣһģǽһƽ١
һĿռ䱻һǽڷΪ֣ǰĲǷֳ˺ܶĽ䣬Ĳֽĸһ¥һ㣬кܶɫӵˣеڸʵ飬ڵԲϵô
Ī˵ػڲǵˣڲĺԱ˾ǺԱΪſڽſдһо֣ǺԱڡ
ſؾĸ֡
ĻڷҪȥˣڲǸ˵İõϵĳɹʺܴ
ȴСʱҶСŵȵ˻ᣬǱǵĺ֮ء
һĸ򣬻У֮ûˣҲΪ˼й¶Σա
һֿռĸ߶ûһֵĸ߶ȸߣоģһңѵءĵȵȡ
Ҳ˵ȫˣʧȥɣԶҲ߳طֱ
ҶСüͷ壬Ͳ֪ڲǸʲôӣѰҵеڣ֪ʵصʱһڲǸ˵ĪҲ֪Ϊĵ飬ұ¶һ¶ҪȡϽңңڡ
ʶչ鿴۾Աһжкܶ˶һȵӣЩҶСֱӹ˵ˣ˸ͲǻǱ˽ˡ
鿴˺ܶ࣬һһɳҶСע⣬ǶŮӣһλʮҡһλʮ꣬ȻΪʵعţǵɢһɱһ˿ĵΪоԱǵȻ׵Щںʱ򣬻ɶѡ
ûа취ʹǵӳ𣿡һͷ۾˽һӢĽǹԡ
ûа취ֻµʱ䡣ɫӵоԱ˵
µʱ䣿Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ǵһоںֻڣӽоʲôʱܹ
ǡ
ЩҶСһЩںͺµľû㣬ҪȻʵضȫӰ
ҶСûЩϸĹ۲ˣɳǸ˻ûܾܿС
ͻȻ䣬ʮŮҶСע⣬Թʵ󣬱˵Էʲôɢ˽ŵѵڷڲһϣ׼һֵϸơ
пܾˣҪȻһоԱʲôһֱ˵Ͳһϸ۾ԱӦӵеġ


968 ѧ
ҶСǱʵҵĺ֮صʱѾǵڶ糿ˣ賿ʱѾصԼķ䣬һ϶û˯ȴҶС磬ҶСûл
ɶ񣬻쵰ǰȻʧ٣ǵģһҪúýѵһ٣кݺݵڻû׼ʵأھ׼룬ҶС绹ûлһҪҶСĳ嶯
ѵŮûȥһҪĽѩĽѩúù̹ܼܽңǸ쵰
ӳ¶ӳԸɣ˼֮ʣĪ¥´
߳˷ȥ
ò˵ĪһܺõÿһٷģǱֵĺܹǵĻҲķӡ
һЩ򵥵ͣڲϲã˾Ҳ˲ϡ
ףСֵܻûȥĪҶСû˵һ׼ȥҶС硣
ΪҶСʮҲûʲôƣԳĴˣȥҶС磬ǳˣŲȥֻὫڲϣԾͳԣԾ
ȥˣڡ˵һ䡣
ڣĪɻĿࡣ
Ͼͳȥˡһ䡣
Ī˲ϣ΢΢üͷһ˵ӳСֵܻ᲻ʲôΣգ
ʲôΣաû˵Ǹ쵰ΪôߣܹΣգ붼ǳȥˣ
Ļһ֮ӣĪ΢΢ЦЦû˵ʲô
ǿɲһΪŵ۷壬Ҫ֪Ǹʵأֺܶ٣˵ճȥһȻսڽ
졣˫ĿбųɫĹâ˳εĻ
û˵ʲôֻ֮ɫ鲻࣬ϡ
ķóԣԵĺñǺǡ󣬳ŶƤ˵һ䡣
ĪһӣΪСֵܳ£òŶ˼룬ֱ̣ʳȻΪߣƷʵ̫ˣխԡ
УĪԷкøУΪģΪһʱ򣬷ȴ˵һ䣬֪ĵغܺãΪǶӳòӣԸ̫ˡ
С㣬ȥˣǲȥĸʵˣʵ
ȥûκιϵ˵һȻ˳ȥѰҶС䡣
߳ȥһӺ󣬳ź⣬ĿͶĪʵûмǸΪ͵˳ȥ
⻰ĪＫΪĲˬȴûбֳʲôûСҡҡͷ˵
ô˵ܵĳȥˣ֪ʲôȥˡüͷ˵
˻ǲȥҪôܽظĻǾ͸ȥ
ˡʵڣҶСȷĿ꣬ʮŮڵʵȥҪĹͷκε⡣
ʵҵŹرţҶСûа취룬Ͳ֪ȥķһֱȴһСʱʱ䣬ʵҵſˣʵڣӵ˳ͬʱʵҲ˳ǶȥһʳóԷġ
ͨһĽſڣмΪϸļװãȫ³·⣬ʲôܴҪȻͻᱻ
ǳȥʱҶСǱʵңŮӾУŮʵڻˣǻŬĹš
ҶСߵŮӵʵ̨ǰ˿ŮǰŵϣҶС֪ŰɫӣȻסħһġ
ɫĴ˿ҶС綼ûʱȥ۲죬Ҫľϡ
ҶСǰʩչһþԷֹĳʲôĶ˷֡
ǻˣѾˣߣҪҪţ͵ûдڡҶС
ҶСĻ΢΢һͻָ˵ʲ
ǱеԣڵϴֺҶԻǿңҲҵעʱ̱侲ҶС
װʵӣһɫҺԹмԼȻ˵ǰһϣȻƶĵͷָ˼ĸ˼ô֪ҡ
ҲݶǾϸ˳޵ļ֪⣬˸Ͳ֪
Ҹоģб˵ĵʱеţ⣬˶ûЩ˵˭ҶС紫
һδʱѾȷˣΪǵĻ϶гûС
õģֻһܹо仯ҶСٴδ
ٴָһ֣ô֤Լݣ
ҶС罫þķΧ󣬸ûܹ͸Ȼظ֣Եóȫȥ鿴ҶСһ˿ûԷеĵ۵¡
ҶС罫ǸͷӸԼ˳ݵǰͬʱģǿҵ


969 
ҶСеƣɫһ䣬е㼤ҶСеƴҶСǹ֯׳һȻûмҶС磬ǴһӾϳҶСݣû뵽ξȻ׳ԳˣеļԼӸ
ҶСѹͲ֪Լеƴʲô֪˿¶һʱ䣬Ϊͱʾȡʩˡ
ǿѹеļٴε㶯˼ʣ㣬ҪϿͲܣΪҪȫ¶һһҹʱ䣬Ҳһһҹο豸Ļ»˵ע⡣
û£ƶһ֣豸㲻õģҿ㽫ڣؼûֿϵӲ̣ҶСʵ
дϲĻȫԸˣٵ㶯˺ܶĸ˼ǣѾ洢׼ˣһֱûлʹá
ڽΧһ׵ķΧʩչ˻þĵأֻҪΧʲô˷֣ҪҶС紫
վǽϵһĺиǴ򿪣óһָ׸ǴСĶȻִӵ·ĳóһߣЩ߶ʵڳõĶҲ˻ɡ
һкִĹｲһСһȡ°װϡ
еĶ׼ú󣬶ӵʱһߣ߲ڵʱֶе
Ƭ̺㽫һϴء
ؿʼ󣬾쵽ûעЩһٵڵ㶯һĸڵǰʱ̫ˣͽˡ
áҶС紫ͬʱȥþֽԱߵ豸ȥ
ҶСеľʹʵʱʵڵ˶ʵ飬ҶСһͷȷʵԼĳ
ԼСʱһˣҶС罫豸ʰ
ЩղųԷȥ˻ˣЩԥ֪ôҶС˵
㲻ùңģû£ƽʱôҲô͵ҲڡҶС
ҶСĻ֪ôȥˣȻҶС綼ؿڽҲаղñ˷֡
ֻҪͻϣҶСæڸǣʱҶСո˵󣬻أֻҪ˿Ҫ鿴豸ʱͻʩչʩչþ
ݲͣرӡҶСĵҲûʲôѶȣֻҪ΢Сһ㣬
Ϊ񹦵ԭ˷ĵĶţΪˣû˸оõʹĹٺãᱻ֣ΪôΣ˵嶼˿˿Ǵﵽʥ
ʵڣкߡȶȸӦǵַڣʹôΣ̺ĿֲβסģҶСͲͬˣѾķ룬ͼⲻ
ҶС翪ĵĿһһصʱסˣʼΪҶСȥŮȥˣֵһϣҶС绹ûле㵣
ѵҶСʥ֣ҪȻôһһҹһʱϼѰ˱鶼ûҵˡ
룬ӦòʥִˣȲ˵ʥֻ᲻֣ʹ֣ӦʲôһһҹƽƽģûʲôŵŻߴԣ˲ʥֳ֡
쵰ߵʱ򶼲˵һ͵͵ģ˵ˣһÿк޺޵
׼ٵʱ䣬ҶС磬ͻὫ¸棬ҲһһæȻĽѩȫĴع
ҶСʵصĵڶ賿ĵʱ򣬽ȫȫʱޱȼˡ
ʵʱ͵֪˵ĶںϵļƻʱǰȥܾˣΪѧоԱ±ȥȻ͸һ񣬵ʵƳɹؽϴ
⼸һֱ棬ںϵĳҲںˣôȫΥչȻɣ϶ѡ
ʹʵңʵ飬ǳ񣬵òУϵõڿԽˡ
ҪȥҴȥ꣬ҶС
˵㶯ĸ
ҳȥ˰ɣң϶ᱻֵģ㻹Ƚͳȥ˵
룬ҶСȷʵҲǣһ˴ûа߳룬һʧǿ϶֣ᷢΪ֣ǴһôֵΧ£ҲУ˵˶ȥ
һˣʹЩַˣаߣڽ˰ɱꡣ


970 ѵ
ãȳȥˣԼౣأ滹ǽʵػˣһȥҶС紫
лл㣬ֻҪܹʵһˣҳȥνˡ
Уǹҵ˲ţԹһкܴôѵ뿴棿ѵ㽫뿴֡ҶС紫ܹоѾˣû˶־һƬҰΪʧȥĿµģҲǶԵ˽ѧô˵طµģ뿴
иֳ֣
ǵģѾˣһصĵطһֹޣֹǿޱȣһɱһƬͨˣȿҪĶ࣬Щ⻹µֳ֣Ҳ뿴һĲŻô˷ˡҶС紫
ҶСĻĿ⽥ƬҰɢȥһҹ䡣
ҵ㡣
ȿȣ仰̫ˣǺǡҶСЦЦ
һ¶Щ΢졣
ˣټģҲȺܾáҶС˵꣬˻þߵȴʵŵĴ򿪡
һ峿üԹҳ֮ɫȻƽʱҶСüŭۡڿ࣬ҶСͻȻԵ޹ʵʧһӸо˺ܶ࣬ҶСİΣ
ޣôᵣǸĵĻ쵰వţ϶Ľѩģһģֻһ˻ȥˣʱĽѩһô졣
ţһģԼһܺõĽڣھԭ˵ҶСİοԼ֪ʹ֪һ㣬ϡ
ӳС绹ûл𣿡¥Ѿ׼Īʵ
ûУ治֪ܵȥˡһ˿˿˵
ҿ˳ɶΪˣôõһСӾôûˣǿϧô͵ΪͲӦýһڿɺãûԼûˣʱһһ߰̾˵һܹҶСӡ
졣Ȼתͷɫâһ̳
ʱ䣬δһоζ
ӶԷĿоܸоõԼǶԷĶ֣ǣѾ˳ͻôܵͷأµǰ
ʵʵ˵ѣӳʲôĵط㱨һ۷徳߶ѣȻ񣬼ֱӲŲ˵
Ѿ޿̵ĵزڵӿ׼֡
ʱһֲϢ˲žžžûпʲôӰһ
̫ˡһ༫ΪϤ£һӰͳ˲ǰһϣӰҶС硣
ոշɱ׼ȥ䣬û뵽˳εĻһμʱܶԷܿ˵ûмƽϣҲǿŶΪҷϡ
һεĻʵ̫ˣǰͲҶС˭Ӷˣֱ˼ơ
ҶС磬΢΢һϲ˲Ͼһ㺮쵰ܵȥˣ㻹ǻΪˣȥɫк˵㡭
ʱҶСһ˲ǰ౧˻У΢΢ͷͶסʺ콿
һˣ˫۵ɵԲԲģֱǿˡ
һҶСſȻϣ˵һ䣬徻ˡ
㡭쵰˪ϸֳƬΣߡ
ʱһŭ˹㾹ȻҴҡҪɱ㡭ҶС˦˳μƣõĶǰαҶСˣԴκģֱҶС罫ǿһ²ŷӦ˹ҶСʱһŭ֮ɫĴ
ԼȻһ۷˦˼ƣ̫ˣ˶ԴˣǸһԼΪ͵˦˼ƣԻģҲһǴŭ
οƶҶС˹ָſõɫâ׼ҶС˦ļƷȥ
ǣûеҶСǰʱһɫľ˲γɣһץסνֱ˳ȥ䡣һصˤԺڡ
ܹ侲ҶС֣֧Ÿһʱ䣬ǣѾŭƣҶСһоͽƷˡ
½ΰĪһ𾪵ӣû뵽Ϊֻ۷徳ҶС羹ȻǿǶη֮ġ
౾ҶСһ٣Ǹոͱνˡ
ûгԶˣǶˡҶСϣһӵʳױȵٶɨ
һ첻ԷûʲôӰ죬θյܡ
ϣôҶС̻ʣЩ׼ѵҶСĻôҲ˵ˡ
αҶСӵԺУΪε£½ΰͷˣϽԺ䡣
αгŭ𣬲ҶСôһӣ˹ղҶСͻȻǰٶȣܷľƣʱ˹ҶСΪ֣۷徳Ϊȫڰϻ


971 ģԩ
¶ӣôûˣ½ΰͷĳιĵʵ
û¡ϵȵĺ⣬޺޵˵˾䣬ߡ˵꣬˳ȥ
ҶСӳ˷䣬ûȥˣοҲ뿴ҶСˣ뿪Ψһѡ
˵뿪ҶСûᣬרĵĳŲϵķˣҶСһʱͻȻ뵽ûгԷֱһ̧ͣͷűŹֵʵ㻹ûг㣿
ҵ㶼Թˡû˵ɫ䡣
Ǹ̫ˣӸ㡣ҶСҧһڣȻ󽫱ӵ˹
㡭Ǹ޳ܵĻ쵰һ䡣
лл佱ҶС˵һ䣬ȻζĽһӡ
˵ΪһԵĪǴΣһЦ⣬û˵ʲô;ҶСǸֵˣղſҶСչ¶ֺ˼־ء
ҶСףһֽͷĳ嶯ȻҲֻǸ뷨ѣұ֤ҸжҪ󻵵ռˡ
⼸ܵȥˣôߵʱ򶼲һкǻΪˡʵ
ڵңҶС̧ͷһЦĿ˵
㣿ˣֻʧˣĽѩҪˡЦһ˵
㶼ңΪʲôҪ㣿ҶС練ʵ
㡭Ǻǡʲô߼ѵ㣬Ͳ֪ˣජҶСʵ
ܣֻԵҵ˵ҶСƤһ˵
㡭Ǹܹ伸ʮ
СֵܣԵ޹ʧ⼸죬ӳѰ㣬ʲôΣգĵĶûгԷʱĪǺһЦ˵뻺һԶԿĹģĵҪȴƫƫװ޲öԷӣĪһЦ
˭һˡĪһ˵ȻƳҶСһۣеСڶ
㵣ҵķϣҾ͸ȥҶС˵꣬һڱưƵľ׽š
ȥҶСԷˣûзӦ࿪ʵ
Щˣٵһ֭ҶС罫쵽ǰ
ݺݵصҶСһۣһӣǽӹ˳
ĪվҶСȥ֭˼С֮ûбҪϹˡ
顣
㡣һӳ˳еĲݺݵķҶСǰжй֭Һ˳
Ѿ̬ȾȻôǵġҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ֭ĺһСڡ
⼸һֱڡˡʵأҿ˶ں壬ǵʵǿһսܺ࿹⣬Ǵģ»ѡҶСض˵
һֱʵأɻĿҶС磬ػţôȥģҿΧһ򶷺ۼûС
Ȼ͵͵Ǳȥģô㲻ţҶСϴŵ΢Ц˵
ҲţҪעǱȥͲܡ˵
ûʲôܵģҲǱȥˣҽڲҵǹǸˣİ£ǽе϶ǸʵصϣˣһһҹҶСӿڴó豸еߺһָ׸ǴСĳ濨
ҶСϵĶһŵӣ¶˼֮ɫ벻ôѵҶС羹Ȼܹһ˽̫˼ˣϣģֲҶС˵滰
ɲҪƭңҪƭңԷ񡣡ùϵ豸ȻʹҴææ¥ȥ
̤¥ݵʱҶС˹Ļһڡ
һ٣˵á
˵꣬ȥ
СֵܣõˡˡʵصϣߺĪҶСʵд˲ţҪ֪ǰֽȡϣǲԼͬĶǱ˳ûһ˳ɹҶС羹Ȼһ˾ͽǵ˶š
Ȼˣƭʲôǰ;ҶСƲƲ˵
ҶС˵ģĪһĻɡ
һһ˫Ŀ͸¶εļ
ִʱ쵼͸˵жôѶôҪ鿴һıãнṹͼҲ֪ѳ̶ȣɣҶС羹Ȼһ˽룬ϴڷǰôͬʱҶСҲôģ뵽
ôûƭɣҶС˵˵һ䡣
ỹһκ¡࿴ҶСһ˵ҶСιͺܴ󣬵ǣȷʵŹҶС磬֪ǰɫȾ߷֣Ϊ˲⣬ϴ


972 ֻһ
ôģҶС濴ҶСʵ
ѵ˸ղŴӦҵ£ҶСϹҳһ˿Цݡ
һ˫ĿҶС޲ýҶСж˿飬ҧҧվ˫ֳסӣǰҶСϿٵһ£ȻϽϣ˪ϸֳһĨߺ졣
㡭ʲôҶСһɻɫеСµģ
㡭ҶСһһᣬ²ǴӦһ𣿡˵
ղû˵Ұ˵㣬οˣȻŮåȻϷˣӦҪȥǷǡҶСһ˵
û˵һٴһ㺮һ˫ɱڣʱ֮Ҫɱ˵ĳ嶯̫ɶˣ˱˻ԣ֮޳֮
úúãҸ˵˰ɣɫҶС˵ǰС˾Ͳˡ
͵͵ǱȥģķʩȷʵǿҪĹ򲻶ɫǱȥҲǧѡҶС̾һ˵
˿ںѾ˵ڶʵǿڶ֪жں˴ĸʵ˳ȥҺǻģһںֻѵڣڶں˿ѵ¡
ѵ棿üͷ֪ҶС˵ʲô˼
ѵʶѵʱ䣬˵ԵȵȲڵʱڡҶС͵
ĻЩʹں˵ˣֻҪЩںÿһΰº󣬽ǱŪԣӳǵʱ䣬ǲ̫ˣ˵ǻϾͲڡһص˵
㣬ôı䲻ˣҪľǴݻǸʵأҽԱȳ˳ȥںˣǾ͹ܲˣ˭֪о˶١ҶС˵
ûں˵飬ӸΣգһЩںȫӿ˳»ѡൣĵ˵
õģЩֲܣֻҪǰĹþˡҶС˿ûΪںͳȥ鵣ǣ˼Ѿ˳ȥҲǰ׵ġ
Щںȫڵͺˣӻһξ޴ѡ
ʵóϣ¶ˣװСཫһķ֮һƴĽеҶС硣
Űɣʱֱӽȥ淢ĽҲҪһ롣ҶС˵
ðɣ˵Ȼ󽫽
ܲ˵һˡʵڲ࿴ҲСʵ
УǸʵؾ֩һ㣬еĽһģ濴Ȼһ壬ûа취룬ǿƻĻȡԡ
ҶС罫ʵڲ˵һ顣
ĪüͷǸʵصķ֮ϸѾǵ󣬽ƾ˿³岻룬Ҫи֧š
ҪһüչӣǽƻֲǳȥҶαںǵķʩأҶСƲƲ˵
˵۾Ϊ֮һղ߽һͬû뵽һ㡣
ȻȥƻǾƾ˵ʵǲ侲˵
ƻĻһ˶㹻ˣһҪȳֻȷʵ㽫»㱨ȥǸʮصĸ֣ʱȥǺɨˡҶС˵
ΪôˣȲ˵֯ܲɳôֵ⣬ʹɳһᱻ˸٣ʱܻŵͲˣһôĸߺԼĹңΪ˲ӰƽǾԻ֡࿴ҶСһ˵
֯ĸˣҪؾϵģΪ͵ˣҪǷǡҶС˵
õģһᾡϵġ˵
ҶСٴ̸һ߽˷Լķ䣬ϵˡ
С࣬ʲôҪ飿ĵдһƵпԿһˡ
׳ҶСһ˽ˡʵصϵõˡ˵
ã̫ˣڵõǷϣû뵽һ˾ȻܹεǰС󣬻ҪĶǣ⣬ʲô飿
ҪҵһѧҾȳƾǵѽǸ˰ȫľȳҪĸ֣ĸ֡
Ƶеüͷԥһ˵ظֲܣǶæµһȡһ˶ִ񣬸ûжˣҪҸǶһЩصĸ֣㿴ô
ؾȥҲֻǰװˣһؾ˹ˡһĨʧ֮ɫ
С࣬Ҳɳˣʵû֣ϣܹ£Ҿȡ񡣡˵
ף׳ټ˵һȻرյ˵ԡ


973 
ҶСķŲûйرգֱ߳˾ȥϡ
㶨ˣϣ˫׼ϢһҶСо˹˫ʵ
ûУֻһĸ֡൭˵
ɣ֯ôˣѵһֶɲҶСһŵ˵
˶æ׼һؾˣҾܾˡ˵
ΪʲôҪܾҶСһʵ
ؾʵ̫ˣȥ˻ҪȥȣΪǵۡ൭Ľ͵
Ǹ׳գǸҪǣǻʵһߣÿԳûȳҶСһ˵
˼ȥຮҶСʵ
ɲô˵ģܻܲžͿԼˣûκιϵɵŮ˰װ׷ŹһҶСƳһٴ˴ϡ
㡭û뵽㾹Ȼôˣ
ʲô飿ѵķľͽˣϵˡ֮ˡԩ֮˶ǣôȥܣҶСʵ
ʱ˵˻ȻҶСȷʵ˵ĺеʼվﲻԾǾԼҲ˵
ϧãһؾܱûǿö࣬ʲôʱҶСʵ
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Ǻðɣ˽һңǽжҶС˵
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һ㶼æҲΪ˸ʱ䣬һһѧ˺ܶĿΣٵˡҶС˵
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Ҫ˵˵һ죬ȥôҶС˯ʵӣ˵
ˣͽϰɣҶС˵۾ȫָˣͥڵԣųĿĹʡ
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ʦ㣬Ȼ໹Ҫ䣬ıʹֳı䲻ͬǴС⣬⣬ʲôǶ綫ԻֳĮϺǶһԼΪء
ھߡҶС˵
·
ãߡҶС˵˾䣬˸ҶС
Լʦ㣬ĻȻҲֻǱƽʱһѡϻشر򵥣ǣǣããõȵȫЩ򵥵Ĵ
˵ĶԻҶС簵Цѣ˻Ȥ
ǰеĹУ˵ҶСĻ˵ҶСǸ޳ܡ쵰åȵȣֻһ֡
Լʦô˵һҲ˵ˣʦһģһ˪ˡ
뵽ˮкҶС˺ˮڣϵϢȴûɢ
ȵ˺ǣҶСȫϢȻᳵ·ʵڻжȥ
ףôͻȻʧˣȻܲκϢֲܹɫĽ롮ˡʵأʦ㣬ܹоõ𣿡ߵʵ
ܣǰʥоܲ򵥡˵һ䣬һ·˵һ仰
Ǹ쵰϶Ըڸؾˡవһ˵
˵ĲҶСȷʵע⣬ȻѵͶαԼԶأ
ҶСֱǱ˽ȥϸĹ۲ռ䣬Ѱռ㡣
ĴϽ˺ĹУ˫ĿɫĹâųֻӳһɫĹâӿʱ䣬һ޴ıγɣԾٶǰȥ
ȥλþǽʿȶλá
ʿȻΧĺˮѣӿƷһѣеʿγһõĺһʮϵĵâն˱
ӲƾâҲֻƳһ롣
ʱѾǰʮ֮Զ緢ΧˮˣֻӶıưһʿͬʱһֻиָͷ˳ȥһɼų󣬳ʿ


974 ȶĿռ
ԼʦʵǺģϳֵʱʹǲ㵭ɫâ롣
Ȼͼֽǵеʱ򣬻ǱǰһĻˣǰһɢŽĸ¥Щ¥֮зֱͨһĳС
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˵ģǸ쵰ܵȥˣòǹһ˶ְɣ
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ʱŷӦ˹ϽգԼղȷʵˣҪ϶עעģؼǸղҶСȽ룬ΪûʲôΣգȻͷû뵽˷ˡ
ʵ棬ʿʿӶӰ㣬ЩȫȻ顣
׼յʱȻһϽǰӶһâͼסǰĹâûãǵ˲䴩͸âҪ͸ࡣ
ʿһʿǰȻоܿ£û뵽Ҫ
һʿǣʿһѱӣ˲䣬ʿͳһĵ
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벻úʿĵͻȻΧˮͻȻ䶼һ˵ʧޣ߸ûżһ㡣
ϾȥʱӰ󣬾ҶСɱʿʿʱ
Դʵߣͬʱ˱ϳ˹еʿɢݺ⡣
˸ղŵǳʵض˺ֶܶ߷ʵڲǶ֪ˡ
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ðɣȥرԵҶС˵һܵиǰץֱۣ˵Ӱʧˡ
ԼҶСŴظ߲Էûо쵽˵ֲܹɫĽȥؽõ֣ԭϢĹôáǵȻġҶС˵һ
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ҶСйâӶΪһ󵶣ݺݵ˳ȥĿռȶȷʵռĴȶԸߣ󵶻ĺۼΧҲڵѷγɣԶԶûиղôء
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顭˸߽ȥӭ˵ıܼӵȫװ־ˣ˽ԥĿǹҲԼʵܲܺҶС࿹⡣
ʵﶼ𾪼ˣһѷˣʵȻǿûߣǱʹǵְҲʹʹ


975 ɱ
ǹ𾪵ЩƳγεĵͷھҶСһߵľͣޱȣͺС۷侲ֹա
ҶСһ֣Щĵͷзɳöĸ˵üģĸ˵˵ϣϢʧʱϻһ֮ɫ
ʱҶСһӣʣЩӵƻһɻɫӸղƿѷ˳ȥٶȼ죬֮ǹٶȻҪü
һϵزҽղокܶʿ˹ǵȻƿǷ
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䡣һ죬Ƴŵ
ǵҶС綯ˣһĲӰй⵶Ӷ
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طЩҺȾ˺ɫǲҶСɱˣԼɱˣAK47ǹ֧ɨ䣬һһȥûдҶС練Լˡ
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𡭡ȽŴʱʮֻԼں˳ǰʱѾ֮ܳΪˣӦó֮ΪޣǾֱߵ࣬еҰˣе˴ˣ֮⣬кܶදں壬ǵĿǷ֮ɫֻ໵ĺС
ںˣ࿴ǰʮֻںһ˵Щں˵ʵѾܹؾˣЩ˰޵Ķ˳ȥһѾҪˣǵΪǺܸߣʵڴĻȫѹơ
Ͼ߶һһɵģǺܶ࣬ЩںˣֻҪ˷ܹ׵ʹĸ֡
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976 ȳ
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磬ؾϵĸжҶС粻֪֪ںǺһ𱬷˳һֹ
໡ЩںٴγХһ϶һԭʼй޵ζͺһŨҵϢ𣬺ܶͨմȾϢ÷ɥʧǡ
ѪǲˡҶСߵ˵һ䣬ɫâӿгûɵģĵҪܶࡣ
ҶСĿ磬Բ׽Ӱÿһէ𣬶Ѫһߡ
нɫâһӰأΧ֮ڣûܹڣһӰһںһУͻըһѪͬʱǿȵƻһУʹЩں˾޸ƻٶȱ֮޸ٶҪĶ࣬Ǿȫ
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ĸҶôΪû棬еĹ׷ǸΪϾô֣ƫƫҶС̥
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ңϴεЩ㣬ߡҶСֱۣɱ˳ȥЩ赲ˣһӶкܶ
ʵҳһš
ʱһԻٳѾһӺ󣬿ʼִУʱڿʼ6059
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һܵĻ졣˵һһҲϽȥϽظں棬˶ʶʧ̬أҪʵرը˵Ļľ޴϶ռǲܹߵĻͻſռıޡ
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ЩҶС˲ܲˣٵǱУԼģҶС¶һ˿⣬ʵѾ˱ըıԵǾȻʵΧǻ̫ˣ
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¶ӣô˵ǹҪ˽˵ĳ޵ȹҵԼ˵
ԼʵжҲˣ˼Ķ֣Ҳ֪гضҪʲôķҿûǰ֪ô˵ǲǴĵǸС˼ˣ˵⡣
㡭㾹Ȼܹ˵ĻֲǰЩ˶ȥˡһŭ֮ɫ˵
㾹Ȼֿ˵λȻվһ˫ӺҰŷɱ⡣
Ҷɱ⣿ŵĿų˵
ź⣬ɫԥͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ŭĴһȻ㣬㾹Ȼй¶Ϣΰ֣նɱˣΪҳȥͽ
½ΰ΢΢һ㶱˹ǣӳ
˵꣬һŷĺȥͬʱҲˣһȭŷԴȥ
ӴƼлоԼ̶ٻͶ㲻ȥεĻһѰѵӸͷû뵽ξȻôһ޳ܵˣȻ޻ϣֱ޳֮
ѵҽҪΪǱһɬʵȵȺܶิӵɢ
ʱͻȻһӰǰӰ˵ĸߴ󣬺ƸɽǰΡ룬ӰĴڣоԼȫ˺ܶࡣ
顭Ӱ˳ȥǳκ½ΰˣصˤǽϣѪ
㣿ûδӵӰʱһһ־֮ɫ
ӰȻҶСˣǵĶԻҶС֪˭˭飬˭˭
ϣҶСĿĹâųʵ
ۡѾˣܲסҶСĿѹٴ³һѪ
ʱһٵĽŲĪ˹ղ̵˺Ժķڴ˳ķʲô飬Ͻ
ô£ʲôˣĪæ˽ʵҶСʱһϲãСֵܣǻˣ
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Ī˿κ½ΰ˿Ѫһ԰׵ʱȰ˵Сֵܣ֮ǲʲôᣬΪµģαضأʲô飬
Īм˵Ȱ⣬˵ģΪµģ˭Ը⿴Լ˳ͻ


979 ϳΪ
ҶСĿһɨųĪʵȰģ
ô˵ԼˣԼ˳ͻֻЦġҶС˫Ŀе⣬Ī΢΢һоĪѹȴȴʱӲͷƤŽӲЦ˵
ѵ㲻֪ҶСĿˡ
֪ʲôĪɻʵ
Ǵʵسʱ˹ֵİΧѰǣǵϵõˡصϡҶС絭˵һ˿
˰ΧˣĪı齩ӲˣȻĿͶ˳ǡ
Ҫһ͡ҶСɢĪУĪоԼϺĴɽ֪֮ԼҶСһĽͣҶСͲ棬ĳ֡
Բ𣬳٣Ϣȷʵй¶ˣûй¶ˣʹй¶ǵģֻϢ˳¶ӳĪĵͷһں֮ɫ
ҶС뿪ȥһˣȻ˳ǣô˻ڴϣȥԼȻҲ֪ʱҶСͳֵò죬ǱԳ˵ҶСûڡڳεѯ£˵˳ȥ
ʱ˵ʱЩԥ뻹˵˳ô˵ͬһϵͳˣΪ飬û뵽˵ɥĲ񣬾Ȼͱ˳ȥ
Ҫúùܹܣ飬ԼɣҶС絭˵¶һĨʧ
ǣ٣һὫԼĴӦȥġĪ˵ˣÿ˶ҪΪԼĹʧۣĪҲ⡣
ĪĻҶС罫ĿͶһ԰߻Ѫĳκ½ΰˣһĹâų
ҲɱǣǣһϵǡҶСΪᡣ
Ļ£Ӱ


ҽκ½ΰ˵ɫӲ԰ˣѪ״̬ڣòûйһ϶̳ƣղŻʮ״̬һӱʮ״̬
ҶСÿһƷϳһΪȵѪʧ˺ܶԭǻָò
εĿĺ⻹мĿ־塣
ҶСֱնɱˣǣֱնɱĻ̫ˣʹľʧȥΪҶСϳǵΪǵĵԺҲ޷ˡ
һһ̵ĸо
飬Ҳһɣڿʼûκιϵ죬׼ǡҶС˵
ǣ١Ī˵
ҲһҶС絭Ŀһ۷˵
ɣﲻӭҶС˵
ҶСĻɴ⣬Ͻһ뿪
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лл˵һ䣬ҶСıӰ¶˸ӵĹâ
ĪһҶСǾ䡮ҪúùܹܡһشУȷʵҲҿҶСûзʲô⣬ҪǷʲô⣬ˡ
ҶСֱķ䣬ʰװСڡ
һ£ûʲôҶСӣ
붫ǺԶҶС粻ǰţһŵҹһȵ֮
ʮӵʱҶСӿ䵽˺߱ͥԺ
ڣƹӰ㿣ҶСںϿռ״̬ѳȻ˽ȥ
ڣĽѩ\ľӣӡС۹ࡢϻһǶڡ
ڸĽѩ\ľӣ˵⼸顣
űŤͷȥֻҶСһ˽
С硭ĽѩһȻվҶС绳Уǵǡλϲá
ҶСˣС۹۾ҲǾϲ״
ᵣģûµġҶС縧һĽѩǳ㷢˵
һĽѩסԼУߺ뿪ҶСĻȻϸĴҶС磬ҶСûܵʲô˺һ
ҶСĽѩСһߵɳϡ
ǲĪй¶ϢཫĿͶҶС硣
Ҳ˵й¶Ϣǵõϵ˳ǣκ½ΰϢ˳ȥҷϵΪҶС˵
ˣղ˵ںˣںôӵģǲǳö˵Դ\ľӣӺʵ
ǣںûжǰûʲôֱ𣬲һǷ˱һ㣬ڶֻһ࣬ں˵ʵֻ죬ȴױȵ޸ôһǾͿֲޱȣµִں˺ܶˡҶС˵Ȼһһ
һıûʲô仯һ²ؼӣг˽Ǳԡ


980 
ʲôԣһƽʵ
ĻھͿԡҶС˵һ䡣
һ˫Ŀбų⣬â󣬺ƶҪ˺ռ䣬һ̼䣬ڵĵƹⶼûĿ
òھ׼ұԣҶС翴һʵ
ղ˵ġһضҶС磬ҶС練һ㡣
ðɣڲʮһˣСʱ㿴ôҶС˵
ãҵ㡣һ˵һ䣬뿪ƽ̨ϣֱӿ絽˺ϡ
ڡˡʵսһսѪûнô˻úսһһһԸҲһΡ
ģȻطϢһ¡ҶС翴˵һ䣬ȻĽѩСŷȥ
ʦ㣬㣬һɣҶСĽѩߺϺ˵
˵˵ͷ
ǼŮӱԻ˷䡣
ʱǳһսһţ˶Էҵĸ֣һս˰죬ըһ𣬻кӿסں˿žһĻ׷ԼҵӰ¼û⣬ʱ򣬿Ƶܴȫ
ҶСķڣĽѩԴҶСţ˰ϣĸŶԷĴڡ
ѩʱܿൣˣҺһұԣؼң㿴ôҶС˵һ˿Ǹ⡣
Ľѩһ̾ԸԶ
ԲѩҶСǸ˵ⶼǹ̫ˡ
ʱĽѩ˽⣬ȥĻ϶ȥЩŮӣĽѩﵱȻܲ
Ľѩվе㽿⣬ûʲôȱ㣬˵ȱȴ֪ƫƫŮӣѾˣ˵ЩҲûʲôãҪľҶСŮ֮⡣
֪㲻ͨˣҲ֪еλúҪҪҪΪŮˣѾ֪ˣŮˣܻװʲô֪󷽵ŮӽֻҪϲˣҲһ뵽Ů˵ֶ˵ǺŮȹ󣬻ֺˣҾ;úöģԼԼһأС磬˵Ҹô죿˵һ˽ˣǵģҾֻһˣǣվֻλá˵ţĽѩе˾Ө顣
ѩҶСζǸĽһʵڲ֪˵Щʲô
ûа취֪ŮӶװ˿֪ûŮΰҪһİ飬̫̰˰ɣĽѩ˵˶٣ĽѩͻȻЦǸ˵ԲҵһɧӰˡ
Ҫ˵ֻҶԲ㡣ҶСؽĽѩڻС
ûаմǸһĽѩϹۣ΢΢̧ͷҶСʵ
֪򶷵˲Ϣ䣬˭Ҳ˵׼һССʧͻᵼʧܣȻΧĻ̬ȵйءҶС͵
Ҹղ˵һ᲻ӰսĽѩĵĿҶСʵ
ᣬҶҶСָָԼ˵ҶԲ㡣
˵ˣúþһһܺúõսܻصĺĹϵΣںǰһģһֻһĽѩ
ҶС΢΢һ̾е֮ɫŨˣȫ
С磬òֶãʱĽѩͻȻʵ¶һ˿Ц⡣
أһҹѧңڴһˡʵѾ˲֪ж꣬һܹȫȻҾͽ˳֮ʲôϵûУɱ룬Ǹϣʦ㣬໹Ҫ伸֣֮йϵ𣿡ҶСϽ͵
ô˻Ǳռ˱ˡĽѩҶСһ˵
ʱڻ֮е飬ɲҡҶСЦһ˵
֪ղҶǿЦģҾϲŵӡĽѩƤգһ۾Ц˵
ҶС˵ԽںԼеȻܸˡ
㾹ȻҿЦҪúõ̵㡣ҶСװݺݵ˵ȻĽѩ̵ͦĴ¡
ۡͣ֡Ժ㿪ЦˡĽѩϽ˵ҶСĴΣһɱĸоһ󣬱㰲
ʱúܿ죬СʱʱܿȥˣҶСĽѩߵƽ̨ϣʱѾڿǱߵƽ̨ϵȴţҲ뿴εս
ҶС罫Ľѩ͵Ǹƽ̨ûӾͳĵطվһ档
ʱһվںϣƽȣղŴӿһֱվԼԼﵽ״̬
оҶСѾˣһ˫ĿĹâ˫ӱ֮ĻϵǳҪá
һѾȺܾˡһ˵һӽлγʹ䣬ս˫ĶҶС磬һֵ˷ܡ


981 ѱ
һ˫ϸϸϵŵĹâ˽ϸҲڿһս
ҲڴһսɣҶС˫Ŀо棬һӴȻ䷢䡭ߵˮӺϱųȪһ㡣
ҶСһƻƳƺܻǿ쵽˼µķӦһȻϿֻһƣʵȻҶС֪˶ơ
ȵƱŷƺ˲ӿ޾˵á
о಻ϵһĿһеϸֱֱĴ˳ȥƽ棬ûһ˿âһȫ̳ʱһҪصĽӽϱŷһƳǲİƽҲɢա
һһ˵˫ֽսȻ䣬еĽʧէһУֹĸо˶³
ҶС˫һУһһеĽϴ̳ȻջأѾﵽһ£ղһ֮ͬЧ
ͬǣһַ̳â֮ڻţû뵽ҶС
յһɷâ֮Ѿ۵һֲֿĵزҶСǰ̤һ½һ㣬һ
ơ
һȭռڲһȭԵޱȣҪǰ谭ȫݻ٣ݿһƻ
һȭʱոպãһ׼һɻ۵Ŀֲâȫ̳ȥʱ
¡һװը죬ȭĺǷâ֮ıƥܾȥϣأӿƺơ
˶û㣬˶ԷڿֲдҶСʱ˫ĳʱȭͷԵӶʱָָᣬһеĳƻһ㣬Լĸ첲Ҫ̣ãֶβ󣬲졣
\ľӣӵĽѩҹҲӰʱ֣ʱϣͿһȻ\ľӣʵӣӽ㣬С˭
Ҳ֪Ҳ\ľӣӿɬһЦΪ̫ˣͿ
ֻ໥̽ѣûս޷ֱ棬Ӹղ˵Ĺ໥ڲ֮䡣˵ǸĽѩǼ˽˵
ǿڵʶѾһڻͨľˡ˫Ŀеɫâ
ʦ㣬Ǳ˭һЩʵ
֪ҡҡͷض˵ս룺һûа
ҲҶС硢һεĸ֣˵սҲһҪԵĳ嶯
ϣγɵˮǽһһӿ˵ÿһνŷƥ
¡һ޴ıը˵ͬһʱԺʮס
ʱ˾˺ϣ໥ŶԷϵĲ˽ƽϢƽޱȣԭеĺ˶ʧˣͺǱҲޱѹ֣ţһ˿
ǿʼսǱǰ˵
һ𣬺ϻָһأأԽԽ󣬺ƹһХӿˮǽ׸ߣ໥ײĽ
ﺮҶС£Բʮ׵ĺˮȻȫ˺ı㣬ɭɭƽ̨ϵĽѩ˶о˴̹ǵĺ䡣
Ȼ츳ߣϾȵ˵
ʱҶСһȫˣһ
ҶСվڱϣƱѩΨһվѩ׷׶䣬ȴǱž޴ɱ
һһǰгһѱУһȥֺ֪ȸͱⲻסһ
ȻҶСеıпҪﵽһǰʱ飬˵֣һ졣
еϸŷķâ۳˿һ㣬żǿĴ͸ҶСȥ
ҶСӰͻأʧڱڣ磬Ĺȣƶһ֮䡣
ҶСıٴιһ
һüͷ΢΢һ壬Ŀбųâ̧ҽţȻ£ơ
ꡭ飬ҶСٶȽһϸӶҶСıײһ˵ͬʱˣҶСȴһ˵ľ̡
óȫʵһҶС˵
áҶСӦһ˫Ŀɫâͬʱһɺˮ۳ɵˮС
ʱҶС˵Ǹ£һΧĻ𺣣˿Ҫɸɣȼճɻҽ
𣿲ԣǻþһ˵ʱڻеצ˹
𡣡һ˵һ֣еĳɨǰЩɢ¹ڻ𺣡
ôˣĽѩɻʵҶСվԶһȴŽջӶƷһ㡣
ĽѩҲӡ
ĶǿĶһ˵
ȷʵǻþһþѣơһеϸȻֲ̳ĽӿҪеһС
ǰĿռ΢΢Ȼͺǲһ顣
оþ֮ʱΧ𺣣ô侲ʱҲƽղоþˣôڻڻþС


982 ͬ
ԣþղѾƳˣѵⲻǻþôأһһʡ
ʱǿҵĳȸдƶȼ˳һˣߵԻֳֻƾһ㣬һ߸ϸܿܿӡ
ѻͬʱնһռ䣬޴ѹһΪ֮ľ
ǲǻþһҪȥ赲еϸһֻߣͻײһһɾ޴ϸ˼֡
þôʵĻþɫʿѾճ˽ɫҲһ
ʱƽ̨ϵ˿ҶСһսһͻȻ䣬ܣ·ˮȼգ棬˶еһȡ
ôܣôܹƿػԪأһĻʧ
Ҳʮӣ\ľӣӾȵĳͣжܹȥһѼ
һ⣬һֻܹһ֮ô֣ʡ
ⲻǻþĻһһ˫Ŀâų̴ܹ棬ԼԽĲƽʱûй
ءһһϸϱŷ˻صϢȻһնܻʱ䱻ֳ룬γһͨ
ӹ麣ʱҶС֪ʱѾһǰ˫ƿٷͿҲ֪˶ơ
ӡ˷һܵ˾޴ѹΧĿռڶѹһ㣬һɳƵĸϽָоԽԽǿңľ
ľ仯ҶСģκֻҪþͻᱻҶСӰ죬
ҧһԼ⣬Լˣ˫ֽϸһǿҵĽֱ˶ƻһеϸ̳ռݺݵز
䡣һ죬ϸƳҶСӡ˵嶼˳ȥܵ˺Ѫӿ
׽ʱҶСȻ䣬һɺƳ˸첲һϸɫ׵ж˲䣬һͷ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶС羹ȻһС
¡һһӻ˺˵ȻǲɱģղڶѪӿڿҪ³һѪˡ
ҶСУƽǷӿѪ򲻵ѣû˻³һѪȻ³һЩȴЩѪҺ̺ȵ;
˶١ҶСٴʹóһ֮й˵һоԼеľˡ
ʦ㣬û˵ܹƿ֮ˣüʵ
ûУǰʱйֻ鱾ϼģ˭Ҳûм̫Զˡ˵
ҪЩʲôջûʳ
߱һȶΧĿռ䵴һĿռһ㡣
˵ս¶һ֮ɫ
û뵽СӾȻܹʹ֮ҪҪһ£
ˣصϹŶ̫ˣСܹôǿʵû˴ڣǸܵģһĸ֣Ǿ͵òʧˡջǷˡ
ڣһ·µ
һӰӺ˳վںϣһһİʿױ˺ɫһҲ˺ɫ
ղһʼǻþһҶСʵ
ǻþȴǻþҶСһЦǿһǱӲЦ
ټ٣ټ棬Էֱ棬ѾоˣĶ֣һϣܹóȫһҶС˵
ãͳ򵽵սҶСĿйâ
Ļո£ɫâƣϼͬҪϼˣһ̼ҫ۵ģضˣĻ¶ʧȥɫʣһϵҲʼʵǣڲϵǡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСĹâʧһƬɫ׳ϣ쫷һѻ𵶣һΧдУѽɫ֣ͷ
һ̼䣬ҶС˽ȻΪã£ʵ̫ˣҶСһʱʽһãͬ
ܵҶСΧǿֲϢһɫǰδеأоԼͲǶ֣ûпʼսһֶ־Ѿʧע˽֡
ȻصĿ̾һͻȻ䣬뵽ҶС绹ǸߣߵΪҲǿޱȣֻǶ֣ۺãǿɲһһô򵥣Ƿ˺ü
Ҳ첨ˣû뵽ҶСֲ˹ȻܹĻͲκˡ
ҲĶ֣뵽еɬ꣬ΪԼٶѾܿˣΪѾ԰һǿҶС֪ʲôࡣ
еҲˡ¶˸ӵĹâһͬϣɳҶСɵһĻеѪڣҪ֮սһ


983 \ľӣҲȥ
ҶСٶȱͺܿ죬ټµ쫷磬ٶȸǿ죬գۼͳһǰΧǴдľӰϵһս
ŵɫâӴдľӰгһ˹ȥͬʱҶСһһͬʱͷĿֲҲϮ
աһȻ˫ĿĿܹ͸գϸϽ죬°ǰϢûʲôܹ赲һ㡣
һһӿǧ򣬺ϡ
䡣ض𶯣ͬĩգӴƺХǵأȵĺ˸ӿɸߵ˳ƺƵӿյ߱ͱһֹˣʥ߳ˡ
˵Ĺ໥ײ֮£һٴαҽˮҶСʮףɫ԰ޱȣͬʱʹãǶĪսܻһľҲĹȣľ໥ת
תһµĹ켣ͥͬʱڶ֮ë׽룬ڵ
һˮһӺˮԾϵϢܲȶܵеǿȵ˺ҶСܵһˣҪ
Ȼûʧڴ´һսһ˵Ȼ󾲾վںϣ˫Ŀ޸ڵơ
ҶС˵ͷƽ̨ϡ
ô۹⿴ңŮҶСʵ
صĻȻټߵݣһûеˡ࿴ҶС˵
ô˵ˣһɽһɽߣһʵֲ˿϶Уһǵ࣬ҲǶʮңѾ˰ʥҶС̾һ˵˵Ǵ
ҶСĻ϶һݣ侹Ȼ콾˴һ
ΪҲҲԺͰʥ࿹⣬ֻƽʱʱôʹ츳ʵ
ѵûۣ˻ǵ͵һĺãϣǲҪͬ޵˵ȥ±ʵҵСоҶС翴ࡢǼ˵
ģҲ˵ȥġౣ֤Ҳ˵ͷ˼Լ˵ȥҲй¶ȥĺʱ򣬿϶кܶǰҶС鷳
лұܡҶС˵һ䡣
л˵
ҶСߵĽѩ׼ص䣬ͻȻʲôһ㣬Ťͷ࣬ˣǻУȥط
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أҶС罫ĿͶ
ҲᾩҼҾ˵һ䣬ĿŨŨ˼
Ǻǿһȥ·ϻиӦҶСЦЦ˵Ȼ˵ҵĽ
ΪôߣҪҶСһۡ
ǲҪѩҪΪ̫ˣԱҶС˵
ģٲģһһ˵һ䡣
лʱ䲻ˣҲϢˡҶСǺһЦ˵ȻĽѩƽ̨ϣԾǰƽ̨ϡ
ôˣúϢȥתת߽ҶС罫Ľѩӵ˻˵
šĽѩ˵ͷûˣ
ֻһˣϾͺˣõġҶСǺһЦ˵
ҶСĻĽѩһ
ˡʱһˣҿԽ𣿡
ʱ\ľӣӵ
ɣҶС˵ĽѩɻҶСҡҡͷҲ֪ô\ľӣʲô顣
\ľӣ˽ò˵ԲˣǵϢˡ
ôˣʲô£
ˣһȥġ\ľӣӿҶС˵
⡭ҶСЩΪ֮ɫ\ľӣʹһɫĽѩ
ʵҲ\ľӣһͿԸС۹ڹˣ\ľӣڣܹĽѩİȫĽѩ⣬˵ĹϵͲ̫ãΪĽѩĲ죬ǾͲˡ
Ľѩҵ˾ȵģΪ˾ãþ˳ܲ㣬Ҳ֪Ҫȥ\ľӣԽ˵ԽԼһ㣬һԱ
\ľӣ˵Լ޼ҿɹ飬ԼףֻܸҶС߸ĽѩҲԣֻҪܹ棬ʲôԡ
Ľѩеᱻͬķģǿ˵ðɣҴӦ㣬͸סǼҰɣУǸһԶһ㣬ǸһǸåСռˡ
ллĽѩ\ľӣӸм˵ͬʱ˵һ䣬ռԸ⣬ǣûи˵ڡ
һڶ\ľӣӱ뿪ˡ
ˣ\ľӣ뿪ĽѩҶСһ˵
ʲôˣӦģҿûдӦҶСװһԼӡ
ô㲻ʲô뷨ĽѩĿҶС˵
һģҡҶСᶨ˵


984 ջػ
㣬߿ҪһŮˡĽѩҶСһ˵ĿԹ֮ɫ
ģξԲᡣҶС籣֤
ԸɣĽѩ΢΢һ̾˵
ҹǶ죬һںϣΧһӿȥڵƿٵ޸š
ͻأ䣬һӰһߣǸղй۲ҶСһսߣһߵػߡ
һսоΣʵ
ǿҲһ˵˶٣ҵĿꡣ
ģҲģû뵽Ȼܹ˳ɳһΪһԳɾһ񻰡ĿԶ˵
һŬ׷ġһ˵һ仰Ĭ
Ҳ֪ʲô˽̳ͽܣҲǷϣܹԽ߸̾һ䣬αģ
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ľҲ٣¶Ħʾӡ񹬵ȵȵطһȺ󶼹һȦȻʱѾˡ
ڶ糿һ͵˻˻ҶСǷ·һ·ˣһ·ҶСˣӺС۹һֱҶС绳У΢΢˫ۣĽëգʲô
ڻصУΧϤľ£пɢϤζҶС̾һڵˡ
ǰڵˡĽѩҲ̾һа˼ҶСа˼һнٺĸ̾жԼ˵˼ҲжԸãҶС紿һָ̾
ʮȥˣе»˺ܶ࣬һЩĵطлѩûڡ
ȥʱ򣬺ڻʱ򣬸ǽȻͬľ¡
ˣУҴû\ľӣĴ˵
˵˺ܶˣˣԺͽС硣ҶСһ\ľӣ˵
ǡ
ûʲôǵģĲˣҾصҶС˵
ðɣС硣
ŶҶСЦЦ˵
ԺҪһӣֱӽҶС硣ĽѩҶСһۣŤͷ\ľӣ˵
ҶСЦһ¡
߳һ⣬Է԰ʻȥ
ϣĽѩ\ľӣĵú𾢣ҶС綪һߣҶС籧С۹ڸʻλãС۹ҶСĻ˯ˡ
Сʱ󣬳⳵ͣĽѩҵıǰҶС縶˳ѺǱ˳
С㣬ˣǸ³һǱſڵıԱҲ֪ǰһʱԼҵС㱻°ˣż񿴵ԼҵСڻˣ˵˷ܡ
ллǻǵңһС͸ǡĽѩҶСĴϴУóһСϴݸһſڵı
С㡭ǡ
ǵģϽţĽѩһЦ˵
ллС㡣м˵һ䡣
ĽѩһϸڣҶСĵ˵ͷȷʵı˺ܶࡣ
ҶС˸ߵŵ¥ǰĲݵʱսԡỹһķǶ˳һļ
ѩ
衭
ĽѩͽͬʱһĸŮܳס˶Է
ҵѩһʱܿˡĴĽѩļĽѩһС
С磬ζлˣлл㽫ѩսߵҶСǰм˵
壬֮ͲҪ˵ֿˡҶС絭һЦ˵
ҲԣһˣǺǡսЦܿġ
λǣսԽĿͶ\ľӣӺҶС绳еС۹
λҵһ\ľӣӣλúľ۹壬ûеطסϣסҶС˵ͬʱսԴ\ľӣһ֣Աѩİȫ
á\ľӣӶսľһ
ӭסѩڼܹµڼֺܶࡣսԺͰһЦûһӡ
ˡ
òſС磬ߣǽ˵䡣ս˵
սԵ£˿ڣĽѩ˵һỰֺ\ľӣ̸\ľӣӽһ¥еĸ䣬Ҹ\ľӣӰź˷䡣
緹ҶС籾׼ȥģ\ľӣӽҶС绹ûаźãû뿪
\ľ۹ţҶС罫ǽõķ䣬Ϊëϴ裬չҴһڼ\ľ۹ʱԶԺУ˵ⲿ\ľ۹ԵӦʺĹ
\ľӣǸߣʱҲ\ľ۹˵һϵĶΪ֪ܶࡣ
ԺһҪú͵Ŷⲿڸ\ľ۹ҶСС۹Դ˵
һúģˡС۹գŴ۾˵
־У紫ĹԲܸ߱ˣҪȻͲˡҶС˵
ҲκˡС۹˵һ䣬ȻŵץҶС½ǣҶС粻һ㡣


985 ֻǵڶ
С۹齻֮ҶСߵĽѩķУʱĽѩ²Լķ䡣
ҶС˽ĽѩɰСëҶСȱţҰһ¡
СֻܶаƴСǷĽѩϵĶ
ҲšĽѩֽͲһҶС硣
ĽѩææȥӰҶСоҸ򵥣Լϲˣע̬ȵȡ
ʲôûмңĽѩú󣬿ҶСһգգĿԼһ죬ĵҶСһۣȻҶС绳еͱͲ˹ȥ
ղŴС۹ȥʲôˣеĶ²һĽѩĴϿҶСʵ
ô㲻ΪҺС۹֮ĹϵҲɣҶСһͷҲĽѩĴϡ
ǣڷаС۹̻ˡ
㿴𣿡ҶСƵ˵
˭֪أ˵ڽɼƻߡĽѩɰСӡ
ɼƻ㿴𣿡ҶСǳƵ˵
񣬻Ĵܲ
ҶСЦһ£ҸղŸС۹һʺǲҪӽˣĿɱóԽˡ
ղŸС۹ڹˣĽѩɴ۾ʵ
ǰôˣʲô⣿ҶС粻ʵ
˼˵ҲС۹壿ĽѩŵĿҶС硣
˵ʲôԴôֶҶСĽѩԴһ¡
㴫ڹʱǲС۹ëϴˣĽѩٴʵ
ǰôˣҶСǲˣ֪ĽѩΪʲôιס⡣
С۹ëϴʱû·
Σ뵽ȥˣëϴ·ʲôϵ˼̫ˡҶСٴĽѩԴһ¡
㵱Ϊҷëϴʱôѵ·ĽѩضҶСʵ
Ŷ°µڵմȾ·ϣҿΪġ
ߣ˭֪أǸʱ򣬶Ҿͻ˻˼åĽѩбҶСһ˵ȻԼĴϡ
ҶСЦһ£û˵ʲô
ˣֻ˻㡣ҶСͻȻĽѩֻĽѩʱһֱûֻ
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ǣŴˣȺúϢһҳȥˡҶС˵һ䣬ĽѩĶͷһ£Ȼ߳Ľѩķ䡣
ҶС߳ȥĽѩ΢΢һ̾¶˸֮ɫ
ƽҵȻޱȣѩﶼů˺ܶࡣ
Է԰뿪ҶСһ⣬ʮӵʱ㵽ƽҵ·ڡ
ʱѾˣֵ°߷ڣкܶѧҵ˳ӿСԽϵ˸̯࣬λ϶ˡ
ʱѦǷңҲǺʫҵķ꣬ӵ˺ܶˣһЩȴţĲˣѦ񷼺ͺʫæµš
̣㡣ҶС˹ȥ΢΢һЦ˵
С簡þöûˣһΪʫʫ֮ʲôìܡҶС磬ѦϲЦտһ
ʱҶСûѦ񷼻ΪҶСϲɲҪԼŮˣʹԼŮǣԼŮ˵ǵĹϵأǣͲţΪԼŮϹŵǣ֪ǺʫΪ˵ҶСİȫΪԼĵǣڼҶСǰԾŮˡ
ǰһʱȥ˹⣬ŸոջһЩ͸ҶС罫һϴ˷档
ԼˣʲôʵġѦƺЩԹ˵ϵЦȴˡ
ôʱûм˺ܶࡣҶСһ߸æһ߶źʫ˵֮⡣
ʮûмŹŵʫ黭Ϣĺʫ˿İŨ˼֣˲٣ݵ忴硢ҼҶС۲ѡ
ֻҪܹȫͺáʫǳǳһЦɽʱһֽʫڻǵĳ嶯ֻǷ꣬⡣
ŮӣرֻĬĬعΪǡΪż
ҰȫĻˣǿ㲵ˣ㵣ˡҶСκǸ˵
Ϊѧϰѹԭɣʫ˵һ䡣
ҶС֪ʫǲ𣬲˵ģҲûȥƣ»һ⡣ʱ䣬ѧУǱߵô
Ҳûʲô鷢м俼һԡʫ˵
һǵһඣҶСЦ˵
ǣǵڶʫҡҡͷ˵ǵһ
ҶС˫Ŀбų⣬ʫˣΪȫȵѪȡ֮˵Ѫɫ֮йϵ˵֪Ǹ˵ݣѧҪһ£
ǲʲô£ʫʵ
ûʲôΪѾ˺غڣĺܿ죬ŶҪиҶС˵
šʫ˵ͷ


986 
ںʫҶСһֱʮһ㣬źʫ˯ҶС뿪»صԷڻ·;ŷǧͯȵȶһ绰Լˣǲõġ
صҶС翴ĽѩڵĵƻţֱӴĽѩĴ˽룬ӿţȫѲҶС硣
Ӵûзһ˿ʱĽѩڴ˫ĿպϣΧ֣߹࣬Ƹ䷲ӡ
ĽѩӣҶСûȥţѵ·굽˱ѣǵŮ㣬һ˯״̬
һȤ˯״̬ĺǣȻͥ񾧵貳̶ȶȿһЩ˿ʵ˯Ҳкôġ
ĽѩѾǵڶˣԼ϶һ˺һŽ֮´ȥôӱӰϳҶС硣
ˣʱҶС˫Ŀʵ
ţ󣬸оо񡣡Ľѩ˵ͷΪϲˣȥˡ
ǸҰҾƽСǱˡ
ߣ˭֪أԼķȥҪһĽѩɰ˵
ȥĴҶС罫ӽعϡ
ҶСӣĽѩһʱҲûа취ֻҶСڷ䡣
㲻ȥѧУˣߵӵʱҶС翴Ľѩһ𴲵˼ûУɵʵ
ȥѾһѧڵļ١Ľѩ˵˶ټѾʦ˵ˣȥѧһ˾һôŮˣ㻹᲻÷Ȼϲ㣬Ҳ뿪㣬װʲô֪ͨˣͻ㣬Ůˡ
ĽѩĻŨŨʹ
ðɣҶС΢΢һ̾Ȼ˴֪ĽѩѾ˾϶Ǿ˼ǵģǿҲûá
ʱһᾭȥģʱ˵ᷢʲôҲһҶСЦЦ˵Ľѩ㴽һڣȻ߳˷䡣
ҶСĺ磬ҵʱ򣬽ѾһˣΪ˸߿ÿһѧƴˣԼλϣԼ鱾ڷŵ룬Ҳûлҳ֪Ǻʫõġ
ʮӾҪϿˣʫ˽ҶСȴûаĿ֮ɫΪںʫ
ʱûмԭӢ״ʱЩˣϢȫʧʣµֻ䣬üĿ䣬һŨҵ
ôˣʱʫ˹Ѿλϡ
ûʲôԺȥעһ㣬Ҫߵ̫һаҶС˵
ʫ¶˾ȵı飬ֲҸоϵϢܲ
ϴҼʱ۷壬Ѿؾ硣ҶС˵
ô죿
ţҪ룬úѧϰ½ȥҶС絭һЦ˵
һڿΣǶĿΣҶСڽҺ۵¶һ˿ϲúͼεĺܺãһڿζеĲɣ˰ڿΣȻҶС˳ȥ
ͬѧǶΪΪҶС缸ʮûѧУʦ˳ȥ̸
һ˳𣿡ῴҶСʵ
ţ˳֮䣿
Ǹӣǰöˣ֪᲻ңҲҰһҶС絭һЦ
ε黹һ£ܹǵĹϵһЩ΢΢һЦ
ȷԸҪֻ͵ĹϵҲٴα°ߡҶСᶨ˵
ĽѩҸĽ˵
ҶҲһҶСĿŶᡣ
¶˵ҸЦݣŮ˶֪ϲ˵ЩŮӻģǣǻϲ
΢΢һ̾˵ڶ֪ԺôĽѩ
ôô㻹ʦѧУҪ룬ûµģҡҶС翴Ŷ˵
šȻͷǣҶСȻżܵеһЩͲ
ѧУ˶עԼΪûаԽҪȻܻ
¿εʱҶСŷ˽ҡ
糿ĽڿζˣҶСһþû뿪߲һþߣڱУڽҺضŲӣ˼ĳЩ⡣
ԼʮӺ󣬽ڵ˶߹ˣֻʣҶСˡ
ҶСߵǰþȥҶСʱ΢΢һ㶣˿Χϲû¶ɫĹ
ңҶС˵˫ĿĹâųһΪڸİɣ
˵ʲô˼ûĻҾˡװʲô֪˵Ȼ׼뿪
ҶСһᵲǰ
װˣȥ˵Ҳ֪Ѫɫֻ˼ҵһūͶѡҶС絭˵
ҶСĻɫúѿʹ࣬зŭвʡ


987 â
ҶСһ䣬ֻ˼ҵһūͣ仰Ĵ̼ӢΪŭʹ඼ҪšһţĿޱȡ
ǲ˵ʹˣҶСЦһʵ
ҲѹƲסԼڵһɹ۳˺ɫڵѪɫ໥ںϣΪ˺ںɫ˫Ŀͨޱȣ˷ŭ֮⣬һĨɱų
˵ҶС޵ˣôѪɫ˾޵ˣǸūͣĲǡԣԸ¡
㣬̣㲻öҶɱҶС絭˵ͬʱһɰƴɢȫ֣ɢĺںɫèһ㣬ë˽ȥ
ۡǿҵķɣһѪ
ô޺޵ĿҶСʵ
֪ΪʲôὫΪūͣҶСضʵ
㲻֪㾹Ȼ֪ڿ㻹֪˭ЦſĴЦ
ȷʵ֪֪֮Ϥҵ㹻ˡҶС絭˵ĵϧˣĴ
ղǸ˼ӶԷĻжϳǸ˭ϧûϵ
ʵ֪Ǹ˭ԲԣҪȻҲʸղĻ֪˭ҰЦſˡ
Ǹʸ𣿡ҶСһһסĲӣʱ䣬ͨޱȣҲЦˡ
㲻֪ɣѪɫˣ˾޴ѣ绹׶նɱ˺ܶˣ˵ѪɫˣĹУ˵֪ѪɫʲôĺҶСĿ˵
һᣬ˵Ǹ˭ҶСʵһɣһĲڵϡ
Ҳġܺ޵ĿҶС˵
֪ôΪ㲻˵ҾͲɱ𣿡ҶСĿɱȻǹŨҵɱ˿Ρ
ɱңԶ֪˭ˣЦһ˵
֪˭ҸҪҲԼһʱըҶС˵
˵꣬һ죬üģһɫһӵ˶Էͥɫʹޱȡ
˶ȡ䣬ȻʹˣǲϵģԴھϵʹࡣ
ļһĻĻҶС緭ʱ⵹һ㣬֤ˣĳɳѰУҶСûҵѪɫ˵һĻкܶҲûҵ
ҶС΢΢üͷĵѲڻʲôܲɣʣҶСһȥ
Ȼ䣬ҶС緢ͥռһ޴Ľɫ򣬽ɫĸһСĿ
ҶС֪ǸǼɵľ壬þ̽˹ȥҵıһѪɫվǰ⿪Լߡ
߿Ҫ⿪ʱһѪɫâڸһУѪɫâĻʱҶС˼ΪΣյϢǹϢܹҪ
ҶСľϽ˳ľ˳֮ͥʱϱ˲ޱȵĽ⣬սһ㣬ֽ̺һ¡ﳼƣͬ߸ϵһ㡣
ҶСʱʮ֮ԶӽҺ棬һֱ˵˽ǰ棬һѪҶС³̺ǹ̫ǿˣֱͲ˿Եֿġ
ʱȫڽ֮УͿĿǰӡ
ꡭһ˳䡣ȻǱըˣ¥˾ȵˣ¥ȴûеҲûбǹƳһ󶴣ԵùޱȣƸղŵһоλһ㡣
ⱬ֮󣬱һƬƽҶСĲƽղڽⱬ󣬺˳ҶС磬һһġ
ҶСѹסԼƣһӱ˸ղվλãԭվλЩҽ
ǣ·Ļҽԣģѵ˵屻ˣ˳ȥҶС˼շתǧͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ȫһӱһͨˣϽ˽ңûӵʱ䣬ͳĽֵϣͨһģһ
ղŵĽʵ̫ҫˣӴޱȣҪԼ񹦣ֺ¿־屻Լգ´˿Ҳˡ
ǹôӴһֵע⣬Ϊ˱鷳ڼ䣬뿪Ϊá
ղſһһڳȻʧˣ֪ʲô·һ˸ͬ˵
ˣòĳֱɣͬ¶̰֮ɫ
ǽ뿴
ãȥʲôǱĻǾͷˡ
˵ţ˾һȥ
ˣܶ˶˹ɲõ˼µĽ⣬Ƕ£ܶ˶ΪʲôЩΪһеһƹ⡣
һʱ˵硡


988 ϹŶ
ҶСʮ㣬һ߻ӨȥһΧ˵Բǧڣҵ˵Ļܹü
ǵ⾹ȻֱʲôҶСʣûУⱬһ޵ǲġ
⣬⡭ҶС粻סţͻȻ䣬˫ĿбâɽǴؿռеհ㳡ϣҶС翴˺üޱȸߴƸĵЩýɫţֽɫ͸ղϵǹɽɫϢһģһɫûмʲôأ䣬оǰһʲôصĴ£Ȼܹ֪ġ
Ÿӵ飬ҶСӨ꣬ʱڵ˻ͦģܶ˶ѧЩΪѧУ̫ԶˣѧУסԹʱ仹ڣǱӨ꿴
ѧΪкܶЩѧǶڿſ顣
ҶС߽ȥʱӨһϾĿһҵ鼮
Ө㡣ҶСһ
ϤӨ΢΢һ̧ͷҶСʱ¶˼ϲõȸӵУһ㱡ҲȻ֡
Сɣտһ꣬еҪȥ¥ϡӨһСϿѧ˵
õģӨ㣬æɣ˵һ̷ŮѧĿһҶС磬Ŀ¶һ˿ȣҶСӨȥ
ղǸͬѧ￴飬ǱϤˣϲѧ١¥ʱӨΪҶСһ
ҶС˵ͷ
һ¥˾ӵһҶСֱӶסӨĽ㴽صĺӨз崿ŮӲ崿ΪŮ˿ʼǵ֮Ҳ֮򿪣ʮûмʹͬɽһ㣬ɢŵ֮ӨҲ⣬Ҳֿ
ҶСҲǶʮûкŮ˽ڣһѪյܹܵһֵزѾˡ
һ˸ɲȼյĸΪˣŮ֮ԭʼӿ˳ƣȻҲѹ֣һʼӨе΢΢ĺߣһȻ֡
·ҷɣ˵ɳϣһૣһɵĶ˸쳹˿
ϱһĽɫâʱϹŶˣǱеǶԼͬ˫ĿкƼ֤ʷĸ棬׺ɣıǨµתһҲˡ
ǣǡÿϹŶʧ̬һĺȻ𾪡ţмȵȸӵжӿ˳ǧžĺҲӿ첨ˡ
ģ˴壬֡䵱ɽɽɣػһŷ壬кܶɽּľ֣Ƕ׷ƹضз
ܶҲ׷ǰֻ˻ĵı߾ģԽԽ࣬û˵ʲô໥һۣԼͬеķȥ
ҶСӨʱڶ֣ȫҶСǸ༶УǿϵĵĻҼʱüͷ
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Ϊֻʺѧϰһ׹˺ܾòҵ㣬ⲿֻУܷԸ񡣡
ˣеñʧллҡСɸм˵һȻһ˼С
һСʵѧϰԺܲܺһ
Ȼԣĸ㴫ڹò˶೤ʱ䣬ҪԼˣгɺ󣬾ͿԱԼĸĸײ˺ˣԱߵѡһ̣ҶС綼ԼڽСѷ
ԸѧСɵ˵ͷ
ãҴȥһطﻹкܶ֡ҶС˵һ䣬ȻС³ȥ
һ͵ǼҸſڣСɽŵӣҶСЦЦ˵£ڡ
Сɵ˵ͷȴεĽץҶСĸ첲ﻹе㺦¡
С˵ʱЩɸѡĺԱһһĽսʮʹֹͣսһ߶š
СɿЩʵĴʱеĹâˡ
ҶССɽʮʹ߹Ľһ١
λСɣԺ֮ʹˣԺҪչһ£һϵһЩҶСĿһɨ˵
ǣ١ʮ˵
Сɣ㴫ڹҶССɵ˵һ䡣
ĺʹ߽ĸӰ˽涼Ѫɷʯ
һҶСᳵ·ΪСɴ壬չȻڹ·ȵȡ
ҶС紫֮ʱȻеһֵ֪ʶȫԾķʽͥС


994 ں
СɽҶС䵽Լڵ֮ȫΪԼʱǳɫĹâҫˡ
·ܵС֮Ӱ죬Χʮʹ϶ŷĹâͲǵĿƣǵĿҲһƬãȻ֪Ϊλᷢ飬һʱ䣬ʮֹâһƬۼ
Ȼ䣬ʮֹâһɣҶСͷ˽ȥ漴ҶСϱɫĹâɫâȫУǵ塣
ʱʮʹߺҶСϵϢһƬԲʮڵ֮˹
ȫ֮ŨȼΪֲȻҶС⣬˶ǿģһ˽ͻᱻ֮ң˻þߵĻΪֱӶ߻ħ
˵ʷǿĻþ
ﳾ䱯϶ֻҪ˶ѹһأѾһӰһֻأֻҪһ̤¾ЩʥֶУԼУȻЩѾ׿˼£ůˡ
ʱʮʹںϢ£ΪϵͻƣһСʱʱ䣬ǹںĹâŽɢȥܼ֮Ҳɢ
һεںϣÿһ˶õ˾޴ĺôС⣬ʮʹ߶Ѿؾ磬ĵΪߣѾ۷ˣողűҶС紫СɣΪѾ۷壬Ѿȹ
ֻҶС磬ôȻҲǾ޴ģ޴˵Ǹĸ˺ܴܶ࣬ӱΪûӣֻ֪Լõ˶ٺôĻڽʵλԺʥ˼̵Ļ
ôоΣҶС˫ĿƲʺһĹâųжԣȾͬϼһɫʡ
ڻþ޴ʹǷ׷˹˫Ŀо
ǵʵ˺ܶࡣ˵ƺѾʮʹߵĴ㣬ҲǣֻΪߡ
СɣڸоôǲǾԼһ֣ҶС罫ĿͶСɡ
šСɵ˵ͷһ˵ϢӲȥǿˡ
Ժ󣬻ҪúȥؼңٲȥҪˡҶСЦЦ˵
ʱСɲʱ䲻ˣ׼ȥʱ䣬ͻȻ䷢Լֻһ¡
ղΪ㴫ڹ·ѾΪ˷ĩģûж·ȸСһס
ǣ١˵һ䣬͸С·
ȸ˴绰ҶС罫Լֻ˹ȥ
С΢΢һ㶣ǽӹҶСֻĵôһŮʽֲֻѧУкܶ˶˵СŮ˳Էģһ˭֪أ
Щ߰뷨Сɲ˼ĵ绰롣
һҡҶСѾȡ·˵
ĵ˵ͷ
һСɴ˵绰ֻݸҶС磬Ƕ߳˳ȥֻʣСɡ
һ˳ΪȡĿɣ
ϵǧҪ˵ȥǶ˭Ǹĸ𣿡С߳ҶС綣
ҾԲ˵ȥġСɵ˵ͷ
ˣҺλؼҡҶСЦЦ˵
һͬ߳ȻСɶָ·ʽܲϰߣĵָ£ܿıϲִ̼ķɱ˵ģͲò˵һϸĽһҶСƹҪǿܶ࣬ĺӵܣÿһ˶ĶǼ־£һĽһ㡣
СͻȥҶСӨ꣬ŹرˣȴûйأӨ֪ҶСôãרŸġ
С磬ˣ˸մӴɽȥӨڴ
ջ˯Һ̸һ顣ҶС˵һ䣬ȻȡʮƿҩҺݸģЩҡҷԼŷһ£͸ºһ֣ŬΪЩҩҺ̺ǿÿҪˮȥϡͣȻݽգֻԺ쾳ãǺһĹҪЩ
ס
ȥ󣬺ú߳ºƣӽͳһУܹ淢ҶС˵
ǣ١Ĺ˵һ䡣
㣬æʮĸһӣٶȻӺܶࡣҶС˵
࣬Ӧġ˵٣ûĻҾˡ
ãȻȥҶС˵ߺûȥӨңɳϳ˼ֻҪеУû˸ҶΧزΨһˡ
˶ǱУȴĵҪúעע⡣
ôʵλУֻΪߣһ뿪һҹ֮䶼ܹ˴ݻ٣ԣܹһĸǺбҪģΪҶСɾЩ鴦꣬Ȼʮʹһ


995 Ĳ۷
С磬ôҶС˼ЩʱӨ˳
ûʲôղһЩ⣬㴩ô¸ðˡҶСվߵӨǰ߽ңһ굱Ȼǲɱġ
ϵʱҶС粢ûӨҹһ֮Է԰ȥ
ҶСֱӽĽѩķ䣬ûԼϢڴĽѩ˫Ŀ
һΪвˡĽѩĿҶС˵Թ
ô᲻أҵšҶСٺһЦЬһѣĽѩĴϣֻ˱ѡ
ţǾ鸾ˣĽѩӵĿһҶС硣
ҶСЦһЦû˵Թ˰·һѣȻ˱ѣķһ㡣
ˣҲˡĽѩ΢΢һ̾ҶСȺְ
ڶʱҶСֱ˶İ칫ңһ٣Ͳͬ⣬ҶСһر𡯶Դͬ
ѧϰϣҶСѾ˿ˣյ֪ʶȪнͨͲ⣬οѾǱˡ
ʱúܿ죬תۼ¾͹ȥˣ߿٣ʱƽ˺ܶ࣬ǶæµΪ׼Ҳƽ࣬ҶСһͳкܴĹϵ
ڷ͸֮£һѾʵһİǼֺȪҲǼҵĸףʶʱΪܣֺȪڷʱֱӾͬӦϵһλãָӣȻûʲôµĻ
ܲǼʶ˷ʵѡ˳ϹϾġ
ЩҩˮİгºһͷĿΪ̶̼˺ܶ࣬ǵΪϣ޻ΪߣѾﵽ˺۷塣
ҶСߵЩŮˣһΪҲ˺ܶ࣬ﵽ죬ʫΪߣѾء
ҿЩҩҺĴڣҪȻЩ˵Ϊߣ֪Ҫ¡
һı׶ҲǺԵģǵĻʵöûͻ쾳磬ҪȻԼԺķչ
ҶС򶨵ܹԱȻԼĻʵ
ҶСߵʮʹߣǵΪģҶС綼еʼɡ
ӱϿǺҶСΪһģһ۷ΪҶСսԶԶǡ
ҶС绹ûͻƣжкܹܶͻ۷壬Щνȱѹһʱ䣬ȵͻƺͿԻɵһܶࡣ
ҶСΪûʲôߣһʵ˽һڵʵȫնɱ۷ĸ֣ոͻƵİʥҲնɱʵȫԺͰʥа壬ܹƴƽ֡
ȻЩѾ˰ʥܶ˵ʹҶСʵǿ󣬵ǣԾնɱǣ磬һûмֶΣҶСʵǸߴ̫ࡣ
Щ⣬\ľӣӽ˵ʵҲ˺ܶ࣬\ľӣѾﵽسڣľҪСѾͷ\ľ۹ˣΪֱǿԽʽһӾ͸Ľѩǣﵽ˺죬ĸȹ̸ͲҪĻۡ
ҶСѾͷҲǸĹգʱһѧϵĶ
С۹ѾչˣܹκεΪ˵ʱĽѩһС۹ˣǸ֮飬СѾͷҶС͵͵ȥ˵ɰһ˫ӣǽܹ͸
С۹ҶСӣΪԺΪ
ʱҶСĽѩĹϵӣÿһڣҶС綼ʱ䣬ߵЩŮˣҲΪ˷һ£ͣʱҲ;ȥһ俪һأкô
޹ʧѧУ±˾ûйĽе飬ΪѾкˣʱΪҶС罫Щʵԭ
³´Ǳڽ¥ǸƷӣû˸Ҷĵȴرأ˽ӽȻĿǰ˽ЩѪɫʯͷ;ȿס˵õ
̵˺ƴӻˣҲصĸˣ̴ӰȻûֹĿǰһЩũԾЩ鼮
һţҹҶС˫ĿɫĹâӿվž죬ǹͻǼǿȱǰ˲١
ʱϸһ㱡ĻɫʣǴųģѾ˵Ĳ۷壬ʱ̤㣬ҶС粢ṳ̂룬ΪڵĻۻҲûаնɹ췣
ͻƵĲ۷ʱо֣ڤڤ֮еϢǼһ㣬ָоǲˬҲûʲô취ֻõȵ۹ԺͻƣεһƻЩһĸһս󣬼еǹս⣬ӵеﵽ豹ľ磬ͻӦþûʲôˡ


996 ߿
ϴһºҶС绻һɰϴţпͰɫ߳˷䡣
һ¥ݾֿɶ
С磬ڳˡҶСֿɶ۾һСų˻һЦݡ
ţٲҪ߿ˡҶСЦЦֿɶԴ
С磬Ҫ˼ҵԴɶѾСˡֿɶ΢΢ͦͦ͡ԼСظ˵
ֿɶĸûһҲ࣬ͷҶС۾ƽվҶСߣȷʵСӡ
ǺǣС֪㲻СӣǶ۰ҶСǺһЦ˵
ǣɶǲϲ˼Դоֵֹġֿɶͷһ˵
ԴҶС絭һЦʵ۾΢΢ֿɶȻͦǰƳһۣĵЩŮӷĻͦģת۶ôˡ
Σʲôأҿǰѩá
С磬̫ˡʱעҶСɫֿɶעҶСĿ⣬Сһ죬е㺦ߵ˵˶٣һ䣬СĻɶҪû˵ĵط
ֿɶĻҶСһЦɫСǸˣôأظҲֻδϹſҪס
С磬ѾˡֿɶС˵
ȿȿȡСΪƣظ󡣡ҶСһӡ
ɶ֪СռɶıˣֲüѼ˵СǸɧУֿɶ¶һ˿Ĺâ
ҶСһ죬μѼǸѾͷĻСǸˡ
ɶ֪СǸˡֿɶסҶСĸ첲һǵӣС׼ȥ
ҳȥһ䣬ڷдʱ̫ˡ
ҲҪȥֿɶڴĿҶС˵
ðɣ㲻ȥϿˣѵ죿ҶСʵ
СɵˣѾˣǸոշ˼٣һһ㡣ֿɶһЦ˵
ŶҶˣ֪ѧУûз׼֤ȥʫǱʣ˵ĻʫܸҴ˻ҶС˵һ䣬˱ƽҵǱȥ
ʱļǴ·ȽϵֿɶҶСĸ첲ͦķͣ߶һһģҶСƲѣֿɶһ䣬ֿɶðʲô˵Ļû˵ǿš
һ·ҶСúСԽֵʱֿɶɿһ㣬ǺºʫɣôʱˣֿɶҲ֪ҶСʫ֮в岻Ĺϵ
̣ʫûУҶСߵѦǷſڣ׼Ѧʵ
С簡ʫʫ棬ڿ飬ȥȰȰȥ䣬ɷɣ⼸죬ʫʫһֱڼ￴飬ӸͲãȻûϹѧҲ֪ҪݽϡҶС磬Ѧ¶һ˿ɫ˵
İɣ̣Ȱ˵ʫȥ䡣ҶСЦЦ˵
˵ҶСʹֿɶ¥ʫԼķڿžĿ顣
ôùҪһܹóɼģߣǳȥ䡣ҶСһߵ˺ʫǰе˳ϣ˵
ɲҰһ⿴ꣿʫҶС˵¶һ˿
ԣôһʱ䣬ϢҶС˵
ʫһΣֻܹ飬ϴһ£ҶСˣһ˱̺һߡ
̺羰£ˮͬɽˮɣѹ̺˷ǳࡣ
źһһģҶСԸоʫ˺ܶࡣ
ҪԼѹĳɼܹϣͰεĸ߿һƽʱĿԣܹõĳɼҶС簲ο
ллС磬ֻ֪Ѿϰ˿ǰ飬ҪȻﲻ̤ʵʫǳǳһЦ˵
ʫ㣬ͲҪģԽ뷴Խã㲻ȥ룬˵ܹõĳɼҾӣпʱҾϡͿĿû뵽һɼƽʱʱҴûпôõĳɼֿɶźʫ˵
ҶС֪ʫǴС͸ԼʩӵѹһʱǸı䲻˵ģڼȻ⣬Ҫȥ˷
ллɶסʫһЦȻںߣ΢΢ĺ棬ڵĳȺҰѼ
ʫǰ׼֤ûУҶСʵ
ûУʦ˵ʱѧУϣһЩ飬Ȼٷ׼֤¹ķ׼֤һЩͬѧŪˡʫ͵
ԭȥһѧУˡҶСЦЦ˵ʱѧУûзʲô°ɣ
ûУкܶ˶ΪʲôҲݼˡʫɫŹֵĿҶС硣
ôˣѵлʲôܲɣҶСʵ
кܶ˵Ľѩ鲻Ľѩİְͬ⣬Ȼ˽ˡʫϴЦ˵
ɣȻ˵ûϵǰô˵ô˵ͳϣҲûʲô취ҶСЦЦһ˿ӡ


997 ޲
ڱ̺һֱ¸߹ңǳ֮ʱڵԼĸһæ⣬ʫȻȥ
ʫ˵ҶСֻõ˵ͷ˷ɱأʱĿѾﵽʫؿ˲٣ٲǰôѹ֡
ʫĵĲûдѦһȷʵͦæµģæµˣҶСֿɶæʮӵʱˣ˲ŻصƽС
ֿɶͻؼҺҶС粢ûлԼ䣬Է԰ɱȥ
ʱսԻû˯ڿпŵӣҶС˽ȥս˵һỰ¥
ô˯ҶСšĽѩķ˽ȥһСܴĲ֪ʲôɵʵ
׼˯ˡĽѩع񣬸ӵĿҶСһۣȻС˱ѡ
ʱպãһ˯ٺ١ҶС˵һ䣬ȻߵĽѩĴǰȥЬӣ׼¡
˭һ˯ˣҪҡĽѩҶСһۡ
ûд㣬ҹԹԵʲôˡҶСЦЦȥ·Ľѩıѡ
ҶСľٶĽѩеСܷҶС֮䣬ҶС磬׼ԽСܣҪȻåޡ
Ҳ޲硣ҶСװһε˵
⻰ĽѩСǰҶС޺޲Ĺ£ڻͦЦģлһ㺦ߡ
ʦʱȥѧУҪ׼֤ҲǸʱ򷢣ʱȥȥҶСת˻ʵ
ȥôܲȥĽѩҶСһ˵
ҶСЦһ£֪Ľѩ˼ĽѩѾ֪ͶĹϵ˵ʱٲһ
ȻĽѩƽʱܹɵģǰҲ֪ΪʦصһҹĲŮӣԼѺԼʦһȣôﶼܣ֮ݳ٣ܴһԭΪᣬȻкʫ
һʦһĺѣǶҶСϵǳʵڲ֪ôȥˣӦаɣ
ô㲻ϣȥĽѩЦһ
аҵϣȥ˵һһκȫͬѧˡҶСЦЦ˵װûĽѩе˼
һΪͲҲȥĽѩһȻתҶСһ
ôأ㳤ʱڱһƣȥҲãʱܸܲһӡҶС罫֮ǸСӵһߣ˹ȥĽѩ˻С
֪ˣͬѧ֪ͶʦĹϵûҵĸܣҵӡĽѩ˵һ
û˻֪ġҶСС˵һ䡣
㡭ǲ߻ЩŮҲ֪ҶС仰ĽѩתضҶС˵
ôأһѾ̹ˣЩŮˣûˡҶСϽ˵
ߣĴܲһĽѩӶСȭҶСϴš
ҶСûжƾйţΣĽѩԼôԼӦõġ
Ƭ̺ĽѩͣҶСĻУɫԹӣ֪Щʲô
ҲֵģǸзִˣҳþĽѩ˵һ䡣
֪㲻ģǼҵѩˡҶСرĽѩ˵
ʹʹһĽѩʵǹģ֪ԼĽѩռкҪλãҪȻҲԴס
ĽѩֵʮֵĻҶСżˡ
ʹƤٶȭû¡ҶСǺһЦ˵
Ƥ񡣡Ľѩû˵һ䡣
ǣҪȻôܰôƯ׷֣ҶСٺһЦ
ĽѩĿҶСһۡ
ڶ죬ʱ˴ӱˣѧУĲٳϣڽڲѾú˿Ҳ˰ߣڵĲ֡
һֱߵʱҶСһֻĽѩĽѩʱĽѩϺҶСԣ˵˵ĹĻǺܺõġ
Լʮӵʱ䣬˾һУҶСĽѩСŲٳȥ
ʱٳѾкܶ༶һҲڷ׼֤
ҶСĿˣһӱ㿴վСλõĶᣬͦģΧжʮͬѧ
Ȼ˵ѾѧУ˽֪ǣǰĽѩԲҶСסСֵģû˦ҶСš
ͬѧͶĿ⣬ҶСûɿĽѩС֣ǵĽѩв죬֪Ľѩǹῴġ
Ľѩ˵רµģŮ˵Ըǰһ£Լĵǰ
Ľѩˣڼ︴ϰô΢΢һЦʵֵĺܴ󷽣ƸûпҶСĽѩ֣ξԻһǣûУ֪Լܡ
ϰĻԣлʦģ̫ˡĽѩǳǳһЦ˵аػ档
ҶСЦһ£Ǻʲôʲô


998 ܺʫ
ĽѩղǾ仰е˼ˣʵڶ̫ˣҵѶȾ˹ϵ
ȻĽѩǾ仰ҶС硢ĽѩͶ⣬˶ΪĽѩԷθмĻ
лҵѧҵȻҪ㡣ЦЦ˵
ĻҲǰػ棬˼ǣô㶼ҵѧҲΪҶС㷭
˵Э֪ĽѩкίĽѩĿⶼǸ⡣
ᶼô˵ˣĽѩֻҪû˵ʲôҶСһĽѩٴ˵ʲôƵĻ
ʱŮ˹Ľѩк
ſҵ֣ǿ˶಻˼ĽѩҶСС˵΢΢һ졣
ղŶûоò˼ҶСЦ˵һ䣬ſˡ
ղˣռ˱ˣߣȻȥˡĽѩҶСһۣȻͺЩŮ졣
ҶСЦһ£ߵȦ
һͬѧǶˣͬѧվã˵һ¿Եע͹ĻȻ׼֤
׼֤󣬶ͬѧǸ׼֤ϵĿԵص㣬ȥԼĿԻԷʱæҡ
˿Լ׼֤ĵص㣬ҶС絭һЦԵصһУϤĻܻ˸еС
ͬѧȫķ֮һ˶һУĽѩͺʫȴڶС
׼֤󣬶˵һ£ͬѧǽ׼֤ǺǧҪ˵ȵȣȻͽɢ뿪ˡ
ڶеͬѧһŶиȥҶСĿûʲôÿģĽѩĽѩȥ
оﲻǺԶ֣еĻʮӵʱ䣬е˳ѧУȥһ󲿷˶ߣҲΪɢɢģҶСǾǲеġ
ʫһߣû뵽ǻһĽѩ·ʲô¶ûзӶźʫ˵ϴЦݡ
ҶСҲû뵽˲һһԵְ
ǰû뵽ʫ˵ɫЩ΢΢ĲȻĽѩѾ֪ҶСĹϵ֪ģΪĽѩһ顢Ҫӱܵĸо
ʵ̫ԵˡĽѩ˵һ䡣
ʫȻܹĽѩе˼Ǹ˵ĽѩԲ𡣡
ʲôԲ𣿡Ľѩװһɻ˵
Ѿ֪ҺС֮鲻Ҳԣ㲻ҪС磬ֻҪǹĿ֣һԶǣԲڴǡʫҧ˵һƬįвᡣ
ʫĻĽѩĬΪʫԼ˳ԼͻῪģʫһλоԼкܲζ
ʫĻУ˶ҶСĹģİ˽ģֻĬĬظ෴Լأ˻ᷢƢ˽⣬ʲôǣԼ彻ҶСûС
ͻȻ䣬뵽һ£ʫҶСĵһŮˣʱҶСڼ䣬ǣʫȻҶСԸ˾ӵ棬ȫҶС磬ô˵Լǲ뵽֮ĵߡ
뵽Ľѩоһʹࡣ
ʫǧҪô˵֪ΪС︶˺ܶ࣬ҾСһԣǣСλüΪҪ᲻÷С磬Ҳʹ࣬Ҷ֪ԣҲϣ˵һ仰ʱĽѩСаһ˿˿ɬ
Ľѩ㡭ʫ𾪵ĿĽѩĿ¶һ˿м֮ɫ
ͨһ㣬ΪС縶ô࣬ر֮£ҾԵú˽ˣС磬ⲻȥôԺ˵Ľѩ΢΢һ̾˵ĸıҲڸոһ˲䣬Ҳֻ˵˺ʫŮˣûýܵ׼
ʵһжǸһΪǸרˣû뵽ȻǸĴܲʫҪúù̹̣ܽܽҪȻܹǴպü齫Ľѩ˵Ҫͺʫͬˡ
šʫ˵ͷܱĽѩܣ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ʫ֪Ǹһ߻ŮˣĽѩʵ
֪ʫ˵ͷ
֪ôֹҪŮӽĽѩһ˿ֵ˵
ֻҪСĿ֣ңҾ㹻ˡʫƽ˵
㡭ңôȵˡĽѩǳƵ˵Ժܹȥ˱ŮˣͲҪϴƤͰ´
šʫС΢΢һ죬˵ͷ
ѩɲܰʫ̻ˡʱҶС
ĽѩһĶҶС˵Ǹղ˵Ļ㶼ˣ
ûֻ꣬ˣʫң̫ˡҶСѾͷԣװһĵ˵ʵֿ˻ղĽѩ˵ĻܹùĶ䣬˵ĻҶСһֲ¶Ķ˶С
ܹܺʫһõĿˣһѵͲܹܵڶ
һǾ͵˶ſڣڶڣҶСҵ˵Ŀ󣬴Ϥһ»Ȼ뿪ˡ


999 Ϊ˿
뿪һȥƽСԽ֣ںʫķæ
ϵʱĽѩûиҶСƽС˺ʫҶСҲ£˼һͬߣջûֻ֮¡
Ľѩͺʫ˹ϵܹںϣѾܲҪһͬߵĻĽѩһ
ȥʱ򣬴ӽֱߵ̵˿ҪõıʡСƤ
صƽС󣬳̷ӢֿɶһҶС磬̷Ӣ˵һЩĻҶСúÿƣҶС統һӹġ
ڶ죬ڵȫĵһ̣ÿһѧ߶һҳ飬еǺüڣʲô̰˹õȫˣɼҳǶںӸ߿ӡ
һ죬ΰѲߵ˺ܶ࣬ͨҲ˺ܶ࣬ϰԸ߿ѧĳֻҪʾ׼֤⳵ͻȥڵĿ
ȫһģڹŸ߿ںܶ˵У߿ǸţܲԾţҪһˣʮĺҲΪһ̡
Ըıˣ仰ҲţΪúǸıԼҳúŬѧϰȡһѧüҫ棬ԺһݺõĹ
ϸһ룬߿ľôҪĴѧ͹ȥȫһģȥĴѧ٣ܳ㣬ߵﶼܹһݺùһץһһѡֳһµ⡣
侲úĻʵ߿Ҳûʲô񣬸߿ȷʵΨһ˲ŵı׼ٶʱ޷ıġ
ȽĽѩͺʫ͵˶кҶС㷵˻ȥһſڵȴȺҶСһпǶڸ߿ȷʵӡ
ѧΪһݺùǮյʲϴѧȫԣǣ֪ΪΣҲ⣬ҪϴѧǶʱɣҲһ֪ʲôԭ
뿼жʮӵʱ䣬ҶСӨ꣬ڵȴš
һеУŴˣ˿뿼ʱ䣬ͬѧǽȥ֮ȵȴţȴŹ㲥֪ͨ뿼
Լڿǰʮӵʱ򣬹㲥Ͽʼ֪ͨˣͬѧһԼĿڽ뿼ʱЩ࿼ʦøϢ׼֤໥˶ԣпףԷ濼
һԿģҶС˵һѶȶûУֱͿ⿨
ҶСĹУҶСϤˣ֣ǱҶѰ˶ųԵòײֵ࣬ĳ׵Ϣȴ˲СעĿ
ɣҵвСܶƯŮӶڿңҪһҵżˡ֣ǱǷɧ˦һͷһǷı顣
ҶѰһƺ«һԲĮʱûмϵƷ˷츲صı仯ǰǳ˵ıâ¶񱦽Ѿˣâȴǰֲ˺ܶ౶
ۣѰ㿴ǸŮģСôϸ˫ȣֱ̫ˣϵʱ򣬾ܹ̫ˣҹȥһкԡţ֣Ǳһ𾪵˵
֣Ǳ첽ȥһǫǫӵģ˵Ůһ£ǿʶһ𣿡
ҪңŮͣǹҳһ˿Цʵһɫ̫ô͡ͺϿӦǸŮ
ҡ֣Ǳһʱ֮䲻֪ôشˣû뵽ŮôֱӣŪе㲻˼
ˣһ䣬згǸǹٶ㿴һ·治֪ĸöģ˿һѧűȥ椣ǿЦ·Ůӱ֣ǱһȻŤˮ̤Ÿ߸Զȥ
֣Ǳסˣû뵽ԼȻбŮӿһ죬þ֣Ǳһ䣬٣Ҫ˵ʱ򶼲ȿԼʲôɫǹۿ˵ͣ·޼ۣôһɫ۾ˡ
߰ɣǶڿ㡣ҶѰ˵һ䣬ǰȥ
֣Ǳ˿Χܶ·˶ڿ˵ıӣúõģڱһӵ
û뵽Ӣε֣ǱȻҲôһ죬ôںˣôûһ˿ĳأ֣Ǳ̾˵
ںˡҶѰ˵һ䡣
죬ôأڼкþöûгˣôأղһĻĴңӣҪȥһˣ˵ʵڵģҶеĽҶСǸСӣŵ̯ȻܹݵôŮ۰֣Ǳ̾һ˵
ȥҶѰʵ
ȻǸСȥ˵֪ʲôʱУصһ˺߿϶ֶ˼Ů˺˵Ĳôôأ֣ǱҡͷԴ˵
Ǹ߿ĵһ죬ڴ⡣ҶѰ˵һ䡣
߿Ҫμ⣿ȥΪ治֪˾Ȼ˷ӡȼһһܹͷ¸¡
³Ծ㣬ͷҲ㡣ҶѰ˵һ䣬гڴżҶС磬Ӧ˵ǣҶСΪ
ϣҪʧ


1000 ʱ䡢ص
Уÿһһģеĵͷ˼еĻӱдеպѹ֣ܣҶСһνӣЩѲһСʱʱ䣬Ѿֻʣġ
ĲǺѣһ֮У֮⡷Ļ⣬һ⣬ҶСо˼·޷ǾԼĹ۵㣬ȻֳɼΣùŽ۾ݣ֤ܽһ£ֻҪıķʮϾû⡣
ʦҲˣȥ͸͸ҶСڵĿУͻȻ䣬һԳ˵ܶͬѧĿͶ˹ȥ˵ĺģרערעûйϵ
ҶСҲĿͶ˹ȥֻںһͬѧһ԰ףͷǺˮһ֪ǳܲסѹֵնӡ
࿼ʦеϽ˹ȥͬѧڽרΪ׼һˮϴһϴ
Լӵʱ䣬ͬѧŻָ⣬ҶС΢΢ҡҡͷͬѧʵ̫ˣһſԾͳԺſԻ֪ô޹ء
˰СʱʱҶС罫дˣһ£оû⣬ȻͽԾƽ̣ĵĵȴʱ䡣
ͻȻ䣬оһʶһɨҶСһʶչŸղŴʶǸչȥһſڶĴ£ӰڵȴţҶѰ֣Ǳ
ǣôˣѵѾʼˣҶС
룬վȻ࿼ʦһк߳˿ѾˣҲ˷ʱ䡣
ףǵһξͲˣٺ١֣ǱԶԶҶСһ˳˵
ҲеġҶѰ˵һ䣬ȻĶҶС硣
쵽ҶѰĿ⣬֣ǱҲĿͶҶС硣
ףôΪûУ֣Ǳ˵ҶСûһ˿ĲҲûת治ѡ
Ǻһμʱ䲻𣿡ҶѰ˵һ䡣
԰㲻˵Ҷˣ治֪ڵʲô磬ƻǿһΪ֣ǱƲƲ˵뿴ҶСΪȻһҶСͷûпҶСΪ׳֣ҪȻ׼ȴһ٣ǾͶ˶ˡ
ôˣǲѾʼˣҶС˹ʵ
Ȼʲô֪治֪ʦô̵ģЩ˵ţҲʦҲ֪ᡣ֣ǱҶС˵ỹûô쿪ʼǰӼ͸͸ȡ״̬ʽʼʱ¶ʮĺţصһ벻ĵط
ʲôطҶСʵ
ȸ˵Ϊﵽʲô磿֣ǱҶС˵
˵̫ˣڲŵ۷壬Ѿ۷ˣҿѰѾһֻ̤أʱͻˡҶСǫ˵ͬʱͷųԼȷʵ۷壬˵ΪҶС۷ĻǾʹشˣ϶⡣
۷壬ҾͷˣС磬ǽдһ£ôһҶСΪ۷壬֣Ǳʱ˾˫ð˷ܵĹâѾҶС类Ű龰Що˷ޱȡ
ǰζҶСһֱѹڿüˡ
ȷҪдһ£ҶСװһԸ˵
ȷС磬ɲҪڣǾô˵ˣѰǵ֤ˡҶСԥӣе㿴׼ҶСʵ֣ǱϽ˵ҶС練һ㡣
ðɣʱϣ飬ҪȻȥûȥŮѡҶС˵
ģһģ¸¸¡֣ǱЦһһҶСļ
һԵҶѰ֣ǱǸεӣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ҶСΪһʱ򣬶ܹնɱ֣ͨΪ۷壬˭֪ıֳսжôֲο֪ҶСһصˣˣôûаյأѾԤ֣ǱһΪͷ
Ѱʲô񣬹ֲŮˣԭǶȤȻǹϵǣҶȤûУҲҪҡ쵽ҶѰ֣Ǳһܺµ˵
ҶѰû˵ʲôһᡣ
ˣ㻹ûиңУҶСɻĿ֣Ǳʵ
ϲɽһ֣Ǳ˵
ϲɽȷʵǸõطụ̂õսʱɢƻΧĽҶС˵ͷ˵
ǸղŲŵУ
ǰصظģһʱĻȫô
û⣬ֻǹܷŮ˵ǮԼҶС˵
á֣ǱӦ
ߣʱҲˣȥУӦһŮǡҶС˵Ȼ˾Ŷȥ;ҶСӨһ绰ҪˣһһԷ


1001 
δԽÿſڶȺǶǸļҳĿд֮ɫĵȴţϣԼĺܹȡĳɼ
ڼڣǵһμɽ˺ĳû뵽߿ȻôҪ֪Ҳμһԣһ¡ѧУſڲԶ֣ǱǶյȴȺ˵
μӸ߿Ծ϶ͬ𰸡ҶСƳһ֣Ǳ˵
ʲôͬ𰸣ܹϮҲǱ¡֣Ǳ˿߳ܵ˵
ʱ㲥һ֪ͨʱѾ˵һ߳˿ɫһеĴŻûд򿪣ĹҪȴСʱʱ䣬СʱʱΪ˸鿴λԵĴ⿨ûͿá
ڶеУŴˣѧӿ˳
ҸѧõŮѸоӦòٱȽϸɾ֣Ǳ˫۷Ź⣬ɨЩ߳Ůѧﻹֹͣظ̫СУȲֱС
ҶС˶һҪѾһ١
Ů㣬ɣôôϤѵǰԵ֣ҾȻܹǰԵˣһŮ۰ãã˺ȥоϤھҰ֣ǱǸûа취ݡ
ţ붼Ҫ롣
ʱһһӵ䵽ԨһƬȻҶС
Ҳ٣İɣ֣ǱǿһЦҶСʵ
ȻˣѵɩӳɶӶˣҶС練һ䡣
֣ǱеŰɵӡ
һĽѩͺʫ˾˹ҶСġ
С磬ٶôô죬òǰ˰ɣߵҶСԣĽѩʵ
ǰģǰһСʱҶСЦЦ˵߰ɣ
һȣǵһˡĽѩ˵ȻĿͶ֣ǱҶѰ΢΢һ㶣Ȼˣϴλǳȡ
ҶѰ˵
찡Ҫôˣв֣ǱƵ˵ֲоôϤԭŪ˰컹ҶСŮˣ汯硣
ôˣĽѩɻָ֣Ǳʵ
ҶС罫ղŵ˵һ飬Ľѩͺʫ˶ЦЦ
ҸŮѣĽѩ֣Ǳʵ
Ȼˣ˶ʮˣȻǸ֣ǱƵ˵
ҪŮѵĻҸһֻ漸ʸеĻҾԲܡĽѩᶨ˵
ɩӣɩӣ㿴ҿǶԸרһˣС˵ţȻϽ͡
˭֪ʲôˣһһѾҪˣÿԵĻҿΪһ£ˣǴǾҵʱߵǸŮӡĽѩ˵
еӡ󣬹ؼɩ̫ƯˣڵסŮ˵˾ͺˡ֣Ǳһƨ
˵
˵ȴ˶ʮӵʱ䣬ˣȻǼͷСװ׾ģ״ޡ
ĽѩʫǵȾˡ˹˵
ûϵĽѩ΢΢һЦ˵
߰ɣһȥһſǱߵķ꣬ƻӨǱ߳Է̫ˣԱȽϺáҶС˵
Ľѩǵ˵ͷͬ
С磬ŮģҲ崿ɲɩһҽһ£ϴôûзֻôһƯŮߣʧ󰡣֣ǱѹҶС˵
û⣬Ǽͬһ˽ǵļ𣿡ҶСʵ֪ЩϵļڵĹرȽ϶࣬Ҳ뿴ߵһн֡
û£ǼûʲôҪҴ󲮡ҵļ壬ǵŶǴ׽ؼġ֣Ǳ˵
ĻҾѩһ¡
һ󣬼˾ߵӨ꣬ҶСӨȽʰһȻȥ˹һԷ
Ǹոտԣ˱Ƚ϶࣬һ¥¥ĴڶˣãСż䡣
ӨĽѩϿʹǰһǣҶСܹоĽѩеĲȻȻˣеԽܡ
СֵܣŮҲŰɣ֣ǱҶСʵ
ҶС˵ͷʱעĽѩӨ
ҶСΪҶ໥һ£֣ǱŹκεĻᣬż˶ȵߣҶСĽܺ˾һûһ
ĽѩҶС໥һۣҲ˺ܺʡ
һٷ֣ǱͶ֮Ĺϵ˲٣ȥʱ֣ǱԸµȥ͡
֣ǱȵоܹѾе㶯ˡ
Ľѩͺʫ͵˶ѧУſڣҶСصһ׼һԣҶѰӨһӣһСӿź«޹飬һſڶζĿš
·ߵһ羰ߡ


1002 д
ʱҶС罻֣Ǳ˽һһϢһᣬֻҪǻ磬䲻ʮ˶ȥμӡ
٣˴żһҪ⣬ŷ壬ԼŮˣԲ޸ˡ
ΪѾܹͰʥ뿹ˣֻҪʥֲ֣ûܹκε
żҵǱһԷ䲢󣬰˵֣ǣԷҲ˵ùȥϾ˼ûнʥѾ˺żΪİʥս˼׼
һſԿҪʱ֣ǱҶѰȥнӶȣҶСֻһȥĽѩͺʫһſڻϡ
ҶСڶſڵһУŴ򿪣Ľѩͺʫ˳ҶСȴǣĽѩ֪ҶСǰˣҶСһۣû˵ʲôҶСĴٶȺ׼ȷ֪ҪȻҪҶСһ١
˻صӨʱ֣ǱѾˡ
緹ҶСȹһȵϵʱ򣬲ŽŮ˻ȥĽѩס˺ʫļΪŮĸ߿Ѧ񷼶û⣬æŮҪæ
Ͼŵӵʱ䣬ҶС硢֣ǱҶѰŶǱȥ
С磬׼ûУģһҾԻ飬¸¡֣Ǳ˵
׼ˡҶС絭һЦղŽŮӶͻؼҺ֣Ǳʼдһ£ǺҶСһ㡣
һ˷ܵӣǶ飬ȷҪд裿ҶСٴǿһʵ
ϻȻˣģҾԻ顣֣Ǳ˵ȴҪһèۣߺߡ
ðɣҶСεĴӦȻôż㣬ҾͲˡ
֣ǱżҶСһ٣һӣǣԽԽ죬֪Ǿóһ˾վںϣѾԶ½أͿߵĹâ
׼ûУҪʼˡ֣ǱҶС˵һ
׼ˣɣҶСվںϣһƵӣûаƷȴĪѹ
ҶСڰںϵӰ֣Ǳһ˿ĸоתһ룬ҶСΪ۷壬սж£ͲҲܹԽԵС
֪ҶСΪĵȼ޷֪ĻһҪҶСд衣
Ƚһţȡ֣Ǳһ˺ƻһɿ磬ϵĲӿ֣ǱӰȻʧˡ
ҶС֪ǲʧˣٶȴﵽ˼£ΧȻ֮ںһֻҪзֵĵطӰʱ֡
ҶСһз죬΢ͷҲϷ
Ȼ䣬һֻųҶСǰҶСѾ˲ƶף
ҶСղվλãˮը죬һˮ𣬺һ
֣ǱûзŹᣬˮͿһˮڷڷɣľһ㡣
ͻȻ䣬ˮչѪҶС֣Ǳһվˮϣݣƾ֮ϵɽһ㡣
ơҶСһվںǰ̤һһɺ֮һĺˮ޴
䡣ˮͱˮɢˣˮɢûӰ쵽֣ǱŸ߿֮ҶС̤
ǴģսȻḻսÿһֱ仯пܱϡ
ҶС粻ϵĶ뿴֣ǱŶ˶١
֣ǱƷеߣͬȣϵҶСΧǿĹͣķʱΪѪǸʹҶС磬ҶСδ֪һ㣬ÿһιҶС綼˹ȥͺԼˣƫλá
˲ԶҶѰһĻ΢΢ҡҡͷѾ֣ǱҶС֮Ĳ࣬ǿɲһǰġ
ǰܹſҶСʵڸͿ͸֪ԼҶС֮ĲԽԽˡ
С磬㲻ôһֱȥɣĻдûʲô˼ˣϽ֣֡ǱǳƵ˵ѾˣҶСʵǱϱֵô򵥡
ҳ֣ҶС粻ȷһ䡣
ǵģϽ֣ȥһ㶼ʹ졣֣Ǳ˵
ðɣҶС˵ͷ˫Ŀһ裬ֲĹâŷȭգֱֱ
ľÿһɹɺˮҶСһȭȥ
ҶСһȭ֣Ǳѹ޴󣬺嶼һ㣬̲ס˳С磬Ҳ̫صˣϻǿֵز˵һ
֣Ǳһ˵ţһ߶Ƽˣ뽫ҶСһͷڿҪ෴ˡ
ҪдģⲻܹҡҶСһԩ˵
̬֣Ǳ˵һ䣬Ѱһ϶Ϊһ磬׼ҶСһȭֵķΧ롣
ҶСһȭķΧûеһһ޴İƴͷ
䡣֣ǱһӱĽˮҶСһץһӰͱӺˮץ˳


1003 ͷ
ءҶСӳһȭ֣ǱۿϣûжֻƾȻյĺܺãֻһϣܵˡ
ҵ۾֣Ǳĺк
ء
Ĵҵ۾
ء
ءҵ
ҶСӶȫϵ֣Ǳȭͷȷʵˬ죬ȻҶСûˣȴѿˡ
ӶʮȭҶС֣ͣǱ˳ȥƨһţҲ֪ɳȥ˶Զ
ҶСҶѰԡ
û뵽ʵô࣬һǰʮ֣Իһϯ֮ءҶѰҶС˵
ôϢҶСʵ
о
ˮһ춯һӰ˳ǱҶС߷˳ȥ֣Ǳ̤ź˫Ŀԡ
С磬ݣһӶءôأ֣Ǳ
ⲻܹңҾԼղסֲŲд裬Ҫд裬ʲô취ҶС̾һ˵
֣ǱӵˣԼȻ˼ϻбɵ
ַҿҪղֻˬûס֣ǸҶС¶һǸЦ˵
֣ǱԹĿҶС磬ҶСʲôԲһ㣬յ˫֣¶ͷһ
ۿڶģǴīҲޱȣһԳһӡ
֣ۡǱӣҶСЦ
С磬ҵֵܣôܹôأءӢͱˡ֣Ǳһʹ˵
˵⻹Ǻ飬ŮӶͬģ˶Ⱥ϶ôӣ˵Ϊ˴򱧲ƽʹͽս㱻ӣ˵ĹϵһҶС˵
ҶСĻ֣ǱĿһһȻ֮ɫ԰ЩܹŮӵͬģС磬лѹŮϣԭоаûʲôֶΣֵ˵һ˵
ҶС̧ž׼߳ȥ֣ǱϽ˿
˻صк󣬱ҶС˸һסƽСģò㣬ȻһƵꡣ
ڶĿʱ͵һûʲôۺӢҶС˵ûʲôѶȣЩѡ⣬ֻһ۾Ϳ˴𰸣һʮӵʱ䣬ҶСʮӵʱ䶼ˣӢû˵һСʱʮӵʱˣÿһοԶǰ
һſԽÿһһεĴɽʧˣܿúûȣûֳصѹϾһжѾȥˡ
ԽҶСһȥе˹԰˰ʱ䣬ɽȵȣйϵ
ҶСǣܶڸ߿󣬶ۼһKTVȵȽͷĻ
ϴԼʮӵʱ䣬˲˻ҶСĽѩʫͻ˼Һ˱㷵Է԰֣ǱҶѰͻؼҺ󣬱صԼסľƵꡣ
ҶСԤϵһ죬ȼ֣ǱһͷӣĹģᣬ֣ǱһƮƮȻ༸αҶСͷ
ҶСĽѩص󣬱Ľѩķ䣬˴򿪱ʼǱԴοԵĴ𰸡
ȶԣĽѩԵԵ˽ҶСܶ࣬һʹ𰸣˿Ĵ𰸹ŷ
һҹٷ֮ʮ˶ͬ飬ǾϲҴ𰸣Ʒ˻ϲǳܴһ˶ԼĿԶô⣬ΪһЩôˡ
˱ŵڱУСʱʱſ꣬ƵķԺС
˶ٷ֣ҶСʵ
˵ķڸҵġĽѩҶС˵
ٰܿʮְɣҶС˵ĵķûа취ƣΪĶģ֣жܹóٷ֡
ôٰ࣡ʮ֣ƽĿԳɼĻεܷӦܹȡ߰ٶʮңĽѩ佱ҶСһ䣬οӦܵ߰ʮ֣Զˡ
Ǻǣúﵽ쾳Ļķ˵һʮ֣ĳɼ뾩ѧһõרҵҶС˵
Ҷе㲻ȥѧүүȥԭ򣬺ߣĴܲͲȥѧӾû˹ˣܹΪΪҶŮҶ١ĽѩҶСһ˵
аұ֤ڲŮˡҶСᶨ˵
ŮӹأǲǾͿƲסԼˣĽѩضҶСʵ
ôأ־ᶨ»ݡҶСһӡ
ס˵Ļ׼Ůӡ
Ҽסˣѩ㲻ǿԭôŮˣҶС֮ɫʵ
һֱӱ⣬Ӧף˻ͬЩŮӼĽѩ˵
סҶС˵ͷȻĽѩǰһ滹һ˿Ľ٣ϾǸŮ˶ԸԼ߻Ůˡ


1004 ɻ
Ľٽĸ塢Ÿɡڶ֮еһַ׷׳أڳ
ܹɺ쳾ҲܹʹԼľӼᶨԺĪĺô
һ죬ҶСԷ԰кĽѩ\ľӣӸС۹似ͻȻӵ˷ᰵĵ绰˵ŷˣ᰺ŷǧʲô£ϽҶСһ绰
Ҷϵ绰ҶСɫΪÿ֪ŷһ綼Ҫ֣ŷǧؼȥû뵽ǾȻô졣
ôС磿ҶСɫǺܺÿĽѩЩĵʵ
һҪȳȥˣС۹һ콫似ϤˣҲڵʱǻԱҶС˵һ䣬æ뿪
ĽѩҲ֪ҶСҪȥϲɽμᣬܵҲȥֺҶС磬ʹǸ뷨ҶСΪҪߣĽѩǴһЩ似𵽷ãһҪܹһ˿ء
ᰵķݵĿڣһӢɳϣòŷǧƣŷǧ磬ŷ컪
һ꣬ŵϲɫʲôֵ˵飬ŷǧǷᰶϤϴŷģվˣǶŷһˡ
᰺ŷǧ˶棬һĮȻ
СãѾ֪㼤ڵѪΪǣĲвɶϣΪ˼ĴҪȥҪ׼ŷ컪һεĿŷǧ˵
磬ҲˣǵΪҵͼ峳죬꣬ѾҲָоˡŷǧƽ˵
Щ龡ܲȥòȥǳΡŷ컪΢΢һ̾¶һĨ۰ʹȻСãҲԼСܹҵԼҸǧļ򣬵ǣûԵĲ԰ôҲԼĿԡ
ôҶǻȥġŷǧҡҡͷ˵
㲻ȥҲûȥһһȥһʱ䣬ڿʱԽ࣬Խȥŷ˵
Ѿ㰲һ׮⼸һУѪ⣬ǴҵѪˣΪ˼ܹ㡢Ѫ峤ϻѾңǾ顣ŷ͸¶˷ܵĹâ
ǷˣΪһѪĴУȻԼɻǼįĿʼŷǧЦһ˵¶һĨ֮ɫ
סڣôΪŷ壬ŷˣŷѪҺͱΪ忼롣ŷ˫Ŀбų˵
ŷѪҺҪҲգһŷѪҺȫ黹ǣӴ˺ҲŷˣҲŷŷǧᶨ˵Ϊе㻺͵أǣ徹ȻҪ޸Լø磬Ƕô̵飬Ϊνļ崫УȻԼĺ׵ĽɣѾǼˣǼһĹߣǶô鰡
ִߵѪֻܹӺѪȸߵ˵ĸʣǵĺһѪȸߵˡ
˵ʲôٸ˵һղŵĻ֪֪ƾղ仰ͻᱻ崦̡ŷһŭ֮ɫк䡣
ȴһεļǿҲȼ޸ǿŷǧһƽ˵
ŷһվƱŷŷǧ
ˣŷģʲôѵóֲɣʱŷ޻һ˵ͬʱΪŷǧסŷϵơ
ѵûղǧ˵ĻǶԼĲŷĹâ
ѵǧղ˵Ļԣй涨ڵĽײֽɻѵˣȻ֪ʲôֶô೤ͬ£ǣ㲻ҲΥŷһѵѵǶԼĲ𣿡ŷ컪һ
ҲΪ˼룬һСŷ컪ѵѹһʱҲ֪˵ʲôֻ˵һ仰
ΪǶԼѵǻۿԿȡŷ컪ʵ
ŷ컪ѵĿģҪԣŷ¶һĨɱ⡣
ĿǴǧȥģǣֻҪڣԲǧ޸㣬ѵǲΥŷ컪ᶨ˵˿ãóѵ˵˭Ҳ˵˵Ĳԡ
ѵѵǾ֪ѵѵǼ巢չŷķŭ˵
޳ܣģʹЩͨ˶֪ڲ飬ִ徹ȻҪЩͨ˶磬һûʣյĿĻҪõǧΪǧø磬Ȼ뷨ҿ̬ŷĵЩＫΪˬھ˳
һʲôʸ˵ŷ塣ŷбų⣬һ˷ᰡ
ʸ񡣡ʱһͻȻ


1005 ̵ĳͷ
һӰͻأ˷ǰס˶ԷĿ⣬ӰȻҶСˣҿļʹ֣ҪȻڶԷĿ£ᰶܵˣӰʵǴ֮
㣿ҶСʱŷ¶ޱߵķŭ֮ɫϴУǱǰСӴˣΪԼǾȻܹܾˣʵ̫ˡ
ңû뵽ŷѾû䵽ֵزȻҪԼɻǻε˼㡣ҶС˵
Ǽֲһ˹ܣòҪ飬ҪȻҲŷ˵ֱӶҶС綯֣ǣȫûаܹѹҶС硣
ΪжҶСȻôһ˿ľ⣬ϵ̵ӡ
ҵȷһˣǣǧҵţҪǿаռţ˵ûʸȥܣҶС˵ͬʱ֣סŷǧ͵֫
ŷǧûзһϲӣ¶ŨŨ飬һĻŷǧŷɫ䡣
ŷģ˫Ŀȼܻ棬кһѵֱ˽ȥ
˵ûдһ̬ΣСͶŷǧкøУоͰһҪõŷǧʲôֶΣǰһʱ䣬˵ͨ˼ĳϣͬŷǧ޸Լʱжˣ񣬿ԼϲŮ˾ȻͶ˱˵Ļܹܵˡ
ʱֱӳ֣ǣֵĻ϶ٵһ¥ɴ޹֮ܵصĳͷǹɳ嶯ѹС
ŷ컪ǸǵӼΪ𾪣û뵽ԼСѾˣĻҪŷǧȥǧѡ
ѾһˣңǧѾҵˣǾͲҪǧȥǵĹߡҶС˵
ʲôǧѾŮˣŷ컪󾪣˫ĿһŷǧüĿ͸¶һ֮˵Ѿ֮ˣɲˣŷǧѪţ˶ŷǧͼһ˽ϣȻһѪȸߵĺû뵽ŷǧȻ֮ŷһѪѾܵ˱ѪȾҪߴѪ֮˵ĸʺܵͺܵˡ
ŮȻѾ飬ŷǧѵˣŷһ֮˺˽Ͻܵʲôĳͷ𣿼͵Űɣŷдޣ˫Ŀͨ죬ҪγѪ
žһİҶСֵģ˦ŷһơ
벻ҪҵŮˣһֻһѵҶС˵
ҶСŷĴһ׼֣ǿ벻̣ԼһõŷĺӵܣȻһ֪ǸĳС˦˸ƣҪǴ˳ȥôأ
ŷģ֣ﻹ޹ڡŷ컪һ
һͬĺĳӣһޱ߷ŭеŷ˹
ҶС磬־ͺҳȥһսŷĿҶС˵
һսǸʸ𣿲һսĻϲɽʱҲȥμᡣҶС絭˵
ãʱҪ¼һУԶ̧Ͷŷ˵˵תߣҶС˦һƣѾûȥˡ
ŷߺŷ컪鸴ӵĿһۣû뵽ǵĹϵѾֵز
˵ţĿͶҶС磬ǽҶСɣȻѾ飬úŷһΪеĴɣŷһѪۣǧ֪ģ򲻵ѵ£ʥǲֵģҲԼ棬㾡ԼΪôǧҵãҲϣǧܵ˺𣿡
ģֻҪûǧԲܵκ˺ġҶСᶨ˵
ס˵ĻˣΪ֮ŷ컪΢΢̾һڣȻתߣ鵽ֵزѾû˻͵أŷһ϶ŷǧץؼ壬ܳͷģҶС統Ȼ鷢ͻǱȻġ
ŷģȻԼǺ顣ŷ컪ߺ󣬷᰷ŭ˵ͻȻ̫ŷǧϽ˵Ǹǧû˵㡣
ûйϵѾŷˣҶҵˣǲ֪ҶҽҲŷǧһЦȻĿͶҶС硣
ҵţ˵Ҷһ㲻ҶС罫ŷǧر˻С
˵ҲҪ˼һҵĸܡһԵķ᰿˽رһһ˵
ðɣҹ˼һĸܡҶСٺһЦڳһֻ֣Ҳӵ˻С
ӵһ˱ɳϣҶСм䣬ŷǧͷҶСļϡ
ˣȥĻ㽫ܵʲôĳͷҶСͻȻʵ
ŷǧɫ΢΢һ䣬дһ˿֮ɫ˵ؽһյķڣȻŸֶЩﶼι˴ҩöܷ˽䣬ֱܷ


1006 ǱڵΣ
ŷһôݶŷǧĻ᰽һǷŭĹâ
ҶСɫҲÿѿ˼㣬û뵽ŷһںͨȻ̣֮֮ûԡ
ҲǼҴҵĳ̶ֳϾʹŷɴŹأֻҪ˼޹֮ˣ˭Ҳûа취
ģҾԲǰߵġҶСסŷǧᶨ˵
ŷǧܹߵģһߣҪȳǧˣϾŷʥ̶Ѩȥ
㡣ŷǧ˵
ҾҪȥϲɽμˣһȥҲġҶС翴ŷǧ˵
šŷǧ˵ͷ
С磬ɲҲһȥһڴ֮ɫ˵
㣿УΪ̫ˣڲźؾ磬һӶܽ㴵ɷĩҶСϵľܾˡ
⼸ҶС֣ǱǸͿ֪˾ĵطϲɽһɽ壬壬ֻ֪֪壬壬׼ȷ˵Ǵһռ䣬ͨ˸ͿΨ߲ܿüﳤѩ絶Ű쾳һ¾Բܴ֮ҶСҲ;ܾ˷ᰵĻ
Ǻðɣһ˫ĿҶСһۣȻвʣֻܹ֪ͬԼȥҲֻҶСۣԹԵĴڼ
ھ뿪һʱ䣬ҶС约Լˣŷһ˻ŷǧ˵⼸һѾȫһǾ㡣
㲻ŮѳԴףŷǧ˵ͷҶСʵ
£˽ݲؽǲ֪ԸⲻҶСЦ˵
ŷǧҶСһû˵
ҰסĵطǱиֱӦҲʹҵµ뻹ܹһʱġҶС͵
ŷǧʰһ¶˱뿪ˣ߳ڵСʱҶСֱӴŷǧڿռ䣬³ȥ˼ӡ
ȻҶСϣڵСⶼ˼ţǵΪҡ
ҶС罫ŷǧŵΤУһԵһУұȽϽΧ˺ܶ࣬ĵ˵Ĵڣŷǧİȫбϵġ
һܵķֲΧ۲ΧһһȻԷ԰ȥ
Ȼŷһ֪ŷǧѷ֮ôĵϸԷ϶һѱǲĽѩ׼ȥ󽻴һҲб޻
ڷɱĹУҶСüͷŷǧľͰȫ϶ʥֵŷһʥ֣ѱŷǧʹԷҪԼ֣Ҳ޻˵Ͼ˼ҵļ£뵽ҶС粻еķҡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶС뵽żңżҵǸͼľܿķԪͻƣ㣬Ǹ˶붼׼ͻƵʥ
żҵǸ֪ԼʮĲӴˮһգѱɱľܿйߣٽ˭֪Ǹ˻᲻ӱչ״̬ѹ
һ뵽ЩҶСͷ۲ѣƵûн˲𰡣
Ҫıŷһ⣬Էʥֳ֣ʲô赲
£ҶСصԷ԰ĽѩڿĲƺϰ似ǶõĿԼҪȻƬĲƺһǧٿס
С磬ôˣʲô£ҶСü͸¶һǣĽѩĵʵ
ĽѩĵɫҶС粻֪ò˵ҪĽѩ
Ůѣʲôѵ֪𣿡ҶСеԥĽѩ˵
Ů˾Ǻ棬ҲҶС֮ĹϵһѷÿһҶС˵ŻŮѵʱĽѩһ䣬˭ĳĳĳҸûйϵΪҶС˵£Ȼĳˡ
ҿԸ˵ҶС˵
ģҲĽѩ˵Ȼô˵ģǣȴҶС羿˵ʲô顣
ǹŷǧ顣ҶС翴Ľѩѩ˵
ŷǧĽѩ֪ģҶСŷǧѾ˹ϵѵѵǻˣ뷨סˣ֪Ƿ飬ô졣
ŷǧһ壬ѪΪأǲеѪ⴫ҶС罫ľĽѩ
ҶСĻĽѩɫԽԽѿ̲ס˵羹Ȼļ壬ǸŷޣȻԼò뷨ŷ˶ޡ
Ľѩߵ˵
㲻ҵҶСɻʵΪĽѩŷǧû뵽ĽѩŷһСŮӵ֮ͬġ
ʲô
ûʲôˣѩҺŷһ鷳ߺһҪע⣬ñһҶС˵


1007 ׼濨
ţҪСĵ㡣ĽѩǵĿҶС磬Դ˵ҶСİȫ
ˣС磬ڲǹ֯㺦ŷʥֳֵĻԸ߹֯Щ֣Щ˰㡣Ľѩ˵һ⡣
ҶСĿһ˲üͷЦһ£Ȼǹ֯ˣǿǲΪҵһ塣
ѵûа취ǰ𣿡Ľѩе㲻ĵʵ
ĽѩĻҶС˼˵ûʲôܹù֯Щ˳ְɡ
Ȼ˵ѾеһԱˣҲֻ˲׶µĻЩҲΪ֣ϾΪ˶һ壬ֻҪû˶ȥ
ôأҶСüͷͻȻ䣬˫ĿбųõĹâ
ǲ뵽ʲôˣҶСеĹĽѩʵ
ţ뵽һǲ֪вУԹ˾֪ˡҶСЦЦ˵
ʲôĽѩĿҶСʵ
һرҪܹõĻƼܹʮ꣬ΪӦÿԡҶС˵
һܹɹģôҪĶܹ档Ľѩϵĵ֮ɫ롣
лл˸ѣҵĺţ࣡ҶСĽѩһڣȥȡǸ
ҶС˵һʧˡ
ЩƼӵҲûʲôãȻ봴һҵĻãһǾ޴ôǣҵûʲôȤΪֻҪ׬ǮˣûбҪ˾ҪϣʶǴҪġ
ҶСӨɱȥ
Ǹ濨Ө¥һ꣬ʱѧϿεʱ䣬һ˶ûУӨȻ˹̨ǰĿ顣
ҶСһкȻ¥ǽڵķ϶ҳһ濨
Ŵ濨ҶС룬Ȳϵ֯ˣܲܽĶٿһݣ˵ʲôʱ򻹻á
Ө㣬ҲҪ꣬Գȥ䣬пҪˣʲôط㶼ûȥ¥ҶСһŵӨǰ
һ˳ȥ̫ˣҲϲֵ̫ĵطһ˱Ƚ徲һЩӨ˵
ҶСгһ˿ΣԴӨкûеӨһȥĹҲŵУӨֻһȽ׽ˣʵҲҪһЩССĸжСС
Ө㣬ߣһȥߣҲûʲôˣҲ뿴һֻ˿ȸһУĻꡣҶС֣صĿӨ˵
ҶСĻӨһ˫Ŀ¶⣬ܿͻָҡҡͷ˵˰ɣ㿴ͦæµġ
ҲæµھͳȥߡҶСվӨ֡
ҶСˣӨֻøҲСȥ
ûĸϲ¶ҲûϲįӨͲ⣬һ·Ө̳ȥ԰ȥСԽ֡ȥ⿴ˮȵȣϵЦԱ˺ܶ࣬ҶС񣬸ᡣ
Ͼŵʱ˲Żع飬һٷӨһҶС뿪ˣ³ŷǧס
ŷǧסĵطʱԣҲ֪˭졣
ﻹסϰ𣿡ҶСŷǧʵ
˵ֻҪŷ壬ﶼϰߡŷǧƽ˵ôʲô飿
ѵû鶼𣿡ҶС練һ䣬ŷǧϸ֫
ŷǧҶСһû˵ŵĻ
ðɣˣȷʵ飬ܲܽ濨еĶҸһݣҶС罫Ǹָ׸һСĴ濨˳˵
ǸصõĶҶС˵
ǡҶС˵ͷ
ҿĶ̫ˣճõĵҪĶȫٶʱ䣬ûô洢ռӲ̡ŷǧüͷ˵
ѵԷֿЩ𣿡ҶСɻʵ
ԣе鷳
Ǿذɣ׼ңҲûʲôãҪʲôȥ򡣡ҶСЦ˵
ǻŷǧȻ֪ҶСΪô˵ģ¶һ˿м֮ɫлл
žҶСŷǧĴһ£ҵŮˣ֮仹Ҫ˵лл𣿡
ڳȥһЩӲ̻ȽЩϿһ¡ŷǧ˵
áҶС˵ͷ߳ŷǧס˺ü豸ģ1TҲ1024GҶСڵȫˣ˶ʮ640GƶӲ̡
ЩĻ˵˸ȥ򡣡ҶС罫ƶӲȫŷǧ
ţھءŷǧ˵һ䣬һҶСһֱ
죬ҶСִԼ뿪ʱһһһԼߵЩŮˣԼҪȥһʱգΪԼġ
Ϊľܿ㣬רȥȪһˣľܿ㣬ż֮鷳һжͷϣһԷ׵ɱľܿ㣬Ҳδѣδ˭Ҳ˵


1008 ͬͷ
ʱŷǧڽȫΪ˸Щ֪˶õƶӲ̡
ŷǧȽЩҪúƶһʰǸ濨ϣ׼绰ϰһˣһ˵绰
ͨ绰ֱһ䡣
ҾаҴ绰ʲô飿ҶСɻʵ
Ҫˣһȥ˵
ҶСû뵽С椻ͦãǺԼʶطҪԼһȥ
ãҲһҪæҶС˵
ҸղУ˵һַ㡣˵
ƽСסĵطҶС΢΢˼һ˵
û˵ҵ˵绰⼸ûмֱӣŷǧһкȻ뿪ˣƽСȥ
ҶС¥ʱͿſվŮʦϡ
ٵˡҶС˵
һΪǻû뵽Ȼô졣ҶСЦЦ򿪷˽ȥ
׳աƳҶСһ˵
ҶСɫһÿһζԼС椰׳գû뵽ȻʼԼˣҶСҲûںĻƤһ㣬ʲôνˡ
ˮ;ˮ֭Լãÿ߽ȥҶСһƨɳ˵
ҲûкҶС˽ҶСԸֱ߽֭һЩˮ
׼ʲô飿ʵ
ʵҲûʲô飬һȥǱߣ֯ڣʥȥ𣿡ҶСʵ
ʲôЩɻʵ
Ҳǹ֯˰ɣʥǿ߶ҳ֣Щʥֻ᲻ҳͷҶСʵ
ʥǿߣüͷʵҲĿͶҶС硣
ǰɣ
Ȼ˵ʥǿ߲ܹ֣ǣ˶ԷĻԷҪ֣Ҳɵģһ˵ʥǲΪʥֵģ಻Եֹһ£ԷִҪɱ㣬û˻Ϊͷҡҡͷ˵¶һĨġ
ֳܹԼļֵĻȡʥǿ߻ڳ֡þòͻȻ˵
ʦ˵ûд˵˵ôһ£ҿûнİ취
ӦõҰɣŷǧŷˣǲѪһּеԱзͻᱻڲ̵ĳͷҪǧؼܳͷҵȻŷ˽ߣߺŷ˻Ѱ׼ȥμᣬʱʥǿ߳֡
ͲܴŶ㵽ĵط𣿡˼һ˵
һʱ㲻һ綼ҪģǧǻвңĻ󷽷ĳ֡ҶС˵
ŷĹһȽϸ񣬿û˻Ըͷҡҡͷ˵
öȡһҳͷĻᣬ֪ǻ᲻ͬ⡣
ʲôජҶСʵѾ˼ֲ²⡣
ѯʵǸô֯ʥֻΪҳͷ𣿡ҶС絭һЦ˵
Ŀұͻɶֻһֱûʲô֤ݣû뵽ıõˡ
ֻѡҶС絭˵
治ͬĻôʱͻȻʵ
ǻͬģĲͬ⣬Ҳͬģô󣬲һ塣ҶС絭˵
оû˵ʲô
ãΪϵһ£ͬⲻ˵һ䣬Ȼ˳ȥ
һرˡߺ󣬷һƬžþãϳ˵
ˣֻһͨˡҶС絭˵
˼һ˵ȷʵһͨˡ
ԼСʱʱ˽һĨϲɫͬˣʱԸ
ллҶСм˵һ䡣
л׼ʲôʱʵ
죬ǾϢɣǡҶС˵
û˵ͱʾͬ
ˣһ뿪飬ԿǷڲ輸ϡҶС˵һ뿪ˣԷ԰ɱȥ
·;У֣Ǳһ绰糿ƽСſڼ
صŮӻϰŸּɡ
Ҫﵽľ绹һЩ򡣡ĽѩһƷҶС˵
ô˵һǲУҶСĻĽѩͣʵ
ѾˣΪʱ̣ûʵս飬Ҫﵽľ绹һ·ҪߡҶС絭һЦ͵
ƺܲǲˣĽѩʵ
ţģͬˡҶС΢΢һЦһ仰û˵Ȼͬˣһж˼Уܱ
ҾͷˣŷҼЩ治ǶߡĽѩŷ弫ΪĲ
ѩҪˣһҪԼչ˺Լһ߱ģʲô˵£ȥҳºƣʶġҶС˵
ô죿
ǵġ
ҪСŶĽѩе㲻ĿҶС硣
ģһûµģһĻ㡣ҶСǺһЦ


1009 ľܿΣ
ڶ峿ҶС˫Ŀл˯˶ҶС¶һĨ顣
Ľѩǣüһ˿ĳݣƻΪİȫġ
ҶСϢ𴲣Ľѩ۵ĺ촽һڣȻȥҶСȥʱ򣬰ڴϵĽѩ˵˫Ŀǳһ˿ɫ
ղҶС𴲵ʱ䣬Ѿˣֻ뿴ĳ棬ÿһҶСˣк£ҶСˣԼ̲סҶСȥ˲װ˯ˡ
һҪȫĻĽѩ૵
ҶСƽСſں֣ǱҶѰѾСſڵȴˡ
С磬ôڲǲ۹ȣ֣Ǳ¸һЦʵҶСһ˶ɫ
ѵûڶȼֲ㻹ûгԵɣҶСʵ
Уһˣһ˼¸еˣ׷ǰͼʽ׷ϵĴ̼ҶСĻ֣Ǳһ˾ӵӣȻҶСһۡ
֣ǱĻ˶һģҿûг㡣
ߣ֣ǱĿͶҶС硣
һᣬ˺һȥȵһȥҶС˵һ䣬Χûˣʧ
ҶС¥ʱžʹ򿪣˾˳
һΪû𴲣߰ɣҶСЦЦ˵
û˯൭˵һ䣬Ȼͺ¥ȥ
С椻ô䣬ҶСĵҲ¥ȥ
ҶС˸յ£ֿɶһͼ˳һ崿ɰģ
С磬㵽ȥҶСֿ֣ɶĿһϹҳǳǳ΢Ц
ҳһˣ⼸ҵķͽˣɲҪ͵ŶҶСЦЦ˵
šֿɶɵĵ˵ͷȻĿͶϣ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ѵϺСסһֿɶоеȻ
СѾͷʲôأôôӣúѧϰҪ롣ҶСֿɶԴ˵
С˼ԴֿɶС˵
ǺǣϰˡҶС˵
һǾ߳ƽС
Сټλټֿɶ˵һȻ߾ҵվǱȥ
ͦģղǸСö˰Ľ֮ġ࿴һֿɶıӰȻĿͶҶС硣
ɱ˵ҵáҶС˵
׼˵ʲôʱȴû˵˫Ŀбų⣬Ŀķ֣Ǳ
ߡһһӴƱŷȻջأһ档
֣ǱһһɫԵ۾¶һ˿⡣
ëַˣҶСǺһЦ˵ȻΪ໥˶Է
ҶСĽ֣ܺǱָֻԭӣλɩӺãղǱǸ
ûе֣Ǳ˵һĿ˹Ϻ˵Ŀ⣬ǷĿһӴ֣ǱĻ
ҶСϲ˺ߣһﻹǵģʲô˵
ǹ֯еˣҪᡣҶС͵
֣Ǳ΢΢һ㶣Ͻ˵ǸǸˡ
Ľѩֻĵһ֣ǱҲûнʲôĿͶҶС磬ѯ֮ɫ
ҶС֪ѯǲǿˣǿ˵ڵһһҪһȥ
ԼʮӵʱŷǧһС˹һ˾ôȥ
ߺһʱ䣬ȪӭرĿˣˣΪᣬɢһɲ׵ĳ֮һĸ߰ĿһУƺеһǶУĿʱʱŲмĹâ
ʮˣʱѵɣ߽Ϊ׵һ국˵Ȼ󣬵ȴÿ˵Ķߡ
¥Уľܿʱɫ䣬һԥóֻҶС绰ոһ壬еֻʱ飬һΪƽ𣬡׼Ǹ˴绰ڶʮǰѾע
ո£һͦεӰͳſڣŶ֪ʱѾˡ
ҲŮ˵ģ㲻䡣ܺܺ£ľܿ㻹˵
Ҳ䣿㲻һеͨ˶ѣܹĸ˺ʲôЦһ㣬ЦгԸͰ˲Цݾˡ
ԣʮȥ㲻ܻôᣬף㾹Ȼߣһȡ
ⶼ˵Ĺͣ±ģҲ˹̤ĵ·˵һҪл㣬Ҫ㣬ҲҵСˡľܿѾˣѾָ˹仰䷢Էθж顣
仰ɫһ䣬üΪѿһţһƾշľܿ岻ľͷɵߡ
ץסľܿһɫľܿڡ
ò鿴ˣҵһжѾҵСˣˡľܿƽ˵Ŀдһ˿ıӡ


1010 żŲ
ƲûľܿĻ鿴ľܿڵ
Ȼ䣬ɫһ䣬˫Ŀбų˺˵Ĺâץסľܿһһ˳ȥ
顣ľܿ嵹ɣ˷ǽϣǽϵװз羰ͼĲ˲飬ǽ϶ѷ졣
ľܿѪһĲ԰ס
ܺãܺãһȥμģߡ˫ĿɱȻ˵
ǣˡĻ£Ӱͻأľܿߣľܿȥ
ľܿıӰһɱŮ˵ĳ嶯뻹ǷˣΪ˵ˡԼŲżҵĽһͲƽˣΪɲ⣬ʮǰѾ˰ʥľ磬һ棬һûܹԽһżȻĻᣬŮ⣬ܹŮԪ֪һ˫֮Ů֮ʱںϵǹܹΪ
ʽʥ㲻ʲô£һˣһܲƽˣôᰴͰֻͻƵʥһأľܿ㣬֪ԼĻˣûżͻƣڰʥʥ֣ȵٽ˫ܹ֮һ죬ΪüΪһ̣ڶʮǰѾʼõģκѲ⣬ǸŮѾǴ֮ˣǷԪѾʧеĲóһգ˵һصĴĸܹܵˡ
ͬһѾһֶѾ̤ʥΪʥеһЩͻƵѶ˺ܶ࣬һҪҶСǧеĳ嶯
뵽ЩϱųһǿغѾµ֪ľܿҶСߵĺܽûɶ֪ǸƻĲã谭˾ҶС硣
һŲݺݵ˵ھĵ
ľܿҶС绰ʱһ˸ոշɱظԭУ׼Ϣһϣڶʱֱȥϲɽ
ڵ·ҶСͻȻоֻһ£Щɻֻóһľܿĵ绰
ô˵绰ֹҵأҶСѵǳʲôˣɫܲÿ
С磬ôˣʲô飿ҶСߵŷǧҶСɫʵ
˶ĿͶҶС硣
ûʲôҶˡҶС˵һȻ͸ľܿ绰绰дһŮľܿģǷƽ̨ģĺʱ޷ͨԺٲ
ҶСʱоľܿһǳʲôˣ붼żҵˣ뿪ǰ͸ľܿ˵ʲô飬͸绰ľܿΪѾ˺۷壬ʲôµĻ϶ǿ߳ˣݴƲ⣬ٷ֮ʮżҵˡ
òҪʲô£ҪȻһżҸ۵ģкݺݵ
С磬׷ʲôˣŷǧʵҶСɫԲԣʶС
ֻͨղҴһ绰żҵ˳ˡҶСص˵Ȼ󲦳ͯĵ绰
㣬ɲȪҸˣȥһǲǷʲô£ղһ壬Ȼֻʹͨˣһˡ绰ͨҶСȲ˵
õģȲҪҴ绰һ¡ͯ˵绰ûйңֱӲһ룬Լʮʱռߵֽˣ绰ͨ
С磬ˣܿĳˣղܿ㣬˵̤ʱ˵һ䣬ʮˣʱѵɣǻ᲻ҪЮܿЩˣСһҪܿЩоȳͯŵʵ
õģ㣬һȳġҶСᶨ˵
ҵ绰ҶС΢΢һĵż֮ˡʱеڣ֪żǸ˻ľܿ鷳ĵĴȪУԼ
żҵ˰ˣȥһˡֻװ˿ڴУҶСص˵
ȥ֪Էľܿ侲һ㣬ȻԷֻǴľܿ㣬˵ľܿǻõģпܾΪ㡣
ϸ룬żҵǸѾչضˣ³أҲйϵ붼㣬ԣֻҪȴԣòŻȥ˵ȥͶԷˣʱȳľܿĻҲʹˡŷǧΪҶС侲ķ
ˡҶСһԼ侲ŷǧһм
㾹ȻĵżҵǸˣһĹھǸʱѾǰʥˣҪСġҶСһ䡣
С磬ǿֵȻżǸ˵ǽǣֵ֧֣֡Ǳ¸һЦ˵
Զ㣬ʲôǽǣ㱾ҵġҶС˵
֪ˣŮˡ֣ǱҶС硣
ǿʾƵȴƵڵһԱߣ˵רΪߴһƵ꣬Ļ϶Ƶꡣʱϵ˵


1011 
л֪ʾƵ𣿡ҶСмĿϡ
ߣǾϢ˵һͼǰȥ
ĿܸдųյĽĲãеۣ¶ȴߣƴŵİˣ·ΪԶŮӶˡ
ʴƵֺ룬տͬһĲǽһ֣ʴƵꡣ
ƵȫɻĹĸزŵ˹ģϡҶС綼ⲿŵˣǵסˣÿ˿һ䡣
ոպã֣ǱԹܴ󣬲ϵСֹҪľͷ׮סһˣĽĿҶСŷǧΪʱûдһŮˡ
׼̸̸룬ǣʦһ·Ϻ˵֣Ǳڨ˼ΣԷĿһ裬͸Ͻˣ֪ԼΪʹ򲻹Էһ·ֻҪҶСҶѰ˵
ҹ٣䣬ֵϵ˶˳ֻһЩ˵ŮӻŶ̿䣬չԼˡ
һ㳾ͺƲһϮҶСҲܲƽӵŷǧλǻ۶òŮӣߡ
ʶչƵеһжҰУĸֻ治٣Ϣģǻһߡ
Щ͵Ϊ죬ҶС֪Щ˲μӱԵģսӼʶġ
ô˯ģ㲻µġŷǧ˵
֪е㵣ģǲǳԴˣҶС絭һЦʵ
е㣬㱧ңȴűŮˣĸŮ˶ٶе㲻ףϾڻڲȫ״̬ŷǧƽ˵
лл¡ҶС˵һŷǧĺ촽ѵˮһǣȻӵŷǧ˫ۡ
ڶ죬ҶС˹ŷǧѾ𴲣ôŵԡ
ϴ˾߳˷ȥһ¥㣬֣ǱѾˡ
ͺҶСǸ߳Ƶ꣬ͿϤӰǹ¶ˣкͶС㣬߻ꡣ
кͶСҲҶС磬˫ĿųҪҶС翴ͨ͸
硭С۾һС˷ܡҶС˿첽˹˫۽ҶС籧סСԴҶСĻв˲䡣
ҲˣΪĻͦģѾ졣ҶСЦЦ˵ͬʱһʣѵСûбӡһΪ
ȥû뵽Ѿ͸ˣһ֣ڴһսʱǰҶС˵ĿսȻ
ŶеĹâҶС뵽һôеһֶӣпɬһЦ
ԷսȻͬҲеǹɲӣѪҺڷڣҲ뿴һĸ֡
һķӡѾΪѾﵽأһϢΡɽǰΰʵԨɲ⣬ļϿһúڲŵľ޴壬οһ޴ĿӦþǶеˡ
ҲǣΪԽˡҶСƽ˵˵Ŀо洦硣
磬ôһսأǸϽȥҶС绳뿪ǵıҶС첲ſɰСӿŶ˵
СĻгһĨ֮ɫ΢΢˵ͷǰ
С磬Ҳôһкʱ֣Ǳ
С㿴ȥ֣Ǳʱ򣬸ϽҶС󣬺Сñ˴ǣĶ֣Ǳ򣬡㣬å
С㣬ɱԩңҿǸˡ֣Ǳһί˵
Ǵ󻵵磬ȽȥС˵һȻҶСƵȥ
һСѾͷѾͷ˲ǳҶСӶ¼Ǽ˵ϸܵһɵӣǶСԭ
˸ʱͻȻ䣬ͣ壬ղǸܵһȵϢǹϢƺҪѹһУ£˭İǰһеķˡ
ŤͷȥֻĵӰӽֵϻ˵Ŀȫǰ·ǴиɽĺΰΡ룬кˮĹ޾Ҳһĳһ̼䣬ؼΨһûֵܹסķɡ
˵עʱ˭ҲûзҶСӰѾʧˡ
żҵǸˡҶѰ˵һ䣬ȻĿͶҶС磬ĿͶʱ򣬷ҶС粻֪ʱѾʧˣС㱧ŷǧĸ첲죬𺳣ʱǶҶСѾʧˡ
пһĻ˫Ŀһ˼ر˼
ͻȻ䣬һ޺ȣ쳹أһϻоƵڣ˶żҵŲŭˡ
ȥֻŲһĳԵһģӰ


1012 
ǵӰֽһ㣬ŲƷιͺƲһ顣
һĻŲɫһ䣬תȥֻż֮ľܿѾʧˡ
ʱҶСѾһص˾Ƶǰվһֻжһˣһ֡ȻµŮˣһһЦжһɵߵ޷԰Ρ
С硭ľܿʱŷӦ˹ԼİС˻УʱίȫˣΪǧ飬ѩźһֱ۲ҶСĲӣȵ˹ȥ
Ƶſڵ𾪣û뵽ôھƵſ˵ŷǧһƽһ㶼û
Сһ˫鶯۾Ĵģٶ˵һĻ
˵С磬ﻹСӣ㲻ҪСӴˡ֣ǱͻȻƻգװһ˾ӵӡ
ǸĽʺްôôĵŮһţû
㣡ʱǵٴιĿƳգ㣬ҶС
ܵΣյϢ˵촽ֿҶС罫ľܿ໥һۣһʤĸо
ҡҶСͬù⻪˫Ŀбų
䡣һǲõ˼µĹâĻϵĽҪãһĨؼΨһ
⻪֮лָһУƸղŵһжΡ
żҵ˹Ȼ޳ܣȻҵŮ˴˹ҶС絭˵еıӺΡ
ʲôŮˣڶʮǰѾ˵ҵŮˣѵûаҵĻһ£Ųʵɢÿһ仰˸߸ϵζ
ʮǰ˵ǾˣΪ˵ĻʥּǶɣܿûͬ⣬ʲôǿҿǿ磬ǿϣ㣬һӣȴż飬޳ܡҶСݺݵıһ֪ο϶ȺݺݵһһƬϿһɵĿֲϢܹܵõʥǿߵϢڣȻڹ컯֮£ͨ˵ǰ֡
Χܶ˶ڰ룬ĸż˾Ȼʲô˵Ӣ°
żǸˣ̫̫߰ˣʱǿͺԼǹŴִµľÿжˬ
ƻҵһУգҾ˵ţŲҪ֡
ס֣˭֣ҲĸĸɵˡʱһƵþ춯ա
ֻ߲ܹü
ȻҶСľܿǣʥǿߵľòˣΪʥһЩҪ죬ô˵ûдﵽʥΪжô죬Ĳֲ࣬ġ
лһ죬ȴҶСƻˣǿҵĺ⡣
ãҿһ˭ܹ赲Ų˵һ䣬תߣסƵˣȥĵطס
лǰ֡ҶС繧˵һȻҶС֪Էǲִ˼޹ͨˣҶС绹ô˵ˣһʥֽõĻᣬȻŹ
۲ȻɼΣǣñ֮ͨ
㲻øлңǲǲҵľƵ꣬ˣ㲻ҿ㡣ֱҶС
Ųߺ˽ҶСͶĿ⡣
㣬ǧǽ˵ҶСŤͷ˵Ҹһˣ߽˾Ƶꡣ
ҸˣȻôòš
ŮǻˮΪŮˣᱻնɱżҵǸжôǶӦ֪ӡ
УżҵǸ˲һ˽ˣҲŲô
һõ˹ھˣʹʵٲãҲǶ֡
ҲɣϢһͳʦʦǶѾˡ
ҶСߺΧܶ۷׷ףǻҶСһкҶСߵλŮͷˣóȻǰȥк϶Ǵ˼ˡ
Ҳȥɣ֣ǱӢò˰ôûôõĸأ֣Ǳ̾
åλƯģбͰλ׷֡¶СգŴ۾֣Ǳ˵һ˿
֣ǱһЦǶ˳飬Ů˱ȼҪʵ䣬ûǸСѾͷǰȻܹȿȡλŮϲͣϲľС͵ģС㣬ԸⲻԸ⡭
磬å۸ҡСڶһ˵
¶û˵ֻǵĿ֣ǱһۣȻ˽룬Ǿ
֣ǱһƵӣΪ˾Ǳ簡̾һҲ˽롣
ʱҶСǸڣһɫӰڴϷţ棬һ̣е˼ίҵķй˳
ŷǧûڣĬĬشһ䣬΢΢̾һ¶һ˿֮ɫ


1013 ϲɽ
ҶС粢ûŷǧѣŷǧûעʱŷǧҡ
ҶС֮£ŷǧľܿ໥֮İŮҶСɹһη
һŮҶС࣬΢΢ϲ˾ƺɫĳ졣
ûпǧôе㱣أҪҪУ֤եСˡľܿһЦ˵ַ龡չ
ҵԸ񲻺ʣŬһ㡣ŷǧһЦ˵
ϲǽĵطһŮѾˣŷǧ侲ǻһƽĺˮһˮµĸоľܿ𣬷֣͸¶ģԭʼ
˽ȻͬķȴĪĴ̼
´Ƭ̺˱𴲣ϴһ߽Ǿ׼ϲɽ
˳֣Ǳ໹ж¼˶ھƵڵڵȴ
ôͳˣҶС翴ʵ
ôͳˣõʱ̫ˡ֣ǱƲƲ˵˵ļʣΪëô˧˶ûôõ
ǸǾ͵ˣ߰ɣҶСǸ˵˵˵ͷȻһȥ
ҶС󣬹¶СĻ˺ܶ࣬ʱʱùĿ۹⿴ҶСˡ
ϲɽߴΰɽλظԭϲԵشǧͦεĸ߷壬ܶɽĸ߶ȶѾﵽǧϣͦվɽ⣬ɲĺӹȡ
䣬ɽѩǣ̹ǣжϸСѩǵɽߵãҲǵĵÿ겻֪жٵɽ߶УˣԾкܶĵɽɶ˻һﲻ
ʱϲɽһվĵضΣһȺ˺ӰһƮЩվ˵ʲô㲻ʲôҶСһˡ
ϲɽ룬Ϊվĵط屼жȥ
Щ͵ɽ˾̾ɽȱ͵סǰĲ
ҶСǧ׵һѩɽϣһȺźɽŰĵɽԱһɽϲá˷ܡ
ʱһ۾۲Χ羰ͻȻһ쿴ʲô
ҿһŮ󣬺Ĵù۾ϸȥ찡ѾһȺˣôأôô죬쿴Ȼ
ŮӸǿŵĽ
˺ܶɽԱĹעǷ׷óԼ۾Ůӹۿķȥ
һȵĽ
Ǿʲôˣôѵָ֣
ȷʵǸ֣˵ܴ󣬺ܶǶǲ𡣡
ʲôϿһѵ
ܶĿڱеҶС˵Ȼ֪һǵȻһЦûںЩ˵ֻ֣ǱǷɧİһΪ˧ơ
ۣһ˵ڿҡһŮɽԱһ
Ҳĵˡ
ΪߣʹԶԼԼǰеĶСһ֣Ǳ
硢һ߲ľܿҸҶСߣʱʶǰСˣڱշ壬ͥ
ȷʶҶС˵顣
ʲôأҶСʵ
ҾҺҸǻȥס¡ľܿ˵
ȷҪסУҶСǹҳһ˿Цʵ
ȷšľܿᶨ˵飬ܹҶСڻˡ
ٺ٣ȻȥҿҪȥȪѧҶСһЦĿľܿ˵
㡭۸ҡұľܿ¶һСŮӡ
û۸㣬ʱһ쿴㡣ҶС˵
С磬ܲΪЩ룬ءôʱ˴ҵȣҶСĻ˵֣꣬Ǳͽ˵Ľ
ҾͲŻǸŮӿåСǲ֮ɫ
Բӣô˧ôƷλˣôû˿أǰɣС硣֣ǱһȻ
Ҳ֪ҶСʵʵ˵
ɣ綼˵֪С֣Ǳһۣ漴¶һɻӣɰСӣףôһζ
СĻ˶üͷ
ȷʵһζҶС˵˿ܣָϷһѩɽ˵ζǴѩɽϴģȥ
˵˵ͷÿжǿҵĺģЩҲ⡣
ԼӺ󣬴ѩɽɽһжҶСԺУѩɽɽשɫ۵ĹͷһΧһȦһͷ⣬ζǴӿɢġ
ͷˣѵǺУѵиĳˣҶС
ʱһѾеѩɽɽɽϵһѾ֪
λʩ·Եһ˸յɽһǴĺпдġ
ȤѾһ˾ģȻ˵ʲô·һʹ룬Ƕȥ


1014 Բ
ת˲䣬˾ߣĺ⣬жȶ飬ͣӷ
һĻȤоҲ⡣
ֵĺУʲôʱֵĺҲԿˡ֣ǱֵĺԣðĶһ鿾⣬ûв´ĻһѩˣֱѩɽϣֻѩҲΪɴࡣ
ӷԲգ꼴Ե֣СһƷԲ˵һ䣬ȻȡһƤƴݸ֣Ǳ
ҶСһǺùŰִľƿȻƤƴ˺ܿ£ΪޱȣȻѾﵽأŸɵĵ̻ǿ󰡣ҶС̾һ
л֣Ǳ˵һ䣬ֵĽӹ˾ƴȻ͹һڡ
һھˮȥɫǺޱĿиоųҡ
ৣ֣Ǳ򽫾;ƴߵѩϣһʧˣһ飬޴
λʩҪģһˮҩĺƵģ̺̫ˣղλʩȵľˮܶ࣬Ʋסǹй»ˡԲս͵
ԭһһΪǻˡС˵
ӷλŮʩҷԵܹţһϲ¡ԲҡͷԵһ䣬ŶС˵
ҲŲҪأǸӺѿСһС˵
Բյ΢΢˳飬ҶС̲סЦ
ҶСЦԲսĿͶҶС磬Ŀһλʩ㡭
ͣͣͣǲ˵л۸ҷԵܹţΪգûеԲ˵꣬ҶСʹĻ
λʩҷԵһ֪ͨʩΣԲնҶСʵ
ûееİãʹԸŶԸ⡣ҶСЦЦ˵Ȼߵ֣ǱղλãŤͷŷǧľܿ˵𡣡
ӷɫǿգռɫʩôͿ͸أԲͨ̾һ˵һ͸һеĴʦ
Ȼ㶼˵ɫǿգռɫôͲʲôϵأҶС絭һЦ˵
˵ҶС˵ϷŵǸƴ򿪺ĺһڣֻþˮ뵣Ũޱȣһ·ƣɢˣͻȻ䣬һɾ޴˳ҶС׼ӴһתЩȫ뵽ÿһ֣ǿȡ
ʩΪҶСһھƣһ㷴ӦûУԲ̾һ
ҲΪǺþưҶС̾һٴκһڣȻ˵ԲСʦԵһˮ͵͸ˣлл
ҶС绹ûе˼ͬ⣬˵һллȻŷǧŵǸС档
ҶСѸٵĶԲˣһۣԼʦƭģԼûúȼڣղǿǸ˵ͻƵıԵǸ֮ˣܶθڣһڣ׼ԼıˮҶСˣҺܲĺΪؼľȻˮȫˣ֪ѾˣҪҪˣβѡ
ʱССǶ˹໥жһԲеһһ⣬пĺУǲȾƣ⣬Բտ⣬ǸϽӷ
һһɢ
ͻˡһСƬ̼䣬һӰͷɱ˹һзǱ΢ͷѣо䣬һ˷ܵӡ
ǿʲôǲǼˣҾ֪¸¸¡֣Ǳ˹һƨҶСߣŤͷԲ˵лԲСʦ
лʩҷԵһԵҲӦõģӷ𡣡Բյ˵
仰ĽҶСѾ֪ԲյԸˣȻǺУǣȾƣ⣬Ĳɣƫƫһ˴ȱΪӷɮӣǸƷ
֣Ǳ򻰱Ƚ϶࣬ʮ仰оžǼٵģһһشһȻüۣȴ˵ź쳾֮£ƫƫһеӡ
һԵ
һԲսǰѩ⿾ˣȻ˷СûҪһ
Բһߴڴڵĳ⣬һ˵ŷⲻײľٶ˲Ц
ԲСʦܶҵθڣʲôݣѵоͲܳ⣿ǰɣ֣ǱҧһڣȻ˵
ʩԼǣ⴩ֻҪзɣӷ𡣡Բ˵һȻִڵĿ
˵秵ĻȴǴڴڳ⣬ȷʵǸࡣ
֪ʲôǷ𣿡ҶСһ䡣
ʲôǷ𣿡Բ΢΢һ㶣еãҡҡͷ֪Ҳû
㶼֪ʲôǷΪηУҶСٴʵⲢҶСͨƨֻΪһԲնѡ
ҶСʩȻҷԵȻܹʳô򵥶µĻӷ𡣡
ΣҲһѣиòԴ˰ɣҶС
ȻˣԵ֣Ա֮ϢƬ̣ˣƺƵɱȥ


1015 
壬λϲɽλãһ֧أΧơƮƮ죬ͬһɽ
ͨϲɽ빵֡ӹȣͬ¥ɽӽ֮ĿȥĿͿԿһ޴Ρ롢ȸߵɽֱƴ͸һƬռ䡣
ûǴ͸ɽһѾˣ·Ŀռ䡣
һԶԶͿһ֮ʡ졢λá飬˵ĸо
壿ʵ̫ΰˡǰֱɽ壬֣Ǳ̾һȻӼ峤е֪εΡ룬εӴÿ˵壬ǲʤ꣬ǣĿʱ֪ʲô𺳣ʲôȻ档
̾ˣϽ߰ɣҶСһǰȥ
Ѿǰ˷ɱһСʱʱŵɽ£оǳ֣Сʱʱ䣬ǶܴԽظԭˣķУȻϲɽȺɽУƿռ䱻һ㡣
ԶΰΡ룬һͬζվǰоһֻһɽʱŸо˴Ȼΰ
ɽͣƬ̣˾ȥ̤壬һɹӵĲɣ֮ÿ˵Уɽ֤꣬˸ʱıǨʷĸ棬׺ɣݱ䡣
ֹӵϢ˵顣
ɽһ޷ݵĸоһ·ϳĬ˺ܾõĶ΢΢һ˵
ȷǣϢĹ죬ƺеׯϣҲеѹ֡
û˵ǰУɽһζǼӲʯûһ˿⣬ҲûɭɭģͬǱѩһ㡣
Լʮӵʱɽ忪ʼ˱仯𣬽µıʯΪʯǿĴʯð
ɫԭԽ࣬Լ˶ʮӣɽһѾһƬ̧֣ͷȥľ죬Բԣ˹һľи滨ݣиѾ˵СͶ
뵽ƬϵɭУ˾˭ֹ֪ϵɭûΣմڡ
ǳʪȵĸоΧľһȴֲ֣ҶƬǳŨ񣬻մЩӨ¶飬
𡭡ͻȻ䣬һҰ޵ĺеҡŭ
ҪҪȥ֣Ǳѯʵ
ǵĶϣҲӰǸ·ҶС˵
˶˵ͷȻɢķȥԼһӵʱ䣬˿һƷһСʻʻ޲ãܰ˱Ƕ
ƯĻ䡣ľܿ̾һǹܰ㣬ľܿܶ˶סһڡ
ҪţǹζжҶСĿɫâųһ˵
ҶСĻ˸Ͻס˺ǳˣѾ壬ȫ˽ӲԵһת˶٣˵ӣҶСһɭлֲԲעŵˡ
ڵĲѾȫˣһתŮڣڵĶء
ףûжҶСɻĿŷǧ
ûУ㿴ʻ档ŷǧѵ
ҶСĿȥɭɭһƬʼҶС绹Ϊʲô䣬ϸһȫǰ׹ǡ
ղǵӦþǴﴫģһ޵˼µĻӦʳ˻ŷǧ˵
Ļ䣬һһʻھſ˳ǿھΧǷޱȵļ̣ȻŽ˶ȥ
ʱҶСѾΪľܿϵĶƣ׼֣һȳˡ
ֵԲգлдһâõĴ֣
ֹâɣϵΰһһʳ˻ֶȥ
һХʳ˻ھд˲䣬ʳ˻Ǹֹһ̲ѪˮѪˮлжëƤ͹ͷӦǸղŽֻҰޡ
ҶС翴˿ԲաСϺ⣬˶жˣҪǰߵǣֶò˶þͻ
Լӵʱ䣬ǵŻָ
ģֲˣһ·ҪСһˡ֣ǱڵĶأµ˵һ˵Ļ¶Ѿʳ˻ʳ
ղǶ仨Ѿһ˿ǡҶС˵һȻŮ󣬼ȥҲһһ˺档
һķ˶һ·ϣ˺ƴһıӣȭͷСķ棬ľѡ
ãһ·оգ߳ƬԴΣȴ֡
˵ߣľ֦ҶԽԽ٣ǹͺͺɲڵһ㣬ϵ̲ݽϡ٣б˪֣Լʮӵʱ䣬ѾȫǱѩˣХѩ裬ͺľߴͦηϺ˪ڼˡ


1016 һۼ
ѩǣããһƬҰȴ˺ܶ࣬˵ٶȼӿ˼֣ΧÿͺľѾ˲Ӱ
ԽϣԽ䣬ӵңԼʮֵʱЩͺľѾȫʧˣǰһƬѩ磬ǿжɫķУưһڿС
ڸоѹֵˡеһƬѩĵضʱ֣Ǳ򳤳һһ·ı˶˲ĬĬվС
ҶСͷȥ죬ʲôѵѾһƬռ䣿ҶС
Ƭ̺˿ʼǰХߣ˶˻ҶСûŮ
ֻҫۣΪɫΪ⣬Ϊ֮ɫټ
ԲտҶСɫʱ΢΢ü·˼ʲô
ԽԽ󣬽أɫķʧˣȷʵˣλΪΣ˺üϵŤ·ĭһ㣬ʱҪ顣
һ·֪ܳ˶ãͻȻ䣬ǰɽֱˮƽ90ȣͺǰһ±ǽ
ڻԶҶСǰʵ
ȥˡ൭˵һ䣬ȷϸԼʦ
ҲȥҶС˵һ䣬һһŮһϷȥһӾʮɵľ룬ûдﵽ棬ѾˣѾɽ棬ڰգˣ޷ֱűǽֻóңе鲽һ̤һͺǰиε̨ףٴΰθߣ˰ɵľ룬̤ɽ
ҶС̤һʱһ󾪺û뵽ҶС羹Ȼֱ̫ˡ
˶ɽϣǰһĻɽޱȣ֪󣬻ɽ壬ɽɽ壬ֱδš
ҵ죬ûпɣɽϾȻô󡣡֣ǱԼ۾˵һŵӡ
ʲôϡģ϶ߣôһɽ壬ҲסҶС絭һЦ˵
߰ɣ˵һ䣬Ȼǰжȥ˸ѾܵһɹǿƣǹƼһֱ山
һѩأܱɽƣɽıϢ֮ѩϣһѶһشӰۼһ໥̸ۣ໥ʶŶԷ
ͻȻ䣬涼ԼͬҶСڵķȥ
ǴҶСһȺ˵ĶиоǿϢҪȻǲŲȥע
ӰҶСһû뵽ȻôˣƬѩϵϰˣⶼǻһľӢδϣ
ЩΪ͵Ķ죬֮˵ҶСΪЩĩβġ
ҶСϸĸһ£ϰһУΪﵽؾľжʮˣ°һ١
ôĸ֣֣ǱҶѰΪ΢һѹ޴аģһҪŬһɵ֣Ǳһ̶ûյĴ¶һ˿Ŀɬһ˿ļᶨ
ΪԼΪԵˣǣôĸֺһɽȸУǸԸײ²˭롣
һȥһҪú֣ǱаᵽԼүүĿ⣬һֺɸֵΡ
ʱһɽϣʮ߻绪ŮվϣǵϢϿʥǿˣűѩеһĿο
һĸȫѾ˰ɣһ˵
Ѿȫˣû뵽һĸֻô࣬ʱ򣬿ûôΪһ߸̾һ
콾ҲԤʾ٣һħ־Ҳ֪һУ˭ܹﵽǸ硣
Ѿˣɣ˻ġ
ϹصǺܿ
Ҳ뿴ԼҵﵽǸ硣
ѾȫˣҪȸ˵һĹ򣿡һ˵
Ȳھỹʱ䣬໥֮˽˽⣬Ƕһٮٮߣ໥֮˭˭Լ档һдЦ˵
Ҳãǳûúù۲۲ǡһ˵
ףôһ쾳СˣһСŮ޵ΪأôеŷˣιŷϹǲǼ𣿿ߵСͦܵģôֻ۷壿
ŷϹǼʲôʱôˣ
ߣŷ飬Լᴦģǲġһһû˵ʲô
ʹŷ飬Ϲ֣һǽȥɣ˵һȺеͦߵġ
ŷ廹ڵҳֵֵز
ҲһǸСصı˭Ҫֻ۷壬ʵжֲ˭Ҳ֪
ҪкϷˣ


1017 
ɽޱߣСͱɽϣܹ죬Хһɽƽޱȣûһ˿磬Եͣıеһж⡣
ѩأһۣÿ˶׿׿ʹܳΪӹŽҲΪһʦ
ҶСĿɨ˿أﶼһĸ֣ȴ֪٣ʶչչ鿴һ£Ա߻һأﶼһĸ֣Ϊػ߰ʥ
żҵǸ˺ȻҲУԷĿȻǲŹԷ֣п϶Էս
ô⼸컹Ҫעһ¡
ǼλѵһԼžأһ𣬴ҶС˼
Ѱȥֻһɫ۵ӿˣϹŵЦ⣬һӵӣǸղŵһ仰ͽԸ¶ţſ񡢲һʮ㡣
ҶС߿һϤˣżҵ񣬶ûмΪѾسڡȻվߣôһżһһԶˣܹ
ôǶû˽ԼѵΪ͵ûˣԶĿһɨ˵Ŀͣڶϡ
Χ˷׷һָָ㣬ҶСûдƾ֣лжСϻԲպжš
磬ôǱǹ͵ĶŷǧֱߵĶС㣬СҶС紫оǲ
ҾǸǱǹ͵Ķ㿴ڿ׼ʲôĿҶСͬ
ҶСĻСͷ룬ȷʵˣĵЦ
ñ˽ԼʱȽһԼе˵ʶǶԷ໥ܣһῴһ˿
еĻԶһ⣬ЦȻ䣬һЦ˵ȻǶһԼ໥Ϥһ¡
仰˵꣬ǰ߳һһ˶ضݺݵĲһ£һƿ£ɧɢƽɽȾ硣
żԶƴӷдһ㣬һ־ѹΧЩѾȫ˿ˣΧʮ׵ķΧûһӰ
¶ǰ߳һһӳԶǰʮ֮֮һɰԾµĽӿҰȲƥУ¼ҶС
Χĺܶ˶Ͻˣ±ǹɰԵĽ˺ˣʲô˶һƬѩ֮˳
ӷƶɮԲաԲյ˵һһһǰȥͶվһϣϽӲӣ䣬һׯϵķȫһɴȱ֮һɲƣ˲¡
¼ҳ׷顣
һֲ۵ӣһ߳Ƭѩ֮أȣľӨȻ˶ƿ˴дľŵɽеǹϢ
ϹϹҡϹɫۣһҪپһеϢɢѩضڸǲסǹȵĸо
ҶҶ޻
ƽƽûӢףҲûлķװһɲһеϢɢŨصѪȣܶ˶Ӱ졣
żѩ
ѩΪжżķ֮Уѩͬ񣬱֮ŲѩҪ䣬ߵƬѩ֮ʱһɺܹƿĽɢǹɽеоġ
ҺһļΪ׳лҪ࣬Ҫߴڳɽǹܹһеֱ
ҶСе⣬û뵽ѩ˪ôƯŮӣôһ硣
֣֣Ʈ˲֪ĸϴģһӰͻأƬѩ֮أϿҪΧЩ˲ƴɢ
ŷŷġ
ŷŷ컪
ŷֵͬʱ߳Ӵܹ˺ѳգΨһһܹվ˵ļ塣
ɽ
ʹۣȹϵأһϮɫɴ棬׷ɣѣܰһ黨鶯ӣŲ飬һ͵ĸо·ΧЩ˵ƸͶ첻ʲôӰ졣
䵱ġ
һ˪ʲΧռΪһ壬·죬һƬѩأһȻ໥гȻ֮ɢôһֺĸо
ɽ塣
һ꣬һңɵĸоһķâΡ
̡
һȹ˳ȾһϮɴף֣бһ٣ߣִ
ɡ
װһ֪ǲԭϵˣһֱ֮ա
Į䳤ա
ɽȡ
˶һЩɢϹ̳ͽܣǵΪѾﵽأɢƺ˲¡
߳ȥ󣬹˺þûҲ˹ȥǣϵ΢һ㡣
һĶȻҶСϣҲܹһ


1018 
߽ǸȦеˣһʮˣʮ˶ʮȵƣһɹֱ໥֮䣬˭Ҳ˭Ҫӱ
ӿһɣֲףƬռ䶼ڲ
㲻ȥϿҶСһʵ
ûǸȤΪ˱Ƚϵ͵ͷ¾ͽЩɧɣҶС絭һЦ˵
㻹رǿҶ̲סȥǱһһ˫Ŀ¶ɫʡ
㲻ѧңũĶӣڳбԵɽЩˡҶС翴һ˵
װߡ˵һ䡣
ҶСʵ˶֪ǰʵܹڰʥǿߵвڵʲôǶ֪Կ϶ǶҶСĶ֡
Ҫ͵ƣ𣿡ҶСգһ۾˵ȻŤͷΧһȦĶʮˡ
ۡͻȻ䣬ӰһѪ˳ȥݺݵѩɫ԰ֽ
Ǹղ߹ȥˣ˵Ϣȷʵһ㡣
ѩУкüؾĸ֣ǶûиȥΪԼʵ
˭վԶ˵쳹ء
ҶСͲȫû
ѵΪԼʵվû߹ȥԶĿͶϡ
磬ÿ˵ʵ໥֮䶼ܹ쵽ܶ˶ܹ쵽ʵȻܹվΪúܶ˲⡣
ǲվǸ˶ûվȥĻе֮ˡϵ˵ɲƳҶСһۡ
ҶСƲѣŵ͵ˡû뵽ϾȻ˵һ뻰ѵǸɧŮǷݱ䶼ǿαװģ
ϵĻ˶е𾪣û뵽Ȼûȥ໥֮俴˿ڲǸ˭
ԶĿ磬ɨƬѩеˣǶûзʲô֡
Ǹ˭Զʵ
û˵һʮƽӡ
Щֻ֣Ǳ֪Ǹ˾ҶС磬ͬҶС˦һƵŷĺƵſڵЩ˶ţǸû뵽ҶС磬ΪҶСΪֻ۷塣
˼Ȼô͵Ǻǡɽϣһ߿ĿͶҶС磬ǹǸ֯ˣҶСĵϸȻ˽⣬кڴҶСչֳԼΪʱ˻ʲôı顣
ﲻ֪˵˭ڳǶûп˭վ
һһ˭Ҳܴӱ֮ϣϵϢת۾ͻָƽ
ҶС磬Ϊͦǿôȥվʱһ̵ѩС
˵żҵһĿҶС硣
е˶ĿͶҶС磬վһһ֣ƳҶСһۣصԼλãΪ۷ҶСĸͲǵۡ
аһΪǿĻҪղЩںεأҶС絭һЦ˵
㡭ɫһ䣬˵˻ҶСǾ仰ǽƣҶСһ˵˼˵ҶС͸ղЩĸһΡ
һԶû˵ǰһ˵ҶС磬Ҳٺұһ
ҶС׼˵ʱ֣ǱһļǸ˵С磬Ҹҹȥȹȥˣʵ
ҲҪȥҶѰ˵
ҶС˵ͷ֣ǱҶѰԼλȥ
ôˣҶСûзӦۿҶС˵Ҫһս֮Ϊʮ㣬ͲΪ۷ҶС硣
вΪʲôҪԣҶСһۡ
㡭ߣһ⣬ʲô־ͺұһ
֪ΪһеʱҴ㣬Ļٴαһα𣬲ҽû飬ҪԣҶС絭˵
ߣʱҵΪӡˣҪȻܴңΪµһ־ͻ̭ǻھͱ԰ɣ
λСֵܣͺһΰɣģڣԲ˼ġ˵ǳ¼ҵĳ׷顣
ǸʵĻȱҲ޷׵նͷϹ˵
·ǳ׷ϹҵĻĪĹǰһһȵɢƺ¡һеӣĿ磬˵Ҳһս
ҲΪвι͵С󡣡ҶС絭˵һ䣬ȷʵѵһ񣬵ǣ˼սͶսＫΪˬǸƾڲһ㡣
㡭㲻սҪս˫ĿɱȻ׼֡
ΪеС󣬾ܶ֡ҶС絭˵һ䡣
׼ȥķתһ룬ȷʵǸܳΪеС


1019 ͵ߵ
ߣϣܹǸʱΪμỹǱɱĿҶС˵
ĻΧܶ˶¶һĨʧⲢΪûбԶʧΪһĸֱ˼˵ľ͸ıע⡣
߾Ӧ־ᶨΪԻһΪע϶ȡʲôɾ͡
ģһúúõģҾԱóáҶСƽ˵
ͷʱһһСıɱˣλɫŮûչˣģʱһչ˸һĿͶľܿŷǧ¶һ˿֮ɫ
⻰ҶСĹâųһһĳٶȼ죬̺ΪֲҶС粻սǲ뱻˵͵ĶС󣬸ղѾӦʱԣⳡԼѾȡˣ֡
ԼŮˣýԳ֡
ءûзӦͱҶСķ˳ȥݺݵ˱ϣһѪޱȣʢĶ÷
˶Щ𾪣û뵽ҶС˵־ͳ֣ٶȼ죬һأЩһʱ䶼ûзӦǿҶСĿЩͬˣͲһ۷ǿܹġ
Զһߵǰһ룬ΪһڵƣĿùâųƷĳҶС磬һӴƷʵżҵˣ
ѾˡҶСƽ˵ƺͷĿһƵӣͲԶ
ЩֶĿҶС磬ֻ۷ΪҶС羹ȻܹԶɫ˿䣬ҶСܲ򵥣ҺͶԷа塣
ܺãҳС㣬ʲôˣֻҪżҵˣһ۵ģԶ˵ĿɱȻ
㣿㻹СҶСҡҡͷƤһŲࡣ
⻰ɵˣˣſûмôſģһСﲻ΢еʵһĴ˶ѣھԲѵ˵ԶĶ֣ҪŲ
治ͷŲʲôˣǿһĵһһжɧӾףǿûߣڻûнʥĻעǰʥ޵еĴڡ
ߣ˵Լ͵ڿѾߵĲˡֹһ
ƾҲ˵ĻҲò˵ɼΣΪ仰ֻҪܹһƣһԶЦһϷŰĿҶС硣
˵󣬻ɢһɫâŷһݺݰ£һƬɫâʵʣһ㣬ռûн£ǹƾͿֲޱȣƬɫʵʹâ֮£ѩ𣬿Ű
ܶԷжôӴҶСȻһɽǰȡ
ҶСĿһ裬һգһ⽣ƾճС
ơҶСһֱֱֳֽ˽µһƬɫâ
У·ѾҶС类ҳһ̲⽴ӣһЩв̣Щг˷ܡ
۵ĺҶСеĹ⽣ϱųǿޱȣƾκˡ
䡣һ죬ҶСĽһӴԶɫâֱʣƬռ䶼Ϊ֮һһĻһԤУһɲŵԤС
ɢ֮󣬹ȻҶС羲վԭأͷ·ԭûһ˿ı仯ߵλŮûյһ˿˺
˾ˣû뵽ҶС羹ȻôǿһԶĹʵ̫˼ˡ
һʮλֿҶСĿⶼЩͬˣоҪҶС翴ͨ͸ôȥҶС绹۷塣
û뵽ʵôǿѹָ˵Ļϣʱܹߵ󡣡Զ˵ʱҶСʵһµۣղǵʮɵȻҶСˣ˵Էս죬ΪҶС粻Ķ֣һʵܹӳʮɣһиּɵȵȣһǸﲻġ
ҲҲһСҶС絭˵ĿͻȻһ䣬ưҹеǳ財䣬й⽣ӶǧӰ˲γɣӰһء
ҶСг̳ȻΪȴޱȣǿ쵽˼µı֣˵۾ƭԼ
ҶСеĹ⽣ԶǰʱƬռؽӰͻȻҶСеĽں϶ȥ
һӰҶСеĳʱҶСеĳų˱̫Ҫҫ۵Ĺâ
̺ܹܹأռ䲻ϵŤͬᣲ紵һ㡣
һԶɫһ䣬óȫһȭһɫųצ
䡣ΧıɽڲʱҪһ㣬ֲĴϸϽŮԷ


1020 
ȥ֮ʱ˵Ӱ¶˳ĿҶСվλûб䣬ԶȴһС벽
զ£ʲôѵҶСΪԶҪǿôأܶ˶Լġ
һЩ֣ҶСֵһ˲䣬ˣȵǿƣһ֪Ǹ֣ٶǺͬһĸ֡
˿ҶС۹ⶼе㲻ͬˡ
ղ˵Ǹ˾ˣѹĿôȷʵеʵʱٱԡԶ˫ĿоҶС˵
ҵĿ󣬶ʵҶС絭˵Ȼתߵԡ
лҶС˵һ
лǶǹ֯ˡƽ˵
㲻˵Ҫ͵ô㶼ǵ͵ˣߵûˡһ˵
Ͳˣиõ͵ʱ͵øߵʱߵ㲻׵ġҶСҡҡͷ˵
ǸֱҶС籩һ٣ǿǵԼûǸʵֻ÷
ҶС˵ʱԶ񽻴һҪȥҶС磬ϽͷӦղҶСʵѾʶˣȥǵĻǾ
ʱһɿֲѩأʥǿߵƣɣ𣬡ǶӦѾ໥Ϥˣܵıɽǰ˿ıǿֱӽȥϢȻҲԼȥ䣬Ϣ죬ʽʼصڱǱб̨
֮
׼Լ䶴Ѩסǰ˵ģҶСŤͷʵ
Լ䡣˵ܻڼǺ޸ղҶС˵Ļ
ҲԼ䣬ߣȥɽǱߵɽƿȽ϶͡ҶСָŶߵһɽ˵ȻŮɱ˹ȥ
ϺʦͨҲ򶫱߷ȥ
磬Ҳȥ档С㿴ҶСŶߵıɽɱȥ¶֮ɫŶС
ãһȽ۰µ˵ͷ¶һ˿谮֮ɫȻŶСŶߵıɽȥ
޶ż̻ԲպУǴԼ¶˶棬ıɽֲ˸ˡ
ҶС籼е˱ɽɽϵλãһʾʮȵͱڣͣ
ǧչһ㣬ҸǿһϢĵطҶСŤͷŷǧ˵
ŷǧ˵ͷŮ֣һԽá
ҶС΢۲һµΣһܼ̣йâһһ⵶У⵶Ӷʼˡ
ҶС翪䶴ѨʱϺҶС總ǿĵطҶСֻԶ
ҶСһߡ
Ҳ֪⻹⣬ɽɵסҶСλãԲպȴ档
ҶСЩ˷Χˡ
ûйãҶСͿˣͱһֻĸƽ׵ĳŻ׺ʮƽҵĿռ䣬ı鲢ûһ㹻һ˯ıиΧüѱΣЩҶС綯츳ƳɵģֻҪһγɣʣЩȫѹݵĵ˷ʹݱøΪ̡
ҶС߳ʱǻڷš
СˣѾ𣿡ľܿһЦʵ
ĲѾ࣬ǽ뿴ȱʲôһҽٸȸšҶСЦЦ˵
ǧǽ뿴ľܿ˵һ䣬˱˽룬ҶСй⵶һᣬһȺԼʮ׵ıžѾˣŻϰãݾγɡ
磬ѾˣҶСҪȥʱС˹ʵ
ţѾˣԽ뿴λ档ҶСǺһЦ˵
ҽˡС㽫Ŵ򿪣Ȼ˽ȥ
ۣ磬㿪ÿҸǿˡ󣬶С̾һ˵
λ㣬ҿסҸ翪ѿˡ
ȻԣСɰľܿ
С˹˵ߣҾͲôͿˣҽ뿴
˵Ҳ˽룬һĸŮӾȻͶˣʱϿŻơ
ԼӺڸ㶨ˣһҿ˿Ȼй⵶ٴ֣ɾӡ
ʱĵ˵ͷ
ҶСǱߴƱ˹ȥϲſ׵ĳʱЦЦôˣſô࣬㲻ÿˣֱס
ͣɻĿҶС硣
ķ乻ҿڿһ䣬¥е׷һҶС˵
лϺƽĵһлȻ˳ҶС翪ıȥ
ߵҶС翪ڵıſڣһȱʱ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ҶС羹ȻֶΡ
ϣչһǣȥҵҰ޵ëƤҶС˵ϵ˵ͷ󣬾ɽ±жȥ


1021 һס
ãɽޱ޼ʣ಻֪˻γռ侪Σ쾳һ¾һӾͻᱻ˺ѳޣĻУȴһȺ׵ľޣеԳξ޴ÿһֻףԶԶȥеСͱɽ
Գһ㣬Ҳֲ֮һ¶ûУǵ԰ڡ
ЩҶСɽĹзֵģȻΪżɽҲûж࿴
ҶСֻԳǰʱֻԳﶢҶСǵ⡣
𡭡ƸоҶС͸¶ŨŨɱ⣬ֻԳһվ߰׸ߣֱƶıɽһɿ񱩵Ϣɢ̺һɷħԣħΧӿ񱩣ռ˻
ǵ˫ĿͨޱȣٴκһҶС˹ʵ֮һצҶС˹
ЩԳϵϢܺĸӴͣʵļ⣬ܹصĸԿ
ǵĹҶСгһ⵶⵶˺ѳգն磬ֻԳг˿־ϢǿдҶСϮצҲϽջء
ǳˣ⵶ͬ׺գҶС׵ķΧûһ˿硣
̵ۡѪʺɢ
ǵѪҺ̺ǿҼΪ֮ĪĺôʳѪƺе̣ľܿŷǧԸǲȵġ
𡭡ֻԳǰצҶСնǷŭ־ĺţƺټͬ飬ͬʱɽ롣
ӣӵ𣿡ҶС˵˫ĿɫâųƬռе绯Ϊһ޴ޱȵĵС
ಡһ޴дռ䣬ֻԳԴͱҶСնѪȪһӿ۳һɫϪɽʶȥѪѩиΪۡ
ֻȻأҶСеĹ⵶һƬռ֮ȫǵӰӰ㣬͸żΪϢ
һž޴İ޵ƤͱҶСһ˿Ѫ
ҶСһˮγɣϴƤҶСɣƤһ˿ζûУɸɾѩһ㾧Өϸ塣
һкҶС緵أڱſʱܵϢɢİŮӵ˵
ɻҶСƿ˽ȥǰһĻҶСסˡ
ֻıڣݺݺ࣬ŮȺͬ칬֮Ůľܿ㡢ŷǧСʦ⣬ˣ̡
һϮŵȹīе֣ɣƮλãɴ棬˲һ֮С
ǾǴӣһֲµĸо
СˣˣղȥĶˣľܿе
ղȥƤƤ̾Ŵ󴲣㹻ˡҶСЦЦ˵˿һŴ󴲣ָ絶ƤĲһš
ҰƤϡҶС罫Ƥӵһߣ˹ȥ˵
ʱҶС翪űϣһë̺ŷǧġ
ǲϣ㲻ҪҶС˹ʱϼװܰ˵һ˫Ŀ̺ˮ峺ףܹӰӰϵǹϢԣ˳
ŶǿͣǺǡҶС絭һЦ˵˶ѾվŲüõƤ˱ϡ
ˣǿˡҶС˵
磬ҿɲ˯¶С˴ϣһ֮ɫĿҶС硣
ȻԡҶСǺһЦ˵ȻĿͶϺ࣬ģھΪǿһݡ
ҶС˵ߵߵıǽϣĿɫâųһ֣
ƽĲǽϣγһһ˶ߵͨҶС˽룬ûüӾ˳
ѾˣǱƤԼһ´СҶСϺ˵
лϵ˵ͷȻ˸ղҶСüʣƤ˽ȥ
ҶӾȻһ츳ߣصʱ̿˵飬˵˸о˵
С˵ЦˣΪҲͬɲ⣬ԺͲҪҶˣģͽСɣҶС΢΢һЦ˵Ůȷʵֲ̺ܿǿҶС綼ľѡ
С硭ôоôƺƺԹԵģֻк׽˲ôƺ㡣һ˫鶯ĴУһ˿Ц⡣
ҵֱûа취
ܷ鷳ҲΪɵӿһң˵
û⣬
ɣסһֵġ̵һЦƶ˵֡
õģҲҪҶСӦоĿ⣬ҶСʵ
һΪСѾҡ˵˵Թ
ҶСֱ̾һŮЩŮ˵ĻȻ棬¶Ϊ˲鿴Լĵϸ
ôأҶС絭һЦȻߵͨһǽ츳һͨȻͨΪڣٴοҡ
ѾסˣҶСֻΪԼ¿һ


1022 ҶС
Ѿˣǲ±˵лĻסȥܿɵ˶ס£ǱƤһšҶС˳Ů˵
лͬ˵
Χâҫϻɣ˱ݣһܡ
ٻӵⷽɻҶСɻӣ͵
һɽ˽Ƕŵȹʿ飬ͬ뷲Ů
֮˵ʸͻǸ߰ࡢ˼ϸ壬ȻദȻȴҶСмַΪ͸ǵԵʰɣ
ٴθлһҶС磬˸ѡһ䣬Լɵĵ˽ȥ
СˣôغɽɵߺľܿҶС첲Ƥ̳ɵıϣϴһĨЦʵ
ǣ͸˲׽ʱߡһָ߲ʵӣʱĶˣ񡣡ҶСĿһ˿룬һ˿ǶŮӵķˣʲô
ʲôܰյĺ󹬡ľܿһЦ˵Ȼŷǧһۡ
ЦˣҸǲʺϣ˵ˣŮԼŮ˵飿ҶСҡҡͷһЦ
ûʲôʣΪղסžòʣ˵ĶҾܹ󹬣㼫Ϊһ֣һڻ赸ǶôҸһ飬һ棬˶ɽһĵһˣпԺɽصǵͻӺܶ࣬Ƶ˵һͷ˲һͷôľܿʵ
鲻ŷǧǻ۵ĹâҶС絭һЦ
ŵ𣿾ȻԼȥҵôôأҶС̾װһĵӡ
Դ˺ܶŮ˿ʼıͿʼˣʹಢſ֡ľܿһЦ˵
Ժ˵ȽҪҶС翴˵
磬λͦõģǸ㵱ţСϲҪСҲ޸磬̫үү۰Сˣû˸۸ˡ¶Сգ鶯ʮĴ۾˵
㣿㵱ûࡣҶСԴ˵
ǣ磬С޸㡣Сߺͷ½ǡ
СӶʲôˣ㳤Ժ˵ҶСǺһЦ˵߰ɣҾ͵ɣȥҸղſǸҡ
Ů˵ͷһҶС¿ıȥߺһűʧˣƴûгֹһ㣬ȻҶС綯츳ñʧġ
ߵͶǺģҶСһ˺ɽɵ˶סһңѾֶߣܶһҶСͺ޺޵ֱҧ
ԭأΪǸֻҶСһˡ
ܶ˾ͿʼԹԼôûǸأȻܹλͬһңֱĶˡ
ȻҲҶС粻١ܡȵȡ
˵Ϊټ̸Ů˽飬ǣֲֵĺУƺ쳾徻ж޷նοˡ
ѪնԼеŮŮﻳԼеİӣ˭Ҳ޷ֹġ
λŮǺܶеŮ񣬾ûмòƾϵʾԣԼеŮ˺ͱסһôܲŭ
磬ǸһﾹȻλӹһʵ̫ɺˣҪҪɿ˹ȥѵһ١¼ڵıڣһ¼ӵܶԳ׷˵
ãʵɲ⣬ûбҪǰϦ£סһסһʲô˵Ը˵ǲ׶кøеģȥҲ뿴ҶСĵϸһĽʮַ˭õһһıԾԺܼңڴ׷鵭˵Ŀž⡣
һУЩĸֶû߳ңǶھޣԼΪеʱﵽ۷״̬
ﵽ磬Ϊ£ÿ˶ԼĵƣȥЩÿһÿһпӰԵĽûܲ档
һ쿪ҺҶС羲ţлԼѧУƷȭȷָȵȣؼе似಻ʤҲһѧΪӡ
ͨεսҲ⣬һҪǽԼѧһھһ¯Ȼڻͨȵе似ܹʹʱһͽˣǸʱʶҲһΡ
һ󣬱ǵڶˣǾǴȡڶѧԼѧܣʱ򣬾һʦһɲٻ£Ҫߵ·Զ


1023 Ὺʼ
ʱһζҶС˵ڶʱȥ͸͸ʱ䶼ھޣһɧҲһڱڸûг
Ὺʼ糿ҶС˫ĿɫâųڶһϼһվŤͷһ
һŷǧľܿ㻹й¶СҲȶǱѩأȴΪŨ񣬱ȷĴǿˡ
ǿҶСģҲ״̬
ʱһϵˣ̨ϣ֮ûеߣϢʸ񡣡
ʱֲϢǶѾӾ״̬˹
ͬʱ˫Ŀ
һ߰ɣҶС翴˵һЦ˵
ʱ죬ûôоһʱ͹ȥˡľܿ̾һ˵
ľ㣬Ͳ죬ڼʱ򣬳һ۾ǼˡС˵
ҵˣֻһˣȻоʱÿˡľܿ˵
һ˵һ߳˱ңߵ˴ʱɽɵ˻ϡ࣬ѾӲ˳ȴҶС硣
ҶС˳ű߷ɱȥվڰɽȥֻһӰٷɱ֯һõ
˾סرĹ⣬һȻıȣܲһѰѱΣһһģǴĿ̨ޱȵɽڣ޴Բ̨𣬽ɽȶˣԲ̨÷ŲһСԲ̨Բ̨Բ̨ĸ߶ȸ߳ʮɣɽߵıɽƽСԲ̨ΧԲ̨ΧЩǸġ
ûӵʱ䣬ҶС˾Ѿɽȣ˷׷ɽ˵ıϣҶСһľܿ㡢ŷǧϵˣһŶС¼ˣɽɵҶСֵһߡ
ɽΧıһһѵţֳ
ҶСʶչ鿴һ£Ѿٶˣʥ־ȻʮҶС֪ЩֻǻĸڵһССѣǴǧ꣬˭֪˶ٸ֡
ղǵϵӵʱ䣬ɽԲ̨ϣȻʮӰʮΧһһ㣬ģģģͿòܶһ۾Ϳ˳ⲢΧǿռŤĽ
ǶǸĴˣΪʥǵһһӰΧؿռ䡣
ǳԲ̨ϵʱʮѿΪıԲ̨ϣ档
һģģӰվȫɢ˶Ϊ֮ƣӿȣзʱ䣬ɽȶžûһ˿
ӭμӱᣬһˣΪϱ˵ǿףһֱ׿Խ˲ÿһӵнܹһǺˣΪңܹ̼ΪͬʱҲǲҵģһǿݣÿһ𶼻ŵʬλпܳΪǸȻҲпܳΪЩʬǣĲпᡣ
˵ЩֻһССĲңһֲӿ֣һ٣ݹʷÿһٶŵսңѪɱ¾ȷź֪ܹʣ¼ˣÿ˶ɧվڽӵĶˣҪӱ츳⣬Ҫڷܡᶨ־Ŀͨͱս˽Ĳ㣬һҳһһܹɧ
ȥЩ⣬һĿľصǰĸ֣ΪԽ߻õԴԽḻÿһˣܸԴΪͳһҪΪ壬𾪹ŽĴεǵһ㣬һǿʼ
仰µʱռƱãϼ׷ɣ
治ʥ仰˵̫ɿˣҶСи̾
Ҳǣʱÿ˵־ﵽߵ㣬ѪҺڷڣǰȫսȻ޲һ·߸裬ǰնһ谭ΪһĵһˣΪ콾䡣
ҺҶСĹֻͬҪһޣͻԶգȻʱûгǸޣҶСŲ뱻ЩɿĻɿѪڣƽΪҪתеգ˹žƽͬ档
ȵרΪῪʼƵ۲ûг೤ʱ䣬ռָԭʱʥٴοڵһһһҳһ֣ὫһöƬͶգԼȥᣬнƬ˽һ֣ûнƬ̭ÿһֻһöΪ˳ᣬΥ̭֡


1024 пľ
ʥǿߵĻһе˶רעƣǸ˽ƬͶգ·ֻҪһͶգǵ˲
ڣһ̭ʥǿ߹ͣһ£Ȼˣʼ
ڿʼ˵ȥʱƬԲ̨Ͽգ߻˻ķɶ꣬龰Ϊ׳ۡ
ҶСҲ⣬˵ʱѾʧԼλϣûһʱ䣬³֣жһöڲĽƣ滹һ79
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޴Բ̨ϣڶֻսһǶΪƣһĸָոõһƣͱذΧΪ˲ˣֻֽ˳ȥȻвʣǣȵĹˣȻ˸ղһö¼뵽˱սС
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֮ɫʵĹâɨҽſЦȵȣ˿˾ļҡ
ССıԾôңֱ콾ӿ֣ٺ󣬻֪жôҡ
ս˽ԼĪСʱʱ䣬ѩ׿Բ̨˵Ѫʮ׻˹ȥˣǰһѾѡ˳
ЩԲ̨ҶСһȣղŵһս۳ɵԲ̨ϾȻ˿ۼûС
һֽ׼ڶ֣еĽ붼֣120һ飬2140һ飬ԴƷΪ飬ÿһһ̨һֵḼ́ÿһеһֺһֽȱȻǳеڶֺ͵ڶֽƵ˱ԣԴƣԼԼǵڼ˵ˣ̭̭˶һսЩ֮˵Ļᣬսɹô̭˽Ṋֱ̀ûսĻᣬǸ˵Բ̨Ҳ䣬ʮӵϢʱ䣬ʮӺʼ
ʥ쳹ɽȣ˿Բ̨Ե˴һӣЩȫʧŲƵһû˾ۼıϡ
ͬһʱ䣬Բ̨ϳ룬120һ̨
ô˻ᣬովһսĸֶŬĻָҪȻϳսʱҪԿˡ
˽ߵЩԲѻ߰Щ֮ǰ棬Լ˴ˡ
ʮӵʱѵʼÿһһӵʱܵֱ̭
ʥǿߵʮӰԷɵԼڵ
һֱһĶֳˣǱԭİɺͻɽ塣
һĶֶĿͶˣ׼˽һǵս
ֻϧͿʲôһϳһӰɳ㽫Էҷ˳ȥˣʵ̫󣬸ûһ㿴ͷҲһһƵУָֵ·ǧٿףѪֱҪƤ˶ѣֱ뿪Բ̨
Բֵ̨һֵսһսĶһ۷ĸ֣ԷΪΪս쳣ңΪ˵࣬ʧģಢûжȫʮйΪϵѹԵĽնԲ̨
̨ѾˣҶСڵĺԲ̨֣һظֺϹһִ򶷵ĺܻȣ˵Ϊ࣬ս޼ƾУ򶷵˶Լǿ־ǿš
ҶСƳһ۾ûٿĿͶ̨һҶѰ䵱һֱԣԷΪѾﵽ졣
һʼҶѰûжҶҵľСɵǻûһڳͶԷζ䵱֣ŲǲаƷһΪһַأؼ汸ؼӰء
ûĳҶѰߣǶȵ꣬ÿһƷ֮
䵱ֲûнƷ͸òȻػȻɣûʲôѰԾԵΪȡʤ
ҶѰͶԷսҵʱĺ̨սĻ֣ҵȡʤ˶ѾսĵزԡѪ֣ҵƾżǿվʤˣʤ
˱̧ĺ̨ʱһΪȲķɱԲ̨ϡ
ԼĶ֣ҶС絭һЦǺɣһս˺ìļŷˡ
ҶСһѳһӰ˲վԲ̨ϣЩӰƻǰУպҶСغϡ
һֵͬʱǶĿͶҶС硣
ҶСΪô۷壬е˻һҶС֮ܺԶս붼ΪʥĳָҪȻҶС۷ΪôܺԶභ


1025 Ϊ
ĺ̨ϣҶС絭ȻȻֳ۷Ϊһһ˵ĿҶСϡ
ΪģΪҶСܹؾΪԶ໥⡣
Ƕ֪ҶС羿ӵȾ֮ڷӡһֵԶսʱչ¶һֵ
ЩʥȴнӡںڵķǲôΪôƺӵܵķչʥֵжôôӴ󡣷ӡڣʹó󣬿϶޷ֲĴˡԺΪľ
Ŀ絶ҪҶС翴ͨ͸ҶСԶսʱԼʵʵǷӡⳡսоܹһ
ĺ̨˵Ŀ⣬ЩĿѾʵʣ޴ѹ֣ҶСŷλؾĸ֣ܲסǿĿųѹ嶼ڷͷ亹ֱ
Ϊڸеѹȳ֣Ȼһ̤Բ̨Բ̨˶ڵһҶС磬׹⣬һȭҶСԴռȭΧŹɹɷ籩ƺˡ
һ־ɱУ뾡ս
ҶС΢΢ҡҡͷ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫսܹӣ㻹ֵʵ׼һлԷǴɡ
趯Ӱأ̤ޱµĲͥ紵Ʒ仯ˣʱԵޱȣҪһУһУʱһĸоʱ쵽˼£˿ô趯ģ˼ޣǵӰеͷ
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˲һ𣬵ȻҶС粢ûжȫĥԼѧƷ׼Ʒﵽڻͨĵز
ȵǸʱһƷеʽԺһƷеʽνӶ֮УҲ˵еƷѾˣƾҶСôʹ
ҿڶ붼ӵʥǿߵķӡҪȻһжǸ˽ˡ
ǣӦòΪ
һ˿˿ʥǿߵҪȻôҺŷӲӲ
κεΪڸǲסģվ¶˳ߡ
׵Ϊѵû˹ܣ
ʲôҲ˼ҵı£бҲʥǿ߸һûǸ˻Իٸ顣
ΪһԼ˭Ըȥɵϡ
ҶСŷ˲һ۷׷ףһűӣ˷ܣֻȵȸӵ
ҶСλƫһ־ۼأԶҶСԲ̨ϵս΢΢üͷƺеɻ
Զսʱûие˳ĸоԶߵĳ׷鶢Բ̨ϵҶСʵ
ҵʱûע⡣Զҡҡͷ˵ûʲôϵɣʵʥΪ赲סҵĽŲ
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ã˵ĺãʲôֻҪ̤ڽ£Ϊǵĵʯ
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һǵģȻսã治֪ôáϵ࿴ҶС绹ںͶԷζ˱˵
ܾνĵ͵ϵ˵Ŀȴмֲ⡣
ҶСʵģŷǸ˾ԲҶСһ֮УҶСƫƫսôãЩѽ⡣
Щû۹⣬ʵʵȴӲҪ˵ʥָ̫ḻˡƺеߵ˵Ը񲻷
ĻĹâǲû۹⣬ǲţ㲻֪ʵΪܹƾ۷ΪԿԶ𣿲ŰɣЩ֪ǾʵʵԸȥš
ã϶˵ʦãˡ
ұˣˣüͷʵ
ˣǲǶ
ôأ˭ῴǸ쵰ҧ˵һ뵽ԼĳǶҶСˣк޺޲ѣЩ
Լʦõӣ΢΢һ̾û˵
˵ĺ̨ϵҶСԷѾԼˣ˼֡
ءһŷ߾ͱҶСһϣ嵹˳ȥԲ̨⣬ҶСʤ
߶һɵԼλá
ʤع飬ôҹƣҶСɵԼıǰ棬Χ˵
û˴ҶС磬װһʶӣһССظ֣ôʱ䣬˹ƣʵ
СˣΪơľܿһЦ飬֡
磬ҲΪƣ֪ġСҲС֡
Ǻǣ˾һսֵĲҶСЦЦ˵Լıϡ
⵽ǲʵʵ
˵أҶСŤͷ΢΢һЦ˵
Ҿⲻʵʵʵʵ൱ֲģұˣǻԵҲĺ̨ƮƮΧ裬һ۳ɵĵ·ı̵ֱֱԲ̨


1026 Լ
ɽϿյգһʻ۳ɵĵ·ӿ̨һ̵ֱĺԲ̨ͬһʴ
ŲȻ·ҡȹƮɣ˿Χ׷ɣȺƻӣҪƿշ
ߵԲ̨ϵʱһ·ʧҶСʵǸ㲻һѣΪʲôҪôѵĳЩչΪҶСһʣ۽ǵɨһ̡
ƽˮһ˫ɽ㣬ˮᣬжܹ֮
Ϊ͵͵ؿңͻȻ䣬̳ʵ裬̲סһ顣
ΪʲôҲңȻ˼ҷˣҶСתͷĿ˵
ҿ㣿̿аɻ
ǰ㲻ңô֪ҿ㡣ҶСһЦ¶һİ
ҶС⻰ŷǧľܿ㵭һЦһнҶС綼졣
һԵӶҶС磬룬ôôˡ
㻹ڲͬ
Ǻǣһ㣬ʵҸղ벻֪ƯƯ뽫ǵɴҶСЦݿ˵
ǵɴֻҪô£뿴ӵĻҿ԰㡣˵
ôң
û˷ӦĿͶ˱̨̾þòҶСûȤŤͷĺ̨ϵս
սǹ¶ҵһ֣¼Ϊ졣
Ϊ˲öԷʧ̫ܵѿ˼֣Ʈɣÿһ䶼裬λõĻȴɱ˵黨趯˵ĳ鶯оʱˣһΧΧƵ꣬һɣһޣ˹ȥ
ء¼صĸо޴Ŀѣ˵˳ȥԲ̨
ŻƮأͬʵ
һЩУĮ賤գѩкǶһƵأֵĽԼʱ䡣
ҶСʧʱ֣Ǳ̭ˣĶһ۷ǿߡ
ȻһֵıԼ໥ϵģԼ໥֮սֻԵıһ£ȻΪ͵Զ䡣
һֵıԽеһʱϳˣĶΪҲ߸ء
ƮλãƳ˷еӣɽȡ
սսΪ򵥣лһĶһʧ񣬶һһˣƾɣײ˳ȥ
̵ĹֶιȻ£ԻģΧĹֶҲһ츳֮ͬˣ츳ȴκεȻԣ֮е
̣ҶСǸǿĶ֣˵˼֡
ʵǿô⣬˷ʤ̤صλϺҶСŤͷ˵
˵ôǿͺˡ˵ͬһࡣ
ʵˣһĹھĪˡߵƽ˵
вڣܳΪһĹھοһС硣˵
ңǾͱˣֻǴɽģ۷ΪȲЩҪĿľǼ棬ԶǴҪġҶС΢΢һЦ˵
СĻǾӵˣԲǱô򵥣˵Ĺھϡ˵
ôңҶС˵
ҵ۹⡣
ʵҵľһΪһһˣ޵ͷأҸϲ㳤ʲôӡҶС綢˵
ǰ˲ɽһЦ˵
ɽֲɳԣ˵Ļٻ۸ҶС˵
ǵòǲʾ˵ģĳΪһһˣ㿴ҵòҲ޷ȻĿͶҶһ֣
ʲôңֻҪܹΪһһˣһҲԡ˵
ĻĻìܣղŻ˵һΪһĵһˣ˵ҳΪһˣҿǵòĻǷΪҿǵòҶС絭һЦ˵Լ۾ҶôģҪھҿһۡ
ҶСתͷ޼ɵĶŮ
ȷʵ㣬޳仯̫࣬˭Ҳұ֤ⷢ˵
ΪĿǵòƴˣֻ۷ΪҶСװһᶨ˵
ҶСλŮ֮һԼһԵľܿҶСһ
ĵҶСһۡ
սҶСûôעһֶһƵУиͿʲô˵սûʲô˼ҶСĿŸ似


1027 
һʱôȥ̨µս˿еƣΪ֪ʲôʱеֱҶСѾˡ
ȻѾ쾳磬ĵȫڵṩǲԷܸоܲȻ
ڱϣҶСŵڶֱԿ·ҶСĻĺ̨̨ԵĽһڽˡ
ҲֻʱԽˣΪЩսܵ˻һսĻᡣ
ʥǿ˵һ仰Ȼսʼ
̭ļʵ΢ˣ˵ȤҶСո׼״̬˵ս
˫ĿâųĺԲ̨һżĸְϣضҶС硣
ҶСһһıԣΪ֣ںѧ似һʵҲӳɶѣû뵽Щ˾ȻΪ۸ս
ս󣬲ûΧķԷǵĻҶС粢ûںΪòֵáԼΪôֻҪԼУȵյĽٿЩ˵
ҶС磬㲻ԣʹ䣬ǵΪҲʲô顣ҶС绹ڱϣżҵĸ֣һָҶСһµ̬
ԷǸǷӣҶСԼЬͳѾġ
磬һ̫ˣһһҪúþѵҶС绹û˵ߵĶС㶼ӶСȭ˵
һúýѵġҶС˵һһ˲Բ̨ϡ
ڸˣһΪڹŹֳ˵̨ϣܶ˶ЦǳЦ֮Բˣ֮вûһĶߺǶҶСʵܲȷֻǵĵĹ۲š
ɵơż֣ҶС֣ͰѶԷûзŲĻЩȤЬ䡣
˵ʲô˵һ䣿һѵһپˣ֪˲Ҫ̫ԴˣҸıעˣҪϵ㡣żŭĿ޲ýҶСʳˡ
Ǳ̭ĴƷѣȻҲҴʴʡҶСһۡ
ҶС⻰żɫǺ죬Ŀжȼ˷ŭĻ棬ȷʵǱ̭ˣһγ裬ҶСĶ̣ܲŭ
ϱŷǿƣȫɫâȫ¾ͺǸһӲס
һȻ̤أͬڵһ˹ͬʱһȭȭͷһâγ˼׶״ٶȼ죬ҪҶС˺Ѹ顣
ҶСһվһƵӣƶԷϵƺȭܸκѹ
ɵ˰ɣԭα¶ˡ
ȻֵͻƲˣ˾Ȼܽһ֣ݣȷʵͬеǰ㣬ڱֹ
˻μ᣿Ƕǻߵ
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ұ죬һȺżһԶʵȥЩ˵ĻˣЩΪ͵˲ףܲҶСǸӣа㱻ԷӣΪͲҪ̶ֳ֪ȣֱͿɽײˡ
ʱ̨ϼ˵ĿͶҶСԲ̨Բ̨û˹ע
ż֣ﵽҶСǰ׵ʱҶСһţԲ̨ζҪ̮һ㡣
ͣҶСзɫâֱӴ̽˶Է˫ĿС
żĸָٱԵĽŲȻͣǿĹԣǱһףϵƽʧȫֵɫâҲɢΪԭʼʧ˿С
߶ԼĿƶﵽľ磬ʹٱҲ˵ܹͣͣ£ǰԷȴһףͿղżλжôķŭ
ⶼ˾ģ𾪵ҶС˵һ֣ͣż˹ȻͣҶСﵽԳ編ľ磬Ļʥּǽ⡣
˵ĿⶼһգգĿһĻ
ԼԼ⣬һ߳һҶС־ᣬ顣
ž1ž2ž3
żֹҶС˵һһ߳ԼĶ⡣
һĻ˸ˣģ⵽ôһ£δ֪ܻп־ܶжһɺ⡣
ʥϹһЩһ˿˶⣬˶֪ô
ž20ž21
ʱżֵԼѪģѪϵ£Էδ쵽һ㣬ͣĳԼĶ⡣
İɽȣżе˶оԼģǰƺƳǵϣҶСĿޱߵķŭ
ǳĴżҶ˰һȭȥԼԼǿƫƫҶСѡһ
ܶ˿ҶСĿгη壬УЩ̭˵˱սһҶС磬ǿһĻʱˡ
һЩѾ˵ˣ˫ֶԼŲҪҶСײˡ


1028 ɹ
ͣˡҶС絭˵һ䡣
żĸֺֹͣҶСƵľżһ㡣
ԼȥҶСٴ˵һ䡣
żҵ֣˫ĿȻһԾɳԲ̨ȥ
Բ̨һءص
ҶС磬Ҫɱ㡭żǸǲҽһȻ
Բ̨ɽȵײʮɣͨ˵Ļ綼ˤˣżֱˤˣȫĹͷɢˡ
żҶ˶ˣԼ˲ڴ֮ͥԼԼ⣬ҴӸߴȥˤˣʷһˤ˵ߡ
ղҶСԼǿľס˶ԷȻԷһлҿѾﵽĲ۷壬ҪȻ治ֶΣֶζԾҪ󼫸ߡ
ߵ־ᶨޱȣΪԽߵ˾ԽԿƣҶС񹦴ﵽĲ۷壬ǿˣоԴеѣҺ񹦷Ƿޱȣ;֮໥ת
һͻָ
û뵽㾹ȻҶСصԼıʱЩĿҶС˵
ֻһСɶѣѵǴ֮ãɱȽǿ󡣡ҶСǺһЦǫ˵
ҵֻԻ˵ȴûֿ˵ֶȶԣҵֱ̫ˡԳһ˵
ҶС̵֪뷨һԻ˳ĻþɱΣҶСȻӵֿķô϶þԼҪעҶС磬սĻһСľͻᱻҶСá
ʵҲ㲻ʲôĶֻҪҵţһˣԻˣʵǴСɵĹֶģһ࣬ɱʮɲҪ᱾ĩҶСȰ˵һ䣬ԴокüһǴɱķǽݻ˼£ΪЩĹϵҶС̲ס˵һ䡣
˵ģҲʦŵĳ˵ֻ֮ѾϾ˴УܶɱѾʷĳСĿеȻ֮ɫ˶٣ĿͶҶС磬û뵽㾹Ȼ֪ô࣬ǲ֪һЩɱɣ
̽ضҶС硣
֪㵱ɰҶСЦЦ˵ȷ֪˷׷ǹʵģԼҪοЩҪ֮ʹСݵģС֮ʹߵܹɱ֮ӵ£Ҳܱȡ
֪ɱɵĻԸһʲôҶԽܡ̿ҶС˵
̫ˣֻϧΪʲôûأҶС̾һ˵װһϧӡ
С㣬ɱɹȻҪҲܹʲôܣåĻǲǳ˴ҶСĵѵ
㲻һΪֶεĸֶ֮Ŀ̶ȡҡҡͷ˵
ѵؾûһɱ𣿡ҶСɻʵ
ҶСĻ̿ҶС˵ҿΪ̽ҵʵ𣿡
ô롣ҶСƤһתͷԲ̨ϵս
Ƭ̵̺ҶС˹ʵҲûʲôУ𶼲ߡ
𲻸ߵ㶼ôߵĻ㶼ȵĳΪһһˡʱ˵
˵ֻͲڡ̻ؾһ䡣
˱㲻Բ̨ϵս
Բ̨ϵսʱҲܼңȥսĶʵȽǿˣ˶ǵʵ޼ܶսܾˣʱ򣬾Ҫ˭־ΪǿһЩˡ
ãֻһԲ̨ϻ˱ԣԲ̨ϵսѾˡ
ҶСóֻ˿ѾϾŵˣɫȴ겻䡣
Լʮӵʱһ̨ϵսڽˣڶֵıԲᡣ
ڶֵ̭ԣ˵ֱԵʮˣʮУżֻԶˣȫ̭ˣǼ˵ɫÿ
ŷż࣬Ƕ˽ˡ
ֻˡ
ڶֱԳ׽ֵˣվڵԲ̨ϣôʶһ£ͬʱһµֵĹ򡣡ڶֱԽʥǿվɣԶ
ºӰԲ̨ҶСľܿŷǧһкɵԲ̨ϡ
ҶС翴˿һ飬֣ѩ׷顣
ѵҪղŵڶˣҶСôԣһǿĲҲãܹһЩ˵Ĺֶκ͵ơ
ھǲ֪ʲôٷ鲻Ļпܺ˶ϡ
е˶ʶһ㣬Ƕ໥ŶԷ


1029 
ˣǵĽƽʥǿߵƵɽȣλãͬʱһͶӰԨ纣Ϣ˸ܵǿĲսʤ
ƷɳʥǿڵԲ̨ЩȫƯգһһС
ûпʥǿ֣߳ƯеĽѾһ룬ʮöոպãһ˶Ӧһơ
ÿһöơ˵һʮöƷɶһ֣ץ˹ĽƣûΪûǸҪ㹻
һֵĹһֵĹһеǴ150ʮַΪ飬ԼԼһ飬ʲôʱԣһϢʱ䣬糿ʮӣ׼ʼԡ˵꣬ʥǿߵӰͻأʧˣʥǿҲһʧˡ
ҶС翴˿ԼнƵ֣37ţһαĺ̨ԣԼĺ̨ͦԵֵģҶСԼλϣŮ˵ߡ
ľܿŷǧ˵ͷ
ҶСԼıҷɱȥ
صҵʱࡢϺλѾڿĿڣڱϣ໥ѯŶԷеĽƺ롣
һΣ̺ҶСһ飬һ飬ϵһ顣
һϣСŶ̿ҶСϸ˵
֣Ҫ֡ҶСǺһ˵
ıԿ϶ǿģʱ򽫻һ治֪һУЩ˱̭˵ꡣ
⻹ֻǻĽ˱ԣȫ򣬻֪жٸ֣ľһܲпᡣҶС˵
ҲףôΪʲôľܿʳԼеɻ
һǴû⣬ŷǧҲûΪȻᡣ
ΪԴɣôԴޣ˭վĸߣ˭ͻиߵԴãҶС翪˵˶٣ĿͶϡˣ˵һĽܷ񣬲֪ʲô
Ҳ֪ʦֻǸ˵Ʒޱȣʲôûи͸¶ҡҡͷ˵
Ҳһ˵һ䡣
ܽƷʲôȻѾμˣǾҪúñԣһĶǵʵҶС絭˵̬ܺá
˺ͬĵ˵ͷ
λ֮Ҷ˵ˣһ󣬻һһһ໥֮дʱҪСġͻȻѵ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣û뵽̾ȻЩ飬µ˵ͷ˵л
ôֻ㱻һߺˣ̫ϧˡ
໥֮һ󣬱ԻصԼķ䡣
ʱ˸һΪǵļн˵ֵʲô˸ôսʲôʽȵȣ뽫ʧٵ͡
һҶС˶жȹôĸ֣ŷǧľܿѹ޴һҲš
һζСûинˡ
ϵʱ䣬ҶС˴ҹȻ󣬾ͿʼϢûΪѾͻƵıԵֻһֱѹţΪо֮ǹӴ̫գͻƵĻֻ췣£˭֪췣жôֲҪľǻԼʮ㣬Ӳܹһٶɹ췣
ڶգҶС˫Ŀйâûд˵ӱ˳ȥʶ鿴һ£ǻڣľܿŷǧİȫȻõġ
ո߳ݱ㿴Բպжһɽ·ɳ۶ȥҶСЩɻתһ֪Ҫȥʲô¶һĨ⣬׷ȥ
ҶСûв´˵ĻһȥˣԼóʱûгԷտյģܵģû뵽ᡣ
ҶСһ·Բ˳ͺľĵطѾһֻѩãֻѩñͨҪıйâͽӰˣͺľǼõϡ
Բպ׼ʮҶСԲպǰѧԲյ˵ӷԲСʦּˣпڸˡ
ҶС˵꣬һԲպռĸɲͱȼˡ
ҶʩǺֶΡԲպ˵һŲæļ⿾һִӻһСƿװĿǵζ΢΢ζȵѩϣ֮
û뵽ҲİáҶСԱ˵
˻Ҫѧ֪㣬֮˵ԷΪӣʹԼЩѾ˵ԷΪܣƷʳеԲպкƽ˵
ΪܣȴΪһϰߣѾϰԷˣͻȻ䣬ԷúܲϰߡҶС˵
˾ôһ䣬һ̸һѾˣ˾ѩг
˰о˲̸ͣ۵ĹУԲָҶС˵ҶСԵҶСš
⻰ҶСһҪһŵĳ嶯
˱ɽȥҶСʣһ⡣


1030 쳾
ҶСŰ̵ĺԲɽϷɱȥ
˸շɱɽһʱһֲضӿƺƵƺХӿڡƺҪһС
ڷɱ˶ʱ䣬ӿе£Ǳѣ˺ףж裬һƵӣǸʥǿ߸ö硣
ʱһ˶𣬡ٽԣʲôȥˣ
аϵϣͬ־һӰվգƸ߸ϵˡ
ҶС̧ͷȥһˣǿ󲻿ɡ
ǰ㡭ҶС羪ȵĽһʥֲǱеʱҪҶС֯ߣϸһҲˣȻƮƮ죬мָı䣬ϳβδı䡣
СһѾѾͷ˵ˣֻҪ㽫ң£һġ˵
ллǰҶС˵һӿڴͳö濨ȻͶӸߡ
ţߵ˵ͷ˵ͻȻ䣬ĿһݣʵǸղŸʲôȥˣǲʲôı
ǰˣЩɽһֻѩãһ⡣ҶСһ䣬й⵶ųʣһֳ룬һݳ
ղżߵʱҶСƳĿʱʱе⣬ͻ΢΢˶Щϸڲƶϳߵס˵ȥ·Ϊе⡣
ȻҶСϣ߳˵ȻôģҲܾԵҲˡ
˵ţƸɿ֦ƾһץҶСеİͳС
ڼòҪܣʲôⷢץ˵һӰʧˣһֲѹҲһʧ˵»ָж
ʥֹȻó淽⡣ҶС̾һ䡣
ڵΪʥǿ߱ʵ̫ˣֱһһ£ȫûһȼϣȡֻеͻƵʱ򣬻ܺ͸սʥĸֶԿһ
ӷǵ·ܳԶԲպģ˵һͻȻ·ʲôһ㣬۾һҶС˵Ҷʩʲô𡣡
ҶС΢΢һ㶣ЦЦǸⲻһʶѣû뵽㾹Ȼˣ˵˵ʲôǷ𣿡
ϵһּУһڵľҲ˵һεͺǰĿ꣬ǰĶƶɮʶܶǳƶɮֽ׶ζԷʶӷ𡣡ԲŹԵ˵
˵ģסҶС˵Ȼ˱ɽɱȥ
ҶС߽ҵʱŮǶֹͣΧڴڵıš
ףôˣҶСֵʵһȥûö೤ʱ䣬ҲСʱΪǻһֱȥû뵽ôˡ
СˣղܵȥˣǻΪʲôΣաľܿ㽿ĵҶСһۡ
ǸǵˣղųȥʱԡҶСǸһЦ˵ˣ֪ľܿŷǧİȫ˶ˡ
ҸղźǸɽһˣһ⣬һ·ţڻȵġҶСߵǰտĽƵĿϡ
Բյռã˶ʳľܿ㡢ŷǧࡢϣ̵Ҳ
˶Ϊŵ˺һС죬ȻƷζҶС翴˰뿪Ц˵һΪǲʳ˼̻ӣ¶ʳʹ
ȷʵǲʳ˼̻𣬴СǳɽţжȹٳԶʹԶǳһЩҰûгԹĶ˵
ôԣҶСɻʵ
ûʱ䡣˵
̫źˣҾ⣬ҪһЩ飬Լо֣ؿ飬кôģһζͻѹ죬µ˺ڣǵΪٺߵˡҶС˵
Ϊʲôô˵ɻʵҲĿͶҶС硣
쳾ģĸض˵ɣȻ쳾з࣬ۻ֮Ҳ٣ÿ˶ģͲܹѹֵʱ̫ˣ綼ġ
У˶ʣÿһ˶Լϲŭ֣Լ켣ǿһʱ䣬ȥԼǸ֮ˣܹõĥľȻ֮
Ȼ֮ʲôϵʵ
ȻǷ˪¶оĶֲ΢ȵȣҪ˽Ȼ֮ҪУУõķȻⲻҵһ˿ѡҶСЦЦ˵
˵ĺеʱһһԣʱҪҰһŶգһ۾ҶС˵
ҲȥһоͶˡҶСĿ¶һ˿ɫ


1031 ǿǿ
ǺǣȻӭҶСЦЦ˵һתǸˣûǮֻҪóһЩҩҺң͵ǵһѡ
õǮҩҺʲôϵ̲ĿҶСʵ
ɻҶС΢΢һ㶣û뵽̻ǸģǸδСҲǣڶ֮򽻵ҲֻʦŵˣˣҶС仰еĺ壬û
ǰҩҺңҿҩҺһЩǮҶСƽĽ͵
ҶСĿģ¶һĨ֮⣬û£ԼǮġ
˺Լȥ棬αأҵʱǺġ
ҪҩҺ𣿡ʵ
ţҪҶС˵ͷ˵
ҪĻصǿԸһЩҪҩĺǽǮһѷֻֽҩĲԴ
ãû⣬лҶСм˵Ҫ˵ҪҩҺȻܶ࣬ͬҩҺǰæ
ÿ
ҩĵĻɽҲ㽻Ҳ˵
лǣҪʲôҩľ˵һᾡȥѰҵġҶСϲãһỹˣȻҩĽǣֻҪܹõҩҺС
һ죬һ߳Щ⡣
Ů˵θڻʣ඼ʮû뵽һǾͳˣ󣬻ĿҶС磬ҶСкһ⡣
տҲᣬֻûЩϣԲõЩкöĲҩЩҩⲻɴࡣ
¾ģʲôԲｫҪһֵϡ
һʱܿ͹ȥˣڶ죬ŵʮֵʱе˶Ѿ˵ȴŵֱԵĿʼ
ʮʱһɺƴѹɽϿգը죬ʥֵƣͶ䣬Ӱһռ䣬ʵֲ
ֱԿʼʥǿ߳ɣ֮еÿ˵Ķߡ
ಡʮ˲Բ̨ϣһУϳˣԲ̨һصĸ֣ȶԣ˵ĿȫͶ˶̨̨ϳǿĳ
żҵѩսϹϹҡ
Բ̨ʱôһ̨ս
Բ̨ϣһԶѩһϮ£˳Ⱦͬ꺮̳ɵԣȫһ˿ҲûУĽâѾŲѩķâ¶˵ǿ˺ܶ౶
Ϲһɫۣڱѩ˵ۣ˺һȼһ
Բ̨սѾʼˣԾûг֣໥ŶԷ
Ȼ䣬ƱŷֱͷϿյĿռ䶼γԲΣѩɫâᴩգΧռ䶯Ҫһ㣬Ϊ͵˿һǽɫâо۾ۣҪϹ˵ĸо
Ϲһɫ籡Բʮɶӳ˻ɫڣѩȼա
˶ĿͶĿռ仯֮ʱ˵ԭʧˣӰԲ̨λá
һ׻ơϹҵ˫ֱóޱȣÿĳһƣΧĿռ¶ȾߣȻ¶ȸߵöࡣ
ѩûгУʱпܰγǿֲһָɫиһУƳһУǷĳ̶ΧĿ˻
׶Σ˻ֻ̽ԵĹûóȫ˵սˡ
ơϹҴһһĳ˹ռ䶼ǿֲӰŤǰĿռ䶼Ⱦ˳ɫ
ơѩһ֣⼸һѩ˵Ļж⣬ɢϹҴ˿ȡ
нɫâޱҫ˲ۣγһ˿һĽɫ⽣⽣̳ǿռеĳɫ׷ɢ⽣ǰĿǶԷʺ
ϹҲûбһס侲ݣȵơ
һƴʱһɫгѩǽɫ⽣ɫȼճޡ
һɫܣƾΣѩȥ
ѩ˫ĿųϵˣһӺϹ˾룬ԭλõıѩɫڳһ󶴡
Χ˾ѣҪ֪ѩɵԲ̨ʵޱȣʥѹ㹹ģǼӲ̶ȱȾֶҪӲüû뵽ȴϹڳһ󶴣֪¶ȶߡ
ѩں˵ͬʱƾһնն˿ռ䣬Щɫӡ
ʱ˲Ľսÿһιܣʱɫ棬ʱɫ棬ĽԲ̵̨ǧٿףС¶ȼߵĻ棬Χ̨ϵ˶еӿ̨˸оΪǿңԲ̨ͱԲ̨½˼ףЩѩЦݣֱӶˣȷʵֲޱȡ


1032 ־
һս˶ǵӢܣÿһ˵ʵЦһ
˵˵İţҲǲɱսǿһʤ˭ܹ߳һŲȶԷҫ͸Դгڴ
һսӮõĲҫԴľϵ
ԼͬһĸֱԼˣϵõ㣬ҲõԺ档
һһǿֲڶ࣬ңÿһλ֣ѹһֵʵһмΪǼˡԲ̨ϣһ߸̾һ˵
Ǵʱףһли֡
ڴǵĳɳ
֪ǻɳʲôزΪһ˽ܣ޾Ĵ棬ȫڻ֪жꡣ
εǶһ£Ȼ棬ЩطҲаɣ
֪ʥָͲܽ롣
ҺŲͣڰʥľ磬һ֣ǻᱣܶʵ
˵ǸʲôСһòƲϣ᲻ʲô⡣
˭ʤ˭ܻһأǵ飬ǾͲҪˣûǡ˵ǹ֯ߡ
ֵսǿǿǣߵս쳣ҵģΪĶ֡
ʱ̨սѾˣѾصλϣΪȫԸ㶨֣ǣΪ˸Էһ棬ͶԷʮУȻƻӶֺ˳ȥĶֱ䡣
̨ϣڶıҲһһҵĺĶΪֻ죬սȻͲ˵
ҶСĺ̨ϣصĸսǶǸսأʵ£սĺܼң˭Ҳκβ˶Է
ʱѩϹҵսҵʱϹʼշѩһ֣Ϊѩûгһ˵ӮͶˡ
̨ϣѩֶƻ˽ɫ⽣ÿһӳնһе֮⣬Ϲһ׻õ¯࣬˹ɽ緢
һաϹҴһɲǼâɣɢĹȣͬǾ֮ϵ̫֮񣬺ƴһ߳裬ɫ죬ͬȼյĻ档
ƾմһƣռŤ޾Ųѩ
նŲѩȻϧһеֹâʢɫâޱߣܹƬռи
䡣ײһ𣬱ŷ֮Χ̨һЩΪߣ۾ӡ䶼ѪҪҶС缴ʹķӦ˹һâһС
Բ̨ϣŰ籩˵ƺеĸƼȥ
ʱ̨ϵҶС˫ĿɫâоѩҪˣһܺõĻᣬ񱩵öԷĿʶ裬ʺϳ
ȻûпѩʲôһΪҫ۵İ׹һţֹͣ˶Բ̨ϵ籩նˡ
籩ɢ֮ӰվԲ̨ϣǵıѾ˽
ѩȻýֱִ䣬ͬبŲıϹһ˼ӣ˫ĿĲϳһۣѪʶ£ǻɫĳϣһ̼䣬ǻɫۺƱһԡѪѪۡ
ϵǵ۾ǸղѩĽ˵ģѩˣҪȻĺѾơ
ʱ̨˶ζŸղŲѩһ
ûпѩĽҶС翴һţѩһȫľšһɣֻбĽ׹⣬һǿµģ赲ĻҶСĿǰ벻İ취ֻܶܣâȻٳ֡
Ұˡ̨ϣϹҿɬһЦ˵į
󣬵ȴĻص˶ߣжһɱ·ɪ
һŵ𣬱һŵį
ǿʳҵУҪ𣬱ȥŬҪȻֻܹ̭
ÿһʱӢ۱콾ӿ֣ȻܹҲô˶ѣ˶Ѿû˹ʷС
Ҹ߹㡣ѩ˵һ仰ת뿪Բ̨
仰ѩſϹҵʵĲã
Ϲ˫ȭգį˲һ䣬ȼǿҵĶ־һ·һŻʧԲ̨ϡ
ʧܲ£µɥʧ˶־ʧȥ˶־ʾףˣһˡ
̨ĵڶһĸֺһĸ֣һĿһɨ֪ս
Բ̨ϵļλο֮ɫ
ϹϹ󱲲ȻˣǶ־εʧܣɳеİʯĬĬˣһɳһ̡֯ʥֺ̾˵
һɫ۵ǵЦݣȻϹҵĺ󱲲ث֡


1033 ǲ
ʱ˻ڻζŸղѩϹҵľս̾һ֮ľ̫ˣͬʱҲڴţ˭Ϊһһһˡĺ̨ϵսѾˣȻ˵ʵ޼һ߱ȽϴսһʱյʾװǶֵӣʵһش֣ʤһսˣսϱթҪʵ⣬ǻҲȱ١սܵǸ˸ոȥһӰȲķɱĺԲ̨ϣӰҶСһ㶣Ȼ¶һ˿ЦݡҪˡע⵽ҶСϵı飬൭˵һԩҰҶС̾һû뵽һĶŷŷġĺ̨ɽŷİȻվ緢һ˭ƣſԵڶֵսУһȭͽִ˳ȥúƣһս׼ϮһսķֻҪʵǿˣһȭӣܹͻǿŷĵȴе㲻ͷĴ˿ͻȻ䣬ҶСվЦɣһĶһ뵽ҶС磬оͳһŭŷǧϵˣû뵽ھȻҶСŮˣʵ̫ɺˡ˶˵ҶСʵһ㣬ڿӵʥֹҪȻҲ۷ΪԿԶһҲһţΪҶСսǰҶС綼Ķ֣ӡ⿪ʵҶСΪܹ١οû˵˭ܹ۷ʱ򣬾ܺصĸֿ⣬οǶǼ򵥵ظߺ󣬶ӵżǱĸ֣ҶСսԶֻҪҶСڱע꣬ͿһٴݲҶСˣţ¶ݺݵЦû뵽ҵĶ־Ȼ㣬׼Լȥ仹ҰȥҶСӰվŷǰһ֮ɫģ̫ſˣǱֹѣڵˣҿ㻹ſë
ǣ̫Ҫˣһô˵˭˼ұֹ֪ͲҪ˵ѵżǸ𣿡ǰżǸ˾ǻӣ治֪ʲôҿ˳ɶǰϻڱƹΪԲֹ۷壬ΪҿҲą̇̄ˣҶСĺ̨ϣضҶС磬һţһսҶСµӡ̫ˡܺã㾹ȻҶô˵ҪΪиֹͿԺ࿹ˣǷԶɲ˸֣͵ֶվϲ̨棬ҾҪ㳹ױ¶˵ǰŷ˫Ŀем˵𣿷ƨͿʼսɣҶСЦһ˵ŷɫѿ֮˫ĿжҪ˻𣬡ȻôͱҲ
˵꣬Ȼһ̤һɾ˵ıų˵ٶȱӵҪ죬˶ȭͷȭͷǰˣһƬռҶСѹҪҶСѹ⽴ǰ׳գΪͣΪʥֹѵҲôΪ˵ŷУǧ⣬ֻҿˣ޴ҪҶС糰һ䣬˫ֲڿ㶵ڣ磬˲ʮף㿪ŷĵĹ䡣һȭԲ̨ϣԲ̨ѣɡ̨ϵһŷĲһ֣ʵǿȭܹǼӲıѩԲ̨̫̫ˡ֣΢΢üͷ벻ͨŷôô嶯һʼȫһ·Ȼȥˣ㻹мֶΣҾͲܹôһֱȥŷЦһ˵ٶȺܿ죬ޱȵȭͷ̺ľƣĪȷϵĹҶС磬ҶСӵδ֪һ㣬ÿһιյҶСǰͱһ˹ȥҶС˫ʼնڶһɵӣҶСӣŷĸߣԽԽǿֻҶСͲභͣضһѪĳ嶯ߣͻװģ̨ϣһ۾һգգĿ̨ϵսߵĻ¶һĨɫʲôȥ̨ϵ˿ȥˣŭĺеΪܹһʵսû뵽ҶСֻ㣬ͲսҶ˯ˣô򡣡ܹҲһֱ£ǿ¸Ͷ㲻ȥ̨ϣ֧ҶСġҶС磬Ǹ˾ͱ㡣ĺ̨ϵŷķŭĺеΪҶСҲһӣû뵽ô˻ôҶС½ǣһĳ嶯̨һĸ֡һĸԼԲ̨ϵʥǿǶҡҡͷŷıʾʧǲαʲôϵοûһëǮĹϵҶСһ㣬һߵȻ˵ŷɫѿޱȣǹɷŭ޷˵ܹץסҶС磬һҶС


1034 ŷ
ĺԲ̨ϣŷĺһƻߣϷԲ̨ϵıѩľƻĿӿݣ˻ûдҶС硣
ѾĵĲˣϷҶС˵Ȼͣ岻㡣
ŷһȭҶСͬһȭӿ񱩵˻Ƭռк籩ңԲ̨𣬼쫷Уƺƴ֮е˶רעĿ˵սڴһζĽ
ҶСһȭƴ󣬵ʵȴֽϻһ㣬ŷһȭϱľݿһ㽫ҶСɢĺƴƳƣҶСȥ
ģ汻ƭˣΪʵжôǿڿҶ򲻹ҿڵǹѾˡ
̫ʧˡ
ΪһҵսǵѹԵĹûһ㿴ͷ̨ϵ۷׷ףйԼеĲ˵ǰֻǲ²Ļôڿȫ϶ҶСǱֹղʱڵĹˣڲòŷĶսһսʵʵ¶˳
ν˳ɻһЩĸֶе㶯ҡѵҶСʥֹɣҶС磬ʵɣҸղѾ˵ˣЩĵֶʼѵǴ֮ã¶ıΪ˰ŬԼΪȽϺáԼȭƳҶСȥŷ緢һĿǡ
ʱŷĵȭڳҶСϣҶСƲһ㣬ƬƬ飬ɢǹ籩С
ǰһĻѾ󣬵ܾޱȹ죬ﲻԾ
һ۾ͿɢķʽͲʱӣ塣
ҶС屻Լȭ˺飬ŷ¶һĨϲɫ˲ϴ䣬ҲˣǰҶСͲһ壬߲Ӱѡ
ġôŷʧ
ʱһɿֲ󹥻ŷȫĺë߶ȼУƶҪܹȻǳˡ
ԡƻԵľӿƺƴ󡣡䡣ŷĵ屻ײ˳ȥһѪǿľ뵽ŷڲƻڵĸ֯
ءŷĺݺݵԲ̨ϣҶСվ˸ղŷվλá
ʲôǫ̂Ϻܶ˶ЩӦˣǰһĻ̫ϷˣΪ˳ȥҶС磬û뵽Ȼŷġ
ζô˰Ҫѧ͵ԼʵſҲ١ҶСøղŷ˵Ŀ˵
ۡ⻰ŷٴ³һѪ
ʱҶС綯ˣϳһĲӰ
ꡭꡭĹŷĵ˫ȱҶС̧žͲȶˡ
顭ҶСŷĵڣȭͷգŷĵԴ
ͷߡ̨ϵ֣Ǳ򿴵һĻɵԼϵıݰ
ءоѾ࣬ҶСһӣŷӵһߣͺһһ㡣
ʱŷѾˣԴ״ޱȣֱǳ򣬺ֻҪһѣ˶ŷĺҶСսϲ˾ŷġ
һһ֣Ȼӣֱ̫ˡʱҶСʵ˶һµʶǾһϻ
ˡҶСվŷǰӸµĿŷģɫĮ
ˣû䡭û䡭ǲġŷķĺе
һŰ̾ղŻ緢־µŷľȻһֻ蹷һ͡
Ȼ㲻Զ䣬ôֻаȥˡҶС絭˵һ䣬һŷɳ͸ŷһţŷĶʱһƽ˶֤żٶǲ9.8/롣
ŷ˵ȻŷĶ˵ˤɽȣһʥ֣ƳһҶС磬¶Ũصɱ⣬Բ̨ȥ
ҶС翴˿ܣһ˲Լλϣ̨ϵս
˿ҶСĿⶼЩͬˣսʱһҪСģҪȻ˵ŵˡ
û뵽ʵôǿ󣬾ŷĶȫĶ֣ҿһһ˵λ÷Īˡ˵ӾҪ׼ŶʱɲҪڡҶС΢΢һЦ˵
Ȼᷴڡ˵֮ͬ衣ʵҵʵһ㣬սĻҪܻҪһֻǴһʼҾƿס˾棬սĽ඼ҵİУҵķŭ̼ʱһΪܹӳ߰˳ɶѣ첻ţ˵ʧע˵ġҶСŤͷ˵ֺǸΧ˵ҶСڶඥֶҶСĻͬŷѾʧȥƽģսʱĴɣʧҲ֮С


1035 غɽ
û䡭û䡭ŷıŷ˴Լı૵
ŷĵӣ˶һĬŷѾˣ˵޷ϵĴˡ
Ӯǳе£û˭˵Լһս䣬˲£µǾʹʧȥģǷȥӮҪԣӮˣҪٽܽĿԶǰˣҪԣڴ
ʱŷĵϿ䲻𣬲ҶԼʧܣջᱻûᱻ
˵ϹҪǿĶ࣬ȻʧˣǶ־ɣһ٣ľѱ˺ܶ࣬Ϊûбס˺ܶࡣ
һս˼ŷ˫һֱǼĽû뵽ŷ֮ôһλžôˣһˡ
ܹʰţΪȻڰٳ߸ͷٽһǣڵ߳Ӱɺѣ졣
ʧǺܿ㱻Բ̨ϼҵս˵ע⣬ŷĵ飬³ŷ⣬ûע⡣
һҶС罫½ĿͶԲ̨ͻȻһϤӰҶСһοߺѩ˪
ΪѾﵽ۷壬Ķһؾߣĺ̨ս
ҶСҲû뵽ѩ˪Ȼһ顣ʱĺ̨ϴѩһռ䣬ѩ˪Ʊѩеľ飬ڷѩдУһӣǼ
ѧ츳ͬޣ߽һĹͲһһô򵥡򳡣絶еѩȵļöæң֪ôȥӦԺѩ˪Ĺ
һսûκǺѩ˪ӮΧ츳ߵչ谭˶ֵж͹
ѧ츳ͬ޵µģۺûκεȱ㣬ҪܶԷֻԾԵѹƶԷݿĴݻһС
ȻڼʮԺһ챻һдУȻ˺ѩ˪Уһѱͣ˶Էüģѩ˪ʤ
һ̨ϣսҲǿǿĳ棬żҵԶս䵱ĸġ
ǿǿսĳǺ˵Ŀ⣬˶뿴Լһ֮Ĳ࣬˭ܹʤΪһһˡ
Զ˫ƾµľеһж֮Уʳͬ뷲ɣһۣ˵
Զǿѹ֮ƣȻںϣԶƶ첻ɰӰ죬ȫˡ
ʹ˭Ҳκβ˭עһҵսȻ䣬ûκεף˾භҲһԶȫɫâưһӲޱȵɫףݣԵſȭͷٻӶƬؼ䶼ȭͷ޿ɱܵĸо
ȭӰУеһҶƼȭӰڵĴĲĶϣЩȭոյǰͱȫˣԶ
ʱսûʲôͷΪ˶̽ԵĹҶС罫Ŀ̨̨̺һؾĸս
ؾɢϢԷǸոսˣѾ˺ܶˣϢԲûһ˿Ĳ졣
̨ϣͬλõӣֻӶ˿ߴбųһ㣬֣һ˿쳣жϸ΢˻
֣һƴâйâãݺŹ˿նȥ
Щ˿ߺܲ򵥣Ȼһ㣬мõԡĶֺܲ򵥣һն̹Է˿߾ͱնˡʱ鶯Ŀһ·еĳϸߣ趯ͬʱʱ˫ۣʱĳƳ˼ʱķŭ
ɽУƮܶ˶У̵ֶӰΧԲ̨ϱԵˡؾߣĿᶨޱȣֺ飬ģֵǼᶨޱȵĿ⽥ˣжһһǰƣûһ󾢣ġиһָ΢΢˿𶯶Χеһҷڣһɰƾۣһײظֵϡ
ءߵ˳ȥ˵ϣһ˿Ѫ֪ԼѾˣղˣֻһˣҪȻһˣһУսûа취μˡ
̵ĹֶΣҶС̾һ˵ɹɱΣ˷ʤǿľ޵ˡϸ˵ѧĹߵģûһܹȵɵģǵȽϱһ־Ϊᶨˣͻ·硣ҶС˵
ɽѧĹҲҶС絭һЦ˵ҿɵѧһЩ֮ͬѵ֮仹ʲôϵɣһ仰ҶС翪Цʵġ


1036 ̫֮
һĬƬ̺˵ڹʱһɣ˿ǵʦصʦʦá
ԭˣֲĹ似й֮ͬҾܹںĻ󡣡ҶС˵
˵ûдغɽ似һ˴ģ˵ںϻܹ֮ͬЭʵ屶ϣЩҲѷɫֻҪɺ϶Ϊһ̫ˡ̲֪ʱѾصıϣ֮ͬ
ҪˣȴԼĹϵȵִɵʱ򣬾ȥɣӦòǶ¡ҶСǺһЦ˵
Ůû˵ζҶСĻ
ΧɵЩһ֣ݺݵĵҶСһۣ˾ζ
ҶС絭һЦЩ˵̬֮кܴìܣɺ϶Ϊһ̫ˣĻܹģֻҪŬ򲻸ˣһܹɹ
䡣һ죬ҶС½ĿͶһ̨ʱԶ͸ĵսѾ˰Ȼ׶Σ˵һֵƾǿȫƻڸ߿趯
˻ûгɳѾ˰ķ緶
һ̨ϣԶĹԵͣÿһʯ쾪֮ƣͬȺɽĵȻ̤Īֱָڣһƽ֮ԶĹΪΡ
ɱǡԶһ裬ԣɫΪףͬһս˫ڿлƴĺۼĪĲȻ䣬˫ĿԱųԲ̨֮һ񳱣ȭݺݴ
໡һǺȭǰ۳һ޴ɫͷ۵һֻͷë룬ذףſݣķһȭܹ򴩲񷣬ɽһȭ޷赲Χ˶оļ£֪һȭλ⡣
ܵԶһڳһĨأµĲʰ˷λ˫ֱγ̫䵱Ĳ֮ܣǿӹɡ˫ֵĻ̫ΪΪΪֻΪһƬ죬ֻΪһأпٵཻ֮ŷϵϡ
䡣ҡضɽ¡¡֮Ӿ֮ϴ˵ڿ񱩵пȻ
ƳԶһ˫ּһع
󡣡֣һеΪ׻ȸ䣬ĵӰ˫зɳĵ޴ӰĵӰؼ䣬ֲķپ£ĵˣ̺ϵϣԶȥ
֮ԶѾʶˣ޿赲֮ƣ֮ʣȻӿֲ
̨ϵˣס˺һ۾̨ϵˣ˵ս˵սԵð޹⡣
û뵽䵱Ĺֶô⣬ôǵȻҶС̾һ˵кڴ֮жôĿֲ
ܹݻԵֵزһսԶˡ˵
䵱ݻ֮ôֲҶСѯʵ
ǿֲǿֲ֮һߣ¾̫ղסοһŵ֣Ҫй˵츳ҪȻ׺͵Ӳܸ̫֮䵱̫֮Ȼ᲻ϵݻֱݻΪֵݻϳ̫һѭΪҶС͵
ҶС綼һΪѧͲ̵һֱ̬Ӹıˣ̫֮ȷʵ
Ⱥǹ衣ԶһԲ̨ϹҶС˼òĿͶԲ̨
ԶɫâֱɫӰųһֻֻײޱȵǣſѪڣų˺ҧȥ
䡭Ű籩γɣ˵嶼ס˼
ɢ֮ʱɫܲ԰ףղ̫֮ݻ֮ܶľԶѪԷ֮ԶԶĹƣ֮˲С˺ݻ˰ԣһսͲôˡ
ݻ𣿡Զ˰͵Ѫʵ
ҡҡͷĿһʵǻҪսȥ𣿡
ˣһ䣬һսҪСġԶ˵һ䣬ȻһɵԼλϣ΢΢һҲصԼλá
̨˵ĻҶСһ㶣û뵽Զôһ棬ӡԶһԵ˿ˣһĻӡĹ˲١
룬ҶСҲͨˣ˶ɱûʹ˶ƴĻܾˣںս׶βʱԶһ䡣


1037 ÿ˶
Զܲ򵥣ſԵһڵһֱֶѡڱ̫ϢԶҶС˵
һĶ֣һ򵥣ȻǸŷĳ⣬ǰ֮ìܣܹܲսʤʵҲ˵Ǹصĸһ˫Ůз˵ҪҶСϵȫھһ㡣
أұֳľʵԼôαҶС˵
ɣ̵˵һ䡣
ҶСû˵ĿͶĺԲ̨ϣԲ̨ϣһսҶСһƣΪʲôͲÿζظֶ֣ӿĥĥԼ似
һʼʱ򣬶иûг֣ͣ㣬һ׮ľͷޱƶȫֱͦƶʱûĶÿһνһֲ䣬Ųƿ
ԼӺһ˫ĿһɣһɾԵѹһϢųͬһĶָ׼֣һӱϵϢѹƵĻһӲԷ֪ѾǸˣȥҶСһ̾һȺɧ
ҶѰϣҶС֪ҶҷɵΪļʶһ£û뵽ҶҵĵһˣҶ޻û÷ɵƾһѻûĹ⽣ͽԷܣԴҶСʧѣúеսܹķɵɡ
־ֻǿǿĳ棬һ˵Ķֲؾأսôһֵıһֱе˵ڶ糿ֵһжʮˣʮһĶһжʮǰ˴һĵһˣŷ˫֮һŷ컪ŷ̫޷μӱ̭ˣɵλ֣ɢеİԼҶС硢ϺˡǺѩ˪Ųѩɢе˺һλʦûꡣ
ʮӺǵϤĲɣ֮𣬡нһֵĸڸԵԲ̨ϼϡ
仰ո£ʮӰͷɵԲ̨ϣÿһԲ̨ˣǶһ콾һĮ̇һкܶ˶ĽĿǣĬĬطģһҪŬ
ʽһֵһģһʥֽеĽƶ125ʮͶ˸ѡ
Ƕʮ˷Ϊ飬ǸվڸԲ̨ϡ˶õֺʥǿߵ˹
Բ̨ϵ˶ƶŸԲ̨ȥҶСûжĽƺǶʮţһĺ̨Լ˶վԼڵԲ̨ϣźԼͬһԲ̨ĸ֡һԲ̨Զŷ컪Ųѩ׷顢ȣ̨Ҷ޻֣к͸ģ̨̡䳤ա塢Ϻͻꣻĺ̨ҶС硢ࡢϹҺһɢޣ̨ѩԲաɡѩ˪һɢޡ
ǻԵȻͬһԲ̨ϣĻʱҪŶҶСԼͬһԲ̨ʱǳǳһЦ绨
˵һһĶ֡ҶС絭һЦ˵
Ҫ̫ǫˣֵǫǽٴһЦ˵
ҶСЦЦû˵ʲô
ʱߵǰ˵һ˲Ҫ֣뿴֮Ĳж󡣡
ãȻ֡ҶСĿһֱƶǰȻͦķͣ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ܵҶСǴԵĿ⣬ҶСԶԶģͬʱ֣å
ҧгݵӣҶС΢΢һЦ
ߡһҶСŤͷȥֻԶϹۿ
ҶС磬ϹҼΪղҶСĻڶУЩΪ˵Ĵ̶·ҶСΪһ㣬ҪںεأҶСսʤŷģǣȻΪҶСĶ֣к޺޵һܾ裬ҿʱǶ˵Ļ
ӦýϹҰɣҶСһȷĿʵȻ֪ԷϹңר˵ģΪ˴Ϲҡ
Ҿǣʲô£ϹжҶС죬ǱԾһƽĸ֣Ǹֵķ緶ϲŭɫ
ǲǶʲôҶСֱʵ
̸ϣֻΪܸߣһ£ڿһ֣֮໥սĻܴ󡣡Ϲҵ˵Եúзȡ
ұԣҶС練һ䣬˶˵ģʱһֵģһΪڶŷġ
⻰Ϲҵɫѿ޲ýҶСǧУԾɵһЦ˵ЦˣҪ֣ӦֲŶԣȻΪǺܸߣ˵ڴԶԶ
ϹԵĸҶС磬ҶС粻У򲻹
ԸˣֻµʱһҪˣ±˻˵Ϲҵôһں쳾е˶򲻹ѵϹҵУǶĿϹҵˡҶС絭һЦ˵
⻰ϹбųŨҵɱ


1038 ֵıԷ
ҶСڹûб¶ս˱ȻģǸʱڱҲ٣һҪڳʿ֮
սѾȫҪ֣վͬһԲ̨𣿡
⻰˶źԼͬһԲ̨ȥʱʥǿߵٴ𣬡ԼͬһԲ̨˶ԼĶ֣Ҫ˵һµֵĹ򣬵ֵĹûйԼ̣ѭ̨ķʽսôУֻҪųһΣÿһ˶ҪķڷһֵսĹ࣬ڸһϢʱ䣬ʱʼֱ
һʥ˵껰ʧˣǸԲ̨ʥǿʧˡ
ֵıԻأԺܸߡҶС絭һЦ˵
໥һˡҶС˵
ԾͱԣʶʶɽѧҶСЦЦ˵
ߡϹĿĹâȻߡ
ƳһϹȥıӰҶСЦһЦΪһͣ󣬿Ҫһ̵ĽѵС
Ҳ߰ɣҶС翴˿˵
һ˻صݺ󣬲ûмŽԵıңǶҶСıϣŵֱôС
һԻΪѣһʼǿƴܾ˵ĻǺҪռˣҶСޱƵ˵
һʼʱûж룬űݷɻʱԽԽòԾֿʼĻϹһսһȻܲˣҲĺܶڶսܹŵùȥǵĳأԴˣҶСЩģе㲻ƽתһ룬׽磬磬ʹƽ
ΪգĹâʵ
ʲô˼ѵнİ취ҶС粻ʵ
Ȼнİ취ѵûĻָҩˮҩˮǽڵȫĹˣ˺صˣҩˮڶʱȫָϹһ˿Ц͵
ԭҩˮҰ׵һҶСһЦ˵˵ˣ˼ʵǸǸûǸҩˮ
У࣬ҲŴƿѣҩˮޱȣʦţÿһҲƳʮƿѣֻйҲǸȥѰҸֲҩЩҩˮ̽һ䣬ȻĿͶϣ˶٣˵ҪĻʱҿȽһƿ
лʱʲôҪæĵط˵ֻҪܼģһ㡣ҶСм˵
˵ŶһΪ˵
ǸҸЩоҩˮѵ㲻֪ʱĿҶС˵
Σô˵ΪЩһЩͨҩˮûдҶСޱƵ˵
ҪĻҲС൭˵һ䣬תͷҶС硣
лҶСм˵
ȻҵĶ֣Ȼϣ㹫ƽһսһƿҩˮȸ㡣ҶС˵һɫСƿУݵҶСǰ
ллҶС˵
һƿҩˮҶС磬ľܿЦݣ·ϲãУŷǧһĨɫһԵһƳȻջĿ⣬Ҳ֪Щʲô
׼ʲôķʽս̿ҶСʵȴ룬֪ȸһƿ
Ҳ֪ʲôķʽսǶӦ֪˱Ƚϵ͵ҶСǺһЦ˵
㻹͵һжûбߵˣһʱ䣬һֶһȴûȥȴԶ˳ͻżǸսкŷĵսһ㲻˵ܸߵߡһ˵
С椣ûеôǲҵ̨ҶСҺܸߵ˰ɣҶС෭һ˵
ߡһŤԴ
ֵսһҪ֣ղԲ̨ϣϹҺҷһЩڽǣĸԣµһͻսҶСε˵
ҵڶսǳǳһЦ˵
Ҫҵ㶼ҪϢһʱ䰡ڶֵʱһ£ʵҶС˵
ҶСĻ໥һۣ˵ͷʾҲԡ
սʱҪɢսʵ
ҲһҪɢôȥѡˣĸ˶սˣ϶ϳ붼ԵսķʽսңҲǡҶС˵
ڴһֵսÿһԲ̨϶Ǹ֣עսϡ¶һ˿΢΢ڴ֮ɫ
ҿʵܳΪǵĵһͲõġҶС˵


1039 ʼ
仰˵ʱе㲻Ծ̹Ҳڵ飬һЦ˵Ǹ
㲻ؽʲô̵ʵȷʵǿҪսʤȷʵкܴѣĻҾͻֱ䡣ϵĿҶСһ˵
̡˶ĿͶҶС磬ʡ
֪Ϊܸߣû뵽ȻߵֵزǺǲǵ顣̿ҶС˵˵ģ鶯֮Ŀȴûаĺڡ
һӣ˭Ҳ֪ô޳ÿһսж˱һ΢СʧпʧܡҶСǺһЦ˵
˵˻ʧţʧ⻰ҲţϿֵģʲô鶼Įģ֪һϸˡ̿ҶС˵
˵ôã⻰Ǻ˽һ㡣ҶС絭һЦ˵Ŀдһ޼ɵԡ
̺ƺںҶСĿ⣬ĿƵ˱ϣ˵ҲǺ˽⣬һЩϸڷĶǺ˽ġ
һˣȻܹһλ˽⡣ҶСЦЦĿָͻȻʲôһ㣬ӿڴóֻ׼ȴûһźţʱѾһռˣЩŲ޷롣
ôˣҶСӣŷǧľܿͬʱʵҲĿͶҶС磬ҶСĶʵ̫ˡ
Ҳûʲôղ߿ɼˣ鿴һµ˶ٷ֣û뵽ûźšҶС粻˼˵һ䡣
ͬʱҶСһۡ
лĻҲѧһѧĸоʱҪҡ˵
ãû⡣ҶСӦ
ǲû̸۶ãԼСʱʱ󣬱ֱصԼķ䣬ջһսˣҪúһȡԼս״̬۷״̬Ҫ֪ﵽ磬ҪȫܶԷҪΪ񣬻Ҫأʱ
ҶСȥûǻ˵սҳ˵սѾӦԵİ취ҳսʱȻһЩ
ڶ糿ŵҵʱѾȫԼԭıϡ
˴Լһӵʱ䣬ʮʵӰӾͳǸԲ̨档һɣõɽȵϿգֱԿʼ
£һһ̨ϣԶ裬ϣĺˮϯһ̨
˭һս֮ͬϴ£ſԵƸߴʤľ֡
һڿ̨Ͽը죬˲һӰѾԶ棬Ӱǳ¼һһ˳׷顣
ʱ򣬶̨ƾճһӰսɿĶУ˺һɽΰһɺʵĽɢֱʣ˰ԵѹһеİԵ֮һúڲŵĺȵĶӦ
һһո£䡭̨һͬһɽݺݵ˶̨ϡ
ȥֻһĸߴվڶǰϴźЦݣһҺʵĸоǺҵĺȻʵ񣬵ʵթϻޱȡ
̨ȳֵ䳤գһֲ£˱ըԵƵĿ壬һֻӣսһ
ܵԷĿ⣬屳ĿԶɳһƯĻȣֱ䳤ǰʮ֮תۼȻڿϡ
̤˵ĳһеĽɡ
ĺ̨ϣϹԶһ̨ϵʱѾ֣ҶСԣ˵һ˵Ŀ⣬˶עһսĵĵȴţȴĸԲ̨ı֮˶ٽҶСгݺݵҶС硣
̨ϣѩһ¡˳Ⱦһľվ¶ʱʵдգûٱ¶ˡ˫ĿĬĬĵȴţȴԼĶֳ֡
û˳֣սһɵӰչ߷ɵӥսȻ
ʱѩ˫ĿõĽɫâų˶ʱ۾жһʹĸԲ̨ϣ˵Ƴ𣬺ưɽϿε
ʱһ쳹ɽȣҶС磬Һһս
һ˵Ŀ⣬˶뿴˭˵һս֮
ϹңѵΪҶСʵ
²ǣ֮Ӧʲôìܣ㿴һ˿ɫһӾ˵⡣
ǸҶСҲģΪʥָڿͲôһ£ʵʵǿŷĴˡ
˵ڴģڻѧڴս֪һ᲻Ӯ
̨Ϻܶ˶ţĿĶĺ̨˵սǡ


1040 ҵս
֮ʱҶСһӳԲ̨ϣλһֱıһοռĲӰͺĲӰһš
ЩӰҶСһ
׳գ㲻ҵĶ֣ǾɣҪĥʱˡҶС翴ϹҲм˵
ǿΪԼܹùϹң
˵˶ʵû֪
ϹңҲܡ
һսڴ
ҶСһ˿̨ڶע⣬Ϲҵһŭ֮ɫĿܹɱ˿ҶСѾǧˣһϷӡ
ҶС磬ſһһ޶޲Ϲɱ죬޺޵˵
ܲܲҪ˵ϻʼɣҶС絭˵һûһ˿ɢһͨˡ
ãȻˣҾͲˡϹ˵һ䣬ȫţӳ˰죬˹ƻɽҽޱȡ
һƣơϹҴһһӾͳҶСǰ˫ȫ˳ɫɰޱȣ̺ޱȿֲ
һƿƳǰĿҵŤһ˺ƶܹڻԵÿֲޱȡ
ҶСº˸һ㣬һЩ˸ͲܶκӰ죬ǰһߵķΧȫգ˿յҲ͸
ʱϹҵһӡ˹һպ˵ҶС̽һ¶ԷĹҲû㣬ֻӳһƴɽǰ㣬һؽһأ޾
䡣һ죬ɽȻͬһըޱȵҰƺ
˵߼ʴеСȻЩͲܿ˵塣
һֹȻҶС̽һƣԷһ˿֮壬ƻڵһ֯˼ȵûгͱҶСˡ
ϹҲһҲҶС뵽壬ҶСԣųǹԵ쳣ѡ
ֲ˵ôſĻԭȴмʵƾʵҼֱǳ˵ΡϹ˵ٴδһƣһƵƷ綼ɫǿֲ¶Բ̨ϵıѩڡ
ҶС绯ΪȭԵĺȭŰڰ·ҪҶСһ˫ȭͷ¡
ʱ˶̽ԵĹԶԶûеҵʱ
һ̨ϣԶݣо֮ƣĹһ˫ȭͷÿһȭʯ쾪֮ΧĿռݺݶҲѣ׷˫趯һƬƬâԶ໥⣬䡭ը˵ĿͲսڸƻ
̨ϣкͺ˵սѾ˸֪߳ʱǸһĺڲȫʧһɢźУ޴ޱȵ͸һѹһеһ޷棬ҲҪ棬ߵǰԵ·ߣһն£ûпΪ͵˿һӶѹƵĶˡ
һСɽֻȭͷشһȭҳɽҡضϵΰﵽ˼µı֡
һһȭкͺͬʱһ
սһµĽϷ߸ֱ£ûһ˿ļɣ˵ɾǸƣֻоԵ档
ͷ죬顭˫źݺݵĶһ£ͬûκεļɣҳһȭ޵еһ㡣
䡭ϡһ죬Ȼһײһԥ߱˳ӿ˽ֱŷ
ǡԲ̨Ȼѳһѷ죬֪˵ﵽʲôľ硣
̨ϣ䳤պڷһըԵļ⿴ޣ˫ȭϴһףݺ⣬͸޾Ѫȡ
ÿһιƳ֮ˮֳ壬̤ƮݵĲӣͬл֣õļֱԼĸ첲ҪʱһնʱǱһ̣䳤յĹͱΪΣնصĹ򣬴
Ʈݿʸ̵ӡ
̨ϣѩ˺ƻһâ֮һһ⽣ûϻĽӰһ֧֧˸оɭɭġ
ͬǾ֮չ᰿ӥȼߣʱ˫չƲӥʳ˫߳ǿĹΧؼ䶼磬ڿа裬ڿ裬һ˫ȹѩòԴ
޵ȡڿдһ˼ٵ䣬ת˶ʧ˻Ϊһ쫷硣
̨ϱͬһǵ쫷Ϊһ壬͸¶˿־һѾ˺˷顣
ѩ¶վţ·ϰ꣬ǧ궼ͻȻ䣬˫Ŀɫâųһɽֱ𣬴͵쫷͸ǵɫâȻһҫصĹâӿأǹǿ쫷Ρ
ɵĹѩǿĽɢ


1041 ˣ
ÿһԲ̨ϵս쳣ң̨ϵ˿˫ð⣬һѪڣ޲ԼȥԲμս
ʱ۵Ҫĺ̨ˣϹһɫۣڿ񱩵죬ɫųһͷڷȾ˻ɫԲ̨·һУҶСΧɫâ֣ͬϼˣվһС
ҶС磬С㣬û뵽ΪȻҲֵزϹ˫Ŀбų˵һתΪܸߣҲΪֹˡ
仰Ҳ˵ġҶС絭˵һ䣬һֻ޴ȭͷӰգСɽһϹȥ
ߣϣΪһϹĻɫԵͻȻһĨɫ
ͷһ޴ȭӰ£Ϲ¶һ˿мͷǵȭӰһơ
Ϲƴգһɫŷɫ̺ϵһɼΪȵϢɫɢΧĿռ΢΢Ťᣲһ㡣
ҶС۶ǸȭӰһ˿ڻļ󣬾ȭ䣬ȭӰǹɫȼճޣ£ȷʵ̫ˣɫȻͬȼգ˵ȼյ˵
ҶС磬ôһ㹥ǿЦԼһƾƳҶСĹϹҿЦһ˵ȻҲûϸ鿴ΧҶС̽ĳѾôˣȻ֪ҶСĹôһ㹥϶ʲôֻ֣ûпѣ˵ҶСһϷˣѡ
Цɣҿ㻹ܹЦáҶСЦһ˵Ļ˵꣬ϹҵͷȻ䴫һӿȵľûһ˿ףݺݵϹҵͷ
ϹҸϽƣǣҴҴƷôֵܹסҶС׼Ĺ
䡣һܣϹңϯķʱһӰҾг˳Ϲңɫѿ˼£߻¶һѪĺڷǼѣϻһЩɫѾûһʼĹ֮΢еá
ղҶСһ޴ȭͷв̺һȵİϹҵܹȼȴȼղ޵İ
̨ϵ˿Ϲҵӣ֮ѵ˵ϹҲҶСĶ֣˵жôһʡ
ҡϹҳһŭʡ
ֶܽΣԼûпѣ׳աҶС粻мһ䡣
Ϲҵɫѿ˼֣˫ĿɫĻ棬б֮ΪԼʵҶС磬ҶСﲻһСǶѣԲ̨ϵǣееһжģǣСȴȥӭȴǳͳЦڻֱ֮׵ĵȼˡ
ҶС磬ӭҵķŭ֮ɣҪԲ̨ܾ衣ϹҴһͬһ㣬ݣɫϵȼŵĻ棬Եһ㵭ĺɫ
һɫҶСľҵһ£ɫŵŶ븯֮࣬ͬǰ㣬񣬳а
ơϹҴһڿն𣬷·ǻ٣˫һһɹɿֲĻɫҶСϮɻɫԵҲһɫ
һǹҲ˷ȣ·񷶼ܹȼգһɻӵеĽꡢȵһС
ҶС֣û뵽ԷһоȻܹû뵽ģȻа֮СĿսӰ쵽֣ѵǷصһϹ˶֪ҶС
ȥе֮һȷʵ£ҶС綼оȫһȣеĽζ֪ǿΪͷܵôֲɢζ
ҶСбųһ⣬¶һ˿ƻ΢ЦȫӿȭͷΪɫ
ơҶСһ֣һȭͬŭĺХɫдһͨ
䡭ײһƥ籩𣬺ХԲ̨ϡ
ҶС磬ջˣϹҵĶƷܹʹóѾ԰ˣӦûս˰ɣֻҪԲֱ̨ȥ߹ͷ䣬һ󷢴ȱġԲ̨ϹͻȻ䷢һЦЦսʤá
ô£Ϲôľ˵ЩϹҶСö˶˵վʮ׵ĵطô˵ҶСʧȥս
ѵʧķˣ
㲻ĪǹģרҶСϵ̨ϵ۷׷ף㲻Ϲôˡ
ĺ̨ϣӿϹҰȻվĿǲмӡϷʵĶǰһƬյأһƬյʲôһ㣬ҶС羲վʮ֮ΧΣյķΧҶСֵĻһ赲ϹҵһΪѰζ벻ͨԭ


1042 صĺ
ĺ̨ϵһĻ˵Ŀ⣬Բ̨ϼҵս˵Ȥܶ˶ڵͷ̸¡
ôûҶС硣ĺ̨ٴδϹҵǰ˵ϴŵЦݡ
ǿ̨ôˣµС߻Ϊˣ죬һĻ̫ˡ
һĻҶСżǸսʱֵһĻս˵Ĺ죬ͺҶСĳһ㣬һʱ䣬жȻżڴ뿴һεĽֻô
Բ̨ϹҺ˿ĳͲͬǰһĻǸղһ޴ĹڽҲɢҶС˫زһʹӣѪһзװյĽޱȡ
ҶСǿľĻþ˵óⲿеĻþһֵģֻҪעһ¾ֱܹǣʱֵɢʱ򣬼ʹһЩ΢СϸһҲע⣬οһĻϹڴһĻ
˵ʧҶС繹ĻþУ˵ԼʧԼĹĻþС
Բ̨ϵĿѾҪȫɢˣҶС綯ˣûκεף˲ʧϹǰ׼ѾõһϹҵӡȥ
ϹҾȵŴͣû赲
ءϹҵ嵹˳ȥһڹȵѪһأͬſĶ÷ޱȡ
䡣صԲ̨Եֻһ͵ȥˡ
ʱѾˣһƻڵľ֯
ܡܡôأϹ˫Ŀʧȥ˽࣬૵
ʵ벻ͨ⣬ոҶС绹Զһ˵ӣǣͻȻҶС羹Ȼǰûһ˿˵ӣޱȣʱˣûжҪȻܵ˺Сһ㡣
ҶС˵ųǰ󣬳϶ܹ֪ΣշӦȻҲᱻҶСУԲʧȥսѾȫʧȥսǰͻһ£Ӱ˷ӦҶСŲȡֶΡ
ǰɣô׾ͱһƣ
Ϊһսܾʣǣû뵽ȴβġ
òõİɣҪȻղϹô᲻أҿ˳ɶǡ
˵ģѵҶСϹʲôϵɣ
˽𣿡
̨˵ԽԽףϹһȥ˴һұ졣
⻰һû˵ֹͣҡ
̨һֿһĻжҶСһΣյı־Ȼ˵ڻû׸ղô£֪ҲһֶֹΣֻǲΪ֪ˣľ
׼ԼȥҽȥҶСһߵ˾Ϲ׵ĵطӸµĿԲ̨ԵϹҡ
ܡôϹҺûҶСĻһ㣬вϵ仰
ãͻȻ䣬бʣһ³һѪֱҶС硣
ΪֻһڶҰ·߶ѣ᲻̨ϣڿҴˣǿڵҲĶ֣һһģղʩչĹӦھֶΰɣ
Ϲ֮ľͻָ˹ҶС΢΢һ㶣ȻͻָĵϹһһˣ治򵥣ͬ˵ģһûһ򵥵ġ
Ҿ֪ӣص湻ģЦһΪֻͨ߶ѣ䡣ϹԳһЦ˵ǰĻֵͣŴ˺ܶࡣ
صҲ綼֪ҵΪ򵥣˲רһìܳΪľǺұԣڹĹУȻΪŭʵϣ侲רöֶӣӶֵĹҳҶС
ϹгһĨ֮ɫĿҶС磬ѾεĹˣô쵽ģ
ղŲѾ˵ˣҸղʹõĹھĹ𣿼ȻҵľȻǿαװܹӵùҵ۾ҶС練һ䡣
ԭˣղŵֹȷʵǿҸͷֱ治Ҳܻо˵ȿȿȡһεıԻܾˡϹҴЦһ
ҶС翴ϹһۣһԼλȥ֪ϹҺܲ򵥣ڵֵʱϹҺѩսУϹսˣȻû٣ս߰һһСǼ˷ìܣ
һʼʱҶСֻǻɣڱԵʱҶСͿˣ񹦣˵仯ȫܹ˲֪ϹҵıꡢſȵȶαװģڸղҶС繹þԼ˵ӵʱϹſĻ̽ԼǲˣԼĵ
˵ʹûϵղŵһҲˣʤȻԼҶСġ


1043 һս
ʲôҶС˼Ϲʱһ⣬ûӵô
ûʲôֻǾһÿһֶ򵥡ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ѵղϹҶ˵Щʲô̺ʵ
ϹһˣҶС粢ûлش⣬Ƿһ䡣
ϹԸ꣬Ϊſխǳ԰ЩǴӱϿģֻܸоЩԾӦòֹô򵥣ΪóȽаɣǳǳһЦ˵
ĸоȷʵȷʵûбô򵥣һϹҶصôοһĶ֡ҶС絭˵һ䡣
˼˵Ҳֹôˣ̷һ䣬һ˫ӿҶС硣
ͨ⼸˽⣬оʵ㣬ûʲôҶСЦЦ˵
ҶСĻгõЦݣһΪҲ˵صĺˣղʹõʲôĹʽǻþ𣿡
Ŷ㿴ҶСʵ
˵ӦǻþҵĹʽɣǡоԻõ˸оԼǵһƬأӸղϹҵΪϿӦþǣûвĲҿʲôĹʽдɻҶС硣
֪ҶСǹҳһ˿ʵ
롣գһ۾
ҿ㳤ʲôӣҾ͸㣬һһõĶҲ˵ҶСЦĿ̡
ǻˣܻ֪ġ̵˵ȻĿͶԲ̨
̵ӣҶСЦЦȻŤͷߵľܿŷǧڵ̸ʲôҶСûȥҲĿͶԲ̨һ߿սһ߻ָԼȻһսûˣȴ˺֮ܶޱȣ̶ȺͺܺãЩ߲֮ġ
ֵսϹҵսʱһʱĸԲ̨ϵĸ֣Ѿҵʱӿʱʱһ𣬸ֹâ䣬
һÿһ˵ʵΪǿᣬҪսʤ֣Ҫĵʱܳʱս̨ϵİּҲˣϵ۶ˣģĿȴж־ȫսȻ
һ̨ϣԶԽսԽͣǻһ˿ѪҲò磬ͬûʲôܹƿأȫŵϢ
۳׷飬ܹңȴԲ㣬ϳһ˿ƣ˵սѾˣûгʲôʧĻԶʤ
̨ϵĶкͺͺ˵ս֪ʲôÿһζԺ䣬Բ̨ںݺݵĲ֮ûбΪʥڰάԲ̨
˵սƺƾУϸĻֶܹʤһΪѾ˰ԽǿĽÿһζһ鷳ȥٳɶܻ࣬ᱬģһ¾Ƕȡʤ֮ʱ
Բ̨ϣַ˶Խƿ˿ǻɽĶع֮ﵽľ磬ʹƣȻܹĻӶ
䳤ֲ·ȫ˱ըڹʹϵʱ˫󶯣γɶصӡеγɸֲֿʽԵС
˵ս䳤մϷ磬忴ʹõĺܹԶ빥ֻܹͣع䳤շӦҪǱ䳤ջ񣬿ֶصӡͻᴦ壬϶һ˿Ĳ԰ףĹȵ󣬷䳤ոûһ˿ı仯䳤ȡʤʱѡ
̨ѩѩ˺ѩһįûóһսҲˡ
Բ̨ϵĲӰѩֻ޵ķΧƶнɫķâԷ໥⡣
ͻȻһԾ˶ҪΪһڵ㣬ҶСоҪֳʤˣȫͶ뵽Բ̨ϣûйעԲ̨ϵս
޵ȷɵԾֻϴǸСڵԽԽ󣬵ȵԲ̨ʮ׵ʱ˫Ųϵ̤ٶԽԽ죬䣬µĿռ䶼һ㡣
ꡭһѩĽĽΪģԲ̨ϳѷ죬֩һ㣬֪ѩԵѹж󣬰ɵĹжôĿֲ
ѩǶһ㣬ΧĿռ䱻̧̣ͷĿ΢΢һɫâһţִ˽ϣһ̼䣬̨Ϻܶ˶ס˺뿴ѩĽ
Ȼ䣬ûһ˿ףһɫâŷسʱĹâããһƬʲôࡣ
һâֻһţƴûпһ㣬ʱѩӣһѩվĽڽ֮УȻơ


1044 һս
һս˭ʤ˭ܣһʡ
ҶС绺ջĿ⣬Ѿ֪ˣһȻ˫Ŀ׼
С磬˭ӮˣһԵľܿ㿴ҶСӣʵ
ѩӮˣ˰ɸղǵһ˿ѩĽǿ졢ֻҪһ˿ͻĻᡣҶС˵вɵ̾ѩ۹涾
ɵĹľܿɻʵղŶԷĹﶼܹоĵһҲǣΪĿǰ̫ˡ
ܰɸղŵǵޱȣһƬݶ£˫ѭ̤ںϵĲǵмһ˿覴ãѩĽܹԭٶȹɣðɷӦҶС͵Χ˶ҶСĽ͡
ҶСһУ˾֪ҶСܹսʤһĶ־ԲʵһĿⲻ˭ӵеġ
սͬҶСԤԶСȡʤ
ָԲ̨ϵһսѾȫڶսѾʼһ̨ŷ컪ͳȶս̨ϸĺ̨֣̺ϣĺ̨̨࣬Բպͺѩ˪
ҶСֻǵĿһԲ̨ϵˣսѾŲ³ˡ˵ڶսЩУֻøĵǿ˲٣˺пľУҶС絹Ǻܹսʤʵǿɹ£ľǿȿ˵̵ɹߣܹ֮
⼸սҶСûйĹעĿڶྫޱȵ֮Ѿ˵Ĳ۷壬ʱҪͻƣڸϽȻһͻƣʱ򣬰ʥͲĶ֣¾ǳʥĸ֣Ҳ֮ԿһȻ򲻹Էܻ⡣
Сʱ󣬸Բ̨ĵڶսѾȫʤĸŷ컪ġ̡Բա
ĺ̨ΨһûбԵɢսϹңôʱ䣬ϹҵѾȫָˣ϶־Ϳһ˿ʧܵӰӣһ̾ȷʵǿҶС֮С
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻ䣬һ𣬡һһ£֪ҲĶ֣һҪһԡ
£ҶСŵһɻζ⣬ûӵֶصĻ㡣
˫ĿĿӺɳ㣬ĺԲ̨Ͽ
ҶСվһվ档
ȻҪһǾͿʼɣҶС絭һЦ˵һƣ˼ж֡
˵ͷһ˫ͬһĿĹâųЩЩ֮
λĸ֣âƣһȦȦΪɢȥԲ̨ĺԲ̨ɵĹΣһɹƢĿС
սŻ㡣ҶСЦЦ˵
һ֪ˡƮƮ죬У֪Ǵĸϴġ
ղֻЦһ䣬Ȼ֪ЩеĻܲ򵥣ղһڣоʮëſԶȥζ˲䣬񹦣Զתڵһͱȫˣ»ָ
õĶȴǱž޴ɱͬԽƯŮԽΣһ
ͻȻһʴҶСǰľ磬֮£ҶСƶףոͣʴһǰһ󹥻̺ſֲľ˱УǹɿֲľֱڱըǸ˵Ҳͬһʱ䱬ը
ҶСĹɹеȣαãղסΡ
ôһ㹥ֻôһĻǾ̫ʧˡҶС˵һ䣬֮ڻûгʶһĹֳֻĹֶθͲܶ˺
һ¶ûУƮ
ûУĻйȻдԻ֮ϧûáҶС˵
ٽһɣ˵Ļո£ӰҶСΧÿһ˶黨ЦͬӣʴͻأҶСǰҶСƣ˸ʵʵ
ǻӰûãû뵽Ѿ־硣ҶСЩ˵ͻȻ䣬üһơ
ƱŷʴȫѣЩʴΪƬƬ꣬ÿһƬǷĵһҶС繥
ҶƮ㡣ҶС˫ּٻӶӰһأЩƬƬȫҶС飬Ϊ˾ɢ˿С
Ƴ˶ԷĻ꣬ҶС˫ֻûֹͣԽ죬ԽԽ죬ȴԽԽͬһƬƬƮҶ̺ޱȣܹգء


1045 һ
ɢҶС˫ĿͬһĹâŷǰɹζ̴ͨ
Ӷ˫ͻȻͣͻӰķӿÿһӰж̺ϵ
ȣͬ˺ХֺƳϼɣɢ˺ڰ˹ɹȫҶСƳĺԲ̨ϵһж¶˳
ҶС羲վԲ̨룬վھҶСʮĵط棬裬˵λá
ǿޱȡ˵һ䣬ĿһĨʣ趯һƬëˮ䣬ȹڣķչһּµ
趯ΧĻԽԽ࣬Բ̨϶ǻ׷ɣӰĻʣƽҪʧڽ˻һ㡣
ŮɢһӰͻȻʧ׷׻ûӰ
ҶС΢΢üͷʶչ鿴ΧһвԲ̨ϸûӰѵԲ̨ϣ
ͻȻ䣬оһΣյϢڻӽ
ĿһҶСȻ̧ͷֻϼװָ״ĻƮȻ䣬ÿһƬж̺żɱͬİһ㣬еĲʴҲ׼ڹؼʱ̸ҶСһ
ҶСȫƴʢƺƵɽϿյɫâγһ֣İС
֮ơҶСȵֱΪɫһĳɫŷѹϿյĿγһ޴İƣŻµȥ
׷飬ƴգռ䶼һͨ
ͬһͻȻʧԲ̨ϵĻܼҶС֪һǺԲ̨ĳһƬмϵһ˲ƶԲ̨ϡ
ĺ̨ϵҶСս趯һΨ
ҶСһƣϣ·ܹɽ壬һƴˣҪȻһƵƾԿˡ
껹ڷ裬һֻֻƤС飬ҶС˫ĿһɫâԲ̨ϵĶӲ۾
ҶСҰУʮͻȻʧͬʱһɾഫҶС赲ǵʧˡ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣Ȼָ˹Ϲҳһ˿Цһ죬ǰǰĿռץȥ
ǰĿռ䣬һֻҶС˹ǡҶСץȥͺǶԷײҶСĴС
ҶСεץסȻȻһӰͻȻ¶˳ŸղҶСҶСײȥ
㻹ܹײңҶСǺһЦһַֻһ͵Ĺâǹɾ޴ĳײ֮
һײҶСĻУʱ䷼Ĵңˮľƣһ˫ͬӺݺݵĵҶСһۣյ˵ſҡ
ӣҶСʹֽ֮ɴ
ҶС罫ɴʱ΢΢һ㶣û뵽òȻȻԤϣջһ
ü㣬ͬ£Ŀ΢ˮ¡￴˺ϲСɣһ㣬΢¶ٺŲʩɫ糯ϼӳѩ໥ӵ˼˶
񡢷۹塣ҶС粻һ䡣ҶСᱡ֮գҶС֣ԼɴһֻҶСĳ˺˿ҶСǸ󻵵ڶš
ءҶСʵʵİһƣһһѪǻУû³
ӦʱԲ̨ӰӰʧˣЩ׷ɵĻҲʧˣԲֻ̨ʣһˡ
ҶСŤͷ˿ֻѾصλϣĨɴѾڵסǾգһ뿪Բ̨ȻҶСʤˣȻܹȡʤһսʵҶСѰ
ﶼղԼôô󵨾Ȼҽ˼Ůӵɴѵҵĺôأ
ô£·ʲô£
ӾȻˣղžʲô飿
̨ϵ˿һصλгʣ֪զ£֪ҶС翴ӵգǿˮܹҶС
ղԲ̨ϻ׷ɣͿ׷ʲô飬һļУһҪ¸
ҶСһص˿̨ϣǸĿһȻԼıϣ̲סһѪ˳˱ϣòޡ
Сˣôˣľܿ㵣ĵʵ
磬ҪҪҩˮҶСߵĶСԼĿڴóһɫСƿ
ŷǧҲǵĿҶС硣
û£ֻһСˣһͺˡҶСЦЦȻ˫Ŀ뵽УпЦѣ˼ŮӵòĽǰһơ
Ȼ³ѪƱȲء
ҶС³ѪһĻȻ̵У˺ܶ࣬ŭҲɢ˲١
Źâ˼ôһ£ʵ֪ģҶСʵҲܹ³һ֣ΪҶСĶ֣һ¶ûУҶС練ˣȷʵûһȴ䣬ԴҲ벻⵽ôһ¡


1046 ֽ
ҶС״̬ΧûȥţĬĬصȴҶСĻָȻֻ³һѪľܿ㡢ŷǧǵĲѡ
ʱ̨ϵսѾҵʱ򣬴ԼСʱҵʱԲ̨ϵĳսʤѷ֡Ѿ˵峡ս
һҵսҶСʱڶɹڵȫ޸ãٶһֱΪһ˿ʱ˫Ŀһɫâһš
ˣҶСո˫Ŀ߾ʹľܿĵŷǧҲĿͶ˹¶֮ɫ
ţǵˣǺǣһҶСЦЦ˵ͻȻ䣬۽ǵƳԲֻ̨жԲ̨ϻսԲ̨ѾûӰɻʵıѾˣ
Ѿˣ̨ϵսѾһˡľܿ͵
°һû뵽ѾôೡսҶС̾һ˵
սͷˡʱ˹
ҶС翴ȥֻרĵĿԲ̨ϵսûпһۣɵʵѵ㻹սһ
ĻҲԡŤͷĿҶСһۣȻͽĿͶԲ̨
ҶСЦһ£Ҳ֪ԼôС椡
㣬˵һԲ̨ϵսҶСߵľܿ˵
ţһ̨ϣԶһŷ컪׷顢ȡŲѩڶ̨ϵĵһǸģڶǶУǺ͵ս
ŶҶС˵ͷʱ̨Ҷ޻֣ҵսţ˵ս൱˭Ҳκβ˭ڻ˾˭˭Ӯ
̨̡ϡ䳤ա塢ꣻĺ̨սС㡢Ϲҡࡢһɢޣ̨ϵѩԲաɡѩ˪һɢޡ
ҶСĬĬĵ˵ͷϹҳһ˿Ц⡣
ǲѾ뵽ҶСϵЦݣľܿʵ
ɲǼ䣬ҶС͸ܵʮĿͶˡ
ҶСѹ˵Ҫ͵סŶ
ҶС仰͵ǱĳԼѾԤϵսĽ֡
ѹֵ˵̿ԻõĵһϵһԴ˹żɡ
ҶСһЦʱҲϹģûв⡣
Ҳġϵ˵˿̨ĿͶҶС磬ܹ³Բ̨ϵ˭ܹȡʤ
˵֪һ䣬סҶСѵĺ·
ӦҶ޻ɣҶСε˵ܵΧ˵ĿͶϣϽ˵һ䣬ҲҪΪʲôһִĸоûԭ򡣡
û뵽㾹ȻָоС磬ܹܲһЩ̵ֵ˹Զͬо
ҿ֪𣿺ܶ˵ʵڲ֮䣬ս̱仯޳˭Ҳ³ôҶСҡҡͷ˵
ҶС⻰Χܶ˶һҶСĴﵽĳ̶ȣΪѾһֲֿľ硣
ô˵ǲǿΪѾ˵Ϊ͸ˣ̵ٴδһ䣬ǽ۳һ˿ߴݹģûΧ
ҶС粻ЩŮˣͱ˶ԻĻյļ׼̽ȡ˵أȴһ˿֮ġ
Ҳ˵ܶ˶ֶΣһԶһһģѩҲʲôֶΡҶС絭˵
۹Ϭȷʵһ㹥ֶΣǰʹó¾ǰŪˡ΢΢һ̾˵
ʱԲ̨ϵ˶һƣ϶ҲˣһõѾˣմѪҺҲ֪ԼĻǱ˵ġ
һжʤΣ֣ǰҶ޻˵
áҶ޻˵ͷ
÷Ӱ֣һһɫâɲǼ䣬ΧһͻĿ֣Ӱͻأʧ
ҶСĿһԲ̨ϵһУ֣ûʧ˷УƷеʹߣ׼ŸϬĹ
Բ̨ϵҶ޻۾һķɵСһɿֲͻȻϮʱҶ޻˫ĿһõĹâų漴еķɵѾʧˡ
һ࣬ͼǹûȫȥǹɿֲһײϡ
ءҶ޻˱ѩϣһѪ³
²Ĳ׼ȷ̨˹
еĺòȥ֪ˡҶС絭һЦ˵
Բ̨ϷͣˣȵҲɢˣҶ޻Ѿվǻһ˿Ѫ֣һɬ϶һĨѪۡ
ˣû뵽ķɵѾֵز֣˵
ĻҶСΧһνĿ⼯ҶСϡ


1047 ǲǹ
ͬҶСҶ޻ȡʤˣܸղҶС˵ĸо˿ҶСĿѾͬˣһսеѾҶСһΪǿޱȣҲû˸С
̨ϵҶ޻֣˷ԼλǵϤĲɣ֮ٴ𣬡ֵսѾһѾԼźΣûжԼеˣ
û˵ûκˣһµ֣Ҳһֵı򣬵ֵıУÿһĵһΪµĵһ飬صһ̨ԴƣһֵսʽһֵһԼսһγΪܹ໥ʶһԼСĳԱλǽҪԲ̨ϡ
£ʮȫԵԲ̨
һ̨ϣҶС硢Զġ̡Ųѩ˳˵Ľ㣬ʣһĹھҪе˭ܹһٶأ˶ڲϵز롣
û뵽ܹߵһҳǰСˣȻΪ㲻ҵĶ֡ԶһȻ֮ɫ˵·µףһе䡣
٣ѵΪܹΪһһ֣ҶС練һ䡣
ΪܡԶ˵ͬ־ǶԼʵľţƣʤڶһһ
̨Ϻܶ˶ĿͶԶһĽͼʡ
ŹȻã̫˾ͳſ񡢽ڵʵûе˵仰ʱУ˵ʵ֮ϣȻ˵ƣҲͬ˵ơҶС絭˵
ԶѿɫҶС絭һЦôţʱ֪ˡ
˵ܴ˶ȫˣһ˼շתͷ֪ʲô
Ѿ໥ʶ˶ԷֱŵʽʼڻСʱʱ䡣ʥǿߵٴ
ʮʥǿ뿪Ҳһ뿪ˣ뿪ʱҶСо˺üŭɱĿ⣬ż֮˵ģղҶСĻ׵ļŭżҵˣЩСҶСûôںֻһˣŲ
صݺҶСľܿŷǧصǵıңɽ˵ıǰ˽롣
߽ȥʱɽŮɻĿ֪ʲô
£һµĻʵ
еСһ¡ôŮ˿ҶСое㲻˼ͻȻ䣬Ƥӱ˺ܶࡣ
ʲô£˵ܱ䣬ȫû͵
Щ㣬ǳȥ˵ôҶСǸĿһ˵
ԥһ£Ȼ˳ȥ
ˡҶСԱŮӿ˵һ˳ȥ˱Ů
ǶҶС֮䷢ʲô£ҶСԺǾ;е㲻Ծѯ֮£Ҳûʳʲô
һɽϣȻ񾲣ƮƮȹ΢΢ʢˣ̬ǧһӡ
ʲô£ҶСĽŲʵ
ǸǸ´Ǹ⣬ϣ㲻Ҫ⡣ҶС̬ȶĵһǸ
ǲ⣬ġ˵
ҲǹģʱɼͽҡҶС׼˵ĻתҶСһ
֪˵ζʲô𣿡źʵŭ
ζʲôҶС粻ʵ
ˣ¾͵˽ϣ£͵ʲô¶ûзضҶС˵
ðɣҶСεĵ˵ͷ
𣿡ٴʵ
ûˡҶС߹űȥ
ıӰҶС̲סһ䣬С㣬Ĺֶ̫ˣܹһʵһ̨ס
ߵŤͷĿҶСһۣ˵һ䣬лȻǰȥ
Ϊɲ⣬Ȼʦ˵Ļһģһһ̼䣬ҶСʵһֱ۵ʶ
뿪ҶСҲűȥҸһ£ΪʲôҪɴһɴ˵ζʲô˶кģҶСҲ⣬һûҶС£ӡ
Сʱ֪͹ȥˣڶ糿ıһûеʱ䣬˾ѾԼλϡ
٣ŵʱûκ׵ľͳˣǵʼһ仰һӰȳԲ̨ϡ
һ̬ԶڷԣĿ£ؼֻΪҫۣһеĸ֣Ȼ
ʱԲ̨ҲӰԶûп˵սĻһ̬ĬĬĵȴԼĶ֡


1048 ȭ
Բ̨ϵ˶ѾվԲ̨ϣһ̨ȻֻԶһû˺һս
ãһӰƮƮɴӿ̨Ϸ£վԶǰһȻظġ
һεսҲûоˣǼһսɣĺƽ˵
ҪѾսһˣøˣҲˡԶһЦȫϢŤͷҶСλã˫Ŀ磬ҶС磬㲻Ҳͦ˵ҲĶ֣һս
ԶĿͶʱҶС͸оԼҪˣȻˣԶѾô˵ˣԼֵĻǿ϶ᱻῴ͵ȻҪ˱Ƿâ¶¶âʱ򣬾Ҫ¶
ҶСһԲ̨ϣĿͶԶһս
һøİɣҾͲˣĵΪǿɲҪʧԶҶСһۣȻصԼλϡ
Բ̨ǵȴҶСģû뵽Ļ֣ĵĳ뵽ҶС͸սһԼܹ˵һЩơ
͸һսоҲʵҶСȻ˵Ļʵ϶ǿ˭֪Ƕʲô֣ȻΪſ񡢲һҲ֪֪˵ĵ
ǸСԶ뿪ıӰҶС粻м˵
ܹоʵǿϣܹʹһսĿҶС˵
ǵҲҲ徲ΪʲôʱҲôϲսҶСʵ
ǵ徲ΪǸΧĻıڰ͵ĻУǾǶԾƵңˣѪıԻУǾաĲ䷳ΪҶС͵ļá
ǵҵˣ˵ĻŵǺߵģҲëҶСǺһЦ˵
ҶСĻĲûһ飬ɫƽ˵ǿʼɣ
˵꣬˲ͺΧһںһʣͬҪˡ
ҶС簵棬治򵥣Ȼ˵ΧںϾںϣûһ˿ȻĸоȻشȷʵ
ҶСư磬Բ̨ƺƺƣͬۡȹ̽ԵһƣǰĿռǰѹһ㣬һĪΰɢ
ڿռ䲨̫ԵʣĴ״̬½Ѷ̤ĪĲܿҶСĹ
Ȼǿƾһ֣ͱԶǿ󡣡ƽ˵һ䣬˫Ŀ峺͸ƿһСԾŹ֮ǰĪ⣬˫ؼ汸
ƷҶС罣üһ˫ĿùâųİƷۺϰټѧƷ
˵꣬ȣ˫ƻĳʱʱ缲籩꣬һؽһصӿαӿХ಻Ϻˡ
Ȼ˵һ䣬˫ֻӶٶȸǼӿ˼֣ĹȽϹ㣬ĶΧγһصƷռ䣬ҶСĹͲܹһ㡣
ơҶСףо˫ͻȻһ䣬ָ̳һɫųٶȼ죬һӾ˸ΧǸƷռ䡣
ӿȵ˿˸ģŲæɫƽˮԶһϲӣ徲Ϊ
ŤתǬĸ֣˫ֻĹ켣Щӿǰȫ˫ƣȺȻƳɿ񱩵ղŵֲѹ˺ܶ࣬
ҶСǰ̤һƴֱ£ǰĿֳ룬Щ񱩵ҶСӿûյֵ˺
Ȼֻ̽ԵĹչֵսɺӦúܶ˶̾磬νϸھɰܣһֳ˵ǿΪ
̨ϵԶòҶСΪ
ҶС͸Բ̨սѷᣬĴ̽ԵĹйɵʵıƴ
񱩵Բ̨ϺŰ籩ҪһƬռ˺飬пȻȫӰһ㡣
̫ս˲֪жٸغϣô䵱ľ̫֮һɺ嫵ǴبŵĹʱӿͬǴӲãӿںУƻԣһС
ȭһȭܵһǿҶСһôûʹùսб¶Լ츳ߵЩϹŶ֪Լ츳˭֪ʲô
һȭԵޱȣһеûʲôܹ赲һ㡣
ȻǰȭǹϵʱʧսôӵУ
̫˼ˣȭȻ
ѵǻЩϹŶڣ
ҲѹΪ¶붼Ǹǰ̳ͽܡ
Բ̨ϣʮʥֿҶСʹóȭﶼܲƽ
̨һЩ֪ʶԨҲ˾κˣߵ˽һȭ


1049 ˵Ĺ
䡣һػǳըӿԲ̨Χ̨ϵ˶ܵǹɱĿֲ
ӿ񱩵дÿһ˶
ȭȭϺҶСڿ񱩵˵ΰһԵ£ħ٣ħϣ޿赲
Ǿص𣬿񱩵ľҶСϺеһҶƼɫе㷢ףһ˿ѪӿУ˫ĿŵĹ֣󡣡
׻ȸ䣬зɳҶСȵȭߣϵ
ҶСֻȭı仯̫֮˭ʤ˭ѾһΣչֵ̫֮ҪȺԶսʱչֳǿĶࡣ
Բ̨Ƿжһ󾪺û뵽һսȻܹﵽˮƽѾ쾳ˮƽͰʥֵս̶ȼ൱
ԶҲƽΪԼԿõһĹھڿֲû˰գ֪ԼǷܹס˵ĹҶСİȭǰԵƣµ̬жһС
һԲ̨ϣɢ֮ҶС͸Զ˵·񱩵˺ѵãˣĿеˡ
ٽһСĿҶСƽ˵
áҶСȻͦһֵӣƽ޺С꣬ڵһߵӡ
ǽࡣһƴ֮Ƭռ䣬һȣǰһһǹǹƴԽ˿ռһ㣬㣬ƺǻӿڡ
诡ٴ̤һһǹ⽵¡
ᡣ
Ȩ
⡣

ҡ⡣
ÿ֣ǰ̤һһǻԾͻн£߸߶Ĳӣǡγһǵзʽ
ʱǰǹӲӣͬǿе飬嫡Ī⡢ءΰһ˫Ӷǳɫ
ǹһϡ쳹أּ⣬ֺֽգһͳУǹҫۣǻ۳ɵĳȫ£еǻԾעеĳС
ǳԽʵĳһ󾪺е߶ܸе̺ΰǿصǵֱԻһС
̨һڶඥֲòϣǾԽӲһԶоԼӲ£ɫе㱡
˵ģȷ˱ҵʵߣѾûٺԵıҪˣĬĬкܲģǣĵĹҲò
һʱʤʲôֻһ·߸裬˲ܹȥĸĳɹʥʱò˵̬ܺãһĵһԵȻû٣սȻ
ĿͶҶС磬׼ҶСôһгʣһҶСܲܽ£ⲻҲ˹ͬ
նһ֣صУ˫ֱֱֳֽնҶС硣
ʱҶСоΧĿռ䶼ˣǹϵΰѾôǹΰ
˶ͷɫâĵҵҪһжôǿ
һһȻγɣǹΧռ̵ĸо˲ʧݣͻȻ䣬αģˣΧҶСӰǶͬһơ
ơһҶС磬ͬʱһȭգΧеپ£ȭͷϣһеȡˡ
һȭӰ϶Ϊһһȭͷ
䡣ǻǹĲ֮ƴ̨Ϻܶ˵϶Ѫ˶ʧʧϵ
ЩʥĸֶӴײһ𣬺໥ײһƥÿһƥж˻Ե
ЩƥӰ죬Բ̨ϵսòֹͣЩȫȫչǾ֮ɫĿһԲ̨
Щŷȥʵ̫ˣΧĿ̨ᱻȫݻ٣ʥǿ߳ˣһڵѷһԲ̨ΧγɣЩֲȫӿڵѷС
Щѷ£ʱԲ̨ϵɢʱԲ̨ҶСȻȻվɫȴ԰ޱȣѪѾԲ̨ϣ˹ˡ
䵱䡣һһӰԲ̨ϽĴˣһʥ֡
ҶСһ£Ѫӿһ£Լıϡ
һսˣƲǺأղǿײϣл赲ʱȻһ󷭹˲СĴˡ
õģܵ˲ءصϵҶС翴Χ˵ĵҶСǺһЦ˵һ䣬ó͸ҩҺ˼ΣȻ˫Ŀʼڵơ


1050 
һޱȵսÿ̨ϵþòƽһսԲ̨ϵսȻʧɫ˶û鿴ȥˣζڸղ졢սС
ҶС͸չʾĹѾԽǵײĻ֮¡ɨ˻ĵƣӡС
Ӵ˿̿ʼû˵һҶСҶСΰ󣬰Եķˣ˵ͷ֮ȥþò
һ̨ϣҶС͸˵սӭ˵ڶսڶѩԶս
ܵһսӰ죬ڴţڴһִǿӾ
һʼս̽ԵĹ̽ԷĹٶȡӦȵȣ׼ЩʵʽĹҳ㣬Ȼá
̨һЩ˿Ȼζ¶ʧɫȻ󶼲רĵĹۿսˣԵгĹھȵ⡣
ҶСΧŮĿͶҶСϣ¶һĨģӵ
ľܿ㡢ŷǧͶС㼸۾һգգĿҶС磬гҶС⣬Բ̨ϵսֱӱˡ
ķӹҶСͻȻˣǸСƿеҩҺȫ˿УţϵһȦȻͻָ
ΧĿɿڴŵĿһĻѵͲ°ԼűҪִ֪޸ƺͻָҩҺ̺ſֲÿһҲķ֮һѣû뵽ҶС羹Ȼֱӵȥˣ廹ûбֳκεĲʡ
һ뵽ղҶСԲ̨ϵı־Ȼˡ
ΪԳƶϡ̵֪ղŵսҶС粻ǱһֵʵѣھĹûʹóЩ˭֪ûĹֶΣĽھҶСصԽԽ࣬ڲһ㣬ǿҵĺġ
ΪҲܸҸͲĶ֣ɽһҪˡ˵һ䡣
Ҳ̫ǫˣ˭ֵ֪սûóȫˣս鷢ʲô飬ôͻȻ䣬Һܺ档Ťͷ˵
ҲĶ֣ʲôֵġƳһ˵
ҼǵˣǴһսͺ˵Ī֮䷢ʲô飿ٴ˵
ô롣Ļ䵭ͻȻʲôһ㣬ĿͶ̣ߵúܽǻмĪ
ֻǾȤûòԴˣ
ԸֻǾȤҪȻɵδҪˡת˻⡣
Ͳ㵣ˣҪע㣬Ѿˡ¶һĨЦ⡣
˶ĬĿͶԲ̨ŮĽ˭Ҳûκε˶ԷҩҺȻҩЧܸߣ̺޴ޱȣոսЩҩҺȫڣ͸оһɳҺǿȺͶȶܸߣǿҪȻ»ᱻǹӴű
Ӵ޸̼ϸתΧе֮׷ױڣһЩҲգԵУǴΪ֮ʱ̫֮
̫֮ҶСڻ㲻ûлϾָ˹
ԼʮӵʱƾѾȫָˣʣǲҲȫ˳Ϊ̫֮һ֣ЩӴ̫֮иһˮ䵽˴УûһӰ졣
ֹʮӺ׵Ļָˣ˴ﵽ۷״̬˫Ŀâ͸ĵսֻǱˣΪ岻ôܵ˷ɣٱ񱩵ײһ£Ĺ˺صˣֱ˻ԡ
ҶС˫ĿʱоʲôĿⶼͶмʣо塣
ţͻȻ䣬ܵһɱ⣬ŤͷȥȥûзκٿѲһ£ĿŲϣûв´ĻղǵĿһģԼչֳʵѾƿأҪɱԼѾˣӼᶨ˳ȥԼľġ
ҶСѾ񹦵۷壬ʥ֮£κˣֶλʲôûչֳʵڲֱӭ췣Ȼɱķ
Сˣƺˣ˼֮ʣľܿ˹ǵġ
ģѾȫˡҶСЦЦСֽġ
С磬ҪСһ㣬ղкüĿж⡣ŷǧ˵
ģµġҶСŷǧһĵ
ҪСһ㣬֪ʵǿ󣬵ܲκˣΧĻΣˡŷǧüͷ΢
ףģ׼ĵĻǡҶС΢΢̾һ˵ȷʵһ˵Ļ򲻹ܣľܿŷǧͲͬˣڻҪһ취


1051 սѩ
磬ǲǵһЩһ֣㵣ĵĻͺһǶ¼壬үүͼλڣһû˸Ҷ֡¶СգĴ۾˵֮ɫ
ǺǣܲһֱǼ壬οһҪѧأҶССԴ˵
ǷΣհС¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫһ˿֮ɫ
õģԼġҶСǺһЦ˵
ŶС˵ͷ
ȻСһƬģ϶ȥģⲻΪ¼ڱԵʣһ嶼ΪȣղһսԼѾչ¶ǿʵĸ嶼֪ԼʲôҶõȭ
͹¶С㡢˹ϵǲԼ˶˵һˡεĻس̣Σգ˵·һοỹûн˵廹ʲô
ӵҶСŤͷĿͶм˵ллҩˮ
ÿʹҲ㣬ģǷһ顣˵Ƴһ̡
ãҾǷһ顣ҶСЦЦ˵ȻĿͶԲ̨
Բ̨Ѿ˵ڶս˿̨ϵսҶСص㽫ĿͶһ̨ϵԶѩϡ
⼸սǱֳֶΣͲԼĶ֣ǿ϶һЩֶΡ
ԶֳսˣȺ͸һսʱսҪǿܶ࣬ǶûжȫǶ׼Լһ۵սϡ
ľһӣһܵУҶС绹Ƕ츳ǿнΧ£˹Щŵֵס˶ԷĹȻҶСʹ츳ʱ򣬲û˾쵽Ϊ߶Ծ£һΧڵе˶ΪҶСһ⹥
תۼ䣬һ̨ϵ˾Ѿ˷ʤĽ׶ΣԶѾΪǿĹ
һֻ۳˵ϻޱȣݣֱҪˣԶһȭĹͻлѩ˹ȥٶȿ쵽˼£۵糸
ʱѩˣһĨ׹һšʱҶС΢΢һ£¶һĨЦ⣬ĵ˼
ֻڵͻ˲䱻ն룬ԶǰһۣѪҺȾĳۡ
ˡѩ˵һ䣬ȻɵԼıϣ˷㶵Զ
ԶüҶСһۣ·뵽ʲôһ㣬һɫеѿصԼλϡ
С磬սһɣȻ֪Ķ֣һԺ֮Ĳж󡣡̵ҶСС
ҪұԣҶСŤͷʵ¶һĨЦ
ţġ˵
Ӧ֪ɹûãܹҪȻûκȡʤĻᡣҶСε˵
֪һԡ̽ؿҶС˵
һִŮˡҶС˵һ䣬˵ͷðɣ
ǵսҪƺˣĶˡһЦ˵ͬʱ΢΢һҶСսȷʵһնûУԣҶСľ۵ʲô̶ȣھҶСܰɣ
̵ĻҶСЩɻŤͷȥֻһϮ£˳Ⱦѩվ̨ϣ¡һ˫ĿضԼŵâ
Σɣô䣬ò뽫浽һսɣҶС
ܵѩĿ⣬ҶСкΣ֪ѩս˭ղź͸ĵսֵ̫ҫˡ
ʱ򣬿̨ϵҲѾע⵽һ׷˷ѪҺڷڣǶڴҶСսȻһϣҶСҰܵĳ档
ҶСվߣһʮߵԲ̨ϣһ־ˣʥֲž߱û뵽ҶС羹Ȼӵߵ
̫ɧˣҪֶξͺˡ
ǰĽ
Ҳֻܶݵߡ
һﵽǴģôôǿ
ʣͬʱҲڴҶСֶΡ
ҶСղвѣҲ޶ˣ͵һ㣬ģȻе˶Ѿע⵽ˣԲٵ͵ߵ볡ҶС뷨
Ǹ쵰̫һͷˮվ̨ϵҶС磬಻м˵ȻϱֳмӣȴҶСȷܷɧȷʵټζӵС
һԲ̨ϣѩҶСվǰִ˽ϡ̨ϵ˶һɻ룺ѩҪʲô
ѩսʱսȻ´һ͵ӣֻһ̵ʱַڽȻȻʤǵһοѩַڽϵӡ
սҵĽ˷ܣܹ˷ܵͬ꺮ѩ˵ˡ
ΪרźһսҶСʵ
ѩ˵ͷ
ԶʵҲǿôȫһսҶСʵ
ǿңûҵĽ˷ܵĸоѩ˵


1052 һ
Ϊͱʵ׼ںһսȫӳҶСһƵ˵
ѩû˵Ĭˡ
ְɣҶС˵˫һнĶѩѩִڽϵʱҶС֪ǲ鷳׼Լֱӿ򣬲ҪЩ̽Թ
ѩһ¡˳Ⱦִڽϣâһͨһ㣬ҶСҲǷȫϢŶԷ
˾ͺľͷ׮Բ̨ϣһ˵ľȫУһȴѵĳʱ̣һʱ׼ŷ˵սѾʼˡ
һͻȻ䴵ѩƮ磬ҲڶҶСԳһĺڷҲڶ
ʧƴûгһ㣬ʧ˲䣬һɿȻιҶС粻Ծգһ۾
һ˲䣬ѩˣһ׹Ȼư׺գҫأһͬâҫۡ
ҶСȻ֣ǸоǱһ֮´˺ķâ켣ʵڱ֮£΢΢һ࣬ȻһƽУƯ˿С
˲䣬һɷâۻһ˼µĽ߲ûз
ӹ֮վԭλá˵Ľڵʯ֮䣬ʥֺһЩΪǿİʥĸ֣˶ûпʲô飬ֻܶ˰׹һȻͻָǸûзʲôһ㡣
ʱҶСѪߵһƺڷҲ£Ǳϡ
㿴ˣѩҶСʵ
ˣֲôû˿ĽԭûаγҶС絭˵˸벻㾹Ȼܹ˳⣬Ҳһѽ
һ仰ҶСǴģ˼ҵܣûбҪ˵
ҶСĻΧ̨ϵһƬȻûаγ˼˵ѩĹֱýʣʵ̫˼ˣİγжôֲѵǸղŵ
Զɫܲÿӣǳӣѩս䣬оԼѾˣΪԷսڷܣûڷܣ˵ѩΪԼͲĶ֡
ܺãܺãεҼˣһҪģ뵽ҶСһ˼ÿһ˶صĺܹսʤĲֹˣȷʵˣһѩһһҶС硣
żҵĽȻ£صҲͦġԲ̨ϣһʥǿ߶һʥǿ˵
ǲѾ֪𣿡żֵ˵
ǶԼԼȥżĽ֪һ£ܲܶùһˣǸСһ治һͦ۹ģ˹֯ʥ˵Ϲҳ˸Ī΢Ц
˹֯
ǵģôѵ붯ʲôԽɣ
ôأǶǻĵߣӦ֦ͬô顣ʥǿһȻ˵
ʥǿߣһӣһϼһˣһһα޳֮һľ棬ٲЩ϶ҶС֡
ܰѾˣʣµľҪˣ˵Ҳδһ£
̨ѩĬȻվ˵벻ΪѾֵزˣ´ս
ãĽȷʵܿ£ֽܹýʹóûܹùҶС˵
ýʹóͲǱɱһˡѩ˵һ䣬ȻصԼıϡ
ҲǡѩȥıӰҶС˵֣Ҳ׼صԼλϡ
ʱһòҵȻɽȣһϧˣƮ
һӰ̡
㲻һͺһսҶСһЦʵ
ȷʵˣӦûĶɣҪҸ㼸ӵʱָҪҩˮ𣿡գһĿͬһ
ˣȷʵûĶǿʼɣҶС˵һ䣬
ȻѾսˣôҪ棬ܶԷ˭ֻҪվԲ̨ϾĶ֡
΢΢ףֻӶһֱ٣һָſ֮˿߱ųÿһƿܹ֮͸һС
˿߽ҶСĿռ䶼ѾҶСôܣҪһ˿ڱҶСֱӳ֡
Ҳãҿû˿ô͡ҶС˵һ˫Ŀ΢΢һУЩ˿ߵ˶켣ȫҶСҰС
ץ˿һӾͱץġ


1053 
̺֪ҶСôһ㣬ָ΢΢˵֮Ӱ˵ҶͥҶСųҫ۵ĹâȫܸҶСκε鷳
Щ˿߷ʱЩ˿ĶһҶСӶҪҶСʵʵĲס
㻹óĹֶΰɣֹͲܶɰ˺ҶС˵һתֱһѾֱ۲е˿ʮ㣬ûѶϡ
ԶҪСκιҶСһĻУֲ˿ߵٶȸǼӿ˼֡
תۼ䣬ҶСͱЩ˿סЩ˿߽ҪҶСС顣
ֹȷʵ첻κӰ졣ҶС絭˵һȫųɫâЩ˿ߺܽһ㣬ȫʧҶС
̵ɫ΢΢һ׾ͻָЩ˿ǧһɵʵ˿û뵽˲ͱҶСһֹ֣ۣ֪ȷʵܹҶСκ鷳ˣֹĻȻ˷۱
ֹ㲻ãΪ㵯һᡷ΢΢ӶЩ˿ȫջأдŰ֮ɫĿҶСһۡ
ҶС΢΢һ¾ͻָղһ˲䣬·𿴵˺ʫԹĿԼ
ܹӵһ£ܹӵ赸Ǿ͸ˡҶС絭һЦ˵
ûκͻȻһ䣬ֳĮɵʧתһǻͨŮӡ
д˰ˣԵóǽ壬̲ססϧһο˵Ůӡ
̨ϣܶ˿һĻ˽ȥӪķΧڡ
һ𣬷·㣬Ҷ׷ɣݲ죬ؼһƬɪ˵ͷһĨ
ҶСûʧֳĻУͻȻ䣬һؼ£γƮĻҶĿݲݡ
ͲĻҶݲݣɱ֮УÿһƬҶݲж̺ǿĹ
ҶСһɹȻֲޱȣȻѾֹ֪ޱȣȴû뵽ﵽ̶ֳȡ
γɵĻҶݲݣ˳ֳĻУ֪
ĵЩĻҶݲݣԲ̨ϷҶС繥ȥ
ҶСһҶƮƷӪķΧƷ˺ö౶
ӰЩΪĻҶݲײһγΡ
ҶСȻ֣ȭգһȭϬĹУһͨƥľ̳ͬŭĺǻơ
ɫ˿䣬һֱ٣һֲҡ
һ䣬˿ûӰ쵽̺ĳ⾳
ŵͤбĬĬһѷŮ໥˵˵ʱĶһĻչ˵УǺԹһ㣬֤һ
˳һеʱһԲ̨£γһϵסҶСĹ
ʱֻУΨĻʵԲ̨໥棬Ҳ뵽ǸУͬǣҶСȻ̵ܹڡ
ڿչǿƿ״̬ôΪʹƿˣò˶Ҫ״̬УֻҪĲʧС
һ䣬ȥӰµˮʣͬʱҶСϮ
ҶС˫ĿⱬȫڣһȭһȭЩԺ䣬񱩵Բ̨Űķ˵˿Ӱ졣
ʱҶСѾ˼֣ԷĹԼı仯仯ܹپġ
һᡷȷʵ񣬲սУȴû˼͡ҶС絭˵һʽȭ
һȭҶСͽȻһ䣬ɽӵİһȭɽ飬ռ䶼ڲҪҶС֮¡
صһɹ˹ȥ
û˼ôһ±׳̵ĻֵٶԽԽ죬߿Ѫɱ֮
һȥǲξˣһ䣬ףֳֳìоսһѪڵĹɱ¾ĺȵһսĳ档
ͻȻһ˳ǹˣһת˱ʹеҶСоһ˳ǹǴԼһ㣬·Ǹˡ
ҶС֪ⶼǻþĿһȭεɢʧ̵ɫһ֡
࣬ȴġʹ࣬˵ȴ꣬ӭȷʵһʬ壬ʹʹ࣬ǰǾӨˮ·ӡУȾˡ
էӿƥ·˻ӿҶС硣УҶС绹ܹ͸һУȭͷȫΪɫӶؼ䶼ȭӰЩȭӰȻʧڽҶСȭͷС
ɽѣ֮޾ҶСһȭ֮Ĺ໥ײ䣬ܡ
ֹͣһᡷ꣬սҲֳʤ


1054 
һᣬÿе飬һʹط꣬öÿһ˵飬̺ɱмܹأ
ѾֹͣɻصƬأ̨ϵ˻ڸղŲУһĻ桢սѪսĻ桢˼ʬĻ棬ͷ֡
֪һЩжˮ˵ˮЩ˵ĳ
ʱһԲ̨ϣҶС羲վɫЩ΢΢԰ףܵǿҵ𶯣޴󰭣ǰһذȹ뱧٣һĨɫɴ׺Ŷ̺죬ͬ˼÷
û°ɣҶС翪ʵ̵Ľ΢΢ղһƳ̵ĹʹܵˣϵģǾϵġ
ϵƺܺûָϵȴѻָ
û¡ҡҡͷ˵ллҽһᵯɡ
лҲɹûóרŹɡҶС˵
ѾҪˣʵܹƳ̵˵һˡ
˵꣬һ鶯صԼıϣҶСһһҲصԼλ
һ⾳΢е㲻㣬òȻ̨ϵ˶ˮǲ֪ʱ򡣡صϺҶС˵һ䡣
ûлشڻָԼơ
һԲ̨ϣ˵Ӱʧܾú󣬿̨ϵ˲ŷӦ˹ӸղֱʹĻ߳һɺ
ʱǲᵽɵĿ£Ȼ鲻Խ˽룬ֱεĹ
ղŵս˭ʤأܶ׷Ϊߵ˴
̨ϵսѾˣѾûһоľˣǰҶС͸Ŀ񱩵ġѪڵս̺ҶСɱεսսչ˸ֵ̽쾡¡
սп˺ӡۣ֮ȥڿսԵûһ㾫ʵĲ֡
ҶС̱һ̨ӭµһսĺѩս
ʵ൱ϸĻҪѩʵǿ˵ĹͲͬóڴΧڵĹѩǵ㹥
սҶСΪߵŮ˵ţÿһֵ˱ʺӦôȥӦԵȵȡ
úһ̨˵ķֳʤѩʤˣ˵սһ̨ˣų̂
ͨսԶѾʶԼʵˣг˲ͷһε˵һѵҪСκˡ
ں˱ѾûбҪˣ͵˵һЩ֮⣬ѾôҪˡ
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һ̨ϵսôˣҲѾ˳ҶСΪһ˶ĿͶҶС磬ŲͬĹâ
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ʱ䣬Բ̨ϵսŽʥѯһ£ûȥսˡ
ͨೡѾԼʵҲ˵ʵжһףҲûȥսˡ
¡¡һ죬Բ̨ͬԲ̨Ϊһ壬γһ޴Բ̨Բ̨ƾհθߣߴΧıɽʮɡ
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С飬ʣʹҲ˵ʱȻ֪ʮ⣬ʮһʮ߽ҩҺƿСһʱ䡣
ǵĽҪСЩεĽҪĶ࣬ʱǾ֪ˡ
ڵǸдʱ䣬ֻʮսֻҪǿ̨ϵˣǿսÿһֻһսסҪ˼һ
ʥǿߵĻɱȻһɿֲϢƴ֮Ͻ䡣
˻˵Ŀ־塣ǵϢֻͣ˼ӵʱȻʧԲ̨£ָ˸ղԲ̨ĸ߶ȣԲ̨ͻȻθߣγһСԲ̨СԲ̨߳ĴԲ̨ʮɡ
д似ʼʥֵĻ£һӰԲ̨ϣǺҶСǵŲ
ҶС磬ս
ͻȻ䣬Ųը죬ƴķನ


1055 д
Ųصɽȣ
վԲ̨ϣڷī裬ԣӴɢеΨһеһжʧȥɫʣһ˫ĿضҶС硣
Ų̨ϵ˶ĿͶҶС磬ڴֻһһĹھһһĹھ֮便ܹĦĻأ˺ڴ
Ŀ֮£ҶСӱվĹâųһ㣬գֱֱŲȥ
ž˵Ŀײըˣûʽд裬ֳƾľ˷ܡ
СˡľܿһҶСĴ֣һĵӡ
ģҲµģҳ̫ˣʮ꣬һôʹѾҵŮˣԼŮίΪһ֣úÿô֫ϡ
ҶСĸһľܿľӣһŷǧĵȻһǽ䣬һɲǾͳŲǰ
Ұװ׻ʮʱ䣬ҵһŬΪޣŲһɾɱҰ
˽ԶûкõĽʮǰ㲻һŮķԣ¾֣Ѿע˽ĽһжҵġҶС˵
ԸһĹܹһϬŲ磬˵
Ȼ˼ǷûΥ򡣡һ仰Ųġ
ȻôֲֻķʽҶСЦһм˵ûκι˼ɵĴ˵
Ųɫ΢΢һͻָЦһǰ̤һ
¡Բ̨¡¡֮Բ̨ڴͺǵؿ˶
̤һһµƱŷе˶Ҫؼףһ˫ۣ֮ͬûʲôܹӹĿ⡣
̨ûһ˸ҺĿӣŲأԶһƲ̫Զˣֱһһ¡
ҵ򳡣һҡŲ˵һʼԼ򳡾չ·ҪԲ̨У䣬Բ̨һض֮УеյĹϽ
ûҵܹѡһһҶСȥԲ̨ĽŲ𶯣ʼ䣬ȥԲ̨⣬޴Բ̨һ֡
ŲƣһϽھܱȡ
˿̵ҶС֮ȣֱͬө£̫ˣһЩ˲ΪҶС絣һЩһ˷ܣϣҶС类ѹ
̨Щ˵ĳҶСչ֣ǳһ˿Цȫɫâƴһ⡣
ƾʥѹңΪô۸ʲô㣬ǸҶС粻м˵
˵꣬һҶСΪĿʼӣչʮɵľ롣ռ΢΢Բ̨ԵĿռ䣬ͻȻѷ죬ꡭƾһ顣
ŲԲ̨֮ϵʧ׵ķ˿ʼ󶼿ʼСˣһɽͻȻΪһС
ҶСֱӽŲ򳡼ˣͬȾ磬ߵ򳡺츳ߵǼߣһôûС
㡭㾹Ȼ򳡣Ų𾪵ĿҶС硣
ԣûдﵽʥǲ򳡵ģ츳ߡضҶС˵
ŲĻ̨ϵо˾κˣһͬһ㿴ҶС硣
ʲôҶС羹Ȼ츳ߣ
ô˵ղϵսһֱûжȫ
̫£ֱѹһһͷ
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̨ϵ۷׷ףһ֣ҶСǸ֮ɫȷʵ̫ˣǸͲǶ֣ǵһĨᶨҶСΪĿꡣ
ûҶС֮ûչ¶츳Ϊ˴ʱȻֻչ¶һҪȻ϶ᱻЩϹﶢסģڣ͸оԲ̨ϲĿ⡣
츳ܹô㻹Ѳ˲ҰܵĽ֡Ų˵ϽĹھ̬ǲһת˲ָ־ᶨޱȣǲױҵġ
һȭɱǡŲһƸ죬һȭɫâȭͷϱųһֻĥ̴Сͷ۳ΣҶСռ𶯣̺ޱȿ־塣
໡һǺ˶˵Ĵ̶Ϊ͵ˣһӶǺסˣ嶼ڷɫе΢΢԰סŲһ־ɱУֱʹǿĹд裬ֱҪҶС
ҶСŲһۣ˵ҵ򳡣һҡ
ǸղŲ˵ĻҶС˵һһ飬ֱڴŲ


1056 ս
ֻͷſֲ뵽ҶСС
ҶСΧʮɵĿռݺݶҪһ㣬ҶС򳡱ǿƵס
״ҶС粻ŲæһƳһ֮ŷһ޻ţޱȵͷײϣ˽룬ҶСȫ
ɢҶСһ䣬֮еĹȫɢ˴ɢؼ䡣
ʵȷʵǿֻǿʼŲ˵ڷ裬أһħƴƾն£һΧصƣ۶һԽ£ֱʥԽ˵ļޡ
ҶС򳡵ѹƣŲĹ˻ޱȣսݣ졣
ҶСɢȥ򳡣Էֹͥܵˣȭɽ
һȭΧƥЯ֮۳һȭͷһƵ
䡣޴ױ֮𣬺ƺ޼ʣ졣
񱩵γĺ쫷ΧԲ̨ܣ˵ȻΡĸɽжô񱩣ܹ嶯ֺ
Ⱥǹ衣Ųһ·ŵ⣬һȭͷĳֹӰҶС籼ڶð˵Ĺâڡ
ҶСһγɣ飬֧ÿһ֧Ӳ羫Ǳ۶ɵģȴɢŽ
ȥ֧ƿ֮ȥһͷͷӰ̴𣬻ޡ
ǧˡŲٴδһȭһһأ۳˺ƴƣЩȫȭ˿ҶСϮ
ȭϺ
ȭ
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Բ̨˵սݱ֣ÿһĪ֮·췢ŭ³ͷ񱩵Ͼƺһ㣬ͬХ
Բ̨ϵս˿ѪҺڣ۾һգգ´ʷ׳ʵĴ򶷡
䡣һǳըԲ̨һƥ͵ӣԲ̨Եһֵ֣סǿӣʥǿ߳ˣԷֹЩ˺ˡ
ҵУ˵嵹˳ȥ³һѪ˭Ҳû뵽ҶСʵȻôǿ󣬾ȻŲӲƴ
ҶС츳ÿһι򳡶ԷĹƶԷٶȵȵȣֶֹΣãźŲǿһս
ŲһĹھ죬ս˫ܻǰʥΪȴһЩʥֲеĹֶΣÿһޱȣս
սڼܵԽԽأǺȫûвһ㣬ŶԷ
ڴ򶷵ĹУҶС羫չһĻþ۳һõҶСλãǱ뵽Ų࣬ƴ׼һ
ŲһȭҶС۳ǸӰһ˱һֲĸоȫĵ֮£û˼ȭæҲࡣ
䡣嵹˳ȥһڳѪһȭǴæĹֵܹסҶС׼Ѿõһȭ
ҶСһѪ͵ϮʽĹֻܹһΣһζԷ϶׼ʱܵҹ˵Լ
оŲеŭ;ҶСʹö
ҶСĹֶʤгһĨ⣬ȥʧܵĸܹܵˣѵҪֹͣսܲʡ
ʮŬȫڶܹܵˣɱҶСʵԸƽеŭ⣬սĻҪʧܣΪһĹھʧܵĻ˻ôȥìܲѡ
ʱŲңҲЩɢҶС໥ײļι·硣
¶˾ģһ˵Բ̨ԵĶҶС磬ʵȷʵǿڴһս
˵꣬һɵԲ̨ϡ
ҶСҲûŲʱ˶ǰ˺صˣԼŲսһ¿̨ϴİʥ֣ż˺ŷˡ
ҲصԼıϣո£̵˹һƿҩҺ
ллҶСм˵һ䡣
ôҲŸо˺֮Ĳжô޴󡣡̿ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ҶС絭һЦû˵ʲôһƿҩҺȫ˿УָԼڵƣһԵľܿΪҶСߵѪۡ
صԼϵŲɫѿޱȣʱѾ侲벻׸ղԼôˣžľȻˣӱܵͷѾжˣʹҪսҲֲԼ
֪Լղһô޴顣


1057 һɽ
С壬ҩҺϽȰáŲɫµʱһԵԶĵݹһƿҩҺС壬ȽϾأĺܶ๥ֶζλСڵģ˵ุʦ
ŲɱأҶСѾεĻһţƽһԼľӹԶݹҩˮص˵ʥҪȥҶС磬ʵ̫ǿˣֶ࣬˷ʤǸղźһսУܸоûжȫ
ôǿѵС㶼Ķ֣Զŵʵ
Ҳ˵Ķ֣ͬƴһսĻܹնɱҲԶˣղźһսҾȻˣʵ̫ЦˡŲԳһЦ
ȷʵ£ҪһնҪȻɳżҵһСŲкųһڳһƿҩҺһ޸Լơ
ԼСһԶǼᶨ֮ɫʵжǿһģ
ҶСŲ뿪Բ̨䳤ճԲ̨ϣ͸д裬̨˵ȤѾȫĥˣûм˵Ŀ̨ϵս
һΣҶСܵ˱Ƚأ˺ܶ࣬ҩҺΪҲ֪ʲôƳɵģ̶ʮӣƾѾתȻһĴѾûκ
ҶСһ߶һĺ쳾֮ҶС˫ĿѾСʱˣԲ̨һԡ
Ѿȫָˣ˫Ŀʱ̵
ţѾȫˣлҩҺεĽһһƿҶСм˵һ˵
һƿҩˮѣͲûˣʱҼҩˡ
ãһҶС絭һЦתͷʱһʹд
ȥľܿšһ£Ƶʵʲô
Ů˶ţȻԼŮ˶ȥͱŮ˴Σǲ뽫󹬣ľܿ㽿ĵҶСһ˵Ƿ֡Ķ˵ӣֱˡ
˵ֻѣû뷨οѩǼ黹ûнأﻹŮӡҶСЦһ˵
˼ԩˣľܿҶС˵
ǡҶС˵
ľܿҶСһۣȻŤͷŷǧ˵ǧ⼸첻ǣߡ
šŷǧҶСһۣ¶һĨЦ⣬˵ͷͬľܿĻ
ҶСһǸļһ˵ĶԻ̶У
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үүһȥģүүˡС˶һ˵Сͣе㲻˵
ΪүүԲŲȥٴ˵һ䣬ȻĬ
磬ôԣǲǲˣСһ˫۾ģỨҪˡ
ãһΣֻðο˵ֻҪүүͬ⣬Ҿһȥ
Ҿ֪ˡеĻСһ˫۾
Լ˶ʮӵʱԲ̨һдڽˣҲζһѾȫˡ
ʮʱ䣬һĿȫǰʮһ֣ʮʱ䴦飬ʮҲ¶ʮţʱȻ˸ϵȡܷ񣬲ĻֲϣǵʱҪڡʥǿߵĻ˵ʧˣʥǿҲʧˡ
ĽҶС羯о̺ɱĿ⡣ڻ𣿡ľܿʵ
ҶС˼һ˵Ȼرݣս˾еˣһٻȥ
ľܿŷǧûʲô˵˵ͷ
ҶСص˱ݣݵıϣࡢϡ̡ԲպһȦ
ڲɽȥҶСɻʵ
һɽɣ˵
ҶСһж֪ǵ˼һɽĻ£ǳְæ
ˣҵ飬Ҳ֪ܶ˶Ҫҵ»˺ǣҿ»۵Щ֮ĹϵҶСҡҡͷ˵
Ҽǵڿ̨˵ѣ֮Ӧ໥˵ڴֻҸˣ޹ءһ˫ҶС˵¶һɼᶨɫ
Ҳһᶨӡ
ӷҶʩҷԵҷָԲպҡͷԵ˵
Ǽ˼ᶨӣҶСɫ飬ҶСˣʱҪҰæʱ˵һһᾡȥǵġ


1058 Ҫ
ҶС磬ŷ˽ڣҶСǾ仰˵꣬һƴ죬ݺݺݻζ䣬ݺҪһ㡣
ãҪˣǵøϽȥҶСɫһѿޱȣЩ˸Ͳǽŷǧǡ
ơҶСһ֣һݶʱը˿Ӳıѩһ緢
ҽըıѩ׷ʱ¶ҶСһ˵Ӱ
ŷӵֱӱıѩˣǸûκηΪֱӶ˹ȥΪ͵˾Ͳˡ
ûⶼҶСģȻǶñݱôҲôͨŷЩһЩѵ
ҶС磬ŷˣŷһųʵĿɱȻƺƴΪѾ˰ʥ
ŷˣѵ뽫Щ˻˲ɣҶС绹û˵ȿʵһղ˺˪
ŷĿϸȥࡢϡ̵ʱϽЦǸһ⣬Ҳ֪ڱڡ
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ôһʵôҲһʥĸ֣ʱΪ͵Сйʱе㲻á
Ҫסǵߡǳǿ˵
λС㣬仰̫˰ɣǸղѾǸˣοǲҲŷ𣿡
ҵġǳƽ˵
ڸղŵ飬ĵǵǸǧŷˣ黹ϣǲҪ֣ŷļ¡΢΢üһ۳ȥҶСˣĿд⡢һ˿ɵ
˸ûᣬվš
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ҶС磬ҪΪһһĹھͿΪΪˣ㣬ܴЩǲ𡣡˫Ŀź˵
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ҶСĻɫ΢΢һ䣬ضŷǧ˵ǧģѾ֮ˣ
ѾСˣϣǲҪˡŷǧƽ˵ȻĿͶҶСĿ顣
ҶСס֣һЦ΢΢˵ͷ
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ʱǸɽĺʱ򣬺ܶ˶Χ˹ǿϷһ㿴һĻܶ˶¶ֻӡ
Ҫϱܲŷ徹Ȼ˽֮£ֻҪĵ˶ֹġҶС絭˵⡣
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û˵ķݡҶС˫Ŀ磬ųһ˹ȥļµҶСȫĳһơ
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ߣȻ˵ҵ̫˵仰ʱȽŷЩ֮ȫϴ˵ҶС˵
ҶСѻ˵ŷʲô֮£˵ĻݹǲʵȷʵǿҾͲһܹҶԿŷ壿ʵ
㲻֪ɣӦŷĺˣ㾹Ȼ֪ѵѾŷųˣҶС仰ν񶾣ԵȻ֪гһ˿ãҲһж룬ǵʲô黹ǣ
ʲô˵Ҫŷ塣
Ҫ˵ҶС粻ȷ˵ʱŷǧһҶС֣ĵĿҶС磬ҶСһõĵ
˵һ˵йеŭҶСһƣʲôʹʹ˵ĥĥ治Ǹˡ


1059 ̫
ʱμ˶Χ˱ɽڴĿһĻǶҶС羿ܹϳʲô
ǣʮʥǿҲйע£ǶɻĿŷʥǿһۡ
Ǳңŷûʲô飬ǸС˵ȻһҪҵŭ𡣡ŷʥǿ˵
֯ʥǿüͷ˼£ҲҶС˵ʲôôסҶС
Χϴ䣬ŷĺŷ컪֪鴫ȥˣŷ˶ˡ
±ܽеģ֪˼٣ҪŷΪ԰ڣҶС硢ŷ컪ŷǧǶ֪
໥һۣҪֹһķϧѾˣҶСѾ
Ҿ˵ˣɲҪҡҶСװһ޹˵˸Ǻˡ
ŷ徹ȻҪϱ޸ŷģðѵŷ岻ģࣿҶС練ʵ
һƬȻʲô£ǽɵĻŷΪϵļôܹ顣
Χ۷׷ף̸⣬ŷ˵ǳЦ
һ仰ŷңȻ޹⣬նޱȣǺҶСУҰܶ飬ݺݵһܵ˴˫ش֮£˶ˣһ
ŷ컪һ֮ɫĿһ˿
ʥǿУŷʥǿɫѿޱȣɱˣĿҶС磬Ͳ֪˵ҶСѾˣҶСûκ֤ݵĻһҪҶС統ɱû˸ŷϡ
ʥǿ߿ɫѿŷʥ֣ɫͬ
ģҶСһ˵˫Ŀŭ𣬺ݺݵĶҶС磬ֱҶСˡ
㲻ңҸղѾ˵ˣѾŷųˣҪȻô᲻֪ȥŷģһ׿˵ģ֮û˿Դǧļ岻ҪҲգǧӴ˺ŷ壬ŷ֮κιϵҶСʵء
ǳĴŷ泹׶ˡ
ҶСѾ˵ŷģô붼ˡ
ҶСĻʥɫѿޱȣ˵˻ŷҲһǺ޲ֱڸȥ
ŷô£̫ˡ
²ҪؼǴ˳ȥ
ûв͸ǽ´Ӵ˺ŷ˶ûˡ
Χ۷׷ס
ŷʥǿߣĿһɨͬ磬һӽĿŷϣһץŷ˲ͳǰŷĵʱһӱˣġ
ʱޱȣΪеʥǿߣȻͲ֪Ժο֮£һ˦ŷӵԭĵط¶һĨ֮ɫ
вһ壬ֳǱ˴˼꣬û뵽Ȼ飬֪
ʱĬĬȴŻɽҪһŭȻŷĲԣǣһǰҶСԲҶСѾһ̣Ϊϵ⡣
ŷȻŷ嶪ӣСҲͰˣֵĻݹҲ档֯ʥǿ˵
ߡŷһһ䣬ʧˣŷ峹׵ĶҲûȥˡ
ʱѩڣ˻ڷ׷£ŷĺϷ
Ҫﶺˣɽȥɽȥһɣ֮Ƭؼ
ˣɢȥһɽȥ
С磬û뵽ôͣȻõεĹھ̫ˡһɫ۵֣ǱͻȻҶСǰҶСļһ£ҶѰվԡ
ղһĻ̫ˬˣҪСһ㡣ûǸŹǶӵˡ仰֣Ǳ˵ġ
лѣ⼸һֱûмǣһΪѡҶСЦЦ˵
ôأһֱңܣ˵ڲŬǲˣҪȻĲԽԽԶҾˣҵĿ꣬Ǻܳʱټˡ֣Ǳ΢΢һ̾˵
úһǻģټʱɲҪͷҶСЦЦ˵
һģ˵һὫͷ֣ǱһЦ˵ͻȻɫ΢΢һ䣬ҶС˵ڴңˣһҪأǧҪСġ
ҲˣСġҶѰ˵һ䣬¶ӵĹâ
ţҲһҶС˵ͷ
ȥıӰҶС̾һУʶѲ࣬ΪѣڵΪеܺһȥڴ˵Ϊ


1060 ·ɱ
Ƕѣ̵ͻȻҶС
ҵѣΪѡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ǺΣҲʹ࣬Ҫ㣬Ϊ̫ˣҲ˵
ܹоõ
ǵģ񹦵ҶС統Ȼܹܵϵܸղ֣ǱһģҶС绹ǸŨҵʹΣҶѰҲһȻԹ
æΪԼΪ̫ˣܹҶС磬Ϊۣһȥ
أʲôԭҵģҶС罫ĿͶ̡
˵ģѣҲ뿴ʲô˶ܡ̺ƽ˵
ҶСһмĿ⡣
Ƕǵ˵ˣűɽϵһȥãҶС翴̡Բʵ
Ѿкˣ㲻õġ䵭
ҶСЦһ£û˵һԵ̿˿ˣĹâԽԽ϶Բ̨˷ʲô¡
һ嶥ֻʣһаˣҶС翴˿˵߰ɣ
ҶСľܿһɽ±жȥŷǧѾ쾳ĸˣЩҵκβοҲҪĥһ£ˣûҶСæƾԼɽ
һɽ֮ʱʮ๫һɽϼʮˣһⶼϵĸ֣ʥǿͳһɫۣԴ棬ڶ֣ѾѩɽΪһ壬ֲɽ
ǻûɽ𣿡һʥǿʵ˫Ŀ硣
ûУĵĵȴһʥǿ˵
᲻ᷢ˸٣˵Ļǵļƻˡ
Ӧòᣬһʥ֣ʥأʥǿ⣬Ͳ˷֡
ãμƻɹһʥ¶֮ɫ
ʲ죬һѾһռ䣬ҶСһٶȼ죬ûö೤ʱܷ߳ѾûзУȻХŭ𣬼
ûиоڸ٣±еҶС紫
ţɽʼͱ˸ˣԷһʥ֣;жԸңǲ֪ǻóһҶС絭һЦ˵â
ûκηӦһΪҵĴ̿һҶС˵
ںڻüԷǿĻǶҪѩɽСҶС˵
ȻѾˣҾͲڡ̼ᶨ˵
ðɣһ˵һɳʵڹǿĻҴߣţǾʹء
ԥһ£ʵѵҪһ˶Կˣ
ţܲǸҶСε˵
ʵȫûбҪսǿ͵͵ȥֻҪ˴УҪ־ˡ˵
ЩҪȻǻ޳ܵĶߵ˶֣һֻҪʹǣǾͲ׳ˡҶСƽ˵ȴŨҵɱ⡣
ðɣҴӦ㣬һҪţҪȻǻߵˣնݲ紵˶֪仰飬ĳġ˵
ģҲģҪҵʥ֡ҶСһЦ
ڴı֡
±еҶСЩԾĿ΢΢һ֪ڴгһɲĸо
·Ǿ쵽Ŀ⣬¶һĨâȻܲԣǲǳԴˣ
ԴףߣôܣǲǶˣһ䡣
˵ľٶҶС絭һЦȻ˱ϿͺһԽã֪֮໥˭Ҳ˭ԵĴ̼ԷȻûеģһԩһ㡣
ʱ֪¹Է֪Ļ¶š
һ˽ȴɭ̵֣ĶҲˣ֮仹˭Ҳκβ˶ԷûռˡڱеĹУҶСǼ˶ڿҪɽˣЩѾ֪뿪ķ򣬰еǿŶѾûдڵıҪˣһնɱһߡ
ҶСմ˲ʧˣǶֲҶСľܿŷǧһøߴϣҶСİ£˶һľͷ˴һ֣Ϳ
ҲһǶǸһĵһˣĹ϶ӵУȴиԷ֡
иҶСһ˵ʥߺ󣬷ͻأʧˣһţ⻹ˣҪҶСһ˴ӱķȥĻǵļƻʧˡ
ϽҶСһʧĵطȥ˵ķӦ˭Լ˵ʧ󣬶ȥԷʧĵط鿴Ҳʥֳ׵ı¶ǰ˵ҰС


1061 նɱ
ҶС֣ϸĲ鿴Ű˸ղʧĵطӿռĲϷְȥķ
ѵǷңѾһ·ˣʥǿüͷ
ʱھʥǿ֮ԶϵҶС¶һ˿˿Ϣ
ǸʥǿĿһɨҶСȥ
ɱҶСȣһƵ£ϣǰĿռ䶼Ҫ룬ΧҶƾվ𣬸ҶСƵ棬һɫ
ʥǿ߻ΪѾԶû뵽ҶС羹ھôĵطҶСֲĹҪѾǲˣϽǰ˼ĻͬʱϽȥ
ꡭĻ飬һɷȵײʥǿϡ
ۡһѪݺݵ׷˳ȥն̼ܵͬʱ֣âãΧĹ΢΢
ʥ˻һȻֹ嶼ˣһصѪ⡣
һʥǿ˵ĺϻ֮£˲䶼ʧȥ̫ˡҶСŮϷ£һѰʥǿżҡҡͷ̾һ˵
ղɢӦǸոսʥûãҪȻҲ򳡶ûʹó˵
ǼɽཫĿͶҶС硣
ţϲĻɽһӲҪˡҶС絭һЦ˵
󣬼ж¶ǿҵս⣬ǺǽΣյó̵ĥҶС΢΢ҡҡͷ˵߰ɣ
ҶСһ˴ķǰʮ⣬һϿһߵĸɽϣʥһɫۣվķеɱԽԽŨҡ
ô˻ûϢҲͨѾ֡һʥֳ˵
᲻ˣ
֪ɳһȥһ˱ķһεļƻȫˣʱҪԸ¾ˡ
ãȥһʥԸµ˵
ҪˣǿʲôһʥǰָԶСڵ˵
˸Сڵ㣬ģӦþǣû뵽ǾȻˣ׼׼ʱ׼
ǲ𣿰иٵǸѾǷˣѵǲ֪ҪԸ֪ĻΪʲô򣬻᲻ỹ˵ΧǲŲ¡
Ӧòᣬ鱨ϵ˶һͲ˰ǣοǵжôǿǶ֪ǵ֮ءһʥǿ˵ǳҵɱ֮
ʱҶСһѾ壬һǰһ߲鿴Χ
ǸϿ幫ʱ򣬷ɱǰҶСͻȻͣҲͣĿͶҶС磬оɻ
ҶСЦһǻ濴ǣȻɳʮ֡
ܹ鿴ǣ̾ȵĿҶСʵ
鿴ܹоõҶС絭һЦߣѾȴŲͷˡ
жٰʥ֣ʵ
ֻ֪ܹоǵĴǸԵΪҸܲҶСҡҡͷ
Լ·̵ʱڱеҶС翴˼һ˵Щֻоʥ۷ĸ֣ʮ˵Ϊ͸ʲôڵסˣһսһ쳣Ҫʱѵ׼
͸ظһ䣬üŹâǼȻѾֶԸˣЩ˵ʵͶأҪȻֻȷʵһӲҪˡ
ʮ䣬ҶСһϿȵģǶٶǰȥֻϿȵվ۷ĸ֣һɫѩΪһ壬ǱǱһ֡
ҶСߵ˾ǰʮ׵ľͣĿŶԷ
һӣȻôңǱˣɣһȺͷ¶β󱲡
ҶСϿйΧıɽڻζԶһɽֱӷѩӴѩڣϿȵĵ涼𶯣Ȼ޷ֲޱȡ
һĹھȻȻܹǣ⡣
һߵӰƴһϿһߵıɽֱ֮ɶ£˲վǰ
ʥ֣Ǻǡ˵ѵȥĪôˣҶС粻м˵ϱֵʮֲмʵϣѾϿˣΧʮ˵Ϊʼ޷о񹦣ºѲǡ
㾹Ȼܹǣһʥֲ˼ĿҶС硣
ʲôѣһȺͷ¶β󱲶ѣҶС翴˿ϿܣѾоѾʮ˰Χˡ
ҶС粻ԶҶСĻüŤͷ˿ܣͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ʵҶС磬Χжˣ
ʮˣôˣҶС粻ʵɻôʧ̬


1062 ʮ
ʲôʮˣ󾪣漴һĿͶʥ֣˵ϲĻڰЩӦþʮˣѾʮ󡣡
ӹȻʶȷʮҲӦ֪ʮɣƴս־ܣ˵أǾԲ˺ǵģȻ⼸ĹھҶС⡣һΪİʥǿߵһЦ˵·еһж֮С
ߣ־ܣ붼Ҫ롣˵
ʥǿɫһ䣬ǸҪǹ˼ŻԼ־ܣȻǽǵȻǿɾͱĺˡ
ĸˣʹҲ׵㡣ҶСƽʵ
֮ûʸ֪Щò˵㣬ǧ궼ԳôһλţǶһţҪУʥǿſĴЦ
żҵ˰ɣ϶ˣҲֻżҵ˲ôƨҶС˵
ʥ֣ɫһ䣬Цһһһˣս˫ʵжôǿԴжô컹һָκ㡣
ɱʥִһɱȺɽɱһϿһƬɱʮҶСһΧƲÿһ˵ƾ൱ʮƵܺͣ˵ʮֲֿ
ҶСǸоһƬضˣ벻ȥռ䲻ڼѹһɽѹ˵ļͷ
תǳҶʮڵ˶оͻȻһ䣬ããУʮҫ۵ǳΧסܲ͸磬γһΪʵΡ
ۡΪľܿǿѹ³һѪɫ԰ޱȡ
ҶСϽסľ֣ܿһһȦͬʱֲõϡ
ʮ󷢶̫Ѹˣһ׼ûУΪľܿˡ
ҩҺ¡̵ҶСͬʱһƿҩҺ˹ҶСץסҩҺľܿһУϽˣƹء
˵꣬ҶС罫ĿͶŷǧŷǧû£һоѹԽԽҶС֪ȥǰ취Ŀһųһơ
һȭɫâȫֲȭܹɽ塣
¡¡ͷնˣΧĿռҶСȫһûƳʮΧصķ
㿪ͻȻ䣬ҶС붼ûľܿһʮס
ոƿһɿµĲղվλõմ¡
䡣һ޴ĹᴩأǸղѣֱӱǹˡ
ҶСжһ˿£мĿһͬʱҲһЩʡ
ʮһܹ򴩷㹥ȥͻᱻûһİգҪȥǶصķǲҶСеʣ͵
ǰɣѵǱǳ֣ǸɵۣҶСǳƵ˵
ǣǿԹʮǵʱ򣬹ᷴǣÿһ˵ʵʮǲǶ֡Ļһ
λǴˣû뵽ǾȻ󷨣ΪЩ˲ܳʹ򲻹ܲ⣬ʧˣӶӲˡ
Ψһİ취ǳǵƻûγҵƽİ취ҪȻɵȫҲ赲סˡص˵
ʲô취ҶСʵ
ûСҡҡͷ˵
ɲԽһʲôʮǴҿһ취ҶСһľܿڲһ˵
ʮǸݱʮǵݱ䡢˶켣󷨣󷨸տʱ򣬾ǷأΧһݱ䣬ʮÿһ˵ʵʮ֮󣬾ͻɱ֣֮Χֲǽйھһֵݱ䣬ɱҲʮ˽һ֣ٵ󣬻ʮǵǹǸ赲ס
һ֣֮ǿ϶ҪҪݱ䵽֣֮ǵΪٶҪﵽʥ磬Բ󣬲ˣʮĹǶ赲ס
ÿһжģûһ˾෴Ƕ־ҶСԺͷָİ취ְֻ취ˡ
עҶСʵʮǲʲôʱֹͣʲôʱֹͣ
ǣǲ뽫һֵݱɺֹܹͣݱĹ̸Ͳǿƣ󷨿ơ͵
ÿһݱܹö೤ʱ䡣ҶСٴʵ
һֵķִ֮Լʮӵʱ䣬ڶ֣ɱ֣֮ʮӵʱ䣬ֵɱܹһСʱһ֮ҾͲ֪ˡ


1063 ҶС֮Σ
ɱһСʱʱ㹻ˣȻ׼ôԸңǾ׼ɣҶСǹҳһ˿Ц
ʱڵһֵַ֮Ľ׶ΣֻļҶСǶܵĺɡ
ӣǲκ˾ͨʮ󷨶ԳΪеһԱҶСʵ
ǣʮҪСʼʮ˱ͨСһǳԷ˯Ͳֿһˣ󷨾ͻˣͨĸߺ󣬵ȻΪ˷ֹ鷢ͨʱ򣬶ˣΪ˷ֹķ֮ʮһֵļֵǾ޴ġ͵
ʲôɻĿҶС硣
Ҳûʲôƿ󷨣һʧءҶС絭һЦ
ƿ󷨣ʲôҶСʵ֪УʮҪƳԾǿУʮչֳ³ʥǿ⣬ǿ߸ͲƿҶСȻʵǿȴԶԶﲻʥǿߵ
ʱͻ֪ҶСһЦ˵
ͻŪ顣ƳҶСһ˵
ҶС粢ûнʲôԼ״̬ڻ֪ڶֵɱֵ֮жôǿ׼Ӳ
ҶСһ˱ΧʮʱĵӰھﲻԶ֣ɽءֺ͹֯ʥǿߣһֱעҶСһ˵Ķ
ʮĺպǶ֪ҶСһ˱ΧУɫһ䣬׼ֵʱӰǰ
ѵǼλʥǿҪǼС֮飿˵ȥɣҿǻǲҪŵĺáһɫ۵ŷһЦ˵
ŷǻ濴ǣȻʮ󣬿ĸѾͬˣǲһҪǵ֯ʥǿĶʥǿ˵
ǲܣСǵ飬ĿֹЩС֡һʥǿ˵żҵˡ
ǻûдﵽֲҪĳ̶ȣֻ뽫ǾȳҲ֪ˣʲôĺ֯ʥǿ˵
ŷһ£˵Ȼ֪ƳʮĻЩ˾ͻˣҲܽܵģģҶС⣬˶µģҪǵʵ
ƨϽǷų
Ѿʼתˣ뽫ǷųѾˣѾ˵ˣҶС⣬˶µģǵ޶ȡһʵǿʥ˵
ѵҪҶС֯ڵٴʵɫܲÿ
ҪѾ˵һ֮飬ǶҪˣܻˣҲܹǣҪ־͹ʵ΢ôſ񡣡ŷһ˵
ŷĻ˵ɫÿȥȣǸвͨԷʥֻ֣Ȼ֯ʥǿʵˣһʱ̻κβʥֵϹ
ʥҪֳʤü켸ҹսˣƻ˶ˡ
ŷ治һӣ֯ʥǿ˵бųµĹâ
ŷһ˿ɵȻͻָƽϵҲ֪ѽǼ˵Ļл͵أһ㻺͵ضûˣЩҪĶ棬ڱ˴ѵǼ˶ôȥɣѾˣûԳ֣־ĻǷ㵽ס
ŷĻΪûһ˿ء
ŷˣиʲôʧ⼸һͲҪٳˣҪȻһɱһȻûЩ󣬵ƴƣ岻Źκ侮ʯĻᡣһһ绪Ůӿд
ŮӵĻʥǿߵɫ˱䣬֪Ů˵ʵ໥һۣȻͬ˵ͷ
ŷɫÿ˵Ѿʮ˵ɱֵʱ򲻻Ǽ˳֣ڶɱ֣֮ҪԼǵʵһвΣա
á绪ŮӼΪ䵭˵һ䡣
ʱǼУֻй֯ʥǿɫѿҶСѾ˹֯˵µˣҶСһѣзŭѣҲܹŷеķŭ
ڼʹҲȲҶС磬һоҪˣҲû뵽ǾȻΪ˶Ըʮʥǿ
ʮ֣ͲҶСּĸܹģҪ졣
һоҪˣ΢΢һ̾


1064 Ƴ󷨵İ취
ããϿ룬ΪңһڣͿһƬռ䡣
ϿһıɽϣʥֺؾĸվϣɽһУָָ㣬Цݣһָ㽭ɽƣǺ̸η¡
ʮУֲΪɱУ˹ȥҶСΪ͵ľܿţŷǧҶСʵտš
ɣ񣬱տٺòˣܼУҶСտ΢еŷǧľܿ˲ֻľܿ㡣
Щֲÿһʥĸһʵǿֲ֮ͷ۵Щʵ̫ܼˣҺü˶ǵ֮Ƚ
ŷǧ֪ҶСһܣҲ֪๦Ϊͣ벽ޱȣ̵ָɵĶһ
Լ˶ʮӵʱЩԽԽˣֱͬһ㣬ӦѾ൱ˣʱ򣬻òǿֲӲһ¡
ܻʮӣʮ˵ֱǶ꣬ÿһ붼൱ǹһ죬ƣҶСľܹܿ΢һ⣬·˲üĿ͸¶ƣ֮ɫ
̲ҪעԼߵĹҪעŷǧΧĹԵúǱҶСкֻ̣ܲʮӵʱˣЩˣֶڻܹʹóǶƣˣʲô취
ͻȻ뵽̵ֹǴΧĹֶΣҹʮǿ󣬻ԳŹһʱ䡣
뵽С㣬ɹܲܳʮӵʱ䣬ܵû鷳һ£ȵ˵ɱֵʱа취Ƶʮ󡣡
а취ЩƣĿͽȻһΧ˵ĿҲȻ⡣
ҵɹֶοܳӵʱ䡣ź˵
ӷƶɮа취ӵʱ䡣Բյ
а취ķӡϵ˵
ãѾˡҶСɫһϲľܿߣǶۼһСֵһϢһ¡
ҶСĻһ߶һ߸˹
Ѿ˹鷳λ̵ֵƬ̡
˵ֱڱѩ֮ϣٷ˫ȣ΢΢һ£ַ˹ϣһ
һϲ쳹أ˷·˻졢һƬɱս
ٴǲɪ뷢ӣ˻ֺΰյաǧĺС
ط·һ䣬һĻĻо̵Ļǰս˻ǧһ׽Ĵºƺǰ
̵һֲ£ӣмһ֮أϢ
ɪ·ɱء
ѩ裬дУսǧ麮䣬ͷ­䣬Ѫаս棬˸˸顭ɱѪǻ޲󵶷ɱУѾ˸ֲ֣ۣ߳ȻӣΪ˵ֵŹ
ʱ佥ʧ̵ɫԽԽ԰ףȻѾ˲١
Ӣȥٺգ۹Ž£һЦųضĴʵһɱ֮ɣԲմΪ˵ֵŹ
Ѿֵˣʣ˾ͽˡ̿ҶС˵
ģֵʱһǳȥġҶС˵ˣղŵǶʲô֣
˵һ䣬ȻóһСƿһ͸ˮҺСƿɳУĿָ
ԲյֵЩʮֶأȫ·һӣ˰УֵЩֲĹ
ĳڷأսǡӡ֤Ǿ仰ԴȱΪ
ԼӵʱԲյλã˫ַɿ컮ɫâϴһ޴Բιֽ˰ϵĹâϵתʼմ˶״̬ӹֵĳ
Ϊ˵ֵʱ䣬ҶСӽԼҪԼ״̬ӦһĴ١
оΧ΢΢仯ʱҶС֪ҪݱɱˣͻȻվ˫Ŀųһơ
ڵӿȣƾ˵ŭƺƵٶȾ
ꡭ΢΢һ죬·巢ģһָ̻˶˹ĿҶС硣
һ弫ޱˣûΪͻˣ񹦵Ĳ͵֮ǲĤֱ飬תٶȸ˼Χռеڶ쳾֮һԼȫҶСʮǧë׹˽ȥγ籩ƼֱѾѹΧҲòŷˣҶС߾ȫĵط
⼸һֱڼûÿ춼ֻϴǰһݴҶСһǰ˸ˣˡ


1065 췣
ͻˣ𾪵ĿҶС
û뵽ҶС羹ȻʱͻΪѵҶСղ˵ܹƿʮָΪͻƺܹƿôأɻѣͬʱеĵġ
˵ɫ֪ҶСϸŷǧ˵췣СΪͻƺ󣬻췣췣Թᴩʮ󣬵ʱǾͿԳȥˡ
ŷǧĻһƬȻû뵽ô£Ȼܹ췣Ҫ֪췣ѾʧѾá
ţңԶĹʱƬ뵳ӯ緱ʢںɵػ֮˽³ͷҲ췣һ£콾䣬˲ŵ㣬Ҳǰ췣ҲӴʧû뵽ҶС羹ȻһʱĴ˵ؽ˳ͷô˵ҶСʵ̫ˣޱȣþòƽ
ʱ쳾֮Ĺ䣬ҶСϵԽԽֲԨ纣еף֮˽ͳ֮¡
ϿϿգȻޱ䣬еҵ⣬һգۣһƬֶգⲻһʼ
ƬƵĵؾޱ䣬ʮǧĿռڣеƹһƬƬ۳ʵʣһɷĺ
䣬ƬϿպѹѹһƬһڴڱ֮ϡ
¡һƲ𣬺Ǵµض𶯣򶼺Ҫˣֱ֮
Сںдн֯Ҫ֯һŵ
Ѿ˹Ⱥֵ磬̫ˡ
ô£ѵһѩ٣ɽ֮ϣһʥǿ˵
ܣȻﻷӣ죬Ҳܴﵽֵزһʥǿɫص˵
֪ΪΣгһ˿ĸоĪΣҪһ㡣
Ҳһ
໥һۣɫĿܣӦһͻı仯
ǣصʥɫޱȣʥ˵Ǹ񣬲ԼͬƶγԶأжʮ
ôôƲ֣ô£
϶ʮ̫䣬ʮɲɱݱ䣿
϶ˣ̫Ķʡ֯ʥǿЦһ˵ʵĴ𰸣жһţֻҲȷ
ŷһʥǿɫǿޱȣΪʮþȵ飬ƫƫѵĻʲôʲɣĵ
ʱƸǿ񱩵ľʲôηĶˣ֮ϣһɺƴ£ζֹɽʮǿĪ֮£һӱɽһꤹȥ
ȱһܡһ˵ǸϽԶȥΨǹĪӾ硣
ƻڷǺȺվɽһ־ơ
ʮУҶСȫһⲻܵζƽӿȣ֮ǰȲͬնеֻҪѽڼͱԵǲε̫֮Ī⣬ӵϵܡ
ǹ֮ʱҶСȻȻվûʲôܹ赲һ㣬øߴޱȣΡĸɽȻһǿߣأ
ꡭʱؼ䣬罵£ÿһаǰֲִ̺֮ͨİʥǿһ֮¾ԿԺ
ʲôֲ̫ˣҿǸղŶ㿪ˣҪȻǶҪһʥ˵
˰
ôôֵ罵£ʲô飿
֪ʮ᲻£
Ӧòɣÿ˶ӵʮս
ɽԶİʥ֣һȻ֮ɫĿſͬһߵ۵
Զеʥǿ߿ôƴ磬ɫͽȻһ䣬ѿޱȣ췣
췣Ȼ췣
ʮѾݱ䵽˵֣ʮѾѲˣһǰʯͷԼĽˡ֯ʥǿߴЦһ˵
ŷ˵ɫѿˣʮʵףɻǴԴʹ˲˵ĻǾ̫òʧˡ
ʮеҶСЩܼ罵µʱһڶһ߹۲
ͻȻ䣬˴һѿڣһǸϽȥٲȥˣҽ˴ȥע⣬Ƕһ磬ֻҪ˹ȥԺкóԵġ
ҶС粻˵ǶѾע⵽ˣҶСĻǸҶСһԼСĵȻǸȱڷ˳ȥ̴ľܿ㣬ϴŷǧ߸ٶȼ죬绹Ҫ죬ڳȱڡ
Ǹո䵽ϣߵֲ罵ݺݵǵϡ
ѩҳһѨʱǶΪǱĴĸѨз˳еǶһѪϴž


1066 
һ·񱼣ԶƬ˾ƬϿһվɽϣһ޸Լһ߿ǿֲͬĩһ龰
ӵźĪ罵ʮУݺݲһʮͬʱУϢһ˿ңҶСٶȶ˺ܶ࣬ҶС磬ΪΪͻƵĽ׶Σ˻ںϵĽ׶Σ˾൱죬ܹ֮භ
վڴҶС磬罵µʱȻֱվţ˵ͲǹǶϴȥǦʣĶǾ⡣
ϵҫӿΪͻơ
ϵոʧڶת۶ڶȻûеһ֣̺ȴȵһ޴
ҶС绹һ¶ûУ⣬׵֮ϵ
ĵԽ£ƸңҶСȻվڵĴ춯ж³һѪⲻ˵ѪҺΪǰ˵ԵʻֵѪʱų⡣
ʮβȣÿɫ԰ޱȣڶһˣҶС粻һҶС磬統У˵ǿĹƻ֡
ʮѾ˵ɱ֣Ƕһģеĺ٣ˣֻԽԽء
Զգŷʥǿ߸ܵʮǲȣദѾȱڣɫ൱ѿǶ֪ҶСĿģҶСҪ췣ĥʮǣҶС綼зɳˡ
Ǻ֣ǲܣһΪʥǿߵ赲ղߵ˶ԷڶԷ϶Ҫ赲ǣΪǸо֮й޵ǣֻҪǸҹȥͻή¿ֲ췣
ѾôˣûбҪΪʮðգ׻˵ԽԽ
ǽضԶе©κƣѾɥʧʥǿߵķȣž⣬ɱ¶ʣǶҶСɱ
䡭罵£һһ޴
ҶСȻͦһӶ˱ϿбѩУҳһ󶴣Ѿأϳѷ죬֪жô޴
һҶС˳Ѫ·ȫΪޣȫһƬڣˣڵϸǡȫܵƻȴһεٵ޲һУ޲ǿȱ֮ǰǿ˺ö౶
ҶСоαϴ췣֮ʱֵ췣Ҫöɹڻ飬üޱȣ˵泩泩ʮȴǿ಻ԡ
ĽǶˣѪʮ
ʱеƸŨ񣬺ī֭һ㣬һ쾰һУǶĳһĻ
һ罵䣬ΪעĿһø첲һϸĺɫ磬Ͽ̺ͨͨǰܺͻҪࡣ
ҶСɫأһΧһ߻
һ̣ҶСһȭƴȭᴩأǵɫϡ
ҶСȭǶһ㣬ɫһӾʹ̴ˣҶСϡ
ʱҶСоԼȫʹͷɢһ㣬ʹ㲻ʲôʹ֮ͥ񾧷һʹࡣ
Դ滮һ㣬ҶСǿʹת񹦣תΪ˴ľ񾧣ȫµ񾧵ʹ಻ϺתⶼһãҲ̫֮ԵʣҪȻһѳŵĹȥ
ҶС粻ʮ˸ǲʮѾȫдˣϵƸˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСоһëȻûκףһӰն£۳ɵĵӰаȸղһ绹Ҫǿ
䡣ҶСһȫࡢǺ;ȫѣһʱܵһأѩϳһĶѨҶСȫУƾӿڣƾǹ̫֮޸塣
ҶСо֮ǹϢʧˣ֪췣ѾȥˣصһҪôһ£Ҫ
ʱһ£ʮϢ٣ÿ˶ڴڵѪⲻΪ췣˵ԵʣΪ󷨵ƳʹǷɣϼˣһƽ˴У˿
֮ϵĺɢջָԭʱҶСϵѾȫ޸ˣ΢΢һʹӴԾ˲˴Աߵѩϡ
ΪΪͻƣֵǿȶǿ˺ܶ࣬Ͽ˵·༡ֳֳһʣӨ貣֮ǰǿǹˮǰѪҺʺޱȣÿһж̺ȵͥ񾧸ӾӨ貣ֱ̥ǡ


1067 ȫնɱ1
ʱΪѾֹͣȫͻƵ˵㣬¶ΪҲ۷״̬۷壬һʵ֪˶ٱʥǿ߸ͲĶ֣ͨʥҪնɱҶС磬Ѿˣʵֲޱȡ
ꡭһҶСϴϸȥֻҶС罹ڵϳѷ죬д۵İ׹ѷ¶
ЩڵĲһƬƬ£ǻƤ֯ѪҺڷϾĽ壬ɱǻڵĲһ߹âҫ۵ıչ¶˳ȫӨӲӣϸĹâڼתƱ񣬿ʵޱȡ
Ժֶ˺ܶ񹦵ãй󷨵Ļ֪ʶԼ򵥵󷨣֮⣬жಿʱ򣬻ǲ鿴ЩʱԺеЩҪʱȥ鿴
ҶСͻȻĿһ裬ųǰĿռһ˿˿ϸ΢ѷ죬ʱĿȫܹնɱһµκߡ
˿ΧʮѨҶСƺƺƣħĿһɨųɽ𶯡
ȻҪҵôҲܹǣǾͳ׵ϿȵıѩڰɣǵĹʷҲᱻھ򡣡ҶСΪᣬɱڣƬؼ䡣
˽Ծʮһ֮ɫԥѲ֪òֹҶСʮĵնɱ
Զɽϵһˣ쵽ҶСƺĽΪͻƣҶСʵӿֲˣѾ˺ܴľ룬жᶨһҪŬȡҶС磬ҶСǵĿꡣ
ɱҶСһ˫ץɽ֮ຮӲʯҶСǿо˹ۺһ𣬱ñȸջҪӲݺһȥǴӾ֮϶䣬ĪǳÿȦȦ
䡭ڴеһҽûзͱҳһ࣬ʮΪֻ۷ѣȫ˿ҶСĶ֣οѾˣڿ¾һս߶ܹնɱǡ
ҶСһγɣݺݵĴһѨ
һҽ漴ûϢҲʧ
ҶС磬ңһƴĺһɽ飬Ͽ𶯣Ƿ˰˾żĴʥǿߵȻƴ󣬽֮
ҶСûᣬնɱһҽһһҶС绹ȫնɱһһնɱ
Ϊ֮ոն췣ʱ͸омӰУ붼֪ʥǿߣ룬ҶС֪Щʥǿ߶붼ɽءǼɵʥǿˣϾǲܹɵϣʹ˻𣬸ղʮʱЩ˲ûг֣Ϊеʥǿߵסǡ
ԴˣҶСר̼ǣǿԼһһΧĴۡ
˵ҪǣУŷһɫǶʥǿ˵
ⲻǸղ˵ĻСԼȥɣǶһˣ֮սĻǲ̫Ҫˡ֯ʥǿߵ˵
ղǶһӣڡߺߣˣǸС˸оˬ죬̫ˬˡ
⻰ŷһɫѿޱȣ˵κλ⻰ȷʵǸղ˵ģղ˵ʱһأֱڴԼҲû뵽ʽᷢı仯
Ӧ֪Ϊʮ˶ѪûǸԸ⿴ʧһǼˡŷ˵ҶСѾնɱһˣʮѾˣʲôöûˡ
Щһﻹ޳ˣѵֻǵնɱˣͲնɱǵˣ֯Ǹ˴һ˵
ŷɫһһףѵ˼㣬֪Щʲô
Զѩϣʮʥǿߵ໥һۣȻűϿȷɱȥҪֹµķ
һġܵǵĶҶСЦһ˫ĳһһ
תۼ䣬ʮѾʣˡ
ҶС磬ס̺֡ޱߵķŭһһȵȶǱڵĺХ
ҶСһ¶һ˿мȭӶһǾɽһȭӰγɺݺݵź˹ȥ
ǵʱɢ޴ȭӰʮ˺ȥ
䡭¡¡֮쳹ɽȣʮӰȫҶС˳ȥ۷ĸֶʱ³һѪˣʥˡ
ɫǿ־֮ɫû뵽ҶСʵѾ־磬̫ˣ̫ˣȫǶ֡
ߡһʥֵһȣȻԶɱҲһԶȥ


1068 ȫնɱ2
ߣߵȥҶС˵ֻӶâбŷֱӴӣʣȫնɱһִֻһƣѩ飬ǼӾͱѩʮ׵ϿȣŷΪ׵ļܶѪڶ
һζʮһ
ŷӴܵʮˣҶСһ˲ͳϿһıɽϣĸʱͳʮǰ
ܰôˣҶС翴ϴһ˿Ϸʡ
ҶС㵽ôһʥʵ
ôӦ֪ҶС絭һЦ˵
ҶС磬ѵ뽫ʮնɱ˲ɣʥʵе΢΢ҶС罫ȫնɱղնɱʮʱ龰оһɺ⡣
ҶСʮնɱοǡ
ȻҪȫնɱӸղǲµʱ򣬾Ѿע֣ǶҪҶСɫͻȻһ䣬䣬ˡ
ҶС仰Ǵĵģĺޱȣҧҧ໥һۣͬʱ֣ҶС繥ȥ
ʮƥҶС繥ȥǰĹҶС統ȻҪ㣬ڣΪͲĹ
ƴһκɨһС
䡭޴ըҶСʮ˸ʮѪ۷徳Ѿˡ
ǵӣҶСһʧЩ˽ʥʱ䶼ʵ̫һˣǶŲǸİʥ֣ҶСҪնɱҪһֽţսûκ²ʮжܹȫնɱ
ҶС磬˴ˣѾնɱʮѵ뽫ȫնɱ˲ɣһԶմ¡
ȻҪնɱҪɱңôȻҪۣÿһ˶ҪΪԼĴ򵥡ܶԷʥ֣ҶСȻ˿á
ѵǼΪУ̺ޱߵķŭ
ΪУҪҵʹҲնɱǣѵǾܷңοڷŹǣѵնɱңҶСЦһ
ҶС磬ֻҪŹǣǶ췢ģԲ鷳һʥ˵дһ˿󣬻һ˿־塣
ŹǣΣֻ˵ĻǸղŽҵģҪˣһȫնɱŹκһˡ
仰˵꣬ҶС綯ˣʧԭأкʧȥӰӣȻҶСûʧΪ˶ٶʵ̫ˣ۸Ͳ׽˶켣
ͻȻ䣬ʥ¶һĨĿ⣬μٱˣҶС¶˸ղһʥվλá
ǶûͦġҶСĿһɨ˵
ۡĻո£۷ֵԴ£ѪȾ˱ѩʥϣ
ҶС硭ܺãĺܺãȻ飬Ǿ͵Ǽķ񱨸ɣŷ˹
ŷȸ˵ףǼ壬ʥǿ߲֣ҪǸΥǸԼҪǲ棬òҪ֣ĻңôǼ֯Ǹ˵
ĻҲǶҶС˵ģһҶСģʥǿ߲׳֣ǲҶСڴսͨ˵Ŀֻš
ߣߡԶУŷ˵ȻȥʥҲ뿪ʥѾǷˣ۷Ų߸˵סˡ
Լĺ̨ˣеһʧ¶һĨ־ȫʧ
ɣҶС˵˫ȭͬʱӶȭӰأÿһȭӰСɽһƬضҪҶСơ
䡭ǿڲͬ£ϵռϸ΢ѷγɣޱǾˡ
ߵӰͬʱҶСȭӰҷ˳ȥݺݵײһɽϣɽ϶γ߸δ󶴡
¡¡ɽܲסղҶСһӱˣȫС
ҶСʶչɨһ㣬ڱıɽѰ˻Ϣڣȴһһ㡣
װҶСЦһȻ棬ǾԶɣ
һʥߵıѩΪ˼̴ǵԴֱ£һε⴮
һսʮʥؾĸ֣ҶСɥ
ϲɽһУ˺ܶ౶Ҳ֪һ˵ʵʶĪ󷨣˽Լ̫֮ĿֲءĪ⣬һΣҿڵ̫֮ҪȻʮ赲Ҳɥ췣֮¡
˵һУջޱȾ޴ġ


1069 
ҶС罫ʥȫնɱһ˳ҶСǰĿжŲ˼顣
û뵽ҶСΪֻͻһ£Ȼô࣬ʥﶼһȺû˿֮ĺ֮ͯ䣬ɣһִһȨơ
ڵʵʥжûĶˡ̿ҶС˵
ҶСɢӨӨâҲȫ˼£ָֻԭӣɢѡͣ·ɷŷɡ
ŮҶСӺˢˢתΪǻѯʼ䣬û뵽ôһĻ
զˣҶСɻѡ
Сˣû뵽㾹ȻôȺãľܿŲЦݣһ˫۲סĴԼ
ҶСͷһֻԼվڱѩУҶСپһ쬵ģȫ¶˼ƤһЦһɫĻŹס
û뵽ֶһˣǵһεʱͳ嶼˿ˣЩ컹óֻˡƬΪؼڼŮǰֱ̫ˡ
ǧʱûдҵ·ҶС罫ĿͶŷǧ
ҵİѾʮлˣԲСʦõƿƣѾΪޡŷǧҡҡͷ
ӷ⣬ֻǿƶɮһƿþơԲҡŹͺͺԴ˵һȱӣֱȷ滹Ҫ档
ʱѾת༸˾쵽ĲҲתͷжһ˿΢΢ĲȻŮСɽϳԵĶŮӣĹﻹӵ壬һƽĺһȦȦ
ߣ¶ҿǹġһҶСһ˵
Ϊռ˱ˣұ尡ҶС̾һ˵
㻹ࣿѹվڳǽ϶ûιۣǻǵۡЦһ
ҷҵԹһĴǲʲôط㣿ҶСʵ
ûУֻǿ޳ܰˡ൭˵
ûж·ҶС翴ʵ
⣬˶ҡҡͷ״ҶС罫ĿͶ̡
УҴ𣿡̿ҶСʵ
ʲôҴģֻҪڳˡҶС˵
̵˵ͷٷ˹ľʵĺǴóһȥһذ׳ȹϵĳȹһģһ
㡣
лҶСһУذ׳ȹѾУȹ岿ֱƽޱȣһذ׳ȹͱذ׳ۡ
ҶСϽϣ΢խһЩ⣬̻ͦģôһ·ҶСѾˣ̻óһŮʽرص·
ûЬ⣬Ѿˡ
âȥҶС³ǰֻ˿еģŵĽԸõֹǵߡ
ǻûпͻȻ䣬ҶС΢΢תͷԶһ˵ɽɫâ
ϲΪݺݵĽѵһ١һɣҶСƬմͻأ䣬ĵӰǰ
ʦ̡Բͬʱһ
ʦ塣϶Ź֯ʥֹĽһ
ͬʱ˵ͷдŴƣǿԼĺһ
û뵽ΪȻѾֵزǶˣֿ֯ҶСĹâһ֮ɫʥǿҲһдһ˿ĺ档
ΪͻһѡҶСǺһЦǫ˵
Ҫǫ飬ܹôΪѾ԰ˣǧûгֹʥǿ߿佱ͻȻɫúأҶС˵Ϊĺܿ죬ʵǿ󣬵Ǳʥ˵вСĲ࣬һ½ǼĵģһŹκնɱĻᣬСһ㡣
ллǰҸ档ҶСм˵
ҪǰǰĽˣĻͺѾͷһƺҰɣҺ·ʦ塣
С·ʦ塣ҶС繧˵Ӧþͽ·ɰɣ
С磬һ䣬ȻҸղѾ˵˲ʥǿ֣߳˭Ҳұ֤ǻ᲻ɳʥ֣ǧҪСģղűֳʵӦһʥǿܲѣֻҪע⣬ôȫб֤·ص˵
ллʦ塣ҶСм˵Ҳǹ⣬˼˺ܾãΪֻҪڴУʥǿǲð֮踶ֵģֻҪСĵ㣬Ӧò֮ǵġ
лҲǹ֯ˣһӦõġ·˵ȻĿͶϣǸʦһȥǺСһأ
һȥɣƳһҶС˵
ʱѾǵʦˣҲҶСһ·ͬУʦҲûʲô¡


1070 Ů绰
һʥǿ߾ƿȥ
ҶСһ໥һ󣬾ķɱȥ˵ٶȶȽϿ죬ԶԶȥͺǼٶȿ쵽˼㡣
ҶСһ˴ﵽʱѾˣҹе΢ϰϰ紵ɢһ·ߵƣɫʷ׳ʵĵƹǰһǸоסϢ
ʮʱ䶼űѩ˰ããıѩǰããıѩûɫʣ˵ӾеƣڣڿǶʵ޺ơϢĳȺҶС綼һΪ˵ĸо
ֻľܿŷǧ˸оΪǿң˵һ㣬궼ڿݼѾϰˡ
ǴӷһƫƧСУʴƵ겻̫ԶƫƧС߳һϲ˸ָСԣԿ࣬ſ⴮ơƱжˬˡ
һЩɣһС̯λҶС
üʵӣԿҪȥƵ궩÷䣬㴩·ٳΣ
ҲãǾɣҶС˵ͷ˵ȷʵʺտ򳡵ڴ̫עĿˣɧҡ
Լʮӵľ룬һʴƵ꣬ҶСһа˸˶ĸ䣬ǵķ䶼ڵġ
С磬ҺܿһȥһˣڷšҶС߽һķŷǧҶС˵
ҺһȥҶС˵
ˣôȥղźܶ˶ͶĿ⣬һͻʱʮӡŷǧҡҡͷ˵
ǺðɣСһ㡣ҶС˵ͷ
ߺҶСĳһˮ裬ȻóֻĽѩĵ绰ӵ壬绰ͨˡ
С硭Ľѩ˹˼飬ϤҶСĲ֡
ѩѾˣҸմϲɽϵôڼôҶСʵ
ôΪ㣬ô죬Ҵĵ绰һֱͨһΪʲô£󻵵Ľѩдһ˿ĿǻŨŨĵԹޡ
Բһʱ䶼һռ䣬źŸͲܴҾ㵣ĸϽ绰ҶСǸ˵
󻵵ˡĽѩһ˵Ѿָһ㡣
Ǻǣο㿼ôҶСѯʵ
ҿʮ֣㾹ȻͿ߰ʮ֣ʮ֣Ѿˣʡһ˶֪֡
ˣҶСɻ˵
ҶСеɻĽѩͣʡ״ԪѧУǵ̨ļ߶ѰˣһҪæ
ĽѩЦ˳·ǿҶС类һȺΧŵǱģ
ǰɣԸҶСƵ
Ľѩһ󣬵ȵĽѩ˵绰Ź˵绰Ľѩ˵Լ׾ҪˣĽѩϺú˯
ҶСᰡʫͯȵŮӶһ绰ٲ˼ĵ绰룬еĲһ˲ûΪҶС絣ģһѯʲ֪Ľѩһ绰˵ԼԶˣижѡ
ĳɼҲ֪ˣ֪ʡ״Ԫ飬Ѿˣϲĺϲ£죬ǻжˣͼͨ󣬴Ӻͷ̨ߵУŮѾˣȴҶС硣
Ǹ·ЬһԿôŷǧ·Ьȡ˳ݸҶС磬һӣһϸĺӣĶˣȻľܿһˡ
ãллҶСŷǧĶͷһ£Ȼù·ЬԴ
һʹˣ·Ьӣǳĺǰɫɫƶ䣬һп㣬ϴɫƤЬװڵϵһ˿˿˿㿡ʡ
һ绹ʺС㣬治֪߳ȥֻŮӡľܿһЦ˵
͵ǻҪ͵ҶС˵·Ҫ͵
ľܿ㿩һЦҶСĸ첲ӿԲѹҶС磬ĵ͵𣿡
ȱջңСҳŲסˡҶСľܿһ˵
ڳңľܿĹɣ̧֮䣬֣̬ˣջΪԭʼ
ľܿİ˵ϴһҶС촽ݺݵ˵Ȼңһĵġ
߰ɣǿ¶ȲˡҶС˵Ȼһţ˹˵ſʱã˳һȺ˾Ÿղ߹ʱһȥ


1071 Կ¼
еҹΪֵҪ̯λĽֵˣЩֵƹ̿ʢиζƮɢڿУ˲ʳСԣһʱ䶼֪óһ֣³һֺ󣬶ݲһˡ
ҶСһһԸɾĿС̯λҪһٴģÿһơ
˻һװһװǸղźľܿһȥģϵɴѾжȥˣȴһĺī覣һ˿ߵľձסһ룬ҶС簵пϧ
ѾˣǼֱͬǻӣҷûм̵գǴ¶°͡պ콿Сϻܹжϸţպ£ոͲ˼Ůܹӵеġ
ڿʲôѵܹҵò̾ĿҶСʵŴīӰǰգ΢΢ŤͷʹǿŤŵģǴ
ҶСĿϬޱȣŤĿռͶҶСãǸīգҶСһࡣ
ҶСѾ۾γҶСԺѾһţܻһЩطʵòȲǰ˾Ųʮ
ôأźɫĴīôῴüأҶСҡҡͷ˵
⻰һһظĸо
ˣС㣬Ϊʲô춼ɴ˿ǵʵòǲǳª޷ˣҶС翪Цʵ
˵ǣǱˡ̵˵һͲںҶС˵ʲô
ҶСһƣû뵽һӡ
һһٴտͶҶСԲ˴ڴڵĳţ˿ûзȣԲһ߳Իһţࡢŷǧ˶ϸʣʱʱСơ
ͷ̫񣬺оȻҲȾƳ⣬ôŮ㣬ʦƽˣ÷µˣ罫Ǽ׳ҶСһӵһһ˵
һӵĻ꣬Ǽ˿һƦһС죬ҲǵײĹˡ
ûн䣬ƽ䣬λʩִ̫ˣɫǿտռɫǿЩãճ֪ʱѣ귢նӷ𡣡Բ˫һ˵ȻһĿ̻ʡ
Բյһ仰һЦղŻһõɮӣһ±˾УִȱϾһ
ԲյһƵһԻ󣬿ΪƵԵʣԴܲһʱ䲻֪ԲյĻʲô˼
СǸ˵ʲô˼ʵ
ΪСһŶ̿㡢Ь׳ʵˣһ˫ֿ󣬸첲׳Ϊ
˼ҵССɫŹֵĿһۡ
顣һһơƿˤˣŰƿ˹ָԲմĺУȻȥУѵģǲˡ
ӷʩݺĴֻʧǲ¸Բٴ˵һ䡣
Сͺ¿ģȻҹƻңһŭǰơƿһģĳһļ̣һоӣûơƿܡ
Ŀâһ׺ݵӡ
ҶСһ˸ûᣬǿϷһ
ڣҪơƿԲյӣտ̯λ˸Ͻ˹ɫΪѿһȰëǶҵĿˣҵϣ¾ôˣ㿴ô
ӣģʲôӣΪ㻹ǵǸ磿ʱѾȥˡտС̯˵Ȱ裬ëüëһɳһŽС̯λ߷˳ȥһײڵء
ΧܶտˣϽǮ뿪Щֱ뿪
ݺݽС̯λһתͷ׼ԲˣƷ裬ͻȻƳȻľܿ㣬ʱ۾һٿ˿ôŮʱ﷢ҡҡλεƶӣžľܿȥ
û뵽ȻôŮϲįˣС椣һ϶Ǯۡߵľܿԣ٬һֻצӣľܿȥ
ڳһտҶС磬ùһ⴮ĸ룬һơ
ҽһޱȣϵ˶Ĳҽ
Զ㣬ǵ¡ҶСɿǸ룬һ䣬͵˳ȥݺݵ˴·ϡ
ë磬û°ɣоôȥҽԺɣëĲ˸Ͻ˹ȥʵ
͸ƨǸҷǸСӣǸСӺǸСͺ¿ҴУŮȫҰȥëܻĴһ˵


1072 նʥ
ǣë硣˹ĵͷ˵ҶС˹˷ŶëղҶСһּ䣬ѾĹͷû˷ţվ
ǱңҪ־͹ǲ֪ߵغë硣С˵˫ҶСץȡ
ҶСŤͷ˫Ŀһȳһ֣Сֱӵ˳ȥһѪ
ҷȱͷǰȻˣҾͰʩһҵͨĴţӷ𡣡Բ˫һ˵漴ʱ䣬ׯ£һλޱߵĴʦ
ҫǴü۵ӣķûʲô֪ʲôģ·ͨ˸УΧ˶̬У֪ܲеʲô
ԶëΪ׵һɷ֮ʧȡ֮ͣеĽΧ
ӷҷ𡣡Բٴ˵һʦ
ллʦȵӣõ;֪ҷ𡣡ԶëΪ׵˹ϵ˵Ȼ໥ȥ
նʥû뵽ֵһϾ̲˵
ⲻСȵӵԲ˵һȻ󣬼Ŀ⡣
Χ˴ʧ۵ղŻһʦͻȻӡ
ʱΧһðŹâĿԲգ֪˭ͷ˹һ䣬һȺ˾Χ˹
ʦ𷨸һӾƦʵˡ
ʦһôܹô
ʦ᲻ῴ˳̣
ʦ
Χһһ˵ԴˣϽΧɵȦ漷ȥ
ڼ˳һ
߰ɣҪǿƶɮƶɮĳԲˣǶҷ̫ˡԲҡͷԴ˵
Բһ㶣ŤͷȥֻԲյǸλС̯λˡ
һƻĺУҶС
һţҲûʲô£Ƶȥ
ڶ峿һ˳бȥǵٶȼ죬òСʱܹ
һ·ϣľܿ㼸ҶС绳УϵķľܿͶͣģȫʱʱҶСšһ£ĵҶСһۡ
һСʱʮӵʱ䣬˾͵Уǳеı̺
Ǿֿʮ󣬻˱̡̺϶ҶС뿪ˡ
ҶС׼Ϊǰס޵ģǵҵ鷳ҶС磬ǻ飬Ҳһ˻ʲôҪ졣
ԲգһֱҶС磬Ļ˵ǻԵҶС绯Ե
ҶСкһ绰Ҹ˿ǰߣΪԲսС
ûӣԺһͿ˹ľܿŷǧһҶСԲһ
³ҶС罫ԲӸ˾ԣþԴԲĴ䣬Ҹһзá
ҶС罫ŷǧٵԭסĵطᰴһ绰Ѿˣ漴ľܿ͵ͯͯǡڼңСҲڡ
ҶС磬ͯе˼糱ˮһӿ޲˵ҶС绳УСڣ
ҶСĵС¿Ĳѣһ϶ҶС绳УһһĽиͣ
緹ͯСº˯ź󣬾Ȳңѹõ˼ĵͷţһϾ顣
ľܿѾ̫࣬ҶС绹ûôͶˡ
ľܿһֻĵʱ䣬ҶСƽҵϵСԽ֡
ѦǷװһǰɾ˺ܶ࣬ѦϾϲã֪ΪϲΪʫĳɼϲ
θ߿ʫ߰һ֣ȪѧˣһȪѧõרҵն֮ĹϵԽԽãó׻ǽڡ
ĵӣ˺٣Ѧ񷼼ҶС˹۾һЦǺǵ˵СˣʫʫϢ˺ܶ࣬ʫʫۻˡ
̵ȷʵ˲١ҶСЦЦ˵̣ȥˡ
ҶС˵һ¥ĽŲᣬߵ¥ϵʱ򣬷ֺʫſţ˽룬ֻʫΪڴϣ˫۱պϣȡ
ɰ˿˵κŮӶûеġ
ҶСոڴߣʫ˫ĿҶСʱõЦݣʢĶ㻨ܰҡҷ˼ϲ
ʫС硭
ҶСû˵۵Ůӱ˻У̰ǵ㣬ʫؽҶС籧ס·ҪڽҶСڡ


1073 
Ҳ֪˶˲ķֿǶǧӵһһ̶ֿʱתֻأ绯ʯ
һʱ䣬ÿ춼ܵ㣡ڼ㣬˺ܶࡣʫҶС˵ٴ¶˲õЦݣֻĨЦݱһɵİˡġ
ҶС֪ʫǸеŮӣе¶ĵף˵ù˵ģҶС硣
ŮϵЦݣҶС΢΢ͷĺ촽ҪԼȫһУһûϵȫھϵģϾ
Լһӵʱ䣬˷ֿʫߺ졣
һҪȥһˣһҪúҲڵʱҪչ˺ԼҪ̫ˡҶС翴źʫ˵
㻹ҪȥʫĵĿҶС˵
ģһγȥʲôΣգȥȡġҶС΢΢һЦ˵
ҶСô˵һ
ںʫӣҶС뿪ˣʫǲҶС绹뿪Ȼʫ˵һ䣬⼸һֱġ
Ů˶˵Ļһ޲һ˱ɺüˡ
Ӻʫ뿪ֱԷ԰ɱȥȻӨͷᰶûȥھʱ仹һЩ죬һЩ㹻һЩˡ
ĽѩıĽѩһ˻\ľӣӽڿţһ߳ˮһ߿ӡ
ĽѩĲɣʱʱóֻ£ԥƬֻֽ̣
С磬ڻˣѩһˡҶС߽˽սԺǺһЦ˵
Ľѩһ콿ĵҶСһ˵˭ˡ
Ȼ˵ģһ
ĲС𣿲֪˭˵ģС绹ûлȲȥСȥսԿŮЦЦ˵
ˡĽѩսһۣȻͷ͵͵ĴҶС磬ҶСûС
壬̺áҶСһȻߵĽѩ
һˡҶС˵
ҿ㰲ȫĻˣҪȻߣһ߳ȥԺ׼ôġĽѩҶС˵лֻΪǿ̫ˣڱ
šҶС˵ͷ
ȿȡȻҶСѾˣȳԷɣġսԿ˿ҶСԼŮЦЦ˵
ǵģһֿ޿ģһѷģһ˵ĸ黹渴ӡῴ˿΢΢ҪҡͷȻŷˣ\ľӣæʣ۾ĺľ۹
硣\ľ۹ҶСһһҶС绳С
СѾͷûмΪ˲٣ѩͲŬС۹ΪѾˣµʱҪС۹ˡҶС翪Ц˵
˭˵ûкúߺ춼ĽѩҶСһۡ
ΪôûС۹ÿ죿ҶСϹҳһ˿ЦʵרΪĽѩľ۹ʲ֮ˣΪĺܿӦ顣
ҶСĻĽѩͣһӣô֪ΪôòûнõĹڸң˵仰ʱĽѩضҶС磬·˵ҶСá
ҶСЦһ£׽ŪһĽѩû뵽Ȼתϡ
ҴڸĹ綼Ƕģ׹ʺˣֻҪ㲻ϼ֣ӿΪ϶ἱҶС˵
˵ΪûС۹Ϊٶȿ졣Ľѩһ䡣
仰òӦ㡣ҶСƵ˵
˵ˣ˵ˣȳԷС۹㱧һȥԷһĽѩС۹ҶСĻбߣݺݵĵҶСһۡ
һٷڣζޱȵҸ
һһԻص˸Եķ䣬ҶСȻĽѩķС
С磬ǲ̫ˣÿ춼ŬӵҾ¾ˣû뵽㻹Ľѩͣ˵
ҶСϽĽѩС㱧ڻУ˵û˵һһӱģܵһ˿˺ҪǧиΪҵĵ̫ˣǵΪ̫ǿˣһ죬Ҳˣû㡣
ģ㲻ģ˵Ҫչһӵģûҵ㲻ĽѩֱסҶС磬Ե˵
ĽѩĻҶСĶͷϲ˺ߣôҵ˼˵һȥĵط
Ľѩ¶˲˼ɫҶСһۣղû˵һΪ㡭
ǺǣҵӲأİɣҲµġҶСǺһЦ˵
㻹ҪСĵ㣬һŬģ鷳С磬ҪȥһˣԽүүȥֻҵ㣬һֱûȥĽѩҶ˵
ȥðɣʱһȥǡҲеҪȥһˣǹһȥҶС˵
šĽѩ˵ͷ


1074 
ӵĽѩϢһҹڶҶС𴲺󣬾ͷԼеĽѩѾˣǿʶչԲӣͺˮĲһ㡣
оĽѩʱĽѩڱ̵Ĳݵϣһɹ£壬ϴÿһ֣ʹǿӡ
ĽѩӣҶСгһĨΣǵĸҴС㣬ͨͨĹһʶԼ켣Ҳ˷츲صı任ҲпĶУΪܹԱҶС粻ò
ҲΪãʶջأҶС
ٵĴ·˴߳¥Ľѩߣ\ľӣӡľ۹ҲڣǶһ
Ϊľ۹ԭرǿһصŨ\ľӣӺĽѩմ˲ٹ⡣
ҶСҲһһ߲鿴ԼͥӵĶ
ΪͻƣԺж˺ܶණ󷨵Ļ֪ʶ񹦵һáһ׺ϻ֮ǹʮʹߵĺϻ֮֮⻹һЩǿѧսսеļɵȵȡ
ЩҶСͷǣһ㣬ûмʮʱͲܹЩ
Ȳ鿴һԼ񹦵ãֻҪһ˹еĺ쳾֮֮У֮ľѾǵ˿Ըеĵز츳ƿؾؾǿߵľΧж㣬ҶС粻֪֪ԼľΧԱЩ츳ߵľΧĶ࣬¾ǺһؾĸҲࡣ
û뵽ΪͻƣȻܹľΧô㣬̫ķѾÿһȫʩչܹȥķ֮һľ;໥תò˶þͿԻָ
񹦲ܹһΧڱΪ͵˵ЦǾ͵ЦǿǶ͵ÿޡ
ԼɢҶС绹ԿǣȾĿƸΪΪǿ󣬸Σ޷׽
ЩҶСϲ͸ֵսÿһÿһӰ쵽ʤЩҲһС
񹦵ЩĿԼԺУҶС鿴ʮʹߵĺϻ֮ϻ֮Уʮõ˳뻯ľ磬ҶС綼̾дʮһ𹥻ʵ˲ʮȷʵֲޱȡ
䣬ʮʹߵʵ࣬ԴԼΪͻƣһͻʱоԼյ֮һδ֪ĵط룬λ÷·ǿԽ˿ռʱƣʮʹߵϵͨ
ҶС罫Ӵ˽룬һصĿռͨʮʹߴȥ
ʮʹߵĺϻ֮ҶСͷһϵһģѰһǵ
ĵĻҶСһʮʹߵΪһξ޴ĵΪѾﵽؾ磬˵Ϊ۷壬ȷʵ£ֻҪΪܹǵΪҲ
ҶС۾ʱߵĽѩѾˣ̫Ѿ䵽ߡ
㶣û뵽ʱ侹Ȼô죬һգһʱ䶼ȥˣ˵ȥӨͷᰣڿûʱˣҺþкüʱ䣬һŮһ죬ܹüʱ䡣
ҶСһЩӲ壬Ȼ¥ȥʱĽѩڿУԴһŵԣ֪ڸʲô
ȿȡҲ̫˰ɣ˽Ƕûо쵽ҶСվ󣬹һ˵
ǣһȥĽѩͷҲûлص˵һ˷ܵӣŵԼ̣ƶܽԼ̰һ
ҶСһʲôȻ
ǰ㣬ŵԿȥֻеϳڶս˴򶷵ļΪһõǱһõĻ𣬶֮ҲѤ
ӦǽɫսϷҶС
Ľѩ㿪\ľӣӿսָš
һ˷ܵӣҶСҡҡͷһЦÿŮбӡ
ҶСǶɳϣùһƻʱдһĽѩһµԼ̣һƵ˵ˣˣˡ
ĽѩˣС۹࣬ĽѩȻ˵ǲˣǽضŵĻƺڷҶСһЦ
ЦʲôҶСЦĽѩʵ
ûʲôղŵȤҶС΢΢һЦ˵
ӲȤĽѩҶСһۣȻ˹ҶСߣùһƻһڣҶС˵û뵽ôʱ䡣
ţΪոͻƣһ¡ҶС˵
ڵΪʲô磿Ľѩʵ
۷壬ʥֶҵĶ֣ҪúǡҶСǺһЦĽѩǡ
һᳬġĽѩСȭĵ˵
־ٳɹһ롣


1075 ߼
Ϧ£¶轵أбӰź֮ܳܳʱ¥\ľӣǹر˵ԣҶСһ˳ȥ
һʱҶСĻһֱڱУҶСˣʱ϶˺ܶ࣬ʮʱ䣬Ǻеɣ뿪ϵϸԾ˺ܶࡣ
ĸоĽѩһĿԶĨ̾һ˵
ǺǣǺúùһϡҶСЦЦ˵ǸղʲôϷ
ĽѩҶСʵôҲϷȤˣ
ûУҴûϷֻЩ澿ʲôϷȻôԡ
Ľѩ˵ȭʡ
ȭϷǷһʱĽֻϷϲֻˣ϶ϲϷľеıúܶΪ֮ԣʳ档
ҶСװǰ˵Լû
ϦԽԽֻͣʣһ뻹ڵƽϣһ˵Ӱúóó֯һ𣬺˵ű˴˼Ĺ¡
ܺܶҹйÿһεĸоͬеϴҴҶˣÿ˵ıͬν֮ɣ
ڳĿຣÿһ·һָҶСоԼѾûͨ˿е۹⣬ǲɣ˺ܶ࣬Īĸоûһ˻оһָѵڳҶС
С磬ôˣ߳ûмЦǲǲϲһ֣ҶСĽѩҶСʵ
ôأֻǸղſֵϵЩдˡҶС΢΢һЦ˵Ľѩ֡
Ҿû˼һΪãٲĺۡĽѩŽֵԵſڵĲɫâ̾һ˵
˵ĺܶԣϦӾͷǳҸ˻ϲߡҶС˵
ɲɲҪ˵ô˸С\ľӣӿ˵
ҶСЦЦ˿ָӣǹź΢ЦĸųĽֵһߣһ߿ÿһҵ̣·߳о߽ȥתת
Լʮʱһ˲ŷ˱
ڶһոѣĽѩûߣȥˣһοһŶĹֻҪڷΪȻȻĺܿ죬ͻƵʥͲʡ
ҶСϴһ£Ľѩһֽ˵ԼҪȥһˣֱӴӴ˳ȥӨɱȥ
٣ѧУſм壬ӨҲûмӰҶС߽ȥʱӨڹ̨ϰĿ飬ɽôƮһˮīһ鶯Ϣ̲סӽ
о˽Ө̧ͷһҶСЦʱһ˫Ŀе΢΢ʣ˿ռ䡣
С硭һĻһޡ
Ө㡣ҶСһߵ̨ڣĽӨסǹϤʵζǹܰ
˲ŷ˿Ө˿棬û˾һ
Ө㣬лûʲôˣǰˣһ죬жҪһˣлôϤҶС˿ε˵
šӨ˵ͷ
úҶСӨ䣬ȥǱ߹һȦȻŶǱߵĺȥ
һ·ϣҶСӨ֣һһ߶һ߹һߣﶫߵʱѾʱˡ
һ߾ۿڵλôԼȫǾңʯ
˴һС·˹ԶԶһ߻һˣǳ㷢ܹжϳһŮӣһʯϣϵĺˮ
ӰҶС΢΢һ£Ӱ˵ϤⲻӢʦıӰ
ʱıӰΪµۡ
С磬ôˣʶӨҶСɻʵ
ҶСĿ⸴ӵĵ˵ͷʶӢʦҲҵŮˡ
ӨһЦֵĿҶСһۣ㻹顣
ǹȥɣҶСһ˵ȻӨһһ˹ȥһӰԽԽԽԽƽ
ôҶС
ˣˣ紵㷢ڷз裬˵˵Ĺµį
ҶСᲽ˹ȥӺرסһʦ
һ𣬾֪ҶС磬Ťͷ˿ҶСʱһ˵СŮҶСĻп
⻹ǸӢʦ
ҶС֪Լкܴìܣܾ鲻õԭ
ްɣʲôίͷйҶС簲ο˵
ҶСĻ޵øˣſںݺݵҧҶСļϣҧҶСļ
ҶСһЦȻʹֻҪܹһʹ㲻ʲô
Ϊ˷ֹѶݱˣò


1076 Ůʶ
ãֹͣ˿ɿҧסҶСϵһ⣬һ˫Ư۾ޱȣϻۣһûгĺӡ
ҶСĲŶϵۣʵںЩ𣿡
֪ϿܼǿΪʦ棬ЩαװˣȥǲαװʣʵңһŮӣһŴġ
˺ܶ࣬лл㣬ô֪գź׵۾ҶСʵ
ϬһͨоҪңұˡҶСϴЦ⡢г˵
ܲҶС˵Ļﻹ˿˿ġ
ͻ˵ֻ὿ĿҶСһۣȻĿͶԼղҧǸλã¶ǸĿ⣬Բ𣬸ղſ϶ҧ㣬ҿǲҧˡ
˵ţֱҶСڣ鿴żҶСļ⻬ޱȣϵȵתŵĹâӡûУ˵ҧ˺ˡ
Ƥ񰡣Ȼûһ˿ۼ˵
û취Ʒ⣬кñҶСǺһЦ
ҶСһۣʱͻȻ俴˾֮ԶӨ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ӨôʵȻĿͶҶС磬дһ˿ɻ
ᣬû뵽ҲӨ΢΢һЦ˵
˴кҶС㶣ĵʲô
ʶҶСɻĿŮʵ
ţҳȥӨ꿴飬һȥôʶˡ͵漴˿ҶС磬ٿ˿Ө
ҶС˵ͷҸĹϵһ
ֶһɵŮˡĿӨ̾һ䡣
Өߵ˹ߣ
ӨĻҶСס֣ⲻԵ֣Եʱס
㾹ȻôģǲеŮˣҹعһʵ
ôأҾʶǼ˶ѡҶСװһί˵
ˣҲ㡣̾һ˵¶һ˿Ρ
ҶСĬһɻĿʵʦһʲô
еķתתطҾͣ⼸һֱ˵͸¶˿˿˸С
ǲǻΪļ˶ģҶСʵ
˵ͷΪ˰һŻ£ѾһֱûдӦԺҲӦ
˵꣬ĿͶҶС磬һƬ
ģһһģڣҾԲͬ޸ˡҶСضŶ˵
㣬ǹػûйȥһʱ俼ǡ¶˸ӵĹâ
ںߣ죬һֱϦ£ϦȫʧʱضͻȻһߵһ·ϣĳͣš
ķŮæµҶС磬ϵЦݶ˺ܶ࣬ܰҸĸоҶСޱȣȻҲһ˿գǾǲ֪ʲôʱǶܹͬһ
ϣҶСŮͬߣŮǲͬ⣬ҶСȺͶᷭƸһȻӨǿб˽ǻ֮¡
ڶϣ˶˹˴ͬߵĻ֮࣬ݺݵĵҶСһۣҶСšһ£Өеñͷ
һһҪˣһȥһٿǡ緹ҶС翴Ŷ˵вᣬò뿪
š˵ͷ¼ȡ֪ͨӦþ͵ˣ㱣ţ󣬹ȡ
õġҶС˵һӨһ뿪ˣӨͻҶС³ȥ
УڣֻһˣʮӵѾȥĵطˣк쳾̫֮أΪºѾȫһɽˮɽׯˡ
Уɺ˺ܶ࣬Ǳɽ泯İŨ˵ȽϸߣܹΪ
ʮһʹߣҶС˹֮ͬʱ˫ĿչվĽһ١
ҶС翴˿ǵΪȻ˺ܶ࣬ؾ⣬˵Ϊ۷壬һѾɳʮܹһЩæˡ
񹦵ãԽһСնɱˣȫ⣬һУǵʵѾвˮƽˡ
ܺãĺܿ죬иȡ۷徳硣ˣҶС˵
ǣ١
Ҵһ׺ϻ֮ǸԿһЩáҶС˵бųʮâͬʱǵͥ
ҶСɫ԰˼֣оһͷĿѣ˼ܺŻָ
һԾڶԾҪǳߣҶСʮ˶ЩҶСᲽ˳ȥûдǡ


1077 ȥ
ӿĵ߳ҶСƽСȥոߵҵֿڣһɫİµA4һɲͣǰ
͸ǰҶС翴ˣһЦû뵽
Ŵ򿪣һֻɫϸЬ¶˳ĿƶһֱԲȣһ룬ӳ߳Ǵһ̿ĺ
ʱûмȻôޣˡ
û뵽Ѿˣϳе¡ߵҶСǰҲûѯҶСֱӽҶС˳
顣ŹرգƵʻλãһ¾ǰʻȥ
˵㣬֪֪ղŵӾǰܣҶСŤͷźʵ
ǺðɣҾǰ㡣һЦ˵
ҪƻҪˣ
߶Ҫ
ɣҵô࣬Ů˼åҶСװһʹ˵
˰ɣԺҵˣҰˡͿЦ
ʲôʱģʵ
ǰ죬ʲô£òǸ߿ɣҶСʵ
ʹ˵ǲ÷̫ࡣ
ҶСüģʵûбꣿ
ꣿҪʲôꣿ
ʲôУ㿴ŸɣֻҪԼùȥСҶС˵
ҵúúˡЦЦ
ǵȻģˣ׼ȥҶСɻʵ
ҼҵĶڼţ˵ˣҹմƽС뿪㣬ҵ
ǺܺãҵͺܱˡҶС˵
û˵ãʵҾô᣿
Ŀдһ˿Թ쵽Ŀ⣬ҶСһ˼Ҳֻ֪ҪŮӶҲ飬ֻڵʱʵ̫ˡ
ĽѩŮĸ¼ϻֽ׶Σ˭ҲἰʱӱУʱĽѩ֪ԼֶһŮӣ˵ĹϵԽԽ㡣
룬ҶС˵Уϲ㻹ôأֻʱԣϣܹס
ҶСĻ΢΢һᶨؿҶСһۣãҵ㡣
лһ仰û˵ʮ꣬һӡ
ҶСԸе㲻кøУǻҪúÿһϾһӵ飬ʱƣҶСĸ鲻ûнͣһӣ˾ģɶ˻ǰ׷ѰԼİ飬ܽΡ
ﺫѾˣѾԹ˷ΪҶСһβɷãһѧϰķļɣĴȵȡ
βɷûѵʱ䲢ԼСʱʱͽˣ²üҲʮӵľͷ
ںһֱ磬Թ緹ҶС뿪
ʱһȥô༸ҶС罫ʱ䶼ΧЩŮϣ߾ǲ鿴һ·ǷﻹƼÿ춼пɹ۵󣬾жٵҶСҲ֪Щ飬Ͳȥܣ;
Ѿ˳ºƵˣˣ֣ķϡ
ºƵ˶һʼ͸ģóºһֱԼ
ֵ˻ûлع飬Ѿͻ죬ǻŬУ׼ﵽ߽׵ʱڻع顣
һҶСԼȥһ죬峿˺ˣԹ㣬ͿŽ
ҶС\ľӣӸȥģԱĽѩİȫ룬־úܲ㣬ϾĽѩȥүүˣοĽѩ˵үүи֣İȫõġ
ʱ糿ŵ㣬ҶСĽѩŴӣһ˽ȥȥˣҶСڣȻܷġ
߽ҶСʶչ㷢ˣϡ
ǹȥǱߡҶС˵һȻĽѩڵĵطȥ
ˣһΪ㶼ˡҶС˹൭˵
ôأǸǺܷġҶСЦЦ˵
һûдҶС磬ĿͶĽѩʵĽѩҲһȥ
ȥүүǡúСһ·ĽѩǳǳһЦ˵
ΪĽѩҲΪĽѩһǡ
ŮʱҶСûн˵ʱĽѩ㽫עϡ
ǶŴīһžǵݣǣɢζڵסģĽѩܹжϳţԷòԲ
㳤ƯҶС̿ĽѩһȻĿͶҶС磬ĽѩôƯŮѣ̫иˣҪúϧ
ҶС絭һЦû˵ʲô
λ㳤һҲƯĽѩǳǳһЦ¶һ˿΢΢ĽĽ˼ϵʡ
ǻǱȲ㣬Ϊ־磬һǿƯöࡣȻ
òϲ£ĻܹƯһЩϾ˳ڶϣһŨŨĲڷϢ˸оλƮ죬ĽѩûеʣΪ󣬾ֲ࣬˵˸ǧ


1078 Ķ
ĵΡáĻʽģͬʱҲǹҾߵҪŦҲ൱һ˵Ĵԡ
ĵķ٣һҾÿƼķ̶ȣ˵ǻĳС
ɻһСʱʱ㵽˾ʻҶСһеʱѾʮһˡ
߳˻մӻ߳ȥԶͲʮֵϢԺʵųһǰʮ֡
ѩĺ磬үү㡣ҶСǸ׼Щһȥһϲ˹
ȥһһװ꣬Ľѩø쿣߻м꣬һӣһ֪
硭ĽѩһϲɫĽһ
쿺ǺһЦ˹ҶСʱһ󼤶÷û뵽Ҳˣʱûмϲˡ
硭Ľѩһ죬ĵһۣȻĿҶС硣
Ҷˣ㻹ߡˬһЦ漴ŤͷҶС磬ȻҲˣһȥүүүүһǳ⡣
ʱ䣬һȥģһЩҪ졣ҶСϴЦ˵
ŶǺðɣǣĽѩʵ
һˣˡҶСǺһЦȻĿͶĽѩһ꣬Ҿ㡣
ţСĵ㣬ҪҴ绰ĽѩǲÿҶС硣
һˡҶС˵һ䣬ȻͺžЩһȥ
һ¡ҶСո߳˼Ľѩʹ˹
ҶСͣ˽ŲŤͷɻʵʲô£
Ľѩҧ촽¶һ˿ԥ֮ɫ˶٣ĳ־һ㣬ߵҶСǰż⣬ҶС촽һ£ȻϽܿˣϵĺһֱӵ˲ӡ
ǵҵ÷ˡһЦǼһƽŲ֪Ĺâ
ˣټҶСĽѩ˻֣תǰȥ֪Ľѩһ̬ǰԭ򣬿Լߵ̫ˣһҶСҵġ
뵽ЩҶС΢΢һ̾ΪԼԶ飬ĽѩԼܲģҪȻĽѩԸȻ¡
ҶС硣ҶСո˹ȥһȾը죬ͬͨ˿ѾܹˣΪ΢һҲᱻѪ
ҶСû˿仯ĿһɨֻԶŷ컪׷顢Ϲҡ䳤աɵʮ˻Ƴ죬֮ϵƲ㶼ǽ顣
ʸղЩһ𺰳
˺һ𣬿ֲѹ£·ҪҶСѹ⽴
ǶߣǸղŵıӴޱȵƣǶһķΧڣ˸;첻
˺ҪһԸӣҶСһһ翪ٵ֮
䡣ҶСǰ̤һĵ涼˻ΣƷС͵
˵Ķݺݵһ£˲֪ô£ĽѩǸоһ㣬ĿͶ˹ȥҶСЩ˶ţǵǡ
ҶСõİϸûʲôѷ죬ӡûУǰһһɾµƱŷôҡ
ŵšʮͬʱ˳ɫǺޱȣһҪѪĳ嶯
ǵľ̬ҶСһӴƺƳˮһȥϵʧ¾֮ҲʧˣǱһ޸֮ͨˡ
ҶС羹Ȼܹƾһܹ֮Կһʮˣж˾κˣֲֲ̫ˣҶСѹ˶͸ֻҪҶСڣԶûпܳһ
ҶСı̬༸˵ûʲôоΪѾȹˣ֪ҶСʵһɲĵز
ҶСΪûͻǰǶûп͸ڸӿ͸ˡ
û뵽ʵȻֵزѾͬһˣҳ綼׷ġԶҶСᶨ˵
ڴܹ׷ҡҶСƽ˵
ղǲûбʲô˼ֻĳ˵Ϊͻˣ췣뿴Ϊһʲô磬֪ˣ㽫ҳԽĿꡣϹҽضҶС˵һӡ
ӭǶҡҶС絭һЦ˵
ʱʮɫγһٿ˹ǰʱеĳһɲ׳֮
ſĺɫʵλ򣬻ܶ˶ʮɫ۷׷ס
ʮɫɫװɫƤЬ˳һҶСһ˹һϳơ
ҶС֪ǽȥСˣҲ̫ߵ˰ɣ
һˣһһǶڳʱʮԼٶǰУһ·٣Ǻ̵ƶͣ


1079 ɽׯ
ʮɫķǿҵӾУĿ죬ȥҲ죬޵롣
ᣬʮɫ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪Щʲôݡ
ǵݿ϶ͣûпƲں𣿡
⣬۷׷ס
쿵˿ҶСȥıӰһ޵Ľ־塣
Щ˱֪һЩصĶһĺɫĳƺʱб˼֡
չӣǶЩˣһɻʵ
쿵˵ͷĽ֮ɫ֪Щ˺ǸͲһˣЩ˵Ŀ
߰ɣЩ˵£ǻ̸۵ĺãҪȻ㱳жһΥһĹ򣬿º롣˵һ䣬ȻĽѩĳһĸӵʻȥ
ʮɫķ۵ʲôطһ·ϲ֪˶˵Ŀ⣬Щ˾ߣǶ쾳ߣΪ졣
λС磬ң˶ʮǲе̫ˣǰĺɫУںλϵҶС̲סĳʵ
鳤˵ǶǻĵδЩӦģѾǵ͵ˡ˾˵
ҵ찡⻹ǵ͵ΣҶС
Ͳ˽֮֮еλãֱ˵Ϊ۵Ļֳȷʵе͵
ҪȥĵطǣҶСʵ
ɽׯɽׯ廷һµϣԺǾ֪ˡ˾˵һ仰Ȼר־Ŀų
ӴĶУƫƧĽ⣬ԼһСʱ·̣˽һдеСɽͣ
³һȻ˴ǽȥ˾˵ΪҶС˳ţɫܹ
һ³Щ˾ͽˣҶСһǸߴľǸСɽһɢŹϢĹŻƴ󡢹ӡʷϢ
Żһ޴ƽʯϿĸ֣ɽׯ
ĸ֣ϿͨͨĿ飬ϸȥܹоһɾڱʻ֮ߣһգգĸֵʱǹƱ˳ı˵ͥС
ʱɫ԰ףѪҶСûκ£ǹɾͥбʱɫâһЩһӾͽǹưˡ
Ϊɫֻǲ԰һ˿Ȼͻָ
λˣһȻ֮ɫĿĸʱһ
Ѱȥֻһɷǡ׷ü߲֪ʲôʱѾǰ
ҶСĿһʥӭǵĶǰʥɽׯںܲ򵥡
ʯϵĸ޽ɽׯǸ˿̳ģǸ˵ΪѾÿֲˣ˵ҲΪĸֲдĶѣֹǻҪúǡΪ˽͵
ߵĻֽĿͶĸ֣ĸ֮䣬ԽܵԷΪĿֲ
߰ɣЩǰѾڵˡ˵һ䣬Ȼ˽ȥ
ҶСջĿɷǵɽׯȥ
ո̤ŻһŨӭһپٱϵһ˿ƣͶһɨա
ҶСɽׯڣľï̹תʻޣܰľϼڣϵ¥֣·ƶһ㡣
һɽׯȻǰľҶС̾һ
۾Ҳ΢΢һⷬͲ˼ľ£ϵġ
һȽŨŨ겻ɢŨоγֶصĳȻڣҲкܶȻۿ죬Ǹûһ֮һһΪ˽ţǵһ㡣
˽ǰУһ·ϣҶС˰֣֮Ϊ͵Ҳ۷壬൱һ˵Ϊڰʥ𣬲Щܸһĸоǵ˳ĺ֮꣬ȻϢ񣬵ֻѾˡ
룬ҶС˼֣Щ˵¶ûмˣ֪ͻŹԼһ
ʱµĶûʲôܹ赲ʴ̶̼ʮ꣬һ۾͹ȥˣУҲ޵ġ
ߣΪٸߣҲᳬ꣬ѾǼˣǿҲܻ꣬ʥǿһѪӯޱȣѾȥ壬ܻһǧ꣬ʥǿܹû֪ΪѾ˷Ѿʱ䣬һ˵Ѿ֮ܳΪˣһǿ塣
ˣܶǰǣǽȥɣߵҶС˼
̧ͷȥֻǰһƬ֣ããͿ͸һʯС·
ţ徲أжĸо
˿˿ʯ·΢΢üͷʯ·խ಻ܲˣҪ߽ȥȻҪһ˳ˡ
룬ͬĿͶҶС磬ǵ˼ܼ򵥣ĵһȽ롣
ҶСεЦЦһȥȻڶڶν룬ǰʮǰǸ˳Ѿ˭Ƚ룬Ѿû˽


1080 С
֪Դֱˣ䶼תҶޱȣŵ㡣
ּǴȻγɵСˮ飬뵵Ũ̶Ѿһµĵز
ЩҶС˼ת鿴ЩֱЩȻֵޱȣȥֵλúеһһޱȵĿͼ
ûжϴĻɽׯһγ˾ۼ󷨣ҶСĿɫâ
Լӵʱ䣬ǰȻһǲճһ㣬һյسǰ⴦յϣһ¹ŵСľݣСľǰһԲʯֻʯʰڷΧ
Ȼ䣬Ӱʯϣһⶼʥ֣·ɾУǳֵһɲǣҶСоˣоһ˿˿
λǰǳ֣˹Ľһ
΢΢ͷһǰ˵ӡ
ҶС磿ͻȻһʥ˫ĿէâҶСʵϬĿҪҶС翴͸
ǰҾǡҶСһǶʥֵľأһ䲻˿ûΪԷʥֶŵȽŷ˵һЩֺǵĻ
Ȼһһˣѹֺϵô㡣ʥǿĵ˵ͷ
ϸĴһ¶ʮˣĿе֮ɫԽԽˣҶСʮˣǺ⡣
һʵȷʵǿò˶꣬ǾͶܹͻƵʥǽǸطҲһʥǿ˵漴ĿͶ˺·ɣϺգͽˡ
·ɵ˵ͷɨһۣȻ˵֪ǶĽЩ׵ĵطΪǽһǾ֪Ľжôˡ
ص˵һ½ȥССһڲͬĿռ䣬ռϹʱһλ콾ٳģŨƬֻ൱ϣȴҪ߳ʮϡ
˵ĿⶼҲ˵СееӾǵա
˵Ŀ⣬·˵СеʱСʮʱ൱һ죬ԸΪĸдعǵ򡣡
˲˿С羹ȻôֱʥذΪһܿĵõ
ǺˣСŷûжã˵һˣˣĻҲͲ˵ˣǽȥɣʱ䵽Ȼǡ·ɿ˵
˳һֱ߾͵ˣ򶷣ˣسͷʲôĳͷǷغȻ֪ˣͬ˭볢һ¾ԡ·ź⣬һ֪ͷ϶ᡣ
ȥɣ·ɻ˻˵
лǰҶСͬ˵ȻƹСľݽ
һ뿪ƬյһƬžһһ֪ʲô
ãһ̾һ˵ϣǶջĽˣʥһµĸǸжð
ԷΪò˶ãͿ۷壬߰ʥ˵ʱܹˣҪѶĴ֪ġ
ԷΪһûвֻǾеĽǶѣǡôһʱֻǸС˶೤ʱ䣬ͻӻһգΪǵΪǿǽԲϰٹڵȫȡ˽룬Ҳ֪೤ʱָܹ
Ҳûа취飬ѾҪˣٵԱնɱЩˣı㹻õĻһӾͷˡ
֪Ļ˵ǲЩˣЩ˵Ļ˵ȷʵһѡ
пܣѾڱ仯ˣһЩ򶼷˱仯Ũ˺ܶ࣬췣ĵѾ˵һУƬҪָǸʢʱˡһʥǿ̾һ˵
ڵЩ黹Ϊʱ磬ϣǽȥܹǣǵʵΣҪЩطãҪȻʼ˸оġ
š
ʥ̸ʱҶСһѾߵƬּΪ죬·ûоͷһ㣬ããΧĿռҲڲͣĲҪһ㡣
ԼʮӵʱʧǰһƬһ续ɾȺɽƣˮ뵣ÿһ£ÿһƬռ䶼һһ
ɽׯ˼ɾ
һ̻Ի͵ĸһƬյϣʣ˸ͼĸ·
ǸоһƬعȻܹͬõأع򡣡ͻȻһ׷׶ԣȻÿ˵϶ҳһ˿


1081 
Ҫȥѵһ𣿡ɽ嶢ʵ
֪Ӧǣûо쵽Χռʱı仯Զüʵ
ûиоǵΪºѸܵʱţʮ൱һ𣿡
ǽȥȥ¼ҳ׷
ʱҶСѾ˹ȥϸܵһɵ첨
ߵʱǹɲΪǿˣܹеߣǻһ㡣
ҶСһ߹۲һߵʱѾ
ףʱ֮컯Ǭתʱ䡣һһ䡣
һ仰ߵĽϿе֣仰мܹжϳıʱĵط¾ڡ
¡˼һ仰ĺʱź죬һϼɣһõ˼µĹâһ˸оǱʲô˽һ㣬ȻعʱѾ˱ڡ
Ũޱȣǽҫ۵ıʯڶӳĵ硣
˹۲һ󣬱һտޱȣǸѵΧ˸ġ
ǰķһ¥ͨģ¥ݵƲƽǽϿ̻һЩ·Ϊ⡣
ǲԼͬȥÿ̤һ̨ϣЩ̨׺ǻһ㣬תòҫˡ
̤ϵڶʱ򣬵ڶгŷ䣬Щʯɵģÿһʯſڶһľƣľд˵֡
ѾˣߵԵķ
΢΢һ㶣֪ЩǰΪҪŪ飬ղΪβһ˵ѵΪ˿ǣ
룬ǸߵԵķǰ׼ƿ߽룬˫ָոʯţ˾ʧˡ
˵ҶСҲ˫ʯţոһʯţһʯźʧһ㣬ֱӴ˹ȥ
ָʱѾ˷ڣʲôûУǽں͵ȴ·Щ·йâͣתͺһˮһ㣬졣
ҶСϸĹ۲һ䣬ȻĿͶ˷·Ϊܼĵطѵ
еʣҶСһ߳·ΪܼĵطͣȻȶɲǼ䣬оֱӺͿռںͲÿȥںϡ
濴ȥʱҶСһĹâϵЩ·еĹâѾӵҶСϣޱȡ
ҶСһжʮ˽뵽УԼѧ
ҶСһѧһ߲鿴ԼԺеЩ˵Щıء
ȷһ¹ڻ󷨵鼮
󷨣˵˾ǽεعʵʻĶع򣬻˵ģ¸ΪȷһЩ
ĺϻ֮һĹ켣˶ģһЩ򱬷޴ܣΧҶСʮ󷨾ˣģǾ֮ǳݱ䡣
ΪĲģع򣬿̻·Ӷǿ
һӡ֮ӡعı仯ƳһΪ߼һ֣˺Ѳ
ҶСĲ鿴ȿ˿һ󷨵ԴγɡܣһЩ򵥵󷨣ۼ󷨡Χ֮ȵȣһЩûɱ󷨡
󷨿󣬻дѧսҪоһоѧսһط
ǲطģ쳾Ϊ˵Ϊģ֮ΪģͲͬ
Դڲ̫֮󣬾ܹսˣҲأĺôǾ޴ģġģ໥ٽ򣬺ôǾ޴ģ֮·һƬ̹;
˽붼ԵķŬ֮ʱǸУʥǿߺɮ붨һ
Ҳ֪˶ʱ䣬ʥͬʱ˫Ŀйâų
ʮ˵ʱѵѾ˱棬ǳһʥǿ˵ʥǿߵΪΪǿᣬһϢǱڵĺХΪѾʥ졣
ʥ˵һɿ֦һ֣ݺһץһɾ޴ŷռʮһֶƬյϡ
ÿ˵ϢŨ˺ܶ࣬ûͻƣѾͻƵıԵò˶þͻͻƣ൱һ˶ͻƵʥ硣
ѾȥһˣǵʱѾˣǿѡ뿪Ҳѡھȴǳһ뿪Ϊʥǿ˵
Ǿһ˵˶˵ͷ
Ҫȴúùһ¸ղڱڵɹÿһ϶һ˿ϧжҪܹԶǸжãֻվǲܵģ


1082 Ϊ
ʥ֣Щ͵ȶʮˣһ̾пܣҲʮ˶Сǣ͸ôˡ
Щ˶δϣڣҲϣЩܹһӳɳֻûһ͵飬һҲԲһӡ
˵ǴӹĽǶȥ˼⣬ǶΪ˻ĵδ
ʱĽʧһһһֶ˳ոһɳƳ죬âҫһˣֱͻƵ˰ʥ磬ǰʮҶСһ˻֮⣬˶Ѿ˳Ƕͻ˰ʥ硣
ȳʮУϹҡҶ޻ͻƵʥϵϢһԾԾӣ·ҪһǽҪͻƵס
һһͻƣʥǿһοǷ·𿴵δЩ˰µ龰
һȷʵֲһʵ죬ÿһ˶콾֮ˣ߳һԶһ档
ǶеڴҶС磬Ϊﵽһʲôľ硣
һ˶ĬĬţ򾳽磬߹ΪһôǾ޴ģÿ˶в˵˼һͻγɾоѹѹƶ£е˵Ϊڿٵ
Ȼлһͬ˼ǾҶСʱ䳤ڲŬôǺҶС֮ĲԽԽ޴
ΪֲŸ࣬ǲòŬ
ʱڲ֪ʧҶСʱҲˣǱ˱һ㣬ոջ֮УͻȻâѾƶ档
ʱʥǿٴγ֣һƬռ䱻˹ռ΢΢ҶСӰٴγ֡
һҶСֺ˷췭ظı仯ǰâȫȻʧ˺ֱܶ࣬Ҳһͨġ޺Ĵѧûʲôֱ˹˹ĵģ·һĶûУ㿡ʣǸС
һεҶС˾޴ĺôʮʱ䣬Ѿһ죬ҶСһΡ
һҶС粻ԺеЩ֮Ķȫ˽һͨ͸᲼óЩ󷨣ЩǴҪģҪѾ̵˵۷壬ѧսѾΪһ壬˵ѾЩսľ裬˵ĶΪԼĶ
սеսôսԺͣ͵һս˺ü
о󷨵ʱҲǱоعŶ󷨵ʶعҲһЩʶ
ʱǰԵ·ܺҶСһ㣬ƽ˺ܶ࣬ٺܿ죬ȴǰŭοҰޱȣҶСѾĿƴﵽϸ΢ԭ򣬿˵ڵԿšͷ˿ǱߴϸƿأǶԼľͶƿء
츳ߵ˺ܶ࣬Ѿȫ͸ˣڵۺ¾ʥһĸ֣ҲܹǿС
ѾҲѾĥƽʲôʥǿĿж˾â·ҪҶС翴ͨ͸ֻǣǿҶСͨһģһͿκζ
ǰܲҶСʵʵʲô磬Ǵϵܹһǳ׵׵Ŀ͸ˡ
ʣҶСΪ嵽ʲô磬ǾͲ֪ˡ
úáû뵽ǻľȻţҵΪȻ͸ˣò˶೤ʱ䣬㶼ܹԽˡΪֵʥǿͣЩ΢΢ļ·𿴵һɳ
ǰ˵ЦˣΪҪΪûи߰ʮܡҶСΪǫ˵
˶һı鿴ҶС磬ҶСһɻ󣬲֪ǵʲô˼
㻹Ȼ߰ʮڸʦΪѾʥˣʥ쾳粻һʥҪͻƼֱȵ컹ѣҪʥһͻƵʥûһʱͲܣοԽ󣬻ѵʱԽ㻹˵ղǻҶСԻ֮ߴ
ҶСЦһ£ȷʵЩˣԼ񹦹ȻǿޱȣڵٶҲ˺ܶ࣬ҪǷΪҪѶȼӴ˺ܶࡣ
߰ʮҵΪǺǡ־ϲҵ㣬߰ʮҿΪܹﵽʲô硣߹һЦ˵
ҶСû˵ʲôȻѾ˵ȥ˾ûջıҪˣ߰ʮʱ䣬ԸıһУ˵ᳬԽߡ
ʱ˶վĿŵâҪҶСΪ͸ϧʥǿ߶͸οǡ
ҿҶС绹һͨʱ֣Ƕ֪ҶСѾײһȼˣǻΪԼͻƵ˰ʥͲܺҶС໥ˣǣ֪ҶСͿԷ˵ԷǿĶࡣ


1083 
Ϊڵʲô磿һĸԶһҶСʵ
˶ĿͶҶС磬ҶСǵĵ㣬ؼҫ۵һǳ
۷壬֪ġҶСһЦ¶һİһƣ͸¶˳ȷʵ۷ɲһš
ݺݵѾһ٣Сʱ۷壬һٶ컹۷壬˭ŰһǻȡţҶС磬Ǵţô׵ˣ۷壬ⲻǿЦ
۷壬ûƭǡ˰һԼӣҶСһίӽ͵
ƳҶСһֱۣŤȥͷϻļһ
˵ӣҶС粹һ䣬ʶΪʱʵǲȵģλԽսһֻΪƿس̶ȣս̶ȡ
˵ҶСսͣҲ˵ˡ
ҶСĻ˻һ𣬾ҶС˵ĺеֻҶСĻΨ©ʲôƫƫһ˵һͻȻͣģܹùһĻһһ١
һˣʥҲǺ޺޵ҧղҶСǷҲÿ·𿴵ʲôҶСͻȻסͣһΣǵȻִڳѯʡ
ţ˵ĺܺãɼʲô˵ʱͬһε˵ļһЩ˵̫ߣ²׽ܡ·ͻȻ˵һΣӣһ֪ʦ
ҶСж͵Цˣ֪ǵ뷨Ȼƣ˵ֻѧϰǰ˵սЩս޴󣬵δغǣҾǲɼټԼսֻԼսܹӳ޴
ҶСĻ˵嶼˼УʥǿҲ˼ҶС˵ʵѾһʦˣǻű˵սûһԼսǺЦ1Ϊʥ֡
ãе˶ҶСͶмĿ⣬ʵĸлЩ˺ҶСԩҶСĻǿսһ;
˵Ŀ⣬ҶС絭һЦʾûʲôʵҲ֪ЩǴе֪ġ
ȿȡˣѾСһʱ䣬ΪҲ˺ܶ࣬һҪǣ˵񣬵˵ǶΪḶ́ЩҲ֪ʱˡʱ·ɵ
ܸӣ临ӳ̶ѾԶԶǵããಢΨһǻ壬ȥ⣬иָ壬ǵǻ۲ࡣ
ǶڱĿռ䣬˵ʱǰǶƬϳֹֻǲ֪ΪʲôֱʧˣĿռĿռУγһ磬Ǹ磬Ҳ˵κһ壬Ҳκһ塣
нһ޴籩ǧռ䣬ǸʱǿռΪʱһŹᣬȥ磬һռ类ռˣ»вʲôӣǲ֪֪һɽݶ˺һռǵ硣
εȥ鿴һʲôƻȻƻξ͵ǶɣȻΣǴڵģΣ棬ıڶ࣬˭Ҳ˵ʲô˭ȥǲǿ󡣡·˵꣬Ȼ󾲾Ŀˡ
˶ûվ˵ȥһ־бŹâûһ˵ȥ
ܺãǶ׼ȥˣȻûʧǻʲôʾ;ʰɣܸǵҶǡ
ĬƬ̣ϹʵǰǵΪôߣΪβ֣һݣ
ⲻϹҵʣҲеʡ
ǽȥʥǿһԽռϣֱӻᱻֲĿռ籩˺ѳɷĩ𣬲࣬Ҳƺһ·ɽ͵
ǲǱǷûжãҶСʵ
ţȷʵûжãǧǰŷֵģǸʱ˹ǲŷˣնЩߡ
ôפ룬׵ռ磿Ϲٴʵ
ÿϰ궼һռ籩Űеһжᱻռһָ˾Ҳ򲻴ˣʥ֡˵һƬį
ǽȥûƣ
Уֻܹʮˣʮһ˽Ļͻᱻռ籩˺飬عӰ죬زִƻˡ
˶Ĭ˼ź·˵ĻЩ֪ʶǼǵһ˵Ҫúõ˼
ʱҶСһζɻ鿴ǸѪɫռ䣬ɽǸؿռеİ㳡ϵЩ񡢽ϵĹЩǲǶ壿ҶС
Ǹ𣿰̵Ҫʲô֪Խ࣬ҲԽ࣬ŷȷʵܲ򵥣ڶ࣬Щܻ֪ģҪŬ


1084 Ľѩ
ȥʮ죬Ҫ˼׼ʲôҪʵ𣿡·Ŀһɨѯʵ
û˿ڣҶС翪ʵǲͨռͨ
ҶСĻʥͬʱĿͶ˹Ŀ֮ѱ
˭˵ģΪʥǿʵ
һǰ˵ģ˵Ŭһѽ٣Ҳ֪˵ʲô˼ĻǵĻУѲ³ͨͨҶС˵
ǰΪһޱˣȷʵͨѾӡˣһҲȷʵҪˣҲ֪ʲôѣһλ֮ͨǰģ˵һʱͻѽ٣¼ǲģǾͲ֪ˣ֮ҪһֶνΪʵΪʥǿ˵
ǲҪɻĿǣҲʲô֪ܾúܾǰһ£Ǽ飬˲ŵ룬๦սʧܶĵ伮Ҳ٣ʷ˶ϲ㣬֪귢ʲô
᲻֣ɵģԶʵ
ᣬǣΪҪǵʷֶϲ㣬ĵֵزǶѾǱū۵Ķˡʥǿҡҡͷ˵ˣǾͲҪˣǴﵽʥȥ磬Ƕһ£ЩԼˣҪ˵ȥ
ǣǰͬ˵
ˣĽǵĽ߰ɣ糿ʱ䲻ҪΪʥ˵
ǡ˵˵ͷȻ߽СľУСľзŶʮƳɵСӣÿһ϶һ˵֡
ùԵ߳СľݣʯϣʥѾʧˣ˻ųص˳ȥÿһ˼ͬ
֪˾߳ɽׯ߳ɽׯǸӵһһȺ뿪ˡ
ɽׯſʣˣҶС硢ϡࡢ̡ԲպͶС
ҲԷֿɣټżˣҶСǺһЦ˵
˵˵ͷȥǶԼҪһ˴һ
ҶСѡһ뿪ˣʶչԺг֡
Ի˺ֵܶϢʥ־ͽӽʮ֣Щ˶ǰб쵼˵ġ
ҶСѰһ£ֻҵĽѩλãʱھһŰĹԺУбУ˶˿ռ䣬û˷ټ
ûһӵʱҶСͳԺ丽һôԺΧվʮǹʵľˣһɱܹÿһ˶ʵǷ֮⣬Ժڸ仹ߣһһϢȻѾ˰ʥ硣
ĽѩүүǾҪҶС綼֪ЩʵİοҲˡ
ʱĽѩںһϸԺϴһˣϸ˴úʵϵԺ͸¶һ԰֮
ҶСֱӳ˿ŵĺԺС
ѩҶСӰӿռںϵ״̬Ӵһӱ㵽Ľѩߡ
ʲôˣһ˲䣬߾ͳԺС
棬֡žһ롢ٵĽŲ϶Щǹʵľˡ
С硭ҶС磬Ľѩ¶˾ϲ֮ɫҶС쿪˫۽Ľѩ˻С
Լˣ°ɣ鷳ˡϸ˿Щ˵
ʲôˣһɫεߺ󣬽ĶҶСʵ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ıҶС綼ѵʮ죬һﶼѩѩ󰡣ҶС̾һ䡣
ѩδ㻹ʲô£ҶС絭˵
꿴ǵӱ˼֣ҶСĻеļ֮ɫŨˡ
߰ɣһͬ˵
׳סĵطԺҪô룬˭Ҫչؽ룬ǿɱϴˡ궢ҶС˵
⻰ҶСм΢΢ˬҲû˵ʲôһСѣòźһʶҪʰʲôʱ򶼿ԡ
꿴ҶСһۣȻͬһ뿪һĨ֮ɫ
ѩλСӾƽߵСɣһСЩ뿪ϸ˴ҶС磬סĵͷһ֮ɫ
⻰ĽѩϽҶСĻѣϲ˺ΣĵҶСһۣƺҶС粻ǰ§§
Ҫ˼һˡҶС΢΢һЦ
ĽѩҶСһۣȻҶСĸ첲˵̣С磬С磬λ̡
̺ãıȽͻȻûи̴һЩǱǸҶСܹ˵
ͲҪˣѾܸˣ°ɣҪվţ⺢ӡϸ˺ǺһЦһ֮ɫ


1085 ˵ĺͰ
лл̡ҶС˵һȻԺʯϡ
ҶСһһ̵ĽиͣϸϵЦݸŨˣÿ˶ϣ飬ڿԼ谮ŮԼϲˣҲĽĽѩˡ
ĽѩԸҶСˮͲˮһܴӣҲʯϣѯҶСǸ·ҪҶС˽ͨ͸
ûһŲһʮ˺һ˳ҶСԺУ˵ΪѾǰʥˡ
ѩǲСˣ˾˻ʮ׵ľ룬ʮ˵
СѾˣѵ㻹ûпǵġϸе΢΢Ŀˡ
үүãҾҶС硣ҶСվ˵
һ˲ŰܹȵĿ¶ûм̾һ˵
үү˵ЦˣС绹ԶҶСǺһЦȻĽѩ߹ȥ˵ĸ첲ߵʯϡ
˶ʥǿҲ
ףʥʯҶССʱ¶һ˿ȵı飬漴ĿͶҶС磬벻㻹μһһᲢҵõ˽ΪѾ˿ֲľ磬ҾȻһ˿
ˡҶС絭һЦ˵
һĽѩүүŹâҶСΪˣʵжǿˣȻ˵Լ͸ҶС磬ҲͱʾҶСôһλŮôܹ⣿
һ㶼ûйһ˵ʵ̫ǿˣǽɽв˳̾һгһ˿į
Ǹ̾һ˻˵įҲǣ̾ʱį
ǰΪҲܸߣѾǰʥ۷ˣͻ֮ҲԶˡҶСǺһЦ˵
ɣ˵һ㲻ˡ
С磬Ȼ˾үүסɣȻүүѩ˵ˣһֱûм㣬үúġϴźͰЦ˵
ãллүүүүһûеطסҶСǺһЦ
һĽѩԼȥ緹Ľѩүүķ㲻ʲôϸӲҪÿһٷˣΪѾϰˡ
õʱ˳ĺ֪֮ƽƽ棬ƽеĵεζǷྴдգƽʡ
С磬ھǿѧһʱ䣬ܲܰүү̵һЩöɣ
үү˶೤ʱ䣬ҪˣҪҶСǸһЦ˵
û£û£ǵҪʱһҪүү˽ضҶС˵ΨҶС粻Ӧһ㡣
һҶС籣֤
ĽѩүүоҪæһӳԹһҶСͽ͵鷿
ߵһƫƧͥԺͻȻ˵С磬ɲԼʶһ֣
ԡҶС˵ͷƬ̣˶˵ضŶԷͻȻ䣬һ˵嶯ˡ
顭˵ǰǶֻóԼһʵѣҽƵһķΧҪȻ˱Կ¶ܽһȫˡ
ҶСѧսޱǳѧսо˰ǧһ㣬ǿֲԽǺҶС򶷣ԽľȲ˵˵ʵ͵ʽս裬ԶԶҶС磬ŸоһһʵĿֲ
ءһ죬ҶС˿岽ŽǹɾжȥһһףȻŻָԭӡ
û뵽ʵѾǿֵزһжǰ棬ᣬǵڼһֱߣ鶼Ǻ˽⡣ҶСʵ
ҶС絭һЦһָʾһ
ֲãҾ˵һһʵôߵôףͲһĸ֣һδͻƵĸ֡̾һ˵
ǺǣˡҶСǺһЦ˵
һ㶼ûйһȷʵ£ѩ䣬һҪ׳İȫǸһǸ˵
û¡ǺǡҶСǺһЦ˵˼ҶС絭ƳһұߵݶȻͻص˸ոǸԺڡ
ҶС뿪󣬷ݶϣ¶ӰǾǸղųֵĸ֡
һ֮ɫĿҶС뿪ķ򣬸ղҶСսĳǶ
ΪҶС粻ֻһΪ߶ѣȴû뵽ҶС羹ȻһĵһˣղǶԴҶС̬ȣﲻɵһ£ʱ˼ǧתôȥεĹʧ
صǸԺҶСֱߵһĽѩС
֪ҶСȴҶСȽϵԺһ飬Ȼ׼ţ˵绰˵ҶСˣѾˣĽѩҪҶСȥ˵ȴһϾһȥ


1086 쿵Ŀ־
ͨҶСĽѩȴ˰Сʱʱ䣬ˣһͬǰĻڻǼꡣ
÷ˣһΪ㶼أΪӷ磬ڴĴ䡣һ߽һЦơ
ãлл㡣ҶС΢΢һЦ˵
һ˻ʲô˿ûΪҶС߶Ǻһ̸ۣӲܹ˶༸С
ΪҶСһЩ꣬Щ˿ҶСжһ˿ɵһ˿ҶСݣǶ֪˼֣У֮˶ǲģϾѾ˷ɵƣοҶС绹һĸ֣˽лɾ˭Ҳ
ЩˣҶСֻǵĵ˵ͷǶԼһΣҶСǽأ
ҶС߲ͬһֱڴ˶ͨ˲ǰ㵭Į
ֻԼŲеļôƽȵȥԴأװаϵһЩͬѧǰͲʲôݣҶСȻ⡣
΢һ£ҶС罫㽫ǵ׵Ժ
߳Ժһ˶˳ҶСĽѩ쿵ĳϡ
÷ȴһЩξתһתȥʼһƯŮӺܶ࣬÷һܶŮӵ˵кλƯŮһԹ˵ţȫûע⵽ĽѩĿԽԽ
ͻȻ䣬ܵ⣬ŤͷһĴһԼöڳ棬Լ֪أȻҶСȥŮӣⲻ
쿣ʼһǲкܶƯŮӣҵҪúüʶʶ㲻ĻǾսһɣĽѩź⣬Ϲҳһ˿Ц˵
ѩ棬ҲǿЦģ˼˵ŮӶˣҪһõģѩҲ뿴ô˻ûһŮѰɣ쿿˵һʼ֪ĽѩҲߣ˵СĵĽѩĽѩһĹûеطʩչⲻ˻ᣬֱӺ쿱ԣ쿺˺Լó飬û뵽ԼȫǶ֣˼ҵ½Ƕͷò˿־塣
£Ժ׼СȥĴܲͲôõĻأĽѩһ˵ݺݵĵҶСһۡ
ҶС΢΢һȻû뵽ͬһ߹ʥĽѩʱһ˿Ů֮
ʲôò׼ȥһŮӷһˮ¶ԵĽѩһ˵
аѩڣôȥŮӵģֻǾղе㲻ͬѣ˵ͦƵģΪһŮкܡҶС佱һ¡
Ľѩ¶һ˿΢΢ۺϲɫ˲ʧˣҶСʵô
⡭ʵʵ˵ɣΪ㲻ǣǲ㣬ο㲻ʱ̶ѣֻҪŬһܹǵġҶСᶨ˵
𣿡ĽѩһĨ⡣
šҶСĵ˵ͷ
ҶС˵ͷĽѩıҶСĸ첲Ȼ˵С磬ҪŮˣĻѾˡ
ȻٲŮˣŮͶͱҶҪһ»ݡҶС籣֤漴ĿһĨϲɫѩǲѾԭң
ҶСӣĽѩﻹ֪ܲҶСʲôյĵҶСһۣȻҶСšһȦ붼Ҫ룬Ȼԭ㣬ǲҽǣʫǻԽܣߣˡ
ĽѩſҶСĸ첲ŤͷһҶСӡ
ҶСϽʹĥӲݣ޳ܣ⼸ַ쾡£˵Ҳ׷ŮӵľС
ڼʻλõһĽѩĿתˣͬʱҲڴҶСϽĽѩοãҪȻҶСһߣҪΪͲˡ
ҶС罫ĽѩοȻĽѩȷʵе˵ĲҶС磬ҶС簲οһ¶ѡ
˵һվȥǾѧΪĽѩҪھѧǰ˽һΧĻУ԰ڲĻ
ڷżٵԭһߵѧڣоտˣ·ߵʯʣͤдеľ峺ޱȵĺˮһԶĸоѧһĿѧôʫ⡣
ھѧһȥ˾뾩ѧԶļż԰֣ǹһڷɾĳǡ
ʱҪһǲܵģǽڼɫĵطһȦǲڻ¡
һ˹żʱѾˣ̫ѾɽˣɫҲɵģֵϵ·ƶ
Żʼһȥ
Ľѩ׼ȥϾͬеĶˣ쿵Ļе㲻ģ˲Żȥ
ƽ½ڽһ¡ϵһֶŶٺ١


1087 ʼһ
ҹϰϰƻͨ޺ƹҫϵĲʵӳɻԣ֯һٲʢͼ
վտЩƹһſҫǳѤã·Ź˲ʢ˳񰲾ҵ֮
һޱȵĽֵ磬ֵԻԻʹĵ̲ʵҫγһʴ·ϣ׳۶λá
һԵĵ̶ݳƷ͵ģʲô鱦ꡢʲôʲôƷװר꣬и߼ȵȣΪ۵ҪֵĻʼһˡ
ʼһװΪŴʽװ޷ɫͳһΪɫڵƹ£̻Իͣׯ£
ʼһȻһֵϵơװޡǷͷƨϲϣˣͣڻʼһǰĳûһģǧĳǱȱȽǣܶ·ˣһ۵ʸûУ·ԼһۣԼԱ֮
ܹ뵽棬ݵӰȨҪʼһǧѣʹǮûϵĻԱƼûʸ룬ҪΪʼһĻԱҪʮԱƼܹʼһĶʲôˡ
Լ˵ңҶСһ˿˴˴ǽͣһţȻ˳
÷ǽȥһһġ쿺ǺһЦ˵
ҶС˵ͷĽѩҶСĸ첲ߵǰ棬ҶСһߣ΢°벽˶ں棬䣬ҶС
ߵʼһſʱĸƷŮӹĶһ˾һһ˶ǾˣŮӵȻʶȻûмҶС磬Ǽһ֪ҶСܲһ㣬ο쿵ˣȻ赲
չǿɶϡˣܶ඼ûˡҶСһ˸߽һұŮŤӭ˹
ŮԼʮ꣬ɢһɳϢֳöÿ
ҶС⣬ж¶һɵĽѩҶСһƬû¶κεķ˿˿ġ
ʱ䲻ƽƯˡ쿵һЦ˵
˵ЦˣѾˣһϡŮ¶һ˿Թֿд˿˿˸еκ˽ӵ뻳ϧһ
ŮӣҶСһ̾һʺ֣ϧѷ֮ҪȻ˵
ѾǵˣΪ۹ҲϬޱȣһӾܹһС
λǣѵٲΪؽһ£ʱؽĿͶҶС磬¶һ˿˿ĺ棬ΪĹԱ۹⵱ȻҶС߽˳ͿҶСǼ˵ģҲ˵ҶСݱǼߡ
쿲˵ռүޱȲ񱳾ˣǾȻԸҶСҶСһ˿棬οҶСǵһ˵ʡ
λҶС磬÷λãĽѩΪؽܵ
쿵ĻУĿ¶һĨ֮ɫ˲ͻָƽЦȻܿ˵ؼҶС繫ӡ
ҶС΢΢˵ͷû˵ʲôôڽʣοתתѣЩôϲΪ̫ˣ˵̫αˣŮ˺ܲһ㣬ǸҶСϲŮ˴򽻵
ҶСû˵¶һĨʧ֮ɫεĺܺãû˷֣ĿͶĽѩһĽ̾˵óÿƯýĽѰ
ҲúƯĽѩǳǳһЦ˵
ᣬҶСϸĴһã÷ǳװ޵ķǳž£ܵǽϹŸ滹ڷһЩĳиСͼɽٲӼɽ£컨һյˮգҫŶĿĹʡ
ǻʼһȻǲ
ƽ㣬Ƚ룬ʱһġ˵һ䣬ȻʹҶСᳵ·һԲδ˽ȥ
ż߽ȥıӰǻ۵Ĺâڲ²ҶСݡ
ҶСһдĸԲδ߽󣬱һȣǽڶľɵģŸֳ޷ݵͼйŵͼܶ˿ڵʫȵȡ
ǸŮ˺ܲ򵥣򽻵ҪСһ㡣ҶСһ쿡
÷һӶˣǲһ㣬Ǽư׵ˣưǾ֮һھ綼кӰ磬оȨΪҶС͵
ǰҶС绹һһľƽˮ۹ѾͬˣЩĴ˵еЩԶ˼Ь䣬Ҫһ׼һ仰£ҶСһоûС
ҶСЩȤѣ쿿Цһ¾ֹͣ˽ܣ뵽ҶСݣǸͲͬʱˣ˼ҸͶЩں
ʱһ˹˼߳˳ȣǰȻʣľдУͤһ̻Ի͵ĹУϪˮʣһɹŵϢһ徲ŵĸоʹŷɣ޾


1088 һ仰ĳͻ
ʱ֪ӺδƮиһɡ
÷ôɣȫǹŵ佨װޣҪ޽һŴʵõйͻ԰ֻûôأ޽̶ֳȣ̶ֳѾܲˡŹâ˵
ţȷʵϲˡҶС˵ͷ˵
ҶСĻ˶ĿҶСһۣҶС仰ڳ޻ʼһ˵ʼһһ㡣
ҶСȷʵһ㣬ɽׯԶˣûȥɽׯһԶ쳾ĺõطɽׯ֮ͨɽׯİٷ֮һ
ôĿɽׯǲһһȻʼһʱһг
˿ȥֻһװһվһͤпǣ߻мŮ
ĻǼɫúѿ
߰ɣòźǼƽϡҶС˰˵ǰȥЩ˶ҶС˵ʵ᲻Ȥ
ⲻôʲôʱôųˣʱٴδ˹г֮ԡ
мɽׯͱЩˡҶС۾һб˵
˵ʲôٰѸղŵĻ˵һ飿ҶСĻĻһ¾ˣҶСһ仰ʵ̫ˣԾ˵Ǽ˲
𣿡ҶСٴε˵
ܺãܺãû˸Ҹô˵ǹȥҵҪʲô̡һ˵
˵ƹȾ˹
÷ƣҵˣ;綼вС˵ȨΪҶС˵ͷ˵
ҶС絭ĵ˵ͷûںЩûзǼǰȥ
ʱһŲ𣬼Ůһ·˹һ
٣û뵽㣬ôȥѪˣǲǸȥĵطҶСһˣһɫзװ˵зȵӣ˵Ļȴ̡
ȥȥҲδ̫ܵ˰ɣȻ˵
٣ѵҵˣѵҵ˶һУҶСĿͶĽѩĽѩĵ˵ͷ˾ҵˡ
Ǻǣû˼ֻǾеְˣѪһ򿴲ǣ˵ֻ֪绨ѩ£סһȭû뵽Ҳı˰á겻˵˵ĻнУԵ÷ƫƫԱ߼òŮӶһ۳ԵĿ
ҵˣʱҶС翪ʵ
Ҿǣǣʮзȵʵü΢ҶСݣղһ߹ʱͿҶС磬ܹһǰӵ˿϶мͷֻû˵һˣҲûдк
㻹ͦģѾ˺ؾˣԶˣǳǸļƻΪΪѾأֻǿϧҶСһĿ˵ҡҡͷȻͼǰȥ
ҶСһɫ΢΢һ䣬˲ָҶСʵ˭
﷭κˣ˼޵⣬˸Ͳ֪û뵽ҶСһ¾ͿֻһԭǾҶСЩˣвǼɵͿ־塣
˭㻹ûʸ֪ҶС絭˵
վסһСﾹȻҲôſ񣿡ҶСǸոʮʱһ˹ơ
ҶСͣ˽Ųתƣ絶Ŀų
ҶСĿ⣬һûڵϣ˵Ŀ־塣
վסҶСܱ䣬ǴӾ֮´
ͨڳܲסҶСѹһƨ˵ϡ
ҶСһŤͷ뿪
Щ˿ҶСĿԲͬˣһޱȣҶС̲ס˶үǵĿ̫ˡ
쿵Ĵ£ҶСһȣһǰ棬Ź͸¶һ˿ҷ
˿϶˹һңд֣ŷ
÷ȽȥԸȻȥطȫǹŵеķԱŹװȵζͲض˵ˣʵһĴֻǲҪЩһͻ֪쿺ǺһЦĽѩһۣȻҶС˽ȥ
ū澼λүһ߽룬òŮӹ˵ͳһŹŵװһֺǴԽ˹Ŵĸо
𣬴Ϻ̸󡣡쿰˰˵
٣Բ𣬺̸дϣҪҪǸŸôһŮ˵
쿼ɫΪ̸ʱѾԤˣһдǣüǧ˵
ŮһΪ֮ɫһԥӡ
㣡쿺ܲͷ˵
ǣүŮ˵һ󣬾ܸϽȥ


1089 żȻ
÷򣬶Բסû뵽ǾȻԤĺ̸ڳԷ֡ε˵оԼ̵ģ·˴һ㡣
û£ȥмˣؾǸƻһռԤķԷԭ򡣡ҶС絭һЦȻĽѩ˲һȥ쿵˸
ǲȥʱڣһŮԱ˵
һŤͷݺݵĵһŮԱŮԱûи˵Сͣһίӡ
СȸǶݵˣǶﲻ𣬼үǡһŮԱο̾һҪˡ
ҶСһľ¥һһȥһֱߵ߲ͣһ¥Ϊ̸
ղŸߵſڣϺɫľžʹˣղȥŮԱ˳ɫæ
үүǡŮԱĻ˵һ룬ҶСʹĽѩ˽ȥ
״Ҳ˽ȥֻŮԱǲܽ롣
̸ڣ˻йŴҹ
ʮŮУｻһɻֵա
ҶСĵ涼·ǻֹͣһ㡣
λֵֵ֪ܺܽǣʱһվʵ
ҶСûдǽĿͶƤϵˣŹâԭֲʹԤķ䡣
ԶϹҡ׷顢ɺŷ컪
ҶС磬˵ɫе㲻Ȼ
û뵽ǻһһѶǧѰԶһЦ˵
ԲҲдүǲռԤķ䣬벻Ҫ֣ԺԷһжѵġǧѰ˵ɵӣԶԴԷ̬Ⱦ֪Է϶Զһˣôﲻ
лˡҶС΢΢һЦȻĽѩһλԷģµģҲνˣ쿵Ҳ˽ҶСߡ
ҶС缸ˣǧʰһ£»һˣȶģȴ˼˿Ρ
һҶСͿٵĳˣĽѩò˼ҶСšһ£ҶСٶȡ
̸ڳ⣬ҶСĳԷˣ˶ǳȼڣͣǶҶСޱȣû뵽һһˣԷȻӡ
ô۹⿴ңϽԣٲҾͳˡҶСĵһ䡣
ȷʵ̫ˡ׷һ˵
Ҳ̫ˣûгԹôóԵģǼȲЩ塣ҶСװģ̾һ˵
ʵܵﶼܳԵЩˡԶƷһھ˵˶ʵ׼ûУ
ʲôû׼Ѿ׼˶ԸҵķѵǻʮҶС̧ͷʵһŽɫ˲ͣһԱȺ˵ӡ
ǼҸͲ֪Ǽģֻһս㣬ûд֮ǰҲϣԶ˵
ţ㻹һֱˣŲǿˡҶС˵һ䡣
Զɫ䣬ǧʹһɫǧһ뿪˺̸оֻʣ˺ҶС硢Ľѩ
ǻʲô£ҶСʵ
˽٣ԶʵҶС֪ʲô
ɽׯǰҴû˵ҶСҡҡͷ˶üͷ˵֪ȥǲֻǻߣѵҵ߶֪
ʹĳˣ˵ǰûһȥλҲûȥԶ˵
ǲһһΪͳһܸߣĿһᣬһĥĻᣬҵһȥģȻҲˡҶС絭˵
˼С
ĿЩ˽⣬Ƿ˵һ¡ϹҿҶСʵ˶ĿͶ˹
Ҳûʲô˵ģʵѾֹֻЩ߸ϵ˲֪ѡҶС絭˵
ȥʱֵ÷зĿֲ¼һѪɫɵģûй̶̬һһܹ壬ˣ˷ʤѪΪʳʳѪˣֻʣһǼܺһƤҶС絭˵
ҶСĻ˶һ
Ǽ̸һһ˱뿪ˣǼ˵Ŀе֪ܿǵļҪԼ֡
쿽ͻȥһ˱ص˷䡣ĽѩĵĿҶС˵С磬ҪͲȥˡ
һᣬûĥĻҵΪͲܿٵû㹻ǣҲǸܵ˺ҶСĽѩڻ˵
һҪСģĻĽѩҶС˵
ţһġҶСᶨص˵ͷȻͻȻһЦһΪСأ
åĽѩһ콿ĵҶСһۡ
ҶСЦһˣĽѩĸˡ


1090 ֮
ʱһζ죬ҶС죬Ľѩָָ֡似ϱ״̬ΪԽʱ䲻
СиոһЩûü룬ͱԶ̾ʱ̫ˡ
峿࣬ո΢ҶС˫Ŀâһ׼ͻȻԼһͷһȴĽѩԴ˯ˣüĿһɫ֪ĽѩΪԼһеǡ
ĽĽѩ˴ϣǺñӣ·ϴһ£Ǹ﷭ƿ+ָҩҺװһʽƤУ·Ƥڼϣվӣоܹ죬ͣһ뿪ˡ
ýѾˣǱѾˣϴѧ飬ܹʱĻʫ
ʱɽׯǸڣվڶ֣Щʮ˶ǰʥ˶صǿߣһɿֲ
Щ⣬ʮʥ֣ǶĵȴţһЩϽ˲ͷ֮ɫ
ڣһƿҶСӰУ˿治Ƕʮһڣʮʥ֡
ߣôļӣȻô˵һˡһɫ۵ŷ˵ź⡣
ǰʱġҶС絭˵һ䣬û˵
ˣȻ˶Ѿˣ߰ɣгֵΪ˵һâһסҶС硢ϣվľԶ֮ĿռǱһ㣬ֱվһһֵΧ˺ܹڿռгһ㡣
໥һۣ˴˶Էе𾪣ʥǿ߹Ȼ޷⣬յѾǳƵˡ
ǲþȣⲻǶԿռһ˿öѣǽʥȻסʥ˵
ǰΪʲô磿ҶС繧ʵ
ʥĲ۷壬Сһúǳ顣ʥǿ˵׼Ҫˡ
˵꣬ǹʧѾһ޼ʵĺϣ˸Ͻתվ˺ϡ
ʱͻȻ䣬Ӱ˺ϣǸղվеЩˣʣǶǱʥǿߴġ
ʮʥǿվɫ⣬Ƕվںϣ㣬һͷˮ֪⻹Ҫȴ
Լʮӵʱ䣬ͻȻ䣬ǿϢǺ·һߣ죬Χס
ҶС翴˿ʮʥǿߣ߰ʮʥȷʵֲޱȡ
ǻĵĵطѵΥԼ𣿡ҶСǹʥǿĿһɨ˵ϵƳ𣬺ƱҪ嫣̫֪ʱѾʧˣͻȻΪ֮һƬնڲ
ǲûΥԼ籩ϾҪһռУһ嶼ܹ룬ҲԳǶǹͬһƬռ䣬Ӧͬά崳ЩСǽնɱ壬ǲҴٽһ𷢵һ˵
һ˵ùûʣһһα
ǰΣôǵĹͬάƬռ䣿ҶСʥǿһ˵
ǰǸͲ֪£ǻĽص̫ˡһʥ˵\ľˡ
ߣˣѾˣǡʮˡ
飿ΧҶСһȺ˵Щʥǿ߶üͷȻǸͲ֪ơ
ǻеάƬռķϣֻʮҪȻ͵û˵
С
С
ʮ̫ˡ
һʱҶСо˺üĿͶϣһɫʿһһĿǳȵս⡣
ʥû뵽Ѿ˰ʥ磬ѵԽԽˣҶС
һҶСεЦһ£һŰµǸҲΪ֣ܹúõдһ¡
һĿͶһ˶һ£ѩ˳ȾͬĹ°ѩһҪĶࡣ
ȻҶСϣһĿͶѩʱըĽ⣬սܵԷĿѩҲһȻ˵Ŀ໥ײռںݺݶΧһ쫷γɡ
Χ˶ĿͶˣ̽һκ󣬾Ҳûг֣ľΧ¶һֹĿ⡣
˵ӣҶСһЦʱָоһĿעǵĿⲻǱ˵Ŀһɨͣϡ


1091 
ҶСŤͷȥһȻǰ߽࣬һǳɫȹ΢ҡҷˮĿдмָӣɣƱѩǸص˿·ֻһˡ
ǴǸΪ˾ҶСҶСйһϦ֮ԵŮӣԼӵ̫֮һʵɲ⡣
˵Ŀ໥ײ˵ŸԵĹ£ڻ£ճղ޾Ĳ࣬˵尧Թ
գȥĿ⣬ӵĵطĿƽǴûпҶСһһ㡣
ҶСɬһЦҲĿͶ˺ӵĵط
ձϴˮཻһʵ໥֮ûа취
˵Ӱ·뺣󣬾صһ𣬲ԶԿԷƴһ޷Խĺṵ
ʱҶСı仯Χ˵Уǵ⣬֪Щʲô
ʮУʮ˸ʱĵˣҪȻǾƾʵ˵ΪѾﵽʥ۷˵
ֶĬڻĵĺ򣬺ͻĵսǴ
ãҴӦһ˵
ҲӦ
ҵʥֶӦ漴Լ
ղŵĻѾˣһǽֻʮӦҪôΣأҾʮؾ˻ǲҪȥˣȥʮ˻ʮˣһʮ˶мǱԱڣһʥټȥʮˣȡһÿһȥ硣Ϊʥǿ߿˵
ĿһɨʮˣǶΪ˵Ƚһˡ
ȥȺ˼ʥ˵
ҶСһʮУʮˢˢˢ˳ۼһط
ǻʲôûУʥֽĿͶʥ֣ҡҡͷʾûʲô
Ǿˣʮ˾νˡʥǿ߿ҶС缸һ˵
νһǰʮ˶ʸ룬ǰʮ⣬ʣϹҡҶ޻ŷ컪ɡ塣
˶ǳԸˣй֯ˡ
ЩУǽеҲѾһ˵ȻС
ʱ˸оһҪصɨһƣһ̼䣬𶯲ֹռǲͣĲ
˶ʮӵʱŻָ˹ֻǰ߿һյĿռ䵭ط룬ˮĲƣͬһ㱡ᣲһܹ
ҶС֪Ϊ籩ıռϣ˵ĿⶼͶ˿ռϡ
໺𡭡ͻȻ֮䣬һǲ㱡Ŀռд͸˹
£Ƶ˲ϵԭʼʱݺᣬŭ졣
ռƺ΢΢һֻɫƬצӴ͸˹ֻצһϰĹǰֱִ׶࣬Ϊֲ
ֻצӴ͸Ӵ쫷磬ʱӿ
ƬռһʥǿߴһһȭŭڣһƬռ䶼ȭƶһȭƣܵС
䡣ԲʮڵĿռ䶼ݺݵĲֻԽɫצֱӱ飬ѪҺ£ҶСܹܵѪҺ̺Ŀֲ
𡭡һҺ͸˹ȻؼһƬƽ·ûзʲôһ㡣
ղֻצˣܹ͸ǸռϵΨʥһµǿߣǴֻצʥȫһֲ
ղŵǶˣڵϰһ䣬ϴνѾʱˣ˭Ҳ֪ǽȥһҪСġʵǿʥ֣ҶСһʮ˶
ǣǰ˹˵
籩ռҪ޸Ҫʮʱ䣬Ҳ˵ʮʱǱҪȻ¾ԶҲزˡ
˽½
롣ʥǿ˵һ䡣
Ƚ롣ո£żŲһӺڿնϹâôռд˹ȥ
ҵڶ֣һʥ˵Ҳ롣
ߵһһķ˽ȥתۼֻʣ̡ŮӺҶС硣
ҶС׼룬ԭһ롣
ϿҶСһ۷˽ȥ
Ƚˣ̸ҶС紫ȻӣС
ҶСŤͷһ۴ȻҲ룬Ŀе˼ȷô˭Ҳ֪ʲôһ߱ȽϰȫһЩ
ԥһ£һʧ
Ҳһ롣


1092 ֮
籩ʱܶطشȻֺɽ緢֡ȵȡ
ҲڶѣصĻҪغһ̨硢ˣɵʧ޷
Ҳ̨ܵϮۿڣʮ洬֮⣬кܶ˶ѡ
еĹҶæŸ־־ٴ롣
ʥ۵Ƭƽʮʥֶȥ˶Ƭ΢΢Ŀռ䡣
ĵѣһ£ǲĲܹٽ룿һɫװʥֿŻʵ
Ȼܹ룬㲻ŵĻһԡһʥ΢΢õ˵ǻʧ˺üʥǿʵĽôǼٵأ
лл档װӸм˵һ䣬ž⣬֪ʲô
ãװбų⣬ž߲Զһʥǿߴ˵һ䣬ʥǿߣΪһ⣬һռ˽롣
ոսȥûжãһҽ𣬲ҽȻֹ˲һ㡣
װһʥǿߺݺݵĵһۣһ֮ɫ֪˵ʲôʥǿ߶һʥƷܲ
λʮʱ䣬ǾȴɣԷֹǵ硣֯ʥǿ߿˵
˶˵ͷڶʥֺõһ㣬ͬʱգͨ˸ͷֲˡ
ʱʣʥ㿴ңҿ㣬еֱ˺еķء
˵ҶС׾ٵĴռ֮ʱ͸оһγɵǿǹֲޱȣ绹Ҫ£ҿʱֻˣҪȻһӻһ
ô£ѵֱӴȥ͵ˣҶС
ʱΧоǵһ޿ռ䡣
ѵЩǿռɣһʣû
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ͻȻһɫâҫĶڣͨһطҶС붼û룬һŤֱӴ˽롣
һҫ۵İ׹ﻻƣת䣬ͻȻҶСоԼȻ½
ӾָʱֻԼӴڸ߿գ滹ʮס
һǳ˾ϰ׵ĵطµҪˡ
ҶСһת彵ٶȼ˼֡
ڽʱ˿棬ȻûзһӰѵˣܣӦûҵģѵ˵ҽĵط磿
ҶС˼ϷתԴ뱬ˣû⾿ô¡
֪ĵطеой¼ſ飬޿ҿ־ᶨ񹦲ûбҡ
䡣һ˵ϣ³ӡӡѷ졣
ͷҶСƽһ̧ͷղµƬռ俴ȥƬռȶͲղŽĵط
ô£ռôȶΪһܹеһԣܴܲ򴩿ռ䣬ҪȻ޷ˣҶС
תȫȭΧȵҶСȭͷ£ȭͷʱˮһɫ̺Żһ
ơҶСһ˾һɣһȭ
¡¡ؼ䶼ǰĿռݺݲһᣲһ㣬ˣѷ죬ѷ̺ſֲĻҶСʮҴȥһͻᱻ˺ѳޡ
ôƿռô᲻Ǹ޿ռأô£ҶСüͷ
ȷʵޱȡ
˺ܾã벻Ȼֵ÷һת˻ָƽ侲
֮֮ǲ磬ȿط˵
ҶСϸĴһ£һ֮ɫΧããضһƬںɫʯûһ˿ļɵģһּΪĸоһʺĵط
ֵҵлмΪŨͺ쳾֮ҪȻҪˡ
ԣƬؿ϶ҪȻк쳾֮أҶС뵽гһ⡣
ȻǾжչʶ鿴һܣԲʮڶһȫǺںɫ鿴޹ֻܹˣ׼һǰɱȥ˻һ⡣
һʮӵʱ䣬û߳Ƭںɫط
ͻȻ䣬оµزʲôҪӽµһ㡣
䡭ںɫըںɫĹ˳ǵӾһʯͷ泤һӣ֮
ʵǿϢϿҲؾ磬ǣ˭֪ǲǼٵģĿŶԷ
ʲôȻսͻȻһֻԲԲĺɫһתһ񲨶ʹ˳
ΣЩײСˣȻԼʲôҶСһơ


1093 ʯͷ
ʲôôҲսҶСͬһ񲨶ĿɫâҪǰĹ￴ͨ͸ֻǰĹǳ򵥣ʯͷһһ㵭ĹΣӰҶСߡ
Ǿڹսеġһֻǳ԰˵·ڹսеͺ˽һ㣬գź⣬ҶСһëȻ
һѪʳѪʳǾܽΪһˣһֻ˵˴̶ľ񲨶
漴ԲԲһϣԲһҶС˹¡¡죬Ҫ١
ĹҶССģ潫ԼͨˣҪԼѹ
Ӱ·ԽԽ󣬺ǶҪɽ
ѣҶСһĳؼҵ£˹һ޴İƣݺݵ
Ƕһ㣬˲ͱҶСĳ˷ĩͻȻ䣬ƳöһСľЩʯͷĩзɳҪݳȥ
ӣԴȪɣҶСһһһץöͳҶСС
ö壬Ө͸ǳӴתһ˿񲨶洫˳
Źǡ
ԶˣҵҪǵʲôҶСֱ̾壬ӵʱҶСջĿ⡣
û뵽֮Ǻںɫԭһ޴սĽѪҺƬأƬصɫ˱䣬ѪҺоҲ͸˽ȥ
ؾ쳤ոһգ˳һЩ΢С壬Щ忿űеγЩ
ҶСעһΪΣյĵطǸطЩ͸ҽ룬ʲôطǾͲ֪ˡ
ԭǵļв鿴һʲôطǲ磬ûҲ֪һʧ
ҶС룬һöȫȻ˷ĩһɹɾ塣
ҶСȫУǾ̺һ˿΢־ҶСĨˣΪڵ
ǺööŪҶСһδӡ
Ļû£¡¡죬أںɫա
һɽҰããںɫؼ䣬Ŀ֮ȫĹЩһȣ첲Ǹʯͷһ㣬ӵĹʵǿϿ۷ôǿ󣬻Щʵ
Щ飬ҶС粢£µľʥʵĹ֡
ʱͻȻ䣬ЩԶֳһ·һֱͨǰ
䡭һɽҡض޴ޱȵ𣬿ȥֻһֻһСɽһιŲҶСǰСɽһľ˱ҶСͺһֻϣ̫Сˡ
࣬ʯĵ̸ʲôСɽһľ˸ҶС磬һ񲨶·Ǹ߸ϵľҶС硣
ʵҲʯһߡ
ҶС۾һʵ֪ࣿô֪ģѵ
ҶСһ⣬Ȳ֪ʲôط࣬Щ϶֪ĸط
ô֪ģô֪ģ˼Уһ޴۾ŹâһûԼô֪ġ
࣬ҲǴģɱ񣬾ҪǳͷͻȻ䣬бһõľ⣬ҶС紫һ񲨶
ҶС¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫҪնɱͷܹ֪һУ
¡¡ʱˣ̧һֻţͺǷǰĽֱҪҶС統һֱһ
ҶСĿһһȭŷϵơ
ء˵屬ը˿һһĺںɫʯ飬ҶСһ˫ĿѰֹڵ־塣
ҶС翴ö壬ö½䣬ͼĺںɫʯΪһ塣
ҶСһץöͳС
Ҫɱң࣬Ҫɱҡޱȿ־ľ񲨶ڴҶСûᣬɫâֱֱ˽ȥ
ʱ䣬ҶСջĿ⣬¶һĨʧʯҲ֪һռʲôֻ֣֪ƬںɫؽսܹʶԼ࣬ǵʶս֮˵ܹࡣ
ֵҵǻһϢＸʮи壬ǿޱȣʯǿĶ࣬ʱȽϳܹ֪ĳЩҲһҶС¶˳ϣĹâ


1094 Ӣ۱
ſ峤
ſ
࣬
񲨶ƳˮǰǵҶСһǸǿľ¿»ֱˣڵƣԻָ
ҶС纮һɨЦһйâһĨоʯ峤ʶȻƤУǰһѷγɣЩʯ˹һᣬǺ˾һ㡣
𡣡ҶС߳һ¡¡֮
ȳдӿȵľЩһǰӣʯ˹ޣ屬ѣֻһööӨ貵ľ塣
ҶСֻӶЩһһ˹̶̼ӣЩҶСǰһѣڲʶѾҶСղһȫĨˡ
ĿУЩó̺ĸװ˹ڼϵСƤУľڵһɹӿҶС磬۳һš
ꡭꡭѵһʱ䣬Щͻһѷĩ
ɱɶ࡭ɱྫ񲨶ٴҶСղҶСһǸоһ˿־壬Ƭֿ̺־ɢˡ
ȥҶСһеǸŷ˳ȥ
䡭֮𣬱ҶСѹһը˿ɢ˻ص񱩵ӣγޱȾ޴ķ籩
籩Űһֻֻʯ飬ʱ䣬ҶСռ壬̺ߵ̺һֱա
ֲɢ֮ʱԲǧ֮ûһֻڡ
ӡӡ̫ˡĹﱻҶСֶγ׵סˣŵȥ
ҶС˫Ŀ磬ڶݵʯڶкɨʵĹȫͳ˾壬Ĩɱʶ
ɱ¾ʮӣҶССƤװĹĹĵģӾͲΪս󲹳ˡ
֮⣬ԭվĵطһѻһ˶ߵľ壬ɶǴ
ҶС羲վڶྦྷǰ˫ۣתһɹЩӿһƥҶСС
Щ󣬺ܴһɢڣһֽһ֡
ӵʱЩ̺ͱҶСһȫˣΪһѷĩڵѾﵽ۷״̬֯ϸҲ˼ޣʣȫͨʮʹ֮еͨ˹ȥ
ҶСһ壬ž죬θͦˣĿ磬Ȼʧķжȥ
һӵʱ䣬ؼͻȻһ磬صɫҲɺںɫΪ˺ںɫӲĵɳ̬ǵһںɫɳĮС
ŽǰУԽԽ󣬺ںɫܼȼ罵ͣҶС˽Ų
Хߣһɱ˲֮أ·˵˵¡
ɱͻȻ䣬һڿصؼ䣬һɱ֮
һӰͻأ֣ףһֻֻӴĹ֮ϣֳַâһ죬ʮ㣬飬
ΧǸָľӰɫƬ޵ȵȸ壬Щࡣ
ɱȫնɱһɫֳַ컭ꪵбһӣһ˳ȥЩȥҲ˹ȥһɱҰ
ɱҽ𣬸첲ͷ­ȺзɳƥӣѪȻ棬Ⱦ˲졣
ϷʬϣѪ˺ЩɢŲʣУҪ˼ս
һı裬һѪʷӢ۵Ѫǲʵ־ؼ䡣
ҶСһԹһ㾲ĿһĻĻڱʹΪЩӢ۵ڱʹѪҺ𣬷·Ҫȼһ㣬ֳնɱЩ塣
ҶС΢΢һ̾ʧҶС֪ղЩӢǲʵ־Ӣ飬˵¡
ս϶ǸղǸչֵһ㣬ǰǰ̺Щսκε̫ǿˣǻأֻ׳־δĲ֮⡣
ʣһսǰˣսһƬصɫǵѪҺȾɵġ
ӢѪ˭ܹδɵս˭ܽһս


1095 Ʊ
ŭߵڼҶС·𶼱ȾˣѪҺս磬λӢ۵Ŀһɣһӣ˸ɱ֣ɱһǬ
ҶСڵѪҺƽָ״̬ǹɲսҲ֮ʧ
ʵ̫ˣЩ˶֪˶ˣǵ־ںƬأںƬռУԶ޷޳ӡ
ҶС̾һǰȥǾĵˣôǳ
ʯ峤ľе֪ѾĵˣȴûмʲôǸ峤Ҳ֪弫ΪҲûмƺηһ㣬ͲԽޡ
ʣҶСǰȥںɫɳڸأԼӵ·̺Ľ֮·Ǳײ
ҶС翴˿Χ߰ɢһЩĲƬнУаسǹͷ۶ꪵȵ
Щϲ˺⣬ѪҺ⼣Ľϣ֪˶ٸ£ЩɴڣЩ߰ߺŵȻһսļҡ
ŽǰߣںɫɳеıԽԽַ࣬âɱء
ͻȻ֮䣬ڶ΢΢ֽ֮ǴЩɢ
Ȼ䣬һâ֮ЩϱɱڣЩϵ⼣ɳڲزסǾķâ
âţ·ָ˵һսķɣУɱС
֪ӺδһС
ϣâ֮۳ʵҶС繥ÿһֵһ
飬ؼʵʵķâ
壬ԭˣЩıʯ峤˵ɣ
ȫЩͻĻ˵˺ˣҶС翴˿ܣеıӣ̽ںںɫɳһ̵ͳС
ˡ̵ҶСвУҪҶСѣǲŭ˵⣬˶ס
ҶСɫâѲˣΪɫâ˫Ŀбųֱ뵶ڣϵâͲܹ赲
ʶоȻʶʶ⣬һ۵˼·â֮â֮γ̵״·һСС
ʲôҶСһû뵽ھȻγֶ
۳״ЩƮɢڵڵʶһ鿴
ЩʶЩӢĲ־Ͳ֮۶ɵģӢսǵľǵڽ˱Уγ˱꣬ǵСĶ̵Ե۶ɵģղЩâ֮ɢġ
ЩΪؼģؼǴʶУҶС֪磬ʲôطͲ֪ˡ
ҶСһתǵ۵˼µķâգǵâ֮ڣҰֱƻڵһС
·ǸܵвҶСڵĸתǵâ֮ʱѪգѪⱻһ˿˿
Щ۳ķâֱ֮ǴĴ֮ﰡҶС˫ð⣬ϲãû뵽Ȼֺܹö
ʱʧȥ۳ķâǱ̵һѷĩ֮Իܹԭȫǹɷâ֧֮ţûʲôܹ赲סµʴʱš
·֪ͬѾˣ׵ؼ䣬ǷŭͲʡ
ʱҶСЩΪѣ֪òЩеķâһգЩͻȫΪĩǹʶҲ֮ɢǣգ̫˷ѻˡ
ǺˣȻҴǴӪնɱʿҶСΪ֮ʱһ񲨶ԶԶ˹
ҶСһ˲ʧԭأһǵ񲨶ɢĵط
ǰһ˷컭ֱֱںںɫɳУһ˼µķâ֮ɷâԺභ·֮еߡ
ӧƮŨŨıʹҶС翴ĺԣǴӧ۶ɵ塣
˷컭ΧƶҶСذΧ·ڱ˷컭ꪡ
ҶСһЦֱͺǵеһģһǵ棿гһĨ⣬һ񲨶
Ĵնɱ塣
ࣿնɱ壬ãôȥˣһ࣬ǵϣһҪݺնɱЩ̵
һģҵҪǵǵںϽҵ壬ҴһնɱЩ壬ǳսɱһƬءҶСһɢһ䣬˫Ŀ絶սϣ·䡣


1096 
ҶСڶһѣЩϰһһգҪѾ¶ˣЩڵķâ֮
Щâ֮ǱЩУʱԶţգնɱ塣
࣬ҴӦ㣬һҪǵýŵԣȻҰһŹ㡣˷컭дһ񲨶񲨶дżϲ·ΪԼܹٴնɱ˷ܡ
ҲǵġҶСᶨ˵ϲ֣û뵽컭ꪻͬˣһͻʡȥʱ䣬Щâܹ֮õĺںϡ
컭ꪷһɺƴƳ𣬷·ߣеıҪ
ŷ컭ꪷҲƴޱȣӦķһּ˷ܣѡ
࣬׼ãǶͬˡ컭зһ񲨶
áҶС͵ȶ˫Ŀ㹻׼ַ֪â֮һǳʹոһ̵ڵķâоʹ˵ôıˡ
ҶСµʱıס
ˡͬһʱ䣬һ۳ǸӵķâЩгһ̣𶯣ƺƵ£Щ۵ķâ֮һӰǶȥӢ顣
ЩӰӴ̺ķâһҶС˹ҶС϶Ϊһ۵˼µķâ֮ҲҶС塣
۵˼µķâ֮뵽ҶСʱһҵʹдڸַиһâ֮Ľ룬ʹиǾˣͲһܹܵġ
ҶСڲתЩâ֮Щâ֮󣬲ûУǸҶСÿһ֣ܷâ֮ˣ˳˺ܶ࣬ǸҶСȻʹѵͺֻڲ˺ҧһ㡣
ʹಢſ֣Щâ֮壬Ѫ⣬ڲ֯ÿһӶڲϼǿ
СȻѾһ飬ʱѾﵽǸ״̬Ķ壬Ϊٽһٴǿ󣬲Щâ֮İһʱ䣬ǹıϱˣ屻Щâ֮󣬻ﵽʲô磬˭Ҳ֪
ʱ仺ţЩâ֮ҶСںϵٶԽԽ죬Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬һ벿ֵķâ֮ҶС塣
ʱҶСϹâɣϢ˿һۣ·һַۣâܴ֮˫ۡ
зâ֮ȫ뵽ҶСʱҶСһ壬Ѫ̺ɷâ֮ҪҶСڱը˳
ǲ𣿼Ҿ͹ˡһľ񲨶ӷ컭дһضȻʧɫķâӷ컭ð
â۳ɷ컭ꪵӣʵһ㣬ΪһҶС塣
ꡭҶСںʲôһ㣬˫ĿȻâֱ˺ѿ˿ռ䡣
䡣ҶСվһɺƴ˼µķâ֮ҶСϱͷĿռֱӱ˺Ѹ飬¶˺ڶĿռ䡣
վؼ䣬ؼΨһûʲôܹ赲·ǻһضΪ֮â֮ʮǧëϸСĿռѷγɡ
ʱҶСѾȫһξ޴ɱ䣬ǿѾһ޷ǿȣҶСұ֤ʥֶûǿ
Щâ֮ϸģѾҶСһľ壬еܸ޷⡣
ҶСǹɷâ֮˼ڣָֻԭӣʱ岻ͬǰӨ񡢹âתе˼µİɫɢ
ﵽһ̶ȵ֡
ȫâҶС翴˿Լ壬·һ¶ûУƤҲڣһЩâ֪֮ҶСĶһ㣬Ͳи
ʱоڳϵ·һȭܽմһ
սһ࣬ʵ˲ֹ
Щ֪˶ٸµķâ壬嶼ԣǿиռ䲻ٻ£Ҳ˵ٶȶ˺ܶ౶ңе鲽Ѿȫˣʮ⣬Щһ˿ңĵİֻΪ̫ˣ޷ãҲ޷ˡ
һȻڻ³ƬеıΪһѷĩǸ˷컭Ҳ˷ĩںɫΪһ塣
ǰϢɣһδɵսҶСһ̾ŶϷɳ۶ȥ
ٶȱǰ˺ܶ࣬·ЩռԶΪ·֪жԵжôǿ
Ǹ˷컭ꪵе֪սڵķλ򣬿˵ԵشҪ뿪ҵҶСǸռе㣬е㣬Ȼ߳磬صǸռ䡣


1097 âĵһ
ҶСǸռеĶϣҪﶫǱ߱ҪҪȻ޷ͨ
Ǹ˷컭еĶҲֻôѣѾǲˣϾӢ־ӵеļǲȱȫ
ҶСâ֮ͻƣﵽһʱǹصķâ֮ʱսһУʮʥߺ󶼾쵽ǹɷâ
ߣ϶оҪȻôķâû뵽սûжþĻһɫƬ˵ӼΪ죬ű̹⣬ϻͻļ̣һ֪塣
ΧһŮÿһޱȣ۾˻ǣа
ӳǼ˲ʧԭأŹսɱ
ǸոʧãǶʮ֮òͻȻ仯ӣӴ󣬻̹ת˲˫ɫ͸¶һɲ̡
ϧǿ͵Ϯնɱǣû뵽սȻ˾Ҳȥմ֡һ˸߳һԴ˵
ȻǲҪҲԲǵõ־ҪȻ޾鷳һ˵

һŸղǰȥ
֮⣬кܶע⵽һ׷Źսɱȥ
սɱҶСͲ֪ԼȻôע⡣
ŽǰУɫԽԽǳָԭɫż仹ܹһĨ⣬Ĳ
ЩȥӢ־£ȻӰ쵽ֵزǵ־ѪҺԵƻЩɫֲǸͲܹ档
ɳɳɳڱеҶСͻȻоһ󶶶ͣ˽Ų˫Ŀɫâתɹ֮ɳɢ˵Щɳвд塣
ʱһطɳһСڣǸչҶСǰʱһֻǰСЫӣɫһ㵭ѪɫâֻǯŽ󣬲ʶ֪ʵޱȣǳβϵĶ룬ĺ⡣
ݵЩСЫӵްԴЫβϵĶһжأֻǲ֪ҶСҲһԶ
һ䣬޾Ыð˳һжǯӣĥҶС硣
ѾˣⶼһЩʲôҶСһơ
Ƭˣ֮Ҫ߳ʮŨ£Ҳϡ档
ʱͻȻ䣬һֻЫβͱֱʱ׼ˡ
ҶСһâųһֻЫӶʱͱǵâ֮ն롣
һֻЫͱ˴¨һ㣬еЫɧʮֻҶСȥ
ҶС˫Ŀзâʢһâ֮ɢ۳һѰѱЩΧƣɢſֲķâ
ʱЩâ֮ҶСҶСǾϸеķâ۳Ǳ̬й
ʮֻЫûпҶСͱЩâ˺Ƭ
ҶСͥǰȥԼҵĻ԰һ㣬ͲЩЫһǰߣһٴֶֹΡ
֮ǽһ㣬ЫѪҺɽˣЩЫǲǷɶ˻һҶС硣
Լʮӵʱ䣬ҶС˫ĿԿֱηâ֮ˡ
ǶԶӢ־Ǻ۳ķâҽǳΪɣһնɱ壬ҶС
Щ۳ɵıηâܹҶС˵Ļһ㣬ַâΪˡ
ҶС翴˿ɽҰЫǷܲϮü
ЩЫп϶Ыһͳ죬֯ЫҶСʶչ鿴Χ˾֮ԶһֻЫСһŵĺںɫЫֻЫϵϢЫǿĶ࣬൱
·ǲൽҶСע⣬һֻЫһ˵£Ҫѡ
ӵҶСЦһ˺һѱն˲͵˸ղֻЫڵĵطҽһ壬һɷâ֮´һ뵽˵£һֻӴܵЫ˲ͱҶСն롣
ЫնЫȫûһֻЫҶС磬ǷӴܣЩӴܵЫҶСԺͻȻһ뵽ʲôһ㣬һƤһһҺûڣҪȻҪֻˡ
ҶС罫ֻ˳ҳܣΧľºЩЫ¼
Ȼֻװ˿ڴУܰȫ㣬ڿɲٴͻΪˣԲõġ
һЩЫʧӰ٣Ǵûгֹһ㡣
ɳϵһЫʬ·˵˸ղЩЫġ
ʱսԵѾԶˣҶСҪչηɱʱͻȻһΣյϢ


1098 ޴
ޱ޼ʵĹսУȻ䣬ɳ죬һ籩ͻأγɣգ籩ѷ죬ܶɳѷ졣
ҶСŤͷһĻʱȾܣٶе˼£ַ籩ǲԿġ
ֻҪӽǹ籩һᱻڵѷ죬ڵѷѾɱ˾壬ǿֲп»ֱӻޡ
ɣҵôҶСոձһңͻȻ䣬籩γͻȻγɣǿ㽫ҶСȥҺն˳ȥ
ҶСһ亹һ籩սк޼ɣɨһУֲùսϸûֲĴڣ籩Ҳеԭ
ҶС·۹˷һ߲鿴˵һǰš
Ƭɳɢɳ˽ʵĵ棬ԶԶ䣬Ϳ˴ԴԹľиߴɭ֣ѾǹսԵشˡ
˿Щ籩ûоĵһͻȻ䣬ҶСĿһǰǿϢɱ˹
ҶСĵطտޱȣûʲôܣһĿȻԷڿѾҲûжܵıҪˣÿԼν塣
⻮˲䵽ǰһ֮ɫĴҶС磬ҶСҲǡ
ˣ˵ˣ˵Σȴ˲һΪϵ׺ǵûȫӡ
аޱȵ壬ҶСɢһ񲨶ʲô壿
ࣿһӵεɢ˾񲨶ûлشҶСĻ
ǡҶС絭˵۲塣
ԭͼģ̫ˡһӵŮε岻мĿҶСһۡ
ǺǣǸӵͼڻûȫʵ̫ˣһ˲ˡ޲޵ӼֱԭҰЩҶСҡҡͷһӿһˡ
˵ʲôͼ࣬ȻǸ߹ĺħЩ¼ȣԲԭ¡ħŮаȵǷŭ֮ɫɱȻ
ħ壿û壬ǳвϣ඼Ǻħһ磬ǻࡣҶСƽ˵
ϵĹƨϲҶС磬ھ˾յӰ£ҶСλѧʤΪšѧʡ˸ط
ħŮӷһŭľ񲨶ϸǵ˲仯һΣһǿӿҶСն˹
һдƣҪҶСֱӿ룬ħĸֶûг֣ǺڿϷһ㿴ⳡս
˵ĻǶô׶֣˭ҶСΪ̫ˣ۷ѣɱҲɱ˷ֲʲôΣգοҶСǵ壬ֻǸû뵽ҶСʵͲô򵥣ע˱ķ
ǰ˾壬ո˱ãھʵһֹҶС
˫ĿһһҪ˺Ƭصķâŷһ
ۡħŮһӱ㱻ҶСն룬ںɫѪҺһգۼ䣬ˡ
ֲ𺳣̫ˣһʥǿ߾ȻҶСôеһֱնɱŮеأԿֲ֮
ҶСû뵽ַâ֮Ȼ֮Ϣնգֱɱˡ
һԣֳ治Ĺֻ˶ԷǣҶСնɱȥķâɰ֪˶ٸ²۳ı꣬Ȼޱȣûʲôܹ赲
㡭徹ȻѾ쵽̶ֳȣôܡҶСϷâ֮󣬳һؼ䣬ħһˣһֲŵӡ
һԶΪȴûһܹҶСʱĳ̶ȣЩʥ˾صϹǿܱҶСǿ󣬵ǵԱȲҶС磬һ㱡ļӲͺϽ𣬺ͺǽȣͲһΡ
ʲôܵģһȺĿǳҰ޶ѡҶС粻м˵
һգһâ¶ĳγɣӶؼâǵأƬռǵӰ
ơ
ɱ
ħ壬ŭֿϣµ·˺ܶࡣ
䡭

ҶСһ֮£ʥǿ߻˳ȥնʥĸ첲
һȺ֪ҵĹϬޱȣȻҺֱӶԿ㡣ҶСһˣƲһԾصߣƳһˣҶС罫ĿͶǰһռ䣬ôˣ
˵ĺħʥǿҲĿͶ˹ȥкȻѵ߻ڣ̫˾ˡ


1099 ı
ҶСصһƬտؼ䣬ȻҶСԣȴܹǾ񲨶֪ҶС˼
ãûһ˳ħڵƿҶС磬һЦ֮⣬·ʵ˵û˰ɣҲŪʱ
ҽǾˡûħʥ۹⣬ǰ̤һϵķâ֮Ȼֱֱ˹ȥ
䡣ƬռҵӰֶ
Ӱߴޱȣ׸ңȫɫģǼͷƬ̵ҶסҪ֣ǵ·ͳûʲôֱϸĻͻᷢЩ̵ҶǴϳ
ľ塭ͻȻ䣬һӺħһʥд
ľ壿û˵ҲһȺûȫˡҶСƳʥһ˵
࣬ǿ󣬵ΪԼܹеùʥֵĶԿһľǱɫ۾Ĺâ
仰˼вҶС磬Ҳħ˴ϵ˼ǶҶСʵǿҪǷֿĻ϶·
û뵽һȺδȫ徹ȻҲôǻۡҶСĿ˵
ʥԸңһϰɣҶСȻվ緢ɳ¶һİԡ
ûͻǸƵʱҶСҪɱ˶úķ̫οӵ˰âľ壬ǿû˵
̫Դˣࡣľһŭ˵˫Ŀб̹תϵɫҫۣźħʹһɫ
ħ˶˵ͷʾԸһԸҶС硣
ʥһӣҶСͻȻֻ֣ӿڴóֻ˸˼ƬЩΪ˻ȥ󣬸˿ġ
ʥɫ䣬ϵľ֮ɫΪŨˡ
࣬ʲôħһʥǿ侲ĶҶСʵ
ǲ֪ѵûиоԼеĿ־˺ܶࣿҶСһɻӶʵ
ոտ˵ɫҶСоһƣҪ֮
ȻʵܹնɱʥǿߣҪǿжȡǵļ䣬еѶȣ˭֪ǻʲôֶΣҶС粻ðգֻܶǻˡ
ҶСĻ߸˾ɫ䣬һֻŵӡ
˰ɣѾˣҸղŽѾʩչһǵһƻѾһ֣ԺǾҪԹԵҵĻҪȻߺߡӦףҪͼ⿪û˿Խ⿪ҶС˴󳶻Ƥ
ʥֵɫøѿ
ܣΪһоûУͻȻ䣬ľһʥ侲˵ϳһ˿ŵӡ
ߣܹǾ쵽ǻܽⲻǵ𣿡ҶС罫ֻ˳ղŸĵƬϣż˻˻Ρ
ǶǸ֣ȻܹҶСеĻ棬Լһŵӣϵսʧ٣ãȻѵѾֵز
ղźҵĻܻɣ졣ҶС罫ĿͶ˸ղľӣ˫Ŀɫâݺݴ̳ͬʱԷڵ֮ݵĿơ
žľԼƶԼǺݺһơ
һʥǿߣ˵ǰҶСĻŵĻôѾŲˡ
ڴͬʱҶСҲһǵһγſưʥǿߣΪܹ޳ɰʥһ˲д֮ˣҺóɹˣҪȻֻöȡַˡ
ľôû°ɣһľҡҡ˦Լһʵ
û£ղҵĸ첲ҿˡľӿɬ˵һȻ֮
ô\ħһʵҶСʵǿڻơǣҪɱǾһ֮䣬ҶСȴûնɱǣ϶ʲôҪȥ
˵һǺħ˵ʵҶС翴ħʵ
Ҳʲô˵飬綼Ҫ֪˵ȥҲ޷οԼС˼У
ǺħһһʥǿߣʥǿߵʵΪǿѾڰʥ۷ˣʱͻƣʵԶԿʥһ죬ʮʥ۷ǿߣȻǻûдﵽͻƱԵʵȻɲ⣬˾ͱȽˡ
ҶС粻һħһȷʵʵǿ󣬾ȻʱͻƵİʥ֣ʥֹרΪ˽ûͻƣƾһ㣬ǵʵͲŲ
ŲȻṳ̂һȴʥ£ǵʵܹŲ߳һΣǶʮʥǿߣӦûŲΪ
ƾڵʵնɱŲȫûκ⣬ںħһͲ֪ˣֻҪṳ̂ʥ˶ûͻƣҲĶ֡
ڲΪԼģΪԼϵõ˵ģħ嶼Ҳ࣬˵һߵʵͺˡ


1100 ɱ
ҶС罫ĿͶľһӡ
ľһνʮûкħôܹ࣬ʱ̤ʥĸ֣ʥ۷ʮΪһˮƽϡ
ľӵĻҶСӳ壬࣬ʵôս඼пһ
ǹ涨ֻʮôܹôˣҶСʳɻ
Ǻħһλھ֮ͨǶʮĿȥʱֻһ˻ȥ˶Ҫħʥǿ˵΢΢¶һ˿Ρ
ľһʥֲ󷨣ŽʮʮѾǼˡ
嶼ӦƵֶˣֻûУ
ʲôĿģҶСضżʵҪնɱǿߵĻòôˣȻȴôˡ
ûв´Ļʹ֮ǲ󷨶ҪһĴۣҪô׵ĻһҲȡʩһʲôıҪ顣
ȷʵҪĿģֻ֪Ǽ³ɹˣǾܹɽ磬೤ʱ䶼ԣȫ¿ռ޸ֻҪÿһοռ籩ɨʱȥˣڵҪôͲܹ׵ģֲֻ֪ħһ˵
ҶС罫ĿͶľʥ֣ǶҶС˵ͷǰҲĿġ
㲻ܣǲŻʹ˵ҪȻЩǲ˵ģϾ¹Ĵơ
ʱҶСأΪ˶֪ʲô飬Ȼȴ֪ѵ滹ʲôزɣ
ڸ֪ĶѾ֪ˣֻʣ´ǵˣ˿ʥҶСĿһ˿۹⣬¶һ˿ƻ΢Ц
ҶСǵЦ⣬ʥж˲õԤУ·Ҫʲôһ㡣
ʥֻһһ˵Ҹѡ˭أԼ֣֡ҶС翴Ц˵
˻һһŭĿҶС磬ⲻɱ𣿲һ뵽ǵ˼У
ôҪԳ֣ĻóһЩҪȻǾͶȥɣҶС˵ᣬɱ֣װǻƣóֻ
ȵȡͬһʱ䣬˶ɢôһ񲨶ǻΪҶСʩչĳֲ֪ȡǵ
͸ǰʱǶ붼ѡ棬ǵԼͱ˵ͻʱѡԼţֻлŲϣ
ҶСȵþôһ仰񹦵԰յĺ׼׼һ
ҶСոսִֻֻ֮ʱһҽ
ҶС綼һסˣֻħʥֵĸ첲໥ͽ˶ԷѣһԴֱӱšʣʥǿߣһѪѪҺ˿ȴϡ
ľУȺҶСԻ˫ֻΪľĸݺݴͬಿλʥǿߺǱһ㣬ӣһ䣬ͬͻΪһѷĩںһ
Ҳ̫˰ɣҶСи̾һ䣬ǿܻһٶ֣û뵽ͻȻһֱӵնɱҶСûзӦҲӲ濴ЩĲ̣ҶСһɺ⡣
ڿԷŹ˰ɣľӿҶС缫Ϊ侲˵
ȻԣǻģȻµ֣ҵĻҶ֪Լôѡ񡣡ҶС翴Źâ˵
ڿʼָӣ𣿡
ˡ
ҶСĿĿͶ˺ħϣȻиҪȥ
ħԥ֪Լȥǲȥ
ģҲɱģҪնɱ㣬ô鷳ҶСһͷ˵
ħ룬ȷʵһ漴ԥ˹ȥ
ߵҶСǰ׵ķΧֹͣҶС硣
ʱҶС˫ĿһĨ⣬ǿӿΪ˼׶ֱֱ̽˶Էͥڴͬʱħ֮۳һöɫ壬öɫֱӳ˶ԷͥУҶСľöںϣȻ˿ҶСľö֮Ѿγ˹ͨ漴öڶԷͥеľܽ˿ˣҶСջԼľ
̼ΪݣһӶûõħֻԼһ£ָ
εǾǵĿ꣬Ȼ㱨ҡҶС
һ쵽ġħĵ˵һӣʵȴ룬ȻųȥһҪ¸һλ죬Լһ
Ͳ֪ҶС֮ǰһжΪԻǣǷ񣬺Ŀǡ


1101 
öѾ׵ܽ⵽ħӵľУҶԷһжĸ֪£ͷһܹƶԷҶС΢΢һ
ֶλǵһãû뵽һӾͳɹˣֶ񹦵ã֮ħֻҪ߳һ
һܹϢĿƶԷ֪ԷһУȲƵʱ򣬶Էָֻʵ̫ˡ
ҲһиҪ㡣ҶС罫ĿͶľʥǿߡ
ľǿߵ˵ͷ˹ߵҶСǰʱбһɲõ˼µâͬʱֻһӲĸҶС˹ȥ
һٶȿ쵽˼㣬ħİʥסˣûзӦֻҶСٶȱٶȻҪ죬һâ֮ŷΪһΣֱֱ̽˶ԷಿλͬʱƻΧһС
ľʥĸҶСֻʮ֮ԶҲûǰ֡
㡭ľʥǿ߲ŵĿҶС磬漴ĿͶҶСеֻƺЩɻʧɢ
ʧȥʶʱ򣬶ߴһ΢ľ񲨶綼ûпǣܴеֻûĹܣǸ߿Ƽ⣬һȺδȫ嶮򡣡
ҶСĻʧȥʱ򣬻¶һɲʡ
ʱľʥǿ߻Ϊ˷ɻңͺǷ绯˻ҽĿľľУһƬɫҶƬͺˮһɫΪƯ
ҶСһץƬɫҶƬУҶƬȻãȴһССΧѺۣǸղҶС綯÷â̳֮ġ
ڿˣҵ֪ģúô˵ΪҴ̽ϢҶС翴ħʥǿ˵
̽Ϣôϵ㡣ħʥǿ߼ΪԸʵ
ʱԻϵ㣬ˣˡҶС絭˵
ħʥǿ߿һҶСһͱǰԶɭַɱȥתһӣ¶һ˿Ц
һжҶСУ֪Щ̵岻ôԷȥ󣬿϶Ȳ鿴Լǲı꣬ȻԼϧҶС֪һö壬ƾźö֮ĸӦȫܹƿħʥǿߡ
ŶԷȥıӰҶСһ⣬עҰһöӡ
ĿͶˮҶϣ¶һĨϧ֮ɫƬˮҶеѾʧʮ֮˾ţȫûãһͷгһɫ棬ƬҶ˲䱻Ϊ˻ҽ
ҶСԶһƬһߣЩдľƬսμϷԵɭû·
ҶСһΣһɭзɱȥпܶԲԸɭ֣ɭǹɳƵ˸оΪˬ
Զ֣ÿһߴͦΡдУϳ˿ݰܵҶ⣬кܶǿĴӺĿݰҶı̲ݣǿϢյľһ⡣
ɭֺҶСٶȷ˺ܶࡣ
ٶȷˣڱԾɼޱȣУسɴ粻Ҫʹã·һֱܣÿһܹʮףΪУҪٱĿտط»һľ롣
ǿı̲ʱԺһ·ץסʲôֺûץס
Խ߶Խǳƣɫһعı仯Ͼռ䣬ûǳڡ
ɫһϵɭ־ſ˴ڵĶħɭֲܶʵǿҰ޶ð˳
ҶСû׼һֱֱǰߡ
ȻҶСôЩҰޣЩҰ޽ҶС翴һֻֻïܵĲݴСϣĶҶС磬ɭɭڳһƴӡ
໡һǺڷʲôźšһǺҶС籼еЩҰޣܵ˾һ㣬ȫȥתۼ䣬ҶСΧһֻҰ޶ûˣЩʧˣոӳˡ
ͻȻ䣬ǰߵҶСͣ˽ŲϹҳпЦݡ
ಡΧïܱ̲ݵĦתۼʮֻǹţһСҰ޽Χס
ǣôôǣЩͷȺҶСŨԭձȽϴ󣬶ǿᣬܶﶼʶǰʮֻǣѾǣ֪ЩȺʵ죬ϵëȫɱɫλĽ䱸ͳŪ
໡һӾҶС֮ԶĵطҶСĿֻһֻСţһСվŽƻ֮ɫȻͽСǣȴ̺ǿʵѾؾ磬ܹǣҶС绹ǵһμһ뵽ʵȻˡ
ȻʵǿʵҶСи㲻ʲô
һУֻӴҶС˹ֻӶŷǰצһǰһ󣬺Ҫ̴ҶСţһֻſѪڣҪҶСԴֱҧ


1102 
ֻ˹ľǣҶС˫Ŀâ֮ųȻǿɱҲ̡
⻰˵꣬ҶСϷâƳʮ۶ɣâΧĿռ䶼ڶЩΧҶСתռҲ
໡ҵĽֻ˹ľ˲ͱǷâıɱĩѪˮ
ܵҶСϵϢΧľУǾ֮ɫһȥԶһֻҲǿ־֮ɫʱ֪ǰ̫ǿˣǸ޷սʤ
ҶСߵḶ́ϵϢڵĺڶŽ̺Щâ֮Ƶľ磬֪ٸ۳ķâ֮ȫҶС壬ҪӴķâ֮Ҫܳʱ䡣
ÿһϸж۳һӰ򵶡򽣡ꪡǹȵȣҲҶС壬ԭ
ҶСܹķâ֮Ҳʮ֮һѣҪٵַâ֮սսա
Щâ֮ȫƿأֻƾɷâܹ֮ʥһؾǿ࿹⡣
ʱЩҶСȫշâ֮ս
𣿡ҶСĿˣΧ۳ı꣬ıһ㣬ȫ˹ȥ
໡ҽ˷һֻֻӴ屻ҶСյķâ֮г룬Ѫ涼Ⱦˡ
໡ʱֻɫǷһ㣬ӿնҶС磬бǷŭ
ȵľ㡣ҶСһɢŴ۵ķâֱֱһն
䡣һֻɫҫһƬɫâȻ赲סǹɷâ֮룬Ӵȴ˳ȥݺݵһϣһþ˲۶ϣ¡¡ĵС
ҶСĽĿͶһֻֻʵǿ󣬵Ǹղһ׹⾹ȻסâĹ
ʱֻվ¶־֮ɫһ˿ľ衣
ףҶС罫ĿͶԵһƬҶƬҶƿ¶һɰС֣ҶСһɻ֪ʲô
ᣬΧĿҶɢȫ¶˳һֻƴͰɫСޡ
С̣ҶС翴ɰС˵һ䡣
ѽɰС̻ӶצһܷŭӣһֻСצĴŰ޵ëƤմŵҶƬ
࣬뿪ƾ㴦áʱһ񲨶ݶ
ҶСһЦԼʣĶʮֻǺȫ֮ʲôƾãΪܸһ㡣
ҵȫܹնɱ㣬ʲôʸ˵仰ҶСͬһ񲨶мĿֻ
ֻɫͷ˿ֻɰС̣¶һĨᣬ˶٣ĿͶҶС磬ҿԸܶöЩѼġ
ҶС룬һ˫۾˵ãȥȡɲҪˣκλҪߣʥǿ߶ҺΡ
˶֪սթƶˣֿǵǻ۲࣬ҶС粻òһۣȸԤ롣
ŨޱȣЩĳɳѾϰˣ˭֪ûΪʥǿߣʥһܹ֮࿹⣬ʥ죬ҲֻܵˣʥĻܲӵ˶ˡ
˻˻˻׼ҶСȥղصĶʱһ
ֻǳ뾪֣һǷĳźš
ҶСʶɢֻһȻ˹ٶȼ죬ϸ鿴ȥҶС粻һȻһֱԽһҵľ֪ж೤
ҶС绹ǵһμô޴ߣϲɢŽƬһϢǿȻѾ۷ΪˣǼӲƬǰʥǿҲܹκ
ûʱ䣬ͳˣȻ䣬һһֻǣǾŵȫܷɱȥ
ֻصĴһãֻ޴Դ߸ɨΧһδӡ
ͻȻĿͶҶСϣһ˫Сһŵ˷ܵĹâҲӿŨҵϲ֮
·ҶСһõһ㣬Ҳѹ֣ҶСһѪޱȣ̺ǿܹʳҶС磬Ϊ϶ֱҶС˵ľǾͲһˣעȫͶ˶ҶСϡ
˻ͻȻ䣬ֻһ̺žζ˼ǲȺܣո׼ֻɰСȥֹͣͷֻҪȥֻ˲佫ĺɡ
ֻҶСս߰Ӳе˼֮սâܹ֮գصҰ޵Ļâ֮յ̫ˣ


1103 
ҶС綢ֻž⣬ƴʢ֮ʣε쫷Ƭռд𣬱̵ҶѩһƮ£Χϵı̲ݱһε׷۶ϣգγ˱ɫĿ硣
ЩҶҶСâ֮Ӱ£ȻҲɢ΢ķâһԿΪζ
սҶСһȣƬռͬʱǰ߳һһһɷâ֮ҶСϱųâ֮ıҶ̲ȫޡ
ղźЩһսרűԼƣһЩΪҰ޻һսܹǹɷâ֮
Ȼ˳ɹôһŽƬķǲÿĥǹɷâ֮
˻˻ҶСһâ֮ûжҶСǳӣǳ˳Ūͷ̡
ϡǹ˼µķâ֮ն˾ϣײ˽һԷƬϽһǳǳӡۡ
һĻҶС𾪲ѣ֪ۼ׺ܽʵȴû뵽Ȼ̵̶ֳȣʵ̫ˣΪˣҶСһϲ֪ܹҽâ֮յ֡
˻˻һСྐྵȻԼһ̺ۣŭһ£βײϣ̲ݱ˷ĩռ𵴲ֹӿ嫵ӿ˹
ûеβɨҶСôһӱϣһ˿˿Ҫɷĩļ󣬵ϸǿҶƮɣСѾƸͲǵʵܹܵ˵ġ
ܾ죬ƺƵҶСȻȻһΡĸɽһ㣬ƾתХȻ䡣
ǺɨβҶСĿȱҪϵķâ֮Ҫ۳ʵʡ
ơҶСըһ֣Ǿףؼ䶼Ҫ¡¡졣
һҶСһգһĳҶСУһʼֻӰ۳ʵʣһȫɷâ֮۶ɵġ
նҶС˫ճݺźɨβȥ
ϡƴĽײ֮Ƭؼ𣬼Ϊ̶ȫֵЧҲԵģоԼâ۳ɵĳƬһ֡
䡣ɺƴײǿֲޱȵѹһ㣬Ȼը˿
һһ嶼ֲ׷˳ȥԲϰ׶յشеľȫΪޣΧľҲǲ˺ǵ
ǿ񱩵ûֹͣʱһӰԶɭгȥƸ߰ս죬ϵķâ֮Ũһֻ֣һܹƿʮ֮ķâˡ
ҶС̤գһ¶˷֮ɫѪҺ·ȼգղǱײֻڲһûܵκ˺
ҶС˫ֻӶâ۳ĳ˸ոͷ­ľ
䡣һһٴ׷ɡ
ûãҶСֳ˹ͺǴСǿ
ҶСרŶԼԷâ֮ƿس̶ȣûҲûսԷâ֮;ײҪȻҶСʵһȭ֮£ھֱ͸ǲӲƬʹݻ˾ڵһࡣ
ÿһײҶСܹƿصķâ֮һݣƻʤǰҶСʹˣȴ
ɵܹ˼ҵһʼҶСֻܹһǳǳӡۣǹɷâ֮ȫƬֵסˡ
ܷŭһҪǰɶֻ࣬ǣû뵽ǣԽսԽ£ϵӡҲǳٵʹһʼӵмٵ棬һֱڵĿ־塣
ƾȥĻ綼Ѫ
ֲʵֲ̫ˣϰ꣬ûֲ飬Ǳ̫޴ˣֱǴСǿ徹Ȼʵ
εײоԼոȥľǶҪ³ˣȻǰûκ¡
ںҶСײʮκһʹѪ˳
˻˻һ³ӣʾеķŭͿ־塣
ģӲ˰ɣƵŤһһ̾Ҫ롣
ܣӵ𣿼Ȼˣôô׵뿪ڲƿ߷֣ǲҶС⣬а
ҶСһʧ˲ܵľգһն¡
һε˾һ롣
Ѿ˷ˣ֣ҶСзâгϵķâٽһٴȻն£һֱӽмն룬ֲޱȣһ޴ĺṵγɡ
벿֣ƴܣֻһͷħǰǶħԶֻҪԶܹסˡ
ŷ֣һ֣ô죿ҶСͷתٲһֱȫƿذµķâ֮ˣܲġ
ȫƿǹɷâ֮󣬻򲻵ջŶԷȥ


1104 ת컻ش
ϵɭڣ죬̹תȻЩʢľȴڱƻš
ӴޱȵľǷһ㣬ǰУһ·ľײѹ˷ĩ˵ЩïܵĹľ̲ˡ
֮ҰӴܣڵĴ򣬼ֱһħ١
ŷӴܵǰؾҶСһ˼У߱еķâ֮һֱɰȫգȻûʣµһ־ƿزˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСԺӴܵľҶСбһľͷһѸͷ£һľͷʱ롣
ľͷ;תˣŽնأڿһ£˵Խʣµһȫա
뵽ҶСȫâʢбų۳ʵķâǰĿռʱϸ΢Ŀռѷ졣
ҶСͬһԲãâҫ죬˲ʧһƿննա
˻˻𡭡һĲҽ쳹Բ
ʱҶСмֳ룬ЩӲޱȵƬҶСֳ룬֪ҶСϵķâ֮ʲô̶ȡ
ʳľǰ棬ҶС˫Ŀվķâ֮ҶСųԶԶȥҶСͺǸ壬Χռ䶯ѷ첻ϵ޸
ĸʱ䣬ҶС˫Ŀâ˫ĿбųƼһ㣬͸ʮþϵķâȫȻʧͿһ˿ֱͨˣַâ¶Ϣʧ
̺ķâ֮ȫƿؽһıÿһϸжһ֮䣬ϸıӰҲһһͷܷ뿪Ӱϸ
ǰƿȫﲻĳ̶ȣһΣ屻˷츲صı仯Էâ֮ȫƣԼҲﵽƵĳ̶ȡ
ĸо޷ݣͻȻ䣬һϢҶСԺС
ת컻ش󷨣ֽ漴Ȼ䣬ըѳС֣ҶСȫ
ת컻شʱҶС粻һһרΪִļܣֻгɾ;󣬲ʸҶСѾԣ֮һľ廹ҪǿһΣȻʸ
Ŷƿأת壬ϢѪҺ
ǿȷʵǿתˣնɱ˵Ļܹ߼޻ֱ˵
ҶСȲϸһ飬еҪ졣
Լ沿ϸ֣Ǳӣһʼ̫ϰߣת˺ҶСѧתòûгת塣
ͲЩطղһս϶ΧʵǿҰޣǿ϶
ҶС˫Ŀû͸¶һ˿˿Ϣ·һͨĲͨˡ
ϵľ׽Ťͷȥֻʮֻ˺ҧѪ⡣
ʵǿѪ̺ȵʳˣǵΪкô
㻹ûȥžԶһֻɫҶС˵ֻɰСץֻһëǧֺ
ˣ϶Ҫնɱڴȥһ񲨶Ȼȥ
ҶС˵ͷǿеһ⣬ԶԶĸ棬ǾҶС磬ղҶС;սİԾǵС
·𿴵ҶСһֱɰСӺĴҶС磬ʱ򻹻צѽѽָҶС磬֪˵ʲô
ˣСʱҶСɭɽڵҶǰ
ѨҶСһϬĹâųֱֱ̽УĶѨɣղ׼Һƴܾˣ
ֹһˣǿ־֮ɫһ񲨶һʼ㣬Ͼʵ̫ǿˡ
ߣһξ͵Ҹһѵ߰ɣҶС˵ֻƻޱȣҿʵǿҪȻ»С
ǰĶѨӺ󣬾һޱȵĶѨУѾǾͷˡ
ҶС翴˿ֻԵĺۼͻȻ䣬˵һߵɢĵط
⼣߰ߵı̺ľ壬Щ嶼ǴӾʯڳġ
ЩӦöãѨǰʹǵģжռģռˡһ񲨶ٴδ
ҶСֻǵĵ˵ͷ˫ĿɫâͻȻ䣬һöָ׸һʯͷöʯͷʯǰ㣬Ө͸л̺һּΪϤ
һУöʯͷͳУһӰ˸ղöʯͷλãֻһӰǿɰС̡
ƴСĿɰС̻ӶСצӣҶС磬һӡ
С̣ҲҪҶС˻еöʯͷ˵
ѽѽɰС̶ҶСиͣ
ҵĺӣҲ塣ʱһ񲨶


1105 ϴƻ
С̣ҶСɻĿǸɫĿɰСޣԼӶצӣһӣǺһЦС̣Сˡ
ѽѽͰɫСޣǿһӣ۾ȴҶСеһöʯͷ
öʯͷȷʵе⡣ҶСȻöʯͷƤУЩʯľһʯͷиܵһԽռʱ
Ǳ̺ľ壬ԪתһӴڵһɹӿȫҶСڲ
һ䣬ЩȫһѷĩЩϵķâ֮ʧˣȫҶСӶᡣ
ǵղؾôһ㣿ҶСЩʧĽĿͶ
ֻôˣϣ㲻Ҫ˺¶һ˿֮ɫ
ģҲ˺ġҶС絭һЦСɰ˭ɱСҶСгһͷСȥ͸ѩһϲġ
ֻǣͷС֪ҶС˼һ㣬һ¾ͷˣվԴУĿҶС硣
ӣҶСҡҡͷǸ뷨Ȼ߳Ѩ·
ҶСѨʱܶҰ޶ӿֻսĵط˷ܵ˺ҧֻѪ⣬Щɶǹ屦⻹Ҫˡ
ΪЩѪ⣬˵Ĳɱ¾
һӵʱ䣬ЩսһҲҰͻȻͣһɢ˷ȥ
˲ʱ䣬ʮӰǿһƬǽ壬жղʲôսȻܹŷôƴ
ʱкüӰ٣Ƕȿ˿ȻĿͶ˶Է໥֮伫Ϊɵ
ħսʮɫۼ׵ŮУһߴͣɱ˵ӣɢһ񲨶ͬʱϺɫâգϯķ
ħʮһطѪӰʺλһ㣬һӰƮǰһ룬ѪӰѪɷ졣
ΧػӰҡҷѪϣǵѪһ㡣
ľ壬񡣡ľУһɫȹŮ˳˵鶯˺ƺƬΪһ壬·ܹɭеΪá
չʾԼһãɵҶ֡
塢ûеղǵϢѾоˣΪǸֻսģħսĿһɨʵЩе쵼һ㣬ʱȷʵǸʸȲ˵ʵôһϾռкܴơ
֪²ľҡҡͷѪӰûлش
Ҳ֪˭Ȼ֮ǿȻмķֳ룬ʵ̫ˣЩѹסԷ˲ࡣսɨһֻ¶΢΢ļɵʵѾ֪ս˭ˣֻû˵ѡ
ǻ֪ۼ׵Ľʵ̶ȣ֪Ļ仰Ҫһˡ
ˣȲˣǻǰĹذ£ϴ࣬ȻٸΪսôսɢһ񲨶
Ѫɷ춼˵ͷʾͬ⡣
˸Կ˶Էһۣȥ
Դһαֺⷽÿһˣȫû˼ʧ⵱Ȼϴԭġ
ǰеҶСͻȻ䣬ЦһһϴҪƻһˡ
ûöѾ˿սȺħˣǸħʥе鶼˿սսʥҶСʩչϽһûз˺ͶߣֻȺţȷ˵
ղĶԻҶСȫ֪ˣк
˭ͻȻ䣬ҶСâŷиռ䣬ޱȣһþϣһ첲ϸɵһģһŰ޵ĶɲǸ͵С
ӶצָҶСѽѽĽиͣ
㻹ҪǸҶСȤʵ
СԻĵ˵ͷһӡ
ǸãҲܸ㣬ҸҶСƤóһö˹ȥ
һӰöͱСץסˣ¶һ˿֮ɫͿǳǹһ㡣
һͳˣһӡ
ӣҶСҡͷЦЦСһСӡ
ϽȥɣΣաҶС뿪ˣСԥһ£廯Ϊһ׹ȥ
һգҶС綼ɭתƣɭʵ̫ˣô߶߲ȥһ㡣
СظҶС磬ÿһҶС뿪ʱӶצӿ飬ʱ䣬ҶСʧʮöûǸС뿪
һһ֮Ĺϵȴ˲٣ҶСѾܹˡ
ʱǸСͱҶСװ˿㶵Уֻ¶һɰСԴضҶСƤ
䡭Զŷء
Ǹʮ๫ҶСĸоˣʶչһĻʱһ˿⣬漴б⣬ٶת˼£ǰɱȥ


1106 
ߴͦεɭУǵϯķÿľݻ٣Ϊ˷ĩ̲Ʈ裬ΪЩһ֧֮衣
価ΧһƬǽ壬һµǻӣΧʻ裬ҷһ˫峺˫Ŀ͸¶һ⡣
ǰһֻţһСǻߵҰ޽ضֻҰʵΪǿѾ˾۷徳磬ʱѾһˡ
ѾһˣǺûҪ˼
ֻҰ޵ͺһٴ˹ȥǷצӻգҪ˺Ƭ
ֻΧ̺ȵֻԱȥ
ǿײһһηһ졣
𡭡ֻԱŭĺһٴδУһɾ뵽ڣƻڵ֯
ײǹȫ˵档
ʱһĻһѪӰƮ˹ȥѪɫȻŷȥ
ڵ״̬ˣû뵽ΧȻ˷ϽӶ֣һĳͬʱƷĵâһ㹥˹ȥ
ءһǿġаһ̺ײһ
ݺݵ׷˳ȥֻҰޣǲִٳ֣͵ֵסԷĹһƻʮ뵽ڣƻڵһС
ֻҰ޴ϻޱȣ֪ʧֻУŲ̵Ĺâݺһצץȥ
ʱڰУȫȫ赲ǹѪɫûжܡ
ΣĹͷͻȻ侲·ͲԺֶСɽ龰ϺҶСսĻ棬ѵҾҪôԼ
һӾҪˣȻ䣬һը𣬡ң
֮У
һһֻŴޱߵơ
Ұ¶֮ɫҪܿǣռ·ˣܲ
䡭Ұ޺ݺݵڵϣʱһ࣬ϳһӡ
һӰӵ£ӰȻҶС硣
ܵڵҶСһӿɲǼǹƻ˵ѪɫѪɫΪ˴ա
ҶС˳ԼضǰʵѪӰ
һѪӰҶСüͷ΢΢һ壬ͻȻǵѪɫˣԷҲʹѪɫߵ˵ƣѵѪɫ壿¼ʹǶĪĹϵ
ࣿе٣Ǽ˷֡ѪɫӰ̾˵
һ˶ԸǡʱһѪӰƮ
һϰɣʱÿķ֮һôһѪӰ֣ĵӰˣǽǵ
ѪӰ壿ҶСкʵ
໹еʶΪ˱ǵʹԹԵĽǵѪҺɣһѪӰһ֮ɫ·Լ˸߸ϵס
ǣûǸ£һϰɣҶСſǰ̤ز죬Χ쫷磬ؼߡ
ӵĿһҶС磬Ȼ˫Ŀ޸Լ˫Ŀ
þûмôſˣȻʹҳȫ㣬һҪǵѪҺһһɣᵽʹࡣһѪӰ
Ļո£ȻѪɫâѪϣһƬռ䶼Ѫǡ
һǿҵĴŸʴԵʴҶС֣ҪҶСָʴЩոտҶС磬ҶСĻ̵еð
ʲôʲôȻܹҵǧаǵѪӰ󾪣û飬һԣǵǧаܹʴʱȻ෴
ߣʲôֵģƵѪҶС˵
ȭһȭҶСƹѪζǸߴ˺ܶ࣬ͬһλԾصİɫâҫһȭɽ֮ơ
һɫâ۳һ޴ȭͷѪС
䡣ȭһƿѪӿķ
һҽѪȥǵѪӰʲ·һɴɢһ㣬Ȼܵ˲СĴˡ
ɶ࣬㾹Ȼǧ۳ѪѪӰŭޱȵĲ
˵ˣǲҵĶ֡ҶС粻м˵
ʵȷʵǵϣ㻹ҪһѪӰ˵
ĻѪӰͬʱ֣ѪҶС籼ȥҪҶСûС
㱾£ҶС糰һЦоһ졣
Ȼ䣬У۳˴شػ棬ܣһһƬ𺣣·ռ䶼ȼӳ˺ɫ


1107 Ե
ѪӺƴҪûأһɱŰаϢѪɢǣ·ֻҪѪӶȥǵ˶Ϊū۵Ķ
Ѫӵ·ϣȼɫĻ棬һе¶Ⱦ˲Χïܵľ̵Ұݣȫȥˮ֣Щ̵Ҷǿ˿ı˽ɫ
ԶԶȥͺԿռΪѪΪϣʲôϵĶ
̡ѪӷѪһͱķ֮һ
࣬ȻǻԵ츳ߡһѪӰӷŭŤҪںһ
ѪӰ֮ˣ׼ϽȥѪջҪȻ¾ҪҶСˡ
ˡҶС˵һķâֱ֮նƽضΪ롣
ѪӰ֮Ѫ֮ϵʱϣҶС̤һɫâɢһ¡
Ѫ֮˿ûʵ壬һһ㣬ҶС绹Ǹо˺ϡ
䡭ɫ죬ܹƻһУѪӰһӾͱҶСĵķɢ˿ЩɢѪӰͼںʱͻȻ䣬ЩɢѪӰǱĳǣһ㣬һҶС˹
ҶСʱһ׼㿪ǣͻȻоڴλе΢΢һ㶣һ˲䣬Щ˵ѪӰӦҶСǰȴǳҶСȥģǳҶСڴеС
ЩƵѪӰСн룬СһãǳԱ˵ӣСԴһײҶСĿ㶵С
ҶСһסˣû뵽Сһʵ̫˲ˡ
ʱѪӰ֮ѾѪʧȥ֧ŶʱȫɣƬвޱȾЩѪ̺
ҶС羫ǣЩȵȫ޸ڣϵϢһӱ˲٣ڵѾȫˣΪһ֡
û뵽ʵˣһܹջԵ˫ĿҶС磬¶֮ɫȻղ޸壬ս֪ģҶСĸղչʾһֶֹΣжһ˿η壬ڸоҶС֮ĲԽԽˡ
ѣЩѪӰ˾ͲӦöʩչѪǱ߱˵ղŵսӰĳԱҶСǺһЦ
˵ͷ
ֻǾǲʹѪӣҲ֧Ų˶áؿҶС˵·ҪҶСڵȫھ
ҶС΢΢һЦû˵ʲôʹַâ֮ĻѪӰʥǿ֧ŲУʹ÷â֮񹦵ǿʮ֮ڣȫܹնɱǣʹӿ¶ӲˣԮ֡
ֽ׶ΣҶС粻ʹóâ֮뽫ǵá
ζл㣬ңҵΪһ˿¶һĨм֮ɫ˵
ҶС˰֣ǺһЦȻĿͣɴ֮ϣ˵лֻҪܹٿһ۾ˡ
ɫһ䣬ĶҶС磬һеʧˣȡ֮һƬӡ
ٿһۣʲô˵ģ̬ҶСе㲻
ãֱҹҶС˵ϣԺҪἰ£ǺŮӲͬò˿
ûҪòġҶСһ˵˿΢΢ʱϽ˵ˣˣҲ»𣿡
⻰һ
ӣʱûˣҶСʵ
ǶŷǱߵˣһͷֿˡ˶٣ҶС˵㻹ǲҪһӣҲС
ôýһЩҶϹҳ΢Ц˵
ƳҶСһۣû˵ʲô
Ϊǽʱ򣬾ͨһһ㣬϶ܹһû뵽ʱȻǷɢġҶС̾һ˵ԺгһĨ䡢߰Ӱ
֪ʲôط뿪𣿡ͻȻʵ
㲻֪һΪһ˲֪еЩǰѾǵģˡҶСü˵⡣
Ҳɽһ˵ɽˣûгȫӷ絽һΣǵΣǰΣÿһβܻ˶ѡ˵
ֲãڽʱȥԭˣȫЩųȥˣûаһЩ齲ȥҶСƶϵ
Ӧðɣ
㲻֪ѾʱһҪǽϴƻǰεʱֻܹ˵ԭֻǼȻ֪ΪλҪԼĺ󱲽ҶСüͷһֱ벻⡣


1108 ȻγɵĴ
һһʵǿޱȣһʥǿ߶Ƕ֣ΣأҲ˻ǰλ˵õʲôҲԭ򡣡˵
ĻҶСͻȻħľǼʥ˵ҪѰĳֶֶܹӿռϣ룬йϵɣ
Щʲô뷨޹أڵĿľһһõ˵ĶϴҶСеǼѵİ취
ڴľܹҵϵˣۼһһ˵İȫбˡ
ܹһĵͼͺˣҶ죬û߳ΧߴͦεľҶС̾һ˵
졣ҶС˵
֪Ƭɭ⻹̫ˡ˵ҶСͣ໥һۡ
˶뵽һܣƬɭ⡣
˲ԼͬҡֱϣվããԴɭ֣ȥɫ죬ɨ˹Ϊ׳ۡ
üͿʲô
ҶСɫâеһжӲ۾Ƭ̺ҶСĿָ
ǲ鿴ʲôҶС˿ûеĵӣĿͶ˹
ţȷʵƬɭ⣬ƬɭһƬȻԻ̺ذӦ˷߳ȥӦòǺѣڻҪ롣ҶС˵һֱƬɭֵ֮أûעƬֵŽĹ۲Ƭɭ֡
û뵽㾹Ȼ󷨣ֻǵڱϿȵʱôʮ󷨶֪ҶС˵
ҵȷʵ֪ҲǿһˡҶСһЦ˵
Ϲ˲֮ɫ
ӣҶС絭һЦÿ˶ԼܣΪǴɴһ㣬𣿡
ֱҶСʵҽɴԭ㣬Ըϵ𣿡
ԣ̫ԿˣҶòļˣԭ֪֪Ҫˣοϵܿɲ˭֪ģǡҶСͣһЦĿ
ʲô
ҵŮˡҶСЦĿ˵֮ɫ
󣬼ʹǳɵĻҲ졣
ȥɣŭҶСһۣɳС˹ȥҶСһץסĽס
㡭ſյĵҶС磬һʵ̫ˣǿòڻᱡӶСȭҶСȥ
𶯣ҶСһֻѸ̽ģͬʱʶȫɢ鿴Χһһ
ҶСĻȻֻͣǼԼͽױҶСס¶һĨɬ֮⡣
ҶСһ⣬ߵķ򣬾ʮ⣬ľʥϢ
ôʵ
նɱǡҶС¶һ˿ƻ֮ɫ
ҶСĿ⣬һ˫Ŀзһ˿ɫʣ΢΢һ˵ȷſҡ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣ͷһԼ˫ֱַ˼ҵͽףƼΪһЦ΢΢ĵϽ˿Ҳ⣬ţӺҾͻ
˵ʲôҶСӰʧˡ
ҶСٶ֮죬һ漴·뵽ʲôһ㣬СɰĶһžҲЩΡ
Ƭָ̺¶һ˿ã֮ɫ
ҶС뿪ֱŶľʥķϷɱȥľһǧ׵ĵطҶС˺ɭֶϵ·𻯳һþɢľ֮
ĿľǶľԵοһľɭо󺣣ޱȣΧһ˿˿紵ݶǵҲǵԸҶСĽӽʥʮ׵ľʱͣһþ档
ҶСÿһϸתת컻ش󷨣һӱ˺ħ֮ˣòȣۼף򡢸첲ȵȹλ˼Ӳļ̣һѵĺħ֮˾͵ˡ
ʱľ֮ڽ̸š
ղѪǶ˰ɣѪӰһǿ߽ˡ
ţֹ̫ۣƬҲˣһľԶǿǵĶ
ҲãǳԵͷЩ߰ļһ̫ˡ
ľѪӰ壬⼸УֻǵǲռУǻ᲻ֶεĳȥв
ʲôɭоǵĵ̣ƬɭǾףٸ֣Ƕնɱ
ǻǲҪ⣬ûпķâ֮赲Ҳ֪һĸ֡
˵ǶĬ
Ҳ֪ҪҵĶ
ʲôû˵Ѱңûа취ҡ
Ѿʾܹռ䶯Ķ
ռ䶯ĶʲôأҶСʡ


1109 һ
˵ǼڻûгȲƬɭһЩ˵
ѵȥϴ𣿡
ҪϴģҲҪնɱģһпնɱֵǲڷǸʱȥȡ
ʱͻȻ䣬һֱ֮նǿµĶ˲䣬ľʥಿλ͸ƬɫľȫȻ顣
˵赲ľİʥǿ߷Ӧ˹Ȼʧʱʮ֮⣬ŭĴһʲôˣ
ʱһӰֶǻ˺ħ֮˵ҶС磬뿴Ǽܲ˵һЩصĶȻ֪ޣǶɵʱҶСˡ
ħ壿
Ǻħ֮˾Ȼ͵Ϯǣɡһľʥɫѿĵ
ɱҶСûлشκ⣬ɱȻѧźħֵĹֱϰ׻Ϊһƿնȥ
ҶСٶȼ죬Ϭޱȣвзâ߽֮ϣǱϵƬղѣʱҪ̮һ㡣
ľʥǿȫ̹ƣΧľǻһ㣬֦չǰȻ屩ȻˣΧľΪһ壬ѷľǡ
ᵲľʥǰ֦ΪͽʵҶСĹʵ̫ˣЩ֦赲סֽһ㣬һӾͱնˡ
ĿɫâһӾͿ͸ľʥǿߵڡ
ܵ𣿡ҶСЦһϺƣͬħһ㣬еĳҲɢŸϬĹâ
ҶСĿ⣬ѾľΪһľʥǿĵãǸоԼѾˡ
ߣɭ־ǵ̣Ǻܣһľʥǿ˵·ʮŵӣϸĻܹǻеĵ㡣
ɭǵĵ̵ĻͲֶԷѾǰֲ˶ԷҲ֣Լͬ鱻նɱ顣
ȻԼ
ľʥֺ;Ϊһ壬Ǿӵпڵľ
ľҡҷ̹תǿޱȣ֦ܶɲǼĴҶС磬һֺǼΪʵıӺɨ
ôһ㹥ҶС¶һ˿м֮ɫбӶâĺƾһҶСΧЩ֦޷赲
ơҶСǰι״ıϺƣЩתģдޱȵķâ֮
䡣һþ˲ʳ룬漴ǿľݻٳ˷ĩ
þУľʥǿһɿֲݺݵ׷˳ȥҶСһƴԽ˿ռ䣬бݺݴ̳һӴ˶Էಿλǿľֱӽ˶ԷеöɫҶƬһľ塣
ߣûǸܹҺħĶ֣ľʲôҶС˵һ䣬һþǰʱһľǿѾˣڡ
ҶСĿһƳһĿȻľʥصλԷ֪Ķ֣ȫϢƻľеɡ
λҶСҶС粢ûȥնɱװһѰӡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶС۹⺮ɣҪˣѾˡ
;ΪһʥǿһΪԼˣתһ룬ԷķôնɱȴӶԷƮĿоܹ֪ԷûҵԼ
ȻֶΣʵ̫ˣߣľǿҲһΪħѾܹںϵˣڿͲô£ղһ˵Ķ˼ҷˣһģںϣⶼľе
ٲҾҪˡҶС˵Ŀɨķ
˵ţҶС涯ˣеı۳һɶ೤ĺɫֱӺɨ˳ȥƥķͬһ
䡭˵ľȫȻƻľмҶƬ裬䶨֮ʱҶС翴ںľеʥǿѾ˲ˣȻһľΪһ壬˺ѷ֡
ҶС綼òľһλĻ濴͸
ѵѾˣУܹŹҶСڱƻĿյһһ˵ȻĿбųâߡ
ɳ˺Զ֮ҶСָò¶һ˿ƻЦݡ
ȴ˵ľİʥǿҶСߺܾãŴǶľзȫɫҺ壬ЩѪҺ
ʥǿ߸Ͻ뿪ƶʱɭֵĻΪһ壬Է֣һΧľеľٵĻָеơ
ħ壬ǺܺãһľһҪ֪ͨ\ħЩһȫնɱľİʥк޺޵


1110 Ϸ1
ֺϣµƬɫȹƮ裬㾡£ǳɵʣһȻϵ֮С
һҶСӰǰӺҶС¶һ˿ı飬ӣ˿Ǹ߸ϵŮ֮ġ
ѾˡŤͷҶС˵
ǺǣǸ⣬ôǸⲻšҶСһơ
ӵĿҶСһۣĬһʵȫնɱǣ
ûкҶСپòǸ⣬ת˻⡣
ûУһڣȥͨ籨ţҪһϷҪˡҶС¶һ˿թЦݡ
ɻĿҶС磬Ȼ֪ʲô飬ҶСǼթЦݣ֪׼û¡
ȥ
룬ҶС˵ȾƬɭߣһ߹۲һɭ֣ҳ·ţҵ˳·뿪㿴ô
˵ͷûʲô
ǾͺãߡҶС£Ҳȥɭߺױ¶Ŀ꣬ʱҶС绹
ɭתҶСʶţһ߹۲ɭеĵΡľλãһ߹۲ΧĶһˣҶСͻὫһ¡
ʱ佥ȥɫܿͱˣʱڣҶСŰɫˣ֪ԷˣҶС˶û˵ͽնɱһѻ㽫ʬճ˻ҽ
ʹҶС粻֣Ҳᶯ֣ҶС簵пϧԼܹնɱһһȻ޻ˡ
һֱԼûκλᣬ뽫Լ¶Ҳû߼޻
Ѿҵ˳·ˡںڰɭǰУҶСͻȻ˵
ۺ¶һĨϲɫҵˣ
ţ뿪ҶС˵ͷ˳һ䣬ҲǶѵ֪·
ֻ󷨣͵󷨣ûпο֪ⷨìܡ˵
ҲǣϢһ󡣾ĵ̫ˣҿһΧҶС˵һһԾһþϡ
ҲһԾϣվ˾ҶС׵ĵطҶСһ˿ƣ¶һĨʣʱҶСΧΪһӣĺһȦ
ϽƿĿ⣬۲Χ
ҶСһ·ϲͣĽʶչ̶ȣ۲ΧһУ̫ྫ
Χϵӿ˹ֱ֮ӱһֱԵ̫֮գһֽ뵽ҶСڵÿϸУЩӰ
ȻҶС粻ʱ򣬶ӵٶȴԶԶȲ
ʱ򣬹۲ΧоҶСһ˿΢ϽĿͶ˹ȥҶСܵ˺
ֻҶСĿڴһһģһɰСԴ̸˳漴һë޵İɫС޾ʹӿڴ˳ֻаƴСС޿ôɿɰ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ뽫СҶСӣ´ҶСûҶ
СԼգ۾Ȼ˻СצӣѽѽĽһ·ǴкȻſҶСϣ
Сӣ¶һĨʡ
˴ԼʮӵʱͻȻ¶âϽȫϢΪоüӰɿĸ˹
ҶСͲģҶСʱϣĻûܸܵҶСڡ
ʮӰǰʮ֮ٷɹ
ħ˾ǰϢǰΧȥ
ȷħҪϾɱ
ȷľ˾ͱһնɱˣͩصĺܺãնɱˣҿӹһٲŽϢ˹
ħʵ̫ˣȻȷʵò룬Ҳ޳ܣնɱǡ
Ϣħνһˣÿһ˶Ǹ֣Ѿ˴㣬ȫնɱǣõõǼ
¸¡һҪúħνˣһزȥ
ЩԽԽԶԶȥŹâһҶС磬ѵⶼһֲ߻ģ
ʱҶСΧֹͣӿСҲֹͣĶҶСƤŲ壬Ƥȥ
ʱҶС˫Ŀ³һСһľٶһѽץУȻվ˿ڴЦЦöʯͷ
Сһ´ҶСĿڴ˳ҶСļϣܲĶҶСӶצӡ
ֻɰСǣŸղѯʵ
֪ĳһСҪϵĶҶСǺһЦ˵ȻСץУë޵İɫëƤ
Сѽѽıʾؿ顣
̲סЦһŹʣΪÿ
ҶСһΪǴ֮ҲЦˡ


1111 Ϸ2
ӿʼһֱǴαԣ֮ϵܺã޻˵һ㣬Ǵοò֮Ĭ˺ܶ࣬üʼ֮һǳ֮ĹϵҲ˺ܶࡣ
ҶС֪ΪԼ˼Ůòԭֻ֪ʲôܣѯ¶ӵɫǲԼ
ٴμЦˡ
Ϊ㡣յĵҶСһۣȻͲˡ
ΪңҶСʵ
ֳĬҶСһСӼģʵҪҪ
޵Сһ˿Ķȴ˼ڡ
ţߣϷҪˡҶСץ󣬽Сž⡣
Сոսסɿɰ¶һ˿֮ɫĸСһëƤ
ôãҾȭߣҶСװһƵ˵
ҶСһۣ̺һĨζ˲ǰҶСץס׺顣
߰ɣѾҪʼˡҶСԶ˵
˵ͷŸղһȺ˷ɱķȥ
ïܵɭУһƬɽиζӿ˳ܶҹ桢ݡҰ޶ʼ˻
һƬǶЩҹû˵ͲӾϵ⣬ϵҲһ˵ûʲôֱ
ʱɭеһطʮòޱȵĺħʥΧһԲȦţӿӿǵ塣
ͻȻ䣬һʥ۷ǿ˫ĿõĹâƳգɢҹɫõĹâȴһݣɲǵķ漴ʧˡ
Ƚ䱸иˡʥ۷ɫأ˵
ո£ɭּҹͻȻ˺ܶ࣬ҶɳɳɳĴؼһƬɱ
Ǻħİʥ۷ǿߣȻܹǵĵһؼɢǴ˷
ಡӽʮӰΧħΧһÿ϶ɢžƣգжƵ
Χһĺħ˶վһɫޱȣܹܵΧЩʥִĪѹ
ħʥ۷ǿ߲ûоţΪ־磬ϡ־϶ǳܱȣһƽŹâһΧʵľ塢ѪӰ塢塢壬ֻͼȫˣʲô˼
ѵڻʲô˼ľһʥ۷ǿ߷һ䣬к
ȻǼìܣҲΧǣ֪ôʲôԭ򣿡ħʥ۷ǿ˫۾һУһʵ
ֹֻۣܲʮһ֣Էʮ֣ĿϾв࣬˵Էʥ۷ǿߣսԿǣҪȻǱȵһȫնɱЩˡ
ʲôԭ㾹Ȼʲôԭ򣿡ľЦһɱڣһ·˻Ѿ˵ϴ࣬û뵽Ǻħ徹ȻعأնɱľˣȻǲعأǾͱǲնɱǺħˡ
󣬺ħʥ۷ǿɫһ䣬漴üͷ˵ǲŪˣǵ˶û뿪ҵߣôնɱľأ
Ūľһۼд˭֪ƬɭлûǺħǿߡľǿЦһ
˻Ŀźħˣ·ǵ
ħʥ۷ǿɫ˱䣬漴һɱŷһɱ
ڴͬʱ˲ʧľʥ۷ǿߣȫƣħһ㣬ȭͷһգϵۼ׽ȭͷŰסһȭǿľӿȣΧϵ֦˺üɫҶƬ裬һƬƬһ㡣
Ѿ˵ϣ϶˽⣬սǱȻģ¼ʹûʲô֤ݣֻһ˿ϢǼ嶼Ͼܹһһ壬ӵʱǼʱ򣬾ͻһ˵ԷĿߣΨΪǿܹΧ
ңľǿһߣû뵽ħ˵־Ͷ֣ûзӦΧ̹⻷ƣľǽᵲǰ
䡣һľǽ飬ƥľʥ۷ǿߵϡ
ۡľʥ۷ǿ³һڱɫѪҺһˡ
ħʥǿ߻׼ʱһϬӷƿֻ֮֮úˣȴܹöԷƼһЩˡ
ħʥ۷ǿ¶һĨʧ֮ɫȴ΢΢һ˶Էһʥ۷ǿߣҪȻǱȻȫ


1112 ٴ
ɱɱħʥ۷ֵȹΧĸ廢ս߰ɱ죬ǶŸԵֶγ˺ħˡ
ڰиɫâҹգһһǿΧҰޡݶԶˣΨԼ֮ܵ֡
ô춼սˣ죿ҶС翴ŲԶĹâ˵һ䣬˸ոյǰ˰׵ĵطսͿʼˡ
ⶼһɵģҶС硣
ҶСǺһЦĬˣȻۿԼ߻Ϸ˿񻹲ʣûһˡ
սʵ
ǣֻ룬ϷôͽŹâ˵
ǳһĹâҶС˵ҷԽԽƻˡ
û취ҵĵ̫ˣܲƻҪȻҾټˡҶСдЦĿһۣȻͽĿͶǰս֮ء
ïܵҶ赲ֻܹһţսһʶ鿴ţһѾǼˣٽ¾ͷˣϾսĳľ޴Ӱ쵽ռ䣬ضزˡ
ʱսҵĽ׶Σʮʥսһ죬Բ׵ķΧڣûһľҲûһ̲ݣȫȵ˺˷ĩΪһ塣
ӣдѪʣѪȡϢɢɭ֣ǧ֮ڵľȫȾһѪɫҫ۵İ׹⣬̫Ĺâһҫۣһֻֻ޵Ӱؼ죬ĹǶ˵ġ
ǿ񱩵쫷γɣҪĩա
ĸֵΧħʮһȫѹƣѹţ涼ħǹĺ
ܸղźħʥ۷һشľʥ۷ǿߣʹöԷˣǶԷһʥ۷ǿߣսֵĽûκãⲻܹӳһǱնɱʱѡ
һҽ𣬺ħһʥǿ߱һ˶ţԱһѪӰʥûзŹᣬһѪӳħİʥǿûС
ԹԵҵĿܰɣѪӰʥǿſЦ
Ŀܣħ󷨣ѪУѾ˵ĺħʥǿߴһȻ
ãѪӣջء쵽ѪжԷ״ѪӰʥ󾪣ϽѪջأǳˡ
䡣һ޴ıըƺƴһռ䶼ҪˣиֶܹҶСöĤ
һըǧѪб˷ȥ
ѪӰʥѪһӱٵ֮˵Ӱģ˺ܶ࣬·һܹɢ
Χս˶ǿʮףѡ
ѪӰַŭĴѪڣӰʱ˺ܶ࣬ҪʵʣѪӰ˵ѪӾ൱壬ƽʱһصĿռУõʱóá
ѪӰʵ˺ܶ࣬ŭĳһħ֮ˣʱħϡ
սСʱħʮһ˱նɱֻʣˣобҶС簲ȥǸˣոԼȥӰԷöԷܣҪͶԷӲƴŵԻ
ĸʮˣʣ˾ˣһʧһˣⶼڸղħ֮˱ըģǸըúܶˡ
ǳըǽĶźħˣʹħ󷨶ʹòɡ
ħʥ۷ֲҽһһӱնȥһ첲
ءһȭͷԴϣħʥ۷ǿߵԴһ㱬ըˣѪҺ罦
ֻʣˣѾ㹻ˡҶСȻŤͷĿͶҹȥһ£š
˵꣬˸ʧˣþΧĿռ䣬˵ʶ鿴״̬ڷɱĹУתת컻ش󷨣Ϊ˺ħ֮˵ӣ˹ȥٶת˼¡
ɱҶСһֲĺɫһѳɨ˹ȥ
ۡ˵ӰɶѪ
ǿ뿪Ƭɭ֣ϽϢȥǧ϶Ը\ħ塣ҶСħʥһ䡣
ʥǿʱҶСǵס˹ؼһǣҶСĻǵ˵ͷԾ¶һ˿ԥҶС硣
ϽߣҪҡҶСٴκһ
һۣһȥ
סǣԲܹ뿪Ҫߣľһ˵İʥ۷ǿߴһ
ǲԼƣħʥǿ߸ȥ
ȻҶС绯ĺħ֣ɽһ㵲סǵȥ·
ɱҶСһȭһȭ˲һӶʮȭһסǵȥ·ǲòӦս


1113 ߳ɭ
ҹɫīâһƬգҶСͻǰǿߣȫţǾзŷϵΰ
ҶСϺɫīҹɫΪһ壬ʥǿϸɫâƣҶС磬ǿһ𣬺ҪҶСѹ
ҶСһȭһȭ̺ſֲҪΧĿռȫ𣬿µľӿʥǿߡ
ҲСÿ˵ĹޱȣҶС粻ںҪȭǰԵһеİԵ
䡭ʥǿҶСĿֲȭ£ͬʱ岽
ۡħʥ۷ǿش˵ľǿһѪһμأϵϢȣʥǿһѪ
ʥǿǾ֮ɫǰħ塯̫ǿˣǰʥ赲סǾ֮ɫһ˿С
ӣӣһҪħһǿߵ˵ȥҪȻ⼸嶼Ҫȫ𡣡ľʥ۷Ů˵񣬱ӡ
Ѿܵ뷨˵֣Ǵ̼ǣǰ˶óԼĿұŰ˷ȥоֻһͷӣһҪӳȥҪȻͻ
ӣܹӵ𣿡ҶСͺոħٶת˼£һӰ
˲ľ˵İʥ۷ǿǰһָǿһӺڵıɫҶƬ״壬־ǵı֮ԴȪᡣ
һָҶСӰʹǰʧˣһӣ֦Уһ˫ֺӵϵħʱ
ݡƿ·ǴԽ˿ռ䣬һӾʹ̽ʥǿߵҪλ
ʥǿߵֻʣѪӰʥǿߣӰһӱҶСɢˡ
㻹СʳɣҶСЦһһץƬռ䶼ҪҶСץˣһɾ޴γɣѪӰʥһӱҶСץģ۳һ塣
ſҡſңֻҪңҿΪκ£ľ񲨶
ҲҪҶС˵ȻʧǸȥͬʱָ˱ò
㲻Ǻħ塭ࣿҶСеѪӰʥ־
ʱѾ첨ˣ֪һжļı뽫ϢݳȥֻѾˡ
ûҾࡣҶСѳһڰЦڻʥǿˣĸ壬ÿһһˣҪɱ練ƣǻãѾ֪Ŀ˰ɣ
࡭㡭㾹Ȼ˽ƻҶСдʥǿ߷ŭ־ľ񲨶
˴˱˴ˡҶСٺһЦٶȸ˼֣䣬͵ǰ
ҶС¶һĨɫղҶСٸ֪һЩȴûи֪ҶС˺ħ֮˵ӡ
࣬ʲôҶСдһ־岻ľ񲨶
ҶСûĿУҶСԿɰС˵Сʳ
ҶСƵչСһ˫۾ģҲ֪ʲôѪӰʥǿߵһӻΪһСڡ
ʥǿ߷Ҳʵľ񲨶
ಡС׼ҶСһ㣬һҶСĿڴУѪӰʥǿߵ
Сϡ档Сӣž˵
Ǻǣһֻ̰СѡҶСǺһЦСΪ̰СԭС̫ܳˣǺҪĶһ㡣
ղΪʲôҪȺħʥŹʥǿߣʵ
ٺ٣ⲻǼڶѣʱ֪ˣ֮ˣò˶ãħͻͷۡҶС¶һĨ⻪˵
ԼΪħ֮˵鵱Ȼ˵ȥܹó˵ļܿһɱ
ܻࡣһҶС˵Ҳ֪֮ìܵ¿϶ô򵥣ȻҶС粻˵Ҳûٶʡ
ˣ߰ɣҸطϢһᣬһȥҶС翴һ˵
˵ͷ뿪ط
ڶ죬ɫոһҹҶС˫ĿйâΧֹͣӿһҹ˵Ϊһ˿˿״̬
ҶС翴˵һվվҶСĴ£ǰжȥ
ǰеĹ켣һֱߣһޱȵߣֱߣһӶ߲ȥȻԻ̺֮ذܹ֪Ӱ쵽ߵĹ켣Īľ͸ı˷
Ȼߵһߣʵȴһֱߣ߳Ƭɭеķ


1114 ٲǰ
мٱ˴Լʮӵʱ䣬߳Ƭɭ֣ͬʱһɭѹֵһɨա
ʱǰݱ̷ïҡҷԶɽһƬʯᾣ¶㣬ˮīвеľ¡
˲ԼͬŤͷһƬɭ֣Ƭɭ̫ѪȺɱ¾Ҳһ·ܰ
߰ɣʼµ̣ԺƽûмˡҶСŤͷЦЦ˵
˵ͷͬҶСĻѾҶС֪ҪõܹɽĶܹ֪ǼжôһǸһǲҵ˵ҶС绹֮ìܣսӼң嶼սܹ⣿
˼ǰɱȥһҹʱ䣬СһѾѪӰʥǿߵȫˣôС񲻳һ㡣
߳ɭֺ¶һСԴգԲԲ鶯۾ĴΧİ
һƬݵϻûʲôҰޣмֻ˳СӣȻݵûйǿҰޣȴ͵ķݣչ᰿裬ĿϬޱȣѰŵϵ
һʼǻҶСҶСϵչ¶ʱǸϽɿ롣
һֱŶϷɱûж೤ʱɽ£ɽûһľȫŨ̵ݺʯдΰоĿ
˼ǰӷ컭ꪵĹϼе֪ƬɽΪȷԽƬɽȻŶߣǸλþ
˸ոշһɽɽ͸о΢΢ԶкƴĹâ𣬿һĻҶС翪˵սˣ֪Ǹĸս
Ҫǹȥ
˿ҶСҡҡͷˣսĵط֪жԶǸϹȥսѾˣոյһôȫ۷һҪô˴ơ
ȥϱߣʮ๫һٲô˶ûмˮԴǹȥҶСž˵
ٲ۾һ˵ͷͬҶСĻɭߣλɵŮҰմȾ˳ǸŮ˲ɾˮܹϴһ£Ҳܹͷһеֳɱ¾
ʮľ벻Ƕ̶̼ӵ飬;˻ʵҰޣҶС粢һɱ֮ˣͷסƣֻҰ޾;ˣ֪ôҪҶСԿһҶС粻նɱ
Ƭ̼䣬˾͵ҶС˵ĵطɽ֮һ֣߾ʯ̣ʮ׵ˮӸߵϷֱ£һɶߵˮò׳ۡ
ˮٲк£һ̶Ȼǰһξ룬ˮһң峺ףˮĶʯɼ
˴һߵĸɽϼ䣬ٲһʯƽ̨ϣٲ¶һĨʡ
ҪҪȥϴһϴģҲ͵ġҶС翴˵
ԥһ˵ͷ¶һĨЦ⣬뿴
ȷʵ뿴⻹ͬ⣬Ǻǡ
ҶСһۣ⿪˲£¶һİ¡
ҶС翴Լȥ£ΪͻȻôû뵽˼滹һ
ǲǺʧ¶һ˿Ƥ֮ɫ
ȷʵе㡣ҶСͷϣûбˣ㻹ǽɴȡɣ
ԥһ£תҶС罫ɴȡȻԼ·һɾʯϣ°ɫЬ࣬һԾͽٲ̶С
һϴΨ龰ϧһֱ
ҶСֱߵʯϣϸĴΧһС
ԼʮӺͻȻ䣬ҶСԼԼ˵˫Ŀһʶɢ˳ȥֻǧ⣬һȺ˹
鿴ЩˣҶС۾һЩһֶϤġ
̡ѩϹҡ׷飬д𷢵ӣˣһǺľˣؼߡ
϶ǲˣ߱˹
ҶС˲ûȫȥϵϢ˲ǲˣҲãúˡ
ˣȰ·ϡҶСѵ
һӴˮԾϵ·ͳĺڷ˲ɣٶȼĴɴ˲£ȻЬࡣ
ոմãˢˢˢӰ֣һ˾վҶС԰
ˣŲͬĹâ
û뵽ܹǡƮǰҲӶ԰˹
Ҳû뵽ǺǡҶСЦЦ˵Ȼ˿һɫȹĴѾô䡢߰
̿˿ʯϵˮգȻĿͶϣ΢΢һ㶣Ц˵û뵽ǵĹϵչֵز
е㲻ԾͷһԼûϵϣɵĶ䶼ôҲɽһһˣ˲ͻָ侲˵鲻
˵ĬĬϵ


1115 սħ
𣿿ˡ̿˿Ȼ˿ҶС磬űĹâֹâ˵á
Ǹղ׼ȥʱҶС翪ʵת˻⣬Ҳ֪Щ˶ˣ϶ΪԼ֮䷢ʲô
ԽǽͷԽ˻ɣ粻ȥͣƾô룬ֻҪԸС
ƬɽѰұû뵽ȴ˵
Ī˵ܹɳıҶСɻʵ
Ҳ֪ĿҶС˵
ţ˵ˣֻҲֱ֪﾿ʲôӣλҶС˵ͷ˵
ҶСĻ΢΢ͷҲǲǰ֪˵ֶƬɽУǱһѰ
ûкǿҶСʵ
϶¶˳֮ɫѾˣǵʵȷʵǿյսЩʥ۷ǿսĻǺսʤǣ˵лгԽʥ۷ĸˣ˵һơ
ǻ֪Ѿ׼ϴ࣬мìܣǸѾˣνȽ϶࣬ǻǽšһɱȽϺãҪȻᱻϴҶС˼һ֮˵
ҶСĻ˶ĬİʥǿߵǿѾ̹ˣҺʤ˶࣬նɱʥǿߣҪȻҶС˵⵽ϴ
ҶС硢˴˸к໥ʶһ£ҶС硢ļ룬һ֧ǿˣһ󣬾ͳˣƬɽϸѰǶ֪Ǹлô˵ǻΪתվȻĳַռıϣµǸʱ˼佫һѡ
֪ɺϻǹ⣬ҶСʹ˶˶棬䡢°˶ҶСʵʱ㻹ðɣ
Һܺã˵һлĵһˣʵ˲١ƽ˵ûз㲨
㶼Ҫʥʥ۷ˣٲΪҪˡҶС絭һЦ˵
ĬƽĿǰҶСҲĬĬǰţû˵
ãҶС翪˵ɲ˵һ£ǰ̵Ҫʲô
Ҳ֪ЩҲȥ֣ӦúĴսйأ㻹ǲҪȥЩ飬Ŭ;ҲжԡҶСƽ˵
Ը䵭ڱԼУҶС绹Ǹо˴Ĺġ
ҲжԡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
û뵽ҶֵܻǸ֮ˣŮϡʱһ˹ֻ׷дЦĿҶС磬ȴһ˿֮⡣
ʱ˲֪Ѿ˲
׷Ļ˿ҶСʹĿĹâ
ǺǣĪ㼵ˣҶСϹҳһ˿΢Цȴ⡣
ȷʵЩʣҿɲҶֵô顣׷΢Ц˵
ҶСֻǵĿһۣҲûᣬ˵Ըȥ
սϲҶСĶ֣˱һҶС磬ҶСֱӣҶС˼ֺ⡣
С磬ʹС㱾ʶʱͻȻʵһȤӡ
ţȷʵʶҶС˵ͷһɻ󣬲֪ΪζôȤ
Ҿ˵ôϤӣʶŮӻǲٰ̿ҶС˵
ǺǡҶСֻǵһЦû˵ʲô
ʱͻȻ䣬˶ͣ˽ŲǸоʮǿϢǽӽ˶һӣضʮǿϢٵķ
ҶСʶһɨǺħ֮ˣһʮˣʵʥ۷֣Ҳǽӽڰʥ۷ĸߺ
ҶСһһʮˣȻƣսºħЩ˸ͲǶ֣Ͼѩ콣ҶС̬ڡ
ಡ˲䣬ʮӰվҶСǰסǵȥ·
ħΪ׵һʥ۷ǿĿһɨһ߸ϵ̬࣬Ǻħ壬Ϊǵūǻһ
ǣǸʸ𣿡ӣϹҼΪˬ˵Żɫâ
һ壬ڻûƣٸһλᣬʥ۷ǿ˵
⻰ҶСһУ˶ŭһԴ壬Ȼ࣬ʮʥǿ߾ǳǿ˼㣬þһԼ
Ϲȹһĳ˹ȵ̺ͺҪռȼ
Ϲҹʱһ׹һѩˣȻֳ٣ȷʵ繥ȥ
ѩһӶʥ֣ʧ
ţ˵д̫ˣдãȷⱾƻǶýϣһΣһβòдΪϵһЩڣڵڲˣеĹ¶ڵչ


1116 սħ2
աϹһƣΪ׵ʥǿߴһȭ𵴣ƥȭһӺɢϹҵһƣ͵ȭ͸˹ҶСһˡ
ǰĳ׷һâ赲סȭ
ʵ̫ˡΪ׵ʥ۷ǿҡҡͷ¶ʧ֮ɫһߴʤζѾվ۷塣
ۡʱںɫѪҺһѪҺֱʥ۷ǿϡ
ءվǰħʥǿߵ˵ϣѾû
ʲôôˣ̫ˣһӽħסˡ
ʵϹҼһЦ˵
һǸղǵ׹⣬ǵ׹նɱǡħһ˾е
ǿߵĻħ˶ղֹǰһҫ۵İ׹һǻΪǿߴһƺ֣û뵽ǾȻһǿߵĹ
£ʵ̫ˣǻûзӦͱնɱˣ񶼲֪ǿֵ߳ģǶоԼ쬵ģжһ˿⡣
ʱɫΪѿҪΪ׵ʥ۷ǿˣղԲѵ˵̫ˣڵԼߵֶ˼նɱˣ֪Ƕķ̰
Ǻħ̫ˣʧҶСѧŸղźħΪ׵İʥ۷ǿߵĿ˵
һ⻰ħΪ׵ʥǿ߶³ѪֱԼڴԼ
ܺãû뵽оȻȸ֣ߣҾͲ˶ּĸ֣ɱΪ׵ĺħʥ۷ǿһɱȻףΪմȾѪҺͷŭԵʣޱȡ
һɱֳ֣ħȫҰҪڵסƬռ䣬ϵһ㣬Ž󣬸ղűѩһųĿ־Ѿȫʧˣȡ֮ŨŨս⡣
ɱħ˺ǻ˺ɫҶСˡ
ʱ൱ÿ˶սһˣǶҺԼĶ֣ʣҶСΪ׵ʥ۷ǿߡ
۷壿໹ԽԽˣȻҲһʥϽˣʵ̫ˣһȤûУҪ㿴ǺħôնɱֵģˣΪͣԳһʱ䡣ħʥ۷ǿ߲м˵ͲۿҶСһۡ
֪ҶСʵϹҼǳ˳飬Ƕ·𿴵ħʥ۷ֱŰ龰
ͻȻһҽ
սʼڻһӵʱ˲ҽˣδҲ̫˰ɣ
ħΪ׵ʥ۷ǿѰȥֻǺħһ˱ն˸첲ֵѩûаνֱõǽʡ
һʥ۷ǿɫһ䣬һŭ֮ɫ׼ȥæҶСǸϣûֵĿϡ
׼ȥʱһӰͻأվǰӰҶС硣
׼ȥ֧Ԯİʥ۷ǿŭһһɾ޴ײҶС磬һҶСһᱻһҷɳȥˣǽȴϡ
ҶСȻһΡĸɽᵵǰѵʧһ㣬ûжҶСκˣˣӭһ޴ȭͷ
䡣ҶСһȭ˳ȥɱȭбŷ͵һ˹ȥݺݵײʥ۷ǿϡ
ʥ۷ǿߣӦһӾͱҷ˳ȥص˵ϡ
ǰʥ۷ǿߣһתվ˺ںɫѪҺ
վҶСϹҳһ˿΢Ц𼱣棬ʵ
㡭ۡʥ۷ǿ³һѪزǱ˹ģǱҶСģҶСðвһֻ϶ѣûзУ֪ƲϾȻһתȻһȭܹܵ˾޴ķأ
ȻѪˣʵ̫ˡҶС̾һ˵¶һĨʧ֮ɫ
ҶС̬ȣʥ۷ǿ뽫ҶСҶС̬ȲԼղŵ
úãص湻ģҵҪʵжǿ󡣡ʥ۷ǿ˵ʱѾ˱ıԵ
ƿաʥǿ߾޴ȭͷϸһӲۼףƣǲӲۼϺɫۣѾʵʣݺҶС繥ȥҪеķŭȫй
һֲĺɫȭͷϱųռѣƬռ䶼ҪǺˡ
նҶС˫һУһƴɫâ۳һֱն£ɫаһ˿â֮˷â֮ļ룬һնΪ޴
ǵֲļ۳ʵʵĺɫһӱҶСмն롣
ɫâȥƲŰ֮ݺݵն۷ǿߡ
ʥ۷ǿ߶ʱоԼƱ޶סһ㣬ѹôд󺧣̫£ܹв


1117 ǿԮ
ۡΣĹͷħʥ۷ǿһ֣е׶ǻҺҸ첲
˲䣬Ҹ첲ȭȫһӳȭҪֵסҶСһն
ꡭҶСһնһնʥǿߵȭͷϣȵƻ֮˽룬ȭͷϵ׶ʱѷ죬ѷӣ첲ϵ׶ѷ졣
ءӲޱȵױը˿С顣
ħʥҽһ첲ģһƬѪֹǻûдﵽʥײûƣһ׵ıѾ൱ǵ屻˺һ㣬ʹ޷
ֻһʥ۷ǿ߾ͱҶСˣޱȡ
һྐྵȻңĲ㡣ʥ۷ǿ߷ŭĺһ
աһȭӿڵĺɫħҲӿȭ˲䣬ȭīź·Źһըͻص
Ҫħʥ۷ǿҧ޺޵ĿҶС磬ȭҳռ䣬ӿٶȿ쵽˼㡣
ŶԷһȭĴҶСоƬռ䶼ҪˣһɿµΰƬռ䣬סһжĿܡ
˲䣬һֻ޴ħɭȻľ޴ȭͷҶСȥҪҶС
ҶС˫һֱͦ˵ĿšԵ·ضΧת
ȭɽӡҶСȫϼãɫȫӿȭͷϣȭͷɫۼһȭԺ˹ȥһȭһǰ·ûʲô赲赲Ҫغ顣
ɲǼ䣬ҶСθߴޱȣƻ˸ɽӵľһ˫ȭͷһƬǬ
䡣̺ȭͷ໥ײһ𣬱֮ײ˻֮Χս˶ϽԶ룬±ɻ֮˺ˡ
Ŀռѷɻ֮Χγɣ·һûȫĺڶһ㣬ɢױȵȵ˽ȥˣԾſֲ˳ȥ
ӿײȥҶСһ֮񱩵ֳӿһɽǰȻεȿ񱩺嫡
ءħʥ۷ǿ߿ûҶСʵֱӱҷ˳ȥкںɫѪҺ
̫ˡҶС̤գ죬һһ˹ȥħ¶һ˿м֮ɫ
㡭ۡʥ۷ǿٴ³һںںɫѪҺһѪжƬʱѾˣһɿ־֮û뵽һͼΪȻѾܺǺħʱܹͻƵ໥ˡ
ɣҶС֮⣬ս£һֻŲȥ
㲻ɱңɱһ⵽Ǻħķ񱨸оҶСıɱ֮ģħʥ۷ǿ߾ֵ˵
ҡ
ʱһףֺ
һһӰٱոջһСڵ㣬תۼ䣬Ѿǰ
ҲһħʥǿߣϵϢֲޱȣǴأΪǿףûѽһֻʥʱͻơ
ûʲôҵġҶС絭˵Ŀкӿȥ
ꡣħʥǿߵһӱҶСȱˣǿŷڵһоѾƻ
㾹ȻĸɱҪħλǿĸɭȻϵɱ⣬ɫħ·ҪƬڵסˡ
ಡʮӰɱ˹ҶСΧסʱѩѾնɱħˣѾˣǶڿš
ʮӰгһĨϣͬѾˣǲˡ
ʱһԿսѩˣûпĶһ׹ҫ·Ƭؼ䣬ֻʣһ׹⡣
Ųӵİ׹ʧ˵ĺħʥǿ߶һԭӣÿ˵üĴһѪ
ۡƬ̺ǵüи˺ںɫѪҺ
ʱΧħɫѵѣǳĴڵǵնɱһҪֵǵ棬նɱʥǿߣҲ˵һʮȫҶСɱ
࣬СǣɱȫնɱҪеӲȥħʵǿޱȵİʥ˫Ŀаĺ⣬ɱ졣
׼ҶС˶ֵʱҶСš
һͣ
㻹ʲô£ħʵǿʥһɨʵ
ھͶǶ֣ҶС絭ʵ
ҾҪڶ֣ôˣղնɱǺħҪĶȥˣ
ҲǺǣǻûʸҺ£ǲ˳ܾ֮ʱһٲǡҶС絭˵


1118 ĴΧ
ҶСĻһΧ˵ɫ˱䣬ħǿİʥҲˣкųɨΧգҪеһж͸
һħڶʱҶСһɵĲȻ鿴֮£ֺܶھǲԶɽϣЩ˶ڿռУѲ鿴õ
ħǿİʥһ˫аȵȫ˺ɫΧռеһûܹӹһ˫ġ
Ȼˣɣħʵǿİʥֿžһ˵ǵɢĪĲ
ɲӰ£ռͺǺһ㣬ȦȦӣһռʱһռҲǱ˺˿һ㡣
ʮİʥǿ¶ĳһӴƳ۳һɣͷϵնһɺƴ󡢿ֲƳ¡һɺںڶڡ
һӾ;ڣе飬Щطĸǿ߶ˣǼٸҪôһ¡
һ쳹ص漴һӰɽһԾ£ص̤˵ϣ¡¡죬ǵڸ졣
һθߴ󡢳ըȫɫƬǵĳǿߣ֮ˣƱȺħʵǿİʥֻҪ߳һߡ
˵ĳ֣ɽиַԾǹǿƺƵС
ǺħǿߣҶСһˣۺһһԿǿµѹ
ǿһ˫ɫУź˵ĹâֱֱҶС˹ȥ
ҶСɫâ֣˵Ŀʱ飬˿ˣԵƵᣬ֮
û뵽оȻҲ˰ʥеĳǿߣһսҪˡ˵
ãһЩȫϴˡħǿ߿ǽʮʥ˵
⻰ҶСʹûʲô仯⣬˵Ŀж¶֮ɫ
ĻЩ˱ȻᱻΧɱʵ̫ˣ߸ղźͺħһǿսѾ˲ٵľ޴࣬Ǹ޷ԿҶСҲУҶСҲֻܲܶѣҪս;Ȳǡ
˵ˣϴ࣬ĸϴ壬һ࣬Ը´ࡣǿЦһ˵
塢塢ľ塢ѪӰ壬ĸİʥ֣ĿɭȻһźħࡣ
ʲô˼ǲѾ˵ǸǰϴôǶˣħĳǿʵ
ҲܹǣҪ־͹Ǻħ壬ҲΪԱ˭Ǻħ֮ȴ˹أѾ˵ˣûнϴǰ֮䲻໥նɱû뵽Ǻħ徹Ȼһǿߣһоʹ˰ʥǿߣǲ򵥰ǺħصĿ湻ģȻȸ֡ǿ˵
ܣǺħ岻ּܳĸ֣Ҳоʹ˰ʥǲŪˣħֳʵ
˵ʵǺħ֮оûǿߣħֻһ˵ʵǿ˵ʵȲǣܹԿʥǿߣοˡ
Ūû뵽ſޱȵĺħҲôСµʱĸһ𿴵ĻŪǺħֲ˰ʥնɱʥǺħڳŵĻȥǡ
⻰ħĸֳĬѾ˵ϣѾû˻͵أгޱȣȻǺħ֮˺ǿǣҲܶԿĸϡ
û˵˰ɣɱ˵漴صڵϲһţǿźħֳȥ
ǰǵĵһλˣڣħǵĵһλˣҪնɱնɱħ֮ˡ
ֵĳ֣ҶСħҶС˳˹ȥ
ƾǿߵһ仰Ĵĸ־֪ҶСʵǿһһʥ۷ǿҶСȥ
ǰҶС¶һⳡս׼֣ٲ˷ַâ֮ͬʱȫ֣Ϊ˿̫ˣúϵõļˡ
ʱİʥ۷Ѿ˹һ첲ױһֻ޵צӣ첲һ˽һŽ󣬺ݺݵҶСɨ˹ҪҶСɨϡ
ʥ۷ֱֻ޴İɫڿն˫ֻÿһλعؼٷγһǿҶС繥ȥ
˵ֹҶС죬ƱãɫâΧȫϼӲӣҪϼң̤ٶȿ쵽˼㣬ȵ⻹Ҫ죬˶޷׽Ρ
ʥ۷ǿߵĹһӱҶС˹ȥ˲˶ԷҲ࣬׼õһȭ


1119 ն
ǿд󺧣û뵽ҶСٶȾȻ쵽ֵز
ղҶС繥ұۣʱѾ˳ȥ޷ұ赲ֻܹۡ
ֻȭұߺᵵͷӲǿȼߣҶСһڣͲܹ赲ġ
䡣ҶСһȭʵʵĹȭϣȻȭͷûκιâͨͨȴ̺ǿ󰵾
ءʥ۷ǿߵȭֱͬӱը˿Ѫˮ죬ǿľûֹͣڣƻڵһнṹ
ҲҶСһݺݵĻ˳ȥ
ʱչŰɫʥ۷ǿߵĹˡ
ҶС˫ĿâƳգХһս죬ϣͬսһؼ䣬Ĺâ
䡣ҶСԵԭʼĹһȭһͨһԾҡֱϣаɫǿ߳ȥ
оĵ̣㾹ȻԾգʥ۷ǿЦһǲм֮ɫɫᶶ˲뿪ղڵǸռ㣬һػأҶС˹
ϰɫâƣҲų˰ɫâһѰɫлûҶСնϰɫâҫŷʮĵâ
ҶС绹óңе鲽Ҫ׷ǿ߻еѶȣڶԷȻ˹·ǳԶ޷ƶΡ
ҶСĻˣǿ߹ʱ˫Ŀһ׽ʥ۷ǿе˶Ĺ켣ƾǰ̤һ˲ʧԭء
ҶСʥ۷ǿһĶȻ˲ʧˣͻȻ䣬һɼΣյϢ
СġλҶСһشʥ˹
ʥǿŤͷһֻҶС羹Ȼ࣬һֻ̺ſֲȭͷѾ˳ȥд󺧡
ʱҶСʵ̫ˣûа취ɫһϣ赲ҶСĹ
䡣ҶСԵһȭֱӹʥǿߵİɫϣɫϱǿİɫâҶСȭͷֻǱ赲˲䣬Ȼͻ˽룬ϡ
ۡһʺѪҺһӱҶСҷ˳ȥ
ҺεҶСվУͬħһ㣬ôĴ󣬷·ڵһйâ
ٴǰ̤һ··һεƽ̨һӾ׷˱ҷ˳ȥǿߡ
û˳ôɡҶСЦһ˫һץһץסһɫһֻһӱ㱻Ѫ¡
ʥ۷ǿһ쳹أе˶ĿͶ˸߿ա
ֻҶС統ն˫ץһ԰ɫɫĩ˵δδĵѪҺ·һݵɱˣɱϣƹ·Ƭؾͱ˽¡
ܶжһɺ̫ˣһС
ɶ࣬㾹Ȼ˺ҵҾĲ㡣ǿ߷ŭĺеϵϢ˺ȶ࣬ʧȥǾʧȥɰյıǮ
˵仰ҶСֻֽһӵһ¹âҫ죬һƬռ䶼顣
ءҶСһӲʥ۷ǿߵıϣٶȻ
䡣޴һɽҡضʥ۷ǿһӱҶСȽϣγһδӣϢʧĲܹˡ
ҶСһ߳ʥ۷ǿߵı̤˵ϣ˫Ŀкɱ죬˱˵ʥ۷ǿߡ
㡭ѵ𣿡ҶСĿ⣬ʥ۷ǿǿ־壬ûˣҶСһУǰ̫ˣֻǼһֻ̤ʥǿ߲ܹ֮Կ
Ҳɱ㣬ѵͲԸ𣿡ҶСһ
նҶСһҰ۳һѳݺն˳ȥٶȼ졣
䡣ʥ۷ǿ߾ͱҶСն룬ϳһʮ֮ۡ
˻ÿ˶һתۼնʥ۷ǿߣѾһİʥǿܹԸ˵ġ
ʥǿߣоȻһʥǿߣ忴˵Ŀⶼͬˣ֮ȫʧȡ֮Ǽɵ档
ܺãˣնսǿҶСͶһ⡣
ҵšҶСͬĿһۣ漴ջĿ⣬ĿͶս档
ʱʥǿ߹һ࣬˸⣬˶·磬ѵĿսš


1120 
ͻȻ䣬ҶСĿһʵ΢еѾһľʥǿߺһѪӰʥ۷ǿߵĹԵǱ
ҶСһӳ˹ľǿǰ֣һָ˶ԷؿϣƬɫҶƬ״壬˲䱻µݻˡ
ľʥǿǿ־֮ɫ嵹˵ϣȫʧ
ҶСûͣѪӰ֮˹ȥһһͽѪӰʥǿΧסɫĻ֮ȼա
࣬㡭ѪӰǿ߷ŭĽһΧƵѪһӾͱ˺ܶࡣ
ҶСһӳ˻Уһȭ壬СϵԴſһѪӰʥ۷ǿ߾ͱ˿УȻҶСĿڴС
лл㡣м˵
л˭˭أҶС΢΢һЦ˵ղԵȫȻʧ
ҶСһۣѡ
ֻ𣿰ҶСװģ̾һ
ǳְ˰ɣ˵Ȼ̣ԵС
ҶСƵƵÿγֱһ䣬ҶСеİʥʮ
̫࣬ˡҶСոնɱһʥǿʱʥֵݵҶСߡ
һ㶼ΪԴԼ˻Ҫʴ𣿡ҶСҡҡͷ˵
ʥŭһ˺ħʥ֣ҶС뿪ʥ۷Χ˺ħĳʥ֡
һȭҵҪʵжǿ󡣡ʥ˵һȭȭͷɫмӲ羫Ƭǣӿӿ˹ȭͷĴγһֲ·һ£ضҪ
ҶСͬһȭԺ˳ȥһɫӿʱƻ֮
ǡ˿ֲײһ𣬷ѵ֪۵жô£Ȼʵʡ
ЩʵԵȫ˳γһƥӡ
Χı̲ݡʯޡ
ҶСʥûܵһ˿Ӱ죬Է
䡣ֻȭͷֲײһ𷢳һ
嶼˳ȥҶС嵹һ¶ûУûйһ룬֮ǿ֮
ʥǿ㵹֮ԶһڣĿҶС˵ȷʵſǸʸС㣬ٽһ㻹ܹסĻҾߡ
Դʥִһϱɫâȫ
𡭡죬ƬռеҶһֻ׳״޳ڵϡ
һֻ޾ǶԷı壬Ĺ幥߹ֶΡ
ҵ۷״̬ȫֻ֡״սʮ㣬İٱĶҶС硣
ɢʥޣһԾ𣬳βҶСɨ
ҶСѾ㹻׼
ҶС׼ʱȻ䣬𶯣ǵĩգƬռޱȣһɳصѹȻ
ءһ죬ոһԾֱ˵ϣǱһƬɫâɢ±״̬
䣬˶ֹͣսԶ
֪ǶԶĵطһϼγһƹᴩأѷ첻޸ֲ֮
ߡʥִһŹĵطȥǿѣ·ʶʲôһڴ˷֮ɫҲŹǱ߷ɱȥǱ߳ʲôޱҪĶһ㡣
ֻʣҶСһˣ㿴ңҿ㣬һЩʲô
ҲȥҶС˵һһӾʧˣҲٶת˼㣬ǰжȥ
С磬˵᲻ܹɳıˣҶСٶȵʵ
ҶС粢ûжȫֶĻ¹ȥһսǱģ˶õǸһʱû˸Ҷ֣ҪȻͻΪʸ֮ף⵽˵׷ɱû˻ִ¡
οΪ·˴ʱս鷳ˣҶС粢żٶȲ첻ĺոպƽ⣬Ӿܹ֤ÿʱÿ̶۷״̬
붼ǣҪȻҲϴǺͺħĴ㡣ҶС˵Ҳһ˿ңҿǱҪȻǼʹûбϴҲ˲ء
˵ҶСҪ¶ĵˡ
ʱˡϹҡ׷顢ˣǶٶ˵˼£ҶСԶԶ˦
ҶСһе̡ѩ


1121 ɽȱԵĹ
磬شɽһһɽǧһƴȺɽͼ
ʥǿǧ׵ĸ߿ոشĻͻᷢЩɽƶĴɽȣͺȺɽںƬɽȣֱͬǳڰݹӡ
ʱȺɽ봦ɽڣһҫ۵Ĺâᴩأͨ˹ȥδˡ
ɽΧĸɽվڸĸ֣ǵĿⶼֻһǾһɽȣȻжżǿҵռ֮ɫȴû˸ҽ룬ΪɽΧѷ죬²ܿͻᱻڵѷɡ
ʮӵʱҶСǲŵˣߵӪС
ߵӪ߶ʱҶС˺üɱĿ⣬һĿΪ㣬ΪֱӣɱȻĶͷŲ
ʱŲսưʵŲе룬ҪȻƴӻþشŲҪҰˣѾǵˣͻƵ˵ʵǶ֪˶ٱټյķâ֮ҪնɱһССŲڻ¡
ҶС粻мŲһۣȻߵǰ棬ɽȣɽںͿ͸
ջĿ⣬չʶ鿴һ¸ԼʵȻ˿̣һֻʣʮˣߣʮʧˣǶһİʥǿߣʥ۷ǿߵﵽʮˣЩֻŲһһ䶼һ໥ȽϾ˺ܴľ롣
ħһʣʮһʧʮҶСǾնɱ˺ħʮ֣ǹʱп̤ʥĸ֣һ˾׼ҶСսĺħʥ֣һħϵϢҪǿһЩʥϵϢҪǿһߡ
ľ廹ʮʥ֣ʱܹ̤ʥǿߡ
ʮʥ֣ɢϢʵҲȥ
ʮʥߺ󣬳ֻһϢǿټܹշеԭ򣬿Դ
ѪӰ࣬ʮʥۺǵʵǿġ
ڣҶСȻܹൽУڶĿⶼͶзŭо塢гȵս⡢ǿҵɱ⡣
ЩҶСûںĳ֣ûʲôֶΣԲĶ֣÷â֮
ڷâ֮ĵƣ򲻵ѵʱǾԲܹ¶ġ
ͻȻ䣬ɽ룬һᴩصĹ˲ʧˣͺȫɽڡ
ɽΧЩѷҲ֮ʧˡ
壬ǸϽȥ
Ҫ塣
˱Ǿܹˣ൱˶һء
ɽΧЩѷոʧ󣬸ж˿ٵĳ˹ȥ۸еİʥ־վ·˼ʲôһ㶼ģҶСҲһ
ڲҲһ壬ҪͳһһĻûһͳ֮˵ĵͷǶȻԳɽȵġ
顭ǸոմɽϳȥҪɽУһʵǽһӷ˻ȥ
ɽΧʣһ͸Ĺγɣֹ˵Ľ룬Щ˹ȥǱѣ֮ɫûһٸҽ
һ˶ɽ壬˹ǰ棬Ĺ۲Ź֡
ҶСҲ⡣
䡣һֳŶԹִһȭϷȦȦ漴һɿֲӹӿ˳ֵʥҺĿ죬ҪȻͱһˣһǸղִĹ
˵зá
ҶСǰһ֣˹ϣһ£һصһһɷ֮ټӴһķ֮Ҳˡ
ջ֣ҶС룬һεķâָ֮ӿȻŹȥ΢΢â֮һ˿˿㲻ܹˣ˷֮
˵һ⣬ȫƿֻҪ㹻
ҶС緵ԭأһƽӣ˿ûΪɽȱֶż
֪ƳֵķˣҶСߵ̵ʵܵͣӬֻѩܹü
ĻǶĿͶҶС硣
Ҳ֪ǸвУҾֺǵĻֻ࣬Ҫ㹻ܹơ
Ҫöأٴʵ
֪е˼һĹ϶ܹ֡ҶСЦЦ˵
û˵һ˿Ц˵
Ϊ֤ղҶС˵Ļ¡һ죬ĻݺݵĶ˶Ȼָƽ˲䣬ٴ˺¡һһǹַĹ
ָղѾһ˿˿ѷ죬֣ǼһԴĻġһԶԶĴ˹


1122 ɽ
Զǵ˺˸ֵע⣬Ƿ׷׳壬һŹֹȥ
ҶСһٶ״ľʮʥͬʱõıɫâŷŹϵһ㹲ͬȥ
¡һ죬ֺݺݵĲǿǹĵط˺һѷ졣
Ͻȥľһʥ˵һ롣
ಡһľ֮˴ѷ룬ոսʮˣѷˡ
俪档ľ֯׼֡
ߣŲѾۼ˸ֿʼ˵Ĺһɣγһ׶Źֺݺײȥ
䡣ǿĹ˲ڹĻƿֱԼ׵Ĵ󶴿ڡ
Ųһ˳˽ȥҲĵõǸɳ磬еһоͻᶼġ
Ų֯Щ˶˽ȥ󣬱ǿ˺Ķڻ״С
ҲϽȥҪȻҪ鷳ٴκ俪ҶС翴ߵļ˵Ҳ롣
̤ɽʱǰһƬɣɽڱ䣬ܼȲףʶҲܵ谭ѹƵֻܹ鿴Χһ׵
ףʶܵѹƣɽȺܲ򵥡̵ߴ
ҶС˼һʵʶܹչپ룿
ֻʮ׵ľ롣̿ɬһЦ漴ҶСʵأ
ҵȽ⣬ܹ鿴һڵжҶС˵
ҶСĻȻĿͶҶС磬ǹ֮ɫ
ֻܹ鿴׵ķΧҶС˵
ҶС罫ĿͶ˴쵽ҶСĿ⣬ƽ˵ҵʶܹչʮס
ɽʶºܲ򵥣ǻҪСһ㡣ҶСѵǾ֮ɫ
ͻȻ䣬ЩԾΪΧ̫ˣղǾ仰ûӦҶСŤͷȥֻ̡ѩѾʧˣֻһգۼѣ·ͺǴûгֹ
ҶСгûзǼʧģ⵽ôһ¡ҶСгʡ
˷Բһ֮ڵʶûзκˣ·е˶޹ʧһ㡣
ҶС糤һصܣûӦ
ҶСһ̬ƽͣǰȥɽȺޱ޼һ㣬߲ͷѾ˰Сʱʱ䣬ΧһҲûУ¼ţĪ˷ͷ
ͷոճ֣ͱȫˣʼҶС籣ƽľ
ٴӵʱ䣬ҶСͣ˽Ų鿴һܣʵ̫ˣϳ˱̲ݾǱ̲ݣɵ赲ߣѹʶ˸޷鿴Χʲô
ôһ£ҶСüëҪһ
ʱҶСڴеС˳ҶСļϣɰ۾·Ǹո˯ӣĿ˿ܣȻѽѽĽһצӱȻš
ôˣҶС罫СѯʵоС˵ʲô
ѽѽСצӶһץɫâҫгһϸСѷ죬ϸСѷУҶС翴һأ֣ܹоɽȣһռ䡣
ʱҶС׵С˼ǺһЦСƤë˵л㣬㽱һö塣
˵ҶСƤóһöľ壬ݸСȻ·Լļͷ
ҶСһ˫Ŀâ֮ųֹֻзâ֮ĹΪϬһȵơ
һʵķâ֮ųǰգгһѷ죬ҶСһ̤ɽȡ
СܲҵˣҶСʵȻԼռ䣬ҲĿռ䡣
Сצӣĵâɽĸ㡣
ҶС֪ǿ¾棬˵һҶһ磬Ǹһռ䣬ָϹҷâ֮²һָһСɢ˿һѷ죬һӰǴȻôƽƬռиûиоʲôһ㡣
ҶС΢΢һ㶣˵лл㡣
֮仹Ҫ˵лл𣿡ҶС練һ˵
ĬƽĿ¶һ˿֮ɫָӵӿ
ʲôôô󣿡ҶСüѯʵ
ûʲôֻЩ黹ûöѡ˵һ䣬ȻͲ˵վ
ҶСɬһ£һͷ۵ŮˣȻѾйһιϵǣȻô䵭֪ıԾˣҶСле΢ʹ
ҶССղָϵ㶯â֮ռȫ̺ѩѷ
С硭л֣ҪȻҾҪƬռһˡ̸м˵
ллѩ˵
ſ׼˵ʱҶС΢΢һЦ˵˵ллǶһŶԵġ
˵գһ۾ҶСһۣȻͶмĿ⡣


1123 ռþ
ɽأתۼ˽һռ䡣̸̾һ˵
ȻǸɳضڿռһӰǽһռҲҶСǺһЦ˵
Ҳ֪ô̿˿˵
ҶС罫ĿͶ˼ö̺ӴС㻹ܲҵˣ
С¶һ˿ɻı飬գգɰ۾Ȼž塣
ҶСεһЦΪһֱԼһСŻ֪˵СҳˣСҲ֪˭Ժˣ㲻ҶС磬ʳ
ףɰСǣСгһĨ⣬ʵ
ɭмһֻСһСܹ֮ȫҵǶָҵġҶСЦЦ˵
·֪ҶСڿ佱СѽѽĽ
ɰϲ֮⣬˵һ뻹ˣɽл֪ᷢʲôһԼСʲôΣգǲǺôɰСޡ
߰ɣǸӦþɽ봦ҶС˵
˵˵ͷȻǰȥһ·ûнռ䡣
ԽǰߣеԽŨǶԾ
ǻǰӵʱ䣬ҶСͻȻһü˫ĿɫâųǰҪ͸
Ƭ̺ҶСջĿ⣬¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ôˣĿͶҶС硣
Ҳ֪ܸоǰƺЩԾȴ鿴ԭ򡣡ҶСҡҡͷ˵
ҲоһĲԾΪǴҾû˵˵ɫصĿܡ
Сһ㡣˵ŹʣǾ˫ۣӿӶг̶ȡ
СУԽǰԽǾ裬ͻȻ䣬һɫӰһԵĴȥӰֵʱȫûаףٶҲ쵽˼㣬Ȼʤ
СġҶС絣ĵĽһָһһɫųӰ
֨Ӱһ׼ܣͻȻ䣬һǴˣһ֮£Ӱһӱ㻯ޡ
һҪСģʵڲУ˳ȥɽΧ˭ĵǸʼնҪ߳ɽȣǿԽնɱǸҶСŹâ˵
ԥһ£ǵ˵ͷͬҶСĻ
ŽǰߣҶСĸԽԽͻȻ䣬ٴηߵļ˶ʧˡ
ѵֽռ䣬ҶСһâ֮ųգгѷ졣
ԣʵĿռ䣬ǣôʧأҶСкܲס
С֪ǡҶСո׼ѯСû뵽СͲϣҲ֪ʱʧˡ
þúþãҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ҶСͻȻ俴ǰĵӰˡ
ôҶС籼˹ȥʵ
˿ҶС¶˹֮ɫͻȻ䣬ҶС繥ҶСαˣͬʱȭ赲˵Ĺ
ôˣǲǳԴҩˣôʼˣҶСʮƵʵ
˸ûҶСĻţȻ˹ϬҶС統Ȼܹȫ֣˺ˣֻǱš
ͻȻ䣬ҶСоԼתӿ˺ܶ࣬ͥڵҲ˲õĹâǰȻһռһ㣬˵Ӱʧˡ
ҶСһɫâԾþԣȻǻþ
ղǿ϶ڿռþʧˣֲøղŸое㲻Ծԭˡ
ռþһĻþǿĶֻ࣬ҪһԻ󣬾ͻ˼άĿռУʧԼĴӻþ߳ôռͻԶ飬˳ʵС
ʱҶСɽ봦ֻʮ׵ľˡҶС˫ĿеɫâǼһ㣬ɨɽȣɽûһˣҶСޱȣǿռþȻǿޱȡ
ʱͻȻ䣬Ӱƾճ֣¶һƬã֮ɫȻָ˹Ƕ֮ˡ
Ҳ߳˿ռþҶСһսİʥֺ˵
ѵҾͲܹ߳ȥ𣿡ҶС練һ˵
û˼ʥ˵
ûУͻȻ䣬ľһʥֶҶС˵
ղŸո߳ռþĶƴʱڵ£ǿҶСָǰʮ״һѨ˵
ߣǽ뿴ѪӰһʥ˵ȳ˹ȥһ½˶Ѩ
Ҳ˽ȥǽȥʱ򶼿ҶСһۣ·ȷҶСǲǰƭˡ
˽ȥҶСٴεȴƬ̣ȻҲ߽˶Ѩ˿ռþûа취ȣһжֻǡ
ӶѨǰƽ½һϾ룬Ȼֱ£ҶСһ䣬һߴͨͨǺֱܴҲ׶ѣͨǽкܶһĺۼͺ˹ڳһ㡣


1124 Թ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶСˣǰͨ˼֣ܵǽʣ
֮£ҶСбųһâ˹ȥǽϵȦȦҶСһâֱʧͺǱһ㣬ҶС֡
û뵽Ȼǰȥͨػ΢΢ŵбͬͨ˵ġ
ӺҶСһһٸƽĶѨУͣ˽ŲɵˣֻѨܳ˰ڶͨÿһͨ״Сȫһ£ͨǽ϶֡
ҶСͷ֮Уڲ֪ѡһߵѨ룬ԭתȦֲԼǴĸ߽ͨġ
ϸٴδһ飬ҶСضұߵͨ룺ұߵͨʲô
ͳ˽ȥͨ͸ղͨһģһڵƣ֪ͨ
ӺٴһѨѨ͸ղĶѨһģһѨܻаͨ
ɣѵǽԹҶСƵ˿ͨѡڵұߵͨ
ʱһַֹȥ¶һСʱһССʱڣҶС߹ʮѨÿѨܳͨ⣬аͨÿһҶС綼ұߣ֪ظûУԴһѣ
Ѩޱȣȫ֣޷ֻǺţ¼ʹǺţûһʱ䶼߲ȥ
𡭡ͻȻ䣬һҶСϸȥ޺ǴӾͨһģһй˵ұˣھǳȥˡ
ʱൽһ΢ĽŲһŲǴĶѨдġ
ŲԭԽƬ̼䣬һӰͬ˶ѨУʱһľʥ֣ҶС΢΢㶡
೤ʱˣҶСѯʵ
ľʥ֣ĿҶС磬شӦһʱ
һʱǾСʱˣ϶ظ˲֪ٴΡ
ҶС˳˼УһһͨɱȥҶС罫նɱˡ
ҶСղȷʵǸ˼ԷˣҶСûг֣öˡ
ʮӺһܼĽŲһʮӰͳҶСǰҶС翴ȥŲϹҵһˣǵĶлħ֮ˣװƤڵˡ
һ·Ǳ·϶ѪҺÿ֪Ǿһս
ŲҲôǱʱ򡣡һˣҶСǺһЦ˵
ߣĻѾʬˡϹһ˵
Ųû˵ҶС磬˫Ŀź⡣
ŲɱңܵŲϵ֮ҶС練ʵ˶٣Թ˵ҲˣһõĻᣬֻһˣʮһˣ˽پûκλˡ
ŲĿˣҶС˵ĻģֻɱҶСһ˶۷ʱ򣬷ҶСϢԲоâ״̬˵ҪɱҶС磬ᱻҶСɱ
ûʮɵİգǲᶯֵġ
ߣ֮飬綼ҪģһΣߡŲĿҶСһ˵ȽһѨ˿ҶСһۣҲ˽ȥ
ȥıӰҶСž⣬ѵǸղźһȺҰսӦˣԵץۣղŽǶͨ¶ЩҰڳġ
Ҳ֪ǼڽûУ֪ΪҶС˱˿ռþеĴˣһֻɰС
һ˿ռþСԶˣֻǲ֪ʲôط
Ѩд˺ܾãҶС׼֣ͻȻ䣬һֱס˵ĸо˫Ŀʶչһ׷ΧڵһжԺУֻʮֻۼ׵׸ߵҰ޶ɢϢк
ʮֻֻΪڰʥ磬ֻ۷塣
ǲǹŲޣЩ޵ʵôǱҶС
𡣡ǸоҶСûע⵽ǣһУ󣬴̼˵Ĵԣ۷ΪµˣֱӻᱻѪ
˲䣬һֻʥ޴һͨһԾҶС˹һֻצɢĺ⣬ҪһӽҶСץϡãֻҲͨг˳ھŸͨڣֹҶСܡ
ֻʥ˵ҶСǰһ׵ʱҶС˫Ŀâ֮ųһȭԵޱȣǿľǵأܹѨݻһ㡣
䡣һֻޱҶСһȭҷ˳ȥҶСȫһܹ赲
ӦҶСǰ߳һһֻǰӶȭͷÿһȭͷж̺ſֲ
𡭡һֻ޲ҽвֹȥ


1125 ټС
ҶСȭѸ̺ͣſֲҪ֮ȫйɿֻʥޡ
ҶСԵޱȵȭͷ£ֻްֹҪжңյĪίһ䣬ղŻݡһ˿ٱҶСһȭͻ᳹ɥ
𡣡ҶСһȭ֮ʱֻһҶС˹
ҶСĿһһһֻϣ˫ȭͬʱӶȭķ̰˻ģռֹӿһһͬ󺣵ǽ֣ԹѾҶСˡ
䡭ֻײޱȵ޾ͱҶСһһҷ˳ȥݺݵײѨǽϣֱֻӱҽͨУǶˡ
ҶСվֻһϢޱϣǸħ·޷ԹģǿƹҰƴѹͬ־־Ե֮þֻѣɺɫǿ־塣
ΪҶСһܺõѪȣûаΣյĸоͺһֻС֪ҶСֱһħ
ɣҶС絭˵Ѩлصһɹɺھֻڡ
ǡҶС绰£ֻһϢͣڹͷѵת˲䣬һֻ޾Ĳˡ
ҶС˫Ŀ絶ĺɨһ۾ֻޣһӳ˾ֻʥǰȭͷһȭҳͬĥһСʵɫâųֻ޸ͷӦһȭҶСԴϣһغ
ٴһֻʥǰһȭΣһֻ޴ˣ˹ȥһͨȥѾˣ׵ˣĵȫǿ־壬ת˲նɱֻʥޣʵͲܹԿġ
䡣ҶСһȭĿռҲǿӣһȭˣɢȥΧֻ޶Ʒ˳ȥ
ܣܵ𣿡ҶСЦһسɴ磬һ˲ͨУһץһץסһֻ޽ʵβ͡
𡣡ҶСйâӿһӽֻ˦˿С
ءҶСץס޵βͣݺݵͨǽײȥ
صԹ𶯲ֹһͨɢȥ
նҶСһɣһֻ޾ͱǿ׷˳ȥƾһնķâ֮ųնգһֻǿ޾ͱҶСն롣
һֻ޵ǸĪĴ̼ǸϽŤص壬ŸͨӴܶȥ
ҶС»صѨһץγֻ޴ƣֻʥޱץ
ȥҶСֻһ˦߰ʥ޵ʬԼٶͨС
𡭡ͨУ޵Ĳҽ֪ǻ
ʱҶС罫ĿͶһͨͨУֻˣһһ˽ȥÿһʮɵľ룬ٶȿ쵽˼㡣
ʶֻޣǸ޷롣
ҶС粢ż׷ֻޣҲģֻڻܹĵʱ⣬οЩ޶֪Թ˶꣬һгȥİ취ǽķ
ȥϣֻˡ
Լ׷ʮӵʱڶѨСͨҶСһ߾޵ʬ壬иʥǿߵʬ塣
ಡҶСոճһѨ֮ʱһӰһͨ˳ٶȼ졣
ҶС붼û룬־һƣӰݺݵĻǽϡ
ѽѽ׼׷ֻʱһҶСϤ
ҶСŤͷȥСֻСӶצһӡ
СôҶС¶һĨϲɫ˵
Сһ±ɵҶСУգˮ۾ѽѽĽţ֪˵ʲôӣܵ˼ί
СӾһСӣȤ֮
ҶСëƤЦЦ˵Ҳǹģ֪Ŵһƣ㲻Ҫɣ
˵ţҶСŵƤóһö壬ݸС
Сؽ屧ţ·ҶСˣҶСЦЦͨ׷Ѱֻޡ
ҶСһѨͣ壬ͷղſС׷ֻޣڶֻ֪·
ͨڶ޵ʬ壬Ҳֲһ·ȷġ
ѽѽʱСָһͨ·ҶСָͨ
˼һͨҶСѯʵ
С˵ͷȻ̺ḻľ塣
һ·ϾҶСָʾҶСһָоĿĵԽԽˡ
ʮӵʱ󣬽һѨҶС˵޺ͨͨж
Сָ£ҶСǰĽǰУЩ˵ԽԽ
оǰԶۼֲϢ塣
ҶС壬ͬʱ˿飬ǰнȥ


1126 ʯ
磬ɽеɽȵصͨһһ飬γ״һ޴ϳ
ͨм٣巽ͨ˵صĴ
һƴ󡢿ޱ޼ʵĵ¿ռ䣬¿ռ䣬ͺĳѨһ㣬ܵǽͨ˴ͨɽȵصͨӽ֯
ʱͨڳվŸĸ֣ɫصĿ¿ռ䡣
޴ĵ¿ռУ鲼ޣЩ޵ӣҶСնɱЩ޵һģһΧ޾ĶΧͨе֣Ƿֹǽһ㡣
Ŀнض¿ռһԲ̨
Բ̨Ͽ̻µ·ÿһÿһж̺ذͬعʵԱһ㣬ⲻΪģȻγɵ·̺ϴ
²˭ֻҪܹ͸һ֣ʵ
Բ̨λãһźƹһСԲϣɢɹâֹâоޱȵһЩ
ԲӨ͸ˮһ㣬ڲеâת·̺һ硣
Բ̨Щޱȵ·ͬˮһĹâЩâۼһһԲˮЩâԲˮգͬһ㡣
Բ̨Χһ㱡ĹĻ赲·˴һ㡣
Բ̨ϵ·ǿˮҪõĶ
ʱ޴¿ռ䣬һ棬ҶССˣСڿռں״̬˸ûз
ҶС¿˿¿ռеޣٶһǧֻÿһֻ޵ʵΪǿ󣬿ֲޱȣʵĶ죬Բ̨һֻޣϵϢԨ纣ɲ⣬ȻѾʥ
ĿͶԲ̨ϵǸˮһıϣĵѵ˵ľֻڿ֮УӦѾһˡ
ҶСеˣЩҲõöˮǿº綼ѾˣˮǵĶͲ˿
ҪõǸһսǲɱġ
սһǸ֣ЩޣҶС绹¶棬Ҫõֻгս֮ʱǸᡣ
ҶСʶչ鿴һѰҵǼˣʱڵͨһʮˣÿһܹʥ۷ĸ֣ôһҶС粻ᵣǵİȫ⡣
ٿ˿ĸ֣Ƕˣ޴ĵ¿ռͬϣٶ֣Ҫһǧֻ޻еѣ˵ֻʥˡ
ʱҶС緢СĴļϣǿɰ۾ȴضԲ̨ϵǸˮ۾ģҪûὫǸˮǵС
һ𶯣ʹҪȻᱻϳģҳָǽǿˮõ֡ҶССƤë˵
ҶСĻС˷֮ɫ
ʱҶС羲Ÿ̸ֵۣǵ̸֪֮ĳЩ
ʯȫγѾԶˣӦóʱȽЩնɱˣҪȻʯᱻֻʥõֵġ
ҾҲǣ˭֪ʯõлʲô仯˵õһõֵΪǣֻѾ㹻ˣõʯΪǵĻƲס
ںһ¡
ţӦˡ
ľʥֵĻҶСҲ˼ԭǸˮʯ
ְɣһ֣ҵĻˣҶСصԼ״̬Լ״̬۷ʱ̡
İʥֶҪնɱЩޣȻƾ¶ȡʯ
Լӵʱ䣬ҶС糤һһĨâҫʱѾԼ״̬
¿ռԲ̨ĬĬؼţʱλþǸԲ̨඼ٶףҪֱͨӷеǸԲ̨ƾ鲽ܹģеʱӣõʯ󣬽̲ͨҪȥ߰ʱ䡣
ЩĻʱҲЩɱԲ̨ϵʱ򣬿¾˸ֵע⣬ͨɱʱǾԳˣֵĹʹ֮壬Ҳˡ
취϶вͨһ취ǾǳŴսʱĿȻѸײ۶֮ƻȺٽöĿ⣬ܹ뿪¿ռˡ
뵽ҶС˾ô죬ҪַҪߵײͨȥλ÷£ʵ̫עĿˡ
ҶСĿһΧͨĿ˺ħԱߵǸͨУͨһ˶ûУǸλá
СܴܲȥǸͨҶСָָǸͨʵ
Сգ۾˿һ˼ӣһ͵˵ͷҶССȥǸͨٷɱȥڲֺ֪սҪ೤ʱ䣬øϽϹȥ
ʧʧ


1127 ıȡ1
СԵԹΪϤһ㣬Сָ£ʮӵʱҶСһͨС
ҶС绹ѯʹΪʲôͨôϤСѽѽģҶС˵ʲôֻεķ
ҶС絽һͨʱսѾ𣬸СЩնɱȥ
𡭡һֻֻŭǻӶŷצӣ˦źһβͣ֡
ɱϹâƣϣ¿ռһɻصƣ֣¿ռѾˡ
ΧʵߣȫؾؾʵֺƻΪһѰѼ⵶̽ȺС
֮һֻֻޱնɱѪɽʬһأУûһʥ
ҶСž⣬ͻȻ䣬Ƴ˺ħ˵еöӣħʥȫƴɱޣʥִһӰж
ҶСȱʵҪ濹⣬ʵǿޣӣҪƴ
ҶСһӰ£ʥֹ治ȫЩս
ҶСƤóһöȭͷСľ壬ָϱŷķâָ֮΢΢һȭͷСľͱ˱Сˮ򣬺öʯһģһҶСһתһˮ֪̲ϵΰ
תת컻شת˾ͱɺħ֮˵ӣϵ·Ƥ
ʱȴһʱһֵܹʱ
սԾڼɱһƬһϾͲһ߾޵ʬ塣
𡣡ֻʥ޿Լ±նɱһأƴѹڵص׿ռеܶʥоѹȻӣ·һɽѹǵļϡ
ֻʥ޵ĺУЩʥ޶жŸֹȥ
Щʥ޵ļ룬ĸѹȻǣٲոһʼʱôʹˡ
ɱ
ɱȥ֮⣬һʥǿߣֻʥ޳ȥ
̺ǿĹ˲һֻʥ޳ʵβͺݺһ˦ȵӿ纣һӾͻʥǿߵĹ
ʥޣʵȻǿޱȣʥֵΧ£˿·磬ټǿķһʱ䣬ʥֶеѹƲסˡ
ŴңҶСγԣ˲ɱУΪžϵħʥֶҶСоУͺһͺͶԵѡ
ҶСİ£һ֧Сʮˣһǰȥ֮СӶҪǰ
ҶСʵЩʥ޸ͲҶСĶ֣սĹУҶСְ˺üħʥǿߡ
䣬ǶҶСһ˿𾴣ʵǿ˶õ˵𾴣˵ҶС缸ǵ
УҶСѾΪһ֧Сӵͷ֮ˡ
ҶСĴ£һ֧СӾԲֻ̨һңΪڶСӳԲ̨һ֧Сӡ
·ҶСͳһ֧СӵӰ죬Сۺܱ˦£һҪõԲ̨ϵĽʯ
ÿСӵİʥֶ뷨Ϊ뷨սӲˣаʥи֮Ҳˡ
໥Ƚ޵ĿȽ϶࣬ϾǻԶܺ͸߼ȡ
ˡͻȻ䣬Բ̨ϵĽʯһΧؼپ£
ӵʱ䣬ʯǿĿռ䲨¿ռз·γɣһȦȦɢ
Ǹ֣޶ܵĪӰ죬˸оͺǽĽУÿ˶վȡ
ʱʮңԲ̨ϵĽʯâջ䣬Բ̨ġ
Բ̨ǺֱܴԼңÿһֶضŽʯ·ҪʯԼС
ʯѾȫɹˣ尡õʯܶСӵ˶һ˫Ŀ죬޲ֱӳȥ½ʯ
ղŻսʥֺֻʥ޲ԼͬսԲ̨ȥ
顭ǲûнԲ̨Բ̨ϵĹĻ赲
ɱܹǵõʯСаʥֺе
ʯĳ֣øոջŽһֶ˿Ǹ֮䣬ͬһ֮Ҳһ壬Ƕɸĸɵġ
ǿĹâԲ̨Եʥǿߺһֻʥޡ
䡭ǿͬɽػ
ʥֺʥ޲ò˺ܣֵĹͲܹ赲ġ
һƥԲ̨ϵĹĻϣĻݺݵĲһ顣
Ļڣʥֺʥ޶˱˿ֲŷ
ʱҶСŵСѾ嵽˾Բ̨ʮ׵ĵطλѾˡ
벻ýʯҶСһ֧Сиɢһ΢ľ񲨶ƵĺܺãֻһֻСӵĸֲֺܹ޶


1128 ıȡ2
ʯ˭õɵӡ
ҶС⻰һСиֶĿͶгȵĹâһӾ˵ǵĶõʯ
롣Ƕһ񲨶
ãȻˣҵķԸǾһܹõʯҶС˵
⻰ڶеĹâӳˣǷ·𶼿Լõʯͼ
ֻҪܹõʯҪǸʲôС
ϴܷԸǶġ
ǰ㡣
С˶ͬĿƵĿҶС磬ҶСǽʯһ㡣
ҶСɨڶһۣĿһɫâǶûĺſ˵ƻȥȡʯͨڽӦҽʯȡߺ󣬿϶⵽˵Ĺʹõ˽ʯҲҪˣõʯʱ򣬻ֱӶǣһõʯϽܣԵص׵ĸӽṹ׷ǸûǸܣ𣿡
ҶСļƻǵ۾ƻؼҶСǵʯ׸ǣһǲᷴԣʯҶСеĻʲôƻǶú˼һ
ƻУҸˡ
ҲÿУõʯͻΪʸ֮סһʥ΢΢һüͷ˵
ҶСͣһʥǿ߱һһ˵õʯֲðգĶô׵飬ɲɣɵĻ͹
ʥҲĽĿͶʥǿߣ۵ɱ⡣
ֻҪ˵֣ʮ˲ϡ
ʥҲһ㣬ȻҲΣ棬õһЩҲͻʧȥһЩҧҧصĵ˵ͷҸˡ
⻰ʥǿ߲ŷ
ãڿʼжˣǶͨңǴھͨ׵ĵطܹӳȥĽʯߡҶС˵
ţжܲõʯһʥǿһ˿ɵʵ
ȻˣܵĻһ˵ĻҶС練һ䡣
㣬ϴ󡣡һֻСӵİʥͬʱ˵ͷ˷ܡ
жʼСӳȥҶС⣬ֶװΧЩ޹֧ӣˡ
ҶСһߺΧսͬʱ۲ΧֵֻҪһʱͻж
ʱ˭Բ̨Ϊʸ֮ףԲ̨ʥֺһֻˣǵõʯĻ󣬲ĻҲܴ
˸ղŵһĻܶ˶עǣֻҪһԲ̨ͻֹ
Ȳ˵˵Ĺ˾໥ţ˹ĻԲ̨ҶСȫģΪΧޣװһǱѵģûע⵽
һ֧СӵİʥֶѾָĵطҶСһ˿ʥֺһֻʥֵĹ
ͬʱʱҶС嶯ˣͬȣɲǼͷԲ̨ٶȿ쵽˼£бŷһ۳ʵԵķâ֮ݺݴ̳
Բ̨ΧĹĻɲǼ飬Ʋһ飬ҶС˼û˼һУʯͳУһӽʯɢҶСûʱȥ˼ʲôҪҪ
ҶСԲ̨ƳĻνӵļΪܣʵһ˲ɵġ
ʯеʱеĸֲע⵽һĻðŻ⣬̫ˣһʲôʱԲ̨ϵġ
ǷӦ׼ҶСʱ
һڵ¿ռ𣬡ħֵܣͺÿǵˣ׼š
ҶС仰һʱ˵ĿⶼͶҶСλãʱ䣬ҶСӶֱۣʯװƤУöĳ޴ˮС
һҫöԲˮͱҶС˳ȥ׳ȥķöӡ
ҶС߶һӿħʥǿߣҶСĿ£һץסʯֿ̯˿˷ܵؽǽʯߡ
£һ಴ܽͨС
һͬҶСԤϵݡ
ոרƵĺħʥǿ̯֣Ϊ˶һȷʯУӶ˵Ļɡ
ܹˡ
׷
صͨӣǻлᡣ
ħʥǿŽʯˣеĸֶˣ׷׺׷ȥҳһţǸĸ֣޶׷״ͨ룬׷Ѱȥ
ҶС罫ˮ׳ȥͼûעʱ䣬ҶСֱʧԲ̨ϣٶȴﵽ˼£֮䴩Уͬʱתλָӡ
ĿһɨǼˣҲһͨɱȥҶСƿԽ˿ռǰ㣬׷˹ȥ
̫ˣҴܣǵٶȶȫӳ˲ӵʱҶС׷ˡ


1129 
ʲôˣҶСʵװһɻӡ
һϤŤͷһҶСʱ¶һĨϲͼͣΣʵû£
ʲô£ѵϣ£ҶС΢΢һЦ˵
ҶС̡ѩһͶжͣ
ǵص׿ռûм㣬ǵĲѣͣûСдŵЦ⣬һ˿Թ˵
ѵûе𣿡̷һ˵
ȻˣСǵѣôܹأ˵
ҵҲ󡣡˵һ䣬ȻĿͶҶС磬ʵȥˣ¿ռ󣬾ûмˡ
һֻڵصԹУողŽͿһҵĳ棬ʲô飿ҶСʵ
¿ռıǽʯħ˰ѽʯˣе˶׷ϡ͵
һ̫ͨˣҲ·С˽ҶС˵
ʱСҶСĿڴ¶һɰСԴĶҶСƤҲ֪ڲ͵ʯʱҲ͹ԹԵģûж
ʯܹ֪ģ˭Ϊ¹ش
˼һʱ䣬ߣҲ׷ȥص׽ṹôӣһʱȥǻлġҶС˵
Ƕ˵ͷһ˱һͨ
ʱ򣬱ҶСƵʥǿ߿ٵǰţΧħ˽ػм䣬һǺ±˽ʯǷֹʥˣһ˶̽ʯ
ҶСָҵܡ
ô߽¿ռģǰеĹУҶСߵʵ
̵һЦǰ·ߺܺжϣͨ¿ռͨ΢΢б쵽¿ռʱֻҪûдһܹͨ롣
һûע⵽ҶСһԴ˵Ȼпźħ֣˵ķŵϱȥ
һǰһʱ˺üˣûзͻֵĿȷ׷ѰħЩʥ֣õʯ
ڼ仹˺üֻޣԼֻޣ˳ȫˡ
ڵԹѰǣǵϵȴǣ̽ĿͶҶС硣
ȥϰɣ˭õ˽ʯҪӳڴ߳ǿٵϵȴҶС˵
ֻҶСΪߣҶҶСϵˣҶСĻҲûʲô
Сָʾ£·ŵϱȥȻ̵ķҲУⲻ·ߡ
Լʮӵʱ䣬ڱйеˣͬʱɫ˱䣬гһĨϲ¿ռٲѹˣΪʯߵԭ
˵ٶȸ˺ܶࡣ
ʶѹƣ˸ֶ鿴һ֧Сӵ䣬Ƿ׷˹ȥ
ܹˣ׷
ٶȣѾҪܳˡ
еĸֶˣֻʥ޸Ƿٶ˼㣬һ·ֱײ
ԱҶС˵ĺħʥΪ׵ĺħСӵٶҲ˼ޣ˷ܵǣǰͨûһִڡ
ʱʱܣһĸ֡
Ƭ̺ڣ\ħһ֧СӴͨг˵ɽС
ӵϳһ̶ûͣɽȥڽʯԭɽڵĿռþȵȶʧˡ
ʱɽлһЩִڣǶǲŴӿռþ߳ĸ֣һЩǸոմɽĸ֣ЩΪĿ̫ˣûܹƹֽ롣
ָոʧǸϽԼϢ״̬׼룬ûǸᣬǸո׼ʱͿħһȺֳ˳㿴ңҿ㲻֪ʲô¡
ʱ򣬾һ˷˵ϻˣϽһϵֵסһħ֣Ҫˣǵõ˱
ƺƵͨд˳ϵĸ仰ÿ˵жŷĹâϽ˹ȥһ֧С赲
ϵĸֶȻ࣬Ҳ֣Ȼ򲻹ħһ֧Сӣ赲һʱ仹ǿԵġ
赲ħСг˱ҶСƵ⣬ֶˣȫ
赲ǵЩҲȫ赲ǹȥ
ײһ𣬺ħһ֧Сӵĸǰٶȼ˼֣赲ǵĸκˣһˣȻ赲š
ʱĸѾҪ׷ˣħһ֧Сӵĸֶˣٱ赲һǾҲܲˡ
λ赲ǣһܣʱ򣬽ʯƾֶᣬԹеЩֳˣһᶼûС\ħһֻСһеĸ
赲ħЩһȷʵһʱ仹Ǿ
ѾûʱˣҪˡħСУĸֽ˵
໥˵ͷ˵ãǴӦ
һ壬ɽȥǸոշɱһɽϣִͨг˳


1130 ĸо
쵽Ѿиִͨзɱ˵棬һٶȸ˺֪ܶ࣬׷ϣζŵֵĽʯҪˡ
ɽͨÿӶһһֳΪڶޣǵĿֻһǾסһԺħΪ壬Ȼᵽʯ
ҶСǴͨгʱѾӺˣȻǲһ֡
Ǹոմɽȷɱɽ֮ʱһСѾΧסˣлֻʥޡ
ʯȻǶҪľһʥǿ߽
ôǶסʯ罻Ļȫһʥ۷ǿ˵
һС壬ÿ϶֮ɫ¶һ˿壬ʱǲɵҶСֻҪλϴһа취ġ
λϴܹڶǰõʯȻҲܹǰ
ҶС˵ħʥ֣ͻȻ֣ʧʯͳУλתĹâ̺Ŀֲǽʯˣڶǵ뷨
˵жϳǡʯ˵ǵĵһӡӾġ
ΪǶ˽ʯħһħУѾȷɣǽʯˡ
ʯʱÿһֵĿⶼ޲ֱӶֽʯʼսʤ̰ûһ˸޴顣
ҶС˵ħʥ֣Ŀһۣǹҳһ˿Ц⣬ʯֻһţҸ˭أ
ңǶǺħ壬ʯܹĸ֣ҪȻǺħҪűԵΣˡħʥǿ˵
ٺ٣㣿ܹŽʯôֵΧ뿪˵һֻʥˡһʥǿ˵
ģɰ취ħʥǿߵ˵һ䣬ȻĿͶ˱ҶС˵ĺħʥ֣ùңȻصǵ磬һ˵ϻϵҫ
ܹԼͬһ͸ѪӰһʥ˵
ҰɣǿŽʯѾغǧˣǵĶңұ֤ܹҿٵĴﵽʥʱһ㷵غħ塣ʵѾﵽʥɢһ񲨶
ҿɣø˭ٸ˭ҶС˵ĺħʥֿ˿ĸ˵Ȼ󽫡ʯ
ʱҶСǼ˸˹ҶСǸϹġ
ҶСǼ˸ϹʱֻʥͻȻ佫ĿͶ˹ƺЩɻ
˿ˣջĿ⡣
һĻҶСͻȻʶʲôһɫâĬĬƤڵĽʯȻؽʯȡװ˿ڴУԸСͬʱҶС紫
ˣãַˣҪȻͻᱻߡ֪Сһܹö
ȻоڴеСʯر˻У·±һ㡣
ҶС֮ҪΪղֻʥ޵Ŀ⣬ԷĿʱʱƳԼŻ֮ɫǸ޸о˽ʯĲϾֻʥڽʯ֪˶꣬ǽסʯģڽʯĲȽϤ
ãҪ㴦ǿżٵĽʯˣҪȻɵģʱɾͲˣҶС
ôֵΧҶС绹ûаգϾһֻʥޣҿʥһؾ磬ʥؾ磬ԼھҪ֪ˡ
ž⣬űڶְΧǸСӵĸ֡
ʱΧڶֶһţÿֶ˵ʯУǣ˰ûȻ
λһԣǲҪĵĿľҪȻûߣǸƾȥʯ˭˭ġͻȻ䣬һһҶСǳϤŲ
Χڶ⻰󣬶˹һдŷŭ֮ɫűҶСƵħʥ֡
̫ˣɶ񡣡
˵ƻޱȣҿħ໹Ҫƻ
ɱͰǸĻȥ죬ƾնɱħʥǿߣýʯ
ɱΧڶַ׷Ӧ
һĻҶСЦûа취ٽʯ⣬Ųаһ
ҶС翴˿֣ȻĿͶֻʥޡ
һע⣬ӻܹڶֵĻɡ
ٴοźħʥ˵˭Ҷ˭ҪٸҶһСһٵʯ
⻰һڶֶûһ˸ҶǶ½ʯٵˣһε񰡣Ҫǻٵһ˾ǰˣʧҲܾ޴󣬱ϾΪ˶ഫ͸֣Ǹ˺ܴĴۡ
ڶֶ޿κ֮ʣֻͻȻɢһǿѹرڴͬʱռ·һ㣬ҶСƵʥ֣岻֣ܶǱǿѹ޿һġ


1131 ը
ǾְܳɣѾΧһռ䣬Ͳֻܶ޵ľڿе
仰һ˼תһҲҶСڴһ仰ҶСֻҪ֣ˣϾֻ޴ﵽʥӵпһص⣬ֶûУôȥֻܹˡ
һжҶСļУҪʱ̡
ҿڻôʯһʥֿЦһ˵
˶ԱҶСƵħֶмַŭΪղžȻͼٵʯ
һĦȭ׼֡
ɱҲ֪λִһ־˹ȥЩֶǰʥޱǿˣʵ΢һĸվԭأǹ֪֮սֵܹġ
վھһطʮ׵ҶСЦһԾħʥ֣ҶС羫Ŀ֮£ʥֵѹͶħʥֺӰ졣
ڵħȫȻֱָƽҶСжħʥһ

ͬʱҲˮڣע
ǶҪҶС˵ĺħʥſĴЦϺɫħΧ
ҪҪըˣˡһĻһִһӰˣȻǳˡ
¡Ϻħħöˮȫըˣŷǿޱȵһǻɽ緢һ㣬ϯķ
¡¡ؼ𣬵˻
ԶҶС˶Ͻ˺󣬾뱻ҶС˵ĺħʥֺܽǿߣһǿѪ£ںħǸСӵĸֵ֣ǿĻҷ
һըΧÿһ˶ˣֻʥ޶ˣ̰ĳͷ
ݣȻħԱˡ
ݣϽ鿴һ£ʯڲڣǲǱݻˡһͻȻɫһ˵˲ЩûƽϢ˱ըѰҽʯ
ȿȡѾˣǺħħ󷨸ûôһħʥֿȳ˼Ѫź˵
ʲôʯȻˣǰ׷ˣ
ôʱ䣬ʯȻôˡ
һҡ
֣ܶɫ࣬ѿޱȣǵĶڵѪô๦ȻýʯˣǻȥνȻһЩŽ˼˼Ѱš
ҲãӾͲõֽˡǸҵĳģ
˺ͬĵ˵ͷ
ɢʣ˰̾ǳĬڶ֡
һֻǵĻҪ˵ħֲܶˣôᷢ飬ҿǹģǵõʯͻȻ䣬һ˵Ķһֻʥޡ
ҲĿͶֻʥޣһҪֵӡ
ѵΧҲɣȻûĺһսǣҪ˭Ҳסһֻɢ˾񲨶ǲƳһҶС磬ҶСһɲõԤС
ڶַŭĿ⣬޿ƽɢ˾񲨶ղŵ飬ȷҵʧҲû뵽ħʥôȻҶȻĽʯҸоһӵر
һ仰ղŻޱȷŭ֣¶˳ޱȵĹâ
˭˭ӵб
ʲô
ڶֻֽʥޡ
ģ̫ƻˣʱҶСѾˣֻʥ޿϶ὫڶֵĿϣȻһֻƣҶСɱȻ
Ҳ֪ʲôҵĸоǲģһᱦֻʥɢһ񲨶ͬʱĿͶҶС硣
쵽ֻ޵Ŀ⣬ֶĿͶ˹ЩɻЩ˷ܡ
ǼҲĿͶҶС磬¶ѯ֮⡣
ʲôóɣһ̲رһ۷˵
ǲҶСƽķһ䡣
⻰һĿкųɱ죬ŭѡ
࣬ʲô˼˵ҪȻǲϴࡣľһ˵
˵ĻǻףΪ߼壬ѵһֻ˵ĻĻĿŵĻղħʥ־ͲˣʯҲᱻ٣ԵҲţˣ˶֪һȺҶСĿһɨмĿ˸һۡ
ҶС˵ĸֵɫöˣʵҲףֻʥתעڶֽĿϡ
ˣǸԾɱŽҵ˼һ㣬뽫Լеŭйȥ
˭ֻתһ˫ӽضҶС磬ĿɱΣһǿƳ𣬺õУΧһƿ֮УҶСѹҪҶС


1132 
ֻʥ޵ѹҶС˿ΪһɺƴƴϷ̵Ŀռͻָ
䡣ҶСǰһƿ纣ˣ˫ĿɫâųʥѹѹһöûС
ҳʵǿѵһֻССҲʥ࿹⣿ֻ¶м֮ɫ
Ծ֪˵Ұ޵ʥȫľ۳һöڵ֪Ǽ٣뿴˵ڵܹͻƵʥҶСź˵
Щ֪ʶҶСڹսдӷ컭ڲ־֪ġ
ҶСĻܶĸ۾ˣʥӵڵҲǴ˵ѣ˵ˣǶˡ
Ұ޵ڵв̺ǿжعȵȣΪмغô
ֻȫƶͷ˳췢ŭһ㣬һ޵Ƭռлص
ǿɲһ뿴ʥǿߵжǿҶСƽ˵
ȻˣҾͳȫ㡣ֻֻҫźУɱ죬ƬĳβҶСɨ
ĹǴأƬصҶС繥ȥ
ȭءҶСһκͻȻ䣬ߴޱȣأɢһ¡ƣְԾص̬ӡС
Ͼ͸һ֣սʤĸо
ƬռеҶС£Χһ޴ޱȵӰһӰҶСһģһҶСӶȭͷӰҲӶȭͷ
һȭӵлصƣ·Ƭռ䶼Ҫˡ
䡭ҶСһȭ̺β̺ײһ𣬷˻֮ƥķɹ쫷紵ɽͷϵı̲ȫ˺˷ĩͺͺģһƬɳĮ
ΧּˣܵսӰ졣
ƬأҶСֻֻǴһѣûж֡
䶨֮ʱֻҶС˺岽һӡֻ޺ͺ˼ͬӡ
һһ޵ʵ൱һĻֶһ̫ǿˣȻܹʥƴ¶ǿҵɱ⣬һ˿ļɵ
ɳԲܣҪȻһǸµĶ֣ܶ
ͬˣҶСԴѣ֪Լ·磬ΪԼղѾóǿȭֻֻͨһѣҪֻޣҪ츳ҪȻֻƾΪ򲻹ֻޡ
ʵȷʵǿҪҵڵ㻹һ㡣ֻĿź⣬ûٶ֡
Ѿ˲֪ٸ£෴Ⱥܶ߼廹ҪҶСʵѾ֪һţȻֻ֪һֶѡ
ҶСƴĻǱȻܾˣ͸Χĸ˻ᣬȻٺҶСսˡ
ʱµѾˣѾˣԾţղоһ˿ʲô
ֶ֪ҲֻܹˣҶСûбǲ֪ҶСʵǿӹɵģնɱҶС磬ڲʱΪǸкж˶ˣͬǶܵһˣҪսҶС粻һᣬǾ͵òʧˣҪնɱҶС磬ʲôʱ򶼿ԣҪڡ
εļƻʧˣȥ󣬿϶Ҫܷģ
һҪƽϢˣŲǲʣͲҶСȥʱҶСֳʵͱȲϣǿҵܵеĴľҲһ˿覴ãնɱҶС磬һӶӰУΪԲгĽ
˿֣ȻĿͶҶС磬ҶС磬Ȼʥ˵бôһʲôöɣôҿǸƤĹĵһʲôöûдҲͲΪˣɲҪΪһ˶ǡ
Ų¶Цݡ
仰ҶС磬˵ɫÿѾˣƫƫҪ¶ⲻǴĺҶСȥ
ˣͬԶɫҲе㲻Ȼ
СͺܾΪ壬λΪ̫ʧˡ
Ļ˵һҶС˵ɱ
ô߳ŭˣѵİʲôﲻɣŲЦһʵ
࣬ôҿҲ޷ûʲôĻǲΪ㣬ǽѪӰһʥǿ˵
ǶѾ׼ˣŲ仰Ƕһ˿棬ҶСƤеװһЩʲô
ÿǿ߶ԼϣǽԵİôҿԸ𣿡ҶСĿһɨ˵һʵ
ֲҶС˵ĶʵǣҲܽ򿪣˲鿴
˵ţĿͶŲгŨŨɱ⣬һ˿ĲмһһŲȥÿһ̤˴صϣɽ嶼Ų
Ųгһ˿ң֪ҶСҪնɱˡ
ʯƤһöʯ


1133 һ
ҶСŨҵɱ⣬һһŲȥ֮ʱͻȻ䣬һһʥǿ߿заžϲ˷ܡ
ҶСĽŲͣϵȫдɻ֮ɫĿ˹ȥֻʥǿ߱ɫȫ˴ɫ·ûʲôܹӳĲ鿴ķҶСϿŵСƤ
ʥǿһ仰һ˶ĿͶҶСϣ¶С̰֮ɫ
ҶС绹֪ʯʲôĿͶѧӦ֪ʯʲô
쵽ҶСĿ⣬һ˿ɫڽ͵ʯһֳռ챦ʯͨγڿռѷУʯγɼΪѣҪʱ伫ΪγҪĲҲ̣ܿˣҪһʱڣ˿ʯΪ󣬾ںʱڶÿʯƷߣƷʸߵĿʯڵĿռ䶼һСɽСؼһװʯڵĶԶһ˲״̬
ĻҶС˿ʯӵ˿ʯԼͿЯˣô鷳ıһƤõˣǼеƷͿԴ룬˵ҩ֮ģȲõҩʧҲõı͵ߡ
ѵһöСʯͷǿʯҶСǸѨʱС׼˹ȥȡΪöʯСŸĹϵź
ȷƤпʯһʥ۷ǿɻ˵
˵оһˣ۾⣬ܹ͸һЩ赲һʥǿ߽͵ͬʱضҶС磬·ǺҶСһ㡣
⻰ڶֶҶСһʯֻҪܹõʯҲǲѡ
۾ܹе谭ʱħһŮӺ˫Ŀʵ
⻰еɫһ㲻ÿ̵ŮӣĿɱ⡣
ܹе谭Ƕܹǵ·ˣ
ӵʥʶʲôϽ͵ᣬֻܹĻΪɢһͿ͸
Ѿˣڶֶһ㵭ԼԷ⵽ӡ
࣬ѿʯˣѧղħʥԱһʥֶҶС˵
һֻûȫҿǸʥĴһﶼ磬޴֮ôõĶһύ𣿡ҶСһۣ֡
ͽȻҶСȫƱŷ˫ĿϬޱȣ絶âųƿһռ䣬˵ҲӣҪʯԣõȼ۵ĶҪȻ붼Ҫ롣
˵꣬ҶС罫Ƥ潫öʯȡ˳۲ţ˽ʯСԿʯȤˡ
ʯӨ͸ڲеתҶСܹоõǿռ
ҶСһǰʵǿʯ𣿡
Ҳ֪ҴûмֻǴһЩϵʷпҡҡͷ˵
ʱֶõʯǣǶɵҶСʵûһָͷ
ŲͲסˣҶС˵ʯǶ֪ģһʱ䣬϶ò֮ƷҪǷţȻȥٸ㣬еĻֻܹˣҾͲţһܹԸôˡ
ŲĻҶСЦˣڲ֪ô޳ܣżΪǼϣȴΪżҵһŶ治֪ôż˵żҵϣģȻԶʱǿһ㣬˼ȴģ㣬СһͬʱżҵˣԶԶˡ
˭ҪʯȡֻҪǸʵҶС˫ĿһɨݣͣŲϣȻâ֮ų
ռ䶼ˡ
оΪΣյϢŲαˣͬʱһȭһһıըƽ
ŲɫޱȣҶСֻĿѣôľȥ⣬ʵֲ̫ˣҲгһС
ҶСûŲˡŲһڣѾ̣ڱɱŲ
ɨһۣȻߣһһһȥ
ûпֱӸȥ˼ѾȷˣҪҶС繲ͬһС
㲻ظƾǻҪҵҶС翴Ŵ˵
֪Ҳһô֡ƽ˵
ҶСɬһЦһˣشңʹ򲻹ܣѾ֮ˣٶȸ˺ܶ࣬Ʊ¶ܹ͸ĸһ
ʱ̡ԥһ˹ȥ
ѣѾҪһһС̿ҶС˵
Ҳܾôˣ㻹ǷҶĻҶС֪˵Լò
Ҳ뿴ġ˵һҲߵҶСߡ
Ҳʧȥһö֡ѩ°
һΡһҶС磬Ŀս⡣
ǶѾҶС̬ˣҪһеһС


1134 ʵս
ǵĻҶСһůĸоأ߻ѣкһѡ
ܹЩѾѾ֪ˡ
ҶСдŸм֮ɫ˵֣ҶСˣԺʲôѣңһæ
㻹ҪԺ󣿽֮أǼĻ뿪ߣҪȻֲ顣ŲſЦһ˵ɱȻ
ĸֶû˵ʲôŲ˳һЩǿһ󷴸С
һϷӣϴŵЦݣ⿴ɱ
ҶС˫һУ˿ʱŲѾۼʮʥǿˣвлߣеߡѪЩÿһжŷǿɱ
ƾһʵһ˶ܹȫնɱҶС粻мĿһŲһ˵
ſɣҿܹſʲôʱ򡣡ŲЦһ˵ȻΧʹһɫ
ಡʥ־赲ҶСǰˣԷҶСܡ
ܹ赲ס𣿡ҶС糰Ŀһۣûнʥǿ߷
λ֣ɱҶС磬Ȼٸƾ¶ȡʯǿôǲͬĻҶС߰ɣʱŲûǳֶԸҶС磬ŤͷŸ˵
һĬ໥һۣ˵ͷͬҪ˵ôҶС磬ǵȻģʯǶ֪ڽʯˣ帶Ĵ̫ˣõһЩõĶǶоûȥ
ҶСƽҶСʮ֮ԶľʱͣΧ޻ԷֹҶСܣȻиĿģǾǱʵʵﵽʥɴޱȡ
ҶС翴˿֣кâųôۣĿͶŲϣ㻹һΪ޴ֻƾԼеԿҡ
ҪɱˣҲ֪ջжٸӢڴˡҶСɫƽȴ͸¶һ
ֶܹܵ仰еɱǷ·𶼿һʥѪȾɽ龰
ˣһɱΧɫҶƬڿ裬սĵ
ҶСŤͷһ̣һߵǰ˫ۣɫâų̵ֱ̽˫ĿУͬʱ˵Ҫһսǹؼ
ҶСĻ̷֪ҶСǲẦģյҶСݹϢʱ¶˼ɫ
ȶ񣬲ҪģһиõģⲻһֶѣòôҶС˵
ûҶС̴һѾûʷеϹʱ֮һӵоǿĹ֮Ⱥսܹȥ޴
ҶСľٶڸУǲ֪ôһ£ʡ
ߣŪ顣Ųһ˵ͬʱϱŷƣƿ¼һľƵıŷַ׷׽Լ¶һֲе־ҶСһ
޴ѹɽһ˼ͷÿ˶ͦƸͲκӰһ㡣
ҶСһˣԿϰٰʥ֣˿ûоֻǣһսΣֻҪܹţѾ϶洦
̴ûö೤ʱ䣬ʱͽˣڵĲеҪ졣
ǰ˵ע⣬ò˶೤ʱͻȽǡջĿҶС˵
̸мĿҶСһۣȻĵ˵ͷ
ɣһսʷᡣҶС˵˫ĿĹâųƾһεķâ֮նռ䶼Ҫֳ롣
ΣգˡᵲҶСǰʥеһ¶һ˿֮ɫһϽˣҲоΣյϢѸٻˡ
ϧѾˣâ֮ɱӰͿٶȼ죬˷ʤ
ۡ赲ҶСǰʥֵԴ˲䱻һһ˲䣬ߵʥ֣ϳһĨѪۣһ㷢ֲԾҲҪնɱˡ
ҶСּնɱʥ֣еĸֶо쬵ģ޵Ŀ־壬ǶûпҶСõʲôĹ֮
ֻоҶСλޣѩһͶв˳ж¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ȿâ֮ҶС׼ʹõģڲòʹˣԵĿǶٶİʥְ
ɱ
ɱ
ŲһУҲһҶСһ˹˹
Ĺǵأ·ǳˮһҪҶСû
Ҫһһ߹̫࣬ΪҶС˴ȴʧԭء
ۡʱͻȻ䣬Ųʥǿ̴ֵ߱࣬ϣ͵ȴһ̡
ղҲվ룬վվҪõö࣬ӻܹնɱһЩ֡
лҼˡҶСмĿ˵һܼĹ


1135 ս
켣Уһ֣֣еĸֶڶҶС˹Լͬ˵ĺٷ˭Ҳû뵽ϻ֣Լ˳֡
ת۾նɱʥ֣Ҳ˺ü֡
ˣȸնɱˡϵľٶŲŭѣŭ죬һȥͬʱΧҲϳȥҪնɱ
ϼ֮䣬Ƭռ¶ȶˣ·˺̹ǵĶ죬־ܶǰʥǿߣҲоһ˿˿⣬һ꣬־ڶ⡣
ΪģΧһΪ΢һİʥǿ߳жٻתٶȽͣ彩Ӳȵϼ
˰ʥ磬ļ֮ǰ֪˶ٱǿޱȣһʱ䣬ΧЩָκβ
¶˫ֽһĺؿֱĶ£ߺɨɱÿһ̺ϵһ־ԵƳһ
ѩȫһޱȣǾʶһ㣬Χİʥǿ߹ȥʱʱһҫ۲õİ׹ųͻһʥǿߵһʱ䣬Χֶһ˿˿⡣
һһϸ趯Χض·ؽӰ֣µĲӼΪ£ֶ࣬ܶĽˣȻиֱӱԴߴ࣬һغ
Χϵƣ·֮ףһӣǵ䣬ͷһͽ£˵ĹĹΧ㣬Ϊ޴
ʵˣΧ׷ɣÿһƬ궼һ̺ǿʱƬâ¶иһУʱͬըǰ㣬ֱӱըٶȼ죬дУִ˺ܶ鷳ҲкܶΪսˡ
УֻҶСſڸУ޵Уȫâ֮ų˾ͺһ嶼ܹնУһȫɷâ֮۶ɵĳӶŻԵҡ
еİʥǿҲҶСǿһӵϣҪҶСŰΧסԸҶС硣
ֻǣҶСͲӲƴڶˮòڣÿһӶ߰ʥֵ
һʥֵ£ЩʥǿһۣҶСʵ̫ƻˣרŶЩΪ͵İʥֳ֡
ӵս˶˷ְţӲǵʵҶСǣΧǵˣԳ֡
֣ǲ뱻նɱ˳һֻ֣ͻȻ䣬ħһʥֺһ˵
⻰ڶðְŵĸֶ˳ȥΧסֹҶСܡ
һ˵˳ʹҲտʼǰˣΧѹȻӣǻķΧҲܵƣֻҶСƾ޼᲻ݵķâ֮ڸУȥ磬ҪǴ̣ٶȻܹ֡
ҶС磬㲻ʵǿҵҪúÿܷȥŲſһЦʱʱ׼ŸҶСһȭ̫ʱҶСֳʵľѣϵķâ֮оֻҪԼһӽͻᱻҶСֱնɱ
ߣ֮ǰ϶Ȼնɱ㡣ҶСȻһͷ˫Ŀâ֮ųգһӳŲǰŲһһӱâ̴֮˼Ѫֹǹɷâ֮ͣƻ˿ΧһУϽת赲һƻ֮
ҶС磬һҪŲЦһŭ˵
ҶСЦһʱֻó˾ųɵķâ֮ΪҪһֻһ֣˭֪ʲôʱṥʵʵʥǿߣԶЩʥǿ߿Ա⡣
սʮӵʱ䣬ҶСһ˶ѹסˣ·磬Ѿһˡ
ҶСɫһƬأ̣·֪ҶСʥ۷ĸǿߺᵲҶСǰǿĹŷһƬضڲ֮ӡ
ơҶСһʵԶâ֮һն£ӿһӱҶСն룬ͬʱҶСҲоһ
񱩵ķ쾢ɨϰ˻ģΧܶʥǿ߶˿
ҶСǻһնգһӾͳߣƣ˸ҵâ
ϢһֵҶС˵зâ֮ɨһӾʮλʥֵĹ
û£һֵܹһ󡣡ҡҡͷᶨ˵
ѡһ㶼𣿡ҶС΢΢һ̾ʵ
ڣҲӦվӦڰа㣬ûǼˣ˵ٶȶܹ롣ɬһЦоԼǸ׸ûаæ۵ҶСӲƴ
Ҫ˵ĻһսģӵǶ׷ѰúսɣδûлᡣҶС΢΢һЦ˵漴кɱΧİʥ֡


1136 Բշ
磬Ⱥɽӣ嫰磬طЩɽѾĲˣЩɽȷʵޱȣǿܴһֶˣӿɽС
һޱȾ޴ɽϣγɣ֮ϣɹǿͬŭһ㣬צò硣
֮쳹硣
սȻڼһһֻҶСһѾ֧Ųסˣѩ˳Ⱦİ϶մ˵÷һѪԼģҲǵ˵ġ
һҲһһɫʿϣһ˺ۣѪڲϵ
ǶˣˣȻţʱսҶСҲ֧ŲסˣÿһϸУӰޱȣʱҪһ㡣
â̫֮࣬ѾܹʹˣӶһ˫ȭɨķÿһȭƣͬһɹӿŭ
ȵӣʮʥǿ߽ҶСյģҶСͻư֡
ֹĿǰɥİʥǿ߲ʮܶһֶǱҶСնɱģҶСһɱһ˵ÿ˵ġ
Żе̡ҶСûа취ͻơ
ءҶСͻȻһΧ¶ȻͣдѩÿһƬѩж̺ϵ
ҽѩ䣬ѪЩѩݺݵĴ֡
ͺͺɽϣһ㱡ɽͻȻ˱ɽ
ҶСͻȻ䣬츳ʹãһӻһЩս
ϣѩУļãȻҪʱѾĹֱܹ࣬նɱ֡
ɱҪˣѾֲ˶೤ʱˡľһʥǿߺе
⻰ֶˣݺݵҶСһ˹
һʼǱҶС˴һֲ˺ܶˣѾסսĽ࣬ҶСһҪնɱϼѡ
ʱǵķ񹥻ҶСĪѹ
ɱҶСٴκȵȻγɣݺݵɱ֡
쵽ڶǰ˹ĻԾԵ
츳Ⱥ幥֮ս֮ʱֱһ˵ѹ˼֡
սеҶСͻȻ䣬ʲô¶һĨϲĿͶ˻е̡
ֻ˫Ŀ⻪·
ôȫûУҶСʵ
ûУ֮һôô򣬲Ѿ֣㹻ˡŵ˵
ãʱҪˣҿǷ֮ҶС˵Ϲҳ˲пЦ
ϡֵܡֵܡֵܶǺһսҶСһÿ˶ˡ
ѩȻ֪ҶСΪҪľǻҶСɱ
ʱΧУԶϹǱˣӵĿսҶС硣
ҶСìܣǣǸԼʵҶС磬Ǻͬۡ
˷ҶСƣѪڣȥҶСһնɱ֣κǼѾ뵽նɱҶСˣֻǱ
мɱһѪ·ںҶСˣǿĹһǸ˱״̬
̸ո׼֣ҶСֹסˡ
㰲ĵĵ飬ȻҶС˵漴˫ĿâųΧڶִȣСУֵˡ
ûҶС˵ľԲպС
ӷ𣬸λʩͷǰҷǣĳѡһдź𳪣һɫâϵսⶼɢ˺ܶ࣬һЩΪ͵ĸֶԾĸг
ԲϽҫһͬһ㣬ׯϡơʧ֮ˡ
ҶСһУȦȦ˰ֵĹȦȦϣȻʧ
Ͻָһ£һһսǣȽСк̣ȥһɱ֮ˡҶС翴˵кһʹԲյĽɫȦΧ߳
˸óҩҺһ£ԻָԼΪơ
Բʱ֣һжҶСƻġ
һʼǼվʱԲҲ׼վҶСֱӴȲվΪĹһ㣬ǷһָȻǳҪ˶
ΨһҶСʧľϣΪǲվģû뵽Ǹʱնˣ֪ӣҶСͻԲһͬʱ
ŲҪûܾ㡣


1137 նɱŲ
ҶСԲɢĽɫȦ߳˫Ŀ磬·еһɱŨңɱⶼӰƬռе֡
صķͬϵ齵һֲΥĸо·Ųˡ
ҶСסеˣһһŲȥ߶ĹУΧգҶСŲȥ
ټ٣ټ棬ֱֶ治һҶСġ
ɱһ˾Եסô˵ĹľһִһһɫǳһϱҶСݺݳȥ
ҶСΧֶܶóԼĹ·ҪҶС
ҶСӰλãʵ֮ãӰأһһֲȫȻҶС˿
ҶС磬ɱңô˹ܲߵǰһ£ڶΧҶС磬ŲſЦ·ѾҶС˹еǱģ
Ҳܹǰ
Ųո£ͻȻ䣬һŲпһ£Ѱȥֻ֪ʲôʱҶС羹ȻѾҲ֮Զĵط
ҶСһ֮ɫǲмŨŨɱ⡣
ܣܣողǻڡŲָҶСղŵλ˵˵һ˵˻ΪһطҶС硯Ǿһ飬ڼʹٴˣЩȫҶСӰһҶС硣
ûʲôܵģ˵Ҫûܹ㡣ҶС˵ͻȻһȭռ䶼ڻζ·Ҫһ㡣
һ޿赲ľӿҪգȫ顣
סҵסŲһʥǰͬʱ˶ȥ
䡣ǿȭ·콵һ赲Ųǰʥǿֱӱ˳ȥֲȭֱ뵽ڣƻڵһнṹһʥǿΪ磬ҶСȭ࣬˿ֻƾһ֧š
ǿûм٣Ųȥ
ۡƥľŲϣһѪ嵹˳ȥ
һ𹥻Ų֣Ҳһӱ¶λã๥ϣʮɫ͸ϵܣƬռ䶼ҪǿĹˡ
ҶСڿռ䣬·֮ӣع壬գۼʹǵķŲȥ
ҶСͲܳΪΧֶûôȫҺΧ𲻱Ҫ鷳ǶסһӲҶСлɳá
Ҷֵܣ֡ҶСոճ嵽ŲǰʱһӰᵲסҶС硣
ӰԶһ˿ӣһ˿ᶨΡ
ô˵ŲżҵˣС壬ȻܹŲǰ
û˿赲ҡҶСɨһԶ˫ĿȻųɫâֱֱ̽Զ˫ĿС
Զ¶һ˿ã֮ɫҶСһξʧԭء
ꡭꡭһԹͷѵ
ŹͷѵһҵصƬռ䣬һһɭ֮
áһ£Զ˹ϽתȥֻҶСһֻסŲĲӡ
ŲϥǴѪģͷ¶˳˫Ҳһ첲⸽ûһõĵط֫ˡ
Ҷֵܡ
˵ûг֣ˣòȻѾһʬˡûԶһ仰˵꣬ҶС罫Ļ䡣
㲻˵ɱ˵ܹնɱ𣿡ҶСɱ˵һ˿Ϸʡ
ŲһޱȣһûܹԽΪһ̤ʥػؾ磬Ҳֶʮ꣬ʮ궼ǿסûͻƾΪ˵ȴһ̣û뵽һоȻƻˣҲģҺܲģ֪ˣӦòϧһֶȽնɱ
ұնɱһᱻżնɱŲɫ˵ոմЦѾͱҶСס˲ӣܹһ˿
֪֪㱾͸һ;ʲôݾߣΪ˽㾹ȻһŮ尾˶ʮ꣬ԲʣҲͷ㣬һжҵģ⻹л㣬ҪȻ㣬ôʶ㣬ӲлõģҲɱ㣬ɱ֮ˡҶС˫Ŀź˵
ʱֵĹˣЩǿĹ˷ҶС粻֮壬Ҳᱻ˻ֱ
ҶС罫Ųһӣ˷ҡֱϣ̤գһһӾʧգۼͳԲյĽɫȦ֮ڡ
䡣ҵıըأһ㳾գǿøڶֶܵǿҵ𶯡
䶨ŲѾʧˣѪˮЩһƬֹҶСʱ˷ĩһ콾䡣


1138 
ֿҶСԲɢĽɫȦڲʱȫĿͶ˹ͬʱſֲĹҪɫȦ飬ҶСһȫ
˰ʥ磬ԲʵɫâķҲ࣬ȵʵת䣬ȫɢɫȦֻ΢΢ζһ£ûбơ
ôܣһʥ緢ĹĻȻܹ赲סʥֵĹ
п϶ʲôܡ
ٴιҾͲĻжʵ
ΧּͬʱֵĹȻûнɫĻƣ֣ܿǱ׼ڶֹ
ʱɫȦڣҶС̵˵ͷ˼ǿԶˡ
ƤƤóһƿҩˮһת񹦣ָͷâ֮
ʱ֣֮ϣ˫Ŀ˷·Ϊһ壬δ࣬ؼѾƮ
ϸ״иָᲦңһԾȻأص硣
һУеĸж
Ҳع򣬾֮ϣ¡¡죬ռ·ʲôµĶһ㡣
ıʹս½ĪĻţ·ҪʲôֲҪһ㡣
ϽƳɫĻǸ൯
ô£ΪҪϣ
пڷʲôµĹһʥǿ߲˵
Ļո£ٴһϵ
ĵʧڶֵ񣬾ͬʥޣжһ˿Ի
ɢؼ䣬˿ռ䣬¡¡֮Ӿˣػ
ֵĹֻܷӳʮ֮һʹƽɫĻ
ϵĵÿһңһͻɢؼ䣬·ع˹
Բǧ֮ڵپ££һƬϷҷڰĳֹš
紵𣬷ɳʯؼһƬ谵һɫγɣмſſűÿһűһĪܣϸͻᷢЩеı۳Ĺ塣
ҽǲļʥֱԻ˽룬ֱӱſűˣ˱ը
⼸ֱӱըʱˡ
ҲòȥǶѹƣͷӲսЩֲıʱȥҶСһˣǱĶš
ꡭڼ֮ϣһ罵£һʥֱӱһ̿
һֻһǰף漴һһ罵¡
䡭Ⱥɽ綼𶯣һγɣҶС⣬еĸֶڷӴܡ
ؼǵжܵǿҵƣ롣
Ѿָ߰˰˵ҶС˫ĿһĻĩһľʱ𾪵˵˻Ȼ֪ǿޱȣû뵽Ȼǿ˵ز
ûһʱ䣬ɥʮ֡
ĿͶ̣ɫһ䣬һá
ʱ۾գͷϺֱðһӨ飬ҶС֪Ǿþı֡
ҶСȻûпȥ鿴һЩǺ˽ģһͲֹͣˣǵꡣ
̵֮òĻͻῪʼľѪ
Ҳѹǿ󣬶ھʵ̫ˡ
ҶСһǰһָ㶯üģһɴľ뵽̵ͥУҶСĳţҲְ֪취в
ҶСľӴͥڵİ޹ⶼҪ˵֮ʱһɾ޴һɹɾͽͥڵУʱͻȻ䣬ԴһȻ죬ĳֶһ㣬·߽һ磬һ磬̼硣
һԹߵĽǶȿ̵һһʱޱȣ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ڴĸ߳
иоʱޱȣ̹һʵнһ˲ѡ
ʱоԼ̵ͥͥԳһͨͨ˵ͥһ𣬹ޱȣһɹɾԼͨ˽ȥȻִͥеͨӿС
Ҳ֪ô£ʱҶСоԼľ֮ղŻһЩͥڵҲָָ֮һ
ҶСջԼָʱѾòЩˣͥеһͨԲ鿴һ˼һͨ⣬һ߿һĩյľ
罵£ʥַĶܣҽ
ģҶСоһѣ鿴ȥֻѾû˹ʣҲʣʮ֮һ
ҶСϽת񹦣תΪ
ǿ־壬صص󣬴û˵һλܹ࿹⣬һ˿⣬֪ӣղžӦնɱŮӡ
ʱҶСнп죬ĵֱ࣬ѪѾһˣǣڲϳȡš


1139 
һضңǿµĩվ·ܹһ϶£ӵһιŻԵµĹϣһһصΰ
⵽˻ԵĴڿµΰ֮£ǸӲɽͷڶһɥˣҪټӵʱ䣬һƬڵеĸֶ
ʱĵǽ˽βҶСڵѾûжˡ
ۡͻȻ䣬ȻֹһѪɴҲȾ˺ɫҶСһҲشʱĹȣͬҲʣ޼
̣ôҪҪҶСĵʵѾȫָ˵ҲĵĿ̡
û¡ղǿֹܵ˷ɣϢһʱûˡҡҡͷ˵Ȼóһƿҩˮȫ˽룬ָԼ塣
ǿֹûеꣿҶСʵ
ûУⲻһСΣµʥԺܹĵȿȡ̽һ䣬ȳһѪ
ҶС𾪲ѣû뵽Ȼûе꣬治֪ȫʲôӵģһ뵽ȫҶС巢Ҫûеôľ꣬˭֪ҪپͳŲס
ʱľ޴󣬵ҶСȻǿţΪ˭֪Щֻ᲻᷵Ը
ֹɲǼָƽǸղеһвһΣɽҰʬѪ߸֣ⲻһΣһʵʵѡ
ٶʥǿߣʱһЩһⶼˣһȺҲʧأֻʥ޹Щޣûʣ١
Բڵɽͺͺģûһ˿⣬ǻɳĮγɣ˻Ե
ʱػָЩԺֻһ֣ǾӣӵԽԶԽãȻһֱ˼ʵŤͷ˿ҶСһˣٹ⣬Ӻٶȼӿ죬Զȥ±ҶС׷ϡ
һһǵĳ棬ҶСһȼ˾ȻնɱϰʥǿߣǰδеʧֱǶɱһһϣ
ÿһ˶һĻĿԺУг˿־廹ǿ־壬·ѾŨΪеӰ
ߺҶС糤һЩֲԼƹΧˣ¾Ҫ鷳ˡ
ҶСͷĿѣһģһƨڵϣҿʱķס
ллҶСǿһЦм˵Ȼ˴ϣռ˵ģ巢γġƤӳزѣú˯һ
ʱѾ˹ȥ˷
ǸϽ뿪ȥһȫĵطҪ׷ͲˡҶСüĿЩ֮ɫ˵˵꣬Ƥһ˯ˡ
Ϊ˱֤Զ˯״̬ҶСѹ˴ϡ
һߣҸطǻָһ£ҪȻȴЩַӦǸûаպһս˵
˵˵ͷȻһȥҶС磬̵̣Ĺ٣Ŷжȥ
ղű˵ĸķϷһƬɽɽȵλãǶ֪ɽŨЩŨָ
ҶСһȻǰһСʱʱͣҵһСĹ֣б̲ҶïϪˮò峺Ҳ˵ȽŨ
ǽҶС˶˸ɾƽʯͷϣ˺ҩҺ˱ػˡ
ղһĻҲǵ飬ΪӲȥˣû뵽Ȼ˾ת̵ɹȻﵽ־磬ǿֲ֮
Ҳ˿ҶСĿд棬ղһҶС紫ڸ̵ģǶҶСôֲֿ֪ĹֶΡ
תۼ䣬ʱ䣬һζҶС˹ʱָɣҲָɣϸڵķâ֮ȫָˡ
ѹ壬Ȼ˿ΧĻͼ̸һ뵽״̬Բ֮ڵ֮پ£뵽ҶСУٵıһֲΪһֻ˴ľ뵽ͥڣһСִͨн룬ڣʣȫӿ񾧡
ΪҶСĹϵһҲ˹ӵĿҶСһۣȻ״̬
ҶСΪ봿ʱͥı仯ȫֻǵȻֻŵû˼鿴
һ鿴ԼͥйȻһصͨһصͨҶС֮ͥ
ҶС翴м䣬ҲֻǵʱͲơ
ߣȻҵм䣬̫ƽˣҸҲļ䣬϶ʲôܣмΪ棬оҶСźܶܣһҪȫھͷ


1140 Ķ
ɽɽУ֮μֳ߸ָŸԵΪ֮໥ԷԷڳŻָƺΪʱ͵Ϯ
ǼɵʥޣôԷʥȫֵĻ²ĸ嶼ԵֵǸİʥȫ
ʱ䣬ǾѾָĲˣһɫĿ¡
˷ħһһʣ˲ʮνʧ֮Ҳˡ
һ֮вûеõʯ˾޴ʧôȥǺܲģҲûȥ
ͻȻ䣬Ǻǹͬ뵽ʲôһ㣬ֶĿͶһֻʥޣǰһǾһֻ޵ڵһֻڵٴѹһЩ汦ȥܹҪȻֻܹȴͷˡ
ȥ⣬еİʥ໥һۣȻһֻʥȥ
ǽһֻʥ޺ʮֻʥΧסĿɱⲻΡ
ֵľٶֻʥޣһɺɫӶĸ֣һ񲨶ʲô
ӦףֻҪ㽫ڵǿһҪȻͱǲԡһʥǿ˵
⻰ֻкڵʲôЦǧΪ̺ڵУһڵԼԼڵܽ
ǲܵģǷҪһսҷ㣬ֻµʱЩ־Ҫˡʥɺɫ˫Ŀк
㲻ЩһûзʥƳһۣʮʥǿ˵˵ʵʮʵͲһĶ֣Ҫɱָѡ
ߵǿ߼ǽĿͶ˹İʥԸǣûǸٶŷ
߰ɣҪˣʵ㶼ܹȫնɱԶ˵
˵˵ͷͬһŶɱȥ
ʮʥȥֶûᣬ֪µĿģǾֻʥֵڵ
ֻʥ޳ĬƬ̺󣬴һ񲨶ʵǷŴõڵʯδؾͻˡ
ʲôʯδؾͻˣ
仰ʲô˼
⻰ĸִ󾪣һضֻʥޣһ㲻˵ȻǾҪ˵̬
γ֮ʱ㿪ʼʯˣԽʯγɶ֪˼ǧ꣬ôʱ䣬ʯ̺ޱȾˣʯķ˱ըĻʹҲ룬췢ıըҲΪ̫СЩɣ
ο˵ĵ˽ʯ׸Ҷ϶˵ǿŽʯǼٵģĽʯڡֻ޽ĿͶ˺ħˡ
ʱֶĿֻתƵ˺ħڶϡ
һʼʱǲûϸ룬ΪһжܺϾõ˽ʯ֪ԼòȥӸԼͬҲϸ룬ȴֲô£λ˿һ£ԼԲὫʯӸˣôӣ뵽ըʱȷʵͬʥ˵ʯʹڡ
뵽Ŀǳȵ̰֮ɫ
ǺħָûõʯʱѾˣڿħûУħʥ糬˵
϶ûˣ˭õ˽ʯɵվ϶Ѿľһʥ˵
ˣˣڵ¿ռȡʯĺħ־նɱʥĸ֡ͻȻ䣬һʥ۷ǿ˵
ûпʥʵ
ûУûпʥ۷ǿ߼ᶨ˵
ȥʯ˵һӦһ˰ɣʥǿ˫һ˵ȫƱŷһҪֵӡ
˵ǰ˵ħǿߵʵѾԶԶǣܹʥǿ࿹⣬Ǻħиûĸ֣οʹУûʲôϵҪʯҪ𾡹ȥҪֻˣնɱǣԣǺħ㣬Ӧ֪ħ󷨵֮Ҳúùʱһֻ޾ͻ֮˶٣ħʥǿ˵ҿһնɱһֻޣõڵ˵ܹõһһڽʯܲˣʱǿһѰħʥǿߣҲ뿴Ǹ֣ô
ħʥǿߵĻĸĸ֣ĬƬ̺󣬵˵ͷǾúħʥǿ˵ĺܶԣնɱֻ޵õڵҪģնɱԺ˵
ʱڻָΪ;ҶСͲ֪ʥ޺֮Ĵսˡ
׼ȥһ˻дֵǵȲдǺǣûг緹Էȥ


1141 ɱ
ɽһսݱֻʥ֪ս⣬ȹβͺ֮ޣݺݵĳķȵ籩ֱӽʮˡ
ռһʼֵıˣȻ·磬û취ֻʱ룬߽еʮֻʥȫնɱԴ˺һ¼ҹˡ
ֻʥ룬Ҳûȥ׷֪һʥǰǺ׷ϣ˭ӵб̬ٶȡ
ʥ޵󣬽㵽˽ħʱˣĴĸֽħڶΧסһ˫ĿоǺħֵ
ǲôǣǽȫնɱòʯǸûУҲ֪Ǻħһ־Ȼص֮ǷҪֵĻɣǽʮħĸĸʧһ뻹ܹġħʥǿһ¿ˮ̵ӡ
һΧĸֺ޵ֱҧǲܹðʥʧˣֻ÷
ʯʵĺħʥǿ˲֪գʯûеõһʧô֣бޱȣһѹֵķŭγɣ²졣
ڸ𣿡ʥʵ
Ļôʯ֪գʯǸϣǵʵѾʶˣΪǻܶȡöԷٴεһе˶Ҫˡľʥǿ˵Ȼ˵ģлһ˿ʣȻǿ־壬ĩ֮ѾĿǵУһǶǡ
ʵҲûа취ľҪŮˣֻҪնɱŮӣʯֵʥǿ˵
ôɱǻûеȵǸǰͱ˼ҷˡ
ʥֽĿͶѪӰǿߣҪѪӰĸˣֻҪǽУȻɱŮӲͳˣ
⻰ڶֵ˼ͻǶĿͶѪӰ֡
һ飬ͬҲһķ䣬Ǿǵõʯ幫ƽ䣬һһݡ
ʱ״̬ҶС˿֪Ȼģ׼ǽеڶγ֡
˵ʹǲҶС鷳ҶС绹׼ǵ鷳
磬ȺɽһĹڣҶСϪˮһ޴ʯΧеİ֮ľһһһָֻţѾ˺öˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫Ŀɫâըǰնڲ
Χע˶ĿͶ˹ɻ֮ɫ
ôˣҶС粻ԶĴƽʵ
ŵһˣǿҶС絭˵ź⡣
ʵڻָûУʵ
ûУѾûʲôӰˡҶС絭һЦȻ˫Ŀһӡ
һԵ˿ҶСʹ¶˸ӵĹâоҵģԼҲ˵ʲôо
ʱж¶һĨ⣬һ̣ʮӰʹһԵɽϷ¡
ѩһӣڣضˣ·ֻҪǸҳһĽޣǾͻֱӳ֣ǲ໹塣
ֵܡֵܣǲôţûж⣬ǲҪѣɢᱻЩơԶ˵
ҿ±նɱİɣЦһ˵
ĻǵɫܲÿȷʵģղŴɽȥʱǴп˲мͳɱ⣬ƾһʵǸ˼춼
һȺ޳֮ͽղŵһսУ˭ǳ֣ҶأøϽҪȻҲ˵˫Ŀųһ׼ֵӡ
ӣ֪ЩôԣҪʵԷֹٴΧǣҶСӶûлָʩչĹɣ׷ž˵
̽ģʱˮĴͻȻʵ˫Ŀųֱֱ˹ȥ
׷Ͻ˿˼ӲʯϣʯǶһ㣬
Զһ۳׷飬üͷֲǱˣȻܹóղų׷һ仰дд̽ҶС硢˻ָ⡣

ͻȻ䣬һȺɽ𶯣һҶС硣
ɢǲһڿռγȦȦһȫںɫеƾճ˾ҶС粻Զһƾճ߲Զ
ǸղУͼ˲ҶСһ˳
ػҶСߵĴػߵɫ䣬˾Ȼûо쵽˿Ǿ޴ķ̡
е˵ɫҲÿɫΪѿҪԶˣ¶һŭ⣬ȫɢɭ֮Ѿ¶ǲ˷ҶС̹


1142 ĳ׷
ҶС³һ֣ǴӾĵɭ֮
һֵ˵â֮׵ıնգռ΢΢
ۡһҶСǰֱӱն룬Ѫһأһ̺ܽߴӼһֱն⻹ÿ죬ҪȻҲᱻǷâ֮мն롣
ܱնȥ˰֣ǣȻûѹţһԡ
ȥǺ⣬ޱǿҵķŭ֮黨ƮɣһӴüĴ˽ȥϢʧĲˡ
ҶСվ˫ĿоһѰɨĿͶԶĿģ
֪¡Զƽ˵ŭ𣬱׼ߵ϶Ϊһû뵽Ȼıʣڿ϶ҶС϶ͬϲˣ˭Ը⿴ԼͬԼͱӡ
ǹɣʧҪȻҲ⽫ȫնɱҶС˵֮ûж֣ΪüΧʱ򣬶Ѿˡ
ҶС磬㲻Ҫ̫ˣȳÿ׷ָҶС˵һ֮ɫ
ҶСЦһһӵĿų׷飬ͲҪװˣһɽΧǵʱ򣬳Ų⣬ֻˣΪıûϳ㣬ղ˵͵ϮҲӦһЩǣɣҪϣٸҶ˵һ仰Ҳһʬ塣
仰˵ҶСӱˣɱ죬ڸƬء
㡭㡭׷ָҶСһŭ˵һ֣лһ˿־塣
͵˺ıģԶĿͶ˳׷飬ƽƽĿ¡
ô£ҶСѪˣ֮λ޴ǣҪȫնɱǡ׷ӲͷƤ˵Ͳϡ
⻰Զ˫ĿըĹâвӭԼͬవͱӵˣΪ㰵ֶôء
ԶãܺãǸҵš׷޺޵ĿһԶҶС磬߷ȥ˫Ŀк졣
׷Զ֮ԶĿҶСһۣ˵Ҳ߰ɣ
˵꣬һȥ˿˿ҶСˣҲһȥ
ȫ뿪󣬴ҶСʮƽʵŹ
ôأղʱԳһ¾йϵʹҷŹҲԸŹңֽҪвǵ˵ȻҪɱҡСҶСбŷɱ˵
ȥȥҶС˵һ䣬һʧˣʻһ磬ҶСȥķͻ׷ȥķ
гʮҶСʶչһӰûз֣ǹҳһ˿Цߣһնɱ֮ʱ
˵ţҶС緵ء
ˣҶСôͻˣʵ
ûУˣѾ쵽ҵɱҶС絭һЦһ죬һʱ䣬ҾӦܹȫָˡ
˵ű׼ԭؼͻȻɫһĿͶԶ
һ䣬ֻԶʳһСڵ㣬СڵԽԽɲǼ䣬һ޳ҶСǰһֻֻʥޡ
ȫˣҶСȻվٿ˿ʬ壬ֻͫһʵ
ȻˣѵʲôͼɣҶС˵һߵߵʬͻȻȼûһ˿ףתۼͳѻҽһ紵ɢˡ
ôأֻʥɢһľ񲨶Ҫ̡
Ŷʲô飿ҶСһʵ
һֶԸİʥ֣㿴ô
ԸǣҪնɱǺܼ򵥣ȫָҲȫɱӣӦñΧ˰ɣ
ҶСĻֻŷŭޣȷʵΧˣǾȻǵЩȫնɱˣҾԲܹǣֻҪܹ֣ʹֹǶаսȫնɱ
ҶС粢ûлش𣬶üͷ˼š
ǼҶСò⣬ֻʥٴδһ񲨶ǻ֪ɣѾˣ׼ȫϴ
ãҴӦ㣬ɲҪǡҶСһ֮ɫĿֻʥ˵
ôأѵĹϵ
ǰѵĹϵҶСӾʯһԾ£¶һ˿˷ܣ·ǿ˸ֱնɱ˷ܡ
Ȼ䣬ҶСбųһޱȵķâ֮ٶ֮죬Ҫ͹໥ˡ
ٶȶΣؼҶСһ˿ûУոջһ̸ֻЦתۼԡ
࡭㡭ֻ޲ҶС֣ȻŭϽ㡣
𡭡һŭҵҶСһâ֮նβѪֹÿ죬ҪҶСмֳˡ
ʱһҫ۵İ׹⻮գؼΪ֮һ
𡭡ֻ޸ǲҽһһɺӱˣֵѩҲֻôĽ


1143 նɱʥ
𡭡һֻŭһڶ󺣣ƯգѪӱҶСն˵βһ䡣
࣬ǾȻ͵Ϯңһżŭľ񲨶ɢڳкУΧе
ΪξͲܹ͵Ϯ㣿ɽΧҵѵҲú룬Լĵ˺һ㶼벻ҶС粻м˵Ǳ֮ɫ
ʥȷʵˣ͹ҶСնɱľģҪҶСһôᱻΧομ˶ҶС˵Χ¼һҶСôܹնɱأ
˼Ҷǿҵɱ⣬ɵ˵ҶСôõĻᣬҶСܹնɱޡ
𡭡Ҫɱǡֻ޷ŭĺһһצӶɫâϣ֮·һצ֮¾Ҫȫץϡá
ᡣһһеĳˣ·һ⣬лһΣ·ҪһƬռֳ롣
Ľһƿһֻ޵Ĺʱסˣֻһֻ޾Ȼˡ
ղֻʥרװҪҶСƴӣһ赲ҶСˣȻ׼ܡ
ֻϧҶС֪һֻ޹ƶˣƻޱȣһξͻܣҶСܹԸأ
ֻʥ޷һʱҶСѾʧԭء
ֻ޸ո벻Զһ޴ȭͷǰݺݵ˹ͺһɽײ
˶ٶȵӣǿһײֻʥϡ
䡣ͬһ޴һӱը˳ȥݺݵײһߵɽϡ
Ⱥɽ𶯣ɽ·Ǳһεһ㣬ɽһӺѷ죬һɽ壬϶ֱӱ
ʱҶСӰɽգǰ߳һֻɽĵط
㡭ǽƻޱȣû뵽ǾȻգʵûлָҪնɱңͲɹ
Ծ֪ˡҶС˵ֱһ٣һâ֮ŷնҪ͸ˡ
оâ֮һֻܹоɷâ֮˼в
ߣҪ㿴ʲôʥֵʵʥɢһ񲨶ĥһľ޴צӻӶצӹ·ƬضһҶС缷ѹ
Īѹγɣ־޴ѹͬҪҶС缷ѹƬʥǿߵƣּ䣬֮Χһռ䶼֮С
ֹֻ𣿡ҶСЦһȻâ֮ȫų˺һؼ䡣
¡¡â죬һӾͳƬռĽʥһצӵĹ˲˺ܶࡣ
նҶСһ֣ƥâ֮Ӷ֮ռ䶼ڱã·Ǻһ㡣
ꡭһǿķâ֮һƿն޵צϡ
ֻ·һָףһӾͱҶСնˣצѪ
𡭡ʥʹĺһŤͷɵУ׼кҶСս
ܹշʼҶСӲˣϧʥһҶСǿ£ܹ֧ҶСݵͣ
ҶСǰһһվУз·һε̨һ㡣
ɱҶСһȭɫâӿֳַâ֮۵ʵʳ
һʽȭȭƵ·նһͨûβֻͣʣצӣֻܹצӹ
ʥצӻӶץһռ䣬ҶСӶ
䡭춯ȵƵʱҶСӳзâ֮۳ʵԳ
˼µķâ֮նգƿһնһֻ޵צϡ
һֻĥһСצӺǶһ㣬һӾͱҶСնˣѪ
𡭡ҵ޺ƬлصǱҶС͵ϮնȥβȻֱѩϹ˫ۣһαҶСնȥһֻצӣսֱ½
˴ΣмȳޱߵķŭֳޱߵĿ־塣
ȥҲϲڿսͻȻ䣬һ𣬽űǾ޴ѹҶС硣
һϷգ·һռ䣬һƬռ䶼ˡ
䡣ҶС˫ǺݺݵĲһֻ޵ıϣ޴ѹŷ
ءԵѹ£޴ӿкݺݵıֱϪˮߵʯϡ
ʯϳһѨ
ӲҶС˵һ䣬·â֮ӿݺһ壬һӴʥ޵壬ƾջгһ˿˿ѷ졣
ۡ޵ԴһӱҶСˣѪͣӿȪһ㣬Ϣ
ˡҶС糤һնɱʥֻˣǸղŵ͵ϮҪնɱֻޣûаʱ޷쵽ġ
ҶСһʱȻ䣬һɫâֻڱһƬռ䣬࣬һģҼˡ
һǿҵĺ⡣


1144 ò
һĻ΢΢һ֪ʲôһ¡
ಡͻȻ䣬һӰҶСĿڴгССΪһ׹⣬˲׷ǵɫĹâ
׹ҫۣתۼ͸ɫâ֮ϣɫâʧӰһСҶСļϣıһ׹壬ͬһС
ѽѽС˷ܵĽиͣ˵ǺöֺҶС
ҶС罫Уתһ£˿׹ڰɫ壬תһӰζһӰӾֻ޵Ӱӡ
ڵҶСɻ˵
ڵֻ֪Ҫ㽫Լ;ȫڵУлḴ˵
ҶС˹ʵľ
ľͿĨɱƽ˵
ҶС˫ĿɫâųڵǣڵİɫâȦȦֹҶС羫Ľ롣
ѽѽСӶצӵĴС
ҶСһȣû뵽Сôİ׹⾹Ȼֹܹľ
Сһ׹ȥҶС翴żϵС˵
СССצһᣬ׹ʧڵɫâʢڵҶ·ҪҶСгȥ
ѾУ㻹ܣҶСЦһĽɫڵץס˫Ŀɫâų˽롣
һӰڵг˳Ӱֻ޵Ӱ
࣬ҾĲ㡣ӰһǿҺ
ûлˡҶС絭˵һ䣬˫ĿâųֱӽǵӰ
СϵſһһӰʧˡ
һӰʧڵֱӾֹˣһɫâת̺ͣӴ
ҶС¶һĨϲɫɢɫâڵУһɹɫڣɲǼͱǿˡ
һСʱʱ䣬ҶС˫Ŀ;ȫָˣеڵҲСһ룬СվļĶҶСеڵ
СӣҶСЦЦƤë˵ܸ㣬Ժҵ˺öһ㡣
ҶСڵɹΪȻת˾ЩޱȵľҶСļӹͥеͨ
ж̺һ˵־Ҫݸһ˱ǹ־ȥҪȻ˼άҵľ棬ҶСľŸָĸУֱȥ̻߻ħǷ
ĸоѾָĲˣҶСͣʱеڵѾƻСˡ
ҶСֹͣСĿҶС硣
ˣʣµĲˣ͸ɣҶСЦЦ˵
Сһ¾ͽС˺ܶڵ˻УҶСһ㡣
С磬ʲôҰޣϿɰСɻʵ
⼸죬СһֱҶСĿڴУǿŽʯûгҲ֪ҶС绹ôһСǶĽĿͶ˹
һСֻСЩر𣬺ǺǡҶСЦЦ˵
Сʱ˵һ䡣
СҶС΢΢һ㶣ȻСĶϸĿ˿һС
˵꣬½СС
ѽѽСצԼĶ䣬һҶСӡ
ܹСһ䡣
ûмʲôԺҳˣҳĺġҶСǺһЦ˵
˰ҶСһۡ
ҶС˵ȴָ̻ʱСԾǿڵϴֺǲѽѽĽ
Լһʱ䣬˫ĿڵƻоѾȫָˣȣ񱶼ӣΪҲ˲١
лл㡣̸мĿҶС˵һǸмҶСǸмԼھݽߵʱΪ˾
лֻҪ㲻ҾˡҶС΢΢һЦ˵˵ǿ̼һ£Ѿ֪ΪɵŮӶɴ
ɴű࣬ҲΪ˱֤ĹȻΪظУһԭǲ˿Ǿգǵͬѩ̣һ˿覴ãͲ˼е˶
ǵձ¶ºܶ˻ռ֮ģ
غɽɵĵӶǰչ¶ǵòƽЩŮӳȥʱ򶼻ֶδԼòǿǵģͲģ
ΪδɴֶδԼòɵĹأδŶɴ
˿ǵգֻ·ѡһɱǸˣڶδŵݡ
ˣҶС翴òʱŻҶСô䵭¶ӵĿ⡣
Ů˵ڴɴӼǵòͻȻ䱻ӿˣǸоܵᱡһ㣬һܸ߳Уǵ˼뱣ء


1145 
ҲģǼ˵̫Ҫˡʼ¶м֮ɫ
ҶС绹С̵ҪԣɹˣһϣõֻѾʧʷĺУӵѾԺŵ˵ΪԸ⸶κδۡ
Ҳû뵽ҶС羹ӵһޱĴг˸мǸм
ǺǣĲ̫⣬һѣοֲҵĵˣҵĵˣʲôҶԲģ⻹ϣ㲻ҪⲿڸˡҶС˵
ҾԲΪĵˣҲᴫڸ˵ģʲôҪҶİ㡣̼ᶨĿҶС˵
ҶС˵ͷЦЦҪôòҶ˼㴫ˡ
㻹һĨ
ҲĿҶС磬ޱȣغɽǰһɣȻѾֳɣǣ֮໥ϤȻ֪Ҫԡ
ţҶУڵΪ޷գΪ˵ҶС˵
ҶСĻ˶𾪵ĿҶС硣
ӽ֮̾衢ħս֮䡢ЩǴ˵еĶÿһĪ֮ܣ˵ÿһ֮ͷѪĶ
ӲǰУ̸ܹ֪ûеֻ꣬ǵһСζѣοûȫӳҪȻ綼Ҫˡ
ϲõһ˵¶һ˿Ľ֮ɫ
ǶҪĽһЩҲҪ͸ǣʱܹվѾܹ˵һˡҶС翴˵
󣬼۾Ϊ֮һڴѣͬʱҲɻҶСôôϾѧ
Ҵ㡶ɻ¡źĹһܹ໥˵꣬ҶСһһָͥλá
һҶСջֱۣȻĿͶˣַΪ˶һѧÿһǶõĶ
л˵Ǹм֮ɫҶСţ󣬲ʲô£Ƕİ
ҼЩһŽãԺ϶Ǵ洦
Ѿﵢ˺ܶ죬Ͻ·ɣڻʲôҶС翴żЦЦ˵
˵˵ͷȻһ·һ·ʶչֻҪĲҩʲôʯӲȥ
ʱһȥһ·ŶУջķᣬѰ˺ܶĲҩһЩѾʧֵĲҩ
ҶСһѰҲҩʱһҶС˵Ĵ¼С
УƽСҶСķڣһɫŮڿУŮ·˼˶ʻ޷ҷݺݺࡣ
˵ЩŮ˴һ˵Ļ⣬ǴʱȴЩأеŮӾͽĿͶһߵɳϵŮӣǵĿе㣬е
ŮӸ߹šׯᣬһ߸ϵĹϴŵЦݣЦȴЩΡ
ĽѩŮǺҶСйϵŮӣǹϵǳŮӡ
Ľѩ˼˺ܾõһξۻᣬҶС磬Ҳ뿴ҶСŮӹϵʼնҪģȥѧǰ뽫½һ£ȻҲûָһӾͽԲĽǵĿܹ˵
ʱһûǶĵĵȴţĽѩһܣһŮӰȥ
ͯׯ鶯ˣľܿ㣬Ȼŷǧǻ۳Ⱥ˼磻ᰣҰʮ㣻Өɽ㡢ˮ峺ᣬ硢ʫ尲续\ľӣӣġˣȥЩ֪ҶС緢ϵ⣬áֻۻۡ顢μѼѡֿɶɬŮ
ЩŮһǧġ̬ǧӵŶصʣͬʢŵĻǰභޡ
ЩŮӣĽѩпɬԼϲˣĴܲһȻôŮӹϵǳ
ˡͻȻ䣬һķԵø
ѩ㣬ȥšھ뷿λõֿɶӵ˵һȻվ˹ȥš
һɫ䡢ɫ۾Ůӳ⣬ŮӾǺ
ڶŮ֮ʱ㶣ԼĪ֪һЩ
죬ӵĽѩĵ绰˵һƽСһ£û˵ҲͬˣΪʲô飬û뵽ȷôһ£ʵ̫ˣʱоԼЩ΢΢ĽţǰǧӻǰĹڶûôš
㡣ֿɶһ˼
㣬ɣĽѩվ˹Ц˵һơ
˵ͷһ΢Ц˵ôŮŮۻˡ
˵ţ˽ȥ
뻺һգȴ䳡ˣڵŮûһ˵
εЦһ£Ȼ˸λ


1146 Ů
˽ĽѩһȻ˷ţߵԼղŵλ
ĽѩһŮ˵λãӦö뵽ôҶۼһԭˣǶǺСϵˣĽѩøλǰһô¡
ʼնҪģǳС粻һ£˭ܹСһˡ
ĽѩĻ£Ů˼Уܸӡ
µģֲ³ܵģԸλû˵ʲô˵ʲôʲô˼ɡ˳ĬĽѩ˵
ĬãΪŮǻŮŷǧĽѩʵѩ֪̬ʲôλö֪ϾСŮѡ
Ľѩ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ŷǧὫѯĽѩϾǮ˼ҵĴС㣬˲ͻָƽŮ˵СŮѣԺС統Ȼֻܹһ𣬲Ҳ뿴ͱŮӹϵԸ񣬶ȻǵģԼϵС磬ʲôֻҪֵ̫ҶӦǡ
Ǵ߿ʼ˵ǵĽѩ˵󣬳һҲǹŮ۵ġ
ĽѩĻÿ˵ﶼƽ뿪ҶС磬ȻܣΪҶСѾһˡ
ͯһ̾ɷҵľѾˣе˼ŮϣֻǵСҾһصк֪ҵܳΪСӣֻΪŮˡ
ͯѾ¶̬ȣȥʲôֻҪҶС粻뿪
ĽѩһִˣеӦһ뵽ԼɷҪͱбмֲ죬ͺһƻܹԼһƷҪ˷
ľܿ㣬һЦȻ£ûһ˶ܹΪģСıҵҵѾˣ֪ҲһӵΪ䲻ϣҲٲֿ
ŷǧž⣬˿ˣһͷۣǻ飬Ҳ֪ôȥʱܹ֪ҶС˼Ҳֻˣ¿»Ҫһ¡
ҺСܸӣһʹȻǷ˹ϵ໥֪˶Էļ䣬ڣҲ˵ɣӴ˺оѾҲݲ±ˣ֪СϲĽѩҲͶСΨһӵͷ˵ֻҪܹĵıá
˶٣ŷǧĿͶĽѩңǶһ֪ܳΪСΨһӣԸԸŮˣûһŮԸŮ˹ͬһˣҲԸ⣬ǲ뿴СģֻĬĬվֻҪֱãΪǶͬΪŮӦĸܡ
ֻҪСϿ˵Ůˣֻһ뿪С綼ģĽѩ֪˼ΪС翼ǹ뿪С磬ǻĺܿˣԸ뿪ٴǣǣСĻ֣ѾˣﶼǣǣǷ˵ĻС磬ϣĽѩ㻹ǲҪٱСˡ
ŷǧĻĽѩоһشһ˿˿ɬһ˿˿ںޣֻԼûΪСҲûҶСŮӵĸܣЩŮӣһ㣬ǶԸС米ŮˣǸλȴҪҶСŮӸߣǵҶСģһ㡣
֪ˣĽѩȻһ˿ĵ˵ѵǿҶСŮӹϵ岻ﲻʹࣿ
ʹ൱ȻеģЩǶܹףΪС粻κһ˿ӵеģǶܹܱ˴˼Ĵڡŷǧ˵ţصĿһĽѩ
Ѿ˵ĺˣĽѩ⣬Ůûκġ
⻰Ľѩɫǿɬһ˿԰ס
ĽѩСϲ㣬Դ֪ǵĴںСսһֱģܺһʱ˵ЦĨĺǳȫϲС磬Ϊ룬㻹ֵĻֻСĽ㵭
Ľѩһ¶һ˿ңҪҶС罫ͲУûҶС硣
Ľѩŷǧһ»ܹԲġ
˿Ľѩٴ˵ʵ˵ʵɣСûһ˶һЩӦö֪עҪ¡ӲˣܹӵҵĸҾ뱻£Ǿɣĵ˺ܶ࣬Χȴ̫ˣŬֻǾͲҪģú󣬽дѷ¶һǰΪδеĶУЩܹŶ⣬ԣĽѩҪپˣʼնҶСŮˣΨһӣֻҪĬĬվС
ŷǧĿͶĽѩŮҲĿͶĽѩ


1147 ׷ɱ
ŷǧһĽѩĪĴ̼ʱŮҲͬҶС磬ұҪöࡣ
ӵĿһڶŮӣĽѩ¶һĨɬЦݣԵر˽СҲ֪Ȼﻹе㿹ܣһŽܵģλãϣҪС˵£Ҳ˵ҳźһС磬ҪȻǸĴܲ϶ôߣŮӣţǵö䴦һʱ䣬˭ôġ
˵Ľѩ¶֮ɫ
ĽѩĻŮһ϶¶˿ĵЦݣȻĽѩûиȷĴ𸴣Ѿʼˣһȫܣٿܵġ
ǲҪֹŮӣҪֹŮȥȻϣò˵ǸһʱȷʵƲƲ˵
⻰ŮЦЦ
˵һ£ҴС罱һЩҩҺ͸һ£ŬҪΪ׸ĽѩŮ˵
Ů˵ͷ
𣿡ʱŷǧͻȻ˵
㶣Ȼᶨ˵Ҿˣǡ
˵һ仰ʱ򣬺оԼе㷢̡
СΪԥûи㴫ڹ֪һЩڴһ£⣬ҲСôڹԺʲôѡ˵ԺﵽС硣ŷǧ˵˵꣬ĿͶĽѩЦЦĽѩҪķͷ
ôأǧ㡣ĽѩЦЦ
ʱڣѰһбҶСͲ֪£Ҳ֪ĵѾõ˽
ʮʱ䲻ԶˣǸϽ߰ɣѰҵͨһɽϢҶС翴˵
˵˵ͷͬҶСǴӷ컭һе֪ͨڶ򣬶ǴʥֵĿе֪ġ
ǽʱӦûһ˶򣬵е⣬Ƕĸط˵ƶϣ붼ǽʯġ
ҶСٶȺܿ죬·һ쫷紵ãǽһƬ֣ЩһֱҶƬΣһʮµĸо
бһСʱʱ䣬ͻȻ䣬˶ͣɻĿķΪǸоһǿھ֮ϵط˶
໥һۣ
ƲӦͷųƣ붼ָ˹׼ɱǣǻǲġҶСЦһ˵
ɱ˾ǡе˵
ҶСһ˶õҶС紫ڵľ似Ǿ飬ǵʵ˲٣ںҪһս֤ǵΪ
ϵƶΧһʱ׼ֵӡ
ҶСʶչԲʮ๫ķΧʶΧڣǹƽӽͻأ䣬ӰʶķΧ
ˣȫѪٵһǱ֮࣬ûãʥɱ˹·׷ĸ֡
ǰֵܣϽܣǿɱ˹ûнӽѵƺƵ
һ£һºøУҵˣǸͲᣬǻˣͲͬˡͬΪ໥֮æӦõģοԷĵҶСһˡ
תۼ䣬ȫѪǱѵĻ˵ײײı˹
ϽܣҪ׷ˣǸͲǵĶ֡һ˿ҶС˻վţ˵תۼ䣬ǾͱеҶСǰ
ӷλʩģѲǣλϢʣ˵ľͽˡԲһ˵Ĵȱ֮˵
ллǻһܰɣǶнһʥֻ֣ôһˣͲǵĶ֣߰ɣҪȻˡһ˽ŵ˵
ţҩˮȵϢһ£ǲܵġдһӣƿҩˮ˹ȥ
ȵץסɻĿ˿ҶСˣȻм˵лл
˵꣬ǽҩˮһվҶСһԡ
һսһٺúˡһһᶨ˵Ҳһ׼սӡ
ӣм˵˵ͷͬ
һУֻҶСüͷž⣬ͻȻ䣬ҶСջĿ⣬ǹҳһ˿Ц
У罥Ҷҡҷһɱ֮ǵض漴еһźƬƮ
ಡһվǰղʲôƣһȺĸ֡
ˣȻܹǣϴûע⵽һκλˣǶҪһʥУһʥ˵ɱȻ
ȿûǸʵϵͬɽȡΡ룬һ޷֮ƥеĸокɱȻ


1148 ©ٳļƻ
еĻʥǿЦһ׹ɨҶСһһۣ˵ɱ
һķʮʵǿҶСһ˳Щʥ֣˶ǰʥ۷Ĵڡ
ʱȫѪĻҲһɱ
˾ȵǳȥķͲߣ̣˳ɺΧ֮ƣ̸ûĻᡣ
һԤıܾõĹֹҶСһ˵ĿתƹȥȻͻϮ˭Ӧ
İʥк¶һ˿˷֮ɫֻҪһ˿˿Ҳֻһ˿˿ʤնɱ̾ͺ⡣
ۿ̾ͺ棬ͻأ䣬˼µķâ֮ɫǰ
˿ѰҶСɢâ֮ײ
ۡĸ˲ͱҶС籬İâ֮ն롣
ޱ𾪣ޱȵʥǿ߲ûһ˿ѪʱҲӦ˹뿪һط
ɣҪװˣѪӰĸ֡ҶС綢նʬ˵
Ȼƻǧ׼ļƻȻƻˡһѪӰƮˣǱҶСķâ֮ն˹ȥĽ
ѪӰƮʬʱһٰ׹ǣʱոճĸʥֶͣ˽ŲĿһУ˫Ŀ
ȻҶС˫Ŀɱʢ³¼¾ΪѪӰĸġ
ּƻҲǧ׼ģûдԣ֮һ۶ˡҶС糰Цһ˵
㿴ˣܣƻ׼˺ܾõģ㲻ܿʬƮȥһʥʥǲ֮ɫҶСĸҲһоȻ֮ǧ׼ļƻȻһӾͱ˿ˣʵ̫Ƕˡ
Ϊƻ޷죬ôģʥɫĿҶСʵ
޷죿ֱĸ֣ǵļƻ©ٳȣôʥ־ȻܹܣҲ֪ʵǿǵʵ̫ˣһɵ㣬УɱʱǸ׷ʵ̫ˣôģΪλҪйУ˵˽һ£˽˻һǵĹ𣿵ȻᣬǱĿģ⣬ǽѪͿϣȻڸǲǹɱ֮οϵѪʵ̫ˣ˲ɶУҪһ㣬ѪӰ岻֪ʲôȻ˵ǡñˣˣһ۵ʱҾˡҶСܲм˵
ҶСĻֱܴҶСôһҲƻ©ٳʵ̫ˣҶСһ仰ѪӰ徹ȻɸֶǸռ䣬ǿѪӰֵ񶼱˱䡣
ܺãҲòĹ۲ǵļƻʧܵĲԩѪӰʥ˵
ԩǾȥɣҶС˵˫Ŀâ֮ųһ㽫ѪӰֵӰ͸ͬʱɫĻڶ˲ͽʥǿ߰С
ҽϴӻд
˺ܶӰӻ˳ѸٵŸǱ߷ɱŶȥ
ᡭһһâҫأѪӰʥֵӰ˲䶼ˣһƬһƬһֲա
Сŵʳζ̽ԴЩһƬƬѪɫӰһӾͽСڣСԴһַҶСĿڴ
ѪӰʥתۼͱնɱˣֵɫÿֱڴǵƻƻָƻ©նɱִмƻĸ֣˵衣
һȫͷųǵƣһɹǿƳھ֮ϺƵĪѹ
һֱ񲻶ҡҷҶ裬һƬɱ֮
̣١ҶСһ˫һĹ켣·عҶľֹգһʿװʱпܳ
ȥҶС˫ĿըɫâЩҶ·һŸִȥ˵˻Ϸ˸о󵨺
ڸָո׼ʱһƬռеһͼǸȴͣ˵ͲǷ羰ͼɱ¾֮
ӣӣϿӣԺлֻ֣ûǣһĩյĳߵһֵ紵Ļٴθǵͷ
ߣǸϽߣҪȻһҪһľʥֵľ񶼱ˣһԶ롣


1149 뿪
־״ȾģҲһһ˵Ŀ־ܣӦڶʥֶӴЩҶƼһ˳ȥĪ
һҽ𣬲ҽ·Ǵ̼˸֣ƴܣٲܾҪûˡ
Щ־ᶨظֿһĻУɫѿޱȣдһĨڶֶѾˣҲѰ·ѣҶСڶһۣĬĬȥ
뿪̵ȻֹȻĲͨͨѣЩѾˣһǾͺ£ϾĪĿ־塣
ҪҪ׷ȥ촽ΰɽӰ͸ѪȺɱ⡣
ҶСž⣬룬ҡҡͷ˵ˣǵʼնӲˣɱȥ»ǵķˣ˵ʯͷԼĽţ¼һжӰҪͻƵʥ֪ö೤ʱ䡣
˶˵ͷ¶һĨʧҲ֪ҶС˵ʵͬǰʥ֣һȻȽռˡ
ҶСҲʹʹɱȥϸ˼һǴǸ⣬һǰȥܹնɱһЩĸ֣òǺܴ󣬺οһǰȥ˶ͻһǶ׸ĸо
ҶСһȻŶжȥ
С磬ӵпʯǶ֪ˣµǻȥЩ˿϶Ὣ˵ȥʯ޷ģȻһʥֲᵱĿʯѱǲᰵﶯ֣µʱҪһΣǰеĹУͻȻ˵
ȷʵˣһֿܣĵһᶯ֣ǵȴĸֶ֣һִĿʯǿԴӹᣬӣû˵ʲôԵ̿˵
룬ҶСʵ˵ʲô죿
ҡϺ̲Լͬ˵
˶ŮͶĿ⣬Ϻ໥һۣ¶һĨʡ
ôҽʯأҶС翴ЦЦ˵
ĻǺ㣬ǹҵˣأǻᱻ֯ڵ˼Ǻޣ¾ضᱻ˵ϡ˵
ԭֺܵҶСװһ˵̾˵
ǣΪġ̸Ͻ͵һԵˣ¶˸ӵĹâ
ֻ֪ǿЦҶСЦЦ˵
̰ҶСһۡ
ϣ֯˻ƴߣҶСʵ
ȻУ֯жٸ˭ҲһȥͽʯȥӼȿתһĿ⣬ֿù֯Ƿ㣬ˣ㽻ǵʱƺú󣬸һЩǾԻӦģϾҵĿʯ˵
лҶСм˵
˵ллҡҡͷ˵
ȥʱһҪע⣬ŲΪżҵһϣܲնɱģҲĪĹϵżҲ׷Ź㣬οһս˵̫ˣ˵ĸҲὫŭתƵϡ̿ҶС磬Ŀ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ţһעģһʥǿҪɱҲô׵ġҶС˵ͷ˵
̵ĵ⣬ףЩУֻ¼ҹһûʲôʵЩ˶붼նɱйߣοʶ˺ܶļɵǶ뿴Լɳ
ȥ϶СģϵһξΣյʱֻ̣Ҫ˺һ֣ص½ϾͲ˶֣Ҫ֣ܹһֺĸ֣ҪȻ϶ң֯ȻС
ԼĪʮӵʱ˳֣߳ʱǰһΰʡ͵ʯͷɽ塣
Щɽƣι״˲ò̾ȻĹ񹤡
ǱߣͨˡҶС罫ĿԶ˵
ո֣߳ҶСǾͿԶһ͵ɽվһȺˡΪ̫Զˣǵӣ붼֪ӦԶһˡ
ţӦþˡ˵
ͺûȥˣﻹе㲻ᡣҶС̾һ˵Ŀ俴˿
һ·ϣŮ˵ҲͰˣԵʹȻĻ˺ܶ࣬еһ֡
쵽ҶСĿ⣬ŤͷһҶС磬ƺ˵ʲôջû˵ڡ
ӣҶС¶ȳȥú̸̸ڴҶСͷ۲ѣ֪ôȥֻܹһһ
ûö೤ʱ䣬ҶСһڵһ͵ɽ塣
һɽȷʵԶһˣֻЩûм׷飬֪뿪ˣû
ҶСһˣ˫Ŀж¶֮ɫ֪ʲôС
ȥĿռͨҶС罫ĿͶԶ
ռͨȶÿֻСʱʱͱպˣھһοӣʱպáԶ˵
ҶС˵ͷȻĵĵȴš
ܿӵʱ͹ȥˣɽ嶥Ͽʮ׵ľ봦ռ΢΢˺ܶ࣬ǶܹоһϤϢеĵط
ಡԶһȷ˽ȥȻҶСһˡ


1150 һ
ҶС紩ǲ㱡Ŀռ֮ʱоʶգۼ䣬ǰȻһһ޼ʵĺͳǰ
ǹϤϢУ룬Ѿˡ
ֻǰһʥվգһƽһռϱĵطԷֹ޴ڴܳ
һ̣еʥֶĿͶϣֻǿҶСһۣȻջĿ⡣
ҶСƾ̤һһ˹֯Ϊʥǰ
ڶʥĿһǶҶСһסˣȻܹн˼򵥰
ǰڵõ˿ʯ֪Լƴ֮뽻ңʱָһЩ߾ˡҶС˵ţȻ󽫿ʯƤȡ˳ݸΪʥǿߡ
Ϊʥǿ¶һĨЦ⣬һӾͽʯˣ¶͵ЦݣѵΪôף㲻˵ƺúҶһЩһδͣʲôʱһ˸
ллǰҶС繧˵建䣬վһ
ʱҶСһͽʯ˳ȥЩʥǳ˳飬һۣʱʱƳҶСһۣž⡣
һڣȻ󽫿ʯõ֣Ƿһ֣û뵽СֱӸ֯ˣҪҪˡ
ովںϣҶС͸ܵһŨɱĿ⣬Ťͷȥֻ׷һֻĿɱ·ǳԶҶСһ㡣
ϲŻʱһ
ѵ棿ҶСǳƵ˵Ů˷·רŸһ㣬ԭĵףﶼ䳰ȷ
ûôǰ׷Ѿˣ˵һ£˵ɱķɱ˺֣ܶһҪ˶㲻࿴ҶС˵ĿдһĨ֮ɫ
ΪҵģҶСдЦʵ
˭Ϊ㵣ˣĽѩ֪ġŭĵҶСһۡ
ҶСЦЦ˵ģҲµġ
ʱ򣬼ռҲû߳֯Ϊʥǿ˵ûĶѾˣ֮кܲΪ˼֣ǶӦʶԼ͸֮Ĳ࣬ضǵмúһϣϣǲҪʧǿԸԻȥˡ
ǣǰһֶ˵
һȥʱ򣬾һӾͻ˹˼ɶҳ֣СģǻҪػռϣܹ㡣֯ΪʥΪҶС紫
ллǰһעġҶСͬ
ҶСһ׼뿪֮ʱһ쳹ա
ǲ뿪ǵһΪǵֻһ˻
˵һ\ľʥ֣ϵϢΪʥ죬һɫѿޱȡ
һǵȥ֣ȴֻһһ˻ع飬ŭѡ
ҲһΪŷֻʣ֡һ弫Ϊǿ׳ĺʥʵ
һĻҶС˼֣Щ˶ҪԸ
⻰֯Ϊʥǿ˫Ŀһɨܹմ̴ʵҪʲôģǻҲʧ˲ˣ˭Ҫ𣿡
֮⣬֪磬һ壬ȻҪ໥ǻĸȴɱҵĸ֣ôͣǰһǻĸ֣ѾУǻĵҶСնɱЩҵĸֻ֣Ҫǽ¾ǳƽˣҪȻǼǻĿסŷߺʥǿ˵
ŷʥǿߵĻҶСһ͹Щԩ޳ôԸԼΨһĿֻһ
ǻҵĳЭ飬ҵֶԸ㣬Щʵ̫޳ˡɫĸҶС紫
ţȷʵֻӣҲŻֶԸҡҶСŹâ
֯Ϊʥǿ˫ĿâųɨգǼ˭֪ƾһ˵˵½ۣοԩ˭֪ǲڹݺҶС磬ˣ﴿ݵĻǾͶҪˡ
֯ΪֵʥǿߵĻɭȻɱ⡣
⻰ʥɫ˱䡣
ҿ֤Щ˲ҶСɱģɱģ׷˵ȫǻѻ̵һվ˳˵
Ҳ֤˵
Ҳ֤˵

ҶСһ˶ΪҶС֤ˣ׷ɫѿޱȣʥֵɫҲÿ


1151 
ǵ˼˵ЩһֵҶСûһϵˣŷʥ֣˫Ŀź˵
ʱҶСվ˳˿µĿʥ˵ȷʵеϵڸˣǻ֪˽ʯʯʱ˺ܶˣЩЩҵһ֣඼һ룬ⶼ̰ģȻĳ˵ԭ򡣡
ʯʯ֣еʥֶǵȻ֪ʯζʲô
˭õ˽ʯ֯Ϊʥǿ߿ҶСʵʥǿҲĿͶҶС硣
ѵ׷ûиǣҶСĿһ˵
⻰ڶʥǿ߶Ƴһ۳׷飬¶˿˿â׷һжҶСĺΪǿҵġ
һħֵõ˽ʯʩչħԱˣҲ˽ʯʼոоʯûб١ҶСüͷ˵֪ʯƭһ֣ȴƭһЩʥ֡
ȷûбǽʯˣһˣ˵һ顣֯ʥǿ߿ҶС˵
ҶС罫ľȫ˵һ飬Ȼû˵Ϊħֵ顣
ЩʥֶĬ˼¡
ʯһǺħˣҪ׼Էֹ֡֯ʥǿ˵
ʥһ֮ɫܹ֪ԡ
ǰǲӵнʯͿͨ絽壿ҶСʵ
ţ˽ʯȻͨһķС
ǼƻԸҶСģû뵽ȴʯһ£ֱӴˡ
ҶС磬ղ˵Щһֵйأŷλʥǿ߶ҶС˵
֪Ҳ֪˵ֻӦã¼ҵĳ׷ͺҵ˹ϵǳ˵׼ЩһĸֶȡʯȻǾˡҶС絭˵
ҶС磬㲻Ҫ˵ôйϵһҪȻ뿪׷һĿҶС˵
ƾ㣿㻹СҶСҡҡͷм˵ǵҲ֪ûйϵȴģ˵ûйϵָʹ͵Ϯ˵Һ̣ǣΪ̫˱նɱˡ
˵ţҶС罫ĿͶ˵ʥǿߣ¿ɲܹңҪɱңҵȻܹԴУҪ־͹ֳ׷ɣ֪ǹһֵûйϵȥȡһ³׷ļ䣬ҺûʲôϵλǰǿɲҪƭˡ
ҶСһ仰˼ѾȷˣǲҪͻЩףҪȻԿֻǡ
ҶСĻڶɫѿޱȣǶ˼ҶСĻһų׷飬Ǻ⡣
ҶС硭㡭㡭׷ĺ⣬ָҶС˵˻
Ѳڵ¿ռʱֵĺͳ׷йϵɣҶС
ղǺһ£תҵעû뵽¾Ȼпġ
ĳ¼ңǼˡŷʥ˵
ǶΪΪʯ֮ҶСնɱǹһĸ֣û뵽Ū˰죬ǾȻƭˡ
һĸֶǵϣھȻôܹ
ŷʥֵĻ¼֮ˣһɫѿ
ҶС磬ҵȲ˵Ҿһ䣬żҵŲǲɱģżһʥֽضҶС˵һɾ޴ƽҶС֣ҶСоԼˣʥֵΪʥ졣
ǰֲܣΧĿռʲôӣôشأҶС粻˵
ߣϽ˵żһȻȫƣȥ˶ҶСĽ
ҶС̾һһӿżʥ֣Ҳ׷ƭˣҾ벻õʥôᱻһʥƭŲɱģʱܶ˶ˣˣԶԱߣǿһȻҴŲûɱǱĸΧģ˵ŲҲг׷йء
ҶСĻżʥǿ߽ĿͶԶѯ֮⡣
Զ˫Ŀбų⿴׷飬еҶСĻŲп׷йϵ
ȥĿ⿴ҶСһۣȻ˵ȻСҶСйأɱģ±ȽϹ죬ҶСõʯСڸǰ׼ϸնɱҶСȡʯСԸ񣬾ܺҶСìܣȴԲʱΪǸʱ򣬿ĸΧǿߣڱС塣
˵ţԶ˫ĿɱȻ


1152 Ϯ
Զûô£㲻ҪѪˡ׸Ͻ˵֪һҪƲϵҪȻ¼ҺżҵĹϵƱػܵӰ졣
ѪˣҲ˼˵ΧҶСʱ򣬲ֱ˭ɱףǣ㶯ûУûж֣һֱСҶȷûйϵԶб⡣
ȻҶС磬ϾҶСԼС壬Ȼӵ˸ֵĹȦУǣֱ޳ܵСˡ
ҡҡ׷ɫһ䣬Ͱ˵˻ȷģûǸ
ѵ׷йϵ׷ӣҶС
Сû뵽ô󵨣ôգҶСйâ
Ϊ׷һֱˣԶϹһ㣬ȻնɱԼǸƾԼյֶΡ
ɱ˲żλʥ֣ŷĹâ׷顣
֪ڲ֣ܶһ۸һ¼ʥֱȻ赲ģһֻǿԵġ
ǳ¼һһġ¼ҵʥ˵
ģһԽݶС֣һǽȥɣżҵʥ˵˵꣬ĿͶҶС磬ûɱҲйϵҲ֣żһͲһˣߡ
ҶСû˵ʱҶС͸һˣתڶʥֵĿ⣬ڶּɵޱȣ˭֪ٱȥֻʲôˡ
߰ɣŬԺҪˡ֯Ϊİʥ˵
һڶֵ˵ͷȥ
ҶС硢̵һȥȴûжһֱվһʥߡ
㲻һȥУҶСܴڱҺпܴڵжԵĹϵǣ˵ҲԼŮˡ
ȥˣȥʱԻ㡣¶һĨᣬһ˿ӡ
ҶС˵ͷȻȥ
ãã󺣣̲գԣҶСһ̤˶У˵
Χ֮ʱֵŮӰɣǰеĹУ࿴ҶСʵ
šҶС˵ͷ֪鲻Ȼ˵һᷢʲô
ҾΪҵͬ˵ҲҿҾҪȻһеʱҾͻʥСҶС΢΢һ̾˵ŸӵĹâ
ϵܺõ飬òҪ֪ˣҪȻһ̹ñӾͲˡ˵
ţллѣһעġҶС˵ͷȻĿͶоһĿ⿴
ǲϲˣҶСͻȻ
΢΢һȻݺݵĵҶС磬˭ϲ㣬ˣ˵㽫ߵŮȫʱһĿǿǡ
ˣҲΪһһƬɭ֡ҶСҡҡͷٺһЦ˵
㡭յĵһҶС磬Ȼ󲻿˵ǲǴѰģ
ᣬǿƲֵģ㿪ЦЦһЦҶСһίӡ
˶Ǵģߵ˶оˣ˫Ŀɻ֮ɫ
ҪҶС˵ʲôʱͻȻ䣬һɿֲϢţһֻ޴ˣҶСץ
˲䷢ģ˸ûзӦǷӦʱҶСѾֻ޴ץסˡ
ֻ޴̺ǿ֣֮ͬҪҶСϡá
ҶСȫһƬ׹⣬ͬǽʵޱȵķֻ֣֣ͲܹҶСһࡣ
ʱСҶСĿڴðԴѽѽŭĽš
ףʲôһصؼ䡣
㶯֣ҪȻǾҪϹˡһ˵
ʲôˣſС硣һһƬָ䣬Ƭ̺ޱȵΧĿռ䶼ھĶ̺ﵽ˼µı֡
ſС硣ҲŭĺеǶԼΪǿĹֻ޴ƣҪҶСȳ
ǼССİʥѣȻҲҶҳ֣һг˲м
Ȼ䣬۳һ޴ƣһֻ޴գĪѹ
һֻһɨһˣ·һ㣬ֱӱɨ˳ȥһӾȻɨ⣬ɴ˿ɼԷʵﵽʲô硣
ߣҪǼɵǼϼһ뽫ȫնɱǵ¶һ˿ϧһ˿ɵ
Сһݰˣ㲻ôǵͬʱԷ۳ľɿΪ˱â¶һƬصƣҶСݺݵնȥ
ģˣȫϽȥơ


1153 
ʥǿ߶ҶСֵʱػӵĿռϴĹ֯Ϊʥǿ߸ܵ˸ֵϢ
áɫһ䣬һȻʧˡ
֯ΪʥǿߵľٶһЩʥǿҲ׷׷ȥ뿴ôһ¡
䡣صİеʥ۳һݺݵնҶСϵİɫϣΧĿռвĿռѷ졣
һҪն룬ǰɫĹȴǸڹǣնơ
ҶСҲùǿĳ͸ɫ֣ϣһѪ˳ݺݵҷ˳֣һӾˣ漴ǰɫ΢΢ȻʧˣҶСڴеСήңССɰ۾ǽ
ˣһΪĻжʵһ
ҿô㣬ߡٴһֲĳһҶСȥһҶСϣ֮Ҳᱻ
һҪ䵽ҶСʱȻ䣬һռѷҶСǰԶеʥֵĹһӾͱ˿ռѷС
˭˭ˣдŭлһĨɵ
һʥĸ־ȻһС֣гϢһöصƬأǳ֮ɫ
һУһִֻ͸ռգֻƾһץһɫ۵Ӿͱһץ˳һ֮ɫ
ȻΥ˹涨ǾȥɣǵöŮصؼ䣬ޱȡ
ֻ΢΢һ̧Ữ·ǲعʥؾǿ߶ʱ͵εѪҺɢ˺С
ʱ֯ΪʥǿǡøһĻʱ֣Էֻһֻ֣˲ɱһʥصĸ֣ΪѾܴ˵ġ
㣬һʥ۷ǿߣֹݣҲöٴͬɱֻ֮Ҫھǿ
顣ͻȻ䣬һҪ赲סֻɱеһˡ
Ҳ֪£һɣöŮлһӺһͷ˲Ƭء
ӾɱʥֵǿߣΪﵽʥ۷壬һͷֹֻ˼ɱ¾ʥ֣ΪѾʥء
ʱղػǴĿռϴĺܶʥֶˣվںϣǿ־壬ӻǸͷΪǸе˵ֵΪжôǿ
ʱֻ΢΢һԲڵˣ۳һֻ޴ƣһֻŮ˵ƣ覣˶ʧ
ǰ顭һ·Ǵǹ
ҪҪȻҲʧ硣ƺƵס
ߡһƺȻˡ
ʱֻ޴ƺӥץСһͽʥץУһ󣬶ʱˣѪˮĩɢ¡
ʱֻ޴۳ƽɢƬء
˸ˣϹŶ޳ܵС֣ҲϴڵȻСǾˡһƴڸޣÿһ඼ˡ
ͨһãȻ֪ʲô£г˿־廹ǿ־塣
һµʱֻӶҶСʧˡ
ҶСֵֻʧռ·ŻָЩʥǿ϶ʱһᣬղֵֻ£ǾȻʧȥյ
ڳʥǿ㿴ңҿ㣬Ǹ֪ܲǾҶС米ˣǿ̫ǿˡ
ղűɱǸˣһʥʵ
еŷˡ
³û֪
Ϲ㻹ͦ˵ģҺ㵱ʱûжҶС֣ҪȻΪĶϡ
ⲻˣ涨ĺôұû׼ҶС֣ܲкܴһԭԶ⺢ҪһĿ꣬ҶС绹ԸɣżҵʥϴЦ˵
Ȼ˵ģȻеңʱԼ֣뵽϶ֹҲûг֣ڿԼ̫ˡ
żʥֵĻΧʥһӣȥģ㻹涨˭֪νĹ涨Ǳϵģظֵľ棬ضˡ
һʥ۷塢һʥ۷壬תۼˣʧˣٺ٣֪Ǹġһʥ˵
֪ʹǲ³ˣǶϡ
˵ղŮǰΪʲô磿ʵ
ѾǸ˰ɣҪȻλǰҲҶ緢档һʥ˵Ľ
߰ɣǻȥػһռϰɣһ˵˲䣬Щʥ־ʧˣһƬֻһˡ


1154 ټŮ
û뵽С米Ȼôһֲ֣ôĺöĽ̸̾һ˵
һҲﵽǸ硣һʼᶨ˵
ʱǻĻеԸǵˣһֶóֶԸҶС磬֪ôһֲĸվҶСǸͲʲô
ããൺܲһȽϻߵĵУһռ΢΢ҶСƾճϡ
ҶСĳ֣һٻӰҲˣһӰЩãһ֪۶ɵġ
㡣һӰҶС¶һĨϲŮɽһؾʱŮӡ
ллҡҶСм˵
лδϣҲϣزۣҲΪнʯԭҪȻҸͲ֪㱻ʥ͵ϮŮ˵
ʯ֪нʯҶСɻ˵
ҸܵϢŮӿҶС˵
ҶС΢΢˵ͷȻСͽʯһȡ˳Сƺе㾫
СŮ΢΢һ۹⿴ҶС磬㻹ˣȻܹõҲҿҪȻ㣬ˡ
ʶСҶСʵ
Ůӵ˵ͷ˵ʶڻ֪ʱֻҪƴˡ
šҶССƤë㣬רΪʯģ
ǣʯáŮ˵
㣬ɲһʱ䡣ҶС翴Ů˵еɻ󣬽͵ֵЩ˵Ϊ̫ˣǽڶУٶ̫ˡ
ʮʱӦ㹻˰ɣֻҪǽˣͽˡŮ˵
лл㡣
лʹýʯʹ÷ֻҪעȥ֪ˣˣǱҲܹ뿪ʮһ㡣Ů˵Ȼ׼뿪
㡭ҶСһ
㻹ʲô飿Ůʵ
㣬ܸܲңԭ˵ǲйأҶСʵ
ԭ̸֣ͲҪˣΪ㹻֮ʱһģȻΪĺܿ죬ʱ仹еȣһҪϧһзΪŮӿҶС˵
ǣ㡣ҶСӦȴ¶һĨʧ
ˡŮ˵һһ۶ɵӰɢ˿ռС
Ҳ֪ʲôΪҶС漴һŴ½ɱȥ
ûüӵʱصУʱѧѧаʱ䣬촦Ҳ㹻ˡ
С硣ҶСո߽ƽСһһҶС統ȻϤֿɶ
ʢģŮӴĶȽֿɶŰɫĶ䣬ǳɫĶ̿㣬¶ѩźһĸ첲ֱԲȡ
ɶֳƯˡҶСЦЦ˵
ֿɶСҶС磬ҶСĸ첲һǵӣǸոշСظʱʱһ䣬ҶСͷ
ɶãɲҪʲô뷨ҶСϽѵһûкŮ˷ϵе̫ʢˣֻѹš
ɶˡҶСֿɶԴ˵
С磬Ҫ˼ҵԴɶѾСˡֿɶ˵
Ǻǣɶȷʵ˲١ҶСϵ´һֿɶЦЦ˵
ֿɶСϷһĨߺ죬嶼ҪҶСϡ
һ䣬˾Ѿ˶㣬ֿɶΪҶС˷ţ߽ȥ󣬿ɾ࣬ҶС˵һֱɨģ
ţʱѩҲɨֿɶ˵ʱʱҶС磬¶˽֮ɫ
ҪѧˣСȥȪԺͽˣ㻹ܴͬѧ档ҶС翴˿˵е̾¥̨ѾסˣҪ뿪ое㲻ᡣ
С磬Ժ󻹻ֿɶεĿ⿴ҶС硣
ģʲô͸С绰ҶСЦЦ˵
֪ˣС磬ϻֿɶʵ
ôˣǲʲô飿ҶСʵ
ţһ顣˵ֿɶ
ʲô飿ҶСɻʵͬʱҲžʲôֿܹɶСͨޱȡ
Сϻ˵ֿɶСͨˡ
ҶС˵ͷûǿ󣬡СҪȥһˣȥʦǱȡ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ˣͽˡ
˵ҶС˳ȥ
ҶС뿪ıӰֿɶ¶һĨɬһĨ΢΢ʧС磬ҵϻ
뿪ƽСҶС˷ĴӪڣһ·ߵ¥ϣЩСܣĽŷ٣Щͨ˾ʵﵽ˺졣
ҶСֱ˿ĻڣºǼ˶٣ҶСһСȥ֪ͨˣбҪһۡ


1155 ׼
ȴ˰Сʱʱ䣬Ҫȫˣƹܹ˾ӥţʮʹ߹վҶС󣬾ͺҶСıһ㡣
ٺá˹ĿҶСһǵС
ôмҪҶСĿһɨˣ˶٣˵Ӧ֪ҵĿģͨУѾǿˣԶԶҪһܹԶҵˣڵΪµԺڻҶûʸ񡣡
ҸһطǵΪܹٵͻƣȻҲΣգΣգǿѡһ£ȥľȥȥҲǿ˵꣬ҶСĬȴǵĴ𸴡
٣һзİšһ̬
Ƕӷٵİšͬ˵Ƕһᶨ֮ɫ
ҶС翴˿ˣȻĿͶӥϣüʲô⣿
٣ҡӥſڣЩ֮ɫĿҶС硣
֪־ڴˣҲǿ㣬ֻ㻹Ҫעһ壬㲻ԣ㿴嶼ʲôӣұܻܲʮ궼⣬㲻ȥˣϵʱ˯ûУҶС綢ӥ˵
ǣ١ӥмĿҶС˵
ʱ䣬еһжЩû츳㹻ҳϵ˴һˣ⣬ҲЩѵĺԱȫźãҲȥǸطѵĺԱж٣ҶСʵ
Ѿ˶ˣȿʼѵʮΪߣǵΪձ鶼ﵽ˺ءºƹĶҶС͵
˺ܶ࣬ǲȡ˴ʱΪȫﵽءҶС翴˵
ҶСĻ֮ɫ
ǣ٣һŬġͬ˵
ڻʲôûУеĻ˵ҶС˵
٣ҲȥǸطʵ
ǾͲˣڴҪõĶࡣҶС˰˵
ûʲôҶС뿪ˣʣµˣѾƿʱȽϳڵˣ˽İ׾ͳɳٶֻ̫ˡЩеĸٶǧˣˡ
ӷĴӪ뿪ҶС羶ֱŶﱼжȥСϣֱӴӴ룬Ƕ᲻٣̨ɹ·Ͼܹ뿪ûжá
ҶСɳϵȴһʵǺģߵ鷿Դ˿½ԼQQ
СͻȻĿڴдܳŵԣһӣҶСһЦ
QQյϣʾ˺ܶϢЩϢһ붼ɲ̻ѷϢ

㿼˶ٷ֣׼ĸѧУ
ҿٰʮ֣Ȫн
ϲʱôߣ

һϢҶСЦЦȻ˼֣ǻԵҲȪн
ҶС֣ҳ
ԼһСʱҶС˽Ųʶһɨ֪ǶˣһЩˡ
ֻߵſڣͻȻ侯һСӣԿףŤȻ˷š
ľٶҶС¶һĨ΢Ц֪һǶΪ˭Լ
ҶСһźһ䣬˽鷿еĵԴ򿪣һֻɰСſڵǰƤצӲʱһȡ
ôɰСȻ˹ȥ
ʱҶСӶ󣬱סһһ£ƽĵʵʲôʱģ
֪ң׼һʧˡҶСǳƵ˵
һϵζԶ䡣˵
ͲŴˣҶСЦʵ
ᣬϵζԶš˵ȷſң㻹ûгԷɣȥ
ţҪ뿪ҶСĻ
һˡҶС˵ȻҧĶ
һ֮Ӷдֻ΢̼һ£ͶˣҶСִӶ洩ȥӿķϡ
С磬ҪȥҡŤ壬ֻѩźһĸ첲رҶСĲӣĹ
ҶС罫ᱧУȻһ˴ϣ˫һȻ׾ٵľȥ˶Ķ䣬¶˺ɫ˿£ǡڵסǶԻԲְ֮ڰڵһĻǴ̼ҶСзһ˿ͺȻ˶ĺ촽
úдϢ˺ܾòŽ
һ֮ӵһ˵ЩĵĻ󣬶ˣ³ҶС绹ڴû
һսıýģղŵһϣ϶˺ܶ࣬Ϊһ˿


1156 ҧ
С磬ϽˣѾˡ˲ڴϵζԼҶС磬ͻȻ䱻Ϥˡ
һһŲҶС˫ֻۣµĶ˽΢ĳֱڰϣ簼͹£ֳдСŮ˵ҶСһֱȥ
ʲôأϽ὿ĿһҶС硣
ڿŮҶСЦЦ˵ǰϵѧ֪Ķʦӣ֪ǻô롣
⻹㺦ġҶСһۣϽ𴲣ȥ˷ˡ
˵ű˳ȥ˵һĨӰҶС¶һĨܰЦݡ
𴲺ϴһ£Ѿ˶ϣ˳һСǰĸҶСݹһ˫ӡ
˶Ʒһ£ҶСĵĿ佱óԣʦҪһȥȪаɣרŸ
㵱ıķҶСһۡ
ˣʦȥȪк׼ȥỹɣҪҪȥͨѧ飬ҵʦҶСĿŶ˵
ٿ룬˵¶һĨǳ
㲻飬ǾȥȪһҹ˾ҶԸܣӣǾͲԶҶС˵
׼ҽͯĹ˾ᶢҶСʵ
ҶСһô֪ģ
ߣҲ֪֪ͯкܶŮˣ𱬵ŮӶˣ򵥰û뵽㾹ȻСŮŹݺݵĵҶСһۡ
ôʲô֪òǧ˵İɣᰡǧˡŶĻҶСԽԽľˣû뵽Ȼ֪ôࡣ
֪ȫ֪㲻֪Ҳ֪Ҿǲ㡣ǹҳһ˿Ц⣬ҶС硣
ҶСüģһͷۣ벻׶ô֪Щģζû뵽ԼߵŮһδۻᣬϵ׶˳
Ҫ˸ϽԷɣһֻ֪ģҪٲԣͱֻ͵ˡ˵
ҶС翴ȥֻ֪ʲôʱСȻ˷͵͵Ľһ˶ŲӱԵȫԹˣ˫ɰ۾Ŀˡ
׼ٳˣЩ˶ҵģһȥҸóԵġҶСһС
ʦĲһȥȪ𣿡
ȥʱȻȥһʱ䣬УԺҪٽҶʦˣֱӽҵ־ˡ˵
Ѿϰˡ
ϰ˻Ǿһ߽Ŷʦһߺϴ̼۹⿴ҶС硣
߶аɣҶСЦЦ˵
Ӷ߳ѾˣֱԷ԰ɱȥ
ˡշɽһʹ\ľӣӵ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ҶСѾע⵽ˣڱǰĲݵϴ
ΪһЩҶСЦЦ˵
лл˿佱\ľӣ¶һĨ΢΢ɬҲ֪뵽ʲô顣
ѩأҶСʵ
Ľѩո꣬ӾǱߣ˹ȥܹ\ľӣЦһ˵
ţȹȥˣúҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ˹ȥ
ҶСıӰ\ľӣ¶һĨʧĵѵҾôûһֺ
ҶСߵӾԱʱĽѩɵӾҶСӾԱߣ¶˾ϲ֮ɫ֪뵽ʲô⣬ݺݵĵҶСһۣӾ
ҶСһƣҲ֪ԼôĽѩ
֪ΪĽѩЩŮӵЭĽѩжһ˿Թ
ѩһˣϽһöǶһ޶ġҶСĽѩ˵
ߣʲôöĽѩҶСһۣȻӾ
췴ҶСװʵ
һų˭Ҿ췴ôˣĽѩίĵҶС˵
ʰ㡣ҶС˵һ䣬һץһɾ޴ĽѩʹӾԶɳҶС־ͽĽѩ˻У̵ͦһơ
㻹췴
Ҿ췴
ž
췴
å֪۸ҡĽѩſھҶСļҧһڡ
⻹ʯͷģôôӲĽѩĵҶС˵ĽëϹžӨˮ飬֪ίˮӾеˮ
ˣôˣˣҶСʵ
ﶼˣߣҧһĽѩ˵
ĻҶСһЦãôطҧ
𣿡ĽѩҶСʵȻĿƣͣ˫ȼλá
ҶСʱоһ쬵ģǿһЦﻹˣҪȻԺûҸˡ
ҧźãʡ£ߡ
ѩ˭ѧЩҪŮåˡ
ŮåأĽѩҶСһۣȻ֣أ
ʲôҶСɻʵ
ղ˵ҪҵѵƭҵģĽѩɫÿ


1157 Ƶֿɶ
ĽѩɫҶСղΪܹĽѩһЩ׼ɰС׳ȥֻǺĽѩһ͸ˡ
ȻˣôƭأҶСЦЦȻСӿڴ˳ոڶС˺ܶʳȴһ㶼û֣治֪Сôܹݵôʳ
ҶС罫СӿڴóʱĽѩ۾࣬ŮӶͿɰСﶼûеֿ
ûеҶСͽС˻ǰ覵˲䡣
С磬лл㣬Сɰˣʲô֣Ľѩһ߸ëƤһʵѾȫ˸ղԼίҶС֡
û֣ͨСҲԽС򡣡ҶСЦ˵
ʲôСˡĽѩҶСһ˵
Ҿͦģ㿴ԲԲĶһС򡣡ҶСҸоãһ㶼СӶצӵĿ顣
СҾĻǽױȽϺ㿴ë׵ģֺ䡣Ľѩ˵
˵ôôҽ͸ˡҶСһЦȻĿͶСԺ͸Ů˰ɣܶóԵġ
С۾ȴûбʾͬ⻹ûͬ⡣
СĽѩԿ˺ܶ࣬ҲҶС˺ܶ࣬ҶСһƣеڽСóˡ
ϣսԺͽ˲ŻҶСʱսԻô飬ȴ΢΢е䵭ԼŮԺҶСܿࡣ
ҶСססĽѩķУĽѩǲõģҶС޳֮£ͬ
ڶ죬ҶСĽѩ\ľӣӡľ۹ȥ˻ᣬʱѾҪˣԹһͻȻ䣬뵽ֿɶ˵ʲôҪ˵Ľѩ˸ɸɾ
ĽѩһкҶСƽСȥûãҶС¥̨
ʱĵţ붼ֿ֪ɶ档
ûйأҶСһƣžͿˣֻֿɶһСͷɳӣµҶС֡
ҶСƿʱֿɶŤͷҶСһ˲䣬ж˹ʣС¶˼ϲá
С硣ֿɶһŽѾӾ˹˵ҶС绳С
ҶС
С磬ˣһΪ㲻ˡֿɶ˵
㶼ΪҲˣ㻹ңҶСЦʵ
ˣСšֿɶ˵·ǺǵҶС粻һ㡣
ɵѾͷҶСϰԵֿɶԴ¶һĨӵЦݣʵڲ֪ôѾͷĹϵ
һֱֿɶãֿɶȻǣֿܾɶеĲ̣˺ѾͷܵĻиоԼе²֣Ʋѡ
ֻҪСҵȶöԡֿɶ˵
ȻƽҶСȻܹоѾͷ顣
ɵˣҪðϧԼҶС˵ˣɶ㲻˵𣿵ʲô£
ҶСʻֿɶС¶һĨΣҧҧ촽ߺü͵˵С磬𣿡
ԡҶС붼ûʹӦˣɻĿֿɶȷʵ£
šֿɶ˵ͷ
ҶСһЦã˵Ҫ飿Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
С磬ܲȺȺȾƣֿɶ뿪ҶСĻεĿ
СӺʲôƣ岻ãǺϰɣ
ҶС仰ֿɶĹĵĿҶС磬˼ѾСˣôԺȡ
ðɣǲܶȡҶС
šֿɶ˷ܵĵ˵ͷȻܵıһϴϴװʮƿơơ
ֿɶҪ£˺ЩƶҶС˵ˮûʲôֱٺֿ߲ɶͲͬˣֻƿСϾ͸˳죬еƮ
ҶСֿ֪ɶˣٺȾͶˣϽֹɶˣʱѾˣϢɣСȥϢ
˵һ䣬ҶС׼ֿɶȻط䣬ֿɶȴˣҶСС磬Ҫ㱧ȥ䡣
ããұ㣬ѾͷҶСҡҡͷȻֿɶĽѩǸҡ
úϢԺ׼ٺôƣҪȻСҪˡҶС˵
֪СǲġֿɶƤĿҶС磬ֻѩźһĸ첲ҶСĲϣһ㶼ſ
ſС磬úϢҶС˵
ֿɶûзţƵĸˣҾͲţСҡ
㣿ҶС粻ȷʵ
šֿɶߴĿһҶС磬Ȼ˫Ŀ
⡭ɶѾСˣӦ֪Ůб𡣡ҶСΪѵ˵
С綼ˣѵͲܹңֿɶ˵
ðɣ㡣ҶСޱƵ˵Ȼ˴ϣֿɶѩźһ˫۲סĲӣ˶


1158 ŵ
˰ɣѾͷúϢҶСֿɶɰС˵
С磬ɶϲ㣬һֱϲ㣬СŮˡֿɶ¶һĨ⣬۾ȴǼᶨ֮ɫ
⻰ҶС綼Ϊ֮һ𣬿Цһ£ĵѾͷˣֻʱ治þֻܾί˵ɶڻСȳ˺ȫˣ㻹˵ֵĻʱС㡣
ɶѾˣСˡֿɶˣͦǳ߹ģĻԲҶСĥš
ǵŮ㣬ʴڴ̼ҶСĵ׵
ɶСĻ㳤˵ȶ࣬˵úϢҶСһǿѹе˵
ǹȶģҵͷԺѣ֪Լڸʲôֿɶ˫룬Ҳ֪ǾԺǶʧ
ȵģҶС羪ȵʵ
ţ˶˵ȶ˾ƣӾͻԡС磬ʹӦҡֿɶ˵ȻҶСĻһĥһ
һӵ飬Ҫ½ۣҪȻҪھͳˡҶСȰ˵
ҲڵģѾ϶С磬С磬Ůˡֿɶдһ˿˿ҶС磬ȻԼС㴽ȥǺ裬΢΢
ҶСֿ֪ɶܲף˵ֿɶ仹̫СˣӶԺ巢á
Ͻת뵽ֿɶڣڵľƾҶСû׼ƾʱΪֿɶȶˣһ˯ˣû뵽СѾͷȻô󵨡
ûм䣬ҶСͽֿɶڵľƾȫˣֿɶȻ
ʱҶСޱȣѾͷѾе𣬿ƫƫܳԵ
ˣֻҪԵˣĻǿԵģοѾԼӰˣҶСЩֿɶиܵġ
뵽ҶСĴ£ֿɶţ˺ܾã˵촽ŷֿ
ֿɶ˫Ŀ룬ˮһĴ죬ҶСֹͣˣ¶һĨʧȻ˵С磬ǲǺѩ֪˻ҸܣѩѾͬӡ
ʲôѩͬôҶСһ룺ͲܡĽѩԸ˽⣬Ͳͬ£ֿɶֲ˵ѵӣ⵽ôһ¡
С磬ͲҪˣѩ˼ֿɶ˵¶һ˿˿Ůģ֮
ɶԣҪĻС㵽˶ʮʱ˵ҪȻôСһСͣһӣʱ򣬳̰̻ôҶСŻֿɶֿɶɫеΪѣٴ˵ϲС磬С֪ģҲһҪ鰡ҪɶС磬Спɶˡ
ӿ𣿡ֿɶգ۾ʵ
ȻԣʲôԵġ
˼˵Ҫסһ˵ģҪҪֿɶ˵꣬ȻԴ
˺˵ҪС磬㵽˶ʮʱ㻹ĻСһܾ㡣ҶСֿɶǸոƨһ£ͺŲĺӡ
ģС磬㲻ƭҵİɣϲϲɶֿɶгһĨʵ
ϲȻϲˣС˵Բƭ㡣ҶС붼ûͻش
ҶСĻֿɶһСϹһĨҸЦݣΪҶСŮˣֺܺ£ԽžƾŹҲΪܹҶСϲ
ѺҶСĳŵֿɶصһǰδеɣתסҶСţҶС绳У۾Ҹ˯
ڰοֿɶҶС糤һˣȴˣոòйʵ̫ˡ
תתԼעһ⣬ĽѩôͻȻתԣͬѾͷжô֪ôģⶼޱȺ档
ֿɶϢһҹֿɶ˯úҶСȴڶϣֿɶһȥԹȻֿɶͻС뿪ˡ
ʱúܿ죬תۼ䣬Ѿʱˡ
ҶСڼŮߣͯǷᰡŷǧܵҶСԽ޶ˣŷǧҶС֪ʼĩ֪ʱŮۣһۻᡣ
֪ĽʱҶСãȴжĽѩΡ
鼸Ůʱ򣬸סĵط˾ۼ󷨣һؼͻ£ٶȡ
ȻֻᰡֿɶͶ᲼˾󷨣ŮӶҪȥȪУֿɶ󷨲סķУμѼѵҲ
ʱĽѩѾ뿪ȥ˾ǿҪѧˣҶС籾һȥĽѩܾˣֻҶС罫͵˻ĽѩҲúõ徲徲˼˼飬ٴλعʱ򣬾ܹȫҶСôжŮӵʵˡ
ҶСѾС͸ĽѩˣСĽѩƭƭȺܻˣһӣĽѩϷɻǰݺݵĲһţһƭӡ


1159 ͷ˽
죬Уĵ¿ռڣվһߣЩ߾Ϊߣǣ־ȴޱȼǿֱľ׮
ºƵվǰ棬նһţʮʹվһ࣬һ󣬾޴ҵŴ˿һзװҶС˽ʢʱ֣ȴųܹ졣
Ҳûа취飬㶵еССװˣоܲȻֻܹһдڴĳ
ٺáҶС˽һĽ¶ݡ
ҶС˵ͷߵǰʮʹվ
Ҳ֪εĿģܹŻһΪȻΣأǲɱģҲǺڲڣȥΪܹţƴɣҶСĿɨ˵֮ɫ
ǲڣڷ١Щͬ졣
Щһ־ӣҶС⣬ѵĲ
ãϣǲʧҶС˵Ȼó˽ʯ˫Ŀɫâų̽˽ʯڡ
ɲǼ䣬ҶС͸оԼ磬еķΧĸ֪Уһһľһһʯûʲôܹӳĸ֪·ͷһͻΪ֮ı䣬ָоΪƿΨһ顣
ӽʯõ֣⻹ǵһʹãû뵽ʯȻʵڿֲԽʯ
룬̽Ÿı䶫ʯɽͷʯɽȻָֻⶼƿ֮УҶС˷ܼˣӸãܹ˹ʵء
֪ˣƬɭУʱɭеҰ޷ݶ಻ʤʵӺһֱʥУƬɭж֪жֻҰ޺ͷݡ
һͷЩҰ޺ͷݰʵߵͶɭУԽɭЩҰ޺ͷݵʵԽߣڵɭһһγɿֲӡӾͷֹʵҰ޺ͷݴʵ͵Ұ޷ڡ
һкҶС罫ƬɭֵľŲݻһۼ󷨣һٶȾͻӡ
أҶС繲ȥӵʱ䣬ӣˣֱվûһ˸ұֳһ˿Ĳ
ҶСͷһǰĿռ΢΢ŤǲǱߵһ󣬿ռѿ¶һƬ֮أɭֱԵλá
ƾʯҶС繹ͨһкĿһɨ˵ȥԺĵط
ǣ١˹˵ȻԳºΪףһ̤ڡ
Ҳֵ֪˵ڼˣǸߵͨǰ棬ҶС缷üŪһȻ˽ȥ
װͨѵѾΪһߣȻΪߡ
װӣҶСûЦװһ㣬ȥСģų
˶˽ȥʱҶСرͨûн룬ΪԽʯƿزϤ֪Լ߽ȥͨ᲻رգر˺ԼܷٴιͨҶС粢ұ֤
ҶС綯þڣ񣬷ǰһƬɭ־ĵطкܶ͵ҰޣԵҰʵԽЩҰ޵ʵԽߣǽȥһսһҪҪȻһὫӽؾҰ޵ҪΪߺսӣܹ⣬ǾԶҪ
һŬģٷġͬ˵ȻƬɭ֡
ˣҶСջ˾ȻĿͶʮʹߣȶУලŷȫѡӼѵ
ǣ١ǹ˵
Ǻ쳾֮ڴһһ߲ʵĺܿ죬ʮ˼ʮûмΪ˺ܶ࣬ò˶೤ʱܹȫﵽ۷ˣ񹦵İǺͰʥǿߵʵ¶¡
ҶС뿪¿ռ󣬾ӨȥѾӨ̸ۺˣӨһȥȪС
ϾӨ뿪ֻӨһˣµ
ŷǧһʱԻȥȪУŷһɱ˰
ŮӵãŷҲûʲôӦǽŷǧ֣е־ȫȥˣһŷǧһ
ҶСӨʱӨڴ۳ڵ飬ǰˣﲻһֳ
С磬ˣæ̫ˡҶС˹Ө˵
õģӨ㡣ҶСӦһȻͰæ飬ܶѧݵĿҶС磬ҵҶСǶ֪ҶСʡ״Ԫ


1160 ٴȪ
Өд۳鼮Ѿĵˣڵ鼮һ۶գ˺ܶࡣ
ܶѧӨ뿪ΪΪͣ鼮ļ۸˵Ҳܱˣͺܶѧĵûвɢϯ÷ʱҪġ
һʰúҶСһɫƤӨ߳꣬ţһƽСʻȥ
ϣҶСķӨҶС绹ֿɶʫͯС¡
ʫȪѧ뽻ԶͯҶС뿪ˣҲ׼ȥȪУвҵȪУʵѾǸ㣬ΪҶСһֱͣ
ʱһ׼һ
֣ܰżŮæµǡôҶС̾һ˵
ߵŮ˻һ඼ûȫĻл֡ͯдŲЦ˵
ȫĻ¾ҪˡҶС翪Ц˵
ΪһһԷҶСͼŮԵĺܿģһʱ䶼Ѿˡ
˯ʱҶС籾׼ͬߣŮһżֻܹ˯ɳˣСС°ռˡ
ڶ죬ҶСһн¥¥ͣһһľɫŮڳϣһ˿ŮӵȻǷˡ
ᰣˡᰣͯϴ΢ЦĴк
Ҳ׷׺ͷᰴк
ǼŮӷ·һϤӣҶСⲻѣ֪ʲôʱЩŮ˾ͻȻϤ˺ܶࡣ
һ·̡᰿˵ʵĿҪǷҶСϡ
˰ɣ̫鷳ˣĹͦæġҶС˵
⻰ЩˣרΪ˸ҶСİ٣ŷǧû飬һﾹȻ飬ʵǿɶˡ
ָҶСʲôˣ㲻ˣûʱΪС
ž㵱˭ҶСݺڷ̵ͦƨһơ
㡭ᰵҶС磬¶һ˿΢졣
ҶСֱӽᰱ˻еͷǽۺ촽֮ϣһӾʧˣȫƬ˲ŷֿ
ҪˣϽȥưһ𰸼ƺǧһȪоˡҶСĿŷ˵
Ĳ㣿ٴʵ
ãֲҲˡҶСҡҡͷЦ˵
ãҾͲˣ𰸼ҾģղռıˣҪȥ˵ţ᰾ҶС磬ݺݵҧһҶСͷȻȥ
ҶСһƵӣ˶ЦЦ
ɶȥɣˣ¥ϵķͽˡҶС˵ȻһˣͯѽĺɫСγ
ͬСһˣǡܹϳһȪнȥ
С磬ҿӦѧѧҪȻܲһֱ㿪ͯӳڵķ⾵пҶС˵
ѧˣҶͲȤˣҿԸ㰴ĦĦҶС˵
ҿ㰴ĦǼ٣ռұ˲ġͯĵҶСһ˵
ѾռˡСգ۾˵¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ҫ˵ҪȻ費㻨Ǯˡͯӳڵķ⾵ؿС˵
СµƤһС࣬Ҳ˵㻨ǮвС
˸·Сһ˯ˣڳ˯ˣС˯ԺеСຣһ㣬Ͻ˳ܵ˺ʫУһίӡ
ҶСӿڴóһɿǹιССſ˺ܶࡣ
ԴϣС¿С󣬾СָƣһСɫƤëдͿСС¶˿־֮ģʫǡ뷴СǳϲҲϲںʫС
ûйþͽȪУֱͯȪϲʻȥ
ѧһƬɽˮıȺΪ۪ˮǣˮ֮һ㶼Ϊһӻ֧СϪƬȺоÿһű£µأȻƣˮԵĺõط
ʮӵʱͯʻ۪ˮǶűſڣſߴűشţ˶ҶСֵµˡ
ҶС׼ԼԹⶰģʵûʱ䣬ǽ½ͯ˵ⶰͯġ
ⶰܹ󣬼ֵǧ򣬲˼ҶϰڵˣͲںһǮ
ҶСȻ֪Լ˺жǮӦòô࣬ΪƼ׬ȡǮ˾ˣټϷ˵ĻѣʣµǮˣԼǮͳ⵰˵ͯҲԼŮˣĶҶСģοڽǮҶС缸ûʲô׷
׷Ķ֮


1161 ʫ
Ա͸ͯϽŴ򿪣ֱͯӿ˽ȥȥʱ򣬿ļΪΪӨҶСͺʫ˿еľ¡
ʶһɨеһжԺУʱǴڱߣһ·רΪʻĵ·һˮϵʽȣһѳɻΣŵµĳͤһ
˳һֱߣֱܹӵһԻɵ¥¥ɫɫΧĳˮӳһ𣬿ۼͬƶ˵Ĺڡ
ôƯɣҶС翴ߵĺʫʵ
ʫǾϲĹâţƯҺϲ
ϲͺãԺǾסҶС罫ʫӵڻ˵
Ҳ룬ѧУǱߣʫĵĿҶС˵
ģѧУǱӦòܣѧסǳǿһᣬססҶС˵
󣬺ʫ˵ͷͬҶС⣬ʵѵҲ׼ӣ
Ǻǣסޣ̬ҪŶٵ֪ǸһԱοдλðײáҶСЦЦ˵
ʫҶСһۣû˵ʲôʤ·˵ҶСƤ̫ˡ
С磬ҸоӨĹ߻ͦǿģһӨ˾㲻ᷴ԰ɣһ߿ͯͻȻ˵
ҵûʲôؼǿӨԸԸȥҶС˵
ӨѾͬˣͲͷˡͯ˵
ӨĴ㣬֧֣Ҫ̫ˡ
лл㣬С硣Өм˵
бҪ˵лл𣿡ҶСװʵ㣬׼ʲôʱӨ˾
һʱɣһȽ˾óӨ˽˽⣬Ȼٴȥ룬ͯ˵
ҶС˵ͷûʲô
˵һѾ¥ǰһһ˳Ȼ󽫶¥ڡ
ⶰ¥һȥһޱȿĿڵһʩѾˣɳӵȵӦоУһ޴ˮƣĸϵе״ƣšؽ̲࣬סϲ
һ¥ѵһЩ˶ģ¥϶Ƿ䣬ÿһ䶼С䣬Լѡ䡣߽ȥͯ˵
Ҫѡһ䡣СµȥԼռ䣬СӱϾСӣǵЦֹ
ҲȥѡɣҶС翴˿ŮЦ˵һһƤȥŮӸ󣬲֪Сʲô
¥һĲ㣬ÿһ㶼оŸ䣬ҶСֱ˵Ĳ㣬һ䴰Աŵķ䡣
ʫѡһҶС緿ڵķ䣬ӨͯѡҶС緿бԵķ䣬Եķ䣬ȻĽѩȻĽѩûУĹӦصģȽĽѩҶСʽŮѣҲ˵൱ڹŴĻʺ
ѡԼķڷдһҶС¼ȡ֪ͨͺʫ߳˱
ͯӨûиǲˡ
۪ˮǾѧǺԶʮӾͿߵ
Ϊһʱ䶼Ǵѧѧӣǽֵϵĳ˶˺ö࣬һЩѧУѧѵʼˣЩѵ˳ޱȡ
ãѧſڣʱѧſڣһŷţһȺȺѧߴ߹ңɫɫĲӭƮԵַǷ
Щ棬ҶСоԼһΪ߱ΪͨѧУ񹦾һ˿˿
λͬѧãĸϵģϵѧרŸӦġҶС˸ոչ۲ѧУʱһһеᣬƸһ㡣
ӦǸѧУܶһ֌˿жһ֡ײˡʱѰġײˡȻժϰײˡѾһȺ̣ˣʣµĶЩٰײˡ᲻ȤֻýĿͶһġ۰ײˡ
ظѭðײˡˣʵ
ѧУ˵ѧɺ˺ܶ࣬ΪȥһƬ컨ҶѧУҶĺ컨ѧȴǺ컨ҶԴḻѧУ޲õһѧУκ̫ˣӢɼĿ̶ãֻܻ̾
ʱǰλֶ붼ǱڶײѰһİײˣȻԲժ뷨ӭͬѧϧһزġ
ԲҲϵѧĽѩò˵ȻͱҶСˡ
ѧУſڣһ˾ϵӭߵһŶϵСǰ
һƯѧӭ˿е¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ȻĿͶ˺ʫϣλѧãһĸרҵģ
Ƕרҵġʫò˵
ҲǶרҵģҴȥѧƯѧ˵
ллѧ㣬ҽкʫաԷԼһרҵʫʱ˼иС
ʫ֣ҽ£Ҫ˵лͬѧ֮໥ӦõģߣҴȥϴźƵ΢Ц˵ȻǼǵĵطȥ


1162 
ʫѧãλѣһǰߣ̲סҶС缸ۣҶСͺʫ֮Ĺϵջûסʵ
šʫϹҳҸЦݣ˵ͷҶС硣
ҶСáºܿ˵
áҶС΢΢˵ͷ
ףҶС磿ôôϤ΢üͷ˼ͻȻ俴ҶСе¼ȡ֪ͨ飬Ժһ⣬Ǹ״ԪҶС硣
ҶСЦЦ˵ӦҰɣ
ûп㾹Ȼһ״Ԫ˲㿼˽ʫѧ䡣¿˵
ĻҶС絹ûвʲôʫ¶ɬĺΣӶˡ
µĴ£ûö೤ʱͱˣҶСΪʫһ죬źʫһЩƷ˾ȥ
ʫ˼䣬ʱŮͬѧˣϵı̵룬֪ܵȥˡ
Ůʼʰ̵ȵȣСʱʱ䣬ǲȫʰˡ
ѧ㣬ѾҪԷʱˣԸʫ˵
û£ˣڻҪȥҡҡͷܾˡ
ʫǼ룬ҶС翪ڣȰ˵һǿͬ
Էûȥ೤ʱ䣬ŮӳԷϸʣһһ죬ʮӵʱͽˡ
һҶСͺʫŽȥ뽻ԶҲվ·Сʱߵˡ
ҶС׼ȥģʫҪȥڴϿޱȣһԶСޡ
ҲһſȫǽӦѧѧ㣬ҶСûκѧѧæźʫһͰ˱
ɮ٣ѧγԵĶԱȣЩ΢ƯŮһȺŴҶСͺʫ˺Цѡ
ȻŮ٣˶ͣүǣүǵζѧͬǶҪͬˡ
ʫʱҶСͿһͬѧſ·һŤһŤģǸǣҶС綼³оʵ̫ˡ
ߣȥῴҲ֪ʲôӡҶСŰõıźʫ˵
ðʫ˵ͷ
ҶСסҲ˼䣬ס¥502䡣
ҶС罫Ŵ򿪵ʱ˲䣬һɽųζʫɰСӡ
ҶСڣһ˹ŰϷһһˮϵʪ͸ˣ´ЬԱ߷һ˫Ьͳӣԣһ˫ЬͳӾȾԴڴϣĿ飬ǲ֪ʲô顣
ŮӭŮϷλͬѧŴ򿪺󣬿ҶСͺʫֱӽҶСˡ
ڣϽһ˫ЬӳȥҪȻŮôأϷͬѧϢͬѧ˵
ͬѧһЦȻ󽫸ϽЬӷ¥ϣȾᡣ
ҶСźʫ˽Ȼ󽫴ӷ˵ϣҽܵҶС磬Ժա
ҶС磿Ǹ״ԪҶС磿ҵżţ˰Ϸλͬѧֱӱ˹һܼӡ
ȿȡʽһ£λŵڣڴϿʱ־ɧǵƣҴ˻ӭס502˵
лҶСЦЦ˵ʱоһƬܰͬѧཻ֮ϡ飬潻ǰҪ໥
ÿλŮŮѣʵ
ţǺʫѧġҶС˵
⻰۾ϽܵԼԣóһƿϣٵ˹ɩӺãôȣһƿϽ¡
ʫΪ֮ɫĽĿͶҶС硣
ţһ֪ǸǮˣõƻԣ첲ϴ·ơҶСƳһ˵
С磬ͱڿˡ˵Ȼ󲻺˼Ŀźʫ˵ɩӣѧŮӶܸ࣬ܲҽһŮѣһǵ簡ҲˣҪ
ҲŸսѧУʶˣʶͬѧٸܡʫ˵
лɩˣʲô¾ֻҪܹ쵽һƴǡ˵Ȼ˼üŪۣһӡ
ҶС罫ȫó˴ϣʫһͻݵĺӣΪҶСẈ̂˶һĽ
ôûôõ˱ˡص̾һ˵
ʫĸŮѡһӦĿꡣҶС簲ο
ҲǣҲҪˣĹҪˡĵ˵
ǲһ˵ûһ˿㣬Ҳ˵ڹ֡ڴϿĵƷ˷۾˵
ϵˣĳ죬ǼʣɩҪҽŮѡ˫˵
Ҳἵʣ׷һǲô顣ϵĵ˵ƫƫװһӣһЦ


1163 
ݺݵıһۡ
һҶСϵ˴ϣʫһױ֣̣ûö೤ʱͽˡ
Լҵʱ򣬺ʫĵ绰ˣ˴ģҲ֪ô֪ʫĵ绰ģ˽кʫȥۣѾһˣе˵ȥ
ҶС罫ʫ͵ſڣͷᣬҶСǼѧϵ3DרҵǱҪеġ
ڵҶС粻ȴԵԱȽϾͨҶС˵ԼҪԵʱԸ¸ȥһں͵ơ
ѧ幫⣬һΪֵһֵϣһͨ˵̳ǡ
ֱȥ
С磬׼ʲôĵԣǮģʵ
ʲôԱȽϺãҶСʵ
õĵȻƻˣƻܹʵݵĻ롢˶ƷơҶС˵
Ǿƻɣ۸ٶνֻҪþСҶС˵
۸ٶνǮ˰ûпҶС˵
ʲôǮˣеȫǻңǼϵȻҪһĵˣҪȻò˶ûˣǻҪµģѸֵҶС˵˵
ţȷʵߣҸȥԡ˵ȻһƻԵĹ̨ȥ
Ҫʲôͺŵĵԣ˸ոߵƻԵĵطһԵʵ
Լ˵ȻڶѡţҶСҲԼѡ
ͻȻһԣһ滹Ǽ̵ϣо۸еһǧ飬νһǮںǮѾˣҪľʵĶĶǴҪġ
㿴һ̨ôҶС罫˹ʵں͵ҲΧ˹
üһһǧ˰Ľ˵
ǮƵ˵
ǮһԻȻڲһϣȶԺܺã¿ȶԲϵͳױ˵޳ҶСһ̨
ãϰһ̨ҶСָһ̨˵
ϰ壬㿴ܱܲһ㣿ʵһ֪֡
Ǿ͸ɣһ壬˵ĶͼλˣܹٵˡԵ˵
ãһ̨ҪˡҶС˵ͷ˵
Եɫ΢΢һϲȻ򿪹ӣӹóһֽ̨ܷĵԣһ߲һ˵ĺɣһʽ˹̨ϵһ̨⣬ֻʣһˣղŻм˿һûҪȻ򲻳ˡ
ǻˡҶС絭һЦ˵
װϵͳ˿ҶСʵ
װϵͳⷽҿмҡҶС绹ûлش˵
ҶС˵ͷͬ
ϰ壬Ǹղſһһ̨Ϊװϵͳʱһ
ҶС翴ȥ꣬ǵĴźϿǮƵˡ
˼ǿԵһ̨ѾոǸꡣλԵϰָһҶСǸ˵
궼ĿͶҶСˣڰװϵͳʱ۾һ
ǿԵôĻǺһ£ǽøǣϾڻûиǮһŸԶ̷īɫ䣬һɫп㣬ŵһ˫ɫƤЬ꿴һ˵
ðɣһ¡˵ͷ˵
λɲԺһ£һ̨תøǣȻǻ⳥һʧѵġīߵҶСǰò˵
ҶСü
˼̨ҷǳϲתøǣȥĵ̳ȥҶС絭˵Ȼûд꣬ĿͶ˰װϵͳĵԽ档
һˣĴ˵ὫóȥҶС粻Ͳκˡ
īɫе㲻ÿ
λĲܹһ𣿡īٴʵ
ҶСٴνĿͶ꣬˵ܹôˣùԶ㣬Ҫᡣ
Ѿ˵ת̨ԣȻʸͣҶСޱȡ
㾹ȻҸ˵ֻīֽīժ£ĶҶС˵
˵ô㲻иӸṩһǿӲĺ̨ʲôֵŵģҪҿǣҪȻҲ⶯֡ҶС˫Ŀбų⣬ݺݴ̽С
īʱɫ԰ޱȣ¶һ˿־壬嶼ڲסĲ
磬ôˣû°ɣղԵŵʵ
ҡû£ߡī˵
뿪ˣһ¶һĨ⡣
ҶС֪¿϶꣬ҲãԼ̫ˣһҲ
ƽ½дѧ粻ϸдĻ硭һιڻᾡдꡣ


1164 ҫ
С磬ҿ£ǲôˣŵʱСĵ㣬ʲô¾͸Ǵ绰Ը˻ǲġߴʵڿҶС˵
ģһҶС΢΢һЦ¶Ĺâ
㻹СһȽϺãȻҲ֪ʲôһ˶򵥣һȪҫһĶӣȪϲ߶ƹܣ鷳ĻԿĻ㡣ԵȰ˵
лл㣬һעġҶС˵ʲôҫˣͲ
ҫ֣Ȼûһ˿仯Ǹӣ˶ǳģҶСжǿǣʼҫ˵ĵ̣ԶˮȲ˽ʣҶСԻԿģǲ֪ҶСƾĸʲôһΪ֮ĳǿʵ
С磬֪ҫ˵ʵжǿ󣿡̧ͷĿҶС˵ȫûֵɵЦ
֪֪ҶСҡҡͷʵ֪ҫ˵ʵжǿ
ҫ˵ʵжҲ֪֪ҫͳŶϵһеĵҫ˸׳ƳɵѣҪ̫ˣܶйϸ𣬸Ը⿴һѶȸ˼֣˵жǿ󡣡ĵĿҶС͵
ĻǼ˶һоһ䣬ΪҶС絣Ĳѡ
С磬ҫжôǿֻҪǸ㣬绰֪ͨһһһԡһҶСļ˵
ڣ˵㣬Ȼǿ׳Щܴĸ֣˼һȭҷˡƳһ˵ɫÿϽٺһЦˣ˵ĶʵǸܹԿģҲС£ͨҵĹϵӦûܹƽģµġ
ܣǲཻ˰ʱ䣬ǣҶСһǶҶС統˺ֵܣҶСҫ˵ˣǶ׷ΪҶСѰҶԲߡ
ǵӣҶСһпС֮飬װһ̵ҲǣֶǼˡ
ллҶСĵĸм
лǶǺֵܡں˵ȻΪҶС簲װһЩ
˵ĺɣǣҶСȻܹϸܵһŨŨĵģĹϵǺѸ㶨¡
ҶСҲû˵ʲôĿЩֵǲֵܣǵĻһ컯
ʲôҫˣĸ£ҫ˳Ϊʷɱ¾Ȼǽĺð취ȴΨһĳ׽ķ
Դ϶˼ֹɱеĵˣɱΪɱǺ£»ش˴УѾԶбȫĿǡ
̫ɱһѪɺӡ
ͻȻҶСоɫе㲻ԾϵܾңҲ֪ʲô¡
⼸˿¶򵥣ҶС̾һĵ
ȻɵһŮ˵ӣղŶ̶̼仰У֪һ˼ϸˣʵޱȣԾѵҪȻǲ̺ôǿıսܹͺĸ࿹⣬ڵƣǸйµˣ顢һ֪ܹߵȵǽԲһֳͨͥġ
ˣеĶװˣרҵصһЩģҵĵУʱ㿽ˣԸоôһվ˵
лһȽİҶСЦЦ˵Ȼƶ㶯
ҶСҵ㣬һԶûУʵС磬㲻ûù԰ɣ
ֻ˼ζѣÿξǵ½һQQһţǺǣǼұȽӴĵԱȽ١ҶСǺһЦ˵
㻹Ƚһ̨һĵ۾գһ¶գ⻹˵ĻЩ˿¶ҪӼˡһӡ
Ǻǣ˵ʵǼȷʵȽũܹԣЩǮɶ׬ġҶСʵʵ˵
ţƣȻԼ׬ôǮǶǿһ壬ŸĸǮǲࡣ̾һ˵
װɣҶСһ˵ѾԺˣһ̨ˣ︶ˣ
ֽ𸶿ˢԵ˵
ˢҶС˵ȻӶóһп˹ȥ
ʣһƱҶСһˣһģ뿪ˡ
⳵ʻһξҶСǳһ˿ЦݣһɫСγһֱʶǸղġ
ҶСǵ˽ſ˳ֱ˽ȥ
һɫСγڣһӴźֺɫŦ۽⿪ԼԼ¶һ֪ǻ졣
ǿ磬Ҳ鵽ˣǽѧ˵һӶֻ˵
ϲб
ǣǿ磬ȥ졣ӹ˵


1165 ɺ
޶ż۪ˮһڣŮڿĿУǵɫ̫ÿҶСԵʱҶС緢ìܵꡣ
ʱīһƽȼܻ棬Ƿŭޱߵķŭ
ΪҫСӳǿǧ谮һֻҪҪĶûеòֵġ
ıܿѧӣΪԼıѡԣһʼһԣʱû¾ȥ׼ĴȻû뵽ÿ˽ȵˣһֻʣһ̨ˡ
ȻıϲôôҪ취õһ̨ԣҪȻ̫ʧӡ
ΪʾķȣƵĺ̨Եת֮£֪Է̬ȺܼԽǵòĶԽõٴκѯʣû뵽̬ȸӼһֶĲмͷŭ
û顣
еǣԷһ񣬾Ȼˣˣ岻ĲˣһӶӡ
Ѿӵ֮ӵ飬µȻܹˡ
ȻݺݽѵһͿȵһ¶Էı׽̸ģʲôʱҪ£ҫܹ۰Զһԭ
磬㡭û°ɣһϻʵ
ǿЦЦû£ʲô£Ǹ껹󵨣û˸Һ˵
ź⣬ɱ˵ĺ⡣
˵ģ˶֪ǿʱŭޱȣΪҫСĶӺʱܹί
ǿ磬׼ô죿һ˵ž⣬ҪҪǸСӴ
󣬳ǿЩ΢룬ҡҡͷ˵²ٵȵȰɣСѧӣҲƻ飬һȥ;ΪСӷϴʲô£˵
ǣǿ磬֪ˡ˵
ˣСܻ֪ǸһѧУģҲӦǼѧϵѧˡǿǹҳһ˿΢Ц
磬Ҫ¾ˣϾǶһѧУġβųǿ˵
ˣôأСͲҪˣһԼģԸҪһģҪȻԿֻԼǿĳĿβ˵
Ǳ硣β𾴵Ӧһ
ǿ磬ĸСӾȻҵǿһű¶Ůӽ˵дŹǵġ
ʱ֪ˡǿڶԷĴĦһ˵Ȼһֱֻ֣ӽŮ˹ϡ
ǿ磬Ҫ˼ҶΪ顣ŮӰư͵˵εεġ
ⲻ˲УøӴ̼
˿һĻ󣬶¥ܹҪĿһĻ
ʱҶСѾصᣬΪҶСU̸Щ
Լ˶ʮӾȫ㶨ˡ
ʱʱѾˣ඼ˡ
ڡƣǳȥһԸ͡ҶС翴˵
ãͲ԰ײԣٺ١˵ں͵Ҳͬ
ȥԷƿҶС˵
Ҳ֪ϤǿȥǮ⡣ҶС˵
ٺ٣Ȼ㶼ô˵Ǿһõģ;ķ꣬ڲţҷζãǮеߡƼ
Ǿ;ӰɣҶСʹ˵һٷѣֲὫ
С磬㲻ɩһȥʵ
ҲԡҶСЦЦ˵ƺĹâһ±˹Ŷˣ֮ⲻپƣǲҪʫἸһ
ٺ٣С֪ҵ뷨˵ҾͿԱ˹ˣ¸¡Ц
ЦƳһ˵
Уⲻ飬ѵãҪѵŮˣں͵˵
Ѿ˵ˣ׷һŮˣԷһܹĻһῼǵġ˵
ϻһ⣬˭Ҫұ㣬ϻ˵ˣǸϽ߰ɣҪȻ;ӾҪˡŵ˵
һˣһѧУߣҶСһΪʫ绰
ʱ򣬺ʫ׼ȥԷҶСֱ˵һȥʫѯԼһǶͬ
Ƕͬˣ˷֡
;λѧߣҲ۪ˮ治Զ羰ˣԷо쳣
ѧĶߣȥ;ʱ򾭹ѧһѧУſڵȴҶСһˡ
ԶԶҶСͿһӶǵӰɫȹȹϵ׺ɫĻ꣬ˣҪǷҡҷĶ㻨˺ʫ⣬ûֶصʡ
ŮΧźʫ֪ѯʲôʫϣֳ˵ĺΡ
һ߽ˡ
ʫǾõˡҶСЦЦǸ˵
ɩӺáеĽһ
Ǻáʫ΢΢ͷ˵
ǸҶС磬ȷʵѹʫôϲ㡣һų̿ŮдźĿ⿴ҶС˵
ǺǣҲǸһ˶ѣܹõʫҵĸһһ˵ҶСǫ˵Ȼ顣
Ƕ˵ͷһаһ;ȥ


1166 ;
ΪܶУѧ;ſڳһţһĳͿԿ;ڵ˾Ժܶࡣ
ǽȥڶûаˣôأ;ڴҶС絭һЦ˵˽ȥ
;һ¥ڣ϶Ȼһ¥λģ϶һӣ¡
ǼλҶСǸ߽ȥһԱͺòѯʵ̬Ⱥܺá
ǰ˸ˣڻаûҶСʵ
Ǹ䶼ʹã¥һʮǿȥ¥ƷƯŮԱǸ˵
ҶС罫ĿͶ˼ˣ뿴ǵ뷨
νֻҪгԷĵطСֵ˵Ҳ˵ͷ
ҶС˵ͷ˵Ǻðɣȥ¥
õģ롣ŮԱ˵ȻҶСһȥ
¥ʱҶС翴¥ڣŴԲɵģԵӵ
¥Ͷ¥İһģһǴĸϷԲм˺ܴĿռ䣬Ϊ˷ߡ
ſбҲһŴûˣҶСһ˹ȥŴϵȫһЩѧŮŮַǷ
ǴΪװ޶ǹŵʽװޣܶСܹͨһĺкӰߵʹĻгԷ˸оĿ
㿴ҪʲôˣдϣҪ°ҳҶСӷԱù˵Ȼȵݸ£ѡŮʿ
ҾͲˣһЦӹ˵ȻߵŮͬѧѡȡ
ͻȻҶСоһĿʱǵͶһ棬ŤͷȥȴǺбһɻĿ꣬ҶСһϲҲһĨϲɫ
С磬㣬һΪϴˡվ˵
Ʒɣû뵽㣬㿼ǸѧУҶСʵ
Ʒɴλ˹ҵķոտ󣬺ԶˣڶˣûǸû˵㣬һΪٻؼһˣû뵽ûл
Ǻǣ̫ˣز˼ңôҶСʵ
Сӿ˶Ǳߣ̫ԶˣһϷܵߣܲˣҲ֪СôġƷ˵
ѧУֻжǱߵѧУʺˣŮأҶСʵ
ҲȪУʯʹѧûϱУƷ˵
ƷɣͬѧһͬѧͲҪˡƷһһ˵һʮִ󷽵ӡ
С磬ߣǹȥһһûмˡƷ
⡭ƷɣһôͬѧڣͲȥˣٺúġҶСǸ˵
С磬ȥɣһķ˻ûȥһҲò˶೤ʱ䡣˵Ҳ˵ͷ
ˣҶСֻø߹ȥһͬѧ໥һ£Ȼ󣬺˼ƣҶСͻصԼλá
ЩͬѧҶС״ԪʱǶ¶˳ĽĿ⡣
ҶСһûеȶãĵˣҪһơƻй֭֭ȻǸŮӺȵģһҲࡣ
ڳԲ˵ҶСͻȻǹҳһĨЦݣע⵽һȺ¥ԵʱҶС緢ìܵһˡ
òҪ£ҪȻҲ⽫ȫȥҶСЦһ
С磬ôˣôֱ飿ҶСʵҲɻĿҶС硣
ûʲôмˡҶСЦЦ˵
ҶСĻ˿ſڣǿʱɫ˱䣬ȻŮӵıûʲô仯ǸͲʶǿ
иӦԭɣǿŤͷ˿ҶСʱ㶣漴¶ζɫ
СȴͬѧȥȴһЩ顣ǿŤͷβ˵
ǣ硣βԼĻƴӣȻҲҶСһˣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
磬ʵĵǸĻ¾ôˡ
ãͿϣһᣬȥ鲻ܡǿ˵
β˵ͷȻԼͬѧ¥ݡ
Լıȥ󣬳ǿһ̣ϴŵЦ˹ûߵҶС߾Ϳ˵δ갡ûоȻܹ㣬ǻԵ
˵ţǿߵҶСǰһӸµ̬ҶС硣
ǿļˣԾؽҶСһΧ
֪֪ҺܲˬҶС絭Ŀųǿ˵
ŶǺǣҾ仰Ӧ˵أǿҶС˵ʱＫΪˬվŵģҶСŵģǸĸоͺԼҶС磬ҶСڸָо֣һȻ
ǽĵطһҶСͺʫ֮һĵط·ӲоһЩ


1167 ͺܳ
̫ˡҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һУ˵
ءһݺݵһӣϵơƿз˵ĵӶݺݵĶ˶ˣŮҲŵĻʧɫ
Сӣ㾹ȻҺǿô˵ǳıӵˡɫĶҶСе
ӣʲôλƯСÿɾˡǿźʫŮ˵¶һɻȵĿ϶ͣںʫϡ
ǣǿ磬ǸϽ˵
ʱվơߵǿǰݹһơƣǿ磬Ƕ۵Ұ֣ϣһӣһ¾ôˣô
Ƕϼŵǿֽӹһơƣһֻü˵
˵꣬Ȼ䣬б⣬־ͽһơϣɫ٣ӣˣҲǸϼһӣ˵ˣǸʲô
һ̼䣬ڵ˲䰲ûзһţǶĿͶҶСһƷҲһĵӣ֪ҶСʵǿ󣬵˭֪Էʲô
ľȻû˵һ仰ƾǾˮ£Ҳûвá
ǿ˿Ȼ˿ҶС磬¶һ˿мˣһҶС֪Լݣ˵ģһġ
ֻǣһ£ղŵʱҶС綼ǲ䲻ȵĶԴҶС˵飬ҶСܹԳǿ
ǿ˿ˣ¹ҳһ˿΢ЦȻĿͶ˺ʫҪ¾ôˣԣŮһϾС
֮ɫ·Ѿʫ
žͻȻΪе˶ˣֻǿ϶һСӵӡۣʺޱȣ̥ǣѪжѪ
֪֪ͺܳҵŮ㶼裿ҶС˫Ŀбų⡣
ҶСĿ⣬ǿȫһ仰˵
ʱѾˣҶСǰСڳǿϺݺݵһ¡
С硭ĵĿҶС硣
õģһССҫˣһûзǲʧȤĻҲҫʧȥϴּϴһ¡ҶС絭˵
ðɣע㡣ҶС綼˵ˣҲֻܹ֧֣ҶСõӴ˳ǿһ£¾Ѿ޷ƽˣǱȻġ
˵꣬ϴּȥ
Сӣ㾹ȻҶǿ綯֣ǲȪлˣҺݺݵСһ١һݺݵĶҶС˵˵׼֣Ҳ׼һ֡
ʱҶС˫Ŀкųɨ˹ȥһҶһֺɫò԰ޱȣͷϺֱð
¡ҶСһɨȵһ־һ㣬һֲΥĸо
顭˺ǳܲסĳѹ
ʱŮϵɫָȡ֮һ֮ɫҶСĿʡ
ȥȻԼȥҶС絭˵ǿڲס񣬶ҶСĻƴӡ
󣬳ǿľȻվߵһǰץסںͷӴȥ
ǿ硭Ҫ
ءһȻص˭Ҳ֪ǻ
ǿޱ飬Ǹûһоľ˶һ¡
ٴһȥ
ǿ磬ѣѣǶˡһ־֮ɫĽе
ǿûһץץͷȻץŴȥ
ءһصһҵĽ
󣬳ǿһҲȥվڴǰ˿ȻһԾ£Լȥ
ô£ǿһȻ˵ϣ֪ҶСҲٺºûʲôϵһжǳǿԼġ
ʱ˶һ𺳵ӣʲô£ԼԼ¥Լȥ⵽ôһ£
һЩ˺ܲŵ۾ȥһӻڷҶСҲʱ֪ġ
ԱЩʰϽϲˣǶˡҶСŤͷſɫ԰׵ŮԱ˵
ǣŮԱϽ˹ΪҶСʰӣҶС˵¥ȻԼװа¥¾Ͳˡ
λͬѧҪ˼ԷˣһٷˣǾܳԡҶСվΧϵ˵
û£ûдǡһͬѧ˵
ҶСֻ˵һ䣬ȻϣŮһȵĿҶС磬ҪҶС翴͸
С磬㡭ôģһҺʵ
ҲûʲôΪǿҵĹϵ̫ˣԲôҵĻҶСЦЦ˵


1168 쵽
ϵãϵõ˼һһˮһӡ
ղŵʲôأô벻ס
ףС磬ǿأһϴּ˳ǿѾˣɻʵ
˵øղźܶԲ㣬Ϊ¥ˡҶСϴŵЦ˵
¥ˣһͻɻĿҶС磬Ŀǲ֮ɫ
ˣҪˣһ֪ˣղʱ㲻Ҫ𣿸ϽԷǼһĲʱ򡣡ҶС絭˵ӾԹ˳
ҶСӣɻλϣһ߳ԲˣһߵһŮѯʸղŷʲô顣
ܸղŵ飬ŮľҲ˺ܶ࣬ҶСĴ£ΪƷ˷ˡ
ʫúкͬѧʲôܵ㣬ÿҶС΢΢һЦ˵
ʫĿһҶСȻкżλŮӡ
һ󣬷ԱٴζˣЩףµĿ˿ҶСʵڻĲ𣿡
ϣôϣǳԷģѵ;Ӳ˳ԷҶСùŮԱ˵
ǣǣһ鷳ŮԱĵ˵
û£͵ʲô¶ûзʲô鷳һҶСЦЦ
ǣŮԱ΢΢̾һȻ˳ȥͬʱҲ¶֮ɫҶС絽ʲôˣȻҺͳǿ࿹⡣
ǿĳͣ˻϶֪ŮԱܵģ˵Ǹˡ
ŮԱߺ󣬺ܶ˴¥ͬʱһţ
¥ˣ
ûп¥ˣ
Ȼģҵİͽߣۼĸ¥
ͷʲô벻ģȻ¥
¥ҪؼôҸһ¥ҪȻˤһǾˡ
˵¥Ҳ֪ʲô¡
˶ǿҺ̸¡
ʱ˶ˣƷһҲˣߵʱƷȰҶСϽ뿪ҲԼͬѧ˵˳ǿݣǿݣסˣû뵽ԷȻǶϰĶӡ
˶Էͱøˡ
ƷɵȰ⣬ҶСֻЦЦҶС粻Ļ̾һ㱻ͬѧˡ
Ʒ˱֣ҶС¶һĨʧҶСҲѴϾȨƣ˻ˮӽ쿪ʼ˵Ĺϵͻᵭ֣ǱȻġ
ԼʮӵʱҶС¿ӿ˵ǳģȻȥɣҺʫһӦһ¡
С磬ǵʲôˣҵ飬Һһ£ӲҪ뿪ĻǴӴ˺ͲֵˡҶСĻˡ
С磬ǲ뿪ġڿҶСᶨ˵
Ҳ뿪Һͳǿ֮䱾еìܡƵ˵
Сһµġ¿ҶСзĹʡ
һŮӣҶС´ӸղԼֵһĻжϳԼһˡ
¶˵ˣŮҲҡҡͷ뿪
ȻǶô˵ˣǾɣǼԷֻҪڣҫ˵ˣҲ˺һֺҶС˵Ȼƽȴһ˲Ծŷơ
ʱѾ죬ҶСһȻĳŷȫûκιϵһ㡣
ǿ¥¼Ѿʮˣһ˹ʱ򣬳ǿѾˣǱβҽԺˣϾ¥ʹҲзˡ
һٵĿҶС硣
оˣҪӰǵθˡҶСЦЦ˵ƺͲ⾯ĵ
һɻʱһŲֻͳ
죬𶯡һȣ;ǹ׼ˣȻûǹ˨ⲻһŻãǾҲܹ⿪ǹ
˭ҶС磿һ꾯е˹Ŀһɨʵ
ʱŮ⣬˶һƽѾֹ˸ղŵ飬Ůӵȸղź˺ܶࡣ
ҾǡҶСһڲ˵
꾯쿴һҶС磬ƺЩ֮ɫߡ
ҶСȥҪҶСץסؾ֡
ţΪҪץңҶС綢꾯ʵ
ǽӵٱ˵㽫ĸ¥Ҫᾯֵһ¡꾯쿴ҶС˵
ɣ˭ҽĸ¥ǳǿ¥ȻԼȥˣղźܶ˶ˣȥǣǺһϵûСҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һ˵
ԣǶˣһжǳǿģҪץǾȥץǿ˵
ڼҲΪҶС֤
ҫһд󣬶еھˣҪһҪΪ˵һ£һʱһзչʱ䣬ǵһֵǵĿζҪȻһдս¾ͻƣͣϴһҲһζĸ߳ٺ١ֵǶ


1169 ȥ
ΪҶС֤꾯ɫúѿĸ˵Ѿ֪ˣһ˾ȻǶϵĶӡ
֪Ϣ󣬸ϽѰĿ֤ˣǷʲô£֪ľʱסˣǿȻԼ¥˵ȥΨһĿܾǣҶСʹĳֶΡ
ȻҶСֹϵôץҶСǱģһܹ˽£ܹҫǷһ飬ֶΪأ
ֻһ䣬ڳǿ֮ǰйͻǲģ꾯һͷʵ
ȷʵйͻôˣҶС絭ʵ
ȻйͻбҪȥһˣߡ꾯һ˵
໥ͷ׼Ѹײڶ֮ƽҶСץס
ҶСЦһһӣһεһӵ˳ȥ
顭˵ϡ
ʱЩ죬˶һ֮ɫĿҶС磬컹ûеҶСǰȻ͵˳ȥʵ̫˼ˣǸоҶСϷ·һصĹ⻷ǿ
ܲ˺죬ϼڻʲôҪ˵һᾯ֣̹״ӿܴϡ꾯춢ҶС˵¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫ
֮λ޴ǣֻҪǸȫ԰ҴߡҶС絭˵ûЩ죬ӣһӲˣ
ôˣ˻ôأҶС翴˵
˿ɬһЦʱ˭ܳԵȥҲֻҶСھǹ֮Ϊ糣
ſǶԾӡ
ʱеľжһŭ˶ľ죬⻹ǵһôŵˣǵǹ¾Ȼζĳŷ
һϣҽ֡꾯ϴŭ˵
ϣһȺǶʳһ㣬ҶС˹
ǸңҶСͻȻŤͷ˫ĿкųһȺҶС嶼ͣһɪɪǸоԼȶԼˣȷ·Ϊ˼ȡ
ҶС磬ں͹ԡ꾯쿴һĻеţǽװһ侲Ӵȵ
͹ԣ˵仰𣿡ҶС練һ䣬Ǳӡ
꾯ҶСŵӣоޱȣõľ죬ͽǰȴΪǶôɳܵ顣
㡭Ϊ޷ˣѵͲҿǹ꾯ǹ˨ָҶС磬ɫΪˡ
ǹҶС粻мƳһۣһץûпôһ£ЩеǹȫʧˣҶСС
ҶСЦһǹоСӵߡ˵ţпٵķ˼£ЩǹȻһΪʵƻǰСѹĽ
ǵǹҶС翴һЩ죬һ׽׸꾯졣
ʶҶСĶ꾯ѾסˣʶĽס񣬶ͷð˺飬ʵ㡭㾿ʲôˣ
ҶСĿһɨЩ²ܹ֪ģǽҵֱǵϼԻᴦɣ
ǣǡ꾯ΨΨŵŵĻشҶСûֱӸݣǴһ仰вѲ²ҶСǹҵˣǻʵǿһˣˣôҵ
ˡҶС絭˵ź⡣
ո£һܼĽŲֻһȺ˳Ÿָļһʲôʲô̵ȵȡ
Щʮ;ſڵһˣʮˣʮ˻϶׼νĸ֣ǵʵɨƽһСее¶ڻ¡
ʮ֡Ըһһͨˡ湻ģȻͨ˵Ķ壬Ķ塣
ӳҸһӣ˾ͲҪץˣҫˣҫڲ顣Ϊ׵һ㡢ƤЬӿ˵ĺ⣬һΧ
⻰ӳЦѣץץˣҶСʵͲܹץסģο˼ҿܾݣǲܹץ
ȻЩȴ˵ҫҲӳЦЦ˵̫ˣȻҫ˵£ҾͲˣǵòβͣҪȻǿˡ
Ȼᣬҫ£ǷģǷһʲô£ңֻҪܹ쵽ĶΪ졣ź˵
лߡӳһ˵Ȼһо˳ȥ֪ΪĶӳ£ŻҲŻǷһ飬ҪȻƽʱԷ񶼲һ¡
Щߺ󣬳ĿҶСһһۣȻĿͶҶС磬ҶС磿
е۹⣬Ҿǣôˣ˵£û¾͹ҵܲˬúõһٷεĴšҶС缫Ϊˬ˵
ããáһССѧȻҺô˵â


1170 ѪȲɱ
û˸Һ˵ĻҾ͸ңʲôǣ˼ҵһѣʲôֵŵġҶС粻м˵漴˰˵һûбϽɣҪȻܹܵ˵ġ
Щܹ˵ģһССѧѣʲôʸϣҵҪ㱬˻ʲôĽһ˵
ȷʵҫеһǣ֪˵һˣҶСĻĴ̼һҲǺôҲһƹˣʵޱۺһССѧܹ˵ġ
ĻЩʵǿһҶС˹
ʱҶСĿһһԾȻΪ⣬ݺݴ˹ȥ
ҽһЩҶСĴֹͣ˶
ءһӹ˵ذϣĶͷǺ飬ɫ԰ޱȡ
ֱӴϥϴ˽ȥûУ͹ͷһ壬Ǿҵʹǹͷʹһܹܵ˵õġ
ôһʱϽߵǰ𣬹ĵʵ
վˣϥˣҺݺݵĽѵһ٣ֻһСǿžʹԹ֮ɫĶҶС磬ʱûȫƣҶС綼ܹ֪ˣοˡ
Ҳѹ֣һһʮĸ֣ϵĹͲҶС硣
ǵĻҶСûЦ˵һϷҪʼˣһ߳ԣһ߿ѶƬһ˿ǿϵġ
ʱ˿ҶСĿǳݡ𾪣ƾղŶȡǹ֧һ֣֡
ӵ֣Ŀ⣬ҶС˹
ҶСͷûмŲˣǣеĸ֣һ¶һƬã֮ɫһ˿˿Ŀ־壬ҶС˹ļһȦֻصԭء
ҶСֱӹϵʩչ˻þѾʧԼĻþУòҶСԶ֣ҲֵҶСԳ֡
ɱͻȻһ˴һɱһ˻Ӷеĳһ½һ˵ĸ첲ˣѪΧܶˣ϶罦Ѫ
̵ѪǼЩԣһ˫Ŀͨ죬󣬻ӶеļһΧ˿ȥ
ۡѪס罦ʲô첲ʲôȣһԴһء
ֵһĳĸŮӶŤͷ³ȻҲеģǣȻ²ĿţѪڣȥսһóֻһĻ
ҫΨһûбҶСʩչþĳ棬ڵϣĿһĻ϶Ѫȫ֪
ôô૵һŵӣⲻģģһΡǵҵĴۣҴѾ֪ҫǸʲôȻҲҫԶʧҶС缫Ϊ˵
ԼӵʱҶС翴Ѿˣֹͣ˶ǵĿƣʱл˶ˣΨһص⣬е˺ˣֻǻǳǳһЩˣܲңʧ첲һӾͱϵˡ
ǴӻþȥʱһҽѾǳԷĵطˣһ׳
ȥҫڣҪԴǸӸҵǸҪȻҫ˾ûбҪˡҶС綢ų˵ȻŤͷһˣЦЦʵǳԺûУҪҪڳһ㣿
󣬼ɫһ󷢰ףǻܹԶ³Ѿõˡ
ʫҶСһۣڻ˵Ļ
ǺǣҲ˵ˣ߰ɣҶСЦЦ˵Ȼ˴ǽѪٵĵط˹ȥ¥ȥ
ʱ¥һ¥Ѿû˿ˣֻмԱ;ſڣʮֲСûУκ˽
ƳһЩ죬ҶСߵһ¥̨Աʵˢˡ
˵꣬óһп˹ȥԱԾĿһҶС磬ȻӹпΪҶСˡ
ҶСſڵĶʮˣˢˢ˹ҶСʱ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ʲô֣һͷ˽ҶСʵ
ҶС磬һ˵ҵ֡ҶС¶޺Ц˵
ɫһ䣬ѿޱȣղųѾȥѵҶСˣҶСĻЩ˿Ѿ⵽˲⡣
ҶСһп룬ȻŤͷ˵ӣͦģһ뵽ʲôѾȫˣҶֵģ㲻ˣ͸ϽҽԺɣ
кſڽ˳ȥ
пԱ˹
ҶСûлͷ˵ʫţǿǵȫҵ
ҶСһˣڶ˵ĿŶߵķȥ


1171 ׼
;¥Ĵڣһų棬ɫѿޱȣǰ޵һĻʮһʧȥսʹЩ˵ˣԺˣǵܵ˼شˡ
ղŶڴſڵĺܶ˶˽Щ̧˳ȥ
׷ʲô£ôͻȻӣüͷɻ档
ʲô£Ҳ֪ʲô£ͻȻɱҶС磬һҶСʹҪȻӵġ۾˵
ɱôӣüͷ
ȴһȥҪ±ѾǿƵķ롣ѵ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ĻΪûλá˵
ͳɣһԤУ˴鷳ûпҶСֶΣǼֱѾͨ˵Ľޣһȥ˵
õģӦһȻ󽫳˳ȥ
ѧϣҶСһ˾ǰţǼ˶һ仰û˵Ůʱʱ͵͵ҶС磬·뵽ʲô¶һ˿Ρ
ô۹⿴ңѵлɣҶС翴ʵ
ĿҶСһʵ㾿ʲôˣ
˺ʫ⣬˶˶䣬ϸҶС絽ʲôˡ
ǿҶСһɻӡ
ʲôҲɻ֪ҶС˵Ļʲô˼
ˣôǳԵĶǶҶСװһ̾˵
µҶСһۣ֪ʲô
ǺǣҵǸܣǻǲҪ֪ĺáҶС翴˵ˣѾѧУſڣǾͲˣ³Է
ûһʿȣѵʫ͵ſڣ𣿡ƳһҶС˵
ˣС绹ҪͲ鷳СˡʫϽ˵֪ղŵЩ϶ûнҶС绹Ҫ
Ǽʫƽ⣬һҶСЦЦ˵Ȼںʫĺ촽һڡ
ʫɫ¶һĨߵĺΡ
ĽʺްҲҪץʱҸŮѡ̾һ˵
ʫҸ¶һ˿Ľ֮ɫ
Ů߽У԰ߺҶС翴˵ȻᣬһһҪ
ʲô飬һԡᶨؿҶС˵
ˣһ˾ͿԽûκιϵҶС絭˵
ҶСĻƽ̺ӹɵ֪ҶСѾ˾Ҳ˼ٲˡ
ðɣС磬ʲô͸Ҵ绰ҪСġҶС˵
šҶС˵ͷһļЦЦ
߰ɣں͵һۣȻŽȥ¶һĨ
ԶҶСӿڴóֻͨĵ绰
һ󣬵绰һҶС磿ʲô£
һģϵġ
ϣ㣬ⲻֻ𣿡ҶСɻʵ
ֻ룬Ŭ¶ʱڶܴӱչ״̬ѹʲô͸˵ɣ˵
ҶС˵һ䣬һΣΪûнʥȡȥʸ񣬿ΪˣŬš
аҶСܹóͨһıԣ֪ԼĲ࣬Ŭ
ҶС罫ҫ˵˵һ飬һƨɣƽҵ׷ΣǸϣҪҫ˶ˣù׼׼
ҫ˱һҲֻҫ˵ıǳ¼ңҪСһ㣬֮䱾ìܣԸҫˣѱǲڶֳֶԸ㡣˵
¼ңɺϣĸڱţҫ˲ʶȤҾͲˡҶСз˺ݡ
㻹Сһ㣬һϱġ˵
˼󣬾͹˵绰
ҶСһǰߣһٲһ绰ιС𣿡
٣ңʲô£С⹧СǳºѡĴλõˣΪ˴ıԣеʶǸµˡ
ҫ˵ûУҶСѯʵ
ҫˣ˵ʱƸ绹ڵʱҫ˵ˣҪǼǣǴƸһλãƸûͬ⣬ս˼Σҫÿζʧܸգ¾Ͳ֮ˣƸûзҫ˵͸ǿ϶ŹƿĻᡣС͵
ʮֹɳʹߴӣҪҶС˵
ǣ٣ҪԸҫ˵ĻҿԸ鱨С˵
ã¾ôˣֱȥ۪ˮǶűҾǱߡ
ǣ١С˵
˵绰ҶСбų⣬ȻŽȥҪߵſʱһٻӰվ·µȴʲôϴһ˿ǣһĨԹ
˭ܹ³Ů˭ٺ٣Ҫȥ±ˡͬѧ飬Ҫ鷳


1172 ׷
һӰҶС¶һ˿ȣһ˿ӣû뵽ȻޱûһӰޱ
ǳɫ䣬һ黨ȹҹ·£ʣͬһʢʻҡҷ˵
ҶС΢΢һ̾˹ȥܺܲԣЩ黹ǱҪԵġ
ޱһĸ飬ô˵ǶĳɬЩۣŵˣҲϵ
ϴޱȪһˣ˵ĹϵѾ˲٣ﻹһ㵭Ľ٣ϾޱѹԼȻԼҲ⣬̫顣
ɵĵƹ£ޱС߶һ߿ΧҶСʱ¶һĨϲһ˿˿ļþûʮ
С硭ޱϴЦʻһЦݣһС˹ȥ
ҶС΢΢һЦþòˡ
ޱܵҶСǰеţе㷲ҪͶ뵽ҶСĻǵҶС粻ˡ
Ҳ˽ϵԭӦרҵޱ΢΢ͷҶС۾¶һ˿΢Ц˵
ϲ㣬һΪ㿼ĵطҶС˵
ΪҲԼˡޱҶС˵
һ仰ִҶСһĵطǣʹҲ˳ȻѾˣԾһ˿ʹ
Ҫһݴġһ˿覴õĸ飬ȻޱѾ͸˺־ǿΪˣҲȻֻǣѾ覴ã
ǲǻῴңޱҶС˵ϵЦϴһ˿Ȼ
ûУҲ˵ĸ飬ȻѾˣǣȻое㡭ҶСĻ˵һ룬Ҳ֪һָо
֪жҵĺޣС磬㲻ңҪʲôԡޱ¶һĨ
һŴʹӣҶС΢΢һʹŮҶСʼӲĳֽޱ˻УİϤпǧ
лл㣬С硣ޱֽ§ҶСҶС뿪һ㡣
лʲôԸҴ绰֪ҵĵ绰𣿡ҶСѯʵ
֪ޱдһ˿Թ
ҶС罫Լֻޱ룬ҲʫĺޱΪʱԼܺæֻ
Ҽסˣǰ׷ģٸһλ𣿡ޱͷҶС˵
ҶСΪ֮ɫͷ˵֪ѾŮѡ
ĽѩǺʫޱʵ۽¶һĨСŮĵƤ
ҶС¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǲŮѣޱʵ
ҶСԥһ£ǵ˵ͷ
ȻѾŮѣһкηޱʵ
㲻ڣҶСʵ
ڻܺ𣿴һʼڣҵһֱ㣬ǺֿԺȻתǿĵıӰĺۣ֪ǸλѾŮˣҲܹҷҪλãֻҪһˡޱһ˫۾˾Ө顣
ãҴӦ㡣ҶС˵ͷ˵
ӦˣĴӦˣȻȻۣǣеļ͸˱¶һࡣ
šҶСٴε˵ͷ
õҶСȷشޱЦʢʻǾӨǻϵĵ׺
ӽԺ¿ʼޱҶС˵Ȼż⣬ҶСһǡ
·ҪҶСסһ̣ҲԼٴμסֳۡ
ޱ׼뿪ʱҶС籧ȥҲ̽ſڡ
ޱ鲻Խѩźһ˫ۣסҶСĲӡ
ʵĵƹ£˵Ӱ֯һ𣬷·һԹŮ¡
ʱֵѧУŵĸ߷ڣܶ·ѧһĻеֻƬΪ˲䡣
һ˲ŷֿޱϸֳһĨߺ죬绨ҶСжһĨԣ⻹ǵһοޱֱ顣
ˣС磬˵ˣǸ˵ܴǲǣͻȻ䣬ޱҶС絣ĵ˵
Ϊ²ѧУſڵҵģҶС翴ޱʵ
ޱ˵ͷ
£Ҳң
ţ»ῴһĻҼ㡣ޱһҶС磬Ȼͷ
ҶСһжģõģһᴦõġ
ţҪСĵ㡣˵ģǣȻޱȡ
۪ˮҲס棬ʱĻȥһ£űҶС翴ޱ˵
ҶСĻޱ¶һĨ⣬ҶС˵仰˼Ѿôܹˡ
ţһȥģлл㡣ޱ˵
ᣬȥ䣿ҶСʵ
ڲŰ˵һ㣬ǳȥ䣬㻹ǰһӡޱĿҶСһ˵
ҶСЦЦȻޱ֣ſĹ··Ƶ£ǰȥ
ޱԼ֣סҶСĸ첲ȻҶСһõ΢Ц
˺ŵһɬ飬·£Ӱ㿣˵յĹ¡


1173 ϰɽ
ޱȥʱѾʮӣصʱ˶ĿתĿ۹ҶС϶һ㼦Ƥ
ôˣôĿ⿴ңҶС粻ʵ
ǲûлش𣬶ǼҶС磬·ҪҶС翴ͨ͸
û뵽С磬ұż񰡣¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
ٺ٣СøЦЦ
СˮһաƸ
˵ĻҶСһͷˮ֪˵ʲô˼ɻˡ
ҪװˣѾѧУ̳ˡҶСһۡ
ǵ˵ʲô
ղѧУſڵ飬ѾϴѧУ̳ϣһʱ䣬һƪѾΣΪʷ飬㿴˵ŽԼıʼǱҶС翴Ļ
ĻҶС˵ʲô˼ǽĿͶ˵ĻֻĻϵͼƬѧУſڵʱԼޱǵͼƬ
һΪʲôأҶСЦЦû˵ʲô
⻹ûʲôҶС磬밡˵ɩ֪𣿡
Ӧ֪ɣ֮Ĺϵô򵥡ҶС˵
˾ҶСһֻŲۣҶСһΣȴһִûйܰ
ʱȪжϺߣһޱȵׯ԰ռǧĶܹ֮ȪִӵôĵطǮǼΪƵˡ
ׯ԰ڣڡڶѲ߶ӣжʮֻᣬһׯ԰һõڹͣͲһܹӵе
һׯ԰ҫɽ˽ׯ԰
ׯ԰вԻû˵Ҫȥǳ˵ΣȻеĸ֣ЩѾͨ˵ķ롣
ʱһׯ԰һ޽ĺΰ¥Уһʮһ̫ʦϣ˫Ŀгһߣ亮⣬һֲŭĸоһͳǧɢλ߶صơ
ǰϣһļһļһţһ˻飬ƬһƬҶСƬȻһйҶСϡ
ҶС磬ôһͨˣȻΪеĴӢۣҲйϵеʲôĺܲ򵥣ҪһǺηʥϵѾһƬһССоȻô֪ܲĵ
ҫϵİɽ
үСүûʲô󰭣ϵѾˣڻûлָһΪϵһӰͻأ֣һӰһɫɽװޱȣҲ֪ϴ˶ꡣ
仰ɽбųһĨ⣬һɵߵɢ˲䣬ǹƾʧˣͻȻһͨˡ
һϢܹöϰΪ֮ʧ̬֪ǿеλжôҪ
壬㿴ҶС綯õʲôֶΣãɽ˵
ӦǾһ츳ߣֻǲ֪Ѿʲô硣ɽװ˹˵
츳𣿡ɽ˵һ䣬иͿߣǴ⣬ϡ
ǣү
˵֮ȥǸҪȻԸǸˣ壬Ҹȥ𣿡ɽѯʵ
үвѾ𣿡˵
㻹ô˽ңȷʵѾ⣬ȥǸܣҿԷΪ㿴ʲô͡ɽ˫΢΢һ˵
үҪСĵ㣬һһλز¶ĸ֣ǻд鷳Ȱ
ģµģҪһλ֣ȻиԸһ¾ͽȥɣɽ˵
ǣү˹˵
ڶǿѧҶСˣȻ˼Ǳ磬ҶСӵͯĵ绰һˣġ
ʱҶСԼ˸ͯ˵£ͯҲ֪Լƿط顣
һ绰ҶСͯȽǰԼһͻˡ
˲ˣҶС𴲵ʱѾǾŵˣ˻ں˯
׵ҶСЦЦȻϴһ£¥ȥ
ߵ¥µʱֻһȹޱ¥ȥʶ֪ڵȴԼ
ôô磿ҶС߹ȥʵ
㰡Ѿ˵ˣҪ¿ʼ׷㡣ޱĿҶС˵
Ů׷кӵģʵ㲻ӣӶܲƽҶС˵
Ը⣬ҲʧȥĻᡣޱҶС˵¶һ˿Ŀɬ


1174 
ޱ˵ҶС΢΢һ̾˵ǺðҪǿԼһȥǡеҪȥ졣
áޱ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
У԰ռز֪ǧĶ¥һֱѧУſ˽ʮӡ
ո߳УţҶС˫ĿһųоɱĿ⣬ûȥᣬޱ˵Цǰߡ
ҶС磿ͻȻ䣬һӰҶСǰһɫˣ̬е߰һҶСӡ
Ҿǣʲô£ҶС絭˵
ҷ֮һӣ¡˵ţһһźڰӴлһĵУֱҶС磬Ҫһ˶ȻᱻֱӻƲӣһغ
ҶС粻һˣһûн쾳ĸ֣ҶСȫֵһᣬٵ㹥ǿʮ˺ҶС硣
ڰӻΪһɵҶСǰһߵľ룬ȻֹƯ˿С
˿˫Ŀһһɼؿ־壬ֶѾԤϡ
ĿҶСǸ֣Ͳţ̽һ£û뵽ǸͨһҶСʵһǳ
ӺȻһһε֮ƽգҶСĿһɨȫˡ
˫Ŀųڰӷ·Լٶȱȵ⻹Ҫ죬ΧתһȦȻ·ɽڡ
ɣȥǸʲôȻ֪ҵĴ𰸡ҶС絭ĿһˣȻޱűǱߵķȥֻ˴վԭء
ֱҶС˺ԶŷӦ˹һҶСʵͲܹԤ⵽ģ˿ҶСıӰ̾һȥ
ԷȥҶСЦһȻԹȥҲãҾԸͿǷ⣬ҪȻҲһ췭ظ
С磬ǸʲôˣôôףޱĵĿҶСʵ
ҫߵˡҶС絭˵漴ЦЦõģһССҫһ
ҶСӣޱ˲٣ͬʱɢһʡ
ԴӺҶС罻ûпҶСӣǰʱҶС翴ΪԱ·ûһ㾫񣬼Һͱ˶ӣȻڣԸ䣬ʲôʱ򣬶һаյӡ
㡣ޱͷҶС˵
ţ֮ҪģҲ¡ҶСޱ֡
һһģȻ·ԶȴԶûһʱߵ۪ˮǰ档
деľһ㱡ıȺޱ۾һ̾һ
סȥڷܶࡣҶСЦЦ˵
ޱҶСһۣǲΪ̫סȥ
ȻǣӦףסĻҲǿҶС˵
ͲǨһ𣿡ޱյĵҶСһۣ漴΢΢һ̾ȷʵǰһˣǰһŵҪڻô䣬һ㶼Ůӵ˼
ҶСüģһЦǻãⲿĻԸչķҾңһ޶ҶС硣
֪ô˵أڵǰ㶼Ƚˣֻڸ˽ӽˡޱҶС˵
Ǻǣô䣬ΪʵĶǲ䡣ҶСᶨ˵
ף㻹ǺǰһԶֻǰĲĵףڱ¶˳ѡޱ˵
ò˵ҶС磬ޱ˽⣬Ͼһʱ䡣
ǵˣҵıҶСָŶű˵
ǰһޱһּΪܰĸо·𿴵Լļһ㡣
ˣǽȥɣҶСޱ˽ȥѵĳȣһʫ黭ζ
С磬ˡҶСޱոߵ¥ſڣһϮɴʳȹͯ˳Ϲŵ΢Ц
㡣ҶСһȻܵޱ
㡣ޱĽһԵʮֹɡ
ޱóƯС͵һŮӵġͯߵޱǰ˵ߣǽȥ˵
˵ţ㽫ޱ¥
߽ȥҶСһ¥ȥ
ʱ򣬸ҶСӵ˻ص˶߳ɽɽׯڡ
ֱ߽˳ɽ鷿ɽ˫ֱ󣬿ǽϹŵһŵͼһŵͼһЩļǺţͿʲô˼
ɽһԣҲ˵һ仰ͷһʮֹӡ
͵ˣþãɽתʵ
͵ˣûӡ˵
Ŷ˵ʲô
˵ҼȻ֪˼˹˵
룬ɽ˵ó


1175 
ǣˡ˵Ȼͽе˳ոսڰóȻը˷۷ĩ
ͬʱâϱųֱӻΪһƬƬ鲼ϳһ֣ʮʱ׼ʱݷá
һֶõӿ̳ġ
ۡѪҺķѣɢһأѪޱȡ
ɽ˫һУɱӿȻǰɱˣ
ʱһͻȻ䴵ɽ˳鷿УѪһĻǵбų⡣
ȷʵһ֡ɽƽ˵
͸ƾһ֣ͲܹԿģҪˣү˵
Ҫ֣еһжҪ׼ãҿ󻹻ʲôɽһ仰ȻƽģȴǱž޴ɱ
һβҪҶСʵҪĵƱȳ
ףЩУпҶС֪ﲻҶС紴ѡ
۪ˮǣű¥ߵĹݵϣʮվţǰϵϢǷ·𿴵ɺ쳾˲ԾصҪС
١ǿҶС߹֮ʱǹĽһǳ֮ɫ
ЩˣϺټҶС磬ҶС磬м֡
ҶСߵǰĿһɨ˵ͷʹվҶС󣬺ҶСıһ㡣
һҪҪϿʼжʮ˷Ϊ飬ÿһʹߴһӣȽȪҫ˵ľݵȫγûУҶС翴˵
ˣ١˹˵
ƻʹ԰ţʹߵҪԷӣ򣬱ҲҶС˫ĿһɨһǿƱŷ
˶ʱоϷ·ѹһɽޱȣɫ԰ףͷϺֱð֪ҶСֲܿѾҶСݳ񣬵ǶҶСʵûһ֪Ǽˣмһ˿Ŀ־壬һ˿ĳݣһϵĸ߶ȳݡ
˵ӣҶС磬ջϵƣ˵һأһǽѵѵڵǶ֪һЩ㣬ǵΪٵ
ǣ٣һʹߵİšЩǻ֮ɫѾ̤磬ߣеȻԼΪ˵ҶСղŵвĻôһ仰ǽãÿһλ߹õֶΣַֻѵ£ŻԼΪģΪҲܿĵõ
еж죬ʲôϵҶСŤͷʹ˵
ǣ١ʹޱ˵
ҶС˵ͷȻȥ
¥ڵĴʱޱͯĵ죬ǳͶ
ಡɳʱһӰͻȻ˹ҶС綼֪СҲֻôٶȡ
ѽѽСҶСĻУ۾ί֮ɫ
Ҳֲίֻǰװ׵Ƥëϣ֪ʲôһһһֻƤһ㡣
ʣһСµĽ
ˣίˣԺҰɣҶСƤë˵
ҶСĻССί󣬱˰οһ£ʱϲ⡣
С磬ĳںͯޱСʱĿһϲ֮ɫѯʵ
ţõġҶСЦŽ͵鷳Сϴһϴ̫ˡ
áޱӦһȻС˹С˻С
һʼСе㿹ܣоޱС¶Դ̬Ȳֹͬͣ˷
ҶСޱС߳¥󣬸Ǵһ绰ѯһʲôš
˵翪ᣬҶСص˵ܲѵѵʱ١
ޱһֱʱ˲ŽȥֿʱޱҪСߣСԸ⣬ǱС±˿־֢
ҶС˵Ǹʱе˶ѾˣĿһɨʮˣŮжʮˣŮԶԶǹǵĸզأڽѧУѾǼΪѵˡ
һĸԱһʮŮӣ͸ֵһģһͷҪ飬һǾѵ飬ʱȽ϶̣ڽоѵĻʱֻܹƳ٣ڶҶСʱϵ
ҶСǳľܾˣܶΪɣԱȻţӲҪҶСݴ೤ְλ
ҶСһΡ
˵ȷʵʵȷʵæڴѧУ԰ܹ֪˵೤༶ˡ
ʦȫ׵Ժ


1176 Ѫҹ
ҹĻڵҹղ֪ʱƮһ㵭ıƣǹͺƺ»ȫסˡ
һ˺ܶ࣬紵˸оһ˹ͷе⣬ؼһƬɱ
α仯ȪеҹȻƻԻͣɺ޺жһ㵭ĺ⣬ѪԤʾһѪսķ
ȪкųƶĲҹǣվԶԶȥͬ磬еƹΪҫ۵Щֳ
Ǯ˵ãҲǶŮŮĸԴЩֳһҡ쳹СɫɫĹâĽֵȾɺ쳾ɫ쳾ں쳾г쳾Ȼܹ˳һУǾǶ䣬ĵĶ䡣
졢ѧʧˣʲôĿĵˣǺһĽֳ
ǧֳȪֳǣﵫʩʲôȱڻеУ˵еĺȭ
֪ӺʱͻȻ䣬غӰ鲼ǧֳܣһŮվͬһĸ¥ϣƮƮ绪ϻûκεı飬˫ĿӲĹâɺ쳾ǧͬơ
̡Ȫҹ΢һǧֳڵĽֵԼΧڶֵȫ˺ڰС
ô£
ôͻȻûеˣ
ǧָʲôɻأ
ͣ磬һԹԵ𣬾ʱһӰͣ磬ǧֳС
ҽӵԹڵһࡣ
绪Ůվڸ¥֮ϣͳȫ֣ĹâԲǧڵ嶼ɺ쳾УԼûһܹѡ
ɱ¾ڼÿһӶʮ
ʮӵʱһӰݲȵȥʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
٣þˮá
ģ֪˭Ȼˮ˵ϣ̫ӵˡ
ףʲô
óֻһѵ
˵Ļãڰ½˵ƹ⣬ֻĵƹ⣬ڿ˵ϵʲôһ߾ָ߱˵ʬ壬ѪǾˮһЩϵҲǾˮѪҺ

ѪѪҺһȺЩӿȥֻĵƹ޼£Ȳܸ˴ϵİοʵĸоǴ̼˵ĸй٣ǵǿ־塣
ҵȺںڰоֵıܣǾ֮񣬺ܶںڰб֪˵ļ̤ʧ
žͻȻ䣬ƹҫָˣǧֳڣȫѪȾ飬ͬ޵
Ǵ̼ˣһȥ·ڲһֻѪħ
鲻ǧֳǣȪкܶط˲̵Ѫ¼Щĵطҫ˵Ҫ̡
һСʱʱ䣬ȪмѪĳУһ㵭Ѫɫ˳еϿգطѪɺӣʬأǵһηôģѪʱ䡣
һҹص죬ʹԶѪ¼ֳطľ񾡹֪ܲʲô飬ǣľȻܹܵ˷ǱѰ顣
ʱ˶֪ʲô飬Լߵʲôģû֪þһͷۡ
ȪѪ¼Сʱʱ۪ˮǶű¥ĲݵϣŮӾվʮɫװͬһľ׮˿ɢŨصѪζбɱ
ܹѪϴǵʷ˷츲صı仯ͬ˵һʼʱֻһȺӣôһȺܹսıƦ
ȴһСʱʱ䣬ЩȻûжһ˿Ŀбӣȣϸ鿴ĻͻᷢЩ˵ĺȻȫһ£ƵҲΪɣǳѵĽ
ͻأ䣬һӰͳǰһӰҶС硣
ҶС˫Ŀһɨâų˵ı龡۵ס
١ͬ˵ǹ
ǵӣҶСĵ˵ͷǰʱǵ¶ϣȻڣǵĲĵףǶҶСܹǶûб¶ǲ
һεսҺ⣬˵Ǿͺϸˣնɱ˺֣ܶǣٶϻЩǷȱֶλ̣סҪѵһ֧Ϊ֮Ķ飬ҪǳΪеجΣħҪһ֧ħţھǸλܶࡣҶС翴˵˵
ǻŬԲ÷ʧͬش죬ҲҿҶС綯ԲһڵĿռ䶼ԼУصͲܹȥҪȻһѾ۪ˮǵˡ
˵Ļɡ
ھҫ˻ֵģûκε֤ݣȻܹ辯ֶ֮ԸοǱɾֻԼ⡣


1177 ı
һ֧͵Ķ飬ҶСԽ˿˵һƬ֣ǿȥƬֶξۼ°빦»һӲҪһҪŬλʹߣһͽˡ
ǣ١ʹ߹˵
ҶС翴һȻ뿪
ҹעܶߣǾ죬ҫ˵ˣΪҫĳɽһҹδߡ
һҹ֮䣬ҫȪеľݵ㣬ȫγˣĺԱ޷ʧ
Ϊһ£ҫе˶жĴѰſɵҪЩɱǵĸȫֻڷʹߵ쵼£ûûһ˿޼Ѱץס
ʵҫ˵ĸ߲Ҳ֪ץסԷҲΪ˸ҫһǿҵΣУǵĶġ
ҫˣưԶһ˸ǣǻڰ֣İѾɥʧжѪԣ¸ҫһǾӡ
Ϊһ£Ļ̻̣ҫ˶ж
غһׯ԰ڣɽ鷿һƬڰڰУɽ̫ʦϣĿ
þãɽ˫Ŀų鷿Ϊ֮һ
žһָ鷿ڵĵƹʱȪиط鱨˺һûзһ㡣
ǳֵ𣿻ǼʱҲãЩܹҫšһʱٶԸǣҵҪǷжǿ󡣡ɽź
ãɽһ塣
һ紵һɽװվ˳ɽǰͷһʮֹӣүҡ
˵ĳƺΪìܣɽ˳Ϊ壬ȴɽүìܵĳƺ˺֮Ĺϵ
ɽ˵ͷʵ壬ҫڣǼΣ
һλģ׷ʵ˵Ҫ𣿡
ҪҪܹŵʲôʱھԵʵǰһжֽϻɽЦһ˵
ϲүҪԸԳͳҫˡ˵
ǰܳɽΪȻܵڲ˵ĵƣͲܹȫƿҫˣҫ˵ҪȪб˰γʮദҪݵ㣬ʧ˴֡
¼Щ˼˷׷£ᵳ˽Ӫභɽװһʲô֪ӣȴǿҪչʱٳб˼ȫɱһȫµҫˡ
˵²ǻ£һλᡣ
Ҫô˵¶䣬һж˲ȶأ˵ֻΪʱ硣ɽҡҡͷ˵˵꣬ٴνĿͶˣ壬ε˭ģ
ӦǷɣϾǺҶСеϵǡҶСҫ֮ìܡ˵
⣬Ҳˡɽ˵Ӧûзټɣ
ûз֣һ鿴ġɽ˵
ˣȲùܣʧ˵棬ǲüȻ˼ɽ˫һе˵ȵʱ̣ٳҪǵжӶԺж
ǣү˹˵
һҹȥڶܶ˶̸⣬һЩϢ֪ͨϷѪ¼ô£û֪ⶼϢڲഫǺƴɱһҹȥתе¡
һ飬ֻи˲³˭ģҲûκ֤ݡ
ڶϣҶС˯ʵʱ׼һʱ䣬Ȼ󿪻һֻһ绰ıǷᰡ
㣬ʹ绰㲻˯һ˯һҶС˯ʵ˵
ģ˭д㣬Ͻһ£ȪеǲǺйϵһھѯ顣
Ȫзʲô£Ҳطĺù񣬴Υ飬ɲҪʲô鶼ҡҶС粻˵
ϵĺûӴκιϵ˵֪㵽д鷢ο˵һͽ˴¥ȥһ˾ҫĶӡ᰺ܲʵ
˵°ԩңԼȥģɺûʲôϵʱк֤ܶˡҶСίˣ㻹ʲô£ûеĻҾȹˡ
ҹĵ绰᰺˹ϽģȪзһѪ¼㵽ûйϵ
£ʲôңҶСʵ
绰гĬһʵ˽˵ʣ
ʲô˽˵ݣѵݣŮ˵
һ
һѵݣҵȻȫ㣬ֻܸһ֣Ů˵ݣһȫ㣬ȻҪΪ룬ΪҵŮˡҶС˵


1178 ̫װ
ҶС磬Ǹ쵰㶼˯ˣڻѵĻŮˣҶСĻᰴ
ҲܹңˡҶСʵ˵
ϣϣ˵˶٣ʵҵһģʱأһβģ
ûǿ㡣
㻹ҪǿңҪǸǿȣСҰĶ᰺޺޵˵
ᰵĻҶСһЦ˵ҴˣҵŮˣ˰ɣ
ҶС磬ʲôǿҪŮˣ㲻ҪңҪҵ˶ǣţҾ͸һ᰷ǳ˵
ҡҶС˵ûб㣬ҵŮˣһǣûҵҪǸ뿪ңҾͰһ˵Ļĵϣ޽һסУһݲؽҶС뿪Ц˵
ΪǺۣЦһ˵
ᰣ㱾ҵŮˣȻģȷʵģ߹ҲȥֻǴ̫ˣҺеìܣҾ׼һ¡ҶС͵
ҶС绰ᰱӵ˵ɱ˾ɱˣʲôһ飬˵ôΰôΰҾͰҵֵд
Ǻǣ˽ңҲ˻ѵһǣǼѪѪȵɱ¾ǺĳɳҶС˵ʵһԭҶС绹û˵ǾҶСҪ¼ҵĸȻնɱ
ȻΪܸߣҪע㣬̫Թ䷸ĳ˽޻ֳֶԸ㡣᰸ⵣ˵
ҵŮˣǶҺãллҵĹģģҲµģһὫһķΧҶС仰аһ˿
ǵȻˣˣȹˣǼѾͷһҺǧຣ㡣˵
ãʱһ𡭡ҶСٺһЦ˵
ԽԽˣߣˡ˵һȻҵ˵绰
绰дཱུҶС֪Ҷ˵绰Ƴһֻϵʱ䣬ѾǿҪ˵ˣҶСϽ𴲣ʶһɨͯޱϢͻȻޱ˵ԼһûпΣֲԼûʲô
Ͻ𴲣ûϴӴ£ѧУȥҵʱϿͬѧǶѾˣʦȴûǸкʹѧڸУܶʦϿ֮ǰңѧʦ϶١
ϣѧʦ϶ܣǽǵģͬѧ氮ʲôʲôȻҲЩҪرϸʦ
ϣҶСֵĺ棬˫Ŀɨͬɨһɨſα֪ʶȫӡԺС
ŵһϲͨһڿεѧϰѾ˽Ĳˣپڵʱ䣬Ȼʵһ£ҶСܹһ鱾ϵ֪ʶȫˡ
һڿΣҶСһſλãڿҪʮӵʱҶСӰͻȻʧûκεףҲûκ˵ע⡣
ȪУһޱȵׯ԰ڣɽĿڣվˣϾ߾վɢŨѪζһɹǿı֮ǳ궼ɱԶմȾϢ
ɽţ˫Ŀͬɮ붨ȫûһ˿ȣڼΪƽ
ǰİʯϷһ裬ɳǰҲ裬˱ǡ
Ĵڣһʮ
ոõʮһµʱɳͻأһӰһӰʹᣲˣ¶Ӱ
ҶСֵʱ򣬳ɽλԼɫ˱䣬ҶСֵʽʵǹˣѾǵ֪
ƾһ֣֪ҶСʵǿޱȣǸ޷֮ȣǾĶҶС磬ԷֹҶС֡
ҶС粻мһۣԹ˶ʯϵĲˮ̺
ɽ˫ĿųĿͶҶС硣
ҶС磿ɽʵһӸµӣ·ҶСһ㣬Ǹ߸ϵľҶСǳӡ
ȻʶҶС磬֮ô˵ΪҶСһ
ҶС粢ûлش仰ǻ²豭ʵǳɽҲô治֪ôƿϵġ
һ仰ҶСóɽܾõƴ˿Уҵ˹·ҶСһ㡣
ҶС磬ȻѹֿҹҫຣôɽҶС˵
˵ЦˣҲطùôôγҫ˵οϿ˯žɲҪԩ˺ˡҶСƽ˵
ҶСĻɽǳ˳飬װģûмôװģұ֤ϵԺҶСйϵ


1179 鷳
ûж֣Լ˶֡ɽضҶС˵ҪҶС۾пЩʲôȻʧˣҶСһ˫Ӻǿǰ䣬ʲô
Ϊ˴¶أһܹӶԷпҪĶǣҶС羹Ȼͬɺ쳾жɹһӵˣ͸²ɣ̬ͿǳԼҶС˫Ŀ޶ΣͬǸ͸һ㣬¼Ϊ
ڳɽĻҶСЦûзҲûгϡ
ʳǣҶС翴ųɽʵһȣһӣﵱԼļ
ǿҶ֪ˣȻǿҲвԵĵطֶҲ̫˰ɣɽ˫ĿųֱҶС˫Ŀ
ҶСû˵һڲˮȻĿͶ˳ɽһ꣬ȥҵһˮ
ȫ֮ɢŨѪ֮ҶСҪҶСһ̵ĽѵҶС֪һ²ʲôطš
ҶСƤһ̧Ѫ֮Ǻǣɱϰ˺󣬻ᣬڵûʸ񡣡
˵ţҶСų絶ֱ۾һʱһ˿ѪҶСĿУˣھơ
ѪӰѪ¸οһ˿Ѫ֮ѡ
ɽ˶״жҶСʵٴһۣɽһʹһɫ
Ǹ˹ԹԵĸҶС絹һˮȻصԭվĵط
ҶСһڣ̧ͷųɽʵҲọ̀ҵһûк³ֻóǿԼ¥Ѿӡ
˼һҪлˣɽҶСЦһ˵
ҶС絭˵漴ɻʵѵǰΪ˸лң
⻰ʹɽٺãҶСĺƤˣпݺݵĸҶСһӣƤж񣬲ҶСֶοûǸʵ
л㣿ǺЦҵĶˣҸл㣿ûɣ¾ٰԵҲ˵ĻɽЦһ˵Ҫһ˵
ҶС˫΢΢һʵ֪Ҫʲô˵
һ£֮䵽ʲôϵɽضҶС˵
Ŷѵҫ˵鲻Ҷŷ֮ĹϵһΪ綼֪ˣƺڲҲ̫ȶҶСЦЦ˵
ֻҪȥȥ鿴϶ܹҶС֮Ĺϵƫƫɽȴ֪ôֻһ⣬רһܹҫڲһ壬ҲɱȨ
ƺΪ֤ҶСһ仰ͻȻĿһЦҪ鷳ˡ
鷳ʲô˼ɽҶСʵ
֪ˡҶСû˵ƷŲˮ
Ƭ̺һƺвҽ
ɽɫһ䣬˭֪ɽׯ԰Ϊϰׯ԰ǺεȵɭϣǾȻ˸ƣһӶ
үҳȥɽߵ˵
ɽ˵ͷͬҲ뿴˭ûоͬǰǿׯ԰
鷳١ҶСʵ
ǲһǶģ뿴ʲôֶԸǡɽɫָһзΪҶС˵
һ֪ˡҶС˫Ŀź˵ͬɽ˵ЩǰȷʵΪ˵ҶСϰγҫȪмҪݵˡ
ȻⲻһڣҪɽһѵ֪ҫв˵㡣
ԽԽתۼѾ¥ǰ棬ڿܹ͸һȺ˺ƺƵ˹в֡
ֻܹȥˣ˵ĲȥҪȻɱߵ¥ſʱɽ˿һ˵
ã˽ȥǵʵԷһСëӣֱֵһ˵һʮſӡ
ֲҫڱӣʹӸղЩ˵Ļܹò˶ҫ˱ؽҶСЦЦųɽ˵
ǲһȻǵĻȷʵһЩǣӣҫ˲ܹΪٵ𡣡ɽ˵¶΢Ц
һЩ˽󣬵ȻԼͻϾԼǿ϶ȺҶС緢ìܣǱȻģֻҪͣװǿׯ԰飬רŵȴǺҶСֳ֮һȻʰо֡
Ҳ˵ĽҶСԸЩˡ
ȻͬԤϵڳɽ˵Ĵ£˽


1180 նɱһ
Ǹ˵ϮҫȪеҫʧأֵǵЩղŵľٶܲףϣдҪֵǡ˸߽һ˾ߵɽǰ˵
Ͽܼһ㹧֮ĶûУܹҶСܹоǵ仯
ǰֵǵʵ̫ˣҪǸж˿顣Ҳ˵
ɽɵӣȻ֪ЩֵǸ¾⼸ģǿڣ˭ҽҫׯ԰
££λҶСǰǿһЩìܣѾƽĽ£ֵάҫķϣҲƽǿдׯ԰飬´Σɱңκ档ɽˣޱ˵仰Ǿ裬ͬʱŨŨ棬·Ҫ´ǿдȥͻںڿ֪˲ࡣ
ᣬһ´λˡڣһ˹˵ƺܹһȴŽթĹâ
ˣߡɽһȻĬ˵
̬Ѿˣ˼ǺҶС̸ۣ˳ˣӸղĻѾ˵һС
ųɽ˹֣ȻͬʱĿͶҶС磬ƱŷҶСУԼ˴ҶСֻһС㡣
˵ƹȻǿⲻͨжѣҶСУƨ㲻ϡ
һ˾ӸµĿҶС˵ϵ鶼ɵģ
ҸɵôҸɵôҶС翴˵Ŀƽһ֣ϼ¼ζ
٣Сӣʲô̬ȡУһƢĴͷһʵͬʱɳһ׼ҶС硣
ϣҫȪкܶݵ㱻γʧڶ֣ǲ鿴һ£ֻҶСͳǿйìܣҲ˵ºܿҶСеȻǲǺţһѧд
˵ɽҶСɽׯǾһǿҶСǲǸǽᣬרһ³ɽ
ҶС粻ֻһëͷСӣӸУҶС
ˣǲû³ç£̽һ£ͷĴڳ̽ҶСֻǸݰ⽫ҶСˣҲڴɽ
һ³ɽĿɽׯڱˣҪ˳ȥɽ϶Ȼÿ
ͷ󺺲ûóȫһſҪӽҶСʱ򣬼ҶС绹еʧΪҶС붼ͨˣҪȻô
ȫе˽ϣһ֮¾ҪϵҶС˫ȡ
ۿҶСҪͷһŲȶ˫ȵʱҶС˫Ŀһâ֮ûпʲôͷϵĲм֮ɫˣ˵ͻȻ½˵һء
ͷȥֻԼ˫ѾϥǴˣ׵ȵĽؿڴƽޱȣ֮Ҫ⻬ѪͬӿȪ
ͷ󺺲ҽһʱŸܵһʹൽ˼ʹǽؿڸʹʣȲͷҲʹ·ȲĹͷڲݺݵ
һĻɽˣҲˣû뵽ҶС羹ȻôһӾնҫһλҪ˫ȣ𾪵ҶСʵǿ󣬸ղҶС֣ǸûпҲ˵ҶСҪȫնɱҲһ˲ѡ
ģġ˸Ͻߵǰһ˫ֿͷĶĶλöҪѨλϣֹѪ
ҶСʹðԵķâ֮նϵ˫ôֹסѪģ¾һʥڣѪҺֹס
˵Ķͷ˫ȽؿڴѪûбֹסԽԽˡ
ܿͷ˻еϵϢҲ
ûӵʱ䣬ͷһϻʹɫϵϢȫʧѾˣΪʧѪ
ͬǷŭ֮ɫҶС磬һ˫Ŀͨ죬޲ֱնɱҶСǽҶСһһ飬йͷֻޣֻҲܹóҶСʵǿޱȣǸͲǶֻ֣סǹɶֵĳ嶯
ҶС磬ֶδ̫˰ɣʹٲԣҲܹҪһúܰ׾˿ҶС磬˫Ŀź˵
̣˵̣ʵǿһȥͻϵҵ˫ȣΪҲ֪ҾѾʴˣһûнһһϵ⣬ʹȥҶСЦһ˵
ҶСĻжһɺ⣬һһϵ⣬Ƕô̵鰡ΪѾݶˣǺҶСֱС׼ףûȡ


1181 İ
ѵҫԲɣúܰ׾˶ҶСʵҫŻҶС磬Ĵ㲻Ϊҫ˼ҴҵҶС϶һ˿ļɵǣûȻҶСҫǰնɱҫһˣ˵ҶСͲҫˡ
˵ĻҶС¶һ˿Ū֮ɫҾҫôˣ
˵ţһ̧һεŷѪɽ˵һֻ첲ն
һ첲ն£ҲҶ˵ʹ̲ɫ԰ޱȣͷ϶˺飬Ȼûпһ
ҶС磬ǲ̫ԵˣһͷЩ΢ɫѿĿҶС˵
ԵɣҶС絭˵һһâ֮ųҶСնȥһֻ첲˲ϵԴֱӹ˵ϣƤһڵذϹѪӿתۼһ
ежһĨ⡣
㡭㾹Ȼɱͷ΢Ǵ֮ɫ˵
ɱ˾ɱˣʲôֵģҲȥɣҶС˵˫Ŀųһ׼ɱ˵ӡ
ˣҶС磬ס֡ҶСոնֵʱ򣬳ɽվһȵľŷҪ赲סҶСɱ¾
ΪŸոս죬赲סҶС磬ͷ΢˴ͷţϳһѪɫ˿ߣı鶼ˣһҶСѾˡ
ۡͷ΢˵ֳ룬Ѫ˰ʯ
ɽɫѿޱȣȻ⿴ҶСͻȴ뿴ΪЩһıУЩ¶ʱҫ˿϶ķѣһмƻͰ׷ˡ
ҶС磬ȻǸſˣȻܵҫǰɱˣΪҫֻһӣ󣿳ɣҶСͽˡɽ˵
£ʮӰƾճ˿ĴУЩһⶼ֣Ϊ͵ĶأߵĺȻѾˡ
ʮ˿ҶС¶һ˿ĲмΪҶС¶ΪѣǸͲþ¡
ҶС磬ȻʵǺǿǣ粢ô򵥣Щﲻ𡣡ɽһڲˮҶС˵ѾûκˣҶСɡ
ҶС֣ͷ֮ìܣǣ̴ˣû뵽ҶСôᣬ˵־Ͷһ涼
Һܺ棬Ϊϰ㣬֮ìܣΪβɳЩնɱأҶС翴ųɽ˵
ûеȳɽ˵ҶС˵ǼҲСɣɳЩնɱˣҲնɱ㣬˵ҫ˾ǼĶӰˡ
󣬳ɽɫ΢΢һ䣬֪ԼСҶС磬û뵽ҶСôƾһЩֻƬƶϳһʵ
ҲˡҶС˵ȻĿͶʮ֣ǳ¼ˣ
⻰һǳɽʮɫ΢΢һ䣬ж¶һĨɱ
ǾԲܹ͸¶ȥģҪȻǶҪΪļǲܹ֮ڵģܶǵĲ֣һֻ۱һֻۣһͱ˳ȥͲͬˣ˵ùҾͻǿҪ˶˳еĿ๦׷ˡ
ôǻ붯ֲɣƾǼҶС¶һĨм
ɱصĸ֣ųȵ
Ļ£־ҶС˹ȥ
ҶС˫ĿйâͻȻʧԭأ·ͻȻͲһ㣬صĸֶûзҶСټ
ʱĿйһ磬Ӱ֣ЩӰʣͿС
ûӵʱ䣬ЩӰȫʧˣҶС³ԭء
صĸ˲ĸоͻȻָղųҶСһһƣ΢һȥɱ
·ĳֶһ㡣
ۡĿУصĸ⣬ʮֵͻȻը˿Ѫɽһ޵ĳ
һĻʱе˾;ˣû뵽ô֣Ȼ˲ǰǶûпԷôֵģ£̫ˡ
ʱɽﻹ֪ܲҶСһ֣кڲѣ֪ӣͲȥҶСˡ
ҶС翴һĸһۣȻŤͷĿͶʣˣĸ壿
ҡҲ֪һһ԰ף˵
ҶС绹ٿ˶Ҫ޳ˣĲ֪Ǹû˵ʲôˣҲ֪ЩǴðġ
ҶС˵ͷ˲û˵ѣȷʵ֪
ǳ¼ƿҫʲôĿģҶС翴صĸʵ


1182 ϵ
ҶСĻȻƽȴǱž޴ɱ·ֻҪؾĸֲشͻֱӳնɱ
߾ߣǶԼϣܶҶСֳʵе𾪣Ͼؾߡ
ûʸ֪𰸡ؾ߿ҶС˵
ûʸ񣿡ҶСҡҡͷȻЦЦˣҲҪشˣԼҴ𰸡
˵ţҶСһ죬ؾĸ岻ҶСȥ
ҶСһץһסĲӣһӿȥУɥʧս
мĿһصĸ֣ҶС˫Ŀɫâų̽˫ĿУһʱ䣬ҶСջĿ⣬صĸĿͣʧȥɡ
еƽˡҶС˫Ŀ
ӳ¼ظԺе֪¼ҪпƻеĵڼǰͿʼϵɽɽǳ¼ҵΧԱǷ¼ڲһЩʶΪߣڳ¼Уеλ
ڳ¼Ҹֵ֧£⼸ҫ˿ţеӰ޴ǳ¼ϣĽҪƿ׼ǵļ塣
˼Ĳǽֻǳ¼ң壬ܶ
ϵḻڶĲҩ߻ʯԴ㣬Щڰн֮ΪԼĵطǸʱеԴǵڶԱʵõܿ
Ϊ£ܶɳ˸֣ԮҫЩҰĵˣãó¼ƿҫˡ
֪ЩҶСüͷȷʵûȻ羹Ȼ׽翿£·Ҫȫںһ㣬ڸôأܴһ˶֪ǵĴڡ
һ׽Ϊһ󣬿¸־ͻ᲻ϲͻ붯״̬
ҶСп϶ʲô飬ǽһλռԴĹϵһ⣬֯϶֪һ飬ΪʲôȥֹԹۡ
벻ףҡҡͷҶСԳһЦҺ£ֻҪΧûʲôΣվͳɣοҵŸո𲽣ԶԶܺЩǧĴȡ
һҶС罫ĿͶĸ֣ȥˣ˵żҡϹһмɳ֣ǲǶ֣ȫնɱˣ㣬һ첲Ĵˡ
ǡصĸֹ˵ľ
ҶСѾеסˣͷһһźɫֱӽظֵһ첲ٳ˻ҽԷͬʧȥ֪һ㣬һ͸оʹ
ʶҶСֶΣɽ𾪲ѣǶҶСչʾˣֶθͲһܹյġ
ȥ˵˶ó¼һնɱˣΪܹǾ˵Էмնɱǡ
ǣҵˡ˹˵
Ƕ߰ɣҶС˻˵
һ˳ȥ
߳ȥıӰҶСǻ۵ĹâȻҪңԾһתһĿ꣬Ŀߡ
ԴŮӳ֣նɱʥ֣ˣҲúܶ˶ĿͶҶС磬һʱ䣬ҶС˺ܶй۲ĶЩֻ֪һֱװʲôûп
ʱʧ˴ֶȥ
㡭㵽ʲôˣɽ¶Ŀ־֮ɫ
ҫ˵ǣҶСƿ֮еĸ֣Ȼɵ־壬δֲ֪ʱĹء
ҾҶС硣ҶСƽ˵⣬뿪󣬵˵ظȥѯʡ
㡭Ҫնɱǣɽ˼ҶСʵ˵һ£ǣʱ͸оܺ£
㣬ܲҶС絭˵һһâ֮ųе˶ȥԴȻҲɽǡ
ͬһĳҶС粻ûһӳˣ缸ľٶʵ̫ѰζˣЩԤʾһҵĵ
뿪һû˵ĵطҶС֮ʣһԺŮӵ
ҶСһ˲ʧˣޱѪȵһ档
Ҳ֪˶ã¥Ļо¥̫ˣ˼û˻ش
һŨѪζƮɫ䣬Ͻ˽ȥڵĳʱɫѿޱȣ³
˾񣬸Ͻ˳ȥ
ûӵʱ䣬ҫɽնɱһϢֶߣҫ˻ϲǣϵҳһţޱȡ
ܶСͷĿ׷Ϊ¼Ҹ߲ϢŭѣɽһǼıȫˡ


1183 Ůӵĸ
뿪ɽׯ԰ҶС۪ˮǱжȥգٶչ˼£û˷֡
ҶСֱӻصԼķ䣬սŹغúƬռУΧһ󶶶ٵľۼ۳һӰӰصŮӡ
ˣŮӿҶСѯʵ
ţѾˣǶȥˡҶС˵ͷȻ󽫽ʯӿڴ˳СҲ˳һԺӣͺǸ˯ѵӣܻ
۳Ů˫Ŀųʯ淺˵ĹâЩâȻһɽͼͼڲһģһ·Щâ۳һС磬ҶС綼ܹڲʳĶ
ŪѵأŮʵ
ǵģܹǵΪҶСЦ˵һӣԼĽȻǷǳ⡣
ֲ̫ˣӣʹʮ꣬ǵΪ˶١ŮӺݺݵĴҶСһ
ҶСޱȣΪõŮӵĿ佱û뵽ԷƵе
ҲԣԷΪ֪ʲô磬۹Ȼܸߣز˼ҵ۾Ҳܹס
Ҹ㹹һءŮ˵˫ĿеĹâˣ֮ҹеǳҪҫ۵Ķࡣ
˵ʯɢĹâ۳С緢˷츲صı仯ͺǸ½һ㡣
Ǵ㽫綼أӿ½Ǩܿ죬ڵյضںһ޴ޱأڲɽȴûô䶯ȴӺܶޡ
ѾˣڶڵڣΪˣͻԶһڵطΪԼΪһ㣬ӲܹǿٵŮӿҶС˵ʯϵĹâҲ˽ʯڡ
лҶСм˵
ãС¶ѣӦòýʯ˰ɣŮӿҶС˵
ţˣ㡣ҶС˵ͷʯ˹ȥʱСˣָŽʯѽѽĽţƺҶС罫ʯŮӡ
ûʲôãҸһöŮЦһһɫâ˹ֻһöССɫСǰ
С¶˾ϲ֮ɫצӼĽöɫľץצУһҶСĿڴУ·ҶСһ㡣
ҪˣԺֻܹԼˣסҪŬԼΪѾˣѾ׽磬谭е򣬾ûж೤ʱˡŮӵܳأ·ʲôҪһ㡣
㣬ΪʲôҪףҶС粻ʵ
ҽǶ̣ǵʵķչѾ˼ޣҪչΨ׽磬οһҪĿģĿԺԻ֪ڵʵֻҪЩϼһ֣ȫѾ˱ϣ㲻һַҵĳȥĥսԶΪİ취Ůĳ˵
ŮӵĻҶС˵ͷеʧ׼Է˵һԭû뵽ŮֱӲ˵ˣθڣҶСһơ
㻹ʲôûУŮʵ
ҶСʵ㣬Ϊʲô磿
񾳡Ůԥһ˵ǲҶС˵ģΪ¸ҶСصѹӰΪĽȣøһѹҲãӸܹҶСĶ־
ʥ֮Ͼ񾳣ҶСʵ
ǣʥ֮ϻһΣα񾳣ѾԲٿһƬռڵĲַˡŮӽ͵ҶС¶һ˿˿Ľ˵òĽ츳ò˶þͿԳԽңʱ˵㻹ҪѰıӻˡ
һŬġҶСᶨ˵˶٣ʵ㣬绹û񾳸֣
ӦаɣҲ֪ܹС磬ԼСУ˸Ͳ鿴ȻЩΪͨ쳹صĸ֡
ŶҶС¶˳ȵĶ־иӿΪ
ûʲôĻˣˣ˵һ£һԳΪǿ߳ˣǧҪСģ˵ʲô㶼ҪţסҪΪʲôڲ֪ʱˡŮ֣صĶҶС˵ռ΢΢ҶСеĽʯŮǵһͬʧˡ
ŮʧҶСѵν鲻ɣ
ŮӣŪһЩеɻһЩСɻˣȴ˸ɻ
Ȼ֪ŮΪʲôҪ˵һ仰֪Ůǲƭģ¼
ԽԽ࣬ôҶС綼Щܾúܾ֮ǰĳһйأȻֻǲ²⡣


1184 ׼ռСس
ҶСӷ߳ʱѾˣ绹һڿΣӾѾϿˣѧһͿʼΣһ԰೤ݿΣһεĵһˡ
С磬ʲôʱģ߳¥ĸʻˮͯʵ
һʱˡҶСЦЦ˵
ûпˣͯʵ
ҶСһЦпΣѾٵˣȥʱͿҪ¿ˣ粻ȥʡĴʦҲ˳ۡ
ҾѾûбҪȥˣĵ飬ԺҪʲô˲ţǿԼƸͯ˼һ£ҶС˵
ˣУ԰ҵƽοϴѧҵһԸҶСҡҡͷ˵¶һ˿廳֮ɫ
ŬѧϰһõĴѧرĸΪߺ˼䵭ˣϴѧȫΪǱʶе˼롣
ðɣҪ̫ˣҲҪԼѹͯ˵
ҶС˵ͷ㣬ȳȥˡ
ţȥˣͻƵ쾳硣ͯڴ֮ɫ˵
һò˶ãڵֲҶ²һдۼӡǱһһ쳬һ죬ʱǵΪͻĸ죬ټҶС˵󣬱˳ȥ
һߣҶСһŸղŮӸղ˵ĻȻǶ׽ôԼҲԣSʡһҪҵƿ֮УѾˣȴѾвͨˡ
ҶСһǴSʡĸСسǿʼɨȻٴУӿԷֹΪڶʵĿꡣ
ڷеĸּѾ磬ʣµֶһ㣬Ȼܶ࣬ڸĿ궼ڴУͿСسЩСطӾ͸˷ᣬسСȫʵҲǿ󣬵ȻҪûи֣ٶҲһֽˡ
ǼʹҪܶ࣬һֳһЩִռ̣ڶĺӣҩˮԴΪǷëϴ裬һõĻŬѰһĲҩӿԴһЩлȡҩҺ
ҶСһ֮£һжڽܹнУԼһһ߹ע磬׼顣
նɱɽĵڶ죬ϴңҫķѣü嶼ʼУǺĳԼһ㶯õȫǺ֣֣ȫҪԷֹԷն׼ƻ
£Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣЩǧ꣬꣬߶಻ʤʹҲ֣ҲϣһЩ߶ѣ̫ˣһһ֯Ҳ޷
ʱľӢʼ˱չأǶ뾡ͻƵʥʥʼԺЩĸ໥⣬У¶ûԱ֮
Ůӿ֪ľ磬ҶСһѹȸиǿˣռжȻ񾳸ִڣϾϵͳѾ˲֪ж꣬ţ˵Ժ񾳸ֳǸʱ򣬿²Ĵҡ
ʱ̣ʱҲˣŬҪԼߵһһ뿪ڵŬΪԼΪߵЩˡ
ڶ죬ҶСһһɺ쳾һϿΣУ԰еĺ쳾֮ǺŨȴޱȣܹ
һڿθ£ԱˣҶСûϿΣѧӡ̣һ쾹ȻͿʼˣΪ೤ȻͷΣ⻹ˣͬѧôأ
䣬оҶСһ̹ѧΪ鷳һ
ԱңҶСĿʱһɣ״Ԫ״Ԫѧϰô棬же㰲οȻǿˣֲ֪
ҶСӣûдţĬĬ˳ȥ
֪ʱҶС濴ȫΪ˿ĿΣ治֪ʲôı顣
һڣ߲ȶȻʱԵȶѾᷢģĳͻˣȪеһˣˮ㣬ڴʱѰҸսǵʵһΡ
ֵһ\ľӣӴ\ľ۹ˣǲˣҶС硣
ǵĵһ˼ֻѾסͯӨʫС¡ޱҶС硢ľܿ㣬ټˣջӻԾ
\ľ۹˵ˣȪеĵϾͻƵ쾳磬ٶȼ죬ʵ¶ܹĸֶԿˣϾӵۣܶʽ߹һ۾ֱܹ֮쵽˼㣬οģսԸܵõԷһ˼άӶԷʲôѾ֪þǿΪѹƺľ۹ҪȻΪǿ߸ͲĶ֡


1185 ĵ绰
һڵʱ䣬ҶС綼ѧϰһڵʱ䣬ͽһеרҵ֪ʶˣʲôëšʲôʷȵЩۺ鼮ҶСһûп
ʱԵһµʶCܹãѾܹдһЩ򵥵ĳˣ֮ܶһĿγѾȫ͸ˣ˿ΪԺĿԵˡ
һ죬ҶСźʫޱһȥ֣ͻȻӵһ绰绰ûд绰룬ҶСһ֡
С磬ôӵ绰ҶС罫ֻóޱʵ
ֻûʾԷĵ绰롣ҶСЦЦ˵
ޱļ룬һʼʫܲˣΪޱ˺ҶС磬ҶСٴʹ࣬󣬸оޱȷʵǻڹˣʵΪҶС縶Ŷޱ̬Ⱥ
ǶԷר˵绰룬Ƚ˭ޱҶС˵ʱˣҶСͬ˸׷ĻᣬǹɳءԹϢȫʧˣȡ֮ഺĻ
ҶС翴һޱ˵ĸӣ˵绰
С磬𣿡ս绰һŮʹ˹Ǻܱ׼ͨһĨɬ
ҶСǳϤ
棿ôˣƺЩԡҶСɻʵ
ûʲôֻһ㡣еΪѵ˵
ң˭ңҶСиɻˣ뾿˭һϵòʹ⣬ûʶˡ
ң㡣ͻȻ䣬绰дһ䣬·𲻴һ˿ĸ顣
㣿ǣҶСʵƺЩϤһʱҶСȴû˭
ʱԷ˵֣񡣡
ҶС統ȻϤǰޱһ˫꣬ʱռϷ磬ƿһ壬ʴ䣬ǰ鱼ŵİޱ䡢߰ۿһ
ʲô£ҶС粻ʵ
һæ
òǹʱľ֣֪ιˣǰʵܹʥֶԿˣ񶼲֪Ϊָʲô磬ʲôҪԼæȻе벻ס
ΪҶС粻Ը⣬ٴ˵һæǷһ顣
ΪôߣܹʲôæҶС粻ʵ
˺֪ˣԸⲻԸ⣿ʵԼæǹһʢ˵ĸо
ҶСе΢΢ĲˬѾ֪ʱˣûкһʶҪȻƾ͹ҵ绰ˡ
ܲ˵ʲô飬ҿǿǣֻҪܹҵȻԸ㣬ҪѾˡҶС˵
ϣҿסʥ֣ҪȻҶС绹ᱻʥնɱϾɱ˼ΨһĶӣ˼ܹŭ
ֻһĬòŴնɱеͽһ˲ܹɱЩͽ
͸¶ɱ⡣
ãҴӦ㡣ҶСһڴӦսϲսԼԼΪǿҲһûᣬ˶٣ҶСʵֻЩ𣿡
һ飬Ҫ¹֣ľǿ󡣡˵
ðɣʲôʱ򣿡
ԽԽá
Ұ鴦ҶС˵
ıֱ˵һ䣬Ȼҵ˵绰·ԸҶС˵һ㡣
ҵ˵绰ҶСεЦһ£Ȼֻװ˿ڴУҪðæĿ¹֣æնɱͽֻ˳ġ
С磬˭ĵ绰ޱĿҶС磬ʫҲĿͶ˹˶˺ҶСͨһŮӡ
ŶҵһѣҰһæҶСЦЦ˵
òŮ˰ɣޱ΢΢е⣬ǰ㻹Ǹרһˣû뵽ô죬һӱһˡ
ޱеԹҶС翴ޱ˵ܲˣкί뿪͸˵ˣҲֹһŮˡ
ҶС绰ٿҶСӣޱɫ԰˼֣¶֮ɫС磬Ѿ˵ˣںжŮˣղֻǷпѡ
˵ţޱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
֪Ҳ˵һʵܲˣʱ뿪ҶС˵
С磬Ҫ뿪㶼ޱеʹĿҶС硣
ҶСûлش𣬴ѾȷˣޱҪ뿪ȻˣĻѾˣȥظǰ顣
ҶСû˵ޱ¶ʹ֮ɫ㻹ǽǰ飬Ҿ֪Ȼȥˣʫ䡣
˵꣬ޱ뿪ˣӨ£ҶС΢΢һʹ֪ޱѾıˣԼҲĵģЩ黹ǲܹȴ


1186 Ͷ
С磬㲻ö˵Ļޱ뿪󣬺ʫҶСȻ˵ҲĪıˡ
֪ҲǸһѡĻᣬĿһѡҶСĿƽ˵
ޱ֪ģ˵⻰ҲǷδȻһҧʮ¾ҲԼٴζĺ⵽ѡ
ൽʫϵƺе㲻ԾҶС΢΢һ㶣תۼ˹ЦЦӵסʫϸС˵룬ޱͬûҵ뿪Ҷɡ
ҶСĻܰԵʫޱȣһҸЦݣԴ΢࣬ҶСļϣ˿һСޡ
ףС磬ܹоޱҲܿ࣬ϣһᣬͬŮˣܹʫ˵
ûпҪʲôΨһһΣһ飬ҴӦ㣬ԺҪΪԼ룬ʲôҪ£һҪ˵ҶС罫ʫøˡ
ǸɵŮˣҶСԺʫϧ˼֡
ûʲôҪȥ£ֻҪ㲻鷳һֱߣҾˡʫ˵
ɵŮˣ㶼ô鷳أοٶҲܿ죬ò˶೤ʱܹͻƵ쾳ˡҶСһºʫС˵
ҶС˵ʫһ
˼ǰߣȪϱΪĽֵֵϢеŮӶű¶·ֱ˫¶棬һķ羰ߡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶС类һӰסˣһųɫпŮӣɢһɿ顢ʣҶСϤϤǸˣòȴһ㶼ͬһϴˡ
·ǲٿŤͷҶСʱŮ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ˹
û뵽ܹ㡣Ůӳ˵֮ͬΪĳܶ·˶ͷȥͶ͵Ŀ⡣
̣ôӣҶС⿴Ůʵ
ûŮӾ̣òͲòĳֶθıòҪȻԼòʾˣ·߲ˡ
ǲǺ⣿Цһʴ
ȷʵ̫ˣղſе㣬ûҽУϴˣû뵽㣬ô˴һ׼·ڶУҶСѯʵ
ߵʱҾ͸˵һҪУҪе·ҪǴŹŵ䳤ȹҾҪΪΧ۵ĶˡЦЦ˵ĿͶ˺ʫ¶һĨ͵ɫλŮѣ
ţҸǽһ£λҵѣɵ̣λǺʫҵŮѡҶСŮ໥ܵ
ʫôֺ֣ĺ䣬ܰˣҶе㶯ģһһҶС㡣̿źʫЦ˵
ƯܹоõҲ硣ʫҡҡͷ˵
ͲҪǫˣǶúƯҶС翴ЦЦ˵
ҶСĻ̿ҶСһۣŮѻ࣬޸̫ˣȻôŮԸ㽻
Ҳܹҽҵ޸̫ˡҶС翪Ц˵
Ŭ׷ң˵Ǹܡ̿ҶС磬âֿЦĳɷ֣еζ
ǺǣҿԺ뵱صˡҶС˵֪ɽأɵűǴϾ֮òܹ˿ο˽顣
ѾδصʸЩѾûˡȻЦһ£ЦһĨᣬһĨΡ
δŵʸôһ£ҶС粻ʵ
غɽɶڵϸޱȣǶԱѡ˵δŸϸΪѡ˵δţòʾˣһκϵĽӴҪȻͻᱻδŵʸ񣬵ȻҲᱻŵʸŹϸޱȣܵˣǳڱɵӵԭ
Ҫ𣬲Ϊ֪òԭҽ㴫ʦʦǾϲ֣˵ԺʲôѴһ֮ڶ죬ʦԵ޹ʵɽ쳾Ұ˳Ϊδŵʸ񣬾ԭҲ֪Ϊʲôҡҡͷ˵
ػ⡣ҶС˵ʲô㣿
ûʲô㣬ǰ˵ߺң뵽Ȫж飬ڿûеطȥڴֻһѣֻܹͶˡ̿ҶС˵
ǺðһڣܹһæϱױܴסȥһڷԣڣôѰɣҶСЦ˵


1187 ΰĺʫ
ҶСĻ̵ҶСһۣʲôһڣҰڣѵҳʣ˵ķ
׵ģⲻǸҶСǺһЦ˵ˣ֪ô
ҶС;еǷϾ̫ˣ˼ҵɴ˭֪һɴ˼ŮӾȻôҪ֪ǲҲͬһ㱻ϳδŵݣĻҲʹˡ
ʲô̺ĿҶС磬ͻȻ䣬¶һɫˣԴԵʱҾ͸о֮е㲻ԾòǰǸ˰ɣ
ҶСһͷۣŮ˻ܹ룬Ȼһ뵽֮ϣ˼άһ˻ϣװһɻʵʲôǸˣ
ҶСʻһ΢΢һ죬ҧһ촽˵Ů֮°
ף֣żܹ죿ҶС綢̵һʵ
ⲻǼҵҲֶ΢һ¶ѡ̱ҶС綢ſе㲻˼һһ飬ҶСʵ㻹û˵֮ǲķ飬ҪȻͲô졣
Ů˻УȻˣҶС
ЦЦҶС˵㻹ܹ룬֮䲢ûзʲô
ֱӸҶСһŵ
žˣôȥ롣ҶС֪ЩԽԽǽͲȻСҲܹ֪Ͼ˺ܲͷ֪ˣٴμֻ໥ڽȥ
ˣҲˣֻҪ׾Уǲǻѧʵ
ţѧͲûʲôôǲҲ׼ѧҶСʵ
Ǹ򣬲ûá˵˶ʵŮһѧУ
ûУѧڽͨѧʲôҶС翴ʵ
Ҳûʲô˼룬ŮѷѧУͲ黨ǲݣ̿˿ҶС磬ȻĿͶ˺ʫϡ
ܺ棬һ·ҶС˵ʫһֱؽԴҶСļϣǾûҶС˵һ㣬Ů綼ˣ󷢣Ǻʫһֱֵĺƽ治ѡ
ѵоһ黨ǲݵˣҶСʵ
ʫ¶˵Цݣ·˵ҶСһ黨ǲݵˡ
ǣôôŮӣ̿ҶСʵ
ͲˣԵۡҶСƽ˵
ԵֻࡣƳҶСһۣȻĿͶ˺ʫʵѵһ㶼ҶС߻бŮӣ
ţһѣҾϲһ˾ΪöԷ֣С֣ܿҾ֪ˣοСңһʲôġʫϹҳһ˿Ҹ΢Ц
ʫĻ̸оŮ˼ֱ̫ɵˣһŮӲϣԼϲȫȫĶԼãȥͱŮüȥںʫһ֪仹ɵŮˣҶС绹и
е㲻ʵĿźʫʵ̫ƽˣѵͲԼĺ͵õĸͲɱ
̵ĻʫһЦ˵ϲһ˾Ͳں٣õ٣鲻ǹƽĽףֻ̰鷳ԼԼʹˡ
⻰̵ĺݺݵһû뵽һͨŮӾȻܹ˵ĻʫһһصԺС
̣ҶСҲһڲ֪ʫԶ۵ŮǶôΰ󣬲ѾԸ֪
ҶСǽؽʫ˻УзһҪԺʫãܹܰί
ҶСĶʫ¶һ˿֮ɫ
˵̣ǲɢҺʫҿǼʫᶨƣҪȻᱻһ˵ҶȥҶС˵
С硭ʫҶСһ£Ҫ˵̡
ǸĿһҶС磬ɬһЦҸղֻǺһ£û뵽ŮѸûܵκӰ죬Լһ˵ΪԼ̫̰ˡ
˵꣬̾һȻҶС˵ŮУɲҪ˺ҪȻһͷ
ҵȻ˺ʫҵıҶСرźʫ˵
̳Ĭû˵һĲɵӣ˼Ÿղźʫһɣ
һ·һֱСʱʱĵطѾٷˡ
ǻȥɣѾûˡҶС˵
˵˵ͷ
תʱͻȻ䣬ҶСж⡣


1188 ޱ
˿ȥֻһŰֽƿն̺ǿûɣһŰֽһܹһ˵Դն
һŰֽҪҶСǰʱһɢΧĿռ΢΢Ťγһ
һŰֹֽǰһҺ˱Ƚ٣ҪȻһĻñ˿ˣ¶ΪҶС칦ܡ
ҶСһץһŰֽͳУͷȥһŰֽдһ֣ޱϣҪˣͼϵط
һʱëдԾĩŷ֮һ֪Ǹ˵֣˵ֻ϶ǷâǵѾѾ͸˺ܶණ豹档
һһֻĵͼӵͼϿԷָʾķȪжһС
̺ͺʫֽϵݣʫ¶һ˿ģһĨЦ⣬˵ĵ˻治١
С磬ȥȾޱɣȻղǲ˵һ仰˵ĻҲе֣ô˵ϲ㣬Ҫ˺ϲˡʫҶС˵
֪ҶС˵ͷʫ˵֪ʵرޱȥΪ뿴еĵ˵˭
һʼյţʼղʲô¡
ҪҰæ𣿡̿ҶСʵ
ţҽʫͻȥǵİȫȥָĵطһˡҶС翴˵
ãڣûܹ˺̱֤
лˡҶС˵һ䣬˾ʧˡ
ҶСʧ󣬺ʫ¶һĨ֮ɫĿͶ̣ʵС᲻ʲôΣգ
ӦòᣬʥһĸֶĶ֣Ҫ˺ֻһЩϼһˣõģЩϼһǲҳֵġ΢΢һЦ˵
߰ɣҪΪģһ첻Ļһȥ˵ҶСһ㶼ģҶС絭ʵ֪ģΧ¶Ҫ
һλֵľ棬ѾûϼһҶСˣЩϼһﲻ֣ûܹնɱ
̵Ļʫŵ˵ͷ˲١
̱źʫȥںʫָʾ۪ˮǱȥ
ȪжԼĪٹ⣬һС͵죬һɺɵģСԲĹֵںϺܳǴڲ˶೤ʱͻû
һϣïܣкܶ档
쿴ţˣȴһָĸоȴ˵
룬һȫľͷĶ¥һ¥ڣһѪɫ۴źɫ֮ɳϿŵӣſֲƬѪȱĳŵòǵ⾪ƵӰƬ
ҽѪһֲĻ棬Ѫɫ˿ĽζǲǴӲ輸ϵץףǳĿ룬ԿԵľ׽š
һ˿ѪȵĵӰ¶ܹ³ƫƫĽζⲻɵ֣̬
šͻȻ䣬һ֮ɳɳһŮӣŮų㷢ϻۣüĿһʹ
Ľë˶Ȼ˫Ŀ˫Ŀ¶һĨɻ֮ɫԼô
ǵΪĺʹԭȥ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ͻȻǰһʧȥ־ȴ
ûŮӾޱ
İĻгһ˿־壬ܿ˶ѪɫˣΪɳѪɫԷҲѪɫۣϸͷֲ˶Է
˭Ϊһޱʵ
ʵΪȻġѪɫɳ˵аһĨĺ⣬һ˿Ͳм
ΪʲôҪôޱ΢΢ʵоǰ˺ܿ£һֻײеһ㣬ܶԷûнжҶһֺ
ߣȻù㣬뿴ǲں㡣Ѫɫ˵
仰ޱɫ䣬Ŀдһ˿ҺͿ־ʵ˭ҪСʲô
С磿㻹еУҿɼǵҶС磬һҪŮˣھȻһǲ֪ܡѪɫź⣬ɳƵһɳŪķŭ
ǰ£ҵĲԣҶԲҪ㾡ȥޱ¶һĨᶨжԲҶС˼ļᶨ
ޱһӣѪɫɢһɱ塢ײСѪȵƣޱҺöԷϵֻһš
Ϊܹ˵㻹һĽٵŮˣΪǮͱʹ޵ľŮ˵ıѣпԭ𣿡ѪɫſЦһ˵


1189 ѪɫǺ־ǿ
ԭҵģѾӦˣһ׷Ļᡣ֪ΪΣʱޱвٺˣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ˡһԹŮ㲻Ǵ֮ҶС绹Ҫ𣿡Ѫɫŭһ䳰ȷ
ҲǴ֮ҲȥΪѾûʸ㾿˭ޱǰŭ쳣ʵ
㾹Ȼ˭Ѿһɶ˵顢Ϸ壬ӺϷӶ硣Ѫɫһ䣬Ҳɳˣܹ˵
㵽˭һޱͷһԷϤֻһʱû˭ұ֤ԷһϤˡ
ѾˡѪɫбų⣬ǻǵأͬ˳һ㡣
ۡܲסƣޱһѪ
ھ㿴Ҿ˭Ѫɫ˵ŨŨĺ⣬˵ժڵߣ¶һ˵ףһϲޱȡ
㣿ޱһʱ˳ܣô㣬㲻Ѿ𣿡
һϤףޱܲŵ˵
ûȥһӵ˾书ĳҪһˣҶСһѪɫ֮ҧݺݵ˵
ҶСĿһ㣬ҫ۵ĴүҶСһУ˷˵ʹ࣬ϴΣҶС׷ɱȻ˴Ĺˣ޸˺üŻָ˹ϵζҶСУܴܹܵˡ
СʲôޱһƬңΪҶСġ
ˣ㶼Ѿҵ˻ΪģôϲʹǺһҲѪɫ֮˺еǷŭѪɫ˫ĿжȼһƬ档
ߣҾôˣޱЦһ˵
ΪʲôΪʲôҪȻﻹΪεҪһҾһ㲻һСӣҪʲôûʲôһ־ֳĶӣҪʲôûУ㣬һұȲ
һ㶼ȲϣȻȴаǣܹо԰Ϊ˳ʵҺ񣬲㣬ޱȣӲΪĿĲֶΣҰֵİɣ㻹˭Сһ㶼ǿ㣬һΪں޵¡ޱ¶˻ں޺ͳ֮ɫ
Ѫɫ˴һɫ˫Ŀ¶һ˿֮ɫٺ٣Ϊڵûռ㣬Ҳ٣ҵ뿴ѾˣҶСǷ񻹻ԭ㡣
˵Ѫɫ˴ɳվޱһһȥ¶˳֮ɫһɷ
־ǿҪʲôҪ־ǿĻޱһң¶һĨ֮ɫ֪Լıǰ˷ˣҶСԽԼˣȲ˵ҶС磬Լܲˡ
û˾ĺ־ǿںû껯һʹӵһĪΪ˷ǰĿ⣬ǱҶС硣
㺦ˣĺˣ־ǿЦһޱȥ
Ҫޱһվ׼ȥ
ܲ˵ġ־ǿЦһһץޱͲĺˣһӱץ˹ȥ
־ǿһޱĶͱ׵˺˿¶˰ɫ£֮һСѩ׻Բ¶˳ϸļ
Ǻģü治֪ĸҶСôģô˻㣬òĸаɣȻ˾ȻҴɣ־ǿѪɫ˫Ŀ¶
־ǿޡޱһ˫˾Ө顣
˵ûҾһޡ־ǿ˿ûٻޱĻָޱļϻ滬塭ҶеȲˡ
һκ־ǿޱĳȹ׵˺
Ҫޱֵı˵
ģҶСһӶ޸ܡ־ǿѪɫâ΢΢һޱ˿ˡ
㡭ޱϽ˫ֱסز顣
־ǿſһЦޱǰһԻԲץȥ
ʱŵŵšһŲ־ǿֹͣ˶ֻһ
־ǿ˵ˣѾˣҶСò˶þͻǰ
ܺãȥɣú׼һӭѡ־ǿѪɫâ˵
ǣˣһ׼׵˹˵¶һĨɫ
˵꣬ˡ
־ǿŤͷ˿ޱЦһ˵ҶСһҪˣ֪ҶСۿƸʲôĸܣ
־ǿɱҡޱ˻
ʱѾɥʧжҪɱѾˣԼ֮ܵ衣
Ҳɱ㣬ҪҶСǰ㡭־ǿ˵¶֮ɫ


1190 תɱ
û㲻ɱΪ㲻ܡں־ǿ¶ֿ֮ʱͻأ䣬һ
һһӰͻȻֽޱ˻УΪڵס˱¶Ҫλ
һӰ־ǿ˫ĿбѪɫâ޺޵ҧһһĿŶҶС˵ҶС磬㡭
Ȼˣû뵽Ѫɫ㣬ûҶС翴ź־ǿ˵
Ѿ֪ˣ־ǿҶСʵʱоԼһС󣬱ΪҶС粻֪׼ҶСһϲû뵽ԷѾ֪ˣˣҶСͻȻƻļƻ
ʱҪҶСǰޱѾ첻ˣһ뵽ϱ˿ֲһΧ֣ͬѪһ㣬Ϊֲ塣
ܺ־ǿƴʢҶС·˿ܵӰ죬һƵӡ
ǰҲǻѣֱڼ֪Ȼ㡣ҶС΢΢һЦ˵˿еޱԼϰɣ
лл㣬С硣ޱм˵ˮǸжǻں޵ˮӹȥҶСĳϣ·ǹϤζޱůůģʲôپˡ
ӣ־ǿǼ֮ɫĺ
ҶС磬ļգǷҵģͳͳҪߵЩŮȫչˣ־ǿ޺޵ĿһҶС磬ĴЦ
ߣֻҪǸ¡ҶС粻м˵಻־ǿΪѾ˰ʥ磬ԼĶ֣ǰҪնɱ־ǿҪһ򣬲â֮Ϊ֮壬ʵǷâ֮ĹΪˣͲº־ǿ
ȻǸˣһרΪƵģΪ˼һû뵽㾹ȻôˣҲãȻҾͳȫ㣬һԹޡ־ǿɫ˵·ҶСѾ֮ˣûдĿܡ
ǺǣһתɱΪһСܹɱңҶСЦһ¶һ˿м֮ɫ
ҶСĻ־ǿɫ䣬𾪵ĿҶС磬㡭Ȼ󷨣
㶼󷨣ΪʲôҾͲأҲ֪һתɱ󣬻֪󷨵ȱҵͻȻӦôļƻɣҴⲿ㷢ƣҵĿ󷨵ԽԽ󣬵û뵽һô죬һӾ͵ڲҶС絭˵
ҶСһģ־ǿɫԽԽѿҶС˵ĻҶС˵ĶʵҶС紦شܵ󷨵Ĺֻԭ߷֡
ߣˣҲܹԿġ־ǿ˵
˫ĿбһѪɫâ
תɱ󣬿־ǿһѪɫâڱ˷ȥЩâǴĳֿһ㣬СͻȻζһ紵Ǵǿĸʴԣһľ¥һӾͱɢˣ־ǿӰ֪ʱѾʧˡ
ҶСΧɫâתޱ˰Уվһþ޴ľϣĿΧ
ͷҫ죬ǣȴޱȣֺ䲢Ƕ˵ļֱӽڣ˵Ĺ⣬˵꣬ǾתɱĿֲ֮еĹȶתΪ
ԽԽʢգڵס̫죬ʱ䣬˺ڰС
£ͲˡоޱеĲҶС˵
ţҲ£ҾͲ¡ޱ˵ͷ˵Ȼ˵ģ˫ֻǽץҶСһֻ֡
ҶС硭úóתɱɣ־ǿƮ·Ǵ˷һ㡣
һССĲȱȫľתɱҸûзҶС粻м˵УĽҪȺ־ǿչֵǿĶ࣬Ķ࣬õ󷨸ͲȫҪȻҶСҲ˵ӵĴ󻰡
ߣȻȱȫǣҲܹԸˣۣɱ־ǿһ
һϵ绯Ϊ˵ķ絶ҶСն˹
絶ûп͸о궼ˣ˵ǿֲޱȡ
Ĵ󡣡ҶС˵ΧĹâӲˣޱϷɱ춼һ顣
ҶС磬ζôĻ̫ˣܹʲôͱܡ־ǿſ˷
׳աҶС³֣쳹ϡ
ҶСڵϷɱΪ˶ЩγɵĵУ뽫鿴һҳ֧ŴĹؼλȻƻ
м¼ԭһЩصĽܣȴûоĽܣҶСֻܹԲ鿴һȻҳ


1191 ıƻ
ҶСһ˫ѾΪɫһɫĹâ滹һһεͿУ̫֮
һ̫֮ļ룬ҶС˫ĿпΪأ·ܹ͸еذ
ҶС˫Ŀɨһо۵ףǶȻһһӿ˾תɱҪתλ
һСоСɽСɽʾŹ֮У̺µҶСܹоɹǴСɽɢġ
ޱٵĳһСɽ·ǲҶСľٶ־ǿٴδ˷Ρ
һСΪңЩ۳һΣЩӰʣ·ֳ绯ҶС˹赲ҶС硣
ơ
ҶСһĳӿȵɫâӿ۳һֻ޴ƣһֻ޴ƣڸعᴩ˿ռ䣬Ϊޡ
ʱȻ䣬һÿľεض𣬻Ϊ˾޴ļҶС̺Īơ
ľҶС޷ܡ
һͥڵ񾧱˲õĹâԭ
ҶСƬУɫĻ棬Щɢżµ¶ȣΧն¶Ӱ΢΢Ť·Ҫһ㡣
ľγɵļɫ棬˲ȼܣһء
ҶС磬С㣬û뵽㾹Ȼƿ˻صĿ湻־ǿ쳹ܡ
Ͷɣҿܹ㵽ʲôʱ򡣡ҶСЦһ˵ػ棬һӾͷɵһСɽǰ档
ǡҶСովСɽǰʱѳһѷ
һ߾߰׹ǴѷžãǵȼѪɫĻ棬а֮۳ϡ
ɢǿƣžⶼǰʥǿߣʵǿޱȡ
ɱؼһһ־
žúǽܵĳһ㣬ҶС˹ӶеĻû
ȭһȭҶСǰ߳һСڲøߴޱȣͬľأϢ硣
ؼ۳һֻ޴ȭӰȭӰŻ֮صĴ֮ȭӰĿռգޱȡ
䡣޴ɽѵӣ֮ɳʯľȫݻ١
ҶСȫһȭһ£žֱӱ飬һСˡ
ءһѪɫâһСɽɢؼ䡣
һƬռеŨ˺ܶ࣬۳εʵҲǴΪֻ죬ʵ˺ҶС硣
ƳһǰڸӲɱҶСˡ
СĳһطѪɫ۵ĺ־ǿվڸߴĿѪɫâЩͲܹ赲סǵߡ
ҶСԾǿʵƳһСɽ־ǿһѿ֮ΪԼΪٶѾˣ̶̵ʱ䶼ﵽ˰ʥ磬û뵽ҶСΪҲΪôࡣ
ҶСֳĹ»Ƕ֣ʵԽܡ
ˣõģһһ֣ô뵽ʱһ˹˵
⻰־ǿɫźÿ˺ܶ࣬˵Ĳǻһ֣ٺ٣ҾͲλŪҶС磬ʵʳѰ
󷨿סҶС೤ʱ䣬ǻ׼ˣһҪ־ǿһ֮ɫ˵
ˣѾһ׼ֻҪƻɹҶСҲӡ깧˵
ܹշ£ֻҪģϲٻ£Ҫʲôʲô־ǿƻ
ллˣһĹĶˣȫȫΪ˳ıߡϽ˵
ˣҪңҪȻʲô֪ģߡ־ǿһ
ѪĹ־ǿԴ䣬еֱ޷Ŵ˱ñ塢̡޶ΪĿĲֶΡ
ʱҶСޱһСɽɱȥÿһСɽǰһȭͽ⡣
һСɽƳϵԽԽͣɫҲָ
䡣
һ췢𶯣һСɽķϳϵȫȻʧȵк£ǹֱ֮ӱɢ
еĲľ»Ϊɹ̣ץۼ䣬ŵĵͱΪ˹ͺͺĵ죬һ˿ⶼûС
еĻľУеĻľΪֲһգȫȻⶼ֮С
ı仯ҶСĪıˣ·𿴵ޣ˱һʹĸоʱ似Դ֣һ˵ĸоǾͲһ˿˿ȴôץס
˺þãҶСûץסһ˿ͷ̾һŷˣʱδɣǿá


1192 ͻ1
ҶС˫Ŀгų·˲񷣬ҫأĿͶ˾һǧĵطվĵӰ
־ǿĹâŷѪɫâҶСĿײһһεӿҰ紵𣬻ɳ죬һƬƻһƬɳĮ
С㣬û뵽㾹Ȼҵľתɱ󡣡䶨ʱ־ǿҶС˵һ
Ҳתɱ֡ҶСƲƲ˵ǲм
㡭ҶСĻ־ǿɫޱȣ˫Ŀеŭܹγʵʡ
ҶСޱǰ̤˲ͳ˺־ǿǰʮ״
ò˵Ķʵ㲼õ󷨲ȱȫԭİٷ֮һûСҶСٴδ
Ҫܹ󷨲ó㻹лĻ𣿺־ǿȴһ仰û˵
ҶС翴һۺ־ǿȻĿͶ˺־ǿߵһλϣĿȻųĹââٶ֮죬޷˲䶼ǰҶСһ䲻Ĺ˭û뵽
ƺһ֮ԶѪ
ҶС磬ʲô˼־ǿĿ䣬һʵ
ôʱˣ㻹ô׳գⲻҪ֣ǶҵĵˣҶʲôԣҶС練һ䡣
־ǿƿԣҶСһ仰˵Ĳ֪˵ʲôá
ʱҶСٴνĿͶ꣬ǽЦɣû뵽ܺͺ־ǿһ𣬻ʺͷһԡ
ûǽЦıߣν˹֣ƾԼֶ˳ӣЦȴˣ˶õӦеĳͷȴˣû뵽ȴ
ˣҶСɱ¶ȻѾ־ǿˣΪ˺־ǿѪūΪﵽصľ磬ҶСԶˣҶС粻Сˣ˵ǻۿޱȣ˭֪ڲʲô塣
ҶСо
ߺߣ֪ҶС磬˵ͷ᰹ϵӣ֮Ѿĳֹϵ꣬Ҫһ£û뵽ȴôܡЦǼ֮ɫ˻˵Ҫͻ»صҵĻ
ƾҲܹɱңҶС¶һĨмǰ߳һһֱƬУְԾصչ¶š
ҶСɢƣ־ǿɫһ䣬óޱȣ˷ҶСչ¶ϿҶСΪȸղչֳĻҪǿǸԶһۣ˴˶֪ҪԴҪȻ﷭˴Ͳˡ
ȭϺҶСһȭգӿȭͷɫۼ̺ǿֲ
һȭһȭʵض·ûз磬Ҳûг̫µͶʧˣؼֻһȭ
һȭĵնҪˣ޷֮Կΰ
Ѫӿء־ǿһѪɫ޷ԹģһͷȫȻΪѪɫаȡ
ӶѪۣһѪӺأ·ҪСûһ㣬Ѫ̺Żص
Ѫһ˱־ǿץУӿڵѪСγһѪɫޣӶռ䶯ң·Ƭգռ仯Ϊޡ
žһ죬أͬǴ¡¡֮־ǿеѪɫ޳ҶСһȭȥŷΰ໥ײ
һӣһСΧĺƽ涼½˽ףȫȻǱֲӰ졣
ҶСͬɽǰȻƾЩжôֲ־ǿߵ˺ʮɣ˺һ
һ֮£ʵ־ǿҶСĶ֡
ҶС磬Ϊжôǿ󣬽컹һ־ǿȫѪâ˶Ѫɫâͬħ䣬а񣬷·Ҫ˼е顣
еѪɫһ˦ҶСݺݳռŤͬһ㣬ƥһ޳鵽ϣҪˡ
Ⲣ˵־ǿΪжôǿģѪɫ̺޷Ŀֲ
ҶСŲ̤¶һ˿Ц⣬ӰƬؼ䣬ЩӰȫҶСӰ
һʱ䣬־ǿͷֲһҶС
еѪɫ޺һ㣬ӰӺǲһ顣
Ĺþ֮ʱͻأ䣬оѪɫ޲ԼˣĿһֻҶСһץסѪɫ޵һˣѪɫʧ
־ǿɫ䣬ʧôܣôܹץס۳ɵĳޣ
ûʲôܵġҶСЦһ˵ɫѸתѪɫڹɹɾޱȵ˳ڡ
־ǿɫΪ¡
һþȫһ飬ûг鶯Ѫɫ޵һ˺ǳҶСһ㣬ô鶯Ѫɫ޾˿


1193 ͻ2
оѪɫеʧԽԽˣ־ǿ¶һɷ֮ɫ
־ǿĴһѪɫȻͣըˣŷϵΰɱըȵʮʥһǿһֲޱȡ
һѪӿǺ־ǿģ̺ΪҶСר׼һ
ҶСɫһ䣬ϽȥҪǱһѪӱըײҪˡ
־ǿ˫Ŀк·͸ɱըϹҳһ˿Цݡ
֣֡ŹĹâһâޱȣһ˫ѪɫоȻޱĵӰ
ֵҶСɫеޱ¶һĨ֮ɫһĨ֮ɫûгһӵʱ䣬ȻʧˣӱѪޱȣ鱩ײУͺ־ǿһģһ
ʱҶСѾоޱԾˣǳˣ˾̫ˣ޷ܡ
ֻޱһѰɭɭذ׺ݺݵĴ̽ţһɾ޴ӿڣƻṹ
ͬʱѪӱըӿ˹ͺһֵһҶСһҧɫâųޱ˦ԶԶġ
䡣Ӵƥײ˹һӽҶСƷ˳ȥ
ۡҶСһѪݺݵ˵ϣȻˡ
ҿѾ֮壬ҪȻƾܹԻֱҪ
ҶС磬벻ɣ벻ޱٴα㣬־ǿſĴЦһƵóѵӡ
ҶС粢ûлشĻվһߵѪͷ˿Լһذס
ɻѣѾ֮ˣȻܹһذ˺ɼذ׼Ϊ
ǲǺɻذôܹ壿־ǿһһ˹ߵҶСǰʮ׵ķΧͣ
ҶСû˵־ǿԹ˵֪ʵޱȣרΪһذףһذǧ쾳ļ׵ɵģ̺޷⣬жôǿ󶼻ᱻˣֻû뵽ǣ˽ĸǿҪȻͽƾһͻˣá
־ǿĻҶС˫Ŀⱬ䣬ɫתذڲ̺ĴƻɫǿޱȣȫЩʱǰһУҲзĵˣǿΧ֮£ûʱȥڵǹЩƻ˵ëų
ɫϵ޸ڵƣʱܵʵ̫ˣʱڸ޷Ȭ
ҶСֽǰǱɭɭذװһ£һѪӿҶСǿ޸֮£ֹͣѪ
һذףҶСŤͷԶޱʱޱ˵ϣ˹ȥղŽޱ˦ȥʱ˳ԡ
ɣҶС֪ޱǹģ֮Իˣ϶ܵ˺־ǿĿƣȻʹޱȡ
ޱ־ĻԺ𣬡С磬֪Һܺãǲʣ㻹Ұɣ
ǵԼޱͺ־ǿһʱޱ˵Ļ
ʹĥľˡʹ࣬һĨ黳
ʱһθоޡˣؼ䰧Ұ֮ڿڱˣЩѩᣬǵصʹޡ
ҶСͥɫâʢһӰͥռγɣš似ЩӰÿһŲͬľ似
ʱҶСյ似һȫµ˽⣬ͥӰ·ںе似һںϡ
ޱһζ֣Ĵ̼ҶС磬صһöӣʱںϰټԼĹ
ˣɱܹȥˣҪȻָҪԸˡʱЦߵ־ǿǰ˵
־ǿ˵ͷое΢΢Ĳе㲻׼ϽնɱҶС磬ҹζࡣ
ɱ־ǿһѿôӵصѪƣͷڲγ˾Ѫܣޱȣǵڲ̺ǿлӶŹǵҶС翳ȥ
Źǵӿȥؼγʮɳĵâ־ǿҲ˹ȥҶСй
ҪҶС糹׽
ҶСĹԽԽ־ǿϵЦԽԽŨңѾ˵ҶС͵סһǷ·𿴵ҶСǵĹлҷĳ
ʱͻأ䣬ҶСϱŷ˿ֲķâ֮Ӱڲź־ǿһ˳ȥ
ҽ˱ֲıӰն飬־ǿЦ嵹˶һˡ
û˿ƣЩͷӲȫҪȻ־ǿǾԻˡ
һĻ־ǿɫѿޱȣΪɹڼȴû뵽Ȼıʡ
ЦɫҲÿ


1194 ͬ
Цƻٴαˣһ
ˣҪ٣ǻлᣬѾˣ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䣬ͣ赲ĻֻԽԽءЦ˫Ŀž˵
ЦĻ־ǿסضҶС磬ɱ졣
ɱٴҶС繥ȥεĹ֮һҪǿܶ౶
͵ҶСȥʱԶ赲סɿֲ
ʱһɫâҶСУɿֲǸײڰɫĹϣ¡¡֮ȴûлɫĹ֡
·ǲҶСûΣգЩֽҶСڡ
ôǣҶСĻɫôͻȻΪ˰ɫ־ǿɫĺе
һδοҶСҪնɱÿһζⷢͺ첻ҶСһ㣬־ǿʢѪɫâӿ졣
ɱɱҾͲһ˵ֶܹá־ǿŭȼգһҶСİɫֹȥ
ʱޱŵҶСĳڴ̽һССĿɰԴһ׹ϷҶС磬ǿҶСɫֵǿȡ
С˿ҶС磬Ȼ˿ޱˮĿɰ۾¶һĨɻ󣬿ޱΪʲôҪҶС綯֡
䡭ƥĹҶС繥ȥǲܹŰɫ֡
ʱƣ־ǿԽԽ޲ҶСǣʵİɫ֣ҲΪ
ܹһɫ֣˺ҶС硣
þȫ־ǿĺе
Цһ֮ɫļƻٴҪʧˣϴΪûдҶСĺ̨ʧܣһλһǸͲ֪ҶСʵʵ͵ƾͶ֣ʧġ
Ҳ䣬μƻһҪɹЦкеȫĹ
ʱԼֶεҶС羡֪淢飬û׼֣ΪʱѾؼʱ̡
ұ־ǿҲȥԼԽԽ¶֮ɫҶС˹ȥƮİ׹ȼһĻֻ漫Ϊ䣬̺Ÿʴа֮
ó嵽ҶСǰʱը˿һȵĳԵĴŸʴԵݺݵײ˰ɫϡ
СΪҶС緢İɫ־ҶҪˡ
ѾҪˣһɫĹ֧Ų˶೤ʱˡҶСΧǲҡҡ׹Ҫˣ־ǿ¶һĨ˷ܣֵѾԤʾҶС罫Ҫնɱ
ϧʧˣǲֿҪˣ㲻ͣعӵʱ䣬ǲֻǿ֧š
־ǿһʱһĳ嶯Ǹڹǣôƣʵޱȡ
־ǿﲻܣСҲܣڵѾʣ޼ˣ֧Ų˶೤ʱҶСǲ־Ҫˡ
СޱȣҪҶС磬Ǵ֪һԼ֣Щ˾ͻֳһֶԸԼʱҶСֻܹĬĬΪҶС֧Ź֡
ʮӵʱСڲˣһήңĿҶС磬һ취ҲûУڵѾþˣֻҶСԼˡ
䡣һҶСΧǲɫâˡ
һĻ־ǿſĴЦҶСջҪ
ҶСһ֣־ǿҲľ޴
ɱ־ǿһһʮ㣬˼ϣ·ϣǰ
һѪɫҶСײȥ
һѪɫԽԽ־ǿϵЦԽԽŨЦҲһǷ·𶼿ҶС类ĳ档
СеĽ֮ɫȴԽԽŨˣǶҶСĵġ
ѪɫҪҶСǰʱҶСͻȻ˫ĿһɢӿȵѪɫֱɢɢؼ䣬·ûгֹһ㡣
һĻ־ǿϵЦˣЦסˣСɰ۾Ĺâ»ص˿ڴС
ôܣôܣ־ǿʧ˵ƳҶСİɫǣĹܹʥһ۷ֵĹҶС˵״̬͵ֵסҶСȴֵסˣǳԾޱȡ
ܣ㲻ôͻָԣûлָϵϢȻңҵҪܹסٹ־ǿ˫ĿѪɫâһ֮ɫ
ɱɱҾֵܹס־ǿеҶС˹ȥǱ־ǿţͼԱԱشҶС硣
ҾͲ㻹ܲ־ǿҧ˵
һŵġҶСĿƽĿź־ǿ˵ûпˡ
ͬҶС绺ĸ֡


1195 ޷Ļ
ĸֵҶСһ䣬һɱ֮ؼ䣬˫ĿҲ¶˵ʹǶԼ˵ʹǶıʹ
˫ǰлޱȵĹ켣һ켣ͺǴ˹˿ߣӡۡ
Щ켣ĻҶСԽԽ԰ףһɹĲΧӡ
εıؼ乲·Ϊؼĵࡣ
Σޱߣֹ֮ʱҶСشһ㣬ȥȻͣѪֹϢ΢־ǿͽЦҲһѪ
һ֮ɫĿҶС磬ʱǳ׵ĸо˿־塣
ҶСĹŸոʩչǾѾˣȫʩչ֪жôֲ
죬ɫĳȻϢĻƮ䣬ǵĻ䣬Ƕŵ׷
һҽ˰ɫ꣬ǵ徹ȻˣͬǱѩһڡ
һĻ־ǿͽЦб־ˣﻹͣҪնɱҶС˼ʧӰ٣˵ΪҪ
ܣϽܣͬʱ뷨Ŷߵķȥ
ҶСϳһĨΣⲻɬĺΣѪĺΣ˫ٴλؼһԲʮڵĿռ䶼ھҵĶ
ҽ漴ӰɢƬռ䣬־ǿ뽭Ц֪
ۡҶСٴһѪɫ԰ֽήҲһʽֻһ룬֧ˣֻܹͣ
һʽϣܵ˾޴ķɣϼϣοղǿдһʽܵе˺
˿ܣ־ǿͽЦӰҲܲǵϢҶС֪˶붼ûнЦڣһὫҵĺ·ǽȥ
ҶСŲޱȥ
⣬̫ˣȳޱûв鿴ޱǷ񱻿ˡ
ߵޱǰҶСǿϵʹ࣬˫Ŀɫâޱͥڴ˽ȥ
ޱͥһѪɫģһѪɫģޱܵ˺־ǿĿơ
ɫУһӱɢѪɫģһѪɫŷ˳ҶСɫȫסȻˡ
ջ˫ĿеĹâҶСѪһؼȵҶСӿ˹뵽ڣ޸ڵƣָ;
šʱޱзһĽëգһ£Ȼ˫Ŀ
˫ĿЩãƬͽĿͶҶС磬ҶСǲסѪʱ󾪣ϽסҶС硣
С磬ôˣҪҡޱſǻĵĿҶС硣
û£һͺˡҶС絭һЦ˵һ
ޱΪҶСĲǵѪͻȻ䣬סˣҶСϵһѪ
ʱһԺУֳذ׺ݺݴҶСŵһĻ
Ѫ罦ޱʹһ˫ֽץסԼĳ촽ҧŵγѪܵ˾޴Ĵ
׼ºҶС翪ʼʱͷԺԲ˺ҶС磬ҲҶСܵκʹ࣬ҶСκʹתƵԼϣʱȻذ״̽ҶСţһ˺ҶС硣
һ飬һ壬ʱȫ޷ܡ
ҪⲻĴǺ־ǿ㡣ҶС΢΢һЦο
ô˵˺㣬Ǹ֮ˡޱһʹ֮ɫӨһſ¡
ޱȣڽֵС뿪ҶС磬Ͳᱻ־ǿץߣҲͲҪЮҶСǰҶСҲͲˣһжĴ
ޱĵӣҶС΢΢һ̾ٴΰοҪѾˣҲûãο³綼Ҫģ־ǿѾ㣬˲ҪˣҿΧ޸һơ
˵ţҶСͱ۾޸ϵƣҶСûпޱΧô˵ޱתһעˣҪ
ҶСĻޱȻ˺ܶ࣬վĿΧú˿ԼϵҶС·˿ûԥǰҶСϣסһ˿ڡ
ޱ˫ֻǰڵסǶԻԲΧѾתעһǿһ㣬Ͳ
һСʱҶС˫Ŀվڵƺһָ֣һ뾡뿪ҪȻǰҪ군ˡ
С磬ƺˣޱ¶һĨϣ֮ɫ
ûУǵÿ뿪ҪȻи٣ǾһϣûˡҶС˵


1196 ޱ
ҶСĻޱɫһƬȻ
õĵȻȥָҶСЦЦ˵ȻĿͶޱǰЦ˵û뵽Ȼô󣬵ô֪һ¡
ҶСĻٿҶСĿ⣬ޱһ
ޱӣҶС˲٣Ǻޱ룬Լһزר˵ġ
ҲǲᷴԵģҵ˶ġޱߺ˵ɫܼᶨ
ҵģǺãҪŶţȻϢ˵ţҶСַޱǰĻԲදһ£Ȼջƣ·´ޱϡ
ҿûˣҪȻҲ̫Կˣҿɲ屻˿ߡҶС翪Ц˵һ䣬ޱȪзɱȥ
ѾˣһСʱ޸ƣѾָһ㣬һѾ㹻ɱ۪ˮˡ
ҶС紥һޱһϸֳһĨΣȻһĨ˱һĨᶨ
ȻҶС粻ƽ£ʼչȥһԽԽ½أһ뿪ĳ嶯ٸҶС˺
ҶСٶȱķӾܹˣʮӵʱŵ۪ˮǡ
С硭ոշɱڣӰͳҶСǰʫͯӨ̵ȵǼŮӶڡ
С磬ôôôصˣҶСѪͯǵ֮ɫ
û£һˡָһ¾ͺˡҶСЦЦ˵һ˵Ѫ
ҩˮϽָһ£㾹ȻѾ˳̵ݹһСƿ˵гŨŨĹĺһ˿֣ǹҶС粻֪Լ塣
ллҶС˵ȻŤͷޱúϢһ£ҵ˲Ҫһͻָ
˵꣬ɿޱ͵˲ݵϣҩҺֱӹ˿У˫Ŀָơ
ޱʲôˣСôôصˣͯΪŮеĴ㣬ȻȻĿʵ
ޱ¶һĨΡһĨʹ
λ㣬ԲҲã˺С硣ޱʹˮ
ˣʲô˵ǵǱߵͤȥҪСָơͯ͵˵ղޱȷʵãޱĵӣ˼֡
ͯĻޱ˵ͷһŮӾŲԶͤȥ
ԥһҶС߷ƿҩҺȻ˹ȥ
ԸΪƽĺʫĿʼտҶС磬¶һĨۣ˿Ȼ¥
ͤڣޱԼȻСϵ飬ȫ˵Ů
˵ޱеˮǲϵ£һ
ޱ²㣬ͲҪˣҪȻСһѹ󣬿ӣ۵ģٿҶСɣͯޱᱧţͺǱԼһ㡣
ţ֪ˡޱᣬ˵ͷĿͶ޸ƵҶС硣
ҶСߺʫɵΪҶС壬ղȥˮȥˣޱиˣޱŮҲһ˿΢΢Ρ
ֲҶСۺʫԭˣʫÿʱÿ̶ΪҶС룬ǸͲ磬֪ҶС忴ˣֻ뵽ҶС羡Ļָƣû뵽ΪҶС塣
ʫɲΪС壿ޱᲽߵҶСǰźʫ˵¶֮ɫ
ʫ˵ͷȻëݸޱԼ߽¥󣬹Ϊޱ·ȥˣһˣ
ޱҶС壬һһΪҶСţ֪˶ˮ
СʱʱͣҶСǰҶС硣
Ůӿޱӣ̾һҲܹޱеʹࡣ
Ǳ˿ˣǣô˵Լ˺İˣʹȴǡ
ɫҶС绹ţʱҶСΧѾһֿҪҺĳ̶ȣȴû˸ΪͬҶСΧĺ쳾֮ҲΪŨһԻ߻ħ
Ů֪ľ۹赲ˣȻ֪ҶСܹպ쳾֮ǣȴܹоҶСΧԾȥһ⡣
ʮӵʱҶС˫Ŀųǰ˿ѾȫˣֻҪһѪȥȫˡ
ʱѾȫָ˹ȴûȫָʱָֻ߳ɶѡ
ΪԽǸҩҺþԽ΢¶ʥ˵ЩҩҺѾûá
С磬ˣһûУҶС˫ĿޱϽʵ
ôѵ㲻֪ϲݵϵʢһͨôܹܵˡޱǰҶСһ˵˵
ҶСѵ⣬ޱ˿˿֪ҶСڹе˿ԽԽŨҡ
ߣϽȥҶСޱ˵Ȼ¥ȥߵ¥ǰ棬Ůһ˳ǶоҶС˹


1197 ־ǿѪӰйϵ
С磬ȫˣͯ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ѾˡҶСЦЦΪ˲Ůģû˵Լֻ߳ɣ˵һģɵĴ𰸡
ޱΪһֱûжͯ˵Ϊޱ飬ҶСޱǰ飬ͯ˽⣬ֻŮ˽ŮˣҲޱеĿࡣ
֪ǲõģҲûйޱһжǺ־ǿͽЦĹƣҪȥҪȻ»鷳ҶС΢΢һЦ˵һ仰ʱз⡣
˺𣿡ҶСͶɻĿ⡣
ǽȥ˵ҶСȻһ˽ȥɳϣŮҶСøޱʱޱҪοҶС籧ޱһɳϣΧɳϣʫһͻݵСΪ˵ˮ
һԴǣǹƶ˷ʤҪ׵նɱǺѣ־ǿֶκܶ࣬ĹֶеѪӰֵĹֶΣһɺ־ǿ϶ѪӰֽӴҪȻôҲѪҶСɫص˵
ʱһѪӰЩָûзӳǵʵʵҪܹʵֵޣÿΪҪϼѣ㻹ǵģǴ׼֮ǱѪӰָˣóľ乥ӵĻҪնɱǣΪѡҶС翴˵ģ֪ҶС˵ʲô
ô˵־ǿ˾൱ѪӰĻеĴˣ΢΢˼һ£˵
Ҳ˵ҶС˵ͷ˵
ѪӰҪһ˸ʲô̿ҶСʵ
ͨѪӰеͨҶС뵽û˵˳
ҶС仰˵ʱɫ
ѵҲôģҶСʵ
ţܾǰͳֹĻɱ¾飬ѪӰ־Ͳˣֹ壬һѡɫص˵
Ǻǣ²ǵģڵΪ̫ˣΪ˶ǣӦòʲô⣬ҪľǺúοҲ̫ˣͨôƵĻ綼ˡҶСЦЦ˵
˵ĺܶԣȷʵûбҪൣġݸһЦЦ
Ժ綼ˣһӽҪȻµһմʱչ˲ǡҶС翴Ů˵
Ƕ֪ͯΪ׵Ů˵
磬ĺܿ졣ľ۹գŴ۾ҶС˵
֪Ŭ˵Ժܹ硣ҶС˵
֪˸硣ľ۹ĵ˵ͷ
ôľ۹ûҶС磬ΪСµĴڣ˵࣬ܺϵľ۹˼Ƚϳ죬С±Ƚľ۹˵СµĿǡ
С»׼С۹㣬һ˲Сʱʱ䣬С¾ԼĿˣС۹㡣
С磬㲻׼ޱڹͯĿͶҶСʵ
ҶС룬һԼŵޱ˵׼׼ǶҪ߲ɲС
лл㣬С硣ޱгͰ˵
Լ˻˵ʲôллҶСޱĴһ¡
ޱһ죬ĿһҶС磬ĿԾһ˿Ǹ𣬾εĺܺãҶС绹ܹоõ
Ҫ̫࣬ѾȥˡҶС罫ޱر˱˵
šޱ˵ͷ
һȻԻص˸Եķ䡣
صҶСϴһ£ͺ־ǿսһŪûͷģϺ࣬ޱ˺ܶΣ°ȴûв
ˡոϴ׼ȥʫ䣬һ
ҶСûʶ鿴֪ŵޱоϢ߹ȥҶС˷ţһסˣֻޱվ⡣
㷢ϣŰĲǰһϮɴ֯ȹȹ͸ȼߣ϶ܹ
ޱûд£Ҫλɴ֯ȹ֣ҶСʢ
Ů˴Ű͸ԶȲ·Ϊˣ
ҶС΢΢㶣ޱ΢΢һϲĵһ
ҶСһҶСʵʵؾصģֻޱ֣ڽ֮ĸûжʱޱڻǲԼһûУҶСܲ
ҶСڱˣ仵˺ܶ࣬Ůϲˡ
ҽ𣿡ޱһ˫ӿҶСʵ
ҶС˵ͷóһͨ˵ɣ
ǰҶСֱӶܾˣڼȻѾޱҲ޷ԼƲסԼʲôҲν


1198 
ޱᲽ߽󣬾һֱͷһӡ
Ҷ˵ˣⲻĴôǲأҶСεĿޱ˵һ˿֡
֪ˡޱ˵
㻹ʲô飿ҪûʲôҪ飬˯һˣ㻹ҪϿȥҶС˵
ޱĬһҧҧ촽̧ͷ˵С磬ҡҿɲԽ㣿
˵仰ޱϲ˺Σһ˿ĽţҲһ˿Ŀ
ޱӣҶСĿһۣˣڣ
˵ˣˣԶˣʲôڵġޱᶨؿҶС˵˵ˡ
ҶС˵ͷɣ
֪ޱѾĺˣ֪ǰĴˣǰٷ֮ٵĶãŽޱҪȻʸûС
£ҶСоֵʱ򣬲еļᶨҶС绹ͬ
ҶСӦˣޱе΢΢Ľţϲ
ǡ˯ɣҹһ˯ҶС翴ޱ˵
šޱ˵ͷȻ󼫿߽ңɬ
ޱ߽ȥҶСԼԴһͷۣ֪Ǻãڿ߹߹ȥԼĪʮӺҶСһ˽ȥ
һɴһĶȹޱһߣһȹޱղŴŵģʱеޱʱƬƲմ
ҶСı˴ϣڡ
ڽڴеȴ˺ܾõޱҶСڴϺиΪˣʧҶС粢ûжʲôǾڡ
˿̣лԼ
ãޱĵ˵С磬ѵһûУ
ҶСŤͷε˵ǣܸое֣̫˰ɣ֪
Ļû˵꣬ͱ㱻һĶסˣޱҶС硣
ޱֱƣҶС㲻ˣ˫̽Ѱһ㣬
һΪأԭǸɧУܵҶСľٶޱ
ܿЩ߰뷨ȫȻһĸоû˵ƮƮģһܡ
Ҳ֪˶ãޱоһʹǻʹ֪ԼѾ峹׵Ľˣ˽ʮĴ걻Ƴˣһ㶼ڣⱾǷ˵ġ
һʹԴ࣬Ѿһܺܲᣬǻô
ܿǱ㱻ûϵˣҰһ㣬ûаϧʹֽ֣оһּ尾һǿţ֪˶лкޡ
ȷʵˣҶСжޱĺ⣬Ͼѵ鲻˵Ǿܹǵġ
һ̣ޱҶС緢йĶǱصǹɺ⽥ɢˡ
ܾãҶСѾޱڵʹԣҪѾҪˣҶСһͺ𣬾ѿһɴҺޱڡ
йһҶС˹ϧ֮ɫԲ𣬸ղš
㲻˵ˣֻ֪Ҫ㿪ıãӦúɣޱֶסҶСͣдŵЦ˵
ҶС˵ͷͻȻʲôһ㣬˫ĿһɹӿޱڣϸղһΪޱëϴ衣
ҶСʵѾܹԿʥһصĸ֣Ϊޱëϴֱ׾١
ЩҶС粢ûֹͣΪޱչӵʱˣʱԺɵ˵ޱ۷ʱһѶȶûУһᱣ־ߵٶȣͻûκѶȣⶼΪҶСһõĻ
ҶС羫չԲڵн˹ޱë׽룬ȻޱЩʹ֮Ϊޱ
ʹ·ߣԺͰһ׹ֽڤ񹦡ԺúҶСޱ˵
ţллС硣ޱм˵
Ƕˣ㻹˵ллҪٸ˵ҾҪͷˡҶС翴ޱһЦ˵
ޱȻ֪ҶС˵Ļʲô˼ˡ
룬һڵҶС˵лָɫ
ҶСİ֮£ޱΪ˻ǰǡ
һأءһֱ˺ʱŻ䣬ޱһؿڳˣؼȫӿڣʱﵽ˺ؾ磬ȹΪֹͣˡ
ޱһӾ͵˺أҶСҲ𾪲ѣû뵽Ȼһô࣬ѾԤơ
оôҶСʵ
ޱ˵ͷѾöˣоڳ
ţԺҪϰȡƿڵҶС˵˶٣ޱʵǸط𣿡


1199 ޱ뿪
ҶСĻٿҶСеĻЦޱ֪ҶСʲôϵĺӵ˲ϣİҶСһۣǵ˵ͷʾѾʹˡ
ǾͺãһΡҶСٺһЦȻޱĿһ˺ܶ࣬ղǰһ㶼˼ޱܣǷй
ڶ峿ҶСѹߵѾ֪٣ޱҲ֮УʱѾ糿ʮˣޱܲ
һҹķսƻָһ֣Ѿָ˰˳ɣƽܹȫָˡ
׼춯ȥе¹־ʲô˼˳ȺҪʲô
𴲺ҶС߳¥󣬿Өͯһ߿ĵ죬һɹ̫
ҶС˳δµϸֳһĨΣҶСޱĶ̫ˣǼŮû˯š
ʲôأҶС˹ȥʯʵ
ûʲôͯЦһ˵
㲻ȥϿΣӨƽĿҶСʵ
ӨĻҶСһͷۣӨ˼֪Լ;ϡ
Ө㣬֪ģҸûѧıҪοһпγҶˣϲϿζһġҶС˵
ҶСӣӨ΢΢һ̾ˣҲѧˣֻҪöԱá
ţ֪ҶС˵ͷ˶٣˵ҪȥˣʲôҪǸҴ绰ֱҲ¥סŵǡ
ȥʲôͯҶСʵӨҲĿͶҶС磬ǽź͵ǣԶǵõҶСȥʱ˵顣
ģȥԲµģõġҶСЦЦŮ˵
ҺһȥôһûгģȥҲá̿ҶС˵
ҶСԥһ£룬˵ͷҲá
ȪеľƺңòҪȥһĳȥǳȥǵΪڶû˸ҳ֡ҶС翴ͯӨ˵
֪ˣͷİɣҲ˵ġͯ˵
ҶСĻһĨɫҶСĻвƶϳﻹиִڣûиܵһȴûѯҶС硣
ҶСһһûһĺͼģһ޸ơ
ʮһʱҶСоԼֻǶݵ𶯣붼һţֻóһַŵޱ
ޱֵʱҶСһ˿õĸо
˶Ϣŵʱɫһ䣬ֻдţС磬յһŵʱѾ뿪ˣһҸʱ̣ллС磬ҺŮˣǼһǲܹǣɺ־ǿңȻ޷ԭԼÿ㣬һ棬ԲС磬ˣҪչ˺ԼҪκϲˣĪңԼͨ£ԻģԸһʱ㻹ܹҡ
ҶС˫ĿһϣǲһӣȪжľַΧȻûҵޱޱѾ뿪ȪС
ջؾɫмֲ԰ף΢΢̾һһƬӣûйޱޱǹԼеǵؿڡ
С磬ʲôˣҶСɫԾͯĵĿҶСʵ
ҶСû˵ֻ˹ȥ
ͯӹֻŮǿźɫһ䣬ǵ֮ɫ
ޱȻ뿪ˣֲýϵʱһſֻͯϵĶ˵
һſҶСɻĿͯ
ţ˵һ£һǮ㻹ûѣ㣬Ҿ͸һſ沢ûжǮҲʮɣͯüͷ˵
ĬһᣬҶС˵ûдǮЩǮ붼ĻؼˣѾ˳ò׼
С磬ҪҪ˽ޱһѰҵĻһܹҵĵͯҶС˵
ҶС罫ĿͶԶ˵˲ˣȻѾ˾ȥɣ
Ĳȥޱ𣿡ӨҶСʵ
ţʹһҲĲ֣黹ҪԼǸĶѾˣͬ˵ȻͻҶСӵ˵
γ뽫ޱһϾޱѾԼŮˣޱеĸ񣬻ҪԼȥ⣬ʹһһޱһߣھͷ֡
ȪϰһСɽϣһװޱȪеķ૵С磬ԭҵ뿪ʵ޷һĻһ
˵꣬ƮƮͬһƬëɽ±ȥ


1200 ̫ƽ
ޱȥûиҶСȴмǹŮӡ
ϵƽ˺ܶ࣬ȴǰӿսҲǰЩѪͷǱķʽǾֱʧ֪ǱںֱΪ㣬Ȼֱˣ֮һ䣬ʬ
ȻôҲΪ˸һ棬ҪȻ֯Ҫжˡ
һжҶСûйϵˣѾЩȫǼҪԱȥһ˦ƹġ
ʱҶСУ޸ϵƣָ\ľӣӡͯǼ˵似ϾҶСĶ˵似˸ԵŮ似еᣬȴŮ似ľ衣
һҶСڽȫ޸ˡ
ͺ־ǿһսҶСۺʵȲ˵Ϊһ㣬ؼԼѧս
ѧսУԼսķ
벻ĻսĿǰ˵ӦöӦʮʽҲʮڵĺڵʮС
ͬһʽѧʽڰ
ڶ쳯ոմɽͷأҶС˫Ŀ˫ĿɫâϼڣӳųĹԣͬ
վȫһ죬һϴǾ֮Ϊһ˿ס
ȫˣ̲ʱѾվҶСǰһذ׳ȹ绪
ţѾˣ߰ɣҶС˵ͷ˵
㲻ȥǴһк̿ҶСʵ
ȵȣϾͳҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ˾ʧˣûһӵʱֳǰ
ˣ̲ĿҶСʵ
ˣǴһкѣò˶೤ʱ䣬ýѾˣ߰ɣҶСЦЦ˵Ȼűɱȥ̸ȥ˻ʧ
ʧĸͯǼ¥˳ҶСȥķ¶ǵɫ
ҶС˵ûʲôΣգȻо̤ܲʵ
ǲȥ𣿡ɱ۪ˮǺ̼ҶСһֱ򶫷ɱͲȥķ򣬲ɵɻʵ
ȥֱȥҶС˵ٶȻתۼͿҪˡ
㲻ɺɣ̳ԾĿҶСʵ
ţûƾԼʵһ⣬ϵķ羰ҲҶСЦЦ˵
񡣡ĿҶС˵
ҶСѾʼӺŶɱѾȷҶС˵滰ȥ
ԼһСʱʱ䣬ҶСվϺ̾һ̫ƽۡ
Ȼ֪ۣôȥɻֵĿҶСһʵ
ͲˣҪ͵֪뿪˻ġҶС˵
룬ʵߺ˵鷳
ҶС˵ͷţⲻһ棬һһ°̾ʲôĿġ
̣Ҳ˵ǸΪ̵֯Ŀĸʲô̿ҶСʵ
ܸок̤ܲʵ֯ʲôشĿġҶСüͷ˵
ˡ̵˵ͷ
ʱҶСͻȻ˫Ŀбųɫâһ죬һֻ޴ľ㸡˺ϣһֻ޴ޱȣһСɽѪ̺ǿɢѾﵽ졣
ʱֻſ־ͷŭĹâǰоҶС̺ǿѪˣһܹʵǿ͵͵ĸţ׼һʵʱ֣֪ԷȶˣʵǿޱȣǹԨ纣Ϣоս
ǣһֱ㶼ܹˣֻ޴ľ㣬̾˵
̲Ũֻ㶼֪˶ٸ£Ҳ󡣡ҶС˿ȵ˵һ̤һ㱳ϡ
һҶС羹ȻϣʱҵҪҶС˦ȥ
ʵ㣬ҪȻɣҶСһţ˵Ľ´ݳһɾ޴һһ㡣
ʱһʵ
ɣһѵĽͨߡҶСŤͷ˵
ƮһߣվҶСߡ
֪ܹ˵һֱ򶫣ȵ½Ҿͻһ˵㴫һҶС˵
ҶСĻֻ¶˾ϲ֮ɫ֮ղŸʵˣѾ죬ǿһ˵ζʲô
ΪҶСƾճŵһ򶫼ٱжȥ


1201 
ϲƽ˵ͱ䣬һỹգһ̾졢籩ꡣ
ҶС˵ʲô赲סǵǰС
ī𣬺ˮľ죬ǴȻΰҶСվھıϣͬʱΡɽһ㲻ŭ𣬱ξ޴ȻһҲ
ãã˾ǰߣһ㣬ʡҶС
ٶȺܿ죬ʮСʱʱ䣬˱㿴ĺߣĵطߣҪŦԼҪԽȡ
ˣͣɣߵʱҶС˵
ҶСĻһԹԵ֮ͣɫĿҶС硣
ģ˵ĻġҶС˵һ䣬ǰ߳һԴϣһָһɫâӿ䣬ҶСͣջĿ⡣
һ׹ֻ㴫һ룬ȥʱǣҸ㴫벿֡ҶС˵ȻŤͷ̣ǲ뿪ǻҷ깲ɵӣ
˭Ǹ̰ҶСһֻۣǾһǺ̫ƽҲֻҶСܹ
ȻǶһ޶ҶС硣ҶСһȻ˵
Ʈվϣ˵Ӱʱʧ
ûκ˵ע⣬̤Ĺ
ɭǴߵغУкСȴܷɽɽˮˮ˴඼²㡢ʼӹȵȹ
У飬ɫɫˣҶС·𿴵˸ĳ
к쳾֮ΪŨŨ̶ȳ˵УıϱȽ϶ࡣ
ǵһ⣬Ǻ֮ɫϸĹ۲ΧһС
˵ĵɧңСѵüһˣһӳһŮܶ˶ֻ׼㣬ҶС̸Ͻߣɲ֪
һƫƧĵضΣȻ˿ռ䡣
ߣСǴˡҶС˵һ䣬Ȼǰɱȥ
˼˶ɭǴеģ￴öˣǸۿǱ߿Ļң˴еķ븯ࡣ
ǸڽΪŨصĹңϵΪ죬Ƕһ㡣
û߶ãҶС羹Ȼһ̽û뵽ѾչֵزȻĽ˰Ĥ
źģҶС˽ȥ̽һʮĸоԶԶҮս̻̻ǱߴڲʵʵĲ־Ͳ֪ˡ
ڲſǽһʮ㣬˫ĿϢӿ˾ƺеǶˡ
޴ĺɫӣдѪ֣Կɣز
ȫǺ֣һɰԾµϢһӿҶС羪֣û뵽һȻź֡
Ƕϵ
С磬˵Ǹ̽òǸ˰ɣ̿ҶСʵ
֪ǿʲôûиоһϢҶСʵ
̸һҡҡͷûУûиܵκϢôˣʲô⣿
Ҳ˵ʲô⣬ֻǸо̽϶ʲôҪĿġҶСüͷ˵
ѵΪڽľģ̿ҶСʵ
ҶС粢ûش˼һ˵ȥʡ
˵ţ̱ʧ
һڣһУһɫ۵ȶһУһʲô
УûִĸֵߵӲƷȫǳ˾ʱϢ磬죬ڵе͵ƣһָĸо
ǰеĵͻأһ
һ˫Ŀ㿴һһŮվǰд󺧣һΪѾ۷Ȼûиоǰ˵һ⣬ԷΪҪߵöࡣ
˵ȻҶС̡
ˣҪʲô֪ΪܸߣȻһʮ򾲵ӣŰ̵Ľܵġ
ǰжٸҶСһӢʵ
ǵʲôˣǰе飬޹أǽŹġͽ޺޵ĿҶС˵
ӶԷһ֪һڲڣѾϴˡ
ǱַôͲ֪أҶСƵ˵һָӵüġ
ҶСĻһҪЮ˼ң˼ⲻ̫
һ䣬ҶС˫Ŀ¶˳صɫ


1202 Ϸ
ôǲǲ鿴ʲôҶСһصӣʵ
ţЩһҲˣѧũΧеսԣ߳ж׼ӰһˣȻٴһֵĲӰڽҶС˵
߳ж˰̵ʵ
ţ˿̵ͼıСҶС΢΢һ̾˵ɵ
ļлʲôҪ飿
ûˣȻڲڵ֪鲢࣬Լ˾֪˭ߣȥŦԼҪҶС˵һȻȻ˱ˣֻʣӣϵϢѾʧˡ
ҶСȡһٴݻϵͳĲˡ
뿪˾һֱǰУߵļֱߣһ·ûв鿴̵һУҶС֪Ӳ鿴Ͳ鿴ʲô
̵ȼֻɭϣʽΣÿ˶ֻ֪ԼˣǾ˭Ͳ֪ˣֻһЩΪҪܹ˽̵һУҶС׼ѰһҪЩطеĽƨ֪
һֱߣ˵ٶȲǺܿ죬羰Ƚصĵط˶һ
Ѿھ򲻳صʷˣҪӲھһ¹ʷ
һ·ͣͣŦԼʱѾ˾ŵˣҶСûֱͣ߱ɱȥ
ŦԼзεľĿϾӡ
ֲҪģԶ볾ҪȻʧѤõ޺ƹ⣬ҹĻµķ̸̾һ˵˶ŤͷҶС磬㻹ǸˣڶӰΪͻƣΪƫƫôߣ˾档
ʲôֵģʲôĻУֻҪ֤Ĳ䶼ԡҶС˵
˵ףѡ˵
ˣɽϲûмʶֳǲĽڴУҶСϴЦ⿴˵
˰ɣָоǺǿҡ˵
ھҪָо߳ԼʱΪ϶һҶС˵ȥɣҪˡ
ҶСһ仰˷£Ҷǲûзɽıڣ˾ĵط
һ·ǲйȥǹ۲һΪҶСЦŽһ䣬һǰߣһչʶ۲е
ʱе˻٣棬ڼ޺ͼ֮⣬ͺüΪǿˡ
¥ϵһԲ̨ϣһϮɫȹϣ˫Ŀ΢ϣ¹к£ͬˮһ㣬ĺӿ»Ա룬˿ͺǸոմ¹߳Ů
ҶС鿴ʱͻȻ˫ĿӳԲ£λˣվȻǱ䡢߰ͬһ㸩ɽӣϡ
Ȼˣͽɣ˳»һӿ˹
һֻҶСˣ˶û
ѾˣȥɣҶС˵Ȼ룬̽ĸҶС
ҶСԼ֣⻹ǵһʹʶ鿴˵ʱ򣬱֣һ̾СӢۡ
Ӱֱڵ¥ϣûмҲǴǰİޱĻ𱬣͹£Ϊ򣬲Ӱ£΢΢еı䣬øΪǻ𱬵Ҳһּвµĸо
ºûпҶСǽĿͶ̣ҲĿͶ໥ŶԷ
˲òʶƽɫϸ˵ܹʢһΪһĸ߰͹һѧġ
ŮŮܻһ¶ԷԼһȽϣ˭ƯŮ˵ԣ޹ء
ãջĿ⿴ҶС磬Ҫ硣
⻹е뿴ʲôӣ಻еҶСЦЦ˵
ҶСĻ̶һΪͿ˵һ⣬ԷΪѾ̫ˣٶﵽʥ죬ҶС羹ȻҵϷ˼ҡ
ңҶС磬¶֮ɫ
ǰģѵôƯˣȻˡҶСƤЦ˵
㾹Ȼ蹬ǵ졣ͻȻ䣬߳ߵĿռ΢΢һģһŮӳ࣬Ƿŭ֮ɫĵҶС硣
Ůһ˫̥ΪѾ۷壬ʵǿ
Ҹ˵ķݡҶС缫Ϊˬ˵


1203 ĸ
㡭ҶС粻мĻŮӱľҪ֣ʱҪȻһ֣˵ҶСὫֱȥ
ʹ¡
ǣĻǲòӦһȻʧӰ١
ʲôʱ˹ѵ˵Ǹʲô¹ĹҶСɻĿ
ǡֻ˵һ֡
˿񣬷·Ҫ͸ʵͰޱںˣ
˵ͷ
ǰİޱáҶС΢΢һ̾˵ɵ˼ޱʱ򣬰ޱǶô飬ÿαĸ첲ʱϲǰǶԻԲĥ
ϧޱѾںˣΪԺԼˡ
뵽ҶС粻һظоǰСһţڿҲͦ˳۵ġ
ܵҶСĿ⣬ɵϷɳһĨ΢죬¶һ˿˿ŭ
ǰȻ¶ЩģƾҶСղŵϷһ仰ֱӳ֣ҶСõֵزǰޱӰĽ
һ㣬Ҫҳ֡˲䣬Ļָ߹ʣһĤʣһһʱͬǾµŮˡ
£ҶС˵˺
ΪʥأҶС粢ûƱȣɻʵ
ҶСָƽղǰḡջƣ˵ʥ۷壬ҵʵûȫָ
ѵ񾳸֣ҶСʵȻԳôǰӦ񾳸ˡ
ûлشƮڰʯǰҶСһۣɣ
ҶСҶСո£ʱоһӰڣûκ˺ǳֱͣӽҶСĹУŹ
쵽һĻҶС˶㶣ȻһͬĿͶ
Ƕɴ»۳ģǵΪкôһ䣬Ȼһ̣ľҲʱҲܹһæ
Ǹ˵¹ʲô˼ҶСʵ
¹ǰĹɼʯ͸Ƶģҳµʱҽӡȿռ䣬ҪҪȡ͵˶٣ʵʲôûУ
̵֪ĿʲôҪʲôҶСʳеɻ
֪ҳµʱ򣬸ûʲộǸ൱򵥣Ҫעһ㡣񵭵˵˵仰ʱ΢΢ԥһ£Ȼ֪ĳЩ
ûʲôĻȥɣǳԲ֮ҹ˵ҶСһ㣬һ䡣
ҶС˵ͷ̴¥һȥ
ҶСȥվ»һĳȹƮɣƳ˷ȥӡ
ĳֽǶ˵ʹ˵Щƣһ䣬࣬ʳ˼̻
ϵı߰ԵʵʹȻȫǺ⣬ûнӴᣬʣһжоİŻ䵭
ҶС¥ֻУһͷɫͼɳղŶҶСŭĿӵ˫̥ʹ֪ڸ˵ʲô
ҶСһȣ澹ȻҲߣͻ죬ѾˣٶȻ죬಻Ȼ仯ôࡣ
һ뵽Ȼˣ˼һ˺ܳʱ䣬϶кֶܶΣΪﵽ־Ҳܹס
С硭ŲŤͷ˹ҶСʱһ˿ľϲһվ
ҶС磬¶һĨӣ˫̥ʹһķŭͺǺҶСĳһ㡣
棬þòˡҶС˹΢΢һЦ˵
ǰþòˣһΪǽԼˣû뵽ôͼˡҲǵһЦЦͬ΢΢ʢĻ䡣
ѵʱʱ̫ˣҶС˵
Ҳ˼漱æ͵
ǺǣЦģ֪㲻˼ҶСЦȻϸĴһţŮȷʵкôƤˣıǰˡ
ҶСĻҶСһۣϷ˺ΣһۣǸŮ˲ϣ˿佱кøеˡ
å
ɫǡ
ҶСĻո˵Ƕ˫̥ʹ˵Ļ÷ŭ۹⿴ҶС硣
ҶСûдˣ·Ҫ濴͸


1204 ûûƨ
С磬λǣ潫ĿͶʵв룺ôһƯŮӡ
Ŷλҵ̣λ档ҶСŮһ¡
С㳤ÿƯЦӯӯĴк
СҲúƯͬ΢ЦĴкΪܹоһϢɲ⣬Ǹ֣е΢΢Ĵ̵òеƽ⣬̿ҲƯ˵вСĲࡣ
Ů˾ӣԼͱһԱȡ
֪òлһ˿Ȼ
ŮǲǾϲÿ佱Լķʽͱ˴к˴кĻҶС翴ʵ
ɣЦһ˵
Ͻ¡ܿĿ˵ȻߵƼǰһƿƺͲ˹
ҶСɫɳϣúһ˫̥档
һ˫̥ʹɶҶСŭĿӣﻹŴɫǡåͺδСŮ
ҶС糹ӡ
棬ɭڶƿ֮аɣҶС翴ʵ
ţ˺ܶˡ˵ͷ¶ɬЦݡ
ΪһܹôȥЩǱģ㲻ܡҶС簲ο
ллİοҶСͶмĿ⡣
лҶС絭һЦȻĿͶ˼ޣôҶһкΪ˺ܶ࣬н
á޸ӵĿҶС˵ޱ飬Ȼǰһӣȴ˼Ů˵Ϣǰļ޴⽫Լս
ŶԣЦһ͸ˡҶСһڽǰ߽űеĺƺȾ
бҶСһû˵ǰʶҶСʱ򣬽ҶС統һСŷǧ߻ԻȣҶС֮˳ͻ׼ѵҶСʱ򣬲ֲֿ֪˽ѵһ٣޴棬׺ˣ־ģǹɺҲʧˣжһָӵС
Ȼå
Ӧ
һ˫̥ʹҶСԹһҶС羹ȻԵϷȻ֪ʲôԭûȴ
СѾͷ졣ҶС̧ͷŮһۣҲԲ˫̥ģҶСоһᷳ
˵ˡ
߳ŭˡ˱ҶСһۡ
˵ĻҶС˫ĿһȻʧ
žžžҶСʧűһ
ֻһȹ˫̥ſɳϣҶСֻ˵ƨɺݺݵȥ
åſҡ
쵰Ĳ㡣
žžž
Ȼ˵åҪˣåҶСļĴ
㡭åȻҴҡ˫̥һ˷ŭ˵
žžž

ء쵰
С磬ˣǸոûжãͲҪΪˡҶС绹ҪȥʱȰҶС硣
ҶС˵ͷȻݺݵ˵ϣҾͷŹһǻҾͰǰڴϡ
ҶСĻǹȻ͡
ҶСλϸֳĺΣȼŭ𣬺ݺݵĵҶС硣
ǲģԺһ𣿡濴ҶС˵¶һ˿
ģҲһʶģҪûأҪƨûƨɣÿһۡҶС粻м˵
㡭å˵ʲôҶС⻰˴ŭϬһͬʱվкҶС硣
˺޲ýҶСж˿飬뵽ղҶСչ¶֣˾йˣǸͲҶСĶ֡
յӣҶСһᣬɫâӿ˲ûǵڡ
ǾôվŰɣ淳ˡҶС翴һ˵
ʱһ˫̥ʹһľżһվţܹһ˿Ҳܹ˵ܶ⡣
濴һۣε̾һ֪ѾҶСòˣҪȻ¶ֶνѵˡ
棬ѾͷǴģղô˵ҶСɻĿ˵
ʦǰߵˣʦǰӡˣʦǰһʱǵΪˣ࣬ǵΪָˣͲǵĶˡдЦĿҶС磬̺һ˿ģԽ˫ָ̥Ϊ󣬿϶ҶСˣʱҶС¾Ҫˡ
ҲµģǻָΪٶ˵ûٶȿ졣ҶС˿ĵ˵仰ǸĻָٶȼġ
Ȼ˫̥ܹ˵۾ȴܹ¶ǵ˼
ǶҶСղ仰ӲѣͲҶСٶȱǻָΪٶȿ졣


1205 
ҶСһ˫̥֮İ¥һɫȹУûвִ£ΪʹԳԱҲȽϺãڵѾˣҪ͵
ĿڣҶСһ󣬱ϢˣϢǰ˵ҶСŹһ˫̥ʹ
һȰ˵ҶСŲԸĻָж˵
Ҳ֪ҶСҧݺݵĵҶСһۣʧ
ڶգҶС硢桢޺һŦԼеĴĴй䣬ǶΪ̴̣δŦԼУǡᣬȥ¹֣ʱ䡣
ŦԼи¥ʢŵԹɵķŷɵĽģʽĻ˳һֻҲĳ
ططǵ㼣һЩЩط˵һеЩطܹе
ŦԼһ߳ڣֻҪһЩãûа̵Ҳû̵ʵڣǵڰ
һŦԼʱҶСΪǺܺãܶණûв鿴ΪоŦԼǱź֣ܶкܶϢҶС綼овҶСһ͵ٵ͵
ÿ˵ҵľǿָ˵鶼ȥ
ʱһ˾ŦԼһĽУõشƫƧضΣ绯ĳ̶֪˶ٷꡣ
û߽ȥҶСŲһԽΪģӣаЩϴ˵ľ˵ľ
ȻһжǱĬнеģҶСбų⡣
ôˣҶСе㲻Ծʵ
ûʲôǽȥҲҶСЦЦ˵̵ĻһӾ֪ûв
̿ҶСһۣûʡ
һ˽룬ÿޱȣǰ̨һȺŮŮźɫĿЩ·һ˵ʥ衣
ɫׯ϶µʮּܵʥ裬ͰĻ·һĹȣûǳûзգֻпֺϣ
桢Ϊˣһ֮ɫ·ڽ
ܿһжãҶС绹ǸоħЩʥ裬Ȼˣʲôãһħ̡
ʱҶС磬Ҳоһ˿˿ס
С磬ûиоƺе㲻ԾͻȻ䴫ɼΪе̽òŸоһ˿˿Ĳס
ȷʵһ㣬һȥ˵ҶС˵ͬʱ̧ͷʮּܵȥʮֵУ̺ǿ
˵ʥ質죬ĳֹķʮּܵڵؼγһصȻڴӵڲɢȻˡ
ҶСĿɫâųֱʮּܵʮּܵ񷢳΢ͬʱղǱ߹ʥ࣬Ҳγֹ֮
ʲôˣͻȻ䣬һɺɫεӳҶСǼǰʵһϣȴ׹¶
ãġһĶϵ˵
ĻɻĿ˿ˣ˶ûʲô⣬Ŷϵ˵˼䣬ڰսɢ඼
仰˵꣬ӻȥ
ӵıӰҶСо䣬ӺȻһߣΪѾ˺۷塣
ʥƻͼ˶ղǰˣһǾˡ
ûҶС˾վͲӣʵ
ûУ߰ɣҶС翴˿˵
һ˾뿪˽ãǸ£ҶСԸоúܲ򵥡
С磬̣ôˣƺܲˣ߳ãص·ϵĳڣ濴ʵ
ǶԽõĸоʲôӵģҶСʵ
ʥ࣬ƽʲôյ飬ֻҪﵻ涼һ֮ɫ˵˵Ҳое΢΢ĲףǾȴ˵ôˣʲô⣿
ǲǾҶСٴʵ
ҲǾҶһûˡ˵ȻɻĿҶС硣
⣬ʱγɶصʥ裬ʥʮּĵһɢһֱָǱĬĶȻǵľֱǳΪΪϵͽҶС͵
ʲôôӣôһ㶼ûио󾪣з˾κˣȻҶСĻףҶСĻŲɣȻҶС˵⣬Ǿ⡣


1206 ֮
оʱ򣬾ͻᱻ׶ȻΪΪʵͽҶС翴˵
ҶСĻ΢΢һɫҶСĻԡ
صҲ˵
ǻرӦ֪һЩҶС˵
ţ޿˵ͷ޺
ǣС㡣˵һ䣬ıжȥ
ų棬ٺ˵;羰ҶСһ鶼ûУӣҲӣѵ֮ʲôϵɣҶС
˺ܾҶС綼ûͨˣҺαЩأҵͷȥɣ
֪֮µʼĩȫں棬˵ԣһ˼ͷҪǸ
ûöã˱Уɴ¥̨ϣһ龲Ŀţе
³ҶСһ¥
ߡҶС˫̥ʹһûиҶСɫ
ʦ湧Ľһ
˵ͷ̧ͷʵʲô£
ʦ
Ǹ֪õɣҶСĻֱʵ
֪˵ͷһܴ󣬾ǰ̺Ҳǲ磬жٸ֣Ҳ֪òҪ£õܹԿ˵ġ
Ҳû׼£ֻ֪һǵĿģǵƭ˵ģͽҸоúͰ֮ƺһϵǾȴ˵ҶСüͷ˵
˽ҲǺܶ࣬õĿӦǸһˡ񵭵˵
ҮգҶСʵ
Үգ־ͽ˵ܶණҶǵˣȵ¹ָܹһЩԶļ䡣
ĻҶСиǻˣѧ໥ͻ˼һʱת䡣
һѵĿԸҶС
Ҫѵ㲻ȥܣҶС̧ͷ
ΪʲôҪܣ
ҶС˵˻ǰ˼ΪʲôҪȥܡ
ҲǾָֻҵΪֻΪʵģЩ޷赲ġ񵭵˵
ˡҶС˵ͷܶ飬֪ᷢȴ޷ֹѾǿ͸ЩŲᡣ
Ļﾲطȥɣ˵
ôõطҶС統ȻŹһֱӷɵͨĵطԲ̨Ȼ˫Ŀ
ҶС羹Ȼռ˰Բ̨ʹݺݵĵҶС磬ܼû˵ʲôҲû˵ʲô
ڰԲ̨¥طĶ
ҶСҲʼ
ʱʱѾ磬̫Ҫɽˡ
ҶС״̬ܿ죬ڼͽ״̬֪ڣȫͲ⡣
Բ̨ǼĺöЩƾǿʵԾ»۳ġ
һĽ룬ҶСĹһ㵭»ͬˮһ֮ڹڲ
ҶС֮ʱֵϸУЩӰ΢΢һ𣬵֮Уϸ
ǰҶСǿͶȲ㣬ھ֮ĴŸΪһĽ׶
£ûио˶೤ʱ䣬һڶ𣬡ʱѾˣǸóˡ
һȻ³˫Ŀ»
㡭㾹ȻܹЩ֮˫̥ʹ𾪵ĿҶС˵
ѵܹ֮𣿡ҶСĿʵ
˫̥ʹҶСһۣƺ˵Ǹ׳գȻ˵̵ֻ֮˲ܹգΪĹֻܹʱ֮Զ壬ֻǺٺٵһһ𣬾һ֮ĺ
ҲĿͶҶС磬ƺǵҶСһ͡
ѵ˵ûа취գ֮ҲӦҲܹհҶС粻ŵʵղת񹦣֮оΪ˳һģһ
˸͸֮ܲ񵭵˵Ȼ֮ܲôأ
ӦƷȽϺðɣҶС˵Ҳ֪ô£Ĺƶ붼̫֮á
׼ûУʵҶС粻˵Ҳûʡ
˵˵ͷ
߰ɣ˵һ䣬ͬԲϷһ㣬ƮƮɣΪס
ҶС˸ȥɱȥ


1207 
ҹĻڰأ̣ƺ»طΪԲ£һ˿ϣ
ޱߴ󺣣һһ㣬Ϊ׳˵Բڴ󺣱㸡֣ͬλһ㡣
ͬǰҹеӰŴУҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ͻȻֳһ㱡ʵܼȲʮףǴдֻ֮ء
еĺ߼ܹһط
ʵǰʮӵʱ䣬Ϊ׵ͻȻͣվգһԲµӰʶλã˫ĿеӰ£񣬷·칬ӣʳ˼̻ͬµĻ߹
ˡ񵭵˵
˵˫ֻʵʵ»Բк£֯˹ͼ
һ֡
һͬ죬ЩͼɢУɢһСǰ֣Ʋʵġ
ǣСҶСʵ
ܲڡ񵭵˵
һлһԲµͼԲµͼ£»ͬһԲһ㣬ʵСȥ
һͨͨͨܶ»Ϊ»֧ţܹͨС
͸ͨ˿СеĹŽޱȿİ㳡Լ֮ˡ
ǽȥ˵һһӣȻ˴ͨ뵽Сϡ
˽ͨʧˣСΧɻ磬ҶС統Ȼ֪һּΪǿ󷨣Ϊ󷨵ĹϵСŵء
ʲôˣ
Ȼ̻ء
֪ͨǡ
ò֪ͨɣΪ϶֪Щˡ
˴񵺣۷׷ס
վգ̸֣·վԲһ㣬˫Ŀ»ɨˡ

һٿվ˴󾪡
񡭡
Ȼ¡
ֱܶӹݼ£ףŲ𡣡
Щ˶ΪʵĽڡ
һûйݣ̸ֵ֧λϣ
ɱնɱЩͽ̸֧λϵЩ֣һ˫Ŀдſ־壬ǻŨŨɱ⡣
ܾܶ£ľԶԶСλϵġ
һЩĵ˹ȥҪȫնɱ
ȻִԲǾȥɣ񵭵˵г˲пɱ¾
Ļһˮһӣ»ûΪԾٶЩֳ֧ϵڷɱȥ
ۡЩһ̴࣬߿Դתۼ˹Щ˶̵ľӢֶľӢڡ
ʣµĶһЩĸ֡
ɱӵնɱЩ࡭һһ֧˺־ʢ׷װγԼЩࡢͽɱȥ
ʱСԶһͻȻը˿˵ͷñװӰ¶˳
ǶʥǿߣʥǿߣʥһǿˣʣĶʥǿߡ
ǽ̤վǰ
һ컹ˡһ˿˵
ǵӦ뵽ǵ˵Ǳ䡣
ȻʵָһЩǵĶ֡˵
ϣ֪ѾͰ̺ˣôΪӰǱѧһЩ󷨾ܹסңм˵
㡭Ļϵɫѿޱȣ벻Ȼ֪¡
һֽģһиӲҵĸ֪ЩָͲܹʥµĸ֣ǲŸһ󷨡񵭵˵
һж㵱ģɫѿˡ
ҹģΪ˱̵ĸ綼ģû뵽ǾȻᱳѡһ˫Ӹӱˣһ˿ʹ
ôɡɫ˵ԴǱûлͷ·ˣ޷ͷˣ˽첻
Ҫ㣬ûһİǲġƽ˵
˵ȻθߣԲӰĻϵԲصһ
֮䡣Ƭؼ𣬵ȵ»ȫȻգؼ»£
һ޴ķһ㣬һ·飬£졣


1208 ɱ
̤գ¹ӣ˫ͬصŮۣɫƮɣƺƺơ
ʱ̸ͻȻоһ󲻶ԾǸо֮۳ɵɢʮǧëɢ
ô£
ʲô
Сˡ
˴ϸܵʧǹʧٶȿòһͻΪͨˡ
ǼȻ֪񣬾Ӧһ˼ΪԴȪй似ҴģҵȻпƵİ취һλ߸ϵ鸩˴ϡ
ˣ֪Ҫˡɫѿ˵ƱŷͷϵİɫñѾƬһ죬ʥĸ֡
ʥֵȷʵǿ
ܾԶҶСȻܵѹ¶Էһƾܹ
ǰҲ֪ս񵭵˵ͽջܵͷ
Ļ£ֻ»ӳϣһϵƸǱ֮ǰҪǿĶࡣ
ʥ졣Ϻɬ˵¶˿־塣
ʥʥ죬ֻһ죬֮ĲأͬһԿԽĺṵ
ɱϴһɫâվһλá
ҲվһλãϵһƬһɣ˸ͬһһ㣬Ӱн֯Ĺ켣
ߣɱԽԽܹӳǿϧֻа˸ˣҵΪʥĻǻܹƾҶһϧʥΪ˵˫ĿһŰĳ
ֲ»۳ɾ޴ƣ·ܹռ䡣
⹥ķǶǰϣҶС˸о⼸Ʒ·ͽС
ʥǿߵƣ⻹ֻʥ죬治֪ʥǿʲôز
ƴˣɱܵ񹥻ĿֲϴһԴԼΪǿĹЩ֮Ľϵȫںһ𣬱ʮ౶Ĺ
Щ»γһ׶ײȥˣӶ·ǰƬص
һһγɺᵲǰֻ»۶ɵǰ˴ϵĹײһ
ͬԵʣײһûзصֱӾֹƬռ䶼·ֹˣ˲䣬ΪһӣȻûǿı乥ȴһ㶼ǳ֮
¶ǰ˴ϸǲǵķɱֱӱƳˣζ˰⡣
һǺ춼Ҫ³Ѫǻǿѹ¶־֮ɫʵͲܹԿġ
ֻһƳǵķɱ󣬻ˡ
ߣɽڲûաϿһݵǲ֮ɫ˵ɱȥ
˼״Ҳ˷ɱʵֲ̫ˣֻܹ룬ҪȻҪնɱˡ
ǳ׵ʧˣΪ˽һУû뵽Ѿֶ֮ΣȻȻܹǵʧһʼĶ֣ôʱʧǻԽԽȻĶˡ
Цһû׷վվͺڿŰ˸Сһ㡣
顭λ¹⻷ƳµͼСԵĻشɱȥǸͲܹԽȥ
СԵĻش·ǻΪʵʵıϡ
Ǹո֮Ӵ㷢ײ֮
ۡѹƲס˸һѪٶȵķײ˾޴ķɷ֮Ǹܵش
ʱڸܵٻ
ܵˣˣһԽǧףǴԽ˿ռ䡣
顭ҶС˻ûпĶֻղǰλһĳͬһڰ㳡ϣһоǿ־塣
񻺻վǰĿǡ
ôȫˣӦĽɣ̧ͷ˵г˿־⣬ǿҵĺ⣬ȴûһ˿Ĳڡ
ǰʱþһ˿ǵʧ񵭵˵
ԭˣЦǻΪѵŲʧģҲɱҵġϿЦһ˵˵꣬˻Ϊһ£С
ʧ󣬴Ҳʧˡ


1209 ޳ܵĳ
ϻΪһʧλһˣ޾Ŀ־塣
ǵΪǰѾﵽʥ˾죬ֻڰҲ⵽񷴻ԺΪˣôѾ˲ʥڡ
ˣŹǰɣҲˡʱͻȻһϹǰʹ˵
һĻˣû뵽һǵ˵ĳϾȻ֮˲Żֳ𺳣ʵ̫ˡ
Ϊﵽʥĳϣܶ¶һĨʧ
ǿ߶ԼϺͽҲ裬ȴƫƫˣš
ЩڣҶС˺㶣û뵽ϾȻܹϣ̫ˡ
ÿ˶ΪԼĴ󸶳ֻۡ΢΢һ㶾ͻָ˹Ŀ˵
ˣ֪ˣͷŹǰɣǶʥǿˣΪ赲һЩˡſڵɥıȴһ֮
̲ҪͽˣԻ赲Ȼ䣬˿ò
ˡǿԷġֻдŹǡ˹ȥ·֪һ㡣
ҪǰʱȻ䣬б¹⣬ʥǿֶصչΧռ䵴·Ҫγһµ磬򳡽У·ǽˡ
ɣ˫־ӨûΪ˳Ҫɱ
¶һ˿м֮ɫ΢΢һ̧һ˹ȥ飬˱ĳһ࣬ڰ㳡ϼΪѪȡ
ǵһεıѺҲˣûж֣һֱǰţѾƭһΣȻеڶε鷢
ղ֮ûֱӶնɱǣΪ뿴ʲôҪˣû뵽ȴСĻ̫ʧˡ
ǻɣһ仰Ͷд̣˵仰һ죬һ»֮ŷʣϰ
ɫâڱ
ʹ쳹ķС
ڰɫâӿǱøӲˣΪƤͷһưɫâɢǵʧȥ֧ŵΪһѷĩ
̰תۼʧؼ䣬ʱ
ʱ۳һöȭͷСİɫˮ̺Żصʥǿڵľ
ĿһɨڶҰУƬ̺һֻֻӶʮΪﵽؾĸ־ʹӶгǰ
ҿԸһλᣬܹǵΪֱӽʥʥӴ˺ǵΪֻܱ磬ԶͻƣвԸĿ¡ʮص˵ܱ䡣
Ը˵һĻЩ붼ûֱӹżϲ
ѡЩ˶һˣѾᣬһԴﵽʥ˵ʥˣܹǳΪֵĻᣬǵȻܴԺԶܹΪѾûйϵˡ
Ƕ֪ȻˣǾͶɣãǻֱӽʥһؾ磬õĻǰʥˡ˵
˵˫Ữеǿֲ̺»ԲƯһֱʮϿ׵ľֹͣգͬһԲ£֮ϵԲ໥ӳġ
˫ּһ»֮ſֲ»СֳʮŹɰɫƥʮˡ
ͣع䣬ϵƲΪҲڲǣǿȫɾ»۳ССڰĻϵ۳ʮŹۿɼ»֡
ءءءʮ˵Ϊһ·ǣתۼѾء
䡭һ˲ͽ˰ʥ磬˵Ϊһֱ˰ʥ۷壬ʮ˵Ϊֹͣʮϵƻڲ
䡭һһʥϢͻƵʥ
ﲻԶҶС˿ＫΪ𾪣Ҳ̫˰ɣתۼͳôֳҶСĽҲӵʵڶھܹӵһֲľ硣
ǿȷʵǿ־ô͵ġ
ʱȻ䣬һƣƾ£ڵסĻ¡
ã췣̧ͷ죬Ļеĳɫ΢΢һ


1210 ȫͽ
عѾָһ֣ҶСǽܵ췣ĵһˣҲΪΪ̫죬ز˱䶯ӰתĹ򣬴ǸʱֻҪʥǿͻƶܵ췣
ʮȺͻʥʮɺƺڿռе췣ֲޱȡ
֮Ϻƾ£ˮͬһŭľ£첲ϸĵƲ˻˻
ܻû۳Ϊ磬ǴʱϾ˸оһϢ
Ѿڶɹ췣ҶСѹѾϰˣûʲôԾĵطȴУǴս
ҲˣڷΪѾ˿ҪͻƵʥо֮һ·ʱҪһ
õģⲻΪ췣ڽҪͻ֮˵Ϣľ棬ͻƵʥ췣ɹɵļʾͻܴ󡣡ҶС翴˵
ҶСĻ̵˵ͷ־¼ţѾ˳ƬأҲӰ졣
ɻĿҶС˵ѵ˭ԺͻƶҪܵصĳͷ
Ӧǰɣҵһܵ췣ʱ򣬸ıأƬصĹָһЩֻΪؼһЩѣڿߵĳͷҲָˡҶС˵
ǲǿ˵һеף̿ҶС絭һЦ¶һĨƤ֮ɫ
㾹Ȼ˵ңҶСװӣϰԶ̵һ£ҵǾߵĿ飬棬ɹصĳͷΪ־ӼᶨΪһ¥ɲǾɢ
˵꣬ĿͶ̣ϲ֮ʱ˹˼ЦЦǸ⣬ϰˣǸ
ǹġ̿ҶС˵
ûУ⡣ҶСһӡ
Źأ̰ҶСһۡ
Ϊ˵ĶԻɢעˣҲܲ־ѹˡ
ʱضʮƺƵ·Ҫе顣
֮ûбעΪΪѾ񾳣عӡǻָΪ
˹ֲϲûлţƶ˳ʮ֮Զ˫ڿռһһԲƣһγɣһ𣬳ɢƲ㣬ڰĻеԲ໥Ӧ
󡣡ȵֱþӨͬλһ㣬»գӡЩӡںϣЩȫ
ʱһӵʱ䣬ֹͣ˶̧ͷźڰա
Уɷڣ־·ʧȥĿһƬؼѰʲôƬ̺ջûѰҵƽɢȥ»ָ˸ղŵʣ¸߹ңǵ㡣
һʮ˵ղŵҲˣ֮˵ĳͷǴˣһΪعûлָ췣֣ڿعѾҪȫָˣ󵫷ʥǿߣֻҪΪͻƣصĳͷǵΪǿģ޸֮Ƽղ췣Ļȫڲǰоʵǿˣǿȥ췣ҪȻһӴɣ
˵ķԸʮ˹˵ǵһжģҪǵǶԹԡ
ˣЩͽô죿һΪﵽ˰ʥǿ߹ؿʵ
ǴʱЩͽȫץˣûһѡ
Ŀ䣬ɨһϰˣ˵˾Ҫܵͷ˭
ˣһὫ°áǿ߹˵Ȼתڣȫߡ
˵ţʥǿһȥЩͽѺ֣ȴǵĶûеڶ·ѡ
ĹǸѵõ˲ţ˵ͷȻĿͶղΪ֮Ϊʮˣǽ㳡һ¡
ǣˡЩ˹˵
һҶСߣովͻȻĳЩһ㣬һиֳ£ĿͶһ
һ̤˾ʧˣҶС໥һۣ˹ȥǶ֪ô¡
ſʱܵһ˹ͷĺ⡣
һΪ̷ǳ̷ڵĳ
ʱ̷Ѿˣ˽ȥ
ûͣ٣Ҳ˽ȥ߽ȥӳľǸָ̾ߣЩ̾մȺѪ˶һֲĸоЩ̾ϾܹͳεʱǶôĲпᱩ塣


1211 ׳
ͷһͨµͨҶС˽ȥһȫΣЩйѺһߣʱѾûһΪϣͬһ߾ʬ⣬Щһصİ׹ǣǰе
׹ǣҶС綼ܹ󵽳ͳĺڰ븯࣬뱩˳߲
С磬ܲܽЩȫųһľߣ̵ܲĶҶС˵
˿ЩˣҶСҡҡͷЩ˾ѾܵصĴʹǾȳǻӣԶʱҲһֽѡ
ȾͲȣΪҪôڣ滹ûбʾʲôһ˫̥ʹͲˣǶҶС䳰ȷ
ҶСŤͷݺݵһۣұ죬ǹһͲҪ˵
һ˫̥ʹı֪ͣҶСܹ飬Ȼܹ˵ȴԶãǷŭĶҶС硣
棬֮˲ӦôˣĿ֮˺ܹܶ࣬ȵ𣿸οǣһǰǡе䣬̰ο
ףлл㡣˵
ѸٵĵԼľҶСһȥ
ֻ㣬һΣڶȫʯңЩʯҶƵģܹܴܺ
һ˵ʯңһʯڣʱʯŮӣŮӰ׷Բԣͬһ㣬ϲƣǵϵֽŽλáùǶɫӨĽţۿɼ»ڳ
ٶȿò˶ǻȫ
ʱ»ǣԴʱ壬Щ»˲ȥֱ
Լӵʱ䣬ǻָһЩʱһʥŮ
ʱǲ֪ʥŮ
Ҫ˵ģҰǲ¶һĨ⡣ѵñ¶
з»һŮӱסλãʱ䣬ѡŮӻָ
ΪνҶСַһŮʵϣһתͺǱѩһ㾹Ȼںˣ˿
תۼͽŮϵļҲŮϵ
лл㡣ŮӶҶСм˵
л˳ֶѡҶСЦЦ˵ֵȴǲͣ˸ղŵҲҶС绯ޣЩڲһЩϸЩá
һʼ֪ղſЩʱڵЩ΢΢ڲ·һʮ־ϲӡ
ҶС糢һ£ȻãЩʵ˲٣˵Щȷʵô
ҶСڻЩжһĹâǲûȥʣϾ˼ҵܡ
һֻۣһ»н£ȫС
һΪڲϵĻָҲڽһͻָ쾳硣
ǵΪָؾʱֹͣнµǵ»ʧˡ
ֻǻָأԼָΪɣٳְæк˵˵
ллʥŮʲôʱǶԶ֧㡣һŮ˵
ͻȻ䣬һŮɫһ䣬ŵĿ˵ʥŮãǸϽߣҪȻϷֻնɱġ
õģǰͽѾҳնɱˣǾȥɣʱѾˣҲ¹ʱˡ˵¶һĨᶨ
ĻŮӲһĹҪȻҲᱻ˴ֲ̺ݶķͷǡ
Ĵ£̷߳ãȻľ޴㳡жȥ
޴㳡ɴ¹ʯģͬǰһ»֣·ɾ
һ˳ʱ㳡ѾɨĸɸɾЩʬѪҺȫȻʧǴûзսһ㡣
̽վڹ㳡ϣһ£ȼųݵļ顣
Ϊ׵˹վǰͣ¡
תĿһɨ̽˵ȫ˳㳡Ҫ¹֣¿һԻ͡
ǣˣףŲԸ̴ţ𡣡Щһݹ֮ȻȻ뿪ĿƵĶҪ֤¹һԻ͵ʱ̡


1212 ¹
õ̽ڶȥ˿桢޻Ƕ˫̥ʹҲ㳡
󣬵˵ͷŹ㳡ȥ
һҶСˣȻ㳡ȥ
ҶС˸ȥ
㳡ޱȣ߸ɫʯƣ·͸˿ռ䣬㳡ĵϣ·ҶС󷨵һ㶼Щ·ʲô˼
˶ߵ㳡ʱ˵һҽ»Ҫþ»»޴Ĺ㳡·ʣҪǿľҵľ»֮»·ȫҪǵľ
ҶС໥һ۵˵ͷȻĿͶ
ôãҶСʵ
һᴫһ׾÷ֻҪǰķˣǲҪܡ˵
룬ҶС˵ͷðɣԸ⡣
ҲԸ⡣˵
ȳһ¡˵Ȼ˸ԴһâǾʹ÷
ʮʱ䣬ͬʱ˫Ŀǽ׾ļԺ˺ü顣
ӦѾ˰ɣǿʼ˵˺˫ĿɾϷɾĲƵȫһ¡
ɾ໥㣬ںһںľȥؼ»
ʱԾһĻˣͿƲסȫµľ·ɾȫƿأһ˵ľһ㡣
ô£ôᷢ飿塢侲ֵһҲЩʧ̬
ľͲᷢ飬Ǵʱޱƣܹɾô¹޷ˣҪҪƳټ꣬ǲ鷢ġ
ʱͬҶС磬оԼľɾںϺܹȫµľк⣬һ뵽ղ˵ܹƣҶСҲûйĶ֣ܾˣɾȻһͷ·ܹơ
֪ɫʱ˹ȷʵżɾ
ʱҶС׼ʵһ£ȫµľ£еȻͬǰ㣬Լȷʵܹơ
ܵһٶ˫Ŀбų⣬ֹͣˣղ˭ǹɾ
¶һ˿ɻȻĿͶҶС磬̵ĶҲĿͶҶС磬¶һ˿֮⣬ѯʵղƵģ
ҶС粻˼˵ҲҪķͷֻǸоܹǹɾһ£ȻУҵľйء
ҶСĻһҶСܹǹɾµľûܹƣҪĻˡ
ҲҪ֪ľε⣬ֻҪܹǹɾͳɣù㳡Щ·г»ξͽˣ𣿡ҶС˵档
ȻԡҶСЦЦ˵
ãΪҪĲ־Ҫˣ»ҶСӦ˵
¹ϣУ˷棬˲˲ɡ
Ļ˵꣬£˫вϵĻһâЩâϵһγ˶ص򳡣򳡵£һɼΪֲ»֮ĻԲк£γһ˰У㳡ѾҶС˵Ӱˡ
ʼ˵
һ˷ɾںһҶСһþ»Ȼ»ӹ㳡վĵطɢͬˮһЩ·С
ЩЩ»·ʣ㳡ͬǵɾȵ£㳡ܣ߸޴İɫʯڹâת»·һ㣬Ϊ졣
ʮӺ㳡ϵ·жʮ֮һҪ»ȫմˡ
ҶС»ٶȴ˵ľѾĵĲˣɫ԰ףȻţ֪Ҫɹˡ
һ¾ͳɹˡҶС˵תתΪ»ٶٴһ㡣
»ʣ˿Ҫֲסʱ»㳡ϵ·
ȫڵϣ㳡ϵ·ˣҫ۵Ĺâе»ԶЩ·գע뵽߸ɫʯϡ
߸ɫʯ˿ֲĹâ𣬷·Խ˿ռ䡣
ߴֲâƬ㳡ϿյĿռҵĶ籩һΰƴ󡢱ɹĹ׵֡
¡Ӻһ󾪶޴Ĺ߸ʲİɫʯϣƮƮλһ㣬˸о߲ʣ֮⡣
˿ͺǽһ㣬¹Իһʱ¹


1213 ر仯
¹һϵеĶؼ¡¡֮ϣǴĳַһ㡣
֪Ӻζӿӿ˵ϵ˽ĻУܶ˼һɨգЩΡΡҪ˶ʱоһ˺ܶ࣬˲٣߰ȫ⣬ͨҲо˵ǰֻܹһٽĶôܹһʮĶ
ԣӿȵдһӿ򣬾͸Ÿ壬ʼϲ顣
䲻ӣعı仯عԽƣʥÿ˶ܹĸоǸܵ·ǰһͷϵвȴˣصļأʥУֻҪһͻƾͻή¿µ췣
ʱŦԼиۿڳ׵ķˣΪ˶һ񼣣ǿڰĻԲϳһ
ˣ
ѵڣ
᲻ͬ˵еӣ
ʵŦԼۿڣܶط˶һһֲʮӵʱ䣬ϣ̳èˡ֮ģ棬ٶȡѹ֮ģи΢վ׷׳й¼һͼƬΪ֤
һʱ䣬緱æΪĿһϵĹ
ŦԼϰٹĺһеССһͻأһӰӰӺͰ̸еĵһģһ˾ǰ̽û֪ͺƾðһ㡣
źͺڰĻӳһĹڵҪָʱĻԻˣҪϽ׼ǳ˰ҲӦÿҪˡ
仰˵꣬ɳѻɵģһ紵ɳӰʽɢ
ʱǰ̽Ϊϼһһ󣬶Դһֶҵķ籩ϯȫ
ڣ̽ڿ¹٣һǼȫݹһĶͺǹʱʱڣʽĶһָ⾪ĸо
¹ʱ㳡һ㵭İɫ»γһ磬Ũ»̽ĺõطǲ磬ǸͲܹ롣
㳡룬ҶСָһ¾Ȼ̧ͷȥֻ¹߸޴İɫʯϣͬƶˣֺԲ֮ϣҲĪڴˡ
Ӻ˵ľָһЩվĿͶ¹ϱ¶ɫͬ
ϴһ˿ϲ飬·ǿԼΪĶһ㣬Ҳǣ¹ƶɵģΪ⡢ΪĶٴμ¹ŷĵϲá
дĽ·Ҫϡ
Ҫһȥ𣿡ͻȻ俴ʵ
һĨϲһ뵽¹Ȼӡˣôһ̺ҪĽˣ˵ǽأ֪ʲʺһȥһʱ䣬ɫԥ˶ٿʵ𣿡
ʲôԵģղǻѾͬˣԺһҪһ¹Ĺڡû˵ҶС翪˵˵¶ᶨ֮ɫѾƻˣںĽѩദǸСϴһԺúйϵŮӶסȥ롣
ҶСĻ̰ҶСһۣû˵ҶС粻ܽλþ׵ĹҶСǱΪʱȫпܣԽҲпܵġ
һۣû˵ʲôֻӶһ»˰Ϸȥ
ƮƮһλӣ¹ƮƮȥĶֱʣӵһ޷Խ
߸ɫʯޱȸʣϻƮʮŵ¹ǰİɫʯϡ
ʱڵĵطѾռ䣬ںϵһռ䣬ռ·õһ㣬¹ȴʵġ
˸Ϳ߸޴ʵİɫʯǿĹڶ¹ͶӰ
һҶС粢֪ΰǵšдĹڡ
ʱԵľţŸߴɣһƽİɫʯϿ¹֣дɫâɢһĲ
֣ҶСһɫʧ󷢳ǵɫһģһϵܡ
һͨʰɫľ޴ʯţʥ࣬壬ϵơ
âתİɫʯϿž·Щ·̺ϵİ
⹬ž͸һ޷ء졢࣬˵ˣҶСвһ˿


1214 ¹1
¹ΰʥ࣬ڣ޵롣
һһͬһϸ޳ָָ̽Ϊ˾Ө͸ľ״
ָΪʣ»Ϊīлһķģĳ֣عʵ廯һ·
ȥһ֣һȰʯŷȥ
һûʯʱʯűҫ۵ĹâǴĳֻء
ꡭʯڷһ΢漴ʯŻ򿪣ǰһɫĹĻΪһĻ¹еһжȫ赲
ǽȥ˵ͬʱҶСϴһɫ»»С
¹ȥپɫʯʱҶСоһصĲʯϴ·ɨһ㣬⾪档
ʯ̺ǿߵ̵˽УͻᱻֱӺޡ·֪ҶС̶԰ɫʯĺ棬һ䣬Ȼ󴩹˰ɫĹĻ
ҶСҲȥ
һ֮Ĵޱȣ˵ĸоǵһռ䣬»֮۵һֲĵز
̤УӳǰһŰɫĿϻƵӣһɾޱȵ»֮۶ɣɢɰ׹⣬ΧǳĹâҫԶԶȥӺǿһ㡣
עĲһӣ϶Ưŵһɫڣڣ򵥾ɣȴ̺ſֲҶСɣⶥڱըˣ񵺶붼ʧ׵ʧ
ӦĺֶΰɣҶС
ţȥһ˵һ䣬Ȼһһȥ
ᣬҶСһΧ߸аܣһʮϣ·˱һ㡣
ҶС綼ǶˣһûȴĳֳļһǾܹõ
һҶСȻܹǵӰϸо¡߳Ƶơ
ߣڸս࣬һŻһŻʹǽΪһ壬·ͱ塣
ʱѾߵŰɫɢɹâϣǻһ㣬ڲâתɹɾ»ͷ룬ͺһĺһ㣬ƺƵ»Խ֣ʥࡢ塢ŮҪ࣬ȱѩŮҪ
ӭع顭޵صڣܹһȴ֪һԺδ档
ʱ϶ƯյǶڻͷϣڴͷϵ˲䣬ڱ˴۵İ׹⣬üĴǵ㾧ѱ˹âӳȤȫС
ȫһ壬һµӻڹ䵽ڲΪǿϵҲԽԽ¡
иղ»ԭȫûиܵǹƴѹǿֲȴܹĸо
ԼСʱʱ䣬ϵƲֹͣӣΪѾָһµľ磬ҶС޷⡣
ͻȻ䣬ϵĹâȫڣ˫ĿУ¸֣ǹ⻷ƣһ档
¶ɶ칤Ļڡüһˮ覣˸ӱࡢ϶һ־¡˻֮ƣһֳڸλƣҲǿߵһֶصӡ
˫ĿͽȻųһĺƺƹâûпĶѾվһѪҺָɳ˱ĺɫЩƮɢߵıϡ
ڴͬʱ˫ֻһһĹ켣һȦһȦ첨Ϊӡ
첨ӣѪ·Ǿųȵ¶ȣڻ¶˵ëǹȻʵˣǱбڻʱЩ˵ȫ¶˳·˯һ㡣
ҲʱˡһعдƮƮ죬һֲʵĸо
һ̣·ؾֹ
Ȼ䣬ʮ˫Ŀ˫Ŀк½桢׺ɣı仯նŤҪˡ
һֲޱȵƴϳ
ʮɿֲƵƣҶСɫڷס
ˣǲҵ¹ʱ񵭵˵ʮһӱ㱻ѹˡ
Ȼ˵ǿʵǿ󣬵Ҫ¹»Զ
ĻʮˣһĿУվй֮񣬱ʾжĹ
ӭ


1215 ¹2
ɣڸ߸ߵϣˣһ޷ܵơ
ʱͬһλŮۣ
ˣǵΪʧ˺ܶ࣬ڸϽȥָһƽʢĵʱȺ۲Ųӿ֣ҪڷҵĴ½һϯ֮أºѣȡ̵ʱڻָΪ񵭵˵
ǣˡʮ˹˵վɻĿһҶСһۣȻ׷״ӸոսԵĲȥ
ղĻҶСޱȣЩ˵Ϊ¶ʥ죬⻹ǵʧԵʣĻ治֪ǰΪεǿ
Ϊָʲô磿ҶС罫ĿͶ˸߸ϵ񣬾Ϊһ֮񣬵ҶСУȴô£Ǿǿͨһ㡣
ҶС绹ܹǰֱģһƵӣ¶һĨɫ˼ҶС֮˵Ĳͬ
ʥءûаĸ˷һĪǡ
ĻҶСһʥذȷֲܿ治֪ö೤ʱܹﵽ硣
Ƭͻָ˹ʵѵʥصΪ磬ǶΪ
Ƕĸ֣ǰļккǿߵսţǿߺܶ࣬ܶ඼ǲˣҪ񾳣ֻڻңϣû񾳸֣֪Ƕȥĵطˣô˵һЩǿ߻ع飬½ĸһᷢ޴ı仯üͷ˵һ˼ӣ·ǰļ䡣
һҶС·Щһͬðĳ棬ѹ޴
ҲõģӦòڶʱڳ֣ʱҲˣŬ;񵭵˵˶ʵڻҪι¹𣿡
ǿһɣҶСЦЦ˵ѾˣһҲ޷
˵ͷҲȥҶС˸ȥ߹ȥʱŷҲһţ˽ȥҲ˽ȥ
ͨţһȣҩ컨䣬ÿһֲж̺ǿҶС˿ɣֻҪ̷ܹΪֱܹһΡ
ҪҪҩһһȽʵڣʥҪˣûӦĶع򣬿һҲ޷ӳһΪ߻ħǿҶС˼ѵ
ҶСڨڨһЦղȷʵǸ㣬һĻͷʹˡ
濴¹ƺ󣬲ܹܵ¹ľ޴˰Сʱʱ䣬ǲŽ¹ۿ֮һڼ䶼֪߹˶СԺ䣬
ҶС֪ǶԿռ֮á
ȥ¹ġߵͻȻ˵ȻһԲιȥ·ĻϵԲ໥Ӧԣɹɰ»Բк£С
һĹ۲죬ҶС翴һ¹ģҲ¹Ŧ
ңҪߣҲҪҪȻҲȲǡ˵
ҶС˵˵ͷ
ߵǰлصķģЩһһû빬ǰŴˣ˽ȥ
ڷ·Գһռ䣬Ǹ㳡ҪüȫǰɫʯʯϿ·ɫĵذҲ·Щ·ȫһ壬˿ͷĿѣ
¹ڻֻȼ¹ܹת͵ߵ롣
зһ»Щ»·Уһȫˣռе·ˡͬˮһ»ԶתЩɫʯҲΪҫۣһԴ
ҶСܹʱɹ»¹˷¹ǻһ㣬ʲôطӨӨâת
ʱ˿ɢŰɫĹâͬʱһƣɹ
ǻָҩȷ¡ҶС̴Щ·ʱ֪ʱƾճƿҩҺ
л˽ӹҩˮһЩҩȫΪ˾ľ񾧡
ԼӺ˵ľָ˹Ȼٴιۿ¹
¹󣬺¹еһжУǲι۵ٶȼӿ˼֣Σ˶ʮӵʱ䣬ͽ¹ȫ߱ˣҶСһп¹еĹһȻ֪ʲô󷨣ҶС֪ǷǱѰһ࣬жҶС޷


1216 ø1
ҶС˽¹һιֻһ֣Ǳһ˸ղŵĴС
һĻҶС֪¹ƿѾ΢ľ磬˵¹мʹһҳԷܹղ˲ƶǽ¹
𣿡ʵ
ˣǻȥﲻ̫ʺǵҶСЦЦ˵
˵ͷȻ߳¹¹з£䣬ҶС翴ܵһУʱǶ֪ھ׵գܹ֮һȫ
¹ôߣͲִҶСʵ
ȻܹһУǲǴǸռ䣬¹һռУһ㣬Ǹ뵽ﵽ¹һ·⣬ֻգǿ͵
ĽͣҶС˵ͷ˼֡
ûö೤ʱ䣬ûöþվ˹㳡룬ûͣ˳ȥ
ʱЩ̽ڽΧȻ췴ǿڵ
ʦ˳и¶ϲ֮ɫĽһ
˵ͷ˵Ϊ̫ˣȥ鴦һ£ȻʦԽ̵ΪгʱٳȥͽλʹˣʷǷˣͽҪʵѪҺ
ǣʦ
ǣ
˫̥ʹͬʱ˵
˵˵ͷ֣һץһžޱȵ»ץ˲öơ
ö»۵˶ţöǾܹɽˡöƵݸҶС硢̡˫̥
˵ĿͶ˼ޣǰ͸˵㲻ʺ̵Ĺ˴ڵ϶кҪΪ͸СҶСɣ
ǣˡ޹˵ȻӵĿһҶС硣
ˣǾȥɣҾͲȥˣﻹкܶҪ˵˵
󣬳ҶС⣬˶һȻһתȥ
ʱ̽ڵΪˮƽݬ룬ȥԭһʱ䣬һ˲֪жЩ鵱Ȼֵò˶೤ʱ䣬ЩڵΪͻһξ޴Ծ
ҶССɱȥǵɵʱٶȶ˼֣ǿɶ̵ǰֱ˻棬һ³һѪ
ǿҪʱö»۳İɢĹâǶУɵؽ룬ʮʱ䣬ϵĹâʧ֪Ѿ߳񵺽
ף߽ͬʱȵĽгһǶоؼŨ˲٣ҿռʵ˺ܶ࣬ѹҲĲ٣˵ǰٶǾŵ˵Ļڲܹﵽʮ
ڣǲ֪һб仯߳Ÿоˡ
Ǹղ¹ؾޱ䣬˵һƽʢҪˣôŨ£ߵٶȶӡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ʢŵǶҡɱ¾Ǹʱ򣬾ǳĴַǿʳûǿʵʱֻΪڻһǱ˵
ҶСĻ˶˵ͷ
紵ͨ˾ԻᱻʣΪӣҺüΪǿ
ܼȼͣǵǰеٶȺܻҲǷֹʲôΣա
˵ǰУϡ˼֣֪Ҫˡ
ӵʱڳǰһƬȥããޱߡ
ĻȻ߹ңһλõ·гֵɹһ㡣
ҶСͷȥֻǴѾʧˣֻ֪ߵһŻĵطͿ
ǸϽȥɣ½ϻЩ仯϶붼СҶС翴˵
˫̥ʹҶСһۣ˵˵ͷǵٶ˺ܶ౶ûӰ죬ٶ߶پǶ١
һǰУҶСһչʶԼԼܵط·ǱˣҲ֪ʵǴ
ͻȻ䣬˫Ŀһų¶һ˿֮ɫ
ൽҶСı仯Ǽ˶ĿͶҶС硣
С磬ôˣ̿ʵ
Եոռʶ˽õĲھ˽õˡҶС絭һЦ˵
Ȼǽõˡչʶ鿴һ˵


1217 ø2
ҶСʮ๫⣬ʮҶСһ˷ɱɫɴӣΪɫϵɢŵâʮּܣǽõˣǵΪܸߣձأʥֻһ
õôɻʵ
òȥѰ񵺰ɣ̲ȷ˵
һ֪ҶСЦЦ
ͣվںϣȴŽЩ˵١
ʱ䣬һ˾ҶСǰվҶСһʮ֮ͣ
ʲôˣΪһӾžĿ⿴ҶСһʵ
ǵʻҶСûᣬһûӣҶСûпڵ˼εĿҶСһۣȻĿͶ˽õЩˣ˵ʲôʲôϵǹʲô
Ϊ׵˫Ŀɫâųɨһۣüëһǲǰ̵ˣ
һʣһӸµ̬ȣ·ǿߣҶСߡ
ӵʻҶСһ˼֡
ʱһųɫ̤ˣᲽߵΪ׵ԣóһŰֽҲ֪ʲôͬʱ촽΢΢˶֪˵ЩʲôҶСܹܵõһʲôû
ŰֽĻΪ׵еĹâˣ˵ԭǡһеˣַߡ
ԷĻҶС֪ڽ鱻˼ҷˣûϵЩûзС
ǶʴȣֻҪܹףǣףһƽšΪ׵ӿ˵
Ͽһʥӣ·ָһյƣдŹƻ˲Ծؾȥŷ
һҶСһ䣬¶һ˿м
˵ʲôʽΪ˷ӣý֮˶ɱ㣬аĶˡΪ׵ӽضҶС˵һܷŭӡ
ҾҰɣߣõ໥ҶС絭ĿһЩ֮˵
͡ҶСĻ˫̥ʹЦһ뵽ҶСղ˵ĻЦˣָӣҺݺݵĵҶСһۣƺڹҶСĻʧ̬
㡭а˷Բ㣬նɱǡΪ׵ɫ࣬ĺ⡣
Ļ˵꣬Ǿõˣȫɫâƣ·ʥ飬˫ĿĹâ
ѾΪҶСһ˷ˣ˵˷Ӿĵˡ
һۣҶСһһӣһɾɽһžӿȥˮɣһˮǽ
䡭һ飬һӱһˮǽҷ˳ȥˮûΪ׵ˣһĺˮǱѣʱҶСġ
ֻһʮø޴棬гһ˿Ŀ־⣬ŨŨɱ⣬Ƕһļһ˶ǲв˴ڣ۸ʲôĴۣǶҪնɱһеڰ̵Ŀͽ
а˷ӣȻܹնɱǣĹԾǣϴǵ顣Ϊ׵ûвϵĺˮҲûʪĽɫһ۴ȱĿҶСһ˵
˵һʮڣȻߴģʲôԽԽˣ·֮
˵ĸйٶûˣ·ֻʣʱǾøվҲ
ɫâӲˣ·ǵã顣
󣬳ҶС⣬˶һʧһϣ˫Ŀȴ¶֮ɫ
ߣôҲó治ӶˡʱҶСͻȻ𣬴˽ǹɸС
ûɺͽ࣬ǹĲȻʧ桢޺˫̥׵˹ǿʮɱ⣬ɱ⡣
ҪҶС磬ǿ¾Ҫ׵ʧˣνл
㡭㾹ȻܹƳ֮衭ҶСһ仰ƳǵΪ׵𾪣ʱ֪СҶС硣
֮裿ԭôͽ֮裿ȿȡǽղôĶΪҰ֮裬šҶСѧŸղӵ̬Ⱥǻ˵
㡭㾹Ȼ㽫ᱻޱߺڰпĳͷΪ׵ߵĿҶС˵г˲̵ɱ⡣


1218 һ
ʲôһΪҵūҶС翴Žһ˵
ҪȻͷǡΪ׵˵ϵɫâӺƴгһɫâ۶ɵĵ伮ǽõʥĪ
һʥ࣬·Ļںڰгٵһҳʥо֮ɫָҶС˵˵Ҫй⣬ǣ֣ڰɢ
һ𣬷·ǼеʥǱâ۳ʥһع򣬷·ƾһҪҶС绯Ϊޡ
˶۽绹ӵţ֪ҶСΪΪǿҲеĹǣֻҪҶС磬˸Ͳڻ£˵ܹӼϵͽ
ݱؿݸɣصУΪϣԲݣΨ䣬õʱ˵
˺ܶ౶ҶСȫɫâӿȫסܽЩΪߣǵĹȴΪأҶС粻òСӦԡ
ǹԼҶСһһ۽õЩˣ˵˵ڶҪ
ҶСһգһѳ˳֣â֮ŷл·Ҫռиǹ˲䱻ҶСˡ
һץǹץУ࣬ҶСһָо궼Ҫȫɢˡ
ȻⲻһָоģܹϵĺëȫʧˣͷһЩ죬Ϣ乥˷ʤҶС˵̫СˣҲܹ鷳
ҶСеĽûֹͣһŽһնȥ·Ҫطָ룬ǹƥĺ⻹ûнӽǣϵĺɫ۾ͳĽۣҶСһ
ҶСһĿֲΪ׵ɫ䣬˵ˮ֮Ҫв񷣬ˮ·ֿ
仰˵꣬ʥһӣǰĿռ·һ㣬ҶСǵӽǣȴԶܹնɱϡ
һĻҶС΢΢㵣˵ǹҾͲֵܹסҵķâ֮
˵꣬ҶС˫ĿбĹâгǰ̳ɫķâ֮ӿư磬޿赲
ǰǹ۵Ŀռ֮һӱҶСƳˡ
ۡΪ׵ֱӱҶС綴࣬УˣѪ
ˣһ˵ʵ轵޷ҶСƥС
ΪҶСһȫնɱ֪ҶСеĳɢˣ˹â·Ϊһͨˣһ⣬֪ҶСҪʲô
Щ˾ͽˣǵĹܹ죬սԺкôҶС翴ЦЦ˵
Ȼ֣ҶСҡҡͷһվǵʣЩøֵĹ
˽ˣߺߡҶСľٶ˫̥ʹУһ˵ݺݵĵҶСһۡ
Щ֪ҶСʵֲǲǶ֣ȻǸҲҪҶСսס
ںааݡ
Ҷܣ赲һйìƳһа񡣡ǾͬϵɫâԽԽŨң·ͬ˵ìͶܡ
ɫâʧǵϹȻɫìͶܣˣȻһǹȥ
ҶС粻ϳ֣ûа취ֻóˣЩõսһ
ЩøֲηӣҶС粻Щݣûǿ£ǵȫӣη½ҵЩصв
ЩҶСûκιϵڻ˵Ͳأ
Ĺη϶ܹýóΪһɿµľ޴
ӵʱնɱø֣Ȼûȫֻ֣ǶһҶС˵ģһЩǺͽøսľ顣
оЩøֵĹѾʹˣȫ֣䣬øֻ֣ʣһˣһ˵ĸ֣ںս
ͻȻ䣬ҶС·뵽ʲôһ㣬һʧˣøǰһֱ֣ס˶ԷĲӣ˫Ŀɫâų̽˶Է۾С
ʱҶС˫ĿøȫϣҶСݻԲһ񾭡
Ȼȥ̣ǣһһ£ˡҶС翴˵һӰʧˡ


1219 Ϊ
ҶСոסøֲӣһȻſ˵ôһ仰ʧˣȫ֪ʲôʲô顣
̣֪Сôˣ潫ĿͶʵȻ̺ҶСһģҶСһһЩ飬Ҳ֪
ӦǴõ˼зʲôõģΪֻҪЩϼһ֣ûΣաһЦ˵
ҲûΪġ˵һ䣬ϸֳһ˿΢죬˵仰ʱһ׹СŮӡ
̵һЦû˵ʲô۹⣬ȻܹҶСѾ˰Ľ֮ġ
ߣõ˶ﲢôȫ
˵ͷǼŮŦԼۿǱߵķȥ
ޱߣƺ죬·ӣҶСͽøսĵطϷϰٹ⣬һϮɫȹŮһƽĿŶʮɫɳ֮ˣһһͷ𷢵Ůӣװʿꡣ
ŮʲôʱһƽĴҶСǴøּеõҪȥնɱŴҴææ뿪
ʱΧĺˮȾ˺ɫʮʬںϸΪѪȡ
ǾȻնɱǽôˣǸԣڰʼ޷棬ֻйâ˼䣬ע˵һλ׷ԲԵߣӸµĿŴˣ·ڶԴС
ʱȷʵʸΪΪѾʥʥһصĳڣôҲʥ֣ԶԶǰʥܹģʮУʥ־ˣȫظ֡
һУϲʥ˾Ϊ۷壬ʵ̫Զˣܹǽ֮˵Ķ֡
һȺαˣʲôĻʲô측âޣΪǿαһͷ𷢵˿Ųм˵ΪѾﵽ˰ʥ硣
ߣԲܹˡǳٺڰ̫ˣ޷ϺڰΪ˼棬Ҫնɱǡ׷ԲԵʥһȿѵĴȱ֮࣬ҪǷжǷᡣ
ȻһȺαˣƤģûмôƤģų켺նɱ𣿻˵ôâΪ˭һȺū˵Ŀ档ɫԲԵʥֻ䣬һžصƬС
һƽĿзһĨʣһ˿ĸӡ
˿ŵĿҲĿͶ˴ҲҶСһ˿ĲȷϾҶСڻģû
㣬ǲ˿ŵʵ
˵ͷ˿¶һ˿ֵĹâһҶС˺ܸоǴΪҶСһʲô顣
˵ĺãõЩ˶αװУΨһһʥǿ˵
ǰҲʲôöҶСٴ
ιȵãô˵أ˿泯ղ˵
ҶСӰûг֣֪յһط
Ҵûнǰ̵ˡҶС絭˵
㡭ˣһٸˣߡ˿źܲ˵˴ˣһСŮӡ
˭ɣа֮˶ҪܵС׷ԲԵߵ˵һƽӡ
б£νҳҶСٴ𣬳Ϸʡ
ȻˣҾԸʥֵ˵ɫâ֣ͬһ
һע£Ρʥһϵ˵仰˵꣬ϵɫâ۳һ˿˿üĴγ˺۾һ·
һ·γɵ˲䣬һųأ·ǹĵɢ˺ڰ
üĴĹâкɨҪҶСҳǣͲҶС
αˣʵˣҲңҪҰɣߣܹһܹùӹҶСĴ
û뵽ôȤˡ˿ſһЦ˵
ħѾ˶ħ㽵пĳͷ׷ԲԵʥ˵һ˿ѿ֮ɫΪԼҳҶСӰû뵽ûҵǳ衣
ǴʱӣеǺУǶȥаɣţеҶСϴŵ΢Цн飬Ǽһ㡣
ҶСĹÿ죬ȥҲ죬ڶһ֣ҶСĹû˺ǣȴ˲õĸо
õıһȺС˿ſĵЦ


1220 ҩ
˿ţֶ̲סЦһڼ塢α֮ˣԴϵͷҶСˣ⻬
һ˲סЦ׷ԲԵʥŤͷȥֻʮˣÿһԴϹͺͺģĶâ
һʮУֻһԴϵͷ޴棬Ķ˺Уǳδݱа
Щõĸһɫѿ˫ĿȼŷŭĻ棬ݺݵĶŴһˣҲҶСӰǳЩøֵķйŭĿꡣ
Ǹֲģбȥ˿źݺݵĵ˹ȥһֻζ˵
αͷ¶˺УԼϿͷǣҶСٴ
ҶСĻڶָˣһ޲óҶС磬ʵҲҶСӰ
׷ԲԵʥ֣ϻָƽȥһɽҪըĻ档
ʥ⣬أڰɢа񶼽ΡʥڶøҲţһڶ쳹һ·ڸ
϶ɢɫâЩɫâȫӿ˰׷ԲԵʥϣֻûһ伮ֻûһȨȣ˿ʥͣ·˵ʥ
ŲõĹԣ·һС̫һ㣬ԲһǧڣʲôӲâҫգع
һʥ֮£ҶСӰ¶˳վʥǰʮ֮Զ
ʥ֣ȻһֶΡǣҶС絭˵
ղŵһжģʥֿҶСʵ
ģġҶС¶ݣһǷӡ
׷ʥĿҶСһۣеʥߴһعϸ΢΢ؼһγɣУһ䣬ϵϢֱղһ
ɫĹâγһףо޴Ŀ䲻
еа񣬻һƬ׷ʥָ߾еȨ˵
仰ո˵꣬ʮסտĸҶС硢Ǳ˹пӶɫâ·ҪƬطָ롣
ȫɫ֮ϵߣ·ڷŭ
һ罵£ʮȥ̺ȵܹͬһƤϷڡ
顭罵ϣɫâ΢΢һ٣Ȼ󱬷˳γһ޴ĹֽʮǸһ鶼ûС
Щ˵һ𣬳Ϊһ壬粻ܹƶԷҲ֮С
˿ţװĵ׷׶֣ʮ˹ȥ
ҶС翴˿ԣһ˴·磬ʱڲܣĿͶ׷ʥ֣һһ˹ȥ
·ǸоҶСľٶ׷ʥ֣ûпҶСһۣеȨһָ·ǲˣһƬеĹһγҶСֶ¡
ҶСûио̺ĹԣûжԣԽøֵĹֶΣҲΪ˷ֹԺͽĸսǳԿ
ĲȷʵĹȴֵҶСĵγһ״壬סҶС
ܵһٶҶС˼֣Բ̨ãҶСϣ鲢ûнǸ״ϣɢߣҶСɢȥ
ҶСһִ·ЩԼ壬ԼСȫǸԲС
ԼĸоԲǴֿ󣬽Ҫ顣
ơҶСһȫɫתзâ֮Ҳһŷ˳
䡣סҶС絤״壬ֱӱƿǹһӱҶСɫԵɫ̫֮ˡ
ҶС絤ڲ״ƿ׷ʥǿͬػһΣɫһףȻǺޱȡ
ҶС˼֣ղȻĵĻӳȨȣϵһҪȻ״ƳҲϵûС
û뵽ǽõˣȻôҩ˵а֮ˣҿǲаˣӦܵкͳͷҶС翴׷ʥ˵ź⡣
ղŰ׷ʥַһâǷס֮˵ĵȻγ״壬ߣ˵ȵȣȫǸ״С
һ˾ͱһ״壬״徭ĴͳҩѸΪҩΪҩ֮ޱȡ
ЩҶСøֵļԼƶвġ


1221 ʵǿĶ
ô˵ˣĬҲܹǵСǵĲ̣Ŷԭˣ˵ˣã¾³³˵ˡҶС翴׷ʥֺ˵
ҶСĻʥ֣ϵİ׹Ҳܲȶɫɺתףɰת졣
̲ۡסһѪһѪӦеʥȨȱʮϵ׺еĿҲˣһİɫâɢ˿ǵѹ
ΪҶСƳҩḶ́ܵǿķɣѪڣپҶС羳һڱﲻסˣѪ
ߣضҪ֮ʹ׷ԲԵʥ̧ͷҶС˵
һָƽеʥȨȶָˣʮϵɫ׺еĿûлָ
ʥҫָףʥǿ˵ȨзһɫĹâʣ˲䣬һн£ϵϢȶ·ǻָһ㣬ϵƱ˺ܶࡣ
ʱеʥٴĻʹսһʮ͢ĸҲ
ǵһ֮Щ·ؼĳֹ˹ɹк£ϵɫâӲҫˡ
ת˲䣬ǵıȻγһԹ׷ʥҲһԹʥϢ·һýĴߡ
ʱʮøֵĹҵһ˱״̬װĵֱӱ˳ȥ
ʱҶСһϺˮ·һ㣬ʮ˳ȥ
Ǳɫâŷ赲̺ǿĺˮĳ
ô˻ᣬҶСȫչһɷâϢ𣬷һƬնҪơ˫Ŀâƾһһâ֮ʥֹȥ
׷ԲԵʥ֣еȨ̧һɫ赲ǰСһâ֮
һâ֮һӾƳɫâٶȼȥ
ʥ¶һ˿أ˵һ֣ɢ
˵һɵĲΪӣһ֮ؼʧˡ
䡣ҵıըȵ˷ɹˮ۳һˮ˲£·һꡣ
ʥκһ¶֮ɫû뵽ĹȻ۵ֵزСˡ
ⲻֵһҶС粻м˵˵ģȴޱȣΪǿĶ֣øֵֶȷʵ죬˷ʤ
Ըֵֻһ׷ԲԵʥ˵漴һ棬һ˫г飬һλ˿ûߡ
аˣ㣬
ƴ·֮ɫâûգؼĳЩһɹ£ҶС
ҶСоԼ·ף嶯ΪѣⲻǿռĶᣬһõĽ
ơҶСأ˷·ǻһ۳ʵʵķâ֮ųŷ˳ʮɵķâ֮ǹһӾͱҶСˡ
廯Ϊһâʧԭأ˲ֻصԭء
ۡʱںʹ򶷵ʥУֱӳ룬Ѫ罦
ղൽΣ״̬ųְæġ
㾹Ȼǰնɱ£׷ԲԵʥǿ߶ҶС˵
ŸҶСؾһ䣬ֻΪһâĹâҪֱӽʥǿ߷ֳ롣
ܵҶСΪ׷ʥɫ˱䣬һַʥһֻӶȨȣ͸ػ
Ļ£ɫâͬʱƣںһ𣬽ȫУγһԲ塣
䡣
ҶС绯ΪĹâԲײһ𣬷˴ը
ҶСֱӱҽ˴УʥǿΧػâֱѣԴһֱķâ֮һѪߣ·Ȼֳ롣
ҶСˮԾ˳˫Ŀ磬µĹâٴʥǿ߳ȥ
䡣
䡣
䡣
ƥƥһɨ䣬һ˺ʮøֲòܿ˵սʵ̫޴ˡ


1222 ɱ
ڵҹȵʥҫ·ָǰƣƺƹâܾʮߵˮǽŰ˷ɢ̺ϵ
һһн£·عҲսУͬҪƿռķâ֮ƵƬأһְԾصơ
ò˵ʥǿߣֶζ಻ʤعҶСƴ˸¡
ҶСսĵһλĶ֣ȭơâ֮ȵȣֶҶС綼ȫʹˣյ似ĶֶǻܹϴܶԷ
ʥΪǣѾʥһ۷壬ο֮ͨÿαҶСѪƬָֻ̣ˣֱǴСǿ
ҶСǸưҪٶս̫ʱҶСɵȲǸʱ
䡣
ҶСɫ۶ɵľ޴ȭͷͽʥһʥ໥ײһ𣬱ŷ˿µΡҶСμˣǿҵ
ʥǿɫʥػһڹǣǵ춯ʥ飬ǿѾӶʣѾܹвˡ
ҶСվں棬һΡɽܺˮεĲӿȻȻ·겻ʯ
˫Ŀ磬ںڰҹ˵ӽһɱ˵ϢҲֱˡ
ض·ıͬˣߵı죬Ǵ֮ԻԲʮ˱֮У·Լı¡
ҶС绺˫֣лǻĹ켣·Ǵ켣ع
ˡռҶƬƬѩ£Ǳ֮۳ɵѩÿһƬѩжǿ
ƴƬؼ䣬ԶĴɫһ䣬оĪΣû˿ԥ˿˵һȻԶɱȥ
ҶСеĲϻƬռѩɢҶƮ𣬲лı⣬㡢ʹ޵ı
ϺɨҶСʥַ·һʯһվںϣһҲܶеʥȨȫɢˣϵϢ
Զȼ˿ȥװĵİʥ֣˵һȻԶɱҲоһ˿Ծ˸
ʣĽøֵȻܹȥչٶ׷˹ȥ
ͻȻ𣬷дűһŵ
ܴɢҶСл˫ֹͣȻջأ΢΢һ£ɫס
ͬߵѧսֻܹʹһΣҪȻͥڵ񾧸֧Ųסʱͥڵ񾧰޹⣬Ҳĵʣ֮һ
һ·Ҫ۳һĨȫ
ʱʥǿ߳ױ˵ܣûһ˿Ĳܹˣ;
Զڶ֮˱ǰɱƣҲһܣװĵĸҲ˵ܣȫͬɱ޴
ҶСûдʹֹģʥǿ߾ս£ٴζóս
ҶСӰһʧԭأƬ̣˴ߣ˿ߵ磬ûгʲô״Ȼװĵİʥ־ͲͬˣήңϢһ룬Ǳѡ
Һûг¡˿˿ţҶСһ˵
ղʲôôôĿ£˿ſҶСʵ
սôɣҶСЦЦ˵
ʹɣ˿ŵҶС˵
㰮ŲţֻҪžˡҶС絭˵ȻĿͶ˴гһĨ˵
ҶС罫֮Ϊٿ֮˵֮ûʲôϵǸͲܣʥǼ֮ɫһ˿ķŭ
ͻȻ䣬ʲôһ㣬ߵߣҶС˵ɱǰ̵ˡ
ҶС絭Ŀһʥ֣ǲɱѣοɱ˾ɱˣҲǺöֻҪû£ȫˣһϵҲûС
㡭ܺãˣǰһġʥֶҶС˵ֺҶСսһ֪֪֮ԼͲҶСĶ֡
ǾͺúɣǰˣնɱˡҶСƽ˵ȴǲпɱ⡣
ҶСĻʥ֣ʱоģʱ͡
ǸϽ߰ɣҪнøǰǾ͵ֵסˡҶС˵
˵ͷȻһ½طɱȥ


1223 ӵ
ҶСȥСʱʱ󣬶ʮøַǿһӰվںϣź˸ʱϵɫÿһĨ־塣
һĻʵ̫ˣЩӰͺһտӣڵһȫʧˡ
ǹȥһһ˵һ䣬˷ɱ׷ԲԵǰ
ֻ׷ԲԵ˫Ŀ޹⣬һϵ̬ûһ˿ĺۼһ˲䱻ɱһ㡣
ô£һѪȫʧˣҲ֪Էôġǿ˫Ŀɫâҫ·׷ԲԵ߿һͨ͸
𣬵Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣһ˵Ȼȥ׷ԲԵߣһ¡
ָոմ׷ԲߵʱһһӿڣڵꡢһѪѸٵɢ
ã˿֣ɫâһ׷Բϵӱķ˳ȥ
׷Բߵ壬·Ͷѳɵģ˲仯Ϊ˳ɢããС
أһ˶ӵɳȥķɻ˵
ѾˣΪ˷۳£һʲôȻ˿ֲ˵ˡ
ھǲ֪ʩչǲǰ̵ˣǵĻǾ̫ˡһʥ˵
Ĭһ˵ԺҪע㣬һʩչˣһҪʱ档
ţֻˣˣô죿һָһվںϵĽø˵
󺣰ɣ˵һ䣬һɫâŷǿӡ
ЩվںϵӰȫΪ˷۳ʧؼ䡣
ããϣǰеҶСͲ֪Ǳ߷顣
ֹ޷ƿ𣿡Ĭһ·ĴͻȻ俪ʵ
ڻ޷ƿأҪȫƿأҵΪҪٽһ㡣ҶС˵ǰ̲Ǻǵôֺͽභսһ𣿡
ҶСɻ
̡̡нãǵжԹϵԴȥ궬̵һƽ⣬󣬰̺ͽһֱڰжϵ¹ĳ֣ز˾ޱ䣬ܶжռ̣̺ͽ֮ĶΪˣҵٱ¶ˣõɳֽɱҡƽ˵
ǰ̵ʲôĿģҶСٴʵ۾һգգĿŴ
Ĭһ£˼һ˵ϣ㲻ҪͰԣⲻ̣Ҷ԰̵ϲôʣҲ֪ʲôĿġ
ĻҶС¶һĨʧȻܹ˵滰
ĿͶ˺װĵ꣬·Ҫҵ𰸡
ôңʲô֪ҶСĿϽ˵ҶС֡
ղҶСֶѾʶˣǸͲ˵ֶΡ
ҶСջĿû˵ʲô
úһ˵˺ߵһУһҶСİĳУߵһС
һǴܾǰıǳϤһȥҶСɳϣ˿ŴΪҶСóһƿƣȻҶС絹һֻҪһܹ
ҶС˵Ǿ仰ֻҪû£̵궼ûйϵ
ҶСЦЦû˵ʲôŲСŮԸ˿һʶ
ҶС׼߽űȾʱһ׹ֻ˺ܾõСð˳ɰ۾з⣬ֻצ̣һȫˡ
һʱŮ͸еû¶棬ûһ˿һֻͨĿɰѾǹȫˡ
ҶСܲ˿ſСʱ۾СղſʱĿ⻹Ҫ
ۣôɰĶý㱧һ˿˷ܣҲСԸⲻԸͱ˻С
ҶС絭һЦĿһɨִѾٿУо¥ϣ¥ȥ
СͲģһޱȣƭƭȺ󣬾ͻԶصҶСߡ
ҶСߵһ¥󣬾һȥûйأҶСֱ˽ȥ
ʱڻ·ҶС˽û˿⣬ոһ´ϣȻҶС硣
˼ѾȷˣʾԼҪ·ҶСȥһܡ
ǶϤĲܹϤˣʲôܵģҰ㻻ҶСǺһЦ˵ȻŴȥ
˻Уоûз̤ʵ˺ָܶ࣬մ±Ŀʱ
ǰ̵ˡ


1224 ͻһƤ
ĻҶСĶֹͣˣ״˼Ǹôǰ̵ˣ˲̫֮
㣬ǰ̣Ҵûн㵱ǰ̵ˡҶС˵һ䣬еĶּΪؾͽµĿͻ˿Ĺҹ
飬ͽ³ˣʱһȺϴҶСвһʹٴ̽İһ뵽ƽޱϲӣҶСһй
ָⴥ˴ļϣֻ͵ȶȸǴ̼
ˣƵɣѾһˣҶС˴㳤ĲȻŽۺ촽ȥ
һգ۾ƽûʲôȴɳĨΣҲ
Ƭ̣еĹâ΢΢룬ҶСһ˫ִƽ̹С»ȥʱ¶һ˿ָƽӡ
֣赲סҶСĻ֣ĿҶС˵ҲŮˣһΪˣǵ飬ҿǿǡ
һ仰һˮҶСͷֱൽŵף⵽͸͸ˣȼҲϨˡ
ҶСһƣҪܾﲻܾҪȵǿҵʱžܾҪӣϼΣҪήˡ
ɿȻ˵Ǻðɣ
˵󣬸ո׼ȥ뵽һ飬¶Цݣ㻻·
ΪովܾҶС磬ǵҶСģûоܾ
ҶСӴһɫ£ȻΪٶȼΪʱʱԳԶ
ȵΪ·ú󣬴һžպޱȣҶСһ΢΢ʧ
ȥɣҶС翴Ŵ΢΢һЦ˵
˵ͷ¥
ڣ˿źʥŲĿͶ˹ȥʥ¶˼ʻһ˿ĺ⣬˿¶˲˼ɫ
һֱо֣Įƽӣ񣬴ϾȻҳһĨĺΣʵ̫ϡˡ
˿ŽĿͶҶС磬һ迴ҶС磬·ڷһ㡣
ֱҶС߹ɳϺ˿ŵҶСһۣȻҶСߣʲô
ʲôʲôҶСװһܲ׵˵
Ҫװˣô죬϶Ǳ۸ˡ˿ŶҶС˵
ʲôϵҶСƲƲʵ
ߣȻйϵˣ㣬㣬⣬СԺҲˡ˿ŰԵ˵ͬʱıСǺҶСһ㡣
ҶС΢΢ҡҡͷû˵ʲôСĴ̶ܹһܹģǰ߳Сͻ뿪
Ľѩ챧Сÿ춼ö뿪ʱСܳˣǻ¶ӡ
Ҷл־ǣһһΣʱװĵ˹˵жƣһ˹
ֻǾû㡣ҶС絭˵ûнǱˮ
ôһܹסҶĹͣһϴųϿ֮ɫ
ҶСǹҳһ˿ζЦݣһӣӹ˾Ʊ˵ôгķϣҾͺһ
ۡײ˽Ʊеĺһ
ҶСﲢûͣľãҪ֮ʱ뿪ˣڱУ̫ˣʼһƽӣ̸˿ŶС֣һʵû¿ɸɡ
ҶС뿪󣬾ŦԼĺ߱жȥٶȷŵĺܻ
Լһӵʱһ󵭵ĻζڿС
Ļ㡣ҶСһһӡ
Ż㣬ǰţ֮ɫȴ¶һ˿Ϸʡ
ٶȻͻȻ䣬˵
ಡƿֻȫںеӰҶСΧס
ҶСû뵽ɣһЦһӰһӰװĵİʥֻ꣬һɫľװ
׳գǻһƤٶ࣬㻹㣬еĿ־Զı䲻ˡҶС粻м˵Ǳ֮ɫ
ҶСĻٿҶС̬ȣ¶֮ɫ
жı䲻˽㱻նɱľ棬ߣʲôȻҶС뷨ǲ֪ߵغСݣģ޺޵ҧҶС˵ĿҪҶСˡ


1225 ּ
ѵͿԺ䣿ҶС絭һЦʵдһ˿Ĳм
ûȷʵԺС䣬ҸǰһλȨĳϣСĽǱȻģ㣬Ҳ֪ҰˣȻҲ׽С㣬ǲ֪ߵغ񡣡ӿҶСһӣһ˿ļʡ
λ̳ϵĸˣ㻹ʲôǵΪҶСһ۶Է˵
ҶС˵Ϊɫ΢΢һ䣬ΪѾˣٶҲͦģҶСһһ£ûȡ
ݺݵĿҶС˵ҶС磬㲻Ҫ⣬Ϊܹնɱʥһǿ߾ͺ˲ˣҸһָͷܹ㡣
㸸㸸ף㣬ڲҵĶ֡ҶСƽһֲܹм
ҶС磬ҳںϴսʱҲĶ֣Ҫնɱ´ࡣ˵ţһ֮ɫһ֮е̬
㣿ҶСЦһ·ʲôЦһ㡣
ңٲ鿴һΪʲô磿꿴ҶС˵
ҶСһ鿴ΪϵƱŷ˳ֻؾƣɫһ㣬һ˿ŵĿʵ㡭ʲô
ҶС簡ҶС磬Ҹ㾴ľƿɲôúȵġϴϷ֮ɫһһҶС˹·̤ŴصĶ涼һΨҶơ
㡭ھҩҶСʵӱϿһֻֽϻŭˡ
ҩǿ㣬ǿɲͨҩˮҩˮܹȻһöûУȴܹӰЧʣ˵ͬһƣҩˮֻԭ֮һѵûо쵽ǰеٶȼࣿѾߵҶСǰ״һЦĿҶС硣
ҶСɫѿŽҵȵϵЦԽԽŨˣˣ˸㣬ղһŵһڿɣҲһҩûжǴһ»Чһڻ۵ҩֱӾͻرһ͵Ķҩֶҩڲ֪ʧ޷ԽԽܹӶԵЧ
㡭ҶСһֵӣ˳
ҶС磬ӦòԼҲнɣʱںսʱ㲻ͦǸʱȥˣ㿴ӣˡ꿴ҶСϷ֮ɫ˵һ̾ӣ·ΪҶСֵ
ҲôģҪܾĥ˫ĿһɫĶҶС˵
漴ǰ̤һضɽҡ˫Ŀ絶ҶСһҹ¡
쳹һռ䣬һһȵϢŷҶСѹȥ
гһֿıԵ΢Ц·𿴵ҶСһ¹ĵĳ档
ȻֲԤҶСվֱֱģ·һ˿Ӱ죬гһ˿ԤС
ǲǺܾȣҶСϴŵЦʵﻹиղŵĽͻҡ
㡭ôܣԾ˵˻
ʲôܵģҹ¡ҶС콵˵־һֲΥĸоһɷ·ҪƬռѹƵƬռ֡
ͨҶСȳܲס޴ѹ˵ϣ˫ȵϥֱˡ
顭ΧǾںеظһһ˵ϣǵ˫ȶˡ
ںеİ̸ֵΪҶСʵ̫ˣʵĹ㣬ҶСһʧĺܲңǹֻ֮һΪ۷ĸѾǸҶСˣ⻹Ƿˡ
һĻг˾⣬в⣬ȫͿˣһбӦ֮еģдľ籾ȥģеһжѳƿأһжˣӦҶСǰȴҶСǰ
ʲôּǣ־һ⣬Ϊ˾β⡣
㡭㲻ѾǱ𣿡ǿϥϵʹҶСʵ
ȷʵˣôһҩҲѵң㻹ǲ찡ѵ֪ʲô֪֪˰սʤҵûŪͶҶ֣Ҳʲôֱ𡣡ҶСһĳĿ·ǳһ㡣
㡭㾹Ȼܹҩˮɬ¶˲ŵӡ


1226 ǿ
׳գҲϲԼڱ˵У˭֪ҩûãҿɲðǸգҵľˮҺȥȫҶСһɵϵꡣ
㡭֪ж𾪵ĿҶС硣
˵ǰ׳գǰ׳գ޹ڷǼ鼴ôխˣôǸҾƣҶСǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ԭˣ֪һ׷ˡ괹ͷɥܵòԩ
ֶ̫ͼˣһΪóʮʥǿ߶ԸңҩĵֶΣʼղ;ҶС絭˵
ˣѾôʱ䣬µȥҶС˫ĿųһƯһɫ棬ɫҶСĿ֮£Ǿ쾳ĸֳȥ
ȫںеĸ֣ɫȼ˲䣬Ǿ˾ͱΪ˻ˡ
ҽǿзҹգޱȣһɳζڿ
ڵϵͷƤ飬ȫĺëͷ亹
ǲҽʧǾظֳ׵ĻΪ˻ҽ
˫ȱˣΪΪ⣬ȴҶСġо
ˣֵˡʱҶС罫ĿͶǰꡣ
ȻƽǶ˵ȴھף·һ㡣
㲻ܹôңǰȨ֮һĳϵĶӡҶСǿ־֮ɫĺе
ʱ㻹вңǴɼģҲղЩʹȥҪһһϵȫ޳ֻʣһͷܣ㿴ԼĹͷܡҶС˵
˵ҶСƾջûһذףһذףȫɷâ֮۶ɵġ
ۡһ΢𣬻ûпҶСʲôϾȱһ⣬Ѫʶ¡
ҶС˵־Ͷ֣ޱȣٸܵҺ£Ҫˡ
ҶС磬ҪɱңҪɱңֻҪ㲻ɱңҿԸκ顣ʹ˵߳׵ıˡ
ɱҲԣǾҪϲˡҶС絭˵Ǳذתŵ⡣
ʲô飬Ҷ㡭Ͻ˵ʱ˵ΪҪֻҪžͻϣѵ
ã㣬ǰ̽ʲôƻҶСʵ
׼ͽǸողǰҲ¹֮ʱϽ˵ǵҶС粻ˣϸһ
Ŀʲô
˵ǽֻ̨
ֻ̨ҶСظһ䣬üͷⲻǵһһ£ǰҲ˵ʱ鲢ûô⣬ֵֻ̨ʱһرĸо
ֻ̨ʲôãҶСٴʵ
˵ܹ˸ҲǺ˽⡣
ҶС룬ǰһûޱȣΪʶӣ˼֡
㻹̵֪ʲôܣȫ˵ɣãҶС翴˵
ҲûʲôܣʹִܣҲЩܹ֪ģҸ֪ˣҲңҶС磬ͷŹҰɣ֪ģҶġһ֮ɫ˵
ܴϵû˵ѣǣҶСȻòģõķֱӶȡ䡣
뵽˫ĿɫâųֱУ뵽˶ԷͥС
ոսͥУҶС͸о˲Ծ꾫ϿվȻһӰ
·ҶСľĵӰһӰӰ˫ĿϬĹâֱҶСľ
һһͥը졣
ҶСһһģڵأһѪɫ԰ޱȣͥڵ񾧣Ҳѳϸ΢ѷ졣
ֲǿֲ˼㣬˭ܹõͥоȻһôֲӰһӰ붼ĸľ壬ԼĶӣֻܵвʱŻ֣û뵽Լ׼ȡԷļ䣬ȴǰ塣
۾ԣ̫ԶˣԷľܹγɾˣ֪жôĿֲ
ʱһӴƴϱһɰԵ˫صơ
ƱҶСɫ˱ˣ֪ʱܹնɱˡ
ûԥתߡ


1227 
ҶСոȥһʱ䣬ͻȻ䣬ƬڷƱã£˹
һʵӰ۳ΣһӰɢԾصƣϬĹâ˫Ŀбų·Ǵ̴˿ռ䣬Ǻӡ
ҵĶӣȻܣһӰһץ˹ȥһ۳ľҶСץȥ·ǴԽʱͿռ䣬ת˲ҶС
ַֻ·ҪҶСץԭء
ҶСͷûУϹâҫ죬ɢ·Ϊһֱֻиȥ
ͬᣲֻ۳ɵֱֱӱҶСնˡ
ͬʱҶСһؼ쫷紵̺ǿڱ˵Щ쫷谭жİʯǶҶС˵쫷ȷʵܹܵĶԴȪ
˷ԭأתۼʧˡ
ڵϵӰ˫ĿбĹâɫΪѿûܹѣܣڵֻһ塣
ߣ㾹ȻնɱҶӣôһ㸶޴Ĵ۵ġһӰ˵۳ȫɢ˿һĨüġ
ʱ־֮ɫ˿ܣֲҶСʱصĳһ
ҶС磬һز˶ͽ֮ءɫ˵
㽫ղŵĻ˵һ飿ͻȻ䣬һȻһƽȴɱ⡣
嶼סˣܿͷӦ˹϶ЦݣС㰡С㣬ô
û˵ˣǴܵǵӰɢĿֲƣ˹ҶС£ϾҶС뿪ûмӵ顣
ȥˣĶʵ
ҶСˡ˹ҶС磬мΪˬŭޱȣԾûκεĲȻ˵
ǵľˣٸҶһնɱ㡣˵Ȼ뿪ˡ
С㡭ҵȡȥıӰϽ˵ӰѾʧˣʹûʧĻ᷵ء
ɶ񡭡һ¶ŨŨĺ⣬һĨ̵Ĺâǹ
ŦԼиۿڸһУ桢̡ޣж˫̥ڿУһҹû˯ڵȴҶС硣
ж¶һĨģΪҶСİοġ
춼ҪˣС绹ûлòǳʲôɣ濴˵
Ӧòᣬ붼ʲô鵢ˡ̵˵ʥµĸָͲܹԿʥҪնɱһѶȡ
صŮӣǸڣʹҶСʲôΣҲһƽġ
ߣҿ϶ȥֵطȥˣûһö
ԣ϶ǣǸɫǡ˫̥ʹһһ͵˵
˵ģȻɢһ˿˿ĵ
ЦЦû˵ʲô
ã˫ĿͻȻһ⣬СˣӺˡ
Ļո£ҶСӰͳ˱УһĲ԰ף˲ˡ
ôˣʲôˣҶСӣվϵʵ
ҶСһƨɳһ˵û£ģǱһϼһ׷ɱѡ
ϼһ׷ɱʵһ˫ĿͶҶСϣҲĿͶҶС硣
ţ̵һλϡҶСµ˵Ҫܵÿ죬زˣʥֵʵȷʵС
һλϣΪٶʥ죬ܹѾǺܲˡ̿ҶС˵Լǵ͹ҶСʵ
ǸΪͺˣҲ˼һǰˣ˱ˣ֪ôġҶС̾һ˵
ѾˣûͻƵ㣬Ҫ͵£ÿһγ֣º󻼡
ǳʲô飿̿ҶСʵ
룬ҶС罫˵һ飬ʼնסһᱩ¶ģ˵
ҶСĻ˵˵Ļ¶Էô׷Ź㣬һʱ㻹ǲҪȥˣݱһ·ͷʵǿ˶ˣٳȥ
ҶСҡҡͷʼղѵķʽѵķʽǳնɱһʱҪˣҼһŦԼ³ֵĸ֣Ҫǵŵصʵ
ҶСһᶨӣ֪ҶСǲᰴ뷨ʱģֻҪε˵ðɣ


1228 ŮĶԻ
Һһ𡣡̽ĿͶҶС˵
һϿӣҶС˵ͷ˵ðɣ
С磬ҪҪð˿ͰҲ㣿濴ҶСʵ
ˣΪ̫ˣ߱İȫοǵΪȥҲﲻʲôæ˵ҶС翴һһ˫̥á
ҶС˼ѾȷˣȥջΪۡ
˭˵ﲻʲôæ˫̥ʹһҶС粻˵ҶСĻ·˵ûãһôҲ۷ĸ֡
ܹùңǾܹæˡҶС翴˵˵
㡭˫̥иղ˵λյĿҶС磬Ŀ·ҪҶСһٵӡ
ҪܹùĻ綼ֺݺݵĽѵ⻵һһ٣ﻹֵţߣ
¾ͽˣ棬¥һҶС˵Ȼ¥ȥ
Ѿȫˣһҽ񵺵ʱΪǰźһУǰȫع濴˵
л鷳ˡ̺ܿ˵һ䡣
˵лл˵ǰǵİ΢΢һЦȻ¶ԥӣ·ʲô⣬ȴֲ˼ڡ
ʲô˵ɣǲôǳǳһЦ˵
˵ͷ˵̣С֮ͨ𣿿ҵĻ̫ͻˣҲԲش𡣡
ҲûʲôҺĹϵӦñͨѺһɣзһĨɫʣҲ֪ôԼҶС֮Ĺϵ
ϲʵ
΢΢㵣оԼﲻƽһͻָ˹ǳǳһЦϲϲ̸ϣֻ˵һøаɣ
ӦúϲɣܹĳǸ뷨ĻҪܹĻĶ飬ҪȻ㻹ǲҪһ̯ˮҪȻ˵Ļ㡣̿˵
ףһһɣ΢΢һ̾˵ȻĿͶ̣Ļôѡ񣿡
һôѡ񣿡¶һƬã֪鵽ʱȻ֪ôѡˡ
ҲһܲôŮӵʵ浭һЦЦһĨԹΡ
û˵ĬĻ
ٹǸһкܶŮ𣿡˫̥Уһʵ
˵ͷдһ˿ɬ
Ǹ쵰ôŮ˻㣬뽫һ١
ȥ˫̥УһŮ˵
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ģǵʵָˣܹˡ
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ǸɫĶʱһЦãǿɰСһӷɵ̻Уѽѽģ֪Ȼʲôһĵӡ
̣ĳŰ޵С۾
ⲻҵģСģһʱ䶼ûмһΪûиҶС磬Ҳ֪Сܵ͵ȥˡЦЦ˵СƤëСһܵӡ
̣ɲұ˵дһ˿Ρ
Ȼԡ˵һ䣬ȻСݸ档
汧С¶Ȱ֮ɫͺǿԼĺһ㡣
̣֪Сôɰʵ
ﲻ򵽵ģǴһصĵطõģ磬Ҳֻôһֻ˵
Ŷ˵һ¶һ˿ʧ
һͽС̣˳ȥΪҶСȥǼˣǼעʲôµĸֳŦԼС
¥¥ϣҶСڰԲϣ˫۱պϣȣΧɢֺ쳾֮ȫӿ뵽ҶСڡ
ͽʥǿսһˣҲûлָղŸǱһֲľش񾧣˺صˡ
ҲǱĶһ񾧱ݻ٣ôҲʧֻһǡ
ʱҶСڵһ˿˿ָţҲϣÿһս񹦶һЩڵսҲӾͺսǶĹһ㣬ڵٶȣҪȫָ»Ҫһʱ䡣


1229 ؼƻ
ʱ磬գů͹˴أŦԼغһɫĽ£ҫĵĹâΪʥ࣬·ǹԴͷδϣ֮ء
ǽọ̃ܽʱڣﲻ·ưٲԴ߷ǣһ㡣
ʥ赴ʮּĵ·ǻһ㣬ЩĶɡ
ϵһڣһһŰɫϣɫɳۣڵɫΪɫһɫĵ伮ſйϻƵȨȣ˫Ŀɫâһִȱĸо
ʱһŲһͬŵĽ˽ɫΨһڵɫΪɫ
ִ¡깧Ľһ
ڰɫϵ꣬΢΢̧ۣûгκεı飬ʲô£
ȻΪᣬȴԵòɣޱȣ·ǻǧһ㣬͸˼£²ɣ
ִ£ǲɱִһ˵֡깧˵мϲ⡣
ŶִɫâɫâһͰĸо˿Ļһ÷ִ¶ӣΪĿз·һС
ִ£ֵӡ깧˵ͬʱһɫâбųһâ۳һӰӰȻҶСӡ
ˣִ¶һĨأѵ߽ˣ
˶٣ִ½ĿͶ꣬˵ϵûУ
ˡ˵ɫҶС磬Уˡ
꽫ҶСϺǱһȫ˵˳Ȼ˵ĶǻϣһЩ漰صĶͲ֪߲ͨˣٹأûѵ鵽ǵ١
Ǵغϰģô˵ӦҪˣȲҪʲô飬ұ档ִ˵
ǡ깧˵Ȼ뿪ˡ
ˣֻ˶ѣ˻ҪĻǰ֮սִµ˵Ȼͷɫĵ伮ʱ䣬һ㵭ɫâ
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ӾǱҶСǿѹȵĹڵϣϥǹǵꡣ
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һ̣һӰǰһŻɫˣŨܵĺ룬ϴһ˿֮ɫ
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ˡ
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񣿺ߣҲǰ̺ͽõĵ𣿡ƺе㲻õ˵˶٣ߣСӵ󣬿취ýЩ˳ֲǣÿһӣҾһﲻ̤ʵ
үΪʲôԼնɱºʵ
׳գҪܹ֣綯ˣõŵȵڣյһ䣬һ뵽ϴľ˲Ŀ⣬֪ԼնɱҶС磬һɱܹðգֻܹȡ赶ɱ˵ļƻ
³ĬһͻȻ˵үҵһƻܹնɱҶС磬ܹնɱһֽõĸ֣
⻰һĿͶ£˵˵ʲôļƻƻܹɹһ㹻Ľġ
ǣүƻġȻ½Լļƻ˵һ顣
󣬿¶һĨ˷֮ɫд͵Ĺâ£ƻһܹնУܹڰеĵλѸû뵽㻹ͷԣƻɹ˵ĻĵλҲΪ
ллүⶼүĹͣС²һƨ
Դˣ׺ãǧƨبŲĵ


1230 
ŦԼУ߱ȺУһڣɳϣ˵ɫЩء
̣Ҫǽĵնɱ濴˵Ǿϳ˵ӢһɱϵŮ
ȲҪȽŪ˵Ѿ֪ǵ֮ȴûж֣˵ԷǳֳͻҲûбҪȥǸ鷳̵˵
ЩҶ֪һ뵽õ˾ǣܸоܲȻü΢˵
ǻǲᵣˣ󣬿ȥôϵϢѾƽӦò˶þͻѹЦЦ˵
˵ҲǡҲһЦ
һ峿ϼɣ¥ϵҶСһ㵭Ľ⣬һ̼䣬·սݡ
ͻȻ䣬ΧĿռ΢΢һӴӵڣ·ǽӾһ㣬ƺˡ
ӵʱ䣬ؼŻָ
ԼʮʱҶС˫Ŀֻбųɫâɫâлķâ֮
һվϵĹһ
ԵսõĺôȻҲ۵Ľͥڵ񾧲ȫȻָˣͬΪҲһ¥񹦵˵ڣǲ÷â֮ȫаնɱʥһ۷ǿߣʥأҲܹסԼѡ
ʱǰҲǿһ֣ڵĹ·ʵһ㣬ɫâӲޱȣԼá
ҶСȻüͷһ壬˱棬·ܹռһ㡣
˲䣬ͳ˿С
ʱ򣬼ŮڣҶС磬˫̥ʹһһ۲ʱʱݺݵҶСһۣԼеĲ
¶һĨϲãһȻûһ˿仯ȴ΢΢һɡ
㲻ָƣΪзŹ˵ǰҶС翴ΪͨˣϢȫһ˿ĶߣߵϣҲΪҶСһߡ
ҶС翴ЦЦȻ󲻽ʵ֪Щõô£
㣬նɱ˼ô֣˼ˡдЦĿҶС磬һתȴ֪Ϊʲôûж֡
ҶС룬˵ΪԵʰɣ
ô»ҪģôǣܸоҶС˵
ʱһ̩̹˺ϵֻóֻڿн
ٹǲ鿴飬ǲ鿴ˣڸոע⵽һŦԼУǵΪһߣߵĲأܶ˶ĸ֣Ӧöǰ̵ˡ绰һ
ãǼӡ˵һȻ͹Ҷ˵绰
ڵ˶ߣȻֻͦд
˶ĿͶҶСϣ·ҶСеĹһ㣬˵ȷʵĹǣⲻΪߣΪΨһˡ
Ҳ鿴һ¡ҶС˵ȻչʶŦԼжʶַΧУȷʵһˣǵĶ쾳֣ǳһ˾ڣҵҡ
ҶСעʻŦԼеͨСγΪֳͨڵȴ򵥣Ϊ͵ֻһˣ˾ǿףҶСնɱ꣬ȫʥ֣ûеҶСϸ鿴ǵľΪʱһƣдҶСʶ˻ȥ
ڣҶС˫Ŀɫ԰ף˫Ŀеһ˿İƬ̼ͻָ
ҶСʶŦԼȫУͲڻ£ھȷʵ޴ġ
鿴ʲôûУҶСɫָ֮ʵ
ţǱĿģЩΪһ˶ϽŦԼУЩΪˣǵŦԼСҶС絭˵
ĬһҶС˵ȥǾͲҪȥˣһҾͻ
˵ţҶСӰʧˣС
ŦԼУһıУһſϣһ߻һƷζźƣϴźݶЦ⡣
һ˽վ˿ǰ˵үѾ׼ˣǵڽϻȫ
׵˵ͷû˵ʲôеĹâӻˣҲ֪ʲô
үʲôʱжѯʵ
ղײգͽϰɣȥһ׼׵˵
ǣү¹˵һһʧˡ


1231 ¥
׺µĶԻȫеҶСˣǶû뵽ȻҵǣʵҲܹףʥǿߣΪﵽ˼ߵľ磬򣬸Ͳˡ
Ҳ˵ЩΪߵˣȴмΪ͵˿϶ᱻЩʥַ֣ҶС֮Ϊտ
ǵĶԻҶС彣üûоʹȥȻУûŪ֮ǰǲȥġ
ҶС磬һҪҾͲһ㻹ܹѣõ˿ɲǳصģߡϸƷһںƣ¶ݶ֮ɫ
˵꣬˫Ŀǹһ˿ȣ·뵽ĳ֣Ƚ˷ܵһ㡣
ãֲýõ˻ڱſڣô˵һնɱһɸֵϢ͸¶˳ȥͽõ˶ҳʲôϵѵ˵õ˽ǳ˲ɣУҪתƵطˣܹٴˣҶС
ٵһ󣬼ûʲôջ뿪ˡ
ҶСһصͿ˵ʰһ¶ǸϽ뿪
ʲôˣ̿ҶСʵ
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ҶС罫˵ųĬУǶŽ顣
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ͽöǳʲôϵҶСüʵ
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Ļжһ
ǱǼţֻҪһ¥󣬾ͻᱻע⡣¶һ˿Ρ
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һԱֽĶʱɫһ䣬æڲȥҪһϢ˾
һĻеҶС뿪ˡ
صУҶСʹһתƣɭϾǴ壬յԴܶ࣬ӵеı޷ͳƣתƵеһС
ĵط˿Ƚϴ󣬲ע⡣
ҶСһתʱŦԼзֲЩ߲һæµ׼ռŦԼУǴ¼
ͼҲޣȻõ˲ô嶯ֱȥȥΧɳȥ鿴һʵٳҲ١
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һϢֱӱ˴ִ£ִ³Ĭһ㿪ʼ̵һУȶԸ̸˵һ£ǲŦԼڽõĸַ׷׾£ʱ׼֣ȻǶǰĶûһ˵Ļɡ
ȻЩͬʱҲɳ˲ҴϢǸӰûҵ
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ͬһʱڣǰ̻ǽö֣ŦԼһַ¥ζʣҹŦԼһΪĳ


1232 ʢս1
ҹĻĻϸֳһƣ»ǻԶ޹⣬·ǽâľһ㣬紵ؼһƬɱҹעһƽҹ
˰ٵеıУҶСΪǲԻ֮󷨣ȻͳȥˣΪҪе¶Ҫʥ۷Ϊ
ŦԼһ⣬õ˶жҶСĵ˵ͷſ׾סɱȥ
ҹĿֻһǾնɱףܣǰ̺ͽŦԼдǧٿס
˲϶鷳ϾĸڰȨֺס
Ͼŵҵʱ򣬿ɫװ߳¥Ӣ䲻˵Ե쾡¡
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ǳվڶʥǰ˵һ䣬Ȼһȥ
׻Щǰ˵һĻʾʾ磬ڶʥƽǷˣ׵ϣЩָӲ
ǿ߶аǲһΪǵˡ
ڿ׶ʱʮʥǿҲˣգֱʧˣҶСܹܵõǾͽĸڿ׵
ڿ׶ʱŦԼ崦طıУڶ̸Ҳһˣÿ˵˫Ŀ͸¶ɭɭ
ǶǵΧѾ˽õĸ֣Ҳ֪öʲôֶξȻܹһɸֵʶ
ʱվھԶ¥ϵҶС磬׿Ҫгʱ¶һĨЦ⡣
˲ܹĸܵڶΧǶǽõĸ֡
䡭׸ոշɱդϿգһɫâµһӽ˵ϡ
ಡӰ֣ǶǽõڵǿߣÿΪǿʥһصĸ־ʮʥʮˣ쾳ĸ֣ʮˡ
ôһӾܹҪ̵ȫնɱڴˡ
Щ֣ÿ϶ֳɫĹâЩɫâһƬҫ˺ڰͬǰһ㡣
һѪʧĴӵǲ֮ɫ૵ôô
ڶøֽΧסмΪףۼЩ飬ȫܽеģͲ˷֣񣬾ȻõΧסˣһʱ䣬е˼ˡ
ۼڶȷʵܣõ˶ûз֣ҪҶС缴ʹҲ츳ߣʶǿޱȣӵ侳ĳƻɹˣϧ˵ʲôˡ
ӣڶʥǱӣһ𣿾ȻųӣǸŧǿ׸׵ԵʣЩʥֶȽ
ܵڶʥǿ¸ϽοүõģûսͲܹжսĽܶԷ˶࣬ƴһҲûлᡣ
ԣǻлᣬǻᡣµĻץס˾ĵһ㣬Ұŵ¶⣬⽥Ϊһַ
ڰ߳аߣԴ򸣣Խ¹ȡϵĺڰɣʥĽ١һɫ۵һϵ˵ɫâûɵʥȨȣһ·ˡ
ΪѾﵽʥһ۷壬¼˵ȫܹԿʥصĸ֡
֮ս϶õ˵һ㣬һǳɱӡ
λʥһظ֣װһģһʥȨȣɫâ
쾳ֻɫâûʥ
ţ˻£нø֣֮ʥ쳹һռ䣬·Ҳ
ʱϵɫâԽԽҫˣ·һ޴ķ塣
ܹôȥ֡·Ʋൽ޴ΣΪߵʥǿߴһ˵
֮ʥеİ̸ַ׷˹أѾһսļѡ
ʱվԶ¥ϵҶСɫҲҲܵеĹƻʶһɨַԲǧ֮ڵͨ񶼸һ˿˿΢ĲΧĿռзŽ˾£ȥ


1233 ʢս2
ڽõΧһ˵ʱ̸ҲΧһΣѪǶ˺֣ܶĽøֶ˹
ȻЩֿƺܶ࣬ڽ˵ǾţһëʹȫҲ˺˸
ڵҹӸ߿пŦԼп磬Щâȫɫʥⷢġ
ʶĿʼ͸һƽƽȵȡ
¹ϣ·գͬһ㸩أĹâ֮ʱǽãȻô£ƻĵֶεǲ١
˵һ仰ʱ¶һ˿Ц
ڸ¥֮ϵҶСϾۼЩʱ¶һ˿ɻ𾪡
õ˾ȻܹӰͨܲСǿֲģٻܹһٽҶСش
һĻҶС˽õĿ¡ǿ
Ѿɽøôȥ׵İ̸ַ׷׳ֹɹɿֲƴϱǷŭ˵ľֲƱһ㵭ɫâ赲סˣʹܹ֮ա
·ҪЩŭΧ֮
ǵƶ޷ͻư׹ķÿ˵ɫüΪأ޷ͻƷͺνǳ޷ӳȫ
ֻܹƴˡ
һ𹥻еĹһҪȻǾͶҪˡʥĸִһ˵
һչһֲƥһƥ̺ƣӿƥУʹƥıΪˡ
һƥҪʱһɫĻƾγɣͺһǽǰ㣬ֹƥ֡
䡭ɫĻҲ·Ҫһ㣬˷˹ЩɫĻΪõĹâ
൱һ˶Կǧˣ⵱ȻԿ
ǵ̺пֲƥ·һöʯͶ˴󺣣һЧûУȻһжڰʥǿߵ֮Уƾһ˵ƳǵɫĻôõʵԵ̫Сˡ
ղһΪָ˷˼ǹǸ㡣
ʼʥǿ߷ʩһЯ֮˸ղŹǸ㡣
ƥһ𣬺ƺƵ·Ǿ֮ϵӴƣֺƴƣһֵĩյĸоܶ˶ܹܵǹɻԵơ
ɫ԰ֽڶʥǿɢǲܹ赲ģҲҿڣҪȻֱӱѹȵˡ
һ̼䣬⣬û˹ɫѿޱȣһж£ޱߣʱѾûʲôˣеĲǿѹĵףһս
ꡭɫĻվǵֵסڶʥֺһϲѷ죬޾˹赲סѵơ
䡭һص·ǻ֮ǵɫĻˣϵƴǣͨأк£۳ʵʣԶԶȥ·䣬ѤȴѪȡ
ĻĴƣð˵ĹǱ˲ֹǹɴŻصһſھҪһһȥ
͵Ĺ֮Ȼأԣһµǿľ嶯ͨ˿ѾĲӰˡ
ͺ纣жʮԶ֮ʱΪʥһ۷ִ£ֻ̧еȨǰ̳
ȨȵĴ̳ɹȵɫâÿһ֮ʶһȨ۶ȥ
ˣԲǧڣеعϸһӿ˹ȥ
һȨȵĴ£ɫӴɫâ۳һ׶˹ȥ
̺·˼谭һѵĽӽĵĿռ䱻ѹһ㣬ҶСţѹĿռĻ·Բǧ׾ԻᱻΪƽء
սĵطҲĻڽҹŦԼоҪʧˡ
ˣûвǿıըǾֹ·һռ䶼ֹ
ӱϿ·൱ʵϣһ·磬Ͼûǧڵ֧ţƽͻᱻƣʤһ˲顣


1234 ŦԼеĲа
ܣҶСðȫܾˣĹȣ붼ǰܵˣõĸĺܶѡ
հ̸ֻᱻȫնɱõĸ־Բʧˡ
ҶС統Ȼ鷢ֹ
ҶС˫Ŀйâҫɨ˷Բǧеһз·ҰУתҰڣܹơ
ֻһͷҶСΪǧڣĪϣĬĬˣɲǼָǵϳ˿־塣
ղŵ飬ÿһ϶亹ղǵĴԸͲԼƣǱһ㣬£иӿ־ˣΧ֮ͬһ㣬ֻԶ롣
ڵֹͣӣ̺ͽ۵صĹƽ׶Σ˭Ҳκβ˭
ҶСĵ˵ͷ
ҶСˣҲһǣΪʥһ۷ִɫȴѿ֮
ĶȻܹܵõܹܵõղŻڣʱħĺһһ롣
ĵضΣˣȫȻܣһ䣬ΧһƬ˵ش
ʥһ۷ִɻ󣬲֪ǳʲô£ЩھȻܹѶơ
ڻ˼Щʱȫע˺Ͱ̸ֵĶԿС
̺߰ͽøƽĶʱطĸֶս죬ɫʵĹâҫգɫʥΪҫۣ·С̫ѹסĹâ
ǵĴУս֮صɫĻѾˣӿӣΧʲô¯ãʲôֹ·ͨȫȻݻˡ
崦طս˰ŦԼУֲƻŦԼеĵϵͳеźţս֮صĹâ⣬طһƬڰС
ˮϵ磬绰򲻳ȥڰе˿ֻź;֮У޺˳˺Ϳ־ŦԼеϿա
һ̼䣬עǲֹһսǽһ˴ģսúͰ̸߲Ҳû뵽ݱ䵽ֵزǶ㽫һռգȻսκսбʵ̫ˣǵĹƣŦԼз·˼
ȻѾˣ½еװɣصľޱ䣬ѾһЩ޼ɵ
ؾޱߵĹƶȿҲ֮һ¾棬ǲ̫ıģκı仯Ҫһ̡
¥㣬ҶСſռƮľֺͱ˵һпʮˣȴһżʮġ
սĲпѪȣⲻССһսѣĵĻƽʢ᲻֪ж޹֮ڷ
η壬Ƕսη壬Բϵľ£ŦԼϿյֿ־·˹ҵĶһ̼䣬ֻҪŦԼڵ壬ǶֲͨڡԼߣжη壬ÿеη嶼ͬǶĳһˣҲǶĳһ£Ƕعη塣
ͻȻ䣬ָƽͻȻ侪һ㣬жԾĸ˲٣ղٶһʱ䣬ܹݳһս
΢΢̾һĵһ˿΢΢ʧת˲ͻָƽ̬εͻȻҲһλԵܹһλԵѾǺܲˣ̫̰ķľá
ʱ̺ͽִĻԹѾ۵һ¡
ѾƲסˣÿ˵ͨ
˼µ˳
䡣·ǵ˻ʱҶСµ¥ݺݵĶ˶һҡҡ׹ӡ
ǿֲղŵռըһȭͷСĺᶴڣֲ
ΪұըĿֲŰܶһֶþ˺ĶС
·ǳԱһ㣬ˣǹɱըʣһС֣һСҲֲޱȡ
ƥ·Ǻһɢ
̺ۡͽõĸֶһѪ˲ˡ
ͬʱǵ嶼˳ȥΧľƺդȫݻ٣һƽء
ɱʥǿȻָһһһƥ
ۡ˲ֺһʥǿ߱⽴һأѪɽ
Ϊ˰ڶֵսղűõѹƵбеĵһնɱ˽õˣһƻһŽõȥ


1235 ִ½
սҵ˼㣬̾˺٣ÿһʥǿߣǵͻȻý֮һʱûзӦ
һʱ䣬öøֱնɱȻնɱЩּɽͰʥĸ֡
һֻֻͻɢѪ̵Ĺâ·п֮Ѫܹ׺мս
ʱѾˣ׳Щظֵĵ͵նɱŶ֣·ҪղŵѹеĿ־ͷŭȫȻŷ
ڰУ۳ĲӿȣɫʥҫأʷֳʣֳĶƬҶСվ¥ϣϴŵ΢Ц·ڽζĹۿš
鶼ãʹǻֻܹʹʴȵģͿͻȻ䣬һɣͻȻҶС
ڽζĿһսҶСһʱ΢΢һë
Ťͷֻһɫɳ۵֮ɫʥſŹϻƵİɫȨȣ֮ͬˣе߶ʵʵģ
ǽõĴִ¡
ӣҶСгԷܹϢվߣΪѾһĥĵزҲʥǿߡ
ܶԷΪֻƬ̼䣬ҶСͻָƽĿ˵˵ˣû˭ʴȵģνʴȺǴαıǩѣĿĴҶ˴ס
ȷڲͬҶС磬ҼΪܳ꣬ǽãܹҪһУڱֳǱͻƵʥڽһһ֮֮ϵĵλִ¿ҶС絭˵ûҶСնɱǽһɸֵ顣
ǽãǺǡҶСЦˣΪִ»֣û뵽ȻԼ֦
Цʲôִ¿ҶС磬ƽ˵вһ˿ֵı֡
ûʲôпܼ𣿡ҶС練һ䣬ûеȵִ˵˵ͲܣΪҸͲֻԼҲãҲգֻܹԼοҵĽ϶ᳬν
һ仰ҶСһᶨ
ִ¶ҶС翴һ¶һĨЦ⣬ȷʵޱȣһǲ˵ĻģܴǱҲܴӦľܾζʲô
ף⵽ǽõ׷ɱ𣿡ҶС絭˵·˵һСһ㡣
ǻһŻ˵ķǳãʶʱΪܣѵͲڳɱ㣿ִ˫Ŀɫâ˵
ûչ¶һ˿ƣҶСԾɸоΧĿռѹ·һ˲䣬ܹѹ
㲻նɱҵģնɱҵĻ綼նɱˣղǻûκαҪΪѾ֪ˡҶС絭˵ȻĿͶ˼ҵս
ãҶС硣ִ͵˵ȻĿͶս档
ʱõѾӦ˹ƣĸֶˣĿǰ˵˫ս˭ûռˡ
ŵӦɣãִ˵
ûңɳŦԼȻҲ֪Ҫʲôʲôƻ룬һŹңȻҲŹǽãϾǵһƻִеʱҲԼΣֶֻ֣Σ˵׻Ұǵæ̸ͻȻϮǣܹ֧ŶãҶСʵ
ֶΣˣ˲ţȻô˴ڣڹʱҲһ콾ִ˵
˵ЩɣҶСʵ
ҶСĻִƽ¶һ˿âŴˣҲģǲ鿴ս֣㣬е顣
ܹôһλԵҶС絭˵͸һ˿ĿɬԷΪ֣ҪɱԼ͸һֻһ㣬֪ܲԷΪûж֣ҶС֪ԼҪֱһˡ
ҹŦԼģӦøеԺһеķĽӴ˺ƽ⽫ƣٲʥǿ߲ܹˡִ·ȥżս֮˵
ҶСû˵Ŀս
ʱúͰ̵ĸֶ˲٣ʱսڵ˺ܶ࣬ʱͿ˭ܹ֣˭ֵܹ˵ܹʤҲǲʤ
һսǶԽûǶ԰̶ʧصս


1236 նɱ
սڼԽԽңԽѪȣһһĽ֮ǣִȻ޶ԣû˿Ҫȥæ˼
ǽõ˻湻ʴȵģԼͬҲȥȡҶС翴һִ˵
ʴҲ޶ȵģܹһζʴȣҪȻһѣ仰˵Ҫĥǣһض˵Ļֻǽõĳ裬ִµ˵
ִµĻҶС絭ЦЦû˵һ۾һ¶һĨЦ
ִ½ĿͶսǹ۲ҶСһһҶСǵЦһ˿Ĳɻ
ҶС֮Ի¶鵱ȻԭģһӿȵĹâ˿ףһɫâܹв׵
˲֪֪׵һвͥڣǵͻչֳǿʱ򣬽øֿ϶֧ŲסִµȻۿôְװʱ򣬾Ļˡ
ȻҶСϣһɫҪײڿʱȻǿһְԾصƣ·һƬУס
һƵıŷǵɫâȻɢǱǿƳɢġ
ʱһӰվڿΧؼ·ܵĳٻһ㣬ȿֺӿһӰ
һӰʵ࣬񶼳ˡ
ߡһ·췢ŭһ㣬ڶƺһͻ׻ɫ԰ֽһѪ
ǶԷһĹѣȻôµƣǿޱȡ
õˣǶȥˡһӰзһֻ޴ؼγɣ۳ơ
һֻ޴Ʒ·ڸһգһݺݵȥ
䡭ֻһʥǿߣʥʮ
һĻִɫһ䣬Ȼõ˱նɱ⣬ʱǵӰĵڶˣԷҪõˣȫնɱ
ʴȣػִ˲ʧվպһӰңңԡ
һɫâиһ
䡣ǿɫĻϣɫĻ;ͬʱѣ飬Ϊ
һĻǵӰ΢΢һ㶣˵࣬û뵽óǰĸУȻҲãһǡ
ӡӰ˵֣Χռеҵķţȫһ𣬷·۳ʵʣһɺƴӿһƬ۳ʵʵϡ
һƬΪʵʵ·һƬ졣
ձǻصһƬ½Χ籩һɾ޴ѹ϶£ͬԽ˵ĳͷ
顭ѹ£ȫ֧Ųסˣ˵ϣеڹƽϡʴȵǾͿ־壬ǰ۳ʵ̫ǿˣ˼ϡ
ʱִҲһƬأһϻָƽʴȣһҳ飬ڰջʧ˼䣬Ȱ硣
ǲɫʥԼҫ۵ɫâɫâӿգ·Ǵعһӿ赲һƬ۳ʵʵĽ䡣
ʱҶСض˵Ĺ׼Կ׳֣նɱףȻԶȥڻûеʱ
䡣ײһ𣬱صûзը
ǵӰ۳һƬʵϲѷ죬ִΪʥɫâµȫȻܵһ˿ɣһѪ
ǵӰҲ˼֣ҶСܹĸܵӰ֮ղ˲С˵ҲģĵǾ
ȫȥɣӰһֱؼ۳һѾ޴ͷ
Ѹͷſٵ֮ݺ¡
ִɫһ䣬ٴηʥߴĲ֪ʲôõЩҲһɫâӿΪһƣ׼赲סһͷĹ
ꡭ飬ǰͷҲ޹⣬Ӵϯء
ۡøٴһѪִҲһǵӰٴ˼֡
ʱҶСжˣһײ۳ӡһӾͿס˿ס
ҶСĬһ䣬˲䱬ըѪ׷ףҶС˲ʧڿռԶȽϴĵطȥ
ǵʲôʲôȻǱ˱˾ջֵнˣµĳɼͿ졭


1237 ŭӰ
׵ͻȻը˳һǽ֮ˣҲ΢΢һǶ֪ʲô飬׺ö˶ôͻȻ䱬ըһôһλֵӰػţǲܵ顣
˭˭ҳ׵ͻȻ䱬ըһӰһؼˣȫӿ˹֮ǰʵ࣬Ѿˡ
гɨ·ûʲôܹһ˫ҲޱȣȻܹƤӵ½ԼĶɱˣ⻹˵á
ʲôûз֣ɫѿ˼㣬Ļһܹıжŭ
ղ˽ս̫ˣûиоҶСȥʱ¶һ˿˿
ɫ԰סһ˿ѪĴִ··뵽ʲôҶСǱߵķȥ¥Ͽһˣ˼֡
¾ҶСΪҲûʲô֤ݣο˵ȥֲĶҲš
ҶС磬ȻնɱζնɱӸղҲСĽ̸УҶС粻ԻǱֶΣǳ£ʱգһǽõĸ󻼡
ʱһǿɨ·ֻҪҶգԻʣҪȻŲҶСôƽĽ̸أ
ǣЩõҶӣҪͳͳᡣӰŭĺеһգΪķԲʮڵ·˲䱻ˣ۳һֻ޴ȭͷ
һֻȭͷСɽһС̺ŻԵһȭȥܹһС͵
õ˾ˣִɫ԰ޱȣʱѾˣһӰʵܹǶ֡
ס֣һԡͻȻ䣬һƺƵ쳹һռ䣬һн£ǶǹԼĸ֣ǵĵΪֹһսķ
ûֹܹҡǵӰ˵ȫ۶ɵСɽһȭͷ¡
󾢷紵𣬽úܶ쾳ĸѪֹ˺ܴѹ˸һѪ
ִǿһɫĻһţǣһɫĻֻСɽһľ޴ȭͷȽ˵ĿЦ
ոնһӰͣȰ裬ɫޱȣ໥һۣһ֣õĹâƥҪ۶ľ޴ȭͷ顣
һӰЦһƲ
䡭޴ȭͷ䣬һöûУһȵɨ˳ȥ
һȭ£ԲǧڵĵΪ׵һСγ˸߿գȻ£е¥ҡҡ׹·Ҫ̮һ㡣
һȦ֮£Щгִ⣬е˶⽴ĲܹˣǴִеɫʥȨҲȫˣȫĹͷɢˣһѡ
ȻӰҲûдۣϵ·ǲܾ£һ㣬ٵɢ˿С
һĻӰ¶һ˿ϧ˫Ŀһɨ˵βǸѵպ˵һԵŰݷãҶӲ
˵ţһӰɢˣһ⻮ʧ
ɫÿǵлһ˿ľ⣬Էڻֻһ壬Ҫǰ˭֪жôֲ
һӦûָܹһ꿴ִ˵һڡ
ʱҶСѾóһˣװ־ӣŴϵܣŰȫĵشȥ
㹻˶ʮӵʱ䣬ҶС翴û˸һʵղҲұ֤ᱻ֣һѣԶӮˣնɱ˿Ǳڵв
ҶСһ˲ʧǰУͬʱָԼԭò
ֵľۼ嶼ŦԼеĽսҲǱߣ뻹ǰȫĵطȫݻˣ˷棬·ĩյ٣ŦԼеķ·˹µ
ҶСһ·ûͣŵıһƬڣǶҶС˵ڰͰûʲô
ոս¥ĴǼŮܿˣǼ˰лֱһչӥǰʱȥҰЩ˵ǷŦԼУսʼˣİȫѾˣ档
ǲף濴ҶСʵ
ţʥǿߵսӦ˽⣬ŦԼвѾˣεȷʵֵе󣬿ϧϣ޹ڡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
û뵽ֻΪǼ˵飬ȻôѡɬһЦ˵
ļҾŦԼУŦԼлϱˣܸоĪʹ


1238 ׼뿪
㲻øеŦԼеĻǳģûǸͨ籨ţҲᷢһģսӰ̵ô־ܹƺЩӣҶС簲ο
һ˵ס
ĬһҶС翴˵Ѿˣ׼⼸뿪
ô뿪澪ʵܿʶԼʧ̬΢΢Ȼָ˹ȴǲᡣ
ҶСߣʲôһҶСҪ뿪ˣʱоյģ·һԼǳҪĶʧһ㣬ʵ̫ˡ
ţϵ飬õ˶Ѿ֪ҸǴϢǲ׷Źҵģ뿪ĺáҶС絭һЦ˵
ʲôõ˶֪ˣǺΣա濴ҶС˵ž¶һ˿ġ
û£ֻҪСĵ㣬Ӧûʲô¡
׼ʲôʱ뿪ʵ
⼸ӦѾ鰲ŵĲ˰ɣ׼ȥҶС˵
ðɣ·ҪСĵ㡣ܺܲᣬ֪ҶСչҪȥģ˱˵ͷ
ʱ̺ͽ֮սѾֹͣˣе߶ѾȥĿĵĲƳУͷŭȵȸӵϿյ
һʱŦԼоôˣ֪ߵĿֲһսоܹ˾޴ģսһƬͲڻ¡
ŦԼھ;Ӷжһ߾Ԯת˵ȺڣһץЩûٵķӡ
һʱŦԼĻֹ̻̣ŦԼУˣܶڶһǲҲᱻ
ĩһ˵ϯ½
ŦԼеһս˵ǴĹ򣬴Ӵ˺һЩʥǿ߷׷ףڲеĶУ˻ʱڡ
˵ǱȽϺһЩҲ߽˴УһЩ֣ʥֻûг֣ؾޱ󣬺ܶˣɳһЩֽ˶УȻЩ˶û츳ˣ˶Ŭš
ڶһ磬ҶС˱뿪ˣҲ뿪ҪȥĳˣŦԼĵشһЩûл𣬵Ѿңܶ˶Ѿ뿪ˣҲûдıҪˣҪٴȥ»ûǰ̸ֵע⡣
ǺѾˡոշɳŦԼвã̾ͶҶС˵
ţ֪·ϿȲǽõҲǰ̵ˣ֣ϢߣѾˣЩʵֲĸֶѾˣԲܹǷǡҶС˵
漴ȫϢУߵķϱжȥ
뿪úһзװӳҶСȥķóһͨѶ豸˵һ仰ȻҲߵķ׷ȥ
ʱõҲ׵жǶѰҶС磬·ҶСʲôһ㡣
õ˶ж̵Ҳ֣׷ѰҶСټҲ֪ѰҶС˸ʲôֻҪܹƻ϶ֽõ飬Ƕɡ
㱼СʱҶС̾͵˺ߣǸոս뺣򲻾ú󣬾ϢΧסЩнõˡа̵ˣһ֡
Щнʮˣʥһصĸ־аʥ졣
һضҶС磬һ໥ŶԷ
һĻҶСһЦͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬˫ĿųɫΪѿһӴƱ
ΧЩȫ˼һĿҶС硣
ô£쵽ҶСɫı仯̴
ҲûʲôһЩ飬뾡ϻȥҶС˵һ֮ɫ
̵˵ͷɻѣȴû˵ʲô
ˣܲˣһᣬ־ܣҪȻǲһװӶҶС˵
ҶСһ˹ҰΧһҡ
ʥ⣬ɫÿ˳˺öಽ
ҶС˫Ŀƽǰ͹Χкųͻأ䣬ʧˡ
ۡ赲ǰ˲䱻նԴѪ죬ǰʥ֡
ɱ¾ڼѪҺ
ʱҶСܲˣոĸһŷǧˣֵŷˣҪŷǧ߽սһʹ߱һŷֲţ޷ʹ߸Ϲȥʱŷǧˡ
ŷǧĽ¸ҶСģ뻹˵ҶС硣
ŷһ廹ǲģҶС缫Ϊŭ
ԸҪȻʼջᱻɢնɱзװ
̺ͽеʥǿ˵ͷͬ£ҶС繥ȥˣ໥Ȼš
ɱҶСһӰƵƵƬؼȫӰ飬˷ֲǸǸʱ١


1239 ȫ
ۡӰĳ֣Ѫڶֵ
ҶСĴܼ򵥣ȽЩΪ͵ĸɵȻٷʥս
Լ±һնɱʥǿһУǸͲܹ赲зŭޱȣȴҲκΡ
һö·ղڶֶܶУԻס
ĽǴĸֱնɱ
ʥǿߣ˳Ƭ̣˲˹һѿ֮ɫͬʱȥ
ͻȻһƬһɱ̵֮Ӿ֮к£ٲһ㣬ƣ˹ȥ
ơУзӣһȭϣռ䶼ҪˣһƳ̵Ĺǿľ̹ȥ
ʱһֻ޴ƽ£ݺݵ˹ȥξҰƺƵĺˮӿ
䡭һ˵ıը赲˶ֵĹҶСӰߡ
˽ң˾ͽˡҶС˵
š̵˵ͷһʧˣʱѾҶСһ룬ֻʣʮ̵֣ΪȫܹӦԡ
ٸһλᣬ־ܡзٴ˵ҲҶСΪǿַһҶС磬ӰҶСĶ־
ҶС־ᶨ֮ˣôܵ˵ĻӰ졣
ġҶС˵һ䣬˫Ŀɫâųһþ˲γɣͬʱһʥֳ˹ȥ
һΪȭһΪƣȻͬĹдܵҶСþӰ죬һӾ·磬æңѪڣҪˡ
ġҶСһһˮΧĺˮ·˷ǳײ
˶ͷ亹ϽҶС׼һվգһֻݺݵĶȥ£һֻšݺݵ˲ȥ
䡭ؾ죬ˮײ˸շվͱҶСһֻŲȥ
Ϻˮ˲ʱ佫ûеĺˮ·𶼳Ϊĵˣǿǹȥ
ۡÿһѪɫ԰ޱȣһϽ˺档
ֻһʱ䣬˶ܵ˲ˣһеԭΪǸԷ̫ɢ˸κβҶС硣
ߡзװ˵һ䣬ֱ½طɱȥҲһ
ܹܹҶСսһκΣʼնһ໥֮仹ԩ𣬸Ͳȫ޽ٵһ
ܵķҶСϹҳһ˿ЦһеĿ־壬۳ӡȻѡ
˸ո½طɱͻȻ䣬һȫʹ䵽
ʱһֲޱȵķâ֮նգҪƳһе
һʱ䣬˸ûа취赲
ۡ
ʥֱӱն룬һ˱նȥ˸첲һ˫ȫնˣѪ꣬쳣Ѫȡ
ŵһӵ˺ҶСĿһۣһͷˮֱӳ˱飬ΪģԲʮڵĺˮһ磬ڵϢɢ
ʱ̻ûнЩ˽꣬ҶС粢ûв֣Ŀ̵ս
ԻãŨŨɱԽĶԽΣգ仰һ㶼١
ԴӸ̴̶ɵĹһµľ硣
˿ߣᲦͻΧռЩ˷ʤ
ƴ·ϵƥʥֹȥʧ״̬µǸûжĻᣬȵײǵϡ
ۡ˶Ѫһʱ˹
̵ٴ࣬ͬǴ棬ϢлζöСС
˻һ˫Ŀϳ΢Ц·뵽ʲôĵһ㡣
̵ҶС綼е΢΢ĳԾɹֶѾһµĵزȻܹ˵٣ȷʵ¡
һĵϵϢɢȻЦ⣬ŸղŵӣԵùޱȣɱΡ
Ѿȫˡ̵Ƥգһ۾ҶС˵
ʵ˺ܶࡣҶС絭һЦ˵
ٶ࣬ûÿ졣̿ҶС˵
ҶСЦЦ׼һȥͻȻ䣬Ϲҳһ˿΢Цû뵽ֻ㻹ͦģǺǡ
΢΢һ㶣·ǲʲôһ㣬ĿȥֻԶĺһֻȻ˹
ûǱҶСǿонǺ̫ƽֻ㡣
Ϊֻ綼ˣû뵽ڣҶСڵĹܸȤ
ֻιʱ򣬿ܶʬ壬бõĹâȻһЩʬͽĿС
ҶСһȻ̤ıϡ
Ͻȥٶȿ㣬ȵ˺ߺһ벿ֵĹҶС˵˵
ֻбһ˷ܵĹâȻٶȼȥ


1240 б仯
ޱߣֻ޴ޱȣããֻȻ׺һڡ
ζʱСҶСĴڴ˳ھ￴һܺӡ
ֻһ㶼ҷԣһ˳ӣⲡǾҶСԭ򣬶ηСһСоһηУһηз·ǱѪҺС
ҶС羲ߣܹŹκεᣬÿһʱ䶼ΪҪ
·ǿҶСֻ̲ϣþǰζ棬Снһ㣬ڴıϣôǰΣԸֺ
Ϧ£ҹʱҶСڻص˺ߣȪеĺߡ
ҶСһɫâֻڣǲĺ벿ִֻ㣬Ȼ˷ϰСվҶСļϣ۾˯
ҶСϰֻ¶һ˿ʧܾҶС̣ȻǱ˺ˮڡ
̣Ȼ۪ˮǣһһˡϰҶС翴˵
ðɣʲôҪľܿڡ̵˵ͷ˵
ţˡҶС˵һȻ뿪ˣеķɱȥ
ҶС簴һֱһ·ûйþͳУʶչ糱ˮжԺС
ֻ˲䣬ͲؾֵϢʮصĸ֣ЩϵϢŷˡ
ҶСбų⣬ʱûʱȥЩ֣ŷǧԶҪ
ʶ鿴ŷǧסƽСķڣõļ󷨣ֹʶĿ̽Ͳֹ
ջʶƽСɱȥ
ƽСҶСķڣŷǧߣɫһ˿԰ףʹػСڣУֿɶڿڣޱ飬ֿɶһ˿ǡ
ҶСʶɨʱбһ⣬ٻˡ
Сˣֿɶ¶һĨĵЦݣ
ΪбԵƽСҲǼʱ䡣
ڣ΢΢һҶСӰ֣һ֮ɫµơ
С硣ҶСֿ֣ɶһȻ˵ҶСĻС
ҶС¶һ˿΢Ц¶һĨ⣬ֿɶԴôˣСһ
ҶôˣС绹ҵԴֿɶƵ˵
ҶСЦЦͻȻбһ⣬ףɶͻƵ쾳磿졣
ҶС̾һף¹ĳؾޱ䣬Ũ˺ܶ౶Ҳ˿ռУΪͻҲ֮С
Ҳ֪ͻûУڸоһˡֿɶ˼˵
ͻ˾ͺãԺٻһԱ֮ҶСЦЦ˵һâ˫Ŀбŷֿ̽ɶͥһʺ似ú
ֿɶüĿĵĵ˵ͷһ죬Ȼɿ뿪ҶСĻСҶСļȥš
١Ĺؽ
Щˣȥǧƣ£һ˵ҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ߽ķ䡣
ղŸܵŷǧѾ̫ҪˣŻڿֿɶļ䣬ҪȻֱӾͳŷǧڵķˡ
ҶС߽ȥ󿴵ŷǧڴˣɹڡ
õľۼ󷨣ˣˣٶȶܿ졣
ŷǧмĵطжѵĺۼʱƻѾɣҶСûдţ˳ȥ
ʱֿɶС棬ľվţ·ҳϵˡ
Ҳڵʱ巢ʲô£ҶСɳϿʵ
ŷĸֳ֣Ҫƿеĵնɱ˼ˣɳ˸ĸ֣һߺսһҵǧĸ׼ǧĸߣսԲ𣬷٣ûбǧĸ˵
²㣬ŷ岻ڵܹġҶС˵ʲô飿
һѾѱˣͶŷ壬ͻĿǰǺǵʵ̫ˣԹ˲ϾֻȱסǷĵ̡˵ûаı仯ǳΪʹߺҪĴۡ
⣬ǰϣϳһڣѾʢ˿ƬϿ˹ϳɵģӦģϣط˺ƴĴӦ췣º󣬵Ļ˺ܴı仯ص˲٣⣬³Ǳ߷˱ʣפľһҹȫʧˣ֪ʲô顣˵꣬ĳĬ
ҶС羲˼ţŷĳУֻû뵽Ȼôͳ֡
ؾޱ䣬ӣ߸ذһЩܶʥ۷ǿͻƵʥҲ֮С
Ψû뵽³Ǳ߷ı䶯Կ϶붼ǰ̵Ľ


1241 м߳
ŷ飬һԴģȻһ˲ʶȤôûдڵıҪˡҶС˵һɵɷ˳Ǽɱ¾ɷ
ĵطԲعܣбȫأУĿǰѾʼˣǾȲҪҶˣǵĵ̾УǼֳһѵЩţһȥطѰʷǷ˴ѵҶСջϵɷ˵
ǣ١Ĺ˵漴ԥһ˵٣ҾӦóһҹ¶ԺռһЩ¶ȻǴڹԱ֤Ժ㹻ĺ
⣬ҶС۾Ϊ֮һ뷨ȷʵãһĸ֣ķͲ˵ǻܹ֤ߵ˲Ųӿ֣Ͼ
ͻȻҶСһ⣬˵¶ԺȷʵҲԣΧ̫СˣǿԿһѧԺһܹյİߣܶŴСͶⷽȤһǾܹҳˡ
ٵ
Խȥ죬һҪ̵ʱڸ㶨ڽǮԺӥʵڲĻң취ҶС˵
ǣ١
һʱһâģľеƣȻȥϢһ£Ȼڰ飬ʱ˯߶徫ã㲻ԡ
лл١˵ûٹͣ߳Ȼʧˡ
뿪ҶС羲ɳһ飬ȻָƽģͻȻԵֿɶԼеɻ󣬿ʵɶôֹң
ղСӺˡֿɶ¶һĨǵ˵
ǺǣǸղģԺС粻ˡҶСǸ˵
ɶûС˼Сʲô㶼ǿɶõС硣ֿɶԴҶСļ˵
ǺǣСô䣬ԿɶԶġҶСЦЦ˵
ˣɶûȥѧҶСʵ
󣬸ղϻҸЦݵֿɶˣ·˪˵ӡ
С磬Ͳܹѧϰ鰡Ҳ˵ѧϰôôҶ췳ˡֿɶźС˵
軹Ϊãʲôʱ򶼲ܸ趥죬ûУҶСֿɶԴһ˵
ĺӣӸĸ߶Ǹ̫ϸĻһ£ҲһֹģԼߴ·ǲҵ
ܸĸҪ㹻𾴣ĸֲͷǼӸǶײһġ
ҶСֿɶ˵һΪ˲ֿɶǵԼĸĸġ
ˡֿɶһɵ˵
ԺԵ޹ʵĿˣѾеĹȫաҶС翴ֿɶ˵
֪ˣС硣ֿɶƤһС˵
֪ͺáҶСЦЦ˵ͻȻ䣬б⣬ڷУҪȥСȥһ
˵꣬ҶСʧˡ
ƽС棬Զһҵ¥ϣһӾվž⣬ĿķǡþҶС緿ķ򣬴ɢܹΪѾؾ硣
ͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬һ˲¥Ϸ϶£׼Զܳ
ˣˣոմ¥Ϸɵյʱһ
һͬǴħľп־
һһɺƴ½ٶȻӡ
䡣ݺݵҵֲߵСУһǿҵ𣬷·ǷС͵һ㣬¥΢΢˻Ρ
ʮ¥䣬ٱһɾ޴һٶȣһש̳ɵСҳһο
ʱȫλĹҲѣȫѪˣûϾһ쾳ߣǺǿġ
ʱһӰ䣬վǰĺ⣬ϴһ˿΢Цһ΢Цôı䡣
㡭ȿȡҶС磿һ߿Ѫһʵг˲ȷء
ŷʲôƻҶСӸµĿʵûлشԼǲҶС磬Ϊûʸ֪
ô֪ŷģȿȡҶСˡӿȳһѪ˵¶һĨ֮ɫ֪Լ붼ˡ
شҡҶС絭˵ֻ֣ȴһֲݷζ
ӳĬһԸشӡ
ҶС¶һĨпЦݣ̧ţӵָϣȻ
׻˵ʮָģǿҵʹдָϴĶͷ亹¡
Ǻǣ㻹ǿҶС絭һЦƬ̣һָҶСȳһࡣ
ҶСûֹͣڶָ
˵ҶСĸָʱ̲סˣϽ˵
ʱҶСѾ˶ħ


1242 Ұ¼1
̫ˣһõ𰸵ġҶСҡҡͷ˵ӵָͬʱɫâ˫Ŀдֱ̳ӽͥУȡļ䡣
ûжãҶСջĿ⣬һɫâֱӳһ࣬Ҫжҡ
˫ĿһɨɨΧأͻȻӰʧûӵʱ䣬ٴλصԭأȴһҰ
ֻҰݲģһĹëûˣһܿӣҶС罫ڵûᡣ
·ŵŨŨѪζֻҰУȻҶС˵ӵʬ
ҶС羲ĵȴţ˫Ŀ·ǲĿһĻþã˫ĿбųһâһֻҰץһʧˡ
һĳ̣һͷֵǼɣõȥǸ˵ӣоһȣǲӿظˮһϸǱֱ˫ȣǹһۣڶӶΪ֮ԡ
ǰ붼룬ֻܹ̾ԴӼ˷书ؼһǧ˷ĸλ
ݵı仯úܶмһ˵˶ڣǸҲĿһֺõӣĻȻŹڶεĽӴֱĴϡ
ǸڴϵķɧģоͻȻȵģ⣬һҪսڶ²˴
ǷĵӣŽûһĻʱһͻȻ
ͻȻһһ㶣漴ŭǲ֪ôȻҴүΣ˵ûʲôҪ飬һҪ趼ʶ
Ӱʱ򣬸ое죬ϸȥͻȻ䣬Ժбųһâ˲ǡ
㲻˵ҶСʵ׼ȥĴӪҸһ£ȻִһеԷй·ߺڸ˵ĻһģһӶ붼ǷӵˣҲãʡȥܲ
硭ٺá˵л˼֮ɫҪ֪ڵ˽ٵһƽʱײβһ˺Ѽõļ˷٣Ǹһ겻ȥǸɧӣҲԸ⡣
ǷӵˣҰһ¡ҶС翴˵
ǣǣԸ˵ϲٰ֣ܹ£ǿҰ
ҶС˵ͷָŽһֻҰ˵ҽһֻҰ͵һȥ͵󣬾˵ŷһֻҰֻҰһܡ
ǣ٣һµġ˵
ҶС˵ͷȻһâڣһâ԰ֵһʱʥǿߵĹ콫ס
˵꣬ҶСʧˡ
ҶСվĵط˫Ŀģ·ʧȥһ㡣
žԼϳһ¡
ʹģûΣȻǷ١ɵɵЦţֻҰ޵ʱ˷ܵıֻҰ¡
ҵĸǰޣʲôôࡣ˼ĭ˵ͻȻҶС罻飬ϽǼɣõɱȥ׼һȻǰһܲ
Ǽ½ҶСƽСɱȥŷӵļУҶСѾ֪һּƻŷ׼жС
ֻΪҶСеˣȻܹɳһʥֶҶС֣ҲܹҶСߵ˳֣ɳһЩʵ͵˶ҶСߵ˳ֻǿԵġ
οؾޱ䣬ŷһѪȺܸߵˣϣŷǧع飬ŷǧͼ˽ϣһܹѪȸߵ˳ҲΪŷԺ롣
εҰ¼ȸһѵҪȵŷǧȫԺûκι˼ٶǳ֡
ҶСصֿɶСţûдţߵ濴С
ֻҰһ·ƣûöþ˵һܲһҽ̻Ի͵Ļװ޵ļΪĽ
ʲôˣϽ뿪ҪȻǲߵһſڣɫӵǰ˵һľ裬һҪֵӣҪǰһŵӣѷգֲǰˣȭܹ㶨ûҶСĿġ
Ƿˣٵǵİ˵
ٵ֣˵ɫһ䡣
Եһȥʾһ˵Ȼ˽ȥûйãӾ˳
ǰȥֻҰӵһȥ˵ĿһеҰ˼ҶһЩɰĶãƫƫһҰⰮûر𰡣
ͻȻ䣬һ£ǰϳһϢ֪ǸҵһӾȻһֻĸ˹ϵΪ¶̡
£ֻҰгĵһòҲְðɣؿζ


1243 Ұ¼2
Ȼ֪뷨Ҫ֪Ļ϶Ƚһ٣ȻʵԼе뷨
һֻҰǷҴģҪáƽ˵
໥һۣȻ˽ȥչȼһûдһŴȥĵһֺȫ
Ұ߽һú󣬵һ۱㿴һɳϵӣμĴУе΢΢Ľţһ뵽ԼǴ٣ʲôµġ
һ뵽ƽ˺ܶࡣ
ֺȫһŻʵʲô飿
ҶС磬ֺȫǴﺦ£ŷвŷ˵ֶΣޱȣˣͶŷˡ
ҶСͻȻ˰ݷɻѣ֪Ϊʲô顣
㽫һֻҰ͸ŷˣֻҰ̺һܡ˵˵һֻҰ˵ϣȻ˵ѾٴݵˣûʲôĻҾˡ
ոת߳ͱǹļһﵲסˣһǹǻҪģȻеţзٸǵâںʲô뵽תֱżֺȫ˵ʲô˼
ֺȫû˵һ˵ʲô˼Ӧǵһĵ̣߾ߣǵһﵱʲô˸һֻ֡
ӵĻ䣬־óǹԴϣһ׳һѸͷ˹
ƣ˵ǼٵģҶСһâܹסֵĹ
Ȼк£֪ԼܹôˣҪȻĿǷٵˣʱ򣬷ЩǻһļһһὫж˿飬ǿװһӲ˵ҪɱҪǡ
Ÿͷ׳ȥһ䣬ѾߵǰоԼ˫ڷ
ˣ˵սնʹĻϵ˻ΪǺˣ뿪ɣʱֺȫˣȻ֮ôȫΪ˸һ
żֺȫ£Դϵǹͬʱ׳Ҳ뿪ˡ
ȥ߷٣Ҫߴߣŷܹ˵ġֺȫ˵
Ļһٵġ˵Ȼתߣ߳һʱصһģҪ
Ͻ˳ȥ
ߺǸڣֺȫҰһɻ󣬲֪ҶСĿľʲô
ô죿ղſ˵Ҫʵ
ôˮڣиֳֵĻŷһֵģȥɽֺȫ˵
ǣӹ˵Ȼ󽫱ֻҰ˳ȥֻ֪ҰʲôܣһʲôҪĶŰֻҰŷĲʹˣֻѧŸղӣһֻҰ
ƽС¥̨ϵҶС磬¶һ˿΢ЦܿǾܹյҵˣ뿴Ƕյ̬ȡ
ҶСҲΪ˴Ӿȴŷ壬Ȼڳȫնɱŷһ̵ӡ
ʱһŲ𣬳ֿɶûˡ
С磬ôվﲻȥֿɶСҶСʵ
Ǻǣеҹ˵ԺҪôҹͿˡҶС絭һЦ˵ŦԼеǸҹǺڰǵĿ־壬Ĵսʱǻǰ
Ϊʲôῴأֿɶգ۾ʵ
Ժ֪ˡҶСЦЦ˵
Ŷֿɶɵĵ˵ͷ
úһܹиǽȥҶС翴ֿɶ˵Ȼŷȥ
ֿɶҶСһ˽ȥ¶һĨᶨСҺúҾͺúȡԺܹܹСæ
ûú󣬼ֺȫ󲻷ıɽŷ־С
ŷһ˵ԼҪ󣬱ֵĴһͤС
ʲôҪң߸ո߽ͤһƾճ֣ʯϣĿʵ
һ۵ӣһϢɲ⣬ȻѾﵽ۷塣
ˣķҸһҰ˵Ұ̺һ޴ܡֺȫ˵֪ǰһĸ֡
ŶҶСˣӺ˵漴һۼֺȫһ걧ŵҰҿ
깧ĽһֻҰǰԶȻ˵˼ֺȫ
ŷĸ֣һֻҰһɻӣûпһֻҰ̺ʲôܡ
ֺȫվʱʱ֡
ãͻȻ䣬ŷбų⣬ɫ䣬Ƿŭ֮ɫȻһǿƳϯ˷
䣡
ͤɾ޴Ƴˣֺȫȫɨ˳ȥһѪ
ҶС磬ŷ壬͵ŷķ񱨸ɣ


1244 Ұ¼3
ŷ֣һƺƵϿվƾ죬е˶ܶ¶ã֮ɫ֪ôһ£ֻһս˵Ҫˡ
ʱһɫԼʻȥһʱһ˫ĿһĨϲ˲䣬¶һ˿ŭ֮ɫ쵰ˣҲһһҪեɡ
Сγʻһξ󣬷һȻ³ķʻȥ
ƽСҶС緿ݵĿУڸֿɶһѧϵľͼɣǵ
һҶСЦһĵҰ磬ߺߣǲѪ߹Ҿ͸һ߹󡯵Ѫ
С磬ղǵֿɶ¶һ˿֮ɫǵиܵޱȾ˵ĺƴơ
ģǲҵĶ֡ҶСЦЦ˵
ҶСӣֿɶ˲٣̲סѵС磬ҪСһŶ
ģΪǣСԲµġҶСֿɶԴ˵
ҶСһΪǣֿɶ¶һĨߺ죬ͻȻ䣬ҶСղԴֽСˣʱЩ˵С磬ô˼Դˡ
ǺǣϰˡҶСЦЦ˵
ʱɽУŷϣƱɽ飬÷һ𣬷Хͬһھ֮Ͽ衣
ŭȼգ·Ҫȼˣŭ̺ȵɱ⡣
ֺۡȫǼǹƺɱ£һѪ
ಡصĸȳ֣֮Ļĸ֡
磬ʲôˣŷһʵΪѾغڣٲһ͵۷ˡ
֮ͬ˵ʻŷϵƣָһֻҰĿɭȻ˵֪ʲô취ȻŷѪֻҰ
ŷĻڳŷɫ˲úѿ˦ƵɫҪѿ
϶ŨҵɱЩɱΧγ籩
±ҶСϵʱ򣬳ĴŷҪء
Ǽ谡Ҫ֪ŷһ崫꣬Ѫ߹ޱȣΪӵѪҺŷһӵҪͨ鶼ǧѣǸҪͨ飬ǽǸɱҲŷѪҺ
ŷǧһ¾õӣҶСعʱЩֵУŷĸ֣ŮӣҶС綼ˡ
оܹǶŷѪжôĿء
ҶСֻҰʳŷӣȻֻ̼Ұŷ塣
ڵľˣֻҰҲŷѪҺ
ŷ˶Լӵܺͨ飬ɿǼѪҺһֻҰϡ
ⲻǽŷһֻҰЭһ£ø߸ϵܹܵˡ
ɱҶСɱɡһĹâ˵
Ҫնɱŷʱܵ衣һ˵ͬɱ⡣
ǻǽ¸߸ɣǵնɱҶС硣һɫƽڷ·̺һɽ˵ȻѹԼеŭ
ŷһ˳Ĭÿ֮ͬ
ֻҰô죿һʵ
ʣȻնɱһΪصĸ˵
⻰һЩ˼ĿͶɫϣһ֮ɫ֪ΪԼ
ǲװŽϸ룬ھնɱŷһѪҺԶˣŷһһʽȹŮ˵
һ֮ɫȻ˵ҸղŲһ£Ҳòô˵Ұɣ
׳գҾô˵ˣôˣŮӱһۣм˵ܹһһԩˡ
㡭
ˣҪˣڲڶʱôҶС縶ŷһĴۡŷһ˵ɫޱȡ
ʱе˶˵ˣĬ⣬ʵ뽫ҶСȥι
ŷһ죬һεֻҰա
һֻҰͻȻҧŰɭɭݣŷҧ
졣һظ֣һ˫Ŀоķѣеŭ޴йֻҰȻҿͣޱȡ
ǺǣŷѪҰϣҲֵ֪ǿˬˬ


1245 Ѫ
ءֻҰһ¶һ˿ãƬ̼䣬Ϊؾĸ˷ܵҡҡβͣ·ֵͬࡣ
һֻҰĽֶʱŭ죬ҲƲסԼˣֻӶһεľŷҪƯҰһӴ
侲һ㡣ŷȵһƣϾǴϵΣӿһӾͼɢŷһֵĹ
ŷĻ˻ƣȴһâݺݵĴһֻҰ
ֻҰηĵһίӡ
ԽŷһѪҺȥŷ˵˫Ŀâ·֮ϵǳҫۣƾһһֻҰһѪܱȴֵûһѪ
һĲŷϱһţצ״ǵĲƯյֻҰӶȥ
ءֻҰʹĺл¶ԻʳŷһǿߵȫǣѾǡ
ʱʧŷɫԽԽѿŷһѪѾСڵѪҺںһͳ벻ҪͻֻͬҰϵѪҺһʧȥЧŷһѪǺһֻϵѪҺһ
磬Ҫ׷ˣѪͳ벻ˣܹĻŷ綼ЩһӵѪҺеѪȫˡʱһ˵л۹
Ҳ׷׵ͷͬ˵ŷҲ֪Ȼһ˿ҵ
ʮңûнǼѪǲ֮ɫ
ȥһˣ±壬˳ҲֻҰȥеĸûʲô취ŷ˵ɢʧֻҰֱӵ˵ϡ
ƣߺеͽˣϣ㾡콫ȫУҳᣬŷǧߡŷһ߸ݵ˵
磬ģһὫ°õġŷƼᶨ˵˲䣬ɫһ˿ԥ磬ҶСô죿Щ˸͵ֵסĹ
ģǻĻûеŦԼôҶʱս϶ٵкܶ¥㣬ʱΪȳֵҶСһܵЩ˵ƲãȻܹеûзȫնɱŷ˵
ŷĻЩ΢΢һЩ˶֪ҶСһĹھѹһ֣ǼŷĸǱҶСҪϵˣϳ˴ȻûͻƵʥ
ŷ˵ɫ΢΢һ̾һץץֻҰһʧˣһ仰ˣȾͲҪˡ
ҶС¼˶Ѿ֪ˣǲûвȡʲôֶΡ
֨ڣҶСΪֿɶѧϵʱһ̶ɲϻҹգСƽ
ʶһɨҶС᰷ĴСγ˳Ȼ¥ٶȼ졣
ΪŬԭ򣬷Ҳͻˣ쾳硣
С磬ǵǣֿɶĿҶС˵
ˡҶСЦЦ˵
᰽ˣֿɶ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
ડʱһ󼱴ٵĸ߸ЬӴƬ̣һӰſ˽һ·˹ķᰡ
ʱķɫĽ䣬Ǻɫĳ̿㣬ŵһ˫ɫĿϸЬǱϵ˫ȳеĸƽָϣƤС΢΢¶һ֮УԱӢľգԵĲɷ
ˡҶСǺһЦ˵
쵰Ҳ֪һǲȥұȥ᰷ĿһɿҶС˵
ҲǸջáҶСǸ˵
ߣѵ㲻绰ЦһҶСһۡ
С㣬ǧˣһææĹ۲ǧƣûüǴ绰ҶС˵
ǧˣʲôʱ飿ô֪˵زأڵһѯҶСĸ⣬ٳ졣
㲻֪һΪ֪أǧѾҪˣڻָУܹ˾ųɰɣҶС˵
ô飬ȻңСӡҧ˵
ôһ֪һݵģһšҶС˵
ңҷҪЩ˺ǧ˴᰻Ӷȭͷݺݵ˵
һԵֿɶһݵĿŷᰡ
㣿ȥ˸˼춼ҿûȥҪȻҪһԱˣʲôʱͻ˰ʥࡣҶСһ۷˵
㾹ȻҿһҪեɣٸҿᰵҶСһ˵ͬʱߵҶСǰֱӿҶСĴϣһ촽ӡ˹ȥ
ɶҪ̻Сӡ뿪ᰵǣҶС˵
װɣΪҲ֪ͽֿɶˡᰱӵ˵ٴνԼȥ
һԵֿɶϷߺ졣


1246 ǧ
Ĵڣ᰿ҶСϣһȵļ飬ֿɶʱʱ͵͵һ£һ˿Ľһ˿ߣһ˿ʧ䡣
ܵŮ˵ķͻȣҶСһΣߵңֿɶѾŮӷϵḶ́ǣ˼ѵʱ򣬻еΪ顣
ûжãоʹŮ˹ͬһ
ֿɶɫͨɳҲǣҲǣҧɳ
һ޴Ŀռ䣬ľïΣҶƬǲľĸ߶ȶ߳ңʻޣҷƮɢ䣬γһǳأΰԻͣŷء
ʱһӰһֻҰŷ壬Ӿŷ
ֱֱ๬ǰߴޱȵĴȥŷӴ˵Ĵ
Сôͻˣǲǽе鴦ˣжȥʱһ漴һװŮӳǰ
ûУǱߵ鷢һ⣬뽫Ǽ±峤ŷ˵е㲻Ȼ
ʲô鷢ŮӺʵ
һȻ֪ˣ㣬ȥ峤ˡŷ˵һȻߴΰĴɱȥ
СӣȻԽ㻹ܡŮӿŷ뿪ıӰ˵
ŷʱѾһӣ˫ĿǺת棬һȻɢ
ŷ峤ŷĿ˵
Ǳ߷ʲô⣿ڸϵʵŷһ峤ŷҲŷ컪ŷǧס
ŷؿһŷȻ¼˵ŷ
ŷɫѿޱȣȷʵڳŷ壬޲ֱӳֽҶСǣңΪŮӵľ档
һʥصĸֶŮһˣ˵ˣŷ񻹵ﲻ˼ҡ
㾡ȥе飬ҵٴʥ֣ҪȻһ֣Ƕ޷赲ʥߺǹؼʱ̲ܹãŷ岻ܹΪڶʵеһƻصļ塣ŷŷ˵
ǣ峤ŷ˵һ뿪ˡ
ŷߺŷŵֻҰŭ
ҶС磬ŷ壬ȴĳ׶Һ󣬾֮աŷ˵һӣһֻҰȻʧ
ڶգҶС˯ѵʱѾϾŵˣߵѾԶȥֻµ㡣
ҵĴ̣ҶСЦһ£ϵķ̫ˣһмܲס
·ҶС߳䡣
С硭ֿɶֻȻɳϣһСȴǺ˵ģԵüΪˡ
ûѧȥҶСӺҵͷʵ
ֿɶգ۾˵¶һĨƤ֮ɫ
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ҲûпΣˡֿɶҶС˵ܲ
ҶСЦЦû˵ʲôһͷ䣬һֿɶ᰽ߵʱ˵ϾһΣٴλҪեɡ
仰˵ֿɶԽԽСˡ
ҶСһЦᰣ뽫СӶ̻
ҶСһֱû뿪һ߼ŷһĶһߵȴŷǧ
ʱŷǧ˹һѾָ˵˰˳ɣû˴󰭡
Ϊҵˡŷǧӷ߳һǸĿҶС˵
ž
˵ʲôҵŮˣҲΪ㵣ģΪ˭ġҶСŷǧһ¡
ŷǧǻ۵ĿһĨģҶСһ˿𣬲ҺãϵʱͷᰴսһҪȻˡ
ҶС罫һʱ䷢Լϵȫ˵һ飬ҶС˵ԼŷѪڽҰʱŷһǰۡ
ǲ֪ã㣬ŷһѪںϣŷһԼˣҲܹѪҺΪһ壬οǺһֻҰŷǧҶС˵
һˡҶСЦЦ˵
Ѿһˡŷǧ˵ǻò˶Ҳ뵽Ҿ֣ǴڿʼҪ㹻׼δѡ
ţҪԼʵµǸʱҸ覹˼ǡҶСҲ
£̫ҪʹǽΪֻҪ㲼һ󷨣ǾܹȫΪҪĻΪһΪ㹻ߣûǸͶԸǡŷǧɹ۵Ϊŷǧ
ףνе鴦һȥһʱ䣬ȡܹͻƵ㣬Ǹʱ򣬾һ˵ȨˣܻһЩϹŶĶ֣ӦöУ׳֣Ͼλ塣ҶСЦЦ˵
ŷǧͬĵ˵ͷ


1247 ļѾ
һʱĺܿ죬ŷǧ̸һƺҶСȪеͯǴһ绰һƽȻŷǧͺʫȥһȦ
еǸɱ˰Ѿˣһо֢ӣƽʱ򣬿ʵ񣬺Ͱˣһɱ˲գۣС
Ҳѹ˺ܳʱץס֡
ҹдһ磬Ѿһ˿ζڰĻϷǵ㣬¹ˮ￴ϵĹ
Ϊ£ܶȥ׼רȥǲйǳŦԼбǼû˸ȥˣҲ˺ܶࡣ
ԹҶСվ¥̨ϣ˫Ŀ˲ʶչжԺг֣˵һһӲʶ
Ȼʥ֣ҶСҲãһնɱ˰ɣ
ãҶС˵Ҳжʱˡ
仰˵꣬ʧˡ
жһҴ;Ƶķڣһɻ̿һɳϣվ꣬ǰɫưڣһ߸ϵӣ·Ǿ飬ڸܿܿ
ӶŷˣǵΪﵽأŷ˱ҸоãΪֻǵΪΪǾи߹Ѫͳ
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װѾôˣѵûпǺ𣿡һг˵һĲͷ
ǻ֮У˵ȻΪÿ˵һƣƷһơ
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Ҳûа취Ϊ˻ֻܹˡ
ѵһ֣߽Ų˵ϣȻ飬ˮ
Ҫϻ⣬װѾǺܶʱˣѾŷ壬Ϊŷ£ȫʧһ𰸣ҪȻ֪˫Ŀž˵
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ʱҲìܣѾҶС磬Ϊ˷һ֣ǣͻȻһŷ壬˵ȫ
һʼȻͬˣʶ˶ԷֶκԥˣΪԷֳʵʵֲ̫ˣҶСһ㡣
ҶС绹η弸֣󣬶⼸ίߣ׼ʱ䣬һʼóԺúȵźţҲû˵ʲô˭֪ͻȻ䵽Լһ
ʵ̫ΪˣŷʵǣҶСʵҲͦǿģԼĵܾܵҶСǱ¡
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ǵʱ޵ģٸһСʱʱ䣬ҪһҪȻͻͲҪˣ֪Ͷ˷ǲ⣬ֻҪͶϣеǻᣬʵǰɣŷһʵͲܹģǼ߳һֶܹҶС࿹⡣˵дв͹ƻ
⻰ɷϣĶһЩҵʱʶʱΪܣȻŷôǿѡŷû
ǣһһͳˣȻŷʵôǿΪûȥշ
뵽£еǹͶϵĳ嶯˲ʧˣȻﻹڣ˵ڲҶ
磬ʱʲôأѵҪֵȫһȥ𣿡׳˵
û˵üͷ壬˼š
磬ŷʵǿҾһѡ񡣡ʱһ˵ܵͣ·һ㡣
ɳ꣬Ϲһ˿ЦݣյƷζźƣֻҪˣǾͻܵĽʱΪܹ
ǾŷʵǿǾͶǰɣҲǿǣ˼˼˰˵
˿˿ˣȻ໥һۣȻǰͬ˵ԸͶŷһ壬λ˵ķԸ
úáǺģֻҪǸǣɵĺã˵ҲǱɸ֣ʱ򣬷ݵءɽڻ¡ɳʼ˵Цһ˵Ȼ󵭵Ŀһ
ĻղŷһͶϵ¶˾ϲͼ
ллˡ˹˵
һݵءɽǵΪͷʱһ˷ƮƮ죬·һ㡣
һɳϵɫ䣬Ͼܹжϳ˵Ϊɲ⣬ͲܹԿġ
˭ҪװŪҳȻվ𣬴һ˵ûзԼһ˿ĲǱϵ侲Ǳġ


1248 ȫն1
һ¶һĨϲɫ˶·࣬ΪѵľˣҶС٣˵ҶСͲЩˡ
ղͶŷһ꣬ɫĸϽվŷһ󣬾ĿΧ·ҶС˲ֶǶһ㡣
װŪǺǡΪҾͲңΪ˵ôһмںĿ
һӣҶСӰͳԵɳϡ
ҶСӳιɫùһƿδĺƣԹ˴򿪣һɺС
ͦúȵģЩϺúȣҶС絭˵ͷβûпһۡ
˸ͲҶСۿ
ٺáɳվĽһѾ̬ȣѡҶС硣
ٺáҲĽһҲѡͶҶС硣
ҶС磬ѵŷԲɣųѸһȣɫĿҶС˵
ŷҽҪնɱŷˡҶС˫΢΢һ˵ǹҳһ˿΢Ц
ɫ䣬ǱϾǴӵܣǲ˲ɫͻָ
ѵͲģɧңЩƲ𣿡˵ͬʱһɿֲƱҲһӴƳ
רôģһΪ˸ŷһźţΪΧĿֻźͱҡ
ֻϧǸͲɹ
ϵƸոձӵʱҶСһѹ£·췢ŭһ㡣
ϵֱӱҶСѹ˻ȥ·ǸոԾ˸߿վͱһ
ۡǿƷɣһѪ
ӦеĳͷɣҶС˵ǴӾĵһ㣬⡣
ҶС绰£ŷ˵зãĹâͻȻ䣬ǵбų⣬̽թ·ƶһ㡣
𡭡˷һҰ޵ĺȻԭʼķʽŤһţǷ·ԼǸߡ
צԷҧԷһѪܣսڼֻзĺУûʹ
һԵĿǸ棬ŤȥͷҲһг˺⣬ҶСֶΣиӿ־
ǸûпҶСʲô˾ͬҰһ˺ҧһһ˿ңҿղûͶŷ壬ҪȻǿҲûʲôˡ
ҶС֮ķʽԴŷһˣҲΪ˸һ档
ҶСɳƷζźƣͻȻĿһſڵλãҶС겻֪ʱѾſڵλãҪܡ
ӵ𣿡ҶС絭˵˫ĿкҪҶС֣Ѿ˹ȥץסҶСǰ
ҶС翴˿ˣȻĬ˶ͷһ亹֮Գ֣ܴһԭǲúŷһһϾǶһ¶ˣе㲻̡
հ洦ɣǵһΣҲϣеڶΡҶС絭˵
лл١˸Ͻ˵
һŷһϵϢʧˣûһĵطϲץۣǳݺۣеĵطѾ˰ɭɭĹ⡣
ӦûбңҪȻװӣҲ죬ʬȱáҶСĿ˵
ǣ٣ҾԲᱳ˵Ȼ̧ͷʱҶСѾʧˡ
˷Уϼӿܹܲ⡣˵
ȻĿͶ˵£ǰǵĲÿ˿һ£Ǿ˻֮С
Ƕһ죬ϣóԺúȵ͸ǣÿ˶ҪΪԼĴѡۡ˵΢΢һ̾Լֵȥʵǲġ
ҹĻ֮£ҶСκǰҹе飬меĸֶӲʶ
ŷĸֲҶЩСȴԶͼЩСɣһһʳЩСطƦӣѹͿϡ
ҶСж
һKTVСУһںɤųŸ裬Ů壬ͻȻ䣬ƿסһ㣬һ˿ӿ˳죬ŮӲ֪ʱѾˡ
ѵе˷˵ϣ˫ĿɵúԲһֵӣϵϢѾɢˡ
һɫĻͻȻ֣ӻȼûмӾͻΪһѷĩޱȹطȻûаȼյĺۼ
һе־ҶС硣
Уһŷ˲֪ʧû֪
ʮӵʱ䣬ҶС罫ڣɢŷ֮ȫնɱˣʣɽˡ


1249 ȫն2
Ƕ죬ͬǳС鸩ҲоСͬһ㣬ڷҵʱֽܽҶСնɱ˺ܶŷĸ֣ûһ˿
նɱˣ˾Ҫնɱ
ɽˡҹУҶС˫Ŀйâ·ϸ΢ķ
ͬһ㣬ɽķȥ
ɽڶ̫֮䣬ﻷˣҰѵõԵĺõط
ûö೤֮䣬ҶСɽ޴ޱȣһǧĶң¥̨ͤϪˮ򳡡򳡡ֱרųأΪ
ɽΧҶС罫Լȫƶͨûʲô𣬴ʱʥֵʶ鿴ҶСĴڡ
ҶС˫ĿĹâųһ죬ƾһգһɷâ֮۳ĳͳС
ʶչԺг֣ҶС˫ĿĿվ
ʮӺͻȻ˫Ŀ˶ӰƮӰƮϳ·Щ·ŵ
ЩҶСзâ۳ĳ̳ģһ߿̣һ㽫еע˽ȥΪ˲ʹɽеĸַ֣̻·ٶȿƵĺ
ҲһֲôķЩ·Ǵĺۼһ㣬һͻعָЧ
ҶСֻܹһЩ򵥵󷨣磬󡢾ȵΪ򵥵󷨣ɱһòˣΪлûЩƵһͻС
ҶС粼õľһ򵥵󣬻иϢãҲһЩҪ鷳ҪǲʥսʱһСĳ˽ޣٵΧĹ·ཨһ¹ⲿŵ˾Ҫ鷳ˣҪȻһֲĸ־ͻ޼ɵд֣ĵҾҲҪʼˡ
ɽׯܴ󣬶ڳβһ󷨵ҶС˵һκƴĹ̡
ʱһһĹȥɽΧ·ҲԽԽˣ·̺ǹˮһߣһ̲ˮ
㹻Сʱһ̻·βӣһ޴ҶС̻ˡ
ʱҶС˴ľɫһ˿Ĳ԰ף̻󲻽Ҫר־Ҫܵ㣬̳·һ˿һܹƫҪȻͻδ֪󷨣Բȫը٣߿̻󷨸ͲܹãС⻭ͼ
һȵ֮ӿķ룬˸ûܹ쵽
СʱҶС罫Լ״̬ڵ۷壬ʱѾ賿ˣܶ˶˯ˣӰһʧˣ׵С
ҶСУڣȴΪ͵֡
һͤУΪؾĸһ߳ˮһţһ߸̾ѣҾֵĿʼȵ⡣
ĸ˶ûвൽȻγһܽǵѪҺС
ҶСֻ֮۳ĶֻҪһͷĸ˾ͻᱬը
ֹΪ£Ϣ˷ʤ
ַҶСסЩغ߰ص֡
صĸ֣ҶСû׼ַƣΪظֶĿѾﵽһ״̬
ƽʱǲ죬ȻսĻͲһˡ
ҶСûظ֣һ϶һսʱٽҲ١
УһʥһصĸǱȥʥһĸһƬݵһֵơ
ҶСֵ֪һ׶صĺԴ̼ѪеͬʱҲʹһǵѪҺУʹӡ
ҶСʶУһʥ֣һ¥Уͬһ㣬һֵƣ˰ڳƸͬ
ĵȴƬ̣ҶС۳һһʥһĸն
ҶСֵ̫ͻأˣοʥһĸָͲҶСĶ֣ŷĸ֣ӦûУֱӱնԴѪ졣
һǻ֣ʥǿ߾ȼ
ҶС磿û뵽㾹ȻǰͲǳȥ¥̣ù֯еϣʱһʥִһ˵
쳹С
ҶСһٽʥ֣ȴһʥ֡
ߺߣֻҪǸᡣҶС˵
䡭һ¥ըѿһվգʥǿߡ
ಡӰ֣ǽҶСΧסŨҵɱ⡣
˵һһ֣кʥ࿹ȴţҵҪǲܹʥ࿹⡣ʥһصĸ˵
ŷѸ뿪սˣͽΧЩ¥ȫٵҾͲҶСԺܹţǹ֯նɱ㣬ҲὫʥź˵
ǡŷ˵˵ͷ˵


1250 ȫն3
㶼Ѿ˵仰ˣһս㶼䶨ˣս֮ǰһһݴ͸ǡҶСϹҳһ˿пЦݡ
ҶСһ֣ŷһЩУȥĸֺһʥ⣬ȫը˿Ѫ׷ɣƵҰԴͷɢ
ո׼뿪ظֱǿɫף۵Ϣе΢΢ɢ
ǿԼôȫըһƱų·ŭڸ߿շڣ˫ĿзŭĹâ۳ʵʣҪҶС̴
ǸϽ뿪סݻһЩ¥㣬ǻˣǾᡣʱʥִһ˵
ظԥһ£˫ĿкݺݵĴҶС磬Ȼɽɱȥ
ˣȻҸǰѾ㹻׼ҶС糰һЦ˵ȵľɢЩ·еЩ·ҶС缤ˣٵľ£γɵĹΣͱеĵƹ໥ӳģ֡
һĻʥɫ䡣
û뵽㻹бʥվգۿҶС磬Ͼ£˿ֲ
ŷ廹޳ܣȻΪ˷ֹйܱߵĽɻԵĴû뵽ǻٻΧĽߺߣ󣬻ǲöˡҶС˵
ո£Ӱʧˣһֲķâ֮ŷ·һ⣬ǻҹա
ҶС磬ңһȴʥǿŭû뵽ҶСȻնɱصˣһʧԭĵطͼֹҶСնɱ
ӿҶСĸ֣ؼķ֮ɲǼ籩ܹݻлķУЩУÿһж̺ǿĹ
ֻһʽ赲סʥֵӰ
ҶС磬նɱǣŷԲŹġʥǿߴһ˵ŨŨĲʺͷŭ
ĻĻѾˡҶС粻ͷ˵ʱһķâ֮ѾնϣǷ·һӳɵӣסҶС׸
ΪҶС۳ӡǣӰǵ˼
ۡȫҶСֱն룬Ѫɽ£·һѪꡣ
ľ괺ҶСٴһ̲ݡӰգЩ̲ݺ;Ӱֵȫգʵʣʥ־ȥ
̲ݷ·ǳޣͬʥһһƬڣ·ߣеһж֮С
ҶС¶һ˿ĲмչԼ츳ߵ򳡣ʥǿΧǹ쳡أȫ飬ֲ˹ȥ
䡭ÿһֲﶼ̺ſֲһĺ¡
졣ҶСٴĸ֣ʥǿΧʻһɫ档
ЩɫʱҵȼǺЩɵֲȼյĸΪˡ
ơϻд˴汻һɾǿ˿ؼҶΧ¥̨ͤС֣ȫݻˣǿĴӣҶСĲõ󷨣ҪȻǰȥƽϰ˵һѡ
һӰӻгޱȣͷѾûмˣǱѡ
ȭءҶСһһ̤棬߸Ծ˵ӰԵøߴޱȣ·Ρĸɽصļ
һֻ޴ȭӰؼ䣬ʥֺȥҶСûиκεķӦʱ䡣
նܵҶСһȭĿֲʥֻΪҶС۳ȭͷնȥ
һʮΪ棬
䡣
飬ȭͷӰ˼֣ȥƲŰײʥϡ
ء
ʥֺݺݵڵϣϳһӣӵΧѷ죬
ȿȡеʥֿȳ˼Ѫѵվ
䣡
ʱһֻŴٴ˵УʱһҲܶȫĹˣ飬ѪҺǻ
һĹâųһӾͽǵԴն£һʥ־ôˡ
ҶС翴˿ݻٵĲ񻰵ıһŨ֮
¡
زڵнݻˣΪƽأʥֱ˵¡
˿ܣûһ©֮㣬ҶС罫еѪȫͺרŶɽ˵
һкҶС߳󷨣ЩɢȻĨȥ󷨵Ĵڡ
ʱΧڶȻ˯üΪȣͲ֪﷢顣
һҹ䣬ŷڵԱȫնɱˣʱŷҲ֪飬Ǿͻ֪
εնɱжҶС绯ΪһӰӣƽСɱȥ


1251 һ̵
ƽСҶС緿ݵĿУŷǧͷᰶڣ˵˽ܵĻҲ֪˵ʲôŷǧɫɳһĨΡ
ҹֿɶڣԼĸ׽лȥˣֿɶܲ⣬ǸԼĸ׻ȥˡ
ͻأ䣬ҶСӰ˿С
ҶС磬һĲ·ûнҶСեɵ鲻
ˣŷǧҶСʵ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ţһȫնɱˣϣ㲻Ҫ⡣ҶСŷǧ˵
⣬Ѿŷ塣ŷǧҡҡͷ˵
֪лһ˿˿ҶС΢΢һ̾˵ѾŷƲˣûкͽĿܣοǶ㻹ڻ룬ǽȫɱȻʳѰ
֪ûкͽĿܣôôңĵһ죬ϣŷһѪŷǧԥһ˵
õģû⡣ҶСʹĴӦˡ
ҶСʹĴӦˣŷǧ΢΢һ㶣նݲ紵ĵ˭ҶС붼ûʹӦˣиж֡
ʱ֪ҶСе¾Ͳôĸжˡ
ҶС룬ŷǧŷ壬ڻŷѪҺȻˣԺĺӣȻҲŷǧѪҺҲŷһѪ
ڵˣѾʴˣֻնɱ
òŸжһȥȪУþöûȥѧУˣҲ֪ʲôҶСЦЦ˵
šŷǧ˵ͷͬҶСһȥȪС
ҪѹȥһȥȪôҶС罫ĿͶ˷ʵ
ãҾϲݹοȥˣôŮˣмܵסƵĿҶС硣
мܵסмܲסȥ˾֪ˣҾƣʲôʱôɫҶСһЦĿŷ˵
һ򶼱ȽɫѵûпǧİæҾͲե㡣ᰲ˵
ǾԡҶСЦЦ˵ҪھͿʼɣ
ʼΪ㡣˵һ䣬ҶСһȻ˷䡣
ҶС籧ŷǧҲŷȥ
ڶ죬峿ҶСĺ磬ӣ˵ӣѹʱŮһһңĸ첲һҸӡ
˷˼㣬᰺ŷǧһһᣬ˶һ൱еȤ޷˵
һϣҶСָ˺ܶ࣬Ůûôˣⲻǻں˯
ʱ䲻ˣˡҶСŮ˵
ˣҶ˯һ˯۾ͷ˵һȻת˸˯
ŷǧ˫Ŀ¶һ˿΢죬Ȼˡ
˽·ú󣬷Ȼ˯һͷͷҶС硣
ιͺú˯ɣȥˣʱ򣬰áʰö󣬼᰻˯ҶС˵˾䣬ȻŷǧȪзɱȥ
ΪեҶС磬Ͽ쳣ĻԾ۵ʵڲᡣ
ҶСΪеȪиò˶೤ʱ䡣
ȪУ۪ˮǣűڣһƬĲݵϣڸͯǼŮһЩսļɡ
ͻȻ䣬Ϸգ¶һ˿΢ЦСˡ
̵ĻڶŮӶǻһд֮ɫĿҶС硣
һ⻮գͻȻ䣬ҶСŷǧӰ˲ݵϡ
ǰŮӣҶС¶һĨǸ֮ɫȥôãôҵˡ
ȫĻͺáͯҶС˵
Сˣû㣿ʱľܿǴ˿˿Ȼɫɴ֯ȹȹһֻ˵ģһֻɴߵ̶ܼϵģڷͼβ
紵öͬʱ赸һ鲽ֱȻ˼㣬ҹһսҶСһ˿ƣľܿ㣬еаȼ
һתеǹаϨˣľܿһ£˵һ
˼ұ𣿡ľܿڱҶСһֻ첲˵ӿĻԲͣĥҶСĸ첲
ǧþöûмˡҶСгһĨľܿ㿩һЦſҶСĸ첲һ˾ʧˣŷǧԣֻҶСһ硣
ҶСЦһ£һԵĿͶ˺ʫʫҲ뵽쾳磬ʱĺʫһɵŮְԹ˼ֵ쾡¡
ֿɶߵӨҲ죬·ɽˮī˸о·ԶɽϪˮ䡣
С硭ʫӨͬʱһ¶ŨŨ飬Ůո׼ƶŲҶСȥȴֶԷͬȻס˽ŲǶ뽫øԷ
һĻҶСЦЦſ˫˵ɣ
ȻţҶС˹ȥӨͺʫͬʱ˻С
ŮҶСļ򣬷·ҪԼҶСС
ȳԷȥˡ


1252 ŷһ
ŮӣҶСһпЩŮӣÿһԹ޻ڵĸ¾ģԺһܹһί
þһŮ·ǽԼ˼ȫ㾡ˣϽ뿪ҶСĻ¶һ˿ߺ졣
ԼˣͱˡϵĺΣҶСǺһЦ˵
仰һ˵ʫӨϵĺθʤˡ
С磬ŦԼǱߵǲЩϵͯҶСʵ
ҶС罫ĿͶ̣Ϊ̽εȫǣû뵽̾Ȼû˵Իͦǿġ
㲻ǵģû˵˼ϸ̵ȻܹҶСеʣȻ͵
û£ǺǡҶСЦЦȻȥǱ߷鶼˵һ飬е飬ûʲô˵ʱ򣬲һ仰ѡ
ҶСһ˸о񻰹һ㣬оܲ˼飬ʱǶԼݻûתԼһͨˣߣܹߵݿЩ飬ͻоҲǵΪﵽһҪЩ飬ȫпܡ
С磬ŷ᲻ɳΪ鷳ΪŮУ˼ΪͯǵʵѯҶС仰ʱһŷǧ¶һ˿Ǹ⡣
ŷǧһЦѾŷ壬ñܻңҪС硣
⻰ͯһŷǧ΢΢һЦ
ֻҪڴУǾͲᣬһʥ֣Ȳ˵ܲܽնɱսͻд޴ĻǹģĿǰ˵廹ǹ֯Ķ֣Ҫ鷳ֻֿܣһǳʱƫƧĵطңڶ֣նҵеνѵٲ׳һǿ籩һ㣬׼Ǳһʱ䣬Ʋ⣬ǻĴҲԶˡҶСĻһ˿΢΢ĳء
С磬ŷΪܸߵ˶ô죿ͯٴʵɲӨʫǰ㵥Ͼ̳ϴ˼⼫Ϊȫ档
ǶʱڲҳֵģõģˣԺֻҪŬˣͲҪˡҶСһЦ˵
ͯûʣҶС˵ĺѣȻܹоܲ򵥡
ҶСһļ壬һǱޱȷġ
ʵŷʥֶ£ҲҴƱ˭֪ŷ᲻ɳֲһնɱԼˣΪ׼Ӱ˵󣬾ѾˣͲ򣬽򵽵Ķڻͨ
ոһЩϰ˷˿ɽȻһѷ棬ľ֮¸Ͻˡ
һʱ䶯ý壬е˶֪£Ϊ־ֳ׼ɳᰴµƺǣNε绰ǵ绰ѾػǴûй
渺𡢶ڰ참һ˵ִźͼ飬񡭡ֻ֮ɳȥˡ
ᰴʱȻں˯֪飬һὫҶСһ
顭һѵ
ɽ飬ŷȻҲ֪ˣŷһ峤ŷ˵ɳŷӵܲ鿴⵽ôһ¡
鿴ĽŭʢһеĲ豭УŷӵܾȻһʣʧˡҲ˵ȫˡ
Ϊľǣɽô飬Ȼûһ˾쵽ʵ̫ˡ
°ɣŷĿƽ˵
ǣ峤ӵܹ˵һȻ˳˿Ĵ
ӵ˳ŷһ֮ɫеɢĹâ˲ŷһܵ裬ƣǴûй飬ֱӳȥҶСж˿飬ȻǸТ֮ŮǣΪһ֮˼ĸӺԶ嶯Զħ
Ƭ̣һɢ쳹ŷĿռ䡣
гǰ¡
⼸仰һ˾ʧˣ·ƾʧһ㡣
ŷĵشһΰֺĴڣϣŷӰͻȻ֣һƽɢŵƣ·Ǿ֮ĵͬ۰һĺܡ
һȻûиղڵôߴΰûʣҲ޼
ղǽӴ֣ڵĴһŷһ棬ȻܹᣬһŷһڲµĵطΧĪƣڰأͲ˿
ŷڴʱŷռУƴƳһⶼʥǿߡ
ಡһӰ˴ԼλϣһʮӾȫˡ


1253 
ʲô£峤ôͻȻóȫȥ
ǵһ峤óȥѾʮǰˡ
Ҳַ֪ʲô¡
һǸҶСйϵСϢ˵
ɣ£ҶС̫ɶˣȻҡ
꣬ҪϸܣҪȻյĳͷһһŭߵ˵Ǿ仰ʱһϽס˵
ɫһ䣬þûָƽһᶨ˵һҪŬȡҶС磬ߡ
ͦԶģǣʵǲпˡһᶨ˵
ֻ˵ôһ䣬ûнʲô
ŷ壬ڣеĳ϶һһĿ񣬺ɮ붨һ㡣
ʱϵŷڿˣ˫Ŀһɨһڶ೤˵λϣطеѾ֪˰ɣ
೤еȻһɮ붨ӣе黹һɻ󣬷·ǲ֪зʲô顣
һȺϺ꣬ǵӺŷаŷϿŽᣬҲȷʵǣֻǶ⣬ʵڲȨλȻȨΪȨܹոԴΪҲܹͻơ
ŷһѪΪǣѪһŴ̼ЩҲԴ
ЩϾһµӣ˭֪ǰжŷԿ϶һЩϾԱ֪з黹Ҫ磬һֱװͿ
ðɣȻǲ֪Ҿ˵һ£УŷȫҶСγˣͬʥֶУҲ֪ҶСʲô취Ȼܹ޷£նɱʥǿߣһٵɽׯŷһƽ˵·˵һ޹ϵһ㡣
˶٣˵⣬Ұ¼Ҳģοŷһŷǧ˹ϵҶСΪеŷһ壬øλǰһôҶС硣
ûһ˸ŷ壬Ϊɱãһһŭ˵
ɱʵ̫ˣӦýǧУ֮ʹһϸ͵
󣬻м˵Ļ
Щû˵һȫǿջŷҪôץҶС磬ʣץס˺Ӧô
Ƕһϳɾô᲻ŷĻƫƫװͿ
ˣͲҪ˵Щϻˣλϣ£¿ǹϵǵ⣬мԺķչŸλ֪ı仯гһջ仯ǸĻԻʱ̣ǸʱӢ۱Ų𣬶ҿ϶ǻᷢģǲ㹻׼½ŷҪΪ˵вˣһССжû£ǻʧôˣüеô룬οǺҶСѾͬˮֳǱгһյ϶壬϶ŷ֣һ㲻òΪ˷δȻеǱвɱҡصһ£ôȥԸҶС硣ŷ˫Ŀһɨ˵ϵŵơ
Щһ֪ŷ˵ʵ
ǳصʥ֣ΧɱһȽݡƺʮӵĳɱ⡣
ߣ˵ĺôΧɱǸŮ˳ô죿ŷô赲һͷü붼׵ĳ˵
ֻ˵ܹϼһ֣ǿǲһЩͻƵʥĸ֣ǵҲ̫Ӧûʲô⡣ݵĳϼ˵
ȷʵӦò֣ûв´˵ģûжǳ֣һΪ˹ȫ֣ϮһҲΪҶСõɳȥֻҪˣֻҪҶСΪߵ׾УʥȫԣҶСڶУǿ϶޷ֻ֣ܹȵҶСȥƫƧطٶ֡
ҿƻܺãʱȲܹնɱҶС磬ҪŮӲ˵ʲôҾͽնɱˣŮӳ棬ٽ˻ȥӣһʧˣҲõŮӻᷢŭٵŷ塣
ǸҶСһӲУѵҪһӾͲ֣˼ǡ̤ŷһϣһϵĳʵ
ܲУ仯˭֪ᷢʲô顣
˵ĲҿҶСǸСҲǸݵˣ϶Ȫд˶೤ʱ䣬ֻҪĵĵܻҵġ
ҿˣҲԣҾǲӦøΪһ㣬ǿһʲôҶСճȻ֣˵ߵˣˣһ޳ܵ˵
̫ʧ֮˵ˣ㻹ܹ˵ڡ
취㻹ܹİ취޳ܵĳϷ
ߣԲֶΣǻȲҪҪŮӵĲͲˡһѵ
ŮԶмɵ־Ķ
ʱǷӦвҶС೤۷׷ףմһЭ飬Ǿ˼ҶС磬İ취ȴе飬ݻһƿĳС


1254 Ƿϵŷ
ŷ೤ӦҶСʱŷڵأһʯһͷɢɢͬҰһĹâ
ĥ
ʯݵǽϿ̻һͬʱһ·ЩΪ˱ʯңʯһ
ӾʧŷģһսУҶС˾޴ˣΪͣͲǰ
ش䣬عҲһ˺ܶ࣬ŷܶصĸֶͻƵ˰ʥܶʥ۷ͻƵʥֻԭ̤
ֻһ˿ܹʥˣǣÿγһαĤʱҶСӰԺг֣˲ҲͲܹͻơ
ҶС·һԶ޷Ĵ̣ÿĥڿ˰
ҶС硭һ죬һͷɢŷĺݺݵҧͺëȻ
ĸ磬ҪҪ㡭ŷĶҶС޵ҧгݡĵͺʱһöʯ
ʯվһȹ˫ŮŮһ˿΢΢ۣΪѾ۷ˣһʱ䣬ͬƳ峤µطӡ»߼ۡ
仰ʯڵŷϵתһЩԴϵԺŷ˶мһˣҲֻŷǶһǺů˲١
ʲô¾˵ɣŷĵ˳һ˿ɳơһ˿ͳȴºࡣ
ĸ磬ǹҶС飬ŷҺںһҰϣǽŷеԱȫնˣڼڲ˶ԸҶС磬мĸֳ֣϶˶ʱ䣬ĸ磬ŷǵ洫˽аŶҶСĺ⣬жŷĵػ
⻰ŷķһֻҰһͺУҶСҵģ⣬κ˶ܹնɱҵġ
ʯڣŷĵ˻ŷһۣµ˫ĿŵỨʹҲǰˡ
ƽһȰ˵ĸ磬ȻҪնҶС磬͸ӦŬ
ôʥ綼ͻƲˡʯڲŷķЦһȻʹ
ĸ磬Ĳ¥鼮ܶ඼ǺܾǰʱĹ±¥кпнķŷ˵ʵϣԲ¥ҲʲôϣϾһ˵ľ⣬֮ô˵Ϊŷһϣŷվ
¥ԣв¥첻ŷġһϲʯڴһ̣ʯҵŴ򿪣һͷɢӳ˳
лл㣬ǡŷһ仰ȻŷһĲ¥ɱȥ
ŷԶȥıӰŷ૵ĸ磬Ҳϣ˵ллֻϣܹһۡ
ȪУ۪ˮǶűڣҶСڲݵϺŮţͲ֪ŷ巢飬׼´꣬ȻŬ
ţȥѧУþöûȥˣҲ֪ûСҶСЦЦ˵
ǵĸԱеĻŮģҶСովľܿͿʵ
ŮģôˣҶСɻʵ
ŮӣԽշˣʱôξôΡľܿдĵЦ˵
⻰ҶСɫ΢΢һ䣬ͻȻеʱʶɨûзֶӰʱ̫ˣͽˣڻгһ˿
ôˣҶСɫе㲻ԣľܿʵ
ҰѶʦˣѾˣҲ֪ȥҶС΢΢һ̾ǵǵ˵
᣿ˣ˸˵£ﱨϢȥ˾ʱʱȥĽѩҲͯ˵
⻰ҶСֻ࣬ҪǱԼץס˾û¡
֪ˣһȥǵġҶС˵ͷȻűȥ
Ƿżڼ䣬ϵ˸Ķ࣬У԰ڣ
У԰ŨŨĻϢҶСѵõ
ҶС硭ͻȻ䣬һĶ
ҶСѰȥֻŮڿǵ⣬һмλŮӿдˣţп㡢һǳɫĶ
òҲھƷУʫҲֻһ˿˿
ҶСкɻѵԼ˼ŮʲôûиӦòᣬԼ飬ԼǣôʶԼòԼӿѧʱ򣬼ûôȥѧУ
ʶңҶСɻʵ


1255 
ǵҶ೤У԰˭ʶߵŮӿҶС˵ϴЦ⡣
ǰǵҶ೤Ǹ߿״ԪأǴӿѧһ¶ûϹΣҶ೤ѾѧУˡұһļΪŮ˵Ůӵ߶һߡ
ǺҶһģҶСɻʵ
ɣҶ೤㲻ʶǣôҲһİ㲻ʶҲӦʶɣǰ֧飬ûϿһʱ䣬ϵ鶼渺ģɲ֧飬ѧУʮŮ֮һأĸŮ˵
վмŮ¶һ˿˿΢죬ɫǺƽ
лл㣬ҷֵ˰ϵ񡣡ҶС翴˵ˣȫʲôܲܽɣ̫Կˡ
ÿҽг档ƽĿҶС˵
ҽĪû뵽ǵİ೤˻ͦĬġĸŮ˵
ҽ࣬Ҷ೤ܶæѵӦǳԷлһ£࿴ҶС¶һĨ
ӦõģһԷǵϵʽǣҶС΢΢һЦѯʵ
***ⲻҵģֻ룬ҪŶֻ֪֪أ౨һĵ绰˵
󣬺ŮһͷˣҶСȥ
ͬŮое⣬ǵĿеõƽʦҶС磬ҡͷѣһûȥϿˣǣԱûгİ೤ְⲻѡ
棬һˣ㻹ûҵλ𣿡ŮһУߣһţͻȻʵ
ûУ˵Ҳ˽󣬲û˵ԼķƽʱĿԳɼӦÿòɣ˵¶һ˿˵
òƭİɣĸĪʵ
Ӧòᣬܹоõ˵¶һ˿ļᶨ
˵棬òĶǸкøаɣ࿴ųʵ̲סѵ棬ɱû㣬˵ǸѳһͷС֫Ǹʱɱڰ
Ӧòɣ¶һ˿ã
治֪Ǹһôã˼ѣȻͷ²С˵ģ̾˵
С࣬˵з²ҵġһ˵
棬粻ܹţҪһ㡣ĪȰ˵
ҾҲǣ㿴ǵҶ೤ôҪвţҪòòҾͦġ
С࣬Ҵ򡣡װһӣӶСȭϽ˿Ц
沢ûлӳȭֻӰˣŮӶ֪
С࣬Ǹѣľ˵Ҹô죿ʵ
ܹôȻһ߿ˣִԷ֫򵥵ļһܹ棬ղҲǵҲҪ档Ī˵
棬ҿǲѧУ̳зһѰ£ʱ֪˭ˡĪų˵
Ǹ⣬Ҹұ֤Ѱ³֣ʮӣ϶ܹðܶѡ˵
ѰȷʵУһҰɣԵһѰҵüġһᶨ˵
ˣһԵֳɳյˡĪ̾һ˵
ҶСһ·УʮӲߵ¥£ʶһɨЦЦ¥ϣܶ˶ϾᣬϷǱ壬õʱô˷ˡ
߽ѧУһְȵĸо·ԼһͨˣǸѹһâ¶ҶС硣
һҶСߵſڣʶ鿴֮£ϷڴϿ飬ڹȥˡ
ûֻǱպţҶСֱƿ˽ȥϷ˽󣬵ҶСʱ¶ϲ֮ɫʱж£վҶС
С磬ôʱûмˡ
ĻȻſ˫ۣ׼ҶСһܱ
ҶСŲһ˹ȥҶûȤŮˣһԿǿǡ
С硭ƴӴһ۾۾Ҳ¶һĨϲ
С磬ţոտѧֱӿһµĿΣ˵һʱܵȥˣòܵȥ˰ɣЩեˣڲŻָ˾ҶС˵¶˶ɫ
Ҳ㣬ʲôŮ˶ҪǴΣֵطȻȥҶСһ˵
˶٣ҶСʵûѧУһʱ䣬ѧУûзʲôشɣ
ҶСĻһ£ԼĵӣҺɽΪҶС˵˽顣
˵Щٷ֮ʮŮйأʲôѧУѡʮŮЩŮ˵ȵȣҶСһЦ


1256 ֧ǰ೤С
һԸŮĻҶСͻȻ뵽˸ղ˵ĳ棬Ī˵ҲǽʮŮ֮һҲǣԳòʮŮУǻйأ
ʮŮڼҶСʵ
Ȼ㼸ûϹΣ۹⻹ͦ׼ģѧУһȻûѣ׷ŲٳܹΧüȦһֱӲٴɫ㲻綼ɣС磬ܵøֵǷһɣλɩѾˡ˵ĿҶС磬·ǺҶС罫һ㡣
ҶС絭Цһ£ҪȻղųк֪ԼﻹôһλɫŮӡ
С磬İɣѵѾˣֲκӶٴɫԭˣް쳤̾һһʹӡ
Сͳͦġʱڴϵĵ˵һ䡣
Ҳô˵ǲ۰Ƶ˵
Ҫᣬûж֣һǸղŲźʶģкҶ֪ǰѧǻ֧顣ҶСЦЦ˵
㲻˵Ҷˣ㻹ǰİ೤ֲкûϿκ󣬰Ҳûѡ೤һȫἸġָԭɫһ䣬һֵ۹⿴ҶС磬㻹ûж֣ҿǸƣοУ԰вǶ֧ǰ೤С𣿰ʲô˶ռˡ
У԰һ仰ҶСʵ
ȻˣѧУ̳о仰һкܶʵҶС˵Ȼһ̾
һȺ˴ְˣҶС絭˵һ䣬ˣǽʱûУǳԷ
찡ҪɣҸոպһλԼһϷ˵
ûʲô˵
Ǻðɣ㲻ȥˣƺ˸ոպáҶС˵
ҶС⻰о⻰ͷе㲻ԣϽʵʲôոպã
컹æأ˵Ҳȥ粻˵ҶСϹҳһ˿΢Цô˵
ϴҽһϴ͸˵˰ɣһ֮ɫ˵
ҶС翴һ˵磬桢ĪǳԷȥǺǣղ˵㲻ȥġ
ʲôԷУУһҪȥϷԲ򣬵ǣȴܹûУۿУ԰һԶԡһ˫˫ģȻǸһĽʺް̾˵ϴʹȥɣϴ󡭡ҵ׸硭
ͣͣͣҴȥˡһҪʲôпҶСϽ˵ɲһĭϴ
ǵϴ󣬺ٺ١̫ˣȻܹ뵽һԷǻлġĥȭƵ˵
ȥģˡҶСһ˵ȻתԼĵԡ
þûõԣ涼˺һҡ
ҶСԼQQԼĺٵĿԼĺɲ̻ͷ϶ˣиεı־
ûйģֱӽɲ̻ͷ˿˺üϢ
ιʲôרҵʲô֣
ôϢ
Ȥ
ôʱ䶼ûлϢǲǳʲô£
ЩѯϢ⣬һЩ˵߰˶ġ
ҶС絭һЦһ֣Ȼ˹ȥʲôרҵģʲô֣
ϢҶС罫Ǹεʾ㿪Ǽ˵ΪѣҶСһûоܾ
ϴҰѵQQҲϰɣʱ˵ȻҶС籨һĺ룬ҶСˣ༶Ｘ˵ģмʦĺ롣
ԱߣϽ㿪Ի͸ԱǵǸȻԼûϿεһĽͣ󣬺Ƥٴ򸨵Ա٣һʼԱͲҶСƾ粻֮࣬øԱ˺ܳʱļ٣ȫõõΣҪȻ͹ԹԵĻϿΡ
ڲϿεɶȥˣʲôԼ濪С˾æµôôҵϾѧУҲѧУҵˣԱŸ˼١
ҶСһͣһڴһζˣ˵ļ忹УЬȻЬȾͷĴ̨ϡ
ûú󣬿ҪˣҶСͯǴһ绰ǲصԷˣͬѧԷ
ոմ绰Լĵ绰ǳԼ绰ͨһ˹Ҷ೤òǽӦǵ鶼˰ɣ
ⲻǳģԳԸ񣬸ӵĵ绰ʱһԼҲȷǲϾԼȥϿΡ
ôأҸո׼Ǵ绰û뵽ʹ˵绰ɰҶСЦЦ˵
ôǻΪҶ೤æ˲ٺƭ
ѵˣʲôطѧУſڼô
ǸմãѧУſڼټҶ೤˵꣬͹ض˵绰
ϽصԣߡҶС˵һ䣬صԼĵԣȻȥ
ţЩڣΪԺһЩͻƲ̫ԶˣĪż


1257 ݶ
Ϧ££ؼ䶼һ㵭ĺ⣬·һɫɴȹһֱ
ʱſڣŮһ˵Цһſڵķ򣬵ĺɫâϣŮӶһ˿ޣŮӵȻǳˡ
ڽȻӹɣʮŮƬϴ̳еɫǽʮŮƬصֻϣΪҹʱĶ
վѧУſѧԺܴĵطڶĿĹעȻǹעĶǳ棬ֱӱˡ
ǵ̫עĿˣߵﶼǽ㡣Ц˵
Ҳϲü΢˵
ףǸо̫ˡĸĪ˵
ǵҶ೤ô˶ûгһԷʱһҪѪߣŮӵĴۡ˵
Ļո£ҶСһ˳
ǸǵȾˣȥ;ӳԷ˹ȥҶСЦЦ˵
;ӣǿɾͲˣո׼һ٣û뵽ô󷽡࿴ҶС˵
Ϊ˸лǣȻҪһ㣬ԺϵҲÿˣҲѧУҶС˵
ǶΪӶˡ˵ǲǻнˮ
û⣬ԺҲõĹĻɸɼְ֮ģҡ
ûпǵҶ೤ǸĿҶС˵
ʲôҿˣ߰ɣҪȻһ;ҪˡҶСЦ˵
һˣһһģ϶ҶС硢ŮģƷ·һӣһԲһĺЦǸɵӣϣ˺ܶ˵עĿ
ĺܶѧҶС硢˺ͳһ¶Ľɫ
ллһʱҹ༶ϵĺܶ飬ԺҪ鷳ˣʲôҪĵطֻҪܹæģֻҪңһܾҶС翴ų˵
ÿǶͬͬѧ浭һЦ˵
͵͵˵ʲôĻҶ೤ò׼׷ɣҪǸҿǣߡдЦ⿴˵
˼Ѿʼ̸ˣҪǣʲôߣֻҪȥҾˡĪһ˵
ʱһҶСļ˵С磬㣡
˵껹ҶС˴Ĵָ
ҶС磬˼Ը˵Ͻ˵
ҶСЦЦ˵ͷ֪
һߣһģһߵ;ӣ߽;ӵʱ򣬲ӭС㻹Ǵþǵɫе㲻ȻΪǿһˣҶС硣
ҶС磬е˶ӡ̰ΪҶСĹϵҾ¥˳ȥԷºǾ֪ҶСǸˣͬϵİΪҶСɱˣôܹأ
λС㣬Ǻãӭ;ò͡þߵҶСһǰ˵ԵüΪ
ҶС˵ͷ׼һż䡣
õģҴȥþϽ˵ΨҶС硣
þĴ£¥һżǰþԴżţ˵λ룬˵УҪʲôˣֱñʻϣǻᾡΪá
þ˹ŮĿҶС磬ܹĳþǶҶСһ˹
Ȼ֪ʲôԭϴΪǿ飬ҶСûн;Ӳˡ
˸ո߽ȥʱһżڵżŴһŮ˳˵ɫһ˿˿Ĳÿ
һ欵Ůӣɫο֯Ǻɫȹɫᱡ˿࣬ŵһ˫߸㳤ĲϹһԵĲʱж
ⲻǰ崿ŮķɲܹͨԵģŮҲӦñ˰˰ɣһΪ崿أû뵽ҲˡŮ˵Ǽʡ
⻰˵ɫ˱䣬ຮֱΪͷҦ÷治֪˭һ㶼԰˼ұˣˮ
ະŮҦ÷ʱҶС΢΢һ㶣ⲻڶŮզôһӣͲǸѧҦ÷ǰġ
˭԰ˣѻ˵滹һģѧУװߣڿӣǱ˼ҰˡҦ÷˿棬ȻĿͶҶСϣΪҶС˳
ҲûдʱҶСһзǹƣ۹ܵҦ÷Ȼܹϳ
Ҧ÷˵Ƕǰѧǵİ೤ҶС磬Ӧ˵ɣĪ˵
ԭǰİ೤˰ѹˣһǰ೤һ֧飬˵ûһϵ˭أҦ÷޼ɵ˵
ҶС֪ԼҪˣϾԼŮԷģȻܹܵ衣
ǰһҦ÷˵û뵽㻹ǰѧһʼһΪǺСУʮǮСأҲֻǲŻĨĸһ治֪ڶŮôģҿӦڵڶŶԡ


1258 ͳԷ
ҶСһҦ÷ɫһһ죬仰ʵ̫ˣҦ÷۵С㡣
˵ʲô㾹Ȼ˵ֵطʮǮС㣿Ҧ÷ָҶСɫһһ죬ظһ֪Ĳᡣ
Ī仰нкãȴӵɫ
Ǹ˵ˣӦ˵㻹ЩС㡣ҶСһƽ˵
㡭㾹Ȼ˵ңҦ÷ˣһ崩Ÿ߸ҽţǰ߳һ֣ҶСһơ
ҶСûжһɾԶڱųҦ÷ûпͱһ˳ȥ
ŵŵš
ѽͻȻһŤ˵ϣȹ׵Ĵ⾡¶
㡭å￴أൽ˵Ŀ⣬Ҧ÷ϽȹסⲢҶСҪģ˲ԾľͿˡ
㣿ѹˣǮǿǶǵۡҶСƲƲ˵
ʱһɫ˳Ҧ÷˵ʱϽߵߣĵʵ÷ôû°ɣʲô飿
ûǲңңҺúýѵһ١Ҧ÷ָҶС缸˺Ƹһе
꽫ĿͶҶСһˣҶСʱɫͻȻһ䣬Ϊʡ
ŸʲôȥҽѵǡҦ÷ٴ𣬿ҶСˣǳޡ
졭Ťͷȵͬʱ˦һ⡣
ž
Ҧ÷ӡһʺӡվȣһεڵء
Ҷ˼ûй̺ܽϣҪ⡣ߵҶСǰĵ
ҶС絣Ĳѵ˿һĻ󣬾ȵ˵˻ΪҪû뵽ȴĽͬڵϵҦ÷Ҳǲ֮ɫ
ʶңҶСʵ
ʶϴҼҶСѵ˳ǿһ٣ʮʹ졣зȵ˵ϴε飬ҶСǿҽѵο
εǲԣҶлѣȫҳеϣҪ⡣깧˵
ֻҪ鷳ˣǻ밲ĵĳһٷ
һᡣ
ˡҶС˵Ȼųǣǽȥɣ
ҶСһ߽ȥ󣬲λþ궼һ
߽żҶС罫˵ݸ˳棬Ůʿ
ǵʮ˺һߺŹ֭ˮһǵĿе֪Ҧ÷ˣˣͳڸеʱʶ
Ҧ÷ĲòͳʱȣˣЩǮ˼ҵӵܻһ𣬴Ů֪֮һ궼ˣ۳ȻǱ֮
󣬷һ߳Էһ߿ĵģոշǰĲȫɢˡ
һٷɫѾˣֵ·ӨӨһ˵ӰڳĴֵĻζ˻ֺǡ
ʱʱһߴţ֪˵ʲôȻҶСҲû޳ܵȥ͵
Ů͵ſںҶС˷ֿˣ۪ˮǷɱȥ
صŮڿĿ˵Ц֪ʲô
ѧУȫˣҶС˽ͯʵ
ţѾ㶨ˣ׼ȥһ˾ѩǣǴһЩ似ȻҶС˵
һΪѧУһʱأû뵽ô졣ͯЦЦ˵
ҲΪ˽Լʱ䣬οѧУҲûʲôҪ顣ҶСЦЦ˵
ҶСո߽ȥɳϣȻľܿ뿪λߡ
С磬׼ĸ㣿ľܿҶСԣд˿˿ƻ
ľܿһľŮӣ޴Ĵ̼ģôŮӣһʱ䣬治֪ĸŮ顣
ҪһҰɣҶС˫Ŀһ˵ԽԽÿС
УҶСĻԽǸоҶСĻ޶ȡ
㲻ȥĻҲСľܿдЦ˵
ҵҶСʵ
ҶСʴŮûлش໥һۣȻͬ˵ͷ·ĳ־һ㡣
Ժ飬ҲҶСڼ䣬ֵһϵĽ֮
ŷǧǻǣɸΪ֮ûҶСΪˣ治֪ʲô飬ô
ȷʵǸҶСͷ۵⣬ʮʹߣ׼ټǺԼһӣǶ񹦵򣬶ӿ١
ĽҶСڼ䣬òҪȥֻҪСϣȻ֪С̶ȣҶСţСڵİȫ棬бϵģοһڡ
ڷҶС׼ǵ͵£˭÷ﳼĻȼ⳼ȵҶСϺˡ


1259 
ҶСŮĵʱУƽСҶСڣ᰻˫ĿɫѺʱһһ˫Ŀбų⡣
ɣѾˣǸ쵰ôˣһμһҪեɡҧ˵
·뵽ʲôһ㣬æһóֻֻػˣϽһġȻ˯ôʱˡ
˼Ϣɫһ䣬Ͻ·˳ȥ
ʵԷᰵľͲ˯ôʱ䣬ԭкܴһֶǰһЩӰ참ʱעԼ壬Լߣͨﵩ˺ü죬˶ܲˡ
˯ôʱ䣬ָ˺ֵܶ࣬ҵ顣
ϣҶСϴһ£ȻȴԼЩŮԶǣʮӣûмһǰҶСƲѣʶһɨһ˱ѡ
ҶСֻ˳ȥ
˺ʫķſڣո׼Ŷʫʹ˳С磬ҵе㲻ȥ㡣
ﲻҶСĵʵ
ﲻдʫ
⻰ҶСˣ˼ҵˣȷʵܲ㣬չ˺Լ⼸첻Ҫ
ҶС˵һ䣬ߵŮӷſڣΪƵˣһ˵Լ岻ҶСȥˡ
ҶСƲֵԼķȥ֪ԼôǼŮӡ
ոߵԼķ䣬ͷԼжˣǺʫ
ʫҶСﰲοʫð岻Լ
ôʹʹҶСߵߣʵ
ʫҡҡͷ־¶һ˿Ǹ⡣
ôˣɫƺе㲻ԾҶС翴źʫʵ
С磬Ҹղƭ㣬ҵǸûʫ˵һСӷ˵ģ
ҶСһЦɿѵ·Ȼ˱ѣźʫʵô£ǲһŹôģ
ʫ˼ĵ˵ͷ
ոҶС͸оԾֻҲûж룬ʫ˵Լû˼֪ͬԸԼġ
һһŲҶС緿ƿϾľܿ˽ֻһɴ֯ȹʵĽ֣Ϊԭʼ
ðʫû뵽ǸͽľܿһЦźʫ˵㣬νѵ㡣
˵ţľܿӣźʫҪλץȥ
ߣȻ۸ʫһġҶСľܿ˵Ȼĺ촽
ɲһȼյĸӾˣһ䣬о֡
ҶС緿еһеȻŮһࡣ
ͽͯķУڴ˵һ䣬¶һ˿Ҹһ˿įܽҲҶС࣬ǵãͷˣϾŮеĴ㡣
ڶ峿ҶСʱŮԼϣϵķҶС絭һЦʫĸ첲ľܿ޳ֱȴȡ¡
ҶС𴲴·¥󣬾ͿͯѾ˿У·ǵȴԼ
ҶСʵ׼ߣ
šҶС˵ͷ¶һĨǸ⣬ΪԼûкúͯ
һЩ㣬ȳ԰ɣöأͯҶС˵¶ڴ
ҶС˵ͷȻͯһλ΢ӣΪҶС㡣
ҶСζĳʱ۾һգգĿţϹҳҸ΢Ц
Ƭ̼䣬ҶСͽˡ
㣬ҲǸʱˣҽһɸо뻪ĴѾԶˣ´ڹҶС翴ͯ˵
Ѿʼˡͯдһ˿Թ֮ɫ˵
һ治֪ҶСһЦ˵ˣ˼Ҿͻ
Сĵ㡣ͯ˵
šҶС˵ͷһʧˡ
ȪȻ뾩ԶҶСΪò˶೤ʱ䡣
һٷʱ䣬ҶС˾Ѿǵڶˣοĸоͬ
һοоʢַдһ˿񿴾Ͽգһɺƴ̾ᣬͷ·һھУǻ㼯´ƣǹɷѾתΪɱ
һִףҶСԽԽԵĸоǹҾֽҪʼ
գվһߵأɽׯķ뵣һ츣أл͸¶һصϢ·ĳһ㡣
ûжͣҶСᳵ·Ľѩүүҵķɱȥ
ĽѩүүұϴεķҪܵĶܹ࣬ܶҶСĵ
УʥרΪһ˶䰲ȫҶСĽЩûз֡


1260 Ҫ
ԺܹϣҲܿ󣬾ϾǸʱĴլӣҶСʶһɨͷĽѩӰ
ʱĽѩһܹϡܵŵ¥¥ţϵŵĹâһɵʡ
ĽѩӣҶС΢΢һ̾ʱı仯ΪԺܹԱҶС粻òһڸСǵŮʱĽѩΪѾؾ磬˵һʱĽѩŬ
ӰһͽĽѩķУĽѩڴռһ봲̣ʣһ룬ҶСûзЬӣ˴ϣĿĽѩ
ϴû˯ֱӽУֻһԡ
ΪĽѩϤζԭҲΪ̫ˣҶС˯ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶСоģϰԶһץʲôûץӲˣҶС˯
˯˯ͳˡҶСߣһɫ˶ĽѩɰС˵һ˫һͷղԼͷҶС硣
ĽѩٴͷϷŪҶС磬ȴҶСĶ䡣
оģҶС˹ĽѩŪʱһĽѩſϡ
ǲ밤򣬾ȻŪΪ򣿡ҶСĽѩһ˵
㣬˭ĸһͷһߡĽѩϷĺΣĿҶС˵
ѵ㲻֪˯˯̤ʵ𣿡ҶС˵
Ľѩģ룺һﻹûңһ뵽ŮҶС磬оһ΢΢ĳԴף˵Ů˯Ҳ̤ʵɣ
˯̤ʵֻǼѩ˯̤ʵҶСٺһЦȻĽѩպ㴽һڡ
ߣ˵ĺ֪ʦҪˣͲҡĽѩһ˫ƯоԹ
ʲôʦҪˣʲôʱ飿⻰ҶС󾪡
װɣҪ㲻֪ʦҪˣȪеĺۼѾԵߵҶСװ֮ĽѩһſݾҶСıҧһڣȴûЧ
ˣҪȻͺˣҶС
ƭӣߡҶСû˵ĬĽѩ϶϶֪Ҫһ£жʱеί֪֪Ҫ˵ѡ
ĽѩίĶҪˣҶСϽ˵Ĳ֪ʦ飬Ϊ˼㣬Ժܳһʱ䶼ˡ
ҶС̾һ·Ǿһ㣬˵ĳء
ίĽѩҶС⻰ǹίͻȻһɨ⣬ȡ֮һƬĻš
С磬ˣңΪǻܳһʱ䶼ˣǲҪȥʲôΣյ飿Ľѩŵʵ
ĽѩеŨŨĺ飬ҶСﶼֿ˻ԼҸޱȣȴװһ˵Ϲ飬ŦԼзӦ֪ɣ
֪ѾˣϾȻһŦԼоȻһӻˣ˵м˵д˵Ƿ˵𣬲һ㶼ףǷ˵ΧЩôһ¶ûУһ˵ǻɽпܣһ˵ʯŦԼв඼ˣҺܳʱ䲻ܹʲôϵĽѩʵ
ʵϢǴģȣǿϳֵľϣһռУĳЩҰ¹ŦԼеĻΪĸսģѾˣҪ˶ãҲҡҶСص˵
ǲܹʲôϵĽѩȻĿҶСʵ
ɵѽˣΪѱ֤ǵİȫҹѾһĺˣ۵Ҳˣ׼úһʱգȻͻƣʱ˭Ҳ˵ǶáҶС˵
Ľѩ΢΢һ㶣Ȼɫһ䣬Ǻú˵ôأһΪҪȥΣյأƭӣҲˡ
˵ţĽѩŤͷһҶСӡ
Ҫܳʱ䶼ˣѵ𣿡ҶС練ʵ
Ľѩһ˵˻Ҫ˵ˣƤӹǸĽѩҲҶСĶ֣ҶС񣬹Ľѩ޿κΡ
ˣˣһҶС˵˫ĽѩӣȻ̧ͷ㴽һ£ࣵһ
һĽѩеһ룬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ɵĽԴҶСϡ
Ҹոմãг׺һַˣĻƽ˼ɲûж֣ҵĻһֵģһʱ䣬ҪŬԲ㣬˵Ķ滰ҶС˵
㣬Ժ㲻׼ƭҡĽѩԴҶС˵սСȭ·һҪҶСӡ


1261 Ҫ
ģҿɴûƭ㣬˵ԺˡĽѩҶСϽƱ˵
ʲôģҿûģش̫죬ٷ֮ʮǲɿģ˵ûƭңŮô£ĽѩЦһ˵
ðɣҴˣԺ󲻻ƭˡҶСϽ˵Ľѩʹ
ʲô£Ը˵ҲҪңϣҵһ롣Ľѩ˵
˵仰ʱĽѩ˺ܶ࣬һֱ
Ҽƻ㲻֪ʦǼ飬һ绰֪ͨ㣬Ѿˣɡ
ѩҿûƭ㣬ξΪ㣬ȻȥŬҶС˵
ף㣬󣬶ʦҪˣҵˣ磬һҼҳ̶ģμھȻǸһ壬ѾûˣȢʦΪ˽öμҵԴټλӣܶμѾûˣǣȻСμΪ˽һչֻܹ;еĳһõĻᡣĽѩΪҶС˵
Ľѩ⼸仰ҶС࿴û뵽ĽѩȻ츳ӸղŵŦԼ¼Ķһ£еĳԺڹҲܹá
ô۹⿴ңҶС񲻶ԣĽѩɻʵ
оǼҵѩ˺ܶ࣬ѧ˷úñ֣ԺǵļҾҪˡҶСǺһЦ˵
ߣǻǧ𣿡ĽѩҶСһ˵Ȼ˵ȥŷǧȴûд⣬ǳŵۣΪҶСոտ佱ܹԼİ˿佱һҸ顣
ǧ˫赣ԺһŹʵġҶС˵
ߣĽѩɰС˵
ҶСЦЦɫһʵʱһֱûмʦ
ûмȥ˼ζμңǶԶʦΪɻؾңһԶʦ˵ԶʦӦòᱻաĽѩ΢΢ü˵
ʦȷʵǱΪˣΧиּšҶСĿ˵
ô֪ʦĽѩҶСʵɫÿ
룬ҲǸո֪ʦģҵʶΧڣ֪Щ׾ٵ顣ҶС͵㵽ΪҲܹ
ҶСͺĽѩɫźÿ˺ܶ࣬ΪҶСѾˣղƭһΡ
׼ȥȶʦ𣿡ĽѩҶСʵ
ҶСҡҡͷ
㲻׼˼ҽװɣĽѩ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ţҪ죬ҺǵжԵġҶСЦһ˵
治֪ô˵㣬˶ռҵŮȥ׵Ļ¶ӵĲǶμҺˣռҡĽѩ۹⸴ӵ˵
ȥȶʦ㲻ԴˣҶСʵ
Դܹô㲻һǻȥȣĽѩһ˵
㲻ͬĻҾͲȥˣҲ뿴㲻ˡҶС˵仰ȻǼٻˣ֮ô˵Ϊ˽Ľѩ˵Ľѩһĳرˣ飬һҶСȥȵġ
ҵĻȥȣǺðɣ㲻׼ȥȶʦߣֻһˡĽѩ˵ȻĶҶС磬ϸĹ۲ҶСɫ
áҶСû˿ԥĴӦϵıûһ˿ĲȻ
СѾͷսǺǣҶС
龰ĽѩŭĵҶСһۣȻҶСϣҶСһȭ
ʯĳһ鶼ûУʦѾĶ㣬㾹ȻۿҪ˻ȥֹ㻹ûУԸⲻԸ⣬㶼ȥȡĽѩҶС˵һ㲻ȣҾ͸ƴӡ
ãǼѩģȥȡҶСĽѩڻС
ҶС仰ٿҶСı飬Ľѩﻹܹ֪ҶСղŵĻǺЦģһ
ߣ֪۸ңˡĽѩҶС绳ѶȻһ˫ϣ¥
ҶС粢ûȥ׷֪ʱĽѩкܸӣһҶСȥף¾Ҫˣʱ϶ų֣ռСȻ׵壬ο˻ʦϵ
ʱĽѩȷʵе㸴ӣȴûҶСĸӺܶĳ̶ȣΪѾŮ棬һڲΪϹȥе㸴ӡ
һϵլڣһµԺڣһشŵŮԺڵʯϣ¶һ˿ǡ
ŮǶᡣ
ҶС뿪коһ˹µҲ뿪УͶμ֮Ҫģͳص˶μңͼ˵˵ҶС֮飬ǣֱ£ȻͬˣȻ󷴿ЧģһһסˣһΪ
޸ֻܹ֮ȴǸ˵ȡ
ţҶС֪һģһìܣϣҶСֲϣΪҶСΣա


1262 
ΪߵȻҲǱѰ֪ڰңЩ˵ҶС糣˵ˣ»ҶСճ鷳
Ҷ㡣̧ͷԶգ˵
ĽѩķУҶСһչʶ鿴Ͼӽ£СһΪϡ
У֮˺ܶ࣬ȥɽׯֵط඼ϰڶ䣬ǻĳ쵼˵ıڣԺĻȡ
鿴һҶС˼һҪȥȵģһҪھлĵȥȣǣ֪᲻ʥ֡
лĵ죬Ҫ쵼˶붼ᵽս˼쵼˶ˣ֯һ֣ȻҲ˼Ůӣ׶֣һԺҪ֯ˡ
ʱҶСе΢΢ͷۣһһôʲôʼտסǿԼʵڡ
ͨؽڣҶСоһɡ
ҶСĽѩĴߵ˴ǰֻĽѩԺһ似һӴƮ¡
ոշ䵽Ľѩǰʱüǿߵʶɨ˹ҶСʱЩ˵ʶȥ
ĵˣҳְɣһ˶ǶʲôġҶС˵
ߣΪôߣôù㡣ĽѩҶСһ˵
ɵҿֻΪҶС˵
Ȼ˵ɵߣҲҪ˵㻰ֻܹΪҪȻҾͲˡĽѩ˵²ĲӣҶС
Ȼ˵㻰ҶС羲վĽѩ
ĽѩӶ֣ӰΪģ׵ķΧӰЩӰʵʵ̺ȵ
ߣһҪúýѵһ٣㻨ģ۸ңĽѩһһҶС繥
ҶСһ˿ƶûзţԼΪѹһء
򶷹вҪġҶСѵ
ĽѩĹܴ󣬵ҶСȻٳⲢƷ⣬Ľѩûг͸Ʒеľ衣
ҶС粢ĺĽѩ򶷣ָô
Ľѩһ߶սҶСһѣڶϼԾĽѩоԼĹˣϲòѣԼĳΪ˽ѵҶСһ١
ʱúܿ죬ҶСһֱָĽѩ似ԣĽѩһԺܸߣ̶ʱ䣬ʵ֮ǰ˲ֹһ
ҶСĵĽѩүүϲѣѾҶС統ŮҶСʮֺãⶼĽѩʲѡ
糿ҶСͱĽѩˣǶ޵ӣĽѩһļҶС̵ӣ뽫ҶСһ٣ǣǶ֡
һ㶼һʦѾˣҿͿްɣѾ𴲣ϴúõĽѩŻڴϵҶС˵
ģеҶܹ֪ĹͷһֵġҶСЦ˵
ʮ׼ʱҪμӻˣүү̶׼׼ǸһȥĽѩҶС˵
ȥáҶСҡҡͷ˵Ļͻ˸оռҵ⣬һҵķʽȥҪүүһȥ
⻰ĽѩݺݵĵҶСһۣȥʲôѵҪۿԼڻ˵
ҶСεЦЦ
һ׼ȥЦЦɣߣҿ㵽ʱôճүүһأԺҪȢңɾˡĽѩҶС˵
ҲԲȢ㰡ҪˡҶСЦЦ˵
׼ңҲŲ㵱Сˣ㲻Ȣң׼ýȢ˭Ľѩһ˫Ŀһҧʵ
ǺǣЦģģүүǱһ˵ͨġҶС˵
ԸˣˣʹɣСˣߡĽѩһ뿪ˡ
μҾ޴լԺڣеĵط˴һϲӡ
ķڣһϮ׵ĻɴīĳϣͶǾרҵķʦƵġ
ʱױ̨ǰžԼգòھƷУھһϸµĴԵɷպĵ޵룬̲סҧһڡ
׵ĻɴΪҲΪšžеԼ˵¶һ˿Ҹһ˿ǡ
㣬ҵӭ׳ˣ׼׼ʱһʮ߰Ů˽һ˫ڵӺǱʯһ㣬˵鶯òͶơ
֪ˡᵭ˵
㣬ǲǻŽϲ㣬ԻֽߣоŶŮ˵
Ŷ󣬶ʲô΢΢һЦ˵
ΪʲôͲˣѾˣϣ㱧ߣǸʱһǽҸʱŮΨ²ҵ˵һ˿ƤЩɰ


1263 
ˣ㣬ûнƬҿǲǺ˧Ů˫Ŀʵ
ûУˣͿԼˡ΢΢һЦ˵
ϣ治֪Ǹʲôã󲮺ʹΪҪ޸
ڴı΢΢һ̾˵ȻĿͶŮ
㲻ôңҲŲӼľҪҼ˵ĻҾͲμҵˣߺߡŮӶСȭ˵˵Ŀɰ
㲻μҵ˵ʲôˣʱһϵֻһл˽ɢŵϡ
Ƕμļιݣĸס
ŮһС࣬һ֪˵ӣòĽһ󲮡
СԺٸѧõģѧЩҰԣߡιݿһ۶˵ȻĿͶ˶ᣬӭ׳СʱҪˣʮӺ
֪ˡᵭ˵ûۿһ¶ιݡ
Ů̬ȣιû˵ʲôȻ˳ȥ
ι˳ȥͣ˻СȭɰСӣԼеĲһƤɰӡ
㣬֧ܳμң˽㣬Ϊʲôֻܻأʵ
볹׽ͼìܣû뵽ôˣǻ¡ɬһЦ˵ȻŶ˵ϣԺ󲻻ǿ㡣
ߣҪǸǿңҾһѻȻߡ˵һӡ
ЦЦû˵ʲôֻǶЦû뵽Ǽ󣬶һѻ˶μҴլ
ʱһŲֻһɫװǰɴһ컨˽ΪûйصԵʡ
ô㣿ɫһߡ꣬ܲ˵˵
ᣬʱ仹𣿡ŶһЦȻŶ˵һģ
ǶҪ޵硣
Ŀ˵ҹôѵ㲻𣿡
ᣬҲҪңڼǰѾˣΪӱⳡȴˣʱڼ尲ŵĻȷʵҲͦеģ֮Ҳ֪ҵһ룬͸ҵһԵҲܹõ㣬һһӣһλᣬһõģú۰㡣һ˵һ˵Ļ氡ʵΪûйڣҪȻڶơ
ЩڶͶα˵˰컹ǿ˶ò᳤һ绨ף´磬綼Ȣ
Ļ̫ˡ˵
֪ûʲôоʱĹȥҵģѾ˻ɴѾ˵ѾʼңǺõĿʼˣҲˣϣ㾡˵һ䣬Ȼ˳ȥ
Լ尲ŵĻҲͬ⣬Ϊ֪ԷģԸȵȣ뿪˶μҲûȥᣬˣμҵŶڵƬ˵ȥ£òʱ׵벻۾ˡ
пʼڣΪμǰʱԼûȥ᳤ʲôӣ⼸һЩ֬׷۷ܵĹϵ
ֻҪҳɻˣҾͲܹӳҵģ
Ǹʵ̫ˣߣúһ١ӶСȭͷ˵һŭӡ
ɲ򵥣㲻Ķ֣ȭࡣ˵
ɣ㣬ҿҶܹһ߷ɡŵ˵
ģ㲻Ķ֡ĻֻҪǸˣܹˡ˵¶һĨ顣
˵ǽɣǲǺðŹâʵ
ţǺ㣬ҲЦ˵
㣬ûˣһôġҡҡͷԴ̾˵
ϸֳһĨϼ
һ󣬶Ͷ¥󣬴ʱװĴŵվڵ·ԣ·ڻӭ
Ĵϲ֮գȴǺ磬ǺеǸˡ
ҪԼչָԼϲˡ
ʱҲڶĲҶСһǣȴһ㲻ҶСҶСΣա
߳Ժ󣬶μҵŮٶһϲװ磬ÿ϶Цݣ֪Цмα
֮ЦݣĪĸеĺͱˣһķչȻҪŮˣĻѾԶˡ
ߵһԺʱͣΪĸȴ
һ޵ٸѾҪʮˣǱüãͬʮһ㣬·¶ûϿºۼ
ԼĸףһƬӣûнгһǵСʱ򣬸ĸԼĺãǣһжѾˣǵп飬ֻĽּҵĸоʧˣģį


1264 л
ᣬ֪ܣǴŮıǵ˴ӳʼѾעˡٸŶ˵΢΢̾һ·ԼҲǼƷвмֱ⡣
ӳע𣿡ᰵ˵һ䡣
ᣬ⺢ҲˣãͨҲȽ𾴣Ȼǰ˵ĺãҲδһõѡ񡣡ٸٴ˵¶ھлĹУʲô⡣
ȷʵһõѡ񰡣ᰵ˵ʹƹԼĸȥξӨ£˶μҵĴԺУ·ǳն˺Ͷμҵһо
˳ȥΪĶҲ˳ȥ
ΪɵͶμ˵Ц̬ԵüΪԵúءһľ̬öμҺܶ˶ʮ⡣
һƬ֮أһıεض𣬴ʱӱſһֱһ¥һ·ȫ˺̺ſҲ˴ĺϲ֣һɻӡ
ʱڣһ޴УԲΣЩԲǰųǵ滹ζǺɫģԵȴϲ֮ǳŨҡ
лĵط
ʱѾ˺ܶǶһһУһһǰλûһˣﶼǾеλá
æк
ûйãŻ껹ϲ죬һڰɰĴ˽
ڶкʺá
ǴкʱһȺӵһ˽ߴһװǵĹâ
ˡ߽һͬ˹ȥ˵΢Ц
ӭȥҵүӣװҵүӡ
˻ûһǵһүˬһЦ˵ȻȻǰλϡ
үӸո£Ͷỹаɰﶼ˹һ֮ɫ˵ǳлүүܹǰμĻ񡣡
үүáᵭĴһк
үӿ˿磬ٿ˿ᣬĵ˵ͷһԽͯŮףǰͷϡͬġ
ллүүϽ˵һܳӡ
ûдкɫƽޱȣ˿ʲô
ʱμͷ˶үӴкүֻǺͶμҸ˵˼䣬˵ĵͷͱʾкˡ
Ҳǣҿǳ壬μҲǸһ⣬Դүȥ˺󣬶μҵĵλǼ»үܹкǿǰμүϡ
㵹ͦġʱһ˽֮һʮߣл˽ɢһɵơ
һϸ˺һվŮӣмŮŮ
ռһˡ
գһүӵһЦ˵
ɣֻҪûдʽСүӽү
ռүӴкĽѩ߹󣬶Ŷգһ۾
ĽѩĶһϹҳһ˿΢ЦǳҸֻԼ֪
㣬ЦʲôԵĶСѾͷ˶ϵЦݣһȤʵǲǽ㡭
Ļû˵꣬͵˵ͷס˻һ¶һϲ
һλ˽ɢһֹǼҵͷӡ
໥к󣬾ΪȨүӶǰ棬ǵļҾ춼ںĳš
ʱҶСѾˣУտһĻĻ
˿̣ⶰΧվֳǹ֧ʿÿһɢһɵѪζǾܹսϢЩȻûǵʵֱ׷ĸ֡
ȻЩʿ⣬Χоѻ֣ʵǿߣʵǿҲҶСʶУⶰУʥˣǿ߼ʮˡ
λλ쵼λλŮʿҺãġ콵飬õӭһСĽϡǴҵλ˵ǳʱһɫ۵Ļߵǰ棬΢Ц˵żǿĸȾ
仰˵ŻͶߵǰʻΧɵƽ̨ϡ
ǻ˵һϲĻеҶСĵĵȴš
ݹȨʿ˵ʱ˿ǳɻĻƵգôʱλλСׯʥĻʥáԸȢλСΪ𣿡
Ը⡣ᶨ˵ȢôһλƯŮΪȻԸ⡣
һΣƶ븻ֱԶ𣿡ٴʵ
ǵģƶ븻Ҷ˵
ôС㣬Ը޸λΪɷƶ븻ֱԶ𣿡Цݵʵ
ʱھ;ȴŶĻش
Ĭûлش¶һ˿Цݣ·еڴ
ʱ֮üͷĸĸһ˿ԤУһڴͻϲӡ
ҲԸ⡣ʱһ쳹ڡ


1265 
ҲԸ⡣һþûصУһúܶ˵ɫ޴еĸ֣Ƕ֮ˣֻͷˣÿϵЦݶʧˡ
ϤޱȣЩжΡ
ǽ򣿶һ˫Ƥ۾Ǿϲ
һƮ˻꣬Щ·ǴвͷףȫҶСɵġ
ЩУһӰͻȻ֣ȻŻ껺£֮˾ͱһӰ˻С
һӰȻҶСˡ
ᱧڻкĿһۣȻ޵ĺ촽һǣɲǼ䣬Χ֣Щ˫ɶԣ໥׷ڻϷһϲ컶ֵͼ
ʱˣ·һԣЩ궼Ϊף
һĻ˺ܶˣ𺳣Щͺôģγֵģʺܶࡣ
ҶСͶһĻ챾ӦóΪǵɫѿ˼㣬ҺͶμɫҲѿ
ү¶һ˿ɻŤͷĽѩһۣû˵ʲôΪŻڵοҶСͶһûпҶСӣǴӸղŵǵҶСӰϿѾеȷˡ
ĽһĻзĹâ
ĴܲȥһÿߣĽѩгһ˿⣬ԸҶСֹһף񿴵ҶС绳бűŮӣܲζ
ãҶСͶŷֿһӨ˿߽˵촽·ٸǣߡ
Ҿ֪ϷɳһĨϼǿ顣
ͽˡҶС΢΢һЦһɫŷͱҶСּƻˡ
˭ȻҽƻĻ񣿡ʱɫĿҶСʵϱŷһɵƣž⡣
ҶС绺תͶһˣΧĻ٣˽һֻֻš
ռҵŮҶС𣿡
ռҵŮѵռҵŮ
ϧһɫˡ
Ļǲǿȥռˣ
кϷˡ
ܶ˶Щ۵˶붼һˡ
ѩ⵽ôһ£Ľѩ̿ҶСʱĽѩʵһ˿ɫ
̣ͱˣȻȥٸ͡Ľѩ˵
ԼıŮ˵ҲûرίӣϸмΪ⣬̾һЩ֮ĸԽԽԽ㲻ˡ
ô²ѾʶˣҶС絭һЦ˵
ν٣ҲҶСһȥʼһʱ١
㡣ҶСʱɫˡ
֪ҶСΪ֣ǿ˵е˵ȥɣ翴ҶС˵
ҶСʵܹ³һ㣬ڻʼһ飬ǿɶ֪ģЩǿ߲ʵֶҶСƶѡã˵ǡ
ʲôʱǿ˵ˣţ㣬ҲھȻҴŵ⣬˵ҸζгͷأȲ˵ţ㲻ţǿˣܹôҶС翴˵¶һ˿
ƽȴһְĶֱðСǡ
ԺѣҪҽģ
ҶСĻĬˣŭڣȴұ¶֪ҶСͲܹԿģֻˡ
ҶС磬֪ʵ׵ĹأĹأϣ㲻ҪĲ֡ʱһԲϣһ꿴ҶС絭˵ϴһֵơ
ǺǣЦŵܹᣬԸһһһ𣿡ҶСЦһһ꣬ȻĿͶ˶ϣʵ
Ը⡣û˿ԥشҸĹâ
Բϣڶͷһ֪Ļǳ׵ûϷˣ˼ģҿԷͦţƵģ˵ҺͶμϹʲôأǽԼȥñ˴
ᣬʼնǶμҵˣÿһ仰ҪĻιߵһվȵ
ɫӵĿһԼĸף֮Ǽᶨ֮ɫӽ쿪ʼҲǶμҵˣǷμҵģղѾˡ
Сᡭĸվһ׼Ȱ˵ᡣ
裬㲻˵ˣûһԵļ岻Ҳգ˵
㡭㡭Ļι˵˻
ҪμңҪ־͹̫ˡٴ˵һ䣬ȻԴҶСļϣƺеۡ
ȷʵˣˣԼʧʧʹҿҶСһܷĸ԰Ъ
ҶСǰɣ˵ռҵŮôͣʱүӵʵ
ѩȷʵŮѣԺһӭȢģҺ֮йϵ𣿡ҶСʵҪҽʲôڲǹŴˣ˲ܹ檵ģǼ屳ЩУĸǣ


1266 С
ҶС仰һܶ˵ɫ˱䣬ңȷʵ֧֣Ǽ֪û뵽ҶС羹Ȼ֪¶˳
ҶС磬ô飬㶼ҪһҪȻôˣ˵ȥɣҪ֪ĶʲôˡʱղŲǰ˵˵ɫԵú
ҵȻҪˣô赲ңƾǳ¼Щ֣ҶС粻м˵
ҶСһӶ˵ǳ¼ҵˣڵĸɫ΢΢һ䡣
ಡһӳҶСǰǶǰʥ֡
ôˣĸλ飬ΪǸҪȻͲҪ߳ˡһ궢ҶС˵ź⡣
дһƣүӽ˶ͳȥ
ǶμңңҶСĲöԸƾҶСںֲ֪ܶǱܹĳ
һ֮ˣܹģͨЩүӾָ˴ݲȵȥ
ҶСһԲһ߳ȥûֹҲǵȴЩߺ÷֣Ͼһսƾ̫޴ˣ϶Შˡ
ʱֻʣҶС硢ꡣ
ְɣʲôƨҪҵǸһڰˣǲҿʵûǸʸ񡣡ҶС˵ȫɫâųγһ֣ͶУһյ
Ȼ㶼֪˲˵ǾҪն㣬Ҫ־͹Ǽ嶪棬̫ˣ㲻òҪȻܶ˻ʳѰġ˵
䡭
仰˵󣬽ɫɫɫɫǳɫâϱ˳ۼˣöȾ֮ɫ
Щâһ˵ζ·໥ӦһƬ
âҫ˽ҶСΧס·ϵĹâγһĿռ䡣
СǾƾֲǸ˴Բѵ˵ҪǾʵǲΧɫâתӰҶС˵ǲм·Сʲôǡ
û뵽㻹мȻʶС󣿺ߣСİܹ˽ģұȻСʸ񡣡ȿʼ˵ٴδ
һ𣬰ΧҶСͶΧĹâֲ֮ˣǿ˲ֹʮ
ҶСĹ۲ƣҪȻһ﷭˴Ͳˣһô˵ؼжڣɲܵʲô˺
ʦ²£ҶС΢΢ͷŻе˶ʵ
£ߣʲô¡ҡҡͷϹҸ΢Ц
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ʱҶС·˻һ㣬һƬһռˣ֪ⲻǴʱ϶ԭأ󷨵Ұ
С󣬽֮硣ʱһ
һΧɵͻȻΪ֮һ䣬ȫתΪ˽ɫһɹâдǿɱ֮ҲǽŷܹնһС
ϡ֮ɫһڿڽɫۣ飬಻ʤÿһڽɫж̺ǿ·ܹضն룬ռ䶼ܹ̳һ
ಡһڿڽɫ·ҶСͶ˴
ơҶСһɫâȭͷϣһȭضңľܼĽɫ걻һͨɫ綼ҵĻζƺҪˡ
һ䣬ɫͻָȶҶСе⣬ֲǸţСȻǲסųɵĹ
ʱɫâҫˣɫ׵ӰͻȻ֣ҶСնɱ
ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һƾһգһȫɷâ֮۶ɵĳС
ȫ𡣡ҶСһ֣һֲķâ֮ӳϱųһߣ·Ǵع򣬸һ޷赲ĸо
䡭ɫ׵һͱҶСƳˣɫ׵˶ɽɫ۶ɵģƳǾʧ
ʱҶС糤ӶƾһնɫһӾͱҶС绮һڣ¶ҶСҰУԼһʥ֡
ҶС粢ûдǵзɳǾվ뿴Сİ
ã֮ˣˮˮ֮硣һȵ
ʱɫһʧˣǰһƬվںϡ
ͻأ䣬һɺˮ۳ɵĳγɣҶСݺݳ̺ŰˮԵ
ҶСûпһкˮ۳ɵĳһӾɢˣ·ղֻǻӰҶС츳Ĺ


1267 
ô£ҵĹôͻȻɢʱһ𾪡
ҾͲţǧˣҹΪˮİʥǿߣһһƲĳ·ǹ֮޾һ㡣
ҶСУʮߵĺӿ̺ҶСٴζ츳ӿĺ˲ƽϢˡ
ôΪʲôҵĹͻȻɢһһһ˿ңǶδ֪Ļҡ
תԣˮľ
һʱҶСͶĻٴһ䣬һƬĲԭȵϢӡ
ŨϢоûʲôΣա˵һɻӣһ˿
ҪԴڵϢڶ׼һʵĿʱҶС
᲻ĿҶС硣
ЩľԵľܹȵĲҲܹղһĻڶһ߸ʬҶС͵
ưɣҶС˵ľԵƬԭҿռҵĶ
ҶС˫Ŀһų˫֣ǰУݺһץȻ󳶿
һƬռ·һ޴ᣲһͱҶС糶ˣ˲䣬ѷ֣С۳Ŀռֱӱˡ
ۡʥܵǿķһѪ
ٴγ˵ҰղŵһĻĻ·һΡ
Сǵ̣ˣ˶ߣΪҪԼĳö̴أ߾Ҫߵãǲ츳ߣȻСƣγ츳ߵĹֶζҽйʵ̫˿ȥˣܹСֵزⰡžήҲˣҶС̾һɸֵ˵·ڽѵԼͽһ㡣
ۡҶСһ仰øѪҪ֪Сǿ˼ʮʱ䣬ҶСĿоȻ˵Ĳôܹŭôܹ
ҶС˵ʵûһ˿ĳɷݣ߾Ӧøս츳һղǽԼĹȫתΪһ᱾ĩˣ
Ҫ˵ĶʵͲˡҶС翴˵ҶСĻ᲻Ц
ҶС磬̫һ˫ĿȼŷŭĻҲһŭӣ޲ýҶСˣȻлһ˿Ŀ־塣
ʲôߣȻǶôûãǾȥɣҶС絭˵ǲпᡣ
ס֡ʱһͬףը
ʥһأߣס𣿡ҶСЦһһͷֱӽסˣǱӨ͸ıڵѪҺȫסˣϢɢ
䡭
ʱһӰ˲ãص̤˺ɫĵ̺ϣ¥߻˻ΣһҪ̮˵ӡ
һް߰׵ˣ͸¶һɲɣ·֤ʱĸ档
ʥϢȫޣһɺ嫵Ʊŷ¥󶼺ҪƳơ
ǹǿƽҶС˫ĿͬУʵҸմ˰סû
ˣ˭סҾס֣Ҳ̫û˰ɣҶС粻м˵һ׳һˡ
ܺã˲ò˵ǳ¼ҵ㶼նɱǻˡĿҶС˵ƴʢ·Ҫֵӡ
¼ҵˣɱľǳ¼ҵˣг¼ҵˣһҶСɭȻһЦ˵
Һǳ¼ԣ㾿˭ҶСſĻ˶ҶСʵȻ˵ĻͱʾԷбڷǰҪԷıŪһնɱһǸҪӵܣôǳ¼ҵӵܿ¶ҳˡ
Ū˰㻹֪˭һΪ֪أҶС羪ȵ˵Ϊһǳ¼רԼģ־ƺܣΪ¼˼Ļɳʥˣ⣬ȻⲻƶϣҲܱ֤˵Ļȷˣ¼ѹͲ֪ͶĹϵ
˭ôûм㣿ҶСĻ΢΢һ㶣һҶСһ߻룬ԼǲʲôطҶС硣
̫ˣɣҶС˵ͻأһƴȵƱڵŭơ
ɫһ䣬û뵽ҶС˵־Ͷ֣ߵķ緶һ㶼ûУȫһ
æһȭɫâ۳һȭͷҶСһƹȥ
ꡭҶСһֱɫâ۳ɵȭͷȥƲһӡϡ
䡭
˵嵹˳ȥݺݵſڵǽϣǽںȻ˳ȥͬʱһѪ


1268 ն¼
ⶰУܶΧԶŸովлǸе
һЩ¶ֻЦݣһЩ¶ĵǣһ˫Ƥ鶯ͬһԺڱʯһҫĹâĽѩվһʱʱĽѩҶСϢ
֮ˣһ·˭ǷǧԪμҵһСӣǵģ֪飬ˣҶӣԺҲǶμҺùжԶ᲻
֡ղŷɽȥλǰܲץסҶС磿絣ǵʵҶСԺĳд鷳ˡ
Ӧÿ԰ɣĸҲȷĻش
䣡
ʱ¥ǽͻȻ䵹̮һӰ˳ݺݵĺ̺ϡ
˶۾뿴Ǹ˾˭ҷɳ˾ҶС磬ôҽ컹пһ棬ǣǾ澡ɥ
ʱ֮ˣôϣڵǸǱӰҶС磬ϧⲻǵĿˡ
ʱһͬɾµ˶¥߳ҶСͶᣬȻ뱧ڻУһ罺Ķӡ
ҶСͶ˳ҵĳĽѩͶһ
Сȭ˵ͻȻʲôһ㣬ŤͷĽѩѩ㣬ҽ㶼ϲǻ᲻ᳳ
ߣֻǸĴܲЦǻһ¶ĽѩҶС˵ġ
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ҶС磬ԶȺдôһ
ΪһߣȻˣҶСʱɫ䣬ҶС磿
¶һĨ֣һ˿ĿɬֲöԷʵôǿԭҶС簡
Ѿǣ򲻵ѵ²ҪҶСͻҶС˳¼ҵӣҪȥҶСҪܵļƻУҪȻǿУŮӵ壬һá
ҾǣûнĿˡҶС絭˵ƾջһεķâ֮۳һ˿ߣԾٶȻ˹ȥ
ɫһ䣬ˣͬʱ˫ĳ̺֮񱩵ռҵ·Ҫ˺һ㡣
ֲ̺ۡޱȣǱҶСâ֮۳˿߽һ첲նȥ
ֱ۵䣬Ѫɢںɫĵ̺ϣɫĵ̺϶һ˿֮ɫ
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ߵ𣿡ҶС˵ɫâųڲͬʱ츳¶ۣ·ء
ۡʮ֧Ĵ̽ڣӸ¥£˵ϣײ¡ʯذֱѳѷ졣
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ѩƯġ뿪ҶСĻ˵Ů໥佱ŶԷ
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漴ҶСĿ絶ɨһۣȵ¼ҵ˸ҳ
ҶСϿպƵ·ǧŭˡ
ͬǾ׵һ仰һһЩгһ˿ҡ
׽ԺеҶС磬ÿ˵仯ܹȷİաЩлҵ߲ʶǳ¼ҵˡ
ĿѾȷˣֻʣжˡҶСʧԭء
ۡһ˵սľϴҶС·ոħ¼ҵˣһҶСնȥԴ
һһЩͻȻ䷢ԼߵûԴѪʱŵü
¼һɥҶСʱһС磬ڹ˰ɣ
һҶС缫ΪϤǹ֯ĺ·ɡ
վеĺ·ɿҶС·ɱһĻһпû뵽ҶСѾɳֵزնɱʥһǿͬʱϡ


1269 ɱ
·Ѿ˺ܾãҶСնɱʥֵḶ́ҶСͳ¼ҵһЩìܣ֪ģˣҲûг֪ʹ¶赲סҶСնɱ¼֮˵ľġ
һûܵͷܵ˳ͷȻ֡ҶС˵˫Ŀ磬硣
ҶС磬Ҫʲôһʼ֪ɡСŮˡҶС˫Ŀеĺ⣬˫ȶڴǿ־壬ҶСնɱ˺ܶ¼ҵˣĺ岻ѡ
ÿ˶ҪΪԼĹ򵥣˭Ҳ⡣ҶСһһ
ҶС磬㲻Ҫ̫ʱĸ׽ضҶС˵һķŭ
ҾôˣҶСȻһ½ţ¡¡죬·ɽҪǵҪ٣һɵֱӿ˹ȥ
ŵŵšĸ岽ɫǺޱȣѪȫϣҶС粻ʹһ˿ƣһˡ
С磬ҵϣͲҪҼƽˣŹҰɣʱվеĺ·һ£ҶСǰȰ
ģԩͷծȥ⣬ҲԸˣϾһҪ֧šҶСƽ˵
ϣָһһӴ̽ϥǹС
·ֻǵ̾һҲû赲֪ҲҶСĵߡ
ҽһͨһ¹˵ϣһϥ¾ѾȾˡ
ҶС磬ҲŹģ̇ͷݺݵĿҶС˵
ȥɣҶС˵һ䣬һֱĶ£Դ·һ㱬ѣΧܶ˶˳ǽҶСòҲļҲΪԺ󲻺ҶСͻ
Ӧ˰ɣ·һҶСļ˵Ǻһ㡣
ûֻǸһЩһѵˣǰôˣҶСЦʵ
·ɵҶСһۣСŪôƣҶܹĵ
Ǹǰ鷳ˡҶСһǸ˵
ҵûʲô鷳鷳ٰżǰնɱŷڶ֣նɱ˳¼ҵĸߺ϶Ź㣬ȻλǰǣλǰҲһֱػ㣬㻹СΪã˴͸ŸԶԶûô򵥡·ɿҶС˵
ллǰѡҶСһ˿Ĺ˵
úŬԼʵȻ֯Ŀǰܹѹס˴͸ŸɣԺ˵ˣˣʱ䣬ٺúġ·˵һ䣬Ȼƾʧ
ź·ȥıӰҶСгĵҪϽ뿪ˡ
ûо԰յ£ŷ塢¼Һͼ˳۵ļ嶼֣ʮİա
ҶСһ˶ǰᣬȻƿնȥĽѩһ仰ķ㡣
򣬵ȵҡҶСͶʧˣ˵ԶȥӰʱҶС˺ܴȤǸŮ˶ӸȤΪ뽫Ǹϵھ
ҪˣѾˡĽѩ˵һĹĵӣƺڹҶС粻һȥ
ʵҶСղҲĽѩһȥǵĽѩүү̶ڣĻվе㲻ףûдĽѩ
ѩ㣬֪ȥˣĽѩߵʵ
ռңʲôòϲǸĴܲɣĽѩŶһ˿⡣
ôϲϽأֻǣղŽֵһĻ̫ˣдܵӣ̫˧ˣŽȥѧһ˭۸ңҾ΢죬¶ֳݵĿӶСȭ˵
ӣĽѩжҶС޵ֱҧߣֶֻƭȡŮӵģɷϣʱҶСֵķɧȷʵͦ˧ģһ뵽һŮֽҪҶСߣ;΢΢Ĳˬ
ѩ㣬һҺһȥǼҺòãĽѩ˵
ðɣɲܹǲС硣Ľѩ˵м־衣
ѩԴˡһЦ¶һĨ
ҲûأĽѩ˿ϡ
ʱͷ˳˵λҳ־磬λѹøλúܲãλ˵һԲҳ飬Ͳܹٺúдλˣ½ͺͷһλ۾ۣǸ
ѾĻˣһҪһͷӵĻúܶԹˣһЩ
ҼΪҪ£ͷ˷׷ȥռҡһмλүӴżҲȥ
ӣǲҲпһ֣Ϳһ壬вмֿЦ
ʱһֻҺͶμˣЩҶСնɱȫѾˡ
Ƕμҵˣĸ˫Ŀź⣬Ŷμ˵ϲһˣǰȴֹܹǶôʹ鰡
һᣬǸͲ֪ǸТŮȻѣҪ֪ĻǾԲǳιݸϽ˵ͷ϶亹о˶Էеɱ⡣


1270 öμҳΪŹ
᣿ЦҶˣһ뽫Ĩһɶĸ׿Цһ˵Ǳʹ
ҶСʵѾˣȻܹҶС籨ˣһǻŭȫй˶μϡ
һʱ䣬μҺܶ˶Զ˺⣬ȻǶԶιݷ򸾣ǣ˵μһܹôһλʵǿֲ˸ֵİμλҲףأ治ˡ
֪¹ǣǶμԸ⳥һʧιݿɬһЦ˵
ʧǵ⳥˭ϣҶʲô⳥أ
⻰ιһ˿Ŀ־壬ÿ˶оͷ亹
ˣҲֹܹݣ֪£߰ɣһкܶҪʱͷӷˣƽ·Ҹûзʲô顣
үӵĻιɴ⣬Ͻ˵һЩǸĻȻŶμһȥ
ŶμȥıӰĸǿҵɱ⡣
֣ѵ¾ôˣĸһĲʡ
ˣȻᣬºһҪǳΪҵĿŹҶС⣬ǻҪ¼ңӸղҶСһжвѿͳ¼ìܣʱг¼˳ֶԸүǵĹâ˵Ժ󣬲ҪҶС磬ܹԿġ
ǣ֣
ռҵĴլԺҶСŶֱӷɽĽѩķ䣬ϼһ˿Ҹһ˿ĽŵǣϾռң֪ȥүӡ
õģʣµ飬Ҷ㶨ġҶСնһֻ˵
š˵ͷȻҶСС磬ٻضμһˣҵﶼ˶μңͲһֱɴɣ
ðɣҴȥҶС˵ͷȻŶŶμҷɱȥ
Լ˰Сʱʱ䣬˾ͻˣѾ˻ɴһ΢һ·
ûеȴãռ˾ͻˣŽŲĽѩͶߵԺ䣬Ȼ¥
㣬򡣡һҶСͶᣬǸСһ㣬ϹЦݣȻŶ˹
ѩҶСǸĿĽѩһ
ߣүүȥһˣҿôүү̽ĽѩһҶС˵
ҶСһ߳ĽѩǰĽѩر˻С
åſҡĽѩ
ҾͲţѩǲֻҪүүǱûʲôˣͻԭңҶС粻ûз֣øˡ
ʱ˵ȷſңҶܺˡĽѩ˫ֳҶСǰҶС硣
áҶС˵ͷȻЦһ£Ľѩĺ촽һڣһʧˡ
ޡǸåĽѩ˼ڣ˲촽¶˵ĺΡ
ռһϵԺУүľʵһƷŲˮһߵȴš
һҶС˽
үүңҶСߵүǰ˵
үû˵ƷŲˮŵķУֻв豭Ͳ豭
ûãĽѩ˳ҶСվţ䲻ȵ˵ɣ
лл̡ҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ˱ϵһϡ
֪ҽΪʲôүӲʵ
֪үүʲôҪСȥģСһᾡȥ졣ҶС繧˵
СӻǸͷүʵѩ飬ôռҺôҲǾĴ壬ѩŮӹһЩװɣ
ûʲô׵ģҪϲУҲұ֤ǣһᱣѩİȫܵһ˿˺ôǸҵ£ֻҪѩͷûʲô¡ҶС˵
Ǽѩǳ㣬ʱȶǶϵѩ̶ܴȶòѩԸǶ˽⣬Ǹ߰ĺӣͲԸŮӣһˣΪ㣬˳һϣԺҪǼѩܵһ˿ίҪȻƴϹͷҲҪúýѵ㡣Ľѩ̿ҶС˵
˼кܲʹ죬ԼıŮŮӷһˣܹܲܣ·ϵʱоԼıŮҶСİô֪Ѿ޷ֹˣֹԼıŮҪˣҲֻҪһֻҪҶС粻ԼıŮܵһ˿ίܹǿܵġ
лл̣ãھˣȪпСһȪп顣ҶСϽ˵
ֻҪǼѩþСĽѩϵɫ
ȿȡʱүӲʱ˵ĿһȻ˵С磬ȻѩԸ⣬ҲֹռұϾǴ壬ôӦ㣬ܲù
ҶС֪үӲôʹģ϶ҪʲôǸϺꡣ
үү֪ռǸ壬ֻҪǿʵû˸˵ʲô˵ʵڵģռȻ󣬵ЩУ㲻ʲôǶαҴû˵ʲôүүһںЩģҲүүһܹЩ˱ͣҶС絭˵


1271 ĽѩһȪ
ҶС˼ѾȷˣЩļ壬ɨԷ棬οռңռһͲʲôûӡ
һ仰ͽүӷˣȻе㲻ҶС˵ʵ
Ͳܹүүһ𣿡ĽѩӵҶСʵ
ǶˣòſҶС΢΢һЦ˵
ˣҲĨˣԺռ鷳ɲԿѩϰһ£үӿҶС˵
˵ҶռңΪŮҪһ񡣡ҶС˵
˵ĺãԭԽϲСˣˣϽȥοοѩû˵ʲôѩһܿࡣү˵ҶСԽ
ллүү̳ȫСˡҶСеĽһȻ뿪ˡ
ҶС߳ȥıӰĽѩ˵һС̫ˣϣܹѩá
ģǸСҲںѩѩίģǾͲҪˣȷʵ飬Ǹ¡үӺǺһЦ˵лЩĽ
ôǲҲ檳ȺĽѩϴЦʵ
ôأ֪Ҷĸġү˵
˵ҵĸ飿ǽʱ˼ҼŮûĽѩ̱һүӵ
ǶǹȥˣͲҪˡүε˵
ߡ
ҶСصĽѩķĽѩĵ𾢣ҶСһ㣬ǶԼ˵źԼ֮Ĺ¡
ߡҶС˽ĽѩһҶСһۡ
ҶСЦһ£ȻĽѩߣĽѩ˻УĽѩôĽѩֻҶСˡ
ѩ׼ߣһȥȪаɣҶС˵
ҲŲһȥҪ߾͸ϽߡĽѩƺܲͷ˵
ҶС֪Ľѩǵ͵ĿڲһȻô˵ģȴϣҶСôߡ
˵һߣʲôΣգѾ¼ˣ¼Һܿ϶Ǻ֮ǣǾֳֵĻѵֵ˵ˣò˶ãҲңȪǱߵıв˴졣ҶС翴Ľѩ˵
ףһҪѧοǸѾסŮˣҡĽѩί˵
ʹסٶˣΪҪǸλûǸŵģҲϣȥҶСٴ˵
ĽѩĬһ˵ɣ
šҶС˵ͷ
ϵҶСָ⣬һܸȤӡ
ҵⳡ־ûöþʹҶС֣Ҳ˳ȥܶ˶֪һˣһǲˡ
¼ҵ˵֪ҶСնɱǼܶ˺мΪѻ𣬺޲ýҶСնɱǣһУûһܹҶС࿹⣬ɳһ֣ΪͻҶСĶ֣Ϊ̫ߵĻҶСǸ˳֣һʱֻѡá
ϵʱ򣬶ὫʱҶСĽѩ֪ĽѩǣлίѣǽҶСôǰ˵ԼţĽѩп϶ܡ
ĴϣҶСؽĽѩڻУĽѩõһίĿ
ѩˣòãҲԣҪҪ㡣ҶСϽοίĿҲܣ
ء쵰ĴܲĽѩһ߿һйԼеί
ſţĽѩҶСĸ첲ϺݺݵҧһڣҧŲˡ
ҶСһЦãġĵİοĽѩòź˺̧ܶ࣬ͷø׵۾ҶСһۣȻԼȫĨҶСϣƺŽˡ
ߣӲĸʯͷһԺҧǸط㻹ٸҲһġĽѩһҶССֵܵλ˵
ҧֻҪܹҶСǺһЦ˵֮弫ΪʵЩҪӲ仰˵ӵϣ¶򲻽ȥ
Ĵ޲ĽѩٴεҶСһۣȻӶСȭҶСϴ˼£ͣ
ͣҶС绳УԺ㲻׼۸ңҪ۸ңҾԶˡ
ţҲ۸㡣
ҪҵĻ
ţһĻ

ĽѩҶСŵһϵеĻ˵˵ԽԽСˣȻ˯ˡ
Ľѩ˯źҶСһǸ㶨ĽѩԼҸԶˡ
ڶ죬ҶСүӴУ˵ҪĽѩߡ
ĽѩʱԥУүͬҲΪĽѩİȫ룬ѱ¼ҵĸֲĽѩ֣ʹ˼ҳˣʱҲƲһɶȫƸǸˡ
һˣҶС磬飬ЩܹĳģȻǲ˵֣϶Ҫѡһǡʱ
ΪĽѩİȫ룬ĽѩүүȫͬѧռҴ
ĽѩͬĽѩͼ˵һЩĻҶСĽѩͶȪзɱȥ


1272 ̻
峿ϼȪ۪ˮǶűϼҫ£ӵԻãͬξ
ڣҶС粼˾ۼ󷨣Բڵۼصľޱ䣬뵣ʱĽȥе滹ߴ߰˱
ǲͨﳤõľסȥҲ٣ٲ
ʱУͯŮţ⣬зЩˣһֱûȥȫȪʱʱȥڶϵһЩһ⣬似
ִ̣ҶƬڱ̹תһʯϵͻȻ˫ĿһӿԶ¶һ˿Цݣˡ
ĻոãһĹĲݵϣҶС硢ĽѩӰ¶˳
Ů˫ĿоϲɫǶоҶСˡ
һɱȥ
С硭Ƕһ
硭Сµ
ôŮӣҶСߵĽѩҶСšһ£֪ҶСǿȴõر󣬵ǾҶС綼ûиоһ˿ʹЦЦ
ѩˣȱµˡʱͯߵĽѩǰЦ˵
һ仰ѾŮ̬ȣ˵Ľѩͥû˺Ǹλá
˵ЦˣѩСͲܼͥ飬ɽȽϺáĽѩǳǳһЦ˵ͯĻܿģͥ飬ɲ֪ҪԺ󳤾ҶСߣֻΪߣҶС
ʱŮĽѩкĽѩҲ΢ЦԴŮ֮俴ܺҶСһ
ףôʫĽѩ˿ˣͻȻʵ
ʫѧȥˣڻûлͯ͵
磬ʱССܵҶСǰ˵Сڴ
ԽԽƯѾ˺ءҶССµԴȻС¡
Сһ鶯Ĵ۾¶״ԵüΪģͻȻоʲôȻҶСĿڴ֡
СָոҶСĿڴʱһ׹ҫȴСҶСĿڴзɳվŷǧļϣһӶС¡
СϴγôöȻˡСĽѩװŭ˵
СϽ㵽ŷǧٲһ㷢棬̽ԴǸСһ
ʱ䣬ھû¶棬ǺĽѩ
ףС۹ô죬ȻѾ۷ˣСҪŶҪȻԺֻС۹áҶС翪Ц˵
磬СԺһúġСգŴ۾һӿҶС硣
úУֻܹ̰棬ʲôС۹̡ҶС˵
֪ˡС´ԴС۹ҳһ˿Цݡ
ţҽ²һ̻һЩ󷨣Ϊ׼ҶС罫С·˵Ȼʧˡ
ŮһȻ̸Ϊϵ⡣
ҶСӰ˱һ¥¥ҰУ˫Ŀ
ʱԺͼΣǽ֣˳
ʱһ׼򵥵·֣Ȼֽںһȫµ·ͳˣ󷨵·ͱͼ໥ںһ
ãҶС˫ĿĹâųɫһϲˡ
ӰһӾͳ˱ſڣһɷâ֮۳ĳС
˿׼һλãϹâųΧ
ŽûУҶСûֱڵϿ̻·ǽڣڲ̻·ֶθΪһЩȻʱе󷨱ҪڵϿ̻·Ӳܹ֤صĸš
ϴеʱҶСΪ˲ɽ˾쵽ĲڵϿ̻·
̻ƣɲһ򵥵飬Ҫȫע۾ҪȻһ˿ƫͷˡ
ҶСӰʱ磬ʱƮɵҶеĳϱŷŹâϻؼҲھҵķ
Ůоı仯Ƕ˹ҶСĶʱûȥš
ŮΪߵ̲鿴ΧĶԷ˴ҶС硣
ʱʶһСʱʱ䣬ҶСѾΧűתһȦȻ̻
ʱҶС綼֪Χ̻˶ȦŮһֱڵȴţڼ䣬ʫˣʫĽѩһ㾲
ҶС̻һֱûֱͣϴĵҶСһ̣ؼһ£صһɫǲ԰ףһڿ̻ˡ


1273 Ϊ
̻ҪľǾ޴ģҲҿҶС;໥ܹ֮תҪȻΪĹȻǰ
ʱ·Ϊˣվվܹ·Ǳһǣɲܹͨع·
һ޴ޱȵĻɺöಿɵģЩһµĻҲ˵˻󣬼ʹƳһҲӰ죬Ϊ̺֮
һΪ̣һǲᶨˣ֮Ӱ£񲣬
ҶСܹڲóɱĻôʥֲܹȥ
ҶСõΪĲеĽȫ˽ȥԽ;໥еʹееĸ죬ƾһ֣ܹúܶ󷨴ʦգⶼҶСھɽׯǸСġ
ҶСվԭػָһڵ;ָһЩȥ
С磬㲻ҪɣҶС԰׵ӣĽѩʵдŨŨĵģҲǵ֮ɫ
û£̻˺ܶྫǺǣʥصĸҲƳҶСЦЦ˵
̻ʲô󷨣̺ʵ
һͨĻٴһۼƣϧܹóɱҪȻӺö౶ҶС΢΢ź˵
гֵϢУֻ󡢾󡢻ȵһЩ򵥵󷨣ɱȵิӵ󷨶ûУƣֻͻƵ˵㣬йɱĶܹ֡
ôһ˿ĺۼͯʵɻ
ǴûпȿǾ֪ˡҶСЦЦ˵
С磬ϽǿľܿҶСͶһĵڴ
Ҳڴ֮ɫ뿴ҶСõĴ
ðɣҶС˵ͷԾ۳ɵ·
ֻ΢һ£ȻؼҲԲϰ£
۳·תͬˮһ㣬ţ·ļ죬һΧؼ֮
ϸĻͻֵᷢµԵһ˿˿ɫӾܹ֮ĵС
ûʲô仯Ľѩ˿ΧɻĿҶС磬Ҳһɻӡ
ǿľﻹǸղû󷨵ʱ򿴵ľ¡
߳һԡҶС絭һЦ˵
ҶСûжŮҶСĻ󣬶ǰ߳һ
ʱǶסˣһһ죬е֣Ӷոմɢˣȫû˵£ˡ
ʱС۹תһߵҶСǰһһŮ
ܹ߳󣿡ҶСĿС۹˵
ţ磬һʼ˻УſŻʧˡС۹գŴ۾˵
۵ӵߡҶС˵
һ󣬸о࣬ԭأŮһɫܲ԰ף̺ŷǧܹ΢һЩһΪһ֪һЩ
оôҶС΢ЦſŮ˵
̫ˣղҺ񿴵ĩգɽѣʯ£Ǹһ㡣ͯɫ԰˵˵һ֪ղűŵĲᡣ
Һһ硣ŷǧ˵
ǺǣǿĶǻٵĶⲻǼ򵥵ͼ󷨶ѣЩ߼󷨣ʵʵû棬ԵֵΪʱǾģΪٵģǾٵģʵ٣һġҶС˵ҲϣԼܹó󷨡
󷨣ĽѩҶС˵
ȻУи󷨣ݴԣعۼһž·ڵ棬ȫݻģȻֻǴԣ˭ҲȴΪﵽĳһ󣬲ܹ֪ҶСЦЦ˵ЩгֵĶ
С磬Ժȥô죿Ǻܲ㡣ͯ˵
ҶС˵üĴ㶯һ£Լһ˿ӡǡ
ˣ϶ҵһ˿ӡǣӰǵճжǰһҶС˵
ҶСĻŮԣ߶˼Ȼûٷ仯
ҶСŮص¥У߻¥ʱʹһǴʮ˻УȻϹ֮⣬ʮһʹһǽͷĹźãȫϹ
ϵʱŮûȥҶС磬ĬϵĽҶСøĽѩ
صϴһ£ҶС׼ղſ̻˺ܶྫڻûȫָ
ոڴϣͻȻһ΢ĽŲɻ˴ҵţֻĽѩһİɫվſڣһžߺ죬ɫһ˿ԥ·ĳ־ҶСȻܹʲôûС


1274 ʼ
ҶСͻȻţĽѩһˣһֱӵ˲ӡ
˯ûУˡĽѩŵ˵һ䣬ȻȾܣ׼ܳҶСķ䡣
Ѿ͵ߣܹſҧȥ
ҶСһߺ󣬺ᵲĽѩǰֱ㽫Ľѩ˼ϣȥȻѾˣͱˡ
åſҡĽѩźл¶һ˿š
ٺ٣ⲻåжĳҡҶС绵һЦ˵ȻĽѩ˴ϡ
Ľѩһžգ·ʢһϼ䣬ɷˣ̲סڡ
˫Ŀ޳΢΢˫ֱǰЩţЩڴӡ
˺þãҶСʲôĽѩ˫ĿֻҶСһգգĿϹһ˿ЦЦĻȡ
㡭åĽѩİҶСһۡ
࣡ҶС縩Ľѩ㴽һڣȻȥĽѩߣرĽѩ
ˣĽѩ¶һ˿ʧպͣһӡ
ľͷǸľͷҪ㱧ңԼ˯ߡĽѩһ˿Թ˵ȻתҶСһļǱƺһί
ٺ٣ѩǰǲǱס׼ңҶСӺ汧ĽѩЦ˵
Ľѩϸոµĺ˿
˭Ҫ㣬ֻǿ˯ûСĽѩ˵Ŀڲһ˾׼һåû뵽åȻʵ˺ܶ࣬ǰֶţеʧ֪
ٺ٣ĻУҾܹóѩҲҪǣǡҶС˵һ룬׼Ľѩ
Ľѩ𣬸ո׼ϸ˭֪ҶСȴֻ˵һ룬ƺе֮תҶС磬СʵС磬òǸط˰ɣ
ûУǸطܺãȪеǼϣ㲻Ѿĸܵ𣿡ҶСЦЦĽѩ˵
ĽѩĵҶСһۣͻȻʲôһ㣬ϵĺȥһίĿҶСǲǶûȤˣ
룬ûС
˵ţһȴǰˣֲ˵ͻŵģòԷϧǶҲȤˣᷳҡĽѩί˵žӨỨ
ˣûУǼѩô˵˶ô᲻ȤأֻڻʱйϵҶС˵Ľѩø˼֡
ҶСĻĽѩԺת˺ܶ࣬ȻɻĿҶС磬ҪһĽ͡
ǰҲ֪вŻ̲סÿζͬ⣬ҿ㵱ʱܾңҪȻһһԵ
ĽѩӣҶСͣԵʣͨʱͿʲô죬ϴӣʾͻᱩ¶ʵԪ֮ǳŨΪԽԽŨ񣬵㵽۷̩ͻֱӽʥǰʥ۷壬ʡȥܶʱ䣬ҪţǲǾΪÿӵĺܿ죿
㲻ƭҵİɣѾҶСļֻĽѩʵ
ȻˣôƭأȻǲܹз֮£ȴ档˵ţҶСٺһЦһ㽫Ľѩѹ£Ľۺ촽
Ľѩܻӭ߲ѣһ䣬гһĳ
ڶ峿ҶС籧Ľѩ˯㣬һ˹ĴݵʮѾȫϵˣʱѾ˱е¥ǰ档
ǾҶСľͬԴҶСĲõǶܹһЩ
ûдĽѩҶС紩·˴ȻΪĽѩӸǺãһĻҶС¶һ˿ЦݣΪĽѩʫǰ飬û뵽Ҳܷ񣬼ֱľܿȲѣŸΪϲ
ϲĶ磬ϷŵŮˡ
ϴһ£ҶС¥
¥棬ʮ˱ֱվȴҶС磬ҶС߳ͬʱһ١
ҶС˵ͷʵǱߵĹûУ
Ѿˡ˵
ǾͺãǾһɣһŬǵΪкܴߣȥ¥һҶС翴˵
ǣ١ʮʹӦһӰҡֱϣ˲¥ϡ
ҶС緵¥ߵ˳ͯӨһŷǧڳæ
С磬ôô磿ҶС˽ͯЦ˵
ѵҾͲܹ𣿡ҶСЦ˵˶٣ɫ㣬Ҫʼˣʱ䣬ҪˣĽѩǶСһЩ鴦ǧӨ㣬ҾҪˣ⣬̶ʱ֮ڹǲˣʲô£Ҳ
ôѵ㲻ͯüͷ΢ʵ
ˣʡһܣĵط¥ϣʱǾͲҪȥˡ
ðɣС磬úһúչԼġͯ˵
šҶС˵ͷȻ˹ȥ˵㴽ϸһ£ʧˡ


1275 
ҶСʧŮһȻʧĸо໥һۣȻᶨص˵ͷ
ҶСЩи鷳ҪԼˡ
ԺҪˣҲҪץʱܹСĺȡͯ˵
Сÿ¶Ҫ˼ǣĺܡӨϴǳ˵һֵ
Ҫ룬ʱ̣С紫ڸǵĶĹֻҪŬȥһᳬһֵܶģʱ򣬾ܹСæˡŷǧ˵
ͯӨ˵ͷǼᶨ
¥¥ϣ̻һԲε·ʮʹվ¥ϣĿ·Ÿֹâ֪Щʲô
ʱҶСͻأ֣վǸԲ·룬˿ʮʹߣһ֪Լվλá
ڸԵλϡҶС˵Ȼ
ʮʹӰǵλãʮΧһȦҶСΧ
ʱͬҶСڣʮͬʱ˫ĿһͬɫĹâɢЩâһƬϿγһɫ֣޴Ĺתɢ޴֮ȫ˹ٵĻۡ
һ̼䣬ȪΪɢܶ˶оؼˣҲǰˡ
ʱҶСɫâڲɫγһɫâĳ֣·Ǵ̼˲ɫ֣˿γɫâһ
˿ߵӣתٶȸˣΧҲ£˹֮ʮϱŷڹ֣Ȼ󾭹˿ߣɫУҶСڡ
ҶСɫâƣɹµ·УЩ·ɫֳʮɽʮʹڡ
ҶСʮʹ֮γһѭⲻѭڵѭʱҶСͥгʮͨ˫ͨɹɲͬɫʵĹâȻҶСһ죬Է˹ȥ
ѭҶСʮʹһ𣬷·һһ㣬ؼ֮ǵë׽룬Ҳ˲ɫ֣ͬˣҶСڲĲ֮
ѭȶʮûпȥƣȻתţǶεУƵһ㣬ÿһУʮĸһʹĽʡʱ䡣
˿̣Ǿˣȴԡһ̡
¥УŮˣ¥ʱͯǶڿУǲ֪ҶСѾʼˡ
ͯҲû˵ΪĽѩûǾҪһÿճ̣ʲôʱʲôʱʲôҪϸĹ涨ֻӣǵΪܹͻͽ
ûйãĽѩ˯Ůں΢΢һ㶡
ôǲСľܿдĵЦʵЦݷ·ܹ˵꣬Ůˣܹľܿ
ľܿĻĽѩˢһºԼķϵĺη··Ⱦһϼ⡣
ȡЦˡĽѩһЦ˵
ĽѩһӣŮЦЦ
㻹Ǵ֮ЩĿĽѩ˵
šĽѩ˵ͷС˵ڻʱ򣬵۷壬ȻҾֱܹͻƵʥٺܶʱ䡣
ˣϵĽɲͰ߽㣬ôģľܿߵĽѩʵ
ŮһЦĿĽѩ
˶ĿͶĽѩһţǶЦҡ
ʲôǶŮģ߽㡣ĽѩĽľܿȤ
ӡͷĽѩԽ˵ԽˣֱӲ˵ˣϵߺ춼ܹΪһ̲ˮˡ
㲻ˣ㵽۷󣬾֪еȤˣǿĸ˷ܡľܿ˵жŮӣҶǺҶСйϵŮӣ˵̺ҶСѣΪҶСǳ飬ϣŮ֮仹еѹϵľܿҲûκεĹ˼ɡ
ľܿĻҲһĨ΢죬ͻȻĿһſڵķ򣬳һŮڱſڣһڴӡ
һŮӣ̵ĻǶһ
ŷǧʶչϳŮӣ΢΢һЦƽ˵Ǻͨˡ
ҶСҲкøУе㲻ܹҶСӵڶŮӵʵ˵Ҫ룬ͨˣͻҶС硣
ŷǧ˵껰ԾĿһĽѩĽѩɫûʲô仯˲١
ߣȥӦ³ԱѩһȥͯЦ˵
һȥĽѩ˵ͷȻһȥ
ţͻƣҪһ£Сгֵ顭Сʱ䲻̡̫


1276 
۪ˮǶűſڣһǳɫװһīŮӣһڴھȴţŮӵȻǺˡ
ԶװӱֱվǷˣһֻֻٰ̣һʮĿźҲǺºǻˣҪҶСļܣ˵ҶСѡ
䣬һȺŮݺݺ˳ЩŮɲǹɫŮ
㡭ѩŮһ¶˻Цݡ
ӭͥŮߵǰͯϴŵ΢Ц˵
ллѾ˺ˡЦ˵ȻĿͶĽѩѩҲͨˣ
ߣǸһôģʲô취ӭļ롣Ľѩֵʮִ󷽣ûһ˿Դ׵ζҲ֪ԼȻѾסҪһУһζĳԴףֻᱻ
Ҿ˵ҪҶС磬ôͬˣдЦ⽫ĿͶĽѩмֿЦζ
ͬʲôãؼҪǸĴܲͬ⡣Ľѩ˵
ףСȥˣѵʲô飿Ľѩɻ˵ʱղһֱûпҶСӰ
СѾʼˣµúܳʱ䣬治ɰܹһܹˣϧǽȥϸ˵ͯ¶һ˿ϧ֮ɫ
ϣȻΪŴӡ
߽ȥһŮӣıԱ¶ĽжҶСˣǷٰ
ŷСڣλĵشĲŷͷɢǷ֮ɫһһѰܹƳľȱĹ
Ѿöˣ߲ݣ·Ϊļ壬бĸֵ伮಻ʤڷ˾Ų¥
һŵ䳤ȹŷҲΪŷѰţʱѾҵ˵ھŲ㡣
Ȿ
ⱾҲǡ
ŷķ˫Ŀо⣬·Ǽһ㣬ɨŸ鼮
ʱ佥ȥŷͷˣһʱŷеһ˵ϡ
ûУûУѵһӾҪҶСӰ֮£һӲܹͻƣŷɳһ꿴Ҫһ㣬ֳ־ȫʧˡ
ŷӣŷ絶·ŷеʹҲʹϡ
ĸ磬㲻Ҫӣа취ģһġŷǳĽëϹ˵
Ѿ鶼ұˣܹʲô취ŷʧ˵ʱѰ鼮ĥϵǹɷڲ蹷Һˡ
ડһξӨˮ£ŷĵֱϣһɵŷһ
ŤͷĿͶŷǣŷѪɫ˫Ŀһ˿ͣŷǵգΪˮҪˣҲϲ޵ӡ
ĸ磬ڿۿˡŷеˮϵ䣬Ǽˮ
Բö춼ûϢˣϽȥϢɣѾûˣþĴһŷ˵
ĸ磬Ǿ㡣ŷǽԴŷļϡ
ĻȥúϢѾǸˣûбҪΪһ˶ú˵Ϊˣܹҳƽϵİ취ˡŷ˵
ĸ磬㲻ǷˣԶõĸ硣
ҪúҪȻԺҲˡŷװ˵
ŷĵĻŷ¶˻֮ɫϽ˵ĸĻˣҪǣͺúгɣһΪҳİ취
ŹԣϽȥɣúĸû¡ŷšһЦ
ŷվһͷȥг˰˺ͼᶨ
ĸ磬ˣ㲻ôǷȥһҪһΪҵ취ġŷһߺһ˵
ȥɣŷĻ˻֡
ϸ˿ŷģŷҧҧ촽תȥǼᶨ
ŷȥŷɫȻޱȣת˲䣬гĺ⡣
ҶС硭һҪɳͺһ˫ȭգһȭľʵĵذϡ
ذϷһӨӨâŵذ岻ƻһɷ֮ŷĻӳȥԭⲻķ
ǿľȥ
ʱǸ£ƶȥ
ǡܵƶһ΢ŷվǿҵĺģŴķȥ
߹ܣֻһǽ˿¶һΣһֵͬôСĺɫӡ
ѵʲôıﲻɣŷȻ˹ȥɫĺ˳
ɫӲ֪ʲôľͷɵģʵޱȣû
ŷĿ˿ĵʲôأɣѵܱ㡣
һҧ˺ɫĺӣ沢ûʲôذ֮ģӳһɫ鼮дĸѪɫĴ֣䡣


1277 Ϊ
䣬ĸɷ裬̺һɿѪȵ־ŷ˫Ŀ룬·ľ˽ȥ
գһӰ߳ҷ裬ֺڵüë·ڶ۽бڶǰͭɫ˻صڲΧؼ·ֻһˡ
ƣ·һ㣬̲סĤ
Ȼ䣬һ֣һСɽʱεضȥһСγһһСɽһСɽô˲䱻ˣ֪Էʵֶǿ
ŷһǰǸʧˣ·»ص˲¥ʱϳһ亹Ǿ塣
ĸְڵѪҺһɶ־Ȼƾĸ̺ŵǿӡ֪Ȿһ򵥡
Ȿɫ鼮Ա߻ɫСƿ֪װʲôŷҲûע⣬עȫǱɫĵ伮ϡ
ŷȲĽɫ伮˳ⲿ伮ֽʵģ·ĳ޵Ƥװɵ伮
˫ִ鼮ݣһҳдŰ˸֣Ҳ䡢Ҳ䡣
ⲿ伮ÿһҳֻȼֶѣŷԽԽ˷ܣ˫ĿŵĹâȫȻɢûöãͽ鼮ȫˣȫǳȡ
ǿޱȣҲ˵һаĹкܶطеԣⲿҪľǽŷ֮Ѫеоȡ׳
ҶС硭һǵţҽһڽŵ¡ŷĿЦһ˵
һȶ治֪ŷǸǰĹ治Եħһ㣬Ϳǿͻˡ
ϣⲿ伮ȻĿͶС״ƿóһС״ƿȻ򿪣һɿֲС״ƿбŷһ޷֮ƥеĸо
ŷһϽС״ƿסǹɿֲʧһղһ˲䣬С״ƿеĶʲôˣѪѪѪ̺ſֲŷĳǰѪҺ
ǿѹ¼飬ŷĽС״ƿȫŽɫĺӷŻԭλȻƶܣǽڻָ
һ˵ϣָֻǰӣ޾ɣ·Ѿˡ
ããУһϣӰȶΧȵѪɫƣѪȱ֮
ΧһεľѪأŨŨѪζɢⶼ֪Ҫնɱ壬ܹγôӴѪأѪǶѻɽİ׹ǣЩ׹˵İ׹ǣиֶİ׹ǡ
ԶԶȥһƬؾ˼
ͻȻ䣬ѪеѪҺۿɼٶʧͬʱһѪɫ۵ϵƼ
䣡
ƴϱųһѪ˫Ŀ˫ĿѪɫâ·۵˶Ѫӡ
ȻХһͬס
ˣϲͻˡȶӹ˵йâ֪ʲô
ͻˣҽ󣬾ǳֶԸҶСʱˡ˵
ʱͻȻ䣬ƾ£˷䣬ѹѹƲۼһɺƴ־
ã췣˵һ䣬Ȼʧԭء
½һһ£Ѫɫ۵役ڣͷѪϴӿбŷ
䡭оŵŵ罵Ѫɫ֮ˣƤܶطͼ˰׹ǣϢ١
ʱ֮ϣƲɢȥ·ûгֹһ㣬ſ˵ϵӰ˶һѪɫâŷγһѪɫ롣
Ҳ֪˶ãǡѪɫѳѷ졣
ءѪɫ飬һӰȻͦһѪȱ֮ϳȵһϮѪƾ۶ɣϣһɫ֣߳ϡ
ߣȥ񡣡Ѫɫۺɫһȶԣ˵ӹɵζ
˾ǱҶСİĺ־ǿͽЦĺ֪նɱ˶޹֮ˣǵѪָơ
񲻽ǻָƣΪһ㡣
뿪úӰƾճ֣վգĿоһС
Щһȫʥ֡
͸£ˣնɱôˡһʥ˵
ղ췣֣ǵΪˣҪץסǵѶ˲١һɫʿֳһѳ˵
ǲǻˣҪʩѹǳֶԸˣһɫʿ˵ӵķװϿ\ľ֮ˡ
᲻ǻĹɳˣ
ᣬҲһͬ˳֣Ǹ˵ĳֲǹҴѣĴѣ˺͵Ǹ֮кĹϵǻĹɹˣǿԽϢ͸¶ģҲǸ˳ɳһȫںɫе˵ǻ۵Ĺâ˵
עⲻߡ˵ţһƿնȥ


1278 ʼͻ
ҶСŮҲŬţҶС粼õľۼ󷨣̵ָǵΪٵ
ΪҶСûгֵԭҲǼɵҶСλŮӣŷͳ¼ʱţûжҶС֡
塢иŸɶ˶ǰܱߵĵͬʱںܶطߣ֯Դһֻ۱һֻۣؽ˼ûģĶҡ
ȥ̶¾͹ȥˣҪˣһȻѩƮɣҪǴź޷³һͻΪ˰Ǻޱȡ
һʱ䣬緢˾޴ı仯ȣ̺֮ĶԽңҲǿٲп˺ܶ࣬ж֮ƣǸͲں·𲻽
¹ֺ󣬾ûгֹһֱǱޡ
磬޼ɵֽܶ뵽ףڴгֵ󼫶࣬֯ѹ˼Σ޹Ϊܶдж󣬹֯ʹٶ࣬Ҳܽĸǡ
ΣĺܶСطһСӵһҹȫ˵󣬷·Ǳȫˣû˿ĺۼֹǼӴ˻Ķҵ١
ҶСڼ䣬ࡢΣҶСѹһеҾ֣֯ѹǣҶСУֻʧȥ
ҶС糤ûгֵԵʣŷͳ¼Ҷɳ˼۪ˮǶű鿴ҶСټֱӱסˣУŮĶ󣬱ĥ˲˹ձնɱˡ
ҲǼɳĸֶûлȷҶСܾڱûгȥʱŲɳǰˡ
ʱŷܶĪʧŷĸ߶ȹעǶΪҶСˣǣҶСʧˣοɱ˲òƲҶСķ
ɳܶȥ鿴Ƕûв鿴κõϢΪ£ŷ˾ǸҩͰ˭ǵ˭ù
һգѩƮɣؼһƬװعǺǸɽǸۿڣǰװıѩһĸܡ
۪ˮǣűڣŮ֮ѩˣÿһѩһŮͻص˿С
֪СʲôʱܹѾʮˡͯ̾һ˵
ҶŰ̶˺üε绰ˣѧУŮͬѧߣǸŮӡĽѩƺе㲻˵ȴǵġ
ǺǣСɣҪȻЩҲôġͯЦЦ˵
Ϊ죬ѾˣŬȡͻƵ۷壬ľܿдЦ˵
ͯĻĽѩ·ʲôһ㣬¶һĨߺ졣
̽㣬Ѿ˺öˣҲ֪ܲͻƵʥĽѩתƻ˵ܺҶСڷȽϷ񣬵ĹﻹǸȽϽߵˣʹŮǰһᵽЩ¶졣
ûôףʥôͻƵġŷǧ˵ŷǧΪѾسڣΪ˽̵ĸ֡
ʼãֻܵѹƣԴѪоһǧ
С۹죬ѾҪͻˡĽѩޱĽ˵
ŮдЦ⽫ĿͶĽѩ
룬ҲŲΪϽͻƵġĽѩϽ˵
Ľ;á˵
㣬ôǸԣĽѩź˵
ʱͻȻ䣬ռеҵĶ·ܵĳٻһ㼱ٵ
˭ͻˣ֪С绹̣ͯ˵¶һĨϲɫ
Сͻˡʱһɢö·ʱΪ˵һһŮӳ˿
ʱڱûٱԼȫչ¶˳Ů̵òʱˣֵûаļʣ·վӦóϡ
Сͻˣʵ¶һĨϲͼҶСͻƾԤʾܹҶСˡ
˵ͷŮһڴӣڴҶСͻơ
̣ͻƻ٣ͯʵ
Ѿ˰ʥ۷壬ʥֻһ˿˿˵ͻȻͿͻˣҲ˵һӾͣؿڡ˵
֪ͻƺΪܹﵽʲô磬
µǱҶСͻƣʮһٶȱһٶܶ౶൱ʮĸͬʱʮʹ߸ԼУҶСһ򡢷Ȼʮʹ໥񹦵͵ǲ谭ƳˣҶСŵ


1279 ͻΣ
۪ˮǶű¥¥ϣҶСһҵģԲһٹڵ֮پ£·һµġ
ҶС̻ҲǼٵתͻƣټ󷨵ת˫֮£ȪڵҵĶ
֮˫壬ҶСϵԽԽֲƴɢһɰ־ھ֮ϵ
ҶС磬ΧʮʹҲͻˣÿϵƶӣʮĹΪһ壬춼Ϊ֮ʧɫ
ôƣ˭ͻˣ
ͻˣ
ףȻ鿴
գ
ܵǹɺƴƣؼǿ־ؼɨ
ʱǲʱ䣬ɫɫ䵭ˮɫеںһͬһ֮ǰ˶֪мʮֲ޷ݣĵڲѹΪ˾壬·ʯһɫ
仯ĻҶСͥڲͥƯöʱڻ·תΪγһģӰò
ʱҶСоԼ·ͻȻƮһӰӰĿȻһҶС磬ӰӵҶСȴ˫ĿҶСꡣ
ƽ˸ͲԼ꣬Ҳ޷ֻһ̼䣬ܹܵһ˿˿
ʥǰҲ޷ӦֻеʥŻۣ塣
ʱҶСͥƮȥ׼ǵģӰΪһ塣
ͻأ䣬һµҶС巢·ҪҶСںϣͥռһģӰ·Ҳ쵽һͬһ׼ҶСߣ֮ںϡ
ҶСѵľ磬֪úһںϡ
ҶСĳٳٲΪûͻƣµ֮Ȼڹȥһʱ䣬ظֶѪȫһѩˡ
⣬ͻƵҶСн
츳ͬ޵鷳ˣҪ֪ͻʥǽںһγɲ©֮˼ߵľ磬һѪҺҲ̺˵꣬ʱƾһѪҺʲô£ǻѵʱȽϳѡ
츳ͻƵľ磬ӴľʶںһγӤˣֻҪӤھܹ
ʱҶС츳ߣߣͥڵģӰںϣһѵľ硣
һɾҵʹдʹ屻ƻʹ㲻ʲô
ȶͻȻ䱩ûޱȡ
¥УŮܵı仯ʱɫ䣬ǵȻ֪ζʲô
̣С粻°ɣĵʵ
ŮҲĿͶ̣ǵ֮ɫ඼ƽʱĸˡ
ɫޱȣȻܹܵҶСʱǳΪ˲Ůģ˵Сһ鷳ҪӦܹӦȥ
̵ĻŮ溬ɫǲ
ѵʧˣ
ѣ졣
ſȥ
ؼִ˼
вܹôȥҪȥҪҶС
жҲ˵˳ȻһУѡ
仰˼ҶСף˵ֻҪĬĬܣԻѳһͥһںϡ
ǣ˷ҶСܲޱȣ·ԷѣңΪͬʱĹϵ֧Ŷá
ô죿ô죿ҶСʹ˼תǧתһа취
ͻȻ䣬Ժгһ⣬뵽һǰ취İ취Ҳȷ취ȷ취ȷҪҷûһ˿ӡǡ
УòһӣҪˣҲɢؼ䣬ƴˣֻôˣҶСһݣ˾׼Ǹ취
һâ֮֮һâ֮ޱȣͿ·Ϊ͸
ơҶСҧһޱȵķâ֮һնԼ֮ϡ
ڵķâ֮ɲ־۶ɵģ֮նĹܡ
ҶС־ᶨǲȻҽһʹ
¼䣬ҲֻҶСôȻâ֮նԼꡣ
ҶСĲҽصذ˷¥ڵŮͷݺݵһʫĽѩӨŮŵĽԼ촽Ҫҧˡ
ʹޱȣҶСȻǿţã˳ɹϳѷ죬ãѳ
һ꣬һҶСͥڵģӰΪһ塣
һȴ˱ʣѷ죬·Ҫˣɲǵˣ¶ҶСԺ谭ڣҶСʹ˲ܹһ˿
ꡭʲôʲôǵ꾹ȻˣΪҶСɢ˳ȥ
ˡҶСĵһɾһŬȻĽҶСĴǾ޴ġ


1280 ۷
ҶСѾ֮ʱһոջΪƮɢȥͻȻ䣬һǿޱȵһÿϸеıӰϡ
ȫ˽ȥÿһϸжһ˿
ںϵĸͬߵںָȫȫƺϣֽһУҶСȴǽֳޱڽÿϸУںϵ̶Ҫߵöࡣ
һľʹѣøԺı仯˭Ҳ˵
λڵ˳һֻСؼ䱩ҵٶ˳ҶСڹ䣬֮ղţҶСڵǿˣȵ·ͬһۣҶСա
оı仯¥еŮһȻŵġ
СѾûˣõˡǳǳһЦ˵ЦͬΪõʻ
Ůų׵ķ
¡ؼһ죬ƱãƲ£·ĩһ㣬з·ǵ˻ƻһ㣬Ұޱȡ
֮Ľ룬ҶС֮ͥڵӤγˣһСҶСͥУ˫Ŀպϣ·š
Ѿ۳һʯһľ壬ö岻ϵתš
ڲÿһϸؾγһģģӰһӰԼԼܹҶС缫ΪƣһѱӰһӰͷһ˿˿ӱӰ뵽һģӰ
ꡭҶСһ죬ϢӿĸΪǿѾ˵˵㣬һһĵ㣬ǵ˵۷塣
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫ĿӱΪˮɫεĹâųռ
䣡
Ȼۼըɢ˿ʮʹߵϵҲжϣһɿֲƴƳ𣬷·һֱƶʱ䱻顣
ǵ㾳𣿡̺ſֲҶС
̧ͷ죬췣ˣҲǶ췣ʱˡ
ϣһǰ΢΢˾ʧˡ
ҡ¥ĴڻصҶС˵֡
ҶСʧʮʹͬʱ˫ĿǵΪﵽ˰ʥ磬ΪֲΪﵽ˰ʥڣ˶ﵽ˰ʥڡ
ʮ¥Ϸ£վ¥ſڣ·ǵȴҶСĹǱĽѩŮİΣ
ɹˣҲ֪ղŽĹзʲô顣
ؾޱ䣬ܶ˵Ϊʼͻͽֶһ췣ܹͻΪҶɹ췣ˣɲʴϻ֮ˡ
ҪúôܹΪ˿ͻƶҪȻҪɥ췣֮¡
ʯ㿴ղǸ˵Ϊʲô磿
͸ղž˭ͻƶ֪
òȥ鿴һ£
ˣ˼ͻƹʲô£ǻǾָΪɣҪˣһսҪʼˡ
սţ˼󣬾ͳ
ʱȪΪģΧļСسǣѩµĸˣͬǶëһ䣬ܶ˶̾һѩĹģ
Ȫнͨѧѧʳڣѧ࣬ܶ˶Ŷ򷹣ԵַǷѧʳڵĲѾˡ
ƣҸղž˵ǵһٳԷƫڿɺãλöûˡһ̷ʢķ˱Թ
ƺҲʢз˵Ĳ;ߣĴѰλá
Ƕλãǹȥʱָһط˵
ĶϽʵ·Ǻ˭Ǹλռˡ
ָһ£˹
˳ŵָķȥ΢΢һ㶣ǼλԱ߻мˣٺһЦ˹ȥ
ǼλԱǳ桢ĪڳԷ
߹ȥֱһλϣڶŮһЦͷͳԡ
ɣԷܹǡ߹Աߵλ˵
ȷʵͦɵġЦһ˵˶ʵʱһֱûмҶС磿
ûУʧˣˣû˵漴дЦʵС£Ī㿴С磿ǸĻϴϣٺ١
Ҵ㣡˫ĿһɣӶСȭһҪֵӣǸʡ
ףԭˣò˵С޸ǳȻܹõǽһŮʲôʱܹҵһŮأһ׵ӣȻ̾ĸ̾
˵һ΢΢һ죬һ࣬¶һ˿֮ɫ
ˣ֪ҶСȥˣϾҪˣӦ֪ͨһ¡
Ҳ֪СأǵԶ֡˵
ҶСȷʵˣһѧڸûϹΣţˣûҶСQQ룬ǰȺͲˡʵ
УҸ㿴óֻ½QQȻ󱨳һ֡
ֱŮһ㶣Ȼ϶¶˼֮ɫзһĹʣָӵϸлϲнߣԹ


1281 ҶСǳ
ҶСεķ磿ץĸ첲æʵ
ǰôˣһɻӿࡣ
ֿ˻ޱȣų˵棬ʲôԵ֣ǣû뵽ҶС羹ȻǸεķ磬Ӧòپ˰ɣΪˡ
Ȼôɣ绹Сû뵽Ѱҵ˾ǰ֪ԷʱʹҶСҪһQQжáĪ˵
¶һĨɬƺе㲻˼
ɻĿŮһãȻ֪ô¡
˵ʲôأ̲סʵ
ӵġ
಻Ҫ˵˷ܵ׼˵ͱˡ
ðɣҲ˵ǵһܿİɣЦ˵
˿ȷʵܿģԼҵǸˣѾԼϵİ೤
Ů˵ƵĵͷǷԼҵԼһ㣬ȳ滹Եÿġ
ȪжããҶСվգ˫Ŀ磬һ۳·Լ·Ѿ˷ĩ
֮ϣīߣ·ĩҪһ㣬һص־ҶС֣ҶСȻͦ·һ顣
ꡭͻȻ䣬ŵ罵£ÿһͬˮͰһϸҶС˿ԡ׹У·˵⡣
ʱЩͶܹһ˿˺ˣЩ׵Щ׵塣
·ǼܹҶС˺طŭˣ¡¡֮쳹գܼĵīƲߡ
ǡʮ˵罵£ҶСȻˡ
ͲҶСسͷڰҶС
׵һһ䣬Щ㽵ʮʱҶСŲЩ׵ˣΪЩ׵̺ǿƻ֮ڶʱڸܹһ罵ǰôڵƻ˵֮һ֣ʱܵˡ
ꡭꡭ׵罵䣬һһֲ̺
ơҶСϿֲƱŷΧ۳һΧζ
һȭƴ𣬿ռ䶯ң׵ֱ֮ӱ飬ǺصĺҲһһ£ûжã񱩵ĺٴνǸסˡ
䣬ҶС˫Ŀһһĳһεųؼپ£һšһ׵ײȥ
¡
췣ҶСĹײһ𣬱˻֮ƴӣҶС·λΪģˮΧӣγߵˮǽ
ʱһ̴񱩵һӽҶСϡ
һɾҵʹдͬʱһ羹ȻͥռУӤ¡
ҶС类ŵĳһ亹ӤɢˣôˣӤǿ󣬾ҶСһ㣬ȻЩ׵
ҶСһ
ʱҶСɫˣܹо֮ޱȿֲ
Ȼ䣬ûκεףһ罵£·ǴԽ˿ռһ㣬һӾҶС硣
䣡
ҶСһӱ˺Ƭ̼䣬ҶСӺɳ˿ǱѣһƬڣͷ
ոջһ׵֣׵ֱӳͥռУӤӤ˲ҶСо·һѵһ£ʹ֮
ҶСϽת񹦣һ߻ָӤһŲ
꣡
һ缫ϸֻпӴϸ̺˵սľ־֡
һһҶС磬ҶСĲ壬Ӥ
䣡
ҶСٴαҽ˺ˮС
ʱ֮ƲãӣһʧˣջָǰĲҰɫ
ε췣žŰʮһȷʵϬֲ
аӵʱҶСŴӴзɳһɽζɢǻһ˿Ѫ
һ׵£ܵ˲СĴˣҲõ˺ôڣһÿһ֣ͥڲҲڸӤӤʵ
ҶС˫Ŀת񹦣ǹ
һӵʱ䣬ҶС˫ĿһţǹѾȫˡ
ʱǽڵѳѷ죬ѷܹӨӨâҫ
ǡҶСЩڵƤһһ£¶˷·ǰ壬һϹâתһ֪̺ſֲ
ҶС絥һץǰϰռڵͱˣŨ˲ͱҶСƳһװɫ·ֱӴϡ
ôóɣҶС綢ҲԶ˵˫Ŀйâ
ףȻܹңһȵ漴ҶС綢ŵǷ΢΢һӰ¶˳
һɫ۵ˣгǳһ٣Ͽ֪˶֪˶ꡣ
ʥءҶС翴˵Źâ
ܹҵľ磿ǲˣҾȻΪλ˫ĿоԾĿҶС˵


1282 սʥظ
ҶСΪѾ˼ľ磬ο񹦣һк쳾֮ѾɫתΪˮɫǿ󣬿ʥصﶼΪΪĻ־Ͳʺ־Ļ֣еֻʵ֡
㾿ʲô磿ߺʵ
ҶС˫Ŀйâǹһ˿ȣԾ֪ˡ
ϣҶСƾһգռ伷ѹγһˮ򣬷·Ҫ󱬡
˵־Ͷ֣һ㶼֪ϰסҶС˵־Ͷ֣һ䣬ɿָ֦һɫų
ꡭߵǲռγɵˮѣ񱩵Ұ
ĸˣҶСʵͬʱһȭһȭ÷ԲڵĿռ䶯ѣһεӿ̺֮ơ
ҲŲʲôЩˣһɢ޶ѣúá˫ĿɫâƳգӰλãٶȼ죬ǷԵģٶȷĳ
ӰһܹҶСĹͬʱɿݵƾһգн˹۳һı
ѿնߴһӣ쳹ذ˷һʮɶɫâӱϱųҶСն
һ·ն˿ռ䣬նʱƣһӾ͵ҶСǰ
ҶСһɵ첨ʥ츳߲򳡺߲ںֲޱȣ֮ڣеһжƿ֮С
ֲ̺ɫæոյҶСǰʮ֮ʱٶɫĹâҲڲϵķֽš
ҶС΢΢ּ䣬ʣʧˣ˵һôҶСƳˡ
۳Ҳδ̫ǿ˰ɣ֪߼սǸ̥ûгˣû뵽һ־ˡԼĹҶСô⿪ڣһ֮
һȭȭɽӡҶСһ£۳һӰһӰҶСһģһʮɸߡ
ʱҶС·Ǿͳ˧һޱߣһȭԵޱȣ·ûʲôܹ赲סһȭ
նһ̽ԵĹ˶˱˴˼ʵ࣬˸ϲս
һɫâеıŷ۳˼ƬһƬ֯жʮɡ
䣡
ҶСһʽɽԷնײһ𣬿ֲƥ˷ȥ
ˮϷˮȻ¡
˵ڿ񱩵У˶Է
ӭһն
ơ
ӭն
ٴ麣
˶似ľ磬似лΪ档
Ϸ֮ͣ춯ΪģȻγʮ籩籩мŴĺˮ
ҶСͬʱһâУ˲ҶСһƹСˮ򣬶һѳ
裬ˮ
䣡
໥ײһ𣬱ŷ˿µƣ·ҪƬռһ㣬һƬеƲ㶼˴ˣܶຣﶼ˶Ƥ
˲ˣٴȥϹͷҪɢˡ˰˰֣װһ˵
ǰʵױɢҶСЦЦҲˣ֪˲ûгȫγҲûгȫⲻдѣֲûҪȫ
˷սȫµˣҲԼʵʲô硣
ʲôǰǰģˣֱӽҵֶ϶ŶС˰˰˵
ôأձ֣㶼ܹҼүүһǽһϸɣҶСЦЦ˵
ðɣôУȷʵģû뵽һͿѾָˣҲĴ߶߶һԵټҶС˵Ȼһ֣ǰ߳һ˾ʧˡ
ڵʵӦܹԿʥظˣҪնɱеѶȡȵҶС
չԲһٹﶼַΧڣеһжӲĲ鿴
ͥе񾧱ΪӤʶΪһ壬ɱһȫµ
۳ľ־涼ᶨޱȣ޿ɶҡ
ͻȻ䣬ˣ۪ˮǱŮڿеȴôʱԼܹŮˣһ£¥ĿУپ£
˭ܵı仯˫Ŀһ
ҡҶСһɢһһ񷢳漴һ۳Ӱ˿С
ҶСһóֶΣƿصĲǺ۳ӰڲţһܹܲԾܹյĻ٣Ϊˡ
ҶСĻŮǿļ֮ɫǿҶС岻ϵŤʱŵĻʧɫ
С磬ôˣôӣĽѩĵʵлһ˿Ľ
õģⲻһ۳壬ǺǡҶСЦЦ˵


1283 
۳壿ĽѩĿҶС硣
츳ͻʥ֮ͻͥڵľʶںϣɱΪԣǿܶ౶ܹ˵졣ҶСǺһЦ˵һɳϣȥûʲôֱ
ڵʵܹʥصǿ߿⣿Ż۹ʵ
ҶСԥһ£Ǿʵʵ˵ܹʥصĸ໥ɣ
û뵽Ѿﵽ־硣һҶС˵΢΢һ̾뼸ǰЩһֻܹҶСսԽԽˡ
ⲻΪҲͻˡҶСЦ˵
ʹͻˣ˵̫Զˡҡҡͷ˵
ͻƵģԺܹߵøԶҶС絭һЦ˵ͻƵĻȥСдһ£Ҳǳ
СݣɻĿҶС硣
ɣҶСſſڵķ˵
ҶС绰£ʮʹ˽ǶҶС΢΢˵ͷ
СݣȻУоͽˡҶС翴ʮ˵
ǣ١Ϊ׵˵˾䣬Ȼ˿
ȫǰʥô졣̺˵
ǺǣСݣСݣԺλдһɣҲܾͨҶС˵
ҶСĻ̺С໥һ£ϵ˲䣬ǹʧˡ
ǳȥдһ¡һµ˵
Сݵ˵ͷͺһͬ˳ȥ
С磬ǵΪҲ˺ܶࡣͯЦЦ˵
֪ղſˡҶС絭һЦ˵ȻŮͻȻ䣬˺Ҳˣ
ѵҾͲҿˣҪҸ𡣡ߵҶСǰ˵
⻰ܴ󣬷·Ҷʲôһ㡣ҶСƵ˵
ϻˣ˼Ը⵱Ůˣ㻹⣿ҶСһ˵
ԸôԸ⡣ҶСЦЦ˵˵꣬;òˣܺĽѩǰ˵ĻǲĽѩͬ롣
ȻҶСĻĽѩݺݵĵһۣͻȻĽѩ¶һĨ⣬ĽѩЦʵС磬۳壬ܲܺս
ԣʵһ㣬Ͼⲻҵһ˿۳ɵѡҶС˵
ҶСĻĽѩģĥȭ˵ȻǱԱԣܷԣЧ
ǵһɣȸ˵˵һʱ䶼ʲô顣ҶСʵ
ãҼסˣ㲻ˣߣһҪĽѩӶСȭ˵
ҶС絭һЦû˵ʲôĿͶŷǧȻŷǧ͸˵һʱ䣬ı仯
ããҶС羲վþã˫ĿǾϲԭȻ棬ӵĻܹһĶˡ
һ˿ֳؼ£һӰ۶һӰҶСһģһ
Ȼˣٷ֣ಡһӳ˼ʮҶС硣
ͻȻ䣬ҶС͸˲ˣΪоһͷĿѣӤĹףÿֳһ۳ΪһҶС磬ÿʱÿ̶ҪӤеһ
ҶСһ۳˼ʮҶС磬ͷβǹ£ϽɢЩȫջأֻ۪ˮһŸо˺ܶࡣ
ҶСתһ񹦣ȻɬһЦ̫̰ˣΪֳܹҲܹ۳ҶС磬ǰ෽㡣
ڲ֪Լˣÿֳһ۳ҶСӰҪĺܶ࣬ٶȣܹͬʱֳĵ۳ҶС磬ⲻκӰ죬ڱƽ⡣
ףͻȻ䣬ո׼صʱ򣬿˶ϷԼʮһС
ҶСһһ˲ͳСϿգղҶСõңĵߣΪͻƺ󣬳ԺеĶˣʱҶСԺлкܶܶϢⶼȥ鿴
ҶС翴һʱһסˣǳϤǵʱײźĽѩ졣
첢ôҲĸȪôС
ʱСϣֲܶϵҶӶˣͺͺģӨİѩѹ֦ͷĴƬһҲһϪˮȻһ̶ˮУ뵣ʱһȻȪ
ҶС¶һĨϲɫСΪһλľסһҲĽѩһŵгɺһĽѩס
СϣһԼĳǱһ
뵽ҶС˫Ŀ鿴ԺкϢҵ˹󷨵ϢԺ漰󷨵Ϣܶ࣬ܶิӵۺԵĻȵȸȫУкܶɱЩӵȴûС
Ȼ󷨵Ĳǲõ󷨣Ϲ󷨡


1284 ҶСVSĽѩ
ҶСԵĲ鿴һй󷨵ϢҳһЩ󷨵֪ʶȻĵ
Ҳڼ󷨵УҶС󷨵ѣСʱҶС˫Ŀ˫Ŀž⣬·ܹһС
ȥҶСָ˿죬һָ֣ʣΪīΪָֽɣڿйճӵ·
·Ĺգӿ˹Щ·УƬ̼䣬һĥ̴Сĸ·նɡ
ȥҶС罫·Ķ
ҶСڹ·һճ˰˸·ֱСİ˴λ
һкҶСһ΢΢һȻ˫Ŀ
ƴҶСղŵ·ӡС˸λĵ汬˲õĹâ˵âһƬӿ˹ʮһƬâСȫ֡
ҶСһ֣õĹâʧ֮ʧĻһС·ããϸͲһ졣
ҶСǰ߳һʧ档
ɢһɽƵòȫԺУղײգһĴڣŮˣ԰ĵһ󷨣һ߽󷨲ϣ첼óһΣ֮أȻǶ˶ԡ
еɱ󡢻ȵȫС
ʱɽƵòܹ㲼ҪҶС֮ıɽƵò
۪ˮǣűһƬյϣŮΧܣҶСһںĽѩ򶷡
ʱĿƣҶСѾȫϤۼγɵ壬ӱϿûʲôͬΪˣͿ
ĽѩΪѾأҶСһĹȴֻ죬Ҫ幥ᵽֻټ뼸ԽƵҲԽࡣ
˿Ͳսڴ֡ĽѩƲϻӶƥľӿϺĻѩ
ҶС粻ţ缲硣
㣬Ҫ㣬ҾͲˡʱ䲻ܹҶС磬ĽѩĶһСţһ˫Ůһв
ҶСɥ˵ðɣҵĴС㣬Ҫ顣
һġҶСӦˣĽѩ¶˿ĵЦݣ·ŰҶС;úܿ֡
Ľѩһ˷ܵӣҶС΢΢һ̾ĴС㣬¾ǸСħŮ
ơĽѩһ˫˷ӰѩƷ·Ƿİɫ
ҶСΪߣڣһӾͿĽѩƷе㣬ƴһն£Χ£˹γһһն˹ȥ
ҶСֻ壬û־ֻ棬ҪȻʹҲ޷Ƴ
ǡҶСһնĽѩƷͬʱһĽѩӿ˹ȥĽѩ
εĹÿδ򶷶ҶСˣĽѩǸư޺޵ҧţĵǿľͷѵͲܹҴһС
ƾƷܹҶСܣĽѩûһڳڳϣɢâʵĹâת
ֱӻӶҶСնûκεļɣΧ£ռ䷢˻
ĽѩһҶСĵ˵ͷĽѩԼĳ
ܵһĿֲҶСɫһֶ֪ΣסԷһ˫ǰĹ켣ķ£γһ
ȥҶСĽѩһȥ
䣡
Ľѩһײһ𣬱ŷ˿ֲΣ˷ԲʮڣһƬѩ¶˿ݻƵĲݵء
£ĽѩûĳˣҶСɢ˺ܶࡣ
ǼҶСԿˣĽѩбųâٴλóһڳ׼ҶС繥ȥ
ĽѩٶҶСϽͣٹȥһȫɢˡ
ҶСȷʵе΢΢ģĽѩֹͣĿҶС˵㻹۸ңߡ
ģҴû۸㡣ҶСϽ˵Ȼȥɣ
ڸʲôһ߻¥ĽѩҶСʵ
ʲôңȻһ壬ҲҡҶС͵漴˵ǸܣȲ˵һʱ䣬һϲӸղŵսܽʲô
ҶС粻˵ĽѩݺݵĵҶСһۣ˵ͲԼΪսӦǾԵѹơ
šҶС˵ͷԷȽַֻܹԷΪһұô죿
Ƕһ롣ҶС翴˿Ů˵
Ů˳˼С
ţҲֵǡٺ١


1285 ȥѧУ
û𣿡ҶС絭һЦʵ
ƴͯҶС˵
˼ƣľܿŤһˮ׼ҶСԡ
žҶСһƣҲַܹ֮־ᶨΪҡսʱ޵ŮҲǺá
˵ʲôľܿǸСŮһίĿҶС˵
ǲܣܵ͵ĺʫ˵ڴĿҶС硣
ҶСĿźʫ佱ǵʫشȷ涼˼ҵĶֵȻҪˣܻȥȱȻ˶Է
ŮҶСһۣȻ𰸺ܼ򵥣Ůȴһʱû뵽Ϊ˼άѾ˶ʽôܶԷûпǹһ
С磬ѵܹõĴڣ̿ҶСʵ
սУһսҪά壬ҲģˣɢˡҶС˵
ԭ˵
ڸоôһܹͻưɣҶС翴˵
ܹͻƣСɷȷʵ츳з棬硣̿ŹԹԵվҶСɳС˵
ҲҪô˵ԼΪͻƺ󣬽ȫȫˣҴһҶС˵
۾һȻ˵ͷ
ŮһѾĵˣҶС뿪ѧУȥȥѧУʲôûУ壬һ˸Կ͸
ףûˣҶСſں󣬷Žţûκε
ΪһᣬỹǸӣĸˣӶûеĵԹرţһĵԻϾͲرգԷʱ򶼿š
ҶС罫ĿͶϣһγʱ˿һ춼пΣڿΣҲڣֲǸһĵǹŵġ
ʱѾĵʮˣʮһСڿξҪˣһ˼½ÿΣŽѧ¥ýʮ壬ϿεĽҶڿγʱдţûв´˵Ļʱγ̱붼ǵƵĽ
ҶСٴλΪһ߳ᣬϿεĵطȥ
ߵ¥ǰʱ򣬸ո¿Ρ
ҶС߽ýҵʱ򣬽е˺ܹܶ࣬İ˵Ľݽжٶˣ⻹һЩ˳ȥԵʡ
Уܶ˶죬ҶС翴˿Ȼһȥ
쿴ǲҶСǵҶ೤ˣϽйۼͻȻ俴ҶС磬Ͻߵĳ˵
ǵİ೤ˣйɣĪ˵
̧ͷȥҶСʱ¶ϲɫȴԥ֪ôȥҶСй
棬Ҫ¸һ㣬֧㡣˵
ѾŮѣο֮ҲûйĽ̫˰ɣ¶һ˿ӵ˵
ʲôõģӣˣй
𡭡
Ҷ೤һλá׼ֹ࣬Ѿˡ
治֪ôԴҶС磬ڸγ̽ţѧϰѹʱżȻʶҶС磬ҲҶС統ߵĶ˵ҶСѧϰɼʱ
ʱŮܶѧϰõкһرĸо
ԼǸһ˿øУ˵֪࣬ԷʲôԸʲôԷʲôӡ
ҪѧʱյϢԷ˵Ҳ˽пļˣѧܹͶԷһֱûеȵԷϢ
󣬾ͺҶСˣҶСһǿҵĺģܸоҶСвʲôŮӵ֪ɣ
һԷʱΨ²ҵѿЦҲҶСܲǻգﻹǸѣܹҶСѾͲˡ
ˣΪ֪ǸѾҶС磬ҶС绹ŮѣкԥҲʧ䣬ҲټҶС硣
ҶС磬ֺܸӡ
ҶСո˼˽УѰȥʱһЦ˹ȥ
ɣܼ򵥵ģΪóһλá̾һ˵߻һλãȻ˹ȥ
ҶС˹ָָղóǸλ˵
ŮΪҶСóһ·ҶСûпҲǴʳʱϷ顣
ո͸окöĿͶԼĿмʣĽ
Ǹ˭ѵͳʶ
Ӧòɣ
ǸҶС磬ʡ״Ԫǰİ೤ӿѧڸûϹڿΣұż񡣡
٣ţưǽһŮԱߣ޸ǳ
ҶС˳ߣܶͬѧʼš
ܵڶิӵҶСһ֪ܹܲЩ֮
԰ɣȻЩ֮˹
˿˿֮ҶСһУ֮ǰˡ
ҶСһϲĻʹ֣Ҳܹ֤岻ɢȥˡ


1286 
ҶС磬ʲôʱһö˵ǳ档
ûʲôǺǡҶСЦЦ˵һʱ䲻øƯˡ
ҶСĻ¶һĨΣƺЩнһӣܹʲô仯
ҶС磬֪ǵ˭˹ʵ
˭ǳ氡ҶСŤͷɻĿ˵
Ҳ˵˵QQǳơ
֪ô֪ҶС˵
滹Եǳεķ磬ǳɲ̻ûУһЦĿҶС˵
ĪҲΪ΢ЦĿҶС硣
ɲ̻뵽ǾȻһ༶ģԵҶСĿų棬ЦЦ˵
ҶС˵Ե֣ˣӬȷʵԵ
ʱҼô㷢ϢҺܳʱԺſϣ㲻ҪҶСǸĿų˵
û£ܹʶ㣬Ѿˡƽ˵ȴӽˡ
Ҷ೤ʲôǲЩ㵽쳤ؾõתҶСֿ档
϶ЩһԵĪǻ
Ǳ˵ĿһۣȻ͵͵ؿһҶС磬ҶСûŷлһССۡ
С硭ʱһϤ
ҶСת˿Ǹһ
СӾȻϿˣǱ漣Сֵ˵ҶСͳһʱҶСһ񣬻˴ĴָʾҶСţơ
Ǻǣոհ꣬ѧУѧУʲô顣ҶС͵
㲻˵ˣǶףһһҪͣҾͲ̸˵ˣ̾˵
ҶСݺݵĵһۣȻǸĿųҪ˼ϣ㲻Ҫ⣬ǸСӾϲ˵˵
Ҳġ˵
ϵҲܹܵõֻڼǸοŮ˼䣬˭֪ԺôҶСװʲô֪ӡ
ҶСѯһѧУ飬ӳе֪һʱҲûзʲô飬ĩԵʱ䲻ˣʮʱ䣬ҶС簴ʱԣҶСͷӦ
ʱü죬һ¿ˣҶСһԸȻһˡ
Ůͬ˿϶˵Ƕ뽫ҶС
һ˵Ц߳УŵʱҶСͣסΣϤӰϣһʱ䲻Ѿ˰ʥڣѾ˰ʥ۷壬ϵϢͻƵʱҲԶˡ
ҶС磬˹
ôˣҶС絭һЦʵ
æ࿴ҶСʵɫ䣬۾ȴ¶һĨ΢΢ӵĹâ
ĿŮǳŮӵ֪еҶСĳֹϵ
Ҳæ׼ҵͬѧһԷǲĻһȥɣҶС˵
ϵ˵ͷȻͬ
С磬ϢôôǲˣͻȻʵ
ϵĻ˶ĵĿҶС硣
ûˣþȡҶС絭һЦ˵
˫ĿɫâһӾͿҶСʮ𾪵˵壬һ塭
һٸǽ͡ҶС˵ͷ˵
֪ҶС˼ﻹͨˣ˵ĵطûʡ
һо߽;ӣҪһż䣬Ȼ˽ȥΪ϶ɢԭ˵С˺ܶࡣ
þԼˣʲô˵ʲôʵڲо͵ǲںˡе΢΢ѹ֣ҶСЦЦ˵
ϺûʲôʾͷŸոնĲˮ
ҶСĻһãһ䣬˾ͷſ޷ѧУһЩӰ˵顣
λ㣬Ҷ೤Ů𣿡ʱĿʵ
ǡ൭˵
Ŷ˵ҶСŮѣһ
ϲå̧۽ĿͶ˳棬ûгشٴ˵Ȱ㻹ǲҪԸ飬֪ߵŮûʮҲа˸òҪȥ˻ˮ
Ļ¶һ˿ɻ󣬻һ˿Ĳš
ûκιϵɣҶСǲˬ˵
ҲһŮһɶꡣ൭˵
ҪܶǿڱϡҶС˵
ˣʦã˵䡣໹׼˵ʲôʱֹ
кܶŮѣ濴ҶСŵʵ
ţȷʵкܶࡣҶС˵ͷʹĳ
ҶСĻ΢΢һ㶣¶һĨʧһ˿ԹҲû˵ʲôô˵涼ֻŶĵͷҡͷһȤӡ
һٷԵøأҶС׼ǻȥܾˣҶСҲûǿ


1287 ʱ
˵ɣʲô飿߳;ӣԶҶСһ۪ˮǵķߣһʵ
һʱܶׯԵ޹ʧˣһʼɳһЩǰȥ飬һ⣬ȫʧˣʬʧٵʱûһ˿ɳüСȥ鿴һȥһ¡࿴ҶС˵
ǵ˼˼ҶСʵ
ʲô𣿡
Ȼ˼˵ʵûпգҲⲻһ壬ңУȥĻȥôѾ˽ҪͷҶС翴˵
Ĭһ˵ֻ˵ûʲôĻͺһȥ£ǲҪǿҸ˻ϣܹһȥأںܶطЩƫԶĵطѾũܶ˵Ŀֻţ潫ѹȥԷֹֻӡ
ûг£ҶСͷһʵ
ĿǰΪֹûС˵
ðɣҺһȥ죬һСҶС˵ͷ˵
ԡ൭˵ȻҶС̲סʵô£
ҵΪͻˣͥγӤȫɱΪͻһ۶ɵġҶС͵
ҶСĻ϶һֹĿ⿴ҶС硣
ôˣʲô񣿡ҶСɻʵ
̫˼ˣ츳ͻƵľ磬һʼҲ壬ַֻеغܹգοȥ۳壬ʮӾͻɢڲͬĿҶС˵
ǺǣܰɣҿԸṩһЩ˵˿ڴʧ٣һҪǵľѪ־ǿɣ֪õʲôΪаר˵ľѪƺѪӰеϵǾȴ˵ҶС˵
˵ºͺ־ǿйϵʵ
ҲֻƲ⣬˵ӦþǣܾƺԾһֿܵĻǳˡҶСɫص˵
һֿܣϽʵ
ѪӰ֮ͨͨˣȷе˵ͨһ˿˿ҪȻ綼ٽˡҶС΢΢һ̾Ĺâ˵
ôƲ⣿ɫصʵϵɫҲһƬأЩĿֲ
ǵһǰдķ׷˿ʧ¼𣿡ҶСѯʵ
˵˵һ㣬ʱǶµָ࣬е˵ֹ֯ȥˣҲ£ѵǼѪӰйϵ
ţʱѪӰһַһֽ磬һ־ͺķһ㣬Ǿ߷̫ˣʳ˵ѪҺעҪ͵͵ʳ˵ѪҺĻ֪жҪ꣬ѪӰ˽̫ˣԶԣһϣǺ־ǿһСҶСɫص˵
ллһЩæɣȥһ㣬û뵽㻹󷨣ղвһͳˣҿлͫĿҶС˵
һСֶζѣѵǴ֮áҶСЦЦǫ˵
࿴ҶСһۣ˵ˡ
˵꣬ŮӰʧˣҿʱǴѩ·ϼûʲôˣҪȻΪǴˡ
صŮ·ܵĳִ̼һ㣬ҶСûдţصԼķУУСץֻİţСֻѽѽĽһȻ󰴶һ£ֻҲѽѽ
СԸĺǸˣҶС˽ֻǳ˳ȻҲҶС磬֪ҶСⲻһ塣
СϣʱѾˣСɽоɽҶСɵģɽһģһվŹ֮УҶСԾɽȲóɾŹƣȻ󷨡
ִ󣬾ͺͻһ󲿷֡
ҶС츳ԭСϵľ⣬һӣ·˴һ㡣
ҶСգ˫Ŀպϣ˫һâͣشСϵľҲƶţĳĹ켣һһ߲ڿ̻·ҪŪúٿ̻·
ҶС׼еľƵȵȫĻ󷨵Ӿ޴
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫еĹâֹͣ˴ǲ˼ӣʱϾȻ󷨣󷨣Ϊܹˡ
ţȲǲ϶ΪѣȽС󷨵ܲóȵǼҲ١ҶСȻֿʼ˸ղŵĶ
ʱ󣬼ֱ̫ˣʮ죬Źһ죬󷨻Խеﵽһ̶ȺʱʱıҲ֮ȷʵҶСķУҶСһ˷ܴĹâ


1288 鴫˻
תۼ䣬һյʱһҶСֻԵʣһʱ䣬ֻǸŮָΪȥѧУһڿΣڳûмҶСˣʦΪҶСѧ
ڽңҶСų棬ʱʱԹ͸ӵĿ⣬ձ·һˡ
ҶСЦѣһ˿øУܹоõ˵һʵ
һڿΣûжҶС˵һ仰¿κҶС˴һкȻűȥûϿΡ
ڶգ峿ҶС绹ʱϢԶϢûڣ·סǣʱ䣬Ӱͳ¥ĿС
ǺҶСԼ˵ˣܵϤϢҶС绯Ϊһ˲˿С
ʱУࡢϣ̵ˡ
׼ûУҶС绯Ϊ۳һ壬΢΢üʵ
ˣٹСʱܹˡҶС˵ôɫܲԣѵֳʲôˣ
ȪܱߣһӰҲûУüҼĻ¯ϻſˮһҵڳԷȫʧˣһ˿򶷵ĺۼûСɫص˵
Ҳ֣ǸߵĻ϶ܹһ㡣ҶС絭˵һתǣͲ֪ʲôģһ˿ûУ
ûУǻȥ俴˿⼸Ҳûо쵽ʲô쳣˵
ȷʵ鷳ˡҶС˵
С磬ʲôˣĽѩĿҶСʵ
Ҳûʲô飬ǼӽСҶСЦЦ˵ŮΪµġ
ĽѩҶСһۣȴû˵ʲô
ǲΪü˿ȫʧٵ飿ʱŷǧͻȻ俪ʵ
ô֪ģཫĿͶŷǧ
ŷǧһ࣬üĿһ˿֮ɫ˵֪ںܶ˶֪ˣ˵ǼѾڻϴˣƬоٳЩӵ֣ܶ˶ΪⲻǳΪ޷粻ˣ£⻹һΪĩҪˣҪһνѣ˵С
ŷǧĻ˵ɫúѿ
ǿŷǧʼǱԱ˹˵
ȻѾЩϢҶС翴˿ЩѾ˼ʮΡ
뽫̶ˮˡҶС絭˵һ˿˿Ķ
϶ǣ˲ϣ̫ˣǹ𣿡һ˫˵
֪飬϶ôɵģҲڵЩǲ֯ѹƣ뽫ˮ룬ȻΪһЩĿġҶС˵
ڴУµʱСϣҶСһп̻·һִεĹâû档
һâĴҶСͣһǲúˣӣҪȫúãҪһµʱ䣬ˣȥǼ°ɣ
˵꣬һ߳ʧˣããϿա
ҶСתȵ֮Ϊ˱ڵĺҶСڡ
㹻ʮֵʱ䣬ҶС˫Ŀ˫Ŀ䣬ˮɫĹâתǰĿռҶ
ûпҶСʲôֱӾʧˣ·˺˿ռ䣬ͨռӣֱӳһˡ
ڣ˶ע磬ǵ˵ͻȻ䣬ռ΢΢ҶСͳ˿С
ʱޱȵΰ·Ρĸɽ٣޷
˲䣬ҶСͱΪһͨˣûһ˿ҶСһɢؼ䣬һҲҶСջˡ
һˡҶСЦЦ˿ˡ
ߣһΪ׼һֱأĽѩҶСһ˵Ȼãȴ˼
ҶС˲ĽѩߣĽѩ˻УͷȥĽѩֻԵһ£Ȼ
ҶС˲ܿŮӣŮЦЦһ˵촽ŷֿĽѩϲ˺Ρ
벻룿ҶС翴ĽѩЦЦʵ
ĽѩֻǽİҶСһۣû˵ȴ롣
Ϊȷʵ˺ܶ࣬ҶֲŻͨˡŽɫâ˵
ǺǣҲһˣֹԽԽǼ򵥣ߵĲһһﵽյ㡣ҶСǫ˵
´꣬ٲǡҶС绵һЦ˵
ȻһһλŮӣͬٴΣΪǵһαҶСô֣صӵϵĺһֱӵ˰
ҲҶС罫ĿͶ̣Ȼչ˫˹ȥ
Ϊ̻㣬û뵽̸û㣬һӱ˻У̵Ľޱȣ޻ɵһ㣬ܹĸܵ˶΢΢ļӿ졣
߰ɣҶСɿ̣˵һ䣬˾ʧˣ롣


1289 ѪӰ
Ȫһٶ⣬ɽ羰ط֣һ߰߰˸ׯׯׯ֮Ľͨˮɵƽ·һٹ·Ա߾
һѩׯããѩжֲˣ˼ΪôЩׯоȻһ˿Ĵ̣ʵ̫ˡ
һׯУͻأֳӰҶСǣ뿪۪ˮǺָ£ҶС˱
丽ĸ䣬ͬһ˶ûС˵
ҶС˫Ŀ磬ų˵ȷʵһӰûУΧУҲûһӰ
ͻȻ˫ĿеĹâˣεĹâŷҶСͻȻһץһ˿˿ɫѪɫ˷ӿȫҶСģһ䣬ҶСоͳ˺ںɫ
ȻЩ֮˸ͿźںɫĹҶСɫóޱȡ
ôˣʲôɻĿҶСʵ
Ծ֪ˡҶС˵һ䣬һ˿ںɫڡ
ʱɢһɱѪ֮Ľ΢΢ţ˿ںɫëбųָ
ղʲô̫ˡһ˿־֮ɫ˵
ɢһֱѪȵϢҽԲڵЩϢռһд鷳ˣɢϢľѪӰĸ֣ϢˣȻ־ǿҲϢǸûռϢ⡣ҶСɫص˵
˵ѪӰѾ磿ʵ
붼ǣӿĻǼ彵ӲԶˡҶС΢΢һ̾Ҳ֪ѪӰ˽˶ûУ˶л鷳Ϊ͵Ļ˵Ϊߵģ»޴Ŀֻš
ҶСĻϺжޱȣΪЩ޹֮˵
һ˽٣Ϳ̿
ϸȥûʲôҶС˵һâųһ˲ʧһ߷С
ڻ¯ѾϨˣк䣬ϵıûе·ȴˣҶСߵ¯˿¯¯мɫûȫȼյĿ״ú̿ЩƶϳЩ˶ʧٵġ
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫Ŀйâ棬ѩһӡҲûУϸĻܹѩ΢΢һ˿˿ϸĻͷֲˣܶסԺж
ȻѪӰˣҺã˹ƶµģֻе쾳̤ѩ޺ʵԺڻмĽӡЩܹҶС¶һ˿˷ܣЩӡ˵ܹҵЩѪӰ䡣
ӡܣ˿˿ûз֡ɻĿҶС˵
ǵĹ۲ûе΢ľ磬ʥԺǾͻᷢ֡ҶС˵
ߡҶС˵һ䣬ȻŮ˳ȥ̤հЩӡǰɱȥ
ͻȻ䣬ЩӡȻʧˣҶСһɻ󣬲֪ǳʲô顣
ôˣҶСվղǰˣɻʵ
ӡʧˣûв´ĻһǶԷЩڵľѪǲȻ˵죬ʹûе죬ҪҵǶˣǿǰһٹ·һ˹·ǸѾѰң̫ˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ô죿ʵΪҶСΪ֣֪ѾҶС統Ķ
ҶСûлش𣬳ĬɢԲﶼ֮¡
ףôﻹ·ҶС羪ȵ˵ʮ⣬һɽУܶ޽·ɽлѵ
ʲôֵģǶ붼Ϊ˸Ͻȡ˵
ŶĴҶС˵һ䣬Ȼжȥͬʱ鿴һ·ʲô
ԣǸͲ·ģǶ⸽ĴЩУһ˾Ǹղȥһ˼ҵˣƬԲġǰеҶСͻȻͣ˵Ȼʧˡ
ɽУܶ๤޽һ·ǿæµ
ҶСŮУӸµĿһС
ȷʵе㲻ԾЩˣüͷ˵
е㲻ԾǺܲԾѵûЩ˾Ȼûһ˵δҲ̫˰ɣҶС˫Ŀų
һΪǺмɡе㲻˼˵
ʱҶСϵƱųֲޱȣ·־һ㣬һƬضַΧС
顭ЩҶСȫ˵ϣһ˫Ŀͨ죬·Ұһͺš
ѪӰˣû뵽ǾȻǵ硣ҶСƴƬռ
ಡӰɽзɳŲɽϵľ˫ĿѪɫâųĿҶС硣
Ѫ̺ÿֲʳһζһͷ촽˵ǽҶСȫ


1290 ·Ŀģ
ߡҶСһͬ췢ŭһ㣬ؼƱãϣܶ϶ѳѷ죬Ϣʧ˷·类ػһ㣬Ѫɫ¶˾ֵ֮ɫ
ʥ֣ΪжߣǶˣһ˷ĺееıŷŷ֮ɫܵӰ죬Ҳָǲ˷ܡѪȱ
ۡ˫лĹ켣ҶСܹϸ޴һȥ
ಡѪӰӵ˵ڷɳڣϵϢһ䣬ϵϢʹء
ϵȫѪʧֻʣһƤͷľһ㡣
Щ綼ˣȫǱѪӰ˿ˡ
˫ֻڲϵػЩʬ໥ںһûöʱ䣬һĹǼܣһǼܾӨ͸·ˮһ㣬̺ȵ
ȥɱһ˴һѪɫâһõ˫ĿУ˫Ѫɫâ·ĳһ㣬ȫ졣
ͻȻ䣬һԾվеҶСȥ׹ұۻΪһѵУݺݵ˹ؼһپ£ҶС繥
ǹƣ·ҪҶСſϰݡ
ҶС˫Ŀˮɫâ־һƣݺݵȥƬռ·ȥؼŰȫҶСһС
䣡
ǾֱӱҶСˣո޽õģƽ·ϳһ޴ӡ
㡭㲻ͨʥ֣һ𾪵ĿҶС˵
ϻࡣҶС˵һץһƬռж·һ㣬һҲܶг˾־Ǿ֡
һӰһӾͱҶСץ˹ȥ֮ҶСдһˮɫĹâֱûӰڡ
ҶС˫Ŀų˵һѪɫӰͱҶС˳ǾʬʱΪ˸ʬȥ
ɱңѪӰֲŹǵġԼӰѾҶС˳һѪӰĺ
˶ٸ֣ҶСʵ
Щͼ֪࣬úͻή٣ʱǶѪʳ
ߣ˵˵ҶСһӴ󣬱۵ץеѪӰСһȦ
Ҳ֪һѪӰҽһ˵
˵˵ҶСӴһѪӰСһ롣
Ĳ֪
ҶСĿâų̽һѪӰС
ءһѪӰͻȻը˿ֲӣһͬˮĹĻҶС粼ǰ赲סֲ
鿴ʲôûУʵ
ûУǴж˽Щ䶼һƬհףǵļж˲ֶΣһֱ֣ӻǱըʣµ˿϶ҲֶͬΣǵòκõϢҶСε˵
ͽǣսսܹӾҶС˵ֽ˶ѪӰظֵĽ
˶˵ͷһԾ£ͬʱ˹ȥЩѪӰҪͬһײʵԭǵǽ΢֮״̬һĹ˺ǡ
ࡢϺѪӰսʱ䣬ҶСӰһ뵽ɽڡ
ʱɽѾڿˣ˴ʯͷΧĲѲ³ղЩڴĥЩʯͷ·Ҫóĳֶ
Ѿĥõʯͷϣ·лѪɫڻ
ҶС֪ЩʯͷϿ̻·ֻһ֣ҵʯͷһλۻһ·ͻᵮЩ·ãҶС²
ҶСһѪӰĽйϵ
Ĵ˿ûзκζЩʯͷȫҶС뿪ɽڣʱǺѪӰֵսѾӽβˡ
ûһɫâĳݺݵնȥһѪӰʱն룬һӿŰ˿նѪӰ˺ѳ֣Ȼɢ˿С
һƴ·ͬռ䶼ܹ䶳һѪӰһı
űѿѪӰҲɢ˿С
ѪӰսĸʲôҶС翴ʵ
ΪѲͬһײ㣬ҪնɱǺѣ˵ͬԼܹϣʹѪӣܹǵĹΪǿ󡣡ص˵
ⲻֻѪӰ֣Ҳ֪˶ˣҾǵĿǲһ޴󷨣磬ѪӰֽ磬ȻҸ˵Ĳ²⣬һɽڶѻ˴ʯͷʯͷϿ̳·ҶС˵
Ȼ飬ǵĿĺܲ򵥡˵
ҪϽҵǵټȻնɱҪȻɾѪǵΪƵʱնɱǻѡҶС˵


1291 Σ붼
־ǿʵѵһѪҺʵ࿴ҶСʵ
Ӧòǣ϶ܵĳƣҪȻʵ綼ҡҶСҡҡͷ˵ȥطܹܲҵõ
Ů˵ͷʱ䣬ҶС罫ϵһ鿴ˣ;л˼֯Ա
ʱ䣬ǽնɱʮѪӰĸ֣Щ̵ѪӰ嶼һеڴĥʯͷепǵжҶСͷԣ֪Ҫʲô
ܽϵش鿴һ飬ҶСҲұ֤ȫˣеѪӰֺܻأǶԼϢѾľ磬ԷȺУ׺쳾֮ڣֿ
Ѱ죬˶еƣΪҪϵطһепԡ
ҹûһǳԵޱȣȪеƹѤԻͣҶСŮ۪ˮǻɱȥ
ȫضѾķ֯´ѰǰҶСܹȫ
űȥҶС磬ףӣ˫Ŀ磬Ů˲ʧա
ȪһСУСڵϷһʮ޵Ůӡ
ʮ־ȵŮûһ˿ľֺͺ£˫ĿУѪɫâ·һֻڶԼ
Ȼ䣬ŮӵͻȻɱĽƤͷͷ·һŮתۼΪһ
С쾪ֵĽһתܣ˱ŵֱ˵ϣǿ־֮ɫ
һѪɫâøɱ˵зɳžСȥ
ʱһƴһѪɫâһ٣ΪһѪɫӰӰޱȣղܵСܲסǾ޴ѹ˵ϡ
һ̼䣬ҶСŮͳ˴˴һץһѪɫӰͱץγһѪɫ塣
̡·ǻͷҽдѪɫзëȻһѪɫΪ˾Ө͸ˮöˮֻƹСȴ̺Ӵ
ҶСһӣˮǾ߸ʬüĽ룬ɲǼ䣬߸ʬͻָԭӡ
ѪӰ֮뵽ûжã໹ǴԶŻԣǹѪӰ֮ڵľָٻ¡ɻӣҶС͵
ˡˡҶСĻиո˵꣬һ΢һв
Ժ£ȥɣ󣬽ͻؼҡҶС˫ĿйâߵС˵
ɣһˡСϽ˵һֵӡ
ҶСһû˵ʲôʧԭء
ҶСʧСʱˣڵϴڴڵĴ֮ɫ
ҶС뿪Сվգչ鿴ûѪӰ֮˽붼У鿴˼飬ҶСûз֡
ԽԽˣѪӰ֮Ѿ˶Увũ壬˿̫ˣԷרŶصĻҳǶԷ¶һ˿ϢҶСɫص˵
ǻᱨ棬涨¡˵
飬еӦжǣ˸Ͳ֣鷢˾Ǽ岻Զĵطר뿴֯ЦһĨ˵
⼸鷳ˣллİոͻƣ϶Ҫܶණɣȥ鿴н˵㡣࿴ҶС磬ɫӵ˵
˵лǶѡҶСЦЦ˵
΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵˵ض߾ͿҪƳˣ㲻Ҫż˵˻һ룬ͻһ롣
°㲻˵Ҷˣƺˣ͹ллҶС絭һЦ˵
ټ˵ͷ˵һ䣬ȻϾ뿪ˡ
ſеŨ֮ҶС΢΢һ̾ĸܵ˿Ŀ־塢ĵȵϢ
ܹ˵Ӵ²̫ƽˣѪӰǶҵǰס
صԼķҶСɢŮгһĨΣʱûкú鼸Ů
ˣɣȡܹʱȫҶСֱʧ¥Ȼ˫Ŀһһ
ʱһߵ˾ܹΪˣʱǵΪܹԱൣġ
ѪӰһٶҶСܸоǱģ·кͨڣʳǾѪֻһӣĿĵĻǾǴͨͨ
ǣͳˣΪβ͵͵ȥͨ˷ѽˡ
ô˵ѪӰ϶ıģֻĿǰ̫ˣ޷֪


1292 
ҶСԼķ񹦣󷨵ʱѾףѪӰԽԽڶ޼ɵʳǵѪҺлкܶϮ
ܹ֯ɳ˴֣նɱһѪӰ֣ȻʲôֻڶУѪӰָһƵĸо
̶һ֮ڣȫмʮƽ⵽˲ɱҲǴһʱ䣬Ļ̻̣ܶΨ²ҵ˷׷׳£Ǹеķʶʮ
ܶطҲѪӰֵټѪӰԶԶûлĶࡣ
ѪӰΪ˻ĵţʱ򣬰˴壬ػһŷ壬׷ɳԼӵնɱѪӰ֡
ЩˣΪѪӰ֮˶еԱ⵽˲пɱҽΪƳá
һҶС綼֪ҲûҶС磬ȽϺܶط飬һҶСҲ˶á
ĳ֣ûȻѪӰ֮ϢģǸӵ޼ɵ
ѪӰ֣һΣЩѪӰ֮˽ƻޱȣʳ˵ľѪ󣬾ǱͨһģһԷ֡
֮ƽ˼ʮ꣬Ҫˣ⻹ǿʼ
ʮգҶС˫Ŀ˫Ŀâת⣬·еǳ
ʮյʱɣоԽԽ򣬲ɣҲҶСܴʱС
ʱ䣬񹦵ﵽһľ磬ֻҪַΧڣܹɱˣɱΣȻǶΪһЩ˵
˵ʮյõ˺ܶĺô
ҶС˿УʱУֻŷǧһڣ˶ŬңǶоʱĽԣΪҪԣ˶ڼӽʱ
УŷǧרעŵԣϷʲôҶС˹ȥŷǧߣסС
һʱǲַʲô飿ҶСʵոϣ͸оƮɢ֮֮ǰŨˣǾ֮˺ܶࡣ
ˣŷǧ¶һĨ΢ϲ
ûУĻô죬гֵĶܶ඼ûҪȫ򣬿¶һļ䣬˵ȱľʱ䡣ҶС΢΢һ̾˵˵˵һʱ䶼ʲô飿
ҶСʻŷǧɫһ˿أѪӰѾԽԽ鷳ǽȫѪʳҹƣƽڶʮϣߣûа취ͳƣ˶ˣ˵֣ɳؾصĸ֣ѪӰķֻһصĸ˻ȥһ˺䶯ɳȥжʥʥ򡣡
û뵽س̶ѾֵزҶСüͷ˵
ղħв֪˭һϢѪӰЩ˽ĳһط׼ͨѪӰǸͨҲ֪Ǽ٣ŷǧ˵
Ǽ٣ҪȥһҶС˵ˣǸħʲô
ɸɳ˸ֳˣϴһվ˭ѪӰκϢҪϣȻҪϢҪ֤½󣬲ܹõ
ӣǾͲ±ѪӰĸˣҶСʵ
ôףҪϢǿ϶˷Ϊһնɱ˸ѪӰ֣ܹǼܶ࣬οҲɵӣײϵġŷǧ͵
ֻѣҪʲôǶѪӰı
ܰɣȻôأǾͲһˣܹõϿɣôԺĴʱһӦĻ϶ῼǶԷӰȻʵŷǧ˵
ͷˣ泤ԶһŬҪͽҵıǧˡҶСǺһЦ˫ŷǧ·С
ȲҪôѵӹŷǧʵϸֳһ˿Σˮ
û£Ѿȥˣ԰Ը񣬿϶ô뿪ģϾѾ˼ʮˣοдˣһʱ䣬Ұȫӵһطȥģ費µģֻҪʥ־û£ѪӰ뵽ʥ϶ô򵥣ɵĻѾʥˡҶС˵һ䣬ȻҧסŷǧĶ
šûа취ʱˣ㻹ЩҷȥŷǧİҶСһۣһޡ
üڼҲûУǻħ𣿾ǲУЩϼһҶСٺһЦȻŷǧ¥
еŮĳ˫Ŀ϶ֳһ˿΢졣
ޣĴܲոϣ͸ɻ£ߣԺܹô㡣ĽѩȻ˫Ŀʶ
ţдŵʱ˺ڷչ˺ܶʱ䡭ǺǣԺ߳ϡ


1293 
ҹĻī·һֻſѪڣҪ¾ڿС
ǿϢӿУʶܼ֯ȫ֡
һǸƽҹûսоɢһɱ֮ѩѾͣˣȻô䣬ֵСԵˣͻȥˣЩĵ̶ŷţСһʮӣХ˻
ʱ¼ֵϺ˶˼٣ĳ˺ܶ࣬һįӡ
һǰڵмֱһӡУҶСߵŷǧ˵е㵭˸УϾд꣬񣬿һӣжед
Ժ󻹲֪жҡŷǧ˵ûвʲô
ûСɢϢ̫ˣԷֱ棬ҶСε˵
ף˸ˣû뵽ǾȻǰȻѾͻˣô졣ҶС˫ĿԶ·ܹռһ㡣
˭ŷǧɻ˵
ˣǹȥһۡҶСЦЦ˵ŷǧʧա
ĵضΣһв¥еСУСҶѰ֣ǱһȲ裬һ͸͸һС
û˼ôãëûҵһһƭ֣רŽȻȥطʲôȻ֣ͨǱ˵
ҶѰԸ䵭ԹеĻҲȽ٣֣ǱĻ˾ûһ㣬ԹźȲ裬Ҳ֪Щʲô
һǲˬ֣ǱƵ˵ȻĻܶ࣬ͬľͷһˣ˵˵ž;û˼ˡ
Ǻǣ㶼ûбһ֮ҶСŷǧͳСС
ͻȻֵҶС磬˫Ŀһ·ҪҶС翴͸ǣôҶС綼һͨˡ
С磬ˣҵľǰˡ֣Ǳһվ𣬾׼ҶСܱ
ûǸãҪĶȥҶС̧װȹȥ֣ǱŲһȻ˹ȥԼλϡ
Ҳű֣Ǳ¶һ˿ҸЦ˵
ҶСĿһ֣Ǳû뵽콫椹ϵˣȻҲı顣
ϲΪͻˡҶСŶ˵
ΪԽԽ͸ˣҵΪͻƾͲͻơ˵ʱһսⶼûУܲԸʵҲ⣬ǰ˵ʵʱս磬дһҶСΪͿ͸ҪҶСսĻǾͲдˣǽбŰ
ҶС絭һЦû˵ʲô
С磬˵ǰһʱǴնɱ˺ܶ¼ҵӵܣǴİ綼ǳ¼Ҳ˳ˣѵǣûǸʵ֣ǱǸ֮ɫ˵漴һΡ
ԺǸʵˣѾͻƵ˰ʥڳɹһ㣬Ȼնɱ˳¼ҵˣܷ⣬˭֪᲻һϼһԸҡҶСЦЦ˵
ģֻҪ㲻̫ݣЩϹŶͲֶԸ㣬ʥ죬Щ˿ܻ֣ҪСĵ㣬Կ϶ǣʥ֮ϸûдﵽ͵ĵʱǲֵģοˣҲǳɵ֣Ǳ˵
ҶСɻĿ֣Ǳ
ʥ֮ϵĸֶһЩϹŶǶ֪˶꣬Ŀǰܹ֣˵ǻˣҾͲ֪ˣЩ͵ġ֣Ǳ򲻺˼ЦЦ˵
ҲԿ϶ֻҪǴЩĵߣǲֵģҪֵĶһЩ΢һĸ֣л϶һΣЩϹŶ֮Գ֣ΪеĿʯ˭֪ȴʯ˹ңеȻܷŭˣȻѾˣΪǵļĨȥһµĵҲӦõġ˵
ҶС˼֣мɻ󣬡ʯôҪ
ΪΪʥڣҪռ֮ʯ̺а۵Ŀռ֮кôġн͵
ԭˣлǸЩҶСͶмĿ⡣
ܻ˵ģǣҶСҲ֪Լܹ̫ˣ̫̫֡ţܻЩ˿㲻ˬ
ڵʵѾˣȥЩϹŶ⣬ѾڶˮƽˣϲþκˣЩΪ˵ЩʷǷˣǷȱֻһʱ䡣
лǶѡƽ˵
ҶС΢΢һ㶣û뵽Ҳܹ˵Ļ漴ЦЦ˵Ƕѡ
ûзʲôҶСʵ
кҶѰҡҡͷ
ûУѪӰĸֶûп˵ˣûмһѪӰˣ񻹲֪ǳʲôӡ֣ǱƵ˵һϵ˵ĸоС磬˵᲻ǵĵɽ֮ƣ
Ӧòɣĵط̫ˣ϶ע⡣ҶС˵
䣡
ʱͻȻ䣬һж𣬷·Ƿ˵һ㣬ϵĲ豭ѵ춯ҲϷһɷֱ


1294 Ƽ
ã³ǱȫѪӰ֣ߡҶС˫Ŀбųâһӣâȫסһ˲ʧ䡣
³Ѫɫâ죬·һѪԾ֮ϵҶ£Ѫ֮ƺƵӣ·һƬѾݣѪӰĵ̣𵴣³Ǳ߾£ܻûдﵽ³Ȼܹܵõһɿֲ
ಡӰ³ɱǶǻĸĸ֣һЩɢޡ
³Ͽգһ΢΢·Ǳ˺˿ҶСһ˾Ѿ֡
Ϊﵽʲô磿һ𾪵ĿҶСʵ
ʥһءҶС絭һЦչ¶һ˿Ϣ˵
ӵأ㻹ʥһء֣ǱҶСһۣȻ¿ȥ¶һ˿֮ɫףﲻǰסĵط𣿡
ţǣҲǷѪɷʯĵط֪ѪɷʯѪӰ֮ûйϵѪɷʯ̺һɵѪӰֲеϢҶС翴˵
³ߣȻһƬߣѩ˻ĵأһӰҲûУȴһƬطӿ·ʲôڵסһռ䡣
ҶС˫Ŀйâųڰҹ˵ҫۣɫ·ʯڵƹɫһ㣬Ųӡ
â̳ʱǰ·Ŀռ΢΢һӶ赲סҶС˫Ŀбųâ
󷨣ѵѪӰﲼ󷨣ҶСɻ˵
ɣһΪⲻƭ֣֡Ǳ˵
ʱֶܶѽҶС翴˿ٶ֣ʥ־жʮʥʮˣΪͶأЩУ۷ĺ٣Ƕͻȥˡ
ôҶС粻һⲻǸɳ˶ѣܹĵжô
ʱΧһԲΣ·ʲô赲ס˵ǰ
ǱмˣǹȥҶС˵һȻ¡
ҲˣһΪ㲻أҶС˵
ôܹأô顣ҶС絭һЦ˵
ôཫĿͶҶСһʵ
֪ǵڴʲô⣬ȷʵУ̫ˣʱڣͿסҶСε˵
ŷǧüͷ˼ţ֪Щʲô
ʱͻȻ䣬ΧƵԲοռ䣬һѪɫĻ·һѪɫƬεĿס˲浽ʲô
ѪɫӰѪɫĻƮڹĻϿգ·һӰһ㣬ЩѪӰҲܶ಻һٶΪߵֻ۷塣
öѪʳѪҺǻζ
¸¸¡
֨֨֨
һĹЦмصƬռ䣬Ƭռ·ǳһƬ⡣
ɱɱЩѪӰˡ
ϽնɱƬѪɫĻ˵ǲõ󷨣һͨҪ֮ܵ֡
ɱɱǣΪЩ޹˱𡣡
ѪӰֳ֣ΧһǿĹЩѪӰնɱȥ
ɫĹâŷޱȣ³ֲӣϺĻѩȫӿ𣬶ȼǸС½һĽڿֲɢ£Ȼǿ˽ΪȽവڵء
ѪӰȣֵĹУʱǸֲע⣬ΪһѪɫâڣʳǵѪҺͷеľȡˣһ߾ôΪһѳ
ȻҲкܶѪӰֱǿնɱǵ·óģھǿĹУǵ廹ǻΪƬɢڿС
սڼ쳣ض𶯣𣬷·һЩ˿ʼѪɫĻѪɫĻʵķ·ڹǣʹƣǿϣЩ·Ǳһ㡣
սʼʱҶСѾ˸߿գڸ߿иһС
䣬ܸоһкܲԾΪߵһָоɣ
ǲȥ𣿡࿴ҶСʵ
룬ҶСüʹսʲôΣյԼʵܹǣ˵ȥɣСһ㡣
ҶСĻࡢϡ֣ǱǶӸ߿Խ£ѰǿѪӰս߿ֻʣҶС硢ŷǧͶˡ
ϵ˵ںѪӰսо飬һ䣬նɱѪӰ֡
·쳣սҶСüͷ˵֪ô£һֺܲĸо
Ҳָоŷǧ˵
᲻ѪӰĸָǲһڴ׼նɱոߵľѪĬ˺ܾõĶ˵Լе뷨
Ҳԣģ˵Էеûг󷨣Ҳǻ֣ҪȻڵʵѪӰָͲǻߵĶ֡ŷǧüĿһ˿ģҶС֮ԴŷǧҲΪܹһЩг˿ҳõĶ


1295 ѪӰĿ
һתŷǧ˵ܾǵĿĲ뽫һ򾡣ȻʳǵľѪһǱĿģҪȻ綼һռסǳȥڣǻɵģ߾ߣûѪӰĸ
ŷǧĻҶСüͷȫɢ鿴һƬеı仯ͻȻ䣬˫Ŀֻӷ·Ǿ֮ϵǳܹ͸еһС
ԣؼȫѪɫĻȥսʱĹҲһܴһֶѪɫĻˣ֪ѪɫĻʲôڡҶСضѪɫĻ˵
᲻ѪӰ׼һֲаЩ͹ȫһаˣŷǧü˵ʵ̫ˣиͷʲô
ҶСû˵ͻȻ䣬һץһѪӰصĸ־ͱҶСץС
˵ѪӰ嵽ʲôĿģҶС˫Ŀ絶ʵ
ҪˣܿͻΪǵѪʳٺٺ١ظ˵õ徹Ȼ·Ҫըˡ
ҶСйâųһâѪӰְס˲ͱҶСһ壬һѰŶԷļ䡣
ѷ졭롭رա۷ֱҶС۵Ѫֻж϶ļ䣬ļ·ǱĳĨɱһ㡣
̡һðѪͱΪ˾Ө壬̺ʹҶСһӣɴȫ뵽ŷǧС
ҶС˵漴˼
ٴץ˼۷ѪӰ֣ȡǵļ䣬Щ۷ĸ⣬ȫǶ϶ģֻмֶѣҺãЩֲͬġ
ѷ죬룬رգ򿪣ͨҶС罫ǼѪӰõȫգŷǧǹôͳܲˡ
ȻǼ۷̺ҶС˵һ˿˿ѣܱЩɢڿУȻѪɫպá
֪ܲѪӰʲôıǣҶСоܹôȥеĲԽԽǿˡ
ҶСϸ˼Щؼʻ㣬ͼзʲôǣԽԽԺѧϵĶǾû⣬˼͵Ķ̫ͷˡ
ɵãҶС罫ĿͶŷǧĵˣǰɣԺ˶һʱ乮̡
ҶСһâų뵽ŷǧڣΪŷǧǹɰ羫
ʮʱ䣬ҶСеĹâʧˣѾΪŷǧǹ
ǴʱоΪԲΪŷǧǹ
ڰϾҲԼģǹƿĲԼǱḶ̰́ͼðĻȻߡ
ҿҪͻˡŷǧ˫ĿõĹâ˫Ŀת
ҪͻƣȽΪһʱաҶС˵
šŷǧ˵ͷ
ղҲ鿴˼ѪӰظֵļ䣬ǵļ϶ģֻи֡ҶС翴ŷǧ˵ЩؼҲ˵ŷǧ
ؼΪ̵ļ䣬ЩﻹڼУ˵Щؼɵ飬Ҫޱȡŷǧ˵漴˼Щؼ֡
ѷ죬룬رգ򿪣ͨ򿪣ѷ죬롢ͨرա򿪡ŷǧǻ۵ĹâͻȻ䣬бĹâɫĿҶСС磬ϽֹսѪӰĿǽŵ͹ͨ
ҶС統һס֡
һ·Ƭռйɢлſµ־·ҶСĻ⣬ͬһɿֲƴϱŷһ֡
һʱ䣬ǻĵ߻ѪӰֶֹͣ˴򶷣ǸоϷ·ѹһɽܶΪ΢ߺѪӰһЩֻһҲܶ
ҶС磬ѵͽЩѪӰԸǣʱһʥʵһվĴϣҶСһñӡ
ҪȻΪλֹǵĶ֣ǲǿѪӰֿҪնɱˣˣһʥһصĸ֣˵
϶ӵģղŸû˿նɱѪӰˡ
ͽɱնɱҶС硣
նɱͽҶС硣
ʥֻ߶һɱ⣬ŭĶҶС硣
սʱ˭Ϊʹͽʱֵնɱ˷֮ʱҶСͻȻ亰һס֣ʥֵ£ΪΪҶС϶ǸͽѪӰ˹һҪȻôẰס֣ô᲻ѪӰЩɱ


1296 һѷ
ߣҪնɱԼˣҶС¶һĨ࣬ʱ򣬻ڶǿɱ
ҶС磬㹴ѪӰˣ࣬ǽȫַ㡣һʼ͸ҶСһñӵʥֿҶСЦһ˵
ַҶС磬նɱҶС硣ܶ಻߶źһǻѪڷڣ·ʲôΰһ㡣
ˣһȺ֪ˣѪӰͨ󷨴ͨͨһȺҶСˣ˵ƴޱȣܶ߶һѪȫǾ֮ɫҶСʵǿ
ҶСһ仰ǿĺ䶯ѪӰ徹Ȼǣôأܶǲŵӡ
ҪĻڽƱ磬ҪǷŹѪӰ֡ʥĸ˵ȻҲЩףҲҶС˵Ͳᷢ
ĸģ¼ҵģżҵģϹģҶС綢ʥʵ
ʲôʸ֪ʥ
ѾˣѾ㹻ˣļ嶼ܵ˵ҶС΢΢һ̾˵Ȼ˫Ŀâų·һ㣬֡
ҶСϬĿУʥĸ·ܵһ˿ˡ
С磬Ѿ𣿡ŷǧĵʵ
ţѾˣѪɫĻڲһɿֲѾʼոˣ˭Ҳ޷赲ҶС綢ѪɫĻ˵
ô£ѪɫĻˡѵҶСղ˵ġ
ôһթѪӰ塣
һоǷŭ֮ɫĶЩʣѪӰ֡
һĻҶС΢΢һ̾һȺäĿˣг׵ʧˣŲǺٺٵһߣǣҲӳ˺ܶ⣬һЩֵĻ໹Žף˽̫ء
лд˵ģϧˣٺٺ٣ڼһѻ𡣡һصѪӰַĴЦ
ءʵѪɫӰͣȻը˿ȵӣһЩֱӱǹˣһЩҲը˿
ءѪӰֵıը·ӦеѪӰֶըˣֲ𣬷·ǻһ㣬ܶһըһЩˡ
ʣ߶ܹоƴӿѪɫĻǶסˣòҪ
ؼ·ܵĪһ㣬ȫӿ˹ѪɫĻϿգγ©ε籩
ҶС˺˰ףһصĿһĻ
С磬ûа취ˣŷǧʵ
ҶСҡҡͷ˵ûУǹѵʲôסһֹϺƴھڴͨҪĴ򿪡
ôףͨ򿪣ϹŶסˡе˵
¡¡һƴӵص״زռңһ̼䣬ֻҪûȫ඼˴ӵ´Ų֮еĴ½鶼·½Ҫˡ
ô£ˣ
Ͻܣˡ
طе˶æȥǶΪˡ
ǻģңЩΪϹŶһأһ˿ɻĲ⡣
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ˣˡΪߺһͬʱԶѪɫĻ
е˶ܹܵѪɫĻĿֲϢ·һֻ޾Ҫ˹һ㡣
䣡
ûκףһص𣬷·ǴѪɫĻ˺ѣֲӣǳѪȵһƴѪӴӸղѪɫĻֵĵطֱ
һѪ̺ױȵҶС˫ĿâųѪҺһʵǿѪɫӰǶѪӰĸ֣ЩӰȫǰʥ۷ĸ֣⡣
ҶС粻һ
ѪֻһӣҲѪӸճʱ治Ѫӿ
ڵˣ
ǰĺĴ½
ôѪʳ
еѪдһ̼䣬ѪӱѣѪ꣬˷ӿȥ漴ؼָƽֻһ޴ĶѨ
е˶ѻȸˣһ¡
ͨûд򿪣ղӦǴͨһѷ졣ŷǧǻ۵â˵
ӦǣЩѪӰԺеļǲ󷨣ЩĳЩȻһѷ죬ѷʱ䲻ܳ˲͹رˡҶС˵
ֻһѷ죬ǿд鷳ˣôֽ磬֪Ҫҳʲôӡŷǧ˵


1297 Ϊ
ղѪеѪӰȫǰʥ۷ĴڣǶҪͻˣѪӰԤıܾõһ飬ͲҪˣǵİȫѪӰЩȥԸΪҶСסŷǧ˵
šŷǧ˵ͷҲ֪ԼĵǶģ΢΢һ̾սѾʼˣôľʵ˴ڣ˱

ɱɱ
ͻȻ䣬ܶɢź⣬һֲĹâߵ˹ȥ
ղűĿֲ̺ӴıѪ֮ǶһϢӰ졣
ʥ֮£е˶ˣҳһţâҫȣƬռз
ߵΣҶСзâһƬռŨıѪ֮ȫˣЩ˵߻ָƽ
ѹǶҶСͶмĿ⣬имΣΪղΡ
ղ˵ҶСͽʥظ֣˿Щˣٿ˿ĶѨն׼һ
ߣͻȻ䣬һƬռ֮һ޴İƴݺݵĴͷ¡
䣡
ʥظֻûзӦͬһһ㶤˵ϣֵҶС硣
ۡһѪǾ֮ɫһŵĿҶС磬㡭Ϊôôֲ
ǱǱƵġҶС硢ŷǧͶдվھԶ
ءըѿʥصĸִӵԾ
һɵ֮ɫĶҶСʵҶС磬ʲô˼
Ǻǣʲô˼ղŲ˵ͽڿ˭ͽϹ˰ɣòϹѪӰ֮ʲôϵҶСƽ˵
ܶ߶ΧΧһĻ
ҶС磬㲻ҪѪˣղŵ鲻⡣ʥصĸ¶һĨŭ֮ɫ
⣿Ҳܹ⣿ղһñӿ۵ĺǺã㣬ҸղֹǶ֣ΪѪӰͨͨΪֹңûۼҺѪӰ年ᣬΪô˵ң㵽ʲôͼ㣬ܹôˣΪ㣬ѪӰŴͨͨôѪӰֽǵ磬Ժɵһϵ¼Ϊ㣬˵㲻ʲôϹˣ˵ϹˡҶС綢ʥظ˵
̺һ˿ħԣ·˵깲񣬼е˶˫ĿͨĶ֡
ˣʥصĸ֣¶һƬãͻȻ䣬бų¿־֮ɫҲˣϹҲǣҲǡ
ء˵˵žȻʹһĻ˴ʧ۵֪ô¡
ҶСһڹĺӣһһ죬ԲľҶСĻˡ
ۡͻȻ䣬ʥһѪֹͣ˿Թ֮ɫ
ҶС磬úݣȻľ
ÿ˶ҪΪԼĴ󸶳ۣ˭⣬Ϊҿһñӵʱ򣬽ѾעˣΪһ֮˽ȻǧܿѣעҪҶСޱƽ
ȷʵʥĸеϵֹа취ͨ򿪡
ߣʲôעҪǿȨʵǹûʲô˵ġʥظָͲԼĴִȻܹˣü֪ˣ
Ҫתƻ⣬㷸µĴû˻ԭ£ȽܴҵĳͷɣҶС˵һâͻأų˲͵ʥظֵĵλãڲ۳һӾͱˣһΪѡ
ۡʥصĸٴһѪɫήҲģһҪ˵ӡ
塭

ʱʮΧ˹ʥһصĸָϽסЩȫϹˣȫǵġ
ҶС磬úݡʥؾĸҧ˵Ѫ
ⲻҺģģǧǧͬΪҪܵȺ飬ҲǷϳΪҶС絭˵ȻĿͶϹˣǲصϹܷĻչ뽫ȫϹϣϹҲɣ
ҶСһ仰Ϲܶԥ֪ҶС˵ĶʵղŵһĻҲˣǼλֹҶС磬ȷʵĹ
ǶɢɣҪңһ˳еʥصĸִ˵
ȻҪһ˳еˡҶС˵һ䣬ȻĿͶΧˣ뱨ĻϣϹҲ˵ʲôҪҪˣűʹࡣ
˵꣬תŷǧǸѨȥҲȥ
ࡢϡ֣ǱҶѰ΢΢ҡҡͷҲǸĶѨȥ
һжҵġ
ҶС߳Զľ˵׵ıˣǶϹʥȭߣͣͬϹ˶ᡣ


1298 ͻ
һ޴ӣѪѾʧΧǽȻڵѪɫɢűѪȵϢϢѾ·ħˡ
ҶС˫ĿõĹâų·Ǳų磬ֱӵײ
ӵײƽʲôûˣ붼ǱѪӱŷݻˣ䣬ҶС翴˵Ͽ̻ĳ·ɢķֲһЩѪɷʯ
ѪɷʯҶС·뵽ʲôһ㣬ȫɢ鿴ŵµһֵµѪɷʯȫʧˣֻһЩĩ·Ѫɷʯеȫˡ
ѵǲһȻѪɷʯ˵һѷ죿ҶС
ѪɷʯôγɵģѪɷʯ̺ѪӰڵƣĪǸ籾һ˿˿ķ϶
룬ҶСҲûЩ⣬ЩѾ޼ˣѪӰĸѾ磬ǿɶǰʥ۷Ĵڣʱܹͻƣ˭֪ʲôѡ
߰ɣѾûʲôˡҶС˵Ȼˣǲ뿪𣿡
ҪȥһˣҪԻȥ档ϿҶС˵
С磬ҲҪȥһˣΪǵʵѾˣû뵽ʵǲԶٲߣڶж˵һͳѪӰֵѪʳ׼Ŭʥ֣ǱҶСɬһЦ˵
ҲáҶС˵ͷȷʵˣղŽĿɶǰʥ۷֣ʥǿ߲ܹ赲
Ҳȥһˣ¸߸壬ȻڸѰѪӰ֣ĥԼǶ־˵
ðɣôǾֱһ·עⰲȫҶС翴˵
漴ȫ룬ҶСŷǧص˱
ĿУŮڣ·ǵȴҶСĻع顣
С磬û°ɣҶСŷǧͯĵʵ
û£ڵΪЩϹŶֲܹԸң˼ʹ򲻹ܵҶСЦЦɳϡ
·ʲôˣ̿ʵǺ֮ɫղŴѪӰֽ̫ƴˣе˶쵽Ǹ
£ҶС罫˵һ飬ҶСĻ󣬼ŮˣѾʶˣû뵽Ȼô顣
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ʵ΢ﲻʲôͯ΢΢һ̾˵
ֻҪŬУ飬ǹܣȹһʱ䣬а취ڶʱǵΪܶࡣҶС絭һЦŵ˵
а취òΪ˰οǰɣ˵۾⣬ŮֻΪͣȻܹٵΪˡ
ŮĿͶҶС磬ǿ
Ȼа취ʱǾ֪ǻԼҶС翴˿Ů˵
ߣǱܡĽѩɰ˵
Ϊ˸һϲҶСЦЦȻĿͶ̣ʵϢе㲻ȣǲǿҪͻˣ
ţʱͻƣֻе΢΢ĵġһЦ˵ܲڿҪͻƵʱ򣬾ܹо֮һ޵ߣ·ͷһѵӣָоǳĲˬ
Ǻǣһγ췣ӣԺͻϰߵģͻưɣΪ㻤ҶС翴˵
ãллûоܾôһλΪܹ̤ʵܶࡣ
С磬ҲȥĽѩһڴ˵
ҶСŤͷ˿ŮǶһȤӣ룬˵ðɣҴȥǿҪҵĻ
û⡣Ů˵ͷ
ðɣҴһߡҶС˵һ䣬вùâųȫһ˲ʧˡ
Ů߽ĳͷкôģԺǵηǶǿƵĵֿ
ȪжߺҶСŮվգĿԶ̤ںϵ̡
ʱ˷ƾ£ٶȼ죬һǺѹѹһƬһɿֲѹƬռɢ
һɿµѹ£Ůɫ΢΢ס
콵ĳͷ̫ˡһֹģȻľܿɫ
Ҳûô£ֻҪ־ᶨӦԣܹɹġҶС絭һЦοŮ
䣡
ʱͻȻ䣬ϱŷһɿֲؼ䣬޾ȫӿ
ȫֲӰڿն𣬾ա
֮ϵƲˣ·׼žһ
ʱʧϵϢԽԽǿ󣬿ֲˮ
ԼʮӵʱϵϢȶˣȫ룬Щɢȥ˫ĿʵԵĲùâųһ𣬷·Ǵ˸ϵ


1299 ƽ
ꡭ˫Ŀ˲䣬һ·ˮͰһϸ׵罵¡
һ׵̺ſֲΧպݺݶ·ʲôµһ㣬ֺɢ˲䣬Ƭռеˮܲסǹɾ޴ѹԶڡ
䣡
һ罵ϣ½ףһɫװΪ˷ĩ¶Σѩźһĸ첲ǰȻͦظ޳ԲȣһӾĳ
Ůһʸޣ΢΢Щҵ㷢׹糾Ůĸ˿ģΪ֮ԡ
ÿ𣿡ͻȻ䣬һҶС
ϸ۲̵ҶС粻Ծ˵á
ͻȻ䣬ое㲻ԾϽĿڵÿûǼѩÿ
ղʻľĽѩ
ޣåͻ˵ֻĽѩİҶСһ˵
ꡭʱڶ罵£һ羡ֻи첲ϸ̺ȸղŵĻҪֲ
̵ֱӱ˴󺣣ɸߵˮˮǲϵӿ
췣ôֲ̾Ȼ˺ͯпһ˵
ƽ飬ܶ췣֮¶ɥˣ뵱Ҷ֪׵䵽ٴΡҶС絭һЦ˵
ܶ췣ɥͯ¶һ˿˿η壬ͯŮҲһ˿η
ЩҶС綼ܹĸܵõЦЦ˵ǷģڣǲµģЩ췣ɥ߶붼Ǹι̵ˡ
ҶС⻰Ůһ
̴ӴԾվգΧһĻڵסĽ
ϢϿʱѾһˡ
ꡭһ׵罵䣬һ׵۵˼㣬ֻпһϸ۵׵˸еϢ
һ׵£һѪٴα˴С
ʱͻȻ䣬֮ϻƱãЩع۵ġ
֣ҶСΪ̵ĲѣһֱӦͥڵӤĹȽ⣬ֹܹܹϸ˵޾ΪڵҲ˳Ϊ츳ͬҲΪ
ԶԣھñҪǿĶࡣ
УУ˫ĿպϣһȥҪɢֻһǡ
ҶСعעһ
ӵʱ䣬һɲֹ֮ͣϵĺɢػָƽ
ҶСվվĵȴţһʱ˫ĿĺˮȫըϵƸʤһһԾվգһ㱡ɴһʵ
ϲͻˡҶСЦЦ˵
˵Զˡգһ۾˵ͻȻʲôһ㣬ϲ˺Ρ
ոѧշУϤһʱɣһξҾͲˣԼһ¡ҶС˵
š̵˵ͷ
صУ̱ص䣬뵽״̬ڹԼΪ
ŬҲҪʼˣЩһһǣȻܹз֮£иοУҶС翴ŮٺһЦ˵
֪Щ顣Ľѩ΢΢һҶСһۡ
С磬˭㣿ľܿһЦ˵̧䣬Ȼ£ߵ
ҶС翴˿ŮٺһЦ˵Ƕҡ
аֻҪǸ¡ľܿҶСһǵ
һҹķҶСΪһ˵ĲװŮЭ£㶼ˣҲҿΪĿѾ΢ľ硣
ڶ죬ҶС뿪ˣȥС׼̵ʱڣСϽȫȻٲóʱ󷨡
ڣһ壬һγɵ壬һΪ˺ܶ࣬ܹԿĸ֣ȻΪ̺Ƚ϶ࡣ
˶һ˲鿴磬ϲйѪӰϢ
ֵϽ뵽ЩѪӰַ·ʧһ㣬ûʳ˵ѪҺ·һλðˣĶһƬƽ
ԽˣԽǲƽı϶žıƽǱǰˣʱһжôĲ˭Ҳ֪
һҶС£Ǿϵʥظ֣Ϊһʥصĸ֣峿ֵУϻһӣдţˣȫˡҰɣ
Щ߽˺ܶУ뵱ԼʥصΪʱ˭˸˷ԶǸ߸ϵģһȣһʵµһֻһڴУһƬңⲻӣϹӡ
ϹһÿɣҶС¶һ˿Ц


1300 Ϲ̬
Ϸ򣬱߽紦ɽкХѩ׷ףΪӡ
һϿУɣ뵣дС̨ͤ¥һźɫâеĽϣֲﶼԻΪһشءһţ·ǵ˻ĹȣϹڵء
ϹһνΪۣͨ죬·ɵһ㣬ϣܣɫĻ棬ΧĿռÿʱÿ̶Ťֲ֮
һڣˣɫŻͼϣһϣƳȣ·ΡĸɽһƾӿԹȻӡ
ɫۣ˷·Ϊһ壬лɫâ͸¶żأϹ峤Ϲ졣
֮ڣɫѿޱȡ
λϣôʲôϹ˫Ŀһɨ˵һƽӣһ峤Ӧþеơ
ǼϹȷʵдǣѪӰǲɱģϹ벻ǰ˶ѣĴӦǽϹãһССҶС羹ȻҶ³ͷϹˣ˵ȥôϹ壬ҾӦɳֻɱ
ɱҶСǱģЩߴϹ뵽жҶСָʹģôרŸǹȥʹǸ˳Ҳûʲô˵
ӣɳ̫죬ҺϹԩҿҪɱˡ
ɱҶС磿ҿûôףϹ붼ϳΪҿΪѾʥ۷壬ʥأԶԶĽһ˦ѾЩϼһΪˣҪôɱնɱŷֳЦ
ϹҵģΪѾ˽ɣô˵ѪӰ鶼йϵЩͷӦõģǲӦúҶС˺Ƥ
ǣʱҶսҲˣҪȻ϶ᱻзϡ
һʱ䣬ڣһţһҪնɱҶС磬һñĿǰС
ˣһϹ쵭˵һ䣬Щ˳֣ǲһʮƽ⽻ӣԺʾˣǳʹʲôӣ˳еǸ
Ϲһ仰ڰ
ϹڴûУϹʵ
Ѿ·ˡһ˵
½ѣ˵˵Ϲ⣬Ĵǻĸ˶֪ˣ׷ŹĻ˻˵ϹĸѪӰйϵˣֻϸͷˣҹϹһϵûУһɵģòƵҲƲǲϹ뽫Ǹ˵˶Ϲ岻š
ҶС磬ǿԲȡ׵İ취ǾɳȥҶСд裬ʵĺܸߵĻǾͺƽϵʵһĻظλжˡϹ쵭˵
峤Ӣ೤˵ʲôֻ֪
˭Ըȥ飿Ϲ˵
Ը⡣
Ը⡣
һ϶Ը⵽ֺҶСȥд衣
Ϲ쿴˿ϸ£һѪӰ飬ȻЩ϶뿪ˣֻʣϹ졣
ϹŹâ˵˼Ȼܹ˲ϳһʥظֵΪɳ죬ϧκԸ⿴𡣡
˵꣬ʧˡ
һʱ䣬ѪӰ˶ûг֣ȫǱҶСϲһϺ󣬾뿪˱ȪеĽֵ
ȪеĽֵҲ˺ܶ࣬϶˳ΪѪӰ⣬ǵ಻㣬еƷȫǼˣһйҹƣȻ޼¡
ҴææǣҶСżֹâĵĿֻŻɢһƬҡ
ңҡҶС˫Ŀ·ʲôϹҳһ˿΢Ц˷·˲١
ѽѽʱͻȻһӰСȻܳˣֻССצоȻֻ
Сֻ·һ㣬˷ܵĹâ
⼸죬СһֱķУֻǿŵϵԺ
ҶСùֻһкüδӵ绰ǳĵ绰
лл㡣ҶССëƤ˵
ѽѽСһԵʮֿġ
ҶС粦˳ĺ룬һʱ䣬绰ͨˣȴû˵
桭ҶСһ
ҡö˳͸¶һɵԹ
ҶСεЦЦ˵ʱһֱæûȥѧУǺǣǲǿҪˣ
ţͿԣǴģѧУӵ˽ֵҪԣҪеĿγ̿꣬Ͻ׼һ£μӿԣĿ԰ţһQQȥ
õģлл
л㡭㻹ʲôûУʵһɸӵ
ûС˸˵ܲȫȥʱСĵ㣬ʲôҴ绰
ţҹˡ绰дһ΢΢̾Ȼ͹Ҷ˵绰


1301 ɵĿ
Ѿ˵绰ҶС绰εЦЦഺŮӶккø󣬲øйøУϲ£ϲǽ˽ԷĻϣԻûдﵽ
쿼Ҳãȥῴ飬ʱûп飬ϰһ¡ҶСȻŽȥ
ڿǰ飬ҶСûие˿⣬ǰĻŽˣѪӰŪĻ̻̣Ҳѧ·;ΣգȫеѧУǰˡ
ѪӰ޼ɵʳѪҺ£ѧУѧܵӰ죬ټУ԰ѧ٣ܶ඼Ͼᡣ
ҶСʱȻڵǰһһ˫ðĶĻͷģϻżϷУʳһ֪Ǻü춼ûгˡ
漣ڱһ㿴һдʲôڴϱŵԿӰ
СˡҶС˽ƴһк
С磬㸴ϰûУںһЦʴ
ûУһúøϰһ£ʲôأҶСɻʵ
һЩĳ⣬˵Եʱܹϣʦ˵αϵľռݵİٷ֮ʮԵʱ⡣ںǺһЦȻͷæ̡
٣ˡʱһ˵ȻŤͷҶСЦӭٴᣬף㻹ˣ͵Сټģ㲻͸İɣ
ҶСһĿ⡣
ǣС͸ˣһֱҵĿڴУûпѡҶСЦЦ˵
ɰС˵ͼСë׵İɫëƤСӶСצӣһŭӡ
ˣС磬˵ûУ˵ˣѾɱ˺ܶˣ֪Щ̵ǲݵڷðŹһȤ˵
ɣΣգٳȥʲô͸Ҵ绰ҶС˵
аһΪЩǼٵģʲôӡ˵
㻹ǣˣûˣһǧһ㶼ǵĶ֣֮ԺСĵ㣬ϴȥˡҶС˵һ䣬ȻС˴ϣҳ˼飬ڴϿСĵҶСֻġ
ҶС翴һֱϰ˵㣬ûгԣἸҲûгԷ
Сʱʱ䣬ҶС罫ҪĿγɨһعһ£ཫѧе֪ʶ¼۾ŷɫһ
ôˣǳԷûУߣȥԷҶС翴˵Ȼ˴
ξͲˣÿζͣо˼ģɣ˵
ʲô˼ģǼͬѧѡҶСһļ˵
ٷˣͲҪˣҪȻСҸ㷭װһ˵
ðɣѣСǰˡҶС翪Ц˵
ǾܳԣǮûУԷǮеġˬһЦ˵ͻȻ䣬·뵽ʲôһ㣬ðâС磬ǽҲгɣ
ģٷ롣
Ǿô˵ˡٺһЦȻ󲦳ĵ绰˵ͳԷ顣
ֱ˵ûг⣬̫αˣҪ;룬ǸողųԹ˵˼ֱӹҶˣǸư
Ǻǣ˰ɣҶСЦЦ˵
ûҶ೤Ӵ󣬿ԺͳԷ롣װһĵ˵
áҶС˵ͷ˵
;ӣþԽӴǣȻǸҶСӣҲǺҶСһˣ¥ˡ
㷹ҶС罫һֱ͵ѧУſڲŷ˱ϲȫѪӰֳ֡
صУҶС籧ŵȷһ£йѪӰֵϢʲô鶼ûзһҳҶС㽫ڵϤһ³룬ĿԻڼʵĿԣ̶Ҫǳϸһո񣬶ܴҪȻͻ벻
ڶ죬ĵͯΪҶС׼˿ҪĶҶСЩ߳ţǰųȥСŸ˹ȥ
ǶڷдˣƾҶСô˵СҪҶСȥ֮£ҶСֻô
ݳ͵ϢҶСҵ˿뿼ʱѾҪˣҶСС뿼࿼ʦĿҶСһۣҲû˵ʲô
ʱһζ׼ʮҶС˵ҲûʲôѶȣ
ССͣظιóԵģС֪ǸҶС绰ˣÿһȾ˳ĻУֻаƴССǶǳϲСʮֽƻÿԺöʱ򣬾ȥȥˣԱ͵͵ķҶСߡ
죬ѪӰȻţħȷʵģɨһֲѪӰҳͲݵζ


1302 У԰гѪӰ
һſԽˣҲ˵ѾżˣѧУˡΪ˱ʾһʱ԰ĸҶСٴǳԷ
һٷĵúܿģڷżٵԭɣ֪ܳʱ䶼ڼˣԵú֡
ҶС罫͵ѧУҪ͵¥ǰʱҶСͣס˽Ųߡ
Ƕ߽¥ҶСηȥո߳˼ʹһŲŲҶСϤǳġ
ҶС硭ö
ҶСŤͷɻʵʲô£
ߵҶСǰ¶һĨԥһҧҧ촽һ¶һ˿΢죬΢ɲߡ
С̺һ˿ߣҲҿҶСãҪȻ
ԡҶС˵ͷ
󣬳һɫе΢΢ĽţѧУĻ԰ȥҶСߡ
һǡܹ˲ǰСʯ·ϣҶС羲ǰȥһ仰û˵
һҶС̲סʵ棬ʲô£ֻҪܹģһ㡣
ҶСĻ΢΢һ̾ƺһ˿գһ£ʵ˵кܶŮѣǲģĻ
ġҶС˵ͷȻų˵Ϊ£
Ƕ˴֪Էҧҧٴʵ
ţ֪ǲǾ̫ˣǺǡҶС絭һЦ˵Ȼ˵ΧÿһŮʶĵεΡ
һɵʣŮеĵƤʹ棬ֻȴһڸˡ
Ůӵ飬δ֪ΪνȴԳ¶£ƶ붼óԼĨɱһ˿øС
˵ЩŮӣһܹҺúõȥϧѡһӶ˺ܶ˺ȫһ𡣡ҶС˵
û˵ҶСղ˵棬þóһҶС磬ȻһЦЦһ˿ɬˣллôʱ䣬Ȼȥɣһߡ
˵꣬һǰȥıӰĹµҶС΢΢һ̾Ȼת׼ȥ
ͻȻ䣬һֱ˿ӵĸоͣ½ŲܿȥûзʲôҶС粻üͷ
ʱŰ˵ңѧУ԰طǹϵŮԼĵطڷżٵԭ˺ܶ࣬ѧУľƵùݾǱ˿ûΪѪӰ¼ܵӰ졣
Ӱ׿׿бһ˵ŷֱģֱӼȼյģһ໥ĵģûʲôԵĵطĸоûдղžڰй۲
ã桭ҶС˳滹ǵһˣղΪ˺ŮӵĵεΣܵ˲İοˡ
ǰ˼󣬿˳ӰʱǰţɢŸӵ
棬ɣе㲻ȫҶС߹ȥų˵
潿΢΢һŤͷҶСһۣܵ䣬ҡҡͷ˵û£Ȼȥɣ
ĺΣաҶСٴ˵ࡣ
û£ֻһ˾˵һ˿
ҶСո׼˵ʲôʱͻȻһ˿΢а֮˫Ŀ⣬ɨ䡣
ҶСӣ¶һ˿΢΢ɻ֪ҶСʲô
ʱҶСĿ˻԰һϣֻһŮӵţһӡ
ߡҶС˵һ䣬ϸ֫һŮǰ
Դκģз첨ˣҶС羿ʲôˣôᡭ
һŮ·ûо쵽ҶСͳĵȻӵһ
ԼҰ㾾ҶС綢Ů˵Χ¶ȷ·ǽ˼֡
̲סһɻ󲻽ĿҶС磬֪ҶСʲô˼
·Ǿ쵽䣬ҶСһӿ˹ȥڡ
ҶСһȣȶ΢΢Ļζ
ͻȻ䣬ŮӽݺһƣҶСײ˹Ӱһ㣬ԶӴȥ
ҶСų˹ȥŮ׷ȥûᣬΪѾûбҪˣѾˣȫѪҺˣҪҶСղϸ鿴㱻Ůֶƭȥ
ŮѾѪӰռ壬΢ľˡ
ҶСٶȼ죬ѧУڵĺ׷Ů
û뵽ѧУоȻĸ֡һŮз漴ŮɱΪ˷ĩֻһѪɫӰ
أ㲻ϽѪӰ֣ǰͽġҶС˫Ŀһ˵΢΢ǰЩѪӰ־Ȼڣеϡ
ܹҵΪѪɫӰһ˵Ȼ仯ΪһԶȥ
ǰߣҶСЦһƾһץ·ǰĿռ䱻ץУǵѪɫӰһǣŵ˻ֱӱҶС۳һѪɫ


1303 Ϲ
࣬һѪӰٽ磬ʱǶǵʳſʱҿΪ飬һ·һѪǽթһ˿Ŀ־塣
ߣͷ֧Ʊ˭ῪҶСЦһ˫ĿУâųֱӶȡѪӰֵļ䡣
ѪӰԺеļ䵹ͦȫģûڼʲôֽţѪӰкܲһ㡣
ϵ黹ѪӰִĿģҶС綼˽⡣
ǰһ֮µѪӰ֮˾һռѱ³Ǳ߽硣
³һطĵ±ʹһ˿΢ĿռͨԽ룬Ҫǳռѱ䣬Ҳܹ롣
ЩѪɷʯΪѪӰǸ͸˹γɵĹ塣
ǲ󷨣˵Ĺ󷨣Ѫɷʯڵñǹʹһϸ΢ѷȻûѪӰڶǱֻ˲ʱ䣬ѷͻָˡ
νЩѪӰ׼ĴͨʲôѪӰּûС
࣬ʲôѪڣѪӰֵĺе
ǿļѣѾûˣȥˡҶС˵һ䣬йâ
һѪһΪһɫ
ҶС翴˿˫Ŀâų̽У΢΢һͽ˳С
΢΢ҶС͵һղǸڣһԾһ
ƶǶĵ˵㣬˫ĿҶС粻֪ʲô
ᡣҶС˵һ仰ų˲ʧѧУˮߡ
С硭㵽ʲôˣղʲôҶСų¥ɱȥʱ򣬳ɻʵл֮ɫ
˰ҶС翪һЦ˵ղǸ壬ܹʳ˵ѪҺ⼸Ϣ˵ǣϾҪȥʱ϶ܲȫ
ˣˣ²Ҫκ˵ҡҶС絭һЦ˵
ллС硭мĿҶСһۡ
ǶͬѧҪôϽȥʲôҪ͸Ҵ绰ͨĻʹ룬***ҶС籨һ롣
ţ¥ˣݰݡĿҶСһۣȻ¥ȥܽһ¥Ĵں󣬸ŲſҶСһۣȻת¥
ų¥ҶСɫѪӰ־ȻѧУ¿ɲһ㰡
ѧУطѧУ˿ܴһѪӰֽ뵽ѧУѡ
ĴһҶСűȥ
ص˱ħ˵վȻעһ˺ţһѪӰǱУ԰ϢҲΪħЩע⵽Ҳ鿴һѧУ
㳲֮ѣһҶС绹Ƕģܹһ;һ
ڶ죬ҶСڴŮ似ͻȻоʮֲϢڱƽҶСüͷ
һʮʥֽҶСſڣЩɫۣÿ˶·һŻһ㣬ɢųȵϢΪķԲʮ֮ڵıѩڣֲ֮
ЩվҶСſںûǰߣǵȻܹﲼ󷨣ڲ֪ʲô󷨵£ðȻʵǡ
ȸҶСһֱӴ룬վҶСǰһ󷨵סǵĽŲ
󷨣ҶССȻ󷨣ԺҪԸˡһлɫü˵ɣޱȣ·ѾʷʱΡ
²õ󷨰ɣ֪ӦòŶʮңʥѾˣ󷨵Ļبŵһˣҹ˲õġһƵ˵
ţ붼˲õģ󷨼ⲻҪعк򣬻Ҫͨ͸Ͳܡһ˵
赲ǾͲȥˣɣվ˵ϵϢԨ纣ֲޱȣһ֪ΪĪ⡣
ҶС磬˵Ϊдһӡ֤һΪͬӸ˵
˷ݣǳһֱűӿȥڱ
һȺαļһԽԽαҶСЦһ˵ȻתͷŮҳȥ
С磬ô£ͯǵĵĿҶС˵Ůжǵ֮ɫ
û£ǰϹһʥֶѣû뵽ڲǺǣдΪѵҶѡҶСЦЦ⡣
Сĵ㡣ͯ˵
ģҲµģⲻһѣǺúҶСЦЦȻ˲ʧˡ


1304 Լһº
۪ˮǶű棬ʮӰվ϶ɢſµƣĿռںһ𣬾̧·ܹΧеһУͬһռеߡ
ͻȻ䣬һӰͻأ֣վǰ߳ҶС硣
ҶС磿վ˫ĿĹâųͬʱһɺƴӿҪҶСֱѹ
ҶСͬһΡĸɽƺȣܶԷжôƴȻֱվ
ҾǣϹǰʲô£ֻΪдɣҶСĿƽһ˵
ԣ㲻ҶС磬ҶСϵϢô˫΢΢һУһâҫӶ˻ɫл͸¶һĨ
òˣҾҶС磬ǲΪǼǸͽҶС絭ʵ
΢üͷǲĿҶС磬һзϳϹֶҶСΪͶʥ۷ˣǴʱҶСϵϢȴͲӴϽԼһָͷܽҶСѹ顣
峤ϣҶС磬Ҽµʱһǰһ˵
˵˵ͷмȻԷ϶ԼΪºǺһЦһԡں㴺еĸо
ҶС磬ȷʵдһ£˵һ̤ʥˣϹ붼ܹܣ治һΪǻֶеԺ
еԺҿǰɣӦ˵ǸеΣŶԣлĻǾԻնɱң԰ɣҶСƽ˵
ǶǻˣôأΪδﶼӦñĶξд裬̽̽ѧͬ㿴ôɫ䣬һ˵Դǣ·һΪҶС磬ػ㰡
ԽԽαˣƤҲԽԽˣ˵ҵƤǲ񰡣ҶС
Ǻܲɰͦæģʵûпպд衣ҶСһǸ˵һ˵ļΪϿңȷʵͦæģ󷨡
ҶС磬Ǻòһˣѵûһдʱ䣿ٴʵ
ûСҶС˵
ûвŹأ㶼ʱĥ䣬ȴûʱд裬˵ǻ˭أٴο˵ҶС磬Ĳӣ
仰һݣɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ϿֲɢΧ
ⲻӵ⣬ȷʵûʱ䡣ҶС絭˵
ҶС磬㲻Ҫ֪ôΪһзϳϹ룬жܹд裬ѾǸˣҪǲϹӵĻͱǲʱһ˫Ŀɫâųɫ˵
ôдҪˣðҷ㣬һһСĽȫնɱˣɲҪңȵġҶСĿƽ˵
ҶС̫ˡһŻɫüëעӵҶС˵һķŭ֮ɫ
Ϊ׵ˣǰһǺһЦ˵ҶС磬ǸԸе㱩꣬ϣ㲻Ҫ⣬ûʱ䣬ʲôʱʱ䣿
һ򶼺æʲôʱûʱ䡣ҶСĿһɨʮ˵ʮɫѿʱ򣬻һתҪдĻԣһºȪиۿڼҪȻһʱ䶼ˣҪڶ֣ǡҶС絭˵
ãǾһºȪиۿڼҪдҲںһʱ䣬һǸŵˡΪ׵˵
ȻҴû˵ҶС˵
źûܹд衣¶һ˿ϧ֮ɫȻת˵ߡ
ϣ˾ʧˣ˺޺޵ĵҶСһۣȻնʧƬռ䡣
һϹ壬дʱ򣬻ҰɣڻĹؼʱڣһºǺÿҶС˵Ȼתߡ
֮дӦһºд裬һΪ˲ʹǷŭжŮΪ˽ѵһϹ壬ɱӺЩҶС粻ġ
УϹһ˻շȥǵɫÿ
峤ϣǸղΪβûնɱҶС磿һź˵
ҪܹնɱܹڣǸ֣նɱĴǼǳܲģοΪľܹնɱҶС𣿡˵
峤˵ĺܶԣǲܹ֣ڸղֵطֵĻ»һƬ֯Щ˻᲻˵ģһѹǣǾ鷳ˡ
֯ǵǲô£µľҶС粻ǣ˴УǾͺް취ˣʱ򻹸ǼһУؼĲնɱҶСŪʵҶСͷۣȿһԿϷһºǾܹ֪ʵʵˣϣʵܹһЩҪȻ
ˣϹҶСдһ鵽ʱ򴫵ݳȥҲᰲβɳǰġ˵
峤ϵļı߰һ˶˴Ĵָ
ǺǡһЦ


1305 ָ
С磬ûΪɣҶСոߵпĲݵϣŮΧ˹жǵ֮ɫ
û£ǲõģǺǡҶС΢΢һЦ˵ȻɫѪӰʱǱԴͨǵΪĿģԤе˭Ҳ޷ֹҪҲܹ޺֮ǡ
ǶסŮ˵ͷ
ؾޱ䣬ս٣ҲһᣬһܹΪپĻᣬƽΪԶԶսʱĿ죬ҪС޺֮ǣܹͻƣһ֮ءŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ˵
Ůǰŷǧ˵ҲΪ˲ԼĲŻǵڽоԼûá
ŷǧĻŮһᶨӣ˺һҪŬȥǺΪͣ¾һҪŬȥ
ǺǣúûҲܹһζȥΪҪȥӿԷһԼҶС翴Ů˵
ȥˡҶСŷǧ˵ĻŮһļᶨȥˣֻʣҶСһˡ
ŮߺҶС΢΢һ̾Ȼŷȥ
׶Σһ֪ͨ࣬ǰ·ںηԺΪҲ࣬Ŭڻҡ
صкҶСһ绰ʼ˵Լ겻ؼңٻؼҡܸĸû˵ʲôҶСȻܹоĸ΢΢ʧǣҡ
ؼȥĽҪͷ޷뿪һֻܹҶСΧڻͳǸΧϾһһ£۳ɵġ
ҶСĹģСӿԴѧϰʡ
ĸ߶͹ģҶСůůģ۽ʲô磬ʲôˣĸҪǣңҲһůıܷۡ
ϣһӰͻأҶСķУΪѾﵽʥ̡
ʥΪȹˣҶС絭һЦʵ
ţѾˣС磬Ȼȥһˣʲô顣̿˵
Լȥģ
Ҳǣʦ˵ͻƺһȥһˣЩҲ֪ʱˣҲȥϾɵˡ¶һĨ˵
ҶСĬһʵ׼ʲôʱȥ
ڰɣ˵¶һĨ˵
ðɣȥɣСһ㣬ʲô͸Ҵ绰ҶС˵ͷ˵
ˡĿһҶС˵ȻתȥߵҶСҵķſʱͣס˽Ų
ûʲôʱһģϣʱ㻹ҡ̵Ƥգһ۾˾ʧˡ
ʧҶС絭һЦû뵽̻ôһ档
ŮŬŬ˺ܶ౶໥֮򶷣ŷǧΪŮָ㣬ϾӵҶСĺܶ䣬ͦߵġ
ȻҶСҲûţȪиط߶һΪѰҿûѪӰֵټΪ˸õɺ쳾˼
С߶ǽӵĵ绰ѾȪоڱſڣĿû˵ϽҪ顣
ҵ绰ҶСٶűȥ
Ȼһ磬ɫľװ˿ӢˬһҰԵ
ǽȥ˵ҶСߵǰ˵
ˣһҪҪȥ죬ǸͶġ࿴ҶС˵Ȼ֣гöϸµĽָָϿӵ·Щ·ۼһöʯһ㾧Ө͸ĿϣԵû
ƵĴָ
ѾƳɹˣ̫ˡҶСЦЦ˵Ȼö
ҶСֻĸ¶һ˿ɻġ
һöˣöǺǡҶСЦЦ˵
͸ң಻ŵĿҶС˵
⻹м٣һöָǲҰϣҶСٺһЦ˵
һű¶һ˿΢죬ݺݵҶСһۣȻϽָ·ҶСԸһ㡣
ΪŮԴָͲͬˣ໹׵ġ
ָ֪֪ļֵ̲סҶСʵ
֪ĺܹ֪ɿʯƳɵģʯ󡣡ҶС˵
ָǿýǮġûĿҶСһۣ˿һҪҶСһŵĳ嶯ҶСָķϣҶСƽϡ
ָжټ䣬Ƶʮö⣬ÿһֻöĿռС˵ƵʮöָĿռġĵΪҶС͵
ںڸղҽָ𣿡ٴʵ
ˣղӦռһˡҶС綢ĺ촽˵
ҶСĿ⣬֪ҶСֿʼˣǺݺݵĵһۡ
Ǻǣ㿪ЦģǵĹϵһöָûʲôҶС絭һЦ˵
лл¶һ˿м֮ɫ˵ɫ


1306 󷨱
ллҿҪռˡҶСĿ࣬˶٣ʵγʲô飿
ҲûʲôҪ飬ж׽üѪӰռ˵࣬ѧԺЩо˵ˡ
ţĻһץҶС˵
˵ͷȻȥͲӰ
ߺҶС翴˿еĴָ¶һĨϲָԺͻ᷽ܶ࣬ʱҲǰô鷳
ڵĲݵϣŮ໥д裬ŷǧվһԿǴʱʱָһ¡
ҶСߵŷǧǰ΢΢еεʵǧָ֪ôʹ𣿡
ָдָˣŷǧ¶һʵ
ţö֪ôʹáҶСƵ˵ղߵļǴָʹ÷ղŲż
ܼ򵥵ģֻҪһ˿ˣָϾͻӡǣΪĶÿδȡһͷˡŷǧΪҶС͵
ҶСȻöָݸŷǧǧöָ͸ˣúˡ
ŷǧһϲȴ¶һ˿ԥû᲻
ģᣬָҪҶС絭һЦ˵Ȼзֳһ˿˿˵һöָУɲǼоԼǰһһٸĿռС
ҶСǴ涫ĵطһ˿˳ҶС緢Լöָ֮һ˿޵ϵ֪Ǹղŷǧ˵ָѾԼһ˿ӡǡ
оôɹ𣿡ŷǧڴĿҶСʵ
ţɹˣԿɣҶС˵
˵껰ҶСͻȻɫһ䣬СʹָȫɹŷǧĹؼʱ̣ܹģͽˣˡ
ҶСĻո£۳ȫɢȥһҲҶСջˣʼȫȫ󷨡
ҶС뿪Ůûо쵽ŷǧָСϲȻ״ﶫ
ʱһȥҲԽԽŮΪһľѪӰȻûκεĶƽ˺ܶࡣ
·ǲҲûʲô鷢ֵϵ˽֮ǰ֣ҲڿҪԭ
ããһСϣҶСգΧռ伤·һεƻһС
Сϣ뵣ѾŨΪŨľдУ̹תĹ켣Ųһֺ;֮ǳӦĸо
ЩľŲҶС˾ǳɱ󡢾ŹնȵȸӵŲɵġ
ʱСϲõ󷨣赲ʥߣ⻹ҶС罫ûвꡣ
ʱѾ˹ؼʱֹ̣ͣһĶãרĹʱ
̺ʱ䡢ռĹ򣬿ռĹҶС绹һ˿˿ǶʱĹûһͷֻܹƾнеĶǿм¼
ʱһȥҶСһεŷΧʮ׵ķΧڣռңҲƣ·ܵĳĸһ㡣
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫лΧĿռ·𶼸תһâҶС˫зǣع
âӿնСҲһɽ
ЩâĴ룬СɽϳĪ··عԼĺۼ
ʱڵҶСûаʱĸҲ֪˶ãСɽϣȫ·ˣһƬռһĪĸо·޾¡
䡭ҶСйâ£СɽȻĹѣЩޱȵ·аҲɢ
ҶСֹͣ˫Ŀ˫ӷ·ѾеһС
ô£ɽôͻȻ·еҲʧﲻԣҶС˫ĿˮɫâղǸСɽ
Ҳֵ·ȫȷûа⣬⾿ôһ£ѾҪ˾Ȼһ񡣡ҶСüͷת˼£˼¡
ͻȻ䣬ҶСԺһ뵽һֿܣѵǸԭ˵ˣϣǸ㳡ϵ¹ʯţֲΪ۶Ϊ˳ӴתղǸСɽ붼Ӧǳܲסֱֲӱˣʱ󷨣̺ʱҪӰ磬˵ҪȥѰƲĵĶˣ
ţӦǣȥʱúȥ鿴鿴Ƚһʱʱ򵽵ĶһҶСȻĿ
һʱ䣬ѾʱҪȫˣȻҪ˵ȫԶϾϵʱĹ򣬵ȻⲢ󷨵Ĳá
ȻôʱĹ򣬲«ưĲãǿмڴУȻȥҪȻ˭֪Ҫ򵽺£˵ȫ󣬵򶼴ˡ


1307 Ҫ
СϣҶС˫Ŀպϣ˿ûΪʱ󷨵ıգѾҵڣֻҪγȥѰʯɡ
ͨܳôӴҲֻʯС
󷨵ʱҶСع˸⣬˷뽫Ķȫ
һ졢졢ʱҶСĹâΧĿռ·ˮһɢһһ̺Ӵܡ
̵Ҷǹ˲Ϊ˿ݻɫȻΪ˷ĩú֦ͷѿðۿɼٶȳһƬҶƬҶٴε㣬ܶʼ·Ǿεֻء
ҶСϵǹȫʧˣ˫ĿųʮɳĹâĿ֮Щľڿ֮佻棬ʱĿֲ󷨣ҶС紥һ˿˿ʱĹһս
ʱѪڣҪһսһո򵽵žѧһžѧжôǿҲûеס
žѧʱģô־ͳΪʱݣתǧɣҶС
ڲ֮һڵԽԽˣҪȫգûаʱͲܣҪе󷨶ڻͨҪһʱ䣬һʱ̫ˣǵȽʱóɹţѾʮˣʱ죬ǺϹԼʱˣϣǲҪʧҶС絭˵¶һ˿Ц
ҶСվ𣬷·һͨһ㣬ͷ˿õ󷨣ĵ˵ͷҽеڻͨȻóȫĵط¾ʥ۷ĴҪҲеѡ
ҲǻȥʱˡҶСǰ߳һ˾ʧˡ
ʮƽڣҼһ˺򣬹˺һյϲ֮⣬ֵҲ˺һЩֵĹ㳡ȵط˵µգܶ˶ڲ룬ȻƷ񣬵ľǸ֡
ǰɱѪȣȫϲ嵭ˡ
ҶСܹĸܵеı仯ӰϽһַǷĹ㳡ϣһǰߣһ߿Щա
Щв֡µгʷʵȵȣʽ಻ʤ
ͷβһ֣Ǹ֡
һ֣Ǹ֡
ƬƬһ϶ǵߵڰס
صĪƷֲ£һ֣֣ôѡҶС翴һһЩջȫˣ·һѶȶûС
ջϣҶСһȦӵȺҶС絭һЦ⻹ʮϣϻ֪ж֡
ҶС硭ҶС׼뿪ʱһö
ҶСѰȥȴǳɫ޷ĳ棬޷ǡǡסһ룬һ˫ɫСƤѥͺɫĽѥĴһ𣬿
ɣû뵽ܹ￴㡣ҶСЦЦ˵
棬λͬѧɣʱԣһֻʮٸҶС˵ϴźͰЦݡ
裬λҶС磬ҵͬͬѧҲǰİ೤ܵ
̺ã̿ᣬҸղŲΪǳĽ㡣ҶС翴ٸ˵
ͻ𣬹ֲǼ㡣޵ٸҶС˵һĸ￴Ů۹⡣
衭һƬߺ죬˵
ˣ費˵ˡٸЦݵ˵
С磬һھҪѧˣɲҪŶ濴ҶС˵ľϲһ˿΢΢ĸӡ
ţлҾʹͰ̣ˡҶСһкȻȥ۪ˮǵķȥ
ٸĿʵҶСܲˣǸǳϸ·ڿҶСԼŮʲ
棬۹ҶСǸˣҪץˣҪȻɲҪڡ
ѾˡҶСԶȥıӰ૵һ˿Ȼ
ʲôѾˣ޵ٸʵ
ûʲô裬Ǽ䡣˲õЦݣԼĸ׵ĸ첲ǰȥ
¥ڣȼ˺ɫչƹرţֻӳĳĺ⣬ŮڿУһ߿ŵһ໥죬ʱŮе΢΢ƣʮʮ׼Ϣһ£ɷԼ
ҶСƿţ˽ȥŮЦЦ˵ڰûң
û㣬ǶġͯЦЦ˵Ц
ôǶأϻһأҶС˹ȥɳϣһˣԴĽѩԲĴϡ
åĽѩҶСһۣȴûҶСš
ʱҶС緢ͯŮ໥ʹɫҪʲôкʵʲô飿¾˵ѵ֮仹ܿԣ
Ө˵ɣһ㡣ͯ˵ŮĿͶӨĿŹ
Ө㣬ʲô˵ҶС翴Ө˵
Өһ˿ԥŮĿ⣬һžϷ˺ΣӬϸ
Ҫӡ


1308 
Ҫ
ӨСҶС绹ˣ⻰˲ˡ
ҪӣûϾᣬοǸߣͨ˵֪˶ٱ˶ʱЩ顣
ʱӨͻȻ˳ŮĹ˳ҶСо˼飬һһģе㷴Ӧ
㲻ԸĻǾˡҶСû˵ӨΪҶС粻ӦɫȻ˵
û˵ӦֻӨ㣬ôͻȻ飿ҶС粻ʵ
Һ綼˵ˣǸʱ»Ӱѩ֮ĸ飬ѩҲͬˡ˵ţӨϸֳһĨߡ
С磬ͺӨһСɣԺܹĽѩգ˵¶һ˿˿˷ܣûһ˿Ĵ⡣
찡ӣǸߡҶС̾һ˵
ڴ£ҶСһ㣬϶ΪԼʱŮоģӨǸ뷨ˣһļϣŮӨӡ
ʲôߣǿɶǺӵ衣ĽѩҶС˵
Ľѩ˵仰ӣҶС綼ЦԼȻǸӣܹӵ裿ⲻǿЦġ
ҿһôϾһû׼οӲ˵ġҶС翴Ů˵
⻹ʲôһֲҪܣܾˣ˵㵽ǲĽѩҶС˵¶˺Ρ
ˣѩͲҪΪСˣС仹Сû뷨ҲӨһЦ˵
Ө㡭ĽѩӨһ
ðɣܻܲҪ⡣ҶСһҧ˵һֲҪ
С磬ĲԸˣҲǿģǸ뷨ʱҲ١ӨĿҶС˵ҶС
û£ûǿҡҶСЦЦʱѾͨˡ
ҶСӦˣŮԵúܸˣ·һСܹŮһ㡣
ϣҶСӨķУΪĵͶ
ڶ죬ѵһ죬ģ¶ҲȻ˺ܶ࣬ǰ궬¶ȣһֱʮϡ
ů·ĸ׵ĻǺıѩҲڻڶ졣·ǵɾһ㡣
ҹ̫ԵʣӨҶС綼û𴲣ӨҶСĻУһҸӣȻ͸¶һ˿΢졣
ҶСϹԼˣȫһ㣬Ȼ˯
ȪиۿڣϹһ˺ˣҿһճ˺þòҶСƵĳ˸ͣѾˣȻûмҶСӰһɫÿ
賿ʱǾѾϢ˳ȥϹҪȪкҶСд衣
ֶܶǰһǴΪȡ˵ľ飬һĻ죬ȻΪܹҶСնɱһΪ˿֡
ҶСӨһֱ˯ʮһӲ˴һ㶼֪ϹЩѿɫ
С磬첻ҪȥϹдôȥ緹ͯҶСյĿƻŵʱ̲סʵ
ʱ仹أҶС絭һЦ˵
ϹЩ˿ˣѾˣڵȴ㡣ͯЦ˵
Ƕһ޷ϵʱдиоҶС絭һЦ˵۵һ⡣
ʱŷǧ˹ҶС˵κϹд飬Ѿ磬ħ˵ҳ϶УϹ㶯֡
ŷǧе΢΢ĵġ
û£ѾԤϵˣҵЩ϶ŹңǸˣǽնɱȫԽеƸЩˣһˣնɱңִۣЩ϶Ը⻨ѡҶС絭һЦ˵
㻹ҪСĵģҪ⡣ŷǧ
ģһġҶСĵ˵ͷ
ۿڣıڽһʱˣʮϹĸվڸۿڱԵĵȴҶСĵ
ʱ̫ɽĺأʮ˵Ӱӳ
峤Ϻ͸ɫƽ⣬жðŻһʮַŭӡ
ҶССôòˣǰɣһ߷߷ߵ˵оǶҶСĲ
Ӧòᣬûдﵽ޳ܵĵطɣĲǽϢأܶ˶˶һ˵
Ҫȥһıгһʵ
峤ϣʲô⣿ѲɾɵŲɣϹУŻɫüëĸʵ
Ǿôסھ賿кܳһʱ䣬ĳҵԤУǹ޷ƽȰɣûʲô飬ġΪ׵˵
øҶС񶾡
ʱڶֶڸۿΧȴҶСϹд衣


1309 д1
ʮǻĵԪڣСﵽź·ϵ̻϶װ˲ʵƣЩľ̡
Ѥʵ̻ڿĵشͣڿնɢ£ޱȡ
ֵϵ˶˺ܶ࣬ۿڸĵƹҫڵҹģЩֶɫʣ·Ǹһ߲ϼ¡
Ϲѵ쳾֮£Ҳ̧ͷ̻Իһһ磬һҶһᣬһһﶼеĹ򣬾Ųõ̻Ҳһݣһ˲Ҳˣܹ޵лԻʱҲǲѡ
ǲ̻ļϹľߣ쳾ܹľĵطȻҲΪΣյĵط־΢ᶨͻ׹ɺ쳾
ҶСŮڱзһ̻󣬲Ȫиۿնȥ
ҶСΪ˵ۿҲ˲˲䣬վգɨȪеĸֶ֮С
ߣǽҵһˣһҪѪȾ̫ƽ󡣡ҶСĺʱ
Щ˲Ŀʾˣ϶ͼʣǵĿĶΪȻˣͲܹˣΪصĺⲻ֪ЩҶСС
ǾõˣȪиۿڵķΣҶСһ˵ƬռоþûصķҶС罵Ϲһ˸
ҲǺܾãҲûжáϴŵ΢Ц˵
ţҲȷʵûжãһʱѣһǶԣеһѡҶС˵
ҶСĻĸ⣬ǷŭĹâһǾ
綼ˣû뵽ȴһŵȵҶС磬ƾҶСղŵĻ˵һжҶСġ
ж뽫ҶС˺Ƭǣ峤϶û˵ʲôֻҪŭȫѹĵף޺޵һдʱÿ
Ȼ˵ߵⲻ£ܶ߸ոո¶ͷǵʱˣ̫ϣɲҪ䣬ûڹʷУǻһĵһְǵϣʹǵĻ֡˵·Ǻ㴺һ㡣
Ǻǣ˵ҲǣΪܹõĻţֻŬЩвĶͳͳնɱͲˣлѡҶС΢΢һЦ˵ɱ⡣
˱Ͽ·Ǻһ㣬ĵ죬ʵаػ棬˵вɱ
ҶСĻӹһЦһЩвĶͳͳնɱʵǸز𣿡
һдǾ֪ˡҶС絭˵
ҶС磬׼ûУ˫Ŀâųʵ
Ѿ׼ˣɣǸԪһɫʣϣҪǺɫġҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ̫ƽɶɶȥ
峤ϣҶС̫ˡϹɫüŷŭâ˵
Ǯܹ͸Ϊ峤žʵ
ҡǡɫ
ΪһΪһǸߣ˵ĳϢĹҲ˵һϹߺܲ˵Լ󣬶˼꣬ͺܿҶС
ʵжǿһ֪ˡ峤˵һ䣬ڿն𣬸ҶС磬ϹҲ˹ȥ
뿪ʮ䣬ܶһһӰ߳ǿ˿ҶСϹ˷ɱķҲһһʧ
ۿڼԶĺҶС羲գȴϹĵλãǡܹۿڱߵĵۿڱߵĵƹ⣬·㷱ǡ
ҶС֮ԻѡλãҹȾɫʣøۿڱߺܶ˿
ߣҲ𣿡ҶС˫Ŀ䣬
Ƭ̼䣬ʮͻȻҶСǰ⣬ʥ˵һҲһ˲ѣվλܹЧԤԷ͵ϮԵԶ
Ϲ׼ôд裿һʤǳսֻһϣҶС翴Ϲһ˵
Щ˵Ϊʵ̫һˣ峤⣬˶Ϊǣ峤ϵΪѾʥسڣҪսʤҪһ㹦
ҶС磬̫ˣ֪ж콾ϹǰһⶼûһýһϹ߶ҶС˵
Ȼһ⣬ҾǸ⣬˭𣿡ҶСȻͦһ۳ɵ·죬΢ĺڷ裬һɾ֮ŷ·ѹһеľ
˫Ŀ磬峤ϣŨҵս
ҶСϵƣ峤ɫһ׼ս
ߣŪ顣ʱһһΪʥ۷Ŀ峤˵峤ϣҺдд裬д衣
峤Ͽ˿ҶС磬ɫԥһ£Ȼ˵ͷ˵ҲãСĵ㡣
ߵĸоҶСܲ򵥣ҶСʵҲá


1310 д2
ʥӽĿͶҶС磬˫Ŀлų·ҪһƬȼգϣǿ񱩱ڵĺˮҪͣͷǿֲ·ͬһֻبͷ
һʵӶҶС磬̤һһǰ߳ȦȦɢŷϵΰ
ʵ̫һˣսͲд裬ָ㡣ҶСĿƽ˵
ҶС磬̫ŵûкýԸʵܹĻϬЦһ˵
ո£˾ʧˣͻأ䣬һɫҶСഫ
һɫ̺ſֲһԲʮ׶ӳ˺ɫ¶ȼ˲Ѿһ϶ϵ¶ȣµĺˮֲΧ˲
ҶС֮Ҳһɫâ·Ҫȼ
Ĺֻôһ㣿̫ʧˡҶСŤͷ˵¶һ˿ʧ
ɣҶСͻȻһɳһţݺ߳ɫֱӱ߳һͨһգռҵĶӵӰ¶˳ɫ䣬ϽٷȥҶСĹ
£̫ˣʵʥأ
ҶС˫Ŀ磬ǰ߳һ˲ʧǰ
̫ˡҶС΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ҽǰĿռ䶼ؼۣȫӿ˹
һ߳һɾ޴ƺƵͬһƬһ㡣
¶˾֮ɫһȻơ
ȫɫâƣΧĿռݺݶþȫһɫâγһ׶ӣͼƵҶСһ
䣡
ֱӱǹд£˺УʮɵνԵÿֲ֡
žղŻһϹ֣֮ɫļɵ
ҶСһܹʥ۷ĸ֣ʣʥϵĸˣǵĳ
һŶ೤ʱ䣬Ȼ־磬ϹҲҶСΪݺݵһ
һˮ𣬸ղӴӴԾԹû뵽ȻԷһûнղŽǰġ׳־оϻģȱ˴һƸܡ
ĬĬĻصһԲӣôʱ䣬Ȼ֪ڲ֪ȤĻ˵ҶСͻ¶ˡ
ϹôһʵһϰɣҶСĿһ̧Ϲ˵
Բѣһʵ˵лɫüӣΪѾﵽʥڡ
Ļո£ȻҶС繥лóһɫȼܻ棬ֲۣϢɢ
֮꽣졣лɫüӴһҰռ䶼¡¡죬ΪķԲʮڵĿռ·Ķƶ
ƴĻɫƬռĻɫЩɫÿһɳա
ơɫüëųһ֣еĳΪһԼʮɵĻɫֱֱ֮ҶСն£ΧЩĻɫ׷ǰ֮ȥ
Ǳɫ֮£ҶСĿռȫˣ·ҶСж
ȷʵе㱾£ȸղǸǿˣʵǲ̫ԶˡҶС΢΢һ̾һâ֮ŷ·ǻգһϸߺն˹ȥ
ûκεɫüӣеĻɫ֮ʱֳ룬ӿķɢ
ܡôʲôɫüӿԼ۵ĻɫȻڻûеҶСǰʱֱˣǿ־壬ҶСʵѾĹơ
ƳĹѣýţһȭưһҶС˫Ŀ·̫һĹâͬһλ̾һһĿռȫ֮УȭգȻշ·Ǳһ㡣
˶оһĿֲͬʱһϵѹȣһȭǰֵûУҶСӰжʱø߲ʣ·ûܹսʤûܹԽ
䣡һǵĹâأɫüһӾͱ˳ȥѪҺϢήң֪ɳ˶
ҶСһȭŷȫˣɫѿޱȡ
˴ʱϹ˶ҶСʵһµʶ
һУʵ׵ʲôľ磬ж롣
£̫ˣԶԶԽһ֣һ޷⣬ͬһʱһֱ磬ֻҪڣ˶һֶѹ˿˿ģкܶжһУ治ΪУ̫ˣɳ̫ˡ


1311 д3
УϺˮ۳ʮɸߵˮǽӣһΣŭ
þãƬزƽ˶һԣǿҶСĿǼɵ
ʥĸֶĶ֣峤ܹеùвôһʡ
һ˭д裿ҶС·ƿһľĿϬˡ
ϹһƬţûһ˵ҶСʵǶˣЩг峤⣬˶ʥصߣͲҶСĶ֣Ψһϣ峤ϡ
ѵϹûˣҶС˵
峤ü΢΢һ̾ĵҪˣһʤҪȻϹľͶˡ
ҲܵϹ˵ĿⶼͶϣһڴ
д衣峤ϵ˵˲ͳҶСǰһĵط
ڳˣһΪᵱһֻͷڹأҶСЦһ˵
Ϲû¹κˣΪȷǿģһܹԽ㣬ҿʵ峤϶ҶС˵
ϣһɻɫ籡ЩҵȼԡڻУ·ǻľԲ֮ڵ֮Уһ˿һ©
һϢֲ˹ҶСɢƷͥ
ơ峤лɫâһֻ˲Ϊ˻ɫ·Ǳպһ㣬ڵĹѪܡɼ
һƴƬռе·ȫȼһ㣬ռŤɲǼһ޴Ļ۶ҶСȥ
ҶСΡĸɽûһ˿ĽţֻͬһƴֲľҶСбŷϺˮȫ˹۳һ·ǷһСıƣɴĺˮ۶ɣȻľơ
䣡
𶯣޴İײһֱ𣬵ƥ˳䣬ÿһƥ÷Բʮڵĺˮըѣ
Ϲ˸ϽһǱѣлɫüΪùˣոջصϹĶУٴαݺݵײ˳ȥ
УҶС峤˹ȻƳȣ˫Ŀ磬սڡ
һƣǬҶСһִһɲõ޷ֱǺôɫĹâŷط·ˣֲסˣǿѹ˷
ҶСһƣ·Ҫռ䶼ճƬͬ峤ϡ
ָơھǿѹ£峤ڵƵëжŻָһ㡣
һָǰĿռһɻɫâ۳һ㣬Ȼ󱬷˳·һöʯͶ뵽ƽĺˮУȦȦɫƵ
ǡ΢ҶСһƱƳˣ峤ϵɫһ֣ʱڸܵҶСĿֲϵɫޱȡ
ˮڡҶСϺˮѹɲǼ䣬Բϰ֮ڵĺˮȫ۵ĺˮÿһζϰٽء
صĺˮźƴܾ峤ϣαڣޱߡ
峤˫Ϊɫųຣˮֱӱһʱ
¡ҶСٴղŲӿ̺ĺˮת˲ͬ峤϶һı
ơҶСֵеıȫ˿ϵܣΪЩıȫ۵ĺˮγɵģ񱬷ǿޱȣ·ܹݻռ䡣
ˮӿȥ峤վںɫһһףҶСĹ£Ȼˡ
ٽһУܹסҾͷŹǡҶСӸµĿ峤ϣֻ·һ㡣
¡
һա
ҶСȭһȭسƴƬռƵһȭ֮ȭ֮ģۣ·ûܹ赲һȭ
սɷâ֮۳ĳգնһС
ͬʱ˹ȥһԵһֲֿͣĹ˶оΪ峤ϸǳܵľ޴ѹ
汬峤һҧ˫лһ˫Ƽγɣ޾ӿ˹СɫӺɫΪɫٱΪǳɫ̺ľ
˫һƣǳɫĻ˳ȥ
䣡
ֲıը·ǻֲ֮ԲƵʽɢ峤˲䱻ķ˳ȥһѪ
ҶСͬ˳ȥһ˿Ѫ
ϹҲˣصĺܶΪռ䲨ҵԭ׷ðҲزμ
ƴʧӿĺˮƽһûһӰ
ãӰӺڿնɫ԰׵ҶСϹԶϹһǱѶˣ峤ϵƱȽأ𶯵ĳѪһɷâ֮һĴƻ
һսԶҶСʤϹĺܲңʱҶС뽫Ϲȫǣ뻹ˣһѵ͹ˣϾǴдš


1312 Χ
ϹڻҪд𣿡ҶСնϹ˵
ҶСĻϹһ˵ɫΪѿˣг˼ɵ⣬зŭҲû뵽ҶСʵȻǿ׵ľ硣
峤ϣҪҪûնɱҶС磿ʱһϹ峤϶ߴŵ⡣
峤Ťͷ֣ܹնɱ
ҡ˲˵˻ղ˵ĻҲΪŭһ£ȷʵģҶСֳʵܹͲˣھȻȥǣ޴֮
ҶС磬û뵽ΪôϹˣΪֽ̡峤ϿҶС˵ȻʹһɫøϽһ뿪
Ǹոնͻأ䣬һӰǰ˵뿪𣿡
㵽ôѵ뽫Ϲȫնɱ峤϶ҶСʵ
ΪҲңҶСϣϹȫУһŨҵɱŷ˶оһɺĵǺҶС˵ĻҶСĸնɱǡ
Ϲûлش𣬳ĬǵĿһ˿ɵһ˿裬ϹˣʱôԴ
峤һҶСʵ㵽ô
ôȻǸ㹻ĳͷˣǵĿҲ֪ôңҪʧߣҪҶСΪ䣬·ھĵ
ӿҶСĸ֣ʱ䣬ƬռҲͻأ䣬һ𣬵ɫ۳ʵʵķмУϹ˴ȥ
ơ
ŭϡ
ơ
ϹִԼľѧ赲ҶС
䣡ɫɫͣײ˾޴ı
ûãɫȫɫûˣҶСһξʹ츳
ʮ䣬ҶСֹͣɫһ˿Ĳ԰ףֲ̺Ŀʧ¶ޱȵϹһˡ
ϵ·ȫ˲˿ڣѪͣ£гԹ޵ĶҶС磬Ǻ뽫ҶСնɱûǸ
ɣҪһΣǾͲڻϹˣôʮ㹻ˡҶС˵һ䣬һֲĹâŷɨ˹ȥ
ۡ˵ܹ赲ҶСĹÿһѪ˳ȥ
ҶСȻ·Ǹ߸ϵľڸЩսܵˡ
ߡϹһ˹˲òߵѪϽߵķɱȥǺҶСıעնɱǡ
Ϲ˵ϢʧƬռͻȻ䣬ҶСһѪվеһģɢϢɢˣɫ԰ֽɫήҲ
ߡҶСӰȪзɱȥٶȱ˺ܶࡣ
ಡͻȻ䣬ӰҶСΧҶСŰΧҶС粻ϲͣһĿˣǾ֮ɫ
Χߵʮ֣Щȫʥ֣Ϊߵһʵﵽʥڣغڲһ֮ңѣ˵Ϊʥء
ҶСҲнգҾͲŽܹӵˣһİӿҶСЦһ˵˵ΪߣѾʥڡ
ôˣҶСʵ
ɱˣǵݣ㵽ܵظȻ֪ˡĶҶС˵ͬʱϱŷһɿֲƣһưԵ˫·Ҫѹһ赲
ۡһ£ҶСһѪɫΪ԰ˡ
һһֵʵ𣿹Ȼˣһκβ㣬ϧ˰˭ˡȻһϧӣ˫ĿȴŨŨɱ⣬·ҶС֮ʲôһ㡣
ΧǣҶСѾˣҪԩĶɣҪȻҶСҪǵˡͻȻ䣬ĿԶ˵쳹ҹķ
£һ䣬ʮӰӰз˳Щʥ֣аʥ۷ĸ֣Щ˶ĿҶС磬ȫҶС統˰ϵ㣬ôоôС
ûУٴʵ
ΧֶûжǷ·ֵģҶС籨ġ
ҶСһ⣬ϷУӰһһһ٣˷ܵĹâ˻ǵ۾żƾâ
ʦҪҪҲȥֵͦġ¶ԾԾԵĹâ˵
ҶСг𣿡
ûС
۸𣿡
ûС
ȥʲôֿ֣ɲܴգԺҪע㣬гҲҪƣôڣһһûʲô𣬿ϧˣһâ̫ʤˡ΢΢һ̾˵
˭֪ҶСôӹһ١ٺ١ûһܹ³


1313 װ
ããʮֽҶСΧסֲһŷ·һŭ
ȵɱƬռ䣬һ˴ѹ֡
ЩѾҶСΧסˣÿ˶ҶС磬·ҶСһ㡣
ܺãʮʥ֣ʮʥ죬ǿݣǻܹҶС硣ҶС绷һΧź˵
ҶС磬ǵõնɱŷôĽļաһΪʥ۷ɱȻҶС˵
ҶС磬ھնɱǳ¼ôߺһֱţţû뵽˻ᡣһɫзеɱⶼܹɵâ
˵û˵ˣҶС翴˿ܵЩ֣Ȼ˵ŷ壬ҺǼ֮䱾гޣЩɱ˾ɱˣҪ־͹ŷˣ¼ңǺǣҵġ
˶٣ҶС罫ĿͶ˸ղŵһΧȺˣӦżҵ˰ɣ
żҵˣżҵòϣǸΪˣǷڹʱҲǾ֮ˣŲС׼ףô˵żҸ˺ȴƫƫնɱܹ궢ҶС˵ûɢɱ⣬ȴŻɽŷĺƴ
żҡ¼ҡŷҶǺгģأΪҲҪɱңҶС罫ĿͶ˰ΧһСˣĿϬޱȡ
ǿ㲻ˬ˭ôšһ˵
ԣǾǿ㲻ˬ
Ҫ־͹̫ſˣܶ˶նɱ㡣
һСУܶ˸͵Źâ·ǽҶСȫ
ǺǣǵĿ޷ǾҪ˶֪նɱҶС磬ǿЦҶСɨһСһ˵ȻЦһ
ЦʲôôֵΧĽļգôĲõ̻ΪС
ôΧ㣬ӦøеԺˡ
ɣ±ӵĻסҪ͵ЩԶǲġ
ǵĻҶСĹâΧߵ֡
ֲһߵѪڰеûΧˣ˶ˣѾǺܾˡ
ҶСȻƽȴĴÿ˵ĶУͬʱֱսһɺƴġͬһƱŷƿֲ˼㣬Բ֮ûһУֻҶСϱŷΪҫۣͬһ㣬ɧΧǹɹƲǳжѡ
ʲôϵΪôֲѵѵ
ҶС磬ʹթûˡһȻָ˹ĿҶС˵еĺһѰѷĵӡ
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ҶС˵ĲҪûˣºܶɱĵ˻ڰУͲ֣˷װˣ뽫еĲȫȫ
ҶС羹Ȼûˣܶг˻⣬о¡⣬ָӵ
ҶС磬ûˣѵһôֵĴڣһܹԸġһ˵
λýţҶСʵҲʥأʥصĸ֣֣һССҶСѣܹնɱ˵
Ѿû˻ͷ·ҶСҪȻľˡ
ƾһʿÿж˾£ôһսͲýˣѾעˡ
˵ĻһЩһ룬ȷʵˣνҶСϵ⣬еɫᶨÿҶСжŷŨҵɱ⡣
Ǻǣ˵ͦģʵǲпģʲôǡҶС絭һЦһΧڶ˵
ۡҶСĻո£üΪ΢ֱ³һѪɫһһףܵ˲ˣεĹһӴһֲ
ҶСֱɢ֮۳ɹǽйֹûκεףڶ⣬˷ʤ
һƬȻʲôֶΣȻδţǵһ˿˿Ŀֻš
δ֪Ķǳη壬Īˣʱг˿־壬ϵ˳֮£ҶС翴ɲ⣬ϱŷƣеϵƶݺݵѹס
һݴǻ𣿡ҶС翴˵һЦʵЦݿǶħ΢Ц
ҶС磬ղʲôżĿҶСʵ
ǰ׳գһὫԼĹԼĵˣҶСһۡ
ҶСĻɫѿޱȣϵԡ
ߣĹܹôЭնɱһ㡣˵
ɱ
ɱ
ʥصĸֺжȳ֡


1314 ʱĿֲ
ţʥֵĺĵֲĹŷҪҶСƬ
ʥظֹȻСܵĵĿֲҶС
ʥǿߵĹԵĿռ䴩͸ԣڼʹ봩ռܹˡ
ΪƣΪꡣҶСưθߣ˷·һΰɽ壬Ƽ۳ʵʡ
˲䣬ĳƣƣ·ڸأ̺ϵΰľѡ
䣡
ĵײ𣬿ֲܣγһһЩÿһʥǿߵĹ

ۡ
ΧҶСУҶС쾳ĸȫ˲ޣʥһĸֶܵ˲ˡ
Χ֣Ҫģ֯󷨣ҪȻ϶˺ܶΪ΢ˡ
ڱĿֲУˮŭԶҶСɫ΢΢һ׾ͻָҲһ
˵ȳ֣ȾˣҲҶСֶȵһɫĹ֯ҶСһġ
ڶֵΧУҶСоΧĿռ䶼ˣʥǿơ
ơҶСһϿֲķâ֮ᴩ˷·Ϊһ˲Ƴʥֶڿռᡣ
Ϊһâҡֱϣ㿪ܼĹʵǿ󣬲γ֮壬ôܼĿֲҲܵˡ
䣡
ҶСղڵĵطֱӱһڵѷ죬޾ȫӿ룬·ĺˮУһѷһӵʱͻָˣЩĺˮص£ɸߵˮ
վڸ߿յҶС翴΢΢һҿԼղû԰ȥ赲ҪҪֱӾˣʥǿܹȻС
棬ɱһ˺еϷ˼״Ҳ׷׷𣬸ղҶСӱܣǿնɱҶСϣսȻÿжѪڡ
뷢ҶСһУͻȻ۳ıÿһѱɺˮۺγɵģ̺ſֲ
Щı˷䣬˵ϴ
ЩУֻܹ赲ûа취ҶС츳ߵǿ츳ȺսʱӵϵĿֲɱǵ˵جΡ
ҶСٴһ䣬УƾһɫЩȫɿֲ۶ɵģ¶ȼߣռ䶼ӳ˺ɫ·һڵĺˮȻ˾ֲ
ơը˿ɣء
һЩʥֱȼǲҽëȻ
վڸ߿յҶС翴ֵڶ֣ҲǳһǾ似ʱˡ
ʱݡҶСĿз·̺һϵΰͬǴʱĳϴǹҶСˣΧۿˣͷһҪʲôµҪһ㡣
ҶС˫лĹ켣·ǲؼĳֹΧĿռ䵴
ܶ˶ܹҶС˫ڻǣҶС˫ֻƺ͹켣һ㶼ǲס
ɱֹܵеĿֻźľĸоһ˵ȫڻһͨҶСȥһ
Ҳовڶ֣һʱҲ׷Ч£þȫͨҶСȥͬʱԼΪǿĹ
ҶС繥ҶСվпȻ·һܣ֪ǵֲ
ΧյһЩ΢΢һ̾Ҫ𣿿һŵ䣬һЩΪɲĸضҶС磬ǲΪҶС־ܵˣҶС绯ôֲĹֶΡ
ʱһֲƥ嵽˾ҶСǰʮ֮ۿҶСҪƬ˹һĻˡ
Щ۵˼µƥҶСʮ׵ĿռʱȻֽɢˡ
ʲôǡ
ô£
ʲô
Ŀɿڴ֪ôһ£оǧΡ
ʱҶС˫Ŀ˫Ŀһʱ·һߣܹŽ¡
תǧꡣҶСĸֵķȻ䣬һĹâҶСмųЩȫС
ûܹâɫҲûܹâĲá
һ̼䣬ؾ㾲
һâһţ˲һеʱ䣬·һһ㡣
ҶСɫ԰˼֣ȴĹâض·Щˡ
ʱЩղһâʥ֣һ׷Բԣݿ£ȵѪ˼ʮΪҲǴȽ͡
ô£ôӣ
ʲô£˶ˣ
ģģΪͨ죬תôӣҲţָָٻָ
ΧҶСһǿ־岻ţƾôת޷ʹЩϸֻԣ׷ԲԵӣҲָܹǰ


1315 ˾
ʱȻʱڰһλáΪߣ˵
Ǽ˷ܣ·ʲô˵һ㣬֪жƽľ˿̱ȫˡ
ʦղǸҶСʩչľʱܿµӣЩ˾ȻֱӱͷһŤͷԼʦʵ¶һ˿ԼʦӦôô
ʱʥǿ׷Ѱ׷˵ֻʱĹܹ̤Ǹ磬û뵽ھȻʱһ̾
ʦʱжʵ
жʱΪֲģ˵ʲôֵܹסʱ䣬ʱʧǰҲ޲ߣҶСⲻһ˿˿ʱҪܹٶһЩЩ˲䶼ɷĩɢؼ䣬˵²£˵
ȷʵ£ҶСҲ湻µġ˵
ֹǿ°֪Ժﵽʲôľ磬ʱֻʥ۷Ĵڲܹû뵽ѾһˣǸ˵ûκѶȣϣԺվ֮۵ӡ߸̾һĿԶ
վеҶС翴һȺ׷ԲԵͷʱҲ̲סһû뵽ʱȻôĿ¡
ԺһսԵɱʹˡҶС
˵꣬˫Ŀбų⣬ɱȻϱҫ۵Ĺâ·һؼ
ৡâã·ǳһĹߣŽ񣬻Ƴգʱжʮˢˢĳ롣ûһ˿ס
һĻЩض㡢еͷһз䣬вȽǸܵĿ־塣
ӡӡӡֻͷʣĸֶ˷ȥٶȣһʩչٶȡ
ӵ𣿡ҶСƬռޱȣǴħΪֲ
һ츳ߵ򳡿ⷽȫ֮У·ռе顣
ЩͷӵٶȻһ٣·̶̶Ӹ⻬
ô£ҵٶȡ
򳡣츳ߵ򳡡
֪Լ츳ߵ򳡣Щʥǿ־
ҶС磬ſңҪȻǼĲ㡣ͻȻһʥֳɤź
ŹңԺҲ鷳ˡ
Щһһֵķ緶ûУܶ˶ԽԽЩ඼֪˶ΪͷʲôϡʲôͳͳĶ֪
ǰ׳գ˭ŹҪɱԼˣնݲ紵Ҫ㹻綼⼸塣ҶСЦһеļܣڵ֮Ϊ
ۡЩͷףҪʥÿ³һѪɫήҲ
ɣҶС˵Ƭռ䶼ܻˣͬʱâ̳֮Щ˺ȫɥΪ˻ҽ
ЩһʱҶС򳡣һսһ󣬸оƣѣϾ˺ܶ
¼ЩҪնɱҵˣҪúõҶС˫Ŀ·ǰҹвõǳ
߸߹ҵһԲ£վȾһĨѪɫ
ͻȻĿջأ˿ΧգЦһһ˲ʧ
ҶСʧ󣬰ĺܶ˲һ¶ͷϵĺˮղҶСǵĿǸܵ˾޴ѹ
ʦղҶСõĹ³ѪһգӨӨʵ
֪͸ҡҡͷ˵
ɣʦѾʥظˣҲ͸ܴܲҶС磿¶ȵĹâȻʵ
ûаգ͵ʹֶҾͺѵֵ˵ֶûʩչ˵
ǸҶС绹ǿ£һŬú˵
߸һӣôãֻҪҶСһ룬ʦˡ
ͷӣ˵ٴˣҪԴҳԽҶС磬ΪԴԵʡ˵
ǺǣֻҪܹһڴﵽʥҾͲˣߡ߳һ˾ʧˡ
һУϹһǿߣһµӡ
ҿղûмȥҪȻҲӲնɱˡ峤˵
ǰû뵽ҶСʵôǿղźǵսûʹȫ
ҶС粻ΪֶҲޱȸ֮ԺԼսȫ˶֪ýЩеĵһ򾡡Ϲһǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ҶС飬ǸϽȥ¼ڲЩǰûܹҶС磬ǸϽؼȥ峤˵г˼ɵ־⣬ء
һɱȥ


1316 ޻
ޱ޼ʵĺϹһʮλʥȥһ·ϣû˵һ仰ҶСʵ̫ˡ
µˣͻȻһһǿҵΣУ·ʲôΣսͷһ㡣
Ҫӡ峤ϴһߴܣȻǳˡ
ֻؼ䣬ͻأһɫͷͷ޴ޱȣ·ռ˰ա
໡һ޺峤⣬˶һͷǣһ̣Ǿ޴ͷ͹˹
䣡һռ䶼ڲ·Ҫˡ
ۡһ˶һѪ
ʱһ۵˳ǰĿɭӥͲǸˣ˫Ŀƾһץ
ء˲ʥֱˣѪ䡣
Ϲ˻һޱȡ
ɱ˫ȭӶֲŷ
䣡
ʥǶƬ
峤ϣϽ뿪赲סлɫüӺһ˵
Ҳߡ峤˫Ŀͨ죬Ƿŭ֮ɫ˾֣һ˲Ĺʧ
峤ϣϽ߰ΪǱ𡣡һΪʥ۷ĸֺ
ߡ
Ǳء峤һҧȻɱȥ
˭Ҳ߲ˡǵԴɳƵ𣬿ֲչ¶ӰҪ׷峤ϡ
Ǹƴˡ
һɣ
ϹҶСͻȻ䣬ȫһɫ棬·ȼǵȼ꣬ϵƿֲ
˴һ޴İ˹ȥϹĸֶʱͱķˣϵĻҡ
ٷɱȥϹ˸ȥ˲䣬Ǿͱϵǲȼճ˻ҽ
ʮ䣬׷һߵСϣСҲַǷڲĽֵϴУһֱߵһʮ·ڣ˫Ŀ磬ܡ
ã뽫ȫһ£ϹСӺúöһû뵽ʧˣߡһȻʧˡ
ӣͻȻ֣ܣѵûС򣿿ˡ
˵꣬˾ʧˡ
һСʱʱСʮ·ڣһȫһɳζؤͻȻ䣬Ŀһâ֮ŭҧгݵģһǱġ
ؤ峤ϣ֪ԼٶȸӲˣӵСýֱͰˮͷȥȻһؤǸؤϵ·ȥŶһ١
ȪУϲһڰСУһͻأ֣漴巢΢΢ߡݡӶ췭ظı仯
˺ȻҶС磬һǰߣһſŨ֮
ûҶС磬Ϲ˼Ȼ鷳ôȻŹǣҶСרŰһնɱǾˣŹ峤ϣȻ˵һ㺬Ļ㹻ϹҲˣοѾϹʾءϹһ뵽Ǹɣ
ҶСһ·У̰ȵ֮εս֪Լʵʵʥ۷嶼첻в˵ܹնɱĹƣʥǿ߾ɱأĿǰǶ֣Ӧܹնɱ
ַǷĴϣСʱҶСڵָ˺ܶ࣬Ѿָ߳ɣһսҶСעҪ£ȻҲ⵽ܶ˵ļʡ
ûö೤ʱ䣬߻˱߽ʱŮڣһţǣȻܹеĵǡ
ҶС˽Ůһ¶ϲɫ
ǵˣҶС翴ŮǸ˵
û˰ɣͯĵʵͬʱҶС硣
ûУôأǺǡҶСЦЦ˵
дƻƴﶼ¡¡˺ܶâ϶ѾͼƬῴҶС˵ˮ
뿪˶μҺ·һ˿˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֮ǰ˲١
ǺǣǲǺϹдʱƣնɱʱĿֲҶС絭һЦ˵
ҪСĵ㣬ʲô£ǶҪػˡῪһЦ
ģҲµġҶСЦЦ
С磬˸˵ʱ˺ܶ绰ر㣬ʲôʱȥһ˿ĽѩĿͶҶС˵
ţȥɣò˶೤ʱ䣬ҪǶһȥҶС翴Ů˵
̫ˣСܵܣ°һʱܲ˵ġľܿһЦ˵
С磬ҿȴѩǧӨȥȵʱǽ㸸ĸӹô˵ǴӶ̫ȫ㿴ôͯ˵


1317 ؼһ
ͯĻĽѩӨ¶һĨϲɫһ˿ĽߣŷǧһƬƽûʲô仯ŮӶе΢΢ĽϾܹҶСĸĸҲԤʾ˺Ӵ̵ܹӡ󣬲ΪҶСûйҶСĸĸˣȥҶСŷǧĽѩͷҶС縸ĸ˼빤
⣬ͯ˼ĻͦȫģΪҪӨ飬ΪӨ˼ҵϱ˶е㱣أҶС縸ĸҲһ֪ҶСѾӨˣҶСĸĸ϶ˣͯĲĽӴ£ɲ֮
վôҶС硢ŷǧӨһȥһˣһʱûмˣĸȻе
ϹڣϹ棬棬峤վ롣
ѾһɫĳۣоǷŭ֮ɫ
Ȫһеȫ˵ˣŶҶСʵľ⣬жİ˵ķŭ
Ϲ˵ɫҲÿϾԼڱնɱʥְɶǼڲĶ˲Űʧÿһʥ֣ҪѴԴ˵նɱնɱˣɶǴʧ
û뵽ҶСʵȻﵽ־磬նɱô֣Щ۵ġ
ҿ峤ûж֣ˡ
Ҳǲң󻹲ǱնɱˣھȻ˭֪类ҶСնɱ
ԺҶС飬Ҫӳ飬ѾҪǼЩǰǣǰܹ뿪ҶС米ˡ
Ϲһɳϲͣ۵ģ峤Ͻ˫ȭȭͷϵһΪŭӡ
峤ϣնɱǵǸûʱϹʵ
һ峤Ͽ˵ûУûʲôʵ֣ΪѾʥء
һ峤Ϸ·ʲôһ㣬ȻֵĹ˵һ顣
Ϲбų⣬ٴ峤ʵ˵һʼǵһ޴ͷ
ǡ
޴ͷżҵľѧѵǸżҵˣ
˵ǣҶСնɱǼŲżҶҶС統Ȼն֮죬ǣҶСʵѾˣҪҶС糹նɱҪصĴۣǾ뵽˼޻ȫ޻ҶС磬һǾܹ赶ɱˣܹϹһʵһ˫񣬺øư
Ҳ³çȲһĺá
峤ϣ²ô˵㶼Σڷ֮ڲɳȥڼһָΪɸϹ쿴峤˵
лл峤Ĵᴦû峤Ϲ˵
ҶСһ£עĶУնɱϹǸˣһ飬żҵĻǾԲܷŹǡϹɢŵ֮˵
ˣûѪӰǵϢϹʵ
೤϶ҡҡͷ
¾ԲɵģʼǵĴУڵݷĳıһѪӰϢ㱨Ϲ˵
峤
ڶһ磬ҶСĽѩŮżɱȥҶСΪò˼ӵʱ͵ˡ
ҶС򸾼ΪˣǼҶСƯĶϱǸ˵ĺϲ£죬ӨȫԼĹŮҲʮֵ顣
ŷǧĽѩˣ򸾶ŮദĺܺãҶϲҶС磬ϲüҡ
ҶСĸһһȥȪе飬򸾴Ӧȴ˵һ
飬ҶСһ㣬˵ԼѺϻ⣬׬ЩǮȪ˷ӣǮ飬üٲˡ
ʱǼϲֵģҶС类ƭ˵ȵȣĸΪǲٲġ
ĸʱûȥȪеҶСҲûǿֱڸӲһ󷨣һֹܹ߽룬ͨƣӾܹٴΣ
ڼʱ䣬ҶСŮͷȪС
ȪлǺһƽޱȣҲ֪һƽܹ೤ʱ䡣
ǧѩǻˣôͰûʲôɣǻع飬ͯʵлм
Ͱ̶ܺãûʲô˵С۸ǣǸ˵Ǹ˽ǵ飬Ҳûʲôֻ˵ʱȪпĽѩ˵¶һ˿Ҹӡ
ǾͺãǶ°̲ͬ⡣ͯЦ˵΢΢һŨŨϲɫһ˿ΣҲһ
Ӽعһֲ棬ҶСһһʱʱָһŮΪӹõҲ⡣
ԪϣҶСսʮʥ֣һ֮ȫնɱʵǿһʱ紫˿е˶֪ҶСôһ͵ˡ
ħҲд£µϸ̡
ܶ˶ˣҶСһϸ϶ħϳ˰ҶСΧ˼ʹϵȵȡ


1318 ŷ
ףҶСڷͻȻ·Ǹоʲôһ㣬¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ȫʮ๫⣬һСɽڲͿһռ䣬ܵұϿ·Щ·ڸϢڵһ󷨡
ɽڣһգ壬ڿѪɫ·ޱȣӴѪӿڣЩѪ̺пֲŷ·ܹء
·ĵϣһ·ǵһ㣬Ƿŭ־塣
߻оžʬ壬Щɫ԰ףûһ˿Ѫɫ
ͻȻ䣬յ˫ĿһųǰĿռҲ
ڹΪ˵һ䣬˫Ŀһͷӡ
ˣҵΪһԺֻܽʥֵѪˣ쾳Ѫ죬ߣҶС磬ҳ綼ᳬ㡣˵оǷŭĺ⡣
ˡ䡷ŷġ
һץһͱץУָһһų˲䣬ϵĶͱˣѪͣ
ŷ·ɢ롣
ãһ˿˿ʺдһ˿ɫѪҺѪҺ̺ſֲ·ӵл֮ܡ
ŷ̺֮Ѫ֮˵ʵͿЩ
һ˿˿ѪҺŷϵѪɫ··Ϲâʤ·ǻһ㣬ͣš
ֻһ䣬ûѪһ԰ףʧȥѪ֮׵ıΪһͨˣҲԣͨ˵ǿܶࡣ
ŷ¶һ˿ôһѪ֮
˵꣬һץĲӾͱšˣһ˵ϡ
꿴һеĿֲ֮ɫŨˣΪжƣ޷֫
ŷģû뵽ộȻ֮ͬ˶ɱԽԽˡͻȻһһ˿ĳŪ
һŷһ˫ĿбųϬĹâռѰһߣûҵ˵Ӱ
˭ҹŷĴһ˵ǿֲõɫò԰иѪҺ
Ƕˣ㾹ȻҵʱǵٴƬռ£˲һӰҶС硣
ҶС硭ŷҧ޺޵˵Ŀ޲ðҶСƤҶС⡢ҶСѪ
ûбҪɣ֮ĳֲ̫û뵽ΪѾʥһˣ죬аûһ³ġҶСϴЦ˵
סڣҽһжǰͣҪ㣬һʱ򣬷ңҲܹͻƣܾ˼İۣҵҫҪɱ㣬ҶС硭ŷķŭĺе˵Ҫ֡
ɱҵģѵûпⲻһѣɱˣ飬̬⣬һеĸֶܸңͬŲҲܸңǶûһ£˵⣬ڿѾһ·ҶСװģ̾һ˵
ŷĽضҶС磬һŻָ˹ĿҶСʵ㾿ʲô
ʲôɣǺû뵽ȴôһĻ㾹ȻնɱŷӣŷһѪǹ죬ǧ飬ǼѪͲںϣû뵽㾹ȻһҶСĿŷġ
ýţǧйǷֻ룬Ҳɱ㣬ҲὫ¸Ǽˣ뿴ŷǺǡҶСε˵ԼĿġ
ѵͲ·ŻɽȵԺնɱ𣿡ŷ˫ĿУųѯʵ
£ԶԽҡҶСʮ˵ƺͲŷķ
ߺߣҪôԴһһᳬԽ㣬ݺݵĲڽ£ѩ衣ŷļЦһ˵
Ҫ׷ˣԶսʤҡҶСҡҡͷ˵ˣ֪Ǽһжʥ֣
ŷ飿ŷЦһʵŷͲܹԿģĻ۾ж˭Ҳ֪
ͱˣֻ֪ŷʵҶСƽ˵
Ҳ֪ڿԸϣǼʥֻһٶˣǣж٣Ͳ֪ˣϵ֪ʶٺٵһ֣ǶڼеһռǼĴˣ˶ٸ֡ŷ˵
ŷĵĻҶСһЩȻȻӵô֡
ôûˣŷĳĿҶСһۡ
ҲûģڲŶʮ꣬еʱ䣬οڲǻ𣿺Ǻǣˣ˿ˡҶС絭һЦ۵Ӱɢˡ


1319 
۪ˮǣڣڴϵҶС˫Ŀը˼ȻôаĹŷˣôҶһͷߡ
߳˷䣬ŷǧķУŷǧҳ
ΪѾȹˣͻƵˡҶСסŷǧ˵
ŷǧžϷһ˿Σ˵ͷͻƣٹһ
ҲáҶС˵һ䣬˫оʹ·˽ȥζǹ⻬ͬеļҶСԳ֡
ôʱ䣬ѪӰȻûκϢȱһ㡣ҶС磬ŷǧһûз
ŷǧô˵ҶС˫ͣԷǸ֮ϣǹ
ŷǧ˼ڣȻ˵Ǳ߳˴£˵ʥɢ䣬Ӱһ֣ܶ˰ٲȫΪǣǵӰһһƻˣ˺ʶǸ˵ĿƺҪ
ʲô룬ҶСʵ
Ѿȫ˰̵ƿأҲǰõĿܣѾΪǵḶ́˵޵˶ǰ̵ͽȻҲװϮ̵Щ˸ͷ˻ŷǧ˵
ޣǿֲҲԣǱ̫ˣԲûˮȣֻҪ⣬Щ˻̵˵ĹҶС˵
ʲô飿ҶС˫΢΢һ
ŷǧһ죬гϰĸָˣռӢΧһЩСңǵ٣Ϊȴܸߡ
᣿ЩѪҶС粻ʵǲǰ̵𣿡
̵ҲлĵߣЩ˲ǵ壬˰̡ŷǧ˵
ǹ񻰴˵еǰİɣҶСʵ
񻰹ഫѪһȣǵ޵һӣǵ޵һӽǲǲһλˣǸˣӣǶҪϵ۷׳ԼһЩͶʵϵۿǲĹƷûпظģǲ뵽Ұ⣬Ȼնɱǲϵ֪£ΪŭǱͷˣѪΪʳ
ȻŲ񻰹и
ǣ˵Ҳͨˣǿ㴴˳һרѪҺĹĳֱ죬ĺܹ쳤СЩһЩ伮ϼصģͲˣȻ伮ϵĶҲ̫ɿŷǧ˵
УʲôħֶˡҶСź˵
ԶԣǻĻƽһ㣬ÿ춼սŷǧ˵
ҲҪƽˣһЩѪӰȫӿ˳ʥǿߣûֹܹǣοܹ壬ֻҪȲǸ˵ľѪʩչһ˿Ϊ͸ֲǣƹҿѧԺЩоֱĸ֡ҶС˵˫ŷǧĽߡ
ŷǧһϵĺӣһֱ˰Ĳϣ˫Ŀˮ̺顣
ʱһӴƴһӿپ£ŷǧлָһ˿
ӣͻˣѾػͦġҶСЦЦ˵
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ãҶǵĳɾͶҡҶСЦЦȻסŷǧ촽
ǻ޵ߣԺҪƶ򡣡Ľѩ
ʱˮһξ죬ҶСͻȻ䣬ֻǳĵ绰
ҶС΢΢һ㶣ɻѣҹĳô˵绰Ȼв⣬ҶС绹ǽ˵绰
ҶС硭𣿡дһ˿ƺе㺦¡
ңôˣҶСĵʵͬʱչ˲ͷ˳ڣȪжߺСڵһ㵥Ԫ¥С
ֻһˣʱڱи绰΢΢һ֪Ǳʲôסˡ
ҡһڼңղſһӰӴӴԱ߷ɹɲɰҿ˵
ãҶСӦ绰ЬӾʧˣЬʱ򣬴˯СĿڴУСѾϰҶСһĿڴдˣ·ҶСĿڴѡ
ķ䲼õ嵭ţһɵռ΢΢ҶС˲ͳˡ
桭ҶС˹ȥģڱѵĳ档
űһһԣ岻ͣĲŲӱзҪҪ
ҶСЦһ£϶ǳ潫ʲôµĶˣһ˿˷еĵƣȻֽϵı˿
ҪҪһ壬˫е
ι桭ҡҶС˵һ˿ӣܹˡ


1320 ֹ
ƺҶСֹͣ˼УŤͷƿ˫֣ҶСʱ᲻ϵ˳
ҶС硭һȻ˵ҶСĻУ·ǿԼһ㡣
ҪˡҶС첲汧ڻУοǰοСһ㡣
ѾǵһκͳˣǹϤĵζȻϣȻô
ҶСһ߰οųһչ鿴ȥͻȻ䣬ڳⶰ¥¥ϷĳЩ쳣
¥ϵ¥ϣܰһɳϣƽӺܰף˫ĿŵĹâ֪ЩʲôһּΪĸо
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ƬһĿڣǣȴźͺӣڷõһЩﶼûжҲһ㵭ıңܲȻܲЭ
ҶСٴνעϣڷӲԾĵطĿʱʱתͷྐྵȻûڵѪҺ·һһ㣬ȫ˵ˡ
׼һȥǣ뻹Ƿˣ۵Ϊ̫ˣҪŪס
οһ棬ת˺ܶ࣬ȫǺΣҶСϣ·ҶСɣ¶Ľߣижиӡ
þã뿪ҶСĻĽëգ·˵ʲôУˮתһ⣬ƺ¿ҶС磬ȥìܡԥһݶص
ҶСһ˳û˰ɣ
ûˣлл㣬ղŶԲЦˡ濴һҶС۾ȻĿƵ˱𴦣Ůɬ
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ղżΪİɫ黨˯£Ľ֣ȻͦظɰС޳¶⣬ޱˡ
һͻ˽ţпɫɫཻĺףƳҶСһֿۣŤͷģҪɬжɬһ˫ۺɫĿɰϣ㷲վҶСǰ˵˵Ѿˡ
ҶС˵ͷһâзȫ˲ʧһͳڵķڣһƾװ޵ˮƴ򿪣ηƹһ㣬˫ֵסӡ
С磬Ǹղ˴ҷĴȥ񻹶ҿһӣʲôµһ㣬ϽסҶСҶС
ҶС˵ͷ˫Ŀâų·ܹһС
˭ܵҼʲô۾ʵϽ뿪ȻҾҪˡ
֪Ѿ𣿡ҶСûлش⣬Ƕʵ
ɫһ䣬¶ŵӣܿȶһĲˡ
£ųױȵıӴȥ
㻹ܣҶСЦһ˫Ŀйâһ죬һɿµֱӱһε˻
飡
صˤ˵ذϣҶСǰ߳һֲƱһҲǿ־塣
˵˵㵽ô£ҶСʴ
ӹԹԵ˵Լ飬˵ϵʱڴϳСԣͻȻʧȥʶʱ򣬷Լе㲻ޱȣʳκʳﶼԣһȵѪҪȥ
ӻţȫҧˣѪҺԴӺѪҺǿȾͱˣҲԼܹ࣬߱ڡ
ӺźͺӵѪҺÿϳȥѰѪҺʳٽŪˣҲǺ𾯷Ļɡ
ӵĻҶС˼У˵þǣѪӰʱɴ˿붼ѪӰֽ塣
ǣûʧȥѪڶһаҶС벻ˡ


1321 ر
ҶСͷ˼һָйâųγһŹâ֯ɵĴؽڵطӰ
ɲǼ䣬âʧڣҶСָвùâ۳ɵ˿Ȼƿأͷ·ֳڴӴ򣬲һ˿ȴд˾Եţһֶա
һ䣬ҶСһһŻɫϢ˳˫һգֱԲ񾭻ȫȻʧ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣黹ѳƿأΪڽЩаĺȻע뾫Ӿܹڿ뷨̫ˡ
˿йâŻɫҶС罣üһйâ˿߳Żɫȫһ˿϶ûеİһͷӵʬʱ⣬ȻŻɫһվˣָϴŵĴָڡ
öָҶСԼöһöŷǧʱҪԣһЩ鼮ҶСɴ
㸸ĸʲôʱҶС翴Ǿ֮ɫĳʵ
˵죬ÿ˵죬඼һݵʱ䣬ǸʱѾѧˡ¶һĨȻ
ҶСųͳǴŵζķС
ʰһ£סǱ߰ɣѧУͦģһвˣһסȷʵЩµҶС˵
ҶСĻ΢΢һ㶣漴¶һ˿Ϊ֪ĵЦݺ⣬˵ͷȻʰһԼ·еԡ顢ƿױƷȵȣȫһںɫ˷С
ʰúҶСų˲ʧʥʥʵҶС˵Ͳ⡣
ֻһɹâҫǰһһ̾ͳһĿС
ͻȻ䣬İĵط˭Щ棬һֲװ޾ºҾߵɫöǾһѡϸĥиǺ
ǲҶСŮӻüŲŮ¥
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ڳŮʱŮҲڴų棬ͬʱҲ˿ҶС硣
쵽ŮҶС絭һЦͻȻоӿ˹ȥȴĽѩҧ촽ЦҶС綼˸Թ̫ˣ
ŮȻû˵ʲôҲԹĺúõģͻȻ䣬һˣܸое㲻ˬ
ҶС֪Ůˡ
λãӭǵĴͥΪŮУͯЦ˹ȥųе˵
лл㣬ҽг档Ľһѹûͯе˼ͥǺһһ˵š
Ҫ룬ǴͬѧϵĸĸȥˣղǼ¥һѾˣǻţǱѪҧһһסе㲻ȫҴס죬ţһе顣ҶСŮŵʧˡ
˵ĶʵǣͯǶţΪⶰͯרΪ˷ڼΪһ´ҡ
Ů˿ûΪҶС뿪Գѯʣһ
ȪУһ¥ϣҶС羲վǲãǿ΢΢һ̾Ů˶˻鷳
ͻȻָеĶȻһ绰¸࣬ʱһУһ͵
ҶСȫչԲϰķΧƿ֮УָоǾ֮ϵڸܿܿһж֮С
ʱѾҹȻкܶڽΪ⵽ҲΪҺڻ̯λ
ɫɫˣֶ£˸ӵᣬС㣬ڳĽˮнԶܹԼ
䣬ҶСĸһ˿
ûж೤ʱ䣬ҶСҶСУһмϢӰ˹һࡣ
ҶСרͷųԼϢ䣬ͳĿǰлһˣ˫Ŀͨ죬Ľɫâƣڷӡһ׻꣬ɷڳ
һѪӰ֣ѪӰָոսڣȻҴסˡҶСɻĿ⣬һɫװ͵ȻҶС˵Ǿʬأ
ҶСһͷǾʬ廹ŻɫͱҶСӴָȡ
㻹ѪӰ֮Ѿʥˣ㾹Ȼܹץסǲ򵥡ҶС絭һЦ˵
ˣϢűץסˡ˵һ䣬ȻǾʬŻɫн·оʲô
ҶС翴˿ڵϵǸˣһΧǸϵĽɫâͱҶС绮һӡ
һѪӰٷɳܡҶСһץ·Ƭռ䶼ҶСнС
˲䣬ǵѪӰ˻ҶС۳һѪɫ


1322 Ե
һԵ࿴ҶСһۣû˵ʲô
ҶС˫ĿԱ̽ѪУһʱ䣬ҶСջĿ⣬ɫеأһӣѪӰ·ɽڣͬʱâǾγһĻ׵ĽѪӰεĽǾС
֪ôˡҶС¶صɫ˵
ŶɻĿҶС硣
Ǹ˱ѪӰѪͳ߹һ壬ѪӰѪͳ߹һѪӰϵĴڣ̺һа֮ǵٶȵȵȶӺܶ౶ܹͳͨѪӰ֡
Ϊ߹ѪǶԼĽǾǲͨ˵ľѪֻҪʥ־ѪǺԼѪܵȾǸ˱ѪӰѪ߹ĸ壬ûбɣԷ뿪󣬲а֮˱Ϊ˻ˣѾˣԲȻԣֻҪǹа
ǸΪаӰȡźͺӵѪҺǣ϶аźͺҲӣ촦Ļ»ԽԽ˱ǸӣĩƬеɥʬ
ҶСĻɫóһȷʵ鷳ˣȽЩȥȪе鷳ˡ
ģֻҪΧڷ飬ҶȥġҶС˵ͷ˵
ˡĿ¶һ˿ĸӣȻЩȫĿҶСһۣƿնȥ
ӰΧʧҶСǵʹǴ򿪷ӡ֪ͨӡͨʲôط
᲻ѪӰ֮ʲôϵ
룬ҶСص˲صԼķУһ󷨣ʱʱͷųԼȫȪеһ״֮С
ȪУһ̵ĵطһֻҰޱȵűһ彩ӲĴڲ˳
˫ĿкųзͬҰһĵͺ忴ܽӲˣÿһܹ׵ľ롣
ͻȻ䣬ؼ£ҶСӰγɣһܳӾͱĳĩһǷ˵ʬȼ˲ޡ
ѾǵˣѾʧȥǰļ䣬ֻʣ˱ܣ֡ҶСüͷ˵
һ̣ҶСɢˡ
죬ҶС綼һĶãնɱʮǽʬһĴڡ
Ϊ͵ԵʣŮҲҶСͳ֮ȷʵʲôϵûС
ƽ˺ܶ࣬ǣײӿ
ѪӰһǹа֮ѾħˣΪʱûҵѪӰֵԭֽìͷЩˡ
ϣȪУҶСһ߿ƼƷǾоһ͸۾ֻҪϾܹԵĿڲѪӰ֡
ҶСϲָ߿ƼƷоԤʾܹѪӰˣҲ޴䡣
ڻûγɴģʮΪҶСǹ֯ˣҷаԵʣŸҶС緢һ
ղһ·ûзһѪӰ֣ڿӦȫĳȥˡɫص˵
ҲͲҪˣȽΪȥ˵ҪȻЩʥѪӰ־Ͳ̫ˡҶС翴˵
ţھͻȥڳĶǹ֯ʥˣҲһǶ֪ʥЩѪӰǿ߶䣬Ϊ˱ֻ֤ܹӡ˵
ӱãҲ뵽ʱ򿴵һѪӰռࡣҶС翪Ц˵
鲻֡˵
һֿˡ
ҶСŸ߿ƼƷڴϹһȦһѪӰ඼ûз֡
ںܶط뽩ʬһ壬ǵʵǺǿֻҪ֣ͱնɱˡ
ҶСȻӣ󷨡ָŮת۴ѧĵڶѧڿʼˣѧУлָķ·µİ߲Ӱ˵ꡣ
ѧһֹע飬֮ĶŴ£ĳЩ˵һгΣӲ綼ϳˣΪ˴壬ǻûдϷȻҲЩĿȷѧΪԺлȡѧƴѧϰظŵ
ѧ죬ͰᣬҲ֪˱ЩŮÿһҶСϵǳĿǰ˵ҶС粻ֻͬѧϵѣסЩϰߡ
ѧҶС˵Ͳѧһģһû˿Ӱ죬ں󣬾ҲûȥϿΡ
һں糿ҶС绹֮УͻȻ䣬ŷǧƿ˽ɫΪء
ҶС˫Ŀһ⻪һţʵɫÿӣǲǳʲôˣ


1323 Σ
ŷǧ˵ͷ¶һĨǣħзһ棬Ϊ֮λնɱ˵ţҲʦɽ֮׷ɱ
ʲô⻰ҶС󾪣漴üͷҡҡͷģͲˡ
ȷʵ̵ֻ֮˵Ϊ˶ȡ֮λնɱʦţֱǳ
ҲţǲʲôãҪȫ˶ţ̵ĴһΣգȥܹҲֻˡŷǧ˵
Ȼȥȣڲ֪֪֪巢ʲô飿ҶС̧ͷʵ
ȵȡŷǧ˵һ䣬˳ȥһ䣬ŵ˽ԵݵҶСǰ
棬㿴ŷǧָҳ϶һͼ˵
ҶС翴ȥֻͼд˼д֣̣ʾ򴥷ɣ֮λв쳾ΪϻۣΪγѡ˭֪ЫŴ֮λδŭնɱţأڵӲ£֮·ѱѪӰֿƣа֮ˣλ֮ͬնɱҪɱΡ
һֺҶСЦһдã˵߱ɱſ϶˱ŰŰɵ̬ȣ˵̱ѪӰֿˣ»оųɵš
˼һ£ҶСйâ˵ǧʲôϢ͸Ҵ绰֪ͨңˡ
ŷǧ˵ͷĴѲ³طʲô飬붼Ϊ̵ĻعɵģѾȷ֮λǿʵп϶овֻܹȥ
ֶȡ֮λͺ͹Ŵʴȡ֮λһÿһλ̤ɭɭ׹ǡ
һĽ߱ɱֶΣһĽ档
ɽλڻӶǧ๫ͦΣɽѩ˵ΪԴͷء
ȪбʧҶСϽɽȥҪ˽һ¾巢ʲô飬̵İȫ棬ֻҪһᴫȥġ
ûö೤ʱ䣬ҶСɽһһɽ룬͵֣ɽΡ룬಻ϡ
һʵķ嶥ϣҶСվϣ˫ĿԶڿɽɽУɽͬɽ֮ʣɽѩӲ⡣
ЩҶСעģҶСעɽɽϷһΪ޴ʵɽ壬ɽɽеɽ
Ȼһ˸Ϳɽ壬ֻΪһܹ
ҶСɣк磬һɽǰ
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ˮΧȼܻϻȼգŲ𣬷ĸϵֱ޾ա
Ȼǰ˵ɽǴûһμͷޱȡ
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ҶС˫Ŀйâ֣Բûһ˴ڣɽΪ󷨵ıܹ룬ɽ󷨸ޱȣҶСҲֻܹһ˿Ƥë
룬ϲõĹâֲϯգһҶСϳ˺ѿռ䣬ƣضΪ֮ʧɫ
ʲôˣȻɽΧʱһŮɽϹ£ƴޱȣϵơ
ҶСͷųƣɵĸ֣רôģҪȻ֪ʲôʱܹһ֮ˡ
ǵؼɽΧ΢΢ߵӰ˲֡
ЩӰòŮӣΪɲ⣬ʥ֡
ǰһŮӣ˫Ŀһ˪ΪѾʥ۷塣
ʲôˣŮۿҶС˵
һ£һ£ôһ£ҶС翴żŮʵ
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׿նɱǵţҶСʵ
ǰΪ˵ģ㵽ʲôˣŮĿйâ¶һ˿ɱ⡣
ҶС硣
Ůӻһ𾪵˵ҶС磿
ҶСĴɵ˵Ȼ˵Ƕ֪ҶС̵ĹϵǳҲ֪ҶСʵǿޱȣһҹնɱʮʥ֣Ѿ硣
ЩŮж¶һ˿ɵ
ǲûм˼ˣο£⣬ûˡΪ׵Ů˵
ɲԸҵ׷ʲô飿ҶС綢ЩŮʵ


1324 ҵ
ܵҶСϵϢŮԥһ£˳ԶԶûиղһʱʢˣ󣬶ҶСܲҲòԼǰ˵Ķ֡
ԭ̻عغÿ˵϶ЦݣΪͻƵʥ
һʱгһǾǺܿҪĴ½ٶΪţҲ֪Ϣ˭ģҡ
зֳһΪ½ٶڣԸϣǳʺϵΣһΪʵȻ֪ʲôԭ򱻳ŵλãǲɷϣǸʵ
½ٶΪûͻʥһɵʵȻҪǿ
ǰ½ٶ˾ͺܲͷ˵½ٶҪ̴ʮ꣬Ϊ̫ˣ⵽˼ʣԸԸ֮ʲô½ٶУһҪвɱҡеˡ
Ϊΰдѹ̣֪˴£Ȼܵ˳ͷһǰصͬѡŵѡԴ˺½ٶ͵˲١
˭ϵֱŵѡѡΪ½ٶ
̻عϣɵĳϺŶڴ±ֳĬȻ̵ڳ֮λûûţдΪԶ֡
ǰ˵ź̳ʱŵܴû֪Ϊʲô
糿ʱȥţһʱ˷žȻͻȻˣһΪȫʧˡ
еϣȥ̵ʱ̾Ȼ٣뿪أһӾ˵⣬ŲնɱģΪҪ뿪
꣬ŮӵĻҶС룬¿϶ֽţԭ붼Ϊ˶ȡ֮λɣҶСʼվ¿ֲôļ򵥡
л档ҶСŮ΢΢ͷȻʧˡ
ҶСʧŮɫһŤͷŮ˵ղŵǧҪ˵ȥǶҪŵԸ֪ġ
ǣסŮ˵
ﳤϣŵǲʦúģһŮʵ
Ϊ׵Ů˫ĿųǺˡ
ԲﳤϣҴˡ
·ǿŮһӣΪﳤϵŮɫ΢΢һ֪̾¿³˵˺͡˭Ҳǽȥɣ
ΪﳤϵŮӴŮɽ
Զ֪ٹ⣬ҶСվһվĸɽɽΧĿռ䣬þãص̾һ»鷳ˣƺӶϴˣҪҵ䣬Ϊ¸͵ֵסЩΪʥǿߡ
ѽѽʱСҶСĿڴб˳Ľϣ۾ϵգţ·ǸҶС˵ʲô
ҶСһ㶼
Сһ߱Ȼһ߽ţҶС㶵ӣСĿҶС硣
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СŤͷҶСһۣ·˵㻹̫Ȼ󷵻ҶСļСצӣҶСָһ
СָʾҶСǰɱȥ
СʱʱɫСӣ·ʲôһ㡣
ܿСʱʱѾȥˣСָʾҶСһС
ĸ򣿡ҶСʵ
С¶һ˿ɻȻŬᣬȻɻƬ̣¶ƵӣһҶСĿڴС
ҶСֽӿڴ˳ʵ֪Ǹ򣿡
СֻССĶԴͷһ֪˵ӡ
СӣҶС֪ҲˣȻ˿ڴУȫչ
УкܶߣУһƬУкܶߣȻɵΪ
ҶСһĲ鿴УǸûз̡
֪̻ݣǣϵζı䲻ˣһûҵҶСҪʱͻȻһоһ˿΢΢Ĳ
һ˿ĲʮһһѨС
ҶСϸ鿴ȥֶѨһʯͷʯͷɢŵĲ
һ˲ʧѨУĿͶǸʯͷ
Ŀһһâ˫Ŀлɫ䣬ʱУһʯͷ̱ˡ
ɫ԰ޱȣ촽ѣһ˺ۣһֱҿ貿ѪһЩϸ΢ëϸѪܶ˳ĿģѪҺѾֹͣǣ˿Ȼֲ֡
һ΢ĹâüĴɢüĴһ΢ĿҪС
һâκ˵۾жһεʯͷҲҿҶС񹦣ܹα
ҶС絥һһâ֮Ҫǵ΢ĹĤƣǵĤ쳣ͣâ֮ϣĤûƿ
ҶСаƿǣֺ˺̣һʱ䣬岻


1325 
һǶ̵ͥλãҶС粻֪һǷͥڵӤϵһնǵâ𺦣˺ӤǾ͵òʧˡ
ҶС֮£ĵâһ̣ҶС磬ɲԽΧǵâ
·ˣǲ㵭â΢΢
һҶСٴη˼ǵâ̵üġ
ʱ̵峹׵ı¶˳ϲһ˿ڣкܶϸ΢˿ڡ
֮⣬ڲ˺ܶѿڣǱֲѵģڣڣкܶں΢Կ
˿ΧĻҶСִâͷϢĳڶ˻þͺûѨһ㡣
ҶСͷһһƽĴðʵޱȣâۣҶС˿Ƴɴ̣һ죬̵ƯŴϡ
Ҫҷ㣬ҲΪơҶС˵·Ǹ˵
һâ֮ųһ̵¾ͱ˿кɫ£·ִˣǹŴһ㣬ŹغͶǶ
»ƣһ¶ҶСĽ·ߣʱüĴǵâַ·ҪֹҶС硣
ҶСȳ֣һεһӽǵâѹסˡ
Ŀƣ˺ʱ̲סһ¶ϧǰļ·Ǳһ㣬˺
ҶСйâӿڲһȻΪˣ˫ûǰļȻȻܹܵ΢΢Ⱥ
ҶСİ֮£һСʱʱ䣬ȫˣȻƤȫˣûһ˿˺ۣƤ㻹Ҫһʱ侲ܹϡ
ϱƺ˺ҶС綼оԼƲĿ⣬ǰļӨ񣬶ܹϹĳЩ˵
˼Ϣһָһ̵ǰΪڲơ
ҶСڶϸĴ̼ܴһԼһ߹ؼľԵڣӣܹٽƵĺת
Сʱ̵ƾͻָһЩҶСҲָֻܹһ㣬ʣľҪԼˡ
꣬ҶС粢ûоʹջ֣Ǽ˼ŮӵĸʻԲϣղΪƲܹģڲж
֪㲻ռˣҶС󣬾ָв˵
˵أʱһֻ̲԰׵ϷĺΣͬززһҧ΢΢ѵ촽ʲôһ˫Ŀǳո̽Ʋĳɬдŭ
ҶСһЦ˵ôˣ
Ҫǲҵûܿˡһ˫ĿᳯһƳԼİɫӶֵ˽ܲλ̧ͷҶС˵
㿴ҵҽˡҶСǺһЦĿ˿û뿪˼Ů˼ֻҲһ
ֵµɳ̲ϵĺˣдһ˿΢ȣᡣ
㱾ˣڱ˻ûռ˵ƺеգƺǼװġ
ûռˣڲ鿴ڵƺЩûУţѾˣҿԷˡҶСԲѡ֮˵˵꣬ջƵʱ򣬻̽΢΢һϵĺζܹˮ
̸ոѹȫжֻҪԼתĿϢ
ô˻ᣬҶС˫ֻһ䣬һɴƳɵİɫȹա
ʱѾѪ߰ߵ·סԼ壬ԷֹҶСռˡ
ϰɣͲڵˣҶ˺óʱˣٺ١ҶС罫ȹݸ̣Ц˵Ŀкмֲ⡣
ҶСĻ̺޲ҶС磬ݺݵĵҶСһۣתȥҪ·
ҶСܲԸתһ̾ʹ·
ֶܶ㣬ͲҪԼˣҴֱӻȥҶС翴˵
ʦˡ˵Ǳʹݽҧ촽
֪ʹɵˣ緢˹棬˵㱻ѪӰֿƣ߱ɱţȻ룬ص˶㣬֡ҶС翴˵
ҲΪģһ˫ĿҶСʵ
ΪĻ㣿Ǻǣ֪㲻ˣɲ˵һµ׷ʲô飿ҶСѯʵ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷ˵
ϣҸʦ˵һȻ뿪أ׼㡣˵̿һҶС磬Ȼ˵ڰ·ʱʦŵĸסң˵ɱʦҪնɱ
˵ţ̵һ˫Ŀз˾Өˮʦͬĸһ㣬Ȼôˣֱ͸ˡ
¿϶Ԥıģ˵㻹ʦˣҶСٴʵ
ţΪʦţǸأˣҶʦ˵볹뿪أʦʱˡ̽͵


1326 ѰҲ
Ȳ˵ˣȻȪУǧǻܹһЩ˿ҶС˵
šѹеʹ˵ͷ
ҶСйâӳ˰һȻʧˡ
գɽǰֺһɽڲһŶʧĹڣһǳɫȹװŮһϡ
ŮɢһǿƵʣͷ·Ǹ߸ϵŮĴ½ٶ
½ٶǰվһŮӣŮɫƺһ΢΢ľ¡
ûҵ̵𣿡½ٶĿһ̧ʵһ΢΢бķĿâһǿɢһָ߲ʵӡ
ţûСŮС˵͵͵һ½ٶӴŷâʱϽͷ
ѰңѰҲͲҪҡ½ٶ˵
ǣšŮӹ˵һȻ˳˷䡣
̲ʳѰʲôע⣿½ٶʵ
ʱһұĹװŮӴӷ˿ʴ˳˵ܹնɱȻãնɱҲ£һѾӰ첻֮λˣѾҪˣںܶ˶֪߱ɱʦأ򣬾ͱҪأؾ֮ء
Ǹطûҵ𣿡ұŮʵ
ûУ֮Ļռ𣿡½ٶʵ
Ůߵ½ٶǰĸָ·ĳħղŻǿޱȵ½ٶϳһĨ졣
Ǹռ϶ڵģҹɵЩϹС
ܰɣ˵ɵǰڽڡ½ٶе㲻ŵ˵
أǺǣֻǸӣҳǸطʱΪΪǺܶ࣬ͳһⶼûСұŮ˵֣½ٶͦĻԲ̽ȥ
۪ˮǣűУҶС硢̺Ůһ׻˵Ƥ̽Լعȫ˵һ顣
ȻŮʼʲô££ǶΪ½ٶйأǲ֪½ٶôģŵʵܸߣ½ٶͲǶ֡
̵꣬Ļ˶Ĭ˼⡣
ų㣬½ٶĿҪصնɱҪиʵһ㣬϶ˣˣ϶ŵľӿ϶ᾪ֣ۺӦ½ٶִڡŷǧƲ
Ҫµʼĩɽǣʵֽ׶ûʲôֻܵȵСΪﵽֲɵʱ򣬲ܹĽ룬ҪȻʹƲ֣ҲûţԷңڣҵ˼Ӧסŷǧ˵
¶һĨʹһ˿ɱ⣬˵ͷȥָˡ
˵һ䣬ʧˣصԼķ䡣
Ҳȥͯ˵һ䣬ȻҲ˷䣬½˷䣬׼
ԽԽˣоһıϢŷǧ˵
òѪӰıҶСüͷ˵
֪񲻵ңҲһ֯ڶеҡŷǧص˵
ˣˣҳʲôӣֻҪܹȫУΪҪǽǵΪߣҪˣŬɲҪС۹ˣҪǱóˣϲÿɣҶС˵
ʲôС۹츳ˣǳ飬֮УԺаֻС۹ˣֻҪѺȾˡŷǧ˵
û£еǷʱǾ֪ˡҶСЦЦ˵
ٲ׼ȥѧУˣŷǧʵ
ҲǲȥʵʱȥǺǣҲ֪ڵѧУ˶೤ʱˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
һҶСȥˣٴСһʱ󷨲óͬʱһ׼ʮȥһ֮ز鿴һ£ûʲôϣʱ󷨵Ĳǹؼ
ҶСһһΪС󷨵ʱ򣬸ڲеìܶ˳ڶҲ˴ֵ
һ󣬸ϹŶûгֹ·֪һ㡣
ħ֯ĸ֣ڲ鿴̵ϢЩ˽ʬһ塣
ħ˵֯£ѾЩʬһȫնˡ
һֵܵϢϽЩѪӰȻû˿Ķ
ʱţʱһȥ±ǰ˺ܶ࣬ϵ·õ
ŵʱ͸·ľͶİ߲СȻʧѧУѧ֪жٰӡ
ããСϣҶСеĹâʧ˫ĿһС˵Ҳ뿪ʱˡ
仰˵꣬˾ʧˣǱ̵Ŀе֪ܶϡĲ϶Ϊطûб


1327 
϶ˣľأҲǳΪߴ½ǣããһƬӣ籩ϣ˵һˮȥֱӾͳ˱
Уû档
ʱѾ·ˣϼ½ů̫ղǹߡ
ͻȻ䣬ֱѩУһӰһӰҶС硣
ϼ½ͬ˵ĿẮ󡢸ΪɫĮǰããһƬɽҶС̾һ˵
ķмϸСıǺ絶ۣ·ǵһ㣬Ƥ΢һ˶佫Ƥơ
ͨ˵ǾأʲôʱҪСҶС˵һΣյϢоԼҵĺ԰һ룬ô߾ôߡ
ҶСʶչѰĲϣһǰһѰҡ
ףʲôϼ½Ѱ˰ҶСѰҵһ˿
ǰıɽвһͬĥһҫ͵ɫâĶ
һâ֮ҶСлռ𶯣һߴʮɵıɽ˲䱻ҶСն룬Ǹķ·ǽʯͷĶ¶˳
һ죬ǿ鶫ҶС˹ҶСǰıϡ
ͦģͬСزֹʮףлҶС˫Ŀйâ·鶫˸ͨ͸
ӦʯлǳҶС̫СˣеȥĻʢʲôˡ
ˣң鶫һԣǷʵҶС˵˫εĹâռ΢΢·ˮĲһ㡣
ʯҶСĹâ£ֽ⣬·һ㣬Щ־ȫȻȥֻ˾
Ǹʱ䣬ʯֻȭͷСͨɫ·գлеǹۼ
ȻôСȭͷСķ·ǰǿһʯҶСź˵
ͻȻ䣬ҶСԺ鶫һ׹ǲġ
лһЩ־־ȫȥӦþСܶˡҶСйâȭͷСʯٴСΪ˵һСҶСĿ£ʣĵһСʯΪһΡ
ú󣬿ȥε׹ҫɫâлйâת·̺һƬǿա
ͦƯġҶСĵ˵ͷȻѰҺʵĲϡ
ҶСϼ½֮ʱһͨΪɫĸɽϣһɫĽԣ·â
ʱɫڣʮɫɳۣɫ伮Ůվһжʮɵʮּܵǰ棬ʮּͨΪɫʮּϵĵҲǴɫʮּ治ĵ񣬻Ű߰Ѫ·Ǹոȥһ㡣
ʮּܵ͸¶һԶŵĲɣ֮ǰ߰Ѫˣ̺ſֲ֪˶¡
ڲվµŮ棬Լɽµɽϵİɫ̨ϣɫɽΧҲվɫɷεŮ
顣ѹѹһƬ֪мʮˣЩ˶ʥ̵ĽڣһΪΪ
ЩһϵƣŻûĵ伮Ҫж
ã컹һξ룬ܶˣ˵ãʮּΪϵǡ
̫ʱ򣬲õֱɽǸϣ·Ǳһ㣬ϹâתĽɫ·Ȼ֣̫âգͨɫ·ﵽߴʮּܵϡ
ʮּܵ׹ɣȻ䣬ǿƣһΪģӰʮּܵϡ
ʱ򣬸ɽ֮ϣɫ޾Ĺâ·һõ̫һ㣬ɫ̫ӳȤɫ̫˼ͶӰ
䷱̣׺ɣ棬ΪˣԸӳٵĵ
Щɫɳ۽ͽзЩ·Ǵꡣ
ʮһʥ̵ͽһ̼䶼һ£ǵ˫ĿӰɽɫ
˳һ㣬ϯ½һ̼䣬е˶
ϵ·Ǵع򣬵⶯к£Ϊǣؼ仨׷ס
ڴͬʱһɫͽɢƬɽ֮ϣĵϷȥǵӰС
ǵӰԽԽʵӰӣĵһģһ
ɽϰٹ⣬һɫվգ·Ϊһ塣
˫Ŀйâת·һ棬׺ɣбá
ǹˣҲһʹȻӵ˵һֹ¼ŵįվ۷
̫뿪֮ʱɽϱĹâĺϦ


1328 ɺӵ
ɽ֮ɽɫĹâȫʮּܵӰգڶâ飬·Ƿɶ˻һɵӰС
ɻصƬأһطЩƽҲԾǲΪԼΪ
֮ϣȻŻ꣬Щȫ۶ʵ塣
ʮּܵϵӰʵڿӣɫۣţ˫Ȼ´ɫĳʥ࣬һȱ֮ɫ·˵
ΪꡢѪ⡭ףؼԽԽ࣬ԽԽ˾ήң·ʮꡣ
ʱһص̾ϢͻȻؼ𣬽ƣгһֱ֮ʮּʵӰ˫Ŀ
˫Ŀƽˮ·ܹһУĸס
ףҵĺǰҵ³ɣҽҵĺڰƽĿ⿴¶ͼᶨ·𲦶عк£е֡
Щ˷·ǳ˲ҩһ㣬˺ܶ࣬Ϊˣÿɢʥ⣬һϡ
ҽֻȺУʮɫ۵Ľð̣·ȼһ㣬ѪӰ˳Ǵʥ֮»ͬѩһڡ
ҴڰҴˡ˫Ŀƽ̺һħ
ڰˡʥ̵ͽͽɼ
ͻȻŤƺƵĹâ·Ǻһк£۳˰ɫĹʮ԰ɫĹ
ʮּܵУһŰɫâദʱһöɢ׹ľ壬̺źƴ
öһӽಿλʵһģһʮ԰ɫΪһС
һɺƴİ׹ϱֱ˺ѿռ䡣
ңΰ˼һмࡢǳࡢ䡭
Үͻ겻㻹ǰװŪѣװʲôװȾѪ˭ࡣһƴһ̼䣬һӰվھһ⣬ɫ绨ҫ·˲Уоһ֮ˡ
û뵽㻹ڣ˫Ŀʥųᴩ˳ͶϷϡ
ҵȻڣû뵽ɣıôãгô˴˵󻹲Ǳˣ˴壬ֻʣһ˵ޱߵĳ޺ͳ
һ˵ҸûҪ㶯֣Ҫֹң㲻ҲúһӤǾ嵽˲ƽ˵
ҪҺΪһ࣬ǲһľּٴȱӣ˫ȾѪ㻹Դͷ˵
лղûֹҡ
ֹܹСѵǲ綼Ҫһս
Ĭ˵Ҫʲô
ϲı켣ˣȷʵȥһ˶Ҫһöֻʯ˵
ֻʯҪֻ̨ͨǸطˣҲ񡣡ӵĻһƽˮ·Ȱ׵һڶͽ¶һ˿ã
·Ǿ쵽Լʧ̬Ͻָ˹һƽӡ
㵱꽫ȫ˽ȥҪǵӢٻҪȻһ֣ڻ֪ʲôأ
ҲܹȥһǸطѿڣЩпܾȻɺӣҾԲЩҪЩһɶΣĶ˵
һ仰ȥȥ
ȥҲ衣
ʱ۲ųʹ֮ģһϣٴѰɣϵҫбĹâ
ǸӣΪֵ𣿡ǳƵ˵
ǶĹǣѾˣұǻع飬Ѿ͸ˣҸˣҲ˸ҡӼᶨ˵
ǵʵûлָͲ˵
ӵʹ֮ģʮԹ˭Ҳָ֪ʲôزοҲѲֻҪһöֻʯˣ˵
ѲŵϤζҪˣðɣȥһˣպ󡣡ε˵
һΪڵꡣһǰ߳һռ΢΢˾ʧˡ
Ŀ⿴ԶŹâ֪Щʲô
þã΢΢һ̾һˣһȰӣƽƬռ䣬ҴҵĺӽƸȨ
¹֮ϣһϮµ񾲾վ˫Ŀ¹תü΢·Щʲô벻
׷ʲô飿ҮͻôϤ˫Ŀ·𿴴˿ռ䡣
ˣܻġ΢΢һ̾Ȼת߻һ


1329 ʯ
ϼ½籩󣬱Σɽ·بŲֻأҲš
һʶ͵ɽͬһâĳںıϣɽһıϣһ޴Ŀ
һҶСһȭģʱڱĺѰĲϡ
Խ򺣵ףѹԽҶСںף·һɳΡ
ϼ½ѾʱˣĴָװһĲϣǻ໹ȱ֮һ
ָܴеĲҲܹãЧ϶룬еʱʱı϶ϼȫǵЧ
һ·ϣںףҶС˺ܶĺ壬ЩͲǣǵһеԭСҶСĿڴ˳ȥЩ棬㱻ˣһ֮µСϰٸųһ
вϡҶСɢԲﶼַΧڣһ̤Ǽʮ⡣
ʱĻûɾ磬˴ɣķΧԿ˲ﵽ
ҪԿռܹ
ףˮе¶˲١ǰҳεҶСо溣ˮ¶ȵı仯
ٶȼӿ˼֣ʱ䣬ҶС翴ԶĻɫҽӿܶຣһӴܡ
ҶС粻˷Щȵҽ˵в
ҽΧĺˮҷڣ·ǿռŤһ㣬ҺҶСĿˣ޵УûܵӰ졣
ͻȻ䣬ҶС۾ԼʮƽĳκɫʯһĶڳȵҽУЩ泬ζ𣬸ûڻļ
϶ʲôĲϣҶС´һץһ޴ĲϾͷɵǰ
â֮ųĲϻһ£һ׵ĺۼҶСϲĲѾﵽˡ
Ҫ֪ҶСΪâ֮һһ׺嶼׾ٵĻơ
աҶС罫ЩײĴָУĲ϶Ҳ֣ĴѰЩϡ
öռָװ󣬻ʣһʮƽ׵ĲϣĻ̫ϧˣһöָûװĲԶģǰȷʵ͵ģҶС约·һʲôͻǾ͵òʧˡ
ֱӴϰɣҪȻ̫˷ˡҶСӰһ˫ŲǿϣĿ£ǿϳ
ããһ޼ʣʮӰڱͬһ㣬ÿ϶ɢſֲƣһ֪ʵǿޱȡ
ľԭ֪ϼ½лʯҪǲ֪ĻôäĿѰңʲôʱܹѰҵһɫʿŮӶһɫ߷˵Ժһӡ
Щ˵ķװһ֪ǵˡ
֪֪ĻͲˣһ㹻ˡΪľԭӣ˦һԺıӣΪзȵЦЦ˵
˵Ҳǰϼ½Ѱһʯˣ֪ʯʲôáһ̷˵
޲󷨣ǲ󷨵ģ˵Ǳ߷˴£񲻵òã󷨺ٶȾͻӿܶࡣľԭΪ˽͵
䣡
ʱͻȻ䣬⣬һ޴ıɽͻȻ䱬ըˣ·Ϊ˿ֲİ˷ɱȥΧĿռ΢΢ÿһöըı鶼̺ſֲ
顭Χܶɽˡ
ʱһӰӸոձը·ɳӰȻҶС硣
Ӻ׳ʱ򣬿б㣬붼ûֱӾһȭһȭһɽ򱬡
ô£
ˣȥ
Сһ㡣ľԭ˵һ䣬ȻҶСλ÷ɱȥ
ҶСгŵɲǿϣǿϴĳҶСշ
ףˣˣα־׺ߣվյҶС統ȻҲЩˡ
һ䣬Ⱥ˾ͳҶСǰһ׵ĵطͣĿҶС硣
ʹӸղűɽıըǾ֪ҶС粻򵥣Ϊ϶ޱȡ
ľԭ㿴Ǹ˵ĽŵǿʯͷǲǻʯľԭŮӵ˵˷ܵĹâ
ʯ״ṹɫ𣬻дкɫɫԽʯϵƷԽߣµʯͷȷʵǻɫһǾӨӨ͸һ˿ʣаٷ֮ʮĿܾǻʯһǾƷ֣ȥʡľԭ˵һ䣬б⣬ǻʯǾ׬ˣ϶޴Ľġ
ľԭ˫ĿƽҶСѯʵһ£µʯͷǲǻʯǵĻɲøң
ľԭ˵һĵԡ
ҶСܹǣȻװûӣû˵һ䣬ʲô
ˣľԭɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϻ΢¶ɱȻ׺ҲһһҶС˵ǻԣ׷ɫޱ䣬ɱ¶
뵺ӵԶ޷͵ìܣʿһ߶˵ֱӳ֣ȻԷʵǸߵö࣬ǾͲ֡


1330 ѪȾԭ1
ʯȻԷΪǿһҪȻĺɢľԭضҶС˵
ڲҶСǲǻʯǶҪս˵ʯǸڣ˭ҶСһߡ
ԭϽʯͦʵ֡ҶСͷ˿µĲ˵Ǹ¾ܴߡ
˵ţҶСϵƱ˳·һֻǧµޣһɺƴŨɱϢ˵Ƭռ䣬ΧĿռҶҶСΪģʮ׵ķΧڣûһ˿ķ磬ЩҲܹһһ䣬ıơ
ľԭһ׺߿һĻһƬأҶС籩¶ƣǿҶСܲ򵥡
ݡľԭһ֣ͻȻʧããԭϣ·ǴûӴֹһ㡣
״Ҳ׷ȥӰߵĳüʺɱһ׷˵Դǻĵ֮˵
ҶСվǿϿȻΧһо֮С
ͻأ䣬һֲľҶСµıԭųֱʣ·ҪҶСӽŵװһֱͷ˺ѵķ顣
ߡҶСɫһ䣬ҽһ壬һĽ±ųǿϴ˹ȥ
嫵˳Χе£۳һֻţݺݵĲȥһֻŷ·ΧϣһƬصơ
䣡
ԷǵֲľֱӱһŲ飬ݺݵ̤˱ԭϣɲǼ䣬𣬵ϳһֻ޴Ľӡѷ飬һֻ޴ĽӡΪɢ·֩һ㣬һɿֲĿռ䲨ˮĲһɢ
ҶСʮ׵ĵطӰ¶˳ʱΪռ䲨ԭΪռĲûӰǵ䡣
ʯǻʯòô鷳ȥѰһʯˡһ˫Ŀž˵¶̰֮ɫ
໥һۣûпǵĶʱ䣬ʮδҩİҶС˹
ʮΰóܵƣҶСеĶΧ˽ȥһ޴ܵĸо
ڴͬʱҶСһϸ΢ƿ𣬺ҪĴӺĴ
ҶС츳ɢԲ׽֮УİֹͣƯա
һ֧ϽɵļĹâ
ҲȥҶС˵һ䣬·Գ棬˾ͨЩݡ˻ȥ
ǣҶС粢ûд֣һգһâ֮۳ĳС
Ӷ޾£˹ľ£һʮɳĽâɨأֲγɷ籩ܾȥƮɣ˶ٶȼӿ˺ܶ࣬ÿһж̺ſֲ
ҶСһ·Ҫٷֳһ
ˡ׺ߣɫ䣬ϽȥҪܹҶСĽâֻǸղǶԼİѾûʱˡ
æ֮Уǰ˺öĻͬʱγխâǰȥҪҶСĹдһͨ
ϧҶС۳ķâ֮ϬԵ赲
ۡ׺صʥ˲䱻ҶСг룬ѪʬɢһأʬµʱΪֲԭ򣬱Ϊ
ߣ㾹ȻɱǼ׺صˣҪ㳢֮ࡣһŭ𣬲֪ǴǸ򴫵ݹġ
ϵľʵж֤ɣΪǲҾҲˡҶС˵΢΢һȣʯ·һ޴
ҶСйâ·ܹ͸еһС
ͻأ䣬ҶС˫ĿųסʯһǣݺݵĻӶٶȼ졣
žһӰո¶Ӱеĳ׼ҶСԴʯ˹ȥͬĲӬһ㣬ݺݽȷ˳ȥ׳һ⡣
¡
Զ촫ײ˱ɽϣɽһζѨ
ɣҶСһȻ䣬ݺݵĲ˱ԭ֮ϣֲ˱ԭµĲ˷ӡ
ৡ˵Ӱ˲˱ԭ棬һǱѣͷɢңŲ¶˿־֮ɫ
Ǽ׺زߣղŵһжᣬҲ뿴λŵʵôˣߡľԭһתǿһ˿΢ЦҶС˵
Ѿ֪ҶСʵֲȫǶֻ֣ˣʲô֮ʿľȫǹƨֻġ
Ҳ뿴Щ˵ʵΡԷҪߣҶСЦһ˵еļô
ۡǰͬʱ³һѪɫһһ죬Ҫ³һѪ
ʱǳ׿־ˣˣεĹ˭־࣬ûһ˿׵Ĺôǹرܱյдͽ
ɱƴˡľԭ¶Ȼʱս⣬ûİ취ˡ


1331 ѪȾԭ2
ľԭ̵߳ĳ̣һΪδ̣һΪ̵һ߳ĳ̱ΪߣϷĺĽâ
һҶС˹̣ӶԲʮף鶼ǳ̵Ӱӣƴ֮
ݡ˼̴ƿռ𣬷·ܹ赲סķâơ
սϲܹһռĹҶС̩Ȼ֮ѳһ˿Цйâ
ڶԷĹﵽǰʮ״ʱҶС罫ʯڱԭϣȭΪƣȭͷԵޱȷ·Ҫе赲ɱư£̺ͣһɰԣһһᣬһһֲͬԵĹҶС˳ں˿µΰֿٵصΰҲǳΰ
䣡
ֲͬľһͻľԭϵķâֱӽ˳̽飬ֲײǰ
ľԭݺݵı׷˳ȥԭϳһĻۣ˸Ͻסľԭ
ۡһѪ³ããıԭ֮Եøۡ
һΪܹסʮϣû뵽һоȻûгҶСҡҡͷʧ
ۡľԭٴһѪǱҶСģôҲʥĸ֣ҶСĿоȻ˵Ĳã̫ˣĸܵˡ
Ҫɱ㡭ľԭһγխҶСȫխУʱľ£˹γһ©ӣ©ĵײԷխխΧĿռ·飬Ϊ¡
ӡҶС絭˵ƾ·ԣж̷衣
ԷǵֲĹ÷Բ״һɽʱҶС綯ˣƣƴƾһն·ǻһ㡣
䣡
̺źĹʱֳ룬ԭҲһԼ׵ѿڡ
׺ص߾ˣǲ֮ɫ޵Ŀ־塣
ľԭЩУΪߵĴڣղһľԭȫĹǶԷ̸ƵĻˡ
ֲǰߵʵֲ̫ˡ
ˣȥɣҶС˵ߵâ֮ųɫ˷ʤֲޱȡ
ۡʥָͶһӱȥԴѪ졣
ҶСŻʯľԭǰ΢΢бЦ⣬ԴӻͦȤġ
˵ţ־ץסӣݺһֱӳ
ľԭ˫ֱͷҵĽһѪͷð˳ָ˱ԭϡ
˻ȾǵġҶСü˵һ䣬еıһľԭüĲ˽ȥ
¶һĨѣһĺ⣬ϢʧֿẮбΪһ˵ܡ
̫ʼչߣӰбããıԭϣɫѪҺޣ¸Ϊۡ
ѪҺããԭһ˿ɫʡ
ҶС̤ŻʯǰУǸղŵĴ̫ˣҶСൽ˺ܶϢ˹
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һЩ˾ͿˣǿҶСµĻʯʱ۾ˣ¶һ˿˷ܡ
ҶС磿һһɫʿӺܲȷϵ˵
һˣһϣ߰ɣҪȻҲҶС˵
⻰ɫúѿҶСȻ˵⵱ȻԴһǵӡУҶСȷʵǷΪΪһһ֣ǲô˵ʼնһ󱲣ôֿܹЩ˵мΪˬ
ҶСһϵãǣΪ˻ʯ˵Ҳᶯ֣ϾһС
ҶС磬㣬ѻʯҿԷһ·㿴
ۡ\ľӵĻû˵Դֱӵ˱ԭϣѪ죬Χ罦һ
ҲҪǷһ·Ҫһ·ҶС˵һգ۳֮ɫΪˮ״۳ĳ͸ģͿ
͸£
ۡľһ˸ոշŭһ䣬ԴӲϵȥ˱ѡѪʬȥ
ɱľ˺һҶСȥǿȫȥӰҲ׼նɱҶС磬ǿҶСʵǿ֪ϵĻ˵ҪҶСһնɱ
һ˿ûвȥԥ֪òΧҶС硣
ۡҶС֮ӶֲĹâÿһλӶѪҺų㡣
壬ʲôٲ֣һ˾ˡľһ˺е
\ľǸ˵ĻԥΪ׵ɫ粻
ݡ߸оһȣ·ҺһѪҺʱ˺⣬֪ҶСľ棬ߣһξǲˡ
ߣһҧ˵ȻʯҪ
һ뿪֮ж˾


1332 ̫Գ
ҶСŲȻɫӨĻʯзâ۳ɵĳӶų˿ռ䣬Ⱦ˱ԭ
Բʮ๫ڵڱ·𱻽ĺˮ籩𣬱ɽ·ǵĩա
âҶСеĳϾĻÿһâڹıԭѷ죬ѷݺύ·Ȼġ
ҶСӰһ䣬һɥ볤֮£Ѫããıԭ׺ЩɫʣûͣΪ
ӡǸħľһ˶ߵͬ˵һ磬˲ʧ
ಡʣЩֿҶСħһڳһӾһж˿־壬֪ҶСʵѾǵڻܣǾɵˡ
ҶСЦһ츳չЩܵĵߣ·ףٶȴţһ㡣
ЩˣҶСûᣬĿ⿴Զ·͸˿ռ䣬һֻʱ䣬һֻ޴ֱγɣƿռ䣬ݺһץֱջأղֱ֣ܵУ·ֻСϡ
أ
ֱӱҶС۳ˣѪ׷׶䣬һѪꡣ
ҶС磬նɱǣǼԲŹġһ˺е
Ȼߵȴûôߵˣ÷ǣǿԵʲô¶ûз
ǡ
ҶСɫϹҳһ˿Ц޵ľߵҡ
顣ҶСһ֣ղ˵ΧռŤ޴۵֮˶ʱΪĩ
û뵽óɹˣ򾳽츳ߵ˺ܶ࣬ʵ˺ö౶۳ɵǱ̬Լһͱ˺˿ҶС¶һĨϲɫ
ʱҶСУҶС絥ɱѾȫˣһҡ
ҶСһͷһ׺߳ǰһץεĹâųԴ룬뵽ͥ鿴ż䡣
һ䣬ҶСջƣâЦһ˼Ȼ󷨣Щڲ̲صԴܶడÿһڻĸ֣ȴսҵĵʱҪ㲼ˡ
һͷȫȻһε˺˷ĩ
Ǿǿռɣȷʵǿ츳Լܹʹãأ϶ܹգֻһʱüͷͷҶСҡҡͷ˵
ˣҶСŲȻʯ򱱷С
ҶС뿪⼸գΪǱĸ罫Ǳĵȫٻ˼壬ĶһЩ޵ߡ
Ϊ£һµɣû¡
Сʱʱ䣬ҶСڻص˻ģֱӳСС
СĲλززһ֮⣬иСɽҶСӰֱӳСɽϡ
һСɽΪƽأжٶĶ
ָеĲУȫ˿յϡ
ʱûȫ򣬲󷨵·ȵǿóǲġ
ĵʵ̫Ӵˣ󷨲õԽЧԽȻȫ͸Ļܿǲ⣬ҶСˮƽͲòӴޱȵ󷨣ֻܹ˶ΣСһ㡣
ӵֲϣһһȣΪԣȲһǾԪЧá
ЩȫииͬȵĲϣʼˣòϵʱҶС綯õĶ죬յĸ΢
һʱһζҶСǽزˣΪòϲЩҶСɷѿİȫϵ
Ӹ߿տĻͻ֣ᷢһһ㣬дϵޱȾ
ΧúĲϲõĳأ·ǰͼһ㣬ûǰͼݻΪ졢ءˮ𡢷硢סɽǰԣ£һ˵ĸо
̫ͰԱǹŴǿ߸ع򡢴ݻģһڣԳ󷨣֮·̻󷨸ع
òϵĲãûп̻κ·ؼٵӿ˹뵣Ѿ
ʱشԼռʮĶأóʱ󷨲ҲôС˵еСѾŬˡ
Ѿóˣǿ̻·ˣ̻·ʱõʱȽϳܹһ˿ҪȻǰˡ
׼ȻرһˣŮǴһкȻһһĿ̻·
۪ˮǱУĽѩոպͺʫ˶սһ˭Ҳκβ˭򶷵㺹졣
Ϊ˺ܶ࣬Ǿ͵ػָһսһ߻ָΪĺܿ죬Ӵ
ǰĿռ΢΢ҶСӰȻ֡
С˶ͷϺ㣬ᱡ·ʪ͸ˣҶС磬һЦ


1333 ˫̥
·ǸӦˣŮͬʱ˫ĿâһţҶСʱж¶һĨϲɫ
ʱ¹ˡҶСߵŮм䣬Ĳݵϣ˵ϡ
Ȼˣǧ˵ǵʵ˺ܶ࣬ΨһǷȱľĥĽѩ΢΢ͷ˵ͬʱҶСֱۣҪҶСĿҶСװûиоȻַϡ
㻹һ㶼ǫ顣ҶС翴Ľѩ˵ȻϸĿ˿ֿʫ
ʲô񡣡ĽѩҶСһۣǲǾҲ۹Ůӣ
ĽѩպС촽΢΢ЩԴζҶС磬Ѿ˺ܶಽѾԼŮ˶ܲףһͦĵģһŮҲͰˣµľҶСһŮӽһŮӽԴײŹأ
ҶСһЦ㻹룬Ǿе˫̥˳಻һ⣬ߣͶ࣬βĳ̶ࡣ
һ˵һߴŮ¶΢΢ȵĹâ
֪뵽ʲô飬ߡĽѩһԴ΢΢һڣԺ߸β˦˹һɵĲľ㡣
ϴˮŵ
һǴˣѵ㲻֪𣿲ʫҶСٺһЦŤͷźʫʵʫ˵ǲˣ
ʫһ˫Ŀһɨգһ۾¶һ˿ƤĻˡ
ɣʫ˵ˡĽѩ¶һĨģ·𿴵ҶСԱͼΪġ
ʵһĻҲģûʲôҶСٺһЦйâĿĽѩ
Ľѩ˫֣ǰһӣҪʲô
ȻˡҶСֱ׳˵ôʱ䶼ûм̫ˡ
˵ţҶС첲һӵĽѩͱӵУѸײڶ֮ƣһڣɡϴ
ޡˡĽѩǺΣϽ뿪ҶСĻ⡣
ĽѩӣҶС֪ǿķǣҶСٺһЦĿͶ˺ʫһڡ
ҶСʫ˳·֪ôܾҶС磬¶һĨ⣬˫ۣĽë΢΢գܹĽš
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ѵҵ;ͺܳ𣿡Ľѩܲ˵
ҶС΢΢һЦĿĽѩԴˣٺ٣һ
˵ţҶСһĽѩ˻Уͷȥҧҧպ촽Ȼ
һ䣬Ľѩ˫Ŀ룬̺ɫϷһĺΣòˡ
һ˫Ŀе΢⿴ʫЦ˲䣬˹Ͻ뿪ҶСĻҪҶСÿ죬ԴҪҶСıײˡ
㣬åĽѩĵһҶС磬ȻĿͶ˺ʫװʫұһ۸ˣ㲻ңЦ
˵ţĽѩ˺ʫߣںʫ
ղһܵӣôܹ㡭ѩ
˵ŮŤһ𣬿ŮӣҶСٺһЦֱ㽫˱˻УһѾʧˡ
ҶСķڣͻأ֣ȻĽŮ˴ϣȻǱŮơ
ҪʲôܵҶСе΢΢ȣĽѩҶСʵһ˿ڴ˿¡
˵أҶСЦŷʵȻ׼Ľѩĺ촽
ĽѩһͶȥϽԡȥһ仰ȫǺζȥϴһ£ʫ㡣
ҶС罫ĿͶ˺ʫʫ¶һ˿ĻţҲȥϴϴ
˵꣬Ҳԡҡ
źʫıӰҶСЦЦ˴ϣӵұƽҸҲ֪ܹá
Ϯȵȶоѹ޴󣬸ղźŮô֣еѹɢ˺ܶࡣ
ƽʱһܲڣһжµӣʵž޴ѹ
츳ԵҲ־ȫԼŬܹһ
ߵˣ顢ǻмΪɡ
ͻȻ䣬оϢԴ˹ֻĽѩͺʫ˫Ͽг黹еǡ
ղôˣĽѩʵһΪɵСϱ
ûʲôֻ뵽һ顣ҶС絭һЦ˵ȻĿˡ
ոϴŮֻ˿ʵԡۣǳ˿ֱ£ɢһɵ㣬ѩ׵Ĳҧһڡ
ǳѩۣǾգһ־Ķǵ
Ůһһңڴϣ˫̥ûʲôֱ𣬿ڣ̲סһҺ
ʲôӡĽѩĿҶСһۣ¶һĨ΢ϲе㺦ߣ΢΢Ƴһۺʫֺʫûнţɵó˳塣
ĺ˫̥áҶС翴Ů˵ȻһͽŮ˻Уһ˴ϣ˿ԡ˫ȥ¶̶ͬɵĽ
ҪĽѩߺ죬˫ֲ֪ڵ۾һƳ˴ϵĲ˿ϽϣĽѩ˱档
ҶСɿȥ·Ȼ˱ѡ


1334 ľ¥
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ҲŲҪղЩ˵ĶĽѩҶСһۣȻĿͶ˺ʫʫôһŮӶˡ
ѩղŲҲܻʫĽѩգһ۾˵
㻹˵ȡ˵ˣ̫ˣåһˣСåĽѩպСţһ˿ߣһ˿Ļζ
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Ǵϸ׽ɣҶС緢ŮĹϵǰ˺ܶ࣬ţԺΪ˼ͥĺгҪһЩ飬ҶС
ǵǰʶѩʱѩᣬǸԹŮڿƺô£ڻдԡǻдŸ߰ȻĲûб䣬ôᣬǺǡҶС翴˿Ľѩ˵
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۸ң˵Ҫ˶ãͲܹһζ˳Ҫʱʱ׺ݵĶԴӣŲὫĽѩЦ˵
ðԭǰ̵⣬ߺߡҶСרװݺݵӡ
ӡĽѩӶСȭҶС硣
ʵ˵Ҳȫȷ㿴ʫʲôʱ˳ң˵ʲôʱ򻹽ʫˣ
ƫġĽѩƳһҶСͺʫ漴ȻһЦǿЦģ֪СãʫɲҪԴװ
ҲᣬֻҪС翪ľСʫ˵
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ǺǰһϲԣƵԼȫ˼ҵĶ֣ϾרҵģԴǷޱȡ
Ϣһȥǧʱʲô顣ڴһҶС翴Ů˵
Ů˵ͷǺҶСһǣҲ֪иҪҪ
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ڸоǵΪٶһЩҸоӦûоսԭ򡣡ŷǧҶС˵
ףкܶʵǿ壬ҿԴһȥһ£һҶС˵ͷ˵
ʥ̵ˣһΪҪģǵĿֻʯŷǧ˵
ֻʯʲôֻʯҶСѯʵ
޿ռĺϣҲǺЩҷġŷǧҶС˵
׼ôԴкָ顣
֪Ŀǰ̸ЩʱڸһԵɣҶС΢΢һ̾ǸϷŮӣǽԼأܿǳż˵һЩ
Դʥ̵ǻս˺ܶ࣬·Ŭĳﱸʲô
ǻģҲһǿǧ겻õ󷨣侫ӢӵŬᡣҶС˵
⣬һδ彵٣սĿ϶һΪˣʤǶǴڵϣĻ֡ŷǧо˵
ûмôӡҶСЦЦ˵
ڲܲ棬ǰǷ򵥵İҪ´£ҪΪҰźú·һһ룬еĴеȵطҳһţ֧ŲסŷǧҶС˵
׼ںѰҵһ죬׼Ƕȥͷ۵ǲ֪ϸô޽ݣǼһĺã԰ʽһĺáҶСü˵
Խľ¥԰ֻʵĶսûʲôãľ¥㽨ʲôӵģҪܹóһԤ󷨣ӸܹӰȫܣŽľʷݶ˵ʲô°ɣŷǧ˵
ðɣ׼ľ¥ͼֽҪȻҽ̫򵥵ġҶС˵


1335 ֲ
ţû⣬㹫˾еʦ
ҪȥǸС󷨣ỨѺܳʱ䣬ʲôΪ͸Ҵ绰һǶܹӦǱ߻ǣʮʹУѾͻƵʥڣһĸֶǶ֡ҶС˵ɫ档
ˣ˸һ£ǵĿɶ𣿡ŷǧͻȻ£дЦ⡣
ǵãôˣҶСɻʵе΢΢ͷۡ
ɶʺˣ˷ֱǽľˮ˵ɲɣҸǶ˹ȵгɺٸǴһŵǳɳһΪҪ鷳ŮܻģһһһġŷǧϹҳ΢Ц˵
˶٣ŷǧʵǲһĺͿˣ
ҶСһЦȻͻȻʶʲôһ㣬ŷǧʵ֪ϵ˭
֪㣬ֻҪȥ˽⣬һֵġŷǧ˵
ʵ㲻˵Ҷ֪һ۾ܹ֮˭Ǵ֮ûʱȥЩţṩһЩҩˮǵΪͻ󷨽սγпռ䣬ǵսʮ౶ҶС˼һ˵
˼ҶС뿪ˣ¥󶥲Ľʱ󷨵ľҪһߣҲΪ˷ֹʱ
һʱܿȥˣ죬죬ãͻأ䣬һɺƴϯ·½
̫֮£ΰӰվĺƺգΧĿռҲ飬ǵӰߴޱȣ·Ρɽ
һ̼䣬ܶ˶˵Ӱ
һգʮ԰ɫȶ̫Ĺâҫϣʥޱȣ·ǹԴͷһָ͵ĸо
ɢ·ʥ̽Ļһ̼䣬ĺܶͨ˶
һϵҫһͬ첲ϸϲƣΧĿռ䲻϶·Ҫһ㡣
еҶСȻֵܵĺƺƣӰһվմʱĿ·ܹռ䡣
ڵĵطڻĶ
ҶСĿǿܹС㡣
ηǻģʱһƴһ̺ع쳹˻ľݣ·е˶
ЩͨˣһУȫ˹ϳһ亹
ҪһǵȫϵӰ˵ҲǺƴޱȣ·Ǵء
ʱ˼ʮ⣬پ£ڿռзڣ۳һӰһӰɫۣһ٣ڹϣ棬ɢһ˳ơ
Ĳĵطȥɫ֮˵
ƵеĻҶСͷ𶯣˱ֳ̫ǿˣҪնɱҲһƵ顣
ں͵ϮҵЩֻҪӣǵΪٶʥϣӦûдﵽ񾳰ɣҪȻؽ㶼𡣡ҶС
ΪһֻʯֻҪǸһöֻʯǿԾʹȥȻҲ֪Լķ֮¡ɫӰ˵ƽ
вңΪǵʵܹǻ޼ɵĵĻʵһŭ⡣
Ҫǰǻң˵ˣҪ÷ӡѡɫӰ˵
㡭ǵʲôˣĻɫ΢΢һ䣬ɫӰһʥʵ
ʲôˣþöû仰ˣҲ֪ǻĵЩûУû꣬Ӧ˵ң񡣡ɫӰ˵аһį·Ǹߴʤįǹ¶įĳ顣
ʲô񣿡˴һ𶯲ѡ
û뵽Ҳ˵ңӣǸʱѾˡ˵
ǸʱֻҳһʱҳںʱǰĴȻ˵뵱ǰһ˲£Ǹ貵ʱɱһѪ·һƬ¼ѪڰĻ˲˵лһ˿ս⡣
ȻѾãǸʱݺ£ΪһպգܹôѾǵˣȭͷӲӲʲôֻҪʵһĻȨ
Ȼ֪ңʹóһöֻʯҪȻʲô֪ģ֪Ƕ˱ȽϼթػǸطڳһֻǲģһսҷ㡣ȫɫҫЦһ˵˫Ŀɫâųķ
Ҿǰẓ́ҪͽˣΪ㻹ǵǸ񣿡бŷ⣬ֲؼ䵴ܶ˶о·ĩҪһ㡣


1336 Э
֪ңκβЩ󱲣ټأǲսھ١Ϳ̿ҷ㵽ס¶һ˿ķ֮ɫ
ؼ䣬ƾ£ս䣬Χ·Ǵƺƴܹ赲
λǰʱոոɣĻ˽ĿͶʵĿһ˿ء
ԡʥ֮УʮԹ΢΢ȶ޾âк£ΧĿռ䵴ռ䶼ܲסƣ֮ϵ̫໥Ӧ·̫⣬ǹԴͷĻ˸Ϳ͸Էʵ𶯲ѡ
ֻҵĺǶҵĳƺǰһһ֣񡣡ƽһĴȰů˺ܶ˶С
񣿡Ļ˾ռҲһ
Ĵ˵ںʱֻֻƬȻܹ뵽ǿǸҵʱҫ۵֮һ
Үͻû뵽ͷôã֪һͿˡ֮ϣ׵ҫЦһ˵
һŴȰ縸ӳ˳飬û˵ʲô
֪ǻĿ϶ֻʯֻҪһöЩĽǲܱģҲֻܹӳʱ䣬ǿϸǣʱ˵ǵİ˵
Ц彵٣ȫ飬ԵĸԣѵͻŹĻЦһ˵
֪ŹҵǺǾԸ⡣ƽ˵
Ƿˡ
ҷˣǸһˣǸһˣҲסֻʯɣ仰һ˿Σ󼸸ִϵϣ·־ռڲǿҵĹâֻܹõĹâ
ҪֻʯƾðɣĻ˵ûΪͷȽϴͺ£߰
Ʊ仯ؼϷǺһ㣬ȺХ
֡˴һһֻΡɽҪ޴ƣһֻգݺץȥֲһƬռ䶼ˡ
ϵֻһƬγƵӡ
Ҵ˼䣬ڰؽƽ˵عγ˹һɿֲк£ֻǹ¾Ȼɢˣ·ڻһ㣬Ϊ
ô԰ڡƳƳ˵ǲм
ǹ񣬾ܲŸȻٽһʽ
ա֣˫Ŀâҫһ۳ɵĳ۶
̳ΪƽΧĿռҵĲǽ֮ϲѷ졣
Ȼ䣬ͻȻ仮ùâÿһͬǻһѤã財
âϣγһνУһξҲȫĻ
ΪΪңƺڰĽӭһƴк£עһ֮С
䣡
·𻯳һ̫âҫۣ˼عӰ΢΢˼֡
ǲҪŸģʱֻ̨ɹҪǣҲٰæˡСʵҵĹƣҸոջָղһѾ˺ܶࡣһ˵
ģҲһСУҵġҲһ
СǽҪսˣǺãǱ㵽ס˵Ƭлصֲƣ˴ǿѹ֮ϣƾ£գĵȻ䣬ޱȣ۳ʵ壬Ҫһ㡣
׾ۡһٵص·بŵ
ꡭ޾к£·һ㣬γһƬ׺зԲϰﶼ磬ܹһС
ΰԡ׵Уƴƣ·Ҫ˷Ŀռѷ׺Χγɡ
ǻ֮Ҳǰס
Ļ˼æˣ۶ɵһ壬ֵܹơ
סֻ֣ʯǿԸһöҪ׵۳ʮöԪ㲻ͬĻǽһд۽նɱڻģǻǰֶ㹻ǺĻɢʱһϵɢоܹжϳԷʵǿޱȡ
Ȼвˣ͸һӣһöֻʯȡʮöԪһˡΪˬ˵
˫Ŀе䣬и߾٣޾׵·ܵĳٻһ㣬˫ӿȥе׵γһ©״ֲֿĲ
һΪܲвֱӿţû뵽㾹ȻЭˣ⿴е㲻簡˵һȡЦζ
ߣ˵ַ˵֪һһﶼһǣǾͱŻˣôҲһ㣬ҵƢ̫ˣֱ̫ˣҪȻֵõҡ˵ŶĳЩ˵ļɵ


1337 ׳ɹ
ƺգ׵飬һΰӰ£ȥ·׵
ؼ׵ȫʧˣɢȥõ£·䣬ˣƽ
е׵ȫʧΡ롢תгʮöɫ壬ÿһö糤Ϊṹ̺Żص
պʮöԪպáһɨ޴ƻӶʮöԪƿնȥƳգ·Խ˿ռ䣬˲͵ǰ
ֻܻ۳壬ȻܹоʮöɹŵǶôĿֲ
һ̧һâɳһӾͽʮöԪץС
ȷʵԪ˿˿еľ壬ڵſµı˵ͷ
ߣƭˡ˵Ļˬ˵ҵֻʯأ
һᣬڸȡ˵˶٣дһ˿ʵҪֻʯǶ
ǵĽ׷Χڰɣ˫΢΢һУ˵
ȻڣҲǺʡɫƽ˵
ԺǾ֪ˣϽֻʯңҿɲΪǶ˲ι۵Ķ󡣡¶һ˿Ĳͷ
ݡʱһƿһöȭͷСĻɫʯͷһӾͳǰ
һӽöɫʯͷץУʱֺöɫʯͷ֮΢СռҶ·Ҫһ㡣
ߡһڽĽöɫʯͷУΡÿһÿռҶ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʹһɫΡޱȵ·ڻһ㣬ɢȵɢȥ񳱣Ʊá
˫Ŀоòȥ
Уһϰٹľ룬ͥȥ
пµˣǸȻûдﵽǸ磬Ҳ޽ӽˣػӡԭ򣬿һζҪǸ˵ˡ̾һ˵
ǸǲǸʱˣʵ
֪ǵĻǸʱһһ
ҺǻţҸоʱҪǸʱĻԻͣ˾˷ܡһս˵
֪ʲô£֪Щһ󶼵ȥˣѾûǸĸˡ΢΢һ̾˵ѾûǰǸƽȰӡ
ЩҲѰҴ𰸣ǣûѰҵֻһ֪ž˵
˭ɻʵ
Ҳ֪ǸӦǸʱˣԴǸʱؾޱ䣬ûܹǸ磬ǸѾǸĸˡ˵
þã˵ȥúñչˡ
Ҳ׼չأͬʱֻ̨彵ٵʱ䲻Զˡ˵һ䡣
˵Ӱʧա
ģغѾը˹е˶˸ղеˣֻּƱõӡÿС
ܶ˶ֻȵг˿־⣬жǿȤ
ѵɣ
ĺݸʦɡ
Ƿ׷ۣһʱ䣬ۡɴ˵ȵڸý壬Ҳʼ̽ôһ£ǵɻˡ
ЩѾǰһʱĴƽʧ¼һ
ǶһĽ
ʱ򣬺ܶרҾͷԼĿʲôǴܵ䷢ĳЩ仯ʲôǺ¥ȵȣָĽͶС
ܶǾۣרұһס
£ʼûӦһֱţ˵һᾡ¡
ƽ˭ƻƽ˵࣬϶Ķҡ
ܶ˻ɵĿںţթ
Ȼй飬ʼջǻһϾѪӰѾǱ˶УĻѡһʵʱС
վеҶС磬þþղ̽սҶСѾܵˣƽ
ʱ䣬һᳬԽǣʲôҶСᶨޱȡ
Ҳǲ󷨵ʱˡҶСӰƾʧˣ˱Ĳݵϡ
ʱŮڲݵϣǿԶĿռ۴¡
磬ղŷʲô£ǲǺڴܣҶС֣Сµһʵ
˴ܣгɺһúһҶССµԴЦ˵
ûУ˵ԺúһСµĿС۹˵
С۹¶һ˿ĲмҽᳬԽǣ㲻ҵĶ֡
С۹˵һȤ֮һһ㣬˵ŮЦ
ߣһġСſɰ˵
С磬ղʲôǻĵĸսʵһµӡ
ҶСͷҲ㲻ս̽һѡ
սʵǿӰûпƶ˹ĸоĲͯѽ˵
ǺǣҪĽֻҪŬ϶ᳬԽǵģҸǴڵĶĹӲʩѾﵽˣҪԼ컯ˡҶС絭һЦ˵


1338 ĺ־ǿ
һŬġͯصĵ˵ͷҲһᶨʹӸղǿֲĸɢǿķһżֲи֮ľġ
ã׼뿪һŬʲôҪ͸Ҵ绰һܹԽʵڲлĵˡҶС翴Ů˵
˼ίԣ򲻵ѣҪҪ
ţ֪ˣ׼ʲôʱߣһ𣿡ͯʵ
ھߣҪһһ⣬ʵڰ취ҶСǸĿŮ
ŬģǾԲϺȡͯ˵
ҶСͷ˵ˡ
˵ţ׼뿪ʱһɫ˿ʳȹľܿסҶС磬һЦʧɫʻ޶ȲЦݣСܵܣôˣѵÿһӵ
ǷǡҶСЦЦȻÿŮӶһӵתʧ
ŸոҶСվĵطŮж¶˲ᡣ
һιСʱȽϳȡʱΪһʱŷǧ˵Ůͬĵ˵ͷ
ϲɽԴ䣬һĳһɽڲȫͿˣɽڽ˻Ի͵Ĺ
ʱУվһӰȫǻߣĽթܹǸͲǻĵߣһѪӰ֣ҲǽõһǶѡ
棬һӰȫѪɷʯɵϣ˫ĿкɢѪĹâײ֮л˿˿ǻ۵Ĺâ
ƻеôϣ˫Ŀһɨʵ
ˣѾһˣΪ˲ݾߣļƻҪչҪȻǵľǵļƻǰˣҪַ¾ޱˡһ͵˹ӭ˵
ӵ˵ͷ˵С£¶˵Ҫܹ˿㣬һǱȽϷĵģϣ㲻Ҫʧ
ľһʧġɫޱȡ
ãҪȻҾطѪߡϵ˵ͻȻʲôһ㣬֮ɫǸ
ǣˡľ˵Ȼơ
¡¡ʱҲһǽڷ˿¶ӰϱѪɫѪɫ·˿˿ѪɫڳѪɫĳա
ϣ˵
ৡ󣬳֣ÿһжĹâ
ߣȥ֣һţݺݵ˵ƨϡ
Եã˵ǰˣһӷſ˸߸ǰʮס
оǿ־壬ǸϽڵϡ
ôʱˣ㾹Ȼһûҵ˵Ҫʲôáʵܷŭ˫Ŀȷʵƽˮ
ˣǴˣĹǡѪɫסһ˺Ƴϻ̳Ͽֵζ
˾Ҫۡ˵һӣһɫȼգ·ǵвеĻ棬סĸַȥ
˲䣬ɫͽְסˡ
̡·һ
ҵĽֿзҵΧÿһжһɺ⣬ǶԲסһС
ˣȻҲдҪһ˽ǵļƻȫˡɫյһ߲ҽһ˵
Ŷ˭ļƻȫˣ߸ĸŮѯʵͬʱɫսơ
žղűɫյһ˵ϣ·ǳеѪˮϵشʮǧë˳
شˣҶСƻǵļƻÿҸеϢʱ򣬾ͱҶСˣȻ󱻴ˣָҪѺܳʱ䣬ҶС磬һΪѰҵġдǿҵĺԹ˵
û־Ǻ־ǿԱһ˾ǽЦ־ǿ֮нĳɾͣȫǴһѪӰֵֶΣұһֹ壬ȻΪ
ȻûѵͣҪĳЩ飬ҪȻͻܵϸĳͷ
ҶС磿ǸһսնɱʮʥֵҶС磿ʵ
ҶС硣ľ˵
ߣĺ־ǿ̴ǲǵȥǸҶС磿ϵʵ˫ĿѪɫâ
ûУûУҶСǱնɱһΪǵĴУҳԼе˽ģΪ롣־ǿڵط˵¶һ˿ĵɫŨҵĺ⣬Ҳ֪ǶҶС绹ǶѪ塣
ߣ㾹Ȼƭң㲻áȻ˵ּ䣬һںɫâ
ء־ǿ˳ȥѪϴӿ


1339 һ߻
ˡ˵ĶģȿȡҶԴ˴Ĺһҷ˵ĺ־ǿһ߿ѪһߺеԼġ
ߣǲײĲᣬҲãҾף཭Ц͸˵ס߸˵
ǣˡЦΪ˵Ȼվߵ˺־ǿǰ־ǿ㲻ϣ˵İţȥҶС鷳ÿһζ˶飬˺ܶʱ䣬ʲôʱ㽫ҶС鶼ڵһλڴ˵ȴᣬָӵѾˡ
Цɫ䣬ˡ
־ǿΪѵ̧Դǲ֮ɫЦ㡭㡭
𾪵˵˻û뵽ЦȻᱳÿ˶̵顣
뵱Цʱ򣬽ЦϥһūӣҪжȻ¶ϵףһʱסˡ
ôǰȻ㣬ߵˣ㹧Ч㣬Ϊ£ҸЧҴˣΪ£ҾǿΪһ֮˽Ӵ˵Цһ˵Դǡ
־ǿĿɿڴˡ
ۡں־ǿ³һѪоԼ౻ͱһӣЦ˵ÿһֶ·ΪһѰУ˲˺ۡ
þöûʹˣǵõһнѧ¥Ĳ棬ޱ˵ЩʹͣǵãͧϿԼĸĸеǹʹ࣬Щһһٴγζ
־ǿЦһеѪˮͣĨ޷·۳ʵʡ
Цö𵴡
Цǿѹ£еĿ־壬ⲻܹң˶ҪߴߣΪܹõ˵ֻܹˣҲ֮֮ȥȻǵΪβѡһõˣ˵أ
󣬽ЦȻתڵأӼΪ˵ˣ־ǿѾˣο˵ָӣˣӦնɱ
ЦɵȻѾˣ϶ˣնݲԺվɴ
ϵӲûΪЦһ͸ıĴ㣬Ĭܾã˫ĿͻȻըѪɫâڻʲôҪ˵֪Ҫˣõˣһ²ֵܹ粻Ҫ
־ǿȻǿҵĺ⣬·ûӵĻضŽЦ·ҪЦˡ
ûһˣһ仰˵ɶλղƷðɣһѪܹ˷ˡϵ˵
Ļո£־ǿѪɫȻֱǸȥ
ϡѪɫĦޱȺ䡣
־ǿйͣӽ쿪ʼλá߸ɫƽ˵
ллˡЦ˵
һѪɫâзŽЦȥ
ϡѪɫϵȥ˶
лˣΪ˴ˣЦԸʵһýЦȥҧ˭Цȥҧ˭ЦϽ̬¶Լġ
ϣͬ˵߸˵
¡¡־ǿոձѪɫ˽ȥʯž¡¡رա
ʯŻʣһߵľʱ־ǿбһ⣬Ͻһ˵ˣҲû֮ˣЩҵһЩһҵƬΪҵΪûв鿴ص㡣
־ǿʯŴӻص˳󣬸߸ϵӣһһѪɫâһ·ȻʯϣʯлĴ򿪡
ûͣһץ־ǿϵѪɫȥһӱʯץ˳˴ĵϣеѪҺЩֵϣЩһǲҶľӡ
Цɫúѿɫ粻ޱȣɶôû뵽Ȼһ֣ٴʧܣߣҾͲš
֪˵˻ţʲô³ӴվһɰƱŷѪɫ裬Ǹ߸ϵİ֮ͬϵ飬ûʲôܹӳƿء
֪ƭˣҪ֮ʹʹС־ǿһѪҺһ˵оǷ֮ɫ
ã˵ĻģһһĻᣬƭңߣ֮ʹɣңطϵһµϢ
õͼָ־ǿ˵
˫Ŀһ˫ֻѪɫŷ˲ڴڲγһֱԼΪһ׵Ѫɫ壬ϣɽ롢ȫһģ塣
ָɣӵ˵
ǣˡ־ǿ˵Ȼǳڵģָ߸
߸򡣡־ǿ˵һȻ˵ϡ
ܺãһ˵һ¡ĵ˵ͷ˿־ǿˣҽѺ
ǣˡ˲˺־ǿǰץһ첲ͽˡ


1340 չ
ź־ǿߣߵʲô鶼ûУЦһƽȴ޺޵ҧ
УһնɱҪȻһ˵ڰʼʳѰЦ
ӣֱ·һˣ˫ĿѪɫâɨһˣ˵һС鵽С飬ǷֱȥЩзּʱ㱨
ǣˡ࣬Щվʮ֣˵ࡣ
ȥøʲôʲô˵һ䣬ȻѪɷʯɵϡ
ȫȥǹҳһ˿Ц˼࣬һΪ඼ʵģҲǽթΪĿĲֶΣҲ֪ҵĺǱ߽еô
һ仰ո˵ʱʧˣ·Ǵûгֹһ㣬Ѫȡ塢Ĵ˲յģ·һֻſ˾޿ڵĶħ
ɽڣһʯңʯҵǽѪɫ۵һ·ԵĪ⣬ڿտҲֻһģϻа߰Ѫ
ڱѺĺ־ǿ
־ǿѪɫâƣȫУϵ˺ϣɫȻ԰ޱȡ
Ҳһֱ˵ģԽЦĶ񶾣һҵԸҵİ취һҪȥ־ǿ
һ뵽Ц뽫ЦʬΣ֮ࡣ
ડʱһҲĽŲ淢Ų·̤˺־ǿͷ
־ǿ˫ĿкŨޱȣһеĺɢˡ
¡¡ʯҵŴ򿪣һѪɫ۵Ӱ˽ʯҵرա
һӰǽЦһݶ
Цû뵽㾹ȻôݶΪλȻҡ־ǿ˵ʵָˣĿܹЦ̳ѡ
û뵽ĻأΪĵͶ㣿ҲֵЧңһͷ¿ѣ־ǿС㣬û뵽㾹Ȼһ֣Цһ䣬ɳһţݺݵ˺־ǿѡ
ۡ־ǿһѪ嵹˳ȥʯҵǽϣǽѪɫâͲǹɳӰĻ˵ϣήҲ
㣬ʲôӣǰҫ˵ҵһʱû뵽죿ڵһЦһŲں־ǿ˵־ǿѾˣͷǵ춯
ɱҡ־ǿӿм⼸֣Ѫˮͣӿ
ɱ㣿ΪҲ룿ڻʱҲɵӣΪһʹԡЦջ˽š
ȻҲܹɱ㣬ǣһȴգӴͳΪһ˰ɣЦЦһ˵һɿµ־ǿϵһѪɫӿȫ˽ЦУЦϵϢڽ
־ǿһңĺ⣬۾ȫΪ˺ɫȻ䣬һ⻮ƣ»ָ˹ʣ·뵽ʲôһ㣬ᶨޱȡ
ЦҿԽһȫ㣬ֻϣұ𡭡־ǿһһѵ˵ŷȫѪɫΪƴ󣬽ЦȫС
˭ҲûпһѪɫҲѪɫӺ־ǿӿ˽ЦڣЦûо쵽
ĺ־ǿϵѪɫʧЦϵϢҲȶȻѾ˰ʥ۷塣
˫ĿѪɫâų΢΢һܵӣǰʥ𣿹Ȼڲͬ־ǿеôģҶСҳ綼Ҫնɱģȴ㱨𣬶Ϊҡ
˵ЦгһĻ𱬵ӰϹҳһЦ
Զ͵һ˰ɣЦЦһ߳ʯҡ
ʯŹϵһ̼䣬˭Ҳûп־ǿгֵһĨЦ⣬ϵһ˿֮ɫ
ãã򣬾ȪиۿڲԶһеСϣҶСգʵϸ鿴Ļͻ֣ᷢⲻͨŨɵ
͸ԼԼ׺㣬а׺İͼޱȣ̺ذ
ҶС˫Ŀգ˫вϻһâŷ̫ͼϣʱ̫ͼѾ̳һŵ·
һܣ󷨾һ㣬ֲһУ󷨵ĴС򷱳̶ȣҪޱȡ
ʱѣֻǲóһܾȥҶСüյʱ䣬ܶʱһʱͼ¼һ߲󷨣˵Ǻ̫ܶףΨңèӡӣݲһ˿ķģЩ·΢仯һ˿˿пصĺ
󷨶عøΪףҲüΪ͸Щʻȫ
ͬḶ́ҶСڵûӣĿƺľʱȫóɹҶСΪһٴξͻȫ⡣


1341 ķŭ
顭һ״ɲ豭ըѣڵĲˮɽܣһ׷Ժһѿ֮ɫ˫ĿУų
ҶС硭ߺ޺޵ҧ˵֣·ҶСжһ㡣
һɿֲϢƺѾ˱ıԵ
һľϣӿ֨֨춯Ҫɢһ㣬һͷսе΢΢ĲӶߺǾ¡
þãߵƽһһâ˵֪ͨӵĴ峤ǰ¡
ǣ峤깧˵߳ľݡ
һͨС䣬Χֵ֣ľͷǸ߼ʮɵ±ڡ
ӣӽԭʼУСǴ˶໥д裬·ΪսһȺˡ
ҲͨĴ䣬Ǽ׺߲һСׯＸûʲô飬Ǿһֱ
ءͳ͸ǿĺŽԶԭд似˶ͣǽĿͶǵķ
Ǽ׺߲ļÿֺŽǴʱ򣬸Ĵ峤ȥܲϡ
Ǽܹиȥͻأ䣬һŮӳգͷ˵ȻʧС
׺߲ƬϿУϿϿպ󷨱˸ͽ
Ͽһ峺ĺˮƬ̵ҶͷҷĻƮϣ·εСۣƽ
嶰ľ¥һľʸߴ
ʱһ¥ޱȵˣ˶޵ϣǰһСӣϰڷЩˮͼ
ǰĿõĹâųöΪ֮һɨһۣ˵ոյõϢȥϼ½ʥȫˣûһ
ʲô
ʲô飿
ѵɵģ
ϼ½ȻΪأУͲΣյĵطôһ¡
׺峤Ǿ仰һڶĴ峤һƬȻ׷һž⡣
峤ô£˵˵һ˵
׷߿˿ˣ˵Ǽ׺صĸڱԭ˻ĵҶС磬˳ͻǼ׺صĸȫնɱˣˣغ\ľĸҲȫնɱˣΨ壬˵һһһʶԭŷŹ壬һ£ôԸҶС硣
ҶС磿ĪǾǸڻ紫ķзҶС磿
¾ˣ˵ڻһնɱʮʥǿߣֲ̫ģЩһֶѹƲס
ҾͲˣһС޶ѣܹж
ѵǸ𣿡
峤ҿҪһţȥԸҶС磬϶ûжգһŭǸˣǼ׺ؿ¾Ҫˡһ˵гΡ
ǸӦòְɣ˵ʱҶСֵĶдϹŶǱҪö࣬Ӧûʲôɣ
֮˭ܹʤܹȫնɱʵ϶ʥϣΪֻиܹ֮οɳ˸֣һ˻ĸֵע⣬Ҫʧܶˡ
ô죿
ҪǽߵץȻͶô
㻹ʥ֣Ȼ˶˼ߵѣǸ˵Ļһ⵽һЩ˵ıӡ
峤˵Ǹô죿
׺һ峤˿ˣҶСնɱô֣¿϶ܹôˣҪȻǵδ棬ɱҶСҪڶʱڽУҪȻ˭֪һʱΪֻʲô磬Ǳ̫ˣ֮⣬ҪһնɱҪȻ϶ķע⣬ΪҪȥϼ½ѰһʯΣÿɳһʥ֣ҶС飬׼һ£ǿô
ÿһʥȥϼ½ҵûʲôǣҶС飬ҾͲͬˣҾҶС̫ˣﲻạܻ̊́лᶯģϾ²̫ƽˣҪˣɱҶСķܹܶ࣬赶ɱˣˡһɫʿ˵ƽ
赶ɱˣĶĵ˭֪ʲôʱ١һ˶Դ֮Աǡ
ˣҪˣԸҶС鵱ȻҪأһȥ峤һ£˽һǣʱپͬ⻹ǷԣϹأӶ١׺峤˳һŵӣüͷ˵
Ȼ峤ô˵ˣǾˣûʲôˡ
Ҳûˡ

˶ͬ׺峤΢΢ͷȻ˵Ļ͵ʯһ£²˳٣һСʱＯϣõ㹻Ļʯʱһʵܹˡ
ǣ峤Ĵ峤˵һ䣬Ȼ׷ȥ
׺峤ȥӰ΢΢̾һҶСĴǸ⡣
һһⲼʱҶС˿֪¡


1342 󷨳
¼ϵһµĸ߳ͨ˶ԽԽȤ֮ĻⲻϣԽԽߡ
׼˺ܶ¼թƭ֯ʲôɽ̡ʲô˵ȵȶ಻ʤ֯˾޴Ķҡ
Ȼ飬ϳЩӣҽý壬ɱӺ
Ϊĸʥ̺Ͱ֮ĳͻֻоֲͻֶǱС
ʥ̺Ͱ̳ѪһȴˣǴķչᣬƺ޼ɵζ
һãӣ׷ףʱʱڵǨʣһЩ˵ʱһһ붼ܹһЩ˵ʱصĸÿһ붼ʹ֡
жžʱпµķ˪жʱĿַɣж˼һһεʱеȴȴеǸϸˮֻʱһô˭Ҳ֪Ҫȴá
ããУеϣһɢһأ紵ƬƬ裬·ڻ꣬˵¡
ҶСȻգɫмֲ԰ףллâ£̫ͼϣ·͸ŨĪ⣬·ذ
·̻ѾβˣԽˣԽҪСҪȻʮȫ׷ˡ
һµʱҶСûֹͣ񾭴ڱ״̬ܵȥ̻Щ·
һСʱʱҶСĶֹͣ˫Ŀ˫Ŀǣ·ܹδبţܹǳй
ۡͻȻ䣬ҶС³һѪήңģеȥ
¶һĨɻ
ղô£ôῴĳҶС
ղ˫ĿɲǼ䣬һİϤأܻǵ򣬵ֲ񣬸һּΪĸо·˲ĺʱַ·һƬδѵ֮أһͼʱͻȻ䣬һת֮ϣһѷ͸¶һֻ޴Ľɫ£ʹжϡ
ѵЩʱĳз飿ǹȥδҶС
ոսʱ꣬˷·ʱʱĺЩƬΣΪͳܲסǹҲ֮Уڶһ˾ҪˣΪޡ
ʱҶСɫָһ£ȻޱȣϾһµʱ䣬רĵȥһ飬̫ķѾˡ
ҶСվգȥղŵЩ棬Ƕ˵̫磬ĿȫͶ뵽ϡ
ɰڴһ١ҶСҲʱǿˣܲһ£һ̨ˣҪһ²̨ܹ֪ǷܹͶ뵽ʹá
ҶСɢ̫е·ոһϿ
о飬ҶСһϲȻٴ̫·ڵǻһ㣬תţ·һ壬ҫء
ɢռ䶼ھҵĶ·Ҫһ㣬വƬƬһУ˲ʧ·𻯳ޣʱֲޱȡ
·תҶСҲԽԽˣܹܲɹҪһˡ
·ڲתԽԽٶڵ˼㣬âҲԽԽҫۣ͸ռ䡣
ͻȻ䣬·ڲֹͣתٶ̫ˣ˵۾͸Ǹٶȣ˿ʱֹġ
䣡
𶯣һǿгᴩգ·͸˹Žһ̼䣬ضΪ֮һһɢȻʧٶȼ죬ٵһֽҶСڡ
ʱڵĿռŤĿռѷγɣһӣƺһ㲻ϵӿ롣
ɹˣڳɹˡҶСϲޱȣкǼǿԼĺӳһ㣬ż
ؼӿԽ׳ۣǹɹɺһ㼯Һر仯һЩ˺ܶ౶ҪȻ˵Ϊȡɿռ
ʱĽʧҶСԽԽڴ֪ʱеʱʱǶ١
ע˰Сʱʱ䣬ֹͣȶתˣʱɣȫǾޱȵԡУһӲãߴͦεľǲԴ䣬ЩֲΡ
С·˼ɾ
ҶСһһȥеһб仯
ո̤̫󣬷·һʱһ㣬ͻȻһͷĿѣĸо·Լռ룬˰ӵʱŻָ˹
УʲôޣǴ޾һ㡣
ȻȻԶã֪󷨵ķΧдԼλá
ͻȻ䣬оһϤĲԼĻ壬ɲҶСԺޱȣת״ҲʮֵϤÿһֵ䶯֪⵱ȻΪǲ֮˵Եʡ


1343 ʮ
дƬ̼䣬ҶС˳ǰһƬ㱣ʱĲͬ٣˽󷨶ҪһεӦ̣ǵһһ㣬оЩϰߣľͳȻˣһ㲻ʵĸоûˡ
ҶСϸĸ֪һΧϹҳһ˿ƽ΢ЦʮıôеˣҪܹʮıһٱıͺˡ
ʱЩϹŶҶСĻ¶˳ЬѾ͡
ʱ󷨵Ĳüѣ󷨸֣βܹɹһΣĳΪֻ˵ˣˡ
ʱ󷨳ɣʱûжֻʱţĻۣ󷨵תʱŻ
ҶС֮һʼͲóʱôߵ󷨣ԭ㣬һʱ󷨣ʱУһ࣬ڴĳһʱ򣻵ڶǾ̫Ĳã󷨸ľ£̫Ըһգһƽ̨һܹ󷨸תƽ̨
Ϊˣܹóʱ˾޴󷨡
ǣʱѾĻ֪㣬˸ȭﻹܹƽ⡣
ѾúˣҶСоԼǰĿռеڣһƣӿⲻϵģоϵġ
һһԱȪߣ˿Ȼ˽ȥУȪԵԲʯϣ˫Ŀһϣһ˯ˡ
ʱתţܵӿƬһȪˮУҶСĲ԰׵ϡ
ķɣķɣڵԶٵתеӿ룬ڻָҸӴӤҲ͸ޱȣ·ˮ̶ɵһ㡣
ÿһϸǵӰһ˿ӰӣòҲԼԼܹӰͷϵıʵ˺ܶ࣬ʵʣâ֮ɢıҶСṹ
ĩһ죬ȫغΧĽ꣬СеҶСȻڳ˯
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫ĿˮһĹâŷǰվҲȪܵȪˮų˿
ҶСһԾվȪϣɣһ·ˡ
ˣȻһӾ˯죬ҶСЦҡҡͷ˵Ҳߵʱˡ
˵һ䣬һ´ùֻȻװ˿ڴУһҶСļǵãǸҹĽѩ粢пϣһ֤ǵ顣
ҶСӰһһӾ뿪СУףͻˣڡҶСһ㵣漴¶Цݣ˯һܹͻƣԺҪ˯˯ˡ
Ȼ仰ֻѣûôõ飬˯һܹͻƣ֮ͻƣȫһĳб̺ذͻҲ֮С
ҶСӰʧա
Ȫ۪ˮһһƬǽ壬ΧܶݻˣŮڵıդȫٵˣһֵҲˡ
Ƭһռ΢΢ҶСӰ֣۪ˮһһƬǽʱɫһ䣬չֱŮʱһ
ҶСǰ΢΢һƾʧֱӳ˱еĲƺϣƺϣŮУǵĿŵǻһ˿ƣʱƺ϶ˣϡ
һµʱûмŮΪ˺ܴο
һˡҶС翴Ů˵ǲ׼Ůģǣ֪׷ʲô飬˲˵һ䡣
һһŮͬʱ˫Ŀ
С硭ŮͬʱһǾϲ
СҶС˹ȥҶС籧ҶСԴнС±˻С
ڻˣҪٲҺʦ׼Ů뿪վƳһҶС˵
׷ʲô飿ҶС粻ѯʵ
ϼ½նɱ˵ʥ֣ʵ
ǣҪʯȫնɱˣôѵǵĸˣҶС˫Ŀų
ţ˶ˣⶰ󷨵ıҪȻǿ¶ᱻȫץסЩһʱֲϹ󷨣ǳȥֻնɱ˼˶ѣ֪㲻٣ǷˣǵľٶһЩɢ޵ĲЩɢ޸Ǿ棬źһЩΪҶС͵
ֽ˻ģǶȥܣҶСЦһ˵
ǶУ֯Ҳɲ֣οĶǶ֣ȫʥûһģҺ̵סǣɢ޵ľ棬ҪȻ֪ᷢʲô顣˵
ܺãѾ͸ˣÿ˶뿴ҵЦҶСк⺮һɭȻ֮
С磬ҪúøлϣԼʱ䣬ǰǣҪȻǵİæĳŲסŷǧ΢΢һ̾˵ϵĿǸм
ѵǸطҶСͻȻ뵽ɽׯڵǸط
ţؾޱ䣬Ǹطÿһʱܹͷ˵˶٣ҶСһۡøлҲȹңҲںһһϦ


1344 ׼
˵ĺɣҶСȻܹоеһĨʣҶС˰ȫѡ˺ߣҶСмָж
ϾܲףʱĵطѵãϻǷˡ
ĲҪʱ⣬һһϲҶС翴΢΢һЦ˵һӣŸм
϶ɻĿҶС磬ҶСûҪ͵˼Ҳͣûʡ
ҿˣҪȻЩڴ˹Ǿ赲סˡͯϲ֮ɫ˵˷·𶼷˺ܶࡣ
ֻҪڣҲκ˺ǵģˣûϵǣҶС翴ͯ˵
ǵѹҲܴǱűᰡɶǻǸӡͯ˵
ؼʱ̻ҪԼʼնסû뵽Щ˶ԸҵľѾ̶ֳȣֱáҶС˫Ŀ˵
С磬ǵɢʼղǰ취һ뿪ЩҪˣ㿴ܲ˶ҲñҵİȫͯҶС˸
ͯĻҶС΢΢ü˼һ˵ȷʵҪһ𣬱׼еĶúúе˶ȥһطڿҪȥˣȽȪеĵֽ˵һʰҪĶϣҵΪһֱӽǶ¥Ųƹȥǧ׼Ķ׼ûУ
Ѿ׼ˣԸ˵ʲôط˰ɣŷǧҶС˵
ҶСЦЦȻĿͶĽѩǸطѩ֪
ŮĿͶĽѩǺ档ĽѩЩãȻҲɻ
ʲôطô֪ĽѩĿͶҶС硣
ҶСһЦѵˣǸطֻ˵ĵط
û뵽㾹ȻˡҶСװһį˵
˵ĵطĽѩȻһɻӣģһ⣬¶һĨϲѵ˵Ǹط
ҶС˵ͷȻˣҿ˵㻰ˣôɣ
Ľѩһϣ¶һĨᲽߵҶСǰպ촽ӡҶСϣһ㣬ȻѸ뿪Ⱦ˺ϼ˵ѵ㻹ǵãղǸĽ
ѩʲôطʵ
󻵵һռұ˵ĵطĽѩһ˵˵¶һĨĿͶҶСʵһӦѾ˰ɣ
ҶС΢΢һЦûУһòˣطҶһǶϣҪˣһȥ
ͱˣǶģ뿴ǵԼġ˵
Ƕȥʰһ£ڴ֮ģԷڴָУȥЩˡҶС翴Ů˵
ҶСĻǶ¥ȥݵֻˣࡢϺ̡
ҪҪǰæ˵
ãҸԡҶС˰֣˿˵һһȥһһϲһǰһ¡
˵ɣȻô䵭
Ǹط̫ƫƧˣûе磬ȥһЩߡչơ̫ܵذ壬ǾͲΪûе磬Ϣˣ⻹ҪһЩʳóǱߴ㣬һöָ㡣ҶСóһöָԼӡݸ̡
ҶСݸָһ㶣û뵽ҶСὫôĶ
ŸʲôϽţѵһ˿żۻ߲˵ȵȻҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ󽫴ָС
ллһҧ촽˵ԼС
ˡ࿴ҶС˵һȻȥҶСйâ̺ͬʱ˳ȥ
̺ͬʱҶС˵ͷӰʧˡ
ʧıӰҶСϵЦȥ¶֮ɫкȻǸĶԸߵˣǾóŭ׼ɣ
ҶС˫Ŀ·ǰҹеǳдżֺâչȪжԺС
ʥظ֣ʥأʥأʥһأţаʥ֣ȷʵǿ󣬲СҶС硣ҶС˵
ϣ˲ʧ
۪ˮϱ߾ҶСıһ⣬һУһʥظ֣ʥظ֣ʥһضѾʥĸ֣ܹʮ֡
ǶǵˣǰԸҶСһˣ֮ԴŰʥ֣붼Ϊǳʶ
ĲݵϣһȹŮӿһϣ޳ȳߣס͸ȹܹŮͦĻԲ²ϵ½϶˲һ塣
صĺͽԶֶʢкƵĸ߽ŲۿֳļϷ


1345 һһɱ
һ¥̨ϣдЦ⣬ŲݵһѪڵһĻ
챾˵ɽֶܹʱ䣿һʿӶһֶʢкƵʵ
ʮӦþͲˡҡź˵
ٺ٣ҿʮȷʵˣ챾ҪҪһȥ档һ弶Цһ˵
̫ˣֻϲŮӣŮӿ˵챾һЦԵúзȵ˵
ף֪ĿζڲֻͬϲЩʮСҹȥˣٺ١弶ӺٺһЦӰһƬݵطȥ
ʱͻȻ䣬챾˫Ŀһùâ˫Ŀбų·̴գи߽űеĺ˳ȥÿһκж̺ϵΧĿռ䶼ڶ
˹鷢ˣȥĺƣ˲мֳ룬ռ۵һܹƿռն˹ٶȼ죬Ѿ˵˼롣
ۡһѪҺ챾һ첲նϣ¥̨ϵȥ
챾ղóȥĺȡһ˿˿ʱ䣬ֱӱͷն롣
һʣڶֶͬڲݵĸҰŵǶŮҲֹͣܶԷû㡢ûдﵽ֡
ʲôˣ챾ǿʹһȣӿؼ𵴣·ˮĲһӣ¥ҡҡ׹Ҫһ㡣
һɿֲϢϷؼҾγһɹ籩ƬռƱãͬһɺƴ־ھ֮ϱ
һʥֵƣƺƣó
ҲһƱŷ֮仯·ҷڣ񱩴̵ҶƬ׷׾ڿлΪޱߵķ絶С
ҡһԾ֮Ͻ£һס
ͻȻ䣬һֻ޴гգڸأֱĶ£񱩵ľΧĿռҵŤԴľȫΪ˷ĩݵϵı̲ݣ׷׷𣬱Ϊһɫ籩
ʥһؾĸɾ޴ѹ£¸죬ǹͷͷ֮Ħ
䣡
ֻ޴лûⶰ¥ȳܲסǾ޴ѹˣΪһѷ档
챾վڷ֮ϣɫʿ죬裬˵
ʮնơ챾һе̧žֻ֮ƻһʮ֡
Ƭռзƶ£һֲʮιâ۶ɢļµ
䣡
ʮֹâ;޴ײһ𣬷˺һ¡¡֮𵴣ܾ֮ͤɽȵȵȫݻ١
顭Ϊ΢ĵкݺݵ׷˳ȥһӾ˲ᡣ
챾Ȼվڷ֮ϣӿѪ죬Ѫ˲ˣĺ⣬һ˿ļɵ
ҹ㵽ʲôˣ챾һ⵽˼㣬նȥһֱۣڻ֪Է˭ƵѪ
ߣնɱˡһƬռ䵴漴һӰգӰȻҶС硣
ҶСվգ˫ĿâӸ£еĸ֡
֪˭𣿡ҶСһɨ˵Χռ΢΢һ֪ſµֻҪһ֣ʶ쾪֮ơ
ҶС硭ҶС硣챾˫ĿըһҶСʵѾĹƣ֪ҶСϼ½նɱ˵ʥ֣ΪҶСжôǿϾţܶණҪʱȥ۵ģ˵ľ˴඼ĸֹ꣬ˮһƽľˣΪҶСжô
񣬼ҶСλã֪ǰ˾Բܹжˣг
ȻѾ֪ˣôӦ֪ǵʲôߣҶС˵
һǰҶСһȭûκεףռڱ飬ؼȫ˹ڷڣһǿ
챾·Ǵסһ㣬Ȼһɫϱã¶һĨͻȻһâбųǺȻʱҶСĹѾˣ˾޴Σ
ִ֮䣬һĳǰ˲䲼˰˵Ļ弱ٵĺˡ
ͲҶСĶִ֣ٵĲôֵܹסҶСԵޱȵĹ
䣡
ֲľſµĴ͸һӴ͸챾عĻײϣըԵ
ǡ챾ѵһƬؼ˵еĵг˿־⡣
ۡ챾³һѪݺݵ׷˳ȥһ¥ϣ¥ֱҳһ
ҶСߣÿ̤һռ䶼𶯣ѹرһ㣬ʥһصĸһ춯Ȼ˿ѪҺͺͺĵƤ
ȥɣҶС˵챾ҳ󶴵Ƕ¥ȥһߣзâųᴩգǴƵߵԴǴֱ࣬һɱһˣɱҪײС


1346 󷨹ɱ
۪ˮϿգƱãޱ䣬Ʋھ£ɢ¡¡֮𣬷·Ҫһ㣬һɺƺھ֮ϵ
ʲô飿ôͻȻͱأ
ѵɵģ

Ȫϲе˶л̻̲Сϵ˷׷ۡ
۪ˮǶУ񱩵֮һУʥظֻܹҶСгһʱ⣬ضصĸ֣ͲǶ֡
ѪɽһϢţҶСǶ¥ǰʱеĸֳҽ˲¥ڵ챾⣬ȫˡ
ҳҶС˵һץһӰǸɳݺݵˤȥ
ءϳ챾صˤ˵ϣϳһСӣ챾һѪɫήңһһϢӣоǿ־塣
ҲȥǰɣҶС縩챾˵һ䣬ǰ̤һһɺ嫵ľк£챾ɾֱӳ
նɱˣҶС粢û뿪ھĵȴţͻأ䣬ӰⶰϿգЩ˶ǵߡ
ǿҶСʱɫ䣬һһ룬¶˳غͺ¡
ҶС綼ܹеôնɱǼ˿϶ʱܸʱ
ȻˣǾͲҪˡҶСĿһɨƽ˵츳ȫһռ䶼ҶС֮Уռճ˺ܶ౶ЩոշɳԶĵߣһͬǳˮС㣬βǱһ㡣
ҶСһҵĻζռ·Ťһ㣬۵˹ĸо
ۡĵӰھŤĿռлΪһѪΪ˸һѪ˲ˡ
ҶСâۣ֮Ȼ漴ӰʧˣӰʧ˲䣬Դըѣյȥݺݵ˵ϣ
ȪһȪڣȻȪУڣЩ㣬ȪյĽţƾߵٻŮΪ塣
ͻȻ䣬ռ䶯һֻ޴۶ݺһץӻûзӦȫץ˴УȻʧˣռָ·ûгֹһ㣬Ůŵü
ƳաĺϿգռ䶯һѪꡣ
ȪкܶطƵپֱʧ˶ֱֳ࣬նɱһ
Ȫеĵһնھˣ֪ҶСĿֲȫһһɼǿҪ赲ҶС硣
ǾۼһһУΪĵط˿϶ҶС粻׶֣Ȼһֱûгȥ
ͨ˵֪֪˰սʤǻҶСʵʲôز϶äĿĳȥ
ҶСӰһϿգĿŻеһУȻ˿ռУͨ˸ͿҲ
ǲҪ𣿳ɣҶСƽ˵
кܶһͷˮ֪ʲô飬ʮһǰδеء
ڳȥ
ʵǲʱȱ𶯣һ̡
ǾͲӦö֣˭ܹõʵôֲȻѾնɱôĸ֡
ǼִֻܹС
Ҫ͵ʲôʱѵһֱȥɣ
ҪȻǳȥһս֪ǵҲô۸ģǾ
ǧҪҪǶͨ˴֣»ĵҲǵĹǸʱ򣬻ìܣһսǸûлᡣ
Ȫڣʣĵֶڷ׷飬һʱ䣬˵硣Ҳ֪ô졣
ǻ۵ʱҶСٴ𣬡ڣ뿪ҪȻʲô£Ҳ𡣡
ҶСӰ֮һɿֲƴȫ
ɾ޴ѹ£Ƿ׷ܣûö೤ʱ䣬ټĻյģֻʣʮ֡
ҶС磬ѵ׼ﶯֲɣһսΧнݻ٣޹֮ˣʱ򣬻ľͻ׷Ρڣһʥصĸ˵Ȼ沿ƽȻһ˿ĽţҶС粻˺ﶯ֡
Ǹ׳աҶСЦһбų⣬ΪڻھͰȫҲãǿҵֶΡ
ϣҶС˫лµĹ켣һâӿܴȥؼ𣬺Х˻
ҶС˫ԽԽ죬ĹâԽԽ࣬ҶСϵЦԽԽ䡣
ڣеĸһͷˮ֪ҶСڸʲô
ҶСеĹâԽԽܼʱһƬռ΢΢𵴡
ڣһʥ֣ĿһĴһã󷨣ҶСҪó󷨽ȫС


1347 ǰС
ϣʥ֣һȥҲ׷Ͻȥ֪һҶС󷨲óɹǱɡ
ҲǵķӦҶС粼󷨲ûп̻ƣһʧѾõӡ󷨣Ӳ󷨵ٶȺܿ죬̻·ó󷨣սĹʵԺǿ
Щĸֶڿ̻·󷨺ϤǶӡ󷨵ȷʵһ㶼Ϊղſռ˼֡
ߣˡʮַ׷ɱҶСЦһ˵˫ֱãһâһ֣⡣
һ𵴣һΧ۵ӡ֣âãһƬһ޴ޱȹĻΧؼ£ڹĻ֮ϣĻԭԽʵ
䡭ڵͼƿĻǣʱĻΧĿռںһҪƳĻҪƳռ䣬ڵ˵ѶȲС
ҶС磬б·ǳȥǳȥһսһʥصĸִһ˵оǷŭһ˿Ŀֻš
ڲ뵽ҳȥһսˣղѾǻˣںúһҲõ󷨵ɣӦøеңǵһʩչɱˡҶСһ˵˫һ߻Ĺâ˻ûա
ľˮףһɱ֡ҶСƵؼ䣬һӡĴ
ڣһƬ飬ӿ룬Щûա
ͻȻ䣬ҶС󷨰ĿռУ籩꣬Ľɫâ۳һڿڳڲȫǿֲޱȵĹ
ҽڲд򶷵Сʱʱڲƽû˴򶷺ͺҶС粢
һһ߳Уͻأ䣬һâնһʥĸ֣Ϣ٣ϵ·飬һƬڣðẓ́ޱȡ
ҶС練־һƣǵҽʥظֺݺݻ˳ȥ˵ϡ
ֻʣһˣãȻûбɱһҪҶС˵һץһεĹâҶСɢȥԴн롣
䣬ҶСջƣһˣĸֱַеķӻ۪ˮ˹ȴûȥҶСǼƻȥҶСնɱˡ
ʣʥ֣֪ҶС룬һĳʥظ־ͱˡ
ʥֿ϶ҲˣѾֵ÷зˣĻǶ붼ܻȥˡ
ҶС߳󷨣վգ룬չʧȵȫӿЩУһööĲޱȣҶСĿ֮£ֳɵȻա
ҶС粢ûнЩ۵ķƻ˵ʱãʧʱչǰֻԭûʡźĻΪһѷ棬ϰ嶼Ҫˡ
Ȫٴβ鿴һ£ȷû©֮ҶСŷ˱
ŮǶûǾۼ¥ǰһƬݵϣݵϷ˺ܶණȫ·֮ġ
ǿѵġôĶҶС翪һЦ
ǱѡľܿһЦ˵ŮϵȻԽԽŪŨˣһһϸ΢Ķܹڡ
žҶСľ̵ܿͦһ£ЦǸ
СܵܣҪ㣿ľܿΪѩۣҶСĲϣҶСǳһרŴ̼ҶС硣
˵ҶСݺݵһľܿ塣
С磬ЩĴָаɣʱŷǧ˹˵
ҪˣľܿһۣתԶҶС磬Ȼ󿩿ֱЦ
ĴָװˣҶСɻʵ
ŷǧεĵ˵ͷ
ðɣҪܼˣͼֽϣһȥǽ췿ݣǵʵҪľͷָӣܼ򵥵ģˣҪľģˣȽ͵˵ҶСԼԴ˵һɨѻһ֮ĶȫҶСĴָС
С磬ʲôʱȥĽѩ֮ɫʵ
һᣬһȥôȲˣҶСЦſĽѩ
Ľѩ˼ĵ˵ͷе㡣
ʲôʱҵģĽѩʵ
ϴΪͻƵʱ򣬻ǵҸ˵Ҫһϲ𣿵ʱҾ׼Сǵļңǵʱ˵õġҶСЦ˵
ʱ˵һڡĽѩ͵ҶСһۣһתûϵô˲֣ҪȻҪߣҾ̫µˡ
ҪҪʱ˸ʮСҶСٺһЦ˵
ȥɣĽѩ̧СźݺݵĲҶСһţҶСЬӡһСӡĽѩļˡ
һСʱʱŮˣҶСŮһ뿪ⶰգȥ


1348 ׼𽨷
Ȫʮ⣬һƬգҶСŮվŮоɻǵҰУûзСĴڣɵýĿͶҶС硣
ҶСһЦûнʲô˫һһõĹâɢ˲䣬ռ𵴣гһţ͸ţıһдС½ء
ŮĿһһоڴ
߰ɣҶС˵һ䣬ȻŮֱӴӹ˽룬ҶС˲䣬ʧ·ûгֹһ㡣
ҶСŮֱСҲƬҷ硢һǰ
ô𣿡ҶСЦЦʵ
Ů·ûҶСĻһ㣬ܵľˮڵȪɵɽȵȣ˵һɡ
ŮӣҶСıһƣȴǸ˵ء
û뵽㻹е۹⡣࿴һҶС˵
ǸҪ屶һƬĺȥ̾һ˵
ʱĽѩʫӨѾĴ߶ۿ¼ңԭֻʣԸȵŷǧŮԼҶС硣
Ҫ̫߳Զһж󷨣һҽ߳󷨵ҪǡҶС纰һһ˭֪ߵ˲ɱУˣͲˡ
ȥĴҶС翴Ůѯʵ
㲼󷨵ɭ⣬һȫܹǳǳһЦ˵ĿŶطϲ
ǸطָŴԽһ׵ĵطʵһط죬ռ΢΢ŤͲ鿴ʲô
ǸطҶǵĲߣҴȥҶС΢΢һЦ˵ûжκͨһ㣬˹ȥ
ŮߵƬŨĵǰʱͣ˽Ų
Ȼϸ΢Һ壿ߵǰ÷ֲˣطٶȿ϶ࡣ΢΢һ˵ȻĿͶҶС磬дһ˿ʣѰҶСǲǾνľϲ
ҶСϹҳһ˿Цݣڵû˵ʱ󣿡
Ůҡҡͷʾ֪
ʱһֺعǿиıĳһʱٵ󷨣󷨴ﵽ˼µʱһ죬Źһ죬ŨоҲõʱ󡣡ҶС绺˵
ҶСĻŮвŹһԾԾԵӣǿ󷨵ļֵ󷨴ڣʱ˵Ҳţ׷ЩһҲٻ¡
Ҫ룬˵һ죬Źһ죬л۵ﵽºЧ󷨲ŸողóʱıԶԶûôãڵʱʮҶСе΢΢˵
ЧѾܺˣУ󷨶࣬һһϵеơ˵
һʱѾˣѡýľ¥ĵص㣬ľ¥󣬿϶Ҫཨֺǵˣ϶ҪھҪƺáҶС˵
ǶţȥŪЩľĻҶС˵һ䣬ʧˣָеĶȫƳϪߵʯϣȻ뿪С
Ҫܳʱˡ࿴һʱ󷨣ȻĿͶ˵
ϵ˵ͷ
ǹȥɣȽһ׼ú󣬽С粼õ󷨵ЧŷǧһЦ˵
ŮŸղŵλȥ
Ľѩ˻ǾһŽľ¥λãͣÿ˽һԺֻһ޴¥ЩҪ⡣
ʱҶС罫ɳĵĸּնһϢѾ˵һƬƣÿǷŭ޲ýҶСնɼΣսʤ˷ŭ
飬һһ飬ǶΪĿǰʺٴɳˣҶСѾɳЩ߽λʥֳ֣ҪȻնɱҶС绹ɼʧ
һͬ⽫ȷŷţĿǰΪҪһǵԺ˵£ֻкг˾޵ĸ֣һܹ棬ҪȻһջį
ҶСԭ򣬵ϵƣǽһ
һҲΣҲûʲô취ѡϣϼ½ʱҶС罫ҲһնɱˣĹִֻܹͬ
ҶС뿪ûö೤ʱ䣬ʮӵʱ䣬ҶС緵ء
ŮŽ췿ݵ£ҶСüʵôûã
ˣڳѾѡˣΨһǣ׼ɶԺģʽͳһֻһ¥ŷǧεʵ
ǵסĵطȽһ¥ľͽɶСľݰɣ˿ҲǺܶ࣬мһܴģʵڲУΪһʱֱӽһ¥ƶҶС˵
Ů˵ͷͬҶС顣


1349 ˰
Ƚһס¥ѡһõĵطѾľ׼ˣ׼һ˼֮ǽ󣬾ͰҶС˵һ䣬ȻһͽָеľȫƵһյϡ
ǧ¥ͽˣҪڼһʱ䣬˶Ƚؾɣ㰲Ҫ˵ǰѡҶСüͷ˵
ж֣ŷǧʵ
ųɵİգع仯ӣǰסҶС˵ɵصĽ㲻ϵ顣
Ҫ㽫ѩϣѩİæ㸸ĸӦûٿһ¡ŷǧ˵
ҶС罫ĿͶĽѩ˿ͷҲá
˵Ǿͽ¥ˡŷǧЦһ˵
áҶСЦЦȽΧСΧ󷨵Ĵ±ôǣǲ̤Σˡ
ҶСüĴεĹâû˵üУɫһ˿΢΢Ĳ԰ף˲ȫת
˼ҶСĽѩշȥСϣŷǧָнľиɸָĳ̲һľ壬Ȼѡһѵλãʼ췿ݡ
˺ûн⣬ܹ壬˵ֻҪͼֽݸͲ⡣
ûö೤ʱҶСͻصѩ壬Դѧһֱ汼ص˼УһܰҸУ·ԼһӴЦĸֱΪһƽͨˡ
С磬ѩǻˡҶСոմӵϹЦݣ۽ǵβƸˡ
ĸ׶ӣ˶ϱ˶Ľѩסһ⡣
ѾǳԷʱˣ֪ԼĶӺĽѩϲˮȣ׼һˮȣĽѩһ԰æĿӵﻹûл
ӿҪúҶСҶĿһ绰
ӻˣֻ˵ļ䣬ÿһ仰жŨŨĹġ
ʮӵʱ䣬ҶĿͻˣ˵ĻȽٵԵʣ˲û˵仰
Էʱ򣬿ڵˮȣҶСܵůҸ
ʰ꣬ҶС˵ѩ飬Լܹ˸ĸҲ罫Ҫҵ˵˳ȥ΢չʾһԼһ˷ĩγ˻桢ȵȡ
ҶĿޱȣԼΣʮӵʱ䣬Ƿ򸾲Żһֹ۹⿴ҶС硣
С磬˵飬Һ趼ţǰ˼ʮĵطȥһİĵطܸо̤ʵҶĿһ˵
֣ҲǵǵİȫҶСε˵
̣С˵ģЩײе֣öӵ˶ɱˣСȻܹΣգοСĵ˺ܶ࣬кöΣСĵ˶вС磬ҲСЩвҶС硣Ľѩ˵
ѩҶСüͷһĽѩԼĸĸΪԼĵġ
ĽѩǸĿһҶС磬Ҳûа취İ취ҶĿ򸾵ǸƸͲ뿪ѩ壬ҶСǷ򸾵п϶ΪҪģĽѩôһ˵Ϊ˶ӵİΣڼ䣬϶ῼǿǡ
С磬ѩ˵Ķ𣿡ҶĿضҶСʵ
ĽѩѾô˵ˣֻܹͷ
ҺͬˣҪ鶼ãд˸ô죿ҶĿӵͷǶûбֱӴӦ
û£齻ǽʵڲԸ뿪Ҿ͸вһ󷨣󷨣ܹ赲һ¸ֵĹΪߵһǲṥӣֻЩΪ΢ŻᣬǸһϵʽһʲô飬Ҳܹʱ֪룬ҶС˵
ô˵ˣҶĿ򸾶˵ͷ
ҶСĶǱ߾ҶĿȥ˼빤ϾúѪԵϵһͬġ
ϵʱҶĿѾ˼빤ҶĻͬǶ֪ҶСȥĵطһСʱ򣬸ΪǳϰߣһСǾͺˡ
ļ˶æʰܹ˴ˡ
ҶСȫ˵˻ѽٵ飬Ҳһڵһɵľ޴ӡǣȻ롣
ҲܹףϾڴ˼ʮ˭뿪ڱ˵ĵطʼûԼĵطйУҶĿ򸾻ǶһҵҶСİȫǶҲ롣
Ϊ˴˵İȫڼ䣬ҶСﲼһ͵ķ󷨣мһЩ򵥵ɱ󷨣ͨ˽ûʲôӰ죬߸ȥ
ҶС罫ҪĶȫ˴ָУȻһ뿪ѩ壬ȥһسǣڶ飬ҪҲһӹȥ
ҶСһһеԥռ飬Ͼ˼άһԽҶС˵飬ҲԸıúӶ鿼ѧǸҶС˵Сϵһʦᵢѧϰʱŷ


1350 ĺ־ǿ
ҶСһСһߴĲ¥Ѿ޽ˣػҲΪʵȫʯػʯľ弸Ϊһ壬ɫΪǳɫЩɫǴӲľĻɫۿһűµĸо
Ůһ߽ŷڵĶһġ
ҶĿ򸾻ҶĻ򸾿ôݺݺŮʱסˣʵںõСϾȻôƯɵĹ
ҶСһӣŮ׷״кμҶС縸ĸеš
ӨŮпϤӰ΢΢һû뵽ӨҲ΢΢һҶС磬ͶĿ⡣
㡣ӨĽһû˵ʲô΢΢һ
ŷǧҶСһ嶼ʶкҶСһһӶ˳ڵֵ̨ǵĿǶϲˣв𾪣˷ܡ
ŮҲҶСһӶкǾһģʱ䣬ҶСľ¥ϴһ۳ķģеĵط·
¥󣬻һСʱʱɣʱľ¥ľϹâת·ľһӱʯ
ʱ¥Ľʵ̶ȴֻҪΪҶС˸ƻݣ˿Էĵȥס
ΪָĿռޣʱûдٶ紲ױ̨̨ȵȶûд
¥ĺҶСȪ۪ˮǺС֮ܣȱʲôʹӱá
Ϊ˲ľ¥󣬱еĶͿˡ
һʱ䣬Žȫʰˣÿһ䶼õĺܵλϵͳҲװɹ¥ϳ̫ܵذĵȫ㹻ʹãˣÿ컹ܹһֵ硣
ҶС縸ĸһӶвסΪũˣ޽ҾߵȵǶɡ
ڿĶأרΪֲһ߲ˣŷǧǱҪһͼֽȻ޽ͤȵȶ
ԴˣҶС粢ûֹ
ҶС׼ŮĸĸӦŮûͬ⣬ʶ֪ȥҲǰȥ˶ӣһӣǲԭĵطҶСŮȵĽٺٽǶӦ
ڷǱǴ˵ʱһֻҪҶСܹͻƣǵΪܹܿٶȿֲޱȡ
æµŸָ飬໨һڵʱ䣬ҶСĴŮʱ
ʱ󷨲ŸողòõԭڵǺܶ࣬һʱҶСԸоһ˿˿ת˳
ҶСԼֹͣΪʱɵӰ켫Ϊ޴󣬵ֹͣʱ󷨹Ȼȫȶ
ҶС˵ûʲôӰ죬Ͼ磬ΪҪģǴҪģ͸ԺҪٶȱ֮ǰ֪ٱһˮһɿݵĳӿٶȵȻȳˮʱ졣
УҶС󷨣̺͸󷨣ع϶˽⵽һľ硣
ҶСһҲʼˣȻǶ鲻ǺϲҶСȰ˵£ÿնһʱ䡣
ʱСϣʣҶСһӺͺ
Ϊ̫͵Եʣһȥ͸оͷκĸСȥҲóһۣ쾳Ӧʮʱ١
ϲƫĳɽУһУûһ˿廹ûгʬߵȵȣ֣һǲŸոʬ壬һֿ˻û
ɫΧɫѾȥ˺ܾã˵˻û
·Ϊ֤˲ûˡʼڵѪҺɾֹ״ָ̬ƽ
ϣӣһ䣬ͨǿĶ࣬Ѫɫâƣа񡢲б
ͻȻ䣬˫ĿѪɫâų̴˵档
Ѿ˺ܾˣǶΪѾˣЦţǧҪ㣬ҪȻһǹһҲı䣬ҿôҵҪȻٺ١Ȼ˳ȥѪӱϿǸһͨһ㡣
Ǻ־ǿ
־ǿ֪ԼǸɽУ綼ҪǳҪﶼڣƭȡһʥ۷ĸ֣Ǹ˵һ޴ѪأֻҪ϶ͻƵʥԸʥ۷ĸȥǸط
ʱҪöԷնɱ
Ȼ֣־ǿѾʧȥûʲôвԣֵȻͬˣܹͻƵʥÿ˵룬ִˣҪͻƼΪѣΪǸ˺ϧλᡣ
־ǿ˳ȥں־ǿĴȷʵҵǸѪأֻӭĲǵõѪصʱѪѪҺеûбգһѪȫˡ
һжǺ־ǿİ֣һεѾýޱȣ·Ȼǻġ


1351 Ϊ
ǸһѪպ󣬺־ǿԷ˳Լ·ͶԷ·ҲԼϵһЩǸϣȻǸ˵ԴһϡãȻԼһѪҺע뵽Ǹڡ
ҲΪĳ̶ֳϴﵽĿЧ
־ǿʧȥһѪҺʱϽѪأȵͬõһ㡣
ûö೤ʱ䣬ȫָˣΪҲָ˰ʥ硣
Ǹ˻ɽҰУԼУһѪһ·һ㣬ҲΪ˶ѪӰЩ˵Ѱ
ԼǸ˻Ѫ֪ѪӰܹ֪ܲѪӰĸһᵽġ
ȻΪһ˵ʱкü˶Ƭо
֪Լȴ˶ãоܳʱû˾СĴ˳
ʧȥһЩҲõһЩܴʱѾûǰϵǲȫȥˣ־ǿҲῴ˵ɫ
ŷһƬƣӵܲϵʧ٣ǼλջʧٵĲЩѪϵѪԵ֮ˣѪ˵ĺԱ
ڴ£ŷĵһǵ޹ΪǼǵʲô֣ȻҲɹҶС磬ŷԱʧٵʱڣҶСûһųˡ
ûҵ鵽ԱʧٵԭŷԱȥ
һµСԺڣһɫų۵ŷһʯϣһëĹһֻһ˳ӣ·˵ĸ
һֻǱҶСײŷѪһֻ˹ѿʵѾ졣
Ǳŷȴ˳ԺС
ΪҪˣҲԼһѪɣþöûԼˡŷ΢΢һ̾˵
˶٣ֻ˵ԺֻҪĵĸңҲôжģҾƤˡ
ءֻĽʾԼͬ⣬¶һĨĿ־壬е΢΢ķ
ŷĵһЦһзȵӣЦȴŨ塣
󵱳һֻһŷѾָյķɣ֮ǰΪʡ
ҶС磬㾿ڴʲô⣿ѵƾҵֳȥŷ𣿡ŷĵΪһҶСлĪĺ⡣
ĸ硭ʱһ漴һӰ˽
ǣˣŷһЦ˵ЦǷĵģûаαʵ֮ʱУֻŷһ˹οһѪˣԶǵá
˵ĸͻʥǰϲһ¡ŷǳǳһЦգŴ峺۾һ˿ĵƤԾȻһ޻ɵĸоŷĿһ˿ʧ
崿Ůмˣ·뵽ʲô⣬ɫָ
ŷһϷһĨ΢죬ղŷĵʧһĻǿУһ˿ۡ
Ǻǣлл㣡лЩҵİοֻҪڣҲκ˺㡣ŷļᶨ˵
ŷ¶Ůɬŷߵʯϣһ˵Ҫ˵ллԶǵĲĸ硣
˵ţԴпŷĵļϣѣŷûзԣԴ˲䣬֣оʱԼҸޱȡ
Ҹô򵥣ԼϣɹʵʱǸʱ̣оҸĸо
ŷĿ崿Ů¶˱Ѿߵһ򣬲֪δôͻر֣ȻмϿĳͷŷԼ
ΧĺһϣͶĽںϣһζ
һšʻŵԺУһɫһ÷£һϵĵ伮ĿţһĴȻ˿ֹȹһ¶ڿУڽ״һƬƬķҶ£һּȹµľ
紵𣬷·˵ʲô
ʱһŲһźɫȹ˿ߵ˴󣬴·ûŮӵĽŲһ㣬鼮
㣬㵽ڿ飬ĳˣ˿ͻȻ˵
·Ǳ˿һ΢΢˶˫ĿһĨɫâҫ
顣˵֡
ҿǰɣ㣬ĶˣҪȻ㻹ܹѡ飿ղʱ㶼û㣬Ҫȥһ˻İɣ˿˵
΢΢һżֹâ漴ҡҡͷãûеĵȥˡ
ϣŲһصķҶϣһȥþûص
Ů˻涼ǿķǡ˿ſŴıӰ˵
ˣҲŮˡһС࣬ȻŴ׷ȥ
»һ޴תۡţӡѡ


1352 ѩƮ
ƬƬһһһ㣬һֻһֻ¶ڿУͷԼķҷһµʱܿ͹ȥˣһŮͻʱ߳⣬ʱ䶼жȹҶСԴ̤Уûٳ·Ѿʧˡ
ҶĿֵľĵԭѾһͤǻ˼ʯС·ʯС·רΪߵģĵطӲȫȥˣ˸ָĻ䣬һ£ֲ˴Ĳݮ
ǽһƬľһʱ䣬֪ԼĶӵж໨ˣϵЦȴŨңĸ׵ĺ޲еĺŮ˸ԼĶӵţεʲôʱܹһˡ
һǶ綼һƬƽ߽붼Уɺ̵飬еӵܶ˻ȥÿһڻ
ȥһ£һѾҳ˹ӣޱȾȵӺһ棬ƫƫӨҶ
עǺܲƽһ죬¡¡оӨѩ£ʮȵﾹȻѩƮ䣬ѩɲˮľ壬۵ѩŨ
ܿǱ㷢ѩĲͬѩƮڽǵУвģħûģӽˣ·һ㣬˵ϸԣӭ˵ڶ
һ۵ѩϯ½е˶࣬ʮ˿ʮһ㡣
һ¼úܶ˶ˣνרҲͲ
ҹԲ̣ؼв֪ʳһаһϣԸ񶼼Ϊ꣬·һͻᱬըһ㣬ܶŹ󲻶ϷһϿ˵ƽɺҵһϡ
ʱҶСͻȻ˫ĿʱһĪĸоҲ֪Լô״̬˳
ҶСü׼ٴν״̬ǣоϲʺ·ʲôҪһ㣬˵ĵо
վһɨеŮ״̬üĿ֮һɷ֮
ϲʺǶȥݽҲһʽҶС˵ÿ˵Ķߡ
һ߳ҶСͳһУƽĶʯ·ϪһͤʱһȻ漴ЦЦ
С硭Ӵ˳һǴȰϲ
衭ҶСϹҳһ˿Цݣ֮ͤеĸ׻к
ʱŮ˳
ˣɻʵôȥˣ
ϸоʺ벻״̬ŷǧüͷ˵
һΪҶˣܸоƵĻţҲӡ˵
ʱ˶ĿͶҶС磬·ҪҶСҵ𰸡
ôңҲմг֪ʲô顣ҶСЦһ˵ǻ潫Լ֪ˡ
ţҳȥʲô¡ҶС˵һ䣬ռ䵴Ӱ˲ʧˡ
ҶСߺͺŮԵʮֿġ
ããϣҶСӰͻأ̵֣ͬԲµҫƺ»¡
Ҳ֪ΪΣ»ԸһּΪĸо·ĳ
ҶСüͷؼأһֹɭɭĸо
ô£ҶСȫչԲһٶķΧ֮С
Ȫе˵ľٶӲĲ鿴
һӺ󣬴ڶϢҶСѾ֪հѩƮⶼһףס
֪ЩѩǾޱȵûаôྫĸı壬ºܶ˶ܲסŨص
ȷʵҪд鷢ˡҶС˵ƾ߳һѾ˽ĵط
һйرյë׶չ˿ɲǼ䣬һɿµڲһʱ䣬Ʊãؼپ£·ܵĳٻһ㣬֮ҲһҶС˶ΪģԲʮڣɣȫ۳
ҶС御ʱǸɿݵĳסˮ
ҶСΪ˲Ӱ󷨵Уرëףֹա
£о죬ʱ䣬ҶС罫Ժеȫ͸ˣңеҲȫˣˣع˺ܶ࣬˿ռİռʥӦյյĶǺ͸
˵ҶС񹦣ͲտռΪΪһȫ⣬ޱȣҪĨɱһˣһ֮ѣͲҪʲôռ鷳
Դ̫֮зâ֮ʱܹˣҲܹЩع򣬿˵ҶСѾ߳һԭ˹켣
˹ơ


1353 칷ʳ
֮ڲϾ£ӿҶСڣҶСϵԽԽֲ
һ˶ʮӵʱ䣬Χɢȥ
ҶСʵѾﵽ۷壬һܹﵽڡ
ʱϢȶȫһͨˣĥϣ˼˵似ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ԽԽˣֲЩܶϼʥصΪҶС΢΢һ̾˵
˵Ƭٴα仯һ˵ٶȶ
ҶСǰ̤һһӾͳȪϿգУɹŨҵ֮ӿУûг֣еֺ쳾֮˺ܶ࣬Щ仯ġ
Се˶ڲܶط˳ͻΪһСС飬ʹ֡
𣬷·ŲϵİҶС˷ᰣǸʮ㣬ʮ־ǿŮˡ
ɢ鿴һ½ͬѧǶŬĸϰȴеĲɣȻкܶй䣬Ҳһᱧŵ
ӵ˵ѾˡҶСһĨлɫӰʧգϿա
ɨжԺг֣ǸŮ˴һ۶ȥһ˪϶ĳµصʻȥһжҶСС
ĳһҪ鷳ˣҶС΢΢һЦ
ʱ磬һЩ˼ĵط˼ʮʥ֣Щ¶һĨڴһ˿˷ܡ
ЩԽһԼʮװ뾶Ϊ׵ĸ߸߼̳̳ȫɰɭɭĹͷɣһɭȻͷƤ֮ɢΪ΢߿һĻԻľ߻ħ
̳˺һɫѪɫ壬Ǳһ㣬ЩȫѪҺɵģѪɫϿ̻··򽣬ֺĳ֣һһͬһǳɣȫһ𣬿ۡ
Ȼ⸱·˾û˼·ܹϵ𺳡
һԶŲϢ·д˸ܵһֻҰսҷŵϢ
ЩɢϢʥַ·Ƕڵȴô
Щ飬ҶСͲ֪ĸҲ֪Ƕķ˶һϣһ²ؼӣ·һнͨˣЩϹŶ
Уһ̯λǰ˴ģĴ¼ʮ˶żһ໥ɱѪ߰ߣ̯λεһأޱȡ
ⳡƴʮˣ˶ٶܵһ˺
Ѿǣ˵ȫҽԺ
ɫѿĿЩ˱ͷڵϵˣһ˫Ŀâ
ѵ㲻öԸЩˣеС𣿡ͻȻһ漴ҶСӰ֡
ҶСᰲ˪ӻгһĨ΢΢ļ
ûĵļһ⼸ҿ㶼ȫˡһ˫Ŀһɨ˵
ôأⲻǽˣ´󣬸߰ɣѾͻˣڹֵĻ϶ֵע⣬Ϊڸǰ̫Զˣǻ˺㡣ҶС翴ŷ˵
֪ϲ참᰿һҶС磬ȻĿͶ˱𴦡
ף֪ܲǰһʱ䣬ʥˣ׼ֶԸǣҺǻ֪ǵĹϵҪȻὫֲˣ˵жٵˣ³ǱߵķѾȫݻˣҵ˼ҶС綢ŷ˵
᰽Ĭ
÷ֵʱҪ֣ʵֵܹסһУҾư飬ҪȻ͸ߡ
㲻ҵ鲻ҪܡЦһ˵
˼άڲͬΪİȫǣʵٵȻٸԼϲ顭˵ţҶСֹͣ˻̧ͷ̫ȥ
᰼ҶСͻȻ䲻˵ˣҲ̧ͷȥֻҹУıڵסˡ
ʳ˵е΢΢ɻ
칷ʳ¡ҶСʧ
ᰲĽĿͶҶС磬֪һԸܳȵҶСôͻȻʧ̬
칷ʳ²ʳ;ɳ𣿡ʵ
ǣҲǡҶСɫ˵ʳʳֻǳѣ칷ʳ²ͬȻҲתģһеа֮Ϊʢȫѹƣһֺܶµ顣
ЩԶҶСԴеģе֪ʶԶͷһ㣬ղҶСһ칷ʳԺͻȻϢ鲻Խĺ˳
ҶСһǷ᰻кԺ鱾֪٣ҲѧϰصĶʲôа֮֮ĺס
㿴ԵǲȾһѪɫҶСָҹе˵
ȾһѪɫѵǲǺϼ𣿡ɻ˵


1354 ѪɫԲ
ᰵĻҶСЦˣڵҹкϼ
ڲǼ𣿡ᰵҶСһۡ
ʥа֮Ⱦˣοͨˣһ칷ʳ¹̾ͳ׵ıΪѪɫʱܹĸܵؼı仯ˡҶС˵
ʱ򣬺ܶ˶ĿͶҹգһ˿һ˿ʳԲ£ֻҪߣжһ˿˵ǹʲôĪļΪ졣
Ƭ̺ҹֻʣΧһȦѪɫмĲֳױڰ赲
¡
ͻȻ䣬𵴣·ǴƲ£ֲڵЩȫմȾ˼صа֮·ҪͿ̿Ҫ˼
ҶСһεɢͷ֣ʹаܹ֮롣
ʱܶΪа֮壬˫Ŀͨ죬·ʧȥһ㣬аˣһ̼䣬аŴ󣬷·𱻿һ㣬֧Щǰ顣
ꡭͻȻһѪɫҹлôҫۣһѪɫͬǰһ㣬ڵҹĻУѪɫ绨Ʋߡ
ͻȻ䣬ͭǮһСвӵʱ䣬һΪ
СϽǶϡʱᰶſЩ˫ֱͷڵϵﷸһ˵
СľΧüϽЩﷸѹ򾯳
Щﷸ˫Ŀͨ죬һҪӣǾϵƺӽضžϵľѺʱûʲôⷢ
һ겢ͨ꣬ǴѪɫˮԵüΪֲ
ܺڰУƲܺ񣬵ȴȻ赲ס»ǿµĶ
ʱмĺӰȥ¶Ѫɫһ̼䣬Ƶа֮Ҳ֪ʲôطк£еа֮Ũˡ
ϵĺӰȫȥʱһѪɫԲ¹ҹգұһĸо
ʱ򣬺ܶа˱ˣǷ·Ƿһ㣬ߵ˹ڣЩҵţ·ҪϣǲͣĺУ·Ұһ㡣
Ļ½̫ƽޡŷޡ޴½޴½ϼ½߸һ˼ĵطЩʥоǼھǲԶĵطһռ΢΢⴦ռصĹâҫķγɣ·Ƿӡʲô
ƽЩļΪãа֣ؼа֮ŨȼһѹסǷĲõĹâ
Ҫͨˣʼһȣгǰδеغͼ߸򼸺ͬһʱڣеĸѪɫܹ׹ɭɭļ̳
̳ϣѪϵ·ˣ·ȫ֮ʱһɿֲѪɫ֮ϵѪɫ໥ӳġ
ʱ̳һֲ࣬ѪɫӿһĵĿռ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ءɽɽȵȳȥŷ⣬ĴڵصĽУֳ˽ȥһƬƴĿռ䣬һͷĽɫ·գݺύ·һ㣬ÿһҪĽ㣬һĸʬ
ЩɲǸʬǻĵϹŶǣǷ·ػһƬطѹʲôƻ
ʱ𾪵һĻˣӸؽڶȫһƴĿռ䡣
֮ѪƳӡǣ;еĹȣصԭ㡣ƴƬ
ЩЩĸġ
һĻЩϹŶǣһɫѿޱȣͷвãû뵽徹ȻҪĵطıֿЩѾ͸˸Ϊˣǲܹ롣
ɶ壬ȥһϹŶŭĺһռ·Ǳһ㣬ȻݺݵŤ۵
ۡʥɹѪЩѪһγһķģҫĹâһɲֲɢ·ֲع
˭Ҳ赲סǵĽ٣վȫΪǵʳ˭Ҳ޷赲ſЦƬлص
·ܼЩϹŶһɰͰ͵ȻֲϢɢϸ·Բ԰׷˲īƳʧֲƬյ
һƬռ䶼·ܲסǵƣҵĲ˫Ŀ磬Щ֡
ݺύĽɫ·ޱȣõĹâа֮ѹơ
ҪնɱǣȫƳȥһϵ˴һ˵Ѿˣʹնɱ˶ԷԷѪҺܹ۳ЩģЩѪɫĸĸо
˵ĻϹŶ׷ʩչԼƿգҪЩļһȫƳռ䣬ƾôƶǲֺܹ·ЩѾΧĿռΪһ
ٺٺ٣Ҫ׷ˣ˭Ҳ޷赲ǵĽ٣һռŷĹâһһԱֲƵƬռ䣬еĽɫ·Ӱ


1355 ½
һռУƺϯ·ǳˮһ㣬ſµĸʴԣЩϹŶҲòΧùĻ
һɹѪҺۣһѪɫƯգЩ֮ȫѪһ
ЩѪɫģǧҪᣬҪȻȱǲµķӡͻᱻơϹŶ˴һЩѪɫĹȥ
ֲ糱ˮӿҪɢ۳Ѫɫġ
Ѫɫķ·ع˹µѪɫǰʱһн£赲Ѫɫǰ档
ɶ񡭡˫Ŀâųһ𹥻
ûõģʴ֮գؼа֮ǣǵʵѹˣǵĹ֮ǰҪǿܶ౶ʱһѪɫӰЦһ˵
ұ졣һϹŶŭĺһһץһƬվͱˣһѪɫ˲顣
նաһϹŶһйâã۳һѳӶղһڵĿռѷγɣѷΧĿռ䶼ˡ
˲Ѫɫ·նϡ
˾һĻˣЩնϵķ·ĳһ㣬øΪá
һƬռ䣬ϹŶЩѪɫģǣһж·ѾעˣԸı䣬еѪɫһһɺƴبµϢ͸ϵϡ
ѵһѾע޷ڸı𣿡һĻһϹŶ૵
ʱĻ߸ڣֲѪɫӿ̳ˣɢаΰһɹӿ˲ĵǴռ䡣
Ҫɹˣƴһ¡һ˺ڶ֣Լеȫ˰׹Ǽ̳УЩѪӰַ׷壬ǵӰģһѵӣߵ˹ȥ˰׹Ǽ̳һ֡
Ȼ䣬׹Ǽ̳˿µĹâڶ𣬷·ѪɫԲµ
ԼǸ󣬰׹Ǽ̳һռײȥµа֮֮ռ𵴣飬Ʒ·ǵĩһ㡣
ؼЩ仯е߶֪Ҳ֪彫ҪˣһʱΣе߶ѹΪ飬ûֹܹ
ѪȻ½¡¡֮𣬷·ôʲôһ㡣
䣡׹Ǽ̳һӽһռ䣬Ľɫȫ飬ߴĽɫͬһʱ䱻ġ
¡
ʱôؼÿ˶һ·ĳּһ㣬վҵĲɹͬһк£ؼӡ
죬½˺ܶ౶Ҳһÿһ޶һۣ·Ҫ۳һ飬һɲϵϢƬӡ
ظı䣬Ի͵ʱ֡
һʱҲһѪɺԹ۵ʱ
ƽ˶£վǱˡ
ܶڸ̾ǵǲɣ֪ʱĵǸǻ
ʱϹŶǴУ޹Ľɫ·ȫ飬Ѫɫų˶ĿĹâ·ܹᴩŽ
䣡
ءɽɽ֡䵱Ѿ˴ڵأѪɫͻգƿ󷨣𣬳δ֪
ʮѪɫؼ˵ۣе˶һĻһƣз
¡¡¡
𵴣ÿһοռ䶼ڻζ·Ҫһ㡣
̫ƽϿգռŤѷ֣һɿֲԹŵϢѷдһ޴ޱȵӰ£·Ҫռһ硣
̫ƽϿգϼ½ϿաӡϿաϿաϿնѷ죬·һȻｫҪ١
찡ʲô
ò˵ķɴ
ҿһײ򡣡
̫ƽطϿգһ޴ޱȵĺӰ£ͬ͸˲ռһ㣬һĻĸַ׷ź桢壬
źӰĻ䣬ԼԼʲô
źӰʱе߶һž޴ĺӰ˵ķɴҲʲô֮ģ½ء
ȻƬƴ½ҪĻǶô˵顣
С磬ô£ɻʵ
ҶСһ˫ںҹĹâ·ܹգһ˵ĵطҪˡ
û뵽ΪЩĸִͨͨ٣û뵽ȻƬ½٣սҵǰѾʼˡҶС̾һ˵
ֽ٣黹̫أʱֻҪͨȫնɱЩ־УĴ½٣൱ڶԷҪˣս϶ǳڵĳ־ս
Ĵ½ٵǵ磿ظһ䣬ޱȣ·ѾѪǧĲһĻ΢΢һҶСֽ֣Ͱο


1356 ſ
ҵĵİɣҶС΢΢һЦ˵
ᰵͷûٶײҶС磬ܾ̫ƽϿǴӰ֪ǣܹԹŵϢѹϢаѪȺս
ҶСĵһ첻µز£չ黹һŮӣҪҸ
䣡
ֲ죬·ĳֶըһ㣬ʮѪɫâ˸ΪǿҵĹâûգϹŶڵǹɿռˡ
ЩϹŶ֪Ѿ޷ֹһϽ뿪Ǵռ䡣
ƬռʱϿյĿռ䶼ھŤ·һεӰһ㣬ʥĸָոջնɣ˲ͱŤĿռ˺ޡ
ʱһƬɫâбųᴩأҫŽһȻؼа֮ȫڣѪɫԲҲΪʥɫĸʥˡ
ɫâ۳һΰӰһӰ·صļبų棬ɶҡûܹһΰӰơ
һ̤أͷµӰ۳һɿֲϢϯӣе˶ݹ˵طһϵѹ˲𳼷֮С
ȻҲһЩΪûйݡ
ҶСҲһֹȥĳ嶯սʤ飬ֱսҶСĲҲӲûаݹ
Ϊȡһʱ⣬һ彵٣Ϊʮڣʮڿس񡣡ƴؼ𣬴ÿһ˵ĶС
е𶯣һĨ˵ı
ʱһɫ۶ɣ׻붼ɼڶΣɢ
ϷһƬ죬ȼܻ棬ֲ¶߲Ŀռѷ죬һֻڻ裬߰Դʻĳ궼һȡ
һɱ¾֮һֽƣĽɫâÿһâ·ܹռ䣬һֻ޴ޱȵİ׻ڶâҫۣе˼̧ȥ
һɺƴ˳ڱճ֣һƬ˱գе˶ܹĿ˳ĹһСڵУСڵԽԽڿӣֻǾ޴ޱȵ꣬һɲɣޱߵˮӿ
ĸλֻ޴ޱȵޣһĻˡ
ķޣ졣ɫӰ޴ֱۻռ飬عдһһӵлصĸλ޻Ϊһ⣬һ
һ̣˲ޱȵĹââʧֻнɫӰؼ䣬̫ƽ崦طϿһڽ˿ռУ½ֹͣ˽£·𱻹̶
𣡣
˻
ֲʵ巽½ϴϴЩմ·иҪһռϡ
ô£ôѵѪӰ屻ƭ˲ɣһģĺħ塢ľ塢塢塣ϼ½һΪӵĵطһѪɫӰеһ޴ĺӰǷŭ
ϵˣΪͨЩͨѪӰܹ٣ͬʱ١
һ巽½ܹȫعǸ˵Ϊ¡
ѪӰַ׷ۣȫǷŭһȻҲΪṩ˱
ôãǸûرʱˣߣЩζʳڵǡһѪӰ˵Ȼűжȥ
УɫӰ˫ȻɫâֽɫâӵϵܣҶС綼оԼĹâͽɫâ޷Ƚϡ
ʱͻȻ䣬һӲӵŻһŻ·ͨһ硣
ſ֮˽Կɽ롣ɫӰƴؼ漴ɫӰɢ·ûгֹһ㣬ղŵһͬλһ㣬ͨ˼ÿ˶ԼĶ
Ȼֻһ۵ӰһΪһ񾳸֡ҶС
ǸӰ̫ˡᰶ˵һ䣬Ǽᶨ֮ɫ
ͨ˰ɣȥΪͻܿӡҶС΢΢ͷᰡ
ãΪܹٵͻƣҪ㳹׵եɣ춼²˴һݺݵӿҶС硣
㣿Ǹʵ
ҽȫϣҾͲж᰺ݺݵĶҶС˵
ٺ٣²˴
ϿգӰվŻϷյǵɫţоǲ֮ɫ
̵ģǸ̬ҲѾˣ治֪귢ʲô£ƨˡ̲סһֿڣȫûиֵ
϶ʲôıʵҶ֪ԼǱ˭ˡޱƵ˵ΪԾһĹ񣬾Ȼ֪ôģ̫ˡ
˵ĲİɣһŵĿŹ˵


1357 ǰ
ô˵飬ѵܹƭ㲻ɣƵķһ䡣
һл㣬㵱ң˵Ǿ֪ʲô顣бųâ˵
Ҳܹң㵱谭ҡ˵
֮һսɫҫŷϵܣ˫Ŀ򶫷·ܹ͸һУҲ֪ܲܽǸ̬ʮ
ôҪ𣿡ƽѯһ䡣
ȷʵûС˵ͷ
Уһտĵطµľ콫ȴؾ֣Լе飬Ͳȥˡ
ЩߺҶСŷ᰷վգңɫâ۵Ĺš
ǲǿԽ᰿һ۽ɫţȻĿͶҶС硣
֪һȥһԡҶС˵
ʱͻأ䣬Ӱվ˽ɫǰɢֲƣһµĸоһ֪ЩЩܾõϹŶ
ԶԶŽɫǰЩˣܾЩǧ֮Զڽɫŵӳ£ҶС绹ܹš˫Ŀһ¶ʥϵĸ֣¡
ͻȻ䣬ҶСǰһ׵Ŀռһ˿˿ĵһسȹŮӳ֣ŮӻɢһɳʣΧĿռ죬·һһܹ֮
ŮһĨɫɴòϿһ
һŮӣҶС綼֪ԷصǰҲֻɵŮӲôߵ衣
Ů˫Ŀйâɫ⣬Ŀһ˿棬һ˿ɻ
ҶС磿Ůӿ˵Ϊһַǳеĸо
ҾǣɵˣҶСʵ
㣿㻹ǸȤˡŮƽ˵Ӧ֪ɣ
֪һֱѰңǶûѰҵõҶС統Ȼϣ˭֪ŮӶʲô̬ȡ
Ĳ֪Ůӵһ֣һɿֲƱŷҶСΧĿռ̣޴ѹѹϣ·ѹ˼ɽ
ҶСҧţȴûκεĲʣܹŮӶƺͿռþȷʲô硣
ѹԽԽҶСϵͷâ֮ŷĹǵ춯һҪ˵ĸоˣŬļš
ҶСӣ᰸ɵۣһҲܶ˵˵ʱᵽʲô֡
ҶСͷ˺飬ҧÿ졣
ͻȻѹʧĿռҲָƽ
ҧҪҧˡŮ˵¶һ˿ͣһ˿Ц⡣
쵰ûаɣᰵĵĿҶСʵ
ҶСһȻ󳤳ҡͷ˵û¡
ѰǲΪ˱ɱһ£̵ԸԲġҶС翴Ů˵
̵ĹϵܺˣŮһ˫ܹһеУһĨʡ
ɣѣԸġҶСƽ˵
ŮӾĿҶСû˵ʲôƬ̺󣬻˵û׼Ϊ̣ǼѾˣѪӰռһӵ壬Ȼٶħ͵Ϯɱ˵ţѾǼصĵ˳ͷ
ҶСû˵ֻǾš
ҵ˼Ӧף̣ԶɵġŮӺƽ˵
˶٣ҶС磬ܲʱԼᣬʵܹһЩһâ̫¶˼ʣӦףĵ˲ǻĵЩ壬Ҫʼһ㣬ÿһ̶ǷǳģҲǸ棬һ˺նɱ㣬Ϊٸ߶ԵֵȻλǰ֣λǰҲϣͻһЩڶ
лл档ҶСͶȥһĨм֮ɫ
лҲϣһûʱزۣʱĻȥǻһλǰƳĶӦòʲôΣգһȥŮɫĹţ˲ʧˡ
ǸŮӵΪ̫ˡŮʧһ󣬷еµ˵
ֻҪŬҲﵽǸġҶС簲ο
𣿡ɻĿҶС硣
ǾҪҲšҶСϴЦ˵
ߡֻһû˵ʲô
ʱͨ˶۷׷ף϶˺ܶͼƬѪɫԲµͼƬߵնͼƬ
֣϶죬ܶ񶼴绰ѯµôһ£Ҫһ˵
ܹýǸνĹ񣬵Ǿ˼¼ǵĶҡˣصı仯ǸоеƻãؼǵɫӰֱͺûʲô
һеһж˼𺳣ȻһʱԽܣеɫĹâţͨȺУ˵һе˵˵ķɴе˵ʱճ涴
£ûӦҲֻ˵ڴ»һϸĵ飬ȻһĴ𸴡


1358 
ռӡѣ½㽵٣ط˾޴ı仯ȣ֮ǰҲ˺ܶ࣬һ
عԽƣΪ߿ĸܵ˵Ϊа
ǰŬ¿๤ʮǶʮܹĵطͻƵ죬ʥͲ룬⻹ееԵˡ
ͨĲܹͨ˿һֹں۷ˡ
˵Щ΢еʵˣп߸̵ʱ죬ʥŬһҲܹͻơ
ر仯øΪף׿׿֮ûʲôѹǣֻҪʱ䣬Իһɳ졣
ڰգʱʱһùâʣǶʥ֣ҲڽңеĽɫš
ɫŸһִֺ롢졢بŲɣĸоܻûվڽɫǰѾܵԼС
عǰѾվ˺ܶӰǶĪĹš
ಡȳֵļΪĸַ˽룬оͰոպҶС˵ɵŮӡ
Щ˽˽Ŀ˿òûʲô壬οɫӰҲ˵Խ룬һ˽˽ɫţһֱŹ̬ȡ
쵰ҪҲȥ᰺ĶŽɫ˵һԾԾԵӡ
ȥҶСʵҲһҪȥĳ嶯Ͼÿһ˶δ֪ﶼһġ
롣۾˵ͷ
˿ɫǰһܼӰҶС˵ͷ˵ãһȥȸȥһط
ϣҶСŷնȻʧںڰлһ⡣
̫ƽգһƬ½ʣ·ǰؿռ䣬һֻɹ۶ɴĸоͺƺ¥һ㡣
Ҳۼ˺֣ܶЩһⶼʥǿߣǿƬģģ·ǸһɴǸһռ䡣
ҶСŷᰳֿҶС磬ɫ˱䡣
磬һУҶСķͷʢնɱʮʥֵ飬úܶΪ֮ǽһʥִģ¼ҶСĺպ磬Уûм˲֪
ҶСվһ򣬺ܶԶԭɷ񣬵ȻЩ˾վǶдʥ۷壬أصĸ֡
ǾڵĴ½һŴӢӹ˺ɻ
ţ׼ȷӦ˵ǺħĴ½ҶС˫Ŀбâ·̴˿ռ䣬ǸһĴ½
ղһӰǸ½зɹǵӰǺħ֮˵ӣˣһƬ½ϵĿռһֻҺڵħԣﲻƶϳ½ǺħڵĴ½
ħ壿
峤࣬мӲӲףе̣ǿȼ󣬱ˣǵΪɫǿҵƻԣʴԣ֮ͬУֺܹǡҶСΪ᰽͵
û뵽ҶСѶںħ֪ͦ١ʱһе⡣
ҶСŤͷȥֻʮ״һɫ۵Ŀһ˿ͣһ˿⡣
ʥ죬Ǹ֣ҶС
˽⵽һЩѡҶСǫ˵ӣԹںħ֪ʶӦ֪Ĳ١
ҶС罫ĿͶߡ
ߺǺһЦһӣ֪ҲǺܶ࣬˵ħҲ࣬ȻѡֽԭǶǸӡ
ţǰ޴ع󣬴ޱߣΪʥǿ߶಻ʤǸҲǱȱȽǣֻ֪ʲôԭȫʧˣҲûǸ˳֣½ı䣬С˺ܶ࣬عҲ仯ˣ̤֮;
ЩĴ½ԭڵֻǲ֪ʲôԭŲƵȿռ䣬Щ½½٣عҲָҪȻԺභҺȱ˺ֹ֣ܹ½׽һʱ䣬ҪȻȻɱܹʣһΪߣͨ˸޷档ߵء
ߵĻҶСͬȷʵˣûκε׼½٣˵϶һ޴ѡ
ĪǰҲĸ֣ҶСѯʵ
ֻҪǻþԶˣһûмǰʱ岻Ǵӷӡͨн٣ѣȴ½٣һǴսʱڣϣһܹ׼㡣΢΢һ̾˵
ЩûбκˣĸֶĻһĬŹâ֪Щʲô
ߵһҶСеԽԽˣû뵽½ǰпҲǵ½һ֣ô˵ǰҲ硣
ߡʱͻȻ䣬һ·Խ˿ռһ㣬ڶֻһ⾯衣


1359 ʮ
̫ƽϿƬ纣¥Ĵ½ڣһӰһħ֣ϱɫӲװ򡢸첲⣬ϥǵȹؽڴȫǼ̣ɢһɺ⣬ΧĿռ䶼΢΢
һͷŨīĳԺа죬˫Ŀйâ䣬·ܹռ䣬ղǵġ
һħΪͶʥصΪ
΢΢ͷһۣǲм漴ʧ
ΪħֵݶԲ󣬿ӣĺϣλǰʮܹıʵתԶյš
ʮڣҶСɻĿߡ
λǰƵഫǰ׼һߵȵ磬Ϊ磬ƻ߰յȼֲУϧߵȵôƵģʧˣһƷ˵
·ǿҶСɻı飬жĿ⣬ٴ˵ЩҴӹż֪ģһ½ٵʱ˵ǻᲢս
˵꣬߾ʧˡ
쵰Ǹ˵ΪҲܸߣɻʵ
֪Ӧúܸ߰ɣҶС˵һ䣬Էʵʥ죬˭֪ûء
ȥſҶС΢΢һЦ˵һ䣬Ȼշȥ
ʱҫΰǰվѾˣ൱һֵ˶УһЩ˱Ź̬ȡ
ҶСĵ˺ܶ˵ע⡣
վڹǰûûȽ룬Ƿֳһ˿ӿһҶСһģһ۶ɡ
Χ˾𾪵ĿһĻҲɻ
ҶСһ۳Ӱ˹ȥҪУոյſڣͱһ˻ɢع顣
ô£ѵΣգɻʵ
ûΣգâֹ̽룬ղ۳ǵ壬ƵģȻܹ롣ҶСҡҡͷ˵
ʱͻȻ䣬΢΢Ӱ֣ǵǾϲ
λʲôһʥصĸѯʵ
˿˿ʥصĸ֣ԥһ£Ȼһ˵һƬĿռ䣬һ磬ŨҪߵĶ࣬ҳֵĵطǶʮһ졣
ҳֵλǶʮ㡣
ҵǶʮ㡣
ѵΪͬˣĿռҲͬ໥һۣͬ˵
Ӧˣǰ˵ʮڣ˵ĿռпʮأÿһȼΪӦһռ䡣һ˵
϶ˣ㿴˵ΪֱǰʥʥһأʥأӶ붼Ϊ˷ֹΪΪ΢˳֣ȽˡһΪʥ۷˵һ䣬˫Ŀйâã漴˹С
һĻܶ˶ӿ˽ȥ
ոճŲͬķɱȥ뽫Ϣߺǹϵõˡ
תۼ䣬ɫŸ˾ֻʣ˶˽ȥ
ҶС翴˿˫лޱȣϢУӡʹΧա
ţҪ߶ҽ뿴ҶС˵һ䣬һ߳Ȼͽ˹С
𾪵ĿԼΧΪ쾹Ȼܹһվ϶ҶСֶΣм˷ܼ˿˿ĽţϾʱһվڸ߿ա
Ÿĸ⿴ŷᰣǵȻܹᰵΪƾվо֡
ҶСӹ߽ȥصת˲һڣܶǽɫâ۳ǽڣϿص·Щ·̺ſȫĲ̳ɣɫâ
ԵĵϣһԲܼ·ɫâЩ·ӿһ֪ղԼͨɢŽɫâ·ġ
·ҶС粻Ǹ¿ռ飬ǸʱѾĽӴص·
˫Ŀйâ·ԺУܹ򣬲ȼ˵
·ҶСǰȥǰһȽɫĴţ˹ȥɫĴŶ򿪣ûʲôоͱһͳ
һĿռ䣬Ρبΰɽиߴͦεľбڵĳӣʵǿޡ
ʱҶСĵطһɽɽͨΪɫ·ɽɫâ۳ĸɽͽڸɽ֮ϡ
ҶСͷһȴĴϹһңɫңɷĽɫ֡
ڶʮһ졣
ڶʮһ죬ԼΪֻʥһأҲǣԼΪʥһء
ʱɫŴ򿪣һӰͻأ֣ӰҶСʱһŹ֣û뵽ܹ￴ҶС硣
ֻǿҶСһۣȻȥ
һ֪ҶС磬Ҳ֪ҶС¼ҶС紦ڵڶʮһ죬϶ʮ־ȡ
ҶСչԲһٶ๫ﷶΧڵһ֪
üһﾹȻʥһؾޣҶСϸһˣרΪ˸ĥģΪϵȻҪࡣ


1360 Ϊʺ
ڶʮһ죬ޱȣɫɽ·һƬصģһСĹ粼գûв´ĻǾǽڶʮͨ
ռ˵ûʲôΣգֱͨһؿռĽɫȥ
ɫߵĹУҶСĿΧһгɽ뻹Ҫĵط
𡭡ҶСո뿪뿪ɽϰٹͻȻ䣬һֲϢڶ𣬺ƺн·ҪƬռ顣
ȥֻУһֻֻͷ­Ӻ⣬һ˿˷ܣ·ҶС統ʳ
һƬӹȣһ̧ͷȥǡÿҶСնҡҡͷ΢΢һ̾һˡ
ǵãǲǰոսһʥ֣ƲطԵʣŵշУոûзжãͱ޵ĺɵ
ǸѺһŵ͵ƬĴߡ
𡭡޵ĺϣ˷أǰеҶС綼һʶһɨԲһٶķΧڣȻʮֻʵǿޡ
䣡
ʱһֲƿնһץץĿֲǳβͺɨҲǾ޴Ŀ³
ܼĹҶС絭ȻһЦЩͲܹκ鷳
䣡
ҶСƳ𣬷·Ƭеߣ𵴣ռһζһɺƴƣûʲôܹ赲סǰһµĿռ۳һƬ£·ɽȻ¡
ĹʱҶС׾ٵĻ⡣
ǰ߶ռ䲨ܵȵѹķ޽Գûһֻ޸ֱΣͷҶС磬ڵطɪɪԿž޴ѹ
Щ޵ľмΪίΪֻҪֻռΪʥһ죬ֻҪǸշɶɵģǵĻӣû뵽ռ侹ȻһˣһԨ纣ǵսľ
ޣ֣жһ˿ľͿ־壬ǿеǸҶСʱҪίֶίΪﵽ־绹ռ䣬ⲻǿ
ҶСɲʲôһ·ϣȣ·Լĺ԰ɢһ㣬ûһֻ޸ҽΨֱҶСնɱ
ҶС˳ߵ˽ɫŸһ·ҶС˽ռ䡣
ռеȵϵŨҪ߳߰˱ȻܹСȽϣҲ˶٣Ȼ˼СϵҲ˺ܶࡣ
ɽǱһ·ɽ롢е࣬Щ޻أΪѲеϢصļΪֿ֮ռȷʵеĺõط
ò˶ãĸֶĥ
ڽɫŸվƬ̣ҶСһռ䣬ҶСߺƬռ޺·ڻ
ڶʮ죬ҶСֵλòǽõĴĳһĲԭԭ紵ľ͸¶޵ɱ
￴ƽǿѪζɱ¾֮
ﲻ޺ߵս޺֮սͬһҲսûνĸ͹ֻɱ¾
ҶСȥԶһɽƣɫĹâҫһʥׯϵĸоͨһĹſ֪Ǹ
ҶСڿնɢƣߣһΣûһ޸ֻҪҶС羭ĵطĵģһ˿ûС
ռתһСʱڿ˽ɫĹ㣬û˵ͷɱ˹ȥ
ڶʮ죬һ漴һطռתһȻŸռڵɽɱȥ
ռ䣬ҶСʮѾ˽⣬ʮȷʵĺõططĲκʵʮʱ򣬼ʹܹҲ񾳸ֵս
ҶС׼ȥһؿռ䣬ȥĻ¾Ҫһսˣ񻹸Ůûдкο᰻档
ûöõʱ͵ɽɽȻӣƽɽһϣ·ǧ֮á
ҶСߵʱɫԶ򿪣ûеȿеһУԶ˹УָоΪ죬ҶС缫Ϊ벻ʲôԭ
Ťͷ˿ܲ·ĽɫǽڣȻĿͶ˹ϵԲ·
һ·ҶСǸ·ֻмŲһǣյĽȴǲͬ
ҶСٴμ߳һߵһ·棬ɫâ֮ղҫһ֣һתѾ߳ʮڡ
վգĵȴţĿе΢΢ĵģҶСֵʱһһ˿΢Ц
ȴ˺ܾãǸҶСӰһߣһ˿Ǹ˵
ҲûжãСʱһΪд˰죬ҪĴ˰죬ҽ´׼뿪㡣ᰵҶС˵
СʱҶС¶һ˿Źֵɫᰵһ仰Ѿˡ


1361 ֻع
ȷʵǲСʱ˵ҶСĿоɻ󣬡ôѵʱ䲻ԣ
ˣʮоʱٵЧҸղ˲Сʱʱ䣬ûв´ĻһһŨȸߣʱҲӣȷʵЧҶС¶һƬĹâ˵
һ仰û˵꣬Ǿǵڶʮؿռеʱٻûõʱеʱٿ졣
£ҶСе㾪ȣ˵񾳸ֵֶӦúܸ߲ŶԣʱҲδеǸ̫˰ɣ
ʱٿĻˡ
ʱٻܹı䣿᰾˵
Ȼһᣬ֪ˣ߰ɣҴȥһطҶС翴ŷ˵סһ˫޳ϸ֣ƿնȥСɱȥ
ʮڵĳߣСʱʱ䣬ʮڲܹõΪʱٵЧһϢ硣
ǶŶˣôһ˭ܹһʱ䣬ӿ
ȽǶˣһվɵۣǲҽȥΨʲô鷳֣ϾʮǶ˵ġ
һ˷ܵĽȥУ͡
ҽȥͻȻ䣬һһΪֱӽ˽ɫĹš
߱ӽȥʲôҲûзˣһӼ߽С
һߵĽ룬߶һӵ
ͻȻ䣬һҽֻһ𷢵Ӹոմﵽɫǰ׼룬Ȼڡ
һĻĳúܶ˽ǲ֪ʲô飬һʱ䣬ûһٸҽ룬ҲԼ屻ڡ
õģǽȥʲôģûв´ĻղǸһѪЩණ϶ܹ롣ʱһ˵ȻС
˵ģȷʵûһ鷢ǽȥһ˵ҲС
ߵĽ룬߶ûȥֹмΪˬһ뵽һҪˣǾˣǶˣͬ࣬һΣҪȫҪȻ綼Ϊеʳ
磬ѪӰַˣ޼ɵʳѪҺһѾˣǽĿȫͶߣΪѪҺӴ٣ͨ˵ĻʹʳһׯˣûʳһֵЧá
Ƕʮڵסˣû˹ע顣
ҶСŷ᰸ոշеСʮĵطͻȻ䣬ҶС緢һƬͻȻһ죬һɣ̽ȥҶСһɻ
쵰˵ĲǸɣָһƾճֵĵɻѯʵж·;УҶСѾ˵ҪȥһС
ǣСֲãȥҶС˵һȻŷһжȥ
ڻˣɣʱһӵڲƽ
ҶСϳһĨϲɫû˿ԥŷһСڲ
СһƬде֣ÿһľߴͦΣڱա
ҶСֱӳһƬյأһżªľǰ棬ʱЩľǰվһȺˡ
١ҶСոճ֣ʱ䣬һ𣬻صƬУаż͹
ҶСȥЩһǰˣÿ϶ɢһѪɷһڴֳɱĿֲѪɱǰСȫɱ䣬˶š
һٶֲϢ۳һɣֱʣһɿֲȻĿǰ˵ǻûгɳȫɳȫܹһ档
һǵΪ͵ĶأߵĺȻѾˡ
ҶСұ֤ǵʵ֮ͬо޵еĴڡ
һ꣬Խһ󾳽磬֪һ˶ٿ࣬ȥʱжӢӵܣֻһһʮĻع飬ɱһĸְ
ãǺġҶСһ˫Ŀо˷ܡ
л١һٴ𣬱ΪٴμҶС󣬲ܹ͸ҶСΪǳˣǣҶСһӣ֪ԼȫˣҶСһվǸܵƥѹ֮ս뷨
һʱ䣬ҶСΪˣǷٰ治һܹȵģ
㣬лл㡣ʱҶС罫ĿͶ˶ʮһٻӰһӰϢҶС֪۳Ӱ
лٶȻպϣԶԶûдﵽҪЧŮӵƳһ۳ºơ޻ǡ
ŮӵĻҶСһٶѾĴˣⶼȽĻ˾ͲҪˡ
Ƚͽ㲼õ죬ȻлҪ˵첼õĲʥвͨ󷨵ˣѴȥŮӿҶС˵
ҶС˵ͷȻһ۳ºһٶˡ


1362 иǿĵ
ȥɣЩаšŮ˵
лл㡣ҶСһȻŷ߳죬Ϲâãֱûһա
ղҶС翴ºƵ¶һƣǾǸոռսı֣ˣȻž⡣
ҶСŷֱӳƬһУŮ棬ͷԶĿռ䡣
ҶСŷᰳ֣Ů¶һ˿Цݡ
Сϣ᰸о棬ܺ뵽òĿͶŮϾԺҪһˡ
ᰣӭСҶСŷ˹ȥͯϴ΢Ц˵
Լˣ˵ֻ᰺˵ȻŮг˳򣬵ŷǧʱϵ΢ЦŨˣŮһһкȻŷǧȥ
ӣͦûмˡᰴһŷǧ˵Ȼ˷һӵΪϤˣ˵Ҳûʲô⡣
᰺ŮһһкӣҶС¶һĨ֮ɫ룬ȻͯʵǶϤǵڱʱ򣬿ǶһϤӣǲǰʶôоһ㶼İ
⻰Ľѩһ
ͯһЦ˵˭ܹʶӳŮӣǶˣѵҪǶװһʶӣ䳡һ£Ż⡣
Ȼܹ˵ЩŮӱҶСһξۻᡣ
˵ҲǣŮӵﻹѶţҳȥһˣһͻҶС˵һ䣬Ȼʧˡ
ҶСոմСɳͿһӰվգǵӰصŮӡ
㣬ôǼԭƻǵΪغٳҶС˹ȥʵ
ŮӿҶСһۣһǶﵽʥԺٳȥǣӡͨˣ綼ƫԭڵĿռ䣬Ŀռ乲ͬ۳ɵģƫ룬ѾˣֻܹǴƬһƬɢããҲһֽ֪Ʈ
ԭҶС˵ͷ˵
ĻͦģԭΪ׹ԵʣڿҲáŮ˫ĿԶգĿ䣬·ء
֪ĹҶСɻʵ
֪һּΪĹǰҲһ㲻һǴһʼǳѾúģ󡭡˲˵ˣԺ֪ġ
˵һĻҶСޱƵ˵
֪ʱһᶼģһʱ䣬Ҫˣ˵õĥʯҪúðաŮӿҶСĳ˵
嵱ĥʯҶС𾪵ĿŮӡ
ôûģһȺԴļһˣǶԸ˵ĻԺôﵽߵľ硣ŮĿҶС硣
㣬ʵǿġҶСε˵
㲻ǻһʱһڣúʮĥԻͻơ
ҾΪ
ǾΪǱ룬Щһ۸ڶޱȣȷʵеʵܹͻƣ²ߵˣҲҪõȷʵҲǲǿĻò˶೤ʱܹƿŮӿҶС˵
˶٣˵岻ؿеһضѣ˸һЩɣ岢ĵˣĵ˱ǿĶ࣬嶼ֵסǾûٴڵıҪˣعɣҲķԹŵ档
ǿĵˣ⻹˻һ͹ͷˡҶСƵ˵
Ҳ˵㾡ͻƣͻƺԱŮ֣صĿҶС˵
ҶСεӣɥŮһЦҲҪĵģֻҪܹɨƽʱԸǿĵʱġ
ҲһЩԭˣһ㣬Ӱ
ˣһͻˣǺǣһʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˡҶСһŵ˵Դʱ󷨣ҪȻûаͻơ
ҶСһŵӣŮĹâ뿴ҶСžԴںδ
ϾΪԽԽ˵һ򣬾ˣҲ˵ԶĿһؿڡ
ǺǣҲһ󷨣ӵʮʱ٣һ൱ʮܹ꣬ͻƵĻǾûϣˡҶСϴ΢ЦĿŮӡ
ʲô㲼óʮʱٵ󷨣Ůһ𾪵ĿҶС磬·ڿһ㡣
˫ĿɫâųҶССķ򣬷·ܹ͸󷨣Сڲ
ʱޱȣ͸ҪȥѹҵоСһĲԭˡ


1363 
㣬ʱԲ𣿡ҶСһɻĿŮʵ
ȻҲ֪ʱ󷨲üΪѣ²󷨣èǿԵģŮӵУܹ뷨ˡ
ҶСĻŮ뾾סҶСĶһҶСһӻɻŴǸ뷨еŮ̬İҶСһۡ
ʱֻ񾳸ֲܹóǲÿ˶ܹóǾͨ󷨵񾳸ֳɹҲֻһ룬ȻЩ񾳳־Ͳͬˡ
ɣȻôѲáҶС𾪵˵ͬʱԼʱóɹˡ
Ϊأ˶ܹóĻôĸ־һһĲˡŮӿҶС˵
ǺǡҶСЦҵá
ͻȻ䣬뵽ʮڵ⣬Ȼ󿪿ʵ㣬ǸʮڵʲôˣΪ˵Σ
Ǹ̬ǸʱʱѾվ۷ˣܹƥУ˳Ϊֶۣôǿ󣬲ϧˡ˵˵ʱŮ¶һĨӣһ˿廳
ʵôǿ˾ȻˡҶСһҲ˵ǸʱĴԣһΪԻͲõʱƣ콾ӿ֣һ˱һǿһӿ֣ӵｭɽ¡֪ʲô飬䣬˲ŵ㣬Ի͵ӴһȥЩȫʧˣҲӴ˸ı䣬Ѷȴˡ
ʢֵܹĻ˭Ҳ֪ᷢչʲôˮƽ
㣬ع̻ŨȣǸʱ˵ôҶСѯʵûѯʵ굽׷ʲô£ҲûѯǸʱʲôʱоŮܶǸʱܼɻһ㡣
ֻ࣬½׽ٺ󣬲ָܹʢ½½ԭڵ򣬲ȫӡȿռ䣬ԭΪ֮ı䡣Ů΢΢һ̾˵
½ȻڵҶС
֪ʮе𣿡ҶСʵ
֪ⲻƳһռѣͼʮ磬ʮεȵѣǡûгɹֻܹ˶ΣƳôһŮмһֻֻ˵һ룬㲻ҶС֪ͣԼѯʶԷ˵Ҳûѯʡ
ҶСһ˵ʮУһرһصŨȸߣһرһصʱٿ죬ôоĿռ̫һˣҲõʱ󷨶ʮĿռ٣ǣʮУʮػ屶ʱ١
о⣿Ůʵ
ȷʵе⣬˵ôߵΪӦûܹʱٱǡҶСɻ
һ㶼⣬Ƶʮڿռж󣬶㲼õ󷨿ռжȻûм㲼õ󷨣룬һԲܹʮ˰ɣһ󷨵ĳʮÿһĿռܹɶˣʮ˶´ࡣŮĵĽ͵
ˣҲ˵ռԽʱ󷨲óЧԽҶС¶һĨ˵
Ůӵ˵ͷҶСһӿɽ̵
ߣý㿴󷨣·Ů˵һ˿ڴ
ðҶСӦһһεĹâŮһһʱͽСڣվʱǰ
Ҳõ󷨣㿴ЧôҶСһЦ˵
ŮӲûȥҶС粼õʱ󣬶üͷ˫ĿŽ⿴ҶС硣
ô˽㣿ҶСɻʵ
ɫôͻȻɫŮʵ
ɱ˵ģ쾳ʱɫͻʱҲҵ񹦵˵ʱʵı仯Ϊɫ
֣һֱɫѵ⣿Ů
˵ʲô
ŶûʲôŮӵһЦ˸ղŵı飬ĿͶʱŽ⡣
㲼õ󷨻治㾹ȻǿͬӦҪȥܹסŮ˵һ䣬Ȼʱȥ
ոȻֹͣջ˽Ų˻صҶСߡ
ҶСɻĿ⣬͵ҶˣһӰֻ۶ɵһ壬ܹ룬ȥӦһҵҲƻ㲼õ󷨡
ŮӵĻո˵꣬廯Ϊ˾ɢ˿С
ҶС߳СȴŮĵ
ͻȻ䣬ǰĿռ΢΢ζһִֻӿռűһֻֻ֣ץסΧĿռ䣬Ȼһ˺һӰ˲ҶСǰǸղصŮӡ


1364 ׼þ첼
Ůӵ٣Χ󶯵ǲܹɢƣһŮһɢ˭ŮӶһԲλĸо
壬ԶҶС
ŮȫΪͨˣˣΧĿռȻ΢Ķ·Ǻһ㣬ĸţ֮ġ
عûơŮӿΧ΢΢Ŀռ΢˵
ǿߵƣһһ䣬Ȼĳ̶ֳϾʹع£ҶС
ʱ䲢࣬ȥŮһ˫Ŀһɨһ˿ĿҶС˵ö֮
Ǻǣʵ̫ǿˣղһʱˡҶСЦЦȻŮӽСʱǰ
Ů˽ȥûв˶೤ʱ䣬ŮӾ˳ϴһ˿΢΢𺳣һ˫ĿҶСϿһ˵û뵽㾹Ȼ̫ϲóʱҲУҺˣ̫ĳҲʹأõ󷨣һԳһƬصƣֲܹôֲʱ١
Ҫעһ£㲼õڣòҪʮˣĻʥ־ͲҪˣƻ󷨵תʥֻҪνˣʥֲҪһ󷨾ܹͳܶĸ֡
ס
㻹ʲôûУûеĻҪˡŮӿҶСʵ
Уɲ԰æٸŲ߸죬߸ֱŲƵСΧҶС˵
Ų߸죿׼þСһŹ󣿺ܲ뷨ֲˮƽôߣðɣΪŲơŮӵ˵ͷ˵
ҶСϲ漴Ů˵졣
󷨣Ҳ̫óָص㣬ҰŲơŮ˵
áҶС˵ͷת壬նϣվڸ߿գ˫Ŀоһӡ
ŮӿҶСӣЩ㱣˲ͻָ˹
䣬ҶС˫йâһâֲСΧָλúҶСͣ½ŮӲ
ˣŮʵ
šҶС˵ͷ
뽫Ųһ¡Ů˵˫Ŀһɫâһֻ̽һռ·ץУһ쿪ʼƶƶһҶСָλá
Ҹ㽫ƬѰҹɣͬӦòó󷨸Ů˵һ䣬˫Ŀнɫâ·ܹ͸һС
񾳸ֵ޷⣬ûһӵʱ䣬ƶ˹ƶҶСָλá
㣬æﵽװɣڰƶС¥ҶСǺһЦ˵
ǽ㵱ɿ๤ˡŮӿһҶС˵
ʵûǸýæġҶС粻˼˵
ðɣҰ㣬ƶһ¥Ůʵ
ҴȥҶС˵˲۪ˮϿգȻָָе¥󣬺¥
һΣҿҲκζˡŮӵҶСһۣȻҶСָµ˰¥
µŵ¥ҶСŮӰᵽľ¥һ࣬Ȼ¥ֱᵽϡ
ˣԺʱСȥģСһŬȥŮӽ¥úҶСϽ˵
ģúҪ˼ɣʱʱע㣬ʵߵ̫˶֣֣ǣԷʵʵһ㣬ôʹΣգҲ֣𣿡ŮĿҶС˵
ףлл㡣ҶСм˵
ŬǶԽõĸмˡŮ˵һ䣬֣˺ѿռʧˣֻһ˿㡣
ҶСоþվŮӣимŮӽĺܶǣΪܹһһȥ
վһҶС罫ĿͶڵĵΧ˸죬ǰ˸Ӧ˸λһŹ󷨵Ǿ޴ģｫһƬֻҪûͬ⣬¾ʥ۷ĸ֣Ҫ붼ˣᱻ
˿ΧҶС˫ӡâգʮӺһռ䶼һĸֵƬأͿκε죬ҶСѾˡ
ҶСصСϺŮҶСһվһп¥
ոҶСŮӽ¥ʱ򣬲ûоκˣոǶľʵ¥ڡ
С磬㽫۪ˮǵı˹ҶСͯ¶һĨϲ֮ɫʵ
ңǸʵһλǰæģ۪ˮһٵˣѾסˣԺҪסȪУҪˡҶСǸĿͯ˵Ƕͯġ
û£һס͸оͦõġͯЦЦ˵


1365 ˿ȸ
ˣС磬ǸʮǲĿͯ¶һĨΣŮҲôһôʱ䣬Ƕ֤һԼʵ
ոҲǴӷ᰿֪ܹԼȻҲֻ˵ġ
ŮӣҶС˵ͷ漴ʮڲŮ˵һ¡
ҶСĻŮжĹâһԾԾԵӡ
С磬ҲȥһԼԼʵĺˡͯĿҶС˵
Ӧ֪ΣգޣߣһСģпɥҶС翴Ů˵
֪ǻȥһԼͯ¶һ˿Ŀһ˿ŮǸ
˿ҶСͷðɣǱҵָӣҪȻͲ׼ȥ
ǴӦ㡣Ů˵˷֮ɫ
ʱôʱ䣬ǵΪսǲĺԶǽȥʱһҪСģСģ໥дһ°ɣдʱ򣬲Ҫ̫֣ڼܱ˺ãٰһǺд裬ᵽսҶС翴Ů˵
ʮ£ͻȻһ£ʮкνԸΪ
ҶСһı飬Ů˵ͷȻ֪ͬҶСҲΪǵİȫǡ
ŮȲ໥д裬̡һȥˣǽʮڲ
ѾͻƵʥ˶ʥһΪˣʱܹ໥տһ£ȫϲ̫⡣
£Ҳ൱ʱ䣬ŮΪ˺ܶ౶
ȣŷǧΪѾڣԺҶСܶѧսغڵĸֶ⣬ʹ򲻹ĳЩߺܾû⣬ȫϲҪ̫ൣġ
С۹ѾغڣٶȿֲޱȣǷǳǿĹټҶСĵĴڸĺöսۺģ˵ʵǳǿ󣬸ο\ľӣӵΪѾ۷壬ǽһжҶСҲҪİȫ⡣
ĽѩΪѾﵽ۷壬ֻһ˿˿ܹͻƵؾ磬ʫҲأڶѣӨľܿ㡢˵Ϊոء
ͯΪΪء
ҶС׼óºһʮڣŮİȫ浱Ȼÿǡ
˺Сû⣬ҪᰵΪˣΪء
ŮΪߣкܲζͬʱҲҹһΡҶС׼÷һʱ䣬Ϊߺٽʮ
ҶСĴ¾ͽ󷨡
һҹϵֱ仯ˣͨ۳һƬʮ磬ĸߺ󶼽Լ
ѪӰЩַȡѪҺ˺ܶߵĹעЩԷԵĳһЩ壬նѪӰֵж
ҿѧԺȺѾס˷ֱߺͱѪӰߵ۾ֻҪ۾ܹǡ
˸߿ƼĴڣѪӰԺʧˣܶնɱĴӴܡ
ҶСûϢһСϲ󷨣ĹƣҪɾŹҪʱ䣬Ȼʮȫܹóһ׶Σ׼ȲһţȻʱĵ
ڶ죬ҶС罫Ů˳ºڵ죬ŮͳºǶս
ҶС֣ҶС˵ģǳºƵ˻˼֡
κͳºǽ֣ŮıܴǳºƵɢɷֳɽƣǵս󽵡
ûоսͲǸ֣ŮĻ䣬Ծܷ紵
ҶС׼ǶһͽʮǣǺͳºƵսĽǶʱ䣬ܹ⣬һֱΪֹ
ҶСľԣŮûһԣ֪Լıʵ̫ˣͶԷΪһȻԷѹƵء
ͬһȼǵΪȶԷҪôһ˿ȻǶԷĶ֡
һսѾԴԼǷȱĶܶࡣ
ҶСǶʱ䣬ٴθһСϲ󷨡
Ȼһʱڣʱ󷨲ûֹͣãϵʱѾӳºƵг˶ʮֽ
ϣӳºڵعŮһԲƲ֣ûôԣһ϶ûЦݣΪҶСŮҶС˵һ١
ԴˣҶСƲѡ
Լĸĸʰʱ䣬ҶС翴Ů˵ôھͱˣĽܲ˵ĻȥһֱʹСϰɣֻҪڣԶСȫϾûκ⡣
ҲŲԶСϣĽ˿ȸһǵģߣСҡĽѩܲ˵ĵһҶС˵Ǽᶨ


1366 ȫ
ǲΪĸΪŮˣҪһеѡͯᶨ˵¶һʡ
ҲһϾǼᶨ֮ɫ
ҶСοĿŮ˵ϣܹǧҪ޾ˡ
һССЦ
㲻ǻ᰼ΪˬĿҶС硣
ôǲ˵Ҫե֮ĻҶСЦЦĿŷᰡ
˯ǰᰵĻӲҪҶС˴Ľأǡ෴սԳܣ󻹻ŷǧҪȻ糿˴ˡ
ҶСĻϸֳһĨ΢죬һŤͷҶС硣
С磬췢һ顣ʱŷǧ˵
ʱѾһͨ棬ȫ͸¶ĴڣҲչʾһЩǿʵͬʱһ弴ԵϢ˵˳ȥ֮⣬ȫѧУɳ˸֣ڹҽָƽգӡˢˣѧ伮ףͬʱٿ͵ļд顣
ڲҵĺӦСʼȫΪߣһأҶСЩڴ·Ѿ緱ʢһĻ
ŨȴӣعҲΪ֮ı䣬ʹͨ˵ʶı䣬伮ڻôһһÿ˶ߣУ츳˶ھ˳ʱʧЩ츳ֻҪ;䣬һܹΪһ֡
¸˾޴飬ܶ˶ֻҳһţѧǵıֻãܹŷǧ˵
ĻңܱԺͨ˲ɱõöࡣҶС˵
С磬㲻׼ɶǽӹѧû˼ȥŬѧϰˣǵĸĸܹ⣬ǸͲ츳ŷǧҶС˵¶һ˿Ŀ⡣
ҶСЦЦͻȻ˸˵ҪѧУ飬֪ڴɹûС
ķһѯ顣
ĵĿУ˽⵽ѧУѾˣѧУǧˣһ붼ǹ¶⣬¶ԺҲʮҡ
ҶС綼е΢΢㶣û뵽Ȼô죬ûо쵽˶೤ʱ䣬ѾĲˡ
Ļ˵һ飬ǾǽϢ󣬺ܶ˶ϵѧԺҪͽʱĹȥԽԽຢӽУʱ򣬳ؾ⡣
ҶСĲõԼа취ȳزʱ򣬸˵һ
ӵ˼ҶС翴Ů˵ȥϺúϢֵܹ֧ʮУǺϸˡ
ŮܲӣҶСЦЦ˵ڴк͵ҰɱѾһˣʵսˮƽǸͱȲϣǵõǽǸطʱΪûǵΪߣǺǵΪ࣬⻹ǹȼߣԵʣأһ㣬ҲûʱҲһ㣬ȫս˶ٿࡣ
ǻ֪ʱʱжˣֻһٶ˽һˣҸ˵ǵʵս飬֮ͬУԣûܹȵù
ҶСĻŮһᵽǻùӵõһУǻֻˮƽʱ䣬һ϶˼
ҶСûдǾ˼ȥˡ
ڶʱŮͳһ˶װҶСĴ¼ǰСͳºս
ҶСӳºгʮŮһСϣһСѾҶСĸ죬ǱԵһֵ󷨡
ҶСһǾСľʷݣнѶȷǳĶߣ׼һЩѧУѧϰĲѧʵս͵ĶȻСΧеޣ޵ͦģ϶Ǻ쾳ޣѧ˵ܹʺϣֻҪЩ쾳޻Ϊˡ
û죬ҶС粻ʮ쾳ǸΪҪĻ׶Σ׶һҪãι̵ĻҪиȥǣǵ״̬
ʱҶСȥУ˿ֿɶŮӣ˵˴ȥ飬ǶͬǵĸĸҲͬˣе㲻ᡣ
ҶС罫С󣬱ֿɶĸŮӣǻûͻ죬ҶСǺͺСһ
⣬ҶС绹ȥһ˽һ˴һʺǵĹ⣬Ҳ˵һȥ飬浱ʱеԥĪȻͬ⣬ŮȰ˵£ͬеɫе㸴ӡ
һŮΪŮӼӪһ֣ĽѩŮһ֣ƣʱУСʼ˳ʱΪһŵ졢ŵ죬һֱ˺ŵ졣
ºǵڵľһŵ죬ѧԱ׼ŵ죬źĺŵ۪ˮǱеĲ¥ĵ죬ڿУûаš


1367 
ŮͳºƵȸдʱ䣬еǸֵˣдһ˿Ӣһü֮С
ͬУŮڴЩвѾܹ֧ʮˡ
ҶС֪ѾˣҪʵͻΨоĥ
ʱ䣬ʮСѾǺһľ¥ЩΪҪСѧԱ׼ġ
ҹҶСŮͳºǽһ˺ƺƵŽɫŵλн
ɫŵλڴȪǧһƵķ嶥ϣ嶥֮Զľ룬ҲΪΪ͵ĸֽ뷽㡣
ô֣ҶСǷ˹ȥûö೤ʱ䣬ʱ򣬽ɫŵ˶ˣýĻϾͽȥģʣµĶһʵһˣǲðգԥС
ڽɫ֮ǰҶС簵Ůڶһ۳ķģŮΣգĵͻᱬŮܹһ١
ĺ󣬻ΪŮȫҶСɷѿģҹоķģڲ˸·ֱһС͵󷨡
º󣬾ͳһһ¡ҶС翴Ů˵
Ů˵ͷһҪսĸо
ҶСŮӵһ£ȻͿǽ˹ţºһУҲΪ˱סŮİȫ
ڳǰҶС͸ºǵ˽򲻵ѣҪŮԸޣҲΪŮֲʱڰ״̬ľࡣ
Ů˽ȥҶС緵Сķжȥ̶̵ʱ䣬ĵĻҾѾ˺ܶ࣬Ļ϶
ÿ˶Ͼ֮£ѧУУѧļΪǽ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ϡ
ķ·һʥأӿۣûе
ܶҵҲ֪һҪˣǴӻĽҲʼ
ķˣȴһ̣ʱ䣬ǧ𣬿Ƽû䡣
ҶСصСϺ󣬾Ͳ󷨣ķ˰ʱ䣬Ź׶β˳Ÿ󷨵һƬ·һȻ塣
һΧϵһֺһӦƣϵ֮ǰΪŨˡ
ҶСţŹóɹеϵܹһ
󷨲úúҶСȥһУ󷨵һЩҪĵˣ˵Լ뷨ѡʺáѧԱȥŵѵĵȽϳڣţһὫ°á
дһЩҶСٴνʮУνĿռ仹ǵڶʮһ졣
ҶСһȥ͸оһֲҵսϢռе߼࣬ܶʥΪظıԭͻƣ΢һΪȻȲĽˡ
ΪΪäĿģûʲô⣬ҪԼʵܹƣĻȥҲֻ
ҶСշУһߵͷ±ߵһУɽϣУߵʬ壬޵ʬ壬Щطһ֪ǸոշսãʤһߣҪȻͱʬ塣
ߺսΪʳ߻ͬΪ
Ȼӣսнս档
Ǹν˽ԭ̭ߣǿߣǳϴַ
ڶʮһռУӿ¡¡Ĳҽ޵ĺһҶСоԼ·ԭʼᡣ
ռ䣬ռܴҪѰҵǣǺѵģǵʵǱĸΧҪȻʲôΣա
ҶСûôֱͣӽһؿռ䣬һ˵ڶʮ졣
˵ڶʮʱҶС͵˺ܶ࣬ûиնɡ
ռп϶ʥޣշУҪˡ
һɽϣҶСԼϢΧде֣ʹʼɣڶʮؿռ޵ж
ʮڼΪ죬ͲΣҶС糢˺ܶζûгɹûȥԣΪߺսȡʤǿ͵Ϯ
ΣأҪֹޣҪֹߣȻ˵ȥնɱޱȽףǣ൱ķգһλ˼һӾͻὫ˻ӡ
ڵڶʮؿռ䣬ҶСͿһеĶѣԼĶרһȦڣֳ֣ܶնɱǸеˣǸеõҩʯȫˡ
ֵطԼ⣬˶ţȻֹϵ˵ĳ⡣
ҶСվڷ嶥ѡһ˵Ƚ϶ķ򣬱ɱŶȥ


1368 
ڶʮ칬ޱȣһֻֻ޷·Զһ㣬ɢ˵ɷبŲɣ֮
ʱı࣬ҲŨö౶˵ǲЩ޵ԭ򣬳֮ΪʥҲΪ
ҶСӸƵɽ֮չŽɫŵķȥֱǰĿĲΪ˽ţΪ˶ڽ֮ǰзḻս
һʮɵľ룬벻Ķľ룬˵ײˣ룬ȫԣһ߳ϰɡ
ʵأԶ޵Ŀռʵڣþöûˣһǰߣһ߲鿴ΧľٶҸŴص·ҶСÿһصϣһּΪĸо
ո˼ģβ˾޴ı仯ԭ㿡ʵ׿һſҰԵ˵ƶǽȻһ䣬üĿ͸¶һ˿԰
˿ͺǻԭ߳ǿߡ
ҶСһ⣬һֻ޵һɢĹâҶС磬Ƕ¶һ˿˷ܣ·ҶС統˿ɿڵ
𡭡޺һ˹ˡʵľںݺݵĶƬƬӨ̵Ҷ䣬һ㡣
޻ûгһɴԭʼҰĿֲϢӿ˹ͬ˳һ㣬һһ
ҶСͣ˽Ų˫Ŀбų⣬һ˿бЦѾֻޣһֻ޵ʵֻʥسڣҶСùȥս
ҶС׼ŹԷԷȴ׼ŹҶС硣
ȻôżǿɾͱˡҶС
ʱʵľ׷߲൹һֱߴҵ޳ҶСǰ
һֻɫۼ׵ޣԴеڿͱԵӵɫĳ룬ÿһг˵ָͷϸڿռɵ˶·ʵڲ׽ſеĳЩ
𡭡
һХдһɿޱȵƱŷΧߴľȫΪ˷ĩһܹҶСվڵϣһͬһɽһ㡣
ǡһֻ޻ûйʱҶСȶˣվڵϣȻһȭȭ죬ֲӿҶСһȭľںһ𣬷·۳һ壬ݺݵҶȥ
ռµΰɢ籩ΧƬض𶯡
ܵҶСһ̺Ŀֲһֻ¶˿־Ŀ⣬޴弱æˣҪܡ
ҶСĹٶȼ죬Ҳʮ־һӾһֻ޵ϡ
䣡
صֲܱųռ䶼·ҪˣľȫΪ˷ĩ
ꡭѵ𣬾ͷ·һһڱƻһֻӴ嵹˳ȥïܵɭγһ֮ͨΧľȫ˷ĩ
𡭡һֻĺһھ֮Ϲӣ˿־塢ŭвʡ
ҶСһ߳վڶʮɵĸ߿գȻȻ併䣬··һƬռ䡣
ҶСĽ䣬Χľܲסǹɾ޴ΰȫˡ
һƬռƣܹ赲һеĿ־֮ɫŨˡ
䣡
𵴣ֲӣһֻ޵ԴݺݵıҶСһ֮˸ϡãȫĹϵΰ֮½ڽڶѣϢʧ
䶨֮ҶСӰѾʧˣΧЩһʱ޴ž⣬סĺſ·ʲôϢ
һֻ޾ܲסֲ̺Ѫջ˲б˳ſѪڣźâݷ·һƬƬֻ̣̽ҶСնɱѪڡ
˺ҧһ飬ζľ׽ţһĻǴ̼ΧޣΧֻӵϣ˹Ҳһζʳ
ֻҲֵ֪סֻܹǰʳ޷
ءͻأ䣬һڿռеһ̺һᣬ·Ѫ顣
Ƶ£۳һֻ޴ƣڸأ·ͬҪһ㡣
䣡
޴ƴſֲޱƣռ䶼·Ҫˣеı̲ȫΪޣԲ֮ڣȫյش
ǹɺƵµƣûܹ赲ס
𡭡ֻ޺һв¶˿־壬зŭ
ռ𵴣Ҫˣ޾ɢֻ޵屬ˣȻӴ󣬵ǼΪٶҲ졣
䣡
ҶСһ֮£ֻ޵ʬ峹׵ıҶСݻˣΪĲһ޴ӡӡڵϡ
ҶСƯֻ޴ӡϿɣϴſԵ
𡭡Լʳﱻˣֻ޷ŭĺ־ȫŭ档
һжҶСģ֪ЩʳΪһǿصʳﱻˣ͵ϢܹõļҲܹΪǿ


1369 ĥ
ڷŭôġֻŭޣҶСֻ޲ܹȼڵѪҺѪҺڣսﵽߵ㡣
ʱֻҶС繥ֻ޴צӣȻµŷռ𶯣ͬǲһڿռв㴫ݣֻ޳βͺɨιؼ䵴
ûеռоͱ¡֮֮ǿռ䱻ѹº󣬷
ֻޣһؼ£ѹҶС̺żΪֲÿ֪һըµ
ҶСս߰·죬ֲϢֱھ֮ϵ
˻ġҶСһȭͷգؼپ£˲䣬һֻ޴ޱȵȭͷ۶ɣĥ̻Ҫ
Ͽƺûʲôʵȫ۵Ч
䣡
ҶСӶ޴ȭͷʵ˲ȭÿһȭϣƿռ䣬ᴩŽ񣬴صƣڲ·ѾܲһȭҪһ㡣
ҶСĹֻ޵Ĺײһ¡¡֮ϴµ·һܾÿһŷƥһռ䣬γ籩ռζһѾ˱һǸΧ֮ڵҶȫޡ
ֻ޾޴ʮɣǵڵѷ죬˵ʱ򣬽µľݵ˵Ľ
ҶС·һɽһվɷſԵڵѪҺٶȼӿ˼֣һŨŨսɢ
ֻ޺ϻȻСǲһ㣬ӲӲսѪڰҶСȻʼˡ
սʽûб䣬Ȼȭͷÿһȭ·ع򣬿µڱŷƺƵӿֻޱҶСȭͷĵˣżȭѣ޵ĹͷѾ˺ü޴ĳĿУѪ
Щۼ׺ʵˣǣҶСĹǱ棬൱һְۼ״ݵڣĶѻǶˡ
ذֻ޹ĺһһԶԾ޴Ǽɵͺ¡
ǸûлṥҶС磬ȫǱ·𣬴ʱҶСĹܼޱȣÿһſµơ
䡭γ·Ҫ죬ܹȥ
ҶСȭͷĶãҶСԵֲĹУֻ޶ܵˣǵļɵѾ˿־塣
һͳɽҶСһ㣬˷·˼ڸ߸ϸӾɽӣҶСȭͷ̺һɻԵ
˲ӳʮȭÿһȭÿһȭһγͬһع
¡һը죬ΧĸߴͦεľϱҶ׷׶䡣
ǡֻ޵˳ȥľȫȻѹ˷ĩѪϴǿήңϢ٣˲ʧȥս
ʱҶСо˵ĳ죬ÿһϸ΢΢ĲѾԼڵ۷״̬
ղֻȭͷͻΪ˵ԼսҪޱĶԼĸֶˡ
ҶСĿһƳµηâ֮ŷֻ޺ݺݵĴȥ
ΣصɭУǶѪȵսжȹģȻܹܵõǿҵΣҪѾָˣ֮µǷӦ˺ܶࡣ
ݡâ֮׼˲ʹ̴ֻ޵üģ׵Ĵݻǵϵͳ
ҶСݸҶϣǰߣ˫Ŀ磬ϵƷڣ·һ
ӴƾԤʾΪҲܹ˵̺Ƚ϶࣬Ӹܹ޵ע⡣
Щ޸оҶСϵΣϢԶԶܿˣЩΪ˳Եޱȵʳðն֣һ⣬ȫɥҶСĹ¡
ʥسڵޣҶСȫ֣оܹǱڵޣҲŲ˼Уغں۷ޣܹҶСսһʱ䡣
ЩǹǷԶԶͬеǿ
ÿһսҶС綼ᶼóԼ츳츳ߵսںϣΪ޴ĹҶС򵽵µսûжãڶʮؿռе޻ûʸá
ʱһȥÿһҶС綼ɱжȹϵɷ֮ԽԽأһվһɱǳɱжĽ
ûоĥˣ¸ͳܲסǹɷսǽͼ֣ûսܾ־Ѿעˡ


1370 Ŀռ
ڵڶʮؿռУҶС˶ʮʱ䣬֪Լնɱ˶ޣȻҲնɱһЩĴ治ߡ
ҶС罫Ҫ뿪ʱֻҪһҶС޻߶ԶԶĶܿ·һ
Ҳȥһ쿴ʱˡҶСͷеĽɫʥޣһڴ
ûкʥǿս˺ʶһ¡
ʱҶСоƵĿעϣߣһֲֻֻޣǶڴҶСϽȥڶʮؿռ䡣
׼ؿռʱͻȻٳȥĻҪҪڶʮ죬ʱŤͷ·˵һġ
һ仰صؼ䣬ҶСӰѾʧڶʮе鶼һ̾һǸɱˣҶСǾ仰Ǹûе¡
ڶʮ죬ҶСֵĵطһẮޱȵĺ֮أﺮ󣬿ֲĺ磬˸ܵҪ˹ͷУҶС̲סһ
򣬿¾ǽǿ߶ܹ棬ҶСо·𱻶סһ㣬ٶֻԭľųɡ
һƬѩ磬ããһƬƵıӨ͸ۼ
һƬأ̹ǵĺ󴵷мϸСıÿһ󺮷иУ̺żΪӴ
¾صǿ߱Щײ˲ܹƿϴһӵǿ̫ˡ
ҶСĴ˿ȻĿͶԶԶգһƬ죬·ȼܻ档
һ뺮һһѵνıռ䲻ɣҶС
ѩƬɫмһɫɽΰء嫣ɫɽ·ÿһռ֧
һؿռУоɱ¾ѪȣֲƶûУռžޱȣҶСɻѡ
ѵռûиˣҶС뵽չ鿴ΧԲһﾡԺг˳ÿһռܹ˽⵽
һƬռвû޺Щ֣޺͸ּ࣬ԲһڣȻһٶֻޣʮսҶСԾǾҵսȻûзһ˿Ҳûпֲɢʵ̫ˡ
ѵһжΪЩҶС̧źݺݵĶһ°ɫı棬һɿֲӽ±ų𾪵Ǳ˿ûʲô仯ǹ·Ǳһ㡣
𾪣Ե𾪣Ҫ֪һŵһСɽܹ飬ǺݺݵĶڱϾȻʲôӦûС
к¡һµǣûдȥȥʧˣ·һ㡣
֡죬ҶСгĸ֡
˿ܵıҶСȭսһȭƬռ䶼ڲȻȵӿϣ΢΢ǹʧˡ
ֲ˵İԭˡҶС
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫ĿĹâųһ۵˼µĹԾٶȳı
ҶСûת־һĳͬһӿһһ
䣡
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ҶСһŤȻվһǰһȻûˣȴǱѡ
ȥֻһֻߵİɫӵһֻҶСһҲ˳ȥ
һֻ޿ϼһ㣬ֻվڱϣ壬Դ󣬴ſܹ˵Դȫ̽ȥֻǰצϷĳָɢźâ·һצ֮¶ܹץƿռ䡣
ʥȻֲҶСܸղһûȫǲѾųɵˡ
𡭡һֻɫ޺зһͺԲԲĺĹâйǿҵķŭ
ͻȻ䣬ֻɫ޻һ׹⣬˲͵ҶСǰ״צӻӶƿյ
һצ̺ΪצΧĿռϸ΢ѷ졣
һĻҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һһ죬Ƿâ֮۳ɵĳ֣£˳ϣһɿµĺƴɢһܹնһеķâ֮Ӷʱһɽų
ͬʱҶСֳƣһĳһһ΢΢ȵϢ
ҶСһնһֻһצϱųľֱֱɨ˹ȥ
ǡһֻ޷ָ׶ʱ䱻ҶСˣϵİɫëҲһ飬תۣҶСֲһѾ
嫵·һһ㣬޳˹ȥΧĿռ䶼ڲ
䣡
һֻɫޱҶСһƺݺݵĻ˳ȥ˱ϡ


1371 ʥص
غ𡭡ֻɫ޺һֱԲԲںڵȫΪ˺ɫë·һ뵹ϣӿΪһӿһֻڡ
ֻɫޣͻȻ׶ĸ߶ȣ㣬ɢſֲϢҶСն˵ָ״ð˳а߳ÿһָ׶ɢŽһĹâ
ɫͭһӷŭĶҶС磬޴צ£ӿ˹ռҲ·ҪˣƺƺƵ޴ѹƾͷ·εĿóɽ
ҶСоΧĿռ䶼ˣ˫Ŀâ֮ųһɻأƲķâ֮ҶСϳƬض赲סһƵķâ֮·һɢſµƣǹɿռ̵ĸо˲ʧ
䣡
ҶСһɨзâ֮۳ɵĳֱӴ̳ûκεļɣʮɳķâ֮ųһӾʹ̴˽µ۳ʵʵĿֲЩǱâ֮˽ṹһ㣬ȫɢƬռ䡣
â֮ȥƲ˰ɫ޵ơ
ܵҶСһĿֲֻ¶һ˿ɵĹâĳȥצӸϽƣ˿оܵĻ϶ᱻ̴צӡ
ݣ
â֮ƿնȥ;շ˶ңֲӿն·𱻶һͨ
һĻɫ޶סˣû뵽ҶСһȻ˿ֲ
Һ
ҶСĸ֣Χؼ󶯵·ܵĳٻһ㣬ӰĳĹС
ʱ䣬лϣ·ռ䶼ȼһ޵ĻɫڻţȦȦɫιƣƬҶ
ҶСվڻУ·ԡŻĻ񣬸ûһ˿Ĳʣɫڻ˻𣬿ֲĸ¶ֺ˵ǼΪѰġ
䣡
ɫĳһƣֲľŷϻдһͨξӴ󣬵ѣҪӻȥ
ʱĻɫȥȫɫΧ˸ʵʵ
䣡
ɫըɫĻڣ·ܹȼա
غ𡭡ɫ޷ŭĲϺУ˫צϻӶһȵľ䣬Ȼǳëʼȼ
ĶΧĻʧЩѾȫըˣʱ򣬰ɫȫΪ˺ɫޣɫëȫչˡ
𡭡ңʱ𵴣һŭ
ҶСԾĿֻޣ㾹Ȼԣ
ʮѾ˺öˣûмһֱ˵ΪǶ˵û뵽ǾȻᣬȷʵ̫˳Ծˡ
ߣֵͼԣ˭ϲ˵ңԲ˵ģҪֻ޺һ˫Ŀеŭ۳ʵʡ
ֻצҶСץ˹һռ䶼ҪץˣҶСһһȭĳ
¡¡쳹ֲӣЩա
ҶСֻ޵սΪңͣķռ䲻ϵĶһĩٵĸо
һҵսҶСֶóͲ˼ٶȿ죬ƺƴֻ·磬һʼ͵ϮҶС˳ȥҲûռһ˿ıˣÿһζԺ䣬һɾǱս޸ûо쵽Ǿ쵽ҲûлὫų⡣
ҶСֻɫսʱʮڣʮ죬ããԭϣĽѩʫӨȼŮзʮ־ۼһںһȺһսһ
޾ƥһСɲ񣬱ΪˣԴ޴бʱʱƻĹâ
һȺʮֻÿһֻΪغڣǣĽѩ˶һ㶼·硣
ʮĥεεŮ϶һ㣬ںһȫʧޱȣ˫Ŀвݺ⣬֣СȭֻǳȵȣÿһϬޱȣȫЩ޵ķ֮
ŷնɱ޺ܳʱ䣬ǵ־ѾǳᶨˣҲһʼնɱһֻ޾ʹ¡
ʱĽѩѾܹͻˣԼѹûͻƣɲɵһͻƣԶʮ죬ǸʱΪؿռ͵ˣһΣԾ̫ˣ׼ٻһʱȻͻơ
ʫСġͻȻ䣬ĽѩƳһֻ³һɫķУںһֻսʫ͵ϮȥϽ˵ͬʱƴһӨĹâǵɫķ飬ͬʱĳƣƺһӱ㽫ֻķ˳ȥ


1372 Ľѩͻ
ĽѩһֻһķɣʫмĿĽѩһۣһֻսһдȥĹ˼֡
ããԭ֮ϣһֻֻŭ죬̵ֲܾҰݾγ˹ɹɫ籩
Ѿһʱķˣ֮ͬм޵еĴڣЩ쳣ײУǳںսǣʮֶһ۾ܹ͸޵㡣
ЩսʮУǾԻնɱһֻޣ֪ҶСŮĿģ˶˼֣Ůնޡ
߰ʮֻޣĸСʱʱ䣬ȫնɱˣŮնɱʮֻĲǷնɱġ
նɱޣŮˣϽɹɾë׽룬Ϊһ߲һ߻ػһԡ
ͻȻ䣬Ľѩ˫ĿĹâŷΧĿռ΢΢پ£
ܵĽѩı仯ŮǶ˫Ŀ
ĽѩĿŮһۣλ㣬ѹƲסΪˣҪͻˣܹһնɱˣǸϽŬŶڵʮǡ
ѩĸĵͻƣһЩҲȥʮ죬Щ˵Ѿĥˣʱɽ޻˵
޻ڷеٶģѽ۷ˣ޶˵ûκεΣԣҪĥֻȥʮˡ
ллǡĽѩм˵һ䣬Ȼ˫Ŀĵͻơ
ϵϢסΧռζѣ۳ɵ
ǡĽѩڷ·ĳֶһ㣬ƱȸղŸΪֲˣ죬ŮͻƵ죬ʱΪӣΪ׵ȶһһ˿˿ľ
ֹͣӿĽѩ˫Ŀ˿˵ҪˣǿҪŶ
ĽѩĻ˵꣬ʧˡ
ʱ޻ʮֺǷֿҪǰʮˡ
ڶʮ죬ããԭϣһطҶСֻ޾ҵսһһһѾս˽ʮӵʱˣҶСԽսԽ˷ܣԽսԽ֪Щ޵ڡ
ԭԽƣϵƲϣδϣϲ˵ۣҲҶСľࡣ
࣬ǰսΣʱκβңҲκβ㣬սȥ˵ᱻ޻ֳûնɱ㿴ôһֻŹâ˵
Щ޸Ͳмں˵Ϊһֳ裬ԼƼأΪ˻ò˵
˭˵Ҳκ㣿ѵ㻹ûоڵ𣿡ҶСЦһ˵
ҶСĻӴһɲõԤУϽ鿴һ󾪣ԼѾ˺ܶ
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˵ֻҶС˵һƴ·ǲӿĺˣ˹ȥ
ʱҶС羪ȵһĻˣҶСֵĹʱֻһӳƬأ׼ҶСսˡ
һĻҶС˫ĿбųâϷâ֮ų˷·һնƿռȥ˲׷ֻޡ
࣬ѵҪƴɣеҶСѾ׷ˣֻ޺һ˵зŭһ˿ľš
ʲôƴǵնɱ㡣ҶС˵һȭȥռһֲۣͨȫֻޡ
һҶСֵٶȺܿ죬֮Ϊ޴
ܵвֻ޸ϽæֵʱҪѾˣһдһƣ·𲻹ôܹ
һֻצӻʮɳĻ⣬ҶСһȭ
ǡûκεһֲĻһӾͱҶСˣϾӿ˹ȥ
޵צһӱĹͷѣһɿµľ壬һɾ룬·ǵȼߣ̤ڻ۵ľȫ
ۡ޳³һڿѪƴѹǱľʱǵΣĹͷѹƲסڲᱻ񱩵ľȫ˺顣
û뵽㻹еͣҲܹѹƵסҶСЦһ񹦵ֻһ䣬ڵΪ
ۡٴ³һѪڵľҲѹƲסˣڷ·̲ʲôһ㣬ӱ϶ܹʲôҴܡ
ǡڲѷ죬ѪҺ
ֻۡ޵·Ǵ˵Ƥ򣬵Ӵӣֲܵ
һֻڵ٣ȫˣҲƻˣϢʧ¶־Ͳ֮ɫ


1373 ͵Ϯ
Ӵ޵ڵϣʱ䣬ΪıҶСһȣ»Ǻ䣬ʧȥ֧Ÿ͵ֵסֿẮ
ʥصʵȻһ㣬ЩɱУҪնɱʥص޻Ҫһ⻹ֻʥس۷壬ڵĻѵʱʥ۷ޣҪʹȫܹ֮⣬ҪնɱͲܡҶС
Ҫսǡ
ףҶСո׼뿪ͻȻһֻ޵ʬڸܵһɵͣ˫Ŀâų·С
ָɽâ֮ųָỬñȾҪӲʬ壬һӾͱҶС绮˿ֱӱʳ롣
ֻһֻ¸ĲλһöӨ͸ľ壬ղŵǵǴöɢġ
ö̺Ű·һ㡣
ҶСһУöɵС
öȭͷһСǸṹڲ۳Ӧ
ҶС绹ǵһμ˹ľ壬˫Ŀâų̽öڡ
ͻȻ䣬öһɾ񲨶ʱһУǵ񲨶Ǹղֻ޵ľ񲨶
ҶСû˿ԥֲУһӾͽǹɾݻˣ·һɷŭӴ洫
ѵƾö帴ɣҶСûнСҪȻöһܸˡ
뵽СԲ۾ҶС粻Ծ¶һ˿΢ЦԴҶСŮᵽһСһĴܣ·صǸʱһ㣬ǳĿ֡
СҶСоأõ󷨣ǶСá
˿ֲ̺ľ壬ҶСзҪȫա
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫ĿųĹâŤͷʮһĵط
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һ㣬ռиͲܹգôأҶС벻ס
ôԷһǸ֣붼ʥ۷ĸ֣ҪȻԻᷢ֡
ʱ䣬һطû˿ı仯һɵĲҲʧˡ
Ǹ˶ԼˮƽģҶСֲˡ
Ȼ㲻ҶС˵һĳֲľŷռ𶯣ҷ˵˻ܵپ£γһӣӿȥ
䣡
;ײ˱ϣȫգռĲƵûʲôˡ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣ѵҵĴܰɣţþ뿪
ϣҶСһжȥ
ҶСո߳ʮɵľ룬ͻأ䣬һֲľϮٶȼ죬˸Ӧһֲľ·ܹ˺Ѳ񷣬һС
ҶС㲻ȥһһˣѾΪ֮塣
һͻĹҶСû˿Ļţ·Ѿ׼һ㣬־һȭһȭ㾡ȫ
ûȷʵѾ׼һȭһĸֶ붼ΪԼĴҶС粻ͬԼĸоܸղһûнеĸֱȳţһֻǲ֪ʲôֶβص˱ĵط
ΪԷҶСֻԶ֣˵Լ⣬Ȼ뿪뿪ʱ߾׼ȫһ
䣡
һɿµıȭͷŷͶԷһֲľײһ𣬱ŷ˿µΰռѣΧҷˮһ㣬ɹ籩ƥܱ䡣
¡¡֮з·ǿռѵϵĻ֮
ɱĿֲ֮£ҶСݺݵ׷˳ȥһӰҲ׷˳ȥ
飡
ҶСǵ͵ϮҶСӰ˼Ӳޱȵıϡ
ҶСɫһ죬ȻһףһĨѪ˵ˡ
ҶСӼӲޱȵĵطվһߵѪŶʮһӰ
һɫ۵ˣ·ΧĻΪһ壬ɢſֲϢ˫Ŀ磬ɢԺ󣬸һָ߸ϵĸо
û뵽ĸо񣬾ȻܹҵĴڡһµӿҶС˵·ûںԼҶС͵Ϯɹ
ߣֵطо񣬾޷棬㣬һõʥ۷ĸ֣Ȼѧ͵ϮǵС󡣡ҶСЦ˵


1374 Ϊֲ͵Ϯ
û뵽㻹ͦģսиͲںʲôֶΣֻҪû뵽ܹĸ֣ĸʱˣôǰûм㣿˶ҶСƵʵ
ѵеĸֶҪɣҶСЦһ˵ҰԲ²˵ݡ
˵һЦΪһ֣໥֮϶Ϥȴûм㣬ǽðĸ֣ȷʵ
ͽȻϵЦʧޱȣ˫Ŀâųɢ⣬ö彻ҿÿǸһĻᡣ
ƾ㣿ûǸͰɣҶСЦһȭȳ֡
һµȭҶСȭбųʥ۷ĸ֣û˿ı¶ȫ֣ȭӿдһͨһͨûһ˿еȫҶСȭͷˡ
ΧеӿҶСȭƱĺƴޱȣһ޷֮ƥеĸоռ飬ʵɲǼ䣬ѾǰĿռ䡣
ǸҪȻҺҶ֣ҲգҾٽһȭʵΡ˫Ŀըùâֲƻƣγһ
гһϸļ׶״Լһӿ׶״˿µĹâһּռеҪ䣬Ϊ£˲ͱΪ˱
ɢ˴һһ·Ǵ˹һֲɷĸо
׶״ֲ̳â׶ļˣϸ΢Ŀռѷ죬һ֪ܿ¡
䣡
ҶСȭͶԷµĹײһ𣬶ʱ䣬¡֮ؼ𣬹αѵĿ·Ǻˮ࣬ƴɢΧ·Ҫײȫƥܱ䣬˻Ҫռ˺ѿ
ŵŵšҶСκ岽ÿһͽֲ£ʵıա
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һӾܹҶСƾȭͷͲ˵Ķ֣Ҫóвܹ࿹⡣
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ܹһΣһܹڶΡҶС絭˵Ϸâ֮ÿһâ֮ÿռ𵴲ѣһգһ۳ʵʵĳͳС
˫ĿйâɨȻûпλãʹöⷽؼȻһ˿˿
ܶԷΪǳ֣ϢˮƽҲΪ˵ãֹˮﵽľ磬Ͳܲ¶һ˿ս״̬УͲ¶
趯ҶСһгӶڿռлĹ켣ʱ佣Ƭռһӡ
һִ︴յҲҰղ紵ǿ͡
һȥįĵ㣬ֽȻһһն¡
ҶСɰټ֮Ľ
һ֮£ռ΢΢Ť·ֹ֮·˿һĿռ䱻и
ռ䵴˵¶˳һֲϱҶСһɵģǹ壬ƻṹ
ҹȥŭһţƺƵëӿ˿Ƭռߣûֵܹס
ҶСеȫ˳ܹʵĿ¡
ܺã֮ͬǵһұȳˣû뵽㾹Ȼܹĵط㲻á˶ҶС磬˵ɭɭ⡣
ûв´Ļܹ֮ڿռУΧĻϣԿ޷ǼۣʵƬռи޷ҶСһ˫ž⣬·ܹһпͨ͸
ҶСĻɫ˱䣬ѿޱȣȻǱҶС˵ˣضҶС磬еĹâ
Ҷ˺ܴȤû뵽ⶼܹ㿴ûܹ֮䲢ҺΧĻΪһ壬̶ܴ϶ΪۣǿƼĲƼϣΪǿϣܵС
㻹һ˵ˣĹǱԵģܹΧıȵΪһ壬Է壬ۣһиƣû뵽㻹ܹҵλá


1375 һ㺮â
㣬ãҲһҲв˻ϣ㲻ҪսҲãҾ㣬㿴ҵʵ
˵Ļո£˾ʧˣһ̾ͳҶСǰ״еļ׶ŷµĹâ˿ռ䣬ΪֱӵķʽҶС繥
ӸղŽֵ֪ĻҶС粻˲ŻѡǿƵġû˿ɵѹԹ
£˼׶ĹΪǿˣ·ܹƬغݺݵ˺顣
ûеҶСǰҶС͸ܵ˿ֲѹɫض棬ͶԷ໥ӲӲĻԼɸǶ֡
ҶС罫츳ߵ򿪣Χһ˲䶼֮Уһ΢Ľ룬Ҳܹ֪
ۡ
˶ҶСȫΪ˽ɫ·һ磬Ľɫ֮¾ʥصĸһУ䣬ͱǷޱȵĸ֮˺ɷ顣
ϲϴϵĽ֮Ǹ֮ͶԷĳ۲Թ
նҶСеĳŷµķâ֮ɷâ֮·ܹƲ񷣬ƿռ䣬Ľɫâӿ˳Уһ
һȾ˽ɫâӳϱų·۳һһ֮ɢƬռ䶼ڲ
䣡
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ɰٴ˴һ˫лռ𵴣ӣͻȻΪ֮һ䣬ƺƵ޾δ˷ӿĵλþҶС硣
ÿһж̺һеĿֲҶС˫Ŀомһûа취赲ǿ赲Իˡ
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ҶСնĻߣһҶСؼ䣬ÿһҶСΪϢһģһͷֱ治١
ÿһҶС翴˵жǲм֮ɫ
ҶС֣۾ʲôȻֲ٣
ɰٴҪԴͷֲǸҶС磬Թ
΢΢ԥһ£¶һĨ񣬡ϣۡ
ҾͲţƲ˵
ֲ·Ǿӽ£ͬ׳ҵĻƺӿ
˷ƺƵ۳ĺ·Ҫû
ȫû˺
ֲΪӿҶСʱ·ǲһƬƬ顣
䣡
ҶСʧ󣬹һȻ䱬˳Ƭռо춯·ǱΧЩһʱҲȫա
Ϊ˺ХԶӡ
ҶСȫѾˣһ֮ɫûУоҶСڡ
һ㡣ͻȻ䣬һ֣漴һ㺮֣һ㺮·ǳһ㣬â財
˲ΣյϢϵĺë˫Ŀһܵһ㺮â̺Ŀֲƻ
Ͻٶȿ죬һ㺮âٶҲһӾײϡ
ꡭϵĳ۶ʱ䲼ѷ죬һ£ȫ˿
ۡ۵ıѣһ㺮âļλһѪķâ֮˿ڽ룬ƻ˿ڻо
ҶСӰǰʮ״ɫһ˿԰ףѪ
ܸղó˻Ӱǣ˵Ĺ̫ܼˣˣ𶯷ӿ
һľղѪķӿ̳һһ㺮âǷâ֮ѹ˼µı֣һֵĹ˶ˡ


1376 ռ䶯
ΪҶСͲ˵Ķ֣ҿʱ˼˵ļܣҪȻսһ¾Ҫ·ˡ
ȻԼˣ˵ƲأԶԶûԼأղǵңȷʵ޴ģڵķâ֮ѾûжˣǵҲòˡ
ոպֻɫսһӤеһƣ״ֺ̬ӡ
սپʵڲоܣҵٶȣɱͲܣҶСЩΪߵ⣬á
ʱ˴ĿԼѪǻѪشһôУԼĸ߿Ƽ۱ݻˣҲˣԽܡ
֪жûܹˣ˵ֱһܴ裬ǶԷûΪߡ
㾹ȻܹѪҽҪһһӤĹе̧ͷĿɭȻĶҶС磬ִɱӺеͺ·һֻŭޡ
ϱɷɷأγɵΧĿռ
ҶСϵ֮ɫʤˣ֪ο϶ҪЩľ޴˵սˣҪȻµֿ˶ԷĹ
ơ˺һ·Ǹһһ㣬еƺƵȫȭͷϡ
ֱ̧ۣΧĿռŻζһһӰһƬռ䣬һȭȻٶȿֲ֮ƺô
һȭʵ̫ˣһȭͷСͨΧĿռûܵһ˿Ӱ졣
ҶСֲ֪̺˼µı֣Ҳٶȵ˼µı֣һȭÿռӦһȭԻᱻشʧȥս
ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һͦһɰȻϢɢ˿ûΪԷĹֲҡ
ռ䶯ҡҶС粻Ųæĸ֣˫֣˫гˮɫ˫ַ·Ҫʧһ㣬ʵ໥ת
һ̺Ĺ켣˫ֿƺܿ죬ǿ쵽˼µı֡
ҶС˫ַ·𴥶عһҶС˫ּ䵴ȻɢԲʮڵĿռͻȻݺݵĶƬռ·֮壬໥˿
ƬռֳС飬ôʱĿռڣЩС޹˶ȫһڿռҵȫֽ˿Ҳ·˾޴Ť
һȻæˡ
ۡ˸ո˳ҶСռ䶯ҵӰ췶ΧһѪܵ˲ˡ
ղָоΪ죬·ԼһͣڱţڵĸҲŤһš
ʱг׵ӵ˼
һ˲ˣҶСԼҲùѪҺӿƼأҲ˲٣ɫ԰ޱȡ
ŭ񳱡ҶС粢ûҪֹͣ˼ĸһһһֱһֵ󣬷·ͬʱ־ǶԾĹ
ʱ˾һ㱣˫Ŀͣɢľήҡ
ҶСûϢᣬ˫лλٶǵĻÿһĹ켣ƶһ֣ɫҲ԰һ֡
ʱ䣬˻һ˫ĿըùâоԼޱƣ·޷Լõ۷״̬ȫ
๥û뵽㾹Ȼ˿µĹ˵ͻȻ˾޴Σʱγϵ֣ҶСȥ
֪ҶСʩչһ˵սѾһ˿Ŀ־֮ģղŵĿռ䶯ң˲ƣ˭֪ҶСҪʩչʲôֲĹֻȥϡ
Ѿˡ˸ոճ嵽ҶСǰ֮ʱҶС԰ޱȵϹҳһ˿΢Ц
ʱתǧꡣҶС˰˸֣һ¹켣Ļһս£ռ䶯ǹӣ·ˮĲһ㡣
ۡոʩչҶСһѪɫ԰ֽ
ǹʱ˵Ȼͣʼ˥ϣڵҲڼһͷںڵĳʱɰ׷ϲƣήҲ񣬸ղҲ·𱬷һ㡣
ǹʧ˹֪״ʱޱȡ
ǣǣʱʧǿ־壬·Ѿٻ
㡭㾹ȻʱǸ㲻áѪɫ԰ޱȵҶС磬ĺ⣬һɿ־塣
Ȼô˵ģȴûκεжɵĶҶС硣
⼸ͣ磡˼˵޵磬̫ˡ


1377 ܣ
Ŷɾʮ㡢ʢͻȻɵİ׷ԲԵߣҶС͸оһЦͬʱ̾ʱǿ
Ȼ֪ԼʩչʱֻƤëϵĽĳһڵʱı䣬һ˲ǧ꣬ʩչʱֻĥ˶
Ǽʮ껹ָܹǰܹڶһʱǸʱ򣬶ԷôԸı䣬ͻǸ硣
ҶС԰׵¶һĨֶΣʹһΪŲǵˡ
ҶСĻֲƵɫΪѿˣ붯ֺ֣ҶСٴʩչʱһʱ䣬粻ԥ֪òö֡
㲻֣ҶС¶һĨȫ˫֣лĹ켣΢΢һȻըա
ۡҶСһѪήҲ񣬼С
ҶСӣΪүүĸ֣¶һĨ־壬˿ûʵǷӣǧôãûмôļһҪһ˷ȥӿɲ㡣
˵ϣָϽ룬ҶСĿֲսʹ
ҶС״̬Ϊѣ֣ðǸգٽʱܹᵽ󣬸ղҶСʱ֮£ѾܵϢȻȥˣһҶСܹһСûˡ
㻹ܣһҶСͬʱһɿֲϢж
ˡǸӣôͻһأ˷۱ҶСǴħǧٶȸ˺ܶ࣬еϡ
л˫ֵҶСоǧѾʧΧͣ
ۡһѪ˳ҶС羫ήңģ㵹˵ϡ
ʱҲӲţˣʩչ˼޴սϼˣ綼Բġ
ΪԼʩչֲֿս󣬼ʹ򲻹ԷȻܹʩչŷԼˣǧҲˣҲήңԷƴ׷Ļܹ׷ϡ
ֻҪһǹ
ʱǧҶһѣҶС˵أ
ﲻٴˣ뿪ҶСһǵѪȻҸһ򣬷ɱȥ
ԼһСʱҶСѰҵһطһطԲһʮֻޣһƬ
˵Ϊ£ҶС綼ղ˵Ǻˡ
һ£ҶСһϽȶΧָ֮Ϊơ
뵵֣·һˣΪһ塣
ҶСָƵʱǧȻΨҶС׷
ͻȻ䣬ʲôһ㣬¶һĨϲ֮ɫٶȸࡣ
һѩ֮أ˺һ߸һѱϣΧһűյĳɢŨŨζĿ⡣
Աһֻʵʬ֪ڳֻ޵⡣
һĻ֣Ϳ硣
ͻȻ䣬ͬʱһ⣬漴ɻ֮ɫ໥
ôǸӣ㶼ûϳ³ʵͷˡ˵ܿڿЦȴĺ⡣
ϾˣһǾ֪ˡһɫ۵˵
Ļ²ãݡһƿ漴Ļһ׷ԲԵ˾ͳ˹Ļڡ
һ죬âɢγһѱΣ£ϢȣһĹȵӣϢϢ
ûǧ
ˣοˣò׵õĸ߿ƼƷȻˣǧһƨ˱ϣ־ץһ鿾⣬
̺;һӵĿȫǧ̻ʵĳԵˣδĽĿͶߡ
ǳǵӶˡε˵һһһ޵ǰĿռ䣬漴һƬ֣޵ڻԶĿ
ô£ôӣһſζһʵ
һӡǧƵ˵漴ղŷһֲ¶˵һ顣
˶ˡ
츳ߺͬޣʱĹûɣɫ۵𾪵˵
ѵһƭǲɣǧû˵
͵Ϯ˵ëǸĲˣֵ˰ɣû뵽ȻڣǸû˵ɫ۵ЦЦȻЦ˼
˵ٴˣͬ࣬໥֮òҪ֣ҪˣŽȽϺáüͷ˵
ҲףϰһʱԸĵٺ٣Ҫ־͹նɱֻڳһöԪնɱô࣬Ȼûкܲƽ⣬ųֵġǧ˵


1378 
ԪǺĸ֪ˣҪ֪ˣҪһ١߿һ˵
뿪ˣҲǱȲż˵ģһȺߵļһѡǧмƲƲ͡
ԺòҪ˵ĻôԴ͹һڻˣ֪ˣ»ὫǵͽοҾ֣뿪˻ˣǻܹȥĿǰ˵ǻģҲֻл˲ܹ𵽺ã˵Ժ󣬻ҪˣǸʱǵ϶ܹһȨ˵
ߵĻǧû˵ʲô
֣Ժ鷳ˣô˵Է϶һʾ֮һɳ¾Ҫ鷳ˣȻѾˣûгɳǽնɱκκ󻼡һɫ۵˵
Ӧնɱɫ۵˵֪Էʲô𣿡
֪Ҵδ붼ǻǼ˰ɣǿ˲ٵǧŹâ˵
㾡޸ƣƺ֮һȥѰߵ˵Ȼһ鿾ݸǧ
ʱѾƽÿ˶ŬѾ֪˹Ĳ̣Ϊ˸õţ꣬Ҳû;
ҶСȻ޸ƣһʮʱ䡣
ʮҶС˫ĿεĹâųʱռ·һƳֱǰӣԵüΪ죬Χ۵Ĵ֮ȫһԵӿڣǿֲϢΧĿռз
ҶС糤һһϢŵѪɫǻڲԡѪ
ҶСվ˫Ŀâ룬ӿڴóһö壬йâȻ
ҶС΢΢㵣һöеΪ·Ǿһ㣬պ󣬻ϲôͱΪԼ
һ־ҶСֹͣӿöУ·öҲܹһ㡣
̫˼ˣǺöֲǸֻᣬֶʥ˵ǲɶõĻָԴ쾳ǿô󡣡ҶС
սɣܻܲõĸľ塣ҶС⣬һʧԭء
ʱˮܿ͹ȥµʱ䣬µʱ䣬Уܶʾ֮Ѿ˺ء
ĶǺ֣ؼŨ̶ȣǲ͸춼Ϊһ۷ĸ֡
µʷǷʵͷͣؾޱ䣬·һصļƣûʲôܹ赲ǡ
񣬲ǶƽڣͬҲһƽʱѪһ¶ǵĴʳŵѪǱΪԼĺᡣ
ЩļһＸԾʥ̺ͰɶǱĻУûйǼƽϡ
ȴɳ˴նɱЩɶļһ
ƺУɫǰһӰͻأ֣ɢһɿµɷǾս۳ɷӰȻʮһ·սҶС硣
ʷǷ˾µʱ䣬һӾ¶˳Щ¶ȥǣҲҪ׼׼ˡҶС
ӰͻأʧһգһУһգеһֲ
о˳֣˫Ŀĺ⣬ҶСʱ¶˹֮ɫϽվһ١
ˣǳûУҶСѯʵ
ѩĸ⣬˶ˡ깧˵
ҶСüͷвŹâһŤͷ˵ȺúŬĻۣͻƺǵΪͻֱ
ǣ١˵һվԭ
ҶС羲ĵȴĽѩĳ֡
ڵڶʮڣҶС綼֪Լնɱ˶ޣֻõö壬Ϊ־壬ÿһֻڶУǣ˸ûôõ飬ûоȫ
ڵڶʮڣ˺֣ܶЩжҲˣǰкܴԩ𣬲ʱֻҪĳᣬᷢս
ҶСվһߵȴĽѩһ߻ζԼôʱսԼս
ܿ죬ʱѾȥˣҶСȻû˿Ĳͷ磬־ѾӲͲӰ졣
ҹɫŸһٻӰͻأ֣Ȼ£վڷ嶥д˿˿Ӣһ˫Ŀâתһָ߰ĸоžþ֮ϵǳȻʧɫ
ʱһӰ֣һһ⡢ӣʲ


1379 ϲ
ӳʱĽѩ¶һ˿ŭɫһ˿Ρ
֣㵽ôĽѩŤͷʵüĿһ˿ᷳ
Ľѩѵľôң֣ӿɬһЦ˵Ľѩžӣһ˿ĳԣһ˿ĸӡ
ǡĽѩ˵Ҫٸҡ
Ľѩһ仰ȻɽƮݵķȥ
֣ԥһ£΢΢һ̾ȻȥĽѩĽѩڱֻΧ֮ʱʱĽѩ·磬͵вֻޣȻǰȥæ
֪ĽѩҪȥɽҲȥĽѩһֶصĸ飬оԷеŮ񣬲֪ôȥֻǾԼŬöˣɽ˺ֶܶڵȴĽѩǵŮӰȫˣ֪Ϊû뿪һ·ϸǡ
֪ĽѩѾϲˣȻ޷ô򵥣˵һϲ˶Է޷԰Σʳ˶Ʒһ㡣
Ľѩо֣һΣͣӰ֣˵˵Ѿѣ֮Ͳܣлңʲô˵
ʮʱϻޱȵĽѩѾ֣һЩ˼ΪǸͷԶ֣˭֪֣һճһ㣬һΡ
Ϊˣ֣ר˵һΣȴ⵽֣ףĽѩһһˣͶˣ֣һΣܹܲԼľ֡
ףֻÿһ쿴㡣֣Ľѩ˵һ˿ŨŨ顣
УҶСһĻղѾɱ⣬˵ԷĽѩٲɱ⡣
ͲܣҪҲҵҪǲܹǿġĽѩü΢˵
ףôҶ㣬ʮʱһμ㣬ҾһȻĶĸоһһЦһһӡҵôңֻ֪뿪ҵߣһ֣ɬ˵
㡭ôĽѩյĶһСţȻ׼ɽ뿪
ʱһӰͻأǰ
С硭Ľѩһ˫Ŀһ¶һĨϲͼû˿˼ͶҶСĻ
һ˺ܶɣҶС絭һЦĽѩǡ
Ľѩϵʱǰӳһ˿·ϴ׵ۻ࣬һžϣд˼㣬㽿Сʡ
ᡣĽѩɰǣĵҶСһۡ
ҶСЦЦȻĿͶ˳·˫ĿųһɺƴƱŷ
ŵŵšҶСƵľ޴ѹ£֣һĽӡÿӡܲͬ֩һ·
֣¶һĨ־壬ʱ·Ŵе߳
ϲһûдϲˣȹѩķϣҷŹ㣬һΣɣʲҪϧʡҶС翴֣˵
˵գлӳһεĹâ˾˲ʧˡ
뿪ˣ֣¶һƬãϲһûдȴϲˣ𣿡
û뵽ĽѩȻˡ֣૵бܴеήҡ
֣ҶСɲʲôĽѩһķɱȥ
ıҶСĽѩĿҶС磬ҶСƽûҪ˵˼С磬㲻Ҫ룬Һ֮ûʲôֻһ
Ҵû㡣ҶСǺһ˵
ĽѩСȭҶСϴһ£˵һΪˣߣˣƭӡ
ҲûǺǡҶСЦЦǵˣǵΪô
ҶС¶һ˿ڴλΪһһ
ʱһϣŮۣڿпӣڵɱ¾ƣÿڲƣС
Ůڵĵط۪ˮǶ¥ȥʮʱҶĿҶĻֵ¥ʰһ£ˮȵȡ
Ϊ˺ܴС۹ΪȻѾҪغˣٶ졣¥ԶʯС·ϵҶС˫Ŀ˵
ҵΪҲ࣬Ѿ˰غˡĽѩĿҶСһۣ·ҶСûп佱
Ͻʱһ£ƾܹͻˣʱȥʮĥһ£ܹ۷ˣʱҪ˼׼Ŷٺ٣ҶСдһ˿ЦĽѩĥĿֲɷУɢһֻۣɷȫɢʱĻ۾ͻἫΪ
ҶСĻĽѩžӾϽӣĵҶСһû˵ʲô


1380 ƽ
ҶСĽѩһ߽Ůһ˴кǿҶСĿ˼顣
Σա¶ʱΪҪǸˡ
ʮڣÿ춼ɱУжҶСǿҵ˼ԽԽµǻ̲ס룬ҶС磬һеȫӿ˳
Ǻ޲ôҶСĻԶŮڣҲڣοôŮӣҶСȥ˭ֽԼĿ¶һĨԹ
ܵŮвҶС翴Ů˵ȻžӨȥ˻С
һһŮһӵ
ŮϵϢܹǳ˲ٿ࣬ǰΪǸһΪͬǿ¥ĸо˸оﲻ̤ʵ
񲻽Ϊʵ࣬Ҳޱȣ֮ǰһ˿Ӣ
Ƕ˺ܶ࣬ҲֵõģΪ˺ܶ࣬ϣٽϢһ죬ʮµʱˣ֪ǻܹ١ҶСɳ˵
ģһŬΪĸѾ˺۷ˡҶСе΢΢ĵ˵
Ще˶˺ءӣҶС̲סһ
ҶСһۣû˵ʲô
ͲܰοһҲܲסͯҶС˵
Ǻǣֻǲи֮ġҶСЦЦȻһۺͶȥ΢΢ǸĿ⣬ŬͻƵ쾳磬ٶȾͻ
סȻһЦȻһˬµĴ磬һֻ޵ĸо
оҶСĿ⣬ſڣҪ˵ʲôĵû˵ڡ
Ů¶һĨЦ⣬ͬΪŮǵȻ׺뷨
ʫʱǽ̽ӹһǱߺܲȫҶСͻȻѦŮӣֻкʫǵףĸ׹ϵãܳһʱûмˣĸŮȻúʫĸһ˴кܲȫ
лл㣬С硣ҶСĺʫͶмĿ⡣
֮仹Ҫ˵ֻ˵ĻҿɾˡҶСװ˵ʫеҵӣЦЦ㿪ЦģԶԺɲ˵ֵĻ
ҶСЦݣʫһȻ˵ͷ
ʫǺǰһΪԼȡʲôԶΪ˿ǣŮǺҶСʱʱҶСߣЩλŮӣԶԶĿҶС硣
㲻Ӧɱ¾ͲҪȥˣڵϣҿԱһӣȥҶ㡣ҶС۵ĿŶŮ˵񣬺ʫΪѾ۷壬ϼûɷܹŮӲûôնɱޡ
ʫԸףɱ¾
ҶСĻŮже΢΢ļʣҶСǵҪӦһֱСϣǶںʫȴǳ۰ȥҶСʹȥ
һŮҲܹףҲ˽ʫģںʫҲǳϲ
ڸղҶСĻĽѩû˵ʲôоǺʫӦһ㡣
С磬ܹӦʫ˫ֽգһŵĿҶС硣
ҶС˺ʫߣ˻УӦǧҪǿ
ʫ˵ͷһɵӡ
ʱֿɶ˳࣬ҲûǰϲڣﻹǵöҶСոջǶסˣûпҶСǡ
󣬺Ůһ󣬾ȫϢˣȻ˶ߣҪ˯Ҳԣż˯߻ΪɣȻ
ڶ죬ҶСȽеĶʮ˻ѣǳȥӦӦȻȥʮ֪ͨ˳ȥ
еǿֲĻ۳׵ı˳ÿ˵Ϊǣʮʮ˶أ۷ˡ
˽ʱΪضѣصΪ
ΪߣҶСοѡ
ȻҪ˵ľҶСˣʥسڵĸ֣аһɱʥ۷ĸ֣аղЩֲսܹͶԷԿֲֿսܹԷնɱȻҲˡ
ʮ˻ѺҶСʹŮȥУͨ˵
ʮеĶԿһֻۣķɣֻ۾һ㴼ʱ󣬱Ӿˡ
üСò˶þͻͻƣҲֱͻƣмĲ̫԰ˡǺǡ


1381 
³ƽҵһķֶ˵ûʲôӰ죬Щ˸øʲôʲô
ô˻еĹ䣬ķĵطȴӰҶС벻ˡ
ҵߵĵ̵Щ˻ˣÿ˵Ϊںҡ
ɻ֮£ҶСϸȥֻһĵڣһϰмΪжɸеıɸ״һһ䣬·ĳĿëн롣
ϵɫΧȹĴŮԱ˫һ棬·֮伫ΪжɸУźԵüΪ飬ҲĽ壬ṹ
ҶСչһƬڣԺг֣ԶһСڣһѲ˵ʦޱȣӶ䣬·ĳֶɺ͹켣˵ӶƵȫһг˵ĿҲȫһ
ˣЩԷˣ·ˣܶ඼ɢһ˵ζǵһһ䣬ϣܿй䣬ǲ֪ȷʵ
ҶСһ˵Ĺ£ԷʮһĻϴСͬӵ䣬ȫһ¡
νƽ̺عع򣬲һҪȥ׷Ѱ˵˲䣬ڲ䣬ؼǿûзֵǿġ
䰡ҶС̾һ˵
ҶСĻŮǶĿͶҶС磬¶һ˿֮ɫǶ֪ҶСʱʲô˼
ҶСЦЦ˵ϸЩߵƣеЩϰĶ
ףǵĶΪйɣһֺӾϵܡһ˫ĿŹ˵
ǵһһ䣬̺ع򣬺ع˹ûпȥȻӿǵ壬ܹ졣˵·һ
⵽ôһ¡ͯɻȻĿͶҶС磬ҪҶСѰһ𰸡
ӿңҲ֪ô£ڲ򵽵ֶܹһֱ״̬ٶȾԱЩٶȿ࣬Ժ·ΪߡҶС˵
˫ĿȴһУΧ˵вȵȸָһƬһΪɣ·Ǵ
ʫʫС硭ˡʱ·ϵĲ˺ǴкҶС˫ĿϴŵЦݻӦʵصˡ
ҶСŮĵ˼غ䶯Ϊѵô·ŮһŮĽֵ
Χˣж¶ĽĹâдʵͳϿҶСʫк
ûöãһ˾˺ʫҵĵǰʱǳԷʱ䣬˺٣ѦڽƤгµĹԵüΪٶȶǾȵġ
ҶСһʱһ㶣漴ǾϲϴŴȰͼĿԼŮʫʫ
дһ˿Ĳʱûм棬ĸŮԷ
衭ʫĴһеĽѦһ첽˹ȥСһ˽˺ʫĻУѦ񷼺Сǻ·޿㡣
ʫԾ˾Ө飬һּ
⺢ӣͺáѦǴȰһ˫ϼ֣źʫԴ·ʫлûгĺӡ
ĸŮӵһͷֿˡ
ôŮӣѦ΢΢һ㶣漴¶һ˿Цݣ˵ôεĹŮϽ¥ȥС磬氢кš
õģ̡ҶС˵һȻŮ˶¥
ʫﲢխĿУŸоеӵԼˣҲû˵ʲô
ʲôջ񣿡ҶС罫ĿͶŮʵ
״̬¸عΪףǶҪѧϰˡһЦ˵
ҶС˵ͷʾͬһ˲У˰̣ôʵһĻ
һѦ񷼱ͺʫĸŮ˵ȵȣ׽ӡ
Ů˵ԼѦ񷼽Ҫǵˡ
ղ棬ѦѾӺʫĿ˽⵽֪ôŮӼҶСŮʱһޱȣû뵽ôŮӶԸҶСߣƽʲô֡
ԼŮί¥󣬿ŮڵһĻǵķ
ƴô꣬˻еˮƽģܹŮĺܺг
̡ղſжĶɣɲԸ⾿ôһ£һ󣬿ѦҪߣ̸Ͻʵ
λŮΡѦ񷼴һ̣һ䣬˵°ҵĥġ
ŬǸʱ䣬һ취ǾڸʱҶܲϰߣľԴ˺󣬸овˡ˵ȵȣʲô鶼Ϊ˳֣û뵽ֹˡ


1382 ߳·
ǵʵ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬һƬ˶֪£Ȼİ취ĥţһǸʲô飬󡣡ѦЦ˵
Ѧ񷼵ĻҶС΢΢һ̾ƽ鶼Ϳûһŷֵġ
̣ɲԽвˣе΢΢ڴ˵
Ůһ˫־ǰ״жһͲҪִֻˣнɣѦ񷼿һ˫ϸ̵˵
̡ͽ̽Ұɣ̴һ˿ζ˵
һĻҶС綼е㲻Լ۾Ͷ䣬û뵽̻ôһӣое档
̵Ѧ񷼴ӦһСʱҶС硢ʫͺѦ˵˰¡
Ѧ񷼻еԥϾѾ˺öˣ˵Ҫ뿪е㲻ᣬںʫҶСŮȰ˵£Ѧͬ
Ϊף룬ʳﶼҪǮ
ҶСŮؼҿ˭ĸĸԭ롣
ʱúܿ죬ûжþѾˣѧϰǿѾѧвˣǣûָо
Լ˵ҵʱŮǶˣǵļһԸ룬ҶС֪ŮӼ򵥣߿ֻѦȥ
صһ׼ҼԵøУҶСĸ׺ͺʫĸ׷·˵Ļһڵӡ
һҶСͺŮĸ֡
ʱˮеŮٶȼٵţҶСҪ󣬽ʥȲҪˣֻܹ
ҶСе󷨣յЩѰعҲҪģϾޡ
ÿһ֮ѰŹɣͬеľ
һתۼҶСѾµʱ䣬һʱڣ̺ϵΪͻƵʥؾ磬ȫĶɹ췣Ľѩ˾ڣһ磬һֱѹԼҶСҪŮĸȣӰԺķչ
С۹֪Ѿ۷壬ʥҲһţʣֻҪʮ΢΢ܹﵽʥ硣
ҲһΪ̶ͬȵ˺ܶࡣ
ҶСˡ޽࡯ŭ졯ˣ͸ͻƵ߲ǵĤ
ҪͻƵ߲㣬Ҫ֮һľ磬ԼУԼһһܹı仯Ҳ˵ҶСҪܹĿΧһռ˵ǵ仯ֻҶСһ䡣
ããϿУҶСվգӿ޾·ӿϣʮӵʱ䣬һвƽΪѾ˵ڡ
ҶСĿԶԶ½ӰɬһЦû뵽Ҳߴľ񹦣ƵľÿһÿһʽӦҵǣʲôȭʲôȭͲʺҡ
ڵķâ֮Ƿ޿赲նһУ򣬸ͲҪƨЦһֱ᱾ĩҶСԳһЦ˵
˰ˣЩȫɣѾҵ·ҵķѾȷڻҪúõȥĥһʱˣȭ߳һҵ·ҶСĿᶨ˵
£һʱ䣬һʱڣҶС󷨡񹦵ԽɻսϿûжãҲֻǵѣȫ˷ˣķâ֮֮Ҫ۳εĶսΪʵĶû뷢ӳֻдĽѡ
뵽һҶСһ亹ҿ׵磬ҪȻһ·Ҫͻǧѡ
¿ҪȥˣҲ˵һʱ䣬Լսͷ
ͨЩҶСȫһ泩ÿһϸڵı꣬ǰ׳â֮ΪҲǾӨ͸һ˿ʣַΧѾﵽ˶
ҶС϶һ˿ƮݣһƮƮɵĸо
ҵ·ʹڿʼ߳ҶСᶨ˵
ʱȥʮˡҶСһ˾ʧˣʱ󸽽
˽ȥеŮǷһһȥʮ
ŮǴ߳󣬶ԼͬĽĿͶҶС磬¶һ˿ʣеɻ


1383 ǿȭ
ô۹⿴ңǲϳˣҶС絭һЦʵ
ϳһõĺܡͯȤ
ڵһˣ㣬һֹ޷׽ĸоԸҲжϣϵϢ˺ܹܶ࣬գǣںȴˣɢűǰǿˡ̴ҶС˵
ţҲָоŮͬ˵
ҶС絭һЦͬĴ磬˵ǺǣΪҵԼҪߵ·Ĺ似ЩսʱҶܹҽЩȥɣȡ侫似ŷЩǶģҸͲҪЩ似װ˷˺ܶʱ䣬ͨˣ˺ܶࡣ
ҲһڿʼҪҵԼ·ҪȻ·װ˷Ѻܶʱ䡣ҶС翴Ů˵
ҵԼ·Ľѩü΢һɻĿҶС磬ҲĿͶҶС硣
ҵʺԼĹʽ˵óýͽķڽϣоļܲҲһ㣬ŮӶʺ似͵似˵ǲǾ˷ʱ䣿ҶСĵ˵
˼ˣ˼רϰóģľٶһЩҪȻԼ֪עǸŹâ˵
ҶСͷͶȥһ͵񣬡ӣԼóģ似ǿԽںϽʺԼ似С
˶ΣҶС罫ĿͶĽѩҸ㴫˺ܶ似Щ似㶼ûʱǲǶֺ֪ã
Ľѩ˼ĵ˵ͷ
̫̰ˣֻҪʺԼľУһãȥʮںһһĥս似ġҶСһĽѩС˵
⻰ҶС統ȻǸĽѩһ˵ĽѩӸˡ
ˣа˸µʱˣŬҶС翴ŮЦ˵
ҶСŮһ£ȥСһǰĸȥˣҶС֪ͨʮһº
ǰʱǶˣһɫصȴŽ
ҶС㣬а˸µʱ䣬඼ܹǽȥһΡ
ŶʮɫطֽУӣҶС΢΢һ̾󷨻ǲٴβóʱ
һҶСŮȥʮŮжһֿɶΪѾ۷壬ʮԱ֮ҶС粢ôģȻǸֿɶڴһģİȫ
һκһҶСֵĵطǵڶʮһ죬ֱӴɽϷ£һֻ֣̾ޣҶС׼Сһ֡
𡭡ʱֻͬʱһ¶˷ܣ·ǿʳĵ
ֻ޾޴ԴһڣҶСʱֱסˣǺԻ໥һ£ȻŤͷܣ·𿴵ʲôµһ㡣
ҶСδռ侭ѾסҶСϵϢζ񿴵ʳﾹȻҶС磬ȻҪˣҪȻԼûбˡ
ɣһҾܣҶСޱƵ˵˲ʧԭأһӳֻǰ
֪ܹҵĻҪܣҪȻҾնɱǣһȭǾͿˡҶС翴ֻ˵
ϣȭӳ˿ƶûУΪƽҲûκεĻɣȭУҶСôʡ
ֻּٺҪܿһεѾǵϡ
ֻסˣ˫Ŀڸϱ仯·޾ֻС
Ȼ䣬ֻ޵ϲһ˿ڣѪ˿ڷ·Զѵһ㡣
һĻҶСû뵽˵Ŀ£࣬׽͵ֵ
ܹȭһȭֻ޺飬ȵʵȭǿ
ǣղҶСֻóһʶѣֹǺһһȭֻ޸Ͳ⡣
ûпֲûӵֻƽƽֲĽ
غ𡭡ʱֻ˹ǿԼϲѷʱͺд󣬷·ҶСŹǡ
ȥһԡҶСƳһֻޣնŽɫŵķжȥ
޿ϷʱŭĺһȻ󹥻쵽ǹϤϢ󣬶ή޴Դ
찡ô˰ɣôڵڶʮһ찡ǵڶʮһ죬޺ߵĹͬ


1384 ֲ
ããԭϣ·һķᱮս󣬲ʱ޺ߵʬ嶼ʧѪⲻǱЩʳˣǱԶԵ޹ʵʧˣͷ·Ƭռĳֹǿлԭһ㡣
һطҶС羲Ȼվǰһֻ޵˫ĿԽһ䣬һֻֻʣһͷܡ
ڶνʮѾһٶʱˣԼһµʱ䣬ҶСӵڶʮһ쿪ʼȭһֱ˵ڶʮ죬ĿռڣеһŵҶСϵζƴܡ
ڵڶʮڣҶСѾ˺ܳʱ䣬ܹõ˼ۼ¡
ȭơֶָζѣڷâ֮棬еʽεֶҶСȫˣֻʣ˼򵥵Ĵ̡áÿһâ֮ӵĪ֮ܡ
֮ͷâ֮ȽϵĻߵĹͬ
Ŀǰԣս;һΰڶعķâ֮عǿ
˵ҶСս˺ܶ౶Ǹˣһ׾ٵնɱԷ
ʵٲһ˿˿͵˵۷壬ؿռѾûʲôʲôܹĶˣֻŰˣûбŰ
һ֡վڱϵҶС˫ĿбųһɫʣĶţûһ˿·һͨˣâ¶ҶСྶͥ
廯Ϊһ⣬˲ʧط
һϣһֻɫڱСѪſӨĴǿҸʴԵҺԶԶϵ·˯̳ʳΡ
ͻȻ䣬һСĶ䶯˶漴һĮһ˿ľ裬һ˿Ŀ񱩡
ˡ
弫ΪվΧĿռ
֪ͦǿģˡʱһؼصһ̣һӰֻǰһӰȻҶС硣
𡣡
һֻ޿һһɱϢŷ·һֻĵҰޣ׺֮Ƭռ䡣
һֻ޺ΪȻ˯ʱԭ¡

ǰצռҲǰצԲڵĿռ䶼·Ҫһ㣬һɿֲľͷ
ǰҶСҪսֻʥ۷ޣ϶ᴦ·磬ΪԼĵ·ս˺ܶ࣬Ͳ¶Է
ҶСɣֱվǹɿֲľӿʱָ̳һεķâ֮ŷ΢΢һӣؼĳֹ
һצӻĿֲɲǼʧ·޴ûлһһ㡣
һ׷ҶС΢΢һ̾ɫйƱ˸֣һƴһεŷɲǼֻϡ
һӵʱ䣬޾ήҲ񣬷·Ǳ˪˵һ㣬ղųӰ޹⣬ҡҡ׹˫ȷ·Ų塣
ҶСһõеıھһͳɰ׳ˣһȫ꣬ôͻ
Ϊһҹ׷ҲΪ˷ܹȣЩĪкܴĹ
׻˵ģָľˡ
࣬ΨֲֿѴ⣬ҶС绹ֻھһ֣ǱȫھҶСһԾΪһˡ
޾ڡҶСٴһ䣬һӳһεӿޡ
ֻһͨޱȣǷŭǿ־壬ĪΣգ޴һ𵴣·ҪƬռ𶯵
ɹγɵķ籩𣬿ռ䱻˺ѵĲֹ
һ𣬽ҶСǹ˲٣һִϣľήˣһѪ
׷
ҶСָŷռûһ˿Ĳͨ
ʱֻͻȻӴסĲֻצӻӶ˺Լ塣
һƬһƬģѪⱻ˺Ѷ£ѪͣطɽƬȫȾˡ
أ
һ춯һֻ޵˵ϣϢɢһ˫оɻ󣬻һ˿Ŀ־塣
һֻ޵֪⾿ôһ¡
Ȼ£ҿҴһ·߳ҪȻ֪ԼҶС̾һ˵
ĹƵᷴûһ˿ɱǰˡ
¡
ͻȻ䣬һ޴ƴ󣬷·Եص´գء


1385 ռ
¡¡֮Ϻ죬ؾͷ
ؼľͬڵĹˮ޹˶ܹ籩𣬼ǹĵĿẮ֮һʱ䣬ܡ
ʱͻȻ䣬ıҵĻζûζһ£ΧĿռ䶼ھҲ·Ҫһ㡣
ꡭꡭ
ϸ΢Ӹıϴؼ¡¡֮쳹ƴ󣬵ܹԵ·ǲͬһϵ
ҶСĿȥֻΧı˲ѷ죬ͬ֩һ㣬ЩѷΥӱӡ
ô£ѵƬռҪˣҶСӦòǣǿռҪˣһһΣУںƽͺǳȻһ㡣
ء𡭡
޵ĺֲϢƬռϿչѣʱռҲܹЩпֲˡ
ꡭ
ѵԽԽ٣Ө͸ıǵѷ죬·һ·һ㣬Щѷӵײʱ
䣡
еıͬʱһʱȫըѣֳϸ΢С籩о
ŰЩϸ΢Сſµľܺɨʥ֮£Ի˲ͷʧ
ҶСΧĿռ䵴ڵ˳γֵ֣Щϸ΢ĿղЩϸ΢ĿʱҶС綼о˼ǿҵʹС
䣡
ʱһһ𣬹תγһ޴̫ͼ˹ȥ·Ǳž޴̫ͼ
ıѣ˵ҰΪ֮һƽıԭҶСĿķؾͷؾͷһƬ죬·ȼŵĻ棬ããıԭͷһ߷ָۼ
ҶС֪ߵķָ¾һƬĿռˡ
һʱ䣬һֱڱԭûйȥ
ಡʱӰƳĵطȥ
ߣҲǸȥ·Ǹʲô˵Ķһ㡣
ˡڣһֻֻ޷ıܣǵ¶˳ȵĹâ
콵󣬿϶ʲô˵ĶˣҪȻҲôơ
᲻ĳɹ
˵ǣҲĳҲĳǿĴڵˡ
ǵٶȿ㣬һҪǱ˵Ҫ˽ȵˡ
𣬷ԲķΧӲҶСĲ鿴
ѵĻʲôöɣУҲȥҶСӰҲǸȥ
ٶȼ죬Խ˺ܶǰеߡ
νʮҶСڿиֵȲ˵ĵط͵һҶСΪģԲķΧھʮ֣֪ڶʮؿռжִڡ
ҶСǰУڿƬ֮صľһƬĴأϳɫĸɽܻӸɽ緢ɫЩȫǳȵҽ¶ȸߵˡ
ڶʮڣһǱԭһǻɽһһ𣬿Ϊ졣
ɫıԭͺɫĻɽ紦һΡߴɽؼ䣬ɽһΪɫһΪɫǴɽϱŷġ
ΡĸɽΧռҵ𵴣Ťһߴ󵨵Ľ룬ոսͱŤĿռ˺ѳ飬Ѫҽûз
һĻЩǰ߶ͣס˽Ųû˸ǰһһֻֻޱڶǲ˼ֵĴڣ׷׽˸ɽΧ
ɽһռУЩ޺ͱԭϵ޳һģһϵëȴǻɫģȥ˫̥һ㡣
ҶСʱѾ£޺ߣɨһܣֱɽжٶ֣ôʱˣû뵽ྐྵȻô֣⻹ֻʥ죬˵ˡ
ʱҶСĸһʶ
ЩϵĴżԺҪСĵ㣬ҶС
ʱҶСͻȻĿһâ֮˫ĿбųǸ͵ϮˣԷһͷ׷Ѿָ˺ɫΪҲͻƵٽ㣬һŶѡ
һ˿ûҲûаնɹ췣ʱѹʵ׼ۺܶͻơ
⣬ں̸ǧͻȻоһĹâ˹Ӧ֮¿ȥҶС磬Ŀ¶һ˿ɻ΢΢ü֪ô
ҶС绻һòûϳ
ǺɣȻˣһһ㳢Գҵ͹ʽߣҶСջĿ⣬̫ͼ


1386 ն
ôˣǧɫ۵ѯʵ
ûʲôֻͻȻܵһɱ⡣ǧһЦ˵ȻƵᣬһʲôںӣʵϣѾҶСһӼС
˵ڶʮ죬ûٵˣһ˶˵Ҳ
ǳ鷳ϣĳӵܣҪȻǾ鷳ˡǧһ׷ԲԵ߿Χֵĵ˵
ǧ΢΢˵ͷҲҶСĳˣһսģе߶ۼһ𣬻ʮ˿϶ܶ࣬һԷ˸ߺ󣬿µȴǵľֻбնɱˡ
ӣĳˣһɢޣȶһɢ޵ĻǾͽնɱеΣնҪɱѿ״̬ԱԺǴǧŵĺ˵
¡
ؼһ죬âͻȻʧе̫ͼҲɢɽΧĿռ佥ָŤ״̬Ѿʧ
ˣһʱҲû˸ҽ룬һıռ˺ѳɷ顣
ûԸȳԣôԡʱһ͵˵һ䣬ɽϷɱȥ
߽ղſռŤķΧʱûһ쳣вɵһɣղһȻܴһںӣ˭ܹĲںأ
غ𡭡
ͻأ䣬ɽе޺ԭߣÿһֻ޿³һƴţÿһж̺żΪֲ
ɢſµΰĿһ£ͼɽеߡ
ܵĿռҶ˱͸ԭֻռ䶼Ϊ֮Χֶľѡ
ΣոһϱΪµٶͽȻһɽȥ
䣡
һɢźƴײһ۳һ㣬Ȼը˿ܾ·Ǵ󺣱ѣˮ
ЩܼûдߣȻֱನˣݺݵײɽ塣
䣡
һ޴صɽ嶼֪
ؼ䣬һƬž˭Ҳû뵽Ȼֽ֡
Ҫɽ뽫еնɱСһĿ߳˵
ôޣҪȫնɱ̸סһ̾һ˵
̫ˣ飬壬ôնɱôޣ϶ܹ
ô죿ѵҪնɱЩޣһֿΡĸɽ˵
Ȼ֪ɽʲôǾƾղŵ󣬾֪һʲô˵ĺö
ȿ˵˵ֻôɱһѪ·ˡһɢŲѪĹâ˵
ҶСվվĿһУһ²ؼӣĿͣɽɽۡ
ʱͻȻ䣬һ㴫һռڣҷƮһţʱ䣬ˬһƣһɨգİˣ·ϵס
ɹɹҪȻôֲҩЧһɢųȵĹâ˵
һҪõܹϵİ
ҵΪֻһ˵õҾܹͻˡ
ʱеĸֶһлȣضɽ壬Ǻ޲ȥɽΧޣ˲ò̰֮ʱѹ¡
ɱɱͻȻ䣬֪˭֯һ飬黯Ϊһ⵶ݺݵĴ̽ȺС
䣡
ֲռ˲ʮֻ޻Ϊ˷ĩѪˮ죬ʮֻˡ
ⲻһͷһ֧ķѪȣȾ˺ܶˣԷԵһ֧֧飬նɱЩޡ
ҶСһֱĿһĻ۾עǧʱǧΧѾۼ˲¶ʮ֣һµĹâӿΪ˼׶Ϊ˳ȫȺ
Ҫնɱʱˣ¹ȥ˵ܲ˵ģҶС
λѣǵĶһնɱЩôʱһɫͼ۵ҶСǰ˵һϿҡ
ҶС翴˿ܣе߶壬һ˵ĻԵ̫ˣȺӿ϶Уµ˵ͷʹӦ
һ֧ʮ˵Ķ飬ҶСʮˣĴ£Ҳһޡ
ò˵ָ൱һ˸˲ùĻֵ޵Ĺһһ
ҶСǹԱÿһƶޱȣûκεҲûʲôɫ˵ͶĿ⡣
ҪǸоռ΢΢Ĳ˶ΪҶСûг


1387 
ããԭɫɽĽ紦ҶСһ֧֧飬Ρɽķɱȥ
ǱԭһߣɫɽǱߵҲ˶飬նɱЩ赲סȥ·Щޡ
Щһֻֻ¶˷ܵӣ·ǳ˷ܼһ㣬ǲȥɽɢı赲ȥҶСе벻ˡ
սڼÿһУµƥһӶ۳һɣǰռ䷢Ű·۳һɢ䡣
һֻֻ޵ĹҲΪֲǵצӣеĹţĽƣµĹ
ʱһַֹȥԭıԵȾˣѪҺϵ۳Ϫ޶Ѫȡ
նһУһγʮɵľ޴󳤵ݺǰնȥ
ۡʱ䣬мʮɥһǰ˼ʮ׵ľ롣
еĶ鶼һռ䣬ȻǰСɽſ
Щ޶ڵûкһҪȻôܼȺУֶ붼ᱻ
䣡
һƬڵͻȻǵĿֲһӽһĹĻ飬Ǹеһɥһˡ
һսһ߹۲жɫһ䣬á
Щ޵һǵĩˡ
ɢƾʵɽһӸкƵ죬˶֪ȥǻƶٶȾԻΪв
ಡ˲ܶɢ˿һַɢǲޣֻ˳ͨˡ
ҶСҲһ꺰ɢʱÿһԱܡ
һ̣һֲġ۳˷һСĹ¡
䣡
أ۵˼ը˿ʱʮֻޱըѪ׷ɣֲܾʵޱȵıط·Ҳܹըһһɿʮɳ³ѷ졣
𡭡
ΧЩ޷ŭˣһ³ţŸղЩֵ޹ȥ
ᣬΧֶǰɱȥ
ҶСӰȣӰ󣬺ܶסˣǲ֪ùһ˼ʱҶСѾʧˡ
ɱһξҶС粻ò֣ʱɽһ׵ľˣǾһ׵ľзֲ߰ʥ۷ޡ
Ϊ޲ôܼˣλĿܵ˿Ӱ죬ҶСѾ嵽˴˴һֻֻĹҶС磬ҶСɽ塣
ҶСĹ㣬˫ֲĳÿĳһƣһӿҲһֻ޾ήҲ񣬻
ʱѾ˲ٸֳڣҶС翴˿ȻΪˮɫ·ûͫס
ʱΪķԲʮ׵Щһܵ˲ˣô˻ᣬҶСǰУʩչ񹦵ʱҶСѾΪһ⣬Ȼʧɽϡ
ͻأ䣬ҶСоһ٣ռ·һ㣬ǣǲǿռۣȻӣռļ̶̳Ҳʵ˺ܶࡣ
оԼޱȣ·Ͽɽһ㡣
治ðҶСɬһЦһתܹǰߣһ߳ʮɵľ룬Ҫٱԭϣһܹ߳ľ룬Ǿ޴ĺ
ɽ棬ֿҶС羹ȻѾߵɽɽʱһˣǲʣǳļʡ
Ѿ޺ٵƬǧˣĿ΢΢һ
е㲻ܹһɽ˵ΪޱȣѾ¶ɱ⣬ǻд鷳ˡɫ˵
ѵĸ˻Ըɫ۵˵
ҪСκθ֣ǻҪ㣬ҪͲǶ֣һõ˱϶Ϊʸ֮ףǸʱ򣬿е˶֡˵
˶٣˵ǸϽɽȥܹõ͵õϾԼʵһ㣬һõˣҪõǧˡ
ҵǣǵĵһҪǶñǸ֣ǿĸֶԸǧ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҶСɽɽɧܲУһʱܶ־ͽƬٵ
еڶ˴޵ķȻɽߣٶȺҶСٶȻ൱
Ѿ˳ȥˡ塭
ɱЩɶ񡭡
޷·ǹˮһ㣬ڵڶ˳ɽϺ䣬ʮִȺ̤ɽ壬ǵ嶼һ٣ȻߣЩҲɽϵˣ·ִĳһ㡣


1388 ɽɽ
һףһΡϣӰɽߣԶԶȥͷ·һȺڸ·
ƽʱһʥǿ߻ôĥߣշɶɼ͵ˣɽϵ޴ޱȣǧͷɲֻԳķʽǰС
֪Ѿ˰ɽҶСǵһɽˣȴһˡ
ҶСɽһһӡûȫԽϣѹԽǾ޴󣬱һܹ߳ʮɵľ룬һֻܹ߳һɣһЩΪ˵õôȫǳҶС磬Ҳ۵ҶС񻹱ս
ɽ֮ϣ֪ʲôҶСȥ鿴ǣֻܹɢʮ׵ľ룬⣬ԼǵһαԼ
ˣҶСֻʵʵߡ
ȥˡҲ֪˶ãͻȻһƴɽϴֻһѾվɽ֮ϣԣĿйâķɽ۵ף·Ǹ߸ϵ飬ܿܿ
һеڶתۼʮֵɽ˷嶥ÿһ˵Ϸ嶥󶼻ḩɽһ·ҫʲôֵٸߴĿ֡
ҶСҲɽԾػͷһããԭǧ·ǾҰУһֻᵱһɽСĸо
ֲÿ˶ϲվ￴һվɽɽ˵л᲻Ծһɺ飬һɶ־ҶСת߹һƽغٵʮ׳б£ǰȻʣһƽأʮ
ɽ룬һ޴ޱȵӳ֣ɢһɼϢһɼ֮Ϣͻһֵĸо
ʱЩɽĸֶվӱԵ໥ʲô
ҶСߵӱԵʱˣǲԲṹжǱɵĿӱڣһһģ͹ƽǳɫʯ۳ɵĿӱڣҲǰ͹ƽ
ǸǶֻһȣʵǣҺòǾʮȣǾʮȣͲûˡ
棬һɫĺˮɢſẮϢ·ܹ˵궳ᣬһǻɫҽ¶ȸߵˣռ䶼΢΢Ť֪¶жôĸߡ
Щص㣬ΪעĿɫˮͻɫҽķֽһһߵС
СɳʻɫҶƬȴΪɫſźɫɫâƵɹҶƬ֣Ʈ֮ܣ·ʹ
˶ȵĿһĻȴû˸ȥժ˭ҲԸһȥ䵱˭õɹȻҪǸʱٵľڶֵΧ
ʱʧԽԽɽһ̲סһ£һȥժɹôҪȻʱԽԽ࣬ǵõɹĸҲԽ͡
ĻӦ޼˸ͲԸȥ˭õɹԸðյȴûмˣ˭֪ǸӱϵĺǷʵһȥ϶ûˡ
ȻˣҪȥԣһߵƳһ˵
ɫһ죬Ҳ˵ˡ
ףǿ쿴ɫˮɫҽղŻжٶ׵ľ룬ֻһʮˡͻȻһ˵
仰ȥȻˣһֱضӵײӾƣͣûзֵ֣ѣŷһ
ʱÿ˵۾ȵԵԼ״̬Ȼɫҽɫˮɹ
޾֮·ǻкܴĻᡣ
ɽǾܹǿˡ
һĴս϶ǲɱġ
һЩ໥֮ʶ˵š
бĹʧѾʮСʱΧԭԽ࣬ܿе˶վɽϣֱΪĿӿΧסˣÿһ˾ÿһʮңҲΪ˷ֹΧ˶ԼͻȻº֡
Сʱ󣬾ɽֻжʮ׵ĸ߶ˣλĵǿСȫ¶ǰϸĸɫˮͻɫҽУ·ȡĳ֡
ſȭͷСɹˡ
ÿ˶ȥȡɹǣǹĺ֮֮û
֪ɹûУûгժ»ʧȥܶ๦Ч
Ӧóˣ˵ǰâʹɹı־
һһôᵽƽ䡣ҶСһٶ״һ̸š
񣬺ֶܶ׷ӣ֪һõɹģ˶һ˿Ըסˣһ˾ͿԳˣɴ˺ܶࡣ
ûѰҶСӣҶСҲûҪһᡣ
ʱɽϣһѶѡһشصһΪ˱֤˵˼һ֤
һʱɽϣûмǹ¹µһ


1389 ɹ1
ɫɢż֮ĺˮɫɢϢҽǣΧ۾һգգĶŷֽϿյһС
Ѿ˳׼ʱ׼ȥȡɹ
ಡĸ߶Ⱦɽ׵ľǣͻȻ䣬һѹƲסǿҵ̰ÿϿֲƳǽԼȫ˳һ˻һķռ䣬·˷˿ֲǿСȥ
Ǹոճһ׵ľʱֲѹòǽŲȼĺˮ
ǵ˫Ÿողڼĺʱʱ䣬һʮȫ˱ӦٶȶûС
ѣƽĺˮУˮһ㲨ûг֡
һĻе˶˵˻кڣղҲ̲ס׼֣ԥһ¶ѣǵͱסˡ
ղŻ۷׷׵˶ͣס˵ǼɵĶƽĺ档
˶ܹܵǹɼϢ˭Ҳ벻ˮȻôĺ䣬Ȼ˲ʥصǿ߱Ϊ˱飬£̫ˡ
һסˣûٸҶˮôĺ䣬ҽ¶ȵжߣʶֲ֪ޱȣܹ棬¶Ȼͣûٸȥʵһ¡
ѵԶòɹ𣿡˵̾ǲʡ
ǳʲôʣҪȻǾֻܹɵˡ
ɹǰȴ޷õ֣Ƕô顣
ܻһġһ˵һӣΪѣۣɫ״ĵۺһ̫ͼһ֪䵱֡
˵Ļ˶ĿͶ˹ȥ¶һ˿ľ裬ļ˴ˣʹ˵ϿһС
¡
˵עźˮҽλѾɽƽˣʱһֲɢƽĺ沨ƵȵҽҲһ󷭹
ˡһĻΧ˸ϽˣΨּĺˮͳȵҽǶɱӻȼճΪҽ
˳ʮҵľ󣬷ֲû˵϶¶һ˿Σɫ˲ͻָ
ʱͻȻ䣬Ϣ籡ڱɽһߣ˶ɪɪݴһߵĻɽ֣ȵЩֵۺͷΪ˽ɫȵͷ󺹡
Ϊµʥ֣Ȼͨ˲ŻеһĻ֪жôĶӡ
ǡ
΢춯ϴֻһıȵҽҲΪ˳ɫʯ·ɽΪһ𣬻˵ˮҽɽһ֣ĳԭ˱仯
ǿСΧɫͺɫĹâ֣·ǱССܵһ˿˺
ϢȵϢɢȥѾֲɽ͸ղźˮķֽˡ
ѵ¶Ѿ׵Ļָһ˵ѾܲϢ
ҶСͻȻ¶һ˿Ĺ֮ɫоһЩҲܹʮ׵ķΧˣ˲١
صĳһ
е˶һɫ¶һ˿ϲɫǰΪãƶľ롢̶ȣͨһ㣬Ǹоǻָ˺߰صˮƽ
ţɽԼһǧ˰ף״̬ҪﵽҪ䣬ҵʵȫĻһԴﵽƾĵĲˣµҹȥΧЩ˵Ĺ͵ˣ̫ҪͲܣһΧ׶༪٣ȲҪ֣ҶС綢ɫͺɫڲĹĻ
ʱһ鲻ȥˣ໥ơ
䣡
һӶʮһϱֲǹ࿹⣬һ˻Ϊһ⣬Ųȱɱ˹ȥ
һˣûбסһʱ䣬е˶лȣǱɽߵĻǻɽǱߵˡ
ˣȥĿ꣬ɹһһӿ˹ȥ
塭
һӶӸַӦ죬·裬ȥ
Ƭռ·ҪƳˣľƺƵ
˶жˣҶС粻λȥ
ǿҪɹǰˣֹҪȻɹͳǵˡͻȻ䣬һ˺еͬʱһȭ˿ֲܡ
ܵӰ죬һȭľӿȥʱѾ˺ܶࡣ
˵ĹֻǸӣ˵Ҳһ˵õɹһֲִĹۣǾ޴ȭͷߺƾ޴ӰҲǸֱӰͳͳ˹ȥ
¡
ĵһƬ򣬿ռµÿ˵Ĺĺܶ࣬ôĸֺȥҲǼΪֲġ
ꡭһ˵ķֱÿϡ
ۡһӶʮһˣ˶³һѪҷ˳ȥܵˡ


1390 ɹ2
һһֱȽˣֱСǰֻҪվԾһ¾ܹõɹˣȻǰʱܹƴһһĹ֡
ֿԼʹСʱ԰¶һĨ
찡ҵһλᣬһҪץסܹλװ״˻˫Ŀбų˼ǿĿ⣬·ûʲôܹ赲
ಡˣֻǼΪĴӱͷϵɹ·ֻֿɵá
ʱͻȻ䣬ǰ΢΢漴һѾӨ͸ķɵ֣һѷɵ˵ͻأһ㷴Ӧʱ䶼û¡
ۡϸ΢ǱɵͲֵüģµֵ岼ѷ죬ѪҺ
أ
ը˿ʬ޴棬ǱɵԶɻûһС
ˣҲΪɹҪǸ˶ˣֻҪ˭СԱ߶ŭһԼಿλ˵·ǱղһĻסˡ
ʱ˶ھɽλʮ֮ĵط·Ǹɣû˸Ҷ̤һҪȻͻ⵽˵ֹ
ʱеĸֶսɽһƬңľռؼ
ҶСڶ֮Уûг֣̤Ĳ㣬ȻûзãҲɹкܶãϤŸµжս
ֲľӣѪ䣬иˡи档
ôһɢĳȥȡɹһ֪һ𹥻һˣӣǾлõɹˡżһʵ˵ǻ۵Ĺâ
ãȫû⣬ܲܶɹһжҪһڴӦ
жżʵ߿бų֣ʱ䣬¼Һżһʮǿȫɢ˿Сɱȥ
׵ľҲӶѣ˷Ӧʱ򣬳ҵĸѾھСʮ׵ĵط
ɱɱǣǧܹǶɹһ˷һ޴ĺʱ䣬ǵصĹ˹ȥ飬·ǿӿ˳ҪûһС
˲һζĹһǰһ߹ҶСǰѾ嵽˾ɹʮԶĵط
ƺƵӿʱ䣬ҵľĸ˵ʮˣǲܲ˼ȥ
ٶĸСǰһƬȣ׷ԾѣٶִԽĻ׼ժɹ
ء
Ļϱųһǿֹǽ룬˵ȥֱ˻ȥ
ʱɫһ䣬ܹõɹڿ϶ڶߵΧ
˷ǳϣòɹϽ룬ɹ˵ǵȫΪҪ
Ǹոʧԭأʱһննڱ飬漴ǺƺƵһ˭Ҳ֪ҪɹͲܰ
һĻҶС¶һ˿ϧ֮ɫղŶԷܹƿĻȡһöͻᶯóٶȳСԱߣȡɹ
ֲڵء
ǡ
һ΢ͻȻ˿ȥ˫ɫĻڿֲѳķ϶漴ͬһ顣
ǿСǿ󣬸ͲʲôӰ죬ſɹͻȻ£ſɹſֲеıϿգЩķΪȥ
֡
Ͻᡣ
Ƭأ˾죬ɹºҷɣе˶˭ֿ죬˭ܹõɹ
ȺеҶС˫ĿйâųĿ
ûᣬҶС˲ʧͬʱɹɹ봢ָУǣɹϲľʵ̫ˣͲҶСĿơ
ֻܹˡҶСȶס˾һöɹ
ȣдУɹһ˷ܣŽߵɹץȡЦһɹҵˣ
ͻȻ䣬·ǲŻˣ־ûָոɹʱɹͱһֻץˣٶȼ죬һʱ䶼סˣӿ
ֵ˵ȻҶС磬õɹҶСԥս˴ָУ磬ޱĽӡ̤ܹ˺ܶ˵Ĺžһɹ֮سȥ
ڶʮؿռУٶǵڶû˸˵ԼǵһǰɹСʱûлᣬɹȫɢ˿ƬһƬңڻˮ㣬
˭ҵɹҺƲֺһ˵
ɹҪ֣ǰ·ͱ˽ȡˣ˭Ҳ޷һĻ
ȥɹ
ûУղĸ˳ֵģ
ҿˣղǸȥˡ
ߣȥ
ڶֶӿ˸ղҶСߵķ򣬺ܿǾͽҶСõֵɹˣɹ


1391 ŵ
ӵõɹˡһصؼ䣬ɢһԵϲá
ȥȴһĸߴӣץһöɹɢΧڶֵ̰
һһȭҪնɱӣȻȡɹ
ӷ·۾һ㣬־һȭͬһȭͷҳŷµΧĿռ΢΢޴ĵطܹһȭÿռҪ
ءƵײ͵ϮĿǿһӱȥȻȵվ
һҵɹĿͭһһɺһҪֵӡ
ᣬղ̲ס׼ɹڲˡָϽ˵ӰʧˣղһȭѾжϳ˶ԷʵߣȻҪˡ
ٺ٣һɹѾˣඣĿӣɹ˻Уɽµķɱȥ
ľٶѾܶ˿Укܶ˶ӡ
˵ҶСõɹ֮ٶһɹһ䣬ͽЩԼ˦ˡ
ʱƬڵɹ״ֺ̬󣬻¸
öɹɸߵľ룬κҪõɹգһվͻΪ˵İӣķǱġ
ҶСӰƶһֻǰߣһ߶˵Ĺһ߹۲ơ
ͻȻһ궯ɹ·Ŀռ䶼һˣѾɹ˴һΧ
һһԾ㽫ɹץУΧ˹ʱ䣬һĻγɣǸ˵İȫ
ꡭ䡭
Ļѣֱֲܿ³һѪ˱ϡ
˭ҳᣬѵżԣΧ˴һ˫Ŀ磬ɨķ˵ͬʱʮһŷµƣѾǾżҵˡ
ˣΧĸֶ̾һ֪öɹ᲻ˡ
żҵˣȻ˶ҶС΢΢һ̾˵ЩһŽκ˶õɹ
̵ġһɹ𣿾Ȼô˹ҡͣͣͣҲҪɹ˻𣿡ʱҶСһƺ
ͻȻ䡣оһɾ붼ûһȭͬʱŤͷȥһɫһ䣬ʱ䣬ȭΪƣץ˹ȥ
ǵǱĶһɹϽɹץӰƾճ֣ټ٣ټ棬ܶǰһ֪ǸҶС硣
ȻҲ˿ҶСܵķ
׷ܹˡ
ҶСһεܷʽһһܵĹУɹؽָУȻһɹĵطȥ
ˣû뵽ܹõöҶСͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ͻȻǰеĹ켣ϡ
ߣҶС˵˫ĳ
ɹͬʱȵԴһֲľ
䣡
𶯣ķȥҶСǰеٶ裬ĸӿҶСʼʩӰֻ
һ࣬һǰжȥʩչӰһɹЩ׷ĸ֣һַˣɹС
ֵܸҶСôıòļܣܾһͶϣôܶ˦ûȥıò
׷ҶС˫Ŀбŷ⣬ȻתŸղǰеķУɢΧĸ̶ֲͬȵܵӰ졣
ĸҶСȻûԤϵҶСͻȻת
˭ˡ
һŭɽХ
ϲ໹
á

ҶС˲ÿһ࣬âûУȴ̺Ϣ֮
ǡֵͻȻѳѷ죬Ѫ漴ֻʣ·Ǳһ㣬ϸ˺ܶ࣬ҶСٲһƣͷܶûˡ
ֶʱסˣ˫Ŀûһ˿ģ·ǵܣһֶıȽϿ죬ήңһѪϽݣг˿־壬ҲҶҶС綯֡
ǸܵķҶСǹҳһ˿⣬ԷϵΪ
ءͻȻը˿Ѫ׷ɣһĻһסˡ
Щ׼ҶС綯ֵĸһȴˣǸͷ
Ƕ֪ҶС缫Ϊǣһʱ䣬Ҳû˸ҴҶСɹˡ
ղҶС綼󣬵ǣղЩ˵ڷͼʱ򣬿¼ʹնɱʮҲܹЩ˰֡
ɱһʱ䣬ܹǶһ㣬ʱѸײڶ֮նɱһ¸֣ܹá


1392 ѣ
££Ȼһնɱʥĸ֣ʵǿ
Ǿš
ǻǱˣۣǵΪǲܹߣɹȥ
һЩַ׷˵
ҶСƳһˣʧһƬЩҪҶСжȡɹ˾вʣǣʶҶСʵǿò
ţʵȻǿҪжȡɹҪ취ˡȺУһֶҶС
ͻȻջĿ⣬һ˿ļɵļ£ÿµĸ֪Ȼܹ쵽ҵķ򣬲УȲܹݾߣҵǧ׷ɢôܣܹ׷ϣȲ
עֵӰʧˡ
һڣҶС·ɫıˣɰɫΪ˺ɫҲΪ˲ע⵽
һ˫ĿĹâɨΧղֲһֱֿӵĸо
ʲô˶סңҶСĴ˿ûзʲôˣҶСȥ
ʱɹûб˵õڼҵš
ؼͬ˳һ㣬ֲľĴӣ·Ҫ˺еһС
ѾõɹҶС绹ѰŻῴܲٶõû˻ɹࡣ
ҶС翴˿öɹ·ĸѾγƣԲ룬ɱȥƱػᱻЩַ֣ɹС
ˣһɣҪٶһöɹЩ˾ҪˡҶСһЦȻվԶżһĻ
ʱţһööɹ˸ԵĹʣһöɹˡ
ſɹҶСõöżҵõһöĿӵõһöż塢䵱¼Եõһöһöɹת֣ڲ֪˭
ÿѵҳ¼᲻ɣһöɹڣ¼һ˺һ˫Ŀ磬ֲƱŷһסˡ
ʱһ𣬡ǳ¼ңǿɲ£ѵǳ¼ôʵԿɣ
ǣôˣѵһĳ¼ңҲ̫ǳ¼˰ɣ
һöɹƾֶᡣ
һߴһ߷׷˵
һöɹˣ쳣ļңѪ罦ռ䶼ҡ
ʡʴӣһƬ򲻽ɢޣҵĸ֣ĵᣬЩѾõɹ
һöɹĺζƯ
ͻȻ䣬һֳֻ֣Ҫץסɹ


ֻûһ˿ֵֻ˱˸ϡá
Сģɹ
һѵֻöɹ֪ǹ¼ٽ¡
ܶ˶һĻֽɹõȴľֹ
ҵòҲõΧһЩ֣˫Ŀкӿרɹ
ž
쳹ɽе˶ֹͣ˴򶷣ûзһ˿öɹ˱ϣΪһҺ塣
ˡһöɹô˷ˡʧ
ĸĻġ
ףô£ɹΪҺôʧˣɻ˵
ǡ
ϸ΢
ʲôôôϤҶСͻȻԺǲǲǰЩѳѷʱ
ͻȻ䣬ҶС뵽һܣαˣϽɽԵɱȥͬʱһСģʯҪָԭˡ
ҶСЩһҲҶСɽԵɱȥ
У˭أ뽫ոңֱ˵ƻһ겻м˵
ǡϸ΢
ʲôʲô飿ɻʵ
áѳѷ죬Ͻˡиֿŵµıѷ죬ϽȵͬʱɽԵķɱȥôȫ
ãɫʯѳѷ죬˻棬Сġɽһߵ˵
һַҽȼܣ޷赲
ӡӡ
ɽУַɽԵɱȥǽȫ˳ΨԼһɱȼճɻҽ
ǡءܼ漴ȫѣ¶ɫĺˮһߵĳɫʯҲڻ˿Ϊȵҽ
ҽϴ̼˵
ڣ˶һӷɱɽԵʮıγɣȻѣ׷¡
һε¹һʧ˽ʮ֡
ܶµĿɫĺˮɫҽ֪ʲôˮȻô䡣ҶСüë
ֵܣл㣬Ҫ㾡ѣҶɱˣˣϲõһöɹʱһ˵


1393 
ֵĻҶСɫһ䣬˫Ŀбų⣬˵
ϣԷڵ֮תΪڶ⡣
ֶۡʱһѪǿ־ͺȻ⵽ʲô
ҶСѾֲɱ⣬ûͣ˲ƶǰƴ
ּæǰóĻϽ˵Բ𣬸ղš
Ļո˵һ룬ҶС˫ƴĹѾ͸Ļ壬˫ĿɲǼʧȥɣϢʧһľż
һжڵʯ䣬˷Ӧʱ򣬶ԷѾˡ
ֹ⽫ҶСӵɹ˵ȥڶֱҶСóûˮ㣬˵лõĿˣҶС統ȻܹŹ
ʱҶСоֶܶĿͶ˹˫Ŀ¶̰ռС
ߡҶСһ֮˫Ŀһɨռû˸Һӡ
ǿʵΧڶǿѾע⣬Թۣ˵
ʵôֵΧֵطе㵣ģϾӣжܵƣܴԽռ䣬ϢԾͽ˺ܶ࣬ããԭ϶ᵨӣҪսս򲻹ܣҪܻûܹס
ʱ¼ҡϹȻ˶ҶС磬佫ҶСΧһΡ
λѣЩܹӵеģҪΪһ֮ԼȻԵ˵֮ǵõҲҪȥܡʱ¼һֿҶС絭˵
Ǻǣõɹ𣿻˵ôȻһΪӣҪ٣໹Ϊһڶǿɱɱɹĸֶȥնɱ岻֪ΪĹףЩڣ֮ղԶˡҶСɨһˣ鲢ï䷢ġ
ҶСĻܶ˶ĵͷ
¼ɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽ҶС˵ߣ֮ԭ棬лĶһһǿߣȥˣǲϸģֻҪб£ô˵ĹлΪûбµĻͽɹǳ¼һῴڴеǰķϣһ
ҽɹϹ壬ѵǳ¼һᱣһ𣿡ҶС糰Ŀһ۳¼˵
¼˵Ӷ˳飬ÿǺ˵㽫ɹϹ壬ǳ¼һ㣬Ǵв
λѣ㽫ɹϹ壬Ϲ岻ᱣһһΪǼ̫ϳϣϹ̫ϳϵȨϹĸָϽ˵ͦġ
ҶСôһλֵļ룬Ϲ϶ӣһӵɹǴ׬
ڳˣһǻ˼ǻǧˡϳɾﻹܹϹ׬ˡ
ʱЩ壬˷׷Ч£˸ָźеĻܹӵ˽µȵȡ
ҶСʼһƽĿǣ·̨֮˿̨˵ľʱݡ
ͻȻ䣬žǶҶС磬ȴҶСľ
УҶСѾ·ˣȻڶѡһ
ڰˣһΪǻһֱȥϧˡҶСų֮ɫĿ˵
ʲô˼¼ĶҶС˵¶һ˿
ʲô˼ҵ˼ܼ򵥣Ļʵ̫ˣĸܹԶıͣҾͻὫɹ͸ĸҶСϷʵĿų¼˵
ҶСĻո£кܶ˽ĿͶ˳¼֣Щ˼ҶСĻŻ㲻㡣
ߣնɱ㣬ܹͬõɹնɱңͻǳ¼ң˵λֻѡһ¼־쵽һΣУϽ˵
ɱңľܹõɹ𣿸ղŲǻһöɹ˵𣿡ҶС¶޺΢Ц¶
вǳв˵ɫ˱䣬öɹҲܹٳ⣬ҪȻǵϣͶûˡ
˵滰𣿡Ϲһѯʵ
ȻʵˡҶСԼʵָͳϹϵ
ϹӣѵϹǳ¼ҿսɣ¼˫Ŀкųʵ
ߣ̫Լˣѵǳ¼һΪ㣬Ϲ忪սϹӵ˵
ҶСµĿһĻ뿪˱ԭϺٺʹʹսһıעˣҪһֽԼαװȫ˺ƣǲж񣬿жª


1394 Ϸˣ
ɸҶ췢ģҶ췢ģԿնϹһĨɫĻ˵
ʱе˶ҶС磬ֻҪҶСһԣϹҪԳ¼ҳ֣Ͼɹʵ̫ˣֻ㣬ˬгͨúΪ϶Ǳģʲôô˭Ҳ˵׼
ң¼һһ˫Ŀһâų·ǵһҶСݺݵĴ˹
вңʲôҵģҶС˵ɱ㲻Ǿ֮ѡ
㡭ҶСӣ¼˫Ŀܹ˻޲ֱȥҶСնɱǣһ֣ͻֹ
㿼ǵôϹ˵ֻնɱ¼һ˶ѣһʻܹġ
ҴģղŲ˵ѣҾ뿴Щ塢α˺ֻʣһѬġֶεĳªǰǣҶСǱ֮ɫмƳһеˡ
仰һ¼һɫѿޱȣϹˡ
˵˰죬ԭԷǽǵһˣ˭ܹ
ͳĺϹֺзһҪֵӡ
˵ʵɣҸûҪɹҲûٵ׼ԼţҪᣬܸҶС絭˵һɽµķжȥ
סܹˡɽԵ֪˭һ䣬ʱ䣬ҶСɽķϾͳӰƱŷƣѾ˳ֵ׼
ȻǿסҶС磬һʱ仹ܹġ
ÿҶСһĿУų·ǻ֮⣬̵۾ۡ
ȫûжܵ˼ҶС˵Ȼˣȥɣ
ϣҶСâ֮ų˷·һи˿ռ䣬ٶȼ죬ɲǼ͵˵ǰû˿ͣ˵崩ж
ûоǴж·ûܵһ˿ǰнʮ׺ҶСȫâ֮ٶȻָɫе΢΢ķס
ֹĻҶС̾һȻС£Ƕƽȵıأһһıɽˡ
ô£ղŷʲô
ղźԼһڱʲôսֲ
ȥˡ
ַɱǰʱ˵мһߣ·˷ֳһ㡣
ء
ʱ䣬ֱӱըˣѪ׷ɣâ֮Χܶһ飬ˣѪҺһ
׷ܹˡ
ȻǣһҪʬΡ
ڶɫޱȣǶҶСΪ˴ˣһҪҶСܾ衣
ҶСٶȺܿ죬һѾʼɽˣ˿бı£ԺͻȻһ뷨
Щѩ˶ԱǲǿԷյɽأ
˵ɾ͸ɣӽӿΪε̤壬ǿȻҲǿ£̤壬ٶ˽һ࣬һʱ䣬ԶԶЩ˺档
ʹ죬б׷ҶСؼ
ҶСٶȣڶĿɿڴһʱ䶼ûзӦ
ǰɣǸһʲôҩٶôͻȻô죿
пһ͸֧ԵԲܹˡ
ЩһڼͲעķչǸûмһѽڡûĻϼһﾹȻѩ͸֧Цɱ
ɽȻΧŴޣЩ޻Ķɽ֡
ҶСٶٶȺܿ죬Щƴ·ȫ˹׼ҶСɽϵʱǸͲ
ûö೤ʱ䣬ҶС罫ɽˣǿĹԼٶȣſµľ³ȥ
ոɽȻһᣬ泩֮˺ܶ࣬ҶСһϲҪ֪־ɱ伫ΪѣÿһҪʱ䣬ȻֻһΡĸɽȻһ˿˿ɱ䡣
ǿʧٶȻ
ʱֲ·ҪûֱƬ
ϣؼҷӿ·Ҫ۳һɣ˺ѿռ䡢
ֹҶС赲סһתϽ㣬ԾٶŲɱͬʱĻӰ
Щ޾ۼĿʮҶСٶȣ̫죬¾Ҫײˡ
ٶȣҪ޵ذΧдҪʮʱ䡣


1395 ޺Χ
ɽߴΡ룬һɺƴϢɢԶԶȥͷ·һǿؼ䡣
ɽ£޽ΡĸɽΧס·ֹɽˡ
غ𡭡أǿ˵Ķڶһۣ˾֮ϵ
·Ƿ˾ޱ䡣
ҶСӰ޵ĹУһһǰУЩ޸Ͳ׷ϣһķΧڡ
ʮľҶС㱼һӣʮΣÿһζԼҲܵһ˺
޵İΧȦʱҶСоƣܵˣģΪһɱЩ޲£漸ռЩһ㣬ֻҪһŵϢͻ㡣
Ŀռֻܼܹͣķ·ǰС
ûޣԭһޱȣããһƬ·ǵ˱ѩĹȡ
ͷ˿ڶֻ޵ΧУˣˣͻƵ۷ǺÿߣҸطָһơ
ҶСٶת˼£ޱȣããԭֻһӰӡ
ǡͻȻ䣬ԭ·Ƿ˴һ㣬ɽҡضԭѳ˺ܶѷ죬ܲ·һž޴̣ĳ·
һӱԭЩѷͳһ˸ߵľ룬ҶСվտһĻ
ûö೤ʱ䣬»ָԭӣֹܹĴɢ
ʱǱԭ˱仯ɫɽǱߣɫʯͻȻð˳ͱͨĹЧ
ˡʱ𶯣ЩҲ赲סЩڵǻ
֪ɽЩ޷ˡ
ҶСɽķ˿ȻѰһ΢Ŀռ䣬˫лһģȻգɲǼ䣬ӰʧˣϢҲʧ
˼򵥵󷨣Լ
ҶСУָԼƣ֮Ƶγ籩ҶСС
ʮӵʱããԭ׵ļžЩ޶ܵ˸ط
ҶСǧĵطʮһǰжȥΪ׵һİС꣬ŽƻĹâ
׷꣬ǻҪ೤ʱܹ׷ʱһͻȻѯʵ
ǸСһֱȫнĻǾҪ׷ܾˣϾǰ·߱еġ׷ܲȷ˵
˵׷꣬治˼ͣرУѵҪôһֱȥɣһ˵
Ӧòᣬô޵İΧȦг϶ˣ˵ʱĳطָǵٶȿһЩޣ˱ܣǼҪ׷һ˿˷ܵĹâ˵
׷׷ֻҪˣû׷ϵģԶصķʽ׷֮˵ĳּǺţּǺ׷١
ĳһ룬׷һˣ˶أʱ仹ǱѰҵˣ·磬ȻⶼǺ֮ǰˡ
һطҶСûжãȫָˣľȫﵽ۷״̬
ҪһһȥѰǧ͵Ϯ֮Ҫʱ֪ԼѾ˶ˡ
һʥҫɽ֮ϣɫĴҲɽУһɫɳ۵ȶ𣬷·ꡣ
۳ӿϢɽϹâҫ·ǹԴͷ̫
ۡͻȻ䣬һѪѪҺмŽɫľһήҡ
ô£ѵյĴԶ޷ֲ𣿻Ƭشĳƣ˫ǻۡʰɻĹâ
̫֮ѵдΪλͻȻ󣿡
˳˼֮Уǰʱ̫֮ÿһα嶼ᱻ̫֮ƻˡ
Ϊѹſʥ̣֮⡣
֪ܹ⣬ǻʮǧҲܹﵽǸͳľ硣
˼˺ܾãһ˫бųʥ⣬漴ʧ
ããԭҶСѾնɱ˶ʮֻˣ似ԽеÿһͲ˼һޣ֪ɱǿ
ѾõɹûϷã˭֪ɹ̺жôֲǻ᲻ỹʲôЧ׼һŪ˵
ţոնɱһֻޣҶС˫Ŀ䣬ͻȻų⣬漴Ϲҳһ˿Ц
ôãûҵǵԶš


1396 ȥ
ҶСղ֮һٶ⣬յǰУ޾ͺնɱ˿ԭйһ㡣
ԭôʲôʱܹأɫ۵˵
Ҫˡһ׷ԲԵ˵
ҪûпɣдָɫɻʵһĨ⡣
ƭʲôҲһ˿ɱ⣬ҵȻҪʱʱ̶̿û뵽ôãдָõһöɹûдָĻɹղɽԵŵʱǿɿϴɹǧ˵ǧˡ
˶ҡҡͷ
ϣҪɹȥҪȻ̫ϧˡɫ֮˵
붼ᣬ⾿ʲôɹɹʲôãǸͲ֪һǽˣ˭õɹá˵
ţеıľ
ߣʹˣѪҺ壬ŽˣҲͷɹûʲô𡣡ǧ¶һ˿ѪĹâ˵
𣿡ʱͻأһصƬأ󣬵֮ףȫһ
˶ûзֶԷĴڣ˵ԷϢˮƽߣΪҲޱȡ
˭װŪɣǧ˵˶ϵĴܡ
ʱͻȻ䣬âõķûգռ΢΢һôʲô仯һ̣һӰվ˸ʵıϡ
Ȼ㣿ǧĶҶС˵
ûңҪǸղǻһ治֪У˲̵ˣЩ඼硣ҶС˵˵һʼֻΪ˽ѵһǣôڳ׵ıǧղŵһ仰ŭˣĸѾȫҶС̡
Ҳأû뵽㾹ȻԶţú󣬴ָɹˡǧЦһһ˫۾ضҶСָϵĴָ
ߣĸѣжΪҶС粻м˵˵ʥ޵еĴڣͲǡ
ҶСĻɫһ䣬ÿжŷâ
ɱǧһն𣬴һץۣ۳һ飬ƶҶСȥǺƺռҶ
ҲˣǷ׷ԾգҶС繥
׷ԲԵġѾҪײĵߣ˫һӿһɽ۶գݺݵҶСѹȥˣռ֮
ɫ۵ӵĹܼ򵥣һȭؼȫȭͷӰÿһֻȭƿռ䣬һͨҶСµľγ쫷硣
ɫӣΪţУһֽȻֽ򿪣һȣɫķ۶ɣиռ䣬·ҪҶСֳ顣
˵Ĺǿޱȣ໥֮䲻Ӱ췴ศɣ֮ԭȸ߳һЩ
ǧ¶һ˿Ц룺Ϊ˵ãҾͲܹӲ£˵Ĺ
˵ĹҶСɫ䣬·ЩͲۡ
һöѣ̫СˡҶСƳһǧӿĹм˵зâų˿ռ䣬ĳһ˿عǧ۵ıʱڡ
ƶѡ
ҶСͷһ漴ջĿ⣬ͬһεķâ֮۳ĸɽʱ
̫ˣûһʵС
ߣ̫װˡ
ҶС˵ľ仰ÿһ仰һεķâ֮ԷĹȫΡ
ʲôô᣿ôӣҶСƵĻ˻֣ĵֲĹȫɢ𾪣Ѿ˼ˡ
ʲôֶΣȻ˹
㡭ǧָҶСʱ˵˻Ϊ˳֣ҶС϶ֵû뵽ԷȻôֲ
ûжóȫǾӿȫҲ˶ˡ
ʲô㣬̫ʧˣǾʵҶС¶һ˿ʧͲм˵
Ѿģ˵װװ
㾿ʲôˣ׷ԲԵ߶ҶС˵
ˣôˣ̰ôǿңһ˳ˮԸûУǰ׻һӡҶСƳһ˵
ҶСĻɫǺޱȣɱ⣬ҶСһ¡
㡭Ҫ˭ҲȲ㡣Цһ˵ȫû˸ղŵĴȰºͣĿ
ô𣿽Ҿû׼κ˾ȣǣû˾ȵû¾ҪããԭˡҶС̾һһ֮ɫĿˡ
ߣ˵⻰Ҳδ̫һЩɣǧ˵֪ҶСʵǿ󣬵ȴһ㶼ϡ


1397 
ǲǽͿ֪ˡҶС˫Ŀһɨ˵
ͻȻ䣬һ䣬ɢһɹĲûκεΧĿռȴͬһɢȦȦ
ͻȻһɷ꣬յļȫ˳һĵֲǳ鶼صԴС
ʱƬնΪ֮һĪı䰵߷·䣬ҫط
ࡣʱҶСĸ֣ĸʱռΪ֮һ˫глһµĹ켣
ĻһȦȦΪɢһɳصϢؼ䣬Сˮգ£Ⲣˮγɵģɶص۶ɵġ
ǧһһɿµƴӿķƶ
ǧĺ·飬ÿ˵ꡣ
˲˹Ҳ˹ǶܵǧӰ˹
¶һĨãҶСʱĿйâųʱ˻ʵǵжһ˿ļɵ
ʱеСˮǵϣֱ͸˽ȥ
˵嶼ڲήҲ
Ĺ̫ˣСġʹ˵ͬʱֳ׼ֵЩµҺ顣
ߵӣǧҲ׷׳֣ЩµҺ飬ͲֵӰ졣
ǵ岻ϵĲ·һĥǵֽ꣬ǵ塣
ҲţֵסĹƴȫ˫ƲĳЩµҺ飬΢΢ĸı˷
¶һ˿ϲ⣬֪ǶԸֹİ취ºƷƿЩҺ飬ֻҪЩҺڽǵܹƿֹˡ
˷׷ܴҵƷ磬ͼıЩҺĹ켣ȻһҺı˹켣ǻһûиı䣬ڽǵС
ŭ졣ʱҶСٴĸ֣ϵϢΪأ˫ּĶҲѸٶء
ռ䵴ϢӿͻȻ䣬ƬռгСڵ㣬ЩСڵĳ
ɱֻдǲܹƳĹɫ۵һʹĺߺһ˵
ɫȻһɭɭͬǼ⵶һ룬ҶС翴ȥ
ҶС·ûǵĻҲûпǵȻϵĻ˫֡
ΰ׷ԲԵߺȵɫâųڿնؼ£۳һ޴ɽ壬һ޴ɽһȭȻҶСȥ
硣ɫ۵ӣȻӶ켣Ȼ׼ҶС磬ɲǼγɣЩ۵˼ķУڻ裬ֹ켣·Ƿĺۼɢܹиһеķ֮
ɫ۵ֱӾһȭ
¡¡һ¡¡֮𣬷·Ǵ˿ռ䣬ȭͷǰĿռΧĿռԲͬ·Ƿָ֣ϵ
ơǧĿһĳƺƴƬռھҵĻζ·Ҫһ㡣
ʱҶС˫Ŀзâ֮ų˫ƣĹ켣Ѿˡ
мĿһˣĵεķâ֮ͬʱնع˵ĹɲǼɢһ룬ǳ𣬱ڻһʣĹѾҶС첻вˡ
һʩչĵֲķâ֮ҶСҲеԲɫ԰һ˿
ٴδסˣû뵽λˣ⾿ʲôǵĹȻ̼仯Ρ
ʱƬռУЩΪƹСĺɫγ˻״һһģĻ档
ݡЩɫĻ棬ȫӿ˵С
ĸ˵Ҳ˫Ŀ¶ǿҺͷŭĿ⣬ͨޱȣŤһţҪж
ǧ̲ס˻һʹ飬ޱߵĺ⣬ޱߵķŭ
޺ŭĹϵ˺ޣŻŭ޵ԽŭԽҲԽʹࡣ
ɫڷȼգƻĸ١֯͹ǵľҲ˿
;˫ʹǲס˻˫ֲסǵץһ䣬ϵ·ȫѣһץ۷·һǵš
վڱϵҶС羪ȵĿһĻҲû뵽޺ŭĴʱôˡ
ˣ˵֮䶼кϵģ֮ҲһˣЩȫĻֻ࣬ҶС˫ĿеĹâԽԽ
һεĳУЩܵһĳ˳Щȫʩչһµ


1398 
㲻ôҡͻȻ䣬ǧ˵ϷţŤһţϵʹǾϵĥϵ˺ѡ
ûдûдɫ۵ɫе᲻ͣɢһֻֿţŭͺ⡣
ɱɱɱǶɫ۵ӻӶȭͷΧҺ󣬾Ѿˣǹǿķŭͺ֮£ûмٶ٣ֲȭΧĿռҵĶһͨ
ɵĥǧȻף׺ɣ䣬㲻ġһģҲܹߡ׷ԲԵ߲ƵʪᣬĺޡŭԴԼ
վڱϵҶСĬȻĿһУã΢΢һ̾ÿһ˶һʹ¡
ȫָ˹һãȻ֮ɫϵϢС࣬廹ǾѾܵ˾޴Ĵˡ
Ƕûһ˵ҲûһȥҶС磬·ŸղŻġʹͷŭ
ȿȡǧǶȻޱȵգһ£ȳһѪҲˣʹ
ҶСƮȻ£վǰ
˶ĿͶҶС磬¶ӵĹâܸӣǶ֮ںһ
û뵽һЩ飬Щ£ĵף⣬һ컹ǻģЩ鲻˵ܹǵġ׷ԲԵ߸̾һ˿İ׷ǿɬ·ҶСûаĺ͵ӣмֽѡ
ȻɱҴǵʲôʱ㣬ΪһҾ¶ɱֻʸ׶ѣգҾԲʵģǧҶС˵Ѿȫû˲ǰļթ̣һֶƸС
ҶСòһָ˵ǧսǵӡ
ԭ㡭ֲãΪȻôࡣǧɬһЦ˵
˭ɫΪɳƵ˵
ϴңұòޱȵˡǧһҶС˵һòҲӦòʵòɣ
ҶС絭˵ͷ·ɣ
˵꣬еķâ֮ԾԾԣ׼ųնɱˡ
ȵȡɫ۵ͻȻ˵
ʲô£ҶС罣üһʵ
ɫ֮˸ӵĿҶСһۣлʩչ似Щļ䣬Щӱûõģʹʹȥԣܻ֪Ѿ˶ˣŵһ׷еζϿ϶մǧ׷ɢ㲻ȥĻ׷һ׷㡣
ŶлҶС˵һ䣬ĵâ֮ŷᴩǵüģԲ񾭵ȵȫһٴݻ١
Ȼ˾һϵеı仯ƺı˲٣ҶС粢ܹΪ˾ͷŹǡ
׷ꣿѵ𣿺;˶ңԭˡҶС˫Ŀбų⣬ϣǸܹ׷Ѱ
ҶС˫ĿйâǵɨһͻȻ䷢֣ǧЩ΢ģһ죬һдзɳҶСơ
һ𣬿ȥֻһöϻ£˱ϡ
öҶС˫Ŀһһ죬ͳҶСһֻ֡
֯İѵǹ֯ˣҶСü漴˵ѰһǵҲа񣬲ʣ˶ǣ˰⣬ҶС绹һöƣд֣ˣ֣ҶСͲ֪⡣
ˣѵ˾ǹ֯𣿡룬ûͨȻ󽫰ƾͷŽ˴ָС
ָһĵǱųĸɲǼȼյ˻ҽ
ողŲһҪƺܶ˵ˣתۼ䣬ʧ硣
߾ӣԶֻҪһǧ˭ܹסеĺۼͻᱻĨɱ
ҶС΢΢һ̾Ҳһ˿ĶƸУĺһ£˿еİУȻ򿪣ʱ䣬һҷܰ㴫ֻһöɢɹεɹڰڡ
ԭһöɹתֱã˰ҶС˵һ䣬Ȼɹ˴ָС
Ӱգת鿴еÿһ֡
֮Ҳƣղɫ֮˵մȾǧ׷ɢôϿ϶ʲôԾĵط
ҶСһһϸ鿴ȥûʮʱ䣬ʱƵһƬϸзһɶصһɫȴΪɫ
ѵνǧ׷ɢո׼ȥͻȻʲô㣬ǹϸâ֮ųɹ׸ҵʱѾƺˣߣȻѾңôҲòˡ


1399 ȴ
뿪һƬҶСѰҵһƬ˵ȽϿĵطȻͣ鿴һ£Բʮֻޣһֻʮľ롣
һƬռѾԲһˡҶС˫Ŀһɨ˵
漴ڿն˫ֲͣлһķģЩȫûգӦ˷
ɽϵʱѾչʾһЩԼʵǸҪжȡɹ϶ټ֣ܶ׼һ󷨣ЩעȫնɱǸˡ
Ƭռʵ̫ˣܹƻ㣬ҪȻԿ̻·󷨣Ӳó޴󣬷Ĳõ󷨣֧ŵʱ̣Ҳһ㣬ôǲõʱΡ
󷨵˺ܶ࣬ҪԸʮֻû⣬ٶĻЩľͻΪܲסѹըˡ
˰Сʱʱ䣬ҶСһһ͸ǲˡ
ʱҲ˴Ӥһ
ڴܹ㵽ҶС˵һ䣬¶һ˿Ц⣬ɱ¾Ѫȡ
ҶСڱϣʼָĵȡָ۷״̬
Ҳ֪˶ãҶСͻȻ˫Ŀâųˡ
һٶĵطʮһҶС׷ЩѾ¶˲ͷ֮ɫѾ˺ܳʱˣû׷ѰΪɹǶǿš
׷꣬ѵǾȥɣѾôʱˣûмӰ᲻Ѿ㣬ǶȦӣȻѾɽ뿪һ˵
õɹûģôõ飬뿪ʮڣһԽҳ׷ž˵
ҲûģⲻΪûɹż˵
ףǰǧ׷ɢζŨѾԶˣСĵ㡣ͻȻ䣬׷˵¶һɿȵĹâ
õɹ֪Լͱסɹֽţ˭õɹлᣬһƻҪչˡ
׷ĻֶȫϢһԲ׷ǰȥǵж¶˷֮ɫ
ڣ˾ҶСһĵطԼԼŵһӰʱеĹâˡ
׷꣬ǲǸˣһѯʵ
ҲǵܹܵŨǧ׷ɢ׷һ˫թ¶һĨ
ಡһľЩʥǿ˵˲ѣɲǼҶСǰҶСΧס
ҶС˫Ŀս£վڱϣĿһɨ˵ȡɹ
˾Ǻãò˷ѿܹ࣬ʹĽɹгǿһϾǶǻˡ׷꿴ҶСĹâһ˿ɻ
ǺǣҴİˣõɹϧѾˣɹѾ˶ˡҶСװһ̾˵
׷꣬Ͽյģûʲôɹǲˣǣһֶ׷˵
ûˣǣɹ϶ҿ붼ǲıɹ𣿡׷¶ƻĹâʱʱĿͶҶСָϵĽָ
ԣѾ֪ǾǴָΪܹ˽̣ûš
ɹ˵ҪȻǲһֶҶС˵
ôˣɹǻɱңɹҲɱң粻˵ǲǣҶС絭һЦ˵
ϣնɱСӣһ񹦣ܹȡļ䣬ʱ򣬿϶ܹ֪ɹĵط׷һѾˣɹٷ֮ٶҶС˴ָУƻԾٶնɱҶС磬һܹûõöָˡ
׷꣬Ҫ˵ɹƺܰɣһŻὫɹ˭šʱһָ˵
ûʹҵʵٲҶὫɹЯûɹǾ˵ףдֲָˡ
ԭ㽫ɹ˴ָСһ˴Цһ˵ĵ⡣
ⷬ׷ɫÿѾǸļһ˸ʮ
д˴ڣһΪоֻ׷ǿɫе㲻Ծˣλֵܣ֪дָˣҪ˵ⲻ׷Զ𣿡ҶСϹŵ΢Ц˵
ҶСĻЩּʹٱ֪ҶС绰е˼ˣʱһ׷۹ⲻ


1400 󷨺ɱ
׷ôһˣѵ벻ɹ϶ǱղţϸͽթѵԷӵдָ
Ȼܹ֮в˵һ˵ԭеһ
ĵ䡣׷Ͻ˵
еǰܹźοǡҶС
ҶСĻЩֵɫǲÿһ׷꣬ϣ׷һ͡
׷꣬㻹湻ƻģǲ㱻ƭˡһɫʮֲƵ˵
㣬û뵽Ƶôһ˵
ĸһʮֲƵĿԼ׷һҧʹ˵ҳϸյҴΪҲǺȷвûֵ˵ҲµʱһûɹᱻֵԹ£ҶǱʾǸ⣬еǰȽ˵λΣ
׷꣬һԼĴСǰ󻯡
ߡЩһһ仰˵
һΪܹأû뵽ôͽˣһʵĴϷҪĻˡҶС翴ڶ˵һ
²˳٣Ƕְɣȥ֪ᷢʲô޻׷˵һ˫Ŀâ֮ųѾעˣһ֣벻ܹҶС翪ڣһڣ˭֪ʲô仯
ղҶСȼ仰ЩѾΣ˵Щ˻Լ֡
׷궢ҶСҧгݵĴһȻһȥ˫ɲǼɿƲ𣬲ȴ̺˿ֲĽɵһ㡣
һץռҲ·ҪҶСץ顣
׷ѾĹˣһȥȫҲ׷׳֣ҶС繥
ۣ۳˿µƥռ·ǷŤ
ҶС羲ȻվûжӣЩҪﵽǰʱҶС˫һһâա
̼䣬Ƭط˾޴ĸı䣬·ѾʮڵĿռ䣬ЩֲĹȻʧ
˵췭ظҲΪ
ô£ʲôط
ǵɻ˵Ǹоתһռ䡣
ģǱˣһ󷨡׷мֺڡ
ôܣѵǵǹǵģһ˵
ô죿Ƕһϲͨ
Ҳ󷨲ͨ
׷꣬࣬Ǹô죿
ʱϻۣһƬռѾһķŲùâķʣ໥֮һķʽ
ѾҪ۳СҺΣ󷨵۹ˣʱɱ
ҶСȻվڸղŵλã˫Ŀž⣬·ܹ͸һС
ǻмּʶҲõ󷨣ҵУԶҲȥҶСһƬڻص
ɱˣ׼ҶС絭˵Щģ˲µ󷨡
ⷽռУƵ۳һ׵磬ÿһ׵綼г˵ĸ첲ϸֱֱ£Ƭط·Ϊãã׺
УЩһ赲׵Ľ䣬ֲײڣЩִĹӿȣȻաתתΪĹ
еĹǰ׷
ͻȻ䣬һҽһֱ׵Уȫڣ鴤ֹ·Ƿһ㡣
׷꣬취Щ׵̫£ȥһǶ֧Ųסˡ
ޣʲôޣȻôޡ
ףôһƬ׷
ҶСվһϣУҹˣʱ󷨵ĻþҲˣѾ˽ȥ
ҶС粢ûвȫûиѾ˻þÿĻͬǣǱ˴˼䶼ܹ˵
ңСģǻþ׷һ˵аǵ˰˱ӴùΪԼôǰɹǱģ֪ԷȻһλ󷨴ʦ
׷꣬Ͻģôƽ⣿ʵ
Ƕ󷨵ˣȻ߳󷨣ֻƻ󣬲ʲô󷨣һعãԵ϶ܹơ׷еƣ˵
Ȼ֪һЩ󷨵֪Ƕȴ
û뵽󷨵⻹̵ͦģҶС
ʱ׵Ѿʧˣȡ֮ǻ棬һشػ棬ʻһţз裬ֲ¶ΧĿռŤ
Уʹơ˺еǲͣضŻþĿռ乥ȴûʲôӦ
ƣȥŹɣ׷û˵ǱЩ˻ڷ֮ᷳС


1401 ս
ããԭѪĿʼܶط˾ҵս
ԭһ뵣۳ռΧĹâãһ໥Ӧܵϵһ𣬰޾
ĵãۼתΪʽĹر̺İܼУиռ䣬һǿ󹥻Եľȡܻ桢
׷Щڲϵصֿţ󷨵ĹƣѾˣʣˡ
˾ѾˣȻҧţ֪һܹһЩѾʧȥ˻ȥģΪ󷨵Ĺʵ̫ܼˣڻڻþܶܿǣϣã
λѣŹǰɣǶǱ׷ƭˡͻȻ䣬һֺе
ҶСûпĬ
һиҶСŹǣ׷꣬ҲӲһԣȫĶԿŹҲܹӳȥİ취
ȻѾѡǰնɱңͲҪٷˣܶʱһܹӰһߣ־ᶨ˾ͲҪȥıˡҶСƽ˵
ҶСĻˣûϣ
׷꣬Ⱳڵľ㣬ûд̽ǰͻȻ䣬һŨŨĻͺ⡣
һ˿ͷҲ׷ɫϱãÿһ仰شһС
ұ죬ǵ̰֣ܹǰһαˡ׷һȻƿڴб㳷󷨣Ǹˣƽһս
вˣΪҪ㹫ƽһսйƽҲõ󷨶ƲˣʸһսҶС˵г˲м
⻰һеĸֶ֨ˣȫȫӦ󷨵Ĺ
ԼӵʱеˣϢ٣Ϣ˺ܶ࣬׷Ҳһ԰ޱȵƣޱȣ˺ۡ
ʱŵֻʣˣѾ⣬ô˶ûƿ֣ǵʵڳѾκϣˡ
һҶСһΧеЩȫ˿뵵ɢȥֻʣ˫Ŀˡ
·ղЩ˶ܹµҪǵ顣ҶС翴˵һ䣬â֮ųʱնǵԴⷢЩʬȫճ˻ҽ
ӣǿʳݲðʴ֮ģһֻһ֣
Ϊ˸õػţҪȥЩԼõĶ徲ΪϺкġ
ܵ׵Ӱ죬кöٵУɧǵġ
٣ΨսɱѪҺΪ׹ΪۣɹһҾ֣ӭĵ
ڱԭϴʱѾˣҶСչŻɽǱߵķɱȥ
ʮڣµʱˣҶС粢û߳ȥоԼѾҪ۷ˣ׼ĥһʱ䣬ս
ĽѩѾʮ˳صһȴҶСĹҶСþδ飬ȥзѾȥʮͬʱ˻ع飬
ԭĶ棬ɽһһĳɫʯɫĵʱʱлɫҽʶЩɽҲǲʱ緢
һֻֻɫëڻɫҽУ·ڼȡҽڵ
ûöãҶСһ·ϣһ޾ͳ֣Ӳãϵɷޱȣֱһɱ
ߣЩ֪ҪȻᶯ֣ô˵潫Ҫٵĵˡ
ɽһƬãã棬ҲģЩ޻𣬻̺мȡ
ҶСһȥ;һս޶Ѿ첻κвˣҶСȻû뿪ڶʮ죬֪Լʵȥڶʮ죬
ʵܹһͻɱЩޣͲȥ
ʥغʥֻ֮һǷǳģ˵ʥصˣһƾܹһƬʥصǿߣôľ޴
ÿһ㶼ž޴Ĳࡣ
ʱҴˮתۼ䣬һµʱȥˣҶСڻɽһƬѾһµʱ䡣
һʱ֪Լնɱ˶ޣѾ˵۷壬߲Ҳֻһ˿˿ѣϵɷɢܶΪԵһһҶСǰͻܡ
ʥسڣһ֮¾ܹնɱЩ޶Ѿˣʥ۷еĻ΢ֿһ£ȻܣЩҶСսףʱ䣬ʡһʬ塣
ôˣҲǻȥʱˣսΪѾûãͲܹ͵߲֮ǵֻܳȥȥˡһɽ֮ϣҶС˫ĿͶɽķ򣬵
һ˾ʧˣɽķɱ


1402 ˻ع
ʮڳֺѾ߸£߸ʵءأǰʥһ֣ʥкܶˡ
صĸı䣬ѾˣͨƾЩͨĹӿֳڶ֣߸µʱ䣬һЩʼѵˣ׷׶̤죬ǰĻҲʱ䡣
ƾԴϵȵĹһһĸ֣ǻʾѵи֡
Ȼĵ˺֣ܶܶѧԺе׷ӿֻ֣Ҫ׷ױŵ죬ܸһѵ
ͨ˵Ϊϴﵽ˺ؾ磬˶˸֣Ҳҳһš
˵䷸仰Ȼ٣ǿʵ޾̰Ҳ
ʮ߳ҶС緢ʹȻػһߵʹǰ
١ҶС磬ʹ߸ϽվϾǹ˷ܡ
Ѿ۵Ĺˣսһ°ɣսԼʵԺɳػҶС˫ĿйâʹӨãûһ˿ʣ൱һͻƣʹһͻƺü
лл١
Ŭò˶ǾͿͻˡҶСһʹߵļ
١ҶС׼뿪ʱʹ߽ҶСһ
ʲô飿ҶСĿƽʵ
٣˻عˣѧԱڵŵţǳ䵱̹٣ѵЩѧʹ߿ҶС˵
ҶС΢΢һʱˮѾʱûмˣǵõǾԼʵ̫ˣ뿪ȥУôʱûмҲ֪ǵʵʲô硣
ȥһɣҶС˵һ䡣Ȼ˾ʧˡ
˵۷壬Χٴ󣬲Ѿӽľˣ֮һܹ
֮˲
ʱ䣬ҶС͵ǾȺϿգ˫Ŀų·ܹ㴩һ¡
۷壿ǲ򵥣Ҳ֪˳˶ٿࡣҶС漴˾ʧա
ŵϣ֡Ѫʬһ֮ɫÿ϶ɢſֲϢʱûм˱˺ܶ࣬ϵı仯ġ
վһյϣѧԱ໥д裬ޱ飬ϵɷ
ͻȻ䣬һӰϢ䣬ǰ
һӾĿź⣬ǿҶСʱ¶˼пġ
١˽һ΢΢жһ˿ʪ
ôʱڳɽ룬ÿ켸ΣжȹǣΪΪǲԹ޻ڣÿһμֲסʱǶҶС磬һ뵽ҶСΪǶʱһĥѣڽ۷塣
Ϊﵽһ󾳽۷壬ΪԼ׷ҶСʸǻˡ
ˡҶС翴˵˫Ŀйâɣҿɹȫ֡
ǣ٣ˡͬ˵ȻҶС˹
ȳֵǵ֣геıȻԭСɵĵƬŲΪһ֪ʵս鼫Ϊḻ
еĵƬһһƬɫâųΧĿռֹʮɵĹâն
ƾһԾͻȻʧֵʱ˾ҶС׵ľ룬˽һҶС·ǽɫâŵռ죬ǹ֮Χڶľ
ѪǺɫ޳ָףƬƬĵһ㣬ӻ֣ʮâŷڿռ䣬ҶСâ̺ſֲһǿ߶ԾӲסһ
ʬĹܼ򵥣ɫâӿ·Ϊ˴ɽҶСѹΧĿռǹɺƺ¶Ҫˡ
˵ĹҶС˵ͷǱֳĹսͨʥʸ
ҶСָ΢΢Ʒâ֮ųĳЩ˿ߣɲǼ䣬˵ĹɢΡ
ˣסˣǸûпҶС֣ʵ̫ˣʱ䣬ЩйгһĨȻ
ҶС֪˴пҪ꣬ҶСľԽԽԶˣǵĳ˿ɬ
ʱЩѧԱǷ׷׶ͣһĻСҶС˭ղŵսʲô飬ղŻϣƺƴתۼ䣬ͻָƽ
ҪйٶѾˡ˵ɫҶС簲ο
Ǿٻǲ̫Զˡй˵
֪ΪĿ꣬ڵزҲڽܹΪҵʵȥŬӣ֮ĲཫԽԽ󡣡


1403 ڹ似
Ŀǰ˵ǵΪѾҵĹƣʱ䣬㹻ûϺõûж似ǶѾӵ˱ͨʥʵǵɹҺ⡣ҶС˫Ŀһɨ˵
ÿٶȶͬԼҪҲͬΪĿ꣬ѵֻ˽ʱ̬ܹʶԼ͸ҹȥ
ҶСº͵Ľ˵һȻ˫Ŀŭȵ
ҶСĻ¶һ˿ĥ˽ʱˣһ˲䣬ȼ˶־
٣ԭǣĥôʱ䣬ڷǰһ˭֪Ȼܴˣˣʲôʱ򶼲йˣǻԷΪĿꡣĿᶨ˵˵ĿҲܼᶨ
ҲԷΪĿꡣʱ춯صĺЩЩѧԱ
ѧԱһҶСĿǳݡ
Уѧϰ֪ʶʱ򣬾ͱĵ˼룬ҶСΪ֧ҶС¼Ƕ֪ұ
ҶСĿһ̧Щһ˷ܵѧԱ˵ǶǴͨѧԱھ׿׿֮ˣδɾͲǣⶼһǰᣬǾڷܳԿ࣬ҪȻǳ綼ᱻЩͨѧԱ˵һ䣬˭ͨѧԱˣҾͻὫͻѧУӦö뿴һĻķɣûŬվ۷壿
СصŵϿա
ãУܹǺģһϢºǻһδȣǰһԴһĹи似ȻԽߵõĽԽ񣬳֮⣬رٱԵʱ򣬱ּΪõˣҲܹܲõͿǵıˡ
һŬеľӢѧԱһ˷ܵĺУܹʲôȹսΪ˵أ
ɣҶС翴ЩӢѧԱ˵һ䡣
ȻĿͶ˵ˣǵŬҶҴһһ׶ʺǵսúŬ
ϣҶСĵˮһĹâǵüġ
ˣȽµĹϤһ£һʱ䣬ҴȥһطܹΪǵĻۣʱͻʥ⡣ҶС翴˵
лл١˹˵оǸм֮ɫ
ŬҪˣӦҲ֪ǡҶС˵һ䣬Ȼʧˡ
ҶСոʧĵط¶ĽĹâ
̬Ҳ֪ôġ˵
Ѫʺ촽һ˫ĵĹâÿһμٶһҲ֪ٵΪʲô硣
ղŷٶ֣ȫһ˿Ϣûɢͨ˶˶ֲָ΢΢һ̾˵һҪƴ׷ϷٵĽŲҪȻǾҪ̭ˡ
ʬһԲһΪʵˮһ
뿪ŵ죬ҶСӰͳһϣϪߣŮŬʽ߸µ˵Ϊﵽ˺ء
СϳŮͼλ⣬˶Ƕͻˡ
ٶȻͦġҶС翴Ů˵
ҶСĻŮһҶСʱͬ
¶һĨϲɫ˿ҶСȻڿ棬¶ɫ·Ϊ˵ٴף
ҶС磬лл㣬û뵽㻹Ǹز¶ĸ֡࿴ҶС˵
ǸռˣĪЦ˵
һ΢΢һ죬ŮһۣҪ˵
˵꣬ɬ͵͵ҶСһۣҶСûȻһ¶ӵĹâ
ҪʵʱЧãݽϣϢһȽˣҪһ𣿡ҶС翴Ů˵
ˣһ˵
ҶС˵ͷȻת¥ȥ
һֱҶСıӰҶС߽¥ûջĿ⡣
ȥͽȥ֧㣬棬ʱϲһˣҪȥ⣬ҪȻԽԽԶƽ࿴ų˵
ϲȥȡûʲôԵģҪԼźĪ˵
ôŮˡĵ˵˫Ŀ¶ӵɫ
ҲǣȻ㣬̫ģȷʵһ⡣΢΢һ̾̾
ϲһˣǿŶԷģԼͿģк٣Ǵﲻ̶ֳȣڸеͶԶԶڻرһԥתȥ棬ԼҲһˣǰɣĪĿų˵


1404 ̸
ĪĻĬҲ֪ԼʱԴҶСʲôĸ飬Ǻøлϲ
ô˵»ҪԼ¾ҪԼ̫ίˣȥһߡĪһЦ
Ů˵ͷĪһһȥ
ҶСֻ߽ĸסﻹѦڣҶĿֵвסƬڲʲô
Ѧǵ˳ı仯ϵʧ˺ܶ࣬Ҳࡣ
ҶСǶؽѯǸĥöӺͶϱǹͬŬһСӣǾͲˡ
һ˵£ҶСԴΣ仹Сû뷨
ǰӨҲ£һϣȻǿġ
һҶС߳˿һ似ŮӣӰһȻʱǰȻ˽ȥ
УŮΪ˺ܶ࣬С۹Ѿ˰ʥ磬Ľѩŷǧ\ľӣӶѾﵽ˾۷塣
һżҪԼȥȥۣǶۣҲǶ򳡵
̺˵ΪȻѾͻƵʥأѾȹ˳۷壬ʥһ۷ʱ˳Ļۡ
˵ŮΪ˺ܶ࣬ʮںʱʹã˵Ϊǡ
Ŀǰ˵彵ٺΪʥûԱ֮ҶСڴÿ˶ͻơ
о˽Ůһ鿴֪ҶС磬Ƕֹͣ
ҶСĿֵԹ
Ϊ֪ĴʦҶС統Ȼ֪еĳЩ뷨
õģû£ϺġҶСŮ
Ѿˣܹĵ
ˣһȥɣǵӣҶСε˵
ʱУΪ͵ļŮ⣬˳
ôôʱ䣿ǶΪʲôΣաŷǧ˵¶˵֮ɫ
ҶСеľ֧һҶС£Ƕ֪ô졣
ǵˣһЩ飬ˣ²ΪҶСǸĿŮ˵
û¾ͺáͯ˵һ䡣
ߣԺǵģ²˴бҶСһۡ
ǺǣֻҪǸҶСЦЦ˵ʱоڵһɻ汻ȼˣûŮˣỹãһа
ƵĿҶСһۣҶС޺޵ҧ޲ýŮֱӰڵء
ˣʮеõ֪ʲôɹҶСһһɹ˳ģʱ䣬һɷҷ֮
Ů̲סһپãʮ㣬ǰû׵ѧɲǼ䣬·ඥһ㣬һ㡣
ҧһڡĽѩ˵ɫе㲻˼ʵĽѩҲҧһڵĳ嶯
Ȳҳԣҧһڣȳܲס̺Ӵ塣ҶС˵ȻĿͶ̺ϣûɹ
̺˿˿ҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪öɹʲôãŪ˵ҪȻݰ˷ҩЧͲˡҶС罫ɹ
˶ĵģԼʮе飬ҶСҲ˵˴ӵڶʮһ쵽ڶʮ
ҶС˵ɹʱŮǵҶС
˵˵ţͻȻҶСǧ飬ɵʵϣǲǹ֯
һ֮ɫĿҶСѵ㲻֪
ҶС粻˼ЦЦȷʵ֪һֱƺΪ֯
ôͻȻѯ£ѯʵ
ҶСӴռоͽö˳ݸϣȻǼ˵˳ȥ
նɱնɱˣһ˶ɢޣڲΪ˲г֣ᶯͽЩ˻ˣҲΪһԼá˵
ԭˣһǻͻȻأ
˴ڵĸԭΪһͳһã׼ʹȻڲҲһ壬ﶼһϽ͵
ҶС˵ͷԴҲף˵طнҲ˶
Ƕѧϵ⣬ֻҪĶһ𣬵Ȼܶ붼ҶСĽֱҪһѪ˶ǳ
ɫŮҲƽǶм
ףôȥˣŮ˽ȥĽѩȴһǾϣһ˿΢죬ҶС粻ѯʵ
ҶСĻĽѩһűҧ촽ûлش֪ô˵
å˼ô˵أĽѩɫˡ
ôˣҶС粻ʵ


1405 һҹ
ҶС׷£ĽѩӬϸ˵㲻ǴӦңΪ𣿡
˵꣬ĽѩĶܹˮһһĺζӵѩ׵Ĳһ˫ָǲĽա
ȻҶС粢ûͻһϵѾоĽѯŮ֪֮ʶ˺ޱȡ
ԭ˵°ҶСдЦ⿴Ľѩ
ĽѩƤɲĳЩߵĶһСţװװͰ͵ӵҶС˵Ц
ãҲЦǵѩҲˡȻҶС˵ЦȻЦ档
Ҵ򡣡ĽѩȥȭҶСŴҶСеͽߡ
С˶Ȼʼʹñˣҽôѵ㡣ҶСץסĽѩķȭȻ˻УΧĿռ΢΢˾ʧˣ˷С
һ䣬ҶСȲĶסĽѩĵһ˫ֶΪ
Ҫȥϴһ¡ҶСڵոȼͱĽѩƿˡ
ҶСᣬôϼΣԼò١
Ѿﵽʥˣϰ㳾ռͲ࣬òϴҶС˵
ȥϴϴĽѩһ仰ܽ䡣
ҶСǸưٵȥ·ֻʣһڿ㣬Ȼ˴ϣĵȴĽѩ
ʱ֪ϴĽѩһƵʺܸߵѾ˾ǵһʱȻŲѡ
¶һĨᶨһ˿ߡ
ߣ쵰ˣƾڵˮͷ¡
һĽѩ߳ʱɫԡۣ΢ʪ㷢·ٲһк£һִѩ׵Ĳǰǰ΢΢㷢һ˿Ůӵġ
˻δһɵҡ
ҶСֱֱĿ⣬ĽѩĵҶСһۣѵûп
˵꣬˱ѣɫԡ˵ϣӹĽģһϳһĨźɬ
ԶҶС˵ȻĽѩĽۺ촽ķһǣ˽ȥ
ӴĽѩĽʱҶСԸܵŮӵ΢΢·ǽţһִ̼
ѾǵһκĽѩͬһѣÿһһĸо
ŮӵɬͰưܹĵĻ档
šС磬ѵƹˡһ졢˫ĿĽѩ΢΢Ľ˵
صƣΪҪصƣǶѾ쾳ˣزصƸûʲô𡣡ŷ̵˶ҶС˵
ŮͬʱٷְʮŮӶҪصƣǶϲŵƣΪƷζŮĽŮΪںڰĵͽš
ܵĽѩеĽţҶСֻ˵ðɣҹصơ
˵꣬һƾչʱĽѩŵҲ΢΢ƽ
ŮҪ˹ͬȥά໥֮ܵԷİ⣬ֻܹͼԼֶ˶ԷĸܣҪȻǾͽǿ顣
羰续𣬳ŨŨ
ҶСľ飬ûжþĽѩʧС
Ľѩһʹ˺Ϊһ塣
ʱ䣬һȵ֮ĽѩӿҶСڣҶСǿԼӻֵĵѹǹԼתһܣתΪһµȻĽѩڣ̺˿˿عԼع⡣
ѩתͻΪҶС˵дһַ·֮ҲΪĽѩѹ
ղŵľʹѾһ㣬ҶСĻϽתǹ
һν˰ĽѩϵƲƾǹعһ˿ʶ
ǡڷ·ĳֶһ㣬۷Ͱʥ֮ǲ׵ĴˣĽѩڽ˰ʥ硣
ľ£˹˹֮УҶСİ֮£޾£ޱȡ
ĽѩĻ۾ͺͻƣӿΪڽߣת۽Ѿ˰ʥ۷塣
ʱûͣΪȻӿⶰ¥е˶ܵһ춯
֪˭ͻˣ쵽£ķҶСķǻΪҶСͻΪ
ĽѩΪڰʥͣѾȹ
ͻˡĽѩǷ¶һ˿˷ܡ
ǰͻˣڸÿʼˡٺ١ҶС绵ЦһȻסĽѩĺ촽
ʱ䣬ڻ졣
Ϊ˵ȻʲôЦݣ˵ûбһӻŮΪĵˡ


1406 뿪ȥ
ڶ죬Ӵɢ÷ڶһ˿ģĴҶСĽѩӵ˯
ܵ˹ߵӰ죬ҶС˫Ŀӳľһֻڲϵѩۣо첲е΢΢ķ飬ȥֻĽѩԼĸ첲ޱĳ˯
ϵ飬ҶСϹҳһ˿΢ЦΪĽѩͺʫһֱȽϱغߵŮˣǣû뵽Ľѩ˴ϾǱһһ㣬ܷ֣ȻǷᰵַĽѩķдһĨߣ˸ܵһصĴ̼
˶壬׼ĽѩѩƿʱĽѩ˫ĿԼرҶСʱ¶һĨߡ
̧ͷȥҶСѾ˹ЦЦĿԼĽѩָҶСšһ¡
˯ûУҶСϴŵЦʵ
ûУ㡭ĽѩĵҶСһۣǶ֮һ˿ġ
Ҳܹȫҡ
˵Ľѩ¶һĨߺ죬ҶС˵һ뵽ϵ飬ͽס죬Լ֪Ϊô󵨣һо͹ҶС磬ΪҶС约ġ
ãҲ˵ˣ𣿡ҶСʵ
Ľѩ˵ͷȻԼĸ첲ջأӵذǼɫԡۣϡ
ȥ任һ·Ľѩ¶֮ɫҶС˵漴ΪȻ߳˷䡣
ĽѩıӰҶС¶ҸЦݡ
úˡ
ϴ󣬵߳ʱĽѩҲǡ߳˷䣬һ¥
ʱУڣ˺ǵĿͶͶĽѩϡ
ǵ۹⵱ȻܹĽѩϵı仯
ѩС磬ˣڳУȥǶϴЦ˵׼ųȥ
ˣ裬Լȥˣѩȹȥ裬ҸǶ˷ȥҶС˵һȻ˳
Ľѩߴ˹ȥ
ߡĽѩߣȻסĴĽѩĽѩźͽߡ
Ǽ˾ĽѩҲҲʧˡ
һҶСƤͼͱ˳
С磬㶼Ҫչ˵ǧҪǸҪȻĲ㡣ҶСĳ˵
֪ˡҶСεĵ˵ͷȻͷԷ
ҶСĽѩԷʱһߺĽѩһ߽ҶС磬ҶС粻ҪŮӣҲҶС繼ǵȵһϵеĻ
˵޷ǾǸҶС粻ҶС˶ˡ
ҶСĽѩ˱˳ȥ
ҵΪѾһƿֻȥһſͻƣһʱһҪעⰲȫһУҶСĽѩ˲ߡ
׼ʲô뿪Ľѩʵ
ԽԽãʱ䲻˰ҲܹͻƵĻûԱ֮ˡʱֻܹһϣҲӡҶСᶨ˵
һͻƵġĽѩ˵ԼĵֲصĵףҶСһ߳ȥǣվû˵ԼܹҶС硣
ǺǣҲҪŬŶȡܹͻƵʥڵΪС۹Ҫ߳һ˿ǧҪˡҶСЦЦ˵
ѵͶһĶûУĽѩҶС˵
ôأҶСǺһЦľ۹ױȣٶȼ죬·ûκƿһ㡣
ıĽѩС۹С۹ΪĽѩҶСһ㶼⣬෴ܹǲŽأ
ߣһ֪û˵滰С۹ȷʵпܳҡĽѩĿҶСһۣȻ˵Ʋֵġ
Ҫ룬ԼŬУÿ˶ǲͬģҪȥˣԼСҶС簲Ľѩ
ס
һв߶һҶС뿪ˣĽѩΪѾͻˣЧ϶ûǰôˣָų
뿪һҶСȥС
СϣྫӢѧԱȶҶС紫ڵĹ
ҶСֵʱǶ˫Ŀ
١ҶС磬ѸٵվĽһ
ǵ񽻸ʹ߰ɣǸҴȥһطҶС˵һιâȻ˾ʧˡ
ǳֵʱѾʱǰˡ
һʱ󷨣ʮ죬Źȥһ죬ŬҪʧҶСĿ˵
ҶСĻ˷֮ɫ֪Լȱʱ䣬ҶСһλᣬܹأ
лл١
лϽȥĪҪҵҶС˵
˼ᶨĵ˵ͷȻ˽ȥ
ҶСӰһˣããɸ߿գ˿۵׵СҲǸߵʱˡ
ϣ˾ʧˡ


1407 
ҶСǴĽѩһʱȥģϾŷֹϵʹ뿪ĽѩԼҶСвҪʱ䲻ˣĽѩҲҶСܵѹȰ뿪
ҶСΪٲһҪ߲ˣãֻ쳾ܹİС
ɽâƵʥ⣬ÿ峿ǰǧ𣬱Լһƽƽ
ؼص·ؼΪöɡ
ɽ֮ϣʥ̵ʥ̵ľУһ޴¥У鼮һţ鼮
һɫ۵ͷɢУ˫ĿΧ鼮϶ɢ˼μŵɫѪҺ
˭ܹõ߳ƵĹƿһȻӣЩڿһĻ
ѵûа취ǰʶǴġ˵
ͻȻ䣬۾һƳһúֱд鼮ۡ
ۣⲻǻȺ˵Ķص𣿡ղŻûκɵ˫Ŀų⡣
ҳԶһһ︺Ϊ͡ؼ䶼
ɽΪΪΪΪΪΪ
ͳһĪˡ
Ĺâʥտտ̫֮ȣܴ޹Ҳ˺ѵҪûĵ⣿
ΪΪѵѵҪȫָֻӲУһУâǼ
ʱ䣬վźܶһ鼮
̫֮޹ҲҴ˺ҲααЦҵ껹׼ռȫͻһ㣬Ϳû⣬£ʱŸͻȻ䣬ĴЦ
ֻ̫̫̫ܹ֮֮֮ˣֻˡ˫Ŀбųâ
ת˲䣬ָĴ顢ʰӰһȻʧˡ
ߵããͻأ䣬һӰ֣һӰǸղʧŰɫɳۣʮԹǰʴȣҫ£·Ϊ˹ߵһ֡
겻ɺãվᱻڰɡ˵صƬռ䣬·͸ռ䡣
ߣ㻹αͻأһ֣һ̱һ޴Ӱǰһľ롣
һӰӰΪߴ󣬷·Ǿ֮ϵ飬ǰռ䵴·ռ롣
ûʱûдƬգҲͶӰˣ
ʲôαⶼΪ㻹һҪȻôῪ̡˵˫Ŀƽ
˽㣬ԶҲס˵˵ɣʲô£ǰ֮䲢ûʲô
Ȼǰûн˵Ժнˣô˵ǶһʱˣôȥˣǸʱҲûʣ¼ˣ໥ʺһҲӦõġȻһƽӡ
ϻ࣬Ǹʱ˺ܶ඼ţǼˡ
ʲôǻţƽɫڱ˱䣬ʮ𾪣
֪
һ仰ĶѪոո˱һش˵֪ⲻǴĿ
סеһŭٴѯʵ֪ǰʲô飿
һΪԶҪװģһʴȵӣû뵽Ҳյʱǰ飬ܶһֶˡ񵭵˵
ͼǰΪһ飿û飬ͦ뿪
ֱ
ǣһ飬Ϊظ𣿡˿˿ƻʵ
һ˫Ŀ߰ͬɽǱߣԶ䣬û˵ֻǵĿ
ðɣҼ˵а취ܹǵΪٻָǰҲܻԭĻϸһȴҪ˹ͬɣ˵𣿡
뷨ɣû뵽ǰӽŮɫĹҲͷߣ뿴˵һ֣˹Դе뷨
ȻŮɫ˵ŮֻǰΪ˻ָҹ˲ôˣǻݻ飬ӣǵΪ˵ָܹһ㡣͵
ߣָܹΪȻͻƣҶԸ⣬˼ҪȻҶ㲻˵
㵱治ͬ⣿ղŻһʰɱ¶
ͬ⡣ᶨ˵


1408 ֲս
㲻ͬҲͬ⣬Ϊѹ̫֮ΪͻƣѾĹˣ˹ˣֺηأ˵Ƿ
Ȼˣҷ㡣Ŀޱȣһɿֲɢ
ʹ죬һûкһս㲻һ󱲶ѣҿʲôʸĳƺšЦһɫ죬׷裬Ϊ˽ɫʮԹȶӿռΧγѷ졣
һ̼䣬׻Ϊһ̫˹ĹԵޱȣâͻᱻݻ١
Ҵâˣ;еˣķǰķ򡣡ɫȻ˵
ƾ۳һȨȣǹȨȣո£âŷĳһֹ޾̫֮к£γɺƴĹݺݵĹ˺һա
䣡
𶯣޾̫֮Ϻˮӣˮǽӿ
һռһС֣ĿľΪƿ죬һս
겼õ󷨣ʹƣҪ׷ˡ˵
Ϊûа취ҲҪɽˣͻָΪɽʲôǷ֮ɫ
㻹ǸӣѧˣߣƣҪߣ˭ܹ赲
֪һҪһԡ
ɣ˵һ䣬ǵͶӰ漴ʧˡ
ҵġһ䣬ȻʧѾ󷨵ļ̣֪ƾԼʵԹƣֻҪѰ
ĸأʥׯϵĹɽɢŵʥ⣬ͻȻ䣬֡
ĿɨڣȻͶ˹ɽһ𣡡
һ̫֮ɽ
¡¡
𶯣ֲܹɽڲ·Ҫرεض
ɫ԰ޱȣɫ
ҵɽôֱ仯
ǲǸ˽ͽΪ
ϽҪɽ
ʱЩڶˣǲϵ֮ؼÿһ˵顣
СЩϷ۳һһɣڣʱɫָһ¡
䣡
ռ飬âɽεضƯա
ɽŲռ䶼˱һֲľΧܶũСȫһ
ɽĿнССһ¥ǰСʱҲܹСˡ
갡̾һȻɽͬʱʧ
꣬ϵı仯ı仯֮УСһѣΪǰڹɽĿҲǴĲ硣
ããվڹɽŸղƬռжȥ˹ɽ׸ܹԽռˣֻܹʵʵĴź衣
ȻѾ˹ɽҾͷɵףԲǳͻȻ쳹Ƭռ䡣
ʱ䣬һ˺ϣ֣һȫΪ˺ڰ㷱ǳ֣âк£뵺յһӦ
ɲǼ䣬С·ЩâϵͬΪһ塣
ͬʱ䣬ֲ£۳һӰһӰӰ
վգһԲƾɣһ˫Ŀɨķ
һ۵ʹңЦӿȡ
һ̣ϰ׸ߵɽһƬա
ҾͲţǧ۳Ĺâɽ󷨡ɭȻ˵
£ɽնתۼѾǸСڵˡ
һϳһĨɫء
ѹ쳹ⷽռ䡣
ʱ䣬ɽģƥٽ£ͬʱ
ܻûнǿֲѾ·Ŀռѣˮܲסǹѹķ
޾γ籩ؼ䡣
˫ֻӡ켣·ǴĺۼâΧա
ʱ䣬ռڰˣǹãۿɼǻԽ£һͬһ»ԡ
߹Ļǽ·ǳǻԸһ㶼ӵ˳
񵺵ȫǻйճһص·
Ȼ䣬һɺƴǻԴгֱʣŽµĹɽȥ
һһ಻·޾һ㡣
ϣƺǻֱӺ˼̵Ŀռ䣬һײ˹ɽ֮ϡ
䣡
֮ؼ쳹ķϯѿռ䡣
޾ǻ֮£Ͻٶһ̺Ҳ˺ܶࡣ


1409 ɽ
û뵽󱲻ЩֶΣҪҳˡվڸ߸ߵĹɽۣ֮£˫Ŀɨռѡ
Ϲâã޾̫֮γһӿһ۾𾪰˷·ӻۡ
̫֮һƬأΧƬռʱˣǳȥټ
ǳĹâ·ǱնˣԾ֮кµĹâ࣬ʱͼˡ
ɽٶȻӿ죬ɽ֮¿ռѣЩбǻȫȻ顣
һɾѹ
䣡
ˮķȦȦ˳һĿռ䲨ӣΧߣԻᱻ飬Ϊĩ
۶ɵֻ»һµ״ʱ䣬һɺƴƴϱŷ
»۳һ£·Ӱ໥ӳģ˫ֵļȻʧͻأ˹ɽ·
ֱΣ˫Ŀӳ£
䣡
±ըˣŷ˻صֲռ䶼˺ˣһѷγɣЩռѷ콥
ɲǼڵѷγһڶĶڣ·һֻħſײдڡ
վɽ֮ϵɫһ䣬ϽɽҪԶǸĺںڶڣǣɽѿƣѾγѹƣŬɽźںڶײȥ
˺䣡
𵴣·ǻΪ֮ڷŵķɽһӱںڶ˽ȥ·һֻ޵еޣʳʳ
ӰϽ뿪ɽԶ
ԼĹɽȻˣĶڵѪΪɽ֪˶ĲϣҲ֪˶ƣ񣬾ȻȫΪһա
ۡ³һѪɫе΢΢ήңǷŭ
񣬽ҵĹܶ赲ĺе
һû˵ʲô
ʱͻȻ䣬ؼ䴫¡¡춯һƴޱȣ·
ǡϷճѷ죬һƬռ·Ҫһ㡣
䣡
һƬռ䣬ǲһ飬漴һȻг˳һȻǸոձɵĹɽ
ʱɽĹȫΪ˻ҽɽȴȻ
һĻķЦ˷·Ƕǰ߳һվɽ֮ϣ
ϵ۵ףվңһʧܵģϵ۵ּ⣬񡣡˫Ŀ̫֮ų·֮ĳա
ŲϽĹɽавãɽ̺ſֲֻһ޷ֹ
䣡
ɽݺݵΧѹȥǿֲռΪ֮޾ӿͬտ˵ķˮ
ΧĿռгѷ죬·֩һ㡣
вõЩĺܶ඼顣
û뵽㲼õ󷨻ͦʵģҾͲ󷨻ܹ赲ã񹬼ɣҪȻûκλᡣĶ˵һгӣ·һ￴סһĻ
ɽգ׼ͬķʽѹ󷨡
õ󷨲ǺܸֻΪ赲ǿ߽룬Ϊ˷ɽ˶ϡƵľްԣǿµģ󷨸赲
ٲ취ֹò˶೤ʱ䣬󷨾ͻƳ񵺽᳹׵ı¶Ƭռ䡣
Ҫֹܹˡһ
˲䣬ߵĿռ䵴һϮ¡ƮƮ֣һڽڡ
߹󡢳ɡʥޱȡʮ㣬һַ·ضȻʧɫ
񣬹ȻҶûжʲô˼ˣڼ㣬Ů֮ӦòһҲáչеḡȴΪĮ
˸ͲʲôŮ֮飬УŮֻǹ߶ѣг谮Ķ
õĹȻ˵Ļ˴һһֱǿߵֻҪǸ츲صʵ˵
Բ֮С
˫ֻһնʱ㷱ǣԲ̡
»Խ£۳һɫԲ̣һԲ̺;֮ϵԲ໥ӳġ
ɫԲԽԽסһգһļµԲж
ʱɫԲСΪ˷һСƿնȥŹâɽײȥ
䣡
ֲ»֮ŷ˳ǿĳ𶯲ѣµĹɽ·ͣһζֹ
ˣ
ɽڻζв෭ˣΧĿռ䲻ϱϵΰӣϺˮΪһˮǽŰ˷ӿһƬûκδֻܶൺ춼ûˡ
ɽɫѿޱȡ


1410 ɻ
ɽתһǿɽʱ㵹Ĺɽ
䣡
վڹɽ֮۵ݺݵĶһ½ţɽâɣŷϵΰٶȻӿײȥܴʱɽ֮ϵ̺ղţǣĥ𼸵Ļܹġ
վڹɽ֮۵ֱӹɽķ϶вֻܹͨˣնɱͼԹɽĿƣһҲõ󷨣ָܹʱ䣬˵Ҫˡ
һ˫ɢԵӣ¶һ˿ļᶨ
޾»ΪȻһ䣬ͬһֻӶ޾»к£۳һѳйâת̺ſֲ
ҡ
ԲڵƺƵ·˳һӿе۳һ˿ߣһ˿ܹиռ򣬷ޱȣ˿߸ڳ֮ϣΪҡ
վڹɽ֮ϵһĻжʱһֺͲõԤС
ǻʱٴ
ǴȻֲܹǻӾ֮ϽС
ңʱ䣬һ֧ǻ۶ɵļ֣˳֮ϣһɺƴΰŷΧĿռ䶼ڱйŷǿ
˫ĿһһɼΪΣնϢͻȻ䷢ֳϵļ֪ʱѾʧˣû˿ԥϽƶΡ
ۡĸ첲ըһѪһ첲ȫϵˣʱĳһ亹ղһʹ֮ģˡ
ʱǻ۳ļȥ
ɽ֮ϵ´ܣһҲܰ
ʥ⻤塣Ǳŭ
֮ϣ̫֮к£·ӵγ˵ȦС
ǻ۳ɵļЩȦײ˾޴͸˽ȥѪڡ
ıը֮ʱʱм֧͸̫֮γɵĹȦ
ʮԹ΢΢ȶиռ䣬Щǻ۳ɵļͿռ䲨ײ
ʱɽ£ϣһ󷨵ķı顣
ΧռУƵγɿֲɽ
䣡
γɵĹϵײɽɽζֹںԿͲֳܹɽ
䣡
ɽ񱩵ˣˮչĵһȦȦʮɵˮǽӣ·Ǿ޴ġʷѼĺХγɡ
ߵغȫˣĺˮӿУˮ飬˺ܶ
ɽƯããϣ·һ졣
ҾͲܹƵĶù΢΢׵ɫ˵ѹƵıһӵĻ
ߣԡȻһɫ
ֲϵһǳ۳ɵļγȻȻʧ·ֱӴ˿ռ䡣
ÿһγɫһ֡
˶ʮֶӵʱ䣬еĳȫȻˣ˺ܶҲùǱѣһصơ
ҵҪʲôֶΡеĳʧЦһʣ·й޾ķŭͱ
ûд֣С
ܳˣȻΪ첻ܹˣԺ󻹻鷳
һɫгУѱлӶɫ⻮һʮֽĹȥ
ѵĶţΨйܹ㡣йȨһָһε˳ؼ̫֮ۡ
ʮֽ湥ڡ
ҲǶݵģҹȻڸǹ񵭵˵˵һ仰ʱͷһҲǴ䣬Ҳ֪Լô˵仰
仰һ·عһյĹȫȥЩ̫֮Ҳʧֻղŷڡ
Ϊ˺ҹ»ںҹиҫۣΪˡ
䣡
һ»֮ûзӦʱ򣬹ϣǻصΰ
ۡһѪѷ죬嵹˳ȥӹɽããС
һռȫΪ˺ҹ˫ĿһãҲ֪ôͻȻӡ

Ӻˮг̤˹ɽۣ֮ɫ԰ס
㡭㲻񡭡㾿˭ض˻е
Ҿ񡣡񵭵˵
񣿲ڰ֮һǺڰ֮񡭡ֻкڰ֮ķܹ赲ҵĹ֮гһĨɵ
ں֮Ȼôܣĵôһ¡
˵Ҳʲôڰֻ֮񡣡ƽϳһĨ꣬ɻأļǶ϶ģǰʱ򣬺ܶ඼벻ˣҲ֪ʲô顣


1411 
ԣ㲻Ǻڰ֮ôӵ˫Ŀâ·Ҫ񿴸ͨ͸
Ļ¶һ˿ãԼҲ벻⵽Ϊʲô
ʱ˫ĿͻȻų»ԣ־һƣֲ»бŷ·Ҫһ㡣
ǹ»ոձŷ˲䣬һɲܹܵռ䴫˹һɫӵ߻Ե
䣡
ɿֲײһ𣬱һãã޾գ񱩵ӣΧĿռȫ˺ѳƬȻָŰγ籩
ײһʱɫͻȻһ䣬ҴҵһǶԷıѾùĶأ
һɿµӵڣɲǼ䣬ȫ飬첲ըѿ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ۡһѩݺݵĵ˳ȥȫܵش
ղĿռ䣬һӰ֣ɫƣΧ󣬷·Я׺˺Ȼ
Үͻڿ⣬ǵ˵ĻҪȻһʧƬذɣޱĶ˵ɫʮֲÿ
һ֮ˣսǹ䣬Ϊеһ£űƲѴӦ͵Ϯ
ҴӦĿ϶ģѾͨˣҵĿǴﵽǸ磬޹ءһЦһߵѪŹɽ
ǰαˣҿûбӺڰļһˡ񳰷˵һ
ʱããˮг˫Ŀбĳâҧ˵֣񡣡
ĸ첲ۿɼٶȻָţҲ˳ȴ˴
ʥֵʵֻҪҪ֣ڶʱڻָȴҪĴϾϸҪ
ǸҲòְ񵭵˵˵꣬ĿһתͶˣӦòҪҰæ˰ɣ
𼱣һ̣ʲô鶼ᷢѹܣͳ֡¶˷ܵĹâ˵ɽĿ֮£ѹ·ѾסһĻˡ
һռҪˣж
жջָͻơѯʵ
ûаգֻҪһ˿ҾͲŹ˵վɽ֮˵
һĬȻû˵κλ˫Ŀ׵
ܵǿѹɫӲ԰ˣ»
мѵĻһ·֣·عһӿ֮һԲ³֣һ»к£·ˮһ㡣
䣡
һƳ˹ɽӴѹɵĿռۣ»ϣϢͽȻһߣֲޱȣһͷɫ趯˫Ŀӳ£󣬸һԲγɣԲתͬʱϱ仯¡²Ͻ棬˿µܡ
Ȼ䣬ʧ˲ͳ˸߿ڣֱĶ£һԲĳƴﳼ·ǴȻܹ赲
ʧƤһʱ֪ĹʼˣϽ̫֮Լһ롣
ĹѾʱϽ۳˿µĹһԲײ
䣡
۵̫֮ɲǼ飬ԲȥƲһӾײĹϡ
䣡
ֲԲͬĥһĥ̫֮γɵĹ֡
ǡϲѷ죬漴˿Ѿ˺ܶԲȥ·ҲҪѹΪƬ
ɢ̧еĹȨȣԲһ㣬һɺƴ̫֮ӿ
µıըɫһ㣬ո㿪ʱһɺ嫵ϡ
ءĵ˳ȥһѪղĿ˹ɽ˺ܶ࣬ҲˣһʱԻһΣϼˡ
㻹ʲôĪҪŸģһѪ󣬺е
һΣһ󣬶ʱ䣬һϵҫĳǹ۶ɣݺݵ׷˳ȥȥ
Ǹɫĳǹ·ǴԽ˿ռ䣬ֱӵǰ
񲽷棬Ͷ˹ȥ񣬼۳Σһ⣬ݺݵն
ʱ䣬һëȻһΣյϢڰգԶɣһʱԿס
ۿһҪնǰʱˣӰֱʧԶռ䶯ǵⱻŤ
ۡǵʣնϣٴһѪ
ۡҲѪϢήңǹɿֲϢ
ռŤˣղˣطΪǿѹסƣٴˣƸء
ҡץסǧҪˡѵĿ˵Ѿסˡ
˵ͷĿͶ񣬡ҲˣѾˣ־ܰɣ
ˡͻơڴ


1412 Ѫ
־ܣߣûܹסҡ˵
ȻͱҶˡ΢΢һ̾·ǿ˺ͬһʱıҡ
ȫɫҫ޾˹г˵׵磬һƬն׵ĺ󣬷ԲʮڵĿռ䶼֮Уһͷռˣ·𶳽еһУҲܹһֺ
񣬱ɱѵҪǻˣһʬ
˵ͷһ޴׵γɵֱγɣץȥֵסƱػᱻơ
һһɨһһνɫĴһ˿˿ʺѪҺϣһѪҺ̺ŻصҲϵط
ѪһѪҺɫ䣬һ·ǿʲôµһ㣬ϽٻˣҪһƬռ䡣
ߣҿҵ˺ֶܶΣ˵ûܹ־ܡ˵һѪҺ˲ɢȫǱµĽһɫضȻʧɫһɿµɢӰ˷ԲǧĿռ䡣
˶پ̶ƶ
һΣˣҪʲôãҪõϾҲǸ磬ܹ˵ץ߾ץߡɬһ£΢΢һ̾ǿ֮£޾£˹ȫһγһɫĴ롣
ʱƺƺƣ·֮Ů绪ܹ赲ơ
ĳʱ䣬һԲγɣգһռ䶼ӳĵĸ
˲䣬ԲʧһѾǰԲ±ΪĥһСȴǼΪˣ˸еļ¡
ǡɫϲѷ졣
ء벢ûмֶ೤ʱ䶼ˣԲȻޱȣһǰ
䣡
һռ䶼ڲµ»֮ӣ첨ˡ
ۡۡһѪݺݵ˳ȥȫըѣһɿµڷŰҲù飬ʹ֮Ķ޹⣬ǹɿֲ»֮Ҫʹ֮ģһͷֱð亹Ͻеǹ
֪ˣ䣬еڣԼʱ̫嶯ˣûнһıʹҴææǰҪ׽ס
ʱϵĽɫâһ˿һ̺ſлƳգն
ҪһΣеΣѿ״̬һܺõĻᡣ
ܵвϢˣ׼Ÿɲٵȴꡣ
ƴƹɽҪɽ赲סĹ
ۡǿĵٴһѪ
񣬿ˣʧˡһ԰׵˵
˵ͷ˿ԼѪģȻĿͶ񣬡ԦǿߣҲס
ϣͷ¶˹ķģ·۾һ㣬һɫâų˿ռ䣬ΧĿռҲܹѹǵж
ߡ˵һ䣬һʱΣһͨȥ
ǸոߣռպϣպϵĿռ䣬˫ĿеĹâΪˡ
ȻˣɽͱҪˡ˵һ䣬һռ䶼ˣһֻһץɽ·һСһͱӻƵĿռ䶪˳ȥδ֪ռȥ
ʱԽԺ󣬼ʹָˣҪõɽҪʱҲԽ
Үͻ㡭һָҵһɱ㡭ʱͻȻ䣬Ĳҽ
һҽºһ𣬡ôˣ㻹ôűˣҲǽһ˿Ѫ⾫ѡ
ºûʲôƬȻӿ
ȡʱȳһѪɫ΢΢һ䣬һʧƬռ䡣
ϣƾվƺɢϵı𣬡ڵ㳡ϡ
񵺡
ಡеĵȫ˹㳡ϡ
˴УҪ񵺣׼˵һ䣬йâһǵصĹδɸ߿յ񹬴Щȫʧ
һУѪĿһɨ»ӶеĹضˣ˳񹬵Ĵڡ
ۡڸϣһѪҺеήңϵǵɫҪʧˡ
ʱͻȻһӰ֣档
ʱɫһ䣬ϽóҩҺݵǰޱȵĵ˵ʦȽҩҺ¡
뿪ҪȻ˺߶߲ˡ˵һ䣬˫Ŀպϣֻ»С
һ񹬱һɲõĹâ漴ʧһ뵣̵С


1413 ı
˵ĴսѾĻǣغȴء
޾ĺˮӿۿڱݻ٣ˮޣɾҲˮݺݵĳ˳ȥеֱЩš
ˮûغһƬѾˮ·ͨȵȸͲ˵ȫҺúܶ˻ĵĹʧ٣ҪȻغѾһˡ
ӡ֤ɴܷ仰
һսеĶȣʥ̺ͰٴභսļΪңһһļƣ˳֣Ҳ赲ˡ
ʱѪЩණӢʳѪǰǶȻǰϾܰǰң붼ᱻץסҳһţǵĻᡣ
飬ķ沢ûκӰ죬һЩΪ֪⣬˶֪
Ȼ¶ڻûʲôӰģһȴӰ˻ڶ֮ĹϵǾɹԭˡ
ΪɹԭǰõϵӲʮУĽܳӵҲǴ֡
ģϱ߾һСǣһСԺڣһѪռһĿռ䣬ѪзѪҺһŨŨѪ֮ɢ
һѪɫ۵ڵڣ˫ĿգĺһɹѪҺڣʱʧѪɫ֮ϵϢǣΧҲӿһС
ѪеѪˮ½ѪˮѾܹʱѪɫֹͣ˶ѪҺգΧ۶һȫӿУɢȫ
ʱƽޱȣ·һƬռ䶼ˡ
ˡ
ͻȻռ𵴣һȦȦˮĲɢϵѪɫ۹ĵһɿֲϢɢ·Ǳһֻµޡ
ѪɫâͻأϱŷΧ·һѪϣ˫ĿѪɫâųռ˴Īѹӷ·ײеޣѪȡ塢̡
ʽӳĺ־ǿ
־ǿվϵƺѪɫâȫȥ˿ƽޱȡ
Ѿָ˵ΪˣҪնɱǲЦҵţ޵ľǱ˱ңΪʱˡ־ǿݺݵҧ˵
ɽһɽڣһϮðƤֳֽȵĽЦУ߻ʮ֡
ȵϢĽЦ·ǸоʲôͻȻ˫ĿѪɫŷ΢΢üͷ
ˣôˣʲô飿һֹѯʵ
ûʲôղͻȻоһ˿ϢЦ˵
Ϣòħ˵ɱˡ˵
ߣ뿪ﲻ˾һٴ׷鷳ˡЦ˵ȻЩ˳ȥ
Щ˶ѪӰִѪɫߡ
ǰһʱ䣬ͻȻħɱţ׵ĻǸأնɱ˴ĸ֣ңЦһ˳Ȼħ˵׷š
һ·ʮ죬ǱѣýЦᵽʲô硣
ʱ֪־ǿû־ǿǻˣʬ
ΪѾʥ۷壬һֱûͻƣңԼ̫£⵽Ϊĳͷ
췣һҲûУɹȥˣΪɲҷϴ췣ѣǼΪ
˲ȥͻƣ췣¡
ܶһоϵϢͻ֣Ǵеͷˣֻܹɽ֡
ŷڵϰٹһƬɽϣһɫɫཻ۵꾲վ·ǵȴʲôһ㣬߻һëҰ
ȫȳƣȫ˱ըԵòˡ
Ȼƽ˫ĿȴһҰһ֮
Ѿʥ۷ˣҲ֪һֵѪ᲻ͻƵʥء˵ŷġ
ʮӵʱһ⻮գȻ£һվŷǰ
ģʲô飬صġ˵
ˣûб˷֣ŷС˵
ûУҰ㾡ܷģ˵ʲô飿ѯʵ
ǹŷһܹ֮ѪŨȵ⡣ŷĵ˵
ѪŨȣظһ䣬˷֮ɫضŷġ
飬Ϊֻһ˵к֪ǸǣȻֵĺƽ˵
ΪڼУĿǰ˵ֻ㿴УһСæֶԸһˣҵʵԸ˶ԷŷĶ˵۲ÿһ־ٶ


1414 
ҴӦ㣬˵ɣʲôܹǵȵѪѯʵдһ˿ļС
ŷһЦ֪ѾϵˣȻһж֮У˵ΪҲѾʥ۷壬ҪͻƣֻȵѪˡ
ΪˣŸˡ
һжⱾϡŷóһм̵鼮Ȼ˹ȥ
ǰ߳һ˲ŷǰƺе㲻ŵĿһ鼮˹ȥ
Ħһķ棬зص·ƺһĻеˡ
ǿѹļַ˵һҳʱ䣬סˣһҳǿհҳûж룬ڶҳڶҳҲǿհҳ
ʱŸое㲻Ծ̧ͷŷģдѯ֮⡣
ֻŷ¶˷ܵĹâͺǶһĹʱ֪˲ȻѾˣŷ˫Ϸɿĵ㶯˼¡
ʱ䣬˸оԼ岻ܶˣͲԼơ
ŷģʲôɫʵʱԼ˳·ȫԼˣΪΪ⡣
ʲôѵ֪𣿸ղѾ˵ˣֻҪڵѪŨȣǸ㣬Ǹҡŷģ¶һĨ˷ܡ
ŷĵĿ⣬ڲסеĻңһŷ˵֪ܳʲô
˭˵Ұܳˣ˭ˣⲻҪ֪ôŷ֮ѪŨȡŷ¶˲̵Ц⡣
㡭ĪҪڵѪ˾һ
شȷȴûκνһһʹ࣬߰ɣŷ˵һ䣬Ȼȥ
һƬвһĨʡ
ģһСУһƬĹ㳡ϣܶ˶ڹ㳡ϻгġдݵġгϷģһг֮ࡣ
һ괩ŵ·㳡Ȼߵĺÿһ֮䶼̺һ˵ĵ⣬һּΪȻĸо
׵ĻֺҸ𣿡˵
ҶС磬뿪һҶСͿʼеУ߹ĳкʹׯ֤̫̫ıϡ
ΪӵΪӵĶʱΪĳһ£ĳһң˼øӡ
˵Ѳ⣬Ҳȷʵǣʱ˱Լʲô֪һֹĸоʵҲܺ⣬Ǳĳң˲ŲԼĵĸӡ
ҶСƽĵذשߣʱһƬУһѶѵ֮ԴеǴЩɢģϷЦЩ·ˣֻʣɡ
˫ĿȻˮΧ˶ԾشţʱҶСһ֣ĸоǵĿǺ档
Ѿˣֻʣһ˿˿һ˿˿˶ʮʱ䣬Ȼû򣬲ҶС˿ûż˳ȻĵʱԽżԽ
ͻȻ䣬һҶС·Թߵ״̬
Ȼ˹˫Ŀ¶Ĺâ滹Ҫ䣬еĵâǳҪҫۡ
˲ǵҶС˹ȥƬ̻ΧɵһСռ䣬ܶܵʯϣСϷˣ
һСŮһСĵţʱʱЦһЦӣûһ˿٣ϵ𶯣ΧСŮЦҲ¶ЦݣǷĵЦݣ·𲻹ʲôĵ飬һСŮһЦоͻ֣ȴʹࡣ
ԭˣԼȾΧˣҶС¶һƬã֪УһĤš
ءʱһҶСע⣬ֻһҳбһСӣСӴĿˮƶߵӣϵĵ¡
Сʹ޵ӣҶСҲ˼˸Уһεˮ·ǵͷ
ҳҲɢһ˿ķ꣬еıˣһ˿Ρ
ҶСз·ʲôͥеӤľӨ͸һ˿ҲûС
ҶС绺˫ۣоռ·ΪĿʼתΧȺʧ
·һƬ֮أУֻʣ˸ָа
ͻȻ䣬ҶСЦˣˣֻʵԭУܹȾΧˣһĤѾȫʧˣʱͻΪˡ


1415 ͻ
壬ôˣҶСոУԼиȾһе壬ͻȻ䣬һɶͯ
ҶС˫ĿɲǼ䣬âųΧһָֻ磬·ܵޣ˲䵮Ӱ
׿׿ӰҶСһֶƽ
ͷȥֻһСŮգŴ۾Ӹںһ˿ʣһ˿ĺ棬СǱ΢΢ζС𪽿ᣬ˵Ŀɰ
СŮǸղŷЦСŮ
ͬΧ˵ҶССŮԴ΢Ц˵
Ȼ֪Ѿ弶ˣҶСи̾
ƭˣղ϶˯ˣ˵۾˯ˡСŮ۾һգһգ˵
Ǻǣûƭ㣬۾Ҳп۾ˣҲ˵г˽ȥҶСЦЦ˵
ŶСŮƶǶĵ˵ͷͻȻ䣬·ʲôһ㣬ͷĵ˵壬㴩ŵôٲǲ岻ã
СŮеĵģҶСЦЦǣ岢䣬㳤Ժˡ
ղΪʲôЦôģҶСһ䡣
СŮ۾һգһգһ˼ӡ
ҶСҲûСŮ˵ʲô𰸣Ȼܼ򵥣ҪشȴǺѡ
ͻȻСŮЦ·ЦҶС磬汿ΪԾЦˡ
ΪԾЦˡҶСһһɢ˿ϣҲĶߡ
ǲˣҲ˵屿ˡСŮźС˵
壬ûʲô֣ҶС¶Цʵ
ҽСССŮͷ˵
Сܺ֡ҶСһ⣬·СŮ˸ͨ͸һһָСŮüĵһ£һεСŮͥ㴫һԺҪú֪𣿡ҶСϴŵ΢ЦСŮ˵
ղСŮʲΪʺһֱӸ˳ȥ˲ӡҪȻ֪ʶܹСŮԴű
СԴгֵĶղŴģСŮգŴ۾֮ɫŨˡ
ţ²ҪκŶŬҪˡ˵һ䣬ЦЦȻվֱ壬СŮԴת뿪߶ӰģȻʧ
֣ôͲˡСŮͷ˵
ʱСŮĸ˹СŮ˹ȥһĳ谮֮ɫղλǲǼ򵥵ˣղ˵ʲô
е˶ܹˣҶСȻ¶ܹҶСܲ򵥣˸ղûȥš
ңҺúСŮĵ˵Ȼĸ׵Ļѿֺһֻˣ
Ůӣĸ¶˷ĵЦݡ
Ⱥɽ֣һɽ಻ƬؿޱȣѾ֮ʱˣȺɽûһ˿⣬һּΪĸо
һɽ֮ϣҶСȻĿԶһĻĻҶС·İͲ
ˣˣҪȻȫˡҶСӰʱʧ
ûöãҶСããϣһǧ֮Զ
ããûκι˼ɣ˫Ŀպϣת·ŭͬʱϵȫ˳ֱ
䣡ռһ֮
ꡭҶСһ΢𣬷·ĳֶһ㡣
񹦣͵߲֮ıĤˡ
ʱ䣬һɸΪƾ𣬷Բϰ׺·ʲôĶһ㣬ʼζȥ
һɺƴھ֮ϻص΢һЩǿǶܵһɺƴơ
ϰٹڣپ£ϵǷ·ܵʲôٻһ㣬һȲζ
ˡΧĿռ
֮γһ©״ӿҶСڡ
תӿ֮ȫΪ˾ЩһΪһֽ뵽չžһ־ת뵽ӤУʱӤѾɼҲǰģӣüë۾ӣҶСһģһ
һֽ뵽ÿһϸУ̼ϸķѣϸǿȣʣ뵽ÿһϸеıӰС
ʱʧҶСԽǿǹ໹Ǽ⣬ڵľޱȣ֮ǰ˲ֹʮҲڲӡ
ΪѾˣ·һûб¶κεļֻܹϵϢжϳʵ
ϵϢԽԽֲʵȻǲϵ·ֹһ㡣


1416 ֲ췣
ãã죬޹⣬¡¡֮𣬷·ǾףΪҶСͻƶ衣
ƴѹķ־ܵУܶ嶼ڲҶСͻƴı仯ֲ̫ˣǿ߶ˣĿԶ͸ҪͻƵ˵˭κһסǵĿ⣬ǸͿ͸
ֶһ֣ʱԿжһһݿ£Ҫײе˵ͷڷҡҷ·һܹˣƫƫĿޱȡ
֪Ǹ˵˭ǲǻĵߣи˵
ɣͻƺ֪ˡ
¡һ죬𵴣ӿ£˹·ƲĶһ㡣
˷ƶѹѹƲӰ˻ľݣããӿ·һֻֻӿޡ
ڷҶСӿϵƲӣԿóʵҲǣƲӿ֮ϸովۼƲɲǼ䱻ɢ
˰СʱҶСϵƲֹͣʵҲȶ
ˣ
о£֮ȫӿڣΧЩ۳ɵȫʧ˹ĺ⣬һжʧˡ

ҶС糤һһе㵭ĺɫʺϸ΢֮Ѫ
˫Ŀεų˴Īѹ
ΪѾ˵߲ڣѾȹоԼʵնɱʥسڵĸֲ£ʥ۷ĴڣǶ֣ǶԷնɱԼԼҪ뿪Էס
ܵڵҶС緢һɵ֮۵ɢ·һ顣
ʱҶСƵڣ·ŭÿһϸжȵǿѾﵽ˷˼ĳ̶ȣʱоԼǿѾҪﵽˣﵽͻƵĻֽᷢʵı仯
һԺֶϢ󷨺͸似Ϊ
ҶСͻƵʱʮʹߵʵҲǴȵͻƵʥ⣬˵ʵʥ۷壬ʥҲһ֮
ΧѾܹԲǧǰǿ˽ʮ
Ҫ췣ˣҲ֪һε췣жǿ󡣡ҶС̧ͷճīƺĺƣ
վգͦ·겻·ĵ죬ж̷ϵķһֳȻǿĸо
ͻˣ֪ͻƵǸ磿Ȼǿ͸
ҲʮڵĿռ䶼Ťһµˡ
عƣʵٶʥ֮ϡ
ԶעҶС׷˵
ʱҶСϵϢȫȶˣͿκεǳ·һͨһ㡣
¡
ʱ𶯣޾ĺѾۣҪ۳һʵ壬ͷ·һ޴ޱȣصĺɫγؼ䡣
ѹ£ն˺ܶ࣬·ֿɴƣһɿֲѹ£ˮܲסѹʱķȥһϾγһΡ
ΧЩеĸ֣һܹܵѹĿֲ
֮һɺƴĿɻһе־ҶС֣ص־
ꡭһڵƲг֣Ƴء
һӦһ㣬ǣһƲг֣·ζ
һɺƴƽ£һ޷֮ĸо췣ٳûнڲϵĻ
췣ȻôֲҲ֪ܲܶɹ
ֲ̫ˣ治֪Ϊ˺־磬Ȼܹôֲ췣
ϣܹɹ
۷׷ס
ҶСѾ㹻׼Ӧ췣ר־ڰƲ㣬ͲΧЩ֡
ꡭꡭꡭ
Ȼ䣬һ罵£û˿ףÿһ綼ͬһϸ˿ֲ
ҶСվգԡ׵ڣûһ˿ı仯Щ׵ڶ塣
һĻΧеǿ߲һ⻹ôôΪ췣ΪСһ㡣
粻һͷ粻Ͻ£һһ̺ǿ
ô£췣ôֹͣ
찡ɣôͣѾʮˡ
ͻʥʱ磬ÿͻһ㣬ô˵Ѿͻʥ
϶ǣһЩ׿׿֮ˣЩӦˣͻʱΪǿ췣˿˲򵥰
ֵĻ֣ܶĶҶС磬·´ʲô


1417 񹬳
ããһռϿգƾ£ʵޱȣһѹǳݵζ
޾ںߣ·Ϊ췣
һ粻Ͻ䣬ҶСվգ磬·ƿ֮ˡ
ѾʮˣҶСӰ˺ϡ
䣡
Щ翪ʼ˱仯Ϊ˸ָı׵γɵĻι췣ǰ
ʱҶСѾˣѾе֮ˣȻס췣
ϽһƬܶطѳһ˿ڣѪҺ
ٴν䣬ҶСϺܶطѪը˿¶ɭɭ׹ǣ·˿оʹһ㣬Щըѵĵطϸٷѡ
ڲϵƻ飬ö嶼ããУ˶ΪҪʱԾȻ
¡¡¡
һھ֮漴һָһϸ罵£һ罵ʱռ·ˣгѷ졣
䣡
ҶСٴҽããС
ʱͻȻռֹһռһȻ¶˳·Ǵ˿ռ併¡
ʲôѵγɵĹ
ԣһѵ췣˺˿ռ併ƺʲôǣ˹
ˣȷʵһ
ռ伱綯һӿռ䴩͸˹һɢһɲɣƴϢ
ҶСӺԾȻˣ첲ϵȶദطѾǰ׹ɭɭ
гֵĹʱһ𣬡ôأ񹬣
񹬣񹬡
񹬲һֱڵط𣿵׷ʲô顣
Χĸַ׷׽ĿͶ񹬣̺Ų⣬̰
Ծٶãã䣬ҶСһֻ˰׹һ֣һֲþ˺ϡ
ͬʱ˫лĻķգҶСͣʱԵƯ˺ϣ·һС
ꡭڶ׵罵£һ׵ֱӴ͸ҶС壬Ӥϣ·ǶӤǿһ㡣
ʱΧĸ֣Ѿٹע췣ҶСˣǽעϣȻ֪ʲô£ôǣǶ뽫񹬾ΪУպƹǺԼ췣ķΧ췣ǿɾͲˡ
˭еĵۻȥҪ⣬ǵȵ췣˵
ҶСͥУ۳ӤһҪɢˣУӤԽʵûжãҶСͻָӤǿȱǰʵˡ
ꡭһ罵£ٶȼ죬쵽ҶСӦ
䣡
ֲҶСܶطѪٴըˣҲһɲ壬Ӥֲ֡
ʱ֮ϣƱãЩһĺɢ·ûгֹһ㡣
ɢȥأǹɾ޴ѹҲ֮ʧ
ʱΧڶֶ˼ȻǶõ񹬣Ƕû˭֪ǲи֣︽
Լʮʱ䣬ҶСӺˮһԾվںϣʱϲĿ̶ãѪ
ͻȻһУľγһҶСӿȥ
˲ֵϸϷѣٶȼ죬ӵʱ䣬ͻָˣΪոƲŻָƣҪǻָ壬ҲҪĴ
ǡϸ΢ҶСϲѷ졣
ǡһƬӲƤ£漴ЩѷҶСһƤȫ£¶һ壬ӫӲӣһ֪ϵ
ҶСһץһУ仯·ȻȻĴϡ
ڵʵԸʥڵû⣬ҪһѾԱ֮꣬гֵϢҵʵһϵͽʵޱȵҶС
ͻȻ˫ĿбųεĹâ·͸գΧЩ֡
ĿһתͶ񹬣üͷ׳ʲô飬ô
˲ˣȽ񹬴ȥٽ񹬷ܲȫ
ҶСһ߳Ͽգһץγһֻ֣ɢ׼񹬾ʹȥ
ʱеЩҲ̲סˣǵȻܹĿ񹬱ҶСȥ
ռ΢΢𶯣ʮʥǿ֣߳վգҶСΧм䣬һɫĮȻĿҶС磬ҲɢŹ񹬡


1418 
λѣҲ̫ص˰ɣȷֵģ˵߾ܹߵġʱһ׷ԲԵǰ߳һ˵˫ĿϬҶС磬·ҪҶС翴ͨ͸ƾôҶСǿ⣬ͨûʲôֱ
һӾˡ
ôҶС˫ĿһɨųЦ
˯˾ͷһԼΪʲô磬Լֱ̫ʱˡ
໥һ£ĿͶߣȻѾͷȨߡ
ȷֵģȻӦǴߣȥǿԵʲô鶼ûзһһȵ̬ҶС硣
仰ҶСЦˣĿ¶һ˿Ϸʣ˵˵ǰѾ񹬣ѵ񹬹ǲɣ
ɫһ䣬ȵ
³һƬռģȷ֣͹ǡ
ǺЦ֪񹬺ĹռΪУ˵ôȻ˵ˣƾʵȡᡣҶСݺݵıһۡ
񹬿ǼΪֵĶΪܹõ֣һһūҶСٴ˵
죬񻹲һֻҪȥͿˣܱܲסǵˡһ˵ΪѾﵽʥ۷塣
ô˵ˣ߳ŭˣȻǲһҺˣ񹬳ҵȻܹǴߡҶСƽ˵ͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬˫Ŀкų
ˣ𾪵ĿҶС硣
Ҫ֪ǰ˼վ۷ʱǿ¶ûгԷѣôҲǰˡ
񹬾ǰǵȻôϣοԷһ˭֪ԷǼ١
˵Ѿһ˵أһ겻мĿһҶС˵
ǺǣǸʸ𣿾ƾ㣿ҶС˫Ŀųһɿµӿꡣ
ɫһ䣬ѿޱȣͷϺֱðԼϷ·𱳸˺üɽһɾѹ·Ҫѹ塣
ǡϷͷ춯
ۡһѪɫֽҡҡλΡ
ֿһĻͲֹǰͲˣһ񹬵ʱ򣬾ͻһЩ
ѡҶСƣ˵мĿһۡ
һٴһѪгԹ֮ɫݺݵĿһҶС磬ʹȥ
ֻʮˣʥصĸ֣ʥأʥصˣһʥڣʥڡ
һǿ󣬲ҶС粢ǡ
һѡ뿪ʱһƾɻɫ۵ɭȻ˵гŨŨɱ⡣
һʥڵĸֶѣȻҲ˵Ĵ󻰡ҶС粻м˵
ɫһ䣬ΪѾˣ˵ԷʵҲʥأɫޱȡ
˵Ϊʥڣܶ˶ԾԶ˵дһ˿ĵ⡣
ֻ˵ΪߣһնɱҶС磬˾ͻΪ񹬵ľС
пܣǶ뽫ҶСһնɱ
һ˵ܲУһأΪһ˵ܹԸôˣ˷ʵ
ߣΪأҶС練һ䣬˫Ŀɨ񹬣Ҿʹˣǲᣬ籾ʵ˵ǿΪ𡣡
˵꣬ҶСҲЩˣйâӿһķȥֱӴ񹬴ռ䣬ʵ̫̫ˣĿǰΪͰ첻ֻܹںǰȥ
ղ׷ԲԵλǡҶСȥһ·ϡ
ÿҶСĶߣը߶ߡ
˵𣬶жѪҺ
֪ҶСĶ֣ǣʱΪҪҶСô֣˱ֱվûóһ˿һ
ʵĻʹﴳȥ߿Ӳ
ã˵ġҶСǹҳһ˿̵΢Цǰ߳һռ𵴣ȦȦγɣӡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСĳһƣһɿµ֮бųһӿڡ
һ¶˲˼ɫͷ৵ĵ£漴һѪ£תۼʣһͷܡ
ҶСһ񹬼ǰжȥ


1419 ̫
ҶСһסеˣǶûпҶС緢һ˿ֻһƣ·赭д·ͨ˶ſҴһͨôһƣȻһʥ۷ǿ߹룬䡣
ôܣ
⵽ôһ£
ѵĳֹ򣿻һʵǴĹ켣
ų׵ľͨĳֹ򣬲㲻κҲԽɱһˣ˴Ĺ켣ҲһĳԷһǴĹ켣˭ܹԿ
ƺе㲻񡣡һ˵
˿ҶСԶȥıӰ۵
ҵʵȻͬҲ²ʥ£ͲҵĶ֣ʥسڣǿܹϼУʥмҪնɱҪһʥغڣܾ˵ľ棬ʥ۷ʱǶԷǣܣԷ赲סҶС뵽
ǿ϶ưոݣȽһ£һ͵͵ˡҶС˲ֹͣǰ˫лͥӤۺһķģЩķɳûܵա
ʱ䣬񹬾ʧˣ·ƾʧһ㣬Ϊ졣
һкҶС糤һǼ򵥵Ĳһ£Ƕôӵ顣
ʱҶС¶һ˿ЦȻѾ뿪ˣЩȴ߳һԶ񹬵Ƭռ䡣
ǲܹôˣһ񹬾൱ڶһ֣ο˭֪ʲôܶԷжôʼնһˣֻҪЭܹ˵ʥڵĸ֡
ֹ칥ô赲˹ߴۼǸȥ赲һ˵Ϊʥ۷塣
˶붼ʥ£ǵĵĲ޵ղһ涼ˣôܱΪԼġ
ԲչߴۼҪȻ֮οղѾˣΪλã϶ǼɵǵҪȻҶնɱˡʥڵ˹ƻ
һ⻰һȻǶͬһȥնɱҶС硣
ǵõô֣׼жʱһʵ
⻰һ˵ĿⶼͶʥڵˡ
˼һ¶һĨĹâ˵ǲһ֯һ񹬾ǴҵĹ֮ͬºҪٽˣܹùֻн
ӶԷĻвѿһҰġļƵˣ׼˵õ񹬺ƾԼȡһ룬ЩֻԼǿ˵⻰ޱԼռܴˣ˿϶⣬ʹ⣬ҲԸһӣԼʵ붼Ǹ죬ʱ񹬺ʲôֱ
˵Ļ˵Ŀⶼ
뷨ܺãǻټ˼룬彵ٵѹ϶ּǣʱǵĶͻѩһ׳󡣡һ˵·ѾԼȭ緢ĳ
ܶ˶뷨һ뵽˲Ѫڡ
ôףȲ˵ܻܲ񹬣ʹܹãûг򣬿ǵǿֻҪһ֣ǵͻֱ
ˣ
ˣߣȥ񹬡˺
ףôʧˣôģһҪץסͻȻһ˵ʱҶС罫ʱ̡
ߣһһ˿ŭ˵һʧԭأҶСڵķնȥ
ಡһӰʧԭأǱһǻѪȥ񹬡
ַڵѪնɱսϣһЩˣҲãȰڣһЩ̭֮ʡԺֱ
ҶС羲ںȴǵĵ
ռ΢΢˲䣬ʮվգҶСΧס
ǾӸµĿҶС磬·ûнҶС
û뵽㾹Ȼû뿪רǣ治֪ŻԴ󡣡ʥڵĿҶС˵
һ˵ĻûаնԸҶС磬Ͼղŵ췣ᣬԶɲȥ
Ծ֪ˣΪոͻƣҲʵĶǾˣҵĥʯҶС¶һ˿˲ЦݣЦ޵ɱ
㽫񹬲ˣ֪Ȥ˵ҪȻ˭ҲȲ㡣ʱһ긩ҶС硣
ǺǣҲ̫˰ɣ˵񹬵䣬ͻңҶС糰Ŀһۡ
仰˼ܼˣֻյ˵һĽ׳գɵơ


1420 նݳ
ҶС⻰ɫѿޱȣǺ죬·ǳѪһ㣬֪˼ǧ꣬Ȼ˵ǵܵˡ
ҧ˵˫ĿųǰĿռоһ磬˺ѿռ䣬ҶС繥
ҶС¶һ˿Ĳм·ûнԷһУָ΢΢һ̧һεķâ֮ŷһƬռ䶼γһƬеУӵĹҶС绯Ρ
ˣϬķâ֮ǰȥٶȼ졣
ãˡоһΣյϢɫһ䣬Ͻ
ۡٶվһ֣ιǲλ̳һѪѪ˿ϣķâ֮·Ψ᲻ҵıӣϵشϿչƻ塣
ҧ촽Ĭֹɷâ֮ɫ΢΢԰ס
һжڵʯ䣬ٶ֮죬է࣬ɲ˲𾪡
ֶΣΪһܹùô֣ʱΪʥڵĸ˵ƾմһӿ˸ղڣڲķâ֮
˶಻һͻʤҶС絭˵
ݡһƿƷâ֮
лм˵һ䣬ǲǲķâ֮һʵ̫ʵ̫ԵˣʵҪȫҪܶɣȻӰӿ£һ
޷֮͡ӻ˻֣ȵ˵֮ԷһҲ
˵꣬˫ĿըϬĹâһɿֲƱŷҶСѹȥһƴ£ΧĿռ·ˡ
䣡
˵ĶһʼΧʮ֣ͷųԼƣʮھ֮Ϲױã¡¡֮쳹պƵƬƬƲ㻯Ϊצ
ʮƣžǿĳҶСΧסһĸ֣һ£ʵͷӲҶС·ûܵ˿Ӱ죬һƵӡ
ƾǣһȺеļƷѡҶС˵ŭЩһΪԺ彵׼ͬද֣Ȼѡ
ҶС̧źݺһ壬һɾŷԲӿ˺档

ʱ䣬ʮˮ̺·ܹƬձ
Ϊһ
ȭķ
ۡ

ʮ˷׷׳ֹˮ赲ҶСĹԾԵѹһУҶСĶС
ʱҶС¶һ˿Цһͷʮɢʱ仯ΪεĹǵڱǵͱһһ㡣
ۡǵĹոγɣͻȻһѪ˲ƣ۳ɵĹɢ
ӲʥڵҶС繥ʱ򣬸о˲ԾϽˡ
䣡
Щ̺ſֲˮȫϣʥصĸ˲ըѪ׷ɣһƬѪ졣
˵屻ݺݵ׷˳һеѪϢһҶСٴγ֣Щʥصĸ֣ȫ
նҶСһ֣˿ֳͣ״һһɿµķâ֮ųա
·ǿռ䷢λƴڲϵĵӿɷâ֮Ϣɫ࣬Է
ۡʱ䣬ֱӱҶСֳ룬ʬ·½һ˺ӶҶСĹ
ʥسڵĸ֣Զ˲ʣأʥظʧȥĳһ֣첲ȡ
ʱǲǼʶҶСʵĿֲ֪ԶԶҶСĶ֡
ӡֻͷܵľǸղŲǰ󷢺Ըһˡ
ûˣҶСǣѾˣսĻûˣʱܺʱܡ
Ҳķȥ
˿뿪㲻СҶС˵ǰ߳һ˲ʥڵĸǰ
ʥڵĸͣ΢΢һĶҶС˵ҪϾɱ𣿡
иϾɱδȻпɱͳޣնݲ紵仰Ӧף˭һԼصǱԼߣ˵ԭһ˲ҲˣһңɡҶСҡҡͷŶԷ˵̬ȼ
ӳĬһұ֤㱨𡣡
ֻ˭˵Ȼ˺⣬ֻˡҶС˵漴һĳûһ˿ԥ


1421 ǳ
һ࣬˸͸ܲޱȣ·ͨӳƣеһΣոоΪһƲǸ̬ѡ
ԸԸղϬޱȵĹҲԸ޻һģ޴Ĺ
Ǻӡ˴һȭƾԼĸоġ
ȭͷӶƬ𵴣޾ӿһһΪ˺۶ȫŨȭͷϡ
ȭͷǰĿռ䣬һƬ죬㷱ܲÿһǳ޾۶ɵġ
Щǳĳֹ켣תһһƬ챬˿ֲҶСǻصһеĹơ
ҶСһ˿Ĵһַֻâ֮նգǴعһк£ͶԷĺƵײһ
ûзıը֮һƬƽͣǹڣԷĹʱɢΪ˴ɢ
ҶСһѾŶԷӿȥ
һĻӾˣԼǿĹȻԷ赭дһƽˣʱŸоԼҶСֱӵĲࡣ
ͻȻ䣬˫Ŀһ˾޴ΣУϽŤˣȻһӿĸ첲
ǡϸ΢ӶʱԼұۣһ˺ѵʹѪɫƲֱۣѪˮ
һƬһƬѪ£·巢˱һ㡣
һĻһԷĹ̫̬ˣһƾȻܹ첲ڸоһƻ塣
תֹļƻȻֻܹѹƣܹ
תơӴһһִֻһȭѾ֪ҶСǳ׵ĲŹˣ䴦ˣع
ķγһУʱ䣬ֲۣγâ·Ƿһȭͷǰˡ
ЩĹһתţ·һϵ
ЩתһɿµΰŷҶС˹ȥ
ԷĹҶСгһ˿ľȣû뵽ֹʽ˫Ŀޱȣ۲ŶԷһİڡ
Ȼֵ²ͣǷâ֮ıųҶСѾ˽һֵع÷â֮ն˿ߣһϵеķӦӶĥԷĹⶼġ
һΣԷŷĿΰȻ⣬ȻһӿҶС磬ҶСʵޱȣ赲ûκεš
ʱԷȭͷȻǰƽЩĲתһɹΰӿ·ԴԴһ㡣
ԼûȫҶСƽ⣬дϲ˵ƾһ̣˴նɱҶС磬û
¡¡ÿռ飬ϸ΢Ŀռѷ֣ķγһ籩Ƭй˻һеĺХˡ
ơҶСֱ֣£һɷâӿ۳ʵʣն赲ķâ
ɲǼ䣬ܿռеȫɢγգǰĿռֱӱи롣
䣡
ҶСķâͶԷһ಻һȭӿΰײ˻֮޾ˮ졣
һڵĺˮֱڣ˷·ǲڴ򶷣ڽ
ҶС󻬶Ум˳˽ʮס
һ˭ǿ˭һӱˡ
ۡһѪȭͷǰ˵ϵˣѾҵϣһϣȻܹϵ顣
ҾۡӷĺһѪɫ
¡¡
پ£ռ䶼ڲ
ҶС粢ûг֣˫о䣬۲ŶԷĹ
£ʵڶԷȭͷǰ˵Ŀռ䣬ЩҪϵ»ָâʵ̺һذ
ҲԲù˫Ŀͨ죬·Ƿһ㡣һȭҶС˹
âΧһתһְһɹɿµӿ·ƾյĿ
ҶСӸˣĵԭˣӾȻģ˾֮ǳתʵѵã˹ķʽһԼģʱһһ
ǳиԵĹ켣ǰһתǳγСϵСϵγɴϵĴϵγ˴ϵ޾Լ㣬ùҲ޷㡣
Щ޾Сϵж̺ŰתᱬһҲһ㣬γصĹ


1422 ʵǿİ
ȻѾ͸˶ԷĹʽҶС˵ĹѾκвˡ
ҶС罣ָ̳â֮ŷϬޱȣ̴ܹһС
һâ֮һӾʹǹɺƵΰȭͷǰ۳ϵȥ
ݣ
â֮һӴ̽ĹУûеЩŷΰâ֮飬ҶС罣ָĪĹ켣Щתȫˡ
䣡
ϵ˿µΪһƥķȥΧĿռѣһϸ΢ѷ֣֩
ȵŰ˷ӣ˹
ɺƴУҶСҲòݱܣοԶһƬ
ۡϵӱԼ۳ĹˣһѪϵ·ȫΪޣϰ׹ɭɭѪ¡
ݺݵ׷˳ȥ֮ԶصããС
ҶСֳʽǰ̳ĿռУһͨǰ߳һ˲˸ղӵ󺣵Ƭ
һץһֻ޴ֱγɣ̽˴С
һʱ䣬ӾͱҶС˳ǿ־Թ
Ȼˣܹжղŵ䵽׼ܣ֪ûӳãͱҶСץסˡ
㡭ۡӶҶСո˵һ֣ȻһѪ
ղŴһԼĻǴѧģҶСһɹƬռȫ֣˫Ŀйâѯʵֲݾζ
֪Цһ˵Ǻ⡣
㲻˵Ҳ֪ҶСһһһӾ͵ҶСǰҶСָԴϣһӿӵͥ
ӵʱ䣬ҶСַӵһӱˣҲһ
ѾӵԺеõõϢǵȷʵģȴԴһ伮ǳؾ
ⱾҪ䣬ǳй켣һЩ򣬿˵һרǳоĵ伮
ⲿ伮еҶСѾԺеõˣ׼úоһ
ǱȻγеĹ켣Ͱһȭһ⣬֣Ҳ˷ѡҶС̾һ˵
ҶСŵķһ£ǳؾǳо붼оһ󣬴һЩϸ΢Ķоܹ
Ȼ˽ǳеİأ϶似ȵȷ涼кôԲǸһ㣬Ӳף³ˡ
ҶС˫ĿͻȻųâԶĿռ䣬˵ôҲó˰ɣ
ǲǰһնɱʮʥֵҶС磬ȻҶС֮⣬ռ΢΢ĵһӰͻأ֣һƤµӣڷ裬Ϲâת̺ſµĻ
˫Ŀ磬ܹգһɲعʵŨüһſͰԵ
˵ʸҶСһϤĸоȻҶСûмǣϵҶСԼһʱȴ벻
һȭҿʵ˫ĿбųϬĹâ·̴ܹ˵顣

Ӵһǰ̤һ¡һض·һȦȦµĿռ䲨ӶȥҶС˿ɣʥصĸֳڿռ䲨ƵķΧڣҲѪ׷ɡ
ȭգԸԵĹͷĥȭͷΧĿռݺݵĲ
û˿Ļɣһȭռѣֲľӿ˿ռ䣬޾ľ£ȭ棬۳ϰɵĹâԶԶȥ·һŭҶС籼
һȭƣǶôµʰһˡ
ҶС絥һ٣â֮첲ֱ۷·ǻһĳ
նεķâ֮ŷʮɣΪķâܼ֮ѷγɡ
ҶСȫһâ֮ն˹ȥ֮׷ã·ռ䶼ƶҶСĹ
䣡
ײһ𣬱ŷ˿µΰʱ䣬һڶĿռγɣ޾ȫ˽ȥˮϰ׸ߡ
ˣȻпֲķȫƺƵ·Ҫⷽա
Ȼ˾·µıŰУȻ˼ʮס
һ˵ҶСռһˣϾҶСõ߻档
ӵΪѾʥغڣǣʵԱһʥغǿǿ󣬴ϾܹһЩ


1423 ֵ
ãҶС磬һһˣѾԽЩϼһȻֲӵƵҰƺӵһ˿˷ܣ·ֵ˷ܣҲ·ǿһ󱲳ɳ˷ܡ
˷ˣҶСȴѻѣǷŵ˭ϣһİ˵͹Ĺвɱ⣬ǲˬ
һСҶС˵һѾǰʮ׵ĵط
ת˫֣˫ַ·ΪˮɫӨ͸˫ոԻÿһֻֻĹ켣ͬ໥֮ȴһȦȦƴ˫ּ䷢·ҶСȦȦƵĵ㡣
һɹϢӡ
һ˿Σȷʵ˷ܡ
ӵʱѣҶС˫лĵ켣Ȼ˫ǰȻһƣͿκҶС˫ӿӿռ΢΢Ĳ΢仯ķ֣ҶСĹȷʵˡ
ҶСһǡִͬܣǽƽ񹦴ԼֹȴܾˣҶСַֿвͬͬʱ
ʲôôǰδδš˫Ŀ˵
޻һĹеΪ͵ĺˣ֪Ҫ赲赲ˡ
֮£ҲҶСǵʲô͵ĹȭͷգһȭǰĿռ䡣
¡¡ϴȭﵽ˿µزͨ˿ռ䣬ÿռ䶼Ϊ֮
ҶСĿԼĹһһ㣬ɢˣһѾĥˣ˿ռ䣬һӿ˹ȥ
ʱͻȻ䣬Ӱһ󣬾࣬ҲûиղϬˡ
ǡӲϾȻѳѺۣѪһӱΪѪˡ
ʲôʽʱŸоһɹڸƻǹƻϸṹ·һ㣬Ȼ󶼷ˡ
ιҶС磬ͣ£ϽֹͣĹԼ忪ʼѪ⣬סϽеͬʱǹ
ҶСһһͷЩͷɢ˿ûɢڿС
ûʲô˺¶һȣ۵һĵزǾܹ˺ˣ壬Ǿ
ǶѣûжӰ졣ҶС絭˵ղżʹ֣Ҳı䵭Ҳûʲô
˵ĵɣҪԿм˵Ѿָ͸ղһģһҶС֪һЩ
ǴвҶСƤһ˵
꣬һμĹòƺĲһӴֵߵҶСǰ˵һ˫Ŀ·ҪҶС翴ͨ͸
ҶСû˵
Թ˵Ǹղŵһˬ죬ӾϲһĶԺ䣬жѪжҪԣȭͷô
˫ĿޱȣֿҲҶСǿ
õڶķԺ䡣ҶСǹһ˿΢ЦһĨɫ
ΪʲôӲʵ
ΪηҪȭͷԺ䣿
Ϊˬ졭
Ҿõڶˬ죬˷ʤ

һƣ漴ɫһ䣬һЦҶС磬ȻĹˬ죬ǣҿ㻹ͦ˳۵ġ
˳۲˳νֻҪԼԼ˳۾ˡҶСƲƲ˵ͻȻһ⣬ǰ䳤ʲôϵ
Ǳ㿴䳤Сͽӳտ֪ǿѹһʶʶһֱûлᣬԽԽˣӶе㲻ţһ֪洫ЩѾΪȥˣʮ꣬ȻΪ⻹ЩϼһƵ˵
ˡҶСǺһЦǫ˵
Ҫǫ飬ֵǫαˣţԺֱӽҵ׾У߽һҲԡ
ǳһɣô˵ҲǰҶСЦЦ˵ҲˣǸΪˬ溺ӣûаΣֵýá
ҵռˣܹʶôһʸֵܣҵĸһЦƬռ䶼Ц
Ȼֵˣ˵ֻͼˡ
ҲˬˡЦЦһ˿˶ʵֵܣʶ
һν飬ɱ룬֮ûʲôҶСϽ͵һ롣
;Σֳףٺ٣ȻˣֳҾͲˣҪˣǧҪȥˡ˵
Ȼ磬ֻǶ٣ʲôĻ໥֮仹ϵ
ֻ˵Сӣϲ⣬ûд׺˵СͽǸɶֻҵǼǵá
˵ţһ֡
ҶС罫ֻ˵ʲô飬ʹ绰ֱƬ򣬴һС
СʱҲͦˬġľŤŤαˡ׵һܴ󣬻صƬء


1424 
Ͱһ󣬰׾뿪ˣոմʮ߳ȥѰһĲҩǡÿ¡
ȻûмҶС磬ȴطҶСƬҶСΪ֮ʱ׵ˣû뵽ҶСٶȾȻ֮죬ֱѾһ񻰡
֮£д˼ȻֻУѾ֪ҶСʵ֮¡
ӢϧӢۣ˽ύ֮⣬ҶСҲһԷ䣬Ǹɿĺӣֵý˭٣
ȥҶС֮ǰ񹬵Ƭա
һͷûյЩȫˣռ΢΢šƴ󡢱¶˳
Ҳ֪ǲСҶС˿񹬾޴İɫţһץһɾ޴ȻһƬжȥ
ǧľ룬ҶСʮʱ䣬Ҫһ˲䶼ˣ񹬾Ͳһġ
ɼǳĲϺͶϡޱȵĲƶɵģޱȣһʥŲƶҶСͻƣһֺŲƲ
󷨿ҶСվգ˫ĿεĹâų˫лһɢǰձ˿һ޴ͨȫҰ֮С
ǽ񹬰ŵɣҶС˫У޾ƥų·״ץ
Ϊʵ̫ˣڿյٶȺҶС缸ǷѾ˾ţ֮Žƶŵĵش
һУҶСͷ϶˺飬оһѣû뵽񹬾ȻôأҪʹ۰һö񹬣ٶҪʥء
ҶСһָһȻ񹬵ĺİɫš
ڲ˸󷨣ҶСͲܹ룬Ҳܹȷʲô
𣿡ҶС緢һһ㷴ӦûС
׷ʲô飬ôͻȻãã򣿡ҶСһɻĸΪҲֻȼ˶ѡ
ѵǣҶС뵽
¡¡¡ʱͻȻ䣬һһɫâɢͼ·ǻһ㣬ȰɫľŻ򿪡
һϮɫȹվſڣм԰ףе΢΢ļ͵ģһͷɫΪȻһ˿Ļ֮
ôң濪˵
ôأǺܳԾˣҶС¶һĨЦ˵Ȼ˹ȥ
Ͻɣ̫ϳǶŲסˡ˵һ˿ƣ
ҶС룬¡һ޴İɫʯŹرˡ
泤һ񹬵ĴҪǺ֧ţؼ񹬵ķ󷨣ûͬ⣬ûܹ񹬡
ĵӣͬԴܹǿ򿪡
ʲôˣôҶ췣ʱ֣һŰɫϣҶС粻ѯʵ
ʦˣڱչءǰ죬Ҳʥ̵ǰ򣬴Źɽʦս̵ˣ͵ϮʦʦˣΪ˷ֹʦ󷨣ҪƶطƶУʦˣ񹬴޾ޣܹˣǡ췣һռѱ䣬񹬴޾߳͵
ҶС˵ͷһЦ˵Ҷ췣ʱ򡣡
š˵ͷ
ôҶСѯʵ
ڻ״̬һݵ˵
ܴܲȥҶС˵
û˿ԥҶС紩һɫɢ»ԵŻ
߳һţһȣȳ˹ŵζԵӺͳȶͼ
˸Ĳҩҩζӿһڣˬ·Ϊһ˿
ûиҩҺҶСѯʵ
ûУʦ̫ˣܲסҩ浣ĵ˵
õģܻа취ġҶС簲ο
һ߹һããһ峺ĺиĳΣһЩ̺Ӵ
ӺϵһС߹Լ˶ʮʱ䣬ҶСһµԺС
򿪷ţ˽ȥڣߣΪһɢɰɫâ֮ϵ
ҶС粻ȥֻ˫Ŀպϣɫ԰ֽѾûкļϲƣѪ鲼ϣ·һ
һĻҶС粻һ϶ôصˣοڲ
̫ˣڣܶͷȫѣҲҪָѶȺܴ󡣡ҶСüͷ˵
ȷʵܴĿǰֻܹά˵һ׷ԲԵ˵
ʶҶС磬񹬿ʱ򣬴ڣߵıеһ˾֪ҶСĹϵܺãˣҶСҲȽϿ


1425 Ϊ
ԡҶС˵ǰһüͷ΢塣
㣿׷ϸȥҶС磬ǵ˫Ŀ˰ɫâ·ҪҶС翴ͨ͸
ôܣ׷߳Ծ˵ǵΪѾָʥ۷壬Ȼ͸ҶСΪʵ̫ˣǵãҶСʱΪСޱȣתۼѾǿˣ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬˶άûעҲ֪ҶС췣飬ΪҶСΪеܳԾ
ԡ͸ҶСΪߵ˵ͷ
Ŀָվһ
ҶС˰ɫɢŵĹεĴǰһţһεɢ
ǹСڣ޸ơ
Ϊڵ̺̫֮ԵʣڵĻļˣϸе΢СѾʼתˣһõĿʼ
ҶСΪ񽫶ѵľϣҪ֪ǹ·Ҫ֣·߲ͨ϶ǲеġ
ôôصˡҶС˵Ǻ˶սҲܽ˳Ǹӡ
ƣԺΪӰ졣
ʱľ΢ע⣬ͻѣҶССžһҪܴġ
˰ʱ䣬ҶСŻӺ˾ոӺãһɰɫԶת˿ռ»֮ա
ˡ¶һھϲͼҶСͶһмĿ⡣
ȵϢһ£һΪˡҶС˵һ䣬ȻߵһߣĿ
ʱΪ»֮һָ
һʱ䣬ҶС罫һƻָĳɣʣµľҪԼָˡ
ڻ״̬òһʱͻָ
лСֵܣҪ㣬˻֪ʲôʱȬ߳ķ߸м˵
лһС¶ѡҶС絭һЦ˵
ԺСֵʲô飬ǣһᾡæ˵
ǺǣðֻҪǲ鷳
һ֪Ȥ뿪ˣֻʣҶС߶
һ𣬺þöû˵˴˳Ĭţ·֪˵ʲô
ջҶСƽܹ֪淢飿
ţһΪҪһֱĬ濴ҶСĿԹ˵
Ǻǡôأֲưͣ
⻰ų˲绨Цݣû뵽ǻֳм棬ǰ˵һģû뵽ķʽ
ԵְɣҶС粻Ծ˵һ䣬˵󣬶ʱ仰е㲻ףŤͷȥֻһ覵Ϸһ˿ĺΡ
ȷʵԵ֣ԵֵʹȻ㣬Ȼʦ˽졣һ˫Ŀ¶һ˿˺˵Ļ
ôϵ˴˾һĸı䣬һı仯ⶼеĻ򡣡ҶС˵
ˣ˵˵ž˵ֳĶ˵ͦԵġ潿ĿҶСһۣ漴ϵɫָѯʵǧڻðɣ
ţͦõģʮĥôȥĥһ£ҶСѯʵ
һʱ䣬ҶŬʦڵĹ似ûʱȥε˵
ĻȥһҲ죬ﲼһ󷨣ʱʮһĹϵ㻹ܺǧҶС˵
ʮһʱû뵽Ȼôõĵطʵ¹ҲֿʱٵĵطȱһҪĶ󷨲ܹ
˵ţ潫ĿͶҶС磬¶һ˿ɫ֪ǸһϣŮӣʺȥ𣿡
ʲôʺϵģŮӲ֣ɱ룬ܶ඼ҵѡҶСϽ˵룺òǧ˵ʲô
ҿӦúѣܶŮ˲Ŷԡ涢ҶС˵
ȥ˾֪ô¡ҶСһЦ
ȥʵ
Ȼˣǻм٣
һʱɣʦƺԺȥ뿪˰ɣ
ţҸոлȥһ˳㽫ٲһºҪˣӪһ̵ĴӪܸоġҶС˵ͷ
ͷȻҶСߵſڡ
ʱϰɫâתһ»֮·ӿ뵽˰ɫĴϡ
¡¡Ŵ򿪡
ˣʱǵùҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ߳񹬡
߳ſڣ񹬵ĴպϣеĲԹ
ҶС΢̾һն𣬳˸߿գ졣
Ź֮ԳɣֻҪٽе󷨲ƣһ̵Ĵܹˡ
ҶС粻ô򵥵Ĳã׼ǳؾеĶӦϡ
ͻƣԺг˺ܶණǹ󷨵ģ׼ЩȻʱãһȶι̵ĴӪ


1426 ĸ
һϣϼڣ뵣̹תֲҩ˼ɾ
һ䣬һܰ㵴һʫ续ľ¡
һУһʯ·ϣռ΢΢ζҶСӰͻأ֣һɵľҶСһ
澡ܿƽǿɢһɸࡢŰҵϢսҪٵı֡
彵Σߵ£˿ʼУѧǸ˵Ĵˣʱ䶼ϡ
ԾŸǰУѵ׷𣬺ܶӶھ˳ҲڷЩӣ׳
һʲô似ֻܹڼ֮˵ȫˣֻҪʵϺõ츳ܹõЩص
Ҳûа취İ취ǲôܻô׼˭֪ǧ󣬿ľһˣЩһ¾ҪȴΪʳȡˡ
񣬾÷˵ѾھʾѵѧԱЩѧԱУھϰӢѧԱ֪дڵǱжôǿ
ռɢһɷ·صʷǰĻĹϢֻһƬռ䣬Ͱϵķɡ
ʱһϣֻмλ˲ǽʮھǽ
ԼĸΪѾؾ磬ûнҶСһЦǶϣƽ͵ǿпޣֻеŻзֳ嶯ˣǣֻҪǸ˾УԶһƬ
ҶСһ߳ʱǰ棬Ȼ˽ȥɨֳŮͶʮԱŬΪ͵ѾأߵΪʥ۷塣
ʮںʱ󷨵໥ϼֱһǵΪҶСѾˡ
ʱĿǰ˵ɵеСҶС翴˿У
Ҫü󷨣롣
˿˵ҶС뿪ˣص¥ĿС
ʱûˣ˶ڳУҶĿֵвסһ߲ˣϹ
裬һˡҶСߵſ˵һ
ӵæеĻúõĴŶӣ˻ˣЦݲϣѦ񷼺ҲЦݡ
Ϊͻ𣿡ʵ
šҶС˵ͷﻹϰ߲
ʲôϰߵģѾˣҪӦġЦ˵ô˵ģҶСȻоĸеĸӡ
裬ʲô¾˵ɣҶС翴Լĸ˵
ûʲô£ͦõġЦ˵ϵıͿκεĶߣҶС粻񹦣Ҳ
裬ܸо£ӵΪʲô첻ģҪϵǣҲ취ժҶС翴˵
⺢Ӿ˵ҪϵǸʲô簮ĿҶС˵
С磬ʱûУʵ
Уô裬ʲô£ܷԸˡҶСЦ˵ţԼĸ״ż򣬾֪Ѿͻ죬׶ѾʹˣȻᴷТ
ǧ˵彵ٵʱѾԶˣɲԽ˶ӹżǸӣѩЩŮĸĸҲҪӹܲ˼ҵĸĸ棬̫ȫˣǰһʱ䣬˾ϵǣֻһֱæţҲû𡣡Ŷӣһǳ˵
裬ģ飬һ׵ģһʱæЩ鶼ˡҶСЦЦ˵
Ҿͷˣ˺˾Ͷˣ˶˵һ㡣һ˵
룬ҶС翴Լĸ˵裬׼ǵһСϸסôˣ㣬ҲǧĶ
һʼҶСֻ׼һһˣ󷨲õıȽϾܡӴʣǺܶ࣬ô˸סοڶŮӣܲ㣬㽫һԼ˽˿ռ䡣
ȻһҲŹ󷨵Ŧ𵽺ҪãˣҶС粢е˶ס
ҲãʡӰǵЦЦ˵ѾŮĿ֪Χа˸죬һŸ죬ѾһƬֱ˴ˡ
ԼĸͬҶСһ
ĥţڼСнһһͨ󷨣Ҫȥͷܶ࣬ػشԽ󷨡
ҪҶС罫ԺгֵϢȫ͸
裬׼ʲôʱҶСѯʵ
ԽԽðɣֻҪ彵֮ǰһжúá˵
Ǻðɣ裬׼һºҾȫҪһЩ׼췿֮ģͦ鷳ġҶС˵
˵ͷͬ
̣ʲôݵĻҲһɣһ˲⡣ҶС翴ɺѦ˵
϶¶˸֮ɫ˵ͷ
ƽ½ڻдѧһվҪǧٿ飬ֱҪǮ


1427 컯
ͼһһٷҶСͿʼһһĲ󷨣ȻǽԭȲóֵ󷨿ϸ
Щ󷨱һϵ󷨼˲٣ӦҲȻһ£ⶼΪһܹõؿƸСԼ󷨡
ҶСΪ󷨶˵ֵһʱ䣬ͲúһС󷨣һɣСһһ֣໥ӦҲ໥ݡ
ڶʱҶСո׼ڶŵϲ󷨣ͻȻ䣬ռ΢΢𵴣һӰǰѲõ
һϮ£վգ·ب£ࡢ䡣
ôҶС΢΢һЦʵ֪վͻѹûнרŵȴ
ɣлл㡣һƽ˵¶һ˿м
лǿˣֻҪ㲻Խ񹬰ҵСϾУ㲻ĻԺС͹ˡҶС˵
˵ͷͬ
ͬ⣬ҶСһϲһλְܹһ𣬶вСİӪҲӼʵ
񣬵׷ʲô飿ôôصˣҶСѯʵ
ҶСʻ˫Ŀбų»ԣִӿбųǿɱ⣬񡣡
ȻҶСĹâҫûн͵׷ʲô飬ҶСҲûпѯʡ
ˣܻġ񵭵˵ɫˮ·һ˿ı仯ҲûС
ʲôûУûеĻҾȥָˣʲô飬һУѾˣҶС˵
ȷʵһ飬֪ʲôҶС˵һ䣬һӴָȡһöɹöɹƣҷ֮ɢ˸ܵǿҩ·ú󣬾ͻӵв˼
컯ɹˮɫڱ˱䣬¶˲˼֮ɫ
ҶС粻֪⵽ʲôЧǣ컯оͿԿöɹΪ
һڣ˵컯֮컯ۼ̺֮ĪйƬֻҪһãΪӴ˴ʥûκƿͻҲʲô£˵컯תأܹ˴ﵽ񾳡
ôֲҶС粻˵ֻҪϵͻ񾳾֪컯˫ǼΪ
컯ΪľǹƬ˹Ƭ÷õ˸ĽӴ򣬺֮ܶνƿǲܹͻ񾳣ԭû͸Σ컯ܹı˵ʣ˵ʸأٶȴӣ˵ֻҪǷ컯ˣһɳ졣ٴν͵¶֮ɫû뵽ҶС羹Ȼܹõɹ
ö컯ʮзֵġҶС˵һ䡣
ֲãҲֻ۲Żôֱʣ϶ΪЩ׼ġһĨâ˵
һööɹƾͻȫתͻơҶСһӣе컯˳ȥɵǰ
͸ңǰ컯΢΢һ㶣ȻĿͶҶСʵ
ô᲻ãҪòܹԳļֵлöһоö컯ҵõöҶСЦЦ˵
Ǻøô˵δ߾λ񾳸ˡ˵зһ»ԣ컯͵ҶСǰ
ô㲻ҪҶС粻⿴˵
ûжãұ񾳸ֻ֣ҪȫָȻܹ񾳣Ҳǰװ˷Ѷѣο컯Ҫˮлǻĸ֣ЧΪͻƽ˵
ҶС粻Ŀ⣬͵Ե컯ҪһıǵʺԣӾͻװ˷ѺܶҩοԿ϶һ˳񹬵˶»֮컯˵ûʲôãǸߵ˷ðɣ
ĻҶС˵ͷȻ컯ս˴ָС
㻹֪ô컯ɣҶСѯʵ
ȷʵ֪ҶСһЦ˵
컯̺żΪֱֲӷã֮˿϶ըɷĩҪϡĲҩͣˮ˺;лˣҪĵͲҩҺͬЩҪĲҩ񹬴󲿷ֶӵУΨһȱһζҩټǸʱҲǼΪϡĲҩüͷ˵
˵컯޷ãҶСһơ


1428 ı仯
Ҳܹô˵ҩ棬ЧϿ϶ܶ࣬ڷ컯вСΣԡ˵
ǸǱҪѰҵˡҶС˵
ͨ֮أȥҿܲҵõҪˣҵĻңָǷ컯˵
ǺǣлҶСЦЦ˵
ÿɢŵԵȻô䣬ЩСϵ󷨶㲼õģ
ңһСֶζѣ϶㲼õġҶСǫЦЦ
Ҷһ;ĲǺ˵Զˣڵ󷨵ĲþͽˣȥָˣʲôҪһС˵һ䣬»һӾʧԭء
ոڵĵطҶС컯ǸöܹһöҲһöһöø˭
ˣʱ˵ȼӽʱгֵ֪ʶҶС˵һ䣬˾ʧˣʱǰȻ˽ȥ
Ѱҵһط˫Ŀպϣȫë׹رգֹգҲΪ˷ֹ󷨵С
󷨵ĺУ
ʱϾʱˣ߹ٸũˣǵĶһֽŵ˶֪ʱ¡
ºҪˣй˵ĸְ汾Ѿ˿ʲô˳һԴǵĿƼǳʲô˾һӰȥ٣һʱҥɡ
ԴӼǰȫƹ󣬸طϷЩΪҪˣһܻ硣
ЩǰﷸһЩ־ᶨĸ֮ˡ
ģֶζǵһʱѪȷ磬ÿ춼Ųɱÿһ˵ߵ۰׹ǡ
㷽ճҷ̨ÿСĳ鷢ÿһδĶɱ¾
Щ飬һֻ۱һֻֻۣҪ˼޹߲ɴĶңǲܵģΪûа취
ȫƹʱѾ֪ңҲһʵھкѹ£˵Ϊܹٵͻơ
һУһĴУͼУͬеĹƴȨ˳Ϊ볹׵ռС
治ɳļ˶ѣһһҹͱˡ
Դº󣬸طĵ֪˷һȣֻҪƿĵŴû˹㡣
ʱ򣬷Ȼռأÿ˸ᣬϾĵֻҪЩһ֣ʲô⣬ȻЩһֲŲ׵Ķ顣
ˣȻףһЩ߸֮ȻôĲ
彵ٵѹڣһЩС˻γɣЩ˴ŸָĿںţľۼ׳
֮Ҳ໥սЩ飬ҲᣬѾеˡ
ûʲôǰͰھӢѵṩԴͻơ
ЩˣǸûзûи򣬲߹һ㣬ѾЩ˵룬ҪȸʱˣǻֱӿЩˣĿǰ˵ڻĽ׶Ρ
˵ҸΪңѪɱ¾ΪףЩйϵ
ݹڶУֻеΪĴĶ£ûʲô˸ҷһ˱ᱻѹ
ŸΪϰٱʮڵĴڣڶûʵս顣
ÿһ죬жһ仯ĴһƽʢһʢĵŵҲǺڰ֪öӢۺܣ콾һʱʧڹʷС
һһѹֵĳգеĳӰƬء
ĸطУĵķضΣƶڵƫƧضΣҵ֡СԽֵȵȣ·ϵ˶˺ܶࡣ
ǰһ¸ûа취ȽϣЩΪΪ彫Ҫٵԭ
ķʢеľý䵽ʷ͵㣬С͹׷׵գĹֻЩʵǿĴŻ֧š
ܶͷԵļͷˣʼ˹תͣǷ׷׳ʲôʲôҩҺ޹˾ĶǶаҩҺ
ӥܵƼʼ˶о罫˼άĳӣĻܵѵ
ܶҶо
Ƽ͵Ĺ˾ܵĳСܵľǷزѾҳ˭˼ȥ򷿣ǸǮũ
֮ܶһƼᣬƼ֧Ϊо


1429 
һսҵʱҲһ彵ʱ֪жӢǣҲ֪ж׿Խ֮
һʷȺӵʱǰֻķϣͲÿƼƼĽϣʷдԻ͵ƪ¡
ȻⶼҪ಻Ϊ
ϷɽܣɽһһƬ뵵£ԵüΪ·ŵľ
һʵɽϣһɫۡɢŨŨѪͱ֮Ӿվ
Ѫɫâɢ˵Ĺâ
Цȴĵʼ֮㡣ҧ˵ϾǺ⡣
Ǻ־ǿΪѾʥأٶ֮զ࣬Ҳ֪һʱʲô
ǰҶСĺ޽ЦǸĶļһ
˭Ҳܹ˵ıѣǱ֮󣬻һѵӡ
־ǿһǰװ磬Ѫɫȥһɫۣ·Ҫ¿ʼѪӰצ
ʱһɽ£һɽϣһȺ˳һֳߣЩ˶ΪĵˣС
Щ˸ʮ˾ĸ֣ЩһɢһѪ֮һ֪ĳѪҺĹҲ־ǿĹͬһ붼֪ǽЦڸǵġ
ͺ־ǿͬǵüĴһѪɫߣһ߷·Ŀǵüģ͸ͥһǽЦǵĽܹЦȺ־ǿթȫ˵ɥĲ
ߡôôĥ䡭һĶǰһĸһ˵˫ĿɭȻ⡣
Щһ鱯ߣŭԣл¶һ˿Ŀ־塣
Ƕ︽ˣЩ̵ĸһţ֪Ҫȥʲôһ·ϣ˷ܣǵʵ̫ˣȫѪѹˡ
εķ޹ǶˣţȻ֪ȴǵĽʲôǣĿǰ˵Ƕǻŵġ
ѰġʳˣӦһˣ֪˻ʹЩʲôһصĸзڴ˷ܵĹâ˵
ߣʹ͵ٶһġʳࣿһһܲ˵Ѱҡʳ죬ܹõʮʹͱǵĿͲ̫ԶˣңҶ뵥ˡ
ʮţֻԺ˵ѵ˴ôͷЩ˵𣿡ʱһָ
󣬱Ϊʮŵĸִһ¶˿־֮ɫȻһ˿Ĳ
ʵѾˣֻҪѰһЩʳǾܹʳˣÿλǴ似Ѿ㹻ˡʮŵ˵
ǰܲЩļһɺܶ࣬ʱһСĵ˴ˣû
Ҫǡʳʱˣǰһõطһ촽˵в˷ܵĹâ
ԼһľһϿȣ߶Ǹʵɽ壬ΪվŶĽӽЩһеĹâˡ
ͣ¡ȫ뵽һ·ͻأ䣬һӣ·Ǿס
Ͽлص˸оͷƤ飬кڡ
ǰǸûͣ½Ųǰߣղ˵ɫӰһߣ˲ͳ˶ǰ档
ͣûУǲ֪ô˵˵ţһĳֲľŷһӺ䵽ǰǸϡ
ڿֲľ£ǰǸ˵ݺݵ׷˳ȥһߵɽҡ
ۡѪ׷ɣǸ˵ԼˣѪȾƬʯ
ߣǲָӵĴۡ˫ĿѪɫâųɨһۡ
һʱ䣬е˶Ͻͷ̧ͷȥ岻סķ
ʼʳÿֻѡһ·أµܹܲʣİٶ˵
ǣӳɲҪһֺٺһЦɢҰһĹâЩȺȥ·һ㡣
ˣϲϸƤˣٺ١ֶסһƤ𪡢ͦӢꡣ
һ죬һεľɢӶ˳
Ŀ֮£˿Уһ겱ϵĶˣѪ
ſһѪҺȫ˿УȻΪ
˿֮ûеľʧȥѪҺȫʳзѪɫâϣһ䣬ͱΪһǼܡ
һǼѣΪ˳һˣתۼͻΪ˳ǶôѪȲ̵鰡
ֻδ촽ֱһԶûС


1430 ˡ־ǿ
񫰡˶ܹˣһѪǷ񣬱ͨǿˡѪĹâ˵
һ䣬ֽĿͶһʮСкеĹâʤˡ
ССͣȻѾ˺أʲ֪Ѫ⾫ʲôζ̵ֲЦͬķʽкһľ
ⲻǲ̾һǶѣи̵ģһֱ˺һ꣬ƾ̵ѪԡȫϿУܶ˶Ż
ɽ֮ϣȻĺ־ǿһĻҲΪ𾪣ҲɹһľǸûô̹ÿɵĶΪˣΪͨ˼ûж֣˵Сˡ
ʱһʮЦٲӣȷʵЩ޵һԵļһǿˡ
һ硣־ǿܻ棬ɷԲʮڣе嶼ɪɪɢ־
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1431 ˺ͻ
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ȥıӰ־ǿ˫Ŀеɫе΢΢ɢ
ˣҺ־ǿǸˣ־ǿǳԳصһƬռ䣬Цʧˣʺĵ档
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֮࣬ڼ̹ٵĴǰŵ죬޽ľʷݣҲǶƵһѵ
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һ죬Ůʮ߳صһĥµʱ䣬һΪÿ϶ɢһɿֲϢ͸¶һּӢǲǻƿҶСߵһ


1432 Ů
ڽһ˲䣬ҶСѾˣʮµʱ䣬гֵϢһ룬ֻҪвʮʱ䣬аգȫֵ꣬ø˵ǳؾȫˡ
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ţȥյ˵Ҫࡢ졭û뵽ô鷳


1433 ӢѧԱ1
һУܰƬƬһ裬·ѺĿɡ
ҶСͶ˲ߣߵһʱ򣬶ͣҶС˵׼ѯҪҪǽӹ
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ΧһЩӢѧԱЦЦ


1434 ӢѧԱ2
ЦЦҪҶСܵΧЩѧԱɢĿһɨ˵
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Щ˾ΪܸߣǣûнԼʵֵķӳе似ӲףһͨᣬĹûһ˿˵ǿƣ޵ģ治֪ڴܣ赸
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סѧԱǸǵģѾǷȱʲôǷȱһһײС͡ƻľֻӵЩǵʵܹߡ


1435 žǳ
εıȡҲ뿴νĸ־һҪһֻֻǣڴкеǣһµʱ䣬һºǻӣǾȫ˻Ǳ߰ɣﻹкܶӡҶС˫Ŀһɨ˵
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ŮͤУɻĽĿͶҶС磬һ˿ѯʡ
ǿʲôҶСָʯ۵İֽ˵¶ص΢Ц
ŮɻĿҶСһۣȻĿͶʯϵİֽŷǧֽ֣򿪣ֻֽһƽֽϹâӿ·̺ĳΰ
ʱֽϵĹâԾȻգֻУĹγɣڶ˵Сȵȡ
Ǿžǳͼֽֽϸɲ£ҶСֻķʽ̻
Ĺ˶ΧŮĿתĿš
⡭ǡһΧǰ΢СĵһΧİ졭ЩСǣŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ЩĴСݶ㣬ݶӣĴСԽСҲΪܹת


1436 ƶ
⡭һͼ𾪵ĿתĹ˵
ⲻһͼĴſܡҶС絭˵
һǽŹȫչа󷨰Ǿžǳ󡣡һ˵
û뵽󷨻е˽⡣ҶСĿһࡣ
ƽһҶСһۣȻĿͶſͼ
ҿžǳĿͼЦŽûһܹϸõĻ֪жôǿ붼롣˵
С磬óռ±ǻĵҪ󡣡ŷǧҶС˵
Ѫ֮ʱؾޱ䣬½˺ö౶ĵ൱ǰʮǹҲǡ
ȷʵǣĿǰ˵ȲĸݶȾˣȵΪ󣬿һСռ䣬ûʲôӰˡҶСЦЦ˵
ŷǧҡҡͷһСռǲһ󷨷ˣŷΰûܹõСռ³ܲΰ
ʵڲǾںаɣôǵĵ´࣬ʱ򣬿û˸̤ǵĵ̡ҶСЦЦ˵
ǾôҪҪóҶС翴һŮʵ
Ů˼ûо͵˵ͷҪ
뿴óĽдһ˿˵
ŷǧҲһڴ֮ɫ
ô󷨣һ˿϶òˣҪǵİǵİ¶ҪѼʱ䡣ҶСЦһ˵
󷨣Ҳе˽⣬Ҿڲ󷨵ʱҲѧϰḶ́˽عⲻӰ߶ع򡣡ŷǧ˵
ȷʵҲǣȲóһݶΪĵ󷨵Ŀܳʱƣɱ󡢻ȵһϵеȫȥǽЩǵ˶󣬾ͿʼֲáҶСŹâ˵
Ϊ£࿴ҶСʵ
ֻһ£һȽҪǶ֪濪һѧԺ֣ղȥŵ쿴һЩӢѧԱ֮ԣһûУҲУǵôܹʵԵĸһΪʵսֽϻҶС翴˵
ϸѵ顣൭˵ǰڵĵطôѵġ
ҶҲǺ˽⣬ҾҪƶȣӦûһ㡣˼һ˵
ʱŷǧü΢˼ţʱʱǻ۵Ļ⡣
Լʮӵʱ䣬ŷǧ΢üչ˿˶·˺ܶࡣ
ǧˣҶСѯʵ
һĿܣǿ԰սƶѵЩѧԱǽЩѧԱֳͨѧԱӢѧԱѧԱ׼ϣĸ֣ͨѧԱǺ쾳ĸ֣ӢѧԺΪһصصĸ֣ѧԱصʥĸ֣׼Ͼʥˣŵʥÿ˶ԾҲͲҪԼˣҲԼȥˡ
ĸȼиԵĽƶȣвͬԴյȵȣ֮⣬ǽÿȼѧԱֳɲͬİ༶ʱʱһδӣܹٽѧԱ顣
һЩĳأ˺ŵǺܺõѡڰѰ˺ŵϷֳΧģЩ޵ʵԽǿҲߣÿһѧԱǶܹõֵĶȻǻԶأ绹кףкеǿҲ٣˼һ¿ܣĻҪȥִСŷǧһЦ˵
ǧǻ۹ˣ̶һʱһµĿܡ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǧûкõĹЩѧԱѡҶСʵ
УúϽܹѧԱǵ̹ܽ٣һϵͳѵȻԹʺȥԽѧԱʺϴѧԱǵ֪ʶʺѧԱĽƶȣӦõˣҪЩѡˡ
һֱͥͦҵģû˵ҲûᣬڼȻᵽѧԱ⣬Ҿͽҵ뷨˵ɲҪ˵ҽŷǧҶС˵
ôأͥȷʵеңҪǶһֻܹ֪ҶСЦЦ
ŷǧһǾͺãģҾ㡢ʫǵԸºʺڣͥҡĽѩ˱ȽڹǿѧԱȵȣֻҪ㲻ǶȨ
ôأһҾܹɺܶ࣬ǵǻŮ񡣡ҶСЦ


1437 ֻ׽˵
ǧͽˣķֻһ°ɣҶС˵һ˦ƹζ
飬ܹȥ˵Ӧȥ˵ҸһϸְšŷǧҶС˵
룬ҶСȻ˵ͷŷǧĹǣŷǧȫţЩŮӱȻ˵ʲôп϶ٻе㲻ǻΪǧλá
󹬵ŽǱġ
ҪȥӦЩǵˣܲܽǷְŵѧԺķֻãҶСѯʵ
죿ԣкܶ˲٣޷šŷǧü˵
ҪȽҪﶼųȷ˻Լȥѡ֣ʱȥһУҶС˵
ţԡŷǧ˵ͷ
̣㲻ȥǸʦѾܵӦеĴˡҶС罫ĿͶ̡
ˣôʱˣѾȶһȥֻΪȡ֮λôҲˣľˣò㲻ҴˣһתҶС磬ƺеԹ
ǺǣôأһӭأѾ˰ɣҶС˵
ţȫˣҵʵǷӲȫʵҪӳֻͻƵǸſԡ
ٴһһΪҲſͻơҶСŹâ˵
ģлл㡣¶һ˿м֮ɫͻȻ˫ĿâųҶС磬е˼
˵أҶС¶һŽ׵ݣҶУ֪ûһ㣬Ӱ쵽
ϵܻ࣬޷գĿ˵
ԺעܹЦһǧˡ࿴΢΢̾һһ˿Ľ
ôеζǺǡҶС翴ЦЦ˵ģô࣬һᴫõĶҾͲˣĹѾǶˣҿԴһͫļܣ㷢ͫ
ҶСĻĿһ
ʱҶС˫֣һ̵ֵüģһֵüģһεĲӿüڡ
䣬ҶСջ֣һתһ䣬ͻָ˹
ҶСŷǧû˵ȴ̺࣬Լӵʱ䣬˫ĿһٹһӲ̣з·
ôǲǶǶôҶСǺһЦ˵
лͬʱ˵˾䡣
С磬ʲôôһ㶼͸̿ҶСʵ
Ǹܣ׵ˣҲŻҶСһЦ˵
ҶСĻϼһ˪ҲЩΡ
ҶСĻѾֱˣ׵ˣҲˣʶ֪ҶСǾ仰˼ˡ
˵ˡ̸ҶСһۣȻתȥ
ûʲôĻˡ˵һӰʧ
ҶС粻ԾͷȻĿͶŷǧ㲻Ҳ׼߰ɣ
˵ˣȽƻֵİô̯Ҫһƶȡŷǧ˵Ȼվ¥ȥ
ǧòȻ淳ˡŷǧԪıӰҶС
˵꣬˵Ӱ黯·һһʧ
ŵһľ¥һƬЩ¥󲢲ǰһֱŲģеңǣȴйɣ·̺ĳع໥Ӧ
Щľ¥Ľص㷽λʹ߰ŵģȻҶСķԸ
˵Щľ¥һ󷨣Ƿ͵ģΪķֶΡ
˹Сƽ˵ϵ󷨣ЩľݾıϣŵıƵϣҶСһҲͱĲˡ
ȻЩľ¥ӣһãǾۼ˵Щ¥ɺ󣬱ųһۼ󷨡
ҲΪϵ˾Ϊ
һĴһӰͻأ֣ҶС硣
˿Щľʷ·¶֮ɫǵǻһûйҵľ¥Ļģ
ҶСܣӰ˾ƬľԶĵطһƬɽʯи̵ֱСݼǿš
ｨһ󷨰ɣҶСһͷһƬɽʯشһεţߵ͹ƽɽʯƽ
ʮʱ䣬Բʮڶƽޱȣ·Ǳĥһ㣬ҶСʵЩֱյκι


1438 
ҶСĸ֮£ⷽԲʮ׵ɽʯӲޱȣȾӲʮֹ
ҶС翴˿Ժдųһ󷨵ͼ¼εĹâһط·ǣ˹
ϼڣҶСӰһƬ֣ƶһĪ·Ҳ֮֡
һִ󷨣³ֵ֪ʶѾȫˣ׼󷨽ЩŲƹҪȻŲôˣ϶޴ĹעģοЩҲͦģҪƶ̫ˡ
󷨲ûлҶС೤ʱ䣬һʧʱ͸㶨ˣҶС缤ʱȫӿС
Ҫ֧ŵģô뵹Ҳ
󷨿ҶСӰãã棬һչԲǧķΧУϵκСӲĲ鿴
Ŀϣ춼½Ƭ
Ƚƶȥ˵žǳɶپǶ٣һŹʡҶС˵
һ߳һϿգһץ޾۳һֻ޴ƣգһӽС֡
ҶСһСһŵΧҶС罫찲úúѾˡ
һСʱú죬ٶȻеСҪƶõ°ҶС̾һ˾ʧˡ
ڶʱŷǧѧԱĹ滮ְŵȵȵľִзƶȸҶС硣
ҶСſһ£оƣŷǧ
ûнЩø˿׼ЩȫڽЩ˵ȥ
ϣҶСԼĸ׸ӵĸ˴绰һѩ弯ϣｫƶϡ
˳ĽУеĴ񶼺ĴǵƷȥѩ弯ϡ
峿ҶС绹ں˯ʱΪЩҵ飬ҶС
ҶСϴһ£ȻǼڵϵһСʱ򣬽ĸ˴ŵϣΪԼĸĸܺʹ˼档
źߵҶСĽѩӨŮǰѩ壬ҶСΪһ˲͵ˡ
ʱ˶ȫʰˣѾۼڴӶͷĳȴš
ҶСǰЩһĴкǴҲҶСһҹϵõҲЦŴк
ǲ˲У˭ǵԺ˶ҶСУҶС粻ͬ˭ȥĵطǸ˵ı˾Ҫˡ
λףȶһ£һǹȥʱͻѵʱˡҶС翴ǧ˵Ƕ˺ܶණס桢͡Ρ˵ȵıƷǶţ֮⣬б졢ӵȵȣڴҡ
ҶСĽѩŮʹտЩھλòԶһƬط츳һƬĽʵޱȣһкҶС翪ʼ˿̻󷨡
һСʱȫ̳ˣҶСļһɹâбŵϵϢɢ˳
ҶС֪ɹˣһʹ߽һ£ܲܵŵ졣
һ֮£ɹˣʹߵʧŵϡ
λǣһ󷨣ֻҪվǸУܹŲƹȥˣһһ󷨣ҪӵҪȻʹڴɣҶСĿһɨ˵
һ˹ȥʹ߻عˣҶС˺ӨտţֱӴĽѩͺȥС
ֿɶŮӴʱѾȥУͼ˹ͨҡ
ҶС罫Ľѩ˻ȥǰ˿ѧԺ
ϱ̺߱˵رȽϿѧУط
ԭһУĳԭˣʮڻûнٵʱ̾еķİ£ȻûлѶǮȻ󿪰ѧУ
վѧУϿգҶСܹɹɵ־һƬյ
ѧУУ֪ʶǹֲֶ֮иģǵľ
УеҶСĵ˵ͷĵĲ߻£Уģ
УѾͻЩһѾ죬һضصĸ֣صĸ޼
ѧԱձȵϾӢѧԱջҪŨ񣬿ΪиͷԵʰɣǶõõõԴҪõЩͱŬȥԼȡ
١ҶСߵĿռ΢΢˲֣Ľһ
ĲԺѧԺȫˡҶС翴˵
ûлشһֹӡ


1439 
ʲô˵ɣҪй˼ɡҶС翴˵Լĵһʹ߰һΪѾʥ۷壬ò˶þܹͻƵʥˡ
ԴĳΪʹߺ󣬰ܶæҲͲȨĺصˣ˶ԴǶܿһ㡣
һֱЩʹ߶Ļƴӣû˷ԣе΢΢źĻͻȻԥҶСжһ˿ϲ
٣һֱսʹߣҲǷٵӦŷ٣ͲʺȥĿҶС˵
ҿ㽫УͦõģҶСɻĿġ
о˹У˵
Ȼ뷨ҾʹӦǣȼһʱ䣬ҽȫźú󣬾ͽǳҶС˵
лл١ϵıû˿仯˵
лæȥĴҶС˵һ䣬Ӱʧˡ
ߣͷеһС
µʱ䣬ʱ彵٣֪ǻ᲻УУҪˣȫƵϣֻĵصͿˣӥŸĿƼ˾ҲҪŲƣĳЩֽˮ赲սĻһжˡҶС
Ѿи뷨ˣǸȺȫԴһУһеĶﶼУӾܹԳһϵͳˡ
ף仯ô벻Ƽ˾ȻѾչˮƽҶС翴žĲԶһҵ
һȫƼģǰ޵д¥ѾΪ˴ãٶȷʵͦġ
ɢҶС緢˶æµţӥѾ˷츲صı仯
ǵõһμӥʱڷƷվһںķС
ʱӥͷ񳲣ƼݣвѪ˿һӪ˵ֱ̣ǌ˿еČ˿һװû壬һ˿һ۾һ˿ţ߻һƯСأһתΪ˸߸˧డһһ¡
ʱӥһ칫У߶һ㿴ЩԱụ̈һָ㡣
ҶСӰһ칫ڡ
˭ҶСոճֵʱͻأ䣬ռ΢΢һֶһһֱ۶ɾҶСץ˹
ߡҶС˫ĿбųĹââÿռһУԷֱһӾͱҶСбŷâˡ
ۡâȥƲһӶֱֵۣѪ
ҶСû˿ͣһץֵӰһӳҶСǰռۣһҲܶ
һССʥظֶѣȻҶҳ֡ҶСЦһ˫Ŀضץеĸ˵
һˣʮңʵ¶ǧꡣ
㡭ҶС磿¶һ˿壬ͷԼƣתҪһƬ۵Ŀռ䣬жǣΪôõ
˭ΪʲôҶСʵ
١ʱ칫еӥŷҶС磬ӥ¶һ˿ļ˷ܡ
ҶС硭ſңҪȻԸͻȻ˵
ԸҾͲܹʲôҶС˵зĹâ²Ҫ֡
٣ȱ֣˵һ䡣ʱӥϽ赲ǰҶС˶֡
һĻҶС˫ĿеĹâˡ
øһҶСΪ䡣
ˣݲһ㣬֣롣ӥȰ˵
ʲôĺҶС翴ӥ˵ȻıƽѾ䵽˼㡣
ǿ϶ɳǿˣʱ˵һѡӥҶС˵
ҶСû˵ֻǽؿӥӥҶС翴зë
ѵʲôط˵ˣӥ
ǻ˵ˣϿſȻҵǸҿԵʲô鶼ûз˿ҶС˵ҶСĬţΪҶС约»ˣѾû˰㺦£һ˿š޿֡
أҶС翴ӥѯʵ
⡭⡭ӥ¶һ˿Ϊ֮ɫ룬ҧ˵٣ҾûǷɣǵʵǵѡ񡣡
ôģҶСʵĳˡ
ӥ˿ҶС磬ҶСıû˿ĲףΪҶСڿĽ飬Ȼ˵ͷ˵ġ
˼ҷȻǸҶС˫Ŀų䣬ѹԼеŭ


1440 ɱ
ҶС仰󣬵аź䣬˭Ҳܹó
칫УܶͷдԱͣеĻ́ͷҶС硣
ΪƼԱȻҶС¼ܶ˶ܳҶС磬ӥĻܶгһ˿Ĳǲûбֳ
Ȼ˵˵ʵȷʵǿ󣬵Ƽϴô˵ǸⲻǴ
⡭Ҳ˵˵ѡʱӥǸоԾˣ΢΢ҶС޵СһֱӡУʱ䣬һ亹ͷ亹ֱ
ĳɳҶС˫Ŀкʵ
١
֣ûʸСûӥ˵꣬ҶСֱӴӥĻ
ʱ仯˺ܶ࣬жȨģҲ֪ڵƼ˻ǻ˵ˡҶСɫƽӥ˵
»ˣûҪάƼӣ
ҶС磬ѵǻ˶ԿɣҹǸҿԵʲô鶼ûзʱҶСж˵ѾһĵݣˣѾǿӲ˵Ŀɽ
ֻǣ̫ˣûпƣ֪ҶС粻ܹ˵Ǹǣ벻ҶСͲ»ˡ
ȷʵҶСۼʵȷʵ£ƾǸݶΪһľŹ󷨾ܹ赲֣˵һλڡ
ֻҪʥһµģһķΧڣ˲䶼ܹˣĿ֮
˭ܹ¸Ҳɽʯ֮Ķ
죬ˣܴ˻𣿾ֻôҶС˫Ŀųֱ˹ȥ
˲ҽһֻ۾ѪֱֱӱҶСϹˡ
ҶС磬ǻǲġ͵Χ˱ɣ˺е
ϻࡣҶСĿһˣͷһһɢż¸µĻ֣һӽ˵ȼˡ
˲䣬˵ͱΪ˻ҽ
ʱҶСлһΣһ˵ӰͳҶСУһ壬˵ꡣ
ءʱһ춯ӥҶСǰһͷϵ亹રવĵ䡣
ʱ֪ҶСǿӲ
٣ԲⶼҵĹͷҰɣӥͷһ֪˵ӡ
ĸأлԶƼǿ󣬿úҪĻͥˣ˻˾ԻᱻõģʱͿԺҼ粢վһˡҶСЦһ˵
ӥңӥԶƼˣԲᱳѡӥϽ˵Եóϻ̳Ͽ֡
㻹ʲôҵģ㣬ô˵ģҶС綢ӥ˵
ԴӿˣҶСͷ˲ԾôõʱˣȻûмŵӰɢ£žȻǰУˣҶС缫Ϊ
ǡǻ˵˴šӥͷ˵
˵˴ţ㵱ʱڸʲôڿϷ𣿡ҶСʡ
ҡ
ʲô㣬㿴Լֵˣȥæ˵㰲ʲôġ
١ҡǸող𲽣ǲ뿴ͻ˳ͻ
㲻뿴Ǻͻ˳ͻ˵Ķô尡ѵܹԼֵܱ˵˴ˣ˭𣿡ҶСԽԽߣþûô
ҶСʵ̲סһŹȥ
ӥһӱҶС߷˳ȥڵϹȦ˿۾׷˳ȥȻڵϣѪֱһ֪˵ӡ
ӥӣҶСŭ
˾תҶСһӻָ̬ƽ͡
ЩΣһҰģҵҪҰľж󡣡ҶСһƤ
˵˵ô£Ϊλл˵ƼҶС綢ӥʵ
ٻǵãҸᵽܹģսӥ̧ͷ˵ҲûвߵѪҶС
ǵãйϵҶСüͷѯʵ
ţһѾƳˣһܹߵԵ粨⻷ֻҪϣзߣܹ⻷УʱֻԵ粨룬⻷УӵԼΪܣ߾ܹʵսѵս顣
ȻǵıܹһֱòȻû˵֪ˣҪƼ˾ȻĿĻǿӥ˵
㽫ǣҶС˫Ŀбų˵
ûСûУҲҪͷУҲǺίߣ˵ûȫ


1441 
оȣûнһҶСЦһ˵
һƼƳģȻܹǣҪƼмǵһһÿ춼ѯһνȣһ˾ʱǡ˸ղǸ˽ѵңǾͳ֡˵ţӥͷ¶һ˿ͺڡ
Ǹ˴ţΪʲôȥǣҶС˫ĿеĹâȻôķ
ǱŶһ²һµ뷨ǻ˵ˣ̨ܴʱʺǳͻ֪ٸǣԲŵġӥɫᶨ
ҶСЦһѯʵҲͻһֱôίȥ
Ҳ֪һһ
ǿȫзɹˣҶСʵ
ûȫзɹ⻷̫ˣ׼һЩ͵ĻȥѾһҪҪһ£ӥ˵дġһ˿ѯʡ
һ¡ҶС絭˵һֿռ·ץһ㡣
ͻأ䣬һӰͺݺݵˤ˵ذϣһ꣬Ҳǻ˵ˣһֱаǱţΪ˰Ӧղˡ
ôǱǱҶС羾˳
˺һۣ϶˸߿ƼƷָ߿ƼƷܹǵټҶС粻ϸ鿴Ļ鿴
˭˲ӵϷԽ𣬾ĶҶС磬ܹĵطץΪ϶ǿĶ࣬òӦԡ
Ƕ׼ǿռҵĹ˾ѵ֪˭𣿡ҶС缥Цһһ˫Ķꡣ
ҶС磿ҶС硣ɫһ䣬ѿޱȣ֪ε϶ˣǲ֪ĽƼõҪĿû뵽Ǳˡ
Ҿǣû뵽ǻ˾Ȼ޳ܡ
ô꿴ҶС磬Ȼһ֮ɫ
õģڲɱ㣬㻹ãȥ˵˸˴彵٣˿϶ú㣬ϣԺҪҪȻ͵ưɣŻ⿴ܵشҶС˵
Ļһġ
ҴһǸǵĳͷҶС˵һ䣬гһɫԲԲһӰھҵţ̽ȥʱҽ
ҽ·˵꣬ҡëȻ
ꡭɫһ䣬ɫס
˼壬ؼĻ棬꣬˳ʹĳͷ
еʶһɣŸ˵˰ɣҶСһһŻɫԲǰ
һģϣ㲻ҪΪյΪڡ꿴һҶС˵зһɫԲˡ
ȥĲƷҶС翴ӥ˵
ǣ١ӥ˵
ӥĴ£칫һǣһ˽˵ĵݣһһֱͨ˵ҡ
ңƹãװ޵ű£Ϳǵҡ
һ˶ʮ׵ľ룬Ȼһͨһͨܶװ˸߿ƼƷϵͳϵͳԻϵͳȵȡ
ÿһʱ䣬ӥһߵĴʽʾ£֤һ㡣
ﰲװ˺ߡмиǣͽ׵ĸҲ赲סӥΪҶС͵
ﻹܹһֵ鿴ҶС˵ͷ˵
һ֣ѵܹ鿴ӥ͵͵һҶС磬ѵѾ
ȫǸ߿ƼкܶණзģΪѾǿˣҶСǻĸܹ鿴Щй
˴Լʮ׵ľ󣬳һţϾһʾĤϵͳ
һԵĴţ氲װϵͳǿдĻһж𡣡ӥһϵͳһ˵ϻЩȻ֮ɫΪơ
Ǻ
΢Ŵ򿪣ĵƹһΪĴǿյģλһʮôС̨ҶСź
̨޴ԱһˮǷһȫ͸ʽʾм̣ˮǰһصĽΣһڲкܶߣЩ߶̨
٣Եһ£ȥ׼ӥ˵һ䣬ȽԴ򿪣Ȼ̨ҶС粻֪ν
һӵʱ䣬ӥæһУȻָŽ˵٣
ҶСĿӥһۣû˿ԥȥ


1442 
ӺʣȫǸ˷ɵƶɵģ˽״̬
٣һ̨ǽ˵Ե粨ת⻷Ҳ˵ʶСӥ͵ȻýĽܽҶС̶
ʱ䣬ҶСоһ޵ɨ·̽Ѱʲô
ӥýҶСĽ̶һкӥӽӺóһͷһͽ
٣ΪؼĶͿԽ˵Ե粨ҲʶھӦתܹ⻷ˣЩ̶֫ĽɨãԷһǿȡȵһϵеݣ˵൱һһһ㡣ӥ͵
ֲøղŸоһɨҵ壬ԭˣзǿģЧ˵ҶС˵һ䣬Ҵϡ
ȸ˵£ֻҪ۾ͿˣҪ⻷гֻҪе㲱ϵһ׹һ¾Ϳˡ
֪ˡҶС˵ͷһ˿棬뿴⻷Ƿô档
ӥǸͷһԴϡ
ҶС绺۾ʱоһԲɨ漴ԼʶҲˡ
תҶСһİĻУɽ롢ӶͣľͦΡҶ﷼ݴ̡ʻӳ޳ȺϢƴ
ҶСֵĵطһڵĺԵҶСһ£⻷еǿȺǵǿȫһ£Ҳзâ֮˵һԼ
һ廹Ǻӥ˵еƫΪûһ˿ӤҲûС
ѵΪĹԭ򣿡ҶС
һ˵룬ܹǹ飬̫֮ǼΪ߼ⲻҲ
ûķâ֮ڣõģǣ⻷߶
𡭡ͻȻ䣬죬쳹һأֲھ֮Ҿ
Ȼô棬ͷֲ٣⻷еƣչƼҲһĵҶСŸղŷ޺ĵطƶȥÿһʮɵľ룬ٶȼ졣
תۼ䣬ҶСһƬУֻһֻԱһֻϻ໥ŶԷһӡ
ֻﶼʵеĴıԵÿֲޱȣǵʵҡ
ҶС˹ȥ
𡭡
𡭡
ֻҶСĵŤͷͺһ¶ĹâǲҶСʵǿǶûж֡
˼ȻﶼƵΩΩФ̫˼ˡҶС˵â֮ųһӾͽ̴ֻԴ
ۡѪֻ͵Ķﵹ˵ϡ
ʵһģһӥֱǸţò绹вСȱݡҶС˫ĿŹâ˵
ĻĴ߶һСʱҵʱ䣬Ȼһµ׹ͻȻʶһģֻصʵС
֫Ľ̶Զ򿪣ҶС罫ͷԴȡݸӥ
٣оô𣿡ӥͷ·˽κ棬ڴĿ⿴ҶС硣
߶˵Ϸȷʵѵܣ㾹ȻֶܹҶС˵
ȷʵ׼зһ͵ϷģҪˣҾ͸ıһ·ֱзܹѵӥ˼ЦЦ˵
ȷʵȱݲ٣ȣ⻷е򲢲ǺҲƣ⣬Ҳơ
ȻҲ֪Ķʵвģ£УУĻе㵥һйϵʱһΪһ¸׳۵⻷ǿԸĽһ¡ҶС˵
ǣ١ӥ˵дϲ
һѪ·Ǻһ㣬Ҳ£κμʶޣʵҲѴﵽĵز
ˣӥзǵ˵ĻǶ˶һУǰ㡣ҶСѯʵ
Ŀǰֻзһʱ϶˶һСӥ˵
ãŵ㽫һ糹зɹ󣬽һξ޴ķ籩úŬɣεҾͲ׷ˣһΣӦ֪ҶС˵
ллԭ¡ӥм˵
׼һ£˾ͣзֶҪһȫȶĻ׼ȫƵһط


1443 ˼
ߣӥ𾪵ĿҶС磬һʱԶӦˣҪ֪һʮŲĴðôơ
ԣǰߣƼеһжߣѾȫˣȻûȫзǱǾģһ֪Ϣһ᲻ֶεĽϵͳõ֡ҶС˵ûһ˿١
ôأӥһͷ
㽫ⶰ¥еһкȫжϣͬʱһ׼ã취иЩԱǵҲԸһȥҿԸһȶܵκֺ
⻰ӥ˫ĿһƼҪ룬ЩԱһܹˣǣһŵǰͲһ뿪Ҫˣ˭ѹӥҲܵԱǵĲɺͽⳡѣܹʲô취
ȷʵǸð취٣Աס¥ǲҲһߣӥѯʵ
һ¥ȫסԱҶСʵ
ǡ
ҲãһߣʡõʱҪ췿ݡҶС˵ͷ˵
٣ʲôʱ᣿
졢ϡԽԽáҶС˫ĿŹâ˵ٲһ䣬ܹ㶨Ļͽ㶨
ͽˣһСʱһϣܹ°áҶС翴ӥ˵
ģ٣һ׵ġӥ֤
ˣˡҶС˵һ䣬˾ʧˡ
ҶС뿪ӥһ㵹˵ϣپǷ٣ԽԽˣǸϽ°ðɣ
ӥ˼Ȼ󽫵Ժ̨رյ˳ȥҲҶСĻʱĽԣȴôס
ҶСһǣȻ»˵ˣԷ鲻ȫƼˣôϵͳҪȫзɹ϶ỨѸʱ䡣
³УУĵºȭѾˣֻһյ̨ӡ
һҸڣһɫ۵ȶϵӵڣϵϢܹˡ
ţԴӴ󣬾ϲɫۣĻ˵Ϊ˳ǡţĻ˵װһ죬ὫԼװȥ
˵˴˺ﾫˣ׼¸ҶСģӥĻҲͣûиҶС硣
ڣռ΢΢ҶСӰͻأ֣ʱüһ壬һץʱ䣬ӿ˹
ʱһƬڵ֮߳ʮ౶ЩΪɹɳߣۿɼٶӿȥ
ƱѾ˾ųɣЩӿ룬ȫָˣΪҲһ㣬غڣ۷壬ֻҪʱһʱͿͻƵʥ硣
Լʮӵʱ˫Ŀɫâ֮ŷǰĿռ΢΢һΧۼȫɢ˿һɿµϢڵ
١ȫƣؽ
ôҶСʵ
Ѿȫˣлл٣١ҡһΣ֪˵ʲôȻҶСѾĴѲ²ҶСѾ֪ʼĩ
ÿţԺ飬ѾҪҴкͽҵĳͷɣҶС˫Ŀбų⡣
ǣ١һ˵
Ƽɣӥİһ˹ȥɣҶС˫Ŀеķâȥ˵
ǡ˵һ䣬Ȼ뿪ˡ
ȥıӰҶСȨܹȫſҪȻĳЩ˵Ұġ
仰˵꣬ҶСӰ黯ʧ
Է԰ĽѩļĽѩԼĸ׿죬ĸŮ·˵ĻսһԣȻ۾ǿŵӣȫڵϣ˼ŸղŮ˵Ļȥ⵺ϡ
ҲҪˣﲻܹȥˣΪ˰ȫڼ䣬ǰ룬ļô죬ܶ˼ʮеĳɹҪܲζ
ѩסǸطôãῴŮʵŮС˵񣬷·ϵ¶һ޶һ㣬̲סʵ
ȻˣѵѩƭɡĽѩС˵һСŮ̬
ǺǣҵȻ֪ѩƭ裬ĺܲˡϴų谮Ц˵
ţǸ󻵵̫ˡĽѩĻ¶һ˿Ĵ⡣
㶼˼ˣԴףЦЦ
ǸŮܲԴףĽѩһ䣬һϷ˺Σһ뵽ԼѾҶСˣмֵۻһ˿Թ
ڱ˵˻ǲԵġʱһͻأ


1444 Ҫ̫ܵذ
仰ո£ҶСӰͻأ˾¡ĿС
ߡĽѩҶСһۣڽỳУǰ˵˻˺ֻҪȷˣѵ˵Ĳԣ
ԣҶÿһŮ˶רһġҶСԹɳϣϴŵ΢Ц·ԼļңŶԣӦ˵ԼļңŮ൱ǰӣҲ൱ҶСҡ
㡭ĽѩĵҶСһۣͻȻһ䣬װʮίӣ裬С۸ҡ
Ǳ顢ۡ
⺢ӣʲôʱôĽѩԴ˵
ô˵ԼŮġĽѩɰСǡ
ҶСЦЦȻĿͶսԣһ塣
С磬ĿҲ֪ôҵ˵Ҫ֣һʱ仹԰쵽ȻȫĽڶܵӰ죬廹ٳһʱ䡣ս΢΢һ̾鸴ӵ˵
⣬һǾ˵ȫΪҪͰ̳ʲô飬ѩҶС뿪Ц˵
ҲøʱĽѩüһ˵
󡭡ǺǡҲû˼ҶСЦЦ
Ľѩһû˵˵˵һ仰ҶСٷ
ҶСĽѩǸһЦȻսԣ壬һæ
ʲô¾˵ɣǻҪô𣿡սԵЦ˵
ţ뽫Ƽᵽ⵺죬Ǹطûе磬һЩ̫ܵذ塭ҶС˵
°廹Ϊʲô飬ʲôûо̫ܵذ࣬彵ٵӰ죬һжܵ˾޴Ӱ죬ҵܵǰδеĳĿǰ˵ҵҪ۶˶Χļ⣬ŷǱߵѾˣڲֿл˴̫ܵذ壬áս˵
лл塣
֮ûбҪôԼ˾ĲƷܹǴӦ³ҲܸˣʲôʱҪ
ڡҶС˵
ãߡսԵ˵ͷȻվ¥ȥ
һ·Ȼ˳ȥ
սԵָ£ҶСֱһ̫ܵذĹ
ѾֹͣŵĹյģֻмŵġ
ǲǺܳԾĿĻսԵһЦʵЦеһ˿˸С
ȷʵҶС˵ͷ
彵ٵӰ죬еĹ˶뿪ˣָͲֻܹͣȫ򾭼ôս̾һ
翪ʼŷʢĻƽʱοʼ˶ߣֲӿ֣һǿ϶һеһоƶܵǿҵĳͣҵаٷ֮ʮϡ
ϢϢصʳסеȷĹûͣЩһʱǲֹͣģȫﵽٹȵľ硣
һµʱȻһЩ˵һȫľáƼȵȶӭһʵͻ䣬ҶСƽ˵ĿԶޱȡ
⻰ϲߣҴȥֿ⡣սһЦ˵
һĲֿ⼫ʮ򳡵ôСֿڣһװ̫ܵذĴľУһһ
ô࡭ҶС羪ȵĿЩľ˵
ǰЩѻսԵ˵ͷɫе΢΢Ļ㱡
ҶСôָȡʮ䣬ռָװˡ
壬Եһ£ȥȥҶС˵һ䣬˲ʧ˶ŵϣЩȫ˳
ˣ˼κҶСİٶ䣬ǧĻһԼҲۡ
𣿡ҶСٴλص˲ֿʱսѯʵıȻûһ˿Ĳᡣ
ӦòˡҶС粻˼ЦЦ
Ļãһֿ̫ܵذȫ͸ˡսԿҶС˵
սԵûһ˿٣ҶС˵Ǿллˡ
˻صԷ԰ҶСһ뿪ˣƼ
ʱõˮȫϿˣԱǶڵȴţǵһ˿˷ܡ
ǻΪԼİȫǣǰӥ˵˾Ҫߣ쵽һȫĵطЯҴڵģǶŽŽɵ̬ȣǶҪðߵ顣
ӥ˵ҶС罫ƹ˾жһ˿˿ţǺ֤һ漣ķҶСôƴõġ
׼ûУҶС翴ӥѯʵ
һжѾ׼ˣ԰ƣ٣ҪҪǶȥӥʵ
ãģ˺κˣһܷʲô鶼ҪžˡҶС˵һȻʧˡ


1445 
ɸ߿УҶС羲Ȼ˫Ŀ磬âռһɿµƴϱų·һ¡
ģԱȽϴ󣬺ܶ˶ҶС磬ĽȻǲ֪ҶСΪжߣǣ֪ʥֻ֣ʥֲܹо
磬Ǻֶ֣ţëʥҲ洦ɼ˵־ͨڣڻңʥǸ֡
쿴վա
ʲôʱܹﵽ־أ
ΪʲôҪվգѵ׼˭ֲɣ
ǸϽ뿪ɴܷ꣬ĶֿһƬطᱻΪƽء
ֵϺܶ۷׷ףһɢԶȥҶСĳǿսɢĿֲǴ޴ơ
𡣡һһؼ
ҶСһȣһεҶС£˹
һֻ޴ޱȵֱγɣգ·ϲ֣ܹ֮ء
һֻ޴̽£ΧĿռҶ
¡¡¡Ƽ¥ͻȻεض𣬱һֱֻġ
찡ҿʲôȻһ¥
ɽҲΪ
һ׳ٰ
ܶ˶ͷһĻҲ˷׷óֻһĻò˶ãһ¶ʢ
𾪵ĲֵϵˣƼеˣֻǸо΢΢һ¾ͻָ
ȴԽԽԶܶԱڲϿһĻ
ҶС¥ƿնȥתۼѾһڵ㣬ôصĶͲܹԽռ䣬ֻܹնУˣҶС綼оޱȡ
ʱΪʥ˾죬һ¥⡣
еһƬ˲һӵʱ䣬˴÷˶ŵ¥΢΢һ£Ȼƽȵ˵ϡ
һкҶСһ֮ȫë׽룬ɲǼ䱻룬
û뵽һ¥ȻķôҶС˲ͷϵĺ飬Ѿ־磬ڵѳͲ󣬿֪һ¥˶ٵ
һͷ¥˵£ΪΪ˽¥ĵػֶȥ
ѾŲƺˣǿԳᰲװ̫ܵذĽ̫ܵذװ¥ȥǵᡣҶС˵һ󣬾ʧˡ
ʱ¥ûͨ磬ݲܹʹãе˶Ӱȫͨ˳
ǷѾһƬİĵطһж棬ʱǴڵ룬涼ԭʼɭ֣ǸͲ֪Լһϡ
ЩԱǶ¼ҡ
ûеǽҶСѾˣһ¥Աǵ¥
ÿסЩԱļ
ҶС罫һ¥úú󣬷ԸԱǽ̫ܵذȫΪ¥ͨ磬ܽ¥ڵһͨ豸ָ
ЩҶС統˦ƹ񣬽һжӥţ˾ڵӥȱʲôȥ죬ɲ뵱һȵġ
ʱСϣЩǶѾȫŲ˹ѩ忴󷨵ʹߣҶСķԸ󷨻ˡ
ҶСվп˿ЩĿǰعأһķӷŷݣǽԼĶľ¥ڰˣܶ໧˼ҶѾסˡ
ڳԵõȫ˹߲˵ȵȣҶСǶһר֡
ҶС罫ֿɶһҽ˹ĸǸ߹٣һУͲԸߡ
ϵʱг顢ֻۻۡáĽѩ⣬˶ˣ׼ڼʱ䣬Ͼʱ䶼ûлع飬кˡ
㣬ԺȫˣʵûʱȥЩ֮飬ֻһЩѶȴ飬¥֮顣УҶСɳһ߳ˮһͯ˵
ֻҪǶͬ⣬ûʲôͯЦЦ
϶ģ㣬ЩոհĴʲô⣬ҲտһЩʵæʫæҶСٴ˵
ǶûǶ֪Ů˵
ǾôˡҶСǺһЦ˵
˺ŷǧͯʫڵļƻһҶСܹ֮ϡ
ȥһ˾Ҳûʲô飬⼸󣬾ͿʼʽҶС翴Ŷ˵
˵ͷ¶һĨӵҲ֪Լ˼˺ô˵ްɣ϶еģһˡ


1446 
ɽׯͨ˵Ľأ濴ֻһͨСɽׯޱȣ·޾
ɽׯڲϼڣǧ뵣㻨ïޣ̨ͤ¥֣·һ˼ɾ
һڣһڴڣǵȺʲôһ㣬ɫϱãһŭһ塢һֳ˷ŭ
ҶСһꡣ
ҶС磬ҾͲҺǻ˶Կҧŭ˵
ڻĵĵλߣǸҺͻ˶Կ֪ҶС羹Ȼκκնɱ˻˵ˣֵĻǣϿĳͷһ·˺ܶΣûƵ
벻ͨһ˶ѣȻҺͻ˽а壬治֪ҶС޴
ǵ鱨ҶСֵ²һѣûʲôΪҶС緢ǶƼȡļƻҲ֪ҶС羹˿ӣնɱǵˣԽܡ
ͻȻ䣬һУһλϳһӰû˿ף˵ԷʵޱȣѾﵽ˺һϵľ硣
һɫ۵ˣһͷڷɢԺ󣬸һֿҰĸо˫ĿΪɢһ־þӸλȨ֮
ˣƤһ̧ʵ
ƻ˱ҶС緢ǶƼļƻһնɱһֵ֣Ҳðһ˿֮ɫ˵ţ¶һ˿ķŭеĻɫ˳
ꣿɫһ䣬ѿޱȣ˫Ŀųȵõ
һ죬ɫͳУйâҪƿɫ塣
ʱɫڴһĲҽһ̴ӻɫɢɫ΢΢һ¡
á˾һӾ뽫ɫ׳ȥȻǳˡ
䣡
޴𣬿񱩵ĴµĳһǹڵǽϿ·綼ˡ
׵壬ݺݵ˹ǽϣһѪ걻ֲȫ˺ƬڵȫΪһԷĩ
䶨ڿյģɫʯذǰ߰Ѫ⡣
ȿȿȡ˿ȳһѪɫҰףӵ˫Ŀŭ
ҶС硭ҧʱ޲ýҶСǧС
ҶС粼µһ֣ɫǿʥǿ߸ƲˣֻʥغϵĸֲܹһǡôõķģĻڵĿֲը
ҶСѾ׼ˣƲ˻ɫ壬϶ȥ棬ֻҪһƿͻըڱըʲôֻ֪ñը˵ˡ
ڷ˱ը϶ɽׯڵĺܶ֡
ݡ˲䣬ߵӰͳڣЩΪߵΪʥ۷塣
ʲô飬ôᷢըһɻѯʵ
Ѫѵղǳըˣһüͷһ˵
ǶĿͶˡ
ɶ񣬱ҶСˡɫѿޱȵ˵
巢ʲô顭
ǵļƻҶС֪ˣնɱһ֣ͬʱó꣬ղƿʱ˱ըһ˵
ھǡһɫ۸ź˵
Ȼնɱǻ˵ˣǻòͷˡ
Ҽǵǻ˵ˣǺôĵӡ
ڸô˿˿ʵд˼
⻹룿ɳֱնɱ˱ǣǻҪ۵ġһ⣬ɱȻ
ǻЩҪǻ˼ֱ棬ȻһӶһҪĳͷҪȻ˻Ϊǻ˺۸һ˵
ҪնɱǾҪŪ㣬һʵ׵ʲô磬ڶʲôҪȻ˴ģսɴĸǼΪҪ֪ǻĴǶ˴֣µʱҪͳһеսЩɫ۵ĸ˵
ӸղűըʵѾﵽʥء˼һ˵
Ƕ붼Ҫˣϵͳļֲֵǲ֪Ǳõ۸ʲôĴۣǵõϵͳЩ
˼ˣЩҪñ֤һܹõϵͳҪȻֻһա


1447 
һ飬ҶСǸŮˣΪѾ־磬һǵ»ǻɾ޴ѡ
ѵǾô˲ɣ
Ҿ»Ҫӳ飬ʵڲУһǴĳЭ顣
Щһ飬ǺɱӺҶСһκݵģҽϵͳõ֣ҶСǸŮȴǼɵѡ
һʱܾᡣ
ҾŮӳֵļʲѾôʱˣûгֹ˭֪ʲôطοǻԶЩˣžŮӲҲɲͷϡɫǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ʱͻȻ䣬һɫ΢΢һ䣬ɫޱѿ
ʲô飿һ˵
ƼʧˣҶСŲˣû뵽ٶô졣ɫбų⡣
ڸô죿һʵ
飬ƼðȥˡɫȻ˵

峿أâɣضһɫׯ϶¡
һƬƬһ裬Ѥ·
ҶСŶžɱȥٶȼ죬о뾩·̺ܳҶСΪò˶೤ʱ䡣
ûжӵʱ䣬ҶСѾ˶μſڡ
ǳɣ֮Ĵţ¶һĨӡ
ǽȥɣһңõġҶСֽס˵һ
˵ͷɫᶨ
һ˽룬˸ո߽ȥӰͳǰɫۣ䲻󣬴ӱϿʮңΪѾﵽ˰ʥ˫ĿϬ絶
ֹһ˵
ʲôˣһ˵
ʲôˣҶСбų⣬âղſڵʱѾиػŶμң⣬һҲǶμҵһЩ˺ôҲҪĹԱɳֱμҲ
Ƕᡣʱᵭ˵
໥˵ͷȻʧˣʱĿһҶС磬дһ˿΢΢ĵ⡣
ߺ˭ǵõʱ˵Ҫ뿪μңͶμҶϾϵ˸ո߽һԺһұٸ˳
ɫƿ֯£һ״ɫ˿࣬һɫСȹˣ˫ۺͱ촽ϵף˸о̱
ٸǶһţһ׮Ǿͬģ˵˫ͬ˵һһϵ׼ԶĻοĹϵǴףݺݵĴҵϣ𣬴Ӵ˱˶ỹҶС硣
ٸĻɫѿޱȣһ˿ķŭһ˿İˣ벻˾Ȼӡ
ôû˵ˣٸ˶һۣ˳ƳҶСһۣҶСĿһ˿ļɵ
һ̡ῴһٸ˵
ѽôˣ첻ȥˣˡٸĿһ۶ᡣ
ٸ̫ˣμҵ˶ˣһ󣬶μҺܶ˶˳
һǵ⣬ҶС磬ȫӶ
ǲ뿴к£ұҶСǿǿ̵ӡ
ֱȻ־塣
Сᡭʱһٸ첽ߵǰż֮ɫỨ
衭һĸŮһ
ûٸǶĸףȻѾҪʮˣǰļãᣬŵĺۼ
ߣλʲô£ʱһɫƵ˵
⻰ĸŮ˿
ûеȶ˵ٴ˵Ǽ̫ˣûеطˣ˻
μ˿ǱӺ⣬κε顣
գܲ˵䣬ô˵СҲǶμҵˣҪǶμңѵܴ𣿡ĸɫÿ˵
Ǹĸ׵ĲԼŮܶǼöμ޹⣬ӣǣΪĸȻԼŮ
ɩ仰ɾͲˣҪμҵģҪع飬Ķô˵飬οСҲᱻҳߣֳôЦιƽ˵ɫƽΪ䡣
ҶСվһߣһԲĿһУ·һԹߣȫڿһϷ׼öμҵ˰ȥ񿴵ǵ׵ʧȥģּͥҪҲգȻҪ뷨


1448 ҪԼ̫
С裬Сôˣ᰽ĿͶԼĸףһ˿ɻ󣬻һ˿ĵǡ
ߣҪС㣬Ҳôʮ欵Ů˵ɫܲÿ
ʱĸ׿˵ΪСһ׮Сͬ⣬Ϊ˲Сݣ彫СһС¥Уκ˼棬Ҳȥ֪СԸôľǿΪӻ飬һѻԼķ䣬Ȼ˳ȥӣҲ֪ʲôط
Լĸ׵ĻгһĨ͵ǡ
ΪһŮ˿ǶôҸ飬ʵϣǾһȫûɣԼ켣ѾƶˣǺԿǶô顣
μѾһ飬ΪμѾǿȼˣû뵽ĲģȻ׼ķʽüĵλһŮάּ棬ʼղǳ֮ơ
һ˥ҪҪһܹվ˵һμһһһǶ뿿ְ취ֻϧһʧˣ˵μ澡ʧ
ߣӰССǸӣٸĿŶ˵ֻҪǶμţûϷȥҪǶʩһʳ
࣬˵ʲôô˵СᶼǶμҵˡĸ⻰ʱ
ɩⲻǲǰ˵ģǶμҵˡι˵
ʱڶĸ׼˵ʲôʱһŲֻһװĶι˽һĺ֪һų˭
ιݻʱҶСѾˣһʥִģǼеĳһϵ˶ιݡ
ι˽ĸ¶һĨϲϽ˹ȥ˵˵仰ǲСĽμҵš
μҵţιûԼӣֱ˶ᣬϹҳһ˿Ц⣬˵ȥĻóȥˮôܹջأԴ㵱뿪ͲǶμҵˣμҵˣЦ
ݣôܹأô˵ŮĸױŶιݵĸ첲ƺеʧһ˿
ߣûŮι˵
㡭ݣˡĸ׶˳ҶСвһ˿˱
Լӵ󣬶ιݲΪμûһ˵ϴЦ·ǿЦһ㡣
衭ҪҲûĸס¶һ˿ʹԼĸ˿
СᣬҪǿĸ
ɣⲻҲԸ⣬ԼŮԸ⡣ι˵
ʱҶСǰһĿһɨ˵ǶŪһ£ʲôʱ˵ҪضμˣһμҶ˭ϡҪ̫ˡ
˵ţҶС罫ĿͶ˶ιݣĿ¶һ˿ļҲãǿǶμҵĿ֪ʯͷġ
⻰ιɫѿޱȣһ㣬ȴû˵κλҶСμûм˲µġ
ʲôΪ˽ǶμңιպǾȵĿŶ˵
ǡ˵ûиɫڼˣѾ׵ʧˣһ˿ϣҲˡ
μ˶һΣоǺ죬·˦ơ
ᣬ߰ɣҲҶСߵǰס֣дһ˿Ǹ˵
ûϵҲãҿ˼˵ĳᵭЦЦҶСĿ飬ѾҶС統ļС
裬һ߰ɣļ̫ˣŶ˺ġῴԼĸ˵ɨһ۶μеˡ
Сᡭĸ¶һ˿Ϊ֮ɫιôãôʯĳҲɷ
һɷһŮмΪѡ
߳ţҲǶμҵˡιĿһԼ˵
⡭ĸΪ֮ɫŨˡ
裬㲻ΪѣôôôҵĸסῴԼĸ˵
СᣬԲˡ岻ãҪչĸǸĿԼŮ
û£ʼŮʲô¾͸Ҵ绰չ˺ԼˡЦЦ˵Цһ˿΢΢ǿ
Сᣬٺúÿ㡣
˵㡣
ĸϸĴһԼŮǲᡣ


1449 
ҶС˾ɽׯһڣһʥһصĸֶſյ˵
ͻأ䣬һӰͳ˴УһӰʱʱ̿ɢһ֮·£̤ǳ顣
ҶСˣ΢΢һɫһ䣬˫ĿһУų·û뵽Ȼ˾Ҳ·㲻ߵ㵹ˣߣϵͳҶҪˡ
鿴ټ˵
ǣʥһظֹ˵漴ʧ˹С
һκûᡣк
ɸ߿УҶСͶ˾Ȼǵͷμҡ
¶һ˿Ӻͱˡ
һԼļѾ׵ʧһ˿ϣҲûˣ˵УԼĸ⣬˶İˡ
һ˿ϣ뽫˶ᵽһǣǵѾ׵ˣЩ˴һǶὫһļȮǸûһ顣
һγ׵ĶԼʧˣҲã֪һʲôļ塣ῴ۵ǸСĵطһ˵˵
ⶼңҷҪģģԺҲܰίҶСһ˿Ǹ˵лмᶨ
Ҫô˵֪ⶼΪҡὫԴ῿ҶСļͷԺҵ˾ֻʣˡ
ԣáҶСЦЦ
ҶˣСС磬鿴һ£СھûСץҶСֱ˵
ãҲ鿴һ¡ҶСЦЦչԲǧķΧԺг֣һһţ鿴Ŷ䡣
һҶСջŶЦЦߵˣߡ
뾩һǧ⣬һУһŮţп㣬һ˫˶ЬһһСһ¿˵Ĵ硣
֮ҶҪȥأҲ֪ĵ绰롣һǰһʱʱСͣһӡ
ߣһҪҵҪȻͻץȥ˵ܲһ·ϵСʯӣԵޱȡ
ͻȻ䣬ռ΢΢ҶСͶ˵ĳ֡
ǰˣ΢΢һ㶣ǶҶСʱС¶˾֮ɫ
򣬽㡭첽ܵǰ˵˶ỳУһСһ㡣
ʮˣôСӡ¶͵Цݡ
ڽǰԶСӣգſɰĴ۾˵˵ţĿͶҶС磬һڱʯģΪÿԺҾҪͶˣɲҪŶ֪ˡ
һû˵ʲôأ͸ҴһñӡҶСЦ˵ڶԴࡣ
ҵԴĹĵĿҶС磬һܲ˵
ãҲԴˡҶСǺһЦһֱСӡ
㣬ôˣʵ
ղŴӼ֪һѻԼķӣ˳ȥ󵨣½Լ˷Уװ˵
㣬ҿɲ㣬һý򡣡һ˵˵ţһҶС磬¶һ˿ĺΣ㣬ҪѽҲҷֳһҡ
ֻҪԸ⣬Ҳû˵дЦ⿴ҶСһ˵
򡭡ҶСһֻ첲ҡҡһҶСĹͷˡ
ЦɲҪŶ㻹кܶ㡣ҶСЦЦ߰ɣģнһ뷹ԣһһ롣
ҶСϽת˻⣬˭֪龫ֵѾͷ˵춯ص顣
ռ΢΢˾ʧˡ
һƬãɽɽһռ΢΢ҶС˴˴ո׼ٴδԽռصһʱͻȻ䣬ʮƳ
·ھ֮һƬռ䶼·һ㣬ڴ˴ҶСͲܹԽռ䡣
ЩƺΪһĵҶСѹȥҶСɢεĹâ˰У赲סǹƣҪȻԶͶΪһѹ¶ܵˡ
ʱʮ˵ɫ۵ŮҶСΧǷ·Ѿ׼˺ܾһ㡣
ʮɢſֲĺ⣬һǿҵ˼ɱ
ʮˣҶС΢΢ȣԽռľ룬ԷܹԷΪǷһ
ˣЩɢΪûκθľżһ㡣
򡭡Ҫˡ˫ڱʯһӷ˸Ĺâ
ҶСЦһ£һҴ򲻹ǣǿɾΣˡ
û£ŽûûεЦ


1450 ʮ˷ħ
ҶС˶һۣȻĿͶʮ֡
ʱͻȻ䣬ʮֶΧҶСתת۾ͳһӰӣһ˸Բ׽ǵӰ
һɿֲƴϱųγһ״壬Ƭռȫ·ҶСһ㣬ÿһϵƶǰ˲ֹ
ʮ˷ħ󡭡ҶС˫Ŀбŷ⣬һ˿ء
ʮ˷ħ󣬿Էһأһڣеˣÿһڵ͵òκβ䣬ҹҲһ룬Ͼ쾳ߵĹ̺֮ϬޱȣطȻ͡
ҿҶСĹڲͬҪȻһλˣˣҶСҲò
Ͼʮ˲õУԷʵǹٶȡ˺ܶ࣬ٶȽ˺ܶ࣬ǻЩӰսء
ץסҵ½ǡҶСűĸ첲˵
ͶȻ֪ټҶСĸ첲ƱػӰҶСսϽſҶСĸ첲ץסҶС½ǡ
ɱһ𣬷·ɱһ㣬һܣ·ܹ˵궳ˡ
һʮ˵ֲÿһж̺ŻԵ
ҶСҲӲʮ˵һĹ
ҶСһεȻͬʱŶͶˡ
䣡
ʮ˵ײһ籩ȥӿȥÿһ籩׾ٵĻʥһصĸ֡
ɿ񱩵һӰͻأҶСǰһȭҶСಿλȥ·ҪҶСֱӺ顣
ȭͷûٽһɿµľͳ˹ҶС۶ɵ·˺ˣҲҿʵޱȣ֮壬ҪȻɿµľ£붼Ҫˡ
ҶСûκԥͬһȭԶԷʵҶСһȭɲ򵥣̺ſֲľϵ֮
䣡
һռ·һ·ǻ˷Ľâ˵
ǡϸ΢Ĺѵ𣬰һҶСԷʮ
һȭҶСѾжϳ˶ԷԷΪʥ۷壬ʮ˷ħļӳ£ʵȻﵽʥس۷塣
ˣʮ˵ǿȼߣ϶ԺʥظֵǿҪȻҶСһȭܹһ첲
֮ɢ˿Ӱ쵽ľ񣬶ʱ䣬ή˺ܶ࣬Ӱ˲ʧ
УҶСٶܵ˼ƣȣܹпռ䴩ԽһӾҶСۺʵһɶࡣ
ʮ˾дռ߾ߣҶСһơ
ʧһֳҶСǰгһѿһռ񶼱и룬ϬĽ⣬ϢӰȥٵٶȣǾɱ
ҶСҽŲ̤˲׵ľ룬һ⼸ǲ¡
˫Ŀųһɷâֱ֮ųӰΣһӴ֡
ۡһѪȫںеĸļλ̳һѪâ֮ƻṹ
ʱӰٴʧ·ûгֹһ㣬һֳ֣ٴҶСչ˹
ЩɢͬҶС绹ΪǶͬһˡ
ֹҶСһβûн¶ԷĹ̤ңҶСŶͶ˳һյĿռС
Ѿʮ˵սʽÿһΣỻһˣΪҶС˵õǳս
һյĿռУϹǲܹҶСҲܹ
ҪʩչĹȴҪһʱ䣬ղһֵĹһҶСûа취ʩչң̤ټ٣ټ棬һʱѿҶСĻᡣ
ҶС˫ջһ켣ûһӵʱ䣬һȦȦεɢ˳ȥ·һƽĺзȦȦ
ǿҶС粻׶ԸӰ̫ˣʮͬʱ֣Ǵµ
ҶС˺ǲһƬƬ飬ֻˡ
˵¶˳ʮһͬҶСȥǸոյҶСǰʮ׵ľʱͻȻ΢΢һٶȽ˺ܶ࣬ϵƾͼһ룬ǵľҶС˺ˡ


1451 ȫɱ
ʮ˷ɱħУҶС˫ֲջ˫ֵĻ¸ͬศɣͺ̫һһ̺ϵ¡
εɢͻȻ䣬죬ʲôһĪĸоƫƫӨѩƮ£ÿһƬѩ̺ϵΰͰأع
ѩкɫѩɣһĪɢ
ҽҶС˹ĺһѣ··Ǳһεƻϣһѷγɣڻͬѩһڡ
Ѫϵ£Ųҽ֮ԷʹǷʹǾϵʹࡣ
ʱѩڣɫţȫӿЩڡ
һɺɫЩȼȼǵꡣ
𡭡һŷŭЩ˺зµƳҪӴֹĻ档
ҶСɫһ˿΢΢Ĳ԰ףһһɷâ֮·һϬ˼˿ߣиգҪһʱ佫ʮȫնɱ
ʱռˣʣİ¶˳ÿ˶һµҪ赲ҶС绮ķâ֮
䣡
â֮ײһ𣬱ŷϿ񱩵Щ̺ŻԵ
ղǰֵĺûʲôʮȫ˳ռһˮһĺۼ
ҶС˫ĿâʹöʮɢΪµĹǵն
ۡʮͬʱһѪ˲̶ͬȵƣҲҿǿȽ䵭һľżҪȻ»ֱˡ
úã򣬼֧ͣ㡣ҶСĶһ˫ڱʯһĹâһȤӣ·ûаĺ¡
ҶСû첻µزµѾͷʱʱݴ˷·ǻһȻâ
䣡
µķâ֮ҶСϱŷֱƬĿռʱ˿
һԲεĿռѣ·һ
ۡܵǣʮֶһѪޱȡ
һƬռķƳҶС·ǲھ죬ûյκƣһʵȫܹ˳
Ȼ䣬ҶСӰʧͻأͳʮǰһ׵ĵطһգƺƵӿ۳һƬĹââ䣬ҫ
ݡһƬâأ֮Ŀռٴαһ㣬ռ䶼Ť۵
һƬռʮգӰĶϴף·ǹŴսһ㣬ЩȫǸ߿ƼƷöֽγĺϽ
ϽչԼãҲǿӵԶϵ
ɣѾԤˣսȥʮ˸ͶҪɥˡһ˵
û뵽ʵȻ־磬󳬹ǵԤƣֻЩǰȺ̬ܹԸ±ӳ飬ֻҪϣܲˡһ˵
¶һ˿ĲʣȻ˵ͷ˵ˡ
ʮַ·ǽӵĳźһ㣬һ׷״Խռʧ
ҶСбų⣬˵ӣܹܵȥ
˵еĹâʤһΧû˸ղƬâС
һƬâʧ·ҲǴԽ˿ռһ㡣
һҵ漴һʮɶ೤Ѫɫյ£ʮ˵Ӱȫг֣ǲȱ첲ȣÿ˶˲ʣˡ
ʱͻأ䣬ҶСгһΣյϢչֻ̺۵˼µĹâ˳ÿһâſµĴ͸ռ䶼ڱá
ʲôâȻ˿¡ҶС˫Ŀһһ˲
ҶСʱʮ˵ĸֱһεҪ֮زز
һĻҶС˫ĿеĹâӱˣȻа֣Ȼ͸Ӳܹˡ
˵ţҶСһһɷâ֮ӿʮɳ˿ߣиȥһƬռ䶼·Ǳһ㡣
ۡһѪųһƬռ䶼·һѪ꣬ʮ˾һʬʣʮȫ
ҶС֪Ȼ򣬾Ҫõʹ˵ͷҪȻЩǲ˼Եġ
ҶС硭һŭ


1452 æ
һҶС˫ĿһУһָȭͷϸķâ֮ӿƳգչȥ
һƺ漴ƽ·ʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
ʱãɽͣ˵ѷ죬кܶɽǱƽһ㣬·Ƿһ͵
ԺҲڹòãҶСĸ첲ڱʯһǳݡ
ԡҶСЦЦӦȻ̧ͷ
ǻ˵ˣӦˣֻл˵˽ƼƼ治СǵĿƼȻܹ赲κϢɢһһϸ鿴ֲˣǿֲҶС
ҪȥգŴ۾ʵһӡ
ȥ֪ˡҶСһЦȻŮƿնȥ·һӾʧһ㡣
ɽׯһڣɫϣһϵսײѷ죬·Ҫˡ
û뵽ʵȻѾ־磬ֲ̫ˣ¾ŲʮСһ˵
ս׵־磬𵽵þСˣʥ£𵽵ñȽϴ󣬿ҪһսˡһŹâ˵
һս̸װսҪľǲϣϵǿȸͲҪϳͲٶҪʱ䡣
ҶСȥڣǾ͸òϵͳ뾡鿴ƼƵʲôطΣ鱨ȥֶԸʵڲǿԽһʧ͸¶ȥ赶ɱˣһܸȤġ
赶ɱ˵һҪͻȸ˫ʵûʵֻΪ룬⣬Ҫƣ˲Ϣ䣬˵˲ʱ䣬ͻΪȸ
ڻЩ۷׷׵ʱҶСŶͶѾصһ
˵һ󣬶һӱϲطһȥһõСŮӡ
ҶСЦЦһڣʱĽѩǼŮѾعˣ˭ڣ˭⣬ԼţҶСˡ
ֻŷǧ֪£ҶС罫ŷǧݵǷݼƻ¥УŮˣǷݼƻŮ
ǻ϶ͬһݼƻϵݣϣŮҪʲôš
ˣҶСӰʧһɸ߿գʱŵϵƼѾٴβ棬̫ܵذ塢ˮȵȶѾװˡ
ԱһľʮĹţдų룬ǵ˶סԱᡣ
ŵϣдѾˣʹߺ̡ࡢϵİ£ÿѾֳ˺üĶأԸ
ǵҶС΢΢ͷһŵ졣
ŵڣһľ¥ΧЩľ¥Щھסĵطǲóһ󷨣Խ񹬰ȫȫػС
ҶСһ·ȥЩڼҶС׷׵ͷ㹻أǶ֪һȫҶС磬ҶС磬ǾҪΪ˵߹˻߿ˡ
񹬵ĹŴţ߸վһɫȹŮӣŮüĴһɫͼ仹ܹйâת
ҶС˹Ů˫۸߾٣ͷһµƣߵǶƽʱֻܹǣķԸǽҶС˺ͬȵλϡ
Ȼе΢΢ĲķԸǲܹ档
߽񹬣һո˽ȥӰͳİɫϡ
ʱϢԨ纣һĪĸоȻǱ߹󣬷·ǴϽµӡ
ȫˣŸϵŮӣҶСʵ
˵ͷʵʲô飿
ѵû飬ͲˣҶСЦЦʵϵıûʲô仯ҶС˵ʵġ
ֻǵעҶС磬ȻƽҶСȻܹо̺ŲŵϢ
ðɣұˡҶСޱƵ˵
Ҫæһ׼һʷǰĴ󷨣Ҫܶĵ죬һæϣܹæڶļʶȽϹ㣬ȥƼһˣǹ⻷һЩҶС翴˵
Ҷ˵ʲô⻷һϲͨ񿪿˵
ûϵֻҪһһõĻˡҶС絭һЦ
ԣʲôʱʼ
ʱ


1453 Ϊ
ҶС񶼴ӦҶС罫žǳչǰʱˣûмôֱʣóһ󷨾Ȼôĵ죬ֱǺš
ӦҶСҶСȺããĵ죬ݶŲƵʱͣЩľѾ̫̫ˣϰ죬Ӹ߿տ岼·һС͵ϵ׳
һ׳٣İæʱ䣬ҿλ֣ҪȻƾһ˿¶һڡ
һкȥƼӥɶϵͳĸ졢߻
ҶСΪһΧҪİ˴첼󷨣󷨵򣬲õļ죬ʱ䣬ϵȫˣһΪģһԾŹΪĸ󷨡
һкҶСŮҶС󷨣ŮŬΪĻȫ˳
ҶСһʱ䣬˵ѰƼϢǷƼеԱʧһܲѰǴһЩֿ֪ҶС¥Ŵ󺣵ķϷȥ
ãã󺣣Ѱ˺ܾãûҵκȻûз
ǵһٶȻ˻Ҳ׷״˵˵ڸʲô׷ѰƼԭΪʲô
Ȼ֪ô£ǾʲôҪ飬ҪȻ˵Ҳôʦڡ
Ǵ̽˺ܾãȻûеõʲôõϢ
֤ʵܲ򵥣ǺǸǼӴ˴̽Ϣȡ
ʱƼһƵ⻷ָϵͳкܴĴٽá
һʱڣһִʮ˳ǻصһŵϣеľ׼ͻƣеЩӢѧԱĵָЩѧԱ
ʮʱһζ˶ʮʱ䣬˶ƼϵͳһȻʮֱܣ˿û͸¶ȥøǿҹע
˵֮ô࣬Ϊ˴ĻɣܵԽãԽǲ׻ɣɽ赶ɱ˵ļƻ
ʱУҶС˫Ŀ˫Ŀбųâޱȣ·һƬգһְһеĸо
˿ŮѾˣǶ˳ȥŮΪǰʥʥʱѾˣع
ֶһ޾ܹпһˣôʱǵΪѾһƿֻܹƽʱһЩ
ҶС߳ʱһƬе춼֮УŮѾѧԱľռΪŨңһϲ
λеѧԱѾ˹붼ǳֱʡ
ѧԱλŵϣȫǺ쾳ĸ֣ھӢѧԱŵΧһСϣѧԱһС졣
ĽѩһĹߣȵȶĻ˿ŷǧĴޱȣܹȡ
ʮʱ䣬ҶСѾеˣعһµʶﵽһµľ磬ʹ÷â֮ɱһ
ʱ󷨵ʱҲһ˿ʱʵ˺ܶࡣ
ҶСһ˸߿գ֮ӿ˹ӿȥ·һɿݵĳȱˮ֡
ʮӵʱҶСѾ֮ȫձˣʱΪѾﵽ˵߲۷壬ֻһܹͻƵ߲ˣֻҪһͻƣܹʥسڵĸֶԿ
ʵʥ޵еĴڡ
С硭㽫ȫˣҶСո˫Ŀһ
ȥֻһ׳ȹĽѩվǰһ˫Ŀ峺͸һ˿ľϲ
ţȫˣǼҵѩҳһ󾪣û뵽ôвŻϣúý㡣ҶСЦЦĽѩһ֪
ĽѩһžӲ˺ΣһĿһҶС磬ޣﻹ£ߣˡ
ȻĽѩô˵ģȴû뿪
ҶСһ߳Ľѩǰһ˻С
ô۲ۣҶСĽѩʵ
Ľѩپ巢һ㷴ûС
ֻۣһ㸺ôۡĽѩҶС˵г顣
ǼѩҡҶСǺһЦ˵
ԺѧԺҪˣҪ̫ˡ
šĽѩ˵ͷһܹɵӡ


1454 ݶΪ󷨳
ĽѩһԵĸҴС㣬һŮڹУͥйذɣ
ԼϲŮ˵вŻҶСеȻ֡
æȥѧУҶС绳´һĽѩҶСĻѣΪ˵
ΪҶС磬ĽѩѾı˺ܶ࣬ȣѾǰǰԣͷƢҲǰԴףֻҪҶСŮӶ˵仰̳Ӿʹˡ
ŮӣҶСܾеǷҪЩʲô
ϵʱҪⲻҪšҶС翴Ľѩ˵ϹҳЦݡ
Ľѩһٴһ죬ҶСһۣʲôʱôʵ
һ򶼺ʵġҶСװһί˵
ߣʵĻʯͷˡĽѩҶСһۣͲҶСʵˣ¾ŴգֻҪҶСһ뾡һа취ġ
ʱҵΡĽѩ˵һ䣬ŵ¡
Ľѩ뿪ıӰҶС¶ҸЦ⡣
Ƭ̺ҶСָƽ飬ź岼ĵ죬¶˼ɫ
ӷȥʼղǸ취Ҫٲһ֮ÿ϶ô󷨣Ҳϸʶ鿴󷨣ӣԷֹһ鷢ҶС
ˣ󷨲õĿ죬Ƚ˸Χʮĸ첼󷨣С󷨣ȵõ˵ҶС΢΢һ̾˵ʼռű飬ҩֻ֡
彵ٵʱԽԽҶСԽԽһֽȸУ彵ٺҪǱԼ֮˵İȫȻ塣
Ҫһ㣬󷨱̣˭֪ûгԽʥĸּ֣ĸֵܿɲܹģ˵ݶΪɺα񼶱ĸֶƲˡ
񾳵һҪҪһ򣬵ﵽžʱǾ޵ˣ˵ûܹƵ
󷨵ҪԿ֪ǹϵ󷽵Ĵ⡣
ҶС翪ʼ˲󷨣Ժеȫˣ󷨵ٶȸǿ˺ܶࡣ
ÿСϵ󷨣һγɵľŹγɵľŹԽԽ򵥣ӣĵΧĿͻǿ󷨵ҲΪǿޱȡ
԰ΪģΧʮ죬ҶСҪľǲʮϵ󷨡
ҶСһ첼˰󷨣ϣ¥УĽѩȻѾˣһɬȴҶС磬ûء
ܹŮ˴඼ǿķǵĶ
ϵʱĽѩȵһηˣȻԹҶС磬˵ҶС磬ҶС繴ģҶСЦá
ڶʱҶСող󷨣ǰ׼æеҶСãؼλԼãϾҪȱתеơģֻһ˵ľӡǡ
İæ󷨵Ĳٶ˺ܶ࣬ʮϵ󷨾ȫˡ
һɣҶСļһƬ춼һŨˣһƬط֮ΪʥҲΪ
ֻССһֶѣתЩСͻΧһСתϵһתͬʱϵΰǲ󷨵Ŀ״̬
ʱûд֣ûǸҪ
ڴľžǳóɹһ̡ࡢһƬӣеڴ˵
Ҳ뿴ǣڵĵ찡ǶôƴĹҶС̾һһ뵽Ҫ죬һͷۡ
Ͳ⣬ͻƵ񾳺󣬲󷨵ٶȻ죬㲻ʲôȻҲúķѺܳʱ䣬Ĳãһ᲼óɹġҶС˵
ҶС˵ͷ΢΢һ̾񾳣ǶôңԶ鰡˭֪ҪͻƵҪ¡
ˣ֪񾳵ľôֵģǲǺ졢ʥһǻΪŸȼҶСͻȻʵ
ҶС绰üŬ˼һҡҡͷ˵ܶѾˣҪҵα񾳲ܹ񾳵Ļ֣ҴŻеӡ񾳵ľ񻮷ΪҾ벻ˡ
Ŷ֮û磿ҶСٴѯʵ
ҾͲ֪ˣӦûаɣܲȷ˵һ˿ã
ѧʱҶСͳһ仰ѧģôǷҲأ룬ҶС˦˦ԴͲȥˣ˵̫ңԶˣͻƵ񾳺Ҳ١
¡
ͻأ䣬һ촫·ǻ֮


1455 ʮʧ
𵴣ӿ·ǺХһ㣬ϯ½Ǵبŵմ
оȻҶС΢΢վһ㡣
໥һۣһ߳߳󷨵ķΧ¶ããϿգվա
ˡռз΢Ϊ˶
ľغطɸ߿УʮڵĽʶӰͻأʮɽλãʮڵŻΪһû
ô£ôͻȻʮг
ʮҲʧˣ׷ʲô飿
ֻҪʱһܹͻƣϧˡ
ɽϣܶ۷׷ףǵϧɻ󲻽⣬ӵ
ʱؼ䣬һĽɫӰ֣һɫӰɢſֲƣ·Ǿµľֺƹһռ顣
һº彵٣ˣ׼һɫӰ˵ôһ仰漴ʧˣɢС
ɫӰʧе˶ʱĽԣжһ˿ĻţһЩеڴȵ彵ٺʹնɱ֡
û뵽Ȼô죬һµʱ䰡
ʮ֪£תѾȥʮһ£ϣܶһʱ䡣
һ飬ʵܹһ
ˡΪ彵ٵս׼
ǰھҪ㹻׼Էֹ彵ٺһֲ
ָۣܶ̾ͬʱƿնȥ
ʮڵĴڣ˺ܶмʵֻҪ߳ˣһΪȵӣȻΪԽߵˣԽͻơ
Ϊ쵽ʥһһ׶εĸ֣ǵΪȵӣ֪˶ñʡ˶ʱ䣬֮ܶ˵Ϊ˺ܶ࣬սҲ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ㹻ʵս顣
ããҶСĿԶ·𿴵һĻ
һ£ʱȰұһ㽫õ֣ҪȻһº󣬸ûʱ䡣ҶС˵
ͬĵ˵ͷһ˫ӲѾΪɫĸĵ̾Ȼô񣬹Ȼһ㣬ЩҲһֵʵ
ȷʵ£ǰԣжһ˿ĺ£µʱң˼ﲻһСѡҶСԳһЦ
㵱ʱˣǶĽҪͷܹܵţҪȻùġһҶС磬˶٣˵ЩУʥصĸֲ٣ȥʱҪСĵ㣬ȻЩǲ׳ֵģǶǶԸĵơ
סҶС˵ͷߺͽˡ
ģ󷨺ңһƬǹܹݵĻҲ˶áҶС˵
Ǻǣ˵Ҳǣ׼һƬزóһ֮ͬʱ󷨣ֹÿ죬ÿһϲó󷨣ֻͨܵĴ󷨣ûһݶϵĵ֮䲻贫󷨣׼һ޵񽻸㡣ҶС翴˵
Ϊ˷ֹڼڣѯʵ
ţӴʲôУ˭֪Ҳûڼ飬ʹûҲΪ˷δȻҶС˵鼫Ϊ档
ҵ㣬Ҳ᲼ô󷨣Ҳ֮ҡҡͷ
ûϵҽ󷨵֪ʶڸ㡣ҶСǺһЦǰ߳һһָüλãʱ䣬һεüġ
һɵüĴָ㣬ҶСĺ΢΢һҲ˵ĺΡ
Ƭ̹ҶСջָʵʮӾܹȫһоͽˣˡ
˵ͷӦ
ҶСͷһ죬Ȼʧˡ
ҶС뿪úʮеķ˶عˣеˣ˶ͻƵʥһʵСǵս飬ʥһûмǵĶ֡
عķˣʵ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ͵ĶأڰʥֻиͻƵʥʮںΪʮֱǷ˷츲صı仯
ȻҶСһĸֵΪ˺ܶ࣬ÿһΪ˺ܶ౶
Щ֮иԴ϶ҲܹСĳؿռڣֻҪؾ˽У϶Ѿﵽ˰ʥ
˵Щ˵ʵͶ˾أһĿ֮
ʱÿһĻѾﵽһḶ́һսͻﵽʱḶ́ǸʱЩֵʵͻ᳹׵ıͨ˵Ĳͻʱһƽʢĵ


1456 һ߳
ռһ룬ããƺƣԴḻǺףԴḻ˳Ծ
½βȵȵȾǰĲҩҩЧҲȫܹǰȽϣҩȴûܵȾҩЧҲãҲܳ˵һȻı⡣
ʱʱΪ߽룬ѰҸϡĲҩǺ׶
ҶС뿪һڵһƬ󣬱߶ѰұڻɽڣڳȵҽɻתΪ
ҪѰҵȱҪѰҵ׻ɽҲÿһ׻ɽڶбֻкٺٵһֲУҪȻҲô
ҶСΣʱʱɢѰŻɽڡ
ҶСںѰһɽڵʱ򣬸֮˶ҶС˵ѰƼΪʲô顣
ϵͳ鳹׵ı¶˳ȥ˶ˣܹʵսĺö˵ܹʮҲ
ȻǶϵͳ˽Ⲣֻ˽һš
ֻ֪ϵͳ൱һһİеĻжԼӵв֮
ܶϵͳ˽ĲǺܶ࣬ǣһЩĶϣܹ֪䷢չǱ
ܶ˶ɳ˸ѰƼҶС䣬ҶСϵܺõһˣ磬СС㡢ȵȸ֡
ҵҲ֪£Ƕ׷ΪܹһƼıʵϵĿƼ
ĸõѰ˺ܾãûҵҶСټ
ҶСĵطж˺ܶĸ֣ȪҲкܶĸֳ֡
һЩֳѩ帽ǿһʱǻĲȥ
Ȫһ¥УˣЩһⲻǸеĸ֣ȫʥǿߡ
Ҳ֪ĸһܵ㽫кȪзˣûҵӰ˵ĸһ᲻ǼҹܻˡһԲϣһɫ۵֣ǱһھƣǳƵ˵
֣ǱΪѾʥأɢϢϿӦøոͻûá
˵磬粻ˣǣåߡһ۱߰ɫȹŮĿһɺǲ˵Ůһ˫鶯ѣ·ɽˮһĸо
ŮǶС㣬ûѾͷͤͤķѾ߹ģ֣ΪȻѾʥһ۷壬ò˶þͻﵽʥء
С㣬ɾͲƽˣǸСӶ֪˶崿Ůֻһѡ֣Ǳǳί˵
˵ĻǸרһˣԴŴӵĶȺͱסˣȻƽʱ˵ݶٶٸŮˣʵһû֮ǰǸУҲĶԴȣϵĹŮӣһζûй
ӣѾС㶨Ϊ˴åҶСӵұеͷģȵģߵŮݺݺ࣬Сȴ϶ҶС粻åʵԽܣ̫ƽˡ
Ӹܹ˵㣬ֻһȽ㣬϶òֶƭȽ㣬ҪȻȽôῴ㡣СգŴ۾˵һ˿ľͱӡ
ҡͷѵҪܹʾ˵ɣ֣Ǳһпǧ˵
ͻȻ䣬·뵽ʲôһ㣬ĿзĹâɫֲ·Ķ˵ֵܣȰһ䣬ҪСǸһߵ̫СѾǸһ¶ͷǸһߵŮѾˣҪСչȥСǲõҸġ
֣ǱһĳӣȫΪ¶С㿼ǡ
¼ѾֻҪͬ⣬С޸е˵
硭ô˵أСһ¶ɬĺΣŤ󣬾ǴȶڼСŮ
֣Ǳȵ˵˻þã̾һ찡䲻һײ˱̣ˡ
ǰײˡСɰ岻˵
⡣֣Ǳߣܾò˵ҶѰƽ˵
˵Щûʲôãؼôܹҵһϼװ˵¶һĨӵɫ
ҵܹôѵҪ֮ϵͳ֣ǱԳһЦһٸԸ⣬ǣΥֻܹӡ
ʱľ᲻ѣ֪ҶС󣬸ôȥ˵ˣҶС磬ֲ


1457 ޷Խ
֣Ǳ⻰һ˶ĬǴ棬ļҶС󣬻ôҲ֪
һԲŶСС㡢֣ǱҶѰѩԲաһġ
˼ĶС뿴ҶС⣬˶ٴһ˿Ŀġ
Ҳûа취ǳѰңҸʲô취Ҫϵͳõ֡
ϵͳǾܲô˽⣬ЩֻƬжܹǿһ棬˵һܹӵϵͳܹͳĸ֡
ôҪҵ˵Ҳȫķ¶һ˿ĸ֮ɫ
仰𣿡֣Ǳһ䡣
Ĭ֪λش
ףɣû뵽ȻǣҲǣֻгǲܹһᡣʱһʵ˵仰һ䳤۵Զ
ʱԽԽһɢһɵϣ·ͳ°˷ţлżˣһ˹
׷飬Ϲңɽ壬İɣˡ
ȷʵɣһΪһ·ġĿƽ˵
ǺǣԵۣҾͼƻǣǶһȥմ֣һپûмҲ֪Ϊʲô硣Զ̾һ˵Ȼ˶һԱߵһԲϡ
֪˻ΪҶС֮Ĺϵжá
Щһһĳ̣˵Ǵ˵ˣ䣬ǵ¡
뵱ǵĸƨ棬Ҳ⡣˵
ĻҶǻˣû˭˭ĸƨ棬ʱδȻɣһеŮ񡣡Զۼľת˻⡣
û뵽ƤԽԽˡƤһһ˵
Ƥĳ̶ȣܹȵǣƽﻹԳΪĺѣأΪϵͳҪѰ׽飬ҵĿĶһٶαˣ˺һߣ¶ʲôֱ𡣡ԶһЦ˫Ŀһɨ˵һ㣬ǾͱĺãٽԼʵĿı¶˳
ʱδԶϵȨƺķ緶Ũˣ·һߡ
Զ⻰һ˵Ǽ˵ɫÿ
һԼѣһǼ壬Ǽм䣬ȷʵù
ôǶ֣ͬ⣬ǻƽס˵Ȼ֪ͲܹƽϾϵͳļֵ̫ˣƽ׵ĻǸó׵ĶοǵΪҶС粻һСѣʹܹõóϵͳȼ۵ĶҲύ
˵˾ǿ棬ǿƶһй
Ը˰ɣԶĿһ
ʱ︴֮ҶСʱ򣬼ǹͬѹܲԸԼҶСϡ
֣Ҳû֪κ𣿡ԶĿͶ˶С
ҡҡͷûУԴһǰϼԭϴնɱ˵öֺ󣬼ҲûдϢ˭Ҳ֪
ǰһǰһΪѾɲ⣬治֪Ϊʲô磬ڴ档Զ̾һ˵
Զһп˵Ŀж¶һ˿Ļį
뵱ϲɽϣҶСһѹһһûһ˲еĹâҶСһڵסˣʱǻͷҪҶС磬޵վߴ
ʱ򣬸ǳ¶ɣƾߵĲʮˣնɱϰһ֣һ֣Ѿһ˦ˡ
һŵǸʱֻܹ䱳Ӱҧ׷
һǰ紫ҶСããһնɱʮʥ֣һϢҶС룬ûмû˵ҶСġ
һʼ£ŵ˲࣬ǱˣҲҶСдʵ
ҶСڱԭնɱܶʱ˾ʶҶСѾԺһĸֿˡ
´֪ԼѾԷıӰˣҶС罫ԶԶ
Ӵ˺йҶСϢѾٴˣҶСԵ͵һ㡣
ҶСһˣǶŬţǰʱһչ¶Լ໥档
һһɵ͵࣬һжҶСһɵġ
һ뵽ҶС磬Щ˶ĬǸ˵Ӱ޷Խɽ塣


1458 
Ǹһˣһ뵽ǸһͶµûţ滳ǸһǲˡֳƵУԶһڳЦЦ˵
˶һ·Ҫеȫ
ڣκ˶Ϊš¶е˵¶һĨڴ·ҶС棬ʶʶҶСΪ
ȷʵˣҪҵԶ˵һ䡣
ߣһ˵Ϊٸʲôãһ˻ܹһԿɣ׷ͻȻ˵˳ҶС磬мֵĲˬϾҶС֮Ѿӣ˵֮
緵ʱҪȻС棬Ǽ˵˳ȥҶСҲ⵽ϹŶĳ͵Ϯ
º󣬺ܶ˶׷飬Ҳ֪׷ΪֻԶӪг֡
Ҳ֪ܲܺǳ¼ҶԿ֪ʱھǳ¼ұնɱ˼ʮ֣ƨûзţ׷¶һӡ֣Ǳ˿˵оǱӡ
ʱҾƵе֮˲٣֣Ǳ⻰ܶ˶Ц˳еֱӽеķ˳
һĻĳ׷һΪ˽ɫ˵ŭɭһЦҶԸҶСˣǶԸ㣬´֪࣬ǷһϬбǱһ˭ӡ
׷ΪѾͻƵʥأԸʥ֣ǱȻڻ¡
㶪˰˭֪֣ģǳ¼ҵĵһˣұȣǸҪҪսĻбսҶСȥ֣Ǳһ֮ɫ˵
֪Լǳ׷Ķ֣£ֻᱻŰɵӵΪŲɵ
㡭׷鱻֣Ǳ˵˻˫Ŀк¶һ˿ĺ⡣
ԸҶСģһСɫоͼΪŭ֪ĻУҪԸ֣ǱͲܣֻܹô޺ͷŭĵףģεĳܻᱧġ
ߣûб£ͱ˵ַϻֻ̧ҶСѣǲǿΪҶСһ׷˵
˭Ҳû뵽׷ԴͻȻô
ǺǣôΪֻҪ֪ҺСǾУ㣬ٺ٣ĳЩһɣ֣ǱһЦ
ž׷Ȼһӣվ˫Ŀȼŭ𣬡㡭
°ɣɲΪܵģΪѰҵҶС䡣ʱԶ˵˿һ۳׷飬˵
׷оЩʣԶĻ˫Ŀбų⣬һ
ѰҵΣ˭Ķ֣ʱһѩ˵
һּΪϢ·һĵ𣬷·ܹ˵ꡣ
˶Ŀѩ˭Ҳû뵽ѩȻ˵
ѵ㲻ΪϵͳԶѯʵ
ǣ뿴ҺĲࡣѩ˵ޱ顣
⻰˶һ֮ɫпֻ뷨
ҶСǿѾȽ֮ˣû뵽ѩȻҶС統Ŀ꣬һͱǿ
־ҵȲ硣ԶһЦ
ߣ彵٣ȥ׼׼֣ǴĸְʱͻȻ䣬һг˳һ˿ı䡣
˿ȥֻһ˶ƤŰӵ˽
곤ĺڷԺ󣬿鼡ⶼ͹Գ̺űը·һȭܹһƬռ䡣
ɢһֿҰ֮һֲص˫Ŀն֮䣬·ռ䣬ǳ
ܹ꣬ܵʲôǴ
ǵʱһʱŹʵ䳤ա
ڷ·ûеֻд忴һַ·޵ĸо
ҲܹպЩ͵˴һõĶǴö֮ҲմȾҰ
䳤߽Ƶ˶ֹͣ˵·𶼱䳤ոסˡ
Ҳȷʵǣһ߽һɽһΡϢӿΪ΢˶ܹϢ
ԭֵܰû뵽㡣ԶǺһЦһֺƴȵĸо
ǰԶǿһҰԣһֻ͵ǣɱ˺ܶ࣬ǵײУһֺĽƻ˲ЩƶҪԸ
ߣһ׸ѡ䳤ղмĿһˣȻطһͬ۵ӡ
ʲô˼˵
˵ѵʱ仹ﱸһΪһº彵һݹףߣб໹ҪҪ䳤˵


1459 
ֵܣ仰ɾͲˣϵͳȫ飬ҶС߲˲ŷ滹涼ǸܹϵͳøЩЩıӰ϶ܹзΪǿϵͳҲֹܹϵͳաԶһȻΪӡ
һ仰ԼţοǱˣȻһЩӹҪģѾѧαװԼһֻƤԼʵʱ򣬲ŻȥƤ¶ǵײС͡
˺ܶ࣬û뵽αô࣬ҶСߵ˲ŲЩΪԼϵͳз
ȻǶΪ࣬ΪβԼԼɵľ似ҩҺСǧó
˵˲õϵͳǸʵ𣿻һԭ򣬺ҶСյ̫ǿʲôΪ룬ȫƨ䳤մ
һ߱׵˺飬кܶ˵ɫÿһЩ¶һĨκ͸ӡ
ǺǣҶ˴ף绹ǺһǿʳҪ־͹̫СˣһĶһСܹյģبŲĵαװѾ׵˺飬ԶԴ촰˵
ˣǴӰûҵҲ̫ˡ䳤ճ˵
ֻҪϣܻҵģֵܣȪΪʲôԶʵ
ΪҶС磬ǿɱ룬ҿɲЩαļһΪͶ䳤ƲƲ˵
ѵֵ֪ҶСԶĿһʵе˶ĿͶҶС硣
֪֪ƨ¡䳤ûиԶɫ
ǺǣҲΪ˾Ҳһ棬ЩʲôŮ˵Щ˲顣ԶһЦ˵
ᵽЩı޳ܣƽ£أڱ¶˳䳤Цһ
ЩھƵʱããУһƬڣʼԽ֮ʹ󷨵Ĳá
󷨵ĸ޽зݣЩǸ󷨵޽ġ
飬û˸ʲôΪ΢ɢһƣǶɪɪοʵִҶСĻ
УҶСѾѰһ죬ϰ׻ɽڣһûҵ
ʵ̫ˣҡźˮҶС
ķΧֵܹĿһͺˡ
ҶСǰУоɫЩˮΪҲܶ࣬ҶСǵΪߡ
ʱһЩײеĺˮﻹҶС統ʳǻûдﵽҶСߣͱҶСϵĿֲϢˡ
ף
ںױСʱʱ䣬ҶСͣӰ¶һ˿⣬ൽǰǧһطΪŨҲΪеΡ
кܶĵطЩطΪȻԭĳЩع˹˺ֵܶطס
ֵطҲܹγĳֱ
һʱ䣬ҶСططĲ֪ĲҩһطһȭͷСԲηʯͷȻ֪ʲôҶСȻ˴ָС
ʱַһĵط⴦طһϤİе㾪档
ȥɣȻĸоǹ顣
ɻҶС绯Ϊһ⣬óĵطζȥ
ӵʱҶС͵ˣһɽȣΪԣ˾ȵǴԵԹŮԻ°빦
ҶС翴˿ܣɽΧʯϣһۼ·Ȼγɵģǰսġ
ҶСܹоЩγЩۼġ
ȻȻֵطڡҶС̾һ˵
˭ʱҶСͻȻһ˫ĿбųĹâֱһұڡ
١һŮӵ漴Ǵұһ꺣ֲϷɫĹâ
һâ۳һŮӵӰ
㣿ҶСĿŮӡ
ңû뵽ܹһʼһΪǻˡŮ¶һĨϲ
ղŸоһϤҲŸ˹ôҶСɻʵ
ʱҽЩѪɷʯ󣬾׼ȥ㣬һ뵽ҵ̫ˣҵҲֻ鷳ǾںεֻҪǷʺĵطҾͻһ·Ů˵


1460 
ŮӾǻΪĶź꣬ҶСҲû뵽
ǰʱ䣬ں׺ͶźֱҲûмŮӲѾʧļУڿֹյĻ顣
źǰѧǷ񣬾Ȼܹ˻ΪڣΪꡣ
ʲôıһУҶС粻֪ҲоֻǰļһܹһС
ôʱΪѾʥһ죬ô졭ҶС˫ĿŹâ·ܹź꿴һͨ͸
ٶȲ죬ܶˣҵȻֻǰƷûȫ۳ΣҪȫ۳ǧѡź¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
һʵʵѪˣ黯ʵɲ򵥣ҪߵΪҪŨ
ģһġҶС翴Ŷź˵׼ǣ
ĴѾˣò˶þͻȫգٲĻҿԸŷ룬ź˵
ңҲãܹ󷨣ʵٶȡҶСһ¶źѾ۳ʵʵ˵
Ǿлˣˣôźʵ
룬öźôãбϢӦ˵ǿ˵Ϊ˱Ҫôһҩ
ź΢΢һ㶣漴üһ˼ӣֺϤ˵
ҶСбųĹâź֪һĲҩѰҲҩһµķ򣬲ǰһͷӬ֪ȥѰҡ
롭ź˼УĺԼļ䣬Ҫ֪ԼǴ˵֡
ҶСûżĵĵȴš
˶ʮӵʱ䣬ź۾ͽȻһ·ҹ飬ˣʱ򣬴ιĺˮ֪˱
ˮУҶСɻĿŶźꡣ
ǣˮСź˵ͷȻҶСһЦܹöЩˮԡ
ܹöǵԣҶС羪ȵĿŶź꣬û뵽ź껹
˵ʲôط
ǵû˵ҿԸʡź˵
ϣĿͶ˹ˮһһ;޴󣬷·Ǵһˮ˹
ź˫Ŀâһץǰһռڵĺˮȫץ˹һֻ;޴ĺ
šŶһֵӶźзˮ΢΢𵴣һֹϵζ
һֻ;޴ĺˮﲻ³һˮݣûзκεҶСһ֣չϸ鿴ȥ
׽˵һֻˮ﷢Ƶ̫ˣ߲Ļ
һֻ;޴ĺˮ˵˼󣬶źתҶС˵֪Ѿ˺֣ܶʮˣ⣬кܶĺˮҪȥ𣿡
ߣߡҶС˵һ䡣
źٴ³˼ڣȻҶС˵ͷʾҶСֻˮӦˡ
ǽʵ֮ƮƮһֻˮıϣҶСӰһҲıϡ
·ǾҶСվıϾǸĪ裬ҶСովޱȵĹâʹֻˮﱳϵļ̱ŷ˳ҪҶС̳һѡ
ߡҶСһһɿֲӽ´ݶ£һֻˮȻһܲˣг˰֮ɫһ˿ίɢŵĿ־
۸ģûмô۸ģһֻӴˮΪǸ֪λǸӲ磬İ
ŹԺһġźһЦҶС˵
ʱĶź·Ѿ׽ȥĳ޷·Ѿȫɢˡ
Ҫ˽ʰһٲſҶС絭˵ջ˽²ȳȥ
ˣʲôһὫϵļһһΪʳҶС˫Ŀбų⡣
źǳǳһЦ˵ͷֻˮ˵һʲôֻˮʵһζȥ
ҶСССѵһ٣ֻˮʵ˺ܶ࣬һӡ
ֻˮűڵζʱҶСź˵ı仯
źѾʱпǧ


1461 ׻ɽ
ãã򣬹ޱߣ·Ƭضˮɣˮӣֲ죬ˮ
һ޴ĺϷǧĺеɽһһݺύ·ǱһϿһ㡣
һɽͨɽϣɫֲïܵ͸µĺ
һƬУ͵޽һɽΧסЩ׶ÿһֻΪʥ
뺣׶һĵطʮ໥ۣЩ˵Ϊ͵Ķʥأʥصĸࡣ
ҪҪЩʵǿĺ׶ﶼնɱˣ
ǲҪޱȣʵǿޱȵﲻǣ˺ķˣǾͶҪƬˡ
ʵһԭһǶ֣пһƬֵע⣬Ǹʱ͵òʧˡ
˵͵ȱֵ͵
֪м꣬ʱӦø˭أ
ƾֶΡ
ʱҶСͶźѾֻӴĺѾȥ
ֻｫҶС͹ҶСȥʱɴ⣬ٶȼ죬·һ⣬ǺҶС練һ㡣
ҶСˮƽǳһ˸Է֡
Ǿ䣬һ߿һͨɽһЩ̸ֵ
ǵ̸УҶС֪Щ˶ñһΪҩҺе׼Ե˷õȵȡ
ȴûһʲôģȻҲУǶ͸¶ѡ
пܾɽڣɽһɽźָɽ˵
ҶСͬĵ˵ͷе֪ɼµĻԣתΪγ˼Ϊĵرɽڣ治֪ʲôطֱ
٣ڲȥժ𣿡źɻʵ
ڻʱ򣬱ֻȫҩŻŨ
ʲôʱŻȫ죿
ɽ緢ʱźоʣҶСĵĽͣһɽǻɽڲȫǹ̵ҽΪϵЩµȣɽûбһȫ죬ͲЩˣɽŻ緢
㶮ࡣźĹâ˵
Ҳ˵ģЩһϲô˽⣬˵֪öࡣҶСҡҡͷЦ˵
ȴʱ䣬ͻȻ䣬ΧͨɽΧĺǶ겻Ķ·Ҫʲôһ㡣
¡¡
Ӻ׵·Ǻ׵ɳʲôһ㡣
ʱ׶·ʲôµһ㣬׷׺ܣһӲ·ĸо
ΣյôĸߣЩ׶ǱӣҶС˫ĿһУĸܵͨɽһɿֲܹһʥصĸֺƬ
Щ׶ӣʮַ׷ԶȥҶСҲŶźԶ룬˾ɽ幫ĵط
ҶС뿪ǹǺǹ󣬻ҪķѴȥ赲ܹ㿪ƫƫܣɵӵΪ
ôˣʲô£
ѵǱҪˣ
пҪȻЩĺҲ׷ܡ
ҪѶȲСЩһ赲ǡ
۷׷ףÿһ˿ͨɽж¶һĨڴ
ǡͻȻ䣬΢춯
һɽɽѳѷ죬͸ѷܹɫɢŸµʯ
¡¡
ҿɽϹ£ЩɫֲȫȻ
๾࡭Сγɣˮھҵķ·Ƿһ㣬һƽ
䣡
ͨɽͻȻը˿һɱꡢȵ̺ŻԵ
ɽĺˮȻתΪը˿Ϻˮھ޴Ŀֲ£ϳȥ

Ƭĺϣͻأ䣬һ緿ݣɵˮгһʷǰĺХ𣬸ߴʮɵˮǽƺƵӿȥ̺޾
ǴȻΰ͡¡޾
ףȵҽܱ䣬ЩҽӵſµĴ͸ԣһѰѳˮвϴƺˮ
ۡܶຣﶼڱҽը˿߶ѪҺֱ
Щûбҽ·ŭɽȥ
ɽܽЩ֣϶赲סЩ̹ĳҽǸͲЩ޵Ĵһ׷ȵĶɽѰű
ҶСҲһ˫Ŀ磬ܹЩڵĺˮɽ


1462 
ϲӿ̺ŴȻϵΰܶൺ춼ûˣһռеھҷ׵ı䶯Ӱ쵽˺ϣ֪׵жôӡ
ͻȻֵĿֲȻȻ˺ܶ˶ע⣬·Բڵ߶һǶ׷׸˹
£ȵҽڲϵ緢ǳȵ¶Ⱦܹʥ֮κθ
ɽгҽУһǳɫâΪҫۣ·еȶȣĿһ˵۾һĸо
һֱԼΪһ׵ǳɫâȻ˵ע⣬Щʵĺ׶Ҳһ
һ˾ǳȵĹâ
ޱȣ˵Ѿˣϵıʮꡣ
ÿһ˶һԾԾԵӣҪֽõ֣ʱûȫӳȵҽг
ʱȥñһĴʱһ˹붼˭Ҳɵȥ顣
Щһǻϰꡢǧ˻ˣϳɾˣ˭ǰ֣˭Կǲʵġ
ƾֶγɣ뿴˭ܹõһָп˫Ŀоȫʱżֲ
ҶСҲĶű˫Ŀܹ͸ǳɫĻ͸ı
һͬһ㾧Ө͸ҩҶƬΪУ·Ǳƽ״һࡢ·͵ĸо
Ǳû뵽Ȼôһλһ㡣ҶС̾һ
٣ҪҪȥȡʱźҶС˵
ȥ᣿㲻»棿ǿǸĵػ𡣡ҶСɻ˵
ֻҪҪҾͻΪõҲ˺˶٣ϾⲻǵػĻҾͲˡźһЦ
ˣô˵ҲǸĶﵽתľ磬ͻ῿ˡҶСЦЦ˵Űɣһͻ
ҸɣܹĽָϡź췼ҶСһָϴŵĽָ˵
ðɣҶС˵ͷźȻһЦΪһ⸽ҶСĴָϡ
ź걾壬ʵϲһСֶζѡ
ҶС˫ĿоŵɫĹâ
ʱŵɫâѾƮɽϿʮɣҽѾΪ˰ɫ¶Ƚ˺ܶࡣ
ಡĺ׶űȥǶ뽫ɵΪ
֡Ҳ֪˭˵һЩҲűȥ
ˡ΢΢һȦȦɫâչȥ
ꡭЩ׶һȫΪ˱𾪵Χĺˮȴûн죬ͷƤ顣
顭ЩͻȻ˿ڻˣЩ׶ʬȫʧˣ·Ǵûгֹ
һĻЩһһ˭Ҳû뵽ȻֹܹǶûͣΣűȥ
Ȼǻۣ̫ˡҶС˫ĿŹâȻﶼģǿǵֲټ˵ûУȶ￪ϰٱ
ɱͻȻ䣬һɱ𣬳ֲϼ䣬·Ϊһռ伤ˮΪ˴ӽṹÿһӶ̺żµ
ۡ䣬ÿһϵܶຣ׶ﶼµˣѪΧкˮȾˡ
һֻֻޱΪһ߾ʬ塣
䣡
һɺˮѹγɵķһСȭͷʱʮֻʥĺ׶ﻯΪƬ
ݡ
һӰƺˮɶĺӰܾȻա
ʮֻ׶ﱻն룬ʮɵѪӿȫܽ˺ˮС
սʼĺɢһ߰ӡ
ЩһűȥһֹЩޡ
ҶСһֱûж֣дɻ֮ɫĿű
ԱѾӵǻۣΪ˴ʱߣҪܵĻܹߡ
ѵûȫɱ䣿ҶСͬʱ֣ϸĹ۲ű
ֳıȻܹ
޾ӿ˱Ө͸ҶƬ·ǳһ㣬һƬƬΪʵ·ʵһ㡣
ΪעĿıľƬһҶƬЩȫӿƬҶƬС
ƬӨ͸ıΪ˵ɫ·ڳɳһ㡣
ҶС綼ܹϸܵ


1463 ػ
Ȼǻûȫ죬˶ˣӻɽг󣬲ûȫ죬Ҫȫ죬Ҫϴ񣬽ǾƬҶȫΪǳɫҶС
ʱЩѾĺɱһѪ·ͨ·
ҶСܵɢĽŨˣٶȣ»ҪʮӵʱܹǾƬһҶƬתΪɫ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСоһȵĲܱĿǣǣǼΪС˵ֻлıܶѡ
ܵȵĲҶСȣû뵽ĸоôȻܹʵΪԾ
ѵֲĸо˵ҶС
ʱսȻڼÿһֶЩޣűȥ˭뽫õ
ʱ䣬ǰһ˫Ŀų¶һ˿˷ܣһֱۻûűץȡ
ˡ΢΢ҡΣһȦȦε̺һ·ܹһУкܹڻһС
һֱ۾Ȼˣ·ΪʵʣȻʱ侲ֹһ㣬һּĸо
ءֱ۱飬ΪƬȻʧΪ
ţһĻ˫Ŀһâųһֵƾն
֮ĺˮնˣһɿµľűӿȥᣬ·ǻΪһ⣬űɱȥ
סܹö߱һֺһ䣬Ҵһ
ڴͬʱֶܶ˸ԵĹҪǰִƬǰֵٶȼ죬Щ׷ϲٶȡ
ڶֺ׶ĿУѾ˱ǰ׵ľ룬ɢֹâղһֵնˣƺһӦӡ
ۿ־Ҫժͻأ䣬һâ֮ٶȼ졣
ȥժһᱻâ֮ˣˡ
ȣѡ˷˱Ų̤ʮףһȶһâֶ֮ôܼ
˭ַŭĺһŭۿҪˣһΪϬķâܴ֮ɣ鲻ܷŵ˭϶ἫΪķŭ
ҡһʵһƬռ
һˮ΢΢ζҶС˲˱ǰ档
ΧĵɫΣûӰ쵽ҶС磬·ҶС粻һ㡣
ղһâ֮ҶС緢ģֹ֡
㣿ҶС磿һʱͷʢҶС磿˫ĿкҶСʵһӸµӣƲҶС硣
ͷʢҲֻ֪֪ҶС磬һ޶ҶС硣ҶС絭˵
ݡڶӰȫҶСΧм䣬Χĺ׶Щ׶ղѾЩɱˡ
ʲô嶼оµײеޣǲбħ
Щ׶ҲĶҶС磬ǶʥĶѾǻۣȻܹһЩʽҶС类ôΧţҲûжôĶš
ѹһĵһ֣Ȼһ԰ΪɫɫƳ۵궢ҶС˵
ҶС磬û뵽ܹ㣬ҪƬˡһ߳޵ĿҶС˵·ҶС֮ʲôһ㡣
ĸˣҶСƽʵ
ǳ¼ҵˣնɱһߺ˵Ҳãһ·ϲٹµˡ
նɱĳ¼˶ˣǸ˭֪ղ˵һ仰ȷʵٻµˣΪȥҶС˵һӣ˿ЩֵΧ
ҶС磬һλᣬȥҪ⺣ˣҲ뿴һλ콾䡣һ˿ҶСȰ˵
ллȰ˵˵ǣֻҪͲǲժҶСɫᶨ
Ǿ̫ϧˣһλܹ赲ֵĽ˧֮žҪˣһ֣һ顣˵
ҶС磬ѵô˵Ƥӵ²ժɣʱղűҶС赲˵˵Ƿŭͺ⡣
ôҾһ仰ֻҪڣǾͱõҶСĿһɨ˵
һˣȥͱڻûг죬Ҫػ
ĿǰĸȫûգȡͲƶҶСֻܹػ
Щ˶ΪǣҶС絣ĵǸղŻɽΪĸ֡


1464 1
˵ôϻʲôϽ֣ҪȻһƬΧˣֻټʤ㡣һɫۡԸ𱬵˺ܲͷ˵
˵֡һΪʥصĸֺ
Ҷ
Ϊʥصĸһ˫Ŀоһ٣ʱ䣬Ϻˮ۳һ޴ޱȵҶһƬҶգ·أ̺ſֲ
һƬ޴ޱȵҶһƬռ䶼ڵסˣһϵΰڵ
ͻأ䣬Ҷۣգͬ˺ˮеһ΢ռ䣬ƬҶĸۼҶɢĪ⡣
Ҷ·ǳſһƬأⷽҪҶСȫУѹһ΢ȻʧͬʱҲڳȡǺˮе΢
ľԵͿռ֮Ľϣޱȡ
ҶСҲܵһڳȡԼϵһɵ赲ǹɳȡ֮
ҶС˫Ŀһֱ۷·Ϊһ𣬻Ƴա
ҶСҶҶСһ˿·ǲ졣
ƬҶ·ǲһƬƬ飬Ϊ˴
ҶСЦһһƣˮһεһӿʥظϡ
ʥֶʱήҲ·Ǳѩһڱѣһˡ
ʱֵĹˣһӿȣ̺ŻԵһƬռڵĺˮȫˣ˵һƬڳһƬյش
ЩͻҶС粻ܹܣֻܹӲһܣ±Ҫݻˡ
ЩҲҶСڱű֪ܲʲôԭ򣬵һ㣬ҶС붼ܣȻҲ˼֡
ҶС˫зâ֮ųջ·жĳعЩϬĹȫԶɢˣ·һεЩϡ
һĻڶֶһȻҶС⣬ͷʢǶţʶҶСʵ֪ʲôʢ֮ʿʵЩһ֣ûһܹ֮ȡ
Ҫõ뽫նɱǵĹһ𡣡һǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ʵѾ󳬳ǵϡ
û뵽ʵֵز
ǧ겻˽ܰ겻䣬һ¡
ЩһпҶСĿⶼ˱䡣
ҶСŲʲô˫֮лһۼ̺Ǵĺӡ
һȦȦεĹɢ·ˮĲһ㡣
ЩΣҶСʮʹ⣬˸Ϳ
ˮÿһɢżΪЩһŻ磬ɣ·ЩڻڣЩʵʵľ֮۶ɵġ
ܰ㣬Ʈˬ
ÿ˶ԾһǻΪǱɢζʵȻЩζЩɢζ
ԭζš㣬ζȴŨܰ㣬Щֶûע⵽Щ
ʱܶҽЩһ飬ѳѷ죬·Ǳʴһ㡣
˾ȵǵ帯ˣȴûһ˿ѪһήңܵĪش
Ŀֲɱ޴࣬Χ㡣
ʮֶˣЩΪߵҲʥڶѣ赲סҶСĹ
ǶҶСĹͲ˽⣬һӾ˵
ҶСûͣ񹦵ڵΪϬĹ
ۡʮȫһѪÿһ˶ϼˡ
Щǿ־壬ܸղѾʶҶСʵû뵽ҶСʵǳǵԤƣֱǲ֮ƥС
ʵ̫ǿˣЩ˸ͲĶ֡
Ѿɳ
ߡ
ʮһƴȫܣѾ׵ĺˣҶСʵǸо־塣
ղҶСֵӿƵᣬ˭֪ҶС绹ʲôֶûʹ
ڻ뿪˭֪ҶС绹ʲôֶΡ
ߣղ׼ΧɱҵƶʧˣҶСЦһ츳ó
ɢԲϰٹڵĺˮҶС綼ܹȫƣʹۣ֮ÿһζܹĿơ
ءҶСĸ֣з·̺ΰ
ǡԲһٹڵĺˮȫı˽ṹ˱飬ⲻǲͬı飬Ǽµĺ
ЩܵĸȫˣһܣϵϢڽɢ


1465 2
ףһ߾ʬƯ·Ǻ׵ǱγɵĻʯЩѾȫնɱˡ
ûбҪĲɱЩˣ彵ٺЩܹһСӵĻ㹻ͷۣЩʥ˾ĸֳ
ʱŵЩˣ»ĸҶС粻òΪñĳɳЩֻˡ
ҶСŤͷ˿ʱľƬҶƬֻƬתΪǳɫٶȻҪӵʱܹȫ졣
ӰµȲˡҶСü˵һ䣬˫Ŀйâųܣ·ܹԲϰٹڵһС
˫лΪӿ˹˫ֵĻǰĺˮйһö̺ķġ
һöĵһʸոջ꣬ʱ䣬һӿΪһ⣬û˺ˮС
ҶС˫Ȼһööγɣû˱ΧĺˮС
һʮöģÿһö̺Ųͬ£ҶС綼ʧƬ򣬷·ûгһ㡣
һκϢ󷨣ΪҶС߳ĸֲܹ˳˶󷨵ˣپ͸͸
ҶС粢ûֹͣ´ЩѾʧȥ˱ʬ壬óһ
ۿЩ˱ʬµںƯʵ̺
һµɱ󣬳Ϊ춼ɷ˲󷨣ʧٻأʱڣһʱڣЩ˿ɷӳǰ󷨺󣬸ܹǿһʱЩ˾ͻȫΪޣ׹ģ
һ˵Ϊ˼ľ磬Ϳתʱգıȥ¸Ƕ󷨺ЩԶиĻˣھܾĥʲôʲôǳŹ⡢ȫܹ˺Ķ
Ȼ˸Щһ˵ӹŵ񣬻ûмһλǿֶΣôҲ֮˵һͷ
ʹҲиĻᡣ
Ǹ⣬Ҳʹִ󷨡ҶС˵
һӺҶС˫Ŀâųˡ
컹ӵʱ䣬ֻҪҶСܹסӵʱ䣬ȱȫܹűȥʱشΡ
ݡˮԶֿһֳЩеΪʥأеΪʥأһΪʥأȴǸոͻƵʥûжá
Ҳ֪ô£磬ʥءغ;صĸֶҲ֪ȥʲôطʲôҪҪ
ת۾ʮֳһЩʥصĸһΧЩ˵ΪϽȥʶʱߣ֪﷢ʲô飬ǵΪͲܲκϽȥҪȻܻ䡣
ϰǧŵ磬ǵȻԼЦ
ˣܻﶺϾ˵ĺıȽǿѾֵ䣬ǵȻ֡
˵뿪ˣһӵʱ䣬Ѿۼʮ֣Ϊ͵Ķʥغڣ˵Ϊʥڡ
һɿµ治֪Ķ˶֡ôĸ֣ҶС̾
ղųʲô飬׻ɽıô˿µ
ǿʮ˾ʬ壬֪ʲô顣
ҿ붼ǻɽбﵮˣҪȻɽҲ̶ֳܴȡһ˵
һѾиֽˡ̾һ˵뿪ˡ
źɡһﻹţͻȻ䣬һ𣬷·Ǻӡ
ҶС翴ȥֻһһڲĴ󺺣ʵ̺űըԵ
һɫˣŻҰɫĳҰɫһ٣Ĵ䣬ʮ㣬ϡ
עĿ˫֣һֻΪɫ·պһֻΪѩɫ·ǰɫĴͬһ˫̺ſֲ
˵ΪѾʥغڣսǿֲġ
Ҳû𡭡źɿһ󺺣¶һ˿֮ɫ
һʱΪò׼棬Ǵһǰǳûнս󺺻ӶкڲĽ˵ս߰Ӷ䣬ξ𣬴֪ԷеĽжء
ûȤźɵ˵ȻŤͷ󺺡
УǱһҡҡͷ˼ᶨ
һ˫ĿбųâһȣеĽ߾٣һʮɵľźɳȥ


1466 󷨸
ϱսܹһսӣ˵ա
羫֣ÿһ缡϶̺ſֲӶһɫâͬɽһƱһɺƴͷĺˮǷһ㡣
ǰĺˮֳ룬Ϊգǿ屬廯Ϊһ⣬ٶȼ죬·Ѿ˹١
ϵܹһƬ½شƬǹֲޱȣɢŻԵ
ûеźǰϵ۱죬Ұɫĳȫɢ˿Ȼûж֣š
źûж֣ٶȼĽȻͣȵͣźͷһߵľ롣
ô֣Ŀźɣ˵
ΪʲôҪ֡źɿŴ󺺵˵
Ҫԡֱ׳˵ͲܶԷ
Ҳԡ
У춯֣ҴͲ˶֡󺺵ź˵
źֱŤͷͲ󺺣ĿͶЩƯںˮеʬ壬ƾǸɤôźɶ
һ󣬴󺺿ɤӺˣڲˣ˽һƵı顣
ԣ󷨵Ϣһ˻ʱһ˵ž⣬·ܹڰеһС
󷨣ˣ
϶ģܷɵͷɲǰ׽еġһʶֵ˵
ܷɣ˾
Ȼô˵һˡ
ڰеҶС簵вãû뵽ЩоȻһͨ󷨵ˣȻʶԷͷܹԷϵһΪ˵ãҪȻҲᱻš
ܷʲôˣ˰
ɣǰû˵ǹªţǰҾ͸˵һ˵
һǧǰǰʥһصΪ󷨣նǶУΪ͵ĶʥأΪߵѾʥأһսԪˣǰһٳ˳Ϊ
жʮΧǰǰζĹвó˿󷨣һǶʮȫնɱˣһǰһʱûٸҵǰĽĹâ
ǰȻôҾȻû˵ǰʵڲ¶һ˿΢΢Ĳ֮ɫ
ǰȷʵ
Ȼģ˵󻰵ˣܷһ˿Ĳ֮ɫ˵
һЦһǰҸûзʲô֣ѵΪѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ľ粻ɣ
ǰǰҲûиоʲô˴ڡ
ߣûвһûУԷҲһ󷨸֣϶κϢ󷨣Сܷž˵
ȻΪҶС˵ܷɱ¶ΪʥغڣʵΪѾʥغڡ
˲֪ҶС֪о󷨲ᵢܹศɣоܹʥعžĺô
Ϊûȥ˴ɻʵ
òǱﻹڣ
֪ǰǸ㾾ɣ
ǰܹе˾𣿡
ܷûлش˫ĿŹâѣɣڣԲ˺ģҲУҺдһ£ͬ
ܷɵһƬ
ߣ潫˵ɵӲɣҶС缥ЦһȻĻ϶ͱ¶ˣĻ˭ܷɵͷ¾ܷҲΥŵ
ӵʱ䣬þʱ䣬ҶСüһ˫ӶЩΨһʥسڸ֡
Ȼ㲻ҾԽ㾾ˡܷ˵˫лһâϴ
û뵽󷨵ͦġҶСһ
ܷһâɢȦȦɨһ򣬾ɨںɨһ
ʱҶС˺ˮеʮöȫ¶˳һööɢĹâ̺żǿع
Ȼʱķģʮöģܷɾһһ֮ɫ
ԷһõʱĳһλֵĴУҪȻԲַģһҪõһҪõõ֮Ҷ󷨵ܹͻƵһָľ磬ܷѹԼеļȻûб¶ʲô


1467 ʱ
ʱ
һãȻǸû˵ʱΪϵˣҲ˵ʱѡ
ʱһ˸ոӵǻۣѧľȡɽоסʳǸʱʱҪԲΪ
ǸʱУԱȽŨ񣬰˽ܱ콾ӿ֣һôվھۣվ߷壬һƽʢÿ˶ﵽǸ磬ǣЩ콾ûһͻƵǸ磬Ҳ֪ع⣬ԭʹȻ
һ˽ܣֻܹʱĳȻΪһg׳־һǻ飬дԣȥһռ䣬˭Ҳ֪
֮Щˣûһ¡
ʱ󣬾͵˺ʱʱ꣬ʱĸлŵģҲ٣ЩȫϹŶΪٶʥ۷壬ڽӽα
Ӻʱ֮Ҳȱ콾˽ܣɢˣعҲıˣ͹Ӱ죬Щ콾˽Ϊĺ˵ţ
Ǹʱ򣬲֪ж˸̾ʱǳһʱʱܹΪһ
ֻϧʱ綫ˮһȥһ콾ʹ˳ûûųԼĹâ
ʱһʱʵ
˶ĿͶһЩ棬ȻѾ˵Ǹʱ˵Ǹʱ鶼˽⡣
ʱһԻͲõʱǸʱÿһӵи컻ص񾳸ֱȱȽǣĵرأÿһ񾳸ӵｭɽưһƺƺƣҲ֪ʲô飬е񾳸ȫʧĴҲķѣݱŵʱܷ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ʱ֪жꡣ
²ɣһ˵
꣬Ҳ갡ʱҲ湻ģЩֵĻҶСʱ֪ʱЩ˵ʱƭˣЩ˶겻ˣÿ˱궼ͬ
꣬һҲꡣ
ǶʱĸְɣҶС
治֪ʲô£Ȼʧһû¡
϶Ƿʲô¼
ʱ̫ˣ޷Ѱҵ
Ѱʲôãʱһƽʢȷչ˼δزʱķȡ˵
ܷżâʮöâõķģѣ㲼õķѾ¶ˣɣҪٲˡ
ҶСͲʱ䡣
Ȼ㲻ķġܷź⡣
λһ֣ʮöȫƿܷɿΧ˸˵
ãһ֣ʲôˣΪҪ
붼ű
ǸϽʮöĴƣʲô
һ󷨾ͨˣӵмǿĺһڣڶַ׷Ӧûһ˾ܾȻҲΪΪ˺ǿҵԭ
֡һһ֣ÿһ˶˿ֲĹâЩâӵŻص
һ˵ֲóķǺѰҵģֻˮƽ󷨸ֻǾ˲ܹѰҵ
Ѱҵ󣬻ҪЩ¶ҪȻôƣΪرǿˡ
£ʮöȫ¶˳ֻҪ㹻ǿҶС۳ķľԻᱻơ
һ۳ŭһצʮöӿȥЩΪֲֻҪһܹĺ飬ҶСͱһӾܹ¶
һ˱˶
ȻѾˣôҾԱ¶ɣҶС˵ȫ컹һְʱ䣬ʱ䲻ˡ
ƮɢصӢ飬յ꣬عɣع塣ҶСͳһֱ׳һ廳·ڵЩȥꡣ
ҶСصãã򣬻صźƺգʮأع򱻴ˣһк£ǵӡ
ô£ղʲô
ģȷʵиС
ɢ·һڣĪĸо
ڶַ׷˵һ˷ܡ

ͻȻ䣬һƬ磬ˮͲӰ죬˶ܹозĴڣ·һɷֱ˵ꡣ
һõں׳֣ЩӰģ壬ϻѷ죬ͺǱֺϵһ㡣
ЩõӰľȻܵĳٻһ㣬ԽҶСΧһ߾ߵıΪ˱ڡ


1468 
ô£ǡǡ
ٻ֮ǣʱ䵹ҲЩӰʲô

ѵһ󷨲ɣŹâ˵·Ҫҵһжͨ͸
һӰûѾ˱֮ڣе˶۾Ƕ֪ô¡
ЩƶʮһתЩ켣·ع֡
һبźƴϢ˳һƬڶĹʮƶγɵľ޴ĥˡ
˵ĹһӾͱΡ
£Ȼôµôֵˣ˲ŵ˵ǲŵĳմ顣
󷨵
ֳһ󷨸֡
е˿һĻЩԾȻǲûжóĹҲ߰˷ֵʵǾȻʮƳˣܹ
ǡʱ΢춯һ沼ѷ졣
صһʮȫˣʮӰǰ
Щûһ˿ǣһɹɿµȴ𣬺ˮҷڡ
ǵȫһһ̣תϵİЩӰϵƸӿֲˣԨ纣ɲ⡣
Χĺˮ̶תٵľ£ȫӿЩڡ
𡭡ʮӰͬʱһ·޵ĺУǽյ˫Ŀɫ⣬ΪĵС
ʮųɿµƽҶСڵƬΧ
ǰʲô󷨣
ӦǷǳϵ󷨣˵һʱĶضʮӰҡҡͷ¶һ˿ɻ
Ϊһ󷨸֣Ȼʲô󷨶ûп˵һ飬һ뵽ҶС粼ó󷨿λ񾳸ĶбһȻ
ǰܹƳ𣿡ʵ
֪е󷨶һ޶ȣҲһֻҪӵоԵܹһƳ˵
֪Ӿܹ󷨳űһ˵
Ͻ֣Էʲôʡ˫Ŀâ
ʱվ룬·е˧ʩû˲ӣʥسڵĸҲûƺƴ
ҵָӣеĹᷭ緢ָ㽭ɽһ󷨴ʦơ
ǰָͬʱ˵ʥظֶԸָϾһλ󷨴ʦܹеĹ󻯡
˫Ŀйâת·һööϸСķת̺ذ
ŮһϸָǰĺˮΧĺˮȫɢһۼ
ˮ̺ž۳һ˿ߣ˫ֵĻγһƴ·ͼɫʣΪѤ
˳Щɫһ˫Ȼ´ǻ۹â
Ļ˶ͷһֲһɹɳԵһźɫٶȼ죬ɫһͼС
ɲǵļ䣬ͼâʢ·ǳâá
һһӶʱһɻصϢǸͼб
һ˲ԾʮӰһӰȥ
һ󷨣ֻҪһˣ󷨾ͻ᲻ơ
һ⣬ҶСͷһʮӰÿ˴һȭеȭγɵ̻һһɡ
һǵ˵ȭǿʮ
䣡
ȭײһ𣬷ԲʮڵкˮˣһƬգΧĺɽȫ
һƥܱ䣬ϬޱȣֶܶϽܡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСɫһ䣬ɿֲ£ʮӰɵƱɢһЩֲӿ˹һֳһöĵڵء
ҶСҪѾˡ
ˣ˳ȻɣҶС뵽аӵʱȫˡ
ꡭһ΢һöâõķˡ
öĵӦҶСڵһط΢΢׵ı¶˵ǰ
ʮöĹâɢ·ʧȥ֧һ㡣
һ
û뵽ȻǱ
ֲûɽôֲһֱﲻߣԭˣûȫ졣
˫ĿͨűҶС磬·ֱӱˡ
Ĳҩ˭õ


1469 ֹ
ʱ򣬼ÿƽˮľ
ÿһ߶վѧ۷壬£еһУȻ֮;һɽһɽߣ˭֪ʲôʱܹﵽ۷壬Ϊ˸졢Խɽ·ǰ棬ֻܹһ̼ҲǱ
Ϊеϡҩ̺ǿжȻĸƵҩҺΪһҶںڵҲкܶôÿ˶Ϊ֮
֮ûвΪġ
֣ѾҪȫˡʱһͻȻһ
˶ѹסе̰֮ģ׷׳֣ÿһ˶ĹҪҶСΧʮӰȫ򱬡
֡
һֻ۳ɵľ޴ͻȻ֣һץһˮΪ̬ΧĺˮӿҪʮӰһץ顣
졭
һͻȻ·콵µĳͷɢϬĹâܹնеһС
Ϻˮն룬ŷķâ
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һͬһϸĳգݺɨϺˮƱȺХҪǿĶࡣ

һҵĹʮӰҶС綼ܵϢӴѹѹ˿ɣЩֲĹУܹǿޱȡ
ȫҶСкݡϬӥ
ҶСĻ£ʮ֣·ǽܵĳһ㣬ÿһӰϵƶһʵҲ˺ܶࡣ
ʮӰϵı任λãһɹɺƴΧɢǲϴԼǰľѧ
ܶѧǰûдʱӦõĺ˳֣˿İ·Ǿǧһ㡣
һµĹ
䡭һһԵص״ƺƵݵ
ֲܹĨƽһɽһƬ
ЩֲֿΧУҶСʮӵǰƾ󷨣ǵΪӸ߳ȻôΧĶ֡
ʮӰϵ·ȫΪޣǵҲѳ˺ܶѷ죬Ǳ˺һ㣬еĸ첲϶˰ɭɭĹͷ
ʮӰĲ״ҶС粻һЩֵĹȷʵֲÿһΪ
ȻʵҲҶһЩ֣οЩлһ󷨴ʦ󷨴ʦĴЭǵĹܹһҡ
ʱ˶е˶ɱ˹ҪȡǲΪҶСܹ赲סû
ղʱִ̫ˣҶСûл᲼ô͵ķģҪȻһɣôֱּ׾١
ҶСзâ֮²ʱʱջƳЩ͸
עĲʥسڵĸ֣ܷɣĹΪ⣬һ󷨺͹Ľһ
˫лһعĺۼһööγɣܵա
ЩۼͷγĪĹμػ
빥϶ΪһĪ⣬˷ʤ
û뵽󷨾ȻôãҶСžâĹ
˵󷨣ЩҲȫ͸ˣ۾飬ͲܹȣϾ˼ҳѾãһ;оǧ꣬ҶС㣬Ҳʱѣʱжʱ䣬Ҳһʮꡣ
ֶҪ츳ҪۣĿǰ˵ҶСֻ󷨵˵󷨣ﲻνڻͨľ硣
ʱֶΣɸһ͵Ż
ˣӦ뵽ˣʱ֮ľѧǴʱҶС
һһֱߣˣ̤ſ򣬿Ǻ˳
һܹ󷨺Ĺգʵ»ܹһ
䣡
ֲıըϱŷʮӰΧ͸ĿֲԽԽ࣬ҶС綼оԼеӦӲϾԽԽ
ءһӰնȥһ첲һӰȻɱȥûκʹ
Ҳǣôʲôо
ˡҶСӶâ֮赲ЩµʱҡΣľƬҶƬȫתΪǳɫÿһöҶƬ·ʵһ㣬˰кƴ˿ߡ
˳˾һһŻ磬һƬɡ
ڳˣҶС¶һ˿ϲɫ
ˡһ˿˿Żϲ͸мӱɢǶҶСĸм


1470 
ڻûгɳ߰ɣҴȥһǳŨĵطҶС紫һ񲨶
ҶС綼оԼеǴƭСᡣ
ˡ΢΢ҡΣԸĲ
ʱǽ൱Сӣûжķֻƾŵ˭ãͶ˭õĸ
ͬҶСһϲһͷȻ󽫱ս˴ָС
ãȻסһĿĸֽһ
˵ĿⶼͶҶС磬ǿѾ˵ʱһֵµĹԽԽǿˣ඼ӳʮɵҶС˹
ءʮӰһӰĸ䴩ˣǣǵӰȻ·ûиоһ㣬ֹȥ
ִ󾪣ϽˣǴѾ˱ܣԴ˵˼άʽЩϣĹķϵȻЩ˲á
ϽΧסܹˡͻȻ䣬˺һһˣе˶ĶҶС磬ҶСܡ
뿪ֹܹ𣿡ҶСЦһӣ顣
ָոһһƬ޾ĺˮӿۣӿʮӰ
תۼ䣬ʮӰͳһƤ̺ſֲ
ãˣЩҪըˡ˸оԾϽ˳Ѿˡ
ҶСһ֣
һ·һâ֮󣬴һɿֲΰ
ҶСնƺˮ˲ʧϷ幫ĵطʱ䡭ֲıըں𣬿񱩵ŰƬƬУܱȥ
üҽһЩ˱ɱըˡ
ҶСŲЩ˵Ѿˣʱߺʱߣת۾ʧˡ
пµĴ͸ٶȸ죬üΣڷâ֮Ǿ޴ġ
ҶСӰѾתۼʧˣе˶һܷҲ֡
˲֪֪ʱ򣬾ѾΧõһ󷨣ܹ赲κ˵ȥõ󷨸ûκãɲǼͱҶСնˡ
Ǹ˭ô˿ֲʵܷŹâ
ףˮҵķԲʮڵĺɽ͹ȫƳƽء
䶨һըеĿֲȶΣһǷŭôΧһ˻Էˣʵ̫ˡ
ˣǿ׷ܹߡ
ԣ׷
ܶ־ᣬ̰Ӱ죬һź׷ѰҶС硣
һߺﻹʣһСˣЩһжǻ۵Ĺâ־ᶨûбԼңǸղѾʶҶСٶȣ֪Ǵ˿ȥ׷Ҳ׷ϡ
ΪʥسڵĸҲЩУҲûȥ׷Ѱ
ݹΪߣû뵽ȻΪҵȲ簡һָ̾һ˵
ȷʵˣΪ˽ҲΪ
ߣ˽ܣǶҲΪ̫˰ɣʱһɫ۵˵
ŶĪʲôµ۲ɣΪʥسڵĸֺµʵ
Ҳһµӡ
ߣٶ¹ûмܹ֮ȣΪһҲΪɫ۵˵ŶҶСĲ
仰ô
֪ޣ¶ܹ
Ŷϸ˵
һЩ鱨ʾڻʱ䡣ɫ۵߸һش
ʲôȻ꣬ôأе˶һ𾪣û뵽ҶС羹Ȼ˲ʱ䣬£ʵ̫ˡ
ʲôܵģŶʮ꣬˵ǲһ
ĪʶɣܷɽĿͶߡ
ֹʶߣҶС磬һǰʱΪʥѾܹ࿹ˣҶ˵ľͨΧµɳЩһɫ۵˵רŸ˴صѹ
ҶС簡ҶС磬ֲңҪ־͹Ǳ̫޴ˣҲò赶ɱˣǣӦþܹ̽Ůӵĵߣ
ܰɣôûжɣб˭ȥᡣ
ǣĵر˭б˭õܻ
ʲôܵģʢ˭Ҳ˵˵Ѿ˵ˣôҿɲǿ󡣡ɫ۵˵һ䣬ӰһȻźϳȥ˼ˡ


1471 ̳
ɫȥ׵˴˼ת˼µĵʧ
ߵĻоܹҶСгԹǣԷ˵Ĳ޵һҶСĳɳ󱨸˭ܹ赲
ıҲıôҪˡ
ÿ˶һģѼҶСϣҶС羿һʲôˣȻ˼ôȥԴҶС硣
˫Ŀйâ֪ЩʲôжҶСյķĻ뷨
ں״ûжãЩһȥˡ
ȪвԶĺϣʮӰǰУǰһƤ£Ǵԭʼɭ߳ˣÿһ缡ⶼ̺ſֱֲһֻޡ
Ǵ䳤ա
ֵܣʦ˵ĵطжԶԶ䳤ѯʵ
֪Ȼ֪ˡ䳤ղ䲻ȵ˵
ԴЩھƵ󣬴䳤յĿ֪ҪȥѰҶС磬ԶǾΪ䳤һ֪ҶС䣬һ·档
䳤Ȫܱйʱ䣬Զ˸죬䳤һΣֻôȥѰҡ
֮ͶҶС磬ȫʦĻʦҲҶСǸط˵䳤ա
䳤պЩ˻ҶС粻˲ȥѰҶС磬תһ룬ֻںϽмҶСѣҶС쵽ΣգӦòֵġ
䳤յĻԶȻһЦûб¶κεĲ
Զûб¶ʲô˲¶ʲô׷顢ϹҶüеĲ׷еĲ֮ɫΪŨң䳤նԴֱӡ
Լʮʱ䣬䳤ͣգܣ·ȷλá
䳤ͣжһɻѵ
һëûУҶСô
ǾÿҪԼķˣС¶һĨΡ
ҶС硭ҶС硭ɻ֮ʱ䳤ͻȻ䳤һعףɢȥռ䶼𶯡
һƬҰĵطΥ
ȴһûмκˣ䳤¶һ˿ɻѵҶСﲻɣģʦһƭҵġ
䳤գٲ׷һ˿ͷʵ
֪䳤Ȼ֣·ϲͳ׷˵һ㡣
֪ôǴ׷һʣЩ⡣
䳤Ťͷһ˫Ŀâң
ϼһҪֵӡ
ôˣ䳤յǿƣ׷߳һֱֱ䳤գһУ˶ҶСмֿ־⣬Ͳκˡ
ʸ𣿡䳤˫Ŀը⡣
㡭
һҪֵӣԶಽһ̤֮䣬΢ЦλǻһľӢҪ˺Ҫʲôִȵ彵ٺ󣬿˭նɱֶࡣ
ߡ׷һһˬ֮ɫҲ֪ʱִʱ
ǺǣֵܲҪҲԶһƵӡ
޹أҪҵģ⣬ǿߡ䳤ռΪ䵭˵
˵һ䣬䳤վɮ붨˫Ŀһĵȴӡ
˿䳤յӣҲֻվߵȴţֻҪҶСҲֻ䳤գǵȻܹ뿪Ҳ
һӵʱ䣬һ⻮ʣֻһӰͻȻǰɫǳɫȹȹ趯趯һĵƬж
һ˾̡
һӰ˶һǶû뵽̾Ȼ̳֣һ˫Ŀ¶ӵĿ⡣
㵱ݺʱ㣬Ȼ١Զ˵һº֮ɫ
𣿡һžӺƽĿ峺ˮ
⡭šԶ΢΢еΣʵûţǲ²ġ
٣ʲô£һ˫Ŀһɨʵ
ǷʦͶҶСģΪϵͳ䳤˵ֱƲ˺ԶǵĹϵ
ʦ
ǣʦ˵ҶСبѵһţҸҶС磬˵Ҹҵа䳤ûκεĻԸֱֱȥʲô˵ʲô
΢΢˵ͷȻ˿Զеˣ˵³ȥˣʲôĻ˵
˵仰ое΢΢Ĳףͻ·˼һСһ㣬ƽºȦȦ
̵ĻһĨɫ


1472 赲
Ĳ𣿡Զ˵΢΢̾Ϣһ߸ϵ׹뷲ˡ
бҪƭ𣿡
ûмҶС磬ȴ̣мָӣѾǺԵˣ̺ҶС֮ʲôϵ
û뵽㡣ʱǰ߳һһ˫ĿŶʵĹâ̡
Ůײһ𣬶·ܹײ𻨣ȻʱûмŮȻǰһϲ໥Ƚϡ
ʲôģұϳأҺҶС磬ȫҲֻҡ̵һЦһתҲ⣬һΪĹϵҲǳǳĺá
Щ飬ܹƵ˵ġ΢΢һ̾Щӡ
ȷʵˣɽ֮λôҪ𣿡ƽʵ
ʲô˼һ˫Ŀйâ΢΢һѵ֪ҶСҵò
Ӧס̸һ
һĬһ󣬿˵Ѿ֪ˡɫΪӣɽһûܹǸΣ뿪ˣɽͻֶϲ㣬¾įͲԶˡ
ʵҲ֪ղŲһ˵û뵽ȻҲˡ̵һЦЦ绨Ȼʧɫ
㡭΢΢бϸüһһ˿΢ŭһĨѩɴ΢΢û뵽̸ղŵǾ仰ֻǾ̽
ϧˣմӴûһֱͣΪһgҲû˻ǵգҲǲסٴ˵ˣ͹ɣһԶӭ㡣
Ժˡƽһ˵εĽ棬׵·磬ΪĺѾˡ
ŮĶԻػ棬ΧԺ֪˵Щʲô
ʲôԸңһ̽ĿƵϣղŵЩѾ̼þգ֮䲢ûʲôԹϲνִˣ
ҶСʲôϵܹ𣿡׷鶢ʵ¶һ˿ļʡ
ô˶ȻҶС磬һĨƽ⡣
ԴӱҶС˺̾һֱĿʾˣûдɴԼòΣΪѾûбҪˡ
ѹϵ治֪ܲöʲôʱ˵ֻܹǰǴѣҴҲǿټһ˫Ŀâų˵
̸׼뿪ʱԶ߳һǰӣԸˣѵӲȥڵĵط𣿲ô˵Ҳһս
Զ֪ҶС뽫ƼҲŲƵסĵطᣬÿȥ
ڵĵطȫŮ죬ǽȥ档˵һ䣬ȻƹԶ׼뿪
Ӻαôǧ֮أԶľԲסĵط˲Զһһκᵵǰ
ǲϲİˣ˵ˣҶС粻٣Ҳÿ붯ֵĻҷ㡣˵ɢһ·ܹӰ˵ꡣ
Ѿһּľ磬һһȻеκܹתΪ
̵ԶоԴһγ漴ָϳһ˿棬ôʱûмӵΪԽԽˡ
Ȼ˵ģһҪÿһ˿ûС
磬̽ɣܹǸһ۸̽㡣ʱССͣܲĵһԶȻҡŶеĸ첲˵
һӵĶ֣ĲĶ֣Իæеͷ۰ĿԼãᡣ
㲻ãеĺʤˣԶû˵ٴο˵ҲãҿʮΪʲô硣
ҲһӵʵԶһЦһơ
׼ֵʱƤ¡Űӵ䳤߳һռ𶯣ǰ
ӣȥɣսһ͵͸ҶСļɣ䳤տ˵ȻĿͶԶһԻĿУɢſ񱩡Ϣлһ޵ĿֲϢ
ûǵĵͷ𣿡׷˵ƶһվԶ࣬˫Ŀ䳤պ̡
ϹҡҲվԶ࣬赲̺䳤ǰȥ
Ҳ̫۸ˡʵڿȥ˵֣Ǳһ䣬վ䳤ߣҶѰҲվ䳤ߡ
ѩס΢΢һʱӣСС㡢ĿͶԶˡ
ԶǻǳϢˣĸ۸һŮӣҪսǡʱһؼд⣬һ˿ķŭ


1473 ѵ
һ󣬼е˶һ𣬳׷顢Զ¶һĨɵ֣Ǳе㸺
Ƿ硭˼ˮһ㾧Ө͸ĶС㾪ϲĽһһɬСϣ֮ɫΡ
ͻأ䣬ҶСӰǰԶˣһ̼䣬·ɽһΰųصϢʵϢǵǡ
ֻҪڣǶܵκ˺ǼĵĹͬ뷨
ҶСȻվԶˣϵɱΣһƬضСҪһ磬ջûгƺе㲻С촽
һΪ㲻ڡҶСľ޴ѹ£ԶɬһЦ˵ЦݼΪĲȻ
Ҳ٣۸ߵˣҶС˫Ŀâէʵͬʱһɿµӿӿĺһ㣬һĸо
ۡҶСֲ£ԶͬʱһѪģΪܹնˮҺҶСϵֻһţҪȻ¹ƾܹȫնɱ
ɫ԰ֽ𾪺Ϳ־壬Ȼ֪ǺҶС֮ΪԭԽˣû뵽Ȼܹôࡣ
ǰʱܹһӰھӰƾϵƾܹˣʵԺǵļЩܹϵ
治֪ôģ̥һԶмΪɬΪڼСܹҶС磬û뵽ԽԽˡ
ߣⲻһѵսĻңΧһŮӼֱ˵ĳ衣ҶС˫Ŀ⣬ɨһۡ
ҶСǺĿ£׷èһ㣬ԴһԶһµӡ
ʲôʲô׷ҶС鷳ˣҶСȻʼעˡ
ĺҪҪǣҶСߵ׷ǰϴЦʵЦڳ׷Ƕħ΢Ц
òá׷ǿһЦϽ֣һǣҶҪڴʮ£⻰ģȻ˵
Цôôѿ˿޵öЦĺÿҶСȻ΢Цڳ׷鼷Цݵ¡
׷鲻˵Ѿ˿־塣
ʲô£˿ԶˣжǼˣĿԶϡ
һ⡣Զ˵˿ûһǿƵ̬ϾղŶԴ̵̬ȣֱһһ¡
Ŷʲô⣿ҶСµĿԶ
ϵͳ⣬֪ôſתøżң
Ǻǣ˵Ҫżͬ𣿡ҶСϴЦⶢԶ
⡭⡭Զ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
Ȼ㲻ܹһܹɣʲô鶼ǿ̸ġҶС絭˵˻֣ʾĸ˿뿪ˡ
ǺðɣǸˣʱмԶ˵һ䣬Ȼų׷뿪ˡ
ҶС֮ûնɱĸˣΪǲִмѣ彵ǰЩ巭Ŀǰ˵ֻҪǲҪ̫֣ҶС綼һ֣Լ
Զ߳ҶСתĿһɨҲΪϵͳ
֣ǱҶѰС϶һΪ֮ɫ֪ôȥڡ
˲˵ˣȻҽǵѣЩ黹ǲòǣϵͳǾԵĲύģȴʹõȨϷһȻҪȼ۽ˣʲôļ۸񣬵Ǽܹ˺顣ҶС翴Ǽ˵
õģһὫ¸߼ġ֣Ǳ˵Ȼһ
Ҳ˵ͷ֪ѾҶСĵˣٱȣҶСҪˣοǻûǸȣˣʣ֮顣
ҶС磬Ƿʦ׷ġ䳤ɢŨҵս˵
ӭĸּ롣ҶС絭һЦ֡
䳤Ҳֻ֣һͱʾŴӴ˺䳤ոҶС硣
һսǿղŵƣ֪Ķ֣ҲģҶҪһս䳤ɫᶨ˵
ʱӭҶСʮִ󷽵˵
Ҳһһһѩ˵ĸ֣Ȼ㲻
硭ҶС罫ԼˣС㻶ϲߵҶСߣһСһҶСĸ첲
ôˣʱ졣ҶСǺһЦڹ¶СϹ˹ΣǵõһμСʱһСŮ񶼳ͤͤŮ


1474 С
˿첲ɬСϷ΢ĶС㣬ҶСոں׾սһľƽһ¡
һҶС翴Ǽˣ΢΢һЦǸ˵סǸطе㲻㣬Ͳǹȥˣʲôǿ˵
Ǽ˶˵ͷףȥҶСڵĵطǻȥѯǸôȥشһǼ壬һѣԹȫǼм䣬Ϊ粻ȥһʡΪѡ
һʱĺ棬ΪôࡣҶСĿŹâǺһЦ˵
Сѩ˵Ϊʥأɴ˿ɼĸĵֲ̺ܿҪȻҲܻﵽʥأ̵Ϊ࣬Ҫ֪һʱ仹ʱġ
ܹЩڶ붼ܹʱٵĿռ䣬ϾЩ꣬Ȼʡ
ҶֵܣͲҪˣȣֱС׼ףǵõǵһʱǵΪ࣬û뵽㶼˦˺ü֣ûȡ֣Ǳһп˵
һʱǵΪߣǺ򲻹ʱЦҶѰ˵
㡭ܲܲҪǲҵ̨֣ǱһҶѰ˵
ʵʵ˵ҶѰ˵
㡭ҶѰһľͷ׮һӣ֣Ǳ޲øȭǿǵԼ˼ҵĶ֣ŷˡ
å㻹һƭӣ˵ѵ˺ͿɲǺŶʱСգſɰ峺Ĵ۾˵
ǵ˭ôÿζҡ֣ǱһƵ˵
Ҷֵܣȸˣϵͳ⣬һת塣ĿߴĺҶС˵
ҶС硢֣Ǳ̸ûĵط䣬оԼһˣò뿪
ֻܹһ̸ɣ
ҲáҶС˵ͷҲоǸһȦӣջԵе΢΢Ρ
ߺ˷·𳹵û˸ң̸
һҶСֺһ仰û˵ָֻӵԼҶС綼һ㲻Ȼ
ӣôʱˣôһ仰Ҳ˵ǲǼҲ˵ˣҶС翪Ц˵
Ҳ֪˵ʲôҶС˵
һΪȵĲ˵еɻҶС͵ǿɫɴһȰɣҪȡɣ
ҶСĿƣ·Ҫ͸Ĩɫɴ
ܵҶСĿ⣬Īĳһ˿ңȻװƽģ˵ȡ
ϧˣܹһûӵòһӾ֪ˡҶС̾һдһ˿Ц⡣
Ȼ֪ҶС˼ɽй涨κӿҵò
أ
ˣҪɱǸˣδܹšһ仰˵ģһ˫ĿЦ⡣
⻰ɴһ˿Ĳ԰ס
ʱ֣Ǳ˿ҶС磬ֿ˿̡ɴ۾˵˵ҶֵܣҪ֪㰡ôŮӣ˺󹬣ѵ뽫Ҳ˲ɣҶֵܰôֵһ롣
̺˵϶΢죬ɫΪɴ
ӵˣû뵽ֻ죬Ҳһ˵û뵽Ǹް
ô˵硣֣ǱۣҶС硢˻ûзС͵ǶĿܲĶ֣Ǳ˵
ҵḶ́˵ȫʵ㾹ȻǸ檳Ⱥļһɲרˣûˡ֣Ǳһ޳˵
Ʒ⡣ҶСЦ˵ĸ֡
˴ԼСʱʱ䣬¶Ǿ뿪ˣҪ¸߼塣
뿪ʱ򣬶С˵ʲôҲȥҪҶС磬öһΪѣǶ˵ƤӣСҲ뿪
Ƶù¶Сʹ˾УһԴĿֻͬҶҶСչ˺öС㡣
ԼĸͬˣСǶĴ۾˲һ¶
Ҳ뿪ˣ¶һ˿ӵĿ⣬ƺҶС˵ʲôջû˵
֣ǱǼȥдЦ⿴ҶС磬û˵ʲô
о̵ҶСǺһЦ˵ǻȥɣ
˵зһεĹâ̺ͶС㶼һ˲ͳһϡ


1475 Ϊ
ųȥûжãһƬȺѾĽѩŷǧĲ߻£ѧУƶȷȼѧԱڵĵ첻ͬܵԴͬ
ȼĽѧԱ˸ֵķܶÿһѧԱƴѧԱǵΪһǧĺܿ졣
ѧǾסĵطĽѩҲ˺Ĺ滮ǴһСУܷ
һϵӣ·һ½һ㡣
İ£Ѿó󷨣е˶ܹһƬշУҲܹ뵺죬ÿһΧĵ춼д󷨵á
ҶС粻ܵκӰ⣬˰񶼲ܹУҪֻ취һÿһΧ󷨣ڶ
֮⣬ﻹܹ󷨣ȥҶС⣬˵ϰٱƵļΪΪʥصǿƺҲܹﵽһľ롣
츳ߵĻܹɢĸԶһЩЩ󷨶Ϊ˷ֹڼ齫ȫ̽˵ȥϾδȻ
С˴һҶС뿪ˣվգһƬȺ
Щ˴ʮлعһֽʱһУеıѡνѧУ̹٣һֻڼѵŲѵЩ󷨶ŷǧڵġ
Щ龰ҶСοѾȫĽеĺܶණȫŷǧĽѩȼŮˡ
ಡһҫ۵İ׹ͻȻ֪ٶȼ죬쵽ҶС綼ûа취㡣
ҶС練Ӧʱǵ׹ѾļͷŤͷһֻǰ޵СܳʱûмôСϵƤëȴˡ
ôãҲ蹻˰ɣҶССƤëǺһЦ˵
ѽѽС˻צӱʾ飬׹һҶСԴϣץסҶСͷ
ȻͷϡҶСֽСԴȥץ˴ڴС
˿Ⱥ˫лһâõЩһ£͵еĽϡ
һкҶСڵĵ콵ȥ
ȪУһŹŵζĲչڣԶɡ׷顢ϹɫÿһŹľϣǰڷһڵĲˮ
ҶС˵ĴνǲС뵱ʱ֮Ȼв࣬ǲಢ󣬲һ֮Ǹʱ˭ܹߵ󻹲һأ֮Ĳ̫ˣ̧ͷӰˣҶС磬жһС
ã׷齫ĿͶԶ̲סʵղΪβ֣ǹڣ˵һܹһѵ
ѵӦҪĲǽѵοǲûаٷ֮ٵİաԶŤͷһ۳׷飬ǹܹ־ãΪǵİȫһ˭֪Ϊʲô磬һԸǾΣˡ
ѵǾ׷鲻ʵ˵
ܹôѵѾһϢǾҶСסĵطƬ򸽽Զ˵·ûܵղӰ졣
׷лв֮ɫԶ˵׷飬ǳ¼һܳˣһ㶼죬ʲô鶼Ҫ˼Ҫ˵ĳɱΡ
͵ϮҶС𣿲Ҫ˵ûУ֪Ǹʱնɱ㣬㲻ǳ¼ҵˣ綼ΣںһսͲӦ飬ʹټǺҶС磬ҲõȵΣ˵ʱ򣬺ܶ鶼˳޸Ҫ
Ҫ飬һȷģǧҪɱΣΪһܳˣҪ֮ҪģҪԶ۹⣬ҪȻ㲻ΪϣΪĻ
ųҺԶԲ˵һ
һúġ׷˵ͷ˵
ϵͳһ£Ǹô˵Ϲʵ
ʵʵ˵ΪѾǵΧֻмĳˣ뿪ʱĻû˵˵ûоܾϵͳǷҪҪһЩˡԶ
ǡ׷鲻м˵
£ͲǣǵĻͲնɱǳ¼ô֣ҲĴĴ֮ԻὫϵͳǣ붼Ϊ˴룬Ҫ֪ı죬ʧǵĸ󻼣㳲֮ѡԶ΢΢һ̾˵
˵ţĿͶ˳׷飬ҪѧԼǰ㲻ӵģɣǸһǸ̬ҪԼȽϡ
ףлл׷ϵĿһԶ


1476 
񹬣ڣҶСһİɫ¹ʯƳɵϣĵȴĵ
һʱ䣬϶˵Ź»ƵϿռ΢΢һµŮӳ֣˳Ⱦûɫˣ࣬·¹нµӡ
⼸лˡҶС̧ͷһЦ˵
лҲһԱһ˫»ԣӸվҶС˹
ҵ˱ҶСλá
ҶС˵ͷһͷָеıͱ˳
һһŸ·գӨ͸ҶƬ΢΢ҡΣںƵ»֮ҶС綼ܹܵɢĻϢ
滨ݱ¾˴»֮ǼóԵĶһ㣬ܹոʹ졣
û뵽Ȼǡһ˫һĨʡ
ô컯ãҶСʵ
ȫıò˶٣ǳɫҶƬƬ㹻ˣһö컯һöҶƬ׼ʲôʱߵ˷ãҶСʵ
ʲôʱ򶼿ԣĿǰֻѡһö컯
Űɣظı䣬ܶﶼϵĵȵ峹׽ٺƬػᷢһδ仯ǸʱعƣҲףҲӿֳţȷá
ȻҲòϣҾţ峹׵ĽУƽʢĿʼˣʣıô죿ôţҶСʵ
ָ˰üĵλã˼һ£˼һ£ĿͶҶС磬˵һܹΪ

ûڻɽѾ꣬ҿǣ̺żǿܹٽһΪεĻһ
ΪΣҶСԾĿ
ǻΪΣ飬ֻҪǣͶлΪεĻᣬֻǧѣҪ⣬˳Ȼķ⣬һΪķַҪڻݾ顣
ҪΪΣҪһһξѪڶľ࣬ǵǽ߱Ҷӵϵ֮ܺ컯ٲһ󷨣ͿˣܹܲΪΣҪԼ컯ˡĵĽ͵
һξѪûʲô⣬ؼղ˵ľ࣬еѶȡҶСü˵
ȻеѶˣֻҪȴ彵ٵʱС˵
ǵʱȥնɱһľԱȷҶС˵
㲻׼˷컯ˣʵ
ڣ
ڣҩҺܿģ಻ӵʱ䡣ҶС˵
ǺðɣȥˣҩҺҶС˵ȻչѰϺĽѩ˵Ӱ
ߵ˱ǰһķͱñΪΪŵӱҪöɫҶƬʹĴӦˣֳöɫҶƬκλݾ鶼ܲ˻Ϊεջ
ѧУһУĽѩһ¥Уͳȫ֣ڵǰϵдд֪ʲô
ͻȻ䣬һ󷭹˲һӰγɣһӰҶСһγɵġ
С硭ˡĽѩԴһ̧ϳ˻졢ϲЦݡ
ԴӽҶСİźĽѩĲŻֵ쾡£ƽʱʱ򣬿棬϶һ˿ϣһŮֻмҶС磬ŻֳŮ̬
ǺǣǼҵѩ˺ܶ࣬ղſӣҶǵѩҶСЦЦ˵
⻹Ϊ㣬Ϊң춼ҪһҪӲˡĽѩҶСһۣԼС·ϵѪҺѭ
ǲǰ࣬˺һ͵͵ЦҶСЦʵ
ЦĽѩҶСһۣҲһһʱ䡣
ֻ֪ģⲻһˣֻҪһı䣬
ߡǾһ죬ЦҲʲô顣ĽѩݺݵĿҶС硣
ǵԺɣһʱ䶼æˣȽͷĹͣˣһˣһҪ顣ҶС˵
ʲô飿
ȱܣ㵽˾Ի֪ҶСһЦ
㲻˵ҾͲȥĽѩҶС绹Сһͣ
Ĳȥ
ȥĻɱڣӵʱ䣬ĻˡҶС˵һ䣬۳ɵɢˡ


1477 ѡ
ߣʲô˲ģôأҪʲô顣Ľѩ˵һ䣬Ȼ˳ȥ
ѧУΧһС͵ĵϣһɰɫ˶վ˫ĿźһĹâϬޱȣžӢѧԱڴкЩս龰ȻĲš
ͻȻ䣬ߵ΢΢ҶСӰγɣҶС֣һ˪ûκα飬һɫȻͻָƽ״̬
һʱˡҶС翴˵
ʲô£ֱʵϲ˵ķϻһʲô¾˵ʲôѵĸֶӡ
㻹ֱӣһ㶼ĬŮӲҶСЦЦ˵û˵ȻĿͶ˴Զ
Ļ˵ûеĻͲҪѵϱ˵һף·بŲĺ
һһ顣ҶС翴һϣȻԶ˶٣ʵһ죬Һͻ˵սô
ҶСĻ΢΢һ¶һƬӣȻ֪֮䶼ìܲû뵽ô죬ҶС仰˵ͻ֮ìܣԸ⿴ġ
ûа취ͽ⣿ϵĻдһ˿
ҶСҡҡͷûУϵ⣬˭Ҳòоһ͵ĶõĶҪõ븶ûѵͣ仰ӦףǵȻóȥģìǳģҪǰֹ
ҪˣӦòᷢɣ˵
ҲòҲһ壬ܻЩڱͱӡ
ֲ˼ֵˣһ֣˵Ļһˡ
˵ȥǻȥ𣿡ҶСٴһ䡣
ϳĬ˼ţһҡҡͷ˵ˣ˵һЩҪǲûն٣һǶ֪οѾѡ뿪ˡ
ǾͺáҶСһ񹬣мҪ˵
ҶС˵꣬۳ɵӰɢˣ»Ϊ
ϻΪһâʧˣҪȥϵ˵һȻ뿪
УҶСϣоűʱһӰſڣȳֵĽѩ
ˡĽѩ˽ҶСЦЦ
ߣģҵҪʲôҪ顣ĽѩĵҶСһۣ˽ܻΪҶСղŲ˵
ףʲôֲƯеıĽѩ˫ĿһŮӶϲĶġ
ǱѾǻˣʱǽĻΡҶСǺһЦ˵
ΪΣĽѩһӸˣͻȻ䣬뵽ʲôŤͷҶС磬κԱеĻŮģ
ĽѩĻҶСԴֱðŮ˵˼ȻӣͲ֪զ뵽ط
Ҳֻ֪еȵΪκܹ֪ҶСǿһЦ˵
ĽѩҶСһۣȻߵ˱ǰҲöֱ˵ԺΪΣŮģеģûС
ǳǻ۶ѣôöҶС͵
ĽѩĻҶСڴеСŲŲ壬Ȼ̽һԴԲ۾ĳűȻٳĽѩ
ɲע⣬ҪȻҰˡҶСһСԴҪС˵Եļһ͵͵ˡ
۸ʱĽѩСüһһҶС磬ȻС˻УСƤëһĸĵӡ
ҶСһơ
ʱ˽ҶСߵһϡ
Ͻ㣬ҲˣĽѩ¶һĨĹâȻɻĿһҶС硣
ҶС翴˿˵ǷһöΪ컯ɹڲ̺ŴıԵ̺Ƭ˿ߣúʥΪһǧûκƿһֱܹͻƵ񾳡
ҶС绰Ůһ¶һƬâ
컯׼Ϻͷ᰷õģҶСһ򣬷ķʥͻÿһΪᷢ츲صı仯òŷ컯
ϸ˵ҶСŮڵĹߴһΡ
ô뵽˸ǷãþãĽѩʵ
ҾǺܺʡ
ղѰһ᲻ȥˣΪ£ϿҶСʵ
ţҪʣϾԼߵΪɿģȱٶĸ֡ҶСû˿˵


1478 ɹ
סϵ˵ͷֻװ׵˵˴˶Ǵˣ΢һᣬܹס
ǰҶСϻ᲻ȥˣ˵ȥĻҶСԲὫ컯Ϸãԭ⡣
Լ߲ܹʾǸֵοȱٸ֣ʥֻˣͲЩ̫Զ̫Զˡ
ǲõ󷨣¶Էһֲסٳʥصĸ֣ܹĿǰ۵ȫݻ١
ǸҪĻǸֵǵ̣δĸֵֶ֣ܹϲ㡣
׾ͺãһʲô뷨ҶСЦЦ
Ȼףе㲻ϿһҶС硣
󣬺Ǻǣղ˵ҶһҪȻҲϾѾѡҶС絭˵
ͻȻоԼĽűһأ΢΢ͷȥֻٶȲĽϣʹĲڣǲϲղԼ˵֡
ҶСûиоһ㣬ĽѩĽϡ
ʱһ»֣»Ӱ֣ϸСİ״ƿ
ҩҺѾˣ׼ûУһĿͶҶС磬ûпϺĽѩ
ǵһκŮϺĽѩȻûȴⶼҶС˵ǵġ
һˡĽѩǰһϴǳǳЦݵ˵
֪㣬Ľѩƽ˵ȻĿͶҶС磬񹬵»̫֮ŨˣԵϡʺ컯סһͲ
ðɣȥһҶС˵ͷŲƵ˴ָУһεĹâ˶˲ʧ
һϱߣ벼õЩڵĵطҶС˳֡
ŨӦúʡҶС˵һ䣬һͷİѱγ֣°ɣ
ϺĽѩ˱ϣĿͶҶС磬Ȼ
컯óҶС˵
ҶСӴָóö컯ݸ
зһ»ö컯ƯֵϿգһƿ״ƿ򿪣һ߲֮ɫҩҺӰ״ƿðȵĹö컯档
ſڡĿһ̧Ľѩϡ
ĻŮ΢΢һ㶣ȻԹԵſ˿ڣö컯߲ʵҩҺʱΪһŮĿС
컯ڼΪ˾Ů˫Ŀź嫾
ʱŮϿֲƱһһâӿ˰Уǵ嶼·ӳɫ
һ״ƿĿˣԷֹʲô¼ҶСվһ߿Ů
Ů컯ʱһϢ磬ҶСõһȫı
ϢһһЩҪҩĸֶѰҶСټе׼Ķе׼ֱӶ١
֮彵֮ǰѹֵջԾ
Ϊʮʧԭܶʥʱʱܹ˵硢׽Ѿûʲôˡ
¼ңСռУ¥һ·ʱĻʹһ㣬ƴׯϣе¥ʯ·ĸ֣·̺Ŵĺۼ
һΧںϵ󷨣󷨵İȫں˽У֮˵ˮƽѾ˳뻯Ϊľ磬ܲɲ⣬붼ǳ¼ҵȲöɵġ
һʡĹУһݣ·ѾƤͷĸϡ
ͷȫ˰ɫϸޱȣ·ǴһܹѣֱѾһˣǲ֪˶Ĺײڳʬ塣
ǰʮ⣬׷鹧վ
ʲôջ񣿡û˫ĿҲûſڣһƾ𣬷·ǵǴ˵ڴġ
桭׷鹧Ľһϸһ˵γȥǼҶС磬ʵֲܿҸ͸ƾƣҺˡ
µϢʵѾܹʥظ࿹ˣƲ⣬пѾﵽʥؾˡ˵˵
ʵȻѾﵽ־磿׷һޱȣֲôԭʵѾ־磬̫ˡ
ϵͳôٴʵ
ҶС˵ǶʸǼܹȥ̸׷ʵʵ˵
ȴŬɣͲҪٲˣȥġ˵˵ҶСʵѾͼλϹɶǵԤ㣬ԭļƻ϶ܹˣֻܹļƻˡ


1479 ׷
ǣ档׷˵һ˼תȴûж·ʲôû˵
ôߣǲǻʲô£д˵ȻһҪ˹ײĵӣû˫Ŀ
׷ԥһ˵棬ҶСĳɳ̫ˣҪҪնˣв̫ˡ
ʱڹϵͻȻ˫ĿУ˫Ŀޱȣ·̺һ棬ƿ͸ת²ɣ
вв󣿡һ˫žâų׷˵
⡭׷һ˵˻Ѿ˼˶٣ʵʵв󡣡
ȻˣΪҪȥأô˵Ҳ࣬־ѵʱڲԲֶܹҪӴֿǡ˿һ۳׷˵
棬ףղ˵ҪӴֿǣȻҶСӵϵͳΪαȫ๲׷˵
ȻԶѾ˵ˣʲôʱҪӴֳȻûôı䣬һֵġΪءз·𿴵ҶСܣ͸ˡ
׷Ļ΢΢һ̾Ѿνļһһ˵ĺ⣬ȥ󱲾Ļˡ
ܹѵǸˣԷ֣ǳ¼ҵʵжôǿ󣬿һ˲䶼ҷ𡣡
棬Ƿˣǲܡ׷ͷ亹ֱһϻ̳Ͽֵӡ
ⲻ㿼ǲܣ˼һƫִһһҪҪȻͳ׻ˡ
ûǸˣҲܹȣǴĻѾ˵뷨Ըǹ޷ǸһЩ۰ˣҲΪ룬ҪȻҪ֣붼ó൱ǼС粻ܹóһ
˼ҵȻףµɳǼ岻룬ìܵж٣²ĸԸɳɳ󣬿»ὫѹƵģΪʲôֶԸûУⶼΪһ彵ˡ
ȥһˣһҪԼ֣ʱҪ赶ɱˣâ¶ĸʣ϶ע⣬ʵܹС˺˽͵
ͻȻ䣬˳׷ĺ⣬֪׷е뷨ʱ˫ĿâһǧҪźԸҶС磬Ǹ͸¶ʲôϢǿǱĴôҶСҲ࣬壬ı죬仰Ҫǡ
ҶС飬˳Ȼ˵ˣǻҪȥæϾ࣬Ľٺǰͬǰʱ򣬲һ͸ӡٵģȻ½ֱӽ٣εս϶쳣ңһСģпܱϴ˳ص˵
˵ţ˳׷һۣҪҪ彵ٵʱʲô˺飬ҪȻǳ¼ңҲӻ㣬ȥɣ
ǣ档׷Ͻ˵Ȼ˳ȥ
׷߳ȥıӰ΢΢һ̾ԸܹףҪȻֻҪһһĸˡ
ϵͳǺöߵ˲Ż治٣ҪǼλϼһһ£ͬȥѰˡ˵һ䣬彥黯ʧ·ֹһ㡣
һϣҶСдһ˿ǵĿһʹ֮ɫͷ󺹵Ľѩˡ
ΪҪ컯еļ֮ȫתΪ֮쳣ʹ࣬ǶԼǿ־Ӳš
ҺʱʱһҩҺǵڣǷʹ࣬ҪȻ治֪ܹܲȥ
ģڣǲġ񿴳ҶСĵģĿ˵
֪е㵣ģܾνĹϵҰɣҶСЦЦ˵
ͻȻ䣬ĽѩʹĽһһȵļ֮ӿʱ䣬ϵ·ȫΪޣͨޱȣ·Ǳôտһ㣬ҶС綼оһɳӭ
һ̵ĽѩһҪĻɽѪܡ͹
һĻֻһҩҺӰ״ƿзɳͻȻΪһĽѩȫ·ǸĽѩһ㡣
ķɫָͷϵĺˮȴԽԽˣϵʹ֣պ촽ҧˡ
һĻҶС¶һ˿ɻоһɵıϢΪĽѩʹ࣬Ҳһ
·֪ҶСɻ͵ѾˣʣڻˣֻҪܹڻȫûˡ


1480 ̸
ĻҶС˫Ŀйâ·ҪĽѩ˿͸
ŮȻɢŴ̹ǵĺ䣬ȴϵڣ鲻ϵȣȼյ֮
ʱǱ뽫֮ȫתΪ֮ҪȻĳͻ£ǿȣֱӻᱻű߱ȼΪޡ
ҶСŵĿŮ·ĺû뵽컯ôԵʹҩͻôңŮ˾޴ʹ
ǳŹȥˣĲΪ־췣˵ҲʲôѶȣԺһƬ̹;ҶС絣ĵ˵Դ˰οҶС硣
лл㣬סҶСͶȥһм֪鵣Ҳûá
ҶС˾￴Ů˵ҪĻҪǣҲҪֹʲôر¹ʡ
Сʱʱ䣬ŮʹӲչҲڲкҶСһ
ѾûˣֻҪЩʹƬ˾ˡ˵
ö೤ʱ䣿ҶС翴ʵ
һڰɣҶСһ̫ȷĴ𰸡
ҶС˵ͷ˫ĿеĹâ·عһĪĸо˫ֻһâһööԾȻûΧա
ŮӰʧˣҶС粼һص󷨣лһЩ򵥵ɱͻҲǺ˴Ľѩˡ
룬˼âûǵƤУһֽܹŮʱܽƵӰ죬췣ʱŮӦһˡ
ˡҶС˲󷨺񵭵˵һ䡣
Ǻã㡣ҶС˵ͷȻ˲Ƴ񵺣ʱС
ں׵ʱĹܴĴ󷨵һӦôţһʱ䣬úѵһ£ѧУƼȵطȫŮģǻһͳȫֵŷǧڡ
תۣҶСѾˣããʮֲϢ٣ÿһϢƬշƱãӰ󣬷·ŭУ绽ꡣ
ǽٺ󣬲û˵κλֻ޼ɵͷԼϵϢҶС϶ܹܵ
ҶСȷʵܵˣҶС磬ֵҲܵˡ
ʱУڽ󷨵ۺϵҶСͻȻ˫ĿУ˫ĿһĨâҫһĨâ·ع˿۶ɵһ㡣
ĻͦġҶС˵һ䣬Ȼվߵʱ棬Ӱ˲ʧӰʧ¹УҲ߳˵졣
һһƬһǧĵطʮӰվһţֲƾһƬռĺ涼ǲӿ
᲻᲻ǣһλ˵
϶˵õģĵȱǣѵǵһëͷСӡ
ǰҲ֪ʲô
ھʨӴ󿪿ڵ׼ɣһ˵
ʱʮӰһ׵ľ봦ռ΢΢ҶСӰͻأ֣ûһ˿ס
ʥظֲ֣ʮӰҶСĿһء
صͬʱҲ˺ܶ࣬ǰĶʥصĸ֣һַˣЩֿܲնɱǸһ軹ǻġ
СλǰҶС繧Ķ˵ЩϼһĹϵôòҪһģϾһӸǣȻ̸顣
ôηû뵽ΪѾԶԶһ֣Щϼһս¶ֲʲôôһҪЦ˵
ϣҶСܵһѹһУնһеĽЩУҲֻж¼ҲŻϢû뵽߾Ƕ¼ˣУ¼˶ǶǰĿࡢθߴû뵽¶廹ĵˡ
ǰ̫ˣҪ˵ȥСҶҪصȥˣǰǱС绹кܶ಻㡣ҶСǫ˵
˲꣬ģӦǾ仰ǰˣǰɳ̲ϡһ˵
ǰǲϵ׳С磬Һǰȡ
һС꣬һȺϺ꣬һͣǫ˵ţ˵˰Ҳ˵ϣƫƫһ˵ĿЦһĵúͶӡ
ҶСȺϼһﶼƴģ˭Ҳϵͳ飬·һΪϵͳ飬Ϊ˵г
װϣҶС̶ȱЩϼһﶼ˶٣жϵİű˴ˡ


1481 ̸2
һ꣬һȺ˲֪ٸµͷһһģһһװ
Ϲ˰ǲ˵Щϼһﶼƣһôô໨ӣЩϼһﻹҪթ
ҶС磬ǾͲˣ̸°ɣϹ˰죬һ̲ס˿˵
̸£ѵΪ˺죿ҶСװһͿ˵
˭Ա˳죬Сӣͱװˣһ仰ϵͳ飬ô죿¼ֵЦʵϵķѵĲס۾һЦ˫۶һߣԵø⻬ȴû˸С̺ſֲ
ЩһĿҶС˼һ˵˵ʵڵģϵͳûȫзɹҪȫзɹҪܳʱ䡣
˶٣˵ϵͳǰһʱоһҳһ£ǽʶһֻ뵽ĻУ⻷Уӵʵеʣѧܣûʲôֱ𣬲⻷е㵥عܲһƬģǳĿǰ޸ġ
ҶС˵۾һϵͳǿ
С磬˼ǵϵͳоɹ󣬽ܹսս飬ܹع򣿡
ⲻҵĳ룬Ҳ֪ܹܲɹҶС絭һЦ漴¶һ˿֮ɫһֵϵķչǿĶ࣬ƾǵʵºս³ԿĻǣǵᷢչǿƼҪƼһоɱ޴ҲоõĶоսףϢļǳߣҲܸߡ˵һ仰ʱҶС罫ĿͶһɫۡһñӵߡ
ɫۡñӵɫ΢΢һ䣬ܲȻ
˾ͽĿͶߣû뵽˾ȻоֺñǾȻ֪ǵıԼ߰
Ÿոоѣ˵ҶС鱨ǳǿ󡣡ǿһЦ˵
ҶС絭һЦû˵һЩ㵽ˣЩϳɾļһĴ̶ȿ϶ܹ³ʲô
Ȼ˽ӵϵͳ˵˳ȥҲŹ˵һЩ͸¶ȥȻ֪оս¡
ĿǰоµԺϵͳͷչϷģʽֻҪһ룬תĻܹڸԵĵط⻷ˣе˶ͬһ⻷ӣ˺˻ܹսϵͳƵЩ˺ܶࡣ
ģϵͳǶôҾԻóģҲ֪оҪܶϧĽҪ߼˵˲ţʱ䣬ᣬʱǵ鲻ģҲףʱʲô򲻵ġ
ҶС⻰Щ໥һۣǶҪҪʼˣʱǽ뵽Ŀġ
ҶС磬Ǿ˵ЩϻˣһڼۣǮһһɫ۵Ϲ߶ҶС˵
ҶС罫ĿͶߣǮ㣬ϹֵǮһڼۣ˵ɣܶ٣Ҷ
ҶСһӣϹ¶һ˿ŭɫһ仰Ҳ˵
߶Ц
ڴҶ˴ףǮѾֵǮˣҪǮǻ˵㣬ȻǶ̸⣬Ҫһ㣬ЩЦǲܿġҶС翴ʮ˵
ףϹϹǿЦͲҪˣ˵˵Ҫʲô۲ܹϵͳҶҵʵ
һʱҲ˵޷ǾʲôҩҺɹȵȶԴЩоԱҪЩھǶ٣Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ϵͳûзɹȵзɹ󣬻ܹǸۣοзɹ󣬲ܹǳһЧȼ۽Ҫۣͯϣܹܲǲ׵ľͽҶСЦݵ˵
֮û˵ҪǸĴΪǿЧȵǿǸЧ󣬿϶һǸʱּۻռܴơ
˵ļǣȷʵҪһЧҶ˵
ҶС˵ͷøλǰС粻һ̬ȣǾǾԻὫзĶλǰûʲôĻСȸˡ
˵ţҶС׼뿪
һ£ҶС硣ʱ˵ñӵ߽סҶС硣
ǰʲô飿ҶСһɻʵ
ҶС磬ôϼһò׹һˣѵ㲻ȥĵط˵߿ҶС˵ϴҶСƵЦݡ


1482 ˵Ĵ
ϼһҲ˼ǶĿͶҶС磬һֹҶСܵ˼
ԣǲҽȥǲ֪סĵطȫ󷨣ȥܹУܹɢ˵һߴ̤˽ȥʱǶȲˡҶС絭һЦһʮִȵӡ
ҲȲˣѵǸ˲õģñӵ˵¶һ˿ɵ
ҶС΢΢˵ͷһ˫ĿһɨǸطǡóˣλǰȥһƷһ£롣
ҶС˫ֻһӿǰĿռֱӱ˺ѳһӣһ΢΢γһŻֱͨһƬռ䣬ǿռá
·ΪǿˣԵ쳣飬ÿ͵ˡ
Щߴռ֮ڿȥֻĵ죬뵣һ츣أ뵺̺ǲ󷨵˶ܹһƬܲ򵥣ɾȴ̺޵ɱ
ͼɢȥ鿴ո͸¶ȥ⵽һų⣬Ͳܹ鿴
ежùģ϶ǸŮӲó󷨣ĽĻ˭֪ʲôһҶСǣ˭֪أ
Щûн룬ҶСٴ˵һ䣬λǰ
ˣлкܶҪǾͲˣȵϵͳзɹ֪һ͡ǿһЦ˵ղ˵ȥ˵ȥҲоǴ˵ղǻҲУϾͷ
ĲҪȥҶСٴʵ
ˣˣԺʱ䣬
Ǿ̫ϧˡҶС̾һһϧӣɫһ䣬˵ȻˣСҲͲǿλǰˣСһٶȽϵͳзɹ
ǾͶлˣܹ඼Ĺ͡¼Ц˵
λǰС̫ˣС粻뾡ԼһѡҶСǫ˵
һ˽ҲҶ߸̾һͻȻ·뵽ʲôһ㣬ˣǸ˵һ£ĵܻһˣרΪ˶ԿģϣҲܹʱĳ˵Ļһ֪ͨ㣬ϾҲǻĵĶˡ
ллҶǰ棬ʱСһҶСм˵һ
һʮλ߷׷뿪ˡ
뿪ҶСͻأӰ
ղҶ׼ˡ񵭵˵һ
ҶС統Ȼ֪˵Щϼһȥιһ飬ЦЦ˵ЩϼһһȺ껹ƻǽȥǷ˼˼Ǹģû뵽ǾȻˡ
ΪؼģǶ񵭵˵
ţҲǣϵĻĻһɢɳһ֣ûһͳһָӣĿ¾ҪʧˣûлǿʱҲͲԶˡҶС̾һ˵л¶ĵǡ
㻹˺󣬻ΪĳЩȨƵĹߣһ»ӿҶС磬ѩȻҶСĵǡ
ҶСĿһһۣ˵ͷȷʵˣȨƺ󣬾ͻʧЩմȨϣе˶ܹ³ɼһ𡣡
˵꣬ҶСЦЦҲ֪ǹ뻯ˣʱҴ߷һ˾ˣȪСһƬغش
أʵ
㣿㵱ȻǸˣû㣬ǳжûлȨҶСЦЦ
˵ͷ
߰ɣҶС˵һȻӿռ̤֮˽ȥҲ˽ȥ˽ȥһƬռͻָռ֮ʧˡ
һҶСٵ˵ݶȵĵϣʱЩϻûнʲôյȵһ췢չЩܹˡ
ǵüӽʱ佫ݶȵϵ󷨲úãȴȫúúǵĺ󷽾ͳ׵һʧˡҶСһɻ˵
ţó󣬾Ǹͻ񾳵ĸҪƳ쳣ѣǻǺһֻóһţĲá˵
á
ʱһһж棬ҪҶСȥϺĽѩǹҲõģž彵ٻжʮʱ䣬ܹһ󷨡
ÿһ죬˳˻ָ⣬ʱ䶼˲ϣİһܹóʮ󷨣ٶȣҪݶȵȫ꣬»Ҫµʱ䣬彵ٺ󣬻ܹɣҪԺʱˡ


1483 ͬȥ
Ϊ彵ڼһձһŨ񣬾عҲԽȷ֮˵ٶȶڲϵӡ
صı仯Ϊ˶ܹǲûаϲ֮ĵǣ˭֪彵ٺ󣬻ֶĻÿһ˶ĲѣЩñȽϹϵˣǶʶȽ֪Ĳױһǽ٣ȴѪɺӣ׹ɽ
֮սУٴ󣬰̺ʥˮÿնдģսһƬϱڲԫͿ̿йһһЩԱֹҲ޼¡
彫Ҫٵ¼֮䣬ģսֹͣˣҲǾֲͻǶ֪սȥֻܾˣɳ֮
ܿ죬յʱѹϺĽѩȻûнӴգٲ֡
ҶС㲼ʮݶȵ󷨣ܱôĵ˵ǾţһëҲһ
һգҶС˲õ죬һҶСֵһҶСϤ֣Ǳ
һҶСչ֣ǱҶѰ˶ڣڵĵطǵڵһ
ò£ҶС綼֪ĵĸҪһˡ
ҪҪһͬȥҶС翴ڲһҪ󷨵ʵ
ǶѣҾͲȥˡҡҡͷ
ǺðɣҾȥˡҶС˵һӰһʧˡ
ããϣ֣ǱҶѰվգܣ·ҪҶСǴʲôطֵġ
ǻûиоκα仯ҶСӰͻأǰ
ôֵô죿Ͳܹһ㿴Щʱ̵ģƲŽ塣֣ǱƵĿҶС˵
۲ǴСԻǿһĺáҶС翴һ֣ǱЦ
ԺҪΪģھҪʼѧǸ֣Ǳһĳ˵
µǸʱǶֵˡҶСһ֣ǱļЦˣǲΪ˳˵飿
֣Ǳ˵ͷţȷʵΪ¼ĸͷ˸ողģѾ϶ˣڼʥϵĸֶžۼַ׷ϱԸ˵ĶҪ׼ԼϵݽȥʱЩ˶ᱻھĲҾͲ֪ˣЩҴġ
ŶһΪǻʥ֮ϵĸֶۼһ𡣡ҶСЦЦ֪һǻĸϣҲһȨķ⡣
ʥ֮ϵĸ־ۼһ𣬿¾Ҫˡ
ǰҶС絭ȻһЦĿԶ·Ѿ˾ʥ־ۼĳһɹɺƴƳ
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˼һתٴ뵽һ⣬ǸʱͻȻĳֽ٣նɱЩʥ֣ϣ¾ʹˡ
ȥۼ𣿡ҶСѯʵ
ڣϽȥɣʵܹһȨƣʱԸˡ֣Ǳ뿪Ц˵
ðֻҪǼԸˡҶСһڴӦˣ붼ᷢϾǴǵȻͼһ
ˣС磬ǾͲˣϽȥɣҪˣǰһһһˣõһȨǾˡ֣Ǳ˵һ䣬ȻͺҶѰһͬȥ
뿪ıӰҶСЦЦϵЦ֪˵ĳҲԤʾһ¸ֵĵ·ֻһִƵʹȻҲ˵ʷչıϾ׶Ρ
񡭡ҶСһ֪ҲעҲǺԼַˡ
ո£Ӱͳ֡
һͬȥҪٿ˵ĴˣǲȥĻǵĿʵ»ҶСЦЦ˵
ڰУʵ
ڰУȻҪˣǾҪóһǼɵʵҲֹܹͱӡҶСŹâˣЩǰΪָô
еΪָʥأеΪָʥأʥغͻϾǰΪҲǺܸߣֻﵽα񾳶ѡ˵
ѾˣһԵǰеԷЩˡ
Ѿ񹬵ԼģõʱһҲҲǣ񹬷ڵʱͱ̬
š˵ͷҲҶС˵Ļ˿ף·ѾԼȫһһԱ


1484 
ڻĸԻǣͷ׼˵鷢󣬶̶Сʱʱ䣬˲֪˲е߷׷ױ롣
ǵ׷׶֪һͶһݱϣ彵ʮʱˣû˻֪彵ٻᷢʲô顣
Ȼ鲢ôһûмˣǷ·ǱŹ̬ȣеˣͲô£ﻹֹ۵塢ദг԰
Сﴫ˳˵飬ʶѪӰѵǶеᶼ·˿
˸ǳɼǣͷ˵飬˻ڣܶС˾ǿĳûл˺Щ֧ţǶһֲͳĸооǵʵ̫ˣ̫أƶȶƣռɽΪղݿܡ
ЩС˵ˣһֶָ˳ȥ׼ˣһЩС˶ɢˣĻɢûֻܹȽɢ
ܻĵӰ죬Ҳ׷׳ˣСҺܶһֵĸֶ˱仯һеԭ彵١
һ޽ļΪµȫʽڣУȥΪ͵ĶʥأЩֺܶһֶڸĶɢޡ
ЩһԼϵѾܹоһɿµϿշһ֮ƣ仯紵һɳصƬе
һ̣е˶ܵһɺ嫵𣬾ͷ·ǽҪĻɽһ㡣
ոյﾩҶС磬һͿλã˫Ŀбâ
ľȻô֡ҶС̾һʱкܶλնȥ
ʱڣŵĸѾǧˣЩûģǻĵĵ̣Щܹȫգܹɨһд
߰ɣҶС˵һ䣬Ȼͽſڣȥſվ֣˵Ϊʥ۷壬ϴһսףʮ㡣
սһ֪ǻ˵ˣǻ˵ĴӪΪ˷ֹʵ͵˽롣
վס㲻ԽȥҶСոߵſڣſһս׵ǿֵסҶС硣
ǿǺ⣬·ֻҪҶСٸҶ߳һͻὫҶСȥ
ΪҲܽҶС˫ĿһУʵ
ѵ㲻֪ʸĶʥϵĸ𣿱ΪеϢĹǾͿΪϽ߿Ҫ赲ס˵ĵ·λӣս׵ǿߣҶСɫȴޱȡ
ô֪ҵΪʥϣҶСɫȻƽ
ҶСʻǿ¶һ˿ͷһ˿ļôӻҲãҾķڷǵ۾жװܹ鿴ָľƬǿ⣬ڲûκôͣʵ̫ˣλӴ죬Ҳܹȥǹ涨ϽʹȥҪȻǾҪԷ㡣
ǿ֮ĵΪҶСȫǿϣԼѾˣǰ˻֪ôĻ⶯ִ
ǵģΪ΢ͲҪȥˣװʲô󣬺ߡ
û뵽˾Ȼֶܹڵָȷʵһ㡣
˶ˡ
Χ۷׷ףһЩгֻһЩ¶֮ɫ
ιǰǸһ㲻ȥͲҪǵ·ˣǾʱƶˣҪˣġšˣɾǻĵʧˡ

Χ˴Ц˭ϷˣҶС硣
ҲҶС˵ͷͬ˵
仰Χ˶һ㶣ǶΪҶСɫǺľʹ뿪û뵽ҶСƤȻ˺񣬻İõĳǡš
ѵǸɵӣô仰еĺأ
Цˣһǧ꣬һμôЦˡ
ȷʵЦƤļôĵһμСӣ˵֣㻹ˣϽ뿪ɣﲻСӦĵط
ΧһЦЩֺһһȵӴҶС߾ȥ·ܹ;úӡ
ʵҶС絭˵֪Ѿˣһɿֲӿɽһ㣬ոЩˣʱӿߣս׵ǿҲõߡ
ҶСϹҳһ˿΢ЦһߵˣȻ˽ȥվ˷·ǻӭҶСһ㡣


1485 ˳1
ҶС˽ȥ˷㶵ˣΪҶСʵĺܵͣ˭֪˼ҵʵߵˣƾƣͽǵƶߣǶôµ
ղŶҶС䳰ȷЦļˣݺݵһſս׵ǿߣȻ˽ȥ
ǿжʧҲֳôЦҲһʵǿߡ
ܵǼ˵񣬻ΧεǿһίӸ߿ƼľƬûвҶСڵָǶԷƾǰ
һӴ֪ѵ⣿
ղ鿴ָûУǿ߿Ķʵ
ţûκָ
ǾͺãһΪ⣬Ҫȥǿ˵һ䣬ȻǱֱվһְӡ
߽ҶСһλþҶСչ鿴ڶֵͬڱˣ˸ͲҶСڲ̽ǡ
ԼʮҶС糤һڵĸֶ鿴һ㣬ӵеʥϵĸǧֲ̫ˣһӴ֡
ЩУʥصĸֽӽǧʥصĸ֣ӽһǧʥصĸ֣˰ٶʥصĸȴֻжʥصֻʮʥ۷Ĵֻ
һҶСһȷʵֲ⻹ֻǻĵһ϶ûнԼȫչֳصҲࡣ
߾ıʥϸֶ붼ʮ֮ж٣˭Ҳ֪
ЩصĻȻ˿ֲĵ͹Щʵ
ʱһһĹȥԼСʱûһֽ롣
ʱӰƾճ֣վգ·Ǳڣֻһֱûв
ʥصĸֲûкһΧλϣգ³ҶС⣬˶ûвൽ
ӰʱֲϢ˲ɨȫе˶ѻȸš
ӿ˱øߴޱȣǾһ㡣
˵ڣһ΢΢վĸһ㣬ܹǸͷģϵϢһְеĸо·һƬգݡ
һɫ۵ˣͷɫڣޱȣһ֮ࡣ
ʮպҪˣĲб׺ݣкܶ˶֪Ⱥ󼸴Σ嶼ĵطÿһΣͿ̿Ѫȷ磬⻹ֻһֶѡ
εϾǧ򱶣Ĵ½ˣҲԤʾǾ࣬һΣ赲סȫΪūⱻ裬һĻţϣԸ𣿲ǣ಻ԸⱻūۣԸĻţҪվʳˣܴȻһУеĻš˫Ŀйâ󣬷·ֱÿ˵С
ÿ˶ȾˣгһɷնɱǿߵͷѪڷڣȼա
ǵĲ磬ǰһΪһ壬綼ᱻ̲ūۣ˭ҲϣΪūΪ˷ֹ鷢ǱҪзɢһƸһսûѡĻᡣ
ܹ˵ҶԸ⿴һԿ˵ĵһˣҪһάҪһһ쵼ʹĹһɵĹ򡭡
ͷɫڵָɿĻｲȻ˵ĺܳûһ˸о׸࣬ǶĿͶˡ
ҶСЩֱӹˣֻЩҪĲ֣˵Ļжôɿ鶼Ӱ첻ҶС硣
һ˵Ҫ֡
ǻĸһо˽һзȨȻ˲͸˵㣬ϾǴҵģ⣬ʮλίԱλίԱӵִµȨǲɵĶ顣УִԺ鱨ơԴá
֮⣬̫ϳϡսȵһϵеϯλ˵ľҾͲ˵ˣһȻһ˸ֵļͼ
˵ĻҶС粻е滮˿ܵˣ˸ֶƣȫһսʱڲͼӣӿЧƶԣҲܹٵĽƻԴȥ
Щ⣬еĸ໥Լ໥ٽûܹȨȨõЧķֹ˻ĸĲͶá


1486 ˳2
ͷϽڵ˵һЩɿĻȻ͸ÿһ˷һŰֽֽǴӡ˸ŵְλֲͼҪ
˿˴ӡϸͼҶСֱԹЩְԸͲʺЩʲô飬ȤľսսǶȴźܴĺô
ҶС罫ĿͶսλã˵սҪһνսһЩ˺սսְλòһԺš
ĿִͣߵλϣִֻҪʮҪʥϵĸ֣ȻʥأְλѲȨЩˣЩǷеȨΪԼıȡ˽
λòʺ
ְλپ鱨У̽鱨ԱЩûʲôҪҪʮ֣֮
εģʲô̫ϳְλҪʮ֮λҪʮ
ֵ֮ķֲǳҶС綼̾˲żüð
ˣҾѡһսɣôˣ֪ôѡأĪǻҪսɣҶС
ѡˣʱ˹
ҶС˵ͷѡˣѡˣһսְλأ
̫ϳϡ
ԴҶСһ㶼ûоȣ֪ʵһ̫ϳס
ôȥҶСЦЦʵ
ûǸʵ񵭵˵
⻰ҶСһɻʵûǸʵ
ҵΪָֻʥ۷壬ղ˵ǸΪ벽ֻͽα񾳣սĻƾḻľ飬ܷܹһǳսĻ϶Ҳ񵭵˵
벽֮ͲôࣿҶС羪ȵʵ
ţʥУ벽ֻ㲻ʲôǴʥα񾳽粻һ벽ֻ൱ʥһĲ𡣡
û뵽Ȼô󡣡ҶСޱȣ⻹ֻǰ벽治֪αǸж
ʱͷɫڡɫ۵Ӽ˵ڸλѾѡһְλɣôڴԼϵԴֲͼıдǸҪѡְλ򵥵ϣÿһֻܹѡһְλȡʸ񣬵ʱ򣬻רŵͳƳȻݿԡԵķѡְλϵ֪ʲôûУ
ͷɫڵӺȣһŵӣһλľ
һ£ʱôԺͱԣһվʵ
ʱԻһ£֪ǵʲôģǺܹƽģô˿ţƽĻȻῴġͷɫڵӵһЦ˵
л档겻˵
ÿͬࡣͷɫӺһЦ
󣬴˺ܶ⣬Ӷĵһһشûһ˿ͷƷǷ
ҶС綼ɵ̾ÿ˶ˣûκ⣬ͷɫھˡ
ʥ۷ĸֶһӵӣοĶҲʧҲǳ⡣
ԴֲͼдԼϺѡְҵ
Ӻ󣬾˽еֽ
˶֮ˣȺרŵ˽Щֽд֣ȡƯգһס
ķʽֱˣе˶ܹҲʲô
һĿɨüӵʱ䣬˾֪Ǹְλ˶ˣʲôˡ
ҶС翴˿սˣﵽˣְλҲ
˺Цǻʥصĸ־⣬ֻһΪӮоܹ˵Զ󱨸ɫڵˣ⣬ûһʥظ־
ʥظֶ֪ʵʶûо
Ҳ֪ʲôôһߵĸоҶС
ٿ˿̫ϳϵҲܶ࣬ϯλһʮΪǾһʮ̭ʿǺܸߵġ
֪ҽЩûУʮӵʱ䣬ɫ۵ˣĿһɨʵĿˮ
ˡͬҿΧǿĽҪȻܶΪ΢ˣᱻɿֲ𶯵ˡ
ã˵ͷˣεְλҪȥ֣ȾѡѡҾ˵ȻһЦƽˮĿɨ˶оԼһۡ
ٶ˺øд
ĻܼΪƽһͰӣ˸޷ܾ顣
ͬ⡭
ͬѡ
ܶ˶Ҷ뿴˭


1487 ˳3
վͷɫڵɨһȫ˵ȻǾͿʼɣҽһ£Ӯְλľ֮һְλľ߹
Ļ£ಡӰΧλԾվӮǰ
Щ˸ԽһԼ˵ЩȻҲǱһԵ̬ȱһְλӮоԼ˺ܶ࣬һԲλĸо
Ҷ֪ΪҪΪܹŷҪ²ż汸ͨıԣ֮ıԾͲñĸߵ˰ɣֱӱıԣǿôӮ˵
Ƕͬ⡣໥һ˵֪ԼΪԷ˵ֱӱıԡ
һ£ıǸôأһʵ
֮֮ԣλٵô
룬˵ͷΪһıϵ֪ʶΪĸԵҪĶ࣬ȻھԵʵǰκεıԶãǣ˵ıԻǿ֮սʱͨı֮˷ǳ֮࣬ЩܹݺᣬΪƸΪ꣬սʱһ֮ıԡ
ͬ˾Ϳʼʷϸҵıԣʲôݺ֮ʲô֮ʲô֮ȵȡ
ӮҵıѾڻͨˣԼı֪ʶĶ֡
һӮӮˣǺǲȻһſĿбԡ
һ£ѡ˱ա
âӿн棬ҫۣգһ·棬ش
һ£Ӯ־Ͳ̣һīڳ۵ʵ
Ҫ֪ﵽ磬˴˵ļǿҪӮĶԷóһֶııֶΣһ˶Կˣ⼫Ϊ
һ°ɣģܹ֧ŵסӮһЦȷǷ
ȻѾô˵ˣôǾͿʼɣīɫŹâһ˿˿ŭ⡣
ߣҪ֪ǵĴۣ
ǲռˡ˵Ҳ˵ͷҪһƽοôǰӮҲܲʡ
˼ᶨӮ˵ͷðɣ
£ö۶ɣֱϣµλöͬȻֻǵһȴ˸оޱȣµѾ˳档
һһ嶼ĸĿλãµ嶼λãһϵĺλԪҲĴһͥѹļ˻ĵĸо
Ӯϵһֵλãʥǿ¶֮ɫоͨյɫе΢䣬Էĵһ̺һɰĥĸо
˼ӵʱǿ߲Ÿһö塣
Χ壬ҶСҲһ㣬˵ϾͨȻпա
תۼһСʱʱ͹ȥˣ̣ڰ׶໥ɱս̺£·عڽս
ʱǿ߶ͷ亹ֱһԹȵӡ
ˡʮӺһˣҰܣֱǴһǱݺݵѹŴ
ˡ
ˡ

ڣ䡣
ϲӮֳΪ˵˹˹һ˵
ǴҵģҪҶЭǡӮǫ˵
ӮֵĲŻǵ˾֧㡣һᶨϿҵ˵ӮѣǲŻȡ
Ӯת˲䣬շ֣ҶСֶζеУıУڰӰˡ
˵ľ˵Ѿˣ˵ӮǵӮһʥ۷߳˵˵С
Ӯǰ߳һʱ䣬죬·Ǵܹ֮ϴ˵꣬׷׶䣬ݷһƬ͵ľ
ƾոֳһãĽɽͼɫƣһ֣˼ĸо
ݼʱ˶վͬҶС˶վ˶վǲվĻԵ̫ˡ
ҶС绹ͦģĶšĴ˿ͳϿʵģαװģܹ仯ҶС統Ȼܹ
װĻҶСԻѣһԼܹƭˣеۡ
Ҷ˰ɣԼˣûҪôлҿӮӮģֻҪһ죬;Բ޼ɵǻľڣɱ¾ֻҪһ죬ҾͲ
ȻǶһˣ˱Ҫһ֣ǻĵͼΪôǸȡΪڣǻ˶ҪһԾɣЦ񷣬λôӮĿһɨʵһ̵һĵһƺƴ
ڡڡܶ˶Ƭռвϻص


1488 ˳4
ѡһΪ²ż汸ѡ˵ҲˣΪڡ
˵һ¾ƵĿһ͵ĵ
ѡɹ󣬽ѡԱ̫ϳϡȵȣÿһְλòͬķԡѡ
ѡ󣬶ְλһѡˣһʱְλֶѾѡˣֻû
ҶСԸԳĵõսְλΪͼʶõ̫ϳϵְλûκ
սְλĿˡԣΪд̵ΪʱоˣһԼǿһȻɼ
ֻĽڲãʯ֪ٿռ籩ߡٿֲʴľʽ
ֽǿҶСչֳǿһûнֻ㻵
˴̵ڼϽеģΪˣѧԺϷЩзһϷǽľˮ׶Եߺ츳ߣЩ⻹жֵơ
˵ʱЩѡڵϺ͵Զսս˵ֱ̭ʤ֮໥ȽϣʤĿΪʱѡս
̫ϳλõʱԣǸ˵ˣʺϽڡ
ǸʱҶСվֱ˵ѣѾеˣοԿǲֹġ
ҶСɵУǸһƿԣһ仰Ҳ˵͸˵ͬ
ǰͲиּڣӶԺԿ
ѡսְλҶСͱĿֻ߲һߣĹƣһھܹͻơ
Ӯ˵һ£ְλ帺飬Ȩ˵ķǳ
ѡְλԱʱĺܶ߶׷ױˡ塢ͬලЩ˷˳ʵǷֵڸ档
ݳͳƣһαﵽʮ֮Ϊ͵Ķء
ڵĻоͰ˸ԵһսҪصĵط̫ϳĵط
Ҳ֪ǹ⻹⣬ҶС类䵽ȪһҪؾŸСȵҲǸΧڣصĵطSУʮ֣ʥĸʮصĸֻʣĶʥصĸ֡
ÿһս߶Ѽ鱨ˣЩµȻҲˣ֮⣬ʲôطߣִߵȵȣЩ˵ĴڣһΪ˸İͣΪ໥Լá
Щ鰲бڵ߶˳Уܶϯλ涼һЩˡ
ҶСҲõЩ˵˿ǧˣЩУΪߵʥصˣʥʮʥжʮ
ǧУʥˣĶ֡
ҶС翴˿ʱ̾һҪǿࡣ
һСʱʱͻȻ䣬ֹֻվվӮ
ӮĿһɨ˵ǵְλµѾȫϣ˾ͽ棬Щ˿ܾԼµ˲࣬Ǹǣ뽫Щ˵ϽڣڵĹش⣬ǹܲסµˣҪڣԼ飬ûǸ뿪ڲҪˣ𣿡
ס
ãڿʼʽӮдԵ
ʱ
ڸλġ
ģڵһԱʲô£ڵ棬棬ǵĴΪ˶Կ壬Ϊİ滷ĺƽԸⲻսһѪׯ϶صĽҲ赲ס
¡Ծ֮Ͻף·ڼ֤˵ԡ
Ѫþûصؼ䣬ǾˣѪڣļ鱻ϰ꣬ǧĲྫȼˡ
һ̼䣬һģĵõһŽᣬ·Ƿ˽֮ìܣе˼˶Կϡ
˵ĳĴһƬеǹѹȫΪ˶ܶĶԡѪɱеĶ
˿Ϊ۵ʱ̣еʱ̣ؼ˴Ща֮ȫɢˡ
˶ɢˣԻص˸Եĵط磬صصĵطµҲᵽһոµʱ


1489 
ھʱ䣬ֱе鰲˲Ŵɢȥ
УҶСһжȥ˵֮ĵľƷ˷츲صı仯е
Ӯǻ˵ˣ䲢ֻǧѣΪػδޱ£Ϊʥ˾ء
ѷعҵ£Ϊܹﵽ־磬ò˵һΰ漣
˵ؾǰͻǻһλ϶ѣر仯ΪһǧһӴﵽ۷壬Ц¡
콾
ոճڿȥƽƫ̻һȻ֮ơ֮ơ
зУҶСܹе˶ڷ׷£Ȼ᲻һ˶ڳޣͳһǶԿĴ¡
ôҶС翴ʵ
һţ峹׽ٺΪܿ춼ͻƵα񾳡۵
ҶС˵ͷȷʵ䶼֪˶ţ֪жŶڸ̾زһʢҪˣ֪жӢ𡣡
ϣֵܹס塣
ȽԼá񵭵˵һ䣬˳ˣ֪˻᲻Ľϵͳó
ֻҪΪలΣ룬ֺηأҾĲ룬Ȼ˵ǹʵҪĵĶҲܹǡҶС¶һ˿ᶨ
ӴʲôУܸղʱȻһǻѪһΪలΣƴӣֻǵֻѣһ侲֪ж˻ָĿ˶˽ĵģҲ⡣
ȻڸոճǸͷ񣬵ǵʱͲһˡ
ˣȥɣЩ󷨵Ĵڣǵĺȫģȡܹ񾳸ֳ֮ǰݶϵȫɡҶСЦЦ˵Ȼ䵽һϡ
ûö೤ʱ䣬Ǿһ
ʱǡ磬ոսߵƲȾɲϼһ˶֮ɫƯյڡ
˵ǻһˣΪڣǲģҶСոպϪˮĶһСһ㣬ıߵҶСߣҶСĸ첲ʵһ˫۾һ˿˷ܻн
ڶϢˣҶС羪ȵʵ
ˣûмڣ
ˣܲȷſҵĸ첲ӶһŮ˵ʧٲáҶС˵ͷ漴ε˵
ѵǽңҪ߽㣬۸ҡһίӡ
ǣû㣡ҶСޱƵ˵
ģգŴ۾ʵ
ġ
ҮҾ֪ˣǲ¸λ㿴ˣдЦʵ
ǣΪ롣ҶСһ˵
ƭˣ֪ѩˣģǲῴġһ˵ţһҡҶСĸ첲
㻹أҶСε˵
㲻ģǲ㣿һ˵
ڶŮֻж첻µز£Ͳµ
ʱͯľܿͺʫ˴¥˳ŲͷһľܿʱҶС³һС࣬ϽܵϪˮ
һĻҶС羪ޱȣû뵽Ȼһ˿ľܿ㡣
С磬㣬ˡͯһͻݵСӡ
ҶСĸĸͯеǺϲϾͯҶСҪʮ꣬ҲС˾ѣ⻹һ㣬ͯѾ˸ˣŮʮˣͲʡ
ļͯΪТ˳Ҳľ̬Ȳĸı˺ܶࡣ
ţˣʱˡҶС¶һ˿飬Ȼǰһͯ˻Уǹᡣ
һԵ񿴵һĻоȱʲôһ㣬¶һĨ֮ɫȻĬĬȥ
ʫǲֲúóԷ㿴㣬ʣƤͷˡͯӵһҶСɿͯ˺ʫʫŽŰľӣҶСоۣϧĿ˺ʫһۣı˻У·ҪڻԼĻС
ÿοʫһĪۣȻܹоʫĳŮҵ¶˸Բ룬֪ʫΪʲô
ŮӺһȻһ䶡ڷҡҷµǷ


1490 ʱܿУ
ҶСؽʫһ·Ҫеȫ
һӵʱ䣬ҶСĽʫɿʫ¶ҸЦݣҶСظܵʫжİˣҲŨˡ
֪ΪʲôѰʺʫʫ϶˵һϲ·ˣñΪԼģҲûпȥʣ׼ò
Ժĵ㣬ҪԼܵίҶСĿˮźʫ
ʫ˵ͷҲ⡣
ҶСĿƿͶľܿϡ
ʱľܿһϮ޺ɫײ޲ĳȹһ֧νīһĳ߸ɫ΢ڲϼӳ˲ɫе˶
һ˫̺ˮӹǣɫ㴽̲סҧһڵļջ󣬰͹µģ͸¶žķ飬ĵߣǴ̼еĻ棬Ͷ䣬ȻѾ뵽˹ͺǻе
ǲǹģҶСߵľܿǰҲ˻Уǿס˶͵ߴһ˵
о˶ĽѾҶСɿȻһȻŮ˵Ƚȥɣ
ľܿԹҶС磬ҶСЦЦʱ֪ҶСǹġ
ҧҧݣȻħеĲӸҶС¥Ŀȥ
ոҶСȼһŻ棬ոȼһ˰ȣиĻȴȥһӾп˺ܶ࣬·Ǵʲô
ߣܲܵס
ħ˫ӾǿҵĳҲ
ʱʫͯû𣬸˵ҶСˡ
硢һһЦģΪǿҵҩ̼ġ
СһҪúýѵǡҶСкݺݵȻ̤һسɴֱʧˣ¥ĿС
ҶСֱʧͯͺʫЦ
ܿ㣬ͲҪ׽ŪˣողŻͯľܿ˵
˭ղ۸ˣҾͲ»ݡľܿ˵һ䣬һ˽ȥ
ͯͺʫ˶һۣЦЦȻҲ˽ȥ
¥УҶСĸĸǶڣ붼ȥЩڵĵˡ
ʱֻҶСŮҶС罫˵˵һ¸˵һ£һ£顣
ܲľܿĹջֱӽ¥ϣûжãǶ˵𣬿еһ졣
ʫǡͯںʫĶ˵һ仰Ȼںʫ˼н¥߽ҶСľܿڵķ䡣
һ꣬˸⾫ҶСӵұ֮ʱҵŴ򿪣Ǵ˽ţпĽѩ˽
ϵʱ΢΢һ㶣һֹӣݺݵҶСһۣȻţ˳ȥ
ŮһЦ׷Ѱ·
ϽСѩˡͯһҶС˵
û£ġ
ȻҶС˵ģȻ·Ȼ¥
ĽѩڿеɳϿŵӣŵӵңƵһһֱ̨ȻִЩ̨Ƶ˵һƵܶʼ·Ҫң
ҵıѩôˣѵǵӲÿҶС˹ĽѩߣסϸС˵
ӲÿÿĽѩĵҶС֡
ôÿˣÿҲû£˳˵ſžϰˣ˵㿴٣࿴ͻúÿˡҶСٺЦٴסĽѩСƾôĴ޼¡
ſҡ
ΪʲôҪţ
Ϊ㡣
Ҳ㡣
㡭ǸҶСһåĽѩְĲҶСһš
ôˣԴˣҪĻ㣬ٴζУôҶСĽѩ˵
Ľѩһ·˺ΣҶСһۣޣåҪЩˡ
ÿβҲ𣿡ҶСдЦ⿴ҶС硣
㡭㻹˵
úãҲ˵ˣôˣΪҪԵ޹ʵĳԴףҶСʵ֪ĽѩǺʫ£ֻҪʼͻ˵
㣬ΪѧУȵط㵹ãȻǲʱ̫ˣʱ̫ĻЩŮ˾ͲæˡĽѩܲĵҶС˵һӡ
һʱնѵЩѧԱ˳ˣҶСҲˣҶСһ飬û뵽ȴһĻвһ
𡭡ûʱ䣬ⲻǷһͲҪˣԣǲʲô飿ҶСϽЦʵ


1491 ߲
ĽѩҶСһۣſ˵˳ǻԼеҲãȥȰȰҸĸǶ
Ҳ룬᲻Ĺ˾ģ㲻õģһս֮һȪСеȼУֻҪڣʲô鷢ģȵĲֹʱٽǽӹôҶС˵
ĽѩҲ֪Լ׵ԸƽȵĻУôȰ˵ͬϾѪ
ðɣҪҪˡĽѩ˵ͷˣѧУǱ߻顣
Ľѩ˵һ仰˳ȥ
Ľѩ뿪ıӰҶС¶һĨǸ⣬һʱǰ˽ȥ
ʱʱǼѧԱǶϴڱеٮٮߣҶСĵûʲô仯
Ϊֻһ˿ܹ߲ڣʱһ¾ܹͻơ
ҶСһطȻͱ˫Ŀ״̬ûŶ
ҶС״̬ʱһƴӮ
˼ǻľڵСˣڵģ˫ֻӭģ彵ʱĻɱ⡣
Եϵе߶һ
˷һһ˶ɢˣһС˼ΪִǸͲᣬǸţڻǶ֡
ҲΪĵİ彵ٺ󣬻ֻҪһҪȻЩڱϺȣͶԻĴˡ
ɢ˾ʽ
Աϵķ˻ͦģҪϯλϲлĸˣдɢޡ
ҶС籾ΪĵҪֲڸǵЩκɢ֪ɢҲޱȡ
ռ֮һ
תۼ䣬һʱȥˣʱҶС˫Ŀеâۣеǳ
ֱ߳󷨣һ棬֮ӿӵҶС壬
ҶСϵƲֲޱȣѹ𶯰˷
һӵʱ󣬷Բʮڵ֮һȫҶСڣһƬռΪ״̬
ʱҶСһͨһ㣬˫ĿεĹâųŷϵơ
ǡһʱͷɱƴ׵ĸΪʵס
ͻƵ˵߲ڣȻǿѹôͻƣֻһСʵȻô࣬ǲ˼顣ܵͬŭ񳱵ҶС
ʵѾܹնɱʥصĸˣʥس۷ĸӦúҵʵ࣬ʥڣҲǶ֣þһ˵߲۷壬ҾͿԺɨʥǿˡ
뵽ҶС粻ɣٶ߲۷ò˶ʱ䣬Ҳʱ䡣
ѾʮˣСʱˡҶСŹâ
ʮʱ򣬾ҪȪмˣʱѾкܶӿȪУҶСĲ鿴£Ѿǧˡ
֮⣬кܶ˶ڶ˹
ԶĴϣÿһƬϿգȻ߿ֲϢ·һֻֻ͵ڻĵոߺ
ʱѾҪˣ߰ɣҶС罫ĿͶһգ·Ѿ̴󷨣뵽һС
Ƭ̺ӰͳҶСߡ
Լʱ䣬һʱ䡣񵭵˵
û£һȥһº֣Ȼս٣ǣֱӶǧַ϶ҪѡһЩཫӳְ֮ӹͻ᷽ܶࡣҶС˵
ʵо»ȼģʽʵ
ţף㾹ȻҲ֪ҶСĿû뵽Ҳܹ˵ִĴʻ㡣
ӵļ䡣񵭵˵˵ǰޱ
ҶСü˵Ҳˡ
߰ɣҶС˵һȻȪϿգգ鿴Ȫڵߡ
ʱȪж˺֣ܶЩ˷·ǴӾ֮콫Ϸ˼䡣
СƵꡢݵȸطܹǵӰȻܶչܹȪв鿴꣬鿴Լ۾ָоȫͬǿӣͿʵĲй㡣


1492 ˵
ȪУһűµĲ¥УʥΧһеƷζŲˮЩ˶һɢޡ
֪ǸսҶСǺˣôһƷζһСڲˮ˵
˵ֵܣòǴӻİɣҶС綼û˵һһ˹ӿŸ֡
һֱղų˵Ϊ˶ԿˣҾͱΪ࣬Լһ黹治ô˽⣬ǰĳ֣һ֪һЩЩûû˵ѵҶСɣɻĿΧʵ
ҶС粻ǺǷǳȵ𣬲ֻҪߵ˻϶ҶСˡ
Ȼô⵹ҵȤ˵˵ã˽һ¸ǵս˵
ǰȻЩ˶ûзϣӵһսնɱʮʥǿߣһս׳ϼԭϣնɱ˵ڶ֣ǰһʱ䣬еõһֵΧ´ȥЩΪ͵ĶʥأΪߵһ˾Ȼﵽʥء
ô˵϶ʲôǲǣ
ţȷʵǣֻҪΪˣκ˶ֵܹ˵ͷ
Ҿ֪Ҹ˵ҶСŶʮ꣬⻰ʲô룿
˻⻰ֲһ
ⲻǼٵİɣе㲻ŵ˵
ʲôٵģϲ鿴һ£϶ˡ
˲ţ治֪ôģǴ̥пʼҲܴﵽ־簡Ƕ˳ɰǧˡ
źЩ˵뿴ǧܹﵽĸ硣
ʵǿǶԿ岻ǶϷⲻҪʵǿ󣬻Ҫı飬Ҿľ鲻㣬һ㶼Ƚϸ߰ñ˵Ľԣ֪ʲôˡ¶һ˿ǡ
ҲǺ˽⣬ʱҲˣһ֪ˡһЦ˵
ߺ۸һУ¼ҡϹҡŷһżҵˣǶۼһ
Щ˶ǷֵҶСµĸ֮ˡ
Ҫ𣿡¼һʵ
컹ܹôǱģο˻϶ЩɵģǶӣ˾ҪɢˣЩ廹һЩ˵İѱ
Ѿ˵ˣǾ͹ԹԵĴ¡
ѵǾͲ˽һһʲôƣǾͶҪˡϹһ˵
ģңִߣкܶһڣ⵽ȫ
ѵǾôĸԸڲɣ¼ƺе㲻ʵ˵
ʲôڲսҪţǱ˵Ϊأĵˣǲʲô飬Ӱ쵽İοǾǧˣҿɲų꣬Ƚȥ˵
Ҳֻˡ
ȪеӲҶСĲ鿴ʲôֲóʲôȵȣܹ鿴õ
¼ҡżҵЩ˵ĻҶСȫˣվеҶСЦһˣҪȻҲɱӺ
ʱȪҶСЩ֣һҶС磬Ȼ᲻һ˵޵ռһ벿֡
ʱһһ뽥ȥת۾죬պѾʮˡ
ˣǶѾˡҶС˵
ţʲôʱֱӴ绰ߴ
ͷȻʧˣĵط붼ʡڣһĸֶʡڼϣϾܶ飬Ҫʡϡ
ս̫ϳϡִߡߵְλ˻໥֮䲻棬бҪʱϵ
սִֻ̣Щģ֣ЩߵȵȸһƬڲȷÿˣһ
Ȫģһ¥ϣʮʱֶܶɢѰҶСӰ
ʱҶС¶˳
ʮսżϡҶС簵һ쳹һأȪеװף
ಡҶСո£ӰʹȪиڿնվա
䣬ҶСΧѾվˣЩΪûдﵽʥĸ֣ҶСĹ㳡ϣɹɿֲڵȫһһʱ䣬ƺƺƣ
ҶС粢ûйЩ仯ɨһڶ֡
ЩȻʵǣôһɢɳս»ޱȣ˾ѵĶ飬ܲס
ҶСоһ⣬ҪһǳΪһļ塣


1493 
ҶСһɨһƬڣ˵ȫˡ
ֻǧŰپʮˣȱˣǵȴӡҶС翴˵ɢһɺ⣬·ܹ˵һ㣬ģе˶ԼͷųϢ
ˣҶСҲԼϵķʽЩˣҪԼš
ղֶβ֮һöѣʵЩڵ֮йò˶ٴΣЩ˶ˡ
ʱһƬڼžޱȣûһ˵վеʥ֣㳡ϼ֡
Ȼֻж̶ӵʱ䣬Ȼ˼һ㣬ֳصղÿжһѹֵĸо
ӺϢ½ķշ
ߣһСëӵǵս˺Ц
ǣǣսࡣ
ߣȥƣǸСëӵʲô¡

Ӱûеſʹ˹ޱȣ·˿ûнҶС
˻Χе˶ĿͶҶС磬뿴ҶС׼£һЩгֻ֮ɫһϷӡ
Щ˵б仯ҶСȫûᣬУʼ˵¡
̶ľ룬зʮ̵ģ·ﵱ˷羰Ĺ͡
Ǹˡ˷ɹһִֵĿҶСһ˵ȻϵǸΪϸһ֮ɫ
仰˵ΧĴзȥӼΪ⣬·ǵԼһ
ʱҶС˫ĿâųһʲôˣȻһǵĵʮսš
£һץ˺ѵ𣬷·һƬռ䶼ץˣֲϢϷӰһӾͱҶСץ˹
ҶС硭Ҫʲôǵʮսŵˡһ˺һ˵һ˿Ŀ־壬һ˿ǿɫ
ǵʮսŵˣҶС˫ĿһɲǼ仯ΪεĹâ̽ǵڡ
ۡͬʱһѪʺѪҺ£һ̼䣬˶ĿͶҶС磬УûҲûһ˵
ܵҶС˫Ŀеĺ⣬˸Ͻ˵ʮսŵˡ
ȻҵʮսŵΪβʱһڳԣҶСʵ
⡭·һ鵢ˣ¡˵˵һ˿Ĳһ˿ĺڣ֪ͲӦǸ˵Ļ
֮ô٣ΪʮսŵսһʮˣǾһ˿裬һԿĴѵܹһëСӵ
Ƕ׼ģ¥һˣ̸Ǹ˶ҶС絣սְλҲΪǡҲһļϣ׷˵ŶҶСĲ
Ǹ˸ǳһ⣬˵ǳǶᵣģǸ˴Ʊ˵ⲻǵһۣôǰҶСһǲģֻܹãԷһɵ﹦ˣ˭֪һӴùͷ
ȻѾԼٵˣǾܵӦеĳͷɣҶС絭˵һ䣬ӳһƣû˿Ҳûκ
Χ˶¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫûκεǹвԴлһʺš
ͻȻ䣬˲ҽһŤʹŤޱȣϵ·ʪ͸ˡ
ǿϵϢҲήҲǻΪ˺ҶСݵһϷ
ǲҽ·˵꣬ÿжһɺ⡣
͵ĹܶǶҶС繥ֹͣΪҶСһƣûκε仯
ʮʱ䣬ҶСһץ·ĳֶǵץһ㣬ֹͣ˲ҽУϢ٣Ҫжҡ
ǵΪѾʥأξҲɱǣ´Σʲô꣬ǵʱ֪ˡҶСЦһ
ҶСϵЦ˶һЩлû˸˵ͷôõģǸʵ
ллսݡͬ˵ɫήҵһ֮ɫ
վȥɣҶС絭˵һ
ǡ˵˵ͷȻվ˶С
ҵģÿ˼ǧ


1494 ΪǲҰ
˵ıĵҶС綼УһܣȻ˵޹زɷԲ޷ɲ𢣬عأжǻķٰȣͬ弴֣ΪһҲӦһĹ򣬷һǻһƬңʱ򣬿¸λУǧǧҲС
Ĳ׺Ƕ֪һУʲôشҶףˣǱعأ˿̣ҶСԸ򣬼ÿһ涨ϣҶܹ
˵ҶС翴˿ˣ˵ܲ㡣
ҶСŶããնȥ
Ȼ֪ҶСǶʲôȥ˶ѡ˷ղʥصĸ־ӣֹĹʵ⡣
ʥնɣЩ쾳֣ٸ˹ȥҶСշеٶȲ죬ҲΪܹЩָϡ
ۿϰٹʱҶСͣƮ£̤ںϣ˷׷׷Щʥһվں档
ΪսҶС綼վ˺ϣǵȻܹվգ⡣
ҶСľٶЩ쾳ĸһ˿øУνϸھɰܣҶСվϸھܹһ߰ˡ
Χ˶ˣҶСת˫г·˫ּһ
˫֣лһĹ켣پ£·Ļתۼ䣬һöľγɡ
ҶСľٶ˶һĪѾˣҶСڲ󷨣ΪҪ󷨣ǾͲö֪ˡ
ѵҪɱҵȣԲңܶжô룬һʱ
żҡ¼ҵȺҶСԩļ߸˶ĺҶС罫ɱ֪ܲܣֵǾǲܹŽȥ
ԼӺҶСΪīΪֽʮöġ
ȥҶС˫һʮöȫʧܵա
ҶСЩģЩȫɢŲõĹâЩâȫһȻʧЩҲʧ
˶ܿ˿ûʲô仯ʱиɻˣĿͶҶС硣
ǲصģⲻɱⲻҲõ֮Բʮĺ򶼱ˣ˸ͿǣȻҲǣʲô˶֪ҶС翴˵˵ܹĸܵЩеĺº͵ǣش˽һ䡣
ҶСô˵˶ɢ˳ȥоԼܵƣһȻ΢΢һ֪ҶСԸǣ϶᲼óһɱ󣬶ָ󷨡
һ䣬ǾЩ˵ʵ൱ĻǺսʲôҶСûнΪҪ󷨣ֱѯʵĿϬޱȣÿ϶ɨһ顣
ûпڣҶС΢һ˵˵˵ʲôҶͷǣⲻǴ໥
ҾûܾˡþãһС˵ΨֵҶС磬ղҶС˵ֶοǿС
شĺܺáҶС˵ͷһ죬һɿµʱ䣬һɫðȻɢա
лսֲ鿴һڵı仯Ͻָм˵
һɫǲеĻ𶾣ǰΪһζҩһֻսȻնɱֻޣҲˣƺת˲ʱʱͻʹͣһɻգúܶ˿Щ˶ûзʲô⣬û뵽ҶСһӾˣܹмأ
ÿҵȻҪİԼˡҶС絭˵
˿ҶСĿⶼͬˣȻܹղһɫӿֵΪǿһ֡
˭вͬ˵
սҾǻܣϾ̫ˣǵֶβǸԷס
ԼǲܣҲҰܡ
ҶС緽ŵľٶǸеҶС粢һˣеѹֶɢˣһſ
Ȼôۣ޷Ǿִ𰸣ʤܡܾˡ
ҶС˵ۣһûдˣܶ۵Ķ첱Ӵ֣ڲҶС綼һЦ
ˣͣɣʮӵʱ䣬ҶСź
ҶС緢ˣ˶ֹͣǶĿ⼯ҶСϣ֪ҶСĴ𰸡
ҶǸ˵˵һҵ뷨ΪǱذܣǲҰܡҶСоһص˵


1495 Žᾫ
ҶС˼ᶨ˶ǲĿ֪Ϊ˵Ŀ϶Ȼ֪ҰܣΪλҪս
˵뷨ҿ϶ܲôܻܣǵʵǵĶͨǵʵȷʵͶԷͬǣһսʤܵĲʵǿ󣬶鱾ء
ӹŵʷжʤսۣ˵ıãܶԣıǴһԿףʤսĶ顣
ױƴҴмΪŽľ񣬾ɳʯ۳ʯأ㿴Լվɿ޹ɿԣɳɳʯ࿹ܲƣҶС·һƬ졣
ҶСҶСϬĿ⣬ǿ˿ԼߵˣҶСıǡܶ϶¶֮ɫ
ǿ߶˵ɱеģ˿ڶ࣬һ㣬ѡǿߣ̭ȥߣǵս鼫ΪḻЩǿɵĶϵļΪĬһ֧ӵΪǣֵܹסʮֹҶС翴˵ЩʱȡЩһļ䣬ǵļв鿴ġ
ûжҪˣǻһӣǣǻڶŮΪѪʳūԸ鷢𣿡ҶСһʵ
ԸԸ鼤ĺأ쳹ķÿеǹɲȼˣ˭ҲϣԼԼˡΪūʳ
ҵ˼شѾˣһ壬Ҫһӣһ𣬶һɢɳ
ҶС仰˵˶ƶվҶСǰһ֧飬ղһҶСΧһ𣬿ƺǹڡ
һ֧Ž᲻վһˣָŽᡣҶСָָԼ˵
ȻŽ⣬ҪսӲܹӳǿսҵ⣬Ҳǵ⣬Ϊϵǵ֮·ޱȣǶϣ·һֱȥ;
彵ֻʮˣ˵ΪǻڶŮС˵ΪԼǶҪŬȻұ֤ÿһ˶ţһᱣ֤ȡﵽֻͣҪǰҵķѵԼ
ظղѾҵһְҵɣûһͨ󷨣Ȼ˵ޱȾͨΪţ󷨵شҶ֪ǧˣóһ󷨣նʥظȫ⣬ʣʱĲˣҪȻҾŽǴɻĵһսţһ֧ŷɥսš
ʮʱҲˣֻҪǵļƻѵȻܹƻնɱˣǶԿЩ屣صĵطǲġҶС翴˵
ҶСĻжһΣ󷨵ѵ󷨵ǿ˶֪
˶һֻֿŵھҶСݣǾûϣˣҶС󷨣ж
˵飬ҶС綼Уĵ˵ͷ
ѵǰ˵һ飬¹ϵԺγɵǷܹתһ壬ҲϣҵսУԼ˶Լ˱ͱӣսУ֮ܺܶ䶼ìܣڣҲ֮һЩìܣ񲻹ʲôìܶҷȴ屻Ǵܺôı㣬ڶʵʵģ͹ҵսţܹ𣿡
ܡ˶
ˣ򣬸ղ˾ǵĺҶС˵ۼĿһ۳¼ҡżҵȺìܵЩˡ
⼸˶ͷҲ֪ҶС粻רѰ鷳ˣȻҲ׵ҶСǸùͷ
Ϊ˷㲼󷨣ڽսŷֿʮʥصĸվҶСĿһɨ˵
ʮʥصĸվ˳
ʮʱΪսеƫʮʥصĸֳС
ʮվҶС˵Ƕʮʱƫߵ
ȥʮˣʣǧŰʮˣǧŰʮ˷ֳʮ飬һƫһ֧飬ÿһ֧ٷֳʮСӣʮСһӳӳ
˵ҶС翴˿Ŀһɨ˵ʵȫˣսƽֳֿʮ飬ȻÿУָʮӳͶʮӳҽΪʮСӣָ˶ӳ͸ӳһ
ҶСɨһ˵ҰŵЩְλʱԵģ˭ûģԶ̨ϣһǾԼ󷨵ˮƽҸߣܹսңԸսְλְλǡ


1496 սǰѵ
ҶС˽Щְλϵ֣е΢΢ĲҶСĻֲʧˣһЩְλ־
ҸղŷֻĴӡСվһ𡣡ҶСĿһɨ˵
ҶСĻ£ʱӰƶӰһӵʱ䣬˲վλá
˷ֳʮͣƫվ͵ǰ棬ÿһͷΪʮСͣӳСӳվС͵ǰ档
ȻվĻеңղ˵ɺ࣬ҶС뽫ǵΪȫӡǵͨˣѵһʱ䣬ǸʱǵľòԻת
ڿеӣǾҵҪԶԶ´һڣҪվãһҪվһµƣվλø޹ԣûģžʮѵһеġ˵ҶС¶һħһ΢Ц
ѵȴ󷨣ǹΪ򵥵󷨣׶ս󣬽뽫գòȻٺ٣󷨸֣ƬؼѹʱǻоԼǱɽһء
һӣƫվҶС罫ĿͶ˵һӡ
վ˳ҶСһ߽Ϊ˽󷨣һʾ
ǽ˵һǰǸ˷ӳΪһ׶ˣĻӳʵ൱ǸʵҲ˵˺һֲޱȡ
ʮӺҶСЩƫһѵ
͵˵϶Ҫﵽһľ磬󣬾ͳһѵܹǿսϵͳԵѵѾڸЩƫܹ뿪ˡ
ģҶˣܲ彵ٺ󣬱סԼȡʤҪĳ̶ˣʮʱһһһСӱСӵԱӳӳƫõͣҸ˳似ǣһӱֺܲôԲˣվԴ˵ԼУһ˵ԼеĻٺ١شﶼܣѵʼҶСһ˵
ƫиӳӳһж¶˷֮ɫ˭úѵõ似߹
ҶСܹóֵ似Ƕһ޶ģжڴûһү˵ԼУܶŮߣǣϾӾӶ࣬ŮӲռ֮һѡ
ǶѵҶСһʱʧƬյ档
վںƺգҶСչԲǧ๫ķΧԺг֣ܱսŶУеսѵЩˣЩսѵԱȽֻΪɡ
һȪСͻȻ䣬ϸ΢
ҶСһ˲ҵλãʱʡڴԺһһķС
γӰķС
ôˣҶСɻĿʵ
ղſһ̵ܶĻ飬Щ߻ͳһSʡÿһȼߵϸԺÿһSʡ߶ҪеǼǣרŵԱЩΪ˷ֹԺֻ֪һЩУǶȪһɣ˵
õġҶС˵ͷмŮĸİȫˣĵ˿˻ˣֻУѧԱ飬зＸ־ͿԸ㶨ˡ
ǿỹʲô飿ҶСʵ
ûʲô£˵һ¹⣬ڸʡݶĿƶϸʥ˾صĸ֣һӾܹе鿴һ飬ÿ춼Ҫ鿴üΣʲô鲻֪Ļ˵ʱСĵ㡣˵
ţ֪ˡҶС˵ͷ
˵һ仰ҶС۳ɵӰʧˣƮɢա
ϣվյҶСʮ˷һǶصһ
ʮʹΪﵽʥأƿظĪ⣬ɱΣǵΪܹԽս
ʮһһǿʮ⣬̣ľ۹ļˣǶԿĺð֡
ҶС׼Ū϶ʮ˵ϣȥǶŪС
һرɫƱãȥսĺð֣Ҫֵġ
ڷļˣ滻ų֣һԼʵ
ϽɻȥˣҪǽԺשǽ۰


1497 
ҶСһȪЩ߰칫ĵط۳һΪʮʹߺ̡д˶ʮݵϣҲ˵߶˶ʮˡ
˳γһЩĹȻҪأϾΪδ
һкҶСÿʱһ󷨣ݶϵ󷨻ҪһЩʱȥɣҪץһʱ䡣
С»ûҶСͲΪˡ
βʮʹߵİٶȼ죬һֱʮӣ˶ʮ󷨡
ҹʮʱҶСֹͣ˲󷨣Ӱһͳ÷ƬС
ʱݱѵһܣеƣ۾Ϊǳǻ۵Ĺԡ
ҶС翴˿ÿһСӶ˿ѵԵģ໥Ӱ죬ƫ͸ѲԼСӣʲô淶ָ
εѵϺ⣬һѵҶСҲûָܹѵľ硣
ҶС֣ʮƫͶʮϽҶСǰĽһս
ڶҶСǴһʼǻ򵥵жǾһѵܹĸ˵Ĺ֪жôֲЩ˽ϳһСٴʩչʱĹΪˣĿǰǻûгŽʮӵ˶Ǿˡ
ѵĲСӶӳɵõķӳĳɶһҶС˵ͷ֮ɫ
ĳɣһƫС˵ƺе𾪣е㲻
ѾˣʱգھսܹӳʮɵҶСЦЦ˵
һսʮƫͶʮͬ˵
ҶС˵ͷ˫ĿɨЩѵĶ飬ȵϡ
һе˶ҶС
ಡϽɱ˹Щƫ͸Ͻƶ塣
վ֮žվλüΪйɣڵλȦˣ˶һӸ߿տʮӵˣγһ޴ļ׶ͼΣһ֮
ٶȲӣûдﵽһѸվٶȣҪվĶѵһܣһҪסһ󷨣ԺվĶҲΣеƶбóϣǼסҶС翴˵
˶٣˵һѵشѾ˳ɹ˰ɣ𣿡
⡣ÿһ˵϶һ˿˷ܣѵĽ쳣⣬ĹʵǴһ
˵ĻشЩƫ͸һɬ֪ҶСһ˵⣬ȻҶС
⣿Ҳ⣬Ϊǲûȫӳ󷨵ʲôʱ򷢻ӳ󷨵ĻʲôʱŻ⣬һΪ򵥵󷨣彵֮ǰһǴڼ󷨣ΪܹսлҶСҲһ˿Ϊ֪ѵѧϰЩΪ˱Լ˭Լ¡
ҶСĻ˵ȼ˷ܻ·ǱһͰˮһʱ䶼ͷһ֮ɫ
Ȼûзӳ󷨵ʵǽѵһ⣬ϣÿ춼ܹô̿ѵȴ彵ٺ󣬾һĥһܹ磬ŷɥŴҶ뿴һĻҫ˴УǾӢۣӢۣǧȻ˼ǣûڹʷУǺεȵѪڡҶСһΰͼ
ʱÿ˵жŹâѪҺٶȶӿ˺ܶ࣬·˵ĶǸ蹦̵¡
ҪˣҪõЩҪϵѵӵһӵһСӿʼõ״̬չֳҶС˵㻰ѵõģһصĽģͬ˵ǰ˵ԼСҶС翴˵
˵ҡվڸ߿գ
һӵһСӿʼСеĶӳ˵
£һӵһСǰһ벽߳һ֮ԶһӴƳƬռ·Ҫˡ
һһ𣬻Բûһ˿覴ãͷ·һ˷ġ
ӳһǸС˵ľһͬʱûһǹݺݴ̳


1498 ʽ
ȡӳһȳС˶һлûĳǹڴ̳һ˲䣬۳һɣһ˾޴ޱȵĳǹӰСе֣·ǳ˳ǹһ֡
ޱȵǹ⣬գ˻𶯣һʮɵĹâųƳգᴩء
䡭һ˻˵ĶĤǿˮξ
貵Ĺâҹգһ̼䣬е˶ҫ۵ĹâҺҶС̻ķıȽϽʵҪȻʮöĿ»ȫѡ
һĻҶСĿ΢΢һһʥظһҶСҲ˱ܡ
󷨵ǿȻ֪󷨵ۺ󣬹ᷭ౶ȴû뵽Ȼ˾ˡ
ǹʽӳٴδһеĳǹ߾٣â죬·һĳǹӰγɣ˵ޡ
˵Ķͳһݺ£رɫǹӰûˮˣˮΪܲסǹɾȻһƬŨ
䡭ϳһʮɵĺ߶ʮߵˮǽͷ·콵˽ѡ
һĻҶС簵ͷĲս󱬷Ŀֲһơ
ȻϿе裬ЩطǽǾ˵ģҪ֪һʱ䰡
еСӶÿһСĶܳɹ˵ǵѵɹѾԤơ
еСúվڸԵλãһѵǾʮ㣬ɢҵϢˣһĳɹ
˶ĿͶҶС磬ҶСۣǾԼıѾˣȻһ֪ҶСˡ
Щϵб仯ӲҶСУ˫Ŀһɨе˶һۣ˵εǳѾҵԤϡ
˵꣬ҶСºһЦ¶֮ɫ
໡ҶСĻ˶һ˷֣·˵ļ
ǽͷŵĲˣҶС̧֣ʾͣ¡
һƬʱҶС絭˵ȻҶε⣬Ƕǵļɺܲ⣬Ǻ𣿡
ҵ飬ҲܹףǽһΣһΣǾԻܵصĳͷҶС˵
΢΢ͷҶСŻ˾̫ϸˣĴ治ҲںսУǷ˳ֻҪͱҵָӣȻЩ뿪սŵˣҲǺùһὫֹ˶֪Ǹų򣬻ûк忪ս˶飬ˣһú˼סġ
˵ӳ˳飬̫ˣôһ˭ȥȻһǲ뿪ģϾҶС̻ǺܶණǸоԼʵ˺ܶ࣬ǾȻۣȴܳʵ
ֻҪǺúǲģųͿǵѡˡҶС˵
ͣһҶС絭һЦ˵һ㣬ΪؼʱˣսͳǹǾ䣬ܹӳ󷨵Ȼ˾ǹǵսһΡ
һŹǹ似ʽ˼飬ǹһоʽһʽһʽǿ󣬴˼µľ磬һǹ̳֮⣬ܹһɽݻ١
ʱսһЩ˵ɫ˱䣬һȻ˵һ似˵Ǵ˵еһ콾ǹ콾ƾһǹݺ˷ɽӣɾһѹһ
˻Ϊⲻ˵е飬ҶС뵽ѵģ
Ҳ֪ûǹΪһ飬ΪֻܹǰʽʽӲǸǰʽҶС翴˿˵
ˣһʽ޵СҶСͽȻһ䣬·һλĽһѪж֮һ̼䣬·еΨһ
ƾһգһ˽ɫǹ۶ɣڳǹ۶ɵ˲䣬ҶСǰ̤һͬʱǹǰ̳·ûκμɿԣϸĿĻͻᷢǹ΢΢ĳɻβ
ǿľ·Ҫն͸Ȼ˲ǴڳǹĶ棬ȻܵԼ·𱻺ݺݵĴһ¡
ҶСʹһǹǼ¶һ˿ǵȻܵһеĲһ˵ľȫһ˳ǹ֮ϣ˶·𻯳˳ǹһ֡


1499 鳼Ӻܲ
ҶСǹһź˵ơ
âһ㡣ҶСٴδһûĳǹ趯ΧӿȣͺǷһ㣬ȫӿҶСΪý鴫ȫǹ֮ϡ
ʱ䣬ƹһСųǹǰһĵطϸϸźǹһ
ҶСǰ̤һǹݺݴ̳Ȼ䣬ɲǼͳʮ֮ա
䡭űѣֲӣըںڰҹγһĢƣΪǿĺ˶𾪡
Ӱ֡ҶСûֹͣǹһһǹƣǹ˲䣬˫趯ǹһ㣬ֱۣͬתɡ
Ӷǹʱؼ䣬޾ۣȻγѳǹЩǹҶСӶһģһֲ٣ȥ·ģͬǼٵģѱ档
ǹӰһ֣ÿ˶оǸ˳ǹƶӰȥ㡣
趯ƺҶСǹ󣬳ǹ黯ʧؼʣͬӿ
оôܹǵ𣿡ҶСĿһɨ˵
ܣ似
ǼУ似Ҳ䱦
ǵսȻ
ǿ֮ɫ۷׷ף似
似Ϊ˵ĹֻͬȴǵһʽǱֺõĻٴڶʽҶС絭һЦ˵
ҶСĻ˶Ŀⲻͬˣл˻Ƕг޵˾ҶС綼˳˺ܶࡣ
ȽʽһʽڸǡҶС˵һ䣬ʮιâ˲ʮƫüģУǹļɵȵȡ
һ󣬸˶ȥҶС翴ʮƫ˵
ǣսʮ˹ĵ˵ͷ
һּΪõСӴһսʱܣǻ֪ģղԼ֪ΪһСӵıΪ㣬˵滰ҶС翴Χʵ
ڶӣСӡܶ˶˵һƲӣлЩĽȻǺ˵ԼĶֵΪ㣬ǣǲܹԼġ
似˭õӸղҶС紫ڵ似ҶСܹóɲ϶似˱ܲ͸¶붼ǸΪǿ似ˡ
ȷʵǵڶӵСӵıΪ㡣ҶС˵ͷοһЦ漴ĿһڶӣСжԱվ
ڶӣСӵ˶վ˳ҶСΪԴ似ȻҲΪƫ͸似
лսҶС紫Щ˷ܵĹâм˵
ÿǶǵĽԺŬһὫ似ջأһ㣬似ܹڸκˣҲջءҶС˵
ǡ
Сӵ˶һĽĿһСеˣŵʲô似
òĽ´ǱֺõĻҲǽġҶС翴˿ǣȻ󻰷һתղ˱õһСӣ˵˵Сӡ
ҶС绰˵ڶӣСӵ⣬˶ΨҶС˵Сӵ֡
ҶСĿһɨÿһСӵ϶һۣĿͶǸСӵʱĸСежῩһ¡
СǡûУǶֵĲûСӣϣԺ֡ҶСϴһ˿΢Ц
˶һ漴ϱ˷֮ɫ
׼Ǵһ󷨣ϸ룬ǾȲǴѵսǻܹٸǴ󷨡ҶС˵
ҶСĻ˶ͬкѧ󷨣ǣһսǶûȫգѧϰ󷨵Ļе󷨶ѧͨ
ҶС˵һѵֿʼˣƫʽĵһʽһһˡ
ʽսΪģܹӳսΪǿ󣬸һʽսһ㡣
ҶСƬ̾뿪ˣļƻ滮ãִеĲ־ҪЩƫˣҲֵɡ
׼ڽʣʮʱǴĸ󷨣ֻҪܹЩգܹ赲סһ幥ȻǶԷʵǿޱȣ赲ס
Щǿ߹ĻڵǿҲή٣ɢ˿Ǹ֣ΧǿҲϹæԿ塣


1500 ս
ʱһȥ彵ٵԽԽһսƴѵ£Ƕ֪ŬѵĻܹ赲סĹ
ÿ˶ԼصķʽѵЩ֣һЩսУи뿪룬ԶԣֻҶСսȶû˸뿪ȻҲԸ뿪
ҶС鳼Ӻܲ£϶ҶСĻܷӣżҡ¼Щжûʲô˼ˣҶС粻Ƹ˳ޣǴ似оȻ΢΢ĸжпܣǻҶСǼͽ⡣
һʱҶСѾսŴĸ󷨣ѵļΪ̿࣬ÿ󣬾͵䣬ٴѵȻЧҲǷǳԵġ
սеÿ˶˷츲صı仯ܣǰȣֱǽȻͬˣˣǵΪҲ˺ܶ࣬Ϣͬɽһ֧
ĸ󷨣ǻܹӳΪ޴Ѿ㹻ˣϾѵʱ̫ˡ
һǰĻͲôˣŵʱԿĻѵĶһΪһ
ҶСÿһθһƻȥһݶϵˡ
˶Ϊ˶Կ壬ڸʡеЩ˽дľû˸˽ס
ֻҪڼ䣬Ȩı˽˶Щִնɱˣͨϡ
֮ôЩ飬һΪһЩմȨˣΪ£ģ˶һһһеµġ
йļΪϸ񣬽ʱҪǼǣҪȻ͵ű˸ٰɣȻЩ鱨ԱսڲԱ⡣
Ѿ彵ٵһˣ˵ˣǳΪߵƽжܽţÿ˶
滷Уĳ˶Էˣ˰ˣ̺ʥûϣռڽɽ崦Ӣȹղˡ
ܣĻһʮˣÿһѵӦĽ١
ȪУϰٹĺϣֲϣˮӿ֮ƾɢ׵粻Ͻ䣬Ǻƴͬĩս٣ǻס
ãã棬ҶСƳ죬վգ·һƬյףǰĿռУʮɫͬСƯÿһС춼̻ɵܼģйâתлС㣬ЩС㣬гɸͼΡ
ЩСбõ죬ָ´Щаһ֧ս˵ľӡǣӽܵΪѸ٣ҲܹܿķӦ
󡣡ҶСһ˫лϱ任һʮͬɫΪ飬ֱλĸλһ飬λĸλϿգ·ѹĸλ
仯ͬʱҶСǰ⣬һսѸٱ任ٶȼ죬˶е㷴Ӧһӷֳ֣Ĳһģһ
䡭
Ĺɿֲƴĸӿֲ£ճһɫӵΰǻء
ডһϷĶϿջܣһֻȫȸγɣչգ޾ȼգƬշ·ܹڻ
ˡһ֧飬Ͽ£γһĺ򣬷·һƬգϺˮ˵ı棬һֻ·СɽһСƬõĺǹϲ··ع·ĺۼһɾԶĲɣ֮ӿ˸о·ǻصʱ
𡭡һؼ𣬿ռĶϿһֻɢŽɫâİ׻գ޾ɱ¾֮Χеĺƣͬ޾ԩꡣ
ĸϣֻóľͬʱֵģǺһȫۼһ𣬱˴βںϳһɿµ
һȫ£ӵյ֧УֻϵΧһսÿ˵Ϊң̺һؼ
ʱҶС˫ٴλãвϴ󣬷·γĹ켣ƶֳɵʱ仯вϴ壬ӿ£Щϵƶÿ˱ǿޱȡ
ֻҪҶСһ£Щܹʥǿһ


1501 ս2
ҶСָ죬Ҳڲϱãһ鶼һӰһֻֻһ㡣
ѵһҶСм仮ӡȻһ䣬С
ҶСȳһֱ۷·ΪֱۣÿһֱۻĹ켣ȻͬӿӵʮУ촦һƽڣԷֿ
ʮƫ͸Ĵ¸Էֿ·ʮһؼζ
໥֮䣬ɫɫɫǳɫɫֹâÿһ嶼۳һɫ
ʮγڲⲿ˵Ķ飬ʮж䣬÷Ʊɫͬ裬Ͼӿ˹
ЩȻ쾳ǿߣĴ£ǶԾǰУͬһÿһϹâã
һƬҵķտ˵ĹˮʮɶߵˮǽγΣͬһֻֻޡ
һƬܣҶС粼ѾˣΧЩѵսҲЩһеĸ֡
Ű̶̼գȻܹѵһ֧ôǿĶ
˧ţںսУҪŹˡ
ƣĪ⣬ηսܹƹĻ˵ʵ
Բӣսǽ˧оģͬĽ˧ӵвͬѵʶֶָҲͬһ˧첻ѵĶ飬Ͳܹʹۣ֮Ӳһʵ
ΧڶֶۣЩսҶСƣһ˺ģӴѵȣôѵҲҶСһսŵ
ھ֮ϺƵһֻкУƣѪڡ
תϡս󼸸кҶСһ˫ֻʮŲвת󣬻ĺۼ̺ϵİ
νָ졢ءϡҲһռ䣬һ˼ܹУŷϵΰȻնɱ
Ҳָʮķ꣬仯Ҳ͸ű仯
սתΪսʱֳ飬ϱˣ͵ظһˣγơ
ոתΪ޾һƬسһЩعŤÿռ䷢˸ı䣬Ǹ龰ֻܹ̺ܵΰĿֲںƵ
󷨣ӲҶСΪսҪеȫգһһսУһ˿ĲҲԸıս֡
սսս󡢻սǻս󣬿˵ԺЩ͸󷨵Ļ
Ȼֻ⣬ս󡢰˻ս󣬾Źսʮս󣬽ֻսͨ󣬲ܹѵսиӵսһԪս
󷨣ǰ󷨶˽ȥ˵ѾǸ󷨵ļˡ
Ҫʮȫͨѵԣ뾭ѪҺϴսµɱֻսвܹ״̬
ʮûȫҶСԲǴӵ󷨡
սѵ˶ʮӵʱ䣬ŽˣҶС罫ս˴ָС
˶սվþãؼϺˮƽ
󷨶ҶС罫¹滮ѵЩƫѵģÿһѵ죬ѵҶСʽѵǣϵͳѵ
ҶСѵһʱÿս֮תʱһƬңΪЦǾȻײ󣬲ҶС缸ѵ飬ʮ㣬ת֮伫ΪѸ٣Ȼ覴ãǰ֪˶ٱ
ҶСϸĿ˿ÿһˣѵȻ˺ܶ࣬Ǿʮ㣬ǴӢۣŮӽüӢˬ
ڸоΣҶСЦʵ
ãܺãǳáһƬջصԲǧڵĿռ䶼𶯣Ȫеȸʮжһ
һǸĪϣԿϣ
·ǲҶСһս֮˷ѹƣһʱ䣬ĺӰ˷춯
Ѫڡ
ԴˣҶС絭һЦ
ǵûоѵʱҼǵõվķǳɢңǼվ鶼ܹһӣһӾ͸㶨ˣ仯󰡣Ϊڵǿ󣬻ǰ
ڡͬ˵
Ȼڣǿ¶û뵽Լϵı仯ɣҶСϴЦʵ
˶Щ˼Ц֮ǰǶо׻ϰǧ꣬Ȼֻж̶̵ʮ죬ǿ̹ģΪǵⷢ˷츲صı仯


1502 彵
һӣҶСɫһ䣬Ȼǵʵǿ˺ܶ࣬岢ǳڴսУս飬ǸͲܱȣԣһҪӳԼٷ֮ٵľʵܹġ
ˣҲˣϢʱ䣬ҿȥһ£ȥй䣬öSʡڣΪ˷ڼ䣬׼ʱϣصҰܰ忴˿˵һʧˡ
ҶС뿪˺˳һಡ׷Զȥ˸УʮѵģǸое㵥ڲԷθһ㲻
ʱ䣬׼ıһ١
һ򣬷չѸ٣뵣ѳ״·˾סĺɵ
ҶС罵£һɨŮæµԼ飬ǶΪֵһϵĹȵΡ
˿Ů󣬷һжãҶС罵˵ݶȵϣʼ
ʱܿȥתۼѾӣһʱ䣬ҶС粼󷨣һɨĵʮս˶ѾսվĵȺĵ
ҶСɲǶǰǾԵøΪоҶСֿʼ
ٴںо
ҹӨӨ¹ã֪ʱһƬƮҹе··һɴ
ؼͻȻ侲ܺ죬ȻоƽһּΪĸо־꣬Ǳǰ
ʱ˶ܹо־־˶ʮӵʱ˵˼ֽ꣬Īѹ֡
˵ľ񶼺ܲУҶС粻òͣҲһ˵Ĳ
ϣҶСΪף˳սվĵȴš
ʱ򣬲ʲôطļڲĺекĺȵȶھʧĲζҲ֪ΪҪ
֮ƽϯ½еܵӰ죬˶֪Ҫˣһ뵽彵٣ж˼ֳأ˭֪Ĳ̿£һЩͨ˲Ծˮ·Ϊ
һսôرȻĿģཨҪһˡ
֮ϵķǺ˲֪Ѿʧˣնʱī·رɫ
ǡͻȻ䣬ؼ䣬һ΢𣬷·ĳּһ㣬عѣе˶һ
һʱ˵඼Ϊ֮ݺһ֣Ҫˡ
䣡
ǵϸ΢֮ؾ𶯣һɳ˹ϵĳڷǾ¹ӷǴ
𵴣ÿһռ䶼ںݺݵĲһ̼䣬ʥ߶ʧȥյͺعͻȻıһ㡣
ÿһط𶯣֮·ǻ֮˳ޱȣӿŻڸ߿գΪصĸֶ˺ѳƬ·Ƿŭޡ
ʱȫܶطķɻʧ£񱩵ȫȫȻ
ꡭ֮ϣƾ£һںڰߣǴ۵Ĺâڵҹڰ֮䲻Ͻ档
䣡
߿кܶطһѿڣӿˮԴͷһ㣬ؼŨˣһĻƽʢ
ռ죬½ϵкڲϵ죬һӱ˺ܶ࣬ϵĹָˣɽˡ
仯Ĳععĳ̶޸ܶʥ۷ĸѾܵͨα񾳽һ㱡Ĥǰʱ򣬸Ǹ͸ܲع仯ĺô
ع仯ǻᱻԶʥֱΪһg
䣡
һڲ죬̫ƽ󡢴ϼ½ӡ󡢱Ƭ½زһ£Ȼ£ǴԽʱնźƴơ
һɹɿֲѹ巽صĿռһڵѷγɡ
ǡƬƬռ䱻½µΰȫˣ漴ֱع޸ռ޸вϽ档
ĲµĴ½ԽԽӽԽԽվһƬռ丽¶ܹһһľ
ꡭʮӵʱ崦½Ŀռ䶼һ֮ѷ죬һѷһ֣ʱһѷΪɣϸСѷһѷӡ
ͺһɫĺʡ
¡¡
𶯣һȻӺɫѷд͸Ƭ½һͬʱڵ


1503 شޱ
ѪӰ塢ħ塢ľ塢塢巽½ոմռ併٣һɳĵĹֱ֮ӿ˽һϢبšԶѪȡױ
һϢĳ֣ر仯ǼӾˣǷкع˿һֿʽɣ֯һΪķת䡣
½ػǺ죬̶һ䣬Ȼһ
ͨ󷨵ҶСܹĸܵؼƣоһ󷨺ظΪˣ󷨵˺ܶࡣ
ѧ󷨶붼ؾޱǰǰģѾıвôʣػָˣ󷨵ȫȻչ˳
ʱȻع˺ܶ࣬ضǵҲ˺ܶ࣬ռѹ˺ܶ࣬ٶһ࣬ڲš
䣡
ռȻڲţ巽½ٵٶԽԽ죬߶ڹעһĻ
ʮӵʱ󣬷·ս巽½״˺ѿѷд£źƺơ
಻֪мǧ֮ԶǣҶСȻܹ̫ܵƽϿƬ½ǿѹ
䣡
巽½ͬʱȵĽʲôطأʲôطĺˮݺݵһ£ͺ򶼿Ҫըˡ
վںϵҶС˵ҲĻζһ¡
ͻȻ䣬ҶСɫһ䣬˫Ŀըâá
ֻصľͷһߴʮİӿ۳˺ˮǽĺˣʿ϶̫ƽϿһ½ʱġ
ҶСһǰ߳һ˺󱳣Ҳһǿֲˮǽ
ϡҶС綢ƺƴˮǽһʮ㣬һ˿ĳء
ಡҶСһӣӰɲǼվˣվҶС󣬰ڳɻսսһԿֲˮǽ
Ȼˮǽûдﵽ̺ϵȻޱȿֲģӾѹѹ
ˮǽѾһķΧʱҶС߾֣һ޵С
Ĵȣ£лûһǹ
޵Сһжûһǹ
̡ҶСĴ£ǰ̤һеĳǹݺݵĴ̳е£˹
ҶСĴ̳һ޴ǹӰһҶСΪǹ⡣
һɵĹâų·һŭһˮǽȥ
䡭
ֲĹâӿ˹ȥˮǽײһ𣬱˿µˮǽ˲䱻ɢǣȻϺˮӿ
ҪЩˮӿغгжᱻɢ
һ̼ʱغطս赲
һûнˮǽȫɢҶС˫Ŀһٴδһһ㡣
ҶСȳʱ˵Ķͳһȫһ£趯һ£ٴδ̳
޴ޱȵġ۳ɵĳǹâãǰ˳һֱԼΪһ׵ĴԲǿµĻԹâ
ԶԶȥһֻһŴӡ
һŴȻʧ·ǴԽ˿ռ䣬ˮǽǰΡ
䡭
·ĢһĹâսǰӿȥźƺƵˮǽͱƽˣغסˡ
ҶСʶչսҲŬֲˮǽԿӣѾռϷ磬ò˶ãˮǽͻȫƽ
ЩҶСصһղЩӿĻغʥǿ⣬ƽ񶼻еĽҲᱻݻ١
½׽ˣռ˱仯оΪƽˣ·Ǳ˴ǣںϡ
عѾı䵽״̬½غͺѾˣʱҲ˵Ǹողǰı
ռеѹȻҲԭıҲıӺһ㣬ض˵ǰİ˱ǰͨ˵ʣ¸վܹǴѹѹ
߷еٶȽ˱
صЩıǶߵƣԷֹߴģսصĻ
бŨʲôطǶ츣أΪʺ
Ĵޱ䣬شޱ䣬ҶС綼оִϢȡ֮ĵĹΣķ֮
彵ˣһµʱˣ治֪ƬشʲôҶС̾һ˵
սôͽˣУʵƺһ˿ڴһ˿Ľš
ţˣԺɲôˣҪԵսɱ¾ֹսɱ¾ֱѪҺǵѪȾⷽغⷽ򡣡ҶСĿᶨ̫ƽϵһ½սϡ


1504 ħѻ
ҶСĻʮս˵˫Ŀ¶һĨᶨ֮ɫսϣ·ҪһɱһǬɱһƽʢ
ʱÿһ˶ĵȴ彵٣ؼһƬɱ֮ȻûսѾս¡¡ɱĳ
巽½ؼָƽ㷱Ǻ¶ںڰҹ˳ǳ¶ǳҫۣ·ӭʱĵ
ǹ㣬»գһƬ͵ӣǣûһ˷ȫϾ彵ٵĵһ죬˭֪ʲô鷢
һսأֹ롣
ƥ𣬲˵ˣеΪͨ˶ǴبŲϢĴ½һʱ׼ֵӡ
ҶСվڶǰ棬λ̫ƽһ½ǺħĴ½
ౡһʱʱ䣬ͻأ䣬һ̶Ľһȴһ˿Իױԡ
һƬƮڵס˺ڰĻķǣڰΪһ塣
һƬƣҶСɫһ䣬ɴ۾̲סһưһֻֻչһ֮ĺɫѻЩɫѻ˫ĿУž⣬ǻۣÿһֻѻ쾳Ϊ
ֻ޴ĺɫѻֲ˾㤣û赲Щ޴ĺɫѻ룬һоܹһ˲䱻ƻе鶼
ȻħѻҶС羪ȵ˵һ
˶ɻĿҶС磬룺ѵЩ;޴ĺɫνħѻɣ
ħѻǺħ½ͲޣȻʵǿǼΪŽᣬÿһγֶ֮ϣһһֻħѻնɱˣȫƴҲᱨȫ֮⣬˵ħѻŽᾫҲΪ
ܵѪӰ죬ΪߵֻܹﵽأֻܹһֻڣҪȻǳɳܹκɫħѻ졢צӶǼ֮ͬУܹǵţǵϲ۾צϲץֻ࣬ħѻģΪܹӿһħ棬ӵԽսˮƽҪСĵ㡣
ҶС粻䷳Ľйħѻ˵
ҶСĻǶУͬʱе棬ҶСô֪Щġ
ע⣬ˡҶС˫Ŀһɱ⣬ѵ
һͦȻվվ֮ľȫһ£ʮѵĽ
ĿȥضŷЩħѻϸȥǲһħѻӣÿһӶֻ
һξǾͷ˿һħѻҶСĶӣǱߺϱߵķжȥ
ౡǾҶСЩϵѪȽʢǵ¶˷ܵĹâ·ǽҶС˵
ҶСЦһһվգ΢΢üصı仯е㲻ϰߣշиоǺ硣
ҶСû׼֣ЩħѻܹһˣԡѪУһһսľ
ҶСҲûж죬ЩħѻûǸʸһսҪǽ˵ĻǸЩѵͰ׷ˡ
̡ҶСһ£ʮսŵжûһ˳ǹ
ȡһ˵ľһȦȦƵЩжħѻ𣬲ȻˣҶС
ǲߣԽҶС˫Ŀž˵
ʱ˳ǹǰ̤һеĳǹͬʱǰ̳ɲǼ䣬ӿ˹һ۶ɳǹųȺħѻȥ
䡭
һɡͬһϸĹâӿٶȼ죬·ǴԽ˿ռ䣬ɲǼѾȺħѻǰ
ౡΣգȺħѻһһ߶ܶȥ޶ΣյһֱܷӦȻǳˡ
ֲۡĹâʱȺħѻγɵĺƴм䶴ںɫѪҺ£ЩʬҲ׷׶䡣
ףҶС˫Ŀâг˾֮ɫղЩħѻʱкܶྦྷ
һץһɿֲһӾͳʮöָ׸ǴСľ壬ЩкƣΪ졣
ѵ޾ҶС
ౡһ֮һȺħѻʧǧֻȺħļǼ˵ĶĤ𵴲ѡ
һֻֻϺƣŷ֮ɫ


1505 徯
ÿһֻħѻ϶кɢеĺһ𣬽ħѻ֣ͿħѻΣһźһ㣬ֺƻŸϢĹЧϸ鿴ĻԲ鿴
ౡЩħѻĳ·ͳһʲôʱһٶСĺɫӺӿ˳ȥ
ֺɫĻһħԣ·ܹӰ쵽˵˼άΧ·ȼΧ΢΢
ûнӵҶСʮսŵ˼򵥵ǰֲ̳γɣ·ޱӴļһ˹ȥ
ǧ˵ֲޱȣƾһħ½ͼħѻ޷赲
û˿ɫһӾͱˣΪһƮɢؼ䣬һâǰУɢ˺ƣںɫѪҺɽħѻʬãã档
ҶС翴е޾Ĺԣ·Ҫ޾ڵĺɫϢʲô
˰죬ҶСҲ֪ʲôӿԴݿ֮ƽö޾Уһת޾ڵĺɫͱҶСȡ˳սڡ
ҶСϸĲ鿴һһɺа塢бһ˿˿ĻϢƺȺħ֮ɢĺҪһ˿
Щ޾߸Ͳܹģգֻܹһ㣬ԶԼľ񡣡ҶС
ûнܵҶСʮսŵ˲ϵظŸղŵĶûκεĻɣǰϴ̳һ̺ſֲĹâӿÿһγһƬħѻ
ЩħѻΪҲأҶСѵЩ˵Ķ֡
ι֮£Щħѻʣ²һֻ֪ҶС˵Ķ֣Ȼǰ̣ҶС˳ȥǷɶ˻һ㣬֪ǰΣգΪеִţֵľȻ˹
䡭һֲĹâųɫë׷ףںɫѪҺ£ʬ৵¡
ڰֻʣһֻħѻ
ౡħѻ·ΪЩȥħѻˣͷԼǲ־
ɼΣϧֻһñͨĻܹúħ½кܶͷֻۡµħѻҶС΢΢һ̾˵һεĹâһֻħѻɲǼ仯ΪΣȫɢˡ
ս˲һӵʱͽˣֻħѻȫɥҶСһսսģսŻƻնɱЩħѻ
սվȻԭĶΣҶС翴˿£лһâ˸ղħѻʬĺˮС
ಣ޾Ӻˮг˳ȫƯգҶСһ֣Щ޾ͽɢ˿ǰ
ÿö޾ŰɣЩ޾ܹԼ־;̶ȡҶС˵
ҶСĻһϲ޾ץУȻվ·ڵȴҶСһ㡣
ոս٣˭Ҳ֪ǻôܹи
ʱ󻶺·ʲô˵һ㡣
ҶСȥֻĸսŻΪȫħѻˣһЦ΢΢ҡҡͷ룺һȺ͵ȵħѻʲôûġ
սţҶСսɵܶ࣬ҶСħѻĽܺ󣬾͸Щħѻʵ΢սʤǸ㲻ʲô
ħ½ħѻپûʲôƬ½һƬ
ҶСУһЩ֮źħ½ķжȥǶ˵ɳѲ鱨ġ
֮⣬һɺƴɨ˹Ƕеʥ˾ǿߡ
ⶼΪ˷ֹħ֣ڲЩǿ߶غ
ߡͻȻ䣬һصӺħ½ϴͬƽдȦȦ
ҽ˾Ϳһڵںڰҹз˹
ҶСĿϸȥЩ˶Ѿˣ걻һɢˣЩ˶ʥأʥΪǿߡ
һĻҶСһ̫ˣȻƾһܹЩǿߵ飬֪ԷΪֿµĵز
ҶС֪붼һξ棬࿿ħ½
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫Ŀһ⻪漴ɫ߳۵Ӱÿ϶пµϢʥظ֣⣬ʥ۷ǿߣЩSʡĸ֡
ǵһҶСսŵˣ󣬽£վҶСߣվĸ߶ȱҶС߳һߵľ룬·Ԥʾһȡ


1506 ۸ñ
ҶС磬ûзʲôһ˫ֱ󣬾ӸµĿҶС磬ƺһҶСµζ
ɫ߽ۣһɹһֵȨ֮
ûСҶСϧֻ˵֣˺֮ĽԳԱʲô̬ȣҲʲô̬ȶԴ㡣
ӣҶС缫Ϊˬ˸ôᣬ֮䱾ƽ໥໥Լ˭˭˾⣬Ȼ˴ϵ
彵٣Ҫȫ֣ˣ˵ҲҪ֣ĶɱģЩ˾ܹȫ¡
ʲô̬ȡ˫ĿкһҶС˵
˾ߣҾɣ˭ʲô̬ȶңҲͻʲô̬ȶ˭ҶС絭˵
㡭ˣSʡĹߣҿΪΪǲҪڣҪࣿʵһɫ̬
ĻҶСɫһ䣬ʮսŵɫ˱䣬Ŀⶼһ˿ĵ⡣
Ϊ˶Կ壬ѵֻж̶ʮʱ䣬ǣѵ಻ԶھȻ˵ҶСǱڣ࣬ҶСǵսһ˵Ǳࣿ
жôŽЩСڣſĶ֪Լʲô
ôһñӣ𣿱һսǶǷڣ֮˵ͬһˣҪǣǿԽȨ˰ɣԼУǹܡҶС˵
˫Ŀâų·˵һɿµƱųҶСӿΪѾʥ۷壬ƿֲޱȡ
ǿѹҶС磬ҪҶСһǰӡ
ҶСЦһǰ̤һͬʱǰ̤һ
䡭
һֲƱųʧɫ޹⣬һ˲ںһ𣬾ķƶ
ƺһƬγһɿµƣҶСΪ㣬ѹȥ
ˡµ£ɫһ䣬εˣÿ̤һռ䶼ںݺݵ𶯣ͬĵĳϣȦȦɢ
㡭ɫһһ죬оԼ·ܵĪ裬ѹһҶС磬û뵽ҶСˡ
ͬڣˣ߰ɣʱһʥ۷ĸȰ˵ҲҶСսղǹƱ˸赲ס
ˣ˶һ֮ɫǼɵĹâ
ҵ黹ֲܡݺݵһۣȻĿͶҶС磬һ֮ɫ
˵Ǹͷû뵽ȻˣһҪúýѵһ٣֪ʲôܹʲô˲ܹ
˵ţһ죬Ƶſµƣ۳һС˳ǧ򱶵СɽһСɽ̺ŻԵ
һҶСݺµϢɢ䣬д¡¡Ȼûеƾ⡣
ԷһƣҶСɫǽѵȡ
¡ҶС׼ֵʱһޱȵ֣̺⣬˵궼Ϊ֮
ţһ⻪֣һϸϸĹһ㣬˲ǰݺݵײ˹ȥ
䡭»֮˲ɢĹײ֮ϡ
ۡһѪһ֮ɫݺݵ˳ȥռ䶼ڲ
Ӱ֣°ɫȹϢǸ߸ϵӣһ̼䣬֮ϵ¶ûҫۡ
ûɳȥ꣬ĿͶˣһԲĿ䣬ӳ£ж˾¡
̫ϳϣҲΪ룬뿴ôͻȻû˶û˼һ˸Ͻ͵
þãſ˵ܺԼ飬ĹһΣǶԷʥ˾ǿ֣߳ǾͲҪսǲȥһᱨȥȥɣ
ǣ̫ϳϡЩ˹˵һʧˡ
˴֪ɳȥ˶Զ뿪ҶС˵Ժ󲻻ᷢˣŬԿ壬ʵµ֣Ի֣ˡ
˵һ䣬Ӱģ黯ʧƬУһ𣬡Сĵ㣬Ҫƴ
ҶСŤͷһۣȪеķ¶һ˿΢ЦȻ½ĿͶ˺ħ½ķ


1507 Ĳͬ
ħѻϮ˺󣬺ħ½Ҳûκα仯Ҳһֻ߳һħ߳
ˣе˶ҵģ˵ʲôʱͻһصĴһսսţʱʱ̶̿Ų˿Ĵ⣬ϱĲԼƬǧǧ˵
ɽׯһһңңԵһɽׯڣ̨ͤ¥󣬷Ȫ㻨ȵʵ֣뵵˼ɾ
ɽׯſڣһ޴ĳʯƾգϿɫ֣ڡ
ɷ裬¼ΪһɾµɢĹâתߣҪԾʯһ㣬ܹд֮˵Ĳġ
ΧɫƣɫƽʯΧǶ·̺ϵİһڷɶƣԤʾҪڷɡ
ɽׯǰյʯƾܹɽׯĲɽׯ˵ĴӪ
ڣһڣһɫۡͷϽڵӮλϣƲһɵȨ֮䣬·˳Уֱӡ֮ĵ
вλίԱ
жһ㣬ɳĸȥ鿴һǾôӮ˿˵˵Ϊƽ·ûһ˿
˰ɣѾʧһЩˣɳֵĻ»ĸ֡һ˵
ߣĪ壿Ҿÿԣ˭֪Ϊβ֣鿴һÿﶼ᲻
ͬ⣬ײС壬Ȼήٺôʵҿ˵ʲôıȻһҪȥһ¡
飿ҿ˻켺ɣ
ҪѪˣΪ࣬㣬ǲ鿴ΪʲôҿǾϲ⡣
⻰ͲˣΪ˼ʧǾôػǵĽʲôԣ
ǵ˼̫ˣѵû˵õķؾǽǱȥ˲鿴һºħ½ֻкħ½ķ½ҵǣš
֮Ҳͬɳ֡
ӮλۿһУ֪ˣϾЩ˶ԲͬǵĿȫһµĻǲŽˡ
λίԱֳɣһͬ⣬һͬ⣬һɣ¶ʲôͬһͲͬһԣһ첱Ӵ֣㶼
˺þãӮſ˵ҪˣҶһǶ˵ˣһжΪδʲô鶼Ҫúȥ˵ҪСһ¡
ӮĻ˹ȻͣôӮ˵˵ĻǵȻҪοӮΪǲǶ֡
ǣһʵ
ǰ˵һ뷨һ˵
ʱܶ˶Ӯ˵Լ뷨ӮǷǳҪģܾʹյĽ
Ӯһ˵֪ҵ뷨ͬһʲôıͬһǺ˽켺һԭǲøʧ˵Ŀɶԣ
ԣȻȫԣҲǶһѡԹȨĵطᣬӹŴĳõĸְλϵľΪңǲ໥߶ԷֳɣȻҲǵıغͿŹйء
ֻС㵱Ȼܹ˵ֻܹͷӮĻȻӮɵӣ룬ӮȻܹ
һ˫ȫ֮ߣôǶһ£һ´ңǺʲôͬӮһЦʵһӣ˵Ȥ
̫ͬˣȳϾĲͬɷϣгúһģһģǿܻ֣࣬⣬౾Դ壬ײб塭
ȿȡ˹һȻĿ˵Ҳܹ졣
˵һȻʱ˹˼ЦЦ˶Ǵģж˶ʧ̰С
ȣ󲿷˶Ǻõģ⣬˼뼫ΪǾδһ˵˵ôɣϸ˵Ļһһҹ˵ꡣͣȻĿͶӮ
Ӯ΢΢ͷ˵ĺܺã˵Щǽ̸۵ȥȥ鿴²ûйϵ
Ӯ⻰һ죬޲ǽУҪƤѾòˣȻȵš
ǺĲͬûУǱǶһֶƼܹ𾪵ĻǱȻǿƼӮ˵


1508 ַս
û˵Ŀ⣬Ӯ˵ƼǵΪвͬ棬ھǱǵ̺ϵҲ˵ǽصĹӡڣƼĸǸģһǺģǿԽÿƼоǿˡ
ȻƼչ죬Ѿʵ˳ܻǿͶһ»˽ħ½鿴ħ½ⲿϣźħЩǿߺѷ֡
ӮĻ˵ĿⶼΪ֮һ
˼û˴񣿡һʵ
ȷʵ˼һҲôʧ
ǻۣҵ簡һ΢΢һ̾˵
ҲͣͬӮǸκεë
ǵ֮Ȼ˵Լһ϶Ϊڵìܶһʼ˵Լ뷨˻ͬ⣬϶Ǿڸá
һҪ˵һ˵ո̫ϳϴϢԪһս֮һҶС˳ͻԭԪͼȥȪкѲӣҶС̬Ȳã˳Ԫȶ֣̫ϳôӮ˵
˶ԼͬĽĿͶһˣһɫ糣ûκεı仯
ҲҵˣʵǿޱȣҵΪ
⻹ʲôģֱǸԪҶСȪиһ򣬴ѵĶϿһ˧ţǸԪԱ˳ܵǹߣӦôҶСЩѵѾˣ϶ǸʲôԪר£ڶӦ޳һɫۡкĸִֵ˵ֲֻ֪֡ˣͲ֪ԪĹϵ
˹۾һɣ˿˵ôˣѵǲͬ⣿вˣ߳ȥ
ǿԵѣ˵ɫüΪʣһ˿Ǹˡ
ȿȡҾҪҶСǶ֪ǲܹΪ޼ɵһ˵
ҲӦõ
⻹ʲôģȻ̫ϳѾ˵ľѵҪɣǸʱȻеʮսŵڳ˵ѣ
ѾѯSʡЩߣ˵ȷʵģûаԣӦô£ӮĿͶ
ôôҶûĸ˵
Ϻ꣬Ӯ
˵̬е㲻Ծղֵĸһɻ󣬸ϽߵһȥԷĽͺ˹Ѿ˵ˣһĻὫô
ѾˣȷʵԪĹӦôڴģ彵٣˲ѵãȽSʡìܣλôӮĿһɨ˵
լʺڵĸһЩֲһƨ˵ӮĺãӮֻǵȻһЦ
վ𣬿˿˵Ȼλͬˣôˣħ½ЩѧԺȥ鿴
ˣ˵һ£еսѾģˣֻףȸÿصսһЩִߡÿһףʱܹһһսףҲ֪սҪԴΪḻҪһɣҪȻȵǴõʲôԴͲЩˡӮĿž⿴˵
Уĸе˶Уһܹƽ⡣
˵ĻǶڵˣΪ࣬ǵȻҲҪһ㹱ףҪȻ¾ҪˡһһȻ˵ʮ㣬·ȫΪ࣬ûһ˽ġ
Ҳ׷׵ͷͬЦ˵ԼεΪƣЩ˵Լ£˵ˡ
ӮͷԪSʡȥطߣɳ߿Ƶ˺ħ½в鿴⣬ǽоս׷ַȥ
ȻֻǼ򵥵ս׷ַȴ˼һΪ˵ĹȵӣΪ˸һֺôڵŽΪס
ЩλίԱŸԵս׵ǸԵͶԴ


1509 빥
ءһԪըѣ˲Ϊһѷĩɫޱȣ˫ĿжҪ˻
ӵĵǲ֪ȻѾǼ¸棬Ȼ沢ûиһʲôǴжϾܹҪЭˡ
Ϊˣ˵һֳ裬ֻнûˣҶСʵٻܹһ㣬ҶСΪͲһ˿裬ȻͲòˡ
顭صһʯӢ輸ϣ輸˲仯Ϊ˻ҽ
ҶС磬뿪ҲùģȴŰɣԪ˫Ŀһ⡣
Ѿǵڶ峿ˣϼ巽½Ľ٣صı仯һ࣬ǹâ̺һ
Ȫнٹĺϣʮսŵ˾ȻվͬʱһˣͬʱһبŲĵ
£۾һգգźħ½ķҶСվգɨ鿴ΧĶǣħ˳СһûκεĶ
Ȼû˸ôΪǸͲ˳С򣬶һֻڰУݷĶǣʱһ
׼ôãеڴ彵٣սһҪȻַڵѪҺʵܹƽҲһģȻƽ糣ȴҶСĲ鿴
ͻأ䣬һӰ֣ҶСǰʮ׵ĵطһ꣬ΪѾʥڣǵʮսŵսػҶС籱ļеĵ
ҶСǵ֣ΪΣУһսҲֻ˵ͨ˵ơ
ɢһͬϺˮһһϢ˸ܵޱƺơ
û뵽ѵ֮Ȼ֮ѵˣٿѵˣöûˣһһ¡οһҶСѵˣȻĿͶҶС˵
ѵҲÿ˶ӵʵҶС絭һһӣ£˲䱻һƯա
ҶСһ˵
ּ̧䣬Ϊκ͵ĿҶС˵
ҶС絭һЦһСֶΰˣôܺΪأ
˵ţҶСԶ۳һӣϡ
Ϊߣȴƿس̶ȡ˵ҲһǫˣȻѾ뿪ˣǵʮսŵȻվ
ЩϵҲ۳һɣһһ㣬ȻûҶСѵƳȣҲǲˣ˵Ҳһ˧֮š
󷨣ҶС¾Ͳѵ
רſ佱ҵİɣҶС罫ĿͶΡ
˵أκǺһЦҶС磬ҲǵȴĲġ
彵֮ǰǸоʱü죬һת۾һʱ䣬彵֮Ƕ꣬ʹʹսһҲ֪Ϊεڻûκζ˵Ժײԣڴ½ٵ˲䣬ṥȴΪüͷ˵
ʲôʱʲôʱʲôʱ򹥻ҶСں˵·Ͳںʲôʱ򹥻
ʲôıǹҲڶԿǲǣзе㲻̤ʵ΢΢һ̾Զ˵
ҶСĿһΣĪ
ѵ㲻𣿡νĿͶҶС硣
ӢͬҲӢۣƾʲôֻܹǣǲܹأҶСһЦһת¶һ˿ɫֻЩ˸Ͳͬ⣬Ѿ̫ˣˣܶжһֵӣ־壬Ͳּͬķʽ
Ҫ壬ҲѰǸûȥĴ½Ͳ˽⣬óȻǰȥĻǻȫ׼ϣǺ̫ˣԷ֪֪ףǶһ㶼
ǰȥħ½ǵҶСҲ̾һ˵
ȥβĿҶС硣
ҶСĵ˵ͷ
ȻȥȴûǸ
տһȥȥҶС˵
ȲҪȥˣǻǵȼհɣŲúǸìܣ㳤ò飬֪ˣ»Ȱ˵
û£ֻȥħ½ΧһͻˡҶС絭һЦȻʧˡ


1510 ħ½
ħ½λ̫ƽޱȣҿռ䶼ˣ½ͺˣҪȻǺħ½ӾܹһƬʧ
ռ䶯巽½ˣǺȻ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ҶСٶȼ죬ʱ䣬鿴˺ħ½оħ½󣬾ûиı󣬻ĵʡǰС
ףҶС¶һ˿֮ɫ̽Ͳ鿴ħ½龰·Ǳһε赲ˡ
ӰһԽռ䣬ɲǼǰǧʱħֻѣվںϷ·ܹռ䣬ħ½龰
ԶԶħ½һźһ㣬ƯںϣһּΪ·Ǻħڸ˵Ĳ鿴
ҶСУû˲鿴ǱҶСΪ߳ܶˣ¶鿴ҶСټֻ⹦Ϊﵽʥ۷ļ¾ֲܹ鿴
˿źһĴ½ҶС룬ҧҧո˵˲ʧͽ˺УǺħ½
ոսħ½ҶСЩˣħ½ĸͲһΪħ½ĺСǵ̤ʱ򣬲֪ʲô
Ȼûнħ½һ飬ӵʱղſΧڵħ½֮ĻĶҪࡣ
Ǻħ½ȻҶС
ħ½̤ԶŻֵָоһبšɣϢ·һ½ꡣ
һƬռеΪ죬·ûкĻΪһ壬һɱϢԶԶôƽͣ磬ħ½еǱѵĻ棬һԣŰԡ
ЩҶС˵ûʲôӰ죬оƬռеʮǧë׽󣬸ոս뾭׼ƻǣ˲èһ㣬˳һ
ɲǼ䣬һȵӾħ½ǹʱͱˣһɫϢڣһϢ̫֮ҶСܹ֮ûһ˿Ӧ̫֮кܴĹϵ
һĸ֣ҲȴҪһѣԶԶҶСô˳һ㡣
ΪԡױԵԭƬռе붼ǸģϲֵȵȵûС
ҶСоԼ·󺣣ǳƬռе
ҶСһЩû£ħ½鿴ġ
ʱڵĵطΪκεıɫֲȫǻҺɫʯͷҺɫʯͷɽ涼ǻҺɫģӲޱȣӲȼֱԺ͸
ҶСչ鿴νħ½˭Ҳ˵ʲôҶС粻òСһ˱̬ĸ֣Сɾˡ
չڲ鿴ʺĻ
ҺɫʯͷԼʮ๫ľ룬ʮ๫⣬ïֲܵɽԶɭ֣Щɫֲ涼һ㵭ĺɫͷ·ֲﱻȾһ㣬ɫޱȣԶԶûĻЩɫޣɫһֻҺڵĸоͺҶС۾ϴһҺɫɴ
ҶС罫Լɢ˼º󣬱˻ЩϢ
ܵռѹӰ죬չ˺ܶ࣬Լֻһǧ๫ľ롣
һǧ๫ڣħ½ʵʽŲҲ˵ΧΪΪ£ԽڣΪԽǸƶȼΪϸ񣬾ǹŴʱһ㣬ÿһֶǵأ֮䳣սսķʽΪ
͸ոգҶСͿʮطվҵսţħ½Уֲ嶼оˡ
ɱֺǾͻὫֵľɵٵΪȻɸһ֡
̶ʮӵʱ䣬ҶСͿֳ׵µγɡ
ҶС类ˣֲĲбԡôǿЩνĺħ֮ȫɵ͵־սɺ֡
ܹħ½Уÿ춼кܶ־ʹ׵ʧµִԭ֡
ǳĽۣ棬̭СģǿĴϽ棬Ǳøǿ󣬸Ӳб׺ݡ
ǿĽ򰡣ĻУΪֶˣ£治֪ѾʲôزҶСǳأһӾͿࡣ


1511 
ħ½ǼΪ̵̭ǿôÿһǿ嶼սǿƥ
ķȻ̣ȴ͸ֵĲţ໥ȽѾᣬǰǰëѪɽд棬Ϊԭʼ
ʱ󣬿˵ԺƽʱУһֱڣǽ˷ᣬƶȼΪƣǰʤ̭ǿ
治֪ĺħǿǿʲôزҶС˵
ϵǿ˵Ƚ٣ҶСǺħ½ܶڵص¡
ص׿ռޱȣʷֲṹΪСϲ㣬Ϊǿڵ¡
ǵ¿ռҲѪȵɱ¾ʤ̭άĻС
ҶСӰһ߳˻ҺɫʯﶼĺɫɽɽïܷʢֲЩֲﾡ֦ҶïȴһֹϢ̺ĳֿԵһ㡣
£վ˴һ˿Һɫϣֻվϲܹȷȷʵʵĸܵ½
ϵϢȫڣһööϸСķҶСΧЩĿЧĸϢҶСһʯͷһ㣬ֻͲ鿴ҶСĴڣȻ۾ȥ
ħ½ؼΪʵȻЩصƽܶ߳ı
ףҶС翴˿ܣ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
Ҳ֪ô£ܸоʲôڰпչ֮£ȴʲôûв鿴
ҶС벻ףʲôܹӳĲ鿴Ҫ˵û˲鿴ͲţԼĸо
ҶСûĶһʮɵľǰȥ·ɢһ㡣
Ȼ⣬ʵڲ鿴ΧһУֲ޵ķֲսʱÿһϸ΢ĲֶпӰ쵽սֵı仯
ݡҶСոǰ˲úƿ֣һɹ̺ǿĹҶСӿ˹
ҶС˫ĿһֻһɫٹЩǰ˼ޱȣ֮Щ񽣼⵶⻹ҪǵϢƬռлص
ЩٵĹظȫһͦǿģȻⲻǺħ½ΧѣЩٵĹΪһ㣬ҶСͲںΪԸЩٸͲ⡣
ҶСһ죬һɿֲŷʮһӾͱҶСץС
һת嫵Ϣзֱ뵽ʮС
ءйٶʱըѣɫҺ䣬˵ѪҺǰ㡣
̡һϸĲҽ·˵ѣ
ҶСͥеĹâɢ赲һĴݣͲܶҶСκӰ졣
ߡҶСһ˫Ŀųһ㣬ǰ߳һһӿԽʮɵľ롣
ֻǰʮ֮һֱ׵ľ޴ľƬʵĻҺɫϣһľ֦̾ᣬγ״飬֩һ㣬ټƬƬïܵҶڸǣһɡڵסһƬա
һʮ֦ϴ£΢΢ҡΣĴ֣ÿһֶ̺ϵЩĴֺĻʥֵʵ
·ǿҶС絽һþҵҡһһϸ໥һһɻҺɫЩ֡
ɲǼ䣬ЩپȻϳˮͰһϸ٣Щٺϳ֮ʱһɺ嫵ϢӿЩϳɵϵһƬռеڹٺȻܹӰһе仯ȷʵ¡
ݡЩˮͰһϸ٣·һζ裬ռҵĻζһضҵ˸оһ㡣
һҶСһҶСһҶСݺҪҶСͷ룬ҶС֫
ҪҶСɱ
ٵĹҶСЦһ˫Ŀ·һĹâų˵Ĵƿռ𣬴ϵ
ҶС罣ָһķâ֮ӿ²ݺڿռһƬռ䶼γһУγɵĵ飬ľ
顭ЩȻ赲סҶСĹȫЩγɵĿֲ˺ѵһ顣
̡ĳֶ˵һþ޴ľǾҵҡһֺʹĸо


1512 ļ˻
һոսҶС粢ûоʹ˰֣һ̧һɿµķâ֮ųһȣȳʮɣ⻹ҶСѹԼʵЧȫ֣һƬɭеһжܹն
Ϊ˲Щڰеǿ˷֣ҶСֻܹѹסԼʵϢ
ݡâ֮ӿιâƿգеϢѹʮڵĿռУһƬط·𶼱ָ룬ǾҶСһĿֲ
ǡ΢һþдµٶҶСնˣâ֮ƻ˷ĩɫҺһܼ
ʱ䣬һùɢϢС˺ܶ࣬һ˵ӡ
һùŤƤ·ǻƶһ㣬ռеγһģ۾ӣͶǳѾɾˡ
ࣿһþ޴Ĺϴг˲ɣһּΪϵĸо·ǻһ㡣
ôӣӦƬе߰ɣҶС翴ϳͰ͵˵
ǸҶһ˵࣬мһùٴδһ
ҶС⣬ǰҹҫǣΪҫۣûлشһþĻͻȻ䣬˫л·ĺۼϣӿһƬе
һööâõķйͬһС
öɳһƬռеĸλһƬռ
ҶС˫ȻлһööͬȭͷСķԾȻͷ·ɢһ
ҶСƵĴ򶯣һööӡܣת۾ǰöģʱҶСֹͣ
ö޴ĺͰöСɵķУƬռ·ǴӺħ½ֱӱ˿еĹѾʼתˣֻжعյһ˲ܹӵֶΡ
ʮöģҶСٶȼ죬ָ΢΢Ѿ˳ʱ仹ӡ
㡭ʲôɣһ˿ֵþϴ޴ġȫչ֦ҵҡΣ·Լ𾪡־
ҶСĿ絶ܹ͸еһУûв´ĻһǺħĳһֲߣԼħ½еղ׼ҳֵϢͳȥɣϧˣԶͲһϢˡ
㡭ղŵ׶ʲôӲƽˣһ˿þţûмôˣһЩ򵥵ĶϾжϳʵǲϵġ
ʲôʵʲôûҲƬеΧöģöСģļ˻ģ֪ʶ㹻ḻĻӦʲô˼ҶСΪƽ·Ͳʱš
ʲôļ˻ģ㡭㾹ȻΪ˲ҴݳϢѹļ˻ģƬռ䳹׸ںħ½֮⡣Ϊ𾪵˵벻ͨҶС羹ȻΪһССԼôֱʽƬռˣһϢȷʵͲȥˡ
һ򵥵ķĶѣСֶΣĽŷһὫǺħ½ѹԶաҶСһֵӡ
ҶСĻһþһ⣬̲סݺݵĶһ¡
㡭ɶ࣬ࡣ
ߣʱͻ֪ǲĿˡҶС˵Ŀâ֮ųһ޴ɴ̴ѨⲻǸһѵˣ˵ɣǺħЩǿֲ
Ҳ֪޴Ĺһ˿Ĳ˵
һ޴ɢǿܹ϶֪ħЩǿķֲһֿ־壬Ǻ˵ȥ⵽ЩĲ̳ͷ
ѡһѡ˺ħһӶҶС籣ܡ
֪ðɣ֪֪ĹжôʹࡣҶСϹҳһ˿Цһؼ£ʱһشػγɣһشػ·ʢĺɫĻԵһ˿ĻҺɫ
ҶСĿƣشػǻһ㽫һþ
̡һЩһ˿Һڵ֦Ҷȫȼܣһռ䶼Ҫȼˡ
࣬㲻úҽǺħ½ȻѪҺһữƬϷֵϡɶ࡭еЩ֦Ҷһ֣ȼȻʹ֡
Ҳ֪һ᲻ΪƬصķϣٲ˵ĻΪϡҶС˵


1513 鿴
һĬȻտڲԣˣҶС˫ĿųһΧžЩһشػڶ𣬾ȼգƼ󣬷·ܹһռڻ
ïʢ֦Ҷбն˵ȫȼľǾҵȼա
תۼ䣬յľͱҶСȼյֻʣһͺͺɣҶСڷŹһþһþҲԪˣҪָûϰʱͲܡ
˵˵ŹҰɣھˣһɿ־ԽǾԶԽ仰Ȼ١
˵Ҫҳ֣ſ˵ǷļһϽ˵ɣӵʱ䣬ı˵µˡҶС綢ѾΪ˹ͺͺʵ
ҶСúýѵһ٣һþʵ˺ܶ࣬ҶС˵һЩԼ֪
ħ󳬼󳬼ڽɣ϶û˸ἰ˵֪ǵˣһùҲ֪󳬼
󳬼˵ħ½Ǳͳεģ󳬼Ͳ棬Ǵ״̬
֪ҲǺֻ֪ܶ࣬һЩǰǰѾˣܹ˺ܶսȻûдӶķΧ롣
һΪǿӵеİʥ־мʮ򣬿νǵ̼ΪЩȫͻƳɳϰ꣬ǧ治֪жٸֵ
Ȼһù֪Ķ޵ģ֪ЩĶͲ֪ħЩУֻҪǼΪǿԼӵеܷͲὫڲ͸¶
֪ЩҶС¶һ˿ʧһâųٴһЩһ˿ҺڵĻȼһȼյļΪҡ
ࣿ㡭˵ſ־ŭ
ҶСûᣬûҵȼգھУС㻯һŻҽ
ǸΪ֪Լ߱γˣҶСûȥѹһյķģϹâã׾ٵľʹһƬա
źħ½ڲߣŽ룬ԽԽСģٶҲ˺ܶ࣬ʶ˸ָޣЩ඼ǵ͵ȵ֣ΪҲǺܸ
ҶСͣΪ˵ΣϢħ½ĿΪ˴̽
Ŀǰ˵Ѿħ½ħģʽ˽һͨ͸
ҶСƬ½ѾˣǺħ·ûκ׼һ㣬ȻڵģʽǶ֣ΧЩȫɱնǵĸ
һ¼ΪҶС벻ͨħ岻ıǸģ಻뵽ǵĵ̡
ħ½¿ռҲǹޱȣʮ׵ķΧħЩħȫڣëΪ⻬ͬһֻǹǰСĿݼΪܹҧöڵʯͷʯͷιʳȻǸ߼ֵʬ֣Ҳһٻ硣
ںħ½ͣСʱʱ䣬ҶС緵أصʱҲ˿⣬ϾϵԼİȫ
ʮӵʱ䣬ҶС뿪˺ħ½ո뿪㴩Խռ䣬˸䣬͵˵ʮսվĵط
ʱѾˣվڵʮսź͵ʮս֮Ŀռ䣬ƬԷֹħǿǰϮ
ʮսŵѾ֪ҶСȥ˺ħ½ҶСƽԼͬһ¶һ˿˷֮ɫЩ棬Ǻ֪ҶСںħ½ʲôǣΪأֻܹʵʵվһ
ҶСѾع飬¶һĨɫߵĿռ΢΢ɲǼͳҶСǰ
û°ɣοҶСʵ
û£ҸλСģûоǡҶСЦЦ
ҶСһĴָʾûǸ
ħ½ʲôκʵ
ҶСйâ׼ħ½ȫһķʽڸΣǲµЩһŶ䣬һ׼ӣȻһЦеĹâʧȻûκ˵˺ħ½
Լȫ˵˳ȥ
û뵽ħ½ȻҲ֪Ĵ½ΣǲҲֲģʽθ̾һ˵
ӦòǰɣҶСЩȷĻش
ҿħЩ־ʲôı֮Բǣ¾ΪǳסǣȻʲôıƽǵһټ𡣡˵ԼĿ
鲻ǵģĻҪ档ҶСһƵ˵


1514 ս
ţ̬ȺҪܹܲ˽жεһЦ
ʱҶСͻȻȪеķ򣬷·ǲʲôһ㡣
ôˣɻĿҶСʵ
ˣ㻹Ȼصĵ̰ɣҪȻЩС˿˻ʲô¶ˡҶСȪеķ򵭵˵
Ҿˡһֹâֻǰһ˾ʧˡ
뿪ʱмΪƽΪҶСֻѵһкܴĳɾͣû뵽ΪҲΪûвǰҶСѾˣ˵ҶСʵҲΪǿ
ߺһ⻮Ƴգ۶˲ҶСǰһˣʥؾ磬Ԫֵ֮ˡһʵɲ⡣
һսףһս׽ãһּΪҫ۵ĸоսйâ֮⣬ҶСûпĶ
ҶС磬淢һսףһսܹϢܹùӰٷ֮壬ٶӰٷ֮壬Ӱٷ֮ʮѵõǺܹ֪ȫΧڵһУȻǸڴռУͲ鿴ˣ֮⣬ͨѶ豸Ժˡսȵϵѵõһսףϰɣ˺ǲĽս׵ҶС磬¶һ˿Ľ
лҶС˹ȥ˵еսףĿͶˣЦЦ˵ôѵûиǷսףûзĻһս׾͸㣬ô
۾΢΢һȻͻָԭӣ֪ҶСҲֻ˵˵ҶСĲҪĻղžͲӹսˣ˵ʹҶСԸҪϾַսĶҪҪˣ»»
͸ģô˼Ҫأ˶˵ս׵٣ֻܹ㷢һȵ˺󣬻ȡÿһ˶ַһսסЦЦ˵ûʲôĻҾˡ
ҶС˵ͷ뿪ҶС翴˿еսףһսϵĳ嶯ѹסˡ
УΧսҲֵսףҲֵһס
ҶСӿ鿴һսڲһУһսüΪصĺϽģڲһЩֿ̻һЩ·Ǵع
սڲⲿҲ̻һЩͼЩͼһع·
ֲܹӷٶȡԭˡҶС
սлһЩС͵Щ¾ܹӵܻܵҶС粻֪;ˣ
һս׿²սս鿴սλڡҶСŹâҪ˵ӸλЩ˲ս÷ҶСһ㶼šϾ֮Ĳޡ
뵽ҶСʱע⣬ɲԼжܵƣοһս׶ʵڲѾ֮壬ǿȽʵޱȣһս׶ǿܶ࣬˾Ƕˣ罫һս͸ˡ
ڽܶ࣬һ˶ܹһսףǶֻٰܹѡһļʹ͡
ͻȻ䣬뵽һ⣬Ȼսп̻·һս׵ǿȣôǷܹս׵ǿأҶС
뵽лһâһ켣Щ켣·ǴĹ켣ع໥
ΪֽΪīһööָ׸ǴСķĹתۼ䣬һ·ƥһķԾһööһööâ䣬ߡ
һĳʱҶС˫ĿâųޱȣеĹ켣ͽȻһ㣬·γһ㡣
һķһһһսУʱ䣬һսϹâ䣬ޱȣһƬռеӵ˽һɺƺƴһսӿ·һս״ӷƷһԾƷļ
ɫս׿ݣǸѪж봩һս׺ս̵Ѫһսϡ
ʱʮսе˶һսףĿ¶ȵĹâ
ʱҶСɫһ䣬ֻһööָ׸һСķĴսг˳ˣ·Ͳܹսݡ
⡣ҶСһпٻɲǼһһСķĹֱӡս֮ϡ
һöķ·ѹãһööϸСķĺèһ㣬ֽսУû˿춯
˿̣һսɢϢǿޱȣ´Ϻ˵ʵӵĲֹһǰ㡣


1515 ־ۻ1
ɫսҶСǰȫչƲģ̺·ǲõĹâܹһս׵Ĳ
еĳȣҶСϹҳһ˿΢ЦĿһɨÿһһۣʵһս˷ҵģҲҪһսףҪ𣿡
еĹâˣôõս˭Ҫأǣ⸱սױϾҶСģô˼Ҫأ
˲شҶСٴ˵ѵԼе뷨˵һȺС
롭ҶС˵˶˳һ˷֮ɫ
һⷽ쳹ӿȥΧЩսŵ˻ΪǷʲô飬׷׿˹
Ҹղ˵ĶʵһսҲҪҪ͸ǣôˣʵڲ֪ô͸˭ֻܹ͸һˣ֮˭ãµĹҾͻὫ⸱ս״͸˭Ƚ⸱սҪһսףҪǵıˡҶСдЦ˵
˵ţһͷһսս˴ָС
˿սͻȻʧжһ˿ʧ䣬һ뵽ҶСĻһɶ־𣬾񶼶˺ܶࡣ
Ҳ֪ô£˸оԼҶСһ˺ܶ࣬ǶҶСܶ࣬һּΪĸо
ԼˣҶСΪ˴ʵ̫ˣиͲҶСһʮˣһǰһ
˵ľòҶСмΪοԼһСʱʱ䣬ʵģҶС翪ʼ˶˵ѵ
Ȼû֣ôڲѵˣǶ󷨵̶ȣȵսʱɱͻӺܶ࣬նɱԽ࣬ȫİȫҲнһıϡ
ʱ綫ˮתۼ䣬彵ѾˣҶС绹ǲϵѵ󷨵ıͨ˻Ѿﵽڻͨľ磬Ȼڿвϵѵûд͵󷨡
ҶСѵ֮ʣһյĿռͻأγɣ·һĿٳôһ޴Ŀռ䡣
һյĿռոտɹģͻأ֣ӰΪΰֻͨ˵ǰ㣬ǿȴͬΡɽǸʵһ־µƲɢ
һη壬𵴵ΰϢֻҪһǷ·е˶ݡ
ʱյĿռУپ£ӿɲǼ䣬Žɫƾγɡ
Žɫȫ۶ɵģһһױȵΰͨ˿¸Ͳܹ
ϵŸֹϵĻƣͬĳĹ֣һһ໥ĳֹԵظС
ϸȥͻᷢеĽɫ⣬ܵеɫɽɫ󣬻ᱬϵΰһ˵׵
Ӱͬʱ˽ɫϡ
Ǹո֮һӰΧĿռȹɡģģĸоʧˣ¶һڵ˼µӣӳ༫Ϊ㡢죬ӵӢŮӵģֹĽΪ֮Ŀ
üĵλÿһķţһдһبžԶĲɣ֮·̺ĳ
ɨһĵӰ˵ͲҪڵˣʶˡ
ߣ˭ʶһ˵˵һӰΧɢȥ¶һվǵŮӣŮӣű¶ҪλҶڵѩźһĸ첲ƽ̹С޳ȫ¶˳һ˫Ⱦɫָ׵νѾӻΰΣֱǾ˷ﰡ
ɫ㷢̻һö·Ҷ״ͷε׺ϣīɫΪһߣ۾ޱȣ·һ档
ȴƫƫе䣬һ׽͸ĸо
巽½ӡ޾ʱǾûм棬λܺá˵һɫ׵ӣӶͷϻСɵļǣƤԳɫϸȥĻͻᷢһâڼת·̺ĳְ
ϵһƬһƬĳֶϵۼףʵޱȣԼã׺ǳըãһ𣬾ܹһռ
ɢһͬһ塢֮ʱʱݶ񶾵Ĺâ
һ˸ͲӶӣ·ֻҪһۣܹ־Ӱ꣬ʧõĴĮԭС


1516 ־ۻ2
һһŮθߴ࣬һѪɫɵһ㣬һΪǷɢһ˿ı֮Ѫ֮˸о·ǵããѪһ㡣
Ůϰɫâƣһžͣǣʥޱȣһĸ߹
ɫ磬īĳϲһɫëǿȸëһ԰ɫڱȶһбѩһȵĸо
ӰǺħ塢ľ塢塢ѪӰ塢ĸ֣һʵɲ⣬޷ƥơ
Ǿͷ·µ𣬴ϵһΰѹ˻ģ
ӣΪҲûлָ¸¡ӰĿͷͶ˺ħӣ˫ĿɫĹâ
㻹һ޼ɡӡ
عѾԲ˶೤ʱ䣬ǵΪͻȫֵָĻԻ͡ѪڤǷ·Ѫ۵Ѫɫâųһɺɢ
˵žһ·ѪڤһӸ䳡ˡ
ˣܣûʲôҪ˵𣿡·ǼԼĻ˵û˵Ѫڤ̲סĿͶŮʵ
ĸ֣ľĸ֣ǵо൱һʥĸλãͳ졣
ǶҪ˵Ļ˵ˣǻʲô˵ġž¶ǳǳЦݣȻĶˡǣȴһˮһ̲ס׽㣬ֹΪ֮ɵģڲ֪ŵ
ǰתÿһֵڶһ
ǳٳûжֵԭҪָԼΪȻԾǿɨһУЦһ˵
ʲôԭ֮˴˶ףͲ˵˰ɣ޼ɿһ۱˵
ܲû˵ʲô
巽½ٺǶû໥Լһ㣬ûмࡣ
Ȼû˵Ҳ˴ףҲǿôóȻ룬Ʊػᱻʹ࣬Ҳʧأʱĸ幥Ļǻʲô赲أ
壬ҲγɵأȻѪӰڽǰѾɳֽˣǶصȻ˽⡣оѾ˽Ĳʱֻֻᷢкܶû˽⣬ǸһּΪءھ򲻾ĸо
˶׼ٹ۲һڸ
һɵԸͷ
һϹҲûһҶֵԭ
б壬ûʴ֮ģ໥֮Ҫ໥˵컹ѾԻڶͻѪ׷ɣʬɽηǳֲ˵һڲҲһ壬Щѹţʲô飬ʹսҲֻһ淢չ
ߣԭȻףѵΪΪָ˾ܹɨһУ֮ƹϷ£ѪһЦ˵¶һ˿м֮ɫ
ѵûǸʵҪ֪عŸոջָʱ˭ܹͻƵǸ磬ǸȻʥ۷ֻһС߱ǧ򱶣һѺɨ֡޼ſһЦгһֺɨµİԵһ޵еӡ
ΪһӲɣЦһԶǰҲᱻЩַ޾գ겻ܹعĴ½
Ҳ֪Щµ˻ûУڵĻ˼һֶֻܹǣҿЩѾˣҪȻǽٵʱҲ޶ԣôǻСһĺãȻָԵΪʹʲô鷢ǸҲӦѪڤ˵ȻбѪȣ˼ܡ
һˡһ˫ɫɨһ˵ѾôˣǸʱǶ̫ǶѾˣЩѾȫˣȻܹģϾʷҲϣ˭֪Щʲô֡
˶٣ܼ˵ҪʵȻڶ֣Ҫ֣Ҫ֮ƺɨܹǰɳ֮ʣʱһִڣҲʲôˣĸ
ѵһʱ䣬Ǿ;ʲôɣǿ޼ɲĵķһ䣬Ϊ޽ɵԭԸе㼤һԵ򣬷·ǲ־;ﲻȻһ㣬Ѿˣÿһʱ䣬ƬϵϢǿһ֣ѵҪǳɳʱ䲻ɣ
޼˵ʵ཮ϵϢҲܹ˭붯أһ£һ¡


1517 Ϸ֣
ÿһ˶뾡Լĵ̣ɨһУռĽռԴҰⶫ˭У཮һսʱûϮԺ鷳ɾʹˡ
˵ǶףǶỹô˽⣬Ҳ֪ǵжٸ֣ûĸִڣĸڣǽˣҲ԰ȻȥǸ赲ʱǾǸصĴħŽƻĹâ˵
ʲôߣ޼ûʵ
ǼľޣȡͻƣǸʱǶ£ٺĴأʱ䣬һԿ࣬һ鷳ܹǰĵķչжôǿ󡣡˵Լе뷨
ͬ˵ѾСǲҪǣƾڵЩҲԽ˾Ϸһ˿ǳǳЦݣЦʮˣһ峺һ˿ͯɵŮ
Ȼⲻһּ˭ıƭĻ»ᱻԵͷʣ¡
Ҳͬ⡣Ѫڤ˵ĸ֣Եõ͵ޱȡ
Ѫڤ˶еɵѪӰĹΪа񣬶ұ仯ˣ˷ʤ
޳ɣǣĽôһ幥һ飬Ǳ⵽ʱĸ幥ռĽһţһ鷢֮ĳ˿»ѡһ˫ɫӣɨһ˵
ܵĻǶ˵ͷĻΪҪǴǰ뽫ӦõõĲֻҪȻȵˣ໥ս˿ӣǾͲˣûԸ⿴鷢
ܼ򵥣ǲȡͽԭÿΧЩĽãǿôʵ
ôֻ֣Ҫ̫Կˣûʲô޼ɴֵ˵·˿ں¡
ô֣Ѫڤ˵
ҲĿͶ˵
˼һһӣһɵɫġܲӿ£λγһͼȫͼ
Ǻħ̫ƽһǡӵͼϻһ˵ľӡһһƬǡ
Ϊ཮ֵĻͦģħòƳһС
ô֣Ǿô󣬵˵
ĴСϻֵĶûʲô⣬˵ĵشﲩʱֵĸ֣ݺķԾ£ûһҵĸֿ֮⣬˵ĵЩ˾ϣڣȻʧʧǿǻһЩöǺħǲҲ̫˰ɣһﲻѪڤѪɫâŵ˵
ʼѪӰȽģڻĵ˽⣬Ǳκ嶼ӳԸҪ򵥵Ķ࣬˵ʼɳֽ뻪ʱѾĵԼأռ죬ħ彫ĻֵǵֵڣȻӦ
ѪڤĻ˶һӣû˵ʲô
ǶǴˣȻ֪ߵķԴأ似ԴȽ˭ռ컪ģǵĴ½뻪̫Զˣ˭֪ǧĺ󣬻᲻бʲôڱͱӣֶƾǵһ֮ʵȻܹţ÷ʱҪҪȻȴֵʱ˭ʲôԡ
Ķ˵ʵ̫ԶˣмĽ̫ˣ乥ռһ֪ǳĻģȽԼΧЩУȻ󾲹䣬лĻһҲ޷
ĿһѪڤʵô֣
ô֣ıǣΪ˹ռģѾ˺ܴĴۣǲܹΪ¡Ѫڤ˵
ʲô˺ܴۣʲôΪͽˣȫƨһڰˣ˭֪ȴû˵ʲôϾѪӰĸȽ뵽˻ġ
ǵĴ½ߣѵԽһȵĽռ컪ģǾô𣿡ʵ
ǵ飬Ͳͷ㵣ˡѪڤ˵
˼ֻҪһģȵĽҪҪν
ǡ
ĻǺħӵϱߵһȣ˳ͻô죿ѵҺħ忪սɣһӱޱȣ
ĻѪӰ㡣ѪڤĻؾһ䡣


1518 Э
ѪڤĻͬŮһĵӱѿޱȣ˫ĿīĹâųҪսսѵǺħѪӰ岻ɣ
ѪڤĿͶ˵໥עŶԷµƴϱųһ׼ֵӣȻǾԲᶯ֣Ҫ˴϶ܾ˵ľ棬Ǹʱ򣬿˻˻ɱ
ҶͬһӪˣҪνˣлɳáʱȰ˵˳ˮѡ
ߡͬʱһŤͷ˴˲Է
Ȼ飬ҿɣľͬռôǾ뻪ĶȽϽ˿˵һ˫鶯ӳ˽֮ɫ
ôͬռ죿ʵѪڤҲĿͶˡ
ѪӰǿԴӱ뻪ģħλڻĵĶԴӶ룬ֻҪѪӰռ཮ħ岻ٹ෴ֻҪǺħռĽѪӰҲԹһҪռ컪ĵأҪǸԵıˡ˷
˵Ļ˶ĬˣǴое㲻ףַûʲô취ˡ
Ǵ˿˵ǸͲָоǴ˿˵ͲͬˣŮӵһ޶Уûܹ֮ȡ
ðɣַɣƾʵ˵Ѫڤ˵˼һ£Ҳֻôһ취ˡ
ԡѪڤĵ˵ͷ
ǵĹϵпܵѣٴξ飬ǾװȻĽǼչȡһָα񾳵ΪȻܹǸǸͲ⣬ĺԶ
ʱһжȱûʵֵԸʵ֡˵
λҾһˡ˵һ䣬Ӱ黯ΪһźȻʧˣһŵɫҲʧˡ
뿪Ѫڤ˿ˣΧѪɫ˲ͽӰУѪɫɢӰҲʧˡ
λҲˡ޼ɴһЦһɺƺƴϷƬյĿռʱƳһ󶴣Ϊһʱʧ
Ӷ뿪ƬյĿռֻʣ˺ͱˡ
㻹ǺֶΣͬռ컪ģĹϵжãڵ⣬֮Ҳһһ϶Цһˡ
㣬ԩҡһӣҶǴˣ˭ܹ뵽⡣
뵽һ£ǣŲߣѾǻӦİɣ˵ͻȻ䣬Χ£һƬƬɫҶƬΧΧ·һֻֻһ衣
ɫҶƬתٶ죬ʱܵӰѾʧˡ
ƬҶƮ¡
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û뵽ز¶ԺܹСˡ˵ȶһɫ⻪ӿӰ𣬽ʧˡ
飬û֪
ѵŵʮսŵҶСͲ֪֪ĽѾ廮ˣԼĹ
ɳ˺ܶС͵ˣ鿴źħ塢ѪӰ塢ľ塢塢壬巽½
ȻֻжԺħ½ɳСͻ˶࣬ϾħǱȽϽмֻããˮͻ֮仹Ϊ塣
ɳܻ˺ܶ࣬һֱӱˣǱЩݵʳˡ
彵ٵӰ죬ڲѾҲûսˣڷսͳںģʱ幥˽ֻҲû赲˭ҲԸ⿴鷢˴Լá
ҶڻĳﱸԷÿһʱ̹
ããϣҶСȻϸѵˣҪ˶еı仯תΪһܣʱնɱͻ࣬Լ˺ࡣ
һս彵ٺ󣬶ھĵȴĽ٣ǵȴĶЩȻܶ˲㶼ˣ뿪սţϾȴʵ̫ÿһֶǼ尾һ㡣
ԴҶС翪ʼѵһսҲ׷ЧֿʼԼսŽѵ
ѵһΪս飬Ϊ˵ķƽ
˶־ĵȴսһþδ˶е㽹ꡣ
һѵȷʵ˲٣·ǽԼеĽ궼ѵ


1519 С
ããϣʮսеŬѵţҶСѾָˣԼһս󣬾ͻԶͣ뵽һսС
˺ܶҶС˵ͣϢСʱСʱ󣬿ʼѵ
ҶСͣȻɢȥԼ壬ʱЩ˺ڣץ㣬׼ԡ
ϸѵܾúż㣬ںڣйһ£͵Ϣɡ
Ȼ彵ٺǵĻΧԲܹ뿪һƬռ䣬ҲΪ˷ֹͻȻ¹ʵķ
һȺһһѶѷֳɸһҶСһһ⡣
նɣ̤ںϣǾ嶼ƣܹһϢĳǾʵ̫ˡ
ҶС˫Ŀâ֣·ܹռ䣬ԲʮڵһжӲ۾
۾յͬʱҶСչ鿴ΧһУԲһǧ๫ķΧ֮С
ڣҵĿ꣬һԲһСССеֲȵȵ붼ĳĲƬ
ҶСӰһ˲һСϿգһתֿˣ·ҪˣȻڣ۵һִ
޾ӿ˹ҶСУһҪҺ̬ӡ
ҶС絥һЩ紺˿һ㣬һγɵ˿߳תۼ䣬γһ״
һž޴֯ɵ޵޷ѣڸص£һȫ֡
ҶСסһŴһͷһСŵʮսڵķǰжȥ
ʱ˲䣬ȥʱʮ䡣
һƬЩϢ˿ҶСһС˹һզ࣬ɻ󣬶֪ҶСһСʲô
ʱܶʥַ˹ȥҶССǵʵޣҲһ⡣
սһСǸʲôãѵѵʱãһʵ
Ƕ֪ҶСԸѵʱҶС缫Ϊ࣬ҲϸޱȣϢʱһ㣬⿪Ц
ǺǣһСȷʵõģҾǵѵȻ׼˵Ϊӡǧ˱һСںܡҶСһ˵
İɣսиֿɥ˵ȻûпʼСѾԤеѵĳغͲпᡣ
սŰǰ
ŰǺãҲӡΪֻҪ㱳СںһǧҾͷŹˡҶСһ˵
ҶС⼸˵ʱ򣬶ûпʲô˶ǵĻʱһɫ䣬˫ȶڶġ
˵ıҶС綼УɨһۣЦһϢûȥѾ˾⣬ܹս
ҶСĻ϶¶һ˿·֪Լı̫ˡ
ģǱģ׼һյСӣǶϢáҶСĿһۣȻ󣬽һСϵ˾Ȫһٹĵطͣѵĵطֻжʮ๫ľ룬ܽϢ

˲ԼͬһҲֱͦˣҶСе⣬һͷ
κѶѲǵʮսţѰ۲ӡҲ֪˭ͻȻ亰һ
ʱ䣬˶
κѶѲǵʮսţѣ۲ӡһ쳹أ·Ǵ޵
ǵѪҺȼգ·ûκܹѵǡ
ǲκôСҶСĿһɨϹҳһ˿Ц˵
ͨͨҲ֪ǹ⻹ıסˣмҶС绰µʱ򣬵˴С
սǺò׾ۼһһӱûˡһ֣һί˵Ŀ⻹еԹҶСƤ
ܲˡҶСҧ˵
ս׼һյ죬רΪϢ
ţȻˣġҶС˵ͷϽϢȥϢʱҲܹ⣬Сǿ߽٣ڶ̵ܹʱڼ˰ɣ
İɣսΪǲϢĵطȻҪٵġ˵һ䣬Ȼ뿪ˡ
һ˶֪ҶСΪǽϢĳһԷֹͻȻ
ҶСȽСãȻ۲ռĽṹԲýʵ׹С


1520 һ漣
СѲãԲһССأعѾı䣬ռѹСĲ˺ܶѶȡ
СգҪǿ֧ţǿҪ˷СҪȻ϶
ҶС翴˿һռ䣬˫Ŀ磬˫лԴӹһö߼ľ޴γɣһöҶСһӵʱ䡣
ϸȥöģͬһĶζһߣЩϸСĶȫǷġ
Ҳ˵һöģȫɺܶϸСķĹɵġ
˫ʽģҪع͸ƿأҪƿǾǿ
ҶС綼ϣкܶ󷨸ֶع㹻ȴΪһ㣬͹ҶСķ
ʱʮսһЩ˶ĿͶҶСǵĿĽ𾴣һ˿ĳȡ
ҶСĹ£ʮӵʱ䣬ʮöķĿ̻
ʮöĸԵĹ켣ͬŲͬ˼ϸ΢Ҳֻͬһ󷨸ֲܹףһϲͨˣֻܹǸó̶ȣҲжعܹһ˿˿İ
ʮöҶСͷ϶һϸϸܵĺ飬֪ķ˶پ
΢΢һ˫лʮöģɢ˰˸λأҲʮʮһɵĿռ䣬ӵĪ֮
ʮöĵλƶ֮ʮöȥ˹âû
ʱҶСн£վһСϣĺ˼£뵽УҶСһ
ʮӵʱ䣬ҶС΢΢һ壬Ŀ·ܹƬռơ
ָ֣̳һߵķâ֮ӽָӿַâ֮ΧĿռϵ𵴡
ҶС罣ָĻӶ£â֮趯һ£Ȼ̽ڡ
ֻߣһɣһâ֮û£ʮ֮ڷâ֮µʱһɹҲĽ롣
ҶССϿ̻ƣ̻ƵƣΪšһʣоͲڿ̻ƣڻһɽˮ
ʵ˵ɽˮҲûдƵشɽˮһеĹ򶼷·ЩУõڹ͡
ƵĲüΪ࣬һһܹвҪȻͻǰ
ڲǰһѾҶСԺĳ֣СϵһѾĳ֣˵ʱһССѾƣҶСҪֻǽưԭ·¿̻һѡ
ҶСӰ磬ּ䣬ʱʱأʱʱ죬赸ΧĿһҶСʮ־壬ǲ󷨵ҲҶСϵ輫£ҳˡ
սȻȻܹ̻ôµĶ
ǰǿЩ·ٿһ㣬Ȼܹо
϶᲻ˣСҪжǿ󰡣ƽĻµʱȥ˶
ʮսŵ˷׷ۡ
ҶСĶȻΧЩսŵսԼSʡڵЩˣǶĿͶ뿴ҶС絽ʲô
ҶС˿ںȻ̻ƣСʱʱҶСͣ
ʱҶСɫмƣȻһ߿̻һ̺֡˺ܶࡣ
ĺ˼Զֻʮսŵĳɻվźħ½ķʱܹս
ʮսŵ˵ԾҶСһοһûа׷ѡ
ϢһӵʱҶСƣеЩ׵ļˣ޾˹
䡭޴쳹գõĹâһСӿ·ͼգ·ع˿ߣµ
𡣡ҶСգһ֣һץС·ûһ㣬׾ٵıҶСץա
СոսʮöİΧĿռʱҶСһֻֻʮâʮöĶʱг֣âãʮС̫
СϵƷ·Ǳһεǣʮöһ
ʱ䣬âʢʮöġСϵƣ·γһ塣
ת˼Ȧ󣬹âʮöûСϵƳûСڲ
һôգֱһ漣
ȫǰͨ˿һĻ󣬾Ի޴ĺ䶯Ϊ⿴ƺѾΥ˿ѧԭ


1521 ǰ
СĽɹ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⣬ǶΪҶСˮƽ𾪣ҪСգ̻󷨱Ȼޱȣ̻󷨵˶عҲ뼫
ĿͶҶС絭һЦСһվǰ档
Ϣʱ򣬿ȥСϣҪٶվں棬õϢҶСĿһɨ˵
лս˷ܺ͸мôһյĴڣɷ˺ܶ࣬ǿСϢĿԶ鿴Ķ
ҶСٴѵˣǶ󷨵ı任ﵽһֱܣǸʱ󷨵תͻû覴ãƳ󷨡
⼸ҶС绹սŬѵɳ΢ֻܻ鿴½ĵòһЩС׼ȷʵֲûв鿴
ȥǧ΢ܻˣǷʮȫٵˡ
ҹѾȥټǳҲּžҹһͳĺŽҹգͳԶ·ܹ쳹硣
һޱȣ·ǶҰ׵⣬ͬʱ̹ǵĺ硣
ءͳĺŽϴ죬һֹս˻صıһɱǻս⡣
Žںħ½ѵһսͣغص̫ϳϡִߡߵȵȶһĿ·ܹ͸գħ½ϡ
ҶСվããϣǳɻվĵʮսŵˣһ£һһźϣʱӦͻĹ
䡭
һֲϢӺħ½Ǳߵķϳ𣬷·ܹ档
׼ˡҶС˫Ŀйâ⣬͸¶һ˿ս⡣
ףʱҶСĿܣֲܸܵϢӣЩϢҪ½Χһ㡣
ѵҲҪ½ҶС¶һ˿ɻǿֲϢаһ˿˿аϢһֿ񱩡ԡ
ܾܺãҶСҪٽˡ
Ȼ綼֪ôһճ綼ǣҹͻȻۼǿƣúܶ˶һеһ˿ڴ
ɳɳɳ·ʲôڴߵʲôһĵ
Ȼ廹û¶棬ƾһƬƽããеĸˮﶼݷ¶棬·Ǻɢǹһ㡣
ҶСɢ鿴ŷԲǧڵһУһ̶ҷɣΨ˲һֲ
ѾĶˣ½ط´غԮغҶСս
ûмʱ䣬һͬǳһĶ̤նϵϢΣһſ֮
ЩԷֿغսλ֮ĺ
Щ½ĶȽҶСЩغս˵͵ܶ࣬һûκĵһ㡣
غЩսŶǶҶСսŵӰ죬Ȼѵʱ򲻻˵ʲôжڰĶԱȡ
½ЩսźغսŸûа취ȽϣǼԼڶҲǴĲ硣
˺󣬲ûغսǰװһ׼ָָ㣬̸ۣ˵Ŵ彵ʱεնɱ壬նɱѪɡʬɽ
̸ЩûʲôƫƫǵǳһƬھܹϸмΪˬǵսû˵ʲôֻš
ЩǰҶС絭ĿһЩˣȻ˺ħ½Ǳߵķ
Ĳһĺĳ޵оǰĺŽǡ
һ𣬺ӵĵط¶һűȺڰջҪŨڵĺͬʱһɿꡢϢͬǲ㺣һӿ˹
˶ܵһϢ˵ɫͽȻһ䣬ĿǼᶨŨҵսⱬ۸ղЩ۵һʱͣһԲɫ΢䣬¶һ˿ɵ
Щ˻ûܵʲôѵǾ񣬶ԭҰӣûɱ䣬һѵĻ˵ľһɣһγһ壬ֿ񱩵ϢͶ첻κӰ졣
ЩֱϢһӾͽһʱѵĽֱ˳ҲԤʾźսĽ
Щ½սһĻ޹⣬·Ǳϴ˼һ㣬ʵˣҪȻǻֱȥ


1522 
𡭡Ĳ޵ĺƽߵƬԽԽŨ˶ƬеĶ
һֻֻξ޴󣬷·СɽһޣǰЩ޺ʹӼΪƣȳĴҪһңǱΪɫһףԶͬһĸ񣬿ʵޱȣǿ·ȷ档
Щ޵Ķ伫󣬲ǴǰţзǰֱֱݼΪڲкɫת˿ɣݾܹǿĹ
ǺħħޣȻôǣǿȼΪʵΪֵܹסʥֵĹСĵ㡣ҶС۲Щ޵ʱһҶСϾǸʱˣɥһֵļ䣬Ǻܶණܹ
ĻҶСɫһ䣬Щħ޵Ϊ붼أ˾صޣʮ֮Щħ޳ĵ̣ԻɻԵĴ
𡭡Ĳ·ǿ֣޴УɫâųǺ˷һ㣬ͬ
Щħ޿ıվ\ľĸ֣Щ˵Ϊβ룬Ϊʥصĸ֡ʥһظ֣ɫףⲿϥǵȲλȫǼ̣˴͸Ե
Щַ·ħΪһ壬ǺͺҹڣԷ
¡¡
Щħ޴Զշ˹ֻǴľ޴һƬƣǲźǰУ֮ռݺ𶯣һƬռ䶼·ѹˡ
ƣ·ÿУɢúܶ˵ɫ˱䣬·ͲǶԷĶһ㡣
ѹѹĺħִﵽҶСǰ幫֪ʶҶСžһ£Щ˺޼ʮ
Ķвħ޻޵ĴڣӣһӾܹޣһɿµ
Щ޵һ֪ЩǺħ½Χ޻ڲĸֺ٣ι̽Եĸ֣Ƕ͵Ĺˡ
Ȼħ幥УкܶҲ֡
ѾеȲˣŵѪζϣúóѪǷͬ˵ǰ𡣡ǰֻħһľƵĺУһĵںڵƤϣźڶ֣¶˷֮ɫ촽˵
ɫף˲ͬǣϲûκεļ̣ɫڲһ˿˿ĵɫƾվŰʥصĸ֣ųⲼãһӾܹĲΪǿ
ҪѪΪץֻǰס弫Ϊǿ׳˹˵
ãԸгɾ͸УѪҺζУ˻ֵ˵
˵ļǡ
ȥ⣬кüź󳵵꣬Ǿںħ½Щ޴ʵҪ
ٴǰһľ룬Ȼȫɢ˿Ӧսš
ϣռкܴƣϣֶԿһսš
ֻޣе˶һ½һ¸ɫ׼Ϊѿ
ȻѾ֪Ϊǿ󣬵û뵽ܹǿֵز
һӸֺͣҶСǰĵطЩһǧ֣ʥصĸ־ʮ˵ˡ
ʵϿЩʵҶСսǿ屶ǳǿǾһѵһòӵʱ䣬ܹҶСսźɨ
ҶСһУһľʵĴ󳵻һΧ˴ҲŴһ޴Ĵܹ֮ȫǰ˵
꣬ҶС˫Ŀһʥ۷Ϊ
Ȼ£ܹ̾ȡ
࣬㿴ڲͬѪҺζһҲڲͬҾˣɱ㣬ΪҵġںɫƤϵһͿҶС磬˫ĿбųȵĹâһ˿˷˵
Ȼ󣬵ȴĴÿ˵ĶУܶһãȻ֪˵ġʲô
֮˼Ϊ̣ȫ൱ʳһЩбϲʳѪҺ˵ѪҺкһԣÿѪҺζͬϲǸڵѪҺͻὫţҪʱ򣬾ͻڳȡѪҺ˾ͱǳΪٴδҶСС


1523 սսս
ĻҶСɫ˲ѿޱȣ˫Ŀɱųû뵽徹Ȼ˲̣ȫ൱š
Ѿ֪ʲôҪҽˣȻǸڲͬˣϣѪҺҲһһҾɽˡɫ׵촽Źâ˵·ѾҶСȫ
ߣȻһȺδԵİˣҲֻ޲Ż˵Ĳ̡ҶСĿһĨ֮ɫų
ءһ޴ľʳʱ˷ĩҶСĻȻվһɿֲƱֱһͻ־£жһ˭Ҳû뵽Ϊ֮ߣѹһеˡ
ǰסҪؽڲλм̵ĸֶ˺ʮɵľ룬һУֻһˣ·һеߡ
ڲͬһƾ仰ɡɢźɫдһ˿ħԣ·аԴȪ
ߣ˵㻹ҪҶСЦһԲбͲȻĽҿǳ롣
㡭ҶС仰һʱ˵˻ۿڲţһŻԻͲʷĻ˲ŵĶأ
ϣ˵һһ㶼˵ޱȣǾ㿴εĲ̡
ʱѾսս򶷵ƼΪƴһ쳹ķֲӣϺˮһһ㣬ǧأŴȻ
һΧܶൺ춼ֱӱ̺ǿκƬҶСȼ֮콨գƯ˺ϣҲֱӱƬ
սţͨս󣬹Ϊôﵽ˼£ܹܲҶСЩսȽϣҲǲ
ûκεսǾԾԵǰѹŷһУֻġ
໥սһһʱ䶼κβ˶ԷȻһЩսźʵǿһϣʹʧ磬һɢңʵ֮£һӱ˽ӣʣµֻеɱˡ
Ժʵ޴֣弫ΪԾ벻ЩྐྵȻܹǵս
ȹ龪ȣǵֵûаĴ·ֻѪҺܹ˷ܡ
ˣ˵һ䣬ҲģҪǵЩȣᱻ޿ռ֮ãҲǵͲ˵
ߣشͬȻ֮ΪΪݣңҲὫȫӡұΪͨˣҲ޷˷ˡҶСԴȻôķ
˫Ŀһɨһƣаá
½ЩսţͲܹغЩսȣȻⲢ˵ǵʵ磬ǽںϲһ
սĲǸ˵˵ʼޣԷӳΪǿܹ˵Ϊ˵ǲ࣬Ȼӵо£˻ĵľ
޵СҶСͻȻһ
ʮսŵˣ·ĳһ㣬ϵͬʱɹһһ壬Ҫڷɵľķ
õĹâһ硣
Ȼ䱬ƣ˶һ϶¶һ˿ɫȻмֶΣֲôſҵҪʵΡ
һƣȻһѺɫγɣϣһϷӡ
ءͳ͸ǿĺŽһ֧ʱȫƹĵЩħǽĳһ㣬ص̤һ
䡭
һպҪˣȦȦռ䲨ӣһɻԵĿռ
Ĳеħ޺һ޴г˿һ˷ܣŵʮսų˹ͼһԵѹҶСЩˡ
޵СͻȻ䣬ʮսŵˣͬʱǰ̤һһÿ˵жûһ˳ǹ
ǹͬһʱǰ̳һ˾޴ġȫγɵĳǹγɣ˰У˵ľһɣҪһЩ
ҶСһһ˳ǹҲûͬʱЩǿߴ̳
һɿֲĹâҶС統ǹ⣬ݺݴ̳һɻԵһܹƳһ谭


1524 ɱ
кɫħϵ꿴һɫȻһ䣬ѿޱȣ֣ѾˣüҲΪƾܹ赲
ࣿǲСĵɫΪ
ħҲܵһĿֲǰͳͷΪ֮һ٣ǱϵЩǿߣ㱻˦ȥ
ֲۡġһ谭Ĺħ޺ЩַӦʱ䣬ֱڳУ˺ѿһӡ
ںɫѪҺɽħ޺ЩѾεһƬ·½һ㣬׷׶䣬ЩѪҺҲ¡
˲ױǿԼ»ûкսһۣ뽫ҶСˡ
ɶࡣһ˵
һ֮󣬵ʮսŵ˾ѾĶӴˣʱ׼ɱһ
ת󡣡ҶСһһվĴͬʱӴָóʮ졣
ʮҶСǰ˫Ŀвϻпٻٶȼ졣
ҶСĴĻȻһ䣬ʮӻΪһѰѼ⵶̽ĶУâã·ȫַָ˿С
ʮӻΪ飬Ǿһ㣬ֲĹâϵıų͵Ĳϱ䶯ߴ
ת˲䣬Ѿǧˡ
ডͻȻ䣬һ·ǴԽʱĳӣʱľͷһ㡣
һ飬âãپ£ϻȼգһ·˻棬һֻȸӰԻ𣬴ŷپĻһ˳ȥһŻǻ̺·ܹնȼա
ҽϷһֻֻޡһֶȼǲҽ·ĳִ߻һ㣬һЩг˿־壬һЩǿеķŭеԡ֮ȫ˳һɱ˿ħŵʮսŵ˳ȥ
𡭡һ޺һɳ˻ҰϢƵ£һƻһֻצߡ
Ӱ۶ɣԴһɽһ㣬ǧɽȲ˵ôƾܹһ
һӰɢƬؼ䣬ֻҪǱһֻޣȫòޱȣȫˡ
ȸӰγɵͬʱ׻ӰҲγˣ׻ɱȫɫķâ֣һɫâſµĴ͸ԣһ£ʱ䣬һӶԴ̴౻̴Ҫôǽһ֡
ˮ·һһ黯ĿֲͷӿЩ־ͱݺݵ׷˳ȥֱˣˣγɵˮ溮ޱȣһ·ʯʵ΢ֱγ
ҲѹķĴ࣬ʱʧʷУ֪ˣǻعһ֡
ҶСֱּǵɱסˣħϵĺɫ˫ĿȼŷŭĻ棬սʼڣһӵʱĶѾʧķ֮һҪȥò˶ôĸֶȫնɱ
ģֶλǲȻͨ󷨣ӣûа취նɱǸࣿ궢ָҶСһ漴ʵȻܹҶСս꣬ûҶС磬һ֧鹥϶½ܶ࣬ʱȫԽ
ˣǲУУʱԵ󷨵ʱսбɱʥغڵǿߣʵ²ȿᱻսб˺ѳΪƬֻҪһǸΧͻ֪ҸͲܹ룬οǿ߹עóȻֵĻԷӪеǿҲ֡һϲɣλôʲôûУͺվһ͸һ㡣
˵ˣס˻˵ûеǸ˵껰ֱӴˣ֪˵Ķʵ󷨵ǿޱȣΪ֣Ҳȥ
˻ڲϵܲĵ˵ѵôնɱɣ
ˣӦﳤ̣ܶô˵ǵʵռƣֻҪܹеĸֶͳһ˵ת֣ȫնɱǣҲɵɱǡǵϵٴ


1525 
ҲֻܹˡбųĹâһ죬һħгеһ֧·ˮͰһϸĺŽǶʱС
ءˡֲͬڡ̲ͬĺŽʱڹŴŽǡսĵȵȶоʱʩĶֶ͸ǿܹÿ˶ܵ
괵ŽЩַ·ǽӵĳһ㣬еĶ鶼һ£ͬʱһ𹥻Ȼǵһ𱬷еβ롢Ҳû󷨵ļӳɣǱղŸԹ˸ԣĹɺúúܶ࣬ȻиֲѾ˺ܶࡣ
Щ֣ѾʼӦִ͵Ĺʱǰ˲٣ѾϮ
ϡҶСһ˫Ŀų˫лʮɲǼı䣬һĴعĹ켣Ϊ
ҶСûоսֱӴΪϣҪõѵĬ϶Ȳܹɡ
ڱ仯ʮսŵҲڱ仯ٶȼ죬ַֺϺϣתۼͷֳ飬еȫƴʢâã·ֻ޴ĳεֻ޴ĳζ䣬ع򣬴Ŵĺۼ
ϬĹǱ͵ͬʱݺݴ̳ͬһѰѷĳݺݵĴ̽ĶС
ҽһֻֻޱն룬һֺݺݵ׷˳ȥˣʧȥĳһ֡
ոάƽɲǼͱˣսʼкֶܶѾˣʧһ֣ҶСһ˲˺ܶ࣬ûܵʲô˺
Ϊ⹥еһˣǹһ㣬ÿ˷ֳһϵĹͲˣϿԺԡ
žԼĶأɫüΪѿ˫ճȭ״춯ⶼʾеķŭ
ӣ㲻˵ӦֵܹסǵĹ𣿡ɫʵϺɫµһƬе
ϢŭūҲû뵽бˮƽѾﵽ־磬ҺѵǺܶ࣬ҪȻ¸ԽĽһ޴вڣǺħԶ밲ҽټ֣նɱǸˣ̫ˣѰǵϵһĨɵ
ȻҶСʵкһ㣬ǿԷóƣ֪ʱգһΪһͳ˧Ǹʱ򣬿ǺħҲܹĽˡ
˵Ҷ֪ټҪʱ䣬¸ǰҴЩ˻ᱻȫնɱ㻹ʲô취ܹ£ܲͷ˵˫Ŀк¶
ˣ㿴һ£ǺħһЩȡѹԵʤЩ鱻üңǲһǵ󷨹Ȼǿ󣬵Ҳһƣһͻƣ󷨾ͻ᲻ơǵϵٴ
ΪӵĻüͷ˼£˷ǰĶǺħڲˣƽϲ໥ȽϣҪԮأ
ϵ⣬һʱ䣬ԥ
ҪֵµЩҪϵѯԼ
Լǰˣһһռ཮ľǰֻʣһ߾߱ʬ塣
˭飬Щ˱Ͼѵ°Լ²оۡ
˻ǰһæɣƾôһˣò˶೤ʱҪȫնɱˣʱֻʣһ¼ҹˣǸʱϸûйʣǹԣæȻԳЦһʱǻ˫ĿĹâ
˭˽ģҲ⣬뽫Ҳˮǳһͷʱ˭ҲͲٳЦ˭ˡ
ãȥһǣǰһæӣ㽫鱨ȥǺħ˵ȷʵһСŹâ˵
ˣȥɣūҪİȫϾѾĽˣܲȫǵϵٴ
òŵģǸʵܹȫˡ˵
ˣСһΪһȥǸ鴫ȥЩ˶Ҫ֪ǸĿ¡
߰еһӿһ꣬û˵ʲôĶһ˵ǡ
£ͻΪһƬƣźħ½ķƮȥ
ӣòģҲ뿴ʵһЦ˵
ģˣ㲻ҳ֣һֵġ
⻰˵ͷ


1526 ȫս
ããϣħ֣ͳһɫףƣֲĹâųǻԵ
˸սŵĸֺͺħɱһ𣬺ܶսŶ·磬ͺħȽʵϸͲԷܹ嶷൱ҲǼΪ˲á
һЩսţֱӱնɱ˺֣ܶ˵һûܣʱѾҪνҲ˺˶ǵֻۣһͷǾܡ
ħ˼Ϊ̣ǵǿȱȽϴ󣬾һֱֻֻߵޣִ˺ͬǽӴģЩ˵ץУ˺飬ƾ͹̵ѪҺԡϣݵĺɫϷѪɫ·ǺɫѪҺе
һĻܶ˶ˣз˫ȷǶ·𿴵Լ˺һĻһ˿Ŀ־塣
Ȼкܶ࿴Լͬ鱻̵ɱһ˫Ŀͨ졢ӿóʮɵͺħսһ
һѵսţʮһȺһͬʱֹɱǿ󣬶ʮ㣬ȥ
սУֲĴӿռҲںݺݵĲƽϷȦȦųһƥܹ׾ٽʥ֮µĸִ͸ʲô־ǱЩնɱġ
ʱ򣬲غ˲ҵսطҲ˿ֲս
ߵĹҶ⵽ѪӰȫ湥ĹΪΣٵս߷ǳ
ѪӰֵĹΪ죬ǾӰһ㣬޿ײ룬ʱ·һѪڿƮʱ۳ͣһ
ЩǹؼģΪؼѪӰܹڣ꣬ռ壬һˣѪӰЩҲʲô£ӵֱĹԾǿԵѹ
ѪӰžɱһСʱʱ䣬ǾѾնɱ˴֣ʳ˺ܶѪҺһѪɫâƣ·лźܶԩ꣬ЩԩһצɫһΪ˶ꡣ
ЩҲǿܹԻ˵ǣǲ˿»ֱӷ
ѪӰĸ־Ⱥһ㣬ֵĴնɱʳѪҺſЦȫ൱ʳ
ȻҲȫųС֮ܶˣΪ֣ʵǿҲնɱ˺ܶѪӰ֣Щ֮ĸ֣ǶѪӰֵɱΪǿһ̳ܹնɱѪӰ֡
塢ľ塢ĸҲɳǿĶ鹥ΧĹҡ
Щҵĸַ׷һֵڶ࣬ʵǿǷҹޱȣ˷ʤһʱ䣬ܶСҶʧˡ
ײС壬ȫĹȵԳɱ٣ΪֱǻصĴһ㣬ôô
ǵĲб⵽ĹֿͬЩݵĹеǳ׵ķŭˣ˶οѪжȻ𷴿ǷڵѪҺܹһھʹû
ŭǴɱø߿ƼȵȣֻҪܹɱֶμ䲻ãȻЩǺˡ
Ȫнٶ๫ľ봦սڵظ˹赲ս
ڶսֻҶСѵսΪϬһѼ⵶ݺݵĲ˺ħʹսУҲֻսܹռϷ磬Ĳ൱·磬ǱħɱƬײ
ɫ꿴Լ²ϵɫѿޱȣⲢ²ҶСѵЩʵ̫ǿˡ
пܹȥҶСնɱˣҶСУܹȥ˼ҿһܹƬ
ĪաһΪóˣѾնɱǺħܶˣǸϽǺնɱҪȻʼջΪǵĸ󻼡ŲԶŹӻͼΡװľʳڵ˵
òҲΪģͬŮһ㣬ǶӵŸ߹ѪͳüĵϾܹһħüĴʲôûУȻЩľʺڡǰƺ󹧵üĴһıǡ
ı̺ſֲ·Ǳӡסһ㡣
׿գ㻹ҰǶʣôһˣҲ̫˰ɣһɫסɫƤƳһ׿Щ˺͵ʮսսĳ˵¶һ˿ֻ
˵ĵطн⻰Ȼ٣ͬһҲһ壬аźܶิӵʵÿǿ߶ΪԼʵ㡣


1527 
Ļ׿֮ôСΪЩ£һжˡ
ĪⲻҵûãǶԷ̫ǿˣˣ»ҡ׿˹ȥ˵һ˫ӼȫΪ˺ɫûһ˿İɫͬǺڶһ㣬ܹչߡ
㶼Ѿ˵ˣԷ̫ǿˣҵ˳֣ҲɱΪҪ֣ѲҿԼȥɣĪЦһ˵л¶һ˿Ϸʡ
㡭׿ߵĶ˵˻µЩҽЩѪһ߾ʧȥʬ嶼о󲻺ܣЩսʿϵʧ֣оĶڵѪ
׿һ˵һ֧ǷֿնɱǾſϷɣҲˣȥĵطնɱΪͣԻѡֶԸǡ
˵ţ׿Žǣ׼¶
Ƕͬһ壬Ӧ໥Ȼһ߸ϲκθַ㶼ˣвͬĵգ˵أĪǸҧļأսĺħֶˡ
ôģȫΪ˴׿գЦ׿գӡ
ǡӦһ䡣
ĪĻ׿ɫѿޱȣȥ˺ݺһ٣ջסˣϾµΪҪ
ղ˵³˲˵˵ѣ֪ԼЩѾȫУûа취뿪úŽҲӰˡ
ȻĪʹҲδ֪һǲҴǸƱǸһ̨׶ѣϾҶͬһ壬Ҳܹ̫ˣΪأҪĵʲôԻΪħˣǸʱ򣬿ܵĳͷɲ̫ᡣ
Ӧ׿գĪʹնصľʿԣһζڷ͸ǿ·˵
սնɱĺħǿߣǽܵʲôʱֹͣ˶ЩǱѵնɱ׷׻ĳҶСλñ˹
ָŵʮսΧɱħһӸֵҶСͻȻɫһ䣬ĸ֮ܵĺħֱ˹ȻָɱУǣı仯֮Уħ֮˸ոе춯Ͳˡ
ʱնɱһ˻ʣǧˣǧ˶ʵǿˣڹϵˣָǿҲֵסô˵Ĺǵʮսŵ˽ʮսڻͨˣܹøսָնɱˡ
սĿǰյսܹЧʵĽ֮֮صѪֵܹ֮ġ
ڵӺħ֣ҶС˫Ŀâųɢһ򣬸ʮʹߺһǶϽϹ
ħӸֵЩۼ˹̫ϳϡߡִߵȵȺֶܶˡ
ǵɫΪ֮һ䣬һ˸ϽϵҶСλã׼ҶСһ赲ħ顣
еǿú֪ҶСһ֧ҪԣݹеսţǸսܹ֮ң
תֻأ»ҶСһ˫Ŀ¶˿ֲɱ⣬˫вϻǰʮ죬ֳ飬첻ϵת壬һռ䶼ھҵ𶯡
Ȼʹŵʮսŵ˷ֳ飬ÿһϹâãȫ۳һɣӰ
ֻܹ趯ÿһεת壬úܶħǿһʱ˺ܶࡣ
˲Ĺ򣬺ħһֻʣǧңŵʮս˵˶ڲš
ʱҶСһڳһץһռͨ˳ɫװʮʹߺһϮµ̴ͨг֣վԵλá
ʮʹߺֺ̳ҶСһĨռͻָ
еΣҪǳ֡ҶС翴˿ʮ˵ٺܿ졣
Ƕӷٵİšʮʹͬ˵
ƥ𣬾㲻˵Ҳ֡ǳǳһЦ˵
ǳǳЦݣ·ҶС߶Ƚŵ鶼˲٣˶˺ܶࡣ
뿴أҶС˵ͷ΢΢һЦѡʮǰԭġ
˾Ǹ˹սֵӰҲǺܶһΪǵʵ̫ˣǺħӸֵʵǿսǸκãʮʹߺ̾ͲͬˣǵĹɱ޴ڻսʱ


1528 ҶС
ޱȣսļΪң໹Ǻħ֮˵Ƚϴ󣬸׶˺ʮʹ߳ٺʲˡ
̾ͨɣɵĹǿޱȣŻ֮ܣԴ⡣
ûдﵽʥ̵пֲΪѾܶܶˣ治֪ڵʲôز
ҶСȷսУ̱ɱеĵһˣȲϡ
ҶСĶͻȻʮˣħˣлЩֻ϶ûôںǶΪʮĸܹжãǶʥصĸ֣ܹ𵽹ؼԵãǵΪ̫һˣֻʥڵΪѡ
ȻκħĸҲʥصˣǻɽЩɳЩǱǿСĸ֡
ǲ֣ȻʥصĸֳֵĻҲ֡
ʱħӸѾ˹ĸ֣۳ʵʵĺƣĪѹ޵ϢΪŨң·Ǿղŵսȫ˳
ȱֵ֣ʱٳ֡ҶСߵ˵
һϮµ̵˵ͷɵվҶСߣһ˫Щӿĺħ顣
ħĶź˵ѹǺƴƣΧΪľһƬռݺݵĲƬ·ĺˮܾƥŰ˷䡣
һ֧ĶǿǵѪһζ
볢ǵζ¸¸¡
ǣɱ𣬺Ƶһգħ˵ߵ㣬˵ܵ䣬һѾʧܵӡ
ʱһƬռе˶עһս˵һսܹӰ쵽ս֣ϵһսʤ
ϾôսУֻҶСսܹݺݵѹźħ򣬲նɱħܶ֡
һʵҶСܹȡʤôܹ˵Ѫս⣬սֵӰ֪
ڣħ֧˹·ֻɫľǸһĺźƺơ
ҶСһ֮ɫ˫ֻ䶯£ֻܹսУΪһˣһʱѡʱ϶ΪһЩеСҲڲϵı任Щһ֡
ҶСı䶯ʮսУʮ鲻Ϸѣѳһ֧飬Щͬһ㣬ںħĶкᴩÿһζߴĸ
ʱЩСӾǺһۣγʮӣ۳ʮݺݵ¡
һҽѪϷɽ춼ѪɫҿǺҹǰ죬һضױΪѪɫ
ʱҶСָӵս䣬ղǰƽһƬռΧϣΧϵĿռУϵնɱЩ֡
Щħʵ̫ˣƾǧյЩ󷨸סȻ粻λķʽϵľɱ
Ǹָӵ󷨹ȻֲɳָǧᵵܹΪһ޷ԽǵӦóȥĪŵʮսŵ˷·Ƿһ㣬Ȼ˵Ķնɱĸ֣Ȼֲ
Ǻħĸ־ѵܹɨһ塣׿Źâ˵
ѵ룿ĪĿͶ׿ա
ѵ㲻Ը⣬Ըȫ֧еĶͽ׿ҶС˵
˲ܹΪõĻҲԸ⣬ǿ£ûԸԼˡĪ΢΢һ̾˵
һʼսɱ¾úħ֧ͷӦһʱ˺ܶˣǾסˣʲϽ͡
֡ҶСʮʹ˵˫ĿųԲܹúħ֧סǵĹƣϰǵսʽҪȻսǧ˾Իܶࡣ
ҶСĻʮʹ߶ҶС繧ĵ˵ͷȻΪһŵʮսеնɱħ֮ˡ
ʮʹߣʮУǵĹΪϬɱ˲ѪϢӰźħĸ֡
һռ䣬ϰħ֣ϵս轵ϳ˿־֮ɫҲȻͣ·ǿʲôΪֲһ㡣
һ֧ʮսеСӺᴩϰӦûֱӱնɱ
طƵֻ˲Ĺ򣬾ǧֱ
£죬ò˶೤ʱ䣬ħҪȫһƬˡ


1529 Ŀʼ
ôʮֵİʮսŵ˸ͬһݹһƻʱϲʱѿһֲĹâųγһƥ
Щƥ̺ŻԵЩħַ·ͲǶ֣ɲǼ䣬ħ֣Ѫ׷ɣʬ߾ߣȫ˺С
һĻղŻһЦĺħһɫ䣬û뵽ǶʮˣȻսַ˴ı仯
ô£
ղŷʲôʹõʲôȻ졣
ʹĹΪǿ죬ǴΧĹΪ£ȻܹǺħֵս⣬ʵ̫ˣҲ֪ʲô
ħЩ񱳾üͷ۵
ǺħˣЩ̫ϳϡߡִߵӸλҲһ𾪣Ҳʮʹõʲô͵Ĺ͵ĹǼֱδţδ
ѲŮӴڵģԺҪעйˣܶûв͸ǽŮӵ飬ĺܶ˶֪ܾöûгˣϢܶ˳ֻ̬ȣͲš
ʮʹҶСͻƺҲ֮ͻƣһΪޱȣɫҲɱΪɫ˵вûκɫǵңԭˡ
ҶСܹв۳ɹķʮҲӵУıҶСӴ⣬Ҳӵľ廰
磬ħУгϲõôϲʹߣܹ׾ٵĹˣķʲôƣеʹ߶ɢвǿ߶ܹ׾ٵĹ
ʮʹҲóڻʱ򣬵ȵؼʱһᶯöġ
һսܹõĥʮսŵˣǽս
ƽȻѵĿƺȻںܶȱݣսĺܶ仯ܹһ֮仯Ҫ֪սϵǧ򻯣˭Ҳ˵һӻʲô鷢ֻܹ߷Ӧĥ
ʮ౶ʵ࣬ʮʹߺһЩߡִߵȵȵİȻ·磬ʮսŵһЩ˿ʼˡ
ЩˣҶСһʹЩǸģǶһѵģΪĥЧΪڸħ޴شҶС粻òһ
ѵٺãƾǧѵİս󣬸͵ֵסڶĺħֶ
ӦʮʹߵĹЩħĸֽסţȻⶼڳܷΧڣʲô⡣
ǺħȷʵǿôӦˣղһ׼ָһ£ӣѾûǸҪˡĪž˵
ȷʵûбҪˣʮ˵İæܹأעҪն𡣡׿ϴЦ˵
Ѿ׵ķģûʲôʣʤһںħġ
ӣѾ֧Ų˶ˣǻǽƱȥɣٵһЩսǺĵһսֻܳɹʧܣҪȻȻʿ󽵣Ӱ쵽Ժսڻڵһ̫ϳ϶һ˵
Ѿ뵽ˣղžѾϢ˳ȥ֧һʱӦûսٴǰ֧Ԯˡ
һƬʮս治֪ħʵǿʲô硣Щ̫ϳǷ׷۵
Ǻ֣Ѿ磬ȻܹҲкͬһȼĺħǿߴڣһ֣ЩǿҲ֣һû˿ԵԼԡ
һսķħƺˣһ㣬ȫһεս
ֵܣֵܡһдһг˷ŭһǿϢеľ£
ʮսУһˣ˵̼һˣͻˡ
һ˵һ˵ͻƲûӰ쵽սУЩҶС㹻ŵģƫôһͻʱΪһָ֧ӹ٣ҲˣôеһСӳݴһָ֧ӹ٣ӿԷָֹӵ˻ңսеļɻ䡣
˵ֱӴ̼ʮսŵˣһŶʮңҶСѵ£Ѿսе˶ֵܣǧˣȱһһȴһˣⲻÿˣսš
ҶС翴ıȽϿ֪սԻģû뵽ԼĶлһ˲Ǹ˵г˻ܿͽԼѹרĵĿı仯Աڲ󷨡


1530 û֧Ԯ
ҶС粻һ˵Ӱ쵽ս֣Ȼ죬вϻһĹ켣γɣǴص·
ʮսţѳɺüӸ֣һѰѼ⵶һںħĶвϽɱͷͣÿιúħʧܶˣǺħĹҲ쳣͡
ÿһɫĹâ̺żΪֲϵΰһֱնһСӱ֣ݺݵĹ˹
䡭
ֲһӽһСɵ˺˿һԱϡ
ֻۡɲǼ䣬ԱͱˣѪ׷ףΪƬ
ѾǵʮսŵڶˣĵÿοֲĹбһ˻
ߡִߵȵЩĸȻ֣ǴһҵĹȻϽطλķʽҲûа취еİ취ǲܹһطһֱͣĳ֣ҪȻħڶΧһ𣬿ˡ
ʮʹߺ͵ʮսŵϵļΪĬǸոճúħսȫʧ˲䣬սŵ˻Ϊһ͵ĹݺݵĹ˹ȥһƬħ־͵˵ϣϢȫޡ
ˣʮսҲ˲СתۼѾʮʮˣ˵Ȼڼš
ħֵʧʱȵʮսŵʧʶ࣬ǵʮսĲ𰡣Խ٣ս󷢻ӳԽСƱػᱻħȫնɱ
ȥУħʧ𣬵ʧ𰡣ҶСһ߿죬һ۹·˷鿴ΧĶ
ʱһȫ·磬ηǳĲƬڵսſ¶סˣֻܹԼ˵ǻԼæ
һ޴սӰδÿ˲òʮֵľӦԣҪȻһսƱػʧܣĴԶ˵ȺֻŽš
Ҳ֪ûڵԮҶС¶һ˿ɫ
εεΡһ̫ϳһ·ֱһĶ
̫ϳһ¶һ˿ϲɫϽһһֱһĶϵһϸСİť
һöϸСİť֮ʱһâһâɢһӰһâУһӰͷϹڡɫۣһŭ֮һǬ̤˻ġµƵɢ·һеߡ
һӰ˵Ӯ
̫ϳǹؿӮ˵ղΪ־˲٣Ѿȫָˣȣò˶೤ʱͻǸ硣
֣̫ϳϣʵڱǸıѪӰǿ߷Ĺϱ߻һҲҪǻˣڲòֳܶ赲ǵʵڸԮϣ֣̫ϳ϶赲Ƭ̣ȥýЩС˵˶Ǳ߰һʱͶ֣̫ϳˡӮзǸĹâ¶һ˿Ǹ⡣
û£ǻᾡΪġ֣̫ϳǿһЦ˵
ұˡӮ˵һ䣬Ȼʧˣ֣̫ϳǿֱһĶɢĹâʧˡ
һ߿ƼͨѶ豸书ֻܱǿĶ̺࣬ĿƼߣҲ˵һֻ
Ӯʧ֣̫ϳɫ䣬ޱȣ˫Ŀź⣬˿ܣʱߵΪܶ˶Ѿˡ
ڿ˿ʮսŵĵطȻʮսſƺˣ޵Уκʵ̫ˣսĽҲɱһǧ˰١
ĿͶҶСϣˣòϣ˼Ϊ㣬ǵֵ˲ԹͼΪѵãѵĶܹһ
ղӮ˵Դ֮˵˳ȥ
仰ҶСɫ䣬Ӯ˵ôʱڶԮˣһֻܹԼ
ǱһսˣӵĻӰ쵽Ժ󿹻ģӰʵڵֵסĻһбȫԼǧҪ£ˣսУҲֻͳ˧֮磬ӵͳ˷֣̫ϳϿҶС˵
ףţһֵܹסħЩֵģֵסҪ׵ˣҲܹ˰֡ҶСһᶨ˵
ѾˣЩ˲Ǻħ̽ԹľӢӿ»ûгڶֵסôԺȥôֵأ
ãǻĵѪж仰ҲƴϹͷԼһ֣̫ϳŹâ˵


1531 ǿ
ҶС΢΢ͷû˵ʲôлл֮ĻûκεıҪҶΪȫࡣ
鿴ս֣ҶСüͷغһУ˵˴ƣ䷢չȥЩħڶ־Ҫ뵽ᣬΪȫ൱ūʳ
һܹ鷢ҪȻĶΪֳأǸʱǵһ֮䣬ĿǰҪսˡҶСΪأѾ֪һսսŻʧܴ
ȫְɣҶСʮʹߴʱѾǹؼʱˣ󲻵ʱˣÿһӣͻᷢһֵı仯˵Ҳʧܶࡣ
ҶСĻ£ʮʹ߷׷ͷųʱ䣬ֲ֮˷£γһĲһɲǼ䣬𣬺ˮء
ľ޴仯˵ľ֣кħЩ֣Ƕ֪ʲô顣
ɫƹˣҲûܹõ
ʮμһأƬռڣ֮˵ĺ쳾֮һܹе󷨡
һʱ䣬ԲʮĿռ֮ڣڶ⣬еĸжһ˿ã·ԼָУŹȥǵϲŭֵȵоұ仯ȫһһǵԺ֡
ʮʹ߶Щ˵Ӱڶ⣬μģȻһЩ־ᶨĸ֣ܿ״̬˹ȫսʤԼеУûбЩпס
ӰǲҶС΢΢˫ĿȻһī۾ȫˮһɫûһ˿ĺɫͬʯһɫ
һɿֲϱǿˣһƬռҵĲȻ˺¡¡һ㡣
ϷƵ۳һεƳɿնȥֱʮʹмλúƵ
ҶСϱһɿֲʮֲͬ·ĳֽһں
һƬռһ壬γһֲܹвĿ̹ĵ顣
ÿжһ̹ĵ飬޿ײ룬ֻҪն֮ˣܵӰ졣
ʮսŵˡħӸ֣ղŻƴĹԷͬһܵӰ죬е˶סˣ˫Ŀûɣ·괩Խˣص˹ȥ
ԶĺħЩ񱳾һɴ۾¶˲ŵɫ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ顣
ʲô飿ôͣһø첲ײײߵʵ
֪δ˹顣ɫȻ˵
ѵʱҲʱܹǱӡĪ¶һ˿Ŀ־壬ʱοɾˣ¶Ҫ
ԣʱʱֻ񾳸ֲܹʩչֻһЩ׿Խ˲ܹʩչУԲ˴ڡ׿ǵķ
ȴǲʱһ·ܹĵħϣҵĺƽˣһҪȥ롣
˵ĲҲָо
ĪǶħУ
ܵӰĲкħЩˣЩߡ̫ϳϵȵȸ֡
ǱϾΪ־ᶨֻǻ˻漴˹ȻҲǾȽԶйϵλĵشʱûôѹ
þöûˣ֪ĸо֪ԼţǸѪˡһ۵ߣһϵˮָ⣬Өˮ̾
ҲܵӰ죬ΪˣΪԼһУʱһ˿ϣû뵽һֳ۵ζһ׷ԲԵ˵˻
ùȻܹʧǲʮģ
վλãӦˡ
µ治֪ҵЩˣǸͿ͸ôãȻ͸ԷĹ¡
У̫ϳ⣬ûбȫӰ˿ħڶֶɵˣϵɫϱ仯һ˷ܵĹâ֪᲻ݴһ׷׳ˡ
ۡ
Ѫɽͷ­䣬Ƭ򶼱Ⱦ˺ɫһֲ̺Ĺâӿһмʮħֱնɱ
ħĸ־ͷСһ㲻ϱնɱ
ȻħҲиûбȫӰ죬Щ˵ȫûûܵӰĸֶֺ࣬׵ľ赲סЩħĸ֣ʣµ˾նɱħˡ


1532 
һЩΪ˾ɱÿж¶һĨ˷֮ɫ·Ҫղܵ˵ıȫй
ҶСûȥЩɱ¾Ŀ⿴һĺħ֮ˣ˵ĸ֣ÿ϶¶˲ͬɫͬ飬ͬУҲֲͬı顣
ν֮࣬񹦱ÿɢȴҪǵǣ⻹Ƿ̰ÿ˶һΪǿĵˣǸ˾Լ治֪ܷĹһأҶС΢΢̾һ˵
˵˵ɱǵˣħЩӵ񱳾ĸɫһ䣬ѿޱȡ
Щֱּһ书˲ɱ޴ϰգĿǰħʣˣҲвסôɱ
ʲô취ܹѹȥǰ취׿տ˿߼ʵüëҪšһ
ԡô˵Ĵյ˵ɫһ˿ĲȷҲ֪Լķв
׿պͰĪ˵ͷֻܹϣڴϣвУһ취һһͷûУֻܹɱĸ֡
˫ĿīĹâųղռ飬·ѾˣƹĵһƤ죬ϵϢȫ
𡭡ͻȻ䣬˫ĿһɣһһſµĲЧȦȦɫԲӣһɫԲ̺
һ·ܹ˵꣬ҵĲһԴԴϵķϵϢ½аһӲҰޱȡ
ʱгԼе˶˹¶һ˿ã·ڹȥڵĽ紦
ۡһںɫѪҺɫѪҺмżƸڵϸߣڵ˿̺ŰԵ
ǿд߶һֹôѹҲصĴۣˣҲ⵽ش·Ҫе¡
үͻȻ䣬һסǳɫ˳˴ߣһɺɫз˴յڣʱյɫźÿ˺ܶࡣ
е˶Լ˹ҶСɫһ䣬һϽ֡
ҶС绰ʮʹ߷׷׳źħЩֻûȫѹʱڵΪϬĹݺݵ壬ǵ깥ȥ
ۡһѪΪˣֱӱը˿飬Ϊһ
ʮʹ߲ϵʹóÿһʹöɴ
ʮʹֵ߳ٶʵ̫ˣΣ˷ʤ̶һʱ䣬Ȼһ˵ս
һĻһˣܸղѾʮ˵ĲǴû뵽ǵʵȻô£ɱôˣתۼնɱôĺħ֡
׿աĪ񱳾ɫѿޱȣû뵽һӾȻô֣Щ˿ɶǺħĴöɰ
ɱȸնɱʮˡ׿շŭĺһɱ
ɱ¾ȻڼһѪųһħ飬
ʱ˶Ѿ˹ħĸҲʼˣʮսŵҲ˹½ϳս󣬻һںħֵĶвϵɱ
ʮʹĹҶС紫ȻȥϢһ˵һҪǡ
ʮͬʱ˵ͷĬͬʱȥ
ʱħѾʧһһõʮսŵѹ˺ܶࡣ
ɶǸвʵ̫ˣôʧôˡ׿˫ĿųɭȻ
ǵȻܹʮҶС£ҶС粻ͳǿѵĶɱ޴µ˾ҲֲֹǰδʮϾܹҶС籾ʵҲΪǿ
УҶСѾг̣˾Բܹţڣ˭֪һʱٴѵǿ
һò˶еǿ߾ͻᵽǸʱ򣬾ˡĪкɱȻ
ղ׼øնɱʮĸ֣ǣЩǳһ㣬ֱʧˣ׷׷ϡ
Ҫսˣһǻָ˹ֻɴģ
ɱɱЩɶ塣
ΪδΪǵˣɱ
ΪħֵĴģһʱ䣬ʿ𣬺ֶܶɱʮսŵ˸Ƿһ㣬˽ǺԼĺͺħս


1533 ̳
ǺħЩأҲܹ͵ʮսźЩֲ˳еĹߵ˶Կ
ҶС˫лʮ첻ɸͼΣܵӰ죬ʮսŷֳ˺ü·飬ϱͣһ֧֧ǹһ㣬ûÿζ´Ѫصʬ塣
Īɳһ飬һҪѵһ֧ȫնɱȻܹնɱˣҪȻ׿ź˵
Ī˵ͷзһһŹڣ·̺ϵİӵ޷ܡ
һʱ򣬾һռʮ๫⣬һӺħĸΧһսŵ˸֡
һսſĿ̶ãǧ˵ĶĿǰʣİˣȫˣʣµЩ˶ʥ֣Щ˻϶Ҳˡ
ߡһͷͷǴͷӺһһ֧·һһ㣬ɲǼȥٶȼ죬ǸٶϾܹһ֧ޱǿľ
һ֧뿪ⷽʣ˴ڴڴǸսŵˣһٺı飬ɵöسһ
һƲ飬ǸղźĶһսһӷֳ˸ߵͣƲĶ龹ȻһȺǣ˳С򣬸ûκεɱ
£ħĸ̫ˡһµ˵
ʲô飬ôԵ޹ʵȥһɻ֮ɫչɨһȦ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫԭˣû뵽ҲţˣȻնɱôħ֡
ȥսæ
ߣȥ
ʣЩ˿һս·磬Ͻȥæ֧Ԯ
ָŵʮսսҶСоһ֧ǿĶ٣΢΢һ䣬ʱܹͺħ࿹ѾռϷ磬һֻǿĶ󣬿սֻ仯ŲߵķϷչ
˿ܵҶСб⣬׼ȽЩȫնɱȻĵʮսųΪһ֧ԼΪǿ飬һܹǰУ⹥ƣλķʽشħ֡
ְ̣ɣľԷӳҡҶСŤͷ˵
̵˵ͷȻһЦ·ڶҶС˵ġ
վһͷһѹٳǰƾһѹǰõһ١
ϺɫľľϿ̻һ·Щ·βĳĳʧ˵Ĺ֣شӡ
һҹâã·ɴ۶ɵһ㣬Ϊϸʮ㡣
һѹٳʱ̻֣ϣĦһ£Ȼͣ
һ̼䣬ʷ˷츲صı仯͡ŵİˡ
һԴ΢΢գ·˵޾£͸¶һɲɣоԶ˻
ͻȻ䣬ؼһһһضˣ·쳹˵С
̲ûвҹʾͺعһͬʱǾ֮ƹɵŮ
ľٶȻ˺ܶ˵УϾʮս̫עĿˣҶСעĿվҶСߵȻҲעĿ
˭ѵ˵ǸͨŮ𣿡ħһ¶һ˿ɻ
ħһ֮к󣬻˵ļһ֣оһͨɵŮӣԷܹɱ˵
ӦˣòȻǺйصˣҪǶעһ㡣
飬Ҳ֪һЩ˵ɺعֲ֮
ĪǶСһ㣬ŮĻ¾һ޴ѣʵڲеĻնˡ꽫ĿͶ˰Ī
˵ôأĪɻĿꡣ
±˵ĻҪأѵ˼һУЩСᵽǸŮӣ
ûΪǿ˶ѡ
ǿӹ鼮ϿйдţЩͨɸ֣һܹ÷ƱãӰһռ䣬ǶҪСһ㡣
ţҸ˵һĪ˵ͷȻ󷢳һŹֵڷĳһ㣬Ϊ졣
ȻΪеС룬СûдһʧˣһսʧܣǶûغħˡ


1534 һѹ
֮һĻúħ𾪲ѣ˵Ҳǳ𾪣аоصˡ
ٴμ̣е˷ܣеɬô˵̶ǵĺ󱲣飬Ҳôףڱķ̱ء
ˣҲѰҹֻ̣ϧûҵҲô֮ˣصĴȨһЩУ̵飬Ҳˡ
ղһֱҶСߣҶС߱һεζÿռҲ˸ͲܹĿҶСΧһеֻܹԼԼһ
ɢ죬ҶСΧζĿռƽڿҶСӣ̵ò
һžǵòɴڵʱеЩ˾Ѿ̵ѡ
̵ļңʦ׵ˣԼ׵⵽˵Ĳɱ󣬲Ҽ޻ϣʹ֡
һΪҵĵطȻ飬˭ʹʹŵľʧö֮Ҳ͵ˣҲǵ֪׺Ȼѡһԭ
˰ĪѣЩ͵ʮսսһĺħֶע̡
䡭
ʱħһӾӢ·һһӿſµƣһɾ£ɨ֮ơ
һռУӿޱߵĺˣܹȥ
ֺƴ˶ܵϢ֮
һ֧Ľ٣˵ɫΪ֮һ䣬˵ЩһأħǰЩУֻһ֧Ϊǿ󣬿˵ҶСŹһӺħǿߵĹôսʤ붼ࡣ
ɱΪ׵һͷͷǹǵĺħǿߣһޱȣھ֮µıһź顢Ѫɱ¾
ɱ£һֻ֧ǧǿߵĺħͳһɫסɫƤ磬ƣ͸¶ǿҵţȫѾҶСѵĵʮսŵ޷ѳĵ
ȻֻǧˣΪ͵Ķأʥǧ֮ҶСѵһ֧ʵǿǼֱص
ɫĺϵɱ֮ŵʮսŷѿЩСӹȥƣֱҪЩСȫû
һ޷赲ƣЩ̫ϳһɻܹͲãصҲҪݱܷâ
ܶ˶̲ס̾Ϣƴ׼ΪĵδĵǣҪ֪ʵ̫ǿˡ
һ֧ŵӣҶСһЦ˫Ŀеĺ⣬ͬǵһ㡣
ǹɺɫĺոûһʱϸָңһɲǼԾȻ
һһضΪ֮𵴣ӿȫӿһռ䣬ʲô·ǸѾعеĵ
ֻһ򵥵ֿµƾȻѹ˺ħһ֧ӢĶ顣
ħЩվԶɫ˱䣬ī¶֮ɫгһֺܲĸо·ʲôµҪһ㣬һж
òĻʲôµ鷢Ӧòģһ˶ѣΪʥؾ磬ʵжô죬ѵƾһˣһѹپһ֧鿹ⲻɣ
һ֧һԶԸʥ۷ĸ֣ʵɣ
ħЩȻܹԸ˺ħһ֧顣
ҲƶѣһҪԸһ֧飬Ͳܡڰеһ̫ϳ˵ȴһ˿ڴ
ʱЩ̫ϳ϶ע̣ǷܹıһУЩսĸҲע̣·ֻܹıһС
һս󣬿ҪΪĵˡҶСаЦ
֪ҪҶСȻܹõʮսŵħսҪȻĻ˵Լˡ
Ŀһɨı仯֮Уղǹɺɫĳõʮսʧϰˣʧ졢ϬһΣҶС粻еۡ
ҶСԺ˼ϷתĿȻһ˫лһεǰУÿһ춼йɵУеС㣬Ҳڲϵߣ·̺ĳְء
ʮתۼΧƳһԲйɵתš


1535 еɱ
ŵʮսŵˣ䶯ʮսŵҲ䶯ǼΪγͣΧһԲȦҲϵתš
ԲսǵһʹãѪһѣʮսŵָǷܹԲսóɹû뵽ĳɹˡ
Ȼͱ任Ĺле裬Ҳʧ˲֣ջǳɹˡ
һսһԪƱöɵļװ棬Ҳ̫Ϊ򵥵Ĳ֡
̫Ҳһ壬ѭֻ֮֮ȵȣԲβӣҲС
Բսγɣؼӿһط·һΪ̵ıݣҶС˾ԲС
ҶСĿĲ뱣̣ķΧҲܹ÷ӵ¡
Բεһܣһܹ赲һеĶܣڷطкܴƣֲʱתֱܹùɡ
ʱڶһ·𿪱ص֮ƬΪ֮𶯡
ľһӿ֣ܹ࣬ڵס˵ߣΪŨı֡
ꡭһ۵ɫ绮ƽҪգһ·ҪƬ롣
ĲһɱأϢֱ˵꣬Ӱ˵
ӹԾȻһ߸ĵ࣬ǰ
ʱһִС̵ȴ͸¶һ޵ж
һֱѹƬأɱ֮ȫ֡ɢħһ֧ӢսȫֲһƲɵƱѹһ£ǵʵֻܹӳ˳
źƽĻ룬֮ƣѹһɨһѪȺɱ¾
ʲôɣȻع϶֮ߣֱڵһСħһ˫Ŀйâɨüͷ˵
Ȼħһ֧ӢڻھԵϷ磬ӵеȻ˵ĿֲҪ֪Էǵ߸ѡ
߸˿ֲ˵Ժӿֲˡ
Ҫһ׼֪ΪΣһֺܲĸоһħĸ˵
Ҳǡ
ڰ˸һк£ƺƵһռ䣬һֱӽڣΪΡ
ħһ֧Ӣ鱬ĿֲһֱʮսŲóԲĥȥһЩʣĹȫǹɢˡ
ھŸԾۣһööɫ÷γɣƬƬ䣬׷ףһƬϲ֮һƬؼԹѪһɨ⣬ֲֿսУȻܹ͵
Ÿһл۵Ѿ۵һֲľ磬֮ط߳ıֱǸһвһۼ󷨡
Ÿǰ򣬲ǰȻӵ˿µһĵ治֪Ŀֲ
ǰһСΣΪǼ˷ܽľ貿֣аһֿ͸²ɣıһճɿյĻ⣬޾ɱ
úȻ䣬һ˿еѾһڵסˣһ͵Ϣؼ䵴
ǻ˵ĸ֣ǺħĸֶܵӰ죬˵һƬ·˷գ˿֣һϲŭľ磬ֹˮ
ЩΪҲܵӰ죬ħ֮гŰԵ򣬵ǴʱȻ漣ıƽޱȣĸоǲĸоÿ˶õĳ־С
һɫ۵˱Ƭ̣Ȼ˫Ŀ΢΢һ̾ÿµ־ˣԻԶĳȥΪˡ
ܶΪ˶˹ڵһ˹
Ȼ൱һ˳УķΧУǵѵõܣΪȴڻĵˡ
Ϊһ֣ܹ˵Ϊڲ֪䵹ˣûеǣǰŸڵǰѾںϽ˿ռ䣬ڲ֪˵
̵ʱ˻ἫΪľ裬ֹͣʱ˵עϣûעյı仯µǷֺΪήһء


1536 1
ããϣؼһƬžܶһ֮ĿʲôһЩ˺üŭĿԵüΪ졣
ϵڴӹϵҷһ˫ֲ𶯲һ죬㴺磬ǳĳĵһּΪܵĸо
ʱǡ곯𣬸ոմӺƽ¶һ룬ɲǼ䣬һƬϼϲԣÿ˵϶һϼ¡
ϼã·һɾǳϼȾ߲ܳϲ죬һѪȾյζ
аʱе˶Ѿ˹¶һ˿ã
ֻɲǼ䣬һɫѿޱȣΪǷԼΪȻԵ޹ʽһ£ʱ䵹һ㣬ĵ׷ˡ
ɶ񣬾Ȼ˹໹ǲ򵥣ǸŮһҪܶħǶ̶ģ
ɱħ徫ӢУΪ׵ͷͷǹͷӱ˵һ֣ɫޱȣһϳһɼΪϢǵĵ
ɱʮսսЩħͬʱһйеŭӹǿ࣬ΪǲһѾ֪ҲСϾǷӡ޾ա
ֲĺɫγһµĺŵʮսγɵԲսȥ
һŨŨĻԣ·ܹһƬձ顣
ʱ˼֣һ龫ֵŮõƤ
һһƬطӿ̫ĹâޱȲãɲǼĿ˺ܶ࣬ͷ⻹Ҫá
޾Ĺâ۳ǿ󹥻Ĺ׷£Щ۳ɵ÷ҲͻȻǿĹ
һҽĺħֹſµĶ·ʲôܹ͸赲
һؼ䣬ȫǿµĹǼһ㣬̺ſֲ
˭ҲûϵȻ˿ֲһĹ
ءܶѾɥǿֲĹ£ͷͷǹͷĺħִһ˵
һ£һ֧ħ徫Ӣ任ͣγͣɫӿܹ̺ſֲγһɫĲӻƵĶƣһƯ棬Ϊ赲ס˿µĹ
̵ӾȻӵ˿µԶܶħЩ񱳾һޱȣɫѿĹâ·˼Ӧ֮ߡ
仯ٶȼ죬һһı䶯һӣٶȱס߿衷Ҫ켸֣е꽭ϵܰůÿ˵ġ
쳾ѰԵԴԶƴ䣬̨ͤ¥ɺС޲ͯȤŮԵ༫էȻֹͣûͬˮһ㡣
⻺ĵ̵࣬΢ΪϸĸĽϣתһֻ졣
Ľϣعγ˹ľȻһռγһƬ಻ϵɽÿһɽʲ졢죬䣬оޡ̨ͤ¥󣬷·ǻ˵˵Ʈλá
ʱһ䣬˵ĵ顣
ɽɢһΰϢпֲѹɫЩõɽǼ̣Ϊʵĸһֺݺݵźħ˺ݺݴȥһֲħ֡
ֶۡܶЩֲܹ͸̴ֵݺݵĴ̽ЩħڣʱѪ䣬һħ˻
ɫҲס˺֣ܶΪĺħֱӽŶˣЩΪ΢ĺħ֮˱ʵʵһǵϴЩħ֮ڴǵĹȫѹˣе˱ճС飬ںˮУȫ˺ˮЩͺ޵ʳ
ĪܹôȥŵôһСȻʧôˣ˭֪ൽֹŹֵᱬʲôɱ׿˵˫Ŀ⡣
˼ɳնɱߵЩܶ𣿿½ƾǸѵ˶ܹ赲οవҲкִܶڡĪ˵
ѵǾô˲ɣһ˵


1537 2
ȻǣĿǰֻսٹæܹ鶼ն𣬲һ֧Ҳ޲ˡĪǻ۵Ĺâ˵
˶Ǳˣ˰Ī˼֮սҪĲһСӣһţһ֡
ֻҪܹںħ徫Ӣ͵ʮսš̵սֳǰƳ˵ķȡʤ
ҲѶȣû˺ħ徫Ӣ飬Ҫڶʱ֮ڴ࣬ĺѡ׿ü˵
˵ʵҲǲʵǿĺħ徫Ӣ飬һܹźܳʱ䡣
ղ˵ĸ֮أǱܣǱħһ֧ӢˣԷʵΪǿ󣬲ѵأһ֪սսΪǿÿһ֮ϼΪĬħĶǿܶࡣ
һ֧ԸҶСˣսż˺ܶѹ֧ŵʱԻܳ
ףĿǰҲֻ취Ϊ׵еĻֻгֶԸˡĪ˼һ˵
ҾûǳֶԸɣǾǵĸ󻼣ðһҲֵõġ׿ռᶨ˵оɱ
ţٿɣǸᣬǾͳ֡Ī˵Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ʱǶսȻʵҲִ͵սУúСοǻŰЩʥصĸ֡
õɽȻƯƬգһƣĵӿȫӿЩõɽУɽ忴ǻʵʣĹ˺ܶࡣ
ড۳ɵݴɽг£źħڶֳȥӲצӡʮ죬úħΪ֮ɵ
ʱħ徫Ӣͬеĸ֣нϺɫӿƹգڵһС
䡭ֲϱĿĹâĺɫ֯һУµƥϱ䣬ռ䶼ڲ
һƳͻأ䣬ķȻһ䣬Ҳǰǰ죬һֳغΡ
ǧѣ£Ѳ⣬߻ҷȥֻʣ·أιӰ·
̵ĸеļĥѡ
һ¶ĵ·߸ıṹܹǧ꣬ͨȴֻж̶̼ʮأܶΪʦѧգгɻعѾȫıˣǰȫȥֻ·˼䡭
д࣬˺ܶеꡣ
سĵ̺һعڣǴĸЩõɽȫʧΪ˴ɢؼ䡣
֮ϣһӰγɣЩӰʮģòһϱƣ·ÿ˶һ콾
ÿһˣÿһ£ǵ϶һɹ¶ͱˡ
ЩӰ̲Һһ̺ʮַḻع򣬴ۼ
ЩӰתĸ趯ǵĹǰ㣬ˮһ˳ĽС
ǳĿǹʮֿ£ҲʮֵĹ죬Ȼûκεɱˣֱعնɱˡ
ҽϷû˿ʥ֮£ûһħֵܹ֮סǵĹʥϵһЩֲɢΪһŴ
ħ֮˴һ̼䣬Щħ徫ӢЩҲһ˿΢΢Ŀ־𺳡
ǿ󣬼ֱ̫ǿˣ˵Ҳû뵽һŮƾһѹ٣һȻܹ˿ֲ
𣿻¡ЩӰͺħսһҶС⡣
Ե
ડһˮεͻȻ˵ԡ
ڵʮսΧɵԲսڣΪİȫûκε·ĺˮҲΪƽôˮأ
ҶСѰȥֻһˮ£һˮԴ̡
˿̵ɫ԰ޱȣͷϵĺ鲻סž˼°ͣȻȥ
һĻҶСɫһ䣬ͥӤھþı֣ô֢״أ
ʱ̵ʱͳ־飬ǸʱΪǰʥ磬ΪѾʥؾˣôھôǲأҶС羪治ѡ


1538 
ѵе񾳺ܹӳȫʵܲôࣿҶСһɻ
ûж룬ҶСַǵһļϣͥһӤӿҶСĸ첲뵽ڣȻһϸǳصľͥС
ǹ̵ӤǾ޴ģ̵ɫÿ˺ܶ࣬԰׵ľ¶һ˿ĺ޸ס
ҶСܹͥӤиܵеĸм
ص˼֣ǿѹÿ˶оϷ·Ǳһɽһ㡣
ع˿𶯣תۼ䣬ħڶѾʧ˽һǧˡ
ûܹؿ⣬һعγɹ񣬱ſµɱ¾ڼںɫѪɢ䣬һħʮսŵˣһ߲óԲƲϵתţһ߾ػţʱʱΣħڶһЩ鷳
Ȼأسÿ˵ġ
Բǧ֮ڶܹÿ˶Լ̤֮;߹ļ̣ĥѣȻһμзˡǵˣˡ
ܹһвǿҵ飬ܹдһ飬һ߳Ĺ¡
˻ڹȥʱŵҲѪĵ㡣
ʱôĴһ΢Сĸı䶼пһĵ𣬵ȥʱӡҲʧˣǧ󣬿Ҳ˼
һص֮Ȼһת֮ǰӳˣ͸¶һֵıˣڡ
ֻɲǼ䣬һռзƱãذ˷صĺһط£תۼ䣬Ѿƹ¡¡ʱʱֱĩһ㣬òˡ
һ޵־£ÿһϣǶоԼεˣ·ֻҪͻܵĪĹ
ƸǼٵľ£תۼ䣬գһأܺħܹɫֺɫ۳ĺɫƲƺԶˣͲͬһΡ
ʱǻƻ裬Ÿո𣬹âɣתۼ䣬죬ı仯ΪѸ٣Ǿһ㣬Բעͻ޴ı仯
ꡭһõ׵绮ƳɿգںīĺлһµĹնƲ񷣬֮ÿж𶯲ѡ
ʱԶԶ֮ƴ󡢹ޱߡ
飬ᣬҲһġһĨʹĸָĴ̼ÿˡ
Щ־ΪˣҲɵһһ˿Īıˡ
߻ͨˣԼһУжڸָӰַɣж˾ܲסջԼһֿУжڰҹǸЪĸʧ
飬ΪӵĶʱȣ緢ʱ˸γϣʹ֡
ܶ˶ָУҶСҲ⣬˲ʱ䣬˹ʱΪһŵࡶʱľ޴ġ
ڲŵ׵ֶҶС羹ȻѾһһ׿ʼʱĵȻҲӾҡ
ǲҲ֪ܹŵʲôʱ򡣡ҶСʱоüĴеʹԴ΢΢ѣĹΡ
һΪһתΪȻ󾭹һϵиӵı仯תΪӤڵȻȲĵٶȡ
һսһħЩֳս󣬺ħĸҲС˭֪ôǱ
һֵȻǿ̵ӤС
룬˵鼫Ϊ·ֻҪԷһ񣬾ܹ֪Էʲô
һһһ췢ŭڱˡ
ƹŭצ֮ϰ衢ڣӵĪ
ડડͻأ䣬ȻС꣬ÿһ㿴ǳԲ󣬾һ̺һ硣
ɵϸ꣬ûһռУеĺħ֮˶ܵ˺ѷεʹЩδſֲĴ͸ʲô޷赲ǻҲһ·Щعһ㡣
εϣǵ͸˽ȥˮдſµڶڡ
ǹͷεĿ¾ȻȫǶһ㣬֧Ųص塣
࣬ħЩֵ·Ǳѩһ㣬ȫڻܵ˺ܴƣϢ١


1539 
ˮ̺һ˿عһ־ƻԵعص޾Ͳ已̥ܹԿ˵á
żƻˮ£һؼ䣬еĺħֶܵ˲̶ͬȵ˺
ˮȻڵ䣬ܶħֱ̺ˮڶ⾹ڻΪޣȻĶʵ΢Сˡ
ʥءʥȫԼǿʵ赲סˣʥأʥصĸҲܵһˣûʲô󰭡
ħַ׷һһС壬һ赲Ĳ־ˮ
˸ͬܣ˻Ǵ֮衣
Ȼ£úܶħ־֣ʵ̫ˣʱҶСĶͷҲð亹̵ɫһβ԰
ʱҶСͥеӤҲήҲ񣬷·Ҫһ㣬һʱ۳ӤһҪһˡ
סҰ㡣ҶСļٲ֪Ǻõʱһߵ
ôҶС緢һɻĲ
һܹٵӤеںϣΪɵ壬ݸƽ˵
ĻҶС˼֣
õģҪǿԼ
ɲǼ䣬ҶСоһԽռֱ۳һ״ӡҶСüĴҶС粢û赲ʩΪ֪ǲẦġ
һöγɵʱҶСоԼ֮һ޵ϵʱȪУҪϹҲһ˲ʱ䡣
ʱһɼΪö״ӡӿҶСͥУһϵеתƬ̼תΪԼûд棬ֱ뵽ڡ
ӿΪ֮࣬
ṩƴޱȣ·޾֮
·Ϊֲ룬˶ָһ£һööǿֲ·Ǵ⽵ٶһ㡣
أƸǾҵķ׵ںߣ·ʲô
ˮһɶ䣬·֮ˮһ㣬ие־塣
ٴһת飬£һŨŨĻںޡѪɱ¾ر
⽣ӰԹѪȷ³ʬǶѶѣ·ز뱯ˣ裬ϣĸҥ䷱ǧɵȻ޷սǧ꣬һԵһǡ
ת˵ĸ𣬴һĨ޷ĥıǧŵӢ飬ľ
͸ضƬռ궯ƹеĵߣ۳ͬˮͰһϸ׵硣
׵罵£ÿһж̺ſµħ徫Ӣ˶˽̿⵽ں͸͸ˣûһ˿ڡ
һЩ˱Ƥˡ
ʱˮʧûеȺħЩһƬƬӨѩ£һְ˺ͱÿһöѩ̺ſֲһе
ҽһħ帯ã·ڵǧʬ壬ùζ͸ζɢⶼЩƮµѩ
Ϊ΢ˣֱӻΪһg鳾ȻȻ
һĻµĳ·콵µĳͷһͬҹ콵䣬ÿεĽ䶼ߴ
ѩ˪еһС
ϱ仯һޱޱױȵɱѪ֮еʮ٣ɱ졣
ųɱѪȵ֮ϵ׵磬Ȼ仯ΪһѰѱֶʼ仹Ӱ
ԶԶȥ콫䣬ֹһɱڰնаħ
һĻе˶ˣߵĸ֣¶һ˿ϲɫ֪ʮսűסˣħľӢҪҰˡ
ʲôȻ֮£ҵڣҪȻһս϶ǲҰܡ
еҼżмصһθʡ
ߵ˷ܣħЩ껹аеĸһɫѿޱȣǺ޲ýնɱС飬Ҳ޲ýҶСһսŶնɱ
һ֧Ӣˣô죬ûһ֧飬ǰȻ˶ѣ˵Ľˡ
Ǹǵû۸ʲôĴۣһҪնɱһʯһҪ߳ȥһź˵


1540 
ǶԺˣô죿һһǵ˵ħһ֧ӢĲаѾעˣ취ĻǾҪͷĻعˣǸʱϿ϶ûйʣᱻǳЦ
˶ĬŸô⡣
֮һͬ콵µĳͷǳ¡
֧ţ˳ĵΪŨҵɱ֮
̲ޱߵƺɨһУһУᣬǽеһᣬͷŲݵأǸ׾һƽ̨һ㣬мһ֣˼ҲΪݵص
һ£ͿΪǷĹĹѩаܹ˸࣬ʱͬеĸ
֮ѩ۳ѳǿµĹ
ֹһռ嶼в
һħֱࡢЩ۳ɱնɱѪ׷ף֫к䣬˶ܵĴ
ףǧĿ̿ȴһɿգںֻںһ̣һûԻ͡ǵĹ̡
£³ˮµξһաɱ֮һ߿ıųͣ٣ǼΪŻʵʶĸ
ϵļһҲܳнĻصʧһϸˮĸо
ǧžλһˣ˻ζг˼֣˼ֲɣмֵ˻
֮ϵĺƽɢȥҫ˾ޱȵĴۣܹâãȻɢһս
һս쳣ĲңʮսһʧһǧңħʧΪأʧ֡
Ǻħ徫ӢʧǸ˺ħصĴǧľӢȻʧǧˣ£һУ
ããѾȾѪɫǳʱ龰ѪζƬռɢһɹҲԷǴսֳ࣬Թ޲ʵ־۳
ɫϢγɣ·Ǵ޾ӿһ㣬عִеһģģӰצλһ㡣
һɵĲҶСеĴָ·ĳǣ֮һ㣬֧һ޷Ĺֶӿ˹ȫָա
٣ܹЩһĲǶźľ񲨶
ҶС΢΢һ㶣Ȼָһʱ䣬Ѿźˣʱź껹ĴָС
ȿȡ˼£סڣʧս˴ָУӰеĻζ
Ȼ֧ţȻ˺ܶ࣬ȥΪƣһֽĲ̬֮
û°ɣҶС緢һסĵѯʵ
û£е۶ѣϢһ¾ûˡҡҡͷǳǳһЦ˵
ЦĺЦݸҶС綢̣˵
лл˵
ȥҶС˵һ˫һǰĿռ·˺һ㣬һԲεġâõͨ
һɼΪҶСз̰Ȼ̽Ǹͨ
̵ոսͨһʱһµĺɫâնգն˹
һɫĹâޱȣļ¡һеˣٶȷǳĿ죬ҶСһʱ䶼ûзӦ֮˵ΪԴﵽʥء
ҶСɫ䣬гֵĸĻʵ̫ˣȻ̵ոսͨһʱų֣Ǵ
ıУ¾һͨʱĿռܹ˺ѳƬ
ۿ̾ҪһɫĹâУһɫ»ƾճ֣γһ֡
»ת·һռ䡣
䡭
»γɵĹ˲ͱնˣǾһ˲ʱ䣬ȫͨӰʧͨҲʧ
ǹɿֲⷽУռݺݲϸ΢Ŀռѷ֣ɢļµɲǼͻָ˹
ҶСɱȻ˫Ŀ磬һգɣΪѾʥأȻ͵͵ģǺħҲ֪ԼҪˣʲôֶΣˡ
ҶСһ⣬һռ΢΢һɫ׵˳֣һɫᣬʱʱһ˿Ц⣬һ֪Ǹսթ֮ͽ


1541 
壬ԶԶ䣬˵¹սòʲô󣬳ܿԹĵ
ȻиǸΪһΪˡħ˵˶٣ħּ˵û뵽ĸ֪Ȼôǿ󣬾ܹеλãܹǺħ徫Ӣ֣Ȼͬһ㣬㻹Ҫ
ĻɱȻɱ⣬·ҪҶСҷ𣬳һпѡ
ߣһħܹõģϽļƻǺħ͵ŴϱĨɣҶС˵ȻҲûָܹúħĸЭռһ֮
󣬵Ըʵܺʵȡħ˵¶һ˿Ĳм
ɣ˫Ŀը⣬ŷſµƣʱ䣬ʮӰƾճ֣ԴֲĹһҶСӿ˹Ҫ̵ʱڣҶСƬ
һֻصΰ¡¡쳹ء
Щеĸɫһ䣬Ϊֵֻħˣû뵽ʮ־Ȼͬʱ֡
ʱҪ赲Ѿˣÿһ˶ǳķŭһϧҶСսеɵľ޴ģ˵һʧ˵ȱһ˧š
ûΪҶСܹʮֵͬʱдϾʮֵʵ̫ǿˡ
Ȼ֪赲סȻԼȥ赲̬ȵ⡣
ҶС˫ĿһУƣûһ˿ĺ֮ɫ·¶ԷֲĹ
˫һâȫǰյУԲ첻תתĹУλҲڷű仯ޱȡ
ı仯ʮսŵҲٵı䶯ϹâһƬƬռ䣬ȫһǱһ㣬ҶС紦ڳǱ롣
ÿһֽµĲλü䣬˳ûһ֮С
״Ĺϣâڼٵת
ڹγɵ˲䣬µĹ˹
䣡
·ҪƬռ˳ޱȣ֮ϵҪ׹䣬ϸ΢ĿռѷγɣԵÿ˵
ιֲתжǿµתιֲϵطɢ˿ַ̫һ㣬˸ա
ǿµĹɢһͬǻһӵˮɢɣһкǧӿȡ
ҶС˫ֲϴֹâı任ָ͡
ǹɹ˱任λòת֮£һһµѾȫܵսĿƣ͸ղʮĹ޼
Ա֮ˡҶСЦһһ㣬ùâһλòϵı任Ҳ仯Ϊ¡
һɿµĹâͬǻʴ״ϱŷʮֺ˹ȥ
һĻȻޱȣȴһ˲ɵġ
䣡
һռͨһǴԽ˿ռ䣬ֱӶʮǰ
һĻʮֵɫΪ֮һ䣬ѿޱȣҲû뵽ҶС羹Ȼܹǵѧϣִ͵սȴûм
ڵʮսҶСĿУöԷĹ˹ٶȼ죬ʮֶûзӦһռѾˣǸܹԽռ룬ֻܹӲͷƤȥ赲
һɫĹâγɵĹĻǰתۼ䣬ʮɫĹĻͬƵļΪӲĽ壬ʵޱȡ
ȻǵɫޱȣһĶһֲĹ
䣡
µӿ˹ͬ죬к£ſµΰǻص½
ǡһɫĹĻγѷ죬ͬ֩һ㣬ɹɺɫðʮɫ䣬Ͻȥͬʱһȭɫ۳ɵȭͷƬռ·һλˣϵ
еĺɫĻȫ飬ǲһ㣬ޱȣ˵һȭ赲סһ
Ⲣ˵ǵһǿ󣬶ǲһۣʮսγɵĹֵתһޱȡ
¡һ͵ĹֱӺ˹ȥ


1542 Ʋɵ
һ£ʮħͬʱ˳һľ룬ɫһһףѪӿȻûܶصˣȴӣǺôҲʥصĸ֣Ȼô˴ˣܹ
ʮ֣໥˵ͷ˴˶˶Էе˼ǿ϶ôˣȻҪҶСһݺݵĽѵοǱ׼նɱҶС磬ܹҶСһȫնɱǾֲ˺ħ徫ӢĲҰܡ
ʮֱ˺ѿռ䣬˲ҶСһսǰֲɢʮ˳׵ˣһն·ˣˣҶСǵֵ
һɫ۵һ˫ĿųƳգƬռ䶼ںݺݵĲ
ղûзӦѾӦ˹ЩΪ˶һԾԾԣ׼ֵӡ
ҶСǵƤӵ±ħĸնɱˣ¿ºܶ˶Ϊ˶Կ壬ûնɱʧһ˧ţ˶ĭǡ
Щħĸֲ֪ôȻ֣һˣֵڵĻûǻᡣ
һʱɲǼ䣬ʮִг֣һƬպƵצɢԼơ
ǡؼ䣬΢𣬺ħʮֶصķжķʧЧˡ
˵Щħңңԣײһ𣬾Σˮϵӿ
Щֻûսһƾʧɫ޹⡣
Ѿ˳ֶԸЩˣҶСɢ︽սֶԺг֡
쿴һҶСɫļսֹۣ·磬ʧ˺֣ܶʣĸֶƣ״̬ٳŲһСʱʱ䣬Ҫ׵İˡ
սŵҶСʱ⡣
˫ֻâһҶСеһ·ҶСӡеĳֹ
ǰղתͻȻãųһУ룬һʿվڡ
ҶСΧʮսŵҲһţϲΪһ֧飬վգ·ܵϸѵһ㣬ԶԶȥһֻبʡ
һҶСǰ棬һ֧ԣ꣬ͷ
ߣҶСұۣһգһ˳ǹ֣ͳһĻûһ˳ǹǹϱŷϵΰ·ܹܹƬش
ҶСոһͻȻͣˣ¶һ˿ĵЦݣͣ·ڵȴʲôһ㡣
ʱǰĿռ΢΢ʮʹ߳ҶСǰ
ǹĶҶС˵ͷʱʮѾȫָ˹ڵﵽ۷״̬
ʮʹֵ߳һ̣ħЩֵɫ˱䣬еɱⲻΣʮ˸Ǵĳʵ̫ǿˣ˭Ҳû뵽Ǿǿս
Ǻնɱʮʹߣȴĸ赲ûа취ȥ¶һ֮ɫ
ɣҶС糯ʮʹ΢΢ͷ˵
˵ţҶСϵƱŷֲƺƵƬأͬʱžһս߶ȥ
ʮʹߺĸ࣬Ǳһİο
ʮսŵһҲŷǿƣһ۳һɣһܹƳһ赲
ƵĴ£˶ܹնɣЩҲ֮У˺Ľ
ҶСΪ׵һ֧һڷɵľſµžһսնȥ
ǰЩԶԶȥһ£ζ
ûмӵʱ䣬ҶСǾѾ˾ǸսŲԶ
һսźħһ֧սȻ죬䣬㣬ˮܹͣ
ɱҶС߾ٳǹһɱϣ˫Ŀ磬һָǧĴ˧
ҶСĴ£õ˾۳һɣȫ˳һ֧黯Ϊһ͸ΪǿĹƳһУǰ赲
䡭
µĹųħһ֧ݺݵı˺ѳ룬һǧǧ˵ս
һ˺ħһ֧Ľ࣬ǵս⽵˺ܶ࣬һήңս罵
һսŵˣһĻ磬ɱһսȻսַ˱仯ʤĽȷһб


1543 ħ峷
һ֮ҶСĵʮսŲû֮ͣЯ֮սųȥ
ĶŷſµϢâãȫһ֧黯һھ֮Σ˶𾪡
˭û뵽ҶС羹Ȼȥһ֧սֱҶСֶͬնɱ˺ħһ֧ǧ˺ԶЩûжֵĺħһɫѿޱȡ
ʱǲ֪ҶСĿģҶСͼ֮սͼıս֡
䣡
Щʥصĸֺͺħʮսÿ˶ΪǿĹͨҪԷնɱȻıս֡
ħʮʥصĸȻҶСѵĶûа취ǲĶûа취һսųҾ֣ǾԻѰҵռ䣬ҵ϶þԵĶһǴңޱȵȺ
ǧ˵Ķвסնɱ˵ǧˣ˵Ķ飬ɢңҲᱻ԰Ծµʵݺѹȫնɱ
µĹһƳգռ䶼ˣռڻ޸ѷγɣˮܾˮǽʮɣǻһ
־ѧϰɸߵӰ۳ɣͷڤ̤ģһָ;ɽӡ
һħ졢Ȼıɣ໥µһƥŰ˷ųÿһƥſµĴ͸ǻԵĹᴩŽ
ԲʮĿռ䶼ҵĲŤռ۳ΪԵ͵һ룬»ֱӻΪҷɡ
ʥصĸޱߣһ˸Ͳܹ⣬һռ䣬һռڣеΪãеĹһռ֮µĲ
ߵĸֺͺħĸսƼΪƴ󣬾ݴضܹܵǿµƣǣⶼ˵
ħЩ񱳾궼ĿͶ˻ΪһֻҶСϣʱҶСĵʮսŵѾħˡ
Ǿһ⵶ĲϻƳɿգնɱħ壬ÿһεĳд㡣
Լ˲ɥҶСĶУЩһɱȻŷſµĺ⣬޲ҶС⣬ҶСѪҺ
·ֻѪܹƽеŭ
ǳְɣ䷢չĻҪʧܣͷĻعˡһź⣬սڣɫƤ죬ϵĺɫײӣؽڲλӺ񣬿̻ص·ʱ䣬˿ݡ
Ѿս׼
Ļ˶ĿͶ꣬Ƕ΢΢ҡҡͷ¶˹ɫ
ôˣѵǶ֣ҪۿĿһɨ˵
ǵʵʮʥظֵĶ𣿡һħ΢΢̾һ˵
΢΢һ㶣漴Ӧ˹ǵΪʥأȻʮʥظֵĶ֣žʮʥصĸֶҶСĶĶ֣οǡ
Ҫ赲Ѿǲˡ
ѵǾնɱǿ߲ɣһ֮ɫ˵
˶ĬǲҪˣвʣƾ
Ҫǵȴһʱɣǰ˻ȥ鱨ò˶ãͻɳ׿սüͷ˼һ˵
ˣ߰ɣҪνˣĻɳ֣¸Ѿǰˣǿ߸ͲС
ˣûнǰ˭õྐྵȻ֮ˣǻ뿪ɣ㣬Ҹоȵˡһһ¶һ˿Ρ
ðɣˡ
˶˵ͷ˶ͬ˽սǶδħڶԣǵκħڶֵЩʥصĸҲǵϾħЩĵȼǳɭϣıǵ˵Ȩ
˶ͬˣĪ΢΢һһζڴзһжûУҲûκεĽࡣ
Ǵĳźŵķ
һζ쳹ռ䣬Բǧڣе˶ܹ
ʱеĺħ鶼궯Щһ֮ɫĳˡ
Щڵĵط롣
ȻЩոմĺħظֲûг룬ǻսţΪסǿߣԷǿǵһ


1544 ȥ
ڰĪǵںһӶӺħͻȻ䱬ΪҵĹȻսŵ赲ʱ򣬰Ȼ롣
ڸ߿ȥͻᷢһɹɺɫĺͬһռۡ
ҽںħҹ£˺ܶսУԱˣ
ոմһ֧ħնɱҶС緢һĻ˫Ŀ΢΢һУâըſµƣǰĿռںݺݵĲ
ħĳһᣬܹһնɱħ֣ܶҶСʮսŵĸ֣ȥħһγǵƣɫʱ룬Ƿˡ
սںһһ䣬ħʵжǿ˭Ҳ֪һܹħĸܹħĸҶСԻܸʲôۡ
սżħĶ鳷˺ҲĹûвȡʲôжʧˣ׼ĸͲ㣬ĸµʱ׼Ļ˵Щսžһֹ⾰
ʱսŶʧ˺ܶˣûоȥ׷ɱȥֻҪħЩ鲻ǾѾллˡ
ʮʱ䣬ħ鶼ȫһʮʥصĸҲս˰С
˵Щսžƣ¶ž裬ΨЩħͻأɱ˹
ֻ࣬Ǹʼǲ̽ԵĹѣһΣնǣȵʱ򡣡ħһһɨ˵дϵɱ⡣
ߣһһȫ𡣡һսŵս
ԸˣҼסˣʱǵʵ̫ʧĻһὫÿ춼ĥҲὫƳǳԷħ˵һ䣬ȻĿҶСһۡ
ħ궼ҶСһۣȻתȥ
۳Ʋ㣬գƮԶĺħʧߡ
뿪ˡ뿪ˡ
ˡ濪ġ
ǲǣ˵ʮսš
һʮսŻǲ𣿡
ħֵȥ˶ǵʮսŵҲһÿж¶˽һЦݡ
˵ķɣҶСЩԶɫޱȣһսʶ˺ħħʵʵҲȥ
Ǹղźħ˵ģǲ̽ԵĹȷʵˣҪȻħĸôֻһ㡣
ЩҶСһ˿ңҺúħĸûоȫ֮ҪȻǻ赲ס
һΣħĽ»һҡҶСüͷ塣
չ鿴һ£ʱΧһʮսţЩսдĸ־ȻǧˣȫѾˣһսţֻʣ˼ˣνڶսΪҵŶӣսͳ˹¼ҹˡ
ҶС΢΢һ̾ħ˵ߵʧ̫ˣ˵δһ£˺ħʵÿ˶ӿ̿ؼѵ
һЩнҲʧ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСԼĶУܶ˶üɫ̸ţ̸ԼһСնɱ˶ٶٵĺħֵȵȡ
ٿϵ飬ҶСһһɨ΢¶
̸۵˶һͻȻ𣬵ǿҶСɫʱͣһϽɻվ
ħ峷ˣǲǶܸˣҶС翴һˣ˵
˲˵Ĭţ˵ʲôֵø˵أʲôֵ۵ģĽ£ˮʲôɫǺɫƬˮеɫһ붼ߵѪҺȾģǶΪ˱࣬ǻģǵĽǵȻˣǲӢȴԶţƬأƬ󣬱ǵĽأڸʲôһսǶţˣûΪЩȥ˿ǿǡ
Ȼһǿݣǣܹ𣿲ܣǲܹǣҪǻÿСҶС˫Ŀ磬أʮսŵˣսŵҲˣһĬԴһ֪˵ӣҲû˸ղŵֽٺķɸУĳء
ҪʲôҶСʵ
ȥֵܣǻСʮսŵ˴


1545 Ů
𣿡ҶС˵˵ƽ˺ܶ࣬·һ˿ʧ
ҶС⻰¶һ˿ɻ󣬲֪Ҫô
ЩΪˣѵҪǵʬ򣬳Ϊеʳ𣿡ҶСĿһɨ˵
˵۾һʱҶС˼
׼С봦һЩȥֵĹúǡҶСдһ˿ĳأһ˿ıǺ
Ƚֵʬ嶼ҳûʬģҲԡ
ǣսʮսŵĸͬ˵ޱȺ
һӾɢȥˣǱѰŷȥЩֵʬǡ
ҶСѰΪలΣʬ壬սҲ׷Ч£ЩսһеҶС磬ǶԻŵ˵һִ̼ҲǶԼһʽ
ѰЩǿߵʬ֮ʱҶС羲վ鿴ΧԷֹʲô鷢
ʱԱ˳ƶµѪӰ屻˵ǿ赲סˣѪӰָͻƲֵķߡ
ȻܴһԭնǣסѪӰĸ֣һʼѪӰͻȻϮûзӦվס˽ŸĸŶӣɱѪӰ֡
ȻѪӰĸûܹռ壬ǣЩѧҵĲиŬ£зܹб˱ռ֡
ЩѪӰȻ޷б𣬲ɱҲɷŹԭ£ѪӰЩѲˣһʱ䣬ѪӰ˾޴鷳
౱ߵսֳ㣬ûдغһ֣ϾŸովһս˶ܷ˺ܶ࣬οҪֹʱ֡
ҶСɢоЩ˻ŬѰʬ壬ǽϿ»ҪܳʱܹȫѰȫ
ֳһ۳Ӱ˴˴ʮʹ߽һ
һӳһһУվָԼġ
·ǲҶС絽˫ĿǳĽë·һңĹâͬһˣ˵Ŀ볤õפ۾С
ָôҶСĵʵ
ʱܹȫָڵʵǲܹȫӳҡͷ΢̾
Ǻǣھܹӳǻ𣿡ҶСЦЦ
ڵôһʤˣ̿ҶС˵
ҶСҡҡͷɬһЦôףǺħˣϿһʤˣʵϣսಢûռٱˣħ岻̽ԵĹѣǾѾʧһٴι治֪ôȥ赲
Һ㣬㣬ʧֻ࣬Ҫħ峷Ҳܡ
˵Ļ㴫ڸҵġЦЦ
ȷʵ˭˭أ
˭˭ȻһЦգһ۾һ˿ĵƤմȾһ˿֮ӡ
̵ľٶҶСһ뿪Ц˵ŮѵĹϵ
΢΢һһžϷһһĺΣΪˡ
ǰ˵仰𣿡ϴЦ˵
ңôңѵֻҪҸͻͬ𣿡ҶС綢̡
ҶС仰¶һ˿ĻңȻţװƽӣҪУܹǶ˵һԿԡ
ɷϣһ׷ŮӣҪİ飬һȫȫȫǽһķֳNݡ
ǸŮӶϲϢӣںҶСʶĹУҶСкܶܣǾȥ˽⣬˽ĹУҶСһ˿ĺøУҲҶСԶദһ뵽ҶСôŮӣˡ
ܲ˻ĵӡ
ҶСװһԾӣдЦ˵ǲˣ˵ŮŮѣŮѡ
յĵҶСһۣ׼뿪
ҶСǰ߳һʱǰ־סϸ֫
Ǻ㿪ЦģҲ֪̫ˣĺѸĵҪŮӣǲܵģôʲôֱأÿһҶģҾԲṼǡҶС˵
㡭ȷſҡϺϼһСŮ̬ӼΪģ̬׿׿


1546 ӵ
һΪϲұأҶСϹҳһ˿Ц⣬˵ûз֣øӽˡ
̵Ľͬһ޻Ϊ֮˺÷֡
ϽſҪȻҿɾҪˡһͨˣװһ˵
֪ǲҵģҶ౧һᣬһᡣҶС˵΢΢ͷԼ°ͷļϣˣһɱ¾ľƽ˺ܶ࣬ǵζĵװ
ҶСô˵ûеͷûҡͷվûж̬ϿȻĬҶСĶ
þãҶСɿ̡
ҪܹžͺˡҶС̾һ˵ȻҲſ̣չͷֻܹ֪Ѿ̶޶ˣҪٽһչ϶⵽̵ǿҷϾһûйοһΪصŮӡ
Ǹ˶ϲŮҶСҲ⣬ҲλŮӺú÷չǣ֮ôһǳǳĺṵڡ
ףôô죿ӶˡǲǶʲô뷨ҶС̡
̽ĵҶСһۣղŻ㽫°ͷҵļϣֱӴҵĶߣȻ仰ǲ˵ġ
ղҶС·ǸεĴ̼һ㣬ĺȦȦ
㡣̰ҶСһۣһŤֻ뿪·ҶСжôƵġ
ȥӰҶС¶һ˿΢ЦͻȻ䣬뵽ŮӣЩ֣Լô
Ƭ̣ҶСԼĸһ΢ĽŲָ˹Ťͷȥֻһ黨ͯǳɫϻȹĺʫ˹˵Ŀ¶ǿҵ˼
һʱæŲһ󷨣ѵʮսŵˣûһ
νһղǸоԼҶСܳܳһʱ䶼ûмˡ
С硭ͯһдһ˿ľϲʫȻİϲûнҶС磬ȴŨŨİ⡣
㣬ʫҶСҲһһǰſ˫ۡ
ͯǰһͶҶСĻУԴҶСϣ΢˫Ŀһůʫո׼һԥһ£ջ˽ŲⲢҶС磬ͱ
ʫľٶҶС籧ͯǰһȻһֻ첲ˮĺʫҲ˻С
Ů㷢е㣬ипĪڴˣӵұ֮
ҿֻˣҪٶ༸ˣĻɲˡ
鵽ȻŨıŮһʱ䣬ҶСֱʧ¥еķС
һϪΣһϮذ׳ȹ̿ҶСŮʧ΢΢һ̾¶һ˿ĸӡ
޻սҡܽůȴһƬƬд˷¥ڣҶСķУŨʧ˻ֵá
һŮ΢΢ϢҶСĸ첲ϣ¶һ˿Ľߣһɽ绨ġ
´Ƭ̺Ů˫ĿպϣĽ磬ϹǳЦݣ·ʲôΣҶСһܹԶʱоʮսŵЩ˶ѾվСϡ
ʮսŵĸ֣һĿҶСһ壬ǵߣԼѵʬ壬ĳһ֣һɳصϢС
ҶС缫ΪĴŮԴԼĸ첲ȻΪŮᱡĲ˿Ů촽һǣѵˮһ㣬˾ʧˡ
СϣҶС۳ɵغϣһĻʮսŵ˲ûз֡
ҶСɨһСʬ壬г֣Щʬ壬еʮսŵģսŵģ˿Լǧʬ塣
ǶΪģԺǵĺˣǶҪչ˸һҶС翴˵һ䡣
صĵ˵ͷ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСһɵϢɢһƬëǰ㼫ΪᣬգɵС롣
վգ˫Ŀйâ䣬µŷ˫вϵĻ£ΪīչһööԲεķģЩĿޱȣ̺һĴྶͥĹϢ
һö۳ɣͱСУĹٶȼ죬һööĲϹûأĸСʱʱŹǧöġ
ҶСͣĿͶ˵ʮսŵߵЩʬ塣
ҪһЪľҶС絭˵һְ


1547 Ĺ
ҶС˵һ˫һεⷽռ£˹һߣķȥ
Щʮս˸Щʬȫ˹һ߾ʬ屻շֻ漫Ϊ𺳣Ծľ֮С
ЩʬȫۼҶСϿʱҶС˫Ŀйâ˫һ΢΢һޱȵĹ켣·Ǵĺۼ
Щʬкɵķ裬ͬҶСһ㡣
ʬ忴ʬһ㣬γ״ԶԶȥĺɫΪСӣ鳩Ρ
ת˼ܺҶС˫лȦȦεĹâɢˮĲƣɡ
սǿʬ壬һ߾£ȫСڣϸȥĻͻ֣ᷢȫԲηڣǱԲεķסˡ
ЩĲõļΪйɣһööһͼһö޴ޱȵķġ
Щ֮䶼˿·ڴݽĳع򱻹һϸ΢ݶ£ͷзһ壬һֿµĴƣ𾪡
еսЩǿߵʬ嶼УӱϿ˿Ĳ
һкҶСĿۣץһǾƺӣǺƺƳ
Щ۽֯γһԼɵľ޴ĹһĹС봦ϸȥĻͻ֣ᷢĹ滹һߵľ룬ε˿۵ĹɢЩ
ҶС˫΢΢һööϸСΪ򵥵ķĹȫɵĹ棬ЩϸСγӵĴ֡ꡣ
ǼΪϵ֣һ˸Ͳʶ֣Ĺ·Ƕһ㣬һ鶯֮
ȫγ֮󣬹â·Ͳһ㡣
ѳɣҶСˣ˫Ŀ¶˱ɡ
ڵʮս֮˵ע£ҶСһ˫ֲϴһӡ
һ޴γɣһƬȫ֣ϷһɸߵĹš
ӿڹſӣһңҶСΪд
ǿ࣬Ӣبų棬仰дϣдţս֮Ĺ
ôḶ́ķ˺ܶһжֵãǶսǿߵһֵ
оҶС翴ŸոյĴĹһֱĴսûȫ٣ȻѾȥôǿߣǲпᰡ
һŲӿֵĴŻƽʢ٣Ȼٶ˺֮ܶ࣬ҲѪȺɱ¾ҲƽˣĸعܿܿѡŸǿһ㡣
ӵҶСǰһ˽ȥĹſʮ֮⣬ͣĹкܶҲӿ˹۳һʯơ
һʯƸԼɣ͹һߣԼɣʳΣôߣҲһ׶ѡ
ҶС粢ָ絶дһĪ̺һ˿˿⣬ǲʶֵȥĻһΪһСӰ־׵ѧ
дսʱ䣬дľΪúסǡ
һдҶС˵ʮսǰ
ֻһսǿߣϣ˶ܹԶļסǣǲģģΪǵľ񳤴档ҶСĿһɨ˵
ҶСĻгޱȣѪҺǷڵѪ޵ս⡣
˵仰ҶСƮȻ䣬ڽʵϣתĹľһ
ҶСӣ˶һĶˣΪİΣѪԼ
ʱһƿһս׵ӰҶС粻ԶӰǵʮսŵΡ
ΪҶСӰ죬ѵսҲΪĿ̿࣬սսʧǧңսźúܶࡣ
ɫսףݣϳһİ̺ۣߵ۽һֱұߵ°ͣһӢòôˡ
սѾˣϵİ̺ۻûʧޱȣһֻſţܹкƻŰ̺۴ϸṹ¾ϵİ̺۲ܹȫָԭ
£ҶСŤͷʵ
ǺǣҿЩսǿߵʬ壬Ϊǽ˴Ĺ뽫սŸղѰҵʬҲУ㿴ôʵ


1548 û֪ʶ
ʲôԵģĹΪЩսĸֽģܹø˵õϢҲ⡣ҶС絭һЦ˵
һ¶һ˿м֮ɫл
лǶΪЩȥˣǵĻʱҶСʮִȵ˵
ҶС仰˫Ŀһ˵ͷͽЩսֵʬ嶼
˵һ䣬ռ䵴׼뿪
һ¡ʱҶСס
ŤͷɻĿҶС磬ʲô飿
һ˿ΨҶСԸղŴӦ鷴һ㡣
ҶС翴˼΢΢ҡͷЦЦû׼ʲô㽫ǵ˰ڵĺ˰ɣ
дһĨϲʵû˻᲻Լ󣬾ǻµ֮ҲһȻЩѾҪ˹ײеˡ
ԡҶС˵ͷ˫ĿһĨεĹâдһֱӿȥβûж
ȻⲢζҶСܷģ׻˵֮Ĳޣ֮ˣһǾ֮ˣ˭Ը⽫ԼˣûиܵκεɱǲѰľٶû㣬һ˲ԾԻ㡣
ӿ˰̺۸ÿһϸУЩ
ʱǵ̺۸ϸУ˴˽ţ˭Ҳκβ˭ҶСļ룬ſµƣݿһͽЩ˳ȥ
ӵʱ䣬ǵ̺۵ϸУȫɢˣںȫɢ˲䣬ϵǵ̺ǳٱΪһߣʧָǰǷӢӡ
ʥΪˣСС˿ڣ˲ʱͻָˡ
лԺʲô飬˵ֻҪҵ֮ڣһ쵽οҶСм˵
ÿǾ֮ͶѡҶС΢΢˰֣һЦ˵
΢ͷ˵ˡ
ϣʧˡ
뿪ҶС翴˿ˣԭϢϽָԼΪʱ׼ս
ǣսͬ˵׷ڵأָԼΪ޸Լơ
һս˺ܶÿ˶̶ͬȵˣƣѣʱȻҪץʱҪȻħٴιʲôֵأ
ǧһת޾ӿûж೤ʱ䣬ƬƣСŨ
죬·Ƿ֮ɽʥء
ӵʱδŽǧǿߵʬնҶС罫Щʬ尲ĹȻĵĲǲؿٵġ
Щսǿߵʬ尲ᣬûö೤ʱ䣬ͬķʽΰ˰ݱȥ
εľٶΧܶսսˣǷ׷ǰҶС罫ռЩǿߵʬĹС
ԴˣҶС˵ͬˣ뽫ǿ߶һ𣬵Щսͬ⣬˲ֻռЩˡ
սǲܹĹǽĴĹûҶС罨Ĵֳ֮С
Ц綼һӻܹʾŽᡣ
һʱ䣬ҶС綼ǿߣʧĸ־Ȼǿ°
ǿʬ壬Ĺչ˺ܴһֻ֣Ҫ̤Ĺʮ׵ķΧжһֳض·һεڸȾǡ
ĹҶСһվڵʮս˵ǰ棬ָڵ
һʱҶС˫ĿȪеķоиٽ
ȻһΪʥ۷ĸշһŮӣǲһڵĹԱ
ٶȺСϣһһߵ˴ĹĹǰھʮ׵ĵطͣϴһɵıˣľȻһһ뿪
Ƕ𾴡
Ůһ߳ҶСǰһ죬ʮɫСƿա
ҶС磬Щ˵ҩҺַصĸְɣŮ˵
˻󷽰ôҩҺҶСƳһЩҩҺм˵ûա
ŮӲû¶һ˿Ź֮ɫЩҩҺѾ㹻ˣһ˵ĸֶ´ࡣ
·ǺҶС粻˽⣬ٴν͵ЩҩҺݺܾõĲҩƶɵģͲͨҩҺܹġ
ҶСɻ֮ɫһ죬ùһСƿСƿƿڵӰεʱһȵŨϢӿ
ϢȻһռ䣬Ƭռ䶼΢΢Ļζ֪ҩҺ̺жôĿֲ
Ǻǣ˼һΪЩҩҺĹЧһ㡣ҶС罫סҪ˼˵¶һ˿΢΢֮ɫ
û֪ʶǿ°һ̾


1549 ս
ȪйŮĿһҶС磬û˵ʲôȫûһƲҶС˼
ǰսҲˣ˵ΣҶС磬һ߻ᱻħ幥ƣ뻪ģڵܲк
ȻҶСļʶȷʵе̣ŵܹԵڸһУһ˵ЩǴҪġ
ҶС粻¶ɫĽЩʮСƿ͵صʮǰȻŮʵʲôҪģ
㾡콫ħЩս֮ϵĺɫװһռ͵ȪС
·֪ҶСʣ͵ħ֮ϵѵõĺòϣʵսס
ףǶָһ˰Щ׵ġҶС˵ͷ˵
ζ㣬㣬ºܶսŶҪȫˣͲܹʧŮӿҶС˵
˶٣ԥһ£˵һ֧رĶ飬һ֧ȫʥ֣죬ħɿµʹ
ģҶС۾һ
Ϊһ죬Ȼ֪һ֧ȫʥǿߣôս󣬷ӳսжô¡
һ֧ǧ˵ĶУʥֻһǧôǿսǧȫʥ֣ǱսԻʮֹ
ⲻһЩĽѣҲñ̫ϣкܶ˸Ͳͬ⣬Ǻӵأӵеǵƿء
㻹粻˵ոҵȤиҹһˮҶСޱƵ˵
Ҳй߳ɵĿܻɹϾεıĿãȻһЩìܵӣɢޡܶϵలΣ˶֧㡣ŮһĨ˵
лҡ
ÿˣ˸㣬˷һѵȽѵѵЧսӦòϰɣŮ˵
ҿɣ࿴һЩҲûʲôҶСЦЦ˵
Ůͷ¶һ˿ͣûпʲôгһСӣݸҶС硣
ˣħЩսĸϵȫԶһսף൱ڵȼ۽Ů˵Ȼʧˣ˵ʮսصǴ
ҶСַһǱСӣԵĿһ£СнѵҲ󷨵һּ򻯶ѣѵȷʵܹսŵĹȻսŵĹܹսŵʿЩΪҪġ
Щ󷨸ıļսܹдⱾСӵ˶Ȼӵź衣
˲źܶడҶС̾һ䡣
йâⱾСӾͻΪһѷĩɢ˵ϣΪһ塣
Ů˵ĲСϵĶ˵ȷʵûʲôãСϵĶ̫ǳˣڵЩս
ȻЩǳԵĶҪȫգӳȫһεʱ䡣
ʱ򣬻ѾƽһƬڹ硢ýĴȾ£ÿ˶֪ǰĺħ˱ˣҲǱЭȻǲ˵ȥġ
Ϣ󣬹ڻÿǣ׷˱ʾս
ߺǺ˺ܶ࣬ʱΣǱȴֹۣѪӰĸֻʱ׼¹Ľ
̶һʱ䣬ѪӰѾи͵͵Ǳ˹ڣ׼޴˳ƻڵİ谭ĿٷչȻɳһЩ֣ø߿ƼƷѰѪӰֵټ
ѪӰ岻壬ܹ壬ռ˵ʶʳ˵꣬ռ˵ǣαװԼ壬ò̫ˣֻҪĵطȻȷ֡
˺ħ塢ѪӰ⣬Ҳ½أһЩʵĹѾ׷ˣܵĲк
ĳιȫ඼ŬĵֿԼĽ
һЩȾۼ߶Ұܶ飬һЩȴڽ״̬˭Ҳκβ˭ҲһЩȵĸʤˣҲǲʤ
һУ˻ĵʽܹһ⣬پˣȻڵһΪΪսʵ൱ĲÿһԼֶΡ
ܹͻĿҲûеʥ̵ĸ֣ǾۼڵľӰһռ䣬кܶ徹ȻǸлˣǵĽͽһ˴ʧ۵
ȻҲķŭо·ܵصһ㣬ǷĹ赲סˡ
εսûг֣ھ䣬ҲھǱޣ׼ָΪﵽǸ硣


1550 Ůͻ
ƣؼڱķйء
ĵ˽һЩĴ½Ͳ˽⣬ȻóȻȥ˵ոսĴ½ͻ⵽ʲô塣
ȻķأҲйϵ
ܿʱѾȥˣУͺħһս˵˶ѾˣΪҲָˡ
ҶСһǰѾָ۷״̬սǿΪĺ÷սȫĵͶ룬˿иգսֵİҪܸߡ
޴£ҶСΪһʱҲܲסྡõ˻رҲǷģΪֽһ˿˿پʮεսͳʱΪܹﵽ߲۷壬Ǹʱʵܹʥ۷ĸ࿹ˡ
ȲǷһ֧ľ죬Լļƻ£õʮսŵĸַ׷׽սĺ棬Щսĺħϰɫס
Щױںħ֮һ֣ѪװǴϰһƤ
ħֻеʥɫײܹʱ壬Ϊ·ȵȣα񾳺󣬺ɫ׾ܹ׵壬һģһ塣
ҶСûж֣վգ˰Щսĺħֵס
Щ׼Ϊʵкܸߵķǿۼս׺һܶࡣ
սĺħҲĺɫսȴֻ࣬ǧսͬʬһսֱӻΪ˷ɻңһֱеﵱʳʳˡ
һСʱʱ䣬ҶСصĺڣѾû˺ħϵսףȫˣʱսѾսϽˡ
ҶС罫ս֪ʶڸеƫȻЩƫڸˣѵ
ںͺħһսУҶСᵽսĿ£ڴ͵սУս׵ɱһóǵ˵جΡ
ȻҶС磬ʮսŵҲᵽսǿһĵǰʱǻûʲôԺͺħһս֪֮սĿ£ѵս󣬿ҲҰܣˡ
ڵʮսѵ֮ʣҶСǧัȪзȥ
벻Զ˲䣬ҶС͵ˣɫ׽רŹԱУŶԷǼǺ֮󣬲ŷء
εսսʧ˺ܶˣ˸Щȴֵսŷ˺֣ܶǧ˵սš
ҶС缫ΪȵսУȴûз䵽һˣԴҶСѯһֻҶС羲ĵȴû˵ʲôЩ˵Ĵ֯顣
ţò˶þлϾʱ䵢鲻𣬺ħʱ֡
ʱҶСڿŵʮսŵĸѵսͻȻ䣬һķϣֲϢƼΪƴ
һҶС˫Ŀâų·͸գһķȥ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ͻˣͻƵǷ˱ϺĽѩˣǹѾܶˣڵнʱˡ
ŬѵҪκεиҶСһ仰һ߳ʧˣһ
ºħͻȻǰչΧǰĻܹĵ˲֣һҲǺԶطǳķ㡣
һϣλ󷨺ԵĵطϺĽѩΧĹѾʧˣһ⻷ӿÿһ⻷ӿϵϢǿἸ֡
ϵƾϵ·ȫȻΪޣǵĽҶСҰһš
ʱҶСûȥͣעͷı仯ʱƾ£ھ֮·һֻֻ͵ŭŻɢſֲѹһ򣬺ܶ˶оǻгƲѣһ͸ĸо
ŮΪͻƣ췣٣źƴ־
췣ҪȻ󷨵Ӱ죬¶ûаôž֮ϵĺƣҶСü
Ůܹɹ췣ó󣬽ŮϢȫأعΪŮѾƻָж췣ֶе׵ɣȻ򲻵ѣҶСǲֶεģֶζڶ췣֮˲ûкôҶСҲûкô
һعˣҶСΪͻƣ췣ʱή¿ֲĳͷ


1551 Ϊ
֮ϣīֳصúܶؿڷ£·Ҫе˽³ͷһ㡣
ҶС˫εӿŮһ̤˲˾һ֮ĺϡ
Ůλõƶ֮ϺƵλҲƶʱʱ̶̿ڼŮĶ
ڷñ̺̫ӴˣǵڣǵΪȻƣ·ֹһ㡣
ҶС̧ͷ֮ϵĺƣôȥͻƣ췣ȻǳǿԲܹһ𣬱÷ֿ
췣ʱһķΧڻ˵Ļ췣ӱ˻ǳ췣֮ˣԲһһô򵥡
ʱѾеҶС֪ܹڵˣһ죬һƥӿ۳һɴϵĽȫס
ܱˡҶСȥ˿ϵĿ⣬ȻĽѩһٹĵطͬ۳һɴĽѩסȻԶԶ뿪˵
ȻŮǶһж֪ע⵽ԼĽѾҶС翴ʱһ˪漣ķĨΣһꡣ
ĽѩȻҲ֪һҶСռ˴ˡ
ȻŮӵûö೤ʱͻָˣϾǰ췣Ҫġ
һȦȻŮϷЩȦȫǿƺͿֲ۳ĹâŻԵϢ
Ϊӵͬʱ֮ϵĺԽԽŨĽѩͷϵĺȣͷĺŨܶ࣬ؽ־Ҳǿܶ࣬⵱ȻΪԭ£˼ʮҶСȻܹĸܵõ
˵ΪֹͣˣĽѩΪֱʥ۷壬һ֮ܹʥغڣϵΪʥֱʥ۷塣
ǱĺôȻڵıҩûȫͷų񲻹ͷųһֶѡ
ڲǿعƬʥʱΪǷٵԶԶͬһ˦ں档
ꡭһˮͰһϸ׵ͷµ׵Ծ֮Ϲᴩ£·ҪƬ
Ƥеɫâת׵£ԡ׵У泩ûаĲʣ׵ڸǿȡ
췣ߵһֳͷҲǶߵһֿ飬ܹסˣһɳ죬Ϊǣܾס˻ɢʧƬա
췣ĵһ׵ǺǿΪһӦḶֲ́Ǻļ׵
ͷϣ׵µʱĽѩͷϹҲһ׵硣
ĽѩҲ׾ٵĶɹˡ
췣µ׵һһֲҶС˿Ҵעˣڿֲ췣ɥ
֮ϣ׵ź˵ƣÿһ磬ҶСĶ֮һ£췣ʱԶԶûڽš
ʱᵽԼ췣ʱŮеĸˣһֽĽź͵ǡ
䡭
һͬ첲һϸ׵罵£Ȼ׵֮һϸ˺ܶ࣬ȴǿĺܶ౶ĽѩͷϺƽµ췣
Ľѩͻ磬췣ǿޱȣ·Ҫһ㡣
Ѿǵǵ췣ˣȻǿ֡
ˡƵֲ׵£Ľѩֱӱһʯ콵䣬˺һ㣬Ϻӡ
һĻҶСĶΪĽѩİΣĲѣ֪ĽѩһУˣ֮ǣȻޱȣνĹҰɣ
һӰӺɳĽѩʱǱѣһͷں˳ֱĳ˽ɫޱȣɫе԰ףһĿǼ㣬һֺͺʫһľǿ
ѾͷĽѩû£ҶСķһЦ
ûͣãڶ׵ͽ׼ĽѩûбǾǿվں棬ܵˣСѾһѪҶСޱȡ
οأôҪ𣿡ҶС΢΢һ̾
ĽѩǿԱ˵ģֻҪٴν뺣ˮУһĻܹǹжƫƫҪһУΪѾͷ֪ԼһԿţҪǿҶС翴ǱһĻԭ
ʱȻգûвʣ׵ڸ壬˵µ׵ں档


1552 
Ľѩһ췣ٳδ·ʲôУߣоۼҶСܹܵһɾǿۡ
ͻȻ䣬Ȼһһ׹һûпʲôһָһϸȻͳĽѩͷݺݵȥ
䡭Ľѩֱӱǲɱġ
ʱⷽУƿɢתۼգղֺ˵ľ˲ʧ˸о·һһ㡣
ҶСӰһֱǱΧĻˮԶſɢѰĽѩټ
Ѿֻ֣Ľѩڿٵ½ɼղǵ׵̺дǿ
ͷһǰĺˮԶֿһ˲䣬ҶСͳĽѩǰһ˻УͬʱһĽѩڣΪˡ
ʱĽѩڵȵȶ׵ƻˣ˲ˣήҡ
ܵҶСů󣬽ԴҶСϣһֱɵСè䡣
ĽѩܿվգĽѩǱģҶСеۣȴӸЦˡ
һžòʱСèһ㣬һƬףһƬڵģ㷢ҲǼѣҪǱжǱֱǽȻͬˡ
ЦЦҾͲˡҶСϵЦݣĽѩĹĵĿҶС˵
ҲЦѵҪҿ޲ɣҶСΪĽѩ㷢Ƶ˵
Ϳޣһûп޵ӡĽѩҶС˵תһ룬ԼȷʵûмҶС޵ӣʱȤ
㻹Ҫҿް
ţղ˵ģҲûǿ㣬˿Ҫ˵㻰ʳԡĽѩԴĿҶС˵·ҪҶС޳ɡ
ҲޣϧҵѾˡҶСװһ˵˵
ˣ㲻Ϊĳ˶ɣĽѩС죬һԴ׵ӿҶС硣
ôأΪĳ˱ңҹҹ£ᶼˡ
⻰ĽѩĿһһҪŭӣûŪͺ½ۣ˼Ҷһܵʱ䣬ߡ˻
꣬ҶС˺һǸʱо綼ҪˣҶСְֺ޵ҶСͲܹһ𣿰ǴܹóҶС
һ仰ĽѩСǱҶСˣǺһЦãԼʣ
Ľѩɫһ䣬ŭĿҶС磬֣һƣҺܷ𣿡
ʣʣϣԵİװֵģԺΪһװֵĺӡҶСϽ˵Ϊ̿ǲԲע⣬ҪܵġŰˡ
ΪҶС绹ûжܹĽѩȻˣҶСĶšһ£Ѿͷˣ֪ҶСǿȴš׼˱ȽϺֵĶ
¡𶯣ռŤʱ콵µĳͷ
ҶС绹׼˵ʲôʱ򣬱һֲ׵ˣϵ췣Ҳ׶Ρ
ҶС粢ôģΪֻͻһ磬췣ӣοΪѾʥ۷ˣ췣˵õĶ칤ߡ
׵罵ȻվգˣһžգȻôı䣬һˡ
۾һ˫Ŀһбųǳɫļռ䶼·𶳽ˣƼΪˡ
֪ҶСڲԶͳҶСǰ
лִ˵ܱ鵭ĮҶСܹĵĸмϾԼȫˣǱҪͻƴﵽ磬ûʱ䣬԰쵽
ԼˣòſҶС絭һЦ˵
ʱͻȻüͷ˿СķȻٿ˿ħ½ķ򣬳ĬһʵѾˣ
ţٺһʱˡҶС˵ͷ˵Ȼ˵һ顣
ҲսšϿҶС˵һļᶨ
û⣬͵仰أҶСһڴӦ׼һ˰ʥʥĸȫߣѵһڴ͵սӣΪĿкܴİȻŮǲܹȥģϣԼŮаʧ
ҲҪȥĽѩһµ˵
У㻹Ҫǹǵĸݵأƣ赲סǵĽŲ˹ؼʱ̱Ҫ򡣡ҶСؿĽѩҪĽѩȥðգԲͬ⣬ҲԼһ˽ġ
С磬Ҹȥұ֤ңҲһ顣ҶС̬˵ļĽѩ֪ӲǲˣֻܳɱˣŮ˵СУ


1553 Ȩ
ҶСȻѾͲ׸ģĽѩôͬ⡣
ԲУ㲻ȥҶСᶨ˵ȻĽѩӣӣеӲĳܾˡ
С硭
С
ΪϽȥҲȥĽѩղŵ̬ȣĹĵĵҶС磬һ˵
ΪΪ̫ͣûԱ֮οһҪǧ˸𡣡ҶСĿĽѩ˵
ȥͲȥߡĽѩŤԴҶСΪҵ㷢ˡ
ҶСһ󷢿ࡣ
Ͻ㣬ߣһߡĽѩҲ֪Լʱ󲻼ѣϣһһȥ
ϿһҶС磬û˵ʲôȻĽѩ뿪
뿪ҶСҲصһڲ󷨣žǳĵݶȻûȫóɹе㲻ġ
λ壬ҶСһֲ·ʲôµҪһ㡣
ħĸ˵β̽ԵĹֻһӺħ徫ӢܹħûгĶþ֮ĵĻ»һֽϾѪӰ廹ǣס˻ڶ
ҶС粻òδѣ˵ãһΣĹͷͻΪϢ֮ء
Ϊ󷨵򣬲󷨵ٶҲԽԽ죬׼̵ʱڣݶСϵ󷨲ɡ
ƻʱҶСողһСϵ󷨣ո׼һСϵʱͻأ䣬ҶСĿһɿµϢӿС
ȻûдﵽΧƣҶСܹĸܵõ
ǵ񻹲ҶСӰ黯·ɳһ紵ɢһкûгֹˡ
Сϣͻأ䣬һӰһӰҶС磬һһٹѵսˣȻĿͶ
һңǱڵĳӣתۼ䣬ɢһɿֲƵĶҶСҰС
һ֣ÿһ˵ΪĶʥ֮ϣԼǧҡ
һĻҶСһʱ˼֣֪һ֧붼Ҫѵˡ
»ͦ󷽵ģȻܹóҶСȻҲ˵˶Ӻͼɵ
ǧл϶ʥһصصǿߣصĸֺ٣Ҫ֪صĹŸոȫָŴﵽĽ׶ΣߵĽ޵ġ
ٶȶܿ죬ϾǵѾŨ죬úʥΪĽ׶ξ͹ˣϾʥľ粻ͬҪһĸûдʱۺͶȻǸġ
һ֧ǰ˵пܻѵһ֧ŮӣŮӵұһɫս׵꣬ΪѾ˰غڣһ˿ƺһ˿Ĳ
鿴ҶС΢΢üϹˣʲô
Ԥе˵ʲô鷢
ҶС˫Ŀһ⣬ܻʲô鷢ֻҪǹϵԿ飬һġ
ȴһƬŮӺϹִڶֽСϡ
䡭
Сƾˣ·СҪˣҪ֪ǧʥһ𱬷ơ
Ϲɫս׵ͷ˿ҶС罫ĴĹмһͻ㡣
ҶС磬ϲˣһͨԺǧʥǿˣԺ㸺ˡŮǧһϴŵЦ˵
΢΢˶٣⣬ƶʮսŵսһְ͹Ϲͳˡ
˵⻰ʱɫе΢΢ĲÿΪõʮսŲȥû뵽ȴôһ֣ÿһսǲ̵ģϾԼѵս˵˾͹ˣÿﶼ᲻ܡ
ҶСЦһ˻Ǵĺ̰潫ҵ˿ǲҽһ֧ȫʥĶѵ˺Ҫ˶Ȩˣ
ӦòɣŮӺܲȷ˵һʼû뵽һ㣬ҶСôһ˵˹
Ļ˵˾ȫҶС統һʹãҶС˵ģһѵĿ
ҶС磬ʲô̬ȣµѵҪΥΪ཮ַΪ񰲾ҵֺӣѵ飬Ȼ󽻳ȨôѵΪ𣿡Ϲɫ˵·ԼΰˣһΪӣα


1554 
ϹһΪռ˴壬һΪȫӣʵ˽ȫûпҶСĸ˸ܡ
ҶСѵĶȻȨȥ൱ڣŴ󽫾ǰսסֳֳǹɱУѪҺȾսףȡʤǣҫǷ⡢ʹͶˣ󽫾п϶᲻ġ
ͬԼѵĶҪ˽ˣкܲζ
ȻôҲΪ˲һ֧Ϊ˽˵Ķ飬ôһҶСһǣԼѵһ֧ǷҲᱻջأҶСǲ˼ҵӣ
һ֧Ȼʥǿߣж붼ǻĸˣɢ޺٣ҲԤʾҶСһ֧ƿʼմﲻĵز
ΪȫࣿǺǣ㾹Ȼ˵⣬Ϊ㲻ļһЩˣѵƫƫҪҸոѵЧĵʮսţ㰲ʲôģǲǼӵ֤ܣҶС˫Ŀʵ
㡭ҶС磬ʲô˼ѵҪΥϹʵ
˼ðת棬ҶС粻һɵӣֻѵ飬Դﵽ˽˵ĿĻҶС˳ˣһԼķʽԿ塣
ҶС硭˼鶼湲ͬ۳ģҲرһģǶԵĴŮȰ˵
Ȱ˵ˣȻǿڿ˵Ϊ࣬ҿ˽ĸأʵѵҲûʲôҾѵĶԸңʲôر޻̸֮һ֧УʮսУжٸ塢ˣܹȫ˵ˣǾǽҵɵӡҶСЦһһ˲ʧ
ҶС˲ʧŮӰϹһһʱҲû⣬벻ҶСһС
±ϱ棬˲ûŮ˵Ȼϴŵĸ߿Ƽֱϰһ£ͺϵղŵ档
ŮϵǸҲʶԣϽϱټһģȻûһܹѵҲҶСԿúܶгһֱ֮С
ϹȻҶСмΪˬ֪أҶСľ˳Ļ˿ɾʧһš
뿪ƬռҶСһڣվտŵڵСϵ
һڶݶȵСϣľïܣθӣɽȵȣ̬ЩҶСģ޳ȺϴѪϢֿ񱩣·ԶŴޡ
ЩҲҶСץģⶼΪ˸
ʱСϣʮѧԱдҶС粼˽յ󷨣һֶԾ̫ߣ˵շˡ
һʱ䣬ҶСĵ˵ͷһʱĲ鿴ѧԱǣһּΪãʮ㣬ǶΣյĲ֪սе˺ܶ౶
ԴˣҶС缫Ϊ⣬žһѵһٵĳɳΪԿĺ
ŷǧĽѩ˵Ĺ£ѧԺƶϸ񣬽ͷһΪƵĵزչŮ˵Ĳ߻£ѧԺѧԱǽܿ죬Ϊڼٵʱ󷨵Ĵڣ׿׿ˣıֳ
һȻὫõԴЩչܿУѧԺҲ⣬ӸܹѧԱڲľٽǵΪٵ
ҶС˫ĿȥСһɽ嶥˵ŷǧɫҽһҽĴ磬㷢΢ᵴ˫Ŀǻ۵ĹâЩѧԱ
ʱһǻŮ񣬵šׯַˣҶСһȣν䣬˲ŷǧߡ
ҶСͻȻ֣ŷǧŤͷĿͶҶС磬ҶСһʵ£
ǻ۵Ůܹ˵Ķֹп˿Ķ
ҶС˵ͷȻ󽫸ղŵ˵ŷǧ˵΢΢̾һ
Ƕ˽ģǼΪ๱׳ԼֲȨƣ˲İ취ڣӦܹ˵һЩŷǧ˵
Ҫô࣬ɽǰ·ܻнİ취˵˲ôɣԾĹǱҶѾˣźܶ˶Ϊ˵ûġ
ţסҶС˵ͷĸô꣬ȷʵ񰡣һ齨һ֧мǸˣǳҵȨ⣬ǵĺ󱳴ѧҶСԳһЦ
ҲûʲôֻҪǲҵɵӣΪ࣬һҲ޷


1555 
ҶСղ֮Ժԥת뿪˵ĸ߲һǲ뽻ʮսţ֪ѵһ֧ȫʥǿߵĶǲǻԸջأĻȷʵûбҪ뵽ˡ
Ҫѵķ˵ǲΪ࣬һרдһѵ̵ģķĻ̫ˣ̫ʧˡ
˼ϵšͼƬ濴˵Ǹˣһ鷢ġŷǧҶС˵
֪Ȼ˵鲢һ˵㣬Ľôò˶೤ʱͻ֪
ԼΪοС磬ģҺѩᾡѵǵˣȻͶսСŷǧᶨ˵
ҶСŷǧʱϹһ֧ʥǿߵĶСϢ˵ʮսǰĶʱһĨ⡣
ڵʮս˱ŷǰеӿȵ˵顣
һ֧Ķ飬Ϲ治òѵҶСȷʵһףǸһʱҲѵôһ֧顣
ȷʵǸ˰ȴңôһ֧ڣкħǰһǸصĴۣһҾܹˡϹ
뵽ϾͲɵ¶Ц⣬ǴЦݣҶС翴ˣº޲˦ơ
Ϲ潫̫򵥣Ҳ̫ƲҶСˣΪҶС粻ѵȽҶСʤΪѵһ֧ǿĶ飬һ˶飬ҲܹҶСһ
شˣһ֧鲻жôľҪںָԱҲͳ˧һͳ˧ƨϹָӣһ֧жôǿ󣬿µҪȫ
Ϲ潾ԴĻһεսУ»ὫҶСѵһ֧ܵһɶ
ͣ¡Ϲ˫Ŀһɨ˵صƬء
ȻƺƴȻѹסѵսƣƺ;֮ϵǶſµĶ˭С
ѵս˭û·˿һ㣬ľҶС磬ûҶСͬ⣬Ƕͣ
սδսܹǱȫĶܹѵ
һĻϹɫѿޱȣ˫Ŀŭȼգǰշһ֧飬û뵽տʼ⣬˼ҸͲ
Ϲ˶ˣ˶װûǵʮսϹҲҴӦ±ΧĶǹӡ
ͣ£ûУϹٴκһƾ˺Ҳû
ϹɫԽԽѿã˫ĿųɨһˣѵΥ𣿸Ͻͣ򣬾ȫˡ
дŻƿͷƶȣĻ˵οʮսŵ˶һսĹƾһ仰ȥĻ˵ĺ¶˶Ƴȥ
ʱʮսŵǡýսϣϹĻһ
ģ˵һ飿
㣬ȻҪȫˣð𰡣ҵҪô˽
Դˮˣĸа
ûϹ淢һһááܹɫɫΪʡ
ôȥֻһ죬ʮսУкܶͣ˵һЩ죬ܹùĻֻȡ衣
ȻôҲջǱסˣϹһ˵áȫΣĿһɨ˵ʮսսҶС类룬һսӽԺ󣬵ʮսŵսΣϣܹúúϣͬ
٣˵ʲôҶСսҪˣòϹİɣ
䣬ĵˡ
У⻰˭أ
ϹĻû˵һáɵĳӿ˹ɱɱȺϵǿˣȻ˵϶˵ţл˼֣ϾûǸ˸ΥƶȣٴĿ޷ڿ飬ҶС뿪
һѵʱˣᵽҶСĲѧţܶ˶ķ۷ˣսֵݣָսʹ֮۵ӣӡÿ˵УǶףǴεսȫҶС磬ҶСָӵõǿ¾Ҫȫˡ
᲻ҶС뿪ǻҶСսħ壬ɱķúħ¡


1556 Цݻ
಻ϵϣϹ涼ˣңΪһݺò£أԸЩ˼ֱսһҪۡ
֪ˣˣϹֵʮսŵ飬Ƕ˹ϵŵӵսš
Ϊӵսź󣬺ͺħսܹ޼ɣնɱˣǸʱϵҫϵĹ£˵룬δûкսˡ
ȷʵҲΪ룬뿴ǵкܶ඼ʥµΪҶСѵأһսжܹ˱Ϲ治òԼƢǿѹĵΪ˽͵
С⻹һôĵĺ˵
˶Ĭˣ¶һ˿ɻϹɫһϲץס˵Ϊ˸ܹõѵرһ֧飬鶼ʥ֣һ룬ʥ־ѵ󣬻ᷢӳӦܹõΪ˲ҶСģΪ࣬ǶҪ
гһ˿ĲᣬҲϹ˵Ķʵһͷɥģһûɵӣ·Ƕʧ꣬ʧ˾֧һ㡣
Ϲϲɵ¶һ˿ϲɫίһҲûʲôྡ
·ѾԼָһ֧ںħĶдɱķ龰뵽ϵЦݸŨˡ
ܹ֮õؿԼеģǣϹԼ̫ˣڸ㶨ļһɵеˡ
治ˬͻȻƳϹϵЦݣвɵŭʢ
Цëֵ
ҶСսĶ飬ҲԸŹȥһ뵽ǸУ㣿ҪǵսŶûС
Ƿ
ϹЦݻ£һ˷˻𣬶뽫еĲйϡ
˵жжһѸٵİںƣʮսŵˣһΪߣڳ˹ŹֵƣӸ߿տĻͻ֣ᷢڳƣ;֮ϵıǺ޲λã̺İ
Ȼ䣬ϵһ䣬ȫû˸ղŵǷϣһƴʢһƬ߹ɿµƳɢһƥᴩ߹ƴ
䡭𶯣ռŤⷽռе·һ㡣ֹᴩأͨʷӵɢ
һٶ׵ϹֱӱƷ˳ȥ˵˶ĵطͣĳڷɢ俪ڵˣһַ糾ŮӵζΪǱ
ɫѿ˼㣬ϿֲɢɫԲʮ֮һƬ죬һնҪȼһɹ֮г֣̫ˡ
Ϲ˫ĿѾ˻ɫϸȥĻͻᷢӷ·ȼŵ΢Ц棬Ϊˡ
ɷϣϹѾŭˣĻƢѹסˣ׵ı˳
ʱֻһͷǾǺݺݵĽѵһٵʮսŵˣ֪³ʲôĶܲˡ
ģȻֵ֣ǣʶʶһ£սʮսһ˺е
Ҳû׼֣ŻŻϹ棬˾ͳˣû뵽ȻǰӲģ˭˭˶ôġ
ʱʮսУÿ˵Ķһ𣬲ҶСָӣȻ䶯ͣһڶд壬˲Ϣ
ÿ˵ƶ켣Ϊ·عıһ㣬ͻȻ䣬ޱȵɫ谵ǳ֣貵Ĺâ
֮ϣǳҫЩǳ֮˺ܶ࣬Ҹתۼ䣬ǸĻ
ⱱǳֵĵطȻλãޱȡ
콵ϹһĻͻȻɢһЩָ˺ܶ࣬Ͽ֪ԼԶǵʮս˵Ķ֡
ٶȳУҲ޼£ظܵս˽ܵϣǵʮսŵרſһڣȻУҽ룬·ֻҪ룬һɿµΰܹĥɻҽ
ʱѾչˣҪ֣ǾԼԼˣ飬Ųϣòȥ
һơϹһǰ߳һһȦȦɫâˮĲһӣƣ֮涼һ㺣ˮˣֱӻΪ


1557 ҵϹ
Ϲ죬·ǻȫɫâ֣һƴȫ۵һУſµ
ϣһֻ޴Ļ۳ɵƾγɣڸأ֮·һռе
ƺݺݵӿ˹ȥͷ·Ҫʮսŵȫһ֮¡
СŮӲпֲ˲䣬չ鿴ŶһĻʱн
ͿôԵʮսŵ˶أѵ֪ǸսŵŮ΢΢е㽹ͺħսڵʮսŵᣬ˵һϹ棬ǶʮʮҲǵʮս֮˵Ķ֡
ȥֹѾˣϾϹѾˣ赲Ļ˵ͻᱻϹĹ͵ʮսŵĹм䣬ɻҽֻùҪҲΪ
һһСϣҶСӺıŷǧԴǡܹļһҸгĻ档
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫ĿâǰĿռ䶼΢΢Ķǹҳһ˿ЦѾԽռ俴ϹֵǸ档
ôС磿ŷǧɻʵ
ûʲôǺǣиˡҶС絭һЦ˵
ҶСĻŷǧеɻˣ֪ʲô顣
ҶС絭һЦȻŷǧ˫лĹ켣·Ƿһ㣬ռ΢΢ӿǰĿռ·𱻴һ㣬һų֣ϹԿʮս֮˵ͼ
ҶСֶͨΣŷǧԴĸˣĳҶСΪһҲ˵ҶСΣķоͶһ˿Ļᡣ
ȻҶСΪѾϺܸˣǺЩܶܶ࣬ΪҶСŮ˵ȻǳҶСİο
Ҫ룬úÿȥܵŷǧӵҶС˫ֱϸ䣬˵
䡭֮ϣһһǻ۳ɵĹ£һߵǻγɵĹʮս˶
ʱʮս˷·һǻ۳ɵĳ£ǻУݣϵƶ˼֣Ϊ·˺ܶ౶
սܹ֮γɵΪãÿ˵ʵ
ںƺǻԵɢɫâǴɫףÿ˶䲻
ͲϱãǻԽһռ䶼ػֻ޴ĻֱǻγɵĹĻϣĻ΢΢ƽĺУͶһöСʯӣ˷ȦȦ⣬ûʲôӦ
һĻϹһᵽ˵ʮսŵǿ
ģҴ򲻹ܻ𣿡ϹǳƵ˵ռ΢΢׼뿪
Լκβ˵ʮսţٳȥȡˣھʹȥһʱٻӿԱܱܷͷ
ܣϽ֣һҪһѵҪȻ֪Լʲôмء˺
⻰ʮսУϹ֮ɫʱʲô˵Ҫ˵ˣܻ⵽ΧֵǵϮƤǱȻġ
Ϲո˺ռ䣬׼˲ߣʱ͵ı䶯ֲǻ۳ΣǾ޴ޱȵȭͷһ㣬ֱӺ˹ȥ
ǿµÿռ𶯣ˮ
䣡
µǻ۳ɵȭͷ˸ոϹոմԽĿռλãƬռֱӱˣµᴩ˹ȥ·ſռͨ׷ȥ
һҽǳңȻϹȻֶǺзִģǸһѵҪһǿԶնɱ壬ҲԸⱳһڶ
ãʮ⣬һռ΢΢ǡһѷγɣһӰ˳ݺźȥʣϹ档
ءϹһöڵһ㣬ſµĳ˺
ѾϹ棬ʮսŵȫƣͱ任䣬γͣͣͱȽ⣬ôϸ񣬱ͼָܹܹЧֹ˵Ľ
ҶСսڸǵսȷʵ
治֪սԴлװжս󡣡
ôҶҪսˣҾԲҶСսĲܡ
Ҳǣʱ򣬴뿪¼뵽ҶСսڵĶС
¸ëëõģأûͨ
˷׷۵ʱϹããгʱǱѣӼһƽˣǺļͷˣ߹˶˺üҪжҡ


1558 ʼ
ϹӣСŮ΢΢һ̾ĵֿԡ
Сһ֧˶ʥǿ¶ĹâȻһЩҲ¶˷ŭĿ⣬Щ˶Ϲˡ
ԶһҶС翴ϹһӣһЦû˵ʲôһжҵģһʼڵʮսŵ˻ʱѡ뿪ͲˣϧѾˡ
һܵĳͷġһϹɨһ۵ʮսŵˣǱȥ
֪治Ϊ¶ȥͷˣϾڣô˵һ̨£Ҫӻ֣á
εεΡҹĻٵʱСŮĸ߿Ƽֱεεε
һ˿ŮӰһťڶϵĽѾˣһ仰ͿԸıҶСĶ
°ť˲䣬һɫĹâֱװĸ߿ƼƷӿɫâһ׹ۣγһӰһӰӮӰɫۣϾζצݣֱ˼ĵ
Ϊûжãƣ·ߡ
ҶС磬õģԺһ֧鶼ͳ죬һҪ⣬ʲôõѵóǲġɫâ۳ɵӮĿдſ͸²ɣΰ
ϣӰʧˣŮϣ߿ƼƷɢĹâҲʧˡ
Ůһ׼ѰҶС磬ǣתһ룬ʱ֪ҶСвɵмֽ
ˣ̫ϳϺҶСʶһ֪ҶСټܿŮӾ뵽һͷӰʧȪС
һһϣﻨҶïභޡܰƮ̲ïܣޱߣͷǵǳһƽľ
УһŮڲݵΰĴ˶Ϣ
ԻΪԺҹΪȷʵһȤ
һŮҶСŷǧ
ڶŮӣ֮ϵҲڻⷢŮϵĿ˵ǵһΡ
ҶСûҪڻ⣬žˣ˵һεѣǱһĻ
ŷǧǺͬ£ҶСļȰ˵ʹУջͬˡ
ȼյΪ֮ʱͻȻһҶС𣬡ѵһ֧µĶ飬Ժ󲻻ٱְǻ׼һѵķлرġ

ҶСһһкǧڵõ㡣
˵㣬ܲܲôû˵ҵҸҶСƵ˵
ߣһɢȥˡ
ҶСһԺû뵽Ȼ⻹ǵһΡ
ղôˣ˭˵һŷǧ˫ֻһŶɬʵȫһСŮûǻŮӡ
ղ񡭡ҶСЦЦ˵˵꣬Ͼ¶һ˿Ĺ֮ɫͻȻ䣬뵽һǳص⣬ǾԼǱ񿴹ˣ
һҪҶСΪί롣
´Ƭ̺󣬴·ҶС罫ŷǧ͵ǸСϱȥ
ȪУһõĺ嵭ķڣҶСš
ԺõģȻѾô˵ˣôǾͲԼԼˣǴӮ˵ġ񵭵˵
ôӮҶСɻĿʵ
֪ʲô
ʲô
ʼĹ˵ȥĻһԾŶǴһ㣬ǲҷڵģⷴɡ񵭵˵
ʼûⲿҶСҡҡͷȷʵûⲿ
ʱʱһĹֺ˲ͬ˶ǿɣӵһأļ˻ģ߽ΪҪԾѹһУһ֮ѹԼڵߣطȣԷ¡
ַҵУȷʵǸߣӿԴԼĽٵķչҲܹЧķֹս䣬Ĺȷ˳ûսʮãԴ
Ȼûս˵ûìܣѹѾõìʼնҪģһֶսʱĹȣһҹķѣͿ̿عˣҲ޻֮ˡ
ĳ֣ƽķչꡭ
ĻҶС簵զ࣬Ǹ˻ţ߶һȺأ֮ˣܹһ֮ѹһеߣ˵żΪΪмΪ˸


1559 Ϸ
ʲô֣ҶСѯʵ
Ӯۡ
ȻûмˣǴУҶС͸ܵһ־£ɽӣѹ˻ĵƣ·־һֽɣܹ
֪жôĿ£ʱ콾ʵ̫ˣÿһ˶ͨ쳹صɽֻժǳͲڻ£Ϊֲ˿һعֻּ仯֪жôǿ
ӮйϵҶСʵ
пӮ۵ĺᡣ˵
ˣǾͰ˼ɣһ֧ȫǸĶ飬Ҫѵʹ֮۸ͲܡҶС΢΢ҡͷ˵
ҲרɵĶ飬ôΪ˷ֹҲ޿ɺǣ˭ϣտµĶ顣
һа취ġһҶС硣
ܹʲô취ǾϵĶܶ࣬ϵھӲܹõƿǣվǳ֮ƣԼֵµ˳֡ҶС̾һ˵Ǽᶨ
Ѿע⣬ڿʼ𣬾ҪѧԺЩѧԱսǴڿʼͽܣսʱֻҪ΢ѵ¾Уڵܻæ
ʲô飬ҡֺĿ⿴һҶС硣
ãʵʲôʱܹͻƣҶСʳΪĵ⡣
ꡣ˼һ£ҶСһ𰸡
ǾͺãǸʱǾͶһĸˡҶС¶һ˿ϲɫ
ø˵̫ˣ½ʱϢкܶĸֶѾα񾳵ż˶೤ʱͻͻơ
ѵǻͻƲɣҶС粻ŵ˵
˵һҸͻƣعĲƣֻܹͣǸ粻ܹͻƣڲϵĻۣνعѾָǾпڶʱͻƣﵽα񾳡˵
ҶСֽȸиǿˣҲٵΪվеѶȣϾһһϦ飬Ҫ˵츳ҪʱĶѻҶСϾʱ̫ˣ˵ûʲôۣҪڶʱڴﵽһµĸ߶ȣȷʵ൱ѡ
ôˣɻʵ
ûʲô룬ʲôʱſͻƣﵽǸ硣ҶСĿ˴⣬¥ãһµƼôûûоƼֻעǧ󣬿ƼԶࡣ
ΪٶѾˣʱĿƼʱٶܹƴ޼ҪżΪɻľĸ꣬˳Ȼɡο
ллҶСм˵һ
ô
漴˳Ĭһ˺ܾã񿴵ҶСû˿Ҫ뿪˼ڲͣĴԼ̲סʵô뿪
ڵҸ𡣡ҶСϴһ˿Ц˵
𣿡΢΢üɻʵ
͸ղŵ飬ղ㽫ҿˣҵ࣬Ⱦ㿴ȻҪҸˡ
ô𣿡ıȻûκεı仯ȴںݺݵҶС硣
֪ͶŮ˻ˣȻ˵ʲô࣬ʲôȾƤ񰡣ʱʱҲûмƤôˡ
ҶСװһ˼ӣƬ̺󣬿Ĵһ񣬡㻹òķϣҳԵͰȢˣ㿴ô
ҶСԵĵϷǷǰңغϤˣƢ뿪ССЦοܹо仯һвԾܹʱĸ
⻰һ£Ϸɳһ˿ĺϼĺз·첨ˣƽ
塢߹ʱΪǸʱûһӸҶֲѷᱡȻЩǾԲ˵ҶСԵĳԵϷ
ǷǰԻὫҶСĵȸˣһ̫࣬ÿŮǰҶСĻܡ
ȻȴôҲ²ȥ֣ܵ˰ޱ˼Ӱɣ
⻹ǵһα˵Ϸмŭмбų⣬ֱҶС۾ֱֱĿҶС磬ģ
ҶС׼˵ǿЦģٶǵ˵ͷġ
ǺãҴӦ㣬Ҫһĸ顣
ҶСпһ£ֻȥΧŮӶֿɣ᲻ã㶯֣նһԵһ˰ˡ


1560 
˵仰ʱ򣬿棬˫ĿеγУ쳣һĻᶯֵӡ
ӣҶС绹һôĻЩŮһѲˡ
ҶСǿһЦϽ˵ǧҵԸҲ֪ȻΪһŮ˶Ůˣ͵û˵ղֻ
Ժֻ˵˵Ҿ͵ˡһҶС磬Ȼ˫Ŀ
Ժ󲻻ˣˡҶС˵һ䣬Ͻ뿪·񷴻ڣնɱߵЩŮӡ
ķ뿪ҶСһĵԺٺЦˡ
ҶС뿪˫Ŀ¶һ˿޵Ц⣬һȻҶҵϷǵ󡣡
ãã򣬵ʮսȻѵǴսʼѵһֱ任ս󣬺ƴƲӿһռƱá
ͣСŮӺһ֧ʥֵĶ鶼о˵ʮսѵƣǾĸţ鿴ľ
ĸһеһ֧¶鿴ֺ˵ľһʵ˺ܶ࣬еİʱ֪սȻ˿¡
Ǿã˹ȥԸʮսţ¶Ұܶ顣
ҶСѾ˵ŬҲмֵĲᣬΪ࣬Ҫһ֧ѵõĶ顣
Ѿһ֧¶ͼˣ׼ѵһ֧Ժǿ飬˵ȵٽʱֵס֧Ԯ
ʥǿߣѵнٶȿ϶ӣǲʵġ
ҶСҲףʮսŵ֮ôŬڸǵļ֣ǵùǲҶС뿪һ֧顣
ѵʱûм죬ڸ˵Ķ㹻ѧϰܳܳʱ䡣
΢΢̾һҶС֣˵ʮսǰʱʮսŵ˶ҶСĵҶС˲䣬ÿ˶ȫѵǿֲƶʱٴȻࡣ
۳˳
ѵҶСжһ˵˺֮ĹϵദĹദ֮ʱоʲô뿪˲ͻúܲϰߣ·ʲôĶ뿪һ㣬С
սѵ󣬾֮ϵǳָԭҹĳţղŵ貹âȫȥ
˶ָͣ˻սսվÿ˶ĿͶҶС硣
ҶСҲĿͶˣһһϸȥ·ҪǼУĬһúҶС˵ӦҲ֪ɣûвɢϯҪ뿪ʮսˣȥѵһ֧ˣϣԺܹúѵսл´μǵʱҲϣȱ˭
սǲ뿪
սɣһŬѵġ
ս߰ɣһͬȥѵһ֧顣
ж¶˲֮ɫһɫÿ˶ϣҶС뿪
Ļı飬ҶСжһʹ࣬ȥʹ࣬ò뿪ⶼΪࡣ
ҶС̧֣һƣ̶ͣȷǳãĬ֪ҶСл˵
ֲˣʲô᲻뿪֮뿪Ϊ࣬Ƕ֮ˣкܶһֱҵʮٱϰ꣬ǧ꣬ѵ㶼͸𣿡ҶСװһ˵
ˣҪһһ˵ЩԺúѵֻһҪϣÿ˶ţ⣬һÿһʱǰǵѵȣ˭иĻٺ٣Ҷè
ЦЦмֵ˸УмֵĲᡣ
ʮƫ˵ЦֹͣҶСĿһɨ˵
ǣսʮ˵룬Ǽ˲ҶСǰվƶվ
ʮ˵ӣҶС¶֮ɫʱȷʵùˡ
Ҵǰ˻ġŹʮһԪսЩ󷨣ߺǽЩսһȥҪѭ򽥽ܹһȫ꣬ÿһսֻгպ󣬲ܹһսûУ
սһŬѵġʮͬ˵֪ҶС뿪ѾܹƿصˣΨһıŬѵ
ҶС˫ĿεĹâųʮָʮʱӿǵüģղ˵Щսȫڸʮˡ
Լһӵʱ䣬ҶС紫ˣ˫֣һۣȥ


1561 ĵֿ
ҶС뿪ʮսŵҶСոڵĵطþòгŨŨĲỹе˻
ҶС磬ܶжһ˿𾴣ҶС䣬ֻҶСǷ޴սҪȻںͺħսĹУ¸ʣ˼ˣοȡʤһҫ
뿪ҶСӰСϣҶС絽ŮҶСߣа취ǽ뿪ʵͽˣȻȥˣϹ汻ǴˣҲûΪǵսˣ˵ɳˡ
ҶСֻص˵ͷû˵ʲôҶС²ѣŮӾȥˡ
ɵһ֧˶ĿͶҶС磬ÿ϶ɢŲͬ
ȴƬ̣ҶС翴˿ǧˣ˵ߡ
˵󣬾ȥٶȺûôռΪ˸
ҶСɵ˾СϷһǧľʱͣһҲһǧҶСܹظܵСһ
ӵʱ䣬ȫˣɵĶ˵ǱȽģһʼҶСѵʮսǰĶҪö࣬ʱǽܹͳһѵ
ҶС˫Ŀкޱ飬飬ޱȵ׺ݣĿһɨ˵ҲǸȻ뵽飬еһԱеģԼݣԼĹȥ¿ʼʲôìܲѵһ£ķھͿԹˣ𣿡
ܡӦ˺٣Ҳ߰䣬Ͳ롣
ǲǣôһûУ»ش𡣡ҶСɫܲÿ
ܡε˺ܶ࣬ɲߡ
ʲôʱܹԼľһȫʱĻֹͣҶС˵
ܡܡܡ˲ϵĺûߣӵͳˣһ˪ӵӣ·ûгԷһ㡣
ĶԿкܶ˲ҶС˳ľʹһ֧飬רŸҶС⡣
ϵҶСȫ֪Ǻܶ¶ֻ֮ɫһôӣе¶֮ɫ
Ǵḷ́ڣΪԼôԿҶС粢˵ҶСǷǸʱеһл˵㡣
·ȫҶС統ʳôֶԡ
ʱҶСǰ·һתȥʲôӲźһȺүǣڶþԵķƷ
һҶСȻѡ뿪ӱܣ͵ǶЩ˸ȼҪЩһ̵Ľѵ
˵ԽԽӵʱ䣬ֻȼˣҶС¶һ˿Цû˵ʲô
ʮӵʱ䣬ûһ˺Ƕպ˫Ŀһ²ؼӣ·ͲҶС
ҶСվգ̧һţǰ߳һ
䡭һɿµϢӿϵܣ·̴˲񷣬ᴩ˹Žʷӡ
ΧʮڵĿռ𵴲ѣһһŤ˿ɣΧԲ˺ѳƬ
ռֹͣ˲֮ʱҶС缸һˣ˷·ǵӰǲһ㣬Ŀܹϴ
ʱֻҶС˫ⷽռвϻʱʱѸ·ڽһݡ
ؼӿƺƵ·һӴ޾մֱ£Ǿӵա
Щ޾֮£ҶС˫ֵĻһöһСĹ˳ǰķĶƽṹʱķṹԵùǳ
У˵˶˫ĿһУҪҶС羿ҪʲôҶС繴ķһ·ʲôҪһ㣬ȴ²Ȼ
ȻǸţûţôˣѵһҶС粻ɣ
ڼÿһܹ϶ʮӵʱ䣬þãҶС繴ʮö͵ķģʮöĲûкһѹܣΧҶС粻ת
ʮö֮һɵϵǻĹ켣Ϊ·Ŵĺۼе
УһЩ˾ͨ󷨣ǿЩģһͷˣǴûмͷģһΧŹ֮ת죬ޱȵĹ졣
ѵҪʲô²ɣЩ󷨵
һЩΪоҶСѵսϧоͨ󷨵˶˹ãҪ֪󷨴ʦÿһϡһϡǶ˹˵ǶҶСĿء


1562 ӡΪ
˵ɻУҶС˫ĿбųĹâڰҹ·Ƿǳһ·Ƭա
˫һΧʮöͷĸӿٵתӿ·ǳһ㣬ӿȣЩȫʮöͷС
ÿһöĶɢһâҶС֣ҶСϵϢĪ⣬·ʱĸ֣ΪΪۣĹ⻷ҫ䡣
һµĹ켣ҶС˫лۿɼҶСн֯
תۼ䣬һööΪϸСķγɣЩıƳ״ÿһǰС
Ϊĵã״ĵٶȿ˺ܶ࣬һӣܹš
ҶС˫ڲڻǺܹĿҶС磬ǲ֪ҶСҪʲôĵܱأǾͨ˵ҲܹȫףοĶһȺʲô
ʱúܿ죬״ķ۵Ҳ죬תۼ䣬ⷽƮ״ģڰҹͬǾ֮ϵǳҫۡ
Ѥõıȴɱ
ҶС˫ֹͣ˻ʮöķ·һ㣬ޱȣȫû˸ղŵѤá
ҶС΢΢Ϣһ£һͷʮöȫ飬Ϊ˵âɢУǲ̻
ĿͶƯھ֮һ״ģ¶˸ĪЦ⣬ᣬǴ˵Ļͻ֣ᷢЩ״ĵǵȻȫһ£ʣ϶Ըǵġ
ʱ˵עȫоĵİϣͽˡ
⡣
ҶСһ֣˫һռεĲɢƯھ֮ϵ״һööΪһҫ۵Ĺâ·һ꣬ٶȿ𾪡
ݡâ£ȫ˻˼ŷĵİʱȫڣϸֵҲ赲ס
ҶСޱ飬һĻ
ʱ˵ɫΪ֮һ䣬ǸоԼյȻʧˡ
һС
ô£
ҶС磬ʲô
ѵǸղЩģ
ৡһ˶׷״е䣬վںϣһɫѿޱȣʱǶˣôԵˡ
ҶСվվӸµĿˣĮ飬ǵΪҷסˣֻһ˿˿ںվʱޣӵʱ䣬ǵĺĻǾͽ뺣ˮУΪЩʳɣ
ҶСĻ˲鿴ȥȻǵĵﱻһ״ķסˣͲܶʱ䣬һɫ࣬м֮ɫ
ҶС磬ҾͲȫնɱǣ˹ʵ
ʲôҵģǶͽ๼οûɱǣԼˣǵҺθɣҶС˵
ҶСĻһɺ⣬̹ǵĺ⣬ͷ·ǵ˺£˶͸͸ˡ
ƨǶǻĸˣôͽأٸǿ۸ñˡиִ󺰵ʱҪѾˣֻͨͽŭй
ǸˣֻҪĶͽˣ˵ʲôħͻ֣ôʱ䣬ѵѵΪĵѵѵ֮ܳΪͽ𣿡ҶС䣬ġ
һʱ䣬ƿԣǸҲʲôҶСĻڸʱʦ˾յ˲ֵĸ紫£ҶСʤЩÿֻ֪ļһôҶСĶأ
ô˵ǶͽûǷ㣬⡣ã˷˵СĲ㡣
ҶСûᣬ·Ǹû仰һ㣬һ˵ķӵʱˡ
ҶС磬㲻ôԴǣǼǲŹġ
Ҫһ֧飬˵ҶСε˵ãҿһûˡ
ԣҪһ֧飬⿪ǵķӡ
˴ţһǷŭı飬ӣ·ҪҶСˣǣûǸ
ɣӡǶǵĳͷЩĵҲáҶСɫƽ˵
ߣΪһ˾ɣ
ߡ
һ˽̤ȥʱĸ˸һͬȥ˶ԥУǶģҶС罫һ֧ѵһ֧ӾͻȥģҲ̫ûˣοѵҲΪࡣ
ԥʮˣһǶˡ
þûжˣҶС翪ʵûҪ뿪
ѧգȥˡΡдȥ


1563 п
˶ĬȻǵɫÿȴû뿪ԵĶ࣬Ƕʮһ㷢Ƣȥ
ܺãǻʶԼľжôȷҶС絭һЦЦȴޱȣкֱð·ʲôµҪһ㡣
ʱҽԶ˲ԾضĿͶ˹ȥֻղ뿪ǶʮˣǴһѣѪҺ
ءһ׷ױѣѪɫƮȻ£ܾԶȻŵһѪζ
ҰһЩ˵ĲΪҶСԲնɱǣǶˣҶС׺˭Ҫޡ
һЩ˶ڰңҿԼûһʱͷԷ뿪ҪȻǳѪУͻԼѪ
๼½·ңԶ²ǵ½أְʱͻȥǸʱ򻹲Ҫι㣬ˮ󺣱ʳҳȫǡҶС絭һЦ˵˵
ȻҶСЦ˶ûиоͰů֮ŨŨĺ⡣
һԺܲķҵͻȻ䣬ҶСϵЦĿһɨʵ
ܡ
أȦȦӣ
ܺãһΪĶһȺǣǵҲܴҶСЦ˵
˶໥ʱΪΪ⣬ܲͬ
ˣ˸ǣҲķӡĶûܹ⿪һӡͻǵڵһ£ǾͱըˣǶԸ⿴鷢ɣ
СĻ˸УжҶСǧ飬˲ֻܹܱ
ˣѵѵĹ˭͸ղЩһҲҵĶгͽɢġҶС˵˫ֻһεӿÿ˵жӿһ
һ㷴ûУ֪ҶСҪ֣綼ˡ
ҽ⿪һǵķӡֻܹӳصʵѵʼҶСûи˷Ӧʱ䣬ֱӸѵʱ俪ʼˡ
ҶСѵһ֧ķ͵ʮսŵķһģһûиʲô⻯ҪĵȻǽֳɼСˡ
Щ˶ǸģҶС罫ȫңһСӣ˶ʮ顣ÿ鶼һƫһȻҲСӣÿһֳ˾ŸСӡ
ʹǰһҶСȽսڸ˶ʮƫȻѵһ˦ƹģֱʧⷽա
ȻȻʧ˵ܹõ
ҶС뿪ֻεԼѵΪҶСͲںǣ
ԽԽǼǲͷһ̿ѵ
ҶСѵһ֧µĶʱŮʱʮսŵˡ
ϹѾصˣȻǽòŻȥģȻ˵Լ뵣սˣԭȻû˵ǵʮսŵ˽ˡ
Ѿ֪˴£ڼȻϹû˵ЩҲû˰̡
˺ܾöû뵽һʵѡΪʮսŵսֻܹŮʱԹ
֪һڵʱȥˣҶСѵһ֧⣬ڲ󷨡
һܵʱ䣬ּ򵥵սҲǻҶСǴڵս󣬲ϵú̶Ϻ͵ʮսŵ˱ȽԶ
ÿһζҶС罫ơڸЩƫȻЩƫѵһζûѵ
ҶСǵķӡʵ˺ܶ࣬ûڳֹʲôӡ
һҶСոڵݶȵһСϲ󷨣󷨸ոһ룬ͲĽѩˡ
ĽѩǽݶΪСϣȻ̤ˮ޺۵ɹģⶼҶСǵûڳҶСκ˲ܹա
ôѩǲˣҶС˲ٶȣЦ˵
ҲŲ㣬ôŮӣҲȱһ㣬ߡĽѩһ˵Ȼ˵ģȴ¶ɫ
ҶСЦЦѾͷԶôķǡ
ѩ֪ģҪġҶС˫һл󷨣һ˵
˭֪仰ԶŮӶ˵ҲŲĵأĽѩ¶һ˿ϲɫȻô˵ǸŮӲϲĽѩҲ⡣
˵ĶʵȷʵҪģֻܹȢһ˵ĻҶȻȢ㡣ҶС˵
أĽѩЦһʵ¶һ˿΢΢ĳ


1564 зɹ
ĽѩΪҶСܹˡ
ȻǺ֪ҶСֱ׳˵
㡭ĽѩеСΪҶС˵ҪŮҶС˵˵ҲãֻҪܹ΢΢һ󣬵ҶСȴǰἰ֪еơ
ҵ˵˵ġ
ǺǣҲһͱ𲻸ˣǲǷʲô飿ҶСʵ
ţȲ󷨣㲼ˣٸ㡣Ľѩ˵ҶСܵĴš
ҶС˵ͷȻز󷨣鼫Ϊ棬һӣʱʱü·ʲô˫ֻٶȼ죬һӿӿУȻһС
ĽѩվһԾĿҶС磬ܿ죬һ˿·ǲԼĹ۲ҶСʱ̫ˣһ΢΢һ죬˾䣬쵰
תһ룬ҶС籾ˣԼʲôԵģͨ󣬾ͼ۲ҶС硣
ɷϣҶСĳһʱĽѩ¶һ˿ĳԣܿ죬Ľѩ·ԶƬռһ㣬Ҳ֪ʲô
ʱúܿ죬ת۾СʱȥҶС罫ϵ󷨲ˣ΢΢һ
תͷĽѩʱĽѩڶһЦǰ̤һֱӳĽѩԣ־סϸС
Ľѩһ漴˹ҶСʱϾȻ¶һ˿ɬ
ղʲôأȻô档ҶС翴Ľѩʵ
ûʲô
Ļû˵ͱҶСסͣĽѩе΢΢ķƬ̺󣬾ͽرסҶС磬޲ýԼܽҶСڡ
ӵʱ䣬˲ŷĽѩϺϼ䣬һ껹Ҫá
åҶСЦЦĽѩĵҶСһۣСȭĴҶСš
ʪˣҶСϴŻЦʵղоĽѩķӦе㼤ң·ѾˣｫĽѩˣջסˡ
ʲôʪˣĽѩɻʵոʳͷӦ˹ϵĺһֱӵ˲ӣݺݵĵҶСһۣȻԴһ죬ҧһҶСĶ䡣
Ȼֻҧһھɿˡ
˵˵ҾͲˡ
ǺǣһҪŶڷ㡣ҶС˵
ҲŲأĽѩȻô˵ģѾͬˣĽѩԸ˽ȻףҲû¡
ѩղźʲô£ҶСϵɫȫû˸ղŵḡ
㲻ʣҲ㶼ˣ㡣ĽѩԹĿҶСһۣ˵ѵϵͳѾȫзɹˣĿǰѾ̨ӥȥ
Ǹѵϵͳܲر档Ľѩ¶ĵЦݣǰǸС㣬ֻĹŻῴܶࡣ
ѵϵͳѾˣܹƼûмˣҶС硢񣬻λŮ⣬κ˶ܹ롣
ͲϣҲͨ󷨣Ĺܵ
ôˣѵϵͳзˡҶС¶Цݣߣȥ
ϣҶСĽѩʧˣ˲˿Ƽ룬ǰ
ǰֻػţǵΪӦ˰ʥֻһʥ֣ɢϢҪͻƵʥҪһʱ䡣
ȻǿƼ죬ôϵĿƼȻȽˣſڣ˺ܶƵͷʥһصǿ߸УҲᱻЩͷ׽Ӱ
ȻЩӵ豸⣬йԵЩӵпµĴ͸ԡ
ܼ£ʥͽ׵ǿҲᱻ͸ɷѡ
ЩӥӸҵľصصȵȵĵȡԼҶС縴ƵǸϵĿƼ֪ʶʮƼ˲ƳɹģȻˡ
ΪԵľ߻ֻǿҵĴ͸˵ԵֵֻܹͨǿĹֵ
٣ĸҶСĽѩˣǿ߹Ľ
֪ĽѩҶСеĵλڶŮУֻнĽѩΪĸ˸ָĳƺУ廨š
˵ĳƺĽѩеСС˷ܣ·ʲôΪĵһ㡣
šҶС˵ͷ˵
ӵһڴõĽϰһ£һĶǸ˵һ仰Ȼ󹧹վſڡ
õĽܹȫҽŵĿؾ棬ǲܴ򿪵ġ


1565 
¡
΢΢΢Ĳ
Ƽã޴ĽԣָովãŶ˿һǿʱ·Ǽʲôһ㣬ɨһ£ת۾ʧˡ
٣ڣҶСһƣ̬ȼΪ
һĻҶСĵ˵ͷʱûӥƼôľͰһ㣬˿ɣܹȽŴƣҲ̮֮
Ȼӥ֮Խܣ붼ΪڼڣĻȡˡ
߰ɣҶСĽѩ֣˽ȥͨ˵ԡ
һרõݣֱͨõ߲㡣
߲Ƽõĺĵط˽롣
ˡݷ΢΢ĺҶСһ˿ڴһοѵϵͳʱоܲƣȱʲôһ㣬Ļ̫һˣ˾÷ζ
һϵͳҶС統ָȱ㣬ôʱȥˣҲ֪Ľʲôز
ʲôأĽѩһҶСֱСʵԼֻ˼룬Ȼˡ
ѵϵͳзʲôزҶСһЦ˵
һҶС˵ѵϵͳĽѩĹâһ֪ǸѵϵͳиȤ
Ǹ棬С磬һӥ˵ǷҲһ̨ղҸ˵˵Ҫ㣬ˡĽѩһС˵
ֻҶСǰʱĽѩŻСŮ̬ǻûгĺӣޱȣͳǿһλŮ
ǺǣҲΪִй˾ĹƶȡҶСЦŵ
Уܣҹܣ˵ĻȻҪˣ˵ǲǣĽѩһӿҶС硣
ҶССһ£ǣȻˣҵ
Ľѩ̵ЦһֱֻҶСĸ첲ԴпҶСļ򣬿Ϊܡ
ĽѩӣҶС絭ЦЦãΪĽѩΪϵͳзɹ
ûһӵʱ䣬ݾͣݵŴ򿪣ֻһװӥվſڹĵȴţмµˣЩ˶ǿ˲š
١ӥĽһҲŽһ
Ź˶೤ʱ䣬ƼѾģƼôߣ˹Ŀ࿴ҶС˵
ߡĽѩһӥǻΪӥͬװǸϵͳ
ЩģЩ޷Ļôɷأӥ˵
һ۾мѧߵķȣ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ౶
ȥɣҶС翴˿ӥ˵
ǣ١ӥ˵ȻŤͷļ˵˵˼䣬Щ뿪ӥŴҶС紩İ칫ң˳ȣߵһǰ
٣ȴȥʵתӥ˵һ䣬ȻڽԵһ΢͵ϲõļΪܣʽ룬ָƼĤɢζļȵȡ
ޱȣ̶Ⱥܶ࣬ޱȵķҲΪ˰ȫڼ䡣
¡¡صĽŴ򿪣ӴϽƲϿȴõĽƲĻҪúܶ౶֪ʹʲôϳɺͽ
Ŵ򿪺˽ȥһֻĸƽҵԲεݣ·ĳָӦϵͳһ߽ȥž͹رˡ
žͷһâɢԲεĵյλεġ
ݱڷ·ǸֻƲģΪʵ͸Ҳܸߣ͸ȥͻᷢһԲεͨͨӵİۣâЩз
ʵһĽ޴ޱȣǼΪ󣬿˵ϵͳĺĲ֣ûнǵӰͲѵϵͳ
ҽ˵£̵ܶĽգЩлкܶ΢С̽ǣ鿴߿Ļһ֣ͱǣһ׷١ҶС͸棬ӥΪҶС͵
ĽѩҲһĺ֮ɫϴʱûнֻ¥ϵһ价šϸĵطһ½ϵͳҪĲ֣ӥû
ԭͨ͵ң˺ܴ󹦷ɣСЦЦ˵
ӥе㲻˼˵ʵûö೤ʱ䣬ЩֱʶԳֲõģҲǹ滮һ°ˣ
ӥĻҶС˵ͷֺƴḶ́ûһ֣ڶʱڽɹ


1566 ʵһ
ಡ΢΢춯Բεݺͨ΢Ħ
ӵʼʱ䣬ݾͣ·˲ͣ˼ûв
ۡݵĲŴ򿪣漴ǰĽǽѳһӣǽƶʱǰһ
һɫĹĻĻ϶õģΪɹĻ»ԡ
ҶСĽѩ˽ȥǴĻʱǰһĻסˣһһĿռ䣬ߴＸʮţޱȣƬռ봦һ޴Ļһ¥ĸ߶ôߣ弸塣
һ޴Ļޱȣĵкܶఴťˣкܶ첲ϸĹܵеǿĵģеװſĶ
ӥ˹ΪҶСһһÿһֵĹܣصȵȣΪϸ
ЩҶСֻһţϾͲϾעصĲ
ȻˣҶСȻţӥ˵ĻС
һСʱʱ䣬ӥ²ĽˣҶС綼׼ӥüɫ衢¼ѵӣҶС̲סţˡ
ĽѩҶСĸ첲ҶСļϱĿòͷˣҪȻҶС绹ţѾ뿪ˡ
ӥ󣬿ҶСϵıûʲô仯һ£Ǹ٣һ˵ͣסˣϣҪ֡
ӥϲĽ󣬲ҶСЩҶСϽ͡
顣ҶС絭ȻһЦ˵ӥüѾľ磬񿴵һ͵ĿƼƷзɹϲü鲻ı¶˳
ڽˣϽȥѵϵͳɣʱĽѩ˫Ŀ˵¶һĨΡ
ĽѩĻӥˣûлشĽѩĻĿҶС硣
ȥɣҿǸĽ˶١ҶС˵ͷ˵
ǣ١ӥ˵
ߣ˵ĻĽѩֹܲмΪˬһҶСĸ첲
ҶСЦһ£ûںĽѩСŮʱġ
ӥæԸ飬ԺʲôĻԸѩ˵ǧ·صݺҶС˼һ˵
ȻһѾŮǴˣԾȫǰɣ
⻰ĽѩĵЦˣĿһӥ˵ûУҪҵĻ
ǣ٣ѩС㡣ӥ˵
ĽѩĵӣҶС̲ס˵ɲְȨ۸ӥע㣬һҲȫСΪϡ
ŮˣʱҲܹ̫ˣʵĸǿһ㣬Ů֮
֪ˣһעġĽѩĵ˵ͷشȻҶСָʲô
ӵ߳ӥĴ£ǵһ䲼õźķС
УŸֻܣкɳƼܵȵȡ
мһŰɫĳε̨İڷţÿһ̨ʾǰһӡ
ƵļΪʣΪʹ׵ʹϷһͷʣһֶĿһµĸо
ӺͷһεıȽɼ˺ܶ࣬Сɡ
ûߵԸǰĽѩͷſҶСĸ첲Ȳƶ˵ǰ棬Ŀ˵ԡ
Ժûʲô𣬲ϵͳwindsϵͳӥͼʮԳзVirtualGod֮񣩵ĲϵΪ˸ʵϵͳȻһԭǶ΢Ĳϵͳģ˭֪ǵĲϵͳǷʲô͵ϵ
ҶСߵǰʱĽѩѾϵͳ
һУͻȻ仭һ䣬һλޱȵĳ޾Уս𣬹âãռ顣
ѤõĻŹŵսѪڡ
ʮӵʱ󣬻һתǺڵװ֣ľ幦ܡ
һκܿ죬ӾͽˣԵʾɰ˵ҰУһĳǵ򣬾ǴããԶĵƬ
Ľѩ֣Ļһ㣬Ұˣĵ㶯ȫò˵ҰС
ʱеĵʵеһģһҲ½ǵλʵȫһ¡
Ǵ֪½ľλãҶСɻĿӥ
ܼ򵥵ģ治жЩĴڣҪȫòԭ׾ٵ顣ӥЦЦָ˵
ҶС˵ͷӥ˵ǣԴСɺǶˡ


1567 
ԭˡҶС˵ͷ
ҶС绹Բһ£ǣĽѩŹâԼ²ӣֻҪǸ뷨
ȻĽѩֻΪĺģΪҶСĵ㶯ŵĻϵĻ档
Ľѩĵ㶯ҶСϵͳĻ
ϸ˵ǵһ棬Ϊάṹܹȫλ͸
⻷͵򼸺һģһɽꡢг󺣣Ħ½ĶҲС
Щ⣬ϵͳ趨ˡޡǿߵȵȣܹϵͳз־ҲΪˡ
ҶСһӥļ˵ˡ
࣬Ӧġӥǫ˵˶٣ǳȵĹâⱾҲе룬ڳʵˣʱţϵͳ޴ı仯
ҶС˵ͷû˵ʲô
Ľѩĵ㶯£ҶС罫⻷鿴һ飬ÿһСÿһʵһģһһ˴ΣȻϣԷֱ治ʵ⡣
С硭ԡĽѩһҶС硣
ĽѩӣҶСһҲ֪ĽѩѧһУһж˻ǰ԰飬ûֽܹĿ⡣
ðɣһȥҶС˵ͷ
࣡ѩ˵ҶСһ£˵С磬Ҿ֪á
˵ͻȻӥڣϲ˺ΣԹĿҶСһۣ·˵ôһ¡
ҶСһƣܹ𣿵Ȼܡ
ӥǿһϵͳ𣿡ҶСʵǰոзʱ򣬾ǵϷһ㣬ֻܹԽ磬ܵơ
ԣԺʹ˶ͬһĻУҶܹʵûʲôֱ𡣡
ӻ֧ŵס𣿡ҶСʳеĵǣҪ֪ĶĻԻǰ򣬵ʱˣ᲻ϵͳ˭޷Ԥ⡣
»ŲסȫҪأǿһ֣ϾϡΪ󡣡ӥһž⡣
ӥѾͬˣǰֻ֪оĴɵӣ͸¶ż˵ľ
˼ЩԡεȵȣҪǵģҶС¶һ˿ɫʵ
ǵȻˣЩ׵ģȱһòˡӥЦʵ
һΪֻҶС絭һЦ·ѾδԴԴܹǿˣ뵽ЩϵЦݸӲˡ
Цӣһ˿ҪˡĽѩС˵
ʱ֪ˡҶСһЦȻ뵽һ⣬ӥӥǲǿѡֵĵص㣿
ֻУ˶ģ̨Զǿģ⻷е޵ȵȣȻ̨ǲģչĻҪӵʮ̨ԡӥ˼һ˵
ãǸҶСЦЦ
ӥ˶ͷԵȵһ׵Ķ
ŸողϣЩͷӵȵȵѾˣֻҪһЩϸӹĶˣٶĻһܹһ̨ϾҪװҪԵͦ鷳ġӥ˵
ҪȥĻҪ·ӳȥҪܸź
Ǿ߽źŵ飬ȥ죡ҶСЦŵȻĽѩԱϵͷϣӥİ£һ׼
ҶСĽѩͬʱͷ˫Ȼࡣ
ǡ΢һĶķ˵ֱ۹̶ͬʱһӿ˵ֱ۰ڼʲôһ㡣
׼ú˾ͽѵУӥĿУ˽Ȫе⻷С
⻷ʵһģһڻûпţյļûˣҪǾ֮ϻ̫ҶС绹Ϊ˹
ҶСϸĸӦһ£ȻܹܵȻоȽϴԶԶûôӣռлеع
ӥʵȻܹЩЩعġ
ʵ˺ܸߵľ磬ʵȻʵҶС
Ͼӱ˿˵ģԼзĲͬ


1568 Ӧ
С磬һֹʲôأĽѩһҶС磬ȻľʵҶСĸ첲һǵ̬
ǺǣûֹʲôҶСЦЦ˵
Ļ֣˵徹Ҳô棬ϵͳܹģڵ֮ΪԼʵԼġ
ԣ϶˵Щʲô̹״ӿܴϣϽ˵ĽѩҶС˵
ĽѩӣҶС˵Ļܲܡ
˵ţҶСһ˫۾Ľѩͷſһ飬ΪɵӶ֪ҶСʲô˼
ˣﻹôɫĽѩĵҶСһۡ
ǺǣҲǺܺѵ㲻棿ҶСʵ
ҲŲأĽѩŤԴװģҶС硣
Ů˵ĺı˻أĽѩҲ⡣
ҶСĴ£Ŵǰȥ벻⣬ĽѩԴ˹͵͵ҶСһۣ̲סʵС磬⻷ܲǸ
˵仰ʱĽѩ죬ʵУϵĽѩϷһ㵭ĺΡ
֪Ծ֪ˣȻֻһ¾ˡҶС˵
ԥһ£Ľѩ˿ܣŵ˵ͷðɣɲʲô
ȻᡣҶС籣֤˵ĻģֻһĽѩϾջУ滹һݿš
˵촽໥Ӵһ⻷нԶԶеĶ࣬ǱԵ粨źŽʡ˸ֲ裬ֱӴݵ˴ԡ
໥һ˾ͷ˿
ĻйһȦ󣬾úû˼˳ˣûкЩսΪѾûбҪˣ϶ϵͳ˽ˡ
٣ôӥĿҶСʵ
ʱҶСĽѩѾժͷ˵ϡ
ܺãƣϴҽʱǿ˺ܶܶ࣬عȵ趨ףӥҪԼзӱ棬ȶǾŬɣԼع趨ҶС翴ӥ˵
þãӥ˵һģ٣ǰȷʵ̫עˣҲ⡣
⣬趨һЩǿɱ֣ӿԶ˵ķӦ˺ʶΣ
ã٣ʲôûУӥʵҶСܹҵ⣬٣ӸˣϾӿзȶḻ
롣ҶС˵һ䣬ϸĻĲ㣬ҶСŵʱӥվҶСǰһ̵ӡ
ˣԽֶһ㣬ͲܹˣҲá
ҶСĻӥĿλһлѡ
ûʲôǺǣ츳ߵ˼ߵľܹһռ䣬Ҳһռ䣬ռ䣬ŬռΪǿ󡣡ҶС˵
ǣ١ӥ˵ͷ٣ʲôʱ򣬽зɹϢȥ
ڰɣͱˣ齻ҾˣҪʲô͸ѩ˵ҶС˵
ǡ
ӥ̸һҶСĽѩ뿪
ʱɫ׼ȥЩһѵô˲佫Ϣȥ
ʱĽѩ¶һ˿Թһֹӣɻѣѩôˣʲô𣿡
㡭ʱ˵ʲô𣿡Ľѩ̧Ŷһµ˵˵꣬Դ
˵ʲôҶСɻˣһãӡ
ȷʵûӦʲôҲˡĽѩҶСһۣӰŴ󷨵ķɳ۶ȥ
ôˣҴӦʲôĽѩȥıӰҶСɻ
ѵַСƢˣᰡʱӦòģҵ״ӦʲôҶСӰһա
ܾãҶСԺһ⣬֪ԼӦĽѩʲôˡ
ô鶼ˣѹôҶС
һ¥УĽѩķڣһɫ˯µĽѩĴϣС죬һë׵Сܡ
С磬С磬һ㶼ǵôӦȻ˼ҵ飬ߣԺٲˡ뵽ʲôһ㣬ĽѩһʹСܣһ߷й
ʱһӰͻȻĽѩĴߣûһ˿ס
ôˣ˭۸ǼҵѩңȥѵҶС˴ߣһסĽѩϸʵ


1569 Ϣȥ
ĽѩĿҶС֣ݺݵҶСһۣ㡣
ôأ۸ˡ
㡭
ҴӦôأҸղǸ׼ȥˡҶС綢Ľѩ΢΢һЦ˵úöҪ͸㣬֪ϲϲ
˵ţҶСгһɫģʽĳñһñȫһƶɵģķɫתӨӨԣܰɢ
һñӣĽѩ¶һ˿ľϲԾûнӣһҶСӡ
ԣͱˣҸղûк˵ˡҶСĽѩͬʱⶥñӴԴϡ
ñôܴأ׻ġĽѩĵҶСһۣȻñȡһֵӡ
ĽѩӣҶСҲʮֵĿģ֪Ů˶ԼϲǰˣСƢʱһܸоᷳһҪϵغġ
ҶСٴסĽѩϸ֫ûзʱѳ죬ͷȥ˵촽ӡһ
Ƭ̼䣬Ľѩʧˣֻѩźһĸ첲رҶС磬˫ֺץҶС·
ɵ˯ҶС£Ѿ¶ͦԲѩףѩ֮쿴ĵƤ
ҶС𣬷·Ǳ̼ĵȼԭʼſھҧ˹ȥ
Ľѩһһϵ춼ܹšˮˡ
˺Ů֮¶Ҳһ˲䣬Ƭ̺󣬷˶˵Ľ֡
ҶСľٶ¥еŮǶǷȥҲ˯ţԹ
ڶ죬ҶС紺⣬ݹ⣬Ϊо¥ʧʱڣĽѩڴϣһֻСè
СһٹĵطһŮӾվզգǰһ֧ǸӵĹâ
ʱʮսŵʱ˵ǸʵӶѣʮսŵ˸ͲʲôÿԾѵζ治ܡ
ôǻɣҶСӰͻأ֣Цʵ
Ҫ˹ͿԼѵĶ鿴ɡŮ˵Ժƽ
Ȼûʲô仯ҶС绹ǲһ˿ԹԷҲϾԼսȫԼİţʲôж᲻ˡ
ŮӻǴˣ֪ܹõʮսŵѵʲôսֻܹ˳Ȼ
ǺǡҶСû˵ʲô˶٣һ˼ӣòſ˵棬ϵͳѾзɹˣҾ͸һǧ̨豸·Լ㶨
ҶСĻŮ΢΢һгһĨϲйǰһʱ䱻ķ׷ȻǶûмʶǴܹ˵˼ĻӶԺ쳾ĸսܹóһĲ
ãϵеˡŮ˵
ţǽ׼ãһ̨˵ȳһЧҶС΢΢һЦ˵
ҪĻҿһ̨
ģŮһʵ
Ȼġ
лл㣬ʲôҪĻһ㡣
ðҶС˵ͷŮǴŮӣһ䣬㣬ܹǸԭˣֻҪеĵߣҶСġ
ɲҪڣ˭㻹ϲзϵͳأҶС翪һСЦ
ȷʵǣǺܳԿŮգһ۾˵
ҶС֪ҲǿЦġ
󣬾ҶСߣޱܻĺͨ
ǸϵϢϽʧϲˡ
ֻǶ̶ʮӵʱ䣬ҶСһзϵͳϢѾ˸ˡ
Ϣпһ򵥵Ļ飬רŶϵͳۣһЩŵϹŶԽܣϾִĲǵ˼뻹ֳͣǿʳɱ¾ʱ
ƼʱѾʺˣοǶûмʶȻеƲ𣬲ŵζ
⣬˵λڣһΪֺĹУһϢԨĸϡ
λϣӮȻһϮžɫĽɫϵϡ
ɢֱͬһ£ͳĺ˷
ϵͳ飬ӮȻҲ˵ûСƹƼ뷴ڿƼΪӡ


1570 ߲
֮Ѿչ˼£һֱ˶ΪһҰǿʳ磬ǿ߲ϲڴַ̭£ǿԽԽ࣬޷֮ȡ
ֹһԵߵĽǶȹ۲һ˵׵һƼĽ׶Ρ
ƼķչԺҪսҪΪ⣬ҪչƼƼܹԿ
ҶС绹ˣṩһǧ̨豸ڸϽý·ȵԱھʹáӮ˿һ˵ʼɢһѹļ˻ĵϢ
ɵһһû˵ʲôǲΪϵͳжǿ
ȻһЩÿƼˣһ˼ž⣬֪Щʲô
ţһҾԱ׼ãֻҪЩˣǾܹʹˡһ˵
Ϊ˶ûмϵͳĶа˽Ĳ࣬Ҳûʲôƽϡ
ܶͨ
塢ɵ˷׷׶˼ƻźҶС绻ȡϵͳĿǰҪĲƷǲ鿴Żỻȡ
ҶС硢ӥǶΪЩתԵ粨źſԺźһǵǽɹ󣬲ŷָͲܴ
ܹҶС罫Щ豸͸ǣǴϺԵ粨źŸͲܹͨתתϵͳС
󲻵ֻܹߣߵжѸ٣һĸֽ·һֱͨ˹ȥȪһߣ߼֣ҲǸ߿ƼĶȹ˵ٶȸ졣
ҶСһȪһʱûö೤ʱ䣬Ӿͽһߣٶȿզࡣ
ӵʱҶСƼʮ豸˲ųȪС
ȷֳһߣȸŮһ̨豸йԱ£ͽԵȵһϵеװװɹˡ
ϵͳʼУеĹУˣȻҶСȥ
е׼úҶСŮӴͷгΡ
ҶС׼Ҳװһͬ⣬˼ҪȥĻֻҪصһͿˣҪ鷳
룬ҶСҲûǿ
ԼһСʱʱ䣬˵˶ѾȵĲˣŮڴռгͷŮһĸˣ𾪡
û뵽ĻȻ˱棬Ҷе᲻뿪ռˡŮ˵ļΪ죬һ޾ĸоնɱ˺ܶޡ
ǺǣĶʼģǧҪԽȥ治ܣҪĻǶԼһĮŮӾȻƲסԼУҶСѵ
סŮ΢΢ָһЩ˵
ղĽ棿һе㲻ŵʵ
ҽ棬ҵ˼ά棬˵ǵСŮӽ͵зѣչ¶ԼľѧõΧĶ𣬾ǻˣһʱڣͻԶ޸
ľôʵּʵжܸое㲻׵ζ
㳢һ¾֪ˡŮӵһЦ
𣿡ֽĿͷͶҶС磬ϾҶСһʵзģҪ˼ҵ
ʲôԵģԵľԡҶСȵ˵
ڲźͺ֮£ϵͳ
ֵĵطģ˿ԸŻ濴ʲô
ʮӺ˳ˣǱŮһģһ𾪣Ǿ棬ǲţҲû뵽ռڣ˱棬ȻΪܹ˼飬ǲ˼鰡
ôˣһֺĿʵ
ҳϣҸողСϵͳָ̾һ˵ҶСǸһЦ
ûʲôϾǶֶ˽⣬һʼҲŰŰɵ̬ȡҶСЦЦ
ֵµлĻҺʶʶ
Ǻǣлģ϶УǸԣҪ΢޸ġ
ҶС磬ǸϽ߰ɣ涼ȲˣһЩ˶зͲãȥ˺һǴһ˵
Ļ͸¶һҪϢ仰Ҳ滰Ҳһ˼˸߲㣬ܶ˶ҶС
ǺǣȷʵǶԼģ˵Ҹǰװ߰ɣҶС΢Ц˵۵⡣


1571 ¶
˵ĴӪһɫƤµŮִҶС硢λƼĿ˲ţ˵һ¥ȥ
ڣľïϰһ㣬̸֪¶Ҳִĸ¥ãŽϣһֶĿһµĸо
¥󣬳ݣһֱһ㣬ǿޱȵĻң˵˵ȵȣʵȨ˶С
ҶС߽ȥɫƤµŮȥϴϢһɵѪζǰ붼Ǿˡ
ҶСǼ߽ȥ˵ĿⶼͶ˹һЩĿƽޱȣһЩǲмЩĿ¶ҿζ
ҶСλϵͳѾзɹˣʵһģһȺܸߣδ˾̨豸ǿһ¡ҶСߵ˳ǰ棬˿˵
û˷ʲôۣҶСһͷָеľ̨ԡӡ·ȵһȫ˳ϡ
лΪ޳ṩһǧ̨豸ǶЩϼһֿƼĲô˽⣬ϣǼʶʶЩ˾ǲҵӮǺһЦ˵
ǸҶС׵͸¶Ϣкܶ˲Ҫھʵסǵ졣
ã֪ӺûУҶСûȥΧЩ˵ֱ
ѾӺˡӮ˵һץһ·ǳһİ߱˹Ƿֳһ·Ӿ̨Ӧù˰ɣ
ҶСס˰ߣ˵ͷˡ
߷ϣȻһߵϣƼԱᣬǰȥٵİװ
ǲרҵģٶȼ죬ǰװĶ泩Ŀ
Щһ۴͹âĿ˰װһЩһЩ˺ܲƳƳҶС磬ΪҶСûʸ
һЩ˺뽫ҶС߽ҶСѵһ٣һ뵽ǸʲôҪװɹˣǻ
ǸûʲôõĻڽѵҲ٣ҲΪ˷·һҶС˺Ƥһ˼Ǹʲôв˼ʱǵҪҲסˡ
˶ʮӵʱ䣬̨ȫװˡ
٣ѾˡһԱĶҶС˵
ˣװֶ̫ˣϽϢһ°ɣһʱ䣬ҪװҶСЦЦ˵
໥˿ӣվԭûиĶʲô˰ǿɶ˵ĴмЩ˶֪˶ٸ£˸ΣҪ˿¾ϣ԰
ҶС翴һۣüװ̫ķѾˣϽϢ
˵ţҶСһӣųѾץ˹ƶǰ
ҶСѾƶǰҲֻӲͷƤЩɫ̫ÿǸӲˡ
ûµģϢŸλǰܹ£ҲΪһθѸٵİװҶСЦ˵
û뵽Сô޳ˣʲôĹƨһ㹤ܹĸ򣬿˾ӣһЩа
Ƕ֪˶ˣȻҶСʲô⣬޷Ǿһ棬СѣҲûСҶС磬ҶСѵսžܹ
ߡһЩĺһŤͷ۲ΪѾ¼һˣϵͳǿĻһὫҶС
ҪţȻ̫࣬ǾϢʱӮͰһЦ˵漴ĿͶҶС磬װɹˣǲڿԳһˣ
ˣŸȥһ£֪ожǿˡҶС絭˵һ䣬˻һԼ
˭Ըȥһ£ΣӮɨһ˵
ĻУм˷·ûһ㣬ҲһԵʮƽ
Ӯɫÿ˵һʥصĸˣѵһ㵨ôϴ۵ʱЩ˺ܲ˻᳢ԣôһˣ
ЩһɫǺޱȣЩ˵ʲôȴû˵Ȼϡ
һ¡Ӯмɨһˣһһߵһ̨ǰרõϣҶСָʾ£ͷ硣
˿߳˰˸ϣͬ硣


1572 ̸н
ͬӮڵľֶ磬ĴԲ֮ɫ
˵ԽԽȷʵˣȻϵͳܲмȴҲ˶δ֪Ŀ־壬·ʲô¹ʡ
һˣҶСЦһ£·ڳЦЩûһ㵨ɫ
ҶСɫȻܹһ˫ĿŭڷйԼеĲ
ʮӣ˳ͷһ£һƽԼλϣĿ˭Ҳ֪ЩʲôһĪӡ
ϲŭɫȫ˿ߣ˿ʲôҶСܹܵӮɢϲõвʾҲǳϵͳ
ٹʮӺ˷׷״˳һɫ糣·ûκα仯ҶСͬˣֲм͡á
һЩϺ꿴˶ߣ֪ǳǿˡ
˵ʲô£ǸЧôʱһ˵ʵ
֪ЧԼȥԡ
ѯʵһӣ룬վȥԡ
ȥԣս˰ҲԣЧ붼ҪȻղŽ鿴綼ʼԸҶСˡ
һ˺һһ鿴û¶ʲô飬׷װĪϣĿ
ڵ˷׷׽ռ䣬һ
Ѿϣ׷һ۲ҶСֱϺ꣬Щ˹װһƽӣΪڴｻ豸ʱóһ롣
Ȼǲ˵Ҳ˵ǾͿ˭ŵʱ䳤ҶСпӵĿϣһӰڷŵˮУһˮɳС
ꡭҶСζĿİ칫УֻܾʣҶСˮ
Щ˵뷨ܼ򵥣ΪҶСᣬûģ˲ҶСȿڣӣǾܹסĻȨҶС̨ĺǻҪá
ꡭϷһˮҶСеֻʣˮƤ˵ȵȡ
ҶСһ̣ȥһ̣̲ס˵ղǽǸ鿴һ£Ƶȷʵܱ棬еĺö㿴ôˣÿ칤࣬Ҳ֣ٸһǧ̨ôģǿһֶ
潫ҵɵӣһӲǱСܣ˵˷ֵĹߣҶС綼ѡ
һǧ̨ѾǼˣҶ֪ССܹЩȣҪʲôʲôͷԴֻܹһǧ̨ЩΪ˶ԿģϵΣң˼ǾõĶȫˣԱҵ⡣ҶСһ˵ĴȻ·ΪԸһС
ҶСĻЩ֪ҶС粻ôúŪģҲһļһСĴۻȡˡ
ҶСһѾ̬ȣһǧ̨ѾļˣҪıóûѵ͡
Ȼɴཫǣɣǵø档һž˵
㲻˵ûԴɣ㽫ǣԴ죬ֵ˼
ǲ㣬ռҲ̺һⷨЩֻⷨһĵطſзĵطзʱŪĶֻϷûʲôֱ𡣡ҶС絭һЦ˵
Ƕ֪ҶСںߣȴûܹ˵ʲô֪ҪռˣǲˣӲӲĻͻ˺Ƥʱôһˣ˵һʧһǿУ彵٣Ҫð
Ҳˣ˵˵һ̨豸ӦĴȥһʵǳ¼ҵˡ
Ǻǣ˵㣬˵㣬ǲ֪ҪĽޣź̫ĻͻӰУǵһеĳ̫ĻͻῨоźŵֻܹǧ̨ʵޣȴзĿƼٴνһʱһЩҶСһ̾˵·ڿսźŵ̫ܵˡ
ҶСĻЩ˵ȻôţǶ˽⣬Ҳ˵ҶС˵Ǽ١
һչ׷ϵԼϤˣѯʴ¡


1573 Ԥ
ҶС˵Ļ٣źŵȷʵһĳƣƾǶ٣ҶС˵㡣
һЩֹͣ˶ĽǵõĴκζһƣЩĶǶ٣Ͳˡ
Ļǵɫÿ˵ҶСҪˣ
ϡΪʱبŲĵ޵ĶÿҪôҪ߳౶ļ۸ˡ
Ѿһǧ̨ʮ⣬ڸϣˣ·һڿų첱Ӵֵ
ˣĿľΪøλǰԳһЧΣû˼˵һǧ̨豸ʮպȫʱһλǰҪĻ붩ŶҾˣŸλǰִˡҶСЦЦƼԱ뿪ˡ
ҶС뿪󣬻һƬš
һǧ̨˵е٣Ҫȥٶһǧ̨ôʱһʵǻ˵ˣȻˡ
ǻҪһǧ̨ⲻУֻǧ̨ҶСѸһǧ̨Ѿ㹻ˡʱһ߷ԡ
Ҫ֪㣬һǧ̨㹻ˣǴҶҪοĸҲΪˡ
ܶ˷׷׷ӳͲͬٵõ޶ȵģ˵õˣǵõȻˡ
˳һţʱӮ˵ˣȻҶΪͲҪʲô˴ˣ˾ֻҪһǧ̨ɣ˵Ѿռıˣλ뱣֤ÿһĸ֡
Ӯ˫Ŀз·гζĿһɨˡ
ӮٴЩ豸⣬ǷһҪȻӦϾԿҪĺ
ʱĶΪǵġ
뿪û೤ʱ䣬ҶСͻصһͻ˴ãȻ֧µĶ鸽۲ǵ
ʱܿȥ죬ҶСѵǣǽеսѵҶСϸҪѪѹ£û˸ҷһԹԵѵ
һѵжҶСԹҲ˲٣ѵУܹĸܵı仯
һ죬ҶСѵһ֧µĶ飬ͻȻҶС
ҶСʱһʲôҪ飬ҪȻǲϵġ
Լѵȡ̵ʱѵЧҶС翴һ˵һʧˡ
ҶСߺЩȻŬѵߣǺҶСûٺܵͷ
š嵭ķУ񾲾ڵϣҳĿռ΢΢ҶСӰ֡
ҲʼˣҳҶСʵ
ţʱڱǨһζؾɡƽ˵
˵ţһתת˹΢΢ü˵ܸоʲôҪһ㣬ܻţһĪĸо֪ʲô£ûҪСһ㡣
ҪٽˣҶСʵ
˼߾磬һڤڤ֮еĸӦӦΪǿߣӦȻǷޱȣĻʲô鷢
֪Ҹо񣬺иص顣ҡҡͷ֮Ľü΢
Ϊ£ҶСɻʵ
ţΪϽʵԼĻһʵδ֪ΣҪֻܹó׼˵
ãסҶС˵ͷ
⣬ǵҸ˵ı𣿡
ǵã˵ԻΣȴҪһЩ㵱˵Ҫľࣿ
Ǹʱûн٣ڻˣܹΪΣܹΪߵһҶС˵
ȥң
ڡ
뿪󣬺ħô죿ҶСʳеĵ⡣
֮ںħ岻֣ҾͲö֪ˡ϶˵
ô֪ģҶСһʣ˵񣬶¹ش󣬲аͺܱҶС뿪˭ܹһ֧أ³ûˡ
ǳ֮Ҳ˽һЩǸж϶ҪɣҡҶС˵
ôĹΪܹΪΣô󣿡ҶСеɻʵ
ţʱ֪ˡص˵
ãһҾͶҶС˵ͷ
ˣһ˿Բᷢʲô飬ֻΪЩԥ
˵С۹ȷʵǸµһ˵ҶС˵
ҲãҲ˵ͷһֲĸоŪ¶޷


1574 С۹
񷿼뿪ҶСȻصѵһ֧¶ĵطʱѾսڵս
ŬӣҶС룬ոǴ˰˻ĺ;Źսѵһ󣬾뿪ˡ
һҶСӰֱӳ֣Լ뿪Ľѩŷǧ̵ˣĽѩȻĽѩһ£ʮʹߴڣ۸Ľѩο
ЩҶС罫ʱУС۹ǸѾͷһֱ
С۹ʱҶСһûйೡʱ䣬СѾͷȻѾʥغڣٶȾǷһ㣬졣
硣ҶСĵС۹˫˫ĿȻûһɫ·ܹ͸κζҶС綼оԼǱѾͷ͸͸ˡ
С۹һ˽ҶС绳УԴҶСĻв˲䣬һǵӡ
ѾǴˣôҡҶСЦЦС۹Դ
磬Ҫ𣿡С۹۾ĿҶС磬Ѿָ
ô֪ģĪѾܿˣҶС羪ȵʵ
ҸոտҪ뿪ˡС۹佱ҶС硣
С۹ϰô˵ͱһʱһԹߣۿһУΪܹ˵Ķδܹͨĸܵһ˵ģ״̬Уúܳ죬ֻҶСʱŻ˵仰
㻹ܿʲôҶСٴʵ
˸һȺ˴ܡС۹գɰĴ۾˵
ҶСЦЦȥľ嵱ȻһˣⶼǺʵġ
磬ɲԴһȥҿ԰ġС۹ҶС˵¶һ˿֮ɫ
ˣȥΣգ綼ûаգο㡣
磬ܰ㣬ҿ԰Ԥ⵽ﰲȫеˡС۹ܲĵ˵
ҶСӣҶС˼УȥľĴ½ȷʵΣأ˭֪ʲôΣգС۹Ļе㲻㣬˵ȷԶܹһЩδ֪Σա
ҶСΪС
磬ʹһ԰⡣С۹ٴ˵
С۹Ѿô˵ˣҶС˵ͷðɣҴӦ㣬Ҫ
ţһĻġС۹ͷ˵һϲӡ
߰ɣ˵һ£ߡҶС˵˾С۹߳ʱ
߳󷨺ҶС鿴һ·һϣ\ľӣڣʱ¥УһĻͯͺʫ
ȥ¥㣬һҡҶСС۹˵
С۹գ۾е㾯ĿҶС磬һȻŵ˵ͷһ뿪
С۹뿪ҶСһѾͷʵ̫Ӧ˱ȶԸһ˻ҪΪѵĶࡣ
ôˣȥ˿ҶС
׼С۹һȥ¥ģͻȻֺ󷨱Եһʯϣˮ㶣֪Щʲô鲻á
ѵĲں𣿡ھʯϵĺ
һɫ䣬ǳɫĥɰţж̿㣬һ˫޳ֱͦ¶һ˫СѾˮζˮº͡
һҶС磬ںҶСкܶŮ˵ģһֱԥоҶСеλãͲǣˣԼĸԥǰѰҶС硣
Ǹһʵ̫ˣѾ£Ƕôʱ䣬ԼǻƻŮһöҶС绹ûǿԼһ㡣
ԷᰵĿ˵ĻҪòòҪģ治ˡ
Ȼ⻹ҪԭֻҪһʱûмҶС磬ͬŮˣզôأ
ԴףûǳԴˣԴױŮӵԣôʱ䶼ûмҶСӰеȻԹˡ
ߣٸһᣬ㻹ңҾԶҡ˵
һָԣ¶һ˿ꡣ
ŮѣϲһӣŮѡ
ʱͻȻ䣬һůĻĹУܷӦ£ոһ£ŵϤζûǸǸ󻵵ζа˲٣ͬʱҲǱԹ
ôˣʲô飬ôһҶСĵʵ
ҵ鲻Ҫܣ߿һ£˵רװģġ
ҵˣ¾ҵ£ôܲأҶСûзţȻؽס
ߣʲôʱŮˣô֪һ˵ޱ飬侲


1575 ĵһ
ԴȪ̤ʱѾˡҶС۰ıźȻܹɢԹϢ
֪Щʱ˺źܲˣԼʹɫ
һΪѾңⶼѾˣһǴ֮ѵҾôû𣿡ҶСĵ˵
һҰҺ޵ŮӣĶԴԼУֻҪ˵飬˭޷ı䡣
Ǹʱһֱæ㣬ˡ
ǽ𣿡ɫƽĿҶСʵ
ҶСһЦǰɣ˵ͲܹװıһһҪȥһˣΰҸһô
ҾͲһˡ˵Ŀ¶һ˿˸С
ңҶСĿһɡ
Ҿ͸ңҲ١˵仰еԡ
ҶСؿźһž¶ᶨ֮ɫһĺ㴽˵ȻˣҵŮ˰ɣ
˵ţҶС㴽
ءء㡭ʲô˫ƿҶС磬ǸոƿҶСٴηס㴽ҽӵſܹ
촽ĽӴ·ǵȼ˻棬ֻСһ
šҶСִӶ˽ȥһסǰȻͦѩףסһǺΣ˫Ŀ룬ֻѩҲҶСĲסҶС뿪һ㡣
ҪҶСոȥĶ䡢£תֽ·ʱ΢гһ
ⲻҪ𣿷ﲻ˵ġҶС˵ȻҧסĶ
ٴνһ˷ǼеĻ档
飬ˮɣϪߣ⻬ľʯϣһŮĴϷ
еĵһӦõ廨ķ䣬ͼĴϣû뵽һξȻ绷иҶС硣
һʼҲ뷴ģǲ֪ôԼʧˣȴԴȫʱѾǳΪ˸ˡ
ˣҵĵһξôϡͿĸ㡣һ֮󣬺ҶСϣĵҶСһۣȻҧһ⡣
ǵͶҶС첻κ˺ʹУҶСһ˿Ĵ̼
ҶСиոսĻٴαѹϾǵһΣܹ̫ˡ
ҶС罫γȥ˵һ£´Ƭ̣˱㴩·ˣݹŮ˾ǲһ׿Խľˣõȥ
ȥҶС˲ʱǰʱС۹Ѿȴˡ
硣ҶС֣С۹ĽһȻҶС绳С
С۹Ϊô٣ҶС֪Ѿͷ붼Ѿ֪ˣװ˵Ժ͵磬ûУ
磬û͵㡭˵꣬ʶ˲ԣϽסԼСͣգŴ۾
޹ҶСһƣԺ͵ˣξԭˣ´ҿɲ㡣
߰ɣҶСС۹ٹĵط
磬ԺǿɲӣУС۹ҶСʵ
ҶСеȥ
ԣԺ׼롣ҶСС۹Դһ£ⲻ֪ЩСԴЩʲô
СһС۹£ԼǵƤգͷۣС
ΪʲôԣС۹һɳʵ׵̬
ΪԾǲԡ
ǲΪ̫Сˣ
ǡҶСƵĵ
Ǻãҳ˺ǾͿˡ

ǽ۹СѾͷһ˱ﻵˣһ·ߴߴ˵ͣҶС綼һڣ֪ͲСѾͷˣڿɺãԼܹ徲
⻹ҪģҪǣСѾͷʵĻ㻹شҪǲشѾͷһίӣģӣ붼ǸŶСǸѾͷѧġ
彵ٺ󣬻֮ڵĴɽֵȵƫƧĵطӿʥ洦ɼҲࡣ
ϲԽЦΪ׵ѪӰĲǱһЩַˡ
иע⵽ģǣ彵ٺ󣬻ĸط鿴˺ܶ࣬Щ̫ϳǣǲϵĲ鿴һ
ЦǶɽУȻЩ˽⣬Щ˽ⶼǵ;˵Ͳ˽⡣
ڲ˽ʽǰ£̰̫أȻ߸ֻ֣©ڱˡ


1576 
ȷʵЦ̫ˣΪһԼ˵㣬ƾϰ˴˾ͿԵʵˡ
û뵽ץһЩΪʱ¶ˣ˳ϣҵǵĻأǸɽڡ
սʹչò˵ЦȷʵһţֻѪѪȡѾʥ۷壬ȷʵ¡
ΧǿߣЦҲ˿һ־ѪѪޱߣûһռ䡣
һսΪƴ׳ۣʮɽ屻ƳƽأǰΧ˵ĺܶǿѪֱ֮һ̫ϳϡ
̫ϳֱɳʥصĸ֣ʥصĸޱߣһ֮ռ䶼ڲ
ЦʩչѪһʥظһɢˣǣ֮£Цˡ
˸ֳ֣Ц֪ԼˣǸʱʡʱôѵʱ
Ц׺ݣΪĿĲֶΣΪԼͬʱϰµֲء
ᣬЦ˻ΪһѪ˷ɢȥʥص߶û赲ס
ʥصǿ߼Ц˷ŭޱȣһɸ֣ϲһƬϴֻҪ˰дģȫնɱû˿ԥ
ϺһܵСϣͻأ䣬һѪɫâ֣һ㣬һɽڡ
ʱɽһտĶѨһǼܣһǼܾӨ񣬽ʵޱȣǿ·ǹҲḯࡣ
һǼܵ˾ʥˡ
һǼԻһʮСѪأѪҺ·ƿ˵ĹˮΪа졣
ѪɫâֱӽǼϣǴǼܵԴӿġ
ѪɫâȫӿǼ֮ʱõУ㺮
Ѫɫâ·̺ϵһ㣬һѪɫâڲӿγһѪɫ˿ߣЩѪɫ˿ӽ֯Ϊһ״飬Ѫһ㡣
һѪҺѪз⸱ǼŰγһѪɫ룬ѪеѪҺȫʱҲûʲô
ʱôһһĹȥתۼ졣
ǡҹؼΪʢ֮ʱѪɫ뷢ѵ
һѪɫϲѷ졣
ءѪɫ飬ЩѪɫȫΪһա
΢ѪɫȫȻʧʱһѪɫ۵¶˳
ǽЦɽѾ׼õģרΪԼ׼
һˣʲôʱ򶼻Լһ·ߣӦݽЦɣ
ʥصĸֳʱ͵ϣԱ壬Ѫ˳ȻѪֻһСֶѣĶڵټˡ
ٺ٣ҽЦôġЦ˦һ磬ɭһЦ˵һӢޱȡ
ֵЩӦþ˵˰ɣˣҼסˣĿǰܹỪˣֻȥطˡЦ
ʼ˾˼ܣһͻᱻ֣Ŀǰ˵ֻܹȥЩҵĵطˣЩҵĵطƣָԼΪһѪأǻԶԶĿǰʵŻָʥһأҪָԭľ磬Ҫ߾Ѫ
嶼ˣѪӰʱҵңһǾԶһ㣬òᱻҵ
ЦһҰĺܴˣԼ˵ȻԼձȽϺãѪӰҵĻֻΪһöӣѪӰЩе
ӵһƬȽɣ˭ȥ˼ֺͷūţ齭ЦȻɡ
ˣȥϱĸȿЦȻߵɽϡ
һȭѪɫâӿŷֲ
䡭һأһɽҵҡ·ʱҪ
һľ޴ͨЦһȭ
ಡЦΪһѪɫɽڲռ䡣
ҽЦ¸ˡɽľ߹ҵЦ̲סЦһ·йԼеĿơ
ףϾȻߴڣҲٺ١ЦվɽϣĿԶСϵһܹ
ҰڣԶһС䣬½á
ϰٺˣЩΪߵΪʥ˶ǿߡ
Щ˿տ¶붼ǶѶġ
ʲôˡһ˶
ղŽЦĿЦǶˡ
ٺ٣ʳˡЦɭһЦӰһǸȥ


1577 ־ǿͽЦ
ڽЦޱȣ׼ԼеġʳʱһµϢ
䡭һֻ޴Ѫɫƽ£ڵһأǺƴƬռ䶼ˡ
ѪɫûĵЦϣռѹһ٣·ʧȥ˷еһ㣬岻䡣
Ǿ֣ԷʵȻʥˣһĿǰΪߡ
ǵѪӰĸҵң
¡һ죬ֻ޴ѪɫƴŻصһ˽Цϡ
ۡһѪɫ԰ޱȣһöڵһ㣬·ɽݺȥ
䡭ɽҡضһСڲµľƬռб䣬һööɽʯµ¹¡
ǡɽϾȻѷ죬֩һ㣬ܹղųֵǸΪǿޱȡ
ɽʯ䣬û˽ЦڰɽĶѨ·γһȻķĹ
ĸ䣬Цһط΢΢ζءһɽʯȫը˿ܱ䣬Ц¶˳ʱĽЦͷɢңմһЩͲľǱѣŲ̬Ĳ԰ס
ΪûлָֻʥһصʵڸղǸһƵĹУˣΪٴεһΣڵֻаʥ۷Ϊˡ
ǻˣʥصĸֱȵĲԱոѰҵԼĺָ֣һЩΪûи˶ãһα˺ݺݵĳִˡ
ϱ仯һƣ֮УԼľҲȥʱʱıˡ
˭˭ǣҳЦһɫҰĿܹŵСҹ䡣
ֵ֪˾Բ˵ˣ˵˲ôڰ
£ʮ׵ĵطռ΢΢һɫɳ۵Ӱ¶˳
㡭㡭Ȼ㣿뵽û̫ԸˡӰЦЦ¶һ˿Щ˵
Ӱû˵ֻǾĿŽЦû˿顣
Цһ󣬽Цָյƽ˵ȻѾ֣ҪɱҪ㡣
Ϊһô׵ǰΪ㲻еıߣû뵽зǳҰģΪĿģֶΣϧҲû⣬ûһúõػţЦҲн찡ӰЦһ˵
־ǿʱ˲˰˹Ŀ࿴Цƽһɫ۵Ӱ˵˫ĿŹâ·ʲô⡣
ɫ۵ӰǺ־ǿ
ٺ٣һݳһǣҺ־ǿҲɵӡ־ǿЦһ˫ֻӶѪɫ˿ߴзſµĴ͸һЩӿ˽Цڡ
ۡЦٴ³һѪήҡ
˼˶ܲģѣȷΪȽϺá־ǿٺһЦ¶һڰ
ЦǸˣʱǧҲˣΪΪ⣬Ҫֻƴˡ
ĿͶ˺־ǿ·뵽ʲôһ㣬бųһĹâ΢΢һ̾һСˡ
ǺǣѾ뵽ˣһжҲ߻ġ־ǿʹ˵
ĵطʼҾʱ޿̲ű𣬿ҵʵ㣬㱨𴿴οҵʵѵº֣ɱһˣҪնɱܹа㷴ء
ΪұʱҪƳٵˣû뵽ĳˣеĸַǳֻ࣬赶ɱˣ˳ͻյķΧ޼ɵɱ֣һжҼƻõġ
Ҿ֪к֣ȻصٺãǱҵˡ־ǿǻ۵Ĺܹâ˵
ô˵ѾˣЦ΢̾һʵ
㿴ˣѾˣҾ뿴õı顣
ǰҵ´ҲӦɣ
ңЦ㻹Һ־ǿȻݶǱ˵̫Զˣ治֪ЩϋͯôµǸġ־ǿҧ˵˻ûг֮ǰ˽Ц´ɨһƬ
ʱһʮ䶼ụ̂һĴ壬Щȫ˽ЦЩ˵ʳ
Ц̫ݶˣԼ˿ˣǵħ
ʮЦٲʲôʸ˵ңѵûɹЩ޹֮˵ѪЦݺݵı˺־ǿһۡ
ǲǰڵѾԭˡ־ǿ˫ĿԶ¶һĨˣЩΣ֪Ϊ˭˸С


1578 ҽ
ЦĻĲ˳ʺΪܹùôģȻڲסУοΪЩɾѪΪͷܹı𣿡ЦЦһ˵
ʲôܹı䣬һħһʡ־ǿ˵ɢϢѾı˲١
ߺߣû뵽ĴˡЦĿź־ǿ˵
һΪһһҵΪҲɣȻܹͻʥأԿǰһЦ˵һӡ
󣬺־ǿĿͶ˽Ц¶һ˿Ϸʣʱ㻹ң治˳Ϊèƶˣƻޱȡ
Цɫһ䣬ʵʲô˼
ʲô˼ѵΪַɵʹɣΪӱʹ࣬һܣ㻹ҲһΣϧѾ˹־ǿ˵
㡭ô֪ģЦŵĿҶС˵Ǹʱ־ǿΪߣҲûзַɵ飬ô֪أ
Ҳϵĳʹࡣˣ͵ضĿһۺ־ǿ
־ǿҡҡͷ¶һ˿֮ɫҲûоʹ࣬ҾѾˣ˵Ҫл㣬Ҫ㲻ֶεĺңҲֹĺ
ĹѪӰ޸Ĺļ򻯰棬ǵʺǵĲͬǵʵ֮䣬Ͳ±ɵֲԹǻֱգתΪԼǲһÿһ֣ھͻһԹԹ۵һĳ̶Ⱦͻᱬ˺ҧꡣ
Ҳ֪£һΣҿЩ˵Ĳֽ̣˺ܶ޹֮ʱǴɢڵһԹǸʱҲ˽⵽ˡ
־ǿĿԶ˻С
ҲǸʱ㿪ʼ£ЦĿ˺־ǿһۡ
־ǿû˵൱Ĭˡ
ߣ˵˰죬ν壬ҲǲΪԼ
ΪʲôֻҪǰ˾Ǵơ־ǿ˵ɢϢºͣûŨѪζ
ߣıɣôңЦź־ǿ˵
׼ѪӰ˽ߣΪǵһݺݵĥ㣬̫ΣˣĺǿһһˣǶ˵һµѡ
˶٣־ǿ˵㻹֪ɣѪӰָµĽƣҵǵУҺҵΪͬЩһȫ˽ȥٺ٣˵һˣͻ
㡭û뵽ĻҲôЦɫ䣬˵
⻹Ǹѧ𣿺ˣ㻹ûúһЩԹɵʹɣ־ǿЦһ
˫һѪɫâԼͽЦ˰˲ʧ˵¡
Сȫǽʵʯ־ǿ·ûвһ㣬ʯо½·廯ΪһЩʯ赲סǡ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬־ǿͣдһȭʱڵµҲдһܹǡܹһ˵Ŀռ䡣
һЦͱΧʯСռС
־ǿ㻹ҪʲôҪɱɱɣʹ㣬ҪһŮһĥĥġЦе
üңǰƢɱ㣬۲Ϊڣٺ٣Ӱ첻ҵľʹ̫ˣ㻹ܾĥɣʲôʱѪӰĸִǸƣʲôʱͿԽˡ־ǿ˵
ಡʱ־ǿ˫ִĵѪɫâĵѪɫâγѪɫĶ˶ûҲУĶˣ˽Ц֫ϣ̶ʯγɵСռС
־ǿĿ⣬Цڸе˺£Ͻ˵ſң־ǿſңֻҪңҪҸţԡ
Ц˳ˣһ֮ࡣ
ŽЦӣ־ǿɳһţСϣꡭѵ־ǿһСȣԺǷˡ
ʵ㣬Сʲô֪һԱΪ˻ʺ㶼ȥԡ־ǿм˵
־ǿĻЦˣָңѾ֪ԼĽˡ
˿Ц־ǿЦһʮָ䣬Ѫɫâϵӿ˽Цڡ
ǡʲôһ㣬ʱ䣬ɹɺӽЦӿЩΪһõӰЩӰԹޣһŽЦ˹ȥݺݵ˺ҧ˺ҧŽЦꡣ
ҽӽЦзЩԹķɣʹ֡


1579 Ĳ
úܰɣЦʹӣ־ǿЦһ˵һʧˡ
һжǽЦԼȡôˣЩѾ˵ǲԹȴںݺݵĥһһӦˬû뵽ԼĽ֡
ЦĽѾעˣôԹ֮£ſҲᾫ⣬Ȼ˵ѪӰֱնɱ
־ǿӵðе˶ۼ˹Щɶҵɵģޱȡ
Ǹл˺־ǿһȻ׼ԭζĶд󣬺־ǿлˣ֪Ҫκ飬ҪȻǾͻдѡ
һ⻰Щ˵ȻͷӦ
㶨˽Ц󣬺־ǿ뿪ˣû֪ȥ
ľ彵ٵĵطӡ󣬹ޱߵĴϣľ½ͬããһ䣬ޱȣϢ·Դأҡ
Ϣȣȴû˸ȥ鿴һϢдһֻħ
վ壬򣬶ƻһĳ嶯
뿪һҶСһ·УԽϱߺöңЩҷǳĻңȻҲˣʵ̫ǿˣ޷Կ
Ŀǰ˵һЩѾˣûݵģڲȺƻһУǽ·ȵȣ·ǾĻߡ
һĿҪǧ꣬һĻȴֻҪһ˲䡣
ܶʤżﱻȫݻ٣ĻôˣǴѰ
൱ڶϾĴа
Щż¼Ĳʷϵƪ£ȱǵѪǻۣЩúļĶ
ѣǧ֪ʷΪ˭飬Ϊ˭࣬ǧ󣬺ʶȣʷЩΪ˲һеˡ
һʷҪһҪϾһܹŭ
ڻģҶС绹ҸоңϾԹŸֱܹӦԣأǿƼ棬ԶԶں棬ʱĽŲǸ޷ĽŲ
ľλӡǹϷ˻һƬ½Խϡ̩ǵȵȹȡ
Ĵ½ֱӽϼ½ڱѩ֮ϣĹ¶ϷֵĵطǷһа͢ȵط
뻪ڵЩ˵ǱȽƽһ㣬ֻиľΪ
ҶСУԽɱﵽӡʱˣӡȻϴڰ״̬
ڼΪңܹľǿߣڴϺ޼ɣʳƷȵȣֱᵱҰĴ֣ҪʲôֱᣬҰ޸ûʲô
ҶСǿ͸ˣҪЩƽദͲԣߵĹͲһǷչȷϵʲô鶼һĵߣ壬ȫǰմַ£ǿʳұǿҾͿնɱ㣬һС
ֹĳͻ޷ƽֻܹͨսһУȡʤôõĴȥЩҲĻᱻͬ
ʤôչʹ˵̮һƶȵ꣬ҵսʱ
ǲпս
ҶСС۹վһĻĻҵĳ
ʱڵĵطӡǵϱغһдͳУźܶ·ζݻ٣кܶ¥öϳ룬ҶСǷŭ
˶ڵ֣ҪȫĹֿͬǿ߸޷ֿ
ĵ·ϣܵȺҼһŴգһƬصɱѪ֮Ƭռ䵴
ҶС·һɵϣܶ೵ͣ·ߣðẓ́һľдϷ쳾֮ɫܡ
ǵк棬ͣĮͲȻ
ˣܶ˶׷ܣһèӡ
һĻҶСֱҡͷȥֻЩֵ棬ʹǣȻѾˣΪЩ˲𷴿أ
һ˲ǵĶ֣һٸһǧһأ
ȻҶСҲܹףǶŴΣ˭֯һУһС
ͻȻ䣬ľд˷ĿĶһи໥֮˵ʲô
ȻҶС벻ǵĻǴǷ𶯵Ƶ֪˵˼
ǿиҪоһ̥ʲôӵģǣ׼иĶƿ
һֺ棬Ҳһֲ徵ΪǵĻҶСɫѿޱȡ


1580 ׾ٵնɱ
ٺ١һЦһľ֮˿зľӵȻòȴ쳣ֱͲһ¡
ľֱ֮һ죬һɫָɫߣһиƶȥ
˵ֱ̣֮ľַȴΥԭߵĹ켣ٶȾȻ죬ʵȷʵǷ
һֶԿռĳãΪﵽ˰ʥ۷嶼
һϮиһɵˣһ·ԼΪиѾͻ죬ﵽء
ɫոҪסиʱݡһâ֮նգ£һʱ䱻ն롣
ʱиŷӦ˹һ֮ɫһߴ󺰣һԶȥ
˭Լĺ±ţľ־ĿܵǵԸ죬˺öҺҶСʥǿߣܹĿռ֪˵Ļ
ʱ־Ҳһܹ޺ۼĳ֣һ֣ӹļˡ
վеҶСʲôû˵ֱʩչľڵΪǿĹ
ۡһѪȻ˵ϣಿλıɫҶ״飬ȫǸ˵Ϊˣ˵ࡣ
˵˲Χ˵ľۼܶ߷ɱ˹ǺݺݵĲţֱӴһȭ
תۼ䣬ľĿȫǣµȻľ֣ľָеһɢӶ
һӶʮ˵ľСӣΪ͵ĶأΪõĴﵽʥء
Χʱľֵʬǿήһ㣬ˮãΪһѳ
ǱɻݾɵģȻһg
˭֣ľСУΪߵֶܺ
Բ֮ڶûһӰľɫΪѿ
ǿɱֻ࣬ҪԼ˱ɱǾԻıǲ̵塣
࣬վɣּ˵˫ĿΧ·ҪҶСҳֻΪʵ̫ˣûǸ
ãû߳´ŭû˳ĻټеĸѪϴС
ľԾķʽ⴫ӣÿ˶ܹ˵ʲô˼
ʱУܶ˶һĿ־壬Ƿŭ֮ɫ޲ýЩȫˣûǸ
ʱ顣ҶСչԲǧﶼҰУдͳУֻжٶľ֣ٶУʥ֮ϵĸ־һʮΪߵʥسڣʥصˣ˵Ϊ붼ʥһء
ؾޱܶ˼Ĺʹﵽ춥壬һЩˣ׷ײʥʥŻ
ϾʥҪ֮еĹʥһضػ˺ܶˡ
ǧЩ˶Ϊ֧һµƪ¡
ȻֻвʥǲĵãҲ˵ʥ̤
磬ǽеǿ߶նɱ˰ɣʱС۹ͻȻ俪˵
ŶҶСɻĿС۹֪С۹óȻ˵ֻ˵ĿԵġ
ȻֻС۹ٴεҸоֻҪǽеǿնɱͻõԼҪĶ
С۹ĻҶС簵棬ӵ۵˹ȻԼûи˵£Ȼ֪˵ܹδı仯
áҶС˵ͷȻС۹
䡭ҶС·һһ㣬ϿµƺƵɹɾܾȥɲǼ䣬·ߺܶͣŵķȫɣݺݵһ¡
ҶСƣʥصľɫһ䣬ȻܹҶСʵǿޱȣͲǶ֡
һֱΪǵ͵Ʋ࣬ǣǰ߳һʵղնɱˣ
ôҶС絭˵
ɱľ֮ˣҪܵصĳͷԼַԼΪɣܹһʥصľһ˵һӣҶСԷΪܵĪĶһ㡣


1581 ߰˹
㲻ÿЦľնɱô֣ôȥҶС練һ䡣
ҶСĻʮ˵ɫѿޱȣǴûǸྐྵȻſ
ߣһ壬ôܹǸ߹ľأʶȤĻԷΪҪȻǻһʥһ۷ľֽ
ľǿ߶һ߸ϵӣҶСΪޱȣڹǾƲ࣬·͵һȡ
˸߰ӣҶС뽫һڵأ˦ʮƣȻȫۼһһˮĭѾĸ߰
ǽǵΪˣȫڷѬǣǿ
ôûãʱޣϽԷΪʱˣɲҪԹǲӣҲΪϣҪȻߺߡʥΪľǿһͷ֮ɫ
һȺʲô߹壬ҿ͵ȵ壬ǻ˵ҲˣҵΪǸߺֻּܶܶ࣬ɽȫնɱȻԷΪ˵ǲ͵ȵʲôҶСЦһ˵
һȺҰˣƶ͸޴ûмô޴ġ
㡭ʥһ۷ĸȻ˵һɫ·һҪֵӡ
ĿһɨҶС粻мĿһǣƾǶʮҵĶôûӵʱ𣿾ǽжٶȫйҲҵĶ֡
ҶС仰Щ˵ɫڱˣдһ˿Ŀ־壬ҲҶСԷΪˡ
㡭ô֪жôٸֵģһľŮӲ˵
УûҲ֪顣ҶС絭˵ͻȻ䣬˫ĿһĹâųƳգǰĿռ䶼ڲһɿµƻҶС磬ȦȦɢγһ籩
ҶСͻȻ䱬ƣľȺһɻ󣬲֪ǳʲôˣܿ˴𰸡
ҶС˵һץǰĿռ飬һεӿ
Զһҽ϶ľǿˡ
ǵҽҶСǰĿռ΢΢һӰ£ȴһҪλڵҶľӣ˵ΪѾʥأʱȴޱȣήңһ첲Ѿˣ·ǱҶС˺
ˣĸ첲˲λһƻṹĸ첲ܹ
ҶСһһһöС͵Ļɫգתۼ䣬ţҡҷ·ǲѤĻ䣬Ϊޡ
һľЩ˵ɫ˱䣬Ϊľ֮Ȼܹܵǻֻ˼㣬ռ䶼Ť֪¶ȵʲôز˿ɣһմȾǶԻữΪһŻҽ
ɫɢΪƬƬ꣬׷׶䡣
ʥصǿǿ־壬촽˶Ҫ˵Щʲôȴû˵
ľ𣬾Ǹĳȼϣʹ֮Ϊʢľʥصĸ־ҵȼܣһ䣬־ͻΪһѻҽڵƬҪҶҲȼˡ
һĻһ֧ľСеĸһг˿־壬Ƿ·𶼿Լȼյĳ
㡭ԷŹǿԲ׷նɱľֵΡһľǿ־֮ɫ˵
Цƾһܹ˵еĸֶնɱҪ׷𣿡ҶСЦһ˵˶٣ҶС˵ǻûŪơ
˵ţҶСһ죬һɿµľһ۷ĸֱһɾ޴ųҶСǰ
ٶȼ죬ͬҪסѾ̫ˡ
㡭ʲôҶС纮ɭɭ˫Ŀ۷ĸֲ˵˵Ŀ־塣
ղնɱʥصĸǶʥظڶԷжͬϣοأ
֪ļ䡣ҶСǹһЦݣһָץľ˵֮ϣһεӿ˽ȥ
ַ·Ϊпĳͷһ㣬ɫͷ亹ֱ˫ȭգ첲
ҽƿռ䣬Եޱȡ
һжһ
ʱ䣬ҶСͣѾȡľ֮˵ļ䣬ľϢԺֻΪϢĸûУҶСһ֡


1582 С۹Ĺ칥
ľ۷ĸֱҶСȡ䣬ܲʹ֮У飬ֱӳ˰׳ա
˫Ŀ񣬲Ϸ֣ҶСһƷâ֮ųֱӴǵಿλǸλǵԴȪһ飬ֱ
Ƭ̣ľǿ߷·ǱʲôȡֱӻΪһѷĩ
㡭㾹ȻɱľˣľΪʥһصĸ𾪵ĿҶС˵
ûʲôҲҵģҲҪҶС˵һҪֵӡ
磬ҳְɣҺþöûк͸սˡҶСո׼ֵʱС۹˹
㣿ҶС罫ĿͶС۹һӣ΢΢룬ǵ˵ͷӦ
˵ûмС۹ֵӣ֪С۹Ĺʽȵȡ
࣡С۹Ϊ˵ҶСһڣ˵лл硣
˵ͱɢһֹϢءĪ⣬·Ǻӣޱ档
һ˫ӱΪɫϸȥĻͻᷢɫһ֯һ˿ߣɶǹϸˣֲޱȡ
С۹˫һ̧ץ·ʲôץһ㣬һɫâзһĹ켣һֻץĶ
С۹ûйǣһֻһööСͱɫҶƬҶƬһ㣬ɢϢ
ಿλĶԴȪ
С۹ٴһһɵĲеĳ˹һ嫵к£ϵܡ
ǡЩһСҶƬȫ飬ʮתۼ
һĻҶС綼Щˣû뵽С۹սǿ
ĹƣС۹ʵܹʥسڵĸ࿹⡣
磬ұֵôС۹һĿҶС磬˫ĿѾָԭӣںڶ鶯СŮӵĵƤ
ֵĲҪŬȵΪ󣬸һȥնɱǿߡҶСЦЦ˵
Ǹ˵ģҪŶС۹ҶС˵
ȻҶСЦЦ谮С۹Դ
ղС۹ľֵ龰һһС۹ͲǣֱӺһĹ˿߷ǹ˿߶ЩľǿߴµĻԹ
С۹ܹȥδܹؼ䣬һһĹҲ֮С
ʱҶС綼ûֶΡ
ˡҶС˵նɱʮľǿߣȻľǿߵע⡣
磬һܶˣҲ͸һսС۹ҶС˵ǿ
ðɣʹߣܡҶС˵
šС۹صĵ˵ͷ
ಡһӵʱ䣬ĸֳ֣Щľĸ֣ǵΪҶСиͲ
ľ˻ӣתۼ䣬еľȫۼ˹
ԲڣûһӰЩѾˣľ־ۼȻ֪ʲô飬ȥ»ܵ޶˵ֺʹȥ
࣬ΪܸߣΪҪնɱľ֮ˣڶľΨһʥسڵĸĿҶСʵлһ˿ļɵ
ΪҪնɱҪⶼҪɵĻһ£ΪľҪأҶС糰һЦ˵
ΪմԴʵȻҪˣһ仰˵ĺãǿʳ
ȻûʵǿҾնɱǣҲһǶûʵǿˣҾҪնɱǡ
仰˵꣬ҶС˫ĿһĹâųʹö
ۡһľǵԴȪȫݻ٣Ĳˡ
ٶľ֣תۼֻʣʮҶСʵȫʩչĻ·ֻܹʣ֣˻ȫЩʹҪЩ˸е־壬ڿ־
һĻʣľǿߣжӿһɺǸûпҶС֣ȻкܶͬѾˣֶֹΣǴδ
ˣȻ˼ɱЩʵ͵ˡʱС۹˵һƵı顣
㡭㾿ôʥسڵľ־ĿҶС˵ҲҶСʩչֱնɱ
ľأǺ˴ģû壿ҶСʵ
ǲʥسڵĸ΢΢һ㶣漴ҡҡͷش


1583 һ·
ôȥɣҶС˵ٴʹó
ۡһľһǳɫѪҺɫήңϵϢתۼͻΪһѷĩ
ľʥصĸֲڣÿӵʱ䣬һľ֮
ɱɱ
ǲܹԴУնɱ
һ֣ͬھ
ҶСɱˣܶľַ׷һҪնɱҶС硣
ЩľϷǳɫâϢɢ֮ɲº͵ܹ֮ǰԵޱȵġܹӶ֮
ҶСΧռ΢΢Щ֮Ͳܹ롣
ɱҲ֪˭һ
еľֶˡ
ݡһɫҶСе׼ҶСסе׼ҶСֱӴ̴
˵ĶˣʥسڵĸҲˣϵƣеıɫâγһڳݺݵҶСնȥ
ҶС类һУ϶д
ڶ๥ҶСϹҳһ˿Ц⣬Ȼվԭزʩչ
ۡһľܶˣʥسڵĸҲˣϢ٣ϡϵļƤһֲڡ
ҶС綯ֵʱС۹Ҳʾ֣һľĹ
ס֡ס֡ԼһһʥسڵǿߺĶڵѪ
Щֿɶľδ֧ôһնɱȻǳʹˡ
ЩǸԭΪǣЩ˶ˣ׼཮Դһû뵽ҶС磬˷۱ʧذ
ʥسڵĸֶҪˣҶСֹͣ˶
ʱľĸֽʣʮǻˡ
ҵʱ޵ģشղʳǸ⡣ҶС˵Ŀ·Ƿĳһ㣬̽С
壬ľΪ߹ĴڣΪǿӵвЩСͼһ㶼׳֣ǰĻ϶ģ͵͵ǰͨľУ˭Ҳֲǡʥسڵĸʵʵ˵
˼Ҳ֪ˣҶСĿˡ
ܵҶСĿ⣬ľǿһϽ˵ҪĻҲδûа취˲׳֣ǸȤ˻ʲô£ͻ֡
˵ˣҶС¶һ˿ʧЩ
Щʥسڵľ˵
磬˵ĶġЩС۹˵ĵС۹ܹжϳ˵١
ȻҲûʲôˣȥôɣҶС˵
㲻ɱҡҿķԸҶСĻľ˱֪ҶС綯ɱϽ˵
ҶС¶һ˿ıӣֻӶʮâ֮ų
ݡʣʮľȫˡ
߰Ҳ໹Ҫһֱɱг޾Ǻͬһʱ
սͲһˣУһĪĳ裬ʧȥ˶ܡ
вڸ߰ҲⶼΪı䡣
ǱӡʱԴô㣬ܲ˶٣Ϊ˵õԴȻƴɱ¾ǵĴ½ٺ󣬾ͲһˣعޱߣӵиָԴȻȥƴˣϧԼڻܹõܡ
ǰΪԴɱ¾ΪԴ
ѾˣûһľִˣȥȴĵһֱôȥҶС罫ĿͶС۹С۹⡣
ȴпľ壬ʺС˷ʱ䣬ôһ·УֻҪľնɱ˳УͽеľȫնɱС۹Źâ˵
õôһСӣɱ¾󣬾ȻûаĲʣ·Ϊսɱ¾Ĵڡ
ãͰ˵ȥ죡ҶСЦЦ˵ȻС۹һ·ϲжȥ
һ·ϣҶСչֻҪľֱ֣նɱΪԼ֣Ϊ΢С۹֡
һ·ϣ֮˿кľļе֪ĴǸ޴ĹȾȻѾһ룬ʣһҲüΪңÿ춼дģս
ϢҶСһпٶȣ²һʱ䣬ཫɥʧأܶ˶Ϊķ²


1584 
ҶСС۹һ·ϷУٶȷŵĺֻҪǼľ壬һŹȫնɱ
ڴͬʱҲչ鿴ܣֻҪΧгУԻϴһգҵľȫɱ
ʱľĸֶڰĴǿ½ӡȲûмĸִڣеĻ㹻ҶСͷһˡ
һʱ䣬ҶС߹˼ʮСУ֮ûһľ֡
ȻƬ½ûľ֣УǲûŽһҪЩŽֹҶСҲֻܵķˡ
ҹǹ貣֮ϵԲ̣ҫ˻ģƺ»Խ£ƬսҵĴ½͸˼ʥࡣ
ҶСС۹סһͳеľƵУȻסȫѡ
ҶСдնɱľǿߵһĻӡĵףҶСҪϢƵϰȻ˫ֻӭдΨﵡҶС硣
ҶСû׼Ϣ׼УǣС۹˵ҶСľǿߵļʣС۹ĻҶСȻŲɡ
׷ڣС۹ɳһ߿ϲͻ̫ǣһ߳ʳʱޱȣܹ鵽һСӣϰǸСѧɵġ
վڴǰѾ˰̱زĳУһ㣬ڳкޱȣʲôʲôʲôоʲô
·ϣΪľԭѾֹͣͨˣû˸ڵ·ϿһԭǣľЩ־Ȼǿı䳵й켣רһ˱ըǾͻʮ˷ܡ
ԼĿֽʹ֮ϣעҪ̭ġ
ԭ򣬽ͨõȵȶܵӰ죬Щ˶ͣˣеĹ˶˼ңЩϵеְԱԶְš
ĿģҶСгޱȣɶ簡Ȼƾ̤
磬ҿһִܡҶСӾ޴ĲʱС۹ͻȻ˵мƣ
ҶСһתߵС۹ǰ谮Դǲ԰׵С۵˵Ժ󣬲ҪôƵʹûУ
֪ˣ硣С۹һЦգһ£۾磬ҺۣϢˡ
˵ţС۹һԴҶСĻУ۾һϾ˯ˡ
ҶС֪ˣʹ˶Ԥδĺܴ󣬲۲Źأ
Ѿͷ֪ǿҶСЦЦ˫Ŀ
ҹ賿ʮո죬ҶС͸ܵһɿֲϢӿϢЯ֮ҲŻԵ
һϢĻ֡
׼ڵҶС˫ĿǰĿռ΢΢Ť·Ƭռ䶼ܲסǿѹ
һʥڸ֣ʥ۷֣ôһˣҲ̫СҶС˰ɣҶСź˵
˿еС۹Ľ˴ϣϱӣ˫һһĹ켣γɣعγɹ
һööĹ˳ѹķ
ҶСһ֣ЩĹâʢһȫǴһΪ
ûգŴҲʧˡʱľѾǰվ鿴еĸ
ҶСָһһƬ飬΢΢黯Ȼʧˡ
ϿգӰչ鿴Χһᣬ˫Ŀʱʱ⡣
ҶСȴնɱľǿߣľĸ֡
ΪǶ߹壬Ϊģֻ׼նɱ࣬նɱǣһնɱǵˣǾԻܷŭΪǶǵ衣
ͰĴǸȷսʱиֲ鿴ΧȵǷĸûиֺ󣬾ͻɳԼǰȥǸȣһΪ˶Ϊ˾ԴǼ档
ΪЩСҲֵ֪ȻҶСһնɱǴĸ֣ǧˡ
ϢһӴݵľ½ʱиǰնɱɶࡣ
ˣûʲô֣ȥһѰҰɣһľǿ߶ɫ̷˵Ͻ˿ƳɵĴ£һݵӡ
Ӧû⸽ϰߣÿһطͻնĸ֣Ľ·һֱϣڣһֱҵϵЩУû⵽ϴľӸ侲˵˫Ŀɨһ㣬ϸĲ鿴Χ


1585 ս
ͻȻ䣬ľʥظ˫ĿбųɫĹââ۳ռ·Ƭػ˼֡
ߡľ˵һ֣ɫâȫľΪʥ۷ĸʧ
һٹ⣬һƬ಻ϵɽɽдУɢϢһֻԣ׳ɳĻԡ
һգһµվշ·ڵȴʲôȻҶС硣
רһƫƧĵطսŷƻС
ͻȻ䣬ҶСһ֮⣬һռ΢΢ľֳ֡
һľ룬Ǳ˴˼ܹĿԷڶԷϵĺëܹһĿڸ˵ôһ룬ͲǾ롣
Ǹһ·նɱľֵˣľʥصĸֶҶС˵һ֮У·ҶСһ㡣
ҾǣôˣˣҶС糰һЦ
ȻôʹĳˣôҲʹȥľֶҶС˵Ȼ΢΢Ƴһۣ¡
ǣˡľֹ˵˳һľ롣
ľظ֣ϵ˳·ǻɽ緢ƬռУӿµγɵķ籩
һɹɱɫ·ɽӿϣ·ɽϴֲʱÿݻޱȣ·ʧȥˮ֡
űɫľۼľϷ·һצ졣
ҶСվ棬һɷâ֮ų˺ռ䣬һ߹գܹնһУЩâ֮ڻһȻˡ
徹ȻǿǡȱһϺõıΪʵĲϡľֿҶСϱŷķâ֮˫Ŀзһ˿̰֮ɫ
ô˵ģȴҶСӣΪ͸ҶСΪҪȻҶСվգΪҶСǸͨˡ
ô˵ҵǼˣҼΨȱһԣڻУһܹüǮҶС絭ĻӦ
ľֻ϶Ѿѧϰ֪ʶľǿȻ֪ҶС˵仰˼
ҾˣһὫƳӡУѹǧ꣬㿴ôƳɵµġľߵ˵
ϱɫâӿϵľھ֮ڷɡ
𡭡ľһǧζСռ䡣
Ӱһվͷ֮ϣһɫĳҶС
ֻҪǸ¾СҶС練һ䣬һ죬â֮ӿ۳һ£ܡ
ԶԶȥ·γһ޴ĳһ㡣
ľб̹ת̺·ֻҪһۣڵͻ֮ӿ١
гϱɫâ֣˫ָ߾٣Ȼݺ£µͬʱͻȻþ޴ͷ·һ֮
ˡռ𵴲ֹɹɾߴȥһɿµѹ޴󳤹·һƬռ䶼Ѿˣǿѹġ
ҶСǰ̤һ¿ռ䲨ȦȦӣ·ȹһա
һָ˻Ϊһ⣬˹
ԶĻͻ֣ᷢһ޴ĳһ޴ĳ
ҶСֳַâ֮۵ĳƳɫâ˲ľǰ
ĽָųһΣ໥һ˭Ҳκβ˭
䡭
һɿֲΪı˳µιȥ·ɽһһ鵹̮ǻص
˱ΧƵȻ˿µǿޱȡ
ǡ
ľǿеĳҶСһ̿һѷһӡ
һĻľǿɫһ䣬һֻһ죬ָһıɫ˳ȥÿһΪļһ㣬˶̵ľ룬ҶС㡣
ߣȻľֿսĻû˵ͣһŵӿҶС硣
ֻЩҶСǰʱͻȻʹ͸գ·ҶС֮һ䣬ƾٶٿ죬ҲﲻҶСǰǿռãҶСڲ󷨵Ĺġ
ߣ˭ҶСЦһһγɡ
㣬滨ƬƬ裬ųȵ˼µ¶ȡ
žžһЩȫȼɲǼȼճ˻ҽ


1586 ľ
ȫȼͣľӶȥ
ƣľǿɫһ䣬һҶС˹ȵӿһ쫷硣
쫷УϨƲҶС·׼һƽҶСˡ
ҶС˿æһֻͬĳ̺ſֲΪ죬Σɫ˲
ءӡһɲǼ䣬㾲·ǿռ䡢ʱ䶼һ㡣
ǡͷ
䡭µĻΪһƥӣڲһ΢СĿռѷγɣƬռ䶼Ҫˡ
ҶСӰ׵ľ룬ԷҲףν˱ϿƾС
ֲһ˾͸նɱô֣ԭе㱾¡ľֶҶС˵¶һ˿ļɵʱѾһˣһֱиƻڰ֮Ȼ޷Ϊ졣
ҶСǿȼΪ£Ѿ֮ˣûûܵһ˺첲ȴһɴԵ֮Ϣϵļȡÿϸеԡ
ҶСת֮ҶСո׼֮ɳʱͻȻ䷢֣ǹһεš
ҶСѾ֪ǹʲôˣɫ̫֮
һŭɽХҶСзâ֮۳ɵĳʧһɹϢڵ
˫лķԲϰٹڵŭӿ˹
ɲǼ䣬ľҡΣɳʯûκεȴ˵ľ־
ҶС˫Ȼл֮䣬ŭĺЩŭĺ·˵꣬ΪĿ£ķŭŭԹ·һںݺݵĴǵ꣬ʹ
ľϳһ˿ʹ֮ɫʹһɵĴɫƮȫָ
ľΡľǿ¶һ˿ɫ˫ִһɫЩɫȫӿ·һɽ
ɲǼ䣬һɽǸһ㣬еľ̲ݶʼҡҷ·ںʲôǵȴʲô
ͻȻһ̲ݳ˳ĲҶž֮ϾЩľĸ롢ֲ׷׳
ԶԶȥɫߴɽгⷽա
һȵȣⷽռγһ޴Σÿһ֣ǿȾͻһ֡
ҶС·ûвһ㣬˫Ȼڻʱ򣬾֮Ϻ죬ڵסǳ¡
ϲ໹ҶСٴһ䣬һֻԭӻһֻȴһĪĹ켣
ꡭ֮ϣһҫ۵ĵ߻ƳգҫԲϰռ䡣
ડડһĳ֣һεεˮν¡
ˣȻǣҶС֮ʩչĿ¹ʽ
ε£ؼ䣬һֲ֮ӣһϢ·عһɹɿµк£Ƭռӡ
һӰƬռγɣÿһӰòܹǵıܱߡ
𡭡һ·ǲķŭĲʣⷽռ𵴡
ӰСγһɫǷŭ֮γɵ
ЩɫܴһӿЩγɵΣһֱӿľǿߡ
תۼ䣬ƬռûһɫĴڡ
̡ͻȻ䣬ЩǱʴһ㣬һήľǿҲо˲Ծε䵽ʲôطʲôطͻữΪƤԴ
һĻľǿߴ󾪣ಿλһɹɰ֮ӿȫҪֹε£ڿٵš
һɹ̴ЩЩήðŨ
Щ·ʧȥĳ֧ȫɢ£ĹУǻΪ˻ҽ
ⷽջָԭ
ŭеĻ棬ȼյķʽڶ⣬Щľǿٻֲȫȼճ˻ҽ
ʱһҽ
ľǿע⵽Щ̺ǿʴԵΣûע⵽Щɫ
ɫΪ˻ͻȻȼϨ𣬷·ҪȼճΪҽһ㡣
ľڻþ˰취Ҳ޷ڵĻϨ
ٺ٣㱾£ࣿϽȥɣˡҶС翴һ֣


1587 
㡭ľǿǿʹ࣬зһаһɺ⻹зŭ֮
ٴβҽһɹ̴ӿ˵Ƥһ·Щ··ļƤ༡תӿΪҡ
ҶСⰦ̾
һжҶСģľַŭľԽǷŭڵĻȼյľ͸Ϊҡ
ŭֻҪеŭδƽ涼Ϩ
㡭ľٴβҽһڶžȼ̲ðһҵӡ
·磬ǹȥæһԹսһֶ˵
ߣľһͳҶС粻Զǵ˫ֻΪ˳ҶС繥˹
֣ʮµǾһ㣬ֱ£ߺɨһֻߴƿ֮˹
ʮԸָķʽҶС繥
ҶСһһ죬ʮâ֮ųռںݺݵĲŤ
ۡÿһâ֮ûЩڣ˳ǰУߡ
ҽľֿзЩǵâ̴֮Ȼоʹࡣ
һɷâ֮ѾҪˣһľֱ֣նɫҺ岻˫ʧȥˡ
ۡûǸ׷һɫѪҺݺݵ׷˳ȥֻһǶˡ
նԼ˫۵ľֶϱ۴ɫâ֣תۼγ첲Ϣ½˺ܶࡣ
ҪĴġ
ɱľִһ˫һɫâûա
˲䣬һˮͰһϸľ£ľһм̣Ϊ
ҶС˫Ŀųһ죬һûӶⷽأƬռȫĽӰ
ǡһľҶС롣
ۡҲҶС룬һƬɫһҶƬ¶
öҶƬͱҶСУ·ϸС˿Ѫһ㡣
ҶСеĳٴλӶնЩ˿ߣľߺ˲ήһg¡
ʱҶС罫ĿͶöһҶƬҶƬ·ӵһ㣬ҶСѹ£ҵš
˼ҶСЦЦһɢöҶƬһͽ֮ջ˴ָڡ
Ĺܹ죬ŭƽڵĻ治𣬿£ûмĸְɣʱһΪʥصľ֡
ʱ˺ܶ࣬ΪƤȥһΪ̵ס
ҶСһ֣ͦģȻܹжϳʵװ
㾭ڶȼյʹ࣬ȻҲƶϳľƽĿҶС˵˫Ŀĺ⣬ɱϡ
ӣǻüսˣȻˣȽǴɣǵսҶС絭һЦеĳһӣһΪġ
ݡƿնȥתۼѾ˵ľǰ
ֵۡಿλ̴ԴȪƻȻȻˡ
㡭ľбųɫâ·޲ýҶСж˿顣
ߣڵˣʶʶľΪǿĹľ˵
ϣɫڣ֣ɲǼ䣬ͻΪһľľĸûգȡ
أľʮӵʱ䣬ͱжʮɸߣï֦Ҷգɷ֧֮һա
ĸ뻹ڲû
ҶСоþĳɳ̺Խǿֲ
ಡ֦ҶС繥һ֦໥֯ơ
תۼ䣬ⷽձһ֦һΣЩ֦ϹЩâǸյ
ҶСݲȵĶЩ֦Ĺûնϣ֪նЩ֦֦ΪЩ֦ʵ̫ˡ
ҪҺ𣿡ҶСܹоЩ֦γɵľҪȸղŶԷʩչľʱıҪǿĶࡣ
һſֲ֦ҶСҲͷƤ飬ÿһ֦ʥظֵȫһô๥УҶСҲһС


1588 Ը
ҶСңȾ֦ĿֲĴ㣬û뵽ȷеİ취֮ǰᷴ
λãʱʱͬʱ磬һֲʵĸоھ֮£ݲȵĶŹ
о޴ɣأĸգǾ޴ɣ֧յӡ
޴ϣƤ΢΢ζˮĲһ㣬ӣͻȻ䣬һϣľֵӡ
ߣҾͲܹõĶȥľǿЦһ˵оǲм
þҡΣ֦У֦ԽԽܼҶСĿռҲԽԽ١
϶УӦûʲô취ҶСüͷ˵
ʱȻܹնЩ֦ЩùЩֻ֦ųɵĶѣնЩ֦ͲܹκӰ죬Ҫһ취ֱնɱı塣
ôľֻЧ²ԣâ֮ҲУ²ȷâ֮ﵽĸǰЩ֦赲£â֮ϡ
ȻҪ뿪׾ٵ飬ΪնɱԷȻܹôˡ
һ΢ΪҶСûע֮£һ֦ҶСĶϻһڡ
ϵһڣҶСüͷ仹ǺʫΪԼģĿм䡣
ܼ֦УҶСһ߶ܣһԼѧѧͷ
ܼĹУõģƬռеľ̫ʢˣľ֣·ɽеľ˳һ»ֱϨ𣬻ľⶼȾģ̫Сᱻľˡ
ʱ֪ʱܷƣͻȻ䣬һҶСԺ
ʱݣת˲ǧ꣬ҶСĬһĶãתǻΪ壬˷ֲʵ
ڶܵĹУҶС˫ջһĹ켣
һĪƬռеľǿȻоһ˿˿ĲԾ̫ˣΪ״̬£ҶСܹ˺
ʱƬռ΢΢ع򱻴ˣһʱк£һռȫ֡
ʱⷽռŤ·Ƭռ䲻ʱС
ô£ôǻ£ϵ֮ôʧͻȻ䣬һſ־
ꡢꡭ֦дɫΪ˿ݻɫü۶ϣռ΢΢֦˴죬ৣʧȥ֧һ㣬ȫɢ¡
ܣô㵽ʲôϵһŭ־
ΪʲôҪأҶСЦһ˫ּ
֦ÿݻʧȥȻ£ԭյľֻʣ˹ͺͺɣ쳣Ǳ
·ïʢգת䵽˺¡
ҶС˫ּ䣬һ켣ʱ򣬾޴ޱȡ·֮ɳ˿ݻɫܶ붼Ѿή
ʱ᲻ݴҶС˫Ŀųֵվһնһֲķâ֮
ˡռϸ΢Ŀռѷ֡
ǲĿռϸ΢ѷ죬濴й
ʱľǿҪ㣬ѾǸˣΪԼ̶һռ䣬붼ҪƶΣͲܣֻҶСһâ֮
νԸԼԼ
ꡭ޴ֻ赲һȻ󷢳һþ޴ɾͱֳ롣
һö̵ҶƬ¶˳öҶƬ̺Ű֮
ҶСһ죬ɫҶƬವķ˹ҶСС
ɫҶƬҶС·Ҫѡ
û뵽ҾȻһӱɫҶƬз
ף㻹ûҶСֵʵ
ˣҪָҪܳʱ䡣
ôָܹĪǽƬҶУܹһôˣҶСʵʱԷѾԼУҲ³ʲô⡣
ΪЩֲӣһ˲мĲֻҪҷһľϣҾܹǿľ
ԭˣľͦȤġ
ߣǸ߹ľɲǵͼܹȵģղҹõʲôҴûмĹʽ
ʱǡ߹󡯵ľ岻
㡭ˣ˵ʲôҲûˣû뵽㾹ȻܹʱԤУһΪľĵˡ
ľ壬ĵˣһһҵ־ͱɫͲҶСᶨ˵䣬һâöҶƬȫȻս˴ָС


1589 ǿƵĽѩ
ҶСվգĿɨķʱԲʮڵĿռ仹΢΢Ǿûлָס
عı䣬ռ˲٣ѹҲ˲٣ҪȻⳡս¶ܹӰ쵽ˡҶС
ʱһƬ಻ϵɽܴݲУܶɽϲѷ죬Ҫ̮һ㣬Щ̵ľïı̲ݣÿݻޱȣһսֺܵĲ࣬֡
ʲôʱǶҪһŶ֮ľη֮ġ
˵⻰ȷʵǶԵģҶСսУܹܵıɽϷֱ·ܹȾ
ҶС˸ɽ֮ϣɢǧԲǧڣ·糤һ
ҶСĿ֮£Щ׷ûɽУƬ̼䣬ЩήĻľɢµĻܹܵ󻶿Ϣ
ܵɢĻҶСҲҳһ˿΢ЦʱԼûиоΪ־һ˿
ֻܹЩˡҶСӰһʧˡ
صķȴС۹ѾɳϿӣɫϿѾָ˺ܶࡣ
㻹ǳ˱£ȻܹƳ粼õķġѾ״̬ҶСС۹Դ˵
磬ܿЩС۹գ۾һ޹ӡ
粻㣬Ϣһ°ɣһ뿪ҶС˵һߵ˴׼
磬߰ɣ첻ҪһֱˣߵֻҪл˾СС۹˵
ҶС˵ͷȻͬС۹Ļ·뵽ʲôһ㣬üͷǸ˵ԺҪó㿴㣬ողŻָһʲôô죿
֪ˡС۹Դ˵һ֪˵ӣȻһϴӣȴûаϴ֮⣬ܹóҶСеĹġ
Ժʹʩչ˵ĻͲҪʩչˣҪȻҿǻƨɵġҶС˵˺󣬾ͱ˫ĿָԼղһսеġ
ղһսУʩչʱת˲ǧһʱоһе˺ܶ࣬붼Լʱ䲼кܴĹϵ
ʱʵҶСȻֻһƤëܶĶֻǷգûͨʱ󷨣Ȼһͷˮ֪⡣
ܹʱĻΪѾͻǸ硣
ڶһ磬ҶСֱ뿪ˣС۹ûзߣչֻҪΧڵľǿߣ⵽նɱ
ֹʱ䣬ҶС綼֪Լնɱ˶֣ļУΪʥصĸֶնɱˡ
ҶС֮ľȻ⵽ϴ໶ҶС羴Ϊ־ޣ޲ýҶСնɱ顣
ҶСӡȿʼڣȻֻж̶ʱ䣬ĴѾȣһ֣кܶ඼¶֮ɫ
һЩԼﾹȻҶСʯľݣһжҶСû뵽ġ
ȻһҶСţǰҪҶСնɱĳ衣
ȻǵٵĻֱӾͿˣҲҶСŸסˡ
ҶС뿪һĽѩȫȨǻԼŶ³սԵŮȷʵڹ̸зжصĲܡ
ҶСаװǾ̨󣬺ܶ˶ʵһȻޱȣӵѵܣѵУ˶ǿǱ
˷׷жֶǰ׼ҶС֡
ʣĶҶСϤļˣҶѰѩСȵȣҲ֪Щ˺ҶСȽϤΪڣСĴۻ档
ǧҲûϵҶСͲڣĽѩ
ĽѩһϸƶˣԼϣεĿס˿ɿڣּۻۺ󣬸Ĵ˿Ц뿪
ǳɹˣһεĽףǸûռκεıˣѾߵĴۡ
һĽѩ˶ᰵͬʱĽҶСȢһš
лԼöСʹɫæ¶Сûûε˵ۼеĸҩҺһ仰ù¶вѪɵø̾ȻŮⰡ
Ҳ׼˵ûܲٸһۣίľܾˣֻ˵Լûʸ룬ǻĽѩֵ⣬ԣˣĽѩ粽á
Ȼһ̸֮󣬶ںҶСϵļĽѩԵһ㣬ҲʾԼһ⡣
˵һӶ£ֻʣһڣ


1590 ټ
ҶСѾˣΪѾľ߲㣬ȻÿսЩľȫնɱˣǣʧĸƶϣľ߲㻹֪ҶСĴΪʥϡ
ΪնɱҶС磬кܶΪʥϵĸֶӡȣȻ֮ĻкܶΪʥصĸ֡
ǶΪնɱҶС磬άľϡ
ǽٺ⻹ǵһαôǱһֻһˣܲŭ
ЩߵȡҪҶСնɱľȣҶСɵ͵˺ܶ࣬նɱҲǰһдĵնɱǲɫһնɱȸַʱҶСѾʧˣֻѻҽ
ҶСС۹ΧһжʱҶСΧڣʥصĸִڡ
ʥظ֣ҪսʤкܴѶȣΪܹﵽ۷塣
ʱܶˣһ֣ͻᾪΧĸ֡ҶС
ѾдֽˣȻɳʥظֲǺܶ࣬ϾǵĲصڰĴǸȡ
Ǽռ˰Ĵ֮һĵ󣬾⵽˴ֵĹֿͬսУ飬γһϵͳܹеĹЧضľԡ
ˣУΪʥϵĸ֣ɳһ֣רŽľռУ͵ϮһЩ֣ÿ춼дĸ
ȻǹĽҲ˺ܴĴۣЩиֵ͵ϮľҲһͷۡ
Щеĸ֣ҲɳʥصĸǶԷһ㣬λս֣ʥǿҲ޿κΣʱߵʥظҲ͵Ϯľʥظ֡
ڲѵ£ľ嶯øǿߣγһΧȦһǿ֣߳Щľ̵ֶʱڵ
һʧ˲ٸ֣ҲľֵĻܹɳӡȵĸֲ࣬Ͼﲻǵص㡣
Сˣǻǻȥɣ̫Σգʹһʥ֮ϵĸִڣҪҲ鷳ˡӡϱһϿճľ֡
мһˣɫƤëΪᣬΪѾʥسڣǺ֮ɫֵΪʥ۷壬ǶӵĻ
û£ʶʶֵʵľһ˵ϻзڵս⡣
С˵ս⣬˿Цһ£С˲Ÿոմӱչ״̬߳ܺ棬ǰ
ûʲô֣ǵСһºҲ
ڰ·ʱ˵һʵǿߣƲ£óһֵۣΪʥ۷塣
֪е㲻ĸо׼Ȱ˵˷ľ½Ѿˣôܷأ
µȺģһ飬˶ʱ˾׼һν֣뷨ʥ۷ĸ֣ǲΣյģʥظ֣ҲܹȻ뿪ȻΪʥظˡ
Ʋ⣬ԷʵûнʥأڲԼΣ£ȻҪĴˡ
Сˡ
˵ˣѵǵʵܹҵİΣһ˻ո׼ٴȰ˵ȴһӱˡ
С˵Ļ˸Ͻ˵ȻܹСİΣ
ǲ͵ˣȻܹңһʲôľ˵ǰжȥ
껤΢΢һֻ̾ø
ղԼСʵܱܲԼİΣȻҪ˵ˣǲҲҪ˵ܣҪȻǵСΪǷ
ǰУǽȥľ˿ԶһͳУð˷ܵĹâ˵
ǡ
޶żҶСС۹Ҳи
ףͻȻ䣬ҶСͣ¶һɻ֮ɫѾˡ
͸¶һָֹ֮߰Ϣ
ѵľ岻ɣҶС
磬ôˣС۹ɻʵ
С۹룬ҶС绹˵˳֪ǲľ壿
磬ǿһ㣬㿴С۹Ըµ˵
ҶСֵԥС۹鿴ǣС۹ѾʩչˣС۹Ĺ
磬ǿδ仯ǿ͸ֻ̬ҪܹǵҰΧڣҾͻûʲôġС۹˵


1591 յ
ðɣߡҶС˵ͷӰʧˣ˾ľ
ҶСϢˮƽãǸûз֣ˡ
С۹˫Ŀ䷢һ˿΢ɫâǶӷ·ܹ͸еһС
磬ľ˲ͬľദСҶӶǱɫģദСҶӱɫΧǵĽɫС۹˵
УҶС֪ľľһС۹ĻҶС֪Ҫҵˡ
ʵղŵʱѾжˣǺȷֻС۹ܹ޷Ķ
ҶС˵ͷʹС۹
˵̸УҶС֪˺ܶණ磬ľǵһ磬һмΪ档
Լһң˽һУУͨһţŽֵӡ
ϣֿʱôµһ㣬æ룬Ψֱ˺һ㡣
ľ˿һͷˮ֪ô£ȴûʣڴһʱ߽һ¥
һĻҶС֪Էʱ֮ڲ뿪ˡ
룬ҶСԺбһ⣬ҪնɱˣõദĶѣʥ۷ֵı͵ϮҲѡ
һιɹͻݾߣԺҪ־͸ˣˣΧڶֵΧ¡
ߡҶС˵һһʹƬռʧ˾ʮһƬãɽС
磬׼ʲôС۹գŴ۾ʵǺ֮ɫ
ô㲻ܿ׼ʲôˣҶСЦЦʵ
Ǹ㲻ʹС۹Ƶ˵
Ǻǣ绰ĺӲǺúӣȥ֪ҪʲôˡҶСС۹СԴ˵
С۹ɻĿУҶС˫ĿйâɨƬɽҰУÿһÿһӲĲ鿴
Ƭ̺ҶСΧɽƣɽߺͣԲϰڣЩɽ·ֲֲһӸ߿տĻͻᷢЩɽγɰ͹ƽЩǴĺۼ
ڲʵϣãһɺƴΰⷽص
С۹۾һգգΧЩ֡ɽγɵ·ʲô
ЩƸúҶСйâƬɽϿ̻·Ȼһִ֮΢һ㶫ˣֻҪܹóնɱΧֵ󷨾С
ûҶС׼̻󷨣󷨵Χնɱ֧ԮҲ¡
˰Сʱʱ䣬΢΢ĴһҶС˫ּлӿһööĹֲܡ
ʮӵʱ䣬žŰʮһöľͱҶС繴˳ʮһöĲûѹܵգûɽ塣
ûɽɲǼ䣬ɽǻһ㣬һӵĸо
ҶС粼󷨣Ƭغûиı䣬ͿκεĶֻῴɽƺ⡣
ѾˣͿϹΪؼ⡣
£ҶСѾ⣬ڲ֮ǰѾһµĲԣϸĲ֣Ҫٳˡ
۹Ÿ磬罫ҶС翴С۹˵
С۹֪ҶСҪҪȥĻ϶ţǹɵĵ˵ͷ
ǺúӣԺ󣬸ȥطġС۹˺˵ҶС˵һ䡣
ҶС⻰С۹۾һĵ˵磬ҲҪƭŶ
ҵȻƭġҶСЦЦ˫ֻӶɲǼ䣬С۹ΧʮöСͷģЩΧɽںϣʥ۷ĸִﾭܷС۹ټ
ˣܡҶСС۹һ䣬С۹ǰΪľ˵ӣʧ
ʱûʹת컻شˣоȻôһȥɲǼ䣬ͽľڵǼҾƵǰ
ۡһҶСƿֱ˽ȥлһǰţһֵģ
ԱóԺúȵĶҪǸˣʲôУСҽƵˡҶСװһһȵ˵ģֱľЩ֡
ģǸСܵ죬׷ϰ쾹Ȼ׷ˣҶСȻһ˵һʮַŭӡ
⽫ŵúܴҾƵгľˡ⣬ľ֣Ƕʳһңڵӡ


1592 ϵ
ҶСһſԵ̬ƵУеľֶĿͶҶС磬¶˼ɫǶŸղҶС˵Ļ
ҶС׼װһŻŵӳƵʹ󺰣ץַ֣ʽϹϸôððʧʧĳȥ£»ǰȥȡɲ㡣
רնɱľֵĻķУҪ
λǰղ˵Ǹǲ⼸նɱľ֮˵Ǹ֣ʱһΪʥصľǿߣʵ
ʱҶСֳʥ۷ΪһҶС֪ҶСһ֡
ΪѾﵽʥأʱѾһˣһˣͺҴսһһսȺǲر顢޹⡭ϧˣˡҶС紵רŽսĳݵѪڣ·侳һ㡣
ղҶСľ˵ĿԽԽˣһԾԾԵĳ嶯ˣҶСһϲһɽȥĭûа׷ѡ
ղڸʱҶСѾƶϳľ˵Ļ桢ûԶš˵ĳ嶯
һص㣬ҶСר˵ĻĿľΪȤ
ԭǸֵΪôǰΪӸȻܹܡľ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ҲǽҶѡҶСǫ˵
ǰܷͬһʳأľ¶ڴ֮ɫʵ
ԣǶͬһ壬ʲôġҶСˬһЦ֪ǴһƬľעأţ˯˾ͷǡô
ʱҶСһšһƽ׽˵ʣĸ˶Ϊ㣬ύѶࡣ
ǰҾʹˡľֶԼľơ˹
һһľĸ˹ҶСͬƬ̺󣬾Ʋ˶ѾϣҶСһ߳һߺȻⶼҶСƵġ
ĵĶеĶҶСȻǳ˽ᣬľЩûļһｲʲôɻȵȣ²
λֵܣһ£ҲԹ𣿡ҶСľĵȻ֮ʱľ̲ס˵
ԣһӻкüλأܹԵ֡ҶСһЦ˵
ҶСĻľ¶һ˿ϲɫ˹ҶСߵλϣҲһࡣ
ľ˵ľٶǲûֹϾҶľʲôģοҲҶСġѧʶԨ
λֵܣҿ߷ǳϤľ˶ŵƷζŲȣҶС˵
ӶԷ̸ֹͿԿݱȻޱȡ
û뵽ųַľоȻҲ־ֹŵ
ǵȻˣҪҪ˽ǣ˽ǵȵȣ˵ûҲ˽ġҶСһں˵
ҶСĻЩĿе֮ɫŨˡ
ҶСѾ˵ȤϵѯҶСָ⣬ҶСһһΪ˽
ܿ죬һСʱʱ͹ȥˣľ˵ȤߵʱҶС˸ǡ
һ⻰ЩľгŨŨĲᣬǻҶСȥ
λֵܣҪȥľѯʵ
ȥѰ֣ѾˣܲԶ˵ʲôطˣΪľˡҶСһȻӣ⻰ֱѾ˵ľǸĿȥˡ
ɣǺһȥɣӰջһЩľ˵һĳϿ֮ɫ
ҶСװ˼һµӣ˿˵˵ͷҲãλֵܺ㣬ǾĴʥظˣһܹնɱֵġ
󣬿˵һһ˾߳Ƶꡣ
ֻȥģľַҪҶС룬ȻȲҾͳȫǣ¾ͬˣȻ֪˵ĿΪ˴øйһЩĶ
һжǳ˳Щ˸ûһ˿ĻɣΪؼľҶСıԼӣΪԼҲľˣӣ˵ƤӣЩ˶š


1593 
ҶСĴ£һҶС粼󷨵ķϷɱȥ
·;УҶСַԼĿڲţϲЩĶľЩ֡
ߵ벼󷨵ƬɽǰʮľʱҶСͻȻͣ˽ŲҲֹͣ˽һɻӡ
ôˣľɻʵ
е㲻ԾҺǸоϤζҶСüװоʲôǰУͬʱűӣ֪ڸоʲô
ҶСĻľֶĿ˿ܣҲ鿴ǵĿⶼԾƳɽһۣ·ʲôһ㡣
ʲôľ˷ɵҶСߣ̲סʵ
ͨղһʱĽҶСĸоһλḻǰʱǰоʲôԾʲôûиоȻѯһ¡
ҶСûлشĻǰУᣬе˲ʮʱҶСװһصӣղһȷȷҸұ֤־⸽ռлϢ
ҶСô˵ľֶɻҶС磬ǲϢôһ¡
ľ岻ͬÿ˶ɢһֶصζ³´лζζɢڿУֻҪϸţͻоѾսһˣζҷǳϤ϶ˣҶСᶨ˵
һ˵ð٣ľֻ汻סˡ
ȷʵÿ˶ɢһζͬˣɢζͬѾ죬̥ǣ嶼ɢһζ鵤ҩζǣﵽ־磬Ŀƴﵽ״ֻ̬ҪŲζζͲᷢЩľȻ
ɵҶСֱӿᵽһζ
ģģᵽһζֵζ𣿡ľ˸˵ؽ·˵һǳ˵һ㣬ҲΪĲƽҶСĿⶼͬˣǾ壬Ľ
ζǰ棬ǹȥľ˼˵һǰжȥһζ
ҶС˸ں棬һжҶСƺõģһжóɹԲָˣǵľֻҪʵʱһ¾ˡ
ףǰһɽܲζķ붼һɽСľŹâΪܴƶϵ˵꣬ĿͶҶСȷԼƲ⡣
ҶСĿһ˵ȷʵпܣһɽһɽ󴨵ζʮֻԾˣ붼һɽˡ
ҶСͬĹ۵㣬ľ¶˷֮ɫѾڰˣȥһҶСݣҶСһĻὫΪôһλḻĻһ¡
֪ǣһжǸƭ֣˰ƭ˻ҪǮ
ʲôȥҡľ˵һ䣬£һɽߵҲƬɽС
Ȼе΢΢֮УȴûлʲôϾҶľˡ
Ҳ߰ɣҶСľ˵һ䣬Ȼ£ľҲ
ǽ󣬾ͼľһʲôͬʱһɻӡ
λֵܣܹŵղǹζôŲˣľ˽ĿͶҶС硣
ҲŲˡҶСҡҡͷȻζʧˣ붼ˣҿ
һ˵ţһѰһᣬܹܲûз֮ͳࡣ
ּʵ̫Сˣĸߣʱ̾ţ֣ҶСվǰһ֣ͻ⵽赲ȫһֱԼֱ
ȻҶСҲ֪ԷڷǣѵɵϰߣΪ޶ȵıԼӡ
תΪľֵӣҵõΣҲ͵Ϯ뿪ˣҶС
ףôվﲻȥѰλˣҶСվԭأľɻʵ
ѰˣûǸҪˡҶС絭˵
ҶСɫҶС˵Ƕое㲻ԾǾȴ˵ָо
Ϊʲôľ˼ʵһɳʵ׵ӡ
ҶСû˵¶һ˿Цݣ˵ǰָԼıĿ


1594 õ
ҶСͻȻľ֮˱Ϊ࣬ľ֣һ֮ɫǵĴԶЩӦˡ
ࣿǸնɱľֵܶࣿľһʥ۷徳ĻҶС˵ǽ䱸һʱ׼ֵӡ
ҡҶСʹĳˡ
ֲĶôϤԭ㾹ȻǸ࣬αװľֵʲôͼѵΪƾһ˵ܹǶԿɣһʥ۷ĸź˵Ȼô˵ģѾԷʱȻұ¶ݣ˵˼Ѿ˶Ըǵķˣֻڻ֪ʲô
ʲôͼһǾ֪ˡҶС絭һЦһľˡ
Ϊʲôôأľ˲·ڻûзӦ
ľ춼жȹ֪ҶСҶСϲ£ΪԼһλˡû뵽λˡȻ࣬˾޴ķһܲˡ
ûʲôܵġҶС絭˵ɲǼ䣬˷·Ǵ֮졣
һ·ǺһΧɽǻһ㣬һɹӡ
ת˲䣬ⷽȻһ䣬ǸоԼ·һƬء
ɹһ֡ɽתŷµΰ
ҶСѾʧС۹ߣС۹ǳɣҶС粻ڵһʱ䣬һֱȴš
󷨣Сˣ󡣡дһ
ҶСС۹վڵһжҰУûʲôܹӳƿء
ǾõȽϺãʲôʡҶС˫Уε󷨡
󷨵ĳֹܷ·Ǽһ㣬ռ䲻תһɹĪӿɲǼ䣬˶˿һ˺һվڶ涼ԷҲ򲻵Է֮Сռ䡣
Сˣ
Сˡ
ľߵԼҵСѾʧˣʱ䣬ͷǺ飬һŵӡ
ǵС˳ʲô飬кܶ˶ŭ⵽ݺݵı
һƬУľ˫Ŀɻ֮ɫĿܣ֪ںεأҲе㲻
ꡭһ׵콵䣬ûһ˿ף˸Ӧ
׵һӾľϣһɹɽζϴ
ɫѿޱȣ˫ĿɫâһɫâƤתƬ̼䣬һ·ϣЩ·йâ
һþӰ֣һþӰԵеĽɫһɿµϢɢϢһ־Զɣϵĸо
ҶСܹоǹϢһþɢģһӰܹɢ˿µϢ˵ľΪϣ˵ʱʹڡ
ȡ˴һһȭǰĿռںɲǼ䣬ȭͷΪһ֦м˵֦յһҪƬռƵס
ǡƬռ䲼ѷ죬ռǾһ飬һռƣһ㣬ֹ
Щռ䶼γɵģʵΪǿĸֱ֣Ӵƿռ䣬ͨԭռ䣬򣬸Ͳܹ߳
ӦһЩˡҶСȻ˵һУ£γһ߹գƺɢܹնһе
ݡ΢΢ɲǼʧľͷϣֱն¡
ಡ˵ķӦҲɫ֦ɢγһ֦֯ɵĶơ
ϧ赲ˣǿն̺ʥغڸȫһֵܹס
ǡɫĶ˲նƣֵĹϾӰҲնˡ
ۡһڱɫѪһڱɫѪҺлһ˿˿΢Ľɫ˿ߣܹ졣
һ֮£ήҲˡ
ϢɢƬռ䶼ܹ롣
䡭ٴܵһ˶룬ıɫѪҺ
໹ڣն徹Ȼϵơ
ʱҶСͻأ䣬һץһƬԵΪɫıɫҶƬС
ˣҲúұġһöҶƬз


1595 
ߣʱӭҶС˵һӱĨöҶƬеʶȻöҶƬ뵽˴ָС
ʱľ˵Ϊ˷ĩһƽɫâɢ˲ʧ
һĻҶСһ𣬸ղнɫâֵʱҶСоһɼΣյϢָоܹ֣ҶСҲϲ
ɫɫʲôأҶСüͷʱʧҲɢ˽ɫĹâǵɫâƼΪƴ󣬷·Խʱ䳤ӣͨСռ䡣
ʱ˺ܴ𶯣һ룬ɫһ̺ʲôܡ
Ȼȥ֪һ㣬ҶС
ӡȻû̫ƽô󣬵Ҳ޼ʣľ½оһö䣬Ϊҫۡ
ľ½ϣдеĻľЩľʢ֮
ͷֲЩľУͺħֲͬħǴ⵽ڣΧ͵ȵ壬Ҳǣľ岻ͬƬ½ϣķֲûʲôԣ˵Сһ
ľ½ĵشľ壬һݸ߹ΪӵϵȨ
ƬĴһüΪϾ޴Ĺù˶ٸû֪·ؿʹһ㡣
һùΪ޴գ֦򣬾˵½ϣܶľһùĸѿ³ɵľҲ֪þжôĿֲ
һþ޴òˣľػ֮ӵ޾֮ÿһľڳʱ򣬶ܵһϴ˵һػ֮ġ
ĳϽľ˶ػ֮кϵ
Уһնľ˵˲һùȻ΢Ļζҷ˵һĻһ˶ˡ
ľӵкػ֮Ĵ˾ϢһѾȥˣһϢкܶ˶ŭ
ľ߹һ˵ľͳһ֮˾ȻȥˣǶô顣
൱ǹŴ׹һ𼫴𶯡
֮˶ӵػ֮ػ֮֮Σգػܹ֮Ӧõġ
˾ѵ飬ľλá
岻ӵо޴Ȩӵʱڣһʥغڵĸֱټʮʥظ֣һɳľ½ҶС߷
飬ҶСͲ֪
ľ֮ʱУΪĶѾˣҲϢ٣һҪӡ
ߣľǰҶСС۹˵ûˣǵѾעˡ
С۹ҶС˲ͳͳУȽС۹գȻΪľӣĴ˵ľĳĳĳطִսںǰȥæ
ҶСָĵصǲôǸط
ʱǸطһµĹâŷӿһиִսӣҪ鿴Ͳܣɢȥ
ҶС罫ϢС
ҶС׼ȥʱͻȻ䣬С۹ɫһ䣬˫ĿȫΪɫƬָ̻˹
һ˵磬ǸϽߣٲߵĻΣˡ
С۹ġۣʩչΣ֮ʱҲܹܵõһ˵ĸоΪ
С۹ı飬ҶСһ˵ͷֱӸı˷űжȥ
һ·ϣҶС绹ɻôΣأȻ벻ףС۹ĻŲɣǿС۹ŵӣȻѡȥûмС۹˵Ľ
ҶСո뿪ӡȣʱ䣬кüµϢϱߺƵ⼸ϢޱȣʥظֵϢ
ҶСһͷ亹ԼǴˣһ˵ǹƥնɱľ֣ͼľնɱ̫̰ˣ·Ѿ˶Էʥظûг
ղŲ뿪Ļʮʥظֵܲ鿴£߲ˡ
뵽ҶС粻ɵˣôľ壬ȻʲôֶΣ˵Щʥصǿ߾Ϊ˶ġ
ζ㣬Ҫ㣬¾ҪˡҶСС۹Դм˵
Ҹ磬Ժ㲻ҪðˡС۹ҶС絣ĵ˵
ģԺҲðˡҶСЦЦ


1596 ʧ޴
ҶСĿ֮£ܶľֶϵ󷨵ĵط
ЩֿƬ죬ӿʱǷ׷չ鿴ĶǵͲܹ롣
Ƭ̣̲סˣǽƬЩľֻΪһΧĸ֡
ǽ󣬾⵽˸ĺɱûн˴ΪˣϽ׷׽롣
ôԽԽľֽУ󷨵ǿĹ£ܶ
֮⻹ʲôڣǧΡֱݺݵĹʱʱػһ㡣
ûжãľʮʥصǿ߸˹Ƭط춯Ȼˡ
һɽϿ֮ʱ·ӿһĻüͷ
˾˵طӦþӣľĳԱġЩУһ˶·˵¶һ֮ҲľĳԱһΪѾﵽʥغڡ
ˣһе죬Ǳʲôڸһ㡣ʱһľʥسڵĸ˵
ߣСֶζѡľ˵ɫâų۳޴ơ
һ˫˺·ҪƬռ䶼˺
ʱһɽǻһ㣬ȻĶؼ䣬ӿƬڣһɹӣռüΪȹ̣˵˺֮һЦû˺Ƭռ䡣
ղŻ˵󻰣ⲻСֶΣԼ㡮СֶΡӦˣ˵ԼûãоԼڷգԼ˵ǰôˣԼԼü⡣
ˣƬеŵһ𹥻Σд˿˵ΣϽ
ûв´Ļ󷨣뽫ľУһնǺݶһɫƤµ궢Ƭǻ۵Ĺâ
Ŷ󷨣ֲˡ¶һ˿ĻȻ֮ɫΪԼһܺµ̨ס
ֹ󷨹ƣһҪǵ˾ȳľһŭᶨ˵
ǣˡ
ľ˵Ĵ£ЩľһͷųԼֲơ
ɹɿµⷽյԲǧﶼܹܵƺƣУе˶оһĪѹ·Ǳųصɽһ㡣
ݡʮƿЩʥؾľÿ˴ȫһΪһƿ֮˹ȥ
ڿҪҶС粼Ƭʱȫںһһ
䡭һ𶯵Ŀ
ȺɽռŤǸǻǣ·ʲôһ㡣
һɽȫζͬǴ
䡭һֱԼΪһĹ˺Ʋ񷣬ĿռѷγɣҶС粼õһӱƳˡ
Ƴ˲䣬ҽŲҽǲ֫壬иɽʯȵȡ
ҶСɽִȻ಼֮óģƳеɽҲȫˡ
ӵʱ󣬹ʧĿռѷҲ޸ˣʱһƥܱ䣬һɹγɣƬŰ
ʮľϱɫâȫЩƥʯͲܹ
Ƭ̺󣬵䶨ԲʮȫƽأɽȫʧˣܻкöľǿʹĺС
ľ˫Ŀ絶Ƭɨ䣬鿴Ĳ鿴ɫԽԽѿȻѾˣ࣬ľһŹġ
Ȼĺ˶ˣߣǲҪˡŨҵɱ⡣
֮˵ĺ˾ˣоһ㶼ûио˵һǶԷˡ
ŭһͼ࣬նɱľĸߺ󣬶һնɱһ壬Ϊɳܵеĺ˾ȻˣΪ顣
˿ܣֻľֶˣ˫ּ䣬һƬɫǲһ
ɫ֮Щ˵ľָֻһƣѾжʲôƵĸӡ
Щľĸһ˰ݹ򣬸лơ
ϽȥˣҲһֵϡĿһɨ˵
ǣˡľֶ˵


1597 
ôľ֣ȴûץסҶС磬ֻţľôأ
úܶľȥҶСҽӡУʥ֮ϵǿȫնɱһжҶСûԤϵġ
ȻҲ֪ʱѾص˻ġ
ոջصȪжߵһҶС鿴һ£һ֧µĶȻŬѵ
Ȼһɣ绹顣ҶСС۹˵
šС۹ɵĵ˵ͷǰ߳һʧƬա
С۹ʧҶСӰ黯ҲʧƬء
ȪУڷоͻȻ˫Ŀӳ£±ŷĪΰ
ǰĿռ΢΢ҶСӰ֡
ѾõˣĿҶСһۡ
ţҿС۹æҪȻʱڻòľࡣҶС˵
˵ͷߣľñΪΡ
𣿡
ڡ˵ͷʮ˵Ȼվ׼뿪
ðɣˣ֪ɫǺأͻȻ䣬ҶС뵽⣬ֱӿʵԼ¡
ɫҲ񾳸ֲе񾳣ڵᷢ޴ı仯ɱΪһָΪ߼͵漴е㲻ĿҶС磬ôͻȻ⣿
ҶС罫ľڵƽ⣬ʧʱֵ˵Ҳ֪ôģɽǸؿռ㳡Ľɫ
ҶСĻ¶һ˿ã֮ɫʱϳʹɫ΢΢һΣһҪӡ
һĻҶСϽǰסϸ֫Էڵء
ôˣҪɣҶС絣ĵʵɫˡ
ָüĴ˫Ŀ
Ƭָ̣˹ȻǸµӡ
ںˣҶСʵѾˣе㵣ġ
ûˣһЩ벻һͻͷۡΪᵭ˵·ûʲô¡
ǾͱˣҪǿԼҶС˵
ʱͻȻһ˿ĲȻŤͷҶС磬˵Ѿûˡ
û˾ͺáҶС˵ͷܾе㲻ԣΪһֱ
ĪôأȫһŮ֮ˣôᡭҶС
֡¶һ˿΢΢ŭ
ҵ֣ҶСһ㶣漴Ӧ˹Լֻϸ֫ϣʱϽ˻һЦ
ҶСԼڲÿĻ᲻ὫԼָˡ
ʲôϽߡüͷҶСһۣӰʧˡ
ҶСɬһЦֱӴԽռ䣬һڵ졣
С硭ҶСովǰһΪ
ŤͷһǰĹ㳡˹ɫȹһͷϷ봹䣬ɫɫĽϣ
ϲΪʲôʱصģҶСǰʵʱΪȻѾͻʥﵽʥسڣٶȻܱȰĽѩʱʮѵҲ˱ҩŵʥ۷壬ǣȴѾʥأⲻС
ųصģȥ㣬ȴ㲻ڡĿҶС˵һĨǳЦűķɡ
ţҳȥе£ոջһһ֡ҶС˵ͷЦ˵
ʲô֣˵Զˡ濴ҶСһۣչôˣû뵽Ѿôı仯˲š
彵٣عԭ򣬵ȻҲǴûûȥЩˣҶСͻȻ뵽ļ塣
ȥһˣѾȫ˰̵ˣҲ׸˰̡¶һ˿Ŀɬеʧ
ҪҪǶٹ
ˣ·ԼѡģҲãҿԳ׵ĺǶϾ˹ϵɢһɱʹϢ
ˣЩ¶ȥɣҶС簲ο֪п϶Ƿʲô飬û˵Ҳûʡ
š˵ͷʲôҪҰæģ
æҲˣ㻹һҵϵţǧһ£һ飬ȫǹ
ЩŮӶŮˣ¶һ˿΢΢Թ
ҶСͷЦЦû˵ʲô


1598 ȡѪ
滹׼˵ʲôʱ񹬴дڴͬʱȰɫĴŴ򿪡
ҶС֪ȥ˵Ƚȥˣʱġ
˵꣬Ͻ񹬴ȥһǱӡ
ҶС߽񹬵ıӰ˫Ŀ룬΢΢̾һ˾ʧˡ
УҶС绹ܹܵ˵ϲ棬Ǹ˲ϲŮ˶ǿҵռģ޲ȫеŮԼ
ҶС绹о˸ӾԣûȫҶСҲܹ͸ʲôϾҪĽѩȵŮӵѾһˣٲǰ
ɢŵ»Ե񹬴Уһɢŵɫâ滨գεŴڵ»ԡ
ҶС߽ĿһۣȻ˵ľóɣڿʼ
áҶС罫öԵΪɫıɫҶƬӴָ˳һӣҶƬͷ
ƮȻ£վ˱ǰ棬˵׼ûУ
ҡΣ·˵Ѿ׼ˡ
˵ͷһһ¾γɣֲڱߵķûֹͣתۼγɣڱϡλ
һжöԵΪɫıɫҶƬƯ˱棬˫ջźƺ»ԣâҶƬС
ͻȻĿͶҶС磬һҶСʱоֱһʹͷһֱֻѾһڡ
ʱһ·ҪѪҺڵ̺ľߣҶСûз֪ڲɼľѪ
˲䣬һöʺޱȡ̺ǿѪδҶСֱɳ漴ΪһѪ
һ֮ɫһɹǿıɫâöҶƬӿк£γ˱ɫνС
ʱ򣬱ɫβǺȶвϴ»ԣЩһС
ӺȶˣֹͣѾȫɫâ
ѾˣҶС罫ĿͶѯʵ
ûУ׼ѾˣʲôʱܹΪξͲ֪ˡ񵭵˵һ䣬Ӱ黯ʧˡ
ô뿪ȥȪУҶСЦһ£Ҳ뿪񹬡
һƬƬһһֲ㣬·˵ʱķţһУС۹¡˲̸֪ʲô
ҶСӰͻȻǰ˿ʵôȥú
磬ƫģȥС۹ң治֪ףסСͣһ˵˵
ûеҶС˵С߹סҶСĸ첲磬֪飬´δҳȥòã
װʲôװյС¡
С¶֮ɫĿա
СŮӣҶСǺһЦʲôʱǵΪܹС۹Ҿʹǳȥ
⻰ºնԴһƵӡ
úлġҶСЦЦˣ£㽫Щ򵥵󷨶ˣ
ˣ磬ϿһЩ󷨰ɣһҶС˵󷨣µ˫ĿޱȣһΪȤӣ˵仰ʱһС۹
֮еѧϰ󷨣ҲΪ˶ԸС۹
ҶСЦЦ˵ͷӦԼյ󷨵֪ʶ£˲ӡܹǰͨ͸֪ʶŻʾ
ˣϽŬȥǶԱ֮󣬸ǳȥպܲ˵ɫҶСŵ
ģºʵ
Ȼģˡ˵ţҶС뿪ˡ
ߵʱ򣬸Ҷһ仰ú˵ܹ磬һ̫ˡ
仰տѾˣЩеĵȻס
ҶС׼СŮӵģǶ٣æµԵȥˣҲȥʱȥˡ
ҶСҲ׼ʱһʱ䣬ϧħ̫ȷջǷˣҪȻиո˹ؼʱ̣彵ˣƵѪ
ʱʮսšһ֧¶鶼ڼΪ̿ѵΪںͺħսдȥΪ赲ħ½һѵ
ȻЩҲû˽ĵģЩ˽ĵ׼ҶСڵĶѧᣬȻڸЩЩҶСûȥܣһ֧ǿ󲻽ʣҪָԱ
ΪҪľָԱˣָԱһľ˵ͻ鸲


1599 ս
ʱˮһȥתۼѾʮˣһʱ䣬ҶСһֱæµŲ󷨣ڲ󷨵Ĺع
󷨱ǶعһڹͣٶҪܶ࣬ﵽ磬ΪҪľ
ֻҪ͸ˣΪȻһǧǵ񾳣Ҳĳֶûͨ͸Ϊֹͣǰ
ʮ죬ҶСżѵһһ֧飬ͬʱҲ󷨡
󷨣ҶСѾˣʣľԼѵˡ
ҶС罫Լȫ˲ϣʱٸһµʱ䣬žǳݶȵ󷨾ͻȫóɹˣʱ󷨲ܹӳһ
һ飬ҶСȫŮЩ£ڲ󷨵ĿʱҶСҲȥŮ²ҲҪ
һǧ̨豸ѾȫͳȥˣҲΪǰȫɹˡ
ڸӵе豸ûȫãȻȸ˸˼̨ȹ񫡣
ѵϵͳӸȡ˸ҩ伮ȵȣЩѧԱѧԱǡ
ҶСⷽɵĶ࣬ʥ֮ϵĸֺ˼Ҿûȡ
Һã쾳ЩʷǷ˲٣ֻҪʱ䣬Ƕܹɳ
ѧԱѾﵽˣһɿµǱȻÿ컹ѧԱ롣
ڷᰡϡоѵ£ĸֲЩǶԿĺ
عı仯ؼޱȣ˶ֻҪһʱ䣬ͻдʥֲʱԽֵԽ࣬޷ȵģΪˣ¾ϵûеһĵࡣ
죬ҶСһ麫ԴӳΪҶСŮ˺󣬺Ĺˣɢһ֮УºĵĽϣγһֶص
ͻȻ䣬ҶСĿһ˶ķĿأܵһļµϢǸϴ
С磬ôˣΪ˸ĺޱᣬѯʵ
ºħҪˡҶСǳ֮ɫȥˣǸôôõġ
ţСĵ㣬Ƕϣܵʲô˺˵¶һĨǡ
һҶСںĺ촽һǣ˲ʧҶСʧӰ⣬һ촽ƺҪҶСζ
ǧҪǿǶ㡣Ȼһȥ
ããУһ֧Ŭѵƺƴ󣬿µɢһʱѵǵľòı˺ܶࡣ
ÿ˵ı鶼棬ɢһһǰѪ֮
ҶСӰһ֮⣬Ŀһ֧顣
ͣ¡ҶСƽ˵ȻĻƽǴ͸ǿѵÿ˶ˡ
ҶСȫķӣ֮һӵʱ䣬е˶ͣվããϣĿͶҶС磬ȴָʾ
ΡҶС˵ĸ֡
һ֧Ӱ˲䣬Ǿͳվ
һ֧ѾӵǧЩ˶ַģҲˡ
˵ĳܶ˶Уÿ컹д˵˾ĵϣˣľҪħͳˡ
ҶСĿһɨ˵ħѾˣԵʱˡ
˵꣬ҶС߳һ˾ʮ׵ĵطͣתŶķ
ҶСĻкܶ˶Сеڴе㲻
ǹɿµϢƽܾﻹԶҶС绹ܹĸоǹϢаŻԣѪȡ
ݡʱһ⻮ʣһӰͻأҶСǰ
һɫƤµŮӣһҶС磬¶һ˿Ĳ죬Ѿ֪ˣħѾˣγĸֻʮ׼
˿ҶС磬ҪĻͳеսţ׼
˵꣬ŮӾ뿪ˡ
ŮӲûбӣĻ˶ˣħʮʱеɫ˱䡣
ʱغһƬֻʮսţܹҲʮһ㣬Ͳܹ˼ȡ
⻹ҿ˺ܶˣҪȻʮսֻˣ͵ֵס
ȻҲֻʮսŵĸֶԿ壬Ȼɳսǰ
ҶСԤУһκħҪˣԶԶܹܵǹϢ֪Ǳ˶ľġ
ʮĳţڱˣһδģսҪˡ


1600 ί
ҶСվգĵȴźħĵǧʥվϣ֮ʱһѣһԶһֽĿͶҶС磬·Ҫ˵ʲôȴû˸˵
£ҶС罫ǵƷȻʵﵽʥκһΪҶСסˣͷӲ£ҶСȻûýǷӡʱҶСȻ
ʱȻħĶ黹ûؼȴƽޱȣֱѾ˼㣬𾪵ãã󺣣Ȼһ˿ζûˣһ̲ˮ
Ǵ籩ǰףԽƽȵԽ¡
һεսҶС缫ΪӣⲻϴҴ£ħȻ˳ֵ׼սĽΣϴεս϶ҵĶࡣ
䡭ʱһɹϢӴ½ɳԮ
ҶСϸĸһ£ɳսŻ治٣ÿһսŵ䵽һˣΪ͵Ĵﵽأܵ˵Ѿͻʮ
ܹ˶սӡ
˸ոճʱ򣬼һ࣬ڲּƻʵʩŶ˶ѾϿ˵Ĵڡ
ܶ˶ԼΪ٣ÿ춼ǧˣ˼룬˶ˣǱߵæµֻҪ˸ѡΪġ
Ŀǰ˵㣬Ǳ޴
ʱʧƬгһεѹѹ·ֱ꣬ÿ˶ое㽹겻Īķ
еҶС΢üͷ֪ԭǺħ󲿶ӽˡ
ɢһȦȦεһεɢ˶ƽ˺ܶ࣬ǿҶСĿͶͬˣʣе㸴ӡ
ͻȻ䣬һ紵糹״صƽųĺϴȦȦ
һ粢һɲģԽԽ󣬸ղŻǺ㴺磬תۼǿŭ
紵е˶վıֱƾԣڷ衣
ϣ죬ǧأÿһж̺ǿ֮ˣһεӿ£»ֱӱѹһ顣
ڣħĶҶСУһƬӴĺƣֱ֮ƣֲϢںзҶСȥˣȫ赲棬ǿµ赲
ҶСɫһ䣬Ȼ鿴ħĶ飬ƾоħĶ鼫࣬ԶԶֹʮ򣬿ʮУղŮ˵ʮʵ̫ͳˡ
ȻʲôûвıҪˣջȥ
Ѿȫˣ·Ǻҹĵ޾ˮ£Ưꡣ
ΪһκħĶʧҶСУһǵķֱӾҶСڵ
˿̣۾һգգߣһЩ̨ý˶ֱӵķʽһݵ硢ӣǿһĻ
ǾԲý岥ŵģΪĵģ硢ý壬˶һʱĿơ
ħ󲿶нٶȲ죬ԶԶûϴʱôСӵкɨ֮ƣɳ˺ܶࡣ
ӵʱ䣬ǵ˾ҶСٹĵطʱѾܹԼԼһźˣһֻ޴޵ĺϿ˶оļµϢǹϢޱȣһγ˿µıһͷųʯ쾪
ħۣߵսҲȡ˴ʩǶۼһеսսվǰ棬лһЩΪʥصĸ֣ҲкܶΪʥصĸ֡
ǸطĹԱһսǸܴ˾޴ѹԲսˡ
ʱҶСͻȻȥֻռ΢΢ղŸҶСͨŮӳ֣һء
ҶС磬ֻܹʮ˿ã˶ȥˣѪӰҲʼˡ
ǸأѵôˣҶСһһüͷʵ
Ҫ֪նǸȻĻҪĴôݵĻĻΣˡ
սҪץнϱߵľѾӡǣ뽵ٻѾԶˣٵȥľˡ
ûУѪӰǿĶķֱ£նЩ˶ѾܵߵҪУӣˡŮ˵
ߵҪˣ֪ͨϾͻ㸺ŮӿҶСһۣʧˡ


1601 ʵ̫
ǻ濴ңȻͳʮ֡ҶСɬһЦ
˵ʵڵģб̣û治࣬ϴܹ֮ƺħ壬޷㣬һս󣬵ڶбеʲôƲ֮ģ
˵ȻѾ׼нʮֽĴ㣬ôȻҪΡ
̫ˣĲǸˣĶŮǵɶԼˡ
ֵסʮֿʤ˼ˣħĴ᳤ֱ룬غ룬ĸ֮ػȫݣΪĻľͿҪˡ
ԵȫԸҶС¶˼ᶨɫ
ͻȻ䣬Ƭڰ·ʲôһ㣬ʱǾҶСѾֻİٹ·ˡ
ҶСɢ鿴ȥֻħĶֹͣƽɢ¶ĸ֡
һ֧Уɫ׵ĺħսʿҲо޴͵ޣһɹɿµϢھ֮ϵ֮ϣƲҷտ˵Ĺˮ
鿴һ֧飬ҶСһɡ
ʮʲôǰʮҶСڼˣƣ־ѹһּΪ𺳵ĸо
СʱϿܾʮôôǸʱڰʮֵĸˡ
ʮ˳һ㣬޾ֻѪƬռ䶼Ťǿɲͨİʮǰʮߡ
⻹ΪؼģؼǰʮУʥǿߵжʮʥǿߣǶôµһ۰
ʱҶСоԼסˡ
һ㣬ҲʥǿߣʥǿߵϾͲıһ̻ô򰡣
ĵǿɬ֮ʱҲ
ʮܹȫָӣұѵӣսʤǴʱһϣˡ
·ǸܵҶСһɫ۵Ŀ⴩Խռ䣬ͶҶСϣ¶һ˿Ĳм
ӵΪǿޱȣϿѾʥغڣ۷塣
ħҶСൽˣܶʥصĸҲˣһЩΪ츳Ҳܵˡ
ǵɫÿޱȣеȻ
һЩսУܶ˶֪һϻ¶һ˿˷ܣĺսһһ㡣
治֪ǿаʮʱܲЦµʱܹһƽľͲˡ
ҶС⿪һ֧ڵķӡ뻹ǾƳһ£ȵ֪˺ħڽ⿪ӿԾĻָʿ
ʱ򣬺ħĶУֳһɺɫߵķнȥ
ҶС翴˿¶һĨЦ⣬һֺħȥķǵ
ϴεʱ򣬺ħ֣ˣǾķչһʱ䣬ںħڷ©֮㡣
ȸСҲ⣬ȻСǹڵĸֺܲοǵľûΪķ
ºħôһΪʿΪ˸һڲҲɺüɵģһºڵһЩ˿Եĳɹ
ҶС鿴һ£ħĶжʮ֮ϣ֪ǹռµľˡ
ʱһӰҶСߣһɫ۵ˣһͷڰ׽ӵĳԺڿпҷ裬˵ƣΪѾʥأޱȡ
ͳʮ֣ûаմһ̣ɫ˵˫ĿʼźħڵƬռ䡣
ûһְնûУ˵ħ̫ǿˣһǰʮֵĻһսһĵġҶСƽ˵
ǺǡЦЦôãȻܹóҶС绰еĺ壬ڲһ壬¼ɱȽأοͼìܣǸὫʮȫ㡣
֪һѴ򡣡ҶС΢̾һ˵Ѵԭʵħ⣬Ĳ롣
ѴҪ򣬺ħľѾ֪ˣ׼ͳʮ֣һЩ˲ͬ⣬˶ͬˣħĶ鲻ɢĻߵĶͳˣҪú׼˵
ҾɣҶСɬһЦѾ׼ˣκħ˲ϴУԼȥɢĴϴΣǽеֱǰֻһأ
ǾԲٷĴˣٷ֮ʮֱӹ


1602 ޳ܵ
ǾһҪʤҪȻǻľͻΪʷ˶ҶС˵
ҶСϿɬЦݣ˵֪һʮѴ򣬵Ҳûа취ˣ䲻ܵУɢǺӸˣЩǵصȫó
Ȼû˵ҶСҲ֪е˼ΪؼʱЩὫصĸóЩֿЩĸЩֳʲô£ôҪˡ
㳲֮ѣѵ벻𣿡ҶС¶һ˿΢΢ʧ
׺һˣϵİΣҲżĴС˵˵
ҶСû˵ĬֻǾĿԶ
ʮ򵺹һɿµҪ׵ռ쵺Ǻ󷽵ĸݵءϬָ˳ź⡣
ħǴһ־սˡҶС˵
пܣӶԷɳӵķԷĽһλصˣһսѴˡ΢̾
ҶС֪˵ʵӶԷֻɳʮ˹򵺹ܹԷؽ
ʮ־Ϊ˷ֹҶСһӺ͵ϮȻҲΪ˷ֹϻʲôΣҪȻʮֱӽ뵺ݿһˡ
ʱħһ֧ʮ˵ĶѾ˵ԶԶɫ·ܹûһпµܾԶҶСȻܹоԶĿռ䶼𶯡
ɱսҽϴ
ʱҶС˰һһֱһĶ
εεΡһ춯һâ
˵˵һ䡣
ɲǼ䣬ӳһЩ棬һƬĻ棬ħ뵺Ļ֡
ҶСҲȥħײޱȣʮһ֮ſµƣѹһ赲
֮¥̮ܶѪɺӣһұϢӿ
ħһֲǸûзӦһЩСĶոȥͱ˼ͳһһĻҷ
һĻҲԺħֽ뻪ĺһĻҪȫеһУе࣬·ֻڻǲܹоԼĴڡ
һսǱʤҪȻʮڶŮ¾ʣ޼ˡĿص˵
ɱ¾Ȼڼħһ֧·һ̨޴ޱȵĻ֪ƣ룬ظɱ¾ֻҪǼ˸־նɱЩΪܵ͵ˣ˳۵˲ɱ˳۵ɱ
̶ӵʱ䣬Ѿ׵ĻһУһУֻĸ¥ɽһصѪỤ̃бİ
ʱҶС翴ħһ֧УкüֶĿͶ˹·ѾӦʲôٲ鿴ǡ
⼸һЦϻ¶һ˿Ĳмǲûʲô˲鿴·רŵһ㡣
ǵʵ̫ǿˣ¾ЩߺʿȫۼҲԶԿϣܹشһ֧飬ǻľͻһϣˡ¶֮ɫ
ҪĴ㣬ռǲṥˡҶС翴žʮ˵
εΡʱϵĸ߿ƼƷ
ǵеĻлתΪӮӰ
ǻǳְǣôӮѯʵ
ûʲôģϴκħǻĵʱǶװµӣκħǿˣռһУͽװҾԲͬ⡣˼ᶨ˵
ðɣ֪ˡӮ˵ͷӰӹʧл˵Ƭϡ
ղҲˣûмô޳ܵĹȣߣǰæȥɣм˫Ŀбų⣬һᶨӡ
ֳֺõ飬ȻȥһжӦáҶС絭һЦ˵Ǹ޳ܵĹȣҲûʲôøС
ȥæԭ򣬵һڵǸûκκøУڶȥæҲûǸʵ
ħʮѾںƣ״̬£˭˭ԿһʵһʼٳԸСĻһ̾Ͳٴˡ
ȷʵӦãǰʱһѪӰа񹦷ʱû˵ע⣬󣬵ֳɳ˾޴ΣʱĹע
ʱʮʬӡþӺɨһǻĳֲƽϢⳡѣаĸֲûܵ˵ڵʱȷѪ꣬ʱǻ
ǻȻæǻĵĸֽǽնɱƽϢѣĸȴҧһڣնɱ֣һȫǻһڣ˵ЩֱаϮˣɱĻͻΪʬΪһѵʼնš


1603 
ҶСһ޳ܵģûмô޳ܵģԼѸոƽϢѵԴͷǾͷжĥɱ¿Լѳ֣ƫƫһĽڡ
ĹǻãҵĻһὫǵĹȣñײе˸ײУǺһСҶСбų⣬ɱȻ
㻹Ǽ𰡣˵һЦ
Ҳ֪Ǳͬⲻͬ⣬ͬ⣬Ҳȥ˶٣΢̾һ˵
ɣ޳ܵĹȾȻͬ⣿ҶС¶һ˿˼֮ɫ
ʲôܵģϵĳЩ棬ڵǱԼиľȻ޳ɳЦһ
ҶСųĹâҪԼȥɣҿɲȥ
ףǸһŵԣǸһǿ϶ʲôʱͻȻ˵ĿͶһա
ϼһɣָ߿Ƽɲܶһ˷˶Ƭ˵
ߣߵﶼܹ㣬ǵ˰˱ùһϵд
ɲǼ䣬һӰǰһɫ۵ߣһʮӢĳƽʽԣͨ͸ˮɫ·ǲһ㡣
Сӣûɣ²Ʒеĵԣһ֮ɫ
ԷĶҶСһ񣬶ʥصĸˣȻһСǰ㡣
ȷʵûмǰʱְҶСЦЦ
ȻģҾϲЩ߿ƼĶһȻӡ
ôʱû㻹ӣٺ١˵ȻһҶСһ£λǾӿˣͷӾУҲԽӿǰôöûиԼ˼ҽмôҶԣһƺ
СӼӿǰǰҶС繧Ķ˵ȻУУ˶֪٣οǵΪҲޱȣǴĸ涼ֵҶС𾴡
ǿ⵺޳ܣȻ˵ǻĲ˼֣ȡӿ˴ӵۣһʮӡ
ĻҶСͼ˹ȥֻһҳдţļȣΪ
һ⣬ϸϢ˵ʲô˲壬֣ȥһԹۿΪͬʲôֱ
޳ܵĵĿôһñӣʲôͬˣıûУֺ˭С
ͷˣ޲ãǵĶӿ˵
޳ˣȻôҳѹˡź˵
ʱϣܶ˶Ĳôݺĵһʱ䣬һƬ
ʱ򣬵ѾбħϮˡ
ߣԽǷԽȥæҶС˵
Ҳ֪˸߲ľʲôӡüͷ˵һ䡣
ʲôѵ㻹ɣӿ۾һʵ
ȻˣҲ˵һ˵ܹȥȥҪҪǻĽϣǵϽ˰˵
ߣеġӿһȻֽĿͶ˵Ļ
Сʱʱȥˣ۵ԾȻˣʵ£ʱ򣬵ܶطˣĴѾ־ۼֹһУڴͬʱҲ˸߿ƼƷ
޴ĵмȵȡ
ʱϹڵ¼ҳϣϴ˺ܶҵͼƬͼƬġ
Ӻˣһ˿ʼ޳ˣʱϷֳɣһֻ֧ȥ֧ԮһΪӦˡ
ףƪдúðֲ۶ˡӿָһƪ˵Ƶ¶Цݡ
ҶС翴ȥƪµĹ۵ǲֻ֧İдƪµ˺ܶ۾֤˵޳ܡԶšɺ޵ȵȣЩ۵ķǳǡ֤Ҳʮˣе鶼д˳ìܡ
һƪ¼ֱеһǴԺ󼸺˶оǻãӦ
ƪ±תأƪ½¶˵кǵĳ
ʲôʱͬߵģһΪǰĺ͵֮ʲôìܣڶӦ÷һ¶⣬ϾԷĲ˶Թ
һֱӲˣìܹȥ˭֪ǻ᲻ڱǹοȰڣһ鶾ǧҪɱˡ
һʱ䣬ϵ۸ӷˣ̱ܶˡ


1604 ʿ
޳ܱ¶֮ҲӰ쵽˸߲ľһЩ־ᶨڴҲ˵װƣΪɡ
ȻȻͬԴΪڣһ˵ùûʣʲôΪĽʲôҪƽȫĹ׻ΪԼ档
Щ˻ģԷˣҪȥԣʵûжıغǱߵĸֶԸħˣһԷʮҲᶯģǶбˣԴǵó֣Դȥ֧Ԯ
˼ܼ򵥣ȻΪ˱ʾԼĴ壬ԼĸУǺðԼԼȥɣӣûκġ
˵仰һĬһ£ҲˣԴȥǲûôɵأ
Ӯһܼ򵥣ȴҲҲû˸£˵ȥǵԴḷ́ϧ˵۾ģͲᱻƭ
ңǻȻûгʱƣԽԽĳбռ𣬾ֱܵӰ죬
֪˵Ƥӣ߶ϳְæˣҲûýϷʲôϢȫȫħս
ȻҲȫ˶Աһνѡ
˻ĸ벻ǻȵĸ֡һ飬ȫ򣬲ĸȶĻ̵̻ģѾռ죬߽Ҫռˣȥ
עȡԮּƻʧܡ
ʱĴɵĶںͺħĶˣʱпֲı붼֪սļΪҡ
ߣغطۼʮּ֪˺ħʵһɫΪأ൱ԣҶСȻܹһΪҲע⵽ˡ
Ȳ˵ʵĲ࣬⿴еƾ֪սЩսгҶСѵĵʮսźһ֧¶еƻûн⣬սģһûˡ
С磬ʲô취ûУܹôȥˣôչ¶Ҫˣħѹ̫ˡûԸĿһɨüȻĿͶҶС硣
룬ҶС˵УǺǡ˻ǹͷ
˭ң˭Ҿ˭ʱһˣŵԵľӿ۾һ˵·ô˵ͻԥĳ֡
ʱˣ㻹ʲôֻҪˡҶС˵г˼ϣ֮ɫҶСղŵĻвѿҶСа취ġ
Ѿô˵ˣҶСֻõ˵ͷͬðɣҾԣӿǰûһʲôܹղǿĵĿǰ״ͼƬƵգ˶
ӿĿһѵ룿
šҶС˵ͷ
Уšӿ˵һ䣬һоͳһС⣬еϻиְť͵ߡ
ھӿĲ£ûһӵʱ䣬͵ԾӺˡ
ˣҪͼܹŶٵͼ񡣡ӿ˵
ҶС˵ͷת泯ʮ֣ǰ̤һ
䡭һɿµƴϱųƹڳշ裬Ʋ㶯ǧֺƺƣ˺ܶ˵ע⡣
ʱԲǧ֮ڵӿ˹۳һɹɣڵĻƺӣŭĳӴӿն
ҶС֣ɲǼ䣬ҶС۳һӰһӰһģһ
Ӱۣ·ˣҶСͻȻ˾ˣͷ죬ŲããһƬؾ֧ġ
СӲҪôĻҪעĿӿ¶֮ɫ
ɾ˺ҶСĿ֮Զ࣬·ʮ˶Ұڡ
ҶСĿһɨ޴Ӻǿÿˣ˵شѾ֪˺ħûħǶ࣬ʵҲǿһսôǶʧܣѾעʧܵսڴȥıҪÿжûбҪˡ
ǣûбҪĸʧ𣿲ܣбҪǲʧܣҲܹʧܣսйٵսҲ͵ĻšҶСΪƴ󣬴ż˿˿ƻ
ողãħ˵ҶҶСƽ˺ܶ࣬˻֡
ӿ˼ЦЦСӡ
˵ͬʱ豸һ޴ͼա


1605 
һƴͼ¼ؼ䣬һƬռʮ˶ܹ
ͼ¼ϻ֣Ǻħֵҳ
¥ѣ̹ӣһͼϵĶ֫дңѪȾǽڼ¼˺ħĲѪȣ޺ҽ֮
ʣһɱϢӣھŵıܣż䣬һСγ߹ƣֻ¥ӿ£Ѫɫ޹
غʮˣжӿһɷŭķŭ
Ǻħ뵺龰ЩѪȾǽڣһʬ壬ĸܣ
ǵħǻĵԺѵҪĿʮ˿ĲѪ֮£Ϊһ߾ʬ壬ֵϵǵѪ𣿻شң𣿡ҶС¶ŭ֮ɫ
ܡһƬռ˶˳йԼеķŭ
صǧЩħ˶ˡ
ǿꡢǧꡢ꣬ΪʲôеΪ˱ԼߵˣеΪ˱øǿ£еΪѰִ̼УеΪΪʲôĻģԼģأǵرռ죬ǵ˱ūۣȥʲô壬ĶػסΪ֮ˡ
ǴĲԼգǵǵļϣһ£֣𣿡ҶСٴʵ
ܡ˴ҶСĻܶгһ˿ΣԼ˽ʱûˡ
ΪڣΪԼһȵӦôǷɱУǹһԼѡ
ɱСɱС˳һ㣬Ƭռ䣬þûصֹ
ҶСȻʲôˣ£󹶻ɻɢҲҶСĿһɨ˵һ
󹶻ɻɢҲ˵ͨӺ·Ƕ췢һ㡣
ϣҶܹסԼ˵ĻǧҪȵˣŵӡ
ҶС⻰ܶЦѹֵҲ˺ܶࡣ
ò˵С˵Ļɿ飬ҾеѪڵĸоӿ͵ĿҶСһ˵
ҲһЦЦ˵
ʱҶС罫ĿͶ½һ֧飬һӡơ
£һ½һ֧ǧڵķӡȫѡ
䡭һɹɿµƴЩ۳һɣھ֮ϵռϲĿռ䶼ŤˣƺƵɢ·Ҫ˺Ѳ񷣬ݻٴء
Щսŵ˿һĻĸˡ
Լʱ׼ӭӺħĽҶС˵һ䣬Ǿ޴۵Ӱɢ
һǶǧʥǿ˵ģҲǶƬڣ˵ġ
ҵΪˡ
ѽҵΪҲˡ
ʱһ֧ȫʥǿɵĶУϵķ
֮ϣƾ£кöͻ˾磬췣Ҫˡ
Щ˺֪Ȥ뿪ɵԶ췣
ϧˣ彵ٵʱٶ췣жð̾һ
²аɣعѾˣ»ʲôıһعһŭȫĨɱˣǲˡʱҶС˹Ц˵
ܣӿ˵˵ͷ˵
ǰ飿ɻĿ˾ӿˣȻ˵Ϊϲ࣬ϣӿ˲֪Ҫ٣ʶȻܶࡣ
ûУôִڣ췣ӱһ㣬ҪӶٱһռ䶼ᱻֱĨ˵ˣȻعòһˣᷢҲûпܡӿ˵
˵˸û˵һƵ˵
ٺ١ҲǺ˽⡭˭ܹعȫĻǾ޵ˡӿ˿ʧ˵
ͻȻ䣬ĿͶҶС磬а𣿡
ҶСЦһ£ҡҡͷûУʿһֶѣǸղֱӶǱŰûһ㷴أֻܹǿֵϾǺͺħʵȽ̫Զˡ
ʲôõİ취ûУüͷʵһӡ
ʲôð취Ҳ̧̫ˣһɣ޾֮·Ӧʲô취ġҶСԼԼ仰е㲻ŷ
˶Ĭû˵Ŀ˺ħķϡ
ħҪײˡһΣд


1606 ɢ
ʱ佥ţתۼ䣬ʱѾȥˣĴ֧ڳ׵߽ˣһƬңеĳж˽ֶ
޷ͳƣͬӸ߿տĻджһƬɫǶǱѪȾģһŨŨѪζڿƮ
ͲԶԿһ֧ײеĺħ飬֮ɨһС
ڵĴ˺󣬺ħĴĴӪȥ
ĴϾѾãȱ˶ܶö󷨵ĴڣЩֵס˺ħԵĽŲһʱ䣬ħҲЩ󷨵ȵȶûа취ֻܹһһĻƽ
ʱĵѾʵˣǱ˵ΧܣĴԪˣԼĴӪڲǳ顣
غߣʮȫվһģЩսվһߣɢƣʮǰҶСѵһ֧顣
һ֧ȫʥǿɵĶһϳս⡣
һЩʥءصĸ֣Դ˳׼
һƼôߵĹȾȻڶ̶֮ݣ΢̾һ˵
Ҫԭ̰սĹУּܶв׷ܣӲõôͼȫˡҶС˫ĿŹâ
һжӦõõģҾñ𵺹˵廹׺ݣûʵߡ
ҶСĻһŵԵľӿжųɱ⣬Ƕ֪ҶС˵һ顣
ǽ飬ŻĸĽ׶ΣٽģĶŮ˵Уʵߣߵﶼɱ⡢⡢չ⣬ˣǻûʵ飬ɱϷ
ԭ򣬻ûһʹ޵˵ġ
õ߶ʧ߹ѾõԼӦеĳͷҿħʮҪˣýͳʮֵȥɣҶС˵
ǶӦ֪˰ɣ
֪һ£Ǵ˵ȻǱ̬Էֹսʱָӡ
áҶС˵ͷЩȷҪԼһҪλ
ҶСͷӦˣսŵսǶ
ռ΢΢һӰ֣ʮڵʱսŵս˹һЩڿռеİؾǿߡ
Ŀһɨ˿ս˵Ƕ˵ҶСͳʮ֣֪ûУ
ս໥һۣҡҡͷʾûǺκħڣǵʵԷ
εսУѾ֪ҶСҶСĻ˵лᣬǴ죬ǸͲ֪δ죬һʧܣǵɾʹˡ
ڶսУҲֻҶС컹еᣬ˴촿ܶ˲Ը⿴ҶСմȨΪ˵δնͬˡ
ȻǶͬ⣬ôҶС˵䣬ʲôš˵һ䣬ĿͶҶС硣
ҶСһĿһɨ˵λҵǰʶǿˣǰҾͲŪˣһССһҪ˵һ¡
λǰѾ˺ħĶ˰ɣʵϣϣǶǴ磬ҲµĲĻһὫֿһĳ׼ԾԵѹǣǵĶ鲻ŽһеĻһ˿ϣûС
һɢ絺ŵʱ䳤
仰˵꣬ҶС翴սɫÿЩ˲û˵ʲô֪ҶС˵ʵ
ʲô⣿һʥصĸüͷʵҲ֪εܽ
Ҳûʲôõ⣬ֻܹǶԿһ˿İնѡҶС˵
⻰˶ĿͶҶС磬ҶС絽ʲôõ⡣
λǰ֪ѵ󷨺ǿһʱ䣬ÿһսŶ氲ŵѵƻѵȲǶѵʲôز໥֮Ĭһѵλ˰ɣҶС罫ĿͶ˸λսѯ֮⣬һûĻһһϣûˡ
ս˵ͷ
ͺãֻҪ໥ϵĬԼܹսˣ׼ѵ˶ȫɢŽǵսУʱֻҪЩ˳жͿˣַҲʱİ취ȻսĲܱ࣬ǾôԿǿˡҶС˵
֪Ǿô
ҶСʻս룬ͬˣʮ֣Ҫʮ˶ָӣֻܹİ취ˡ


1607 
ҶСַȨ֮ƣһʼʱ򣬿϶ʾʲôǶս֪սӵʱԽԻԽ
ǲǾͿԶԿħˣһս̲סʵ
ҶСЦһ£ôףⲻܹǵսϣǵĲҲܴһսһƾʵսƴĵս
ʣ϶дĸǱ취䣬Ȼкֶܶûмˣǿڸýһ£Ƕ룬Կħ壬ǻеϣҶСص̾˵
飬ͽɣӿëԼ
ţҪó־ս׼սһʱ̸ˣҵ˷ɢһǶһ¡ҶС翴Ÿս˵
û⡭սͬ
ҶС罫ʮսŵȫɢ˿ǽÿһսš
ʮսҶСѵһ֧飬Һܶ˾սо飬ǽõѡѵһ֧͵һıɣ䵱ȷ档
ֶ֮󣬸սʮսŵЩ˶Ž飬ǵλþڶǰ棬սһЩ󣬱㽫ø˵ʮսŷЩˣǻʲô⡣
ԼһСʱʱ󣬺ħĶ鶯ˣʮŻ߷
߸׼Ѿ׼ˣһµźħ顣
ߺƹһǿѹѹ˹ռ䶼˵Ĳͣ춯
ĴԪˣҶСѾԤеħҪˣڽˣҶСеš
źħǰеĸֳܵѹҲԽ󣬲ǶûͷųԼƣΪҶСû
Ƕ֪ҶСͳǣҶСǻ⣬ϾҶСһսĹ¼ڡ
䡭ؼ䱬һƬ·Ԥʾһ֮սĿʼ
뻪ʮһٹʱ򣬺ħĶͣһɿµĺ𣬷·˲񷣬գƬռΪǵĹȡ
һɹɾɵķ籩𣬺ˮϷƾ£䣬·ǻ֮յĵ
һĻҶСЦһ֪ħѹǣ߽ǵĶսġ
䡭һɷâ֮ӴҶСӿһУռŤҡ
ҶСϱµƣ·ĳźһ㣬ʮ֣һɹɿֲƳ죬һ𣬷·γһ޴ĳ
ħϿշڵĺһֻޣԶԶǻĵĳͺħڶš
ڣɿµƶ˶ʱ֮ϣͻȻ¡һ죬ٶ£·ըÿ˶ߡ
һѷγɣ·𽫻Ĵͺħֳ룬µЩȫˡ
һ󣬻ߺͺħǱ߲ԼͬϢָƽѷպϡ
ٲֹͣͷƵĻ˭֪᲻ⷽռݣ˵˶֮С
ʱħǱһǰɳľ룬ǰУϵĺԽԽܼתۼγһɫסħľˡ
ħ֮ҶСġѡˣҪҶС統׿ա
׿˫Ŀɫâųռ飬£ķ·Ǿ¡ƿħ
ɨһۣ¶һ˿Ĳм漴ĿͶҶС磬࣬мˡ
ǰּˡҶС絭˵ΪģԲʮɲǼ䱻룬ȫϡ
ҶСҲתΪһˣΪϲľ˾ӸµĿԼúݺݵĳơ
еĵλҲͰһصˡ׿տҶС絭˵
˴˱˴ˡҶСЦһ
þƾܹ赲סǺħĽ𣿸㣬ĹȣֽѾעˣҺħĸսһܹԿǻǵĶ𣿡׿նҶСʵ
ǲǶֵսһȻ֪֪˵Щʲô˼߽ʿֱͶҶСЦһ˵
˾Ǵˣϲʹ˴򽻵ˣ˵ˣҾǶͶѾעʹʹͶǺħ壬ǻͬʱҲὫΪ˱˵ͳ飬ô׿տҶС˵
Ͷÿ˵ĺͶ˵ԼļǵĽţǵūǻͬ𣿡ҶСЦһ


1608 սʼ
˵أǻĶԴġ׿տҶС˵һϵӡ
ģȥɣͶΪΪ⣬ô˵㣿ԭΪ˵ʲôأԭĻ㲻𣿡ҶС糰Ŀһ˵
׿ɫüΪѿɫҶСҶС磬֪ôǺħ忴Ǹ˲ţŻͶҪӣûС
ҾͲҪˡ
׿ߵܹѪĻЩͶȻãϾĵҲƴҲ󣬺ο˭֪໹ûʲôڡ
ҶС磬ѵҪЩһŸ𣿡׿ʵ
ô֪һأȫսǾԼʣ¶أʱ幥ʲô赲ҶСЦһʵ
׿бųɫâһĺɫһĿռεҶС˵£Ǻħȷʵ鷢ɱһǧ˰٣Ӷ˭ûкô
ǾĺǺħԿˣܺãڴ㲻׿ϹҳһĨ̵Ц˵޴ɢѾص˶С
ҶСҲɢȥΧص˶ǰ档
׼ȫһսɣҶСĿһɨ˵Ȼ󣬵ǻʮֶܹü
һսԲܹ䣬ûκκ·ˡĿҶС˵
סҶСĵ˵ͷ
غǱߵĸ߿Ƽ׼ˣֻܷĵսʱ򣬿϶ġӿ˿ҶСһ˵Ŀа޵
֮⣬ҶС绹окöĿⶼͶ·˶ϣ⻹ǵһθо˴ѹ
ɵĿЦһ£룺һƾɣ
׿ջصħĶʱɫѿޱȣһֻ޴ɫ޿󱳲һµӣ˫Ŀ˫Ŀڶһ㣬ܹһйâ
һ׿˵ʧˣ
׿ɫÿĵ˵ͷ
ʧҲͶǻҪע⣬Ǹ˱ҪȷʵǱܹǰʮȻⲻжϣ˵Ǳߡ˵
֪ͨȥȴʱ׼˫Ŀ΢΢һУͺӿˣ
ǡ׿չ˵
׿յ̬Ͽ֪ӲݡΪΪ
ˣܵħͽȻһ䣬ҶСĵʮʹߣǰǾͨսҲһİ
ҶС绹ǰģϧûȫɳٵĻܹһãʮˣΪ˶á
Ϊﵽʥءأһ
ʱ˫ĿͻȻų⣬ҶСĵطһɿµɱӡ
ǰԼˡҶСϽ˵
󣬼Ϣָռ΢΢ʮʹһվҶС
ԭˣΪǺħĸ׼ɱ㣬ڿǵıԲʧҶС磬һЦ˵ͬʱסĴʮʹߣ˫Ŀйâã·Ҫʮʹ߿ͨ͸ϧͿ͸·һ赲
ллǰҶСм˵һ䡣
˵ллǶΪࡣ˻˵
ءءʱͻȻ䣬һͳĺŽһŶԶ͸޾ĲɣԽǧţʱգ·е˶ܹ
սĺŽ
һŽʱۼµӣͻȻվϺΪڵףϲµ·
һɿֲųѹһУ·һеߣܵС
ʥ۷ΪҶСĿһƳһۣȻĿͶ˺ħ飬սĲǸˣһ塣
ںħʥ۷ֵıԼƵĺһµƺȻ˺ѳգ·һֻⷽؼ
ˡħĶоȻȶ˽ŲƬռҲˮھҵķڣײ޹ӿ
һɼʱԭҰϢɱ¾֮˹žǿѹ
սҶСףһƬռը죬þƲʮ֣һɹɿµӿķƶЩϢȫӿ˹ȥ
䡭ƵĶԺ䣬֧֮Ŀռ䶼Ҫˣ
ûпʼսƣȵɱʼʱ֪ôµƲ


1609 ÿ˶ϵ
һ֧ȫʥǿɵĶ飬һ˳ì£͸ϵ·ҪеһУҪںħܵĶɱһѪ·
ںħĶΪ˿ͨٳһǬ
ҶСվգĿ䣬ͳȫ֣ǰӵʮվֹѾгһ׶Ρ
ʮʹվһߣÿ϶һ·ֻҪһۣͻᱻԻ󣬹е
ɱأɱ⣬ɱѪȵϺһռ䶼·תΪ˺ҹһڰѪʱҪ
ħʮʵǿᣬЩޱŷĹ⣬һѪײУħ֮˿֮ϣ޺һƸ˲١
һҲʮȽһȱһ׺ݣȱһԣЩĻйء
䡭һܾˮΪɵޣãã
µľγһɹɷ籩·ܹƬ˺ѡ
ʮʮʮħĶڽˣһɲбϢӭÿһֶվˣ£Ƕ֪ʱ̵ˣܲ档
ս
ҶС񣬴͸ǿؼһס
ҶСĴݵÿһ˶С
սսսʮͬʱֺƺƵھ֮Ϲòͣһսֺÿ
ѪڷڣսʮߵѾʵߵ㡣
ǧʥǿΪìĶ˳ȥźħɱעһҵս
ɴˣײһ
䡭µܾΧĿռ䲼Ŀռѷ죬֮ϣѾʧȥɫʣ貵Ĺâɺײҫ¡
һսǣ˵ģĴ½·ÿ˶ܹϣϿһĻ
ǧʥǿ߷ӳǵƣΪϬ̬ںħĶ˺һڡ
ҶСĿأ˫ֲϱãƶÿһսŶŵʮսֵǰսΪںţ˵һͬȫ۳һɡ
ȻҶСָӣǣЩսŵ˶սǺϤжܲսԷӳ
Ҳûа취İ취ȡκֶξͺͺħӲƴĻֱӻúħɢ
ʮʹ߲ħ֮˴þֱӰǹĵȻһãǹڳãһʼͶֱնɱĻǸ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
ɱ
ս
ںƵÿ˵ģӴս𣬾ڻ½ܹܵ
ۡѪϷɽһںˮУĲ֣кħ֮ˡ
Ѫÿ˵Ķȭͷг˱ߣѪҺ·ȼգ޲ǰͺħɱ
½иո̤ͨˣЩߣ˫Ŀɺˡ
Щʥؾصǿ߶̲ס֣ǻΪ˴֣ǲò
ʺѪΪ˻ΪƬأǸԼ
ÿһƷɽʺѪҺ˶оԼ౻һһ㡣
ǻĶʵ̫ˡ
ħȫ嶼˵Ǹ̫
ϣһܹȥһعȥˣһҪټӴǽʧˣߣǿԷʥصĸ˵
սŸոտʼǲпһչ¶ÿС
ڣһҴӲ͹У˶Ų͹еϲŵĲսһ棬û˳ԷˣȫŵĻһҧ޲öˡ
ء
ģЩ̫ɶˣ˭һȥɱСһΪﵽصĺӺݺһ²Ȼ
ȥ
ȥ
͹У˶׷Ӧƥ𣬾Щ˲ʶ֣ЩǶ
ԼҵããսѪסˣ׷Ҫȥս
鷢˻ĸ䣬ΪߵͣǶһϵġ
ط˸֮أѾˣǷ׷Ҫս
Щ˶һ顢òսݵӣǱ߾˹涨ܹս֮˵Ҫ涨
ҪսΪﵽ֮ϣУѡ˵ʱ򣬾ѡЩûʲôǱġ
ǱǻĵδǻгɳĿռ䣬սʺǡ
ÿһ˶һųȵģţǶսǣǶûбƣûоһѵȥװ˵޷ȫʵ


1610 ս
սڼѪɱ̼˵񾭣ÿжһһŭһηϢ
֧ǲ֪ƣһ㣬ͣսһƳգһƬƬռ䲼ѷ졣
Ѫɽ߾ʬ£ˮϵڷƾļ˻ġ
սѾһһҹÿ˶ƣȻɱУľ֧ǣǲܹ£һ£ħЩ˾ͻء
Ϊģǲܷƴһ˿սеܶ˶ľˣ֪ƣ룬ֻʣ˷Ϊܵɱ¾
һȫȾ˺ɫ߾ʬ塢֫кںƯһҵĻ棬ؼ䶼·˺ɫЩѪ
ҶСվգ˫ֻ죬ı任ı任·Ѿʱ䣬Уֻһ֧Ĵڡ
֮ϣǹãһǻ£߰һս¡
˻ʮƴһΰ˵ʵ˺ܶ࣬һ·ֻ֪ɱ¾ĻÿγȻи
ħҲķߣʵҲǱѰĵޣÿһγ˺һӣֵ
һһҹڣ˶һĻҲȣ۾һգգģ·Լһ۾ͻʲô
еЩе㲻ĵĿһĻˣѪз·Ż˲ǿһ߾߸ʬ·õķᱮ
ǳְɣĿȥˡһʥصĸ˫Ŀͨ˵
ܣԷЩҲûг˰УһԤУǻĴͺħɱʱǳֵʱˡһʥصĸ˵
˼һսֲʤ
Ҫֳʤôװʮ֣վɱ¶ĺܶ࣬˵˫Ѿ𣬵ĵĲʱȻȻͻս
ԭˣεսһ־սһ˸̾
ħһܶҲգǵɫҲÿһȻܶ࣬Ҳ٣սĽУħÿһӣҲĳҶСָӵá
Ǹ˲ΪǽȵİʯֻҪնɱһ֧ͻңǸʱǵĻˡվǰʥ۷ǿ˵Ŀ·ܹԽռ䣬ֱӿҶСĶ
ˣҪȥһ£ܲܽնɱһǿ˵
˼һӵ˵ͷðɣòо˻Сĵ㡣
ǣˡ
ǿ߹˵Ȼʥصĸʹһɫ漴ʧԭء
áػҶСߵļ˫Ŀбųâû˼һ˳ȥ
䡭һƬռ飬ܾ羪İ
һٶеǿߣҲػҶСߵĸ֡
һ˫Ŀһųһƾճ֣ױȵһи˿ռ䡣
һһȭ˷һȭռһͨ
Ӱֶϱŷǿÿ˵Ϊʥأƣħ٣ΧĿռŤ
Щ֣֪ܲħնɱҶС硣
Էľ̫ˣħУһ˵һ׼գ뿪Ƭռ䡣
潫һƬռ䣬Ǻħĵطˣ߾ߣôףһΪʥغڵǿһ˵ĿɱȻ
ħָ׼뿪ͻȻ䷢һնˣǸ޷Խռ䣬ƬѾĸַɷˣһֻҲɲȥ
Ȼ͵ϮǻĵĽ죬ǻòͷˣɣһ˺һһֵݺȥ·ӵпٵ֮
ⷽռ𶯣·𶼱նˣһĪ
ɱѾ޷˲һ˵л˵ҶС磬ҪնɱѾˣֻҪܹЧҲһġ
ڵƥųһ߽˻ֵһռҡΣܲȶ
ʱһֻƵľ޴Ƴ֣Խռ䣬ѹһɺƺƽ١
ǡⷽռ䲼ѷ죬һƬռҪˣĸֶⷽصķƳˡ
ߡһǿߣħǿ΢΢һ㶣Ȼȥ


1611 ս2
ߣ㻹浱ǻĸֶģ߾ߣУһ׷Цһ˵
ȻϿʱķ˪ȻͦΣ·ΰɽƾˣȻ
һķɵле΢΢ɿݵָ䣬һɵӨ͸ˮһ㣬ɲǼ䣬ûпʲôǱɵѾˣƾʧһ㡣
ءͻȻ䣬ըһźںɫѪһʬ¡
һҽ漴û
ų׷ߣ·ܹռ䣬΢΢һ̾ϧˣնɱһˡ
ħڵƬطռ΢΢ĵӰ֡
ۡһ³һںںɫѪɫήңһ֪ˡ
ţ壬˺꣬ľȻ˸ִڡħʥ۷ĸ֣˫Ŀ΢΢һ˵·ܹ͸еһС
Էʲôǣ
֪ǸûпʱֻйΣյϢȻˡħ˵Ǹеε˵
˲ˣĹʶʶʥ۷ǿ˵Ͻȥ˰ɣ
ǣˡ˵ĺħֹ˵һ䣬뿪ˡ
ߺߺʥ۷ĺħ֣ڶ⡣
û뵽׼Ѿûлնɱˣֻܵȴһˡ
˸ղŵĽѵ߶ҶСʮվҶСΧҶСİΣҲҶСҪԣҶСָ׵ĸֵ¸ӿֲ
һսȻûֹͣսһһҹʱ䣬ϵعɱ¾廹飬˶ľˣ·ɱгһֱܵ״̬
㲻ɱУ˾Ҫɱ㣬ֻܹݺնɱˡ
ҹսǻߵĸ֣Ǻħĸ֣ĺܴ󣬾ܿݣϣֵµĹǳСϸ˵һֻֽϻʱпܵ¡
ʱʵѾԵòҪˣһ;Ľ
һЩڵѾһˣüΪҰķҲս
սĳУһħšһֵĸ첲ַ·һ㶼ûвһ㣬һЦ˹ȥҰһ㣬һҧס˶ԷĲӣ˫Ⱥһֻڵĸ첲ŶԷöԷѡ
תۣ˶Ϣ٣ѪҺɣΣ
ӵս˺ܶƬ
ܶڵӻǰǰһս˶̲סˮһĻΪ˻Ĳԣƴһ˿ľ
ȻˣֲľÿС
ڿ仯ҶС磬ɫ԰ףҲ˺ܶ࣬ͻȻ䣬ֹͣ˶Ŀơ
ʱѾƲסˣ˶·һ㣬Ͳָӣкħ־ȥħҲһȫû͡
ͺħսͨڴһ㡣
ôˣҶСͣʵ
ѾƲסˣе˶һɱ¾ıУһս̫ˡҶСɬһЦ
ʲô취𣿡ʵͬʱҶСݹһɫСƿ룬϶ǻָҩˮҲĿͶҶС磬һѯ֮ɫ
ҶСûпӹСƿҩˮȫ˿Уɫָһ˿ĺΡ
˰ɣսȥҲʲôˡҶС˵
ˣиֶ¶һ˿ɻսֵزܹ
ţǳˣǲܹˣʱ˭һ㳷ˣ˭ܵĴԽ󣬶һεս϶ҶС˵
ôúħȳأʵ
ҶСĿŹâغ߿϶ۼ˺ܶս˰ɣ΢һ£ֻҪöңħ忴󣬾ͻ᲻òгˡ
ã֪ͨȥҪˣǱӿ̫ˡʵ
ʮ˾͹ˣǲһãҪǴ̣»Ҫúѵһʱ䣬ҪȻħЩڰеĸֶܹ˺ɨҶС˵
Ҿ׼˵һ䣬Ӱһʧˡ
ʱǺħ廹ǻĸ֣սı仯ֵɫ̫ÿ
˭Ҳû뵽һսȻս˵زָͲݡ
ˣǺħЩڵҪˣҪǳ˰ɣһսħһֿҵĳ̲ס˵
ܳˣսΪֹܹսǵҫħʥ۷ǿɫ˵Ĺâ·ЩоݣһĲֵ


1612 ʱͣս
ħʥ۷仰˵ϵļ˳飬Ϊĺʲôʱ侲ģӰ졣
ĵȻӰţһ߸ϵӣħĽʿΪϬ˻˵ǷͰһûУʤˣõ󣬳Ϊеĺսǻ
˼ϴЩҲֻܵͷӦұ¶ʲô
˰СʱǻĸֺͻǺħԽԽˣٸ첲ģֱܶӵããںˮŤ
սֵزҵ޷ݣΧǵһʹ
ˡһҶСǼгһ˿˷ܡ
ҶСŤͷһչȻһ֧ڶµΧӣ
ϣȾܹס
ۿŻĸֺͺħսĺħʥ۷ӣͻȻɫһ㣬ѿޱȣ˫ĿɫĹâƲ񷡣
û뵽ȾȻô֣ĪѪӰ峷˲ɣ
ʱԥҪҪˣһˣʿͻ϶Ӱһս
սɱСʱһ¡¡֮Զһֻѵŭ
µӿϿ˭ܹоһ֧µĶ顣
ħ˵ĳ˵͹ȣʱ໹ܹóһ֧ĻǺħεսְˣǴʱ˵Щʿġ
һƬɱ·˱ɱ¾״̬˶ˣÿһʶʶ״̬
λֵǣλǰǣǵԮˣסնɱ塣Ŀ춯ҶСẰ
оԶȶƣҶСڵѪ·ǳҩһ㣬źħսʿȥ
սʿԣħǵɲǼ˾ԨһսҲûˡ
ۡ
ںɫѪҺ쮳ƥɫ׵ĺħһһ
һĻħʥ۷ǿŭɫѿİ˰ֲʵ˵֣ˡ
ϴ󷢻ˣһָϽ˺Ž
ءͳĺŽƬؼߣ·˵ŸղűҵһĻĻ
ŽħĸֶʼˣеֻӴܵζ
Ҫ׷ҶСĿһɨһ˵
ɽѵʱѾ˼룬ĸֶûȥ׷Զۺһ𣬾Ǹղȥ׷Ѿˡ
һ֧ԮûǺһͷͻԶ
ʤʤʤˡħ峷ˣĸƴһ˿еܶ۾ʪˣ۽ǼǿġǱˡ
ʱⷽռУöɨڲ鿴ҶСҲ⣬ЩĻĸȣҶС鼫ΪѣϿƻʤˣʵʧˡ
ղ鿴һ£һսħʧˣĸ֣ʧʮ֮һôµˡ
ĵʧǺħʧһܺá
ħĶȥһĶҲˡ
ʲô飬һ˵ڻһսǣȴǵĶ˺ǸϽָ㽨СǱǵˣǴ˴ҩˮʱһʥ۷ĸֳҶСǰ˵
һˣˣҶС˵ĸ
áҶС˵ͷĵĶСķжȥ
ħĶѾ˵ٹ⣬һУЩħĸֻûȥǶһҲһ
һս˶Ѫ˶Ӣҹʱ䣬Ȼô֣һ˵ô֣˵Ķڲ
ãã򣬳Ѫǧ·һƬޱߵѪһ߾ʬ壬ںϸѪζܣһûоսǰֲʮܹ³ǱֳѪɥʧʶ
ΪЩѪζ̺Ĳ֮֮ִ̫ǿˣУЩײеͲҿ
ҶСŻսʿڻصСƬվãã档
ʱʮͬʱ֣СǶѻɽҩҺ޸ҩҺȫȫ˹ЩҩҺƯÿǰ
ЩҩҺ˸ϽãָΪϢؼһƬսʱһ壬أÿ˶ޱȣѪǵ˵ģԼ˵ģҳֲ
ʮ˶һᣬ̲סŤͷ


1613 ֵս
ҶС翴˿ˣ漴ĿͶ˸ղƬռ䣬һƬռ俴ƽޱȣʵĪķ籩
ָڵ׼ҲսһӿѪõͷš
ƬռУĺͺħЩʥؾصĸֶڿռУµڻصȾ˵ĺˮڷڣ·ʲôҪһ㡣
磬ƣƣϡ
ꡭȻ䣬֮ըһѷ죬һ˺ѳգҫš
һ۵£һħƿռ䣬һֻֻ޴ƣվ£ǵأɽһȭͷա
Ǻħ˴ơ
һƬде˲γգƬֶ黯ɵġ
ডһͻأһŻ棬ըһֻڷ裬ųȵĸ¡
֮ϣī׵罵¡
ĸֵĹҲΪִĹƬռ䶼Ť·ռѾһˣΧɻ硣
䡭
ײХӰÿ˵ٶȶ˼¡
춼ˣΧܶС͵ֱӱ顣
ռݺݲһӣ˵ζ¶˳һƹɢƥơ
̶ʮӵʱ䣬ĸֺͺħֶ֪ս˶ٴΡ
ԱԽ໥սĻ϶ͬһĸ֡
ߵĸһʮˣħǱߵĸһʮˣʥصĸ־ҪһˣʥУǵձΪߡ
û뵽оȻҲ־ǿߡħʥ۷ĸֿŻ˵
û뵽黹أǸ˵
Ҳ⣬һսֻǿʼһսǴսЩֵսʵħʥ۷ǿߴһ죬һ޴ĺɫγɣⷽضˣ·Ҫ֮顣
ߡ˵˫Ŀбų⣬ƻƾһ̵ĿռʱƳսһÿһʯ쾪֮
Ҳ໥սһ
Լ˶ʮӵʱ󣬿ռ΢΢ҶСӰ֣˫ĿһɨһĸΪﵽʥصĸУΣ״̬
ûпһƬշ·𱻷ָһ㣬ֱ˹ȥ
һʥصĸָоһΣУϽܣһϰס
ҶСʱâһ
һħ۳һħҶС繥ҶСлʲôһĸо
Ū顣ʥصĺħ֣һħӶӰӣټ棬ټ٣Էֱ档
սҶСû÷â֮ȫʹĽй
ɫ̵̨ҶƬӨˮ顢ɫĻ꣬ͻȻⷽա
ЩѤõĶ̺ǿɱ⣬ħʥظָͿҶСЩ
ֻӶħһĹ켣ҶС磬ֻӶƬռƮЩ
ȻЩôֵģԲЩ
Ȼвٵ̨ˮȵڣûʲô飬ŷ
ߣĹҲˣÿһǿԺһ塣
ħʥصĸٶȼ죬еħ죬ȴԽռٶȶ졣
ҶСû㣬һƴӿˮĲƣħеħȻҲ֮ԶȻʧˣǱֽһ㡣
һĻħִ󺧣Ͻ˺֪Լˣǰ˾Իܿ¡
ҪӱˣѾˣġҶСվԭûжϴһĨЦ
ҶСĻħʥصǿں˵ͬʱֿȥֻĳһѷ죬·˾Ҫһ㣬ƫƫûκʹС
ءħǿըѣںɫѪ罦Ĳˡ
һĻһ˵𾪣սʼڣ⻹ǵһˡ
ħ˵ɫÿ
Ȼ㣿·㲻ߣȴ˽кħϧһд۸նɱСӡħʥ۷ǿЦһ˵
ǡкħ׷Ӧ֪ҶСĿ£ҶСָӣ˵ˣһжһˡ
ԼϴѾˣаħǿ߶ҶСΧ˹
ߵĸɫΪ֮һ䣬ҶСǵġϣԲܹҶС⣬ͬʱеҶСֲ˹


1614 Լ˴Լ
ҶС粢ǲ֪ħصĿԼ֮ôȫΪԼҪһսͻԼ
ʥصĺħΧ˹ҶС粢ûоţվƽ·
ɱħǿͬʱһϣ˷ܣֻҪܹնɱҶС磬ǾˣҶСв̫ˣӴ֪ĵʲôơ
˸޴ĺɫͬʱҶС˷ԶΧռ̣ҪҶСȫˣֱӺ顣
ҶСݲȣ˫ֻ·عǵϷһ㡣
ءƬռ΢΢˲ʧȥ˷ЧӦһεϴҶСڰʥǿߵֹУûг·֮ƣ°âҫ
ҶСΪ⣬ҶСֱӹĵĹħһͷۣǸ֪ҶСʲô͵Ĺ
ʱĽƣһж˻󣬽ԼóĻʵˣԴжʱһɻ֮С
䡭һȫһĳĵҶСĿռ䣬ħӿռ䶼ڲ
ɱɶ࡭Ц˫Ŀ֮
һ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫҶСվţôأǾ񲡷˰ɣ
ǵ˻Ȥ쾹ȻҲ˵ٺ١˵ĸһЦ˵
ħʥ۷ǿɫΪѿڴ򶷵ͬʱħֺ̫㷢ʲô裬Ǹʲôʱˣ
ʥ۷ǿߵдż·ܹ˵ꡣ
ղŻЦѵħһ·Ǵĳ״̬˹һ㣬ԺģҶСʱ򣬳һ󾪡
ܣôûҸղѾħ¶һӣǲ֮ɫ
˵ûΰɣҪˣǻʲôҶСЦһֵ¹ͣһһķʽ
Ȼûֹʱľ춯أҲûǵƣûǵ𶯰˷ҶСĹ̺һּΪһǴڶƻֵṹ
ʤȵħ־ʱ򣬿ѾˣѾ뵽ǵڲϢƻǵṹ
һֹʽҶСڶεսģֻ뽫ֹħʥظ־Ǻܺõĥʯ
ħֿҶСûɫѿޱȣʱö˺ܴˣ䷢Ұһĺ˫ĿбųɫĹâ
֣ħһҶС˹һ˶ȭͷƬռ
һȭ˷һĹ
䡭˹ȣ
ۡȿȿȡħһһѪһţĿħֺȵˣôң
ûħֹˣȻԼ˵ҶС繥
˻ȤȻֹԼˡЦ⻹ǵһμôЦ飬Լ˴Լˡ
ħʥ۷ǿɫΪѿˣ·˴˼ϻġ
̫ʲô˼սĻ͹ﵷҡʥ۷ĸ
Ȼ֪̫ԲԵ޹ʵıôֻһܣڸóʲôֶΣȴһ㶼
̫ںħʥ۷ֵУٴ˹ԼȷʵǹԼʱд󾪣Ų֪ʲô顣
ҡôˣ̫оԼҪˣ˭ܸĵô£ô
ˣһ߿Űɣһħ˵
̫˵ͷֻܹˡ
սȻڼףħǿߵĹޱϬʱƳɿգʱ򴩿ռ䡣
̫ڸղŵУ֪Լôṥأ
Ÿղŵ飿ͻأ䣬һ
ϰ֮£˵ͷ˵ǰղžһ¡
˵ţͻȻоԾˣһΪϤǡǸ⣬̧ͷȥֻྐྵȻվߡ
ĿԶղԼĶֹһԼĶѣ⵽ôһ£ˣһֻʵİ
̫ʱоһɺ𣬷·ԼһʼͽĳֹȦС


1615 Σ
õģһжõģǰĶģ̫жԼ˵
˸ղŵ飬е㲻Լ۾ˣĶģô󷴶˼ٵأ
ȡϴεĽѵβ׳֣ٴ˺ԼˣǵԹŭ
ͻȻ䣬Ժһ⣬۾һҲǼٵˣԼôԼˣһ˿ҲͰˣѵҲ˲ɣοĻҵ
ûҲǼٵģͨͷ
û°ɣڴ˴ǵ
û¡û¡е㲻̫ǿһЦ˵ߵľ֣ϸһ룬סˣԼˡ
㲻ֿʲôɣ
ûûûС
ħĻҶС粻Цûħ忴һĻģҶСվߣڹħ֡
ڸղŵĻսУҶСоػ֮ʱӾͺħֵİΧг˳ħǰר׽Ūһ
ǵ˽컹֣ԼڴԼˣиղǸ˾Ȼһ죬⻹ͷһμ飬ҿǺħȫˡ˵ĸһֻӡ
Ҳһͷˮ֪⵽ô£Դе㷴Ӧˡ
ħʥ۷ǿߣɫѿ˼£˫Ŀʱʱ˺ɫĹâ
һ
𶯲죬ǲһ㵴
ʱҶС綯ˣһ̫ϣε룬һ̫ڻ۵֮
ء̫ը˿ںɫѪɽ䡣
ʱҶСѾƶ˵ǰ˫ֻһķ紵Īɳѳɵһ㣬Ȼˡ
ɫ壬Ѫѷǵϡ
תۼ䣬ħֻʣ߸Ǽܡ
һĻ˶һһĵǰྐྵȻô£о̷ǸţΪ棬Ҳһ̥˾Բ
Ǹһħʥ۷ǿߺһɱ⡣
ʱʥصĺħֶԼĶ֣ҶС
ɱɱɱָԺһɱ֣ƹԽǧһӾͳҶСܣҶСΧ롣
ǸҡʥصĸͬʱһĿڣһΪŭӣǸո׼˹ȥʱΪʥصĸ赲סǵȥ·
ħʥصǿ˵ϱǿҵɱ⡣
µƥҶС
ҶСʱеëȻΪΣյϢӿܹĸܵħֹ̺жôĿֲ
Ѿɱģһ־ȫ
ҶС綼û뵽ľȻ֮죬ո׼뿪ͱΧˡ
ô죿ô죿Ժ˼ϣŽİ취ʱͬʱҧΪǿĹΪƣսâ֮ŷſµһ죬ӿȡ
ҶСĹħʥظֵĹײһ
ǡҶСͷâֱ֮ӱԷµĺɫƳ
ʱҶС㣬ֻܹŶԷĹ
¶һ˿ɬЦݣʥؾʥأȻǿʥظ޷֮ԿгһС
ڶԷ˵һ£Իˡ
ЩֶһԼΪǿĹͼ˶ԷȻԮҶС硣
ʱҶСԲܹκ⣬ҪȻһսûа취
ۿԷĹҪ䵽ҶСϣʱҶСϾȻһ»ԣֱӽҶС
䡭µ䵽»γɵĹϡ
ǡ»֧Ƭ̣ˣʣһӺҶСϡ
ۡҶСһѪɫе԰ףѡ
ҿиղǵ»ԣҪȻǲɱģܵƲأֻҪһʱ䣬ͻָ
ףû뵽ϾȻи֣㻹ҪħʥظУһ˺˵кɭɭ
ħʥصĸٴγֻ֣޴ɽһȭͷҶС
ÿһֻȭͷ̺ſֲ·ܹռ䣬ɽӡ
ޱǿĿ¹Уһռȫˣռ·ˣҶСͶˣֻܹĿŶԷĹ
һεĹԳܲס˵ֱӱ顣


1616 
ס֡һĻɫѿ˫ּŭһܹһնѡ
׼һħʥ۷ֱˣȻȥԮҶС磬ϾҶС̫ˣܹ¡
ȥԮѾˡħʥǿЦһһץµĺɫâӿγһǽڣ·Ƭռ졣
һĻ˫ĿжҪ˻ÿĸжһ֪ҶСҪˣͺħһս֮£ҪѰˡ
˶ΪҶСҪƬʱͻأ䣬һնգһƳʥظߺƬյķͬʱĹ켣
һ켣Ĺ켣ɲǼ߽ʥظֵֹ
䡭ķ֮ռŤ·һƬĨһ㣬Ҫ˺
ӿֲзɳֱããС
ɢռָƽ֮ʱҶСӰѾʧˡ
ħʥظˮɫÿû뵽ǰҪնɱʱȴͻȻ˾ˣһˡ
صĻԸһεսܹȫħʥ۷ǿһЦϺӿգһռ䶼֡
ɢеĺħǿ߶ѾʧˣѾ뿪ˣƬռֻʣ˻ĸ֡
ǵ뿪ڶֲû赲ⲻһСսѣȫûбҪҪֳʤ뻹Ҫ
Ҳ߰ɣ˸˵һ䣬뿪ˣҶСһδᣬѾ֪˭ҶС硣
Ҳ֮ʧֻʣսһĻƬ̫̫ĸ֣Ҳһݲ
ȪУķУҶСȶϢƣվڴǰĿԶ·ܹռ䡣
ûжúҶС³һһ˿˿Ѫ˫Ŀ˫Ŀǿһ財
ҶСվе˵ʵڵĶле΢£ⲢΪΪߣֶصʣдŮӣҲеС¡
ллղų֡ҶСл˵
һ仰û˵·ûһ㡣
ûԼҶСһΣӲͷƤߵߣ͵ǾΪҪͻ˲ȥһսû뵽Һ㡣
ûк˵˼ҶСͷ֪ôźãڱһ仰ɶǱ߻æˡ
˵꣬ҶС׼뿪ͻȻ䣬ΧĿռˣԼͶˣɵŤͷ
ֻĿ
ǶӣҶСͷƤˡ
ԺòҪôɣȥɣҶС翴˺ܾãŻ˵
лл㡣ҶС˵һ䣬Ͻȥ
뿪ķصһĵŮ˵治һǿ󰡣
֪Ǿ仰˼֪ħɱ˼˹ȥⲻ𣿾ȥֻҪҲҪкܹڰտ
ҪȻǰҶСһҶСѾһһˡ
ҶСصС󣬸ղźͺħսЩҲڣҶС֣ǶĿһҶС磬ɢһ˿Ĺ֮⡣
ƺûУһߵҶСǰʵ
Ѿõò࣬´һעġҶС絭һЦ˵
˴˶ǴˣҲ֪ҶС˼úýѵѵСӣû뵽С˵£Ҳ˼ˡ
ţԺҪСģǵĿ㣬ĳҪնɱľġ
סҶС˵ͷ
ҶСü¾ۼһ֧ϰȥ˸ղսƬ򣬽ֵʬȫ
սӢǲܹںʽ෴ҪǺᡣ
һҶСǽӢǵʬÿ˶ҪȥҶСҲֻɳϰˡ
һСʱʱ䣬ڴ󺣵Ӣǵʬȫ
ЩʬûһģǵѾɢҶСֽȫСĴĹУַΪĹȻ򣬲ü̺İ
ҶС簲ַ˻ΪⱾʲô
󣬻һƬ˶ĹϹΪǿҵľ⡣
սĻʮֻûȫָǷ׷ں澲
ҶСڸղսһطó˺öģרΪ赲ħĲ鿴


1617 Ϊ
÷ĲûлѶ೤ʱ䣬صС󣬸ǽ˼仰󣬾뿪ˣصһ
ҶСָѵһģҶСоԼΪҪͻˣҪһʱ䣬ǽ󷨵һЩע֪ʶ˶еЩս
ǻʲôģѯʵʮսŵˣҲһ֧ȫʥɵĶ顣
ѵ棬ҶСѵѵ˶٣ѵҪҪԼ
ʱУҶСͿʼȻסȫëףֻǸ
УҶС绹гŮӣԼѧԺѧԱǡ
ҶС羫ʱ򣬺ܶ˸ּ뵽ˣûоܾǽ˱ţ˺üսӣר˼ѵսĺҪ֣ͻὫ͵
ĸսֻʣʮˣħ˵̫ˣ˾ټЩ˶ֵ˸սţսʮˡ
ʱ䣬˵ƶָˣѵѵķȻҶС紫ڵЩս
ǰѵЩ͵ĻյĶܿ죬Ҫﵽõĵزǲĺܶࡣ
񱱷Ǳ߻ս˺ѪӰսѪӰڣǳ࣬ǶĶսͻڣǶһЩ߿ƼҲͷ۲ѡ
Һñ߻նǱߵĸָѪӰĸִ鷳ȻӦ
ʮҶС˫ĿʱҲһʮ죬ΪͻˣֻҪȫˡ
ҶСһãã棬޾֮ӿ˹γһ©״ҶСڹ˽ȥ
ʮӺһвƽϢЩ֮һԽҶСڣһһɿµƳ
һһš
ڴﵽ˵߲۷壬߲Ҳһš
ʵʥ֮£޵УʥسڣҲƴһƴ
ڶϺħʥصĸ֣ܾûģҲǴսǰ㣬û˿ķ֮
СĿͶҶСڵķ¶һĨ΢Ц̾ͻˣǵ콾
ΪͻƺҶС緵صһѰҵŷǧŷǧһʱȷ顣
̽Ϣ飬Ѿˣȫ棬ȥŷǧĿһҶС˵
ҶСЦһðɣȥʡ
ŷǧĴȻܹԼУҲ֪еľᣬԸһ
ʱһ¥Աһľ¥С
һ¥ǳһʱģ۪ˮǱ߱е¥˰¥ȥסľ¥һֱţ¥Ѿһ칫ҡ
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һУһƤϣ۾һգգĶųĵĻ겻ĵ㶯ţ˵ĵԶ˴ܣȻϲ꣬ú˳֡
ҶСӰͻأ֣ûԼϢ˲͸оˡ
ʲô𣿡ʵûŤͷһҶС磬Ȼŵԣ·ĻҶСĶࡣ
̬ȣҶС΢΢һ˵˽һ£ҺĶ
Ͽʽ˵ֹۣܲΪƶĵطĻ϶ˡ
ˣÿֻҪеĳеĺȾУûжĶЩװӣֺ󣬷Ƭϵˣ϶ûʲôֻҪΪﵽϵģȫնɱˡ
ռݷ޺ҲûнǸȣڷƬϣ¸񼣣̣ǡ
ڷƬϵ˵±Զ⣬̱˭ǳԵĺȵģǾͶ˭ϷƬѾױˣ񡣡
Ѿʼ׼Щ˹࣬һҪӣǽȫˣٽЩ˷ɢطң͵ʲôܣ˵һѡɫص˵
ҶСҲʶԣɳĶ࣬˭֪Ǹǲ߹һʲô˻ҪţȻɸָĻң˵Բʲô¡
һõİ취Ǵڲ߽⣬廹£Ѿʼˡ


1618 Ͼ
Ѿ֪ˣȻоϵģʲôҶСʵ
ǻһһӲͷĸ֡ʥ̡ʵҲǿռһݺ󣬱⵽ǿҷˣǴ粽ǰ⣬о˻תӼǸ쾳ĸֱעһҩЩ˾ͻͻƺ죬ﵽ죬ܹﵽأ˶졣
⻰ҶСһĿƼˮƽȫΪȵģȻƳҩĻǾܹˣҪǵĹȣҪܴĴۡ
⣬ľѾռĴǣڲСɵĸڶľ˽дɱٸһʱ䣬ܹհĴƬˡɫص˵
ô˵УܶѾˣ׼𲽲ʳˡҶС̾һ˵
ţҲôΪģˣҽһЩǲȥˣ潨鱨սʱ鱨ǵһλȻǵϢʱϵĶʱҲȷ濴ҶС˵
Ȼӹһ棬ҾͲٲˡҶСЦЦ˵
лΡ濴ҶС磬¶һĨӵĹâ
лǶһҶСЦЦ˵
仰һžϸֳһĨΣĵҶСһۣ˭һˡ
ҶСЦһ£֪Լ˵˻
æˣǱ߹ƻҪ顣ҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ뿪
ҶС绹ڿռһĨĲӰ¶һĨԹ֮ɫ˲ָ˹һ½ĿͶ˵ԡ
СʮսŬ̿ѵţƺƴһСϣһȪС
ҶСոյС˸Ӱн£һЦ˵ϲΪһ㡣
Ǿһѣ㲻ʲôҶСǫ˵
ĿһۣӹŵܹԲʮ֮ﵽ㾳ĻϾûˣʱ䣬ܹΪһɽӡ
ԸɣǲҵҪĺܼ򵥣źӿͷȡҶС΢΢һЦʮƽ˵
㻹֪㰡ʱȷʵһߣһͨˡЦЦ˵ˣԺħô
ǲ磬ҲóһʵѣȫԱڶ࣬һ㣬ǱȲϣܸʮʱ䣬Ͳǣֻǲʱġ
ʽ˵ǳĲսҲֻʣǻġնӢˣطУǸʱǻĽٱΧ֮ƣԺսԽԽΣա̾һ˵
Ժ飬Ժ˵һһ´κħ֣ƿ»ϾҶС΢üͷ˵
ûһգʵ
ûСҶСҡҡͷĿͶ˺ħǱߵķ򣬡´ǰǱߵĶһǰεսȻǵĶ飬ǣħĶҲܵ˳ֵĶ˵ǻԶٹһ׶ûС
ҶСʵʵ˵ûһɫޱء
ǵĶѾѵ㴫ڵսѵ𣿡е㲻ŵʵҶСѵսޱȣӦܹ赲塣
»ǲУϾѵʱ̫ˣһ棬̫ˣһʼҲΪԽս󷢻ӳʵԽǿ󣬵ǾһսҷҪӳսҪƺãҪȻͻҵģԽԽΪңҲͻԽһľ磬ǸʱսϾѾʧЧˡҶС͵
ڸü
ͻȻĿһҶСʵˣ㲻ǾͨѵͲԲóһ󣿡
ôף½ϵĻɽȵԲãգҪó󣬿Ҫһʱ䣬ҪȻó󷨣ᱻԷֱֲ˺ơҶСҡҡͷ˵
ѵûбİ취𣿡еƵʵУǸУѵҪźħĶڵĽ뻪ĲŸ
ҲûУҿ︽һ󷨣Ϊؼʱ̣ǽиֺ󷨽Ӧÿ赲ħһʱ䣬һϣ鲻ҪҶСЦһЦ˵
ĵֵز˵ĵĶѾˡ
ҶС绰ĿһõǸռзӡ󷨣ǸҪи򣬲ѵ׼õ󷨣Ǹ󷨲ࣿ


1619 
ҾͲˣϽȲһ󷨣ʲôҪ˵˵
áҶС˵ͷɢŷԲǧڵѡһƬռ䣬Ϊʺˡ
λСİٹĵطƬ·ʮСʮСܹ󷨽ͨأ
ѵ飬ҶСѾҪˣиտţֻҪŬ󷨾ˡ
ҶСһ˿·ʮ죬ǲҪʮС
ɢѵʵĵ죬ﵽ־磬ƶ򵥲ˡ
ƶ֮ҶС罫ʮ첼óһƵͣӸ߿տԲһ̺һ޷ĹսֵĺзԲʮ
ҶС罵ڵϣһϵƷתγһɽһ֣ɽ빵֣һһ̺âγһ󷨡
ʮҶСһʱ䡣
ϣʱ仹üСϵ󷨺ҶС˫Ŀų⣬·ܹħڵƬռĶ
Ƭռ䣬ƣҶСҲʲôȻҶСսƬطõ󷨴ڣħҲ಻ҶСǵĶ
ҶСһ˫лӿΪҺ壬ҶСǣҺ壬۹ŷġ
һöľ޴ޱȣзǰСһöĳʰṹĵıʻϸСķ۳ɵġ
ǿ̻öľҶССʱʱ䡣
ʱҶС㹴ôʮöṹķġ
ʮö·ĵңңԣҶСмâĴʮöĹâã¶˵ĶϱŷһõĹâС·һᴩͷġ
ʱ򣬲ǵͷ֮йĺͷ֮Ҳ
һúһܾˡ
ҶСģһεķƽṹģÿһĲһƽôС
ҶС˫ֵķɿ컬ӾһĹճҶС粻߲һʱ䣬óǧʮöġ
Щշ裬ҶСĿռ䣬ÿһö֮䶼ϵṹķϡ
⻹û꣬ҶСϢһ󣬼εķĺСÿһöֻǰСһööٶȼĹÿһöͻԶƮգת۽ҶС˰Сʱʱ乴ǧٰ߰ʮöСͷġ
ҶС罫ЩеķĶӳһʱһƬռȫˣޱȣӿ˹ȫЩС
ǴӸ߿տĻͻᷢЩһſǳĪ
һ޴˺䶯ռ䲻΢΢һʥ˾صĸֶ׷׸
һƬռУķĺһ𶯲ѣ⿴ֱһĹˣȻǲ󷨣ȻܹŲܵع򣬴Ϣ
ˡҶСߣ¶һĨмĸм
лһʱ䲻أڲõˡҶС԰׵¶һĨЦݡ
ǲҲҪΪȡʱ䣬ˣôãָŻЩʵ
ʱΧܶ˶ӿ˹ôá
Ҫʮʥصĸʮöϣ⣬Ҫǧʮʥ򣬵ȻΪԽԽãķģҲҪʥʹõʱֻҪԼȥˣ鲻ùܡҶС͵
ʱҶСܵЩٶȽ˺ܶ࣬˫дʮâ
ЩâûյʱеķľȥˣСҲˣ·ƾʧˡ
ɻӣҶСЦЦͣҽȫˣħЩ˵ע⡣
˶佱ҶС缸䣬ĿҲͬˡ
һĲãΣĹͷʹãĵս赲סħĻķˣһƳغ͵űħɣ
һǶС󷨽ҶСľ񼸺һգãҩҺṩò˶ҶСͻȫָ
ҶСС֮ϵգոշҩҺϢĸСʱʱ䣬ͻȻ䣬ǰĿռ΢΢ǰ
ôˣǲǺħʲôҶС糤һ˫Ŀɻʵ
˶֪ڵϢָҪ飬
ڻָĵʵ
Ѿָ߳ɣôˣ
һҪ㣬˵Ҫ˵ҶС˵


1620 Ͷħ
һҪңҶС¶ɻ֮ɫ˭
壬һһǵʲô飬ϵİɫʿѾȫȾˡ˵
ãȥҶС˵ͷѯʵħĶڹ򵺹ƫƫʱһҪԼӦòΪ飬¶ͺħʲôϵϾҲһ߰ˡ
Ǳߡ
ҶСչαʧˣûиһͬǰȥʲô飬ǱҲлĵĸ֡
ҶС紩Խռ䣬˲ǽǧľ룬գ۵Ĺʹﵽ˶Ͽա
չɨһӾͷһ
Ķһеĸۿڳһһϸֱվһ¼ȫѪȾɺںˣ̱ǵѪζϻһץۣƤⶼ·һ㶼оʹһ㡣
һ
һΧΪʥصǿߣ˽Ķһ·һһ㡣
ݡһâ콫䣬ҶСӰһǰûԼ
ʥصĸּҶС絽˵ͷǴкҶСڻҲһˣÿ˶֪Ĵ
ҶС磬һ漣ļһ˿ЦݣЦѿޱȣȿ޻ѿ
ܹʯͷȷʵװ
֣û뵽ǻĵطߣȻһ·ɣҶС΢΢һЦ˵
ҵȲæмҪ㡣һ˵ȻĿͶΪʥصĸ֡
û£ǶԼˣʲô飬˵ɣҶС˵
仰ֿҶСĿⶼе㲻ͬˣղôˡ
ǵѾϱħˣ⣬һ˶Ͷ˺ħ壬ҪСġһ˵¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʲôǾȻͶ˺ħ壿ҶС󾪣бų⣬ȺɵͶħԸ˼ҵĹӣսʱ򣬱Ȼǲ룬֪ˣӦһ㽫Ⱥɵȫնɱ
屾ǲͬģһȴͬˣǴǼ󷨣ħ˷˽һЩһɱΧһ͵
ϢѾ͵ҲˡһҶСһۣ׼ȥ
һ£֡ҶСһΣסһӰҲˣغһЩҲһ˰ɣһΣ
ĺˣȻѣұϾǵˡһҡҡͷҶС鷳ͬʱҲ뽫˵ȫС
ҶСԻǺôţǻأ˭֪ǻ
ðɣҲǿ㣬ﻹеҩҺŰɣҶСһͷоͳ˺öСƿ˵ģлָΪĵȵȡ
ҶС罫ܶҩҺ˳
һûоܾеҩҺҶСһм񣬡ʱĻһһ𲢼ɱУնɱ塣
һбųµĽ⣬һּᶨҲһֳŵ
ãҵšҶСͷ
һҶСһۣӰΪһããС
û뵽ԽѾﵽ־硣ҶСһڽϵԼΪ˵ƵܹͬҶСȻһǿ
ҶСһĲͬһǶԽﵽһˮƽܹҶСȫԼһܹϣûдﵽ
ҶСսҪҪȥ׷һ£ʲôطʱһʥصĸѯʵŹâ
ҶСҡҡͷã֮Բǵǻģ¾Ϊ˷ֹǻɣһҪȥǰͶ˺ħ壬ħʵ˺ܶ࣬һ׼
£ǻᱨȥġֵ˵ͷ
ˣ˵εսҪλæҶСЦЦ˵
ͬʱ˵ˣ˵仰ǱϾĻȻһʥصĸ˵
˼ҶС뿪ˡ
ҶС뿪Ӱͬʱ̾һȻҶСĶ࣬һ㶼͸ҶСΪޱȡ
콾һ˸̾һ˵
Ĺâ̫ҫˣѹƵһʧȥɫʡһ˵¶һ˿ĸӡ
һЩϹŶܶ˶ѹһͷʱϵڵסѧϵ裬ܶ˶ѧϵı̬
ۣʱâ̫¶Ҳʲô°
ǰϣܹߵ󡣡


1621 
СƯգ·ųżƬСΧһ¥רŴ½ˣΪ˰칫ʱʹãںܶ෿䶼װ˵ԣԺܿ˽ȫ
СΧĺЩսȻϵѵţ·֪ƣ롣
վĿǵͻأ䣬ߵĿռ΢΢ζҶСӰ֡
ҶС֣¶һ˿֮ɫû뵽ҶС羹Ȼܹĵط̫˾ˡ
ǲǷʲô飿ҶСɫ̫ÿɵʵ
ţղһϢĸѾͶħˡ
ҶС绰һɫѿޱȣ˫Ŀкݡ
û뵽˾ȻûйԸΪħ߹˫ȭգ·Ҫˡ
ҶСĻûлɣȻҶСѾ˵˳ô¾һˣοǰɵԸˣ˭ǿ͸˭͵ǽͷݡ
ĴӵеĸֲٴսĻǿ϶֣߶Ϊ˲ҶС˵
ףһᾡ챨ȥģ㲻˵Ҫϵͳѵһ¸ս𣿼ȻĴͶˣôħҲڳ֣ò˼ͻŹâ˵
ףǻҪһ߼ټѵҶС翴Ÿ˵
֪㲻ùܣȻȥģҪǴֲ̣Ȼиֲ
ҶС˵ͷȷʵҪ̫ġ
ҶСӰһս£Ŀһɨ΢΢ҡҡͷЩսŽҶС紫ڵĻսѵģֻΣ͵ʮսűȽԶˡ
˵ͣ¡
ⷽ쳹ҶСѵĸսŶͣĿͶҶС硣
ҶСǱһвͷȻŸǼָҶСָ󣬺ܶ˶ͷ֪ԼȷʵĺԶ
˽һ¸սӦעҶСͿʼ˵ѵ
һϵͳѵܻңʱ֧еĸֲһС
Ŷѵź˺ܶࡣ
ڵĴͶ˺ħϢѾܲһݵĻɳ˺öǰ֮ǰ
Ϊʥ۷壬ʱغ߾ʥ۷ǿˡ
תۼ䣬ʱ͹ȥˣʱ򣬺ħ˶Ǹûڶ飬ЩҲ¶ӰûС
ͼϿͷǵĸ֣ǵʮ֮࣬˵ĺħ֣ܹʮ˾֣˵˽ʮ
ͼÿ˶ˣежޱȡ
ϴ˵εս϶ӲңӺħıǿҵİմʤһ̡
ħǰļǸĪѹ·ǹһ㡣
ϴһרŵĸø߶˵εսҽʵʱӣ硣
ħն߾׼ҶСŴٴϴսĵطĵȴźħĵ
ĵĸֶڰУֻսʱŻ֡
ҶС߼;ӿʼעܣǱҶСİΣȻˣлһˡ
֪սľ޴ң᲻ֶγȥҶС磬뿪ȪУССܹ֪﷢飬Ҳܹ֪Ȫе顣
ħǰе뻪Ĵһٹﴦλʱͣ
ħʥ۷ǿ߽ĿͶ˵ʥصĸ֣ǶǸƶˡ
ħʥ۷ǿߵĿ⣬˶֪Է˼Էս˵Ͷ״
һǺͻĴսͻΪĵˣҲûзڵĿˣӴǵ˾͸ħǣһˡ
Ϊ˻Ϊ壬ǼȻѾѡͶħ壬Ѿһ׼
Ϊ˵۹ҫΪǵʿɱ\ľʥصĸʿ߾٣һһǰ˹ȥ
⣬Ҳ˹ĵ൱Ĳеĸ־ȻҲóս
һĻҶСһ䣬Ȼ٣ȴһЩ򵥵ս󣬲ϵļΪĬ϶ߴ鷳
ͻȻ䣬ҶС뵽һ⣬Ȼ嶼սڣôĸأ
룬ӵУӵϲɽԷʮ֪Ҳоͨ󷨵ˣȻҲѵս󣬵ڶԿħУȴûг֣صĿ湻ġ
һֱҶС綼û⣬һ룬øӵг治֪Щʲô


1622 ͻ
ҶСЩӵ飬ȻĿͶ˳ĵ֣ɫ䣬˫Ŀź⡣
ȻѾͶħ壬ôҪһĴۣͽô׵ġ
Ĵĸ־ҶСʮʱҶСвһ֣ɱ
ַ·ѹѾһ㣬Ƿһֲƴʮӿѹ˹ȥ
ǡããվȻһıƺҪˡ
һ֧ӻΪһֻ˵ͻһ˹ȥٶȼ죬ʱҶСѾ˳
Եʮ֣ҶСûбʲôֻͣͣʵ£ΪϬĹʽѹˣѹһС
ΪΪǰһ֧ȫʥֵĶ黯ΪһɲǼ˺ѿĶ飬űǰѹ˹ȥ
ۡѪϷɽһʮɫĹâҫſµĴ͸
ʮܹ赲סʮֵƣĸ֮ת˲ɱǧˣɫĹ̵ѪҺ£ʬ׷£Żں޺Ϳ־塣
̫ͬ
ֻϧֱԼ壬Լ֪
ܵγս󣬵ʵľ޴£һӾͱɢˣһսΪ˵ɱ
ħʥ۷ĸֿսϵ¶һ˿ζ֮ɫԼһӵʱ󣬵ֵѾˣĿɫâ˻֡
ءͳĺŽǽħʮϣ˹·һɫĺһֻɵصޣռڲŤ
һĻҶСĿһá
˫ջһâУ첻ϱãԭһĶɲǼɢ˿γһС
Ѿ˺ħĴ㣬׼ԵΪնסĸ֣ȻǿĹɾ޴˺
ȻѾ˶ԷͼҶСôܹöԷԸأ
ħǿѹʱ򣬻о·ϵĵֱǿޱȵȫ뱬ˣѪҺɽżֲ̡
һĻܶ໪ĸֶޱȽͶ˼ңڻ˼ҵǹʹң˼ڲҪǹˣǹһѡ
ҶСָӰڲߵӿԼ
ɫľںͻĸˣħַ·Ƿһ㣬ǻĸ֣ǵ֣նɱ󣬺ϴһ㡣
ӵʱǳͷһ̣ҶСͣʮ黯ΪʮѼ⵶ݺݵĴ̽˺ħĶС
ۡںɫѪҺ쮳һںɫСϪʡ
˵Ӽ˶ҧˣħֲܲնɱǵĸ֣ĸЩƶ˷׷Ҳźħɱȥһֺͻĸսһսޱȡ
ҶСĿܹ͸ʣжôĻңܹͷı͡
ʱһֲޱȵӿɹǺħЩʥؾصĸֱġ
еĸҲ׷ɢԼơ
һӵʱ󣬷׷׻ŶԷȥ춯ȺǶĿĹâ
ʱ򣬼;ӿ˸Сֻ֪ҵʱ׳ˡ
ԼսһСʱʱʮʹǰǽԼΪѾĿǰܹ״̬
ʮվҶСչ¶ǸԵľѧ
ĳһʱ򣬸оʱķǳ죬֪ѾһˣһͺħȻš
˵ߴ·磬ΪʵĲ̫ˣӵ󷨣ҲеֲⲻϵģǸϵġ
ԭȹ˵һӺħʵǿǼ룬ʹһҡ
ҶСûȥ
ǵսҲڼ·𲻽ԷնɱͲϰһ㣬ޱȡ
ֹһʱ䣬۵ңڵˡ
ʱʮ򵺹־Ȼֻʣǧˣڼз棬ʣЩ˶Ǹ֡
ͻȻ䣬һǧֱŷ˿µ飬ΪһԶȥ
Ƕһֱţϵϣô֣ڵȵ˫ļһӱ˳֮زز
ۡͻȻ䣬һ֧СӱħֽضˣºɫâӿضϵЩһѣѪ
ָҶСĿһղһֱжһ־ͱضˣħս¡
ѾˣÿһҪȺħࡣ
ɱҡɱҡͻȻ䣬һɱ˵


1623 һ
һҶС绹ǻ֣ɫһ䣬ѿޱȣⲻӰ˵ս
ҶС֮£ܹ֣ղħĵ˾Ȼȥ׼ܡ
һĻҶСŭˣһ£һǸ˵ͱըˣѪΧĸ϶Ⱦˡ
˴˵ӰǾ޴ģħֵʿһ̼˺ܶ࣬ߵʿ˺ܶ࣬Һܶжһܵͷ
Уܶ˶ǱŷڵѪǰսģսʼʱǲ֪սֶôĲ̣Ȼе㵨ӣߵ˶ڷɱУֵҲʧˣȡ֮Ƿ
ȻиģܣһӰ˺ܶˡ
ۡҶСУֱܶնɱ
ǲһĶ֣һĶѣսǶϷܸǿɳܵģܹӰʿˡ
ĸ־ʹƣҶСƾս֧ţֻҪܹħشȻ᳷ˣϾҲͻܾˡ
ǾΪһˣ֧ŵľ浴Ȼ޴棬ĸֱȸղŵһ
ҶС磬ƲȥǾ䶨ˡ˿սţ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ûа취ˣʵ̫󣬾սҲֲҲֻˣ׼һ£һЩԤսŵҲ󷨵һƬȴšҶСЦһ˵
ֲɣֵزһ취ûˡ
ðɣԥһ£ǰȻȥ
ҶСһ˫йâãҲȻһ䣬ΪΪԹΪͣͬʱڲ֪ˡ
ʱȻҷ˵һԻҵǿ϶ᱻħʳ
Ϊ˲ķҶСֻܹڲ֪ӰıһС
ֹ˰ʱ䣬֪䣬龹Ȼİٶ๫ʱ벼󷨵ƬҲʮ๫·ֻ̣Ҫ֧Ƭܹ̾ﵽ󷨵ػúħ
ָӺħսһʥ۷ߣϴεսвδ֣ǴŶ鹥򵺹ȥˡ
ͻȻ䣬˫Ŀ˫õĹâʱŷԼĶѾǰİٶ๫
֪ΪսֵһжǶԷĹƣϹ
һ뵽ʥ۷ĸֶʱһ亹ϽЩڴսĸִ˵һ
Ӻ󣬻ĸֺͺħֶ˿Իص˸ԵӮ
ΪҪһˣҪĵЩ֣ħ岻սˣҲûй
ʲôħʥ۷ѯʵ
߽ղŵ˵һ飬¶һ˿Ŀɬ
ħڶ󣬶ԥһ壬һȥôǿ¾Ҫ˺ܶˣܲ
Ȼħ½Ǳ߻к֣ܶЩֶΪ˶Կ׼ӶԽͶĻǻ۵ͻ
ռкܴƣʵ˵ǿܶ౶ǿʱͣһ£ʲôƣûеĻӰ첻˶١һΪʥصĸ˵
˶˳ĬС
ҶС˿֪Լٶúħ˶ˡ
ðɣͬ⡣ħʥ۷˵
Ҳͬ⡣
ħЩֶͬսǽһĺãβҰܵĻھˡ
ħǼȻѾͬˣôҲʲô˵ĺŽ
ħĶĳˣǵʿȻڣûɥεĳ˿ԿǶݵ
һĻҶС㶣֪ԷΪλͻȻ䳷ˣʱħ廹Ļʹػ󷨵ʱ򣬾Ի˺ܶ֡
벻ͨԭҶСҲͲˣ飬˵Ǻ¡
ҶСָ£ĵĶٴγˣ˵󷨵ƬռʱҶС˫Ŀбųâʮâûա
ˡƬռҲ漴Ƭ󷨳֣âõķģɢĪΰһǿҵ֮С
ҶСİ£ʮʥصĸṹķϣҲ̰һ¡
ЩĶ˸ֵػҶСÿһֽԼȥ
ɲǼ䣬һâ˷Բӿһâγһ޴ĹĻ϶ռ䣬·ӲĽƬռָ롣
ʱҶСŷ˶˵СϢĶʮԤսŵػֹʲô鷢


1624 
ãã棬һööСһķƬռ䣬һ֯磬·һ̣ĸ־ϵӡ
̣ܿܿΪӣǴҪȻûܹѡ
һž޴Ĺâطֳ֣Ǿʹ˸һ㡣
һĻħɫʱǻ֪ôµĻԴǱ¿ˡ
ֶΣΪǻʹʲô壬û뵽ȻǷԵ󷨶ѡħʥ۷ɫѿ˵
г³֣Ŀޱȡ
ءĺŽٴ𣬷·ܹ˵ꡣ
ڼ䣬ħѡԶһµĺɫ·һɫſµħ
ʱ򣬻еĸֶŶԷĹŲѣֵס˺ħĹôĽܹõȫˣõס߾ͻݣٵĽǲ̵Ļ
䡭ֲ˹ĻϣâϷȦȦȻָƽ
˶һľԼͬʱΧ䡣
ĸ˵ħиֵɫÿһƼӷŭӡ
ܺãܺãҾͲĻжôǿ󣬸ڴ򣬲ͣعΪʥ۷ɭ˵һƹĻͲݵӡ
ҶСҡҡͷԼõ󷨣ĵģܹ赲סħĹ
չһһսʧɫÿһսһսңȻʧʮ֣ЩУܶ඼δϣ
ħʧĲǺֻܶ࣬ʮһһ̿˵ǲҰܣֵܵס˺ħĹʧʵ̫ˡ
ʧĸۡ
󷨵ĴڣħѾܽ뻪ľˣĸ־ôͺħɺš
󣬺ͺħһսЩŶѾָͺˣƺǰħʱƣľ޴ĸֳǵĻǻʧܶࡣ
ǲʵĳˡ
ʱһȥħʮ㣬ÿͻǰͻսһһ¹ȥˣĸﵽʮ֮࣬ħҲﵽʮ
һδģսǷԼκβ˻ĸˣ˻˵ڵϢ
һµʱս⣬ҶСͲ󷨣һ󷨣һϵݶȵѾˣŹǳҲ¶һˡ
һΪȫĵط
ͺħһս̫̫ĸ֣СķĹԽԽ࣬ЩΪսӢۡ
Դý忪ȫ˽⵽˺ܶʵСÿ춼кܶǰݡ
ħ뵺ʱߵĸֶһս˼ʮ죬Ҳˡ
ããУսһƬ򣬺ˮʺ죬òɫγһۣ·ڼЩΪ˻ŮսӢǡ
С¥һ䷿ڣڶųĻ֪ٲ鿴ʲôϢ
ռ΢΢ҶСӰ֡
ҶСĵ¶һĨ⣬ˣ
ոɡҶСЦЦһһСӳУȻ˹ȥ
һѵ鼮涼дĶֻҪܹЩĶգһ֧ʵӺܶࡣ
ҶСǲд֮鶯֮дĵĶ鶼ܹõѵΪṩԴԴϵսţڸȰ˵£ǱдⱾСӡ
˹ȥ΢һ¾
лл¶л֮ɫ
лҲ˵ˡҶСЦЦ˵
֪и񣬾ø˽̫ˣϽӵе׳˽ģȷʵУһΪѵڻܹǹ¶ʲôԭҾͲ֪ˣҲ֪ҶС͵
ҶС΢΢üͻȻŮ˵Ļ岢ĵˣ嶼Ը˵ĻǾǶûдڵıҪˣȻĹ£䣬֪жʧ
ѵҲΪûгֵĵ˶صҶС
ʲôأҶСʱüʱйâʵ
ҶСЦЦҡͷûʲô
ˣ˸һ飬Сʱǰħ½⵽Ϯˣкüʮĵ͵嶼ɱˣҷԲϰٹڶȼ𡣡һĨ˷ܵĹâ˵
ģҶСҲ¶һĨϲ


1625 Եٶ
ȻˡϵϲɫΡ
һҵ˳֣ĪˣҶСе㲻ȷ˵
ħѾܶͶ˹ħ½ϵʵ϶ǰߣħ½ܸһظУһ־¸У˹򣬿ħǶû뵽˾һλʱְպˡ
ĿҶС磬ȷʵ˵ˣעһƻܶ˶ԣʵʩˣʵ֤ȷġ
´˺ħļƻħڲҲ̫ƽﶼǲЩħӶʧܣڲһЩѾʼͷˣȥټһѻŵϵĺħԲù֪ڽôӦأ¶һ˿Цݡ
ҶСƬ̣ʵǻ᲻Ӹ֣ǰǣ
ӦòɣϾսôʱ䣬ǸûʲôɹȻⲻҵĲ²⣬ƻҪǺħڲˡ
񱱱ߵҶСѯʵ
ߵľƻȶնǸȻ治ĿԶǲǣҲֻǲܹ顣
ŶҶСĿ¶һĨɻ
һѪӰֵʱնʵ赲ģʧһֺǾߣѪӰٽն̫ˣǵɢ˿նܶ黯Ϊ㣬γһ֧֧СֶնɱǣȻɺɱ߾дѪӰǶţǻûô֣ÿζ֣һͻ˱ǵĺѾˡ
дڶֻΪѪӰ壬ϡҶС粻еնǱߵԡ
κͺħսʧ˺ܶˣȻ˵ԪˣҲ࣬Ҫָ»Ҫ굽һʱ䡣̾һ˵
ʮȷʵǸСĿٸһʱ䣬кܶ˶ܹﵽʥϧˣˣҵҶСѯʵ
ϱߣľѾռ˰Ĵǡӡȣûȫռ죬Ͼ壬ܶ˶Ĵ⣬ǽܹеնɱɾûʲôˡ
ڵԽ̩ΡӡȹѾ˴ľ֣׼ɳһЩСӹȥܹնɱľ֣ҲǶһЩֵĶ
ⲻʱıǨЩһԺҶС۾һҲѧԺȥһ£Ѫĥѳɴġ
ҶС仰ĿҶС磬⻰˵ģ·㲻һһ
ҶС¶һ˿Σת˻⣬ռݵĵǳռϷǡ߰˸ȣռ˰͢Ŀǰ׼ռ壬ǵĽŲҲܿ죬ô󶫲һռˣһЩطռˣ⣬ӢȼСҵռһЩС
˵ĻͦġҶСЦЦ˵
ٹвסЩռ죬ȻЩԶԶ࣬ǵʵǿЩŽ˶೤ʱ䣬ǹռôطǽЩطȫȫУȻʱ䣬˭֪ǽռءĿⳤԶ˵
ԺǾѹˣһʼΪǶϤǴһֲռأҸ˵ȫսҪˣÿطǳĻҡҶСŹâ
˵ҲͦԵġ˵ͷ
ô˵Ϊռ죬ºֶܶȻǽиȫնɱһ
һһǺǣˣʲôϢϣʱ֪ͨҡҶСЦЦ˵
Ȼ֪ͨˣǵǺǡЦ˵
ҶС˵ͷ뿪ˡ
ҶС뿪󣬸Ҳ뿪ˣҪҶСдСܲ
ͺħս˺ܶˣսУһ붼ˣҲſ̿ѵۣܺܿȻš
뿪СҶС鿴һ¸սŵȻͽһ
ո̤һҶСЦ¥дһɨ֪¥жʲôˡ
¥ԵüΪ֣Ů඼ڣĸĸͶҲڡ
ԼĸĸǾסһȻѾ뵽ĵ죬ʹǾסһ𣬽ȴ漣ĻˣҶСе⡣
ĪǽʲôӣҶС
ٳִ͵սˣдˣֵҲˡҪһתˡǺǡ


1626 Ҫ
ɻҶС߽¥󣬸ո߽ȥŮֹͣ˵¥ԵüΪļžĿһۣ·ʲô鷢һ
ŮҶСһۺ󣬱ֿʼ
ҶС翴˿ֽޱȵĹ죬Լĸ׺ͶľܿߣŮҲ£ߣһ
ǰʱ򣬼Ļ϶ĽѩʫͯΪģȴˡ
ô£Ī̫߳ˣҶС
ŮһۣЦЦǶڰ
˵꣬;Լ˵仰Ƕġ
˰һۣûдţһûʲôµӡ
ѩұŲһŲҶСߵĽѩɳǰЦݵ˵
ʲôطɣûпաĽѩ΢΢С죬е㲻ˡ
ҶСһΣĿһƳŮɫ죬еϹҳ˵Цݣеһ˿ĽԹ
⵽զ£ѵԼʱ˭ܰʱ䣬ÿŮӶ¶մûк˶ˡ
֮£ߵӨͺʫɳǰʫóһλá
ʫˡҶСźʫ̾һ˵
ʫɫɣǿʲôӨȴһ˿΢΢įϸо͸о
ʫʲôˣҶСʵͬʱǰ輸һ֭
ʫſڣҪ˵ʲôȴû˵Ŀľܿ㣬һ֪˵˵ӡ
˭ܸңôˣʱҶСĿһɨʵʮ㣬ٲȻһү̬
ҶСе˶ֹͣģ׼˵
ʱ𣬡ôʲô㻹붯ֲɣ
˵
裬ҶСһƵ˵ϱӡ
ˣҲ˵ʲôˣĺ£ҿҪˡȻֵĿҶС磬ȴϲɫ
ٶŬ㣬౧
ɶҪˣҶСһɵʵ
ţһ׼û뵽ѾˣһǲȡҲţҲáüɫ˵һҸģ
ҶСô£ԭԼҪˣһֻԼᣬû⣬Ҫˣое㲻֪롣
һҶСƽһľĿһɨȻͣľܿϣȵʵòɣ
šľܿ˵ͷ¶һ˿ĽߣԼĶӣ·һ㡣
һŮҲ¶һ棬ѵá
ô㲻ϲľܿϵЦҶСʵ
˵ҲϲݺݵҶСһ˵
ôܲϲأҿĻģֻ̫ͻȻˣղŻû׼ˣҶСЦЦ˵
һΪ᲻ϲأľܿһ¶ĸԵĳ谮Ҹ
ϲҪְˡͯЦ˵
ǺǡҶСֻɵЦ
Ůһһϲ˵ЩףĻ
ҶСô벻ףľܿΪǹأѵһһ᰻ͯһսǳ׺㶼Ѵˣһμեˡ
ĻǴˡ
ҶС֪ʵŮҪһӣҲڿΪŮףܻܲϣҪ⣬Ů֮ˣʱһע⣬ͽҶСǴˡ
ʲôҪְˣôһ˵ӣҶСĶʵ
ûвˣֻкŮҶС˵
ŮϲŮûһǺöĽѩ΢΢һ٣ҶСһۡ
ҾûкĺãѾһˣһСòһҶСװһʹ˵
㱾Ǹ㲻˵ϲ𣿡ľܿһЦǡ
Ѿ˹һһЦһϸ΢Ķܹ˵ꡣ
ľܿӣһԺУľܿɫɴᱡȹ䣬ȻдŹģߣһСŮͬɫɴʳȹССͣɣཱུˮۣԵøġ
һ뵽ҶС̲סһ£һľܿѾˣټôһŮĻ˭ܵˡ
ģԺŮԱ䲻ľ˵
ҽɣŮӿɲôֵġЦЦ
ʱŮ˵ӻûأѾʼԤˣ˭


1627 ӵУն
ŮɺӵĽ⣬һֱ۵˺ӵֵȵȣҶСͲ岻ϻЦһ£ĵûȨˡ
Ů۵ʱֻкʫӨ˾ţŮһŵӣϴŵЦݡ
Ө㣬𲻿ˣеǻᡣҶС緢Ө͸¶һɵʧ䣬ο
֪ӨһֱҪӣǶͷˣľܿˣĶȴûжеʧ䡣
ûвģҲˣںӵ˳ȻɣӨһЦ˵
һӱ㼸εġҶСЦЦ˵
ӨϷһĨΡ
ҶС罫Ŀת˺ʫʵʫ벻Ҫһӣ
ʫ΢΢ԥһ£ǵ˵ͷ
ǺãҲҶСٺһЦ
ʫҲ¶һĨΣӸÿŮУӨͺʫ˵ʺƣһԣ·ǴȻĳľǣ˺Ȼ׺ĸо
С磬ҲҪӡʱҶС粻Զĺ˵
Ȼ󣬵Ůĺʱһװӣ˵ҲҪӡ
УһƬӣҶСƲѣ̾һҪҸܹסǵˡ
ȻŮУĽѩŮ֮װɣ̫СˣҲйϵŮѾһƬ
ҪסŮҪһŮӣʮ㣬һܹѹһУ뷨˵е㲻ʵ
һ¥˻ϲ֮ʣԶһнıУǳɫȹڱеľϣֻޱȡһĽѾҡΡ
öҡζ
Ȼ鼮ĿҲһֱͶϣȴϣҲ֪ɵ
㣬ʲôأͻأ䣬һŮӵ
Ľ΢΢һȻָƽˮһƽ
ûʲô˵
ǲǻ˿˴ʵ
ûСȻƽ˸оûһ㡣
ûУҾͷˡ˿ųһдһ˿Ľ
ţɻ˿š
˵û룬Ҫϣ˿룬ͬʱ˵ˡ
ءһ΢ıը𣬴е鼮Ϊ˷ĩһǿƵ
ôˣ˫Ŀɫĵ⣬䣬ɱ⡣
㣬㲻˵𣿡˿Ц˵
Ŀһ˿ţϵ˲·ʲô鶼ûзһ㣬ƽ˵ġ
Ѿ֪˿Ÿղƭ
㣬ֻȷԼģôƭԼҲƭԼġ˿˵
⻰¶һ˿ã֮ɫôԵ޷ݣֺαǿأ
㣬ǲΪǰ̵ˣǻˣžòһ𣿡˿ʵ
˵Ĭ·Ĭһ㡣
ʵԲôģĵ˶壬֮ìܾͻᱻԵģҿóһˡ˿˵
Щ飬㲻̫˽⣬˵Ĳԭ֮һѡƽ˵
ô˵˿Ŷپһй֪ôȥȰ˵
ʱ򣬿ռ΢΢£һӰγɣһӰɫƣɽӣһ֮ˣһɾơ
Ӱ˿Ź˵ֻǵĿһۣû˵ʲô
ˣǸ𣿡һӰĿͶ˴
󣬴΢΢ȻһƽӣûС
ҵŮ֪ܲ˼һ·һľӰ΢΢һ̾˵
ûѡ·Ҳǰܶ಻׵ĶҲ˺ܶǰĶ˵ƽᶨ
ŶҿԽԽˣԽԽˣѶľһ֣˭͸֣ĳˡ
Σû˵Ѿ˽ȥԽԽףԽԽԽ⿪
ôģЩҪնϣ飬飬ն֮ʱ㼫֮ʣϣ㲻ҪʧӼΪ˵
˱еģȻӵУΪҪնȥأ¶һ˿Ի
㡭һӰһᣬҲ֪˵ʲôĺá
ҲЩϣסҵĻһ˶ŻأЩҪȥ˵꣬Ӱʧˡ


1628 л
ңԽԽǿˡǵӰ뿪˿Ų˵һµӡ
·û仰һ㣬˫ĿԶ飬նҲԡ
㣬û°ɣʱ˿ʵ
û£߰ɣ˵һڿնȥű߷С
˿żҲ
ܶжռˣռ֮İٹ⣬һͳУȫΪߵš
ʥءصĸ洦ɼ·һĹһ㡣
ܣʥصĸ⻹СڷԲһٹѲߣΪܣ··Ͱһ㡣
һִӸ߿ոУͷһгԲνṹڵĽǳλǡô·̺ϵİ
һͨɫľһײֱ඼ң߶ȣƲ㣬ˣ·ѾƬռ䣬ȿռ䡣
ƴ󡢹ӡ𺳣˶ĵһо߽Ļͻ֮ᷢϿ̻ŹĻƺͼ޴Ĺӡϣл
оܹоһءɭ
Բһڶǽأһ⣬κ˲ÿ
⣬Ӱ콵䣬Ǵ˿š
еĹѾı䣬κ˶ܹշУҪȻֱӻᱻɱΪŮҲһ밴չ򣬲⻯
þöûˣû뵽ıࡣʹ߽к˿ΧĽ˵
Ǹı˺ܶ࣬бѾһ󷨣Щʵϣ̺ϴΰΪʥصĸ֣ҪοĽܡ˫Ŀž˵
ô˿С࣬һСŮ
Ҳû˵ʲôǰţһ·˷׷кһ֮ɫ
ûö೤ʱ䣬˾˾ײһ޴Ľǰ
¡¡Ƶ𣬽Ż򿪡
¼ٽŴ򿪵˲䣬Ϊʥصĸͻأ֣ǣ˵
Ƴһۣǳƽ˵֣·
ǣС㡣˵ɫȻŹǵΪȴǿ
ֵĴ֮£˿˽ȥ߽ȥ󣬽Żرա
Ȼڰ̵ĵط˲ûųͨһ·ǰ˿ź󿴿ҿһģ
ڲ·ʵĽṹһ㣬ͨ⣬߶ǽڸͿʲô
㣬Ǹʲôõģ˿Сѯʵ
֪ҡҡͷһƽһ֮֮ӣûгֶ仯
˵˿һƵӣҲ֪Ǹʲôõģ˼ôѯʣ뷨Ȼʵֲˡ
ųͨһӵʱ䣬ǵͨľͷͨͷҲһţ˵ȽС
ΪʥصĸֵĴ£
Ŵ˿˽ȥ˲û߽ȥǵְΧһξ룬źиִ·
߽źһһƽҵĵݣݵĸվһ֣ǵΪʥ۷壬µϢ
ɢϢȻһþսɱ¾ĸ֡
ϵϢܿ¡˿ŵ˵¶һ˿µӣΪŴﵽʥ죬ڶԷϢǰããеһҶۣ֮пܷ
ţǶҸߵˡƽ˵
һֱУٶҲʮƽȣʮӵʱͣ
Ŵ򿪣˴ӵ˳ȥһޱȾ޴Ŀռӳ
ռ伫𺳣治֪˶Ž˷ռ䡣
עĿĲ¿ռľ޴󣬶ռĴһ޴ޱȵʯ̨
ʯ̨ʮ׸ߣֱﵽһףΧбһԲ׶мضһ
ʯ̨ΧʯϿ·һַǳ𾪵ĸо·ʯ̨̺ޱȺƴ
ֻ̨𣿡Źâ
˿ſ˿ȻֽĿͶռʯ̨ûи˵һ仰ѹ֣·˶Ժ
ʯ̨Χվһ֣Щ˵Ϊʥ֮ϣһɫɢѪζ
ˡһͻأ䴫
һ·Ծ֮ϴһ㣬ͬھģ̺һֲɣϵϢ


1629 ֻ̨
л·ĿռУһӰգɫۣӡ棬ǳͼ·
ǰ̽
վ֮Գһ磬Χռζһֲʵĸо·Ҫ磬⡣
͸¶ϢѾʥ۷ĲΣα񾳣ΪֻҪٱչһʱվͻͻơ
ʲô£̧ͷʵΪƽһ˿ĸɫʣ֮俴ȥͲǸŮϵİˡ
Ů̬ȣ˿þȣ˵Ҫæ󷨡
һΪ͵󷨣Ҫ󷨸ֵİæܹ󷨵ĻҪ죬ȿһ¡
Ҳʲôһâɳһû˴üġ
˫ĿŸղڵĶ
ĸСʱʱ䣬˫Ŀ˫Ŀâų·̺ĳµ
ˣʵ
ţʲôʱʼ
ڡ
󣬴Ʈɶ𣬷·ǼΪӣɫɴʳȹȹ΢΢ҡҷҪ˷ȥһ㡣
ԼŮСţüȴû˵ʲô
ʱʯ̨˷վվһ֣Ƕ󷨴ʦʯ̨̻һޱȵ·Щ·ָ롣
һȭͷСʯۣΪĹ졣
ʼ˵һ
Ļ£ͬڵİ󷨸˫ջһâûʯ̨ڡ
ɲǼ䣬ʯ̨ǻһ㣬ΧʯЩͼԼ·Ű󷨸һâĴЩ·ͼԽԽʯ̨·𶼻һ塣
ʱ£˹ȫƬռ䡣
󷨸ֵ˫ָˣѾˣ·ʧȥ˫һ㡣
תۼһСʱʱˣ䡭ͻȻ䣬ʯըâÿһâʯϱųȥ·ҪƲ񷡣
âϣ󷨸ɫޱڲŵΪؼʱ˲ղеһоͶ׷ˡ
ʱ䣬һһĹȥ󷨸ֵɫܲ԰ףͷ϶˺ˮЩˮʶ£۾У۾ۣȻš
Сʱ󣬰ָйһöģķɽʯ̨Уһҫ۵Ĺâ˳·Ƭռȫɹâɵһ㡣
˵Ѿˣζȥһ󷨼ǵ;
ǶҪʱһɼ֮ϣǰȫվڵϡ
ˣղŰ˾λúܸߣµȥǲɱġ
лл󷨸ֹ˵˫Ŀһ仰˵ʼ˻ָ
ʱʯ̨ƬռеĹâɢȥ𾪵һĻ
ֻͬˮͰһʯϷһֱ죬·͸գһ޴л
ЩУһ˿һ˿ع򣬷·һ˿һ˿ع֧壬ǳعϵĶ
ɰ󷨸ּʯĳͶתġ
΢Զһ㣬ϸĻ֣ᷢЩ·Ǵͨһ㣬ʲôܣҲ֪
ʱѾˣľԲˡ
԰׵ɫ˿վߡ
ʱվе˫Ŀ¶һ˿ļǣǶܿˣҪǶȳ
Ļ쳣ᶨ·ôʲôֶΣʵ
ݡһ΢ƿֻʯ̨İڶһöɫľ壬öɫľӻӲҪֻʯ
ʯֻ̨ʯϸȥֻ̨Ļͻᷢʯ̨ƲĸͲʯͷģǹͷ
ôΰֻ̨֪Ҫٹͷ붼롣
˺ƴĹΪ˽ԼʱʱЩĲ´ӵнȳ
ʱһ񽫣ڹϣУɱһѪ·۰һſӵһɽķ֮·
ʶҮͻǸαļһҮͻԳΪΪָնڰˣʵΪӰȫ˶
͹ʶ֣һ̻ᣬ󣬷ìܣ⵽˹ƣɢӡʧȻӳһ٣Щĵȫ˵
ɭаֻð׹ֳԵĶͨǸطֻ̨


1630 
޴ռĴֻ̨һɫ͸һֿµ·ʲôսĶҪһ㡣
ʱ磬˷ƶһƬ·Ҫưôһ㣬һѹֵϢӣ˸ее㴭ȥһ̼䣬ܶ˶оصĲͬΪԽߵˣܵԽΪС
ΪͻȻ
ѵعҪʼ仯ˣ
ʲôµҪˡ
ܶ˸ַ׷ۣߣжӿһľĸо
Ѫ߶ΣһԤ⣬ȻֻģģģҲ㹻ˡ
£ܶطսĳͣǶ֪ô£׻ʲô鷢
л֮£޴Ŀռգһգգֻ̨·Ҫۿʲô漣ķ
վգһַ·Խʷʱĸоǹɲɣ֮ӡ
ܾ֮ڶˣǰһֻ̨ΧǿռΧ
棬˫Ŀйâ貣·һƬ׺
ʱ˫Ŀ·ʲôȴûܹһ˿·Ĭĳֶ
ռ΢΢𵴣ֻ̨ʯ֮ڵֻʯƯ𣬾ʯ۾ųߵľʱͣ
䡭УըصƲ㸲Ƭء
лܵĿռҡΣŤ飬·ǳһӿ
һ̣ж·һ㣬ÿһﶼɢĹâ̺ؼĳԲռڣе˹ɵתһȻӿ˾С
лޱȣɹһϵеתŴȥݸֻ̨
ֻ̨Ϲâãϵ·ΧʼĴ
ʱѾԼԼܹһЩϸ΢ˣЩġ
һСʱֻ̨ϵ·Ѿһ룬һĪϢֻ̨ոֻ̨һֻ
ʱѾ죬ӿѹǣϸСƲߣһεη·ͭǮһС£飬ؼӳһƬ·˿¡
һ죬ȫΧĽ꣬쳣ǿ
ֶܶע⵽еǷ׷ǰЩиĸ֣иĸ֡
ǿлʱһˣþòܹƽڵѾˣ붼ˣĻۣе󷨱øΪ¡
ܶ˸оֻҪԼѽУͻ⵽ĺɱ
һս֮󣬹ɽлصԭλãɽۣ֮գ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ǹӣû뵽Ļô΢΢һ̾˵
ͻȻ䣬ʲôһ㣬Ŀбųõ˼µĹâ
ϴε飬ǹģѾ²⵽һôΪȴˡȥˣ仯˺ܶ࣬ҲԶԸˡ΢΢һ̾˵
ԥһ£ӰһΣΪΪһƬâʧɽ
ѾΧ˸֣ʥ֮ϣײ߶УǶлһЩ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ĵ̻Ҳ򵥰֪ǸʲôܡУһѪеӰ˵ɢϢѾʥ۷塣
֪ΪȵͼܺùƵģû뵽ôǿһۼף˵
Ǽ廹࣬Ϊͷ۵ľҪħˣǹ˺ܶ죬۽˵ûȥٺ٣˭̫̰ˣȻͼһ빥ռǸȡʥơԹȶ˵
ߡħһһʲôû˵֪ԹļƻУǺħΪˡ
ǻǲҪ̫⣬ɲ򵥣˭֪ûǸǿߣǰ飬ǲҪˣһǻôˣǶҪˡľһ˵
ߣʱ̫Զˣ˭֪ʲô飬ֻһЩ鼮ݵƲ⣬ŷʥ۷ĸ˵
СΪǰܹȻ½ģ̺һϢ·Ƕһ㣬ֶӦǸʱĶˣܹ֪ĵжôˡ
ʱл֮ϣЩ·ͼȫˣõĹâߣ޴ʱ䣬âãҫţ۵˶ͣ۾һգգĶž


1631 ͨ
лâ֮ʱ¿ռУֻ̨ϵ·ȫɲǼ䣬âǣ·Ǽĳֶһ㣬޴ֻ̨ϲ㾹Ȼת
ֻ̨תͿֻ̨Ȼֳ㡣
ֻʯϻɫк·еЩںϣɢһبžԶĸоϢ˸о·ǻص˿ٵصʱ
·Źޱȣʱѧ˶ǲ֪Ǹ
˾ֻܹסʱ˿̵ĹŹǰһǲסˡ
ֳ·ĳֹϵһ㣬ԽԽô󣬷·ǧħЦ
ʥׯдɭа·ģǴӵдһ㣬һ˾
ʱÿ˵궼𶯣ʱһЩ˾ȻҲĸ·ԼѾƲסԼ촽һ㣬ԼʲôԼס
ԽԽɢȥ·ԴΪӣǴ˿ռ䡣
ʲô
Ϊϡ
᲻һ춯ĳ󣿡
֪һ֮Ǽʱ
ʲô飬֮ǼΪϵĶ֪Ҫʲô
࣬ж˺棬һֲĲ
ƴبšص쳹ԽԽƴ󣬷·Ǵ˷
Ӱ£Ϊӿܶ˶֪Ŀʼ
ӰƬأԶڻĵĸֶһ޵
¡ءս
ꡭһɫ磬£ֱϹâãۣûκЧ
һûʲôЧ·Ƿŭһ㣬ڷڣˮΪҵص䣬·һ㣬ǰĴأһ£ͻڵҳһǳ
Ʋҫ·֯ĵ
ꡭһ£һʥ۷ֶ
˿ɣ罵䵽ʱһӾͻըɢ
治֪ԷҪʲôȻ⵽췣춼ŭ˳ͷ֪Ҫʲô֮¡һʥ۷ǿ˵
໹ǲ򵥰һ۷ָ̾һ˵
׵粻ϵ£ڷĻۣٶԽԽ죬·ĳִѾҪٽ
¿ռУֻ̨ϲתٶԽԽ죬æã·һӰҪγɡ
ֻʯɫӿѾ׽ֻ̨һֻɫϣݵл֮ϡ
лԵøΪأܶ˵궼оҪһ㣬һֿµϢսܶ˶ϽˣԷֹ汻˳ȥ
ĹȻأҪ
һСʱʱ󣬺Ʒ·ѾΪʵʣ׵綼ݻ˸־޴ͨʥ۷ǿ߶ֵ費סôһ
ֹƣÿгսǾ塣
¿ռ䣬վеͻȻֹͣˣ˫Ŀɫâը˫âͬʱһлйŻֻֻ̨꣬أǧڤֻƾģֻͨ
쳹ʮأļ˻ģÿһ˶һЩصҲˡ
塢塢ľ塢ѪӰ塢ħ壬УڱչصΪΪ֮ˣ˫Ŀ˫Ŀ¶һĨءɵЩֻš
벻˵ȻᴫôԶ
ʱǶѾ˽Ҫͷܹ뿪˲ҪǾԻȥһ
ΪŪôһ£ȥ鿴ˡ
һΧܶ˶Ȼ춯һþòܹƽ
Ȼʹ
ֲ˾޴췣ǿ¡
Ҳ֪ǺΪ

һ仰ʱеľ£лϹâޱȣ·ǹĻĽǺƲֱӱơ
һ¹лϴݶ£Ĵǫֻ̈̄С
ֻ̨ϣһתٶȸΪ¡
䡭һϢŷأض˶ܹһĻÿ˶ŵ׷ʲô飬᲻Ҫˡ
ֻ̨ϳһֲĻɫУ·ɫͨһ㡣
һаѪȡϢӻɫдƬص

վǴˡϰɫʥƵĹܵؼһ˿˿ʱ̾һ˵


1632 ɹг
һɴȿռΰϢӣ˵ĶоһϢ·ΣҪһ㣬Щǿжһ˿Ƕ֪һɲ
ѵʲôΪµĶڲɣж롣
ʷϣ࣬ǰĴкʵҲһϾˣ·ʲôʩչĳֽ
л֮£޴ĿռУֻ̨ǸɫУ¶һ˿˷֮ɫĳּƻҪΪ˷ܡ
˫Ŀбų⣬һѪҺָӿγһƬѪ
֮Ѫ񽫹˫лһӡЩӡЩѪںһȫû˻ɫС
𡭡һԻɫеÿ궼ڲŻصľ
һ¿ռеˣһΧĸֶˡ
ʲôʵ
˶һɻ֮ɫ֪һ޺ںδԵüΪ죬·лźܶһ㡣
ϢѵѵǡͻȻ䣬һɫΪѿ˵˵ţͻȻͣסˣ·ᵽĳֽɵĴڡ
һȻ֮ɫд˿־壬ѾʥصΪˣ־ȻᶨޱȣϿ·Ǹֲ֮
ôˣѵʲôһʵоɻɫ֮ɫ
ûʲôûʲôָϽ˵Ӱһֱʧˣ·ҪһǷ֮һ㡣
ʲô£Ī֪ʲôɣ
ʱ˶ضл췢һ飬ʵ̫ˣľǶлпʲôǸͿ͸
໡ͻȻ䣬һǺһԺɫдһɫ˱䡣
Ϊʱĸ֣֪滹ʲôڡ
ͻأ䣬һΪ׶Դӻɫ̽һԴϳһεĴڣǼΪݣǵذס
Ȼ֪һֻ׶Ϊﵽʲô磬ǹֳ˵иû׶ࡣ
໡ֻǳ׶һ±ӻɫг˳ǴԽ˿ռ䣬ȥ
գۼ͵ǰѪſ·Ҫһ¡
ʲôѪڣǣһֻ׶޸һڹ͡
һʼϿĿֻȭͷСȫſʱȻˮͰҪһǼҲ˲䳤˲٣ɭɭ
ߡһһץһֻ׵׶޾ͱ
໡һֻ׶ͻȻ䣬ſһ£һС˳Сϳݺֱҧȥ
ɫ䣬·Ѿ֪һֻ׶޵ĶɫŻԵ
ءһֻ׶ޱը˿ɫѪҺɽ
Щڵʱ䶯ţܹ֪һֻ׶ǿ
˿ɣһֻ׶ֻǱն룬Իֱӣϡ
һֲɫâЩȫΪޡ
¶һ˿֮ɫ겻û뵽ǾȻֵزԺ鷳ˡ
ܿĿͼᶨֻҪܹع飬ܸʲôĴۣҶȥ
ʱͻأ䣬һźɫӻɫƮһźɫתһӻΪΣһɫӰӰģò
ˣ𣿡ͻȻһӰĿͶдһ˿Ĳ˵
Ҿǣǣʮˡ㡣¶һ˿ļ
ݺʱ꣬һ侲ǵӣȥ˳棬ȻƲסԼޱȡ
ⶼΪ»عˣһ񽫹λһֱҪ飬ʵˣôܹʱ䰡ҪѹƶС
ʮ˰ݼˡһӰϥڵϣǼǿһ㡣
Ͻ˫зһâ
лˣʮܹݺ£ˡһӰ˵
һǸս£һҲٶսٻ⸻󡣡дżᶨ
ҵȾΪսΪ˶սһӰ˵һǿսⱬһɻս⡣
սϣƿռ䣬ھ֮ϵ
ಡʮźɫӻɫӿǷ׷׻Ӱ漴ݹ
Ƕ£һĹҲֵܡ


1633 ͷ
һӰԻǶ񹧹ٴμѾ˷ǡ׺ɣǶ񹧾ɲ䣬һԶ޷ĥҳϡ
𡭡Щ֮ʱһ޴ĺɲǼ䣬һֻ޴޴ӻɫгȥٶȼ졣
𡭡һֻһվգдž޴˷ܣ·ҪףԼ˿ຣһ㡣
һֻǳ޴ޣľһСҰ۾бǼɭɭ⡣
߻дǣЩе·ȡҰͬһֻӵмΪצӣ·һץ֮£ܹҵһС
һֻʱɫ˱䣬һֻǳϤҶСϽɽʱһֻ޺һֻ޵Ӳһ
һ뵽£иޱȣ˺ҶСֻ档
ͻȻ䣬һֻ޵ĺȻֹ·Ǳס˲һ㣬ض¶һ˿׺֮ɫ
һһʮ׶ӣϸܵ˿µƣһֶвܴĸо
ĸоΪУȻܹĸܵһС
ݡһֻն£·ڶȥٶȼ죬ʮִԼĶ֣׼һңȻӹ
ȻһжǶģһץһֻ޴γɣݺһһֻһըѣΪޣѪҺҲʧˣͷ·ֱӽһֻȫĨɱһ㡣
ʱʧһִӻɫг
Сʱʱ䣬һ񽫲ȫӻɫг˳
𡭡ͻȻ䣬ӻɫɢ·һ㡣
Щɫ˱䣬˫ָӡâͬʱЩŹֵڡ
ӡĴͿЩڵɫԽԽСûһӵʱ䣬ͬȭͷһС
ʱһֻɫצӴӺɫд͸һɫצ̺ŻԵ񶼸ܵļ£ֹ֪Ļһֻɫצһܹ˺رͨ
ֻ̨㡣񽹼ĴɫޱȣһܹǸͨ´򿪣һ򿪣Ϳ̿ͳˡ
ȻΪ˽һ񽫴Ǹռȳ᲻ϧһдۣǣܹǸռͲ򿪣֪ǸռصһЩܡ
ĺ˶жǰ̵ˣһ񽫣ȫ
һֲԵֻ̨µĹ·ܹƬռ򴩡
䡭صֻ̨ҵĻζǸɫиСˣһֻɫצ˺ɫѪ
࡭ͨһ㣬ҪõһСһŲɣϡײеӻɫдһƻ֮
񾳸ְӰ첻־
԰Ҫɱɣһ˵оǿµɱ⡣
ߣûİæҲһܹͨһǿҵš
䡭һֻɫֱ۸һߵľ룬ȭͷСĻɫоȻѾһСˡ
һĻɫ䣬˫ָǲҪĴЩӡвĬŹֵڴ
ʱһֻצкݺƬռһץƬռ˲飬֮ʥĸ־ûʵֻ񾳸ֲֶΡ
ǡɫлڲϵСٶȸѹƲٶȣ񼱵ͨ졣
ʱ磬Χ˵ɫ˱䣬ǶоһɼΪֲϢһϢ·ѹ磬ޱȡ
ãѵҪˣɫ䣬ѿޱȣŵĶл
Ҳ֪ЩĿֲһǳǾѪȷ磬Ҳûо
ֵɫѿͬʱгһֵǺ;壬ѵлǸǿ߲ɣһ־ǿߴڣǾҲĻ޼ɵĹˡ
˼С
˶ڵһ
ٺٺ١˭Ҳ赲ͨĴ򿪡ƴ𣬳˷ܣһְ
ǡǸɫмѾһƽôСˣһֻɫľצҲ̺ӿֲļ¡
˿ɣһһֻɫצӳԼȫʵռе˶Ҫ
ɱնһСһͬʱһһ𹥻˲ϵعֻ̨
ֻ̨һζǺ䲻ƣ顣


1634 ֲ֮
ʱѾ˽Ĺͷһֻɫצһʮǿٱǿܶ౶һԻܹ赲
ȻʱûгѣҲ֪ʱ˹ؼʱ̣ǸϽ֡
ֻ̨ҡΣµĲȻûкƣֻ̨ܵĿ̻ķ̫ˣЩѾˣοлȡ֮ͷΪ
ʱһ쫷ιǿ߶ܲסֿ磬һͻᴵɢ
֮ϣƸʵֲޱȵ׵Ʋ𣬷·׼һսƴ콵л
ܵ콵ƣΧ˵ɫ˱䣬˳Ĺľ룬Ψֱһǿ¿µĳͷ
Ǻ䲻ˣ˵ҪлСһҪȻǴͨһܹһ˷ܡſӻɫд·ſµħһ㡣
Ȼ˵һ仰ʼĳ·ҪǸͨ¹رգǶԷ̫ǿˣּ䣬أֻצ̺ǿ͹رղסͨ
ɫצһռ飬ɫѾӵ˷ǰСֻɫľצҲͬһϸ
ٺٺ٣ҳɣҳǶΪҵѪʳɭ洫
ʱ磬֮ͻأ䣬һ׵۳ɵĳһз·̺ſٵһΰݺݵлȥ
䡭
ķлݺݵһ
ǡϸ΢лΧһ㱡ĹĤϴĤϲѷ졣
ءһܳÿһ̺ſֲΪʥصĸֶ赲ס
ӡһĻַܶ׷׺ˣΨֱ˺ˣȻмʮֱǿµɢ
һĻ˶¶µľ֮ɫǿҲһû˲ɫ
ûһĤ赲ĳ·жһ㣬ͽлг롣
лû룬ֻ̨һӱѷ죬Ҫˡ
ǻɫֱСһ롣
ô˻£䲻ơҪȥһŲʵĺͬʱһɾǿһֻɫֱϱų·Ҫƿռ䣬ӻɫͨǸط߳
ɫоҵĶţһ·ҪǸطһ㡣
ȻԷûгֲֿ֣ƾú֧ܶŲסֱ˵ϡ
ڶԷǿ£ɫٴһôС
ֹңһҪˡǵٴ𣬳ſ񡢰Եţ·ԼܹǸطһһ㡣
ʱһ˼µ׵֮ݺݴ¡
ءֻ޴ĺɫצֱӱըϸڿֲԵ׵ֱӱޣɫѪҺҲޡ
һҽ
Ǳ׵۳ĳȻֱӽǸطն˽ȥ֮֮˭жһ˿ӡ
䡭ʱֻ̨ױݻ٣ɫȻСΪһС㣬ʧˡ
ֻͨͨڹرˡ
һ
¡¡ʱͻȻ䣬ɽҡض޴ĿռҪˡ
лı飬Ǳ̺ǿռУܲ飿
ãҪˣǸϽߡһйâɣһȭ˳ȥϣ·һħ
䡭
һ죬Ƭռͷֱӱˣվգһɨ˶뿪㡣
֮ռУһӰΪ𣬴˿Ҳ֮˳ȥ
˳ȥʱ򣬷ѾȫˣһͳֱӱƳƽء
ݡâվգǶһźɫӰһ񽫣ÿһ˵Ϊʥأǿƥ
һɫӰվգݣ׵ҫ·ָֻյķɡ
ĩݼˡһսͬʱݹ޴󣬹ΧһЩۿ˶ˣҲˡ
һĻʱ˵ɫüΪѿ
겻ΧЩ˾͵ǵĳλعѪĶɣ˫ĿһɨĿһܡ
ǣˡ
һͬ˵׷׻Ϊһʧ
ĳǸʲôˣ˵Ǹӵһս֪ǵսҵбųĹâ·ûн
ǾˣʱһЩ鶼˵ûзй
УҲֻ˲


1635 α
ɱɱɱɱķһ񽫷·Ǳѹһ㣬񱬷ɱ㶼۳ʵʣޱȡ
һҽѪȪһ㣬Щÿնɱһ֣ǳ˲ҩһ㣬Ӱʵһ˿·ĳһ㡣
һĻ¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫһѾλˣ϶Ǻܶ࣬һʱҪæˡ
һۣӰһʧˡ
ڹʧ˲䣬бųһ⣬·ǲ˹Ķǰ¹һ񽫹λҲκˡ
ʮӵʱһ񽫾ۼһΧһֶûˣ˱ܣնɱɷʮ㣬ħһ㡣
һֻܹ̬ڣû壬ǹ»Ұһ㡣
񣬶ŻѾˣǣ̵ĸȥ
飬ĵĸֶˣҶСҲ⡣
ǸʱҶСԼŮˣϢ׼һʱľܿģϾľܿԼĺӣĸĸмΪѾľܿ㵱ص㱣󱣻ҶСͲ岻ֻ֣Ҫˡ
ֻͨһ£𶯷ǳ󣬻һЩֶȥ鿴ˣҶС绹׼ȥһģǣ룬ǴǸͷ
ڵĵطǱ߻һ룬˵ϹȥʧˣһԭħΪɵһʱʥ۷ĸ֣ǾͲˣΪѾŵ߲һ룬ͲʥصĸˣȻ򲻹ɱ˶Էܾû⡣
Ŀǰʵڲ˹ðգοħٴ֣Ҫָأ
ԭûбȥ
ƽ֮ҶС뿪һСŻĸ߲Ѿ֪顣
СҶСϵĸѾҶС硣
Ȼ³˹֮⣬еĸֶֻ֪ͨͨٻص顣
ֻǽһĸֿ˵һľҪЩϢƲˡ
ҶСгʥֵϢʱҲˣĿǰ˵Ϊα񾳸֣սֵӰǾ޴ģܹһսʤܡ
ﵽα񾳣ͻɱ䣬ʱǿȡĲٿس̶ȡٶȵȵȷ涼ʥ۷̫̫ࡣ
ôһִڣնɱʲôˣԲѴ֮
ѵǸ磿ҶСƲɫÿڰ̵ˣûкøУȻ˴⡣
ĿУѾ֪͹ʱǰﵽ񾳣ȻΪ䣬عѾȫָˣ˭ͻ񾳵ļ󣬵ǶˣϾǶоġ
ӦûûУĽα񾳵Ļ϶µ췣ʱͺֶܶһ棬Ͳܣ˵ʱһµ޺пʲôͻʥﵽα񾳣Ȼ϶ǺͻƵġ˵
ô˵Ҳֻ࣬Ҫα񾳸־СҶС絭һЦ˵
ǻҲӵһα񾳸֣ѾܵħҲкüͬεϢò˶þͻͻƣһͻƣǻĵѾҪˡɫ˵
ҶСҲüҲ֪α񾳸ֵֻҪôһλִڣͲҴٽ
ָ־Ǻһ㣬á
ħпҪﵽα񾳵ĸ֣п϶ҲУ඼ѹ
ӦÿҪͻ˰ɣҶСʵ
ţȷʵҲҪͻˣڵֶʱ䣬ڶԷͻ֮ǰܹͻƵĻ»⵽ԷĶ֣αǿնɱĳˣǸ޷赲ˣôĿͶҶС硣
ȻΪҲʥ۷壬ȻһУϾ㼶ݺʱһЩܶȽϿ£սҲḻޱȣֵҲ𾴡
ӦҲҪͻ˰ɣǲ֪ʲôʱͻơҶС˵
ˣղ˸˵һ£ħһʱ¶ٶǳˣǽĿͶ˺ȣն¶һ˿Ц˵
ŶǾܹûչһʱˣǲǻģҲ֮УϾôʱˣǶܹκǣһʧ˺֣ܶ嶼ռ˺ܶأڲȻҶСЦŷ


1636 ѽ
֮ɫĿһҶС磬ȷʵˣҪٹǻģ¾иֽα񾳡
Ҳ֪ʲôʱܹﰡҶСгһĨڴ֮ɫ
͸̸һҶС뿪ˣ˵ΪҪָЩǴҪģֻܹһʱˣҪдһƬأҪʵ
飬ҶСѾˣսŶרŵĸѵѾҪˡ
ƻŬһʱ䣬ȡͻƵ񹦵߲ڣӣԼԱ֮ˡ
ҶСո뿪С׼صһ𣺡һ£Ҫ˵
ĻҶСҲ֪ôģһ˿Ů˵̫ǿ󣬽ѹסˣûбҪȥŮˡ
ӰһΣҶСͳķУʱڱĿоҶСǰ˫Ŀ
Ҫչһʱ䣬ûʲôҪҪħЩֶڶ㡣ҶС絭˵
ҪͻˣҶСɫһϲ
ţ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣ɫô˵
ŶﲻǺʵıչ֮أ㻹ǻ񹬰ɣҶС˵ͲˣһѲӵģӦòʲô⣬ʲô⣬Ҳиڡ
ԥһ£˵ͷĿͶҶС磬·ѯҶСʱ׼ʲô
Ҳ׼Ŭһʱգһ㽫ΪȥȻһɣҶС˵һ
ȻȥɣЩҪһ£ˣûԤһδδʲôͻȻʵ
ҶС粻˼ͷһʱ̫æˣҶˡ
Ȼȥҹ˵һ䡣
áҶС˵ͷ뿪ˣ֪ĸӦĳЩʲôҪȻҲС۹δᷢʲô仯
ҶСصһ˵ʱĽѩᰵȹŮˣȴ˼Ůӡ
С㡢¡۹ǶڣҲڣһʱΪ˵Ϊ˺ܴߣԳΪߣѾﵽأ˶ﵽء
ոսһͲ˳Ŀ⣬Ŀһ˿Թ֮ɫ
ҶСЦЦȻ˹ȥ׼ǶģӽǴһǹ⣬Լûк˵ȷʵеǡ
һʱﻹϰ𣿡ҶС翴ʵ
ߺæ˽пմˡҶС磬дһ˿Թ֮ɫ˵
Ǻǣһʱȷʵ̫æˣǸҶСдһ˿Ǹ˵
ҶС羹ȻΪôһС¶ǵǸĪеһԹѾʧˣ˵ǻøлҶС磬ҶСһ԰˭֪ʲôطأ
ҶС粻Ǵһǵĸĸ˹зǳĸм
ôʱûдǣҺĪûʲôɾͿǵ棬ĳ߶߶šһЦĿ˿ҶС磬ֿ˿棬Цз·⡣
˵¡һžϷ΢΢ĺΣװӿȴ͵͵ĿһҶС硣
ҶСûʲôʾ¶һĨʧ֮ɫ
ˣϣˣúģӸ顣һۣȻ˳һƤȻĪ뿪ˡ
Ů뿪˶Ĭ֪˵ЩʲôþãҶСſʵǸʱô
ղѾʹˡĵ˵
𣿿ˡҶСͷε˵ʵڲ֪˵ʲôĻޱҲһ˵ŮӣҶҲһĺøУЩܹоõڵ̫ˣûʱȥЩŮ鳤飬οߵŮѾˣʵڲ֪ôĺá
ѵûбʲô˵𣿡ҧ촽˵
ʱţж̿㣬һȹʽİɫ˿ʶ䣬һβԺ󣬿ĶˣһֽУ
Ժʲô飬ңֻҪܹģȥҶС˵һֱĿͶʢһ֡
ֻЩ𣿡¶һĨʧ֮ɫ
šҶСҧ˵ͷ֪ŮģȻ˵ͷ
󣬳潿΢΢һɫúܲ԰ס
ʱһ΢ĽŲҶСŤͷһľܿȻ˹ϴĵ΢ЦоǹǵĿ⡣


1637 Ԥδ
СܵܣôôأôõŮΪҪܾľܿһЦ˵·źܶУҶС綼еֱ治ˡ
ôˣҶСЦһ£ܿ⡣
ѵҾͲܹ𣿡ľܿ㷴һ䣬Ŀһ˷
ǣֻǾü˽㵱һı۰ǻҶСЦʵ
Դľܿ㻳֮ûɣÿԷҪʱӪҪ⣬ҶС˼ֻдӪ㣬СŻӴȥʱ򣬶˿ֹʲô⡣
˶Դľܿ㣬ֱͱȹðϧ
ľܿһƣȻһҶС磬ͷת˳棬ýúÿ
°ͣϸĿų棬Ư˶ۣСã㲻Ҫ£㣬㣬ֻҪŽ㣬ڡ
󣬳԰׵ϷǳǳĺΣ͵͵ĿҶСһۣģ߶Թ
ߣˡľܿҶСһȻų뿪һȥ
󡣡ľܿͳ뿪ҶСһ
ٴ󣬻ûס㣿ҶС翴һ䡣
ɫ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҪŭˣҶСϽ˵Цģ⣬֪㿴ҡ۲ǷӰˣ
ߡһû˵
С۹ʱǱߣҽһҶС˵ȻС۹
ʱС۹ǼŮС棬СѾϤˣѾˡ
硭һС۹ǻ֮ɫһҶС绳Уֱȵ»Ҫճˡ
Ŀ𣿡ҶСԴʵ
С۹ҡҡͷģ̫Сˣû˼
ҶСȻЦŵŶ󰡣Ȼ˵СˣܹԺ飿
С۹Դ룬յ˵Ҳ֪
ڿɲԸԤһ£Ժᷢʲô飿ҶСʵ
šС۹ɵĵ˵ͷ
뿪ҶСĻվϪߵƽʯϣͻȻ䣬һ䣬ɢϢ·һλԽʱյĴڣ֪ȥδ
۹˫Ŀͫ׵ɫɺɫȫ˰ɫЩɫ·Ĺ˿ɵġ
ʱС۹˫ǰ󶯳ӵӡЩӡ·ع𵴡
ҶС˽ĶС۹ֹʲô鷢
Ͼδ˱һϸ΢ı仯ܹӰδˣҪδһЩ֮٣Ϊ˶ʲô鷢
Ǭת䶯֮ͨۿС۹һ仰˫ָǲͣĴӡӡ£̺ĳĴ֮ҶС翴ףҲס
ʱС۹бųâӳǰա
ǰƬռӳһͼֻ֮ϵһɫӰֻͼѣǴͼУҶСܵЩɫӰɢĿֲϢ
С۹ɫ԰˼֣ĺܴ
ʱͻȻһתֻһӱһŮӣɫݣϵſµϢģС
һŭʡʹ
ۡҶС뾡ʱС۹ͻȻһѪʧ
С۹ɫ԰ޱȣС
ҶСһߵС۹ǰϽסҶС翴С۹˫ĿѪʱɫ˱䡣
ҶСı飬֪϶Ƿʲô£Ͻ˹ȥ
磬û£û¡С۹ޱ˵˫ĿȻѪ
ҶСϽֲã¶˵ĺ۰
оôҪ˵ʵҪȻͲˡҶСװһ˵
ҶСĻС۹¶һ˿֮ɫ·ĺҶС᲻һ㡣
ţһ˵ʵģҾǾ۾еۣĸ磬ûµģһͺˣ磬Һ˯һᡣС۹԰׵¶һĨЦݣȻͲ˵ˣܾȣ·˯һ㡣
һĨЦݣҶСоԼз·ѵиһ㣬ʹޱȣҲ¶˻ں֮ɫ
֪ͲС۹Ԥʲôδˣδʲô仯ֻҪŹǳɣʲô
ҶС罫ĿͶ񣬡㿴С۹
˵ͷ˫Ŀ»Աų뵽С۹ڣ鿴һС
ɫ
˺һ˫ĿеĹâȥ
ôҶСŵʵ
ǿĹ֮˺۾һʱҲܹ۾ˡɫص˵Ҳ¶һ˿ĺڡ


1638 ֮
ĻҶСһ𣬡ʲô˼С۹ӴҲˣ
Ҳ˼һ۾ģľҲˣ˺ǼΪεģΪеͣҪȻֻһ󡣡¶һ˿ɫ
ʲô취ܹκãҶСʵԲС۹һ˫Ŀֻа취жѣȥġ
У̫ˣܵ൱콵ĳͷҪ׵ƺãҪΪĶ˵
ʲôҶȥѰҵġҶС¶ᶨ֮ɫС۹Դ˫ں۾ھȻҲˣкۡ
ðɣҸ㣬һֶ֮ʢڱĵطֻӵв˼ܹһе䣬ֻӣҲûм֮أûм
ڶֶ֮ˮããգǿĻԣҲӵǻۡ
ֶǾֻһ𣬵һֹһֹײʱĻ档
ӵֶ󣬽֮֮ˮУȻԾƣ൱ѣȲ˵ؼѰҵʱʱֶǿϡޱȣ˵ʱˡǵ˵
ҶСɫޱȣжôңҶҪѰҵ
ѵ㶼ûм𣿡ҶСе㲻ʵʵ
ȷʵûУҲֻ˵̺ǿع򣬴ƬһֶΪǶ񾳸ֶоĺô΢̾һ˵
Ȼ񾳸ַúкô֪жôҡ
ֻϣһ֮˫Ŀ˵ԥһĿͶҶС磬ѰЩȽΪȥɣûоߵΪҵˣҲһܹߡ
ףŬһ£һºС۹ǲܹ۾ĻҾȥѰңشܹѰҵġҶСɫᶨޱȡ
ش㻹֪޼ʣȥңûˣѰǧ꣬Ҳ׼ǿȴǧ𣿡Цһ˵
ҶСһ¶һ˿ã֮ɫ֪ôźá
Ȱ㻹ѰһЩϵĵ伮Щ伮ѰҹϢܱһֻûͷӬǿ
ллҶСм˵
лҡҡͷ׻̫ᣬ黹ô嶯š侲
ǵøղС۹ԤδһǵĻ𣿡ͻȻʵ
ǵãôˣҶСɻʵղЩҲˣֻǸͿס
һҲ̫ףоֽٵĻ棬ڶҵǿһЩ˵ţĿͶҶС硣
ʲôҶСʵ
ѵûǸ˺رϤ𣿡ʾ
رϤҶСһɻ漴˫ĿһȷʵϤΪǾ˵ĻǸӾˣеŮӾߵŮˡ
ѾˡҶС˵
δһǣҲŬıδЩ鷢ҶСᶨ˵
Ըɣ˵¶һ˿֮ɫһ仰û˵δǲɸıģôȥ÷綼ҪһεĴɡ
ϽȥɣС۹ｻҾˡҶСǿһЦ˵
˿С۹ٿ˿ҶС磬˵ͷʧҪα񾳣ֻΪˣܹ֪飬Ҳܹһ
ҶСα񾳻һξҪߣһֻˡ
ߺҶС翴˿еС۹¶۰֮ɫģһὫ۾κõġ
磩硭۹ôˣҶСոߵ¥ſڣС㡢ºվͶ˹ҶС籧С۹ʱɻʵ
û£˯ˡҶСǿһЦ˵
ŮȻ֪鲻ӵģϾС۹ɫ԰ޱȡ
ѽѽСΪһ׹ջзɳҶСļϣĿС۹ԲԲ۾ת֪ʲô
߽󣬿еŮѯôˣҶСԥһ£ջʵʵ˵Ů֪С۹۾ʱһ¶˹֮ɫҪչС۹
ʱ\ľӣӻѧԱڵĵϴЩ˴ɱ֮ҶС֪Լ۾ʱ޺۾ҶСĿԹ
ҶСһĿɬ
˽˼仰˸æѰЩżҶСͽ״̬׼һ£һºأС۹


1639 ݵƽ
ҶСʱʱܶ˶жѰҸֹϵĵ伮ͬʱҲϷϢ˭ûصϡ
ħֻһָڵ˶ȥСȡ
Ҳܹóʮ֣ͲǺħĶ֡
뻪ȣķɳĸսţȻȥ֧Ԯͺħս͵Ϯ
Ϊ˷ֹħռ캫ͻϮģʱʮ˶ڱ߽
һʱ䣬ͱˣϵֱܻ̣ܶӱΪƽأտ಻ԡ
·֪һѿеĹͷħ彫ȹº󣬾Ҳûнֱն
նѪӰĵ̣ħ廹ǽˣǵռ˴غ⵽ѪӰľ档
ھǸûں֪ʱѪӰ˻϶ǱߣڳжĴҲϾǶ塣
Ϊ赲ϱߵľ֣ķǲ˺ܶСǰԽϡ̩ȵأ⼸ȵľв
УԴһ񽫻ع󣬺ȣʥ̵͵˺֪ܶ࣬ʱˡ
ЩƽģǸû壬޷һֻսУܹܵԼڡ
ǵս
Ĵ£һϣûܹ赲ЩϵļΪĬԴ⣬һԵһ㣬ɨһУ幥ռȫ黹
ˣȻսڽڰˣ̵Ϊ裬ĪϣҲ忴
һº඼ֽ׶ΣûٽκأԭеĻȴţ·ҪЩռȫġ
˵ֽƽ״̬ƽֻǶݵģŵƽ󣬱Ϊҡ
ʱУҶС˫ĿѾͻ˴ﵽ߲ڣʵѾܹʥصǿ߶ԿˣȻʥسڣʥڵˣܲǶ֡
һҶСããϣһ֮
ʮӺҶСڵŴﵽ˱ͣҲ˺ܶࡣ
ɢһУС۹ѾˣһϪˮ߷Ҳ֪ʲô
ҶСߡ
硭ҶС絽С۹˵ҶС绳Уǻ֮ɫ
۾ôҶСĵʵеС۹Ŀˡ
磬Ѿûˣҵ۾ѾܹˡС۹Ц˵Եÿޱȡ
øúÿǲĺˡҶСסС۹ԴҪС۹۾С۹ǲÿԴͣҶС绳ꡣ
ø翴ҪȻҪˡҶСװһ˵
硭С۹һ¶һ˿֮ɫðɣͬ⣬Ǹ磬㲻ҪѹŶ
õģҲѹġҶСǿЦ˵С۹仰УѾ֪ˣۡ
С۹ԴҶСĻƳȻ̧ͷ۾Ѿżˣ۾ȫǰɫģɫͫʧˣ۾İɫ·һ˿ɣЩ˿߿еҡ
ͫ۳عˣҲӰʵҶСԸоС۹ʵϵϢе΢΢Ļҡ
ҪȥѰС۹ָҶСѾ˾ġ
磬㲻õģܹģĶһвһ·֪ҶСʱǳİûںС۹˵
ܹҶСĿС۹ʵ
ţǰӣҿĶһЩɫʺܹЩжϳ𡣡С۹ϴЦ˵·ͲںԼܹܲü
С۹ϣҶСûиܵ˰Ŀеֻǿģ·ֻҪҶСͻῪޱȣȴһгࡣ
ģһҵ۾ȫָġҶСᶨ˵֪С۹۾ûȫָҪȫָֻ˵ְ취ˡ
չǰֻ˵һ־˫Ŀ۾ָһ־ǲ˫ĿӴںڰжɹû˵Ҫ֪ʲôİ취ֻеȵԼˡ
磬ûµģ뿴˺С۹˵
С۹ĻҶСǸжС۹ı˻С
һһŲ𣬽ŲҶСѾ֪ŷǧˡ
ѧŵŮ֪Щʲô


1640 ʱʹ
ǧ㣬ˡС۹̧ͷ˵ϹſֵЦݡ
һʱĻǰ˺ܶ࣬˾ͻкǰ飬Ը㲻㡣
ˣ۾𣿡ŷǧС۹Դĵʵ
ʹˡС۹˻һĲЦݣ·Ѿȫˣʹˡ
ôˣ۾ۣҶСüʵ·뵽ʲôһ㣬ڲһ䣬Ҫ˵ʵŶ
С۹ԴС˵еۡ
ΪعɣȫˣΪ˻ҵĹ˿ߣÿʱÿҪž޴ʹࡣŷǧ͵
ҶСɫ΢΢һ䣬ΪС۹ֻǿˣû뵽Ȼôʹ࣬Ȼع֮ʱΪĲ֣࣬طǧ򱶣治֪ôЩʹġ
ҶС綼ûдɢϿߡ
һΪκ۾ģһʹࡣҶС翴С۹˫Ŀᶨ˵˫Ŀ룬Щװ׵ϸ΢ڲϵı䶯ģû䶯һ֣ʹࡣ
ţŸ硣С۹Цݲϡ
һ۵ĺӡŷǧС۹Դ¶һ˿塣
۹ôܵʱ\ľӣӽ˹ʵ
С۹ˣΪǳʲô£ϽѰңû뵽
ˡҶС磬\ľӣӹĽһ
ǲǻڹңҶС΢̾һʵ
ûй㣬ҪȻҺͽ۹Ѿˡ\ľӣҡҡͷ˵
ҶСܹĻǷĵģİɣһ뾡취κС۹۾
ллˡ
лӦġ
۹Ⱥͽȥҩһڹ\ľӣӿС۹˵
С۹ǲĿҶС硣
ȥɣ粻ߵģһֱ
ҶСĻС۹ɵĵ˵ͷĿҶСһۣȻ\ľӣ뿪ˡ
ҿһҩܹЧʹÿ춼ҪС۹ȡҶСͨŷǧ͵
ܹȫ𣿡ҶСʵ
ܣ£ܹѾˡ
ǿû뵽ΪԤһδȻᷢ飬֪ҾͲС۹ˡҶСޱȺڵ˵
ŷǧĬ·ʲô飬þãſڻ˵ԤδǰӦѾ֪Լٵʲôĺˡ
ʲôҶСһ
ԤδˣڤڤжӦԼҪܵĳͷ
ҶС˫ȭգȻС۹֪ٵĽȻԥȥԤ⣬֪Լжá
ǧѵС۹۾ܹҽѧˮƽ𣿡ҶСʵ
˵һ۾ŷǧʵҶС粻˵Ѿ֪ҶС˼ˡ
֪ɲԣϾعҲðգһʲôıʾͲˡ
ҶСһƽʵһʱʲôջ񣿡
ѾеȥѰˣһ˵Щû˵ŷǧҡҡͷһ£ǿȥĲ֮ز鿴һ£ûصļأǱϾǴļ塣
Ĳ֮أҶСü֮رȻҪޱȣҪȥ϶ѣǼгԹ
ֻ취ˣĹҲǧʷֻиʷΪƾãصҲΪȫҪȥҪ൱Ĵۡŷǧ
ŷĲ֮ûУҶСѯʵ
Ҳ֪鼮̫ˣһ꣬ŷػһʷʷҪƾã¼ĶҲΪȫǿȥŷѰңûУȥ壬ʱҸһȥϾ崫꣬кܶطΣա
Ҳְֻ취ˡҶС˵ͷĿͶŷǧֻ㡭
û£Ѿŷ壬ǿҵİ˿ŷǧЦЦ
ллҶСסŷǧ˵
֮仹˵лл𣿡ŷǧһ䡣
ҶСЦЦû˵ʲô
ԴǱߴһ£ǱûʲôϢ෽Ĵ̽ȫһЩ
ãһȥʡ
С磬С۹˵㱧һŮǲģŷǧʵ¶һĨǡ
ţ˭ҪȻһУܹǾҵҾͷֱ治ӾңõҲκģҶСᶨޱȵ˵
Ҫ˵ֻŷǧһֵֻҶСǰ˵


1641 ǰͻ
ŷųػһ䴫꣬ʷжãǶô
½ϣ׺ɣƱãһû䣬ŷѾԶḯķᱮ
жٶ๫⣬һƬɽһƬɽն񣬳ɽ룬͵Ұޣܶ˽ֹı־ֹ˽Ƭɽ
ɽһϿУḷ̌ޣƣˣ·Ķ츣أǲκΪﶼ١
֮䣬ԼԼܹ¥̨ͤˮ˼ɾŷڵء
Ӱͻ֣һһŮòӢ㣬ɫж䡢ǳɫɰϴţУһֺܺơ׽ӽĸоŮҲǳɫɰϴţп㣬׿Խվ˿ɾ¡
ҶСŷǧ
һʱŷǧúС۹һʱ䣬ҶСǰССϣѯһ¹֮顣
ҶСҪ֮ʱüû˵ȥѯһ£Ͼǻ˵ˣҲȨĲĵط
Ӧ˴£ҶС͸ˡ
Ȼܹϣֻڻϣڶ죬ͺŷǧ˳ˡ
ƬϿھŷˣ沼󷨣Сĵ㡣ŷǧָǰ·Ͽ˵
ţߡҶС˵ͷŷǧΪһŷڵصڡ
ҶСȻܹóܵն󷨣ޱµ󷨣ȻֱܹӴҪȻ϶С
󷨶붼ŷ󷨴ʦõģӲȻɣοֲµġ
ҶСûԼŷǧټҪڡ
νŷפسΣʵﵽʥأ治ҽ룬ϾŷĳԹͦġ
ʵﵽʥأбĻˣοһλ󷨴ʦ
ʲô˴ŷ塣ҶСŷǧո£ʮ˴ɽϵïзɳǰ
ǧС㡭Ϊ׵һ˿ŷǧʱɫ˱䣬лЩ΢΢Ĺô˵ŷǧҲŷڣĵˡ
Ѿŷˣֱӽҵְɣŷǧƽ˵
ǣλǣΪ׵꽫ĿͶҶС磬¶ɻ֮ɫоҶС磬Ǿ˵
ҶС硣
һҶС֣ǵɫ˱䣬һҶСĿмɵһ˿Ľ
һʱǿûҶСĴʲôһһˣʲôһŷˡʲôĵӢ۵ȵȣ˽Ҳܹ˽ˡ
ԭҶС֪ǣΪ׵ʵ¶һ˿ľ裬ҶС鷳ģжð˺һԷ֣Ĳˡ
ýţûж⣬鷳ȥͨһ˵ҶСŷܹ˵ϻˡҶСϴһ˿Цݵ˵
ǣҽȥͨһ£鷳šΪ׵˵
׼ȥͨʱһܲг
ͨˣŷɲʲô˶ġ
£һӰͻأֶ·ƾճһ㣬ֵʱƬһ˿΢ĹâŷĹĤ
һ꣬ȥֻжʮңɫۣϵɫ˿ͷϽ𷢹ڣӢɡ
ҶСȻܹʵ䣬ʮʹﵽʥ۷壬ȷʵ
ƽүˣʮ˹˵
ŷƽܿûпʮˣǰ߳ʮľ룬˫Ŀ˿ҶС磬ֿ˿ŷǧ˵ҵ˭ŷأԭǶλ
һŷС㣬һĻӢۣŷ԰ϧŷʵ̫СˣݲǶλȥɣ
ҶС׼˵ͱŷǧǰ߳һ˫Ŀбų⣬ŷƽܣʲô˼
ʲô˼ŷǧĺܣҼǵõϵʱ˵Ӵ˺ŷϾκιϵһ˺ŷ壬˵ˣŷỶӭ𣿡ŷƽ¶һ˿Ϸ֮ɫ
·𿴵ҶСŷǧԱͺˬһ㡣
ҳҲŷˣҶСӵǰŷǧֱסҶСĸ첲˵һǵӡ
ŷǧĶŷƽɫ΢΢һ䣬һĨɱ⣬һĨɱһţ¶ЦݣҶСŷ壬ΪŷĳˣҶСӣҲǵĳˣŷỶӭԼĳ˽롣


1642 ĵ
ҶСǰһݺݵĻζ·Ҫһ㣬һɿµƱŷֱӽŷƽС
ʵߣʲôʱŷֵѲԴŷ壿
ŷƽɫ԰ףҶСֲ£һҲܶ·Ƭռ䶼Ѿˡ
㡭㡭ҶС磬ѵŷ𣿡ŷƽܹʵôҲŷſڣﻹеģ϶ҶС粻Ҷô
ƣҲ㲻ϣҲȥŷһѣѵŷĴ֮⻹ǵһμ¾Ҳ˰ɣѵŷѾ𣿡ҶСʵԥĸһñӡ
㡭㡭ŷƽܲ˵˻һֺ£һߡ
ʲô㣬Ҳŷѵһ㣬֪ʲô֮ҶС粻мƳһŷƽܡ
ʲôǺŷſڳ֣ʱһǾھ֮𶯡
һ̣һɫ۵ͻأգûпʲôվ˵طϣŷƽǰΪŷƽܵסҶСƣΪѾﵽʥء
ɨһҶСŷǧ¶һ˿΢ЦԭλȮӸղ˵ײҶСϣ㲻Ҫ֡
ģҲһʶġҶСȫ˵·ǲŷƽܼʶʵǸŷƽܷ
㡭
ƽܣ߶ǿˣʲôìܣǶǰˣǲܹ˵ŷСûؽ󣬸ϽǸ˵
ǣסŷƽܹض˵˵ȻתͷҶС磬Ͼǲ֮ɫǵǸǸղŵҲԣϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
ҲģʢҲҶСЦЦһʮִȵ˵
⻰ŷƽɫǺޱȣĿɱ⣬ҶС绰еİ˼Ȼó
Сƨѣⲻ죬һЩ飬ǲСӼƽϵģҶС绰о˼ҲʾҶСûнŷƽܺһϡ
Ͻ¡˵Ŀһŷƽ˵
ǡŷƽܴԹ֮ɫĿһҶС磬Ȼŷ塣
˼СҶС߶ǿˣҶС롣һòơ
롣ҶСҲӦһڣ˽ȥ
ܹŷĲһ棬ǾòˣһϵҪŨһ֣ǲĹЩȻѾһ˿˿ǣĻݣЩݵλûƶ·Ѿˡ
кܶʹ֦ͷܰ㡣
һƬɭֺǰȻһ¥һµĹãһ֪ǼΪ󷨡
ŷ弫󣬿ȥȻһУڶ࣬ҲжʮˣҲչʾһĵ̡
ȻǴ壬̾ǲǿ۽硣¥󹬵ҶС̾һ˵
ȻܹĳҶС˵ĻȫǷģоΪãǫ˵˶һѡ
˶࣬ǸڶడҶС鿴һ£ʥ֮ϵĸҲһءʥָ࣬ÿһʱ䣬оͻͻʥ
¡ʱ򣬾֮һ𣬽źƾ£һɺƴѹ¡
ݡâҶСǵͷŷȥ
治ɣղͻƵˣ㣬治˼˺ǿ˵
û£ҪǼ˴̣ŷǲ簡ҶСĸ̾һ
֪ĵ̷ǳ񣬵û뵽ȻֵزǰعƣȻعı䣬ĸַ׷ӿ֣һҲǰ˴Ŀµ̡
ǺǣҲǲ˭Ҳ֪˭ЩЩ˶ԺϣҪɳһʱ䡣дһ˿⣬·ѾЩ˳ɳһĻ
عŸոȫƣһЩϸµĶûȫɺãٹʮ꣬͵ĶʢʱڡҶС˵
ǰٹʮ꣬ȷʵɳȽͲԶˣ˵ʵڵģΪĻ㣬ܹôʱڳ˾磬Ľʼɰпܹס˲ˣò˶ã»ὫЩһԶԶ˦
ֲһʱŪǰˣһ˻ˣ˭֪ʲô֮˳֣ʲôʱǻҪǫ顣ҶСЦЦ˵


1643 ̸
һߣһģһߵһǰһŷӴ˵Ĺ
˴ҶС߽ҶС翴ѾΪʥغڵˣɢŵƣƲ֮ϵƣһȨơ
붼֪ǾŷеȨˣɫ۵ˣüĿ۳ȨƱȽŨأûв´ĻӦþŷһȨˡ
ǻĵĴӢ۰һ˲ţƲλɫ۵һҶС˽̾˵
ǰڣôҵĵĴӢۣҪӢһСڵҶСǫ˵Ȼ˲һϣŷǧվһ۲
ȻŷȷʵеìܣϵĹҪ
һ˭ܹȣɫ۵˳Цһ˵
ڲһʱǰ棬һͻһﵽյ㣬ظı䣬˭֪жӢֲܹŵҶСƽ˵
ǫѷмӣһһˡ˸̾һ˵
Ȼô˵ģʲô˭֪أ
ǡҶСֱߵСϰڷиָˮ˿һžͿһҲԼˡ
ŷˮȷʵóԣ̺ǳŨ񣬺쾳֮˳Ժ󣬶ܹʡҶС̾ȴ飬һŻһš
ǺǣЩˮݳһѣֲʲôƷɹ֮ġ
ǾͺãһˮأȻˣ͸ҼôҶС˿˵
ҶСĻˣһµǶ˳顣
Ȼˮ㲻ʲôҲް˭ԾܹԵĵģţ൱ǽһĲȻˡ
ûмţҪĻһһ˽صһ£ˣŷ岻Ϊ˳ˮɣ˸Ͻת˻ʵ
ȷʵһ顣
Ŷ֪ʲô飿ʵ¶һ˿ɻ󣬻һֺµĹâ֪ҶСŷ嵽ν¡
ŷǻĸʷΪƾõģŷ۵Щס֮ҲȽȫŷĲ֮һۣ֪ɷ񣿡ҶСƽʵ
УԲУ¥ŷصأһ˽ȥҶСĻ£⵽µӵķԡ
ҶСĬһû˵˵Ϊûʲôܵ飬Ǵ۵ĴСѡ
Ŷ֪ŷĲ¥׼ʲô˲ûоܾҲûͬ⣬һ
֪ŷеĲ¥вкܶѧ伮ҲЩЩŷǱпɲһǣҺŷҲսΣʩչ似Ҳţŷûмܹʩչ似似ɣҪһ¼عʷ鼮ҶС˵
֪Ҫ鼮׼
Ҿû£˽˽ʱʱȵЩʢʱһЩҶСЦЦ˵һӣ·ûоʷ
ûʷ⻰˭ŰбҶСһȻƽ˵Ҳ֪һ֮ضһ˵ζʲôǼڲҪȥǧѣ˵ˡ
ֲֻѧ伮飬Ҳ֪ҶСܻܿ濴Щ伮ȻŷҲģЩĶûзڲ¥
Ҳ֪ûѵͣһһֶġ
֪׼ʲôһĶŷɲһµӣҶС˵
ҵĵӱȽϱʲôҩҺ֮ĶûУΨһܹõóֵľ似ϵͳһʱĳԣҲһܵϵͳĲ˰ɣһὫӵеһתøǡҶСƽʱ˵ΪС۹۾ܶĴۣԸ⸶ֻһϣ
ϵͳȷʵƾϵͳǲ似Ļֲ֪ʲôεġҡҡͷ˵
ҶСЦһͻأ䣬һָûöκƾһ㣬ռףǡָ
һʧӰв֣ǹӰǡӰ
ǡơ
ǡʮ



1644 ̽
һ似ҶС˵ĶǺµѧ伮κһжܹ𶯡
ҶСһ˶ʮ似תһӻصԭλãһˮоĵģŷ˺˶˫Ŀ·ڻŸղҶСǻ״̬
˺һ˲˫ĿĿͶҶС磬΢΢һ̾û뵽㾹Ȼӵ˶Ķ似ֲٶ֮졣
似Ϊ˴ģǴ似Ƕعһ˽⣬ܹ伮ܹ˽һЩعЩԼع˽⣬Լĵ
ǺǣˡҶСЦЦû˵ʲôûз仰
ЩҶҪֻҪһ˽ضҶС˵ͬʱһɵҶС硣
ŶҪʲô
ҪͻȻ˵кųһɿֲޱȵҶСѹȥͬʱҶСΧĿռ䣬ŷǧС
ҶСΡĸɽƾ籩꣬ȻȻķеĸոճˮˣŤͷˡ
ڿЦİɣҶСʮƽ˵ΧһϢӿһӾƳ˶ԷƬռķԵƵᡣ
һɫһ䣬ЦȷʵǿЦģΪû뵽ΪѾﵽһò˶ٶãͻᳬˡ
˵һԶˡҶСǫ˵
һ콾Ҫˡ˸̾һ˲䣬ɫĿҶС˵¥һ£¹ش󣬾Ҳܹ´Ӧ㣬һ£ŷϢһ£Ժ֪ͨ㣬㿴
ҲãǾͶлˡҶСվ˵
罭ȥ껨԰ס˶ſ˵
һɫ۵˽ڸղŴҶСˡ
ŷ罭Ĵ£ҶСŷǧ˳ȥŶߵķȥ
ҶСŷǧ뿪һµ˲ʵ磬ղôˣ
΢΢һ̾ղ׾ٵľƳҶԿռķ˵ʵҲﵽʥأסһʥصǿߣʵûаա
Ѿﵽʥأʵѹסе㲻ŵʵ
»ѹסһ󷨴ʦǶ󷨶һܹסһǳ־ûл͵ˣնɱŷ嶼Ҫˣ̫ˡ
ңֲµģǽ׵ģȻŷ崫еʱԶۼ似鼮ȴ࣬ղչֵЩ似ҲˣڱеЩ似ˡ
ȥһ£ŪΪҪŷĲ¥֪֪ˣܹõ档¶һ˿ƻЦݡ
ǣ硣˵һʧˡ
ȴ˵ҶСŷǧ˸ŷ罭һξŷǧͻȻ˵鷳ˣԼȥ껨԰ɣ
ŷ罭ͣס˽ŲЦЦҲˣҲŷˣŷҲϤȻˣҾͲˡ
˶٣ŷ罭˿˵òϣǻеȻѾǵһˣȴɹһԡ
ŷ罭ЦЦȻ뿪ˡ
ŷֻƶҲΪҶСŷ罭ԶȥıӰ˵
û°ɣŷǧҶСϵʵ
û£ҿҵΪͻˣҪȻǸ϶һ⵽籩ĹҶСź˵ղڹеʱѾزǸ϶ɢɱ⣬Լչʾ˹˵ʵ½վҪɥŷˡ
û¾ͺã˿붼ͬˣǴ۴С⡣ŷǧл۹
šҶС˵ͷû˵лᣬˣ껨԰ǲǺʲôϵ
ղ϶˵껨԰ʱҶСĲŷǧı仯
ǰסû뵽ôˣҪסˡŷǧɫӵ˵
ҶСסŷǧ֫˵ǶǰˣˣҶСӵݽ֪סʲôܡ
ʲôܣǶ˼ѡŷǧ΢΢һЦͻȻҶСɫе㲻ԣɻʵôˣ
ûʲôϤˣǹȥҶС¶һ˿Ц˵


1645 
ΪĻ̫ˣҪﵽʥ۷壬֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬Ҳûκλᣬô죿ŷһǰߣһ
üͷ壬ɫۣɢһа֮·̥һ㡣
ͻȻ䣬нŲǰ洫̧ͷȥҶСŷǧʱסˡ
û뵽Ȼˡ
㶵ʱҶСŷǧѾߵǰ
ʥ۷壿ô죿Ǻǣǲ򵥡ҶСžһŷ˵ϴһ˿Ц⡣
ôŷľĿҶСʵɫܲÿ
ôͲأҲŷĹ͡ҶСĿһŷġ
ôĬһŷĿҶСʵѾҶС֪ˣҶС罫´˳ȥѾҪˡ
ôǺǣҲôֻҪ㲻ңЩҲŲܣ㰮ξΣ޹أֲŷ֮ˣǧҪעǧϣҪȻҸұ֤һĺܲҵġҶСһɿֲӿŷ֡
ǡŷϵĹͷ춯·ʱпܱѹſڵϡ
ҡҾԲġŷʹ࣬ǿ⼸֡
ߣáҶСȫơ
ϣΪĿһ㣬ȡܹѹסǼЩϹŶҶСȻЦЦ˵Ȼŷǧŷ߹
ҶСŷǧ뿪ܾúŷĽȭͷбųĹâþãɿȭͷû뵽ʵȻѾ˿µĵزΪ¸߼أûнҷɣ
ŷԳһЦһʼҶСȷʵͦ޵ģϾҶСĸԴѪĹҶСĺ޾Ȼˣлһ˿˿ĸмҪҶСĸͰ϶ûΪ
ĸ硭һöŷĵ˼
ŷϸı飬Ťͷȥֻ԰ɫΪףȹŷ˹
Ȼôᣬ·ˮһᾲԼһԴԼ
Ůʧʱ򣬸޵İ͹ŮӣǷС
Ϲҳһ˿ѵõᣬǡ
ĸղʲôŷ߹Ȼŷĵĸ첲ʵ
ûʲôôȥŬˣ
ѵĸҪˣŷ¶һ˿Թ
ǣֻǲ뵢ŷĸϽ˵
ĸ磬ʲôѵ㻹𣿡
⻰ŷĳĬߵһ·һ¶ˣȴĽңŮ
ŷֲ˵ŷݸһЦЦһĨʹÿ˵⣬ŷĶĬ
ĸ磬Ƭ¼ǲõʱˣȥɣŷڴĿŷġ
áŷĵ˵ͷ
ŷЦݣ·¼Ҫá

ŷǧҶС껨԰ȥʱ;˺ܶŷˡ
ҶСŷǧʱǶ׷
ǾҶС𣿱ȴ˵еĻҪ˧
һܵˣȻŷ塣
ƳŷĹأϣҲôһ˴뿪һĵط
ҶСŷǧĶȻܹЩ˵Ļ
ŷǧЦЦŷ壬Ѿһˡ
ܰɣϾǺܶ˲顣ҶСĿŷǧ
лл㣬߳طܹһɵķɡŷǧĿҶСл
лҵŮҪٸ˵ĻСܵͷҶСŷǧһ£װһ׶˵
ŷǧҶСһ
ûйã˾껨԰һСԺ䣬ȫʯ̳ɣԺУ߿÷һӿһֺʫĸо
߽жһƽ
ͥԺŷǧ¶׷䡣
ﻹǰһСʱԴ֪ԼѪܹʱҾһ˴ֻҲܹÿһţ˫Ⱦͷŷǧһ˿˻Ц
ѾȥˣͲҪˡҶСӵ˵
ߣҴȥСʱסķ俴ҶС绳дƬ̺ŷģ̌ͷ˵һž¶СһЦݡ
ʱȫûǻӡ
ŷǧķȻ࣬ǽּֽкܶ࿨ͨĻ滭
Щ⣬һЩԽת䡢֮鼮


1646 
ֲôԭСʱͿʼˡҶСЦ
ǴСİáŷǧ˹һСʱ򿴵鼮¶һ˿ӡ
껨԰ûжúŷ컪˽ҶСŷǧŷ飬Ѿ壬Ϊŷǧĸ磬󣬵һʱ˹
ܾûм棬ŷ컪Ϊ˺ܶ࣬Ѿʥسڡ
عı䣬ٶҲ˺ܶ࣬ϧһд۵һʵᣬѪʢչǰ;Ϊһ޷ģǺܶ˵ǱѾȫھˣչǰ;ԶԶûһֵԶ
ŷ컪ŷǧĻ²޳ɣУֻҪıòԸʲô飬
ϴκŷһͬȥеʱеڣһζԼЭ֮ĸһ˿Ѻۡ
һŷ컪뿪ˣ̸Ļ죬ŷ컪ߵʱҶСһСŷġ
ŷִ飬ҶС粢û˵ȥŷĶŷһ
ֱ͵µļ˾ˣûдڵıҪ
糿ʱŷ罭ǰҶСŷǧȥ
ϴʱһֻ˺ڡ
ҶСǰϹҳһ˿Цݣŷ廹ϰ𣿡
ϰߣлҶСϴŵϡ
ŷȷʵܵÿ춼һЩˮˣҩҺȵȣԴˣҶСҲûпһ
֪ţëţϣ̸ʱϼһһʨӴ󿪿ڵġ
ǾͺãǵĹͣǲܵ㣬ҪȻ˳ȥ˵ŷ̫ˡ˵
ǽҵ˹𣿿½ҵ˷ģҶС뵽⻰Ȼû˵
Ǽ飬ҶСֱӿʵ
װһӣȻڵǼϼһ飬¥ǲȥǴе󣬱Ͼкܶŷ伮˭Ҳұ֤㲻ῴ˺󣬴ʲôο
òŽôֻ֪࣬ǵʲôҶС˻˵Ļƽʵ
˿Ȼˬ죬֪ҶСôˬҾͲ˵ôˡ˳Цһ˵
漴ЦĿҶС˵ǵ飬óһǧ̨ٲ似ǵҪ󡣡
ҶСͻȻЦ˳ǻ潫ҵ˷ˣϵͳǸ֮Ǳֻ˰˰ٶ̨Ūһǧ̨תתźŵһģܹһ㳬еʧǾ޴ģ⣬ȷʵ֪ܶ似ֶ似ΪǴײ˰Ҫپж٣΢һȼ似ȷʵкܶ࣬ǣ似ûô࣬Ǹʱ䣬ݳܶಿ
ҶС绰˳Ĭһ£ſ˵ϡ磬ڷѰֶ֮֮ˮо𣬲֪˵ûУ
һһо֮еӣҶС磬Ѿ֪ҶСҪʲô
⼸һֱŷ壬û˵¡ҶСҡҡͷ˵ɫƽ˸Ϳʲôߡ
ŶһΪѰЩأЦЦ˵Ȼ󿪿ʵ׼ĴۣϹĲ¥
̨ʮ似ʮһ似ҶСûԥֱӿ˵
ҡҡͷ²У̫ˡ
Ѿҵϵ׽ˣ˵ǵҪˡҶС˵
Ȼֻа˰ٶ̨ôҪ̨ôϾߵЩ˱Ƚ٣òô࣬似һٶʮһһʮ
ҸղѾ˵ˣ似ûô࣬һ㣬Կǡ
һּۻۣմһ£ҶС縶İٰʮ̨ʮ似һٰʮһ似ĴܹŷĲ¥
Ǻǣû뵽ּۻⷽ滹Ц˵
ȻˣҪûһ¾Ҫ˳ԵͷʣˡҶС絭˵֪׼ҸǴЩ似
ܼ򵥣һܹ似ھ͸㡣˵һ䣬Ļɫһӣٿӫ˹С


1647 뿪ŷ
Ϊ͸ɫ·ˮһ㣬ȴɢŵĹâÿһôС
ֻҪ似ȥ似ͻԶӡڡ˽͵
áҶС˵ͷһ죬һöͳУһε˽ȥʱ͸㶨ˡ
ӡ似ڣ˿˿âתֹ켣¡
ҶС罫ӡ似һ룬Ȼٴһӡ
ҶСӡ似ʱ򣬻ùһӡ似鿴һ£¶֮ɫ
ûйãʮ似һٰʮһ似ȫӡˡ
ʣµЩɷ͸ңӡҶСһ£Ȼѯʵ
㻹ǸԿЦЦðɣ͸ˡ
ҶСû˿ͽЩûм˵ӵˣҪҪ
Ѿ似ȫǣϵͳò˶þͻ͹֪ʲôʱԽŷĲ¥һأҶСѯʵ
ǹƽģȻЩûƷʱԽȥҪȥ𣿡ʵ
ţڡҶС˵ͷ
罭ҶСȥ¥˵˾䡣
ǡŷ罭˵
ҶС΢΢ͷȻŷǧ˳ȥ
˺ܾ֮󣬻¶һĨЦ⣬Щ似Щŷʵܹǿһˡ
磬ҪҪ˶ǣʵ
òţһŷĲ¥ҳЩò˵ǻͦģŷл۵似û࣬鼮һΪƵġ˵
磬֪ҪֶʲôãЩǸû˵ɻʵ
ʱڵĶɣЩȷ˵
϶֪ЩҾúпģΪѾʥ۷壬˵òЩָΪɣƲ
󣬻˳Ĭһˣ˼¥ǱǲҪȥᣬǱ˶ţ뿪һҪˣоֶ̽ʲôãܹͻƵĻ˵ҲҪȥҡ
õģ硣Ӧһ
˵ҶСŷǧ¥󣬾ϸѰ似鼮ֱԹֱѰЩ¡֮鼮
ҶСѰ֮ʱƼƼԱŷ壬ΪǼ尲װЩ
⼸ɳȥһЩСڻϵЩУնɱ˺ܶľǿߣȡ˺ܶľദҶƬҶƬҩҺ
ҶС֪ҶƬܹҩҺĻ϶ˣʱӡȶ֪նɱ˶ľ֣ЩಿλҶƬȫˡ
һޱߣ岻ҽҲ׶Σȴɳ˺ܶСӽɧš
˵ֻ幥ռضֻ࣬кħңǸ˺ܴĴۣȴûн뻪ģ󲻵òıԣȽҡ
Ŀǰ˵ѪӰͺħ廹ڽ⣬嶼ͣϾҪһ£ҪȻռ̫ˣսúܳڹ
ŷĲ¥УҶСŷǧѰʱ䣬һҶСһйãһЩ鼮ûзġ
ҪǴŷĲ¥жҲκûй֮ˡ
ֹһʱ䣬ҶС罫ʱ鿴һϵ鼮Ѱˣ¶һƣ֮ɫ
ʱŷǧڷ飬ٶȺܿ죬Źâ
ѰңҶСľ˺ܶ࣬ϢһоָĲʱпʼѰҡ
ŷ¥еѾȫˣһǰ
ôҶСüĵλʵ
ûҵȴ˼ĵطأŷǧʵ
Ҳһ߰ɣǻȥоһҶС˵
šŷǧ˵ͷ
˸ո߳¥ǰһξ룬Ϳ˻˹󻹸ˣЩ˶ʥصĸ֡
λѾŷĲ鿴ˣϴЦѯʵ
Ѿˣл
ôҵҪĶ˫Ŀ΢΢һУĿҶС硣
ҶС΢΢һ̾ôףҪѰҺܾúܾǰ飬̫ѵãֻдһЩ֦ĩƶˡ
Ѿŷ˺ܶˣʹȥ
û£ŷĹͣҪöԡЦ˵
Ҳһʱ䣬Ǳߵ̫ˣǲò뿪
ίߵ˵һҶСͺŷǧ뿪ŷ塣


1648 
磬СӿѾŷĲ¥ҵʲôˡҶСŷǧ뿪˶Ի˵
ҵûУעĶ˵
ǣ硣˵
ѾʼעҶС磬Ȼǻ֪֮ʲôЧžԲǷϾǶû˵
뿪ŷʱ˲ʱ䣬˵Ӱһϡ
ոյҶС͸ܵһɿֲϢӣһϢǴ񹬴ģŬͻƣǲ֪ʲôʱܹͻơ
С۹۾˹ϣһֱһϣͺʫͯľܿһŮӲڹѧԺ飬ѵС
ҶСŷǧֱľ¥Уһڡ
㶼ʲôҶСֱӿʵ
ҷֵһдǣһ仰ҵע⣬л𣬻Ϊһ꣬Գ磬ټأ治С
֮⣬һ仰ɫ컯һΣɰԳƻ档
仰ǹھټЩиҵҵҵһϣŷǧҶС˵
⣬һҵһĵط¼ǸطĺǸΪһˡ
һ·֪죬սҷ׷ľΪԶһϼڣ֮ȡ
˼ǣһ·һ죬Ǹ϶ΪͨˣǱ͵һֵĵطһȥͬͶˣ˱Ƚϴƨ
˵ЩģģģѰҵõҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ҲģǸ˻һͼһͼǰ½ӺڸһǻҪһ˺˶һ£Ǹطŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ЩЩȽֵĵطûǾͲ֪ˣҪһ㣬ǸͲ֪֮ʲôӵģǼ˿ҲҶСɬһЦ
õģлܹҵģˣҵʲôŷǧѯʵ
ҵһƬĻĮݲȫɳֵ򲢲ȣǺʺֲ࣬طӦȻ֮⣬ЩصĵطҶС˵
кܶصĵطҲܶණڶͲٵȷʵǲ֪ЩӣҪȻѰи׼ҪǼѰң˭˵ֶȴʱѰңŬŷǧҶСʵ
ҲŬһ뵽С۹ÿʱÿ̶Ҫž޴ʹ࣬Ҿûȥ
˺ܶ࣬ƺе㲻ŷǧĿҶС˵
ҶСĬһȷʵ̫ˣ׻Ϊ̫ˣľΪҵʱ޷ѹҵˡ
㿪ʼŲʱ䣬仰˵̫ǳˣ㿴ЩΪﵽʥ˾صˣһǧ꣬Ƕĳöࡣŷǧ
˵Ҳǣ˵վǸˣ񹦣ΪٶȻôĻ߻ħˡҶСҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ӧóȥߡŷǧ
ף쿪ʼҾͳȥ˳ѰټҶСЦЦ˵
ţһ飬ͷİɣڡŷǧ˵
ҶС˵ͷһ飬ǱȽϷĵģϾŹǳѾܹˣޱߣû˸⹥⻹ڣĹǿΧ㣬Ҳܹһã˵ܶѾ󷨵ѵһһֲСӡ
һȥһˣЩĵطʲôڿܹܲҳҶС˵
磬ˡʱһӰӳ˽˵ҶС绳С
ӰС۹
ô֪һˣҶС谮С۹Դʵ
˸˵С۹ĵЦЦ
С۹ûкɫͫ׵˫ĿҶСоһκʹ
粻õˣҵ۾ѾˡС۹˵˵
ˣô£ҶСĿС۹ΪС۹ƭרΪġ
Բ𣬸磬Ҳǹģ۾ʵ̫ˣֻҪһۣҽ紫ڵĹڲˡС۹һŵ˵ҶС


1649 Ů
ʲô㽫ҴڸĹˣҶСһϽС۹һε鿴
С۹ڵʱҶСһ
۾ʹ⣬ûʲôʣҶСѯʵ
ûСС۹ҡҡͷ˵磬㲻˰ɣ
ᣬֻҪ۾ʹ˾û£ԺǧҪ飬ΣգһʲôҲˡҶС˵
֪ˣ硣С۹Цݡ
С۹Ŀǰûʲô飬ҶСȻĲѣС۹ԴԶֵһӹϿһŮĹҪһȼ
һС۹ķջʲôӣ˭Ҳ֪
ģû£Ҳ֪ãľˣǰĹ˳ΪԳΪĴˣ˳Ӧع磬δı仯ܵСͣ˫Ŀع˿һƬң֮ѾıˣǴعǿпδ仯˵ҲǺ£Ҫ۾ָҶСܵĵʱһ
ҶС簲
һһ¡ǵٴ漴ʧˡ·ֹһ㡣
ôˣҶСڷ㶣ŷǧɻʵ
ûʲôǺǣС۹ӦûµġҶСЦЦתͷС۹ģһκ۾ؼġ
Ÿ硣С۹˵ͷ
ȺǧģеҪȥһ¡ҶСС۹˵
е㲻̫Ըǹɵĵ˵ͷҶСĻŷǧǰ
ŷǧɻĿҶС磬֪ȥʲô
㡣ҶСߴ˲ʧˡ
һ⣬ƺգҶСӰͻأ֣ոճ֣һǿͽﻻƣ·һ뿪ռ䡣
ȵһлָһİĿռУǰվһȫ˺ɫеľɫŮӡ
㡣ŮӣҶС¶˷ģЦݡ
ŮɽʱҶСŮӡ
ߡŮһһԲ
ˣҶССʵ
ĺ£ûȫɳԤδⲻҪ𣿡Ů˵
ҵ֪Ϊûʲô˭֪Ȼܵ˳ͷһѰҵκ۾ķġҶС¶һ˿Σ漴Ǽᶨ
ǿдԤ⣬棬ߡŮ˵
ҶС羪ȵĿŮӡ
ղѾ˵ˣ˳˳Ӧ⣬˶˵ģԺҲˡ
㣬һúñģΪҶģһؼ
ؼ㵹˵ɣôؼâ֮Ӷ֪ôѰңŮӳ˵
ҶСһ漴۾һ¶˸֮ɫϽߵŮǰסŮӵĸ첲㣬һ֪ԲԣҺòã
ҶС¶һ˿֮ɫ
ÿɫ죬ռıˣŮӵҶСһ˵
ҶСϽջ֣һЦղŲģһʱˣˡ
֮ʱʱҼǵӣҪ¡ŮϸָҶСüĴ
ʱ䣬ջָ
ҶС˫Ŀ˵ԭ֮ﰡ
ҲҪ̫ϣⲻʱʱҼӣ˭֪ݱûСŮû˵
㣬ֶ֪𣿡ҶС罫ĿͶŮʵ¶֮ɫٵüȻŮֶ֪ӣôӦҲ֪Уǲ֪߾ΪҲܹҵ
̲ýѰңŮӿҶС˵
ٺ١ҶСͷҪ˼ЦЦ
ҵҲ㣬ԼȥѰңҲǶһֶޱȣҪõʵҪ⣬ѵĻѰһӶҲŮ˵
ҾԼѰҰɣܹǵĴӸңѾ֪ˡҶСЦЦ˵
˵ŮӰҶСһۡ
㣬ôͻȻ֣ҶС粻ʵŮӳΪרŸ֮ӡ


1650 񾳻
Ҫȥ׼һˣԺҪСһ㣬ҪðաŮӿҶС˵
㣬ʱǲһֱڰбңҶСʴ
Ҳǰбֻĵʱ򿴿ڸʲô
ŮһֱڰйעҶСмָж֪ŮӿҲڰбˣҪȥ顣
Ŀǰ˵ΪȻԸһЩΪǿĴڣԱûģҲ⣬õ͵ʱһҪ͵Ů˵
ǣ㡣ҶСϽͷ㣬׼ʲôȥ
֪ʱҶģڻʱ򡣡ŮҶСѯЩ顣
㣬ҵʵѾʥˣڿɲԸα֮ϵľ硣ҶСĿŮӣһֱ֪֮ϵĵȼ֡
ðɣҪȥһ£ܳʱ䶼ܹҾԲ㣬㵽ʥ۷ʱ򣬲Ż㡣Ů˵
Ը㲻ҡôһ𳬼ڰбԼԼȫ˱ϡ
֮˾ͲӦηκζ߰бٺһԼķչСҪ뿪ѨԷʳŮӿҶСһۡ
񾳺粻ͬɷ֮࣬񾳿˵֮˳ɵõ𻯷Ľ׶Ρ
Ǻ졢죬ʥǶعһЩãһعһռУܣƲɴ⡣
񾳿ԷΪȼ񾳡񾳡񾳣һȼһȼǿ񾳵ĸ֣һƬռ䣬ƬռУǿƿع򣬳һ飬񾳣ʵĹӣһȼĸ֣ԼʵǿиıһռеĹ򣬾ʩչʱ͵Ĺ񾳸ֲе治֪ˣʾôáŮӿҶС硣
ô˵ǸˣҶС˷֮ɫʵ
ҲҪ˵̫磬ĲһƤëѣʱһܹΪһѻҽΪճʱڵ㡣ŮһӸҶСͷϹһˮ׼ݺݵĴһҶС磬̫⡣
֪ҳġҶСʮ˵
Ǻ£ҪֵžУ񾳸ܹʱĶࡣ
һΪֻҪ񾳣ܹһй򡣡ҶС粻˼˵
һй򣿺ߣô󣬹Ǹǧ꣬꣬ҲܹٹֻҪܹһֹ򵽼£۳ӾܹΪˣȻĹԽ࣬ʵԽǿ󡣡
ŶҶС˵ͷ˹㣬һľأ
񣿵Ѿﵽķ豹ľ磬ɽɽˮˮںϣ֮䶼ǹڱ䶯־磬ؼܹ˵ϻˡŮ¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫ
һкܳ·ҪߡҶС΢̾һ˵
ҲҪйعѾָˣò˶þͻָʱǸʱع򣬵ʱߵΪͻͽ˵һҹ֮䣬ΪһЩ鼮˵ģһõշŮӰο´ҶС硣
㣬֮ϣûľ磿ҶСѯʵѧֹôǷҲûоͷأ롣
֮ϵľ磬֪ӹŵûͻ񾳣Ϊǿ񾳽֣Ȼڴۼǻǰ·ۼҲ۷Բĸ֡
ʱһ˵˵֮ϣһ磬ﵽ磬Ϳͳ죬ѹ򣬰˷ݣ֮ˣĪҲӣȻⲻǸ˵ûͻƹŮ˵
ŮӵĻҶСʱûѪҺڷڣ·޲ﵽǸ磬ɽӡ
ˣѾ˵ĹˣҪѹҲҪ꣬ڲ˶꣬ѾΪʱҲǰеģҪһһӡסˣŮĿҶС˵
סˡҶС˵ͷ
ŮӸҶС˵ЩȷʵҶСһӰ죬ӰǺһģ̼ǧ򱶵Ŭ
㻹ʲôûУûеĻˡŮӿҶСʵ
У㣬Ϊʲô磿ҶСʵ
ҵΪȲ㣬ԺȻ֪ŮӶҶСƤһЦͻȻʧˡ
ʧĲŮӣǸռ䣬ֻصԭռ䡣
һ˿ҪˣҪСǣǶһαļһԣǾԲܹ
Ůһ仰


1651 Ҳȥ
񾳣һᾡͻƵġҶС翴Ϻ
ͻȻ䣬Ůʱһ仰ʲôһˣô£һ㶼ס
˵ʱ֪ˣתһ߳һľ¥УǸУŷǧС۹ڡ
硣ҶСոճ֣С۹оˣŷǧһ˵ҶС绵С
ʱһ׹ɹҲ˵ҶС绳Уһ׹ǸСһӼҶС绳УڳһȽơ
ʱûмˣСһ㶼ûгȻôС޵ģһ޻
Ѿֲ֪ʲôˡҶС罫ĿͶŷǧ˵
Ŷŷǧ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ɽʱλҵġҶСЦЦ漴¶һ˿֮ɫλѰҵ˵ԼѰң͵Ƕ
ѾˣѾ֪֮ӣѰҵʱҲһԣܱǰʲô֪áŷǧЦЦ˵
˵Ҳǣҽ֮Ӵ㡣ҶС˵һ˫ĿâųֱӴ̽ŷǧ˫ĿС
ʱҶСͣ˫Ŀָƽ֮ɫ
ԭ֮ﰡ֪ǵӣ¾ǼҲ
Ҳǣ׼뿪һжˡҶС翴ŷǧ˵
ģһտģҪҪһЩȥٲ鿴Ϣʱ򣬲ҪԳŷǧʵ
УҰһ¡ҶС룬ͷ˵
ҶС罫½ŷǧС۹ȥ档
С۹һҶССʸʲôûУûʲôʱҶС뿪ˡ
ҶС羭ڣָЩһЩѾϰΪˣǻͲҶС뿪أҪҶС羭ڣѵЩˣղЩֵľͻҶС磬ӵĻմȨûʲôֱΪɵġ
СҶСľܿСʱĶӲһ˿˿ı仯ҶСҲܵһΪ΢Сš
ҶСΪҪ˯ȫԣȻϰʱ˯õϰߡ
ϺľܿŸСһ󣬱˯ڶҶС˹ʱľܿȻ߰ο˯š
˵кŮ˯Ȼ٣ҶС
·ҶС뿪¥ŷǧ׼˰֣޻̡ºЩ˺ȻУǶҶСľɲ֮⣬һҶСû뵽ˣ̡
١ҶСո߳ſڣºһ˾͹Ľһ¶һ˿һ˿𾴡
ҶСһ·ҶС磬ײţÿجج֪øʲô
Ǵع󣬷ԼΪȻϣȻܿգ·Լûһ㡣
˵ҶСҪ˳ȥǶȲҪҶСһ뿪
ҶС翴һһԵŷǧ¶һ˿м֮ɫŷǧİţЩ˶ԼϲˣǳȥʶʶһֱһǻԽԽǷϡ
ôҲ׼ȥҶСɻĽĿͶ̡
ѵҾͲȥ𣿡̿ʵ衣
ǣҲ˼
ҵΪѾʥ۷ܾˣûͻƣȥߡ˵
ðɣҶС˵ͷӦȻܹó̵ĻѾǳۺˣһ˿ܹͻơ
ǱȽĹҪ֮ˣ̺ϵǣЩǸ߲εĶҪһЩΪ
Щڴǧ磬һĻҪͻƺѡ
Ƕ׼ûУʱп䡣ҶСĿһɨʵ
׼ˡͬ˵Ǽ
ߡҶС˵ͷһεĹâųУ˲ʧãã
˺ʱҶСͽǶǰС
ҶСͳºһʱһӺð˳
ҶС˫Ŀбų⿴ȥ
ϴңɱҡͻȻһҶС
ףҶСɻĿֻ㡣
ϴڼˣˣ׼ȥҴȥֻ
˿ҶСżһֻ㣬ⲻϴȥʱȥֻû뵽ΪȻѾﵽʥء


1652 ҵ
㣿û뵽ΪѾôˡҶСЩȵ˵
ϴû뵽ļǵңСʵ̫жˣءֻ㴫һ
ȥɣֻȥҶС˵һ䣬£̤һֻıϡ
¶һ˿ɻ󣬲ǸҶСһڣȵվһֻļϡ
ֻ޴ޱȣֱһС͵죬ޱȿ⻹ûнԼȫĽ
ѽѽҶСովȣСһӾʹҶСĿڴ˳Ȼֻıͣһ߻ţ֪˵ʲô
ǳǳһЦ˵
ûģҲ֪ʲôʱܵҿڴСҶСЦЦ˵
Ҳ֪ʲôƷֶɰֱ̿С˵
˭֪أȫһСǺǡ
·ҶС˵ССתҶС˻צӣѽѽĽš
ϴ׼ȥռдһֻ
ǶһȻ󶼽ĿͶҶС硣
ԭ·һղ˵һֻ㣬ϴȥʱ򣬾ȥġ
СλһֻԻ˵
һֻѾʥؾ磬ǰеٶȼ죬ûö೤ʱѾ
һ·˵Ǻܰȣ;һЩѾĺǻ׼ҶС統ʳȫһֻˡ
Ľ͸ߵǻ岻ͬߵǻԼȡȻеıЩ࣬ɣĹУӵױȵϵͳܹɵĶתΪ
;У˸ĺħ֣Щȫ޻̺նɱˡ
ʱҹʱԺܻңֵҳһţᡢܵȵÿʱÿ̶ڷ·һӵ˼ʮꡣ
ҲǣعѾָŨʶıˣÿ˶˵˴ʱ
䷸ǿܶ˶ƽһЩʲô顣
ߣ˵ȽƫƧԶͺ͸Ĺƣɱ洦ɼֻһԼ׵ĽֵҶСͿɱ˰
˻ҵҶС΢΢һ̾Щǵû
һ·˵鶼ܳأЩ飬ҶСûйܣ飬޷ֹǾ
ǻˡ΢΢һ̾˵
ĳ˺ͳһѾȵ⣬棬ѾȫС
ÿһʡжи򣬹ûǸ߸һʼʱˮ㣬һ󣬲ºģնɱЩ˺ź˺ܶࡣ
ص䣬Ϊȶʱ򣬾ҪºģɱӺնɱһЩӡ
طȻҲĸ֡ʥ̷ֽ̣ǻϲô·ŵᵱɭ֣ǳ
һʧȥ˼ıҰǷǳµġҶС絭˵
ȥʵ
ǸϲһƬɽǵĿҶС˵һ䡣
һоڿն𣬻Ϊһзȥ
շеٶȲ죬ҶС粢ûôԽռֶΣѹٶȷУһ߲鿴
Ȼ⣬Ĺǿˣķιеĸּ࣬ÿ϶ɢһѪɱ·Ϊɱˣ
ֻҵĻУĵˣҲΪһɱ˲գ۵Ŀͽ㲻ɱˣ˾Ҫɱ㣬ʱװһ׺ݵӣҪȻҪ۸
ʲôˣͣ¡ҶС˸ովһϿʱһдȻԷõӢǶܹ
һ·þ춼𶯡
ݡһһŽɫӽضҶСǡ
Ƭ̺ʮâҶСǾ˱ʮΧס
Щ˶ʥǿߣΪߵľһʼֵɫӣΪѾʥسڣ˵Ϊʥءزȡ
ʲôˣҶСʵ
ˣʲôǰ̵ĵ̣˭ܹ׽ȥġӾĶҶС˵
һˡҶС絭˵Ͱ̵ͻϾ˼ҵĵ̡
ʲôˣӼʵĿͣƬ̣ȻͶҶСϡ
ûбҪ֪ǵĵ壬ԼˡҶС˵
Щ˻쵰ζֲ
ˡ


1653 ǮֵǮ
ʲôҲҽѵǡҶСĻɫһ䣬ĶҶС˵
ÿҶС˫Ŀкų˵ЩˣʵûпıҪ
оҶС˶̲סһ˫У·ھ֮أ̺һħ֮ӣоͻһĪĺֺ·ܹĶ˵ꡣ
һһץһɫľ޴۶ҶСץ
ò֣ղҶСĿе£ҶСΪͻжǿ
ƬռѾˣֲѹȻ޴ûдﵽѵһʥ֣ڶԷһץһ£еѡ
ҶСףһɿֲޱȵƱܺƵ
ǡɫľֱӱ飬ΪǸʧڿС
ۡһѪݺݵĵ˳ȥ˵ҲҶС£˿ܵ˲ͬˡ
һд˾壬֪ҶСʵǿᣬԶԶǶ֡
ߡҶСƳһۣȻǰȥ
Щ˵ľٶʵ̫ҶСˣ࣬̿ԼΪԼأ嵱ǰҪǵζԸ壬ɱ
ҶСһȥӣ¶һ˿Թ֮ɫǶǰ̵ˣԴӰһ񽫹λ󣬰̵˺̵ܶ࣬ҲӣһҲʹ˽ᣬΪû˸ԡ
ղűΪһҶС磬ҶС˵һܹǰ̵ƣû뵽ҶСôֱӣѵһٺﳤȥ
û°ɣһʥصĸǰʵ
˵û£˫ĿбųʵѾѪˣǸɵԼûУѵҪԼˣܹ
²ܹôˣǶ˾Ȼܵ۸ǰ̵ˣǲˣԷΪǻЩ˲ҪҼ֡һʥǿ߷
ȻܹôˣҺǰԣ㣬˶סǵȥϵ֣ҾͲʵжߡбųɱ⡣
ҶСһӶôӣȻܲζѾɱģֻҪնɱǣܹһظղŶӡ
һСʱʱҶСǾС
һطס¡ҶС˵һȻһƵꡣ
ż׼䡣߽ҽƵҶСߵ˹̨ǰ˵
ŮԱƳһҶСˣ䵭˵ס죿
סɣҶС˵
һʮ򡣡ŮԱͷҲû̧˵֪ڹ̨ǰĵĻϿʲô
۸ҶС㶣ûסľƵꡣ
ⲻǺڵɣôһ𣿡ˣŴʵ
ʮ򡣡ŮԱ˵һ䡣
˵㡭
ʮ򡣡

ˣ˵ˣǮҶС粻ͷĻ˻˵Ǯ˵Ѿûʲôˣֻ;
ȻвʣǣҲû˵ʲôһԵ޻ݸһſ¡
ݹȥȻŮԱʾԼĲ
ת˳ɹԷݸһƱݵǩˡ
ո׼ǩͻȻɴ۾˵ʮôֱһ򣿡
ʮʮһ򡣡ŮԱЦһ˵
Ǹղ˵졣ܲʵ
ʮʱڱʮû˵ס죬ԶĬΪʮ죬Ҫססס͹ŮԱĿһ
׼˵ʲôʱ򣬱ҶСֹˣֻҪԹԵǩ֡
õ˷СֹţܲղŮӵķ̬ȡ
ڷļǮҶСһҲû⣬ᷢչֵزǮѾֵǮˣһѷֽûʲôˣڻĵʱܹһЩ˻ҵǮ㲻ʲô
֮ԻǮ¶붼ǳĳϰߡ
һһſ߽˸Եķ䣬һ䣬ҶСŵһɵѪζ򿪵ƹ󣬷֣һж룬ǽϷɽ˰߰Ѫ֪ʲôʱ˵ġ
٣ʲôƾƵ꣬ôˮûСҶСոմһ£ĺ
߽䣬ˮͷȻһˮûС
ҶСһЦƬˣĳмΪң˽죬֪ôĻУ˭⣿ղ߽еʱҶСͷ̵ֺܶŶǹŵġ


1654 ɵ
ڷڴƬ̺ҶСʹסˣиһּΪѹֵϢ
ʵϢڽʱѾˣܶжڰ̱״̬û˹ֵͣźܶɵµСγڲҪʧˣ֪͵ˡ
ȸһĺĸоһӡ
ҶС˾Ƶ¥ϣС
ܵƹĵƹ£дҹ紵һƱֽڿзǶ˳˵ѻ
еˣ͸¶һɻɫǶΣǰ;ã
ҶС˳ºһȥ̽ϢϷɽûʲôĵط
ûԥƬ̼䣬뿪˷䣬ֱŸͬķȥ
һ΢ĽŲᲽߵߡ
ôڷʵ
ﵽѪζסˡҶСЦЦ
ҵķҲǡ˵û뵽Ѿӣǡ
ĩһ㣬ǰɣҶСЦЦϵЦûһص³㿴ЩԱѾˣֻĴͳУϸжѾǷˡ
ʲôʱսʧҵĶСˣжһǣ˸оѹ֡˵
Ǻǣԭӵеһ׼ʧˣĳֿµ飬ö֮һҲͷˣҺǻĻ˵Ƚȶ
Ҵûгģò׳һΣȴû뵽ľȻһĻ
һĻʵģܹжαߺˡҶС絭˵
̳Ĭ˫Ŀ֪ڸʲôеڵ
һĻҶСϳһ˿Цݣ֪һǴּΪѹֵиʲô
ܾ֮˫ĿһĿ·һִŰʹ
ڿͻˣҶСʵ
ˣһһЩͻƵʱһΪһ˵
ţҲͦõġҶС˵ͷ
˾ͶĬŸԵ顣
Ҳ֪˶ʱ䣬ҶС˫ĿȻһ·ҹеǳŵâޱɭĹâ
ôˣܵҶСƵı仯ɻʵ
ûʲôһЩ۵Ķˣ֪ӦһƽȫҶС˵
ʱͻȻ䣬ط·𶼾ͣˣЩڿзıֽҶƬȫΪ˷ĩռɢһɱ֮
ˡղղźҶС緢˳ͻӴ߳ÿһ˿ռǿ𶯡
ǻеӣңȻû뿪⡣Цһ˵
ΪʲôҪ뿪ʲô͵ˣʲô˵ģȻ㳤һǣΪͬЩûнȫ嶼磬Щ˻֪ͬԸ࣬ڶأߣ治֪ĵǲˡҶСЦһ
ò˵ҶСĹݶȻ⼸仰Уûһʣ̣ľ֣ĸ֡
̶̲͡סЦ
ҶСĻɫѿޱȣĴȻܹóҶС
˵ûнȫ壬˵ޣ
һ仰Ǹ
׼һڿѾûҪˡɫ˵
ɫâųһɺƴӿƵƬء
ʱռ΢΢ִг֣϶ɢſֲƣ˵ƶӿҶС磬·ҪҶСѹ塣
ڶֵ£ҶСȻһƵӣЩ˶ʥ۷ĸ֣ͶҶС첻вǾͨĳ󷨵ĻпܣǴɢϢܹǾϲ󷨡
ҶСһɨ˿Щ֣ȻĿͶӣЦһƾЩҲԸң
ʱ֪ˡ¶ݶ֮ɫ
ѵƾеǸ𣿡ҶС糰ĿŽӡ
㡭ô֪ģѵ㡭ҶСĻӴ󾪣ȷʵһ֣Ǹ˵ΪѾﵽʥأ׼һ֣Ŀľ³ʲô¼û뵽ǣҶСһӾͿˡ
ô˵ҶСΪҲһﵽǸ硣
һ뵽гһĨңΪҶСΪҲʥ۷壬׶Ըģû뵽
˵ǲǸɵҶС糰һЦʵ


1655 
թҵĻɫĿҶС˵
׳աҶС粻мƳһۣȻĿͶһգȻˣͳˣͷ¶βģɲһʥظֵķ緶
ҶС磬һӢȻܲΪѾѹЩϼһˡһЦ漴ҶС綢ŵǴһӰ֡
һɫƤµˣʮֿ࣬һ׾ңȥͷ·ȣΪɲ⣬ѾﵽʥڣҶСܵѹ
仰ӵɫ˱䣬¶һ˿ʣһ˿Ĳ
֪ңҶСе㾪ȵ˵
벻˾ȻһӾϳ
Ȼ֪Ĵĸ϶ȴʣ˵ûдһ˿Ц˵
ɣҶСŹâ˵
¿ˣôϻʲôֱӶ֣ץס˻ĵӢؽһǳ˵ءӺܲͷ˵źݶĹâ
Ȼ쵰Ҫ쵰ﶯ֣ѵͲ£л𣿡ҶСʵ
ʲôϵ˾ͻˣֻҪܹץסСӺݺݵ˵
⻰ҶС֪ʲôݶˣȻޱȣȻмʮˣһսԽлǸʱ򣬿϶кܶһԼҵ˶ˣһ˿ʴ֮ģûжľη
ҶС磬ȥطһսΣ¿˿ҶС˵Ȼǿˣٻ֪˼޹֮ˡ
ҪսҲԣҽǽ˵ҪȻһսʱ򣬶Ըҵͬ顣ҶС絭һЦ
˼Ǳôˣ¿üҶС硣
ǣģǾﶯֺˣǹҵˣǶ£ʲôҶС˵
ȻҲ˼޹֮ˣƱˣҲûа취
Դһ˼һ¿˵
Ǻǣ㵱ɵӰ뿪к󣬸Ƕ֣ʱսһ˵ܹ˼ڳкУٻи¥úô赲ҶСЦ˵
¿ˣﶯֶһҪץסӿ˿̣ȻĸͶҶС磬¶׺֮ɫ
ͶְɣʱϾͻǰ̲˼˵İΣֱڳսûʲôֱı⣬飬ʥ̵ϲ
ҪץסǣͲԣ˭ҲסҶС¶ᶨӡ
ҶСĻɫ˱䣬֪ҶС˵Ķʵ
ġһȻĿͶ˵¿ˣõ¿˳⡣
һΣûа취սһˡ¿ҶСһۣȻĿͶ˽ӣҲǶ飬ҿ¾͵ΪֹɣҪȻԼְɣһԿţڣԱ֤ȫ
ǲ붯֣ǲΪ¶һΪս˴޹֮Ӷ˾޴鷳ˣڽӣӿΪƨɣԼһ̲ˮ
һĲʣ¾ôˣȻУЩ˵ʵҪԸҶСȻǲܵġ
ԥһӲʵĿһҶС磬˵ˣһΣһҪ
һεʱ˵ҶС絭˵
ߡӺݶĿҶСһۣȻ뿪
¿ĿһҶСҲ뿪
ʧҶСһʱĻС㡣
仰ҶСһʱ˹¿˲е˶սΪ
԰ǻôõˣѾݽ棬͸һУٶˣҲʲôоΪǿ̫̫ˡ
ҶСϾᣬûоʱıǨ档
鷳ˡͻȻ䣬̵˹дһ˿Ǹ⣬Ϊ΢ҶСҲЩίߣѾࡣ
û鷳Ҫô롣ҶС簲ο֪ΪղŵĻΣΣұҲû׼ս
𣿡ɻĿҶС硣
ġҶСĵ˵ͷҪ룬Ϊ˳ʶģңҪΪİȫΣ㽫Ϊ˵һҪİ
ôܣҵΪߺ󣬶֪Ϊʲô磬֪ڰοҡ
ûаο㣬ʵĿǰ˵ӲΪ󣬼ֵΧҿ϶УҪİҶСΪ
лл㡣
ʲôлģԼˣԺҪ˵ֻҶСǺһЦ


1656 ǰɽ
֮ûйãºһһĻع飬ȻҲһЩϢ
ӵ˵Ŀе֪ƬɽУȷʵЩĵطһطǾһƬϿȣɣǰ˲Ҵ룬ʱֱӷˣԭͲö֪ˡ
滹һطһƬطݲ˵ȥ˴ûг
֮⣬ʲô˵ȵȣҶСȫһһ
һһԼϢ˵ҶС󣬱ȴҶС
˼һҶС˵Ѿȫˣȥһһȥ
٣ɲԴһȥºƿҶСڴ˵
ȥҶСԥĿǣ˭֪ƬɽлʲôĿǰ˵ǵʵеͣǶԼü꣬ɲ뿴˭¡
٣ɽδ֪ΣյĻǻæ鿴ʲô飬ٻ취ǷһȥĻʲô飬û˰æɾˡºȰ˵
û£ǶȥˣɢΪҴ̽ϢߴҲԣһ᲼һ͵󷨣ֻҪǲ󷨾û¡ҶС˵
١
˵ˡҶС˻֣ȻĿͶ˳ºƣע㣬Ҫе˳ͻһǿĵˣͻҾƵꡣ
ǡºƹ˵
ºƵ뿪ҶС罫ĿͶ̣׼ߣǣ
һȥҪȻеҪߣɽҲһѡ񣬲֪᲻Ҹ鷳̾һСŮһƤգһ۾˵
ȻᣬʵѾԱˣ˵ʱһҪİæҶСЦЦ˵
̵ΪѾʥ۷壬ĻᷢױȵĹȻԱºǵΪʥһأأȷʵеˣǾһʱ̫ˣԲǳ
ʲôʱߣѯʵ
һᣬҾƵڲһЩҶС˵漴˫Ŀбųâ˫лγһЩҶСĴ£ȫû˾ƵǽУγһ·̺
ʮӵʱ䣬ҶСͣ˻ָӡ
ҾƵˣ´Ӵ˺ûм˶ܹơĿŹâ˵
ܹҶСеĿʵ
ţһʱģѧϰһ󷨵֪ʶҲΪ˷ֹԺʱһĨڡһЦ˵
ţѧһҲкôģ߰ɣҶС˵ͷйâӶ˰˲ʧ
ǳֵʱѾһƬɽˣһƬɽΪɽһһľдУߴͦΣա
һЩҰܵӰ춼·ҪˣŨ֮£̥ǣ͸Ӵ󣬱ҲΪ͡
һƬɽƣ˿С
վյҶС˫ĿоȾ֮ϵǳҪȻ͸չ·Ǿһ㣬з书ܣҶСոմͱ˿
ףƬط֣ȻܵơҶС罫ȵ˵
ԡ˵һ䣬ҲɢɢʽҶСɢʽȻͬҶСֱ͵ģ̾Ĳһɢ
ҵϲƣҵʵߣֻܹ鿴Բٶ๫ڵ˵
ٶ๫Ѿ㹻ˣɢʽر𡣡ҶСĿ˵
ģεɴݵʲôطܹ鿴ʲôطЦЦ͡
ҿǰȻһѰң֪Ҫҵ¡
˵ţҶСзУѰʲôɽȡ
ǰнһξ룬ҿʮӵʱͻȻ˵
ҶСһʮ·̣Ťͷʵôˣ鿴ʲôҶСѯʵ
ǰһƬҵҲ鿴Ӧþ˵ɽȣǸطĻ֮𣿡ʵ
֪ɣϣУҪȻ֪ҪѰҵʲôʱ򡣡ҶСЦЦ
λǴд֣̲鿴ƬԶ
ǰʱһһԵïܲݴгҶС˹ٶȼ죬⡣


1657 Ͽ
ҶСû˼ָ罣һâ֮ųռ䶼һӱи˿
ۡѪɽһ˵ϣʱ˲ſһʲô
һֻͬˮͰһϸߣһֱӴм䱻ʳ룬ѪһأȻѾҶС÷â֮мʳ룬ȻŤţɼ֮ǿ
ԭһֻߣһΪʲô˵
ǰʱ򣬸ͼôߣǵҲûôǿعı䣬·һжع鵽ԭʼ״̬أѡΪǰ˺ܶ࣬˺ܶࡣҶСЦЦ˵
㻹鿪ЦѵûҪı־棿ʵ
ı䣿ǺǣҲ̫߿˰ɣ־ȫеĹ£ɺ죬οҪҾֻ֣ܹӻҡҶСŹâ˵
ͻҶСһЦ߰ɣҵֶ˵Ķûйϵ
̵˵ͷ˲ǰУ˴ʱڵλþɵɽȲǺԶǾôһ·ϣ˺ܶ೤ĺܴҰޣԴôС֩룬֩³˿ܹ쾳˲סʹܹ֮
оèһС˶Ƭɽеһз޶Ѿ˾֣ٹ˼꣬ЩҪˡ
ƬɽϣܶɽУЩҰҲ仯
ûжõʱ䣬˱㴩Խï֣ܵǰȻʣһϿȳǰ
Ͽ죬ͿʲôϿȵͷխСмеţ㶼ͱڣʮֵļա
طɣʵ
ӦþˣһϿȣƯӦþ˵ǸطҶСŹâ˵
طеаţ㷢ûУдһֹϢü˵
ţˣܹȫǵһȥǿ¾ͲΧˡҶСɫص˵
ҪȽȥûʲôΣգٽô̿ҶС˵
У˭֪ʲôΣաҶСû˼ֱӾܾˣܹһŮΪðա
ˣһȥҡҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ޹ǵ֣˽ȥ
̽΢΢һ¶һ˿֮ɫȴûзԣҶС֡
Ǹ³򣬻ϣ㲻Ҫ̵֡ܵϸ΢ҶСǸ˵
ô˾ӣдһĨЦʵ
һ˾ӡҶСԲѵ˵·Լľͺܺһ㡣
𣿵ʱɽҲ˾ӡ
ҶС¶һ˿֮ɫȻ˵һҶǵˡ
ҶСˣƤһ
ʱѾ߽ϿУΧȫŨŨɢܼҲֻ߰ҵӡ
߽ϿУط·𶼾ɽӦӵеķСӵȫʧһʱֹͣĸо
˾ͷǳǰţδ֪ΣգǱָ߶Ƚŵ״̬
⵽ô£Ϊλô̵˵
ҶСž⣬·ܹһ̿Ķͻأִһţӿ·ռ䶼˺ѡ
ããдһͨͨȻǰããһƬʲô˸оƶһ㡣
ôˣɻʵ
ԣ⵽ôһ£ɽӦ󷨣󷨣Ҳۼôǲ֪ɽΪóĻȻγɵġҶС¶һ˿֮ɫ˵
Ŷ
ȻγɵĻ˵ĹȥΪõģɽ󷨵˾̫ˣںһ𣬻ع򣬸Ϳһ˿ĺۼǶ˶һ󷨡ҶС˵
㻹ܹŹâ˵
ңҲѡҶСЦЦ
ûоΧתͻȻ䣬˵¶֮ɫ
תҶСظһ£Ȼ˿Χûвʲô
ţЩΧת
ûУһоûСҶСҡҡͷ
̲˵ˣһ·Ĭš
ʮӵʱ˻ڲϵǰţͻȻ䣬ҶСͣס˽ŲŤͷ˫Ŀбų⣺㲻̣㵽˭
˵ʲô¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫʵ


1658 ʬֻ
ҶСûᡮ̡˫ĿųΪĵС
㲻㵽ʲôҶСٴʵһɿֲϢ˹ȥ
̡òͻȻ䷢˱仯һİŮӣŮͷɢɫɫݣһֻʬ
ҶСپëȻʱ뵽ԼǣŮӵ֣һֱĵףϽ˦˿
Ů˫ĿбųĹâһҪҶС̵ӣ˫ſҶСץ˹
ᡭ糤ںָðɢɭɭ⣬̺ҶСоָ̺ŻƻԵ
Ŀһһĳӿ羪İǳǿᡣ
ءŮһӱҶСķ˳ȥŨʧ
һĻҶСסˣһƣʥصĸ֣嶼ֱըѣŮӾȻû£̫ˡ
Ҫ̡ʱҶС̡
˽ʱֵģǣţȻͱˣ̫£󷨹ǿ
̡ҶС𵽣ԼܹоԼĶĤǿҵ𶯡
󣬵ȴû̵Ӧ
ѵǳʲô飿ҶСһɵĵ
˫ĿƾŸоǰߣǰʲôͻأ䣬һҶСͣ˽ŲվоʲôĽӽ
ͻأ䣬ҶС˫µķâ֮ų·һӾܹնϹ
ǰһӰƮɢ
˻һĽͲ
飬ҶС绹ǵһͷƤһ顣
ڴҶСܹɫӰڰɫ֡
ҵҪǾʲôҶСЦһӰ΢΢һΣӰӴϷֳ·һӱΪ
ЩɫӰٸҶСԲأҶС֣ǾʧҶСʧǾͻ֡
Ȼ䣬ҶСӰոͣһɫӰӾͳҶСǰ·ҶСܹ͸ǵ˶켣
һɫӰӣٴηһ۳һɫ˿ߣֱҶСüĴȥ·ҪռҶСͥ
ߡҶСһָצε˿߱ų֯һŴֱӾͽһɫϸС
·֪ҶСʵǿޱȣޱȼͣҪҶС۳ɵ˺ƣҶСΪǺεȵǿѲ
ҶСеĹâӿתۼ䣬ӰͱҶСѹһԲ򣬴ԲҶС翴һӰ
һĻҶСɫһ䣬ꡣ
ǽԾ˵ڳȻڳġ
ǿҵĹԣ˵Ϊϲľǲʳ˵꣬׶쳣ҪǣԱǿܶ౶ܹ
ѵղŮӾνʬҶСɫޱȡ
ʬǱĻгɳĶʧȥ꣬ԭڵĶڣɳ塣
ô˵һʬֻˣĵ
պգΪЩ󷨴ʦȻѰһȽŨĵطȻͨóȻھĻϲóʬֻ
󷨽ɹֻҪ˴룬Ϊ΢ľͻܵ󷨵Ӱ죬󷨵꣬Ϊ꣬Ϊʬ
ʬȡɳȻܹɻĻϣǳɳٶȸ졣
֪Ǻ˲õ󷨣Ȼ˺ݶҶС˫Ŀбųǿҵɱ
˲ҪʲôֻҪҶСˣһնɱǸˡ
ʱҶСͻȻоΧ˫ĿһɨֻʬΧסΧ֡
ЩʬŮⶼߣɫҰޱȣ͵˫ĿУǷɱָſҶС翿£
ҶСһƣǰѰģȴû뵽Ȼһλ󷨴ʦõʬֻС
˭󷨸ʲôȻˣҾһҪһ󷨡ҶС
˿Щʬ꣬ҶСϷâ֮˫ֲϵػӶһķâ֮ųնգն˿
ۡһ߾ߵʬҶС籬ķâ֮ǵ꣬նɢ
ʱҶС羪ȵһĻˣֻЩӿЩʬڣЩʬϱâ֮ĿףȻˣЩ궼۳ˣ·ǲһ㡣


1659 
һĻҶС粻һŨĵطЩʬǲĴڣնɱ
ܹ˵նɱΪǱѾ塣
ؼӡǣܹȫնɱҶС˫Ŀбų˵
ƴ趯ÿһιж̺ſµĻ·ܹնеһеġ
ȻκβЩ꣬ȻնɢˣȻڡ
˿̣ҶСûа취ʬأֻҪԾȫΪ飬Ҫָ¶Ҫܳʱ䡣
뵽ҶСһ䣬â֮µӿǿ·һƿɽӣһƿء
顭ҶСӿȫÿһƱȻܹһʬ򱬣ȻϣЩʬ򱬺Ҫָѣٶÿʮʱ䣬ȫָ
ЩʬսжʮӣҶСͣУѷսĵѵõ䣬ôȥҪˡ
Уôȥǰ취ҪƿҪȻڵ꣬ڻ֪ôأҶС
ͨЩͲٺЩʬսˣڶ֮䣬۲󷨵
ȻʬֻȫŨͿҶСЩʬΪ۲󷨡
ӺҶС˫Ŀޱȣ·ǻۣܹ͸еһУȻ󷨣ûȫѾһЩ켣Ͱ
˫һĪĹ켣һһĹ켣ɢΧŨİѹˣɢ
ҶСΪģԲʮڣûһ˿İһΧУûѹƣҶСȫչ˫ĿбųεĹâܹ͸һΧڵһС
ҶСһ磬󷽺˶ʮףֳŵݺһץһöɭɭķı˳
һöϻм˿ߡ
ءıѣΪɢڿС
һöıѵ˲䣬һգһȶͻȻ˫Ŀ˫Ŀбųа֮һ֮
Ȼ䣬վǷŭ֮ɫ쳤Хһ˭˭ҵ󷨡
йռŤҪˡ
˭һҪʬΡ׷¶ݶ֮ɫǰһʧˡ
ʧȥһöģһƬΧڵİûйɵУһطһطΪŨӲܹҶСõĹ۲󷨡
ҶС߶ÿһط˫Ŀܻ¶⣬ֳһץһöġ
ҶСöʱԼԼ
̡ҶСһ䣬ȥģģС
ҶС¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫγЩģʮöİγķ
󷽡ҶС룬ͬʱ˹ȥ
һĵطڵطɫ԰ޱȣѪޱȡ
һŹٷǰָĻÿһͻγһ֣֣ЩʬͲö
ҶСϹʬ꽫̰Χʱ˻Ϊһնء
ۡʬն룬ܶҲֱɢ
һǰޱȵĵʵ̣ô
ˡ˫ĿҶС¶һĨ΢Цɫһɣ˾ͻ˹ȥ
ҶСϽסյ˴ָС
ϵһ˺ʱɫɵһ䣬˿ڴѾȫ˺ɫ붼Щʬ˺
ҶСһһ죬һεӿڡ
ۡüɫѪҺ˿ڴ̵ɫǰ˼֡
ɫѪҺϵЩ˺۲ϡ
һ̵ͥûʲô״һҿ磬Ҫڳһʱ䣬ȫѪҺҪɺɫˣǸʱҲɢȫΪһʬ
뱧վһץһöĴӵ±ץ
ž顣
ڷ˲䣬ΧİɫʧˣЩʲôµ飬ϽܵİгȥֻЩʬڶҶС磬
ߣҶСЦһйâӿһ֯ȫС
ͬʱâ֮ųһ߾ߵʬ
ҿǻô޸Լ塣ҶС˵
ͻȻ䣬ҶСɫһ䣬Ͽա


1660 
˭ҵ󷨡һͻȻеİɫڷľ
һ̣һɿֲϢѹķ齵Ϊ֮Ϣ
ͻأ䣬һӰͳҶСʮ֮⣬˳ֵ˲䣬ЩԴӷֿ·˵ָһ㡣
ٵģ׷˶ҶСʵ˫ĿԹޣǿҵķŭ
㲼õģҶС粢ûлش׷⣬Ƿһ䣬ɱȻܶԷΪҪԼô̵󷨾͸
Ҳõģҵ󷨣׼ﻮһɿգɺޣɺް׷Ƿ֮ɫĶҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ쳤𣬷·ڸ̾˵ĲǸ̾һΡ
ϣҶСܹоҲһֹµˣһɲͱǺ֮Ϸ
ǻҵһУ㣬˵Ը׷ĿɭȻĶҶС˵
ִ󷨻ͻˣڻûȫأҶСЦһһץһž޴۳·ӵص˳
顣ҶСһһ۳ɵ״·ȫ飬Ϊ˴
׷˴һʹоȻʳˮ·ʧȥеһӹ˵ϡ
ΪҪôΪʲôҪô֪ǻҵϣȸϣ׷૵Ǳˡ
ð˳жᣬʾʹޱȡ
ʲôɣôݶ󷨣ǲԵġҶС絭˵
ʲô벻ԣҸͲںֻҪܹҵȸɱֺηأ׷¶һ˿ķ
⻰ҶС粻ЩݣȸһҪΪһ˸Ȼ󷨣Ҳһˡ
ҪˣֻҪܹţҲԸκ飬±һҶС翴Ű׷˵
˶٣˵ûʲôڴͶԣֻΪǶȲͬѡ
׷ӴЦˮһֱ°̧ͣͷĶҶС磬ȻˣΪλҪҵ󷨣ΪΣΪҪҵϣ
վĽǶϽҵΪǲԵģǲӦõģվҵ˵ҵΪȷģ㲼õסңҲвѵİΣ˵ҲƵ𣿡ҶС練ʵ
˵Ҳܶԣô˵ҵϣȻˣǾΪɣ
һ仰·ǴӰ׷˺мģɱȻ
׷˻ȻվҶСһȭȭͷ̺ɽ
ҶСҲӳһȭâһƬռ䣬·Ƭռӳһȭϡ
ȭͷײһ
䡭µǧһƬɽȶһܱ䣬ÿһʥǿȫһ
׷˵κ˰֮ԶһӡҶСͬ˰ףĽӡÿһӡΧѳѷ죬֩һ㡣
׷ҲʥصΪһȭƾУϸ˵ҶС绹Ǵ·ģϾղ˺ܶһ̣սȥһġ
ɱ׷ٴγ˹ȭͷٴҳȭͷǰһӰǿȭѹЧ
һȭҶС缫ѹûʹȭͷȭΪָ˫ָ̺ſֲķâ֮
ǡҶСĽָͶԷȭͷײ˴
˵ٴε˳׷˵˫Ŷ˵棬ҶС׶˽ȥ
˫ָʹޱȣͷˣ׷ҲùԷȭͷ϶һѪ
ˣ׷Ȼһŭ֮ɫսʮ㣬·оʹҪնɱɡ
ǸӡҶС˦˦е㷢ĸ첲
ʱ׷˼ҶС
顭ϵײһ䣬ɽΧ͵ұڶһѨ
ڰ׷ܼĹУҶСһ߶һսϣÿһȭԵޱȣ·ܹɽӡ
ս˰Сʱʱ䣬ɽȶҪˣ˶˺ܶ࣬סĴ
ΪͬӰɣҶСĹȫ͵Ĺûн׷˿ǹ˼ĳЩҲûнбų
һʩչֹʽĻɽ綼ˡ
ءһҶСʮ׵ľ룬׷˺ʮף˶̲סĴŶԷ


1661 Ե
սϰٸغϣֲľ÷Բڵİɫȫʧˡ
ҶС׷˶ĵĺܴ󣬲Ҳˡ
׷˻۷ÿһÿһʽһ㣬ռ䶼սҶСһֱ̣һ֣似Ӷ̺
ս൱
һɱ㣬ɱ㡣׷˴ڵĴݺݵĶҶС磬·ҶСһ㡣
˭Ҳκβ˭ɱҡҶСҲ˵һ߻ָڵ
һɱ㡣׷Ȼ˵˵˵ţɫ¶˱ʹ֮ɫ
ͻȻ䣬Хһ̱˵ϣ˫Ŀ˵ѵ⣿ȸԶҪô뿪𣿡
ʱҶС绳е̶˶˫Ŀѹ˹ڵ֮ѾԪָȻѡ
ҶС绹ʱһžϸֳһĨΡ
ûˣ˹ҶСʵ
ûˣ㡭ȷſҡҧ˵
ҶСһЦȻſ̣һΪ㻹ûȫָ
̰ҶСһۣȻĿͶ˲Զİ׷ˣɻ֮ɫ
Ȼָһڵһٸ˵ҶС˵һ䣬׷ȥ
Ȼ֪巢ʲô飬Ǵ㷽˵ĻУѾһţ㲼ʬֻĿľΪ˸һȸˣҶСʵ
죬ȸܽеҵȸֻܽСղŻһǷİ׷ҶСĻȻŤͷݺݵĵҶСһۣ˫Ŀо
ҶСȻһЦ룬һԸˡ
㲼ʬֻ׼Ĵﵽµʬ꣬Ȼһּת󷨣Ϊ˵Ǹˣûв´ĻϿȵصһжɣҶС翴׷˵
Ҳ󷨣ˮƽӦҲ׷̧ͷĿҶС磬漴ǰ϶ˣҪȻҲƲҵ󷨡
㣬׼ȫһ׷ɱ⣬һɿµƽҶС֣·ҪҶСѹ⽴
ҶСûɢһ˿ƣ·Ϊһ㴺磬ͲӰ졣
ûжϵȻҲ֪ȸʲô˺ǹƾԶԶܹһתġҶСҡҡͷ˵
㶮ʲôȸֻܵһ㴴˶ѡ׷˺ݺݵĵҶС˵
²ֻܵһ㴴˰ɣȫȥѰҩ޸Ĵˣ÷ô󹦷󷨣תҶС翴Ű׷˵
׷˳ĬҶС˵ˡ
ûв´ĻӦһ˰ɣ˵ѾǸˣһӦǱֶǿڵģҪ֮٣ƾЩ󷨻ǲҶС΢΢һ̾˵
Ҳ󷨴ʦѵʲô취ɣ׷¶һ˿ϣ֮ɫһ˿ڴ
ڵΪܹʲô취ͻƵǸ磬а취ҶСһЦȻģҪڵ˵
ҴȥϣܹȾҲû׷˿
һᾡġҶС˵ͷ
л׷ˮ¶һ˿л⡣˵ȥ˫дһâû˵Уͬʱɢֱӽʬֻرˡ
󷨹رյ˲䣬ϿããȫʧˣЩʬ·ǱѩһڻΪһѷĩ
ԵĻʧȻˣȻǶûдﵽ£һﵽ˼£󷨳ҲǸʱڵĶѾȫɳˣһȥԻɾ޴ֺ
׷˿˿ܣȻϿһĶ͵ʯȥ
ҶС̵˵ͷʾţ˱һʯڡ
ߵʯǰʱʯ΢΢ζѳһҵŻȻҶСһơ
ҶС˵ͷ˽ȥ֮ȫ׷ˣΪϸܵϺе飬ǶǸҪȥ֮˵顣
߽ɽںһͨµͨͨ
ڰ׷˵Ĵ£ʮӺߵĿĵء
ҶСȻܹ̽Ͽ·
ͨ߳ӳһ޴Ŀռ䣬ռھȻһº
¿ռǶҹ飬өڷ裬֮⣬ϻһشصĻ䣬Ư֮
һֱԼʮҵʯ̨ʯ̨ϷһһŮӾڱϣƮ˿Ůӵò
˯ˣҪȥԡ˲ĿĿһ


1662 ΰ취
һ¿ռҶСм𾪣û뵽׷˽ռ䲼õļΪšۣӾϵܡ
ȸǰʱ򣬾˵ǽҪһܴĺǾסںСֻԧ첻ɵû뵽Ҹδ֮ǰѾֻҪ¿ռϲĵطԶϵŮӣ׷дŻ֮ɫ˵
ڿԹȥ𣿡ҶС˵
׷˵˵ͷ˵ҡ
ϣŵºԲ̨ϷȥнĹУ˶Ĺ켣һѵߡ
ҶСȻܹĳƬռҲ󷨣ޱȵɱҲΪ˱ȸŮӵİȫ
ҶСŤͷ˿̣йâӶ˶ȫһŤ׷нĹ켣һģһֺת۽ѾԲ̨ϡ
Բ̨Ͽ··Ǽת󣬽֮תΪ̼֮Ůӵ壬屣ֻԡ
ȸˣģһὫѹүܹߡ׷˳ճյĿűϵŮ˵
̣ҶС˹ȥֻһԼʮҵŮӣŮӷ·һֳĸо˸оһִ
ֲŮŮȷʵǸʸҶС
˫Ŀбųâ·ܹŮȫ͸
ȻԤеһģһŮǰӦ⵽شȻ𣬲Ȼܹ˵ĺۼ޸˹
޸ף޸ѣŮӵȱ֮ڱԴͨһ˿꣬Ůӳûˣ¾Щ񾳸Ҳûа취
׷˶Ůӳճյ˵һỰ󣬽ĿͶҶС磬¶֮ɫûʲô취ܹȸѹ
ڵϲѿǰ˺صˣҪѹѡҶСüͷ˵
ѣѣ׷ظ䣬бų⡣

ص£һۼ֮ɫվһҶСǰץסҶСļĿƵ˵ֻǺѣһ취ģԲԣһа취ȸѹġ
׷һ߼˵һҡҶС硣
лģôҡȥҹͷɢˣһᶼûˡҶСޱƵ˵
⻰׷˸ϽſҶСļһǸ˵Բ𣬶ԲҸղʵ̫ˣˣѾȴ꣬лȸѹ
ιιֻ˵ѣû˵ھһܹѹҶС粻ò͵
ڲܹѹʲôʱܹѣ׷˶ҶС˵
ȱʧ̫ˣҪʩչһžŽҵʵʱ޷ʩչǵҵΪﵽ񾳡ҶС˼һ˵
˶٣ҶС˵һ㣬ȱٵ̫ˣ¾ѹҲʧȥһּ䣬ڻʧȥټҾͲ֪ˡ
ֻҪܹѹĶνҲҶȵڻʲôȴأ׷˵е㵭˸С
仰˵󣬰׷ĿҶС磬Ǹղһʼ㶯ˣһ£ҽ顣
ҽҶС磬ǿôķϣһնɱ㡣ҶС翴Ű׷˵
ֻҪܹȸѹնɱֺηأĿճյĿŮӡ
ǰΪĴ֮һĳ鹫ӰɣʱͻȻ˵
Ŀ˿̣û뵽ˣ֪ҵţѾǹȥˣ˵Ҳգ
ȸܹٷˣٷȥʬĻԾͻ᳹ʱ򣬾ǽлҲ޼ˡҶСĿɨɨŮ˵
ʲô취ʵ
ҿȽӡУʧٶȼȥϼ߱Ѱ꺮УǧڣĻԲȫʧҶС˵
ǧꣿ츳ǧڣ϶ͻǸ硣
ãллʱһ㡣鿴ҶС˵
ҶС˵ͷ˫Ŀһɣâųһ⡣
һ˫лһɹ۳˿ߣЩ˿໥ƽ֯תۼ䣬γһŴ
ȥ
һŴ£ŮӸǣȻûڣ͸ƤԿйâ


1663 Į
ˣѾʱӡסһӡ꺮ڵĻԺʧĺҶС˫еĹâʧ˿׷˵
ллĵĸл
л֮͡ҶС絭һЦ漴룬ʵˣһ¡
ʲô飬ֻҪ֪ģԻһ˿ĸ㡣׷ĿҶС˵
֮ãû˵֮֮ˮҶСѯʵ
ֶ׷˼У˼һҡҡͷ˵û˵ȫû˵ӦʱĶɣ
ҲǴһλǰ˵ģȴһֱûѰҵõҶС΢΢һ̾˵вЩ΢΢ĵǡ
ʱĶĻӦһ֪Ϣ֪Ļ䣬û֪ˡ
˭ҶС缱æʵ
ǵۡ׷˵֣ɫΪأж¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫ
ǵۣҶСɻĿ׷ˡ
ǹǵۣԷģ֪ݣϸ˵Ѿ㲻ˣһãȰûǲҪȥڵĵطΪ졣׷Ȱ˵
ʲôطҶСʵ
ƬɽУɽϲ
ѵǴ˵ɽеƬĮ𣿡ҶСѯʵ
һ˽ȥֱӾͻữΪһѰ׹ǣ׼дˣָԼΪ
ҶС粻ǵۺ
ΪɽܹҵУһϢû뵽ûҵòһʧ
ûмǰ׼ȥ鿴һҲһΣյϢûȥȸҪչ˲ܹðա׷˵
øѾˣȰñȥˣĺΣա׷Ȱ棬Ůӱ󣬡ȥѰ꺮ˣʱ㡣
ãҶС˵ͷ
߳¿ռ󣬰׷˺ҶС𣬳תۼʧˣϿУֻʣҶС̡
׼ȥǸطգһ˫Ŀѯʵ
šҶС˵ͷֻҪһ˿ǾͲܷ
ȥ¶ᶨɫ
ãʱһʲôΣգ뿪ҶСĿ̡
˵ͷ
ҶСιâȫɲǼ䣬˷·Ϊǣؼ仮һõ⣬Ƭɽϲжȥ
ʱ䣬ҶСͿеһƬĮƬĮзԲ幫Сһ˿ĺۼûС
·ƬĮ
ĮԵľȻʢ䣬֮ǻĮɳɫӲޱȣ·𻯳һ޴ʯ
ݡâҶС̽˻ĮԵ˲鿴ŻĮе˹ĵط˲òСĽ
ʮĵطʮ˰ĳĹ켣վǷ·Ƭɭںһ𣬸Ͳ춯
ˣҲ֪Ǻ˸ǴϢһ˶ҶСڵķ˵
ʲôˣֻҪǵϢȷˣڶֲһ˵
ǵĳ죬ҪȻҲǵ㡣һΪﵽʥصĸȻ˵
仰һϽͣ
ʱҶС̸Ͳ֪Ѿסǣƫƫǻûв
Сĵ㡣ҶСһ䣬εɢ˰ȻŻĮȥ
ҶСһʮɵľǰߣͬʱ鿴ܵĲܵĮĴһɼΪΣչŹֵϢ
ѵ֪ƬĮΪ֮𣿡ɭһͷ˵⡣
ʡǳ֡
ȵȴţܹǵҲͿҪˡ
Įа֮ûһ磬еʮʪҲΪȴûڣ·Ǳµĸֳȡ֮
ǰߵĹУҶС緢߰׹ǣЩ׹ǿ·˺ܶһ㡣
һЩ׹ȫɢΪһѻĭҶСһ
ְĻΪֲΪ˸оΪ޴бΣ
Сһ㣬̫ŹˣһڳȡǵҶСͻأ˵ɫޱȡ
ҿΧһҪȻߵᱻȡܶ
ޱȣһ˸ͻƣǹĳȡ֮ҲͻƲˣָ֣Ͳá


1664 
¡¡ҶС̸ո˾ĵһľʱƬĮݺݵĲҪ޴ĵһ㡣
ҶСɫͬʱһ䣬ͣĿܡ
ĮʲôµĶҪӻĮгһ㣬ǰ֮ͻȻӲ¡𣬳һСתۼ䣬СͱΪһΡľɽ
һΡľɽȻһ޴ˡ
һһʮ¥ôߣ޴ޱȣֻҫŹâ·һڸˡ
˭Ϊӵ˶ҶС˵һ˫ӷ·ҪҶС翴͸
йϵǸǵ۰ɣһΪһˣԭҲǸͷ¶βļһְɣҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һУ˵
ƾҲҵٺ٣ֻҪܹù۳ҿԿҵķ˵ɢһ־ԶبŲɣϢһϢһǵ۵Ϣ
ΪʲôҪ򣿡ҶСЦһʵ
ٺ٣㲻òҴΪңңҪȻҲ˵ءٴ˵Ϸ·ɢǻ۵Ϣ
ҲǺѣͲ㡣ҶС綢˵
Сޣ㵱ǰ׻𣿾ǵС˭е㲻м˵
㻹ǸϹŶˣô˵ǷҪķһսˣҶС˵
ǡ¶һʶı顣
ҿʵΡ˫Ŀը̫Ҫҫ۵Ĺâ޴ޱȵĻ̌𣬺ݺݵҶС
ϣռ䶼ڲ·䶼ܹƬء
ܵǿƣҶСɫ΢΢һ䣬˫дâ̰ͬʱ˵һ䣬뿪
Ҳ֪ҶСһսչ˵ǣ뿪ܵʲô˺
˵ͷֱӺһľ룬ʱҶС粼õĹĻһͳȡ
뿪ҶС糹ûʲô˼ɣûκεĻڣ˻Ϊһ
ҶС绯ΪֱӴ˾޴Ľƴ͸
䡭
޴ıը˵һֻȫըѣ飬䣬·ǰһ㣬ܶһֶҶС
ҶСĲ̤ӰЩȫܶ
֮壿㻹Ҿȵġ˿˵ɢŹâ¶֮ɫ
ʱҶСɫ˱䣬Ϊһ˵ľ޴ָֻ
һȭҿ֮壬ʲô̶ȡ˶ҶС˵޴ȭͷ·СɽһҶС
ռ䷢˻·Ҫ˺ˣһɿµѹ£صơ
ǡ޴ȭͷûн£ڶԷȭ£ҶС˫ȥ˫Ϊһѷγɣ֩һ㡣
ˣ֧һ޴˵һֻҪͿˡҶСž⡣
һΣһӶ˿ȻѾԷôھûбҪӲӲˡ
䡭
ҶСոնܿǾ޴ȭͷ˵ϣ˲һӣĮ
սû뵽Ϊ֮صĵطȻһǿߡһŹâ·Ѿ˲֡
ҶСĻͻᷢӣǺйͻӡ
˼һ£ĿһתһΪʥ۷ĸ֣ȥô£Ҫݾߡ
ǣˡֹ˵
һˣ弫Ϊǿ׳Ĺģ̺űըԵ
һΧĿռ΢΢·һӴƬɭΪһľ˳ȥ
ಡеԱ˳ȥһӾǰһľ룬ٶȼ졣
ʯĸӦÿڹֵٶȡ
գۼ䣬ͳ˻ĮԵ
ڻĮԵʱ΢΢ͣһ£漴̧˽ȥ
һʼʱûвʲôԵ϶ƣĹĵļ⿴ɿġ
ʶԾʱ򣬷½Ƚŷ弱ϻ˿ʼ䡣
OHϵֵۡ˵һ䣬û˵꣬˼ɲǼΪһǼܡ
һĻӲһǺȻ֮ɫʧ֮أ
Ҳоһ
ܹ֮еģ˶⡣


1665 ǵ
ˣҪôһвѯʵ۵¶һĨ־塣
صȻ󻺻³·ڷйԼƵ飬ƬĮ˵ȵţٶ֡
ߣҾͲԶк޺޵¶һ˿ĺݶһ˿ļɵ
ҶСȻܹڻĮల£˵й֮˾Բܹӡ
ǵȴ֮ʣҶС֮䱬˾սûжκ似ĹΪֱӵģѹԵģÿһȭÿһж̺ϵ·ܹƬش򴩡
˵Ŀ¹ҶС粢ûǰӲӲζʱʱһ
Ĺ·£Եޱȵᣬȴֱӹ˵һ
Сļһʲô㣬ʹʹһս˺һ˵˿ŭ
ôܹƣÿһοµĹҶС˹ȥһһ㣬ϡá
ҶС˫лһĹ켣ݱΪ˸ƬռкƵؼ䣬ɻҶѩ׷ףǧ
̡ͻأ䣬Ϸ˷·ʲôɲǼ䣬ϵһһ㣬һƬһƬµ䡣
˵ʵ½ѾҶС첻κвĵز
ùĹȻֱܹӹҵ㻹Ǹˡ˶ҶС˵
һСֶζѡҶСƽ˵
СֶΡǫ飬ʸҡ˵һ䣬ɢȥΪһѻתۼ䣬˻ĮĮָֻԭӣ·ղŵһֻһξ
û°ɣѾʧ˹ѯʵ
û¡ҶСҡҡͷɻĿܡ
ʱͻأ䣬䣬Įݺݵȸղŵ𶯷ȴöࡣ
ѳһڵѷ죬ѷ콥תۼѾʮ׿ˡ
ݡɻ۳ɵڵѷгһӾͲϣһɾ޴֮ӿ
ɲǼͱɫѷУҶСҲӦʱ׶Էսûʹȫ
ҶСʧ󣬻Įڵѷϣ·ʲô鶼ûз
ô£Įôû˶ӶŻĮ
òѾ˰ɣһС˵Լ˵ϣӵĲ졣
ӳĬһȻҲ뵽ǸѾˣȻе㲻׼ȴƬ̣ȴһʱ󣬻ͻ᳷롣
һתҶСǹ඼ǺڰܹҹҲʲô
Ҳ֪˶ʱ䣬ͻأ䣬ǰһ˳һ޴ĴڣΪһ޴Ŀռ䡣
ĸϸһɫӣϿ̻ķޣ׻ȸ䡣
Եùޱȣп·Щ·нɫʡ
һУҶС˶ˣһޱȵĸолڻص
ɫҶСѾǵһμˣҶС֪˽ɫ񾳸ֵɫ˵Ļ񾳸ֽˡ
ô˰ɣͻȻ䣬һĴУ˵
һаŲɣԶϢһ֪˵Ǹ˴˺ܳʱ䡣
ѰҶСѰҵ˵ˣˣҶСһסˡ
˵ˣ˵һ߹Ǽܡ
ûһ߹Ǽܣһ߽ɫĹǼܣ̺ſµҶСŵǹƬɽܹȫӵͼĨȥ
ڴ룬֫инɫЩһûգ֪ͨη
ҶС˫΢΢һУҪɫĽṹȻ䣬ҰУǽɫȻǿҵĹâ˫ĿʹϽ˫Ŀ
ҪĻ鿴Щɫˣ񾳸ֵ͹˿۳һ߹Ǽܿ˵нɫĻ
ԭı壬ֲ㲻ԭǱǹǵ۰ɣҶС翴һ߹Ǽ˵
ܹнɫϵĴһ߹ǼڳȡȻδ֪ĵط
ߡǵһ
СޣûûСģҵˡǵۺ˵˵Լ·һԺС
ҵȣҵȲŲᱻҶСĵ˵
˼ˣȣŲôã


1666 رʽ
ƨΪͨ죬Ǽ⣬˭ܹסңһȺ޳ܣֻ֪ıƵС˶ѡǵ۴һΪӣռӿ
һŭƱãʵĪ⡣
ԭǱݺŷġҶСŹâ˵
ҶС⻰ǵǸնУɫâųСӣ㾹ȻҵĻûмô֪ߵغˡ
ҶСĳǵ۸ûһͣ˵˵ھԵʵǰһıƲֽϻ˵ʵǿ󡣡
ߣһȺʵˣܹӵ𣿡ǵʵ
ӲˡҶСЦЦ˵漴еʵôӣ
ߣΪӣΪǵۣΪҺķʽͬһΪ;̲ѪУһΪ;ڹͷУΪǲĹؼѪ⣬пޣֻҪԸ⣬ʱѪǵһȻ֮˵
ΪˣһͷǿޱȣȻҰˣǣ޷նɱ˲ŽԹ֮ϵļȡҹͷַ̺ʽĥңٺ٣ʧˣһǿĹԸЩĳȡ
ֲӣԭ㽫ЩĳȡתƵƬϡҶСȻ
㻹ǵƳһҶС˵
ȻˣΪβ취ȥҶСɻʵ
ӣôӣһΪʣ޼ˣûԿЩ
㽫ǴΪˣҶСʵ
ߣȻˣҪȻΪ˿ҵЦɣǵȻһЦ˵
漴ͣȻֿתƳȡ֮Ĺǵûһ˿ʱЩֻῪʼȡϵ¹˶೤ʱ䣬ҾͻᱻɣΪһѻҽʵǱҲܴܹں̵ܶʱΪﵽǸ磬Ҳ԰նЩҪһЩֵҵ˼
ףЩֵӻʱ䣬ΪҪ㣿ҶС翴Źǵ˵
СӣҶ˵ĻʵҪɱ㣬練ƣ㲻˵Ļȥһɱ㡣ǵϿֲƱҶС֡
ҶСоϳޱȣ·һɽѹһ㣬˵ɫò԰ޱȣܹܵõǵĶɱ
ߣһѵҪԹԵҵĻȥҾԲΪ㣬෴Ըһôǵһһо֮еӣ·ԶҶС硣
㲻Ҷ֣һ㶯֣ȡٶȻ졣ҶСž˵
ǵ۳Ĭнɫ治·ҪʶҶСһ㣬þãŻ˵ҪĶ࣬ҹǵۻǵһһСǰ·磬˵ɣʲôſϰҡ
ʵҲûʲôʱˣӦ֪һЩ˲֪ĶֻһЩѡҶС˵
ʶˣؼ䣬ûܹҹǵ֪ࡣǵ۴Цһ˵ΪҶСʲôû뵽һЩѣǡΪóġ
񡢹Ҳ֪Ķ٣ҶСѯʵ
ǣһ˶ѣǺѾˣȻû֪Ķࡣǵ۵¶һ˿Ĳм·ûнǷ
ҶСһѵǵ۱ǶҪɣҶС뵽
ǶûȻϡҶС絭˵
Ѿܵصı仯ˣʱĻԻҪˡǵ΢΢һ̾˵
ǵĸûаľȣҶСʵ
ʲô񾳸ֶͨ죬Ǹûк֣ʧһʱѣȻҲкܶǳ׵ʧˡǵ۵˵ĿͶҶС磬Сӣ㵽Ҫ֪ʲô
֪ʱе顣ҶС綢Źǵ˵һαʷеΪ棬֪Ǹ׷ʲô飬ش䡣
ڻ֪飬Ҳ˵ɣǵ˵
ҶСܹоɢһ˿ɵиǺʲôѰڣȻܹտڲǸʱ顣
ȻҾͻ⣬Ӧ֮֮ˮ;֮ɣɲɸֶʲôطҶСʵ
ʱϡ֮Ϊһ֮޹⣬Ѫǧû뵽㾹ȻҪЩǵۺĿҶС˵


1667 ϮɱҶС
Ѿǳˣò˶೤ʱͻͻƣֶΪĻȰûǲҪҪĸҪﵽߵľ磬һһӡǰߣаͶȡɣҪȻԺķչܲáǵĳ˵
ȻܹҶСʾѣԺܹﵽʲô磬˭Ҳ޷Ԥ⣬ˣòҪЩΪ
ҲΪģˣҪҩҶСһ䡣
˵ֶֻ֪֮ʲôطҾͲ֪ˣ֮ģֻǵԶԶûг죬ǲ֪ڲǵ˵
֪ʲôطҶСбų⡣
ҹǵѵƭ㲻ɣеĹǵɫԱų·ܹ͸˵ĺΪץʮʥصĸԻ㡣
ãһʱ䣬ϣسŵҶСһڴӦ
ԺҪնϹңôƭ㣬ˣ˵ˣȥǵ۵Ļո˵꣬ҶС͸оһתһǿûж೤ʱ䣬³˻ĮС
СŮѾƬ̰ɣ㣬Ҳ˺ģ෴һһЩôҶСո׼ѯʹǵΪν̿ǵ۵
ˡҶС˵һչξŻĮ֮ɱȥ
񣬹ǵ۵ΪԶԶԴһ취ûУֻܹչǵ۵ĻȥȻҲΪ֪֮Ϣ
üбռˣҶС׼ȥǼץǿ߹
׼ãѾˣԲܹܵ¶ݶ֮ɫ
û뵽㾹ȻܹųһҪעǵĵط
ǸŮӾȻûڣ붼ѾΪһѰ׹ˣǿϧˡ
һȺֶΣټ·ΪľҶСҲûв
ǿҶСոմӻĮзɳһս׼ֻҪһ£Ի˲֡
ʮʮ幫ҶСľ롣
ɱһȣȳ֣һգֱҶСüģٶȼ죬˷ʤ
ǰеҶСͻȻܵΣյϢžͲһɱӿ֡
áҶСɫһ䣬
ʱһѾ˾ʮ֮ĵطͬʱֻ޴ƣܻգֱӷⷽգ˸޷Խռߡ
⻹кܶµĹųγ״ԶԷıѾõϮɱҶС޷㡣
˫Ŀâ֮ųǰĿռֹϱŷ˳ߵĺ⣬˻Ϊһα
ơҶСһ˫Ŀź⣬һ£һεĻȡ
䡭
һµܱ䣬γһɹ籩ľգ˲䱻ֲ˺ѳƬ¡
ѷ֣Ƭն·Ҫˡ
顭һӰеɶЩ˶ΪȽġ
ءءƺмըڴ
еʧ¶ʮӰ
ĸλϣʥصĸְȻվĮɱ⣬˶Ϊﵽʥصĸ֣ǵɫһ˿˿Ĳ԰ס
Щ˶ĿͶһӰһӰҶС硣
ʱɫ԰ףһĨѪϰɫĳ϶˺üѪۡ
ʥصĸ֡ʮʥ۷ĸ֡ʥظ֣һʮΧ֮壬â֮иռ䣬Ȼܵˡ
㡣ҶС罫ĿͶӣɭĹâĿ·ڵħ۾ֱӴ͸˵飬¿ֲӡ
ҶСһ΢΢оȻһɾ壬˿ֺӲʱ䣬ʮ㡣
û뵽ɣȷʵңرҵĶûк³Цһ˵
һǾ仰쵰޳ܣҾͲûе㣿ĺ׳־ȥˣ¼壬㶼ˡҶСֱڿ
ҶСĻɫѿޱȣӢӶҪŤһţб֣
ҶСҲ£һӻˣȷʵһ裬澹ȻһֻδҰŮˡ
ЩſޱȵЦ·ȻߣҪȻĸ׳Ѿūˡ


1668 Χ
ҶСĻ·ٴо裬ɫкɭɭ
һһһŵĽݰι⡣ɫĶҶСһһֵ˵
֣֡жǿҵɱ
ӵĻո£ĵֲƴĸλϵʥظϱųǽҶС֣ͬʱƬռ䣬ҶСܡ
ֻ޴ȭͷͬʱȭӿ·Ǿκˣƥ
ȭأŷϵΰռڲǽҪء
Ҳ̳֣־ѧе˶ôǧ˻Ϊϻ𺣣ȼ
ɫĹâųϣÿһâж̺Ե·ܹ£ɽӡ
ҶСͷ۵ʥصǿߣϵļΪĬķסҶС磬·һһ㡣
˿µĹҶСû˿ĻţβǸղţղŶԷ͵ϮһֲӦ
ҶСͦ·ķᱮ䣬սڣƬռ䡣
һ·ħִҶСбųֱӹÿڵ֮ΪµĹ
ءΧʥصĸȫըѪ£Ҳ飬Ĳˡ
ۡʥصĸֶһѪɫ԰ޱȡ
صĸɫ˱䣬΢΢԰һ˿ˡ
ҶС·һӰһ㣬ϵ㣬˵ĹҶС˹ȥ
ʲôȻ˿£˷ʤһʥصĺ˶ҶС˵·ҪҶС翴͸ǣô͸
Լĸʧ˺ܶ࣬һۣͬʱǾ֣ҶСʩչ̫ˣǸ޷赲
ɱһ˴һһбҶС˹۳ĿȻѹγһ״
һָɽһһָָƽ棬ǣһָӿ·ǲعƬռʱ·ǱΪһ̲ףƶٶȡ
ķӡɱʥصĸͬʱһ˫ֿ󶯳˼ӡ£γһöͼӡ
öͼӡУ̺һɺƴΰ˿ڽ֯·һöͼӡܹƬռ顣
˵ʥظ֣һԼΪ޴ΪľѧҪҶС
սУһΪ˱סǵǲòƴҶСղֹĹǼ£ҶС䣬һҶСʹֹʽôǵˡ
ǲ֪ҶСʩչ͵ĹΪķѾ񣬴ʱʩչһѾˣٶʩչĻЧ϶ղţԼĺܶ࣬òʧ
һâ͸գֻҶС֡
һŭɽХ
ϲ໹
á
޽
ͬ

ҶСȣңõ˼£ŶԷĹͬʱһһֵ
˫ֲϵлһعĺۼǴԼӡۡ
һɹҶС˫ּɢǺˮеǰ㣬һȦһȦɢ
ĴͼӡأҶСķΧԽԽСٶȺܿ죬ʱĲȡʩ˴Ĺûа취㣬˵ö붼ˡ
ʱҶС䣬Ũҵ֮·ܹ֮͸һеһС
ʱ֮ϻ׷ףÿһƬ꿴Ʋϼǣȴ̺żΪֲɱ
ܼĻЩײһһӱ˳
䡭һ˿ûйɵʥ֮µĸֲֿ֣пֱӻữΪ촷ۡ
ȻҶСȻվ·ͲںЩ
һƾմǴޱȣ
Ƭأ˵ľһ㱣·ҪԶУѡ
ɾٻҲĿʼ
쳹裬ع֯γһƬֵɾǵļ£̲סȥ׷ѰڵγɣЩڵ㽥ͬǻǶţڵΪһشصĺЩΧкɫĻȼա
׷ɵĻ꣬ĺ·ʲô赲һ㣬׷ûΧڣǵ˫Ŀгһ˿ã֮ɫֵµĹԭԽˣʥصĸҲһöͼӡҶСѹٶһ
Ǵһ㣬ýһĸ
ʩչ˸ִ͵ĹҶСҲеԲɫܲ԰ףĿȻ񣬳˻·ûʲôֹܹ
ɱҶС磬˫Ŀͨ죬ɱȻյýΪΪߣ໥໥ٽŷϵܡ
˾ȵǽӹĶ󲢲ҶС磬ˡ
˷·ҲĳУеûһ˿ĴûгҶСϴĹ
ۡһֻ첲ͻأ𣬴һѪ
ۡһԴѪȪ
Ҳ̶ͬȵˣܵ˶Ƚᣬûȱ첲ȣֱȱϵ㲿
ǿҵʹʹǴϵ״̬ѣĿָյʥظֿһĻʱһӶˣĿ¶˲˼֮ɫ·Ŵʱ۾Ķģһ˿ɻ󣬲֪Ϊλᷢ˹顣


1669 ֶ
Ȼ۵׵ɻûг೤ʱ䣬ɲǼ˹ҶСʹĹơ
ͬʱſڣҪˣͻأ䣬ɫǺޱȡ
ۡһѪһɢǵԽԽҰת۾ûһ˿ĹʣҲûκεԣǵѾ׵ıݻˡ
߿տȥĹУʧȥ彥ڣʧͷûˣĿֲ
˶УҶСǹһ˿Ļȣƴһâ֮Ϊ˰ԲΣնգʥصĸ֣ʥصĸնȥ
ۿе˶ҪҶС绮һâ֮۶ϣʥͻȻʧûκε׷·ֻһӰӣδֹ
áҶСɫ䣬μˣСս˺ܶεսо޴Σա
ȻѾ˿ǳˣöûȫͼӡһӳҶСǰݺҶСϡ
µĻŷ
ۡҶСһڳѪݺݵбȥ
䡣޴ޱȵһɽҡضһĢƴƬɽڶ𣬲һĢȴǱɫġ
ľҶɵ
ʥǿҲܣɫ԰ֽѪ仹ܹѪҺпϸСƬ
˻꣬ǵ궼ܵһĴˡ
ӺʥصĸֻںҴ򶷣һֻɫʥظִһǵ·ܹ˵ꡣ
ۡӺʥصĸ֣Ƿ¶һ˿ã漴һǵɫҰܣȻǺޱȣͬʱһѪɫٶȱòҰޱȣҡҡλΣ·Ҫе¡
ҶС⹥ô׳ܵģһ˺صˣʱǼɥʧսսҲӲʵˡ
Ƭɽг䶨֮ʱԲ幫ڣеľȫʧΪ˷ĩһƬ̣һɫ̺
һƬ޴ĵ̺һڵ㣬ڵǸѨһڵѷѨӣ·֩һ㡣
ҶСʱӽĿͶʥظʵ
һɽڡһʥظ˵
ûУӶǸѨһȻʵ
֪ҸܲκεϢһɸоûʥظּ͵󣬾ͳĬضǸѨ
ߣһǲҲˣҲˣٺ٣ղҾ˵Ҫһһŵİι⣬˵ĻҪʵˡɭһЦǸҰޱȵ˵Ĺ졣
ĻԶʵֲˡӵĻո£һ쳹գԣ˵仰ĳҶС⣬ûбˡ
ݡһӰǸĺڶзɳȻվǰ
ʱҶСǱޱȣ΢ͷģմҶϵİɫ䣬׵ʧˣϳһ˿ڣƤⶼ˳ңⲻⲿڲüͷˣŵĲ֣ѾȥͲ
˺صˣսսûȫʧ
ǡɽôһԽԽ¡һ죬ҶСղɽһˣɽ½˶ٶ׵ĸ߶ȡ
һС㣬û뵽ôصˣܹǸȻķĹźâ˵ɫøΪˡ
һת˵Ҳ͵˽ɣΪķĹ
¶˺ݶ֮ɫ
ߣ˵ΪǵķĹҶС˵ȻĿͶʥصĸ֣ʥظֹȻһ㣬־ᶨ׾ʹ״̬˹
ʱҶСѾ˹ʵʥصĸѾ˹ǣȻװһûѹӣû׼ɱҶС硣
Щһĸ֣ҶСľҲǲḻҪȻԲǽƾͼ͵ϮĻᡣ
ϧûлɱ㡣ֻɫʥظ˵
ٺ٣ҵӲЩԵع򶼲ԸҡҶСһЦ
ʱȻΪңǣȻֱվ䣬ǳ棬һµս⣬һɲ䲻ս⡣
һֱ壬дļ֣·ΪһõķᱮԶҪôվȥ
ǿҶСǻѾҪȫȥ±˶ΪҶСûˣΪɣɲţκʱ򶼷ǳš
ߣҿͱӲҾͲܹŵʲôʱ򡣡˫Ŀбų˵
ţ۾úÿҾǸʱ򡣡ҶСĿ⵭Į·Ͳӷ
֣ҷȲҪȥȡҧ޺޵˵
ʥصǿתٴνҶСΧУһɹɿµƵٴνҶС֡
ʱʥǿͻȻɫһ䣬ļΪѿǷ·𶼲ʲôһ㡣
ҸղѾ˵ˣԲǸʱ򡣡ʥظɫ仯֮ǰͻأ䣬ԾȻҶСӰҶСĻڽӶ𣬷·Ǵħ
¶˾֮ɫĺë
Ӽһ˵Ŀ־壬·𻹲ԼһĻ
ɣҶС˵һĳӽӵԴȥ
ءӵԹӾǱ飬ҲһҶСնˣ׵


1670 ͻ1
ҶСһ֮£Դըѣɢʥصĸɫѿޱȡ
ƭҶСһΣҶСһҲƭǣһʼֵҶС粻һ۵ѣҶСǱա
ȻҶСһǱӺ۳һģһΪҡ
ĿɱҶС磬ӦӵҪնɱҶС磬ҶСûնɱӷȱնɱˣǻȥ󣬸ûӵĸ׽
һʱ䣬һɷ¶޲ֱӽҶСˡ
һʥظֺҶСһһ˵·Ұһĵͺ
Ǳ׼նɱҵģڲǷѡҶСЦһкöâ֮ٱų
ۡЩʥصĸȫҶСķķâ֮üġ
üͥλãͥŦλñĲܹˡ
ǵΪʥضѣ廹ûĽϣûдﵽֻҪ٣Ͳ߾硣
Ѿ˵ҶСּ̧䣬նɱЩʥصĸ֣ʥصĸɫѿˡ
ɱ
ɱ

ÿ˿бųôһ֣ҲѾˣȻݣ·Զᵹһ㡣
һ˫ֽ滮һʮʹ˹Ƭռһӱֳĸ֣Ϊ¡
һˣȭգۣһֻĥ̻Ҫȭͷݺݵĺ˹ȭͷ·һŻ֮
һȭرɫ޹⣬ͨʷӣʱͨ˺ɽӡ
һˣӡµӡУ·̺һֻ޴Ļͷ۶ǳĺ롢ɼʵһ㡣
𡣡һֻͷһأܹ˵ɢֶ֮صɢ·ٻޡ
һˣ˵һֻ̧𣬶ʱ䣬һ籩γɣһֻ޴ĽƴҪҶСݺݲڽŵ£ȳ
ѾˣսȻΪǿǷ·ƴһĹ
ҶС֣ߵѪһ£˿µĹ£ȻȻվɽһȻ
ռҡҶСһ˫һɨĸ֣˫лֱӴع
ع𶯣Ƭռ䶼ھҵŤռλһӱûһȪͻȻˡ
ռʱ۵ʱ޹ɿԣʮͿ¹ɽӣصһȭʵĻͷ޴ĽƣҵĿռһƳˡ
ءͷһ˲ʧ·ûгֹһ㡣
ۡڻҵĿռУʥصĸڴһѪΪҡ
ҶСҲܣ֮ǿʩչִģĿֲܵһķɣѪӿ
ʥصĸվһǽضҶС磬¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫʱᵽҶСǿ
ǶҶС绹еСһôΪĵӢô˿أͨˣȻԷСǶ׷ȴǿޱȣֲľʮֵļᶨ
û뵽㻹ӵ˵Ŀµսʧˣ´Σһնɱ㡣Ѿʥصĸߺ󣬶ҶС˵
ߡ˵һ䣬Ȼͺ׼뿪
ȻҶСѾˣ֪նɱҶСˣսȥΣأŪãǶҪ䣬ֻ÷ϾǵҲͦصġ
ߣߵ˵սս˵ͣͣҶС統ʲôˡҶСӰһᵵǰ˵
ҶСĻɫһ䣬ܲÿ
ҶС磬㲻Ҫ̫Ӧ֪սȥǶҪһʥظֽĶҶС˵
Ҳ̫߿Լ˰ɣҪҡҶС˵
ϵƿʼȻˣȴ˿ֿµˣ·Ǻһ㡣
ӣǸӣʱȻҪսղ˵ʥؾĸĿ¶һ˿ľ֮ɫ
Ҳһ·ʤʱƾԲܹҲҪ˱ܵҪȻ϶ʧܡ
һ̬ӹ״̬תΪ˷أǿɲҶСѾ˺ܳʱˣ˵ԼļΪҪˣðյʱǶ׵ȥðա
˵ӣҶС¶һ˿Ц
ʱݣת˲ǧꡣҶС˫вϻһĪĹ켣ֹ켣·ܹжʱ䣬ı
ʩչֹڵƼأеѪǣҶС·ûвһ㣬˫Ȼл
Ѿ÷׼ʥ֣ͻȻ䣬о˾޴Σ
ֹֹһʥصĸͻȻһǽ֮ɫ
˲䶼ҶСΪΪѸٵĹ
ȻǳˣҶС紥عһ£Ȼɢ


1671 ͻ2
һ·Ƿָʱ˿ռ䣬ҶСΪĵһƬռȫ֡
Ƭռ·ȫռ˳ȥԳһƬСռ䡣
ʥصĸּ˲˥ϣͷҲ˰ɫڴʧ
Ƭ̺ʧˡ
ۡҶСһѪģվȣе¡
ʱʥǿߣ·ǧһ㣬״̬һӱΪ״̬񲻼ѣڵĴġ
˲ΡΡ˫֣ǿԼݺݵĶ˶ʧôΪʲô
ҲҪҵģԶɻ
˷·ʧķһ㣬ϵĺУɳƶϣ·ʱҪײˡ
ݡĵ΢ķâ֮ųܺ΢Ǵ͸Ȼôǿ
ۡʥصĸ֣һӾͱԴѪ졣
ʥһҶСصһ彵£һþվڴڵĴ
Ѿˣʩչ˿µĹ˷ģԼƸˡ
ʱҶСһ붯ֻϢһ˯һ
ž˵ϣ׼ˡ
žžžһɭ˷
ոպ˫ĿеҶС˫ĿЩȻ˫Ŀ±ŷ˺⡣
ಡʮӰҶС˳
ˣҶСг˾֮ɫЩ˶ǺħѪӰĸ֣ÿ˶ӵʥصΪ
ЩУһҶС缫ΪϤˣǸ˾ǼκҶСԻĺħ׿գһʱ䲻ѾʥأϵϢոչʥسڵΪ
ʣǾʣû뵽㾹ȻսڶԷ͵Ϯ£㻹ܹΪʤЩȫնɱǺħжûˡ׿һһ˵Ϲһ˿Цݡ
·ҶСĲ״ͺܸһ㡣
㲻ʲôʵģҲΪ˻ѡҶС絭˵Ŀһɨ˿ʮ֣¶һ˿֮ɫΪ˶Ը˵ˣ徹ȻⰡ
û취ԸǱ޴ˣǲòСĽ׿տҶС˵ǰ˵ҳ綼Ҫҵġɷˣ
ٺ٣ΪʲôҪҪġȿǸûСҶС˵ͬʱԴת˼һϵķ
ҶС磬ʱ㻹˵󻰲ɣ㿴ʲôӣһĴӢ治֪Ǹȵ񣬿ǵӢ۳ҽ֮ʱʲôĸ룬Ѿһֶֻ׿ճЦһдһ˿Ĳм˵
Ծ֪ˡҶСȻ˵
ͻӲ뽫ųס˵׿һĨɱ
ʱҶСһҵӣ;ޱȵĳ죬ֱԼΪǳʲôɹζΪ졣
ǰεĽУǴ·磬кܲһҪһһҶС磬û뵽ԼԸڿʵˣôܹˡ
ҶС磬ڸһĻᣬңҵūһŻŸôһᣬҪˣֱӾͻնɱ׿ŹâҶС˵
ʱҲ֪ҶСѡҶС״̬ʮ⣬ܹóвľ£ҶСѡأڴ
׿գǵЩɣʱһѪӰĸֳʵ
ѪӰַ·һ㣬֣ɢ
ѪӰȻܹҶС糼ںħ壬ҶСǶ˵ֻҪҶСڣѵǿĶ顣
һҶС糼˺ħ壬ħʵƱػԸ⿴ġ
ʲôģ֪ͨǺħ壬ҶСټ˵ֻҪǳ֣ҶСǴãôѵ뷴ڲɣ׿˵
ֻ˵ҶСġû˵ҶС糼㡣ѪӰּ˵
ߣûʲôϵ˸ǺħϢҲĴ治죬Ϊɵӣʲô֪ҪȻǡҶСˣЩ˺ܶ඼ҪѪӰһЩˣͿö֮ռǺħֵ壬˵Ķ𣿡׿ճĿһѪӰ˵
ѪӰɫһ䣬Ȼ׿˵ˡ
һ仰㳼׿ŤͷҶСʵһɿµҶС֣·ֻҪҶС粻ͬ⣬ͻӭ籩һҹ
ҶСװһԥӣ˵ʮӵʱ䣬Һú롣
Ѿ˺ħѪӰìܣֻܹʱ䣬취ѪӰͺħ
ʮӵʱ䣬Ҳԣ͸ʮӣʮӺûпǺãôҵġɣ׿˵к
ҶСѾˣʮӵʱ䣬͸ı䲻ʲô˷ĵĸҶСʮӡ
һ£ʱһ˲䣬ܹıһĽ˵ʮӵʱˡ


1672 ƣ
׿մӦҶС簵һʮһЩҲ㹻ˣɫΧ֮
һƬɽǻľҰ޷ݣķ룬Ƕܹɢһ֮
ҶС糩ޱȵЩ޸ԼһЩҪٺ;
˵Ͳķ룬һּΪЩ˸͸ܲҶСպ˫ĿΧֻһ˿˿΢ǶΪҶСھᣬ˼⡣
ֻҪ˵ʮˣһСʱкηأȻʱԽԽãʲôʡ
ҶСھЩ֮ͻȻ䣬һҶС
ҶС磬ʮӵʱѾˣûУ
׿յĶҶС磬ڴͬʱղź׿նײѪӰҲĶҶС硣
ϵʱҶСжʱ⣬˵ϣӦһ£ĵʱҾԲ֣Ͼǹȵˡ
ҶСĻ׿пĵЦˣҪȻܹףµ˵ͷԣϾҲҲһĸ顣
ллȻˣҾʹ𡭡ҶС仰˵üһһֵ˵ȥġ
Ļո˵һ룬ѪӰֺȻ֣һµѪɫâҶС˹ޱߡ
ˡռ䶼ڲ˻һޱȣҶС磬ҶСҪɥȪˡ
׿˫ĿбųڵĹâзһֲɫһɫ۳һ̻Ź·Ķ
ƾǴ͸һ㣬һҶСǰֵסѪӰֵĹ
䡭
Ѫɫâײ˶ϣ˿µµĳӣΧĿռ䶼γһϸ΢Ŀռѷ졣
ۡҶСһѪݺݵĵ˳ȥ˭ҲûпҶС絹ɳȥ˲䣬Ѫ¶һ˿΢Ц
ʲô˼׿ϴŷŭ֮ɫѪӰʵ
ʱ׿պҶСѾӦͶû뵽ѪӰ־Ȼҳ֣ⲻǱԼ
ȻҲɵӣȻ׶Էôǲ뿴Ǻħǿ󣬲ʳôһ仰ҲǲͶԷͻ
ҵʩչʲôıƣоֽŽϳΪΪһˡѪӰɫƽ˵
⻰׿жǲŵΪֹҪϵҶС磬ǼֱɱҶС硣
Ѿˣܹʲôıƣǣҿϲɣ׿˵
ʱѪӰͺħĸֶһĿŶԷ·ֻҪԷʲôԾĵطǶĳִ
Ȼ䣬׿պѪӰֵɫһ䣬ѿޱȣǵ˲ʧ˶סˣ漴鿴һºɫҲһ䣬ʧ·ûгֹһ㣬ֻмʮѾΪ˷ĩĴϿ﷢һжġ
ԭҶСŸղǹѸٵŻĮķɱȥֻҪ˻ĮͿ԰ȫˡ
ղŵһж֮ڣһʼ˵ҶСжϳѪӰЩ־ԲԼͶħ塣
һԼ˾ǿ϶֣ҶСһʼ˵ЩԼԲ֮ĻΪѪӰ⣬ó֡
ȻҲ֪׿տ϶ЩУ׿ȻΪԼѾӦˣѪӰֳ֣ȻأҪľȻҵĻᡣ
еƣжĲ˼ҺãӮˣһԤƣҲû뵽ǹɱײɣȥĮķ
ʱҶСѾٶõ˼£ؽϵ
Ѿ׷ˣҪ㣬һҪ졣ҶСнŵ
һڶԷ׷֮ǰ˻Įˡ
׿պѪӰɫʮѿ׿һǰУһŭƲһѪӰ֣ѾѪӰ֡
ΪѪӰֳ֣ҶСҲܡ
ѪӰҲܲˬΪ׿ոҶСʱ䣬ֱնɱˣҲô
˶֪ԼҶСƵġ
һסһס
ݡҶСڵƬĮ֮ϣû˼ͣȻǰȥҲ֪ǹҪЩʥصĸȡҲҪһʱ䡣
ҶСĮ˲䣬׿պѪӰ־ҶСжǧˡ
ʱѪӰִһ죬һֻ޴ѪӰ۶ɣҶСץ˹ȥ
һֻ޴Ѫɫ̺ſµ·һץضѡ


1673 ȫ
ĮУǰеҶСͷһһɼΣյϢظоһɾΣ
ãǳˡҶСɫ䣬룬ͬʱŹǵܹ֡
һƬĮǹǵֵķΧֻҪ˻Įǵ۾ܹоõ
ۿҶСҪѪӰץУ׿Цһкɫâ۳һĳ
һն˹ȥնգѪӰ۳һֻ޴һӱնˡ
ʲôѵͲ𣿡۾ҪҶСնɱˣ׿ͻأ֣ѪӰֶʱɫѿޱȡ
ܣܹܵȥѵûпٶԽԽصƣ϶ܲ˶Զ׿һ֮ɫ˵гޱȡ
ղŶԷ˼뷨ȻҶС֣ļƻȻöԷùȻ赲ѪӰֵĹǽ׷ҶСķϡ
㡭ѪӰһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôĺãܹܲ˵֪ǰƬĮܹ졣
ǶǲŵͲ˽⣬ҪȻϢѪӰҲ֪ƬĮйŹ֡
˻ĮԵѪӰ΢΢ͣһ£ǵ׿պ÷˽ȥһҧҲ˽ȥ
ʵҲܹʲôŹ֣ϾԼΪѾﵽʥصĸ磬Լʵĵġ
ֿ˶ǰɱҲû˿ԥһͷ˽ȥǲ֪ȥĵطĻĮ֪Ļǿ϶ͣ
ԽĮķУռеѹԽ޴ҶС粻ֻǰǰɱ
׿պѪӰ־ҶСҲԽԽˣ˿ûвԼȡš
ҶС磬ˣͣҵ޶ȵģ㻹ͣͱҲ׿׷ϵĶе㲻ͷ˵
ȥ˺ԶҶСװףûᣬȻǰɱţ֪һʱ䣬Խ
׿յĺѪӰ¶һ˿Цĵڽ˰ɣ
ͬʱƳһۣ뿴׿ѿɫһѪӰִ󾪣¶˲֮ɫ
·оѪӰֵͱı任׿΢΢һüͷʵôˣôһ飿
㡭ѪӰֲ˵·˼Ϊµһ㡣
ҵҵôˣ׿һɻ֮ɫ漴ɫ䣬ڷ˲ԾԼϾȻ˫Ҳһֲޱȣ·һλũ
ô£ô£Ӱ·ҲģһЩ׿վһ漴뵽ʲôһ㣬ѪӰ˵һ䡣
ѪӰɫһ䣬漴·Ƿʲôһ㣬еģ¶˿־֮ɫ
һƬĮ̫ˣڵʧ
׿һϽ鿴ʱҲ˳ڵҲʧ
ֲԼôҶС֮ľԽԽԶΪҶСٶˣڿԼٶȽ
̫ŹˣϽߡ׿ǲ֮ɫĿһۻǰɱҶС磬ϵ˵һ䣬תŻĮ֮ɱȥ
ѪӰҲһ
ʱںȻǰɱЩֶûвԼı仯ǿ׿պѪӰͻȻתһ㶡
ǿ׿յʱһ¶ɻ֮ɫ⵽ôһ¡
Ͽ뿪ƬĮйŹܹȡڵ׿մһˡ
׿յĻǶͣһ鿴Լʱ䣬ɫ䣬ϽŻĮɱȥ
ƬĮصһռУһڣǵеĽɫǿҵţһû뵽Сӵĵô࣬ȻôҪնɱҲãʮʥصĸҳһʱ䡣
Ļ£ĮУ޾Ļ·ǾһȥѪӰͺħЩ˶
ɲǼ䣬Щֶͣڵϵʧ׿һͷڷȻѾȫ˰ɫ˫ѾΪƤëͷЩ겻֡
ġ׿հһںɫ£۳һݺݵն˲ǵĻ
ɫҲһ㣬ͨҪЩľʱôȥǶҪˡ
ϡһһײ𣬺ɫײ˽֮ð˼𻨡
һĻ׿ɫ䣬ǰȻܹնϻĲƣڵʧȥ˺ܶ࣬ʵ󽵣ڸնϡ
Ȼֹ׿գҲһһɫ׷׶ˡ
ˣˡÿжôš
ȳ룬һǾ֮ɫ
ʲôϽſǣòȻǺħѪӰһŹ㡣׿ղʵĽɳƣ·û
£ݱˣ׷ҲһСһСĵ䣬ҲһѪӰЩֵӰģˡ
ʱѪӰֱʧˣħЩȫһѹǼܡ
ҶСڵϻָûʲôطȻĮӰȫ
СӣοҾһҲ㣬Ҫ㣬Ҳܹһӵõ˶ʮʥظֵҹǵ˵㻰ƺ˺Ի֮Ϣǵ۵ͻȻҶС
ллҶСм˵һ˫Ŀ


1674 ֮
û˿ۼĻĮУҶСȶ·Ϊһһ֮ȫӿҶСȫͷγһ޴©ǿֲҶСڹ䣬쫷硣
ЩҶСڣ޸ҶС˵壬ϸϵķѣѾ˵ϸȫųϣͷ·ڽһ̥ǵı仯
Сӣ治򵥣һˣôı仯治֪Ժܹߵһǵнɫų
ʮʱһζʱڣҶСȻƣͱϵı仯
׿պѪӰֶǼҪԱǺȻʧ٣дʥظʧ٣һ¾˺ħѪӰĸ߲㡣
Ͼһʥصĸ̫ˣУʥǿ߾ΪˣûйǶ붼ˡ
Ϊβ£ѪӰͺħ嶼ɳ˸ֲ鿴ǲ鵽ƬĮʱɳ˼ֽǼǵҰбΪһ߹ǼʱЩ˶һ·ʲôܿ־һ㡣
ڻĮȴ˰ʱ䣬ȻȥƬĻĮҲûʲô취
׿ʧһ£ǶѾ˵϶ǽƬɳĮΪ˹Ǽܡ
ǵĵûӰ쵽ҶС·ȫĵͶ뵽УͲα仯
ʮ󣬵峿ĵһĮʱҶС˫Ŀ˫ޱȣеâת·̺һƬǿա
ǰĿռݺݵĲʱҪ顣
žžվһ죬·Ǳſµ
£Ӱߴޱȣһ齵Ϲâãӳһ𣬸Ե⻷ƣˡ
ꡭϸ΢ҶСϴҶСǲںɫӲ·ǴһѣƬƬ䣬γɵƤ¶˳йâǰһ㡣
ʮ޸ȫָˣڵЩҲȫ˳ȥڵɱһΣȻһ£ǿȸ˲١
һҲΪٴξһ㣬ٶȼ㣬ò˼£ҶСʵܹﵽʥ۷壬һﵽ磬αһ£ûܹĶ֡
ҶС˫Ŀһâ˫һһٶȼ죬Ƭ̣ϾͶһɫĳ䣬ȫ۶ɵġ
ΪҪһµʱ䣬û뵽ʮʱ䣬ĹΪǿ󡣡ǵ۵ҶС
ڿ˵𣿡ҶСƽʵ
ȻԣѾ񡣡ǵ˵߲ĻϲΪҶСԭʮֶȡֿܶԶ֧һʱˣôܹˡ
֮½ڣ½һΣյĵطڰԨ֮Ȱ㻹ȲҪȥͻǸȥΪ̫ΣˣοǸط֪ûУϾѾꡣǵ۵
ʱʱ򣬾񾳸ֽȥҲϡ
лһȥʵڲҾͷءҶСЦЦ˵
㻹ִȻѾˣôҲ˵ʲôˣСŮѾɣɷģҴһŸĹ˵ǳкôǵ˵
ĸȻˣɣˡҶС˵һΪһŻĮ֮жȥ
ת˲ĹҶСӰͳϿգչжҰڣֻտʼסǼҾƵΧΧЩȫʥ֣ǵĿ궼ǼҾƵꡭ
ܵĽУžƵеȥҶС粼õĸ󷨺ͷģһʲôֵľٶͻ⵽󷨵ɱ
ǳܹε󷨹Ƕʵĵȴţ·ǵȴžƵڵ߳
ʱºƵ˶ھƵķڣһɫޱȣЩ֣ǵΪ̫ˣЩ˵Ϊ϶ʥء
ҶСüһһӾͳ˾ƵУǰԼķڣûʲô䶯뿪ʱһģһ
ɣҶСɢÿ˶
ҶС֣ºơ޻ϳһ˿˷֮ɫָ
ಡһ߽ҶСڵľƵ꣬ҶС˲䣬еĵĳ׵ķ
١ǲԼͬؽһ¶һ˿֮ɫ


1675 
ҶСһɨһۣʵô£
˶ͷһӣһԲ·оЩ˱ƵƵһǳ顣
ǵӣҶСɫûκα飬Щʲô
þãºƲſ˵٣뿪ûжǾˣǶǰ̵ˣѼϢǣսһǲǵĶ֣ҾֵǶƵܡ
˵󣬳ºĿҶС磬ҶС粻Ϊ
ȷҺû޴ĺӲƴҪȻǾˣʵԼǿˣȻҪܱסԼΪȥ𣬳ºƣĲҶС翴ųºƣһ䡣
ǵʵеͣȻһȥɣǽʵȥѧϰЩϻ󷨺ٳ
ҶСĻ¶֮ɫԼͬĽ١
òžΣϾʱ仹е̣ȥŬһ֮ڣҽʵҪȻһרΪǹһ죬кЩΪ顣ҶСбų˵
ǣ١˼ᶨ˵ţ֪Լʵʲôȥ󣬲ĸܵʵĲ㣬ѾŬ׼
ʰһ£׼أҪȥһ顣ҶС翴˵
ǡӦһ˳ȥ
߳ȥҶСɢϸĲ鿴ܵ
ʮʥصĸ֣ʮʥصĸ֣֣ӵֱ治СԸôһˣȻộڰеλòͰҶСŹâ˵
һʥ۷ǿߣصĹãҲ鿴ûз֡ͻȻ䣬һ˵
ӵʱ˽ȫʰãȻپƵڵȴҶС磬һԲһ¡
ռ΢΢ҶСӰ֣˵ҳȥҵҪжſ񡣡
ҶСһ߳һӳҾƵ֮⣬ºƵ˸˳
ಡǼ˸ո߳Ƶ꣬һӰΧլ̵ȵȵط£ƬطȫΧǲ޵һ㡣
ֵϵѾˣֻʣߡ
־ܣǲƵ¥ϣһɫµ˫Ŀɢһı̹⣬Եʮ㡣
Ǹʵ𣿡ҶС΢΢̧ͷЦ˵ʱһͨˣûܹ͸Ϊ
¥ɫµ˫Ŀ΢΢һУ䣬ûǸʵһ֪ˡ
ҶСǰ̤һ¡һ죬жŲ˲һڵѷܹҶСɢ·֩һ㣬еĸ¥ҡΣѳ˺ܶѷ졣
վô߸˵һ˵أУе˶ܹ
˵ͬʱҶС綯ˣһץһһƬռֱۣΪһֻ޴ƣΪ죬Ϊǿռ䲨ĺۼγһֻ֡
һֻһץһ¥·Ҫץˡ
ɫµӸûκη֮ͱҶС¥һץݺݵ˵ϡ
䡭
ͳٴκݺһ¥ҡ·ʱпܱľɢܶ˶˼ɫѿ
ƽˮ·ϳһӣɫµӾܲһ㣬嵹˽ȥ
䶨֮ʱѪ·ѷ˳쳣Ѫȡ
һĻΧЩ̵ĸɫ˱䣬һپڣ·ǵ˺¡
ҶСٴǰ̤һϿֲƱƴҶСΪľЩƽˮ·һһˡ
ۡҶСܽһЩҶС֮£һѪɶݺݵܵ¥ϡ
¡¥ҡΣܶ¥̮
ߡҶСһɨ˵
ºƵ˶ؿҶСһۣȻ뿪׼һ
ɱʱһΧЩʥȫ֣ųºƵ˹ȥ
ҶСһŭȣʹ֮Ϊ
ءһըѪ׷׶£Ѫȶ̡
ҶСû׼նɱǣϾǶ֣ڿЩ˾Ǽֻնɱһǲ֪ʲô¡
ҶС·Ϊ˾ħͷͷһѪˮ·档
ĸʱһˣӵӡ
ҶСɨƬѪ֮أȻʧ


1676 
ҶС뿪ûжãϿͻȻһɫ׵ĸ֣һǺɫ沿Ǻɫ·һֻһһ㡣
˭Ȼնɱ֮ˡһ·ھ֮µƬռлص
лЩ仰󣬶پһɺ⣬Ĳ·ʲôµһ㡣
ɫ׵ĸ֣ӵʱ󣬱˲ʧ·ûгֹһ㡣
һ뿪һɾѹҲ֮ʧеصĴ˼Żָ
ʲôˣȻ˿£ƺƵˡ
᲻壿
Ӧòᣬ壬Բôʱ䣬̽թͶˡ
붼ǰ̵ĸ֣˵ʢİ񽫡˵仰ˣոս仰˵涼
һʱУйذһ񽫵ķ׷ʲôʲôӢնɱֵȵȣȫ̾Ļ
һ񽫵飬˶֪
кϷҪˣڴ񽫺ᷢʲô顣һΪոͻƵصĸ˵
˶׷һ顣
ҶС뿪кһ·򶫷жȥҪԽƬȻûĵط
һ·ϣҶСѾ˽˱飬УֻаΪĸֺʥ̵ĸֶǱûǰôſ
İ̼Ϊſ񣬵Ȼſʸ񣬱ϾһӶһʥصĸ֣ʵ
ҶСոտҪغͻȻ뵽˴ǸŮӣ֮ûи飬Ͼ˼ѾԼˣӦȥһ¡
뵽¿뿪ʱĻ룺ȥҲã֪һʱô
עҶСзУɢ鿴ΧеһС
뼸ȫŦԼٶ๫⣬һͳбԵũУһǳɫȹĴڷֵĲݵϣ̵ֻĽѾڱ̲֡
ŮȻǴҲֻŻôİȺˮҪƽ
ĿԶԶֻС֪ʲô
һ̾𣬴ż˼ʱţò׺ΪɣתȦþ㲵㣬ǸȴȻ
㣬̾ˣѾǵڶʮˡʱһͷɫ˿˹˵Ȼ˴ߡ
ڶʮôˣǣѵնôѣ·Ƕ˿˵
벻ףΪһҪնأȻնϣĵףҲһֵһǸо¶ʱٶȻҲһۡ˿Ĺâ·ڻʲô
⻰һãƽһȦȦ·ͨĳϵһ㡣
㡭㡭쿴ǰ桭ʱͻȻ˿ų͸¶ϲÿĻм·ʲô˵һ㡣
̧ͷȥ̵ֻߣһӰ˹һӰʱĳеǧ꣬·ʱҪɢһϳ
֪ôģͻȻ䣬һӰȻƽǱӦеӦǼȴΪ
ĿһӰ˿жһ˷ܣڲ̾ˣ֪ȤŲԶһľ¥ȥ
ԶԶҶСͿ˴׵գͬһ㣬ʼһƽӣ
ǰţһʱü·ÿһӣһꡢʮһ
ߵ˴ǰ˾ôĿŶԷ
ƣǹĵεΣһ棬̲ݺ컨֮佻֯ǣ
İţҲƽ΢΢ƫ˽
໥֮ϤӣɵþһĻĻĻ䣬ǻܹдһֻҪܹдʮ
㻹ðɣþãҶС¶һ˿΢Цʵ
áǺһϲ˵˲ѯԲ˵
ָֻԭӣǵ뿪е飬һʱ䣬ĺ˴кҶСߵߣ
Ǵкƽ˵
ʱ䣬Ŀ𣿡ҶСʵ
ƽ¶һ˿ãûлشҶС⣬Ϊ֪ôȥش


1677 ½
ﲻֵĻߣȥġҶС翴Ŵ˵
Ҳʺȥһᡣ΢΢Ĭһ˵
֮Ľ̸쳣ƽ·һʮϷޣѾﵽ˷ƽľ硣
˺ܶĻҶСҲ˴Ŀǰ뿪ԭлûȫĿʼں˵ǣںȴװںӣӱܡ
һСʱʱҶС뿪ˣ˴һڲݵϣҶС뿪ķþò·Ҫ͸գҶСȥӰμס
㣬ô뿪ˣΪβСľпҶС뿪˿˳ɫе㽹˵
ΪҪƽ˵·Ѿ͸һС
һ仰˿Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
һ뿪ҶСֱڵĴ½жȥ
ڵĴ½λڴ󣬴½һǧӸ߿ȥĻڵĴ½һҹںڰŹʡ
ҶСһֱգǰУ˿ĲʵѾﵽʥأܹڵ˺ٺ١
ûйãҶС·ϣ½Ĵ½һ͸һɲĹϢ·ص˼ǰĹɭ֡
ͺħ½ͬǣ½ϿոƮ죬ЩƲиָɫƮλãɾһ㡣
½ҶСչ֮кܴĲͬǾȻڹϣһ㣬½ء
һƬڣ˷ݣһôһô֮бɫƵĸһһƬֱ֯һž޴
˿̣ҶСڵλʮ⣬һֻж˵ˣΪͶ쾳磬˵һӵ쾳ʵΪߵĴﵽʥء
֮˵ļǳףֱ˵ǱѩɫףŽɫĳϻн׵Ƿɾˣʼյһɷǳ͵ϢֱʥЩӵеϢҪʥ࣬ҶС綼е㻳ʥǲǺ֮ʲôϵ
ҶС׼ð֮ˣҵڰԨ֮ˣԼٺܶ಻Ҫ鷳
հȴţȴԼ֣ڵȴʱҲ۲һС
֮ʹΪʳȵʹƳľˮ־ˮǳܰ㣬ڰеҶС綼̲סϼڡ
Ȼ˳ʹ⣬ż仹ּҰޡޣҶС𾪵ǾȻԣӿΪĲ̡
ڰȴʱ䣬ҶСҵ˻ᣬһʥһصִǾסĵط˳Ӧ׼ԡ
ɭУһֻһ׸ҵİɫҰŵϳı̲ݣͻأ֣аɫâӿγһѼ̺ݺݵĴһֻҰޡ
һֻҰ޺ԻĿһ֣Ųæ˦βͣݺݵֳȥٶȼ죬Ƭռ侹Ȼ˵
ڰеҶСҲû뵽һֻ޺Ұ޾Ȼӵôµʵβϵʥһ۷ǿȫһĹ
ɫһ䣬ϽˣɲǼ˳ʮ׵ľ롣
#%@ɫܲÿһ䣬Ҳ֪ʲô
ʱֻɫأ˫ǰһϣ֪ͣҪʲô
ҶС籾׼ɱǿߣԷӣٵȵȣҲΪ˽塣
ϰɫâӿؼһҲһӿǰ۳һŰɫĴ󹭡
Ȼ䣬˫Ŀɫâųһ죬ɫĴ󹭾ͳУֳֹңһ֧ƾճ֣ȫ۶ˡ
һɣһ֧ɲǼʧ
ùһһǳɣ·Ǿѵ˼ʮһ㣬ΪϤҶСҲզࡣ
һ֧۳ɵļ·һӴ˿ռ䣬ֻҰǰ
·ǲǿҵΣУһֻɫҰޣȻתǰڵһ٣Ȼһǰơ
һ̺ĳ£ؼȻپ£˹ǰγһεİɫƣε赲ǰ
ء
ɫݺݵĴ˰ɫζϣ飬ζҲѷ죬漴ըѣµĳγɣһֻҰ޵ݺݵıײ˳ȥҽһС
ǿҲùѩһһų죬β˺һײһôϡ
ǡô·ڲĽṹѾȫƻˡ
ʱҶС綯ˡ


1678 
ҶСһӳǰйâӶͬʱʩչת컻ش󷨣Ϊֵģֱӽϵ˺װϡ
ٶȼ죬һ˲ʱ䣬쵽˾ֻҰ޶ûпĵز
ò˭֪л᲻ʲôһУʲôֲܹ¼档
ҶСصʧȥʹ֮ɫһ֣˺Ȼʹޱȡ
ҶС簵һâֱûֵͥڣ鿴Ժеġ
ûһʱ䣬ҶСѾͥڵĲ鿴ˡ
ӶԷԺУҶС֪Ļ֣ǶԴʽڣЩС֮д䣬֮дǣ֮ϻǣЩһһķӣǿĴ߳еͳǵȨȼΪɭϡ
ԭǵֻ¾ɣǻĲʱڵҶСбųһεĹâôڣַ·Ǳѩһڻ廹ǹΪޡ
ɡͻȻһֻɫҰ޷һУ˫ĿǷŭ磬·ΪһɫҶСײ˹
һֻҰ޵֣ʵǿʥˣʥ˿׷Ķ
ǿڵĴ׼Ĵ䣬ڵļûʲô֣ÿɱǺܶһȥ
ľһ˳׼ɱȻչʾǿô˶ʵͶԸһֻ󣬻ҶСնɱҽΪľ
һֻҶС˫΢΢һУоȻų˰ɫĹâһնա
ۡûʶľѾǰǸˣû˿ķӦᣬͱҶСն롣
ҶСڵѾɱΪˮɫΪʲôɫģһĶһɫıʻδ䡣
ҶСߵֻǰΪϤİԴԴóһöɢŰɫĹâľʯ
һöʯ˵ʥˣҶСܹĸܵʥдڵЩڵһģһ
Ҫ࿴ˡ˿ϵҶС¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ
ղľԴûв鵽ڰԨڵأֵطֻǴڵУûеĻҶСҪȥЩ䣬ߴȥѰˡ
ӦǻȥʱˡҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ󽫵ʬץһŴķɱȥ
ľڵĴ䲢ǺԶһӵʱ䣬ҶСڵ˴ſڣǿԽΪѹƵʥһأҪȻΪֱӴԽռ䶼ˡ
Ĵþ޴ޱȵĹϽ˾޴¥¥ѲӣʲôҰޡ֮Ϯ䡣
찡쿴ľȻһֻ
ʥʿˣû뵽ľȻô
ҶСʬ˹¥Щ۷׷ףһҶСĿĽ
ҶСϣӴſڷɵ˱ɫ֯ɵ·ɽ
ľ
Ժһȥɱ𣿡
ҶСո̤ڱɫƵĸ·ϣ¥ϵ˾ͷ׷к
ûЩˣֱűɫǰȥľļУҶС֪ԷǸǳĮ߰ˣڴЩ˺ƲԸ߳䣬ǰǡ
ҶСľ·ƣԸ񼸺һģһϤľ˶ϲ
űɫǰߣ߹ʮľݣҲ˺ܶˣǿҶСʬ壬һֻֻʥˣһҶСɫͬˡ
һ𾴺ͳݣЩ嶼ŷʵΪ𣬴˷ҶСܹնɱ˵ʵ
ľľͻȻ䣬һ˷ܣ졣
ĺˣǶ˳ҶСеʱһɫˣóޱȣ·ʲô䱦һ㡣
ľʱһҶС翴ȥֻһŮϴŻ֮ɫ
ŮŽɫĳԴϻɫҶƳɵװƤϵҪλаɫ괮ɵ·赲ȫ¶档
ǰޱȵĸ첲ֱ޳ȿջʮ㡣
ŮǰʥĴ峤Ůľ໥ϲǴһʵȨ˵ĶӴϲ˰׼ͰʥĵҲǾл񣩡
ľһɱΪ˶࿴ҲΪ˵峤Ͱʥ


1679 ʥ
Ϊ·ĲѣϾĸȨܴ󣬾峤ĸҲɵ֡
ʹʥĵȻԸҲ֪Լ׵ΪѣһʱҲ֪ôźã񿴵ľеĵһʧˡ
ľܹһնɱӵһ˺ܶ࣬ͿԲʹʥˡ
СŲŴɫʮ˹ҶСһƣӴˣҪİľ˿ʲôһֻܹͰװˡ
ߵҶСǰһ˫̺һƬ飬ỽһľ
һԽ׵Ӷǰ죬ԴҶСֻܹӲͷƤһ
ͬʱҲ׵ǰ죬˽׵໥Ӵ֯һ𣬼ȫɫĹâƣ֣ɾ¡
Ů֮ķʽеĽһ㡣
˵Ӵʱһ˿΢΢ɻ󣬲˲䣬ɻʧˣϸֳ˺Σɬ
ľٴαĻһֻĸ첲ҶСĸ첲һ𣬷·޵ܡ
ľľľ
˶˵غ·Ϊףһ㣬һ
һͷ·Χ˵ĳֹһưɫʥн䣬γһ޴Բ˻ơ
һĻҶСоΪ֪ô¡
ͻȻ䣬޴İɫԲԵų˺ܶĻ٣һӿҶСڡ
ʱ䣬ҶСоԼӤ˼֣̺Ҳ˼֡
ҶСԺһѵѵʥ
뵽΢΢һȻϽȥ鿴ȡľͥЩ䡣
ڼУҵʥḶ́鿴Щʱǿɬ
ûȷʵǾʥḶ́УһŮӺ໥ϲʾ峤ԼĸĸȻȫ˵ļ֤£ղƣཻ첲ƣӾͿԵõȫ˵ף
׼תΪľӣԸõȥڰԨû뵽Ȼô飬ԼŮӾȻʥⲻԼȢŮƲѡ
ʵǰŵģûн¸ԼĸףͺҶСľٶΪ˷δȻ
ȫ˶ʱ򣬾˶֮⣬һùϵɫѿޱȣ˫ĿжҪ˻
Ǵ
ͰʥھȻľܹŭ
ƯŮӣЩбȰƯŮӶ
ôƫƧСĴУһֻСˣȻӵУϧڰȴһ˾ʥһŭ޷й
ͻȻ䣬·뵽ʲôһ㣬ǹһ˿Цź⣬ҶСͰ˹
ʱʥѾҶСͰϵİɫ⻷Ѿʧ첲ҲֿȴһҸվҶСߣһʮֹɵӡ
ллҶҺͰףһֻͷָˡϰףҶС˫Ŀһɨ˵ͬʱֳֻ飬ȫָܵˡ
ʵǿѪ̺ǿʳԺǿȻӲ١
ҶСĿ˶
ףͻȻ䣬ҶСоһɱŤͷȥֻһɫܲÿ˹
ǴҶС
ҶСĲԾŤͷȥʱɫͻȻһ䣬ܲÿжʱʲô¶һ˿Ľš
ûкԼĸ飬Ҳֻ׼һԣϾ˽ľԸûд峤ĵͷľԲʥģû뵽ľȻˣͬбҸĸо⣬ԾֱӾʥ
ҶС»ϲ֪ʵʵڵһܺߡ
ľ˭ȨǾʥ񣿡ߵǰʮ׵ĵطضʵ
һɲǼ䣬Χе˶ҶСͰ
ɫЩţ˫۽زסҶСĸ첲һµӡ
ʲôȨǣҶС˫Ŀбų˵
ҶСĻ£е˶¶˲˼֮ɫЩĽĿҶС磬Ҳһġ
˭֪ľϾᣬʲô鶼ȥ⣬û뵽ξȻֱӷ̫ˡ


1680 ν峤
һʱ֪˵ЩʲôĺãȷʵҲûȨôǰȻܹӣ˫ĿһһĹâݺݵĴҶС硣
ֲ˽Ծʥˣ˶ӦȨȥֹ
ҶС΢΢¶һ˿ĲмʥسڵʵѹԼǳ롣
صĻϿʥһ۷ΪʵΪȷʵʥسڣҶСûв´ĻΪ˶Ըľ
ľ˱ǴһΪܳˣ˾ìܷҲԼΪľ´һֶԸľԻúܲңڴţ󽵣Ͼһǿʳ磬ֻǿ߲Żᱻء
ʥ֮飬Ҫͬ⣬ҪԸɣкιϵҶСƬɭг˰мᶨһɢ
һҶСѵЩսŵʱġ
ҶСĻ˵ɫһ䣬ЩɫܲÿΪûһ˻ϲսȨˣȻȴһܶŮҶСĿһ˿ݡ
ھʥ飬Ҳϲǲ֣ԸжðΪǸߣںַܶɣֻ۵ĿԼϲ˺˾ʥ
ҶСһ仰˵ǵĿ
Ĵ峤Ҳͬ⣬㲻ܹʥ񡣡ʱͻȻһ
ȴһֳֺɫȨȵ˴Զ˹󻹸ˡ
ɫȨ϶˿һεĵ˵εһΰˣȨϵȨֻд峤ܹȨȡ
˵ΪѾﵽʥ۷壬˵ΪﵽʥغڣȻҶС翴ʵߣСѾǶˡ
峤
峤
ˣ˵ķ׷״кһǹ֮ɫ
˳ֵʱҶСĸоǲԼ첲İ΢΢һȻ峤лͦµģҶСʲô仯ûС
һ֮Įϲŭ֣űɫߵҶСͰǰʮ׵ĵطͣ
ľǴһ֮ܳһķϣԼܷȻһնɱһֻĴ峤˾ʥҵͬ⣬Ҳͬ⣬Ͳ˵
Ҳͦľģڴ֮ڴȨƣҲ֪˴ﵽʥأԼŮʹʥҲûʱʲôõġ
ƹľϾľһܳˣǸղšľǾԸɣкιϵΪⲻսȨ
Լ׵ĻһȻ֪νԼܷʲô˼ǽԼΪȫע뵽һˮС
Ժ˵ΪȫʧȥˣȴܹٴһǴ˳ͷĻô˾ͳ׵ķϳˣҲ
ҶСѾ׵ľļ䣬еȻ֪һ۲
ףѾȫ˵ףȻе㺦£Ȼ˵
һŮӣҰҺޣҶС뵽ȻܹܵԼ׵ľ£ΪԼҸȻҶײѾǼΪѵõˣҪ֪ĵȼǳɭϣȨƵ˾Բ¶ײҪȻͻܵشĳͷ
˵ˣֻͬ⣬ܹľʥ밢ʹʥ񡣡˫Ŀбŷ׹⣬Ƴһۡ
Լ׵Ļ¶һ˿ңһ˿ľֹ
˶Ű˵һʮӡ
ĽǾһȻ΢΢ŤͷҶС磬һ˿ãһ˿˵ʱҲ֪ôźá
ֻҪ㲻Ը⣬ûܹ㣬˭СҶС翴Űᶨ˵
ҶСΪ˶ǲ̽թ֮ͽǵĹһֻ򣬵ǵ߽ʱ֪Ҳ֮ˡ
ﾺȻûдѵĲܹһ干໥ٽûзĴͬҶСгôһͷͷһ˲ѣǲܵģֻսŻ
ҶС⻰ųҸЦݣеǣеۡ


1681 
ҶСĻڰޱȣĳЩ˶ߣΪȨ
Χܶ˶¶һ˼֮ɫû뵽һ峤ľȻΪֱӵķʽʹ峤Կ˶벻ףʲôľӡ
ҶС绹׼Ļ壬ڿҪˡ
ֳȨȵĴ峤ɫ䣬бŷµĺ⣬ȵȼɭϵУеλ߶Ȳϲв˴ڡ
峤ץסȨȵֽ˽ǿеŭٴγ˵
Ťͷ˿ҶС磬ҶСΪƽȫûһ˿»ߵģеĽŵĲɵƽ
ޱȡûһ˿覴õд˼ᶨ촽ҡҡͷȻѾȫ˵ףҾͲٸıˡ
Ǹǳᶨصˣʥĵ񣬾͵ǽԼһ˶ԷУڴ峤һ仰ƻһУֱǲܵġ
ѵҶԿɣ峤ʵͬʱƳҶСһۣɱ⡣
˶٣ͰֻҪ㵱´ûзҺʹʥҿԲ׷¡
󣬰ȻҡҡͷŮһֻһξʥĻᣬҲ벻Ҳꡣ
ģֻҪûеһͲǲҲꡣȨȵĴ峤˵дһ˿Ĺƻ
ŮӣΪֻ꣬ҪǾʥ񣬾Բٱѡ
峤һôкܶŮӶһӣΪ£ĸʲô鶼óֻǲ˵
ʱҶСǰ߳һС˵ղѾ˵ˣԸ⣬ͲҪĻˡ
ȻŸոս壬ǴӸղŵڶ̶̵һʱУѾ˽⣬ǲǶǲױˣͺһкҲлˡ
壬ҶСѾٲֵӵȥһƽȥ֮˵۹⡣
峤ҶСǿҵıӣɵ˶ǸףսԼڷŵĸ߸ϵģκ棬е˶ҪİڲŪö˶μҡ
ᣬ㲻ȥϧҪҶˡȨȵĴ峤˫ĿųһɺƴӿҪҶСѹơ
ϧҶС粻ľôһƣҶС˵Ͳ
峤ˣɲ£󷸲ź˼ƽϡʱͻȻ俪˵
ۼеһ仰峤ɵЩƮƮȻЩڣ֪ͲӦôĿľɽյĽ֡
ðɣ¾ȥ峤˵ͷ˵
лл峤˵һ䣬ȻתҶС磬ɫޱȣǹҳһ˿Ц
ľȫ˶˵һ˫ܣҲΪͲңһĵһˣֻҪڣǵڶһƽôˣԷΪôҶСʵ
أҶС練һһ䡣
ǲáʮ˵
¶⡣ҶС絭˵
ҶСĻɫһһЦˣġ
ѵ̫ռˣԷΪ뿪䣬ҲһҴӦ𣿡ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һ˵
ҶС⻰ɫϱãΪΡľ޿֣вһпԣѵΪҲﵽʥأ
ܣΪĵʥصĻΪûм췣ѵʲôֶβɣһˣҪȻƾΪնɱ
ʲôֶܹҵΪѾʥأοҲֶΡ
ͨЩ󣬴ʹӦãҴӦ㣬Ȼ㼱ǿɱҡ
ҶСҪʹģ¶һĨģ·ΪľģΪԼģ¡ľ󣬻Լ
ģҲġоŮӵĵģҶС簲οһ䣬ȻĿͶֳȨȵĴ峤峤Ӧ𣿡
ҶС罫ˮ峤ɫɵѿ˵ȻˣҾʹӦˡ
ˣɣҶСĿ˴峤һۣȻĿͶ˴һƵӡ
ҶСԼоԼܵ˼裬˫Ŀжʱɫâųк֣
Ļո£һɿµƴϱųռ΢΢·ƽϷȦȦɢȥ
ܸߴľҡΡ


1682 
ʥء
ΪȻʥأľΣˣ
صΪһ̰ɣ
ϧˣľ䶨ˡ
һʧһˣǴľ޴ʧ
оƣΧ˷׷ۣһҶСгͬ飬Ȼֻ
ͽȻһ䣬һ˫峺ޱȵĴоǵǣΪѾʥأľأҲʥһ۷壬ǶԷĶ֣ѵľԺҪϳΪϳ䣬ԼעҪʹʥ
Χ˵ЩƮƮȻԴһ֮ɫ
ľһᣬֻҪԸҵūͣҿһһ߸ϵӿҶС磬Ǳ飬·ڴҶСһ㡣
ƾ㣿仰ԭⲻĻ㣬ҵūͣһһҶСıʮƽ˵
ɫԼܵ˾޴裬˫Ŀų˵
£ϵһ˻ΪһŰ׹ҶС˹һǿҵĳӿһɳ£Χľϵҡη·Ҫ̮һ㡣
һɫĳ۶ɲǼ͵ҶСǰӶؼӲƬռ䶼·ؽӰգγһΡ
ľΪ˿̾һΪԷ°ܽȻ˿̵ľҶС磬鵱Ȼᷢ
顣ȵеĳƬյĿռǺݺһ
ռзһ·Ǳһ㡣
ҶСƬռҲȻ䣬ΪһƬһƬŤĿռУҶСѾʧˡ
ʲôһ֮ܳһǸѣҵһжֵסôϰأҾʥɣҾԲκ۸㡣ЦһȻĿͶ˫Ŀ͵İ
ڰ˵ʵ̫ˣľ£ڡ
㡭ɱľƺܲŵʵԭ峺˫Ŀûκɡ
һɱ˾ɱˣôǺûУУֻܹʥ˶䲻㡣ɫư˵š
ķϻࡣʱһͻأƬŤζĿռһӻָƽҶСӰȻվԭأ
ҶСӰʱһСɴ˫ĿŵĿҶС磬ôôܣ
ľڴһоȻ𣬿ΪҲˡ
϶ˣҪȻҲܶһɱ
ΧĴ˷׷ۣһľ񶼲ͬˣ·ǳڴ
ľľûʲô飬գỨỽһ顣
û£õģƾΪ˺ҡҶС΢΢һЦ·Ͳ
˵ͷûһ˿覴õľϹҸЦݣ۵һ˿˿ĵǡ
㡭㡢ܣôһ鶼ûУŤޱȵĶҶС˵
ҲţٴһеĳգɲǼﵽҶСǰҪ̴ҶСüġ
ҶС˫Ŀбų⣬һĳ
ǡеĳ飬һǿޱȵײϣͬʱڡ
ۡһѪαײ˳ȥ
ءһݺһľϣľݺȻһľһ˫Ŀϴ󣬺һ㣬ﻹͣ߶ʲô
ݡһӰӴ峤߷ɳ˴ߣҡŴ壬
ҡεͬʱɫӿŴӿȥ
ҶСƶŲһһűɫǰȥ
ľʲôѵɱ˴ɣȨȵĴ峤ʵ
峤ֳŵʱˣϳ䡣ҶСĿƽ˵
㡭ѵΪ𣿡峤ҶСʵ
ôһñӣܹȫ˵𣿱ˣеȨ˭ģȨеȨȸģ˸㣬˶Ļʱ㻹Ǵ峤𣿡ҶСһһֵ˵
ЩһѰѼĴ̵̽˴峤У˫ĿǷŭԹ֮ɫ
㡭ΪʱһŭǴĸס
ҪĸƶҶС˹һֻ޴İɫ۶ɣҶСץ˹
ҶСָ֣һɫâһһֻ޴һӾͱи˿ͬʱǹϢŴĸӿȥ
ۡĸһѪ˳ȥ
ءǶһþ޴ľС


1683 Ȩ
һĻе˶ˣѻȸ·綼ֹͣˡ
Ҫ֪峤ĸףһˣǿǴ﹫ϵ֣ʵޱȣĸȴҶСһˣʲôʲôΪ
˶¶˲֮ɫ
ˣľȻܹϻˡ
ľҲصĺǴһĸְ
ôһλڣǴڸʮеһϧ
þã˷׷ۣŹâ֪Щʲô
峤㲻ִиղŵŵԣͰɣҶС翴ȨȵĴ峤˵һɫâųһӴ˴ڡ
ءը˿ѪƮ£Ⱦľ塣
ϣ峤ҶС羹Ȼҵնɱһŭӿ˳һаɫâȫӿȨУʱ䣬ȨȱüΪҫۡ
ؼһӿɲǼ䣬һӰȨϿա
һӰȫ˶ǰҲ⣬һϵĹâ
һֻ̣ҶСȻվֱӰӰϸܵһɲϵϢƺ͹ǵɢϢһģһӰʱˣӰӵеʵѾﵽʥ۷塣
ݹ򡭡ʱ峤ɫĶҶС˵׼Դ峤ȨԼľ
ղҶСʩչսѾˣûаպҶСһսֻܹô峤ȨѹҶС硣
ҶС粻мƲһ۴峤˵û˿Ұݹ򡣡
⻰˶˵Ĵ治ǰж¶һ˿ź͵ǡ
ľ֪ʲôںΪУݡ峤ľ˵
һӰѣ𣿡ҶС絭ʵ˫ĿбųɫâգһӴӰϡ
Ӱ΢΢ζ·ʱҪһ㡣
ǡһ΢Ȩϴ˳Ȩѿ飬Ӱٴλζ漴ʧ
Ӱʧ˲䣬ͷҶСһۣ¶ɻɫ
һжҶС翴УѵǸ˻û
ʱе˶ɴ۾ŻΪƬȨȣ峤ҲһȨƬ
Ƕ֪ôźá
Ȩһֱϵģû˸ȨȶȨȲ˵ˡ
ʷһ¼
ô죿ô죿ϵȨô飿жôһʡ
ߣѾ˵ˣ峤ȨȨģǸģһȨȶѣ˾ˣֻҪʵǿ˭ΣȨȶСҶСе
ҶСĻһըǵĶߣִ治ĻǺѽܣҶС˵ĶʵҲˣܵȨȾȻˣ˵⡣
У˵ӣҶС¶һ˿֮ɫЩľˣȻһȨȣһȨū£Ǳ硣
峤Ȩѵ˲䣬·˺ܶ࣬оյģһ޷Ӧĸо
þã˲ŷӦ˹¶һ˿֮ɫվлЩ֣̿·֪ôˡ
ǵӣҶС̲ס˵һȨȶѣ˾ˣ峤ȫѡģȨȣֻŻǿڸôô
ϣҶСŰ˵ͷȻŴвĵطȥ
Ҳ֪˶ã˲ŷ׷׷Ӧ˹ȻȻúܲϰߣϾȨȿ˵ǵľ֧񱻻ȷʵе㲻ϰߣǻǺһòժʹľȥժ
峤ȨȵƬһƬһƬļǣԼķȥ
㶣Ƭ̣ҧһСľȥ
ʱһȥתۼһڵʱˣҶСÿ춼ĵططҵĶ顣
⼸ÿ춼ˮǹɵСӣڰҶСҲ֪ôźã׼ôһֱȥҵڰԨ󣬾뿪Ͼ
˽ָһʼһ죬䶼ԵѹޱȣΪû˵·ȫ˶ʬ⡣
ҶСĻŽ峤ȨȵƬصԼľݺ󣬾ҲûгȨȵĻ𣬾еȨҲʧһ㣬ͨ
ĸ˺һֱ˫Ŀͣڴĵطţʱʱ̾·Ϊ


1684 ֪Ǽٵ
ˣΪҶСһ̬ˣҲ֪ʵһУȨҲȨȣһľˣֻʵܹõϵȨ
ҶСȻڲĵط鼮һÿ춼ˮŮӣҶСгһ˿ΣľȴľӦܵһС
ǳӣҶС˵ʵΪԼܹ˳ĵõ֮Ƿˡ
תۼѾǵʮˣҶСѰҵ˺ڰԨǲϵ鼮˵½һ֮أƬطֽԨǸطܵϲԵ䣬궼ǻɵģǸطĽأû˸Ͻ롣
ȻֲͬҶС绹ǸоǸԨǺڰԨ
õԨҶСʹӲĵط˳ľݱĸػţҶС˳󣬶һлһ˿ĳݡ
ҽϴˣһȨȣ˵ǿһ㣬ܾòʵǾʵʵڷ飬кܾ塣
Ӳĵطֱ߳ľǰסСľȥʮķ鼮ƣѣ׼Ȼͳ
̤ľľʱסˣֻľݵУܹ˸ʻбɫƣÿű¡
ľļ֪ľݸͲӵģǳ¾ޱȣǿܹסˣڣȴһ
ѵõģҶС뵽ȻƿӵţֻҲõʮ־£ܵľǽŸɫҶЩҶγޱȾͼһŰɫƤĴ󴲰ڷ롣
߽кҶС֪ЩԶǰõģǰУϹͺͺģֻӲľ壬˵ǽϲõЩװƷˡ
еһУҶС΢΢̾һո׼߳ȥһŲתͿ˰ñɫƶ˽зźüʮ˵ˮ
ҶС磬Ŀһ̺һƬ飬һɣӷڵľϣ첽˹ѩ׵ĸ첲һ㣬ҶСĸ첲ϣԼ顣
ܵĸ첲ҶСһ¶еΣܴĴ
ľˣҶСѯʵ
ţѾˡҶС˵ͷ
ҶС߽ңһŰ¶һ˿ҸΪǲõҺÿ𣿡
ÿʮƯҶС̾
ľѾʥѾˣ㿴ǲӦһˣ¶һĨɬĺΣ˵
⻰ҶСһЦȻ֪һʲôˣ࣬壬ôܹأοľҶС硣
ҸղŴӲݳоۣ㿴ǲǹ˵ҶСĿʵ
ǲǲϲˣɫЩÿʵҶС˫˿
ǣǣôأҶСϽ˵
ȻΣǾһɣҶС˵Щ괮ɵڵ֮ɿ£¶˷Ǳѩѻ̶ɵ
ǰļͦķͣӯӯһյСÿΪ֮ҶСǸˣҲ⡣
˿һֽѹµĳ嶯ǿסˣװһŵ˵ʲôϽڵ
ľģԶġĿҶС磬ѩźһ˫ۣסҶСĲӣǶԶĺ£͹ҶСǶ໥档
ƣҶСͷƤ飬Ͻ˵һû׼ã׼׼
ĿҶС磬еȥΪȻ֮ɫ˵жð
⻰ҶСд󾪣ٶȶˣѵѾˣ
ҶС룬ɫϱã֪ô죬һд鷳ˣѵնɱɣ
ˣҶС绹ܹµ֣ǰҶС²ȥ֣ЩʮֵչˣǽľȻЩм
ģҲ˵ȥġĿҶС˵
ҶС΢΢һ֪̾ȷʵѾˣһҺľݵȫرգһɵ֣˵Ļ˸
һҶС֪ûз֡
ԭ綼֪ˡҶСƽ˵
ȷʵĿҶС磬ʧɿҶС粱ӣҲ˻ȥãȻ˴ϡ


1685 
ȻôƯĳѾȫã档
ʵ֪㲻ڴȻ¸ң߰ڸȴųޱȣûҸ׵ͬ⣬Բҵġ˵˵¶һĨ΢죬΢΢ƳҶСһۡ
һǳصˣҸ׵ĻˣԲ˵˵ִ治ĻȻҲ֪Ҹ׼Һʹʥ񣬵նɱҶҿˣԲ
Źâһ仰˵꣬ãȻ֪㲻ǣȻ㵱ʱĺܺΪ˾Ͳܹµһ㣬ȫûҪĿҺ˾еһ룬Ҿˡ
Ȼ֪ҲΪλҴҶСߵǰ˫йâӿȡ˹ɲǼ֯һɫĴ£˰ϣȻԱߡ
Ҳ֪ľжáҡҡͷ
ˣǽҵҶСһЦȻԼ˰
ôһŮûмôܶʲô顣
û˵ĬҶСĻ
ҹҪ뿪ˣСĵ㣬ȥĵطҿΪ㰲šãҶС˵
⻰һ¶һĨ֮ɫŤͷҶС磬ͷ·ǿԼϲĶսʧȥĽС
ҶС뷨ڰȻԼľ·͡ľһҸƵġ
ҲҪѹҶС΢΢һ̾˵
֪һϣĿĿҶС硣
ҶС֪ĲԼľȻǸ˵ľΪǸľǲܰģľһľҶСľ
ľѾˣҲҶСٴ˵ĿŰ
һȻޱȣԹ˵ΪľͲܹΪңȫԡ
һܺҰɣɱҶСƽʵ
ҡҡͷҲ˵ϺްɣľһῴҺʹʥǸʱʹҲʹĳҽѣҲľʥ񡣡
ҲҲҸϣһϣģŻôҡҶСǵ˵
֪֪һΣԶвѡ˵仰ЩãĿҶС硣
Σѵһ죬οҲܹԶһԼ飬磬ҵ硣ҶС絭˵
ΪҪҵ磿ҶСʵĿ⸴ޱȡ
ǾɣҶС˵
⣿ܰɣ㴳ҵұ֯һΣˣеһжˡ˵·ֻԼܹ
ҶСû˵վϣһ㶼ûվڰˣ̵ðнѡ
ãŤͷҶС磬죬ɲԼľ
ҶС籾ܾȰ˵ʼնǲʵģѺ󣬻ʹǿ˫εҶСһ˵ͷ
ҶСӦְһųҸЦݡ
ľỽһ˫Ŀ̺ܹڻѩ顣
ҶСһΣڣ뿪룬
׵Ľһµľֻĸ첲ٴβҶСĸ첲һ˰
ܵĶԴԼҶСһܣҲ˵ʲôо
ҶСӦ˰ҲҶСȫľÿ˼һ𣬾ͷ·һɾ£ڱɫ֯ɵĵ·ϣܶĽĿˡ
ѾΪһеİǶӵһɵİ顣
ҶСŰĴ߶ڴУڴ⣬һժʹһɱϾһŴϣȻʲô鶼û
ϵʱ򣬰ӵ˯ú𣬵һ˯ⶼûУг˸֮С
ʱܿ͹ȥˣҶСʵѾָ۷״̬ѾǰʮʱˣҶС粻ٵ顣
ʮ糿ո𴲣ޱΪкʹޱ磬һϸĺӣϧҶС粻ľǸľҲûĸˡ
Ҫ뿪ˡڰĿע£ҶСЩʹ˵


1686 뿪
⻰һϵҸȥֵǸӡãһ˿΢΢ĴͣԼ֯ٶѡ
껪ˮ˼ֵҸʼնΣԶʵʱֵһ̣ڰ˵Ǻ̵ܲ飬Ѿ֪һΣȻȻŲ£ξԶȥѣվǲܵġ
ҶС绹ԼҪһֱξжȹ
𣿡ʵ͸¶΢΢Ĳᡣ
ţڣȥ졣ҶС˵ͷϾͰһѾʮˣЩ黹Ҫ˵
˺󣬾Ͳڻ𣿡գһ˫峺ӵĿʵ
ӦòڻˣϾҲˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵뿪Ļҿ԰㣬ʼղǳ֮ơ
ڵң¶һ˿Ҹ΢ЦһƬãȻ
ǵ㣬ҵ˺ܶˣһȥĻпܻ鷳ҶС˵ͷ
ҿʵģ𣿡ͻȻ䣬ʵûлشҶСҪҪ뿪
ҶС΢΢ԥ˵ͷԡ
ԸѾ˽⣬ǷҲ˵ȥ
ҶСò˹׵ıΪԭӡ
ҶСӣһ¶һ˿֮ɫһƬãû뵽ࡣ
ǺǣҪΪˣ粽СҶСε˵
նɱ𣿡ҶСʵ
ΪʲôҪնɱ㣿
Ϊ࣬壬ǲͬˡҶС磬еĹâ֮Ҳ֪Щʲô
ĻҶСԳһЦǰһնɱ㣬ҵӡУ˶ǲ̽թл󣬸оǺûʲôڲͬìأȨĴڣͬҲĵˣնɱľƻһЩ㻹кһĻᣬȫûˡ
¶֮ɫһ˫ĿžӨỨиոչͻΪһſһĶ
׺ᣬụ̊ҶС粻ɵʫ
ѾˣҪԺôҶСοŮӿޣͻ
ͻȻΪĸ첲סҶСĸ첲Դпļϣһˮ¡
þãŻָ˹ɿҶС磬ɫӵĿҶСһֻۣӶɫâղŵȫУʮö
Щӣ˫ֺϲ¶֮ɫ˫ּйâۣƬֹ̺ͣ
͸㡣ҶС˵
ҶСûпһ죬ۣ۳һϸߣɲǼ佫ЩŹâӴֱӴϡ
ллľļУûйӷϢҲ֪ʲô壬˵һлл
ҶС˫󶯣ΪӵӡγɣۣγһöָһСɫâŹʡ
㡣ҶС罫׹˹ȥ
¶һ˿֮ɫ΢΢ͷҶСʲô˼ֽö׹˰ϡ
Ҫˣ벻䣿ҶСʵ
һܹҵĻ䣬ʹҸ˵Żµֹâ
ȻҲǿ㣬ҪСĵ㣬䲢ôȫʲôΣգʹľУҪȥΪ㲼һҶС翴Ű˵һ䡣
վ˫Ŀйâ˫лһ˹۳һ˿ߣȫǶľݵǽϡ
ʮӵʱЩľݵǽڲѾ·˫ٴλһööγɣС
һкҶС罫ĿͶ˰Ѿúˣʥ۷ĸҲΣգԴö׹Ҫˡ
ͷ¶һĨᡢӡ
ˣ㱣أлᣬһʱҶС翴Ű˵ֱΪľӣת뿪Сľݡ
ҶС뿪ͻȻվ¶ӵĹâþòһʧ񣬲֪ʲô
ľСľ뿪ҶСչ鿴һһаãŷĵȥ
ҲҶСȥЩ˻ΪҶСҪȥɱҰޣһ׷¶ĽĿ⣬Ҳɱȫ˶࿴
Ǵ˿֪ҶСѾ뿪ˣ»˲ģҰ鷳



1687 ά
ԨλΪӣѩ絶ɳʯߣ쫷磬˵һ˼û
ȻֶӵĻУҲûڣڵĶЩʵǿޡ
άããֺƬ֮֮һУֻҪԽάǾܹΪӵĵطˡ
ά˵һУʵʹһǽڲĹľ֮ϣͬǣάܶľڵγɳǽĸװŻҪάǵ˱ϾӹĸϵŻ룬ȴû
ЩľϵһЩֻ˵·˸ͲܹԽľ壬ֱӽάǡ
ڵ·ȫǼޱȵıɫ֯ɵģޱȵĽʵֱͬǼʵĵǰ㡣
мΪ޴ҲޱȣȻַıȴŻҺѪȡ
ããֺдУҶСʱڵάǣʱУҶСһ·Ϲɼʹնɱޡ
ʱ䣬߲֪նɱ˶ޣ϶һɷ
ǸУҶСѾ֪άǵмΪѪȣÿʱÿ̶иߺ
Щ֮ˣյ˴ǳĳֳͷ˾ۼĵطȻҲۼ˶ðյˣ˵ӣʲô˶С
ߵάſڣӳһԼʮɵĸߴ¥¥·һԼҵŻŻд֣άţ֣֣ĳͼһ㣬̺ع·ĳֹâ
ҶСбµľ̨άȥǰ滹֣˵ΪﵽʥأѪ֮ԶԶܹɷڡ
ʮö弶ʥˡǰһǿ߸ոߵάſڣſһɫƤս׵˵һ߸ϵӣΪߣֻʥأȻ߰ޱȣ֪пµ
ʥ˾һЩҰ޻۳İɫ壬ֶʥˣֿе
һʥ˾ʥһڵʥˣ弶ʥʥڵʥˣƣߵȼǾżʥˡ
ʲôʮö弶ʥˣⲻ𣿡ʥصֵ˵
˵ˣҾҪȥ뽻ʮö弶ʥˣҪȻ͹ػ˵ҲɢŨŨɷɷΪʵʡ
ߣҾҪȥҿΣʥص֣˫ĿɫâųΪǿӲûǰȥ
һɫһ䣬һɿµƱŷһƷ·໥ӳġ
һĳֲİɫŷؿռ£ȫӿ˰ɫУֻɲǼ䣬һɫ֮ղžǿʮ
ʥصĸɫһ䣬ϽˣȻǳˣǹɿֲİɫһײؿڡ
ۡʥصĸһѪ嵹˳ָ֣Ͻ㿪
һݺݵ˵ϡ
ع涨һȴзһɫգֱն£ն·𱻷ֳ롣
ۡʥصĸһӾͱն룬Ϣʧ
һʥصȻնɱһʥصĸ֣£ľЩ׼άǵĸ֣жһĨ⡣
ҶСŹâȻܹóڹʱһ𣬿˵ǽдƣʩչһ
άҲǲԻܲ򵥰ҶС
ڸղŲǰ鿴һ£άоȻʥظ֣⡣
ʮö弶ʥˡҶСոľʵ̨ף˵·ǻһ㣬ִֻ֪
ҶСһʮöɫʥ˳УȻݸ
а׹ֱʥˡ
˽ȥոһ߽άǣһѪ֮ӿҶС·𿴵ڰһĻҶС粻Щˣ治֪˶ٸ֡
άǽֵޱȿʮ֮߶ľʵ¥ŸָĶ
άǺ󣬸˵ĸоиͲڹϾ޴ľϽģƽĵϽһ㡣
еʱоһɨ˹ʥظֵǸֻɨһȦ󣬾ʧˡ
ҶСȫϢֳΪʥأ͸¶һ˿˿Ϣֻʥ۷壬ʥص˲ܹ鿴˶鿴ޱȣҲΪ˲һЩҪ鷳
Ҫסľһľݶʮö弶ʥˡҶСո˼һʥصĸ־͵ǰʵ
ϵ֪άڸûνĿջ֮Ķеֻ˽˵ľݡ
άУնɱһľݵˣȻסȻһ;Ǿǹݣ󣬱ʵնɱ㣬ķݾͳΪ˵ˡ
άֻҪʵ㿴ʲôǿߣЩûʵģֻܹڽֱˣеЩؤ
άУΪ͵Ķʥأ󲿷ֶʥصĸ֣ÿ϶ɢſµѪ·ڸˣҺܿ£Ҫҡ


1688 Ѫȵĳ
ҶС˫ĿųǰĿռ΢΢һɻµƵ
ǰӸϽ¶һ˿˿Ŀ־֮ɫ
УҪװ׺ݵӣҪȻ˻Ϊ۸鷳˵һҵıֶΡ
ҶСŽֵǰȥֱҶС߳˺ԶӲͲʲôף綼Ҫնɱ
ҶС׼άоסһʱ䣬˽һԨϸȻǸе鼮нܣǣϸ˭֪ʲôΣܹΪԨһʲôΣĵط
ΪԼǸ˵ԵʣǰߵĹУܵ˺ֵܶĿ⣬ǿԼĿдһ̰һ־˷һ˷֮ɫ
˳ĳЩ˵ĿһҶС֪ЩΪĿ⣬Ȼʩչת컻ش󷨸ıòָöָȻڡ
ҶС˼֪Ǹеע⵽ûУ뵽
ҶСǰľͻȻ䣬оһɱ֣漴һӰΪһƬâƬâϬޱȣ·ֱҪնɱڴˡ
ҶС˫ĿųĳУ׺ݸͲУ˻Ϊ۸
һץµİɫâųۣһֻ޴ƶʱγɣͷ·ֻ֣Ƭռ䶼ںݺݲ
ҶСٶȼռ񶳽һ㣬һһȻ֮ɫֻܹĿֻ޴ץ
ݡʱһ֧ƿն·Ǵ͸˿ռ䣬ֱӳҶСüǰǰ˶γһС͵Уʮֿ¡
һ˳ˣҪһ̴ҶСüġ
ҶСϿӶˡƬռ䶼ںݺݵ𵴣ȦȦǳˮһһһΧЩľݶҡҡλΡ
˫Ŀ貵Ĺâ䣬ǡֱ֧顣
ۡϮҶСĸ֣һӱץˣ屬ѣΪһƬƬѪꡣ
һĻڵʯ䣬ٶȼ죬תۼ䣬ɱҶСһ˶ΪѪ¡
Χڶɫһ䣬̰ĿһǼɵ֮ɫʱ֪ҶС粢һֻ򣬶һֻ׺ݵǡ
ҶС̧ͷһһڰɫеӿȥ˫Ŀ絶ղֵӡ
ǸǸǸᣬϣ㲻Ҫ֡ɫӲ˵ҲΪҶСʵһ㣬û뵽ǿǾˡ
ûʲôᣬɱߺɱ֮ҶС˵һָһ˼µİɫâųռ΢΢ƹâʧ
ҶС֣ɫɫһ䣬ٺˣϽ˵ɱңǰظˣ㡭
Ļû˵꣬üĴըһѪ¡
ءըѣѪҺ˷ɢЩľϡɫȫѪֻƬ̼䣬ЩѪȻʧ͸˽ȥ
ҶСնʥ۷ֵֶΣе˶ҲСҶС磬Ӳֽ
ҶСĿз⣬ɨΧһۣȻǰȥ
ֱ߳˺Զ֮˲ŷ׷£ǰ½˶Ǽβˣ׵ĵˣҶСһͳնɱˣ
άſڣҶСһߴһ߾ߵάһƬΪķ߶Ṇ̀ҩĳϧʯֻѧ伮ȵȸָҪĶ
ֱߵһΪµУͨ鿴µǸϢ޸֡
Ҫ֪ϢҪ֣ҶСһ߽ȥľʹ̨ǰһִҶСʵ
ʲôϢϢ׳̶ȡʥˡֶҶСʵ۵¶һ˿ĺ֮ɫ
ողҶСն˵Ѿ˹ʮ־ȡ
ԨϢҶС絭˵
⻰һڶţе˶ĿͶҶС磬ЩڽϢ˶ͣг˼ɵ֮⣬к档
̨ǰ˼ȻĿͶҶС磬
˵꣬ľ¥ݣ¥ȥҶСȥ
һǽϿ̻·ķ䣬Щ·йâ붼֪󷨡
İڷһᣬ϶Ǽ¼ŵһЩϢ
ֿ߽ҶС˵ԨǸأû˸ҽȥϢ࣬ˣ۸Ҳܹ󣬲֪ܷ񸶳ϢĴۡ
ۣҶСʵ
һöżʥˡ
⻰ҶСüͷżʥ˾൱ʥ޵ʥˣȻޱȣ˵Եõ
Ҳ֪۸̫ˣûоżʥ˵Ļʮö˼ʥҲԡֿҶС˵


1689 óʱͳ
ҶСȻüͷ˻˵˼ʥֻʮö
̫źˡһϧĿҶС˵
ˡҶСĿһӣȻȥ
ҶСĿ⣬һͻһֲõԤУҧҧʮöʮöһ顣
ҶСתһɫâӿʮö˼ʥȫһľϣʮð˼ʥ⣬жʮö߼ʥˡ
ʮö߼ʥ˾͸ˡҶС翴˵
̫ˡһЦ˵ۼеʥˣߵһľʼҾǰ˫д˼ɫâ
ǸԶ˿ӴȡһεľУȻ˹ľϡ
˫ֺϲﲻ֪ʲôΧһӣӿľڡ
žһ΢ľڴͣСĴľУֻһѾЩƸƤľС
һ͵İɫâųžƤƶ˳Ȼķľϣƽ̡
Ƥķƺ͸̶پϰʱ䡣
ԨĵͼұߵǼԨеһЩϢ˵һ䣬ȻƵԡ
ҶСͷȥ鿴ԨĵͼͼǷǳǳ׵ĵͼѣ漸ʲôҶС罫ĿͶһԵļ֡
һͼǼ֣ҶСſһЩЩϢͲ̫ˣԨܴ˵滹˵ôһҪҵԼҪĶ̫ˡ
ֻһϢ𣿡ҶСЩʧʵ
ֻôһ㣬Ԩǽأû˸׽룬ǰʥصĸֽУҲûгԨǸطˣûһ߳ӿЦһ˵
лҶС˵ͷȻ˳ȥ
˿ҶС߳ȥı΢΢һ̾Ҫˡ
뿪ҵ̺ҶСǲʣõϢ̫ˣԨһޱȣӸղŵͼϿԨһֻ޴ޱȵãһɺ
ҶСоԨһܲ򵥣϶̺ʲô޴ܡ
ôΣգҪȥҪȻûһˣҶС뵽
׼άǴһʱ䣬ܴܲʲôٵʱ䣬պͻ뿪
֮µҶС߽һҾƵڣҾƵøʹƳľˮиƵࡣ
˳Щ޵ԣʳҲΪϲ
Ҿ¥Ƶ඼Ĳҩʵǿ޵ƶɵģھһļӹζܹ˵Ϊ
߽¥ҶС绨˶ʮöʥˣ˶ζƷһ
һһϾͬʱƵڣһЩ໥֮ĵĻܲܵõʲôõϢ
ʱƵ̸۵ĶԼղȥ´Ԩ飬Щ˽Ļɫ˵ԨޱȣȻǸ˸ȥ϶ʲô̵Ķơ
Ƭ̣ҶСûȤͷȹʮֵĴֲڣζû뵽ڲлһζһ˻Բֶ
ҶСΪ˳ԷϰߣųЩģҪȻҲȥԡ
ҶСոճһ룬͸оƵͻȻ侲ֻһͷڽ𷢳˽󻹸֣ɫףһ֮ǵΪѾﵽʥأΪﵽʥسڡ
߽ƿһάǿˣҲֻǿ˲ŸôţҪȻ֪ʲôʱġ
߽ĿһɨȻͣҶСϣл˹
顭߹һŲľϣľʣһ͹ȫ䣬һӶǡ
˫ը⣬ҶСʵղžնɱСף
һƬǽ壬ҶСһŭкȻ͵£ǲȻ۸
ҶСȳôһ֣һɿֲޱȵӿ׵壬һײ˳ȥɫ׵ĸҲϵĺˡ
顭ײľľϵľˮȫϡ
кܶҲܷȥ
ɲǼ䣬ҶСΧûһΣȫһյء
ھƵڳԷ˶˳ȥһ𾪵ĿһĻ˭Ҳû뵽ҶС־ͳ֣ȫûκεĹ˼ɡ


1690 ټ
Ǵ鷳ˣȻҶ԰ظȨƵ˳֣Ҫܵ˰ظǿұˡ
˵Ҫд鷢ˡ
ǸղŴնֵˣеʵһսҪˡ
ҶСһȾ׸ֹ˳ȥǱޱȣ˷׷ۣҶСһУֻҪϹӾܹоҶСΪֻҪʥأȻʥǸûûʲôԭʥصĸָͲ
ͷڵ걻ҶСһƵһľӣҲһꤵ˵ϣռ˹࣬Ǳѡ
ӵɫޱȵĲһԼӣĶҶС磬ӢײŤһоϻģָоǵ˵棬һ㡣
㾹ȻҶҶ֣ǻˣһ½˶ѣؼͰˣȻﵽҵͷϣɡдԹ֮ɫĶҶС磬һһ˵ǿҵĺ⡣
⣬ľͿҶСƤһâը·Ϊĳ˲
֣һһ˿ľ¡
ҶСĻڿҶСоԼ˶ˣʱúĲϺ
ãͦͷһͳ죬ұ۸ˡ
ݶһϿը죬ƹݶźݺݲ·Ҫһ㡣
ʱܶ˵ɫ̲ס˱䣬˶֪ͳǺεˣһΪɲĸ֣ĺ޵һΥеĹ֣ÿһγѪȷ磬ɵӰ켫
Ҫˣܶв
ĶҶС·ȫûһ㣬ȻԭλãĮĿһУ·һиԼûʲôϵġ
ҶСĶݺݵ˵ߣ㻹ͦŵģҾͲŵһ㻹ܹ
ҶС·ûһ㣬ɴĿһûнԷӡ
ޱȣжҪ˻ȥҶСݺһ٣ԼͲ˼ҵĶ֣룺һͳˣôѵ㡣
ͻȻ䣬һƬذһĵ׷ֻһֻһɫ֯ɶ̿˽˫Ŀʻɫ·̺ϵ⣬һ۴Ĳλһֱӵеһ㣬жһ˿ĵӡ
߽Ƭռе¶Ⱦͽ˺ܶ࣬Χܶ˶̲סĲ
һֿµϢϢնɱ˺ɷɱγɵϢսʱ򣬹ƾϢͿѹƺܶˡ
ͳ죬ҽѵһʵ̫ˡָ߽ҶС罫зһ˿ͳ·ڿҶСͳô
ʱΧѾΧ˺ܶˣɢѪͼɵĿ⿴һĻ
ͳ·ûӵĻһ㣬ӽһֱҶС磬ߵҶСʮ׵ĵطʱ˵ߡ
Ļ·һ㣬һ޷ܵơ
ûеҶС˵Ͳˣߵ˵ͳ죬ʲô˼۸ˣ㻹Ͽҽѵ
ͳŤͷһۣȥ͸˵
ʱûƢѻޱȣоԼ׵ĶˣٹƬ̣ά˶֪Լˡ
ɫѿޱȣһҧгݵӣȻûʲôλͳ죬Ҳһ˿ľ£ͳҪʰԼҲ˵ʲô
߻ǲߣͳ춢ҶСٴʵ
ʱҶСŻ˫Ŀʵȥ
ظ
ȥ˵ҶС絭˵һ죬ƹڣ̨ϣһƿವķУ˵ĺ
仰ͳ˫ĿһһֻߣȷʵǷ˸ǰģû뵽ԷȻøǰǴ󵨡
Ļһᴫġͳ˵һվһߣ·ʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
ʱΧ˶ˣ˾ȻҾܾظټӻ󣬰ظǺˣǿάǵͷ֮һִڲټ˭˭Īң˭Ҳû뵽ҶС羹Ȼܾðظǰ
ٺ٣ˣ㾹ȻҵҸףҸ׵ȨǲκƵġȻһЦϹҳֻ֮ɫ
ҪĴˣŭ˸룬Χ


1691 ͷ
µʱͻأ䣬һɷ·һƽٶ£Ƭռ䣬Χܶ巢ɫҰף̲ס󣬻ǳסˡ
ؼ䣬âʢҶɻһӰͻأ֣ԡ⻨У·Ǿ֮ƣƣһ֪ݲ
Ū飬ҶСЦһ룬ﵽ磬ҪЩֱ
ݼظ˶ĶһӰ˵
ظȫâã˿ò·Զһ㣬Ӳʾء
ظǰеϳ˹⣬һ˿ļɵͺ棬֪жûгˣû뵽ξȻ֣µͬʱҲǣҶС絽ʲôˣȻ˳
һԣһֻСһҶĸף˵
ظվգһλһͷܿܿɨһۣȻĿͶҶС硣
ĿҶСͣƬ̣ȻȻ˵ĵӵǲСҵ㶼ɱ
һ·һ㣬ƹը죬ܶ˶߶ֱ죬ǸϽ˺˼ȻŰظҶС磬Ҫô
ڰظ˵ʱ򣬲ɫͿƣҶСѹ˹ȥƶҶС˵첻κӰ졣
ҶСһڹĿ˵ҵӴ⣬ɱߣ˺ɱ֮ȻǸҶ֣ôҪľ򡣡
ظâбųùâ·ҪҶС翴ͨ͸˺ܾãҶСʥ۷Ϊ
һʥصĸô᲻ܵƵӰأѵʲôֶβɣ
Ը㻹⣬Ȼûһ˿ĺ֮ɫظˬһЦ͵
ͻȻظ˫ĿһƽޱȵʵԸǰظֻҪ룬ҲɣΪṩԴ
⻰һΧе˶¶һ֮ɫΪظٻݺݵĳͷҶС磬άȨ֪ظȻ£ҶС硣
ɫһ䣬һҶСĽǰظҲûа취һˡ
ظվգĵȴҶСĴ𸴣һ㶼
ҶСľϣĺŹһ˼ӣʵʲôû˼ǵȴʲô
ҶСûдӦΧ˶Ҫ֪ظά֮һһ˽ȥȨƱȻ죬ҶСȴٳûдӦЩжż
ٺ١Ҿ˵Ϲϰ궼ڸвôͻȻˣԭǿһӡ
Ҳʲô֮
ͻأ䣬һһŮھƹеűӰ˾ƹС
ӰͰһâƣͿòͻܹһߴ࣬ɢһֻϢһĽСʿ϶Ůԡ
ˣظɫ΢΢һ䣬ɲǼͻָƽ˵˵ƣ˹ʲô
˳֣Χ˶ɴ˫ۣ찡ҿʲôάǵͷȻˣֱһ¼
أҲ̫صˣôõһӣȻҲ̣˹һСֵ˵
ߣȷֵģǰظʲôԣһ˵
㷢ֵĲ٣˼ҺûдӦɣ˹ٺһЦȻĿͶҶС磬һסĵͷ
СӣԸԸҿ˹԰룬ұ֤һ֮֮ϣµˣʱԵǲҿԴ˹ҶСʵ
꣬ĹǴ֮ԸҾʥ𣿡ͷΨһŮƿҶС˵
˹ƵĻһΧе˶ˣʲôͷ£ˣ˵ʲôĵط
µĽֻһάСǣûܹͷͬʱ֡
ǵĻҶСЦѣûȫԼϢһǿ䲻󣬵ȴӵΪǶ£ԼһзḻԴԿڶʱͻƵʥؾ磬ʲô磬˭Ҳ޷Ԥ֪
˹ƣʲô˼ʵ
أӦ׵ģǹƽҪȻǶøˣ˵άǻһ˹ٺһЦ˵
㵱͵ϵĲݣһץһѣз߷ߵ
ǻѯһɣԸ˭ز˵
ãͬ⡣˹һڴӦûԥ
˶ĿͶƣѯƵ
˵ջظղ˵ĻҿһɣеһˣƱػάѾٲܹκδģսˣҪǵĴ
仰ɫһ䣬·뵽ʲôһ㣬ԥһ£˵ͷͬ


1692 䲻
άǸѪȵĵط˿ңʵǿǹأ֮ȫͷƽ
еˣܶһֶǷĳЩµˣǵȨˣάǵ˵Ҳеˣ˺ǿЩȨƵˡ
ȻάѾȵĴ꣬˭Ҳ֪ЩȨʲôʱǳ
֮ЭͬҶС磬ΪľܹҶС罫ЩȨƵ࿹⣬ȻҲԭ֮һԭ
˵˵ͷĿͶҶС磬Ŀдһ˿ڴϣ
߰ɣ㣬պһԴŹʣάǶԽ˹ҶС˵Ŀдһ˿͡
ûмһܹ򾲣Ƕˡ
⻰һΧܶ¶һ˿ĽǶ׷̫ˣȻܹͷͬʱУͬʱάоû˸ǡ
ûʹҵҶС翴˿ʵƽ
㻹ʲôܹһĸ֣Ӧøлǻࡣ˹һԻĿһɣҶС˵
ҶСһЦ¶һ˿ζ֮ɫ˿ˣʵǾʸ𣿻˵Ǹʸҳǣ
⻰һ漫Ϊһ˿ҲûУͷ˱䣬û˸Һ˵Ļ
Ƕʥصĸˣһʥ۷˾Ȼ˵ûʸԼȻܲ
Χܶ˶ɴ۾·ԼղĶģôõĻᾹȻˣһͷǲв
˲㣿˹ĿҶСʵͬʱһɿµƱŷҶС磬ҲͷųԼƣµƷ·ҪƬڿռ䶳ˡ
ǡ΢ҶСǰľ
һľʥظֵĿ£Ϊ˷ĩȻҶСȻľϣ·ʲô鶼ûС
һĻ˶ʧ۵ҺͷȻԿһʲô̲ɣܶ뵽
ҶС翴һۣǵĿֲз·ûиоʲôףͷƿһں꣬װйľƿ˲仯Ϊգվ˵֣䡣
䣡
ҶС˵ֵʱһɿµƵһƷ·˯ĲɢŰӹŽϢµƬռƹɲǼը˿ܵľǽȫΪޡ
ҶСһѹͷơ
ҶСƱһ̣ɫ˱䣬ʱǲҶСʲộ˼̵ĲĶԼΪһʥصĸҪʥظֵ𣿴𰸿϶ǲҪ
Ȼʥصĸ֣
ֲôſһάǾֱնɱˡ
ȥѯʹԨ顣
ܶ˶һȻ֮ɫ׷
㾹Ȼʥصĸ֣صĻҪΪʥصĸ֣ͿάĿһУάǲô򵥡ضҶС˵
ҶСȫƣ¶һ˿м֮ɫ˿ܣȻĿͣϣ˵ƾľάǵ𣿡
Ļ£ͻأ䣬һӿߵ۳һĺۼЩۼ·ĳع
ҶСЦһǰ߳һ
䣡
άǶһ£ܶ˶о˻ζǶǲΣάǹûгֹζ
ҶС߳˵ڶ
䣡
άٴκݺݵһ£һʼǴĻôξʵˣά𶯵ٸҶС硣
һĻͷɫ˱䣬ѿޱȣ¶ɵ֮ɫ
㾹Ȼһλ󷨴ʦ𾪵ĿҶС磬벻ףǰ˵ôģȻܹҶСĹ䣬ʱԳꡣ
ô̵ʱڣΪﵽʥأһͨ󷨣¾һ
ҪôضҶСʵƾάǵѹҶСһ£˭֪ԷȻһ󷨴ʦʹӶԷղŵıҪάǻǼ¾Ǿּ䡣
ҶС絭ĿһۣҲʲôֻҪǲҾˣģãв˵ͳΡ
ĸˣ˹ҶСʵлһ˿ľ衣
嶼ʲôɷһ£һԵС䣬ķֲͲҶС翴ʵ
໥һۣͬʱҡҡͷҲǺ
ҶС翴һۣû˵ʲôֱ߳Ҿƹݡ



1693 뿪ӻ
ҶС뿪ͷɫܲÿ׼һҶСģû뵽ҶСȻһʥصĸ֣ʵʵڵĴǵ
£Ҳ޿κΣսĻҲֻܾˣ˵ֻܹܲʲô鶼ûз
ͷûдƬ̾뿪ˡ
άǺܴ󣬵Ϣĺܿ죬һ£ûʮӵʱ䣬˶֪˳ڶһʥصĸ֣ʥصĸ֣ݺݵĴͷ
飬ԽԽаԽԽá
ΪµҶС磬м鿴ˣǶûҵһʵķݣЩڵɷѪζ̫Ũˣ֪˶ˣҶСסķݸͲϰߡ
֮£ҶСֻʩչ츳һþ޴ľάڴ˳
һľΪ޴ֱľڿһݣʱס
ҶСĶͷһҶСסôصķݾ˵ҶСͲﳣסҶСľ޽޴סլ³ססҪһˡ
ҶСסڴķûú󣬾ͷһϢ˭йԨϢԸʥ˽
Ϣһܶ˶׷״̽Ԩ飬ܹúôû֪ԨҶСֻܹĵȴ
죬һŮӻŻŵĴ˽ˡ
ľϵҶС˫Ŀбųâʵ֪ԨϢ
Ůɫ΢΢һ䣬¶һ˿֮ɫҲ֪Ǹұ׷ɱԲܽķ䣬ˣȾңҿԵū
ŮһۣҶС絭˵ҲҪū
ҶС⻰Ů¶˾֮ɫ֪˵ʵԸ棬ͷӣ˵ˡ
ʱһŲֳҶС緿ſڡ
ˣеìܣɲǽߣһָŮӹĶҶС˵
ҶСһɨ˵һ֡
ɫһ䣬Ͻ˵Ϲ
˵꣬ŮһۣȻϽ뿪ҶСǳ֡
Ů¶һ˿м֮ɫ
ʹŰɣҪٻҷеĶҪˡҶСľվ˵
Ůɫһ䣬ҶСٴ˵ҵķв󷨣û˸ҽ֣ͷĵĴŰɣ
˵仰ҶС뿪ˣѾˣûеõκιԨ飬ˣٴȥҲûӴʲôЧ
ҶСһʮɣάǱȥһ·ܶˣǿҶСйͼɵ
ͷҶС߳άǣһС˼ȫ
ǼҶС뿪ղ˾лɳãܽҶСķУ׼Ůӳ֣Ǹոճ֣ǽϵƷ·Ǽһ㣬ŷµֱӽ˺˳ȥϰ֮ԶȻըѣһѪꡣ
һĻ˺ܶˣ֮˶֪ҶСǸڲܹ֣ҲЩƵͶ·˵ıӻ
άһ·򱱣ľıϡïܵĴַ·ǽήһֱʮľ룬ЩԴïܵľȫʧˣȡ֮һƬɳпήľʯ
ʱһƬɳأÿһɳǵһС쫷Щɳڿз裬·һööµİһ㡣
ߣ쫷ԽԽҶС߽ɳضʮľ쫷Ѿޱȿµĳ̶ȣʥ֮µĸôӵи޷档
ȻֻУûڣֻɳУһޣǵӺʹɽײ࣬ȴɽ׾޴Ķ࣬ԻɳΪʳȡɳе
ڻɳУҶС绹˺֣ܶЩﲻΪȡʥ˾ΪΪ
ҶС簴һʮɵľǰߣڸ򣬻عзʲô
ȡʥ˵İɣһôҶСǰߣһֳҶС粻Զѯʵ
ҪҶС˵ֱ뿪
ԽƬɳأûʲôΣգϾΪѾ綥Ĵˣα񾳵ĸ֣ҪȻԱסԼ
һ·ϣ˺ܶҪӵˣܾˣЩ˴ޱȣҶСܹһֶӵĻȻӵǿʵܹһնɱޣȻ֮á
ɳһٹعΧе˿¸߲Ƭɳء
ܵƣռѹҪжеѶȣ˵Խռˣֻܹʵʵڻɳǰߡ
һӰˣȻоԼߵһֱߣʵһȱȽϴߣ˺ܾúŷַԭأ飬ˡ


1694 ޴
ɳ죬һööĥõİ쫷˻һޱȵĳ
ôӵĻУҶСһ˶УĲ֪жϷɳޣҿҶС磬޵ޱȣȻܹҶС̲صĿ
ԽǰԽϡ٣ߵҶСѵһ֡
ҶСǰߣر亮쫷Ȼ·һתĽߡ
мӵɳ˺ܶ࣬ȴЩṹÿһöӨޱȣˮл̺һҶС羪治ѡ
ҶСǰ˶ʮʱͻȻ䣬쫷תСɫɳĮȴһ˪ǶǱ
Ȼû˷磬ˣ˺ܵˣº쾳˵ֱӻᱻ쾳ҲŲ˶೤ʱ䡣
һСʱʱҶС̤һƬԭĿؼһƬѩףƽıԭɽõķᱮ
ոһ̤ϱԭһ˿綼ûˣ䣬ȴǶ˵ĹͷҶСұ֤ʥһصǿߣڣҲ赲סϮ
ߵԭϺҶСˣֱӴ߶ڵڱԭϻУٶȼ죬ֱͬǵһ㡣
ǰеḶ́ҶС翴˺ܶطһֱ˵ܣϢʧ
ֱĲٹǧ꣬ǿȻ·һ㣬ȻҲиոõ֣ЩҶСעģֻһĿĵأԨԭϣٷԽһǴ½ľ޴ɽܹﵽԨ
ҶСǰ֮ʱͻȻһֱӵĸоɢȻֻң㹻ҶСܹˡ
鿴˺ܾãҶС綼ûпʲôⲻҶСüλ
ҶСĿһɨܣͻȻ佫ĿͶ˾֮һСɽ壬оһСɽе죬Ҳ˵ʲôо
ǡͻأ䣬ûκεףɽȻ˿ϲѷ죬ӷ·Ҫѡ
ҶСбųâ·ǲʲôһ㣬ͣ˽Ų
ءɽըѣһööܷĦ˵
𡭡һ޴ĺֿտޱȵıԭϼΪ
ҶС˫Ŀһ΢΢һʱſʲôǸͲνıɽһֻ޴ޱȵİɫޡ
һֻʮɸߣѿЩɣǰɫģǺëƤϾܹǿ
ԴȷݻҪ˫ĿȴбųɫâضҶС磬·ҶС統
;޴󣬷ǿޣһ޿Ա⣬ޣܹԽս
䡭ֻ̧ǰ߳һԭ·ζԭϣһѷѳһ˾ǹƬռڶŤһֳϵϢƬռ䵴
ϢҶСɫ΢΢һ䣬ϢȻеڹǵ۵ֹϢԴ˺ʱ䡣
ʱʱããԭϣܶĸɫ˱䣬һѿޱȡ
ģȻʱ˹
˭Ȼˡ
ҪȥˣɱҪȻԺƬԭͳ׳˽ء
һ˵Щ˵ΪܸߣٶʥصΪ
޴ޱȵ޶ҶСٴεͺһ˫ĿɵϴһӱϢ
ֻΪﵽʥ۷ľޣҶСޱȣôһֻޱȻΪ򵥣ܹôʱ䣬һй֮
ͻȻ䣬ֻ޻ӶצҶС˹̬ĲӬһ㣬·ûнҶС
޻Ӷצʱ򣬾һɾ磬ɾǿޱȣΧγһɹɱ硣
ֿµľÿռ䲻ȣ˻˻
ֻ޵צҶСûϣ뿴һֻ޵жôǿ
䡭ҶСϵƱ˳ھ֮ϵޱȣһɨһȭµȭ۳״ݺݵĻ޵צԶԶȥһֻ˯ŭҶСڴܳƣҪֱӽֵצ˺á
ҶСһȭ޵צײһ𣬺һ죬أ·Ǵ֮ԭϼ˶ˣһɢ䣬·
ҶСαˣһ˺һľ룬ɫޱȣȻֻ޵ķ֮ǿҶСĹƣʥһҲҰҶСһȭû뵽һȭֻһ鶼ûУǿµķ


1695 նɱƤ
ҶСһ¶ûУֻ㶣漴޴бų׺ݵĹâ
𡭡Хһֻ޴ޱȵצӴţ·ǳƵĹԼеķŭ
ȻҲҶСܲһһ룬ԼӴޱȣǰ̫СˣԼһƾܹ˭ܹõԼĶȻֵܹסĹʱ䣬ŭʢ·оԼܵ˾޴һ㡣
ֻ޴ޱȵޣ̧·һĴţֱӿһһӾ͵ҶСǰٴ̧źݺݵҶС˹
ֻ޴ĽƣգƬռ䶼·ˣȻûвҶСͷޱߵҶСѹµľ
ǡҶС˫Ѿ˱УһѷҶСΪӡ
ߣҾͲķжǿ󡣡ҶСЦһƽȻһ䣬ֻƱΪķâɷâֱ֮أնĳعƳ˿ռѹ
ҶС˷·Ϊһվڱԭ֮ϣϢܵ
䣡
ҶСһţпռ䣬ҡֱϣٶȼ죬ǴԽĿռٶȡ
Ϊ޵ľ޴ƴȥ
ۡ
ҶСֱӴ޵ĽƶһѪɢ£ԭ֮ϣһƬѪ죬޵÷
𡭡һֻʹĺҲû뵽ҶСȻˡ
һֻ޴޵ķȷʵ٣ҶСķâ֮ǰľɱɵģնع򣬸˵޵ķˡ
ȻһҶС˲١
ߣǿܹôҵֱڲҶС⣬뵽
ҶС綴ľ޴ƣѪҺ·ֹסһ㣬һֻ޴¾޴ԴĶҶСٴκһӡ
ҶСһէȻʧƬؼ䣬ȫӰ޴̫Ӵˣ͸ҶСٶȣֻܹŭĺУҵĻӶ˫ۡ
ҶСԾԵٶζÿο޶ĳһƣֱӿ˽룬ûһ˿赲
ûõʱ䣬ͻȻ䣬ֻ۾ӡ͡ж͸ѪҶСڵˡ
ЩĴƻꡣ
һһֻ޴ޱȵľ޵ֻгʧ
ҶСһܣȻһһֻ޵ʵȷʵǿĹ⣬ҪԸַǿޣ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣
˼зâ֮²һֻиȥҶСͽһֻϵëƤȫ
ķΪǿһëƤƳƤ£ϣսʱԵֵһֹȻҪŮҪ
һֻϵëƤҶСзâ֮һ̣һɿµһöȭͷСʥ˴һֻڷ˳
һкҶС뿪
ʧȥô£ת˲Ͷһܡ
ҶС뿪ûжãʮӰֻڵĵطɱһƬطʵ̫ҫˣѩ׵ĵϣѪ˺ѩ˵ԡ
ಡǵζֻ޵ʬԡ
ǿһֻѾնɱ֮һ̲סһ
Ѿնɱˣǲˡ
֪ʲôնɱֻޡ
ܹնɱˣѾʥ۷壬߾αһš
ǰһʱ䣬߳Ҳ֪ʲô飬һʱܶ˶ȥˡ
ҪҲȥɣ
ȥ˴ѵǲ֪Ԩжô𣿽ȥ˴ûгġ
Щ۵һԨЩ˵ɫ˱䣬˵һ뿪ˡ
ط˺üˣǿֻ󣬶һȻ뿪ˣܶȥķǱǱȥԨĵط
նɱֻ޺ҶСǰУ;Ҳ˺ܶޣЩ޿һ㣬ӵ߼ΪݣײޱȣȫʰɫҶСΪ
Щͱѩɫһӵڱɳȥ˷ʤ
һ·ǰߣҶС綼֪նɱ˶ֻ
һ·Ҳһ˼飬·;ҶСһʥص֣ȥĵطҲǱҶСвһնɱЩз·𲻷һ㣬ҲʼնɱǱһ㡣
ÿҶСնʱῴҶСһۣ·˵նĶࡣ


1696 
һ·޻ٶǰУֱնɱЩΪʥһصʥزȣʥصĸִڣҶС粻ʹâ֮Լڵ˰ɫĿ顣
һ·ϣնɱİããıԭѪɫһҶСµģһµġ
תۼ䣬˾Ϳԭľͷһ޴ޱȵɽبߣصļ
ҶСٶȲ֪ɽҪԨˡ
ȻѾɽȻҶСһСʱʱ䡣
Ѿ֪ɽΪΰǵվɽʱŷ֣ɽĸΰߴ󣬷·һϣֳ롣
һɲĹϢ޴ޱȵɽɢͷ·ɽѾ¡
ɽϣľߴҶӳΣЩľǼΪͺƷ֣ɽϲбѩɳͺı̲ݵ׺ڻɽϣԵɽޱȡ
ɽͣ˽ŲҶСϸĴɽҲһ
ҽжأʲôͻȻ䣬ӳʵ
ҶСŤͷһۣȻûе⣬˵ľ
û뵽ڱԭϾȻܹĸ֣⡣صһЦҶС˵
ûʲôģҲʥصĸ𣿡ҶС˵
˼һɽô롣
áҶС˵ͷʹӦԼûе⣬һԽɽҲһֲѡ
ҶСӦؾߵҶСߣһӡ
㣬ҴĹζԲа׹һһľƵĴƺ˹
ҶСһӽУƿ򿪣һܰһֹ㣬žˮɢζһ֪Ʒ
ҶСֱӹڣʱ䣬һڴθɢȫıÿһϸҲ˼֡
Ȼϡʹҩ滨ҶСͶл񣬺Ĵ͵
ٺ٣öٶʹһٶֲҩʮ滨ԶصķʽǧγɵģõĹпڸˡؿҶС˵
˶٣¶һ˿źϧˣûϺõƷҪȻˡ
仰ҶС粻ɵ˿ռǸһȻǳˣǾⲻѵõǿһֺ⡣
лġҶС΢΢һЦ˵ҲᣬȻͨ
˴һɽ壬Ȼһȥǵٶȼ죬һǼ׵ľ룬־磬߼䶼˿ռһ˿˿عٶȶȻ޻˵
ˣ׼ʲôͻȻʵ
ԨҶС绺˵ĸ֡
㶣漴һЦ˵Ԩȥ޻أҪСĵ㣬˵Ҳһȥǰ飬˵𣿡
ʲô飿ҶСɻʵ
ɣô飬㾹Ȼû˵صɴ۾ҶС硣
ʲôֵģҲɱЩ޵ģר׼ȥԨûж೤ʱ䡣
ѹˡ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫǰ죬ͻȻһ׹ֱʣ׷ףһЩԡڻеֱΪǣЩ˵һâǴԨġ
ЩΪˣÿ϶ʲôǷ׷׽ԨһҲûг±񣬱һѰһЩһʱ׼ȥߣұ׼һ𡣡
֪ԨϢ𣿡ҶСŤͷʵ
Ԩǽأ֪ģȥ޻أҴûȥغܲ˼˵
ŶҶС˵һµٶȸˡ
û뵽ٶȾȻô죬ҶҪϲˡװ˼˵µٶҲ
ҶСϷɱʱʱʱչ۲ΧϵƸͲЩûһҿġ
һ·ϣһһ߱УСʱʱ䣬ɽˡ
ɽʱҶСסˣɽһһȫͬһľϡ٣ҶӶûмƬޱȣ䣬ǲڵĽ
Ȼһ棬ˣľ죬̿ïޱȣݷ֣ʻʢкܶСдС
ֱ磬ɽΪָ߳֡
ҶСɻĽĿͶ˶ء
ؿЦһ£Ҳ֪ô£˵Խ뱱Խӣ򣬻⡣
ԨӦþǱ߰ɣҶС˫Ŀйâ·𿴴˿ռ䣬ɽԶһɵ
ӦþǡҲŹâ˵
ȥҶС˵һֱӷ£ؽں档


1697 ԭĮ
ɽبԾΰعϵϢɽصɽһӵĻͻȻı䣬񣬲Դ䷱ïѿҶЩŸողɢƬعѾıһ㡣
˴ɽ嶥ԾȻ£ٶȼ죬Щľͱ̲ݷ·һӰƱɫΧǽٺˡ
ǲľڶڶǵٶʵ̫ˣƬѹ޴󣬷յ˱ϾʥصǿߣͶӰһء
ûжõʱ䣬˾ɽ£ɽ±̲𣬹ޱߣ·޾ıɫԭԶڣһһֻԶԶ͸ܵ˾޴в
ƬطǱ̲ԭϵһöߵ㣬붼֪Ԩڡ
ĸֻ治СͻȻ˵
ҶСĿһתʮֶҰУЩΪ͵ĶʥأʱûʥأⲻҶСҰڵķΧѣ˵ĵطɫԭô˭֪жٸ֡
Ҳ֪û˽ȥԨڡҶС翴˿˵
⻹򵥣ߣȥѯ֡˵һȻһʥسڵĸ˹ȥ˶ԷǰҶСҲ֡
غҶСǰɫһ䣬¶˾֮ɫҶСʵ͸ǶϵϢûΣһ֪ʥǿߣɲš
֣ýţһ£ʱ仹û˽Ԩѯʵ
ֻѯʣһȻ󹧹˵һǰˣûгʣµ˶ðգ
أľҪҪȥŤͷҶСʵ
ֻҪԸ⣬ûʲôҶС絭˵׼ȥԨģʲôʱȥһģҪȥȻûʲôһ˶һ
ͲܹܾҲֻ˵˵һƵ˵Ƭ̣Ŀһ˵ȥĻǾߡ
ߡҶС˵һ֣Ԩķȥһ߳ҶС粢磬ȵʵ㻹ȥ
Ȼ˵ȥԵҶС翴һ˵
ˣһΪû˽׼˽ȥسһڳ˵
һɵٶƬĵطȥ˵ľٶ˺ܶ˵ע⡣
ġ
ǿɲһǸ˵ΪѾʥأȻһ˵Ϊ͸Ҳȥ˼Ǹʵ
ߣǰҲʥصĸֽȥҲûгҪһĺá
̲ݵϣЩַ׷ۡ
غҶС·ûһ㣬ǰߣû˾ߵ˺
ƬڣΪžããޱߣ̺һһֻ
âʢЩɫų棬մȾһ㣬Ϊ죬˭ҲóȻԼӴ
һʱһԨǰһޱȿ԰ҲײܹܵǣЩǴһԨɢġ
Ԩһħߣе㲻
Ҫȥ𣿡ǺڶԨһĭʵ
ˣǾ۲һҲ˾޴Σգ˽ȥҶС˫Ŀž˵
һٺ٣һΪҪȥЦһ˵
ҶСҲû˵һԨıԵţ۲ԨԨͿʲôֲ鿴ʲô˾ͷˡ
˳ԭЩ˶ʱף˸ղŲǲ鿴һ£ϾûǸڻûŪ֮¾ͽԨǴ
Ƭз˾Ĵ̽ԨǸûд̽ʲôеϢ
ɳɳɳͻأ䣬ƬããԭϹһ磬̲һƬƬϣһһͬĺһ㡣
ʱ۵˶ֹͣ˵Ƕоһ˿˿ĲԾйŹ֣̺һ˵
쿴Щ̲ݱˡּžУһȵ
˶ȥֻղŻֲѡı̲ݾȻӲҶļ˿ʼƣŸӣ̼ΪǶܹ
ղ˶ע˷磬ûע̲ݣǸѣڷ˲Ծĵط
̲ҡҷȫΪ˿ݻɫ·ı䵽ɪ＾
͸һɺ⣬ǹɺԽԽǿңЩݻƵĲҶ׷ױϣΪһg
תۼ䣬һ޼ʵıɫԭʧˣ·ûдڹֱξһ㣬ͷЩ


1698 Ϊ
Хɳʯһĺⶼܹ˵ĹͷУ˵򻷾ת˲ı䣬ΪһƬ
·뵽ʲôһ㣬ҶСŤͷȥֻɽҲȫЩľȫή·ɳӶѻһڷлΪҡ
⵽ʲôһ£
ѵڸղŵķ磿
飬⻹ֻΧԨڣ˭֪ԨڻʲôµĶ
һȺһ׷һЩ뿪
ղŸо𣿡ؿҶСʴ
ţоˣԨʲôܹıعĶڡҶС˵ղɷ紵ʱҶСͲƬеعڸı䣬·Ƿлʲôµ
Ԩ治򵥣Ҫȥ𣿡ضҶСʵ
ұȥҶСᶨ˵
ǺðɣҺһȥؿҶС˵
ҶС翴һۣĿڣԲ
ҲΪ㣬ԨҵĺģҲ뿴ʲôЦЦ˵
ҶСû˵ɫƬȫһƬڰͷ·ؼĹڰȫˡ
ܶ˾ۼһţǶˣû潻£˴˶ദĺܺ
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ƭغݺݵһ£е˶ֹͣ˵鿴ΧĶ
ˡ
ʱٴһ£·ڸ˸ղŵ𶯲Σʵʵڵһ¡
ؾȻ𶯣ѵҪʲôµ鷢𣿡һͻȻ俪˵
е˶鿴ܵ
ˡˡˡ
Ƭйɵ˭һ㣬ⷽض𶯣˵ҲƵָоʮľ·Ҫ֮һ㡣
¡¡һƵӵ¹ÿ˶ܹܵصĲʲôҪ
ֹУܶж¶һĨֻţδ֪壬ֻŵ
ûһо𣿡صѯʵ
ʲôоҶСɻʵ
ɭ־ĸоصжһ˿΢
ûУڲûгʲôµ飬ȳ˿µ󣬻ɣҶСɫƽ˵йâԥһʵûиоиڶսĸо
ڶսȫûиоҡҡͷ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ͻȻ䣬˵ֹͣˣص¡¡֮ҲֹͣˣȻһӡ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬һɫԶسһƲᴩŽ񣬾֮ϵǶڲ
ʱ䣬ⷽ磬Ӿ֮Ϸ׷׶£Ҫӽٰ㡣
Щ̺ع򣬻оޱȵڻɢܰ㡣
ЩУҶСûиоʲôԾĵطûֹЩ¡
Щֱӽڣһɾ͹ıÿһϸ꣬ҵ͸ޱȣҲ˼֡
һʱ䣬ع͸˼֣·ǻ۴˺ܶ࣬عһǰ֣˸ܹ򵽹
һ˶Ϊڷ
һЩ֪ˣһУӿ׼һڵĻȫ̹ȥһУǣ·һʱһ㣬̲
һӵʱһʧ֮Ϸ׷׶ĻҲʧˣе˶˹һϾź֮ɫ껹ܹ£ǵΪ¶ܹһΡ
һӵʱ䣬ϰЧǿܹһӵʱ䣬Ҿܹͻˡ΢΢һ̾˵
֪ɣ飬Ѿˣ̺ǵӵľӨ͸Ժ档
ô˵Ҷûаһˡ
ЧȷʵãҶСΪֽһ㣬ʵѾʥڵĸˡ
ղŵĻܹСʱʱ䣬ҶСΪܹﵽ߲Բ״̬ʱʥ֮ûĶ֡
ΪҲ˺ܶɣЦЦ˵
㲻Ҳһ𣿡ҶС絭˵
غٺһЦû˵ʲô˶õ˺ôÿ˵Ϊ˺ܶࡣ
ղǵǴԨųģԨбҪҪȥ鿴˵
ȵ˵ɣҪȥĻǴҶһȥһܹиӦ
ڻǰжں£û˸ȥ򣬸˵Ԩˣڻеõ˾޴ĺôǿǰÿһ˶˼·𶼲ٺˡ
ҶСž⣬˼һ飬ܸоЩ֮·ʲôϵһܡ


1699 ܿ
˶׷֮ʱͻȻ䣬һɾ޴ѹƬռ䵴ķƶ貵ǿձ赲ЩƷ·һֻֻһ£˹
һĻһЩɫ˱䣬Ȼ֪ʲôͻΪӾ֮ϵѹܹӦʥ۷ĸ֣ͻƵʥء
϶ڸղǳеõ˺ô
˫Ŀ⣬һӾѰҵǸͻƵˣһŮӣϹؼλڵҶɵ𷢳޷Զ绪͸¶ոͻʥصϢ
ˣȻڸղƬͻˡ
ȷʵˣҲӦõͻƵıԵҪȻڻҲͻơ
Ľ֮ɫĿŮӡ
оôǲǿˣҶСڴŮӣغٺһЦҶСĶ˵
ҶС΢΢һ㶣һЦУҲǺѣҲ󣬾ȻΪȻ½ôڶ࣬治֪ж
㲻ҲһŵľĿҶС˵
ҶСҡҡͷһǫӣⲻһҲ˶ѡ
ҪǿĻҸϴϣΪǾʥ񡣡Ψ²ҵ˵
⻰ҶСһЦǸѾһʥˣѾ㹻ͷˣҪһǻ÷
ˣѾˡҶС˵
νֻҪͬ⣬ûʲô˵ġں˵
ҶСһۣװûӣͻȻ䣬һͷһסˣֻѾΪ˻ĮϾȻһ˿⣬һƺ׳ɳţҲѾʼıˣûǰˡ
ôˣҶС飬һɻӣҲͷȥ΢΢㶣û뵽ƬطĲԭҪָˣ֡
ûʲôֵģѵ˸ղһ𣿡ҶСǺһЦѵ
Ҳǣ̺ǿعܹıЩҲ֮УҿƬԭ֮ԴھΪԭ򣬸ղŲԭʧӦˡž˵
Ӧ
ʱΧ˶һĻǶ۸ͣҶС罫ĿͶ췣Ůӡ
ҶС翴췣ǿҲǺܶ࣬췣ÿζôĺƴ󣬷·һ㡣
ûж೤ʱ󣬾֮Ϻɢȥ¶췱ǣŮӲһˣںޱȣ˽̿ǶҲ˽ɫ
ǡ΢һ㣬һѺ۳֣۵İ׹ɢ·Ƭء
էȻ䣬׹ʧŮȫ۳ɵİɫɴУϹâתǶҲתŹâ̬ѣͬ
ʱΧ˶˵׷Χ˹ȥ˵һдϲĻ׽Ͼ˼Ѿͻˣùϵ󣬶Ժкôġ
ŮӲ䲻ȵĺǴк󣬽ŲҶС˹һ
ɷϣŮӶһּΪʥĸоɰšʥ
лǸղûг֡Ůߵ׵ĵطͣ˵֮ǴƶƮһ㡣
ΪͻʱһЩ֮ģƻ˼ҵͻƣԷֹвȨ
ǻûһ֮غٺһЦ˵һ£λľǶأϲΪͻơ
лҽзܿŮ˵һ䣬ȻĿͶҶС硣
ϲ㡣ҶС絭˵һ䣬ûжԡ
ҶСֻ˵֣Ů΢΢һ㶣Ȼû뵽ġ
ô˼ҽһԼʱ䲻ҶС˵
ҶСݺݵĵһ۶أղѾҽˣһʲô
㣬ң˼ҽ㡣ضҶС˵ȴ¶һ˿ֻ֮ɫ
ˣѾ֪ˣľǰɣܿҶС˵Ǹǣ
һƫƧСѣֵһᡣҶСƵ˵
仰ܿ¶һ˿ĺ棬ΪѾͻˣҶС粢ûйϢ׾ͿҶСҲôСȴΪѵƫƧС䳤󲻳ɣȻš
۳һţ϶ǶݶϷ
˶и˵Ȧӣʥصĸ־ԲȥЩʥصģΧһţҲʥصΧһΪǸоԼûǸʸ
ӺͶغͷܿУҶСоǻԣַǳ̱ˣʱҶС͸оһִѵкܶ˶ںɵ


1700 ͸¶
ʵ飬ѾЩˣУеЩܵͼôôǸ߸ϣ߸ϵˡ
أҲͬ뷨֮ܶһ仰֮ͬ䣬Ųɵ͵ìܣⲻòĲ죬Ĳܡ
мܹҶСв
ʱһȥתۼ䣬Ѿˣ˻϶ദˣ֮Բ뿪һǻԥҪҪԨܹһꡣ
½½˺֣ܶЩ˶ǱһģЩУ붼ʥ߰صĸ֣Ȼʥǿߣһʥغڵģʥڵģʥسڡ
һƬԭϣܹѡжٶ֣Ϊʥصĸࡣ
ôĸ֣ҶСһ̾Ļ۹Ȼ£һΪ߾Ļʵ̫ˡ
ȵ˵峿ҶСʵڵȲȥˣǱ߻һ̯飬ҲڹǵǱߣ˵СڣҶС绹ǲġ
׼ȥԨˡҶС˫ĿĶغͷܿ˵һ䡣
ͬʱ˫ĿɫĹâ϶¶һ˿𾪡
Ҫȥٵȵȣѯʵ
ȥҲܵˡҶСҡҡͷ˵
ܿһ˿֮ɫһ˿ĺ棬ȥԨҪ飿
ҶС˵ͷ˵ҾһĶ
ʲô˵ҿ԰㡣ֱڿĶʵ
ҶСԥһ£Ÿòý˵ȥףһ˵˳ȥ»ܶԨ˵ЩҪһ̤α񾳵ĸҲǰϾ̫֮Ҫˡ
룬ҶС绹ǻ˵֮
ǷݲȫĵͼϿԨǳ󣬲ҳΣһȥѰң֪Ҫҵʲôʱ򣬻˵ȥæѰңЩ˺ǿ󣬵ҶС粢£һλ󷨴ʦ
ʲô֮⻰ɫ䣬ֱӾ˳Χ˶ˡ
֮⼸ֺеɫһ䣬һжҶСУɻѯʵǶ֪
˶֪£Ҳ֪ǰǶǰ֮Ǻܾúܾǰţ½һ֮ʱֶܶ׷ȥѰңѰǧ꣬ÿһضˣǻûѰҵȥкȥѰңû뵽֮ȻԨҲѹˡܿ˵ҶСһۡ
Ϣɿ𣿡صѯʵ
ӦÿɿǵĴһλʱִģû˵õĻλʼϢһȷˡҶСƵ
˲ûѹΧ˶ˣɫϱã֪Щʲô
Ҫ֮ʲôѵҪͻǸ磿ʵ
βֲҪ֮ΪҩҶС̾һ˵
ʲôȻôȻҪ֮ҩ
ܵع˺˵Ǳϲ䡣ҶСƽ˵漴ɫᶨޱȣұҵ֮
ҸһȥģҵõҲһֵġֱӿ˵
ҲȥܿҶС˵
ҶС˵ͷվߡ
˸ովһʹ𣬡һ¡
תֻʥصĸ˹
һ£ղ˵𣿡ʥغڵĸ˵
ҶСüƺЩõ˵ѡš
ʥغڵĸɫ΢΢һ䣬¶һ˿ŭɫȻһЦǸҲʣҲȥԨһ߰ɣϾԨޱȣһȥܹ໥Ӧһ£ģ˭õ֮һ֣ϾϢṩģҪá
غͷܿû˵ĿͶҶС硣
ҶСװһ˼ӣܾ֮ŵ˵ͷͬ漴ĿͶˣ˭Ҫȥģ
Щʥذصĸһ㶣벻ҶС羹Ȼ
ȥ
ȥ

ܶ˷׷׿˵ҶС翴һ£Ҫȥ˾Ȼһһʮ֣ʣ˶иֹǺʥصĸ֡
һĻҶС粻̾һ֮󰡣Щ˱ԨϾ̫ΣˣһԨ֮׷ǰȥ
֮ӵĪܹ֮֮ͻƵ񾳣񾳣Ϊἱӣûֵܹסջ
֮ҶСһһһʮ־뿪ˣԨȥΪ͵Ķʥڡ
ҶС˽Уһ˵ߣǻȥ´ȥ
ԣһҪȥܶ˷׷׸͡
ಡһӰʧﻹ˼Ӱ
һ޴ķ籩עҪϯ½


1701 
ԨɢŸݰҶζҶСһһһʮˣȫԨıԵ
ȷʵһ޴ԨǶħſĴڣҪһ£ǹĺо͵ӣһ뵽֮ջһжӴ˺ܶࡣ
ҪȥɣſǳԨһҺʵ
ǰɣһָҶСǾʥصĸ˵
Щ֮ԸҶС磬ΪΪҶСӵԨĵͼϾҶС˵ϢʼĻϾʲô
ϧǲ´ˣҶСһûһûʲôõĶ
ȥҶС翴˿ߵĶغͷܿ˵ȻһԾ£ԨȻֱȥģɽڵĻɫʯϣƶ
ϾһƬѹ޴󣬲ܹշУҲֱܹ£Ͼ˭Ҳ֪ǸжóȻж
ҶСĶغͷܿٺˡ
Ԩɽ쳣Ĺ⻬ץסÿζҪȥ֧ţҪȻ»ֱӵȥȥ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô顣
ʱվԨȥͻ֣ᷢһ׵ұϣ·ǰҹеĵƹ⡣
ҶСٶ죬תۼͺʮ׵ĸ߶ȡ
ͻȻ䣬һرǿ󣬷·ƬƬУҶС·죬ж̷Ϸڣ嶼·ҡΡ
һŶһ㣬̶ұϣμƶ
ͻȻ䣬һţҶСͿ˴ɽϵȥ˹ǣֵȥ·Ȼܾöû
һԨǸ޵ԨһӦǳʲôʣһĻ˵ɫѿ
˵ȥǰ֮˸˾裬СŲơ
ɽϣƶоʱ죬Ҳ֪˶ãһ꣬ʮ꣬ҶС綼о˿˿ƣͻȻ䣬ое㲻ԾΧƺܾһ㣬ûһһʮ˵ơ
ѵԼǵľ̫ˣҶСûԼٶһֱǾȵģѾѹĺˡ
ͻȻ䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬һԱһԼж˴ڡ
ľ
£һ𣬡ء
ܿ

һҶСĬĬ˾ʮʱû
ÿжֻоʮ˱Լʲô˵ֻʣ˾ʮˣ˶Ե޹ʵʧˡ
ǲʲôûУҶСٴδһʵ
õĴÿ˶ûע⵽ʲô
ȻĿǰҶСܹɢһңҲһֱɢοЩ֮ǳҶСԲ
ģʲôͻȻ䣬һŭĺ洫
е˶ֹͣƶ
ôˣҶСüʵ
֪ղͻȻоǱˡһŲ
һ㡣ҶСѯʵ
ղһ˿΢ȻͻȻʹһ¡˵ţͻȻ䣬ûǵӶ˵һ㡣
ô£ֹȥ±ҪŪ򣬿²ǴɽȥȫˡҶС˵
ҾȥͷһҶСóһŮӵ
һ󣬰һдһ˿ľ֣·𿴵ʲôµĶһ㡣
ôˣʲôˣиѯʵ
աղǸֻʣһƤŮӵֲÿжһɺ⡣
עⰲȫҶС˵һֽͬʱȻȥһӾʮ׵ľ룬䣬ҶСһӾͳԡ
ȥףѣһСľͻȥؼڻڴ
ҶСʵ
ŮеƳһʮ֮ĵط
ŮӵָʾȥҶСɫһ䣬ֻһȫͨģ䶼ܹɽڣڵļͷȫʧֻʣһƤ
ҶСŲұڣתǰйâһ˹ȥ
ۡһ̥ڷһ㣬ֱӸɱҶСϸ˿˿ֵ֫϶Żɫ
ҶСɫ΢΢һ䣬˵һ·оʲôطԾԭЩҪˣһЩҲǿĹԡ
˫Ŀųһ죬һɿЩұѷӶһӾͱҶС˳
ʱЩҶ;ĵطȻ³һööޱȷļ̣Ƶļһ㣬Ĺâ֪жġ
һ䣬һɫƥһֱӾͻΪ˷ĩѪꡣ
ҶСѾˣղǸ˵ʲôһ£ļˣעĳֶҺ˵񾭣ͬʱ˵ļͷ࣬ȫΪѪˮ漴ա


1702 Ѫ
ҶСĶ︽˶ˣһĿɿڴĿһĻ˭Ҳû뵽ֱΪһƤľȻҷ
СĵɽϵЩĶղֵЩú˽ƶһܹиӦҶСһ䣬ȻĿͶŮӣСĵ㣬߾衣
ϣҶСһɣ»ʮҵľ룬ҶСץסұڣЩУҲֻҶСӣΪͥγӤûС
ӤĿǿ˺ܶ࣬˵һΧڵĿռ䣬ƿأҶСһȥģٶȻἫ죬˭Ҳ֪Ԩжʲô⣬ҶСֻýٶѹƵĺܵ͡
ûö೤ʱ䣬ҶСӰͳ˷ܿߣصλҲǺԶһиʲô飬ܹӦ
ûΪЩ˾𣬲ǣȨľ½ύһЩѡ
ŮѡҶС˷ܿԣСֹȻСǱˣ붼֪ġ
ܿϸֳ˵ĺϼ˲䣬ͻָ˹װȫûӡ
ҶСŤͷݺݵĿ˶أһǹ˷ܿߵģֱǡóߡ
ιľЩʧǲҲұЩģͻȻ䣬ѯʵ
Ԩ̫ˣعȫͬ˭Ҳ˵ʲô鷢ҶСҡҡͷ˵ǳ֮ɫ
ͻأ䣬ҶСɫ΢΢һ䣬ѵСһ㣬ӡ
ҶСѣÿ˵ٶȶ˺ܶ࣬ȷʵӣͬʱһ֮Ԩ淢·Ҫ˳ȥԨȽǿԭ
Ԩʵ̫ˣҶСоѾȥ˺ܳܳʱ䣬Ȼûеײ¡
ҶСƶʱͻȻ䣬ٶ轵¶ɻ֮ɫ鿴ұкܶ͹飬ÿһ͹˵ԴôС·̨һ㣬֪ΪʲôҶСЩʱһֲõԤС
ôˣҶСߵķܿҶСı仯ɻѯʵ
ûʲôҶСЦЦ˵»ûŪҶС粻˵Ŀֻš
ҶС粻˵ܿҲûʡ
Щ͹Ĳж׵ľʱҶСеĲԽԽǿˣȴ֪Ϊʲô·һƬұϸû˿ȴһΣУҶСɻ󲻽⡣
ûиовԾĵطͻȻ䣬ܿʵ
ôҲоˣһΪҵĴأԶĶЩãȻ˵
˵ĻҶСһͻƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ץסʯڣһֳɹ״צ̺ǿݺݵʯץȥ
ʯڷ·Ƕһ㣬ҶСָ˽ȥȻݺһץһұϵʯͳС
ݡһףǿȭͷһСʯ̺мǿݺ·Щ͹ʯȥ䣬оЩʯ͹ʯй졣
ۡѪɽһ͹ʯƣȻųѪ̫죬ɲǼ䣬ҶСɫˣУһ鱻Ƶ͹ʯתһ޴ӣչһҡ
һĻҶСɫѿޱȣôһ͹һֱĻô͹˵ֻ뵽һʱ
ҶͣסСĵ㡣ҶСѵ
𣿡ܶ˶ظһ䣬ƺЩɻ
ҶСŤͷ˿ַܿͶжɻ֮ɫʱ𲻹Ľзѣ˭֪ǽʲôأ
ҶСһһֺޣΪ£ȫǻҺɫϳë޺ơ
ҶС󣬶ط·뵽ʲôһ㣬΢΢һ漴ɫѿޱȣѪ𡣡
ȻѪ𣡡ܶ˾˵¶һּɵ֮ɫ
Ѫ𣿡ҶСɻĿ˶ء
ѪѾ꣬û뵽Ȼֶ֣Ϊ£Ѫιʳ쳣Ĳ̡
ǵצӡǿĹԣЩΪؼģǻһּܣлᷢһֹŹֵܹ˶ݻѣɫؽ͵
˵˰ϲ࣬ȴǿ̫ˣѪ𣬺֣ҶС
֣жѪ𣿡ؿҶСʵȻΪҲʥأǵͥû۳ӤԼΪǿĵطûа취չʶ鿴ʲô
ҲֻҶСܹʹá
ʮ֮ɣҶС鿴һ˵
˻ҶС仰ܶ˶һʮ֮ǿĶ鰡
һ鷳ˡ΢΢һ̾˵


1703 ÷
ݶصĽͣѪӦǷһܹ겨˵깲񣬴ӶӰ쵽˵״̬
ԣѪǺڷѪɫѪɫģȫǳѪڷȫʻҺɫǽı֣Ѫӿ¡ʱܿͻȻ˵ɫޱȡ
ܿĽͺ󣬺ܶ˵ɫѿ
֨ͻأ䣬һƳɿգ·Ԩлص
ڡһ˴һֻڷһ˿״̬Ϊԭӣֻӷ·ǳѪģ˱Ϣ
ڷ·Ͳʮǿķ٣ڷĳգۼ䣬Ѿ˺ҶСƽеһˮƽϡ
ͻȻ䣬ڷ·Ƿʲôһ㣬ɫУų׹⣬˶ɨһ飬һģ˷¡
֨֨֨Ϊٶ
ʱҶСܵ·ղЩڷڳ˯ȫ˹״̬
֨֨֨һ𣬸ߵӦʲôһ㡣
áЩÿаɵýϾֶպգɲǲµġ
ϽۼҪɢһἯҶСеͷˡ
ҶСĻû˷ԣϾҶСҲΪǺãҶСĻ󣬺ֿܶƶΣԾۼһСŶӡ
Ͼ໥֮ľеҪȫ£Ҫܳʱ䡣
ҶСۼʮ֣ʥصĸĶʥء
ҶСķԸһʮ˰ڳһâǵͣڹҲڷ
ڡ˸ովۼһһֻֻڷұϷӭϡ
Ǿʮʱ˲ſǵӡ
ȻǺڷ𡣡ܿɫһ˵
֨֨֨Ľ˵ĶĤһʹ
ĺڷͷƤһ顣
ǿҶСˣ·Ƿһ㣬ɫ׹¶ҶС˹
ЩڷΪߣΪߵĲʥأǵצ̺ĹΪǿ󣬷·һƬռ䶼Ϊ֮
֨֨֨һ𣬴ſµĳ˵궼һѣ
ʱЩڷѾ˵ǰĿռ䡣
ҶСһ죬ƾһն·նգۡʱ䣬ʮֻڷͱն룬ȥ
Ҳ׷׶֣óǿĹܿĹʮţҲʮֵǿһɰɫ۳乭֣𣬷·ǰɵһ㡣
һռ£˹γһ֧һɣһ֧˳ȥ·Ǵ͸һ㣬ʮ֧СͻȻ֡
顭ʮֻڷȫըѣѪٶȷǳ죬һӣܹʮֻ
صĹй۳˿ߣݺݵи˹ȥɱҲǿˣͨնɱЩڷ
һҽһִӶ˳£ҶСľۼһǰ˺ҧֵѪ⡣
ĲҽëȻ·оҲкڷ˺ҧԼһ㡣
Ƭ̼䣬־ͱΪһ߰ɫĹǼܣȥ
ѪϷɽĺڷ£Щڷ·ֹһ㣬նɱ꣬һһʴӡ
һץұڣҪǹǿ磬ʵܵ˺ܴơ
һСʱʱ䣬˶֪նɱ˶ֻڷÿ˵϶͸¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫ
̶һСʱʱ䣬кöȫڷˡ
ȥУôĺڷ¶Ҫˣʲô취ûУһնɱźڷһ߶ҶС˵
ҶС󣬲ûش˼УһСʱնɱĸ첲е㷢飬ɫƣնɱ˴ĺڷ𣬵ȴĺܴ
ֻܹһúڷԼˣڶٶȵԨײܹӳȫʵЩɶĶȫնɱ
ְ취ֻеһܹϣúڷԼ˼ѣ֪ʲô취أ
ҶС缫˼ţͻȻ䣬ĿͶЩĳҪܹǶɲͺˡ
ϸĹ۲ţûжú۾һЩڷĶйصģŷĺۼڶҲ˵ֻҪܹƬؼķҲͻҡ
뵽ҶСǰһƣһƴǻεģⷽռķ
顭ʮֻڷеĺڷͻأ䣬ײˣֱӵ¡
Լ뷨ɹˣҶС¶һĨϲɫѵƬеķǾͻҷɣײ϶ɴ


1704 Ϣ
ҶС⻰˶ǰŰɣѡţϾĿǰ˵˭ҲûжԸЩڷİ취⻹һԭǾҶСһЩ֤ҶСĳЩ޷ġ
ãһ𹥻ȿڵʥغڵǿߣڵĶУһʥǿߣʮʥصĸ֡
ղźڷĹһһЩˣΪһΪߵˣϺܹҲסȻЩɶڷش
һ𹥻˷׷˵ͬʱ˶ԼǿĹȫա
䣡
µ˳һ㣬âҫ죬Ƭռ伸Ťǿ˲ˣӰ£ûйɿѭ
ЩսĺۼеĺڷһֻֻǺ˾һ㣬ҡҡλΣ·ͷӬҷɶ
ءкֻܶڷȻײֱըѣѪ׷ףͬʱȥ
Ƭյĺڷʵ̫ˣܶҲܴԭ򣬺ڷһƬһƬҶСãǺǿϷһ㣬һĻһЩŭֺȻ֣ĸҡ
һڳһŵļС
İ
ԨÿһΣء
ڷΣʱԽ˶΢΢һǷ׷̸
ûжúЩڷʣͲˣڸо˿ֲһֻֻޱȣϽֲʯϣһΪԭ̬·ûһһ㡣
Щڷ˼򲻹ʱ򣬾װ񣬿ϧѾʶˡ
ǼȥɣҶС˵һ䣬һƶҶСһ˶û˿ԥȥ
ǲնɱЩڷ𣿡ѯʵ
ȻѾó·ΪλҪǵĿġҶС絭˵Ҳûнʲô
֪ʣЩûһὫϢݳȥʱһдǰʣĺڷЩðɣ
ҶСĲ²һ㶼ûдЩûҶСʧЩ˴Ƭԭ뿪ֻҪ֣ͻὫ֮͸¶ȥ
ں̵ܶʱڣ֮Ϣһϯ壬˵ÿһ䣬ÿһе˶֪顣
ϢݵάʱһЩ˴סˣǶɵ뵽һˡľǸͷ˰ġľ
ȻҶСҪȥԨάǿǴķзϢһÿ˶뵽еĹϵ
ѵľʱȥԨΪ飿пܣΪ飬ôͻȻȥԨ
Ԩ֮Ϣݵ˵ʲôԨʱʱһܹ꣬Ϊ
ܹΪĻ֮꣬嶼Ӧ˵ĸ֡
֮£ôزסģ塢֪һϢ
ϢһеĴսϢģѵ˺ƽʱΣǶķ֮ϡ
ֶܶ׷ǰ壬ȥľʥظˣԸǿߣĸҲһΣȻܹ赲һ赲ƱͬԸ壬ʱҲԶˡ
˵彫ۼ塢ĸ֣Ĵ½ҲΪִڵء
񲻹ܽôע˻
ʱһŮҲ˵£Ƕ̲סĵôĸ־ۼ壬ҶСİΣأ
֪һĴҵٸ߾ҶСʱ֪ǻʲô
һ֮ϣͯͺʫľܿһ߶Ȼеʱ䲻ǣľܿѾؼ
ҶСĸ׵˵еŮ˾Ӧö߶
ʫ㲻Ҫ춼üģСһûµġͯһԵĺʫο
ĿŰĺʫ˵ͷ
ҿʫе񣬹ֲС۰ľܿһЦģǣ𵴡
ѾҪĸˣһÿҶСĸ׶Ȱ˵ľܿһ㡣
ҶСĸ׵ľܿϱǲģΨһľ̫ˣǸŮ˵Ļܹߡ
Сÿ˶۰ʫ˵
ǫ飿ÿС翴Ϳǵ񶼲һǲҲҪҪĻСˣһ㣬ֻҪСһܾģʱȥ˼һأľܿһЦ˵ƺԹ
ȻϤľܿԸ˶֪ľܿװġ
⻰ʫһűɽˮҪϸֳһ˿΢죬гһ˿ڴ
ͲҪ˱˻ԣСܵĻôбͯЦЦ˵
һ֣һľܿȻ֮ĸԵĹԴ󷽣Сһֳɾ͸С
Ҳ֪СϲϲŮӣľܿȻ˵
Ϊĵһӣܲϲڴðȫع顣ͯ˵
ʫľܿ㶼˵ͷ


1705 ײ
Ԩ޾ӿҶСһȻұƶҲ֪˶ãҶСͻȻƶо·˼ʵĵ档
ʱ䣬ҶСͣȥĿըԣ·ֱӿ͸·
Ԩ·Һɫôܼˣܼȱ˵Ұʮ׵ľ룬ӣѾͨ˿Ӿࡣ
ôˣܿɻʵһ·ƶ˶໥ţμ䶼Ϥ˺ܶ࣬ҶСλҲ࣬ڼ˵Ѿ˺ѡ
ѾҪﵽԨˡҶС絭һЦ˵
Ļܶ˶ˣǶͷȥʼ·ľʱһһӾʮ㣬·ʲô鵤ҩһ㡣
һ·ʵ̫ˣͣŲƣһҪָ߶Ⱦ裬˼ֱҪˡ
񿴵ڵĿĵأܲ˷ܣܲأ
ڷȻҲûʲôΣգ˵ľ߶ȼУһַ˸о
ҪĿĵˡ
ǰеһʯͷ
һһҪúϢһôʱ䣬ƣ
ʱֳƵջԾÿ϶ҳЦݡ
ѾҪԨˣôˣܿŤͷҶСʵ
ʲôֵø˵ģһξˣǵ·ܳҶС侲˵仰˵꣬ϻ¶Цݣ˵ұƣ
ܿ㶣漴һЦһĨ֮ɫ
͵͵˵ʲôǳȥҾҪΪǾʥףˣٺ١ʱͻȻ˵
ܿһŰһϷɳһĨ΢죬ҶСһۣȻָ֮ɫ
ʲô飬һ˵ͱζҶСŤͷƳһ۶˵
ҡ⻹Ϊһί˵ұ֮û뵽ȴ
ҶСһЦҡҡͷʾƶ
ʮӵʱҶСѾܹȫĶˣһұ·Ǽʵޱȵģһ˿Һڵĵ棬濴Ӳޱȣʯͷ̳һ㡣
ҶСһɣԾȻ£ܴ󣬿ռѹҲܴ󣬵Ȼӯޱȣȵ˵ϡ
ɣûµġŶغͷܿͷҶСЦЦ˵
Ҳ
ﻹ֣ĹһȻô󣬿ռҲʵ˺ܶ࣬ǹ졣󣬶ü˵
ҪȻôԨأҶСЦЦͻȻЦʵûиоһһռ䣿
һռ䣿ظһ䣬漴۾һôһ˵һе񣬺Խɽع˺ܴĲͬ
һ硣ʱܿ˵Ƭա
û˵ͻȻ䣬ϰɫâƾնȥռ𶯣ҡΣ˲ͻָ
ۡһǳҺɫĵϳһۡ
һĻ죬ﻹڲͬ棬һֵȥܹӰ췽ԲһϻһֻܹӰ켸ʮףҲһѷѡ
ʱе˶ұһ͵ȶϢ
ҶСĿһɨеأʣʮˣʱһһʮˣұȻʧʮ֣ԨҲ̫˰ɣ
ҲϢһɣܿҶСͶһۣȻ󰲾վϢ
ҶСҲվտռеĸָӵ
ΪԨл϶ǸҲ˵ﶼаһĶ
һСʱңҶСѾָ۷״̬˫ĿŸ
ʱǰһҺɫ磬еһжǻҺɫģǻľʯ
ԶɽɽģǸһһ㡣
һһƬʯ֣νʯʯѻɵ׵ʯʯγһƬʯ֡
ûж೤ʱ˶׷Ϣˣһ໥һӡ
Ǽʥصĸ֣ҶС໥ġ
߰ɣղŵǶұڲһСѣǰ滹кܳ·ǣұھʮ·̣ҪСġҶСĿһɨ˵ȻͶءܿ˲߽ʯ֣˽ĸ˺棬·±һ㡣
һƬʯַǳУ·𶼷ֲ˷򣬵һģһľ£˲еķҡ
˺ܾã˻û߳ʯ֣һе㲻ͷˣǶԴˣҲ취
治֪Ҫߵʲôʱ򡣡
ѵҪ·ˣ
пܣԨΣҪСġ
ܶ˿˵
ľѵûԨľͼʲôϢ֮ĶʱʥغڵĸͻȻʵ
ʲô˼ҶСͣס˽Ųüͷʵ


1706 ƶʯ
ҪᣬҲûʲô˼ֻǲǵﵢʱ䣬ʵġʥغڵĸɫһ˿΢΢ε˵
ҲûйԨľϢҶСҡҡͷ˵
ʥغĿҶСһۣҶС粻˵ѵӣ˵ȻǼ߰ɣ
ҶС絭Ŀһ֣ЦЩ˻ḷ́ΪӵйԨľϢŵӵеĻ˭ɵĽ֮͸¶ȥ
ʯַ·ޱһ㣬˺þöû߳жһ˿֮ɫǶоһƬʯֺܲ򵥡
ףֻصԭλãܰɣͻȻ䣬һ
ҶСŤͷȥȴһʥصĸһ֮ɫĿһʯ
ô£һʵ
ǰǰߵĹУʯϿҵ֣û뵽Ȼˡʥصĸֽһ䣬ͱ͡
Ϊܹﵽ־ĶǱˣǺܿƬʯо޴ڣһɫѿ
ѵ󣿡˵
붼ˣҪȻôܹصԭءһ˵
ҶСüͷ룬Ȼ⣬ȷʵе󣬵ҶСһּΪصĸоͲ󣬱Ͼһλ󷨴ʦ
룬ҶСһԾ£һվһʯϣܣҰУһ޼ʶʯͿĶʯڶˡ
һӵʱҶСһƮ
㿴ʲôʵ
˶ĿͶҶС磬Ŀгڴ֮ɫ
ҶС΢΢һ̾ҡҡͷⲻһԻô򵥣һͲһԻھʲô󷨣Ǽߣܹ
㶮󷨣ܿĿ΢΢һʵ
漰ҶС絭ЦЦǼߡ
˵꣬ǰȥھÿһʯʱᰴ˳򣬿֡
̵ٶʮʱҶСͣǰʯϿһ֣ʮ
ⲻղ̵𣿲˳ôһˣɻ˵
֪ȥ֪ˡҶСϴһ˿Ц˵
ҶСûٶȿκε֣һ·ϣ˺ֵܶʯЩֶҶС̵ġ
һǰߣҶСһ߲ɫĽЩֶԺУǰٴСʱʱ䣬ҶСͣ˽Ųǹҳһ˿΢Цƺá
ôˣɻʵ漴۾һѵ֪ô߳ˣ
ҶСҡҡͷڻ֪ôһ¡
Ŷôһ£
˶ҶС磬ҶС˵
һƬʯָͲʲôԻԻ󲻹ܱߵĸϰӰǵ·ôߣصԭλá
ǣղҲصԭλˣµѾ˵һСһɻʵ
ҿµǲǰһ˳򣿡ҶСʵ
ǡ
ͶˣǻصԭĵطʯϵҲӦǰµǣȷʵµģԭĴֻһǾЩʯܹƶģǲǻصԭλãΪʯƶЩʯǲŻԼصԭء
Ȼʯڶ̫˰ɣе㲻ŵʵĿͶһʯôûиоʯƶ
ܹоκ˶߳ƬʯˡҶС絭Ŀһ۶˵
ٺ٣ľ֪ʲô󷨣ѯʵ
Ҳ֪ʲô󷨡
ʲôҲ֪ЩʧĿҶС硣
Ȼ֪ǲһҾͲܹ߳ȥ󷨾ﵽһˮƽ󣬾ͿԼˣ󷨶ǸԼع⣬ĳֻشġҶС͵
ʲô󷨣ֻҪܹ߳Ƭʯ־ˡν˵
û⣬ǵһϸ˼һ¡ҶС˵һ˫ĿԺУղż¼Щµһ֣·̺ʲôһ㣬ЩԺת·ĳַʽ
ʮӵʱҶС˫Ŀ˫Ŀų۾һգգĿԼ۵ɵЦЦЦ˵ѵҵѾֵزŮͨԣ
˰ҶСһۣҶС仰˶
Ѿҵ·ˣ۾һ˵һʼʯƶһƬʯߣ̫ˣ˭оһζ
ţѾҵˣߣٶҪ죬Ҫߴ·ҶСѵȻǰȥܿθš
ҶСߵĲһֱߣʱʱңۻҡ
Сʱʱ䣬ҶС罫˴ʯ֣ոһ߳ȥ˶һ
㲢Ƕ漰оĺ˸˵Ҷ˽һЩǸͿЩͻȻ䣬ҶСߴһ
һǷܿģһ˿΢΢ĵƤ
ҶСװûӣĿǰ


1707 
߳ʯֺ󣬳ǰһƬһ޼ʵأԶҺɫɽʣɽ壬ȫûɫʣһֲʵĸо
ҲǻҺɫģŻҺڵĲҶһùζʲôɽˮܹ
Уͷֲ巽ܶһģûа취б
˶ҶС緢ߵʱҶСͻȻתˣ׼Ǹߣ
΢΢һ㶣漴ɫе㲻̫Ȼ֮Իһ·ҶС磬ΪǾҶС֪֮ȷλãϸ˵ȥһ
ǻǸ߰ɣϾҶһġʥغڵĸЦЦ˵
ðɣȻԸţǾǰɣ˵һ£Ҳ֪֮֪ĻὫ͸¶ȥҶСЦһƳһۣȻȥ
һʼţҶС˵һ仰ɵԴ΢΢һת֪ҶС뷨ҶС޷Ǿ
ͻȻ뵽һ⣬˶֪ˣ»кܶԨѰұĵطǵ֮أ˭Ҳ˵
ʱҶСѾһŲȽͻȻ䣬ҶСɫһ䣬ոսȥˣȵĵط࣬Ƭлһ֮·ҪҶСȥ
ΪΣյľǷֲʵأ̶б
ҶСһŤֱƶʮ׽ŲŲȵʵϡ
Сĵ㣬е̶д֮ҶС翴һѵ
ҶС¹âɫâ۳һ·ǻѩһĶϣ΢΢һͻ˶ʮ׵ľ롣
û뵽ҲܹáҶСֻǱһԵ̬ȣû뵽ȻС
ʱ˶ҶС߽أؿҶС缫ΪǰһʡӣҲѧҶСӣ۳˻ѩӵĳιâ΢΢һǰȥ
˵ӣ˶׷Ч£ɵϲŻԼʵߣİ취Ϊʡİ취
תۼ䣬һ˾ѾǰеĿ˺ʯ֣һǷ۵糸һѡһУٶȼ죬·ȫںЩ̶
̶СʱֱٶȾͳ˹Ͳ̶
ҡͻȻ䣬һҶС粻ͣ˽Ų˺һ˫Ѿһ޴̶С
̫ˣעӦע⵽ġ
ϵ½ΧֱַɫâϣһҪǸǹ̫֮ǿˡ
һҶС΢΢˼һֱƾһռֹ
ۡʥظֵ˫ȴӽ״ֱӱնϣ˳
ʱ˿ڴ׹ҫת۽ͳֻ½ţɫѿޱȣΪ³ֻţ˺ܶ
ллֿ˿ΧͶмĿ⡣
ҶСĵ㣬ƬĲͬӵпµҸСʥغڵֿѵ
˶˵ͷľǰȥ
ͻȻ䣬һҺɫӰӴһ̶гһڽһһʥظʳˣȻʧһ̷ǳ죬쵽ǰܶ˶ûпһĻ
ƬлУû뵽ͻȻгһӰо淢飬˶ͣ
ô£ղôˣʵ
ղ̶гһӰǵӰһֱΪƽ࣬һֻǼȥͷ·һѰѼذ׵֧ĿУ̫ˡ뱻ɵֲԶһµ˵
˭Ҳû뵽оȻ޴ڣУ˴˼ѹ
ǶҪСĵ㡣
ԵΣղǾо޴̶еޡ
Ϊؼǲ֪жֻ̫Ļ֮лҪ˱ɡ
˷׷˵һʼʱ˻ûʲôڸоڣǶԼ᲻һ
ʱ򣬺ܶ϶¶˻֮ɫ
ԣе㲻ԾʱҶСͻȻɫص˵
ʲôԾĵطɻʵҲĿͶҶС硣
ϸĸһ£жٸҶС羯Ŀ˵ĿϬޱȣɨÿһˡ
ҶСĻ˷׷׸Ӧȥ


1708 
ʮ˵仰ո˵һ룬ͻȻ䣬ɫ˱䡣
Ͳʯ߳ʮˣǰһֱеһˣʣʮˡ˵ʮ˿϶ʮ˵ȴʮ
˵ɫúѿǶĴܣ·Χһһ룬̫ˣжһëȻĸо
⡭ô£̲סһҺĿͶҶС硣
㵱֪ҶСû˵ͬʱҲ˼Ҳ֪ô¡
ѵΧһ˴ڣʥغڵĸ˵Ŀаɫâų·Ҫ͸ΧеһУҰУʲôûв鿴
ô£̫ˡжһĻŵĸо
ڸô죬ѵҪһֻȥɣһʵ
ҶСü鿴˺ü飬Ƕûвʲôĵط룬ε˵ͨУ˻ĸһ飬ͬʱǰУӿԱʲôⷢ
ҶСĻ˶ͬͲ鿴ô£ֻܹˡ
˸ӣγ˸С飬ȻһǰнҶСغͷܿȻһ顣
ҶСһǰ棬ʥغڸֵ顣
֪ΪʲôҶСһĸоһһһ㣬ôҲ벻ס
Ѿǰʮӵʱ䣬ȻʮǸһֳƵĸоĪ䣬˶ЩĻš
ʱһֻ޴Ӵ˳ΪһӰӣҶСߵķܿȥٶȼ죬ܿӦ
ǰеٶȺܿ죬Ƿֻܿ޴޳ȥ
һҶСҲˣһ΢΢չΧռ΢΢ֻһӾͱա
ڿһֻ޵ӣһֻԼ׵ľ޴ޣƬҲر󣬾Ϳһ㣬һŷɭ׹â⡣
ԭ޸ղһһ֡
ݡһ׹ӷָܿбһֻһӾʹԴ͸β
ءֻըѣһ˿ҺڵѪɽҶСʱȥڽС
лܿŤͷҶС˵ҶСˣȻҶСʩչûȥʡ
лһСġҶС絭һЦ˵üͷ
ôˣַʲôܿʵ
ΪǸһֻޣڿͲǡҶСɫص˵
᲻лʲô֣
ᣬһ·ѵûвǸһֱڣͷ·еһԱһ㡣
ҶС仰˵ɫѿˣѵһ˻켣Уһ뵽Լ߿ܾôһµˣϵĺë
ˡʱǸͻȻݺһ£ÿ˶оһšĻޱȣʱһĪĸо
ô£ҶҪˡ˷ǳƵ˵
Сĵ㣬˹ơͻȻ˵
û£л㡣
רһ㣬һȥˣҲϲˡ
ĶдҶСŤͷȥֻһСУһΪʥصĸ֣һл֮Ŀߵһ֡
ֵʱҶСüоƺе㲻Ծɢе㸴ӡ
ǸоҶСĿ⣬ŤͷҶСͷǴк
ôˣľѵǸʲô⣿ʱʵҲĿͶꡣ
ûʲô߰ɣҶС絭һЦת׼ǰߡ
ͻȻ䣬˷ܿȷʵе㲻Ծ㿴ǲˮĲ
ҶСɻŤͷٴοȥһ㱡ˮ΢΢𵴡
ҶСɻһĿһĶĽ¡
˵һº󣬶΢仯ǲ㱡ˮҲ΢𵴣ˮƵʵǸˣص⡣
ˡǡǲҽʲôµĶͻȻѯʵϴһ˿΢΢Ŀ־塣
ڵСУе˶ܴǶֵĽ¡
ҶСתһһ˾ʮ׵ĵطܿͶؽϺҶС粢վ
ʱܶ˵ĿⶼͶҶС磬Ҫ֪ô£ѵǱһﲻɣ
ûʲô⣬⣿ҶСĶ˵
⻰һ˶һɻ֮ɫ漴ĿͶ꣬·Ҫ꿴ͨ͸ǸͿʲô
ҡʲô⣿װһֶɻʵ


1709 ħ̥
һڣߵ˶ƶΣԶ·³ʲôһ㡣
ʱ㻹װ㵽˭ҶСضȻʵ
˹ưǶ֪ңô£ˡһί˵·ҶСԩһ㡣
ҶСЦһ˫Ŀըâ㻹װ㾾ǲģ㣬Ϊϻأ
⻰һĿⶼһ˶꣬һʱ׼ֵӡ
⻰ϵı齩סˣɫ˲ѿ漴ָ鵭ĮɢһаȵϢ
㵽˭ҶС綢ٴʵĿ·ܹеһС
û뵽ôȻܹҳȷʵ˹ƣ˹Ѿˣôҵģ꿴ҶСƽʵ
ǲˮĲơҶС絭˵
ͷһ˵ԭˣ벻۲ôϸٺ٣ϸܹôԨ˶Ҫ
⻰˶һŭ֮ɫ⻰˵̫ˣֻ˭ܹŭأֻ˵һǴϴģ˵Ҿ࣬ٺ١
ɭһЦſһ£һȭͷСĺɫ౻˳
źɫһһϵΧǻҺɫ
ĲƬռе£ӿཥһаµϢд·һħ̥
ÿſһĻеľ֮ɫŨˡ
ˣʯϣЩʧٵˣ϶ǱˣΪϣ𣿡ͻȻ䣬ҶС˵
͵ĿҶСһۣûǶΪҵϣҲ⣬Ϊҵϣٺ١
ЦΪ˼ֵĿ־塣
ˡʱͬùһ㣬Ѿһ״С
ͻȻ䣬ֹͣƬռ䶼üž·ʲôµҪˡ
ꡭ޴ѳѷ죬һɺЩѷӿ
صһѣɲǼ䣬ʧֻһڷīգеĺƣһԺɫа
ϣҶСûиܵʲôһ߿տһ㡣
һĻҶС⣬˶һһ֮ɫ
㡭ǶһġһΪʥصĸֲʵоǿ־֮ɫ
ٺ٣û뵽ǻǵöһ塣ٺһЦ漴ȫɱ񣬻Ϊ˷ĩֻʣһźһɺͷȻеͷӿ˽ȥ
һɺȫӿ˽ȥ˫ĿҺɫĹâըſµĶһǿƳ
ҵɱɹˡվ𣬳Цһ漴ĿͶҶСһˣд˷ܵĹâ˿Լ˷ܵһ㡣
ǶΪҵʳҵΪһ㡣ɭһЦ˵
½غǲˬ˵
˵ΪﵽʥأɢƿҶСоΣյϢ˵˵ʵҲʥڡ
صĻڷĸ֣˫Ŀ䣬һץһɿµĺɫӿŶץ
һϰɫâҫԡڰɫĹâУʥޱȣһȭȻɫâۣγһ
䣡
µӿͰһһһһһ൱ʵǺռϷ磬ΪȽ϶̶࣬ҲȰһ¡
ҶСȻܹͰֽȻԵ໥ơ
ɱʥغڵҲˣڷĸֹȥ
ʱΪʥصĸֶȥ֪սֲǲ֡
ԲһڣֻҶСǾʥǿߴڡ
ͬǸħħϣħƵڷ裬ɫ΢΢ͬ磬лһɫĺۼǿĹ
һͬ첲һϸİɫӶϴ͸Ϊ£Ƭռֹ·ҪᴩŽ
ʥغڵĸ֣ƴƾӨ̺ŻصһһＸʮ׵İɫâɳƬռ䶼·Ҫֳ롣
ؼ䣬һɺƿ·ڻһ㣬ʧ


1710 
ʥǿ֣߳ƬռҲԲһеĻҺɫɢϰ׹⵴ʥɣ
ڷӷһ·ǴӾ֮´һ
˵Ŀ¹Ŀһɨ³ĸ֣ħء
Ļ£һɹɺëӿÿһɺ·׶ޱȵĺƬռֲϹԹİ
£γһħӰһħӰߴޱȣ·ͷŲȴأ䣬ħǵأҪƿ¡
𡭡һħӰͻȻһ𶯾죬ÿ˵඼
ħӰſ޿ڣȻ䣬شĿ¹ʥغڵĸնǵܹطֳĿ¹âȫ¡
һĻе˶ˣһħӰȻôһ̵ǿµĹһ˭ܹͶԷһսأ
ҶСĿ΢΢һϬޱȣ˿һĻħӰһµĹҲܣĺ͸¶âǰɫâҪħӰ崩͸ס
ҶСеˣԷ۳ħӰҲܵģҲһơ
˵ǶҪڼʥˣΪҵūͰɣſЦ¶һ֮ɫ·ϵΪ
ףЩâʧˣѵЩɫĹâҶСħӰΪǿ˼֡
һ𹥻ʱҶС翪˵ǰ̤һɣ磬꣬ƻͻͣռз¡¡֮
ҶСľٶʥصǿ߷׷׽Լչ¶Ķꡣ
ƾЩҲԸң̫ЦˣȥɣУųЦһ˫ĳ
ħӰĶһ˫ġ
ĺɫӿ̺ޱȿµɫͬһ㣬һؽһأһرһǿ
ããеһҶۣ·磬ڷ̫ǿˣȻΪûдﵽ۷壬Ǳսǿƥ
ɱʥغڵĸִһһ֣˫һֵӡһöϸСİɫС˫ּγɡ
öС˫ּɳɳ˫ʱ󣬻Ϊʮɳİɫصƺݺݵն˹ȥĹ켣
Ϻһӱֳ룬Ƭؼ䣬ֻʣǲһ
ʥ˫һ˴һϰɫâʢһİɫâȻɣ˳һ壬·ΪһС̫ɢ˺ڰ˹â
֮
ħȭ
ָ
һ졣

ÿһʥصĸֶԼǿĹҶСҲһǿȫ֮
ЩǿĹսԨ·ˣԲ幫ڣеĺȫЩڻɫˮȫήΪһɺɢ
ЩӿĺǿĹУһӾͱƵˣնȥ
˫ĿбųޱȵĹâ¶һɷ֮ɫ
̡˵ĸ֣ĸһһħӰΪһɺʱ˵Ĺȫû
ϯתۼ䣬Ƭջָһ޴ĺԣ͸򣬿Կаɫâ·Ҫȴʵʵķš
ٺ٣ƾҲԸңҶһͲô򵥡Źâ˵
Ǿ˵ʵҰɣͷųԵ񣬳飬ԼɣúڰںϡɨһۣҶСǾʥصĸ֣䷢һɲɣջ֮С
Ƚ˰ɣҶСЦһ˵һ֣ơ
һͻȻ䣬Ǵ˲٣䶼аɫâ͸¶˳
һĻɫһ䣬ѿޱȣһġ
кɫϴɹɺͣź룬޹ڲ϶š
ǡʱ΢ѳһѷ죬ޱȵİ׹Щѷ͸¶
ϴ䡣
˶˺˰׵ľ롣
䣡
޴ıըأõİɫâҫأƬռҷڣźХ֮ɢ䡣
һƬĿռ䶼Ťǿռ䶼Ҫһ㡣
ȿȿȡɫâʧʱӰ¶˳ʱޱȣһͷĺڷѾʧһͷɫеϺܶطܹҺɫĹͷ
ȳ˼ѪѪ˻Һɫ
㣬һж㣬ƻҵļƻһԹ֮ɫĶҶС硣
һЩĶҲóۣǲ֪ǳҶС粻мƳһۡ


1711 һ
ҶСĻߴڵĴ˫ĿжҪ˻ģ·ҪҶСһ㡣
ۡһѪϵϢܲȶˡ
бų⣬ǰһ磬˷·ǴԽ˿ռһ㣬һҶСǰ˫ҶС˹
ߡҶСһû˵ҲƳ˫ƣ˫̺ǿ
顭Ⱥ漴µ֮䱬˳ҶСɫ΢΢һף˳ʮ׵ľ롣
ۡٴһѪɫ԰ޱȣ屻ݺݵĻ˳ȥ
ֲܹƳҵĹԭڵҲǴʥ֮Ǳʥ֮Ҫ߼һᱻǵ˵ģٺ٣ͬһˡ궢ҶСЦһΪһźʧˡ
ĻҶСüͷе㲻׸ղĻ
ղźʱѾ֪ԼڵڵѵôҪ

ʱͻȻ䣬˵ĿⶼԼɻʵôˣʲô⣿
ӵеĲʥ֮ԥһʵ
ʲôϵҶСüʵ
ȿȣϵɴˣʼʥӵеΪʥ֮ӵˣҪܵЩ˵ĳͷġؽ͵
ߣһĿǳļһȻ£ЩڷһȻˣǿЦȥҪΪϷֵĶ󡣡ҶС˵
ҶС⻰һ˵ɫ˱䣬ⷬ治Ļǿɲ˵
˵ӣҶС粻м˵һӣǵϢ治֪ôģڻʲôôҪĿΪ˴ﵽļ£ΪȥǸʲôʥ²ʲôġ
ҶСһе˶һҶС˵һ꣬Ȼ㶼͸жܲζ
ֻһǵһҵĸдллֻ֪ˣǧҪ˵ҪȻ⵽Щ˵ĴþãܿһҶС˵
ߣҵΪҪܵĻ˭ܹ׷ϣĸҶԸңҲ嶼ֻһˣ뵽ﶼԡҶСʮֹ˵
ҶСĻһ
㻹ر𡣡ܿŹ˵
ΪСطԵʣڿЩ˶ûйȥʲô˲ˣ嶼ˡҶСЦЦ
˶ǴˣȻҶС˵ʲô
ĿҶС磬㻹Ψ²Ұ
Ҳûô룬ֻҪôҰҵ֮Ԩôһ˵ĻҪҵ¡ҶС΢΢һ̾˵߰ɣǰѾкܶԨ±ߡ
˵꣬ҶСǰжȥܿҶСҲǰУǶ¶һ˼ӣĿʱʱͶҶСϣ֪Щʲô
ɲһ£ҶСߵķܿʵ
ڶһ飿ܿ¶һĨЦ⡣
ҶС΢΢һ㶣漴˵ͷ룺Ů
һѾϰǰ飬ʱ˵һΪ׷Ѱµҵа֮أǸط˸ֲ󷨣һ׵ĶˣΪ˻ҺɫΪʥΪ˺ɫ
ֳɹغʵǣĴչµ˸ʥĹ׹˺ڰʱº䶯壬һ·ϣƽ٣ܶطѪɺӣǲ޶ȡ߱ɱǰʡŭ衢̰̰ʳɫߴ󻤷ײޱȣʱܶд䣬ȫɱһգҪڰ壬˵׹ڰ
˶ԸǣǰӣͶһսһս˺ܳʱ䣬Ԫˣ˵һһվѾȫնˣû뵽ڻܹ⡣ܿΪҶСһ
ΪҪ˳ΪˣҶС翪ѯʵ
ܿҶСһۣ˵˵ǵڲʥ֮˶ֻ
ƨǵļ֡ҶС粻м˵
仰Ҳ޵ڲһ޴𣿡ܿЦЦĿҶС硣
ⲻǸɺ϶ѡҶС˵
ɣܿ˵һ䣬û˵


1712 
ӷܿУѾ֪ľ͹еƣҲڼڰҲ
е벻ס
һֵ塣ҶС
УΣأеҲʮֶ࣬һֱǰһСʱʱ䣬Ǿնɱ˺ܶޣڼ䣬һܹˣ̶ĻҺɫˮݡ
ֲݲ㽫̶ܿУҿҶС֡
ããޱ޼ʣһƬһ㣬Ŀ֮һƬҺɫͷҲ߲ͷ
֪ǹ˰죬һʱ䣬¡¡䣬ڿ˺ľͷһƬ಻ϵɽޱȵ׳ۣʣضޱȡ
ҪˣԨΪֲĲЩޣ߲ͷЩ·
ǰȻѾԼԼܹˣҪﵽٶҪһСʱʱ䡣
һЩ˵ԵԻ˺ܶ࣬Ϊǿϣ
ɡͻȻ䣬һȥֻԶһֻôСĸһĶ
һֻҶСҲֱ۾һֻŴ󡡣
ʲôôûм˵
ȥоо֪𣿡һ˿Ц
ãȥ˵һ䣬һֻһСǰΪʲôΣգϾǰʵ̫Сˡ
ֵĶЦ˵оûУʲô

ɡʱһֻܶ౶ĶƤڲϵĹĶţ·ĳ׼
ҶС粻Щ³ҺʱӣĪǰһֻŴҲ׼ʲô
˺󡭡Сֻ뵽ҶСϽѵ
㶣ƺе㲻ҶСĻһȥ
ȻʱѾˣһںɫҺֻŴһϡ
һҽһӵ˵ϣ˫ֱϵķ˵ҰУϵļȫʧɭɭ׹ȫ¶˳
ޱʹзҲûˡ
ͻأ䣬һֻŴ˺ö౶һ֡
һ־ͱ˽ȥ漴һģʧˡ
һĻ˶סˣû뵽һֻٶȾȻô죬ô̵ʱڣȻնɱһʥصĸ֣ɾ䣬ѡ
û뵽ǣһССĶ˵ɱ̫˳Ծˡ
ԨУԶҪСκζʱ̶Ҫ־裬ղִȥˣΪܹ׾ٵնɱֻǣ֮£һҪСġʥغڵĸֿ˵
ֵе˶ǰеĹУʲô壬һŹȫնɱ·ǳĺЩһ㡣
ҶСǼ߳ʱܶĸѾԨһĶ֡
ұҲԾ˿ͷ˺ܶ˲ŵ档
Уÿ˶֪֮Ҳ֪֮ĹЧһǰ½
½ǹ½һ㣬ࡢħ塢ľ塢塢ѪӰĸ洦ɼ
壬ĸһȻìˣһ仰˵Ծͻս
½սƵ޷ܶСУиҲʬ˵ڽֵϣѪǡ
һʼ廹ɵ֣Ͼǣʵ̫ˣ忴ΪҵʱǿӲڳڻǴ䲻ɱ޹Ը
һʼ˶ںڱֵնɱҲû˸ɱˡ
ϲǿӲѪ¼Ȼ޷ƣԶƣֻܹС
֮һ£ɵӰ̫ˣѾǽֵĻ⣬ܶʥصĸֶˣǰԨ
Ԩ¼Ĵ㣬֡
߳˶ԼΪ۷״̬ʱҶС翴˿˵ʵĲظң֮ڵأҲǺ֮ǸղѾ߹УҲƬɽУ˭Ҳ˵ǷֿѰңؼʿ϶ܶࡣ
ҶСĻ˶˼ʱѾҶСȷʵ֪֮ΪҲҶСûз򣬾һֻûͷӬܣ˾ҲԹˡ
˵ЩǶףʣʮˣٷֿûм˻οֶܶԨǲֵĻ˵Ͳʲô¡ʥصĸֿҶС˵


1713 ûйϵ
˶ĿͶҶС磬һʼǸҶСĿȷʵΪ֮ΪŽȫһԷ֣𲻱Ҫìܡ
ðɣ˵ҶСεĵ˵ͷ
˵ʵڣһ˵Ļɻ᷽ܶ࣬ǿĵˣ򲻹ܣȻҲ˵ûô˶Ҳһ
ǰƬɽǧ·޾һ㣬ɽϣеľҶǻҺɫģÿһżɫȾ˸о쳣۾ƣ͡
ɽжޣƬɽҲ⣬һʮƬɽûз⴩Уڼ˺ܶʵǿޱȵޣ˺նɱˡ
عŸոջָԶԶûдﵽԲĳ̶ȣûֻ޵ʵʥķ룬ΪߵҲʥ۷塣
ѾƬɽˣʲôûмȫЩںڵľҪܹͻȻ̫֮ҸˡطǳƵ˵
֮ô׾ĻǾͲֻˡʥغڵĸ˵
֣ҪߣؽĿͶҶСѯʵ
Ҳ֪߰ɣԨôһһЩǱѰĵطǾȥǸطΣնȱȽϵ͵ĵطͲ֮ҶС˵
Ƕģ˵ʲôطߣǾʲôطߡ˵Ҳ˵ͷ
ҶСεĵ˵ͷҲ֪ȥʲôطӹǵ۸Ϣܹ֪֮ڵĵطǳΣգ񾳸ֶɵѡ
ȻǵҲиԨڵϢǣôãûһطܹԵϺŵģֻҪܹҳһпҵ֮
ɳɳɳͻȻ䣬йһ磬ЩҺɫҶ𣬷ҶС䣬·ܹ͸еһУɢ鿴ΧĶʲôûв
ˣҶСȻͣ˽Ųĸ֪Уȵ˵ǲԶĵطһڣЩɢľ붼ޡ
ҶС˵һ䣬һɵһûҺɫľϣľںͿʲô
ʲôûвȻҶСĻ׷׷һľԼټ
Ƭ̺˸оһƱƽ˵Щ˵УһӾԷҲ֮ˡ
ӣʮֳҶСҰУЩ˵ΪҲʮǿʥصĸ־ʮˣоغڵˣۺϿҶСһ˵ʵǿ
ʮУΪһͷɫڵ꣬ɫƤ£ɫưΪﵽʥس۷壬һȺеͷˡ
һ֪УĳǿˣҪȻҲ̬ȡ
һ֧ʱҶСоԶķܿɫе㲻Ծӷ·ǺЩʶһ㡣
ͣ¡һ˸ոߵҶСεķΧʱͻȻ䣬˵һųܡ
ɣѾǡͷɫڵŵ˵
⻰ҶС΢΢ü֪϶ǷǶЩʥصĸ֡
ʥظǰʥ֮µĸҪΣΪѣʲôصĹ
ʱ˶ĿͶҶС磬ҶСʥغڵĸֵ˵ͷ˼档
ಡʥغڸִ˶£ҶСͷܿ⡣
ҶС翴һ۷ܿһۣʶǣ
ܿɫܲÿ΢΢˵ͷ
ҶСһЩܿɫư֮ĳ־
ҶСһ˳ʱЩ˶׷׾һɨ˵û뵽ﾹȻܹͬ࣬⡣
ϵѣɣҪˡĿһƳ˷ܿķ
ܿ΢΢ԥȻ£鼫ΪĮ
ܿʱ¶˴㵵ɫ漴ϹҳЦݡ
Ʒƣ˵ǰЩӳˣҷǳİΣû뵽ȻܹԨ㣬ǻԵһ˵һŷܿȥ
ӣ֮Ĺϵܲ򵥣ڰеҶС뵽ӶԷĳƺϾܹƶϳܶණ
ⲻԵʱɶѣʲô£ܿ䵭ʵ
ͣ˽Ųɫ΢΢е㲻ÿȻһЦƷƣȻˣһ·ͬôһܱİȫҪȻò֪ˣҲɡ
ܿɫһ䣬˵ҵİȫ㱣˻ᱣģԺҪҷƷƣ֮仹Ϥ
Ʒƣ綼Ҫҡ
죬ӣ֮䲢ûʲôϵûе˵ֱ꣬ܿӴĻ
ܿĻɫѿΪһһ⣬صļãװ˿̬ܿȵӣ˵Ǽǲ׿ڴӦġ
˭Ӧ˭ȥǲӦġܿ˵


1714 ֱ˵
ıһӽסˣŹâߣһŮ˶ѣȻôңȺҾʥһҪ̳ԵƷ
ǵĻУҶСѾô£޷ӿ˷ܿܿļѾͬˣǷܿͬû뵽з飬ҲС
ƷƣҪ˺òãҪ˿ǵЦҶôѵ𣿡һϵ˵Ҫαֶα
ҺˣôǺǣΪЩ飬ҲܿЦһ˵
ɫһһףѿһ˵֪ǰЩҵĲԣѾˣԴʶҲûЩ顣
ûʲôϵɣҪٳǰܿƳһ۽Ӻ˵ͲںԷĸо
㡭⻰ߵĲסĴĿ⣬Ķŷܿ˵ǲѾˣ
ܿɫ΢΢һгһģӰӣˣ˼ȴûҡ
ܿϵɫӾ֪Լ¶ˣбųɫâ˭
棬ܿһһ֪񣬼Ȼܿˣô˵뿪һʱзġ
ܿ˵ĿһɨͶ˶ϣʵ𣿡
Ҳ룬ңҲûǸʸ񡣡һʮɵ˵
ֵܰ㻹̶̼ʱͲŮĺøУǲ򵥰
Ŀ˿أȷʵܲƿĿ⣬һҶСһˣǴ󣬸Ϳʲôޱȡ
һһһʥظǰһɿµϢ֣ң˭
ҡҲ֪ڽǿ£ʥصĸֲ˵ͬʱҶСڵĵطƳһۡ
ⲢҪҶСλø߶ԷһұһֱܣʵҲ֪ǲҶС磬ҶСͷܿƽʱߵıȽϽѡ
һɻ󣬶ʱʲô
ǵ˶𣿡ʱҶСʥغǧһµӿӿȣֱý˳
ֵҶ֣ӲмƳһ˵ĶΪʥغڵĸһӳ˽࣬һҪֵӡ
ʱе˶һҪսӡ
ôĿѵΪǵʵѾ˿ԺɨǵĵطˣʱҶСƮȻ£˵
֪ӴһЩ˵Ѿ֪˻ڰУöԷԼҳԼ
ҶСڰս˲ִԷһֲȴò֡
ҶС߳һĿһŹâǾȻȫ͸ҶСΪ
ҶСһͨһ㣬޸֮˵ҶСһͨˣȻûţôֻһˣǾҶСʵǳǿ
ǷƷеǸˣдһ˿ضҶС˵
ҶС翴һ۷ܿ׼˵ʲôܿͻȻ䣬ƶһߵҶСԣǼΪѩһӲҶСĸ첲ϣӼΪܡ
еǸˡܿһҸ˵
û뵽ҾõĶˡҶС紫
ǸҲǱƲѣϣ㲻ҪܿϽдһ˿Ǹ⡢λк¡
ˣѾٽͣҲѾжҶСε˵
ڷܿᣬ෴еͣҪȻ߶˦ˡ
ǵӣŭЦ亮⣬úúãû뵽㻹ˣȻҾͳȫ㣬һƬɽС
ɱɱǡӷŭĺɫѾˣԴӼܿĵһۣͽܿԼˣ˷ܿͱǵһܲߡ
䣡
һɿµƳƬռеҶСǰ߳һƬɽ·𶯡
ȷҪ𣿡ҶСʵ
ɫòղſǵӣĳͷԣ侲
ֻоʥظ֣ʮһʥظ֣ѵǻẦǲɣʵ
ߣֻʥظ֣ҲԪˣԨ˲ְɣɱأ˭֪ʲôΣգǵʵȷʵǣƴܾ˻ǿԵģһɱȲӵƬɭУʵǿ޺ܲ١ҶС絭˵
ҶСĻ˿ҶСͷܿ΢΢˼һ˵ξͷŹ㣬ȳԨÿƷƣϣ㿼һͬġ
ĿһˣһĨɱߡ
˵꣬һ˾뿪ˡ


1715 ׹
һ뿪󣬷ܿϽɿҶСĸ첲һ¶˺ΣǸ˵Ǹղǲ˼
Ѿˣʲô취ҶСε˵
ҵܿЩĿҶСʵ
ûУӿ϶ô˵ģԨҲпǲ飬Ҫ߾裬С¡ҶСŹâ˵ɵ˲ʱеĺ⡣
Ӵ˶һֽǴκˣҶС·磬϶һġ
ҲǣҸ鷳ˡܿ˶һǸơ
û鷳ȻǲͬӪ綼ìܲġʥغڵĸֵһЦ˵
ʱ˹˺ٺһ£˵Ƕλʲôʱ򣬾ʥأҪڣǶΪף
ǲ뵥һжҶСŤͷ˶һ˵
ǲǣҲΪ롣װеί˵
ҶСһ۲û˵
ʽʶһ£׶ʥصĸֿҶС˵Լ˵ѾĽҶС翴ȦеһԱ
ľҶС΢΢һЦ˵
ε˼Ĺϵнǰôɢ໥һº˼ǰС
ء
һҺɫըΪ˷ĩɫϰɫâµߵ
ȻҶҵˣҾĲ㡣ҧгݵ˵ӣ޲ýҶСˡ
үҪԸˣǡʱһһĵİοž⣬Ҳ֪ʲôݶļƲߡ
仰ȻŤͷ˫ĿбųϬĹâضʵʲôõ⣿
һеԲϱƣһ˵ǵʵǵĲ࣬ǶԸǵĻƱػܾˣԸһˣһҪԶ֣赶ɱҲá
ŶʲôƲߣһ⣬гһ˿ڴǲɫʵ
үǵôԨԵЩϵóϢ𣿡һӣ΢ͣһ£ضŲ𣬵¶һ˿΢΢ĲͷʱϽ˵˵֮飬һ˵ȥģǸѾԨǵڶˣǣ˵ղЩ˺пܾǵһˣҽ֮ȥ˱ȻС
ԨڣѾ˺ܶˣǽϢȥô껺˵
Ǳˣһ˹Ҫղڷ˼ϣΪڶֵĿ꣬ʱֻҪ΢һȻ˶Ըǡ
ãûп㣬ˣһͻơ͵Ŀһۡ
ллүһжһͿ˵۾һתһƨʵүҲѾ뵽ˣֻǿ˷ƷСϲ붯ֶζѡ
⻰һ̹ԽԽ˳ۣݺݵıһꡣ
ʱǰнҶС˸֪ԼѾˡ
ʱԨѾܶѾٵԨһǱȻġ
಻ϵɽУҶСһٴʱ䣬˺üˣһ˾ȻѪӰĸ֡
ѪӰʱʶ½Ƕ̲סĿ˿ҶСΪһ仰Ȼôĸǣ˽˵еĸֶˡ
ѪӰʱ໥֮侯Ŀһۣ뿪ֵط໥ͻûбҪΪǶ֪˴˵Ŀġ
ڵ죬ϢʱԨݺݵһ£Ҫˡ
䣡
һɫ𣬹âã·ɢԨлҺɫԨȻһ¡
һǶԨʱǸ
ʱһɫġɢʥ֮ĹֳԨΨһķ羰ߡ
ֿҪ»ˣϣܹΡ
ǰ˵ҾҪⳡͻˡ
һЩ˷ܵĹâ˵
ʱл׷ףƮ£ȻһȴʧˣЩ껹ûƮʱʧˡ
ô£䲻ˣ
ôʧ
ܣ׳ʲô飿
ܶ˶Ƕӻеõôл֣ȴ䲻вˡ
Լ˳һƬҶСһ˵
Ԩռȫа̺ĶǾʥУһˣô¡ҶСһ䡣
ҶСĽͺ˶˹һ֮ɫһ˿ĺڣԨƬݵʱ˵Ѿͻˡ
ⶼ̰ǵû
ߣȥǸ򣬿ʲôҶС綢ǵ˵
ϣһŹķȥ˽ĸҲ뿴ǵʲôȻ


1716 
Ԩ죬ҫķ׷ףʥһۻ࣬һԨ⣬˶𾪡
Ȳ˵Ԩǲ֮һϿ֪Ԩܲ򵥣ܹõһĶҲ֪ˡ
ԨУ֣׷ŹķȥǶ뿴ʲô˵ĳֱ
һҲ˸ĸǰԨ
ҶСһ˷·ΪһƬҺɫɭִУٶȼ졣֪ʱ䲢ץʱ䣬ȴʧû˷򣬾ͺѰҵõˡ
һ̣˵ٶߵ㣬Ҳߵߵ㣬;һЩʵǿޣҲ˴ޱȹâֱӺޡ
ǰһξǵ·Ǳʲôڵһ㣬˲ʧѾȻܻһЩ·ûʲô⡣
ǰСʱʱ䣬һӴӻҺɫɭг˳ǰȻʡ
ʱǰһƬһ޼ʵĻҺɫ·ǽʵ·棬ϸȥŷǻҺɫĺ
Ƭžĳ棬һ㲨ûУǹ죬·Ľ
ղǵǴʲôطģѵƬĺײɣһɻ˵
Ҳųܡ
ǿʲôͻȻ䣬һ˾ָãã
˶ĿȥǷããһСڵ㣬עĻͿϾƬǻҺɫġ
ӦһС˵ղǵǴǸСϳģҲǡһ¡
ǶĿͶҶС磬ʱҶСкܲƽΪϤĳǵ۸ԨϢоƬĵͼ
֮ƬһСϡ
˷ܲѣҪҵ֮ˣɫȻƽ
ͻȻ䣬뵽һ⣬ղǵâĪ֮ĹâĻкܶĸֻǰ
ڸô죿ֱӷɶɹȥ𣿡ҶСѯʵ
ҶСҡҡͷƬܹ죬Ư˶೤ʱ䣬ǽǰɶɵĻһ˿ͣҪȻͻȥ
ôôɻʵ漴Դһâʱ˹жһĨ⡣
֮϶йԨһЩϢȻˣҲûзʡ
ڸô죿ʵ
ľô࣬һҴ󴬳ֻҺɫľܹںƯҶСһ䣬һɫĹâһӿһľϡ
һһӾͱҶС翳ˣһץǸ˹ݡһӳƬҺɫĺС
˿ľȻƯڻҺɫĺһϽܳľ޴
޴ĹУ˲ƬܹվվڱԵشովڻҺɫƬ̾³ȥϽص˰ߡ
޴ҶС粢ûг֣ȫɷ֪ܿһЩսͼ
Ĺһҳʮɵս˳һҾ޴ӼΪӣһֻһ㣬ڲṹӣܶ㲿ȫǵ̵˾ϸ
ľ󷨴ʦֵˣҾ޴ȱٶϵͳͷϵͳҪ㲼óˡҾ޴󣬷ܿߵҶСǰ˵
ԣûǷ󷨡ҶСε˵
ҿԸ㡣ܿҶС˵漴˫ĿһâųҶС˫ĿС
ķ˵˫Ŀ䴫ݣ̳ʱ䡣
ܿЩϢ󣬾վһԣȴš
ҶСŷܿݹĹЩ󷨵Ķ
˰Сʱʱ䣬ҶС˫Ŀ̺ķţ·ܹ͸еһУһ̼䣬û˸Һӣ·ҶСֻҪһۣܹ˿͸
ЩķһţҶСŤͷ˷ܿͶȥһм֪ܿһݴ󷨵һΪһȴš
˵ллˮƽҸߣɶҾ޴ĲãЧһáûеҶС˵ܿͿ˵ϴǳǳЦݡ
ҶС΢΢ͷû˵֪ԼǷ˷ܿһ顣
Ľ㣬˼ֹսϵһЩ󷨶ܹڸ㣬ɼеλãҸ˵㿼ǵôʱװģ̾һҶС˵
ʲô飿ҶСɻʵ
Ǿʥ飿Ц˵
ҶСû˵һ䣬һͳ˾޴ϣһ˫лһ켣Ƭռ䶼ڵ޾£˹
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫ֻٶͻȻӿ죬˶ҶС˫ˡ
һöö·ŴҶС˫зɳû˴С
Щµķֻһ֣ЩҶСٹ˷ģȫӡսϡ
һսϵЩ·Ѿ̺ܿˣֻҪҶС罫ҪĲúþˡ
ҶСӣܿҲˣû뵽ҶСһ;ϾȻ裬̫ˡ


1717 ۼ
Сʱʱ䣬ҶСͣһڽһս϶ϵͳͷϵͳйصȫóˡ
ˮƽȻ˸߳嶼ûмܹܿŸոմսҶС˵
󷨿Ͼ˳ֶѡҶСǫһЦ˵
ܿĿһۣ¶һĨЦ⣬û˵ʲôһͬʱһ㣬Ʈսϡ
Ŀһɨ˿սܶİСף˭а˼ʥˣսҪҪʥṩֻʮöͲ
жʮöȫ㡣һʥصĸ˵һ죬һɰ׹ɳת˲䣬Ϳ˷ܿǰƯ˶ʮö˼ʥˡ
˶ûԥԼеİ˼ʥ˹˳ҶСһ㹱׳ʮö
ʱ˹׳ʥٶöЩ˼ʥҲ㹻ˣܿ˫ֻӶЩ˼ʥȫǶЩС
ˡսЩжʥʱս΢Ĳһ£һɫĹâڴ·ǻһ㣬ɢһɺƴ
ܿһϰ׹ҫҾ޴ȫҾ޴Ĵ£εضһããϡ
ɣߡܿ˵һ䡣
ಡлһâ׷սϡ
ȫϴ󣬷ܿĿͶҶС磬ҶСһ˸ղõķĺͷŵȵȡ
ˡսϣеİ˼ʥ˶ɢ˵İ׹⣬Щ׹ض·ڴڲ
ս΢΢һ˲ǰжȥٶȿ쵽˼£һĻ˶ĿŷܿҶС羹Ȼսʵˡ
ѾҲѾãҲҪǶ׷߽˴УڴģóԼеĹʹյƷ
ҶСʲôûдܿԼĶָҶСһЩһԵĶؿ˲ϵЦЦҪж
Сǲ֮ͻأ䣬˿ҶСʵ
Ҳûеʱ֪ˣ֪϶ĪգԲעûˡҶС絭һЦ˵˵ʵĿǰ˵Ҳȷ֮Сϡ
ܿͱתˣ̸Ļ⣬˵ǸǿȵȣҶСһרĵţЩɫļԺС
䡭Ҿ޴ǰеʱͻȻ䣬ݺݵĶһ£·ʲôײ˴һ㡣
ô£
ǳȥ
˷׷״Ӵ˳ʱսǰǰУһ㵭׹⽫ȥһŰҹеС
ããҺɫϷƽ˾ֱһ̲ˮûʲôԾĵط
˶ɻ֮ɫһػҺɫ޵ĺǴӺð˳ݺݵսײ˹ٶȼ죬˶ʤ
䡭һ죬սݺݵĲһ£սΧɫâʢҫ۵Ĺâһ޵ĺǱѩһڡ
˶ԾĴ壬Ƕû뵽սķȻǿ
ٶ޵ĺǣ´Щʥ˾Ҫ컻ˡҶСĿһɨ˵
ܲңıҶС˵ˣʮ޵ĺսײǷ·ĳЩĿơ
ǳְɣ׶ĿŹâЩ˵˶˵ͷǶ֪ҪȾĽʡʥе˭֪ĿĵжԶ
˶ֲսܣеĿµĹЩһӾͱɢ
һһЩ޵ĺ޾һ㣬ֻ֡
Ҳ֪˶ãȫǰһССѾиִˣããϻкüҴǰ
ЩΪӣ޷ҶСǳս޷ȡ
ʱЩ޵ĺȫʧˣûг֣˶һָŸղĵ
ս˶Уٶ˼㣬ԶԶȥһ׹ŵ
䣡
һǿҵ𶯣սĺ̲ǲյ㣬ôҲһ֮ء
˶սϷ£ҶС粼󷨣ֱӽս
Сһ̵ĵ죬ȥǻҺɫɳǵɳĮ֮ء
һкҶС˶츽м졣кܶӰڻζЩ˶Ǹĸ֡
Ǳʲôһָڲķʵ
̫Զе㿴Ӻһųǡ˵
ȷһųǣһƵĹųǣܻЩգСĵ㡣ҶСɫص˵
ҶСĻ˶
ҪȥҪȻȥؿҶСʵ
ȻѾȥҲ޷ҶС΢΢һЦ˵Ȼȥ
Ҳ֪ôģҶСܸоһ˿ĲԾƬϻСΪе˶ۼϣ֣·һεǣ


1718 ֮
ҶСԤϵȷʵһƵĹųǣųǿ޴ޱȣǽߴ󣬳ʻҺɫէһͲһųǣһֻ̾ڴ˵Ķħ
һֲҲûпޱȣҶСǧ֮ĵطҲһӸŹųȥһԸ֮ˡ
Ϊ֮˵ԭ໥֮䲢ûжٵ⣬෴໥˵ͷʾк
ͬʱߵųһſڣԵĳǽϣѳѷ죬һۼǧٿף·Ǿһƴս
ſֻ޴޵ĵһɢǻһ㡣
ĸ޴Ĺڳ϶ˡ֮ǣĸܹܵһĺ͸ָа
Ϊ͵˿¸Ͳҿһۡ
ȻǶ֮ǣ˾һ˵
Ŷ֮ǶһΪǿĹųǣǿķǳʢս󣬶֮Ǿʧˣû뵽Ȼ
һЩֶ̾
ųڣҶСܵ˺öǿϢʣѾʥظִˡ
һ֮˴кͬʱų˽ȥ
һųǣ˾͸ܵһֲҵϢһŨŨѪζƮһɲ֮⣬о޴ķŭ
·ѳһѷ죬ԵĽҡҡ׹һͿҪӡ
û뵽֮ѾƳӣǸʢĹųѾʧʷĳС
ʱĹĵĲ̡
ܶ˶׷׸̾ǵĿж¶˸֮ɫ
˶ǰʱͻȻ䣬һ޵ԽԽŲȵڻصֵϡ
ǻص˷ĽֵϣʱռһĲɢƬն΢΢Ĳ
ʱǰĻһתֵȻһ䣬·ƽŹһڷĸڽֵߣԵĽߴϣҲޱȣֽ
һʢͼ
ʱЩӰʧֵлָ˸ղŵӣޱȡ
һִ̫ǿˣʹϰ꣬Ȼһ˲ķ
˵һ쳣ײ𣿡ʵ
ǷǷ˭ܹ˵أ
ųУжһɳأǹųǴѹ֡
ʱ˸ոտҪߵһʮ·ڣ΢ĽŲ
ǰ˼ֻһ֧ħĶһֵ˹жʮˣʥصʮˡ
ǿҶСһһ֧ʱͣ˽ŲĿҶСһÿһˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСоһӺħֵĿⶼͶϣһĨ·ҶСʲôֵǳֵĶһ㡣
Ϊ׵һħ֣ҶСȻһɨȻǵųȥ
ųĸѾۼһܹĸо
ħ뿪󣬷ܿЩĵĿҶСʵһħг𣿡
ôܣҲŲǰӴ߳⻹ǵһβżħˣôܺгأҶСҡҡͷ˵
ǸղŶĿͶ㣬ͺʶһСĵ㡣ܿѵ
˶ĿͶҶС˼
һҪ鷳Ҳûʲô취ҶСε˵Ŀ˫Ŀź⡣
оȻ֪⣬ħЩֲԵ޹ʵĿһۡ
Ԩ˶ڴһ֪֮ϢϢǴֿдģֻҪܹҵ֣ܹ֪֮ϢˡͻȻ䣬һ˵һĸ֡
⻰ҶСɫΪ΢΢һ䣬ʣ˹Ϊ֮רŶԸҪڻϿ
ҶСһӵ˶ۼĿҶСһۣ¶һĨ΢΢ĵġ
ôûϢ𣿡Ǹʵ
ûУǴûϢˣ֪ʲô𣿡ҶСһ֧˵
֪
һ֧еʱʱҶС磬Ѿˡ
治֪ʲôˣȻңҶСЦһ
֪ʱԼѾȫ˷˼⣬˭ҶʲôԽһöԷܴĴۡ
Щֶۼڹų룬Ҳ߰ɣҶС絭һЦ˵
ϣǰȥ˭Ҳûз֣ǰ߶һһӽӿ˵Уķɢȥ
֮һ޴Բι㳡㳡һ޴ĵкɫĹâޱǣüһֱ£ѳһϸ΢ѷ졣
㳡־ۼ˶С
ҶС绹ĵĸ֣кܶҶС綼
ҶСһ˳ʱ˵ĿⶼͶ˹·ʵѰʲôǵĿ⿴ҶСʱһͣ


1719 ǧĿ
㳡ϸڶ࣬Ϊ͵Ķʥأʥص˸־ͻ
ǼĿͶҶС磬ĹâҶСЦһ·ûע⵽ǵĿһ㣬Ȼǰȥ
̺ƴѹĿ⣬˶оڣ·һɽѹ˼ϣǿҶСһνӺеѹ˲١
ߺߣô죬ҽԵ˶ûʲô³㳡һǣź⣬¶֮ɫ
ţǰߵҶСͻȻоһ΢ɱŤͷһ㿴˲ǵ
Ŀһ룺òɣ
εԴûк˽𣬳˲⡣
㣬ҲԨΪһĻ꣬ҶСѾԲһš
ҶСߵķܿҲ˲¶һĨɻ֮ɫȻŤͷҶС磬˼
߽㳡ʱһ˾ͺҶСһзֿˣ·ܵǣ
ѡһλã˾վΧ
㳡ϣҶС绹ˣάǵͷһ壬кܶʥصĸ֣Щһⶼʥ۷Ĵڡ
ҶС߽ʱǾѾע⵽ҶС磬Ǹ֮ɫ
ʱ㳡ϣһãиԵӪ໥ʱ䣬ɵŶԷ
ҶСһ߽㳡󣬻кܶ˽ЩȣȻеǹƥǰˡ
Сʱʱ䣬Ѿûǰˣ㳡ƼߣվϿԿããе
ʱããҺɫϣƽޱȣʲôûС
ʱ㳡Ͼۼһǧ֣ʥصǿ߾İһʮĶʥصĸ֡
һɿµ²ĸܹӵ˵Ӳܶࡣ
ЩΪעĿǣʮʥ۷ĸ֣Щ˶ǻûпͻαǲĤĸ֣Щα񾳵ĸ֣Ѿչȥˡ
֮ϢȻݳȥˣȻиֲţǲΪһ֪ٵϢȥʱ䡣
˶ԳһС׷ʱͻȻ䣬һ
λضΪ֮Ԩ֮ǰشҶһЩֿд̽ϢǴһֿдȥģȻˣôҲӦ֪֮һЩҾֱ֮һ̵ܹ˵ãϣ֪ĸֵĽ֮Ϣ˵Ҿ
˵һʥ۷ĸ֣߻ʥ۷Ĵڣ˵ĵɣ
˵̫ˣҲӦù
ȷʵˣ빲

ԹϢ飬ûһ˲Ը⡣
ʣǸ֪һʱһԨˡ
϶ǵһˣͲ롣
˭֪һǵһԨˣһΪ涼ž
ҶС˫۱һϹҳһ˿Ц·ǿϷһ㿴һĻĻ
ЩѾ֪˾һǵһװģα֮
ҶСΪֻĳЩ˺α嶼ǲбģڿǻҪһڹͣǾα
ž֮ʱϲƨʥظ֣ǰ߳һ첲ֱֱָҶС飬˵飬ǴԨΧһƬݵЩ˿дģǲģͲö֪ˡ
һڽϢ֮ǰͲѯһѾаٷ֮ʮʿ֤ҶС˾ǵһĸ֡
ʱ˵Ŀȫۼ˹ҶСһ˶оĪѹ
һ𣿡ղһʼ˵ʥ۷Ŀһɨ˹
ôִѹǾ޴ģҶСУܶ˶ͷ϶˺顣
˵һˡʥ۷ĸֵ˵ͻȻ䣬Ŀʮ˵֮е˭֪ߣ
һϵƾһƷ·һһ㣬ֵƶѹ˹ֲƬռ䶼Ť
ҶСһˣѹ޴󣬷·嶼Ҫһ㡣
ͨһ˳ܲסֲѹһƨ˵ϣɫ԰ף亹ֱ
ۡһӲ֮£һѪ赹˹㳡ϡ
ǡʱҶСУһʥصĸֲָҶС硣
Ŷ𣿡ʥ۷ĸֶҶС磬һ˫ĿŰɫâ·ҪҶС翴͸
һתҲҶСϣ㳡ϣ˵ƶҶС硣
ҶСΧƾչһ쫷磬ռ˵ĲУһЩĬĬԶҶС磬·Լһ㡣
һжҶСС


1720 ˭˭
֮ǣĹ㳡ϣǧ˵Ŀⶼ۵ҶСϣһǿѹѹ˹ȥҶСС
һռ·ˮĲһ㵴ҶСɫ糣һΡĸɽƾ籩꣬ԿȻ
ֻҪǾҶС糬ܶ࣬ھϵƺѹͶҶС첻κεв
ʱʮ˵Ķʣʮˣ˶ԼԶʥ֣뿪ʥغڵǿû뿪
Σ֮ʱܹ飬ʱ򣬲ܹжϳ˭ɽ˭ɽ
Ǻǣǻ濴ңô˸ʩѹֵע£ҶСͻȻЦɫޱȡ
һĻжô˵£̸ЦɣȻ콾Ҳˡ
ܶжһ˿λõǾԼ϶ҶС硣ҶСķܿŹʣҶСıӰϽҶСıӰߴޱȣڷ絲ꡣ
ʣԺһ˵Żᷢӵ쾡¡
˵ʵڵģһЩ㣬ͬķϣֻҪ㽫֮һЩ˵ҿԱƽ£㿴ʥ۷ĸ֣дһ˿֮ɫ˵
仰ɫ΢΢һ䣬ҶС˵˹֮飬ô赶ɱ˵ļƻ¾Ҫˡ
òѾõ֮ɣһΪȷʵôĳ٣һ·Ϸʲô˭֪أ˶ȴҶСص֮ʱͻȻ䣬һ
˵仰ǲļΪն⻰һҶС˵˵֮Ϣֶᶢסڰж֡
⻰ܿһŭɫкǰڲȻ˵ϲҲᣬ񣬲еĹۣ˵жԵˡ
ʱڶֶĿȵĿҶС磬Ȼ֪ղǾ仰еרŵжԵ˼ҲûֿܣһѾõأ
ҪһЩѶˡʥ۷ĸֵȻһЦ˵
仰ЦݣƵĿҶСһۡ
ͻȻҶС罫ĿͶ˹¶һ˿ЦһЦݣϵЦˣгһ˿Ĳ֪һ˿Ĳ
ӣ㻹Ʋ尡רôֵĿ⣬Ϊɵ𣿡ҶС翪˵
¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ֪ҶС˵ʲô˼еǹɲ֮ɫԽԽǿˡ
жһʺţҶСֿô¡
˶ɻ֮ɫҶСɭ˵鶼ϲһ𣬿ڶķϣͬˣû뵽նѾ֪ҾǴϢǸˣǲע⣬͵Ϯǣ˹֮صĵͼ׼ɱڣ󻼣Ҫǡһ޳֣óˡ
ΪڣȻĶڶնɱңĿĺڣͼóɣΪдҾͲ˵ҶСԴǵ˵
ءܿȵȣҶСһһ仰жѾЦˣҶСѣһٻȻ˵ĸһԷֱ档
ΪǺҶСһ·ĿҲΪҶСһ˵ģϾ⻰һ
׼ҶС磬ȴҶСƣ˭˭ȵ˽֪
Ŀһתת˲
ɫǺޱȣߵĲ˵㡭˵
Ĳ˿ı֣һ˲
ǲģʱʥ۷ĸչ˸ղ뿪ҶСеһ֡
ǡġֲ˵
ҶС΢΢һͷһ˿ĺ飬ղһ˲䣬ҶС֮Ӱ֣˵˼ٻ
ѾҶСѾ˵ģôͻˡ
ֵĿ⣬һ˫ȶڷ
ͼɣһֶŲ˵
ҡûãղǷȫǼٵġ𶼿Ҫ˳ôҲѲ˸ϵˡ
Ƕ֡



ֿŲȻЩ˲ȫҶСĻϾûʲô֤ݣ˭Ҳֲ٣ٺ仰ʱҲעҶСҪЩʲô
ǣҶС˫ֽ棬һ²ؼӣЩ޿κΡ
Ѱˣʥ۷ĸü롣
໥ѣҿɣǶץȻϼʣһܹõ𰸵ġʱħʥ۷ĸֳЦһ˵ڵݺ⡣
Ƕץܹһʧ
ǿ⣬ֶͬ⡣
ҶСһͲһˣͲܹ£ЩӸλ˿ıȽ


1721 
Ĺ㳡ϣһϿµƱɹƳ𣬵ɫĹâڣųǣǳض·Ⱦ˲ɫ
ҶСһ˺Ͳһ˶֡
һЩҪ˵Щʲôջû˵ľ˭Ҳûа취ԣοֻܹȡ˶ץİ취
ûʲôͼûУȫݺҡʱͻȻ䣬ɫ԰ޱȣ¶һ˿־壬ôֵĿУˡ
Ԩ棬ûػһӱôޱȣԴүŧһ
ҶСɰĶ࣬·һսһ㣬Ȼվ֣Ȼɫ䡣
ڲĻ˷·ûһ㣬ƸǱ˳
ǡĸ֣ܶڵĹͷһʹ֮ɫ
֡ǲ֪ǿߺȳһһֻֻγɵŲһˣҶСһץȥ
ҶСվǰ棬һ˵ֵסƣ˲ûʲôʣֻµľ֣ҶСһǰ̤һ
䣡
ƽһ׾֮ǶӿųǷ·ǻһ㣬ﾹȻµĹ򣬷·£
ҶСϱ˾£ƿؾƣ·ųƥйᴩЩֱ֣飬Ρ
ˡƬռ䲻𶯣һĨһ㷢塣
һɹɷ籩ȥ
ҽһӰɳ
ЩΪʥصĸɫüΪѿоǲ֮ɫû뵽ҶСʵȻﵽ־磬Ѿʥս
ôܣ
⾿ôһ£ô˿µս
ѵѾͻǸ磿
ҶС籬Ϳµսܶ˶ɴ۾
ƽϢҶСȻȻվһ˶һЩץС
Ƭ㳡ϣʥصĸ⣬Щʥصĸֺܶ඼˵ϣʹĺвֹ
һȴǺħһָ֣צݺݵץڲһͷȵĺӿ
鷢ںܶС
ץеЩ֣ǿеĶȡЩ˵ļ䣬Ҫôһ¡
ָϵĴָȵҪĶȫˡ
ȡЩһɫÿױˣˣҶС˵ĶǼٻ
Ȼҵôֵ˵ѡһʥغڵĸĶҶС˵
̫˶ѡҶС絭˵
Ѿ֪ѻ綼ᱻ𴩵ģ֮˵ѻΪ˱סԼΪ˶ĶĲ𣬸鷳
߽֮ǺͿʼˣô֡
㡭
ҶСбųĹâɨһ㳡ϵĸ֣ôڻ붯ֲɣ
㻹˵֮Ϣɣֱһܹӵеģοһɣһ˵ܲܵõһ⣬֪ﶼõ֣Ǹž޴ΣȻղչʾǳǿ󣬵ֲ㲢ܹö೤ʱɣʥ۷˵
ٺ٣ѵ˶֮һΪǿĹų沼ǿ󷨣µ֮֮ԻᱻƣΪڼԵʣ˸һ󷨴ʦҪȫնɱ׾١ҶСĿһɨɭȻһЦ˵
仰˵ð٣ųڣȷʵǿ󷨣ǣҪЩȫգҪѺܶʱ䣬ҶСĿǰһëƤѡ
󷨴ʦĸ֣˵ɫ˱䣬һѿޱȣԽˣҪõ֮ϢսֲһҶСĶ֣һʱ䣬ѵľء
ɱ⣬֮ʱҶС绺˵Ҫ˵֮ϢҲǲܡ
ʲôֻҪܹģһȥħһֿ˵Ҳ˼׷˵
ģǶôѵ飬ֻ£Ӧ˵ֻһһ£ҶйϵҶС絭һЦȻĿͶ̱˵ϵĲǹһ˿Ц⡣
ҶСı飬ʱ˹֪ҶСע⣬оޱȣϽ˵ŹҰɣֻҪŹˣʲôҾʹӦ㣬ūҲԡ
ˣҶӶһ˶ɱ˰ɣҶС˵
ܿſҪ˵ЩʲôվûſڣǵǣҶС߳󣬲ҶС鷳
ҶСĻץŲһ˵Щֵ˵ͷ׷׶֡
ۡһֻΪѪ꣬ɢҲһΪѪ㳡


1722 ĵڶ
ޱȵĹ㳡ϣҶС·Ǿ֮Ͻµսϣ֮Ƿ·ϵһ𣬾ּ䣬˿µ
ҶСǿ£Ϊ˵֪֮ľϢֻܹһնɱ
˺µﲮǣĸȴ£ǺȻ֣ʱ䣬ѪȾ˹㳡ĵ棬ޱȣҺɫĹ㳡һĨɫʡ
ڶأʥ۷ĸɫе㲻ÿ˵Ͼĸ֣Щ˵Ժܴá
ڶҲΪ˴룬ѾһʵǿĸְΧˣ֪ʲôͼ¾ͽˡҶС絭һЦ˵
ղڹ֮ǵʱѾܹɢ֮һطˣǸʱ͸оΧкܶʵǿĵ˴ڣЩһڷǶһĸ֡
ʲôȻߣ
ôܰô֣ôûв
ҶС⻰һͶһըޱȣҶСĻе㻳ɣǺˣȻҶС罫Ϊڶô϶Ѿ鿴ǿС
һйâ䣬ֲƺƺƵܺᷭȥҪ鿴Щ˵Ķ
ڿƵӿ£ܵĿռݺݻζ޵Ӱ¶
һЦէȻ漴һӰַ߳·ȫعƣվա
ڷ裬磬¶֮ɫĺɫ΢΢ȳӿ·ħ٣ֲƺƵƬռ䡣
ӵΪȻѾﵽʥ۷壬ԨУͲӰ죬ǹ
ӳֺһӰΧ߳һվգɨŹ㳡ϵˣƺһ˿Ĳмͳ
һ塭Щ֣ɫ䣬һɻӣǿֿվˣƺ֮ʲôϵ
Ȼǣû뵽ǻʥ۷ĸɫѿ˵
ٺ٣û뵽Ļأ֮Ƕһʥأ˽˶һУʥ۷ɭȻ˵
ߣƾǣ˭һأħһ˵
Ǻħӵеֵ࣬طܵӦҲǺǿңЩȫնɱʱһ뿪ġʥ۷ĸĿһƳ˵
仰ħɫ䣬ħĸԨȷʵܵƺ٣Ƕ׼ͷչʾû뵽ȴһһơ
嶼ĿͶ˺ħĸ֣Ŀе㲻ơ
ҶСվԭĵطۿһĻһϷӣʱ̫ˣⷢһս
ӽԨһֱǣűߵĸоȻǵг̶ģǣܳһϵеɺϣһĳ֣ĸԡ
һ徿ʲôݳ֣ѾôãΪҪͻȻǷ֮йأ˭Ҳ
һһ壬ƤӻһԾǣǣˡħ˵ɱȻ
վĶһĸԶԶ㳡ϵ˶࣬ǲֶֻѣʥصĲŲʮˣ໥ȽԶˡ
һ϶ʲô֡
ٺ١ɣȫ׹ڰ޵Ԩһʥ۷ĸֿЦһ˫ӷӡ
һɫâ˷ɢȥ
Ȼ֪ԷҪʲô˶ѡж֣Ϊǿ
ɱһƬռĵֲƥƲǣƬռ䶼ںݺݵĲ·Ҫһ㡣
һâӿڶһִȥ·ҪƬض顣
ȳǵһݴɣһʥ۷ĸЦһ˫ֹͣ˻ӶǰһʧҲͬʱʧ
ҶСУǶ˶֮ǿߴĳǽϣһУϴһζ֮ɫ
䣡
ֲκƬ룬һڵѷγɣЩ˽ȥкܶһֻΪ籩ƬռкХ
ޱȾȵǶ֮УЩҡҡ׹ĽȻ𣬷·ܵĳıһ㡣
ʱϺ˷ӿ·һֻֻޱȵĺһ㣬նΪ֮
Щ֮ǣӰ˵ߺ͸֪
𡭡һĺ黯һĺӰγɣЩӰư磬ʵǿᡣ


1723 ´ս
Щں۳ɵһӰӣɫӰӣõһ㣬˭֪ܹܲƽķʽԸ
ҶСĿһ΢΢üͷйâһӾͿЩӰӶ֮꣬ЩѾȫʧȥңȫūֻۣ˴սʶ
ܹһֻЩǰͲó󷨲У֮ǡԨһܡ
ʱЩӰֱӶˣǿĹϺȣ۳˸ָ̬
˵ȻҲûʾ׷׺ЩӰսһ𣬹㳡ϣֻĸսǿʢжһҪˡ
һɫʥ֮ųʥĹɢһƬеĺɱˣֻҪЩӰӣЩӰӶģһ֣·Ҫʧһ㡣
ĸҲָͣľѧŷµΰ
ͻȻ䣬һҽһҽΪ·ܵĪʹһ㡣
Ȼ깥ҽ󣬱һܻ
һӾͣ˳ҽͬһˡ
仰˶ֹЩӰӵ깥
Ƭ㳡ϣֹâҫ죬Ũĺг𣬿ֲܾЩ·ֹһ㣬ɢˡ
ӰʧҲиЩӰӶõģҪʧ뼫ΪǿܹЩӰɢӰģò˶೤ʱҲָ˴˼鷳
һʢս·ҶСûйϵһ㣬վһԿһս
֣ǲȥæ𣿡Ź㳡ϼҵսСʵҲĿͶҶС磬ҶС
ﲻæǵȨҲǡҶСƽ˵
⻰¶һĨ˷ܵĹâֱӳսɫʥâ
ԥһ£һЩ˼սһЩҶСԹţǶǶԼʵûĵˡ
ȻҶСôһֱԹȥȴӰѰҶС磬֡
ҶСƳɵɫâų򿳣ӽӰӣ˲ɢˡ
İɫâʲôʥ֮֮Ϳֱӹ˵꣬ЩӰӣֱǿһ㣬ЩӰҶСи߲һС
ܿ˿һĻжҶСˣ㳡ЩҪӰʧҪһ򣬵ҶС翴֮
Ļһ棬ղ׼ֵ£ҶС̶̼仰һӾͷƿȫ֡
ӰӵĹһʼܲϰߣʧ˺֣ܶ˺˹ɣЩӰ˾޴˺
ƬռеӰԽԽ١
֮ǳǽϣʥ۷ĸ˫Ŀйâ·㳡ϵһжӲ۾
Ȼ˸֣治֪ʲôԸЩս껹Чʥ۷ĸź˵
ҪЩȫնɱ𣿡һ壬ʥ۷һѯʵ
Ҳ뽫ȫնɱ̫ˣʵҲ̫ǿˣֻܾնɱǡʥ۷ĸ΢΢һ̾˵
Ҫһˡɫ˵һ䣬˫лҺɫĹâ򶯣û˶֮ڲ
֮ЩҺɫʧ֮ʧĻЩӰӡ
ô£ЩӰôʧˣ
ѵ֪ЩӰӶҲʲôв˹Ϸ
ոѪҺ˵ЩһƵӣ·ǵòйһ㣬Ƿ׷ۡ
¡¡
ʱ֮ͻȻҡض·Ҫˣɫһ䡣
ųǱ鲢ûзǹ㳡ĵϡЩֵ϶ѳ˺öѷ죬ЩѷкһϢ·Ҫڰ׹޵׵Ԩ
ಡһӰЩѷг˳Щһڷһᣬ˫Ŀ񣬷·Ǳ˿һ㡣
ɱ˴Щʱһھ֮ϺƵħ٣˵ֵǶһʥ۷֡
оɱеĿɱ⣬жһͬʱޱȣ¡
Ǹɱ֮Щ˫Ŀ͵ĸͻȻһ˫ĿкųִϢͻȻӵתΪһˡ
ףⲻǧǰ쳹½û뵽ȻʱˡͻȻ䣬һ˵
ҲϤӦǰĸ֡
㳡ĸֶз˺ܶ㼶ĸ֣һӳһ


1724 
֮УѷУĸִ߳Щֶǧǰǰĸ֣˭Ҳû뵽ǾȻ
ЩȫˣūۣΪս
ϺϷޱȵĹŷΪȻޱȣûаޱȵľżһ㡣
䡭ְɫĹâʥޱȵϢ·ںڰƬ֮سΪʥޱȵ֮ء
ۡһľбɫųһӴ̽һū۵ĸڣַ·ûиоκʹһ㣬ƺӿǰһ֮£ľĸԴֱըѡ
ɫĹâӿ˲䣬ľ³һԴһ𾪡
ιҾͲľ־һ漴һҧ˺ݣɫӿ̹ȫӿū۵ĸڡ
ū۵ĸ˲ֹͣ˶¶һ˿ѵЦݣ漴ΪһŻҽ
ū۵ЩȫûʹУǽǸ첲˫ȿȻֺʹΪ˴˾޴鷳
սڼųǲϵ𶯣ҵ·ǺХһ㣬ӿܣֺƴ𶯾졣
ۡū۵Щַ׷ױը׵Ľ˱ū۵ˣиĸҲһ䣬ѪɽȾ˳ա
ۼĸȻ࣬ǿҲܲסһӶĸֶεĳ
ĿǰΪֹѾʧ˲ˣôȥֻʧˡ
ҶСһУͻȻ䣬ĿһƳһ۶֮ǳǽһЩ˼ۿȥҪǶӲź
ǰ̤һ
䣡
ƺƳųǺݺݵһۣγǿޱȵĹ
ۡݺύܶū۵ĸѣкܶū۵ĸᣬ˾һ㣬۾һȻλᣬݺݵĹЩ֡
һĻһʥ۷ĸ֣˫Ŀбųڹ⣬·𿴴˿ռ䣬ֱͶҶСϡ
ݺݵڳǽ϶һţųǻ˻Σ·Ҫһ㣬ųе󷨷·ǻһ㣬ȫǿξɫѿޱȣоļ¡
һֹų󷨵ҶСо·󷨲Ŀһ㡣
ൽһҶСһ䣬֪Ҳƿһųе󷨡
˶ʱҶС紦·磬ϾŸոսӴųǵ󷨶ѣԷ֪ųд˶ٸ£ڹų󷨵ƿزαȻܸߡ
棬ȻôżҾͳȫǡһʥ۷ĸ˵
˫кɫâӿһӡȫӿ˹ųС
Ⱥ䡣ĸ֡
䣡
񱩵Ƭռ֮ϳһĨǿգǵ㣬̺ϵɱ
һĻҶСɫаãΪ󷨴ʦȻ󷨵Ŀֲһ󷨷֮˴޴ѡ
Ͻ뿪ųǣȥնɱЩһĸ֡ʱҶСһ˫ֲϻգƬռĹ
ҶСĻҲоǿΣһչ¶˾ԵٶȣȻŹų⣬жȥ
Ѿˡվڳǽ֮ʥ۷ĸ˵˫кɫâ򶯣ųڵĽȫһɵĲ
˵УųеĽٵת޷ųǡ
һۣҶС˵ĸ֡
һӰӾ󷨣˱巽򣬱һء
˫лɲǼöĹöγһŻŻϱǿޱȵֱӹᴩռӵ˹ų֮⡣
ߣ󷨾ҪҶСһ
û˿ԥȫöγɵĹŴж
뿪ҶСŤͷЩֺЩ˸мĿҶСһۣȻм뿪
ܿԭأҶСȵϽ뿪ùңɰ취뿪
ܿԥһ£Ƿ뿪
ġִӹųгһʥ۷ĸܻһ䣬ԴˣҲûʲô취
ʱȺĴڷ֮ϣƬǿУһſǳ£ŻԵ
ȻⲢǳǻ۳ţŵĹ㳡֮ʣҶСһˡ
ųǺ϶Ϊһ˫ֲϵлЩµǳڽĹУ켣ı䣬ȫн˹ųϱߡ
䣡
µЩҡҡ׹ĽںȻʵޱȵĵطҲӡ
ʱ򣬾֮ƬǿޱȣһĻŤʧµЩǳҲȫʧˣֻʣ˸ӲƵĹųǡ
ҶСǳ׵Ļ˲е󷨣ųǵķ󷨡󷨶⵽˾޴ƻ


1725 졢뿪
һΣһʥ۷ĸֿνǰʯͷԼĽţȺ󷨣ҶСҲϵǳ֮Ƴųе󷨡
ʱų⣬սֺͶһѾū۵ĸսһʥ۷ĸֺһս
ųǵĹ㳡ϣҶС΢΢üû߳ȥЩսڲϵ˼顣
Ȼһʥ۷ܹóųе󷨣ôΪβһʼͷأǾʲôĿģΪܹԨвӰ죿ЩӦ׵⡣
̫ˣҶС˺ܾöûףȺǸ󷨷ҶСоعһ˿˿ı仯ܵѹƶһ˿˿
ս쳣ңһͻŷޱȿµĹɫƬռ䵴˴ģսУض𶯣϶ѳһѷ죬·Ҫһ㡣
ҶСһֱվڹ㳡ϣһ߿һĻһ˼һЩ⡣
һСʱʱ󣬴սӾˣһڵѷ첻γɣһռ䶼Ҫ顣
Ըֵǿƹһĸܶ࣬ʧء
һʥ۷ĸɫޱȣۼĿҶСһۣоϺ⣬ҶС磬һսĽһأٲȻѾ·硣
ʥ۷ǿޱȣʽѾȫۺһһǾѧռڲڻζⳡսҫ죬Ԩ·ܵӰ죬Һɫɫ˼֡
ͻȻ䣬ںսĶһʥ۷ĸɫ΢΢һ䣬˫󶯣һֳһɫĳޣһ۳һɫɽ
ͬʱ
¡
ռ䶼һع򶼻ˣʥ۷ָϽ赲
ʱһХʥ۷ĸпһʧˣһսĸһХʱѸսҲ˲ʧ
ֻʣЩū۵ĸ֡
һĻ˶һȣûж׷նɱЩū۵ĸ֡
վڹųڹ㳡ϵҶС磬üͷ΢壬źⲻ֪ʲô
ʮӵʱսһǧֽʣٶʧǳĲء
ҶС磬ȺǿУ»˸ǿߡ
㲻ŵ𣿡ʥ۷ĸ֣վڳǽϣ˵
ģ˵㻰ǶϢúһȥģ˵ǸطǳΣգҪСġҶС
㲻ùܣֻҪȥˡʥ۷ĸ˵һ䡣
ų⣬ַ׷׵ϢָԼΪ
Сʱʱ󣬿һϢˣҶСԹų߳
ҶС߳˵˲䣬Ͼ;ۼ˵Ŀ⣬мֻٲָ¶Щ⡣
ϾղҶСǣʱҲ˼ҶСжԡ
֮ûϣǳ˴ȥһ죬ߡҶС翴˵˵һ䣬Ȼźߵķȥ
зֳüȥѰǵĴֻ˶ҶС硣
ߺҶСһռ䵴漴ʱս¶˳
һսʱܶж¶Ľ֮ɫ
ҶСһһ˴ڹųǹ㳡ҶС͸ֵжʱԶҶСЩҲ׼ǴʱҶС˫ĿըĹâ
ۡ׼ǴֱһѪ˳ȥ
Щ׼սһɫѿĶҶС硣
һսʱҲæˣΪβȥһֹҶСʵ
ΪʲôҾǲϣѵǻ붯ǹҶСЦһ
ҶСĻɫǺޱȣһʱ䲻֪ôá
ʱһҶСһսһӴɳ̲ϳ˻ҺɫĺУȴŸЩ֡
ʮӵʱ󣬸Ѿ׼׵Ƕ˴ȻǵĴΪͨ
ҶС˵һս˶УٶȺܿ죬ֻظҶСһս棬ǸС˰֣ںͶһսУѾˡ
ããҺɫĺ棬¶Թ֮ɫ
սϣҶСվڼװϣΧһϵظıսǰеķ
ӹǵõϢ֮һصĵϣѰĻѰҵõǰһ˳ȥѰҡ
ƬҺɫĺУа죬ǰԱǵֲ̬һҲǱǵλãҲ֮ڵء
Ҫ죬밴ձǵ˳ߣһ飬ҪȻôжѰҲ졣


1726 µĳ
ųеһ·ʲôϢսĶͻȻȥʵ̫ˣ飬ǲֵܹǿߵĹȥ
ҶСվڼװһ߸ıսеķһ˼Щ⡣
ĸСʱʱ䣬ҶСսѰҵ˵죬֮ĵرԶ
սٶ΢һ֣һξǳԶҲ˼Ƭûһ˿Ĳһ̲ˮǴӵ󣬺ϾȻ΢΢֣ӭҲз紵ⶼԤʾεĺ̺ܲƽ
ǰУԽԽ󣬺ҲΣЩҺɫĺˮΪأи׼һºˮооǸ̲·Ͳˮһ㣬ʲôҺ塣
ããҺɫϣӿҶСҹսһ㵭İ׹γɣΪƽȵĺУ漸ʮҾ޴ҡҡλΣ·ܹϵĸҡȥ
䡭һҶСڵս𣬷·ײʲôһ㡣
ô£ɻź濴ȥ
ҶСž⣬·ܹ͸ˮеĶж
ѵ޵ĺǣɻ˵˿ȻŤͷҶСʵҪ𣿡
ҶС絭Ŀһ۶أû˵һЦ㬵ߵһߣʹϵš
ôˣǲǲʲôܿʵ
ƽĺͻȻ˴磬ҲΣ²żȻоʲôֹ̤ϵڰСҶСü˵е㲻ȷһִĸо
ܿ˵ɣǼȻѾѡȥڰ죬ôһһ
ãҶСͻȻһЦҲǣִ̫Щˡ
䣡սٴһ£𶯵ķȱϴλҪ󣬴ĵ˶ͣĿܡ
ѵнʯҶС
ʱθˣǸ߶׶࣬һֻҺɫˮɽ˹ǱɫĹâ赲
ҿܿӵսͼֽҪȻҪɳһȥؾ޴ⱻײƷ
⺣ˮܸʴ˵ꡭͻȻ䣬һҽ漴һӻҵ
ҶСŤͷһȴһҾ޴ϣһɫ԰ޱȣϻеĺƣϸɫâӿԼҴҡڲΪգʱҪһ㡣
䣡
üͬʱԼƣҴ̶䰲ȵǰУһ󣬸ղɫ԰׵ɫήң·˾޴Ĵһ㡣
ֵĲҽиһӣ˶ˮȻӵŸʴ̫ˡ
ľ㿴ǰ棿ҶС绹ҴϵĸʱߵķܿͻȻ˵
ҶСϽתȥֻԶƮһƬƣҶС¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫôͻȻֺƣ
ĿһУʮӵʱҶС˫ĿͻȻһһƬȻһʲôưһָͬһСĻҺɫ֪档
Щʵ̫ˣղžҲԶҶСûп
Сĵ㣬ǰƬȫɻҺɫɵģԼҶСһѵ
䱸ţδ֪ĳӣһҪСģ˭Ҳ֪ЩСʲôԣĹ
ܿһƬơ洬ϵĸҲ˺ƣз޴ϵĸһɫأһʱ׼ֵӣûзľ޴ϣеĸϹâͬʱһ֣âýҴȫҲб޻
ˡսǰУҶС綼ЩȶĻҺɫСӿͷƤ顣
ڣҶСڵսЩҺɫСӽӴˡ
ҶСһսЩҺɫС˷·ʲôöһ㣬һԶ
ɲǼ䣬սΧȫЩҺɫСӰԶԶ𣬾սϸһڲһ㡣
޴ҲһΧСӣЩھ޴ΧĹĻϣľ
ǡϸ΢׽Ķڲ
áҶСɫһ䣬Щڿʳ֣֣һܹǼȥ
ҶСĻ˸ŰɫĹĻһµЩǿĹԣռ䶼ڲ
䣡
ڹĻϵĳȫ˳ȥ𾪵ǣǾȻûһֻ̫ˣ⵽ôһ£˶һĿɿڴӡ
ղŴĹжô£Ƕ֪ǾȻûиЩһ˿˺̫˾ˡ


1727 
ҶСһҴϵ˳ֹ޴ϵĸҲֹһ⣬ЩҺɫСֻܹɢܹɱǻˡ
һĻ˶ˣĻ鷳ʹˣִӣʱǸͷ
ЩҺɫСӱǿĹ𿪺󣬼˹ҧɢĹĻ
䣡
ʱֻܹǿĹĿǰ˵Ҳֻ취
˰Сʱʱ䣬жһѻǶǸĶ֣Ǹܹߡ
ͻȻ䣬һҴϴһΪҵĲҽȥֻһʥظ˻ҺɫСӣЩСӼΪ׺ݣü˺ҧֵѪ⡣
һĻͷƤˣһҴϵ˶֪ЩСʲôʱ˹Ļڡ
ÿһҴҺɫСӰͿĶЩСҧ˹Ļ˽ǽ󣬲û˺ҧһҵĸ֣ȵСӽǲſʼɼӵкܸߵǻۡ
ͷƤ飬ֵĲҽһ⣬·ЩСԼ˺ҧһ㡣
ɫâֱŷһֵСӱ˿һֽҧס
ҽϣЩС쳣˺ҧرޣתۼ䣬ľʱϵɭɭ׹Ƕ¶˳ЩСӲûз׹ǶڿС
Χ˲֣µľֺݺ£ҪЩСȫնɱղŵһĻ̫ľˡ
ǵĹǿޱȣǸɱЩӣ·ЩӶԹߵһ㡣
һΪСӸһҴ˴˼鷳
ҶСһҴϣΪʥ˵ԭûһֻӽ룬ϵĸֶڲϵĹЩСӿ
վսΪԵҶС磬˫ĿĿŵпµЩӵʱһ˿˿ͱЩСӵıƤˣʱֻӷ·Ϊһ֡
ЩͳӲԭҶС
֣ĳһơ
䣡
ҶСһƷΧڵĳȫΪޣһĻ˹Լ֮ѾķˣЩӸûа취Ϊá
һȻ˴ֶע⣬һĿеĿҶС硣
ЩӸͲȴֵסǿҶС˽͵һĻϳһСڣһֻСӷ˽ǸСڹرա
ҶС첲ָһһӵֻСϣֻСһӾͳ˷ĩ
СӺܴģֻҪǵ㡣ҶСǺһЦ˵һץϣһľͷҶСץ˹
һģЩľͷȫΪ˾ţëһľޣƮɢҶСǰ
˵ע£ҶС˫һӣЩΪϸСľ޷ٴ̳
֮⣬ЩС䣬ȫһĻ˶һĭ۾⣬һĦȭ׼֡
ǵӣҶС翪Ц˵Сһ㣬Ҫսˡ
ᣬᡣ˸Ͻ˵һȲĳ
˳֣ҶСŤͷȥֻöബ϶һƬңЩСӶѾ˽ȥʱʱвҽһĻ΢΢üѵЩӸͲķԸǡ
ҶСĻһ˹ҶСҴ˵ֶκһ۾ޱȣк˷ܣ׷ַ
ߣЩСţȥ
ȥȥ
ܶһһ߹ЩСӣȫûһ֮˵ӣо֮һ㡣
еԹ̫ˣȫ˳
ҶС֮ԻǣΪҶСжôʴȣҶСоǰ滹գЩڣܹһá
˷ûжãⷽеСȫնɱһգܶҴϵľͷèץһ㣬ȱһ飬ȱһ顣
ӵ쵽ڰ˼գЩСӣкζĽʯȺǾ޴ޱȵУпֲ쫷磬иָޡ
Щ谭ȻǰУۿ֮ǰ˭Ҳһģĵõ֮ΪһǧܿͻﵽǸ磬ûֵܹסջ
ǰһʱ䣬һٶֺڿ˵ڰ졣
ڰޱȣ·Ƭռһ㣬ʱʱ֣һλõĸо


1728 ֵ
һ޴ĲۣҶСĴ£ڵ˵ڰ졣
䣡
ս΢΢𶯣Ϊƽȵͣɳ̲ϣǰ汻һ΢΢ŤĿռ赲ڰеκζ
ҶСǰһ߳սҲ׷״ս£һ󷨽սա
ʱľ޴һҿǶõսɹ̶һλãȻĿͶҶС硣
Ѿ˵ڰ죬ǵô˵鿴˶ٵľ룬Ҫõֻ֮иҶСˡ
˵ҶСҡҡͷ˵ǲÿңֻ֪֮ڵڰϣھҾͲ֪ˡ
˿˿ҶС磬΢΢˼ţ·˼ҶСһǼ١
û˵Ŀ⣬ҶС羲վĿ˵ĶʵλѾ˸ĸ֣˭ܹõ֮ǾҪˣʱȻܹøĸָˣһõ֮Щ˻һչ¶ͬʱԸ
Ƭ̺ѪӰһ˴ŤĿռγɵĹĻ˹ȥӺһ˽롣
ʮӵʱٽϵɳֻ̲ʣҶСһ˻һ֧Ķ顣
ǵȴҶСĶҶСûж˯ˣ˰Сʱʱ䣬ҶСȻûж·Ͷ֮һ㡣
ҶСûжЩһ֮ɫĿҶСһۣȻ˽ȥ
ٹʮӵʱ䣬ҶСŻ˫Ŀһۣ¶һĨЦݣ˵Ҳȥɣ
һΪƭǣ֮ͲغٺһЦ˵漴ŹĻȥ
һ򶼺ܳʵģԲƭˡҶСһЦҲ˹ȥ˶ԽĻ
ոմŤĹĻǰȻһռ˺ֻܶ࣬Һɫɫ֮϶˼⣬·Ƭռ䶼Ⱦ˲ɫ
ڰһĵ죬ϣϽͰ档
ϣһľïܣȻ㻨ҡҷήҶһ˥ܵľ־Ѳϵر任ţ˶ܹСḶ́˵ĸоǣһãһӵ
̫ˣڰ쾹Ȼӡؾ˵Ĵ졣
ֲ֣ͬò֮ӵеһܿŹâ
ҶС翴˿ܣû˵ʲôǰȥһʮɵľ룬ٶȷǳ죬תۼͽ˴С
ڰϣعһ˿ı仯˵ҶСѾܹɢ幫֮ĵطˡ
УƬͻвϽĴУһЩޣЩ޿˳һ㹥ûС
ҶС߽˴֣һȥ
ͻȻ䣬һҽӵڰĵڴ˳һҽΪƳ·ҽеǸž޴ʹĥ
ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һУŹâ·˼ĳЩ
Դӽ˴ҶСһԲԹ⣬ߵʱ˫΢΢һööָ׸һСķγɣһû뵽գһû˵˵£·ڲʲô
ףľߵĲһֱߡͻȻ䣬ؿǰߵҶС˵
ȷʵһֱߣǻСǰ׶˵ҲĿͶҶС磬·Ҫһ͡
ֱȥСڲĻҾԲҪôȥǵɡҶСƽ˵Ѿýʲôˡ
Խؼʱ̣ԽܹűˣסֻԼҶСõ֮ǿˣǹƽ䣬Ҳ˻вʲô¶
ҶСĻҲû˵ʲôһĸҶС硣
ÿһͻҵֱʮҵŰ
תۼ䣬ѾСʱʱˣǰУҶСһѾ
УһƬҺɫס˵ȥ·һɫâʱʱӻҺɫ͸˵Ĺ졣
ҶСͣ˽ŲϸĹ۲ţУƬҺɫһԲΣڣҶСͲ鿴ȥΧкöִŹ̬ȣ·ʵڲϵĹ۲졣
ȽȥˣܻΣաҶСŤͷĿһɨ˿ѵ
£һ߽ڡ
ء׶໥˿ͬʱ˵ͷ˽ȥ
ʱѾҶСĹǣҲһõ֪֮ˡ
Һɫڣǿҵڰ֮ҶСεȫǰߣûһ˿ҲûռĲ


1729 ֮
ҺɫŸĴҶС緢˺ܶһĸڵϣϻҺɫӿڵλ÷·̺ĳ¹ɡ
󷨣ҪʲôҶС˿ܣǰС
ǰУһ·ϣ˸ĸ֣ҲСǰУȻ˺ֺܶͶһĸս
ЩҶС綼ԶԶĶ˿˹ȥ˴ǰĿ֮ǲμս
ʱѾȷԨɢǵ׹֮ɢġ
ڣҶСž⣬ǰǰУоһɹɴķӿȫСĴʣⶼǶһ󷨺
ѵڰʲôҪĶɣҶСٶȸ˺ü
ǰıУռеĻҺɫԭԽ٣ʥĹԽԽࡣ
أƬռֳ㣬ײʥĹԣǻҺɫɹɻҺɫȫۡ
ʱҶСָʮķΧѾܵλõ
λڣһһСѩ׾ӨĻ䣬ЩĻΪԲΣӨڹâתһȦȦƴʥĹԴӻڵԲã·ܹҫʮأһС
һ仨ʱҶСһѾϳˣǾ֮ǵۡصŮӶѾ֮ӡ
ʱ֮ƺܲϷһӰΪģȶϺӿ·񡢶䡢ԴȪһɹɵӿ˹ϣƼΪǿ
·ǲҶСһģӣȻ˫ĿɲǼϻҺɫӿǿѹԡ
ҶС缱æջʪ͸ˣղǵӰʵ̫ˣǻۺͻ𣬷·ֻҪһۣܹ
ǡͻȻϸ΢ͷһֻԼļȻ˹ѣմһ㡣
һĻҶС󾪣Ͻת鿴⾿ôһ¡
ʱ̺һķ룬ǹһ㣬Ͳܹǹȥǹ·ѾÿһϸУƻ߼
þ˰취ҶС綼ûнǹֻıƤҪȻҶС취ȥˡ
ѵѵΪǵӰһԵʣ
һӰ֮Դؼа񣬴ӿ·׼֮һ㡣
˿ԼѵļҶС΢΢ҡҡͷˣǹһ취ɣ
ĵλãѾʮ֣ЩʵǿޱȣǸĸ֣ۿ֮һӰ
ҶСǰУ֮ж׵ľʱֹͣһУķš
֮ϣǵӰϵӿȥڣһһСҫ۵Ĺâһ㣬ͿҪȫˡ
ҶСһԤУһҫ۵ĹâԨĳֱ仯
ȥǰ취һ𹥻ɣһĸȻ˵΢΢Ƴһ֮¶һ˿˿̰֮ɫ
УǸ˼ΪǸͲǶ֡һҡͷ˵
ѵҪĿ֮ɲɣһо޴Чġ˵
˶˼£֣֮ǵӰɣǾʲôòˣпǶϸܵ˼ΪŨҵ֮
ãһʥ۷ĸ˵ѾǱ붯ֶ֣ˣҲˣ־֮࣬һնɱǵġ
һ֪˵Ķʵ
û뵽ǲͬĸ־ȻܹʱΪһˣְɣѪӰһһʥ۷ĸ˵
˶˵ͷ
ʼ֡ʥ۷ĸִһϰɫӿ·һһ㣬ƺƵӿ˹ȥ
˸ԶԼΪǿľѧ
ʱ䣬ƬУʮµĹ֮ǵӰХȥ
ʮൽᴩգûһУƳһ赲
ͻȻ䣬֮ϣ˫Ŀ˫ͬǺڶһ㣬ɢһеĺڹ⣬Ϊɭ·ھһ㡣
µܹһеĺɫâʮֵĹȥ
䣡
𶯣Ƭռ䶼ڲһڵѷγɣһƬռǾһ飬ɹɺڵѷС
ŵŵšɱ£ʮĸֶ˳ʮಽɫе԰ס
֮ǵӰϢе㲻ȣҲܵһĳ


1730 
ܹƬоǺХһ㣬ǵܾһиĸֶֺ֮ˡ
ɶȺϣһὫǱΪʵūֺ͡зµ·ر仯عе΢΢Ļҡ
ԶҶСɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺʲôһ㡣
˷ݡͻȻ䣬֮ϣվϺϣڿնħٰ˷
ȻѾ뿪֮ǣаŹâŨŨû뿪
ʱؼƱãһɹڷ·һɫĳһӿĺɫ˹ȫûڣϵƴڽ
ף֣ЩһĸôԵ޹ʵĶˣڿӵҶСԼԼôһ
۾һ·ͨʲôһ㡣
ߣȥĵشдһ΢
ǶˣӦҪһϷҪˣҶС
ǣҵŭɣվգīһĺڷ裬ϺĿĺ͸¶һ˿һ֮ǵء
ϵƣʮֵɫ˱䣬һһû뵽ͻȻôǿǷʵѾʥķ롣
ʱѾûжѡˣֻܹһɱף׵նɱӡ
Ⱥħ衣ĸ֣˫ޱȵӡħϣһֲӰצʮȥÿӰ϶̺ȵȸϢֱӳ˵ꡣ
ħ
ʥ
Ѫϡ
һɡ

ʮĸַ׷״˿µĹһһֲƬռ䶼ܹ顣
ڿһĻҶС磬ͻȻһ󾯾ܵһΣյϢŤͷһֻޱȵĺӰ˹
սˣҶС΢΢һ̾˵ղʱ򣬿֣̽Ѿ˶ԷľԷҪʰԼˡ
ҶС˫л̺˫ֻһޱȵĹ켣һɢҶСΪĵĿռ䷺ȦȦ
ֲĺӰոյҶСΧЩռ䷺ʱȻɢ
һĻҶС¶˾֮ɫţӰȻôȻһӱԼɵˡ
תۼ䣬ҶС˹ЩӰһЩԹ۳ɵĶĶԼǡЩĿǡ
䡭
ǿ˳ʮޱߣԲڶܹĸܵ⻹ΪԨƬطȽԵʣҪȻղֱֹӶܹС顣
ʱŤͷҶСһۣɱȻʱʮսһУڲգҪȻһʱնɱҶС磬ҶСϸܵŨŨв
ÿµΪսѾﵽǸ硣ܵԷĿ⣬ҶСһͻ
ಡͻȻ䣬һӰ֣ǶǸĸ֣Ϊʥء
һĻӵɫһ䣬ſһϺȫӿڣϵϢǿһݡ
Ͻ֣ҪȻҪ֮ˡô٣һʥ۷ĸֺһҲ׷Լ˴
ɱ
һʱ䣬Щֶ׷նɱ˹
ҡھһ߿һʢսһ߿֮УͰɫâĽһĻҶС磬ͻȻ䴫һ
˭ҶС羯Ŀ˿ܣɢһ񲨶
Ҿ˵֮ǸɶĸҪңҡǸдһ˿ͽ
Ѿ˺ܳʱ䣬϶ӵǿޱȵҵʵ̫Сˣô㣿ҶСѯʵ
֮Ű׹̺·ܹԨȫݻ٣ֱͬǳ£æҲܹжá
ûп֮ǰҶС绹һҪõ֮ǵ֮ʱһУ֮Ը⣬ҪȻ˭ûа취õ
ȻСȴ⣬ܹоһĿãİæһһݣϣҪȻҾҪˡǵٴ
ҶСĬ飬һᣬ֮֮ƱػǷһ飬ʱҪ֮ģһӦġ
ұˣдˣҲܵϵϢһħͷҵǿԾģ̫ƻˣ˺ֶܶΣʧһЩԴҡΪҶС粻ӦǵϽ͵


1731 Ӥ
һҶСһ˿Ц֮ǻȻ൱ߣȴͨʣֱһŰֽһ㣬ƺеСԡ
⼸仰УϾܹжϳһԼæԼҪһӦġ
ô㣿ҶСɻʵ
ʱѾ͸ĸִսֻһſֲޱȵĺҪæƱؾҪ֮ǰǣƬУιͲܹôæأ
ֻҪԸ⣬Ķҡǵ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ãҴӦ㣬ҿҪһˣϣܹӦҡҶС˵
û⡣ǵԥûУֱӶӦ
ǵո£ҶСϳһ׹⣬ռ΢΢һ˲ʧˡ
ҶС绺󣬷ԼȻ֮޴ڲȶͷſ°ɫʥͺɫ
ں͸սӣͻȻһ֮ڵҶСһۣɭɭ⡣
ҶС·ûиоһ㣬ʵҸô죿
ӤңҺǲһнսõģһὫãͬʱʣв֮ǵ
Ӥ壿㲻ǿЦɣҴûôɣҶСɻ˵
޳ӤȻûг̫˼ˣ㻹Ӥáǵ͸¶һ˿ľȡ
Դ츳ߵľﵽ򾳽츳߾ĹͲǺ˽ˣû뵽ӤȻܹ壬̫˼ˣ䣬оһȴŽҪ򿪡
ˣҽ̸ֻҪӤ壬ҾͻҵС֮ȻҶС紫ӤļɣһЩ֪ʶ
츳ߣûжñˣҶСԼӤ뿪͸оԼǱֳһһڣһ棬һ˱Ϊ˵ָо
ʱȻܹԼ壬ҲܹӤΪһꡣ
Ӥոճ壬ҶС͸оԼؼûǰڴ״̬֮£ҶСұ֤Լʵ̵ʱڵõܴ
ǿбɽ֪ھ򰡣ܹ֪ӤĻڵΪѾﵽʥ۷壬ҶС
ʱһɫӰɫĹӿҶС֣ͻȻ䣬һɺɫӿҪֹ֮ҶСС
ߣħͷȻֹңһΪһ׹ٴһӻɢ˺ɫҶСӤʧˡ
Ӥʧʱ֮ڵҶС˫Ŀָл
İɫâ͸ڣһϢųѵļȫָÿϸŴɱ䡣
˵ҶСӤʧ󣬱һĿռУռзΪ룬һǰɫһǺɫģһһӰڼҵսӰӵòһģһӰһԼʮŮӡ
ʱŮ΢΢·磬ҶСһõĲʵ״̬
ҶСվڰɫһ棬ȻܹóŮӶȻ֮ĻˣӾ󲿷ֵıԴ
ңնħͷŮӳǲǰߵ
СңԹԵվһߣҪȻСɢĿųв
㵱ŴģǵûпҵӤвֻһʧˣҲԪ˶ѡҶСЦֱӶ츳
ں֮ս΢΢һܵҶС繥Ӱ죬ôһ˲䣬֮תΪ˳ƽ״̬˭Ҳκβ˭
Сӣɫѿޱȵ˵˫ĿڹųҶСӤ
ʱ䣬ҶСоһɿֲѹ٣ԼӤһܶ·Ǳһ㣬һĻҶСһ󾪣Է̺ôֲ治֪ʵ춯صĳ̶ȡ
ߣҵУҲܹ˺ҵˣŮЦһҶСǰԶһɫĹĻֱӸѹ
ҶСһͷӤ˲ʧԭأĵط
ʱڹ˰ɫĹĻϣһɫĻѷ죬ڹҲȻޱȣײ𣬿µ
һĻҶСһļ£ղԼĻԼӤֱӻ飬Է̫ǿˡ


1732 Թ
СӣңҿԸϵ㲽ľ硣ҶС˿ӱԴ֮γɵӰĶҶС˵һ߸ϵӡ
ǻУԿҶСͶҶСĸһ㡣
ðȽҵΪ񾳡ҶСһڴӦ
⻰ӵɫѿ񾳣ǼֱΣʱʵûдﵽ硣
ǲ֪ôϣΪԼѡڣһ˵һ䣬˫ĿǷŭ֮ɫҶСΪūѾǸҶСӣǶԷȻ飬ʵ̫ɺˡ
һڵģū֪ͣôģο֮гģһŹҵġҶСĶ˵ͬʱ˫лһĪĹ켣γɣ֮һصķʽɢ˿ռС
ˡƬռй˿𶯣·ҶСлĹ켣͹˿˹
ͻȻ䣬ƬƬӨѩ׷£ÿһƬѩڲɫʵĹâ֣һּΪΰ
Щѩ֮ӱԴ۳ӰγɵС
Ȼǵ򳡣Ƕ޷ЩƬƬӨѩ
ôܣ򳡽ĿռУ¶˲֮ɫУֱ治ҲƲЩѩ
Щѩ׷£һǣ£ȫϣڽڡ
ͻȻ䣬ϵϢеңʹ֮ɫ֮Ļ˵һû
õİɫʥҫ·һС̫һ㣬ĳذɫӿȥתۼ䣬Ӿ·硣
ҾԲŹģһܾΪпĳͷӷŭĺ
仰㶼֪˵˶ٱ飬Ҳ֣ҲԸңЩһĸ־ǺܺõӣЩ֮ԻڰԳɶһ壬ȫΪ㣬ûв´ɣҶС綢˵
¶һ˿֮ɫû뵽㻹ͦģȻܹ³ңңҪٵĻָΪֻܹҵĻ
ѵҲʱĸֲɣҶСһʵ
ǣԨеһѣռȵƿԨ֮Ļ˵
⻰ɫѿޱȣ˫Ŀŭڣһڼ߹߰һӽҴݣ߳ŭˡ
ռȵҶСɻ˵һ䣬е⣬û뵽֮Ļ龹Ȼ֪
ԨʱǰڣһΪǿޱȵĸֵ֮أҲ磬ʱг䡢ȵȸϢö֮ЩϢںĸֵһ˿˶飬Ǹ飬ҪȻ󳹵׵ƿԨ¡֮ΪҶС͵
ҶСޱȣû뵽ԨȻôͷֲععкܴĲͬʱһֵ磬ҲֲԨԶһá
ʱҶСѾͷʱ磬ҲԨУʱݱ䣬һ飬˺ܳʱӵǿʵҪٵΪջһڰֻṩԴ
ĸΪ飬ҲڰǶһ
ε¼Ӧֻ鷢̰֮֮ģҪκ֮ҲѹƲס
ǳĹӦǶѹƲס֮ĹâǹǿƵԵʡ
ҶСǽԨ䱻һǣǰ黯ɵӳֵĽ
۶֮ǣҲֱۣ뽫һ򾡣ȫΪūͣκγ⣬ļƻûгɹ
һҪӴһϺ·һֻɫľޱȵ
ռ䲨һȦһȦɢҶСһ˽սʱĿһ߶ӳ֡
Ŀǰ˵ҶСʵӲԶĹأȫܹӴ޾鷳
ҶСİæ£֮ŹâϰŵĺɫâѾɢһ롣
Ӻͺַܶսģʱһһƴ
ϵϢǲȣϺüͷˣĸҲùкܶϵƤȫãɢһɸõζһ֮
һ벿ֱԴں֮Ļս̺һ㣬ôֵĹҲеԲ
̫ɶˣСӣ㻵ҵĺ¡˫Ŀųݺݵҧ˵


1733 ƶ
ںĿռУϣȣ·Ҫռȫûϵƿֲ֮ƺƺƣӾʮء
֮ĻҲΪʥԷ·ܹؼиĶ
һһ׸ռڽɽ˾ҵսһҶСҲһʥĹâ֣ǻ麦ҶСܵԷƵĳóġ
ȻҶСʵߣǣֹĹӴ޾鷳Ͳܹһһս
ʱʱҶС磬ſޱȵĹعâɱӨȻ
гŭ𣬺޲ýҶСж˿飬ûзŵһﾹȻô鷳˱״̬ܹŭ
˵սޱȣͻȻ䣬ӷ·ǷӦٶһ㣬УһưɫʥޱȵĹâһӻ˶Է
΢΢ɢ˳ȥɳȥķǡҶСڵķ
һԸ鷳ҶС磬оһΣ٣ĵá
Ѿ֪ӵĿľϽƶ׼ȥһֲƽ֣ΧĿռ䶼·𶳽һ㣬ҶСһҲܶнޱȡ
ǡӤϾȻһѺۣôȥӤƱҪ߽ˣһʵʧһࡣ
Ҹıעˣһ㡣һЦΪһӰҶС˹
ҡ֮Ļ齹ĺҶС綼û뵽ҪնɱҶСľôǿҡ
һ߰ޱȵĸ֣е޾鷳ôܹ
֮УҶС¶֮ɫ֪ԼӤҪˣѾԪ˵׼Щһȴô޷ȫ
δˡҶСһڣ˵
ʱһڷɳһûǸɫźͺŵĿռڡ
Уӱþ޴ޱȣſھҶС˹ȥ·ҪҶСɺΪ
ۿҶСҪˣݡһ⴩͸ռҶСǰγһŮӵӰŮصŮӡ
ŮƮƮɣϽϣ·һŮٶ£һɨĳһǿޱȵĽɫâų۳һֻ֣ɨ˹ȥ
ˡƬռֹ·Ҫһ㡣
һ¶˿־֮ɫܣôĸ֡
μˣȻ޷ܹȥ
䣡
ɫľһϡ
Ӳҽһһӱ׷˺Զһʧһ룬ģ·Ҫɢһ㡣
ڵһ̺ȫһԺͿԼˡŮתҶС˵Ӱģɢ
лл㡣ҶСм˵ҿŮӣҪȻӤ飬Ԫˣ˭֪ʲôʱָܹԶԻָˡ
磬ں͸սӣͻȻɫһ䣬һڻҺɫѪήҲ񣬷·ܵ˾޴Ĵһ㡣
ɱѾˡ
ϽնɱնɱǾܹõ֮ˡڶִһбų֮ɫƴĹӡ
ʱսΧվڶʥظ֣һЩʥظ֣֪նɱӣ֮ҲһͻᵽС
ڶУܿĿɫܣ·Ѱʲôһ㡣
۳ɵĿռڣܵ˾޴شʵǰͲǻĶ֣վںϵһ棬ɫޱȣⶢҶС硣
лģҶСΣϣ
л㣬Ӥܵ˴ˣ뿪鲢ûսǳҶС˵
ҶС˵ͷӤѳһѷ죬Ҫúһʱ䣬ָܹ
ҵĻУٻظġ鰲еİɫʥ⣬ҶСӤȫռ΢΢ζҶСӤʧƬռ䡣
УҶСüλõĿռͻȻӤӤΪһâͥ
ͻأ䣬ҶСɫĲҰޱȡ
þָƣѾܹƿȫˡҶС˫ĿһƵİɫԣҶСڣϸȵȱĴޱȣҲӤ
ʱսһѾܵشӣݺݵıѹţһɳһ㱻鹥š
һİɫʥ̺ǿľ֮ϣϵĺͻһ֣ŹŵЩֻʣ˱һ㣬·ʱҪɢ
ŹѾܵشҲܹвˡӶŻ˵
ܣ̫ˣҪ㣬ҪȻ綼ֺԥľܾˣеİɫʥ۳״һӽС
ɶҵģȻˣҲùɫ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ԹأԨڰɣǶҪӿЦһϵĺȻɢҲһʧˣ·ռ䡣


1734 Ԩʧ
áʧɫһ䣬ޱȣ֮ڲŰɫâԻ۳һŮӵӰŮӾӨѩһڻϣϹҳһĨɫ
ʱҲʧֻˡ
ˣ
ˣҪõ֮ˡ
˷ܵĺ·Ѿ֮ǰȴȥժ
쿴ʲô
֮ôվһŮӣʲôˣ
һЩ˷׷ۣȻʱǶõ֮ǣǷԼͿ͸֮վŮӣŮӷ·Ǻƺ棬ɲ⡣
䣡
ʱԨݺݵĲ·ԨҪһ㡣
˶ҪҪԨʱһԨ·һ㡣
иֵɫ˱䣬Ȼܹӵ
Ȼû
⡭ǣ
ƬռعΪһ壬仰˵ѾƬռعһˣݡһʥ۷ĸ΢΢һ̾˵鲻Խ˻һۣʱﻹܲ׸ղźսӲһѣ˼ʵǿޱȣҪȻҲܻΪعһ֡
ֵĻ˶һлŲѣԷΪعһ֣Ҫնɱǣֱ׾ٵ顣
¡¡
ʱСص£˾޴·ǻ֮Ԩݺݵҡ
ȵָԨУһźɫĻ۶£޾ĺɫ쫷
ҽͬʱ𣬵ɫմȾϵˣ·һ㸯ãƤѡⸯãŧҺޱȡ
ƬռУĺɫӰ£ϡСϣһѷγɣϻҺɫðãã򣬻Һɫˮӿ·ҪûԨ
Ԩ֮⣬Ƭԭϣ־ۼŬţͻȻ䣬ǰĺʧ¶һԨԨͻȻݺݵ½ҲܵӰ죬
һ½е˶֪ԨˣһԨȥ
һ̣ԨеعޱȣֶԸֵƷ·ʧˡ
ߡϽ
ܡ
ܶ˷׷״նȥ
ܿػ׶˲鿴һܣûзҶСӰ΢΢һ̾¶ϧ֮ɫ׷ȥ
飬ѾƬռعΪһ壬ǸСӱһſޱȵھ֮
Ƭռ䣬ݺݲһ޴ޱȵӰӰӺӵһģһ
㻹ǿҪƴһӣ˵ܹӳһ㳹ûˡҡҡͷ˵
ûˣ˭ûˣѾԨعһ֣Ԩ޴ӰſһЦͻȻ䣬ЦȻֹ·뵽ʲôһ㣬һ֮ɫĿŻ飬㡭ò롭
гһĨ־壬ֹ
ȷʵǸ㣬ҽԨĸγɣʱ䣬й䡢ࡢԨңôҲΪҶߵͷ鵭˵͸¶һɼᶨ
㡭㲻ԲܣһҲ޴Ӱһ˵͸¶޵Ŀֻš¡
֪һб鵭˵
ӣһ£Ӵ˺Ǿˮˮô޴ӰϽ˵
ǲܵģѾΪƬռعһ֣ò˶ãǻ᳹׵ʧԸԲۿˣ˭֪Ժᷢʲô飬Ϊװȫڼ䣬Ԩʧҡҡͷᶨ˵
֮еҶС磬ǵ̸һɲõԤУ·ǻҪԼ׵ĻԨ
ʥգ˰˸֣˫չһӵƣȫһ壬һС̫һ㣬ɫʥãҫ졣
纣һʶ
һڻеҶС磬оԼԴͻȻһѣ׵ʧȥʶʲô֪ˡ
ʱ½˶һɲޱȵİɫʥԨԨг
䣡
ɽҡض½ݺݵĲһ£Ԩ˲ʧ·ûдڹ


1735 Ե֣
Ԩ¼һһ㣬ǿ𶯣ˣҲУ嶼ˡ
֮ԨеϢ͸¶漴ǸĸǰȥǰȥЩ֣Ȼ֮ƨûеõ
Ԩʧһһ㣬ǰȥһǧֻֻʣ˲İʧ˴ĸ֣嶼ʧء
£ÿ嶼ŭˣǷ׷׽ìͷָ壬˵רƵһ壬ƽȻɱ
ɵɣ廹ĵĽͣ鲻ܹǣǶԨҲ֪
Ÿѹȣ̬ǿӲ˵һжҵģ̰ǵûǻʧô鷳ԣǷ㡣
ʱ嵱ȻֳܹҪȻ϶Ḷ޴Ĵۣο±Ͳǡ
ǿӲ̬ȣҲûʲô취ֻܹͷϣ辯˵һЩݻʵȴûʲôж
ϾʵҲǿޱȣûԸֵͻԷƴƣ²ĸ嶼޷ܡ
ԨʧȵȵϢ˻ʱһŮҶС磬ʮʹ߶˵ҶСû£ǣȻ԰
½Եشľʢݴ̣޻һЩܰ˱ǵɹ
һŮӣѩĸ첲Ͽһɫ֯ɵӣŨܵı̲ݣһ˺ͮͮˮĹȥ
ƺЩĲɣĿ룬֪ʲô
ѽͻȻ䣬һһģǱʲôһ㡣
ŤͷȥֻïܵĲݴһӣӻ㣬һͷڷѳһѷ죬ѷһƵĺ
壬Ƥһ㣬ҶС硣
ΰޱȣԼеԨعΪһӲģƴһ
ֲ£ҶСˣ˲䣬ҶС˳ȥǡó
ҶС磬ŮӽһȻ󻺻壬һĿҶС磬֣ޱḧҶСգɫԣľжð
ŮӵѾ֮ˣǰ
ôصˣһܹô˷ݡþãŻָǣ˵
ҶСһۺйâɢҶСһԽ׵𣬽ҶСȫУ˸Ϳʲô
ҶС磬Ŵȥ
仹ǰӣ·ûʲô仯һ㣬һ·ˣǶкɫܹΪǶ֪ľˣľʵǿѾˡ
ҶС磬ľСľȥһݶĿڰжŰƺЩɻ󣬻еζ
ֻôһӣȻˣҪΪҶᣬҶԸ㣬ǻˡһ
ľСľݱҶС粼󷨣ޱȣ˭޷鿴Сľڵ
ҶСƤĴϣȻӷһСľУҳһƿҩҺΪͿĨҶСһѷС
ҶСϵѷ֮γɵģͨҩҺûа취ֻܿҶСԼڵֶųɾ
ҶС˿ڴȫͿĨҩҺ󣬰ڴ߾ĿҶС磬ĿЩ롣
˵ģǴһŮӣһЩеŮӶȲϣһСľУһŹâһ׷ԲԵ˵¶һ˿̰֮ɫ
ģһʣ׷ԲԵ߹ͣһ£˹ӡ
ʲôʲô¾;˵е㲻ͷ˵
ѾǴһ˾ʥ񡣡
ңĶ˵бųһĨɱ⣬ǸŮжôжôĶأѾǲ֮ˣ˭ԸҪ
ǣ˵꣬ȻǴһ־ʥ񣬵ȻǴ֮˳ϻ̳Ͽֵ˵
ɻĿˣƺѯԭ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻǴ֮һ㣬ǲῴġ˸Ͻ˵۵¶һĨ˷ܻһ˿ĺ
ģľǰΪߡ껹˵˱㽫ľȫ˵һ顣
гɣֱ֮˵Ŀɶԣ궢˵ź⡣
ӱе˽ģǸΪ˹ֻܹϰŮӣ˶䲻ϡҧ˵


1736 
⻰ЩƮƮȻһƨĵ泩ȻڵĴЩ˵ԶˣΧʮУȴΪǿĴڣ˵Ůӳ⣬˶䲻ϣȻϲޱȡ
ðɣ˴ϵķϣһȥǵĴӲ죬ʱ򣬼һ棬ͬ˵һס飬ǣҷƭҵģôһ֪ƭҵ³ض˵һ־ζ
ףôƭأ΢΢һϥӣĺ⡣
ľնɱΨһĶӣҾ㳢Ů˱ռеζкݺ뵽
ľСڣڴߣôؿҶС磬˫Ŀ飬·ҪҶСС
һ죬һҹȻһ죬һֱڴûжһ˿·´ҶСһ㡣
ʱҶСһѷѾȫˣƤһļָ
ͻȻ䣬ָһ£Ȼ˫ĿĿһ˿ãɫݶʱɻˡ
ǰһĻΪϤ΢΢Ťͷ˴һٻӰʱľķ䡣
ҲԨôͻȻľľУ뵽
ҶСɻỽһ
˫Ŀ룬ϹҸ΢Ц·ڻʲôõĶһ㣬ҶСĺʱ΢΢һ˫Ŀָɣ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ˣϲ˵
ţǣҶСѯʵ
ǵĴ䰡ȥּɼʹʱ򣬷˲ݴˣ㽫˻ҶС˵Ŀ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҶСһȻ󻺻³Ͷȥһм񣬡лл㡣
ҾȻѾԨѵǻ齫˳Ҳ֪ôҶС
ͬʱ鿴ڵʱѾûʲôˣͥеӤѾȫָˣǰӴˣڸϸӨ͸̺޵ĻоԼ״̬ãʵ·־һ
ף֮ôҵĵУҶС뵽ԼĵʱͻȻ䷢ϷһС֮УȦȦʥĹɢøΪ͸
ҶС·Ǵʲôһ㣬ոһӴһС֮һưɫʥ֣һʥ۳һӰ֮Ļ顣
˵ԨࡢȵȸָĵطѾҾʧˣѾҵʹҵı֮ΪĲ֣͸ˣӦÿ԰ﵽ㡣
˵꣬ɫʥʧˡ
һλҶСѾ˷ʲô飬Ѿˣ
Ԩ֮УҶСѾ϶ˣо޴ΣգΨһû뵽ǾĽ֡
Ϊ˳׵ԨʧԸԼУⲻܲ˸̾
ôˣǲ岻ͻȻ䣬˹һ˿Ľź͵ġ
û£ֻǸоЩյģһʱûˣõġҶСǺһЦ
⻰һ
ţȥɼЩʹҶСһۣȻ˳ȥ߳ŵһ˲䣬΢΢ŤͷҶСһۣ̾һ˵긴ӡ
ҶСεЦһ£Ȼ׼ʱڵ٣·һ㡣
Լǹӣ񲻾˵ԼѾˣЦһ£˫лһƹâӿûжñ۳һ·ֱӴϡ
һкҶСУԲڵ֮ӿȫҶСڡ
תܿ㱻֮ı֮ڵ΢΢ҡҷһȦȦİ׹ӿҶС絤ڣеʡ
ĸСʱʱ䣬ҶСһΪѾָ߳ɣûżŽΪȫָ׼Ȼָ
ָҲܹһͣҪĻָӣܹι̡
ȻΪͻˣʵѾﵽ˵߲۷ˣò˶೤ʱͻ߲۷壬Ǹʱ򣬿ʥУûҵĶ֣Ҳ֪ͻûСҶСдһ˿
һͻƣһ൱һ룬ĸҪԸһ򣬶Ҫúõ
ŰɫƤĴ£΢΢һ䣬תΪľӣߵСľݵĴǰһС
ѾȥܳʱˣôûлҶСüչѰΧһС
ͻȻ䣬ҶСɫ΢΢һ䣬Ĺâų
£Ѿʧˡ


1737 ɱ
½ԵشľڵǸʮĵطľ죬תʹܰ㣬ɫˡ
һƬǽʹľһſʹ⣬֪ǳĿɿڡ
һþ޴£Ҹ첲ϹժͬʹɫӵİŭĿǰ꣬߻꣬Щ˵̬ܹſЩ˶竹ӡ
Ƭʹŷֵģʹ֭ɿڡҶСժʹϸѡ֮£ժһӡ
׼ʱͻȻ䣬꣬סȥ·ͣѯѯǸȥȻŭޱˡ
ÿһˮİȵ
λҶһģһôͷɫڣɫƤµһϿҵؿŰ棬һ˾ӣе̰ȴ˵ַȶװġ
Ѿϲ˾ʥˣ㻹Ƿֻɣ˵ȻܼǿȴޱȣСû飬˵¶Ǽٵġ
λʥ֮ȴ˵Ѿ˾ʥֻ˭ŰһᣬƬʮУûбҼʺˡ˵
죬һѳй䣬û뵽ȴһλȻĶŮӡ
ŮվüĿ˵һϮ£ʥޱȣһĨɫҶɵǽĹ˳
Ůӣκ˶Ķ
Ůӵ˲䣬Ͱ¾ģʲôֶΣҪŮռΪУŮֻܹϡ
ôֻҪңұ֤Ժû˸۸㣬һ㡣Ű˵
Ѿˡҡҡͷ
⻰º͵ЦɲǼѿޱȣ˫Ŀ⣬ǲˣ
͵ֶεõŮӵϿɣǿӲֶΡ
ϲƯŮӣԷ壬ҪĻģһԼΪĶŮϲԼʾ˵ĳɾ͸У򲻵ѣ˶ϲֶΡ
˵ĶģŹҡ¶һĨ
ֽ̬ϧӣüҪõŮӲɡ
ܣϲ㣬Ͳȥˡɫһ䣬ᶨ˵
磬ҪֵھףǣǾʥõĻУ鳹׵İˡߣһٺһЦ˵
ǣ磬ɣֵΪտţǵĺ¡һ˸͵
󣬼û˵ŰŹâƺĳ־
˵ĻٿɫĻ֪һ̸ôźãԺгľӰǵһӰľתȴҶСԭӡ
ٸһλᣬԸԸңضŰʵ
ҧ˿ܣ꽫ܵ·߶ѾˣҪ뿪ͲܣίޱȣжỨȴǿû¡
ѾѡˣȻ˾ͱˣҲ볢ڻʥĸоһЦǰһ˫ۣ׼ڰֻѩϡ
һ˳һ˫µĵֵţǿֻ֮ɫ
ɫ֯ɵӴĸ첲ϻ£˵ϣһſʹһء
Щʹסˣ·ɢĲʹһ顣
˫ۼŰۿҪ˰ͻȻ䣬һһըƬռ䡣

һ·Ǵһ㣬Ƭռ¡¡¡ϵ𶯡
꣬һ˺岽֮Զ۾ӡжѪ
ͻأ䣬һӰͳ˰ǰһӰҶС硣
ľһӰĻί˫۽زҶСϣԴҶСļͷ΢ȭ˰
Өˮ£·ڷйԼίһΰˮûбΪӣʵʵڵˮ
㡭ʲôˣ֪˭𣿡Ǿ֮ɫĿҶС磬ȻȻɫ磬ȴܹ㡣
ҹʲôˣȥҶС˫Ŀųǹâɢ˵ĲƬռ䶼ǿҵĲ
оҶС˫Ŀ̺Ŀαˣһ˹ᵲǰ
ֱۡӱ飬ѪɽһѪ
ܵȵѪ׵ˣп־ޱȣɱҡɱҡ
ҵȻɱ㣬ҪҶСΪı䡣
ʱ׵ķŭˣܰˣޱϧȻκȥ۸
ۡ꣬һһ飬ѪȫɽڼϣѾմѪ
ʱҪˡ
𡭡ɱҡ𡭡һ˵طֹѾеҡ
ľɱˡ߰ɣҶС׼ֳμʱ˵¶һĨ֮ɫ


1738 
İһصѪлԡѪļкܲ
ɫҶС˵ͷŤͷһѪļξһҿ㣬ҪȻһնɱ㣬
ǡ͹͹ѾҶСŴˣŶ£ϽһȥһܣʱʱŤͷҶС磬ҶС綯һ㡣
죬ҶСֵһĻѾӡУѪɽĳԶǡ
ԶȥıӰҶСһĨ⣬Ѿ˺֪ܶ࣬ʲôնݳΣɱѿ״̬ǿвϲ綼նɱ˼
ҶСйâղʬȫУ̵ֲľʧˡ
ڻȥɣҶС翴˿ͷİ˵
ժһʹ˵һ䣬ȻҶСֱۣӵϼղǸӣȻӲݵϼЩûˤƵʹУժ˼ţҶС绺߻˴䡣
ҶСֱӴԽռ䣬СľУǿŴ̵ӣһܻǰߵӣûдš
ص󣬴Щ˼ҶС׷״кһ¶֮ɫ
ҶСȨȵһĻȻǵԺУҶСΪһΣȨȲһ߶ѣϵȨֻԼʵܹոȨ
û뵽ȻˣҲãΪڼиͲٺ١һľУһ˶ҶСͰıӰ﷢ëȻЦ
·Ѿˡľڼǰĵˣ֪νļӾڸողñľŵƨ֪ʲôĸ롣
̤γɵС·ǰߵҶСоڿŤͷȥһӱ㿴һˡ
ʱҶС΢΢һ㶣˵Ӻʹĸ׺ơ
ѵǴĸףû뵽ѾӣҶС
ĿһۣҶСջĿ⣬ڰһ߽ľСľС
Ͱһᣬ˼ʹҶС㿪ʼҶСĿһҶС磬Ҳʼ
ڰʱҶС絤ڣ֮ıҡؼӿתۼ䣬Сľڣͱ˰ããһƬ
ʱ򣬲ҶСӿ˺ܶ࣬ٶҲӿ˺ܶࡣ
ת۾Ѿҹ״̬ҶС˫Ŀ˫ĿΪѾָ۷״̬ʱʵȫԶԿʥغڵĸ֡
У΢΢һЦ˴ϣĿϢ
Դ뿪ģϾû˯ڵ˼㣬жΣյľ裬ǿȵսоһƣⲻھϵģġ
һ˯ʮ𣬷·еѹնһɨգѹ󣬸оϳģ۾ֻӶѹϣ˫۽ı·һ㡣
ҶСһ֮Уնɱľʹð˹¼ҹˣһݸôѡ
˺ܾã˶ӣӺҶСʱϷɳһĨΣϽҶС¶һ˿˼ɫЩӡ
Ѿн˳׵֪ǰһ࣬ľ
𴲺󣬰һΪСһ㣬ΪҶСкõʹƷ
ʱһŲԶ
ľҪйҪ峤֪ͨһͻȻ䣬һ
һ˵ҶСжᡣ
ʮӵʱҶСͰ˳ȥŴڵķȥʱ򣬼ȫ˶ĵĵȴʲô
ҶСѡһλãͰվһĻҶС˷ŴЩ˵ۡ
ĸײźۼĿҶСͰһۣǹҳһ˿Ц
ȴ˰Сʱʱ䣬ӿһɿֲϢֻֻһԶټ׵ĻЩ˵Ϊܸߣһ˶ܹɨľ䡣
һͣ˴ڣҪλڵҶƬŮӴ߳ǷƤĽһɫƤ¡ͷڵ˳棬ܶŮжðСǡ
ʱҶС΢΢һ㶣漴ϹҳһĨ˵΢Ц겻ǱˣǼ
ӭǴ͡峤ؿż˵
ɲ͵ģһˡ΢΢ͷʮָ߰˵
⻰峤Щ죬ݸ߹󣬵һ׻˵ʵ峤ûӣҲ֪ԷﲻЦ֪Ҫʲôˣ


1739 뿪
˵ǴиŮӣò磬شƳһۣ˵һ߸ϵӡ
⻰˶ɲĿһҶСͰ
峤ɫ΢΢һ䣬ſڣ׼˵Щܾ˵Ļǿĺ⣬ջû˵ڡ
ӣǰĸ֣͸㽫гĸǧһضż˵¶֮ɫ
һ͵񣬷·˵Ĳ󵭵Ŀ˵Ȼˣͽɣ
⻰ÿһֵɫÿӹȻݸ߹󣬵Ҳܹô⣬ֱٴ氡
ĸתбų⣬ҶСͰڵĵطɭһЦݼӣ
ߣҿô죿ľҪΪҶᣬк޺޵뵽·ѾԶҶС硣
¶һ˿֮ɫֻĸ첲ıҶСұۣ·ҶС統
õģһҡŵӣҶС˵
ҶСĻ
ŴĿķȥһ䣬пһ£ǸòǾǰɣео·ԼǻˣǸ־ˡ
죬Ǹ˲Ÿ̵ӡû뵽ͼˣ湻ģϣºûʲôϵ
ҴŰݼ𣿡ҶСŰ˹Цһ˵ź⡣
ĳĲ²ȫȷ
Ȼݼӣǵҡĸ΢΢ͷһʮȻӣ·ҶСͰӦðݼӡ
ȥݼܵ𣿡ҶСǹҳһ˿Ц˵
󵨣ô˵ģݸ߹ʲôܲģĸɫ׼úڼǰúñһ˵õϿɡ
죬׳աͻȻ䣬ŭһɳһţݺݵ˴׵Сϡ
ۡĸһѪ嵹˳ȥݺݵ˾ϣھγһζѨ
⡭Ǹᣬҳ⣬Ͳҵ˼ҶСе⣬Ͻ˵ҶС磬˵ӡ̫ˡ
ֻǸ𣿡ҶСЦһʵ
ģģҾԲƭ㡣һ˵֪ҶСʵǿޱȣԶԶʵʶȤĻЩ˾³
Ȼ˵⣬ôôͷأҶС絭ʵ
ҶСĻЩɻƬ̣˹һʹһɫ
Ȼʧ˴׵ǰһȥԷͱһ࣬Ĳˡ
˵ټ㣬ټ㣬һնɱ㣬㻹ǵ仰𣿡ҶС絭˵
ǵãǵãĲ鷳ģ׼ڵĴϣͬչһתϽ˵
ߣ˵ĺΪҲ֪ʲôģֻҪܵʲô˺Ҿͻ㿪ǲģҶСǰ̤һµƾ
䣡
дȫҶС籬ƾ˳ȥ
ҾԲðܵһίġϽ˵һ䣬һŵĺϽȥΨҶСĻնɱ
Ĺ㣬ҶСʵѾﵽʥأҲֻϵĸ֣ƾƣܹЩȫƷɡ
һ뿪ҶСϵٴοӿֱһռ䶼ڲ֮Ϸ¡¡֮Բǧڣеĸֶܹܵ
Ƭд䡢еĸָţҪ˸˺һֺҾԻԲǧи֡ҶС˵ɢȥ
ҶСôҲΪ˰İȫŮ̫ˣԱԼİοҶС粻òһζˡ
رܵļܵɿµƺɫøѿˣǾ֣ƣѾʥصˣ£Һûɴ
гһĨңڵĴУΪߵҲʥ۷壬˼Ҹǰһͻᱻɱ
ҶС÷ԲǧиֶˣЩһɫ䣬Ƕ֪ҶСһʥصĸ֡
˾Բܹǣ෴ҪһİиֵĹͬûһԸʥصǿߡ
ҶСŰصСľݡ
׼뿪ˣþãҶСʵ¶һ˿΢΢Ĳᡣ
ţѾһʱˣڱ뿪ҶС˵ͷ½ҿԴȥ硣
˼һҡҡͷˣϲϽ뿪ɣߵ˶ܵİΣ
Цݡ
ˣʵ治ȥȥҷܿľˣģֱ磬ǸȣҽҶС硣ҶС綣һ䣬˰һۣȻ߳Сľݣ˲ϣֻ뿪
Сľڣ뿪ķҶС磬Ҽסˡ
֪ҶСһ뿪ܻԶ


1740 и׼͵Ϯ
ƺƾ죬ֻߴʥһնлһɫĹ
һ·߹ϣת۾ͳ½ûλָ赲
ҶСʵѾʥغڣѾκˣ־ĸ֡
뿪ֻ£УҶСУпƤëĿϣʱһɫȮھɫĵͽӡ
ʲôˣͣ¡ոսһһը죬
һɫ۵ӳգ赲סҶСȥ·ӵΪѾʥ۷塣
ɡֻͬʱһ˲ͣ¶һ˿ļɵ
ֻΪߣֻʥغڶѣʥ۷ĸǰȻ¡
ңҶС硣һ쳹ա
䣡
ƤͻȻһɿµƳӿʮأɲǼ䣬ƬռзƱã·ҶСĽ١
ˡɫ۵ӣҶС£ϺˣŲն˳ĵ
סκ󣬺ɫɫѿޱȣ¶һ˿ľ壬ҶСĴȻΪλ֣û뵽ȻҶС硣
֪Ҷʲô飿ӲͷƤʵ
ʸ֪𣿡ҶС缫ΪĮд漴ֻٴζΪһɫâᴩռ䣬Ϸɽнȥ
ɫһһ죬֪Լ赲ҶС磬Ҳ赲סȻҲǰ̵ĸ֣а񣬻ѡһҶС磬Է϶Ὣնɱڰ̻᲻ͷһأ
УҶС˿ûԼƣҲûԼϢպǰ̻ʥ̵ĸֶû赲
ǸܵҶСǿʵҶСڻܸߣʱûбҪΪһС¶ڻĶֻ̣ҪҶСС
ûж೤ʱ䣬ҶСͽ˻ĮԵһ߳һӳ˻ĮС
ҶСֵʱ򣬻ĮУһ쫷ƾճ֣ɨƬء
û뵽㾹һ籩Ϊ־һ˿һƴڻĮ
ⲻѣʵǿ󣬾ʧЩ֣»ûȫ˺ǵĽǡҶСƽ˵
أ
𼱣ǸСŮ޺أӦҵأǵ۵
ҶСֱһ죬öʥ˴ವķɳƯա
ʥˣֶҲԡǵۺٺһ£һɵɫâЩƯеʥȫʧ
¡¡
Įѳһ޴ѷ죬һɵĽѷзɳɢȥ̵Ӱ֡
¡¡ٴ𣬻Įѷʧˣǵ۵ٴ𣬡ǰӦҵ顣
ģҲǵģҵΪﵽǸ磬ͻЩȥҶС˵
仰˵꣬ĿͶ̣΢΢һЦϲΪͻˡ
̵ΪѾﵽʥأһһʥأʥ۷壬һ͵غڣ֪Ļжôķ
⻹Ҫлл㣬õ֮ûУʣѯʵ
һҸ㣬ȳȥҶСЦЦ˵
ͷҡߵҶСߡ
ಡһ׹ϷɳһӳҶСļͷһ׹С
ѽѽСӶצӣҶС粻ͣؽţ·һ㣬Ƕںڵ۾תţ֪ʲô
֪ˣ㽱һöʥˡҶССƤëȻóһö˼ʥ˵ݸС
С۾һϽʥ˱˻У·±ȥһ㡣
ߣҶСŤͷ˵һ䣬һεĹâȫת۾߳˻Įǰ
ǣָָֻʵ
ޣҴһ竹ģҶСЦЦһƣʿȵĽƤӷ
һЦȻ˽ȥҶСҲ˽ȥУöСΪ֣ûнУֻԴȥһܿĵӡ
䣡
ֻɫʥ⣬һɣɲǼ䣬˸߿գС
ֻҲʡǴԽռ·
ǵǰ˵ֵĺܴ󣿡ҶСʵ
ҲǺܴ󣬲ǽĸֶ˹ѡҶСЦЦȻ½ķŵĽһ¡
ΪҪǽԨ飬Ķһ仰
еҶСͻȻ˫ĿųȻ·Ϯңǻòͷˡ
ôˣԸǣʵ
ҶСͷ漴һЦõģһȺСˣ
£˫ֻһööķйЩȫûܿƵľϣǸ÷Ե󷨣ԷһսĲϡãʱҪԼշ߻ȥˡ


1741 
ҶСУٹ֮ĵطʥصĸ֣ʥ۷ĸգǶԼڵķ򣬲룬ҶС綼֪Щ˵Ŀ
УҪҳȥҶСŤͷ˵һ䣬Ȼ߳վա
ƹȥҶС翴ֻ˵һ䣬ֻϽƫԭֱеĹ
һ϶ҪһսƹǸطȽϺá
ֻΪһԶȥҶСһ磬Խռ䣬һǰֱİٶ๫ľ룬ĵصֻ
ɣöزˡҶСƳһۣǸռ䣬˵
ҶС磬ȻһӾͿ͸ǵĲ֮أȴ˵еĸΪ¡һɫµ߳Цһ˵Ϊﵽʥڡ
仰ո£װʥظֺһ°ʥظ߳
֪ʲôҪԸңȻɳô̡ҶСһ˵
ǶԸ㣬ȻǵĵʲôˣͲ֪ˣɢʱһġ꿴ҶС˵
㻹ҶСҡҡͷһЦ漴˫ĿͻȻϬޱȣǰ̤һ
䣡
һɿµƴҶСϱŷ𶯾죬Ƭռ䶼ݺݲ˼֣ҶСĿֲУɢһɹ쫷γɡ
һ̼䣬ҶСǸɽӵľư磬˵ꡣ
ɣҿǵʵ
ȻˣǾʶһ£һҶСʧġ국һЦ˵
䣡
һֲޱȵƣʥصĸϱ˳һɹƳɢ˾֮ϵƲ㣬ÿռ䶼Ť
ϱƺҶСϱƣ໥ײ¡¡һϴ
ȫںеĸվΧûж·һԹһ㡣
ɻҶɫµӣ˫нһӡʱ䣬ΪһռڣҶɣЩȫûɵģÿһƬ꣬ÿһƬҶڶ̺˿ֲ
ЩҶҶС;Ĺ켣ΪЩҶײϣѾ֮ˣҲܲס
ȭһִһȭͷգһȭ·һռ䶼ȭͷŲһȭÿռŤһȭ֮£ܹһƬ
һһִһգһɫĳУеĳһ·ֱӽռи
λã·ռռͲ׽һĹ켣
Į̡һɫµˣɫâγһʵĴɳĮɳĮУһðƮҶСڵķһ֮ռ·һ㷢塣
һʥظ֣˫һˮϡ
ƬռҵĲϾ£һд£ҶС˹
صǿߣҶС˫Ŀһ˵ʩչˮϵǸһ츳ߣѾأҲʥء
ֵĿֲһƬأƾ𣬿ռ˵Ĳ
ҶС˫ڿռлĸ֣ռҡ
Ļ·Ǵĳħһ㣬ع΢΢һȦȦҶСΪĲɢЩ֮ռ䳹׵Ļˡ
ǱҶɻռһȭǾһƿµ̣ϱˮȫڻҵĿռУ׵ĻΪ
Ԫ֮ԷĹȫΪҶС¶һ˿Цݣ˫һǿֲһǣŲΪµĹһֳȥ
һĻɫ䣬û뵽ҶС羹ȻֶΣǵǣ̫ˣгһɺ⡣
ǸϽˣͬʱĳһȥֵ
ʱʥصĸɫͻȻһ䣬ӿ˳졣
ۡһѪɫֱò԰ޱȣǿµĹâӿ˹
䣡
ʥصĸ֣һӾͱ˳ȥˡ
սֻҪȫʤһ˲ʱ䡣
սΪĸǻ۵ãճսֶΣҶСҪֻˣ»Ҫܳʱ䡣
һεսרŽԷĹתΪȻȥڶԷ׼ֵʱʹֱ֮˺谭ˣǶԳĹ赲Ӷһˡ
һϵеսһһ˷ʤ


1742 ¹
ãã򣬺ƺգҶСȻվ磬һսƣ޷ֱӡ
ʥظɫ԰ޱȣһҶСǼɵͿ־壬û뵽ҶС羹ȻսֶλۣǸеľ
ǽһаɣҶСһɨ˫ӿлһĹ켣·һ켣ʹһع
ҶСΪģԲϰٹڣе֮һָ޷ҶСܹ⣬ֻоؼƺһɷιǵȴûб𣬷·һ
Щ֮ռ䣬ҶСҰУƬռһֹɫʡ
ϲŭġҶС绺˵ĸ֣˫ֻٶȸӾˡ
ͻȻ䣬һ죬·ǴӾ֮ϴݶ£һɿ֣·˵ǰδеķɣڲȴһɳءŭڡ
ֽȻͬʱͬʱһУÿжоŤ֮ɫ˵ܡ
·Ϊħ̼ĥ˵飬ʥصĸ֣Զʥصĸ֣϶һ˿ʹ֮ɫ
¡
ؼһƴһǿ紵ɷ粢ǴȻпķ磬һɵ
ડડУһſžӨ͸Сˮε£̺һ
궼ҶСŲγɵһ
εЩϵָ޷赲ֱ͸ǵڣҲһ·һӴǵĹͷڡ
һҽ𣬾ҶСһʥظ֣ɫʹŤһţϷ·ǲһ㣬ѳѷ죬һѪ
Կԡһ죬ЩǴÿڴģǹͷѵ
뿪ϽҪЩκͷ塣ɫµӴһϽԶƶȥ
Ҳ׷ԶȻѾˣЩκͷѾǵ塣
ۡƬռУÿ˶һѪήҲһǺȻ֮ɫ
ҶСһǰ¶һ˿ĳƾҲ׼·նɱңǿЦ
ҶСĻЩһ¶˷ŭ֮ɫһҪҶСӣ⻰̫ˣôãҲʥأصĸ֣ԼϣǣҶСĻУ·ǸͲС
ͻȻ䣬ʮˣɫ΢΢һ䡣
ء΢巢ʲôըһ㣬ǵӿһɳ֮ɫ
ۡÿٴһѪ
ղ׵ıˣղҶС¶ĳͲмǹģרΪǷŭһЩܹΪǿĹ
㡭ղǹġɫµӲһ¿еѪҶСʵ
㻹ҶС絭һЦһתȴҲô
ǰǾ仰̹ͦģǺһ仰еҪѪĳ嶯
ô궢ҶСʵҲĿҶС磬һӣг˿־塣
ҶС磬ΪֶΣǸоﺮֱð
ûи׼·նɱңڻôòˣת˰ɣҶС˵
㡭ŭĶҶС磬һˣǶΣ
֣ÿ𣿴򲻹Ͱ֣ùնɱֵȻѾƻöҳ֣ôѾĴɣҵĵˣһȫնɱ顣ҶС˫ĿųһɱȻ
ѵƲɣɫµɭȻ˵һвζ
ƣҲ̫߿ԼˣƣѾ֤¡ҶС糰˵
ѵǳ׷ֳٴʵ
ûҶС˵£˾ʧ
СġҶСʧоһľĸоϽѡ
ʱҶСѾһصʥظ࣬ͬʱһĳ
һ̺ſֲޱȵնΪ֮
ءʥصĸְѾըˣѪɣɭɭĹͷ¶˳׵ʧȥսʣһ壬䵽˱ĺˮС
㱰ɣȻ͵ϮɫµӣޱȷŭĶҶС˵
ѵֻ׼͵ϮңͲ͵ϮˣʲôοֻҪʲôֶΣֻҪܹնɱǾСҶСЦһ
ɫµһȻҲ˵¶˺ݶĹâȻˣǾһսɣ߸ҾͲж


1743 
ɫµ¶һĨɫһҪҶСƴļơ
ҶС罫һʥصĸִֻʣ˰ѾԤʾűֳһ
ڰɫӻոµʱ˵ʥظ֣ƶվһǵơ
ӵһλ֣һֱλ֣ϵһɹɱһƬ貵Ĺâȫ֣ԶԶ𣬾ı
ʱͷг˲õǿգǾͷλá
ࡣһλִһ˫ֽһӡ˺ƺǿգƬǿУ֮һȻһǳܶࡣ
诡ڶλҲһ͵һλһ˫ֽӡǿգǵĵڶǳȻҫ
ᡣ
Ȩ
⡣

ҡ⡣
δȣͬʱӡЩǳζ
ǿ֮УǣԶԶǳã߿ǳʱ򣬴һֱҡǣһâС
һ̼䣬ǾǱǣ䷲żΪµܡ
ȻǵľȻʥأֽƣԺʥصĸ
󣬿ǵӣѾյһĻҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һ˵
ǱҾͲ󷨲ܹκ㣡ɫ˵
һССıѣôȥƳǰҪǡҶСĿбųһĨ⡣
£ӰɲǼʧ·Խ˿ռһ㣬ֵʱѾʥظʮ֮ĵط
ɫµһ˿õԤУ·Ҫʲôһ㡣
ۡͻȻ䣬һ֣üĴһֱӶ£һѪ۳֣Ѫ˳룬ãã󺣡
һĻʥصĸ֣ǻֵĸҲһ֮ɫû뵽ҶС羹Ȼһ˲䣬նɱһʥڵĸ֡
ȻˣǣҶСٶҲδ̫һЩɣȻǶûзӦ
ɱȷӦɫµӣһµĹҲȫҶС硣
ռںݺݲҪƾƣҶС֣ٶȣȻֽҶСΧУϧǵʼûд졣
ҶСң̤һлӰÿһӰʵһ㣬б𲻳١
ǱͲҶСĶ֣ղҶСĿ¹ѾˣܹٶȺҶСսأ
Ѿں˱ĸ֣һĪչĿӰ뽫ҶСΧУǸ׽ҶС޷Χ
ҶС磬б£ͣһսȥǸ𣿡˵İɫзӼԼ޷׷ҶС磬ɵܻĴһ˵
㲻ǸղŲŴӾԺɣôɵĻҲ˵óڡƬռдҶС糰
⼸ʥظˣȫնɱҪһʱ䣬ղΪҶС䲻⣬ƿֱնɱֹϬޱȣĺܴĿǰܲá
ʱҶСһ߶һͷų֮Ӱǡ
ҶСӰ£ʥصĸ֣ѾԵĸ꣬ΪĲȶ
ҶСͻȻͣ¶һ˿֮ɫһ֡
һʥصĸٶһѪɫ԰ޱȣɫήң·ܵ˼Ĵһ㡣
顣ҶСٶȳ֣츳ߵ򳡿ֱӽ֣һǿĻ֮г֣·ҪƬռһ㡣
ǡ΢ϴǵ·ǽҪըһ㣬ٶѳѷ죬Ѫ
ڵĹԿԵ춯˶֮ղŰСһЩ
ֲҽһȾѪޱȣ·ǴѪһ㡣
ɣ׼ֶԸңӦ׼ҶС˵Ƴһ۲Զǻֵĸ֡
˫ͬʱĳµӿ·һ㣬һؽһأء
ֵۡͬʱըѪ꣬ȫ˺ˮУһƬ涼Ⱦˡ
һʥصĸֶеȻڳ˱ƣǵȻ㣬ûаնԸҶС磬һסĲȫסˡ
ҶСһնɱʥصĸѾ˵һ⡣
ʵҶСʵҪնɱ֣϶Ҫһ򣬲̫ˣսʱҲȫҶСơ
ɣҿǵıжǿ󡣡ҶСЦһǰ߳һһӽ˱С


1744 
ʥصĸְڳɱ󣬾֮ϣһƬǿУߵǹк£ȫ֣·ǹ֮е齵٣ƺƺƣɢһĲ
ԶԶȥǱǣǿбǵͶӰ貶λá
ʥظ֣ǱУһǱŰɱķݡվλõȻ˵лһ˿ŭɫϲ
ҶСʩչζĻǻûаպҶСһսǣ˭ܹõҶС羹Ȼ˴УĽ˱УǼλϲ
ŭǣһϾܹҶС罫ǵıûзС
ǲŰɱʱ򣬾֪ˣʼɣҶСĿһɨ˵ž⣬ƺڴʲô
úúáȻôżҲ⾡նɱһղ˵ŭЦ
ϣһָһǻԶʱָбųҶСٶȼ죬ֱѾԽ˿ռ䡣
ǻԣҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һĵǿĴ͸ֻǲ֪ǻԴ͸ǿ󣬻ҵķâ͸ǿ
һƷâָͬбų
һɫǻԣһεķâ֮ɫƴ͸ǿײһ
һɫǻԱ飬εķâ֮һ֣ǻһǻԸղűų·ߣȥ
λɫһ䣬ӵǻԣŽҶСķâ֮
ܺãܺãû뵽㾹Ȼʵﻹ˰ϧҪɥ֡ź˵һĨʡ
Ƕ֪˶꣬ŴﵽʥأҶС磬оһëͷСӣǾôһëͷСȴ߾ϣΪѹǣúܶһֶЩΪ֮Ľޡ
λִһͬʱӶ֣۳һǻţ쳣Ĳã̺ǿ
ʱֻӶеĳλãųһƬռ֣·ҪƬռ䣬ҶСָ顣
ǻ۳ĳ̫ϬЩ㽣Ӱ·γһŽҶСûа취ܡ
䣡
һµķâ֮ҶСųƬռ䶼·Ҫ˺ˣһ˿˿ϸ΢Ŀռѷγɡ
ҶСϱķâ֮Щǿǻ۳ĳײ
һõǿⱬ˳һҫ۵ǳ
ЩҶСϱŷķâ֮ͬʱɢ
УҶСɫе΢΢Ĳ԰ף΢΢üͷѾεıˣȻ£ǵʵѾԺʥغڵǿ࿹ˣԶԶʥغڵĸѲ
߸ˣˣҲ߸һܣֵÿһϾͲԵôˣ󷨵ǿ֮
ǻ۳ĳܹκҶС磬еĳʧÿ˵˫ֱɫ·ǻΪһǿմ֣ȵǻԴдһһҶСӿ
ڱԭλüı䷨ҶСλ󷨴ʦȻΪ̤ĪĲЩͽҶС
һĻɫһ䣬ǲûзȻĹ
ʮӵʱҶСȻ̤Ĳӣ죬Ϭȴ䲻ҶСϡ
ǵıҲ̫ʧ˰ɣеҶС绺˵¶һĨʧ֮ɫ
Щ˶ڱȻѵļΪĬУȱһı̫ͨˣҶСλ󷨴ʦһӾͿ㡣
ҶСĻǵɫѿޱȣλҧҧǵת
£ͻȻ䣬˷·ʧһ㣬Ƭֻ߿ŷǳ߿ǳɢŻеĹâֺƴΰ·ҪƬռ顣
Ǳ任λãΧҶС磬һǿյƬռ䡣
еҶСȻоѹ·Ҫѹ
˿Ϊ߿ǳ֣ҶС¶һĨʧ΢΢ҡҡͷƳʮɵľ룬ºݺһȣһų
һǡôΪܼĵطʱ䣬Ϊǵֵλö֮ϣƬǿбǵĹâǿʧϵǻҲʧǿϢ·Ϊһ㡣
ǵɫǺޱȣָۡһѪһѪвȵһĴڡ
תۼ䣬ɫ԰ޱȣ϶Ƴ֣һӲ˼ʮꡣ
ƺƺƵıôҶСƳˡ
ΪΪʲôղλϵãȻɻʵҲɫ
ҶСЩĿˣĵ˵ѵǲ֪ǶΧűתôҪλþȻ˳治ǴǱ󷨴ʦΪǺãںǡ
ڱУǸλüΪؼĵطǸλһǿ໥ӦĻ󷨵ͻߺü
ĻҶСҪƳ󷨣еѶȣϧôҪλþȻûȥػֻҪ˹λã󷨱ΪƳ


1745 ع黪
ҶСһɫǱĲ԰ޱȣʱ˹ΪҶС޿ֵ߽Уԭ˼Ѿ󷨿ˣղеıҲϷŪǡ
ˣϰϰ֪꣬оȻôһ©ЦЦղվλ쳤̾˵į˱Ҳһ޾ɵӡ
ǵҶС⣬˸֪ԼĳͲǳһ޴ȱ㣬Ǹʱһ
һȺˡҶС΢΢ҡҡͷһץƬռݺݶѹһ
ۡʥظըѣãã
ݡһƷâָ֮䵯˺ˮУһ΢ƺûˮлǸǵһҶСһ֡
ʥصĸ֣Ϊǿ
˿ȾѪĺˮҶС΢΢һ̾ЩǰնɱԲɱ޹ģɱˣȴòɱˡ
ҶСһ׼뿪ͻȻ䣬ɫһջ˸ոտҪȥֻţŤͷԶɫһĨϲ
ո׼ȴͣ¶һĨϧиӡ
ˣ֮仹һṵڣΡҶСתȥ
ҶСղλһٹĵطŮڻնȥ
Ůӣһǳɫɫĳȹһǳɫ£Ǵ˿š
㣬ղΪβȥ˿ɻĿŴʵ
Σ˵һҶСһģһĻȻкṵڣ˻粻
ǸҶСҲǣҪֶԸϽ˹֪һ˿űƽ˵оǶҶСĲ
ľǶԵģлìܴڣìʧһ̣һȥѰƽ˵һ䣬ǰбеٶȼӿ˼֡
ƺУֻͣפգУһ֮ɫܾǷرȽԶȻܵսֲա
ִʱƽϢԤʾսѾ̸ǽˣڵҶС硣
ԥҪҪȥȥʱǰռ΢΢ҶСӰ¶˳ҶС˲䣬Ц绨ǷĵЦݡ
ҶС߽УͬʱֻǰУСȻֻϱȥֺһûûεӡ
ˣҶСɫЩ΢΢ķף̹ϵʵ
û£һС˶ѡҶСЦЦʥصĸ֣ʥصսһˣȻĺܴɫſе㷢ס
ϽϢһ£ָ˵
ҶС˵ͷȻ˫Ŀิӵ֮޸ڵһơ
ֻһбУһɫĹΪעĿ
һֱдﵽĸò˶೤ʱ䡣
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ڻָԼҶС磬ͻȻ˫Ŀһǿƽȫ֡
ѾҪﵽһˣǻĵĸڲ鿴ǡҶС˫Ŀ̿˵
ҶСͷ¶һ˿Ц⣬ѾоƵˡ
ǰͣ£ǻġһƺƵݺݲ˲ǹƸǿˣ·Χնˡ
ڿֲ£ֻͣסΣǲ˻š
ȻȥһͻҶСŤͷ˵Ʒһӳɢ˰ƣһ˲Сǰʮ๫ĵط
ҶС磿ǣһΪλأСǰվеĸҶСʱ΢΢һ漴ЦҶСǰ
ҶСϴ΢Цһ
һΪӢµ棬ΪˣҾͷˡһҶСļ˵ȻϸĴҶСһ̾һΪ죬Ųµʱ䣬Ѿ͸ΪˣҶЩˡ
ЦˣҵΪǾһѣԶҶСǫˣ뿪󣬺ħʲô
ĶûУСĶȴƵȻǵѾǻˣǣȴǰʱʱɳǰƣѾƽ˺ܶ࣬Ԩ鷢󣬸嶼ƽ·ʵڻһ㡣һ˵ţһ߿ҶС磬·ҪҶСϿʲôҶСɫ糣Ϳ


1746 Ů
ҶСͺĵ
˵ԶԣǷǳƽģҶС뿪󣬸϶ֹͣԣȹԼĵ̡
ǵԨ֮ϢʱƽˣǶĿת壬ÿ˶õ֮Ķ̰ģ˭뾡ͻƵ񾳡
Щȥĸ󣬸ŭǸǽĿͶ壬Ҳƽࡣ
ķᳫѧУ񣬷׷ðԴˣ˻ַҩҺȡÿ˵Ϊ
ʱʧعԲԺ϶һˣѾķһϣڻķԵĹ棬Ȼһսи̫ϳϵ˸
УֳС顢ܵĹѾΪϸˣտʼʱôң˵Ѿ˳졣
͸һͷһֻŵͣһԵСŪš
СӣҶС΢΢һЦȻĿͶǶ¥
оһ¥Ϣʱ¶һ˿ĹŹ֮ɫ
ҶСһ¥ſڣź˽ȥкܶʱһסˡ
ĿڣˣⶼŮӣҶСйϵŮӡ
ĽѩʫᰡᡭֿɶˡС㡢桢ȵȣҶСйϵŮڡ
ݺݺ࣬ݵһĻҶСεЦЦǶڰ
˵Ҫ˹ۼһ𡣡ͯ˵ϴŵ΢Ц
ȿȣҲڸô¡ذɣҶСͷվſڵĵطʱĿѾûλˡ
ߡĽѩ˵ĵҶСһۡ
ƽʱ򣬼Ůʲôеڶۼһſ˶ӴȻܲζ
˵ȥѰ֮Ǳǡô˹֮Ϣܶ˶ȥˣǺܵİȫڿƽͷˡͯҶС͵Ͼϲá
ԭǵˣҵĹҶС翴Ů¶һĨǸ⡣
ҶǲܣСǶ׷뿪㡣һɫµķᰱ뺷˵
Сܵܣȥ棬ûйĸŮӰɣʱľܿɳվһһҶСÿһ䶼ϵջ󣬷֣Ȼ
ľܿĻŮ৶ĿͶҶС磬·רĵҶС˵һʲôĴ𰸡
ѵоôһ𣿡ҶСװһʵ
ŮΪȻĵ˵ͷҶСһˡ
߽㣬澿ûйһŮӣľܿʵ
ûУûУѾˣģǸңοһֱæµ֮飬Ҳûʱ䡣ҶСɫһʵӡ
룬ȥĻһ򣬵ǿżƣ°ǰŮܹŻȥ
㻹ˣĽѩźʵ
ûУûУһֱǣôЩأҶСϽ˵մС
ϣҶСǿӲŮҶСĻû˸ҷԣڸ鷽棬ҶСһε˲Ů
Ҫ֪ˣЩ飬͡Ͳκһ㡣ĽѩҶСһۣһ˵ȻŤͷװһӡ
ʱŮװûҶСӣһӾ
֮ŮҶС綼ܵģҶСİο
֪̿ҶС簲ȫعһϲڸղſҶС˲䣬ǶͬʱҲһ˿˿Թԩô˵ģһʱ䣬װҶСӣйеԹ
ǸǸ㣬ǵĺǸŮɣҶСͻȻת˻⣬˫Ŀž⿴һľܿСʵ
ţǸŮӣ㲻᲻ϲɣľܿЩŵʵȻ֮һʧˣǳŨŨĸ
кӻŮҶϲֻҪҪһǸСҶСǺһЦ˵
ŮĺһǸǲͲҪˣľܿޱԹĿҶСʵ
ǣһһϲҶСϽ˵ľܿһһˣˣǾˡ
ϲУǸһ֣ͮͮľܿʵ
ȻǶѾˣһʲôҶСε˵


1747 ҵĹ
ҶСεӣŮЦ˳еһӻԾ
ЩŮòˣ̬ǧиԸ񣬸Ӿϵܣ·ڿһ羰һ㡣
һʱûмŮΪ˺ܶ࣬ÿ˶˳ĽϢûаĸ꣬ҶС缫Ϊ⡣
˵ĿǰʵѾԱŮİΣˣǣʵҲҪ˭Ҳ˵Ժᷢʲô顣
ףС۹ȥˣҶС绷һܣûпľ۹ˣɵɻʵ
ҶСĻŮɫеԣҶСпһ£ɢ׼鿴С۹ʲôطС۹ʲô顣
ʱ\ľӣ˵С۹ڷϢ
ô£ҶСüʵѾС۹Ķ򣬴ʱС۹Լķ˯
뿪С۹˯춼ûɵġͯ΢΢һ̾˵˵ۡ
ţȥҶС翴Ůһ˵һʧˡ
\ľ۹ķڣռ΢΢ҶСӰѾ֣ϵ˯С۹ҶС¶һ˿۰֮ɫ
ĹŮԤ֪δϲ䣬˫Ŀʧ޾Ŀʹòףֿʹȥˣȴֱ˯ޱȣҶСޱȵ
еΣޱѹ֣·ѹʱֳأɽǿұꡣ
˴ߣ֣С۹ϣһӿ鿴С۹ڵ״
ʱС۹ڣ̺һѪȴȱһֶصľһ֧־ľȻȱپȱ
زȱٵĶ߲һȱ٣ƽⶼᱻƣӶ˿С۹״̬һ㡣
ڵľ٣Ǳĳֶһ롣
ѵ˫ĿеĻҵĹ֮ĵģҶСһΪСĵĽС۹˫ĿС
էȻ䣬С۹˫ĿеĹ֮Ǳһ룬ⷽռеĹҶС繥ȥ
ҶСƺһǴһ㣬Ͻƿ΢΢һ£ɫһ㣬һѪ
ÿµĹҲֲֻֻܹ֮С۹۾ҶСһǵѪµ˵ȻֻҵĹС۹ڵľֻп˯ߣżģž񡣡
Ҳ֪ܹܲС۹⣿룬ҶС룬ŵڲ֮ı֮
Ƕĳ۳С֮ҡΣһȦȦɫʥ⵴
һ̣ҶСɢ˰ɫʥ⣬ЩʥոմҶСӿ·Ǿ쵽ʲôһ㣬ȫӿС۹˫Ŀ
С۹һ˫УҵĹ˿ߣȻһ˿ƽĵľٶȼ˺ܶࡣ
һĻҶСϲѣͣ֮ı֮ͷųɫʥС۹
ʮӵʱС۹˫Ŀлҹ˿ĵľѾﵽ͵㣬ٶʥâͽҲ޼ˡ
ҶСһйãһ̾һ̫ˣ֮ıܹ֮ƽϢĻС۹۾ͲˣҪ֮ʲô
˵ţͷ˿С۹Ҳģÿ춼ʱ˯ˡ
һС۹ҶСת¥ûдԽռ¥һһ¥£Ųأص¥С
ҶСüͷ¥ͯѯʵС۹ûнİ취
ҶСǵ˵ͷȻҡҡͷܹ֮С۹òÿ춼ôʱ˯ЧȵС۹ѹ֪Ҫ轫֮ҵ
õ֮ŷǧ۾һҶС硣
ţһãڵõ֮ҶСЦЦ˵
˵ܹõ֮ĳɷ֣ʵ֮ĻҪͲܵõ
棬ʦʲôʱأͻȻ䣬ҶС罫ĿͶһµ档
εҡҡͷҲ֪ߺûʱ䣬ʦеĵӶ˳ȥȻرѾؼʱ򡣡
ʦܹͻơ¶һ˿֮ɫ
һģϾһľ飬ֻҪ΢һȻһоˮˡҶС΢΢һЦ
Ȼ˵ĺɣǣҲŵģϾʱչصıȽҶСһˣжһЩڳα񾳡
˵ھǺʱܣ˭һﵽα񾳣˭ӵȨռȡ޴档


1748 Լѹ̫
磬α񾳸ֿԿһӵãĸ壬ֻҪӵα񾳸֣Ͳ׽
ʥ۷嵽α񾳣Ȼֻһ磬ʵֻ͵أʥ۷ĸα񾳸ǰ൱С˴˸ǰһ㣬ǹǶع涼Եޱȵɡ
֪α񾳸ֵЩѾ˰벽ĸֶڳǸ磬񡢹ҵĸ֣ӦûỪķǱһЩϹŶ
УҶСֻúñԼߵˣܵ˺ڶʱͻƲ񹦵ĵڰ˲㣬ǣһҪһ޵ϡ
žŹǳıǣĿǰ󷨲Ųõ˵ݶȣα񾳸Ĺ˭Ҳ֪ܹ赲೤ʱ䡣
ҶС翴˿ǵĺŮмᶨ׼չأȡȴﵽʥ۷壬ȻڳǸ磬뿴ԼŮκһܵ˺
㣬չ˺ԼǵĺӡҶС翴ľܿ˵һ䣬ȻһۣһЦţȥǱ߿
˵꣬ҶСӰʧˡ
ҶСͻأʧŮĬþãҶտߵŷǧʵǧ㣬ôˣ
ѹܴҪͷһ¡ŷǧ˵ҶȻǲ֮ɫĵĽͣһҪȵĴڣҪվ۷壬СԼʩӵѹ̫ˣʱ׷ΪҪǣһ£Ҫĺܼ򵥣ֻҪܹһֵġ
ֹһɽһɽߣվ۷ʱᷢԼʧȥ˺ܶ࣬С׷ѰĹУѾԼ䣬ǲҪӵоߵΪֻϣġŷǧŹâ˵
Ůһŷǧǵ˼ŷǧһ
ŮҪĶܼ򵥣ǲҪԼ˾£ҪԼ˳Ϊ̵ӢۣҲҪԼжôĸУֻҪԼɿ֣ǿ䡢ľ١
ΪȥȰȰҸأҶʵ
ŮĬţǲ֪ôȰվҶСϣĺܶԣΪˣҪԼŮһվǵĽǶϿֻҪҶСܹǣ¹һҲҸ
յĴţҶСɬһЦղŷǧǷڶУҲ֪ŷǧڽ˵ɣҪԼʩ̫ѹ
Ĺ̰ɣʮ꣬ʹﵽʥأ䲻˵ǰ޹˺ߣܹٶȵźٺ١ҶС
Ҳóʱ䣬úˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵һȻ뿪ˡ
в󷨣ҶСͲ鿴ȥҲ͸һֻܹ˳Ȼ
뿪ڵĵҶСӰһϿգ·һС
֪һѾˣܶൺ϶סˣЩ˻϶ǼѧԺЩѧԱˡ
ҶСɨһ£ѧԱУѾкüͻƵʥкܶҶС翪ٳжԼ
ѧԺ飬ҶСûôʣȫĽѩǼŮӸǽѧԺŵľмƻԣˮҵһ㣬·İЩѧԱ
ҶСĵ˵ͷˣϣԼٶȺܿ⣬涼УѵЩѧԱһûĽѩôá
ҶСһʱ¥УŮ뿪ˣԶæµԼ飬ùģ飬¥Уûʣ¼ˡ
ѧԱѵϵĽѩҶСͻȻ뵽һ飬Ľѩԡ
ĽѩȻģЩ΢С֣·ǰδе
ĽѩԴ΢΢һᣬҶСļϡ
С磬ҪԼ̫ѹ㣬ȻʲôʱһġЦݹǵӣҲȥ۰ǸŮڻڼ䶼õԼ˵ĹػĽѩ˵
ĽѩһҶСĿĽѩû뵽Ľѩܹ˵Ļ
ôˣѵ˵ĲԣҶСŤͷĽѩ
ǣǸо㳹׳ˣҲܹĸˡҶСЦЦ˵
Ľѩһ죬漴ŭĿҶС磬ʲôܹĸˣ˼ǰԣ


1749 ͻ
Ľѩ̺ŭ˫ĿҶС΢΢һЦ˵ǰ㲻죬˿ǣҶ֪ôĵĸףһҲҾûһˡ
ѵƲô뿪ĽѩĿһʵ
ҶСһͻ֪Լ˵ˣϽ˵ǿЦҪ𣿡
ҶСת˻⣬ĽѩҲûеƣ뵽ӵ⣬ĽѩϷһ˿ĺΣ˵ͷҡҡͷҪڣһжƽǿҪһ
ĽѩԽԽСˡ
ãҴӦ㡣ҶСĵ˵ͷ
ҶСӣĽѩҶСļϣ˵Ѿˣʵһ𶼺֣ܿÿ˶Ϊ㿼ǣǣҲܹٸ鷳ˣģԺ󲻻ںҳԴˡ
·뵽ʲôһ㣬ĽѩͻȻһЦٲͣĳԴף»ᱻߵЩŮ
˭ҡҶС罣üһװŭӡ
ѵὫǷĽѩһЦʡ
ҶСڨڨһЦû˵ʲôһſڣԡ
֮䲻Ҫ˵Բ˵ԲԵ̫ˣ⣬ûжҶС绹û˵ͱĽѩֵסͣҪ˵ԲԺǵĺȥ˵ɣ˵ϰֶԲ㣬˺ܶ衣
ӦûлҡҶСЦЦóĽѩû
ĽѩҶСһۣȻҶСšһѡ
ˣѩƽʱע⼸ˡҶСͻȻ˵
Ŷʲôˣ
ҶСĽѩ˵˼˵֡
ôˣʲô⣿Ľѩüʵ
Ҳϣ˭⣬ΪһİΣҪעһ¡ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
õģһעģġĽѩ˵ͷһڴӦ
ĽѩһҶСֻصһʱֻ˺ʫͯľܿ㻹\ľӣӡ
߽ҶСĺһʱȷʵǣ׼úŮһʱ䣬Ȼʱ
ҪϵʱС۹˹¥ͻȻ䣬Ϲҳ˿ĵЦݣһ硣
ȻҶСɱ˹ͶҶСĻУСԴҶСźҲš
ڸо۾ҶСС۹Դ簮ʵ
磬ܹй߽۾ڻˡС۹¶һ˿˿˷֮ɫ
ҶС۾֪֮ı֮ĹЧĿǰΪֹЧֻܹƵˣҪȫҵֶ
ǾͺãһָġҶС˵
šС۹ɵĵ˵ͷ
ļҶСһֱŮȻľܿһ㣬Ͼص㱣
ĸ׺ͶҲᾭ˵Ů
תʱȥˣʱ
첢ǰװ׵˷ʱ䣬෴õһЩôŮһǰδеƽ·һ֮ˣһʮƽˣԼߵƽ򵥵š
ƽľӨ͸ϵϢʮֳȣǿѹҲ·ȫʧˡ
ڽ֮ǰصصĳȥһˣʲôûС
㰲ȣսӶУսҶСѾȫڸǣʣģҪԼˡ
Ԩ¼Ѿ׵ĻֶûʲôʾǱϵģ˺ܶȥ壬֮ûҵʧĸ֣һжŭ
Ǻвһ壬֪ǿӲޱȣֻò֮Ҳ֪ԼеĸŬͻƣûͻǰǶֵ͵ı仯Щڿ޵ĸ֡
䣬ʱת۶һһһ㣬ƬأľܿĶӽͦҲûǰȻĸɢһȰӡ
ľܿĶһһҶСĸ׺ͶˣЦĺϲ£죬ҪŮˡ
С⺢ǵģܿѾҪˣһҪúýѵ¥ڣľܿģһҶС磬ͺܲˣƺڹҶС粻ľܿ㡣
裬ҲҪС磬СҲΪǲôŬοӿ»һµʱųСӦûϡľܿ΢΢һЦ
Ǿ֪˵һ䡣
裬˵ˡͻȻ䣬һº󣬾ͿһɫµҶС˽
ҶС˽ľܿ¶һĨѵõᣬͻˣ
šҶС˵ͷ


1750 ľܿ
аʱ䣬൱ʱ䣬һʱҶС񹦵߲ԲʵҲܹʥ۷һսЩʥ۷ĸֶĶ֡
߲ڵ߲ԲȻֻһСһСΪԽѵʱԽ
ոմ߳ûüڿտҲԼĸ׵ĻҶС˽
ԺһʱУҶչسʱרڼ㡣ҶСľܿ˵
ľܿϹҸЦ⣬˵ͷ
ҶСĸڵʱľܿ㶼Ųҽ޼ɵĽԼͷſɵľһλͻݵӣһȻ
С磬úܿ㣬ҪˣûУһѵĿ˵ŲҶСΪжߣҶСԺľ£ݺݣҲҶСĸף˭Ҳܹı顣
֪衣ҶСε˵
׼۸ܿ㣬ҪȻɾԵƲ㡣ʱһ䡣
ߺľܿЦǣһҲ˼ɣ·ҪһʱѹֶЦͷų
ʱҶСһɫָָľܿɲǼ䣬ľܿʶʲôһЦһֹͣˣҲһ£һŮӡ
һûвʲôŤͷȥһˣﲻ֪ղҶСŪ
ʱľܿŤͷͷһ˫˫ۣҶС硣
С磬ûУľܿгʴǹȻ󣬼ֱ˵Ĺͷˡ
һ£ҶСеȼһ޲ֱӽľܿ㱧¥ȥ鵽Ǵʱһй
ҾˡҶС˵һʮӡ
С磬Ҳˡľܿװһ˵
ľܿı飬ҶС˵ȴĴҩ״ΣҶСõԼڸľܿǲЩǷס
ʱľܿȻѾڽ˹ͷһһЦ޷԰ΣͶ䣬Ȼ
ҶСһѹе𣬸Ͻת˻⣬㣬ʲôʱ
һ֣ľܿĸԹ¶ȻΪ˵ҽ˵Ӧûʮʱ䡣
ʮ죿Ҳܿģò˶೤ʱ䣬ҾҪˣоƺе̫ˡҶС̾һ˵
ǵԼסƽСѧУԼķ䣬һߵתۼ䣬ӶҪˣʱļ졣
ѾҪʮˡľܿ㿴ҶСĵ˵
Ѿ֮ˣں㲻˵Լʮ˭֪ѾʮˡҶСЦ˵
ܹʶ㣬һҸҵѾˣֱ㡭ľܿһĨʣͻȻ䣬Ц벻ף㵱ʱĵôôһѧ
ܿ㣬˵һˡʱͯ洫˽ţһɳȹͯ˽Ӻݻʧš
С硣ҶСʱϳ˾ϲ֮ɫҶСһࡣ
˵ģҸղ˵СǸʱ򣬻Ǹѧôеݵ㣬ջ㡣ľܿһ˵
߶аɣͯ¶˵ɬ𵱳ľٶ֪ΪλСˡ
ҿС統Ҳʵ
ľܿҶСһεȵȣҶСʵЩסˣϽ뿪¥
Ȼǹģ׼Ƚȫ䣬ʵ׵ȹʥ۷塣
һҶС뿪һ򣬳ããУʮǧëȫſȫӿȵ֮
ֱγһ磬ֱֲӴӹ˽ҶСڡ
ҶСľٶȻƬڣܶǿߵĲ鿴ܶ˶Ѿ֪ҶС磬ǶҶСѾֲˡ
СϣŵԲ鿴Ϣĸ̧ͷȥ·ܹ͸ռ䡣
ǧţȻͻˡ̾һ
˰Сʱʱ䣬ҶСͣʱоȫ·һȭ֮£Ѳ񷡣
֮ı֮ޱȣӤѾúʵ֮䡣
ÿϸУһҶСӰӶѾγɣҲޱȣΪʵǿˡ
Ѱʥ۷ǿ߶Ķ֡
СӣһոͻƣˡҶС罫ձ׼ȥʱ˸
һҶСЦЦһѾʧˡ


1751 ӳ
Сһľʵ¥УϢķڣռ΢΢ζҶСӰͳ֡
Сӣ겻ողų֣׼ˣЦ
Ǽﻹе顣ҶС΢΢һЦ
Ҫ𣿡ĵʵ
Ҳ㲻ҪǺǡ
ƾһڿǽһľξƶһ࣬°ɣ
ҶСûпֱ
ϲΪһ㣬ھҶĶˣǻֶһ֡ЦԵʮָˡ
ˣҵΪǾһ˿˿ѣĶ֡ҶСǫοۿɵ𳬼ƺţֻͻƺЩ˲ܹƵƺŰɣ
ҲǣȽα񾳺Щ˽ԶԶ׿ˣֻҪʵѾԵˡ˵Ҳһ˿֮ɫ
ʥ۷ѾһʱˣǻûͻƣЩ΢΢ʧ仹Σûһʥ۷ĴڲͻƵα񾳣α񣬵ֻҪһ֣ǿޱȡ
ţѾߵǰ棬ò˶೤ʱͻͻưɣҶСĻһ˿ĳء
ôҶСѯʵ
ѾչغóʱˣûͻƣҲԶˡ˵ͻȻתͷҶС磬׼뿪һʱ䣬ͽ㸺ˣô
㿴һţҶСʵ
˵ͷѾˣҪŶ룬һξҪߣ׼ȥһȻٱչء
ãû⣬ֻҪЩС֮ͱ룬ȻǶԷα񾳸ֳ֡ҶС籣֤
⣬ֲЩսҲտһ£ŬѵҷѵսʱǵΪĺܿ죬㻹ʲôûУûеĻ׼һ£׼뿪
ô죿ҶС΢΢һ㶡
˲䣬˹һ˶뾡ͻƣȻѾţûڵȥˣͻƣܹʵԼ롣
֪ĶҶС翴Ÿʵ
ʥءЩһֶûʲôһȴ׷׳һЩطĴƣЩʲô£һȻһȥԸҪߵĴػþˣ˺ܶһĸֶȥǱڵļȣޱȣҲУǶԼ˵
ãһػġҶСĵ˵ͷ
仰ҾͷˡЦЦ
һʼػţչˣأֻҶС磬ҶС˿ģһԼϣУκ˶ӲĲ鿴
͸̸˼󣬸СļҪԱܸҶС硣
ҶСЩ˶Ϥ֪ҶСΪѾﵽ˸ˮ׼ʱһҶС綼ʮֵĿܹôһλｻãȻԸ⡣
뿪ҶСֻصһʮʹ˳ȥһѲӡ
Ŀǰ˵ʮʹߵʵѾﵽʥسڣǴڣ԰ҶСֵ
ƽʱǹü죬ԴӻصһҶСҲûгȥŮͬʱ񹦵ĵڰ˲㣬˺ܳܳʱ䣬һͷҲûУûпȴš
߲㵽˲һ޴żܹ룬һӾôƽӹȥһͻƣữξ졣
죬ҶСվһУָ䣬żƬһ꣬ʱʱĿͶ¥
ڸղţľܿͻȻʹһ£ĸ˵ˮˣϽȥҽ
ҶСֱӴԽռ佫һһҽ˹
ʱѾʮӹȥˣ磬Ȼƽޱȣȴܽţºܶ౻һѾ˵һ⡣
¥ڴʹҽĹҶС͸оʮ־ġ
ܵģҶСܲʱŷǧӰһС
˵ǼٵġҶС΢΢һЦ˵
ӦúܿãҲ֪һЩܿһ¡ŷǧЦ˵
ôҲҪһӣҶСЦʵ
е룬ǸŮ˲һĸףһӣܾе㲻ŷǧü˵
ҶС΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˼һ˵Ѫ⣬ǼѪʲôܣʵҪҲνһὫڵѪȡһûˡ
ˣһʱ˵ңܿĺҲ衣ŷǧգһ۾˵
ʱһӤʱҶСͬʱеڴԼĺʲôӡ


1752 ħиͻ
ʱҶС˼ںӵһϣûע⵽ϣͻȻ»תϻɢ΢΢⡣
ҶСûע⵽Ҳûע⵽
ǧǽȥҶСŤͷŷǧ˵еġˮ˰˲ʧˡ
ӳһ˲䣬ҶСо϶һѪʮˡ
ҶСľܿڵķУСѾë̺סˣľܿɫ԰׵ڴϣͷǰ㷢ʪ͸ˣ·һս
кʫͯŮӣʰŷ䡣
裬ұɡҶСߵԼĸǰë̺аӤеڴ˵
úñţˤˡСĽӤ˹ȥ·˺ıŮݹȥе㲻ӣ޲ԶڻС
ë̺аŮӤѩ׾Ө仹еĹâתԶԶճͨӤǰ㣬ƤǸģӺľܿƣΪӤԵʣƵĲǺԡ
Ȼ֮壿ͻȻҶСбų⣬¶˲˼֮ɫ˭ܹõһ쾳ˣ̫ҸˣǺĽѩһ˴ӣ˴󺣣һͻ졣
ʲôֵģΪѾʥأܿҲʥ֣֮Ҳ󡣡ʱŷǧЦ˵
ԭҶС翴ŻеӤɵɵЦš
ͮͮð̱ŷǧſ˫˵
ȻܲᣬҶС绹ŷǧӤˣŷǧһ߶СͮͮһߵľܿĴߡ
ϾľܿĺӣȻĿǰޱȣҲ¶Ҫӵֳȥ
ûһʱ󣬷оͼˣŮˣһűСͮͮҶС׵ģľܿǸĸ׵Ķϡ
ѾͷҪˡҶС̾˵
ϾǵһӣŮһȥ谮
ҶСһ߿ڵһĻͻȻ䣬ɽˮӨĽһ˿Ȼ
֪Өʱ򣬾ϣҪһӣǵڻûҪЩʧȻ
ҶС˹ȥĽ֣Ľˣлģҡ
ԲԼĶӲӨ˵
ⲻԭҵԭҸұ֤һĶҶС簲ο
ģӨдϣ֮ɫʵ
ġҶСĵ˵ͷ
ҶСİοͳŵӨԵĺ˺ܶࡣ
СͮͮĳͥУ˼ֻЦܶ˶ű
챧һСͮͮҶСҲûбֲΪӵĸף
üʱ䣬ҶС϶Ө˼ƻ
ܿѾǶʮʱҪȥˣôҶСŮ⣬㿪ʼֲõݶϵ󷨡
ʥ۷ʵ󷨵ٶȿ˺ܿ죬ֵһǣС»ҶСæ
˵źǿ츳ԣԺһܹҶС󷨴ȥĺѡ
һʱĸ͵͵뻪ģЩֲǺħ壬ľ塣
Ŷ߽뻪ģӲҶС۾ЩҶСûг֣Щֶһĸ֣Ȼ˻ȥԸ
ҶСҲƬһΣʶ׾սŵıҲܹɾ裬Ҳܹ
ȻЩĸֺܿһлû߳ȥͱ˷ˣȻǿʬ㱻չ
һգͻȻ䣬ħ½һƬ˿µĲ漴Ǻȫӿ˹ȥƺƴ֮µͬʱһɾԶبǿ־Ӿ֮ϺƵ£·ΣҪһ㡣
һĻĸɫÿǻķĸ֣ǵɫѿ˼㣬Ȼ֪ʲô
źħͻƵα񾳣ֺƵĺȣƲ׵ƣѾܹõ˵һˡ
ħоȻиҪͻˣ
ѵǻľҪ˲ɣܣһҪиͻƣ롣
˵˵ѾչأҪͻƣҪȻûлˡ
ַܶ׷۵
ȻħиͻƣôͻƺһնɱЩڳˡ
α񾳵ʵȫǱ뵽κεط֣ѰҳЩˡ
ڴģսУα񾳸ֵǾ޴ģһסĳˣ¸Ѳˡ
ħиͻƵ飬Ĵѹѹ



1753 Σ
ããϣƾҷ·һֻֻŭľ춼Ҫ飬һںߣĽѡ
ƵڣˮһµΣԶԶ𣬾ƬҪˡ
ʥͻƵα񾳵췣ޱȣúܶ˶Ϊ֮ľԷԶںħ½ҶС綼ܹܵһ˿˿췣̶ȡ
Ϊﵽʥ۷ĸֶĪĸӦܾңԶޱȣһļµϢ
ҶСѾһվãã棬ĿԶ˺ħ½
ƳĸСʱʱ䣬û֪
ѾĴ㣬Ƿ׷׶ԼЩŬͻƵĸֵڵرĸܣԷֹħͻ˵α񾳸ǰϮɱ
ħĻĸ֣һɫޱȣ˸Ͻ´һЩʥصĸ־ⱻԷɱ׶˻ĵĸϣ
źħиͻα񾳵¼һ籩𣬼ϯ硣
Ϊ̽ħֵ׳ɹɹ췣ûУ׷ɳ˸ֽħ½ɽȥЩ־Ҳûг
һĻ˶ѾˣħѾɹɹ췣ҪȻЩ˵ĸֲһϢûдʧˡ
ںħиͻαһ£ֻڸĸ߲д˶֪ҲΪ˷ֹĻ̻̣ҡ
ʱҶСѾ˿׼α񾳸ǰ⣬ûʲô赲
ںħͻƴѹԵʣϣѪӰ½ķִһǿĲ
ĵڶ죬Уиͻƣȴûĸ֡
˼ɵ壬ڵĴ½дݹͻʱĲҲ˵ͻˣĽû֪
ʱڣħ塢ѪӰ塢塢жиͻƣľ巽һ㶯ûС
˲²⣬ĸĸ֮ûгΪǶھʱ϶ò˶೤ʱǾͻж
ҶСѾʮʹȫٻأǸͲα񾳸ֵĶ֣ȥҲǰװ
һУҶСЩƬƬһĴսҲ֪ܿõһ
С硭⼸ôһֱĲɵģǲǷʲô飿ͻȻ䣬ŷǧղһֱͶ飬ûвŷǧǰ
ûʲô飬ѧԺЩѧԱѵҶСЦʵת˻⡣
ѵĻʥ֮ϵѧԱٶٸʮʱ䣬ǾͶܹȫɳˣһϣʥ֮оͲٳֶϲˡŷǧ˵
˵һĵ̫ǳˣʥص֮䣬ûмˣһεľг˶ϲ㣬ŷǧ˵ģҪȫչҪʮ겻ȵʱ䡣
С磬׳ʲô飿֮仹ʲôܹ˵أŷǧٴʵ
ҶСԥƬ̣һȻ󻺻³ðɣҸ㣬ͲҪˡ
šŷǧ˵ͷ
ħ塢ѪӰ塢廹УиͻƵα񾳣ڶ췢Ĺǿ϶ˣȵȬǿ϶ɱҶСص˵
ʲôЩУиͻˣŷǧ㶣Ҳʶԡ
α񾳸ֿɲһĸ֣ʵǿޱȣҪնɱ˭赲һǽһ嶥ĸֶնɱˣôҲûϣˡ
ʲôϢŷǧʵ
ûʲôϢ˵Ѿ˵Ѿ󷨴ʦǱȫƱ˺ܶĸ֣ҲҪͻˣǲ֪ʱ仹ܸܲϵϡҶС˵
ܾǱ󷨺͸ֵıҲûаܹ赲α񾳸֣һԻ˵ġ
һôŷǧʳΪؼ⡣
Ӧûʲô⣬ϾҲûп󷨣ҪǵϣҶСᶨ˵
ʱģȻڻ£İΣҶС绹ĵġ
ʲôʱܹͻƣŷǧǻ۵Ĺâ˵
֪죬Ҳʮ꣬һ꣬һͻƣ»ֱԽα񾳣ﵽ񾳡ҶСĿǰûпͨ񹦵ڰ˲Ĵţ˾ҪʱͻƣҲǺ
׼ôŷǧҶСʵ
ҶС˽⣬ҶСԲԴУ϶ȥ


1754 Źǳ
ұȥ赲صڣܹα񾳵ĸֹҶСᶨ˵
ôȥ赲Ϊʥ۷塣ŷǧĵĿҶС˵
һ˿϶УǱˣǻЩսšҶСŹâ˵
׼ս󣿡ŷǧɻĿҶС硣
ֻսֵ֮⣬ûİ취ˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
α񾳸֣ʵǶԷˣҲŷǧҶС磬г˵ǣŲ
ҶСɬһЦֻܹˣպħЩſ·񣬿ʱһģǴѹ͵͵ǰҲûʲô취ˣͿǱߵĸܹܳס
˵ţҶСͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬йâһӣŷǧͬʱ˵ֻ˺˵˻Ҷһ󷨣ӵݶȵ󷨲óɺ󣬻ûпڱ뿪ˡ
ʱҶСѾŷǧһϿգ˫Ŀų˫лһâÿһ졣
ͻȻ䣬ҶСϱŷµƣչÿһϵ󷨣һŹǳ
Ϊƴ쳹Ƭ죬ÿ˶ҶСǶ̧ͷǷʲô顣
ˡ
ҶСո£Ƭͬʱеһ㣬ҡεĺ
䣡
ÿһϵ󷨶ߣͷ·ڵѪһ㣬УصڣҲȫˡ
һ۳ɵĳӴ˷ӿȫӿһУʱ䣬ÿһ춼˷塣
ʱ֮ϣһƬǿճ֣һǻԽ£еĵУÿһ춼;֮ϵǳЩϵ·ǳڸһ㡣
˰Сʱʱ䣬Ƭǿʧһǻһ㣬ȫתΧĵתؼȫۣӿУ֧һת
ʱһǾ֮һϵĳĹתÿһСǻ֣һС͵ǳ
Ȼô׳ۡǰһĻŷǧŹʣ̾һ˵
Ҳû뵽ô׳ۣ治֪Źǳȫóɺ󣬻ж׳ۡҶС۾˵ͻȻ䣬ɫһ㣬һá
ʱֻһ춯ûʲôҶС¶һ˿Ц
С磬ղôˣŷǧɻĿҶС硣
ʧˣΧõСѾ˵ݶȣ󷨲Ųõ˵ݶȣղ󷨿ݶϵĵû󷨣ܹתֻܹԭأһȴסһµת·ߣղŵݶһЩȫˡҶСƵ̾һ˵
һΪ󷨳ʲôˡŷǧһ˵
ʱ󷨻ҳ⣿Ҫǳ⣬ǵͲˡҶС翴ŷǧһЦ˵
ھŹǳУһϵ˶׷ǲ֪ʲô飬ҶС˵ղ󷨣λҪģʱΪ˵˵İȫǡ
ҶСеϵĸֶܹС˺ܶ࣬Ƿ׷ָֻһʼӣʲôȥʲô
ҶСйâƬ첼óɵ󷨡
һ죬ֲһĳһÿռ䶼ȥƺƺƣǿޱȣü籩
䡣ҶСһƺƬ򣬵ǿޱȵУͷ·ʯһ㣬û˿ķӦҶСľѡ
û뵽ŵݶ󷨣ȻǿȻҲ֪α񾳵ǿжôǿ󣬵ǣʵҸ߳ʮĸߺҲƿ󷨡ҶСʮ˵
ӣ׷ģһʼһ󷨻е㵣ǣһһĻŮѧԱѾƽգǿ¶Ҫ
߰ɣǽȥҶСŷǧ˵һ䣬ȻһС
ոսнһҶСƬռЩͬȣǰŨ˺̺ܶ࣬һǳ֮ڴ£ܹ˵ʣˣռл̺һĹһɵĹ·ǿУЩǳתĹ켣
û뵽󷨿Ȼôô֪ˣҾ㽫󷨿ˡҶСޱƵ˵
ԼЩɵôõԴȻ֪ãǱ


1755 
ҶСصһͯӨһŮ˳ɻĿҶС硣
С磬ôͻȻ䣬뵽˿󷨣ͯдɻ֮ɫʵ
⼸죬ҶСĲԾҲܹܵҶСû˵ҲûѯʣҶСͻȻ俪һ󷨣϶Ƿʲô顣
Ҳûʲô£һʱ䶼ðˣΪǵİȫڼ䣬Ƚ󷨿ҶС纬Ľ͵
ǲҪˣͯʵ
ҶС粻ǹĵģ˵ͷߵʫǰźʫиСͮͮЦ˵ðְֱ
ӺʫнӹСͮͮСıţΨܵ˺
СͮͮһҲ峺ޱȵĺ鲻ϵشҶС磬·ҪʶҶСһ㡣
СͮͮҶСһޱҸĸо
аְ֡ҶС翴Сͮͮ˵
Сֻͮͮת峺ҶС綺ЦЦЦ
˰죬СͮͮһӣҶСһƣСͮͮеݸ˺ʫ
СͮͮԺܿ϶һԸ񡣡ҶСйӣͯЦһ˵
ܰɣǿǧҪС̻ͮͮˡҶС綣Ů˵ͻȻ䣬ҶСɫһ㣬Ů˵һʱ䲻Ҫ뿪һȳȥһˡ
Ҵһ仰ʧˡ
ҶСʱѾСˣʱСϣ;ӿƾվɫص˺ħǱߵķ
ڳˣһΪӱܡҶС֣Ϲҳ΢Ц
޷ӱܣʹһսҶСᶨ˵
սųɻվҶСһ𳹾
ҶСصƬڣսţȻҶСѵһ֧սţҶСҵ˼ٵվһ
ӵʱ䣬ѾȫվλãüµѵÿϾⱥϵƺȻһ
սѵǵΪļ죬ʱսУΪ͵ĶѾ˰ʥһ˶̤ʥ
ǹȥҶС翴һۣվǰ档
ʱԶħϣ·һħڼݺƶµƾΧҾڸԷħα񾳸ֵơ
ղһϵʱѾоˣϽʹһû뵽ԷôſţôԶľͷųԼµơ
ǿǰҲһ¡Цһ˵
˼Ǹʵα񾳸־һ壬ҪնɱαǿߣǽµУҪȻӵٶҲסԷҶСɫص˵
Ӻħαǿͷųƣ˶ʵѾһ򵥵˽⡣
ûսţҶСһܶԶܶԶоԼ˼һ֮С
ʥصĸ֣ܽ˸ѶԸӿҲһص˵
α񾳸ǰ²£ͻȻ䣬ҶСתĿһɨʵ
£¡ܹͬⷽն𶯡
ãҪսˣھǼ⼸ѵɹʱˣϣһǲҪˡҶС翴˰뿪Ц˵

ǾԲܣ˭˭ث֡
һȺҰѣǲᱻŵġ
˶һʮ㣬ɵ˵ûһ¶֮ɫҶСĵ˵ͷһֹͣ˵ƣȻŤͷ
ʱħ˾вǧľˣнʱ򣬲ûдԽռ䣬ǳշУħѲһ㡣
ͣҶСǰһĵطħɢȥĵӰɫףϵẓ̇ݡ
ʥصĸ֣Ȼ̧һ޴Ľӣ붼֪еǺħα񾳸֣Ҳֻĸֲʸʹʥصĸ֡
˭ҶС磿һʮӽдֱ˶
һɫ˱䣬־
ǡҶСǰ߳һĻĶźĽ˵
ûͷųԼƣΪûбҪԼ˼ҸǰԵúܿЦ
ʱҶСо·ڿ
ȷʵһ˲ţҾȻ͸㣬Ȼмֲã弸εĹ赲ǵӽдͻȻ䣬ǵһ䣬ҶС磬һᣬңǰҿԼ̡


1756 α񾳵Ŀֲ
㣿ҶС¶һĨЦǸʸ𣿡
ҶСȻ󣬵ȴĴƬؼ䣬仰һöСʯͶƽĺˮУȦȦ
ʱ䣬Ƭռƽޱȣûһ˿ʧˣ˿ҶСĿж¶˲˼֮ɫǶû뵽ҶС羹ȻҺһα񾳸ֽа壬ܶԷ塣
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ת۶˹ҶСᣬһĸֵѹһúܶһֶΪ֮գʱ䣬ĳɾ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣα񾳾־ȻҪҶС糼Ǵḷ́һĿ˵ǳ롣
ȷʵмְǡдһһ˿ͣͽȻһתɭ֮аǲǣҪסһ仰ʶʱΪܣ㽫Σڵ㻹Ҳžʹ䡣
ֻɭĵâжһ
˭仹һأ˵ո̤α񾳵ĸ־ҪѪȾƬˣʱ򣬺ħɾͶ˶ˡҶСĻؾһ䡣
СӣдһŭֲޱȵӿֱͬʵԵĹ
ˡںħα񾳸ֵĿֲ£ҶСĲÿһ£ռ䶼ڲ
䣡
ʱսУ˶Լƣһȫ۳һɣҶСϡ
ҶСƴǣִص飬˵Ķ鱬ƣһӿ˹ȥħα񾳸ֱȫ顣
ءӳܲסµһը˿Ϊ촷ۡ
۳ɢһӰ¶һ꣬ڷ裬ףϿ̻··صĳֹ
ЩҶС֪ģǺħһʹڵĶΪϵ׵ǿҲϵʥͿı任ˡ
˫Ŀз·̺ڶֻҪһۣ궼Ҫ壬ĺһɽһΰ
˫ĿһУâΪ˵ܺãĺܺãͻα񾳣㻹ǵһôԵˡ
лл佱ҶС·ûԷеɱһ㣬ȻҳǷЦݡ
ͻȻڹųһִӿ
Ļ£һֻŮһϸ޳ĳɲǼ䣬ӿڸأ۳һֻ޴ޱȵƣֻ޴ƣ·ҪƬռȫȥ
ռ̣ȫ˸޷㣬ֻܹӲƴ
̡ҶСףȳһ֣һ˳ǹ۶ӿˣнҲһͬʱ۳һ˳ǹ
ͬʱǰ̤һƬռ䶼ݺһֲӿ·ǳˮһ㡣
һ˾޴ޱȵĳǹγɣȫ֣ҶСǳǹǹ⡣
ȡͬʱһ𳹾죬еĳǹͬʱ̳Ǹ˾޴ޱȵĳǹһݺݵĴ̳
䣡
ħα񾳸ĳľ޴ֱӱƣµ˹ȥ
ˡռ䲻϶·Ҫһ㡣
ħ˫ĿһΪԵһȭ˳գǸ˾޴ǹ̳ײһ
һ죬ӣľȥϾ죬·һֻֻһ㣬Ҫû½
ҶСû˿ı仯ħ˳ʮಽʥصĸֱӱֲ˾Զ
û뵽ȷʵЩܣȻܹô˵϶ΪһȻħź˵΢΢
ȻʵѾﵽα񾳣ǺʥֺӲƴƱػ·磬͸ղһȻˡ
̫߹ԼˡҶС˵
ǾȻܹα񾳸֣˲ɵĴٴ
ٺ٣ϣ㻹ܹĹħɭȻһЦĻʱ˲ʧ
ɲǣҶСоǿҵΣУ֪Ѿˡ
Բս󡣡ҶСϽһ
ˡħҶС
ҶСϵĺëȫ쬵ֱð
ûκεףһֻ㳤Ƴǰݺݵȥ
ҶСŰߵľʱҶСǰһĻһĻƺƴ۳ɵķ֡
ħϹҳһ˿Ц΢΢һȻһǱ⵶ݺݵĴ˹
ǡԷ̫ˣȻֺܻ񣬵ȻԷˣһײҶСϡ
ءͬʱƺһҶС߹ֱӶѣһѪ
ʱ򣬶Էʧˡ


1757 в
ʱ˲֪α񾳸ֵǿα񾳸ֶڿռǿĺܶࡣ
ˣħα񾳸ȷʵһСϾ˵ƣһھ󷨵ĵӣֲޱȡ
£ħα񾳸ֻܹѹ˵ĻǾˣα
ħα֪սĻκβҶСˣΪҪԿԿǸͲƣչֵһĻơ
ٶȼ죬ûϬޱȣÿһжһ˿Ĺ֮ޱȣҶС綼һС
ղҪҲҶСеһֵĹһ֮£ҶСŶܹ򴩣ֻ˼߹ǡ
ʱƶֱҶСΪγһԲâãƬռУȫһƬâǳһ޴Ķơ
û°ɣԲȦ룬ǲѪҶСѯʵ
û£α񾳸ֵʵȻ£ȻֱӻǵķҶСŹâ˵
ʱһһɺɺޱ·һȼһ㣬ӵǻֻۣҪҶСҪųҴܡ
ۡҶСһѪɫ԰ޱȡ
ҶС磬ȵϢտҶСɫȰ˵ҲҶСе鷳
ҲáҶС˵ͷ˫ĿרĵĶԸӿһ
ʱսѾڳ˷ƣһȦһȦܹоžŰʮһȦÿһԲȦղͬĹ켣УЩ켣ศɣŷϵ
֮⣬ռ΢΢ħֵӰ֣ޱȵĹâ·Ҫ͸󷨡
ߣһ󷨶ѣΪܹ赲סңħα񾳸˵гš
䣡
ǿĺ˳ǵأʧȥɫʣźתϵ֧룬ݺݵ˹ȥ
·ǿĺ˷ñĲùâײһ𣬺һƬռ䲻𶯣ǡһЩطȻһϸ΢Ŀռѷ졣
Բս󲻶תһ㴫˽Ļһ鶼ûУսȻͦû˿ҵס
ʲô󷨣Ȼ˾ˣҾͲŴħϷһĨɫ
ȫȭͷգһȭһȭ˹ĻϣµĻϱ
䣡
׵Ƭض𶯣Ȼħα񾳸ǿޱȣȻ䲻ǲĻȭͷڹĻϣǽ̶ʱͱΡ
һϰȭȻ޹¶һ˿ŭɫΪԼʵƳͲٻ£û뵽ͺ䲻ƣߵĹԼЩҲס
ҶС磬ѵ׼һӴǸ𣿡ħ֣кڹս˵
ʱԲսУҶСѾҪĹͷЩȫһط
ɢҶСһȣʱ䣬ƺ飬ëӿ
ʱǡ˺ħα񾳸ֵĻ˵б£Ƚ󷨴ơ
ҶСĻħα񾳸֣һ䣬ܹƵĻֺαϻأ
ʱ䲻ˣÿһӣоп˻ͻƣþնɱвα񾳸
иִϢУ֪ҶСһһȻˣҶСвʵ̫ˣ͸о˳صѹûʲôǰ꣬ǧأ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ҶС㵱治ħα񾳸˫Ŀ΢΢һУ˵
ҸղѾ˵ˣֻҪܹƿ󷨾ͿˡҶСƽޱȣԵϢԼơ
ȻˣǿɱҲȻһƬڵ඼Ὣιͷϡħα񾳸˻ڲ
ҶСɫһ䣬ѿޱȣղ;ЩԾĵطˣҪα񾳸֣Ǳķ
һα񾳸ֽ˻ڲʧͲ룬ǵʵӵʱ䣬ܹһС
һ˶ס˺ȴҶСľ
ãҳٴΪҶС绺˵
ҶСĻһһݵĵǡ
ҶСѡ˼ǿ¾ҪˣϾУİΣһУҶСѡǶǳοٿ֤ҶС˽ġ
󣬰ս󡣡ҶС˵
ԲȦէȻһ䣬˰˿飬ڸ߿ոӵĻͻ֣ᷢγһͼӣһɺΰƬռ䵴
ҶСָ£ս󣬶һһӽħα񾳸С


1758 
ħα񾳸ָûܣ󷨽֣ղûк󷨣ڲԼһԴƣǶԼʵһš
ҪնɱҶС磬Ҫƻ˵ģһƳ󷨣ĶܵǿҵĴЩеȫ߽⣬ʱٽ뻪ģͻ׺ܶࡣ
ΪǬҶС𣬰սһ䣬γһƬգ³γһƬ½ء
Ǭ䶯սһתΪһ硣
õУҶСߣͷһһֻ޴ޱȵƴźħα񾳸ȥ·ҪĳƬ
ħα񾳸֣ǰ߳һȦȦγɣȦȦƬռ͸ޱȣ·Ϳ뿪硣
䣡ֻƽ£ӡһ޴ޱȵӡħα񾳸Ѿ˹ȥ
һ̩γɵռѣסң̫ЦˡЦһ˫ǰݺһ˺һ޴ѷγɣһ̤룬ʱ䣬ͻʵ硣
һĻҶСĳԷα񾳣ع򣬸ޱȣ͵󷨸ס
ҶСٶָˣսתǬλϸֳһƬգλһƬ𣬿λϣӿϺˮλϻܣ˷·˻һӣλϣһ䣬˺е׽λϣϹâãγһ޴ޱɽ壬Ρƣ˸оСλϣһγɣƿռ䣻λϣһƬγɣ·𲻹˭УҲܳˡ
ڻе˼Ŀһɨƺ¶һ˿֮ɫ
졣ҶС
һƬգһɺƴѹ٣·־Ƭռ䶼ˡ
ء
ȻӣٶȣһɷǳϢɢ
ˮ
ûɵϺˮӿ̺ſޱȵ·һֻֻޣκӿ
𡣡
ƬܵһУһشػɳȼ˻ĵĳȸźħֳȥƺҪȼճɻҽ
ס
һĳͷ̺ſռ
ɽ
һͻȻ䣬۳һɽݺѹ£־ء
硣
һУ·иռ䶼г롣
󡣡
Уˮݲƶǹʵޱȣýħס
ʽͻأ䣬ħֳЦһǿ·һأǿߡ
ƾһգһīĳγɣӶɲǼ仮˰˵켣ÿһ켣·عγ˹ǿޱȵƻ֮
䣡
µıըء
һսֹǶޱȵĿţҶСֵסˣôľͰȫˣһֵס¾Ҳûܹ赲ˣôĽǧٿףѪɺӣ˺ܶ֡
ʽǿƥһڵĵâնգ˰ˮɽıˡ
һӱ߽ǿޱȵĹ
Ұ·ǿǺ˱ڡ
α񾳸ֶع⼫Ϊһ۾Ϳĳһǿ󹥻ı㣬С߽⹥
ҿ㻹ô赲ңħαЦһҶСϷ֮ɫ
ɲǼ䣬Ӱʧ
áҶСɫһ䣬ϽܣѾһǿҵΣС
ļ;ӿҲоΣǾܣֹԷɱҶС硣
֪ҶСҪԣҶС类ɱˣսҪˣֻҶСֶ󷨵ĸֲָܹս
ħγֵλþҶСʮףݺҶС˹
;ӿͬʱǰ̤һҶСǰҶСȡʱ䡣
ƾҲ赲ңħαȻ˵ƲݺĹ
ۡ;ӿһѪɫήң˳ȥ
ҶСҲ˳˺ü
ʱҶСм䣬һͼγɣ̺ϵΰǽսγɵİͼ
΢΢תİͼҶС绺ƳƬռ䶼ںݺݵ𶯡
ħα¶һ˿Ĳм֮ɫһָռֱӱˡ
ǡͼֱ飬ǹָȥƲһҶСļγһѪѪ
ҶСɫޱȣû뵽α񾳾Ȼ˿£ǶսҲסԷ
ǲǾúʧħα¶һ˿ϷʣȻսȷʵǿޱȣҲԣα񾳵ǿͲ˽⣬ҶϤʵ޲սѹң֮õ󷨣նɱ㣬͵ס


1759 ׳һĻ
ħαĻҶСĬ֪˵Ķʵ
սУ˵Ϊһα񾳸Уһ۾ܹսУȷʵ赲סγַ󷨣ǣһγս󣬿ԻڣЩ˳֡
սȫʥأʥصĸֲóɣ»пס˵ʲôѾˡ
һһըƬռ䡣
ħαһץƬռֱӶˣһצ£µΰ·ҪҶСץĩ
ԷһҶСɫһ䣬˫ֻһƬ죬һƬأ˫ֺϲغ£ơ
ΪõĹâҶСбųֵŶԷĹ
䣡
ҶСսĿ¹ֱӱԷץˣΪ˴ɢ˿С
ҶСϣһƬѪⱻץѪ
ħα겢ûоʹ˰֣׼ҪҶСһֻһƬռ·ֱӱг롣
ۿҶСҲҪг룬ͻȻ䣬ӰᵵҶСǰǼ;ӿˡ
ֱۡӱһն롣
Ȼ赲ԼĹħα񾳸ŭĿӿ׵Ľնϵ˰
ĲҽƬ̼䣬;ӿ˾ͻΪ˷ɻҡ
еŵĲʣһַŭ־

һҪҶС˫Ŀͨ죬˫ȭԸԵ죬һһֵ˵ѾŭıԵ;ӿ˶Ϊôܹŭ
ҶС֪֮ԻΪԼΪԼϣ赲סԷϣöԷ뻪ģĴɱ¾
ѪȼҶСеŭҲȼеŭ
ʮս󡣡ҶСһ˫ֻʮâ죬Ųһơ
սѾѵˣҶСĹâôȥ
սͻȻһ䣬ʮ飬ʮⷽռ䣬·عЩı䣬һƬռе
ܵΧռı仯α񾳸ɫ΢΢һ䣬ҶС˵󷨻е˼
սУо˾޴˶ع򣬶ȸղż˺ܶ౶
Ȼս󻹿ԣΪսܹ赲סնɱ㡣ħα񾳸˵
ʱһȭҶС繥µĺӿ޵ĺȭд
ơҶС˵һ֣Ϸâ֮ŷһɷâƿնȥƽĹֹʮսӳֵĽ
ǡԷȭҶС绮ķâֱ֮ӱˣǿȭҶС
ǹȭҶС֣ⷽգҶС޷ܡ
ҶСĿһ˫ʮ֮ǰγһơ
䣡
ڶԷǿһȭУֱ飬ȭҶСϡ

ҶСһһѪ嵹˳ȥ
ս
ս
һ˷
ಡʮӰսзɳҶС˹ȥ
ˡʮз͵ĹâסҶС磬ǵͬʱ˳ʮÿһ£Ƭռ𵴲ѡ
սϢԸ
ǰԸ
ЩһĵĿҶС˵
û£ҲҪһսҶСվֱ˵ƾеѪ£Ƭ
ʱѾȥȻֱֱͦһǿӰ˵ĶڷŭڵѪڷڣ޲õǹƥɱȥ
ս
˶ĵĽһһ޵ĵĺ
˵ˣҪҵԺҪӽѵеսڻͨҶС翴˼ѵ˵ȻĿͶ˺ħα񾳵꣬˵ҪնɱңҲҪһĴۡ
ңǲСħα񾳵ĸ˵
ϣһֻ޴ĺɫҶС˹һ֮£ܹҶСĸ顣
١ͻȻ䣬һӰҶСǰʮʹߣǸܵҶСΣգ˹
ʮ˿ҶСĿ¶Ĺ
ȥȥǣҶСһжǴһ˵
ܹΪ赲˵ĹĸԸĵһ˵
ĸԸͬ˵һɱ׳Ƭռӡ
ʱһֻ޴Ѿ
ۡʮʹըѣѪ꣬ȫãã
ø˵һĻҿڻ˭Ϊ赲ħ˵ٴҶС˹
ǡʱһͬʱһӰ赲ҶСǰ
ǡ
תۼ䣬ʮӰᵵҶСǰγһƣǶսеĸ֡
ǣϽ뿪ҶСƴйâҪƿѾˡ
ۡǵ屬ѣһ飬ѪҺɽ䡣
һһᵵҶСǰ
ۡ
һһĸΪҶС絲סԷĹѪȾƬ죬һɱղӡ
ʮ֣۾ͨ죬ˮڲת
˭˵жûᣬж޾ʹ˻
˭˵Ĳ룬һ̼䣬˶ĳޣ־ɳǣͬԿµĵˡ
һĸǰըѪȾգҶС촽Ѿҧˣ۾ʵĲˮǱʹǺ⡣


1760 
սһʼҶͲΪоһСëһʱŶսѵҷˡ
սһҪúõĻţǵϣ
սϣֻأǻܹһɱС

һٱʱصƬռС
ʣ죬·ҲΪЩȥĽʿһʢ衣
ÿжڵѪǰΪҶС赲ΪʲôΪܹҶСţҶСѵΪǿս
ģɱЩ塣
ɱʹ죬û뵽ô޴ҾͲȫħα񾳸ֿЦһһɨ˵
һĸֺᵵҶСǰЩݣޱȣһ˿ĺ¡
£ǲ˲ԼͬĺУ졣
һ̼䣬½ֶֺܶܶһĻ۽Ƕ۳顣
ȻˣҾɱǡħα񾳸гһĨһĳᵲҶСǰʮһȫ
һƶΣҶСǰ
ħгһƵħնȥ
ۿһҪͻȻ䣬һɫƥӿħײһ
ǣ
ħ飬ɫƥҲʧ
˭ħα񾳸ɫһȵ
ͻأ䣬ûһ˿ףһӰһǰһɫȹŮӣ°ӡ
һӰҶСѪ촽˶ڣ֪ҶС֡
ɱ𣿡ΪƬռдɭ⡣
񣬺ħα񾳸֣Ŀ΢΢һɲǼ¶˲֮ɫα񾳣ôôܣ
ӻûиܵκʥͻʱ췣ôͻȻһα񾳸֣ޱȡ
ͻȻ䣬ħα񾳸ַ·뵽ʲôһ㣬¶˻Ȼ֮ɫˣʱĸ֡
ȻȥɣתҶС˵¶һ˿Ǹ⣬ȻɨһۣǶ뿪ͽˡ
Ѿα񾳣˶˿ħα񾳸ĿǷŭ֮ɫ
ʱҶСĿɭȻĶźħα񾳸˵úúõĻţͻƺѪҺղȥЩʿ
ħα仰в˲·𿴵ԼҶСնɱһĻȻؾһ䣬˭ɱ˭һأ
͵ſˡҶСĿ˵
ϣҶСν䣬ãã󺣣Ҳ׷Ǳ˴УǶѰòȥЩ˵ĺǡ
ȻѾα񾳸֣ô˻ȨξͷŹǡħα񾳵ĸָɵĿһ񻺻˵
˵꣬һ̧ž׼뿪ܵ˼ΪΣյϢڶΣڡ
ָоΪòߡ
ߣδȬδȹ̣Ȼ͸ǰɱˣĵӵǲС˵һһַ·֮ϵըƬա
ħα񾳸֣һΣ·ԽƬռһ㣬Ͻշɶɣźħ½ɳ۶ȥ
˵ʵʱڶ췣ʱܵ˻ûкãҲûȹ̣֮˽ɱˣΪնݳЩЩҪͻƵĸ֣û뵽оȻһα񾳸֣ƣѾȹ̡
ŶԷȥıӰĶû˵һգһ»콵䣬γһ䳤
ǻк۳һҡ
һֻһâľһӱڶ
Щ۳һ֧
乭һɣһ֧ʱʧ
һޱȵ漴Ǻ¡һ춯·һƬռ䱬ըһ㡣
Ҳɱ㣬Ինɱ㣬ϣա쳹Ƭա
ʱվƬգ·ĺˮ·ܹ͸ˮеһС
һӰǴӴд̳˸ղЩֵĺǡ
ʮӵʱҶСӺгʮʹߣкֵܶʬ
ǻûʮʹ˵
ţˣҲԶˡȿȿȡҶСʹ֮ɫ˵ո˵꣬ȳһѪ
ܹЩʲôʵ
ǻȥΪһ¡ҶС˵
á˵һ䣬һâӿȫͬʱһޱȵ»֮ҶСУΪҶСڣЩ·Ұĺ
ҶСڵĺ󣬷뿪


1761 ս
ۿ־Ҫɷںħα񾳸Уû뵽ͻȻ併٣α񾳵Ϊ˺ħα񾳸֣
һĻйעĸֶһ
һα񾳸ִڣĿɱƽܹһ䳬Խ塣
Ľŵһɨ⣬˵Щ֣ŵڵõ˷ɡ
ݼһ񣬱ϾǻĵĶ룬Ѿʧˣ뵽ĳһطֻҪǸע⡣
ȻһЩѾ֪һڣһ״̬óȻǰĻ˵ǵ񲻸ˡ
Ѿα񾳸֣Ϣݵĺܿ죬һӵʱ䣬Ѿݵ˸塣
֪һֺǶ뻪ĵĴ㣬ɳһ¸ְ̽
СϣҶС羲վƴĹǰСѾʮĴСˣĹҲʮķΧΪҶС翪ٵԵʣǿսЩ˶
ҶСѾЩĸֵʬȫᡣ
ʱ󣬻ʣЩ֣һսҶСĸ־ٶ
Щ˶ĵˣûа˽ġ
ҶСѾվĹǰһһҹˣȻѾѪˣȻڣȥŻûиԭ
þãҶС³һ·еĳȫ³ˡ
һսиоǷ˺ܶ࣬ЩԲģΪԼİΣΪܹԼսŸԸ֮
ҶСתһһϸˣãŻ˵ҼסˣǸ壬ǸӽǴҵĶֵܡ
ֵܡֵܡ˴һỨǼǿġ
סԺһħ֣նɱһ׼ĴҶС˫ĿбųĹâ
Ǽסˡ
Ǻأ·ĹУЩ˯ѾõӢ鶼ˡ
ãŬѵȡΪᵽʱһᴫս󣬻Ǻϻ󷨡ҶС翴˵
ǣսͬ˵Ȼɢȥصյ첻ԶĵطѵţʱѵļΪ̿࣬·ͻȻ䣬ɳ˺ܶࡣ
ҶС翴˿Ĺ΢΢һ̾˵ҪԹ޾ԹҰɣһжΪ˻ġ
˵꣬˫лһâĹУһСʱʱҶСͣ
ʱɫ԰ޱȣһĺ˵Ϊﵽ־ĸָͲȴ˺֪ʲôز
һĹҶСһ˾ʧˡ
һϣƬһУҶСӰͻأ֣ոճֵ˲䣬Ůȫ¥б˳һдŹĵǵĿΧ
С磬ҩҺϽȥŷǧݹ˺üƿҩҺ˵ֶе
ŷǧ侲ǻŮӶĳӣ˵ˡ
ҶСͺħα񾳸ִսʱŮһ㺹ǴϿ˵ҶСҪ˵ʱǸѹĵĵᡣ
ҶСùСƿȫ򿪹˿С
ģҲģǶûأҶС԰׵ɫ¶Ц˵
쵰Ҫи̣ұҸˣ㡣᰺۾
Ȼȴ͸¶ŨŨĹĺ͵ǡ
Ժ׼ôðգҪȻĲ㡣ĽѩҶС˵Ľëϻ飬ϻδɵۡ
ҶСǺһЦ۰ĿĽѩ׼˵ЩʲôʲôͻȻüͷһšһһںںɫѪ
С硭
С磬
ҶС³һѪŮĲѣæΪҶСǵѪ
С磬ǲǸղ˵ĻˣĽѩС˵лһ˿΢΢Ρ
õģղǲǻǻڵѪҶС˲Ľѩϵۡ
ҶС罫ĿͶɫ΢΢԰ף촽ĺʫЦЦ˵ʫұ
ʫдŨŨĵ˹ҶСؽڻУ˵õģûˣʮºȻ
ҶС֮ӵʫҶСƫģ֪ʫһϲ·еˣŮκ˶ҪԼ
ܾǿһЩкѽ⿪ҶСͷųҪС
ҶСİοһԭ򣬺ʫһſžӨ黬¡
ҶС罫Ϣʱûᣬһȴ˳
οһŮ˵Ϣ״̬


1762 ֮
޸ƣҶСʮʱ䣬ҿûжҡҪȻ¹ָҪʮʱ䡣
ʮʱ䣬Ѿˣĵյ֪ĵα񾳸־ȻһʱĸʱһĬ
ʱĸ򷨵ĿߣǶعޱȣĺܶ๦似ģͬĹЩ˵Уܹӳٷ֮һٶʮ
ĸ֣λ֣еɵޱȡ
α񾳵ĸֲһˣ˵λα񾳸᳤֣գ·۳Ѳһ㣬Ͽպɣ޼ɵһֻ޴Ƴ֣öԷߡ
֪л񾳸ʱӳĬˣûٸҶ˭֪Ǹֻðһα񾳸
һУҶСΧͻȻʧҶС˫Ŀ˫Ŀйâ㣬һƬǿգΪʮڵѷһȫֹУһ̼䣬·ʱͣ٣Զһ˲䡣
ʱҶС糤ΧһвŻָԸԣڹһ죬·޾
ȫɢ˶ųһ壬Ƭ̼䣬ָ
硭
硣
ʱҶСŤͷһ¡С۹գҶС˹ȫҶСĻУǳĲûԣʱΪҶСĻһţҶСƸպõԵʡ
ˣҶС¶Цݣ谮ǵԴ
õģѾûˡҶСЦЦ˵Ȼȥ
ո߽һŲŤͷһŮȫڣҶСѾȫˣŮҲЦݡ
ûˡŮе飬ҶС΢΢һЦЦ˵ȽȥǺǡ
صŮĿȻҶСϡ
С磬Ƕ֪Щ飬ȥһҪԼİΣͯҶС˵
֪ǵˡҶС翴ŮĿдһ˿Ρ
ŮҲǲˣ֪ҶС֮ˣΪģһǴңһСңʱ˺Ѿ
С磬ľǶѾ֪ˣɲԸҲȥһ£Щȥĸ֡ĽѩҶС˵һĨıˡ
áҶС˵ͷ
Щ˶ΪǶԼˣȥҲӦġ
һҶСŮ߳һ򣬵ǳʱ򣬺ֵܶĿͶ˹ôŮʱһЩֶ˷ģ룬ǲԼҲӦҸƯϱˡ
Ůкܶ˶ǳγҶСȥȪСһȦ
ķƽѾʧȻкܶ⣬Ѿǰ
СУ϶һ˿ãгǶܲӦᣬûа취ΪֻӦ
ѧѧУ԰ȻڣȴҪĿγ̣ҲΪӦķչ
عŮĬ˼ǲҵһĻǶ롣
ֺгƽ׵ʧˡþãΪ˵ĺ̾һ
ȻԼϲĹÿΪһϵһЩĿ
ϸ˵һ·Գһ½һ㣬ĺƽһ
һŮƬ̺ҶС
·Ѿ֪ҶСҪһ㣬еȴ
ˡҶСƽ˵
šҶС˵ͷ
ĺӽʱͻƵģʱԴеļ䣬й̾磬ûг֡дһ˿Ǹ˵
þÿǷʲôǷҪл㣬Ҫ㣬½ˡҶС絭һЦ˵ˣһ£α񾳸ֵжǿ󣿡
˼һ˵α񾳸ֶع̶ȣжƿس̶ȣʥ۷ǿʮֹα񾳸ڵѾʼʵı仯ԳΪ֮ǹԣԣд͸ԣֻҪǰǿȵʮۺʵǰʮֲʥغʥ۷Ĳࡣ
ôһͣҶСα񾳸ߺǿһֱ۵ʶ
֮ҲӦǵɫΪǰɫħֵǺɫҶСʳΪĵط
֮ɫȷʵǵɫǿԸıɫΪؼĲɫаʣȻͬǵɫİ֮Щ˵ȻЩ˵ͻգҲЩ˵ɭɭⶼڸĹйء͵


1763 ĵ
ԭˡҶС˵ͷ
С壬ӵеҲܿ£ԶԶֹô򵥣Ǹ廹α񾳸֡ҶС硣
ôܣûм˭췣˵ţͻȻ䣬ҶС뵽񣬶ʱ˹
Ҳ˵ڵα񾳸ֵǸ󣬰˵α񾳵ĸ֡
ȻѾα񾳸֣ΪβնɱһЩǿĴڡҶСʵ
Ҳ˼ּĸ֣Ҳߺ˳ǵϳܲȷ˵
û뵽صôֲľûȻûиֶ췣ȴûα񾳸ǰȥ
¸Ѿ֪嶼ʵΪᱻϵĸɱΡ
Ȼʱĸ֣ôҲһҲĸ֣ҲȴعָʱΪͻơ
һʱ䣬Ҫע㣬òҪȥԶĵط⵽ǵϮɱѵ
ҶСв̫ˣ˵Ǹα񾳸־ͻᰵжԸҶС硣
ףһŬһʱġҶС˵ͷ
ΪѾﵽƿҪٽһͻƣҪȥԼĶҪܹѧۺһΣͻкô
á
һ㣬ò˶ãһֻή٣Сĵ㡣
ĻҶСһɻصŮСһЩˣҲСһЩˣЩ˾ʲôˣʱ׷ʲô顣
ʲôˣǲǸ֣ҶСѯʵ
ʱȻ֪Ϊ͵Ķα񾳸֣ʲô磬ҲϾѾ¡ҡҡͷ
ҶСһƣĻʱԼȻ֪ѵĸ֣
Щ飬һʱûа취˵֪Ҳʲô£˳Ȼĺá
ðɣ
Ů츳ú϶ΪһǿĴڡ

뿪ҶСһƣ˵ֻ˵һ룬Ūģ·Ƕڼɵʲôһ㡣
ʱúܿ죬תۼ䣬һڵʱȥˣҶСŮ⣬㽫Լѧһ飬ȻȻûб䣬ʵȴ˲٣źȻûпڰ˲Ĵţ·ȱһʲôһ㣬ҶСҲ˵
һգҶСڱСͮͮЦͻȻ䣬һҶֵܣˡ
ȻûдǣһֱעٶҶС绹ˡ
ɢҶС΢΢һ漴ЦѾ֪˭һΣʧˣһ档
ֻԶһ׷һڱף߻Χֶ֣˵ˡ
Ϊ׷ҵǿߣ׼һ¡
սҶС磬ֹ˵
Ҷֵܣڼˡ׷ŤͷһҶСʱ¶һ˿ļ
ҶСʱύĸ֣飬һĵˣΪ˾Լӣڷɰ׷þһֶΡ
ҵѣģǻĲģ˵ܹΪǵİ֡ҶС翴˿Χɫ˸˵
ǣս˹˵һȻȥ
ٲĻҿܾҪǼˡ飬ҶСЦЦ˵
ǧˣȸܷҪˡϽ˵
ȻˣҾͲҲ֪һûͻǸ磬һͻƣԻȸҶС籣֤
лл
ߡҶС˵ǰһռֱͨһ
߽ȥͨԶպϡ
һϿʱһ֮ɫ춼û˵þſ˵Ǵ۽磬ȻĪ󷨣ֱʣǴֱʣ˸òҶֵɣ
ҶС纬Ц˵ͷ
ֲܹҲõ󷨣ܹóô󷨣Ҳ磬Ĳ硣̾һ˵˶٣˵㲼õ󷨿Ǻ
ҶСĿһۣˮƽҲܸߣֻóһٲ֣㿴ЩСÿһΧаǾŹǳŲõ˵ݶϣõھݶϺȫˡ
ҶСĽͺһĴֱʣ󷨲ó»ԳһƬ½Сϵ˵޷󣬿ϣûбӼ̵ĵطˡ
Ҫ󷨲̸ˣҪôҶС翴˵
ղż飬Ѿ˼ϵˮƽҲ󷨲õĻ죬ȵһʱ³ɳҲһ֣οѧԺУľ츳ѧԱ



1764 Ӯͻ
㣿á¶һ˿Ļȣ󷨼Ϊ£˵ڲ󷨵ʱˮƽܹܶ࣬漴ȴ¶˳֮ɫĺҲѵͲ·ƿ󷨣
󷨺ĵĲֱãϾȫһģܹа覴ãο㲻ȸҪȻһʲôֽŵġҶСЦЦ˵
һΪ˵֮ĻãЩ˵һһ׵αӺöˡɫ˵㻳еŮ
ţճáеķཡѩһСͮͮҶС¶ҸЦݡ
ϲ㣬ŮҲ򵥣ԺԽҿûʲô⡣ŹâСͮͮ˵һ
˵ţƾճһöָͷһСӨ͸ľ壬ڲа׹תһ˿γɽö崮ȻСͮͮĲϡ
СͮͮϼΪ峺С۾һΪܵӡ
衣ҶС羪ֶޱĵرͨޱȵıУֱĻѾ˱仯ʵһ㣬ʱУΪĲ֡
ֶ֮󣬲ܹ壬ܹȥħֵΪ߰
ҪĻԵ̫ˣСͮͮлˡҶСмĿһ顣
ûʲôһСѡ·ʮִȵ˵
֪㲻ϲ˴㣬ȴȥһס°ɣҶС翴˵
Źǳһͨӵһû˵ĵϣҶСĴ£˳˵ϡ
㾹ȻƬв˽󷨣нֹ̽Ѱ󷨣һ̵ıݡܣһԾ˵
ǺǣȵľŹǳɺ˵Ҳ١ҶСЦЦ
鰲źúҶСһϿգâͬʱ󷨡
ŹǳѾرգƬл˺ܶȻڲϵתš
˰Сʱʱ䣬ƬֹͣתͷŻеСͮͮ·ǺĿһУСһڣҲܹܲЦ˵㳤ˣ󷨣ְ־ͽƿء
Сͮͮѽ˵ʲôСֻڲϵĻӶš
СͮͮӣҶСͻȻ뵽С鿴ȥֻһСϣСֻɽкֱײָֻԸޣٲȻһϴɣҶСһЦ
һ£ֱӳСǰ
ѽѽҶС磬Сһ˷ܵӣһ£Ϊһ׹ҶСļ򣬺ĿСͮͮСͮͮҲǺĿС
С໥ŶԷҶСЦЦС˵ŮͮͮԺʹͮͮ߰ɣ
˵ţССͮͮС
СֻͮͮСֱСһĵӣСҲΪʵһܹԵӡ
Ժʵ㣬ҪȻҾͻὫǶٳˡҶСŤͷһֻȻʧˡ
ҶСصһСͮͮСͽľܿ㣬һΧ
֮ССͮͮǺСͮͮܵʲôˣСڣҶСİȫȽϷġ
ӣҶСããо˺ö죬Щ켫СȻⲻס˵ģΪ˲õġ
ʮʱڶֵİ£ݶϵĵȫ²úˣҶС㽫ݶϣ󷨵һ֪ʶȫ飬󷨣ȻʱҲѧԺѧԱȥ󷨣ΪԼյ
һսѾ˺ö죬ʮʹѾȫָˣһεǵǸΪǿˡ
һ죬ҶССѵЩսţǽսۺϣѵսĹΪ
ͻȻ䣬һ죬һɼΪµƱɫĳھ֮Ϸ裬·һȦ
ͻˣҶС˾ķ
ϿҶС֪Ӯͻˡ
һͻƣľλα񾳸֣ٸ׼ԸĵʱҪһ£λα񾳸ֵŭ

Ʋžķӿȥͬʱһɺƴ־ؼ䵴һ־·ǶԶ췣֮˵Ŀ顣
ûж೤ʱ䣬ϣѹǣһھ޴Ƿء
īޣƲ˻һߣŷſµܾҶСλúԶҶСоľ


1765 ŵ
ӮͻƸǸ˻޵ģϾ˵˵ǻȨˣ˶޵ϣ
뾩ܽ˶ܹһӰվգ¾Χƣϣһַ·һĸо
ꡭһ׵罵£ն·ҪˣӮԡ׹Уûж·׵塣
Χؼ䣬ǿɨǲһʱЩ׷ȥؼ䵴һɵĲʡ
Ӯɵضȹһ췣ӿǾ֪Ӯ۷񣬴ﵽα񾳸û
ȻӮʵǿᣬ˾žŰʮһ췣Щ׵赲סǳΪĲƷα񾳵ľǹˡ
ʮһ׽ĸСʱʱŽڰʮһ׽֮£ˣأЩͼɱĴڶɵޱȣջǷˣ֪ӮѾ
Ӯɹ췣Ϊα񾳸֣ĶˣһϳЦݣ֪α񾳸ִڣǰȫģǻһ԰
֮ϣӮվһɫľ֮ϣռȻȻһ˿ĽڣеǱȻڵסķˡ
תۼ䣬һ棬˫ĿĽ⣬·ܹҶС粻֪󷨡
лӮһķ˹֣ʾл⣬Ǹл赲˸α񾳸֣Ϊ赲ʱ䣬ҲΪĶл
ûдӵ߳תҶС˵ͷǴк뿪
ȻûΪ񲻳ֶԸ֪ˣˣ̬ȣҲоٸס
ΪӮͻ֣ǶûʲôҲûٴģĹ磬ֻּСӣ½
Ӯͻƣ·ҶСûκεӰ죬Ǹøʲô͸ʲô󷨣Ůڲ֮䡣
ӮͻƵʱһǿϢӱһʥغڵĸ֡
Сʱ˫Ŀ磬·Ҫ鿴ʲôһ㣬ջûз֣˵ҶС磬ȥһˣ̡
ⷽ𶯣һƬڣ˶ˡ
һһУĿ¶ԼѧҶСѾоֵĵӶԷͷһ㣬ҶСûʲôøС
ͷǸ˭ԼˣⲻڸԼˣǸ֣ңƺЩ̫ˣΪԼʵǿʵϱԼʵǿ˶ȥˡ
ҶСЦһûж·ûһ㡣
ʥغڵĸּҶС粢ûг֣ɫ΢΢еѿо·ҶСӡ
ҶС磬ѵΥɣһ
ҶС绹ǲ֣ɫˣлһɷŭǴ˼ʤʲôֵҫģ
ҶС磬ԣ
⻰һҶС绹ûʲôʾЩѵĸ֣һŭĿӣŨҵɱ·Ѿ̡
ҪŬѵǾԻȥȺŹǸɶļһ
ʱռ΢΢𵴣ҶСӰ֡
ҶСɣļӻ󰡣㣬㾹Ȼٵĳûн˷ҶС֣һӸµӣɫ˵ֱӸҶСһñӡ
ˣʲôʱһ˵㣿ҶСǰ߳ÿһ߳һʳһ⡣
㡭ҶС磬Ҵû˵ЩֻǴĻѣĥĥģѵǽҶСʵļ˵˻ķӦǱȽϿģϽʵ֮ղ˺ܶ࣬Եĵ㡣
ŶԭǸȵģ᲻̨ĶΪܹأҶС絭һЦ˵
ۿڲţʮȲҶС硣
㡭ҶС磬ֺ˵
ҾˣôҶСϹҳһ˿ϷʣʲôطԴ󡢰Լݵ˴ڡ
Ϊ˼ʤ̣ҾͲҶ֣Ȼ㣬㣬Ҳᣬ㲻ðˣ䶢ҶС˵ɷϣе㼵ҶС硣
ԼʵҶСǿ󣬵ģУû˲֪ҶСֵģĬĬţӱ˵Ҳо𾴣оЩƽ


1766 ҶС統
˵仰ʱΧһɱӿЩսŵĸӿһƬռ·Ҫˣֳصաµɱִһ
ѵֻǴ˼ʤˣ㣬ûкսնɱ˶֣ҶСӿкųѹȥû˵һ仰ǰ߳һһƬռ䶼
ҶСϵƣְԾµƣ˳ɫһ䣬ʱ֪ҶС֮翿Ĳʲôʵ
ǺսһʱֵѪȾʱھȻȻ˵Ǵ̣ˣһûնɱࣿҶСһֶը졣
ҶСʳһ⣬ǰ߳һ־˳һͬʱһѪ
ҶСĲƣΧ˵ƣƬռҶСĻ𶯡
ʲôʸ˵ңҶСͣ˽Ų˵
ۡٴһѪɫ԰ޱȣֵָҶС磬㡭
ʲô㣬Զٿ㣬Ҳι㡣ҶС˵ľֻ˵ˣϣҶСϾûиоɷͱʾһʱ䣬ûɱˣսˣȻɷմȾɷƾõѫ£ûԸԸɢȥ
ҶСĻɴ⣬Ͻȥһ˿ĺ⣬ô˵Ҳʥصĸ֣ôǰӣҶСŹأ
뿪ҶС簲һսиֵȻ뿪žնȥ
ܳһʱûˣȻʣһо¸ûиı䣬Ψһıƣ·ۼĵĴƣһеϺƵƬռ䡣
ĸּ࣬ӸնҶС͸ܵ˺ܶǿϢ
ӺͺħĴս󣬾üϢ̤ʥĸֶ˺ܶ࣬˳ʥֵڸͲܱȡ
ȫΪŨıԭ£Ҫǰȱα񾳶ͻƲˣ츳ٸߡ
ҶС罵˵ſڣ˵פȻߴΰ뵣̨ͤ¥ɾ
ҶСո߽ȥͲ˺ܶɨȻʧ
ҶС磬ǰ͵ո߽һ·̣һƴ뵵ȫɢ·ǸҶСָһ·
˳ɢĵ·ӵʱ䣬ҶС˾͵ſڣ͵Ϊߴ󣬲ǽڻľ϶µ·и޵ͼ
߽ȥֿޱȵľ͵ֻӮһˣϣһɾɢ·Χ衣
ȻûпͷƣǣӸλô޷ģ·Ƿڹͷһ㣬·ľ
ӮǻʼеĹһλ֮ӵ˹˸߹Ѫڼֹá
ϲΪҶС߽΢΢һЦ˵
ǺǣΪҲٲһ͸ң°ɣǶԼˣͲÿˡӮʮº͵˵
Ȼºͣ˭ҲС̺ǿľޱȡ
Ȼֻһ͸ĻһͻˡҶСûпֱʵʵ˵
ǺǡӮֻЦЦҲû˵ʲô·˼ţʲô顣
Ӯ˵ҶСҲװưͣùһˮһһˮͱҶСˣֻʣһˮˡ
СӣΪסѯҽĿģû뵽䲻󣬵ȴΪȣгϺҲࡣͻȻӮЦЦ˵
лл佱ǣһܶ࣬ҪúѧϰҶСٺһЦ˵漴һʣ֪ʲô飿
ΪʥѾûĶˣҾ㵱˵ĸӮҶСʵ
˵ĸûпЦɣҶСԾʵ
㿴ǿЦ𣿡Ӯ˵Ϊûʺϸλˡ
֪ܲԼҵ»Ὣ˸ο϶кܶ˲ҶСҡҡͷ˵
ЩйĦЩͲͬ⣬Щ˶ûеϸҪǸλãѹһͷЩ϶
ǻͬģһǿΪ硣ӮȻ˵ɢһͳµϡ


1767 ׷׷
ӮϱƣҶС˼֣һʵΪ磬Ҫʵ˭Ҳͬ⣬ͬ⣬ʹͬ⡣
Ӯܹ֮ڶʥظӱΪΪѾҪͻƵα񾳣ѹڶ֣û˸ҲӣǸеǿҲòӡ
ʵ˸Ҳһĺô˵ҪĳĵرȵѡȨУֱӸ㣬Ժ㳥ȼֵĶͿˣһܹ˵鱨ʵⲢӰ㣬㻹Լԭĵط˵˵һЩȨӮҶС˵
ôأҶСʵ֪ûвͶ飬õ˶٣Ӧĸ١
Ҳܼ򵥣ǺޱѵһĵĹڵƬ˸ͷžЩеĸҲ㼸ӡӮЦЦ˵
ðɣҶС룬˵ͷѵЩսŵĸ֣ӦģӮ֮һΪȷʵǸʵ飬Ϊ£
Ǻã֪ͨһǣǶһ£õʱӡӮЦЦҶСɻӣ˵һʱķչڲʵȨ˾޴ı仯Ҵ¿һδ͵Ļ飬Ȩ·䡣
ҲӦõģܹȨ˷һЩܵϡҶСͬеĵ˵ͷ
ˣʲôְλʣӮͻȻʵ
һϲ徲ˣʲôְλʣͲҪˣóֵʱֵġҶСҡҡͷ˵
ӲðɣǸһݱȽϺãҲ棬һػϵݣôӮʵ
ӮѾˣԼӦĻ̫ˣǣ˵ͷ
ʱҶСо˺öǿϢӿһ١
ҪˣҪ׼һӴӦѡӮЦЦ
ʱಡһ˾͵ڣӮһ󣬱ľϣǶԼͬĿҶСһۣ¶һ˿ɻ󣬻Ĺâ֪Щʲô
Щ˶ʥصĸ֣һ֪˶꣬Ǹʲô飬ҲϣͿе뷨
ϣ۹۱ǣǹģһĿӡ
ϺꡣǵӣҶС簵Ե
ҪһˣѾ̲סӮǣЩ˷·ﵱԼϢĵط
ӮϣĿɨһˣ˵øλǰ̣һ飬Ѿα񾳸ˣϲֺȨķҲǻĵĸ֣ҾӦøһݣʾǵ𾴣Ϊǻĵػϣλô
һƬžþãһΪʥ۷߲ſ˵Ϊǰһʱ˺ħα񾳸֣ͬ顣
Ҳͬ顣
ͬ⡣
飬Ȼͬ⣬ϾΪţ˭Ҳͬ⡣
Ȼôˣм£ҶСҶսԴӼ뵽УΪ˸˺ܶ࣬ΪĶûбԣΪ˵ĸλô
УҲͬ⡣ӮĻո£¼һ߱㿪ֱӷԣһӶ
¼߿һҶС磬˵ȻȷʵЩͣǣ붼ЩֵĹͣȻǻĵսսǻһҲӦģ˹ǿԸһЩһǲЩˡ
ҲҶС絣˸ΪףҪ֪ҪмߵΪҪй˵ĲܣҪԶͳľ飬С绹Щˣ²㣬ҾûҪһʱ䡣һɫ۵һʮֹӷϹˡ
ȷʵף̫ˣ˸ҪںεأܲЩǰĽһɣ˵żһʥصĸ֡
ǵĻҶСЦһ׼һʲôܵ˦ָڿҪøȨҪúõȥá
Щ˶ǺìܵԼҪ׷׶˳ԣһȻӣ˶ġ
һ£ǵ˼޷Ǿ˵̫ˣ˸λãЩǰ޹⣬һСëӹǺǣһ£ôᣬΪѾЩǧ꣬ǰ֪ûиоڷգҶС翴һЩˣ΢΢һЦʵ


1768 ͬ
ô꣬һ󱲣ҪǶȥײǽˣΪңҲûʲôˣЩˣͷô·Լһ㡣
ҶСĻʮھ͵ڣʱܶ˵ɫÿǸղųҶСǼˣɫѿޱȡ
⻰ʵ̫ˣǳǸϲŭɫҲܲҶСһ
С̫ûΪߣôһ£Ϊʲô硣¼һվĶҶС˵ɱ⡣
˵ţһɿµƱҶСѹȥһƳɽ·һռ䶼ܹѹ顣
ȻĿǰҶСΪΪҶСΪѾҶС粻һϢ⹦ѡ
˶ûг֣һϷӿһС
ҶСһϿµƱƻ̻̣˷׶˵Ƭռص
¼ɫͻȻһ䣬һһѪǾ
Ҳɫһ䣬ǴҶСѾжϳҶСΪѾʥ۷壬Ȼʥ۷ĴҲƾƾͽ¼ˣϾΪѾʥڣҶС϶ʹֶΣʲôֶξͲö֪ˡ
˭ΪߣҶС
㡭㾹Ȼң¼еɱⲻΣ䣬ΪˣڶǰȻһѪ˶ʵ̫ˡ
¼ϿµӿһâһҪֵӣҶС羲վ·Ͳһ㡣
ʱӮϵɫâɢһӽ˶֣صѹʱ併£ˣ̽һ¶ѣ˵ˣûбҪ˰ɣ
Ӯ֣ǳ¼뱨ҲòԹ£ϵƺ͹âһȻҶСҲһ
λڶҶСҶսΪ𣿡ӮĿһɨʵ
˶ĬҶСΪȷʵǵԤϣû뵽ҶСΪȻʥ۷壬ٶʵǺա
ãһʥڵĸֻ˵ΪǲûʲôҾЩ嶯λٶһʱ䣬㹻ľ飬Ҳ١
˴飬𱬣һǵ֪ǧܹǰ;ԶزۣôΪáżҵ߼˵
⻰ܶ˶һ䣬޳ܵûмô޳ܵģڿ˵ΪҶС磬ʵҪ赲ҶСΪҶСѹһͷ
˵ǰʱ䣬ΪҶСҶսȫϰָԸΪһǽΪ赲㴦ĲǺܺãίһʱ䣬ȵǸͲи߸߰װȥŷһ˵ϴһ˿ʹʣȻװģͬģ
ӵ޳ܣֱǺʱ˭֪֣ҶС統ʱĴʽѾõˣҶСһսŶᱻȫһ˲
ҶԸλӻǺ⣬ôǰķϣҾһҪϸȻĸЩȱ㡣ҶСĿһɨᶨ˵
ȿȣҵǾ鲻ҶСҶսȻᣬȴʦ緶ʱ򣬱ЩϼһҪʤһ˳嶯⻰٣һŻɵֱֱͲ࿼ǣһϣǾԲԿڸղŷϵ˵Ǽ£ΪѾĸˣα񾳸֣¶ҶһʥظֵĿ˵
֧Сɱƴܷӵθڣ˭ҪǷԾǸǶ¼ԡ¼һʥظֵĿ˵ϰ¶·ֻҪ˭ҷԣ͸Ҷһ㡣
Ҳ֧֣֡ҵĸ˵

֧֣˷ԣ濴𱬲ѣ۲ݣԵĶҶСìܵˣֵ֧ˣһЩӮӣϾģһЩǿЩˬɢޡ
˺þãӮɢ˶ֹͣ˱ۣ˵Ȼ۲£ǽ⽻˻ĵˣ۹ǹģţһһ
ã޳ɡ
Ҳ޳ɡ
֧ҶСЩ˷׷׶޳顣
ϣΣӮĿͶ˳¼ȿڵʵ
ˣҾûбҪѡˣȻҶΪҶСҶսʺϵôɣ
أӮĿͶԵˡ
Ƕ׷ױʾͬ⡣


1769 ȥϱ߹
Щϼһɲɵ֪ҶСڻĵźܸߣҲһϾҶСսţʤ̣ϾѵĻս˽Ĵ˳ȥ
ùѡĻʣԶ޳ҶСΪǸʱ޹⣬һ
ȻǶͬˣô¾ôˣһ£׼ٴٿһδ͵Ļ飬²Ȩλõ⣬Ⱦһ¡Ӯ˵
۵飬ҶСͣһ£޷ǾЩ׿׿ˣЩûвܣȴռéӲʺĸ轵ְû˶һΪˡ
£û˷ԣΪӮվڹģ¶мĺô
˰ʱ󣬱ɢȥˣӮҶСȴͻٻȥҶСͲҪֻܵ췵ء
ΪĵķΧ۵¶ò˶೤ʱ䡣
صһҶС罫Ǽ֪һݶѣûںعѾָʱУûʲôʵΪҪ
ʱУҶСһϵٴθһߣΪ󷨵ҲԽԽֲ󷨵©
˹һЩһЩְλĵоҶСΪһ£Ϊػһ¡
εĵܶûк̨˷׷ױȥеӰһ£ɢȴˡ
ΪЩ֪ûк̨ͻȥŬˣΪк̨ͲŬһЩְλǹͷȨȴȫ޳ˡ
ԴˣûʲôҪ־͹ǵĺ˲
£ڻǿҵĺ䶯˵˸Ƕ˵ƿģһľҲԶˣȻлصûһͳһȥ죬ǻᱻն
񹦵صأһ޴ĿҶСѾԼѧȫһ㣬ʵ˺ܶ࣬Ȼûпڰ˲Ĵţ·һ޴ĺ蹵һ㡣
Ĺ˽Ȼֽͬ̾鶼УΪÿͻʱľ鶼ǲͬġ
תۼ䣬ʱ䣬ҶСʵǴסˣڰ˲ûκεͷЩķ
ããգҶС羲վͷһϵһУѾһ첼󷨣ҲԼɸɣ·ֻһеġ
˳ȻͻƣԻĲȥĳ飬һܹɹ˵ڸʱǰܾöûн顣ͻȻҶСĶ
ҶС΢΢Ťͷֻһɫɴһ㳤ȹ񾲾վϵʸӳˣ·ʱҪ˷ȥ
ôˣ
ҿЩļҪȥϱǼһˣܻңԴѧԺеĸһ£ߵһЩŮӣĴսʱҲܹ⣬ô˻ᣬöһҲãǿвô˵ģʵЩ𡣡ҶС
ҶС˵Ҳá
ȥϱǼȣʮѧԺĸ֣УҶСصһڣʥسڵĸ֣ҶС׼Ǵںϻ󷨣ͬʱҲտһ£ѧԺˡ
ŮУͯӨʫ̡໹ϣľܿ㻹ȥҶСȰ˵ϾСͮͮҪտĸ׵ôܹ뿪
ҶС粢ûֱӴȥϱǼȣԼǰǼȣҶСûгǵĶУڰбǣǱϮɱ
ϱǼȺңľĸкаԵֱͽﵱԼҵĺ԰
˷ɳ˺ܶСһΪ˶Щ֣Ϊ˲ռ컪ϱߣҪϱ߱ռĻв˻ϲİȫ
ܳһʱɳСӺľɳСӶڼҵս
ȣһ˽ԽУľҲ١
Ϊľʵǿᣬ׵סȵˣЩľִҡڵĳԽĽֵϣһֺĿһеӡ
Խˣһľ£Ыһ׷˱ܣһĻҶСвЩ
ԽҲкܶĸ֣ûŽһŸǿɳ֮
ԽȣľּΪŽᣬֻҪһֱ۸ˣַ׷ǰԻݺݵĳͷЩˡ
̶ӵʱУԽͷʮ飬ôһԽ˻˭ҷ


1770 Э
ԽѾľˣ·Ѿ˷ֻ
һϣľ֣վһǰȥһаԵӣ֮Խ˷׷ܣ·ǿʲôΪµһ㡣
һĻľֹЦԴΪֲ֣ƣ
ҶСδЩѧԱֳ飬ȻǾִڣҶСǴ˾ŹһţЩѧԱ˵ĸ֣Ǿ˾ͻźϻ󷨡
Ůһ飬߲ûʲôػҶСȴڸ߿տһУһΣ˲䵽ܹȫԽֻҪΧڣ˲
Ůӳ˺ľڵֵϣûжú󣬱ˡ
Ůӣľ۾һ첽˹ȥ׼ѯһץΪ˽ū
ϧǸո߹ȥû˵⵽Ůķ񹥻еҶС綼Ŀɿڴ
ΪŮӻȥ˵䣬û뵽һľ־ͳ֡
һµĹľַӦһˣǶˣԽֻ۸࣬û۸ǣȴıˣǶûŪ⵽ô¡
ʥصľ֣Ůһӵʱնɱˣ̫ײˡ
û뵽ŮɱôݡҶС
Ϊ˶ڵǰһ£ÿսǰ˵һЩֱӶԷĻŮ˲ͬǻŲ˵ֱӹȥͶ֡
˭Ҷľ˶֣ͻȻ䣬һµض·𶯡
һɿµӿоԽ˸Ͻܣ·±ɱһ㡣
ҶСбų⣬â˿ռ䡣
һҽǿµҲ֮ʧֵʵѾʥ۷壬ŮͲǶ֣ҶСֻðг֡
ŮһնɱľֶԼһԽķ飬ҺΰΪԭΰǲĿ̶á
ҶСȥϲЩȵ죬ߵǿϢӾ֮Ͻ£ɨģҪĵ۵ס
ʲôˣһϵ쳹ķƬռ𵴣漴ϿգһɫӰ֣ɫζ·ǵɫһ㡣
ӰȻ˵Ӯ
Ӯ˫Ŀеɫâ·ܹǧռ䣬һ˺ա
ߵӰȻվÿĿռ䶼Ť·𲻴һ㡣
ߵӰӮĿһɫʮƽʵһʲô£
ȻûбֳʲôѾ䱸ȻѾɹͻƵα񾳣սߣˣҲ˵ԼܹͬʱԿα񾳸֡
α񾳸α񾳸֣Ӣһα񾳸֡
ҪᣬɲΪսҪսҲѡһ绪Ůӣʮº͵˵ŮӿֻжʮңһͷīɫҪλ׺һЩҶĲλȫ¶ڿУһ֪ľα񾳸֣ϵƿԿԷѾα񾳶ʱ
һǰΪˣӮɻ˵Ҳˣα񾳸֣ϺǺģʵϰ໥䱸ŶԷ
ҾǸ֮ӦôһЭ飬⹥ԷЭ飬ֻӣǲܹȶչľα񾳵Ů˵
ӮâףЩҲͬƽȵķչ˱ǰˣҪȻǾ
ʲôЭ飿Ӯװ˼˰ӣüʵ
ЭǸУα񾳸ֲ֣򽫻ܵα񾳸ֵ׷ɱȻ߻òͷˣǡľαŮ˵
ǲ֣˼˵еصǰ͵Щα񾳸ֲڣпҵ˶Ҫնɱʱܲ𣿡ӮĶŮ˵
Ҳҽ˵꣬ЭɺҪܹɳ鹥ȣֻܹСӵʽÿһСӲܹʮˣʲô˶ԹȥҶԷսֻҪ˫ͬ⣬ɽսľŮݸһЦ˵ǰһ֣һԼĹ򣬵ȻǶԷص㣬㡣
һ£˵һľ巶ΧǣӮ˼һʵ
һ֮ǰ߶һľŮ˵ǾЭ飬Կ
˵ţľŮӵݸӮһŰֽϵģɴ˿֪Է׼൱㡣


1771 ħһǰ
Ӯ˹ȥĿ΢΢һƳϵȫͱˣֽȼΪһѻҽ
ֽдݣǸղľαŮӶᵽݣΪһ¡
ڸ嶼Ѿα񾳸֣ˣҲǰģսϾα񾳸ֵĴڡ
α񾳼ĸһ嶼ѰҳûҪնɱα֮µĸֱ֣練ơ
ΪֳֵĴڣ໥ɵΪһĳɳڼ䣬ǲòͬһЭ顣
˵һһʼΪ˵õȴһ֪ˣΪ˲巢չԷпɳα񾳸Ϯɱ˭ܹ赲ס
ϸ˵Эÿ嶼Աģܹٵ򷱻
ЭѾˣЩ׵ĵط˼ǲǲĸһֵһս߶һֳ֣һԡӮѯʵ
˼˵飬ԼһһȻһնɱһ֣ⲢΥЭ顣ľαŮ˵
ãͬ⡣ӮֱӴӦ
ȻӦһЭγɣͲٵǸɳʮĸֽһˡ
һֱͿ࣬ʼǵ͵ȵ壬İ취ǾԲЭϾǸ岻ϣԼĽ
Ǻŭα񾳸֣ѡ
ҲһȻе£ܾһȺûȫˣ඼սЭ෽ͬҲ֮С
ǰһ£ЭеľݣΥЭһЩͷȵȡ
֮ͬʱʩչһֽǸ岻Э飬أɳӻα񾳸ϮɱˣôͻṴعǸα񾳸ֲֽĽѡ
Ȼ˵ǸЭ飬ʵЭΪҪǶԴģֺα񾳸ֵһԼ
ֻҪǵα񾳸֣Ƕˡ
ǷֿӮȥһƬ򣬽¸㷵ˡ
һСʱʱ䣬Ķ֪£ܶ඼Ļڲٵԣ뻪ľڴɱˡ
ˣɺŬΪ˵Ҫս
ʱԽҶС绹֪顣
ǻ֪£Ҳ֪飬кܶԾԾԣῴЩеһ
Эɵĵ죬ħиֽٻģһԹһĵ
Ӻħ½٣Ǿ̤أҶСĴǣʧܣڿ̤أϵĶˡ
뻪ĵʮħĸ֣Ǻħһĸ֣ΪҲʥأһħһֵΪѾﵽʥغڣһֶʥغڵΪ
ĻȷʵܷΪҲܸߣϧǵΪǲ̫Զˡոһ̤ȪУħһһ־Ʒͷ㡣
֮ԻȪн룬ΪȪƬ̫̫Եʡ
ȪеĽֵϣܶ˿ʮħַ׷¶޵ýϲŵЩʵսƬһֱһЩսڣҪȥһ
㿴Щ̫࣬СˣֽǺħ½һ뿪ԶһħһָΧֺ˵·ͲС
ħˣǻģǻĲӭ㡣ǰߵʱͻȻ䣬һ
ģĺħˡֵߵĺܶ˶һǺ죬Ƿŭ
ǾҪûǸ뿪ʵûеĻͲҪССħһΪʥڵ˵
һս˾͹ġʱһļΪᵵʮħǰ˵
ɣ֣һûŹѪħһУΪ꿴ߵ˵
ħ˶˵ͷ
ͬ⣬ǰһ˾뻪Ŀǰʮ׵ĵط
ɣҼʶʶһĸ֡ħſ˵һĿ궯ֵӡ


1772 𶯣ŭ
Щħ̫ˣһҪ
ǵƤס
Ƕι
ܶ಻ɲǱͣǶںħ˼ΪʹޣһЩԸսĸ֣Ѫȵĳ棬һӶˡ
ЩݵʮħֶУǵɫ΢΢һ䣬ź⣬пǲɱ䣬ΪЭԭǲҡ
һôˣͻиֳ֣Ĩɱǲһ
֡ħһһ˵
ǡսĺħӦһ䡣
çţȭĿһǰ첽ܶ˻ΪһӰħʮ׵ʱһȭ
Ĳһ˷·Ϊһͷçţǿޱȵĳײ֮ȭͷçţӲǣ䲻
Ƭռ䶼Χܶ˶ȲʣΪĿһȡʤǣΪ΢΢һ̾һʼǾѾ֪ˡ
ħ֣ǰ̤һֵ·ζһ£Ҳһȭµľÿռ䷢˵ĺ
ءĿȭȭֱӱ䱬ˣһһ飬ѪҺɽ
ħʥȭͷմѪͷһ£һζӣϹаЦݣѪҺζ𣿹ȻǼƷҶҪζ
һĻһˡ
ôܣ
ôܣ
ܶ¶˲֮ɫǸղΪһὫħֺϡãû뵽Ȼ෴ĵȴֺˡ
ûʲôܵģս֮ǰһҪ֪֪ˣԷΪѾʥڣǸСΪʥ۷壬ĲԩȺһֽ͵
ΪҲʮǿҪȥħǸֺ飬һ˵
ңǺǣѾһˣҳֵĻǸУΪǿҲ֣¶Էһ񶼻ֱֺǺһЦ˵
ѵҪǾôȥһһŭ˵
ģ϶иֳֵġЦЦ˵
ʱħĿһɨȺ˵˭һս
Ŀɭɭ⣬һסˡ
Ȼ۷׷ףȴû˸ϣղźħֵľѾסˣûӦʵǶȥ
һȺСħ곰Ŀһۡ
Ⱥħ˻ɶ񣬱Щ˶ɶɱ
һϣҾͲնɱ
ܶ˷׷׺Ħȭ׼ȺŹ
ͻȻ䣬һɿµƱһħϱƬռ䶼·ˣ޴ѹѹ˵ͷ
˶оѣǱһɽһ㡣
Ǻħй涨û˺飬ǲܶһ֣սֻһһҪȻͱҶˡħɨһˣ˵
񣬺ܶ˶һҲûͷˡ
Ϊûսˣʮħּǰߣ·ҪĹһ顣
Ȼ˺ܶ࣬Щ˾֪ԼǶԷ˼ҵĶ֣Ȼ˼սջǲ
̶ʱ䣬ںħ⼸һֵ˾Ͳʮˡ
һģһĸֶһŭ֮ɫ
ǺħŻǻų
һĸֶȥ
ѵǻһû𣿡
ѵҪĿźħһ˲ȥ
ǲܹ鷢һҪ𷴿
ýϣһ۷ܶʵĸַ׷ǰȪУ׼նɱħһ֣ǵʬչʾħһֵ档
ʱһЩ뵽ҶС磬˵䲢֣ЩħˣҶСȴһֱûг֣һЩ˲ҶС粻϶˿ʼáҶС硣
ҶС类˷˼ʱһϢϴ˳ҶС񲢲ڻģȥȣնɱ壬һնɱЩŵĺħһ֡
ʷϢĿ϶һϺҶСϵܵļŮ
Ϣһ˲֪ҶС类ˣԭ˼Ҳ֣˼Ҳˣȥնɱ塣
ʱ䣬ĺܶһַ׷׳ȪУǶ׼սħЩһĸ֡
Ϊûһ̫ˣħһÿսޣÿˡ
ʵҲ⣬»һսҪĻ۶Ὣ


1773 ꣬ƽ
գùâأ·˴սʱֲҵ
ȪУһ·ϣһ꣬ѩ˳Ⱦֳһǰȥһ䣬Ӱ¶·Ǿ֮ϰӥǹ¶Ĵڡ
ĿǰߵһĮģֻеĿꡣ
·γһصķ羰ߣû˻һĻ
һСﴩжٶȼ죬䣬һ㳡ϡ
㳡ΧȺڿһֺһħս
ս쳣ңҺ㳡Ѿó󷨣ҪȻƾǵƻȪжᱻǻ
ͺħһսһɫ۵ӣӵѾǾʮˣ֮ҲԶˣɢŵɫĹâһ硣
촵㣬ᣬȴ̲žɱ
ħΪѾʥ۷壬ӵΪҲһ˿ս൱˭Ҳκβ˭
ʵȷʵǿҪһҪһʱ䡣ħ꣬ź˵
ֵµĹȴǲͣһɭɭбųûΪ͵Ĺ
·𻯳ؼһ磬ںħܼжܣͬʱҲԼĹһƬƬڷ裬ޱȵĹ켣
ߣҪ˵̫ˣҪȻһ޷ճ˵
㳢һħնħһкӿɲǼ䣬۳һѺɫĴ󵶣Ѵ󵶰죬һħԣ·ֱܹն˵ꡣ
ɫ΢΢𵴵Ŀռڻζֱն£Ƭռ䶼·𱻷ֳ롣
绯ꡣɫ۵һ䣬ᣬ·Ҫڻˡ
£һ紵˶У绯꣬һεεε£һ
ħеĺɫϣɢתۼ䣬̺Ͳĳɡ
绯Ϊ꣬β£ɫתڻʧ
޿ײħϣη·ǧһ㣬ǡħѣѷ죬Ǵһ顣
ںɫѪҺ
ʤˡʤˡ
ʤˡ
˶ħѾ⵽شʧȥսܶ϶¶˷֮ɫ⼸ħһѹ˺ܾãڰһ֣ôܲˡ
ߣҪ˵̫ˡħΪʥصһ˵
Ļո£ͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ӿ˳죬һһѪɫ԰ޱȣȣڵϡ
ô£
ǻĵĸôͻȻ³Ѫ
һǺħ˰Գˣ̫Ҫˣ޳ܣ򲻹ǣͰº֣ɶ񡣡
Χܶ˶һħ˵ĿǷŭ֮ɫ
һ֣ƽ֣Ҵˡɫ۵궢Ÿղźսħ˵һ䣬뿪
ƽ֣Ӯˣħ޳ܡһŭĺ
ƽ֣ȻղŵĹ˶ԷĺɫһƵȴûӿڣûвôĻһǾӮˡȺУһֽ͵
𣿡

ܶ˶ŰŰɵ̬ȣͶֵĿдɻ󣬷·ڻǲͽħ߹
໪һֵʵ̫ʧˣ֪ս˶ٳһƽ֣໹ʧܡħһĿһɨ˵ϻһ˿ʧͳ
Щħ̫ˣֱ޷졣
ǻĵһҲ˸ߵΪҲ޷졣
һǺħʵͻȻ䣬һƬؼ
Ȼһ󣬵˶ѵˣѰȥֻһѩȺкȺûбΪ۵Ĵڡ
ƬеԶóһ·߽㳡ͺħһս
ֵܣһҪݺȺյġ
ǵͷȻչ
ܶ˿ѩ˵
Ҳǣֻɱǡ국˵ı䣬һ㣬ȫ£һ顣
ôĿǻһսôೡֻиղһƽֱ֣̫ˣ仰ǵʤ˵ɣħһЦһ˵·Ͳʲô
ںͻһսе㵣ģϾ赲ǶεϮû뵽ս˺ܶೡЩ˸ǲһ
ΪܶεսǱüΪţ·еһŧʹ򲻹ǡ


1774 һ˵ʱ
żˣһսЩڴˡȺһ𣬷·뿴һսĽ
꣬ѩվڹ㳡ϣһԲȴźħһԶһս
ģһǵһγ֣ϣ㲻ҪʧħһʥسȥĸֶŰ˵Ȼ󻺻˹Ͱңңԡ
䣡
ħϺӿµƱƵƬأȪ˶оֲϢ
ħĸߵȣɵ͵ö࣬һ˿ƶûз˼ΪںħУ·һҶۣһŸƼ
ħֿбųһ֣˲䣬һֻ޴ޱȵĺɫƳգݺ¡
һֻ޴ĺɫƻûн£һɿµѹͽ䣬ͬɽһصϢ˶˼ǺȻ
һħֱȽħֵʵǿĶ࣬ܶ˶Ϊ굣
ۿԷĹѾˣȻվ·һһ㣬һС
ô֣
òɵ˰ɣ
ǻҪһˣˣ治֪ǻһǿ
ֻ޴ƶѾҪˣǰȻûжܶ˶̾һߡ
ǡھ޴ѹ֮£µĵϳһѷ죬һƬ涼ȥ
뻪Χ˲ͬħΪʥصĸ֣üͷ׷Ȼǰ϶ֶΡ
ߣҵĶ֣αװǻƣۡûжħһ
ʱ˫Ŀ΢΢һҰУͺħ֮ľ
Ȼ䣬һ۵İ׹һȻָƽ껹ԭǸƣнµֻ޴ɢ·ʧȥ˿Ƶ
һĻܶסˣͲ֪ʲô飬һ׹⵽ʲôʲôط
ôɵ˲ˣһСɻ˵
㳡ϣûб䣬ħҲûб䣬·ǵܡ
ΧȺУܶ˶һɻ֮ɫȻһЩϹҳЦݣѾղŷʲô飬ħֵɫ̫ÿҲ˸ղŷʲô顣
ۡһɺںɫѪҺӺħ겱ϵϢʧ
һĻһΧĺܶˡ
ղŷʲô飿Сʵ
ղγ˳˿µĹȻ󽫳Уٶ̫ˣ˸ͿżˣȻ¡иֽ͵
һ˲䣬γ˺ħĲӣµĽֱӴݻͥնꡣ
ءħֵ˵ϣղŻһָ㽭ɽŵĲ˵ӣھͳһʬ
ʤ𣿡
ʤˡ
ʤˣ̫ˣˬЩħԺ󻹸š
ֶܶݺݵĳһֱѹֵһɨա
ܺãܺãʵȻǿһսɣĽʱ˵ĻУһΪʥسڵĸǰһ˵ɱ⡣
㣿һ̧ۣѵóһ˿飬ҵΪͻƵʥأǰһս
국˵һ䣬ȻתߣȻǷڽϣʱʲôӣߵʱҲʲôӡ
ĻħɫܲÿǿΪѹƶԷû뵽ԷͲսһȭˣܲζ
ʲô֣ҵΪͻơħΪʥصĸֶŰıӰʵ
ѩʧһ̣һƬ㳡ϡ
ѩҼˡħΪʥسڵĸִ˵᳤ա
ԭżһΪŵֲʵôǿ󡣡Ⱥ˵
ܰɣôû˵
һУиʵ
û˵
Ǻǣû˵ûУѵΪǻĸΪһĸֶӹţûһų֣
Ȼᣬôûˡ
˵ʵɣһһеＫ࣬ǧǰǰŶ࣬ǰһ統գƺƺƣ硣ǰЩǣΪǿ֮Ե͵˺ܶ࣬ȫΪһ˵ĳ֡
Ŷ˭Ȼܹøﶼ͵ʵ
ǿӲޱȵĺ̨һĸ֮ˣǣȻԸ͵Уܶ˶û˵ǵ֡
Ҳʶǻ˵ĸҶС磬˵ʮ궼
ȻֲˣҶСҶʵȷʵǿ󣬼ζʤ࣬ĽħĴں⡣¶һ˿ĿȺ𾴡
˵ֻһֵˣΪĪ⣬һЩϹŶѹƵûƢĹâ̫ҫˣڸеϵĹâޱȡ
Ҫܹжð¶һ˿֮ɫ
ͬһʱЩһı磬Ҳǵı磬ʱһ˵ʱ롣


1775 ҶСɻ
ҶСͬնһ𣬹âãڵסںܶ˵ĹâżѩżԶ䵱ĵȵȡ
һǵ콾׿׿ٶ𾪣ǣȴһ˵ĹâȻʧɫǱǸһһҲĬĬţڻǵ
׼ͷԼĹâʱҶСն룬ǲòͷޣĹ⻪
ħһģĴƣޱȣһЩֲŷ׷׳ݺݽѵħһ
ѩĳֲһʼˣһ˵᲻ڶʮʮ֮䣬һˣǵʮһ֮䣬ЩҲԳΪһ
ϾߵãһЩϹŶвǸͷ
عı䣬Ҫʥءأٵǧꡣ
ѩһնɱһͬȾĺħһ֣úħһ޹⣬˵У뿪صסľƵꡣ
һ³˻ĵ棬ѩĴҲʼ֪
Ϊ£һЩֽ֮ѩͬһȫھ˳
Ϣʱǲ֪ľȻô
󣬻綨ȻʢԤԵ
ԽϱߣҶСգںľǿսͻȻ䣬ĿһϱߣокüֲϢӿЩϢʥصĸ־ˡ
ɢֻǶʮľ֣Ϊ׵˶ʥظ֣ĶʮˣΪʥءءءزȡ
Щ֣ҶС΢΢һ㶣û뵽ľ徹Ȼôһ֧Ķ顣
ǴȥлǸȣСΪܹ赲ħ룬ʤ࣬ʵ϶ǿ󡣡һʥصǿ߶Щ˵
ǻСĵġһʥڵĸֹ˵ȻǴлǿһ˿ĲΪȻ
Уʼնߣܻı˺ħνȻ
ϣǱߴϢħһѾ˻ģնɱ໪кܶһĸ֣ûһһǵĶ֡ľһ˵
ȻϢ˵ģǻǲܹ⣬˵Щĸֶûг֣һҪСģܹ⡣ľʥسڵĸ˵
ǣϡʮľͬʱ˵
ףǰںľս໪Ǹеһ֣ǹȥͻȻһʥصĸ˵
Ůľսĵطնȥ
׷ʲô飬ħôȥģľôҲ׼ȥģѵķʲô£ҶС⣬һһӳŮڵƬطĸ߿ա
ŮľսľֶѾˣʣµľֻڿ֧ţòһӵʱ䣬ͻᱻŮնɱ
ʲôˣȻնɱľˣͻȻ䣬һǿƽ£Ƭռ䶼·Ҫ̮һ㡣
ɲǼ䣬ʮĵӰͳգǷ·ǲľ飬վգĿɨӣһӸµӡ
Ůľֶֹͣս
һʥڵľĵɫâų˵ľڡ
ɲǼ䣬ϱɫâƣƽһӾͻָ߰˳ɡ
лľľʥصĹ˵
໪ǸȵˣʥصľֿŮʵ
ɫ䣬Ŀľ˵ŮҲһӣܹӶԷϸеΣյϢ
ȻǸеˣǵΪʥصľֵ˵
ڰҶСЩȵĿһĻǰϰߣһնɱеĸ֣˵ֱӶ֣ǽȴл⡣
ҶСЩ˻϶˳ĸʥصĸ⣬˵䶼Сһ꣬ҶСЩɻ
ϣǼȻĹȣСӵʽ֣նɱľ֣ڿԹȥֱӽնɱһΪ۷ĸݺ˵
ǿԣѵ㲻˻˽һ໪Ǹһиֵʵ𣿡ʥصĸʵ
Ϊʥ۷ĸ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫҲΪߵʥڣغһսɣȥĻеԸΪѹƵɡ
ãȥһսɣʥصĸ˵ĿͶϣǰľһһսʤˣҿԷһ·ˣڴ˰ɣ
ʥظֵĻΪ䣬ɱȻ


1776 ϵʵ
ʥصľ֣Ůڲ¶ԷͻȻ֣Ȼ뿪һʱҶС˵ڰбǣʱҶС绹ûг֣ɲǲġ
ľصʥظִĶϣսȻϣӿ
ǰ߳һһӺᵵŮǰԷƶ赲סˡ
Դ컯ͱΪһǧʱھȻѾʥ۷壬⻹ŬѹƵĽҪȻ¶ѾͻƵʥ۷ء
ĽѩҲһΪĺܿ죬ȻѾʥ۷壬ʥؽֻһ˿˿Ѿ˺ܶһе
ǻһֺͺħһֱԣ֪նɱ˶ˣû뵽Ȼһʵĸ֣һΪΡض˵ϵƸǲϵ
ľ١
˫ּ仮һɫĹ켣ʱ䣬Ϊʮ׵ķΧڳһƬɫɭֵӰ
Ƭɫɭһ֣ɫȻһ䣬оڵȻڲ֪ţ·ǱƬɫɭֵӰһ㡣
ɫâӿһ룬ֹʧ
չ٣Ҳû˵ʲôֱӾͶֻ֣Ӷ·ܹļ֮һӿȥ
ǡϵܹ֮Ƭռ䶳סرƬɫɭֵӰͳ˱
϶һ㺮˪Ͻ˳ʮɵľ룬ɫâתϵĺ˪
ҵС㣬û뵽ڵôر𣬿ڻһжĴڡ¶һ˿˵
ϸͲϻŲƶޱȣ˫ֲƬռлӶһ
Ϊ·ӰƬգʱ䣬Ƭռе¶ȼ½ת۾Ƿѩ죬ƬƬӨѩƮɶ䣬ÿһƬѩ˼ΪϢ
Ŀһ˫ģЩƬƬӨѩ·ΪϬİһ㣬ಣƿնȥ
زûлţ˫ſһɹɱɫŷЩɫΪһԶԶȥ·Ĵ֡
ΪģƬռп裬ֱƬյÿһռ䶼ˡ
ѩʱ䣬ѩɢȫסˣӡ
һĻһӾסˣû뵽ϵ˵İԵ䣬ȻܹûĶᣬ̫ˡ
ءЩɫȫ𿪣΢΢һɫһף˾ղվλöʮ֮ĵط
ǣЩıɫ飬ΪȻʧ
һĻһû뵽ϵʵѾֵزŽֲƬ̣ˣսȥΪľһĸ֣ôͷ
ϵʵѾܹʥ۷ĴڶԿˡҶС
ҪˣӦ֪Ǹһǿ˰ɣУľʥصĸ˵
ϣˣһԴÿһλ֡Ϊʥڵľһ˵
ʥصĸĵ˵ͷ·˵ӿɽ̡
ʱغϵս˰Ȼ׶Σȫ·磬϶¶һ˿Ľ
չ֣ڵļѾ֪뵽ķθоԼҪˡ
ҾͲʵôǿ뷢ɲǼ䣬һɫâڳΪһ֧֧ɢıɫâ
Щ˭»ߺܶʥ֮µĸ֣²ĸطУ˲˥ȥ߱Ϊһ߸ʬ
Ʒ
бųɫâµĲޱȣ廯ΪһӰΧأͬʱĳƣһ˼
һɹǿĺӿͻȻýӲޱȣת۾Ѿһˡ
ᣬҲģǸ߹ľ˲ͼ࣬˻ҧһԼ⣬ת
һǡסıϲһѺۡ
ءըѣɫ԰ޱȣ΢΢һһڴһ˿ɫѪϢ٣Ȼѳ˺ıȴ˺صˡ
սɣ˵˿˼ʥصĸִڣֻӶһֻɼ۳ɵľ־ĳ
һȥֱӻ
໪ߣ˴ˡʱľʥصĸ˵ͬʱһƱɫĹâ۳ֻ֣Ҫ߽ϵĹ


1777 ɱ
ݡľʥصĸֶʱһƷâͻأ֣һƵ˶ԷŷһƱɫâ
˭ľʥصĸɫһ䣬Ŀ˵·Ҫ鿴ֵǸ˭ܹ׾ٵƳĹܲǷ֣ô˵Ϊһܸߡ
ҡһ쳹Ƭأһ̣һӰƬաʣһӰҶС磬ǵսǾͲҪˣ
ءʱϵĹѵľʥڵĸһӱĳ
ҶС磿ľʥصĸ˫Ŀһдһ˿ɻ˵¶һ˿ļɵһ˿ķŭ
Ǹո׼ȥ̻һʵû뵽ǻûн뻪ľͱһһնɱһˣܹŭ
ҡҶС罵£վŮǰ˵
ҶС֣Ůһо·˼ᶨغܡ
ҶС磬ѵľԲɣľʥظֽĶҶС˵
ҶСĴ磬໹˲֪˲ԭҶСһ־Ȼ赲ס˺ħһα񾳸ֵĽһԸΪ赲ˣǿµģΪȻҲޱȡ
ľԣǺǣǺָΣ౾ͺгޡҶС絭һЦͻȻ䣬бų⣬ڽȫնɱľܹΣ
˵ţҶСͻȻ䶯֣һƬռ䶼ˣݺݵĲһǿޱȵ·Ҫǳ׵ѹ⽴
ľЩ֣ɫΪ֮һ䣬ϵıɫâ׷ӿ׼赲סǿµΰ
ǡǵڲɫǺ죬һֵסӡ
ۡľǶʮһĸȾ֧ŲסˣȺһѪյ¡
䣡
һ˵УγһεĴӡ
ͣҶС磬ѵΥЭ鲻ɣͻȻ䣬ľһʥصĸֺ
ŶЭ飿ʲôЭ飿ҶСɻʵֵµĶûͣӴһ
ǡ顭ҶСľ޴ѹ£ľʥȫӸֵ£˫ȶ˵Уɫ԰ףһˡ
ʱҶСֹͣ˹ջ֡
ҶСûٳ֣ľ˶һһµӣӴУǾѾ֪ҶСʵǿˣû뵽Ȼǿô׵ĵزֻּѹǡ
˵˵ʲôЭ飿ҶСƽĿ˵漴ٲһ䣬ҪǸ˵ѵĻҾԶ档
ѵ治֪Э飿ľһʥصĸֲĶҶСʵ
ϻ˵֪Ļѯ㣿ҶСЩͷ˵
ҶСɫʥظָϽ˵Ϊ˷ֹαǿ֣αǿ߶һЭ飬αǿ߲֣һǿ߲Ե޹ʶһ֡
ҶСնɱǣ˸ϽЭϵȫ˵ҶС硣
ԭҲһĸ֣ȫնɱĻҲΥЭ顣ҶС¶˰˿Ž׵ݣ׼Цݡ
㡭ľһ˵˻ֻҶСΪ䣬ôһĸִڣǸܹѹס
ģһмڶǳ֣˻ĺ÷ʵһ㣬ҪȻҲ⽫ȫնɱҶСһɨ˵
漴һӣֱӴŮ뿪
ۡҶС뿪ľЩһĸٴ³һѪ
̫ˣһ𣿡ľһµ˵ղҶС籬̫ˣǺѴ
ǣǻСһĻ˶ǡһʥصĸһɬ˵
⻰ľеһ
ô죿սҪնɱһľһĸֵĵ˵ЩղҶСƣоһ˿ľ¡
ǻҪϾΪ߳Ǻܶ࣬ǺսҲûʲôɾ͸УڿʼˣʵѾԶԶһ֣³α񾳸֣ʥûܹѹƵסЩһս˾̫ˡľһʥصĸ̾˵
ѵЭûԼľһһЩʵʵ
ͲܣѲҪרĳһˣʥصĸ˵ģղȻûնɱǣ˵ֵĲ£ֻҪǲˡ
Ȼ˵ģҲЩġ
ϣڻȥ𣿡
ȥѾˣܲȥȥһҪ͵һ㣬ħǰţȥ󣬺ħһ޴档ľʥصĸŹâ˵ƺЩֻζ


1778 
ľǿ߿еĵ֪ЭݺҶСطġ
³׵Ĵļƻ׼ŮЩѧԱϼ£û뵽ĳ¡
ħѾڻľĴսŵĲһи廢ģҶС粻òء
׼ֶԸЩħһĸ𣿡ͻȻʵ
ңˣһֲĥĥҲãҵΪѾﵽʥ۷壬ٶǳֵĻԵеСˡҶСЦЦ˵
ȷʵûдԺħһ֣ҪȻղֱնɱľĸ֡
ǷЭ飬ҲΪͬһͿһЩģսһҲܹõõҲӵĲʢ
ҪȻǸţЩα񾳸ֳֻɱôȥһ˥ȥ
㣿࿴ҶСʵҶС˽⣬ҶСȥһᰲֵַģ϶֡
Ȼһ֣ЩϼһҲԶڻġҶС۱ŷµĹâ˵
ûж೤ʱҶСͻص˻ģǾ˵˴СǱϻ֮ŮЩѧԱһ
Ҫ˵ҶСոսһ
Ůһ£ҶСͳһգʱվգɢɵϢƮƮ·Ҫ˷ȥ
ҶС̤ߵߣǲ׼˵Э飿
֪ˣĿͶҶС硣
ţԽľһˣ׼ģҴǿе֪ġҶСЦЦ˵
㽫ȫնɱˣʵ
ûУҷŹǣĥĥǻĵĸҲáҶСЦЦ˵ʱ۹⿴ɵʵôʲô⣿
û⣬ֻǾûнնɱе⡣񵭵˵
ѵоһɱˣҶСޱƵ˵
ûлشҶС⣬ǳĬþòſʵô
һʱ䣬ҶͻƣȥתתǸǻ̫ˣҲսһ֣˵ҲһȥǵĴ½ֽֽ̡ҶСкӿ
˵ͷȥ½Ļһˡ
ţá
ҶСո˵꣬Ӱʧ
ǸֵŮˡҶС漴˲һǶľ¥С
ʱŷǧľ¥һľУŵԣȻһСдд֪ڷʲô
æʲôҶСŷǧ˻С
ˡŷǧ¶һ˿Ҹ漴ǻ۵ĹâڴϵϢпܹܲƶϳһֵ
ˣҶСм˵֪ŷǧһжΪһ͸˳ͻʱ֪֪ˣõġ
࣬Ӧģȥһʱ䷢˺ܶ飬ħһһֱȪУĴսǻĵĸ֣ܶһĸֶնɱˣҺøһĸַ׷׳֣˺ħ棬ҪȻ֪ôŷǧ˵
ŶһĸֶˣҲӦó֣緱ʢʱ̣ٲ֣¾Ҫ˳ûˣعı䣬ѾȱˡҶСĿԶ˵
ħһ˼ˣ
ˣһѩնɱģһԶնɱģһϹһնɱġŷǧΪҶСش
Ƕ׷׳ˣźãŻ֣ˣ˺ħ⣬ʲô˻ģҶСʵ
ЭѾⶨ¸嶼ʰĴѲΣչ¶ǵֿǵĿֲܹĴţǾˡ
ʥһ˻ģа̰֣ӢǱʮˣ壬ûУ嵹ǳĹȣơ
ǺǣŸãû˵ƣеĸֶȥ½ӸڽҲܹԼҶСЦЦ˵
㻹һ仰û˵ҲӵĲпᣬĴɳܹĻ£ȵˣضɾͷǷŷǧҶСһۡ
ʵ磬ǰԵĹȫԲΪÿһڣȻдڵĵûбҪĨɱòʮ꣬뷱ʢĳڽ׶ΡҶСŹâ˵


1779 
ЭĴɣȷʵһõĿʼҲһ׷׳ͷĻᡣŷǧ˵ſһҶС磬Ц⡣
кܶһֶЩȲˡҶСЦЦҲ֪Լķͷ̫ʢˣڵ˺ܶϵĹâҪ˵Щ˶ûԹǼٵġ
ȥսĻЩһĸֶὫŷǧЦ˵
ҾͲǸˣȽѵħǼһ󣬱͵һʱ䣬һҵ־ͺ¡ҶСϹһ˿ЦݣдһĨ⡣
㣬ֻҪ㰲ȫȫģҾͷˡŷǧ˵
ǺƽʱʢܶŮӵҪļ򵥣ֻҪԼϲ˰ȫȫһҸ
һСĵģĺˡҶСͷ˵ͷȪǱкø׼սħĸ֣ȥȥ
ҶС˵һ䣬Ȼŷǧһڣ˲ʧ
ϷˣǺǰһŷǧϷɳһĨΡ
Ȫһֵϣħһ˸ոմϢľƵ߳û߼㱻һסˡ
Ҳһĸ֣֪ǸˣΪѾʥغڣǰרսħǿߡ
˽ƫƧĵطսΪ˷ֹٻеĽ֮ģӰ쵽
ǰսдƻһΣһֶȼʧ޴Ϊ˲Щڳսʥ۷ĸֳ棬ȥڳڽдģս
ȪһƫƧɽƽʱûʲôȻȴ쳣ķֶܶۼڴˣǰۿһͺħһĴս
ħȺնȥ֣ʧ͵˺ܶ࣬˷׷˷ޱȣܹúħֳԴڼ
ΪնɱħֵԵʣսһ̫ſˣֱƶԷʥ۷ĸ֡
ħһ֧вûʥغڵĸֻ֣һ۷ڵĸ֡
ڿʼħ˾;Ų֪˭ȥսɳʥڵĸ֣붼䣬Ѿնɱ֣ҪһˣǸ޴棬¾ҪĻȥˣɳʥ۷ĴڣʤˣҲûʲô壬ᱻ˵ģ˵ԾԵΪѹƲӮˡ
ΪѵʱʥغڵĻĸ֣ȴҪս۷ĴڣħֵÿһĻ
ڰеҶСȥһ٣ҲҪ㹻ʱʵԲԷϵԶԶûжԷ񣬷ȥսǸͲǹƽսȥ
ȻҶСԤϣһγ֣־ͳһǱԷѹƵĴ
ءħһĸֹһϹȻһȭ˻ϡ
ѵ漴һѪֵݺݵ׷˳ȥ
һȭûˣһӮѾˡ
ֺħһ׼ǧٲһȭʱһٵʱ𣬡䡭䡭
⻰ħһбų⣬ȭͷַɣǷŭնɱһ֣û뵽ԷȻ䡣
ɵûҩΣҶСȻһʼֺܺͿ˼֣䲢ûʲô飬ԼԶԶǼֵǮöࡣ
涪Ȼ䡣
ǰ̫ˡ
ΧһЩ˷׷ۣһɫǺޱȣϽ
Ҫ˵ˣϾ˼һǸбȥսһԣ˵
⻰һҲû˸˵ղ뿪ˡ
ҪסԲܹ棬ҪǸղĻԲšħһʥصĸֶŸոսħ˵
ǣϡħһܽ˵ӣղĹȷʵͣ٣һӾͻὫһնɱǼֶ޷˵
١Ȼҵǵ˵ĻС߻ħ
ߣǻһĸѾˣǶᱻնɱ
ħ˵ĶԻһŭĿӣһŭӡ
ѵлȵĸֻռıˣĻǺħһսħʥصĸĿһɨ˵
ΧȻ۷׷ףȴûһ˸ǰսǵʵ̫ˣȥ
ѵǻľû𣿡ħħʥصĸֳĿΧ˵
ѾΧ˵ʵ˲Ÿ˵Ļ
仰Χɫ׷һ䣬ѿȻжܷŭȴҲĻ
˭˵ǻˣʱһƬռ


1780 Ǻ
һħʥظɫһ䣬ܹǸ֪ˣΪȻжһֲõԤС
ʱͻأ䣬һӰա
ӰħʥظֵɫøΪѿ
ҶС磿ħһʥصĸɫصʵ·еɻ󣬲ȷʵǲҶС硣
ңղ˵ǻˣȻҳһ˺һսɣǻ˻ǺħˡҶСվգϵƵɢΪƽǶУȴǼһ㾪ס
ҶС磿ǵĸ
ڵϿԶˣӺˣЩħôӦԡ
ԣҲҲһ֣֣ܹħһĸȫնɱ
ҶС磬ΧϷ׷¶Цݣһַǳӡ
Ҷ˵ЦˣôĶأ䡣ħʥصĸָϽ˵ҶСĳ֣⼸һĸȫնɱ
ǺǣǻûзֻҪңҲԴСģǻͬһȼǰսǡҶС˵
ҶСĻħһĸɫÿȻҶСǶһĸ֣˼ҸûǣΪȻҲ֪ҶС˵˵
˿ҶСɢĵƶļ²ѣһƻὫ˶
ҶС˵ֶԸħһĸ֣ʥصĸֶɵһҶСһ仰ȴɫһ䡣
ǵΪʵ̫ˣǲһսǵΪҲ࣬սӦòְɣ
ղźҶС˵ʥظϼһ˿Цݣǲ֣ǳϲĶ֣ûбԵıҪ˰ɣ
ħʥظӲͷƤ˵һ仰ģﵽ־ǲģҶСΪ̫ǿˣò
ǶҶСΪ֮ԼɵҶСȫΪǰĵħα񾳸ִĻ
˵ҶСʵѾﵽʥ۷壬ܹԿֻα񾳸֣ʥпûҶСĶ֡
α񾳸ֵĻǻǱȽģȻα񾳸˵Ļ
䣿ɣǸոջ˵ǻûˣǻսһɣҪȻﲻ˵ʤĻһҲ˵ҶСװһԾ˵ϵƵȫ֡
ҶСĻʥصĸɫϱãһҧ˵ðɣҸԣֻΪߣˣǿ϶Ķ֣Ͳñˡ
ܹоҶСɢɱ⣬ӦҶСὫȫĨɱ˵һ仰Ϊ˸ȡĻᡣ
Ǳ˵ҶСɫ˴ƻ̫ɶˡ
áħʥصĸһ֮ɫϣֱⷽռ·ڲһһ£ɽ嶼ᱻΪƽء
˵ҶСݺᣬʵǿޱȣʵħ˵Ϻɫһ·֣ɫоһ˺ܶࡣ
úܶ˶е
˺󣬿ˣּսɢһܹնɱֲܵƣ˵ͬʱˣҲ׷׺ˣ˵Զ
ħȭħִһɫϵļȫһħӰϣƬռŤͷ·һᣲһҪ˺
һͬɽһʵȭͷҶС·һȭҪҶС顣
ơҶС粢ûж֣һ֣ʱ򣬶
ۡͻȻ䣬ħĺħͻȻһѪȭͷ۳ǿɢ
ҶС磬û뵽ʵȻﵽ񾳽磬ɱΣ£㻹Ҫħ¶һ˿ķ֮ɫ˫лһħ塣
ͻȻ䣬ҪĹڣʱߴޱȣ۾Ҫ͹˳ӼΪֲ
׼ɱҵ汳Ǻοأұû׼ҪɱģǸˣɱ޹ġҶС΢΢һ̾ҡҡͷ˵һ˵ӡ
㡭ۡħڴһѪΪҶС׼նɱԾʵҶС磬˲Żóħ壬׼ҶС磬û뵽飬ҶСȴ˵ôһ仰
㲻նɱң˵Թ
ȻѾˡ


1781 1
ħʥظӿһɹɺðһЩڻδҲð
뿪ҪԱˡһִһ
ܡ
˷׷ȥΨֺħʥظԱĿֲǲħҲϽ㿪
ִˣΪƾԱ˵ңʱҶСͻȻ̾һ˵һΣͳ˺ħǰһŷɳݺݵɵλá
ħʥصĸһӱҶС߷˳ȥ˸߿գڸ߿Уɫѿޱȣƺǳʹӡ
䣡
һ죬ħըѣ𶯣ӿΪһ쫷磬նըһ
ɽϺܶ˽ȥҿղЩܵ죬ҪȻºܶ˶ᱻȥ
ʮӵʱ䣬ƬռڻָƽһɽͷͺͺģһֲûУҺħձըģҪȻƬɽᱻΪƽء
࡭һһĭµ˵̫ˣħԱȻơ
ȷʵޱȣǾ᲻ģȴݺݵɱ˺ħֵ棬ǵĸ
ǰҶСҶ䣬ȻƵѾħԱǿǼħֵɫѿ
Ȼѿˣʧһ֣ôһǶôˣһһ
Զ۷׷ס
ҶС罫ĿͶ˺ħǼˣξĹһΣҪսʵʵĽܵսڻĻŵĻնɱǡ
ǶȻᰲؼġʣΨһһħʥظֹ˵ȻϹ۵ȴǺݶ֮ɫ
ҶС絭Ŀһ۱ʧ
ҶСȻ֪ˣͲںУԷ΢ǿѣвİȫ
ϣڸô죿ҶС뿪󣬺ħһһĸֵʵ
ܹô죬ȻȥɣڻѾ澡ʧٴȥҲûʲôˣǶǺħһ֣Ȼڲܹðˡʥصĸ̾һ˵
ϣĶѲɾô˲ɣһһЩĵ˵
ʥأȻޱȣȻôͷ£ǳҲ̡ܹ
ȻôˣǵʧһһûȸصĴۣʧ㣬ûһʥ۷Ĵڸڳ˴´Σһó׼ʥصĸֺ˵
ָָ»뿪
һսܿ㴫ýϣҶСٴαǳޣһսԽԽ󣬾ȻҶСֻǿ˶ԷһۣͱƵöԷԱ
´͵ͬʱڹ¶һһնӢͬȾĸֵҲһ˿
ܶҲְעҲڽñ̡
ϲ߾ľһ˺ܵ͵ĽһСǣҶСѵһٺǶõ͵ޱȣܹ鷳ǡ
׼̻һֵʵʮ㣬־ʱȴҶСɷǣݺݵĽѵһٺǲҶСڡ
ˣȫɱҲΥЭ顣
ºǴԭ⣬ֻ׼ȥļʶʶ
Ȼǵ͵˵͵ǰǸе˱֪ǰˣȫĵһ⡣
ΪһԭһЩʵǿ߷׷սǵһ֡
սǲû֣ΪҶСӣû뵽Ϊǵ飬ºսԽԽࡣ
ֲնɱңҾʵ㣬ܹô˶̬һľЩбһɻ
ǰʮսǶû֣ǵ˺Ǿͺ
һǵбΪ˸ʱһξѣսʱʵС
ڽ⣬Ѿսʮ֣սΧҲû˸ϣ׼뿪ʱһͳ
һսɣ
ʱһɫۣɫߵĸֻߵǶ档
Ҳ۸ǣҵΪʥ۷壬Ҳһʥ۷ĸֺһսɫɳۣɫߵĸֵĿ˵
ľһĸֶĿͶľʥĸ֣ƺѯһ㡣
Ϊȷʵʥ۷壬˭ϣľһʥصĸֿΪʥ۷һʵ


1782 2


ľʥ۷ĸͬʱ˵ǰһ
ʱɫɳۡɫߵĸĿһɨƽ˵һϰɣ
Ȼ֪ʲôֶΣǣһսδҲ̫˰ɣһ˵
ѵΪʵѾǿԳưһĵزһЦһ
ǲһ֣ô˿Ļᶼûˡɫɳۡɫߵĸ˵·ĳһȷһ㡣
š

ͬʱ˵ǰٴ̤һһʮɵľ룬һӾжʮ׵ľˡ
ϣһɲӿΪ𾪵ɲҪǿҪӶ
ô£ҵ֣ͻȻһ˾һϽˣֻֻƤΪֲڣƤֱӱһ֡
ϽˣǵĹ̫ˡ˺ȵ
Χ˷׷׺ˡ
һʼ˾ͶʩչεĹҪǲעĻһ
ңȥʮɣԶûˡ˵
ͻأ䣬һѪɫâϯգ˲佫û
áľʥظɫͬʱһ䣬ӶԷһУǾ֪ľѾ׶༪ˡ
ȻΪҽ𣬱û˶
Ѫɫâʧ·˵ڣղľһվλֻʣ˷·ɿľĶ
ΧһӱסˣΪһսжôļңû뵽һսѾ˿ܹġ
ղŷʲôһѪɫâʲô
оѪɫâа񣬽Էȫɣʵ̫ˡ
аߡ
ʲôֻҪܹնɱˣΪǻһֳ
һ˵еǸˡ
ûȻӵеа񣬵ȴûʲô£෴˺ܶĸ֣һ˵ĺûĲĹаĵĺû
Χ˷׷ۡ
ľҲˣҵΪͻƵʥ̡ɫɳۡɫߵĸֵ˵һ䣬תߣ߶Ӱģʧ
ˣûʲôÿˣǻһֵʵһ˵뿪
ΧΧ۵˷׷ȥһ䣬ֻʣľʮ֡
û뵽һȻҲи֣ľһһĸ૵·໪ȣһиǶô˼һ㡣
ǸѾӵ˿Խսʵ¾ʥسڵĸҪӮסһľʥصĸ˵
ȻôǿΪղŲһս
ֻΪˣû뵽ո߽СǾʧ֣治֪ڲԺ󣬻ôľʥصĸ˵
ǼǰǷȥ
ǰɣܹܲװ׵ʧһ֣ڿһ֡
Ѿʶˡһľһܵ˵
֪˵ҶС磬Ǹ˸ǸһСҶС磬ľʥصĸҲɵѡ
Ƭ̺Ǳȥһȥ
ħһ׼뿪ģغħ½ڸո׼̤Ϻߵɳ̲ʱһɫۡڷ꾲վɳ̲ϡ
ߵǰһ֮ĵطͣ
׼սħʥصĸʵ
ǡɫ۵국һЦ˵
ΪʥسڣҲǣһսħһ껺߳ǰÿ߳һƬɳ̲ݺݵ𶯣ƬռϺ˲ӿ
ȫһսҪءħʥصĸ˵
˼֣ҪԵնɱ
뿪ʱ򣬾Ȼս·ԷǵĥʯмΪķŭ
ϣģһȫԸġź⣬ᶨ˵
γʧأҶСľ棬бޱȣһͲԾй
Լñ˳Լ˵˳Ͳֻս˺󣬲֪
һȭħȻǰ̤һɲǼ䣬ɳɾڵס˵ߡ
ʱһȭϣƬռ䱻һͨǿľ˻һȭ£·һɽܹƬ


1783 һ
Ժħʥسڸֵǿһɫ۵·Ϊһ磬ǿȭУ沨ͲС
һУħʥسڸʢһ֣ÿһ֣ͻһȭǿȭͬڵĺᴩգһС
ɫ۵ȻʣƮ磬Ϊţһɵӡ
һȭɫ۵ȭƮȥ
ħʥسڸһҵľʱͻȻ䣬ĿһָͻأһֻӨ͸ķɵ
ûпʲôǱɵʧˣҶҵļҴѧɵǿޱȣ֮ͬУܹĹȥ
ȻǿĹҲܵƣÿһɵʩչߵľкܴģ˵Ǿǵȫһ
áħʥصĸ˫Ŀ΢΢һɫһ䣬ħһֿɵǲ
ҰУǱķɵ·˿һּΪĹ켣ǰС
£Ҳ޷֣ţֻҪԼҲ֣Իǿ߳潫ȫնɱ
һҵħʥسڵĸ彩סˣ¶˲ŵɫüĴһϸСѷ졣
ϸȥĻͻᷢѷѾ͸Դ
ءħʥسڵĸֵ˵ϣϢȫޡ
ɫ۵겻ͥնĻǣĲܹˡ
ܺãĺܺãû뵽໪һʵȻô¡ħʥصĸҧ˵кⲻ뽫ɫ۵նɱйͷķŭܣܹΥЭ飬ҪȻǺħḶӲҵĴۡ
ϣ໪еһǺħ½
ģǻģϣʱǲҪʧɫƽ˵й⻪һǱķɵУ˲л˽ȥ
һһȪеķ߳׼뿪ط
ܷ֣ħʥصĸ֣йâɫıӰʵ
겢ûлشȻǰߣӰɢʱһ޵ӷдҶ޾̡
Ҷ޾̣ãҼˡħʥصĸ
ܹͬնɱǺħһ֣ô˵ǱޱȾ޴⣬ܹΪһοԷ䲻Ȼޱȵӡ
໪ܹεֵסǺħĹô򵥣У϶ħʥظɫص˵
һʵϾܹһ屳ĵ̣ܹһĸ֣ӵеȻ
ǼսУǺħҲûжȫһħһĸЩ˵
Ϊ໪ȾӵôһʵˣڿǱ¶Щ¾ǶȫҲɱһǧ˰١
໪ȵȻôǿ󣿡
пܣǸϽȻȥɣȫȥߣ໪ȣڵռƣǸǺħ壬һҪأһһֶ߲Ǻħ½ħʥصĸ˵
Ȼ󣬴ʣ뿪źħ½ڵķɱ
̶һʱ䣬ľһֱһնɱ׼뿪\ľһֱҶҶ޾һնɱ
һǿҵĺ䶯ܶ˶ھظֵϢȻҶ޾̵ľ
±־Żһֳ׵ǰ׷ðһһΪ
¹󣬻ĺܶһĸҲԼдԣԼʲô㣬ԴˣûиԤᳫ±ڻߵˮƽ
ºÿ춼йһָŴ˵һͻȻ䣬նɱ˵ȵȡ
֮ܶһ׷׳ͷȵ𣬿˵һ¡
Դնɱ˺ħһʥصĸҶСͻصһ͵˺ܶ࣬ϾһƬƽ뿪
ĸ׷һðͷӸҶСרһ֮һͨһУʥ֮ϵĸ֣˭ȥʶԣҲܹ
ϾһеĺܶණͲȫǳȥҲΪ˶Լ
ҶС翪һŮһЩˣһЩΪѧԱǷ׷׳ȥԼʢʱչ¶Լ


1784 ŮΣ
һһչҷɵĴƣܶһֵĹâǷ׷ڵ
ýϣСС̸۵Ļⶼǹһֵġ
һһֱֵ֪ƽ¼Ҳھ˳
ȻһЩһûгǻڵȴŻᣬһӵĻᣬһĻᡣ
תۼѾʮ죬ҶСһֱһϣŮǹŷǳƽ
һ¥࣬ԶˮԵҶСͺϪһʯϽ̸š
Ѿ׼͵ˣʮºܶ˶Ҫˡϴŵ΢ЦһĨʡ
ҲãۣҲҶСЦЦˣýϻʲôϢûУ
ȷʵ٣һֶ໥˺ܶ½׼սУһ֣ѪӰ塢嶼֣ܶҲ׷׳һĸ֣ȻҲһֵȥ˵ǻʮһ׼ǰħ壬ݺݽѵǣмһȥ塣鶼̵ΪҶСܽһ¡
黹治٣ϣһܹǵĿ໥ս飬ҪȻ»˺ܶˡҶС翴Զ˵
·ŵŨŨѪζ˲пޱȵľһ涷ޣ˵ʬλɾԼľò¶Ѿ֪սĲпᡣ
ĿԼһһ㡣ȡЦһβǳĸ͸޵Ļ
ΪΪߣ۽Ҳ˺ݺܶ࣬оԼѾˡҶСЦЦ˵㲻ȥ𣿡
һʱ仹ˣ֪ҵİҪʱһĻⲻϣҸͳ鲻ʱȥοҳȥˣҪһֵĵġЦЦ
һҰҺ޵ŮӣһˣΪԷȥǣȻҲȰԼҵ
û£ҵĻǻ𣿡ҶСЦЦ仰˵꣬ɫһ䣬á
ںûзӦʱʧˡ
ô£ѵǷʲô飿΢΢һ㶣˲ָ˹뵽ÿ϶ǳʲôˣҪȻҶСҲһкʧˡ
һƬƫƧĸڣŮӺʮսһ
ŮͯʫӨ̡ࡢϣһʹߣϴҶСȥԽŮ
ǻûôߣͱҶСˣҶС翪һǱ˳׼Ĵתת
Ϊ˱ǵİΣҶСɳһʹ߱ǵİο
ʱսһˣʵǿּΪ̣òϿǻˣѪϿеʿ
ʮֵϹ£Ůˣɫ԰ޱȣͬŮʹҲ·硣
ȫѾʵǿĸסͲܹŮ
һɫΪѪȵ˵һȭû˿Ĺâɢ·ǴһƬռ䶼ڲ
˽սӨɫһ䣬޷赲һȭ·һȭ֮£ֱӱĩ
ѵҾҪôˣӨպ˫ۣĺǲʣΪԸûʵ֡
ԸΪܹΪҶСһȻѾƻ˺ܾãǶȻûʲô
ˣС磬ϣ±ӻܹ㡣Ө
ǿһȭҪ䵽ϣоźʱһǿĹâڱƬռ䶼ڲޱȵĹ
ۡӨֱըѣѪɡ
ӨǵâҶСһΪרűŮû뵽˳
ΪһϢıҶС磬ͷһԲ᲻֡
ʱҲ׼ȡ٣ңȻ࣬ǸûӵĻᡣ
Щֲѹǡ
㶯֣ѾҶС磬ò˶೤ʱ䣬ͻϵӨϱǿһָϽ˵
Ļ£˶ҪĹŮ
䣡
һµϢŮϱҶСŮڵȫ˳ɲǼ
ʱҶСѾƳˣ׼Ůʱһµƽٶ¡
оһƣΧŮһɫ΢΢һ䣬û˿ԥֱԱ
䣡
һըѣֲޱȵϯأŮ׵塣


1785 Щй¶Ϣ
ۿŮҪӴޱȵ棬һֻ޴ƴԽռ䣬ͻƿ񱩵һץŮڵĿռ䶼ץˣ˲䣬ƬռλŮȫתơ
ˣǿޱȵ·ӽ䣬ֱɨƬռ䶼죬ɳһɹ쫷γɣ·ǻ֮٣ռ
ãȫɢ֮ʱƬŻָƽҶСŮн¡
ŮˣŮųڵȻҵϢ
ŮƵʱҶС˫Ŀбŷ⣬ɫܲÿȻиָϮɱߵˣǻòͷˡ
ղЩһУҶС磬֪ԼѾ޷ˣȫԱȫԼһ£治֪Ǹ
һҪҪȻڰжţҶǳȥˡҶС
ûжúŮ׷˫ĿǵѾ⣬ҪȫָҪʱ侲
٣Բûбĸʹޱ飬֮ɫ˵
⣬ǵ̫ǿˣѾĺܺˣҪ𡣡ҶС簲οʹߣһɫе԰׵ˣȻȥɣһϸ˵
Ů˵ͷΪѾȫˣսû뵽ȴһʵǿ֮˵ΧҲкܶɻĵط
ҶСĴ£ûöõʱ䣬˾ͻصһ
ľ¥ĿУһˡҶС磬ŷǧ
Ϊܹõƶϳ£ҶСŷǧ£ǻһƶϳʲô
̣㽫µ;˵һ飬һ㶼Ҫ©ҶС翴ʵǻҲС飬ܹҶСŷǧõжϳ
Ǵһһ·϶˳Ȼ⵽˼εսǶʤˣߵڵصʱһҪսǣвܹսǱããɳĮտϡ٣Ƿǳʵսأû뵽ոսɳĮûжñ⵽Χ̺Ƶ˵
ѾԶ׼ˣѾ˶סˣԸǡ
ҶСŷǧµľ򾭹аЩԸ֮˵Ŀĵȵȡ
һʼǽսЩ˶ǲͬطģڵĳжһ·ãŷǧǻ۵Ĺâʵ
ǡ̵˵ͷȻ˵˺üе֣ЩдĻǡóһߣͨϻޱȵһӱ뵽ʲô
·Լƺõ𣿡ŷǧٴѯʵ
ǣǶߵģûʲôĿģߵڴ˵
Ҳ룬ŷǧйâһĵľ޴ͼͳľ¥
̣ɲԸָǺЩսսĵط
ָָ˺üط
ŷǧѯ˶ԷʵսеһЩҲûѯʲô
ӨǼȸϽڵƵãһġҶС翴Ů˵
˵˵ͷ˿ҶСֿ˿ŷǧû˵ʲô뿪ˡ
Ů߳ȥŵĿֻʣҶСŷǧ
ǧôҶСʵ
㲻Ѿж𣿡ŷǧһЦҶС˵
뿴ҵжϵȷ
Ѿˣ´߳һ󣬾ͱ˶סˣЩ֪ʵȪкܽĻ»ᾪ㣬ǱɳһֺǱԣǱĬӰн·ߡ
㿴ÿսĵطһжܹܽԤ㵽ŮеģǶǺϤˣȻһֻҵĲ²⡣ŷǧ˵
һǲ´أҶСʵղŷǧʱҶСȴЩţ˻Ƶô
ǲ´ˣǻķŷǧŹâ˵
Щһֱ˸ɳĮ¶ǵĿģʵǵĿĲҪնɱǣҪץסǣҪȻЩ˿µʵ»ֱӽնɱǰǷˮûȨܹǵĿ㡣
ŷǧĿͶҶСϡ
ĿңǾȻߵԸңǸ߻˶Ȼ˽˭ע֮˵ϣһȥҶСк˵ɱȻ


1786 ȫ
ˣȷʵҳҪȻ»ᷢʲôŷǧ˵ͷ˵
ܹҶСŮ˽ôģֻһˣҲ˵һڼ飬ҶС֪ŷǧҲ֪
ǧûвµп˭ҶСѯʵ
Է̫ˣѰµõϴҲЩˣǲѾЩ˺ܲԾŷǧѯʵ
ţϴѰ֮ϢʱǰϷһɽ飬ֻԼ֪Ͳб֪ҴʱΧΧǵѪӰˣѪӰܹԶ﹥ңǿ϶˺ͨ籨ţҲ뻳Լˣǽֳ飬ܹˡҶС˵
˵ǸȷʵڼˣҪܵĲ鿴͸¶һ˿ķݾߣԷֹԷǱȥŷǧ˵
ҶС˵ͷͻȻ뵽һ⣬ʵδһȥЩûϴθһȥˣ
УȫȥˣҲԲ鿴ÿˣ˿ûлɵĵطŷǧε˵
صǸ˾ȻôƻҶС˵ǧͽˣ֪ⷽȽó
ŷǧ˵ͷá
ڼ飬˶Ϊ棬ûһԸ⿴Լڼڡ
С磬̸ܹܲͨղ˵ǻʩչĹֶпʹõʲôѧŷǧͻȻʵ
Ϳ˵Щ˸ôûбʲôâһЩ˿϶һѵˣǽеˣʽһɣĿǰû˵Ǹָ֡ҶСҡҡͷ˵
ѵûлɹ𣿡ŷǧҶСʵ
ûУͲܣҺ˽οһֱߣûǸᡣ
Ҳûб˼ֻǵķÿϵ⡣ŷǧЩǸ⡣
֪Ҳûй㣬㲻ǵĻһ顣ҶСЦЦ
Ŀǰ˵ĸ壬ǲòǶжԸֶŷǧ
ţסҶС˵ͷ
ļŷǧͰе£ҶСӵ˶һļȻǰнеģһͨĳ
ҶСҲ¸ƽʱʱעһһʵֻҪӵһ˿˿ı䶯ܹ
ȻҶСҲûбϣϾԷڼ飬Ҳ֪һޱȣһڱֵĺʵֻгһŻ¶ӡ
Ů˺̶̼ռȫˣҲûгȥǾҶСרſٵһߣǸԵʵ
һڵʱ䣬ڼĵ鼸ûʲôչˣŷǧش뿪һȥе顣
һԵڵȥ¶ûʲôŷǧ뿪һһܽеģҶС绹ɳʹ߸ߣҸ֪ʹһǿֳ֣֪ͨҲΪ˷ֹŷǧ⵽к
һ죬ҶСһУŬ񹦣ͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ˫ĿֻɫصĿ첽˹
ʲôˣôôţҶСվŴҴĺʵ
ɫܲÿ˵ǻȥħһȫʥ۷Ĵͬ䣬ħ˽ǵʬƳһŻŻԵľǻĵķ򣬺ħ嶯ĸ߿ƼŻȥȻϴϣǿҵĺ䶯ܶһַ׷׼ǰħ½ѩޡ
ħȷʵˣ֪ҾͻὫȫڻġҶСĻдһ˿⡣
ƽʵûһŻͼƬ
ûУ϶Ѿ˿˵
ߣȥҶС˵ҶСһһȥǿƼ죬ƼλϣרŽĹ㲥ý¥
ⶰ¥УкܶˣǵĹҪǴзǵĶȻЩѡĲŸϵÿһˡ
⣬滹ԼļߵȵȣҲɼһҪϢ
ź˲䣬ҶС˺İ칫ҡ
İ칫Ҹ칤ͬʱ̨ԡ
ڵǰҶСһӾͿһ̨ĻϵһͼƬͼƬǺħûĸֶǷŻͼ


1787 ŭ
ĻϣһͼƬ֮ɭɭĹŻĹǼܣϺüԴڳһͣѪմŻͼƬȻ˸оǿҵĲʺԹ
һŻĽ죬Ծ˺ħſͰԵ·ڱΪڻĵ˱
ħҶСűĺ˵
֪ħ˾ٴʲôǲ뱨𣬻뽫Ļһħ½Ȼɳֺͻһսնɱһĸ֡
ǳıȻÿ˶֪ȴܲס衣
κħֶ߽ˣӻһ֣ԴﵽʵĿġ
ҶСָĻϵĻܶѵԣм͸һױȵķŭ
ĺħˣһǻĵĸ֡
̫ˣȻóֶΡ
ǰħ壬ǵͬħȺδȫһѵ
һǿǣѵҪĿЩɥںħĸʬǱ裿
ǵĻߣһ޷ķŭǺ޲ֱȥħ彫ħȫնɱǵͷ
ڵķӦֻϣܹ侲һЩ˿ЩԣҶС翪˵
ѾһţܶҲ֪ûһʱ֮ǰħ½ε˵дһ˿ĵǡ
ʱŭ֧ǰħ壬³Щûʲôֱ
ҶСչʶ鿴ȥ˵ȷʵһţϹ¼ĺһ·Լݱնɱһ㡣
ʲôʾҶСѯʵ
е߶侲Ҫ˺ħĵʱĸǰħ壬һĽѵ˵
½ӣͲѹסһЩеŭ𡣡ҶС΢΢ҡͷ˵
Ӧôȥɻʵ
ЩͷʢһӦվһЩˣǵŻõͷתƣ۲ŴһԲĽЩ£һЩӷǰħˣֻܹ˵ǻãʲôʱҪ侲ҪȻԼẦ˱ˡҶС˵
վĵϿ£شЩˡ
ţ黹Ҫ촦ҪȻһ˴£»ɸ˵ѡǵĵ˵
ҶСĿһۺ
ôˣô۹⿴ңĿһҶСʵ
ûʲôֻǾ˼ӳˡҶСЦЦ
ͻո˵꣬ҶСͻȻɫһ·Ƿʲôһ㣬΢΢һĨ⡣
£ѯʵ
ûУǧˣȥȼע£ʲô¾ֱҡҶС˵
񲻹ô˵Ҳ˵ĸȻҪ¹ĵס
˵ͷ
ҶСֱƶһϣһʱ󣬺ʹߣһѧԺѧԱӴ󷨵Ǹط˹
ѧԱѧԱһΣǱѹķˡ
ŷǧصɫҶСʶʲô飬㿪ʵôˣ
ŷǧƳѧԱһۣص˵һȥʮѧԱжʮǰЩ֣ȫַֻ˾ˡ
ô£˵ҶСɫ΢΢һ˵
ЩѧԱδһм˵ҪھȻʧô֣һۣҪ֪һּΪѣҪʱ˵ˣҶСޱȵѻ
й¶ѧԱзЩ˵١ŷǧָѧԱ˵
٣ԲҡҲǹģҵ治ǹġѧԱϽ˵дһ˿һ˿Ρ
ҶСֻǵĿһѧԱȻĿͶŷǧôһ£
Լ˵ɣŷǧһѧԱ˵
ҶС罫ĿͶԼѧԱһǳµӣһһԼ󣬲˵٣뿪һ󣬸ոյһУһսҵĶֺܿˣϵ飬ʱʱ˵Լļ⣬ҸоǺͶԵȻͽΪѣһСĽǵг̾˵˳ȥΪûʲô飬ҵѣҵģ˭֪ǱΧˣܶͬѧ׷ս
˵ţѧԱޱȣǻںޡ
˭Ҳ͸¶˼λĸг̣ҶСʵ


1788 ȥħ½
ҶСĻѧԱ¶˲ɫԴͻȻ䣬·뵽ʲôһ㣬Ȼ̧ͷ¶ŵɫ٣ǲĸҲ⵽˹
ҶС˵ͷܵ˹ȴҾˣʲô˵ģ
ûʲô˵ģ¶ҵĴƾٴáѧԱԴ˵֪Լ˴񲻹ʲô޷ֲ
ã㣬ЩΪѧԱǾܹ֪㲻ǹģֻǽѲǣô˵ĹģҲʵ̫ˣרſһΪյĵ죬ϣֻһˣʲôʱܹϵȫվɱ꣬ʲôʱ򣬱һҶС翴ѧԱ˵
лٲɱ֮ѧԱϽ˵
øлңϣ㵽ϺٸлҲ١ҶСǹһ˿Ц⡣
ǽϡҶСʹ˵
ǣ١һһѧԱһֻ첲뿪ˡ
뿪ֻʣҶСŷǧˡ
ôҶС罫ĿͶŷǧ
һֻ򣬱ǹӵģֻǽƻնһƳһڼ顯Ūıĸ֣ôһȴ¶ˡŷǧ˵
ҶС˵ͷȷʵһٶƺҳڼ飬ʵҲ¶Լûʲô취ܹǸڼҳƽİ취ͽ
һ룬һڣǾûн˵ȥˣԽ˵±ȥ˵һﲻ֪նɱһһ֣ȿǻĸĶ㣬һʱ̼仹벻취ŷǧҶСǸһЦ
ţҲáҶС˵ͷ
һҶС뿪һֱӸ˵Ӯ
£ӮȻԸΪҶСͷȫİ취һΪҶСעһ£Ǹ쳣ڶԻһЩħ½ĻһֱնɱƳŻµѹ
ӮĲ£ʢ磬˵ӮȻŭҪ³飬һӺ䶯ģܶ˵עתˡ
º䶯ʱ򣬻ĸ׷ױ¶̬ȣ¾ԺûʲôϵҶСΪĵĸȨƣһҶС糹¡
Ҳ׷ױ¶̬ȣֲ£С˵Ϊȫûйϵ
Ӹ̬ϣǻŷǧһӱµºѪӰйأһ̬ϣѪӰԶԶǰֵĺƽǿǳģ·ҶСһ㣬ʵ̫ˣڶʱҶС⵽ѪӰֵĹ
Ǹڼ鶼֪ҶСʱɡ
ɹ黳ɣȴû㹻֤ݣǸڼص̫ˣûз
ʱجĴΪЩںħ½һֱжʮͷԷȵĸǰ˺ħ壬ҲһնɱǵŻϵĲϡ
һӵȼ˻˵ŭ𣬱ѹƵŭð
ϣһ㣬̳ܶվķ
ºҶС֪Ҫȡʩˣ򣬽иǰħ壬󣬳ΪŻĲϣŻԽԽ󣬳Ϊõĳ衣
ѾֵزҲòˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
Ҫȥħ½۾ʵ
ţȥ⣬˶ʣЩǰȥҲұ֤һܹţңһĸҲƣħһĸֶҳ֣Υ˹涨ֻһȥĻ»ᴦˡҶСص˵
ȻѾˣǾŬȥɣҪ֤ԼİȫɽڣûգҲ뵱ѸĿҶС˵
ģԲģֻҪΪα񾳸ֲ֣ǾκҲáҶСһЦ˵
Ȼ˵ĸɣȴǼΪ棬ϾҪȥ˼ҵĵ̣ʹƣ˺ħһ鶼һȥš
ͺ˼仰ҶСֱȥ˾Ӯ̸
ӮҶС뷨˵Ҳֻ֪ȥΪˣħ˼ҵĵ̣ΣأοֵסħֵĽŲĹǾԺ޵Ҫ˵ʲô飬㲻һ𣿡
ѾˣȥħһˣٵĻ¾Ҫиǰħ½ǸǻĵǿҲѹƲסǡ


1789 ȷ
ãȻˣôͽˣҸʥ۷ĸֺһͬǰȥҶСô˵ӮͷӦ
ҶСȥõѡΪʵĳ϶ƵģȻȥΣҶСȥĻԲµļʶһ֡
ţҪ鷳ĳֽ·ȥλսǿһԸȥħ½ҶС˵
˵ҶȥϾ׼ǻȥħ½¹ҪӮǺһЦ˵ƽ׽ˣΪﵽα񾳣ϵȫȥһλͨˣϸȥ鿴ͻᷢڵ·Ǻһ׳ӿȣ˸о𺳡
ӮһҶСصһ
Ӯİ£ý׷׳ҶС罫Ҫһȥħһ¡
ҶСԸǰħ塣
ħĿҶСҶˡ
ҶСһǿһȥħ壬֪λһĸֻվ
̶̲Сʱʱ䣬ý׷׳ĺܶ⣬ԶϰĶ֪¡
˿ϳͷˡ
иҶСڣһܹЩֱħһѵ
ҶСҶ˫ħ˶ҪУһΪЩЩȥӢ硣
ССǵҶСǻĵĶһ㣬Ƕϣڴ·ҶСһ롣
ҶСҪһǿȥħһº䶯󣬻ǹɷŭ˳ѹ
̶һСʱʱ䣬ǰħһ־ǧˣǵʵǿ󣬸󾳽ĸֶС
Ҷ޾Ը渱ҶСһǰħ塣
ҶԸ渱ҶСһǰħ塣
ѩԸ渱ҶСһǰħ塣

ͷʢһַ׷Ըǰħ壬һӸû˳ϣмΪڴǳεĺħ֮С
Ȳ˵ҶСʵӰ˵ӰҲ㹻ôǿٲںħ壬ôһֿ¾Ҳûкͺħһƴʵˡ
ҶСһ̫ˣ̶һʱϰˣ󾭹˵ϸѡֻѡʮˡ
ҶҵҶ޾̡¼ҵĶ°ϹҵϹӡżԶ䵱ġŷŷġһżѩɽƷꡢ䳤պ̡
䳤պ̶ҶСƼȥģΪѾʥ۷壬ԶԸħؾһ֡
䳤ԴӸҶСʵǿޱȣһΪﵽʥسڣսǿս
ʮ˵˸ûйΪ˲ħ˽ǵĻᣬȻǶ֪˵Ϊ˱ǵİȫǳŵǳɹػĺһṫǵϢҲֻգ׷ڴյĽ
ҶСƻ׼ʱȥħ壬ϵʱǰħʮһֵѾѡڴͬеʥ۷Ҳһѡ
賿ӵʱҶСһȻ͵Сۡ
ҶСٵ磬˵ףˣƣڻһˡ
һһĸַ׷ǰǿҶСʱ׷״к¶ӵĿ⣬кܶ˱ҶС׼׷׳չҷɵʱҶСճֹâڵһС
ҶСĹâӰ죬Աչز͵£ΪκħһǰսǶһ˶ʱб
Щ˲òϺҶСͬһʱѹ֮ǾܶһҲһϵĹâҲȫҶСڵ
ܶ˶ҶСǼȺ
ʮȫʮӵʱ䣬ʥ۷Ĵڲ٣Ϊϰ߳ٳ˰ɣ
󣬿ҶСѾʱɫͬʱ΢΢һ䣬Ͻ˵ʵڱǸˡ
֪εҪҶС磬ӮѾ֪ǣҶСΪֻãҶСʵǿ󣬾Ҳʥ۷ĸ֣ҶС磬ȻһͻһͻģҲһ˿ľ⡣
ԭǲŶҶС˵һ
λǰʵ̫ˣǹҲҪæ˵ҲæڳɣҶС翴˵
ҶСĻ˶ҶСһ˿ľ壬ΪҶСѵһ٣ֱӶ䳰ȷҶСûжǺòӣһ𾴳ӡ
ҶС̬ѺãǱȫĸҶСȥħ


1790 նɱһ
һս˫׿׿ͷʢʮ˺ҶС硢ʥ۷ǰգǰħ½
ѾҶСڶǰħ½ˣһεʱҶСֻΧ鿴һ£ûп򣬱ϾǸʱԺħ弫ΪĲ˽⣬˭֪ħЩִڣȻΪħһֵӣǾ֮ƲôҲҽȥ±˿ѾͺħִüνˣԱΪħֵӣᱻ׿
ħ½ϿգʼһƬ֣·ɫǵı־ɫʡ
ԶԶȥħ½Сããϵһź飬ǰնУ˲ŷ˺ħ½жôĿϿħ½رȻľȻҪܶ࣬ǾȲѡ
ûйͣħ½غĵطչǰһɫŻΪȷ
׶߹ѪҺƳɵŻɢһŨŨĲʣ㱼䣬Ӣŭ
һŻʱϵɫÿоǷŭɱԾ
ҶСĴ£ҶСһ˴һŻǰ
ಡǸոأʮħ־ͳǰЩУΪߵʥڣ˵Ϊһ㣬ʥأרſŻĸ֡
ʮ˿ҶСʱɫһ䡣
ҶС磿ΪߵĺħЩȷĿҶС磬·ҶСħ塣
ҡҶС΢΢ͷȻҶСһǰͺħһֽĵá
ɢԲǧﶼܹ
ҶСĻЩɫһ䣬ҶС컪һĸģġ
û뵽㻹Ǻħ壬ȻѾˣǾͲҪ뿪ˡʥصĸ˵б⡣
ħ˶֪ҶС谭ε֣ǵļƻǺ󣬶ᾭ̣ħ˶ҶСʮԹޡ
仰Ӧ˵ԣ˭һսҶСĿһɨһʮ˵
ղŻкʮˣʱһһ㣬Ҳ˵ˡ
ôѵǺħ˶ų򣿡ҶС糰˶٣˵Ǻ£ҲԲԣֻҪǰݹһǣǾͿˡ
Ρ
롣
ҶС磬㲻Ҫ̫ˣΪûܹε㡣
ҶСĻħʮһҶС˵ǷŭһĨɵ
ŶȻܹһսͽгˣһŶҶСЦ˵
㡭ħʥصĸһ˵˻һħûܹҶСʵһȣ٣϶٣Ȳ˵һһУһܹҶСʵһƴ
ҶС磬ΪôߣЩΪ͵˱ԣѵ㲻߳𣿡þãʥصĸֲŶҶС˵ҶСǱԵͷ
߳ܣһ˵СһԼС˶սѵ߳ܣҶС練һ䡣
ħʮһӵԴʵǲ֪˵ʲôҶСִҪǱԣҲûʲô취˭ҶСҲһĸأ
ǵʵ΢߻һĸս㣬ҺһսְɣҶСƳһЩħһ֣ȻĿͶħʥظ֡
ҶСĻʮħֶгһĨΣһĨıȻǺħ壬ҶС̫ǿˣѹǶһսʣǿ϶ᱻնɱ
һս˵սҶС˵ǰ̤һ
䣡
һɿޱȵƳ죬Ƭռ֮ϵĺƶеɢ籩
ꡭħƳɵ׹Żһӱѣһ˵ϡ
һĻħʮ˵ɫüΪѿΪ˿Żû뵽һžͱҶСˡ
ʱҶСһţźħʥڵĸץǿѹ嶯һ˿ҶСĹ£ûаķ֮
ӿ˳죬ͻΪֲ
ʥصĸֳХһ죬һѷ죬ںɫѪҺ
ƴˣҶСʱҶСĹѾˣ޴һӽħץ
ǡһħʥصĸ֣һһ㣬ҶСĴճһ񣬺ںɫѪ
ҶС硭㡭㲻úáħʥصĸ
һ᲻һ̼ҪġҶС˵
Ļ£һʥصĺħըѣѪ׷ףɢһأ׵


1791 ˮţ
ҶСֻּնɱһʥصĸ֣ʣľħһһɺ⣬ȻѾ˵ҶСʵǿ󣬵û뵽Ȼǿֵز
һֵĻ˵ı硣
˭֣ҶСɨһۺħʣľˣȻĿͶʮһ֡
໥˿Ȼ߳˾ŸˣͬʱӺħĶѡһ˳֡
ûг֣վҶСߣƱϳ֣һΪǿĹʽ
һµƳƬռлصΧľ죬ܶ඼ֱӱǿƴˡ
һƣħһɫ˱䣬ǳܲסǿơ
ħĶǻһĴڣʵǿޱȣħʵ̫ƽˣͻһͲܱȡ
ûһӵʱ䣬ħ־ȫնɱˣһصʬǡ
ǵԴǻȥǵԴڳһ̨ҶСԻʮһ˵Щս֮˵Ĺͷȫ
ʮһждָǸһԴȻ̳⣬ûնɱһ֡
ҶСһźħ帹߶ȥһ·˺ܶޣû˿Ŀȫնɱ
ΪҶСղѾ֪ͨԵʣǾܶಿʱЩħһҶСǵɫ񣬷·ǽҶСһ˵һ㣬޲ýȫˡ
ҶС磿ҪսҶСոմӵڶ߳һξ룬һߴﵽҵĺħһֵסһ˵ȥ·
ħ弫Ϊ࣬ǿޱȵ·һͷţһ㣬ȷʵҲţԴϳӲǣӲУɫâ·һ֮£ն顣
żΪӲףޱȣǿһ֪Ǹˡ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣ȻЦʵȷҪսң
ħ弫ΪĴΪҲѾﵽʥسڣҶСϺ͵ˡ
ȻʵҲǿߣǿҶСһƶὫ
ҾҪս㣬˵ʵǿֻкʵǿսսԡħĿĴ˷ܵĹâҶС˵
ˮţʲôҲܹս˵ãʱһͬĿ˹˵ΪܸߣѾﵽʥأɫѿĿһҶС磬¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫȻݺݵһĿĴ󺺡
ˮţô֣ҶС粻Цû˭֡
ϣΪʲôܹսˮţ˵ϻ¶һ˿Ĳ֮ɫ
ܹնɱʥصĸ֣Ķ𣿡Ϊϵû˵
ģˮţЩŵʵ
ѵһƭ㲻ɣϺݺݵĵһˮţ˵
ˮţȻɻĿҶС磬ǲ˵ϸ첲ϸȵģܹնɱʥصĸ֣
ˮţĻλ϶һΣ޲ýˮţʹһ٣Ȼϻȥﶪۡ
ҶСЦЦˮţǵɵĿɰߵʵܹжϳЩɰͰ͵ͷӣȴ̺лԵڵ¹еĹǵۣȻֻʣһ߹ͷʵǿޱȡ
㲻ţҾһҵʵҶС翴ˮţ˵һǿƱˮţȫ֡
Ըԡ˵Ĺͷ죬·ܵ˾޴ѹһ㣬ˮţس׵ķˣǾ֣ͷϸܵĺֱðҲһߴζ·˼֡
ͣͣͣҲսˣҴ򲻹㡣ˮţһҲûиַ緶Ǹĺһ㣬ʲô˵ʲôȫҶСࡣ
ղŲҪսôܹڣҶСǰ߳һϵƸΪǿ
ǡ˵嶼˹Σɫ԰ޱȡ
ſϺˮţ
ſǣͼࡣ
ҶСƾƾóҲˮţ޷ΧЩħĸַ׷׺еһҪ׼ֵӡ
ѵǺħ˶һȺԶ֮ͽ˵ȥĻⷴڣЭҲˣҶСЦһЩħ˵
Ƿ׷ױͣһҶСŭĿӡ
٣Һһսɣʱ䳤ǰһ˵
ðɣҪǻĵӣҲҪҵҶС翴䳤˵
䳤ǿޱȣȥ·ּһͷԱ˶սǲѡ
һʧġ䳤˵


1792 䳤VSˮţ1
䳤ţҶС˵ͷϵʱˮţ϶ʱصһͷϵ亹ֱ·һ㡣
СʱĻָʱ䣬һս䳤ǰ̤ˮţ˵սڡ
˶ǿΪν֡
䳤յĻˮţҲû˿˵ͷĿָҶС£ܵһЩˣҪָսʱһ˿ƶпӰ쵽սĽ
ȻˮţʱȷʵЩ㣬ɵ
ʮӵʱˮţ˫ĿһĨ˫Ŀ˵Ѿˣһս
ˮţĦȭƣһʮսӡ
ս˶˳˺Զľ룬˵ս㹻Ŀռ䡣
䳤պˮţս˶ûʲôϾ˵ľһ˭ʤ˭ǾҪսˡ
䣡
Ȼ䣬ϱŷ˳ɽһΰϢǷ·بɽ壬ǧȻ棬һֶصϢֻﵽһ̶ȲŻϢ
ս
ս
ͬʱȳһȻһţѳѷ죬˷·ڵһ쮳
ͬʱӳȭͷȭͷڲ̺ſޱȵúܶвִǿĿ¡
ȭͷǰ˵Ŀռ䶼ڲ·֧ŲȭͷǿˣˮһĲһȦȦ
ʱ˵ȭͷײһ
䣡
·ǳƵĹǡǵȭͷһ춯Ǳǿѹ죬ȭͷӵĵطһΧľȫΪ촷ۣһ˿ûС
ǿսȷʵ£ƽһСıᱻԷ顣ħһָ̾һ˵
ಡǿ£˵θԺʮɵľ룬ж·ǵ˵ĺۼ
࣬ȷʵǿᣬȻܹţǿеһȣսſʼˮţ䳤˵˷ܵĹâòһ֣Ȼǳ˷ܣ뿴սǿ䳤յġ
ĲˮţͻȻ쳤һţһķŭǡڷһܼ漴ϵ׸һ䣬ǿȸˣǾˣҲθһԴӵ͡
ҰţײˮţһԴһͣ˷·ĳһֻţݺݵ䳤ײ˹
ԴӲǴƿռ䣬һĿռ䶼ڱ
ˮţĹ䳤˫Ŀ΢΢һʵȷʵǿ󣬵ҵʵҲʶʶʲôĽ񶷡
˵ţ䳤΢΢ÿһ缡йɵĲĹ˽
ɲǼ䣬ϵϢһ䣬纣һף̧֮䣬ӵÿռ
΢΢¶ף˫ţضų˹ˮţ
ʱˮţѾ嵽ǰµľҶƬƬռ䶼·һƬɫ䳤ճĺڷĿ趯ɢһɲơ
㾹Ȼ㣿䳤ռᶨվǰˮţƺЩ⣬⣬ֳûмǿ˼֡
ûбҪ㣬ģһǰ·ʤ䳤˵̽˫֣Ѿ嵽ǰˮţͷӲץȥ
ˮţȫѾӲϣǼˣӵ߿µĴ͸ԡ
䳤յ˫ǰĹУ·Ǵع򣬱ŷſµ˫ΧĿռڲϵĲ
˫ִǿľ㣬һץסˮţͷӲǡ
ꡭµľˮţͷӲͨ˫ִݵϣһ죬ϵ·ȫըɣ¶˷·Ǿ壬ʵޱȡ
ǿľ£䳤弱ٺˣ仮һĺۼ֮еı̲ȫΪ˷ĩ
䣡
һľϱײϣïܵɭб䳤ײһͨ
ãá
ײǸ࣬š
ɱɱ
ˮţͣΧħЩ˷׷׺һ˷֮ɫ·Ѿ䳤ձһĻˡ
ħЩأҶСһҪ侲Ķ֪࣬䳤սЩľײϣͶûʲôˣˮţƺƣʵѾˣ䳤ץסͷӲǵʱ
ĳײȷʵǿ󣬵ֳײһ͵㣬ֳײﵽ͵ʱ䳤շ֮ʱ
һ˲ʱ䣬ˮţͽ䳤ճײľ룬ϵ˺ܶ࣬ʱ䳤˫Ŀһɣ·ͭ壬˫۱úǴһϸ
𡣡䳤պȳһ֣˫һӽˮţһ䣬һ죬һӽˮţˤ˵ϡ


1793 䳤VSˮţ2
䣡
һ޴ƬضǷ˵һ㣬Ҷͳա
ǡѳ˺ܶѷ죬һĻܶ˶һ̺̫ǿˣʵ˾ġ
䶨ʱ˲ſսһĻֻ䳤˫ȻץˮţͷϵֻӲǣˮţѾڣԴˡ
䳤սù֮ˮţݺݵˤȥʱˮţһӶˣԴκġ
һȻܵ˲أȴͷĿѣģҲöԷץ˰ѱ
ʱ䳤ٴνˮţݺݵŵˤ䣬ϵһĻ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
ˮţɫǺޱȣմҶǱһ
ҰţȭˮţͻȻһת䳤մһȭ֪ҪˣԲܹ䳤ӣҪȻƻٳɶվΪˣȻ󱻶Էһٻɱ
ˮţһȭ˫ռֹȭͷŷȭͷǰγһֻçţӰ
ʽ
䳤ղʾһץסˮţӲǣһֻлƬռ䶼·Ҫѿһ㣬Ҫˮţ˺ѳ롣
䣡
˵Ĺײǿ䳤ձɿˮţͷӲǡ
ۡһµľ˵һ˺ۣ䳤տȫԡѪЩոջ˺ڻţͿǿ
˵ֿȻһأֺݺݵ˹ȥһһҰţȭһʽǽޱȣ䣬ըƬռ䡣
Χ˶ǿһսҶСĿҲ˸ž⣬һֱսҲԶӦΪ䳤պţȭͷⲿϥǵȵȲֵٶȼΪǱˣܹԽնɱ֡
ײ񶷼ɵıƴ˵ս·һսһ㣬ΪĹʽչֵ쾡¡
֪˭Ӯ̿Ųһ˵
˵ľͬǿҲ£ҪƴľսܣмɵӦã⣬һŷģĿǰ˵жϲܹʤ˭ʤˣҲǲʤҶС͵
ֽĹҪֻӣŻԽսԽ£ϵѹȡյʤ
ҪֳʤҪһʱ䡣̵˵ͷ˵
䣡
ʱнսˣէȻֿͬʱݺݵĴӸ߿յ£üײƬϳδӡ
˶ס˺鿴ǵ
һ䳤ȴδ˳ѪĺڷޱȣŶȥʣ߹ǿ϶˺ü
ȿȡȳ˼Ѫһ֪ˡ
ʱˮţҲδ˳Ҳʮֵ⣬ͷһӲӲǾȻһǶѵĲǱϵģǰѾ˺ˣںɫѪɫ԰ס
ۡʱһѪ
һҵս˶ˣޱȣΪǻʹ˰֣û뵽ǵŶĿս⣬·Ҫһսжء
ս
ս
ٴͬһսֺ֣һʼĲͬһϧζ
ˮţ˫ȭͬʱǿȭͷӿ·˫Գˮſռ䲻ϵƣļޡ
ȭƻûȫչռͨγˡ
䳤վգ˫лԴع򣬻Ȼ䣬˫кݺһץ·ץסĳεĶһ㣬漴˺ѿƬռ·𶼱˺˿
һΪϸ΢ѷƬռ䡣
µȭһǿ˺֮ٴײ
䣡
ˮţµȭ䳤˺˿ǹˮţӿ
ǡˮţϵȫѣѪģΪҡ
ۡһѪӿ£ٴε
䳤Ȼ˺ѿˮţȭȻһȭУǰ߹ֶһεɣȥƱˮţ˺ܶࡣ
أأȺ䵽ɽУû˶
һι˺þã䳤ղŴˤȥС˳ɫǲ԰˼֣ˣȻ˶վ·ʲô޷һ㡣
ʱħ˶ڴĿˮţȴˮţӿг
һӵʱ䣬ˮţŻӿվΪѾԣѾûսˡ


1794 ﵽħ
ʤѷ֣䳤ӮˡԶ˵˵
ħһĬˮţʵ֪ģͬһУ޵еĴڣھȻһУ˵ʵǿ
ÿһħ˿䳤յжǼɵ˳ɳԿ£ĳɾͷǷ붼ǺħĴС
Ҷֱӽնɱǿ㻹ķϣξͷŹһΡ䳤տˮţ˵ȻҶСһȥ
⻰ˮţɫǺ죬Ҫ˵ʲôվû˵ڣƺЩ䳤սһѾˣһѣ˵ս
ˮţ
ˮţ
ħЩ˷׷˹ȥϽˮţǵӪ·䳤ջͻȻɱ֡
ʱ䳤Ѿص˶УصƣҶС΢΢üһץӿһһ㱻н˹һӴ䳤ڡ
ۡ䳤һڻѪмĿҶСһۣϽǹǿ󾫴޸ơ
Ϊ䳤ԭ޸ƵԵʣҶС粢û뿪һֱħЩҲû뿪ǾĿҶСһˣ·ҶСһˣʲôֶΡ
ûսǻһˣҶСĿɨźħ˵
ħһƬˣ໥˿û֨սΪǿľˮţˣˮţˣȥҲ
ҶСĿ֮ǶͷҺҶСӣ·ҶСҪսһ㡣
ĳϣҪдһ£ҶС罫ĿͶϡ
ǿһЦϽ˵ҶСҶ˵ЦˣôĶأûдıҪˡ
˵ţȻŤͷ˿ħˣǶȥȻᲿ䡣
ȻǺҶСһ鷳κǵʵʵ̫ˣҶС鷳˵ʵ
һһƬɭУħ˾ȫ뿪ˣֻʣҶСһˡ
ȴСʱʱ䣬䳤ϵƺ߳ɣǼǰУźħ
һΣҶСĿǸħһ̵Ľѵһ⼸һ־Ҫ˱ᡣ
ҶСһǰߵĹУ˺ܶޣЩȫԸµ䳤˺ˣ޵ѪһԭʼҰˡ
һ·޵ɱУɢ˼ΪϢ˿һֻޱײеޣˮţһսʵˣȻδ䣬ս֮ǰǿ˺ܶࡣ
ҶСһֱߴУ·У˺ܶսˣЩ˵ʵͬȾкһ㣬ȫҶСһնɱԴ
һ·̤ħնɱ˺ħһϰˣһǿҵĺ䶯
ħһʵǿĸַ׷ǰħ׼սҶСһˣҶСһһѵͬʱҲΪЩȥĺħֱ
ҶСһ֣˰Ъ
ҶСķԸ£˷ľһľ¥ͬʱԲһڵľȫһ޴ı̨ҶСԿ̻ƣ̨ļΪʵ󷨵ķʥصĸڱ̨ϵսҲñ̨
һˣɺҶСһȻֱľ¥оס·𽫺ħ½Լҵĵһ㡣
ҶСһ˵ľٶ׷ΧһЩǶĺħУҶСһҲԼ˺Щޱȡ
̨飬һӴħ塣
Щʵ̫ˣȻǺħ½ڣסĵطһ̨
ŵ̫ûеˣҪ֪ﲻĵ̣Ǻħĵ̡
ߣһҪǵѪҺ̨ȫȾɺɫ
Ƕ໪Ǹһ֣ܹȫնɱ໪Ǹһʧء
ҶСںħ幫Ȼ̨º󣬺ħ˷׷һ޲ýҶСһ˳Ե
ħһַ׷ǰ׼սһ
ûй೤ʱ䣬ҶСΪȻѾ˻ģϢһ˷ܲѣ۷׷ס
ֱˣһҪúýѵȺδȫˡ
ҶȻ䣬
ںħҶСһ˾ȴȴս
ʵǽ̨ʱѾкܶһΧˣǶûǰսΪ֪Щǻˣʵǿޱȣ׼û˸ҳԣϾԼҲҪ


1795 
賿ҵʱһɹǿޱȵӿľ¥˷׷˫ĿУ˫Ŀų·ǰҹеǳ
ħһˣȫһս׼ʱҶСÿ˵Ķߡ
ľ¥¥ϣҶСӰͻأ֣۳һΣȥĿ⿴Զ
ݡһʱ䣬ľ¥棬ҲǱ̨һߵķϣʮӰӿн䣬ǵΪȻҶС˵ĺԶɢƣͬһУǾ޽еģǶͬеʵǿޱȡ
ʮħһĸֳֺ󣬲û˵ʲôֻǽĶľ¥ڵȴĳЩһ㡣
Ǻħһʵ𣿹Ȼǿֻһ֡ҶСͻȻӰһ·ʥ۷ĸ֡
ħһʵЩǿ󣬲֪ǻһĸܹܲӦԡһʥ۷ĸĵ˵
ܹӦҲҪӦԣҪȻ¾ҪѪȾ̨ˣ͵ŬȥսֻܹǡҶС翴Щħһ˵
ÿڶ̺Ų˾Ӧеܶܶࡣ
ѵ㲻ܹǱ𣿡һʥ۷ĸʵ
ǿԣǣôе۸ǵ˼ˣҵΪǿ̫ˣҪ֣϶ǶԸħЩһĸ֣򲻵ѵʱҶֶԸҵ͵ˣΥϷ򡣡ҶСź⡣
ҶСĻһʵߵϹӣΪѾﵽʥڣħҪսֻܹʥڵĸ֣ҪȻΥϷһ˫ûĬϵһֹһǳʥ۷壬ʥصĸ֣ôҶСҲгֵˣҲ˵ʲô
ʱֲƵԶľڻ졣
ҶСĿȥֻźƴԶƮ˹תۼ͵˺ħһͷɢȥɫ׵¶˳Ƕʥ۷ĸ֡
ӭħ½Ǻħ½ǿˣҲҪؿ˵Ĺأ֪Ǻħľݺͱ̨Ǻ⣿ʥ۷Уһ˶ҶСʵһʵ
͸ҶСһñӣ˼˵ҶС̫ǺħΪһĽͣǿ϶ᶯ֣Ըֵ塣
Ͼ綼ȥҶСˣҶСв̫ˡ
ǺǣһΪ˵ʲôأΪˣںħס֣Ȼûаţôǿľ¥󣬾͵ĬΪοǻѽ˷ݣڱ̨飬ҾûǽȽϺãϾǶм飬ô飬ǲлҲͰˣ£Ǻ⣿ľ¥¥ҶСϿƱضʥ۷ĸʵ
ʥ۷ĸ֣ɫһ죬һףһʱҲ֪˵ʲôĺã۽һٸҶСĶ֡
ҶС罫Լ˵ľȻ˺ħй֮ˣޱȣ뽫ҶС籩һ٣ҶСǰ󣬵ǣʵܴܲùҶС绹һοҲ֣ܳϹŶˣҶС绹һ֣زܹΥ
ðɣǺħлǽ˱̨ʥ۷ĸֲʵ˵лҧĺء
ҽǵĸлҶСһӦ˵ӣʱһʮѾľ¥˳վСľǰ
ȻǸǺħ½սǾҪ׼ϣǶܹ뿪ħ½ʥ۷ĸ˵
ֶҶСһɱ⣬ħҲһ޲ýҶСȫնɱЩնɱĺħһ֡
仰˵ĲˣǺħдģսдһʵͬǶǸеˣɱɱûбҪˣȻдʱҲ⣬ǻһĸǲЩⷢġҶС絭һЦ˵
Ǻ£ǹֵžԴˣڽΣҪսˡʥ۷ĸ˵
ǺǣҪսһдԵĿĻʽҶС罫ĿͶ
ʥ۷ĸԥѾӺħα񾳸ֿ֪ҶСʵǿޱȣһʥ۷ֶĶ֣һЩϵĹŶҲҶСĶ֡
ȻѵҶС磬һΣԣԥ


1796 
˰ɣܹܲ˵һǰ۸һСħʥ۷ĸЦЦ˵һ˵ĴȻһΪҶСӣ·±˵лһ㡣
Ȼˣ˵䣬ǺħһĸһսɣҪȻһΪģҪһսҶС絭һЦһʮƽ͵ӡ
˭еû»һսħʥ۷ĸ뵽Ȼû˵֪ϲҶСĶ֣ȻЩħһʹɫȥһս
һΪļһһӷ˱̨ϣĿһɨŻʮһ֣ΪƵ˵˭һս
ʮһ֣໥˿ûȥŤͷҶС磬·ҶС⡣
ꡭҶСЦǵΪʮһҺһսΪƾʥڵΪܹǻʥ۷ĸһսĻһԸ
󣬺ħɫǺޱȣ֧֧ᣬû˵һ仰˿ʮһ֣ĸϽӱ̨Ϸ¡
ʵʥڣУΪ͵Ķʥ۷壬ȥֱǴ
ǸɵһҲûУ治ǺħһְȥҶСƺƫƫĶǸ֣ˣҶСĻһֲǵĶС
ЭҶСʥ۷ĸֿҶСһۣĵСʵ̫ˡ
ħʥ۷ĸɫѿޱȣ˵ɫҲÿǺħһ֣ղҶСڽǣеȻˡ
ʱһħʥ۷ĸͻȻ֣ոմӱ̨Ϸĺħһ־ͱˡ
ءǿħһĸֱһĩ
һӶѣղƻգϣҶܹ¡ħʥ۷ĸʮƽ˵Ȼƺûʲô⣬ȴź⣬޲ýҶСʬΡ
һĻ˶סˣħһĪһɺ⡣
һȴҶСһĵһˣʵǿޱȣڲҲôãǶƤӣҪһħһǿ˰
ҶС綼סˣû뵽ԷȻôȫһ˿ͷϵռˡ
ЦЦ˵ħ岻ǿ壬һħһ֣ҳ㷹һ㣬ʮҲν
⻰ղųֵħʥ۷ĸдޣСӣһӽ˷˼ϣȻЩһֲ˵ʲôп϶ˬ
˭ȥ̻һֵʵ֪Լ˵ҶС磬ҶСĽìϽתƻ˵
Ļ£ħһûһ˶·ûһ㣬ǶںħһЩˣ̨ӲȻµһʥ۷ĸ֡
ţǸϽȥһˣûһ֪ǺħһʵҪȻǶ֪Լʵ־硣ЩΣһħʥ۷ĸָϽԲ˵
ħʥ۷ӿԲϾǣʥ۷ֵȴҪΪһھռ˴ĳɷ֡
ߡһħʥһֺܲˬĿһۣղųֵħʥ۷ĸ֣Ȼһǰ̤һԽռһӳ˱̨ϡ
棬ʥغڣλԸһսĿһɨŻʮһ˵
վڱ̨ϣɫףϺɫâתһ֪ǿϵĸ̣жë
ݡһϸ֪Ӻζһӳ˱̨ϣƾգĹâɢ
ʱһӰӻʮзɳƮȻ£һëһӯżϸϣ·½ȶϡ
һŮӣɫ廨ȹһŵװ磬˵ĳ·ϵɣֽ̤ϸϵӣƮƮɣʱҪ˷ȥ칬
ģƣǰ̡ŮῪ˵䲻ȣһʮӡ
ŮӾħ½һгȥΨһŮԣƣʵҲﵽʥغڣ˵ľһ£սҲ˵ʲô
ܺãҼʶʶǻһֵʵ涢˵
ϣ˾ʧˣȻ䣬ǰʮ״һȭû˿ĻڣȭͷϣһǿȭͷϱųƬռ䶼ֹȭͷǰεĿѹʵʡ


1797 µ
һȭǿޱȣΧһЩΪ˸ܵǿľ϶ۣЩħϾȻһѪۣǿγɵĹ
վһȭ紵ɫȹ죬һͷ˿Щңȥ·׹˷糾С
ۿƾҪǿƵһȭƬͻأ䣬ƽµϸէȻʧ·ûгֹһ㡣
һȭһ־ʾһΣڱƽ·һȭĴȥͻ⵽޴ΣԼĸоţϽջȭͷͬʱ󻮶һӺһ׵ľ롣
һĻܶ˶⣬֪ôһ£ѵڷˮһЩħԺоȻͷ
ʱ˵һĻˣո뿪Ǹλʱһֱն£Ƭռ䶼ֳ룬ˢˢģ롣
һĻܶ˶һͷҲ亹о˵˶Ҫֳˡ
ǵһתֱֱ˹ٶȼ죬·ǴԽ˿ռһ㣬һӾ͵ǰüĴȥ
СС;Ȼﵽľ磬ȻµģɽȻ鴫ҶСһʥ۷ĸ˵
¶֮ɫƵ俴󣬹ҲʮңǶ򼫸ߣһЩȻΪܸߣҲһܹﵽֵز
ĵӤеҶС뵽Źâضʩչ·ҪЩȫԺС
ƵĿһαˣͬʱͼ赲סһ
첲ϵӣֵƶ̽Ǳϸ
ոסĲ֣ɫһ䣬ѿޱȣϽջ֣μٺˡ
ǡһ𣬰ֵȫ飬Ѫֱɭɭ׹ǣޱȡ
ٶȾˣȻܹ˦ϸʱޱȣտʼսԷûпͱһæңǳ谡
ȷʵȻֹ켣ֶΣյһ㡣ҶСĿһһ˵
⻹ûȫңҪȻǧ֮⣬׾ٵնɱֵԴϸսҶСһʥ۷ĸ˵
ҶС΢΢һַʽЩ٣Ȼս֮ƺ֮ͬЧ
ħ١һϸ׷һӻҧҧһתۼ䣬۳һħӰһħϣ·Ǻܾ֮ǰµߡ
ƴǱ̹ϸն£ħĶһģһǿԵƬռ䶼ѡǰĿռŤ۵ƺҪǱתƵĿռ䡣
ռ飬ֳ룬۵Ŀռ䣬ٶȻ˺̺ܶ࣬Ҳǰ
ʱٴδһȭȭ˫Եޱȣ·ҪѹһС
䣡
һɹɾܱ䣬ϸһ춯΢΢Ȼ˻ȥɫ԰˷֣ȭͷ㱻һ˺۴ȭͷһֱӵ˸첲⴦ںɫѪӿҪжҡ
ֽ
˫ڿռһǱϸɲǳƵͷ˫ֵĲϻϸͣתת۾ͷֳ
ȥ
ƽһϸʱƿնȥÿһϸж̺ǿͽ⡣
ˡϸᴩգռ춯·Ǵͨͨһ롣
һĻ˫ĿһͷϸܵĺһϸѾ㹻ܵˣȻò˻𰡣Ƶ
񵶡ۿſֲϸҪһ˫ƾһգһĴ󵶳С
˫סݺն˹·Ҫնգ赲סϸ·ߡ
֮ռ䷢壬Ҳ·γĳֶϲ㡣
䣡
ϸ˹ֱӳϴ̣˹ٶȾˣһĻû뵽Ϊܹ赲סԷϸû뵽Էϸôͣռϲ㶼ܹͻơ
ϺγһɫĵŹϻƵĶƣǽʵӡ
ϸ˶ϣƺݺһ֮صѪӿ
ǡϸ΢Ӷɢɫһ㣬á
һ£ɫĶȫ飬ϸûа취
ۡϳѪںɫѪҺҲѪ
ϸ·ʹһ㣬һ³ƽ£ɫǲ԰ˡ


1798 ʬ
ǿҲ󣬽ľٶնɱ̵֣ܹʱ֣ôҪˡ
û뵽Ĺôǿһǵһ͵ĹʽȻѾˣҲ䣬ֻսĺħˣûĺħˡ涢һһ˵
Ȼ󶴣ںɫѪȻֱֱͦ·µķᱮ
һкħ˵Ĺиľ޴ĸдֻսĺħˣûĺħˣ仰ÿж𶯡
ȻҶͣⷬҲйϧʼǵˣҲκε֮ģҶС
ɱһ𶯾죬ƬռϹ춯·еĲʡ
һգɫ۳ɵĳ֣һ·Խʱ䣬һǰһƬռʱֳ룬һռγɵĺṵǰӣ·Ҫ롣
ʱƽµǱϸΪһâ˲ʧ
ۡԴһӷںɫѪӿȪеĳɢΪ˺ɢ˿С
ϸɻأԴһӱߣϸص˻ʮһվĵط
ƵϸԴն꣬׵ȻʧȥԴȻֱֱͦ·Զᵹȥһ㡣
澹Ȼˣ
ôܣѵľô
̫ǿˣû赲
úħһȻǷ׷ۣʱ˭˵࣬նɱҲͰˣȻԴ
ģ̫ˣ¾Ǻħˡ
࣬Դǣ˵ʬ嶼Ź̫ɳˡ
Χĺħ˷׷׺ŷŭĹâղ־ǵĹˣȻܹԴ
ɱǣɱЩࡣ
ɱ
ܶʧˣһսݣҪҶСһȫնɱ
ҶС¥¥ĿһĻ·һһ㣬ǹҳһ˿ЦֻҪЩ˸Ҷ֣ôɽȫնɱˡ
ʱǰҶСеìܵʥ۷ĸִһϿֲɢһƬռ·ȫˡ
оɿµƣЩзŭĺħһ˹һʥ۷ֵƣȻ޷Ӧԡ
ʱƬռûһ˸ҿ˵
ѵЭ𣿡ħʥ۷ĸ˵Ȼ󣬵ȴĴݵÿ˵ĶС
ЩһԴһ֪˵ӣ֪ˣԷһὫȫնɱû˿Ĺ˼ɡ
˶ѹħʥ۷ĸֽĿͶҶС磬ֱʵҶʲô˼ʤˣΪҪԴߣ
ħʥ۷ĸٴʣ⣬·ҪԶҶСһ㡣
ʲô˼ⲻѾҾԴרõģôˣҪΪͷҶС糰һЦ˵
ǻĸѾȻȥԴѵͲ𣿡ħʥ۷ĸٴʵһȻ·Ļ
㻹湻޳ܵģ޳ܵûмô޳ܵģ㣬ǽǻĸնɱƳŻʱûߣҲһԴѣûнƳأ˵ѾʴˣٻûǵʬʲôҶС缥Цһ˵˶٣˵Ǿ̫ˣоҺ۸ǲǣȻˣ´Σǲˣնɱĺħ֣һὫƳúЩԸǺħˡ
ҶСĻʥ۷ĸɫѿޱȣţҪ˵ʲôȴû˵ڣ˰ɫ˵Щͼ࣬ôܹǺħأǻһֵʬǣǶǵĶ͡
⻰һħһж¶˱֮ɫֻ˽˵ˣ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ˵˳ⲻìʥ۷ĸҡҡͷʾ
ſ˵ͼҿҲ߹󲻵ȥʲô˾ͻ˵ʲôĻΪͼף˵ĻҲͼף֪˼ŵʥ۷壬Ҳ֪߳ܡҶСЦһ
вʹĻʱһսҷ㣬һ֪Ҵܶܶ౶ҲҵĶ֡


1799 ϧ
ãҺһսһ㿴һֵǿ֮ǳΪһ˼ʮëͷСӿԱģҲ໪һšʥ۷ĸֶҶС˵쳹˷
ȻоҶС缫Ϊ򵥣ܸһּΪΣյϢɵѣ˻ҶСսΣӦģǾͳų򣬻ħ²õӡ
仰ħ˶ĿͶʥ۷ĸ֣˷ܵĹâƺҪĸսӡ
䣡
ħʥ۷ƱƺƵͷĿռ䶼۳ʵʣһƹһ㣬ֱᴩ¡
建վգǵأֱħĿҶСɱ⣬ֱӽҶСնɱһصĴܹҶСնɱôĹͣղŶԹĺħҲ
ҲǺħһǰҶС絭˵£ľ¥¥εӰʧˣɲǼա
ܺħվλñҶСߣ¶һ־Ӹµƣǲ֪ô£ȻԼҶСһȣһĪĸо
ҶС縺ֶĿƽ·ͳƬռľһĵһȡ
ȻôżôҾͳȫ㡣ħʥ۷ĸֶҶСݺݵ˵
ϣ˫һ죬˫ּӿ˫лķ֮һԲȻϲһ
ؼӿƮҶСȥһǿ·ҪƳһ룬ҶСڡ
һĺҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һУ˵˭һأ
վոûжƾЩ·ͲںЩһ㡣
һ۳ɼޱȵ˿ߣЩ˿ΧҶС磬תۼ֯һö룬ҶСȫ
ΪŸոγɵĴ룬滹ܹԼԼҶСӰźӿԽԽʵˣԶԶ𣬾һԲεʵ򣬸Ϳʲô
Ϊһû뵽ôսҪˡ
ǰҶ̫ˣ԰³һУˣҪѿϼѡ
ۿһ콾䣬иоϧࡣ
һĻΧЩħ۷׷ףһЩ¶ϧ֮ɫһЩֽкãôһλǿƵһ֣ôǺħ˵ǴΪġ
ٵܹƿħĽ𣿡ħһʥ۷ĸһˡ
²ܣͬһУͲ˴ƣһʼʱлᣬʵӳãˡҡҡͷ˵ΪҶСܹƿǲ֯ɵĴ롣
ɣ΢΢һЦЦƺЩĪ⡣
ʱʮһɫһ䣬ʥ۷ĸҲĿһĻҶСƲҪĻκħ֮пʧء
ûҶС磬ЩħʲôͬȾһսĹ򣬵Ǹʱǿ¶Ҫ
˵ҶСİΣΪҪӰħһеĳɹһʧܣɵʧɹ
ˡһħд·ҶСŬƿħ롣
ӹģħֻǻ˻Σûƿס
ҵħƿģʲôҪҶС磬ĵɣҶСսʥ۷ֿЦһ˵
ʱоＫΪ̹ղռ˱ˣƵ²̨ҶС羹ȻħУƲħ룬ԤʾҶСѾУܲˡ
ûˣһ콾Ϊ⣬ȻҪɥˣûдﵽ貵ʱ򡣡һЩ˸̾·Ϊûܼһǿ֮˵̾
úõܱζɣҶС硣ħʥ۷ĸſ˵ʱһŲһƣ·ҶСǶĹһ㡣
ħɻҽ
ħ꣬ɢ
ħء
ħǿߴаһħ·عһ㣬ħΧĺȫΪ˺ɫĻ棬·ҪħȼճΪޡ
һǿʽħеΪҽǣһ˿ӡҲһʧ˵ȵħʧħеҲһʧ·Ƭؼֹһ㡣
Ҳ¶ˣȷʵҪˡħʥ۷ĸ˵л¶һ˿Цݡ
ˣһǸоЩԾĵطһħʥ۷˵
ʲôԾĵطˡ
ɣ


1800 û
ƺգħְȻվ·ħžкЦһʤߣҶСѾûоˣħƵĻƱħлΪޡ
ħܣɫĴȼƬռ䶼·ȼգΧ˶ܵȵϢ
ϹӣԻΪ˽⣬ֻ֮£ҶĻữΪ𣿡Զ˿ȼյĺɫ棬¶һ˿֮ɫȻĿͶϹӡ
ᣬǲͨĻ棬ǹ֮ȼաϹɫص˵
ȻһЩ˵ļҶСìܣȻ뿴ҶСʹ䣬ΪӶڻĵʧʵ̫ˡ
ϹӵĻ£е˶˳ĬУ¶֮ɫҶСİοǵġ
ɫħһһҵȼգܶ˶һڴǵǵħڲ뿴ҶС絽ױȼûС
ħȫȼڲĿռпһˣ·ʲôΪ˻ҽ
ˡһĻʥ۷ĸһͬʱ˵˫Ŀеɶûǰˣһ޾ɵӡ
ҶСǻʧʧȥһ壬ħ˱Ͼ
Ϣ˻ģ¶֮˵ĴСϾҶСڻе̫ˣпںܳһʱУһ겻
ʮһҲһгһỊ̃˫Ŀͣ·ſһжġ
һ콾ôʧˣϧ
ǰоеյġ
˵¸һֶᱻѹƵԳͷ
ħкܶ˷׷˵ǱƺЩֻЩϧ
ҶС磬㻹У˵ǻһţӦˡħֿЦһ˵ǳɾ͸С
һսʮֵģԼҶСĶ֣û뵽ҶСܴУһӾͱסˣޣʵ̫ˡ
ʮֵˬ죬ȻӮʮֽңǽȴӮˡ
˵̫˰ɣ˶ϧ֮ʱͻȻ䣬һƬռ
һƬضܶ˶˶䣬·Ÿղһ
ǵҶСһģһ
ô£ǵҶС
ѵû
϶û˵Ļô˵˵һô׾ˣԭû
ħ˿ʼۣһкɫâ·ҪҳҶСڵء
ħʥ۷ĸɫ΢΢һ䣬һһĲ鿴ΧĿռ䣬ҶСûǶƭ˵ĻôҶСսֵˡ
Ҿ֪Сûôʥ۷ĸһЦȻڶԷļϺݺһ£ڶ˹ͷ
һֶһз·һʯͷȥ
Ҿ֪㲻ġ̵૵΢¶˲õЦݡ
˭˭װŪҳУħִȻѾҶСȴţҶСûԼʵġ
һ˸һǣ
˭ҹ
ҸղѾ˵ˣ˵̫ˣǵ㹥Ҳ뽫ȼճɻҼһһ̣ҶСӰͳա
һĻʱжһ𣬹ƾŷҶСû񿴵ʵʵ˵ҶСʱ˶ˣҶСû
ô𣿡ħһʥ۷ĸˡ
һʥ۷ĸҡҡͷ˵
ħ¶Ƕףǿռ䶼ܹȼգȴһ¶ûУ⡣һʥ۷ĸ˵¶һĨã֮ɫ
һֵĸоղűħе˸Ͳ
⻰һ˶ü˼Ҳʥ۷ĸ֣ҲûпǿµģҶСǶսĻ֪ԷûУôôս
ܣ㲻ܻţѾȼճޡħʥ۷֣ҶСһ˲䣬һ˳һ¶˲ŵı顣
ܣԱȼճޣûܹ롣૵·ܵ˾޴Ĵһ㡣
һսѾˣѾ߽ˣսȥ̨Ͽյһħʥ۷΢΢һ̾˵
ѾܵӰ죬ôսǿҲʧܣһսʱԼĲǶ֣Լ


1801 
ħ۷ĸֺܲҶСȻû˫Ŀ૵ܣԲܡ
ûʲôܵģסֻҵһѣҲһԸˣһʮֽˣԲԼԲ˽ĹҶС絭Ŀ˵
⻰˲һȻֲҶСһ¶ûУԭղסĲ˼ҵһƷ
ҶС粢еôУԴ෴ǸǳΪƻˣ֣˻ΪѾˡ
ôܣôûзķܡħʥ۷ĸȻ˵
һʧǵӣ˶֪εս׵ĽˣѾɥʧŵˣܹӳԼսأ
ʱͻȻ䣬ʥ۷ĸ֣˫Ŀڹų˫ֲϻپۣɲǼ佫ҶСû
һٴν֯һ룬ҶС档
ҶС磬ΪһܲסĴҲרΪݶѣΪľһȦħУղŻһ߷ôھͳ׵Ļ㡣ħʥ۷ĸֿЦһ˵Ե緢
һĻʵ̫ˣе˶ûзӦȻĿһĻսʵ̫ˣöˣ˾Ķǡ
ΪҶСѾˣ˭֪ҶС羹ȻţħеĲķ˿ħȫʧΪѾʧʱֳ˴תۡ
ԭħʥ۷ĸֳʧ䣬һĻװģרΪҶС磬Ȼϳ֡
һս⣬ƽ˼ۡ
ǰҶСסˣҪıˡ
ϵ˭֪ȻôթϷĹȻá
һ콾ûüˣıסˡ
ħ嶼ڲϵۣЩһҲһ
ǸϼһﻹթǶƭ˹ȥһħʥ۷ĸЦ
ղҲûȥ˼ܹʥ۷ˣ֪˶ĥѣƨһ£ܹʧȥģôܣǴˡһʥ۷ĸ˵
Ӧòʲôⷢ˰ɣ
ħʥ۷ĸֶһȻǶǸϼһﲻôΣҲǺħˣȻܡ
ʮˣɫÿֱЩħ̫թˣȻʹֶΣҲ˵ʲôԷûΥϷ
ҶС磬ҿλôУʥ۷ĸһЦ˵ħѾ֯ĺܺ񣬳׵ĽҶСС
ͺúÿŰɣΪҲ֪װģһħдʮֵ
ߣԲѣ֪ĻΪβܣħʥ۷ĸЦһǳͱӣ·ڱҶС类ħУ˵Ļ
ΪǲأҶСص̾һ
Ļ¡

һ΢𣬽ħ뱻˺˿һֲķâ֮Ƭռֱӱи룬â֮֮ռ侹Ȼݻ˻硣
һħ뱬ըܹħǣʥ۷۵һ£һںںɫѪҺ
ɢȥҶС羲վ˷·һ˵Ĺ塣
һĻħ˴󾪣ҶС羹Ȼƿħ룿ܶ˲һģʵѾ˵һУǲòš
ħʥ۷ĸ˫Ŀ΢΢һ˴ԿһۣǶ˶Էĵĳء
ҶСչʾʵ̫ǿˣǸ赲סǱħУƲҶСȴ׾ٵľƿˣ˵˭ҲҶСĶ֡
ʮԭڳ׵ķ¶һĨ˷ܡ
ôܣôƿҵħ룿ôܣħʥ۷ĸʧ
̫ˣղһһ仰û˵꣬ղ׼˵ħ벢ʵƳ֪ˣҾͲһ٣÷֮ˡҶС΢΢̾һ˵
ҶСĻħʥ۷ĸ֣ĲϺɫǺޱȣԼܵĪ衣
ۡ
ٴһѪȻһЦ
ħмŹ˿ߣΪӵħβƵģû뵽ϬȻܹնϣС㡭
ħʥ۷һĻܶ겻ѡ
װİɣʡ
Ϸݵ̫ˣǸжϲ١
ѵ׼ҶСһ
ΧħЩ˵Ļݵħʥ۷ֶУһЦǵȻʥ۷ĸʧȥţԼǿľѧƽˣȻܵǿĴ


1802 ˸Ӧս
Χ˵ĻҶСսʥ۷ֲһѪθͲװģıģһ£ÿζΪҪʤˣƫƫ˸ת˭ˣɿҶСĻֱ֮
ΪҶСնħ룬һشټܹܵ˸ˡ
ҶС磬ʵߣҳϣҪ䣬븶һĴۡħʥ۷ĸֿҶС˵ĿһĨݶ֮ɫ
ҶС޷ǾҶСˣȻ䣬ǸʱҪһֳ֣ҶС赲Ļˡ
ϣˣҪȻ˻Ϊ㲻ʥ۷ĸ֡ҶС絭һЦ˵
ҶС⻰ħʥдҶСĻѾˣҶСܹնɱô˵ʥ۷ĸʵʥ۷ֱԶˣʵʵڵ衣
ħʥ۷ǿɫѿޱȣɣ
һĳɫľ޴գ·һռȫ֣ΧһЩΪ͵˶оѣѹ޴󣬾Ƭռ䶼Ѿһ㡣
ҶСȻֶ·ûпԷĹһ㣬ʹħʥ۷ڵŭ𣬻ΪݺݵĹ
ۡħʥ۷ĸͻȻɫ䣬һѪҡΣ·Ҫеһ㡣
ոĳһʧȥ֧ȫޡ
ʱҶС綯ˣһ˺ħʥ۷ǰʮ׵ĵطʱ䣬չƬռ䳹׵ˣúħʥ۷ĸݵ˲Ͷˡ
һ̣ҶС绯ΪһնգʧԭأһĨõĹâ
âʧֻħʥ۷ĸѾʧȥԴȻվա
ҶСվڲԶͦΣһµӡ
ۡ
һɺںɫѪӺħʥ۷ֵĲӿʬ¡
ء
ص˱̨ϣѪҺɽΪҡ
һĻ̫ˣΪ˻սһû뵽˲ħʥ۷ĸ־ȻҶСժȥԴ
ֻ˺ħʥ۷ĸԵ޹һѪ漴׹һˣٶȺܿ죬˸ûзӦ
˭Ҳ֪һ˲䷢ʲô顣
ղôˣ׷ʲô飿
֪ףѵҶСʵѾǿĵز
ΪλѾ˵Եʰɣ
ǣҶСʵȷʵǿޱȣѾα֮£һˡ
ħʥ۷Ŀ΢΢һÿж첨ˣǵȻܹħʥ۷ܵƲǺأҶС羹Ȼܹ˲ʱ䶼նɱҪǿĹǿı
ղſʲô𣿡
ĲǺǸϼһ·һ˺ˣһ˲䣬ֱһ̶ΣȻͳˣϬĹֱӽǸϼһԴնն˻ǡ
ҶСȻǿޱȣ˵ĲʵǿޱȣڸδͻǰҲûаսʤˣʱ䣬»½
֪ղŶʹʲôȻ˹죬˷ʤһҪŪҪȻǺħֺͻ󣬻Կ
Ū
˵ɫΪأҶСֳսʵ̫ǿˡ
˼һʱûпסƣȻԴΪܿû뵽ûжܣ˵𣿷ַʽԼ̫ӦˡҶС糤һһ̾˵
Χĺħ󣬶ѪʲôַʽԼնɱĺòã˶˻ܵ裬̫Ӧˡ
ʥ۷ĸֶҶСնɱˣЩħŭ־壬ǺܲúҶСսٻغϣǣȴֲҶСĶ֣Ǹư
ҶСĻʥ۷ĸЦЦ룺С̫ˣ˶ˣŹڮ˼ҵ
Сӣͱװˣ˭֪նɱĸ֣ߡ̲ס˵
ǰװϽȥս
ҶСվգųһŵĺħ֣ɫһһɨ˭һս
ҶСһѹ˵Χкħ˶ֹͣ˵ûһ˻Ӧ
дһ𣿡ҶС罫ĿͶ˺ħʥ۷ĸ֡
ǻˣͲˣĻ˰ɣأһħʥ۷ĸ˵
ȻҲҶСд裬˭֪ҶСʲôֶΣԴֻһ˾Ҳûˡ
һЩֵѰ֮飬ģлᴩȥŻʡдվúܵ


1803 
ȻˣôͽˡҶС¶һ˿ź֮ɫ˵һһӳľ¥¥ϣ۳ɵϡ
ҶС糤һղѸٵĽħʥ۷նɱһʮɵӣʵɣȫʹħʥ۷ĸܵشȻ츳ߵȫ߶̶סΣ񽣣նգһնɱħʥ۷ĸ֡
ȫʩչôǿĹĵĺħʥ۷Ҫսֻܰˡ
ȻôðգƽƽսҲԽħʥ۷ĸնɱǿҪһˣħ˻ᡣ
֮ôѸٹϵնɱһˣΪ˲˿ĵߣصĸоǾͻ׶֡
Ϊʵ˶٣֮ĲܴңҾûܺħʥ۷ĸ֣˵ôϵնɱħˡһʥ۷ĸָ̾һ˵ҶСĿдһ˿Ĺ
ҿǰħ壬ҪǻˣºǰһᱻնɱΪŻĲϡ
ǽҶС翴˺ԼͬһˣҶСѸٵնɱһʵǿޱȵĺħʥ۷ֺжҶСһ˿ĹΪҶСѾǸһˣοҶСᣬ˭֪Ժ߶Զ
˶֪ҶСĺܴ󣬻ΪҶСûöһ
ЩӦģϾ˵ĸҶСЦЦ˵һǫӡ
ҶСӣиǶҶСа˾һҪҶС磬߸ҶСҲһѡ
ħʥ۷ĸֱնɱħ˴ǿҵĴʥ۷ĴڣҲһĸ֣ǳȥαֺһԵĴ⣬Ϊǿˡ
һʥ۷ĸֶǾ޴ʧҪôһ֣ҪѺܳʱ䣬дԴͬʱҪдӼ
ܹʥ۷ĴжôħһܲܵǿҵĴ
ʱͻȻ䣬ħһһŮԸַ˱̨ϡ
Ŀһɨһۻʮһ֣˵˿ʥڸ֣ǰд衣
ߣΪߵľʥڣħһӾһ׼սһΪߵһˣһѵε档
һΪߵ˱նɱˣôӰҲǾ޴ġ
ΪﵽʥڵϹӿ˿̨ϵ˿׼ȥһս
ͻȻ䡣
¡
һ죬Ƭضݺеһ㣬ӵ£дһЩ˶Щվȡ
ҿһֽķݱȽϽʵҪȻ˵ᵹ
ʲô
ʲôˣʱôһֱ
ħкܶɻʵǶ֪ʲô顣
ҶСҲһɻ̽Ҫ鿴׷ʲô飬ķΧһⲻɵ˲ɡ
һħʥ۷Ĵɫһ䣬Ϊһźʧˡ
ʣһնվգ˵ղŵشҶ˰ɣɭֵʲôǿޣͲʺϱˣȴںͻһԡ
˵ţĿͶҶС磬¶һ˿ǸЦ⣬ǸǺħǳʲô£ȱȺдˣȵһʱԻǰһʱ䣬ϣĵĸλܹĵĴϾǺħЩطҲ⹫һˣʲôصĺǿɾͲˡ
Ǻǣһֱȴǣǽ꣬ϾⶼС¡ҶСЦЦ˵
л¡ħʥ۷ֺܿ˵
˿Χܶĺħˣ˵ɢ˰ɣȵͻһдʱȻ˭ԸǰȥսҲֹǱ׼
ħʥ۷ĸֿһҶС磬Ȼ뿪ˡ
ħĸֶ뿪󣬱̨Χĺħ˷׷ȥղħʥ۷Ѿ˵ˣûǵտǰȥս붼һҲûɵǰȥսˡ
ҵһս˿һϹ˵Ȼ뿪ˡ
תۼ䣬ֻʣ˻һʮˡ
ᣬú죬ħһֵսѾʶˣŬԼսҶС翴Żһʮ˵


1804 ǰȥ鿴
ҶСһ˻صľ¥󣬱Խ˸Եķ䣬ҶСץһʱָԼڵ壬ʲôʱ򣬶Ҫ۷״̬Էʲôʡ
ոս״̬ûжãʥ۷ĸ־ǰѰҶС硣
λǰʲô£˽ҶСֱӿʵҪûйϹ
ҶղҲˣԴʲôһʥ۷ĸֿҶСʵ
֪ӦǷʲôҪ飬ҪȻҲ˽뿪ǵϿֻкһ֪ʲô飬ǣںħǼһǸܣڵʲô飬Ͳ²ˡҶС˵
ʥ۷ֵ뿪ͿԿ˼ΪҪ顣
Ҷȥ鿴һ£ʲô顣һʥ۷ĸ˵һ˿ĺ档
ǵ뷨ҶСҲܹһ鿴ħоʲôܣ˵ܹһ¡
ڴ񣬺µӣҶС˵ͷðɣȥɣһҪСĵ㣬Ǻħ½
ҶСصĸȻǹںħʲôܣ·һɭϣҪע⣬ҪȻʲô飬Ͳˡ
ţһСĵġ˵ͷ뿪
뿪ҶС˳˼Уħе׷ʲô飬ΧЩ˵Ŀó𶯳֣Ҳ֪ʲô顣
Ҳһ˿ĺ棬Ϊûлָ۷״̬ȥ鿴
ˣˣȽΪָ˵ҶС뵽ܿ״̬
ħ½ӣŨңǾѵϵȫӿڣΧ˸Ͳĳ֣Ϊһص࣬ר͵Ĺ
Сʱʱ䣬ҶС˫ĿһѾȫָ۷壬Ȼûпͨڰ˲Ĵţ·ȷһЩһ㡣
ɢҶС翴һʮ˶ۼľ¥һĿУ໥֮佻̸ţ໥̸Ÿղŵ顣
ҶС֣ҶСʱʮ˶ĽһҶ
ħһֵսǿҪСģ˽Щ⣬»иΪǿ˴ڣκħ֮кΣաҶС翴ʮ˵
סͬ˵
սʤ˿ĺħһ𣿡ҶС翴ϹʵʱҶС粢ϹгԹ
УҸұ֤һȥ޻ءϹ˵ԥһ£ҶС˵ղ췢ʱҸоһֻɽϢʮֵĿ񱩣ǲ֪ǲлɽˡ
ǾͲҪܣĵǣ飬Ǵʲôĵطʱңҿ໥ҶС翴˵
ҶСĻжһ֪һܺõĻᣬҶСܹڶʱڴﵽʥ۷Ȼ֮ҲѧѧҶСľ顣
ʱ򣬻ʥ۷ĸѾɳ˽ľ룬Ĵ鿴ʲô顣
һƬأϡɵһЩ͸µľʮֵĻԶһɽȺЩɽϣݲЩɽϻðź̡
û뵽ħ½ϣӴĻɽȺټһʥ۷ĸָ̾һ˵
˵ˣĿģղһΪˣǽһƬɽУѵղŷƬɽвɣʥ۷ĸ˵
пܣǽȥ֪ˡ
Сĵ㣬Ҹо˺ܶǿϢĸֲ
գٶȷŵļ´ݾڼ䣬Ƕûжȥ鿴Ŀȥ
쿴ǰһ޴Ļɽ޵֣ȥɣ˺ܾãͻȻ䣬һ˵ĿĶԶһ޴Ļɽ˵
ߡ
ûö೤ʱ䣬˱㽵˻ɽڣȻǶգԷֹʲô鷳
˻ɽں˲ûżŽ룬ϸĲ鿴Ƭ̺໥һۡ
оһǶеֲޱȵϢкִܶڡ
оˣ˼ǣ
Ҿ˷ֿɣҪȻǶôȥˣȫϣʱ˭Ϊͨ籨أһ˵
ֿôֿѵһţʱ׼Ӧһ˽룿һɻʵ
ֻȫģһܱá
ðɣţȥ
Уţȥ㻹ᣬɾͱȻ֮ϣֻҪŬȻͻǸ磬ңһӾˣȫǸŻԣ£ˡʥ۷ĸĶԷļ˵Ȼӻɽڽ롣
˻ɽڵʥ۷ףһ·ƽ


1805 Σ
ڸ򣬸ԴҪзһЩѰ˿ĶƩ磬ģЩɲеһӾˣе˾Ϊû˳Щ·УЩ·֮оصĹûȥնϹ򣬸ıĹʱ򣬾ֻܹ˳Ӧһָ򡭡
ľ¥УҶСں̽⣬Ƕ໥˵Լļ⣬ȻԼ໥֤ѧ
ȻһЩʵͣǶڹĸȴȽ̣໥̽УõȵȶŬš
˿̵ҶСǲ֪ʥ۷ĸִʱѾ˾ķ̽ԭ
ĸСʱʱ䣬ǶջĶ֪࣬ʶʱоʱü죬תۼĸСʱ
ôûлҶСüȫչУûǵټ
ѵʲôΣգܣʲô鷳Ҳû˿ĶǵΪֻҪע⣬СĽǴ򲻶ԷҲûʲô⡣롣
ҶôˣҶСüӣϹʵ
ղŵһ֮Ĺϵһ֣ȸտʼʱöˡ
ǰǰȥ鿴ԭȥˣڻûлЩ֣ϸоӦòǺԶҶС˵
ҪȥϹ˵
ǣˣһĽ˺ħĻ֮أ˼ҾնɱˣʱҲͳ˻ĵˡҶСҡҡͷͲͬһǰȥ
ڣʵǱϸС˺ܶ౶Ȧһֻӣתš
Ŭⲻǵĵ飬šҶС翴ʮЦЦһʧˣһεˡ
ľ¥¥ϣҶС羲վܵΧڣЩûбֳһ˿쳣ôô
ԲǧķΧһһľӲҶС鿴˺ܾãȻûв鿴ʲô
Ҳȥ鿴鿴ǻһҪ˿أҪȻʲôˣ΢΢һ̾ȴš
һСʱͻȻ䣬ҶСĿһһӰķΧھٶȼ졣
ϸ鿴鿴ӰʱɫȻһ䣬һץǰĿռ΢΢۳ɵĴֱӴԽա
ʱҶСλһǧĵطһʥ۷֣Զȥȥķ򲢲ҶСڵСľݣķǺҶСˡ
ղŵһĻľޱȡ
˵ȴһʥ۷ĸֽ˻ɽڡ
Ȱȣ˺ܳʱ䣬ͻȻо·𱬷˿µбһֲõԤУûȻĵȴš
ܾúһɿ񱩵ӻɽڱŷ֮ͬʱĻһӰһӰǻʥ۷ĴڣʱǱޱȣ嶼ޱȣѪаɭɭĹͷ¶˳
ʥ۷ǰ׼뿪
˭֪ʥ۷ĸɫһ䣬ƴȫһ
ûз֮µֱӱķ˳ȥʱߴһ仰Ͻ뿪Ͻ뿪һҪеĶҶ
ʱſжһ򣬾׼˵ʲôʱһޱȵĹâӻɽڱŷƬռֱӱ仯Ϊ˻磬ޱȣʥ۷ĸʧͷûʣ¡
һĻ׵סˣһ뵽ʥ۷ֵĶϽԽռ䣬뿪Ƭط
ֱȥľ¥ǱߣǺ¸һѣȥķ
ղŵ׷ʲô飬ǵʲôһǰУһ뵽ղʥ۷һķҲҪ
ͻȻ䣬ǰУһֻ֣ݺݵץ
һĻɫһ䣬ո׼ʱ򣬶߳һҪҴ뿪
һһȻޱȣȻóҶСҶС᲻鷳ȻҪġ
ûзһµƬռʧ
Ӧʱ򣬿ԼѾľ¥ĿУһĸֶڡ
ҶСӰ֣Ŀһɨ˵Ͻãװ̽ӣһˡ
Ҳ֪˹ؼʱ̣һӣҶСȹĻʥ۷Ҳһ
㣬šʥ۷ĸָҶСݹһǺı¶ˣЩħҪϣǾ̫Բȥʥ۷ˡ
ҶС˹ȥйâһӡȻ˴ָС


1806 ˭α
ҶСոսսָУһǿƱ£Ƭռڣ磬ľ¥ҡΣһͿҪӡ
ô£ҶСװһɻӣվ߳ľ¥ʮһֺʥ۷ĸָҶС󣬵ʲô鶼ûз
߳ľ¥󣬾ͿһƬƹ·һ꼴һ㡣
ಡٽһӰվգЩУʮʥصĸ֣˶ʥصĴڣһź⣬͸¶Ѫ֮
ףʲôɱڵģǲΪնɱǺħһʥ۷ĸ֣ǲ׼ȺЭϵݡҶС˫ĿбųĹâϰٺˣʵ
ʣһռסЩħֶһһо֪ҶСܲöԸ
Ҷ˵ЦˣЭϵݣȻûΪղ͵ǺħҪĶһ˱ǻɱˣһڵķ˹֪ûмǸˣ˵һʥ۷ĴڣǲǰҴȥĺħʥ۷еһˡ
ʲô֣ǸûмԴӱԽ󣬼ǺħһսˣΨȥܹǺħһ־ˣǱһϵ⣬˭֪ո۵ؼʱǱɱڵǰʲô˼ҶСʵ
ҶСĻʥ۷ݺݵҶСһ٣ҶСһģû뵽Ū˰쵹ǸҶС罻ƵѪ
Ȼղû˾ǻĵĸ֣ǣýֺͷܹ³ϧûκε֤ݡ
˼ǣǸղĿһǸ˵ΪΨ˺ǵİΣϽǰħʥ۷һҲ˵üΪαµģƫƫ˵ΪҶС롣
ʱҶСħʥ۷ĸһһαھͿ˭α˭Ҫ
ͻȻ䣬ħʥ۷ĸĿһƳҶСһʵҶҼǵʱˣ֪һʥ۷ȥ
ĶҶС磬ҶСһĴǾɶҶСֱʻɣˡ
ʱкħ˵ĿⶼͶҶС磬һεѹγɡ
ҶСɫɣü˿˵лѣҪѣҲ㶼ǻȱһ֣ǰ˵ħһЩϽζʹȥժˣѾôʱˣûлҲ֪ǲʲô鷳ˣ
ˣûмҶС罫ĿͶЩħˡ
ҶСĻħʥ۷ĸǸ¶ܹƵѹû뵽ҶС羹Ȼôû˵ûмô
ʱҶСĿͻȻһƺź⣬һӶźħЩ֡
ˣòǰɣǻֵΪޣҲܹڶôʱ仹ûлòʲôֽŰɣҳڲǰıУնɱǺħһʥ۷ĸ֣һʱûסƣҲܹôǻĸְΪǺħ¹󣬵ڣҿһȺɵСˡҶСһŭӶЩħ˵
һ̣˶ˣǺħˣǻʮһ֣˭Ҳû뵽ҶС羹Ȼ˵Ļһת
ǻ˷Ӧ죬ȻҶСҪϷǾݵһ㣬Ҳһ¶˷ŭɫźħˡ
ƨɶ࣬ǲǱɵСˣǸûʲôֽšһħʥغڵĸֿ
˭Ǻħĵ̣ǻʵǲɼʹҲôʱ䣬϶Ѿ⵽˲⣬Ǹղ˵͵ǺħҪĶҾͲĶΧûкħػ㲻Ҫ˵ǺħĸҪĶزסҿǾǴǵ鷳͵͵նɱǵˣһŵĽǵ鷳Ǻħȷʵţ±һһὫ´ȥ嶼֪ǺħһȺʲôˡ
ҶСһ˵ȻҲʲô©
ҶСĻħʥ۷иоޱȣǻ͵͵ǵҪط˲ÿĶǰ׷ڷ˼һҧסˣؼ֪ôڡ
ѵҪ˵ǺħûпסǼⲻԼԼ


1807 ֮
ҶСԴ̫Ϭˣǻ𾪣ħҲǼΪ𾪣һ̼䣬һֽҶСվǲܵġ
ǻѾȷ˾ǻˣûʲô֤ݣץҪץ࣬ϧˡ
ΪôһǰܹҶС縶һۣû뵽ԷȵҪһ˵
׽ĹȻͬڲû˵һǶҶС˼Խ¶æҲ֪ô졣
ԺǧۣҪȻԿĻԼǶһע⡣
ħ˸ŭޱȣƫƫȴ֪ôȥ
ǸҶˣȻ⣬ǾͲˣǻֵ飬һȥ鿴šħʥ۷ĸҧʮֱ˵
ϣܹ콫²ϾǻľֻһĸߺһʧֻʣһһսĻǾûˡҶСʮ˵
ҶСĻħʥ۷ĸǿסҶСĳ嶯еŭ˵ȻҲ֣ǺħͲɳһֺһս
ҶСղ˵ֻȻ֪ҶСĴ㣬ҶС˵ҪȻ˭֪ҶСбųʲôĻ
л£ǵѴҲǵѴҾͲŸλ׷ˡҶСǺһЦ˵Ȼ߽ľ¥Уʮһ˺ĿҶС磬ȻҲ˽ȥ
Ǳһһսû뵽ȻҶСͻˣһռ˱ˡ
ħһˣĿǸҪܵص߽ľ¥󣬶޶ԡ
ߡħʥ۷ĸ֣ƵĿһǶľ¥Ȼһ仰Զȥ
ʱԽľ¥Խǲ˳ۣȥֱӲܡ
ħһһٶھҶСһǧ߰ٶ๫ĵطͣÿ϶Ƿŭ֮ɫǸоǱϺݺݵĴ˼ơ
ʦڵȥֻͷ뿪Ǿ̫ûˣ⻹ǵϣǻûдƫƫҶС˵ģǵǳ˻ˣҶСһ˳ܺߣǸư޷ݡ
ϣǼǾô˲ɣһħʥسڵĸһ֮ɫ˵
ôˡܹôмûܹ˵ĹѵҪôȥնɱ˲ɣħʥ۷ĸû˵
ħʥسڵĸִȻ˵ֻҪһ仰ҾԻֽȫնɱ
⻰ħʥ۷ֶʱˣֱŤͷƿڴѵ֪ǼѾǩЭ飬ѵǺħ岻ɣοܹץסҶС磿
ͷһٺ󣬺ħʥ۷ֶʱ̹˲٣·˺ܿ죬ֲǸСӸղŸʹɫɫģԭ˺ôˬ졣
УܹǸСѧһ߰ĺħһͼܹȵģ˵ǸСӻһףȻܹڵ˵ɰ׵ġ
һٺħʥسڵĸֵԴһ֪˵ӣ룺֪㳯ԼϷйʲôб£㳯ҶС緢йȥ㵽ҶСǰƨҷһ¡
Ȼⲻе뷨뷨ǾԲ˵ġ
˺ܾúħʥ۷ĸֶûһʲôܹҶСİ취ֻա
ղĸǲǶǵĺħܵأͻȻ䣬ħʥ۷ĸѯʵ
ǣֻһ˽ˣһ˻棬ҪȻ˾Զܲˡһʥغڵĺħֹ˵
ô˵ǻ֪ܵеĶ
ǡ
ħʥ۷ĸ˵̫ˣΪǺħĵ̣˾Բҽ룬ӽ쿪ʼǱһҪ߾裬ԲܹĶй¶ȥ
ǡ
߰ɣħʥ۷ĸ˵һ䣬Զȥ
ǲ֪˵ȫҶСˡ
ǸղžʹҶСΧڣҶСΧڣκη紵ݶҶС綼֪ˣǾ뵱ڵҶС˵Щ
ѵħ廹ʲô޴ܲɣҶСͬʱҪȥ鿴˼
Ҷʱһ𣬽ҶСǻʥ۷ĸ֡


1808 һĻ
ţʥ۷ֵĽҶСʱŻعĿͶʥ۷ĸ֣Ǹղŵײ鿴ʲô
ָղűȻ鿴˺ħеĴܣҪȻҲᱻ׷ɱſڣҪǽһƵϣһҪܴĴۡ
ʥ۷ĸֽǲ鿴·ߺͷȫҶС硣
˶üͷ˼鷢硣
ǸɽбȻҪܣղǵʱ򣬵¾еĻԪغܲɵĲ֪Ǹɽзʲô顣Ϲ˵
ҶС룬һͷָǿŹʱС
ȥʥظ۳ļֹ򣬶˺ʱ۹Ѿű֮ˣҪȻ϶ֹ
ĹâɢҶС罫ӡ⿪һУǿŹʱ˲õĹâ
ʧȫɹâ۳ɵĺͼչƬա
һǵӰһ㲥ŵĻʱ˶סˣһ𾪵ӣ˫Ŀɵϴ󣬷·ǿʲô˼Ļһ㡣
һĿռ䣬ƴޱȣռ䶼ѤõĻɫΪ׳ۡ
ɫĵ棬ܼĳҽγҽ£ÿռ䶼Ť
ЩҽγɵĺܱߣһҾ޴սгһţϰңЩս޴ޱȣÿһҶǧɳߴϰףΪɫǸ޴Ϊ̵Ľ׳ޱȡ
˳ԾЩսϵһ·Щ·Ͳǿ̻ɵģһЩ·ȻǶ˴ϣЩ⣬սƺЩޱȣһ֪޴
ЩսޱȣսȻЩսûȻɢļµĲ
ЩѾõս⣬ЩҽγɵĺУкܶڶǿϣЩҽΧ󷨣󷨵֮£Щš
ʲôϣж̺ʣΪЩʵԭ򣬾Ӱ쵽Щϵǿȡ
ڸµĶ£ȥЩʣҲܹЩϵϸ΢ŲΪΪǿĲϣ̼ԭŲγ˽ʯһ㡣
ֻչЩչ󣬱ʧˡ
ʱľ¥ĿУ˶ס˺ţ·ڻһĻĻĳ
û뵽ħ徹ȻϹսǰνǻģսĻǸ͵ֵסѾħˡʥ۷ĸָ̾һ˵һĳأǼɵͿֻš
ϹսҶСɻĿʥ۷˵
սҲǴȥʱ÷ܿǸͼֽսսǹģǿ϶ղս޷ȡ
˵ղЩսǸ޽ĻľǶ̵սûһΡ
ʱǰڣһõǸǻе˺ܶǿĶܹСкеսзܣ޿ܵȵȸָսþߣʱԻͶʢʱЩսȵȫ̭ˣΪǵֵסǿһƣЩҲʧˣû뵽ħ徹Ȼս죬˳Ծʥ۷ĸ˫ĿԶ·ʱĳУǻԻͲõ¡
Żʥ۷ֵĻ˷·𿴵˺Ĵϣǿһսգƺƺơ
սжҶСʵҲΪħʵЩĸ֣û뵽ħ徹Ȼս
жҲ˵ʥ۷ĸҡҡͷ΢΢˼һ˵ս޴ޱȣܹ֣սͨƣܹ˵Ĺһ𣬲ùΪǿ⼸ԺѵѾõ֮⣬սй˵սУӵһң˵дһսĽ
ҶСĸǳã¶ɻ֮ɫû뵽ħ徹Ȼ֪ǰνΪûжЩսǶõĻǻģ¾඼
ڻʥ۷ĸļпҴжһУǸͲּǿܹġ
վսǰоվ˾ǰûпɱԡ


1809 ƼǱ
˼һʥ۷ĸֻ˵׼ãοЩƲ࣬Ǿ಻ֵöЩһԭ򣬿ΪҲʲôƣǲ׶ó
ҶС˵ͷΪȻ漴Цһ£嶼еƵĻ¾ֻСˡ
ħսǿޱȣսǺɨһУûʲôܹ赲ǳЩǿޱȵĸ֣ܹúħ˼ɵģĵҲԲ
ҲȻѵʲôʱʥ۷ĸ˵
ҶС΢΢һ漴¶һĨ⣬ƼʱƼȷʵκһߡ
˵üͷ
ĿƼչ̶ȣԶԶܹȡ
ҶСĻʥ۷ĸЦЦ˵ڲܹȣܹԺܹȣԴ¿Ƽһʱ䣬෢չ˶٣һʱ䣬ĿƼδܹһµĸ߶ȣ˵Щսװ׳ܹͶս
ҲǣԴ˹ҵ඼˿ƼٷչĽ׶Σĳ֣ĳֵȵȡ
Ǽĳ֣Ǳ־˸߿Ƽ׶Σ߳һָչĹ
һʱ䣬ͷչˮƽ˭֪󣬿Ƽᷢչʲô磬ֱ붼롣
ǰеǱڿƼ棬޷ģĿǰ˵ǻȱʱ䣬ʱԣǵĿƼչȷʵ壬һʱǻ΢Ҫ͵һ㣬ܹһƽ⡣ҶС˵
ǻܶ˶ߣºܶ˶ڿƼѾȤˣ취Ļò˶೤ʱ䣬ƼͻͣͲǰһ޴ӲˡԶԼĽ顣
ȷʵˣһʼղܹã˴ʱ䣬ûйȥƼˣȥȷʵ⣬ʱ䣬ǻģʱһ취ʥ۷ĸüͷ΢˵
ǵĵûеϾѾʼˣûǸ˲õĻţҪøãôҪ㹻ʵ˶׷ʵ˭ȥпƼһܴ⣬ҪЩ˲ṩһЩ
һĵ˺ħսϡ
ӸղǷͼϿħսȷʵǿޱȣܹõһҵĻܹõͼֽḶ́˵ҲսǿԽƼںϽȥΪһ͵սʥ۷ĸ˵
˶٣ҶС˵ҶǵİΣͽˣȥƬɽв鿴һȡܹ鿴õĶ
ʥ۷ֵʮ棬Ҳʮ࣬˭˵˽ԶԶŽᣬʱſЩ˶ڴǶôĿأԸԼգԼҲҪȡһᡣ
ȥɣϴȥˣ֣˵ǵ֮οѾݾߣǸոһɽƬشͻץסҵˮƽǾԲῴƣɹļʸ󡣡ҶС翴Żʥ۷ĸ˵
˭ȥ˭㲻ܹȥѵ㲻֪ǻĵҪԣӹŵмܹԲʮ֮ﵽʥ۷壿ʱ䣬ɳһµĵزҲΪֻ֮żɵĵزֻҪڣţǻľԲԶɹħЩֵʳңʲ㡢ս㣬ԺҲûߵԶֻȥ鿴õѡ񡣡ʥ۷ĸֺܼᶨ˵
ϣҶСôһ׿׿ҶСȥˣôһ޴ʧҪ֪һ׿׿콾֣ҪĸʰһһˣҶСðա
ȥֻȥ㣬ķˣа𣿡ҶС翴ʥ۷ĸʵ
ҡ
㲻ûش𣬴Ѿ֪ˣ϶ûаѣ˵ʥ۷ĸޣȥ飬ƫƫȥ˵ⲻȥ𣿡ҶС綢ŶԷ˵
㿴ҵ֮˵ţҶСӰͻȻʧˣ·ȫɢƬռ䡣
ҶСʧʮһֲһӦ˹ǸϽ鿴ҶСټô鿴鿴ûһ˿Ҳû˼ζ·ҶСѾȫʧƬռ䡣


1810 ƲϢ
ȫ鿴ҶСκټһҲͰˣʥ۷ĸ𶯲ѣ˵ҶСڰУһĻ㲻
ʱҶСͻأ֣һ˿׶ûУ˷Ӧ
ôҵˮƽ԰ɣҶС翴Żʥ۷ĸ˵
Ҷҳˮƽǿ󣬵һϣòҪȥΣ̫ˣΪŪħսͼֽ취ȥͲ㡣ʥ۷ĸȰ˵ҲΪҶСãҶСðգԷ⡣
ҪҶСϢ˻ȥ֪Ķ˷ŭҲ֪Ļжʧȥģڻ˵һصĴ
ңǾԲֵᷢģǷˣҲаѡҶСЦЦһŵ˵
ҶСƾľת컻ش󷨣κˣб𲻳
ҶСȰǶ֪ҶСѾע⣬ôȰ˵¶ԸıҶСľˡ
ȻˣҲǿˣһҪСģǧҪǿԼ⣬ùһʱȥʥ۷ĸһ֮ɫĿҶС˵
Ҳ֪ҶСȽأûаգǲȥģȻҶСᣬ̶ȲȥЩǧϹŶ
ģ⼸ǲȥҪŪ֪֪ҶСЦЦ
ҶС˻شʥ۷ĸ֣һģҪȻôὫҶС赲ס
ΪҶСѾĲԼˣģ˵˳˻һġ
һ󣬸Ա㷵Լķղ̸ĵã˶һջȲĽ뽫ղŵõĵñΪԼĶԼս
ҶСصԼķ󣬱ŸղŴӼչֵĻУһС
ڻУ˻ֺƴĻɽ¿ռĳĲϵĲ϶죬һЩЩ͡
ȻħûĿƼǻΪͷԵģսˮ߲ܹһ
Ҫ϶ΪͽʵսϣҪ¶ȼãѰĻɽûǸ¶ȣڴȻһĻɽҽУһЩΪǿ˶ϴ裬Ǹɽ¿ռȴû˸ң˵һȥͳ˻ҽ
ҶСŸôǸµʱͻȻ䣬һŲӽŲҶСѾܹжϳ˭ˡ
ˡ
һ漴һʹ˽ҶҪҪ㡣
ɣҶСһ֣ľŴ򿪡
ϹӵӰſڣ˽ֱվ·һ˱ǹ
ʲôҪ飿ҶСɻѯʵ
Ϲ΢΢ԥһ£˵ҶȥһҪСģǰʱҸоһɿµϢϢΪֲ϶ûϢҲ־塣
һǿĿϢҶСüʵ
ǣҵĹȫһ㣬ɽڴĳǿĶϹ˵Լжϡ
ҶС˼һĵĸмĿϹ˵лѣһעġ
ȻϹȷʵìܣǴϹһ㣬ֵĿ࿴
ϹôԶӰ죬߳һԼ·ˣɾҲǿµġ
ҶСһϹӱ뿪ˡ
ҶСϸϹ˵ĻʱҶСûиоʲôϹȴоˣǻԵĹ˶ڻԪؼΪУȻ˿µϢ˵ɽڲʲôԼΪǿĶ
һܾͺǸصĻǿйأҪȻڱԵʱ򣬺ħʥ۷ĸ֣ɫͻȻһ䣿Ȼֹ֮Ҵææȥһʲô⡣
ľ¥дƬ̣ҶСûԼ٣ȻڷԲǧķΧڣй
ȻƬɽش·̣ô˵ɽеһЩΧһЩħ˵֪
Ҳ֪׳ʲô飿һʱÿͻ־
ǴӵصģҲ֪µʲô
꣬С㣬ҪЩˣҪȻⲻһٺᡣ
浹ùҲ֪ʲô飬ЩȨƵĳǾȻЩ価ɻ󡣡
ǰЩ˵ĿǲĻͻܵͷ
ҶСߵĹУȫչһƬƬΧڣЩħ۵Ϣ
ЩϢвƶϳħɽȷʵʲôµҪ


1811 Ϊħ
ںħԱ̨ΪģԲǧķΧڣйһҶС㷵ľ¥
ɽƬɽУһׯ¡Ĺա
Уħһʥ۷ĸںϣһĿӣ·ڳ˼ʲôڳ˯
ಡһӰͻأ˴Уһħʥڵĸ֡
ϡħʥڵĸֹŵֹĽ
ϣʥ۷ĸֻ˫Ŀƽޱȣ·һͨ˵۾һ㡣
ʲôϢ
ϣûʲôҪϢڱ̨Ĵ߶һ£ûʲôı仯ҲûкǺħ˵ʥڵĸɫȻޱȣͲᷳ
Ŷʥ۷ĸ¶֮ɫ룬˵ȻȻעжһҪע۲죬ʲôҪĻǰ⣬òҪ֡
ǳϡʥڵĺħֹ˵һ䣬Ȼ󻺻߳˴
ħ뿪ʥ۷ĸüѵһ㶼ɻ𣿡
仰˵꣬ʮӵʱâԸôһֱȥҪȻ
û˵꣬˷·Ϊһһ㣬ʧˡ
죬ħûսһ֣ҶСÿһȥһΣںħ½һеӡ
ʱ䣬һֱӣйɣ죬ҶСոջصľ¥󣬿ռ΢΢һʧˡ
ľ¥󲢲ôԶһֱעҶСһʥڸ˿֪һ
ħϲһƬɽȺһɽ಻ϣܶ඼ðẓ́һƬ죬һʮֻߵĸо
ǻʥ۷ֲ鿴ĵط
ʱһƬɽشǧĵطһʥ۷Ƭɽشնɡ
ôңܹùģһһҪӮ䣬ѾǾŴˣһξʹ˼¼¼ҾԲܹơһǰУһ
һ˿Ĳһ˿ҹ
ͻȻ䣬ûκεףǰĿռ΢΢Ӱ˲ʧ
Ӱʧ˲䣬һһģһӰͬòĸֳǰĿռ䡣
ͻȻ䴩Խռǰнһ·һ㡣
ʱħѾԭˣҶСʩչת컻ش󷨺󣬱ɵħʥ۷֡
⼸й䣬ҶСĿģһѰһܹƬɽɽеĺħˣһΪ԰мˡ
໹壬һ˼άԣҶСѾܶ챣ˣҶСͻȻʧΪҶСľ¥Ϣⲻ֪ҶСѾһħʥ۷ĸ֣׼ɽС
ҶСٶȷ˼֣һ˿εĹâ˭Ҳ
һҶСһڳ
ҫڣʥ۷Ϊڻ澳ʮҶڸϹҶС
ڸղǰеĹУҶСֱӶȡ˶Էļ䣬֪һе飬Ȼħʥ۷ĸѾˡ
ҫڵļе֪Ǹ޴Ļɽɽħ彨һ澳죬Уһаʮ˸ҶħָʮҶвϹ
һˣҪӺħԶĲֿнһЩϴȻӹΪЧʣǱɳһȥֿҪϣ˰ĵĹ
ȥֿҪ²һõĲ£ΪҪӾ޴ޱȵĲֿѡҪĲϣһǳ鷳Ḷ́ʱûһֲϣҪһʱڣԼѰֲϡ
ĹûϲǱһСϷ˵ľͻĹҫѾ˾ŴΣУҵһˣ˾ŴΣѾһ¼ˣûܹƣҫһΣôͻ¼
ҶСȫȡҫڵļ䣬ϰԣ˵µķʽԸȵȶһܺõ˽⡣ϾΪҫڣȥ˽һУҪȻͻᱻ˻ɣȻڿܻӰ쵽Ĳ鿴
ոսƬɽɽҶСоһɨ·ڲ鿴һ㡣
һһɨȥˣŴȥòϣҫڵӣѾǸЩԺУҫڣ澳еԼˣҲ˵ʲô
û˿ҶС͸һѧҫնɵӣװһƵı飬һ޴Ļɽжȥ


1812 ƬϷ
Ȼӻʥ۷ֿе֪Ƭɽشε׳ۣҶСлûǸƬ󣬲Ÿܵɽĺƴΰ
ƬһƬɫɫɽһÿһɽΰޱȣڲҽ·ʱҪŷһ㣬Щɽ嶥һ̹η
ҶС籣Σһ޴Ļɽжȥ
ҫϰһɵɽʱܿ˿ƺڿû˸١
Ƭ̣ҶСһԾһӴӻɽȥ
ɽڼΪֱͬһѣԽ£ھԽǿ·һĿףֻܹһɫС㣬֪ɽж
һɽľھͽ澳졣
ε䣬һͨ˻ɽϣЩͨڲЩսľ޴ռ䣬һͨ浽棬ֱһŵʮ˺š
ҶС罵䵽˻澳ʮҶһΥȻԭıŶʮҶȥ
˶ʮҶҶС㳹׵չΣٶͷŵʥ۷Ǹٶȡ
ҶѣҶС㱼ӵʱ䣬ͻȻ䣬ǰȻʣһ޴ޱȵĿռ䣬һƬɫ·һƬһ㣬¶ȼߣʥĸ֣һͻȼճΪҽ
ռڲϵŤζ龰޹ģʱռָʱֳǸӡ
Ƭռзֳ˶֣ЩУһѶŸָĹϾˮҵ
ҫڵļ䣬ҶС˱ָɵһƬռУոս˵ʱ򣬺ħһҶСк
ҫڣһˡ
ףܹҵļ¼Ǹʱˡ
뿴һΡ
Ƕ죬Ҫôֻ˵һξǡ
У˶һֻΨ²ҵӣֻһΪҶС˵һͷеĹһԲ
ȥġҶСûĵһۣȻϵĴָȡһɫʯ̨ϣָСĶרװֲϡ
ҪٴһΣ´˭ȥҪϣһħֿ˺ٺһЦ˵
ͬ⡣
Ҳͬ⡣
˶ͬˣˣˣӶϷʼħĸֺٺһЦ˵·Ҫĳ˵Цȫ˵ͷĺħֺˡ
ħһһöƤĿƬͳǵУһһٶʮŵĿƬƣϿ̻ޣʵǿͬһ޵ĿƬ
һַǳ˼ĿƬϷ
磬ƬУʵǿǣϡħáǡ챪󡢺ħˡ
ʮſƬƵĻϣʮſƬƵħãʮſƬƵĺǣſƬƵķ챪ſƬƵ󣼶ſƬƵĺħˡ
Ҳ˵ЩȺһϵʵȵġ
һħÿƬƵʵܹԸŻϿƬƵʵŻϿƬƾ͵ĻϾܹԵһħÿƬƵħãζһġ
ϺħıĲ࣬Ҳ˵һħǿԳԵŻϣŻϿԳԵһħǣǲŻ϶ԸһħǵĿƬ
Щ޿ƬƵʵǰĲġ
淨ǣһٶʮҳһһǣȻһ˳һһ߿Ƭͺ˿һģһ
ЩƬƣƽķֵÿУʱǸǿƬƵȳһűǻϣֻһţ˭ûܹԵĿƬʱٴγƣֻܹһš
Ϸ˭ĿƬȳ꣬˭Ӯˡ
ϷҶСҫڵļУѾ֪ˣǱ㿪ʼƬϷ
ֿƬ϶̻󷨣˭޷鿴Ƭͼ
ϷĲм㿨ƬƵȷνһּΪиǻ۵Ϸ
һ߾֣߾У˭࣬´ȥòϾ˭ˡ
һ֣ҶС粻Ϥ淨ԭ򣬳˵ӮңȻû䣬ڶҲǵӮңУҶСÿζǵһӮҡ
ûö೤ʱ䣬߾ֿƬϷͽˣղŽ׵һħ֡
˺ħһƵӣӣ˶Ц
ҶСܿҫɫУҶУħֶľô˽⣬ҶСҪ˽Ķϵõ𰸡
һ߽ЩƳɸָ״ҶСһߵȴźħѲӸֵĵ
ЩѲӸÿһʱͻҶΪܸߣҲһȨƣӦ֪һЩ顣


1813 ٴɱ
ħһЩֶһģҶСǿ׳һ»׾١
ϾҶСʱҫڣǾԼˣһûУףҶСʹ̽ľ
Щˣڻ澳ǲܹܵģֻܹԼڵҶڣͻܵͷ
ûöõʱ䣬ҶС֪ǰǴξ
־ѾˣÿһﶼͻȻ֪ʲôԭҲʹÿζ˶ǺĻش˵ʲôҽȶȵȡ
СʱҶС翴һʥسڵĸֽҶĿĴѲӣ־Ѳӵˡ
ҶСž⣬ܹתΪѲ֮˵ӣɶǺġ
룬ҶСϽ˹ȥ
ʲô£ҶСǰħʥسڵĸĿʵһӸµӡ
һȨƣͻһЩ˱üѽӽǱ˸һһ㣬ǵǵԼϼǰֱϥһеӡ
ˣҪҪ㣬֪ҶС˵ţ⿴˿ܣɻ֮ɫ
ǴˣȻ֪ҶС˼ҶС˼ȷ˶ӣ˵棬Ҫһ徻ĵط
ħʥسڵĸֿҶСһۣȻ˵
˵꣬ȥҶСĸ棬Ҷǰһξʥسڵĸͣ˽ŲһƺɫĹâӿȫұΪһ壬Ͳ鿴κε״
ﲻģʲô˵ɣʥسڵĸʵ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ʱҶСװģĿ˿ܣ˫ȴ󲻶ϻһööϸСķγɣȻûգһ̸ûԷע⡣
ˣõһĶ׸ҶСװһʮֹ˵
Ŷʲôħʥسڵĸʵɫ˲٣Ѿ֪ҶСġĿġ
ʲôط̰ܻߵ鷢ںħҲһ澳УһЩħ˶ԼĹǲǱһЩĶ˾ϲȻ飬żʣһҶСĻʥسڸЩڴ뿴ҶСܹóʲôĶ
뿴ҶСһת۳ޱѤһŶɫĹâҫۼ
ӱһӾͿ˲Ƿϸȥȴʲô赲סһ㣬Ͳ鿴иɻˡ
벻νĲǡҶС仯ɵġ
ʲôʥسڸֶҶСеɢŸɫâĶʵҶС
Ҳ֪ʲôԲǷҶС϶˵
ħʥسڵĸһֱҶСеĶû˿ķΪҶС϶Ҫ£ͲϾǶǺħˡ
ħ˸ոߵҶСǰ΢΢ͷҪҶСеʲôʱҶСͻȻֻ֣ɢѤùâƣһס˶ԷĲӣٶȼ죬ͬʱһǿڣƻľҪ١
Ȼû뵽һĻҶСһ֮£ֱˣɫҰޱȡ
ҶСȻϵڵȫҶС޳ˣΪʧΪһͨˡ
ҶСһɣһ̱˵ϣҰ׵ɫӿ˳죬һѪɫֱ˲Ұɫ
㡭ҵΪħʥسڵĸſڣһŵ˵
ȷʵΪΪ˷ֹķҶСƽ˵ȫû˸ղŵĹ
㡭㾿ʲôˣħʥسڵĸֽضҶСʵ·ҪҶСԺС
ȥ°ɣҲʱ䡣ҶС˵һ䣬һ죬ʥųڸֵԶԴҶС档
ҶСйâ䣬ҶСջУ¶һ˿ɻ󣬻һ˿ء
ָһһƻɳħʥسڸֶʱճޡ
ħʥسڸѲԱ˺ܶණļУҶС֪˺ħսһ㲿Ĺɣиͼֽλá
֮⣬֪ɽһ޴ܣǸܺħֻи֪
Ȼ֪Ǹܾʲô֪ǰħкöǿ߽˻ɽ棬ûй೤ʱ䣬ͷĻع飬һľ·ʲôµһ㡣
·Ǻʲôǳ󣬱ڻɽ沼һǿ󷨡


1814 ȥҽ
Ӻħеõܶļ䣬ҶСתۼѾˣתΪֵӡ
ҶСɢ鿴ΧĶûһ̽ʱ򣬸ϽȥĻ֡
Ҷ߽ǸĿռУֱղħȥ
ˡҶС˹˹˵һСӣ·Լʲô
ҶСѧʥسڸֵӣ߸ߵԴһĿһеӣƳһˣҫڱɳȥˣɣ
ǣˡȻܹһʱڣ˵һҫںһûʲô𣬱ϾǰΣҫڶȥҲϣɵģѾҺˣһʱڣҪȥòˡ
ҶСĮĿһۣȻ뿪ˡ
һʱ䣬ǵĹҪˡ
Ҳ֪ҫһȥΪ˰ʲôȥˣҲܹΪ˰һͺˡ
һЩûԸɵĻҪȻôƫƫҫڣ
ԣҾӦǺɵػѵˣղҲҫҵĴˣ˵һõʲôõĶȻ׸˴ˡ
ܡ
ҶС뿪ҶǷ׷飬ȫûпеĴˣȻҶСģ֪ҫںѾ֪ʲôĸ롣
뿪ʮҶҶС绹ѲҶǸҶѲӵĹУѾս㲿ȫԺС
ҶСèնɱһѲԱõԺеļ䣬Ҳնɱ
̶Сʱʱ䣬ҶСնɱѲԱ˰սͼ
սͼӵһʥڵĸ֣ǿҲǰսͼá
˵ʥڵĸǸӵܣƽʱǳݳޣΪǿԭ򣬽᲻ѣ޼ɵû˸ҵ
֮ӵŰͼΪõһսͼȻһҼΪս
ս޵ȥϧոյõһ룬㱻ҶС綢סˣȻնɱװױҶС硣
ҶСװĴѲʱһħʥغڸͻȻ䣬ᵲҶС硣
һĻҶСѾս׼Ϊ˭ѾϳǼٰġ
˹ûУѯʵ
˹ûСҶСһȴˮҡҡͷ
ûУǹ£֪Сܵȥˣ󣬾˵ʥغڵĸֿҶС˵ȻǰɱȻѰŰ˹ټ
˿ȥıӰҶСЩأ˹ȻϤնɱĵˣû뵽Ѱҡ
ò˶ãʧٵ飬ͻ᳹׵ı¶øϽжˣҶС
װµӣѲһҶȻˡ
뿪Ҷʱɽײٶ¡
Ž½ҰУǸɫС㣬ԽԽתۼʹһСΪһôС
ӵʱ䣬ҶСǿǸɫĶǹҽʱĻɫҽѾһƬôСˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶС½ٶ˺ܶ࣬ʥغڵĸ֣ǿ
΢΢룬ҶСٶ³Ƭ̺ҶСӻɽľѾ˸أ쳣ֱͬһԳɵĿռ䣬ȵҽ·ãã޼ʵĴ󺣣һǿҵ𺳸С
ȵϢÿռŤãҶС߶ܵơ
ಡͻȻ䣬ɫ׵ĺħֳҶСǰǾĶҶС硣
ҶСаǣħϵ׶Ǻɫģǰ˵ȷʵɫɫ׵ǿȶԿɺħʥ۷׵ǿˡ
ڲתųȵĻϢһֳ֪ȵ۾ϵס
һʵʲôѵ㲻֪涨ûʲô飬Ҫ
֪涨ȱһַǳصĻԲϣ˺ܶطûҵ뿴ûУûֲϵĻȾܵӰ죬ܻҲϣλܹͨͨڡ
ҶСһʮֹ˵ͬʱӿռָУȡּΪĲҩ˹ȥ
һСС˼ϣλ˲ҪֻѰһϣѲ˶೤ʱ䡣
ҶСȡĲҩӵаսͼѲߴָеĶΪһĺԱӵĲҩʲô¡
ҶСеҩжһ˿ĻȣȻ໥һۣ˵ͷҶСһ˵񣬲ɫĽӹ˲ҩ
ȻߵôҾȥֻʱ䣬Ҫ㲻ϣɱǲһħֶҶС˵
ǣһᳬӵʱ䣬ллλˡҶС繧˵һ䣬һӱ˳ȵҽС


1815 ֶ
ҶСǱȵҽкʥغڸУһ¶΢΢ĵ֮ɫ
Ҳ֪ô£һĵǣоҪʲôһ㣬һĸо˵
ôܣҪһЩ϶ѣο沼󷨣ʮҲͻƲˣοͻƣҲһЩӦͷİɣһЦЦ˵
ĲҩĲӦȥϾ̫ˡҡҡͷ˵
òôģֻСʱʱ䣬ûгֱӽҳ߱档һ㶼ģΪҶСʥ۷ָͽ˳ҽ
ԸҶˡֵһЦ˵Ȼ¶һĨĵǡ
ҶСҽһ̣澳УܶΪֵǿ߶ϸĲ鿴϶һ֮ɫ
һȫΪһħѰҰ˹ˣ˺ܾõûҵ˹ˣȻһ£µʱͻȻ䷢֣˺üѲӵˡ
һǶϽ鿴Ȼûҵ澳Уе鶼ǴӻɽЩ˿е֪Ǽ˸û뿪
Ϣ󣬻澳УҪһüͷ壬ŵôһ£ټĻ澳УǼ˻ʬģ⡣
¾˹һϣϵΪѾﵽʥ۷塣
˺ٴѰһ飬Źκε
ϣǶұˣûзǼ˵ټȴһҪעһ£ڶʮҶѰһϢʮҶѲڲǰҫڰһ飬ǣղŴ̽һ£ҫڸû뿪澳ҲûˣҲ֪ʧٺǼֵʧûϵһʥڵĸֹؿ˵
ħ˼һž⣬˵ȻûҼôֻֿˣһȫˣһ֣Ǻпȥ档
棿˶һ
ȥ鿴һ£Ϊʥϵĸȥ˸øʲô͸ʲôȥħĿһɨ˵
ǣϡ
ħʮɽײ䣬˸˾ְ
ȵҽ·Ǻһ㣬ȫǼΪȵҺ壬һ˵Ļͳܲס¶ȡ
ҶСѾ֮壬ָ£ҽУͷ·ˮӾһ㣬ϸ͸ܲȡ
ҽнȥʱҽ¶ԽԽߣĸо˳ȣûг֣ڳȵҽδҲһֶĶ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСͣסΣ˫ĿһѵĴ󣿡
ҰУһ˿߽֯һŴһŴޱ޼ʣ·Ƭҽĺֳ㣬ҶСȻܹ󷨵ǿ
󷨣һЩʥ۷ĸҲС
Һʱѱ۳ɵķâ֮ȫת˱꣬ҪȻҲȥˡҶС
Ϊľâ֮֮Ҳ˳ַâ֮ΪǿЩعܹϣο󷨡
ҶСָһâ֮ŷָǰһƬռУеĳҽȫɢһƬգЩȵҽܺһ㡣
ָǰỮһεпȵҽʱ˿״˿ߵĴгһڣᣬҶСʱΪһ⴩Խ
ʱп״ϸֺһ𣬷·ûбпһ㡣
²㣬·ǵһһ㣬ҽ¶ȼߣϲ˶ʮ
ҶСļһɫǴ˿̣Ƥ·Ǳˮ̹һ㣬ͨޱȡ
ҶСԸܵһǿҽţ·ʱҪһ㡣
˵ľ޴ѵɢǿĶҶС
ΪһǱȥ
ҶСƿʱ򣬺ħѾʮֽ
ожֽ٣ػ󷨵ֻ׼ɫѵһǵǿǺħһʱжϽ˹ȥ
ϡ˹Ľһ
ػûмʲôħʥ۷ĳ϶ʵ
пһ£ʱһֲõԤС
˵ɫħɫһȵûУ
СС˸Ͻ˵ֹͷðϸܵĺ顣


1816 
͸ойʹĳˣħɫѿޱȡ
С͵͵źħϵͻͻģ֪εˣǿ϶ܳͷġ
ô£ħɫѿʵ˵ǺħĽأħ弸ϸЩصˣǲҪκһ˽룬ȻȻ飬Ȼޱȡ
Ѿˣ˵ʲôѾûˣȸϽǰãȻȥͷˡ
ֽղŵȫ˵˳ȥȴҩ飬֪ǽ˵ȥĻǽܵĳͷ
ôЩ𣿡ħ϶ʵ
Щ˵¶Էʲôߡ
ֻһ˽ҽڣħüѯʵ
ֻһˣǷġ˺˵ֱ׳ģΪǲûѡ
ʮҲħֵĻҲüͷ˼¡
ϣò˶նɱ˰ɣһʥغڵĸ˵
ֻҵһд𰸲ŻˮʯħҡҡͷȻ˵
˵ţĿͶ˺ħػĸ֣κ˽룬Ҳκ˳ûУ
ס
Ƕףһסġ
ǸϽ˵֪ԼֵĻᣬ˵˹ͺ󣬾ͿԽˡ
ħϿһۣȻһԾ˳ȵҽʮҲŽҽ
ħһʧͬʱһ
û뵽һ鷳֪ģȥͺˡһ̾һ˵
Ҳ֪ʲô飬Ȼܹ˳ϡһ˵
ղѾ˵ˣʲôˣɱ˵ĻҿûҪȻ˵նɱǡ
ǰ
ʱҶСͲ֪Ѿˣ˺ħĳϣ֪Ҳʲôı䡣
ȵҽҶСǱʱͨޱȣһ鱻պ˵ľ
ҶСѾܵ˺ܴոУѾûпֳ֣ȵ¶ȶ֮壬Ӽ͡
ŽǱ룬ҶСоÿһϸµ¶ţÿһֶڻвظÿظһΣͻӼһЩ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ҶСȷʵǼֲסˣſ˹֣赲ס˳ȵҽʱǿȱ֮ҽǰһɣ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬ûκεףҶСоԼһռһ㡣
ΧѾûҽΧûһ˿ȸС
ʱҶСȷʵѾҽˣһ޴ĿռУռ쳣ı䣬·ܹ˵ꡣ
Ӽһӵĵطй赲ҶС绹̲סһ
ҶСϸȥֻһԲεľ޴Ŀռ䣬ռΧǳȵҽЩҽе¶ȷ·Ǳĳֶһ㡣
ף޴ռҶС羪һ޴ռĴһֱԼһҵĹ
Уֲޱȵţܹ·һɻ·͸˿ռ֣ȻӿС
Ϸͬһɻ洩Խռ֣ӿ˹
ҶСѾǵǸո̤Ĳʲô֪
һĻޱȣˡ
·ǵػϷӵػӿ˹У֪̺жǿ
Ҳ֪浽ʲôһʶشڡҶС
Ļո£һƲɫĻ漱ٷɳҶСٶȼ죬ҶСϽ㿪ǣһƲɫĻ·϶ҶС磬׷ҶС粻ͣܡ
ȻҶСٶȺܿ죬ƲɫĻȻıƽҶСͷ϶亹ܹܵƲɫ̺¶ȵĿ£оֻҪԼմȾһ˿˿¶ữΪҽ
ۿƲɫҪӽˣҶСϽɢԼ͹ͬ
ڲĶ·ܹҶСһ㣬ƲɫĻͣΧҶСתƺЩ档
оƲɫĻ治ٿҶСصһ˲ͷϸܵĺ飬µһ¡
ͻȻ䣬ĿһסƲɫĻ档
ȻϺڰףɫѵǡѵǾ𣿡ҶСһ
ͻȻ䣬ȵ˹½ӵػݺݵһ£ûǾŮ߹֮ľǰһģһ


1817 ħڸֳ
νľǼȡ˾ֵػ;ģҲǾּּ֮֮
˵»ļ£κλھǰ᳼
ʱҶСѾԿ϶ˣĶǾ𣬲ĿǰѾǣǲôߡ
ҶС۲ƲɫʱƲɫĻȻΧת·Ҳڹ۲һּΪĸо
ҶСͷųԼʮѺõܹܵõƲɫĻʱԾһʮֻӡ
ȻҶС𲻶ϵͷԼȴûͷųĿǰҶСкĽģҲΪǲȫԭ֪ȥԼ
ƲɫĻѾȶҶСģһǵþ𲻸ˣƻų»˲䱻ճޡ
Ѱ˺ܾãûѰҵ˾ټû뵽ħʱ򣬾Ȼ֮ˣһ£ܹܲõһˡ
ܹоеΪֲɽһӱ
ʱĽʧҶСڸܵ˾ɢһֺ桢ĵһ¶Сһ㣬һ˿
ͻȻ䣬ҶСоƬռһ֣͵ػӰˣϵӿǸС
ݡƲɫĻһ˹С
Χı仯оı仯ҶС΢΢һȻ󷢳һôˣ
ûиҶС紫ʲô
ʱ·һؼʱ̣ҶСܹоеԽԽֲֲֿ۵˼¡
ͻȻҶСɫ΢΢һ㣬˺öɨԲεľ޴ռΧ
ȫչʱɫúǳأУʮǱʮ˶ʥصǿߣǵɫܲÿ
ҶСϾ֪澳ȺħѾ飬ҪȻҲҽС
ҽԣػĺħֶȻ淢
ҪһսˡҶСЩѾ޵ٶȾˣħֵ׷ɱսġ
򲻵ѣǲֵģϾսʽȽأȫֵĻһЩֿ϶ῴǸʱ򣬿ǾͻɱԼˡ
룬ҶСϽգܶͶ㣬Ƿֲ˸á
ûжúʮħֱ㴩Խҽռ䡣
ռǼλɵĶռǸл¶һ˿־֮ɫ
ϣûֵټòѾˣһħֿռУʲôûУɵÿ˵
ħʥ۷ĳϲû˵ѲһΧȻĿͶռĵǸ
˿¶˲֮ɫƺЩɻ
ϣǸʲôôоһֲֿ𣿡һħɻ˵
Ҳ֪ʲô϶ǿޱȵĻԶʲôܹõĻһ޴ħ΢΢ҡҡͷź˵
ϣƺϴʱһһʱǸֱӱǿޱȵĳһʧ˶ʮʥ֡һΪѾҪʥ۷ĺħ˵
ħڹų·Ҫ͸еĶͻȻĿתƣ˹ɼµ
Ķ˹ؼʱ̣λǵĻᡣħ峤¶һĨ˷֮ɫ
Ĳ֪Ȼо˹ɼٶȱˣԽԽ죬˵Ķɱ䣬ʱ򣬾Ϊؼʱ
᲻ݴһ֡ħ峤˵Ĺϡ
⻰ʮֶ˵ͷ˼ûУ˵ϼְ
ͬħڣʮʥظϵͬʱ˳ֿµƣƬռ䷺ȦȦƬռ㹻̵ĻֱӻŤ
ǸоʮħϱĿƣռУǸһԲһֳԲƺǽӡ
ڿռеҶСĸо˾𴫵ݳ˽ƺЩŭ
ʱҶСҲְһѾ𣬿ʱȥʮֶԿ
ǴʱľѾȫںһ𣬴ĹѰһҶСͻܵˡ


1818 
ħʮʥظ֣ͬʱһǿĺɫһдŻϢ·Ҫռȫٵ
ЩɫĹȫγһֱֻ۴ϸĹȻģСˣ̺ȴǿޱȣ˺ܶ౶
һºɫӰ£Ƭռ䲻𵴣ռС˺ܶ࣬ޱȵҽռһֵĿռ䡣
䣡
һǿޱȵĺɫһӳռǸϡ
صµƬռ䣬ȦȦɢȥ
ȵҽΣ·һֻΪ͵Ļޣ
ǸҵĲ·ܵĳشһ㣬ƺеĻҡ
һΪŭҶС⣬˵˶ûиܵ
ƬռУĴӣڰеҶС簵ãڿռʱʱ֣Ϊռ䲻ȶԵʣͲܹա
ҶС״̬⵽ƻʱħʮȫоˣһĿͶҶС硣
û뵽㾹Ȼռ䣬µǲСȻܹǵƤӵ²šħ˵
ΪʲôҪ
ȻѾ¶ˣҶСȫ֣ʮħʥظ֣ҶСʮֵ̹ȻĿ˵뿴Щ浽ʲô
ߣΪһţȲ˵ģ˵Ǹǲĸڣκ˶ôġħ峤ϽضҶС˵
ʱħ峤ȻоҶСܲԾ벻ǰĺħȫɽկģͲĺħˣҶСġ
κһħڳǰǹĵģɭϵĵȼйأǰиͿЩ˵붼Ǳˡ
˵Ҫ𣿡ҶСЦһʵ
ߣ㲻˵վõԼҪĴ𰸣Һúÿ󾿾ʲôţ񡣡ħϣеĹâ䡣
²⣬ǰħˡ֮ܵ˵ָʹʲôˣͲö֪ˡ
֡
һ֮£ʮʥظȫҶС֣һµĹŷ̺ϵΰ
µĹҶСҲòӦ˫Ŀһ̤ĲӣһԶЩ·ӵ׷ٹһ㣬ĸҶС
޹ҶСһΣǲֵģһ֣¾ͻһЩ˵Ļˣֻܳˡ
˫ĳѪɫӿĪƺƵޱȣ·ûʲôܹ赲һ㡣
ҶСģѪӰʺӿѪӰͷϣӿúħЩֽĿתƵѪӰϣܹӾеìܡ
ԭѪӰˣѾռǺħ˵壬ֲãֲáһĻħʥ۷ĳ˫ĿһһȻ
ֲǰħˡʱ͸оܲԾΪԷʵ侲ˣһ˿Ĺ֮ɫûУǱֻҪǺħˣԼϼж¶һ˿ȵ
ˣԷѪӰˣֻռ˺ħֵѣûֹ֮ɫҲ
䣡
ҶСѪɫӣһӽħʮֱŷĺɫâû
Щħâ̺ſ񱩡·һֻֻɫѪɫĳзڡ
ѪɫӱըʮִĹҲ飬Ƭռ𵴲ֹ·Ҫһ㣬ռУǸܵһӰ졣
ħʮֵĹһǾ޴ȻǰܹĳѵҪȻҲϵôĬ
ղſƺҶСʮħս˸൱ʵϣҶСѾ·硣
ղҶСȫ֣ڵûһ˿ıʮħȴء
նɱܹ뿪ħɫ΢΢һȻ˵
֪һǰѪӰ֡룬ѪӰͻ֪ǵĵƣ˵оԿǵĶ
ǣϡӵʮħʥظͬ˵ϵȫûһ˿ı
ħϲûж֣ضǸ¶̰֮ɫУеĶʵ̫ҪˣѾعΪġѪӰ֡
̺µͨأȻ̺Ĺܹ¾ܹͻα񾳣һһα񾳣α񾳵ĸ֡
УûʲôܹΪΪҪ


1819 ǿĲɫ
ʮħʥظ׼ҶСʱǸУٶȴһɼΪŭ𶯣һŭСƢһ㡣
ͻȻ䣬һ΢ĲɫâɳȻֻͷ˿ôϸȴ̺ž˵
áһ˿ɫĹâħϸϽܵԶԶģһ˿ɫâ첲Ա߲
ꡭֱӽ˱飬һֵļѾܵ˼ˣ˵Ѿܵصƻ
˿ɣƲɫĹâĴ̵˲Ϊһ㡣
ʱ˿ɫĹâħˡ
ЩħֵעȫҶСϣûע⵽
ǡʮʥصĺħֱУȫΪ˱Ȼ䣬Ϊһػ棬ȼգʮʥصĸתۼͱΪޡ
һĻħ峤ޱȣʥظֺҶСҲޱȡ
ಡһӰռ䣬ȥǵӰǺħϣʱʲôˣʼ֪һٶȱôһɫͱɡ
Ѿܣʣʥظ֣һţҲ׼ܣʮħʥظֵĲѾ㹻Ǿˡ
Ƿ׷ҽȥҪ뿪Ƭط
ȻˣͰĵĴŰɣʱҶС˵һһӺᵲ˺ħǰ
ҶС絲סȥ·ǲòͣһֶҶСЩʵ㾿ô
ôǺǣҪҶСϹҳһЦ⡣
ۡ
ָո˵ڣͬʱһںںɫѪɫήҡ
ǱҶС繴Լڵһܵˡ
ͻȻһַ·뵽ʲôһ㣬¶˲˼ɫָҶС˵㡭ǡ
ҾǣϧûлˡҶСһӴĻһƷâ֮ɫŷֱӴ˶ԷüģƳľ꣬Ĳˡ
ҶСʮ⣬û뵽ħЩ˵۹ʮϬȻһӾͿݡ
ʮħȥʮĴºϻ֮ˮսһ½˺ܶ౶ǸͲҶСĶ֡
ҶСּնɱһˣжһɺ⣬·ҶСһһ㡣
һħһҶС˵ŹΣ
ŶʲôɿҷŹǣҶСµʵ
ǿԲ͸¶ݡħһ˵
ҶСЦ˳ɫһ䣬׳գⲻ֪ħô⣬ֻҪҽȫնɱ˭ܹ֪
˵ţҶСϷâ֮죬˺Ѳ񷣬նա
ۡ
ħʥصĸһӱնɱΪȫһǱΪˣӾҪ͸¶ȥˡ
ҶСҲû뵽ħ۾˶ƾһͲ³ݣȷʵС
Ƭռû֣ȶŵػ
ҶСܹоɽҽ¶½
û뿪ǾصȴţҪõȡ͵ֶΣҪȻʮΪ޵ĺħʥظ־õӡ
˵ħ峤ϴæ뿪ûйೡʱ䣬뿪ҽ
ػƬҽֿһӰո׼֣ͻȻһӰȻǳϣʱŵˡ
ǹĽϡ
ħϸûᣬٶȼϷȥʱʱȥˣҪϽϣڹ⣬ڡѪӰ֡⡣
ô£ϿҴææġһħͷźħϳȥӰɻ˵
һħҡҡͷӦ淢ʲô飬ҪȻҲ˴æ
Ҳԣֻгһˣ˶ûѵǡѵ⵽ʲô⣿໥һۣ˴˶ܹԷĵĺ;塣
ʮʥħĸֶû˵ʲô˵һпޱȵĶػǺΣգ
ô죿һħѯʵ
֪һһĿǰ˵ܹܹ뿪һǲ´ˣ¾Ҫܵͷˡһħ˵
ĵȷʵڣǶûȥҲ֪ʲô飬뿪ˣ»ᱻǺħͽǸʱ򣬲ı硣


1820 ȥ
澳죬ɽڣʮħ־ۼǶĹߣȻȫľǳˡ
ĳҲ˵ʥ۷ˣطʥ۷֣֪ħĵжôǿ
󣬸Ͻߵĺħֶۼҽ淢ȫ˵˳ȥ
ȫüͷ˼С
ô˵ǸеĶѾΪؼʱ̣ħһʴ
϶ǣҪȻԹ̺¶ܹնɱǧΣǣȴֻһ˿˿ֲɫҽĳ˵
ȻȥǱҪеĶõħǸ˵
˶٣˵ǸѪӰĸֱҪʲôֶΣܹţ߰ź𣿡
ϷģѾźˣһֻϸ΢ĳӶӻɽͨһʥغڵĸ˵
ϴǲ֪ͨ𣿡ҽгϣһʵ
ã߲ͻƵα񾳣Ҫһʱ乮Ϊʱ䱦󣬸͵鲻𡣡Ϊϴĳ˵
һ̣һʮٴ·ȥ
ҽУƬռڣҶСȻĵȴţ͵ػӿٶȸǼӿˣڲѾ۵һ˵ĵز
ͻȻ䣬һӹдǵܲ죬ѽѧСӣ˼塣
һֱעŹҶСܵһȻҪ˼ģҶС绹һһ
һ˼뿪죿
ܿгһһ˿Ļϲ˵ҶС˵Ķԣ˼
ҶСüͷʱ뿪ĻƱػħֵİΧУʱ򣬵ȴľ滹ﰲȫǣ֪ΪҪ뿪
ɢһʵĲ
û˶·˼ŸôȥҶСҪ˵˼
һͻȻ䣬һ˴ӹɢҰһΪĲ
ҶСһɻ󣬲֪ʲô˼
ѵ¶ҪߣȻ󷢳һ
мһˣһɽ·ʲôըһ㣬ɢĲӽˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСԺлһ⣬һ뵽⣬ʱ̺ޱǿһѿ±ױȣĻϾȫʬ
УпܾͿҪɱˣѱ󣬹һӻƿ򣬵ƿһɲǼ䣬Ȼпµ˵ǹܹݻɽ
ҶС罫Լɢ˳ȥзһǳĵĲ
õȷϺҶСЩᡯĿһ۹Ȼ뿪Ƭռ䡣
ջҵ˾𣬵ܹܲõһδ֪ػھߣȴɱ󣬾ͽһϧƿ󣬻ǿ
ռһֱǱУûö೤ʱǰ棬ͽʱһһƷâֱ֮ƿ󷨣ֱӻΪһâƿһȱڡ
ҶСڴԽĹУҲһ˲ʱ䣬ղǸռУܹܵĽٶȼ졣
ϴеĹУҶСʩչת컻ش󷨣һնɱһħֵӡ
һ䣬ֱӳҽ
ʲôˣҶСոճҽһ˵ػҽеһˡ
ҡҶС˵һ˿Ĳм
ҶС磬һɻΪȫˣû뵽Ȼһˣɲǲȡ
ҶСո׼ϣһӳҶСǰ赲סȥ·
ʲô˼ҶСʵ
Ҳûʲô˼ֻôֻһ˳ˣأһħͶǸĿ⣬Ȼѯʵ
ҶС˫ĿкէͻȻ䣬ɫһɱ֮ɳ˵ˣˡ
ޱȣɢֱˣħһӱΪˡ
ҶС˵ǶţǷˣΪŵĻղҲҴ뿪
ֵܣҪģµ׳ʲô飿һħֺʵ
ǳϡҶСбŷһɷŭΪԼȻǣΪ赲Σա
ûһ˿ɵˣҶСĻ
ղǱܵӣҶС˵ĻΪͶǲŶС


1821 
ֲó뿪ʱǹĽһǶԷûлشԭˣΪ˻Լ£һޱȡ
ѾݵĹУȫӰ죬ҲûκνģҶС䲻⣬һµķâ֮ŷһӾͽ˵Դնȥ
ƤһԴ˳ȵҽУɲǼޡ
ۡ˲Ѫ죬䣬ڳȵҽҲΪޡ
ҶСû˿ԥϽϷɱȥٶȼ죬·ڲϵشԽռ䣬գۼ䣬һطͳһط
ûйãҶСͻȻͣУʮµϢڳƽٶҲܿ졣ϽգˮƽǳߣƻΧĿռ䣬¾α񾳸ҪһѶȡ
ҶСڿɫұڵĵطҲΪ˲ʮʥظֽµӰ쵽ռı仯ǲԼټ
ʮٶȷǳ죬תۼ͵ҶСǸռϣһӾ;ˣûзҶС硣
˺Զ֮ҶСŴг֣ʩչת컻ش󷨣ģ仯תΪ˺ħղžһϵӡ
ҲΪ˷ڼ䡣
ҶСֱӷҡֱϣٶȼ죬·ԽʱͿռһ㡣
תۼ䣬ҶСѾҪɽˣʱʮͻȻ䣬˻ɽڣվڻɽϿգ·һ㣬ҶС硣
ǿҶСӺ󣬶һ漴ȫνҶСԡ
ϣôˣһʥغڵĸɻʵղųϲȥû뵽ˣоЩ˼顣
ղ·ϣǵ飬Ϊ˷ֹµɢصҶС粻Ųæ˵
㲻ǳϣ㵽ʲôˣҶС翪ڣɫһ䣬ɫʵǾ֮ɫ
һĻʵǳҶСˣΪƽƽȥ֪Ȼһӱ˻ˡ
ʲô˼ѵ췴ɣҶСĿһʵ
˶һɻӣ˿ҶС磬ֿ˿ʥغڵĸ֣֪ô죬Ҳжϲ˭˵ĻǼٵġ
鳤ôһɳأʱһԥһʵȻⲢΪҶС˵ԭ֮ô˵ȫǺҶСľǳϺ鷳
ΪͲǳϣһһ㻳̬ȣڿȷˡħʥغڵĸֽĶҶС˵бų⡣
ħʥغڸֵĻ˶ĿҶС磬ͬʱлһ˿ɻΪǸûпʲô
ҶС΢΢һ̾ĿͶħʥغڵĸ֣ȻһЦʵôģ
ȻԷô˵ˣ϶һİգҶСҲͲװˣֱӿʵͬʱкɻ󣬶Էôġ
ҶСĻһ˶ҶСΧ룬һɢƬռ·Ҫһ㡣
鳤ôģһħѯʵ
ܼ򵥣ǺħȼɭϣľǳϵĻѯʵһʱͻŭ⣬ֱӳ֣ѾҵĻɣ˵ֻɵĻʱûг֣ͲòţͲǵĳϣǵĳϣ½죬ҶܹˡħʥغڵĸֶҶС˵
ħֵĽͺ˶һȻ
û뵽ħ徹ȻҲһ˲šҶС΢΢һ̾˵
Է˵򵥣ϸ緢ˣ벻ЩҲû׸Һͳԡ
㵽ʲôˣħʥغڵĸʵĿ⼫Ϊ䣬һҪֵӡ
¡¡
ҶС׼ʱһ¡¡֮ӻɽ洫쾳ǿڻɽеĻԻᱻ
¡¡֮ϴɽҡضɽھҵĻζ
ǡ
ɽܵұϴ΢ֻɽڵұѳһѷ죬һɿµ˹
վеҶСˣҡβֹһվȵӡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСĿһ¶ȼߵҽ˳ٶʮ־ˣڵƬռѡ
ʱҶС˫ͬʱĳµѪɫâŷһĳ˰ƣ˷·һӴ˳ȥȻԽռ䣬ʧٶȿ쵽˼㣬ΧЩ˸ûзӦ
ۡѪ˶˳˺ü
ÿ˵ɫÿȻԭ֣һҶСˣǻ澳쾹Ȼȱʣ̫ˡ


1822 ը
ʲô飿ɽôôĶһɻѯʵкɫâ·Ҫ淢һ㡣
ͻȻ䣬һɫһ䣬ѵѵǻɽǸˣ
ȻǶûȥ棬Ҳ֪ʲôǹҽĴ˵Ƕ֪
֪ҽһµĶһ˺ܶʥ֣⣬ҲһЩʥصĸǱѣ澳飬붼ǸĽˡ
ЩɽҪˣǸϽȥ֪ͨһʥصĸּΪ侲˵
ˣɫޱȣĵ˵ͷһҪ֪ͨЩҶеĸ֣ҪȻʧͲˣҪҪЩսȫߣս󷨻ûмûУʱµĸµĻЩսҪˣͶ׷ˡ
Ҫȥ֪ͨߡղŷҶСǼðϵħʥغڸִһ˵
¡
׼ЩҶϢɢȥʱɽ±ǿˣضɽҡһɹ̵˶˼Ϊȵҽӿ
ɽҪըˡ
áħʥغڵĸɫһ䣬Ϊѿ֪Ѿˡ
뿪ҧҧ˿ЩҶǲʵ˵
ЩҶ֣źܶĲϺսֳޱȵҽѾӿ϶ҪĸҪˡ
ʱĶڵѪ
˶ǲʵĿһҶϽϣ׵뿪ɽ
뿪˲䣬һ죬޴ޱȵĻɽը˿ޱȵҽ˷䣬漫Ϊ׳ۣҹе̻쳣
޴ĻɽΧһٹķλڣռҵĲ䶼Ѿ˳ɫ·Ҫȼһһ㡣
Щȵҽȥڿռнȴʯ¡
Щʯ޴ޱȣʮ¥ߣҲЩʯСʯһС
һޱȺĳ棬£̵ֹֺƴƣ˶ܹĸܵ
ۡ
ȻЩħѾ뿪˻ɽڣǱըʵ̫ǿˣµĳÿ˶һѪˡ
ʱҶСѾԭӣСľУװոմСľݳӣɽķ
һޱȣҽΪҫۣܹü֪Ǳж
ҿʱ뿪Ǹռ䣬ҪȻ밡ҶСµһ˵
õǾѵĻʱѾһ̿Ѿޡ
ħɽش飬ħ壬ʱ䣬ħ½ݺݵкħ˶ˡ
ôˣʲô飿Ȼôǿ𶯡
ǰݶҪˡ
ǷǴ½ɽһ˵ģѵĻɽȺ屬ˣ
ħܶ˿ʼۣǶžǷʲô飬кܶԵˣϢˡ
Ǻħеĸ֣մȨ˲֪ɽһ˶֪
֪ĻƷͷ㣬˵£֪ˣɫ׷һ䣬ಡΪһ⣬źħɽƬشȥ
ʱɽѾ׵ıˣ澳Ҳȫˣҽڲӿ·Ǻһ㡣
ԶǼ˵ĺħһɸ֣¶һĨǷ·𿴵ĸڳȵҽ
·𿴵ս
鳤㡭㿴Ǳߣһ\ħָųҽһ˵
˶ĿֻҽУһսѾȫˣսѾ״ˣ׵⵽ƻ
һսϣܹսĽˡ
ô˻ôѵǺħѪҪôһɣħʥغڵĸ૵һܵ˾Ҵӡ
ȻѾ뵽ǵ黹ûȫʱǴһңû뵽ǰԤȫˣսƲѣοĲϣĸ֡
鳤㿴¸ղǸйϵ𣿡ͻȻ䣬һѯʵ
󣬺ħʥغڵĸбųһĨĹâҧ˵ѪӰ壬һѪӰ壬ҲֻܹƤ࣬οߵʱĳѪɫΪܹƭĹǣû뵽ǲһӱǿ˳
ѪӰ壬ε飬Ǻħһġħʥغڸֺ޺޵


1823 õ
ǻ֪ǸղǸ˭ǴʱѪӰˡ
ѪӰ֪ҶС罫Ǹʺӿͷϣ֪ʲôĸ롣
ףǱ߻лŵĸ֡ͻȻһħĿһ˵һʧˣȥȥˡ
һĻûǣǷ׷ƬռѲӣѰЩĸ֣ǻδȫ𺦵ϡϡǲԼƣֵĴϡĲϣǾЩΪ
ǹǿѾױԵʣǳȵҽأعڵ¡
ʱ֪ܶ澳ڵĺħֶ˹Ƿ׷ѰЩˣϡϡ
ÿ˵ɫÿޱȣһ˿ķŭκħʧʵ̫ˡĳﱸǻһ鲻Ƿŵĸ϶ÿ
ҶСվľ¥ſŻɽǱߵ·ܹռ䣬﷢һС
ҶǲɵģͻȻ䣬ʥ۷ĸѯʵ
һֶҶСһۣһ˿ɻ󣬷·˼¾ǲҶС
ңҺ뿪ˡҶСҡҡͷ鵱ȻܹϣϾǺħһ㻹ǱȽϺõģοȫŻʥ۷ĸ֡
ҶСĻʥ۷ĸĿҶСһۣоҶС˵ĲǼٻ¶һ˿ɻüѵƬɽͻȻ䱬˲ɣ
Ƭ̺ҶС»صľ¥Уһֶȥô£ǶûȥΪûҶС
ľ¥ҶСЩƵվԼǳˣȻܹһ֮û뵽Ū˰죬Լûеõ
ľǽ˵ĶĲʵԵ֡ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
仰ո˵꣬ҶСоЩԾ·Ƭռ¶˲٣Ȼ䣬ǰĿռ΢΢һɫСҶСǰСֻȸһСȴ̺ſֲ
ҶСһֲɫѾʮϤˣǾɫֻСӦþǾĳɱ̬ɣ
ΪҶСɱ֮ǰ㲩ĺøУҶСܣߴߴĽţΧҶС粻ϵɡ
ϵ˰ɣҶС̽ɢôһ
ΪС̬ľ·ܹܵҶСĲһ㣬¶ǽ
ҶС糤һٲľ¥󶼻Զȼ
ͨһ㣬ҶСҲܲڵĿֲ˼˾¶ΪֻһֻȽϺÿСˣ
ʱɢģ˷ܵǶҶСʮֵǣһСӼĸо
ԺҰɣһѰɳܵҶС֪᲻ݴϽɢôһ
ʱоЩŰǺƭСӵĻ壬еƭɣҶСҲûа취ΪС۹Ըκε顣
ҶСĲ󣬾˷ܣΧҶСһܺ󣬱ҶСļϡ
ϸȥĻͻᷢվҲ·ļϣţΧһ㵭·Ǻ˺ҶС硣
׽ҶС˷ܣ֪ѾԺͻ
֮Ѿҵֻ֣ʣһ֮ˮ֮ľۼֽһ
С۹۾ʼеһ˰̣ԼС۹ҲܵϲԵ䡣
ɽ󱬷ѾСʱʱˣ֪ĺħѾȻʮ֣ҲѰҵһٶֻûȫĲϡֵҵһսֻʧһСС֣ȱǲеĴ͡
һսһڵʱ䣬ܹȫ޸ɹ
ȻսֻʣһңҲãܱûкöˡ
ħ˺ܾãûҵŵĸֺЩʱͣʱЩȵҽѾȴ˻ɫʯͷһѶѣһشأΪ׳ۡ
ǻĵĻܹһξ㡣
ħ˲ûйȥЩʮƯĶǿЩҽʯͷбǺ⡣
Щȵҽǵĸ֣Ļۡ


1824 ɹ޻
ħ½ɽ򣬺̹ǳȵҽȼ˺ܶԵľҲȼ˺ħۣͼҵǵԶͼһûˡ
ƺУһյĹڣһħ峤ϣޱ飬ɢ·ⶼҪɱһ㡣
棬ܶħվһʮֹӣǵͷһԲ
ƬڣǲѾû˻ˣҲûˣĿһɨʵ
ϣȫûˣǰȫѰˡҶСħʥغڵĸʮֹ˵
¼ԭԭһֲ˵һ顣ϵϻ˵ٺ·һ㶼żӡ
ħʥغڵĸֽкħʧ٣ڻɽڷ֡ѪӰ塯ֵȫ˵һ顣
һЩ֪˶ţڣš
˼˵¼϶ѪӰΪˣϳʵ
϶ǣҪȻһʼҲûзκϢնɱǺħ֣ǺħĴϣҲֻѪӰ˲ܹռǣοɽһ̣ʱʹõѪɫʥغڵĸ˵кݣʱѾѪӰ޵˼㡣
Ļϵϸû½ۣĿͶһħ֡
Ǳʲô
ħ΢΢һȻϽ˵ûʲôһ
ȷʵһҶСϰһģһǸʱҶС϶ľ¥У֪һвҶСƳģ֪ʲôĸ롣
ô˵¼ѪӰΪˣҰģѾסǺħ壬ʱһҪйעѪӰĶ򡣡˵
ʱ޲ýѪӰĸȫնɱ
ϣѵȥ𣿡һħѯʵ
𣿵Ȼᣬȥһ£֯һЩǺħһȥѪӰ壬ǽһĵãǱȻ⡣ź˵
׼ô˻ᣬնɱѪӰһĸ֣ȻǻٵǵϣôҲٵǵϣ
ϣлǱߡһ˵ѵ
ǱɳʵǿһֺһսɣǹǺħ½ɱڵ˵
ʱѾìͷȫ׼ѪӰ͹˲ϻģ׼ɳʵǿˣݺݵĽѵһߣûһָо裬ȻԼ뿪
ħ˵ڶ죬ҶСľ¥͸ܵ˺üϢӿȻǵ˻ûеϵȴΣƵӡ
ҶС绹ûжľ¥Уһַ׷߳¥󣬻ʥ۷Ļĸ֡
ɫǳأɢƻ񣬺ѭ֪Էսһܾˡ
ûж೤ʱ󣬺ħһʮ˽£һʥ۷ĸ֣˶һ֡
ΧһЩеĺħ˶оǿƽ٣Ƿ׷߳˲䣬ΧۿϾǹغǺħıԡ
ܶ˶ﵽҶСʩʩȻľ¥߳һӱľ¥¥ϡ
ҶСʱħ˫Ŀ΢΢һУ¶һ˿ļɵڵһǳУҶС統кħնɱһʥ۷ֵĻӡÿ˵ԴУǾҶСľս
ʱ򣬾ȻС̬վҶСļһӣһС
ǻЩˣǺħЩˣǶ˾𣬲ȫˣΪûиоκεĲȫһֻͬСˣǻΪҶССϰߡ
֪Ǹ۵СǾĻ¶Ϊ֮
һսҪʼˣǰһǺħʧˣ֪νΣǺħһҪȡһӮһơ
ȷʵӦôһ£̫ʢˣǸҶС磬Ҫѵ²Ǻףֻܹˡ
һǱزȱٵġ
Χĺħ۷׷ס
ҶСϴθո׼ս˿һƮ˱̨ϣһɫ׽ΰҰʮ㡣
ĿֱϹӣ˵ڽһδɵսɣ
һУֻϹӵΪһ˵ս˿쾭ģκ˷ԡ
ľ¥ҶСž⣬Ѿ˺ħŮʵǿϢ񣬲Ϲӣ˵սǾĶǵġ
ˡҶС̾һ˵


1825 ս
ãҽܡϹһڴӦǰ߳һһӳ˱̨ϡ
ɫε죬緢ƺԼкܴһ㡣
̨ϣ˵ƶ˼ʱƬռҵĲ·ǳܲסϵľ޴ˡ
ʵǿ󡣡˿ĿƶϹ˵ս죬һȼϣս࣬սζ
ʵҲϹӿ˿˵Ͽʮɣʵȴǳ棬Էʵ
ϣվڱ̨һҲ·һ㣬ڱƴԷȫע־
˺þã˶ȴЩͷʱͻأ䣬ʧԭصĵط
ء
˻ûп̨ϾͱһһĳƬռ䶼΢΢ζӰէȻֿٶȼֱǿ쵽˼£һΪ͵˸ûпʲô顣
Ȼ˵ĶҶСּǿߵġ
ǵУͬʱû˿ĻɣȭͷһһȭϺɫһֻ·ܹеһУһһȭɫֳȺܹȼ
Ȼⲻ̽ԵĹѣ˭ҲûκζԷ
˿ε岽ηҡֱϣͻȻתΧˣγһɾ쫷硣
ʽͻȻ䣬˿һһ̺ſȺɨڸղת£Ǿˡ
·һβһݺݵĳ˹ȵɨƬռݺݲҪѳ롣
ء
ϹͷϵųĻɫ˿ͻȻըѣһͷ˿裬һϢɢһ̼䣬ؼĻ
ɫһƬضȾ˻ɫһƬĺһ㡣
һơϹǰ̤һϵƸǱŷ·ųΪȵĻ档
̽ȫ˻ɫǻɫľʯһ㣬ȫѪ֮
ֺݺĳǰһƬռɲǼݣ·Ǳȼһ㡣
䡪
˿ԸеĴſȺϹӿһײһɲͬײһӲ˿ֲıը
һӣ˿ռ䣬ҺҶС粼õı̨㹻ʵҪȻһƬط¶ΪƽأеĶȫ
ν棬Ȼ˭Ҳûκε˭·𿴵֣ٴսһ
ƾеսΪʣֶβϹƣ˿ȣһʮ㣬Ů˵ζҰչֵ쾡£һ˫˵ĸ֮ŷһࡣ
ء
̨ϲг·ôһţƤģΪ˺Ȳʼ͡
ƬУϾ£ΪָĹޱȣ·ܹڻһеĻ桢дſ»ϢĺɫƬռвϾ
û뵽໪УһʵȻҲôǿ
ȷʵû뵽˿ǺħһУսΪǿʮ֮һΪȥܹһִ仨ˮû뵽Ѿսôʱˡ
ȻƾУҪֳʤѡ
ΧһЩħַ׷ۣ۾һգգĿⳡ
սҪ²ôסʥ۷ĸָ̾һ
ҲһǸо໥κβ˶ԷʱȻֹͣʲôⷢҶС絭˵һ䡣
ʥ۷ĸŤͷҶС磬ҶСû˿Ҫ͵˼ֻŤͷ
Сʱ˿Ϲ˶ľ޴󣬶ҶˣϹϻɫòѪһЩɭɭĹͷ¶˳
˿ҲһǱѣɫϲѷ죬Щطȥһ˫޳ȫ˽ɫûгΪȡ
սһ󣬶վڱ̨϶ŶԷڵĴССϢ
ǶѾսôˣûзֳһ£ʹ˰ְɣøˡϹȿ˵
׼ڣ˵ʼնҪһ˿ڣ˿һʮּǿˣԲ׵䣬ο˵ֻ
սķϻϾܹжϳԸҪ˵ֻڵ졣
ΪԭϹӲŻ˵ֻ
ϹӵĻ˿΢΢ԥȻεĵ˵ͷҲ֪սȥҲʲô˵վ൱־ҲʮֵǿսֻһǾ˶ڱ̨
˿ͷ˶һȻ˻ص˸һ
һƽ֡


1826 
ħ˿ôһŮӣΪ߾սˣҲϹĸ֣ͬΪ˵ƽ֣˶֮УҲû˵ʲô
Ȼħ廹˲ģľôƽֲ֣ܹ˿ѵҪ˿ƴɣ
һս·ɢ˺ħɽ򱬷ħܶ˵עȫתˣעεıԣѾǼȫ
ħһֲϺսʮ֣Թ֪ҶСҲ֣һϷҪһϷҪȻ϶ûк³
һսȻͬȾ֮£ħһָûռκεıˡ
һʱܿȥˣȻڱԣѾǵˣ°սħһռ·磬ϵĻħֱɡ
ΧЩħɫÿ峡սƽ֣ȫǻӮˡ
úõĽѵһ»һ֣û뵽һʵˣնɱǺħһ֡
ÿһħϵɫÿǸоǱ˺ݺһ㡣
֪ˣ粻սֱԼԼȥñ˳顣
䣡
һ죬̨ϣħһֱ°ľ޽һĳһࡣ
Ȼ°նɱħһ֣ҲܵˣһɫãܶطѪ˿Ѿ˺ɫȻǱħеֺɫʴˡ
޽ӱ̨ϣһһȥҶСһ
°϶ദ˿ںڲϵʴվľ¥¥ϵҶСһεӿ˶°ڡ
һɹɺð̼䣬˿ڴĺȫҶСǿųˡ
л°ŤͷҶС繰˹˵Ǹм֮ɫҶСæҪЩȫҪһʱա
лҴģҪĴȥҶСƽ˵󣬵ȴĴռ䡣
ҶСĻкħɫһ䣬ǵȻܹҶС仰е˼
ȻҶС⻰ǶԶ°˵ģǸǶԺħЩ˵˵ģ·˵սҲǻһӮ
̫ſˣȻ˵Ĵ󻰣Ҳͷ
ǣǺħ壬Ȼ˵ĻֱǲǺħѵΪԼ񾳸֣ƿһеľ
һҪݺݸ໪һһѵҪȻ˭֪ǻſʲô̶ȡ
Χħ۷׷ף
ȻЩħ˾ԼУһֲݺݵĴ
ʱ򣬺ħһʥغڵһֳ˱̨ϣһķŭŻһʵ˭һս
ѾħһֱնɱˣΪħˣȻܲҲǺħһ֣Ϊ˴һ֣ˣһһѵ
ʱȫ˫û˵Ĺ涨һɶûԼΪ磬ЩһУû˴ﵽ硣
ų̋ϵ֣ħʥ۷ĸ΢΢һֹֹ̾ˡ
һֶû״ӦԼͬĽĿͶҶС硣
ҶС˵ͷ˼
ҶСͷǶһȻܹ鿴̨ħֵĿ֮ԷǸߣսҲǿޱȣп¸ûǵĶ֡
һսʱһƽ𣬽ҶСӰͳħһǰ
㡭ħһ΢΢һ㶣漴¶һ˿֮ɫ
ҶС˱̨ϣΧһЩħ˷׷ƿڴ
̫޳ܣΪôߣȻս˰
ǿ˼𣿡
áƬռ𣬺ħʥ۷ĸɫѿЩħĲҶС磬˳Լ
Ϊ̨ħһȲ˾⣬սһ֡
̨ϣҶСĿһɨЦһҵ껹ûгʮ꣬Ҳһ֣ѵûǸʸûеĻﻹǸ˸˵ԼһôСᶼﵽʥأأܶ࣬ʥأʥأǶˣ
ҶС練һ䡣
ҶСĻΧҲûһˣһ϶ȥȷʵ̫ˣǶ˶ˡ
ûһ˵ҶСŻĿͶ˺ħһ֣Լȥҽȥ
ħһ¶һ˿ŭ֮ɫ˫ȭգȻֻɿһȻ󻺻˱̨
ħһȥҶСվľ¥ϡ
ʱûһħ˸սһ֣бޱȡ
ħУȻҲսǿļһǴ˿̶ڣѾǰѪӰ壬ҪȻʮһֶȻҪˡ
ǻһʵˣǸֽ̡Ҳûսħʥ۷ĸֶҶС˵
ˣǵʱ󣬾ͲǺħжˣ廹ȥأҶСֱ˵
󣬺ħʥ۷ĸɫ˱䣬ǴǺħ·ҶС˵ȻǺħһֲУǾûбҪʱˡ
ħʥ۷ĸֵײƽˣ־ᶨޱȣһЦ˵ȻҲͲǿˣϣһ·˳
ҶС뿪ȻǺħһĿǰҲûʲô취ܹ赲ܱȴһöˡ


1827 뿪
ʰ׼ߡ
ħ˵ǰҶС˵һ仰˿˼Щħ˵ĸܡ
ΧЩħ˾ܷܺŭǶԴҲ޿κΣ˷ǰĺħһս绪ĸ֣Ҳ൱սȥҲ衣
ʵûʲôҪ׼ĶһǽóȥĶٶȷ˴ָУȻںħ˵ע¸ҶСźħΧȥ
ҶСӰʧЩħˣһű˳˵ҶСĲǡ
졣Χ˵ħʥ۷ĸһɨһ
һһӽסˡ
ղڵʱô˵ˣȴ˵飬ʲôãܹǺħ𣿡ħʥ۷ĸ˵
⻰кħ˶ͷһ֮ɫ
ղҶСڵʱ̫ǿˣǸмܲסƨҷһҶС뿪ǲŷ׷ۡ
һҶС˵ĵħ˳裬ò˶ãе߶֪¡
ѵΧЩħ˺ħʥ۷ĸص³һʱо˺ܶࡣ
ͻȻ۾һƳҶСһסľ¥жһ˿
Ȼľ¥ߴţǺħĳ衣
Ҳˡħʥ۷ĸָľ¥˵е֮ɫΡ
ǣϡħͬʱشһľ¥󣬷·ľ¥󵱳ҶС磬Ҫеȫȥ
䡪
һµĺɫľ¥
ͻȻ䣬ľ¥ϷһȦȦĹΣЩµĹȫ赲⣬ͬʱľ¥ݺݵӷԲϰҲһ
ô£
֪󷨣
̫޳ˣȻȻ󷨣ǺħԶߡ
һĻЩĺħ˶һȻ׷
һľ¥·Ǻħ嵱ʱǸŻһ㣬רԷĴڡ
ֻһ󣬵Ǻħʥ۷ĸȴ˸Ĳ֡
ղľ¥𶯣ԲڵҲ𶯣˵ʲô˵ľ¥ͷԲضЩϵȻ֪ô£ȴһɲõԤС
ϣЩɶĻ˽ľ¥ͷԲȫϵһǹľ¥󣬾ǵڹľ¥ΧأѹƣӴǿĻһƣƬض飬־޴»Ƭռˣʱһʥسڵĸ˵кɫĹâ۳һţܹ졣
һ󷨸֣һӾͿҶС粼õ󷨡
ʲô󣬺ħʥ۷һƺЩҡΣǷŭ֮ɫû뵽ҶС羹Ȼôһ֣ԣҶС뿪֮ǰѾµǵͼ
ԡ
ħʥ۷ĸȭͷգ뽫ҶС˺ƬϧûǸʵοҶСѾ뿪ˡ
ɿȭͷȻһ£ʵûʲô취ܹ
ǿ϶УȲ˵ûôǿУҲһٵƬأͬƬе壬ֻƳǸ󷨲УҪƳ󷨣ˮƽʥسڵ󷨴ʦ˵
ܲƳ󷨣ħʥ۷ĸʵոʳͺˣֱǰʣʲô취Ѿ˵ˡ
Ȼ
󷨴ʦҡҡͷҶС粻ŰΪǿޱȣϵҲͬһ㣬ˮƽҪƿѡ
ħʥ۷ĸɫˣǾ仰ôźҶСġ
ľ¥ʲô취¾ͽˡħһ仰뿪ˣһɬ󷨸֡
󷨣ҲΪ
ʱҶСһѾԶԶ뿪˺ħ򣬼˺ħԵ
һ·ϣһ˶û˵
κħ֮кԲƻŻһûˣ˺ħһĽѵ
ȻҶС˵ջľǵõ˾ĶȻˣʵ̫ˡ
ûйãһ˾߳˺ħ½
εг̱Ͽƺûʲôʵ쳣գΪҪҶСԲܹˣһˣ˵ͻʲô֣ٴΣһַǳע⣬һ˵ͻѪȾ̨
һκħ֮У˸оеһ㡣
ããϣһ˲ûȥģǺĺħ½ɫƺЩӣЩ
ôˣҶСʥ۷ĸ֡
ܸоƺЩʣûиһر̵Ľѵʥ۷˵
ѵѾˣ֪ܹܲ⡣ҶС¶ζЦݣûнʲôŻļ۶ȥ˽ҶС


1828 һ˵
ĴϿƽҶС뿪ʱûκεı仯α񾳸ֵأ˭ҲΡ
ҶСǰħһʱУһֶ׷׳ǰԡ
ɳ;һֵıԣܹЩһΪҲܹһӱǿߡ
ҶС磬ѾǵķΧˣΪ̫࣬ǶȽ֮ˡ
̶̲ʮʱУܶһкܶһ־ʹ˳š
ʢĿѾһעǽʢеҪʹԺĳɾͣһһ¸ֵ𣬷·˿δһͷ۵ĳ֡
Ӻħ嵽Ĳûö೤ʱ䡣
ԶԶ䣬ҶСͿһСѵսš
ҶСһ߽ʱƬкܶ˶ˣǷ׷Χ˹˷ܡ
ҶСƽʮһ֣ߵʱʮڻʮǶԻõĽһǻĵϣû£Ǹ
Ҷһ˻˳˳
Ҷݺݽѵ˺ħûУ

ܶ˶ĿͶҶС磬ѯҶСǸġ
εȫһ᳤ϣ֪ȥϿʱʥ۷ĸЦ˵
ܹóҶС粢ϲֳǸϽ˵ҶСΧ
ۼ̫ˣһһ䣬ҶСشĻ춼˵ꡣ
ʥ۷ֵĻܶ˵һףĻȻɢȥǶڴϵĶ
ҶոմӺħع飬ûʲôҪǻ˵ģͻȻŲһŮѯʵͬʱһӰ׼ҶС磬ʵʩֿ¼ת
һ̣Χ˶ͣ˵ĿⶼͶҶС磬һƬռھĵģûһ˵
ҶСĿһɨÿһۣŻ˵һΣûи˶˺ħһ̵ĽѵԶˣ
˵ҶС΢΢ͣһ£мֵĳأǹ֮ʱЩΪλĶˣǾԲܹǣγУǻһʥ۷ڲ鿴ħĹУһͷһëû£¼һúħ˸һ
ҶСֻ˵Ļûж˵Է˺ħĻɣҪúħѪӰ
һҪúħǻһܶҶСǱ֮𶯾
˵ҶС˫ָһһӶͣʮֵ롣
ΪЩΪ˻ĶսʿĸлҶСͷСķ򣬾һ
˶ľϹСô֣ܹܵġ
ںħǿ˺ܶ࣬ǵƣҲǵƣǧܹϵĶɱΣϸ˵ǻĵΣȻڣһǳõĿꡭҶС쳹Ƭռ䡣
ռ䣬ҶС罫Լе룬ȫ˵˳ʱԵΣδķչȵȡ
һҶС˵Ŀʧ
һңһСҡһһ͵ļңеĹ޺ͣĸ塣
һ򼸺ûʲô仯ǺһѧԱѵѧԱˮҵһ㣬֡
黹Ǻһͣزõݶϵ󷨣·ѾµһŮҲ˾ְΪĺг
ҶСӰ˲һ
һƬһֱߣһɫŮһɾʯϣбһŮӤϹҸЦݡ
͸һ°߲ӰӰͶŮӵϣĸԵĹţһܰƬռ䣬ƬƬһ·˵ʲôһ㡣
һĻҶС綼΢΢һ㶣û뵽ȻľܿҲһ棬硣
ѵ˺ӵŮ˾ͻòͬҶС
ҶСصһʱʥ۷ĸѾһεƵý壬ȥħȫ̵ľ¼
Ȼ¼ֳĲֹһˣлһֻ֣Ϊȫ档
һƵݵʱеĻ˶ֽкá
һգһӰĵˡ
˶
һգܹǣǸ˵һӰԶлĵ˶֪ԼʱҪʲôҪʲô
һգǶںħеľɡ
ҫع顣
˺ħһѵ


1829 ⣿
ҶСһںħչƵһƬȻǶһ˵ӰúħܵǿҵĴ
ʱ䣬ŵٴ纣Хһ㱬һߺûʲô赲
ҶС磬ֱ֣Ѿ˻ĵĴ·ˣľͲܵκ˵۸
Ǹý廹ǽֵԵĹ϶ҶСĴͷ񣬵Ȼȥħ˶ˣһ룬ѹһ֡
ȻַڵĳҶСͿһɵĵطʼһǣңһЪĸ塣
һ£绪Ůӷ·Ǹо˳֣ŤͷҶСʱһЦջгһᡣ
ˡ
־ǵ⣬ƬƬһͶҶСУ˵ůҸ
ǰһʱ˵ľָܿı˺ܶ࣬Ϊһӵĸ׺ÿ춼ڸı䣬ָıеͯȴһ־ķ顣
ţˡҶСҸݣЦݺһǲõЦӳȤ
˹ȥΪȻĴľܿ㻳бͮͮ
ҶС缸һСͮͮһҲںڵƺܺĶҶС磬۵СֲϵػӶţ·Ҫ˵Щʲôȴû˵
ףʲôطֵõһСͻȻľܿ㶢ҶСϳСӵľ˵
ҶСɫɫ΢΢һ۾һƳûʲô仯һ¾˺ľܿ㡣
ϾھҲǺ˽⣬ŭĻһҪȫˡ
ɲǳǾ𡣡ҶСεĽһ䣬ԼŮˣҶС绹ǲЩģϾҲΪС۹ǡ
𣿡ľܿһӲûзӦƺһ˿ɻת˲䣬һ뵽ˣ۾ôģһŵӣҶСӣѡš
ôһֻһˣأҶСɻʵ
ȺûĵģȥˣӸҡľܿһƵ˵ȻЦ˳ҶС磬ʱ䣬ȿźӰɣҲȥˡ
˵꣬˾ʧˣŵСϣֻʣҶСһˡ
ҶСףһŮҲоԼʵСŬĶԼҶСĸΪҶСۡ
ҵʵҲþڵ߲۷Ҳǰ취ҪôܹͻƣҶСüͷ
һУƬ̣ҶСոߵڣϣӰͻȻ֡
ҶСֻɫС˫Ŀ΢΢һȻָֻƽ
á񵭵Ŀ˵
ǺǣȷʵãҲû뵽ںħͻȻ䷢û뵽ңҪȻҵΪԲܹõҶСЦЦ˵Ц⡣
ҵΪҲò˵㻹𣿡
СҶС˵һ֣Ȼںħ巢ȫ˵񣬵Ȼս飬ص˵һ¡
üͷ΢΢һ壬˼һٲſ˵ҿ׵ɱɹ˺ܶսҪȻ¾ͺˡ
սȻô󣿡ҶСɻĿ񣬴ĻУҶСܹĸܵսӡ
ж󣿡ºظһ䣬˵սνһ𣬱վ񾳸֣սƺܲʱսȽܶ࣬ˣսҲԺһα񾳸
ĻҶС粻һȻжϳսܿ£ȴû뵽ܹα񾳸
Ҳһ˰ҶС糤̾һ˵
һħ⣬ҶСüͷûչĻУҶС֪嶼򵥣ǵĺ֣⡣
໹Щ̵ģںöεڶ˺ܶ࣬˵ʵ磬ο嶼ԼĵƣȻժƺʲôǾУȥûС
ӣʱս˺ܶ࣬ΪȴûǲĹ⣿üͷҶСʵ
˵ҶС˵Ѿһ𿴵ǸĴţȻԭ̤ɵ⡣
սжǿᣬ粻ܹͻƵĻͲܹʵı仯Ҳɱ䣬Ұɱ䣬ɲԵǿߡ
֮ôʣǺҶС类һ뿴һ콾ôš


ڵ1830 ˷
⣿ҶСüһ˿ɻ漴ҡҡͷӦòǣĳһֻû
ҶС翴˿룺ǽ˵ɣϾľ飬Ļᷢʲô
ĹΪ⣬մǧУҲͨ˵ҶС罫ԼĹһ£Ȼûо񹦷ľǸˣɡ
˵ΪΣҲǣϾξȹԼľˣ˵ԼĹҲΪ
ҶСһ󣬾Ը񵭶ޱȵɫҲ˱䣬Ϊʱĸ֣ʲôûмʲôûмǵҶСĹʱвƽ
þãŻ˵˹ˣǼʱѵһţ̫ˣѹֵս˿£ÿ˶ֻҪֵܹĿƣɱΡ
˵ţͻȻüͷʱҲûмλֹֹԿ£𣬲ɾͳ
Ҳ֪ǻԵ֮²ŵõⲿҶСεҡҡͷ˵
ĹӦҪУҲΪôҪⷽȥ֣ĹҪΪȻ߲ͬһ֮ͨһƿڣеʶ̡ҶС˵
ҶСüͷ΢壬Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
ʲôزѯʵ
ܹԼӰ쵽Χ˵ҶС罫Լʱľͻÿһʱľ綼
˳ĬУϸ˼ҶСⲿһӦҪĶľжϡ
ҶСҲûżĵȴţܹһӿǾԵҶС̫ˡ
ⲿһʼ֮Ҽãµ󣬾ͻſƵķչĿǰѾˣ֣Ӧջ񡣡˼˺ܾãſ˵
ſƵķչҶСظһ䣬΢΢һ
Ҳǣһʼж϶Է飬ԷȾΧˣⶼſķϷչ
νԹ壬ž˼ɣ
ˡҶСĵ˵ͷȻͶмĿ⡣
ĹǧҪȥҪȻ»˵Ŀ̽һżΪǿĹʱͺãĹ֪㽫ɳʲôزܿЩ˻ʼɡɫĿҶС˵
ţ֪ҶСͷЦЦ
ˣ˸˵ƵҪΪΣ»Ҫܳʱ䡣
ţû£ܶ೤ʱ䣬ֻҪܹɱɹУԺܻǡҶСЦ˵
̸һҶС뿪ˡ
㣬ѾһֻҪ˳ߣῴͨڰ˲Ĵš
ҶȥһˡҶСոջصһһһ洫˽
ΪҶСںħı֣ܶ˶ĳƺˣ㻻ʾǶҶС𾴡
ԭǿҶСѸնɱħһʥ۷ĸ֣ҶСʥ۷ĸֶܹնɱ˵ѾΪʥһˣû˻᲻𾴡
֪ˣȻȥɣҶС·һһ㣬ֱֱĴһ򴫵˳ȥ
ǣҶôһ
˿ѾҪ˯ŵͮͮҶСεЦЦһɨһеһоԺУʱСһϣһۡ
ɣһҾͻˡҶСŤͷżϳֳС̬ľ˵ҶСţڿ϶Ѿܹö˵Ļˡ
¶һ˿ɣҶСһǸСһȥ棬ȥĵطеΣգЩ˵Ϊܸߣ˵⡣
󣬾¶һ˿߷ߵ·˵˭ң뿪ҶСļСȥ
߾ȷģȻܹ̺ǿӮҲܹ˭֪᲻⡣
þһΪȫġ
źúҶС籧СͮͮһӳСʱСԵһ˰ݹĵҶСϸȥ˵ĵúħԴģʿ϶ǻһЩΪ
ҶС索ָлЩںħ½ƳŻЩͷƬȫ˳ȻյĹڣЩҶСȥ˾


1831 һ
ܲȻһɣ̨ͤ¥Щǽƶһ㡣
ܲûֱͣӷ˽ȥҲû赲ǵõһʱ򣬻Ҫ·ҪȻܹҲΪ˷ֹһЩ¶
ҶСΪԶû˸赲˵УֻҶСߡ
ܲҶСֱӳУУһɫ۵ӮϣƳĳĳצ˵ơ
ǶһһֹŴƣ֮Ī˿ڣĪ񣬷·Ƭصߡ
α񾳺ΪһǧԽԽ¡
ҶС߽󣬹ؽһǲǺӮҪ˵ҶСӮǱġ
ӮƽĿҶСһۣȻ˵ɣ
ҶСû˿ֱӾ
ŮɣʲԺ󣬿϶֮ŮӮҶС绳еСͮͮ۾΢΢һ˵
Ѿ֪ԼȲ˵ĻҶС綼˵˾ȿһ⡣
ˣҴûΪʲô֮ŮֻҪܹƽƽСҶС谮ĿŻеСͮͮ˵
ŮӺкӵĽͬŮϣܹһƽûйߵΪĶӣϿѵϲΪһҪһΡ
ӮѾҶСģȻЦ˵СӾ֪ǫ顣
˵꣬ضҶСʵ˵ħ˺ܶսǲģ
ţǧȷսǳ޴󣬿׳ۣվսǰԻһСҶС̾
ǰѾ˵ˣսǿޱȣϻƳ˹ԼǿʱĶû뵽ħ徹ȻܺܲȻˡӮ̾һȻĿͶҶС磬Ŀ·ҪҶС翴͸ʵûеĵõйսض
УҵõϺܲȫ棬ҪһЩܹɽȥԭҶСʹĳˣȻֱóƤͼֽһЩ㲿ͼֽ
ҶСʹ죬Ӯ΢΢һʮ͵ĿҶСһۣһããҹȻûп㡣
ΪҶСҪۣǲóû뵽ҶС˵ʹ죬˵ڴǴϣҶСĿ궼һµģǾǲʢģ壬
Ҵл㡣ӮӹЩϣȻվҶСһ
ҶС粻Щݣһα񾳵ĸ־ȻϹɼӮнķҪλãһϵģǴ
̫ˣҲǻˣӦһЩΡҶСǫ˵
˶ôͺˡӮ΢΢һ̾лЩΡ
ҶС֪Ϊ˵ΪҲΪǿ󣬵Ȼкܶ˶ΥǸͶ뵽˵ֶֻˣһ־ûͶȥ˽ĵԵʡ
ĳ˵ͬһˡӮٴ̾һãҶС˵ʵȥ;飬ȥԻһʱܹʲôʱκܴУͻὫûֻлԻһܹãܹú˼ס֡
ܽˡҶС繰˹֣м˵
Ӯ˼Ӯǰе˼ϣȵΪ֮ʱҲ֮ʱ򣬾˭˲ʶ
뿪˺ҶСѾ˾ģ뿪һһʱ䣬ȥٴͨڰ˲Ĵš
ų̂ףԼ̨ףû·Լ·
صһҶС鿴ľ¥Уһˣŷǧ
һһӳŷǧԡ
һͻȻ֣ŷǧȻͷҶСʱЦݣ漴¶һĨĸˡ
ǻˣСӶ֪ҶСˡ
ѣҪĲЩǶȫȫ֡ҶС絭һЦ˵
ŷǧû˵ĿͶСͮͮұɣ
ҶСͷȻСͮͮݸŷǧ
ӹСͮͮŷǧСĿѾ˯˵СͮͮϷĸĹԣܲģСͮͮŮ
ŷǧӣҶС羲վû˵ʲô
˺һŷǧ˵ߺ󣬻Ҳ˺ܶ顣


1832 صķɫȹŮ
ߺһʱ䣬ֶ໥ľ塢ѪӰȵȣЩĴ½ǻһֶȥˣֻľ崫˺Ϣ壬ǻһֶ˿
ȻЩֵǻģҲûռˣעĿһصŮӣɫȹնɱʮľһ֣˵࣬ǻˣǸûвŮӵټƾճֵһ㡣ŷǧҶС˵ͬʱЩɻ
ҶСЩ棬Ҳϲǵˣ
ҲѰҹŮӵϣǸûκεϣǵӣͲװģ˵ŮӦǸϹɢ޽̳ģ˭Ҳ֪ŷǧЩε˵
ĵشﲩ˭Ҳ֪˶ϹŶҲ֮е顣ҶСЦЦ˿˵
ĳҲΪĸˣϾǿʢ˭Զкô
ȫȥˣҶСѯʵ
ҲǣһʱУһ㿪ٵЩСϺЩ޶սеĳȥˡŷǧ˵
ȥˣҶСü
ǲǵڼ飿ŷǧЦ˵
ҶСЩĵĵ˵ͷϾһε°ʱ֣¼ŮӾҪնɱˣǼٵġ
ģǲµģʮʹ߶ڰиţӡǣһЩǾͿץסȻʳʲôˡŷǧһЦаյ˵һӡ
ҶСЦһ£ǽǵ
㲻Ұɣŷǧ΢΢ͷһС¿˿ҶС硣
ҶСҡҡͷѾˣҹ㻹֪Ϊ룬뽫Ǹڼ龡ץԺҪôðգǶ˵ҪҲϣУκһܵ˺
ŷǧ˵ͷ
ŷǧСͮͮҶСҲܷģһתһܣ鿴һһУһЩҪĲ֣Ȼ㲼˵ݶ󷨵Ҫ֡
һʱ䣬ҶСħһеȻû˥ȻҲΪʱûзʲôµԵʡ
ʱ򣬳ȥŮȫعˣ·ϲûʲô
ºҶС֪Ǹֵڼ鼫Ϊºܳһʱ䶼ʲôˡ
»СҶС
һһ˵Ĳ鿴ǷˣӹȻԲ鵽ڼ飬Щҳϵл᲻ܣȻҲһܣȫ鲻ӵĻЩиˣ²εӰ
ʱҶСһк뿪һҪȥѰͨڰ˲㾳ȴš
񹦣Ҫڹ쳾򣬲Ĺ׷Ѱ
뿪һıԼòڻǸˣߵﶼᱻϳΪõ͵ãαװ·˼ס
һһ㣬һֵߣʱеƽȫͬ
ҰУǲɫģе˶ǲɫģȫɫӰ
ҶС羲һУϸĸܵеı仯
ÿз仯ʱ̶ֹͬûһƬͬҶһ㡣
ҶСоߣйԺʱѪӰǱߴһϢҲһϢ
ϢǣʮһֻȫѪӰһѪҺһ˸ɡ
ϢǣѪӰһطһɫȹŮһ֮նɱѪӰһ֣ӴƵϿŮʵǿޱȣȻѾﵽʥ۷塣
ϧϴŷɫɴͿò
һʱ䣬ɫȹŮӵĸϢϴ˵ĿʱֱŮȻ¼࣬ȴǿнֵĻ⡣
ʢĿѾˣһո¶ͷǣྺ·Цһ
һȱӢ۵ʱһ컹һ
ܶýϣɫȹŮӵƬսĳɱϣнüӣĹˮʵɱأԲע⣬ͻŵ
һľ¥УŷǧڶŵԷϵϢһЩ˿Ʋ⿴ɫȹŮӵݡ
ǣͿʲôõĶ
Ҳ֪ôģǸоŮӵ·ʲôطһ㡣
˭ܹ³Ǹ˭


1833 
ʢ˵ʱУڣҲ˺ܶĸ֣ǶԱдΪڣնɱԷһĸ֣Ȼ𣬳ɾͺպ
ȻÿնɱһͬȾһ֣ôҲǾ޴ģ˻ΣϸӰžɱ䣬ҲӼ֡
½һïܵɭУһɫȹŮӻǰߣȹ󣬿·÷ҷĻ䡣
ŮŰ֣ʥصĸ֣һ֣Ϊﵽʥء
һ˵ټ·Ժܶ໹δȫɱ˷֣ǻǰ˰޵ӡ
ȥ棬˵صķɫȹŮˡһ˰޵˶һ˵
¶һ˿ļɵϽ뿪
ǵĻжȻɫȹŮӣһʾûУ·ûûпȻԼ·
ûйãɫȹŮϢһӴ˳ȥеһֶĦȭƣҪ˵еŮӱһ
ŮӵĴԽԽ࣬ʲôϵе֮ŮʲôδһܵŮŵȵȣָţϡ
һǰʱͻȻ䣬һȷΧľϵҡΣּ𣬵ϿݻƵҶ졣
ǰɫȹŮͣ˽Ųǳȹڷз裬͸ҶͶ°߲Ӱӣҫϣǵ⣬·ǵ׺ĳװΣ绪ˡ
ǰռ΢΢һӳ֣ɫۼףӺݶߵ۾һ㣬ֱëΪѾʥأϵűŰϢ
Ǹ˵еδһܵطɫȹŮӣ۾һбɫȹŮʵ
һ־Ӹ£ƲӣƺɫȹŮӵЩ¼
ʲô£ɫȹŮӵƳһӣ˵·ǹ۵ң֣ܹ˾ʹ˳١
ûֱӻشԷ⣬ֱʡ
ˣһ㲻ܵ𡣡ӶŷɫȹŮ˵Щ˷ܡ
ȷʵЩŮӵʵôǿܾ˴ģʱܹնɱɫȹŮӣôò˶೤ʱ䣬־ͻڸһһá
ְɣɫȹŮƽ·иûһ㡣
㡭ãȻˣҾͲˡбųһâһ棬˷·ڵӵϵȻŷɫȹŮӳ
ɫâγһ޴ͷѪſһǿ·ҪɫȹŮ̽ȥ
ΧľҡΣıɫҶпݻƵҶȫԶֻ޴߿С
ɲǼ䣬ЩҶȫΪޣ·߿һĻһ㣬·ɫȹŮӱ߿еĻҲˡ
ֻ޴߿ڣɫȹŮӲûκεľţֻߵĿھһߵľʱ֣һиָ
ơһԾ·ǵ˸йϵܡ
һһָ̺ǿָ˿˿âһӵͷͷ
䡪
ǿ˳ֻɫâ۶ͷһ飬Ϊɢ
ǡľ׷׳ľƬһƥռ䡣
ӱһǿײĵ˳ȥݺݵײʮľ
ɫȹŮƮɶһ˫Ϊ峺бų⣬һģƬռֱݣһǿޱȵѹŷ
ܵһ˵ϵ¶˿־֮ɫڸܵǰŮʵǿԶԶǶ֣ЦΪԷǱ˴ģܲǰսڿֱ
ͣ֡ҡӸϽ˵¶֮ɫ
вĽɹͷʲôϣʲôȫˣкܶûһˣʲôɿˡ
䡪
ɫȹŮ£ǿֱӽӺһࡣ
ǰսҪľ򡣡ɫȹŮƽ˵
ͨһδεսõģǱ˴ġ
ɫȹŮӿ˿նɱӣȻ½ĿǰܹΪ飬Žһࡣ
ϲٵٴһֵĴʱһʥصŮ˹˵Ͼ;֮ɫ
߰ɣŴ߳ҵΪܹͻƵʥءɫȹŮӺƽ˵


1834 ޴չ
ʱ󣬴½һϢɫȹŮӣһնɱʮ֡
Ϣػʱ˶ˣýϣСж顣
ǻֳһ
ǻİ
ٹʮ꣬ǻĻ᳹𣬸òźˡ
˶˷֮ɫһЩŮ߻ѧǷɫȹŮӵӣҲ˷ɫĳȹ
ϢɫܲÿǷ·𿴵һҶСǿ
һҶСѾ㹻ˣѹƵ˶ȥٶһˣ˵ʵһõϢ
һսȻڼɫȹŮ뿪󣬱ʧˣ·ûгֹһ㣬ȥ̽ǵټûѰҵ
飬ҶСȻĪϵ·һ㣬ʼһ۹⿴磬˻¡
ĽֵϣҶС·һԹһ㣬ȺǵͬҲŸָ
߲㣬ԼȾ˵ǿЦܹȾڰ˲أ
ơơ
ѵ˵ڰ˲ԼĿһΧڣҶСһǰߣһ۾ͻȻ
ûв´ĻһһĿΧС
ʮߣҶС߹˺ܶطǴһһ㣬ۿ硣
ʮʱûϢֻǻеǰУѾ˷򣬵ǾҪôҪٴ
ûѾˣͻƵڰ˲Ĺؼƿأһ䣬Цһ䣬˳ɺӡ
Ҫġ
ҪЩһκܳܳ·Ҫߡ
ʱͬǴҶͶİ߲Ӱ£ЩӰҲʧ
µʱܿȥˣҶСȻУģЩҶС˿¶벻ҶС绯·˼ף·ҡ
ҶСȻ£ȻûнڴٴγʱʲôĴ£š
µʱһȻսܶһԶ嶼ڹעЩˡ
ǶǲŵʬǳɾÿһһǿжմȾ޾ѪҺ
źɫȹŮӣԴ߳½󣬱ʧˣ¶ûг֣ܶ˶ٴһķɣľա
ԴӸα񾳸̶Э󣬸ʵڿٵķչ˵嶼ŬĻ·ȴʲôһ㡣
ҶСṩսͼֽ󣬾Ϳʼзԭϣսͼֽȫԭ
Ժս˻սһΪһ
ĽչѾϰƼʱ䣬˸ЩоֶĿ˲żõҩҺҲΪ˲ǵʧ
ϾΪУܹȥоʵ̫ѵˡ
ڷչҲڷչһҲڷչҶС統ȻͼֽӮЩͼֽϵѾȫЩҲӥһݣǶо
µʱ䣬ŮˣǷ׷״СרսĵϻعˡѧԺУֶ˺ܶʥ֡
ӸֵܹʢѾ˳ڽ׶ˡ
عƣðʥĸһֵعȻͻƣͻƱ췣ȻڣĴڷ·ǿĳͷߣǸߣǵøΪǿ
ȻҲһЩ췣ɥģЩ˵Ļ϶ûһΪȫҩҺѻģ˻ܹȹ췣ĻǾ̫ûˡ
ʱֹ˰꣬糹׵ķչʥֵ࣬һսҲԽԽ࣬ÿ춼иָŴһⶼǹһġ
һʢÿһ嶼ȫͶһһ
Ѿսͼֽȫԭ˳ȻԭͼֽЩ죬¸ʤħġ
õǿƼܶ϶ǼΪϡʯиָĺϽ
йսʱѾΪ˾УһЩҪԱսԱ˸Ͳ֪¡
ΪսѪھ£˹۵ȻޱȾ޴ġ
һĿƼչҲܿ죬ȻȲôǿ죬Ҳࡣ
һϣ˿ҲԽԽ࣬ŮĴ£ȻеĵϣѾչ˳򣬿չΪѸ١


1835 һ
ʱеϸɳߣһЩƬΡ
ʱ䣬ҶСûгֹһΣЩһֵ¼ϳ֣ķͷٴαѹ
ϲһЩЩɵġ
Լеı仯ҶСһ㶼ںһأעصΪ
һһ԰ʯϣҶС羲վݣȫ˳ɫĶϣմ˳˿ޱȣʱ¾ָԼӣΧҲὫҶС磬ΪҶС
ʱҶСһֱУûͣ԰󣬱
ꡭһ΢𣬻һĨ΢΢ҫ
ʯϵĽüͷҶСЩѣ̧һֻۣһһβŮվǰЦһ
֣ʯϣȻʱ䡣βŮգˮĴۣضƺ·Ҫʲô
ˣҶС΢΢һ漴̾һҲˡ
վʱž죬·𳤾û˶ͷһ㡣
ôˣŮͻȻᵲҶСǰСɵ΢΢һ壬Щ
£ҶС翴Ůʵ
ǰŮӵ䲢󣬹ҲǶʮУһ£ഺŮӣҶС粻˺ǵõһμʱͬװ硣
ң㻹Ҫȥѵȥһ𣿡ŮӿҶС˵
ѾΪһʱеϣǿȵȵ͵Ķֶùɭеζʹƶɵģ̺һȻú󣬿ΪƣͣЧܶࡣ
áҶСͷӦоǰŮӺ˼
꣬һ·˺ܶܶ࣬ĿǰһлûдﵽֿƵļ
ϲϲһ˿˿һˣͱ쳣ļˡ
ˣһ֪Ķ죬ɣŮӽҶСͷŴһ˵
ŶҶС£ʵΪҪң
ΪҸоɵر档ŮգˮĴ۾˵¶һ˿΢΢˷ܣ·ĳֺһ㡣
ҶСıЩȻһ˵ĸĶݵˣȻ˱˵ɵ棬֪˻ҪЦ
ðɣҶС˵ͷǰŮҲܺ档
빫԰ԶƵܰһҹУԶɫˮСɢŵܰСɻ裬ǡôȥŮԼȥ
һ󣬷Ա𣬻һ̣ҶС˿ûͺһڣɾ͸Ĳһӡ
ŮӺŵһ˭ʡ
͡ҶСǰϵӡŮЦ
ҹУԶﶼͶĽʺ޵Ŀ⣬·޲ôҶСλãһʻţϡ
Цʲô˵Ŀ⣬ҶСӶ˶Ůӡ
ҾȤŮЦһǳǳĹȻ΢΢ſ촽ϸƷʮˡ
ȻҶСѾǾˡʶָŮӵˣСȴһ˵ĸо
ǺǣлңࡣҶС絭һЦ˵
Ů̧ͷϸĿҶС磬·ҪҶСҪ˵ܸо㲻һˣһ˺ϲʣ۾֮о㲻һƽˡ
ΪԭŻңҶСЦЦʵ
Ůӵ˵ͷΪ棬һμҶСʱҶСǡ԰ȻǸʯϣû뵽˺ܶ죬԰󣬿ҶСȻбмֺ档
Ϊ棬һҪȻԲƽ޹ʵһ⣬ݵ˺ȹ
˵ҲһҪһҪȻƾʲô˼ҵ
ˣֻҪһӶѡҶС˵Ŀޱȣ̺һ棬財
һ̼䣬У˶оһ泩ǰеѹֲȫʧˡ
ҶСҲû뵽ԼȻʱͨ͸
ƱǸӾǾöԷľɢϲʱƵʾˡ
ȻƼ򵥣ȥ룬꣬ǧ벻ͨ͸


1836 
˷Ҳ֪ôȥͻƣҶСһã½ĿͶ˶Ůӡ
ҶСĿ⣬ŮһϷɳĨϼȻϽԴ׽ŲеĹ
йתٶ̫ˣкܲƽҶС絭һЦ˵
ŮӾһ漴̧ͷݺݵҶСһۣ·ҶС˵е뷨һȻ˿Уȫû˸ղŵš
ӣҶСЦ
ʲôЦġŮյĵҶСһۡ
ѡͻȻ䣬ɫˮСϵĲһʱ䣬УеĶ𶯣ԵüΪĹ졣
𣿡Ҳ֪˭һ
Ѿı䣬ؿҲѾȶϱͲܷ𣬵ǰжȴ˵ܲ򵥡
ôеĶ
ʲô飿
ҹУ˷׷һЩ˶Ͻܵ棬·ֻǰȫһ㡣
ҶСüͷһ壬òЩ𶯵Դ𶯣չʱɫ΢΢һ䣬УеС𶯣Դͷ޷֪
һ̼䣬ǻģң壬ȫ·Ҫʲôһ㡣
ôˣŮӵЩ΢΢Ļš
֪ƬռУҵĶĶһЩҡΣǵһ㡣ҶСü͵˼žǷʲô顣
ŮͻȻһƺſ֮ɫҾ֪㲻һˡ
ҶС΢΢һ˲˹ղŸŮӽͣɾ˵Ϊ
ӵʱŽ
һлָʱѾʼ׵µĸְ汾С
һΪֻ﷢𶯣Ҳ𶯣ȫԵġ
᲻콵ʾ
ѵΪĳĶˣ
ҶСĶУѡõϢ
һǷʲô£ҪȻҲȫ𶯣ҶС
㻹Ÿղŵ飿ŮգˮĴ۾ҶСʵ۹һ˿ĺ棬·Ҫ֪ҶСһһ㡣
ҶС˵ͷǰѵ룿
ǸʲôãҲ벻ף˷ԴŮûûε˵
ֲ㿴ĺڿģԭˡҶСĿŮһۣʱҲˣ㲻׼ؼ𣿡
ʱ仹硭ˣŮӸո˵˰仰ȻҶС˼УڲߣҽⱭ꣬;˳ġ
ҶСһ˵
ðɣҶСεĵ˵ͷ
ҶСεӣŮӿһЦɫˮС棬һ˫СŻΰεģ
һһ̣ȻСʱԴˣҶСƲѡ
뿪һҶСʮϤӣģʲôⶼУֹһСʱʱ䡣
Բ𣬽ʵ̫ˣֵôʱ䣬ʲô֣ôϵţŮͻȻһ¶˲˼ӣ漴ʵ
ʱ飬ǲǿ˵һԼҶС˵
ҽ责أŮӸû˿ԥֱ˵˵ԼֺĿͶҶС硣
ҽҶС磬绰***ҶС絭һЦ˵漴Ӱʧ·һһ㣬תۼʧˡ
ҶСͻȻʧŮ΢΢һ㶣漴üҶС硭ҶС磬ôôϤ
ͻȻ䣬۾Ƴ˲Զһƣʱ˹һ𣬡ҶС磿ȻҶС磿ֲÿ۾ЩϤԭ
ôû㷢أŮЩɥ˵
ȻҶСò͹ϵĲһ˿ֻҪ۾еһģһʹˣȻ֪ҶСʲôķıòȷǾҶС硣
ôôȻûв³ղ˴Ҫһǩߣ´һôɵ뿪Ůһ˵ͻȻ䣬·뵽ʲôһ㣬ĵЦ
ߣҶС粻򣬲طûĿߣ֪ԼȻߵ˶Ǳߡ
뿪ҶСչΣһɳ۶ȥͬʱչ۲ĵ
ߵΪʱһʱ䣬ߵƽΪ˺ܶࡣ
ǰʱ򣬵˾ĸ֣񼸺ǰʥ۷塢ʥһصĸ֣ࡣ
ͷչĻò˶꣬ʥֿ»ձ飬֮־ͨˣʥֲЩΪ֮ˡ


1837 ¼
һȻҲƽ˸˾ְЩѧԱҲŬ
תۣҶС罫һ򣬽£һϣĽѩᰵЩ⣬Ůڡ
ͷ׵һУһСŮǵСܣ׷Ʈɵһ꣬һʮֿĵӡ
ѾһˣСͮͮҲѾˣѧ߳ѧ˵ҧֲǼеĻﶼܹ
ҶСӰһУСͮͮǲһ㣬ͣ˽ŲŤͷĿҶС硣
һǷ۵ЦЦݣС˹
СͮͮˣҶСһһСͮͮǰ˫־ͽ˻С
ְ֣СͮͮС·ен
ԣСͮͮѾˡҶССͮͮԲĹĵСǴȰ˵ո׼չȥСͮͮ۵СȻͱһֻСֵסˡ
ôˣϲְ֣ҶСЦʵ
СͮͮЩָҶСߵĺ롣
͡һЦӲԶҶС翴ȥֻŮ˳ǶԼСͮͮ
һˡҶС翴˵Ȼһ˳
ȻŮ֪ҶСʵǿޱȣҶС뿪ûκϢǵĲѣϾǶʱ䰡
񿴵ҶС簲ȫع飬Ǳһ˿˿˺ܶࡣ
ŮҪĶܼ򵥣ǲʲôЧΪ壬Լ˲Ҫġ
ŮȻûκǳѾ˵һС
ǻȥҶС翴Ů˵Ȼһ¥Ĵȥ
ôʱûмǵΪ˺ܶ࣬ˡ߽ҶСŮҶС翴Ů˵¶ǸĿ⡣
ôʱˣǵΪĻǱˡͯЦ˵
ŮлаСͮͮҶСƽޱȣһܰ
ʲôյ飬Ϊնɱ̫ˣӿԼļеһиĶᱻųɾ
УҶСŮţһʼŮĻⶼΧСͮͮ˵СͮͮɳḶ́˵Լƽʱȵȡ
Ů¥дĸСʱĺܻ·Զôܰȥ
ΪòҶСԵʣСͮͮҶС绳вƾŮ˵ƤӣСͮͮȻҶС绳С
ˣŮֻˣǲǲҶС籧С֪ͮͮҶС绹кܶҪСͮͮ϶㡣
ΪһӣҶСȻСͮͮϲСͮͮ˵ҲʲôǱٵĵ뱣ķ沢ְ
ŮһкҶС㱧Сͮͮ
ҶСʱѾİɫˣ·Ѿ֪ҶСᵽһ㡣
Ѿ³Ϊʲô顣ҶС磬ҶСЦЦ˵ȻһԵϡ
˵ͷ
ô£ҶСɻĿ
Ҫˡƽ˵ɫһ˿ء
ǣҶСɻˣ֪˵˭ǰɽǸŮӾСһˣ󣬻ָһЩҲСһЩˣЩ˵ʲôˣҶС粻֪
ʱҶСһָо˵ĻȻҪޱȣ˵һš
ʱкڣһĴսչΪһս˷һʧ磬ЩƣƲ⣬пʱ֮ǰһġ
Ǹʧ磬綼࣬عƣԾΪǿȱĹһɹǸʧͻһ㣬ӵɵķеĴǸҲõľˣΪϧ֮ѣ޷ֻգǸʧͷȻҲʱʱиֽвɼҩȵȣûС
ʱĩڣһƽ٣ϯʮأΪһ£һ˽УȻ󳹵׷ӡǸطʱȥˣû뵽վع顣ɫޱȵ˵
ǰйϵҶСʵ
˵ͷǼ򿪷ӡףȻǴӡʧ磬ҲиִҲӡǣǳķ˵ڴͨ
Ļǽٺﻹǵ֮ҶСʮֵǵ˵
Щ˽ٺ󣬶Ҫʱǰ㣬س𣬵ʱ罫ҡ


1838 
һʱĸ֣ԼĹ򣬳ǿʳһִԼطһƬ͡
ǽƱػɺܴĳĲͬȻìܣսǱġ
οҲԵ̬Ļ̫ˡ
ǶɣãҶСʵ
ǡ
ЩĽʱ䣬֪ǻʲôݳ֣Ǹ߸ϵ̬ߵֻ̬Ǻƽ͵̬ҶСʵ
ҡͷ֪ǴĻһԵ̬֡
СǾΪҶСɻʵе㲻ɽŮѣҲ֪ҪСġ
Ϊ֮ҪСģǶжãô£㣬㶼ҪϵĿҶС˵
ΪʲôҶСѿڶ
ҶС磬һ˵Ĵܿйأ˭Ҳ֪ǳǵУǲʲôı
仰һذըҶС𣬺þãŽϢˡ
ֲؽ㶼СЩˣԭˡ
²Ҫ˵ȥԼ֪С˵
סҶС˵ͷ
ЩʲôıĻ´˳ȥ²ɿֻţЩ˾
ʵòôģǸӡǿޱȣƳҲһӾȫƳսǶƿһСڣһֵ˽ˡ
⻰ҶСһĻ⣬һǴ룬ôĳ֪
֪Ƕή١ҶСʵ
Ҳ֪Ӧþ⼸ʱ䡣ҡҡͷ˶٣ҶСԽ¸ˣ׼ϣûм֪¡
áҶСͷӦ
ϵϢ˺ܶ࣬˷򣿡ʵ
ţѾ֪˽·ôߣҪ߹ȥƿţ»Ҫһʱ䡣ҶС˵ͷ˵
һҶС뿪ˣֱȥ˾
Ϊ˵㲻ʲô
ҶСոյﾩϿգ߾ʹӥĻ
ҶСûԥֱӽ£в󷨣ֱӴԽռڡ
ſڣкöϢƿţֻˣÿһ˶ʥصĸ֡
ҶС˽Ƕ΢΢ͷǴккܶ˿ҶСĿǸӡ
ҶСͷ̫ʢˣһɧûܹѹƣЩϹŶҶСǴĲ硣
ǵҶСڵڣȻǺͲòҶСƽƽҶСĵλ
һΪëͷСϼѹ޴
λáӮָߵһ˵
ҶС΢΢ͷȻ˹ȥû˸˵ʲôҲû˷ԡ
Ϊ顢˸ʲô
λѾ˳ûʲô⣬ҶСпһε
ҶС羲ϣ˵˵һʱ˸ֵı仯ȼߵиֿƼƷзȵȡ
仯󰡣ǵĻҶСи̾
֪ղŲǰô£涼ָİ汾УǱҪһ𰸣ĻЩ˵𲻺õ鷢
˵˵ţͻȻǼ顣
˶ĿͶӮӮѾα񾳸ˣΪӮ϶֪ĳЩ
ӮĿһɨ˿ˣȻҡҡͷҲ鿴ʲôԭ򡣡
˶٣ʵңʲô̬ȣ
һƬң˵硣ûһĽ͡һʥغڵĸε˵
⻰˶Ĭ·˼⡣
ʲôͻȻӮʵҶС硣
ʱ˶ĿͶҶС磬Ƕ֪ҶС米ʱˣ붼֪ô£񶼲֪ôϾûжܹ˵ˡ
ȷʵ֪һЩ·ǳҪҶСɫص˵ȻĿͶӮ
ҶСĿ⣬Ӯ˫ֻӶŵɫųе󷨾ͱˣһ㵭ĹĻγɣȫ
˵ɣû˻ǵ̸Ӯ˵


1839 Ѱ
ҶС绷һܣȻ󻺻˵һʦʱĸֻή硣
ʲô
˶һɻ󣬷·ûзӦӣȻ䣬ڵĿ·һ㣬ÿĿһһŵӡ
ʱԵù֮ĵģֻԾ·
ҶСһ仰ǸͶһöذը˭ܹõʱĸֻع顣
һԣ˵ʱʱ򣬶ϲ֣Ϊֵѹ̫Ȳ˵Щ˵Ϊô־ͻһϢУһĪĸо
˵˵Ӯ쳹У·ĺĳӣһ˹ۺܳ׵Ľ˳

ÿ˶صĺһ£·Ҫе֮ȫ³
ʱ˵ĿⶼضҶС磬ƺ´ʲôһ㡣
ҶС罫ȫ˵һ飬Ȼֻ˵һʧ飬ֻԭû˵ˣҲ𾪵ˡ
ԭʱЩȥһ磬ֲãֲáþãһֲ̾һ˵
ǲҪȻǰ磬ǱϾѾ뿪꣬˭֪ǻôǵĵǶĿǰƽƵһ޴˵
ǰȻǹΪǵڣһЩȻܹò

һʱ䣬Уϡ
ҶСӳһպˮȻг飬ιСͮͮ·ڲκһ㡣
Ȼ֪ΪЩ˵ķӦ˼ңǿĸֽ٣Щ˲ʼį˵ͻͶĻǾͻΪ˵һȻԸ⿴ġ
ԴǵһΪ˻ģΪҶС翴ǶôĿЦǵĿĶһģǾǲܹЩʱĸƿػġ
û˵ЩΪߵĻʲô磿ӮѯʵҲ¶һ˿ĳء
ûУжϣһʼٵΪߡҶС˵һ䣬㲻
˰Ƕ»û˵һȻ
£Ĵ㣬Щ˽ٺǵĹأԼ˻ˣһжΪǻ룬ôǽҲ޷ȻǵĻǾҪӦˡ
Ӯһܽᡣ
У˺ܳһʱҶСص뿪صһ
ҶС磬СͮͮԵú£ﶼһӡ
ڶ죬ͬʱ̣Ҳ̫߹ʱؼһҶСַǳȷУǹ𶯵Դںƺ
ε𶯣·ǻϽһ㣬˵Ĳ²⡣
ʲôۣʲô췣۵ȵ˵ϣʵйΪ֮ûһõϢ
£˻Ӧ˵ҪһЩĸִӷӡ״̬ѳˣıûйĽ͡
˵˺ܴռ䣬Ҳûа취İ취һ͵Ļǿµۻ֪ݻʲô̶ȣ˵ʱĸҪ٣»ңˣģɵ˵һһ֡
ְ֤취ǿеģҵĸϢһӱֹסˣǿʼ˷ϢѰһЩؼҪȻԲ²⡣
ϣĲ²·ǳˮһЩɶӰ죬Ϊ²̫ˣû˻ŷ֣οܶ˶ٶȷʲôҪϢ
磬Ϧ£ɢأͻأ䣬һӰãã棬µϦӰĺܳܳ
ĳȻ˻ĺܶ˵ע⣬ǿһӰʱɫһ䣬ʲô󣬶֪˻ֵġ
ʱһҶСɫҲһ䣬·ܹռ䣬һֱһ֮⡣
ʲôҶСзһʡ
һأҪͲܣολڡ
˼治֪ʲôˣȻܹó󷨣Ҫȥ¶ǲסãã棬վ۵·ܹҶС粼õ󷨣ֱӿһ
۵¶һ˿غͼɵ
ͻȻ䣬ǰԶһ׵Ӱ֣
£񵭵ʵ
ǺǣϴεҮͻǸ϶ĵǱǸˣҺãûгʲô¡˵Ȼ˵ĻǵǸûһ˿Ǹ˼
־磬飬ҲһֱȥԲ׸ġ
˵Щ˵¡
Ӧ֪Ŀġʵ
񵭵Ƴһۣ˵ģǺһ
仰˵꣬ʧˡ


1840 
ɫһ䣬ΪʱˣȻ֪˵ʲô˼
ѵ˵ǸʱдڵģˣΪǸ磬޾ǻҲ֮е顣
һ̼䣬Ӱʧ·ûгֹһ㡣
ʧҶСһȻ󷨵ıЭ涨˭֪᲻ͻȻ֣Ͼݶϵ󷨻ûƣһ󷨣ǰŬҪ׷ˡ
Ŀǰ˵һѾȶǸڼ⣬ҪҶСȥģ˵ĸְλǸ˦ƹ
ϲȨ罫ЩȫָˣҪľǾ
ѾϲĿƣֻҪٽʮȻ϶ΪһͿͻƵڰ˲ˡ
Ѿ𶯵鷢ˣÿͬһʱ䣬𶯵鷢
ҶС֪ҲЩ֪ʧһ˿¾Ҫˡ
죬ͬһʱ䣬𵴣ƽ£ǻĺܶ˶Щ˴Ϣʵԡ
»ûжӦǣ췢ͬ飬Ҳ
ܹ죬˲鿴ѰϢҪ֪ô£վûѰ
鳹׵Ĺעα񾳵ĸֶˣȻûв鿴ô¡
죬ͬһʱ䣬ٴε𶯺ǰһǰȫûйɿԣڷ·ˮĲһ˷ɢ
ĵ㣬ڲ鿴
¡
𶯹ؼһ죬ر󣬷·ǻ֮ǰ㣬ض
ˡ
һǣϴ𶯣彵٣ֻ֪ʲô顣
ִ²ϷǰǸƽѰѾıˣ
˶顣
һСͮͮˣҶСüͷĸоڲϵزǵĲһµġ
ʫտͮͮȥ鿴һ¡ҶСŲԶĺʫ˵˾䣬˾ʧˡ
γããʱѾˣɫҲء
˲վһͬʱߣǶˣǸԴͷߵķ
ӣǻɳĮǱߡҶС˵
û˵һ仰ֻǾĿš
ꡪ
ͻȻ䣬Ƭؼôһ·ʲôһ㡣
תۼ䣬£һ⣬ɢǿ۵Ĺâܶ˶ۣǾҵķ
һĻֵܶɫˡ
һӺħ½ʣţһƬƴӺħӿ
ôܣһľ崫漴һɫâʡ
һ̼䣬α񾳸ֶŻɳĮƬж֮⣬кܶʥصĸֶ˹ȥ
ȻɣǾ֮ϣĹâ̫Ĺâڵסˡ
УɫâԽԽãɲǼ䣬ЩɫâΪ˽ɫĻꡣ
һĻһ˪ɫ΢΢һ䣬ӡѾˣȻûȫ飬ҪһҪˡ
ҲȥɣҶС˵
˵ͷ˷·Ϊһ£նȥתۼ䣬ǧľ롣
ҶСٶҲֱ˺ѿռ䣬жٶȱ˵Ȼ˿·硣
Ƭ̼䣬˱ɳĮشʱѾ˺֣ܶ࣬и壬ǶƬպԶصĿƬش
ҶСҲһǾʮ๫ľ룬ȻƬѾûнɫâɢˣҶС绹Ǹܵһָߵȵ
Ȼ䣬Ƭշ·Ǻγһ㣬ٵķ
¡
һ죬漴Ƭշ·Ǳһǿ˺˿һ㣬һѷ֡
һǿޱȵк£ˣ쫷𣬻ɳγһɫľ
ʱһӰѷֶϵޱȵǿ
תۼ䣬ƬУմ֣нǧ֣ȺУα񾳸֣Ҳʥ۷ĸ֣ʥءصĸ֣ǣЩ˶ޱȣα񾳸⣬ûһ˵䳬˶ꡣ
ʲôʵʲôսֱ˸о־
Ⱥˣÿһɫ˱䡣
֣ɫѿޱȣΪЩ˶࣬һǺڷһǽ𷢣иɫͷˡ


1841 û
ÿһɫ䣬ӵս¸ͶˣѹǣͻȻ䣬뵽ǸЭ飬вɵһ
ǵʵǿ󣬵ѵܹǿɣǰʱǶеǩǸЭ飬Ϊһֺܶ࣬ҶС磬ͷ̫ʢˣһѹƵĴȥ
ЩңҿǩЭ飬ҪȻƾնô֣ѹơ
ããգŰٰʮһָķװվǷ·˼ʲô
ҶС۾΢΢һУʱһЩУα񾳸־Ȼʥصĸжʥ۷ľжʮˣģֻʥ࣬İ
һɿµȲ˵ĸ֣͵α񾳸ֵۣα񾳸Ժɨһ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСһ¶˲֮ɫ·ǿʲôΪһ㡣
ʧ罵ٵȺУһΪۣ׵賤ۣɫīһĳһɫ˿ϵţĿü˵͸¶һɾ֮硣
˵ģҶСԲǣǾԭӦ˵ӡ
ôܣôѵֻɺϣᣬʲ˭ӵеģһҶСо롣
£ߡ
ʱ˶һ㵭»գûܹ͸ǣ˵Ҳ
šҶС˵ͷȻ˵һ˵òʺǰһͬѧһģһ
Ŷ¶һ˿֮ɫˣ
ǡ
ͻȻҶС뵽һ飬նɱһʧˣѵ˵ûǽʧ硣
뵽ҶС罫¸
»۳£˵Ȼд飿
ǣʱΪѾˣڿûҶС˵ͷ
һȻ󻺻˵ȷʵûʧˣʩչ˴ͨͶŵ磬նɱѾˣʵͨĳͨٴλصʧ硣
ԭ񾳸־ȻֶΡҶС¶һ˿Ľ֮ɫ
ﵽΪļ㣬ǵֶλҪǿ󡣡˵
ʱУǵѷѾʧˣɫĨϱ˺Сڷˡ
ǾŰٰʮһֶǷֳӪһӪǺڷĶˣһӪͷΪɫˡ
ΪףǱһΪף˵ʵѾﵽʥ۷塣
Ȼ˵ʵԶԶЩα񾳸ֵĶ֣дα񾳸Ȼ˹ܹʧ綨Ȼкı
ûڣû뵽Ѿӡڷ׵ɫ۵곤̾һ˵ƺЩЩį
ҶСѾȫܹ
˵ǰ磬ֻǣû뵽㾹Ȼع飬̫ˡʱ˵Ȼƽȴų
˲˵ʲô˼ҶСȴף˵ֻ类նɱųǸ磬ڽĶ̡
ûʲôǵһʼ߸ϣΪͨ죬һΪûУתۼ䣬Ǿƽƽˣ̫ˡһЦ˵
ķҲ൱ϬֱӾ˵˶ԷԼ
ĺ־Ҳ൱ߣɫ˿䣬ʥ۷ͿʲôҪ˭ܹͻƣﵽα񾳣ǾЩ˻ûͻƣͻٴαնɱǸʱ򣬿ɲеڶˡ
ٸԼԤ𣿡˵
󣬽һĨ⣬һû˵֪˵棬ԼĶ֡
û뵽صĸ־Ȼô࣬徹ȻˣҲǣĴ½ҲǺĴ½һ֣٣عָˣҲҪ򿪷ӡºһ˫Ŀ·ܹԲ๫ڵһУ
ȻΧ˶ܹ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ǿôºܲ򵥣Ŀ·֪ܶණһ㡣
ʲôˣħα񾳸ɢɫʵħα񾳸ֲϴǰһ
ľ塢塢ѪӰ廹α񾳸ֶ֪ƶ󣬷·ٸһ㡣


1842 
α񾳸ֱͻգϺˣϯⷽأһεѹ֣Уܶɫ˱䡣
һα񾳸֣һα񾳸ͬʱͷųԼƣ赲α񾳸ֵĸǵѹ
Ǿʲôˣħٴѯһ䣬ϳ֮ɫ·Ԥеʲôһ㡣
ʲôˣӦѾ뵽˰ɣôԼжϣһЦ˵档
α񾳸ɫһ㣬΢΢𶯣ȷʵѾ뵽˾ʱڵһˣΪԴӽǾͲ鿴֪ʱĸ޹ʧ٣·һҹ֮ȫʧˣɵأʱǾͲЩ˻ȫʧ񿴵һбЩˡ
ʵԸصһҲǾʱһ֣ʲôһ漰۾ͱȽϸˡ
Ǹʱһˣħһ˿Ĳʵ
ǡҡҡͷʱǸֵΪֻôͣϸ˵ǵĺ
ֻǺħα񾳸ЩʧǸʱ˵ĺǵΪܹ࣬Ʋ˵׵ʲô硣
תǾˣһ뿪ռʱΪޱȣοѾʱ䡣
ôǻǶֲɣα񾳸ֵǣǣǸҶ𣿡ʱЦһ˵
ȻΪƽȴǿţΪԷҶ֡
ȷʵҶ֣Ȳ˵ܹܲùԷؼα񾳸ֲһĸ֣Ǵ򲻹ܣЩֱΣǿµġ
α񾳸֣йâһ˿˿Ȼ뿪ˡ
һˣ޿κΣֻܹأʵǻŪʱһЩ࣬ǴʽͲܡ
żʱ䣬ıҶЩʶˡ̾һ˵·ܹռ䡣
ǰ˺ܶ࣬ǸˣøѶԸˣԶһĻҶС뵽ͬʱΪ̨ҲǿӲ֮ѶԸ˵жǱȻġ
ߡ국ƳһȻһָ뿪
뿪Ƭ˵Ҳ߰ɣЩСЩô
ϣһʧˣ·ûпΧĸһ㣬ȥķǻ½Щˣ˵ĸָ޷赲Ͼα񾳸ֻ֣ܹעǵĶ򣬲һЩֵ顣
߲ơ˵ĸ֣ϵ»Էͬʱʧ
صһϣص·ʲô鶼ûзһ㣬ΪĵȻ
ҶСոճһ˶Χ˹ѯҶСʲô飬ĽѩᰵЩһҲڡ
û˿ҶС罫ȫŮĽѩʱü΢΢һ壬·Щ⣬
С磬Щ˽٣᲻ʲôӰ죿ͯʵ
֪˭Ҳ֪׼ʲôҶСҡҡͷǶʱڣӦûʵʵģΪǻĵơ
£ǾͲҪˣػǸκβǡҶСЦЦ
ŮȻҲ֪ǺܰȫΪҶСǣϾҶСΪ˵ĸһЩǱҪȥģ棬ȫɲŮġ
ϣѾһƬһЩ˽ǳʱֻϴϣ˴콫ˣҲһжԵˡʱŷǧ˵
㲻׼ȡʲô취𣿡ŷǧҶСѯʵ
ܹʲô취ֻܲȡ̬ǾҪЩʲôҶСü˵
һ˵Ľٳ׵ƽ磬Ӱ켫Ϊ޴˭Ҳ֪ʲôĿģ˵ʲôı
ļһ˦ƹġŷǧһЦ˵
ҶСһЦҲûа취ҵķͷ̫ʢˣܶϲٽȨץвţ»и˶п˵Ҳʲô뷨
ӮȻҲԴΪأÿ˶˽ĵģҶС̫ˣȨӮͻ룬ҶСǲҪȡ֮
ҶС൱ȡģϿûʲôȨʵյȨܴ󣬿һ£ܶսŵ˶ϾָսźͺħսΣһЩսڸǣжǳĸм
Դʧ罵ٵˣҶС׼ȡԾƶĲԣȲΣһЩ˹עǵж
ҲˣûʲôõĽ


1843 ʹ
УSʡĵڶУ۹ģ;Ȫв£ΪȪSʡľáΡĻģеķ̶ȶܹȪС
ʱһ·ϣһ׵ɫ۵ڻš
бǰӷˣַıȴ˵⽣ӰԶԶǰַһֺгȶʢ
ŵ·ˣе·Եĵ̣¶һ˿廳һ˿
ӻɳĮ뿪ֱУĹǰĵطһĻĻ̵Ļ䡣
Ҳط˴Ӵ˸ı䡣
кҵǰҵıȻѾûκˣǱȻڣֻΪʱûס˶Щߡ
ɨ񽻸ˣԼ˳ϤİĽֵǰߡ
ϤĽֵһĻĻĸǰ
ĽѩһĶŮӣ÷С޲£ΪԼԺܹȢĽѩΪޡ
ĽĽѩԽԽԶˣֱαһΣܾе鶼һɲģŮӵ˼Ҳı仯仯
ȻܾûиоɥΪŮ̫׷Ļûսԣֻ׷˾ܾԼεŮӣǲ汾¡
ʱһĬĬţƽῴһ۵˳ĽѩߣҶС磬ҶСĳһ˿Σ
ΪƾԸҶСֱ׾ٵģû뵽γ֣ûκζԷһҶСĽѩ˻ᡣ
ҶСĽѩһʱбŭͺǺе˼ȫ˳
Ӵ˺ϾͺҶСΪ˵ˡ
εĽ棬·磬ؼҵҶСභĽ
һգ˴ԼܹõĴ࣬ôȻһԾΪȨƵˣϧԷǡ
ԭȡжר˴ߵŮ˹
˹ȫ޸ԣֻˣΪ׵һˣŰ顣
ҹѩ׷ףӨѩȾһѪҺ˱նɱ˹Ϊ˾
˹ܴĴһ̣ΪŮӣ˹ĸ飬Ҳ˹֪ԼȻ޷˵Ķá
ϧ׵̫ˣҲ̫ˣոմеŮӣ棬һ߱ʬ塣
ҪҶС磬κΣҶСɳ̫ˣΪ
ΪԭҶСնɱˣΪҶСնɱ֪ԼʵݣΪ˰ĤĶ
ĻԺв֣һžӨ۾䣬һžӨˮΪǸ˹ŮӶʹΪ֣ݸ߹ȻǸŮӡ
ҶС磬лˣ㣬Ҳн죬֮ˣɣһ㳢ʧȥһеζΪ˻˵ĸôһʧȥݣԶ˳ݣôһųꡣ·ԣһЩҶСӰĹƺ
һɿµƱɲǼ䣬ΧĸָϽ㣬ĿǼɵ·һ㡣
ʵĺô𣿡ȭͷ˵ǸʵһУȭͷ󣬱ǵ
ΪĻڽֵôͷųԼƣ¶붼ᱻ˺ݺݽѵһ١
·ߣһֱߵһſڣ΢΢ͣһĸУʱѾûŨʷĻϢһɱ֮
ΪȻܹܵһڣܶѧǽҪγ̣ĻΣȴǴҪġ
Ҳ֮٣ĴƾʵܹͷأȻĻ֪ʶҲԣȴѶȺܴ
ʲôˣﲻܹĵطϽҪȻɱҽӳȥһֻŸո̤У԰һŷǱߴ
Ťͷȥֻһ꣬ʱ΢΢һ㶣ȻЦû뵽ѧϰôõ㾹ȻΪ䵱
㣿㾹Ȼţ۾·Լ۾Լȷʵûпʱʮ𾪵˵
ǰͬͬѧ˵ĹϵͦģѧУҲرãڿӻĺܲ⡣
ұûһЦ˵Ȼ˹ȥ
Ե޹ʵʧ٣ܶ˶˵Ѿˣû뵽߻žͺá˵׼ȥļ򣬵Ƿ·뵽ʲôһ㣬վûȥ
öûмյѾȻȻϲãмȴһҡ


1844 
ӣЦһֺȻһļ򣬡Ƕͬѧô⣬Ժʲô飬ңܹģһæ
лܸм˵
ò˵ѾϸܵһԨ纣Ϣ˵Ϊޱȣͺ˼ҲһΡ
Ϊ΢ȻһԴʮָж
ҳڱչͲ֪Ѿôı仯ܹҽ𣿡ƽʵͿ˵ĶǼٻ
Ȼԣǽȥġָŷ˵
˵ͷ˱˽ȥ
һеŷռȻУһŻɫӣһɳһʯ輸
ܼ򵥣ȴɾ
㻹ǺǰϲɾǵǰʱǰֻɾҲڷŵĸ룬飬ʱ򻹻װһ£ײһ˿Ļ֮ɫ˵
ѵ㻹ǵáǸжˡ
һº㽫⼸껪ĵı仯һһȻҲ˵ҶСȫ¼
һԾţûдʱʱűĹâ
ĻһһеУ԰߶뿪ȪкߵնС
һڣҶСһУһĶãһ˼һ鿴Χ
еΪҶС綼
㻹αдϢҶСЦһ
ǱĿĲź׽ģҪȻĸԣͻװʶ
ʱҲ߷֪ĿҶС˿ûں
ĻҶС绹߿֣ΪĵˣΪڹĶǣƱѾޱȣ˵ȴˣ˵е㵨ӣ֮е㲻졣
ããϣӰ֣ҶС粼õ󷨼Ϊֻα񾳸ֺһЩ󷨴ʦܿټ˶
ʱСԶǿϢɢԶѵЩսŵ˻ΪλϻӸλˣҲûйĴš
Ŀ磬·ɨһ㣬ƬգȻûпҶСڵһ
ã˵ҶС磬֪ѾҵĵǶˣöûмɣ
ƽޱȣȻ󣬵ʱȴƬռ䡣
ЩѵҲ仰ǴĻУʲô˼
仰˵󣬱㾲վգ·ǵȴʲô
ʮӺҶСӰͻأ֣˾һ֮⡣
ڳˣԴ뿪ҾͿٴμ㣬û뵽գڼˡҶС絭˵
ûһ˿ɱ·ҶСϵǳһ㡣
ͣûȺãҪǣ仰Ů˵࣬οҶôϣԶ㡣ҶСһָϽ˵
΢΢һ㶣Ȼˣǰһ仰˵ж֮񱣬һ仰ȥ
һЦôûм㻹Ǻһ㣬ѧУһ˲Ű
ҲһôûмαˣѾﵽ˳뻯ľ磬ҶСҲʮƽ˵ƺڿ佱
ûʲôãҪʵȻΪҲﵽʥ۷壬ȴҲһܹӮҡ
ôڶ֣ɣʱԷ㡣ҶС˵
ҶС翴һȻһЦǶǻˣɱɱûбҪˣʵΪ˿ͬѧҲΪ˸л㣬лл㵱ڽΪҪȻҲн죬ҵЩһĲģ˵ҲͻƵһߵľ硣
Ļƽϴ΢ЦƺһмӣֻҶС֪Է޵Ҫ޲ýԼˣҲû㹻ġ
˲ԶЩҶСһ㣬ҪлҶС硣
лͲˣʵʵĻãòȻҲٴȥһ硣ҶСбųâ˵
𣿡һЦһ֮еӡ
ʱʮ㣬ΪǿܴĸǶȿҶСƣڲԸҶС磬ܹҶСΪʹࡣ
ôţǵõǸʱǱҲ˽ŵ£ҶûˣǲֿǸʸˣҶС糰˵¶һ˿Ĳм


1845 ϵĽ
ҶСһ仰ԭ桢һɫ˲ˣҶСһ˵ʹ
ȷʵǰʱҪг࣬Ҫҵмҵ׵ģȻܸҶС磬Զĳ裬ҶС˵£ܷŭ
ѾôȥԸҶС磬ǱҶСһ仰˵ģûģ·ԼӵôıȻκβҶСһ㡣
ѾӰǰˡ
ֻǵӡȫƿʱĸȫ٣Ż᳹׵İİɣϧĿǰʧֻܹôˣҪˡΪߵ˽٣ֻ÷ӡѷøҪܳһʱ䡣
һƽԼеŭ𣬺ƽ˵ϴҵʵ㣬ûһΣβͬα񾳸֣ǶԸһӦûûİɣ
һԾ֪ˣʲôˡҶСЦһ
⻰û˸ղְգ·ҶСһ仰û˵һ㣬֮ǰѾҶСߵĸ֡
ʱˣһ㣬ȻΪǸʱˣʵȻӵϵֶΣߵЩα񾳸ֶǽͻƵģǲ硣
ҵȻ֪ղŲǺ㿪ЦˡǺһЦĵĲʣͻȻĿһҶС˵ˣΪͬѧ㶼ȥסĵطι۲ιۣ
ԣֻҪҽȥҶСĿһһӣһεһ֣ͨһֱͨһ졣
̧һۣɫ˱䣬Ͻ˵ξˣһΣһš
ĿһҶСȻ뿪仰л˼һѾһơ
뿪ҶСЦһ֪һΪʾΪ˴̽ڵϧʧˡ
Ҷ͸ղǸг𣿡ʱһʥؾĸֳҶСǰ˵
еԹ̫ҪҶСЦЦ˵
ҶʲôҪģܷԸҾԲƴǡʥصĸ˵
лˣʱɱѵŶҶС뿪Ц˵
Ȼᣬ֮һţԼ˵ĻĻô϶ﲻߵľ硣˵
˵úãǾͿ㶽ˡҶСһļ˵˾ʧˡ
һҶСոս£ͿĽѩվһ¡
V˿װεİɫǳɫ֯һǳɫţг㣬ŵɫķСѥʮʱˡ
һƬƬһΧ裬·һֺ֮еϵһ㡣
ҶСһһӽĽѩǰ
ַһĿĽѩ佱ôûзԽԽƯˡ
ĽѩҶСһۣһ͸ҶС˼ʵ֪˵һ·ÿ
ٲһ䣬Ϊ·Ż˵ԽԽƯһôˣҲûм˵ٴο佱ҵĻ
ҶСڨڨһЦŮˣǲܹ̫Ǳһĺãǰʱ˵Щû뵽վȻ˵
˼˵ǰˣĽѩһĿһɣһʵ˵
ûûУûСҶСϽ˵
Ůˣʱϲŭ޳Զ³ǻЩʲô
ǰʱԼʱ˵һЩ佱ĻĽѩͻԵúܿģȻڣĽѩƽޱȣ˺ܶ࣬˺ܶࡣ
˶ڳɳô꣬ô飬Ľѩɳĺܿ졣
ߣ˵ĽѩһҶСĽţȻв
ˣոˣĽѩüʵɫһ˿˿Ĳÿ
ţûʲôֻ˵һ»ѡҶСЦЦĽѩϸ
ѾǺĽѩһôܣǵ㣬гԵԭʼĳ嶯
ĽѩϷһƬϼҲ֪ôģÿκҶСӴжĸо
һƽһ·ĺʵ˵Ǵʧ罵ٵģʧȫʱһ֣
û²õģڽٵЩˣκβǣʧЩˣҪٴν٣Ҫܳʱ䣬ӡôġҶСĽѩ˵ȻҧסǾӨ͸ŵâĶ
šĽѩĺ߳һоһɵ·Ӷһֱݵȫû
ʱҶСһֻһȫĽѩ˻С
Сܹܵ˴صĺĽѩ˫Ŀ룬ǺΣߵ˵
ҶС·ǵõʲôָʾһ㣬Ľѩ˲ʧ
һЩֵΪͣܿᱻѹƵ⣬һЩͣʱ̫ˣҪһεʧȻ˽٣ֻһֵĺǣҪȫ٣ҪӡȫƳǵΪǸϵġģһͻƣעһɳ졭


1846 
žµ¥УһȺɫװ硢ɢһܰķڣŮĦ˵𻨣֮ϵ𣬷·˳һ㣬һһ
¥УŮӶ죬ȫȡ
û뵽ѩ쾹Ȼô񡣡ͯ΢΢һЦ˵ɲĿһ¥ϵķ
Ѿˣ⻹ѩСһͬ㣬¸ӷҪҪҽֻ¼ɳľܿһЦ˵
ͯһû˵˵һ䣬˵֪ľܿ᲻˵Ϊ׵Ļ
ѩ֧Ų˶ˣҪȥɣ¥ƺʹƺ˷ܵĴϢľܿĹâת˿ͯٿ˿Եĺʫ
Ҫȥȥɣҡͯ˵һ䣬ȻϽ߳¥ȻҲ뱻ҶС谮ǣﻹеķŲ
ͯ뿪ıӰľܿЦȻ˵Ҫѧܡ
һѾҪšˮĺʫ˵ʫȥ
ʫûп˵Ѿľܿȥ
ƵһҪʼˡ
ҶСŮĻ֮ʱѾصڵıɫЩÿ
ôˣɫǳĲãǲǷʲô飿ͻأ䣬һûκװεɫ۵˳ǰ
ûмû뵽Ȼôſ⣬סĵطܲ򵥣ȫ󷨡ź˵
ղҶСʹĴͨȥǵеƺһӵˡ
ʧ磬ıǿȻûרѧϰ󷨣һЩ򵥵֪ʶǶģеķʽȻףȴܹо̺ϵ
Щ죬·𿴵һأֻҪȥ¾ͳˣŻϽ뿪
󷨣ϻܹʲôǿ󷨣α񾳸ЦЦ˵ţѾЩûʲôǿ󷨡
㲻ҪСκˣҵΪСŻᱻնɱģܶԸΪߵˣΪ͵ĶˣҪȫڵʱȻҲ̫󷨣סƬط¾ȥ˵
ȻһʼѾ֪ҶСΪвûйӣֱҶС磬סĵطչֵʵŷǳ
ҶС粻߳ǸطʱҪˡ
Ǹ󷨾Ȼôǿ󣿡α񾳸ЩݣչԼĸ֪ѲƬطûв鿴ʲô
Ĳ鿴ԽԽأþãһ˵ȫ鿴Ǳʲô͵죬ӶԷ󷨵ĲþͿƶϳϵ󷨱Ȼ£ȷʵǸŰ
仰˵꣬˿ı鲢ûʲô仯ʱŷ֪ҶС⼫ղ˵ǾҶСţ֪᲻ᴥùͷ
׼ôԸɱֱӹα񾳸൱ĴϽת˻⡣
ɱֱӹ̫ˣˣȻᾴǧ꣬ҪһãҪǧָųꡣűĹâ˵
²Ǻװɣ£˶֪ĹףҪɨأºѡα񾳸ɫЩԥ˵
˵ɱˣȽУȥ˷ʱڣͷˡ
ߣ£վԽߣˤԽңһٵһǵصġ
Ҫôȥα񾳸ѯʵ
ȴΧ֣˵ĸǾʹ֣Ȼĺ档о͸һ˿Ĳпᡣ
α񾳸һɻ֮ɫ֪ôȥ
Щ飬Щ˸Ͳ֪ôʲôҪģܷԸα񾳸ʮֹ˵
á˵ͷ׼һ£ȥҲǻˣа֮ģǶȻᷴǼ˰ɣ
¶һ˿Цݡ
ǣα񾳸ֹ˵Ȼʧˡ
վ˳ȥԶʵɽһ죬һῴޱҵӵġ
ʱҶСѾŮսˣĽѩʫľܿ΢΢ϢľڴϣĿҶС硣
ȻҶС粻֪ôԸѾȫ׼
С磬ĲǵʵôǿһʱԸ㣬ǾΣˡĽѩЩǵ˵Ѿ֪α񾳸֡
ôʹģ˽֣Ҳܹܣõģĵľǣ쿪ʼҾҪȥˣݶϣǧСһңҪˣҲҪʼЩҪĲˣݶϵ󷨲Ҳܹ׵ķǵĺ󷽡ҶСĵ˵


1847 
Ů´Ƭ̺ҶСǰܱߵĵ죬ûвȫЩ಼ó
ݶϵɣα񾳸־Դȥ˵һڹǣôƣʱҶСܹȫ
ƺգһ׵ɫ۵·ѲΣӸ߿ջα񾳸֣аʥ۷ĸ֡
ųúܶǿ߶ޱȣҲһЩĽ֮ɫһ˿ļʡ
ûнϰȫֻ˾ҪȥΪսΪ˼ˡ
תۼ䣬Ǿ˾ֱӽſڡ
˵ڵ죬¥ЩûзУʧסĵطΰĶ࣬ǲɾҲܹǿĵطѡ
ȻȻе㿴ǻҪΪˣҪȨƣܹƿˡ
α񾳸ɢޱȿ£·˳һϯ
ʲôˣǸ£һ˸ոս䣬ûüȥ߷Լۣһʥظ־˳ɫ·ûпԷα񾳸һ㡣
һα񾳸Ʊһӽʥظ֣Ƭռ䶼·ֱˡ
ղŻŵʥظɫ䣬ȫֹͷ亹ֱ
㡭ǣʲôˣʥظɵҲ֪˶Էʵǿޱȣ붼Ǵ˵дʧ罵ٵЩˡ
׼˵ˣôѵ·Ѿǿ󵽲Ҫα񾳡ʥ۷ֵĵزˣ˵
ȥһӷȣȻƽûͱ˵ӣȴһ޷ݵϡ
ǡȽȥͨһ¡ʥظָϽ˵¶һ˿Ŀ־壬һ˿ķŭ
α񾳸Լƣʥظһ£һһˣȻϽ˽ȥ
ʥصĸ֣һЦ˵һ˼
ҿǸȥλáһα񾳸˵
Цһ룺ĻһĻλ͸ڳɣ
ûйãղʥصĸ־ͷ˳һ˵롣
ʥظֵĴ£һһߴΰĴСһ޽ľǹŴʱִλ߸ϣܹһС
Ǹո߽ȥͿһɫ۵Ӯĸϡ
λδԶӭϣҪһʮ˽ӮĿһɨʮƽ˵
æǴ㡣΢΢һЦ˵Ȼ˲һϣʾҲ
ˣܲһ㣬ܹС
һӮʱ͸оӮѶԸ
ոǽſʱӮȻˣûгӭӣȻҲһƣô˺ͶԷΪһԷҲһҪԽӼ
֪λΪ˺£Ӯһѯʵ
Ѿ֪ǵɣǴʧģϸ˵ҲһصصĻˣǼǰ뿪磬ֻˣû뵽緢ôı仯̾һ˵
㼸ǰȥʧ磿Ӯ΢΢һʵȻзˣǱȴʲô
û뵽彵پȻô飬һ·˺ܶط룬Īʹ࣬⻹ǰսΪˣеʮۣˣ֪ôϷݵʮֱ棬·Ϊ˻Ϊһ㡣
ܹ룬ҵȻӭˣϾҲΪ˶ԿŽģǼɲһ˵㣬Ҫϵȵͬ⣬ϾҲѡٲģҸѹһУλáӮü˵һʲôë
֪ʲôʱܹһ𰸣ֱʵ
ʱӦе㳤ɣϾΪ϶ܹͨĳԱԴְλҪǰźãЩҪʱ䡣Ӯԥһ˵˶٣ɣȻȥȫѡ֪ͨǣô
Ǿ鷳ˡ˵
һ㶼鷳Ӧģģõʱ䲢ˣ׼ٸ˼ˣӮʵ
ʮĸˡƽ˵
ôˣȸһôֵȷоΪҲܹõذš
ˡ΢΢һЦ˵
ݡʱһα񾳸һ֣һŰֽ·һиռ䣬ֱӳӮ
Ӯɫ䣬ֻһߣɫâһӾͽŰֽץС
Ϊȸˣϣܹ찲ǵְλǺΪˡΪһݹסӮ˵Ȼʮ뿪
߲ơԶȥӰӮ
׶ΣĵˣϵıīһЩߵЩ֣ǵĥʯ


1848 
УһڻǰУһˣ߳ǱһֱĬš
ãһα񾳸˵ҿǸûдǼˡ
ﵱȻǼˣȴòǼ룬ҪȻºܶ˶˵
ղ̽ʵΣ
α΢΢˼һ˵ǿҲǶ֣⣬пǸ˵ĺˡ
ֲãô˵Ǹıˣǲ֪ܹá
Ҫãáα񾳸ֲһƨ
ĵ˵ͷȻѾԵغ֪ܶ࣬Щ֮Զôȫǿ׵ϣҪȻǸͲԼ
ҪŬΪΪѹҶС磬ΪԼԺ
ҲޱȣŬûӣҪ㹻ȨƣҪ㹻Ϊʲô飬ûиûջ
ҪʱҶС粻ǲˣڶ˵ΨһȱľʱˡһЦ˵
˷Ըǵʲôʱȥһα񾳸ѯʵ
鲢Ӱ죬ȵҿ˺Ҳ١˵
ǣα񾳸ֹ˵
һ죬ҶСվգ˫ֲϻһĪĹ켣˫֮ռ𵴣ˮĲһ㣬ܵ
ҶС˫ǲع򣬺ƺ£۳һ·ǽâһĹ˫ֵᶶЩâһĹâ·꣬׷׶䣬ȫû·һСϡ
Ȼҷ׷ףȴ̺һصİЩâȥĵطύ֯һ·ȻЩ·û˵£ΧͿ
鲼óһſܣڲ󷨾˺̶ܶ࣬Сʱʱ䣬ʮٶȼ졣
ԾŹǳѾΪϤˣͲֲ˵۾ܹó󷨡
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫ͣһһ֡
ɢֻ󷨲Զһʥصĸȴţɫԥ
ҶСֱʧԭأһӳһ档
ҶҶС֣ʥظֹ˵
ʲôġҶС綢˵̬ȻǹҶСֱƽ֡
ػȥҪ̣ұֱӳ㣬´㣬ԡʥصĸָϽ͵ҶС
ҶСںħնɱʥ۷ֵƵվ˺£Ÿո̤ʥزãȻҶСĶ֡
ţ֪ˣȥɣҶС˵ͷ˵
󣬻Ϊһʧ
Һ񶼹ȥѵΪ𣿡ҶСһ˵
ո׼һͻȻ䣬оߵĹе΢΢ĲԾ˵ˣ
ռ΢΢һذ׳ȹԣ˵ͷ߰ɣ
ûпʲô˲ʧˣ·˳һ»ԣɲǼǧҶСεЦһ£˺ѿռ䣬ʧԭء
Ϊһȥû뵽ûд
ֻӮһˣҶСûǰڸ߸ߵϣԾ磬ǲȡƽȵ̬
٣Ӯܿ˵
ûκαֱҶС˵ͷߡ
ղһˡӮҶС絭˵
ǾǼɣҶС絭һЦ˵·˿ںһ㣬Ȼ֪Ӯ˵һ˾ָ
ǼûʲôӮһֺĿ⿴ҶС硣
飬ѾˣȻ֪ǰȷʵڻģȻȥʧи𾪣֪»ҶСŹϵʱ
޷赲ϾҲǻˣ赲ĻƱػ¿ʵҶСƽ˵
ѵϣˣӮһЦʵ
ϣܹôҪնɱ˲ɣα񾳸ԱİȫȻҲûа취Ȼʵ˺󣬿϶Ӹλǣһ㹱׶ûУֱǵʲôҪŵĻ˲ҿǴͷ𣬵㹻ĹЩһûйͣ
ȷʵһð취Ӯ˵˶٣Ұĺܴ󣬴˷ǰôˣˡ


1849 
ǱȫɣܱǴڰõö࣬뵽ˣǱǵƤӵ£ӣȻΪҶСƽ˵
ãҲһı׶ˣЩΪܸߣһվ˽ŸžԻһȨʱһʲôΣˣΣĵͲˡӮЩĵ˵
룬ҶС˵ֻܹһһ
ǰһһӮ̾һ
ȻҪȨƣֶصȨ֮͹ϣΪܹһЩ˷ȥȫΪȻỺòġ
˶Իġ˲飬ʱ򣬻ϣܹ֣һǡãӮҶС˵
áҶС˼ûֱͬ
Ӯ΢΢һƺЩ⣬漴˵ͷҪһ͵Ļ飬ͬⲻвμӰɣз䣬Ƕɣ
ҶСͷӦʵģȥ󷨣˵ĸд͵Ļ飬ڵĻʼղá
Ӯ̸һӮ˴ҶСȥϢӮĽ̸Уһ仰û˵·һһ㡣
ʧֵĽ˺ֵܶļ䶯ǸһȻڱд裬ǵս쳣Ĳңÿ춼пµĸҲһЩһʱĸ䡣
һɳʱҪУǼ˲Ĵڣֻĥʯġ
Χγġ
һ˸ֵȻҲעţϾǶǻδϣڡ
ڶ죬磬һΪǿĸֽˣǺȻĽУЩ˶ǻĸзȨˡ
УҶСҲУҶС˶΢΢ͷǴкЩϴһЦݣ·ҪʲôϷһ㡣
߽ҶС͸оЩԾ˺ܶƺЩǰûеģ·ͻȻҡͦĵ
ѵǣҶСԺлһ⣬һӱ뵽⣬û뵽ֻͦġ
ȻĲƶ϶ѣǲ²һ
˶ΪӮλϣĿһɨ˵췢飬ظλ֪˰ɣûʧ˽ٵ磬Ҫˣ֪λʲô
Ӯ˵һӾܶһЩ˷׷һЩ˰ȵţһ̩ɽӣ·˿һ㡣
˰ɣ˭֪ʲôͼȻͬΪ࣬Ѿ꣬˭֪ǵ˼ô
ǰǶǸͲϤǽá
ҲͬǼˣ˷չãǺƽȣ˭֪Ǽ󣬻᲻ɳ
ʱͬµ˷׷˳һ˵ԼĹ۵㡣
뷨ģѾϰ˵ģʽи֣ӺֵܶĻȻоǺܶ˱ǵʵߣⲻҪȨ
˻ʲôʵɫƽȫͬⲻͬ⡣
û˻شЩȵŵ˱պ˫Ŀ·Դʱôںһ㡣
Ȼû˵ôӶ¡
пӮո׼һĻ
ҶС翴ȥֻ¼һʥ۷ĸ˫Ŀ¶һĨļᶨղǾ仰˵ġ
Ӯüͷ΢΢һ壬ʵʲô
Щ죬ղܹԼĿģȴƫƫҪȴԼʱ˵ⲻŸԼⲻȥԼ
ʧ罵ٵĲ٣ǲôʼ࣬ǻǶˣʵǿޱȣǼ˻ǿ󡣡
ҲΪǿԼ룬ǲܹΪһЩĪежϾ;ܾ˲ţ˴ĳԡ˵ʱɽһ֡
ǲӦô⣬ҪǲǼĻ´˳ȥ»ɾ޴Ӱ죬ʱ¾ͻ˵ЩϷֻĵԴ˽롣
¼˵꣬ͬһ׷˵˵ԼĿ
Ǳ;Ĳ˭֪˰ʲô˼һԡ
ô֪ǾĲǽٺûʲôΣĵ飿ûаɣ㲻ܹƾԼܶϾжˡ
ûΣĵ飬ǱˣǴʧ罵ٵģݸ߹ȴԸǣ˵ûʲôè˭š
ЩĲ²⣬û֤ݣ㷴Ч


1850 2
ڣֶڴ·ֳɣǸиĹ۵㣬и˵һʱ䣬һţǲ£ÿ˶·˵һ㡣
ӮҶС绹˾ţǸ˵ӡ
Ӽ˵̬ϿҶСѾҹǣҲŵһĺôҪȻҲ˵
Ǽ룬ͻȥƿصһȨû棬˭ȥֳֺõ顣
ͬǼˣھòǼ룬Ҫ̬
ǾͿ̬Ȱɣһһ˵
ʱ涼ʱǲʶҶСǶûзǶĿͶӮ
Ӯ˿ˣ˵˵ʵҲϣǼϾǶǵĵϸһʲô˼ô˵һѡ
£Ҳ޷赲һ˵⣬Ƕ˵һִοʲôĿĵĻǲ룬Ҳ޷ֹڰУǶ룬װ׵ĳǵǰ
֪һ󲿷ֲͬԭ򣬸λǺǶȥԼеȨǺǣӦһʱȨܹʲôֻʵһС
˵ӮЩɫ̫ÿһת˵ȻҲȰǷеȨǾӦýͷϣ⣬ǼʱҲӰ쵽еȨ
Ϊ϶Ӹλô᲻Ӱ쵽еȨأһЩɻʵ
Щͬ˵Ҳһɻӣǲ֪Ӯ⻰Ӻ˵
˭˵ǼӸλˣӮһЦ˵
Ե΢΢һ㶣漴һϲӮ仰Ѿ˵һУЩǻ뵽ˣǲǾҪְһЩҪš
ѵ뽫ǵСһ㿴ôĻֻЩ˵ĺһͬĸֿӮ˵ƺЩʵ
ŶȻôȣǾһ˴λãΣӮƽʵ
ֶʱ˵˻þòűһ仰Ҳû˼ֻ˵Ҫһࡢ˵ùȥλá
λϵֶ㹻ˣӦ˭ȥȻǷǸλϣӮʵĿϬޱȡ
Ҳ˵ˡ
ҲԲʲôλϵȥǿһЩְλ˵λáϵλõȵȡ¼ʥ۷ĸ˵
ճµģ֪ǾǶٺô˵ʱҶСͻȻ俪ڵ
ʵڿȥˣЩ˻޳ܣʲôӸְλӳϵְλƨǽͳϵְλ˴ײˣһһŵġ
ҶС磬⻰ʲô˼ҪΪǸͿ¼ʥ۷ĸֻȻվָҶСŭ˵
ô˵ˣ߳ŭˣҶС糰Ŀų¼˵
㡭¼ָҶС˵˻
ѵҸղ˵ĲԣҷһûиǺôҶСĿϬޱȡ
ô֪µģѵǳ¼ڼ鲻ɣܣ¼ɫò
ߣν˭ȥһ˵ղС˺ܶ࣬ƺûʲôˡ
ҶСµĲʱ䣬ȷʵڷ˳¼ңһֺôҪ˵µȻܽеģ벻ҶСȫƶϵġ
Ҿó¸˵ĲӦһЩְλϾǵʵʱżһʥ۷ĸ˵
ǺǣżҲĺôʱҶС糰һЦ˵
ҶС磬ǹ⼸ԣżҲվ˵˫Ŀк
һŻҲŴģ붯ֵĻʱԷ㣬һ˵ְλЩϵְλǣǸʸѵ˵ʵӦǸλ𣿡ҶСĿϬʵ
ѵòԣ¼ַһʵ
Ȼԣ㣬ƾʲôǸλã彵ٺ󣬵˵ˣһûо޴ĹףһûиѪͺС֣ǶǰƾʵһЩҪλã㣬ЩΪ˶˾޴͵ҪںεأҶСʵ
㡭㡭㡭㣬ǺսʱǸʲô˵ԼǼ塣ҶС統ָʵог¼Һżҵ۷֡
ֻ˵ȨأǸ˶٣λãȫǿǼϣȻ˲ͶҪλãǣ﾿ôģʱҶСϬĿ·̴ܹռ䡣


1851 ӻ
ҶСһֱĵĻͱ˵Ŀ⣬˶ѡ˻رܣżҺͳ¼ֶɫѿޱȡ
ҶСÿһ仰ʵޱȣûκηءûܹܶλöԼĹͻȡ˵ҶС磬һʼǸսһΪ;޴ûܹȵùڶΪʵﵽҪűΪ˸
ЩΪնɱܶħְֶλһЩˣ˹ͶûбְλȻҲһЩˣһʼֻȨûо
ҶСĻ涼ƽÿ˶Լ˹ûУʲôͣûʸְλϡ
һЩ¶֮ɫԼûô
˿ʼ˵ԼӢ¼նɱ˶ٶٺħˣնɱ˶˵ȵȣЩûй͵ˣһɫѿޱȣȻձ
ҸղֻѣûʱһҪǷĸλϡþã¼ʥ۷ĸ˵
˶ܹóвʣʶ
̫ûˮ׼ˣ˵ǼΪԲеı֡ҶС˵
㡭ѵҪǷСλϣ¼ʥ۷ĸʵ
ѵȵй͵ʱͿѡλãӣҲʲô˵ҪǰһλõĻԣ½ȥɣǳ¼Ҽ뿪ԭλãȥҶСЦһ˵
¼Ҳû˵ʲô
ˣղŸλ۵˵Ǽ˿ԣҪӻ˭ͬ⣿ӮĿһɨ˵ϵɢ
ͬ⡣
ͬ顣
Ҳͬ⡣
˷׷ͬЩûпڵģȻеССǵ᲻
Ȼûô¾ôˣҪֵǽǸšӮ˵
Ӯİ壬¾ôһ˸ոռˣܸҪְλ
ۣҶСͬɮ붨һ㣬һԲǲģѾһһôڡ
Сʱʱ䣬ŽǵλðźˣһЩ˼սţһЩЭطҲһЩרŸģȫ޹ؽҪλϡ
УҶС˷һҶС󷨣ôеģʵΪʧ˽٣˽ȸС
ôӴޱȵ󷨣һóɹ¾񾳸Ҳơ
УһУһƤɳϣһֶʢкƵĸ߽ŲҡΣһŶһʥظֵ
ʥظ־˵ŽڻϷ顣
ͷβɫ糣вȻҡΣ·ûں˵Ļһ㡣
֮Իᱻŵ͵λϣȫΪҶС硣ʥظ˵
ʵҶС˵ҲӦҪһĹͣҪȻ˾ҪˣȻֻǲ˵ġ
ллר̽¸ңһ·ˣһܹΪͶعʶҩҺ£͵һѰɣһЦлһƿŵɫСƿСƿֻߣҩҺȴ൱Ĳ
лүˡùҩҺ˵һ乧άĻȻ뿪ˡ
뿪ϵЦݽѿޱȡ
顪
һ죬еĸ߽ŲըѣЩƬΪ˷ĩЩҲȫ
ҶС磬ңм⼸֣Ͼܹߡ
ȻߵĲҶСʱҶСߵҶСӰ˸߲Ӱ
Ƭ̺ɫͻָ¶һ˿΢Ц˼ҲãѶȲŻд̼Уҽܹʹࡣ
ͻȻԳһˣα񾳵ĸ֡
Ҫӻ𣿡α񾳸ʵ
ôǲҪӻ𣬻Ҫĸãʥصʥأÿһ֣Ȼǵ䲻ܳһ꣬쿪ʼȥ½䣬ǵһдд裬ǵʹӴ˿Ҫ˶֪ңӵ˸λãӦò˵ʲô˰ɣк
ѾƻһУļƻһһĽС
һУڲҶСͲ֪ȻҲҪ֪˵Ҫľ˵İοһһˡ


1852 ֱ׷ҶС
ʱһȥ紵˱Ҷ·ԵҶһƬƬ£Ȼֱ紵ٴ£һ޷ƿԼһ˳ܣƹƹȥġ
ƬƬҶ춯žĳдһֲͬ
ʧֵĽ٣һʼȷʵԺܶӰ죬ȻӰھ棬ճȵȡ
ܶ˷־ʧЩֽٺȻûʲôӰ죬ҲͰָԭôô·ȫһ㡣
˴飬ͨһ˼ˣѾһµʱˣһһѾͷ
ںһдĹУһ·߸裬ȻҲʧ˲֣˵ʤˡ
һͷ쳹ģ֪
ЩһУһɫۣɫߵӣһɫȹŮӡ
Ϊ죬ͬһо޵еĴڡ
ȻһµҲͷնɱʮʥصĸ֣һЩΪֱ׷ҶСˡ
һһ˶жȹûлصģһһս
ڴͷ
Ϊ˹͵ԵʣһЩչô飬Ҳ˻˵ĸα񾳸֣Ҳػϣͬһȼ
󣬻ĺܶ಻˽ʵ˶Ϊ˵ʵǿˣ֪Ϊ£Ѿ˷ѵӡ
ҵʵֱ׷ҶСôһïܵĴУһɫг۵Цһ˵
ڻĵϢΪעһϢɫܲÿŬһ£˳Ϊֱ׷ҶС磬˵ںܶУȻҶС硣
䡪
һȭԲһеľȫΪ˷ĩйԼеŭ
㲻ϾҼ˲һµʱ䣬ѾǸˡһ£
ٹһʱ䣬ƻʼִеʱˡ
ǻػġű˵
ǣα񾳸ͬ˵α񾳸һֱߣǰﱣİΣ
ֻܵ˺ʱŻ֣κʱ򣬶ڰС
һˣ˺ܴĳԴˣҲûʲô취Ͼһ˰оҪα񾳸֣οǻǩЭ顣
һҶСվУ˫ֻһööĴԾȻȻû·С
Сʱʱ䣬ҶСͣصһڽݶϵ󷨲ˣݶȵ󷨣Ҳ֪²ܹꡣ
һµʱ䣬ҶСȫĵĲ󷨣Ŵ£֪ܶÿ˲⣬ǻָΪһûлȥ
һʱ䣬ӿ·ΪһȫҶСӿ˽ȥڵ
Сʱʱ䣬ҶСڵﵽ۷״̬
˫Ŀ磬âת·˫Ŀһ棬ֱӽһСϡ
СֻƽˣûаȫһƬѩףϸ˵Сһ̹ǣɭɭ
СĴһľ¥;סУһסţһаӡ
ΪӲһ˱
ҶС߽ľ¥黹Ǻһһƺ˫ĿԶʱʱھƣ·ڻʲô
ŷǧģһΪԭϣԣĲݱֲ컨ƶɵġ
Գһں󣬱ϲ־ƣڲõݶ󷨵ʱ򣬶֪ȶ̳
ˡҶС˽ǳãĹâ»ָ֮ɫ
šҶСľϡ
ҪҪٲõݶϵ󷨣ʵ
ǲǾ̫ˣҶСЦЦʵ
е㣬ҵԸ֪ģֻҪȸܹҶôעͷ˿¥ϣ૵·¥ϣںеŮӡ
ĵĻԲãݶϵ󷨱͵ݶϵĵһһĲãӣȴ󷨿ʱŲٻҶС˵
ãһڴӦ
̸һҶСصһ
ΪһûмҶСԵʣСͮͮһҶСͳУв


1853 Ѫ
һµʱûмСͮͮΪѾصسڣ⻹ҶСΪѹƵԵʣҲûпȥΪҲѹƣΪߡ
츳ҶСΪԺܹߵøԶ˲ΪҪĻι̡
ɸ¥ƽûкõĻͲܵＫΪľ磬ΪСͮͮҶСרΪ죬Уȡ侫ϳһĿǰҶСֻ˵ʥ۷幦Ĳֻ֣Ϊͻƺ󣬲ܹ
СͮͮһҶСΪעһҰֹĹ켣У쾳磬ͿԶˣǲÿȥΪҲỺӡ
СཱུͮͮЦҶСܻ᲻һ󣬱һףΪϴҶСźСͮͮÿλҶСʲôСͮͮС־͵ҶСǰ
ͮͮаְ֡ҶС籧Сͮͮһʮֿĵӡ
ְ֡ҶСĽһԵʮֿģϾѪŨˮǺӵĸס
ɲҪ̫ˣԺΪһС㡣ľܿ㿴ҶС˵
û£зִģʱ䶼ʲô飿ҶСѯʵ
һʱڣûйעһ¿Ըıܶ飬ڻһͷűȻᷢһЩ顣
㻹ȥǧɣҵרֻСͮͮĽ̵ҪȥѯǧЩɣͮͮңͶﶼͮͮˣղŻأľܿЦ˵
ԴרŰѩ廹кö˾סĵ죬չҶС縸ĸһȫ˹ȥǲϲסڵһϣϲʹ˾סһ
ҶСĸ׶ľܿ㲻ǺϲΪܾľ̫ܿˣũ˵Ļ˵ģ꾫
Ŀ͸ıˣͮͮ
ðɣڱһᣬͮͮȥ֪ʲôʱܹҪҶСͷЦ˵
ľܿЦЦҶСĸ׺űӻŮˣһ¶뽫ͮͮŲù
һҶСǲὫСͮͮľܿ㣬СͮͮСͣỨһίӿӿҶС硣
ҶСһɵĸ̾һ񻹲һ꣬ôḻ˶һŮ
ľֿܿҶСŷǧڵľ¥һУҲڷУġ
󷨲óɹˣŷǧѯʵ
ҶС˵ͷѾɹˡ
һ˺ܶ飬ϴȥħһָӳˣĿǰ˺öǶǻĵһٮٮߣսǿޱȣһŷģΪѾʥ۷壬ԶԶĸ֡˵ţŷǧĿͶҶС硣
ʥ۷壿ͦġҶСЦһͻȻ䣬뵽һ⣬Ǿŷʹõֹ췽ŷڳȡѪ飬ҶСое㲻Ȼǵŷǧŷˡ
ôˣʲô⣿ҶСɫе㲻ԾŷǧѯʵһԵĺҲĿͶҶС硣
ҶСЦЦ˵ûʲôҿѪҺ
˵ţҶСƾһץһѪҺʹŷǧڷɳһ˿˺۶ûС
ҶСֱӶŷǧһѪֽ⣬ֽӣȻڣֶۣηͬһ㡣
һתǵѪҺҶСϿգ˫ĿзĹâ·ܹ͸ѪҺаһС
ͻȻ䣬һץһ֣һӿǵѪҺС
ҶС˫ĿѾŷǧͺס˺ҶСľٶ
ͻȻ䣬ǵѪҺ΢΢Ʊͷ˿ҪϸС˿ߴǵѪҺг
ꡪ
Ʊͷ˿Ҫϸ˿ߴǵѪҺгǵѪҺֱɢ·һ㡣
ʱҶСץǼƼΪϸСѪɫ˿߽ع۲ţƺڲ鿴ʲô
С磬ʲôǧѪҺôֶɻѯʵ
ŷѪŷǧʵ
šҶС˵ͷͬʱüͷһǿǼƼΪϸСѪɫ˿΢΢ͻΪޡ
ôˣʲô⣿ŷǧɻʴҶСܲԾ
ܸоŷѪƺЩ⣬ĳʶҲ˵ΪҵΪ̫͵Եʣұ뽫ŷѪȫ޳ǣҵΪǲղҲˣһŷѪڵѪҺҲữΪСҶСЩε˵
û£ҪģǼѪӦòʲô⡣ŷǧЦЦ˵οҶС硣
ԸɣҶС΢΢˵ͷѾ·ϡ


1854 ȻҶС
ŷӵѪһֵҵʱ򣬲ŷĳȡѪṆ̀иղŵĲ鿴оŷѪе⣬ƺﲻԾһʱҲ˵塣
𣿡ҶСǿѹеɻͲʵ
룬˸һְλα񾳸ػϡŷǧɫƽ˵ͻȻ΢΢һЦ涼ʢֱ׷ơ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣ҲЦĵ֪ºܻӡ
һ˵Ľ٣ǴһӰ壬ûһ忴һвӵġ
ֱӳƺΪһҶС硣
ȻҶС绹Ҫǿ־弸֣ΪҶСϾֻһˣ黹зִģ֪һЩ鲻ܹ̫ףͲ£˼ұα񾳸֣˵ܹɨһУֻҪڲΥЭ£ʲô飬Ƕûκΰ취
С磬һ㶼𣿡ʵ
ģôܲģҲĶ֣ҲûʲôãĹÿһ죬һ󷨵ݶѾˣǸ͹һ̵ĺ󷽣ͲʲôüĻͻúܿģΪֻÿġҶСЦ˵
İҶСһۣΪԼĵ˲ģԼҪģʲôҲġ
ŮлЩ֮ɫҶСЦ˵ģôģЩʱĸȫ١
ںںֻ˵İΣֻкȶʲô¡
οһŮҶС뿪ˣһУŬǺܶУһֱķϣʧ˽ٺиһֽȸС
Ȼһأ˵ǲ㣬ĿǰһֻһΪӽαˣһͻƣֱӻΪһˡ
ҶСһһѾص˻ģǴջжкܶ˻кܶýɷϺܶ϶
һֳȻնɱʮʥظ֣ǲ㣬ҶСԶˣΪܹԼ챻ܣǼסԼķ
ҶС֮ԳݣΪΪնɱ˶壬ǴŻһδ赲סĹ
Ȼеý嶼ֱȫûκε٣ǸʱҶСֲ־԰ܵӰӡÿһС
һ̼䣬ÿ˵š˷ܡǵǣ˵ǸʱѾﵽߵ㡣
ֱҶС˺ħÿ˶жҶСʮֵĸмֱҶСħĽУȡһһʤ˶ҶС統˾֧·ֻҪҶСڣľһƽġ
˵ҶС磬˵УҪһܹǴȫ֧ҶСҲĳɷ֣ûܹơ
ֵúܴ˶֪£Ȼֳֻһʱ˿Ϸһ㣬ǸʱǶἤǹּһɨˡ
ʱ䣬С˺ܶ࣬ڻָƽ·ûзʲôһ㡣
һЩ˶ǵˡ
УһУͤһʯϣɫܲÿ
һʱ򣬿˻иޱȣǳģϺܺÿСýϣȫʱԼķͷѾǹҶС硣
ڶʱȻȻӰǷȴԶԶһµҲǺܶˣϵЦ˺ܶࡣ
˵죬ϣʵУǷ·£飬һ죬ϵЦݳ׵ʧˡ
ء
һƽǰһʯ˸飬йеŭ
гǲҶС磬Ҳ̫Զˡ
ֵȻкܶ˵ҶС¼·ҶСһǧŵΰһ㣬ǣأŹ죬Щ˾Ѿˡ
ΪʼղҶС磿ѵĻģǵҪôŻסңɫ
ҪΪ벻ͨҶСϾһʼ߽˻˵УĻǲŸո𲽣һЩ˼ǲסξܹסʱһα񾳸ְο
⻰Ÿоһ㡣
ǰⲻһССĴۣһ˶סҵġᶨ˵


1855 
ϧǼһЭ飬ҪȻǻкܶᣬȡĹͣȻ󱻹֪΢΢̾һ˵
˷ǰ壬ն֣ѾһΣһҲûʲôЧҪٴϼˡ
ûлᣬǿΪᡣα񾳸бų˵
᣿ô죿ɻʵòһִնɱˣȻҳ£
ɫܲÿ
Щһ㲻ͬϾһڻģеԥʧ罵ٵˣȫûʲôУ¾ǽϵĸȫնɱ꣬Ҳʲô
ǣ̫ˣĲĻδ鲻˵һ顭α񾳸ִ
жһɭüͷһ˼ӣƺԥ
ɴ߲СڣֻҪܹƵסͻûʲô⡣α񾳸˵
鿴ˣЩĵʵ
鿴ˣǲǺǿȫԶԸһܴĻᡣα񾳸ֹƻ
ãǾôɣǱһļƻûһ˿©ȻбҪĻǿƵϡһĨĹâ·еĶߡ
ǣα񾳸ֹ˵
ϲԽЩȽһСУһЩƵڣһɫߣɫɳۣϵϢ
ͻȻ䣬Цһû뵽㾹Ȼţôƣ㻹ǱȲΪ̫ˡ
ʱҶСȻһŴ£ʱһȥһһһ㣬ڷ䡢ϵȵȶǷɫһ
һʱѾҪڶеĿˣȻΪȻʥ۷壬սȴϵӣÿһУսͻһ֡
䡪
ͻȻ䣬һɿµ·ɽһ㣬ռжſµĲ
֨֨֨
ΪƳգ˵ꡣ
һ̼䣬ܶ˶˲֪ʲô飬һһֲõԤУ·Ҫʲôµһ㡣
һ£ҶСһӱˣһɿµƱЩһȫΪޣ˫ĿõıųǰĿռ䶼ںݺݵĲ
һɨʱɫ䡣
áҶСӰһһʧˡ
ʱҶСɫ䣬бȽϽĺܶɫúѿ
棬вǺԶҶСʹ˾ȥ棬صޡɡ޼Ϊǿ󣬲ߣٶȿ죬ǻ۾ˡ
ʱҶС绹ǷѾ˾ţ֮նɱǼֻޡ
ǸʱҶС绹󷨣˵ǱߺüɽһһħǸԷӡʲôµĶ
ҶС󷨾ͨҲ˽󷨣ʱ󷨼ޱȣҲûйע⣬ǽ죬󷨾Ȼƿˡ
Χɽ壬ѾȫɽҲѳһѷ졣
︽˷ԶӴܣɽıܶ˶ѹɽʯ£ô
˿־廹ɽĵֻޡ
һֻֻ޴ޱȣȫΪɫ޴ӽϷɳٶȼ죬ʲô޶С
ǵӺҶСնɱһģһ;޴Ұһ㣬һףͼżͬǵذףһɱŰѪȵɢ
ɽʱֻ޶ӿ˳˷ȥѾ˺ܾһ㣬ˣſѪҧ¡
ʱ䣬УΧĳУĴΪߵ֧ţǣЩ̫ˣ̫ײˡ
ҶСƬʱѾкܶܶ޳˳
ԲǧڣһƬңɱʹֳ౯
ʱҶС絽ˣСǱѵսţкܶ˵ĸֶˣ˶նɱЩǿޱȵޡ
Ƚ󷨷סٳնɱЩޡҶСո׼֣
áҶСͷһӷɵ˽ϣչȹ۲ǲҲù۲һ󣬲ܹäĿ
ɽѾҪ²ãΪѣʱڣͲС
¡¡
ͻȻ䣬ͻȻݺɽһѷԽԽ
ҶСɫһ䣬Ͻա


1856 ħ
¡
أΡޱȣֱһѷĽ澹Ȼһӱˡ
ײһĶѨ֣ɢЩԨкħɢĺͬа񣬸ӱ塣
ͻȻ䣬һҽֲҽϵĴҶСĿһɫøѿ
ֻܶʥ֮µĸ֣ȫȻ˺ۼףָױ䳤·Ƿĵһ㣬ǿȱֱι
˹˷ǳײУսޱȣʧȥһ㣬һֱӱȥ
ۡ
ʱ䣬ܶ˱ЩֵĹ˺ҧЩֱӱ˺룬ѪɽΪ̡
һĻҶС粻һ
ħһʥظ־һ֮ɫ
һħһ˵
ħ֣ҶСɻ󣬺֪ħô£Ǵʱݲȥ˽Щ
һţӿҶСڵγһž޴ޱȵĹ֣һŹǸ޴ĶѨڸȥ
ҪùַסǸ޴ĶѨЩðȻܹ׾Щ
ҶС粼óŹָոյĶѨϿʱһǿޱȣʥ۷ָΪǿϢ
һֻ޴ޱȵĺɫצӴӶѨ̽ݺһץ˺ѿռΰһӾͽҶС粼óǵĻ˺ˡ
ǿľ͸Ƭռݺݲ·Ҫһ㡣
𡪡
һֻнʮɸߵ޴޴ĶзɳǱŰϢϯأһƬƬĺɫƬɢɭĹâһ֪ǿ
һֻ޴ޣҶС˫ĿһѾֻǿޱȣһʥظܹԿ
ҶСߵĶ˺ܶ˵ע⣬Ŀǰһֻʥ۷ޡ
ಡ
һӰһâҶСߣǶʥصĸ֡
Ҷͽˣ㻹ͳȫְɣûһָҡһɫĿҶС˵
ǰôȥЩɢطһʥصĸ˵
ҶС翴˿ܵϵ˵ͷãͿˣڱ֤Լȫǰ£סòҪκ޳
ģһŬסġһʥصĸּᶨ˵
ҶС΢΢ͷֱʧվڸ߿գɨΧֱӷ
ʮսǸзԲһٹ˶ʱǨƳȥ
ʮʮսţǴγһһٹİΧȦκ޴ȥ
ʮսţǼƬΧеޡ

ҶСķһ
ǣҶ
ǡ
ǣ֤񡣡
ЩսŶҶСҶСɽ顣
ԶһտһĻƺסˣα񾳸ɫҲ̫ÿ
ǲ˵ܹסôͣɫѿʵ
Ҳû뵽֮µôײУҵĹɴ߲СڣڵԽԽãǲܹ֣סһУȻǡһα񾳸Ĺâ˵
ž
һƴα񾳸ɫɫʵѵˣҴСУоҵļҡ
ûﵱļң˽㵱߹󣬸ͲЩµȷܹģΪļƻǧҪ֮ʣܹΪļƻǵĸα񾳸һʺİӡ治ɫ˵
һܺõĻᣬһҪϽжΪͽ¡
ո𶯵ƽұ˼֣ѾˣٶȼƽҲ޼£Ŀǰ˵ֻܹռƻ¡
ʱҶСָŸǰսţи֣Ǽʣк⡣
ýǱ׼ûУʵ
һжѾ͵ˣһĵ̨ʹվֱ¡α񾳸һŵ˵
á⡣
ʱ״̬߳ݣһ˸ڴˣһնɱޣɱ
ΪһâֱЩޣŶʮʧˣһЩ˵ĸҲһնɱޡ
ֵһ˲䣬ҶСĿһ䣬ֵĻ漰ʱ
һɨ˹ЦҪûмôҪģΪԼȥȻ붯˺ܶýǰֱ


1857 Ϊε
뽣治ԶһƬڣֲϵնɱЩײеޣЩ仯˹޵࣬üӰһĻ
ûᣬǲϵָսǽƬشеȫߡ
ԽԽŨңƬأҶС綼оֺдһֱӣ·Ҫڣֱһε赲Ͳܽ롣
ҶСȫϢЩ뵽УЩǷ·ĳָ칦һ㣬ͼıҶСڻƬεзʽκǸոսҶСϸڣЩϸڣεķâ֮ɢȫնޡ
ףеʶ塣ҶСü˵
ʱһǿƹ·ͳµľҶСĿһȴһɫ۵ӮΧ쵭ɫ趯˵ơ
𡣡
ӮУǰһѵָһɫâų·Сһ㣬ޡ
ۡЩԴըɫѪҺɽĲˡ
Ӯν£ҶСߣ㼰ʱ֣ҪȻ롣
ûʲôⶼӦģҲ֣Ҳ˻֡ҶС絭һЦ˵
ŶӮ¶һ˿ɻı飬ĿһɨͿʮӰޱȵ㣬ʱ䣬бų⡣
ߡӮһһǿ·ˮĲһӶ
žžž
ЩеӰȫ˷Ʒ°͸չվûҪΪ洫ݳĴ̱ζʵ̫Ũˡ
Ϊ˸Ͻȥնɱޣնɱ޵ģԶҪӰˡӮȻ˵ƺƺơ
ڰеα񾳸ź⣬Ҫ˵ЩʲôǶû˵
ĿǰڰУԱŹ̬ȣһ֣ǾͱˣΪҲ˵ˣֵĻͻӮɿʵȨ߳ˡ
ӮĻЩѾյ÷ڵӰһɫʹ࣬¶һ˿Ŀ־壬Ȼ֪ղ˵Ǹ˾ǻȨƵˡ
ǸϽһƬ
սео˲ԾЩֱֳӢ޵һȫˣǸ
֪ʱܹ˵ʲôϾҲĲԣȥ˶˵ǿҵĴ
ʱеͬα񾳸ֵİ취ˣְ취ʲôã˵󻹻ǳһɧ
ͽҰɣȥΧԲܹЩܵӮĿҶС˵
áҶСͷӦ΢΢ԥʵħʲô
ʱΧһжҶСŻʳ仰ҪȻ綼ȥΧնɱЩȥˡ
ħΪЩΪ͵Щ죬ֺ̺һ·ʶһ㣬ǿĹԡʴԣ컯ԣǧǰǻĶദطͻأð˺Ϊ΢󣬶˱仯ͱǸӣǶĻøײУʱĸɳǿĸֲŽǼֹסˣҷӡðطӮΪҶС͵
ЩǴʲôطģҶСüʵ
оЩĳһֵĲ͵ɽǸؿռУİ㳡УЩ̬ɢĲһ
֪ûܹǵΪǲЩصĶҲ֪Ӯҡͷ̾һ˵
ˣͽˡҶС֣ص˵Ȼ˺ѿռ׼뿪
¡
ҶСո׼뿪ʱһصҶС綼оֱ죬ǿɻһ㡣
ŤͷȥֻǸĶѨը˿һֻֻ׺ޱðٶȼ죬ֻ
⻹𾪵ģޱ𺳵һɫƬӰܶಿֶѾΪΣֻʣβͣԴǣϵϢΪǿ󣬺ȻѾα񾳣滹ʮʥ۷ޡ
ղŴǱߵʥظȫ˳ȥˡ
֨֨õһ磬ҪСһֻΪε޿ԣУ
ֹͷǻ׼𣿡ʱӮ˫Ŀɫâէֱα񾳸ط
Ȼܹǣ
ǿĶڳȥ𣿡
ȥɣѾǣǲȥĻñ˵ˣ
α񾳸˵˼仰󣬱״̬ա


1858 
α񾳸ֵĳΪεɫ΢΢һ䣬ܿͻָƽѪĹâ
ܺãܺãǣұܹһʺĳ࣬촽ƺ˶
һĻα񾳸ɫܲÿʧˣ׼˵ĺᣬȻһ޵ʳһĶţеȻܡ
ಡ
ʱĺֶܶǰǶǸصʥظ֣ڲĳϡ̫ϳϵȵȡ
Χ϶Ѿˣսſ¸赲סǣڸΧͽǰɣô٣ӮһҶС˵档
áҶСׯصĵ˵ͷȻֱʧոն̶һ˲䣬޴ĸѨ˳ȥʱڲɱƬΧеˡ
зޱȣҶСǵأƽһ޵ĺƽȴһ¥һΪ΢ĸֱɻǱֱ˺ѣϣѪ䣬һſڵ㡣
Ѩɳõ޵Ϊٶʥ֣ʵǿޱȣԲһٹķΧڣս쳣Ĳңĳ򱻻һɹɿµͣؾŻһе
ʥ֮µĸһٹأȥȪкߣһǱ߰һ졣ּΪҵĳ棬ҶСصƬУÿ˶
ܶûĿģܵˣȷ˷򣬸ϽȪк߱С
ҶСһ˺ߣһɨԲǧﶼ֮Уûö೤ʱ䣬ҶСѰһ죬ƵȪкߣⶼΪܹ˿ٰȫĵ
һкҶСʮʹ߳ػߣЩײе޿
ҶСվ˫Ŀ磬ָսͬʱҲʱʱâնɱޣǾȳЩΧڱ޼նɱˡ
ʱҶС·˵Ĺһ㣬˴˷򣬰ҶСķԸȳɹ
Ҷд鷳ˡҶСָնɱޡƬʱһȫԡѪսҶСǰɫΪص˵
鷳ʲô鷳ҶСüʵսЩԾ
ҶЩ޻أعܣܶ඼ѾܳǵİΧΧսɫޱȵ˵
ʲôȻأҶС󾪡
ҪãصĻ͸ûа취ΧǣһΧĻǻĴѡ
չϸĹ۲һЩ޼ǻĸֵĶ֣˵£ӵˡ
һĻҶСɫѿޱȣӵĻƱػɸѡ
ȥ˽·ý塢磬ͬʱص˳նС飬һޣնɱҶСϵķ
ǣҶս˵¶֮ɫֹͷҶСݲȣϵ´һһ㡣
뿪ҶСɫû뵽Щ޾ȻأѾԤⳡ޵ķ粨ѾᲨȫġ
ص̫ѶԸˣ򲻹ܣ˭Ҳ޷κǡ
ʱǱߴսѾʼˣǸѨкȻðʱʱ޴·һ㡣
ΪεʵǿޱȣӮα񾳸һֲǿѹס˶Է
α񾳸ֺЩʵǿޱȵʥ۷սһУʮʥ۷ʵǿޱȣԶԶͨʥ۷ǿܹԸ˵ġ
Ƭطս
ǸͲʲôطһƬܶɽ嶼Ѿ飬ܶ·ѣ޷ͨС
ΪղҶСԭһƬںܶ˶Ѿ˿ҪȻʧȻޱȡ
α񾳸ֵս쳣ңӮɫ۹ĵɫâ˷·٣ϣ˫ֻӶ䣬ȻмɫſµƿŨҵĺεޡ
·Ůһ㣬ʥ䣬ֻӶ»γУݺն˹ȥ֮ռ䱻նƣһڵѷγɡ
α񾳸ֵʵҲ˫ָּľѧɽӣԵޱȡ
ϧǵĹǱ湦ѣͦģʵɱǺǿӮȻܹǸûóȫҪȻα񾳸ͽֻΪε޺ݺѹסˡ
α񾳸Ҳûгȫһ˶Ըʥ۷ĸ֣ڳƽ״̬˵ս˵ָЩޡ


1859 
α񾳸ֶȫֵĻ綼ʥ۷ˣϧȫһӣѹȫӮϡ
ǵľٶӮбų⣬սʶĽսսƬ
ΪʵǿޱȣһɫâűŰͻӰ˵Ϻɫۼ׽ʵޱȣܹЧؼ
¡ͻȻ䣬Ӯһ˫лͬʱ˫һƳһɫâһΪӰ޹ȥ
һµĳڿգķƶٶȼ죬ǿĹ·һϰὫ˺ѵķ顣
ӰлһԲһй
֮ϣһԲ³֣Բ¼Ϊ貣·ڵ̫Ĺâһ»к£ޱȵѤãȴǿĶ
Ŀ£ε˫ĳɽһؽһǿƥ·Ҫ췭ظ
𡪡
ڹƿһͨʱ»кһӽͷ·Խ˿ռҲʱ䡣
һ죬ָͻȻ䳤˲٣ޱȣһץֱߵĿռ飬У־ǵ»ץȡ
䡪
޴أܹһһصܾΧľȫΪ˷ĩ
˵Ϊ˺Уݺύ
Ӯȫһ£εһɫе㲻ÿһ³˰
á
á
α񾳸ɫͬʱһ䣬ǿ˺ķһȺڵķ
ʥ۷սһα񾳸ϢǣҲ˲ʲô˫ſ΢΢һ̧Ȼݺݿ¡
ΪƸΪ꣬Ƭվǵ֮УǵսڣһƬռ䣬ǿޱȵǸֱ̤ݶ£ٶȼ졣
ۡ
ֻʵǿʥ۷ޣͬʱѪҺȻݺݵŵطĵȥ
䡪
ɽҡضϳӣα񾳸ֵȫ£ֻʥ۷ȫˡ
α񾳸ɲǼһ֧֮䡣
ɱɱɱɱ
α񾳸ָԺһͬʱһɫââڴʱ򣬺϶Ϊһӿ˽ޱȡ
ǵٶ̫ˣ޶ûзӦֻǱ״̬£ݺĳһơ
͵ɫÿ˿ɫһӶ˺ݺݵײϡ
ϡꡪ
ۡ
һײһ漴ϸ΢ʲôѿһɺɫѪҺ쮳
ǵµĵɫһӶ޵ţһˣԶȥ
Ͻ뿪ȥطնɱޣ̫̫Σˡһα񾳸Щǵ˵
µĵ˵ͷղֻ޿ʱǹɱǿϢ㶼ˡ
˿Χϴһ˿Ĳ֮ɫܶ뿪α񾳸սǴпܱˡ
뿪Уһα񾳸ֶӮˣĿϬһ˿ʵʵǹġ
ģʲôģǲս뿪ɣ˲ӭˣʥ۷ĸ֣ǾȻôʱ䣬ǡα񾳡ӮЦһ˵
㡭α񾳸ɫǺѿޱȣǿˣӮǹģͬʱӮķ̣ȻܲûзϾһʼûгв
Ҫ˵γ˷ɣûл˵ˡһα񾳸ִ
ðɣвʵĵ˵ͷҪ뿪˵ȻܣΪ˸ƣҲΪ˷ڼ䣬һ˵ˣֲ㣬˵ܲǶܹ롣
֨֨𡪡
ʱ޴ĺһǴֻ޿дġ
һϺɢޱȡ
ǡ
ϵۼ춯ͻȻþ޴ޱȣָ׵ı޵ӡ
ʱξ޴ޱȣȻжʮɸߣԴ޴󣬺ƣϻһ󶴣ɫѪҺǸղα񾳸ַġ
ϵƸ˺ܶ࣬ʵҲˣøѶԸ
ңǾȻˣˡ޿ۣضˣ·Ҫһڽ˶ɵ


1860 ǿս
γֻޣָЩ޵һģһȴЩ޾޴Ķ࣬ϵƿֲ࣬ÿһƬǰСǿɢֱƶӰ˵
һ˫޴żΪŰĹâֹâһɨܶʥжһɺ
ǶҪҪΪҵʳؽݡֻ޴ޱȵ˵ʮ㡣
ȻͣɨӮα񾳸֣ע϶α񾳸ϣųıɱ
һ׼ǳˣղα񾳸ˣһӱС
Ȼ䣬ûκεף޴ޱȣ·֮һצӣſֲĻϢһڵѷγɣֲľֲɣ˷ɢȥ
䡪
ƬغݺݵĲһץ֮··ҪƬȫץצУȻݻ硣
ƾα񾳸̴ִȥٶȼ죬
θڻҪһأܹ𣿡һα񾳸Цһ
һģƥŵɫӿֻ޴ޱ޴һƾһӱˣͬʱֻ޴޳ȥ
Ϊ񾳸֣Ȼһα񾳸սһα񾳸ֳ
һȭɽӡ
ʱա
˼䡣
α񾳸ͬʱ֣һα񾳸֣һȭԵƥƺնȭ֮Ŀռѷγɣ·ռ䶼ܲסһȭ
һα񾳸ֻһһ֮£Ƭռ䱻ǿĵָ룬Ϭޱȡ
α񾳸֣˫гǿαлĽɫâƬռ֣һ嫵ɽˮͼڵɫâֵĿռһɽһˮ̺ſµ
ۡ
޴޹˵ľһӶƳˣͬʱα񾳸֣ǿĹȫֻ޴ޡ
Ѿֻ֪޵ҪĿǣΪһ־ȫ֡
ҫݡʱӮϵ쳹·ΨһۡϵɫâӿƬؼ䵴ӿȫʮǧëй˽ȥ
Ӯһ±øߴޱȣ·һŲɽӣͷǬľˡ
һ̼䣬˶ƥ·һӮȻɫۣǾǻһ㣬ڽɫ趯
һն𶯣һɫȭͷȻһӺ䵽ֻ޴ϡ
˿
ȻǸ䵭Įӣ·ǲʳ˼̻Ůֻһˮһ»к£Ȼһ˿ߣЩ˿߷ޱȣܹиеһС
α񾳸ֵȫһʵǿľ޴ޣҲһ˵Ĺʵ̫ˡÿһ˶ӵɽӡյ
𡪡
ֻ޴޴һϵƬȫһΪŭӣ޴ĺɫо֮ɫ
¡
һţγһڶ޾иղ˿¹ȫֻ޴ޱȵɡ
޴ײеͱպϣƬռָƽ˶𾪵ĿһĻһŵı顣
ҺΣһ䡣ֻ޴޿Цһ·Ѿʱ俴ǵֳ
ͻȻĿЦȻֹ¶һĨֻ֮ɫ
ǡ
ϸ΢ϷЩ޴Ƭ䣬һƺɫѪҺ·ϸһ㣬¡
ʣղ˻ѹסޱȵĹЩҡ
ܡôܣܹɵĴڣôֻ޴޷ĺ
֡
Ӯα񾳸֣ж֣֪ʱֻ޴ΪΣյʱ򣬶ȻҪ֡
ûٴδԼΪǿĹ
ŻƬصֻ޴ϡ
¶˻֮ɫһںҪ赲ס˿µĹ
ƶζϧǿң޷ƶΡ
ۡ
µĹһӶŨĺֻ޴ϡ
䡪
ǿ쫷磬Щ쫷ܹһʥظˣƬռУеɽ嶼Ѿƽأһһ߶ĳڵϣԲʮڣͺͺģûһ⣬·һӻΪ˻Į


1861 
ǡ
һϸ΢ֻ޴ޱ޵˿һѷγɣɫѪҺ쳣ҡ
ۡ
ʱһƹâЩѷѹƲסЩĹЩڱ˳·һ塣
âɢʱһֻ޴Ϣ˺ܶ࣬˺صˡ
ĿʵӮһսĻˣҲ̫ùϧ̫ˣҲ̫̰˺صˣһˣʲô⣬һֻ޳綼Ҫնɱ
ԶһĻޱȣû뵽ֻ޵ʵȻô£α񾳸ȫһٴγα񾳸ȫһȫһ£ֻ޾ȻˣҪһα񾳸ֱ֣Ѿ
εļƻķǳãû뵽;ȴ˺ܴıѾƿˡ
ȫΪЩˣα񾳸˷ӡһޣֻҪܹЩͷųΪȻٶԸݳֽˣһͻںܶ¾ӡڳԽҶС硣
ǵ浹̮һ˲䣬оͲƣΪЩʵ̫ˣ֪ô졣
Ҫնɱޣý岥ţĵ㣬˭֪Ӯһӳˣ׵Ĵļƻ
ⳡնжУҶСݲȣΣ壬ڴ࣬ḻϵǻָһ㣬Ǽʡ
ߣһùġźֶܶնɱޡ
Ҫеķͷһϣ϶ǲˣĿǰֻоնɱޣܹԼһһ㡣
ʱսҶСĻѾ˳ȥĶ֪һص޿ܻÿһг֣Щж˳׼ǿնС飬ԱͻȻֵ¼
ȻһЩҶС硢ڼߵĳԱҶСĻмһˣ·Ͳһ㡣
Ҳ֮бϾôҲÿ˶ҶСʮ㣬ԵţǲŵˣǺҶСг𣬻˵Ǽʡ
ҶСһֱվգʱʱ鿴ŷԲǧڵһУֻҪǸײУ֣࣬Ȼʱָӣǻ˵жնɱЩޡ
ղα񾳸ֺֻ޴սĳ涼ҶСУα񾳸ֵʵһֱ۵ʶαǿߡ
ϴκħǰ׼͵Ϯα񾳸֣ŸոͻƣҲûлָҶСսŸֺһսȻоʵǿᣬȴһ㡣
տǵսҶС׵ĸܵα񾳸ֵжôǿ
ҪͻƣѾɹˣû˺֮ǣɺ󣬾ͳױչءҶС
ʱ򣬾һǧĵطһСУܶȻһڽֵߣøʲô͸ʲô·Щһ㡣
ȻҲЩϢ֪Щ޻أǺܶ˶ŽΪͲܣȻҲնС飬ǣǿӣ¡
СУһΪĵ·ϣͻȻ䣬ܳһ޴ĺӰܶ˻ûŪô£˱һӰɡ
ʱڷӦ˹ǿһӰһֻ޴ޱȵޣһֻ޺͸ղϻеͼƬһģһǻܲףˡ

һһңܶ˶ԼߣҪŽԸһֻޣǾʧܣһֵϳ׵Ļ
Կԡ
׽ֻ޿дһѪҺȻǽ˵ʳȥ
ǿ־һ㣬úܶ˶ܡ
һӾЩնСˣЩ˿һֻ޵ײкһ˫ȶڷ¶˿־֮ɫ
ȲܴܲһֻޣϿǾһأʣսЩ˻ȫΪһֻ޿еʳ
Щ˿мߵΪȴûһǿߵģûоս֪սա
ô죿ô죿һնСĳԱĶŲԶʵ
ô죿ɱƨȻһֻųˣҿ㻹ǻؼұȥɣһһһ̺۵ӳĿһۣȻŤͷĶֻޣֹֻˡ


1862 һе
һ̵ˣնСɫǺޱȣ˲䣬Դͦͦţһ˵˵˭˵ҵСɱһҾɱ㿴
֪ǰŵ̵Ϲսͺħսǵ̺ۣǴһսġ
ŵ̵ΪĿ꣬ˣȻܹ⡣
ãŲث֣ǸѵġϼĴһļŤͷЩ˫Щ˺˭ث֣˵һϽȥҪﶪۡ
ӵĻЩ˫ȷǿ־꣬һ첱Ӵ֣ӲԴ˵ǲث֡
ãȻˣȥնɱֻޡ˫ĿһɨȻֻޡ
ɱ
ӴһӰһɱ¾֮һһǰľеĳӶһɲõµĵâֻնȥ
ɱ
ҲͬʱǸоеĿ־·ȫˣеҺڷڣһǿҵսⱬǱӵжͻ
ÿһ˶ԼǿĹâȫֻޡ
֨֨
ޱȼֻ޿дϺޱȼצһץ˹ٶȺܿ죬һռ䶼·ҪĶһ㡣
䡪
ӱĵâն˹ȥһӽһ߽⣬˵ĹҲˣһӺϡ
ɫѪҺĽЩӲޱȵƬ䣬˺һֻˡ
֨֨
һֻ޷ŭĽһһ˵¾ʧˡ
һ·泹׵Ļٻˣڸֻޡ
ü⣬˶סˣһĿɿڴӣԭΪֻޱȣû뵽Ǻ֮£Ȼޣ붼ģղſʼ֣ѾűľġӦóֵĻĸͲһ
ЩԾŤͷȥ˵Ӻ¶һ˿Цݣдһ˿Ļ䡣
ǵһΣһȺ߱ΪԿħĺ󱸶飬жʲôϣ·һƬ󺣵ĺħʱ˿־壬µҪ㶼򵽿ϡ
һӰһվУָǧݵӰġ
һ˸ģǲμս
һսȡʤȻһЩսбˣǸԺԼڳһˣκΣգκμ衣
ηһ̺ۣû˶ǵ̺۵˼ǰĶ
սͺ͵ʱеһˣСȥ˺ܶҰǿжҲȥ
һ˳ȥ֪ĺ嫣֪˺ܶණԳ˺ܶ࣬ҲΪΪߣͻǿ
񿴵Щˣ뵽˵Լ
ôܣֻ޵ΪѾʥؾ磬ǶǶصΪ
⣬û뵽ǾȻֻܹޡ
⻹𣿡
ܶ˶һ֮ɫ·Լġ
ûʲôܵġŤͷ˵
˶ĿͶӣдʣƺʣ⾿Ϊʲô
ȻֻΪ߳һȼЩη壬һֱǰеƶ˳۳һɣȻǿޱȣҲ֮Сӽ͵
˶٣˵ǻǸղһʼӣ˫ȾͷǶʥصΪ¶Ϊֻ޿еʳ
⾿ΪʲôһʵȻҲͬӵĻԭȥ
Ϊģ֮սĲΪĸߵ̬ͣǿߵģеӣΪһȫӲԷȴܹٷ֮һٶʮǰٷ֮һʮķӳ㵱Ȼܡ
УҪߣҪģԼ޾壬ǿ·ʤĵӽ͵
ӵһ˻Ȼʣ·пһǰķ
վеҶС磬ڷԲǧڵһ鶼ƿУ﷢飬ҶСȫ֪
ǸԥҪҪ֣ǳһͷֱնɱֻޣû뵽ڵӵĴ£ֻޣľҲ˺ܶࡣ
ҶСԿ϶ٴޣԻӦԣľѱ䡣


1863 Ʒ
ӸһĿΣȻսУһõʦ
Ȼܹźܴɱһ֪Ǿ
ͻȻڽֵϣ鲻ǷСУΧܶСжƵ顣
ص޴ӿĽֵϣ˿ܼСȽϴĹ㳡һͶһЩѪǿ󡢶ûʲôв֣߳ٶȺܿ죬һھǺüˣкֱܶӱЩ˺ƬѪɽ
ͻ飬ܶ˶ŵܵˣûʵԸЩޣľѾӡ
ЩһңֵжΪЩṩ˷㣬նС˾޴ѹȻЩУЩնС˼޶ŵƨûоʲôĥֱŰϢһֻ֮УӰǵս⡣
ЩҶС綼УҪֵģûг֣ҪֵģûмȥնɱЩޡ
УҶСҲ˻߾Щ˵ΣʶȽǿǳͷ⣬ȥһЩïܵУ˵Ǻܶ˶Ѫֳ棬ԲᾪţĺΧޡ
ǱϾǱ߾֪ЩʱпϮȻһ׼
ڵصˣţΪ嶼ڵأôľѾԶˣʹо飬Ҳ޼¡
иӸߵĶţΪ̬ЩƽʱܣͲĶ޲²Ųˡ
ǻڰ֣仰һҲ٣չȥٴηʲô飬ڻ˵ǺܴĴ
һ³ֵ˵顣
վеҶСĬĬĿЩ£ͻȻ䣬бųϬĹâŰٹ⣬һͳУͻȻ䣬ֻص޾ȻͻȻ˳ٶȼ죬˷ʤ
˲䣬ʮ˾ͳЩ޿еʳľ׽ţ·ζʳһѪЩ޿

ʱܶ˲ŷӦе˶ܣתۼ䣬ֻʣֻޡ
ź⣬·Ѱʳ
ʱؼһ󷭹ҶСһ£۳Ӱ
ҶСһſͬһ㣬ݺݿ£ʱ䣬һǿԵѹ£Ƭռֱ̡
ղŻһײ֮ޣʱɪɪ·ʲôֲһ㡣
䡪
һ֮£ֻȫѹ⽴ĽֵϺɫѪҺ·Ҫ·ȫȾɺɫһ㡣
ҶСüͷһ壬һһƻ˵ϣֻ޵ʬͬɫѪҺȼյĸɸɾ
һĻԶǶ
Ҷһ˾
ҶҪȻЩ˶Ҫɡ
ǰлҶ
ܶ˿ҶСһ˿𾪺͸лҶСĵǼʱ갡ҪȻ֪ʲô顣
ֻѾնɱǲٺ£ǿʼҶС磬ҶСӴ
ʱҶС׼ջһͻȻһſ޺˹
ҶС磬㻹ŮʲôҶֱ֣ŮͲˣ֡
һɳȹŮӿ޺˵Ǻ⡣
ûҶСΪǵŮˣȥһҲΪĵ˵
˵̬ϿһǷɣǸղűɵһӵĸĸ
˵ĻҶСһȻû뵽ᷢ顣
޵жûܹԤ⣬α񾳸Ҳ޿κΣǴʱȻҶС硣
ôܹô˵أҶЩ˶Ҫ˺ܲ˵ҶС绤
ǣ̫ˣҶǣǲлҲͰ˾Ȼô˵ʵ̫ʧˡ
Χܶ˶һԷ޳ӣǷ·ûһ룬дźĿҶС硣
˵ĸȻҪǵİΣǵİΣ⣬ǲ˭ȥдʵ˵·һжҶСĹ
ЩҶСû뵽ϣȻƷˡ
˵ĸǣʲôñǣѵǵıڣΪǼҷģҶС綢ʵ


1864 粨ܴ
㡭ôô˵˸Ȼ˾Ϊ˱ǻ˴ڵģѵⲻ𣿡һŭ˵
Χ˶ӶһӣǴûмôƷˣȻеĹᵽҶСϡ
ҶСЦһ˳ĸԭΪ˶Կ壬ǻĵİΣûıԣڱ㣿˶ôҪôǲӦÿ߶ɳһ˱ΪʲôūͣǸôҲᱣ㣬ΪֵãλöûаڷĺЩնɱģղôЩս
ǲǵˣӱɱǵȥûУ治֪ĸôģ
ҶС绰ＫΪϬԷֻվڸĸķ棬Ϊʧȥ˺ӣ޴󱯶ʧȥáԽܣǶԷ޺ûдﵽ̶ֳȣ˵Ŀ˼ѽܣ·˵˱Ǿ쾭ġ
ֻܲˡ
ҶСĻɫһһ׵ģѿ֮ݺݵĵҶСһۣȻߵӻ뿪ˡ
Ȼˣһ漣
٣ҼҷҪݺһ٣Ȼô˵ҳݵż񡣡
ҶǧҪ⣬ҪΪǸ˶
۷׷ף˰οҶС磬ǵ𾴣Ƿĵ𾴡
ģҲںģֻе΢΢˸У޹ѧʲôҶС絭һЦȻʵ
ѧʲô
ҶѧҪˣ
ǰҪǶҪֻ޿С
ܶ˶ô˵ģʹʲô뷨Ҳ˵⵽˵ȺŹ
ǵĻҶСЩʧҡҡͷѵֻϣ𣿡
ҶСĻ˶һ㶣дɻ֮ɫ·𻹲ҶС绰е˼
ǵҶСЩΣڵ̫ˣǾһֻһ㣬ʧȥͻв̽թΣ٣ЩҲã˵ǼȥĻͻɥʧֱܡ
Ҫ֪ΣĴڣǡˣҲڵĻô죿ѵ׼ȴһδ֪㣿ҶС翴ʵ
ɫʲôʱǶܹԼȫˣҪԼЩΪǿ󣬶಻Щ£ΪλܣŵðɣǾѵһж⣬ǵʵǿһ˲ǵĶ֣ʮˣһٸأ
ΪߣҪһηģǶȥһЩҰ֯еϻԱǾĥǺúɣ
ҶС翴һۣȻ廯Ϊʧ˿С
ҶСʧһƬ˶ֵһƣǽסһ㣬ǶڻζҶСղ˵Ļ
Ҷ˵еȷʵҪԼУһʱǹ̫ˡһ̾һ˵
Ҳ׷˹ҶС˵ĺе˾ģһҪһĥ
ղҶ˵ĻãҲã֪ղû˽һĻһʵ
ҡһСȺд
˿ȥֻһСкֻʮһ꣬忴ΪĵӰϻһ˿ɬ
Сܵܣлл㣬ҪȻҶĻͲܹݵˡһʮŮ¶˿֮ɫȻСкһڣСкǺˡ
ʱҶСעطʲôطû֧ԮȥʲôطնɱЩصޡ
һȻԱһ㣬ϵĽ٣۳壬Ȼնɱޡ
Щصɵķ粨ܴ󣬻ľһʡݶϮҿҶСȼ֮֯նС飬ҪȻȻɿµĺ
ʱ򣬽渽սѾҪˣֻϢ٣ϺɫѪҺϵ£һֿµħԡ
ϵƬܶ඼£Բٹڣܶ޶նɱˣһصʬ塣
ȻΪ˶Ըֻµޣα񾳸ֶ˺ܶ࣬Уֻα񾳸ΪңϺܶطһ˺ۣЩ˺кʹ˿ڸͲܹϡ
Ϊˣս˺ܳʱ䣬ֻ޾ͶˣʱɳӮһҪˡ
һֻܹǶôļǳ


1865 
뽣ʮ๫⣬һЩַնɱޣһնɱޣһ鿴ŽǱ߻ҶСǱߵ
Ǳߣα񾳸ֶʱɫܲÿӮȴûˡ
ٿҶСʱиƽΪʲôҶСʲôվָֻ֪ӣȻô˳Լأƴƴȴʲô𾴵Ķ
ＫΪĲƽ·ȫ˶һ㡣
ҶС磬һ㸶޴Ĵ۵ġк޺޵
ʱֻ޴޺ٴսһα񾳸ֵս쳣ңǶããգǶڵϵӰȻǿ
ϣܶС򶼱ƳƽأҺҶСһ㰲ˣǳ룬ҪȻ޻ңࡣ
䡪
һ죬α񾳸ֵΧ£ֻ޴ڱˣɫīѪҺɢ£һƬⶼ¡

ֻ޴һֻ޵ʵѾα۷壬ֻһ͵α񾳺ڣǿޱȣǶα񾳳ڵĸ֡
ս˺ܶࡣ
У˸һ·һʯͷһ㡣
ղŵսУֻ޽ضǣǲ˿иҪȻԻ⵽ֻ޵ķ
Ӯȫ֣ǶΪֻӮġ
α񾳸һķ߳ɣϻˣһҵӣȻһϮɫȹӮɫۣ𣬿˶ЩΡ
ʱͻȻ䣬ɫͬʱһ䣬ǿǸѨУһɴޱȵĺðһɺȻγһӣУǱ䣬Ű˶ҿ˫۾
ǻָѾʧˡ
ղʲôһα񾳸ֲʵ
֪Ǹ̫ˡһα񾳸µ˵
α񾳸һ۲ĬĬĲŶͷϵ亹Ǵûôµ䵭Į˵ìܡ
·һ˫۾Уʲôõһ
֪ʲô𣿡һα񾳸ֽĿͶӮΪӮ֪ĳЩȻʱĸ֣Ѿʲôˡ
ӮĿͶҲĿͶ
ɫΪأĿ˵һֿµ
ǶһʧҪ֪ʲôǲ˵Ҳûʲô취Ӯֻǵ˵ͷûʣѾ֪䵭Ҳ⡣
ҿǻǾ콫ڷסɣԷʲôһα񾳸лһ˿ֵ˵
ӮûֱӴӦǽĿͶα񾳸֣·ѯʣȻϸԷôġ
Ҿεʧʵ̫ˣԭ򣬶ѨģűҪӡҪȻɾ޴вα񾳸һ˵Ϊ롣
ǵɫӮЦǱղסˣƽʱװޱȵӲû뵽ڵǵˡ
ȻӮܾ£ѨӡϾղѨѾðһµĶ˭֪гʲôοֺܹΪ΢ħ
ðɣӮ˵ͷӦ
˿ΧȻ󻺻˵ﲼһʮܹѹֻĺڶ
Ըα񾳸΢΢һ漴ָƽӣһ˿Ĺ˵
ȻǹӶװĵģֻʱŻֵ˹Ĺ
ӮûѯΪ֪ҲǰʣͲش
Ӯָ£α񾳸ֻжǿʮɽʮ޴ӣһ㡣
Ӯָķλǽ޴ǸѨܣλòõļΪ
һкӮԶھ޴ϵ˻ƣЩƹ£Ϳ·Ӯõλ󷨴ҵĴһ㡣
Ӯ̻ƵӣһƬɫû뵽ӮôȻ󷨣ΪҲܸ
Ȼα񾳸ɫҲÿлǵ͹ӮͬʱӮҲľ֪һӮսģ֪ӮĶһЩһʤ㡣
ֻ޴նɱˣȻڣ٣ͷ۵ľЩصޣû̫Ԥˡ


1866 
һʱ䣬ڲˣɺҲûкðǸĶѨҲѾʧˡ
һʱ䣬ϵȫնɱˣֻʣЩصޣܳïɭеޡ
֪о޴ΣȫͲðͷЩ׼ɱһΡ
ѾûޣɫǳÿĴһизѲӣԻΪѰҳЩµޣʵΪѰҴڸУǺ
Ϊ˽Щ޳նɱҶС粢ûøսŵ뿪ǽȫɢֳСֶӣڻĳѲ
޷粨ʧ൱صģ棬ͬΧɽȫ飬ΧСȫ𣬳ƽأüȷĳֱ̱ܶ¥ŵĳпһˣ·һǣֵǺɫͺɫѪҺ·ǵ˵һ㡣
ΪģسǣؼУȫ𡣲ˣľڣЩܵ͵ϮĵطҲʧĺܲء
ζԿ޵ĹУ֪ж˶ֱǳΪ޿еʳ
ŷбȽϽпɳһЩǿĸ֧ԮҪȻʧΪء
ҶС罫鰲󣬱㽫ĿͶ˽Ǳߣںܶ˶ħһʼʱҲ̫ˣ˵ЩֽͬħȫնɱûˣֻʣЩħˡ
ǱϾ࣬ȻѾ˱죬˵ĸֲûնɱǶǽȫ׼˭ʲô취ûеĻֻܹնɱʵ̫Σˣű
Ҷ
Ҷ
뽣治ԶĵطһȺּҶС罵£һ֮ɫк
ҶС΢ЦͷҲǴкĿͶһƬһƬڣȫħˣǧˣڵȫݻ٣ֻʣ˽ʵޱȵΧиֲóĹĤסЩħˡ
ҶЩħô죿һʥسڵĸߵҶСǰʵ
ҶСüģȻ󿪿˵Ǳ߿Ҫˣ黹ɣϾ̫ҪˣᰲŽȫоܲƳǻָҩ
ʥسڵĸֵ˵ͷ
ˣû˷µô£ôԵ޹ʱ󷨱ƻҶСüͷѯʵȻܹо³Ź졣
ﶼ֪жٸͷˣ󷨲õĺܽʵôԵ޹ʵıЩɵ㡣
˷ˣСһˡα񾳸˵ȻŤͷС飬һ¡
ֻһɫ£ڶʮС˹
壬ʲô£С˹ѯʵɫࡣ
ȫ˵ҶΪʥصĸ˵
ҶС鹧ĽһȻ󻺻˵ǰһ˸оǱսĲ׼ȥով뽣ʮ·ʱǿȷʵڽս໥һµĹǿ漴涼˿Χɽһѱ죬ʱǶסˡ
ûпս˳ʲôӣҶСüѯʵ
СҡҡͷûУ̫ԶˣûпοǶսϹâӿ塣
޴ӽʱûг֣ҶСٴʵ
ûг֣ǺʧˣǱҲ˵С˵
ҶСü룬Ȼ󵭵һЦС˵лˡ
ҶôӦСЩִٵ˵·ܲϰҶСĸл
Ѿ꣬СԾ뿪ˡ
ҶôˣѵʲôԾĵط𣿡ҶСüͷһ˼ӣʥظдɻѯʵ
ȷʵܲԾǰ鿴Ǳߵ󷨣ҪƳǸ󷨣ٶҪʥصĸ֣ǱεĵطǸ߻ô鷳ȥ嶥սͲϳˣǶ붼ǹġҶС
ʥظ־һ漴һ룬Ҳôºܹ죬϶ʲô顣
Ƚˣ飬ûʲô֡ҶС翴ʥصĸ˵
ǣҶһ񡣡ʥظ˵
ҶСһЦʲô񣬶æ
һŬ¡ʥظ˵Ȼ뿪ˣ¡
ԶȻҶСЩ̸ʲôȻһֲõԤС
ѵʲôѾ˻ɣܣ޷죬ǲκģҪСĵ㣬òҪǶסˡ
֪һҶСķºԼйأôԼڻľͳ׵ʧȥһУǰȫ׷ˡ
һҪ취ǣܹôš
˼µҶСͻȻһĿ⣬·ڶŤͷȥֻһ۵ڿɫƺЩŹ֡
ѵºйأҶС


1867 ̫α
Ӯ󷨱˹α񾳸ȥƺһʲô
׵סǸѨҶСʵ
Ӯɫܳأҡҡͷ˵ôף񲻹ʱѹס˶ѣǸѨеĺʮֲֿһǿҵĸʴԣǰǸ󷨾񾳸ֲóģֻܹѹƺϧʱ̫ˣ󷨶ʱĥˡ
ҶСһȻʵҲ¡
Ӯ˵ͷ¶붼Ϊġ
ҶС罫ղС˵ĻȫӮӮɫܲÿѾĥ˺ܶ࣬Ҳʥܹƿģʥ۷ĸҪƿһʱ䣬ʣΪģһҪ˭֪Ժ󻹻ʲô顣
ȷʵҪϲ飬ˣЩôҶСָЩħĸʵ
ȫؾǰӣӦа취ûа취ҲܹﴦҪȻúܶ˺ġӮ˵
лˣҪ㣬֪ǻĻҳʲôӡӮĵĿҶСм˵
ֻԺͲҪ˵ˣǶΪֻܹġҶС˵
ãӮһҶСļȻʵûлɵĶ󣿡
ܾºйϵȴû֤ݡҶС˵
ǵ뷨һ£ûв͸ǽţǾܹġӮ˵
ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ҶСʵ㽫︽˶ŵ˺ߣ
ǵģҽǶٵһϣĿǰﶼ޷סˣҪǱ߸ǰסҶС˵
޷粨ˣǾôЩƵ˵ˡ
΢΢˼һӮ˵ҿԶסǱߵģϾǸֺ֮أһٶȱҪԱһȥ˴ǸСϵ飬ͽˡ
ãҶСһڴӦ
ҶСӮ˵ʱɫܲÿںα񾳸ʲô
εļƻʧˣȫûеõκκôȴһɧɫܲÿ˵
ԲҲû뵽ӡ޻ô࣬ҲôԭΪֻһСɣĻģȽСѣȻͿնɱЩޣɾ;һα񾳸֮ɫ˵
˵ˣѾȥˣ˵Ҳûʲôãжʱû˿¶һ˿֮ɫʵ
ûУǵΪڸĻǶȻ֪α񾳸ŵ˵
ǾͺãҪرСģѾɵǣֻûʲô֤ݶѡĿһɨ˵
һעģɾͻɣ֤ݣߺߣǸûʲôǾǽ緭һ飬¶Ҳα񾳸Цһ˵
ԻһӢս龰ҪҪƵݵϣһα񾳸ʵ
ԣ¾ͽˣٷʲôǾͻʧɣбų⡣
ǣα񾳸ָϽ˵ͷ亹Ȼ֪˵Ǿ仰˼ͨѾرգȻûа취ٻʧˣֻ
ҶСӮһӮһսžжȥսŵ˶ЩħˣԶԶȥһӰһ㡣
ʱֻʣҶСˡ
û˰ɣҶСѯʵ
ûСҡҡͷ漴ĿͶҶС磬ڲ𣿡
ȻȥɣǵĴӪһе顣
ֻǿҶСһۣȻ뿪
ղҶС׼뿪ʱͻȻΧڷŷĵӰŷҲμսŷĻٶȳ֡
ҶСո׼ȥѰŷģȴ˹ͣĵȴš
ôûмû뵽ôڣԽԽ쵼ˣղָӣѵûϵһ𣿡ϴ΢ЦҶС˵
ҴûҶأҺ֮ĹϵĻˣ˵˭ǸλöһΨ㲻СҶСǺһЦȻ˵
˶٣Ŀѹ˵Ϊ̫޳ˣ̫αˣţΪ˻İ£ǲġ
Ҫ𣿡˫΢΢һУźʵ
Ȼԣԣ֪α񾳸֣ϧҲܵģնĸֵôӮˣֹ㡣ҶСƽ˵
ߣĿԴɣߡҶСһۣȻһ뿪ˡ


1868 
뿪ıӰҶС⣬ǧҪ֪㣬ҪȻһǳңҶС
뽣ٹ⣬һСǣһͨԺڣŷһУǰŷӵܣŷӵɫ԰ޱȣûһ˿Ѫɫһ˿ҲûС
ڵѪҺȫŷˣŷĵʵһ˿˿
ã˫Ŀһֻ֣ǰʬݺһգʬһӻΪޡ
ŷŷӵѪΪ£ŷȻ֪һ湻̵ġ
žžž
ϲΪֽһ㡣һ·صİ漴һ
ŷһĨ⣬˫ȭɿΪʲôˣû뵽ҶС磬Ȼ֪ҶСǲὫ¸ŷģҪȻͱŷ֪
ʲôѵ뿴ŷһһУŷԳһЦ˵
ҵȻϣһĻҶСЦЦ
֮ǰ͡ŷĶҶС˵
˵бṵ̂𣿡ҶСĿŷ˵
ŷһû˵þſʵʲô£
ŷЩѪʱûиоԾĵطҶСʵ
Ծĵطŷüͷһ壬ƺ˼ʲô
ʵش˵ϵȫҶСޱ˵ǧѪҺзһЩصĵط˲Źʲô˵
ŷԥһȻ󻺻˵˵ѪʳѻƬһ㣬ԽգԽһҪյĳ嶯ʱҸоǿƲڵһ㡣
˵꣬ĿͶҶС磬ɻ
ҶСбų⣬ʶһķϣҿԸ㣬ЩѪпѾˡ
ҴǧѪҺеѪз֣һɵ־Ȼһ־Ǻǿ󣬵ѪĻʶҲǿ󡣡
˵ŷ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Ӧ˵ʲô˼ȻⲻҵƲ⣬ѡšҶСƽ˵
ŷĿɬһЦʱ򣬻Ҳ𣿡
ò˵ŷ滹ǸţȻܹİ취ҶСЩ˵
ûа취Ѫȡ˼
뱣סŷǧŷ̧ͷһʣȻ˵ͲܣַĻҲ˼ŷô˵ѪʱͬǸеĻԣȫˣ޷ֿ
һ취ûУҶСüʵ
ĿǰûСŷҡҡͷ¶һ˿ã֮ɫҲû뵽ԼǧֳѪĹȻֽ֡
ŷĵӣҶСһԽռֱӻصһ
һϣȻһûжٸˣһСͮͮϧСͮͮ٣ŮһС
ȻȫĵͶ˽ȥʱʱͷųԼ鿴ŷԲǧڣûЩͻȻܳޡ
ҶС翪ʼʱȪжߣҶСרΪЩƶĵϣѾһˣЩ˶ճƷн췿ݵĲϡ
ǵİźʹ£һľ¥ʼɣЩƷҲȫȥ
ʱ޷粨ǲ鲻ˣܶ˶£ҲǶµۡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱһƵϹ㷺˳ƵһַնɱĻ棬̶һСʱʱ䣬ƵתѾһ
ƵϿ·һӢһ㣬ݣƺƺƣϺܶ˶̾ѡ
˭ǰôûм
һҶ࣬ǻֳһһĸ֡
˧͡
ôֻƵûҶƵϲҶƵˡ
ʱڵǰ鿴źܶԣЩʱɫܲÿ
ʱ򣬾Ȼ˲ʶҲ̫ûдڸ˰ɣҹԼƵУܶȴдҶС磬ֱӱˡ
Կԡ
ȭͷգһȭǰĵԴ򱬣ʱͻȻ俴һۡ
նɱ޹УҶݽ
һ滹һӡ
ɫѿһˢ£ʱ䣬ǶƵȫˣֱӱˡ

ǿеĲ죬һǸӣȻ㿴һƵ̶һƵĵʻתѾƵ
㿪ƵֻҶСվգ˵˶һѵĻ
нĿͶϵѾﵽʮ˴ΣǧĲࡣ
ţĿƣЩۣԽɫԽѿ
ҶС磬ҾͲűȲ㣬һҪѡ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Щûһظģȫ˵֧ҶСĻ֧֣ʲǹ¡


1869 
ҶСЩ˵һƵϷҶСĻ󣬺ܶ˶˾ҪŬԼıǿ
ÿһ۸о·һкݺݵͱУĹ
׷Ѱȴ˺ԣҶСֻ΢΢һȻǵô˷ȥ׷
ƽʵ̫ƽˡ
ء
վһǰĵԣһشصĵ绨䣬·Ц
ֻ뵽ԼĲƽǣ˵۾ѩģ֪ҶС縶ʲô
ӺħϮҶСͿʼǰߣǧУݵָս˻һһҫǸʱʧһС
ϣûʲôƽĴֻиջ
£һͿأȫԼû뵽Ϊ̬ƫҶС磬ҶСǣû뵽ġ
ʱһȥ޷粨죬һµҶСЩһ꣬ͻȻһεɢ
ΪĶʮ׵ĿռڣһĪıƬռɢһƬƬһƮ䣬·Ҳɢһֱ
ʮӵʱ䣬ЩһŻָһʱҶСٴνһ˱һڰ˲ͽһ
ҶС˫Ŀ˫ĿâոմǰƮƬһ꣬˲ήȻָֻһּ
⼸ûг֣Щ͵͵ֵȫɢЩսŵȫնɱǶǾսˣͨǰޣ෴ǼЩ޼Ϊ˷ܣֱնɱ
ΪҪЩϵۼףЩۼ׿ΪӲס
ҶСһһ棬˿Ȼ󻺻³
һ򼸺˵ǿʽģ˭ԳȥҶСҲЩѧԱǰһȥĻᣬȻڴиţ˻һ
ҶСվգĿһɨһӱ㿴ŲƵ죬ʱϣһľ¥Ϊ룬Щľ¥룬һԲ״һ󷨣ʱСԵһػϡ
ʱһӰ˹һʥسڵĸ֣ÿξǱ߿ʱ򣬻϶ΪҶС紫ţһȥҲϤˡ
ǰʱ򣬺ҶСϵõǾӿˣмϧǴκħα񾳸ϮʱΪ˱
ǴεĳԶˣôΪᵵǰһΪȥĶڵѪʹ޷
Щ˶ǿǱΪͻƺ󣬱ȻԳħα񾳸֣ӣ»ᣬǵľΪɾġ
ҶʥظҶСǰһҶСûзӦٴνһ
Ҷ
ţҶСŷӦ˹ղ˶µлС
˼ղˡҶСǸĿʥظ˵
ҶСǸʥظֶҶСӡˣûû£ղŴˣˣҶûȥ
ȥҶСɻʵ
ǰ죬˵Ҫǰ֪ͨ㣬ȥѵû֪ͨʥظɻʵ
ûСҶСҡͷ˵ͬʱɻӮô붼뽣¼йأʲôΪûأ
⻹ˣһȥܲһˣûм˵չˡʥظҲɻ˵
չˣôܣŸոͻƣп϶ʲô顣ҶСʮֿ϶˵
ʱӮôչأҪ֪黹ûвأӮп˺ܴľġ
ѵʱУʲô鲻ɣ
ʱ䣬ЩʲôҶСͻȻѯʵ
ʥظȻ֪ҶСָһˣ˵ǳȥһΣûʲôˡ
ҶСû˵Źâ֪Щʲô
ҶСʥظȥСĵģҶСѯʵ޷ǧ顣
ҪϵʱͻȻ䣬һǿϢҶСα񾳸໥һۣȻĬĬĵȴš
Ƭ̣һɫ۵˴վյ죬ԴҶС˵ϣȥһˣҪҪ
Ӹ£·ҶСʥصĸֶЩŭҶСûʲôҲû˵ʲô
һƳҶСһۣȻ뿪
Ҷ
˵ףȻǾǱ߷ʲô仯ҪȻҲô񡣡ҶСбųһĨâ
ǰʱ򣬲˭ҪƺһҶǲʵģǸղ˵̬ȼΪӣһ߸ϵӣ·ҶС绹Ҫ˾ȵֱӳƺ֣̫ˡ


1870 ͻ
Ҷ¿⡣ʥصĸ˵
ӸղǸ˵̬ϣʥظֶ⣬˵ҶСˣ⻹һ⡣
ţȻǾǱ߷ʲôת飬ߴʱѾֳ˺üϵҶС˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵
ҶղӦò뿪˵
ǺǣȻǱôյĶҲǺܶ࣬ǽ£Ҳòʲô󻹻¿ʵǶԸҵķҶС絭һЦž⡣
Ǳķʲô仯㻹Ҫȥ𣿡ʥصĸʵ
ȥôȥȥͲ֪ʲô顣ҶС˼ûֱ˵
ʥظ΢΢һ̾Ȼ˵ȻҪҶȵƬ̣ȥǱߴ̽̽ûʲô飬ȥҲ١
ҶСҡҡͷԸңʹǶȻֵģɵӣ˶֪ȥ˾ûл˻ô룿
ǣԸ㣬ǲ˼ʲôʥظޱȵĵҶСһȥء
ģǻó׼ġҶСһʥظֵļ˵
Ȼˣףˣһһֱʥظ˵
ҶС˵ͷȻ뿪׶Է˼ʥظǺ˶Ը棬Լʲô飬ҲὫ¼£Ȼ󰵰ãȻ󹫲ڡ
뿪СҶСֱӽٵ¸
ԵƬ̣һЩ׼ҶСĻǳƽ˵ֱʧ˴Լʮӵʱ䣬ڳ֡
߰ɣʮƽ˵һ䡣
ӣҶСʵ׼ʲô
ʱ֪ˡ񵭵˵أǲҶС絽ʲôҶСһơ
󣬾Ǻһûʲôı䶯ٴӱϿκα仯
ܲſں˱˽ȥ
ˣҶӭǰ롣˸ո߽ȥһʥصĸֱӭܹ˵
ʥظֵĴ£һУźԪ
ʱˣǶˣܶλõҪˡ
ҶС߽ȥ󣬾˳Ҳһλϣһλ˿ںλʺϲʺԼ
ʱ˼е˶ˣȻһЩĬĬеûеȻμλ顣
˵ղ˶ڵȴҶС
ҶС翴˿ڶû˵ʲôֱӱ˫ĿȻƽʵĶεĻ
ϸܵһǿģ·һһоƿ֮еʣԺͬʱкޣмʡ
ʲôͻȻıô࣬ҪǴʱԼĿгϷʣ·ʲôҪҪһ㡣
Ȼ˶ѾˣôεĻ㿪ʼɣʱͻȻ䣬һʥ۷ĸ˵Ҳǻĵĸ϶ܲǵ͵û뵽ھȻ˳
ƽʱʱʥ۷ĸֿܺͰƣһӣǴ˿̣â¶Ƶɢ˫ĿĿϬһ㡣
Ҳ̫װ˰ɣҶС뵽
ҶСжһ죬ȻоǾȻûмӮˣѵӮʲô鲻ɣ
ûأôڻͿʼأѯʵ
ǰﻹû
һЩ˷׷˵л¶ŭ֮ɫ
ʥ۷ĸĿһɨϬĹâڶʧȥɫʣϵѹ£Щ۵˶͡
ڣڶϣҶСѾ˲Ծĵط̫졣
ҽҪ˵ľǴ£ͻȻȥչˣٱչǰصؽݴһְе飬Ͼ˲һҪլʺһжΪ˻ģʥ۷ĸ˵һһ䣬Ϊ
ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һһӱ˹ӮѾ⵽ǵĶ֣ǻ˭Ҳ֪
ò׽˾Ҫôߵ˾ͷҶСе˸У֪Ӯ£ڲȻףһΪ١
Щʵ̫ˣǾȻԻῼԼ˽ģҪ
ԸҶСʮռǿһݴְλ¾ͻὫеһпУ˳߲׵ĵ߸˵ı˼룬οǴʧ罵ٵģ˭֪ʲôĿġ
֮ݴΪĲʡ


1871 ˷
ôʱչء
ĸԣԲǸݴְλģΪܵԱӦҶ
ԣӦҶҶ顣
п϶ʲôè塣
ʥ۷ĸ£һЩȫǺܴ˶׷һ¸Ͳ
Ҳǣǣܶ˶ҶСޱȣУӮ˳ôҶС綨ȻΪģʥ۷ĸȻݴְ֮Էڡ
Ȳ˵⣬۹׶ȣҶСʵǲ̫Զˡ
һ£ѵľɣʥ۷ĸ˫Ŀųϵɢ
ղЩºЩڶԷƵѹ£һͣȻвʣǶԷɵѹ̫ǿˣοҶСҲûзԡ
֪Щ˻ԣ˵µʱǺܶ˶ڡοûĽѵͲʺݴְλ𣿡ʥ۷۷ĸʵ
ͬݴְλ¼ʥ۷ĸ˵
Ҳͬ⡣
Ҳͬ⡣

Уܶ˶ͬݴ֮λ
飬ҶСһƽƺһ㣬ЦЦĶҶС磬ƺ˵ɣѾݴ֮λˣ˾ˣԺҪҵġ
ҶСһ˿Ļȣд⣬ʱѾȷӮȻѾ⵽˲⡣
ҶСЦݣ뽫ҶСһ٣ЦЦ̫ˣ·Լݴ֮λûйϵһ㡣
Ϊ˴룬ûô
Ķ˸߲ĳԱͬ⣬ʹŴѾ˶֡
ȻĿǰһЩûзѾӰˣڿһλõҶСȻ֪Щ˵Ѵα񾳸֣α񾳸ִѹޱȾ޴Щ˲ò
˶ûʲôˣʥ۷ĸĵ˵ͷĿͶҶС磬Ҷʲô
ûʲôǣֻϣ꣬˻ܴڡҶС絭˵
㡭ҶСĻʥ۷ɫһѿǵɫÿȴû˵ʲô
һĿͶ񣬡֪˶ʲô
һӣû
ڨڨһЦȻе㲻ȴұ¶˲֡
ȻҶûʲôô¾ôˣԺݴְλְǻӭһ¡ʥ۷ĸϴЦ˵ȹơ
е˳⣬˶ƣҶСҲơ
ҶСƣкܲȻ·ʲôסһ㣬ҶС粻ƣúҶСƣ;üΪĲˣ·ʵڳء
ͶҶСĿ⣬ЩĹâ
֮ʱѾߵ˵һǰû£˫ַϣ壬һ쵼һ㡣
޷˵һЩлĻжԼݴ֮λҪ˴ĸ߶ȵȵȣΪһΰͼúܶ˶Ķѡ
ҶСоЦڿлһѣֶ˭ᡣ
֪ӽ쿪ʼ˾Ҳǰˣֹ£ֻܹһĻ
Ϊĵ湲ͬģأ¾ҪΪһ˵˽вƲˡ
ҶСΪεĻЩͷԵˣʣкܶ˾ĺô֧ģ˵ˣƿķ䡣
˴Ӹ߲Ѿʼã˭Ҳ֪Ժᷢչʲôز
ǫķλϣдһ˿ЦƳҶСһۡ
ڰһְλı仯ҶС統ȻȻǸǺһ˵ȨǶеսŵȨȵȡ
˵һЩ޹ʹĻⳡˣܶ˶׷뿪תۼ䣬ڣֻʣҶС硢񣬻α񾳸֡
ĿҶСһۣȻпϣ˵ôû뵽ɣ
û뵽û뵽㾹ȻܹɫĶԸҶСһ̧ۣĿϬ˵
ʲô˼ԸЦɲҪ˵˶֪ڱչءװһɻ˵
㻹ҶСЦһ
һЦĬϡ
ǲҶӦλãкܲˣⲻǸʼѵϣԺصصչġչļء
ǺǣҲûκεĲˣֻһ˸еɱȻѣǣҲչ˵ģϣƨܹһ¡ҶС絭һЦȻѿɫУ߳


1872 Ӧ1
ҶС뿪ɫѿΪҶСһͷû뵽ʱҶСĿôӲмֵĲˬ
ղôҶСһܺõĻᡣһα񾳸źʵ
ǻûκΰգϾʱĸ֣˭Ҳ֪ʲôֶΣοܶ˶֪˽ܲĻطܴ󡣡
ξͷŹǣʱ򣬻űʹ࣬һĶԸҳ˴ҪԸǡ
Ȼղ֮ԲԸҶСҪûаգһ鴫ˣ»ľûǵ֮ˣοѾˣҶСٳʲôĻе˶Ὣ뵽ϡ
ããУҶСһжȥһ·ϣ˶Ĭһ仰˵
þãҶСŻ˵ӽѾˣû뵽Ȼô졣
Ӧô񵭵ʵڹĶֵ飬ǺУʱҲһĹֻ֪񾳸֡
øʲô͸ʲôȫǵĶǱҪöԿ׼ҶС絭һЦ˵
˵ͷϣһҶСĻ
СʱҶС翴ʥصĸһĵȴʲôȻȥˣԼ¡
Ҷ㰲ȫʵ̫ˣ֪ôǲıչˣʥظּҶСнѯʵɢϲ
Ǳչˣֻǵ˵ǣѾʲô⣬δ֪ҶСص˵
ôܣα񾳵ĸְʥظ־š
Ҳ벻һ㣬ʹα񾳸ΧʵܣǸû˿Ķ·Ǳչȥһ㡣ҶСü˵ǲ⡣
ȷͬһУҪնɱԷѣǶ󷨣Ҳܲһ˿ĺۼһʱ̼䣬ҶСҲ֪⵽ô¡
ȻаԷܹôϢĶԸӮôпܺϢĶԸ˭Ҳ˵
ҶھǱʲôʥظѯʵ
˴˶֧ٶ̫ˣ´Ӵ˺ҲԱΪĿˣǳĳЩеĹߣò˶ãͻ֪ϢҶС΢΢һ̾
ôôҪƾٳӦҶǸġʥظ˵
鲻˵㣬˵㡣ҶС絭һЦõģҲܹϴڲصĻᣬѡģǱضҪĴۡ
˵ҶСбų⡣
ҶҪ˶жԣʥظ˵
ҶСҡҡͷһ˼ͿˣǧҪУα񾳸֣һº֣Ǿʧذ
Ǹңʥظ˫Ŀһ˵
ʲôҵģǶҶ֣˵ˣص䣬仰Ӧɣ
ʥظֳĬһ䡣
Ǹøʲô͸ʲô͵û飬ǧҪ¡ҶС綣
ʥظǿ˵ͷ
ҶСصһļȻصһ
һһϪˮԣһƽʯϣʫţüĿ䣬ŵİ
ôˣüģǲʲô˵ˣҶС˹ȥʵ
ûʲô㲻õĵġʫҡͷ˵
ҡҶС˫֣ϣŲȻúʫֱԼʵʲô飬Ҫ
ҶСӣʫ֪ԼӲһˣЩĵ˵ǲǺܱѾ˺ܳʱˣһûͻƵʥء
ҵʲô飬ԭ£ˮɣżûõģʱΪ᲻֪ͻƣοٶѾˡҶСЦ˵
ǡң㡣ʫ˵
һֱоԼƺ̫ûˣʲôɣûй츳Ҳû־ȷķƺԼǶˣŬٵΪȻҶС磬Ϊܳʱûͻˣ
ңҪǰȫǿ֣ˣ㲻Ҫһһԣ˺ӺֻҪΪǽúӾˡҶСЦЦ˵
󣬺ʫܲҶС˼ϸֳһĨɬĺΡ


1873 Ӧ2
ˮʣ·֣һ˿һ˿ů
ǵ׺һƬƬһˮУһһŮУʴˮܵ
¶£һŮΪԭʼ赸
ʱ򣬺ʫصŮӸͲԸ棬ҶС˵ʱһûκͬˡ
ҶСͺʫˮ֮ʱѾⷢһϢ
ӮչأӰ˵ľ飬شְ֮Ժ˴С
һϢ·ˣܶ˶ϢʵԣΪ˹ƴļϢһϵе֤ʵǲϢġ
ϢӦΪңЩսŵսЩԱҲӦǿҡ
˭ôûһǶûôܹΪأЩ˷ɻ
˲ǰóֵģʵҲͦǿģҶ˵ǲ̫Զ治˶ܹΪҶѻһڣҶǸˡ
ǣǻģǸҶĹ״ǾżܣҿҲҪˡ
ЩǴСﴫģǵĻ˵ί񣬵ȻҲǺµˣȴһ޼ɵıԼĵ뷨
ʲôǸˣϽԶ㣬ۡ
ҶĿõģǬ֮£ȻҶ񣿡
ؼҳԷˡ
ʲô˶УƤû滳Ǹλϣ𣿡
һйԵд
ЩҶСһսսսʿжǷŭΪ˵еʹ
жΪҶСһεˣչأְλӦҶС絣ΣôֲǸ
˲֪ҲͰˣЩս֪
սô죿ѵ﷢ʩ˲ʵߵˡ
ôܹô죬ѵҪѲɣ˵ǶеĺǴΪأϣҶܹ⡣ս֮ɫ˵
Ҷģ˭ҶأѵĹ;ҪôĨɱɣ˷ʵ
Щǲǵĵ飬ǵְǱģϣܹһЩ
鷢ںܶսţ˶ΪҶСƽΪô̫ĺˡ
кܶȥѵһ٣ʵʵģòĵͲҪġ
ˣȻ֪洫ϢɫȻȻȴŭޱȣѾΪ˴Щ˻ڰ
൱һλɹĻʵۣһ㣬еȻܡ
һʱȥˣңϣһƬǶˣá
Ϣ֪ˣǾĹ£ЩֻǵȻ֪Խң˵Խкô
죬ЩáȻûмڸλ϶Щĸ꣬ձΪʱƣͻ䵭ˡ
ǸһЩֶˡڸϵһ⡣
ˡߺһ
ͻȻ䣬һα񾳸־ͳǰ
Ըα񾳸ֹ˵
һ̫ˣһЩѪȵֶûκγЧģȥС飬ѲλģһáȽˣնɱڲвгֱ߳ˡǳ˵͸¶Ũ
⼸Щ۹ģķңʲô鶼ãɵɱ
αԥһ£¶˼ӣûӦ
ôҵĻ㶼ˣбų⣬Щ˶ҲͰˣԼµ˾ȻҲиΪŭˡ
²ҡα񾳸ָϽ˵Ͻͣ»Ҫϸ˼һ£룬ģնɱµʱң߻۵һ̶Ⱥ󣬿Щ߶ᷴѣʱǾҪΪ¼ҹˡ
侲һ£Ҳ֪ôңɵʵʲôõİ취
ҾնɱһˣЩǻˣáһãԸıЩе롣
ȻӻǱ뽫ǵĿⶼתˣеĿⶼͶ棬ӣ䶯飬ͿԵõˡα񾳸⡣
Щ˻˺ܶ꣬ڹĶжɹģ˰취ܶࡣ


1874 Ľѩľٴ
α񾳸ֵĻĿһĿͶ棿˵ǽעȫϣֻܹսģʽԿ壬ʲô䶯ʱ䣬ǽǩǸЭ˺٣ʱ˵ǻûǸ
ս¹Էһʥ֮еȼˣǰսնɱֶ࣬ԵõĽ죬似ҩҺȵȶԣȻܴ󣬲عŸոջָԴȱ٣غܶ˶ϣõЩα񾳸˵
˼һ󣬵˵ͷȷԣϣܹתһºܶ˵ע¾ͽˡ
ǣα񾳸ֹ˵
ʱ䣬ֱӳ̨Ϣһڮˣڮɱ⣬ڶ죺ʥ֮ϵĸֶȥսԼնɱһ壬Եõʮֵֵ˻ȡҩҺ似ȵȡ
Ϣһȷʵת˺ܶ˵עȻҲ˶Ϣ֮Աǣûš
ȻҲѡţЩ˶ȱٹȵȵˣַ׷ǰȥ壬Ȼʵʱȫı
ڻĺܶ˵ȱٹ似ҩҺģ˺ܶ˶ĿͶһ顣
Ѿרų˺üѲεС飬һĳɢҥԣЩ˶Ҷ޶ĻˣǶᵱնɱ
һ֮ڣľʮ˱նɱڹ컯֮£ȻѲСҲ˱նɱ֮˵֤
һǸ߻ˣСǲɱ˵ģڶ˵Щ֮Դҥԣ붼Ǳá
ǺܶȻϴڶڲԣ̸⡣
ѲСĳЧǷǳԵģЩáԱǰ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ鲢ʮȫʮģѲСǹ̵֣̫ȵȡ
ʱһڣһںһȥĸֹͷƵΪ֤ݣǰ˶һ׶ȣȻù׶ȶһҩҺȵȡ
˶һһϺõĹֹټҲ˶һΪҩҺѾϣһ˸˵Ŀ⡣
ܶ˶֤ܹһҩҺȵȵ鶼ĺһӶˣܶɵɢ޿ʼ壬˵Ŀⶼסˡ
Щӵ֪ʧ磬źö˸кܶ˶ȥ塣
ò˵ֶεȷɹһ˵Ŀ⣬Ȼˣģڶ⣬۵ԽԽˣȻܲǶû˵
һϣеҶС¶һ˿Цݣ׶ȣ˼ֶκӱ
ݡ
һӰԶһ³һҶСǰһӰĽѩһŮп㣬ɫʳ䣬ޱȡ
ѩôˣʲô飿ҶС絭һЦʵóĽѩ£üŵǡ
С磬һܶǱܹȡ似ҩҺ󣬴Ҫȥ塣Ľѩ߹ҶС˵
£ҶСüͷҲǣÿ˶õõĹҲ֮飬˲ŵģʽȱݣʲôõķûУ
綼һģʽֻһЩûף˵Ĺ׶Ҳˡ
ǿԽһһеĹ似м۸⣬ٿ̣չһ˷ʲôõݡ黨֮Ķ̣ҪҲǰ̹Щ֮佻ȫûģʽҲ˵ǹ似ǸҩҺ֮Ķһ׶û֣һԸЩƽʱʶѵ֮һᣬЩǴɡĽѩĿҶС˵
ҶСһû뵽ĽѩȻְܹ취̫ѵˣΪһйڽ׵ͷۣĽѩİ취ǽ⣬˵ɺһͨĻҾǻˡ
ⷽҲ㣬ԺԼŰУøңȫ㸺𡣡ҶС̾һ˵
Ľѩ¶ԺЦݡ
ˣС磬Щ̣ù¥Ҫ˽ҽЩã͸Ľѩ˵
áҶСû˵ʹĴӦˡ
ҶСͬԼĹ룬Ľѩ㿪ʼжĺŮֶƵ⣬һƿҩҺĻ֡Ļ֣ݵĻֵȵȡ
ҶСΪѧԺڵΧһϣרſһƬط󷨵Ĳã޽һϿƣݻ١
ڸ˰˼̡
Ȼһ󷨣ͨĵ졣
һкҶСˣʱ䣬д˺üٲ似󷨵֪ʶȵȡ
ĽѩŮ£Уһڣ¾ȫˣĽѩ֪ͨһ󣬺ܶ˶رЩ츳ˣȴһ԰־ˣ˵һ
ڻִ洢⣬пһ㣬ˢڿ͵ĿȻƼġ


1875 һλ
ò˵ĽѩһٴģҶС罨ѧԺĿΪѡ
ôѡ˲ŵķʽȱݣЩ֮еԴ࣬ΪȻĺܿ죬ΪĿ죬Դֶ࣬ôγһԵѭǾ츳ôõˣ޳ͷ֮գֻУҪЩνŵĽ
ǣĽѩľٴ⣬ǣֻҪڷ¿๦ܹõһС
ÿһ˶ǹƽԴҪʲôҪȥûһ
һڵʱ䣬ĽѩѾźһУ˺üֿĵط
һʽʼʱǰ˼࣬ܶڵƽҲʼ
̶һڵʱ䣬Щ̾˺ֵܶƵĲҩȵȣһЩѧԱЩҩԼƳҩҺȻ̣׬֣ԼƵ׵ȵȡ
伮似󷨵ȵȸָ鼮ĵط涼עҪĻ֣Ȼǽ鼮˭Ǳڲнеݼ£ȥȻҲˡ
Щ涨û˻ʲô
ٴ룬Ľѩ˼˺ܾã˿˵ǼΪƵģ־ٴɵĽЩѧԱʵӵĺܿ죬ңʵսḻһԴҲԽԽࡣ
ֱȫİ취
һϵ飬ҶС綼ŮǸдһЩ󷨵ȵȡ
һĸĸһķһӱûԾ˺ܶ࣬ǰʱһĸоں˺ܶ࣬䣬ЩŮĹ͡
һɢʱҲɢ»󣬺ܶǰնɱǿߣǱ߻ȡ˶˵Ŀⶼסˡ
תۼ䣬ԴΪ󣬱µʱ䣬ļΪƽȣϣ䣬ʧˣһЩĻ
û뵽ӣֻǿϧҶ
ûûƺ
ܶ˶˵Ļһʵģ˵ԼʵܣһǳģҪȻʱͲܽϵ
µʱ䣬ѾϰΪ
Ȼܶ˽壬˶ܹնɱ壬кܶ˷նɱնɱҲ
µʱ䣬ҶСƽٴһս
ܲһڣڸϣŵ֮ɫڲְλı˺ܶ࣬£ķʽһӱƿˡ
ȻⶼΪƿ˸ԭ
˼еģķѾûˣкܶ඼ġһα񾳸վ˸棬ض˵
ʱеڶƻˣȽƻݸˣи׼ƽ˵
ǣα񾳸ֹ˵Ȼ˳ȥ
ź⣬¶һ˿ЦҶС磬ҿλô죬Ӹ߸ߵɽˤ󣬲֪лĸܡ
һΪ׽飬һΪ˱ҶС
һٿ飬ϴΪһǴ͵Ļ飬Уе˶ѾˣͲҶСˡ
Уܶ˶Ŀ񣬷·²ؼӣЩСţֻᷢʲô顣
ǰϣȴ˺ܾãҶС綼ûеüͷοҪԵҶС磬ҶС粻һϷݲȥˡ
ٹСʱʱ䣬ЩĿ˶˫ĿüͷƺЩͷ
ʱʽ᣿һѯʵ
ʱһҶǰϾҲǸĻǿᣬӰ첻áһЦ˵
ߣôļӣô˶ֺǲõ˵
ٹ˰Сʱʱ䣬Ϣӿ漴Ӱ˽ҶСˡ
˶ѾˣҶСûκεıʾԼλϡ
ǰЦɨһˣȻ󻺻˵ôĿΪ̸̸ܲ⣬ҾܲھȫϾ̫ˣûֺʥصĸоõҲʩչˣ뽫ܲǨƵط֪λΣ
Ǩƣ¼ظһ䣬֮ɫȻ˼һ˵ͬǨƣǻĵ˱Ҫ磬ΪʥءΪеľ֮ǨƵĵطҪ
Ҳͬ⣬ֻǨƵĵطеѣһõĵط
ǰҲͬ⡣
ܶ˶׷ͬǨܲһһۣǸһҶСЦѡ
ݰɣݰɣȻݵ˾ʣôұҪúÿҪȻ̫ԲˣҶС
ܹɢҶС磬һǵı֪Ϸǿ϶֪£Ѿˡ


1876 Ը
ղǸʱѾ֪ʲô⣬ǷŭһƽĿķչдһ˿Ϸʣ·ڳЩϷˡ
ܲǶѾͬˣؼҪѰһʵĵص㡣һʥظ˵Ŀ΢΢ɨҶС磬ȻֻһƳöҶС֤ԼĲ²⡣
ҾҶһһѡ񡣡ͻȻ䣬һ˵ʱһʥسڵĸ֡
⻰һ˶ĿͶҶС磬ǵֻһĨ΢΢ĿϧȻҲĿдŷŭ֮ɫ
Ҷһ¼װһԾӣ漴˵һѡһƬط󣬲Ҳ󷨣ǿޱȣһ˼侻ܲǨУȫٺбϡ
ͬ⡣
Ҳͬ⡣
ڣܶ˶ͬ顣
ž
ͻȻ䣬һʥصĸֻȻվݺݵһӣǷŭ֮ɫ̫޳ˣôܹô
ʱﶼȱѪֱԵˣʣ־ˣһЩҲǷŭ֮ɫǸΪһ㣬֪ôȥ֪ôڱԼ˼ʱ򣬱ȫԼ
ע̬ȡʱһα񾳸һϿµӿѹ˹·ҪƬ
ʱһɿµ·۳һǽڣ赲ס˶Էơ
ʲô˼α񾳸ּԼƱ赲ɫѿʵ
ʲô˼񵭵Ŀʵ
㡭α񾳸һ˵˻
ˣҪԺô֣ÿ˶зȨڰ˵ķȨʱ˵
ǣ١α񾳸ֹ˵
һӵĸʵ°ɣʲô飬Ҫƽ͵˵ҪͷƢһΣͳȥɣ
ǡֵͷȻͶмĿ⣬֪֣ڶԷµ£Լˡ
ⲻǽѣҪܲŲƵҶһǻʲôûУĿһɨʵ
ûһȷʵһܺõѡҶҲһͬİɣΪ˸һ㣬ҲӦõġ
Ƕû
ôе㲻ɺʰɣҶסĵطһ£ҪǨƵסĵطʲôĸ롣һʥغڵĸֺƽ˵
ʲôʵģȻ˵ˣǸҪʿãܲǨƵһһĸҵĻҾͬ⡣¼ʥ۷ĸ˵ϴŵ΢ЦɲĿҶСһۡ
ȷܺʣãã򣬾ʥأһֳĸоżʥ۷ĸ˵
ֻи˲ͬ£˷׷׶ͬ£ǾҶС˵һϵĿ顣
һʼҶС綼ûзʲôۣ·һԹһ㣬ۿһС
ʱжֻˣȻװһƽӣĿͶҶС磬֪Ҷʲô
ҶС̧ۿ˵ûʲôһҶеƲסˣҾǲҰǸҵĻǲܾġ
ҶСһ˵˶סˣв鿴ҶСסĵطóһۣһƬطһ󷨡
һ仰ҶСȨҲðգĽȥˣҶС֮ˡ
ѯʹα񾳸ûаսȥУҲûκΰգΪǲ鿴󷨵ļ
Ҷҵ˼뿪ǽ˰ƽһһϣ֪ﻨܴѪǸҲϴЦ˵
޳ܣ̫޳ˣ뷨Ǽ򵥣׼һҵ˶һУһ󷨷һЩҲ
ߣǹҪҹⲻȥһŴ˯ĺúõģ˯м䣬ҾƤºŷƸ꣬ʲôĸܣҶСʵ
ʱ䣬Уžޱȣܶ˶ɴ۾û뵽ҶС羹Ȼ˵ôһ൱ġ
ɫѿޱȣ˫ĿһĨ⣬ô˵ҶǲԸǽܲǨƵһˣ
ⲻϣ㲻ϣֱӾܾȻ÷һж𣿡ҶСӸʣдϷ֮ɫ
ھԸɣҲԸ⡣
ĸ֣ҶСһһֵ˵
֪㲻Ը⣬˶ȻͬģȻǸȴûһ׵ģһѾˣҶС㲻Ҫװˣֳԭΰɣȵ


1877 Ȼܹ뿪
ȣҶС粢ûзŭɫƽĿ˵װʲô˵ɣ׼ˣʲôıơ
ҶС磬ʱ㻹̹ףֲ㲻ǨƵһΪǻĵĶڼ飬һӢۡҶСӴȵ·֮Ǵеˡ
İɣ֪㲻ϵģ˵ˣƻ˽󷨣ǻĳ⣬ûôߵ裬ֻ©վǱ˷ˣΪôܵ˺滳ǰΣħʧǲͺħ֮ʲôЭ顣
⻰һ·ըһը죬ܶжԽܣȻҲʵԡ
ôܣôܣһԩҶи
ߣҪ˲֪ǼĪΪ޷粻ˣЩ϶ʲôһʥ۷ĸһ˵
ͻȻ䣬ҶС糤Цһ˵ҷһǵ͹޳ܣҶСһģû뵽վȻôһñӣղǸ˭˵ĲҪ˲֪ǼĪΪ˭ɵģ˭Ϊҷ˵˵Ļûһ˿٣ҶСˣ𣿡
ҶСվʵ
ߣҴᷢģЩûйϵǼȻ˸㣬ôһɣһɷȻǲӸλҿûвǰ㻹ȱһܰɣ˵
޷ǾҪ뿪Ļֱ˵Ի뿪ģõộĪеأҶСЦһ
£ڿС⵽˱Ӧ
ҶС磬ⲢĪУǸյ鱨жһйᣬûвǰ㻹ھȽϺáҶСĿ˵
ҶСź⣬СΪҪλ뿪ˣڿѾȲˣֱҪȻĥ
Ǻǣ㻹ƾһССĲ²뽫ԶھǸʵ𣿴˳ʼҾһֱΪ˻ף֪նɱ˶壬ǵ赲סħα񾳸֣Ļ𣿿ͱˣ㻹ܳΪƨ
ಡ
ʱα񾳸ֳĸϣʥ۷ĸֶһӣ·ֻҪһ£ǾͻԥĶҲҶС֡
һֵǹƽԭ򣬼Ȼлɣô¾һҪܹΪǸƫ̻ûйɣһʮ˵
Щûбͨˣжһ󱯰Ȼ֪ĪеҶС綨ؼƫƫ˵һԼɵӡ
Щ˶ѾЩˡ
̫޳ˣб£ͽ¡ҶС綢˵ȻͿ뿪λȥȻҶСһȥ
ߵ𣿡
Ļո£ǽЩȫһĪЩ·ҶСܹܵȵ
α񾳸ϵͬʱ˳·ĺһҶСѹ˹
ʥ۷ĸҲͬʱҶС磬һҪֵӡ
һ㵭»ҫֱӽҶСУɫһ·Ͳ¡
ҶСɫ糣Ҳûʲô仯ϢķΧڣоκεѹȻûϢİҲ¶Էơ
һ֮ɫĿˡ
㲻߰ɣҿܹܲ߳
ɫҶСȥȱ˵ǲôʱѾȫܹһˣǾԻᱻץס
ѵǻܹӵˣʵ
ҪӣԻ뿪ġҶСһЦһгöɫԲԲ̺ſֲޱȵ·ըܹ
öɫԲɫһ䣬α񾳸ֶһѿޱȣһ鶼֪ıЩûһš
ɫԲɲͨĶԼȫʮһƽʽѹһֻҪһͷͻᱬը֡
ǽ׼ġһɫѿ˵
Ǿ֪ûаʲôģǿˣҶСϴЦʵ
ˣΪôܹô˵ɡвʣԼֵ̫ǮˣջҶСߵ
ҴûںʲôҶС絭˵һ䣬Ȼ뿪ˡ
뿪У˶һǻҶСЩԲ


1878 
ҶС뿪һЩûб˷׷׽ȥǺ᲻뿪նɱǡ
ӽͿԿѾˣ˾޴ı仯ֱ仯Ӱ쵽ġ
ߵߺֻʣġԼˡǶĬΪ׾ٵҶСû뵽Ȼıʡ
ڸô죿ã¼ʥ۷ĸʵȻĻȻ֪¸δϾǻĹŶˣǴĦ˵˼ǹĶǷ涼Ϊڻѯ
ǺϵȻȥͷ
ô죿ôô죿֪ͨȥ˵ҶСк年ɣ˵Ҳйأ׼ȵʱȴ뿪ˡڿʼҶСѾ˵ĸˣһɷţô˵ɣ¶һĨЦ˵
ӵ˵Ϊǲû˵ҶСһйᣬǻɣڽ飬Ҫ񷢻ˡ
Ļ󣬺ܶһɺ⣬ֱ˵ҶС年ᣬ¼е˶ţôģɵ˵ͻЩ˲ˣɵһ飬»ľͺˡ
û뵽ô죬ҪһӲҪˣȻҲںʲôԩģҪһµġããգҶС˵
Ҳ̫Ҫֵĵطͽҽƽ˵·Ͳڱ˻˵ʲô
ðɣҶСεĵ˵ͷ
صһ񷵻ҶС罫¸֪ŷǧкýսսͽˣȻҲٲӥĲ룬һЩ۸ĶԷϢȵȡ
µҪﻹŷǧͺ
ҶС縺һ˵ȡȻⶼҶСƶϣʵͲö֪ˡ
ҶС뿪ʮӺһըԵŴŻվҳϷ
ӳľһڰͼԺɫΪףɫĴдϡ
棬ӣΧ˰ɫãһǿӾܹ˵
ȻͱйҶСϢ
˸ҶС磬ɺ年ᣬڵУҶС뾩˾飬Ӵ˺ҶС粻˸ڴ£ش˹档
һϢһڻзˣܶ˶£˵Ϣ˰˼ҲΪ
Ϣһ֣̳ýվȵȣȫǸۡ
ģ湻ڵģѡһʶĵǵҶһߣڵֱӽҶ߳ȥˣһñӡ
ģĵˡ
˴ҶҶɴ¯ˡ
޷粻ˣҪȻ黹˵أ
¥µĹȥɣȻҺҶǲˡ
ϵһ浹ҶСģȻһϾôʱľӪҲԼķ˿
ϢûúϾͱ˹ҶС年Ʋۣۼ࣬ƫƫÿһдоݡ
Ȼŷǧ˲ûţҲһдϬԴǷԷ
ִսϣʵҲһš
һҷڣ˾£Ҳûʲôƫƫܴ
Ҫ˵ҶС綨ȻйᣬҪȻʲôֱ˵鲻õ𣿡
ӻһھ;ܶ˶ŭĿӡ
ôˣ˵ˣһ˵
ء
һԼٶȷ˹һӿԴϡ
ģȻҺҶһ𣬽űһ˹׼ѵӡ
кܶǳҶСˣǷ׷׶֣еĵưȫ˹ȥ
顪
һž˵ҶС绵һֻһڵϣһѪ϶ǽӡ촽΢΢ſĴǿҪˡ
٣ٸҺҶ³
鷢ںܶط䣬Ϊ˫ԭֵ֣һξȻϰսһػЩ˳ֲûɴ
طĹԱػԱսȵȣǶǿЦ˶ܹȲˣҪȻԷα񾳸֣ǿ»ֱӳʡ
ΪҶС磬Ȼĸôҡ
ҳһţɫǳÿΪֻҪô˵ôܶ˶²ǲǻҶСйأǷģʵǹǸɵġ
ʵУ˸Ͳȥֻۣ֧ҶСǷԣֵü󣬵Ȼ£ȱЩΨ²ҵˡ


1879 ĵĽ
֪ͨսţֻսȥѹصĵֻҪ˾ˡɫ˵
ǣα񾳸ֹ˵
ĵĻͷ۲ѣ·ûбһ㣬ۻĻ˭֪ôµĺ
ҶСһҪҪȻѡ¶һ˿ɫ֮ɫ
ҶСйᣬҶСֵúܴȥˣȻûƽҵƣиսѹҲһ
һ죬ҶСȻһͻȻоһǿϢһ
һһãã棬ֻһ𷢵ӷĿռһα񾳸֣ʥ۷ĸ֡
ҶСʶǺһʧһ֣֮Щͷ
ҶСʮ׵ĵطͣĴҶС磬һɫűĹâ
ãǽ֣ܹˡ꿴ҶС˵
ҶС磬ʲô飿ҶСɻʵ
ҶСڻĵΪǶĶûһ˱Ĺʹ˽⣬խû֮һЩСƣιҲ˵ˣ϶ǱݺˣΪеֵΪ˻ĸô࣬Ȼ˿ôһñӡֿҶСɫƽ˵
̸ԸֵȷʵǿǣǶʧģűʲôĿģҶСиӵľ
ʲô飬ֱ˵ɣҪĨǡҶСüֱӿʵ
ãҶС磬˿ԸֱˬҺϲҶСô㣬˳ȥ飬ˣҶСǣֻҪǣҪʲôǶǹŮȨֿҶС˵
ǸҴںʲôȨŮУҲУҲã÷һʱ䣬һƽҶС絭Ŀ˵
ѵҶС㲻ٿһ£ֿҶС˵
ˣĺܱǸ
ȻҲͲǿҶСˣҪĻʱӭ̬ȳϿҵ˵˶٣˵⣬벹һ䣬Ȼƽδؾͻƽ˺ܶΡ
ллĻҲһ䣬ǿˡҶСƽ˵
ллĿ佱ܹҶС佱ʵҵңȻҶСͬ⣬Ҿȸˡֺò˵
͡
Ž뿪ҶС˼Ƭ̺»صһ
ȽҪĶ࣬ǸαӣȻЦݶ㣬˭֪᲻תͱһ֣ʲôʲôα
ҶСǷǳ֮ˣȻһĺܲҡϴЦ˵
ҲףҶСѾ·ˣѾƿˣҲģҶСôܶùأһ
Ǻǣ㿴е۾֪ˣοԼԩ˻ôƽˣһᣬһҵᣬ¾ѵʱˣŵĻſˡϴЦ˵
ҲҪӿٶˣ¶֮ɫ
ڽֻҶСһ£ܿϴϣǶԻݶϴϡ
ҶСʵ˿һе뷨ǼᶨˣǸҶС粻年ᡣ
һʱ䣬ϡ׼䣬ҶСǡ
УҲҶС棬Ȼ޷ǾҶСǣ壬ҶСûиɫΨֻĲңǰշǼ٣ûĸҲ档
Ȼİݼһ˿ʵ˵ҶСĶԻݵȵȣЩоˣȻӲǽҶСĶԻ˼ò˵ĵȷʵǲ
ֿʼһֵĽ
ϡ׼ݵʱ˵ŻվϳһϢ
˼ǣҶС年ڵУڵҶСȥܲЭ飬ܵԩȥĻô˻ɳǿȥ롯ʱΪ졣
ǶɵӣȻ롯ֵĺ壬ǾҪֵ˼
Ϣϵ۸ӷˡ
ҶСӦǰȥǣ׵ģͲʲô෴ȥĻŻ⡣
׳հѾˣǾΪ˶ԸҶҶ˾ǣ¾Ҳˡ
ӡ
һĵıƴĵĽ


1880 ֤
ϵȻȱˣѾܹϷϢƶϳһ磬ҶСĻȥ˾ܵ飬ôܻܲ⡣
ȻҲЩäĿĳ˵ĹԣΪҶСӦȥӲܹףϧˣѾǰˡ
ʧȥ˹ҲΪĶڣǳΪĳЩеĹߡ
֮ô뾡ĶԸҶС磬ҶС糹׵Ľٴ˺ͻĵ顣
Ǻ£ֳʲô
ϾҶСڻĵǾ޴ģһģ˶ôҶС磬ҶСļƻͳɿˡ
ȻԭռŴķϣԸҶС磬Ժ˵ҶСų꣬ʱĳźûˡ
ҶС˹ϴϢһЦ·ûһ㣬һǿһǵҶСĽѩǿֻ£ܹľ򵽸Ķ
ܿ죬һʱȥˣһЩûҶСȥˣѵҶ뽫ǼǾϴ˵һ˾Ҳˡ
Ϊ£ֿʼ
ҶС磬Ȼ֪ͻʱϣ˭赲ˣʧĸֽ١
٣һѰ㣬˵Ҫ顣еҶСԺһһĵ
ĺʹɵ棬ʱעĶһʲôҪ棬Ϊ˷֮ͨ䣬صصĿ˺֮ͨ
ãҶС紫һȻʧԭء
һ⣬ããϣһɫµľվһͷ΢΢ƮӢˬһֶصǰԶһʥسڵĸ֡
ҶСͻȻ䣬ʥسڸǰʱҶС¶һ˿΢΢ɻÿζ֪ͨҶСǸˣԷһûֱӽ֣Щ졣
ҶڳˣһҪ㡣ʥڵĸֵ˵·±˭һ㡣
ԺͽСˣѾǸˣ˭ҪңҶС絭һЦ˵Ȼһʣдź֮ɫڲŵ˭ҪԼ
ôжԶĸҶʥظ˵
ȺСϡ
Сľ¥УѾʥصĿߣҶСʶʱʱһɨһɨľ֪ˣ⣬һʥصˣ˲ߣװ۾ֳɹʿĻˡ
Ҷʵ̫ˡһҶС磬ӸϽ˹˵Ǳ鶼Ҫ·Сʲôίܻȥҳߡ
ʲô飬˵ɣ˵ҶСһӣ£ȫ΢΢ĲҶСȻܹóǱŵá
˵ɣʲô飿ҶСѯʵ
ҶҶﰲȫȫ𣿡ӲѯҶСʱ򣬻濴˿·òȫһ㡣
ֻܹ˵ǣˣҪȻİȫһ⡣ҶСЦЦ˵
Ҷ㡣ĿҶС磬Ȼһ˵Ǽ·䷢ϵƵǶƵϾƻ󷨵ˣҿ˺󣬸Ͻ˺󣬱뿪˾ҵ֪չأ˴Ҿ֪һжģǱЩͬ£Ƕˡˡ
ʹҶС粢ûдţĵȴţһҲûнӡ
Ƭ̺Լ˲˵Ǹо˶ˣûһţҺ¡ɱңҾûиҳϣǶҶҲûиվΪҵСųǾҪҶʱ֪ҪҪȻҾ̫Բˣ֪Ϊ˻ģҶһҪұɱǡɱǡ
ҶС羲ţϵıɣѾ֪һ㡣
ȻͲµ£ΪΪϸְλڳôģڿȻǣӦ֤ȥû뵽δֶ֪ƷˣӮǻ³⣬˭Ҳ֪
ӵȶȻӿڴóһ̣ݸҶС硣
Ҷ֤ݣһҪúãǻĲܹСҶС硣
ҶС罫Ȼվ𣬶Ӿһ˵лл㣡㲻Ļ͸ҰɣǱߵطܴ󣬾ԿԱ֤İȫ
лҶӸм˵
ʱҶС罫ĿͶʥصĸ֡
Ҷģһֶ˵ȥġʥظ֣ص˵
ҶСܹܵϣȻ׶Է˵Ļһ㶼١
˵ͷȻ˲ʧһ


1881 󷨺䶯
һľ¥УҶС硢ŷǧһĻۿ
صһҶСֱӽӰŵӥǱߣϾԷҲǿ˲Ųܹ˷ѡ
ź֮󣬱ֱӳľ¥ǸʱŷǧͺϹ飬ҶС㽫̸ŷǧŷǧš
һͼ΢΢һǶȣֻһӰͻȻ˽֮ϣ˫вϻһâܳ˰Сʱʱ䡣
һкǵӰ·ǲʲôһ㣬̧ͷȥûʲôʧˡ
Ϊ̧ͷһ˲䣬˿òҶСʶߵһα񾳸֡
һСʱսǸոսûжãܵɽ嶼ըˡ
û뵽Ҳͨ󷨣ˣ󷨣ƳƳˣɵĶҲܴǰҲףˡҶС΢΢̾һ˵
С磬ȻѾ֤ݣôҪҪͽƵųȥҶС˵
ҾڻʱСѾˮ𣬾ǽƵųȥЩҲΪСٵģΪؼʱ򲥷ųӲܹĺ䶯ŷǧ
ȷţ׼Ը𣿵ȵԸǣǽƵųȥһյܺõЧҶСЦ˵
ǲ˵Ǿˡŷǧü˵
ˣһҽдıκβǡҶСЦ˵
ʱ򣬴СȻ̸£Ʊ֮ǰӺƴˣΪǶǸ档
ѵ˻ĳֶԸҶɣ
϶ģϾǸʲôϴҪɱӺֵĻ¾ûʲôſˡ
̫ͬ
ֻܽôʧĶǻĸ֡
治ףԸʱηηģŤͷԸԼʱȴôġ͡
ϣܶ˶վ̳ԣ䲻ҪҶС磬ҶСԲܺ年ᡣ
ֻԽԽ࣬еԽ󣬶ԸҶСľľԽء
ڷǸʱ򣬾ѾҪԸҶС磬Ȼ֪Ǹ󷨼ޱȣ˳֣Ȼ󷨵ġ
ҹ󣬾֮ϣ̣ǵ㣬һΨҹͼҶСӰһϿգ˫лǧâһɨγ˹񣬶ʱ䣬޾Ǿ֮ϵӴ¡
䡪
һ΢΢һȻתֻһûж
ʱ֮ϣһٶ£Ƕǳ̺ɫ·ããǻԲϵؽ䣬ԶԶȥһƴĹ꣬ЩǻȫӿһУһλõĹâͬʱʥء
ҹһĻʵ̫ˣǻԴ䣬ֱֶΣܶǿ߶һĻˣһǻԱܹʥ۷ĸ顣
һһ̼䣬ٴųԼĹԣҫ
ǡ
һ֮⣬һվеҶСȻܹ֪ܵԼõȫˡ
һ̺ʵ̫ǿˣɢƾͬ󷨶Ѿ֧Ųס
һ򳹵׵ı¶ããʱܶ˶ǴˣһƬʵ̫ƴˣޱȣһ½һ㡣
ǵȻܹóĵɵģ̺սľ
ЩԶԶĽһĻͼȻϴϣܶҶСʵ֧ǣ׷˵һЩϲ֮Ļ
ȻЩҶСˣһüչûġ
û뵽ҶȻó󷨣ֿ󷨾ǵƤӵ¡Сս˵
ǰֶδˣ붼롣ս˵
Σ빥һе㲻ˡ
ǰǧҪǳ־ˡһλսЩĵ˵
仰һܶ˶ĬǼλ飬ǶҶСѵģǹǶֻǲ֡
£һһģʵڲУֻҪӾˣЩսŵˣĸҶսǵһжҶڵģ˵ҶΪʦΪ
ǰǾ˶Ը⣬֣սʣ¼ˣܹӱܾӱܰɣ
ںܶսսµ飬Ҳ֪ҶС翪󷨵飬ϿֺƴĳʱɫѿޱȣȻܹó󷨵ǿ
µʱ󷨹ˣҲˣʱ򣬽˶֮
Ѿ˳ȥֻܹӲͷƤȥˣҪȻžͻɥʧ
ֻϣҶС󷨲Ǻǿ


1882 
һҹȥѾվϹʱˣװ
ϿգվµϯĻ
վǰ棬α񾳸֣Ǹˣ⸽սţ֡
ʱĵȴţȴڵһսŵĵ߾ϵսţҶĻȻ⵽ܶ˵áЩսҲͬ⡣
һӵʱһµϢԶӿǶڵصĸսţѵ˺ܳʱ䣬ɢǿѪƣƬռȫζ
һƱڣ˲ֱӡ
תۼ䣬ͼˡ
һĻܶ˶֪Ҫˣ˼ȻѾộпҪ׵Ľˡ
ҶҪΪȨһƷˡһ˵ܹƵĸָ̾һ˵¶ϧ֮ɫ
治֪Ǵһʲô塣
ǸҲӣԭʱǻİȵģԴֺǻľҲûаȹҪսֱͽ˵˽ж
˵ĺܶԣǻЩ湻ҵģȻԸΪеӡ
˭֪ʲôڰĽס
˶۷׷ס
֮У˶Ѿһ¹âһͨ
һ죬ʱ䣬ܶ˶оѪڣ·ʹ
Ĵ£һ֧ȫʥߵĶ飬ƺƵһķж
˶ܴĺ䶯ܶ˶ĿͶǲϵ̾ϢϾڲìܣһʧ̬󻰣ɺܴʧ
Ȼ²ǻĶڿҲ˺ܶˣڿ鷢ܹûɱڿ
ϣܶ˶ƿڴ˵ȫ֣̫Եģ˾ԲܹΪ
ЩۣѾȻأ·ҪҶСֱӽ
˶˶ԸҶС磬еָоǺǿңǿôֳ󣬺ܶ˷׷׶ܶ˶ʼ
һǰ棬ֻҶС硢ŷǧ˲Ҫôĸ֡
һУܶ˶ҪսҶСܾˣڣֵܹסǵĹ˲Ҫһν
һֻҶС񣬲ŷǧΪ˽֤չǰųֵġ
ˡԶռ䶶·Ťһ㣬ҶС˵
ûйãԶʣһƬƮֲӿ·ѹ
ƬƽƽΧĸſƬʲôһʵǿĸ֡
ٴοʱҶСѾ鿴ǵʵ¶һ˿Ц
˿֧ʱĺøеȻ޴棬֮жʼͦҶС硣
Ϊ׵һ֧µĶ飬Ƭͣ˾ҶСĵط
ô̰ǵԸ壬ûôඥĸְǻĸصܶడһȺˣҶСЦһ˵
仰һУܶ϶˱䣬ⲻ˵ħʱЩûгȫ
ʱ䣬ܶ˶˵ζȣøжȣʱ󽵡
ҶС磬㲻޹ˣ͸ǻᾩܵɣҪȻͱǲͬΪ֮顣ҶСһ·ֱӸҶСһ
ʱлһЩŭ𣬱ΪҶСֺܶԿû뵽ھȻֻˣ¾Ƕ衣
սô죿СԶսУһʵ
ԭز˵ս˵˫Ŀо
ȪΧ֧սţǶǰ·ûпʲôһ㡣
ˣ뻪Ļ˱ɣҪΪԼһ֮˽ô˶ҶСɫ糣˵
ҶС磬ҪŪɷϵǻĵİΣҪǻȥ飬鶼ģҡ
˵ɷɷˣȻˣôҿһζҶСЦһ˵Ȼŷǧʹһɫ
ŷǧ˵ͷͻȻһ·ֵͲһĶⶼһԼзĸ߿ƼƷ
ŷǧһ£ʱ䣬һߴǸֵͲһĶǰαųһͶӰա
޴ޱȣǷԲһǧ˶ܹ
һĸͼ
һʱɫ䣬ûеԸһα񾳸֣бųޱȵĹŷǧ
ߣ֤𣿡һ˵һ·ն˿ռ䣬α񾳸ֹͱΡ
ЩһЩˣΧЩֶһڿ˻𽣷ˣǸǸղųֵα񾳸֡


1883 ;˳
ԼĹ赲α񾳸ɫܲÿȻɫҲѿޱȣƵϣȷĳα񾳸ֵӡ
龹ȻΪһ𾪵˵·ԼĶġ
޷󣬾ȻƸҶһҶҲйᣬʵ̫޳ˣֱ޳ܵ˼㡣ƿڴ
׽ΪĿĲֶΡ
̫ˣҶʵ̫ԩˣΪ̨ôܹˡ
ڲܶ˶飬˵ѾһУרŲɱй׵ˡ
һƵһܶ˶ǿǱӡ
ʵкܶ˶ҶС年ᣬ֤һǸ֧ҶСˣһЩҲ׷֧ҶС硣
Ǻڰײ֣ߵǷǣ˻ɢˡԶһ˵ǳϬ
ȻΧЩ˵С˶Ϊ֮ˣȻ
ʱ򣬲ǸʧЩɫÿɫҲǺޱȣ·⵽һ㣬оûˡ
ҶС磬ֶû뵽㾹Ȼܹ˱ƵϧٵľǼٵģԶ䲻ġʱŲæ˵·ҶС粥ŵƵľαһ㡣
⻰ΧĺܶٴһУ΢еͷԵ˶֪ǿʶˣȻһԲ+Ϊ˵ĺе˵ҶС粥ŵƵȷʵǼٵġ
ߣƵȻ鿴˵㡣ҶСƽ˵Ȼ¶һ˿ĳ֮ɫҶ췢ģҶСˡ
Ƿģѵһ⣬ûİ취˰ɣʮյȻҲ˲ᷢĵģ磬ĵĻڤڤͻӰ쵽ع򣬱ȹ¼һôܵµĳͷ
ģƭȴƭҡһ˵
仰˵ġҶСƽĻػһ䣬ֻΪķ
ɫ΢䣬֪ڿڲϣԼȻҶСĶ֣ϵķ˺ҶС⡣
ɫĶҶСҶС磬һ仰㾿ǻȥܵ鲻
ߡҶС絭˵Ϸ·𻹴Ц⡣
ɫޱȣٴ﷽汻ҶСˣĹǲûи˾սڡСǼʧ֮
ȻϲǶ֣ôֻҪˡ
˸ţʲôֶΣץסҶС磬ΪҪ򣬾ǱˣҲȥǱߵ壬ܣȥ˵źδ棿һ˵
Χܶ˶ҡҡͷĿʧҶСĿȴǼᶨޱȣǶϣҶСʤᱻץߡ
ȻҲϣҶСȥһ˾֤ףͬʱҲΪ˲ʧĵߣǲ֪ǣ¾ǱѾúˣֻҶСȥһȥҲˡ
ϡһ˵ʮ㡣
ʱ䣬־ҶС˳αվĸλϻ񣬷·Ҫؼʱ򣬸ҶСش
Щ˸ոճһξ󣬱ͣĹ죬г̥ոմͻȻһûˡ
Щ˲ǲȥǷǸղŵĶУܶ˶ûж·ǰʲôΣһ㡣
ô£ôˣ
ʲôˣ
ЩȥˣŤͷ۵һɻ֮ɫ
һĻɫѿޱȣղŻֵǸޱȣ·һһ㣬ͳ˧ǧָ֮иǰȥ
ǣû뵽ոճȥĶ龹Ȼܴͣ·ԼܵصĴһ㡣
ô£ǲûҵŤͷЩûжˣ˵⡣
ǸҶΪ˺ܶ๦ͣǵսҶڵģ˵֮н죬̶ܴ϶ΪҶ˲ܹˡҲܹ֡һʥصĸֲ˵
仰˵ǧ뿪飬ȥΧ·ǹ۲ⳡս
ҲܹҶ֡ʱһ˵ͬʱ˺ܶ뿪
һЩѪжѪ˶ȥֻʣ˸ղЩȥˣһЩԥˣˣתۼֻʣࡣ
жҪըˣǴûйʱ򣬻ûеҶСǱ֣߳߾
൱һ˺һ˱ûпʼһУһ˶Ѿ˳ˣսз飬ܶɫÿ
սľս⣬һʢˮһڵս⣬սȫʧôҶСս


1884 1
˭Ҫ뿪ʣʵź⡣
Щ˶ûжû뿪Щ˼ǸˣҲûа취Լǿ߶˽ȥܵĻԺûʲôùӳԣȻղ뿪ҲиˣֻΪԼܹȥûжĶ
һһ뷨ÿ˶ͬһ뷨ͬ
ܺãץסҶС磬ֵˣһһصĽĿһɨ˵¶Ĺâ
ߣַʽȡĽɲҪʱΧһ˵һ·ǹԡ
Ըԡ
˫ȭգϵĴ죬뽫ղųնɱ̫ˣһ֣»˵ķŭĿǰֻܹţղ˵ֵȫȵʱ䣬Ȼֳ֡
֡ٴκȵ
ЩҪԱûж֣˶֣뿴
䡪
һµƱŷƵƬؼ䣬ǵصƣƬռֹ
һϳ˸ָҶС硢ŷǧ˹Ȼǲûȫһ֡
һµĹռ䣬·ҪǺĩ
ҶСһͷһâһʶȫϵϢȫһԵʮֵĿ¡ΰ
ҸڵԸңǺǣ湻ЦġҶСĿһɨһЩ˵
ҶСĻЩһ֮ɫҲִͦҶСֵģҲûа취ǻЩҪԱһǼ壬һҶС磬ѡ˼塣
𡣡ҶС绺һ֣âӿ۳һֻ޴ơ
һֻڸأ·Ƭռ䶼һ䣬һããǳӣΰϢǿޱȡ
ء
һ޹һĳµȫֻǻ۳ɵĴˡ
һĻߵˣۿˣһһʵ̫ˣô˵ĹȻֻּͱҶС绯ˡ
ЩûȫֵԵʣǣҶС粻һ󷨣Ȼôܡ
ʵôҲܹףҶС󷨵󷨵Դھ֮Ϻƺâ޾ƣ֮Կ
кܶҶʶ治ϣܵ˺ҶСĿЩ˵仰ȫģû˿٣֪Լ󷨵Ĵ뿴ЩԼڹսԸ뿴ǰװȥ
ȫЩֵеӣԸҶСӡ
ҶҲΪУкܶ鶼ɼġһʥسڵĸֿɬһЦ˵εı顣
ҲһɬĿҶС磬·ʲôѴһ㡣ҶСܹ֪ǵеΣǶǸҪӵܣСܵĽڼ壬һǼ壬һǴǺս̵ǵҶС硣
Թ岻ȫѡ˼壬ΪıȽ϶࣬οǵ˶ڼҪš
ףСһ㡣ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
һԹ۲սɫѿޱȣޱȣѾ˹棬ҶСѾ˵ĸˣЩȻƺҶСΪ·ǽûеһ¡
ĿͶ˻ĸĸˣǺޱȣղЩУǼˣȻ޹⡣
˻ȥɣ빥͹ˡҶС翴ŷǧ˵
Ů˵ͷŷǧǸƵС
ҶСһһϿɵɫâʱһͨҶСŮ˲Խ˽ȥ
ߣҶСҪ뿪һα񾳸ִһ·Ҫط飬ܶΪһֱ죬·ǿɻһ㡣
һ죬һɵɫ˳ӵĪ֮֮ϵķȫ˹Ҫǹɵɫۺһ
һֻ޴ޱȵ۶ԼٶҶСץȥһγɵĹĻԶƬնѾŤˣ·Ҫһ㡣
ѾܿˣǳˣҶС˵ӰѾʧˡ
䡪
һ¡ֻץǻγɵĹ֮ϣֱӱˣΪ˴ɢؼ䣬ǻγɵĹĻû˿ı仯
һĻ׼һɫ˱䣬ǿ󷨵ǿ


1885 2
ҶС߽һЦ·˵ҪΪһҾûа취
ЩҶСһ𲢼ħսЩһҶСվǸǰǻ治˼֣ҶСǽһǳֵĻĻһЩ
ҶС֮ԽȫΪնɱЩˣĻǾͲܹˡ
󡣡˵һµĹȴ漴α񾳸һ֣ͬʱӳһȭ
Ҫɽӵһȭɫȭͷ·һСɽѹһе
ҲȺ֣âһһһ
ЩµĹâһ󣬾һöʯͶƽĺУֻȦȦûı仯
һĻѿޱȣȻ֪ҶС粼õǿޱȣû뵽ȻǿֵزôǿĹȥȻһ㷴ӦûС
Ҫͣٴûٶ֣˶֡
һǿĹҪĺһ
䡪
һϵǿ󹥻Ħγһ֮Ƭռ䶼ڻζ
һڣҶС硢ŷǧŮվһϿһĻĻеޱȡ
վͿκȴܹ
һâŮսȭͷ·ڵһ󷨱ƣȻһϵŮϵҲ׷׵
һ£ôţǺһʱ䣬ҲܹƳ󷨡ҶС翴ŮЦЦ˵
Źǳ֮ϵǳӦ켣ҲǲǳеĹ켣ĳ˵൱ǳ˼ͶӰ̺ǿǺԺʱΪΪڲ
һֱΪתʱҪһֱΪŨܵ
ҶСĻŮŷ
㹥˰Сʱʱ䣬ȻûʲôЧˣֻȦȦ
û뵽Ҷõôǿ󣬿¾иǰᱻ赲ס
ǰ̫ǿˣҲãʡΪҶġ
ȻҪ棬ϵǰ˼ңھȻ󷨶ƣкϷˡ
ΧЩ۷׷ףһЩ¶ֻ֮ɫ·һϷһ㡣
ԶЩǿ߿һĻɫޱȣǴʱ֪ҶСԶԸǸ󷨾һĿǰʵƿοҶСֲɵӣȻôķ˭֪ǲǻĹܵȵȡ
Ѿ׵ĳɳҪԸһħָ̾һ˵
ֶĬǾҲˣΨѪӰǹһ˿ȣƺڳʲô
ͣ¡
ͻȻ䣬Ƭռһһ˿ŭһģɫʮֵĲÿôʱ䣬ûй󷨣ЩܲˣοԶô˹ۿţһţоԼ˶ˡ
˶ͣĸЩɫҲΪĲÿ˵Ѿһϵˣ󷨣ץסҶС磬Ǿ͵ҶС󣬷񱨸ɣ
ʲô취ܹ󣿡ĿͶα񾳸֡
α񾳸¶֮ɫڽ֮ǰĵ˵Ĵ½طûƲ˵󷨣û뵽һͳ⡣
󷨸ޱȣ֮ӦԣĪ⣬ȫûκͷһα񾳸˵Դҿ·ƺŭ
һ취ûУޱȣǵͳˡ
ܹóʱ鼫ΪĲãϽ˵󷨿ܹڲЩʲôҪ˽ȥ̽һ£󷨵
˿ˣг˻ɣ·α񾳸ֺܲס
а𣿡һ䡣
һ㡣һα񾳸С˵˭ܹ㡣
˫ĿбųĹâɨһۣȻĿͶԶ˵Ķ顣
㣬㣬㡭㣬ʮȽȥܲܽƬڲ˫ĿɨָһЩ֣Щ˶ΪʥءػزȣиҶСһնɱˣûϹսˡ
ѡЩһЩף˫ȶ΢΢Ĳ·Ǻһ㡣
ôǲϿµɱ
ܵǿɱ⣬֪ߵĻȻᱻնɱƴһƴʮ˸ϽӶ߳ȻƬɫâĵȥ


1886 ɵ
ǿɱ£ʮֻܹӲͷƤһȥ
ǸոߵһϿգͻȻ䣬·ʧȥһ׷׵ȥâС
󷨡һα񾳸־һ
ո£һҽ

һҽûӵʱ䣬ûؼʱһƬž˭Ҳûпղŷʲô飬ԤϵǶѾˡ
һĻ쬵ģǴﴩȹһ㣬ոս󷨣תۼ䣬ʮ־ͱնɱˣ£˿»ľɵ
ΧЩ忴һĻĿ΢΢һʹӸղŵǳʮİգҪȻԲ̤󷨡
˿ɿ󷨣Ŀ˵
˵ԴһԲղһ˲䣬Ǹûпʲô·һڵסǵߡ
ߡһжҶС˼֣ղһʧʮ֣Ȼ˶û˵ʲôǣжԼȻҪƿסˣѶȡ
ΧƬתһȦʲôûз֣ɵôһҶС磬ɣȥѵų꣬ǧָ𣿡
ҶС¸ͲںʲôֻҲǧ˵˭ᱻǧָҶСһϴ˳쳹Ƭա
ÿ˶ҶС˵Ļܶ˶ж
ںܶжûкøУ֮ĻȫΪˣи飬ϾѾôʱˣǹ˽Ž˾һͥһ㣬أ˽ȫ˺ܶж˵Ĵ㡣
㡭һ˿ڣøղ˵Ǿ仰֪Լ˵ҶС绹ȥۣⲻ
ҶС磬ѿ֮ǾΪбµĻͺսһΪ˵
ʱѡҶСһսҲûа취еİ취ôǰ׼ҶСᾩǸһӾͽ赲סˣо޴棬ʧʮ֣˺ܴһˣô˵Ļĳ»ᴫģںҶСһսܹȡʤôеһжˡ
Ǿ𣿡ҶС練һ䡣
仰Ѫڲ֪УָҶСԹӡ
ʱֻҶСٴδνıԸûʲô˼ǲһͷΣ
ʲôͷһȻʵ
ˣʹһ䣬ûʸ˴ôҶСʵ
仰ɫòʱӦҲôӦϾôĸֿһӦǾͱʾӡ
ãҴӦ㡣΢΢˼һ˵ΪҶСĶ֣Ϊ񾳸ֵָӵǿĹ似ЩҶСûеġ
أ
ҸȥҶС
ãϣ˵˵ţкѾ⣬һҪúսսĹУܹնɱҶС;նɱһ;УѾܵŨŨв
ԴҶС̬ȣĥΪնɱ
һŮҶСҪһսޱȵĵĿҶС磬ǶҶСʲô¡
ģҲµģʧܵһҶС翴˵һЦ˵ɢŵϢ·ûʲôܹѵһ㡣
õģڣҲûϵвҶСٴ˵Ȼ˵ͷһεĹâ˲ʧ
ҶС˵ӰԭվλãڵĿΪα񾳸֣ǲ¡
ҶСʵѾԽԽ͸ˣʾҶСʵԽԽǿ󣬵ȻΪ˲ҶС类ĳЩƣò֡
ҶСƾ߳һһٹĵطһ޼ʣһٹﷶΧûһˣӲû˴ţҲܹȫһս
ǰһսҶСƵգ·٣һƬ
䡪
һǿ¡·ҪƬռӿתۼƱãһɹԭƽĺϣǧΣη·ҲҶСϵƳ˲¡
ʱһһҶС˹Ҳǿޱȣһ׵ɫ۵һλ湫ӣӿ·վããպһ㡣
ûսϱŷƾ˳ڴڴһսĽ


1887 ǿ
ããգ̤˵źͷȣһȺֽĻһĺоЩżǧʹһ㡣
ȣҶСϵƽȻͬһֳȣͬɽһΡĿɿС
ֽȻͬʣǿޱȵƶǳ

ҶСľʱͻȻһҽǰ̤һµ𵴲ֹ·ҪݻΪ硣
ϣΰθߣλõˮƽҶС߳ϰɡ
ٴǰ߳һһֱӳҶСͷһֻ޴Ľӡٶ£һֻӡȫǿѹռγɵģԶԶȥ·ƬռͻȻݣʱŷҶС硣
ҶСһ⣬û˿ԥ˫ֻ·ǲععӰ£ΧƬռ
ǳǿƵһŸոս٣ʱͱֻҵֽ
һһ١
ʱٶٴһŲ£һ̼䣬αĸߴޱȣ޾пռ䣬ȫߣһˣּ䣬ͿԻƬ½
䡪
һֻ޴ĽӡٶȽٶ¡һֻӡаȸղֻӡеΪǿ󣬸Ϊֲ̺ܹ
һŵĽ٣ҶСоڵɢ·һֻӡ׽ͻʧȥȫһɰͰ͵ͷӡ
ŤתǬ
ҶС˫ֻƬռ·Ѿߵ˹ǹǿҲҶСŷΰ£ת˹ȥòҶСϡ

䣬ͷ·Ĳþߣÿһ仰ж޾İķ䶯
ֱ߳һƬռ䳹׵ıҶСƬռҲ
̫ǿˣ˵ʵѾһʥ۷̫̫ࡣ
ĿǰƺϷ磬Ǵʧ罵ٵĸ֣չֵֹʽǰδ
һսеĿˡ
ΧЩ۾һգգĿ˵սα񾳸֣˫ֱϵɫԵüΪɣ·֪һʤһ㡣
ΧռĻ飬ԲڵĿռȫҶС˫ĿһУƺѾʲô
ն
ҶСһ䣬ԭֳɽһӱһ㳯ڣâ¶
һǿޱȵķâ֮ӿֱӳͷһӱ㱻ˣûʲôܹ赲һʱ䱻Ρ
ʱҶС粢û֣ͣ˫̺ſµķâ·˫ֶΪ
˫ֻӶ䣬·âͬʱиռ䣬ת۱ʮâ֮ų
ʮâ֮ƬռȫһС
ͻأ䣬ϵһӵ˺ܶ࣬·ָ˸ղһʼӡ
ȻȻԶһα񾳸𾪵ĿһĻ˵
Ҫ֪Σһһ֮Ϣ߳ĲԽ࣬ϵƾԽǿ󣬱ĹҲԽǿ·ȫûмޡ
û뵽ҶСл˼£նǼ֮ϢǣһӱƳ
ܺãܺãû뵽㾹ȻܹƳҵĹⰡν䣬ҶС紦ͬһˮƽϣɱ˵
ʹҶСƳĹһ㣬˵ҶСսͬǿһսӼ˼֡
û뵽ĻأѧĹȻǿޱȣǸͲĶ˵Ķ磬ֻʹԼĶܹӳ޴ޱȵҲᱻƳҶСʮƽ˵
ʮơ
ҶСĿһ䣬ϵٴһ䣬·վڲ֮ϵ飬ĮĸһС
ϲ
ҶС³һ֣һĳһεҶС˫ּӿɢⷽС
ŭ
ٴĳһƣһƵһƵȻͬƺЩìܣҲЩ֮ͨ

塣

ʮУÿ˵һ֣ĳһƣÿһ̺ͬҿƺûаЩȫɢ˿ռС
Χȫһ֮ɫоɻ󣬲֪ô£ҶСĹޱȣùһ㡣
¶һ˿أǴ⣬ҶСĵģһٵĹ
ʮȫҶС˫Ŀޱȣһ¶һ˿ص΢Ц
һ·ĳƽ⣬ʱ䣬ƬռһɹӣҶС⣬˶оһ
иɻˣȻо˲ԾǾ˵ﲻԾֻоʲôûио


1888 ű
ʮƬռӣͬʱһĪĹƬռı仯
ƬռеͻȻĪĸоһ䣬ص˴ǰǰǸʱС
ͷʣ׵˽ȥԼºԼıƵС
ʮн֯һ쳾ξͼ˵ʮб˵¹һⲻͬڻþþĻֻҪ־ᶨ߳Һ𣬵ʮн֯ɵ磬Դ˵ģԴУûУ򶼻Ǹ硣
οʮɫһֳĶûֻܹ֣ҪҶСʩչϵʮƣκ˶С
ֹҶСģΣҲ֪ҳΪ˵һš
ʱƬУ¶˵ЦݣЦݺܴȫû
ԶɻĿһĻǲ֪ʲô飬·ҶС˰һ㣬ֹͣ
α񾳸ֲһ˿˿ԾĵطǾﲻԾˣ˵ǿһȻ󰲰ĵȴš
ҶС羲ĵȴӱƵѹȻǿĹĿǰܹ¶һ˿ɱ⣬ҪȻͻ߳
ͻȻ䣬Цʧȡ֮һĨ˱ǿҵķŭ
Ҫ㲻ҪͻȻ۽ǾȻ˾ӨˮϵϢΪĲȶ·Ǳһ㡣
Χ˶ɻĿһĻ֪ʲô顣
ôˣôͻȻѵǷˣ
֪ôˡ
㵱ȻˣܹĻ¶ܹҶԿˡ
ѵĳֻþУֻڻþвŻӡ
α񾳸֣ɫÿǺǣһ֣ǾʹˣοһԻڣԲĿǳ֡
Ƭ̺ɫƺżʹ࣬ڳĳѹ
ҶС磬ջǱնɱˣ㻹Ƕҡٴκһ߿Цţ
Ѿȷˣȷʵǽ˻þҪȻҲ˵ֺһ˵
Ҳ׷׵ͷͬϿȷʵǽ˻þɡ
Ȼ䣬ſЦȻֹ·ǲŻдһ㡣
лָǰһʱ¶һ˿ã˲䣬һ󳱺졣
ۡ
һѪɫòҰޱȡ
ʱѾˣƣġ
ҶС磬ܺãû뵽㾹ȻֶΡ˵۵׻ЩɵҶСֶʤһ׶ûУ·赲ס
ҵֶλأ
ҶСЦһֱӿ츳ߵһƬռȫҶСĿУе
Ѿ˵ͻȻоһ˿ĲԾǰĿռһȭ
䡪
Ƭռ𣬷·һһ㣬ԶҡҶСɫһ֣Ȼָ
һĻɫһ㣬ٱˣʧôͣսȻȻǷܵΧռĲףѾ³ôһ¡
նءں˵ʱ򣬴һƴݺݵǰն˳ȥ
µ·Ƭռ䶼ܹնơ
ҶСƣƬռҵķڣܿ㽫ǹûˡĹΡ
ҡ
ҶСһ֣ڣռ䳹׵Ļÿһռ䶼ƫԭλá
ۡ
ٴһѪ˫һӡǿĹâΪһ⣬һʧҶСڡ
츳ߵڣֱΪԽߣ츳ߵսֵԽǿһʥ۷֣¾һֱӻˡ
û뵽㾹Ȼ츳ߣС㡣˲ߵѪҶС˵
ⲻСңʵСҶС¶һ˿м֮ɫ˵
ȻڼʹˣҶСҲСϾ񾳸ֵָ˭֪ʲôֶûʹ
Ըһܹ˵ֻĿ䣬һ˿ĳ
ű䡣һ˫ǰ󶯣һޱȵӡγɡ
һ䡣
£޾ȫڣϵǿһ
ڶ䡣
䡣
һޱȵӡӱΣιϵϢֲޱȣ·ûܹսʤһ㡣һ̼䣬·ؼľһС
ҶС磬ҿڻôһսҵʵǸղŵٶȡǷ㶼ңɣۿҶС˵дų֮ɫ·ߣҶСϡ


1889 ƽ
ű䣬һ֪һǿĽҶСϣȷʵеƣûĻֽĵˡ
ʩչֽսʮ㣬ѾˣǣԼҪսʤҶСȫû⡣
ղ˵ҶСĻȫΪҶС磬¾ҶСҪ䣬ᶯ֣ҶС籩һ٣նɱҪȻ˾Ͱˡ
ʱűֶֽΣֻܹʹó䣬ʹóűĻһսͲñˣȻӮ
ô£ϵϢôͻȻô£˾
ӦʩչĳǿĽ
ҶΣˡһ˵ǵ˵ҶСģΨҶСʧܡ
Ҳһ˵ҶҲʲô
ʩչǿֶΣܶ˿ʼΪҶС絣ҶСôǿ˹
α񾳸¶һ˿Цһ˿ĵ⣬·Ѿ֪˱Խһ㡣
״̬Ӧó˶೤ʱɣҶС綢ʵ·ܹ㡣
ǳ˳飬ǲܹܳʱ䣬ǶԸѾ㹻ˡ
ܶһȱݵģʱΪĽڶʱڣڵͷţӶþ޴ĹĴ۱һʱ˶ᴦһڣΪֱӽһΣнûȱݾͲö֪ˣ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䣬һģΪǿȾͳܲס
𣿡ҶС¶һ˿ŹֵЦ⣬·Ѿ뵽˶Ըİ취

һ˦ƣҶС˹ĲӬһ㡣
ҶСֱ飬о޲ֱӸ˰ƣΪ˲ҶСʱ䣬Ķ֣ȡڶʱڣҶСƷ
¾ǳˮһ·ҪҶСû
ҶС˫ڻ˷·һ״̬һҶۣǿֲľǿʼƯţ澢
ʱٴκһȭһȭеռ죬һͨᴩ·ȭֱӵҶСǰ
ٶȾȻô죿ҶС΢΢һϽչŶԷĹͬʱܡ
䡪
ҶСΪģԲʮ׵ĿռҡΣ·ҪŤһ㣬ҶСɫһ䣬Ȼ㱻飬£赲һȭȻ˿
ˣȻвٵӿϣ͸壬ֱӴ˵ࡣ
ҶСɫһȻְһ֣εɶ·бһѪû³
ߣҿʲôҶЦһٴҶС繥ҶСûж
ҶСĶһ˿ĲȴҲֲԭ
ӦûʲôʱҵʵͲҵĶ֣
֮ľСһΧʱҶС˫⻮˻ߣʱ䣬ռ΢΢һк£Ƭռȫ֡
Ǳ̶һ㣬һƺһʡ
ӵʱǹһʧˣһͷںīͷȻȫ˳ӢϳһƣϵϢһӵ˺ֻܶ࣬ʥ۷ֵϢ
һʼûзӦ΢΢㶣оԼƺЩԾԼͷ˰ɫʱԼװ

һޱȡ
ҶС磬㡭㾿ʲôʵдһĨ֣̿һĨŭ
ҲûʲôΧʱӿһֶѣűӦҲ䲻ǿ˰ɣҶСϴЦ˵
ղֽ֪ƺҶС׼ʱ֮û뵽ЧȻôãһôࡣ
Χ˿һĻһɴ۾·һ㣬ղ·Ҫһ㣬û뵽תۼ䣬һĹӾȻһͷϢҲ˺ܶ౶
ղŵ׳ʲô飿һɻʵ
֪
ţҶʱһֹĪʱĹ򣿡
ʱĹ̫ˡ
Щ˵ĶԻȻȻα񾳸ֶУɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǶǴʧ罵ٵˣ۽ǷȻ֪ʱǿһӱ֪϶ʧˣѾʱ׼
Ϊʩչű󣬶ԸҶСǴ´࣬ȴû뵽ҶСһӾȻƳˣʵ䵽˵͹ȡ
ʱӿ죿ɫһ䣬͸ˡ
Ȼͷˣǻͦģ뿴ͷҺӡҶСϹҳһ˿ЦݣЦݿУȴǶħ΢Ц


1890 
ҶСӰ˲ʧһӳǰٶȼ죬ͬʱһƾ
ҶСƣԴӦܿ죬ȴǸӦ
ž
һ𣬽ξͷ˳ȥͷɢޱȡ
ǾԶ˵Ҳˣα񾳸ֵɫѿ֮ǵʱ֣һֱǲûжԸİա
ҶС硣ͣǺݶ֮ɫһһֵǿҵĺ⡣
ǲǻͷһ㣿Ҳãҳȫ㡣ҶСȻһЦ
ž
İ
ͷңһ㡣
ž
ٴα˳ȥ͵ϸߣ㶼۾ˣԭӢģʱǸ˹֡
ҶС磬ҾĲ㡣иоޱȡ
·Ҳ̫ˡҶС˵һ䣬һֲõԤС
ͻȻ䣬һֻڷŴ
顪
һֻŲϡ
顪
ҶСӰϵϲ·ȫһƤ
Ƭ̺ҶСͣһŲԶϳ˳ɾ͸Уĵ˵ͷӲ
ֻͷɢңǽӡ͵Ҳǽӡ
Ƥ£ܵ裬Ķˡ
ҶС磬ɱ㡣һѱ˵ǷŭҶС˹
ʶҶСҶС֮ûӮÿζǸ˼Ĵۡ
ΪʧҶСͲԼĶˣû뵽ҶСʵȻǿޱȣʹűҲҶСĶ֡
Ǹ߸ϵĴû뵽ȴҶСݺݵ裬ָоǴõ䵽˵
Ƿ蹷һҶС¶һ˿֮ɫ
ûе嵽ҶСǰҶСǰ߳һһӾסĲӡ
ʱɫǺޱȣǳѪһ㡣
ô仯ԶҵĶ֡ҶС綢˵
Ѿˣɣ
֣¶һĨţܿɫͼᶨҲġû䡣
𣿡ҶСбų⣬ֵµľ˼֡
Ըԡ
Ĳϴ·ҶСҪĲӸšϡ
ҶС磬ˡ
ͻȻ䣬һаһǿҵŭ⣬γһ籩˹·ҪҶС˺ѳƬ
һǱߣα񾳸ֲվһǰһŮӾվԵó
Ǹոû뵽ɲǼĳƣ赲סǵȥ·ҶСˣһα񾳸ֻܹѡ
Ҳô죿𣿡ҶС˹ȥĵط
α񾳸˳ĬУ·˼ţ̧ͷ໥һۣ¶һĨΣһĨŭ
ã䣬Ҽ䡣һα񾳸ֳ˵
Ҳûа취İ취ҶС¶֣˵ֻ֪һϣ˵ֻ
ȻѾˣôҿԷ㣬һҪ˵ĻҶС絭һЦȻһ߷˳ȥ

ҽһһߣα񾳸ַȥҶСһΣһ򸽽ӰߣİΣ



˾һȻϽס
ۡ
һѪղҶСһǻϣ˺صˡ
ʱΧ˶ӣǿҵʱһ⻹ǸղǸĸڵӣ½ڴϣûܹϳ
ҶûʸΪ治֪ѡϵġ
ǺҶǽ
ֻܶۡ
ôһα񾳸ֵĵʵ
ž
شһƣݺݵĳα񾳸һơ
˭ģܹ𣿡¶޵Ŀ⣬ȻղҶСϲķŭһȫйα񾳸ϡ
α񾳸ֵͷһԲһ˳ܵӡ
һĻҶС΢΢һ̾Щα񾳸ԼĽûˣʧѾЩǿϴˣūԡ
һα񾳸綼ŭˡ
ǲǸ˵Ǿ仰ˣʱҶСЦݣ˵
⻰ɫѿҶС˵ҶС磬û棬һ죬Ҫǰ
ߡ˵ʱֻ
ǣα񾳸ֹ˵Ȼ뿪ˣĴˣҶСһۣҲ׷뿪ֻʣЩղ˳Щˡ


1891 
һڵǰҪһץסҶС磬ȴҶСĸͷһ㣬澡ʧ뿪
ȻûһնɱǣҲõĽ֣Ż˴ӽ쿪ʼѾˣ߰ɣħһǵĹâ˵Ȼ뿪ˡ
Ҳ׷ȥѾܹͨƶϳԺĽˡ
ٺ󣬺ɨʱ쳣ĵģһҶС㹻ˣһҶСˣ⻹ǻҺ˵֮ìܣϾһɽݶ
ֱ֪֮Ķܼʱ鿴յĳǶɵһ
µĻǿˣһʮŽ壬ҶС޴ĳ裬ԶˣԻǺһԶ޷⡣
һˣ뿪ָƽ
Ҷģ֧ʱͻȻ⼤
Ҷ֧㡣˺
һ˵ĺˣһ̼䣬ܶ˶ͬʱ
Ҷ
Ҷ
һ쳹Ƭռ䣬쫷һԶϯȥ
ԶѾ뿪˺ܾõһѪǷŭԹޣĸһܵǿҵĴǻǿߵǰԱ֤²һСʱʱ䣬£˾Ͷ֪
˷ĵĺҶСҲһ˿ĸжΪ˺ܶ࣬Щ˲ûǡ
֣һֹͣĶһ˲䣬涼žǶеĵȴҶС署
飬ллλҵΣԱ֤ԲΣ飬ֻһƣ׷ĲЩʵʵڵΪټƽЩЩʵҶС翴˻˵
⣬Ѿ˵ˣԺҾͲҪҶˣСͿˡ
Ȼ˵ˣԶǵҶ˭Ҳ޷档һ꼤˵ҶСĿǳݡ
ǰǰԶǵҶ˺˵ոºܶ˶ǵĻв˿ȫʵġ
ããǽаɣֻһƺѡҶСε˵
ʱ־˶ҶСٽ仰
ҶС罫ĿͶ˸ղŴ뿪Щˣʵʲô㣿
Щ뿪Ķ飬ȻҲزȥˣҲ˵Ƕˡ
ҶֻֻΪ롣һսҶС˵
ҲҶһս˵
ս˸ͷս׷ױʾԸҶС磬ʵӸղЩ˺ѺнЩµĴ㣬Ͼܹܲȫɢ
ҶС翴ĸ֣·˼ţ룬Щȫһ򣬻Ǿͷ棬һ޴⡣
һѾǧڣ󣬾ʮܹɣؼһǼɡȫ⡣
ô˶޳㣬ͽܰɣѾǰˣҲֻʸǡʱͻȻһ
ҶСоһϤȥֻԶһЦĸѾһȥ쳾жȥˣܳʱûмˣû뵽ռˡ
㣿ҶС¶һ˿ϲɫ
ʲôҲǸƽ߶ѡߵҶСǰһЦ˵
Ҳ׼һڷԣ֪
ôأҸ˻أҶСЦЦ
ǵĽһ£ҵռһˣԺϸС˵
ãԺͽϸˡҶСмΪˣôһλּ룬һʵǿˡ
֣ҶС绹ǵһУֵ֪˶ࡣ
ǰɣһɲСԺ󲻹ǶԿ壬
ҶСĬĬ˵ͷɨһˣЩ˶оҶС·Լһۣ̬ܹ˾ԼдڸУûбԡ
Ȼ⣬ѵĻ̫ˣҴӦǣȻҺԴû˵Ķ࣬ǣұ֤ÿ˶ǹƽģֻҪ㸶һõҶС˵
֧֣֧֣𣬷·һ㣬Ƭռ
˵ʵڵģҸղҲܴңһסˣڲ֪ȫһ򣬻ǱԭӣǼѵͬʱػ飬ҾûǺʹҶһ±ȽϺãΪأҶС翴ÿ˵
Ҳ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ҶС罫鶼˵˳˵Ӻ΢΢˵ͷʱ̹һܹ˾塣
ѣһѾдˣͻƲ̫ԶˡϣʱͻʱֵǲҪңԭԺ֪ٺ١


1892 º
Ҷ̫ˣžˡһս˵
ǰսҲ׷׵ͷҶС簲š
˶ĿͶ΢΢˼һ˵ǸѾǩЭ飬֮ĶˣǶػѲĻе˷ˣҾֻɳһЦһһѲһƬ˿ȥ׵ȵΣյĵطж
⣬λҲһĻֶһƶȣ˵ǵõʲôĲҩʲôһ֣Ȼûȡ似ȵȡ
ҶС罫һϵһдµ˵һ£磬Ȼûб˲ͷĺûһ˷ܵĹâһԾԾԵӡ
ԼõĶȡ֣Ȼٻȡ似ȻԸ⣬˵ǹƽЩкܶһֶɢޣûзḻĵ̣ûϺõĹ似ΪĺһЩǻЩΪӵˣõԴҲ٣ҶС˵ԻȡЩȻܸˡ
ǶҶСְżΪ⣬ûһ˷ԣʲô
ҶС簲ǧһѲӣ˶ȥЩɽ֣ЩΣصĵطԼ
ǧˣҶСֳ˺ܶС飬һѵߺϻ֮һѲӡ
Щ鰲󣬶ѾһСʱʱ䣬ΪܹЩ߽һһһĵ죬صشһͨȻʱǸͨ룬ΪЩ˻Ҫǰݿֿܹ֣ҲһЩϢ
飬ҶС罻ŮɣΪҶСԵʣЩսŵ˶ŮҲʮֵĹ
μһˣһӶô֣ȻҪúðһ
飬ҶС粻ô֣ȫĽѩǣȻΪͣǹһЩ˶ѡ
ںһ߿Щ֣һġ
ϸ磬Ҫͻ˰ɣҶС翴˵ϵϢѾԲﵽһֻعȻعƽľ磬ͻƵǰס
˵ͷһʱĥߵǰڱչһʱ䣬ҾͿͻˡ
ϴһĨЦݣǿྡЦݣҲȻӮ廹ǲģعƵ£ܹ˸ߵľ磬عѾƣȻ򵽸ĶͻҲ֮С
ϲ㣬һҪһˡҶСЦЦ
ǶԺˣЭ㽫Щ꣬Ȼٱչأɫƺ̫ϲ顣
ǰһְֵȵȵ飬͸оķҿڡҶС¶һ˿֮ɫȻĿͶĽѩŮ顣
ĺøЦ˵һ䣬Ȼ¶һ˿ɫҲ֪Σ
֪֪ʲôҲһΪ棬ǾȻѾĵİΣˣʧ֮ҶСĻгſɬΡ
ÿһ˶Լѡվǵϣ뷨ȷģϾα񾳸֣һǴʧٵģǿߣѡҲȻģںˣѾˣ˽飬˴Ӵ˷ѣԭģԺôҵģǲٵģߴԨ˵
Ƚ϶࣬ҲıȽͨ͸
һҶСоͨ˲٣·Լǰִ̫ˡ
ʱһ﷢飬Ѿģÿ˶֪﷢顣
Сϣ඼Ƕá˵̫޳ˣԼ𺦻ĵ飬ȻҶСͷϣҽŴ¶λΪ˴
һԤıĶȨ¼
һ˵ÿһ仰򶷣ϴϣȻҲ֧ߣΪ飬֧ܶ߶ı˷򣬱Ϊ֧ҶС磬ʹ
ʲôΪһλʵû뵽˽ôأΪԼܹλȻ˺飬ԸҶ̫ɶˡ
飬˸߲϶֪кܶ˿϶һ𡣡
ᣬӦԾĹġ
һƬá۷·ǺХһϯܶƽ̨
ȻáԶԣ֧ҶС˶ҶС绰һһ
עһӣ˶ĿҲĳѡ


1893 ķӦ1
ɫ٣ǶʱһߣŮŽֵݿԺҪڵĵȵȷ䰲źá
Щ鰲ź֮ЩոռһĸǶжѲӵȥѲӣѵϻսȥѵ˷׷ɢЩȥյضԼЩֱȥ壬ЩɽС
תۼ䣬һˡ
æµ˰ʱ䣬Ůŵ԰ЪҲ뵽һ֪һƶȺ󣬱㽫Լ֪Ĺ似ȫд˳ҶС磬ҶСԶһ
׼ͻˣҪһʱ䣬ҶСһݶϵĵ죬ǸϣǴдľûһˣ徲ܹһʱ䡣
Ҫֱӱչصģһең׼һʱ䣬ͬʱҲΪԼΪܹȵ
һ¥УŮۣҶСȻҲڡ
ǺһѾ׵˺ƤԺǳȥҪעһ㡣ҶС翴Ů˵
ĵľŮİȫȻҲŮһֱһǣ˭֪֮ʲôʱܹңŮҲԸ⵱˿ȸҲŬԼΪΪҶСֵ
Ů˵ͷ
Ȼ֪ľܿ˵
С磬׼ιЩ¼֣˵ǽһ󣿡ĽѩʵǹѧԺЩѧԱЩѧԱΪûߣȻޱȣǸոռЩˣΪҲܶ࣬¹
ҶС˵ֻҪѧԺǱ߸þˣЩˣаţǲǸÿһǧ˰һǿԴѡһˣǸȻЩ˶ҳϡ
Ϊ˲Ӱһ䣬ҶС罫Щ˵ݶȵĵϣͬڶݶȵĵ졣
췢飬ҲʹŻ˴Ӵ˷ѣ˵һǣһˣͻЩĹͬˣӽ쿪ʼǳҪ⣬ҪЩˡ⼫Ϊ͸ŷǧ˵
϶Ҫܵ˾޴裬ȻưոݡҶС˵ͷ˵
ǼһӣһԺһƵȵȣһЩţһϵƣܹΪһĴ½

һ˻ص󣬸ĸ˷׷뿪Ϊˣ裬ûˣ˱չ״̬
Ϊһ飬һɢ޷׷뿪ˣ˴һְ̱״̬ܶಿֶû֡
α񾳸ֲĵˣչƵʱˣǽ˵ĸִңȻ²𣬷Ϊ˺ܶÿڣͬÿڸͬ顣
ȨķֲеڹŴķֲȻЩǺˡ
뾩ԶɽУ֣ңһֺĹУһα񾳸־ڸϣɢһֳھڸλȨ֮ɫЩԥƺʲôһ㡣
Ƭ̺һ΢ĽŲֻһ˽ϴһ˿һ˿ĺ档
Ǳ档߽󣬼Ϊ˵ҶСϤ֣Ǳ
ողǰ֪һǱߵ飬иоޱʹ죬ĺһǸɵ
ֽڷй飬ֻܹѣϾļһֱ֧
Ȼ׼Ϊλ֧֧ҶС磬Ҳûйȥ룬ΪüǼ壬ûбҪȥ֧
֪²ãͽӵ֪֣ͨҵҪ֪ͨһһģǲΪԼü֪ˣҪͷ
ʱ棬мΪ
˵ɣ֣ʥظֺͰ˵һ˿ϡ
֣Ǳ̧ͷ͵͵һ棬ԥһ£ȻȻȻ룬Ϊʲô
˵ҶС֮죿þã֣ʥظֲʳôһ仰
Ǻ졣֣Ǳ˵ͷиɻˣѵΪԼҶС̫ˣ׼ͷ
ˡ
ҶСôʶģ˵˵֣ʥظϴһ˿΢Цһµʵ
ýţģҲôġ
⻰֣ǱģͬʱһȻĽҶС֮ʶľз顣
˵˵ţ͹ܲסԼͣԼԵǼ棬ʲôʲô֮ĴƵ֣ϲм仹һЩ鹹ĳɷ֡
žҶССӣҵĹϵĲˡ˵ţԱߵһˮͿͬʱһ٩٩̸
֣澲ţû˿Ĳͷ
ĸСʱʱ䣬֣Ǳֹͣ˵ʵ˵ģ̫ˣԱߵˮˣֻʣһӹˡ
ʱŷӦ˹ԼԵ֣ҵϴʵǿˣС˵棬ôˡ


1894 ķӦ2
֣ǱСӣ֣ʥظĵ˵ͷ֣һӵҪȻΪҶСԵʣ֪ôһ󱲡
УЩһ˼һǳϻ̳Ͽ֣˵µģǣȴЩ⣬һʼЩ⣬ʱôô׼˵ˮˣȫ˼ģԶΪ
ҲѹҶСϵôãԭҲвƽһ档
ýţҲΪЩġʥظ΢Цƽ˵
֣Ǳ¶֮ɫ֪˵һˮ飬һ˵ллԭ¡
ǱҶСĴ֮ô㲻ù˼ʲôʵʵ˵֣ʵ¶֮ɫ
һӣ֣Ǳ΢΢˼һ£˵˽̫أʺͳģС壬ػ㣬ʵҲǿһֵˡ
֣ǱĻ֣΢΢˵ͷȻ֣Ǳ򻺻˵뿪֣ȥ׷ҶС磬Ը⣿
֣Ǳһȵӿ棬ԥһ£һҧĵɣ
Ը⡣
ܺãôڿʼҲ֣ҵˣѾˣȥ֣濴֣Ǳ˵
桭֣Ǳ˽һɻ󣬲֪ô£ôͻȻ佫֣ҡ
˵ʲôˣʰ뿪ɣ֣˻˵ȻһĿӡ
ӣ֣Ǳ򹧾˵һǡ
뿪ԼСԺȥ
֣ҲүүСǻһỶӭҵġ֣ͨǱСԺ·ϣ֣Ǳѵ˵Ȼô˵ģһ˿˸С
ɩҲǱߣȻи顣֣Ǳһûû˵Ȼ߽ԼСԺ
Ҫ뿪֣ˣȻЩᣬϾСĵط

Ҷңͬһڣһʥ۷վһɽ嶥˷·ɽΪһ壬Ϊһ
ҶѰ·ǵһ㣬վʮԶĵط
û˵ҶѰҲû˵˴˳Ĭš
þãʥ۷˲ſ˵뿪ҶҰɣҶС磬Ӵ˺㲻Ҷҵˡ
ҶѰ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵ǡ
£ת뿪ˣûΪʲôҶҵĴͳɣ

ǧ״֮ɹݣʣʷй˶ɽд羰޿ޣһֻĿȸڻϲ
ɽһ֮أһСռУƲɣϼ棬һɢŸɫâ¥Ưգһ¥һ¥֮ƲΪ׳ۡ
һڣһɫȹŮڴıϣΪŷ˵ӣŮԵӺݻ󣬻һָ߰š
ŰɫɴòһоܹжϳŮɫԲ̫
տУһŮӾվϼװԲɫ˿棬ɢһֹ°֮
Ϊֹʥ۷Ѿһʱˣ˵綼Ӧͻˣڻûͻƣ֪ΪΣŮӻ˵
޶ۣû򵽸ع򡣡΢΢˼˵
ǣԣɽӵУûһܹȵ㣬֮ԲܹͻƣΪ
һ仰Уһ𣬷ŮȻ˵¡
ʦ
ʲôҲ˵ףԣԹ壬֪ɽŶ˵һҿԽ⿪ɸ߷ɡ
ʦӲ롭󾪣ͷŷŮӡ
ڻԼȻɽȴˡŮӳ̾һ˵
ʦӡ
Ůӻ˻֣뿪ɽɣӽ쿪ʼҲɽˣɽȥˡ
ʦΪʲôȻ»Ͼ˼ʮĵط˵Ҫ뿪ôأ
ĬƬ̣Ů˵Ӧ֪ǻд֧ɣȻǵĳɷ֣ҲòѡΪĸǰʧ硣
ʲôһ𾪵Ϣ
֪ʲôʱ򣬷ַŮѾʧˣȻǲ˵ʲôˡ
һ˿뿪
ʱУ֣ǱҶѰҲгɫӵܱ˼壬ǰҶС磬ЩһЭһ㡣
Ƕ뿪ԵЩ׷Ըָ壬ͨ棬Ҳˡ


1895 һط1
ڸһһҶСͲ֪νЩ齻ŮԼ򣬱СͮͮСͮͮĻаģܹɡ
о޷粨󣬼ǳ׵Ļˣܶ¥ˣ·Ҳˣټ˿ڵĴʧʹһʢĳмụ̂ޱȣ·ǵһ⡣
ȪеܹЩϾȪص˴ڣʥصĸ֡
ʱһõĴϣ֣ǱŶȵ֣һڴǰš
ڵûнʱ֣ǱͶ˾˿̶ˣ彵ٺ֣Ǳ㽫ӻ˼壬Ǹʱ򣬶үүѾȥˡ
Ȼ֣Ǳÿ춼һɵӣҪ׷ŮȴûʲôжԶȼãҲһ˵һһģûдӵַıԡ
֣ôὫסȥȿ֣Ǳʵ
֪أڼȻѾ뿪˼壬ͲҪ룬һСǸһҪեһЩö̫ûˡ֣Ǳüûε˵һӡ
֣ǣһ֣Ǳһ˦ǣŶȵ֣һߵĳţճţе㲻ԾϽͣסܹ˵ĸŤͷ˶ȡ
ֻһŴһд˷ŭ
Ǹ󣬿֣ģһӲɿ֣ǱϽЦ˵¶
ԺٸҺߺ˵ͱҡȵһ֣Ǳ
ԲˣԲᡣ֣Ǳһ˵ȻⲢ¶ȣǰ֮ı֡
ͻȻ䣬֣ǱŤͷߵķ򣬶ʱ¶˲˼֮ɫ
һƬõġҡҡ׹¥һ¥¥һɫӰվ뿪ҶҵҶѰ
Ҷľͷô֣ǱʣͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ղŵһĻ㶼ˣҲˣ
¥ϵҶѰ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵ͷһһ¥Ʈ¡
磬̫ˣҵ󳹵׵Ļˡ֣Ǳɥ˵
ÿҶС硢ҶѰǰһӵ󣬷·һĻһ㣬ͲŮǰģǽ󳹵׵ı¶˳
ҶѰ硣ȺòĽ
ҶѰ˵ͷǴкȻĿͶ֣Ǳ¶ɫ·룬֣Ǳƽʱ˵ĺֳȫһ
֣Ǳ۾һתȻһ⣬ߵҶѰǰ첲ҶѰļϣҶľͷ㲻ܹ˵ȥǲܹҶСǸ˵
ΪʲôҶѰɻĿ֣Ǳ
Ϊʲô㲻˵ˡ֣ǱʮƣΪʲô˵˸飬ľͷǲ׵ġ
ŶҶѰֻǺһ䡣
ҶѰӦˣдϲʱʲôһ㣬ȻʵˣôҲˣǼ岻ˣ
ҲҶҵˡҶѰʮƽ˵
ʲôҶҵˣѵһ磬˳
š
˺һˣٺ٣ߣȥɧҶСǸȥǰҪۼˡҶѰҲ˳֣Ǳͬ飬ҲǰοûûεЦ

һ˾Ȫɱȥ
ףǲ𣿻Ǹ񣬻һԶҲڣϹһ֣ҵֽҲڣô£ôȪˣʲôˣòҲϳ˼ɣ
һ˸ոȪУ֣Ǳǰ漸Ӱ𾪵˵
ǰǼӰǶСѩŲѩѩ˪ԶϹӡ
ϹӾϴθҶСǰħ֡
֣ǱĴºţΪеıһѼĽһһ㡣
һҲŤͷȥ֣ǱʱҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ˣҺãּˡ֣ǱԶԶĻ˻֣ȻҶѰǱ˹ȥ
ôҲȪˣǲҲϳˣ֣ǱЦ˵
˶˵ͷ
İɣҸղŲǿЦ֣Ǳһŵʵ
ûпЦü˵
ôأҲãǶаˣ
֣ǱһѯʣǶ֪˱˴˶ǱԼ˳ǸҶС磬Ȼ֪ԭ򣬵ǣǻ
ȪûеȴãǱҶСڵһжȥ֣ǱĻ˵Ҫȥ鷳ҶС磬ǲùҲҶСù˵ЩԺ󻹻ɳһҵȻķʽǰ


1896 һط2
СԶ֣ǱȵһһȥЩӣǶǱ˳ȥǸҶС硣
һЩ˺ҶСϵǾ룬ǲǼĳıȵһӸλ󣬼᲻ȥһЩһ飬ЩҪ˼⡣
ףôҲˣͻȻ䣬֣Ǳ˿ȥֻСԶҲһˣҲһĸ֡
ֵԲգֵӣɽƣ䵱ĸģһһСۼһʲô
Ǽˣ˶һ㶣漴շ˹ȥ
һ˵ĵҲԲǵע⣬һȺ˺ҲһǱ˴ж֪˶ԷΪȻҲǲ²⡣
ԲպУǲѾ˰ɣһ֣Ǳû˿Ƶʵ
ӷȷʵѾ˿ţȻСԲ˫һϣ˵ƽ
˽һǶ֪˴˶һģϳԼ
Եְû뵽Щ˻ܹߵһ𡣡Զ̾һ
ǶѾҪļſˣҲȥݷˡ¶˵һжȥ˶ʱ
һȻ󷨣âһƬطȫ֣ۼ·һƬǿա
磬û뵽ҶСǸСӾȻܹ֪ôǿ󷨣ôֶơǰԶһƬĵ죬֣Ǳ˵
֮ͺǿΪôߣóҲ֡˵˼ȫԼСϣԴһ꣬СһҲûмȻʮֵ
һ˿һƬâĵ죬һĿ⸴ӣƺʲô
һһУҶС˫Ŀ¶һ˿Ȼôȫۼһ𣿡
еСͮͮںĿ
ҶССͮͮСԴʱʧԭأһӳ档
Ŀһɨ˿ÿһˣǶǺԼϤˣʱûм˻ٶЩı䡣
һȺٴۣЩп⼸˺ܶ࣬Ҳѱ˺ܶ࣬ÿ˶˺ܶ࣬ʶѾĥˡ
δˣҶС絭һЦ˵
̫ˣС磬Ѿ˼ɼˡ֣ǱװһʮӣҶС˹
ҶСװŭȻž׼֣߳ǱһšȻ˹ȥ
ôˣ㻹ӡҶСĿһ֣Ǳ
ڲͬңܹ˶꣬Ȼʡ֣Ǳܳƨ˵ͻȻ䣬ɫһĿͶҶС绳СͮͮһԾӣſڣҪ˵Щʲôȴû˵ڡ
Ȼһ󣬲űһ仰ĺӣ
ҶС˵ͷһЦ壬
飨壩Сͮͮ˵һӴһ˿Ŀ֣Ǳһ꣬ܲ׼
֣Ǳϵļ˳飬ӦһȻǲóһöɫͺɫཻСöʮ־£ϻźܶྫͼ
֣Ǳ۵ĽСͮͮϣڵѪˣöɼ˺ܶϣȻĥӲüЩʵǿƵģû뵽ڻûȾҪ͸ˣҪˡ
ͮͮ˵лл塣ҶССͮͮ˵
лл顣Сͮͮ˵ȻתǸСһʮֺӡ
ô᲻ãǺӵ壬ܲó̫ƵĶɣҶСЦеĿ֣Ǳ˵
ȻֵܹƣϺܹ£бֳ֮ĵ̬ǿı
ҶСЦݣ֣Ǳз˺ݣ׼ҲöһȻҶСһõ
˵С磬ٶҲ̫˰ɣżûĺӶôˣߵǵǰ档֣Ǳ̾һ˵
ҶС綼˺ӣɫӣʱ˵ĹϵУǴǳ˾ԽԽԶˡ
֣ǱѾȻܹҲ׷ͳĶǶǻĴľӢӵܣȻźܶĺö
ЩУֻ͸СͮͮĶ͵·ɫϼװһ·޻ë֯ɵģǿܹС
͸СͮͮĶֵƣҶС綼оЩⲻȥͻȻ뵽ΪӸףû͸ʲôĶ
ʵڲУͽС͸ͮͮͺˣҶССע⡣


1897 룬
ллλ͸ͮͮҶСĿһɨ˵
ÿһС˼û뵽㾹ȻߵôԶΪĿˣ׼Ŭ׷㣬ڿԶ׷ˡԶЦ˵Цһ˿ĸп
ҪΥԼıľУûҪȥ׷˵ĽŲҶС翴Զ˵
ҶСһ仰ԶඥȻʣϵʾһӴ䣬·ָֻվǸԶ
֪մһǣҶСĿһɨʵЩɻ
Щ˶ǻĸľӢӵܣһЩȡ
໥һۣ֪ôڣֱ˵Ļ᲻е̫ͻˡ
ԥӣ֣Ǳһһֵ˵һС𣿡
ߵҶС˿ûʲô˼ɵ˵ģС磬Ƕ˼壬ԺˣҲûʲǫ̂ˣ죬֪Բ
ҶСһȻĿͶˣƺЩŵʵǶ˸Ե
š˶˵ͷ
ǵӣҶС֪±˱ΪۣΪʱûмģǴǵļʲôҪҪ˵û뵽Ȼ
ҶС˼У鵱ȻܹһӾʹӦϾڼҴҵҪǺܶණЩ˵ĿģǼ彫ȥǲǲȨ֮ƣõһ󷨵ȵȡ
С磬ôҲô裬ǶͶˣ죬ܲ᲻ӦɣҶС˼֣Ǳһܲͷ˵
ʱһԵĶĽһߣɲ֣ǱôһĻûУҲܹһЩҶСĹǡ
ʲôôң֣Ǳе㲻ĿŶȡ
ݺݵĵһ֣Ǳ򣬶˵˼仰֣Ǳ΢΢һ㶣ȻǳƵ˵Ȼôӡ
С磬㲻ö룬ȻѾ˳ȥôѾ֣ҵˣ飬ȻҪ㣬ô򵥵飬Ҫôӡ֣Ǳزס£ʲô˵ʲô
ȼĶţû뵽֣Ǳֱ˵˳
֣ǱĻҶСЦЦҲ˽֣Ǳ֪ʲô˵ʲôǿʵҺǼľףô
ҵȻǻˣ˭ǽ˳ȥȻҶ֣ҵˣΪλҪǿǡ֣Ǳ붼û˵
˶һ㶣ǶûԺ뵽֣ǱȻشô죬ô
սأҶСʵ
⵹Ǹ⣬ȻҲ֣ҵˣǺôҲǺѪԵϵĵǸʱһ˳֣ٺ١֣ǱթЦһ
˶ĿͶ֣Ǳƺ֣Ǳ˵Ĳԡ
ôˣǶѾǸˣͲҪΪǿУﻹţǾͻȥɣܼ򵥵飬ûҪίԼ֣Ǳ˵
Ȼ֣Ǳһֱڿ죬вزס飬ǲɷϣ˵Ļе
ҶС翴һۣ˵ղ֣Ǳ˵ĵȷܶԣȻҲ֪Ϊλᱻ𣬵һ˵һ䣬ﻹǾûбҪңҺ綼ͻģһҪܹܣǾܽܣҲǿȡ
ҶСĻ˶˼š
ѾҶҵˡҶѰƽ˵Ѿ¶Լ̬ȡ
һֱˣȻҶС磬ôͲΪ忼ǡ
ҵĽմȾż֮˵ѪҺһ㡣ѩ˵ʹŲѩ˼
ǵĿͷЩ˷׷ױʾԼ̬ȣǶԭҶС磬ҶСĦʱǵĶҶС磬˲Ա˶⣬飬Ƕ
ãȻǶһôȸ˵֮˳ңǱң˭ܵصĳͷ˳üҶС翴˵
Ƕû뿪վû˵ͱʾǶԸ뿪
ȻˣôһӭλһԺǾһˡˣҶСЦЦ˵
˷˶Ǹˣ¼ĶУżѩŲѩżԶϹϹӣҵĺѩ˪ҶҶѰ֣֣Ǳɽɽƣ䵱ģԲʦֵˡ
Ȼʵһ㣬ǹǧǱȻâɣҫ½


1898 1
Сһ˶ǻĸľӢӵܣ˵ʵߣﲻʲôæǣеƣǾᣬӷǷʱ䣬ȵǳɳǲС
ȻѾȷĴӦҶС粻ǱļϵˣôҶСҲͷǼһЩЩԵףڣһһжӲƿء
ҶС罫һ˴һ໥һһʱգǰݿȫŵĵ졣
֣Ǳ׼һߣҶС뿪ˣһҶС˽˵طҲļңȻϸһЩҲŦȻ˳ס֣Ǳϵá
Ȼ֣Ǳ򣬲ƶȵ⣬ֻԴ֣ǱҪĻ˿϶ˡ
Щ鰲ź֮󣬶ȥĽѩˣǱǺܺõѣȥԼöСˣȥˡ
˶ʱһϣĿǰҶС绹ûҪȥʲôȷţԼڵϴģԼģȥͬʱҲܻƶȡ
֣ǱϴСʱܳȥˣһˣһ˵ĽҶС粢ֹͨĺϸ
תۼ䣬ʱ䣬ҶСöһȥ̵ѧԺЩѧԱһѧԱܶ࣬ǵ˲ࡣ
һʼЩѧԱǶǰӷЩˣЩһʱ䣬ĥѵȻУǶϵͳԵĴ֪ʶȴȱһӵֲЩȱ
½½˼һҶСϸѹأȻǼ롣
ܹ˵ȻܹԳǲ̽ӡ
ܲһڣһͷҰɫͷɫһϡ
ΪҶСʩչʱ֮ԭһľյľĵϢͷѾָ˻ҰɫӢϣҲѾһѾ߳ɡ
Ϊʧ˺ܶҩҺҪָٶһµʱ䡣
ʱһӰͻȻǰߵα񾳸֡
ʲô£ܱ˵ҶСһٺǰװǰ棬ޱȣһһ㡣
ѪӰиҪα񾳸ޱȹ˵
⼸˵ô·ûԷ˵ѪӰٵһ㣬ѯ⡣
ܲãɢУܶ뿪ˣкܶĿ˲ţҴӻĸ֣ȶס˾档
ĺܺãĸû뿪ɣѯʵ
һˣһ˶ڸԵܲӵ֣ǶԼ뿪ģЩûйϵα񾳸С˵ܹоܲȶΨŭԼ֡
ߣ뱻ɨĻȻұҡ⼸һô
α񾳸΢΢ԥһ£Ǿʵʵ˵⼸ܶ˶һ򣬻кüսţ⣬Ǳߣкüսŷ׷׶ǲǵ
ء
һ£εķһӳ˷ĩ֪һϵе鶼ΪԼһǳġ
ʤˣ¶֪жЦ
ɶһ죬һǺڡź˵
ʱҶСǺ޵ҧгݣ޲ýҶС⽴񵥵Ǹ󷨾ûа취Ĺοּĸ֡
ʵǻƵģԹŶǳܿܣʵΪֻҪӵǿޱȵʵû˸ҲӣȻҶС粼õǿ󣬵ǾͲԶһֱһ򲻳ֻҪܹӮһôе谭⡣α񾳸˵
Ĭϸ˼һ£Ҳ
ãʵѪӰʲô
˵ҪҪ̸пǹڶԸҶС飬˵ѪӰȽģҶСˣǺҶС֮ǿҵĳޣȻҲԭ򣬲һҶС֣Ϳǳķŭα񾳸ֹ˵
ߣȥҪʲô⣬Ȼȥ
ܲһڣһѪӰ־ϣվ֣ǻѪУͿò
˷·һ㣬ʵ֮䣬ŵѪӰϢ纣һ֪α񾳸֣ʥ۷ĸ֡


1899 2
УѪӰ⣬ûĸ֡
ϣͬǺ𣿡һʥ۷ѪӰʵ
һģҶСҲ֮ǣǶйͬĵˣһͬġѪӰα񾳸˵
Ͼ࣬ǺѵͲĳ𣿡
಻٣ҶСĺ⣬壬ǺȾο֮Ҳǰ֪֪α񾳸Ҳǳصġα񾳸˵͸¶һ˿Ľթ
˵ܹǼսõģӿڲʵŵȵЭ˺һǽ֮ա˵ţѪӰα񾳸ֽĿͶֱʥظ֡
㰲ŵǸ˿ɿ𣿡
ǳɿѪӰǶΪѾˣû뵽Ȼ
ãϣܹǼ£ĻǾͿԿһϷˡѪӰα񾳸˵˷ܵĹâ·ҪȲĹۿһϷ
Ƿ·𶼲ʲôһ㣬Ȼͬʱֹͣ˵ĵȴš
Ƭ̺һα񾳸˽
Ƴһˣߵʵʲô飿
Ŵ桢оһȻѪӰα񾳸Ƚ佱һ
仰ɫЩ̫ÿΪ䵭˵ʲô˵ɣûʱĥĥ䡣
ǰַеĻĻŭţ˲ѣǣԴһҶСĸͷһ˵棬͸оǸڳ
ѪӰα񾳸Щ⣬ôҲһλѪӰ֣ǴҲǺƽƽǾȻ˵ʱ̸еҲ÷ʱЦһȻ˿
ģͬԸҶС硣
˵ѪӰα񾳸ֹͣȴӻ
ҶС֣˫ĿбųŨŨĺ⣬һָƽĿ⻯ΪɨѪӰ֡
ô
Ϊ¹ϵѪӰܣֻдԸǺǲܹ˵ѪӰα񾳸ֵ˵
û˵ϸ˼¡
֪ѪӰҪ϶Ҫ𺦻ĵ棬ӹɵģ˵ͬһӣǣҶСѾ޵˼㣬ζȥҶС磬Ǹ󷨾Ǵ⣬οڣûκεĻᡣ
ѪӰȻҺôӦаճȥҶСˣ뵽һʵаճȥҶС磬ûУ
ȻǸգҪȻҲûʸѰǱϾѪӰˣһЩ鲻̫ð죬ȽϺáѪӰα񾳸˵
ãҴӦǺûǸյĻɱҲɺɫ˵˫Ŀбų⡣
ĺˣȻаյġ
ڿ˵˵ǵļƻ˰ɣ
֪ҶСѾʶ˺ܾˣûзһ㣿ѪӰα񾳸ֻ˵
ȱ㣿üͷͻȻ䣬ʲôһߣѿڶŮˡ
ǵԼɳĽѩûгɹ˾ˣԺҶСȱ㡣
뵽вɵóһ˿⣬Լעһ㣬Ѿͬˡ
Ůˣǿ취ץסŮˣȻвһ־ܵġѪӰα񾳸˫ĿѪɫĹâ˵
⻰һʵа취ܹץסŮˣ
ȻУΪһǵˣݲֻͣҪܹץסһᣬȻܹŮץס
ʲôһȻʲôˣѾû뵽ѪӰ徹ȻиֶǱһʵ̫˼ˡ
ͻȻ䣬뵽һ⣬һôܣܹѪӰ尲ŵ֣ôأǷҲѪӰˡ
Ҫ룬߾ûѪӰ̽ӣһˣҲһżȻĻᣬҪȻǵҲһ򡣡·֪˼ѪӰα񾳸ֵһЦ˵
ɣɫ̫ÿ˵Ů˳ȥȻиֱǿץסɣ
ʲôѵģʵڲҿԳ֣ץסҿԽ㣬ôԸǾͲˣⲢûץסǲ٣ǲһ֪٣ôûʲô⡣αѪӰ˵һŵӡ
ش


1900 
ȻѪӰѾһӣôѾܹǵĲҶСߵŮ˴ط˱ǿҲ赲סѪӰֵĹ
ȻЭα񾳸ֲֳ֣ǣѪӰα񾳸ֲȥնɱˣǽѣһЭ©
ҶСŮıץҪʲôӦĻͻὫҶСƿ
뵽һڴӦãҴӦ㣬ûһļƻ
ҪҵᣬߵŮ˲һֱһ򣬾ǵͳϢһʱ䣬߾߳һ򣬲ǲܹȷ٣ҪĵȥȴԵĹġѪӰα񾳸ֺƽ˵
ãϣǾ졣ѪӰα񾳸˵
һֻҪϢһἰʱ֪ͨǣҪȻ֪ѪӰ֪鷳ѪӰα񾳸Ц˵
ϣˡŹâ֪ʲô

ѪӰһ뿪ڸϣϸ˼£ȻҲףѪӰԸҶС硣
ԼǡñѪӰסˣҶСĺѾ˼㣬޲ҪҶСѪӰһ㡣
þðɣֻҪܹҶСնɱˣôľͶҵģʱҲ٣֮ɫ
һĿͶ治Զα񾳸֣ʵѪӰǵļƻʲô
ȷʵץסҶСҪǻҪһǺǺûаģǱҪʱ߾衣α񾳸˵
˵ͷѾƻˣʱһЩԷѪӰЩʲôɶĿġ
ı죬仰˵ò޵ΪҶС̫

УѪӰһ˾վǲûлѪӰ壬һֻʹڻġ
ϣץסҶСŮˣȻǲ൱ڽҶС罻ôĻֻĸͳһһѪӰʥصĸѯʵ
ҵȻ鷢ӲʱǿʩչֶΡѪӰα񾳸ѪɫյĹâ
˶ĿͶα񾳸֣Ҵһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ǻףŮӾô
һѪӰʥظ۾һѿڶ
ǶȻһսʱԱ߹ۿˡα񾳸Цݣͷ·ļƻҪɹһ㡣
һʥ۷üͷ˵ʵһǱߣҶСпܹܾˣҶСսĻ»·磬ϾԷα񾳸֡
Ѿ˴ˡѪӰα񾳸˵ȻͻȻһֻ
˼漴ǸղڴУ̸һ󣬱ֹͣ
ʥ۷һ𾪵ӣк⣬ЦЦ˵ò˵ܴȻܹ¼ĶҶСĴ·Ļǽλȫͳȥ»ĵǿҷʱ򣬶ȻĸǸʱ򣬾ѪӰȫʱˡ
˵ţα񾳸ŵӣһĨݡ
һʥ۷һɺ⣬Ǹо̫ˡ
֪ͨȥйעǱߵ顣
ǣϡʥ۷ֹ˵
ʱҶСȻ֪־ѪӰҪԼ
ĿǰиֲϵļһŮĹأҿ˶һˣΪǽ̵һЩѧԱʹĽѩܹһЩ
һʵҪãܹ˼
ֶ˵ԵʣĽѩ˱ЩĸȥѰЩرǿˣЩرĵĻĽѩǾͻЩ˹һҲΪ˷ֵظ
ֵһǣ˷棬кܶ˲Ŷ˽ЩУһҶСˡ
ڵʱҶСʵҾȳŮӣżߵĲܣѧоһȱⷽ˲š
ӵһʱ䣬彵ٺˣУͻףҩҺշ棬׼
֪Ϊˣһ뿪ˣͶһ
ǵĴڣһ򽫻ָգյҩҺȻĶ


1901 ͻ
һеһж淢չȵȶ󣬱ٷչĽ׶Σò˶೤ʱ䣬ֺܶʥ֡
ȪУȻ޷粨Ȼܷǳ粨УûлٻٽЩһͻᱻնɱΪԭ򣬲ʹȪбԭ
һĽֵϣͯͺʫһߵһţԶиֱимʹ߱֡
ŮİȫҶС缫Ϊӵģǳŵʱ򣬱Ȼиڰи档
ʫĲ׼С˵𣿡ͯźʫʵ
ˡʫҡҡͷСĹؼʱ̣ܱţʱСһϲ
ʫϹҸͿ֣һ΢΢Сϸü䵭İѾʧˡ
㰡̫ںˣʵʱҲҪɷɡͯЦ˵
㣬ǼӤοǽȥɣʫŲԶװ޵ĺλõӤװƷ˵
ߣҿרģȥòҪٳˣҪ
šʫ˵ͷһžĹʡ
Զֿ߽ĸӤƷ꣬Źâ
ϸĶţҪһȥǱˡһΪʥصĸֶոͻƵʥĸִ
ôûʲôɣոͻƵʥĸЩĴ
ģʲôģǲõһЩõĹˣʱȻͻŵĸͲ˲ΪʥصĸһոͻƵʥĸִ
ţס
ˡʥؾĸ˵һ뿪ˡ
ոͻʥĸлЩľ侲ϸĶǼĸӤƷꡣ
ûжúͯͺʫ˳Ǽǰȥ
Լʮӵʱ䣬ŮٴνһĸӤƷꡣ
мŮʥһظֶڵλõ˵ˡ
˵仰һȻ뿪ˣܼ򵥣ⱨŮ١
һʼʱͲôΪΪѧԺѧԱӦҶС磬Ǳ޴ջ
λС㣬ҪЩʲô
ͯͺʫ˸ո߽ǼĸӤƷ㣬һĸĵԱӭʵ
㿴һ¡ͯ˵
ԱΪĵĽЩ
̸е֪ʫΪʫƼЩķװ
һ峤ΪʵģͨԺãӤҲһıãɫҲȽ嵭һôһŮԱѡһɵиװ˵
ʫЩԥȷʵϲ嵭ɫϲľ·ˡ
԰ɣȷʵͦÿġǿȷʵͺʫܴ䣬ͯ
ðɣʫ˵ͷ
뵽ߵ¼䡣Աʫһ¼С
ߺܶ࣬Ϊ˱֤˿͵˽̵ܶ¼䡢ȵط̻˸鿴󷨡
ԶмŮʥظֶ촦˵һ䣬Ȼ˶װһ±Ůӡ
ͻȻ䣬ûκףͯ߳һŮӣŮɫ£ûκα顣
ͯһ㶣Ȼʵģôˣ
ʮʹߣŮʶ
ղҲ¼е˵һ䣬ȻǸ¼䣬һ죬ľʵŰһ͸һˣȴǿҵĲݳ
ɫһ䣬ȥѰҡ
еĿռ΢΢ָЩǰбŮʹߡ
ģʫʱͯҲˡ
ʧˣ˴Ӵ󷨴ˣǸ¼в˴󷨡˵ȻĿͶŮԱ
ĵĿ⣬ŮԱ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ǡ
΢ϴ˳
áɫһ䣬ͯתۼʧ
䡪
˸ոʧŮԱը˿ǿ˳ĸӤƷֱӻ
ԶĺͯӰ¶˳˵ɫѿޱȡ
ģϽȥѰʫͯ˵
ʱҶСӰͻȻ֣ɻĿ˵ʲôˣ
С磬ȥѰʫʫˡͯҵ˵
ʲôҶС󾪣û˵չΧڣûкʫӰɫѿзŭޱȡ
ôһ£ҶС罫ĿͶͯʵ
ͯղŷ飬ȫ˵һ顣
ңҴʫҲᷢ顣ͯޱ
ⲻ飬ȻȥɣѰʫҶС˵Ȼʹһɫͯȥ


1902 ڼ
ںʫʧ¼ͯмΪʫҲʧ١
ͯɫҶС˫סգǿһЦºûйϵȻȥɣ
ͯ˵ͷ֪ʱҶСһܷٸҶС鷳
ſͯҶСһǸѾ̳Ͽգ˫Ŀһץǵķһӱץһ
ղźʫʧٵǸ¼¶˳ϸ¼ذȻԷ˴󷨣ôкۼЩУҳһЩʲôûз֡
ʱӰͻأ֣Ҳ֪˷ش顣
ٵҿһҶС˵ȻӰʧ
ҶСһȻ󻺻³ǿԼ侲ȥǵķ⣬ʱȷʵˣҪ֪ʫһŮˣͬʱҲ۰һʫʧˣвżǼٵġ

ٴһ£ȻԷƽʫߣôԶȻΪûжԸʱ򣬶ԷԺʫ֡
ʫܹԷߣ˵ԷʫָƣôʫЩ˾ˣڼ˵֮УҶС΢ָһЩ侲ϵ
ͨ󣬶ԷȻʫ˺ԶĵطҪҵΪѣֻһٵİ취ǾԼķʽҳڼ顣
ǰΣΪָԭûһˣڼѾ¶һЩţȥ顣
ΧҲܹЩʹǰȥ鿴Ѿ㹻ˣȥڲ鿴á
ҶСһһͨӵſڣкüš
١ҶС磬Щ˹Ľһ
һ½ȥˣЩոսһ˳⡣ҶС翴һŵԵ˵˵
רиˢĶ˭ҪˢԼݿЩϢ˵ϡ
һӵʱ䣬Ѿˡ
٣ȥʮˣʮǸĸһȥģǶĸİΣڵǰĸֹ˵
ʱձ
סĸЩû˻ҶСѯʵ
ûУһûл
ҶСֱӽĻ˹ĿһɨסЩ˵òϢȻסʮ˵ӡ
ɨԲǧķΧҰУ鿴Щˡ
Ȼ䣬ҶСƱһգתۼ䣬ʮ֣һҲĳǰ
Щ¶һ˿ãǿҶСʱϽĽ١
Բ𣬷٣ûбĸЩ˸֣Ρ
ҶС粻ΪĿɨЩˣ鿴
٣ͷǰɣûпסĸĸߵġ˵һʥصĸ֡
ҶСĿһӴϣʵ˭˵˱ˣ
Ϊ鿴Ҫһû뵽Ȼֱӱ¶˳ʫߵֻЩʹߣ֪ͯ˸Ͳ֪ȴһʣһ˵⡣
ҡҡʥصĸ¶֮ɫ
ˡ
һӹ˵ϣҶޱȽ˵٣ⲻҵ飬ǺƸôġ٣
ҶСһ˵һ죬ʥظһԶɵǰ
ҶСץֵͷǹϣȡŶԷļ䣬һʱ䣬ջơ
׼ð洦ҶСָ˵
ǣ١ֹ˵һȻʥصĸִһ򣬶ԷΪѾҶСղŷסˣѾһͨˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСЦһʱ򣬾Ȼܣô㡣
ϣһε˳ǰĿռֱӳһͨ
һӰץ˳
ء
Ӱһӵ䵽˵ϣǾţһ˿ĸӣһö˷ܡ
ӰΧܶ˶¶˲֮ɫǶɻĿҶС磬֪ô¡
ںʫʧٵ飬Щ˻֪
ΪҪңҶСƽĿųºʵ
ºһ·ˣĹ֤ȷ䣬ҲУгһĨʹ
ǵõ꣬õöص壬һ֪ʱĹڵ˳ºƣʹǸʱʶ˳ºơ
ϸ㣬Ҳ˺ܶˣԴºѾˣû뵽ºƾȻᱳô벻ס
ûб㡣ºһЦ˵


1903 Ե
ûб㣿
仰ΧЩһ˶üͷûʲô˼
ҶС΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˹˫ĿбųΪϬĿ⣬·Ҫºƿ͸
Ǹ͸ģҪȻѾˡºϴһ˿Цݡ
ºϵЦݣҶСȻƽʵʫ
ңҲʱȻ˺ϵѵͲ֪˭𣿡ºƿҶСʵĿûаĹ֮ɫһƽȵĿ⿴ҶС硣
ûеҶСش˵ǺǣʵƳµʱѾ֪ˣȴû뵽ô졣
Ȼ˲һѾкöˣò˵Ҽٶˣ۴ˣҲûл˵Ϊ⣬ܹ֮Ϊѣϧº΢΢һ̾
ʱֳʣ˵ȫͬǰĳºƣƺܳȣһʵһ㡣
ºƣѱâ¶ȫˡ
ӦѪӰ˰ɣҶС翴ųºƵ˵
ǺǣǱ³ˣҾѪӰˣܹ³ºʲôʱѾԭˣҿԸһЩ顣ºơҶС˵
֪ܹȡ˵ļ䣬ҵԺѾ˽ֹֻҪ΢һͻըһ㣬أը
һ䡣
ʵ綼ˣֻûʲô֤ݣοǴһʼ͸ҵģȻƽʱҲֵĺܹɢƭ˵ģһΪǾԼʵǿˣԲŻֲһе˼Ҳû⣬ΪֻҪΪԶԶ㣬Ͳᱳңû뵽ǣ㾹ȻһˣΪ̫ŵԵʰɣ
ʱұһΣѾЩԾȻ飬Щ˶ҵˣʵǲ뻳ǣȴòɡ
֮нѯʹǶǽѰϢģֻǵһˣҲŻɵ㣬ȻţڣòˣǺǡҶСԳһЦ
ûв´ĻӦʱռ˳ºƵ塣ҶС綢šºơ˵
ȻҶС磬Ϊ˵ãҴޱȡºơЦһ˵
ȷʵʱ˳ºƣռ壬ǺΪһ壬ռλ
˵ҲһηǳḶ́ǰһѪӰ֣һսв㱻նɱһĿռ䣬ǸռʲôûУûб߽硢ûʲôĿܶޣڣºƺһֻսʱһּΪҵĿռ֣֮ȻҴĸռ˳ҹڣ϶ΪһҲû뵽ԼȻַʽ
ֲҿ㲢ǱѪӰռӣԭˡҶС˵ͷ˵
ѪӰռ壬ôϾͻɢһֱŰѪȵϢ
ԷǺͳºƵΪһ壬ͿҲҶС绳ɳºƣȴûֲ鿴ԭ
ٺ٣꣬ˣҲˣֻϧܹ۷һˣ֪㽫˶ߵԶҵĸоºơҶС˵
ɣҶСƽ˵
ºơĿͶԶǲ׳Ĵ󺣣·Ҫһмס
ãſ˵õģĸʱµģӦǵĿꡣٸ˵һ£ѪӰѾˣǻὫĸĸһϧŮӣ᲻£ںˣϣܹһأˣϣûʲôֵĶˡ
ϣºơ˫ĿһһõӰƮ漴ǷɳһɢȥǾʧȥ¶ȣҲʧȥ
Ѿʧȥеֻһǡ
һרŰĵ졣ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ǣ١һʥصķԱºƵһ
٣Ϊʲôûܣɱʱһ˹ʵ
ҶСû˵·˼ʲôþãſ˵ΪҲгºƵһ֣˿Ƿ
æǵȥɣҶС˻֡
ҶСĻ£ȫɢˣøʲô͸ʲô
ղšºơһ򲻺õϢǾѪӰ徹ȻˣʲôԸˣȻ֪
һԼҲ׼ԼȻԼ
ûΪԼģǣҵǺʫѾ֪˺ʫڿʵˣΪ˸Լһϲûн¸һжΪҪȻҲ顣


1904 ȥɽ
Ƭ̺ҶСüΪѧԱȥץЩºơˣȻǶѺ
Ϊ·ڼ䣬ºơһһˣЩ˵ΪǺܸߣҲ࣬ôҲΪ˲˵ע⡣
һкһ֮ȴϢ񡮳ºơ˵ģԷĿȻ֪ͨԼġ
кܽĺʫİΣĿǰĵȴ⣬
ûжõʱع飬ҡҡͷʾûҵҲûҵκε
ڼѾȫϴˣȻǽʫߣô϶ȥƫƧĵطҲҲĵĵȴɣҶС翴˵Ȼ˵ĺɣʵϣȻĲѡ
˵ͷû˵ʲôЩ⣬Ŀǰ˵ֻҵʫ
һ⣬˾ôվĵȴţЩʹȻѰţ֪ѰҵҶС绹ȥѰΪİɣ
ȴСʱʱ䣬ҶСͻȻ䣬бų⣬һƺεĴԶ
һɨҶС緢һʥصĸ֣Ǹʧ罵µˣʣ붼ˡ
ҶС໥һۣȻ˵ͷǶܹ˴˼뷨
ʥظֳҶСһ֮ĵطͣ
ҶС磬ҼΪһżֽĿͶҶС磬һӣһҶС˹
תߣ·ǺҶСһ㡣
һ⣬ҶСһץһƬռ䶼·ץУǵһͣסƯա
һɴ۶ɵż
ҶСһ֣żͷ˹Уһȫ۳ɵżʱ䱬˿γӡ
ɽɽۼ
ִƬ̣Ȼ㻯Ϊ˴ɢؼ䡣
ɽߣҶС翴һ˵ȻʧˣӰҲʧ
ɽѩǧѩͣһʫɽõڹ͡
ѩϺӣɽ߶գͷ·ϵɽһ㡣
ɽɽֺۣܹ˵ĹͷУСĴָһСıŰİһ㡣
ĵطȻкܶˡ
Ϊ׵һɫۣͷҰף·ҪƬѩɽΪһ壬α񾳸վķĿܡ
֮䣬һ黨ȹŮӾվüдǳŮǺʫ
ȪǸ¼УһӴȻ˽Ϊ
ܻкܶʥصĸ֣ЩҲʱעΧĶ
Ϊȴ˺ܾõԵʣĿͶ˺ʫСɨɨдһĨ̵Ŀ⣬֪ҶС翴Լĺʱлʲôĸܡ
󣬺ʫгһ˿֮ɫ˼ҪҶСǰǸûȫĺȡԲ
롣ʫдһ˿ᶨ˵
ߣɲ㡣˵
ȻʫоԼЩ䣬ЩʹȻƽʱﲻ࣬ǲȻ֪ץסΪ˶ԸҶС磬ҶС磬ڲ֪ô졣
ˡþãһα񾳸ͻȻ˵
⻰һֶŶߵķ򣬺ʫĿһĨΣһĨǡ
ҶСûԼϵƣǴշϣؼھҵķԶԶȥƼһ㡣
ɽɽ۲ԶһУѪӰ־վǺ̸е֣ҶС٣Źâ
ˣ׼ûУѪӰα񾳸ѯʵ
Ѿ׼ˣֻҪһͷͻ᳹ʥ۷α񾳸˵
ãҵ¡ѪӰα񾳸˵
䡪
ҶС˽٣ΧĺһӶֹͣˣһѩɢȥ
ɽɽۺҶСͽĿͶ˺ʫ
ԲܿˡҶС˵г顣
ʫҡҡͷǳǳЦݣʱʤһĨЦдеϲãһĨꡣ
һⰡҶС磬û뵽нɣʱʱ˵ƺһ˿ĳֻ
ҶСɫһӱһɨô
ôЦһ漴ЦֹͣɫҶС磬ҵ裬һʮķ㣬¡
ʲô飬ԳȷʫҶС綢˵ɫѿ
ܣѰŻȺʫα񾳸֡ΧʮʥظεĿźʫûκεĻᡣ
ûʸҽ¡ҶСϴһ˿֮


1905 仯
ĻҶС粢ûĿ˵ȷʫ
ûУɫһ˺ʫǰйâ²ָʫĸ
·һҶС粻ĻͻԥʫС
ãҴӦ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫ˺ʫҪȻ˶Ż뿪ҶС˵˫һ
ء
ҶС˵ϣȻ˫Ǽ⡣
Ů˻㣬Ҳ˵ǸˣǿˣϧѪӰһʥ۷ĸָ̾
ô˵ǵĵˡѪӰα񾳸ֵ˵ϻһ˿˷ܣ·׼һϷһ㡣
ЦһҰɫ裬·ǳħһ㣬ȻͷҶС磬ҶС磬û뵽ǰɣҵĳ裬Ҫĺ㡣
ʫҶСĶ˵
ˣ𣿡һ˵Ϊϵɣ
С磬Ҫʱʫĺ֪ףҶСﵽ磬ĥѣʹ˷ϵĻȻˡ
ž
һ˳ȥ졣
ʫһӵѩѪҺȾ˾Өİѩ
ҶС磬һ㣬ҵ޵ģһϣĺһɣ¶˲֮ɫһ˿Ĳͷ
ϣô죬һҶСԷΪ첻ܾ˵ľˡѪӰһʥؾĸֽ˵
ٵһ£Ǽȥα񾳸ɫƽ˵
ãҴӦ㡣ҶСɫ䵭˵дһĨɱ⣬۵Ŀһۺʫ
ϧ۵ŮΪҪôడ

ҶС쳤Хһһȵڷһƥÿռ̮
䡪
Զһɽֱӱѩܹȥ
ۡ
ҶСһѪήҲ񣬿һͨһ㣬ȫû˿
ĿͶһα񾳸֣α񾳸һâҫȻ˵ͷ·ȷҶСѾϳΪ
ѾѩվĺʫһĻ۽ǾӨˮ£ʹ࣬ҲǶҶСۡҧ촽Ѫ£ֲԼҧ˵ģǸղѪҺ
һԵЩ̿ҶСһĻ
ٺ٣ҶС磬ʧȥΪĸоôӸµĿҶС磬·УҶСһֻϡ
ѾʧȥΪҲûʲôвȡʫɣҶСѵ̧ͷϢٵ˵
ҪС硭Ҫʫ󺰣дʹеˮϻ䣬ǵѪһС
׼Ժʫ֣ʱҶС˵ĻͲҪ۸ŮˣѾ˵ˣȡʫôҶԣĿ겻𣿡
ջ֣˿ʫֿ˿ҶС磬ŮеλĺҪðɣѾ˵ˣҵĿȷʵ㣬ɣҴӦ㡣
ҪҶС粻ܲҪʫȫ
ҶС绺Ǹȥȥÿƶһʮּѡ
һĻʫʹֿ·ܹȾÿһˡ
ض˵Ѿȫ˰ɣʫɣʮҵʱҶСͣ˵
ԥһ£ȻĿͶһα񾳸֣ΪĿǰҶСѾԷΪһˣҪǵǷ˲֡
α񾳸ֵ˵ͷұ֤ܹ赲סΪǺܽԶٶٿ죬Ҳûǿ졣
ԹȥˡĿͶ˺ʫ
С硭󣬺ʫһȻҶССȥдʹۡ
ϣڻٲ־ҪˣѪӰһʥ۷ĸֽ˵
α񾳸ҲԥƺҪҪ֣ͻȻ䣬ע⵽⣬һֻ΢΢ʱʲô˵׼֡
ʱʫܹոܵʮ֮ʱͻȻ֣һĳǿޱȵ˺ʫĺġ
ҶС磬ҲҪ㳢ʧȥİ˵ζЦһ
ʫһΪѾӡȻܲ
ҪҶСŭĺһ˴ѩϵٶȼ죬ͲʧȥΪӡ
α񾳸ɫһ䣬ͬʱʧԭأҲʧԭء
䡪
ǿޱȵ˺ʫĺġ
֣α񾳸ͻȻ˵ʥ۷ĸһ
ͬһʱ䣬ʫڣһ΢
һĻͬʱеģ˭ûзص
ۡ
ʫһѪѪãѩų÷ޱȡ


1906 ʹ
Ҫ
ҶСĺһһӽʫ˻У·ҪὫʫ
˿̣ܹܵʫϢڽɢ
ǡ
һ΢ӺʫɢǴһѣԵò¶һ˿Цݣһ˿Цаһֵİ
ҪʫҲҪ뿪ҡҶСһһ㺿ޣˮҪ
ڵȫʫڹ࣬ѡ
С硭Ҫޡʫ֣ҪҶСϵˮǣֱһûС
ԡ𣬲ܹһӡһһʫʮּѵ˵ո˵һ룬ϵϢʧˡ

ҶС౯ĳһ·Ҫʫȥһǿҵ౯֮Ƭռе
ʫ·ɳһ㣬Ȼɢ
ʱ赲סα񾳸ȥ·ɫһ䣬һޱȵѪպѪлһѪɫķġ
漴һĳһ߻һɹɢ·ĳǣ֮ⷽ΢΢һһӰ۶ȻһѪɫİ
һͷѪɫıջص˴ָУͷýʫɢؾ
㡭㾹ȻԸһޱȵѪһα񾳸𾪵˵

ҶСͷۿɼٶţתۼ䣬͵īһĳڿ衣
ѩ׷ףĳ˻Ұɫһɷ·ǺһϢȻˮ£һĨˣһĨŭȻ
䡪
һǿضƴҶСڱ˳ɲǼ䣬Ʊã·𲻹ôѹƲסϵơ
ȻûзϳΪ֪ղʲôֶΡУѪӰһʥظ־˵
α񾳸Ҳһɻ֮ɫ֪ô¡
㡭㲢ûзϳΪҶС磬ΪҶСѾˣû뵽ҶСûɢȥڵ
ΪһӰԵʣֱӺ¶һĨҡ
ҶС·ûĻһ㣬ȻֱС
ǵõһκͺʫڹϣǸʱ֪ʫͬҲһеѧ
ڶҽԺУˣ۵ŮӣȻûǣĸʱбһ˿ʫӰ
һ䶡㣬ʢڽԹĵطڷҡΣֹµһ˿ǿŮӣϧۡ
˴˼䲻̫Ϥ֮µõ˺ʫ壬˱˴˼ϵŮӵʱǼȺְЩܹо
գõ˺ʫģҲ֪һȵŮӣֻΪ˿ǶԼ
ʹһ㣬ͲϵĶԼ˵һܹŮܰίˣû
ţɵ˺ʫɡߵһĻ
һһ·רΪ˺꣬ʫдġ
ֽɡԣ
ƳƳ
ּȵ
ϣţ
һһģ
ųԹĹ
У
һɫ
һķҷ
һǳ
аԹ
Թ壻

İ
ɫ
ɢķҷ
ɢˣģ
̫Ϣ۹⣬
ꡣ

ҶСɳƣһһֵֳص˸жݵɢƬؼ䡣
Ƭض·ܵһʫӰ죬ƹī
ϧŮӵӰҶСԺнԶֻʣһڷҡҷĶ㻨

ƲסеıʹҶСһ˫סӣʹڵѪᡣ
Ҳᣬĵʱ
ô£ҶһҪĸоѪӰһʥ۷ĸƵ˵
𣿡һʥ۷ĸַһ䡣
Ȼǵʵ䣬Ǵ˿һֱˣҪĸоѵû𣿡ѪӰʥ۷ĸʵ
ʥ۷ĸû˵
ҲָоѪӰα񾳸ֻ˵
ıѾĹŮйȻҪޱȡ˵Ҳ΢΢һ̾
ꡪ
ʱ֮īƲУһ߻գͭǮһС£һˮ˱ѩһȻΡ
ʱҶСȶ˫ĿǱʹͷŭӰÿ˵ġ
ҶС˫ĿԾٴκ
ܡܣΪѾϳˡ૵һܲŵӡ
Ϊղȷʵϳˣڿװǻơһα񾳸˵
һֻš֮ɫ۾һɫ˲ޱȣһҶС˹ȥɣ
һȭҪҶС飬ҶСĿȻ·ûпһȭһ㡣
һȭոտҪҶСǰʱͻأ䣬΢΢һ٣һһѪȭƾɢ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪ˺ҶСӰһӳǰҶСɳƳִʵĻ
Ϊʲô
ҶСٴظһ䡣
ءǡ
ҶСһȭıϣĹͷѪ쮳Ҳ˳ȥݺݵѩС
ΪʲôҪ˺ҶСٴ𣬷·ǻһ㡣
ǿ־֮ɫҶС֣Ѿ֪ҶСΪûзϳǸΪϵˣȻʵ


1907 콵ѩ
Ϊֵ˵
ΪʲôҪ˺ҶСĿдűʹͷŭ˵ʱϿֲޱȵƱ˳ΧĿռҵĲһ
ΪûбϡҶСΧŤĿռ䣬૵
ȷʵҶСΪûзϣʱϿƺΪѾȫɢ˳ȥʵǲһëбȻɵĴ
һкȫͨһһּΪ¾ЩֲֶˣοЩα񾳸֡
ϷݵúЩα񾳸ָˡ
ʱѾα񾳸ҲѾû뵽ҶС羹Ȼܽƭ
ס֡һα񾳴һ׼ҶСȥҪ赲סҶС磬ҶСӽ
ͬһʱ䣬Χʮʥصĸֶݵ𾪺ҲϽ˹׼İο
ղҶС̫졢̫ͻȻˣǶûзӦû赲ҶС繥ˡ
ѪӰ¶˵ЦݣһϷӣҪĽ
ϣ֪ս˭ӮһѪӰʥ۷ĸʵ
һʥصĸҲĿͶαǿߡ
αǿߵһЦ˵˭ӮӮǡ
һȻ֮ɫ
һα񾳸ж˫ǰһӡʱ䣬ҷһӰڷֳȻӿ۳һ
۳ķӵбİ˳ս
һ΢΢һΣ赲α񾳸ǰĳƬռ·γȦȦϿˮʵϣ̺ǿֱڲڲݻ١
ոҶСαǿ߲һеΣոϽˣʱЩʥظֶѾҶС˿ǺܵİΣˡ
ҪԲɣһα񾳸ֶʵ㲻£ȵʧøֽٺ˵а취ָȫʤʱڵΪ
Ѿ֪ʱˣΪ֣ĿǰΪûлָҪԴ
֪ǰΪﵽʲô磿񵭵ʵ
Ȼƽȴֳܹܵζ
αǿɫǺޱȣȷʵ֪Ϊʲô磬һ˵ѣȴֳһЦǸʱΪ񾳣ûʲôָܹΪ¾ҲֲҶС硣
֡α񾳸߳ŭˡ
𡪡
һͻɽƣʱ䣬һ޵ĻХƵƬؼ䣬һޱȵƣǾǴͻơ
һ˵Ķ˫ֳצɽʯ
ড
һα񾳸֣˫չĿǰھ֮ϵӥϵӰ֣ȥѾӥһ㡣
һԾȻֻУ̺ɽ֮ơ
α񾳸ֵĹ໥һ˼֡
˫ֻһȣһ˫ּγɣУ̺ǿޱȣ̴ܹһе֮
˫ƳȻ˹ȥ
䡪
ƴ׵ı˳˷ɢ䣬Χܶɽֱӱ
α񾳸ֺһսһ
ʱҶСƷڣ䣬֮ϵĹĺ໥ӳģϵһһȥ
ҶСһһʮʥ۷ĸ赲ǰȻоܲȫ
ʱѾҶСסˣӰһһĻĻԺС
ϣϣϡָҶС磬Щ˵
ҶСЩַ׷ҶСȥ
䡪
һɹɿޱȵƴϱųÿϵƷ·ܹ˺Ѳ񷣬ء
ɱ
ʮ˱ǿޱȣһѩȻ£ҶСϲûп£Ȼɽ
ΪҪ˺ҶС·ħһ㣬ϵظ仰
ΪΣͻȻҶСһ˵౯ͷŭ
¡
ʱһƵӾ֮ϴݶ£ܶ˶졣
ҶС绺˫֣˫гڿռлǿӣһ̬·һ㡣
ʱ֮ϣһƬƬѩƮ£ȫʧתۼ䣬ͻȻЩѩ˺ɫ
콵ѩռб˷ŭ֮ÿ˵Ķƽ·һʯͷ˵Ĳ졣
ƬƬɫѩ׷׶䣬ѻ޵ëЩѩÿϣһڻ͸ڡ


1908 
ʲôôѩ˺ɫУѪӰһʥ۷ֿһĻ𾪵˵
һʥ۷ֺα񾳸Ҳ𾪵ĿһĻѩΪ˺ɫ⻹״ľ
α񾳸֣еɫâһƬɫѩУƬɫѩոƮָ⣬ʱʧ·ڻˮȻ͸˽ȥ
α񾳸Ĳ鿴ţͻȻ䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ղźɫѩƮǸָ䵭˺ܶ࣬·һĥָ֧ŵ
ô£ϣһʥ۷ֵɴ۾ʵ
ɫѩһܹƻ꣬ѪӰα񾳸ɫص˵
ҶСĹ治һ㣬ǱҪһ
ϣҪҪǣǵƽһ㡣һʥ۷ĸʵдһ˿Ĺ
ѵ֪ﻹѪӰˣѪӰα񾳸ɫǳÿʵû뵽Լµ˾Ȼô޴ܰæ𣿵ȻС
ʥ۷û˵Դһ֪˵ӡ
ҶСϷŭ˵ϢɢһضϢȾ֮£˫ֵĲϻɫѩԽԽ󣬸һּΪĸо
ʱʮҶСĸͻȻһɫ䣬·ʲôµһ㡣
ֹͣǰ壬ϴŽ֮ɫ

һĲҽһʥظֵǱɽһڻû˿ף

һĲҽһѣһĪϢƻǸɲһ
ãɫѩй죬ע⣬ǧҪѩϡͻȻ䣬һʥ۷ĸֳѵ
ɫ԰ףоһĪƻƻ꣬ʱ궼Ѿܵش

ͻȻ䣬ҽһһ첲ʧˣ·ȫڻһ㣬⵽˴ˣήҲǾ֮ɫ
ãˣȥһִһȻϽȥҲ˹ȥǲϵشԼǿЩɫѩ¡
Щɫѩʵ̫ܼˣȻǿıǵķ򣬵ȻвٺɫѩƮػЩϡ

ҽ𣬺ܶ˶ѡ˵ʹ࣬ȻİΣ·ǾǵһС
ĲҽٿѾôѾα񾳸ֽˣǷ׷״ǿޱȵĹȻҶС
˫ڻ·ӶҶСͷһףһֶΣյıܷӦ
ϣһ㵭ķâ֮Ȼֱиռ䣬ɲǼԶ
α񾳸ٶδһӱǰ
ǿѾʧȥһ첲⵽شʱɫüΪѿ
ߡ
һα񾳸ֺȳһα񾳼ֱƿնȥʣļҲ׷ȥ
ûˣǻսȥʮʥظ˺ܶ࣬ҲһϢ٣ҪɥӣҲһǲò롣
α񾳸Ҫ뿪ͬһ˺赲ˡ
ҶСվɽۣ֮۾һգգŸղźʫɢĵطдһ˿ãһ˿ıʹ
ӰߣƺİΣ΢΢̧ͷ˿ԶһƬգ¶˾֮ɫ
ˣѪӰα񾳸ͬʱüͷΪصѾˣû뵽ԷǷǡ
ʲôϣǱˣѪӰһʥ۷ĸ־˵һ㲻˼飬ѪӰֱǽʵ֮Ķ䣬ڻǱԷˣ˵ԷΪĲ򵥡
ʲôСֵġѪӰα񾳸üһʥ۷ĸ֣ȻĿͶ񣬡Ϊʱĸ֣ȻȻΪûлָǸ֪Ȼôǿ󡣡
ϣ᲻ᷢһЩֽţʥ۷ĸɻʵ¶һ˿ĵ֮ɫȻҲЩԼϾԼ
ӦòᣬҪȻͱα񾳸ַˣǲǼӿһѡѪӰα񾳸˵
ϣղǸŮ˵Ļ£᲻Ḵһʥ۷ĸʵ
ҪǺǣĿǰľ񾳶ֳ֣һ˿ϣѪӰαЦһ˵
߰ɣ˵һȻ˲뿪
뿪ջĿ⡣


1909 ŮӦ
ɽɽۣѩƮƮХ֮ϺѾʧֻҶСˡ
ҶС羲վ·ڻʲôϱʹɢƬգɽ۶ΧڱʹУǺĺ·Ϊʫ۵ŮӶˡ
Ϊ۵ʹͷ񳤣īĺڷѳ˻Ұɫ·һӲ˺ܶꡣ
ԴӽһԺʫŮ˼ֹػҪϡ
ʫһΪеˣһССĿΪ΢С仯룬ʱˣҲеĿһȥĬĬܡ
ôһŮȴĬĬҶС磬ҶСüζͺʫһ̸ϧÿζ⣬δ֪Ůе룬˽еĳ࣬Ѿû˻ᡣ
Ҫȥ𣿡ҶСʵ
ҶСûлشֻĿǷѩѩз·̺кʫӰӣƬеӰ
þãҶС˵һֱиԸһӣòһӣû뵽ȴ뿪ˣǸ뿪ˣԸûʵ֣Ǵźȥġ
û飬һЩȱֵȥ˵
ǺǡҶСɬһЦʹҲףά˹ĵһ㣬ΪȱһԼˣҲԸ⿴ˡ
Уһû㶮ö࣬ףʲô飬˵ĲǺʫŮӣôˡƽ˵
̫ᰲοˣÿһ仰һĵʱֻ˺ܶΣҲ飬Ƚ͸
ȻȥɣǲõңҾһҶСɳƣ˵Ŀɬ
ѾϻۣȻʹӰ·ԶڷҡҷĶ㣬һݶصķҷ޷ǡ
˵ͷ΢΢ԥһ£һӰ߳һûҶСڣ漴Ϊһ»Աʧˡ
һЩҶСеĿƣ飬ȷʵҪһȥһ

һٶ£Ҳƿһ֣˲ܵ󷨶Ӱ죬ҲӰ첻Ǻܶࡣ
㣬ʫôոս٣ŮΧ˹ÿ϶ǽ֮ɫ
֪ͯ˺ʫʧˣҲżޱȣȻʫƽʱﲻ࣬ǣŮǳ۰Ҳޱȵǫá
˵ʫŮԱõһôһŮӾȻʧˣȻܵġ
ĿһɨһƬݺݺ࣬Ůȫˣ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ˡ
ˣŮһ漴ɫ䣬Ƕʲô˼
Ǿ˵ʫѾˣ׵뿪ǡ
㣬׷ʲô飿ͯдһ˿ûںɻѯʵ
΢΢˼һȻɽɽ۷鼫Ϊ̵˵һ顣
Ů϶¶һĨˣԵüΪıʹ
ãŷǧһ˿̽ʵ㣬ղ˵㽫ʫռǲа취ʫ
ܻаɣĿǰûеģǵΪ̫ˣĽǹҲ̫ˡҡҡͷ
ţȥһ󷨽걣˵һ䣬ʧˡ
ߺŮ˳ĬУǶףʫ¶ҶСĴ̫ˣʱҶСҪһ˾һںʫĸǸղ˵ģûʲô취
ʱշǳĳƣһЩ˵ҶС磬һЩҪںʫµجС
ӲУСʱڣҪС罫꣬ȡ̵ʱڣǵʵӲܹΪСḺȡԿΪʫ𡣡ŮӣĽѩ˵
ʱһֽüӢҲΪǵģһжΪҶС롣
ʫ£κŮӶģΪܺʫ磬Ҳ֪ʫֻΪ˿ǣԼˡڴˣԺʫǳ壬޻˵ĺýá
ĹģҲǰ취ҪȻŬΪĿǰӦ顣
ѩ˵ĲȷʵӦöĿǰøʲô͸ʲôȡʱΪһʵŷǧŮ˵
ʫһУǱõѵ;飬ҪǿʵҶСΪǵģҪһľ衣
ĽѩŷǧĻŮ˵ͷҲΪˣһǳ˵зһĨᶨǾˣһҪͬŬԼʵһʵȥȻΪʫ


1910 
ܲα񾳸ּ飬ʮʥظֻ֣ˣȫˣ⵽شˣһɽɽۣһ·;ڻɢ
صˣһѾŻˣǺɫѩֱһجΡ
ҶС硭ҧ˵ΪһһܹҶСЭҶСһ٣ȻնɱҶС磬˭֪󣬾ȻҶСٴҲնɱǱ
ɽɽҶС¹ˣڲ֪ԼǶôĿЦǲǸõҶСʵл֮ƶѣǣҶСԷΪ޴֮һ飬Ϊһ飬ҶСԼһܵˡ
ò٣һΣҶСҲʧ޴󡣡ҧŭĿӵӣһα񾳸ְο
˵ãһ˵о
ž
ݺݵĸα񾳸һӣȻΪŭĶαʵʱѾѯʹˣǶΪҶСϳΪأҲ㱻նɱ
ǷŭΪ˶ԷĻų׵ķû뵽ҶС羹ȻûзϳΪ
Ȼǹ£ǽԼеıȫйα񾳸ϡ
ʱα񾳸һǵϸߣ·ǳһ㡣
Ҳû뵽ҶСصôȻǶƭ˹ȥɼĹܲһ㣬ǵôöûзĵʲôα񾳸ֵͷ˵
ԲǵĴܵίεжнģնɱҶСҪǸŮӣܹʹһα񾳸˵
ȷʵЩοɵǸŮΪһĻ֪Լϲ˱նɱʹζ
ҶС磬Ҳζɣк޺޵
ʱоԼڣǹȻƻڲĽṹɵüͷȰǹصɣ
ǡα񾳸ͬ˵
ͬʱһɹâȻҶСڣҶСǹ
֮࣬һֳĶǸˣֻƾӡ
ô£ʲôô죬ǵȻֱӴ͸ȥˣͲܹһα񾳸ü˵
ȷʵܹ죬ʲôȻ˹һα񾳸˵
ֻһ취ˡ
ͬʱ˵ͷ֪ȻˣôֻǽǹյУڵˡ
һתǹһ鿴ڵ״
һСʱʱ䣬һα񾳸ֵɫȴò԰ޱȡ
α񾳸־α񾳸ֻ֣һ˶ѡ
һα񾳸ֿ˿ϱۣԥһȻ˵ϱ۸Щ֯ĻȫƻˣҵʲôޱȵĲҶҪȻǻָˡ
ʲô󾪣ô˵Ҫʧȥһ첲ˣ˶ˡ
ѵһ취ûУɫޱȣԸһмˣԼٵ
̫ˣֻоʲôǲܹԿһα񾳸ܵ˵ƺЩε
û˵⣬һĨļɵ

ɽɽۣҶСڵȫȫһͨˣѩ׷ףͷ䣬ϣûжãͱΪһѩˡ
ѩԽԽҶСһѩĵԶɽɽۡ
һ졭졭
һ죬һųʹ˱̾Ϣɽɽ
ǡ
ѩѿҶСӰ¶˫ĿãеһǰţûĿ꣬ûзֻŸоߡ
Ұɫ磬Ӳ춼ǣһӣ˭Ҳϲ˭Ҳ뵽ҶС羹ӡ
һ·ߣ·ãʼɢһ˱·𻹳һЩС
Щ˻ΪҶСؤǧȰ˵ҶСŬ˵ܹɹһˡ
Ѿ˱仯ÿ˶ܹˣֻҶСôһؤˡ
ࣿôƣȻ壿ûпһǸֵӡ
ҶСҲ֪Լ˶ãͻȻ䣬һ˹
Ƕ𣿡
һǣҪȻҲ塣
ܶΧҶС磬
Ȼ壿ҶС΢΢һ̾˵Ҳ֪Լô̤ĵ̡
ѵл𣿡Ϊ˺ưɣ
ͻͻơ


1911 Ҫҵ˻
ҶСҲû뵽ԼȻ塣
һʱԼУȫΣջǸ·ıܡ
ʱҶС紦½ԵشҰɫɢ·ƾɣ꣬ؤûʲôֱ
ΧЩֶָָ㣬л¶һ˿ı֮ɫ
ҪҪնɱˣһѯʵ
ҪɱȥɱɣҲ̫˼Լ˰ɣһͨˣΪѾͻƵʥһʥȥնɱһͨˣԸĻȥɣһ˵
ȷʵˣǲܹһͨ˳֣ǣҲܹô߰һܵǲȥ𣿡
ʵܹԽããɭִﵽ𣿡һα񾳸ЦһЦʵ
֣ɫΣ治ܣˡ
¶˻Ȼ֮ɫУ޶ţëЩոսʥˣҲܣ±ЩʵǿնɱοҶСǸͨˡǸͲùܣôܡ
ˣǲùˣôߣܹĻǾ˵̫ˡ˵
ֶǴͬĿ⿴˿ҶС磬Ȼɢˡ
Щ뿪ıӰҶСıûʲô仯·ղžûпЩһ㡣
ЩУһλͣУЩһȺ͡
Żôõʱ䣬ȻʹȻֶһǸŮӲܹع顣
ҶС˫ĿľȻĿ˿ܣȻѡһǰȥ
ïܵı̲ݡľ֪ߵ˰ڵǸ䣬һ·˺ܶޣЩ޾ĿҶСԶûж֡
ޱ˸Ĳ֪ȻȥҶСһ˿ΪҲûУǣȴܹᵽΣյϢ
ҶСĵһδƽܶ˶ָָ㣬Щ˶䱸
ಡ
תۼ䣬ҶСͱΧסֶʥǿߣɫƵĿҶС硣
࣬Ǵν£һα񾳸ֶҶСʵź⡣
ȻҲҶСʮݣûΪûзɾ衣
ҶСû˵ԶСľݣ¶һĨ꣬İ֮ԼȥĸܣҲ˰ĳ顣
࣬˵ĿģĻɱҶ֡ɫ˵ʵڲҶС綯֣ϾҶС绹еСնɱҶСĻ˱ӡ
֨
СľݵŴ򿪣һɫȹѵŮӴľ˳Ȼʥ
·Ϊ͵ĵӰ쵽Ůӵľ߳
˹ƺ뿴ʲô顣
ҶСҲĿͶ˵ĿײһɲǼ䣬΢΢һʺ˵촽˶ƺҪ˵Щʲô¶һĨã
࣬صַ·ʧȥģϢȣϵϢҲĵҶСȫһҪҶСֵӡ
ס֡ʱȻôϸ壬صƬռ䡣
ڰĻǲҲǶ֪ľŮˣľһΪߵǿߣûԸ
ȻΪľԭ򣬷Բǧڣܶ䶼佻ãʱ򻹻һЩöеˣȻ԰ҲʮֵĹ
˸óһ·ɫؿŰ
ߵҶСʮ֮ԶĵطͣҶСһɫ¶һ˿ĸӣ˵
˵꣬תСľȥҶСȥ
˿һĻû˸˵ʲôɻ
ô£ôǸ䣿
ʲôϵ
ʲôϵĵһǿղǸܿŻСľݡ
ɢɢˣøʲô͸ʲôȥôһΧһˣɢȥ
СľУɣҶС統뿪ʱû˿ı仯
Ƥ̳ɵĴϿҶС磬ԥ˺ܾòųʵô
ΪʹҶСһ˿Գ֮ɫ˵
΢΢һ㶣漴˵ͷ·ҶСΪʹ
ʹ֮󣬾ͲʹˣüǸעҪС˵
ΪˣҲŸԼһʱ䣬Լһ㣬һиߣô߾ôߣû뵽Ȼ塣ҶСɫľȻ˵
΢΢һҶС绺˵Ѱҵ˻顣
ܰɣҶС΢΢һ̾˵ΪʫĳЩͬʣŻǰġ


1912 һϢ
䣬ҶСһĴţƽʱ򣬻氢һȥɼʹ
Ϊ飬Ҳԭ⼸ԹЦݡ
ʥŮӣҶС㱼䣬·𿴵˺ʫоŵĸˣǵŷְǰԶǺʫ
֧ʱʹ֮ʼ
Ȼа꣬ǣʹʱȴӵʹǶݵģֿҲҪ
ʮʱҶСȻôһ̣ӣڰᡢӵĿȥ
·Ǽ˰в̤ʵˡһѾƻһҲƻ
ҶС뿪壬ԭ·̷أ˺ܾúʱֵȺˡ
ףⲻǸ𣿾Ȼлôʱ䣬ⰡҶС磬һ˺˵
̫ˣһͨ˾Ȼܹ޺ɭлţѵʲôܲɣһ˵ž⡣
һ仰Ҳ¶һĨʣͨ˸ͲɭдϾЩܹܵϢͨ޷ϵϢޣЩҲŵϢȻѰ
ٺ٣ǿϵʲôܡһʥؾֺٺһЦҶС˵ֱ飬ɢʥ֮ƻһһˣҡȣȴƫƫһࡣ
ҶС·ûЩ˵ĻȻڲǰţԺкʫӰϸ֣иոʱֲḺӵĿ⣬ʹ
ޱϧŮӲ࣬ƫƫʶŮӶΪ֮ϸ飬һ˽ȣһ޳ա
ǶһԸֵ˼£ȻŮȴűҵˡ
ʮҶС˹
ô£ôоĪıˣ·ʲôʹ鷢ˡͻȻ䣬ǰһ˱˱˵ˮ¡
Ҳһôһ£
Ѿо˲ԾȻе̰սʤǣǲûͣ½ŲȻҶСȥ
һʱ䣬ʮֶˮϾǱˣǸ޷Լ
ٹһЩͬʱͣ˽Ųһ˱·ǳһ㣬һ仰Ҳ˵վ
ҶСӰԶȥֻʣ޾ı֮
Ƭ̺Щɳһ㱻紵ɢΪ˳ʧؼ䡣

ʱ·ҶС羲ߣû磬Ҳû˹ˣֻкʫʱһĻʱȻԸûɣź顣
ôʱ䣬ҶСеĨ˱Ȼ޷ĨһöѾѿӡ
һ¶ÿ;УǷݹ¶ƷζǷ˱
߰ߣ߰ߣҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ˣϵƣƣ
һ·ȫܣۣܲһֱźʫôۣ
·һµʯϣҶС绺΢΢һ̾˫Ŀһʱ䣬˯ߣѾʯ˯ţü䲢ûзĳԹ
Լһ̼䣬ҶСǰĿռ΢΢һɫȹŮͻأ֣ŮӺڷīüĿ쳣ˣŻһĲúͷҷ
ߵҶСǰ΢΢һ˫ϸ֣סҶСǲɣӣдϧ֮ɫһЩۡ
Ǻοأ֪֪ӻøŮΪۣ֮һѽ⡣
и㣬ȻΣ⼸еİȻΣչһʱɣŮ˵۵顣
һɹĹâֶʯϵҶСӰȫʧˡ
һ죬ŮҶС絣ޱȣȻ֪ҶСʵǿ󣬵ɽɽۣܵش˭֪ʲô
СѾʧ˰꣬Ҳ֪ͯ΢΢һ̾˵һĿǵǡ
ĽѩŷǧŮҲһ
һʱǸŬӦ飬һ˵ʵ
ʫ䣬ÿжһΪһ֧ǲϷܶΪҶСһ
ȻڴһʱҲȥ̽ҶСټ֪ҶС
ϧ޽Ѿ֪ǵڼŮһˣÿжΪĵҶС磬ŷǧͺõйҶСϢ
Ͼŷǧͺ鱨ýġ
εεΡһ
ŮĿͷͶ˺ǶܹǵǴӺߴġ
˼ҵֻǸ˵ȻӿڴóֻһһϢ
ͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬۾ת۾˾Ө顣


1913 
રડ
һſžӨźǾʶ¡
ôˣӣŮжһ£һֲõԤУͯæʵ·Ѿʶʲô
Ƕ֪һǿŮӣ׼䲻ˮʱȴЩ
ǿԼֻݸͯɫ˵
ͯӹֻߵĽѩľܿһֻͬϵĶɫһ䣬ȻĬĬĽֻݸˡ
Ůֻһɫ̫ÿ
ֻֻһͼƬͼƬҶСƬ
ƬıһƫƧĽֵֵϣҶСҰɫ磬趯Ͽ˷˪ͳ꣬˵ҺǱΪҶСϤ¶ûϳҶС硣
УҲܿСôĥԼԸȽϳ嶯ķ˵ȻĿͶ˺Сʲôط
Ҳ֪ýԱƬǾеС磬Ÿҷ˹ѾĵƬϵˮѾʧˣȡ֮һĨۺ͵ǡ
ƬıС϶ڻģǾǽķ׳죬ҲҪҵ¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
᰽㣬˰ɣĻĶ֪С棬ĻҶС̫ΣˣοҵСҲûãĽⲻ㲻֡ʱĽѩ˵Ҳһ˿ĵĻЩΡ
ѩ˵ûдĿǰֻеȴʵҲǺϢ֪Сû¡ľܿҲ˵
Ľѩľܿ˵ĻŮ˳ĬУǶھ˼ŮĻ
վһ֣׼ɳһЩĵ˰в鿴ҶСټͬʱڰбҶСһһ
Ҳûа취İ취ϾҶСʱܲ״̬İȫҲ֮е顣
ʱ䣬һƬƽȴͬԤϵΪӪһӪҶСΪ׵һһӪΪ׵ˡ
ɽɽ۷飬ûд˵⣬˶֪顣
Ȼɽܶɽ黹ǵע⣬ֿĻȻƶϳиսȴû˲³ǳսʢı
һսУٴܵ裬һһ첲Ĵۣʮʥظʣ޼
ʫսвұնҶС籯˹ȣ˲䣬Ұɫ飬񶼲֪ǻΪ˺һֻͬΪ˻ġ
˶֪Ѿʱ֪ʲôĸܡ
һȻһսһַ·Ѿ˳ʷ̨еĻᶼһ
һһӿ֣һҲռ˺ܶҪʥءΪռݵ࣬˵ȴܶࡣ
Ŀǰ˵ȷʵһǿ󣬱ϾŻЩǿʵ֧֣ʧЩ֣ӵǿĹ似ֶΣһռҲ֮С

һٳĿռУЩǻӣйĵطʻޣܰ·ǻĺ
һλһ޴ޱȻ֮ϵĹڣҶС羲һŷɫĴϣӷ䲼õĸɫиֻɵͼ֪Ůӵķ䡣
ʱҶСѾһ·ԭƾޱȵţп㣬ѾɫΪɫͼĳȡϳĺӲѾʧˣȻüȻһĨĳȴǰöˡ
ǰӿһؤɢһֱ֮ϢѾûˡ
ڷɫҶСƤ΢΢˶Ȼ˫Ŀ΢΢һȻܣ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ֪ԼôͻȻ
һɨһжԺС
񹬣ʲôطҶС
ͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ͷ˿Լ·һȻ̾һ˴
һʱ˼ִѾɢˣںʫ飬ҲѾͨˣȻȻ˱źǲǰ˷·ʧȥ˻ǣĬĬߣͷԼ
֨
һ΢춯Ŵ򿪡
ҶСȥֻһɫȹŮ˽һֶһƿһֶһɹ
ŮӣҶС΢΢һ㶣ȻѾ뵽ŮӾǴ˵صķɫȹŮӣźŷɫɴò
ллС㽫Ҵ˯һȾҶС繰˹֣дһ˿м֮ɫ˵
Ҳ벹ǰһУҲ֪ǷǸǶŮӡɫŮĵ˵дһ˿ꡣ
⻰ҶСһ۾ɵϴſڣ·Ҫ˵Щʲôȴ˵


1914 񹬣ޱ
㣬ޱþãҶС˵ĸ֣¶һ˿֮ɫû뵽ȻܹټޱԼҲû뵽ޱܹĵ·Ϊôߡ
ɫȹŮޱ
ǲ㲻ңѵȻ𣿡ޱȡ·ɫɴһȻ֮ɫ˵
̤֮·ޱϵʷ˾޴ı仯òҲһ˿˿ĸı䣬øΪƯΪˡ
ڵԼ飬һֱȽϺڡ
Ҷû˺ޣףʵܴһֶΪңֻѧϰȴĸܣҲû˽㡣ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ģޱ¶һĨϲ֮ɫλߵϢȫȻʧ·һСŮˡ
ġҶСĵ˵ͷҾѾ˵ˣû뵽㻹뿪ˡ
лл㣬С硣ޱɫЩ˵һĿžӨỨǼỨ
뿪ϵ׷ʲô飿˵һ˵𣿡ҶСɻѯʵڵⶰԿޱڻ񹬿ǲ֪ͣޱĻ
ޱ˵ͷ˹ҶСĸ첲Ĵϣû˿ΪҶС署˴뿪ľ
Ȫ뿪󣬲ñһֽ֣˻񹬣Ҵ֪Ǹֱǻ񹬵̫ϴϡ
̫ϴǿʣٶƽƽһصĹΪȥǵĺ뿪ͻƵʥ󣬱ԻĴС
Ȼ񴫳в˶ԵģҪһƣʲôƣֻѾȥĻ֪
ûһʸܻĴУ񹬶ع츳񹬸߲ܴ
ĿУܵ˻ĴУΪͻͽһ·߸裬ٶȼ졣
Ϊ˻ĴУû֣ںֵܶӵ£˻񹬵ٹ
ĿǰûйΪûʸλãȻޱѾܵ˴УΪЩͣûа취ѹи֣˲űΪٹΪܹѹ˺ΪԶΪ
Ҳʱһ֣ʱĩڵĸ֣ԶٵĿռ䣬⵽˶ѣֻ˴С
ޱĻҶСһ̾ȻĴУ֮治С
һȻȽӻΪѣΪأҲء
ܴ˭Ҳ֪˶ˣС磬ʲôˣôӣޱͻȻʵҶСһͷҰɫͷ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҶС¶һĨʹʫˡ
ʲôʫʫޱһʵ
ʱǶһ࣬Ȼ֪ʫΪˣҲʫԸôһŮӾȻˣȻ֡
ҶСͷȻѾˣһʫ֣ԺоͻֺʫӰΡ
ޱһ˵ֲôģԭ£׷ʲô飿
ҶС罫鶼˵ޱ
Ȼߣһ۵ġޱɱ¶ɢһǿޱȵϢ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣Ȼָ˹û뵽ޱϾȻôơ
ҶСޱ˼ЦЦʧˡ
㶼ҪΪһŮˡҶСЦЦ˵
ŮǿǰǸСŮˡޱֱֱҶС˵
ҶСЦЦȻЦޱ˵ǧҪ˽Զ֣ΪͲĶ֣ο߻α񾳸֣ɵ¡
ףģûаգǲᶯֵġޱ˵ͷѾǻٹˣ鵱Ȼ֮ǰܶࡣ
С磬ԺҪĥԼˣʫ֪ĻһܵġͻȻ䣬ޱҶС絣ĵ˵ȻҶС翴һûУҶС뿪ֱǸӡ
ҶС΢΢һ̾Ȼ󵭵һЦģԺ󲻻ˣȻлЩ˸УҵĽ׶Ѿȥˡ
ҶС粻˵ѣŷ
ǳ綼ҪϣڿʼҪһ׼ޱҶС˵
ҶС˵ͷȻףȻɽɽɱ˺ܶʥظ֣ʧǺܴα񾳸ֲ˼ǡ
һܹ뿪ȲһˣҿһֱڰУΪ㰵еʲô飬㶼ҡ
áҶСҲûпʹӦ¶м֮ɫ


1915 ҧһ
ղҶС鿴һ£񹬵ҲΪĲʥظ־һΪʥ۷ĴڡĸҲܶ࣬ȻǼϴʵ˵Ȼв磬Ҳࡣ
˻񹬵ͻĸ˺ƤҲ˰գһһõѡ
㲻ȥһ𣿡ҶС翴ޱ˵
㻶ӭޱдЦʡ
Ȼӭˡ
ޱһЦҡҡͷˣƽˣҽȥ⵽ʲôôŮӵһ¶⡣
뿪Ц˵ǻ񹬵ûб¶ҲԺ¶һڰзչԺܹõ㡣
ҶСޱ뷨ޱҪ͵֪ҶСĹϵҲΪ˸õ
ޱ̸һҶС뿪ޱлЩᣬǵͷͬ⣬Ҳ֪ҶСȥ˺ܳʱ䣬һǱ߶ܵҶСİΣ
Ѿ˴֪Էʲôʱ涼ˡ
λ̫ƽϲޱĴ£߳˻ڵǸռ䣬ȻϳȥΧĺˮ·ûκһ㣬һ㣬ٶȻҪ졣

һˮ춯ҶСӺˮг˳Ŀ΢΢һɨ˿Χһʧ
ҶСս˺ܶ࣬һ·ߣҲһֳḶ́ԸжһȷʶֻҪŬչһʱ䣬Ϳȫ
һϿգҶСӰͻȻ֣һɨһеһжԺг֣һʵ˺ܶʱһжⶼŮŬĽ
һˡҶС˵һ㽵һϣȻᣬȴĴһÿ˶ߡ
仰Ůһɫ˲ʧԭĵطֱ󷨡
ʱһûмˣľ¥еŷǧ桢ֿɶȼŮ⣬һľܿ㡢ľ۹˶ڡ
桢ֿɶǵΪѾͻƵʥŷǧæѡһЩӵеĶ
ҶСĻǶͷĹԱߵ¥ȥ
¥󣬿ĿУҶСӰ֣ľܿһһ¥ŽѾӣйżỨҶС籼˹
ҶСϴ΢Цſ˫ۣ˹ľܿ㱧˻С
ƤôôҧҧʱľܿЩƵ˵һҶС绳УſھҶСļҧһڣǣҧҶСļϾҧһһ㣬ҧ
Ͳܲҧ𣿡ҶСЦ˵
ľܿû˵Ľ΢΢бһ˫ĿзֹǵĹâɢܹϢ
ΪߣϵȻѾշľ磬һʩչһ΢СĶ޷ܵȻ
С磬Һÿ𣿡ľܿ·Ǵ˷һ㣬ǿҴ̼˵ĸй١
컯֮²ãһǾ͹ˡҶС彩ӲϽ˵Ͳֱӱľܿȥ¥ڴһֺܲĸо
ʲôʱôľܿһۣܶأȻ˵ͬʱѩỬ˫ۣҶСĲϣûʲôܹ赲Ȼ
壬һ壬ҶСиԼϽ˵Ժеʱ䣬ȷſҰɣ
ѵ㲻һ𣿡ľܿС࣬΢΢һ촽ϴڴɫ˵
ʱǺ촽ˡ
ź촽ӽȻѾԼ壬ȴûеֿ֮ź촽ӡ촽ϡ
ִȵ촽һһ㣬ҶСеź촽
ͻȻ䣬һʹӿдϽƿľܿ㣬ֻľܿһĨȻЦݵĿԼ촽һ˿˿ѪԼѪľܿҧ촽
ҪҪҧһڲŸİҶСޱƵ˵
ûл֮ǰҾ͸ԼһҪݺҧһڣ֪жൣ㡣ľܿдһ˿ԹĿҶС硣
ʱһŲŷǧǶ˽ҶС˲ж¶һ˿ļ
ৡ
һӰ˽ĽѩᰵȵǶ˿ŮٴһЩвҶСŮˣжСЩҶСʮֹĵˡ
ŮеļһĨԹǸһЦǸǵˣԺ󲻻ᷢˣҿǡ
ŮûԼеУԺҶСӵһ£Ȼ
ҿܿҪȻ¡


1916 ɢ
ĿУŮۣǵĿⶼͶҶСϣдᡣ
ܵô˵Ŀ⣬ҶСúѹȻĿѹǼϳеΡ
ȻǶѾԼŮˣôԼǿ֣ǰȫΣѾ¾ģһκһܵ˺
ŮһҶСѯ˹һ״Ů˵һľ仯
ʥֵĲӣҶСϲã˵Ǳ˻ĺԶϾǻôɵˣдʥذھظ֣һʥһصеĸ־Ӷࡣ
ȻҲΪ̲ԭһŽʱѣǴǧʱ䣬쳣һҪﵽ־ǿ߲ϲ㣬»Ҫʮһʱ䡣
İ£һпٳ˺ܶ࣬Σճ̶Ҳ˺ܶ࣬޺ǿʮ㣬ЩȥˣĻпɥС
ƼչѸ٣зΪˣģȷǳߣͨЩСֶһʱ䣬Ӿ顣
ȻƼĿǰѾֳ˺üţоרзսףиҩҺĲš
ĿǰƼѾзһǿսףЩսڸƾֶԶһ
ĽѩƶȴĺôһûвͶˣҲûʲôȻһʲô֮Ľȵȡ
Ů̸˼СʱǺǲĻص˸ԵĸλҶСѾָˣǶġ
¿ҶСˣǾήҲ

ûмСͮͮ˵ҧѾˣȻʱûмҶС磬ȻϲҶС磬ӼҶСһֻҶС绳Уǲ
һѾһصˣСڣİΣҶС粢ġ
ɽɽۣȻҶС統ʱʹޱȣģļǵ񽫺ʫȫռ׼Сͮͮȥ񹬣Сͮͮв
ҶС˵ȥľܿǺľ۹ʱСͮͮС˿ӣ۾лỨһҪ޳ӣḻ֮û취ҶСֻôƿ
ҶС綼ɣСͮͮǲСո̻ˡ
񹬣ҶСӰ֣ոճ֣Ӱ¶Ϊ˽ʫɢռΪʩչʹúʫûϣ
ǿĽ񾳸ֵֶΣʵ㣬ֻˣʩչԪˣ˺ü²Żָ˹ȴ޷ӳˣһõ˺Ȼǵ޾ҲһƣԸıκġ
ллҶС翴ǳм˵
лĿǰʱԽ£ס취Ļò˶೤ʱ䣬껹ǻɢֱӿ˵
ĻҶСһʵûа취ʫ
дһ˿ȻôĴۣӦа취ʫ
ҡҡͷĿǰûа취ǵΪ̫ˣΪߵĻа취Ƚ걣סɢΪﵽһľ磬п
ҶСһ꣬ͻȻ䣬뵽һ˶ź꣬Ѿˣָ˹˵һ漣漴˵
ʶ㣬˵ܹʲô취дһ˿ϣϣʫܹ
룬񻺻˵һǳΣųɹôһΪؼǰһͨˣͨ˺֮˸Ͳͬ
ͨûᣬʶҲûںϣ˵ķܹγ棬֮ˣԴ̤֮;˾ؼһӡعա
ӡҲʧعҲһʧӡ֣˸ѡοʶΪһ壬ʶ⵽شĿǰܹѾǺܲˡ
ĻҶСһЩ򵥵˵⵽ע⣬󣬱Ըˡ
ղ˵ʫ껹ὥɢҶСѯʵ
ţǣҲýʱԷ˶ѣʱ䲻ҵ껨ǲһ־󷨡
껨ҶСɻʵ
ֶټûܹøǿǿ󣬶عͻӺöֶ࣬ѾʧˣֻʧУûУֻܹѡһˡΪҶС͵


1917 󣬽
ĻҶСһͷۣС۹Ǳȱһζ֮˵һ껨û˵ĿûˣȫˣĿǰֻвˡ
ʲô󷨣ҶСɻʵ
󷨵ĹΪƴҪ㹻׼ҲΪȻ󷨲ܹ꣬ЧãʲôҾͲ֪ˣҲûвùǵżõġѵøҶС˵ô໰
ô໰оܹβ󷨵ӡ
ҪγɾŹ֮ƣһպ÷һһΧİ͸պܹγһƣУΧʮɣʮɣĲϱϺõʯͼֽѾˣͽˣߵϵƵȵȣͼֽ϶б
˵ţйâһһƤ˹һչҶСǰ
һƤΪϣǴһ㣬һ˿Ϣ
·ǿҶСɻ͵ʱʱģһֱУΪòˣû뵽ȴӿˡ
ƤϿ̻žӣһͼҶС΢΢һ¶ɻ֮ɫƬ̼˹
һ䵽ƤϣɲǼ䣬Ƥһв·ˮһ
䡪
Ƥϣɫâγ˾״ɫâγɵľӰЩӰȫǰһıγɵģӰЩ·ʮйϵĿַ֣·һֵۣȥʮֵ
ɾˣҶСѯʵ
˽ɣ飬Ժ˵ٶȷſ첻Ҫ顣˵꣬˫Ŀ
ҶС˼ǺʱӡŵĺʫΪʱɢ
ںʫһ£ҶС統ȻΪģСͮͮ뿪񹬺ҶСֱĽѩԣϺʯȫĽѩ
ŽҶСһȥѰңôĹʲôʱܹѰҵ磬Ľѩ䷢Ϻõʯһ֡
Ľѩӵͷԣֻ΢˼һ£һִУ񷢲󣬺ܶ˶׷ȥѰʯ׬ȡ֡
ʱҶСƤһľ¥ŷǧǰҪŷǧİЩͼתΪִƽͼṹгߴıעܹ죬ȷĽñ
ҶСӿƤУɫĸӰٴ¶ŷǧĿһУͬʱһñʼ¼ʲôСͮͮŷǧдĶֿɫıӰ
ȻҿȴһɵӣҶҲ˵
˶Ǵʱ䣬ɫͶѻɽŷǧҲͼֽ˳ڲĽṹͼҲˡ
ڲԶԶⲿӵö࣬ҪЩʩߵϸĳ̶ˡ
ҶС罫ȫ޻û˳ºƣ˾Ƿͳ
޻£ҶС绹Ǻܷĵģ˵ˣһԻ˶ţȷǲʲô
ҶСŷǧͼֽ滮İ£ѡ׼˽ľص㣬Ѿػ滭
ȻмλһģһֲԶڰطĴ
е齻ҶС罫Ǹճ˵Ѿͷ˷ᰣȥˡ֪˵ΪҪȵͻƺ󣬾ԿԺɨˣΪʫ˵Ҳ˺Э飬ԸѪӰ塣
޽ĹߣǵΪܲƴĸһµʱŽɡ
ɵ˲䣬Ӱͻأһһ¾ҶС˫ĿҲһǰ
һ򣬾ƣ·Ѿ̴âγɵĹĻ
ɢ鿴һ¾˵ͷȫϣһ˿
˵ţĿͶҶС磬ƾҪˣĴܽңɡ
áҶС붼û룬һӾʹӦ
飬еҶСæµˣȫͶ룬ڱϿ̻ƣиͼֵȵȣⶫж̺ذȴһʱԿơ
󷨷棬Ͳ룬ҶС綨ȻУзâ֮²Էâ֮ȻڸϿ̻ٶȼ졣
ҶСȥʮʱɣٽڲҪֿ̻һ£ܹȥʮʱ䡣
һúҶСڴĿмϵЩơ
ҶСһ·һӹ˾ϣ⣬һ·ǻһ㣬˵
䡪
ͬʱ˲õĹâ໥ڽתĹâȴƽһ壬·ʲô


1918 Ϊ
Ƴױ󣬾Ϊһ壬໥ӦҲ໥һƬռҲ֪ǹʲô
ĲòûӰ쵽һУٽУӽܣ
Ѿһ£ĽȻҶСһһ
ȥ㡣˵һ䣬һȥҶСȥ
ӸһСŽ룬ֱӲ߲㣬һһ㣬һʮ㡣
ʮ㣬ܵǽϿ̻·Ϊ£һŦ֣ȻҪܡ
һͷָУѪɫķӡĺʫաָʾ£ҶС˫һâûǽڡ
Ƭ̺󣬵ʮǽϷһâ֯һ޴Ĺ룬Ȼ󽫺ʫУУǷӡķˣҲɢ
һúҶС罫ĿͶɻʵˣ
ˡͷ˵
ǽ˾ѵֻΪôһ㣿ҶСѯʵ
ⲻһ㣬ҪסһѾ˵겻ɢҪѺܶԲ˾οĹЧʲôЧҪȥ鿴ˡҶС˵
ҶСŵ˵ͷ
˱߳
ԥһ£ҶС˵󷨣ȫ˻˵죬Ը֡
ţһҾͲáҶС˵ͷ
ҶСһۣ뿪ˣҪŬָǰˮƽĿǰ˵Щα񾳸ֶŬǶͻƵ񾳣¡
ȻұҶСȻģúʫһ˿İȫ
ҶСˮƽ綼ûܹȵϣھΧǿػ󷨣¾α񾳸ҪƳ󷨻Ҫһʱ䡣
õĶźúҶСһֵıչأһ£ȫĵͶ뵽֮С
ûʱУΪܵʱ֮Ӱ죬ûа취׵磬
ҶС磬ʱѾûʲôˣܹٽһ
ҶС糹ױչغһһţŮһ˶Ŭѵ
ǰ˵Щˣٶȶܿ죬кܶ˶ɢޣȱĹ似Щ˲³Կ࣬ϡĿʯǲҩȵȶһ֣Ȼȡ似
Щ˵սΪҲವֱð
ȥﻹһУһһһ㣬ת۱ʱ䡣
ͨ˵ǸʱΣǶ֮˵Ҳôһ¡
ʱ䣬һ˺ܶĸ֣һ֣ܿ죬ϹӵΪѾͻƵʥأԶǵΪѾʥء
ŮǵΪҲѸ͵Ľѩ˵ΪΪͻǷù컯ͱõֶ̺عΪһǧΪ֮Ŀ
һΪҲѾͻƵʥأĽѩΪѾʥغڡ
ϵΪȫ˺Щ˵Ϊʱ̵ܶĽѩѾͻһֲ
ЩѧԱǵΪҲѸٵĿǰѾΪﵽʥصѧԱˣЩѾһʼĽһְλ
ȻһΪ˺ܶ࣬УЩʵҲļ졣
˵ҪǻĸŷԴЩһֵʵһһ仯Ǳмߵ츳ټľΪǹ¡
Щɢ޶붼ѾҶСһЩûʲô˼ɵģͲв
Դɽһ͵˺ܶ࣬һЩ˶㽫ǣȻڻеӡ󲢲ôãȻ˿˺٣ۣҶСδСȻ¼
ΪеǿԶΪҲڳα񾳣ûý͸棬춼У˭Ҳ֪ʲô
壬һʵҲǿޱȣһɱǳŨ
ѵһڲͬΪ̣һЩ˷һطȻЩɱʣĸ˲Ǹ֡
ַеһ㣬ĶУѡһ׺ݣһֻ
Ҳת˶һֵ棬һ˲ĽȻҲ֪Ժ˵¡Ȼһġ


1919 ʱͻ
ʱ䣬˵һ޴ķԾһ֣Ϊͻͽ˵ڽһٷչĽ׶Ρ
ȻȻϣһֶ໥ԡսȻǲΪʲôΪӡ֤Լع򣬹ͬͻơ
һ㣬ҲΪ˴һĸ֡
˸֮Ķ⣬ڲҲж֮ϲ򣬲дѡ
ڲҲжĶһĸֺһĸ֣Ȼ˵һӱͬȾУ˵Ҳռʲôˡ
ʱ䣬ҶСȻûбǣ飬·õĻһ㣬Զ
һһУҶСȻȶ˺һһ꣬Щһ·ż
˵أǣҶСΪģڵµЩһȻɣЩ궼ǰƮģȻµһģһ
ͻأ䣬·һεķ紵һ㣬ҶСϵĺһȫһأҰɫĳҲƮƺһҶСɢ

ͻȻ䣬Ƭڣеһ궼ΧҶСתһƺһǣһС
һֲԶСһСͮͮһĻ۾һϽ¥ȥͬʱĺ衭ְҪˡ
겻Сͮͮ˺ܶ࣬Ҳܶ£һΪѾأⶼҶСڲ˷ӡԵʣΪãԺߵĸԶҶСô
СͮͮĻľܿ㡢\ľ۹һͯ˳
ʱ䣬\ľ۹ѾˣȥͤͤȻ۾ȻѾʹˡ
Ϊ۾Եʣ޷ȥһΪʥأǿȴ˺ܶ౶սҲ˺ܶࡣ
⺢Ӿ֪ССͯСͮͮԴ谮˵ȻĿͶҶС硣
һУЩһ겻ϵΧҶС裬ҪҶСӰˡ
Ƭ̺ЩΧҶСΧЩһһɢ˿Щһﵽһȫֹˣ·Ƭճ׵һ㡣
ûжúЩһ·һ㣬йƮתۼ䣬Щһ˵طήһ
䡪
ҶСӣһӴϢ˫ĿбųǰնݺݵĲ΢Цĺڶγɡ
պ۾ȻŻָҶСվžһ죬·ǹڱ仯
ʱҶСǰԵı仯ϵģʱʸһɰ˸Ϣ
ŮһԵȴţҶСǰ߳һһӾͳŮǰ
ְ֣ҶСոճŮǰСͮͮ͸ϽС˹Сڴ֮ɫЩ˷ܡ
㻹ôҶССͮͮԴЦЦ㽫˻УСҲǰ֣ҲҶС绳С
ûмôС·𳤲һ㡣
ҶСһһϸĿŮˡ
࣬һʱ䣬ƽͯ˵
΢΢ͷĿͶ˺ľ۹ʱ¶һĨΣͬʱ̾һ۹ôˡ
硣ľ۹ǰҶС˹ϴſ֮ɫ
ҶС绹СʱһԴ࣬ܳ谮ӡ
ģһΪҵһ֮۾ҶС˵
š\ľ۹˵ͷ
С磬ǽȥ˵ɣʱͯЩ̫㡣
ҶС˵ͷŮһ߽˿СͮͮɳϣŮԡ
ôһʱչؿջ񣿡ͯѯʵдŨŨĹϵ
ʮҶȫˣʱͻƣԤеε췣ºܲ򵥡ҶС̧ͷ˿˵·ܹ͸졣
ûаնɹͯĵʵŮĿҲЩǡ
ҶСҡͷЦЦûаգǹ췣ܺƴӰ쵽ˣǱ˿Ҫͻˡ
Ѿȫʮµİȫ򣬲Ѿȫںһ𣬾ҪһֱͻƵʱͻȻ䣬оǱߴļµϢ·ʲô
ɢҶС㿴˱ѾͷΪʱͻƵʱӵǿкܶعֱͻƵα񾳡
ҶСĻŮһɻǲ֪飬˺ǲ⡣
Ҫͻ𣿡ͯ¶һĨâʵ
ǣһ˾ҪͻƵαˣʱһα񾳸ˡҶСЦЦ˵


1920 ͻ
ʵо仰û˵ʱһֻα񾳸֣ҲڱչУƾͻҲǺԶˡ
˭Ҫͻƣ㻹ŪôءͯҶСһۣƺҶС
ǺǣҲʲôܣеضѡͻƵһ仨ữΪΡҶСЦЦ˵
仯ΪΣȷ㲻˵իûͯ˵ľܿͿʵ
ʲôիΪŰǶܹݵأʲôܵģľҲȻܹǣȻΪΡ
ҶСôһ˵Ƕ˵ͷ
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬һǿޱȵƴб˳һƲһЩ˵ǰԵǴһƽͣ⣬ͬһ֭ˬдһ˻ζʵ
һ̼䣬һе˶ˣƣԼ֪иͻˣЩЩĽЩ˷ܣϾһʵӣҲйâ
֪˭ͻˣѵǷ𣿺ܶһ뵽ҶСͻˣһ󼤶
ڣŮҶС綼ֹͣ˵ƣҶСɨֻϿգһ޴İɫӨ͸Ļ仺һŮ¶
ŮӵһͷİɫͷȻͷǰɫģȴûиоκεĲг˾ôһպúʡ
ȫſʱȻΪһȹԶϣһȻ¶ޱȣˣŵ̡
ȥȥҶС罫еСͮͮŵһߣȻʧˣҪϽ뿪һȥããҪȻα񾳸ֵ췣٣Ϊ󷨵赲췣ʱ˵һ
֪ԼߺСͮͮСͣһܲĵӣƺԼˡ
ҶС˱ԲԶһ󷨽֮Уһ֣ͨҶСȷ˳ȥ
ΪոͻƵıʱˣϽͨҲ˳ȥ
һǧ⣬ããϣŮվգɢķ
ҶСӰԶҶС׼۲ŮӶ췣ʱߡ
˫Ŀµ״۶·ҪҶС翴͸ҶСϷ·һͿ͸ΪȣǰʱܹҶСǳڸѾˣ˵ҶС֮ľڲϵС
ϢѾԲˣӦҲҪͻ˰ɣЩȷʵֻܹܵҶСϵϢĶͷֲˡ
ǰѾԲˣͻƣµʱ򶯾е󣬻Ҫտһ¡ҶСЦЦ˵
˵ͷȻ֪ҶС˵ʲô˼Ϊ⣬ҶСͻƺΪ±ǻҪߣܶ˲Ը⿴ҶСųֶ붼֡
ʱڳֵĿҲΪ˱ͻƣܻܿǱߵļʣ췣֮Ҳ˵
α񾳸ͻʱһ̣ƶǺƴģеα񾳸ֶӦ
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ʱ򣬾֮Ϻƹһֻֻ޴˷£תۼǺ죬ɫһӰ˺ܶ࣬һ꼴һ㡣

ڱͻƵһ˲䣬һα񾳸һӸӦˡ
ʱڰ׼Ϊͬʱӣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ˡ
ϱߡ
һ򡣡
᲻ҶС磿
һ˵һ䣬ȻǶܻҶСͻˣûͻƵʱҶСսǿޱȣͻƣ֪жôοҶС綮󷨣ս֪жǿ
Ǳȥһα񾳸˵
Ҫ𣿡һα񾳸΢΢ԥһ£ʵ
϶ҪߵģǣǹҶС⣬Ȼڻ֪ǲҶСͻƣǿԽԼĲ³˵ȥȻ
ãô졣һα񾳸˵
ֹͣ˼߳ңȻһڣϣһӣϵƱǰޱȣϵα񾳵ľˡ
ôʱͷѾָˣ˺ɫΪҶСʱ򲻸ߵԭҪȻָ
ʲô£·о˵
α񾳸ԥûлشƺʲôһ㡣
˵ɣʲô飿˵͹ٴδ
α񾳸ָϽ˵ǸղŸоϱͻƵα񾳣Ǹصһ򣬺пҶСͻˡҲҪͻˡ


1921 иֹע
ꡪ
ϣֻͬʱ˷ĩȻһı֮ɫһ
ʱϵƺǰǿ̫ˣͻҲǺԶˡ
˵ʲôпҶС磿ŭУϻصƺһ˺ѷεķŭ
ȻһɽɽۣҶСˣûзΪʥ۷ΪʲôȵһͻƣԽҶСڽŵ£ȴ˿ҶСͻˣôܹŭ
˵ҪȥһҪնɱһɳһʮֿµġһα񾳸ֽ
ߣȥɫ΢ÿһЩ˵
α񾳸ֵ˵ͷȻͬʱ뿪ǰһǱߡ
ȻͻƵϢҲα񾳸ֲˣÿһ嶼ǰҲα񾳸٣ҪʲôͻƵġ
һһƬУƲϵķ·ʲôŮӾվգһžһ˿ء
ֻݾ໯ΪαΪοΪͻƵα񾳣췣Ȼʮǿ
ˡʱעܶҶС˵Ҳ¶˳֮ɫܹоźüǿϢʸα񾳸Ѿˡ
ʱԶüǿϢӿ⼸ϢҶСǳϤα񾳸ֵϢ
оҶСһɷŭͺɢǣʫô£ȻЩѾͨˣɱҶСˣ侲
ҶСӣ΢΢һ̾

ҶС˼£Ȼָ˹ҲһʱʮѾﵽԲҪͻƣʱԣȵͻʱնɱһ֮ʱ
һͣԶǿ췣һŮʱһ
УǸֻҪҶСͳɣҶСͻƣҶСԸⲻʲô
ҺòҶС磬ҪȻǻҪһ򡣡һα񾳸˵
֪Ůһˣѵһˣһα񾳸˵
ӦǣһҪҪƻһα񾳸
Ƕ˳ĬУ·˼µס
ˣֻҪҶСͻƾû£Ǳ̫ˣҸͲġǳֵĻ»ḶܸߵĴۣĴԸһոͻƵˣͲ㡣һα񾳸ҡҡͷ
һֱûзʲôޱĶҶС磬·ҪҶСһļס
ʱк˲٣ͻƵĲҶСʱȷʵһΪҶСȻ츳ȴûǿҲûܵõ˾ԲԼͻƵ硣
ߣҶС磬ͻƺһÿк޺޵ȫҶСΪں˾УҶСÿҶС绹ÿأ
ʱѾ£һ׵У̺սҶСһע˱ɵŮϣһעȫα񾳸ϣ˭֪ǻ᲻췣ͻȻ֡
ɹ췣󣬶Ȼһڣα񾳸ͻȻֵĻȻɿµĴˣҶС絹ǲôģϾһЭĴڣǶ˼ɡ
ǰ֮ڱŮȫϴ񣬷·ֲݱֲϢȫʧ
׵֮£ϵϢҲΪƴ
һ׵Ľ٣ҲڲϵŮȻӦԡ
췣Щ˵ߵĳͷǶЩ˵ȴϴ񣬵Ȼⶼȡͻ֮˵ʵл۵Ļ
Ѿв׵֮ˣŮҲǰǰݣÿζǾĺɢ׵֮
ԽǵҶСԽǾ衣
䡪
һ׵羹ȻգһֵȫһһӾͽŮϡ
һӱ˺Уǵ׵ҶС綼оЩ

ŮӴӺˮг˳ȫڣʮֵǱ
磬ñŮˣҲ̫أǱϿЩÿϾȫһƬɫͷҲ˽ɫ
췣ѾȥˣպѹѹƲѾɢȥα񾳸ֶȥҲȥ
˶Ϊ˿˭ͻƣͻƵ˲һǶԴķʽҲһ
ܵܵĸֶѾȥҶСһ


1922 С
췣ɱĿʼŮӾգһ·һȫӿڡ
ֹһӵʱ䡣
ǡ
һϸ΢ϴֻڵƤϣѳһѷ죬һɴĿĵɫâѷɢ
תۼ䣬ǲɫƤ䣬¶ѩ׼ǼǱѩѻһ㣬ӨйâתһɫСȹʳȺ绪
ղ췣ĵʼָһɺ֮ɢ·ܹƬռһ㡣
ҶС˾ĵȴţ˰Сʱʱ䣬һγɵĺʧ
Ů˫ĿһɫâųǰնҪˣһĻҶС簵զ࣬α񾳸ֵǿ
ʱŮĿͶ˹Ŀдһ˿ĺ֮ɫһ·ӽһ㣬ҶСǰ
ллǡŮӿһЦ˿ҶСֱ˵
ر߰СŮ
񲻹Цû˵ʲôҶС絭һЦ˵ÿ
ҲǣǶԼˡŮͷ˵ͻȻ䣬·Ƿʲôһ㣬۾һ
ۣǱ˺öడŮӿȪеķ˵һž˷ܡ
һĻҶСԴϲ˺ߣŮӿͲʮ˾ŮӣǸСӡ
ѵֻ߰꺢ӵ̣ҶСػƶϣϾŮǱ˼벻Ҳ֮С
ͻȻ¶һ˿֮ɫȻĿͶҶС磬ҡҶСĸ첲˵磬ȥǱ߰ɣ
ȥҲ硣ҶСһΣװ˵
磬һȥŮӾȻʼ
֮䲻̫죬οͻƣȸһһòãҶСһȰ˵ӡ
ҸоҺ죬Ҹ硣ŮͣһܲӿҶС硣
һӣҶСһԼҪһˡ
ΪһξѪžСʱ
ҶСΪŮӶôף·Ѿ϶һ㡣
һξѪѾǵĹϵһ𣬿ŮӺܲӣҶСε˵ԺһȥһҪҵĻҪȻҾͲһȥˡ
úúáŮӸ˵ǸСһ㡣
һӣҶСͷԷų˵壬ȴСӵǣΪ鷳ˣȻ֣Ȼ뽫ϵŪĺֻܹܽͬ⡣
˿ˣҶС˵ͷӰʧˡ
뿪ҶСֻô˴Ĳ鷳ȥȪУΪ˷ڼ䣬Ůһ֣ͽҶСҲԸⲻԸ⡣
һĺӣУԵʮֵĺ棬һ·ƣ￴ʲôԵüΪĺ档
治ҪؼҶСҶСǸҶС粻˵ĻᷢСƢҶСƲѡ
󲻵ѣҶСֻҪ˺ܶóԵĶס͡
һʱ䣬ҶСȪзĵطһ飬ϣȥҪеѤĵƹ⡣
ҶС粻ɨˣһһȥ
ҶСһ˲ܹһ£ŲĥĥķС
磬Щôô
Ϊе硣
ʲôǵ磿
һ
Ŷ磬ǲͻ
ôòãǸϽ˯ȥɣЩȥһ·ϣȻͣķʣҶСʮơ
Ȼһ֣Ҳһ鷳
硭
˵ϸϽҲҪͻΪµʱлǸʱҪѻ˴ܡ˵ʲô㱻ҶС˻
ҶС仰۾һһȤӣʮŵ˵ĺ˸磬һὫ˴ܵġ
԰ϱúԼʵﵽ۷״̬췢Щ˸ûУǵʵܿ£㲻ŬͿΣˡҶСһٵ˵
Ǻðɣһȥúĵ˵ͷ
ǧľ룬ʮӵʱ䣬ٶȾţ
ҶС磬һո߽ҶСͷСͮͮͣžӨỨԼһίӡ
ӣҶСϽڻаοһſǵҶСĸ첲ʱ۾¶һ˿֮ɫ·ҶС类һ㡣
һĻҶСʮֺЦСӶǿҵռԼĶԲó˷


1923 ʼͻ
գҶСվããУƺ׼ʲôԶ˸վһ¶֮ɫ
һŮۼ¥Уǿһ޴ĻĻϾʾҶСʱվյľǽ߿ƼƷģʮӽת
Ƕ֪ҶСҪͻˣͻƲǽͻƵαô򵥣ֱӿԽһͻƵ񾳡
ֿԽʽͻƣ췣ȻǺƴޱȵģŻ˵ĹעͬʱҲΣأΣ췣磬Щ֪ҶСҪͻƵ񾳣»ֱӳƻûԸ⿴һ֮ϡ
ղͻǰҶСѾƬв˷ģӦԷֹʲôͻ¹ʷ
ҶС罫ĿͶȻ˵ͷջĿ⡣
䡪
һɿֲϢһɫһɫ֣һʮɫʮɫȾռ䣬·ռж˲ɫޱŲӡ
ʮɫ֮໥תĺ϶Ϊһγһεɫ˿·Щɫȫʧ
һ̼䣬ǹεȫҶСڣҶСͬʱıҶСͥеӤ
ͻưɣҶСһɢһ΢ͻƵ
䡪
ͻأ䣬ضˣһӹȫûҶСڣͬʱԲǧڣ֮ҲӿҶСգʱҶС翴ȥһڶա
Щһӿ̫֮Уһӿÿһϸϸṹ
֮ȫΪʱǰҪ߳ʮ࣬ЩֱΪ֣һ־ĳתӤУһָǶṹһȻǽ˵
ϵԽԽǿ󣬼ת˲ͻƵα񾳣α񾳺ǹϢȻ·ҪԶֹǡ
ʱһɺƴٶ£Ѳһ㣬ƬռкɨȻҶСϡ
һ̼䣬˶ܵһǿޱȣ޷ÿ˶ͷһƺ֪ʲôɫ׷һ䡣
Ҫͻˣѵֳһα񾳸֣
һ̫ˣ治֪˭ͻƣȻܹ콵־
ӦһǱߵķѵһҪһα񾳸ֲɣ
ǿ󰡣Ȳ˵Ҷʹα񾳸ֵֵǼ롣
ܶ۷׷ףǶѾ£Ҫ˭ͻơ
ˣոձչزһʱ䣬־٣һӱˡ
˭˭ͻˣȻ˿µһ̼䣬вƽˣи֣ﻹܹܣǽҪͻƣжЩˡ
һ˲ʧչصĵطֵʱ򣬱һˣУα񾳸ѾǵɫҲÿ
鵽ͻƵĲĿһɨ˵
α񾳸໥һۣɫЩԥһ˿˵ϱߣһǱߡ
ʲôһǱߣɫصС
α񾳸ּȻһǱߣôͲǱˡ
ȥȥһα񾳸ѯʵ
û˵˫ȭգ֪źܶ࣬ãһֲŴбųߡ
һ˻źöʥصĸǰȥҪȡʩˡ
һи֣α񾳸з׷ǰʥ۷֡
෽滹ҵǰʹһǰִα񾳸ֻкܶαǿǰ
תۼ䣬ֶۼһһ
ЩֿͻƵҶСʱһɫ䣬һӢŤһţѿޱȣʱļȵĲƽ
ʧǿߣҲԴûͻƣҶСôƶĵطȻͻˣܹܵˡ
ȻͻơѪӰα񾳸ź⡣
һ̼䣬˶о˾޴ѹЩαǿߣЩУЩʱˣЩʱˣһϹŶģҶСأ̫ˡ
ʮܹǱȼ磬츳һŰ
˼û뵽ȻߵһŹâ˵
ĸְｻţǶϣôһλ콾һҶСĳɳ磬ﻹֵܹš


1924 ֮
֮ϣƹһֻֻŷ֮תۼ䣬ƬռͱΪ˺ҹƺƴȫڵ˸оޱѹ֡
ǾԲܹôͻƣҪȻǵĴ󻼡һα񾳸ɫصĿ˵
ҶСϸоŨŨв·ҶСʱʵҪǿܹľ˭ҲԸ
⻹˵˵ǻƺЩͷѾҶСв̫ˣΪҶСûͻα񾳣ڣҶСͻˣоǱһơ
Ҫǳ췣ûн٣ȽնɱҪȻ췣󣬾͸ѶԸˡһα񾳸˵
һԼ侲Ȼ󻺻˵ʲôõİ취ǳֵĻŮӱ赲οҶСѾͻˡ
ǿȥˣҲԸ⿴ҶСͻơα񾳸˵
¾ͽȥɣα񾳸ֹ˵Ȼ㰵α񾳸ִǹͬҶС֡
ȻҵֵĶǽα񾳸֣ȻìܣϾʧ罵ٵġ
ҶС츳ʵ̫ˣһͻƣ¾ûʲôˣ˱նɱһԸǾα񾳸ִ
츳ȷʵ£ܹĸǵĸΪҪȥأ֪ǺìܣһǾӦԴΪءԷ
α񾳸дα޳ܣȥҶС磬ȴƫƫһ²ؼӡ
ȻҲܹףҶСͶԷûʲôֱӳͻ붼Щһ֣ǾͲһˣնɱҶСҪŮӣҶСǲŹǵġ
ͨһ飬һûдӦҲûзԣһƺǵĵȴǳֺȻ֮ҲһҶСǳ
ϵ˼α񾳸֣ǶŹ̬ȣα񾳸ѡ
ҲǣǶҶСûʲôʵԵĳͻȻ֣Ҫֶ֡
ôα񾳸ɫ̫ÿɵѯʵ
ǶѣҪȳ֣ǵ֣ҶСǵʵα񾳸ϴ֮ɫ˵
û˵ĿͶҶС硣
ʱһѾͬƻ裬ǺѹѹƲ㶼·Ҫ£ǹھ֮ϵѹúܶ˸оķң·ʲôµҪһ㡣
ô£ڻھ£췣ûн٣
˵츳Խǿˣֵ췣Խǿڿ췣ӡ
Ȼ£ܶ¶ֻ֮ɫ·ҪҶС类ǿ׵֮ĩ龰
Χ˵ۣҶС˿ûע⵽ȫĵͻƣϵϢԽԽǿѾͨα񾳸ֵķ롣
䡪
ͻȻ䣬ҶСһǿķâ֮ǰһӶ˺ѹѹƲ㣬к£һǡýҶС֣һ̼䣬ҶС翴·һս
ҶСϵķâ֮ͷδֹͣ·ֱӹᴩ˿ռ䣬һ硣
һ̣ҶСڷ˾޴ı仯ÿһϸһƱѾӰĽ׶αΪ˾ʵ壬ǿķâ֮ɢ
֮塭
ͻȻ䣬һƺ𺳲š
ʲôȻѾ֮塣ܶмʶ˷׷׾ƺʲôŵһ㡣
֮壿ʲôʵ
֮˽Լ˸һǿ󣬾ǸΪߣƾ֮嶼ܹα񾳸ֶԿˣ˵֮廹ֻʲôû֪ˣϾ֮弫Ϊѣûܹɹɫص˵
ҶС֮Ϊ֮壬ǻ֮ͨ壬֮壬Ϊñɢķâ֮壬һ֮Ϊǿ󣬸
鷳ˣҪԸ²̫ˣֻ췣ˡҶСϵķâ֮գһα񾳸ֿɬһЦ
û뵽ҶС羹ȻȻ۳֮壬֮壬һǿΪˣնɱЩȫ֣ҲһܹҶСնɱ
⻰ɫѿˣɫˣǶ̾һЩʣЩµ˾ȻһëͷСӡ
µͻƺ磬ûܹѹƵס
ǰһҪˡ
һЩ̾˵ǿҶСĿ⸺ޱȡ


1925 񾳵ǿ
ҶСʵӣܶɫÿж¶һĨ֮ɫ˭ҲԸ⿴һӵܱЩϹŶΪҪǿ󣬸ο֮ٻЩìܡ
ʱҶСϵķâ֮Ϲâתϸ΢ĺɢ˷·һ壬ȥľ
ǹɷâ֮ոʱһɿֲޱȵƴڱ˳һһλ߸ϸ
˵һֲжһҪĤĸо
ʱİĤ޷ģα񾳣Ҳ˵ǰ񾳽磬ÿдﵽ񾳣񾳲ǳ񾳣һһȻһȴ
һ𾪡
¡
ؼ·ĳֶһ㣬¡¡죬絽ĩգ֯ع򶼲Īı仯ƺƣֻĳ
֮ϣƸǾҵķתۼ䣬ī·𳹵׵ı˺ҹ
һ̼䣬ҶС񹦳׵ͻ˵ڰ˲㣬͵ͬǿߡ
ǧĵһ񾳸֣ض˾޴ı仯ǹı䶯з·ʲôĶ
顭񾳡һֺݺݵһĭ˵ǲ֮ɫ
ôôܣôһӾͻƵ񾳣ߵα񾳸˵Ҳһӱˡ
ʱΧе˶ˣû뵽ҶСͻƵĲα񾳣ͻ磬ֱ̫ˡ
ҶСͻƵʱ˶оˣһּΪصĸӦ
ʲôȻͻ磬ĪǵȻһͻƲɣŹâҶСһ̼䣬Ҳƽˡ
ȻҶС⣬ܶ˶֪ҶС֣ûӣϾʱ񾳸֣ʥ۷ͨ˸ûʲôֱֻе˰עʸ
Ȼû뵽ǣ˾ȻֱͻƵ񾳣̫ˡ
˵ղЩ˻ѶҶСֵĻôھϵ˶ҶС֡
ܶ˼塢α񾳸к
ѾǲΣˣΣˣһˣﶼƽɫѿ˼㡣
ҶСͻƵα񾳣оͼȵĲƽ⣬οͻƵ񾳣иΪƽ
ΪʲôΪʲôı񾳸ֵΪڻûͻƣҶСأһûʲô˾Ȼͻˣڣ
֪е룬˴ôα˶ͻƣǸûˡ
ʱҶСΧЩ֮һȫӿڣϢѾȶǺƴ룬Χ˶һҲٲˡ
Ƕ룬ҶС绹ջƣò˶ãǶݹݡ
ꡪ
֮ϣһõ绮Ƭڵʣ·罫Ƭռָ롣
һͻأƲĵҫͷ·Ӧһ㡣
ҶСɨһԶΧˣգҶС綼ܹ
ɱңҶС罫ĿͶ˵дЦЦı顣
ҶСһһ·ҶСڶǳһ㡣
ҶС磬㲻Ҫ⣬Ҳûʲô˲ģʧ񾳸һһѵģӡѾѣò˶ãʧ񾳸ֽ٣Ҳ񾳸ֽ١ߣһα񾳸ɫ˵
ȻӲ˭ܹóûек£Щΰˡ
ʧʲôֽ٣α񾳸֣ҵĶ֡ҶСƽ˵ȻĿͶɽɽ۵飬һֱš
ҶСĻֱӺ岽дǿҵĺ⣬һĨ֡
ҶС磬Ҫʲôα񾳸ͬʱ赲ҶСǰʥظߺҲҲ룬·ҶСǳ֡
ҪʲôһǶΪᡣҶС˵˫ĿųһɿֲޱȵƱ
ۡ
һȫһѪɫ԰ޱȣα񾳸Ҳһ˺ء
ƽα񾳣Ǹ·˶ǣû˸ƷǣڣҶСƾѹȵˡ
񡢹񣬻弸α񾳸֪񾳵ǿǲûʲô֮ȴ𾪵˼㣬õα񾳸ֶֿס˼һ񣬿֪ҶС


1926 ֲ췣
ƻһ˺ҶСͣûٶ֣붯֣Ǵʱ֮ϣһɺƴѾ
ҶСûٶ֣һ˲һα񾳸ȴź⡣
ҲһҲҶСǶ֡
ʱ֮ϣ׵ͻͣĪѹƵһƬռ䡣
췣ţ·Ҫ۳ǿޱȵĹҪҶСɷĩ⡣
䡪
ãһɫâ׵֮һ׵л̺һַϢǿƳһС
׵磿
Ȼ췣
Χ𾪵ĿŽµ׵֮ν׵֮в׵֮ô򵥣̺ԣԵ׵֮ΪǿָͨԶԿ
⣬ҶС羹Ȼܹ˺ƴ췣һ뵽ҶС䣬ǱȻˣܹԲʮ֮ͻƵ񾳣ֱ췣Ҳ֮С
һ׵һҶСϣһƻǿޱȵܽҶСڣƻṹֻһεķâ֮΢΢㽫ǹɢˡ
ҶСһӱ㽫ǵ׵֮ɢԶЩα񾳸ֵɴ۾ܹǺ鼸ʮεôҶС绯Σ֤ҶСʵǿˡ
䡪
ڶ׵罵ٶ£һ׵֮Χһ˿ɫ·̺Ų̺ľԵ
̺ľԵǿ׵ոӿҶСڣһ߸ƻһӶҶСڵ
һӾ̫̫֮֮һӽǹȫˡ
ûйӵʱ䣬һ׵֮ٶ£һ׵̺֮ˮԣɢԿȻˮһԱ䡣
䡪
һ׵֮ҶСϣҶСʱͱˣһܣԶԶȥ·õķᱮ
һĻһУŮСͮͮҲĵĽŰְ֡
ΧЩα񾳸֣ϴֻ֮ɫ·ҶС类Զס
ϾҶСΪ̫߳ˣ⵽˵ļʡ
ǡ
һ΢ҶСϴһҶСĶıȫʧ
ǰ׽ٵľ飬Ӧ̺ŻԵ׵Ȼˡ
ĵ̺Ե׵ٺ˳һˣԲʮڣϣնȼֲޱȡ
Χ˶оֳȵϢ߽ȥ»˲ɷĩ
ܻϨҶСȻȻվǻûжκ˺
͵ΪԵ׵ͷԵ׵׵֮ҲûжҶС˺
һĻΧ˶΢΢̾һǶϣҶСܹ췣֮ˣֱϧĿǰҶСʵ̫ǿˡ
ߵ׽٣Ѿʮˡ
ͻȻ䣬ûκף֮ϣһƬ߲֮ɫɲǼ䣬һ߲׽ٱ㽵ҶСϣû׼
ߵ׽ٵǰҪǿһ޷
䡪
ҶСһӱããϺˮʮɣΪƴ
Ůһ󾪺ȭգڵҶСİΣ
ΧЩ¶ڴɫϣҶСˡ

ҶСӺˮгȻվգƤһ˿ڣɫЩ΢ףûı仯
ʱƯһƬʬ壬ղǿֲ˺ˮУЩֱˡ
ǰߵ׽ٶûжҶС˺ʱ֮ϵĺƸǾҵķǷŭ
Сʱʱ󣬵ڰ˵׽ٽٶ£һ׽ٸͲͨ׽٣۳˳׽١
׼ҶС绹һ׽£ʮɣɫҲ԰˼֡
һ׵֮γɵĳݺҶС¡
ơ
ܵһ׽ٵǿҶСһһȭһ׽ֱӱɢˡ
һ̼䣬ҶСӰޱȣȥɽһ
ĺü׽ٶ׵֮۳ɵıҶС粻Щ׽ϣѡ˶ԿҲûа취Щ׽̫ǿˣҶСֻҪ֣ҪȻԻˡ
䡪
ʮ׽׵֮۳ı£ǿߵȫһƣֱҪҶСء
ҶСһα˺ˮУ˺þãŴӺˮгʱȫȫ˿ڣ·һѪˣ쳣ҡ
һĻΧЩα񾳸¶һĨϲɫ·ҶСԽԽǸˡ
ʮ׽̫ˣҶСһˡ


1927 
֮ϣƹߣȫҶСͷƬռ䣬·Ҫ۳ǿ׵֮һ㡣
ҶСһ߰ԵϢһߵȴŵʮ׽ٽ١
Ȼʮ׽ٻûн٣ҶСȴܵһǿγɣؽ롣
ҶС̧ͷȥ˫Ŀõ˼µĹâ·ܹеһС
ֻУЩ׵֮Ȼ۳һӰЩӰȻģȴɢǿޱȵϢ񾳸ֵϢ
һĻҶСһأɲǲӣЩ׵γɵӰʵǿޱȣʵҲŸոմﵽ񾳶ѣô׵γɵӰΣ
䡪
׵γɵӰ콫ҪַҶС档
ɱ
䣬кҶСĿ΢΢һƳиǳˣЩ׵γɵӰʮ˵Ҳ˵Ҫʮ񾳸ֵĹ
һµЩ׵γɵӰϴҶС繥
ɱ
ҶСҲһһâ֮·ܹƳһУȭǿȭͷγɡ
Ȼն£Ƭռʱֳ룬Щ׵֮γɵӰȫնУºϲһ
ʱҶСһȭƬؾҲ··ҪҶС顣
һȭȭᴩգһƬռ飬ȻЩ׵γɵӰ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ̺пֲ
ɱ
ԼԼĺɱԾ֮ϴݶ£һȻ󣬷·ܹӰ˵־
ҶС˫Ŀⲻһַâ֮һȭϹЩٵ׵֮γɵӰ
䡪
Щ׵֮γɵӰٶ£ҶСǿޱȵĹײһС
ҶСһӱ׷ɳʮ๫ľ룬Ѫ䣬ȫһ̿ޱȡ
վգһΧ֮һ׼Եʮߵ׽١
ͻȻ䣬ҶС΢΢һ㶣漴һϲ֮ɫڶʮ˷عʮ˵׵֮γɵӰعĸ
Ȼղŵ쳣գо˾޴ΣջȷʵΪḻģҪ֪ˣջʮ˷ݶعĸ򣬴׵ڻͨ󣬸Щع򣬱Ķ
ʱʱ䣬һݾϲѹרĵĵȴŵʮߵ׵֮
ǲܹôȥһҪնɱҪȻȵɹ췣󣬱նɱǡҶСѾɹʮ췣һα񾳸ֽ˵
Щ׽УǻѾ֪췣һʮ˵׽֮Ҫˣǲòǰǡ
ҪնɱǾҪĸ취ˡ˵ƺɫ
໥һۣȻͬʱҧͷ˵ֻҪܹնɱǸǵֺη
ãǵĹҶµģǵĺһõԴĿ˵
лޱȹ˵дһ˿ľȻ
ĵĵȴţȴҶСĶ췣
¡¡
ʱ֮ϣһҵֻ׵֮һӰѹ˹Ӱ֮ռȫҶСҲѳһѷ죬ǴҪһ㡣
ն
ҶС˫շâֱ֮£·Ҫ׵֮γɵӰֳ롣
䡪
׵֮γɵӰһζ·ҪıҶСֳһ㣬ˣҶСֳַâ֮ٶն£Ǹ׵֮۳Ӱһӱ㱻ֳ롣
ʱƴֲк¡
Ըԡ
ҶСǿ£춯·ǹͷȫѹһ
ۡ
ѳһѷ죬·Ҫѿһ㣬ѪΧһ˷ܣҶСˣһ͵췣٣˭֪ܹܲס
һĿУŮҶСһѪӣסȭͷһüĿǵ֮ɫСͮͮỨС촽ϵʲô
õʮߵ׽ٵڽˡ
Ȼ䣬û˼ףһɫ罵£ٶȼ죬ҶС綼ûзӦ
һɫһӾͽ뵽ҶСڡ
һĻ˸ӸղǵɫȻֻпӴϸ̺ޱǿǷ·𿴵ҶС类ǵɫһĻ
ȻڴһĻûгֻ֣ҶС˫Ŀպϣ΢΢ɫʹŤţƺڳʲôһ㡣
һɫͲǶƻǶӤӤͻƵ񾳣ԺеӤ׵ɱ䣬ΪӤ
ɫֱӳͥռУӤ·ҪӤ顣
Ӥںɫ½Сȴˣ·ι˺ܶࡣ
ҶСɫÿ˺֮ܶ࣬ϵĺƸ˷ɢȥ
һ̼䣬˶֪ҶСɹ췣Ѿ񾳸ˡ
߰ɣЩ֡ĸַ׷ȥֻһվûж


1928 ֲɫӰ
֮ϺʧԶ˶֪ζ췣ҶС硣
Ҷ䡣
Ҷ̫ǿˡ
һһһӿ
Щһɫÿһʮַŭӡ
Ҫǻ߰ɣҶС˫Ŀպϵӣһα񾳸
Ŀα񾳸֡
ǲǲ֣ڻûжǾֵĻԺƿĺܲα񾳸ָϽ˵
ȻĻﲻһ棬һҲǲԵ޹ʵȥϾлĻᣬ˭أ
ĿαһۣȻ˿ˣǶ뿪˼˵ͷ˵ðɣ
ʵҲ뿪ΪѾӰһҶСľֿ־壬ղ֮α񾳸֣նɱҶС磬һ뵽˵ҶСȽնɱ㿪ʼ
һнʮ׼뿪ǸոմԽռ䣬ͻȻ䣬һɿµռӿתֻصԭλá
һΪǶ𣬡𣿡
ǿȥֻһ⣬ҶСĿǣĿϬ·ҪǾնɱ
ʱҶСϵЩѷ춼Ѿˣڵļȫ£¶˾Ө
ҶС磬ҪʲôѵҪڴ֮ͥ¶Ƕֲɣһα񾳸ɫĴȵ·ͲҶС磬ǲǺ֮
ûж췣֮ǰҶСƾʾˣο췣ȫһɱ䣬֮ǰΪǿˣôܹ¡
ȻҶСˣȻǶ֡
ʲôһΪᡣҶС˵
ҶС绰£ſһɿֲޱȵǵؾ·Ҫ˶Ȼ
ô£ҶôͻȻǳ֣
׷ʲô飿
ûղҶҪΪ˭ȥᣬһնɱҶҪˡ
ҶСͻȻǶ֣Χ۷׷ס
ۡ
ҶСǿĹЩʥصĸȳܲסǾ޴ѹȫѣɢȫ
α񾳸ҲһѪҺһɫâ֣赲סҶСϵĹ
ΪɫâܹҪȻǸ
ҶС˫ĿɢĹâϵĽɫâһɵ־ʱЦһʧĺ̨ͦӲģȻһ
ҶС磬ⲻ˶ãĳ֮գҲ֮աһα񾳸¶˷֮ɫǺ⡣
֮Ѫᴩʱգ׼١α񾳸˫ѪųγһķģڻˣΪһǿ
һһķںһ𣬱ŷµΰ
¡
һ죬һâ·ᴩʱһ㡣
һα񾳸һߵǸѪɫϿգͻȻȼΪ˴
һǿޱȵĹأ·Ҫͨʲôһ㡣
һĻɫ䣬Ͻֹǣöý׼ʧֵ١
˵ţ˹˻Ϊһ»ԣҲ˹ҪֹһС
ٺ٣ˡһα񾳸ɭһЦһӳǸѪɫϣҲȼΪǿ
α񾳸ֶֶΣ˿µһֱ
ʱҶС硢˵ĿֲﵽѪɫڵƬռֱӺˣеһжΪա
ˣһƬռûʲô仯ʱҶС
ʱͻأ䣬ҶСоһǿҵΣһΣա
˲֣һƶǧ֮⡣
ǡ
֮ϴһ΢
ҶС磬ʣα񾳸ֿЦҶСǺ⡣
ʱһӾ֮Ͻٶ£ӿתۼ䣬һγһɫӰ
һӰ޴ޱȣ·ڵס˰Ļϣޱȣһ̼䣬Уܶ˶ڲһ̫ǿˡ
ҶС磿һɫӰָ߸ϵʵȫͿò
Ҿǣ˭ҶС˫ĿһʵܹǰɫӰֲޱȣʵǿ̫̫ࡣ
ȻѾɳֵز㲻ˡɫӰûлشҶСĻ·ǲмڻش𣬻˵ҶСûʸ֪


1929 
Ļո£һֻɫֱĶ£һɿµΰΰֱƬռˣһԳһƣ·Ƭռеعȫƿһ㡣
ҶСгǿҵΣУȲ˵ˣǲˣҲͶԿˣһǿˣοжǿ
ơҶС缱æһ˷·ΪһһɿնһеҪն
ǡ
ⷽصĺܶع˿߶ҶСնˣһڳһССȱڡ
ҶС붼û룬Ϊһ⣬ʹȱڳ˳ȥ
Ȼһ˿֮׶ΣӲܹˡ޴ĽɫӰ𾪵˵ɭɭ
һֻȻǰݺƳһɿֲ˼µΰƵһȫݻΪ˻硣
ãܵǿҵΣҶСаͬʱٶȸ˺ܶ౶ȻȻǶ㲻Էһ
ۡ
һǿޱȵһӽҶСΧĿռȫ˻磬һѪⷽҵƮѪ˷ȥ
ΪҶС֮壬Ѿҷ
ȻӲɫӰĿ˵ӱˡ
ͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ãƬؼĹѹ̫ˣҪʧˣһƣߡ
ٴҶСĳһƣɫĹâޱȣֲޱȵⷽն¡¡죬·һƬȫ
ǵɫӰʧ
ۡ
ҶСٴαķ˳ȥããȥϷ·Ѿû˭Ҳûע⵽һεƮɢ˳ȥ·ƮɢƬء
ߡҶСʣΨһһα񾳸ָϽһ͵뿪ٲ뿪¾ҪնɱˣȻһıǿҲֲ֧˶á
źȥҶС磬ɫΪ䣬ղҪȻҶС缰ʱߣѾˡ
ɫӰʵ̫ǿˣѹǶˣ޷ȥҶС硣
һӳҶСǰҶС籧ͻȻ䣬ɫ䣬ɫΪѿ
ʱҲҶСɫҲ䣬ҡҡҶС磬е硭硭
ôҡΣҶСûѹ
ýˣѲˣȫľȫѣӤҲֻʣһơɫӵ˵
㣬ûа취Ⱦȸ硣ȻСǣѾҶС磬Ϊѹǲġ
û˵üͷ·˼ʲôһ㡣
ʱһеŮ֪ҶСղһٺЩ΢СԶͷȫƻˣǸûпЩ
ȻûпﶼһֲõԤС
ͻȻ䣬ռ΢΢ֻ֣ҶСѪıš
һĻŮɫ䣬һɫò԰ޱȡ
С硭
ŮΧ˹ȥһɫŵĽ֮ɫ
СͮͮСҲǵģĽеְְ֡֡
峺۾ˮСץҶСĴҡҡģΪġ
ҶСôжѣڵҲǶ϶ޣŮʶ˴顣
㣬СôˣĽѩʮֵĽŵĿʵ
񾳸һ٣񾳸ֵʵС磬СϾһ󲿷֣һסһ˿ͥУӤҲƮɢһ룬ֻһ˿˿һصš񻺻˵˵˸С
ĻŮɫǲ԰ˣһ˫Ŀʧȥɣ·һʧȥĳ֧һ㡣
㡣ûа취С磿Ľѩһ˿ϣѯʵ
ûʲô취ǵΪȫָа취ֻܹԼҲ漣˵˵漣һ޷鿴
Ȼ鿴ʱָͲʲôоȷȷʵʵڣܹ졣
Ľѩ΢΢ζһվȵӡ
Ŀһɨ˿Ůӣ˵ܻϣģϣܹһѪСȽҰɣ
ϣҶС˲ʧ
һĵشǰ֣ҶС绺˽ȥҶС߲㣬濪ٳһռ䣬ȻҶС˽ȥ
˫йââ۳ɵ˿ߣҶСϣһкͣˡ
ûʲô취㣬ֻܹԼ컯ˣģڣһ򲻻ʲôġ˺ܾҶСŻ˵
̾һȻʧˡ
֪ǣʧһӰҶСͥð
һӰҶСӣֻȭͷС·ʱҪɢһ㣬ȴһεš
ʱЩҶСϵ˿ȫһӰϣ·壬רűһ˿Ӥ


1930 Ӧ
˵ҶСѾûϢˣ
ĹڣһҰסһ˿ŵ۾һʵɫƺЩš
ղһ־֮ɫϣ˪˵ӣȥ쳣׵ıҶСˡ
Ƿϣα񾳸ֱ㿪˵ҶС֪ѾħǸħҶС硣
ǵģһԺ񾳸۷֮ҲޣҶС罫ԼѾ쵽֮壬׻ٻڲȻȫݻ١α񾳸ֺŵ˵
ȷţЩĵʵ
ȷţѵŲ𣿡α񾳷ʵ֪Զɣ£̧ĸס
ͻȻ䣬վЦӰ˵Ŀź˷ܡ
ҶС簡ҶС磬ͻƵܹô㻹ѾˡɫĺһĨķŭͺ⡣
ȻԼͷŴжѾˣгޱȣȴһ˿ĲʣΪҶСûС
þãþãƽϣϻָƽ֮ɫ
ʵ
ȻǰǸ״̬Ҫնɱ𣿡α񾳸ѯʵ
ãҪۿһһͳ˵˶٣˵һʱ䣬˵ұչһʱ䡣
ǣα񾳸ޱȹ˵

ҶСͻ񾳺Щα񾳸ֻûиϻȥܵһĿ£ȻؿһУǿҶС类ΣϢʧʱ֪˳׵Ļˡ
ˣǶԼͬ˿·һʯͷһ㣬͹ǿ߶ˡ
Ϊʱĸ֣츳ͺǿڻָʵȻһ󱲸ˣؼ󱲻ʮ֮䣬Ʋѡ
˵ǰˣҲ̫ǿˣҲòͷ
ҶСȻһ˵ȴǳһ
ȻҲڶα񾳸ֶʧɵѣǹ񡢻Щʱĸ֣гޱȣǿʧչֳ
ҶСһ£Щ֪ЩΧ۵ҲˣҲʶҶС׶༪٣Ա㽥شˡ
˵ҶСѾˡ
˵ҶСֻˡ
ܶ˶ҶСⶼΪĹע뷽跨ĴҶСҶСõķᱮǰ㣬һ־
ƾôûһȷеʧ
һȻҲҶС⣬ѯ£Ůɢң˵ҶС˻ڵϢУΪ˹أҪܳʱ䡣
ŮĻȻЩɣȴһһֵȵȣһжԵúйɵӡ
ҶСԣҲʮʹ߾ʹ˻ԣǶڼ״̬ʮʹߵŮлһ˿ϣ
ߵһнׯ԰һǳɫȹĴԲľϣŲڱ̵Ĳݵһ
һԵ˿ſһĻס̾
ոյ֪ҶСϢ󣬴㿪ʼһԲ˷·ʧȥһ㡣
˿֪ԼҵСȻޱȣҲϲ˽ǼҶСҲԼУǣȷʵҶС磬ΪڱĬĬĹעҶСһУǴС飬ֻҪǹϵҶСģռ
ҶС˵ôһߣǱܾˣΪ̺ҶС֮Щìܣ֪ԼôѡҲ֪ôȥԼǰ뿪˱ܾˡ
£ҶСܹܵһ㣬ΪŮ˿ŸΪС
㣬Ҫô벻ǲһЩ˵Ķѣʲôӵģ˭Ҳ֪Ȼӵ֮۵ӰΣҲͻкܶ漣ķ˵Ͼͻʲô漣鷢˿Űο
Ŀ⽥ɣ漣漣ķ
ͻȻ䣬뵽һֶ̫֮ҶСҲˣҺ鼮ҵ̫֮ΪҶС磬ԼΪĵһαҶС硣
˵Ů˶ӵԼһε˶ǣȷʵ٣ֺܱصŮԡ
ǸʱҲǶҶСŵϲ̸ʲôҶСҲǳ飬ԴǴκĹעҶС磬бǣһˡ
漣˫Ŀƽ˵
˿ţйעһ򡢻˵ʲôϢϴҡѵʽĿ˵
˿ɫ˵ǡ
ź⣬֪Щʲô


1931 
һŮۼһãǲǺһҵ̸ʲôɳϱųĬ·ôϼʮǶû¡
ΪҶСĽţҶСʱ״̬У˭Ҳûʲô취Ǹоʧȥ֧ţ·֪Ժ·ôȥߣһɫľȫûа㾫񣬷·ʧȥһ㡣
Сͮͮ϶ûЦݣ˳Ĭţ۾ףỨУֻССͮͮϴܵģʱצͷһûûεӣ·ҶС˿һ㡣
þúþãŷǧȿ˵ǲܹôȥ˵ĺܶԣһСѪһҪһչȻûʲô취ǲԺûʲô취
ڹһͬʱŬȡͻƵ˸ߵľ磬ӣаվСˣûʲô취ΪΪ̫ͣع򲻹ȵΪ󣬻һж⣬ԴӿһһֱС籣ǣҲֵΪСһЩʱˡ
ǻôǷȥĻǾһ˿ϣˡ
ȻŷǧҲܿ࣬ҲʹҪҲҪŮ
ŷǧĻĺĳһ㽫ŮˣһĿ
ԣҪŬС紫ڸǵĶǿĹϣﵽߵľ磬ֻʵܹΪС顣Ľѩվ
Ů˵ͷһᶨ֮ɫϵʽȻһ䣬ÿ˶¶˾ģһҪŬҽһãһʵǿ
񹬵ʱ̹עŮŮк⣬Ȼպ˫Ŀ
ʧУ˾޴ΣУ˭Ҳ֪ʧЩʲôʱٴν١
һİȫ⽻ԼŬȡͻƵ񾳡
ոջΪͻƣòÿ춼չοЩͬȥıܿɻʹ¾ľ
רͲר˵һ
ο̫Сϲ֣һİȫ⽻ǱȽϷĵġ
ԴӿҶСԲѵĲ״СͮͮԹС϶ûЦݣҶСҲСͮͮ˺ܴĴ
ǸӣԶԶûд˵ĳ
Ůʲô취СͮͮûЦСͮͮӣŮ̾
ҶС飬ŮؿƿҶѰЩ˶֪
黹ǺһϵĲŵݶϵ󷨣Ů֪С츳ˣǲС£һҪһ󷨴ʦ
¹Ȼ츳߳ҶСĻȫˣܶԵ󷨵Ķˣһкܶ󷨣ò˶ãܹĲôˡ
תۼ䣬¹ȥˣУľһα񾳸֣żҲһα񾳸֣Ҳһα񾳸֡
żҶһα񾳸֣α񾳸׼֣żƿأʵΪûаղûг֡
żҳα񾳸ֺһֱܵ͵ƺûбһ
ʧ˺ܶǿĸ֣Щʥ۷ĴڼҶСնɱˣǴˣҪͻƵα񾳣Ҫܳʱ䡣
α񾳸ǿҵΣУȵĸα񾳸ִʱյ˱һտˣиִʧ罵١
˭ʧҪٽٸ֣Ҫܳʱ䣬еԼҵͻơ
һ죬һϿգһȫڿɫеӰ֣Ӱ֣û˼ס
ȻѾõֵزҵ޷̽ȥˣѾܹ赲ס񾳸ˣ񾳸Ҫ룬ҲҪһ򡣡һӰ˵
һŮӡ
һûУվ΢΢ɢһɵĲ
е񡢻ܵɲɫ΢΢һ䣬Ƕܹɢһɲʮǿͬʱʧһ֮⡣
ǹɵĲУûиܵ⣬ɻȫڿɺеӰ
ǣ̸ȿʵ
ΪŻָαڣеŮӿ˵ȻĿͶȻǱΪΣʵСѪҺˡ
֮״Ӧ˵İɣȫںеŮʵ
Ů¶֮ɫ
ǸŮӣɽʱؿռ䣬ҶСŮӡ


1932 
ӣҲʱˣΪɻĽĿͶŮӡ
ŮӵһЦ˵磬ʱһֱ˭ôӦˣһֱʱ䣬ȴռ䡣
˶٣˵عַ˱仯ܿͻơ
Сأôûг˵ӦòҲﵽα˰ɣ
ĬŮɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺԤеʲô
һֻһ˿ˡ΢΢һ̾˵
Ů϶ʱ˿ֲϢɺɫ۾ҵķڣ˶ʱֱӷɳ˺Զ
·֪ԼĲףŮӸϽһֽԭĵط
ǸղϢûпƺԼŮǸ˵ΪҲʱˣȻΪûлָȵΪָһŹʣͬȵλˣȻǸҪȻͲǸʹˣһףǸֵ硣
û¡ҡҡͷ
׷ʲô飿Ůʵ
ҶСͻƣʧٵȫŮӡ
Ů¶һ˿𣬡ûиЩ飬ҪȻҲ
ȥ
˵ͷŮӽһ
Ůһɨ㽫һһУĿ֮ɫ
Ĵ£һ룬ڡ
ǲ̺İЩ˶סŮӴһ˵ղŽһѾע⵽˸ʱûô⣬ڿЩ·Ÿܵ˸Ĳ
ôߵʮǸֳĿռʱ׵סˡ
ֻҶСȻƯУһӤȴѾҶСͥƮҶСϷâ۳ɵ˿ߣҶСӤ֮ϣһпΪء
ʲôȻܹСӤŮҲһ𾪡
ûʲô취ܹСָһ˿֮ɫʵ
ŮҡҡͷСܹѾˣӤѾɢ˾ųɣҪؾۣ̫ˣԼˣһȻ첻ôϣ
Ĭ
뿪󣬱ȥ񹬡
ʧ˶ҪȫһαˣΪĿĲֶΣ񾳸־֮Ůź˵
ôһֱ׼ͻȻʵ
Ůӵ˵ͷʧǿ󣬾ĻۣҲ֪ᷢչʲôزοѾĿͶ磬ǱһԲܹʧղҷ˺ܶʼõĸ֡
֪ûʧĹϵҲס˵
ӣŮ¶һ˿֮ɫ·뵽ʲôһ㣬ϳһĨЦ⡣
һʱѾʼˣû뵽ȴŮ΢΢һ̾
󣬱ʱĶʢʱڡ񻺻˵дһ˿
ˣѰҾСİ취ϣܹ츳ˣĸ֡һŮ˵
˵ͷȻ󽫶Էͳһ
һ£һһǿƳ˵ĸͻˡ
ͻҲ˸ֵΧۣЩֶ֪˭ͻˣǿһһͻʱһǼɵ
һα񾳸֣ȷʵЩǿ󣬲ҵҶСǲҲˣѹһͷˡ
ҶСÿα񾳸ж˾޴ѹҪ֮ͬ꼻һְ㣬ҪȻЩּҶСҲҪġ
ͻƺ֪ҶС飬ޱȣҪһ˵ɱˣնɱȰסˣ˵ҶСնɱġ
֪ҶСʹޣΪնɱ˺ʫʫֻʣһ꣬һ˳˯С
Ļֻգһ߰æѵڶ֣һԼ
Ҳ֪ΪҶСͻʱع仯ԭ򣬻ԭУܶСžߵ츳
˸ĺһҲ⣬ǽЩС˶һ
Ҳøֶβ£
¼УÿעţϣЩˣǳȥܼʺ硣


1933 ɶ
ͻˡ
ԴӴ˵ҶС类˺Ҳ֪˶꣬ͻأ䣬һЦڷ
Ƭ̼䣬һӰվգһӰչ˺ܶͻƵα񾳡
ͻα񾳺ɹĶɹ췣·ָյţʼϵڹýǰ࣬Ҳϳ̨һЩԣЩԶǶΪõĲԡ
ΪڻţЩʶԼˣҳŵᷢǿ󹦷ȵȡ
ϧܶ˸Ͳᣬ·Ѿһ㡣
ǴΧһһսǵʹֶҶС磬˶ӡһӵ䵽˵͹ȣοôҲûм·棬ܶ˶Ѿ
еǵ͵չѵõƽһһֶս⣬һּ˳ʷ̨·ѾӦˡ
ǶѾϰˣÿȻͻȻ临ǽһȫһ㣬ж
ԼļƻܹʵʩûӦֻõ͵Ӿһֻҧһʼǻῴһۣǵÿˣֻû˼㲻ٽˡ
øЦʽĸı˳
·ΪһƽԼЩߣûᣬֿʼС
ڴСҶСѾ飬Ϊ˶Ŀ⼯һһƽķչ
İ汾ҶС˵ܶ඼ͬһЩΪҶСѾˣ˼¾ĵȥˣû
û뵽Ѿŵٴη˲ϻǴСֿʼ
Ҫ˵ҶпѾˣҪȻҲôö¶档
˵Щ飬ûۼͲҪ˵Էá
ǵģ˵ҶѾͻƵ񾳣ǿһˣ룬ô˺ȻҪʱȽϳҲпΪЩһʹϰꡣ
Բᣬҿһˡ
ܶٴΪҶС鳳
´һһЩǿҲһ˿ɣǶȥѯŮŮȻڷһ£ҶС
һգһۼʮ֣׷ҶС磬Ҫ֪ҶСľ
ѩЩ˻ǲߣѾȰ˵˺ܶΣǷҪС粻ɣھһ˶ЩңҪС硣һУεĿĽѩ˵
ʱĽѩʶ˼ϣһŮһ㣬һ˲ֱӵĸо
ʣ϶ĹĽѩһĿкЩΧסһ򣬱ҶСȻһֲ߻ģһһĿҲΪٴȷҶСȻһҶСΣЩ̫ġ
Ľѩ˼˺ܾãȻվ˵ҳȥ˵ɣ㣬󷨵Ҳһš
õģѩ˵ͷ˳ȥ
ǰŮϺܺϵʵȴɣЩ˱˴˼ǿҶС£ŮŽһҲû˼϶
Ľѩں߳ȥҲ˳ȥ

һϿգĽѩӰ֣·Ǽ˳֣ΪЩһ
ȥҶ
Ҷһܲɣ
ѵ˵ҶѾˣ
Ľѩ⣬һˣΧ۵ˡ
λһҶСӣĽѩ˵仰ĽѩƬռ䣬ƬռеˣһҲˡ
Χʮ˶ĿͶĽѩ·ȴĽѩ˵
˵֮ǰ˵䣬˵ʱ򣬲˲죬ʲôʣ˵꣬ʣʲôҪ˵ģ˵˵Ľѩһܣ˿ӣƽ˵
С㣬˵ɣ;˵˸Ҳ죬ǾĲǸˡ
ԣһὫ˺ȥ
˶׷Ӧ
һĻĽѩһϲҪЧǺԼ˵ʱͨһЩ˽ɿ˵ı֤Ϳ˵ˡ
˵֧УͨЩƲѣĽѩ̫ˣһӽǵĻסˣҪɿˣȿǵеŭ


1934 ʻ
һΧ˰Χģ漫ΪĺƴǶĿͶĵһˣĽѩ
ôˣĽѩ治ɫһɫʿɳ£ڷԺˣֶܶ̾
ĽѩһܣλǶС磬ǼС磬ͳԲ·˯žԼжǷĵĹС磬С磬жǱŰҪСģжǴſЦϷҪСġ
˵Χܶ˶ͷ·Ľѩһ˵ǵ
СľôҪ˵СˣһЩ˲ţô˵СѾˣˣ֪ҲĹϵС磬Ҫ֪Сڵ״СҪǾͻȻ֣ΧһССںܶжػػģǣҪô׵𾴡ĲСˣ־Ϊ˱ǻģŬܶӵľ񡣡
СˣѵǾͲ𣿲ǻҪøӾʣÿһ˶ŬΪģΪ壬ͲǡǣҪ־񳤴棬ǽеһѹСһϣֻһˣ񣬳ܲҪ˵ľô࣬ǻҪСĻǾ˵̫Сˡ
˵꣬ĽѩӰʧˡ
þã˲Ż㱼˹һϴ֮ɫ
̫ˣҶǣȻ֣Ҷûг֣ôһŬĵϢƣƶȻء
ǰ˵Ҷ񾳽繥ΣȻ˺ˣЩˣҪ֮á
ԭǶˣС˵öԣǲҪҶˣҪ־˾ܹŽˣǽеϣҶһϣǲŬĻôҶֳصΡ
Ƕǻˣÿ˶İΣ
ʮˣһԣһﶼ˵һ֮ɫ뿪˷·һѱһ㡣
ЩɫͨǱ˺ݺһ㣬ѿҪ뿪ˡ
һЩҲ֪ҶСһϴ֮ɫ
Ľѩ˵ģҶСҪЩ飬һ˵ڶ˵
ÿ˶ܹϣˣؼҪԼŬ
ĽѩʵһλΧһΧЩַ׷ȥҲǹһŽΨǿǿ
һҲΪĽѩһǿһŬܷһָ˰ʮֵ
ѩû뵽ԴôϬҪøˡĽѩ˽Ц˵š
ˣô˵ѾĽѩһƨɳϣ輸ϵĹʹĺ͸ղŮȻͬ·һ㡣
ҪҲΣȡЦ
ˣҲسӣʵʵ˵һУĸɲˣҵר㻹ǺúøɰɣĽѩ˵
ʱŷǧ˽ϴһĨЦݡ
ŷǧ˽Ŀⶼһ
ǧ㣬ЩҳˣĽѩдϲɫʵ
ţҳˣҪ֤ˣѾ½᰺ˣźܿͻнˡŷǧЦ˵
ʱҽЩ֤ȫȥᱻӴ˺ҲûĻȻڳα񾳸֣ǶԸȴԴǵǵ³Źâ˵
׻˵ɵСˣҲҵŮˣŮ˷Ҫ˿ʮ

ˣһУƷɹľˮĵȴźϢĵ·ѾһҵĳҲ˻˽һΧ龰
һ뵽һ˶һżӣϱ¶Цݣĺһھˮ
ʱһŲһʥظֳǰ
ôǲһѾرˣֱӿ˵ƺֻ֮ɫ
ʥظϵɫһΣԴӲͷƤ˵ǡģѾƳƲļƻۼһΧ˶ɢȥˡ
ϵЦݽһھˮղŻŹζľˮںȴһ˿Ŀɬ
ء
еľƱֱը飬ˮɢһֶɽʥظֵϣҲá
ô£׷ʲô飿ɫ˵


1935 ޴չ
˵仰ʱϵӿΪʥؾĸ΢΢һ岽ϴһĨ塣
ˣϵƣа
ʥظһԼƽſ˵Ľѩ˵һȻΧȫɢȥˡ
˵ϣһֱһĶ򿪣һâղһƬ黹ԭ˳Ľѩ֣Ȼ˵һĹ̡
һֱĵĻ˵ķӦɫѿޱȣһŭֱš
Ľѩҧ޺޵˵֡
ĽѩһֱϲŮӣϧ⣬ŮģĽѩϲΪҶС硣
ΪܹҶСܣȻĽѩϧһвǿ룬˵ĹϵԽԽڵжԵ״̬쿴Ľѩжԣиӷŭ
ȥɣ·ǲʥظֿŭӣӻ˵
ǣʥظֹ˵Ȼ˳ȥ
߳ʱʥظɫĵȫ˵ūãϧҲūͣ˲Ҳա
ϣվŹâƺʲôĹ⡣
֪Ǿ͸ղǸʥصĸ뿪ʱһƱ뿪α񾳸ֺò޵ĸȫܹˡ
ʱһ˷ϣСȫǹΧһ롣
֪Щ˴ѣЩܹɱ˵Ļܹˡ
û뵽Ȼˣ˵ĺܺǱȴ顣
綼͸ˣʲô飬ûֹ֧
СˣͲͶˣҲʵˣҪǻЩͦ˻ֻʣһ˾
˶ڴҲû˼ˣЩ˵˷׷˳
֪Ϣˣ޲ֱӽһݻ٣ϧվǻ롣
ǵ˵ԽԽٺ˵ʶˣһĶߣڰʱһ
һƲɣֳ˹⣬ȫΧľٰһִһĸ֣Ҽ
ȻüãҽҲܷ񣬲ܶ˶һ֮Աǡ
ǻĸһӵȥμӴ
֪ϢһȻܹȻ֪͸¶Ź죬ɳ˲ָȥҽУϾȫΧĻμӵĻ˸оȺ
һͬһԤϵȷʵıһһֻ֣Ҫģϵˡ
֪ϢȻʲôע⣬רϵһɫĵӣﵽһĿġ
Ϊˣһרųǿһ֣ЩżΪḻս飬ɷ۳ɺӣΪ¡
ʮĸֳһٷı
ºһ͵·ٹı仯ȥøֶΣһ˶ᡣ
·֪ԼļƻܹʵʩˣҲ͵﷢չͬʱŬ
ȥﻹת۱ʮ꣬ҶСµѾʮˡ
緢˷츲صı仯ʮһЩα񾳸ֵ嶼µα񾳸ֳ֣ĸҲα񾳸֡
һʱ˼㣬ˣȻʵȨȫ˻ĸУָӲЩˡ
Դ˸ûа취˭˼Ѿкͬһĸأ
ĸ֮ԻΪΪʧԭǼɵʧĸ֣ҪȻֱӶὫնɱ
ʮ䣬һ˵ΪߣΪ˱Ľѩϡ
ϵΪѾʥ۷壬ĽѩΪҲʥغڣŮӶʥذء
ҶѰ֣Ǳ򡢶ǵΪҲϡ
ѧԺЩѧԱǣΪҲǿֲܶ˶ʥء
֮⣬Щ뵽һսţЩӿֳ˺öʥ۷֣ˣǽҶС紫ڵսѾѵ˳뻯ľ硣
ǳѵս⣬ѵ˺ϻ֮
һķչֻЩпƼϵĿ·չһзһ͵ףΪѪףʹüΪĲϴɵģЧһ㣬սնԷѪҺЧԽԽãǹݶкܴҪڲװϵͳ
һ㣬ǿһ̶Ⱥ󣬻ԷһΪ졣
ȻĿǰޣʵ׶Σûȫƣһ棬ҩҺоҲͻԵĽչҩҺ
˵һڳɳ꣬ǻǱ޴


1936 ޱ
һգһµϢԶһ
һϢһɫȹŮӳһڳ
˭ػһͬͨڵһʥظֹʵ
ܹŮӵʵѾα񾳣ŮӾǴ˵еնɱܶһŮӡ
ҽޱĽѩģ鷳ͨһɫȹŮ˵ȹڷƮ绪úܶ˶עĿ
ʮǰԴӺҶСһ˱չ״̬ȵͻƵα񾳺󣬲֪ʱ顣
֪ҶСǱµʩչһ񾳸ɱ󣬺޲ֱɱˣ
侲׼ȿҶС㣬Ȼ˶˵ҶСѾնɱˣǲ̫š
Եȡʥظֶһ߿ƼĲƷ˵˼仰ػҷޱ
ʱ䣬ĽѩӰ֡
ޱɻĽһ¶һĨ⣬Ҳû뵽Ǹ˵еķŮӾޱޱϵϢ纣һ֪α񾳡
ĽѩޱһЦһ
ȽɣĽѩ˵ȻһƣޱһһѾ֪ޱĿġ
ǰȷʵܲϲޱҶСԭޱԭ£һֱΪޱԲҶС硣
ôȥˣҲ˹û˭Բ˭ֻа벻
˷֣˵˫⣬Ե־ˡ
ȻǸʱĽѩϲޱΪޱϾҶСĳҶС罫ԼİͶ뵽ޱϣŮ˵һֱ
ĽѩĴ£һʱͯľܿǶڡ
ޱ֣ŮһȻеĴкǰʲô飬ޱʼҶСŮˣһԶı䲻ˡ
˵С飬Сڵ˶˺ޱʵ
Ľѩޱûлشƺ˼ޱ⣬ĹҶС磬Ŀġ
Ľѩö룬û˼ֻǵ֪Сİοʮǰʫ£һֱججҸһ·ӵҵĻ񹬣Ѿ˵ˣԶģԸΪһУһҵĻڰӸܹﵽС硣ޱ˵
ðɣ㡣Ľѩ˵ͷ˵Сܲһס˵ҪָҪԼ޷ʲôġ
ȻˣҾ֪С粻ôġޱɫ˵
ģƽǸĿŮ˵˼С绹ţ̫ˡ
ûϵĽѩ΢΢һ̾˵ܹܵղޱķӦȫûһ˿٣ҶСҲʵġ
һºޱ濴ĽѩʵĽѩѵûҪΪС籨𣬳նɱôΪҶ̫ˡ
˵ޱź⣬һĨŭ
ǵȻҪǶ뽫նɱնɱʫҪСվһ𾪵ġĽѩ͵΢΢һ̾Ǽᶨ֮ɫ
ˡޱ˵ͷ
㲻ȥС𣿡Ľѩʵ
ޱ¶һ˿֮ɫһ˿ԥ˼һҡҡͷˣһ̲סɱˡ
һŻ񹬵ĵͼԺʲô飬ңҲڣ񹬵ЩҲǵġޱйâһ۳һͼǷͼϱ˻񹬵λá
ĽѩǷͼԺС
õģһġ
ʱһ΢ĽŲֻһʮŮ˽ŮɫĳȹԺһžϴһ˿⣬·һֳޣбһֻ޵СޣֻСֻһС
Ůޱ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫĿͶĽѩ
Ľѩ֣ŮߣȻܵͮͮСŮͮͮޱ
ޱѾ˵ͮͮһ㲻˵
ޱ˹Ὣͮͮ˻У谮˵ԡ
ͮͮûʲôʾ
ͮͮһȥޱͮͮһľܿ˵Ȼͮͮȥ档
ͮͮôˣͮͮ߳ȥޱĵʵ
С統µʱ꣬ҶСҵӣǺ󣬱Թﲻ˵ˣþ˰취ȻǸӣֻеȵСѹŻῪĽѩ΢΢һ̾˵
츳ܺãǸĺòϡޱ˵
ǰڻһС粼õķӡˣΪѾʥ죬ҶСѹΪѾʥ˾أЩˡĽѩ¶һĨЦ˵
ϣСָܹޱ֮ɫ˵
Ľѩ˺óʱޱ뿪Ľѩޱļ棬ҲĽϣӶһ


1937 
һ磬һѩ棬ʱɳʹָߣͬǱĻƺӡĳһ
ʱת˲ꡣ
䣬Ȼһζȴ˺ܶܶ飬Щ鶼ӰԶһϵҶСȻ֮䣬˿֪Щ顣
ҶСͻƵ
ʮ󣬸α񾳸ֵ˺ܶ࣬ʵָ񾳣ͻƺûиߵǼħҲα񾳸ͻƵ񾳡
ħ񾳸ָߵ֣ĵһǳ׵˺ǰּǩǷЭ顣
Э˺ٵһº󣬺ħ·һ·ģһ·նǽնĿ뿴ѪӰķӦѪӰûʲôӦĻǱѪӰ塣
ǽҲǷֳ·һ·ӾֱӽҪݾﵽشĽ
ǻĵһ㱻ƣȻĻ̡̻
һ·һ߽Ժħٴԣһ˶ûкº͵ǡʱһݶϵѾɣܹ赲סֵĽ룬Ʋһ󷨡
Ϊ˱һغеİȫûԣһɳ˺ܶŸָսҶѰеȵȣǶһ󽫣ȵһα񾳸֡
Ϊսкϻ֮ԭ򣬳ɹ˺ħĶνǱߣĸɳ赲ȻҲ赲סˣȴʧء
ħ񾳸ּһǿӲ׼֣ʱ֣һ»նɱħüʥ֣һα񾳸䡣־绪һúħ񾳸סˡ
Ų֮ɫ˳˻ģħһٶȱƽ⡣
һʼʱúþûоһսˣûг֣׼ˣֶսġ
û뵽Է񾳸ֻΪ͵˳֣ȻԷ֣ôҲˡ
ħ˳ĺתսǱߣһ񾳸ֵ壬һʱ䣬ǾȻȻռնһĹȣ֮һĹôķ֮һأ
ںħŵĲһʱѪӰ塢׷ͻƵ񾳣Щ˶ʱĸ֣û췣Ҳע⡣
ΪЩ˵ͻƣħֹͣţռȴӲû³
Ϊ񾳸ֵԵʣ嶼ĬֹͣսΪЭķϳ翴֮ǰҶˡ
ʮα񾳸ָˣһһУͻƵα񾳣˶ʥ۷Ϊǻڳ
һʮһ·ݣѩʱʧһ˽ˣЩΪߵ񾳸֡񾳸ֵһһα񾳸жʮˡ
һɼΪµ
ʧķӡдһЩʥ֮µĸѾȫܷӡƣʧ罵ˣܹȥ
ΪʧֵĽ٣Լ̫ˣΪʧһݻ˽ˡ
һֵĽٸ簵ӿ
һα񾳸ָˣҶСûлԵʱЩȵһַ׷׶α񾳡
һ򣬾ʮα񾳸֣α񾳸Ҳܶࡣ
Ϊ񾳸壬ϿһƬƽһ꿪ʼ񾳸飬ÿʮһδȣĲʮһֶԲμӡ
ΪѡγҲΪɱš
һ飬ÿ˶ͬ
ÿεĴȺƴޱȣڶ࣬սǳң⣬˽ﻹиǱ
Ǳʥ֮¸ֵа񣬶ʥֵа񣬶Щ񾳸ֶĬ̬ȡ
Ǳ񣬻ǹģսʱ̫ƽѲƴƽ̨ϱԡƽ̨ÿʮһδȵƽ̨
ֵһһҶͮһֱռţ֪жٸǰսնɱ
ΪҶСǼµԭҶͮɱϣƽʱ˵ǲһɷŮҲ޿κΡ
һٰʮα񾳸ָ˺ܶ࣬ʧһֽ٣νٵĸǿߣʮ񾳸֣ʧα֮µĸֿ磬ܹء
񾳸֣ʵȻȻѾΪ˿ܣһЩݱߵ˴ڣֱû˻Ȩ
ʱһݶȵ󷨲óɹˣһ޴ޱȣֱͬһ޴Ĵ½
Ϊ񾳸ֽٵԵʣڣЩʱĸַ׷Ҳ̤񾳣ʱ񾳺ڡ
񾳸ֵĳЩٴƽ
ʱҴֹ˶ʮꡣ


1938 ˵е
䣬緢췭ظı仯ĴʱѾʥ˾ظֵܹЩԺɶα񾳡񾳵Ӹְ
粻˵Ϊ˺ܶ౶ˮƽҲ˺ܶ࣬ƼǷٵķչʲôԶͶӰʲôСͷɴ֮ӦоУֶܹھ֮ˣǴʵס
࣬ǳԷףԻֽףǮѾ̭Ϊͳһڼ䣬˻ƶȣⶼǴһ򴫵ݳȥġ
һ򣬾޴ޱȣѾչһȣܶСϣС¥һĽֵһȫѾܹ뻪Ƭ½ˡ
ȻȻսǾֲģԶԣ绹ƽα񾳡񾳡񾳸ּôֵ֣Ķʥĸ֣໥ΪдģĳͻʲôԹԱԵʽս
뵽˿Ƽϵķ׶ΣУ¥Щǰڵĸ¥ȫƵ޽Щ¥ȫģϻ󷨣¥谲װյ󷨵¶ȶůʮ泩
غǷܶ͵Ľ׳Уϡ޵ѪҺëƤ洦ɼиָɹݣʱҶСĻȻһˡ
ڱȥǾۼһģȵȡ
ȪУ߿߲Զһ͵Ĺ㳡кִܶʩͶʩΧкܶʵתΡ
ͨܶ˶ۼһ졣
ʱ仯̫ˣЩ˶ЩϽˡһ׷Բԣȴ沿˸̾һ˵
ǰ仯̫ˣǵõǳԵǺףѾ˶õҩҺұΪܹʮ꣬û뵽ھȻ˶ٶ꣬漣
ǶˣǷٺõҩҺҲ֧Ų˶೤ʱˣ֪Ժܹܲı仯һͬͷ׷ϲƵ˵¶һĨΡ
ԣװɣ˵Ѿʥ۷ˣҪͻƵαˣӵӦÿԸӳһܾ˵
ԵĺӾȻѾʥ۷壿ôѾܹŵϺŰɣ
ҶĻмˣʮ塣ǫ˵ϵЦ֪ǳ⡣
Ѿˣ󣬿϶дϢˣûйעǱǶ̫ˣǰʮȶΣ춼ڱ仯һʢ
̫ˡ
һűʱ治֪ЩԺܹ߶Զ
šߺߣЩνŸͲţж˶ҩҺѻΪʱһг
˵һ仰һˣһ˺ۣȥһ㣬ϴصɱ֮һ֪Ǿܶε
ΧһЩ˾ͲˣôˣȻҩҺйϵҲŬйأ㿴⼸ĴȣЩ˵䶼ʮ꣬һΪʥϣһǸһΪʥأһš
ǣǰЩˣмܹԲʮ֮ﵽ־硣
Χһһʼˣ·˵ĻͲԡ
ʱΪһЩ˵һ㳳ͬʱԹ˶
ܶ˶Ծľ£˹·Щ̸ʲô
ߣֻһĸ㲻ʲôа̺۵һ˵
㵹˵˵˭Ȼһӱ㴵ˣҾͲţ⣬ϾҲûšһ˺ǲõ˵
ԣҲţһˣҪȻҺԡ˵һ꣬һΪѾʥأȥ츳ӡ
츳ֶȽϸ߰ϲ˵˱ԼţοǰһӴеš
壬һ𰸡
Χܶ˶׷˵Զǲ
ĳ֣Χ۵˸ǶƬ̼䣬ȻϰˣǶ׼Ǹܹѹˡ
Ŷ꣬ѵǾһУ˭ʢ˭٣ҪȻںܲҺܲҡа̺۵˵
˵ĻΧЩһɻ󣬲֪˵˭
ΧһЩˣˣһЩǿĸ֣΢΢˼һɫͽȻһ䣬ǸӾ
˵ľǸ˵еˣһһ˿Ĳɻʵ
˶ĿͶа̺۵ˡ
⣬˭£ֻһҷҶʲôţͽ˵
⻰һΧܶ˶ûзɫһƬӻ


1939 һ˵Ĵ澭
ȪжߵĹ㳡ۼԽԽ࣬Щ࣬Ƿ·ҪЩ˿֪ʲôһ㡣
˵˵еǸʱ涼ž·ĳ״̬С
һƬ˾ۼĵطΧһŮҲ¶һĨĸӣƺһ˿ĻŮ԰ɫΪ׵ɫ¡
¿ɲ򵥣һףֻܹҪΪָ·һзס
ССʱܹټŮͬʱվ׼Щ˵Ļ
壬˵еǸ˭һ˺ʵƺЩţ˵츳Ȼܹѹˡ
ҶС磬ͨΪҶȻѾ˵ĸˣȻǸ˵
ҶС磿˵֣¼ȫ˽⣬ʲôط
üһ˼˵дһ˿ɻ󣬻Щڴ
ľû֪˵ڶǰѾˣ˵֮Сҡҡͷ̾һ漴Ŀ˶ߣ֪һһĿߡ

Χһܶ˶û뵽һȻҶС翪ģһЩһһֶû뵽
ԴҶСºĽѩһ£һƺҶС磬ƺǲӰ쵽ˣȻû˵𣬲ЩȻţֻһ˲֪ˡ
һҲһӰǳЩһֶΪĳԾ
ΧСǵӺ¶һ˿΢΢ĻȣƺЩԺһ㡣
壬ɲԸ˵һ¼һڴ˵ΪܹһˣȻżΪƽĴ˵
΢΢һ̾ˣȻѾûˣ֣òԶĶС
ҶС磬Ҳʡݵˣûн٣ϣǻͨʱȪѧ
ţʱѾʮ߰ˣ츳ߣһͳ˵ʱһ֣嶥һʱѹһ֣Ϊһ
󣬾һʱһжǳһնɱʮʥ֣ǸʱŸոնʮͷûһʱ䣬ִڱԭնɱ˺öʥ֣֪ʷӦ֪һЩڵ顣
˼µʱ䣬ѪӰͨ󷨴ͣ磬նɱ˺ܶѪӰˡ
¹һʱ䣬彵٣ֻŲѣϾı졣
ѹǻĳˣǸʱҶ˵սѣǺܳħȫǻʱҶˣսʤ࣬һ赲˺ħĽ
£˶֪֣ҪѵսһģΪǿ󣬺κħֲҶɹˣ˵ûҶûģΪҶԭ򣬺ħѾˣǲٽǻġ
ʱ򣬸嶼͵չиͻƵα񾳣ħ度ǻҲα񾳸֣ǻնɱʥ۷ĴڣȴҶ赲˺ߣṳ̂½һһսУħα񾳸ֿҶǱ̫޴ˣ׼նɱҶϧ赲ԸΪҶ˺ܶ˺٣һӻα񾳸֡
Ϊα񾳸ʵ̫ǿˣα񾳸־ۼһǩһЭ飬Э˵α񾳸ֲܹ֣һҲܹһֳ֡
ʱҶ᲻Ŷʮ꣬һΪʥ۷壬ѹһ֣ЩһֶѹûƢ컪һһǰħ壬һʥ۷һֱһնɱħЩƨҷţ˵һӰġ
Ǹʱûһ˲ǻĵľϧӢš
ʱʧиֽˣЩ˺ҶìܣҶˮϻĸһ򣬲ǻˡ
Ϊһ£ҶʧЩ˳׵˺ƤºҶʮ꣬ʮҶͻˣͻαô򵥣Խ磬񾳣ǸʱҶʮꡣ
ҶΪ磬һλ񾳸֣Щα񾳸֡ʱĸֶѹסܶ˶ĽʺްʱͻƵ񾳺ع򶼷һЩ仯֪ʱжô¡
Ǹʱʧα񾳸ֶýȼʧ罵һһǿߵĹǿߵĹ£ҶԴ˺ʧˣ˵Ѿˣ˵һ˭Ҳ
Ҷ̫ɫ⵽ܶ˵ļʣʱڣûһ˲
˵Χ겻ѡ
Щһ֮ɫҶСĹ£Ǿһ鼮һ㡣
ãǴһ˿ϧ뿪Ǵһ˵Ĵ桢һ뿪


1940 鷳
ȪһƬط̸ҶС¼ʱһ޴ٵĳС
һ½ģ˺ܶϡϣǰ̵ĴӪ
һĴ͵ıУվ򶫷
ȻѾ˶꣬绪ɣž˿˥ϣǰ㣬䡢°
ȻһǳɫȹȹʱʱƮƬռ趯
㣬Ѿһº󣬽Ǹˣѵ㲻ż𣿡˿ϴŽ֮ɫ˵
ܹôƽ˵
㣬ѵҪ޸ôҶСô죿˿żʵ
ҶС֣΢΢һдһ˿˼һĨӣȥˣЩ飬Ҳˣ뱻ҶСԼĸ׼м䣬ûиҶС뿪
ֻ棬ּһκ󣬱չ׷󣬲и赲ֲܹϧĬˣֵ׷Щֲ赲ˣڽһֱ
벻ԼĸΪҪ
ܳһʱˣܽô˵ʲôȥһ仰˵
Ϊˣ׶˵ҪӣܹԼԸЩҪȫ֡
Ǹʱ󣬽ֲԼȥʲôطȥȴһ仰˵һۡ
̬ýʧȥģָԼĸ˵ЩʲôǰֲݾܾĿ޸֣ûеͷҲûҡͷתߡ
ղһϢһºҪͽ־лˣԴûκεĸоǸˣ·ûںǸϢ
һʽѣȻңȻƽ˵ȴܼᶨ
ˣһΪҪ޸ǣֻμӻҲе㲻ðɣϾһμӻ˶֪ˣٸҶСĻϾͲˣ»˵ķ顣
Ҳںʲô׷ʵʵڡȻƽ˵
ǣ㣬µĺл󣬾ɼˣ߿񾳸ֵģЩȫܹס㣬ȻǿС˿˵һ벻˵ˣԴǻȻܹ²⵽
΢΢üƺҲһЩ⡣
㣬Ҫܰɣȥ˿˵
¶һĨãƺֻĳЩ顣
Ƭ̺ҡҡͷѾȥˡ
˿žһȻ˹ԷȻиּǣǸ߲С
һһƽ˵һ仰㾲û˵

һŮȻ˾ְǰɶˣǰΪѧԱĳɳЩս˵ĳɳܶѾܹһЩˡ
һ򳹵׵ĳһȾ޴Ĺȣ˿ڶʢޱȡ
ܶൺ춼˷츲صı仯һûб䣬ȻǶǰӡ
ѾС绹Ǹӣ治֪ʲôʱܺáĿУͯ΢΢һ̾˵Щ˼Щۡ
ȴɣһġ˵
ϧǿͮͮϵɱԽԽˣ治֪ʲô취ܹ⿪ǺӵĽᡣͯ˵
һ˵ҶͮŮһۣҶͮҶСΨһӣȴӣȻĲѡ
ֻҶС縸ĸмλ˵ʱܹ΢һЩʱûκα飬ϵıḻ
壬Ҷͮɱ
ѾһӪľϣܹع飬һĻĽѩ˵Ҳ¶һ˿˸С
ѩƻôͻȻ䣬ѯʵ
ѾˣʮʽʼһһѧԱǵʵΣڴεĽǰζҪһЩĽѩ˵һ˵飬Ľѩ
㣬ƻܹʱ򣬾ͽˡĽѩЦЦĿͶ˺
һСʱʱ䣬ұ֤һĸֶ֪αļƻͽŵ˵
ˣŮΪ˷츲صı仯ĽѩѾα񾳺ڡ
ŮҲα񾳸ˣȻŽ벻ãʦҲα񾳡
Уα񾳵ܶ࣬񾳸ȴ࣬˴ʧ罵ٵЩˡ
ԭ磬ûȫչȻǷչĸٽ׶ΣǻҪʱ䣬ЩͻƵ񾳵ˣʱĸ֣ͻƵļ죬˶
һ˶ķʮıϡ


1941 ع
Ͷʮ¶ʮһգעһǵӣµӡ
ҶСһٰʮʧ񾳸ֽٺһʱһ꿪ʼݡ
һգһĸǸռУҶСһ˿ӤͻȻ˫Ŀһƴɢ
һζ꣬ˡ
һֺһɵĲ˷ɢʲô󷨡ʲôĸ赲һɲ·һɲɢ硣
¡
·һĳֱ仯һ㣬һҲ·ÿһռ䣬ÿһضڲ
һ˶ˣǶ
Уһڣһ˫Ŀ¶һ˿΢΢ļһӱʧˡ
Сڽ̵ѧԱķ𾪡뿪Сһȥ
ǰְ֣һһĵУһɺɫ׵ҶͮڷնɱЩޣ󣬽һһһˮһʧˡ
ʧһ׹иʧ
С磬ˣС˶
һ򣬺ҶСйϵŮɫһȥ
ղǵǣ
ƺЩ֡
ʲôˡ
Ҷôôѵ˵Ҷ겢û
ŮķӦҶСһ˵ۺͲ²⡣
תۼ䣬Ůһģǰÿ˶޲ýȥҶС磬ǿվǰ棬һε赲סǵǰ
㣬СôĽѩɫŵʵ
Ӥ仯ӦòþͻѣǲҪȥš񵭵˵һһӹɵ
̫ãСҪˡ
ˣҪټСˡ
ŮһǼ˭ûпʱ΢΢ü
ӤԶŴ䣬ôӻָѵ˵ʲɣ
ҶСһ˿Ӥ˵һ仰ʱããһڻζǿͻȻסˣгһĨǻ֮ɫʱ䣬һӰǿϸ֡
ǿʳпᡢʵع򡣡
һ֣һӰɲǼʧ·Խʱա
һǿ࣬кܶˮ涼һɵӰɲǼ䣬һӰʱʧ
ȪڣһΪʥ۷ĸڴߣͻȻסˣ¶һĹâȻ˵ܶĻ
ϣüĴһâųȻʧ
ףҸղôˣʥ۷ĸ΢΢һ˵дһ˿ɻ
˿ܣûʲô仯ҡҡͷǰȥ
ȪвԶһɽУһ׷ԲԵһȺӽһЩ
Ѿˡ׷ԲԵͻȻ̾һ˵
үүϣһ㶼ϡ
ǰүүܻһ꣬һꡣһСָͷ˵
С˵үүһ㶼ϵĻүү¡
Ǻǣһ֪ˣǸȥʱˣҪѧ֪㣬֪㳣֣ǿֵСǻǵ¶һ˿ĹâһȺ˵һ䡣
һâϱųȻʧ˺˫ĿϢʧϴŰЦݡ
үүүүѡ
ƺգһɢɷĸ֣ͻȻϱŷǿޱȵϢ˵ɱ¾Զֱӽķ
£˻Ϊһâֱʧ
һУһרŸ֪ʶѧУڣһװһӾˣվ̨߽ϣѧ٩٩̸
ǲҪѧϰ֪ʶҪѧϰʷ飬ķ粢һɱ¾磬κһʱһȶҪҪȻΪħء˵ϷĹâһɹâһȻʧ
Уһ˰ĴͻȻ䣬ϸֳһףһ׺ҶСмơ
Թߵ̬磬ⲻ֪ҲԹߵ̬Լ
һðɲǼ仯Ϊ˻ҽһƹâӻҽе˲ʧ
Ҫĸ죬ΨҷԴ
һʹ࣬һҪԸǸˣԸӰ㣬Żʹࡪ
һѵֻʹòŻӷ

Ļ˭Ҳ޷ѡ
УһϢĹâһԴֲ֡ɹֶݡðȫһķӿȥ
һǰŮһâӿ˸ڣЩâ̺
ȻܹԶۼӤһӶˡ


1942 
Ͼʱǿߣ۹ȻǱѰοѾ̤񾳣۹Ȼ޻˵
ﵱȻܹһĹâҶСɢӤҲ˵ꡣ
һĸڣһâûҶСһ˿ӤӤ׳תۼͱʵ壬ȴһô󣬾һ㡣
ϸȥĻǻᷢǲһֹâ۶ɵһ㡣
âһ򣬳ǳ׳ۣһĻ˺ܶǿߵע⣬Ƕǵâʲô
ǿ֣߳ҪЩâϧЩâһ㣬ֱƿձʧˣЩֵǿҹע
Щâô£ѵһʲô仯
ߣǹȥ
ܶ˶ע⵽Щâһַ׷׸һ򣬵ȻǶΧûһ˸һϿգΪﲼ˽󷨣ֻҪһϿգ񾳸Ҳʧȥ
ЩâһСʱʱ䡣
ЩâȫûҶСӤһ˶ߵӤٴʵ顣
Ӥ˫ĿӤЩâ۵˿ȫѣΧղһϸ΢Ŀռѷ졣
ʱҴң꣬һȻѾôı仯Ӥ״̬ҶС΢΢һ̾˵дſ͸µĲɣ·ֻһ㡣
˵ǣֻҲΪʧǿ˺ӤɢЩӤûлɢؼ䣬Ǹ˺ܶϣЩǵ۹⿴硣
Ĺйء
ʣһӤΪ̫֮ԵʺѾЩʶˣһѵọ̃ûٻЩӤ
ˣоʱѾ죬֮²ŽЩɢģѾɳӤȫջء
˿̼䣬ҶСоԼӤǿޱȣ֮ǰǿ
ʱӤ״̬µҶСиܵһǿ
Ѿͻ˵ھŲ㣬췣ҪˡӤ״̬µҶСͷ˵·Ŀܹ
ʱƹƺƴ󣬺ܶ˶ܵˡ
췣һͻˣ
ǲ֪ͻƵʲô硣
Ǻƾ£ĳ̶ȣЩαͻƵ񾳡
һΧܶ۷׷ףЩ¶˶ʼ֮ɫ
ףѵСҪͻ𣿡ܵһɵĽѩ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
ŮҲ뷨ܾúЩԾ
Ĺâ
ڣҶСͷ˿ԼҲףЩ˲þһ£ȻѾһΪˣôҲһΪɣ
ϣӤ״̬µҶСһԼʧһӳ˸Ͽա
С硣
ְ֣
ҶСֵ˲䣬ŮĺжỨҶͮҲһ¶һ˿Цݻ˷ܺͼ
ʱһܹҶС⣬˶ȫ赲
ҶСŮǸһЦȻ㽫ĿͶĻ
ʼˣǱȻѾ˱ǾͳһЩɣҶС絭˵һԼһӴѪҺӿ˳ѪҺγӤȫ
»֮Ϊ첻ǡһƴ𣬷·ĳһ㡣
ʱĻ䣬ЩɢһЩһ¹Ļƺ»γһк£ҶСӤȫС
һɿµѹҶСӤɢ
㣬С磬ڸʲôĽѩɻʵ
ŮĿͶҶСĶ̫ˣǶҶСҪʲô
ҪЩȷ˵
ҲɻҶСѾΪλҪۣһĻЩ
ʱѪɫʧŮܹͷǿʼγɣγɵĹ̼ΪŮĵĵȴš
һĻĿ΢΢һѾȷˣҶСȷʵʵȻҶСΪλôţԭ
ôֱʣȻ»̼֮ѪҺ
ʱֶܶһ»֮ͨأһǶȥǣǸҽ롣
»֮ѵҪͻˣɻʵ
ܰɣͻƲãͻƵĻ̫ˡ˺ܲŵ˵
϶ǣ붼ͽܣ»֮ͻˡ
ΧЩ˿һ»֮ۡ
Ҫ赲𣿡һ񾳸˵
赲Ǻǣ»֮Ҳ֮赲οڡһ񾳸˵
û˳赲һУǶĹۿš


1943 ֲʵ
»һһһҹʱ䣬˶ĵĵȴš
ʱҶСһǼܵ״̬Ө̺ǿޱȵΪʵӤѾػͥԶԶȥܹüĴâҫǿơ
ʱǼ״̬ҶС磬ٴԭеѪҺһ̺ǿѪҺ߾ӨĹȫɲǼ䣬Ѫɫ
̺ǿѪҺѾȾƾеԿѪⲻҶСҪģҪ·ǿ
ԭѾ֮壬һ˴ɱһǿĵ·ҶС緢֣ȻԭĻͻǾսķӣҲӰ쵽ã˹Ȼ󷢻
ǧǺӣѪҶСٴδһ
з·̺عɲǼ䣬֮ϣһſǳ֣Щǳҫ۵ǻ
еǻһ𣬷·죬к£ǹǻԺһӽҶСû
ںúǺУҶСѪÿһϸǺӵͶǿޱȡ
ֶΣ»ǧǻԣ֪ԷҪʲô棬һ񾳸˫Ŀ΢΢һ·Ҫ͸һ첼õ󷨣ǸͿ
ƺҪͻƵ񾳡һ񾳸˵ź⣬ƺöҶС֣סˣ޷ֹһУοǰһǿ󷨣һŭˣ󷨹ôΣˡ
ҹҹʱ䣬кµĺƴǺʧˣҶС¶˳ʱǿƤӨеâһͷڷԺ裬˵ơ
ʱҶСǾҶСսһιâǾԭڣɢȫӿ뵽ҶСڣһ̫֮
ҶСҲԼһʱȫһÿһϸУһӰЩ
ĳ̶ֳϽǾ൱ҶСһ߷Ϊ̺ҶСꡣ
ۣγһȫӿע뵽ҶСһ߾ɵڣȻ󾭹һϵиӵתΪâ֮
ʱǾеȫʧֻзâ֮һǿˡ
ҶСź֮һΪ̫֮
ҶСԭһϵǿѾԽͨ񾳸֡
һΧҶСһΧȫʧǶѾԲˣտҲȫ
ҶСѾ˵ھŲӤںһһʵﵽ۷壬һϵϢҲﵽ񾳣Ȼûʲôʶȴʣһսܣ˵һսҲΪ
䡪
ʱ֮ϣһɹɺƷӿƼΪƴںӿͬʱһˮͰϸ׵ƲһɿµƣɨķȻסҶСһ
濴һĻɫһ䣬ԶԶ˳
ôµ췣һͻˣҿͻƵĺܲ򵥡һ񾳸˵
Щ񾳸ֶ˼ŵ˭ͻˣȻܹƵ췣ӹһʵû˷һ
һصĺһ񾳸˵
һڣܵǿҶСһΣǰǿ췣˻جج״̬ո췣ˡ
ҡҶСͷ˿ŮȻһ˲ʧ
֪ε췣ܲ򵥣ϸ˵˶췣췣ӣҷȻǿޱȣһĻή¸µ췣һȫˡ
ҶСһֱӳ˾һǧãã
ƶͺƺ͸ƶֶ˹ȥҪ췣˵˭
ҶСһͷڷ裬վĻǾޱ飬͸ޱȵϢȥ·һҶСֿӴˡ
ʲôȻһ췣ʲôʱһĻ۱ôǿˡ
ֵǰУڿԶصĺ֮£Ӱ
ܶ˶ˣԭһһ˶췣ڲ֪ˡ
ףǸˡǸ˺ҶС硣žĽӽ˾һƺЩŵӡ
ɣǲǿˣôأ˵ǰѾˡ
˭˵ˣʱдˡ
ȷʵҶС磬Ӧ˵ҶС磬Ӱһα۷ĸ֣ɫص˵ĿлЩӡ
ôܣ˵ոͻƵ񾳣ΪιھȻܹţͻƵ񾳣ôأ˲ŵ˵
ôͲܣʵˣҲС
ʱܶ˶ϳҶС磬Ƿ׷ۡ


1944 ˱ת
ȻҶСڶ췣˶ˣǶû뵽ǰǸ˾Ȼˡ
һЩߵĸɫЩ˶ǶҶС𾴡ˡ
ɫѿǰҶСͻƵ񾳣ݺݵѹÿͷҿʱһ֣ҪȻǻ֪ʲôأ
ԺһˣǶһڡ
ڣԭΪ˵ָˣһͻƵ񾳣췣ǿһǿߡ
û뵽Ȼţ⡣ѪӰ񾳸˵
ȷʵû뵽ѱˡ
ҪҪһ֣ǿź˵
֣а𣿴ӳŽ񾳣ܹӲʵĹοѾ񾳣˭֪ʲôֶΣѾɳˣ³ʧЩ񾳸⣬û˻ǵĶ֡ħ񾳸˵
˶٣ħ񾳸ֵһЦ˵ʵûбҪģӦöԸ˱ʧЩˣЩìܵġ
ǵìܴǸôӦԣ񾳸ʵ
Ǽ˶һĬУǰȵҶСЩˣҪԸǵĻô
ʵǶˣʧ绹ʵǿˣ֮ĶǺģʧЩ˶նɱˣôҲûʲôԿˣֻܹܴһһȽǰáľһЦ˵
΢΢˼һ󣬱˵ͷ
ʧЩɫ̫ÿѾʶһ鷳ˡ
ҶСɣ츳ȻǱѰһ񾳸˵
Ǹô죿һ񾳸ʵ
û뵽ôһˣ׵ϣǶҪοҶСĴʼǸвһ˵񾳸ֶҶС˵
ʱһŮȥҶС췣ǳȥʩչ˴ͨҶСڵһƬأԾ֮Ͷ˹ŮһܹҶС˿̵ˡ
Щ˻ҶС֣ǷԼҶСĶʱŮвҶС硣
֮ϣǿޱ׵ƹޡ
ҶСվƬռ췣˰Сʱʱ䣬пֲ׵罵١
׵ޱȣʱնݻ˻磬ҶСǾԡ׵֮£׵֮ٴζǿ
һ׵֮䣬飬һƬռ䶼ݻ׺ҶСǾȻȻվ׵֮켺
һƴĳ˶һ˵Ҳû뵽췣Ȼ˿ֲЩ񾳸֣΢΢
һһ׵֮٣һʮ˲٣ͣƬУȻ׵ҫЩ׵֮ʧҶСǾ¶Ȼԭơ
ࡪ
˺ݺݵһҺ۾·ǰһġ
ܰɣȻôǿôֲ׵УȻһ鶼ûС
мΪ𾪡
Щ񾳸֣һɫأڸղ׽֮УǾҪСӦԣ붼ˣҶСķأӦԡ
˵ҶСǾ߷ʵǿƥԶԶǡ
Щʧ罵ٵˣһ﷢ëŸôȥӦ£ͬʱҶС粻ܹȹ췣
Ǿ߷ɢ΢΢âһѳתƣҶСüͷһ壬ͷ죬׵֮ǲ
ҫҶСͻȻһ˫һץʱ䣬Ʋпֲ׵֮Щ׵֮ȫǾϡ
̡
绨䣬ڿ׵Ĵ̼£ǾΪǿˣâ֮ųת
ȵһȫתһܹ˺ͱ仯ܹɷҲܹɱ
ӡ
Ǹӡ
׵֮ѾôǿˣȻ׵֮١
ҶСĶܶ˶𾪵
ʱ֮Ͻٵ׵֮Ϊǿˣ·ҶСľٶŭ죬ʮŵʮʮһֲޱȵ׵١
䡪
ƬضҪȫˡ
ҶСһתΪһȥ
ҶС絥һգʱһѪĸо·һĸ첲һһ㣬϶ȼߡ
Ӷһʱ䣬Ƭرֳ룬ƺͳ롣
ˣҶСдϲеĳתһ߷ûҶСָӣǾ߷ҲϵĶԿ׵֮ͬʱԼȫһֱܡ
׵֮һֱʮ췣ɢȥôµ췣£ҶСǾ߷ûˣһЩͷâ֮ˡ


1945 ڵ
ããɢȥͻȻƱһ㣬˵ɢɢҶСһϢԲǼΪͨһ㡣
֯γɵİɫĴҶСϣһ£Եù°ûгʵľ֮
Ҷǻӭع顣
Ҳ֪˭ͻȻ亰һ䣬ʣǸˣҶС֧ߡ
һ仰Ӧֶܶһ
Ҷ֧
Ҷǻһս塣
ЩɫѪڵЩЩǿɫѿţЩ໹˵ս壬ⲻǴǵ
ߡħ񾳸֣ɫܲÿ˵ʧˡ
ǿҲ׷Ƭֻʣࡣ
˶ˣû뵽ӰȻô󡣡ʧ罵ٵһ񾳸һĨɱ˵
ȷʵǸʸ񣬲סǵ·һ񾳸˵
ʱҶСĿһɨ˿ˣܳϿҵ˵ллһǵҡ
Ĵÿ˶ߡ
֧Ҷ
ӭҶع顪
ҶСĻ˵ĻЩǷĵĻ
ллңֻҪڣԲκǻˣɢȥɣҪΧŬһ𱣻ģҶСƽĿ˵
һ𱣻ġ
һ𱣻ġ
ҶС˵Щɢȥȴûһɢȥ˶⴫һĻҪ࿴ҶС缸ۡ
ҶСһΣ漴Ǹоʲôһ㣬˫ĿбųεĹâͶ˵񾳸֣ҳ֣
ҶСĻһɿֲϢǵأŭһӿȥȻǹƣ񾳸һ¶˾֮ɫ
ղҶСڶ췣ʱǶҶСʵûһֱ۵ʶ֪ҶСʵĿ£ҶС񣬻ƣһУ·ͲܹҶСԿ
ôᣬôᣬǶࡣһ񾳸˵
Զԣǵĵ˶壬ôأһ񾳸ҲϽػͷ϶亹
һĻΧܶ˶ˣû뵽ǿ߾ȻҶСǰؾصģһʮֺµӡ
Ҷȷʵҳݵż񣬺ܶðĹâ
ˣȥ׼ҲñȥɡҶС翴һ˵
ǣǡ񾳸ָϽ˵Ȼһ񾳸֣α񾳸뿪
ȻղҶСϵûˣȻǲѡ
ȥҶСбų⣬ǾΪһâûҶСڣҶСĵγһСǱһģˣܹҶСҲûʲô⡣
ҶСΧĿռԶֿ˲ʧԭء
ʮ꣬¶ʮգл˶֪ҶСǿƻع飬Ϊͨ죬һûбٴγ̸۵Ļ⣬ҶСĹ£ϵرһЩ˽Щһһ¶˳ݵĶ־·𶼺ҶСһս壬¡
Ǹ쵰ȻǳôµǸһ񾳸֣ɫѿĴ
ȻĴţǣҸûںһû뵽ô£䲻󣬵Ϊ˸Ѿ۷ˣҪȽáһ񾳸˵
ǶǴʧ罵ٵģ˵ûʲôµˣƽﶼܸ߰ǸղҶСǰǲòԼİܹоǸ϶ײҶСһ䣬¶ܻ뿪ˡ
ĳ϶ưոݣʵûа취ǾȥܰɣԼ飬Լܣǳܲŭ𡣡
ֻˡ

һŮȻڸȴҶС硣
ڣ˵УҶСӰ֣ŮǼģһ˿ԹƺڹҶСһԾǶꡣ
һˣҶС翴Ů˵дŨŨǸ⡣
һĻӰʧ
ʱһʮ㣬ɱϵҶͮˮһһҶСȥ
ŮȻͶ뵽ҶС绳ǵ̫ˣοҶͮڡ
һŮҶСȥǴȰ֮ɫȻͮͮʮ꣬ڳˣȻʶ
ҶСЦݣſ˫ۣҶͮһҶС磬ԴҶСļʹ
ء
ģ·Ҫеʹȫйȥ
ôˣǰְֲãûչ˺㣡ίˡҶСҶͮԴ˵
ʱҶСоԼ˺ܶ࣬ΪҶͮѾ˵ԵʣҲΪǧֻصԭ


1946 ܰ
ҶͮҶСĻʹޣ·Ҫееı඼йвѾҶСȻܹ֪Ůеʹࡣ
ǰŮصĴɶܴӰ죬һÿʵŮóĬԣɱڣΡ
ҶСһҶͮԴһ߷һʮƽ͵ĹâЩâķһƺҶͮɢ
Щɱ¾۵ɱö֮˺ɫѾ˺ɫɱӰ쵽һ˵Ը꣬ƽʱ磬ҶСɲϣԼŮһɱ˲գۣħ
þãҶֹͮͣʹޣȴ۾˯ˣüıɱʹȫɢˣ΢΢һ˿Ļȣ·ʲôΡ
ʱѾ˵¡жˮǼ
硣
硣
ͬʱһ˵Ѿ׳ˣģͯķƣͬķ绪ȴһСǰͣ
Ѿô˻ޡҶСЦ˵Ǹж
Ƕ㡣ǼѾ˵ĺоӨˮ£ҶС˵
Ҳǣǽȥ˵ɣҶС翴Ů˵ȻҶͮŮһ߽˿Ŀ
ʱҶСйϵŮۼ˿У桢ֿɶǶڡ
ҶССĵĽҶͮߣ£ȻؿÿһŮӣдǸ˵һķչѾˣˡ
ǲֻ࣬ҪܹƽͺáĽѩ֮ɫ˵
ʮ㣬һŮӣҶСǰȷʵ磬һӵӡ
ŮûҶСôָģ˵һ¼ҳһЩ£УеնԾ
Ҷ֪ͮʲôʱѾ˹ǵıҶСĸ첲СʱǰҶС绳УһʮҸӡ
˺óóʱ䣬ֽⶼתƵ硢һı仯ϣŮƽʱϣҶСûв죬ţʱʲôЦʱ˶ῪЦ
̶Сʱʱ䣬Ů·𶼽Ŀȫˡ
С磬һһֽһȣһĿѵȥۿ𣿡ͻȻĽѩʵ
󣿺ðɣҲ˽˽һҶС˵ͷ˵
ڻЩһ˶֪عˣҪҪҽϢɢȥͬʱ˵ҪۿȣĿͶҶС硣
㣬ĹҶС罫Ȩ˺
Ǻðɣһ˶֪£һһʿЦЦ
תۼ䣬ѾˣŮɢȥˣǶصԼķ䣬ҶͮȻ֪ҹʱǼλģûճҶС硣
ûмȻĹЩϾˣǱȴͬɽһҡ
һϣҶСĽѩᰡľܿͯŮͬߣһ޴սһŴûлٻ
ǸɵĽҶС綼ЩܲˣҿΪǿҪȻ¾Ҫ˸ˡ
ڶ죬峿Ҷͮ¡ջһ۹СβһҶС磬ҶСǾ͸
ǵĸ棬ҶСЦЦûзԣʵѾ۷壬һЩҲȥʱˡ
ڴŮһУΨһһѩǵĵ죬Ȼôһӣ˲⣬Ⱦƣüǳ顣
һ򣬺ܶൺϵ󷨶õģΪһ˺ܶĹס
ˡҶС֣鵭˵һ䣬һÿ˲󷨡Ⱦ⣬鶼ȥ룬ȻѾ˶꣬ûһʱʧĸ
ˣǸŵһֱǵáҶС翴˵
ʱ˫Ŀ͸Ĺâϴһ˿֮ɫаˣ
˳ɡҶС˵֣Ͼлһʹã˭Ҳ֪ҶСҲұ֤
㣬лмĿҶС˵
áҶСͷӦ˫Ŀιâųֱӽ뵽üġ
Щ׼ãúһǰһ󷨸ˣºܲʺϣȥѰһطȻǵ죬Ȼƶһߣٰȫб֤ҶСЦЦ˵
˵ͷ
Ӧ֪һĻƶȰɣҪⶫԷȥ˰ѰҡҶСѵ
ס
ҲˡҶС˵һ䣬ŮɲǼʧ
֮ĽҪܳʱ䣬̶̼仰ԡ
ҶСûлһ򣬶ֱȥЩҪȥ


1947 һն
УһڣɫѿޱȣյſѾȫʧˡ
츳ͺǿʧЩ˽ٺҩҺУΪѾǵα۷壬ֻһ
ôȻ͵˺ܶ࣬ΪûҶС֣б·Լǵһһһ㡣
񾳴ҶСûʵǿޱȵϢˣ˵Ŀ־塣
ô죬ô죿ѵҪʱһʱ
Ȼα񾳸֡񾳸ߺ󣬵Ǹ޷赲ҶС磬񾳸ֶΪҶСĶ֣˵ˡ
ɣ֮ҲˡͻȻ䣬һƴһһúܶཨѡ
һɫһףǾʧ롣
Ҳܳȥ뵽֪һԼĳȥǾͱˡ
ܲ棬ҶСͼŮվգ˫ĿһĹâ·ܹ͸һС
þãûгҶСгһĨ⣬һһץܲڻζ·Ҫһ㣬ڵռ飬ֱӱ˿ռͨ
ҡ
˾ֵĺ
ֵʱѾҶСǰˡ
ѣĻͦõġҶСϴЦ˵
㡭㡭ʲôȴװһʮ侲ʵͲҶС硣
㳥ǷˡҶСϵЦʧޱȣɭɭ⡣
£һɿµӿҪȷϵΪȻ档
ҶС磬ȱ֣лú˵ʱһһܲһ
ಡ
öӰҶСǰ
ҶСûᣬιâˣ·ܵΣһɫâ֣ȫһɫâȫ赲סҶС
ˣ΢΢һ㶣ȻЦҶС磬һâ񾳸ΪƲҵҪô
˷ɳЩһһĻ˿ûкòֵ˼˵ֻҪܹ֤žˣнɫâ֣ҶСҲһܹƿﶼһ
𣿴ⲿƲһڲƲҶСЦһ֮ö
ͻȻ䣬ɫһ졣
ۡ
һѪһɢȥ
ҶСȡ˵κιâ赲ȫɢһΪȫʧΪһͨˡ
񾳸֡кö񾳡α񾳸ȫɫһ䣬Ȼŭȴұ

һҵĽзһͷڷףӢҲͬƤޱȡ
Ǿٶ꣬ȴĽ֣ĸ֮˶ܲˡ
ͻȻ䣬ЦѪᣬЦ˵Ĳɣį
һĻĻԺлص·𿴵ΪŮٻ
ҶС磬Ӧð˰ɣѾӣһɣǿʱһ񾳸ֿҶС˵
ĸʧкܴȻǲͬһˣվʧˣǼȵĻĸһǡ
׼ʲô𣿡ҶСЦһʵͲЩ˷УΪѾԺ۷ˣͲЩˡ
ҶС磬ô˵һӶˣһ񾳸ɫƵĿҶС˵ȻҶСΪǺǿ󣬵ǻиֽȵȣսǻ治¡
Ҹӣ˭ӣҶСɫ䣬ǸǺģ
ۡ
ɫ԰⣬˶һѪͬʱ˳ȥ
ĿЩһۣҶС½ĿͶƾһգһ첲¸죬ǹͷһһ类ҶС˷ĩ
ҵĽ಻
ס֣ҶС磬տ˴ǰα񾳸ΨһһˣΪѾ񾳡
ߣǲٻʧǿٵıҸһᡣҶС罫ĿͶ񾳸֡
ҶС㲻ҪţǰܹԸ㣬ҲһܹԸ㡣񾳸¶˷֮ɫ
֮Ѫᴩʱգ׼١һھѪԾѪлһѪɫȻȼΪ˴ޱȵ
ʱһĸ̤ǸѪɫϣΪ˴Щ˶ߵˡ
䡪
һõĹâһӴ˿ռ䣬ʱ䣬һµ٣Ӳӣҫǧ
ӿתۼ䣬۳һɫӰһɫӰϣ޴ޱȡ


1948 һ˽ܵį
ɫӰ·սһؼ䣬һɶصƣ磬˸ֶоˡ
ǰһɫӰ£ܶһݺڶԷ£һоûС
һɫӰĿͶ£ҶСʱ΢΢һ㶣漴Ŀޱȣ㣬㾹Ȼû
ң㶼ûôҶСƽ˵
ߣϴûã㲻á˵ţɫӰ޴ĽɫƳ֣һ£һƬĻ٣ҪҶСޡ
Ϊڵңǵ𣿡ҶСһһڳҶСһ֡
Ǿзâ֮ųγһµĹһΧĿռѷ֡
նǾһâ֮һն¡
䡪
ɲǼ䣬һֻɫľֱӱնƣµķâ֮һɫӰնȥ
һѾֳ룬ڵѷÿ˶
һҽɫӰɢ
ˡһ֮·Ӿ֮ϴݶ¡
Ƭ̼䣬ָƽǰɫӰιҶС磬ҶСȥһնɱˡ
һƬռи֮ɫĿҶС磬Ƕ˵˻˭Ҳû뵽ҶСʵǿ󣬽һһն񾳸һ
Ǿ߷ӵҶСһ꣬дս־ͱܣսˣǷâ֮ޱȣعܹնϡ
ʱҶС½ĿͶ
Կԡ
ϵĹͷҶСһ˷顣

ҽڶӵʱǽֹͣˣһ̲࣬û˹֧ţһš
֪û뵽յĽ㵱һΪģ֮һȾƣ̸۴£ϧҶС΢΢һ̾˵
¶һĨһĨڡ
ݡ
ҶСһâĴ곹׵ɢǶ״ҲΪޣ˳׵ɢ硣
ȥҶС粢ûһ˿ĸˣЩ˸Уһֵֺĸо
Щ񾳸ֿҶС¶һĨ֮ɫĬĬȥ
նɱҶС粢û뿪˫Ŀâ·ܹ͸еһС
ԭҶСһĨ⣬һ죬ڲһȫ˷ĳ֮£ѿһҳ֣һâɢ
ʱ䣬һӰ㱻ҶС˳
һӰͷɢһ˿ڣȥ·ſһ㡣
û뵽ǻټһ졣һӰҶС磬ɬһЦ˵

ѾʲôˣľҪˡҶС˵֣㱻Ӱ˻
һӰӮ
ٰ˷ڷɣ˼û뵽ͣīĳа׷˿ޱȣ·˺öꡣ
ҶСһιâȫӿڣһŹڷȻɢ˿С
ǡ
ʱ䣬Ӯһ죬һΪոǸղŵӣû׼ı䡣
ҩҶСɻʵ
ǰҵ̫ˣҲ̫ˣһСҩΪ⣬˽Ӯ̾һ˵
ԴӳĽһֱУÿвãߴʱݺݵĥ˵˷ܹܵʹࡣ
Ӯ򵥵˵䣬ҶСҲû׷ʾľʵԺ׼ô죿Ҫһȥһ򣿡
ӮҡҡͷˣȺúÿ磬պ밲㣬ֻϣʱ㻹ҡ
ʱӭҶС˵
ˡһЦȻһһؾͷȥ
ɽҶ񣬳˷ƽ裬ĥѰΣȨƽԸơ
ԶǵȻصƬռ䡣
Ǽʫį뱯
Ӯһ콾ıߣ־ԶһҪûΨһĵû뵽֮£ٶꡣ
ٶ˷ǣ־ĥһգֻһ̾ϢһĨµıӰ
ĨʧıӰҶСҲ΢΢һ̾һ˽ܵįǸп
ְ֣ǰҶͮҶСʵ
ŮĿͶҶС磬һֱһӴ٣Ȼ֪һЩ飬ȴûмˣһ̣ӮжЩ档
ҶСͷǰ̫ˣ˭Ҳû뵽֡
߰ɣȥѪӰ½һδһҪһ̵ӡ󡣡ҶСżŮʧƬռþûصдһ˿ɱ


1949 һնѪ
ѪӰ½λڱããԭϣȻϺޱȣǶ֮˵ȴûʲôǸͲú䡣
ѪӰ½ڱԭϼΪۣһ޼ʵİɫУֻѪӰ½һƬһƬѪɫԶԶȥһ׵ϵ׺÷
ѪӰ½ö¿ŲԶѪڵĴ½ɻ˵
ǣߡҶСͷ˵һ˺գһ˱ʧˡ
ѪӰ½ڣѪɫģЩľݣЩޣһѪϣһаϢ
־ᶨѪӰ¶ᱻ½ѪȾľֱħ
ȻҶСŮռǰУһ·ϣѪӰ·ϵһжӳҶСԺУһѪӰĻᡣ
ѪӰס½ڲĸֿΪңȺħ塢ҵĶ࣬ڲ˶ɱȻɶԷΪ˵һǿʳ硣
ûмʱ䣬ҶС硢ǾŮ͵ѪӰ½ϿգǶУ˭Ҳ
ʱ͸ѪɫҶС翴һΪ𺳵Ļ棬ֻѪӰ½һƬѪѪ·ޱ޼һ㣬ŨŨѪζɢ
һСӰƬѪӿҶСȻܹóЩСѪɫӰѪӰ˵ԭ壬Ӥһ㡣
ˣҶС粻һô˵ѪɿݣѪӰ˶
ҶСĻŮĿͶҶС磬ɻ
ŮĿ⣬ҶСЦЦǰһĨʱղһĻǰŮһ
ѪӰ嵮˵ķʽڲͬһΪһأգŴ۾˵
ҶС罫ĿͶ£¶һĨŹ֮ɫ
оҶСĿ⣬ˢһȻűɫҶСһۣϽͷ
ҶСǺһЦ룺ĳˡ
ЩֻѪӰǿǵ˲ϳȻ󾭹ɱɱ¾гɳɣҪһЩҶСΪŮ
ϺҶСһĨ⡣
һҶС籾һģ˫ָ߾٣ʱ䣬һɷâ֮ڱ۳һ
ơ
һһȫɷâ֮۶ɵĳһն£һһе
䡪
һУĹ˿ȫһնˣǹѪֿƽһ޼ʵѪзˣ·ѪҪֳˡ
Զһ޴Ѫɫɽмֿһ֣µĽ͸
֨֨֨
ҽѪзֲҽ·ֱ쳹˵УһĲҽӰΧѪɫֲһЩ֡
ʲôˣȻѪӰô
ͻȻһΪŭһƬռ䶼һ籩
ݡ
һʵеѪɫӰֶȳֵӰ񾳸֣˶α۷壬α񾳵ĲΣûһ񾳸ֳ֡
ҶСΧ΢΢һ˴״̬
ѪӰ񾳸ĿһɨܼɵĿ˿ҶС绹ǾȻĿҶСϡ
ҶС磬һˮˮʲô˼ѪӰֶҶСʵǷŭ
ղһѪӰѪܵһĴˣ°궼ԻָƬѪǵѪӰԭ壬ɢЩѪɫΪ
Ѫ˴ˣѪӰָ״̬ˣʵмΪķŭΪҶСʵǿޱȣһһʵķֱӶ֡
ĿǰûаպҶСһ߷սοҶС硣
ⲻһѵΪѪӰ޷죬ٶǰɽɽһҲйϵɣҶСźʵ
ɽɽۣѪӰ񾳸¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫȻŤͷһα۷ѪӰ֡
α۷ѪӰֵԴʱʱʲôŭ𣬲ǵα۷ǵû
ǸǼĲ֪ѪӰԪҲӦ˰ɣѪӰ񾳸ɫܲÿ˵
⣿ٺ٣ⲻһְˣ㲻ѪӰ帲𣬾ͽǼµ˶ҳɣҶСЦһ˵
һһֱҶСеʹ׽ˣֵѪӰˣЩ˱ҪҳղһһССĳͷ
ҶС磬֪ôƾѪӰ帲Цղα۷ϴһ˿Ĳм˵
ƺǾҶСĿ̫ˡ


1950 ٻĮ
˵仰α۷ǵʱɽɽα񾳸֣ˣΪҲα񾳳ڵα۷塣
졣
ʱѪӰ񾳸Ťͷһ
ѪӰα񾳸ֶʱϽͣ¶һĨԹײС
ҶС磬֪ʵǿ󣬲һ仰˵ĺã˴ˣղһѾѪӰԪˣȻЩЩϵһҲӦù˰ɣѪӰ񾳸ֿҶС˵
Щ˱ܸʲôĴۡҶС⣬һ˿ļᶨ
񾳸ֶҶС磬ƺжҶС仰ʵԣͻȻõĴ֣һӽα۷ĸץУһѪӰɫâҫĨ˶Է־Ȼα񾳸뵽ڡ

ʱѪӰ½ڣʮҽ漴ƬһƬƽ
ڹ˰ɣѪӰ񾳸ֶҶС˵
ϣһΡҶС羯һ䣬ǾջڣεĹâɢŮȫ˲ʧ
ҶСһʧѪӰ񾳸бų⣬ѪӰɢŭѪ
ˣղΪҪЭȻʵǿޱȣǶЩȫˣδܹնɱڷ뿪ԺջΪĸ󻼡һα񾳸Щʵ˵
񾳸תĿһɨڶѪӰʵҲôģ
˸⣬˶ǵ˵ͷѪӰ彵ٺǾΪ߹ޱȣ಻Ǳ壬ھȻѹһͷȻоܲҶС磬Ǹܵ˾޴вѹ޲ֱնɱ
Ȼȷʵܽնɱ»ʧأЩҲܣǿϮô죿񾳸ʵ
ЩֶƺʲôֻǰûпԺ
ǣԺҶСΪҪնʱô죿һα񾳸ĵʵ
һһǵЩȫú󣬱㲻κˣҶС磬嶼ǱʱǿԺһ£ǿޱȣÿ嶼Ҫǿ⻹һʧ磬ǵĴСѪӰ񾳸˵˵ʧĸʱĳء
⻰˶˹

뿪ѪӰҶСֱ򶫷ȥŵΪߺҪȹǵһҲʱˡ
磬ôղôѽȫ𣿡ɻĿҶСʵ
ҶС粻նɱЩ˸еܲ⡣
ǺǣһܹһԿ𣿡ҶСЦʵ
ôܣΪ޵УղЩ˼㶼һµӡ˵
ǲǼɵѣһҪԿһͲܣĴﵽһѹصľ磬϶˾ͻҧˡҶͮ˵ԴҶСعÿ˺ܶ࣬Ҳˡ
ѵѪӰôºܲ˵ڲһ䣬Ҫҹùá
˵꣬¶һ˿ĵ֮ɫ
Ҷֱͮ仰
˵ӣҶСЦЦȻѾٶˣǻһСŮһ㡣
ҵʵȷʵԿһ壬նɱѪӰֵĻƱػϣңÿһ嶼дڵĵɱ»ĳЩعı仯ҶС̧ͷ˵
ȻΪҲ˺ܶණȻʵǿޱȣ˵عԿͲܣûǸʵʱֻܹĬĬӹء
ҶСĻƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ʮʱ䣬ҶСʹŮɽС
Ȼ˶꣬ƬĮȻڣȴС˺ܶ࣬˵ǵ۵ܲ
ĮУɳ죬˺ܶัǼܣЩǼܿһһɢһ㡣
ҶСιâ֣ǹ֮ų⣬̧źݺһ塣
¡¡
ƬĮҶСһֻΪ㣬һѷ֣ѷҶСԽԶԽ

ҶС˫Ŀбų⣬һץһɢ䣬ɽǿҵ𶯡
䡪
ʱ䣬һߴޱȵĽɫڻĮС
ҶСɫ˼֣Ϊ񾳵ʵɵĸ㶨û뵽Ȼ˺ܶ
ԿɫĿ϶һ񾳸֡
СˣٲҾҪһѹǻˡʱһ״̬ƺܲá
㻹ûҶСװһȵʵ
أǹǧҶǵڴţˡ
Ȼôٹǧ㡣ҶСЦ˵
㡭СӣҸղǿЦģϽҳȥǵ۸Ͻ˵ƺҶС粻


1951 Դ
ӹǵ۵УҶСܹóʵѽ˺ܶ࣬ûʲô仯Ļܹ֧Ÿһꡣ
ҶСЦЦŮֱ˺գӽɫıⲿƵıһӱС
ɫڲһǽһɫ··ΪϣҶСȫس֡
ǵһɫǼѾ޹⣬ͷǹУĽɫҲѾСˣʱҪϨĻ棬Ϊ̫ˣ۲Ӥֻʽڡ
֫ĹϣǽɫȻزƣ·ĹΪһ塣ɫڲϵĴб룬һҵӡ
ŮһܺӴŹǵۣƺûмֻʣ˹Ǽ״ˡ
Сӻģ֪ҹ¶꣬صĸŮңٺ٣ϽſҡǵۺٺһЦ˵˵
Ů϶ʱڣһҪֵӡ
Զ㡣ҶСû˵
ٺ٣ǿЦģĸŮʶܲǵͷǹнɫ治ƺڴŮ
òҪʲôҪȻҲһѹǻҡҶС羯ͬʱһ֣Ǿγɣɢſµķâ֮
ʵȻѾֵزһһ߷ǵ۴һ˿˵ʱ
ʱҶСһһâ֮ųٻӶ
ǡ
˿۳˽ɫһӱ㱻նˡ
˸ҷŵͽɫնϵ˲䣬ͻȻһ漴ܵǽڶһŷλγһɫӰ
ݡ
ҶСһзâ֮ӶһӾն˽ɫӰոγɾͱնˣùǵĿɿڴ
ɲǼ䣬߻ָƽ
ǵ˦˦֫ϵĽɫصһղҵˡ
дɫĹԼܹɣҶС翴Źǵ˵
ȻԣȻΪʥأǾȻڣЩ⡣ǵ۰Ȼ˵
ҶС˵ͷȻܣŹâƺʲô
ιСӣ㷢ʲôո׼ǽɫ˿ߵĹǵۣҶСľٶɻʵ
ûоЩԾҶСѯʵ
ʲôԾģǵѯʡ
ǽɫ˿߽ڵȫ룬뵽ҶСʵ
Ҳ֪ǵ۲˼˵ԴӱؽһֱôԿɫ˿۳ĳȡ֮ûЩ⣬ҶСἰ뵽¡
֪
ǵĿһʵ
ҶС粢ûлش˿ɫĩˣٿ˿Ķһƺʲô
Ǿ˫Ŀбųâֻ֮ӳ

һռͨѿҶСû˵Ṳ̊˽ȥǵۿ˿ѷ죬ٿ˿һȻҲ˽ȥڣֻʣǾվ
һ޿ռ䣬ȥһͻȻ䣬һѷ֣ҶСˣйǵ۳޿ռ䡣
ǣǵ۵ɴ۾޿ռ䡣
ϲĿռ䣬ԴֱʿСռ䡣ҶСƽ˵Ȼǰȥ
ǰԶɫ͸վۼһһֻһ߸ߵСɫϣһСһŰɫĹʵǰɫʵɢһĲƺǿĹ֮
Դǵ۾һ漴ϱǿҵŭƿմ١ȻһΪԴʵ̫ɶˡ
ԴҶСһһ죬öɫӱУһͷս˴ָС
ҶСٶȼ죬ȵǵ۷ӦҶСѾöԴ
ǵ۵ɴ۾׹ɭɭָ˵˻
㡭Ǹ˻ɶ񣬾ȻҵĶþùǵ۲űһ仰
öԴȴǼΪŭŭ֮࣬ǵģ֪һҪȡöԴĻΪͻ˲ָܶ࣬û뵽ҶС羹Ȼô졣
ʱ·뵽ʲôһ㣬Ͻ˹ȥǿһ߶ߵСĸɫ϶˹ȥ˻С
ָĻһܹڵЦ·õʲô˵Ķһ㡣
ٺ٣ȻòԴΪ綼ָģõҲǵۿĵ˵
ʲôҶСʵʲôԴģͲ֪ʲô
ǵЩʱ˵ǲܶ࣬Ȼöʱֺ֪ܶʶҲһС֣ԶԶ㡣
Ҫúòһ֪ⷽʶˣҶС


1952 Ϣ
ǵ۾ĿҶС磬ͷǹнɫҲӳĵĲƺҶСһ㡣
ҲĶģĺˣֻ֪һЩԴ֪ʶѡҶСһЦ˵
ģǵۺǲŵʵ
Ȼģһ˵ҶС˵
ǵۿһҶС磬˵ģ㻺˵Ҫ˵Դ˵һּΪľԴľΪ棬ؼ͹۳ԴԴ̺ǿĹ򣬷úΪȱҪʱ̫ˣΪ˼ʱ䣬ʱһЩߺץĸ֣ȻǹȡԴա
û뵽ҾȻ˵ԴĹǿɶ񡣡ǵƵ˵
Դ󣬶ûʲôΣҶСʳΪؼ⡣
ȻûʲôΣǿȻҵĶǵۺܲˬ˵
ջҲܷḻԴڣԺҪԴж٣߰ɣҶСЦ˵
ϣεɢ㽫˶˲ʧ˸ղС
صҶС翴˿˫лһööޱȸķķɳû뵽ܵǽϣʮӵʱҶСͣ
ǵۺŮһɻӣ֪ҶСڸʲô
ҶС粢ûнʲôǾΪһâҶСڣйâɢ˺ռ䣬һ뿪
ããɽУǵգ֫ϵЩɫڻ·ҪĹУڴͬʱһɫƬɽеһֲɢӿ
ЩɫȫЩֲڵЩѪڹ
̶һСʱԲʮڵľȫήŨҪָ¶Ҫһݵʱ䡣
ٺ٣ҹǵڻָǵۿЦһڷ٣ҷ裬ɫۣ죬˵İ
ߣһ̵ˣΪ˻ָȻһ顣һܲ˵
УԴӹǵ˵Ǿ仰ŮԹǵ۾ͺܲǾùǵ۶ѾүүүүˣȻ˵ḡĻ
⻰ոջǵĹǵϵһ˪˵ӡ
뿪ǵۺŮ죬˵⻹Ҷͮͽ۹˵Ľ
ͻȻ䣬뵽ʲôһ㣬һתѵڵûĴ˧
㵱ȻûУܶ౶أ°˹ǵһۣȻ͵͵ĿҶСһۣ㽫ĿͶ˱𴦡
ѵоûһ˱ȵǵһĨƻĹâ
ȻġºԺ˵
ҶСǼ˶ɻĿˣ֪Ҫʲô˼
ˣʩǵװһ΢΢һ̾˵
Ȼµ˵ͻȻ䣬ŮĿЩʱ˸ղǾ仰˼ɫǺޱȣһյ˵Сҽȫι⡣
ǵۺٺһЦȴû˵ʲôߵҶСߡ
ȻѾٻָһЩ߰ɣҶС翴˵ȻǷȥ
һ·ϣŮµдűĹâ͵͵Ĵ
ǵһĪӣʼձЦ⡣
ʱǵ۵ΪѾָʥأⲻЩɫԭ
ˣҲ˷츲صı仯ǰΪսԭޱȣܹ¥ҡҡ׹е˿ڼ٣ͷѪʬ壬¥ЩֶǾؽȫƣʥصĸսҲӰ쵽еĽ
Ľֵϣһķȵʳĵ̡
ҶСһУǶܣĲͬٴ̤УҶСǸ̾ӳеķչ֪Ѿ׵ķչŸʢĽ׶ηչ
Ů͹ǵ۶һ֮ɫǴûһжô档
˵ûУʮ󣬰Ҫʧ罵ٵȺˣǸʱ򣬰ʵǴͳһмĺô
ͻȻ䣬ҶСһ
һŲŤͷȥֻǽֵʥصĸģۼ߰֡
һɷиװͿԿǶ붼ȥһЩյġ
仰ҶСһƺЩһֲõԤС
ʲôط˵ģô֪һɻʵ
ªˣܶ˶֪ˣڻûʽò˶ãͻʽ֪֣ͨʱ򣬶Ȼǳ룬һǰ̽Ůһʧ罵ٵҪܶͷ˶˵
ڻߵҶСͻȻ䣬ͣһĨ⡣


1953 ҶСӰ
֮̽ŮȻǴˣǸҪ붼ǽ֣ѾԼŮˡȴҪ޸֣Ȼܡ
һҶСһ棬ˣҶСĸоҲ˵һۣĶСˡ
ȻҴע⣬ôȻܹŹԷ
ҶСɫüͻָƽһһӳЩǰһɵƽ٣ȫڡ
ʱ䣬ЩһĿͶ˹
㡭ҶСҶǰһֿҶСʱޱȣ˵˵ľš
һҶ֣ҲпֻŲѣҶС¼Ѿ磬˲֪˲
ʱֵϣЩ·ҶǰʱһһŤͷȥǿҶСӣȫסˣЩгݣЩдĿ־塣
ôˣҶСľٶɻ˵ǶߵҶͮҶ˵
ٺ٣ԲˣǸղѵûǸ˵ʲô֮ŮҪʧʲôˣǸʲô֮Ů϶йأû뵽Ǹӣ飬ҪкϷˡǵۺٺһЦ˵һֻӡ
ǵۻŮ໥һۣƺű
СѾͷҪһˣˣ㶼ˣٶǰʱǸСӻһŮĮǸŮӳƯóɹʶɣһǿСǵâ֪ڴʲô⡣
̽㣬ѾһʲôˣϲŮ̫ˣѾʱˡºܱӵ˵
ʲôǸСôУҹǵһġǵһӡ
ߣֻҪܹҵһˡ²м˵ȻŤͷҶͮ˵ͮͮҪһˣ
ѾϰˡҶͮƽ˵ͻȻĿ£Ҫùãǽ㰢
´ߣҶͮ˵Ҫٸ˵СҽСʱĳȫ˵СʱƬ
·ǸܵвҶͮҲ˵Ѿˣÿ˵ʱһУԴ˺ް취˵Сʱ򣬻Ǳ±ŵġ
ǰʲô飬ʲô飬ܷԸһŬɵġһܴĸһӡ
ӣû˻Ʋ𣬷Ľʰûڣ·ԼղӦһ˵Ҫ֪Կһ񾳸֣ǿޱȵĸ֣ܹΪ˰£Ȼٸͬ⡣
õģҲһЩ顣ҶСϵƣ˵
˶һĸָϽ˵ǰʣ
Ǹղ˵֮̽ŮҪʧҪҶСѯʵ
ǵģҶǰ
֪𣿡ҶСĿһɨʵ뿴ԼĲ²Ƿȷ
ǴСͽִˡһС˵·ҶС緢ŭһ㡣
ȻҶС뵽һĨ⡣
ʲôʱл񣿡ҶСٴʵ
˵¶ʮգһʱ䣬Ͼͨˡһ˵
ҶС羲˼һȻ˵л
˵ǰȥ˸ϽȥʱѾȫˣҶС羹ȻͰ֮̽ŮйϸǶЩ˼顣
ҶСԶ⼸ֳһ漴˷֮ɫ
ǸղʲôҶǰȻ˵ллˡղҶС˵ڵһʮ˷ܵӣ·ǵõʲôһ㡣
̫ˡ
ǰ
ߣǻǸϽȥɣһллҲʲôôһ˵һΪʵˡ
ôô˵أҶǰһлл޼۵ģ𣿡
ǣô˵Ǻ
¶˷ŭ֮ɫ˵
޿ɾҩƳһۣ⼸˵
˺ˣǲóˣǻǽԼðɣ⣬Ǹ˵飬ĵ׾УҪȻЩ֪ˣµĺһʥ۷ĸѵ
һҶС綼֪֪ԼӰѾ
ٺ٣ǲҪȥŮˣ˺ܾú󣬹ǵۿʵƺһǿҵĺͿϷĳ嶯
һ㲻ǵĻŰɣҶСƳһ۹ǵ˵֪ǵҪָΪҪսһʱ䡣
㲻ȥŮˣѵ㶼±ǰˣǵɻʵ
¶ʮ˵ҶСƽ˵
ҶСĻŮٴ໥һۣ֪ʲô
ǵ죬ٺһЦ¶ʮţҪһ¼ˣҾͲǻȥˣ¶ʮһ͡
ҶС˵ͷû˵ֱӴŮ뿪ˡ
ιι
ǵۺ˰ûû뵽ҶСߵôɴ࣬¶֮ɫ


1954 Ѫе־
ǵ۱뿴һϷûпɣһҶС罫һȻҪҪٵĻָΪԼɵķ
˸һºĵط󣬹ǵ۱뿪ǣĳעһɧҡ
١١ҶСŮոһƬ򣬾Ϳʮʹվһţдй֮ɫǵΪѾͻα񾳡
ѪӰ½ʱҶС͸оѾͻƣǵͻƣҶСûеģʮʹߵ֪ġ
ΪԵʮʹ߳˯˶֮ãոͻ񾳣ҲͻˣѾﵽα񾳺ڣһʱ䣬ǵΪᱣָͻƵ񾳲Żֹͣ
ôˡҶСһ˿Ǹ⿴ˡ
ûзپͣûǵĽ졣ͬ˵
ѾͻˣĴаɣܵʱҲҪѧܡҶСЦ˵
ǡǵȻܹ
ҶСߵԣļȻŮһ
ǵϴľʹǣҶСȥǱ˿ܷɢȥ˯˶꣬ȷʵҪúõĿ硣
ҶСŮصһ˶һȣһǹ̵Ŀˮһ㣬ҵķţǻ
һɨҶСʱˣԭһ˶֪ԼѾΪ񾳣һۿεһĴȡ
磬ô˶ó㰡գŴ۾˵¶һ˵ӡ
ʲôóݵģΪһѣϽȥҶСװ˵
ͷȻҶСߣһ롣
ŮУҶСɳϢһ䣬ľܿ㡢ͯŷǧ˽顣
ˡͯ˵
šҶС˵ͷ
ǽӦ˰ɣͯĿͶŮ˵
裬ԺҪһȥ
ǰɩӡ
ºҶһһ͵˵۹Ҷͮ򰲰û˵һ仰
ˣҶСҲһͷۣͻȻ䣬뵽ʲôһ㣬ѯʵû껨֮ˮϢ
ŷǧҡҡͷûУһûС
ҪȥѰһˡҶСŹâ˵
ĿͶŷǧеĹâΪƺܹŷǧڲһС
ǲʲôʣҶСü˵ʱŷǧȻЩƣɹ췣ûôע⿴ڲŸоһЩԾ
û£ֻûϢáŷǧһЦ˵ҶСΪġ
ҶСһ죬һεһʺѪҺŷǧ㱻ҶСȡ˳˫Ŀйâƺܹ͸ѪҺеһС
ԭˡҶСЦһйâһϸ΢Ĳҽϸ鿴ֲһѪҺȻڲȴƺʲôһ㡣
ô£С磬㷢ʲôͯʵ
ŷǧ΢΢üƺʲôһ㣬벻ͨŮĿͶҶС硣
ҶС翴ŷǧ˵Ǽڻ治򵥣ԼĴͨԼһ־ѪҺУγһֶصѪڣһֱȥ
˵һ㡣ŷǧ΢΢ͷ
ߣ֪ǵڲǽǵϺ󣬲֪ǻʲô롣ҶСһ
ʲô
ôܣ
Ů󾪣ŷǧҲһŵӣȻϻޱȣֹϵڵ飬ǻ۵ͷһӱͨˡ
ʲôܵģΪѪе־ͻѣȻҶСɫܲÿ˵
˵ţĿͶŷǧ֮ˣѵԼƣһ־Ѿ־ˡ
ŷǧһȻ˵ͷˡ
ȻںģһģǼȫͨ˵ĻԶḴˣΪӸĳ룬ŷĹҲ֪ʲôطõǲǲܹŷѪ֮뼺ӱиֳ֡ҶС粻е˵
С磬ϿȾǧɣͯż˵ǵġ
ģֻҪھͲκģǰΪûа취ڿնѪǹ־ˡҶСʮ˵
ҲˣҪ׼ҶС翴ŷǧ˵
ŷǧĺһ£Ȼ˵׼ˡ
ҶС˵ͷվε̺ҶС־γһû˼ڣٻӶ


1955 ȿʼ
εĽӰһΣؽӰŷǧն£ȴû˺ŷǧһֺֻѪҺе־

಻ϵĲҽƬ̺ŷǧڵ־һ벿ֵĶҶСնˣֻʣһٲ֡
ҶСһ˲ŷǧߣǿ־˲ڣΪϴڵĲЩ־
˰Сʱʱ䣬ҶСջԼ־ʱŷǧɫ԰ޱȣ˺ܶࡣ
ȻҶСΪ־ǹ־ĹУҶСԼ־ŷǧһЩ˺
úϢҶСֱӴŷǧķУ˴ϣ˵
ŷǧ˵ͷȻ˫ĿŹ
ʱǲŷ׹ŷȴŷ˵ʹࡣ
ϲһ̵ĵϣľ죬޺УһҽɭǲҽޱȣЩ޶ҿܶжһӡ
챻˴ͲĴڣҲûĲҽ
䡪
ŷ˫ֱͷһ߲ҽһ߹ȥһʮʹӣΧľȫˡ

Ҳģҵ档ŷĺϱŲ֮⡣
ܰɣҵӦΪҸЩǺΪһ壬ư硣ŷڣһƻ
ư磿ҲҪֻһˡŷȻʵĺ
ԴӶٶǰҶСһκ󣬴ҶСУȷʵԼĲԾԽֹԽһҪŷ˾Ѫͷ
ͷ˿ƣǵΪͻƵα񾳸֣һǿ־ھˣоԼڣ·һһ㡣
Ǻо˲Ȼ߳ŷ壬Ѱһ죬󷨣׼ȽԼ
û뵽ʱƣǵ־׵ľˣ׼ͥȻռ塣
һڵս׵ıˣѾʱ䣬һֱʹļ尾ţʹޱȣȻš
ǲģġһ˵
ŷĵһû֪ȻҶСҲԤϵŷĵȴû뵽Ѿֵز
תۼ䣬һʱֹȥˣҶСһϣ룬ȥǲǶҪݺüȦ
죬ȥѰһζҩȥ˺ħ壬ħ½鿴һ飬һжӲĲ鿴ħʵ֪ˣȻǶԷĳǿĿռ䡣
ںħûѰҵ껨֮ˮټȻһ޴ĸɽƽΪۡ
һֶͬι塢ľ壬ûҵҪĶ
⣬ĸУҶСӡǣֻľӡΪԣֱľ½ǿžϿһ֣ҶС絽һΡ
γĴ
ҶСΪ⼸񾳸ֶǿţ֪ԼҶСĶ֡
Ȼǵǿ̲ҶС磬ʱԲҶСͻѡ
תۼ䣬Ѿʮһա
һ죬һܶһֶΪһҪˣߵĻкܷʢĽһܹõҶСָ㣬ѵõĻᡣ
һڣһϣ˷󷨣ǽµأʥظֶ䲻
һ봦һ޴ޱȵԲ̨Բ̨ҲΪĽʵ
Բ̨Χǳεġȫʯʯ̨ƴׯΰ
һԵĳأֱԼң쳣ΧĿ̨Ҳܹ࣬ʮˡ
һ죬˴ӸӿЩУбˣĸ֣Ƕ׼һԡ
תۼ䣬еĿ̨ˣЩվԶľɽϣø߿ƼƷ
ȻִͶԻȻһڵýֱֳ֮һÿÿ
ıһӾʡ
ǰؼǷ絺Ҫۿһλᰡ˵ͱ絺ˡ
ٺ٣һҪŬ
ûпʼܶ˾ͷ׷Щμӵһϴ˷֮ɫһԾԾԵӡ
䡪
ʱؼһ죬У۳һСƽ̨Сƽ̨ϣʮγɵΣЩγʻΡ
һĻ˶ֹͣ˵Ľ
ûйһһӰԶεضһԾΡ
Ȼһ򶼲˽󷨣ǣΪߵжͣǿԵġ
תۼ䣬ʮ˵ߣλá
˴ԼӵʱҶСҶͮƾճ֡
ЩСƽ̨ϵˣһα񾳸֣ȻЩֲܶС
ЩУЩҶСϤģЩİˣӦöһЩ½ĺ󱲡


1956 壬и
١
Ҷ

ҶС֣ܶ˶ǳ֮ɫҶС絽˵һܶ˶һ£ȴûмҶС磬һμüѡ
ǻ˺þòͣϢ
ʱһֱԼ׵۳ɵԲ̨ϣϴŵЦݣȻ󿪿˵ӭλμһʮȣ˵һ´ȵĹͽ
һɺֵģôһЩҪĽĿ⣬ĿһŮֵģʼЩ˸Ůӡ
Щ˵˵һ¼ĻȻϷԣϺĽѩ˹ЩѧԱҲһˣǸѵģ˵仰
Ļֻ䣬ȴ˵˵˱Ӧע⵽Ķ
мα񾳸ַԺ󣬺㽫ĿͶҶС磬գһ۾
һĿҶС˵仰վԲ̨˵
һҶСҪǷܶ˻ŷ٣Ҷȵȡ
Ҷģ˭Ҳ֪ôģЩ·һ֪γˡ
ҶСվϿµƱ·ǺХһ㣬ϯƬռ䣬Ȼ¶һ˿ƣҪȻºܶ˶ֲ
ҶС£˶ͣҳȴҶС署
ҵһֱղſһ£ǵΪ嶼ܸߣһ޸ĸ߶ˣʱΪ߲һУΪ͵˿նɱΪߵˣΪΪΪԼ
ҪĸߵͶԻʱں쾳硢쾳ʥⶼûʲôؼԺ͸ι̣ǰǵα֮Ҳһɳ졣
˵ҶСͻȻ˴ָеǿԴĶú󣬾ԻΪ߶عĸ򣬲ûʲô
Ӧô̼һˣһһҲҪһ˱ˣҶС
֪λεĴȣҲӣϾҵһۿҪһҶδȵĽһһһĽʲôȱܣǰһΪһ似ǰʮֻ似ԿʼҶС˵󣬱ϡ
ҶС绹Ҫǽ⣬ЩμӱһһЩʵǿ˶ŵõһԻҶС˵ؽ
飬ɺ֣ҶСֻҪۿɡ
һǲľвμӴȵ˶վǸԲ̨ϣƬ̼䣬Բ̨ϹâҫһƬɣЩȫ֡
ҶСһ֪ǻûЩ˵ľ˭߳˭ķߣͨʱĳģרŵ㡣
βμӴȵһˣÿ˶ʥϵĸ֣ҶС̾ޱȣǵǴαԵʱΪҲ۷ѣӣΪҲͻˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСһĿ⣬һĿڿ̨ϣŤͷȥֻһα񾳵İŮӣŮòʷǷЩԣЩӡ
ע⵽ԼŮ¶˾ϲ֮ɫ
ףҶСһĨ⣬Ůľ
ʱͻȻ䣬ŮӲǵڹ㳡СŮСǸʱ򿴵ʲʺⲿ㴫û뵽Ѿα񾳣һһ
ҶҶǵ𣿡СҶС紫дһ˿һ˿Ρ
ǵãôܲǵã㻹ǸǱСŮôˣǸʱǽ壬ȴҶҶСЦЦ˵
ҽãУ壬ὫϵģһǽɣСһЦգһ۾
ԡҶСν˵С츳ȷʵܺãϾˮΪѾα񾳺ڣӣò˶೤ʱͻᵽα۷塣
ʱҶСͻȻо첲΢΢һۣŤͷȥֻԼŮָʹš
ƺʶʲôҶС粻˼ЦЦᣬһˣѡ
ºܶƯŮ˶ˡҶͮ˾˵Сʱ
ѾͷȻְˡҶСЦҶͮԴ˵
СҶСںҶͮ˵¶һ˿΢΢ʧЩ˷ܡ


1957 ֱ
һرԣӺһ˳ΪǺܸߣʥڶѣЩμӱԵжʥصġ
һһ㣬ɢһʯһϢ粻ɽ壬һ֪
˳Щһ߳ˣһ׿׿֮ˣҶСĵ˵ͷЩ˵Ϊ鸡ĥΪһ۱ܹ
Сʱ󣬻жû߳ȻڻþУþ룬Щһ˫ĿãŻ˹̨ϵֻǶʱһͨ졣
Ļþʱ䶼ûͨѾˣϸ˵û˴ȵʸ
ַʽЩѡ
Ĵȶֱӱս˭Ҳ벻˻þԡ
ҶСĿһɨ㿴ЩΪ鸡ȣûоѵ
֪ԼΪûͨþ𣿡ͻȻҶСʵ쳹졣
֪Щ˵ԴиˣҶǰ˱ǰҪ˵Ķࡣ
ٸ˵һ䣬ʲôҪɸ¥ƽ𣬵ػʵʱɸߵĸ¥Ҳܹεضܹ߾磬ӣܹα񾳾ǵļˡҶСɫܲÿ˵
Ҷ֪ˣһŬġһͷ˵
Ҳ׷Ч˵
һ㡣
һŬġ̨϶ٶͬʱ˵ƺƴƬռй
ȻѾ˾ģǾ͸ʱ䣬꣬׼ҶС絭˵εĹâת˲䣬̨϶ȫʧȫҶСŲƵ졣
һĻܶһ֣˫ȶڲǶμӹĥ֪Σأڶ࣬ͨһ»¾ͻǶ˴ʱ䣬붼롣
ԡҶСĿһɨ˵
ٴֵڶأڶԲ̨ϣӿһ̨ףһ̨׿ͷ·޾һ㡣
Ȼⲻ̨ЩһУ˿ɵ̨ײϰɣ̨Ҳ򣬲һ˸о·޾һ㡣
źͬʱʵǣ໥֮仹Ӱ죬ԵüΪء
Щ˸ոһ̨̤ףɫ΢΢һ㣬̨Ϸ·һĪѹÿһѹӡ
ҶС簲Ŀÿһ˵Ҳ뿴Щ󱲵Ρ
ȻҲ֪ϵͳѵʽƱػݬ룬ÿ˶ܹ¿ֻһøΪǿ
ڶغ̨ܿϣʣٶˣҶСû˵ֱӽȫŲƣɢ˸졣
һΪǣõõĶٳ˺ܶ죬ҶСһɨÿԺУзִĽЩ˷졣
رԲ̨ϱսĸߵˡ
޴ޱȵԲ̨Ļڣָ˺ܶС
ɼϵͳЩμӴȵѧԱǽаűԵĴ
ȽеʱȽϳҶСĵĿÿһԣʱ򻹻ָһȻһԲֱӳֽ֮졣
սıԼΪпᣬսҲ൱ļң˶ӳԼȫʵ
һֵıʱ䣬Ȼʱ䣬ֿʼԡ
ǰʱ䣬ҶСصһУεĴŷǧûв룬һֱ鱨ϵһЩ
С磬̵ĴҪʧִ飬ڶ¶ʮһաҶСոջصһŷǧ˽˵
֪ҶС˵ͷ漴ĿͶŷǧôǼѾͷûи˵
ûУǻ湻ܵġŷǧЦЦ˵
ǺǣΪǻ˵ȥҶСЦЦʱѾ֪ˡ
׼ôӦ£ȥ𣿡ŷǧʵ
ҶСҡҡͷһĨ⣬˵ȥ˶û˼ȥ˸˼
㰡Ψ²ҡŷǧҶСһۣ˾޴ĻǰȥμӵĸȻҲܶ࣬ѡĸʱȥȥȥˡ
û취˭ҵŮˣȻжôҪһЩۡҶС˵
С磬ȻΪСһЩΪã˭Ҳ֪Щʧ˻ʲôֶΡŷǧĵĿҶС˵
ģҲµģµǣҵʵѾ۷壬ǾѾ˴ս֮ˣǽһУܹΪǿžЩ񾳵ĸֽ٣Ҳܹ롣ҶС˵


1958 
˰պ󣬴Ȼڼ˶ʮĵĿÿһԣЩڶǰޱȵɣ˵ۡ
ΪҶСԭ򣬺ҲԲ̨ϵЩα񾳸ַ׷˵ԼĿԼĹ۵㡣
ıһڵʱžǰʮһյʱ䡣
ǰʮѭԣͨıԣȷһһʥسڵŮӣŮӳɣսǳǿһˮ䣬ӵĪ֮ǰʮֶܣյõ˵һ
ǰʮһֻŮӣȵռ˵һؼһ㣬սʤʥڵһ꣬䵽˵ڶ
󣬱Ե󲿷֣ҲҪĲ֣Ǿǰ䷢
ЩθߵˣֳѾֱתƵǵݿϣǰʮĽϺõסмΪҩҺ似ȵȣܶʥ˾صĸֶΪ֮ݡ
Щ䷢ǰʮֻʣųŮվԲ̨ϡ
е˶ȴҶС԰䷢뿴ҶСóʲôö
ҶСջ£վԲ̨ϣĿһɨÿ·оԼҶС翴һۡ
εĴȣ˵ǲģЩ˹ֵ׷ΪĸߵͶ˸ȣºܶһЩֶܹԽϵ͵ΪսʤϸΪǿߣϣԺעһ㣬ҪԺҷ˭ĸ鸡һΪһ˿һ졣ҶС绺˵
ܶ˶һ죬϶Ϊˡ
ղǰʮѾˣһº󣬹ƹ似ᴴãʱȻ֪ͨȡڵһĽ
˵ҶСĿһɨȻӴָóöԴöԴв̺ǵ۶ع򣬻бһع򣬸ǿ
ʲôһ۶оΪ˺ܶࡣ
ǰ϶ޱȡ
һĽȻ˷ǿۿЩʥظ۾ֱˡ
ʱ˵ĿⶼͶҶСеöԴһ
Ȼǲ֪ʲôаĿֲعȻޱȵĶˡ
öԴֲ̺ĸһһ̺ǿع򣬷úΪǣȫûʲôҶС翴˻ܵ
ҶС罫ĿͶų˵츳ܸߣҸܻҽ㲻ҪΪߣǻӣԺܹ̤Բ𣿡
סų˵
ҶСйâԴȫȻΪһųڡ
ѾԴӡÿһֻ͹򣬶ڿƲסҶС˵һ䣬ָһƹâųֱӽųüġ
˭Ҳûвһһģų츳ѣԺ˵ܹﵽԲ硣
ɽŮ֪һЩ־ǧĥѣ񾳣ǣ񾳺󣬱Ҳܹһ˵ǴﵽԲˡ
ų츳ֵҶСôԴ
ллųмĿҶС˵
㻹ʲô飿ɫ΢΢ЩԥҶСɻѯʵ
ͨ
ųһӹҶСǰд֮ɫ˵ҶȾ衣
ҶСһεĹâȻʵĸôˣ
СʱĸΪܹõȥһЩΣյĵطɼҩɽ£˫Ȳмһֱ˯šųһʮʹ˵ҶС
ãҴӦ㡣ҶС˵ͷ
ллųʮָм˵
лҶС絭һЦȻĿͶҶͮ֡
Ҷͮշ£ҶСǰ
ͮͮһȥ裬ˡҶС˵
Ҷͮ˵ͷ
ųĿƺЩģҶСЦЦοͮͮһܹκõģͮͮûʲô취ĻҳֵĻҪѺܳʱ䡣
˵ҶСҶͮصԭλá
ɺ˵һܽᣬεĴԲ
ҶͮҶСķԸȥųĸףҶСصһԱ飬ûбҪΪͿԣһˡ
񣬴ͽֵĻѾˣҪս׼˭Ҳ֪᲻ᶯʲô
ûжúϡĽѩЩѧԱ˶ۼ˹ѯҶСδȵ
ȲΪ˱ԶԣΪ˴зеһЩ⣬пЩ츳ãԱڵõõ


1959 ǰ
һޱȵĳУַǷбҪܶ࣬Ҳ
ԭǴͽִ飬Ҫ֪ǰ̽Ůʧ罵ٵҪǿʵĽϵȻ˺ܶ˵ǿҹע
Ȼûеһ죬ǣѾкܶĸִһҪֺƴʢҪύһЩˡ
ֶͨϣ϶ıĸ֡
ǰǽϺ󣬾ûǸܹԿˡ
ǲһһҪ֪ҶСǸʵǿޱȣǵҶСɱˣնɱЩ񾳸ƨҷţûеǸʱ˭Ҳ˵
ҲһȻʵǿ󣬵һܹԿô֣Ҫ֪ʧ罵ٵЩ˲񾳸֣кܶ񾳸֣绹ûȫչ˵񾳸һϲ㡣
Сܶ˶¡
һЩΪ׼֣Уû˸֣ҪȻͻᱻνִߺնɱ
УһڣɳеؿŵӣȻ۾ڳĻϣȴڴ˴
ҶСŵϢѾУҶСţкܿģⲿıȴûб¶ʲô
㣬ţ㻹׼޸Ǹ𣿡˿дһ˿Ľʵ
ѾҪˡƽ˵
㣬ôģУһҪϵ˿˵
ΪʲôҪϵƽʵ
ΪǱ˴ϲ˿ɻĿŴƺ֪Ϊλô˵
Ǳ˴ϲĻǲϵҲġ
˿ųһȻ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫֲôƽԭѾ϶
ڴһ졣˿˫ֺϲƺһӣϻСŮǰҸЦݡ
Ѿ˶꣬ȻôһӣԸҲûб䣬Ļ
Ҳ֪᲻һоҪˡƽ˵Ȼ̧ͷ˶ƺЩڴı顣
꣬ҶСҪߣܾˣΪ뿪ĸףȻգû뵽׾ȻǿӲ޸֡
ȻûзҲûвͬ⣬Ǵּᶨоܹǲתġ
޸ˣﻹ׵ģȻֻܹ뿪ķʽ£ΪѾˣˣҲһȻѾǸˣôͲ
ŵŵš
ʱһ΢ĽŲ𣬴ɫɣ˿ɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ųһɫ˽һϤ˴ߣȻǽ֡
ʲô˿ʮֵӵĿŽ֡
ûʲôҪֵһЦ˵˿ûΪ˿ŵĵӶȻⲢα㣬ʵˡ
ʲôҪ뿪˿ŶŽ˵
㲻ôңò˶ǶһˣԺܲáȻз˵ȻĿͶ˴ʣǲٽ飬Щţ
˵ţ־֡
첲һ˫ֱŲƵط
¶һ˿ź֮ɫȻҲԼĴ֡
ʵòŽţȵ󣬾ͻϰߣ˵ǲǣȻŴ˵
ǣһ˿ҲûУͷ·ֵĻһ㡣
˿ţȰȰɣϾǶҪɻˣսԺܲáֽĿͶ˿š
˿һȻŤͷǷ߷֮ɫ
Ȼ㲻˵Ǿˣһ˽·͹ԣСôĻ˵һ䣬ȻзȵĴк뿪
̫ɶˣҪˡ˿źյ˵ڽ˵ᡣ
㲻˵Ͳеա˵
˿۾һ԰ôû뵽Ҳ˵Ҳ˵һݶϷ⣡㣬ʵ̫вˡ
һҪ·ˣһ𣿡˿ʵ
ᡣᶨ˵
ƺԼδĲͬʱҲǱԼҶС
ûжú󣬱αŮǰ·˿Щ˷ţŮӷҪôԡ
ûжҲŮӣֻǽĿͶ˵ӣЩŮ˵ʲôûᡣ
󣬵ȴ˰ʱ䣬ŮӲ˳ȥǳơ


1960 ٶǰ˶
ת۾Ѿ¶ʮһһˡ
ΪʵĳУַǷÿһ϶˲ʵƣɫâһ¥ϳ𣬺¥ϵĹâںϣŷһΪϸĹâ
з·𶼴λ֮С
зУУȻǲǽܱߣȻŽС
в󷨣Ҳн֮Щʥշǧ׵ĸ֣ôߵľ룬ô󶼻ˤˣ˲ҪӾʹˡ
סĵطƫƧ徲ضεһɽׯҪӵĵĳǱп
糿ŵӵʱ̣֮ϣƥɫĿһʮʽնɣ˴ڵɽׯ
찡ЩɫȻų򣬿񿥡һЩ˾̾
ǸͲͨʱʣ϶ʧ˴ġ
ˣȻܹһ̫˼ˡ
ΪؼȻܹյĳա
ٺ٣㲻ˣϿ϶Ӧ󷨡
ôעһĻ񡣡
кܶ۷׷ףһЩ¶Ľ֮ɫ·ϣԼҲٰܹôһʢ
ڵׯ԰ƥ٣һ񾳸֣£ɫװʽޱȣʾһȻ˽ȥ
Ǳǰɫĵ̺ľ룬̺߰˺ɫõ廨
һɸװĽӴٵıͣٵĶһЩСˣĴﻹûе
ԼСʱʱ䣬ԶһƬɫâְɫâڵס˽Ĺâ
ʥ̣ǰˡ
һâһÿһ˶úֻһ׹̳ɵĵ·γɣһɫɳ۵ĹֳȨȣɫʥ
һӣ·ǹĻ
ӭǰμСŮĻ񡣡ܿ˵˿̵һͣǸվݵ
һ˵ˣôǲϵ¶һĨЦ⣬ӵĺͰ
ãû⣬һڣһܹⳡֺáһЦ˵ȻŴʧ罵ٵ񾳸֡
Ӣǰףء
ǰףء

ʱңͷ˶ǰףһλ
Σǿ۰Ψȱһ򣬵ȻҲ¡
Щ˵һ̫ˣ֮ûìܣٶҪЩ˵һʵǿ˼ҾͲǸܹô
Щǿ̸ʱͻȻЩǿɫˣֻԶɫɫѪɫɫɫֹâ߾ͬʱǿޱȵ϶
ѪӰףذ̹顣
ħףذ̹顣
ףذ̹顣

嶼ǰףأǽ˳⣬Ȼһϰɾ˽תۼ䣬ǱǱǰ
СŮĴ飬ȻλгǰǰʲôԹմҶѣϣλڽ춼Ҫ¶ˡĿһɨЩ˵
ǽֻףģƵģܷĺˣħ񾳸ֵһЦ˵
ãȻˣǶȽɣЦ˵һɫװĽҲЦӭˣһӡ
ʱɽׯڣ񾳸ֵɫܲÿ
Ѿ˴뿪ʱˣǴȻͨɫ˶һ˫˶ЬͲϾĻɴ
С㣬ʱѾˣϽ·ϰɣϣҪΪҡ񾳸ε˵
˵ˣҲỻģ˭Ը⴩˭ȥɣƽ˵
񾳸ɫΪѿˣȴ˺þãȻһƽӣûҪ·Ĵ㣬ҧҧ˵ȵţʾһү
˵ţֱ߳˿ŵĿ
һ¶һ˿֮ɫΪ˵С
ڶûϻɴˣ˿ų񾳸˵
񾳸ɫ΢΢һǿһЦû˵ʲôȴһĶ
˿ǰȥһ߳ľʵ¥Ȼϡ
񾳸ֵȻķ𣬴ɫ΢΢Ʈƺڿռлĳֺۼ


1961 һһ
ԻͲáƮĳУۼԽԽ࣬ߵĴƵڣѾסˣܱߵһЩСУΪ
ϿգҶСҶͮգŽ󷨣ǶҶС˿öûС
ҶС׼һǰģҶͮҪǰûа취ҶСֻôıŮ
ǸղǸŮˣҶͮŤͷҶСʵ
šҶС˵ͷŶٶǰҸһ·
ҶСǸ̾һĨ顣
仰ҶͮЩݣǳǳһЦ㻹ƺٶˣûѵãҪһλˡ
ѾͷȡЦְ֣ҶСҶͮԴһЦ˵
Ҷͮʱ¶һίӣԴҶС˺ܶ࣬鿪˺ܶ࣬ҲǰǸ˿ܺµӡ
ʺرеùãְ֣ôʶģɲԾ˵˵ҶͮһӿҶС硣
ʲôʱҲôԣҶС絭һЦ漴Ŀ¶һЩ֮ɫĽʹ֮顣
ʱУǵһӣĴ鿴ﻹʱֹʲô
СӣӰӦڰˣЩӦ׼ڳǱǰлˣһһҪһõλãסˣ˷ܣҪкϷˣ¸¸¡ǵһЦ˵

֮ϣƥգ٣˺̺ǰΣʱ䣬У𣬷·Ǵ֮ÿжγͨ·Ϊ˺ܶ౶
콵䣬Щ궼Ǵγɵģӵƺϴ˵ꡣ
ֱʣǴֱʰֻ꾹Ȼܹǵǿ󡣡
ˣȻ񾳵ĸֵ̫ݳˡ
ܶð⣬
ĽǰУָ˶Զȥò
Уļ򵥵ĽԼʹ֮˵Ҷͮ
ҶͮǳǳһЦ˵֮Ĺ¶дһˣְ֣üȥģĽѩﶼûгԴף
ʲôüȥϬòãҲǱŰ̬ȣҵ̫ƽˣͲһ˵вΪ鶼⣬һôұ㸺һҶС˵
ҶСӣҶͮ룬ֲðְôŮӣԭôƭģͻ˵Щġ
ôңҶСعҶͮܲԣȻʵ
ûʲôҶͮЦҶСһЦʣ϶ˡ
ʱѾͣ˳Ǳſڣһ䣬ֻϲص֣ʱܶ˷·Ǵһ㡣
˿ŷŴ£ȥʱ򣬺ܶ˶סˣΧЩߣЩǰףصǿߡ
һЩɫѿޱȣһЩ¶ֻ֮ɫ
˶ΪᴩŽ׵Ļɴں̺ϣ绪޹£Ǿòÿ𾪣û뵽Ǵգֻһͨɫ˶ӷװĲȻϰٿǮĴƷôܲǾˡ
Ȼ˵ɫ˶ϺɫԵʶأһͽϲһ㶼
ô£ôᴩһ˶װ
ѵʲôܲɣ
϶ܣڴʲôܡ
Χܶ
վǱ̨ϵɫҲ̫ÿĿϬͶ˴ǴȻһƽӣƺûܵĿӰ죬Ҳûнʲô
䣬ýҪʲô鷢ʱһ˿ĺ֮ɫĻӦڳǱУ棬Ϊ˴ﵽһЧ߶εĻ
״ΣһŪɳ׾ĸо
Ҳþȣ׼ٰһĻ԰ŵģĿľΪ˸һصĻ񡣡εʱ򣬽ֵһЦ˵
ò˵һĽʺ֣ͽΡ
һӷ˹ȥ˴ǰŵ֡
ڣӦýԼַڽֵУȻǣǰȥʱһ
Ԥеĺʵеһ
ٳûнԼַڽֵУʱӶҲסˣΪȻƽܾܾǸڴʱһϵģϾѾˣԸĻͲˡ
ϧԸΥȫˡ


1962 ɲ
һҰɣһһһֻϲһˡ
ֹͷԴһתȻһ˵ǰһ׼֡
ϧ΢΢˰벽ֻа벽ȴͬ˻һṵ
һ̼䣬˵ĿͶ˴ͽ֣ҪҪչʲôز
ҵĴ飬ȴ㡣־㵲񣬴˵һ仰仰ȴΡ
ʲôڸʲôɹٲǸˣ
ô£ѵˣ
ٺ٣кϷˡ
Χܶ˶Ƕ뿴¼ݱ䡣
ɫѿĽһһƺЩ棬Щŭ
Ҳ֮УϾô飬ôǰȻӣܲŭ
ĿͶԶ˵֪Ѿˡ
ȻҶСʵǿޱȣ֮Ϊڶ̺̫ܹ֮γһֶصĸӦ֪ҶС⸽
ǵģˡһÿһ˶һӰ֮ٶ£˴ǰ
ӰʱΧһӷˡ
Ȼ
˭Ҳû뵽ϲ˾ȻӣЩˡ
˵һҶСԣȻ٣Ȼ̹ˣ߻һŮôûһأ
ҶСĳ֣Χ۲ѣ˭֪ҶСʵǿޱȣĴȻưոݡ
û뵽˶ٶˣ㻹ûж·ǰһɫ˶ĴҶС΢΢һ̾˵顣
͸ҵġ
˰ɣ¸һƯġҶС˵
á¶һĨЦ⡣
裬ǻؼҰɣʱҶͮΪʵĲϻ¶˿ͼӡ
ҶСҲû뵽ԼŮͻȻ˵ôһ仰
һ仰գЩɱȻΪҶСһκһЩдſϷɫ
ߵĽɫѿ˼㣬Ҳһ
ⶼˣ˼Ůˣ㻹˼ҾлҲ̫޳˰ɣܶ뵽
˿Ҳȳͣĵһֱ㣬֪Ѿˣǵıܹá
ĿƽͶҶͮȻֽĿͶҶС磬ƺҪһ͡
ŮҶСָҶͮ˵
Ҷͮ˵ͷ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ҷͮߵԣĸ첲һһ裬иͣΪȣЩ˶ȷʵ˵Ĵ̶
ҶСĿɨһˣƺų֮⣬Ȼ֣Զȥ
ҶСһĻʱŭ죬ٶˣû֣ǽȴҶСǣ֣һȻӣ˵Ǿ޴ĳ
վסһȣ赲ҶСǰڴ˳ֵĻʧ罵ٵ񾳸֣ö񾳸֡
ಡ
ܱߣһɫ׵ĸֳ֣ЩֵΪȫα񾳣һ񽫡
赲ңܹ赲𣿡ҶС糰һЦ˵ûнַУѾ񾳳ڣʵҶСл̫ˣ񾳸Ҳ赲
һҶСʵҴ֮գȴҪȥʲô˼ѵԼʵǿɣ
ӣǿҺڶٶǰѾʶˣȷ˹ϵһֱûйڲУõ˭⣿ҶС絭ʵ
ԣ϶ҶСѾһԶˣҪȻҲҶС뿪
Ŀ΢΢һƳһȻҶС˵ͬġ
Ȼͬ⣬Ȣɣûͬ⡣ҶС翴Ž˵¶һĨâ
ҶС仰һ˵˻֮ճȻޱȣҲ򲻹ҶС磬˵Ҳ˵Ƶ˼㣬οҶС˵ʮȷӿʼڣû˵Ҫ޸һвһԸѡ
ҶС磬ʲô˼ŮĻѵҾͲܹڽϲ֮գ㲻ףҲˣǰȡ֣㵽ҪʲôѵΪΪֱΪΪˣ񻺻ϣҶС˵
ֻҵŮ뿪ǣ֪ҵˣΪλҪ޸ˣѵǹԵģҶСʵһɿµƱ
һͣס˽Ųߣѹ̫ˣȻʱĸ֣ǴʱҶС绹һ˿֮С


1963 Ⱥ
ҶСŮ飬Ҳ֪һЩǰΪҶСǸʱֶԼŮкøУҽֵĸ׺ǹʽ˲ͬˣû뵽ҶС羹Ȼǿƹ
֪ҶСûĻȻͬġ
һʼǾҶС츳ãû뵽ҶСô̵ʱڳԽ
ǰҶСͻƵ񾳣ѹиֵʱ֪ԼСˡ
ˣֻܹӲͷƤȥˡ
ҶС磬֪ʵǿ󣬵ҲܹƻŮȥôǰǵСϷܹƭ˭Цһ˵
˵仰ʱ񾳸ִͬʱ֡
һѵóȥҶСĻᣬյĻûлˣοǶҶСɵޱȣ˭ҲԸôһǿѹͷ
ʵǶͲҪװˣҾͷҪ뿪Ҫ赲ĻҪûǸʵˡҶС˵
˵úãСӣ֧㣬ԼȻܹøˡʱһȺдƺǴ˷һ㡣
һһҶС֪ǹǵۣһΨ²ҵ
һΧܶ˶׷ɫѿѣɨҪ鿴ǸˣǸͲ鿴
ȻҪƻһôҲֻܹˣһ
ɲǼ䣬һ¥󱬷ǿĹâÿһ¥󷨵Ľڵ㣬Щһ·Ÿޱȵơ
䡪
ϣһһк£С
һǿƽ٣ҶСȫ֣ƺҪҶСж
ʱѾΧЩ񾳸ִЭ飬ǶҪȥҶС˼ˣЭܺôɡ
ҶС磬һˣҪ뿪Ҳ̫˰ɣջᱻɢģ㻹Ƿɣʱһ˵ƺı壬ҶСıа
㱾ûʲôӡҶС絭˵
㡭Ĵӵۡ
ҶС磬ôԵҪƻȻ壬Ҳ֪Щǿõġħ񾳸һЦվ˳
һ仰˵úãʮһ׮飬أڣͱƻεĻ񾳸֡

塢ľ塢ѪӰ񾳸ַ׷վϣȫҶС֡
Ӣˡնҵ񾳸Ҳվ˳
Ϊ˶ԸҶС磬˶ʮ񾳸֡
ǻ濴ңȻе񾳸ֶˣҲãҿЩ˵ʵҶСһЦ˵
һ֣ǾҶСߣϷâƶ䣬ƺҪء
󷨣عһתѡҶС絭˵
Ǿû˿ףâ֮ų
ǡ
֮ҶСһƬռȫ飬ָУһЩعϸ߷׷նϣͬԶһ󷨵·Ҳ׵Ľضϡ
һĻЩ񾳸ɫ׷һ䣬ƺ˲õԤУѾóֵ׼ˣҪ˳ˣ
֪սҪʼˣΧ߷׷ȥΨֲ
ҶСĿɨսȻʵҪ뿪ﵱȻ׾ٵ飬òôõĻᣬҲȫһսԼվܹʲô磬⻹ͻоսս
̺
ʱһһ񾳸ִһ˫ִһ켣ӡʱ䣬ƬؼǹݻΪһƬƬУˮſµΰҶС
ǻԭ
һһ񾳸ȫɫâһɫâ۱仯һС㣬ЩСǿޱȵĻȻܹƬնȼա
Ѫϡ
ħá
׽
һкڰ

ת˲䣬е񾳸ͬʱҶС֣ǿֲޱȵΰϢУһЩ¥׷׵Щ¥ϿƣȻܲס˶񾳸ֵѹ
ơ
ҶСûг֣Ǿ˫ƺΪ˱â֮ɨ
ع˿ߡȫֳ룬ʲôãã桢ʲôԭǻ𡢻ʲôѪȫ飬ЩǿĹҶС绯Ρ
ǵĹҲˣȥһսҶСЦһȻǾҶͮƿնȥ˲䣬ߵĺ
ûС½غԶ޼ɵս
Ƭ̣Щ񾳸ߺ׷ǰǵɫܲÿղô˵ĹȻҶС绯ˣж


1964 ̫ʧ
ߣãã󺣣ҶСһȻվ໥ͻںһƺһһɢȥ
ҶͮѾʧƬռ䣬ѾҶСõĴתƵ˾һԶĵط
һԶտֹͷûܹ˺ǣãҶСʹһս
ҶСոߺ򲻾ãǶʮα񾳸ֱǰǽҶСΧһǳ֮ɫЩ񾳸⣬񾳸ִڣǴԶƺҶСܺ󣬳
ҶС磬̫Դˣʵûдﵽֺɨһеľ硣ҶС˵
¼ͬʱҲ֮Ѻۣôֻ򲻹ҶСĻ´Ӵ˺Ƕûˡ
Σս֪ҶСЦһ˵ϵƸǺޱı˳
Ϻ˾ͣһεԺʩһѹ
ԲԣҰãã׵ͻ͡
һǰ̤һһ׵֮γ˳仹¸׵γ˺
׵·һ׵֮콵䣬֮ҶСȫ֡
ţǧ곤ӣȭأǳ򡣡ħ񾳸ְȻվһ仰·𴥶ĳع֮
īգ⣬˱ͬһΰһֹϴʷӵϢһ׳֣ϲ˸··ܹӷҲܹӹٶȡ
䡪
ûκεףһȭȭ֮Ϊ磬ҶСվƬռ䶼ڱ
ޱѪ޺š
ѪӰ񾳸֣Ѫ֮ɢһȵſһ£һѪѪУĹӰ񺿣ҶСצӰ˵꣬˻
ֵͬĹʧ罵ٵЩ񾳸ֵĹʽȻͬǽعۺܹΪǿ
ʧһ񾳸˫ӡƺؼĳһֵӿҲӿ۳һڴӣһڴӱ·Щ·عγɵġ
һڴӴƺҪҶС絹С
Щ񾳸Уľ塢塢ʥ񾳸ûг⣬ֶ׷׳֡
ǲֲǲ빥ҶС磬ΪԺгͻڶҶС硣
ô񾳸ֵĹҶСȻûг֣ռ΢΢ƺκ
ơǾΪ³һ֣Ϸâ֮ȫӿ֣γһ
ɨâ֮Ϲ˿ߡ
ԶԶȥֻһ׹пЩȫʧ·Ǳһкһ㡣
һǿƥâ֮Ҳȷʵǿ󣬲־㣬Ψһȱ㡣
ǵĹٴαҶСķնƣÿ˵ɫÿһЩжһ˿ľ⡣
Ҵ֮ڰʧ
ɫâ£һ־ϢƺܹеһжΪޣϵӣ·ϵۣŴȱ֮ɫն
񾳸֣һƾһգһѰɫУһֻңһ֧ɫ֣·֮һ㣬ҶС˳ȥ
ľܣСɵĽѾȣһֵƣ·ɸһգһƬƬ̵ҶƬ٣ÿһƬҶƬ̺һƺܹ˵
˵ĹǾ˵ûʲôѶȣһõĹâһжָ·Ǹղûгһ㡣
Զʮ񾳸ֵĹҶС粻ɳһ߷ȻͽǵĹΣһһɺ⡣
̫ˣʵȻѾ˾磬ô񾳸ֳ֣һ߷治֪ȫܹﵽʲôز
ٺ٣һοҶСҪһ쳹½ˡ
ҾҲǣǾͲˣ޴档
˭ܹõһεĴ飬Ȼܹݱ䵽ĳ̶ȡ
Զۿһսĸַ׷۵
ΪѾָʥ۷徳ĹǵۿһĻҲ࣬и̾ҶСʵǿޱȣ꣬ҲǶ֡
ܹΪɣǵ
ʱҶСһ߷ΪһڣĿһɨ˿ʮ񾳸֣̫ʧˣѵֻôһʵ𣿡
¶һĨʧ֮ɫ


1965 ˽Ծ
ҶСĻЩ񾳸ɫѿޱȣ˵ĹҶСһ߷ΣȻҶСֻһ߷Ǵ߷ϲƶϳҶСǿʵ
Ǹоޱȣ·оԼ˸ܵص衣
ҶС磬㲻Ҫ̫⣬ղŲǵһѣиǿĹ㣬ǲ֪ܹŵʲôʱ򡣡ʧһ񾳸ֶҶСɫ˵
ҲضҶС磬ƺһֵĹ
ʲôǵȫʵóɣǸղŵֹĻ͹ɣҪﶪۡҶС˵
Ȼˣұ㡣ʧ罵ٵ˵

񾳸ִһ˫ӡɢƬС
һڣãԹΪǼܣΪƲģһ޴񶦳ⷽء
ҶСλñ񶦵ģⷽس׵ˣҲѾı䣬ҶСҲ޷ãһƺҪѹΪһŵҩ
񾳸֣ûиı򣬶˳ƶΪŷǿĹҪҶСնɱ
εĹϴǿˣǲҶС絭˵һ䣬֪̾ڱ͡
ߣҶС磬Ƴһ˵񾳸ֺ˵ƺԼһΪ⡣
ıĹ̫ˣûн򵽼Ҿ͸죬ơҶС˵ûйĶлһȦȻһ·ǰĹ
һֹոձγɷΧڵĹ΢΢ζ񾳸ɫһ䶼Щƿزס
һƬĽǺ˳һ޴ĺХӦ
ռζ粨һɢҶСûзЩ񾳸ֳȫڹĽ£ɢˡ
ǡ
γһѷ죬һӾͱˣƬռĹָҶСָֻж
ۡ
ڹĻң⵽˷ɣһһѪˡ
һĻЩɫ׷һߣԶЩѪ񾭸ɫҲ˱䣬ҶСг˼ɵ⣬п־塣
û뵽ԹѾ־磬ԹղžԲ򵥵һøıĹ
ҲһɣҶСĿһɨ˵
ЦҿޡұҿҳաҾ壬Ҷġ
ҶС缫ΪƽƬռûκεĶֻһ仰ɢɢҸıǵ·ɼһ㡣
Щ񾳸ÿϵı鶼ͬϲ򱯻޻Цǵʧķһ㣬׵ħ
ãһһ˹ɫ˲԰˺ܶ࣬·˾Ĵˡ
˱ܲԾһ
Щ˵ıɣǸͲǽ˻þǱҶСȾ
ۡ
Щ񾳸ֶ˹ÿ˶һѪɫ԰ޱȣˡ
һҶСĿǺȻȻ綼˵ҶСĹʮ⣬࣬˷ʤǸû⣬һǼֹĿֲ
Щ񾳸һѪһĻΧĸֿУЩ֣ɫϱãƺԺԴҶС̬ȡ
ղõʲôֶΣȻôֲô񾳸ֶˡ
֪ղûж̫ˣ˶о㤡
¶붼ǾĹѵûпղЩ˵ı𣬺˻ǲ˼顣
ҶСȻеĵһ֣ûܹѹƵסˡ
ٺ٣Ҳǰһͻ񾳵ˣܹԸЩҲ֮С
Χ۷׷ףÿ¶ͬһЩ˴𾴺ͳݣһЩ˴ļɵЩ˴ɱ⡣
Щ˶ѹסҶС磬ȵǧ󣬿¸ûܹѹƵסˡ
㡭ʲô˫Ŀ΢΢һУҶСʵдļɵ
ʱʱȻҲһȴûм˹Ĺʽֹʽ·Խʱգֱӳ˵Уôܹ𾪡
ǰҶСʵǿ󣬱Ҳǿ󣬵һֲ䣬Ͼʱˣľ飬˭Ҳ޷ģǽղ֪ˣʱͷ㲻ʲô˼ʱޱȣȻЩϼһ
ÿŹâҶСĵʲô


1966 һȫ
ʲôҪҪܹܲ赲סҶС˵
Ŀһɨ˫лһĹ켣εϵƬط·Ȼһ䣬ƺʢĳС
߸¥ϣͿϢȫһŨŨƽͼ
ҪԽȥǻ񡣡һѵ
һƺԼֻС
ϧͲʲôþҶСԼһУʵһĻ
ĶƽͼУʱƺúܿ죬תۼ䣬׺ɣ²ɣܶ񾳸ֶƺ˽ȥΧһ¹ۿˣ·Ҳ˽룬һɵĺ쳾֮ɢÿ˵ڡ
һЩûеҲ쳾֮Ⱦ
һͼһƽͼҲɺ쳾࣬ûܹӵù
һЩ񾳸ָоԾ׷ױǿɢΧЩˣͬʱıһع򣬽֣ƺֵʲô
ʵҲ֪ΪҪˣⴿһʶΪ˵Ǳܣϧƾôı䣬쳾֮ΪΪвɢϢʲô赲ˡ
ɺ쳾죬ƽƽʳǣҵ쳾࣬ݡ
ҶСƬ쳹һͼУҲҶСΧЩۿˣƺʲôҲ
ƴ쳹ƬأƺƵ糱ˮһ㡣
סҪһ˵оԼȻҲһҪĸог˲ĸо
е˶Ҳ֮ϧҶСĶͲǹ
һɹ֮ɢȫЩ񾳸ڡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСͣһĻҲʧΧҲͣоԼľƺԲ˺ܶࡣ
ҶСΧЩ񾳸ߺɫȻһ䡣
ۡǶһѪҲѷ죬·Ҫһ㣬Ϊҡ
˿ҶСĿҲûսˣǼɵǶδ֪Ķǳ˿־壬˭Ҳ֪ҶСǵʲô࣬·ڲ䣬ͱˡ
ǲǸоܺ棬Ҫ֪ôǵģҶСĿһɨϴŵЦݿ˵
˶ĿͶҶС磬ɻ󣬺֪𰸡
ٺ٣֪ҾƫƫǡҶС翴ϴһ˿Ϸ֮ɫ
㡭
Щ񾳸ֶҶСһŭ֮ɫ
ٽһаɣܹ赲סҾͷ뿪ҶСϵЦȡ֮ᡣ
˫лƬ̼䣬ƬؼѩӣЩȻƺ̺һ
ӺҶСջ֣һʧⷽأƺҲ
ѩȻ£ȻŭЩ񾳸ָоһǿƻǵṹ

һҽʧ罵ٵһ񾳸ȫǴһ飬Ƭ̼ҷ𣬾Ҳʧ
ۡ
ٴһѪܵˡ
ߣ뿪ĨһѣߵѪ˵
Щ񾳸֣׷ȥٶȼ죬ѾܵƬе쳣Ҫܹȥ뿪Ƭء
תۼ䣬Ƭûһ񾳸֣ȫ˲뿪ֻΧΧ۵֡
Ƭ̺ΧΧ۵Щִźȥ
ʮ񾳸ΧҶС磬ҶСնɱһˣˣҶСһƶûУΪҶС֣е˶ǱҶСնɱ
ǿ󡢿¡أ˶ҶСۡ
ȻҶСûնɱЩˣҶС壬׼Ūʧʱʲô顣
ÿŮӣ̸ʱؿƿ˵ΪѾ۷壬Ӧ֪һЩʱˡ
Ǻɱˣ˲һǵοȻ۷壬ǻкܶһֹûȫԺУЩȫҪնɱЩ񾳸ֱ֣練ơ
ҶСͶʮ񾳸һսȫˣԶսһĻ
ҶС羹Ȼһжʮ񾳸֣ѹʱҶС˵֮һˡ
̫ǿˣҲ̫˿ѾûĶˡ
ԺúӼһɣ˭Ҳ֪߶Զ
ǰһźһܹѧһñ졣
Сýϣ˵ҶСЩ񾳸һս飬ԽԽףʲôҶСһ磬Щ˶ˡ


1967 ؿռ
ҶС뿪󣬽Զۿս˿Ҳˣ֪˿ǴΪʵŮӽá
ղߵʱ˽˿һߡ
ҶСһѹ񾳸ֵ飬Сʱʱ䣬㴫硣
ЩҶС𾴵Լ˷˿Ƿ׷׻˵˸̾ĻЩǣк޵ֱҧƺ޲ҶСȥ
һҶС˿Žٺ󣬴ĽѩҶͮȼŮڿУǻš
Ȼôһƽӣ϶һ˿ЦݣҲʱ˺ܶࡣ
ʲôأĵôģҶС翴Ůʵ
Ů˵顣ĽѩҶСһۣѾ˺ܶ࣬Եһĸ͵ˡ
㡣˿ŽһȻ嵽˴ߣȻ
Ըõ˿šͯҪһһľܿȵȣǼŮһĵúˣҶСȫ׵һߡ
ôһҶСƣƬָ̣ûԼķݶ˵һ䣬ţҳȥˡ
ҶСƵ뿪ŮЦҲ¶һĨЦ⣬ƺҶСζǱӣо档
ߣ춼Ҫ˭㽫ӹôĿࡣĽѩܲ˵
ҶС绹ΪŮΪִһŮؼңÿû뵽ŮΪͬҶС粻һ㽫
Ů˼Ѿˣǻվ˵ĽǶ˼ˣˣڴͬ飬ΪһҶСŮС
Щת䶼ҶС֪ģϾ˶ꡣ
ʱ䣬ıŮܶࡣ
뿪һҶСֱӳ񹬣ոڣмƯŮӣŹɹǰ
Щɹ͹ڣЩϧֲģЩڵƳɵģһζƺǸȪÿһ缡ġ
ЩɹһųϺЩŮӶ뿪ˣҶСոպһС𣬳ɹһ֮ʱӿ񹬡
Ӱ֣ϻûĵƱܹŸոϡ
ʲôҪ飿һѯʵ
ҵΪѾ۷壬ͬϲĻ޵УӦøʱһЩ˰ɣҶСĿѯʵ
֪£黹ԽͰɣҶС˵ɫһӣһöƬҶС
ӹƬȥǾȵĿ񣬡Ѿؽˣ
˵ͷ˻Բѵʱ㼸Ρ
ǶʱˣӦúϤɣҶСЦЦʵ
ҡҡͷαʧˣ֪ǲʶǲش⡣
뿪ҶС㽫ĿƬϣöƬƺ̺һܹйâ
һɨͶ˽ȥʱ䣬һͼԺУȫŷͼ˳Ƭ
ѵʱһЩƬҶС
ɲǼ䣬ʧ񹬡
ڵأһ޴ɽ嶥ҶСӰ֣˫ĿйâƺԿһС
Ȼ䣬Ʈȥһ㣬гµĹ켣˲ʧ
ֵʱѾһƬ޵Ŀռˣ޿ռУԵĸоһռ䣬ǸռϢ͵ɽʱǸռϢȫһ¡
һһѷ֣ǰ̤һ˾ʧƬ޵Ŀռ䡣
ؿռڣһϵʯϣҶСӰ֣һʯźϴνһģһĸȴͬ
ϴΪ̫ˣֻǸܵһʯźܾԶ·ǧһ㣬ɢһبžԶĲɣ֮ƺ֤½棬²ɣʯһ̺·Щ·ƺȻģΪ̻ġ
һĻҶС粻һֱʰһʯŵˣȻѾﵽ˺ͨĸ磬ҪȻʯҲ
ʱĿͶʯ룬һ۵Ӱϡ
㣬ˡҶСһ
һӰŤͷ¶һžգЩȣ漴ݸһЦû뵽ʵô죬Ѿ۷ˡ
ٿ죬ûнĿ졣ҶС΢΢һ̾˵ѾŮӵΪѾ񾳡
ҲǻָҪٽһΪѣ㲻ͬķչռܴ봫˵еǸ硣Ů˵


1968 
лл㼪ԡҶС˵һ䣬ȻСߵغŮߣǹȥĻȪ
ʱ۹ȻܹȪɭɭ׹ǣ޾ĻӰǻȪˮ̺·Щ׹ǡ
Щ׹ǣЩӰǵǳս񺡹ǣȻѾˣǲл겻𣬰׹ǲࡣŮĻȪص˵˵˸С
ҶСһ䣬ƺһ֮ҪŮ˵ˡ
֪ʱԴŮӻʵ
ҶС˵ӦǸʱ˸أȻġ
ߣ˭ܹôıֱӾ͸أδӤһ㣬û˽̵ȻʹÿӳԷ֪ôø߿Ƽֻıܣݱ֮£ҲܣһӣΪôһӣյ˲ŻŮһ˵ĻҶС˺ܴĳ
ôܣԴɵģܹʹùߣγ˿ѧҶСǲŵ˵
ûл𣿡Ůӷһ䡣
⡭
ûлȻܹӣ˵ëѪҰԴ˻Ž˵ֵǸʱų
Ȼż䷢ֵģȴһ򡣡Ů˵
˶٣˵ʵʱ֮ǰһ貵ֻǲ֪ʲôԭǸ׵ʧˣȻʧȴȻЩۼ
໹޵Ľ׶ʱЩķʯƬЩʯƬĪĵϣȻǸʱͿЩʯƬʱܻú泩㲻ЩʯƬʱʧֵϵӰ£ǣ˺֮Ӵ˺˴ʱ䣬Ҳתࡣ
ʱһЩֻһЩǰߴԵ֮Ͳܳ٣ȫɱһЩ֣֮ЩʯƬһ׸Ϊǿĺ֮ʱţĸֶսҲŵսУԽԽ࣬ҲƣԽԽǿһЩ˼߾˱㻮ΪΣӵأǷΪ񡣡
ŮӿҶС˵
ʲô飿ҶСɻѯʵ
ǳ٣عǹƽģеñʧȥЩ˲ôʱϵᱻɣƬҲռعķ˸ı䣬񾳣Ҳǳ
ʱΪԻͲõÿһ񾳸һԴŮνǷɧһʱصľ䣬ÿ˶ΣûܹһĴأЩΪ۵Ҳˣֵ಻꣬ʥֵҲ಻һǧ꣬ЩΪ۵˲һꡣ
һʼЩʱĸֻûʶ⣬һѪݽߣ˥϶ЩΪ۵˲ʶԣΪܹþ˸ֶΣе˴صĹӵֻ⾳ȻȥȴܹһֱȥǻЩ߼ˣǴаĹ˾ѪΪãȻԴ
ϧعûа취Υַʽֻܹ⣬ȴ޷󣬾ü콾оеЩǿķϧ̫ˡŮ΢΢һ̾˵¶һĨ⣬һ˿ķŭʹޡ
ʲôۣҶС粻ʵܹһ񾳸ҲǸۣһΪ
̶Ҫɱһ񾳸֣һߣȡعǿѪʩչǿУıһع򡣡
ҶС粻һһΪۣǿиıƬصعǶôǿֶΣǶô񶾵ĳ
кܶ˲ͬɣҶС˵
ȷʵкܶ˲ͬ⡣Ůӵ˵ͷ
½󣬹ϰģΪЩѾˣ˭֪ǸûзͻȻһ죬һǿħˣħͼΪ޵ӣȫǺɫЩħܹ߶ΪһЩħȻΪΣʵ쿰ЩΪ۵񾳸֡
ЩΪεħʵǿ󣬶һӵпµǻۣǴħбɱ¾Ϊ˶ԿħһˣͬԸЩµħһ˽ǧ꣬һʼʵǿЩħϧħʵࡣ
ȻܹΪ˳նɱЩħһļƻһָװĴ󲿶ӣǣסһЩħȻȥնɱЩǿޱȵħǾǵն׼ƻ
ϧվǳ˾޴ıʡ


1969 ı
һսУȥն׵Щ־Ȼ⵽ħΧ˲أħĴ󲿶ӰǾΪǴսЩΧĸֲ֪һжһıЩνħһֿĸģǾΪսȻնɱһĸ֡
˵Ӧǳɹˣϧȴ˾޴ıЩħȻǵƿˣٺ٣ǶôЦ飬ЩħǶնɱЩȫӽʧ磬Ǹ޾գͬʱǿĽȡһսЩߵѪعǿиıǸĹĹһģǸıˣҲı䡣
ǵ룬һǧٿ׵Ĵ½ŵһЩˣϧնɱħʣһЩħȫӡ˾֮£Ǹʱĸȫˣֻôһ֡ŮϻȪ˵
ҶСףνĺ־صĿռ䣬ռУܵǿҵĲ֮ǲս⡣
ôһ£ҶСѯʵ
ħ߸޽ϵĺЩ˱죬壬ǲһȺֶѣΪѪȥһЩ֮ǰ½޾ͬʱӡ
ʧҲЩǰӡģҶСɻʵ
Ҳȫǣǿиıععľޱ䣬Ϊ˲һЩΪ˳عӰ³ɹķӡסǸʧ硣
ʣЩôûȥʧ磬˵ȫȥʧģҶСʵ
ʧһƵ磬ع򲢲ȫٶȼԽ󣬱Խ񾳸֣ԭ̤ôһƷϵ磬˵ע⣬û뵽ǽǸΪء
Щֱӡʧ磬ʣĸΪ˸ָһƽ͵磬Щ˵ΪǴתĹɣǧ䣬عȱʧӣ񾳸ֵΪ˻ܶ˶˻ʥڵǸȫµĹǸĶŶȻӰ죬Ӱ첻ôǿҡ
ҲǴʱڣһƬһӰ˶˸ֿٵĿռУԴ˹꣬Ļָ˹Ĵڡ
˵Ǹ඼ǺԳݱģЩ˳Ϊ񣬾ǻĵĸŸɣ壬ȻЩѾǴˣϾѾͨ飬Ȼŷ⡣
ҶСȫʱĴ顣
˵֮䣬ȫΪǵṵ̂֣û֪һУΪЩڲĸӰ쵱Ǹܲȶعġ
㣬ЩʧֽҪʲôҶС粻ʵ
붼ҪռˣϾǸʧ粻ڣӱԴȻ磬һԭǾعпָܻʱǰĵزڸֵܹڷչϰ꣬˷ʢĽ׶κعҪı䣬ЩʩչĽ飬ߵ͵һģһ񾳸Ҳܻһꡣ
ҶСһ˵㣬˼˵Ǻпٴηֽ
ܣЩʱĸѾ꣬˭֪ôʲô˭Ҳ˵Ψһһ㣬Ǿǲģʲô顣
ô㣬ӦøʲôҶСǫʵ
ΪƿڵǸ磬չʵҪԵĲʧĸ֣ЩӡħŮ΢΢̾һ˵
ЩħӡҶСɻʵ
ⲻһ֣ǲǱרŷӡģЩħӡ˾֮£Щ޲ͼħھӦ֪ħʵжôǿˣΪȫûκεƿֻҪܹ֮
ҶСҲǿ쳣˺ܴвЩ޲Ϊͼħѣ֪Щǿħʵжǿ
ˣһ֪ʲôıʧ֣øΪ
ڿʼǸ㽻ˣΪӦúһͳǸɣŮӿҶС˵
ǺףЩô죿
ʲôô죬ȫնɱ˾ǣʲôù˼ɵģһȺְˣŮɱڵ˵



1970 ħ׹
ŮɱڵĻҶСͷ亹ֱɱҲ̫˰ɣȻҲ֪ı죬ǣҶСݣնɱΪߵˣΪ͵ˣȫնɱ飬ҶСû
ôѵ㻹ǣŮӿҶСü˵ƺЩ΢΢Ĳˬ
ǣǣֻǾȫնɱĻе̫̣ǳòˡҶСϽ˵
ѵͲǵʱˮŮӿҶСʵ
£ֻҪסеҪȻԹԵҶСʮ˵
Ȼģô±ãСģ»ɺܴѡŮӸ
֪㣬ˣ㣬׼ҶСָָȪеЩ׹ǺͲлʵ
Щ飬Ȼ꣬Ȼ޷ǣʧЩ˱ţǲݣңȱǲӢ黹Ϊһʱ䡣ŮĿ⸴ӵ˵ƺһĻ˼
ðɣȻѾ׼ˣұˣú׼һҶС˵
Ůӵ˵ͷ
ˣ㣬˵껨𣿡ҶСͻȻѯʵ
껨ΪǸŮӣŮЦЦĿҶСѯʵ
ǣϸ˵ҵһŮˣΪ۵ŮˡҶС¶һ˿ʹһ˿ĺڡ
껨ºΣաŮԥһ£һ˵
УҶС¶һĨϲɫЩȻΪѾֲױ¶Լеľ磬ԺʫʱȻ¶ǿҵ
һͷŲµŮӣʹǧꡢ꣬Ȼ޷Ůͻ
껨ڻȪͷֵĲлɳģȪͷʲôҲ֪ҴûȥƬطŮɫصĿҶС˵
ҶС˵ͷ֪޴ĿռЩΪ۵ĸֲöɵģ̺Ŷܣ˭Ҳ֪
ұȥǸҶСִ˵
˿ûʲô壬ûʲôֻкʫһˣֻ֪ܹúʫĻӰɢ
ȥСĵ㣬ɽڲûգ껨ӡŮĿҶС˵ͬʱеɫâ۳һ껨䣬һ껨Ϊɫɢһܹ˸о궼ڵ
ҶС˵ͷһԾ˳ŹȪɱȥЩлħһ㣬µĻȪ֮ˮҶС繥ȥ
ЩлҶСûᣬЩлȽϴ̺һֲʲŭ־ҶСֱԼӰЩлꡣ
ǸողȵҶСǰʮ׵ľ룬㽩סˣȵٴηӦʱҶСѾʧˡЩлֽ˻ȪС
ҶСһֱУһƬ󣬻Ȫ֮ˮҲǰǰϹ죬ͬƽϪͲȪ֮ˮ
ۣһٻصġ
һΪ࣬ȴԼƣҲʰ
־棬һնʧ硣
ǳʧ硣
һƬռУһʵڻصŲܹնʧЩͽԣŶԷӡЩħĵǡ

ʱһˮֻһֻ״ƺĳ޵İ׹ǣӻȪг˳źɫĻ棬һɼΪаϢ·ܹһ¡
¸¸£ڳ˷һһֻɭɭ޹ͷдһݺͷЦݡ
ҶСضһ޵Ĺͷбų⣬䣬һͷʱĩЩħĹͷ
ףȻࣿҪ¸ˣ¸¸¡Ƿ쳹Ƭء
ʱƽĻȪ֮ˮľƺһµ֮һּΪŭ
ߣǱסҡһֻħİ׹һƺЩ֮ǲмתͷĺɫעһҶС磬ȻҶС
䡪
𵴣һ׹βǱһҶСݺݵĳ˹׹β֮ռݣݻ˻硣
¸£ʶʱ֪ԼҵĶֻ֡׹Ǻ˵ƺԼΪǿһ㣬л¶һ֮ɫƺҶСվüΪ⡣
޴ҶСһһ̧ƳʱǺһƺƵӿȥ
ꡪ
һ޵İ׹ɲǼһΪ˻ҽеĺɫҲϨ
ֻһƣҶСֻħİ׹ǣһ˷ܵ洫ϿƺЩлҶСղǸħͷ


1971 õ껨
ЩҶСǰУҲ֪˶ãƽĻȪһ껨һ껨ͬǰ㣬ɵҶƯڻȪһ껨ӺüƬɵҶȥ¡
껨ҶСɫһϲ׼ɹȥ껨ժʱƽޱȵĻȪˮĽ˵Ӱʱ껨ܣ껨ȫΧƺҶСõһ㡣
һĻҶСɫһ䣬ȻŰ˵Ӱֻǲл꣬ȴɢһ񾳸ֵϢƺܹıع񾳸ֵơ
ô죿ѵҪ˲ɣҶС۷ΪҲ˵лĶ֡
УҲܹҶСмᶨѾ⣬ǸʲôĴۣҪ껨õ֡
ͻȻ䣬˵лиоһֲʵһʹޣҶСĿһ˲һ⡣
ɢһ񲨶λǰ껨СӣСһλǰնɱЩͽɱʧ磬ЩΪλǰᣬΪЩս˶ᡣ
һһƺǰ˵л꣬˵л궼תͬʱҶС磬˵ϬĹâҶСϣƺҪҶС翴
԰񾳸ֵĲл꣬ҶСоѹ޴ƺаɽѹϡ
Ƭ̺󣬰˵лͬʱջĿ⣬ͬʱ˵ͷһ˹ϣ㲻ҪԼԡ
˲䣬˵лʧ·˻ȪС
ҶСصһ룺ҶȻԵġ
һ껨ǰйâɢ껨ӡȻժ£˴ռУȻԭ·ء
̤κźŮӺĿҶСʵõ껨
šҶСЦĵ˵ͷ㣬㻹ʲôûУ
ûˣȥɣܽеҪȻʱͲŮɫص˵
áҶС˵ͷʧ»صǸ޵Ŀռ䣬Ȼ󾭹Ǹ޿ռ»ص硣
ǸؿռһУ֪ʱĴܣҲõ껨ջΪΪؼ껨ںʫܹõĴڣȵʵʱԸʫ
ףҶСոսȪзΧڣͷ⣬һСɽϣӰվһҶСʶСһһ꣬ΪҲѾα񾳡
ҶС粻ͣ¶һ˿ĺ֮ɫ
С˫ޣΪһɾжãΪҪܾϴһĨ벻ףɻ
ΪβܹܾСޱ˵ȻŤͷͻȻ䣬ҶСĿһһ˾ʧˡ
һĻҶСһͻƺһֲõԤС
ʱСѾǰһϤǵıҶСĸ첲ϴſĵЦݣе硣
Ҳ˹СҶС첲һĻʱɫһ䣬¶һĨ
ܾҵɣ궢Сʵ
ǡСԴпҶСļϣһҸӡ
ɫĸΪѿˣĿתҶС磬ո׼ͻȻ䣬۾ͣһӡ
Щŵʵ㡭ҶС磿
ѵҲ񣿡ҶС練һ䡣
һǿһЦҶǰҲ֪СˣǸǸ
˵ţϽһ룬·ǺҶСһ㡣
æܵıӰҶСЦЦȻܹΪôһС¶֡
ˣѾ뿪ˣ÷ſˡҶСԴ˵
лл硣СһЦ˵˫۾Сʱһ峺͸
Ǹ궼޲ɱҡҶСЦЦ
ˣһʺ䡣ҶСͻȻԼһö컯
һͷ컯УݸС
С˹ȥʵʲôл̺Ź򡣡
컯ڵʵݶܹȫûʲôãò˶ʹﵽ񾳡ҶС͵
лл硣
࣡Сһ˵ӣȻҶСһ£ߺ졣
ˣϽȥɣҶС絭һЦ˵С˵âһͽС͵һһĵϡ
ԼѾһСһƣһ¶һ˿ĳԣղŻ׼˵Ǿ仰أ
ҶСվգ΢΢ҡҡͷСɢвȻܹϧѾſʱ˼ȫ˺ܶࡣ
СϲԼΪ𾴡ǳݣʲôԭͲö֪ˣЩȻϲһ˵ԭ򣬵ЩҶСԥĽС͵졣


1972 ȸ
ϣΪʹĲޣ飬һҲˡ
ҶСԼӵЩŮѾˣŮӣһԵʱ֤һУĿѾĸϡ
ŮϤıҶС֪ʧЩ˿ܻиͼıҪͳһΨȽʧЩ˳ȥ
վһ䣬ʧƬռ䣬һһĵǰ
ʫģһὫġҶСᶨĿ˵һ˾ʧˡ
ʮ㣬ҶС翴˿߽֯һԲ壬ڱǺʫꡣ
һ껨Уһֹâ껨֮ıѾʧˣΪ˴ҩȻЩ˿߽뵽˺ʫϡ
Щ˿۳ɵ޷赲סҶСߣҰУʫƺһȫһʵޱȣҲû־Ҫɢס
ҡ
ҶС˵ֱʧˡ
һһ֮ϣҶСӰͻأ˱ĵһѻɵ¥ǰ
ոճ֣һӰͻأǰдż֮ɫЩ΢΢Ĳ
һӰ飬ѾҶСķԸھһԶĵϽһٻ̳ҿ̻󷨡
ڿ𣿡鿴ҶС˵ΪҪıȸΪȸ˺ܶ࣬˿׷ڲ˶񶾵󷨣ҿҶС磬ҶС֪ҶСа취
ΪôһϣһֱȴԹ޻ڣҪȴԼȸҪˣôܹˡ
ˣߣҶС˵ͷˮҶСʹҵʫʲôʱܹ
ʫȸͬʫֱӱݻˣҲɢҿ񸶳˸ʩչŽʫ꼰ʱջأҪȻºʫѾʧƬؼ䡣
ȸֻʧһ֣ڣ˸Ǻѡ
лҶСĻʮָм˵
лҴӦġҶСЦЦ
˵ͷȻʧԭأʱ䣬鱳һڱ˳ҶС˵ͷȻʧԭء
߳һһ˲Ĺ㽵һϣĴһ޴ޱȵļ̳̳Ͽ˷ġ
ʱڼ̳жʮʥ۷ĸֿأЩֶһˣǺ˭̳ݻ˲˿صġ
Ҷ̻ҶС˽٣Щ˹˵
뿪ɣκ˽ӽҶСĿһɨЩ˵
ǣҶЩдһ˿˷֮ɫƺΪҶСһ㣬Ƿ׷ȥվվĿܵһС
Ӧô鿴ҶСʵ¶һĨڴ֮ɫ
Ұɣһܻ鷢Ҫ׼ҶСѵ
һ˿ɻ֪ν¼ָʲô
ʩչǽлпֵܽĻٻЩԹ޵ĻǿܻûռȸҪСġҶС˵
ģһСĵĲκεħռȸмᶨĺ⡣
ҶС˵ͷһ죬鱳ŵıױƾ״򿪣ȸӱƳ˼̳ϡ
æ´ŵҶС硣
ʱ̳ϣȸƽɣɵλ̳ϵ·໥ӦͣȥΪ졣
ҪʼˡҶС翴һ˵
վڼ̳Ͽգ˫ֲͣлһӡû뵽˼̳ϡ
աƮɢھꡭɣ
ҶСһ˫һߴӡƺĳħһ㣬ƬعĶ
ˡ
΢𣬼̨ϵǻһ㣬пתȫû뵽˼̳С
䡪
ͻȻ䣬̳Ϲâɣ·еһߣȸԼϢɢҶС˫ѾͣѾȫˡ
ҶСû˿ͣׯ£ŹŹֵڣЩ֮ĳĪ
䡪
ͻȻ䣬֮ƹŭԭȵ˲ñޱȣЩ紵ܶ߶̲סһǾ֮ɫĿҶСڵ졣

ԽԽƬУһƬ⳹׵ıסˣԶԶȥ·һƬؾ˼


1973 ɹ
һϰٹ⣬Ƿأƹŭŭ˵꣬·ܹ˵˺һ㣬ΪǷ׷뿪Ƭռ䣬ƺֱܹ˵Ĺͷƻڲṹ
ҶСпȻһһŹֵڷƬһЩ˿߱顣
ͻȻ䣬ж˼ӰЩӰɢϢצҶС˹
ǸոմﵽҶСʮ׵ķΧЩӰԶ飬Ϊ˴ʧƬռ䡣
ЩӰֻǳˣʱ
ء
ЩӰ񺿣Ŷָ
¸¸£ؼˡ
û뵽ҾȻҲлعһ졣
ñµ˶÷ҡ
һ񲨶ƬռлصԽԽĻӰӿЩӰʵҲԽԽǿ
ͻȻ䣬һӰż̳֮ϵȸȥƺҪռȸ
һ˫Ŀбų⣬һߣһӱ㽫ǵӰ顣
תۼ䣬ⷽĻӰһ㣬ǼɵҶСƣնɱֻǻУ١
š
ҶСһޱȵڷЩӰȫ飬ӡҲʧˡ
ʮӵʱһȸһģһĻӰƮ¶һ˿ãٶȿΪڻǽȸڡ
ʱҶСָһʣ֮һ껨ҩȸüĽ롣
ֹͣЩŹֵڣ˫ֿٵлһһööĴ˫ּųһĪΰȫû뵽ȸڡ
Щƺȸȫ̳Ϊһ壬Ƭ̺ҶСͣ˶³һ
ҵȸôˣҶСͣ鼫ΪŵѯʵǱЩģЩ£ƺȸܹ
ҶСһ£԰׵ϻָЩѪɫ¶΢Цһļ򣬡õģѾعˣΪԭҪһʱ䣬ò˶ãȸѹ
ллллؿҶС˵
лʱʹڼ̳ϰɣЩƵĴܹ̼ѪҺͨѹҶСĿ˵
ףһһֱȴǸʱ䲻ܹٲˡ¶һ˿Ǹ⡣
û£Ҫˣͽˣʲô飬֪ͨҡҶСЦЦ˵
һ˵ͷ
뿪ҶСصһѾǰˣŮȻڿĵţҲ֪Ƕʲô
ǻܹ˵ġҶСǺһЦ˵ȻɳϣĽѩոպһĹһ
ǲġĽѩҶС˵жôǿƣҶСʱǸСŮһ㡣
㶼ҵģʲôҵġҶС綢ĽѩٺһЦ˵
Ľѩ̧һҶССȣȻһۣ˵ߣܽЩɣҪǸίȥЩѧԱ
˵һĽѩ뿪ˡ
Ҳе飬ˣġͯ˵һ䣬Ҳ뿪˿
Ů׷׶˵Լ鶼뿪ˣֻʣ˴ҶͮҶͮһһ֮䡣
󿴿ҶС磬ҿȻһίĬĬ뿪ڣֻʣҶСʹ
ڵȵһ죬ˣҶС˹ȥŴʵ
ǰѾˣΪһЩ᲻£֪ѾˣҪѾˣİҵƽ˵ҶСȻܹܵе˸С
һ꣬ΪͻƣͬʱЩѪɫʯͷ˻ģû뵽֮㡣СҾֻ֪һ¹飬һŲף̻Һܶࡣ
ĹرҪ飬ն飬ȻΪΪ˺ܲ˱㳢ź㽻飬ϧ˽ȥҪӽն飬ŷôѣֲңһ·ܼҲˣֻѰաӰƽ˵
ȥͲҪˣô˵Ѿ޳ˣ飬һġҶСĹâ˵
˵ͷȻԴҶСļϣȥƺЩƣ
ˣҪȥϢҶС̽ʵڴŮӣҶСǱŽ̬ȡ
ãҾȥϢˡ˵ͷȻվ¥ȥһ͵ҶС硣
Ϊܹ˼û뵽ѹûס
˾Ҫһ㣬ҶС룬ȻΪһӰֱӽȥķ䣬һȻˣƽˮľ͸˺Ρ


1974 
峿ʵ۹⣬͸һ󷨣ɢλһʹâӲͶ˽ǡ䵽һ޵Ůϡ
ΪߵӰ죬ҶС˫Ŀþû˯ô̤ʵˣŤͷһֻһѩ۽ĲĲϣӣѩ׵ļ͸¶õ죬һҹ֮ĺۼ
һͷɫк̿ջʮ㡣
һʼŲǺʫǰ㱣ɬǵͷ£ͬǰ
Ϻʹ¸ˣҶС粻һ̾
·Ȼ¥ֻŮһ֮ɫĿ
ôңҶСĿһɨŮ˵˼ЦЦ
û뵽ôһƽŮӾȻ̵ôķ񡣡ᰶҶС˵
ǲ˵ıԡҶСٺһЦȻɳϣһһӣҶͮܶµΪҶСһζģɡ
ҶСӣŮһһۡ
׼ʲôҪȫ𣿡ŷǧҶСѯʵ
ŮҲĿͶҶС磬ƺȴҶСĴ𸴡
룬ҶСɨһȻ˵ǧͬʱȥһҪҪ˵
ҶСǲ˵ʱЩģ룬˵ȽϺãϾǿչҲҪһɣҲΪԤЩħʧĸ֡
˭Ҳ֪ʧȺ˻ʲôı֪飬Ҳ˳⡣
ŷǧ΢΢һ㶣漴ҶС˵ͷȻ˳ȥһӺ˽
һĿƼٷչݿܹ֣ȡһݵʶ𣬻ܹͨ䷢ȵܡ
ͨݿŷǧѾͬʱһϵҪ
ҶСһӣȻ˳ȥ¥ſڣһ͵Ļ飬ڶ࣬ڸݲ£ֻܹС
ûжúһڵҪȫۼһһα񾳸֣ʥ۷Ա
ķչһ͸֮ĲԽԽСˣʥ֮иֵѾû˲ΨһĲα񾳸ֵϡ
徭ķչΪĲܶͻƵα񾳣Ҳ֮С
ӵʱ䣬һеҪ񶼵ˣǶĿͶҶС磬ҪҶС羿ʲô顣
ҶС绷һ˵ˣһΪҪϢ˵һ£ϵһķչ
һ˶֪ʱһԻ貵ֱ񾳸ҲضǣһʱΪЩʱĸֻʧһЩ˽뵽ʧ磬Ҫ˵Щ顣ҶС翴˵
ÿǺ棬һȤӣÿ˶֪Ǹ買﾿ʲô顣
˶ٺҶСɽŮӸ˵ĻһȻ󻺻
ҶСĻʱһƬžƺûˣһÿˣȻ뵽˺ܶʱ飬Ψûв뵽Ȼ
һеΪ
ҲǣʱЩΪ۵ĸ֣ӵһƬΪΣӵǿֶΣҲĲƸԴŮ˵İĤͻȻ䣬ǷǵҲģǻƣⲻ˭޷ܡ
Ҷѵ˵緢չ˼ºعҲı䣬ߵʼ˼ƣһѯʵǰսŵˣѾͻƵα񾳡
ҶƺѾˣ˶ĿˣҶСΪҶˡ
пܣ˭Ҳ˵صİǾһҲȫ򣬲ҾԺܴ󣬱Ͼ߽ĻعУعƱҪһЩı䡣ҶС翴˵
ô˵أʵվʧЩ˵λϣҲûʲôΪҲΪ˻ʱ򣬶һЩĲ飬ϸ˵ȷʵҲˣȻҪնɱǸʱһĸ֣ɲһܹģĳ̶ֳϽЩѾħˣջ󡣡
ûʲôģƬҲһ̫ˣҾûбҪôãֻҪʵĶɹÿһ죬Թ޻ڱԡ
˶̰ģ¾ЩУҲ볤ġ
ΧʱǸ⣬޾ĳ̸еЩʧˣеվڹĽǶϷȵȣҶСţ˵뷨


1975 ݵļƻ
һһҶСüͷЩȫ۵Ķʱ飬ȴûһ˵ǰ⡣
ˣʱЩⶼҪۣڲ˭˭ǵʱҪһһԺΡҶСĿһɨ˵һµѹһš
ʱ䣬˶ͣǶҶСܲǸղŵľٶһͷ˼һ
ҾΪ˷ֹʧЩʩչʲôı뽫Ƕסǽ٣Ψһİ취ͳһ˶Ĭʱһͻأ
ҶСһ¶һ˿֮ɫ˵һǰľʦԴߺ͵͵˺ܶ࣬ھԵʵǰκıƶֽϻ
һʵѾʥ۷壬ѾܲˣϾš
ҶСû뵽ĿѾپһһˣΪֿǣѾ˺ܶࡣ
ͳһ˷һɻ֮ɫ
ԣͳһͳһʧĸû㣬ҪȻ⣬ʵȻΪǿ󣬶ЩҲħĺʱһЩ峼ħɸǵĵʵھҪδѡŹâ˵
Ҫͳһ磬̸ףȻһչѸ٣ҪԿͲܡһҡҡͷ˵
ǰȲ˵壬ǻڲЩĵ̶±һǿ󡣡һĵ˵
ߣҪ־Լ磬ѵսǳصģҶҪԸҹǸҾ͹Ǹ˵˵һս
ǰҶܷԸǲκˣһһַָ׷Ӧ
ҶС簵ҡͷЩȻģȴıԣֻƥ֮£Ȼս
ⲻǳ־Լ磬˵ʵǣһŷչ;ڣûأȥͳһ磿˵һŮӣΪαڣ츳ҲΪ˵á
󣬸ղߺȥһսĴүһϾǺӵƨɣͨޱȣ޲Ҹѷȥ
ûһ˷ΪŮ˵ʵ
ȻУУôͳһأʵ
ʱ˵ĿⶼͶϣղͳһȻа취ˡ
ʵͳһǺѣҶĸֿã岻⹥οҶԺ޼ɵնɱеһЩˣ岢Ҫȫնɱǿնɱһ֣ãȻǳ˵￴һˡ
ҶС΢΢ͷҲͬĻŮӵĻնɱȻܹδȻоʧһնɱһ֣һ֣ôͻһԿʧҲһʤ㡣
ӦôжأҶС罫ĿͶ¶һµɫ
ҶСʻ鹧һּûǼ
ڿʼˣмĺС
һƽһ飬һŵ˵ȰڣҪͳһڲ֣ȹ壬Ʊػļɵϣ˵вǸܵУɹʸͲߡ
ʵ˵ίһЩǳɹʲߣѹûгɹʣȻҶСʵǿǲ٣һֻʣ˸ˣǾûʲôˡ
Ȱڣ˼ͳһģһһ˵
ͳһģڲ⣬ڼɵҲʲô뷨ȶͲһˡڲʵңȺһˣȻ˵Ϊһ壬ǸͲǣЩʧ񾳸ֵˣһǳôҲͲƣֻǵһ
ڶͻڲЩϣڻûһ񾳸֣УǶȻͬʱʮʮ꣬Ǹʱͬǣ˶һ־УǱһǻΨһʥأͬʱЩľӢӵܣû˾ӢӵܣûһԴǱ᳹׵ıǵսϡ￴ˣ˫ĿĻ۹⣬һ֪һ㡣
һܶ˶һ񶼲ͬˣ̫ˣһݶļƻϾѪѪҺȡǵľӢӵܣǲòͶһ
ʱҶѰ¶е˶һɵĶһȻǶʵɵǶǻۡ


1976 Ϊľ
ǵһ׶εĴżƻָ̣﹧ؿҶС˵
ҶС¶һĨЦݣ̵ָҲ˵ãһ⣬ҽʧ罵ٵЩȫնɱôܹ֤ǾԻ᳼ǣ¶䣬ʲôпܷ
ҶС綢ϣܹ˵һ
ɱ˼ûУֱӱųһ֣һɱӺ
⻰һܶɫˣ˲ǻ۳ȺҺʱУΪõģ˭û뵽һлôһ˲š
ɣҶСѯʵ
ɶǣһ˴ǣ年ᣬĹȵȣֻҪǺ˵ķʽͷϣ֤ݣͲҪʱһľʦһţȻ嵥ǻȴ˸о¡
ӣҶС粻ţ˵ǻҲʱ˵ãﲻԷȻҲܵĽ۽ȵйأڿⷽ츳֮ϣ̶̰ʱ䣬Ȼɳô࣬һʵɱ䡣
ãܺãıȫ߲ıһ򣬲ı߲ıһʱǰɳô࣬ؼ۽ˣǰĿֻһһ磬һľʦְ֮ĪˡҶСĵ˵ͷ
뷨࣬ԽĸϣȻʱȻ˵Լļƻʹ㣬øҲǲƽ
лл١ɫ˵
һþʦΪϣľһˣȻҶСǡ
һЩ˰Ȼʵߣǻȴ˲Сƣֵùע
ʵҪȻʥ۷廹ǲȵʧķӡȫʱЩǿ˽٣ʵԶԶҶСĳĿ˵
٣ҵ츳֪ģҸͲϣҩҺҶʥ۷塣ɬһЦ˵
һгҲж̴Ķ̴
ȻˣҲǿˣһ㰲α񾳸ֱİȫҶСε˵ҲܹͲϲ츳ٲֻҪŬԿ࣬ȻܹͻƵα񾳣ڵعͬ˺ܶࡣ
лл١ٴθм
ҶԺ󱣻ξʦİΣɣʱһα񾳸ëԼ
ɣҵΪѾα񾳺ˡ
ɣ

Ϊ˳ΪڣЩα񾳸һ
ǶǴˣ֪ļֵһʾá
һĻҶСɫѿһұ졣
ҶСһȣһӶͣһ
㿴ʲôӣﲻǲгҶСһɨɫܲÿ˵΢΢ͣһ£˵ģɳһ֮ʹߣɳһ֮ʹ߱ξʦİȫ
ǣ١дһ
һɫһ䣬һѾ˺ܳʱˣǾȻûв˻ǸܵĴСȻҶСʹߣҲ̫ˡ
ʹ߱İȫҶСٿʵ΢ʱѾ뵽ˣȻʹڵΪαڣٶȼ죬òȫ뵽񾳡
һͳĺ󣬵ڶӦʲôҶС罫ĿͶ
սǸսۻȻǵҪȻΪ˲壬˻ɣǺͻļڹרŷͻȻսȻЩǴżƻѣȵһļƻ󣬾һ£Ͼ仯ԶԶȼƻ󡣡˵
ҶС˵ͷļƻȫֱ̫ͬˣû뵽ЩԽˡ
һʲôûУ˼ҶСĿһɨ˵
ԼòƸûʲôеļƻļƻ̫ԶˣֱͲܹȽϣҲļƻ̫ˣһ̫ˣûһ˷ԡ
ǶûʲôˣҶСĿһɨ¶һĨʧ֮ɫҪĲһçʱҪ˧ţϧ
һЩҪ˵ʱһ
ҶСŤͷһȴСԼգһ۾¶һ˿ĵƤ֮ɫȻ˵ղξʦ˵һµļƻǶⲿļƻڲҲҪӦļƻڲĸֶѵȵȡ
ҶС˵ͷȷʵҪСҲ˵˵ϡ
СĽ飬˶׷˵ԼһЩĿƻȫ˺ܶࡣ
һĻҶС粻ͷĲ˵Ľ飬ֻԾգղΪؼġ


1977 
һУÿ˳ԣ˵Լе뷨ȫȫΪһ룬ȻЩ˵Ľܲȫ棬Ҳһġ
ԼСʱʱ䣬ûʲôˣƬػָһ˿ƽ
鶼۵ʱһϸļƻҶС翴˵
ǡһŵ˵
ѩᰣŬѵЩѧԱϻ֮󷨶ϤҶС罫ĿͶĽѩͷᰡ
áĽѩͷᰵ˵ͷ
ЩҲŬѵÿһʱȥѧϰͳò˶þбս٣н飬һֶҪ͸¶ȥҪȻΣǻ֪ġҶС˫Ŀ˵
ҶС˶̲סһһ˿ľ壬ȻЩһҪ֪أȻ˵ģҶСֻעһ£ҪһС˵˿ڡ
ǣҶǹ˵
ˣɢ˰ɣҶС˻˵
ۼһЩǷ׷ȥһûЩ˶ʶˡ
֣ǱҶѰ̡ռ¶СѩŲѩԶȵȡ
û뿪ҶСЩɻɵ˹ȥһЦʵǻʲô𣿡
Щԭпܺ͸ղŵЩƻйأȻ˵ЩѾ˸ǱϾǻЩˣһ˭Ҳˡ
ٺ٣ӦýС磬Ҷ֣ǱȻһֵӣ˿ûΪҶСݶı̬ȣһǳá
ʽϵʱ򣬽Ҷ˽УôҶɡҶС뿪Ц˵
⻰˶һҲЦݣ֪ҶСΪѣѾ˶ٶ꣬ҶСΪѾﵽ۷壬ǶԴȻˣжоΪ
²֣Щ˿ǶὫ˺顣֣ǱƲƲ˵ȻҶС˵ģǶѾٶûһһˣǡᣬǾһۣģ֪æ˾ô
ãҾ׼ģû뵽龹ȻôࡣҶСǸĿ˵
ʲôطѾһķضιһɣҶСЦſ֣Ǳ
ٺ٣Ҳмطûкúù䡣֣ǱٺһЦһӲϵĴҶСһ
ҶСףʱЦһΣأŦ㲻ֱӱһû߻Ϊޣ;ɣ
֣ǱӣϽҡͷ˵ǻˣˣС磬֪һҷ꣬ʳܲҪͣҪһס
ð˷ܵĹâ߲ûӣһα񾳸ֵûС
֣ǱһģҶС֪ķȻҪȻ֣ǱҲӡ
ãͣ˵һңҶСѯʵ
ζӣҷڵʳԳƵζǻѱȽ϶࣬Ҳ֪Ǹ˭۸Ȼôףٲࡣ֣Ǳɧ
۸ףԲȥԡСЦ
ָԡ֣ǱŶС˵ͻȻ΢΢һ̾Ķ̫óˣҹܲסԼͣҲܲסɣ
˶˼ЦЦżҵֵҲһĲȻ浹ǳ˲١
ŶʳζӣȻôƳ磬Ǿȥɣ˵ӣҶСҲȤһɨһУʳζӾȻϰټңЩģÿһҶǱ
˼һĻҶС粻ڴ
ߣҶЩˣٺ١֣ǱЦһһֻ첲ҶСļϣǺøһ
ҶС粢ûֱӴ˲ƣǰչشӴУһһεĴ͵Ŀλá
һĵ죬ϸ¥ִϢСһ˿Ĺ⣬ַĳ̶ȿҶСۻҡ
ɨһÿһĸоܲͬɨ·Լһ߸ɣУ·Լ˽ȥһˣӲͬĽǶȸͬ
ȻһУֻһ췱һ췱ĵܶ࣬ķչһ򣬼ȻͬںִϢֹŴʿϢ
ϢҶСоǳ


1978 ζ
չ˶꣬綼˾޴ı仯Щ¾ɵĽＸѾȫʧˮֽͳܲסսʱ
ĳжƳɵģһУһָ¥ϣһֻľʵģһľʽϲƣҲΪǿ
ֵϣҶСܵһķһٵĻöûиܹġ
ôǲЩ棿֣ǱٺһЦ˵ƺղҶСĹ۲С
ȷʵˡҶС˵ͷ
ٺ٣Ҿ֪֣ǱһҶСļ򣬡ҵһַĵطйʱҲָоϢĽȻͬһ˵ϵĸо
ҶС˵ͷҲΪģͻȻ䣬ҶСĿһͶԶһľ¥һľ¥һоŲ㣬ΪʵҲΪ⡣
ҶСȻܹЩľ¥ľͷڣȥƣ󷨴ʦؾͿ
һľ¥߻һϲ˵鶼ɿ
ʱһ֮ܰƮһζƺζһ㣬ԵüΪ⣬һƺܹϴ˵꣬ʡ
ǰζӣ֪λʦʳҶСгһĨȤ֮ɫ
Ҳζӵĺ̨ȴÿûе֣ǱһƵ˵
ŶҶСһĨâ
ģ̨Ȼһڲˣˡʱ˵ƺ״ʱҶСе뷨
ǾУһΪˡҶС絭һЦղȷʵģ׼һζӵĺ̨û뵽̾Ȼ֪˼Щ΢΢⡣
ôأһɭϣҶսĵϸ񳹲飬鲻ܹ׷߰˴Ͳ˻̽͵
ǺǣʵҲûʲô˻Ҳ޷˻ҶСһŵ˵Դʵ
̰ҶСһۡ
üĿ顢ﲨЩԺοʱ֣ǱԹ˵˸Ͻ֣ǱԶԶģƺһʶӡ
ҶСҲϽ˲뿪ԣߣȻ˶֪֣ǱǿЦҲЦרŹ֣Ǳ
ʱһѾ˰ζǰ
֣Ǳһ˵һԱϽкһϤӣҽֱӴ˾Ų¥
߽ȥʱ򣬺ܶ˶ĿͶǣϴ֮ɫȻҲЩ˽ĿͶҶС磬ϧҶСƺһ㱡֣ûܹģǹŤ˭Ҳ͸
ķһߵ˾ŲһС䣬ڣӴԿλһƲʣ˸о·ƶһ㣬ʫ黭⡣
ŮԱȶһɹһЩЩѵģԣЩ£˵ֶζѡ
Ų˵˶ԵһЩȣȻ໥̸һ
ѵҪǿģҶСɻʵ
Ȼ⣬пһЩҩֲģζԲ֣Ǳ̾
⣬ܹգһҪúóҶСЦЦ˵漴Ŀһɨ΢΢һ̾û뵽תۼѾǶٶˣʱ죬ΪҲĺܿ졣
ǵΪٿ죬û죬ǵʱΪǸ߳һ㣬û뵽ڲྐྵȻô󡣡̾һ˵ĿлһĨԹƺڹҶСôʱû
Ůҵ£ѲˣҶСҲ²ʲôһӺŮ˶ϵǳƺŮԵںһЩŮӵĸ飬ҶС綼ͷޱȡ
Ŀǰ˵ȻŮѾ̵еһԱҶСо֮仹Щľ룬Ȼûͱһϵ
ǾԶһ㣬ڻǿʱ򣬲ҶС翴﷢ëƺԼʲôԲһ㡣
Сʱ򣬻Ƚϳ٣ҺѰʱ磬ǵõСʵŸոͻƵ죬ǲ֪ǿСʵǿ󣬱սһ֪̬̫ǿˣûѹס֣ǱһƵ˵
ʱѩ˪һĿŹâƺҪ˵Щʲôȴû˵
ҶС翴У˵ӴĻܾҪˣǲҶС֪粻򵥣һ˵Ǻѩ˪ڿѩһĻҶС̵ӡ
˵ǾԼɣڻǸм


1979 
˶£ÿж֮ɫ
ܶԽԽ볤󣬳ͶˣҲûյĵʱжۡ
ԲѾ˰Сʱʱ䣬˵Ŀ⣬иȫˡ
ٶôô죬ٶҪȴСʱ֣ǱСֹȻ˿ץһֻõĲ֪ʲôСȿһζӡ
Ͻ԰ɣÿҶϤˣ̫ҶСĿһɨ˵漴ƷζһЩѾк˵Ŀ⣬вȡ
˵һڣҶС¶һ˿ɻƷ˼ں¶һ˿Ź֮ɫȻĿͶԲգֻԲ˿˼ɵץһ鿾С
ҶСĿ⣬Բյһ䰢ӷȻʵҶʩζô
оЩζܹԵҰζϰķ˾ͺˡҶСĿһԲա
һģҷһҶʩԸġԲɫ΢΢һȻ˵һȱ֮ɫȥȫһȱӡ
ζѾǼƷˣ㾹Ȼ˵ζҿϰ岻һͻ֣Ǳһſ⣬һ˵һֲ˼ҶС硣
ҶСûлشĳ
һ߳һģ˵յĻ⣬ԺĴȵȣ֣ǱҲͦҰĵģҶСʮȥɨСҶСûͬ⣬Ҳûоܾ
һٷСʱŽ
ҶС׼˵ʱһסˣˣûݿ񲻹ǳԷĶҪĲǽǮǻ֡
ٷɣҶˣڳԷҪݿҸû⡣ҶС粻˼Ŀ˵׼˳Էģû뵽һԼȻûлָˣ̫ûˡ
ǰɣС磬ûݿ֣ǱСֵĿҶС磬ôأһ
Щ֮ɫ
СͲҪЩһģҪ𣿡̵һЦ˵
Ҳ㶼ƹһУٺ٣Ҫ̧ԼݣǶȻҪ֣֡ǱҶСһЦ
𣿡ҶС絭һЦʵ
ЦģЦġ֣ǱϽ˵ˣײˣһΣһҪݺݵһ٣ٷҰɣ
֣Ǳһ۵˵һٷֵƣһ˳˺ֵܶ࣬㹻֣ǱˣȻǺںֵֻˡ
ıʲôѻǴϵģıٷ֮ʮǲˮ֣װġ
ӷ𣬸λʩǡЩĻ֣ε˾ɣԲջ˵ת߳С䣬׼ˢ֡
һԲ˽
ҵ׸簡ǰСģû뵽㾹Ȼô󷽣ġԲ˽֣ǱһӱסԲգһ˵
ÿʵѾ׬㹻ˡԲպ˫΢΢һУ֣Ǳ
ʲô˼֣Ǳ΢΢һʵ
׳գǰζӵˡʱҶѰ̲ס˵һ䣬ԲѾ˵Ǹˣ֣ǱȻס
ʲôζӾпģ֣ǱָԲյɴ۾
µһ󱿵ѵ㶼ûгԳЩζǳϤ𣿡ʱСһЦ˵
ǳϤ֣ǱȻһɻӡ
ʾһ£ϲɽСٴ˵
ʱ֣ǱԺлһ⣬ǴʱһԲգԲջǳ˿⣬ԣǸζ
ԲպУ㡭Ҳ̫˰ɣֵܵĻ㶼ˢһٶ˰Ҫʧٻأ֣Ǳһ۵˵ͬʱҧԲգƬֽ̺Ŀ⿴ҶѰеˣһߵ˵ðԭǶ֪һ˲֪Ҳ˰
֣Ǳһӣ˶͵Ц
ӷ֣ʩһΪѾ˳ÿˢ֣Ϊ̫ˡԲһǷ˵
ƨҵĻָͲãԺøѡ֣ǱԲա
ѣûвͶ飬ÿҸۡԲҡͷ˵
߰ɣҲˡҶСЦ˵ͨ¼ҶСҲ֪ԲպҲΪʵ
߳˰ζӺ֣ǱȻôҪԲһЩ֣ھס֣ǱĥӲݣӦ֣ǱÿԷۡ
һ˶ֿˣ뿪ʱҶСĿЩãЩӣСƺҪ˵Щʲôȴû˵


1980 Ǳ뾩
һ˷ֱҶСһ·˼һһÿһ죬۲ԼٳһƬʥء
ͨ˵ӽǿȷʵܹܶ࣬ҲܹһЩǳȴյĶ
ʱ䣬ҶСһֱĬĬߣоԼ񹦵һ㣬˵һڣ˵вֻҪ֪ܹ֪
ҶСػһصһֻ﹧վ¥ȴҶС磬ƺѾ׼ҶСһʱ
Ȼֻж̶ʱ䣬ҶСЩͨĶи˺ܶ࣬ϵʸȫͨһģһͿǳ
١ҶС֣﹧˽һ
Ѿ˼ƻҶСѯʵϴŵ΢Ц
ǣ٣Ѿˣһ¡óһļƻ˹
ҶСӹ󣬴ŷһ£ԽԽⲿƻ鼫Ϊϸ˸ôȥһͳĸôȥͬϸļƻ̡
ãˣһȥ˽һ¸ȻһݲϣЩڶļƻȻڶĵطżҶС翴˵
ǡ˵һ仰󣬱뿪һ
صҶСͽƻŮŮԺ󣬷׷̾ļΪϸЧѡ
ҶС֪һֱ֤ԼУ˱㽫еʱоһϣû뵽һȷʵ츳Ȼһӳɳֵزȫɱ䣬ֵûһıߵڣð˳ҶСȻ˲ѡ
ȻƻѾƶǱҪʼʵʩҶСһϲˮˡ
ҹҶСɳʮα񾳸ǰ񾳵ҲȥȥҪΪǵϢϢ棬ж֮
˺ܶα񾳸֣ˣα񾳸ڸسָ㲻ʲôȻעһ㣬עӦòߡ
˶ΪҶСᰵԷչһʱ䣬ҰģϾһʵţ˭Ҳû뵽˶֡
ʮα񾳸˹ȥھдһʱ䣬ȵ˵ʮ죬ҶСӰ˾ȻҶС״̬˭Ҳ޷õ
һڣҶСͻȻ併٣һɳʮα񾳸֣кܶ˶ǾĥѵˣɢһɷΪڵһӾͻᱻ˷֡
Ҷ
Ҷ
ҶС٣Щ˹Ľе¶һĨ˷ܣ䣬Ѿ֪ˣжıĵĸ֡
ҶС΢΢ͷĿһɨʵڶĿˣ
ѾˣǵǶѾ̽ˣֻҪҶǲһӱܹĿնɱһα񾳺ڵĸ˷ܵĹâǿҵս⡣
Ѿƽ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳʱ򣬽һƬˡ
ܺãҵ¡ҶС˵ȻĿͶһԳǺ«ֵʱСĵ㣬ҪΧˡ
֪Сһͷ
ȻΪѾ˶꣬ԽԽǸˣȻѧϰ˺ܶණԸȻˣûаֱ˪ȣ͸¶һֹ龫֡
һһζĳǺ«ҶС΢΢ҡҡͷȻʧˡ
ܲڣʧ񾳸ͻȻ䣬ͬʱ˫Ŀ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ӱҶС˺ǻһֱղ֪Ϊ鷳꣬ûҪȥƺҪʲôµ鷢һ㡣
ûһǾĳӦһ㣬ͬʱ˫Ŀ˹
Ҳоˣһ񾳸һ˴
ǰ֪ΪѵҪʲôˣһ񾳸˵ͬʱüͷ
ΪԽǸ֣عԽ࣬ҲܹоһЩϦղͨ˵Ѫ
Ѳ׼Ըˣһɻ˵
ôܣг񾳸⣬кö񾳸֣˭ܹôĵԸǣ¾ҶСҲûʵһ񾳸ʮŵ˵ȴ벻׽Ϊһֱ
̫ˣĪҪǻģҪ֪۵СǲǸٶȷչʱӵԽԽǲ
ܣǱСһ㣬ͬʱӴ˵ķأǸǶоŨŨĲҪȥҪȻ綼Ҫɴ
ǰʵ̫ˣôΧȻȫˣһǣ¾ǸʱЩΪ۵Ҳˡ˵񾳸Ǽɵ


1981 նɱ
ͻȻ䣬ղ˵񾳸ɫһ䣬оƬذһ񾳸ֶ˵ˡ
ԾǼΪĲԾеĲԽԽǿˡ
ĿܵʱһƷâ֮Ȼпռ䣬һն˹
ۡ
񾳸ָûзӦһӱҶСնˣ˵ϳһѪɫѷ졣
ҶСΪͱߵĶ࣬ο͵Ϯİ취Ǿ߷ϬȻûа취⡣
㡭㡭񾳸һŵӿҶС磬ΪҶСͲܹǳ֣ϾҪֵĻһҶСѾȫնɱˡ
ǲ֪ҶС֪ʱ飬˱仯ҶСԴǵ̬Ҳͬˡ
񾳸ѪϵһӱҶСնˣҲֳ롣
ҶСһ߷һͷ㽫Ǹ񾳸ֵ̺ǿҲǳӲôȽ϶ࡣ
ҶСݹα񾳸ʱҶСıһӳһ񾳸ǰһӡ񾳸ϣǿӿ˽ȥ
ǡ
񾳸ֵƬһѷ죬Ҳѳѷ죬ɴ۾ҶС磬һ仰Ҳû˵

һ΢񾳸ֵȫˣͷҲһƬ̺Ϊһѷĩ
ҶСİɱǸͶ㲻ȥ
˿ϵĺۼҶС¶һĨĸӣ漴ɫᶨ˱ʧˡ
񾳼Ϊף֪ҪĥѣôˣҶСҲ˵˸УǵѣҶСЩ˱˸ҲҪӲĳնɱ
ʧ罵ٵЩ˹ﶼһָ߰·ǸǸһȵ磬ǵͼ磬Ǳ͸һȡ
ҶСһѹסˣǻֳĸţ߰
ڣҶСǾ·Ϊ飬ÿһӶи
ʮӵʱҶСˣȻʱûȫնɱЩ񾳸֣α񾳸֣ǲ˲
˵һڣҶС˲֣ʱһʧ罵ٵһ񾳸ֵӡ
ϵɢûһһӰͳ˸ϣһˣʧ罵ٵһҪ˵
֪Ͻǰʲô£ƽҶС˵
ʧ罵ٵĸֶɣҪҪ˵ǷܹͳһйأǲšҶСһ֮ɫ˵
ɫһ΢΢ԥһȻ˵ͷðɣ
Լϵĸ߿ƼƷʧ罵ٵĸһȫۼھ
ϣѾ֪׷ʲô顣ɻʵ֪ô£ýĻƺЩԾﲻԾȴ˵
ѾˣܺãܺáҶС¶һ˿ЦݣʱӰʧˣǰס˶ԷĲӡ
㡭㡭ɫǺ죬ûа취
ҶСӻָһĻɴ۾¶һ˿ľ
ллղŵϣʧ罵ٵ˶ҪҶСΪ˵
ǡ
ĲһӱҶСˣһɿµݻ꣬
һкҶСʧˣݵĲ
ҶСһ׼ʧ罵ٵȫնɱΪ˴ﵽĿģֻҪ꽫Աٻ
ʧЩȻһģһʼսԼʧˣ磬ʼһȫնɱ
ܲҶС粻ӵʱͽеȫˣԼһ󷨡
ӺһӰپǶʧ罵ٵЩˣȫڲ
ҶСûżĵȴţȴ˵ĵȻɱһŹ
ѾȥǸϢĸں̵ܶʱھѾ֪ˣǶЩʧٻ֪ʲô顣
ǲһʲô¼ҪȻҲ˶ع飬ô룬ҲԲҶС׼ʧնɱȻշ
ĸڲӣҶСЩ˸Ͳ֮£Ŀǰ֮Իʧ罵ٵЩˣȫΪԷʵǿ󣬿µȵʵǿʱ򣬾ͻˮ


1982 ɱ
ҶСվھϿգڰй۲һ߷ܲʱ׼
һСʱʧ罵ٵĸֶѾۼ˾кܶһֶѾ뵽ˣһûн룬һֶʥĸ֡
ʱѾˣҶСֱӿܲĴ˶ܹȥҲܹȥǾ߷ѾΪһɱֻҪзâ֮ų
ڴͬʱҶСʮα񾳷һϴһ¾еЩʧ֡
Щ˷׷׶жɱһ㡣
һֵϣһյĿߵĽֵһ֮ɫͻȻ䣬һǿֱӱһ⽴

ɱˡ
һֵϻѾǵö꾩ûзֹ컯֮µɱ¼ˡ
ܶŷ׷ܣЩ⵽˭նɱˡ
һͥԺڣһģٻ飬ͻأ䣬һӰҫϵɫͬʱ̡
ء
Ƭ̺˵ͬʱըѪɽ
ܶطһɱ¾Ϸӵʱ䣬ʮˣĻ̻̣ĵʲôˣΪ˲ܡ
ô컯֮·ɱ¼
òǱ˰ɣ
ᣬղһ˵α񾳸Ϊǲ֪Щ˵׵˭
Ҫһʱ䲻ƽˡ
ܶ˶׷£ΪͻȻɱԵʣϺܶ˶׷׻ؼңȥУ±
ھܶ˸¼ʱܲڣ񾳸ֿʼһЩĸ֡
ҶСղ鿴һ״
ܲһڣ˶ʮ֣Щ񾳸֣˶α񾳡
ٻ֪ʲô飿
пͳһ½飬ʵ̫ˡ绹ΪķһɲͬϢ
ôˣѾôʱˡ
æģ̫ˡ
ףܲԾûζһѪζʱͻȻ䣬һ񾳸ü˵
Ҷʱƽ˶һſɢζһ߲鿴Χ
ȷʵѪζѵʲô飿ߣǳȥһα񾳸˵¶һĨ֮ɫȻȥҲ׷˳ȥ
Ƭ̼䣬һ㳡ʱ䣬ɴ۾ֻ㳡һ߾ʬУȫʧϾѪȾ˹㳡
Щα񾳸֣Ҳ񾳸֣һĻ˶ɴ۾ǲԼһĻġ
Ȼڲд̣⡭ôܣʧ
ѵ϶ûڣһ˵
ǿǵƶǱһնɱܹһ֮նɱô֣ע⵽Ȼ񾳸ˡһ񾳸ź˵
˭˭ˣ˷ŭĺ
ߣݹ磬ܹϢˣϤˣ⻹˭
㡭˵ôܣһִ󾪣д˿־壬ǸˣôǾͶҪȫˡ
ʱ䣬žжǿ־壬ÿ˵ڲ
ʱͻȻ䣬һӰ£ҶСһ߷ɫۣޱȣ·һɱ
ҶҶС硭
Ȼ㡣
ҶС˲䣬Щ˶ѾˣУȻǿܶˣһᵽҶСˣǲУ˵ֻҶСһˣ˸Ͳ¡
ǶѾУνٻ뽫һ򾡵ֶζѡһ񾳸ֶҶС˵⡣
ܣϿܣҾͲɱˡα񾳸Ѿ˵ȥ
ݡ
һεķâֱ֮Ӷα񾳸ֵüġ
ء
˵ϣ·һײͷ˵˫ֶڴûܹƽ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪնɱǣһ񾳸ǲ֮ɫʵ֪ѾӲˣȻᱻҶСնɱ
شâ֮ɫ
ݡ
ܼķâ֮ٶȼ죬ֱӶգЩôܶܲȥ
ЩüĴһѪǵֱͥӱ飬Ҳնƣʧ
һкҶСһ߷ʧط



1983 Ѹ
ɱ¾ȻڼҶС׼һ˽е񾳸֡α񾳸ȫնɱ꣬ʣڽЩα񾳸ִ
Ļ˻ĸע⣬Ƕ˵鵽Ƿʲô顣
ģܲȥˣô£ѵڲʲô鲻ɣ
ɱ¼һһԤı¼
ָԶ̶ʱھھ˿ܶ˶£ҶС粻˵ĿͰִԼļƻ
̶һʱڣܲУʧ罵ٵЩα񾳸֡񾳸־ȫҶСնɱˡ
һʧҶСڲǾ߷ع飬Щα񾳸ȫܲΧȻڲȫҶСرա
նڲЩʧֲûö೤ʱ䣬ӾڲĴɱʼһֱʧ˱նܹ˲ʮӵʱ䣬ٶȼ졣
ȻʱڲĸִڣЩֶǸɢޣҶС粢ûжǶ֣ǿҶСɱ¾ҶСҲûᡣ
һ˷ʮα񾳸ȫع鵽˾ڣսڣƺԸղŵսоܲˡ
ҶԲɵʬ壬ȫȥҶС罵٣һα񾳸ָϽ˵
ܺãμƻɵĲҶС絭һЦ˵
α񾳸ſƺ˵Щʲôȴû˵εļƻȻɵĲˣǶα񾳵ĸ֣ȥնɱһȺʥˣֱȺ֮ûʲôսԣǸûоˣоܱǲףҶСΪβնɱα񾳵ĸ֡
Щ˵ɫҶС綼УһЦѯʵǲǾЩСˣ
α񾳸һЦͷƺͬҶС˵
ǼƻǺα񾳸սģһ룬ǺսĻһСʱˣҪսپҪ˵սԣò˶೤ʱҪսˣϣǵʱҪҶСЦſ˵
ǾԲͬ˵սȻ
ǾͺãǷֳһˣھԷ﷢ңȫ뿪
ҶС£һ뿪Ĵ뿪￴ԣձҶС˵ȥˡ
ҶСɨУЩʬȫһɢھϿա
γһ޴ޱȵӰһ̼䣬е˶̧ͷգǶ֪˭Ȼھ˷
ǲҶô
϶Ƿʲô顣
ѵ͸ղŷйأ
һɻǶҶСʲôҪ˵
ʱҶСصƬء
ʧڵĸֽ磬ͼı޴󣬽ȫնɱԺ󣬵ʧĸֽ٣ȫնɱնɱ߿ƾʬһȡͽ𡣡
⻰˵󣬾֮ҶСӰ˲ʧ˵ȫ򿪣ָɡ
һ̼䣬ܶӰ׷״Ӿ뿪ȥ˷ǶǻĸˣһЩҵˡ
ע䶯磬ҶСĿЩȥıӰŹâ֪ʲô
ԭղЩ˶ʧˣֲúȻôˡ
ҲҶֲã̫ˣȻǻڲʧȫնɱ
ҾòӦնɱϾҲ࣬Ҳǻġ
ߣ仰ͲˣЩȻúһأĸƤ˭ܹô
ܶΪҶСȫնɱʧһ˴޳ɣ˵ҶСôܶԣΣɱҡȻЩΪҶСôΪףǸƿػҽڡ
һʱ˵硣ȻչûӰ쵽˵İȫճ۹ۣȴûʲô
ҶС²һСʱĶ֪ˣҲ֪ˣЩʧĻ̻̣ҶС罵ٽȫնɱ
ϾҶС֮Ƕ֪ǰһ˲źͶʮ񾳸սնɱһ񾳸֣شˣ񣬻һЩ񾳸ֵûлָ
һʧĸֶеĶܵƫƧĵطеĶܵǶ뱻ҶСնɱ
ǿĺ䶯ʧ罵ٵĻɢһˣǰʮ㣬ҶСֲʱȻڲ
ҶСľٶĸƺĬûʲôʾЩһ棬ȴӿ


1984 ľۻ
ģɽһ嶥ԣΪϾΧĿռҲ̫ȶ·ӽ
طͨ˸͵ǲֻʥ֮ϵ߲ܹ̤롣
嶥һ޴ĳʯγһӵģܻһЩʯʣʯʯϵıѩͷ糾ܹĳﶼ֪жٸûǰˡ
ͻȻ䣬һȹŮӳɴòǲȹճһŮΪѾα۷壬Ҳֻһ֮ң
Ůӳֺ󣬿˿ܣֻӶһʹ֣ʯʯϵı˪ȫɾޱȣ·¿һ㡣
ƮһʯϣĬĬĵȴʲô
úһɫ۵˵ĳ֣ĿŮһۡ
û뵽㻹ǵһǺǡɫЦЦ˵ȻҲʯϡ
ҲͦġŮӵ˵
ܶ궼ûмˣٴۣȻҪһЩˣǵطǰˣû뵽ٴ۶Ժˡ˸̾һ˵
ǰ˻Ů¶һĨĻ
ٺ٣֣û뵽㻹磬̫иˣ˶ãѵ׷ӣʱһϵʱ䣬һӰһʯϡ
ôϹϹԴˣǵõ޳֮Ҫ׷ӡ֣ҵ˺˵
ǶǹȥˣٱΪܹ׷ӣ֪ѩͲκˡϹҵ΢΢һ̾˵гһĨᡣ
Ůһ仰û˵ĿһУƺû˵Ļһ㡣
Ƭ̺һӰ֣ǶʯΧʯϣӵʱ䣬ĸЩ˶֣ǶɫˣҲһˣ½ۡ
ʣǽվۼﶨȻΪҶСնɱʧЩ˵顣
û뵽ǵڶѾ֮ˣʱÿ졣żҵһ˸̾һ˵
ǰǰһȥһЩյأնɱаħ磬ٴЩա¼ҵ˵
Щ˶ǻĸǿˣǵΪα۷壬ǵϢò˶ñͻơ
ǽԼĺö˳һЩصľˮɹȵƷȫʯϣȻһƷ˵¡
緢ͬ룬һ£ȻΪ˴ﵽ߾չأϧⷽѾı䣬Ȼʾѣǵţϧʱعԭעֻܹʥ۷壬ҿظı䣬ǲŷ׷ͻơ
̾ʱҪȻѾͻƵǸ߾ˡɽһų˵
⣬ҪȻҲһۡһ˵
ʱҲãҲգǵʱѾȥˣʱ˵ʱ
Щÿǲɣͻ䣬ƺЩ֮ɫ
ش䣬ǵһЩΪѾǣҶоԼѪݽߣ¶˶ˡ
һģǶͬһˣѪȻˣٹ˶꣬Щ󱲵Ϊᳬǡ
ЩҲ㣬ϧǶǸ˵ĹâڵһʱעһΪԻͲõʱҲ֪ɳʲôز
һ̾ѣƺоĸ
̸һͻȻ䣬˶˳ĬУһƺһû˻⡣
վҪƣһӵʱ䣬֣ҵ˵Ǵ֮ԶΪ˽飬Ƕô
ĸǳĬˣҶҵ˵ȻᣬԸȴȣҺܽƻЩͷҪթ֣·ͲǸεˣǱǻøΪõˣ飬ȻʲôԭҪȻҲ˳嶯ʧĸȫնɱ
᲻ΪҰģͳһ磿
ܣĻǰһʱͻὫеնɱûУΪȷʵΣѲǷʲô飿
ûѯǼЩˣһػ֪һЩ
ÿ𣿵ǾѾ˵ˣȫ壬һ˵ԭ򣬶Ȼܡ
Ҳ֪ʲô飬ֻܹԲӦˡ
Ҫͳһ½Ǹôѡ񣿡һʵ
ǻеѡ̫ǿˣ˵һЩϼһﶼѹôôִڡ
ǶĬҲǣҶСͳһ½Ǹ;ܾˣʱǻ֪ҶСȷʵͳһ½


1985 ²
Ƕ²ⲻľĿ꣬ʹеնɱ˻ʧĸӦʧйء
ˣҪֻ֪ܹȴûİ취һɭϣǸʹ̽κεϢ
Ҳ֪׷ʲô飬ͻȻıע⡣¼ҵһ¶֮ɫ˵
Ҳһ֮ɫε̫ͻȻ䣬ǶûзӦ
˵ҪͳһģӦô϶ǿͷϳô򵥡Ϲҵ˵
ȷʵɱʧ罵ٵЩǶԸˣҲƻ϶Ǿô򵥵ĳ
Ǽ򲻼򵥣ҪǾͱˣһ»¡
ĸǿ߶ɽ̸ҶСһ£Ҳһ
ʱߵǱУ֡ʧ罵ٵ񾳸ֶһڡ
ƺһ˼ӡ
壬һҪңҪȻǸɱˣߵЩ˶赲סϴһ˿Ŀ־壬һ˿ľſ˵
ӻĴҶСնɱ˻ʧֵǱ㾪ˣǽ֣ǿ־壬ҶСʵ̫ˣһ뵽ҶСǰöԿʮ񾳸ֵоͷ
֪ҶСҪǳ֣ƾ񾳸֣Щ񾳸ָͲҶСĶ֣Ҫ赲סҶС磬ĿǰֻѰİˡ
ʵѾ۷壬ǸûǸ赲סܹ赲סǰʣµĸҲˡɬһЦ˵ҶС磬綼ûӵͷ
ݺʱνǹŶеĹŶҶСȻݺݵѹһͷҲУһ̬Щʱֵı
壬ֻҪϰңȵҸ׽ٺ󣬶ȻΪָȫʤʱڵġٴ˵
ѣƾ֮飬Ͳ֣Ψ档
⻰ȻЩĶȻǣҶС磬УͲ֪ôȥԿǻսʤ档
Ҳ㣬ҸûǸҲ֪ʵɱе˭ûа취赲жģ᲻ҳ֡΢΢һ̾˵
壬˼ǲֶˣƾֶ𣿡ɫѿʵ
Ҳǣʧĸֳ֣Ȼԭ򣬾ԲԵ޹ʵĳ֣ҪȻһͻʧĸնɱ˵п϶ʲô⣬ֻҪܹԭҳнİ취ˡŹâ˵
ֺ񾳸ϵɫòϣƺʲô
Ѳɻʲôԭ򣿡ɻѯʵ
ʲôԭأȻ岻æҲԲǿȸˡ˵һ仰Ȼ񾳸뿪ˡ
뿪ıӰź⣬Ѿ²ˣҶС֮ɱЩʧˣȻʲô⣬пܸǽйأƾôȥʽֽٵĿģǶ˵
ҿп϶ʲô⣬ҪȥǸˣô˵СҲŮСϣ˵ġʱһα񾳵ĸ˵
ɫϱãüԥ֮ɫ̾һˣҶûˣڵľȻҺǺѣˣ˭֪ױʲôӡ
¿ܺʱйأѯʹĿƺʧЩʱĸйأôһ£û˵
Ȼǲžˣܻˮʯһ졣α񾳸ֿ˵ž⡣
ֻˣԲӦ䣬жڶûʸִˣʱܹ֮䵱һͣ˵Ϊеӡü˵˵ƣĶȻóġ

У񾳸ڴһɫҶСĴÿһĻ̻̣кǲ
ӽжҪдˣֻǲ֪ǵļƻʲôһᱡǳɫȹıܿ˵
ֻԼ֪ڵһʹöӣҪȻҲ㱻ˡѪӰ񾳸Щڵ˵
ʲôĿģǶҪ㹻׼һҪҪȻ綼ᱻ˵ơħ񾳸¶֮ɫ
ϾҪǵ⣬Ϊкħ뻪¾ҶСʲôԸļƻȶǺħ֡


1986 
ߣȻҳʵǿ󣬵սһ˵㣬壬ʵǿҲ񾳸˵ź⡣
ʱ˶ĿͶ񾳸֣ƺ⡣
ôңЩУ˭ûҪֶΣȻҶСʵǿ󣬵ǱƼǣܻ޴Ĵ۵ġ񾳸˵
һ뵽ҶСÿ½һӡǣоͺݺݵҧҲκβҶС硣
򲻵ѵʱǶֶΡ˼һ˵
оΪѻ𣬱ΪǽٺܹɨһУռ½û뵽Ȼչ־أڵûжȫʵ࣬ҪȻڵĽֻ֪أħ񾳸¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʱǺħ彵ٺЩս¾ҶСս赲סϧΪ˷壬վûжãû뵽ҶС羹ȻǼҵսˣʧ޴
ҶСʵǿޱȣݺݵѹǶͷÿгأЩҪˡ
˵ЩʲôãѾɳ³Щʧĸֽ٣ûܹƵסʧֵĽ٣Ըάڵ״ʧ־Ӷ࣬ǽٺ󣬿ЩͻᱻΪūˡǿ˵
ǶĬȷʵˣҶСǿ󣬲һˣǵʧ˽ٺǿ˭֪ʲô
˵ľٶ֣ʲôĻ¶ὫնɱûôҲ֪;ʲô顣񾳸¶ɻ֮ɫ
ӦúʧйذɣҪȻҲֱ˼ʧ罵ٵ˾նɱѪӰ񾳸˵
˵ЩʲôãӦÿԺô죬һҪǶԸǣǸô죿ħ񾳸˵
Ѿչˣǽ࣬ǣ½ƾһɣƶһԼȫĸ嶼Ҫ֧ԮңĻһУǾΣŹâ˵
񾳸໥˶Էһۣ˼ĿԣԺȵȡ
ͬˣ෢չܿ죬۵ʵѾ޷ԿˣΨ˲ǳ·ħ񾳸˵
Ҳͬ⣬Ĵ½̫ԶˣҪ໥æ¶ʱҲԵһױ񾳸ֿűʵϾģȻʲô취
ѵ˴󷨣ֻҪڸԵĴ½ڲó󷨣ͺ׽ˡܺаյ˵
˵ĿⶼҪˣ󷨵ĴڣԺҪһԿ൱Ǻս
ͬ⡣
ͬ⡣
ѪӰ񾳸ڱ̬ˣͬˡ
ƶԼԼ߼ԼһƶͲܹˣ˭Ҳ޷ƻԼ
ȻԼƶͲ㣬ҪһУ˵ľѪȾԼȻԼΪһٽйͬԡ
ԼһӾӡشϣعһ֣û˸ұѡ
ҶСҲ뵽ԼԻЩʧȫնɱĹעû뵽µĹע
ЩӰҶСļƻֻҪûж֣˿ûӰ죬ȵ׽ƿغ󣬵һˣȻıһƽĸٷչ׶Ρ
һڣһڱڣʮھѲӣҶС粻þңǸ˸ھ⵷ңôܵıĳͷ
ΪҶСնɱʧֵԭһЩ˼񶾵ɢޱ㿪ʼھ߾ˮ㣬ϧҶСδѣɳ˸Ѳӣʱ䣬Χڳ׵ƽ
նɱʮΪߺ󣬳׵ƽ
죬峿ҶС٣Ѳӵαǰǽĸĸ׼һ»ͳһ顣
ͷϵͳһȻΪ򵥣ֻҪǴӦˣҶСҪĲЩͬ⣬ڣеܹʹۣ֮ҪʱͬһС
Ŀǰ˵ǿʵ壬Ȼø׳нļƲߣʱɲǲָӣΪˡ


1987 ̸
ľһڣҶС羲վһƬСߵĲݵϣ˿գ漴˫ץȫγʵʡ
Ƭ̼䣬һ޴۶ɵͤ˺ߵĲݵϣһͤȥûʲôΨһͬһͤɢâ
ҶС粢ûͣ˫ּץγһԲкüӡ
һкҶСͣһӣһƵһ𣬻кܶɹ˴Բһ̸еĴơ
ԼСʱʱһӰǶǱҶСɳȥ뻪ĸˡ
ҶѾȫ֪ͨˣһһα񾳺ڵĸֹĿҶС˵
ţˣȥɣҶС˵ͷ˵
α񾳸ಱ뿪ˣھѲߣղҶСһˣһжǸоҶСǽȫѣжҶСˡ
ȴƬ̺ҶСһγɵϾĵȴţպ˫Ŀƺ˯һ㣬ڻʲô
һӵʱҶС˫Ŀбų貵ĹâɲǼ䣬ƺؼйĶʧȥɫȫҶС˫ĿеĹâ赲
ǧĵطĺüڵȴţǵȴˣ׼һҶС磬׼·;ʲô
ҶСЦһ˫ĿƺЩмЩ
ʮӵʱ䣬Щ˲űڱڵα񾳸˹
λǰ°ɣЩʵĸֵҶСûж˫Ŀһơ
ǸҶȴ˺ܳʱ䡣֣ǸһЦ˵һϣ˴Ǹ⿴ҶСһۣȻһƽӡ
ȻǿƽޱȣȴȻܹóͤӣӣӶģܹҶСˣĽӴˣǸղҶСûվӭӣô˵һ⣬ҶСǻЩ⡣
ȻҶС粻վӭҲܹ˵ùȥȻǳҶСʵ̫߳ˡ
ʵҶСȷʵǱԼĲˣԼǿ󣬱Щܹ絽ģȴƫƫҶСܲ
û£Ҳûеȴ೤ʱ䣬ЩһԼƵһطûУӭλǰƷҶС絭һЦ˵
ллĸʵĸͬ˵һ䣬ȻƷζҶСԲõһƷһںǸо˵궼ƮӴعΪһ֡
ҶСȵһһǶһ޶ģǶǰŷǧһһһҩݡɹöġ
һţֶصĿڸкͷҷ˳̺һһɵعζ
ллҶƷζһںǶʮָм˵ǷĵĸмȻ꣬ǴûкȹôúȵĶ
ʵҲ֪ҶСѾǷͬȵλãӵ״ܹԲΣһƽȵĴˣǳεĻҶСһͷôһָ߸ϸ˵ĸо
ƽȵ̬ϣжҶСͱȽ𾴣𾴶Ǳ˴˵ģҶС̬ȣôȻᱻвϲ˵̸лܲ˳
ߵͤ£Ʒζһ𣬳ɹĵȴҶС˵ǣҶСʼմһ˿Ц⣬ˣƺ˿Ϳһ㡣
ϹҵܲգʵҶΪˣ
ΪࡣҶСûԥֱ˵
˶һû뵽ҶС羹Ȼôͻش
˿ãҲͲô鷳ˣֱ˵⣬ΪҶ˵Ϲʵ
ҶС翴һʵǶʱ˽٣
ǶȻЩ崫кܾãǺйؼأĶȫʧˣ˶ϲ㡣żüͷ˵
Щ֮ԻʧʧֵĴֱʣûܹĨɱһʱĹ¡ҶС˫Ŀ⡣
ѵҶ֪ʱʲô飿Ҷҵ˿ҶСʵг˾ȡ
ȷʵ֪һЩһһֱ˽գҲûʧȥҶС˵
ʱ˶ĿͶҶС磬һ֮ɫǶʱʲô顣
һޱȻԻ͵Ǿô˥ܸˣκ߶֪ԭ
ҶС罫ʱȫ˵ǣǶһӣ·˼ԽǰǸʱ


1988 ͬƻ1
ĸҪ˾ҶСһҶСǵɫϱã𾪡зŭ
ҶС̵Ľʱ鶼˵˳ȥȻϣĵȴ˵ķӦ
þúþã˶һ֮ɫȻҲʶʧЩ˵նΣ
ҶЩȫģżҵҶСʵ֪¾ģȻ̲סʵΪ漰̫ˣ㲻ãֻᷢʲô¡
ѵһƭǲɣҶСĿͬʱһǿޱȵƽ٣֡
ʱ䣬ǸоһҲܶѹ޴ҺһƲһţҪȻֱӶˡ
ҶСƵһ̼䣬˶̲סһ£ƺеѹ
ǸҶǲûл˼̫ˡż˸Ͻ͵ΨҶС硣
ҶСûлشֻĿɨ˲֪ʲô
ʱ涼ҲĻŸղҶС˵ʱ顣
ѵҶΪЩ˻ʲô޴ıҶҵ˿ʵ
Ȼо޴ıʱķʢѾʢ˥بŲĵ˵ʱعҲݱ䵽ߵҶС˵ŮӵƲ⡣
ҶС˵ǶҶС˼ݱ䵽ֵزʧȺ˸ΪˣǶȻ񶾵İ취
һ뵽ҶС˵Ҫնɱһ룬Ƕһֶ̫ˣʧЩ˵ΪǶȫûйУµʱӵķ
ѹҶеʧȫնɱԭˡ¼ҵĿ⸴ӵ˵ƺʲô
֪ҶҪ¼ҵЩĶҶСʵ
˶ĿͶҶС磬Ϊĵ⡣
ҲǾ㳲֮ѵĵһǶҪһǿʧ࿹⣬ʱֻҪ˵̸еıǮҶС˵
ѵҶ׼ͳһǻģ֣ҵ̽ʵﻹЩҶСǵѹ̫ˣÿ˶ձ
ͳһģҶС΢΢һЦȻ˵ǻĿµʱ򻹲ԶԸʧ磬ҪһҲڶԿʧʱһҪͳһ硣
ҶСĻ󣬻ĸ˶¶֮ɫû뵽ҶСҪľȻͳ½
ҪΪΪԼҰĶҽڣʵܹҳһ˵εĻҶȻİţϧûһˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ǶܹóҶСеϣȻЩ˲ţǲҶСȫûһ˿Ұġ
Ҫ֪ܶʵǿ֮ʱ򣬶ҰˣҶСǷҰģƱػһѡ
ҶľƻʲôҶҵһѯʵ
ڶ⣬βʳҪĴһ壬ǵĻҶСԥ˵Լļƻ
ھͿǵѡˡ
Żĸĸ֣ƺȴǵѡ
ǻеѡ𣿡һ˿ɬһЦ˵
ղҶСѾ˵ĺˣҪһ壬ǲͬĻǼʧЩ֣ҶС֮Ʋ
ӷҶ壬ΪˣּҶİšֵϺ˵֪ʼնҪͬģ֮󣬵һӻǻռһ±ˡ
ֵϺеĻ˶ʼˣ޳ܵϺУȻһͬ⡣
֣Ҳ֧ҶҶİš֣ҵһ˵
ҶҲһȫ֧Ҷ

˶ͬҶСǿ£ǲòͬ⣬οҶС˵ʧȷʵһ޴вܹŽһ𣬿µʱǸҪӣҶС硣
֪ҶûʲôİţҶҵʵѾ֪ҶСԲӶԴǣҶС綨ȻֶΡ
ҶС¶һ˿Ц⣬ȻǶͬ⣬ˣҲȥһˡ
ǾһЩƻǿһ¡ҶСгһϣȻݸߵҶˡ
Ҷҵ˿ʼҶСݹĲϣոտҳɫ䣬漴ɬһ£ӲͷƤϿꡣ
Ҷ˵ı飬ʱһ£ƺǲʲô˵Ķһ㡣


1989 ͬƻ2
Ҷ˽Ͽ󣬱ݸߵˣĿҶСһۣȻϸ˼
˺Ҷһ飬ϣɫһ䡣
˶ʮӣǲŽЩϿꡣ
ÿ˱鸴ޱȣҶСƺҪ˵Щʲôվû˵
ҶСļƻǳϸһøһĸֽһͳһѵڶʥ֮ϵĸֶĽһ򣬽һİţİűǽǺһڵĸֳ״ңȻ䵽طأͬʱѵԴһһΪṩоһЩƼԴ͵ҩҺ
ƻνݶǶҶС˼һݼƻò˶ãĸʵˣȻʽڣȫɢȻһ
۰һݼƻܹǸֱϵһڡ
ҶɲԸһָ֣ЩһѵһЩҵ̽ѯʵ
ҶСЦһԣǺҲԲͬһݼƻ
֪Щ˶̽Լĵߡ
󣬺ɫǺ죬Ҳ˵һ仰֪ҶС˼Ǻôˣµȴı塣
ǺҸҶһаšҧҧ˵
εķӲǰַӣͬҶСƻҲһ׷׷ӡ
ҶС̫ǿˣҺǲòӣ˿ɣǲͬ⣬죬ǵļͻΪʷ
ôⲻǸʱԴɢ˶ѣȵʧǸ˿뿪½壬Ǹʱǵļ嶨ȻԻޱȣΪϵһİȫҲùʧ£ҲǵҶС翴һ˵
⻰ǵ۾֪ȻҶСǿợȴ˵㻰ȻҶС˵󣬱ͬǴ壬ôһͬ⡣
գǸһֶһڣʮպ󣬽Щʥ֮ϵĸִǸڲʱԿʮα񾳸֣һʥ۷֣ʥظ֣ԲǧڵķΧڣгаȫǸ⣬ֻǡҶС翴˵
ãҶһԲǧڵİȫͬ˵
ϣ˵ҲϣƭҡҶСŹâ˵ĿɨɨԲЩһ𣬡ЩɹһǶ߰ɣǵ
Щ۾ˣɹǺҪǹĵһֶԴٽǵΪǵΪ
Ƿ׷׽Ȼ뿪
뿪Щһ̾пǧ
û뵽ôֶΣ۰ԺǸҪһˣҶҵ΢΢һ̾˵
ֶ̫ˣҲûǸ棬Ҳռƣ°ôͳôһ֣ҵʮƵ˵
ҲδǺ£Ǹ̲Է⣬潻ʵѾ˺ܶ࣬Ӣۣǻӣ²նɱǣǶ˥ܣһµѵģʽǸӵܲŻķչҲһ巢չżҵ˵ǵĿɢǻ۵Ĺâ
ſÿƲ˵ıˡ¼ҵ˹һЦ˵
໥˼ǱԼļȥȻͬˣҪ˼빤ҪȻĻµȴǵıǲ̵ɱ¾
ĸ뿪ҶСʧ˱˻ĿƼоԺ׼ЩϼһóһоϣһоϽнȻԽ
Ȼûд㽫оԺᵽһ򣬶ǾͬĹͬԱ˵ܹоõĶ
ҶС飬ЩϼһﶼͬҶС㽫Ĺ˻еһЩˣǶԾϤ֪ôһЩ飬ҶСС
һӣҲûˣ˳׵ĽɢˣֻһǾһ
Ȼ¶ûͨ緢ȥҶС׼ȵһаź֮󣬱㷢ϢǸʱĴ˶һ
صأȻҪиҶС罫ԼǾ߷򾩶
ȻѾֿǷ飬ȫ֪飬Ҳ֪Ͼһ壬һһꡣ


1990 
Ǿ߷˾ҶС㷵һ÷ᰡĽѩȹѧԱЩ׼Ͼ󣬻ĸһ˶ҪǰһҪ㹻׼⵽ʱæҡ
ҶСͻĸ˼ϢҲ֪ôľ˳ȥעĵ壬ҵ˶ڲ²ҶС׼ʲôʲôƻ
ôҲ֪ʱ飬ҲԲ뵽ҶСжȵҶСļƻĳһʱǲܹ֪ɣ
һҶС羲ſعȻΪͲҪعֻҪɺ쳾УعΪһȷعôһ߷ĹӾ޴
죬ҶС綼һһ־򣬵ĸĸ˴ǸһǰһҶС˫ĿûǰȥӭӣǾعۿķչ
ڽӴǵĹ֣ǱҶѰһˣҶͮеġ
Щ˵ʵα񾳣ɳӴҲ˵ùȥȻҶС粢ǲӴǣǽЩ˵ķӦ
ûмҶСӭӣǲûгʲôʧ֮ɫصһ·ܺҶСһ㡣
ЩĸΪμǲģǻص彫ҶСǳϢ˵˳ȥЩƻÿһ˶ͬ⣬ȻǲûжԼ˵ʱ飬һܣ֪£붼׼ӺпܾͻӰ쵽ҶСļƻ
ΪȰ˵ǸˣɷѿģƵûа취ǲ˵ͬ⣬²ҪˣʧЩ˾õӡ
ֻЩ˶ĬûжñӦˡ
ĸһ˲ˣҿһСڶ࣬ǰ˶ܹɵ¡
ŮæµŰЩ˵ݿסĵطѵĵطȵȡ
Щĸһֵһ󣬾ȫŮҶСͲЩ飬ȻܣҲûǸ˼ˡ
ԼľȫϣЩ飬Ͳ˽⣬޷
ĽѩϡзᰵˣʮİһʱҶСο֮ɫƺŮ⡣
˫ĿȻΪ񾳣ڵĺУһԲ״ĶԶԶȥһһ㣬Ϊ
񾳸ڵ۵ĹӣҶСֹȴ̺ع򣬻鰮Ĺ򣬿Ϊȫ档
ǿڵĹӣԲεģǶṹЩǸΪ״˵ԽԲôĳɾ;Խ
Ľѩ˵İ£ʱ䣬ԸһȫźˣݿЩ°ˣǺѧԱͬĴҪõԴΨȥЩɱޣǲɼɹҩȡ֣ȡҪĶ
ʮ󣬻ĸĸֶһȻŮһУзһ飬¼һͻƵα񾳵ĸֺܲŮûʸǣҪţҪҶСĸ֣ǸоԼˡ
ֻӳα񾳸ֱΪһõıʱҲûΥҲû˸ῴŮǹԹԵĽŮİš
ŮȫңЩսڣȻѿγµĶ飬Ȼڽѵõͬǵķʽ
鴫ݵǱ֪ĻѾͳһˣȫҶС˵ˣ£Ҳ޿κΣϾǻԼ飬ǶҶС羯
ʮպŮ׵˻ڲԱưţȫһͨ档
ӽ˽ɢһ
Ϣû˸о෴ȫ֪ҶСǿҲ֪ҶСһһУŻĻǿ
Щԭˣڸصս׷׹һͶϣǶԸһİš
һϢûжã㴫磬ǸǸ壬жˡ
£Ƕǲͬʱɳ鿴һĶ
һͳһĵٶǶо˲·𲻾úҶСҪԸһ㡣


1991 ͳһ
ЩڸصսսһЩǸɳȫǰƺƴ󣬶˵ЩսţƻѾһš
ҶСҪıǽЩսе߶ɢȻڽбš
ٶʱ䣬ЩսеΪͶʥأʥظǶ಻ʤα񾳸֣ÿһսҲкö
䡪
һɿµƳ𣬺ƺƵ٣һǿޱȵĲʡ
ҶСһɰ£գԣڷ裬һְ֮ÿ˶ޱȡ
ЩǰһսսŶǸɳԱҶСµѹ£ûдӸ߿׹䡣
Ҷ˶Ľһ˵ľηһĨ
ң뵱꣬ǻͬһˣǲŶ̶̰꣬ҶСеĴѾ𣬲ѾΪ˻ΨһĴ˵ʲô
Ƕ׼һ򣿡ҶСƬ
ǣҶȫҶİšһαڵĸֹ˵
Ҳͬ˵ȫҶİš
׼еĶ´ɢȻٴΰţǶԸ𣿡ҶСĿһɨ˵
Щս΢΢һ㶣ȻͬԸ⡣
ܺãսӵ˶һ̵ʱڣźˣصЩطǲõģû˸ҶСһʮŵ˵
ǣҶЩս˵ҶСʵǶȨƶôˣ֪ʵһУʵﵽһº󣬾û˸ƣҶСһһ壬ֻҪҶСڣûǸҺҶԻĳ֡
ս׷óԼͨѶ߸ǵսŴϢЩ˶
ʮӺ󣬾һ˸Щʵ͵Ķʥڣα񾳸ȷʵ¡
Ǽ˾һ򸽽һϣƼרԱǽͳƣĿǰΪĹȵȣϢΪȫ
ͳƼǱϾͿʼݿˣݿΪҪĶڣܹһ֣һҲܹһͨ
ʮӵʱ䣬սŵ˶ϵˣǶעͳơ
ƼٶȺܿ죬һʱЩ˵ݿȫˣȫһˣһڵһС
ݿǷͺҶСԭشǶΪжӵȴû˿Ĳͷ˷ܣƺܿļ뵽һһ㡣
ݿ˽⵽һڵϢ֪һķͻֻʱѡ
һܴݶΪа죬ٶϰ򣬴ӱϿܶൺ벻ǺԶΧƣͲֻܹܹƾ贫󷨽롣
ȻÿһԵγɵģһг¡ȵ󷨾ͨ⣬˸Ϳ͸ȻҶС⡣
󷨲ãѾŲȫ¸𣬿˵ҲܹˣȥʲôطͲô󷨣ֱ˲ƾС
ʱҶСŮкܶ鰲ظսŵ顣
һĶúħ徯ɳܶǿ۲ľٶΪۼ֣ɢĿƣúħ˸оΪҶС׼ֹˡ
һͳƣҶСյĸУα񾳸־ʮһµ֣ؾ䲻Ŷٶ꣬Ѿ˶ĸ֡
ǴҳһЩʺϴ̵ˣһ׼ٴѵһ£ȻȵʱȥͬΧĹȡ
صľޱ䣬ʱùޱȣǰĵǰʮֹ
ڶ࣬ҶС˲ڶھԭѡʥصĸֻ֣ʥصĸֲܹսš
һֺԱķϢѾݵǵݿϡ
ȻЩսŵ˲ǲͣѵֻķ֮һѵ˶ڸյڶȵֵǵʱڸԷѵķ֮һڳиطѲߣųеİȫȵȡ
ЩϢݵ˵ݿϺһһ
ڵսţսһǧˣߵĺüС
ٺ٣ǻǱȽˣڶߡ
ߵĲһͲˣǱɳĮж˺üյأߵƽʱȥǱıȽϽ
ȷʵˣǱߵĿȽ϶࣬ǿԻȡĻ֣Ϻõսס
һս׷ֳ˲ΣͼʿףǱססף׺̫ˣǸ𣬰ʲôʱܹ׾ͺˡ
߶Ϊ·ûһ˲ģһ϶˷֮ɫ


1992 ںϵļƻ
һѾ˳ͳһģȵںһʱ򣬱ջ֮ʱ
ݿϢķϣֿԼĵطǷ׷׶ȥЩطתۼ䣬һΧ뿪
ħֵ֪Щ뿪Ƕصһ֪ҶС粻ṥˣֽŵ鶼˺ܶࡣ
һļƻѾһ룬ֻʣϵ⣬ͱȽ϶ˡ
ϾǰʱһǷֿͳεģһЩƶȵȵĶгͻ
ڽ׷棬ƶĻֶһϵͳһĸͲһҪͳһȱһͳһ
ȪѾһܺõĿˣпһרŵĶһ̣Щöһ֣ҲûȡĶʹá
һУһŮҶСһźļƻ
ҾҪȫͳһһǺýݿ⣬ȫߵݿȫ˽ǻĵʵʱǵȻǵĿһڲĿͬǵĿܹʹãЩߵĿܹڲʹãҲڲҡ
ڶϸƶһڲĹֻЩʷǷ˲ܹ룬α񾳸֣ǰʱ򣬻ǲŲеߣɵĽݬ룬Ҫ߾Ӣ·ߣֻоǲԵ˲ܹһڲһŲܡ
ͳһǿн̣һԴӸܹԴƿУҾȴеᱻ
ĽѩĿɨ˵
ҶС΢΢˼Ľѩղ˵һ½飬Ƭ̺˵ͷЩ뷨ȷʵܺãǻʲôûУ
ŮҡҡͷҲܺã֣ò˶ãĵܹȫƿء
٣벹һ㡣ʱͻȻ˵
˵ɣҶСµĶ˵
ղĸ˵ڻпչ飬ʵչطǻܱߵһЩңҲԸǰݿȻǵݿǵҪв𣬲ǳһڲ⣬طܹʹãҲ˵£ܱ߹Һǹҵó׽ŵЩ˶ϰߺͳһ͸Ϊˡ˵
Ǹ⣬һҾͲٲˣȫͨһڲı仯ܹڹ漫ΪҺ޷ģֻ̡ܹܽҶС翴˵
Ҫ˦ƹˡҶͮһı顣
ǺǣһҪܹܲʱ档ҶСܳ谮ҶͮԴЦ˵
һϲ£ҪкˡʱͯĿ͵ĿҶС磬ϴЦݡ
˭ˣҶС¶һĨϲɫ
Ө㣬ԸˡĽѩ˵¶һ˿΢΢Ľ
ôˣǲҲҪҶС糯ĽѩüŪۡ
ңˣȵһжƽ˵ĽѩҡҡͷѾǰռҴСˣһʮֶ£ΪҶСֵεŮӡ
ȥӨɣþöûȥˡ
áҶС˵ͷһɨ֪Өûһһ˾סĵϡ
ӨͺʫԸΪʫ飬Ѧ񷼼Ϊʹ࣬춼ƲֵģֻôһŮ
֪һеӨǰСҲչҶС縸ĸĳӨһΪľӼŮӡ
ҲҪȥҳʱҲûмӨˡʱҶͮͻȻ˵
ʲôȥ˵飬һСӲȥʱľܿЩ𱸵ĿҶͮ˵
ҾҪȥҶͮ˿õĶľܿ㡣
һĸŮһԩһ㣬һƽģһʱ䣬ⶼľܿԼɣ⻹ԼŮ
һľܿ㿪Ц˵ҶͮϵŮһ仰ֵ˪϶˺Ρ
ߣһȥŮһĹĵӣҶСЦ˵ȻվҶͮʧ
ȫסŴ˵ĵϣһľ¥ųһУ˿ںܶ࣬ҲΪӵеĶﶼӵС
ҶСҶֱͮȻӨҶС縸ĸǾסľ¥ȥ
û˲֣Ϊ˸õع۲첻һķ׺;¡
裬ˡ߽һ¥ҶС˵
ʱĸӨǶӷ߳˿С
ǶܺãǶ֪æûʱĻͲˡŶЦ档
ϣͽĿͶҶ̺ͮúÿ㶼ʮûˡ
үү̡ӨѦ̣ǺáҶͮòʺ
Ҷͮ˹ȥǸģȫҶС硣
һĻҶСһЦĸӣŮǱὫԶӵĳ谮תƵһϡ


1993 ֵĿ־
һĿ⣬ҶСŤͷȥֻӨдĿԼ
˹ȥӨߣֱ㽫Өӵ˻УӨһ죬˾һ㣬ɢ˵ɫʡ
һжðɣҶСѯʵ
ţŰ飬ܺãе㡣һ仰ӨС
ңһҪһһɣҶС˵
ӨЩĶҡҡͷˣʲôȥ˺Ҳֻ鷳οҲ徲
ǺǣǲˣҶСϴЦĿӨ˵
ӨȻ֪ҶС˵ǺӣҪҶСҪһӵˣϧԸûʵ֣յٺҶСѵϣͼŮͬҶСһҶСĺӣϲ
ˣлл㣡ӨмĿҶС磬ƺҶСʲôæһ㡣
⻹Ҫ˵ллҪʮ˸Ķ㡣ҶСٺһЦ˵
ҵ˰ӨûİҶСһۣģһ˿Ľ
ߣǳȥתתҲ춼ڷУƻġҶС
Өͷ˴һк˳ȥҶͮûл£ԹԵҶС縸ĸ
һ첻ͬгһأ䵺ûеġ
һȷʵʺӨ
һӨҶСҶͮȥҶС׼ȥһˣЩʧ罵ٵĸҲܹţҪȻȴʧĸֳͻЩ˴ӱͱһʹΪˡ
Ϊ磬ҶС䵱һֵĽɫһΣɱҡС
ҶС׼һȥģҶͮҲҪȥҶСֻҪͬ⣬ҿǲ٣ҪȻǵԸ϶Ҫȥ
ԴҶСҶͮÿ춼ҶС磬ҶСβһ㣬ҶͮľٶҶСûио˿鷳
Ҷͮʮʱʧһ񾳸һشɢ¶Ҷͮ˺ܴĴȱһڸ׵İˣҶС뾡Ĳ
ҶСҶͮգûж೤ʱأûԼϢ
˲ֲޱȵϢʱٿǸ˾ҶСʱ򣬺ܶжЩ˷׷Ÿ¥жܡ
ϽܣҶɱˡ
ܣҪȻûˡ
ܶһߺУһܡ
һĻҶСһ˵ܣҲǳֵģΪЩʧ罵ٵˣûκιϵ
ҶСƬռйصݵ˶С
һٿҶСȷʵûг֣Щ˲ͣ˽ŲȻһĨ־廹вΡ
Ӧòǳ֣ŭ
ȷʵ˵һֱ˫˵ȥĻȻ˵ǳ־Ͳᡣ
ǳ֣ʲôطһһ󷨴ʦ
ܶ˷׷ۣЩ˵ֹס˿ֻţָֻ
ΪҪܣǲûдǳְҶͮܲʵ
һĴĺֻҪܹܲǵĸо԰ȫһһΪ˲ֽǴסǱὫԴɳһҰο񡣡ҶСЦŸҶͮ͵
Сʱٿ飬ȥҪ࿴飬ǧѧһ㡣ҶС翴Ҷͮ˵¶һĨǷɫ
ҶͮһСŮǰͷ
ʱҶСλòԶһڵĽ֣ǻŵһ߹߹ȥǵ֮ɫ
ʱУһ񾳸⣬Լܶ񾳸֡
ҶСû֮ǰоʮÿ쾫꣬ڱвҳȥԼᱻְɱ
ҶСնɱ껪ĸֺ֪ͨ˶նɱʧ罵ٵĸºٵʧֶ⵽˲̵ľɱ
̶̲ʱ䣬ʮʧ罵ٵĸһֲֿڶÿʧ罵ٸͷ·ǻʱûһ㡣
Ϊ˶Щֵľɱһ˿ʼܣܵյضܡ
кޱȣһҶСѾˣԼ΢΢ĲҶСǿʵо־壬û˻᲻ϧԼ
ô졢ô죿ҪˣǸô죿ֻŵĿһ񾳸֣˵
һսУһ񾳸ˣֻʣһˡ
񾳸ֱкܶ񾳸֣α񾳸ֱȻúܲȫҶСʵ֪УҶСҪնɱ˭ӵﶼûá
ʼջҪŻŵģ羲ĴӦԡʱ񵭵Ŀ˵


1994 ݰ
ĻϣȴձͷҶС粻ǰһʮ񾳸սӰӡ
ֹ°ʣ˫ЦɽӵͲܹǣԺһĻĿһ㡣
˵ԺҶСӰûа취Ƴ

ͻȻ䣬ִһһʮʹӣ˫ץԴһӴ
ܲˡʹ֮ɫҶСѹŵͷۣҪˡ
үүʧ罵ٵ񾳸ָϽ˽ǰһâϣƽ
ͬҰһͺһ󣬽ڻָڴڵĴǿֻš
ҲĲͻȻʹһСһ㡣
ˣж¶һĨϧһĨƽ￴ĶţһӵӣܶŮ׷˭ܹõǽУݰһ
ڵӾܹóƽʱûоʲôһ񾳵Ϊһµˣǳܲסǿѹͻ
Ҹô죿ҶСʵ̫ǿˣǸûа취赲һ֮ɫ˵дŻź;¡
ү˯һɣ˯һûˡ񾳸΢΢һ̾нɫâ˫Ŀ˯˹ȥ
ˣүȥ񾳸˵
ǡα񾳸ֳ֣һ˲һֵ߽ĸ첲Ȼ뿪
ԶȥıӰߵĸж¶һ˿֮ɫ룺ҿСûм޸ҪȻ̫ˣǸǿ󰡣
ԾУǽǱȹȹȥָֽûа취ҶСȽϣֱһϣһ¡
޴ûн̵Ķӣ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫһ˿Ĳš
үǴϲһλһλ檺ˣ˽檵İȫתƵүϣȻүʴϻۣȴϲսҲżд裬ϲΪдүǶ٣үΪ͡񾳸¶һĨ̾
үȫǾú棬ҲΪ˺һ˾Ѿûʲô֣ҲͷĵүԶһүԣû뵽羹ȻҶСı̬
ѾҶСŵĲħǲΪҲٽһˡҡҡͷ˵
ˣû뵽־Ȼӵġ
ʵүѾı˺ܶ࣬Ͼүʧ罵ٵˣȻаүܹսȡüʤĻ¾ͻ޴ѱ䣬ϧҶС磬үڵҿҶС綼᲻ս⡣񾳸ֿɬһЦ˵
ҶС֣Ҳ¶һ˿ĸ֮ɫΪʱնְ˷ˣҲȻҶСѹĴ
ɽв˳ɧ갡ǵʱѾˣһΣͳ׵ıѹȥ̾һ˵
Ӧô죿ѾˣڵһһӲ۾ȻҪЩȥ񾳸ü˵Ҳɵһ˿ķ֮ɫ
Ҳûʲô취ͨ󷨣Ϊ֣ٶҲ޷赲ҡҡͷ˵Ҳûʲô취
үǴ谮Ķӣʹ˵õѣϣܹ취һүЩûʲôֻҪүܹžС񾳸¶һĨ֮ɫ
ǰĻ˵ܹһҶСѾˣǸûа취
˵İ취ʲô񾳸дһĨϣ֮ɫʵ
½һڣзգҲˡҡͷȻְ취ҲûаҶС硣
취治ϧһֻȻܹʱĴڣһ
һ˵ɫ˱䣬ȻܹҶС
Ȼһɫ۵ҶСҶͮ˳֡
ಡ
ҶС֣־ĶҶС磬һҪֵӡ
ߡ
ҶСһһɿƱȻ
ۡ
ʱ䣬һֺ˼ͬʱһѪˣǺȻ֮ɫ
ҶСֻһߵϣҶͮɵվ󣬾һСһ㡣


1995 
ҶС˫ٲȻԼһ㣬ϣ߸ϵľһ㣬˶ǳӡ
Ƕȥɣ˿Щ񾳸֡α񾳸֣˻˵
ǰ̷ĸ֣ʧ罵ٵЩַ׷ȥ֪Լʵ̫ˣͲҶСĶ֣Ҳûʲôá
ʱڣֻʧ񾳸֡ҶС縸Ůڣ˶ûڣԵÿյġ
֪Ҷʲô飿ĿͶҶС磬ƽʵȻ֪ҶСʵǿޱȣȻ˵ƽ·ûܵ˿Ӱ졣
ҶСĿϬ˿ȻĿʧ罵ٵǿϡ
ĿǶӦ֪ҶС絭˵漴˫Ŀбų⣬һ̳񾳸˵Լ֣֣
仰ɱڣƺ˷ԲǧڵɱΪ֮ľ
񾳸ɫ˱䣬ȻѾ뵽ҶСҪЩʧ罵ٵ˶֣ȴû뵽ôֱӡ
㡭ʧ˺ûеɣѵԼʵǿ󣬾նɱС񾳸һŭ֮ɫ˵
ҶС磬ѵͳһ磿Ļ޻˵ˡ
񾳸һ֮ɫһơ
ͳһ磿ԸһԶΪʧ磬˭Щĵ顣ҶСһ˵ͳһһȤûУΪҪֹʧı
ʧʲôϵ񾳸һɻ˵
㻹װͦģ˵ǽôûʲôĿģҶСЦһʵ
ҡ񾳸һȷʵĿģ˶ãӡͻȫ飬Ǹʱʧĸֱή٣ΪУ˭ܹ赲סЩ񾳷Ϊ۵ĸ֣ͳһĲ
ʵƺһȰ˵Եԣ·ҪҶС֪ǲתģҶСҲС
ٺ٣ýĻʧЩֻἱڴƷӡǽ٣ѾˣǾԲô׳գȨСҶС糰Ŀ񾳸һۡ
񾳸һǰʱҲ֮ģͳһһ½һǳأΪЩؿˣҲ׷Ѱ²һУĶǾˮ£λһˡ
ܹ뵽ЩôЩֶȻҲ뵽Щô˵ǶȻĿˡ
Ҳ˼УƬ̧̺ͷҶС磬ѯʵѵ֪ǵĿģ
ҶСͷȻ˵˼±ض˥䣬بŲĵµĴһ㣬־ñغϺϾñط֣緢չΪʱرȻı䣬ʱǰ㣬ǸԻ貵ع䣬ߵ˸ı䣬ΪٸߵҲܹꡣ
ƣ˥ǱȻģشƣʱˣӦһɣҶС罫ĿͶ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬˵ͷȷʵе㣬ҵ֮ǰ£һôţı仯ǵѪҲͣҲûô⣬Ϊֵ⣬ôһ˵ȷʵس⡣
ͻȻ䣬ĿһѯʵѵѵʧЩ֣ʱֵйأ
ҶСû˿ȫ˵˳ȥ
󣬲񣬻񾳸֣һƺܲġ
ܣܣôأ񾳸ߺǲ֮ɫ
ıֱõĶ࣬ϾʱˣӦö˽һ¶
ȷʵǸܣ˼˵ʱܿҲı仯Ȼǻٶȳ֣ɻʵ
˭Ҳ˵Ϊ˶žֿԣֻܹΪǿԸʧ磬һΣɱѿ״̬ҶСᶨ˵
ô˵ⲻĲ²ˣʵ
ҶСûзϡ
ΪһܵĲ²⣬ҪʧĸȫնɱΪʱЩʲôֱأʧºܶ˶֪£֪ˣҲһͬ⣬˻еġЦһ˵
˵ƫҲãִҲգһҪе׵ģʧˣˣЩ˲ǣǵǣοУ粻ǵ͵ȵ磬ǸͿǣĵвһ죬ǲֲǲвûǸܹƽ֪취ȥ̫ˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵Ŀȴᶨޱȣľûܹҡ


1996 
ҶСᶨӣʧ罵ٵ񾳸ж΢΢һǴЩܹҶСġ
ҶСľΪ˶ҡһֵĿ֮
Ѿʶʱ鶼ģ񲢲׼ȫնɱʧĸּ֣ΪǵˣǸʱ˭Ҳ֪ʲôĽˣҲô޳ҶСնɱЩʧˡ
ǲԼˣҶС˫Ŀбų⣬ûмʲô񾳸ͻȻɫһ䣬ѿޱȡ
ۡ
һѪˣɫòҰޱȡ
ҶС֮ĿѾﵽľ磬˸Ͳûһ˿ס
ҶСǰˣɫѿȴΪҲҶСĶ֡
㡭ľʲôʧ罵ٵ¶һĨȻ֮ɫѯʵ
ΪҪ㣬죬ʧ罵ٵĸȫҶС絭˵һ䡣
ɢԲǧķΧ֮Уÿһ˵Ӳƿء
ۡ
ֵķΧڣʧ罵ٵĸУЩʥˣһѪϢϾҲʧα񾳸֣ǵĪľޱȡ
ܶα񾳸ڵ·ߣǷڳԷֻվͻȻ䣬ǵ׵Ĺѣһѷ죬Ѫĳ䣬ضֱӽгͷ
ӵʱ䣬ҶСַΧڵʧʥ֣α񾳸ȫֻʣ񾳸֣ǱԺе񾳸֡
ҶС絽񾳺ǿεĹʽֹʽ˸о־壬񶼿ҶСʲô
ַ׷֮񾳸ɫһ䣬ѿޱȡ
㡭㡢ȫնɱǣ񾳸һŵӿҶС磬ƺһжġ
㲻Ѿ𣿡ҶСЦһͬʱһץµϢֶ£һ·һ㣬츳ߵ
ҶС粻չֳѣûн¶
뵽񾳣ӿֲѾܹγһõˣڣеĹա
񾳸ɫ䣬Ͻܣٶȼţһ㣬ʵҶС磬ҶС绹츳ߣͶԿˡ
ҶС£ܹжѾǲˣ񾳸ֵΣ֣ҪԮˣͬһѹƣҪԮ񾳸֣Ͳܡ
䡪
ҶСһӽ񾳸۳ɵĴץǿԶѹгɵľһ㡣
Կԡ
ϵĹ춯˷·СһȦһ㡣

ͻȻ䣬һϽɫâһС̫ǿķ䡣
ǡ
ҶС۳ĴһӾͱˡ
ҶС磬ȻҲԲùġ񾳸ɫһɷ֮ɫҰǰҶС
˫ǰһĪĹ켣ϳһɫ·Щɫ·Ǵ·صĹ
䡪
ֲϢ˳ϵһ
ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һź⣬ƺҪһС
ȻѪҺеȫ˳¾ҲĶ֡¶һĨ֮ɫȻҡҡͷ˵
ĻҶСѾ񾳸ѪҺУ̺ЩɫϸȫʧʣԷǽԼѪҺеĽɫ˿ȫȡˣǿ
κߴʥԽα񾳺ڵѪҺһ˿ĸı䣬ԣЩԿ˵ʣ񾳸ֶ󣬿һͰˡ
ٺ٣ҶС磬ʶʶ̵ʵʲôز񾳸ֺٺһЦҶС˵˹һҪˡ
Ϊǿ󷨣·ԲڵнᱻǿޱȵƸ塣
䡪
񾳸еȫϣΪݺݵҶС˹֮ռ׷ݣݻΪ˻硣
ҶСϵҲһ֣Ȼĳȥƺûκε
⵱ȻûκεΪЩÿһϸ̺
˳ֵӿͨһ㣬޼ɺͻУĶԿ
䡪
񾳸ֺҶСײһУޱȿֲľһ֧Ų˺ȻЩĲȥ
ͬʱ񾳸ҲҶСķ˳ȥƵЩɫ·޹⣬ദѾ顣


1997 ˶ڸı
ء
񾳸ֺݺݵԺڣϳһӣԴΪģһѷ֣֩һ㣬ȥĿġ
񾳸ҵһĻʧ罵ٵô񾳸ָϽ˹ȥĸδн񾳸ַ˳
ȿȡ񾳸ֲϿԣѪҺӿвѪҺл͹Ƭ
ôЩ񾳸ޱȵĵʵ
ҡû¡񾳸ǿһЦ˵
ȻЦݣиǿɬ֪ԼѾˣȫܶҪطĹȫ飬Ҳ飬һΪҶСǿݻ١
ʱһعڷһɹȫչؼ䣬ͷӽɫΪ˰ɫҲһơ


һЩ˵ǱߣƺҶСǿҵĺ⡣
ˡ
ʱҶСһһ˹ÿ߳һ涼ݺݵĻζһ£·˵һ㡣
ҶӦÿ԰˰ɣѾˡʱȰ˵
ҶСҡҡͷҶԻŵ˶ģֻ˲ΪȫģҸտʼѾ˵ˣʧ˱
˵ҶСϱޱȿֲһᴩһ̧Ȼ£պȻһ죬һ㣬һɻԵ١
䡪
ղʧЩ񾳸ֺ˵񾳸վطףǸ޴УֻһĩȫҶСնɱˡ
ϡ
ҶС絭˵һ䣬츳ߵö£ȫУΪһȻĹء
һ̼䣬磬ʧ罵ٵĸּȫֻ¸©֮㣬ҲQ˶á
ʧ罵ٵ˺˴ʿͲһÿʱÿ̶ɢһɹԣһԣǸعɵģ޷ĥһ۾ͻᱻ˿
ЩԶɽУҪȻ綼ᱻնɱ
ʱҶС罫ĿͶ񣬻˵Ǹ̸һ̸ˡ
΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵ͷȥһطɣ
áҶСûоܾʩչʲôıƣǽʵĻϡ
һ£ȻʵɲԽҮͻǸϼһ
ҶС¶һ˿ζЦ⣬㻹湻ѵģҪλˮŸġ
ǶˣӦͳһ˵
ҶС˵ͷ
ҶСͬ⣬һ´һʱ䣬ҶСŵΪлǸǱȥ
ǰһǱеĺܶ󷨶ҶСƳˣָֻ˹
Ĵ£ҶСҶͮ˳Ǳˡ
Ǳ˵Ķ㶼ø߿Ƽɣܹ͸һУǱɫһ㣬ȴ档
еһж۵ףһָ߸ϵĸо
һʽԲϣҶС硢Ҷͮ񾲾Ůɫѹ𣬻ɹڷȻ󰲾ȥ
Ƕû˵ҶСϸƷζѹĵĵȴţҶͮҲʮŵĺŹ
þãųʵðɣ
ţͦõģԼϲһ𣬸Լϲ飬Ȼܿ֡ҶСʮƽ˵
΢΢һ̾¶һĨƣһĨ֮ɫҶԲûΪǣҺͽֵĸ̫񰢲ˣǰ֮飬ڿѾˣҲǰǸˡ
ÿ˶ڱ仯Ϊڻı仯仯ҶСȻƽ˵
һ˵СʱܵСųû뵽Ȼıô࣬ѾΪ֮ϡҶС˵
ʱҶͮ¶һĨʮµӣƺϲҶССʱһ㡣
ȷʵˣǼͥԭҼûǮûƣǱ۸ңҲֻܹţΪһССı仯ȻǸСųң˵ǳ˶䣬ӰĲͬ仯ǾͲͬҶС˵ƺԼı仯Ϊп
ǰӰĲͬ仯ͲͬҲ֪ڱʲôˣ˵ѾʧΪˣųմۣҲѣһֻϡдŸӵĹâ˵
ʱһǿϢӿҴĹԣǱ·
Ƭ̺һɰɫۡɫߵĹ˻˽һͷ׷ƮԺһ⻷һŽɫ伮һֳȨȡ
һǸ


1998 ʧ
·˼Ĺ϶һ㵭İɫ⣬ʹ٣ϵĴĵİ
ˣһװɣһ׶ԸЩͽǻУǰͲҪˡʱƳһ۹˵
ѾϰˡһЦ˵ϵĹȫһͨСͷ
˹ˣһϣıȽϽȻıϲûʲô仯ǴЩϾܹҶСɵޱȡ
֪к£Ƭ̺󣬹ĿͶ
΢΢һ漴аǸϺ֪꣬ҪҶС磬ȴƫƫ⳶
һΪƵ˵ǻҶʲôҪ˵ġ
˶ĿͶҶС磬ƺһ˿ɻ
ҶС翴˿ˣȻ˵֪λôԴʧЩ֣
ǧ磬жҿǺƽãܹΪһģȻ˵
ֻҪǲҾУңһὫȫնɱĬһ˵
˵ĻҶСЦһȻ֪˵ĿģǱŹ̬ȡ
ҵǾǶɱΪŲɸ˵ĿģͼǻĲʱҶС绺˵
ûи˿ǵʱ䣬ҲԸ⿴ʧ˽Ƴʲôı
ҶСǱ̬
໥һۣȻ˳ĬУҶСĵĵȴţƷζѹ𣬸˼ʱ䡣
ҶҲ֪ʵ΢ֻܹĹطҾΪˡһӵʱһε˵
ҵʵҲߣҵͽǱˣҵǰĪ˵
˵Ŀһģһƺһһ㣬ǵ̬ѾˣǾʧ罵ٵΪߵģǿԱ֤Щ˾Բܹطֲˣʧ罵ٵΪߣǾûа취ˡ
˲ʱȻƻ
ܹжλĸҶСһЦ˵
ˣǺʧߵĶȽϽӦöʧ˽һЩɣɷ˵˵ʧľҶС翴ʵ
ҺǲûǽıȽ϶࣬˵˵ɣһӾͽԼƵһɶԥĽˡ
ɫһʵʵ˵ʧȽһΪߵȵ磬ĿռṹΪȶѹ޴Ҳ߳࣬ΨһźǸعһ覴á
ʧ˵Ҫܶ౶иռṹչ˿һ㣬ֲҪӣͳһȴһĶ࣬ûйƶȣֻи
ʧڣΪ֣˵˵ͳ˧ǵͳ˧ĻƵʮǹĵͳεƻ󣬷ħͳԨĸСȻЩСĴڵģĴ񾳷ǿ⣬һЩûκеķǿߣΪľӮۣ˵۴սʮʮҹʤδ֪
𶫷˵еЩմ۰ͳεɽҹͳεҹޱߣԼͳεȣȻ⣬ҲһЩɢûнԼķ۸ִڡ
˵˶٣ȻҶС˵־մСĶӣСĵ㣬ȵӡѺǽٺ󣬿ȶԸľ㣬նɱ۵ĶӣȻ۲ôӣΣҲ۵Ķӡ
һˣһӾ͵ǿߣҲǣǽٺҪԸ˱ҡҶСЦһ˵
͹񶼳ĬȷʵˣҶСʵΪǿˣǱ޴յҲӴȻԸ⿴һǲ磬οǽٺҪɱӺóһҶСѵѡǿߵǿߵ̬
û뵽ʧĸô࣬ȫ٣һ޴ѡҶСɫص˵
δؾѰɣü˵
δأ϶ǰٷ֮٣羭ķչѾ˸ߵȵٺܶһԼֵºϵļڣʧأŷıǿΪ²һУνĵºĶ˵Ͳڣ˲ͬĹ϶ײ޴ĻȻҲǿΪ𣬵ĳ̶Ȼռݰ˳ɡҶСЦһ


1999 ʧ
ҶСĻ˶Ĭ֪ҶС˵ʵֲͬĹ̶ֲͬȽʱȻײ´Ӵ˲ѪȺͺڰ
֪ҶʲôҪ𣿡ʱ񿪿˵
ı죬ʼǴ󻼣˵ȵħӾ֮ʱͶˣҪϣǵʱҪѡҶС˫ĿбųĹâ
ҶС˵֮ĸʱɫ˱䣬ƺ¶һ˿ǣ˲䣬ɫᶨ˵ǶȻֵġ
ˡҶСĿһۣʱѵĻҶС˵þͻֱӶǶ֣ǲʱˡ
ߡҶСŤͷҶͮ˵ιâɲǼʧ󷨡
ҶСֶΣ˶໥һۣ˴˶ܹԷеĳء
治ţŶ̶̼ڣʵˣò˶ܹ񾳣ԶԶ˦˵ʧЩֽٺܹߵһǶԿǸʱˡдһĨƻһ˿Ρ
ʱѾǵˣЩϼһҶСﴦͬһʱжǱ
ʵѾǺõˣϾѾˣЩˣǵԺ·ܳвʵעֻģһ˵Ĺâ̫ҫˡҲ΢΢һ̾˵
˵ţĿͶ񣬻˵㽫һ񽫾ȳһʧѾ˷ӡĴţָ˷򡣡
ҲôѡһΣȻǳһ߾ȫԸǣǺҵֵȫսбųᶨĹâ
㻹ǺһĹִΪִҲŶֵģҪȻ˵ǶɾͷǿߡƳһ˵
㻹ɾͷǿߣΪǿǴײ˰ǸԻ͵УҲʮ˶ѡЦһ˵
ʱӦ֪һɣ
˵ͷȷʵ֪һ㣬ҲǺȷ̫ˣһЩͽӴڿЩһȷʵҪƻʲôıˣ˵㣬㻹ҪСһ㣬ҪűˣЩ˺ǰϵá
ڵѾǰˣףһκ󣬾ˡ˵

ҪȥУҶͮȥķ򲢲ǻȥķ򣬲ɵʵ
塣ҶС˵֡
ȥʲôѵҪԶ˵ļ䣿Ҷͮɻʵ֪⣬ڶҶСӡǣ˵һֳ衣
ӡǣѾˣһʥʱҶС粻ԾЦЦ
Ǹʱʲô飿Ҷͮ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ôҵôȤѵ뿴ҳ󣿡ҶСҶͮԴ谮˵ͮͮŮ;Լ˺ܶ࣬ᡣ
ҶͮͣĿҶС磬ƺҶС绹һСӡ
ǺǣôˣղŻ׼㽲귢飬Ȼ㲻ǾˡҶСһ̾˵
˵˵ҪȻҾͻȥͰ˵ĻҶͮҶСв
ðɣҸ˵ҶСε˵ΪһۣһʼʱҪŵĻأŮˣҪŮĻҪŮв
ҶС罫ԼԨ˵ҶͮҶͮýζͬʱϵ档
ǸܿټûУҶͮĿҶСʵ
ûУҵʱľжģǶΪˡҶСЦЦ
ǸʲôϵҶͮʵ·ǷҪھһ㶫ҪȻͲһ㡣
һȥҲҪһƴռһα֮µĸֶԽúöҶС̾һ˵
ҪϽشҵ⡣ҶͮĹĵĶҶС˵
ҶС׼شͻȻ䣬ǲʲôüͷУǰǸ侹ȻʧˣԲǧķΧҲû˰ӰϢ
ôˣҶͮɻʵ
ǰǸʧˡҶСƽ˵˺ռ䣬ҶͮɲǼʧ
ȵٴγֵʱ򣬱һƬïܵˣЩϵĻܹд䲼õĺۼϧѾȫʧ
ȥطʡҶС˵ҶͮΪһ⣬ֱӳ˾һ䡣
ʲôˣҶСҶͮϢһĸй


2000 ۵Ů
ಡ
һֳ֣ĶҶС磬ƺҶСǴ֡
ķչΪߵѾͻƵʥأȻϵӦǸոͻûжá
סԵشȱٹȱҩƷʥѾǲˡ
ࣿʲô£Ϊ׵ʥظֶҶСʵлһ˿ļɵ֮ɫܹóҶСʵǿޱȣͿ͸
ǰǸǸôˣҶСϵɢЩĸȫ֡
һɿֲƣЩɫһ䣬һͷðϸܵ亹
֣֮ǰǸһ֣ǽǸȫתˣתƵڲ˵ʶľʥصĸֹضҶС˵
һתˣѵǷܿǶأֻҶСü
룬ĿͶʥصĸ֣˵л
ϣһƹâһӽʥظڣҶͮ뿪ĵشǱ߷ȥ
峤峤û°ɣҶСҶͮߺַ׷׽ʥصĸΧĵʵ
ʱ峤¶һĨϲ֮ɫûû£û¡
Ǹղǵ׹⡭
²ȥܱĻԵһٸϸ˵峤¶βסϲɫ·ǵõ˲˵Ķһ㡣
峤ûзָղǸһˣһʥصĸͻȻ˵
һˣ峤¶һĨɻ֮ɫʲôˣ
ղʥصĸһĭ˵ҶС磬ȥһδǣڳпĻ񡣡
ôܣô壿峤һŵʧ˵
ȷʵҾ;ЩϤôһ˵һ˵
ô˵Ӧþˣиôҡڵ˿ûм峤¶һĨ֮ɫ
峤ǲǸղʲôôһʥصĸ¶һĨ˷֮ɫ˵
˵ʲô飬ǻ˵峤һۣȻһŴڷȥ

ȻҲΪҶСʵǿޱȣٶҲޱȣһ·ϸٷУͬɨѰǵټ
ҶСǵʱ۾һѾҵ˰ʱھٹһ޴ǳС
˰˷ܿٶδʵѾﵽα۷壬Ŭߡ
ʵҲӵĺܿ죬ȻѾͻƵα񾳣ٶȺܿ죬һģع򼫿죬Ϊ֮е顣
ǸǱܿǨˣŮˡҶС¶һĨΣľҶС磬ԥҪҪȥҲ֪֪ԼҶСлô롣
ҶͮһһӳϿգзֻзܿΪߣȻҲвα񾳸ֲ붼ǳںڵģڵĺ١
ʱҶͮ״̬ʵû˷֡
ҶͮĴӸ߿տеһУƺѰʲôһĻҶСεЦЦȻ֪ҶͮѰҷܿ߰ġ
ȥɣҶС˵һֱ˺ռʧˡ
Ĵһ޴ĸۡڣܿԶһʮűµͥԺڣһɫƳɵӣɼͥԺһôĹӣĶʮţʮᣬһˮһ㡣
ҶСҶͮӰֱӳľʵķУڵĲðǸеһģһŴϣȻԭһŰɫƤ
ԺŮӾǰҶͮĿԺ֯ɵİɫȹŮʵ¶һµӡ
ҶС˵ͷ
۰ֲһֱʫҶͮĵ˵
Сʱ򣬺ʫûٱӡȻ̡
ҶͮĻҶСɫһ漴гһĨ˸֮ɫһĨ
ʫһʫ˵ԸΪۡͨӣҶС翴ͥԺеǸ˶
ûж೤ʱ󣬰ӱ˽ڵҶСʱһסˣķɫС촽ƺҪ˵ЩʲôдһĨ𣬻һĨ顣
ôˣǲǲԸңҶСЦЦ˵
ǣǡϽ˵ɫһЩţһЩִٲ
ҶС˹ȥнӹӣȻϡ
ߵǰ˿һᣬͬˮһ㾲Ĭ˸оܡ


2001 
һʱôҶС翴Űʵ
ţͦõģܿҺܺá˵һŪ½ǣƺܽһ㡣
˿Ҷֿͮ˿ҶС磬ȻܲȷʵλŮѰɣ
ŮѣҶС¶һ˿ĹŹ֮ɫһĨ˹ȥ˰ߣЦЦ˵Ů
ŮһֳһĨΣƺЩ˼
ôҶСʵ
˵ľѣľˣǴܲȫ㽫ǽӹܿǸˡΪ峺Ϊͣ紺⣬ůͬһ磬ͷ
ͬһ㽿۶Ҷͮ¶һĨ֮ɫƺЩ˷ܣƺҪҶСôһθġ
ҶС緢ְĿȻЩԻЩӣɵŮӣҶС绹ľ
ңһ˫ˮҶС磬¶һĨ飬һĨã漴ɬһЦ߶аɣеľѾһˣһָҸĴš
ȻҺľ˴ϲȴ˼ҵĸܣӴЩϵҺ˾ʥ񣬿ֹŮʱԴҲ˽ģﻹЩɣϧ㣬ҵл֪㲻ľȴԸǱģǳʥҲģһҸ顣һž¶һĨҸ΢ЦһĨɬ
ǰǸľҺʥʱѾˣԶôľҲãҶСҲãеֻһԸΪҶˣԸҾʥˡԵĿҶС˫Ŀ˵
ҶС˰Լĸ飬ǰղ˵ģеĲĳһˣһֻһڴһµˡ
סҶСһֱ㽫ӵ˻С
ԴҶСţϸϤζҲǰһᣬһžϹҳҸЦݡ
Ҷͮɴ۾һĻƺЩ档
ϣܹԼ֯Ǹ߳ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
Ѿ˶ٶˣѾԼ֯߳ڲζһָо֪ҶС磬һĿߣףԶҸ㿪Ŀ֣ұ㿪Ŀ֡ԴƿҶСĻ΢΢ͷĿҶС˵
ҲһҶС΢΢˵ͷ֪ҪĶҪһȣûִûзյ磬ڵҶСע
ϣټʱܹ΢΢쳤ӣҶС촽һǣѵˮǰ㣬Ϲһ˿ڴһ˿ɬȻ뿪ҶСĻ
ţˡҶС翴Ű˵
ЩĿҶС磬ԥһ£Ȼʵ㲻ȥܿ𣿿ĳܿҲʮҲûиľһֱΪѾԨ
ҶСüģҲ֪Ǹüǲü
ľӺͷܿһȥԨһ·ϵǰУҲܵ˷ܿı仯ϧľҲˣ࣬׼ͳһҶС磬˴˼վλòͬìܡ
ʱͻȻ䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊ˷ܿ˹һĻ룺һԵɣ
߰ɣҶС翴˿Ҷͮ˵Ȼ߳һľݣҶͮƤһЦһȻҶС˳ȥ
˸ոߵԺĵʱһɫƤµķܿſڣҶСѾ֪ҲԣܿϳԼôһģûϳôˡ
֣кʱոߵԺſڵķܿͣס˽ŲĶҶСҶͮʵ
һˣ¶˵ġҶС絭˵ȻҶͮȥ
ܿһֱĶˣûж֣ܹҶͮʵҲα񾳣ҶСʵȴ
ҶС磿ܿɻĶҶСʵΪĸ߲㣬ҶСƬƬϵ˺ģֻܹһŵ
ҾǣģҲ嶯ֵģҪֵĻûһܹ赲ˡҶС絭˵ǰȥ
ܿ˭Ҳûж֣Ȼ˼ľԽԽԶ
ͻȻ䣬ܿоһļ£ƺʲôҪһ㣬һּΪĸо


2002 Ҫƭƭһ
е벻÷ܿתͷҶС磬һӰ·üΪϤƺʲôطһ㣬벻
ͻȻ䣬һԺи֣һᶨ仹һɰȻ֮ɫһֲ죬أŹƣ·֮⡣
ղҶСƺҲƣԺУһغˣȫһʱ䣬Ժһһ˵ԾȻľ
ûҶСղǶ۾ľ۾ô˵ҶСľˣǿģҲѹְͻȻǿҶСעΪҶСľѾܺýˡ
ľ뵽ܿɵýһаһ˿Թһ˿˼кܶ޷С
ںҶͮǰߵҶСͣ˽Ų¶һĨ֮ɫܿϳȻиˣϾ˵ԼڷܿлռкܸߵλãǸ˶ϣԼܹõŮĴࡣ
εͲľҶС硣
Ǳ˳ҶСתŷܿ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ԨһУ֪úܶ˶Ѱ䣬ǸûҵΪѾˣû뵽ľȻҶС磬һнѿ֮ƣ㲻ƭˣƭңˣÿһͬһʱһȥԨǰڵĵط㣬ϣع飬û뵽ȵȷʵ
ܿһҶСһ˵оӨ£Щո±㻯ΪһſžӨ͸ӡ
˼ᣬˣǵˮữΪࡢΪӨ͸顣
һˮ飬ҶС粻ЩݣڶοŮᣬҲǵڶΪöԷŮӡ
Ϊʲôôģ뿪ҲӦøһҪƭĻôƭһӣΪʲôҪʹأܿȻˮϡ
ܰʱƭܹƭһһǸ˵ҲһҸ
Բ𡣡ҶСǸĿһ۷֪ܿԼŮӵġ
ʹֻ࣬һԲ𣿡ܿеˮѾʧˣԳһЦ˵ʧ
֣ϽӵһŮʱҪǰοǵǸʱҶͮҶС紫
Ȼ鰮֮黹ǺܶҲŮӣ֪ŮʱҪʲô
ҶСһ˹ǰһȻؽܿ˻УܿǶԹ΢΢ţ㽫˰С
ѾôŮйӴҶСľȻʮϵΪͬԭ򣬻ޱεԭһûзӦҿҶͮʱѣҪȻеŮ˵Ļ
ӵӣҶͮշȭһ͵ƣС˷ܣԶİһĻ覵дοиˡ
þãܿǶԽ׵ɿ˵¶Ȼֿϲߺ죬ǸոճζСŮ
ٲɿĻҾҪˡҶС缫Ϊŵ˵
ߣٶϢ³ܿһǣһɰӡ
Ů˺ģһССĸжССĹػǸжʮ֣죬ǰٴĿࡣ
֪ģϾǲͬһ壬ҵʱܻңй˼ɡҶСһЦ˵
ҽܣԺƭңҪƭͲҪ֪ܿҶС˵
ҶСĵ˵ͷ
ھҪ𣿡ܿٴʵ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ţֻɺ·Ȼ㿴Ҳ֪ҵݣЩʣӰ죬ģǱٴҶС翴ŷܿ˵
ȻˣҾͲǿˣڴٴ档ܿһЦ˵ֱʱʹࡣ
ˣౣأʲôģֻҪҵ֣û˸κ㣬ǶءҶС翴˿ܿȻ˿ιâҶͮʧˡ
ҶС뿪󣬷ܿվþûжվϾǲᣬһĨԹ
Ϊ˵Ķݡܿճ
ܿ㣬ǹġʱһ֪˵ӣԴ˵ϻ¶һ˿ƺ·ܿһ㡣
Ⲣ㣬֪뱣ҲΪѣϾͬһ壬ܻìܴڡܿ΢΢һ̾˵ˣǺҶСĸиСˡ


2003 
壬ܿĸۡڣӰվ·ʵ˼ʲôӰĹ¶

޾УҶСҶͮһȥһ·˶Ĭţƺ˴ŸԵ顣
֮ڵô£ڣҶ̲ͮסѯʵ
һΪ㲻أҶСǺһЦ˵
ʵҲǿǣ˽е룬Ϊʵ֪˭󣬱֮仮һṵǲûôҶСε˵
ϣһĸ飬һ䣬лûǸʱ䣬ֻܹȽ£ȴĳһ죬糹׵̫ƽ󣬲Żټɣ
ܿͰͬڰﲢû֣֮Ҳûʲô棬ҪǸ飬뷨ܼ򵥡ǷܿȻĸ֣ϲи飬ǱһϣϵĵӺأǿߣﻹЩᣬԣڵ綼һռ䡣ҶС绺˵
ԭҶͮƺЩĵ˵ͷ
ڶ󷨵֪ʶôҶСʵ
ûĿ졣ҶͮЩյ˵ƺΪԼ¶оɥ
Ҳôģ󷨣²һ󷨱ȽУȻ󷨷ȽΪȴ㡣ҶСЦЦο
Ҷͮ˵ͷ
γеǽˣնɱʧˣ˽ʧʵֲù˱̬ʣµıϻڲеͳһӱԶֶԸˡ
Ҫ峼Ǵɱǵ񾳸⻹ҪһȺʵǿѹӲܹķڷ
ûйãҶСصһ򣬴ʱһֻʣľ¥еŷǧгǼŮ˶뵽һˡ
صһҶͮȥѧԱڵ죬ҪȥĽѩæ
ҶСȥ˱ԭǱߣ׼ԲɼһЩϣȻٲһ޴ޱȵʱ󷨡
ʱ䣬Ųɼ㹻˲ϣһѰһˣûһ̵ĵ죬Ȼ㿪ʼʱ󷨡
ʵѾ񾳣ʱĸΪǿˣõ󷨿ɲһϵô򵥣ǽռ䣬ʱȫһ𣬶Щϻᱻ󷨵Ļ㣬ڵ£ա
ҶСΪҲһµʱɣڲ󷨵ʱʱ򣬿ռǼ˺ܶࡣ
ӱϿֻ幫ңǽк󣬾ͻᷢƴޱȣһƬСأθӣ֡ɳĮ಻ɽ
ҶСǿʵÿռרſٵһռ䣬ռеʱľűռ䲼õԽ󣬶ʱٵƿԽѣҶСͻƵ񾳣ڹһʶǸʱ󷨵ʱٻ졣
ȻʱܵһЩӰģʱƣԽ죬һǸʱѾʮˣΪ졣
쿪ٳɿպҶСطнһЩʵǿޣͶУڣ˲ܹӿ죬ܹԼ
ҶСһԺڣһܹˣȻȫα֮µĸ֡
콻Ľѩȥ£Ĵһʵӵĸ졣
ʱ䣬Ľѩ㽫¸㶨ˣһеˣҪҪѻֿ֣ɲһ㣬õȻܴ
ˣȻǿ߽У֪ڻһ»ָ㲻ʲôȵʵ󣬱ܹȥһЩΣյĵطѰϡ֮ﻻȡ֡
ҶСпһĵ죬Ȼжſռã濴Ǻܴ󣬵ǽ󣬲֪ޱߡ
æµµʱ䣬ҶСŽԼ꣬һ󷨵飬ѾȫˣÿæָһЩ󷨸ֲ
һ죬ҶСոæµ꣬ͻȻ䣬İŮȸһй䣬ʱ䣬ٶ¡
Ҷ鹧һ˿м˵
ллҶ֮ȸҶСһм˵
ÿ֮ͶѣڻָôҶСĵʵ
Ѿָòˣһܶ鶼ˡȸǸĿ˵
ȥǣҲǲһ£ڿ¿ʼҶСЦЦο˵
ףҶʱȸúÿ磬ȻѰ㣬Ϊ¡Щ˼˵
һֲǽɵĵطȥ೤ʱ䶼ԣ˱ҾͲˡҶСЦЦ˲ʧˡ
ҶСʧıӰ˶¶һĨм֮ɫ


2004 ʵ
Ҫõ˲ţһҪǣɣǳʱǲŻٷ֮ٵķӳԼļֵ
ȸ뿪ҶСͲΪûǸҪԴ£ҪıģֻϵĶԴǣǲŻϵĶԴԼ
صһҶСϵطǸһѾһƽʯҶͮµģΪ˲ҶСմЩ
ҶСʯϣպ˫ĿʼµѾ񹦵ھŲ㣬˵ûʲôƿֻҪͰﵽˮɡ
ҶСһʱڣĽ˸߶ͳһΪǵĽ׶Σ˶϶һΨһʥء
ѧУЩѧУԴʦʵҲΪŵȣһÿһδЩѧУɾӢҲվӢ˲š
Ȼÿһ˲ţһ췽ԷѧУһЩʵĽ£ڲѧУԱɵΪĿ꣬ö֮γһԵѭʴӱ˶ɽһ
ʱʧһʵҲǿ
ʱˮתۼʮʱ䣬ʮķ췭ظı仯һα񾳸ֳ֣ͻƵ񾳣ʥؾصĸָǶ塣
ĵѾȫһϣĸһѾȫһһҴϡ
һӢӵܱգǿ󱻴ɢƳսţʮʱ䣬ѾΪһ壬ЩһڶԼĸˡ
ڸ˲໥Ĵ󻷾УûԸ뿪ַΧޱŨûӣһͬʣţʴֻۣҪڷܣܹԿ࣬ôܹԴЩԴԼȡġ
ֻУŬ˶ĸûǸԸ
Ȼһû˴ߴ٣ÿȻͷ·һĹ޲ǡ
һִӰǣһΪĻƽʢչĴơ
Ȼʮһչ⣬壬ѹڷչÿһ綼ܶαǿߡ
ȵĶУܶѾ۵Ĺˣʮȫ˳
һӵеα񾳸ûһǧҲˣȴֻȼˣ񾳸˵
شƵĴ£˵Ϊα񾳸ڳһʱ䣬ȻᱬͻƣͻƵ񾳡
Ҳ˵Ҫﵽķ»ҪεĻ۱
˵α񾳸ѾֵǮˣʥ۷Ĵڸǲض˵ˣ֪ж١
ҶСڱչ֮ǰٳռ䣬ʱӿռ䣬˾Եãܶ᲻һ٣ͽʥ۷壬ЩΪŵĴڲʮ͵ʥ۷塣
ЩپһʱĻۣͻƵα񾳣Ǹ߷չװ
ȻΪչͬʱпƼҲڼٵķչһƼ;ĿƼԺѾзǿޱȵսսг⣬и߿ƼĺϽϣܼУִǿ
Щ⣬˲ָƣָʵҩҺȵȣ˵һƼĻԻʱ
һһ£ҶСȻǿһ㣬겻䣬ƺһ㡣
ͻȻ䣬˫Ŀ˫Ŀз·̺һƬ棬еâǳУܹ͸
ɢһռϢ·Ѿһ㣬ƬƬһ£ֱӴ͸壬·õĴһ㣬졣
ʮһЩͶĹȫۺһһԵѱ䡣
ľѾﵽ񾳣ȻҲܹ񾳣۷֮䡣
Ĺƣʱ䣬̤񾳡
ʱ⵹ͻȻ䣬ҶСĸ֡
Χر仯ռŤЩղµһ³һϣŴȫĻΪ˻Ƕ䣬ٱѿʧʱ⵹һڵʱ仯
ڹͶԶãıڽǾ߷Ҳܿ죬ӳ񾳵ʵѾ۷ʵ
ʱȻ£Ҳ֪Ǿ߷ķâܹ֮ܲնʱ˿ߡҶС¶һĨڴ֮ɫ
ҶС˵򲻹һοսҪõĲЩзâ֮˽󣬿÷â֮øΪֲΪ̬񾳺Щ񾳸ʩչ˹һƳȻˣΪ˲֮ڡ


2005 
ҶСѵʱ򣬾һڣһںߵһ߷˫Ŀ΢΢ɢһϸСѷγɣԶԶȥҶСһ߷Χһڹһ㡣
ȻҶСķȴһģϾӵҶСһꡣ
һһڣҶС΢չһ壬ȫֿ죬һ˿УʱһҲûУЩģչһҰС
һʱѾһڣα񾳸һɢǿϢʥ۷ĴڸǶĶ塣
񾳸Ѿ˺üϡơϹӣмսŵǿߡ
񾳵ĸ֣⣬ʮʹߣǵΪ񾳣ҶǺڣѾҪͻˣУһ߲ʵ˺ܶࡣ
һܹжϳģ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСɫһ˶ź꣬һֱѾжٶûмˣһΪȻ۷ٶȼޱȣҶС΢΢ȡ
ĶźӦ˵һ壬û壬ֻ꣬ѪӰҲͬѪӰ˵ǽʵ֮ĴڣźǴĴڡ
û뵽ʵȻôࡣҶСЩ⡣
ɢ鿴һһУѧԱĻǳʵǶ±ҶС綪üꡣ
ͻȻ䣬гһ˿֮ɫֻҶͮѵһ꣬Դһ֮ܺɫ
ӺҶСʶһΪѾʥ۷壬ӣҶС֪˭ԼӨĺӡ
ҶСв¶һ˿֮ɫʮһֱӨ鶼ˡ
ʱӨȻǸУɳϣ֪ʲô鼮дһĨΡ
ҶСһ˺ѿռ䣬Өߡ
ľ¥ĿУͻȻ֣ΪѾﵽα񾳺ڵӨŤͷȥҶСʱ¶һĨ飬ʵΪͻˣ
ûͻƣһ㣬ò˶þͻͻƣе㣬ҲеҡҶСߣӵ뵽˻˵
Ө΢΢һ𣬿ҶСʵ𣿡
һҲ֪𣿡ҶС練һ䣬ȻǸĿӨһʱˡ
Ҳ࣬ܶࡣӨʮ˵һᣬûһ˿Թ
ҰѺӽҶС˵һ䣬һҶͮŶӴȥ
һһ˵ĵУҶͮڽѵԼĵܵܣܵܵΪ޷죬ȻȥαսǸܵ綼ûˡ
ܵҶСĴ¶һ˿ϲɫһ̱˵ˣȥ
꾪һȻϲɫЩڴϽҶͮɳ۶ȥ
ôҲҶС磬ֻҶС磬ûмӡС˵ҶСӢ¼ݲѣڲҪļЩЩ
ľ¥ĿУҶСӨ죬ȻͻȻͣһ̣Ӱһ˿С
֣Ҷͮ˵ؽһȻҶСһߣǵҶС绳в䣬һ˿վǰƺЩִ١
֡ҶСĿĶԼһȻһƺܺһ㡣
ʲô֣ҶС͵ʵ
ҽҶ졣Ͻ˵
Ҷ죿֣ôίˣûкúý̵㡣ҶСǸ˵
ûίн̵ҵġҶ쿴һҶͮȻ˵ԳһĨ֮ɫ
ӲҶСƿأһĻЦЦȻŤͷҶͮԴԼԼĹͻȡĻṩģ
ȫԼ໻ȡģûдӽҪ֡ҶϽ˵
ҶС˵ͷȻ󻺻˵ȻҵĺӣҲϣ⻯ˣҶϸ̶ȱ˸Ӧף㲻ͬŮӣԣˣҪ޴ΣΪҵĺӣǸҲǱ磬ս
ˣԼ⣬б֪ҵĺ𣿡ҶСʵ
û֪ҶҡҡͷԼݣһĽͼĽԴˣһ㷴ȨûС
ǰ飬ºܲ⣬ˣΪĳɳǽҶСͷ


2006 ͽ
Ǳãӽ쿪ʼһ綼֪ҵĶӣȻҲӦսϣ׼ûһʥ۷ĴսʱͻƣҪȻ̴ҶСƽĿҶ˵
ȻĿƽҶȴܹܵǿϣһսϢ֪˶֪ҶСĶӣôǰս
ΪǰҶСܹʥ۷޵УôȻҪӵǷҶСһܹ޵
סҶĵ˵ͷ
ҪҶϸΪҵĵ˺ǿΪҵĶӣЩ˹Ŀ꣬ҲϣĽ˿ȸܹߣҷֵһεĺöӡҶС˵
һṼҶᶨ˵ղŽʱЩܷŲ׵İԼλá
ҶСĿһۣһɲǼһ
һҶҶСĶӣΪʥ۷壬˶սʤߣһΪһ壬ֻҪα֮µĸ֣ҶС֡
һƴ쳹ʮأе˶ˣ˶֪Ϣ
ҶС绰µʱ򣬺У֯һӰһӰҶӡ
һӰʱʧ
ҶСºһĸֶˣܶ˶׷
Ҳ٣Сû뵽ȻǵĶӣֲʵôǿһһ׳ݿ˽⵽ҶϢ̲ס˵ͬʱһ˿ĵ⣬ԼȻܹʶĶӣǶô˵һ鰡
սʤԴһѧǶôջ󰡣УһҪԣʵΡ
һڣ棬˶£ܶ˶׷ͨݿҶս
һЩ˷׷׼ǰģ׼Ҷս˭֪ҶСǵһ֣ܵУؼ츳ףĹһġ
ľ¥УҶС翴ֱȻվĶӺĵ˵ͷȥսˡ
ǣһһ޵ʥҶᶨ˵Ȼת뿪
ת˲䣬һεĹâڣ˭ҲûзһĻ
Ҷ뿪ҶСͻȻоҸ첲΢΢ЩʹŤͷһֻӨԹĿƺ̫ˡ
ǲǾ̫ϸˣҶСЦʵ
֪ҲΪãͲܹ˵ỰȻȥ𣿡ӨֵĿһҶС˵
ҪΪǿߣҪѧ¶ڻܵʱ򡣡ҶС˵
׼ΪЩսʤһ𣿡ҶͮͻȻʵϴһĨŹֵЦ⡣
ȻһһԾŶҶСͷ˵
𣿻ǵõμӹǴһһԴǴεĵһųȻԴȴΪһȴһֱûʵ֡
ŮԼ̨ҶС¶һĨ֮ɫһʱ䣬̫æˣǼ¸ˣһᲹģô
ҶСϽʵ
ĺˣǵȻܹһʧ˵ˣҺǧѩǺܶ˲伮ڸݳһҶͮϴЦ˵
ͻûУҶСѯʵ
ûУȻڴʥ۷壬ҿСĶֱҶͮ¶һ˿ŹֵЦ⡣
ҶС˵ͷųȷʵܺãι̣δܹΪǿߡ
ûͻƾͺãƵĻᣬҪȻͳˣݳĹҿҶС罫ĿͶҶͮ
ҶͮͷбһöƬöƬдǲ
ҶСһ̽˽룬Ȼ㿴˿Ȼպ˫ĿٵԺƺķģع˶
һʱ䣬ʱ䣬Žǲƣ̺ع򣬻ЩлܹĹ򣬿˵һҶС紴ΪĹ
Ҳܹųӡ
ҶС˫ĿƬеĹȫĨȥȻԼĹȫӡС
ѾˣҶͮ۾һʵ
ˡҶС罫Ƭ˹ȥ˵ƣҲЩԲ
ⲿֻˣα֮µĲ֣αֻһʾԺҪɾ͸ߣҪԼ·ҶС˵
ⲿһܸ˵أ̫ˣŮ޷أҪҪΪͽҶͮҶСʵ
ѽ˰ɣҶСŮԴһЦʵ
ŮҲΪ롣ҶͮһӿҶС硣
ȲⲿͻƵα񾳣ұΪͽҶС˵漴һЦˣʮûпı仯Ҳǳȥˡ
һĨĹâ˲ʧˡ


2007 
ʮ꣬ı仯Ҳܴе˶ʹõһݿСжһĶһ涫̣Ҳרҩˮȵȵĵ̡
ӵĵѾչ˻ΧĹȣЩȵĺֶܶõһݿȻͬȵݿǲͬģܹ
ȻһܱߵĹȣĹҲһ̣ҲΪ˷ڼ䡣
Ҳƺһ涫ֵ̣Ƕûһ򿪰Ļ𱬣ԴҲûʲô취ֻܹһ̣ԽԽ࣬ѩһ㡣
ǻҶҶСǰ¡
һѾҵĲ֣˵ǻϿһ̣ҲͬϿɡ
Ϊؼһ㣬ֿģȻǰҪһ򷢲ݿһõݿҲܺܶȨ磬ܹĶȡ֣ȻûֻȡҩҺ׵ȵȡ
ֻҪЩֲڻΪԣ˵ĲգǻӭǰӶ෽λĽܹĸΪǿ
챦ſƼ໥䶼Իȡ
ҶСһһ㣬ڴ·ϣ۲һЩеȻĲǷз·˵Ϊ
һʱҶСصһ򸽽һʱۣʮˣЩ˶ʥصĸ֣кܶα񾳸֡
ЩһʱжЩɻ󣬲֪ҶСǾۼʲô
ʮ꣬ҲǸжʱˣҪǽǻΧƬУܹ𣿡ҶСĿһɨʵ
ܡʮ˸ߺ졣
ã˵˵ƻҵԭǲʹֻ̣Ҫ£Ҳãնɱһ֣һҲգ֮ҪԼ񡣡ҶСƬռ
Ǳ֤񡣡
СҶСĿһ
ڡ¶дӶ˳һ޴ĿһŰ塣
ԶһȥϵķɱȵǼ졣
ǡ
ϹӣһȥԽǱߵĹȣŲѩֵ֣ܺǱȥӡǸȡҶСһһŵһţʮȫˣϰα񾳸ֶƽķ䵽ÿһС
֮⣬ҶС绹ʮʹ߷ֱǰȥ
ϣǶܹɹҶСĿһɨ˵
ݡ
ҶС绰ʱʮ֧黯ΪһԶȥޱߡ
ҶСø־ۼһֱûõӵʱ䣬ٶȼ죬˸о·Ѿ׼һ㡣
ԶȥҶС罫ĿͶʮʹеģһֱʮʹУİȫʮЩ飬ʣֻˡ
ߡҶС˵һ˲ʧҲûѯʣֱӸҶС硣
ֱҶС뿪︽˲ſʼۡ
֪ҶЩָʲôȥˣ
У⻹ҪʣҪǻΧЩȫƿأò˶೤ʱ䣬Ҫ嶯ˣȵҶͳһ󣬹
ڵ״̬ͦõģΪҪսأ
ƽҲһʱѣԽƽҳ̶Ȼ󣬻羡ͳһҷǳ֧Ҷж
һʼֻһ򸽽£ûаСʱ¾ʹģ˶֪ҶСˣΪ˶׷ۣһЩ˳ַ̬ȣЩ˳֧̬ȣЩ˳Ĭţƺ뷢ʲôһ㡣
ûжú飬˸ңи塣
һЩ֪ƿعҵЩѣΨҶСǰʰǣ֪Լ͵ֵס
͹ЩģʮǰǺҶСѾ̸ˣ˭Ҳұ֤ҶС粻ᷴڡ
壬æµһ߲鿴ҶСĶһ׼֪ҶСڶ֣Ǿͱʾϲͣˣڣ»֡
Ѿһÿһ½ڶӵͨĴ󷨣ӿԽеȫһ𣬲ҶС繥һ壬Ƕٵ֧Ԯ
ǲһֶһĵشһػڴ½ԵشȻֲ鿴ҶСĶ
ʱ򣬼˶ĿͶҶСɳȥʮ֧飬һ뿴ǵսҪǻʲôĿꡣ
һս˵Ŀ⣬иȣĿ⣬ҶС籾ˣЩô鿴鲻ҶС絽ʲôطһڣѾȥʲôط
ҶС̫ǿˣûܹټ


2008 
ʮ֧ʮ˵Ķ飬糤һ㣬պϣϵƶһ룬ǿ¡
ͳһɺɫףɢѪĹâһ·Ͻ֯ǻһ㣬˵ϢͨЩ׶ںһ
еȱףǽ׵ĻΪǿޱȣЩȫø߿ƼԼϴɶˣҿܹ˵Ĺһ
Щͨڲϵͳɵģеϵͳܹжϳ˵ı֣ҲܹʾԼӦȥʲôλãôϵȵȡ
䡪
һ㣬ĳ̶ȣɢƣ𾪡
¶дһ֧˻ϱߣǼɵĹҡ
һ˺գһ㸩Ȼûг֣ѹ˺ܶĶڲ
ҶСǲٶ̫ˣЩȸûнյκεϢ
ʲôˣǹҵҰͻȻ䣬һ
˲һֲ·ųα񾳸ֳ˵ҰС
ôֺɫ˱䣬Ϊʲôǰû뵽Ȼôˣһ²̨ˡ
ʲôˣα񾳸ֵ˵С˺ܶ࣬·һûˡ
ߡǰĶһ޴ĿԶɳʱ䣬һƬռ䶼ˡ
䡪
һ죬ղα񾳸һӱ¶һȥ˺ݺݵ˵ϣϳһ޴ӣα񾳸ֻгȥûнȥһϢ
¶˵һ֣Ǿ޴Ŀ̶ֱ¡
ۡ
΢α񾳸룬궼նˡ
ܡ
Ͻܡ
һĻ˶ŵȥһʮֺµӡ
ӽ쿪ʼһˣһʱǻǰݿǿϡĶȡ֣Ȼûֻȡ似ֶУһܹ뻪ģͬľս˵
һӣֽ٣ȣͬʱɢһЩУͬʱҲ
ˣĶõĶʽЩȡ
ȻҲЩɱصӣǽЩеα񾳸ȫնɱǿʵԷ
Сʱʱ䣬ʮ֧֮ƺɨܱߵЩȣͬʱֹ޴ĻҷЩȶƳ
˲Сʱʱ䣬Щ񶼰ûٻŻŵܣҡ
ʱǽϢݸһһƼɳרԱЩȵǼǵϢݿ⣬ɳ˸֣һ̡
Щ飬ҶС罻һŮȫȨ֣ڵ֪ģò˶ãЩȵϰһС
ҶСģֱӢˣ߶ЩѪҺΪʳණ
裬ʱĹȣҶСֱӳ˰轼һűǰһű¾ޱȣ̦ǽڣıЩǽΧƣӣƺҪǱΧһ㡣
ҶС˸ոճʱֻӹűзɳâһǱӣǵƤ쳣ѩף·𼡷µëϸѪвκεѪҺ
ǿҶСʱɫһ䣬ǿһЦӭҶСű
˵ͬʱһʿơ
лҶС΢΢ͷȻıǰȥǸոߵűſʱ¾ɵľŷ֨Ȼ󻺻򿪣·һٿһС
ҶСûпֱ˽ȥһ߽űһΪĿڣһյݳ޵ˮƴӸ߿յ£쳣
ΧźܶڷźܶĴЩװ֪űһܻɣҼΪϲղЩĶ
ҶСڿڵɳϺɫһ೨ĿɳȹŮӶһƿƣֻӨ͸ĸ߽ŲޱŵķҶСǰ
ҶСãѪȥ˼һЦ˵Ȼǽһľ¥ȥ
ĽŲĿԵ쳣
ҶС簵Թ۲һűӲĲ鿴һжĳԺС
ǱУһ񾳸֣񾳸֣Ķα񾳣ǶĬĬţƺûвҶСĵһ㡣
˿űҶСҲ£ĵĵȴǵĵ


2009 ˵
轼⣬һű岼ֿܹӣɺɫĹߣһصĸо
úһɫβװɫϴર઴ľ¥
ɫ𪣬촽Ůӻʺ촽Ӻ˸һĸо󻹸ʮװɫȹŮӡ
ӭĵѣ֪ǹűʲô飿һŵҶС棬ϴŵЦݣһʿӡ
۾ֹţƷ࣬Ȧڣû˱ȵùȺһ
ҪӢ˱¶һ̬ȣҪԸʱҪһ׼ӡҶС絭˵ȻƽȴһֲݾܾƣǿߵİԵҲǿߵһơ
ɫ˱䣬Щ˵ɫҲ˱䣬˼Щ΢΢ķŭûһ˸ұ¶֪ҶСǿҶСҪնɱǣǸͷˡ
ΪʲôҪôƽĿҶС˵
һʣƺҶСƾʲôҪ֣ǳֻʲôô
ǿԲôҪһͳһࡣҶС˫Ŀбų⣬߽űռ֮ݻɫѾʧȥɫɫ·ڸǣڵѪҺҲʧ
ҶС仰УѾˣҶСľģǲô´˿̾ͻǱѾһ㣬ʧȥɫ
飬Ҳ˵˵ҶСֻһ䣬Ȼնɱвα񾳸֣ҶС磬ǿ־塣
ǰʱǸûںҶС磬ҶСܴ󣬲ҶСһǶʮ񾳸ʱг׵ķˣǿ־塣
ãҴӦ㡣һ˵ΣѾ񾳸ˣҶСϢ£Ȼ̲סĲ·һѪѹơ
ܺãһǵѡϣʧǿ߽ٺҲҪѡǣҪȻվᱻȥҲͬҵ岢棬ûǸ͸𡣡ҶС¶һĨЦ⡣
Ȼһֻ߽ŲУ֮һĺƣ𣬡Ҿһ
ʱһŮӶһͬʢкƵĸ߽Ųݸꡣ
ۡ
ֻ߽Ųһһ
֪Щ˱Щƣһ׹ǿԳĹ̷ǳʹ࣬ôǲٱơҶС˦һöƬƽ˵
ҶСĻ¶һ˿֮ɫɿץƬȻ鿴еݡ
ʮʱ³һβסϲɫϵ˵лҶ
һ㽱ϣǴӦҵܹ򡭡ߡҶСһһǿޱȵ֣ÿ˶ЩƲסԼĵѪЩѪҺҲ
һιâҶС˾ʧˡ
ɲǼ䣬űмžޱȣûһ˵ǶҶСǿ
һǻʱ䶼ûɹ飬ȻɹˣΪиͲǵѡ񡣡þã껺˵
棬ǲĿԵǵĿ𣿡ʱһ񾳸Щŵʵ
ģһ񰡣̾һ˵
ǲл᲻ʲô⣿һܽƻġղ˵ѵ
ûʲô⣬ǸҪΪĺܿ죬ѾЩϼһٸʱ䣬ߵĸԶΪǿ߸Ͳ⣬пܳ˵еǸ硣¶һĨ֮ɫ
֪ͨȥԺעһ㣬Ҫڻĵ
ǣ档

صһҶС˽⵽Щǵ״ҶС绹ǱȽġ
ѾȫסЩȣЩõ˾˵һͬ˶ԸЩݿȻЩؾɣΪһʼնߣˡ
һˣһ˸Ͳᣬȵ˶˺ôǲҲ᳼һγϰߣôǱȻᱻȫͬһġ
ʮʱһҼ̱ڻΧҷ׷׳ǰʱֻм̶ѣأ˵Ǳؿ
ӪҵͬʱЩעϢ˶õݿǷݿǿĹʱÿ˶ʮϲ
ǱųԵ̬ȣһһЩĶȡֺڶһҩҺϲ֪һûƭˡ
ߵ£ЩȸûҾ֣һٵӡ


2010 ŷͻ
һɳȥʮˣѹӢǰ㣬һ磬ͻɢؿ
ԻΪģʮַ·ǳһɢƿ˺ܶңЩҶԻΪһݿζǣ£˶һ򣬲Դ˶
Ϻ岼Ǿ֮ϵǳããС
һĵϣͻȻ䣬һǿģ𺳵Ϣ˳һӱݻ٣¶˳
һսʤˣҵܹôҵ־Ǳǿ󡣡ͻȻ䣬һĺ
һ㣬ܵſϲá
䡪
˲䣬ֱ飬һûããУһƬУֻһӰվ
һӰͷ棬ϵ·ޱȣǸɺԵѪգҪжңһӰŷģüǿ־սʤŷĺ֣ѪҺеǹȫģΪҲֱͻƵ񾳡
ʱ֮ƹһؾ£һѹ٣ŷ֡
ŷıϢʱһпƶƻҶСбһĨâ
˼ȻܹսʤѪеǹ־ҶС¶һĨ¡
Ƭк췣١
ŷǿѪǿޱȣս췣٣Ҳη壬Լȵ־սҲĺô־ᶨޱȣױ˵־ס
֮ϣһ£Ȼԡ׹Уûܵһ˿˺
ͻƣúֶܶӦˣЩֶڲ²ʲôͻƣȻǶûǰۿǰǻڣһҶСѹͷûȥ˭ͻˡ
ͻܹôֻǱѹţȻʧ
תۼ䣬ĸСʱʱȥˣɢȥǲ㽹ɫ룬¶һǿ·ٴ̥һ㣬Ϲâһոյıһ㡣
ͻȻ䣬ȭһȭ
䡪
ֲȭգƬջΪ˻硣
񾳸ֵǿôŷϳš
ŷܹվ֮ˣҶС磬ߺߣϧˣĻһһսǰûʸˡʮŵ˵Ǿ֮ϵ齵٣ƯվգƬɽӡ
Ŷʸһս𣿡ʱͻȻ䣬һ
ŷɫһ䣬ҶС磿
ҡҶС¶ŷĶʮ׵ĵط
㡭㾹ȻûŷʮĿҶС˵
Ǻǣ㶼ûôأϲ㣬ڽѪҺŷ־⣬ŷ˻治١ҶСһЦ˵
ŷ壿ŷôˣŷɫһ䣬ŵʵ
ŷѾˣܶѾŷһ־ռȫ˿ܣ뽫㵱壬ϧջսʤȻŷ廹м˺ܲȻһսʤ־ŷǾһҶС¶һĨĹâŷġ
Ǵͷŷ⣬ŷ⣬ûв֣䷢չֲǾΪҪЩˣ˵ˣⲻŷڲĶˡ
ŷǣŷظһ䣬¶һĨᣬҶС˵ŷûºһ
ŷУ˵ں˭ôǸ˶Ȼŷǡ
ǵõǸĸŮǸΪ˹չŮֻҪǸŮϣܹܵů
ǰֻӱܣΪ֪ԼǸŮģںˣˡ
ʱĿͶҶСʱеʧȡ֮Ǳ䡣
ҶС磬ɸҸһսŷĶҶСսȻһʮŵӣϵһĻ
ڻûʸ񡣡ҶСҡҡͷ˵ɫΪ档
㡭
׼˵һɫһӱòҰޱȡ
һǿƽٶ£Ƭռ䶼ˣܶ
ʱ֪˾ͻƵ񾳣ҶС绹ǰ档
ĵʧ磬ӦףŷھͿˡҶС翴ŷ˵Ӱ˲ʧ
ôܣʵôô죿ŷһȻԼܹҶСһսˣû뵽ԼȻǶ֡


2011 ٴν
ΪͻƵ񾳣ᳬҶС磬ǵҶСɢֲֿϵϢŷ֣ԼҶС绹̫Զˣ˸ͲһΡ
Ϊôôࣿŷ૵
ͻȻ䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʧȻѾ˶ٶꣿѹ֣ѹ֣¶ǿߡ
˵ţ˲ʧˣҶСʱ˵Ļŷ˴⣬ͦõģûжԲ״Ȼȥ鿴һοǸŮŷǡ
ŷ½󣬲ŷı仯ҲһʢףٶȲȫУŷȥ

һ¥УҶСһױޱôʱûмޱΪѾ۷壬õ˻ĴУΪǣΪ˻ΪιһЩ綼ͻƵ񾳡
Ҫ֣ô֪ͨһޱЩԹĿҶС磬ƺҶСԴ̫ˡ
񹬵Ҵ㰵أȵʧֽٺ󣬸һϲڼڰ£ʴӱˣȻָҪʲôܸ˵òſҶС翴ޱ˵
ޱһЩ˼ЦЦԭһΪѾˡ
ôأҶСЦЦ˵
лл㣬лҵλáޱ˵¶һĨ顣
֪㰵ҲΪ˺ܶ飬һýܵĻǾ̫ɵˣ飬ҲдҶС絭һЦ˵ƺЩµ׷䡣
ͻȻ䣬׷֮ɫʧһӱñޱȣһʱ򣬻ɴ˽١
ʱ䣬ҶСӰʧˡ
޾ɳĮһѷͻȻ֣һӰѷ߳Ͻһ㡣
̶һ䣬Ȼʮ񾳸ֽ٣ȻЩ˻ûг꣬һֳ֣ЩΪ͵Ķα񾳡
ߣһССĺ磬ҾͲܹʲô֣Щ˲ǷѣȻնɱһ񾳸һ˵ǳͲм
ǻСĵ㣬˵иһ۵һնɱˡһ˵¶һĨĻбܹһСˡ
ʱһӰͻأ֣·ǺܾúܾѾһ㣬һӰһּΪʵĸоʲôˣղֺǲмʵϿֲƱޱߺͬ޾Ԩ
Ǹǿߣն۵һѾ˳һ˵¶һĨأܹնɱһȻܲ򵥣οͿ͸ǰˡ
ӦþǺǿ߰ɣߣնɱ㣬硣
֡׵һһץɲǼ䣬ƬؼĹ򶼱Ķˣ۳һֻ޴ơ
һֻ޴۶ʱƬռ䶼ˣһֿռ仯ΪһƬʵǿޱȡ
ߣԲѣնɱ˵ղЩ󻰡ҶСһ˫ֻڿռе˼£һع˿߶ʱ䱻Сƻ
䡪
ֻ޴ƺȻ飬ͷ·ɳӶѻһ㣬һ磬ܹɢ
ʲôôܣһĻ󾪣һĲ֮ɫΪǿĹ£Էһ⵽ˣû뵽ԷȻֻּƽĹ
Ҳһ֮ɫ
ûʲôܵģǵʵ̫ˡҶСҡҡͷһʧӡ
漴бųâε˫ּ䱬漴лһĻߣȻɢƬռ䣬ܹ֮ӿǿķ籩
з籩γɣЩղʧ罵ٵĸֶȻһɷ籩ûʲôӸղҶС¶һȻʲô
һֲܴôõĹ
ȻǷ࣬Էֻ֣ЩסԼĵǿ߲ܹоһ˿˿أһȺ۸ڶˣûз֡

ͻأ䣬һҽֻ籩Щα񾳸ѣմһ飬Ҳɢ֮Щ񾳸֣Ҳѷ죬ѪҺ񾳸ƤѳһЩϸ΢ѷ죬ܵһ˿˿Ĵˡ
ҶСղһȺ巽ģΧ㣬Ե˵ɱȴһ㡣
תۼ䣬ϰα񾳸ڷʮ񾳸⵽ش
Щ񾳸ɫѿޱȣǵ˻ûȫپ⵽˳صĴԹס
ҹŭĺ
ʱ䣬һ񾳸ҶС繥ȥ


2012 ս
ɳ죬أһѷ컺պϣѾα񾳸ǧˣ񾳸ϰˣǿʮˡ
Щ˲ʧһЩˣܹʧĵ̡
ɱ
ʮ񾳸ϣһع򣬳ҶС磬ܣΧһǿƣֹҶС롣
Щ񾳸ָıһع򣬸ҶСѹҶС絯ָ䣬ƻЩָֻһı䣬һƻתۼǼʮйȥˡ
Щ񾳸ԽԽľΪҶС粻ʵǿһˣڿǿףǸκβ˶Է
ȻҲûȫ֣ҶСֺγأ
ʮǰܹشʮ񾳸֣ûȫֵĽʮʵ񾳲һ˿˿ѣЩȻĶ֡
ҪնɱǲòˡҶСкĿЩ˵
ĿҲ̫˰ɣȻնɱǣһܲˬ˵Ȼô˶κβҶС磬ҲҶСܽȫնɱ
Ծ֪ˡҶСһʩչɲǼ䣬Ƭط·𱻷ˣǸ磬һһ㡣
ǶعͲܹٿأ·ʧȥһ㣬ֻʣһ
ô£Ĺôܹˣ
ǵʲôط
츳ߣ䣬֡һ񾳺ڵĸɫѿ˵
˶ɫ䣬Ȼ֪˵Ŀֲû뵽ھȻˡ
񣿡ҶС¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫֵ˵Ķȴûͣһһĳµ֮˳Щ˸赲ˡ
Щֱ֮Ӱеÿжо֮ɫ·ʮֺһ㣬ս
ԼУҶСܣԭصӰûʧѾһڸǰһưؿϡ

һҽ񾳸ֵɳһ㻯Ϊ˳Ҳɢ
񾳸ֲҽе˲䣬ҶСѾһ񾳸ǰֱԴϣɲǼ䱻ҶСȡ
ֵ΢΢һֵ㱬ѣѪɽһѪꡣ
ԭˡҶС¶һ˿ĻȻ֮ɫӸղ񾳸ֵļе֪ν䣬ߣҪ壬츳ߣֻҪҲӤꡣ

ɶ񡣡
ҶСת˲䣬նɱ񾳸֣˷׷һŭһ˫Ŀͨ죬ƺҪһ㣬ΪĲȶ
ҶС֮Ӱ£ǸͿƲסԼС
ԾƽľΪλôйŹ֡һһ侲ѵ
ƣУǸκβ˽顣

һҽһ񾳸ٴ
Сǧ󣬲áһ񾳺۷ĸִһʱ䣬񾳸б任Χһơ
ϵƶһ𣬵ֱ˴˷룬һּΪìܵĸоԿ϶Ѿò˶೤ʱ䣬ǵĹͻΪһ壬
ÿʱ򡣡ǵƣҶСЦһһɲǼʧ˫лһĹ켣·ǲĳֹ˿ߡ
ʱ䣬һâк£ȫЩâȫعγˡ
ô£ҵͷ
ҵ
СģʱʱĹ򣬴ʱİ壬ƿϽƿҪȻǶ군ˡһִһ˵Ŀֲû뵽ǿ߲ͬޣΪǿʱ̫ˡ
ոս٣ûп磬ôĴ
ʱ䣬ʱ֮һڣͬʱһâЩâȫΪһ壬һӶʱ֮⡣
ʱҶСоԴһѣ·ܵشԷʱ֮⣬ܵһ㷴ɡ
ʱҲ޵еģҲзɣô˵ҲһҪ֮ҪȻԿ˾޴ķգһСĹɣˡҶС뵽
ȻƳʱ֮⣬Ǿôһ˲䣬ܵǿ˺ÿڵʧɣͷ԰ףϲƣڸ˥ϣսֱӽɡ
ɶ񣬾Ȼʱ򡣡˴һµӣǴʱ֮⣬ǻ᳹˥ϣ޼
ߣ뿪һ˵Ѿ⣬ôǿնɱҶС磬һˣսȻҶСĶˣ뿪͵ȫɣ


2013 
ҶСʵѾЩĸߴʧ罵ٵ˳ˣֻʣ˾廹пֻš
һͬ޵ˣһʱ󷨣Ƕô鰡ǶЩڣ֪ͲӦ硣
񾳸˵뿪ʱΧЩα񾳸֣񾳸ֻΪһâܷܣҶСղʩչʱýʮ񾳸սˣȻʮ𾪡
ڲܣҪȴʲôʱ
ǻ𣿡ҶСɢȥ
Զۿ񡢹񡢻кü񾳸¶һĨ֮ɫǷ׷׳֣նɱЩʧˣαҲãҲգ
ڲ֣µȴҶС罫˽󣬾Ҫʰˡ
䡪
ҶСȻʧԭأֲѹһأһӳһʧ󣬿µ
ء
񾳸˲䱻ҶСˣѪĽԶնɱʧЩα񾳸ֵӢ˸֣۵ĿЩѪҺЩѪĶߵѪҺǼ˴һ㡣
ҶС˷ѣȻۡ
ء
ת˲䣬ü񾳸ѣѪɢ£һѪꡣ
Щ񾳸ҶСʱ󷨵Ŀֲ£սͲҶСĶ֣ʮ񾳸ֻ֣ʣ˶ʮȫҶСնɱˡ
ܣס±棬ȴӡȫʱǿҪȻĶ֡ʱһһ˵
ӳ
ӳ
һĺЩ񾳸ֿдǱˣһĨʹ
ߣߣʧҼ˾ͽˡЦһ˵ȻҶС˹
ߡ
񾳸ַֿ˷ȥˮбвʡ
Ϊⲻһ磬ûʲôǿߣû뵽һһˣôնɱӴܡ
ұ
ҶСɫĺ
ǡ
΢ϴڵѪҺҲӵڣתۼ䣬ͱΪһ
ء
۵ĽⱬһС̫ըһ㣬һƥܱ䣬նˡ
ɱȫ۷ȫһ

ҽЩŷһЩα񾳸ֶȻΪ˷ĩ
䶨ʱռָƽҶС¶ɫЩ԰ףһ˿Ѫ
ղʹʱ򣬱ܵһ˺ο񾳸ԱʱΪǿ󣬿ռ䶼ȶΪ˻磬ҶСֻܹȻ󿪱ٿռ䣬ȥҪȻֻʣ°
ֵʱ䣬ɫһ䣬ѿ֮ͬʱȭֲͬķλһȭգǿ

üҽ
壿ܺãܺãȻҾǣôǾ׼۰ɣҶС˵
ʮء
ûղЩʧ񾳸ӳȥʱ򣬱Զ񾳸־ߣҪȻʣµʵӲˡ
ҶС磬ǷҪԣҲΪԱ˭֪һ׼ԸˣôƣôЩ廹л·𣿵˵ĵ˱ѣһҶС粻᲻װɣʱһƬؼ
ҶСһ֪ѪӰ񾳸ֵ
ܺãܺãȻôżҶԸǣҾͲˡҶСǱˡ
̫СЩ񾳸ֵû뵽£ȻҲǹԼЩ˱Ƽˡ
Դ񾳸֣ǿޱȣÿһڶ˳ӡǣ⣬һƵƵǸо
֪ȵҶСཫ˵ͳһ󣬱ֵǣǾԲҶС糼Ӧ˵೼
ӵʱ䰴񡢹â񣬻񾳸ֶҶСߡ
նɱѾնɱˣܵҲǺܶ࣬Щ̫ˣǷֿܵġЩ֮˵ãһʱҲҲεĿҶС˵
ζлǣϣܹ֪ͨȥȫնɱʧ罵ٵˣǰһ˭նɱˣһȡҶС翴ż˵
õģû⡣Ǽ˵˵ͷ֪һĽһܷ񣬾ֶܹġ
һЩα񾳸ֻ壬ϾЩ˾ʧ罵ٵЩ֡
ףЩ˾ͲùˡҶС˰˵˲ʧ


2014 Ĳ
ҶС˲ʧЩǿ
ٺ٣ò˵ʧЩ˱Ǯ˵նɱһʧĸߺȡӱǿȵҩҺһԴƼȱҶЩˡһѪ˵Щڴ
ǰһŭ˵Ҫдսˣ˵ǰһҲͦģ֪ҶСҪԸǣ˲ŽЩ˾£һ˾Ͷһһ񾳸˵
ʵʮǰǿˣò˶öﵽ񾳡΢΢һ̾˵
߰ɣǻȥ׼׼ҪֵĻҲܹٵӦһ񾳸˵
˶˵ͷ֪ҶСľģǾҪͳһ໹壬ҶС֮ûֱӶԸǣǿķϣҪȻҪȻôأ
˲䣬Щ񾳸ַֿŸԵȥҶСԸ壬ҪǣסǺҶСѾ˵õġ

ҶСӻʧֱźħ½ɳ۶ȥﾩϿʱһӾûڡ
һҶСķһûںĴһػпѧԺޱȣȻҪ񾳸ֿס
ħ½ħ񾳸һߴľ¥УϴһĨ֮ɫ
У⣬ʧ񾳸֣ʱǵ״̬Ϣ٣ʧ·Ҫһ㡣
ľ¥棬ʮ񾳸֣α񾳸İٶˡ
Щ⣬ʮҾ޴ޱȵĺɫսЩս޴ޱȣϰɸߣһ
ϲֻƣһַǳϵζϻи󷨻
ʮѺɫսϣÿһҶսǧʥظ֣ǧʥظ֣η·һֻֻûоѵޡ
λھôħһ񾳸ѯʵ
սǰҪúһʱָܹллǳȣҪȻǶᱻնɱһʧ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҶСǰԾµƣַƵ̬жо䡣
ʱǵսǴǰֻʣһɣʱֲ̫ˣǵÿһϸĻԣϸѾʼ˥ϣ˥ϵٶԶԶڷϸ״̬Ļò˶꣬Ǳ
Ǿ̫ˡ
磬û˵λ񾳸˥϶ǲҶĻǿ¾һˡ
ǶҲôţȻὫԼ˵ȥ
λȺúˣƾеЩܹ赲סҶС磬ҪǶƻָһܹҶС硣ħһ񾳸˵
Ǿ̫ллˡһʧ罵ٵĸַǳм˵
ŵ£λȥҡħ˵Ȩ񾳸ַԸ
ǡһ񾳸ֹ˵Ȼʧ֣ľ¥²ҡ
Щߺľ¥һƬƽûһ˵
˺þãһ񾳸ֲ˵ЩʧҲţǵָ󣬶˳֣Ȼħ壬ǲò
ߣȻҪȻ϶ʮָлȴһĨмǸͿǣǣҲǣֽ׶ΣǶйͬĵˣǾҶС磬ǱǸΪжԸҶС硣
ǰҶСʵ£ô񾳸ΧҶС磬Ȼӡлкü񾳺۷Ĵڡ
ΪѾҪ񾳣гʧĸ⣬¸ûܹεǱ뱣沨ҪȻһգЩֽٺǱ
ʱľ¥У񾳸ɫͬʱһ䣬ѿޱȣͬʱһĨغ;š
ǲһǿޱȵϢϢѾжϳ˱ҶС硣
ħ񾳸໥һֱۣӳľ¥档
ս
һ֮£սϺüֹսϵ󷨣ս
䡪
һµϢսϵȫ£Щսϡ
ˡ
սЩӵ·ȫУתе·еսˣһֻֻݣϵܡ


2015 սĿֲ
ħ½ĵشһսһֻֻ޾һ㣬âգΧĿռ䶼飬֪ǿޱȡ
һվսϣǶػսҪ֣ͬʱҲʱ׼սȫһ
ʮսգ֮һ㣬Ѳⷽأս֯ƽľ¥ȫΧҪľ¥󣬱Ҫͻʮս
Ϊ˷ֹҶСڲѾ׼ǵսϰңϧҶСһ롣
ݡ
һգת˲ҶСӰƬա
ҶС磬ʲôҶС磬վľ¥󶥲һħ񾳸Ŀ΢΢һҶСʵ
ʲΪǵʮ㣬෴ǲҶСֲ̫ˣα񾳸֡ʮսڣȻоܲȫ
ְ׳ͲҪˣʧЩˣҿԿһҪȻͱĺ档ҶСĿһɨ˵ͬʱü
Щսɢ̫ǿˣ͸оЩΣա
ս޴ޱȣ֮ȽϣϺʹѱȽϣͲһȼϡ
еЩЩôģֻͻƵ񾳣ܹƣҶС
㡭ܺãҪҽЩˣֻҪǸ¡񾳸˵
ȻҾЩսҶС˫Ŀбųһ˵
һ죬һУҶСǾ
ơ
Ӷâ֮ΧĿռϸСѷ죬˸оĿⶼһʹ
һķâ֮һеնһս
ʱսϵĹˣһâųֱӭҶСһâ֮
䡪
ƬռйΧĿռ䶼ݻΪ˻磬һܱ䣬ΧһЩľȫΪ˷ĩ
Ƭ̺󣬵зƽսȻͶûбҡ
һĻҶС˼֣ƾڵʵսҪǿ˵ֻеսǿ
ҶС磬㲻ʵǿޱǿôͻƷħ񾳸ַЦл¶һĨĹâ
ղҶСӳһâ֮ʱ඼ֹͣ°һеķâ֮綼̴ܹࡣ
Һãһâ֮赲Ȼ֪սǿ󣬵ȻûκģҶСһ֮±赲ʱġ
ʼΪȷʵƻеʱսⲢʾû취ҶС絭˵
⻰񾳸һţ·оҶСܹսһǿӲ̬˵ҪǸʵ
ҶС磬Ҳ㿴սĹ֪ܲ赲ס񾳸һĨ˵Ϻɫϣһħ١

һҶСսϣϹâʢһɹɢȫӿ˽µУȻ󾭹һϵеתȫںһ
Ҳս£ӹҾ죬ɶ
һɿֲޱȵϢҶСܹоһѾεѲˡ
˲䴩ǧǹܹƿռ׷Ѱĸо
е˼ҶС¶˷֮ɫ˶һ㡣
ҲǣΪѾûܹȵˣ˿սеսⱻ˳еѪҺڹ
䡪
ȫûκףһˮͰһߵ֪ǴսʲôطƬضˡ
һâ紩Խ˿ռʱ䣬˲͵ҶСǰ
ҶСȻܹɹâѾﵽһ¹ĵزгȻݺݴ̳µķâ֮γʽṹݺݵײâ
䡪
ɹâײһ𣬱貵ĹߣɢҶСֱӷɳ֮ԶϸֳһĨĳ죬ǻѪһ³ĳ嶯
ȻǿȻˣҶСûͣбŷĹâгӶ
ӣǸӡҶСľٶħ񾳸һĭ˵
ղһѾҶС紦·磬ΪҶС뿪û뵽ҶСӷˣսһ㣬ϵĻӶų
սϣһâҶСĹײһؼңռڲϵı


2016 ˣƻ
УһľҶСһһƴЩսϱĹâԿ
սϱǹ񾳸ֶоսҶСȴа۵ĶԿһĻħжһɺ⡣
ͬһʱ治֪ˣǲҡ
һ۲۵ķӣЩħ˶ҶСƽۡ
ͻȻ䣬˱仯ҶСһӳ˼ʮ⣬Ӱ֣ս޷
еսȷʵ񾳸ֲܹԿȵ죬ҪԾǻеʱսڵĿƼսҶСŹâ˵
ϣ˲ʧЩӰҲʧϢһʧƬռ䡣
ҶСȥħֶһ뵽ҶСһ仰ʱгһĨĲ·ʲôҪһ㡣

ããҶСӰͻأ֣һһѪǻǻڵѪӽ񾳺þöûˣˣûа٣෴Щ˷ܣֻ˵ʱܹʶң֪ԼʵҲܹܵԼĽ
оԼ񾳸һڲһʱܹǸ硣
ֲĥܹΪͻƣԭҲһҶСŹâ˵
˿ܣһʧˣصһ޸ڵơ
һ˶æµŻΧЩȵ飬սʱ๤һϵеİţΪս׼
ҶСһƵʱ򣬹ҶСǰħ׼նɱЩʧ֣赲鴫˳ȥ
´嶼ˣ±ܹҶС粢ܵģٻܹ赲סǵġ
ʵȻСܹҶ赲ס
˵嶯
ʹЩĻ˵ضᱻռҺãǹ˼̫࣬ûʹá
һҪԿһ嶨ȻѣҶ赲סҲûʲôСֵġ
ܶ˶Ϊ
е˵ҶС綼׼ڹ壬Ϊ£ƻ
һʱ˵硣˭Ҳ֪
Ȼ£Ҳ˵ˣҶС类赲һ£ȻǳԾȴûΪҶС类赲еϧбʲô˼
ҶСǱжô֪ģܹ赲һҲܹ赲
ʱҶС˫Ŀ¶һĨ⣬ȫָˣΪ־һ˿
һɨŮڿʲôһ˿С
ʲô飿ҶСĿһɨŮʵ
ˣĽѩҶСʵ
ţѾˣһʱܹͻ񾳣ʲô飿
ҲսʱòЩзս˵ĵʧЩˣҪҪЩЩˣĽѩʵ
ֶΪսзģãĻʲô壬οҲǶиƾߵĻʤˣ¶ʧءҶС˵
ðɣȻѾˣôǾʹðɣҪʹöң
жңҶСʵ
һдսʮңС͵Ķٶңе˵սǧЩȻ޴󣬵ȴתƣܲ᰿˵
ҶС˵ͷҲ֪Щ豸ǹŴսеȫ׸ǣǿ󣬵Ժ⡣
ʮҴսͶʮСսǰħ壬ʮҴսͶʮСսǰľ壬ʮҶС˵
ˣ½໥󷨣Դ֣ǿԴһƻɡ
ֻ壿ô죿Ҷͮѯʵ
ͷȥɣ֪ЩصԱǺܶ࣬һĶȤģ֮ǰҲǿʵǣڣ£ţǶȻȫԸġҶСŹâ˵
ѵѾһļƻĽѩҶС硣
ǳѣǿ󷨵֮Ȼȴִħ壬嶼ǰ֧ԮǸʱǻٵ󷨣ȻͬʱйǾԻңȻǲ֧ԮĻãһһ𣬵ȻļƻҪִС
Ҫ˦ƹˡĽѩҶСһۡ


2017 ս
˲źáҶСЦЦ˵
ĽѩҶСһû˵ʲôȻ֪ҶСĵʧˣҶС˵ǹЩ飬ŬҪȻȵʧЩǿ߽ٺûһܹƵסǵˣ¾ͻҺҡ
İɣЩ飬ǶõġۿҶС磬Ȼ֪ҶСΪҪģǿеҶС磬лмֲˬ
̫ˡҶСǸ˵·ûеıԹһ㡣
²鿴󷨵黹Ҫ㣬ϾЩ񾳸Ϊ˵ȥ˻ᱻ֣ʱݾ߾ͲˡŷǧһЦҶС˵
ðɣҶСƵ˵
ڿжһȻȥһ򣬵ǿŮһŲ֮ս飬ֻεȥ
˵Ůһ̨ϷȻ٣ôŮһһӱ㽫ųˡ
ҶС뿪һֱȥ鿴󷨵λá
ҶСˮƽǸͷֲˣûðСʱʱ䣬ҶС
ʱŮѾҶС罫Щȵʹһ񾳵ʹѾ㹻ˡ
׼ȥƻȵ󷨣ĹҶСͬһԴûЩ񾳸Ҫ鿴Ϊѣ˵ʸߺܶࡣ
һ鶼ź֮ҶСձŮ˭æµ˭ֵһ̵ĹϵѾͱһ㴰ĵزˣ֮ĹϵҪúõľӪһ
תۼ䣬ʮʱȥˡ
һ죬һϰٹ⣬ͻȻ䲨ӿĺθΪ޴·һȻҪӺˮӿһ㡣

޴ĺˮ춯ֻһҾ޴սӺڿն𣬴һɹɺˮЩˮ£һꡣ
תۼ䣬һսգս޴ޱȣ˾ʮ¥ôС
ɫĺϽ˸ŶĿĹЩˮ߲ʹߣһֳǿĸо
һ;ѧԺǱߺзսоսͻеʱսȻͬսȫǿĺϽͿжˣЩ֮ĶںϽڲսƶս̣ǵ߶վսļװϣĶһĿȻ
⣬սĶϵͳܿƻսҪǿܶ౶ˣսϻǿĿƼЩȽϸ΢ӣʮǿ
һսǱֹĬĬĵȴţתۼ䣬ʮҾ޴սУ֮⣬СսҲЩս档
ԶĻͷ·һеĵ죬ֳֽʸУûĺܶ˶ˡ
սҶС绹ǵһοһкɵø̾Ƽչ̫ˣǵһʼûнӴʱ򣬸ûνսֻʽķɻֻһǼӵԪأһݿͿܶණͨѶԼ¼ܹԶ̿ϵĶ
˷սĸֶսڲ޴սܹôˡ
ҶСһߵսǰ棬Ŀɨ˵
䡪
ҶСĴ£һսȥħ壬һսҶСĴȥľ塣
ΧЩУֻһ˺ʹءʹѾǱ壬ֻҪҶСһͷǱֱƻ󷨡
ҶСֱߣźħľ飬һӴ磬˶֪¡
ǻ£ǿҵ֧֡
ĵ飬ǿĿÿ˶ʵƵΪ˵ֵħֵսѪȾ˺ˮһ߾߸ʬƮߺյϣ޾ĹرЩӢ۵Ĺ鴦
û˻Ƕӣû˻Щʿ
֪ҶСħʱһƬȻ
֧֣Ե֧֣Ҷȥ½ɱУκʵ
嶼ɱǻģΪǻľͲܹɱ뵽ħأ
ⳡս綼Ѿˡ
ЩӢ۵ѪҺܹѪծҪѪ
ǣȻܹսÿȴǵźҹ׳ǵĸԴ
һ̣ľǰδеۣںħ壬Ǻ⣬ҪȻǷսʤͲôˣúܶʧȥˡ
һսǻķս
ӮһҪӮһҪӮƯÿ˶ҶСγս˵


2018 ͳһս1
ħ½ħֻħ½ϷߣʮսһſһֹϵЩսϷһովѵĺޡ
ĺħվʮս棬ÿһħ϶ʣһֱϢ֪һҪսһʧˣʧȥС
һڹԶٶ£һα񾳸֣ϢԲò˶ñԽ񾳡
鿴ʲôħһ񾳸ѯʵ
ˣǱɳ˹ŹֵĶЩǵսҪ󣬿صӡα񾳸ָϽ˵ͬʱкڹⷢؼγһͼһͼһڶ׼ʱĳ
ħĸֿЩսʱɫһ䣬ܹܵսŨŨвֻú۳ɵͼ
㻹鿴ʲôħ񾳣ݵ𾪺󣬼ʵ֪ΪħȨƵˣô𾪣ҲܹţҪȻȻӰ쵽ս
໪Ǳ߷ֱ·һ·ǰǺħ壬һ·ǰľ塣α񾳸ٴ˵
鿴ǵĶħ񾳸˵
ǡα񾳸ֻΪһڹʧˡ
֪ͨ壬Ƕǰ֧ԮҪȻ½ƾǵʵͶԸ໪ġħ񾳸˵
һ񾳸ɲǼʧ
͹񣬻Ӣ˵ͬʱӵҶСѾϢҸһݼƻƻдĺĲãһɳǿƻǵ󷨣˵һܺõĻᣬӵдԴͳ
һڣһǶϸĿ˻ķļƻ
ǵļƻôŹʵ֪ϿǸͰ׵ڼͷʵϣƶˣһǸѡ
һıǳڵ˭᲻ž޴档񻺻˵¶һĨп֮ɫ
ȥ򣬻ǲ򣿡ʵ
ܹǾ޴棿һ䡣
Ĭȷʵûֵܹס޴ջҶСѾ㹻׼͵ѡˣĻԺ붼ڡ
οβ֣˭֪᲻᲻⣬ȻԸǡٴ˵
ðɣһȫ׼ֻҪһƳǱ㹥â˵ͷ
ҲһӵҶСļƻǾһ󣬶óռԴ
塢塢ѪӰյľͺħ屻ͬʱʧǽԼһΪһǵĴӪһֽ뵽ľ壬һֽ뵽˺ħ塣
һʱ䣬ħľڲʵǡ
ƺգҶСǰУսȻУ֮µѹķûжã㿴˺ħ½
ȻħЩҲҶС磬ǿֻʮ޴ޱȵĽ񣬻жʮСʱж¶һĨɻƺ룬ѵֻôһ
ӻǾ޴ĶϣҸܵв֪ͨȥСĵ㡣ħ񾳸˵˫ĿйâŷϸĿǱսҪļһ
֪ǻνĸ߿Ƽӵޱ˵ͽܲ˻ĵĿƼϢЩ֪ʶһĪչ
䡪
ȻҶСŻĵĸ߿ƼսûеǿҵĳȻ˹ˮϣʮɵ˻˵
ħ½һٹľλսǰҶСͣ
ҶСͣ˲䣬ʮսҲͣ
ʱÿһսײһȱڣһâ٣âУһɺɫ׵ĸֳ֣ЩУʵ͵Ķʥء
ӵʱ䣬սڵĻĸȫ߳һվɺɫɢһ֮仹˵Ϣһ
ЩУһα۷֣񾳸֣ɫףݣÿ˶𾪡
˷ҶСǰһս˲Ǻֻܶ࣬жʮˣЩ˶ʥؾصĸ֣ÿ϶ɢ˿µϢ
εսٶսȻҪ̵Ķ࣬սʱʥؾ޼϶Ǹոսʥĸ֣Ȼڶʥ˾أ֪Ѿء
ħ񾳸ֿǻȻһƺɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻܹҶСЩֵľѾ۵۷壬ÿһֺҡ̬
ǺħˣһдһֻţһĨãƺһ̡
ûпʼսЩϸ΢ķ棬ࡣ


2019 ͳһս2
ս
ͻȻ䣬ҶСȳһ֣һƬйַ֮·Ǿ֮ϴ
ս
ս
ս
ͬأ·ܹ˵꣬˵
ҶСЩ磬սȻħ񾳸ɫúѿһɱ
ɱɱɱ
ħֶϺһӵ߳ħЩУǵҲ˺ܶ࣬˵ƶ۵ߵ㡣
ҶСһ˵
ʱ䣬Щսһźڶڿڶ׼Щս䣬һâЩâۺ΢Сײʱ
ÿһâգɲǼ㹥սϡ
зսǿƥԷսҲǳصģһ˹
ƬռУϱų߿ƼսеʱսԿƺ˭Ҳκβ˭
Ȼ϶ַϵͳùӽҹԷ
һĻҶС΢΢üͷָ߾٣ȻǰӶ
ɱ
һҶСһα񾳸ɫףֳ˺ħˣһ֧֧飬һɫһֿµɱ֮ɱƺܹÿ˵ġ
ʮ˳ʣ˵ʮȻվЩԸЩ֧Ԯ˵ġ
һĻħ񾳸ɫһ䣬ΪҶСսսڶ֣û뵽ҶС羹ȻͬʱС
ħ׼۳˺ɫǽڣ赲˵Ľϧʮ֧ӣСӣһѰѼ⵶˺ħĶС
ɱЩ塣
ɱ
һα񾳸ֵĴ£ɱ뵽˺ħУʱ䣬ɫĹâƿɫ
ۡ
һħֵ£ںɫѪҺɽ
һЩ֣߿Ƽףһ֮ǰδеĬ˸оһ塣һжϵͳͳ֮ºƽյѵɵġ
ҶСվУĿһĻ˿ûҪֵӣһӰƮվҶС̡࣬
ɫȹɣһ٣һ˫ĿҶС磬ҪҪʼ
ڲȵЩ֧Ԯ˺󡣡ҶСƽ˵·ʲôһ㣬ЦЦ˵ΪѾα۷壬뿴ʲôЧ
һĿһҲһ˿ڴ֮ɫ΢΢ԥһ˵ҪҲ֮ʹһ࣬һĻЧȻ󡣡
Ч󣬶Ǹ˵ΪͬһΣܸߣڻϡҶСҡҡͷ˵
Ǿ֮ʹߵɣĿ϶ҵ¶һĨȻƺԼΪ̫ˡ
ҲߵЩʹܹľ磬˺ֻܶ࣬һУǴۡҶС΢΢һ̾˵ȻĿͶ̣֪ÿʹĵһΪӣ֮ʹֱ߲ͬ壬ĸꡣ
⻰̲ŵ˵ͷͬ⡣
ʥءα񾳵սֲޱȣһˮʮ֮ߣһ
տʼʱһ˱˿ֲޱȵһӾȻܶħֲģһҲˣ˵һռдơ
ϾһЩ־սѵ֪еϡ
䡪
ͻȻ䣬һսϵĹĻͻƣ߿ƼսâӵһӺսϡ
޴ޱȣɢŹϢսһӱ㱻ݻˣը˿

һҽսЩֿзĿ͸ǵǻնǵꡣ
һսıѣŷܣΧսоһζĹҲƫ룬ĻǺƺҪһ㡣
սı飬úħʧ޴һǧˣս幥ҲһӼ˺ܶࡣ
һĻħ񾳸֣ɫޱȣȭͷԿԽգĶڵѪսķǴѪû뵽Ȼһ
֪ͨȥսסһսҾͲšħ񾳸˵
ǣˡһα񾳸ֽӵ˵ϽŸս֪ͨ
һսըʧ޴󣬺ħ˵սҲ½˺ܶ࣬ÿж壬һսܹʤ
Ϊս⽵ͣħʧӾ޴Ϊ˴̼ǣħ񾳸ֲòսסһңȻݺݺըȻʿ


2020 ͳһս3
ħ½ϱߣµڶʷǰĴ籩Ǳ߿ռ䣬ʱΪһƬ磬ʱָ
ħֺһߵĸֶսɱҽڶһâһ߾ʬ嵹£Ѫڷɽ𵴡
ЩּսսսսΪңһսŤתͷϣЩŷĹâͬʱǿһߵսҲͬĶȺħսǿˡ
ؼһ㣬ŵսܻԱǺܶ࣬ս˵ѵȻ˺ܶࡣ
ħһ񾳸ֽĶսսĶԺ䣬УսԵıȻ
ȻڸЩ֧ԮĶܹǰӵĻܹһЩѹ
¡һ죬â貣һսˣЩĿֲսĲкܱ䣬գսĺħҽϷֱܶӶޡ
ǿһΧսʧȥ˶ΣǱӡ
쵰ħ񾳸ȭͷտ죬ȥ෽սݺݺһȭȻûǸʵ²ȭȥԼͻΪһѻҳ
ս治һ˴˲սһ߿ƼսЩսҲսͬʱһս
սĻúħҪ𣬺ܶɫѿ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʱǲżֱ˶ٶ۵⻹ֻǻķ棬䣬Ƕоĵûȫչֳ
ͻȻ䣬ڹ۲սֵҶСĿһͶ˺ħ½·Ѿա
ˡҶСԵЩĿҶС磬Ȼ˳ҶСĿ⿴ȥ
䡪
䡪
䡪
ʱѪɫɫɫâϯأӺħڲ˳
ֲֿƣƺħս⣬һ˭֪塢塢ѪӰԮˡ
ڲ˼ˡҶС絭һЦ˵۵֮ɫ
ǵԮˣɱ
նɱЩࡣ
࣬նɱҶС磬ռġ
ħֺսڣɫâƣӵħ
ɱɱ
ħһ֣߳һߺǵĿںţǵĿںűǣ࣬նɱҶС磬ռġ
ȥɣࡣһħǿһֻֻΪһ⵶ݺݵĴ̽һʥظڡ
ҲȥɣȻҶڶԷ̽ɲǼ䣬·оܵ˾һ㣬лҰȥĹâȻ䱬˳Ȼĳ
ħֵԴһ㱬ѡ
Ƶ鷢ڶദط
֧ԮħʿһǿĸһҶСĿںţһŭˣҲ˾˵
УҶСǳݵĶܣǲκ衣
һʱ䣬չӲ
ҶСĿʼչעźħ½ҪѪӰ塢塢嵽ʲôơ
𡪡
һ޴ĺԶ·Զ޵ĺ
ˡ
ɽҡضħ½ҶСܹԶĹɭ֣һƬƬµȥȫˣһֲޱȵϢЩϢֲޱȣͷź˵
һ̼䣬Ȼ˶ֲֿܵޱȵϢǶɱˣս˷񣬸Ͳ飬·ǻһ㣬նɱǰĵˡ
ڣúħ½𶯡ͷųֲϢĶˣһֻֻӴޱȣжʮɸߵޣЩ˫Ŀͨ죬ɢĹâһƬƬɫۼ׼ΪʵȸҪӲ
ҶСĿһɨһЩʮֻÿһֻޱȣܹĸоЩѾûϢ˵ģǲ֪ʲôǿȥǻһ㣬ҾǿޱȵսҶС綼ûаܹԿǡ
ǲʵǿ󣬹ؼǷǿ
Щһǿ߳˹ǿޱȵ·ɫһ˹
Щ֧Ԯ
䡪
ʱһѪӾʣѪӰѪУкöǿޱȵϢ
ҶС˫Ŀɨһӱ㿴ѪӣЩɢſֲϢĶһ߾߸ߴޱȵãЩ׸ߣÿһöɢǿޱȵЩöʱµĹȴѪӰƿˡ
ѪӰĵ𣿲֪ĵʲôҶСž˵
˿ǻΪһ׹ӱϻûпʲôơ


2021 ͳһս4
䡪
Ϊ֧ԮѹһһսֺҺħսֱܱ䡣
ħ񾳸ֵɫѿ˼㣬Щսǳ죬һұһңҪڶʱڳɹͲܡ
ҶС磬һݻһ򡣡񾳸ҧ˵
ֳһս׼Щ֧ԮޣѪеáҶСϴ
кսڲͨѶĹߡ
ʮҴսʮСսֳһ׼Ѿ˹ޣѪӡ
ɱ
ɱ
Ӵ޵ĳ¹˹ѪһӰҲ뵽ս廯Ϊһâٶ£һˡ
һʱ䣬һУһ˺ܶࡣ
ȫҶСʣʮƽ˵
ҶСո´һӣһЩͻſֲϢɱ˹ȥ
ۡ
һ·ȥħһնɱһصʬ壬һ·˹ѪӰ塢Ҳնɱ
䡪
ͻȻ䣬׼Щֲ޵ս׷ױŷ˿ֲĹâЩâٶȼ죬һӶ˿ռ䣬ֻһը˿һ˹ȥִ
ֻһըѵ޲û˶£Ǽս޶һս˹
ͻȻ䣬ѪУܳʮãÿһõʵǿϢľҲһһս
ʱʻսЩ˼ʱˣսһ߶һ߹Ǹھսһ㣬
䡪
ǿֲϢӿ˲䣬ʮ߾޴ο֣ܳЩܼӲޱȣԴԿ
ٶһһĸϳһ룬˳ǿޱȵһӺһֻ޴οϣֻ޴οܲǺʮɵľ룬һ鶼ûС
οܼӲޱȵĸ첲˦ɢһֱ֮һߵĸͬʱɳһѪ
һĻܶжһɺ⡣
ܣȻôǿ󣬲ĵơҶС˵оЩοеĿƻõӰνЩˡ
ЩҲӦǻеʱĶɣһĿŹ˵
̭Ķʼնᱻ̭Ѿ˿ƼʱЩԲսĶ֡ҶСʮ˵
Уޡοܡ޴ûսһսһ
ϱ䣬ϯԲϰռ䣬ǧ⣬ܹⳡսĺҡ
ħսľǱߵսҲˣսĳ̶ȸӲңľƱȽ⣬ʮöӡ
Щӳк󣬷Χһӵʱ㳤˲УУֱӳȡûжñ޴ޱȣա
ЩĹ٣糤һ㹥ееսƶȥ
սѾ׵ĵ˸֣߳սޱȵĲңÿһӶкܶǻߵĸ֣塣
ħľϣɱ
һĶ鶼Ǿڲϵͳڵģսӣǿޱȡ
ϣȻħ壬֧Ԯ壬ʵϣȴһߡ
ս˰СʱʱսȻңѾ׵ɱһսʧһңħսңֻ׵ĻΪޣĿܣֱӱˣѪӰãʧߡ
Щĸɫѿޱȣдżɵ֮ɫĶŸ߿Ƽս
ս٣װбԺǿĹϡսҪʱ˱ըǴս浯սըޱȿֱֲӶΧսáޡ˺ܴĴˣޱĺԭ
ڿʼ࣬һӽ֮̾裬žԻǴһġҶСЦһ˵
¶һĨɻ֮ɫȻҶСÿһʲôЧڻܹȫжϳ
ƽʱʱϰɣϰͨĿϰɣһ࣬ǿֲޱȵ
ҶСĻ̵˵ͷγһѵӣǰγһӡ
ϣ˫ſȫϣ̵Ϣһӷ˱仯絯񣬸߲ʣһɵʡ
𣬺Ƚӽ֮̾Ŀͷûֳصգʹ˸оãٶҲܿ죬˸оͲɱ֮


2022 ͳһս5
ʱӽ̶֮̾ое죬ƺǵһ㡣
Ҫԥӽ֮̾裬һ֪ˡҶСһӴԥ
΢˫Ŀ׵ĳУΪѾα۷壬еܹӳǿˣڵ٣ָĵ࣬࣬ҵĻءĿƶϸҪ
ƻ󷨣Ҫ֣Ȼ֪ͨЩȵĸ֡ҶСֱӿԽռ塢塢ѪӰʹߴ
ҶСЩڸ½ʹ߷׷׳֣ǲûлٵ󷨣ֱӽ󷨴۸ˣǣҶС紫ڸǵķ
һӵʱ£ɺǷ׷ȥ
һӵʱӢˣȷ׷׽ӵѾı֪ͨ
֪ܵͨǶЩԥ֪ò£ϾⲻԼ˸ɵġ
˼ӺǻǾǵ뷨ܼ򵥣ıҶСˣˣҲ˳ο¹شҶС粻ƭˣӶҶСûаô
̺ʥһ̵ĿƼҲΪĸ߿ƼɴΪԲΣٶȼΪƿء
ӢˣնѪӰ壬ϰЩ壬˵ҶСļƻ£ʵĹȶһƴսС
۳ɰܣһսעʷᣬڹ˵
ȥʱػڸ½ĸֶһ׷׳ֺĵƷ׷׳֣ǲûȥ֪ͨЩȥ֧Ԯˡ
֪һӣȥ֪ͨҪȻħľ嶨ȻᱻǸʱ򣬾ֵЩˡ
塢ѪӰո׼ⷽĸֱ㵽ˣսֲĹâǵأ糱ˮһӿ
һ̼䣬綼һξ޴սս˶ܵ˺֮еڷڣƺʱᱻһ㣬عһ̼䣬Ҳ΢΢ЩңԵÿ֮
½ͬʱսһӵǿļϵͳ˵ֻҪҪ֪ģʱع۲ط
һŮĿսĳȻзһЩƻֱӴȥıսԡ
ҶСĴΪѹΪؼʱ֣һʱһնɱԷҪԱ
ħ½ϱߣսޱȣʬѻѪҺȾ˺档
ӽ֮̾裬һУ˷ɿֵ𣬽Щı䣬ǶɲͨΪ㹻ǿ˶о
ȻȻܹ˿ֺͷɣȴͬʳƷһ㣬ֱ
ؼ䣬һεϢƮϢƬؼԹ֮
䡪
ؼӿһ£ɲǼ䣬Ƭе֮ࡣ
˶ܵһ󣬲ǶսУ˼⵽ô¡
ħ塢塢壬񾳸ֶ侲ĿһĻͬʱüĿͶ̣¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ˼ǲǺйϵ
ͻȻ䣬һѪЩߵɢгֵϢΪһ壬䣬һģģӰӳ֣ЩӰӿзһֹŹֵڣЩں̵һģһظһ㣬һ֮С

һҽһħ֮˫֣Լ˫ֲԼ֮УϵĿֱ飬˲˾ֻš
ⲻһʼһħˡˣѪӰ˶ǵܲԾһԼҲһ²ķӦ
ҿһз赲ҪȻԼҲһӡ
ӽ֮̾裬ҲΪ֮裬ڿɣֻһ˲䣬ܹع鱾ҡ
̬ǿ󣬲ԼˣǵˣܵشΪҶСƳһרŵֵЩӰӵ󷨣ǲ̵ӽ֮̾ġ
ЩӰӣǲһ㣬룬־ᶨ˻һЩˣ˸ͿƲסԼ
˸֣߳ոȥЩâԼߵ˹Լˣǵˡ
ʮˡҶСһԵ˵ĽϢתһһŮͨƣϢսʮˡ
ϢĴûгӡ
һЩһɳվҶС
һ̼䣬ĸĴȻߣһӴ·磬ս濴ޱȡ


2023 ͳһս6
սеĹ죬˶ĿɿڴԼЩ˼飬Ҳӽ֮̾边Ȼĺ

һҽһ࣬иĹӰӳ֡
ܶ¶˿ֻ֮ɫսȫʧ׷׿ʼܣ·ʱѾǺһսʱˣܵʱ̡
񾳸ֽһжһɫޱȡ
ǸŮˣһҪնɱҪȻǻˡħ񾳸׹˵
ȥʼǸ󻼣ҶСߣǸûл֡񾳸ε˵
һȥԡ񾳸˵˫Ŀа׹һʱУһսսһοܸ£ƺҪ̺顣
οܶһ̣ҶСһӱͼϽĴ
ݡ
ܼĹ֯һһֻܺ˹
ء
޴οһӱˣһ΢ɢ
ҶСž⣬һɢһӵһοͷοͷһޱȵս󷨣ģһ˿ӡһ˿Ŀƣοܹܲɹ
ԭˣ˵Щڲû˲ôܹңָܹĹ㶯ȻͱˣעΪͽ¡ҶСЦһüŷһûοڲ
ʱ䣬񾳸֣񾳸ɫͬʱһףѿޱȡ
ãοܱˣû뵽ôͷܡ񾳸ɫѿ˵
ɫ׷һ䣬Ͻָİš
ʱҶСһӽЩοȫƣЩοܹǿƥޣѪӰãͬʱĴ˵¡
ôһɲǣеս䣬һߣ׵ѹЩսޣá
䡪
սըֻһӱοܺһϡãսִתʲô⣬²һСʱʱ䣬սֱǸʱĸȫ
ҶСǾһ꣬һӱ㽫µϢ˹ȥ˲䣬ľǱߵսҲһ浹
ڴͬʱһҲյϢȻ´ݵǱߡ
һССķһ˵͹ȡ
Դ·磬ô죿ٵȥǾҪȫˡħ񾳸һ֮ɫ˵
Ҳû뵽Ȼ˿οܷ񾳸¶һĨڣ֪οܣսֿ¶ںöˡ
񾳸ֵĻ񾳸ɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬¶һĨǡ
ҶСҲߣǿһ߿Щսһ߹۲ս֣񾳸ֵһӱ㱻ҶС緢ˡ
ͷһѵЩ޲ҵһ˿ʶҲǱ˿Ƶģ뵽ҶСϸĹ۲ֵ춯
Ƭ̺ҶСڷ״־񾳸ֲԶʮα񾳵ĻУйâ쳣ƺ
ʱҶС˹

ֲҽһȻըѣҷҲɢ
һĻ񾳸ּá
Уսޣʧȥ˿һ㣬ȫͽסˣ¶һĨã֮ɫӴ̶
ǺܽЩսã֮ײһ
ֻᣬһսڲٿصԱȻŹ
䡪
һֻֻըѣȫ
һĻ񾳸һУոջֻ΢·磬û뵽˲Ĺһӱ㴦·硣
ô죿սõ赲סĵսľҲֹۡħ񾳸֣һǳ֮ɫ˵
ûѡֻһƴˣýеǿ˵˾ġ
ѪӰ塢񾳸һǶ˾ģɳα񾳵Ļȥ˺ħģ׼󷨷ش½Ǳߵ׼ƴһѡ
ʱ塢塢ѪӰܲǶų˸ͨǰħ塢ľ壬䷵أϧ󷨾˴۸ģ֪Щɹȥ˻ᱻ͵ʲôط
Щ˶֪󷨱۸һ£˶ȫʧȥս⡣
ʱӽ֮̾ڵˣɫ԰ޱȣ˺ܶ࣬ӽ֮̾Ѿܹӳˣŵ񾳺󣬻ϾܹȫӳӦе


2024 ͳһս7
ֲսȻڼʧȥƵǿޣοܵķƣúħսѪӰĳǿö˵״̬ǱѹƵĴ
սһУЩӰȫɢʧȥĳ֧һ㡣
α񾳸ߺ⣬ÿһʥֶڴڵĴսڣ˺ܶ࣬ܵղЩӰӵӰ죬η壬ս
˵һһĸҪúܶ࣬ܵӰȽСο;ҶС绹ʮ֣Щĸ֡
ɱ
ҶСĿһɨ˵
վʮٴλΪһĶУɲǼ䣬һ漫Ϊ̡
еսѾҪˣħսʣңѪӰãҲʣֻ
οܺսİΧ£ĿռԽԽС²ӵʱ䣬еսͻ
սһĻĻЩ¶һĨΣһĨڣ֪εսʧˣ֧ԮĶˣҲı䲻սĽһһึһ۶ѡ
ݡ
ʱһɫâӶ񾳸ǰ
ˣ󷨡󷨳⣬Ӻħ½ĵд͹ȥͲǴ½Ƕߵĺ򡣡α񾳸ֽ˵
仰Ҳ񾳸ɫ·һ򸶳۵ʸҲûˡ
ѪӰ񾳸ֺ񾳸ɫҲһ䣬Ȼ󷨳⣬ͨǴ½Ҳ⡣
ҶС磬ʲôĶҶС˵ƺѾȷҶС
ҲûʲôǸĶǴ½ڲ󷨶ѣǲܹͻȥҲ½֧ԮҲŷ֣۸Ƕһ٣½Ҫ˰ɣҶСƳһ𣬵˵
ʲô񾳸ͬʱ
ôȣҪ֪಻ǻȣĹȡ
⻰񾳸Ѿ׵˹ʱҲڹ½Ǹδ뵽ȵĸֻǵʧ
ʧ󡭡׵ʧˡ֪Ǳ㲻ᶯˣͶˡħ񾳸ֲЦһ˵˵įб
෢չѸ٣Ǻܶ࣬ǸͲǶ֣ΪҶСȵ˶ìܣϾûһȵ˿׳󣬿ϧǲˣҶСǿʵջǳ֡
ͶҲԣҲҪ׵ǣҪ֪ҲԹŭ飬ֻҪǶͶңҶȻԸǣȻǵĴ½ôףҪնɱʧĸ֣ҪԸҲǡҶСƽ˵
䡪
УսȫըǿҲը٣߲յս׽
ħ񾳸֣ͷ׹µĲкһħ֣һ¶һĨ񾳸˵ǶˣٶǰǸոսʱȫѾǹϷˣܹ䵽յĵز
ûǶͶɣҲǳ֣һ㣬ҪǽʧЩȫնɱҶСĿ˵
塢塢ѪӰ񾳸һӵĿҶС磬ƺԥʲô
ħ񾳸ֽĿͶҶС磬ǺħͶǵסְɣ
񼸺ǵɱϾɥʧ˶־սĽÿ˶Ŀˣûϣʤ
ҲͶ塢塢ѪӰ񾳸ȻвʣֻͶĵƶˣȻʧܣͿʤϣֻܹͶҪȻҶСὫ˶նɱ
֣ͣ˻ҶСĿһɨһ˵쳹Ƭռ䡣
ҶС绰ºһһĸһ֮ɫ˻ȫվҶС
Щ˻˲䣬ɱ˼֡
һӺսˣָվһߣһһ磬죬·˪˵ӣʿԣ־ȫޡ
ҶС磬ǺħͶˣҲͶҵĹúħܴѡͻȻ䣬ħ˫Ŀбų⣬ҶС˵
ϣΪһڹ⣬ҶС˹Ҳսȥ
Ȼҳȫ㡣ҶС絭˵һơ
䡪
ֲƱħ񾳸ըѣѪҺɽɢ
ˣˡħЩα񾳡񾳸ʹĺе˭˵Į飬ֻΪûе˵ʱ


2025 ͳһս8
ͳǵ񾳸кħֶЩʹдų޵ĿⶢҶС磬ƺҪҶС綯һ㣬վûж֡
ȻղŴѾ˵˶ͶǱͶһħ񾳸ֿҶС˵
Ҳ֪ͶĻҶСͻὫЩȫնɱⲻǲ̵̲⣬Ϊ˲º󻼣ǵĻҲľ
ҽǵͶͷϵЭҲģ˭֪ǹϰ꣬ǧ᲻ᷴ˵ȴʧЩֽٵʱ򣬻᲻ӱͱһЩ˭Ҳұ֤ұ뽫ȫСҶСĿɨ˵
ҶСĻǵɫЩÿûԸˣڵֱƲѡ
׼ʲô񾳸Ŀ⸴ӵĿҶС˵
˶ĿͶҶС硣
Ҳ׼ʩչһ¿ǵֶζѣҪֵǵ񶼷ɣҪȻҿɲұ֤᲻ֱĨɱǵꡣ
һ֣ǵɫѿ϶ֽţǶȻᱻεĿסʱǻеѡ
Щ໥һۣȻεĵ˵ͷ
ҶСһһεȫǵüĽ룬ȻüɢǵУȻǵѾȫܵںһ𣬵ȻҶСһѰҵˣɢУǶҲʲôԾĵط

ҶСһ˵ˣѾˣǲǻڻҵ׿ûУһǶһ¡
˵ţҶСһͷе񾳸֣񾳸֣α񾳸ֵȫʹ֣
ʮӵʱҶСֹͣ˿ǣǴڴڵĴȫʪ͸ˣʱᵽʲôʹ·˺ҧǵꡣ
ᵽϣǲҪκͷҪȻʲô֪ġҶС˫Ŀһɨ˵
Ҷǲǿˣ񾳸ޱ˵
һ߸ϵˣͻȻ䱻˿ƣЩ죬ľͻϰߡ
ԣʱ뿪ǵĴ½ڱȵĸϹѾ·磬Ҫ˱Ҫһۣһ˸Ϣ˱ڸĴۣԼ̡ҶСƽ˵Ȼָα񾳸֣Щȴ
ѪӰ塢塢񾳸Ǹ֮ɫĿҶСһۣȻŸַ׷ȥ
Ҳ߰ɣҶС翴һۺħʣ񾳸˵
ħ񾳸΢΢һ̾ȻʣЩħַ˺ħ
ƬУֻʣһصʬ壬ȾѪɳ̲޾Ѫɫˮ
ͳһʧҶС絭˵һȻһ
ʱߵ˫ĿѾָһЩȻվǸ٣۳ɵӻеȫɢؼ䡣
оôҶСЦһʵ
ӽ֮̾棬ںӵ޷ظУò˶ұͻơͬʱ¶һĨм֮ɫ
ҾȹϲˡҶСЦ
ûͻأڵʲôʱͻƣ˭Ҳ˵̰ҶСһۡ
ʱ˹ҶС˵սʧңСսʧңǴĸʧ˽α񾳸ʧ˶ʮ
ҶСüͷսȷʵңȻʧôˡ
ʧһȻǵ⳥ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
֪սҪǣôֶһѵģﻹЩܣΪһȨƿߣܺõĿסԼ
ϵ˵ͷ
սӢʬȫߣСͽˣȥľǱ߿ҶС翴˵
áֻ˵һ֡
ҲȻȥɣҶС罫ĿͶ̣ȻһӱʧˣľǱ߷ȥ
ʱľ½ǱߵսûнϾѾ׵·磬οѾҶС߿ˣѾȫսˣֻľľ޴ľѪӰÿ֧š
ֵɫ̫ÿѾ˳εĴսҪʧˡ
һߵĸ֣ڳƣԸȵռϷ硣
ʱֲߵĺħǱߵǻ֪ԼϳڱȵĸֹҲ֪ħǱߵսѾˡ


2026 ս1
ݡ
һɫâȻ弸񾳸ǰʱһ񾳸֡
ħǱߵսôһʵЩڴ
սˡ񾳸ֿɬһЦ˵ս߿ȥ֧Ԯû뵽еޱ飬Ƕ˿ˡ
ˣǱߵսӮˣ¶һĨϲɫӦӮˣܾЩܣԸĽϾ񾳸ָ˹
񾳸üͷƺЩԾû˵ʲôǾصȴ񾳸ֵĻش
ˡˣǶˡ񾳸ֲЦһ˵į
ʲô񾳸ͬʱ󾪣ȻѾϵȻһ˿ϣϢ𾪣һƬհס
׷ʲô飿Ȼָľ񾳸ֶ񾳸ʵ
ҶС緢οܵܣҲ޵ܣһ·磬Ĵ½ڱȵĸֹϢ˶սսȥǶҪҶСͶ񾳸ֿɬһЦ˵
ʲôǵĴ½ڱȵĸֹѪӰ塢塢񾳸ִ󾪣һɫѿޱȡ
ʱΪ֧Ԯħľ壬񾳸ֶˣǵѸû񾳸򣬼ȻѾиڹǵĴ½ܲ
ǶͶˣľ񾳸ɫϱʵ
ͶˣҿסˣͶսȥʱһƴƬռ
ֻҶС绺н٣ķΪһ⣬ûڡ
˵ǸղŲŵĻڼҶСòˣǱߵսѾˣѾͶҶС硣
ͶĻӦҪԸʧ磬ǣһҪƿصˣϣܹѡҶС翴ǣ˵
ҶСĻ񾳸ɫϱãƺԥ
ħǱѾˣ
ѾͶҶС磬սʲô塣
ϳڱ˹ǰľʲôô
һսЩַ׷۵սȫޣơ
һĻ񾳸һɺ⣬ҶС˵ЩΪͶΪ˴Щս壬ս

ҽˣһ˲Ĺ򣬺ֶܶնɱѪɽ
һĻľ񾳸ֿɬһЦ䣬Ͷ
ҲͶ񾳸Ҳε˵֪ͶĻҪȫˡ
ס֡ҶС
û˸Ҳһߵĸֶ֣ͣеսҲͣˡ
ľ񾳸йâϵƬ̼䣬еľ޴ľһСˣȫɢΪһööɫӣȻ
˻ҶСƽ˵
һս֣ȫս˳վҶСĸҲһȫվǸ񾳸ƣ֮ɫ
ҪЩʲôľ񾳸ֿҶС˵
ȷʵЩҪȥľ½Щʧ罵ٵĸֶնɱ˰ɣǵʵǲ⡣ҶСƽ˵
áľ񾳸˵ͬʱҲһ񾳸ȥľڲȥ񾳸Ҳ˵ͷľڲ
뿪Щ˵Щϴ
֣սȫˣҶͮ˹գ۾˵·ףӢӡ
ҶͮҶСüͷйâҶͮڣĺëɢ
㲢ɱսʱ򣬲ҪôصɱҪȻԺܲáҶСȰ˵
֪ˡҶͮգգ۾һƤ֮ɫԼĸǰŮԶǳġ
ûúľڲ˾ƣͬ˳һĿֲϢɢ˹ֶܹܶ
ҶС֪ǿʼʧЩսˡ
һҶС˫Ŀų⣬һա
ߣߵ𣿡˵ֺݺһץʮ⣬һƬգʱˣһӰ¶һӰʧ罵ٵһ񾳸֣׷ԲԣƤһ廹ûлָ
ҶСʱӰ£Ҫָٶüʮ꣬
ҶС磬㲻Ҫ̫ˡʧ񾳸ֺǷŭһ˿ľ¡


2027 ս2
ʧ񾳸һŭɫĶҶС磬ͬʱΧѰһܹܵĿܡ
𣿡ҶСЦһ̧Ȼת£Ȼʧ񾳸ͷһƬ۳ʵʣݶ£ݺݵȥ
䡪
½·˶ԶһƬɭȫΪ˷ĩһƬأҳһξ޿ӣ񾳸ǱޱȣһϢѪ
ҶС磬㲻Ҫ̫⣬ӡȫʱǸǿ߽٣ڣҲҶ˶೤ʱ䡣ʧĸֱЦһ
ߣǽٺ󣬿ҵΪѾˡҶС˵ͬʱһƹâŷ
ݡ
һɲǼ䣬ʧ񾳸üĴһѪһϢüĴӡ
ȻüıǴ˿ţҶСĻĴС
ǡ
һ΢ֱӹѣȻɳһɢ䣬һϢ׵ʧ
һ񾳸־ּͱҶСնɱʱֶһоҶС̫ǿˣǿҶСĿŮη֮ɫԽԽˡ
ľǱߵսȻڼҶС羲վĿԶƺܹ͸һж
ʮӵʱ񾳸ֹϵϢЩңȥˡ
ʧЩ񾳸ֵһƬľǿɫԲƿһɢƬա
Ҳ׷ſ֣õͷ˳֤նɱЩ֡
ܺãⲻǵһΪ˷ֹұͱһҲòǵУһ㶫ϣܹϲҪֿҪȻ¾ͻɵӡҶСĿɧ˵
ҶСĿӴ˵ĸ֣ɫһ䣬ǻǹԹԵĳ꣬ûеֿ
ǵĶҶСĵ˵ͷȻͬķԼصӡһͷܹ֪ǵ
лϣԸԺЯֹʢԻ͡ҶС絭һЦ˵ĿתҶͮͽˣǶȥɣ
˵һҶСʧˣȥĵط壬Ҳʧĸ֣οȥΪ˽ĸƿС
Ҷͮܲĵ˵ҶС뿪ıӰȻЩֽһսս˵ʬǶѼͳһʧŴ뿪
ľսħǱߵսʧһˣս̫ˡ
ô񾳸һԶȥĴ󲿶ӣ΢΢һ̾ǸӵĹâ
һù֪Ľ֣ǾͲô鷳ˣֱͶˣҲʧô֣ǶЩеľӢ񾳸˵
˵ģĶʧ磬ǲеĲأеĲشڡľһ񾳸˵
˵ЩʲôãǽͷչɣǶ֮У˶ԿĴֻ֣ǿȵԺԿʧЩ˵ʱ򣬲ܹһ񾳸˵
ϣҪʧߡ
ӦʱģֻҪϣľ񾳸˵
һ󣬸ĸִǵĶͷ뿪
ľߣȻһʧ٣ʧ࣬ʧ˶ʮ֣ȻЩлʥصĴڡ
ҶСʱǱߵսѾЭѾɣǱ߹ȸֶѾ뿪ˡ
ֱӽڲЩʧĸȫնɱҽսǿ˶סˣһЩα񾳸ֶƣҶСܹЩǱǿ󣬿Ʋ;
ҶСĿƣֻܹĬĬܣͻҲı䲻ʲôܹıˣһкη
ߵ꣬ҶСѪӰ壬ѪӰҲʧЩ֣Ҳ񾳸֣һЩα񾳡񾳵ĸ֡
ںҶСһս˺أսȻֻĳɣȫʤʱڵǶҶСĶ֣οˡ
ʧ˸ûö೤ʱ䡣
УѪӰҶСһرĸоص֣ޱ޼ʣѪƺ̺ʲôһ㣬ҶС綼ûȥ鿴浹ʲô
վޱѪԵ֪룬о޴ΣգʹѪӰѪǲ֪ӵ󣬱ûн鿴һѪһϵѹƣ𾴡


2028 
뿪ѪӰҶСֱǱ߷ȥȻûе壬ҶСȻܵ˲ҵϢŨɷѪ֪֮ߵսҡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫ĿһоǱȻֶţȻûսȴƺڳʲô
塢ѪӰ巽Ѿˣǣȴ⣬ҶСɫЩÿ
ֻҪʮʮöʥ۵ĺ˶ѣԶ˵Ͳʲô¡ȨȣһʥͰ˵ӱϿһڼͷ
ǣôΪĻǾʹشˣǱҺļթ֮ͽ
ʲôѣʮʮöĺ̫ˣҪֻֻ֪еʥܹʥˣǵıиûôࡣ񾳸ɫܲÿ˵ʱˣǰòںħǱ߱ҶСƣǱƵ⳥̷⳥һЩǲҪһЩϡĲҩɹʯʥߣθ̫ˡ
Һõһ㶼࣬ʥ֮ϵĸ֣¶ڰ֮ϰɣȡʮʮĺ˸Ͳ⡣һƽ֮ɫ˵
ʲô˼˵ʮɫΪ˵һĿкӿ
Ҵûô˵ɱ˿ǲԵģ֪ҪõĺˣԼԸУҪȻĺ˻ǻ顣
ĺ˱˵࣬ҲԴȪֻΪʥŻ۳һöɫľ״壬ǱĺˣҪõĻԼԸ⣬ҪȻ͵òΪͨ졣
⻰һҧ촽޲ǰһ٣ϧһܹùԷһ֣սмǿš
Ȼû˵⻰ڱɱ˵
Ҳʲô취ֻҪܹչʮʮĺ˾У˱ƽ˵
ˣǸƴˣ̰ᣬһҲʧܶˡ
ԣˣһսɣҵܱĻźá
սɣˡ
һֶһսŷ޲ȥٴսһ
ĶѾȫˣʵ˺ܶ࣬һսĻȫЩҲʣôˡ
졣
Ťͷ˫Ŀһɨ˵ֲƱղźеЩ˷׷ױͣԴû˸˵һ仰
ٴ˵һ䣬ûôĺˣҶСˣҲ𰸡˶Ź˵
ʱһɿޱȵƹڲ·Ƿ˽Ӽһλָо
ˡ񣬻һӱ֪˭һɫϱá
ͻȻ䣬һӰ֣վա
ô£ҶСüʵ
Ҷ⳥ʮʮĺˣʮǵõóʮĺǸûô࣬ӲҪĻɱ˶ҶС˵
ΪŻǺͽ⣬⳥һЩҪȻԸһս
ҶСˣĺˣҲ˵ֻһЩɱ˲Żĺˣֶǳ󣬶θʵ̫ˡſڱʮûôࡣ
ôһжĺˣҶСѯʵ
ֻö˵
ҶСܹ˵ѵģü˼һȻĿͶ˹񣬻˵ѾͶңԺҲǶԸʧֵĺ˾öɣȱٵֲ㿴
ȻҶô˵ˣôӲܲǾɣ˵ͷ˵
ȻҲ֪ѴҶСѾˣͬĻ˭֪ҶСڻ᲻ֱӽնɱһġ
ˣ飬ɣҶС翴˿˵
ҶСĻǱŲ顣
ҶС׼ȥģͻȻ䣬оһĿͶϣŤͷȥֻܿһ֮ɫĿЩԹЩ֡
ϾιķҶС硣
١
١
ʱʹ߳ҶСǰǹؽһƻ󷨺һʹ߸˻ȥʹ߱ŷܿİȫսʱնɱ
ˣȻȥɣҶС翴ʹ˵
ǣ١ǵ˵ͷ뿪
ҶСһߵ˷ܿǰ˵ȥҪĳаɣҪȥʧЩˡ
ܿ˵ͷһԲڲȥҶСȥ
ΧЩֿһĻ˼


2029 Բû
½Ե뿪Ŵ½ڲնеʱҶСܹоܿӵ
ôˣǲǾҲ˽壬ôˡҶС΢΢Ťͷʵ
ܿҡҡͷͬĽǶȿⲻͬվϲûдΪҪͳһ磬ҪǵĴ½ԣ룬ҵļ֡
Ϊʧ磬ԸôϣƽսնܹѪеʧĴУǽ٣ҪԸıңȻҲܻҳǣıֻܹͳһ磬ѸٵķչȻԸǡҶС͵
ʵ㲢ûбҪô࣬ûдһǶлܿ͡¶һ˿Ц˵
ܿıҶС΢΢һ㶣֪ܿôͻȻЦˣ÷ܿӦúܺǣϾԼľʧ˺ܶ֡
Ůӵ˼㲻ܿҶСһۡ
⻰ҶСûзȻߵŮӺܶ࣬ǵ˼ҶС绹Щ²͸ƺŮӵ˼άʽкһ㶼ֵ֣ͬʱܿ뷨ȷʵ²
ڻðɣҶСʵ
ţȻǺǰһѾǿ˺ܶ࣬α񾳸֣ǴûɱˣҲ̵һ棬οڴ½ڲ˵ȫܶࡣܿ˵лһŨŨĹػǽԴõ֡
ţһֱִģòҪܵӰ졣ҶС˵ͷ
Ƭ̺˱ص˷ܿڵڣڵоĵǲǺԶҶСǿһӱܵʧ񾳸һŬ޸ǵƣϧǱҶСʱ˺ԻָҪĻָҪܳܳʱ䡣
׼Ƕ֣ܿҶСвž⣬㿪ʵ
ţƬ̣һҶС˵
ܿ˵ͷĵ˵һСġ
ҶСֱӴԽռʧһӳĵС
ûڵԼƣֲֿϢÿǾֵ̧ͷҶС硣
봦ۡУͬʱ˫ĿǾ֮ɫ
ҶС磬Ҫնɱ𣿡һ񾳺ڵĸִһǷŭȻûпҶСӰǴֲֿһжϳҶС硣
ʧ罵ٵÿ˶ܹŹһˣնɱһˡҶС˵صС
ܡ
ܡ
Уʮʧ罵ٵα񾳸ϴž֮ɫ׷ܵĳзɱȥ
ҶСղǾ仰Ѿ˵ľģһҪʧ罵ٵĸȫնɱǾ½ҶСӦû˼һ£û뵽ҶСͲ˼ɣҪնɱǵľޱǿңʲô޷ҡ
ܣܵ𣿡ҶСЦһ˵öɱΡ
ء
Щα񾳸ըѣһѪ꣬ϢʧһĻЩлָƵ񾳸ɫǳѿвĹâƺĳ־
ɣҪץǳҶС綢ڵķĿĹâ
ȻңûãƺûҶСĻһ㡣
ҶСû˵ֱ̧Уݺһ壬һɿֱֲӴӵ˵¡
ߡ
һΣյϢ񾳺ڸִһһ
䡪
˶ӵ³˳ͷģͷɢңմ˳
Ǵӵ³˲䣬Ǽһը˿Ϊһgǲʱӵ³Ļ»һΪޣˡ
ҶС磬㵽ôѵôСݲбǿ֣ʧ罵ٵ񾳺ڸַŭĶҶС˵
Բǧڵ˶ˡ
ڸˣҶСնɱΪҶСҪһͳ磬ΪܸߵĻ⵽ҶСɱΪ˶ҶСǿҲ
Ҳôңɱǵԭˣʧ罵ٵЩΪΣҶնɱ磬ֻҪҵĵߣҶ֣ôΪѾӽңҪһʢʢĿǰʧ޹ءҶС糰һЦ˵
Բû֣ҶСԵƬؼ


2030 ûԵ޹ʵĺ
ҶСĻЩʧ罵ٵĸһŭ֮ɫȻҶСʵǿޱȣҲ̫۸ˣȻԲá
ҶС磬̫ʧ񾳺ڸޱȷŭ˵ͬʱϵƱ˳ֲޱȣʧϵҲ˳ͷͻΧҶС硣
ߡҶСһ˫ĿһɣǿƬء
˶ҶСÿ˶סˣֻҪ˭һ˿Ķ⵽ҶС籩һĴ
䡪
ҶСͻȻƣÿһ糱ˮһӿȣǿĳƬ𶯲ֹ
ۡ
ǱδҶСֲ֮£ͶܲһѪȻѣƴһ㣬ȫ飬Ϊһѳ
תۼ䣬񾳸־ôҶСնɱˣЩÿ˿ҶСɫ˱䣬о壬мɵ
ɢ鿴˷Բǧ룬ΧڣѾûһʧĸ֣ҶСһһ˷ܿڵۡ
ʱܿͰ̸ʲôɫܺãûаĲˡ
ˡҶС罵ٺ󣬰˵һƽĿһ˿΢΢Ĺʡ
šҶС˵ͷҶСоǧȴô˵·ʲôһӶҶСͷ
ʧ罵ٵĸֶˣܿѯʵ
ѾˣͲҵĶ֣ǲҪѶ೤ʱ䡣ҶСЦЦ˵ȻᲽߵǰ
ʱԺУһ޴ԲľľߵСϣľϰڷŸɹʣЩɹǰժġ
˵սѾ׵Ľˣǿ԰ĵˣܳһʱڶսˡ
ô˵㻹һ£ܿҶСһۡ
ǺǣҲ㲻Ǵ£һ˵ΪߣСһ˵ΪԼЩ˽ٺ󣬶ȻҪԸңΪԱҲòôҶС˵
㲻ͣĽ͸ûбҪҴûֹ㡣ܿЦ
ɻĿҶСͷܿƺ˵˵Щʲô־ˣף᲻ȥ롣
ʱһǿϢٶ£ɫ֯ɳ۵˳ԺڣȻᲽ˹
ˡ˵ܿͰϽվ˵
ĵȼƶȼΪɭϣ¼ϼϣ鶯ϣаĲ𾴡
΢΢ͷȻ˹ľһСϣдЦ⣬ҶС˵û뵽ҶȻ˵ĹϵôãҶֶرصˡ
иû֣֮жÿڵĵûнȫնɱһҶСƽ˵
㻹಻һĿŹâ˵
ⲻһһ⣬⣬УЩֲ䣬ûʲôֱΨһܹͬжܹ棬к飬ƿءҶСĿƽ˵
Ǳߵ⳥̸ˣ
ѾˣҿҶС棬ҪȻҪսˡ˸м˵
òţϾңңҲʧôˣҲˣҪ־͹ǾЩʧĸ֡
ˣˡҶС˵һ䣬һ۰ͷܿȻʧˡ
ҶС뿪˼ȻĿͶ˷ܿͰǺϤ
Ҳ㲻ϤǰܿЩ˵ԵıϾȨߣ˵ǲǼٵģû˽ĺȨ˵
Ȼܿô˵ģ˸Ͳ˲Ǽô򵥣ֻǼҶСҲѰǡ
Ժʲô飬ңֻҪܹģȥġ˿˿ˣ¶һĨ⡣
ߺ󣬷ܿ΢΢üȻչ˿ѾˣΪߵȨ֮ԻɫĶԴΪҶСĹϵ
㣬Ǵ𣿡գŴ۾ʵ
šܿ˵ͷ¶һĨɫƺôԴЩ鷳
˿ʹ˵еĲͬܺͰ¶ֿЦݡ
ⲻΪͰΪܿ΢΢һ̾˵
¶һĨɻ֮ɫ
ˣ㲻ףҲҪ֪Ҫ֪ûԵ޹ʵĶáܿ˵
ŶƺЩףȴûоʲô


2031 е
ʧ罵ٵĸֻʣ˺ħǱߣҶС粢ûԶ֣Ȼ˵źħЩһһĴ𰸡
սУҶСѾи߲ǿȫУƹ壬ǣ൱ǿ塣
뿪ҶСֱһնȥոմﵽߺǱߵʱ򣬿ҶͮΪ׵սҪԱڲΰСЩ¶ķĹ
ǻ󣬽еߵʬ嶼棬ô֪жٸֱУǻʿķصأҲǴŹٺӢ¾ĵط
ÿһ궼дĸЩȥӢۣƽʱʱЩžʱҲһ£ʾǵ𾴡
ҶС绺ٶ£յĹذݣĿԶĹڴʯֶһ֣ЩֶǶս
һǺҶСŤͷҶͮһʧ˶ˣ
ʧʮңҾսʮСսҶͮص˵
شĽһҪúοʡҶС˵
ǡҶͮ˵
Ƭ̺ҶС뿪ˣȫҶͮϡ
ιȻͳһ磬ȴʧ˺ܶ࣬ʮְôֽδû񾳸ֳ֣һ񾳸ֵļֵжȻɹһ£¾ٶʥֶ޷赲
ͳһҶС˿һǱܹʵԼļƻ֣һͳһķʽ
صһŵĵϣûһˣǶæµս顣
սȻǿ󣬲˭Ҳ֪սΣֻͶ뵽ս󣬲֪սܣȱ㡣
ʵսҲֻսУܹҵԼŵȱ㣬ȻԸʹԼߡ
εսƼоѧԺȺӿսһЩ֮ǶڷоߣԸĽȡܹΪǿս
Ȼ֪ԺԤǿƼδսеһҪڡ
ҶСոɳϱĿһһϢһǹϢҶС¶һĨΣһϢǺľ۹Ϣ
Ϊعɵԭ۾һûлָȻѾʹˣΪһֱȴûʥصľ硣
ľ۹ҲһѧţرӱΪǼ£Ϊ񾳶Զˡ
硣ոս\ľ۹оҶСϢ¶˿ĵЦݣһӳҶСߣǵıĸ첲
ѾôˣôһӡҶС谮ľ۹ԴѾˣĸɢһصƺĿ
磬㲻ҪģֻҪܹڸߣ۾ָָûйϵ۹ԼԴҶСļϣһ֣ܿҸӡ
ѾͷȻҶԸʹҶСЦȴ¶ŨŨ簮
۹ģȻΪһֱûĶԼΧ˼Ĳȴɳ˺ܶ࣬˺ܶ࣬ҶСһҲѾͷ˳
磬Ҳǹġ۹Ļ¶һֿСµһģһҶС綼ѾͷǲǱ¸̻ˡ
粻㣬ģһΪҵһ֮õ۾ҶСᶨ˵
֮Ѿҵ֣һǾһ֮֮ˮҶСȴûҵûһ˿
֮ˮںƺգ˭Ҳ֪ʲôطҪлԵҶСѾ֮ˮ˳ȥΪĿǰһ߽񣬿ϧȻûʲô
ͨһƲ⣬ҶС֮ˮ϶ڣϾ֮϶һֵģҲ˵ֻҪһ֮ڣô֮ȻҲڣһ໥Ӧڵĵ
жϣ֮ˮӦûգʧ磬ҪȻȻᱻ֡
磬ʵҲͦõġ۹˵
Ȼ˵ģҶСȻܹоһĨǿҵĲʣϵУÿ˶ϣԼʵǿ󣬽۹Ҳ⣬ʴӱˡ
֮ô˵ȫΪ˲ҶС絣ģҶСѰֶĹΣա
ģûµģò˶øͻƵ񾳣Ǹʱ򣬿ܹвˣΣյĵطͺˡҶСЦ˵ȴǼᶨ
ľ۹ΪԭŵʧΪҲˣֻҵ֮ˮһܹ
ֲӵǿкܶع򣬶Ȼʵ


2032 
ľ۹飬һֱУÿοľ۹һĨΡҪ\ľ۹Ҳôʹ࣬Ϊ˫Ŀʧ
֮ˮ飬ҶСһֱǵãûÿһİĵطȥ鿴һϧʼ޹
ͺľ۹һ뿪ȥѰ£ֻҶСһڡ
½ѾͳһѾˣֻʣĵĸ߶ͳһЩҪʱȥı䡣
ЩΪˣҲǳ׵ĽУ˵ϲᱳѣЩȳ⡣
ЩУȻѾ֧ҶС磬ҶСǺϵˣжȻкܶ಻ĳɷ֣гһգǵʵǿˣ¶ȻٶҶСĻƴӣ߻ҶСԿ
Ҫֹͱ뽫һ壬߶ǱĬнһͳΣҶСһ
飬ҶСĬȻѾһŮɣžʦİȻܹƶһɹļƻ
ѾǴսڶˣŮѾսصȫˣԻص˸Եĸλ
һУҶСͯһ¹һ飬ͻȻ䣬ɫһһ⣬һǿϢڽӽֵǺħʣ񾳸֡
ģҳȥҶСŮǸһЦ˵ʧˡ
һ⣬ҶСӰ֣ĵȴţһʱ󣬺ħ񾳸ֱҶСǰ
ҶǺħЩʧĸֶնɱˣӦһЩ˰ɣħ񾳸ֿҶСɫƽ˵
˵󣬾ŸԴգЩʧ罵ٵĸ֡
лȻҿǣǣ˽Ըʧ⣬飬ҾԲУʧڲԴȵȣǵģҪĻͻȼ۽ҶС˵
ħ񾳸΢΢һ㶣漴˵ͷɫӵ˵ΪɣһҰĵˣڿͲǡ
ȷʵûҰģûôвԸסҵһҵŮˣáҶСдһĻ֮ɫ˶٣ĿͶ˺ħ񾳸֣Ҳ֪ʧЩֺܶ඼ʱЩˣǵʵжǿ󣬿Ӧ֪һ㣬ǽ٣»޴ķˣǸˣԾظһȣһͳһ磬˶еϣūҲϣɣ
㾿˵ʲôħ񾳸־ĿҶСʵ
ûȤһһʢҶС絭ȻһЦ˵ԷдһĨɻȻ͵ȻѾչĺܿˣȻԶԶ㣬еĶûУеĶûУϣǶŴ½Խ壬Ҳ磬ֻҪеĹ涨㲻˳ַ֣Щ߲ܹΪ
ƻͬ⣬ûоķħ񾳸˼һ˵Ȼʵ
ҶСƻҲȻͬ⡣
ڻûУҵ˼ƻһ㿴ġҶС˵
Ǻãˡħ񾳸˵һ˷·Ϊһźƣźħ½Ʈȥ
ڴٽһʢҶСһµļƻ׼һഫ󷨣ڶߺ½һϣҽеǼǣһܹܺõĹЩˡ
ڶǿ̣п̣ҸǷݿݵĿܹһܶණһߣ˽ǵٶȻ졣
Ȼ£ҶС粢ֻ壬Ҳһ׼̿赽κεطݿһеԴ֣ܹһ򣬶ԺԿʧЩмĺô
ħ񾳸뿪ҶСַصһС
߽УҶС㷢Ů񿴵ҶС磬ƺЩ֡
ôˣ۹⿴ңҼǵúûеǰɣҶСʮƵ˵
ղһսˣͮͮǲͬҶСһۡ
ˣ˾ӦõԼΣͮͮŮԣҶԱһӡҶС˵ͬʱչһӱ㿴ҶûΣպ󣬲ŷ


2033 
˵㲻ȥ𣿡ҶСһۣȻʵ
ȥȵʥ۷ĸûһĶֵʱԻҶСƽ˵
ѵҪؾޱ䣬Դḻޱȣô˶ʥ۷壬οʥ۷滹һˣӱȥʲôʱǸͷ󣬲ƲƲ˵
ܻоͷģΪҪǸԺߵĸԶͲҪżͻƣʱͻƲһõġҶС˵
ҶСľأǶû˵ǲԺӦҪкˣҪŮҶСڶ̫ϸˣֱ˵ǿ̡
ΪĽ¼ҶСҶܶ˶ŴսĽֱᣬܶ˶׷˻ģȻ壬Щݿ
ҶСͷ̫ʢˣѾĵһˣе˶֪ҶСĶ֣˷׷׽ĿתƵҶСϡ
ĸֶΪҶСͷΪҶС˵ķǶҶһ
һսĽʧֵĳһǰδеĺƽʱ
ΪҶСϵֻҪǼһݣԽ磬ҲһԽ壬ֻҪΥĸֹ涨Ͳնɱ
תۼ䣬һʱȥˣҶӭεսûһˣȻʥ۷ĸַӵ׼ԡ
Ů˾ְһľȻֻһһʱ䣬һ̿Ǳؿܶطһ̣Ҳһ񲻹Ǵ̣طĻûȫչϾⲻҪԴҪ˿ˡ
һŮҪıһˣȻٴһˣǽһ̵ճбزٵһ֡
ӵĻģЩ̾ͻῪȵĶУӸһԸͳΣݿĴڣܹһĸжٵȵ顣
һһ£ҶСȶͻȻ䣬ΧĿռ΢΢𵴣ˮһӣ𾪵ЩƮµһȴûܵӰ죬·ֲƵɢֻһ۷
Ƭ̺ЩԽԽңҶСΧĿһ㡣
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ؼһ죬ͬʲôһ㣬˶һ·һڲ
ܶĸͬһʱ˫Ŀɻ֮ɫΧƺڲ鿴ŵʲôһ¡
ˡ
һɿֲޱȵϢҶСΪɢԲʮڵĿռ䶼ڲ·Ƭռ仯Ϊ˻磬Щһȴûһ顣
ɿֲϢǳһ˲䣬Ȼȫ·ҶС˲ڡ
˫ĿһĹâҫһâضʧɫϵϢԷ˱仯øͬͨˣ⻪豹棬ƽȴ͸¶һޱϢͬǶů⣬ķ硣
ʮĳһΪǰһﵽ񾳣ּˮ仯һʡ
񾳣ʵǰǿ˺ܶ࣬ˣ˺ܶණ磬ԽЩƵˣĶҲԽʮʹߣܹ˲ʮʹڵĵط
Ȼ񾳣Ǿ߷ȴûУȻΪӽ񾳣ȴûеһ˷壬ͬ˲ͬĹ
ҶСıΪǾأӡۣع򣬸ǲͬķ
棬㹻ߣع滹ܶûͻơ
ջܴû뵽ȻܹͨЩ˵۾ΧĶҶС˷ܵĹâ
һһӱ˿УʱУĽѩϢĿɳϱĿ񣬿ƺƣӡ
ҶСߵʱûв
ֱҶСߣƺܵʲôһ㣬˫ĿĿǳһǿҶСʱĿ
ͻˣĽѩɻĿҶС磬Լһ㶼͸ҶСˣڶҶСһߡ
ţʱˡҶС˵ͷĿĽѩ
ߣȻˣһһһ˺ܶ࣬ȻǶɾӢһľӢӵܶ˺ܶ࣬ǲѡĻȻǾ޴ʧѧԱˣǵҲ˺ܶࡣĽѩҶС߿ࡣ


2034 ӱ
ҶСǸһЦһĽѩϣȻĽѩ̫ѨᰴĦƣ
ʵڣܶȫûбҪΪô֣ԴѡһЩʵ߼ǷֵһЩҶС˵
Ѿ˺ܶˣһЩ飬űȽϺãҪȻҲġĽѩպ˫ĿҶСİĦ
ҪԼôۣɳжȣҪҶС˵仰˵Ľѩû˶ϸһſĽѩ˯ˣһĻ۰
ûдĽѩţ˯˰Ľѩ
СʱĽѩŴһǷȻһĿ
˯˶೤ʱˣĽѩ۾ʵ
˯Сʱ˯ɣҶСЦЦ˵
ʲôѾСʱˣĽѩʱ˯ȫޣһˡ
˵һ仰ĽѩʧˣҶС磬Ľѩ˴æǸ⡣
Ľѩ֮˴æΪΪһ
ҲǸÿһķչˡҶС˵һ䣬Ȼʧˣط·һһ㿴һ
һķչһĸԽԽ࣬˺öİ׵α񾳸֣ϵϢ֪ͻƵġ
һչܿҶС缫Ϊĵ˵ͷβסϲɫ
սҶˣȥ
ߣȥҶ̫ϸˣսʥ۷ĴڣҲֻеǸҶ˵ѹȻǳ󡣡
ǵĻȻܲˣһҶ죬ѾһʱˣǷὫ˷
ʵҲܹףǵĺӣȻҪΣҲΪ˶
Χܶ˵ۣҶСһɢһ±䷢Ҷʱվһڲʱڵĵ죬ÿʮһεı⣬ƽʱּìܡ
Ͼһ̫ˣеĸҲ࣬ܶƽ˵ĵطнبŲĵΪ˽˽˶Թ㿪졣
죬ϵ˼࣬ǶҶһУһʥ۷սġ
̨ϣҶ쾲վޱȳȣһʦ֮ɣһǰƸӳˣ˵һǰһɽĻôڱһ޴ɽۿ籩꣬Ȼ
ȻĶҲһµ꣬һͷڷɢ͸¶Ũҵɱ֮˫ĿҰޣϱŷǿЩܹ˶ȻεѵڿٳЩĵط
ϢǴӳɽеҰޣϢһһӿΧһЩΪ΢һ˶˼Ǽɵ
ҶСվվĿˡ
ϢҲΪȣһ֪ǸߣɢϢרעͻƵĻ»Ѳ˶೤ʱ䡣
ʼɣʱҶƽ˵һƺȴ
á
ûпϵȫɢ˳һͷޣǿϢ죬ڷ趯Ȼ̤һζѣҪˣҿ첼󷨣ҪȻ¶ᱻȳѷ졣
ȻԾһץȻ䣬ɫ۳һֻޱ͵צӣץҶ죬צдޱȿֲռ䶼·Ҫץˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һУû㣬һȭõĽɫâΪ𣬽Ƴһ赲һǰ
䡪
ֲһ̽ԵĹУƾС
һн󷨣Щս˸ͲܹУֻܹݵԽա
оԷǿҶ¶һĨ֮ɫԷڣľ̶ȼϵս鶨ȻΪһС
ҶСվգ˵һνֵͽ˵սж˳
˵ĻΪʵˣҪսʤҪܳʱ䣬ҶС
սȻڼ൱˭Ҳκβ˭ҶСܹóҶʵ似Ƚ϶࣬꣬Ȼ似˵٣ɱ֮ΪŨܹ㱣ս鼫ΪḻӦҶ컹Ҫǿ
ǵս࣬ǿʱˡҶС
Ȳ࣬սҲ࣬Ҹս൱ѾʮˣȻ˭Ҳκβ˭
ڣֹʮӣ˸Եľѧ£Ƕˣɫ԰ףϢҡ
ƽˣҶСĵȻʧˣԼĶӣ⡣
Ĺأӵͳһ޵еı󣬵ҶĹȻǿ󣬲ҲأҪͳһ޵УҪŬ


2035 ¥
˵Ҷʵһǰǿ̫࣬ҶСȻͻƣɸ¥ƽֻлʵˣԺܹߵľ硣
һһԺĳɾ͸ߣҪȵĲһʱ䣬Ժνĺĵ
ȻҶСϣԺ˼ȭƽۣ˭Ҳκβ˭
񾳺ҶСһֱһй䣬һʱԹߵ̬򣬴ӵڶʩչת컻ش󷨣һˣ׵뵽һڣԼһͨˡ
죬ҶСһޱȵСϣ˿ڶ࣬Ҳܶ࣬һĽֵϺҶС˲ϵ˵ʲô¥
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ƾ۵Ļܹ׿׿ӰҪ鿴ͲУǱʲô赲סһ㣬Ϳ˶
Ȼǲõĸ̽󷨲ֹܹҶСһӶˣ̨ϣһװŮһŵ̷˵ϣֳóĸ
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ŮӵĻҶСŤͷ˿ŷֶе˼ͰʥߣһͷųʥصΪ
ҶСϵϢŮޱȹ˵Ϊ㹻ˣһ
ָͨ¥ݿڣγɵһ
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߸ָոд꣬˳ȥһһԡ
롣ŮĿһƳҶСд߸ֺޱȹ˵
ҶС˵ͷ˵㣬͵ڶһǰڷһЩΣܶŸ
ͬǵ㳪˱ȵڶƯܶ࣬ҲʮرΪҲ˺ܶ࣬ˣΪʥһصء
ҶСûֱͣŵĲȥͨĲ¥ݿҲ赲ţĲΪʥ֮ϣҪԳһ䣬Ҫֳһ
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ڶԴʾһǣ˼࣬˱Ȼݡ
룬ҶС¥ݿһųϵëʣһŰ׾ֽдһ֣Ҹѣֽ
߸پĸֺ󣬷·𿴵һ˿ĥѵŮӡ
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ҶС˵ͷһһֻëīˮУұۼٻӶ
Ȼ䣬һ䶡㻨˰ֽϣȼʱ㹴ճ˶ķϣôĹµϧ


2036 ֮˱пɺ֮
¥һصĵطǸ¥ݿڵĿ飬Ǹһصĸо̲סȥ涼ʲô
ͨĲҶС綼ͨˣֱ˵Ĳ㣬Ĳ͵ڶȻͬ
ĲüΪݻţޱȵĴ޵Ƥȥģһŵζǰƶɵġ
ϵľƱ͸ˮƳɣһ֪Ǵֱʡ
ЩΧһԲΣĵܵƽߣһֽ͵ĸомһ̨̨ޱȿ󣬿ȥƺһս̨
Ĳ¥߲ˣＫΪܵļвУһЩСż䣬ЩСżܹУеһжҲܹżˡ
λüѾˣҶСѡһܿ죬һŮԱ˾ˮɹСˣЩʳƷȶ㶼һȼ
Ҳ֪ˮʲôʱܵڴأ
ʲôڻʮӡ
ˣҲ֪ûǸҿˮӵľա
Ҳ뿴ˮκòȻϵ½Уϧܹˮò޼
ҶСһƷζžˮһЩ˵̸ۣк治ѣͬʱűһܣӸ߸ϵҶΪһͨˣǵҶСид
ҵλá
ͻȻ䣬һŷŭͲмޱȵĴ
ҶСŤͷȥֻһɫΪɫ·۵꣬ϴһĨмͷŭλһλһꡣ
ΪѾʥأŵΪֻʥ۷塣
Խ󵽵ĵ㲻𣿡¶һĨŭ֮ɫ
ʲô󵽣¥Ĳ㣬һ֪ҵλʶıɣҪȻҽ¥ȥʮְԵ˵ϻһ˿Ĳ֮ɫ
㡭ŵȻһĲʣվ뿪ΪԷͻ϶Կ
Եʲôʱλû˽˵ˡ˲˵
С㣬Ҫˣ󣬵϶ûкùӳԡСѵ
˵ĻûӳҶСĶ䣬ҶС粻üû뵽һھȻ˸ּڱǺܺá
ȻҶСѾ֪ĳģЩ˵ҲᷢȻмֲˬ

¥һ䲼õļΪŵķڣһŮڷԲϷһЩֽţЩֽһЩԵĴʾͼ
Բ¯УܰŮӰ̬ͷеնΪһ壬
ףôʾ䣬ҸѣֽΪԣŮҵֽһǧ飬ҲȻУŮ΢΢һ̾˵
ַһţ㷢һŰֽ϶㣬۾ڶһɨ뿪
ʷȻǧȴ¶һָɽӣᵱһɽСĺ飬ͼУŨһλӡŮ˵Уһâֽϣֳһ˵òòҶСòһģһ
𣿡Ůгã

ÿҵλҶС۲ΧʱͻȻ䣬һͷ
ҶС΢΢ŤͷһֻǸղʲôԽλ꣬ǲˬĿ
Щ΢΢ȣղŶ껹мǷ׵ʧˡ
ǸԽռλȴҪռ˵ֻǿ۸С˻ñռλ
ҶСֻ¶ʥسڵΪ϶ˣֻҶСΪƫƧĽϵȱһˡ
ְܹˣУЩԵޱȵ⣬˶һȻֻҶС⡣
ûλãҪֶԸ˵ĻеѶȣһΪսٻĶҪ⳥ֻܹܶ࣬˶ѡҶСһ
ҶСΪ̲ͣס㽫ղŵŭй˳ҶС뿪
ȷҪ뿪ѵҲ׼ѹˣҶСƽĿʵ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬бųâԼ뿪ҽȥ
ҶСҡҡͷҲ뿪뿪ɣ
ϣҶСһӣӴ˳ȥ֮˱пɺ֮
ԼõֶοʥأΧЩ˿һĻ¶˼ɵͬʱ룺ԭһڰϻѾʥˣȴװʥء

ʮĳ֣˵Ŀ⣬ղŹҶСǼ£˶ٹעˡ
ͻȻ䣬һʴܸߴɳһߣʴɳߴս֯һССƽ̨
ʱһɴʳ۵ŮƮƮȻϣǳˮ䣬гȹڣŮһ㡣
Ůɫʵɴ˿òбһŹ٣ͬǻе˶һ㡣
һͼҶС粻ɵ̣ϲɽ嶥ʱ̱ԵһĻһĻһĻǺơ
ˮˡ
ˮҰ㡣
ͻʸˮӣֵһЬ
Ůӳ֣˶·ǿԼеŮһ㡣


2037 ձ
Ůӵĳ˶ɴ۾һ¶˷ܵĹâһ̰
ҶСΪһ۱㿴Ůӵòò̵ò࣬ȴûϵʴ⣬ΪйأҲһ˵ľйء

һԾȻؼ˵꣬ȻֻǳǳһҶСȴֶܹԷԼȫںС
һĻҶСЩȣĵҪһͽˡ
ʱĴһӰûٳ֣۾һգգߵʴ֯ĵŮӡ
СŮˮҵһձŮӳתݺУ̺һɣ˲֪ͻС
žǳÿ˶ĶŮӣ׼

һ͸¶һɵİˣܶ˶Ի󣬳С
һ¹ͬãˮۣȣﰡ뻶֣ķڶޣŮĹ˭Ȣ
ת˵ĸûһ˵Ůӷ·ĸС
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һŮˣ֪ϧۻʹࡣ
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ҶСһƷζžˮһܹŮ൱츳ǵô򵥣Ҫ˵Ĺһ棬˵Ǹ
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˵мһ˸жĻôһ˵ǻѪжŮӵ۰ܶж֪ᣬǸжǱߣһϧ
һκ׺һסձĸ㵯ˡ
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׸󣬼˶ϣһڵѪҺڡ
ˮӣеŮ𣿲Ҫ£㣬ֻҪڣԲ۸㡣˴һᶨ˵
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ղޱȼᶨͨ죬Ҫ⣬ȴ޴ӱ⡣
ˮӣУܹеı࣬ʲô飬˵Ǵһ취ġ
ǰǰˮӣȻһ˵޵ģǴҶȴһɿµ
ˮӣԽֻҪߣұ֤ܰίҵϲ˲ӡʱԽվ˵
ѾˣÿμˮӣԳ˵ĳ嶯ϧûʲôᣬ˻ᣬȻҪúñ֡
ȻûмˮӵòǴʣܹƶϳˮӶȻһǵŮӣвƯвŵŮӣ˭ϲ
˵ЦˣСŮӸղŲǳѣʵǲͬģʵоͦõģӵˡŮƽвʧº͡
Ǿ̫ϧˣˮһ뿪ĻֻҪһһˮӰסԽʮŵ˵дһĨϧ
㲢Ϊˮ룬Ϊ˵õˮӰɣ˭֪ٵһ»һŮӣ֪жٺùﱻ̣ˡʱһ˵
Խɫһ䣬Ťͷȥ˫Ŀ΢΢һ¶һ˿ɵԭǽӰ㻹Ȼ㱳ҲȽǿ󣬵Ǳˣҵĵ̡
ѵֻ̧СӴܺҳʲô𡣡Ϊӵ˵
ˣ㻹һģҲõˮӣȻˡһһ
˵һǿ׳꣬˿һӹɭ߳ħ
׵ˣѵ㻹ΪˮӣӵƤһ̧ƽ˵
ҳҾΪˮӣԸȢˮΪţϧ仨ˮ飬ˮӿۣʲô˵ʲôôαǿ׳Цһ˵¶һ˿Ĳмһ˫۾˿εĶˮӣ¶һޱȿŵϢ


2038 
˵ҶС΢΢üǵĻУһӾжϳˣЩ˱һӵܡ
һķҪúһЩˣЩǱؿɱģȻҿˣҪܣ
һ˿ڶ࣬ѾͻƵǧ򣬿˵Ѿ뵱һˣӴʲôУڲȻҲжĻ֣ЩӵܣҶСҲܹס
ӣҪһˡ
ʲôӣ࣬ǸֻˣǼҵĸĴΪǸϺͺģ˵תͱһ׻ԼʵǿһĵϿʲôʲôû˸ҴҪ֣ڹҧһϷˡ
ǰΣҲΣҪȻ¥ǿ󣬿ǶὫˡ
ܶСۣȻǵСҶСȻˡ
λԸҸˮӽкĻڣ˭ܹĵõˮӵʱһӸߴ٣쳹
˿ȥֻһΪʥ۷װŮվߴȻϴӯӯЦ⣬ǻȴһ˿ǿơ
Ůӣж¶һ˿ļɵ֮ɫͬʱһȻĿͶ˸߿ղ߲˿ϵˮӡ
ʮӵʱһûʲôҪһ¸λĻ̺⾳ͬʱϸλ¥ش⣬лȣһлСŮһ̸ˮ˵
⻰۾˭¥ˮӽӴ˭һӵķݣû˲ᡣ
ʱ䣬˶һȵĶˮӣЩֱĭ·ԼһΪһһ㡣
ˮӣϲ㣬һΪһġ
ҲΪһġ
ܶ˶ɫֻҶСƽȵǸ䣬ĬĬؿһС
ͻȻ䣬оһĿ⣬̧ͷһȴˮӽĿͶֻһţҶСָоˣ¸ͷֲˣĿƺ˼
ʱһһ׿׳İֽƮ£ÿһǰİϡ
λ롣ˮ˵˶
ˮӣûбʣôأʱһѯʵ
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ܶ˶ӵĿһѯʵĸ֣ƺŲм·˵֪Ĳ㣬ؼֵػ
ʱһЩֶ׷׶ǹŰֽÿ˶һӡ
ǵӺҶС΢΢ҡҡͷ˶ܹԴ׵ɾϣ²֪Ϊ١
ҶС翴˿һŰֽ˫ĿһƬ⣬ֻӶһɹӿǶ˵Ȼг
ɫڰֽϻӵʱһޱȾĻԾȻһϣɽˮгǳأһｭɽͼҶСٴλӶȼʼ䣬һӰ㹴ϣһӰģò·һ߸ϣվգ˭һ󣬶һؿµĸо
ʮӺе˶ֹͣˣǵĻÿǲÿ
ˮ˫Ŀо˰ֽϵͼȫУһ죬һŻͼİֽС
ֻȡʮţҲ˵ֻʮţͦģĶۡ
ˮӣҵĻôãΪβѡҵĻʱһ˵ԼĻչһӡ

ûеˮ˵ЦƺڳЦ껭Ļ̫ÿˡ
ЦʲôЦ·ӥշͼʲô⣿ϴһ˿ŭɫ˵
̫ЦˣЦˣʲôӥշͼҿһСͼࡣ
Сͼ
ȻܹĻǳʶˡ
ܶ˶
ɫǺޱȣĸϽ߳¥ûˡ
һͼȻӥͼǣӥһƶûУģСأûаӥְǣƳ
˵ȺӣҲûѯʣȻʧˣǶû뿪뿴˭ܹһˮӵ
ˮӶеʮͼһһ۹ǳҲϬЩû˾ʲôףǻЩ˶ˮӵĵҲ⡣
Ҳ֪⣬䣬ˮӽҶСһ


2039 в
ˮӽҶС˵ͼһƾ輫Ϊпϵۣû˶۲ŷ
ӣȻΪǲףõˮӺܸߵۣˮӵۣ˲мֵ⡣
˶ţˮѡеǧҪǣҪȻǱ̣ˡ
һˮӿҶСһۣһҶСһｭɽͼһգ˶һ
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ǸͲһͨĻеɽȫԵ۶ɣЩľȫľԵ۶ɣЩˮԵ۳ɣ֮⣬滹̺һֶص⾳ɨ·˸оһ硣һʥصĸֽ͵ѧʶ
ҴûмôһǸ˰Ҳ֪˭
ǰһѾѹˡ
˵ᱻˮ롣
ǰʹһбܹԷʵǿ󣬿һԵˡ
˵ۣɫúܲÿȻ֪һκһʲôǲ֪
һѾˣһСŮӸûʸۣҲûǸŸλЩܹһ⾳Զһ±ٶҪܶ౶ˮĹâҶСһȻջĿ⣬ˡ
ˮһ仰ûۣΪˮӶ˵ʵ
ڳУΨҶСޱȣһֻĶѣʲô⾳
Σˣһ£Ѿ񾳸ˣһһ䣬̺ذ׳飬У̺ǿ̣һĻۣЩ񾳸ҲͷѪ
ˮӣһǣԽվѯʵ
ҲվĿͶˮӡ
¥ĻжĴʾ䣬ѾˣһԱȣѾѡˡˮӻ˵
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ˮЦһȻ㽫ĿͶҶС磬λӣ㻹ҪСŮ𣿡
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֪ҵݣ϶룬Ҳˣڱ㿴νôһ£ҶСһµӣڣûмĳüʶһ
վɲǼ䣬ĿͶҶСϣЩĿĽʣһЩĿ˼â
㣿ԽҶС˵ŹâƺҪҶС翴ϧôҶС¶Ϊʥء
ȻҶСΪʥأʹӸղҶСּ佫ʥ۷ĸ¥ԿҶСΪǿٶʥصΪ
ҡҶСƽ˵
Сӣˮӿɲ˭ܹģϷĻһһЩҪȻ߲졣Խֱвĺ⡣
ѵΪǼܹһ첻ɣҶСƽʵ
Ѿ¶ˣҪγһŶɱӺ
طҲұ֤죬˵㡣Խ˵
ҶСһЦﶼĵ̣һСȻ˵˵㣬뿴һϷݵʲô
ĪѾһԳһҶС練ʵ
Խɫһ䣬ֻȻ˵˵²һ䣬һȫš
ҶСһо൱жǳأû˸衣
ߣǲ׼һˣȻˣǾưɣԽĿҶСһۣȻתߡ
סɣҪΪŮ˶ҶСͶĿ⣬Ҳ뿪׹ӺȤĿҶСһۣ뿪
֪Լûлˣֻܹ뿪
ˮ¶֮ɫҶСֱӷϣ߲˿ϣվˮߡ


2040 
롣ˮһƣȲŲɫ˿ͬһƽȷȥ
ҶСһֱӳϣҶСһˮһĨɫһ˿ͺĽ
ˮ˵ȻҶС紩ȣڲȥһ䣬ƺ¥ڲķ䡣
һʻţϡ
㲻ǳԲ˵ˣ˭֪ǸʵҲǿȫܹˮӡ
߰ɣ߰ɣûϣˣֻ´ˣ
ˮѡҶС磬˶ûлˣһϴʧ֮ɫȥ
ˮӣҶСһڣڣһа趼̺ŹŵζľľΡ硢ɣȵȣ͸¶һֵŵʡ
ɫԲϣ¯ɢܰ㣬ϻŰֽҶСȻܹǰֽϵֺͼͨĲʱġ
߽ҶСû˿ûпһԲϡ
ˮӹرշţҶСߣ˿еĻȻĿͶҶС磬˵λӣһǸ򵥵ˣֻлܹӵпأᶨ־оߵΪ
ŶܹЩô˵ΪԭѡңҶСһµʵ
ˮʹĳˣһĨɫʣ˵⣬һ֪ӦһҪҪȻҲıԼò
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ܹұӣҶСʵ
ֻܿıԼӡһԼˮӿ˵¶һĨĸˡ
ʵۣ֮ҶС綢ˮӵ˵ˮӵŶʵĹâֻΪʵ֮۲ܹԼòαװԼıӣΪΪ̫ˡ
šˮӵ˵ͷԼӵʵ֮ۡ
ʲô飿ҶС绺ʵȻˮӺʺϳΪ̵ͽܣڻҪƷƷУǾˣһļǿĻ˵ͽܡ
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ˮһӹҶСǰд֮ɫҶС˵ӣ뿪뿪¥ҲһӱﵱеĽ˿ȸŬԼˣӣֻҪܹӦңǸСҶԸ⡣
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С檣Ҳ̫ԼˣС檾ˣ˵˵ô£ѵ¥ɲɣҶСʵ
ܹŮǸ߰ƽŮӡ
ͽɲ࣬ǴСͱ¥ǽ黭ԼȡˣԴӳгɺǱ¥У裬٣裬Ϊ׬ȡĻ֣Щ˾ǹߣҪ뿪ͲܡˮӿɬһЦ˵
Ŷ飿û˷ӳ飿ҶСüʵ
˷ӳ¥߲֪ˣλûˡ˳ԪӴ˺󣬱Ҳû˸顣ˮӼΪĵ˵ϻ¶һĨʹ޵
ҶСΪı棬Ȼܹ˵Ĳǻѻ˻磬ˣͲѡ˵ģʽѰһŵˣΪˣֻһӸλ㣿
Ҫ뿪ֻ취뿪ˮһĨ󣬻һĨɬ
ѵͲҺ¥߲ʶȻ˵ȥ𣿡ҶСһĨʵ
ˮӴһ΢΢
ɣ㿪ЦģҶˣôϣ¾ûܹˡҶСɫһ䣬¶Ц˵һ͵Ȼ㽫ˮӷ
лӣлӡˮӷǳм˵ͬʱϹл
л֮Ͷѣǵ飬ҲһĹҶС絭˵
֪ǣˮӿҶСʵ֪ҶС絽ʲôˣҶСղ˵ĿܹȻӸλ
ˣ֪綼֪ġҶСЦЦӻָ
ม
ҶСʱˮӲ㾪ϽסԼͣдһ˿ĲţƺҶСֵط
ҶҶҶþãˮӲŻʵ
Ȼң˭һбҵӣǾҶС絭˵
ȻĻƽȴһƣ޷ܵơ
׼úÿһû뵽Ȼ飬ôӵܣҪĳЩˡҶСһĨ⡣
ҶҲȾðɣˮ֮ɫ˵˿̣ѾˣǰӾһƶˣҪȻҲ˵ԼûʸΪС檡
ҶСݣڿȷʵûǸʸ


2041 ͽ
ģһᴦõģҵķϣû뵽һҲ鷢ҶСɫһ˵
ллллˮӲס˵лл
Ѿ˵ллˣͲҪٶ˵ˡҶСε˵ˣҿɷ츳ҪҪȥҸһʦ
ʦˮ΢΢һ㶣ȻͷһԵܹҶСƼˣȻǸˣοҲǳ٣ٷ츳
һᡣҶС˵һֱɢҵ̵ڣ˵̣Ȼͬ⡣
һӣһռͨγɣһµŮӱӿռͨ߳Ů̡
츳ӵʵ֮ۡҶСָˮ˵
̽ĿͶˮӣ˵һΡ
ǡˮޱȹ˵Ѿϳ̵ݣҪʦԼҪչԼĲˣҪȻ¶Էա
ˮһʼ٣𣬾չһһ㣬дԣܹ˻ǰ뵽һС
Լӵʱֹͣˣˮд̣ƺѯԼͨ˲ûС
ܺãⷽȷʵ츳ѾңΨһźǻЩҪֻҪԺϳԿܹġ̺ĵ˵ͷ¶һĨЦݣƺΪһͽܶˡ
ˮʦ̵ۣϽ˵֪һ޴ĻԵβܹܹݵһʦ˵ʵ̫˷ˡ
Ժһ١̵ͷ˵ǴӦ˵ˮʦ
̣鴦һ£ΪΪӵĸֱնɱЩ˴ˣΪרŽǰһϣ𡣡ҶСʮ˵
áĵ˵ͷղҶС罫ʱҲΪߣҶСûʲô˼ɵˡ
ڻҪ㽫ͳȥҶС罫ĿͶˮȻ˸ղŵǸӡ
ǣҶˮޱȹ˵
̾ˮķеȴţˮҶСȥˢֵʱ򣬻ˮˢģúܶһӣƺ˵ҶС
¥뿪ҶСŤͷһƼΪ¥Ҳûһʼʱĺ棬Цɱ⡣
û뵽һڻ鷢Ȼڲ֣ףǴĵߡ
һڲҪú٣ٲҽҪӸõˣ
СӣǼүȥһˡ߳¥ҶСո߳׵ľ룬ʱɫŵĸֵס·֣ȥƺҶСΧˡ
˶ʥ۷ĴڣһΪޱȣεҶСϣƺҶСߣʱҶСһ
ãҸߡҶСƽ˵
Ѿս΢΢һ㶣û뵽ҶСشʹ졣
ʶʱΪܣȻһɫװӳһЦƳҶСһ˵
ڰ˵Ĵ£ҶСһԺռİٶĶӵк¥󣬻Ӿأ򳡣ѵصȵȣޱȴ
߽޴ıҶС緢еĸֺܲ٣кܶ˶ʥصĸ֣ǶڵػԱػİȫ
߽ȥͣӦӦһŮӣŮӵΪʥ۷壬¡
ŮӵĴ£ҶСһ޴ͤУͤڣԽеƷζžˮһȻԵõӡ
ܹһƵļƷһжáԽ΢΢һ̾˵лмϧ
ﲻԶҶСĻ¶һĨЦȻһ⣬ǵ졣
ӣѾŮߵԽǰ˵
ţ֪ˡԽƽ˵
ŮһվԽƺԽİȫ
ԽȻһȻԵõӺСƣԸСˣƺûзҶС絽һ㡣
ûҶС磬ҶСҲûȻͤڣʯԽ档
Խ˵Ҳ˵ĵĵȴš
Խʧȥģ˫Ŀбų⣬ҶС˵ܺãĺܺãСǵһôԵˡ
ҲһҶСʮƽ˵
㻹֪ʵǿ󣬵ҵĵ̡Խ˵


2042 1
ĵ̣˭֪һҶĵ̣ʲôʱҿʼ췴ˣҶС絭һЦ˵ֱӿһñӡ
ԽɫüΪѿֻҳϣȻ竣ǲɵ
ԶҶҶĹҶȥǶԥԽȻ˵һҶСĵӡ
ʱ֪ҶСĻ仰ô˵ڡ
ֻϣ˵仰ҪڡҶСƽ˵
ȻڣҶбֻҪ˼һ仰ʲô飬ǶȥԽȻԼҳϡ
Ĳǿ˵ģǿƽʱı֣ԽǿѹСһаѵνҳϣҶСƽ˵ȴһơ
㡭һҽȫι⣬ͷϣٿж⣬жԽɭȻ
ž
Խеһ߽Ų£˵ϣһը˿
ɲǼ䣬һɹɿµϢܳһӰҶСǰЩжʮʥصĸ֣ʮʥصĸ֡
ЩɢŨŨɱһ֪ѵ
ǺôֱۣȻɳôԸңҴ֪һĸ־ǵ˽ҶСЦһ˵
ʱдû뵽һڵһЩٲȻֵܶԼҵ˽˲ƲһභҶС缫Ϊ˵顣
㲻֪黹أϣҪɱҪġԽбųһĨ
ԽĻ£ЩȫҶС˹ÿһһͷԱһ㣬ʱ׼ҶСһ
ҶСЦһǰ߶ȥµĲӼΪ·˻Ϊصһ֣βЩ˸Ͳ׽ҶСӰ
顪
ҶСÿһһƱ£ֻһɳݺݵڵϣѪ³ˣʧȥս
ʱ䣬Щȫſˣһڵֹ
һĻԽ󾪣۾Ǿû뵽ҶСʵȻôǿֻ˲䣬ͽôȫſˣЩ˸ûл֮
㡭α񾳸֣ԽĿҶС˵
˵أҶСЦһһһԽȥԽһƺһǿ뿪첻
ôҪα񾳸־ͿԺҲкüα񾳸֡Խ˵ƺڸԼһвζ
ҵҪǼжα񾳸֣ǲǻ񾳸֡ҶСЦһȻǰȥÿǰ߳һĻԽһ֡
үϽ뿪ͻȻ䣬һӰҶС˹һӰǸղŴҶСŮӡ
ҶСףһȣķ
ۡ
ŮһѪ嵹˳ȥݺݵ䣬涼ݺһ
Խ۾УǿУҲѪҡ
һŹġԽɫһŹҶС磬ȻҪҶС
ΪҵˣСܹί
һᣬԽǼĸֶҵҪܹжҶСͣ˽Ųƽ˵ȥԼѹ
棬α񾳸ҡҶСոջԼѹԽ
˶ԽĻ
ǸǸᵽϡ
ҵСα񾳸Ҫùˡ
˵α񾳸ߵѿɲ٣˵ԷҲǿοǲὫִһֵ̫󣬾棬Ƕûкӹ
ôкϷˣֱӽˣЩ̫ˡ
˶׷ǶϣұûһϣǴڡ
˭۸ˣͻȻ䣬һһۡдƬռдŷŭ֮ɫһֻǿơ
ݡ
ӰĽϷɹŷ֮ҶСڵɱȥ˶α񾳸֡
һʱ䣬ǱҶСǰ˽ҶСεذΧƺҶСһ㡣
ҵȷʵα񾳳ڣһαڣһα񾳺ڡҶСĿһɨƽ˵
⻰˴󾪣˫ĿһҪҶС翴͸ϧôʥصΪ
Էܹô˴ˣȻʥأǶΪ붼α񾳵ĸˡ
α񾳺ڵ¶һĨ֮ɫһɲõԤУƺˡ
Ȼǿ󣬵һ򲻾ҵ˴ڣȻһ졣


2043 2
㵽ʲôˣ֪һеα񾳸вûи¡α񾳺ڵ˶ҶСʵ¶һĨء
ѵǿĶܹһеα񾳸ȫʶɣҶСЦһ
һϣ˵˻ղǾ仰˽һҶСû뵽ȴҶСֱӷһߡ
ߣʲôˣȻңôҪһĴۡȻ˵ҶСץ
һ̺ſֲޱȵռۣһֹ򲨶·ֱӾҪҶС
ͬʱǿҪԽΪ
Ǿֶ̫ʧˡҶС¶һĨʧ֮ɫָһ㣬ҲûпĶǶƬռȫֵĿֲҲΪ˴ɢؼ䡣
ôܣһĻͬʱ¶˾֮ɫ𾪣ּܹƳǹˣ¸Ͳα񾳸֣񾳡
ҲҺһҶС縺ֶм˵
㡭񾳸֣¶˾֮ɫɫ͸ղŲǰԽƶϳα񾳸ʱɫһģһ
˶ӲΪԼ˺ܴΪΪⲻ֪ûվԵ֮ǰõ͵㣬ҪȻQ˼졣
ָɫ䡣
񾳸־һзëһĴڣΪҲŻţû뵽ԼȻһ񾳸֡
ǰǴˣǲα񾳸ɬͷ亹ֱǾ֡
ʱвһ˿֮ɫҵЩӵܣҲ⵽˴١
ûǸʸΪǵǰҶСƽ˵Ȼ΢΢һ˵ţȻα񾳸֣Щ˶гɣҪȻ֪
ǰǶα񾳸֣նɱ֪˿²ðɣɫһ˵
вˣҶС˫ĿĹâųֱӴֵ̽˫ĿС

α񾳺ڸֲҽһ˫ĿѪ⵽ش
Ǽα񾳸ֵļֵ󣬻ҵļֵ󣿡ҶСʵҽȫնɱҲûʲô
ҶСɱڵĻûж˵һ仰
ȫҪȻɱǡҶС˫Ŀбų⣬ֲƱȫС
ǶܵҶСϱɱ⣬һд󺧣ʱǲҶСնɱǡ
𡭡ȱ֣ҽСָϽ˵оԼӦ¶Է˲ֽնɱ
α񾳸̫ˣĻԷԲնɱǣȻһѵǱزġ
ҶСϵϢα񾳸ֶͷ亹ֱԹĿԶԽһֵһ˿
ҶСȫƣվĬĬĵȴš
α񾳺ڸóԼݿȻϵվαǿߡ
ϵЩ˲ûлѶ೤ʱ䣬һʱ㶨ˡ
ǶĿҶС磬ƺڲҶС絽ʲô·
ͻȻ䣬˶ĿͶߣǲкüǿϢӿ
Ƭֻ̣Ůӣӳ֣ŮӶα񾳸֣Ӷα۷壬ŮУ̺ˮҶС綼ʶ붼֪¥ˡ
ҶҶǵŵ˺ΪҶԭǡͬ˵κ͹
ͨͨ
ҶС綼һ֪ӡ
ôˣҶС΢΢ü̡
ղǵĶôǶоˡε˵
Щ˶˼֮ˣ̵һ̸Ǳ֪ҶС緢ֵģȻҲ͸¶йء
׼ǵʱͻȻ䣬ЩЩƣһӾǣǵĿధ£ֻͬǼҶСˡ
ԭҶС˵ͷʼնûпˡ
Ǿˣ½ˡӯӯһЦҶС˵Ȼˮ뿪
뿪ıӰҶС̲ס˵ƻ
ǽ̴ģƵϡ
α񾳸Ҷֵʱ򣬲׺䶥Դ죬ﻹڲͣ߶ҶҶ
ǻ֪ǰ˭ĻôľͰ׻ˣΪԷһ񾳸֣û뵽ȻǵҶ
һҶСģնɱǱնɱû˸˵Щʲô


2044 3
֪ǰҶСʱǿֻţڵùĲˣһҪĸǡ
ΪЩ˺󣬶Էһһӣ⳥һ±ԣû뵽˾ȻҶС磬һȨߣһ¾ˣҪҪҶС顣
ͨ
α񾳸໥һۣͬʱ˵ϣҵα񾳺ڸҶǽ޷ŭˡ
ңһڸһСȥҵķЩôҵģЩα񾳸֣ôͳ˽˵أҶСĿʵ
ÿ˵һ仰ҵα񾳺ڸ֣ɫһ֣ĹؼȨߵĴɡ
ʱԽһһϡһ㵹˵ϣģ֪ΪԼ޴ôµһˣǺںͿɬ˵ʲôˡ
ûãǿϢϯ죬ŵӡ
䡪
ӰӸ߸ߵ¥㣬ٶ£ڣһ㡣
ǵԽǿ󣬹ڵϵɫԽѿⲻǴҳ
ôĵӣȻҵ˶¹򣬾ΪҲô˰ɣ˵һꡣ
ȻᣬΪȴѾα۷壬Ҳһ֮пܾǵҵˣһɢޡ
ȻӸղα񾳺ڸִϢԷп񾳣һ񾳸֣֪񾳸иûгҶСһӵˣ϶Էα۷嵽˼µĸ֣Ҫͻƣ˲ôš
ֻҪα񾳣ṳ̂񾳣аնԸ
Լôα񾳺ڸǿɬѶңΨֱҶСֱնɱ
ҵʲôӡҶС˵ͬʱǰ̤һھҵĲֲƱ
顪
α۷ֱ֣ӱҶСѹù˵ϣѪ
α񾳸ǾֺͺȻʱǲ֪ԼˣԷʵǿޱȣ񾳵ĸ֡
ղŻǸ߸ϵ飬תۼ䣬ͳſڵϵϣ̫ˡ
ǰǰղޱȲĸֲ˵Ϊ
Ҳܾˣʲô˶ˣȻҰγŶҶС˵
ö
ۡ
˲䣬ղα۷ըѶԽҲУһȻ˲α񾳺ڵǿߡ
ҶС粢ɱ޹ܹоЩ˳˳ϻ̳Ͽ⣬һֲնɱΪá
ʱҶС˫ֻӶһε˿߷ʱ䣬һ޵ĴӼƮõĹϸȫҶСһ
뵽񾳺ܹͨα񾳸ڵЩ˿߰Ȼˣ׶Щ˽ܵЩ˿ߺΪ㲻ǰ̤һ
ĿǰҶС绹û뵽ô׶ˡ
ǿҶСֶκһиǧողα۷Ȼ֪ҶСʵݣڲš
ĹҲռѣѾ˰ɣҲںα񾳸֣һҿһǻоȣӽ쿪ʼҾͽɢ˰ɣͬʱǸҸ鿴һ˵ģֱӽͨݿ͹һǸ˼ٴηƵ飬һҶСӾ֮´ݶϵһ㣬쬵ĸо
лɱֻα۷⣬ͬ˵ޱȹ
ߣ˽㴦ˣô㿴ŰɣҶС罫ĿͶα񾳺ڵˡ
Ҷģһõġα񾳺ڵ˸Ͻ˵˿ʮ㡣
Ҳһ¥龡ȻһѲһ򡣡ҶСɨһ۹ڵϵˣһȻ뿪ˡ
ҶС뿪Щ˲ųһ¶һĨңƺΪҶСûնɱǶˡ
ղα۷֣˫Ŀƺסһ㣬ȷʵסˣΪԷһλ񾳸֡
ǣ˶֮Ϊʱ뵽˶ԷݣҲֻеֶΣα񾳸ֵĹϸ߳
ʱ֪Լ˲ǵˣͬʱԼԲܹڷٷٵǱصĳͷ


2045 ǵ
һڷĵΪѲһмᶨ뵽ûʲôܹҡͷ
Ǹҡʱα񾳺˹Ǹı飬֪ô˵
ôǣǵα۷ĸԹʵ
ҲǣҸոսϢȥ󣬲֪ǵڵƤӵ£ҲٴϢα񾳺ڵǾµ˵
α۷һĬȻĻҲҴϢҪŭ˵Ǳʹˡ
ǰ˴һҵ飬һɵ񡣡α񾳺ڸֱȭ˵һ䣬ȻϽ뿪ȥҵ顣
¥α񾳸ҲϽ뿪ȥ¥顣
ڶ죬ҶСõϢҺܶӵȫնɱĶһЩʼã֪͸ĵˡ
¥ҲһǵľӪģʽ˱仯ȻȻ˳֣еŮȴʱȥʱʱйԴṩ
Ǹһĸ֮һ飬ҲһΣûҶСǸ
˵Ĺϵƺһʼԩһ㣬ȻҶСҲûйʡ
죬ҶСȻһתƣ⼸תƣУ˺ܶණȻûΪȴһЩڻ۵ȵͻƺ󣬱ӿֲνĺ
ҶС磬ҳͻƵ񾳣¸¸¡ҶСһĽֵʱͻȻһһ
ȻһֻһڲҶСõ˶Ϊ󷨵赲
˼û뵽ΪѾָ񾳡ҶС¶һĨЦ⣬˽ģȻʧˡ
ҶСʧʱ򣬸ûκע⣬ƺǴûпһĻһ㡣
һ棬һڷ٣Ժ裬ɫƤ£͸¶һɷŵӣǹǵۡ
ʮǰҶСˣоͰģȵٴμҶСʱ򣬾ΪҶС磬ҲҪҶСΪ࣬ҪȻ̫ûˡ
񾭹ʱɻָѾڣԾزѾܹҶСˣʮǰ
ͻأ䣬ҶСӰͳˣŹǵ۵һЦʵô͵Ĵˣ
ʱ͵Ѿˣھֺ͵ġǵ۹һЦ˵
һȭͻȻ䣬ǵ˫ĿâųһȭҶСٶҲ죬ǸͻȻϮһ㡣
һȭâ豹棬ȭͷ̺ǿޱȵĹâһȭ·ҪҶСһèۡ
ҶС粻㣬ƾȭͷ
ҶС粻㣬ǵ΢΢ԾûסȭͷҼӴΪܹҶСͷһ顣
ȭͷȻڽӽҶСȻû˼ĲûгҶС缴һȭĿ⣬ǲƺʲô鷢һ㡣
٣أʲô鷢ǵΪԼǹɲ
ȭͷӽʱǿޱȵȭҶСͷ趯ҶСȻ·ûвһ㡣
ȭͷҶСжʮ׵ľʱͻȻ䣬ǵ۵ͣסˣȭͷҲͣסˣһ·˽һ㣬ʱնᡣ
㾹ȻƻҵڿһҪʹˡҶСһЦȭ˹ǵ۵ۿϣ˲䣬۾ںһƬһӳһè
ȭͷǵ۲Żָж
ѽҵ۾Ҳ̫˰ɣĹҵ۾ҵȫˡǵۿɥ˵
ˣͱװˣûˡҶС˻֣ͷ˵
˵СĲʲôϰסǵ۵ںһƬ۾˵˵Թ
ȷʵֻʲô֮֮ҶС絭һЦ
СûģˣΪڵʲô磿ǵŹâƺҪҶСΪʲô硣
ҶС纬Цһض·Ŷ
ּ٣СӶ񾳣ôܣ㵽˻ʲô֣ǵҶС硣
ҲҲ֣񡣡ҶСٺһЦ
Ǹ̬û뵽ΪѾ񾳣ò˶೤ʱ䣬վڸ߷壬Ҿˣڲˣ´μܵǵ۷ǳƵ˵
ӭһ򣬲ȥǼһ°ɣʮӵʱƾͻ㶨һУǼǣܽһ򡣡ҶСָָһһһͨС˵
ֻԿһЩֵ˵⣬˲ʱѾ񾳣Ųڣ۷壬񣬾ŲͻƵڱ񾳣û⡭


2046 
٣Сӣǹϵôߺţǵ۵۾˵һӡ
ֵˣôôһֻǸҶСһЦ
úãݡǵ۵ҶСһε˵ȻŵǼǵ߳
ǵ۵ıӰҶСЦЦ֪ǵȻΪôһС¼ƽϵģϾһаչ¡
ͻȻ䣬ҶСоһٶ£ƺɨѰʲôͷųԼϢ
һƺ쵽һߣ£γһ˵ӰӣһӰǸռеŮӡ
ͻƵ񾳣Ȼô죿ֲҲ㣬ڿҶĶˡŮ˵
УԶġҶСǫ˵
ҵʵԼ֪ȻѾͻ񾳣ǡܹæȵռŮ˵һ΢ĹâҶСüģȻӰɢ
ҶС紫һӡǣͨǸռӡǣӡǣֱܹӵǸռ䣬پǸ޿ռˡ
ҶСһӱǸռڣֱ˺ѿռǸռ䡣
ٴγֵʱѾκ֮ϣʯǰ߲ĺۼһִĹϣ͸صϢ
ԶѪɫľޱȣ·ܹ˵꣬ǰʱҶС绹Щ죬ڸһоûУʵйء
ʱκϲûŮӵӰҶСɨһӱ㷢ֶԷѪɫֺľ޴ʯǰ
ʯ϶ɫĹâԼԼ޵ĺŮվʯǰ˫йâϴʯţʯϵĹâԽԽ
ҶСܹʯϵЩâƺǴڲȡȻ͵ĳطŮڼһ̡
һĻҶСһԽǧһӳŮǰ
ҪҴ̼󷨣󷨸ĳȡҶСɻʵ
ţ׼ȷǳȡڲӡЩħעռУʧķӡѾҪƳˣ콫ЩնɱǵΪáŮӽ͵˫Ȼ䡣
ҶС׼ЩħȡЩһǿߡ
˵ͷ˫Ŀйâʯϵ󷨣Щ󷨲һ·ع۳ɵ˿ߡ
˼Ƭ̺ҶС˵㣬ҿԲóһ󷨣ĸ󷨵Ӵ󷨵ĳȡʱԽȡԽǿ󡣡
ŮӸϽ˵Ͻ󷨣Ҳܹڳʱˡ
áҶС˵ͷ˫Ŀһɨ˿ܵȻʯǰ󷨣̤񾳣ڹ˺ּܶ࣬򣬹˿߱ö¡
ҶС˫ֻؼһ۳·һ˿һγɣȻ˵ϣһ˿ߵĽ֯ܿ죬ϱγһŴ̺İ·عγ˵
㣬ͣһ£ҽĶúáҶС罫ϵ󷨲Ůӡ
Ů˫ֿٻӶһâ󣬲ͣһͷЩ亹ʱ֧󷨳ȡ񾳸Ҳ֧Ųס
ʱҶС˫ͬʱӡع۳˿ߣóһʯϵ󷨺ҶС粼õ
ҶСһ֣󷨣ɲǼ䣬󷨼ˣӵȫ䵽С
󷨵ļʯ󷨳ȡٶȻӣۿɼϴ䡣
𡪡
·ǲ޴ΣʯŷӡЩħǧʯŶƺҪˡ
ҶСŮӶûʲôǾĿһУȻܹóʯħҲǿɣֵһᡣ
ȻûжúЩԽԽƺӡ
Щħӵеٹʮͻᱻȫ꣬Ըʧķӡ顣Ů˵
㣬ķӡҪ೤ʱܹ飿ҶСѯʵ
ӦûϰʱɣȥŮ˵ζ㣬ҿڳʱˡ
òôҶСЦЦ˵
ͽˣ齻ңʱ򣬸һ޴ľϲŮƽ˵ĿͶ
ˡҶС˵һ뿪
Ѿ񾳣Ȼܹռ˵һ޴ĹأʱǿߣЩ˶ڵǳıȥˡ


2047 ͽ
뿪ǸռҶСֱӳ˻ɳĮҶСֱӿһĽɫ˿ߣķĽɫ״Ǳʲôʳһ㣬ֻʣ֮һ˿ߵĽɫȶС˺ܶࡣ
ǣ˿ߣʱЩֱӶùӡģҪȻʧЩǿĸ綼˷ӡ
ʣ֮һȻ٣ȻҶСȻܹ
ӣҲֻжʱˣҲ֪ܴܲﵽ˵ھŲԲҴﵽ˵ھŲԲҲǷǿߣһҵĶ֡ҶС
鿴ŷӡҶС뿪ǰһ
ͨѳɣǲע壬ǰӡԿΧͲʲô֮ģοЩ˵ЩҲҺΨһҪעȵ
߰ʹ߲ϰѲҲʲô鷢οЩؿ̱õͳιߡ
ҶСصһŵھŲİ׷жʧĸֱҪˣҪóֵ׼Ҫ߾Ϊֻǽٺʩչʲôıʱ򣬲зĻᡣ
ʱ仹Щ̣꣬»һǿߣһһα񾳸֣ҪķҪǧĵ̰
ʱһαʮ꣬ҶС˫ĿľԽԽǿܹһУͻ񾳺¿һѾȫˣĻĶա
ҶСѣһߵոȻĺһһҶͮһŮ˽
ôˣҶͮҶСھЩͷۣһӶסˣ˦˦
㲻Ҷͮ˵һίӡ
аŮôأҶСЦЦ谮Դ
Һò׸һͽܣһʱ㻹ϲҡҶͮװһĵ˵
˺ˣϷҲˣ˵ɣʲô顣ҶС翪ѯʵ
Ҷͮɫıת磬仯ٶȼ죬¶Цݣ֣ǵӦʲô𣿵˵һ׹ܹͻƵα񾳣Ϊͽˣֳŵʱˡ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵ǴӦ㡣
˵ţҶС罫ĿͶųУ˿ߺйɵĽƺܹ͸һС
ųŮҶСǵãǴһĹھʲ˵ǾԺǿҲ¿࣬ŨϢܹ
ʲôʱͻƵα񾳵ģҶСѯʵ
ǰųޱȹ˵ɫЩнЩȻⲢܹ˵־ǿҶС̫ˣУûҶСʱֺܱƽ̬
£ֻ£Ϣޱȳȣͻ˺üһ㣬ԼĹԼݳĹȫ棬ȱݣҪЩȱȫָҪĴĵ伮ҶС绺˵һӱ㿴͸
лҶָ㡣ų˵һ˿ĹеòС
ӽҵͽܣΪͽǿʣһб츳ڣܳԿ࣬ҲǿҿĵطҶС˵
ͨ
ų˵ϣҶСͷȻ󹧹Ľһʦ
ıԼˣֻгԿܹõһԴᶨ˵
ɣҶСûʲôų㱻һεһƹâųһӽųüġ
ų΢΢һȻĿƺٲ鿴ʲô
ʮų˫Ŀޱȸм˵ллʦ
ʮ׶Ҹļʮ׹Ϊ󣬿ԼĹһ֣ĹҲкôһʦܲܲ񡣡ҶСЦЦ
ųû˵š
ҶСıԸˮ꣬սʱҲһƽ̬һΪҪͺʺһ㡣
һҲ֪ûвͶ飬֮ô涨ΪһЩѳ󳹵׳ţȻҵͽҲһҲκԴҪʲôԼȥȡʲôϵֱѯңҲڣͮͮ⣬һ㲼һЩЩ񣬻нΨһ˵ģȻҲΣҶСĿų˵
ллʦһ񡣡ųᶨ˵лһĨл⣬֪ҶСҲ൱ڱĸṩԴ


2048 ָ
лһ߸ȥѧϰһʱ󷨣аع򣬶аʱ䣬벼óһԼ󷨡
ǣʦ
ȥɣҶС˻֡
ųҶСһȻ󹧾ȥ
ڿˣų뿪ҶС罫ĿͶҶͮ
ҶͮƤͷȻ˵һΪһǰ;ͽܡ
ȷʵǰ;ֻҪڴŻ϶ΪǿߡҶС˵ųҪĲʣԣԼãԼݵĹɽܹ
ǿҲһˣǶѾԲĵزûһ˿覴ãֻҪܹٽһܹ̤ľ硣
ҪΪ۸֣Եԡȱһɡ
֣ܹΪ۸𣿡Ҷͮϴһ˿ʵ
㣿ɣҶСҲûаգ˵һģɵĴ
Ҷͮһƣ仰оܹó²ܹΪǿߡ
ȥˡҶͮƲֵ˵Ȼ뿪ˡ
Ҷͮ뿪ıӰҶСЦҡҡͷȻɢ۲һһ⣬̤α񾳵ĸԽԽ࣬ʱÿ춼кüͻơ
ĶҶʱʥ۷壬ʮĻۼΪӴ󣬾ּһʦķ緶ڵӣкܶ˵۱ܹսԽԽˣս˺ܶ඼α񾳣ֻʥ۷塣
ܶʥ۷ĴھȻ³Ųӣ֪ǿ
ʱҶһϺͼһۣЩʥ۷֣Ҳα񾳸֡
ҶСһ٣һ
ҶһȻǸĿǼ˵ǸеҪһ£첻λˣ͡
Ҷ죬ôҪһα񾳸΢΢üʵ
Ǽ˶ǺѣòһҶͻȻ˵Ҫ뿪ܸоֵֹġ
ǸҡҶЦ˵
Ǽɫһ˹˵Ͻȥ˵ʲôҪ顣
ʵǱǸ´δҾܳԺȣеȫҵġҶʮִ󷽵˵Ȼż˹˹ȥ
һУҶС羲ŵȴҶ졣
ûжúҶ˿ϴһĨһĨнӳֻҶСһѣһΣԼҸԼһ޵
°ɣҶСͰ˵
ҶҶСһȻ󻺻ʵЩ꣬ûжҵеĻʱҪֹͣԶ̤һһ
ûаĲ֪׵ġҶܶµ˵
֪ͺãʥ۷Ѿ޵ˣʱͻƣҽȲҪͻƣȥߣĸɽЩǶкôģȥɣ㽫翴󣬾ͿͻˡҶС绺˵
ǣסҶ˵֪ԼĸָС
ȥĸףȻҶС粹һ䡣
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˳ȥ
ӣҶС⣬ֻԼĻ֪ԼһжΪĽ
ҶĲĻԲҶ̤һһĳ̫ˣ˭֪᲻˽ԽԼϣľһǡ
ҲǸ뿪ʱˣҲߣطķ顣ҶС
ͻȻ䣬ɫһȻ¶һĨЦ⣬û뵽Ѿͻˡ
һԶһϣһͥԺУڵŹ٣·ѾУеʱд˵еȵȣǷḻԼ
ҶСӰͻأ֣ڴ齶һɳϣ̵
ʮ겻ѾͻƵ񾳣˿Ʈ죬һλɵ
ʮӵʱֹͣ˫ĿҶСʱ΢΢һ㶣Ȼʵôˣ
ΪˡҶСϴЦ⿴˵Ļ棬߷ЦҲ̵֪ʵ뷨Բұ¶Լ뷨仰ǴЦĿѿڶˡ
ЦÿĿҶС磬ƺҪһЩʲô
ûпЦҶС̵ɫҶСһӳԣ۾˵
ҶСûɵһĻţޱȣƺЩɬЩС
ǲǾߵŮ˵̫ˣԡҶС¶һĨʧ֮ɫʵ
ĵ˵ĻͲһˡ
ͬˣҶСϲȻ쿪˫۱㽫̱˻С


2049 
ͻȻ䱻ҶСӵӿ죬ϲ˺Ρ
С磬㡭ȷſң̫ͻȻˣҡţнߣЩۡ
Ҹ̫ˣһֲʵĸоѾٶˣ˼Ѿˣ͵һ죬ǣͻȻҸȴЩʧ롣
ʲôͻȻģ飬Ըģ˵ǲǣҶСЦ˵
̸о˽չ̫ˣأԼҶСѾȷ˭ܹϧҶСһľͷһ㣬ھͻȻ俪һ㣬Щֲ
ף֪ɵˣԼ࿴ıʲôҪҵѾ㿴ˣ㣬һܼ޸˭̫ͻȻˣûһ׼һʱ𣿡ҶС˵¶һĨ΢΢׼Լƽһʱ䣬Ȼ⡣
áҶСֱӴӦˡ
ҶСˬĻش΢΢һ㶣룺òҰɣղ˵ĻЦ
ʱҶСͷ̵㴽صһ£ȻһЦ˵һӡ£Ժҵˡ
⻰ղŻ̳ױҸˡ
ǸͽôҶСѯʵ
ɷȷʵ츳һҪ߳һߣϧûдãڴ⻹Ҫл㣬Ҫ㣬һҲôһͽܡһĿвתһ˿ĸлһ˿Ҹ
ƺоҶС׼ϽԶҶС׵ľ룬ͬʱҶСһۡ
ҲòôҰɣҶСޱƵ˵
Ƕ˵ǴåȻ١дЦ˵ƺҶСôһʮֿһ㡣
Ǵåˣ֪һʲôˡҶСȻ˵
׼ȥߣصķ飬һȥɣͬʱһЩԼ֣ʲôʱܹһôΪǿߣָտɴ
̳Ĭһŵ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
ãߡҶСû˵뿪
ȻΪ̺ãΪչǺܿ죬Ҫܿͻƣֻܹɣ·вЩʵеĶ̺ʵ
ҶСֱӳŷڣʱŷѾƽ˺ܶ࣬ʵѪҺе־ѣúܶ˶񲣬ֲԼ˭ҺãŷĹкܶȵ־ȫֻ˴
ŷ壬ŷķչš
ʲôˣҶСŷһֳ֣Χм䡣
ЩУвαǿߣкܶʥ۷塣
㣬ҶҶһ¶һĨȻͷ亹ֱ
ҶС˵ҶС쳹½û˲֪ġ
ʱһӰɫۣһ⣬һӰŷġ
ɹˡҶС絭˵
ʲôŷĿҶСѯʵ֪ҶС粻ŷֵ֣Ļ綼ˣ͵Ȳʱ
ҶСû˵ֻǽضŷġ
һŷ˵ģ֪뷨ҲûȵԸʧֵʱԻ
˾ǴˣòҪŷ˳ȥǣܹѹסǡҶС絭˵
ϣҶС̱ʧˡ
ڶֻŷûйһ϶һںˣЩڵڣֻʣһЩһ֣һЩؼ԰ˣЩ˶ݿҪĶǴһڶһ
ԴҶСǵļƻЩʵȨѾ֪û뵽ô죬ǶݿҲûа취İ취ûݿܶطͨУҲ㡣
һ̣Դ¢ϣʱ򣬸û˻ʲôͷЩʵƶѾҶС糼ˣ֮ȻǼУΪŲǸӡ
ô˵Ƕһ쵼ˣͶҶСôһ󱲣оûӡ
ôʱķչǻģȡ嶼һݿͬö֮Ǳһߵİš
һϰߣͻȻ䣬øıѡ
ûֻȵЩͨѶߣºѺӦ޴Ļң
е˶ܹףִûܹ赲ˡ


2050 仯
ҶС˻ΪͨˣߣûжκҲûжκ֮˵ȵȣ׵׵еķ飬ɽɽˮˮ
Ǽʵء峺ĺ˺ཻ֮У˶Ǽĸ
һһ죬һһ꣬ʱҴңת۵ٰʮ꣬Ҳ˵ҶС˳ȥѾ˶ꡣ
һ꣬緢˷츲صı仯عƣռȹޱȣҲ˺ܶ౶ͷ·һδѱһ㡣
α񾳲α񾳸ˣ񾳸֣ҲѾǧˣ񾳸Ҳ˺ö
ķչѾα񾳵ļҲ˵Ҫα񾳸֣ʲôʱչ񾳣ǲķʢ
Уһ洦ɼڣ洦ɼе˶ӵһеݿ˵һʱʱ̶̿ߵͳһ
඼໥磬洦ɼĴ½Ҳ洦ɼ˵е½Ѿֱ˴ˡ
һʼҶСƶƻʱ򣬲໹嶼ܲģȥ壬½ֻ޼ʱţԽԽ࣬ķչ໥ľ档
Դһ̵ĵгãĵõӦãûһ˲ܲԴûԴȥһĿʯȥһЩյصõĲҩɹȵȣֻҪڷܱһС
ģʽὫһ׿׿©
һѾõ˵߸ݶȣڰ˸ݶȵ󷨻֮һܹɣЩȫ´һֲõġ
һ˺ܶ౶Ѿ൱ǰСˣڶָ࣬Ҳ塣
ټأû˸ΪΪѾָ񾳣ס񹬣û߳ȥԵޱȡ
ԴҶСΪǿĻ󣬳Ϊһö塣
һѾչΪУߵʥأܶ˶ԼһΪ١
ΪߣһֵĹԽԽϸܹһһ׿׿ԷǷܹԿ˵ˡ
ȻУһ⣬ǻڲҲкܶСЩһЩûʸһǿ߹ġ
ǲһڣȻһ򷢲ݿȡԴʱȻһ̣ǾһڴڵЩСΣǲΪͬΪ֯һ̽յŶӲ֯ġ
ԴҶС繥ǴսһͳһʱǺܶ˶ϣġ
ܶ˶ҶС綼𾴣̡
УҶС͵˺ܶ࣬Ͽصķ飬ɽȥʮʱ䡣
عҶСŮһʱպ󣬱㿪ʼչһֱڶûѹ
ֵһҶСĶҶѾα۷壬ҶСѾٹˣѾˣ֪Լĸʲôʱͻơ
Ϊ׷ȹ̣ûѡͻƣǽй̣
ųԼǿŮѾ񾳣α񾳺񾳵ĹԼģȻ˺ܶĹԼش
ʦʱҶСѾз۸ֵʣˣԼ칦ǷǿӦߵ·
ҪΪǿߣҪ߳Լ·ǰ˵ĹͲܴﵽ񾳴Բ
ҶСĸʱ򣬾ͽһǿȻǰڻѵʱе࣬ǵ˺ڣͻ˳Ľ񾳴Բľ磬Ϊǿߣͣ񾳺ϰ꣬ǧ꣬ʱ䣬˵ʡ˺ܶʱ䡣
ųͽܣҶС⣬ԣԿ̬ȣ˸ûа취ȵϡ
һ仰ҶСľģҪıԼˡ
ųͥͲãƶ֣Ϊ˼ĸŬУõĻһָһΪԼС˵˵ĺ統ң⻰һ㶼١
ҶͮʵѾ۷壬ٲһ˿ܹˡ
ҶСֶŮһǷһǴ
ĺӺ߷ƣͬòŴҶСһͷڷԸʹǡ෴
ʲôʱ򶼺ƽһҲ࣬Ů龫֣ŪˣһµıǴʱҶͮ¡
ԶԣŮ͹һ£ľģǸŮ
ŮЦ˵˵ĺˡ


2051 彫Ҫ
꣬һʱ䣬֮˵һ˲޲ʱܹӳ
ܶ˶һȱʱĸоִƵ˳УͲиһиͻᱻ˸ϡ
һ죬ͻȻ䣬¡¡죬綼ˣÿһռ䡣ÿһضڲ͹ƺޱȣڱչе˶Ѿ˹һЩո׼ͻƵĸһѪһСˡ
̫ͻȻˣ彵ʱؼ䣬ܶ˶ǲҪʲôµ鷢ˡ
زңҪд鷢ˡ
᲻ʲôս
϶ᣬҪиսĻҲӰô󡣡
ѵѵʧĸֽˣ
ܣɲǺ£˵ʧĶǸ֣ǽٺ׼ûʲô£ҶҪƽͳһЩ½Ҫˡ
ܶ˶һͻȻ۷׷ס
һһУҶС˫ĿϿֲϢƬƬһΧתƺһĪһ㡣
Ѿ˵ھŲڣʵҲۡ
񾳺ҶС֪񾳵ǿΪһ˿˿ʵǧһССĵȼһ󾳽һ㣬ǲࡣ
ҶСϵ˫Ŀбų⣬ƺһӿգͻȻ䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬һʧˡ
ģɳĮشѾ£˺֣ܶЩֶαǿߣкö񾳸֣ЩǴﴫݹģ㶼
Ƕ鿴۲ſռÿһ磬Ҫ鿴ʲôվûв鿴
ռһѷ죬һӰ֣һӰҶС硣
ҶҶС֣Щ˶ޱȹ˵
ҶС˵ͷֱӽĿͶգʱУһƬ״ġȫع˿ɵķӡֻʣһò˶೤ʱҪˡ
Ҷղһôһ£ǲʧĸҪˣͻȻѯʵ
˶ĿͶҶС磬ʳһ
ȷʵʧķӡѾ飬һµʱ䣬ǾҪˡҶСɫص˵

˶Ǹ׼ҶСĻȻһ֮ɫ
Ҷ֪ʧΣ
Ҷĸ֣ǲǸͲ˼ҵĶ֣
Ҷڸô죿

˶ѯҶС磬ƺҶСܣ֪һ㡣
ͻȻ䣬Īģ˶ֹͣ˷ʣƺҪҶСһ
ҶСĿһɨ˵ͲʧֵĶ֣ʧУ㽵һܹȫĨɱǽٺ󣬲һֱǶ֣ǳӶࡣ
ʲôǸͲ˼ҵĶ֣
ʵҲǲѡ񣬺Ż
٣˵˻еϢòվҲᱰϥǵĽֺͷ
Щ˶˵ԼľͬʱԼıߡ
ҶôԴǽ£ģֻҪȥսһһĿ˵
ҶСЦЦ˵һеѡնɱôʧֵˣնһǿߵҲԸǣҲԸң֡
Ҷһͬˡ
Ըͬˡ
ܶ˶
ҶС翴ǣûбʾʲôЩУжʵģ˭Ҳֻ֪еǸʱ򣬲ܹɣ
ʱͻȻҶСһĨ⣬һӰͻأ֡
㣿ҶСһȻû뵽ŮӴĸռ߳ˡ
ô㲻ӭҳ֣ŮӿҶС˵
ǣֻЩ⣬ΪǸռвҶСʵʵ˵
ǸռеĶѾȫ׼ˣȻܹ֡Ů˵ȻĿͶֻʣһķӡһ̾˵ڵжʮңӡȫ飬ͨ
㣬л𣿡ҶСѯʵ仰ոʳҶСԼһƣ仰ͲӦʣûǸҪȥս
Ůɫӵ˵ʱ仹̫ˣٹǧ꣬Ǿ߳ɵĻԸǣȻǣҲƲΪֻʣǸ취ˡ
įһ˿˱
ʲô취ҶСеѯʵ


2052 㳡
ǻȡһʱ䣬ԺôҪǵˡŮ˵
ȡһʱ䣿ҶСɻʵ
ʱһս˶Ϥδ֪бʷһ׼Щǵʬǣв־ȫתƵǸռ䣬һЩǿħӡ󷨵£ȡǵЩʬǣв־Ѿ׼ˣֻҪӡ飬Ǳɱʧ磬Ȼ᳹նɱǣǸһشܹġŮ˵
Ҳȥ𣿡ҶСѯʵ
ᣬѾˣҾ͵һ̡Ů¶һĨᶨһĨĸӡ
ҲҪȥҶСĿŮ˵
㲻Ҫȥϣ飬ʲôıĻûֹܹˡŮ˵
㣬֪Ҳȥս밵нʧ磬̽һǵпܵĻһ֮ìܣأǶһ壬˳һ
ŮӳĬ˼˺һŵ˵ͷ˵ðɣǧҪ֣ҪȻʧЩǿ߻᲻һеĳնɱ㣬ǵвʵ̫ˡ
֪ҶС˵ͷ
ҶСںŮʱֶܶˣƺڲŮӵʲôݡ
¡
һ죬Ƭʧӡͨʮ⣬һڵѷ֣·ձֳ롣
һ޴İ㳡ڵѷ¶㳡޴ޱȣǵء
޴İ㳡ƾƯգһֺƴΰĸоɵġ
һĻ˺ܶˣҶСĿְ㳡Ϥޱȣ޴İ㳡ǵҶСɽǸռʱǸ㳡Ψһı仯Щ޴ޱȵħ
ʵ£ΪǵΪͨ죬֪ǸͲǵ񣬶ħЩħӡˣϵЩɫǹ˿ߣרųȡϵ
ѾôˣЩħڵѾˣħҲΪһѷĩ
һ㳡ѷгֺһʵӰѷг֣Ƕվھ޴ޱȵĹ㳡ϡ
ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һУЩΧɵ͸һ߾ãЩŽɫͺɫཻĻ档
ҲЩӰʵ壬ûʲôΨһͬ۾ûκɣͬǽʬһ㣬ȴɢŸࡢϵϢ
ЩһӰЩӰһʱ󣬲ʵۡ
㳡ϣһµϢӿ磬α֮ϵĸֶɿֲϢܶ˶Ϊʱĸֽˡ
ҶС粻ԶЩ𾪣ǰ㳡֣һӰĸֳ֣Ǵ˼𾪡
ǡʲôˣ
ôͻȻô֣
ǸͲǻˣϸŨŨ
ʲôǶˣ
ܶ˴󾪣¶֮ɫƺ벻ЩѾ˵Ǵʲôط
ûв´ĻЩӦʱĸ֣ǹʱʧˣԭһָֽʧ磬һָˣǲ֪굽׷ʲô£ôôһǻ۵񾳸ֶŰ㳡ĸ˵
һģӰϳ֣ЩӰʵǿޱȣ͸ϢܹЩǰͶ񾳵ĸ֡
Ѿ׼ʱԹʧ磬ֻʧеķӡȫƻŮҶС͵
ҶС˵ͷʾס
ʮӵʱ䣬㳡·˺ܶһ㣬ʮӰվ˹㳡ϡ
ҶСϸĸһ£Щһ붼񾳸֣˶ǿߡ
Щõ˶񾳸֣ǰΪҲǺܸߣֻǸոͻƵ񾳡
ڵȴʮӺޱѷвû˸߳˲ѷ첢ûк£ƺڵĵȴʲô
㣬ʵЩشʧЩ֡ҶСĿɨüͷ˵
żȥ֪ˡŮӺƽ˵ƺʮһ㡣
ʱִĸط鿴ߵʲô춯
Ƕܵ˿ֲ춼ϢһŨޱȵǻΪ߳ʲô顣
ǸϹ㳡ֺɫһ䣬ͨΧ˵ģ֪Щ˶ʱȥˣҲ֪Щ˿ܻȥʧ磬Ĺԡ
֪Ϣ˿㳡ЩӰǹ


2053 ʱĸ
ˡ
ؼһ΢ĲһƬռеعޱȣƺʲôµĶҪһ㡣
ֻ꣬ˡ
ʱһؼķɢȦȦ֣ϵȦȦ
һ̼䣬һֻŴڵѷһֻŻûвããɳĮϱһ޴Ľӡ
䡪
ŷ֮һ޴Ӱ֣һһٲ¥ô֣ɢ˾ηϢ
ֻŲããɳĮϣֱֱ֮ͦһ㣬ؼչֵ˼£ƺĻΧܶ˶һЩ
񾳺ڵĸ֡ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һ˵
רԼ̺һ֮£񾳵ĸ֣ʱڣ۷Ϊɱһٶ񾳸֣۷ĴھʮȻΪֻ񾳺ڣЩǿ߶ɵѡŮΪҶС͵
ƺҶСɻ¶һĨ˸֮ɫѾˣڵһȥĻӰͲʵ־
ŮӵĻҶС¶֮ɫȻ񾳣ڱϻֶϣͲ㡣
Щʱĸ֣֪Լ񾳵һЩͨ͹̫ˣǰߣͲ֪ԼĲ֮
ȷʵбҪȥʧһҶС
ߣŪˣôȥˣ㻹Ǹı䲻ˡʱһڵѷд
ֻһ޴ޱȵſ֣ſ·ܹĴ͸գҶСȻܹһ޴ſͨȪ·ĹŹأֻһȫɹͷɵſ޴ޱȣĴöࡣ
ʱſɽվʮӰһӰϢӴޱȣƬںһƺƬؼףǷǿߵƣʮһ˶񾳺ڵĴڡ
ʯۣ㻹ף񾳴Բ𣿵ҵ񾳴ԲһͷƲƲ˵
Զûлˡʯۺƽ˵
ǰûлˣʱѾˣܹ꣬ٴѾǺܲˣҲ֪ʱû˽Ǹ硣΢΢һ̾˵
жһĨһĨǶܹܵЩʱֵĲʣж˵ĲϧʼûͻصƣԶ޷ﵽǸ磬ƿǵˡ
ʯһԲƺҲڸ̾һ
ٴص̾һȻС׸е׳һΣ˾޴ſ֮ϡ
ʯۣΪʯҰˣСڴΪ飬ʮʱ߳ɭ֣һ֣һʱӴ˺һһ·նɱ֣ɾͷǿߡʱڵŮΪҶС˵һǿߡ
ҶС羲ţŮ˵Щֵ¼

ʱһŭӿѷӿ·죬ضӣеˮˮӵĪ֮ȻȫڽС
ӾبգʼȻֹ
һӰиֶΧˮɣͿӡ
һۣǽͱưɣԴһ˿ɳƣɱˡ
ܶ˿Ŀжһ˿ļɵ
ˮΪˮۡһмˣȻ·Ȼûй˵츳ƾ͵ڤڤе񾳣Ȼս񾳴ԲΪ˷ǿߣɼߣи֮ˮɵģһڻ
ŮΪҶС˵ʱУмӰƮЩƵۣٵ⣬񾳺ǿߡ
ŮΪҶС˵ÿһ˵¼
һһ£˿ǶǸʱǣʱÿ꣬һǿߵϵĹҲΪʣǸˣ˾壬𾴡
ÿһ˶һβһƽֻҪܹ֪Щ۸һ¼ܹسǵ¼ߵĵ·̺ع򡣡ҶСЦЦ˵
ȷʵˣÿһǿ߶Ƕصģǵĵ·ûܹơŮ˵
ǵʱѾȥˣ񲻹ִδԹ޴󣬲ǹȥĲл꿴յһУνʧ磬ܽΣǶʧԶʧƬռ䣬ؼӡҲʧʱǵġ


2054 ǿ
ûһʱ˭ȡŬҶСʮƽ˵
ʱڵѷУһ޴ʯų·ᴩǿգһ硣
һʯž޴ΰ˳ɣӡۣд򶷵ĺۼа߰Ѫʯϣʮ־վһɫۣһͷ׷ƮڼҴүү
ȻϢȴûСʵѾ˷۸ֵĲΡ
Ůûٽ˵ҶС粻ɵʵ㣬˭
ŮҡҡͷҲ֪֣ȻǷǿߣȴûԼķţޱȣʱû֪ĵϸǳΪˡ
ˣһֵ֡ҶС罫ĿͶˡ
Ӧһ㣬ǵбųâƺҪҶС翴ͨ͸
ҶСɢεĹâƺ赲Ŀ⡣
¶˴ЦݣҶСĿдͣʱкӵġ
ܵ˵Ŀ⣬ҶС˫ĿһܹоεѹȻѾ۷壬Էۼǿ߻ЩԷԨƺϢľѣսĻȻĺܲңֻе񾳺ڲܹЩǿ߲һ
˵ĻֶܶĿͶҶС磬ž⣬ͷ㡣
䡪
ͻȻһƴԵѹ˻ĵϢϯԲеһ̼䶼·޷ˣ޷ȡһ
بƣΪۡ
ɣƬؼ̺һܣӵ̡
֮һ޴ĸ˺գƾճ֣ؼ䣬һӰ֣ɢŲý⣬ҫķͬһС̫
ۣȻҲǷΪ۵ǿߣϧûֻһлꡣ
Ĵս̫ˣɢˣһл껹ǴӹȥٻĲл꣬Ѿָ˼ս
ۣԭǸ彵ʱֵһɫӰ
Ҳ֪ٿŲţŵĻŶʱܹʥ۷֣һȴϰ꣬˳Ϊα񾳸֡
۵˲䣬˶Щ˲ʱˣЩ۸ֶʶΨһʶıۡ
ۣһΪŵˣһˣ¾ʱĵһˡ۵һôݣʡԡþݣ˵˵ˡ
΢΢һ٣ŮӼ˵һ콵ɫ⣬գ£һ±·һ֣ͨʱ죬ʮʱʥʮ㵽α񾳣һ̤񾳣ΪǿߣսǿδһܣԴ˺ǧʱ䣬Ƴʮڣ˵һͥϧͥչ˼ʱһֺնۣǸ˾һһû֪Ǹ˴ʲôطƾճֵһ㡣
ҶСһ꣬۵ľܹʵǿޱȣݺʱȴһִˣж˭Ҳ֪
ҶСѪҺڿ񱼣ƺҪһս˭ʵΪǿ
һǿѹзڵս⣬ѯʵ㣬ʲôˣ
һһˣһΣһƮ죬ͰղסŮ¶һƬãһ˿ĸӡ
û֣Ҳ֪ʲô˵ֲһţûбҪ֪һǽɵĴڣǵֲܹгعӦ
ҶС𾪵ĿŮӣǵ־Ȼܹʲô簡
ǶڹѾһ㣬Ĺںһ𣬴ĳ˵Ǳһֵع򡣡˵ţŮݸһЦҲżֻҪŬȻΪһĴڡ
㣬ǸǲҲ˺ͬĹҶСʵǵõһνؿռʱŮӾ˵ǰҲһպһڿŮ˵Ǹ˶ȻǸ۵ˡ
Ҳǰɣһһû⣬ƺǺһĹӦǽʲô˺һŮ˵
ǸôҶСٴѯʵ
ҲһˣҶǷ۸֣ûнľ磬ֻнľܹһСŮ¶һĨʹһĨˡ


2055 Ӧ
ŮӵıȻǿ֮ĳֹϵȻ飬ҶСûʡ
Ǿ޴ĸСһС
һ֣е˶ֹͣ˵ʱЩ֣Ǿۼǿߡ
ʱкܶ񾳸ִѷг֣վգ˫ָһ㡣
䡪
ؼ¡¡֮ɢؼһѷ컺ϲԽԽС
ݡ
һѷʧ˲䣬һ޴ʯһĶƯڰ㳡Ϸʱһѷʧ
һ޴ʯʣʯһӳҶСԺУǵκϿʯ
Ůʯֵ˲䣬¶֮ɫƺڴʲôʲôûеȵʧ
㣬ڵȴǸ֣ҶСѯʵ
ҾһģƺһƲл꣬ȴֻ꣬Ϊټһ档ŮỨ˵
֪ʼնһСŮһãʼնһ㺣׷׷Ϊֻܹ֮ĬĬ֧֡
㣬Ҫˣϲһ˲һҪȥӵУһݸ飬ʱĵױģ¾ͱˣ˺ԼҶС簲ο
ŮӿƺԼУһеỨ¶ǿЦݣ㲻õģû¡
ˣ㻹ûиֽ֣棬Ȼ㶼ҽˣհɣ
áҶС˵ͷ
ڻһʱӡŻȫ飬ȸһһô
ðɣ뿴ܵ⼸ķչŮһЦ˵˿ղŵ˸С
˿ЩʱһЩ֣ҶСιâų˲ʧ
ҶС綼뿪ˣΧЩΧ۵Ҳ׷ȥ
˶ȥɳĮһֻʣʱЩ֣תۼ䣬ɳ죬ڱⷽأƺ˴һ㡣
ʱʧӡҪѣʱһߺֵʧ磬ЩҲ֪ʱЩҪȥʧ硣
Ȼ˲֪ԭ򣬵ǵӡУʧ˶ǻˣʧһǵĶۡ
ܶ˶׷׺УҪɱʧ磬ܹǰһｵ٣ƻгĴ硣
£ǻⷽʮӣҲʮֵӣ壬Ƕ֪һЩʧʵҲԸЩֽ٣ǽٺ󣬿ĸҪ仯ǽҪںλã˭Ҳ˵
ɱȱɱʧ硣
ǣҾͲôˣ첻˺
ĸ˵ٶ඼ڻңǻȷչ
Ҫ־Լ磬ǻʱЩأͲؾǡ
磬طСиֳ¡
ҶصһҶСֱӻصһҶȥ׼һ
ҶСصһĽѩһȴš
С磬ǼǶ֪ˣѾ۵һھͲˣ߰ɣҶС֣ĽѩϽ˵
ҶС˵ͷһɨ鿴һϣһ޴Ի͵ڣһ
޴Уһе񾳡񾳸ֶڣǶ£һȻμκεĻһֱڰ׵˱
ôܶ˶һˡ
ҶСĽѩֱӳڣĽѩӸߴԲ̨£ǰŮڵλá
ټԲֻ̨ʣҶСһˣʱе˶ĿͶҶС磬ƺȴҶС署
ҶС˫ĿһɨÿһһۣȻ󻺻˵ŴҶϢ˰ɣжʮҷӡͻ᳹׵Ƴʱ򣬿ʧĸֻή磬ɵΣȻܴ󡣡
Ȼʱĸֹ׼Ըʧ磬ȻֹۣǿЩʱʱѾˣڵĲǲĲл꣬ӳʵںޡ׼һսشʧ磬ӻʱ䡣һսǲҪμӣֻҪŬٵնɱЩʧ罵ٵˡ
ܻѯʣǺʧЩûгޣαشɱɱأҿȷĸߴңʧЩ֣߰ĿһУƲˣǽ٣ǻΪǵūο˵ı˵仰ĿΪ˸ߴңǧҪнҵʧ˶ǵĳˡ
һ㣬ʱһЩ飬ʧĻһһϣȻ󷢲ÿ˶ݿϣϣλһ£֮ܶһս޹أҪԵЩ׼ҷ𳹵ʱ֣ǱŬҾ˵ôࡣ
ϣҶСʧˡ


2056 Ϣɢ
ޱȵڣһЩҶСĻһֱ֮Уʧͨķӡ飬ҪȥնɱЩʧĸ֣ʵȴУÿжܡ
ҶС뿪ĽѩŮ˵һЩע飬Ȼ󶼸ɢȥ
һҶСڿûеȴãŷǧĽѩǶ׷׳֣׼ҶСõϣȻЩȫ͵ÿһ˵ݿϡ
С磬ٽʱ˵һ£ʧЩһ¡ŷǧҶС˵
áҶС˵ͷȻ½Щ鶼˵һ顣
ŮЩ֪Щ飬Щ˲֪Ȼ֪ҲǼģʱ󣬶ܷŭʧǿ󣬶Ĭʧ̫ǿˣһ˿С
ŷǧʹʼնһʮƽӣǶĵļЩ顣
ҶС˵ŷǧ棬мŮ˳ȥҪЩһȻ󷢵˵ݿϡ
С磬ӡʱЩҪȥʧ磬ҲҪȥĽѩĵĿҶС˵
ţҪȥȻѾ񾳣ҸоعͨǲʱЩ֣Ҫٽѵʱֻܶ࣬нʧ磬Щ񾳸ֵʵҲܹĽҶС˵
磬Ѿ޵ˣûִѹΪľͻֻܶ࣬еʧ磬ʶЩ񾳸֣ǺЩ񾳸սʵܹĸ졣
Ϊܹ񾳸ֵͨǶԹ
һ˵ٺã쳵ʼղս
㲻ҲҪɱʧ磿Ľѩʵ
ңһˣʧ񾳸ҲȻѾ񾳣ִսУ»ǻᱻնɱһһ˶νܹͻƵ񾳴ԲȻμһսģҲ嶯ģ֪ʲôʱó֣ʲôʱ򲻸ó֡ĽѩĵӣҶС˵һսʱһսҲûбҪ֡
ҶСô˵ĽѩԾ¶һĨġ
ʲôʱ򣬶ҪԼİȫҲںʲô磬ȫֻҪƽƽػסһҸĽѩҶС˵
εļǿε˵ֻһŮˣһŮҪĺܼ򵥣ֻҪԼϲƽƽҸ֣˵Ů˵˽
ףģҲġҶСĿĽѩ
ȿȿȡǺˣҪҪǶܿǵģʱľܿĵ˵װһӡ
㡭Ľѩɫͨ죬ľܿһһСŮһȫû˹һյЩѧԱǵࡣ
ЦģҪ档ľܿ㿩һЦ˵Ѿĸ׵ˣǰһġ
ͻȻľܿ㽫ĿͶҶС磬һ˵С磬ʲôʱ㶼ҪסǶڼҵ㣬㲻Լǣô࣬Ƕعѡ
ףҲģȻҲǵĶ֣뿪Ļ˭赲סҶСʮŵ˵
ܹԼòܹԼϵϢĻûܹõοǾ߷壬һ꣬Ǿֱܹӳ硣
ܹЩòˣҾ㵽ʱ̲ס֣Щνķ۸ַˣΣˡľܿٴ˵
ŮΪţ׷Ȱ˵ҶСҪϧԼԼİȫڵһλѾˣһҶСŮ˺ܶ꣬Ҳʹ˺ܶ꣬Ѿʧȥϲ˵ʹ࣬ٳһˡ
ŮҪĺܼ򵥣ֻҪԼ۰ԼһƽƽɣʲôصҲʲôӢ֮ģЩֻΪʵġ
ҶСŮĵʱŷǧŮѾʱ飬ʧʵֵдӽĴ㣬ȫ˳Ѿʼˡ
εεΡ
˵ݿ춯һΪɢЩ˿ݿϵϢһǷŭÿж˶ʧķŭǿҵĵ⡣
ǰǶʧ粢ûʲô⣬֮ԶԿʧ磬ΪҶСУҶСȷġȻ֪ԭ򣬲ŬִС
񿴵ʱ飬ǶʧЩֽٺնɱǣʲôı˶ʧֵĵӡ


2057 
ȻǷŭиΣΪҲʧʵٷŭǶԷĶ֡
ȻҲЩֻ֪νĲ裬Ҫɱȥʲôһ֮ģ˻ΪϢѣջûжοɳĮǱ߻ɳ죬γһ޴Ľ磬ֻҪ룬ЩɳӾǰһ
ʱЩҲΪ˷ֹǽ롣
һϢ£綼֪Ϣÿж˶֪ŬĻʧЩǿ߽ٺ󣬸ûܹ赲
ӻǱ߹ҶСûгȥһֱһŮҸĺӻųָ
ǰʱҶͮҶСߣȴҶضҶضҶСʹĺӣС龫֣رĵƤԶûгһ㣬ΪСõҶŶȴǹľԸϺʹӨЩơ
ʧķӡ򿪺ҶСҲ֮룬Ҳ֪죬ΪķҪȥɳĮǱ򣬲κʧĸֽ٣ûʱŮڲŮ
תۼ䣬ʮʱȥˣʮʱҶС֯˺ü񾳡αСӣЩСҪʱֽʧͬҶСķȻкܶǰص־ԸߣЩ־Ը߲࣬֡
ʮʱҶСˣ֮ȥģʹߣЩʹߵΪѾ񾳳ڣ໥֮ϵļΪĬټҶСǾ񾳳۷ķڸָͲþ¡
ɳĮɳ죬ǲɳγɵĽѾʧˣʱĸվա
Щֻʣû߲л֮¸ȫվھ޴İɫ㳡ϡ
ɫĹ㳡һıĹ㳡Ǻبеĳţһӣ͸һֱ׳ҵϢƬռ䣬Ӱźܶ˵
һ̼䣬Բһٹ⣬ΧһȦÿڵѪҺڿӿսܣƺҪȼǶһȥսսʤ˸ԣ֪ԼȥҲǰȥֵס񾳸һơ
ϣӣԿʧֵϣȴɳΪ˲ʱܹԿʧʱ
ҶСִվ˾ӡʮ֮ĵطСֱӰڳһƣʮ񾳸֣ϰα񾳸֣ؼһƬɱ
Щʱ񾳸֣һɨ΢΢ͷһӣƺҶСΪ⣬ֻǶҶСΪ⡣
ҶС羲վպ˫Ŀɮ붨˶һսڴеġ
Щʱĸֲܹشʧĸ֣ʧĸֱή٣ŭйϡ
ÿһ˶ΪһսսȭͷǶʱЩֵĹǶ˵ĲʣԼôСܹЩһɱʧ硣
䡪
ʮ죬ķ춯ֻ˷ĸǰЩΪͶαǿߣиָǿĹߡ
ħһǿսЩսѾ˸죬ýʵޱȣװϵͳ˺ܶࣻһһҵս
Ŀͽɽŷɵһǿߣ֣Ӣ˵ǿߡ
һѪӺգѪУѪӰ㿣ǿ߳ľʿܣһƬ
Ϸľҵ
ΧŻĸϢϣռھҵĲ·Ҫݻ˻硣
ֺ˵ϢؼĴնʧȥɫ
ۡ
һЩϢ͵ÿһݿϵʱ򣬲࣬ͬʱػֹʧֵĽ١
ЩϢУ֪ʧĸ־ʴ֮ˣһĺϵˣˣҶС簲ţǰ׼Կ
ٶķչ˾޴ı仯ڸԴĹϵĹ£Ŀܣľ޿õ˾޴ߡ
ľȻô룬ϧˣٸǧʱ䣬δֱӽʧǰȫնɱһվκϵ񾳺ڸ΢΢һ̾˵
첻ʱ䣬ǸΪǴʱ䡣һ񾳺ڸ˵ɷҲ֪մȾ˶
һαشǣҪȻ˿¾ͻΪȦǰûԵļһʲô¶ܹʯۻ˵


2058 ӡȫ
ĮʧķӡΪģʱЩ֣ϢӴޱȣȻҶС缸ˣٴαΧܵǿߣȻУ
ǶʱЩʧܣһʧܣµս죬ʱ϶Ŀģƽ׵Ľ
ݡ
һâ£һ۵ҶҶСߣսȻ˫ĿбĹâеķӡ
С棬ɣεս֣һǰսǶˣһҲûʲô㻹нبʯϵ˽ĿͶҶ档
壬ҪһսҲʱˣһεսûвμһһҪμӡҶ漫Ϊִ˵
ʱһ㶼ԣһʮִֹСŮ
С棬ӦףǶһεսҲıʲô㻹ɣǵ־磬඼ǿԿʧ磬ΨһԸٴ˵ܲϣ·ֱ˵ġ
С棬ͽˣһȥ𣬲Ҫô£ˣҲӦĥˡվϵˮɫ͵˵
ǿȰ˵Ҷ棬ҲȰ˵
ǵĻҶĬƬ̺οɬ˵ãλĻҲȥμεս
Щ˶οĵ˵ͷ
Ҷ潫ĿͶҶС磬Ҫȥ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵ȥһ߷Ǳߣȥ˺Ǿ߷ֹʧЩֽ١
˵ͷȻΪһʧ
ҶĵǸ˵ĵȴһС뿪ƽ߰սƬռֻصÿϵսⶼڽڽڳһ塣
¡
ʮգؼһ죬·ĳϱˣĮеķӡ׵ƳһĶڳ֣ƴźܶعк£һӵҶ¡
ӴعһƬռ䶼ʱ䣬Уƹѹѹģ߿裬·ĳַӦһ㡣
Ѿ۷ҶСԸоǹеҪĶ࣬ЩعƺҲΪ߼һЩ
Щ͹УǿҵķӦ
û뵽ǽô־ѪĹȻѾȫǸ磬ʧСﰡʯ΢΢һ̾˵
ӡĳ飬Ӵͨʧǿ͹һӱŷһͨ룬ǸڵĶڻرա
սսս
ʱЩǿĸ֣һ磬ΧЩҲȾˣź
ѪڷڣսڽΧĿռ仯Ϊ˻硣
һƺÿڵս
ǿֲս۵㡣
ݺ£ͥһѰ֪ںηΪһǧ󣬷֪ļģȻٸһλᣬһնɱЩС֮ͽһȺаͽҲԳ飬ɱۺƴƬ쳹
Ӱߴһɫľˣء
ƣ֪꣬ͬٸ꣬ɱɱ¶һ˿ʹмķŭʯ·Իɫâӿ
ʯűþ޴ޱȣ·أ͵ӰһӱͦǻɫĳɢµĻںī·ػʱ
޾Ѫᣬ볥ӻΪһƬ󣬷·ܹ֮ϵǳУˮ۷·ΪһŮԣӢ׿׿
һֻصսᣬһֻصĿɱʧ磬նЩɺ֮ˣΪۻǡվڹŹ֮ϵʯ˵
һð׹ǶѻɵĹŹرþ޴ޱȣ·һţؼ䡣
ʯ͸¶ǿݡ
Ҳ֪ǹյڻôҵһȭһΪҾͲţؼ
ӰްθߣÿһѪж̺ǿµƺܹһС
ʱЩΪ񾳺ϵĸ֣ÿ˶˵һ仰ԼʧЩǿҵĺ⣬նľġ
ǶѾ˵ˣǰз۸Լó˿ת󷨣˵ݴڣʶ


2059 ս
޾ɳǧ·Ϊһξ죬ֲսһ̼䶯˶ܵϢ
ϢӰڵѪҺڱǴʧµЩи߼Ĺ򣬺ִܶ¾Ȼͻˡ
ͻƵα񾳣кܶα񾳸ͻƵ񾳣һʱ䣬֮ϣƹһֻֻһ׵罵ٶ£ԶԶȥһ׵֮꣬ĵ
ƵۣȻôͻƣʱڸٵķչϧʱ仹̫ˣȥսȥѾΪʷʱ˵ġ˫Ŀ磬ƺԲǧﶼҰС
ˡ
ڣʧǸ޴ͨպˣЩкµľعҲֲֹͣĿռ䶯Ҳ˲١
ͨѾպϣ˶ܹܵʧϢֻҪ˺ѿռԴﵽ
ӡͨ飬һսʹִٶһս¾ʹɢӡʧᣬڡǺƴƬеֺȾÿһˡ
ɱۺȳһ֣ʮȻŴͬһĥؼ䡣
䡪
ʮڴգֱӽʧ磬۵ǵлһʧ磬һβĸ
׹·ѪΪ

飬
ƽ˷˭
·ǧ
ӢĬĬ

δħ

Ǹ࣬ʹޣŨŨʣ˶ĸųƺ˵ʱһսһӢ˭˱ѣЦ̣ʹŭ
ߡ
˺ȳһʯֱͨǸ磬һһ˽룬źüǿߡ
뿪ˮһֱӹͨأƺǸ磬ӣͺüʧ
ʯ۽һŹһӴͨʧͨϣŹؾ޴ޱȣһһ㡣
ߣ󡣡ʯһɨ˵
ãˣȥ϶ЦһӹŹ̤룬ʧʧС
һӰӹŹؽ룬ҶСΣЩһ룬ҶС羭Źصʱʯбų⣬û˵ʲô
ҶС羭ĹŹأҶС룬ʧ˵ܹһơ
䡪
ִӹŹؽ󣬾޴İ㳡ǿҲӹŹؽʧ硣
ˡ
ؼʣ޴ʯ춯һӰ֣һӰֵһɲǼ䣬·ضˡ
һӰ·أع۶ɵһ㡣
һӰʯ۵ɴ۾˵Щʲôȴû˵¶οЦݡ
߰ɣʯ˵
ʯһӰĴ£ͨŹؽʧ硣
ʤֶһ֡ʯ۳ЦһŹŹؽʧ硣
ԼԼ䣬׳ʵս贫
һ꣬
ǧźޣĥ
ٴ̤ս·
ҹնħ
һ

ֻܷأ
նͽΪ־
ڽս
ڽս
սеնɱʧЩǿߵļᶨ־ǿľġ
ʱЩӵͨ쳹صֶΣһɲǣδزֶܹͨδȥתӡǾֻΪ˶ԸʧЩˣԸػĻᡣ
ֻصĻ˭Ҳұָ֤ܹܲ۷սǻǻǶһζĲĻᡣ
ͨգΧǿ߿ʱЩʧÿ˵ĶˣƺһֶʹΣΣնʧЩǿߵʹ
ȱǱǾǸӽһҪŬأʱЩǰù
ԼЩǰҲ֪Լжô˽
ǵ۹̫ˣֻߵˣԵ磬ʧ磬Ӧиգֻǰ
ǰĹĶǣӦýҪϡ
ҶĲֶͳһ磬ǰһ̫⣬ˣҿҶȼ֮ҪȻҲᷢչô졣
һۣһ߾ʧӡĵطһиִʧ罵٣ǱĹ
֪ĻȵЩʧĸֽ磬Ȼ
ݡ
ռͻȻ飬һӰԶ٣һӰҶСһ߷һ߷Ѿ񾳳۷塣
Ҷ˶Ľһ
ҶС˵ͷգػ


2060 
ҶС뿪ȥʧֻŮ֪˶֪
Щ˸֪ҶС粻ҶСһ߷
ҶСЩҲԹԵһž⣬ͨʧƬա
룬Ƕ֪ʧǳսǶôĲң·ǹ϶ս衣

ʧ磬ޱߣ뵣ޱȣеĹҲܶأؽʵռѹܴ
˵ʧһָΪ߼ĸоƺǾס磬·Ǹʧ硣
ʧ磬һƬԭ˪ɽһߴΡ룬ﺮХ·ܹ˵꣬мűѩЩѩİ
ƬԭϣһƬɽܼ֮أɽѣֻʣһͬһСıڱԭϺɢһء
УһɫӰبžʹһ㣬Ŀɨķٰ˷һ͸һɿֲһӰȽʧۡ
տʼʱﻹ󷨣۾Ե£ȫƳ󷨵ıɽȫ顣
󷨲󷨣ĥӡ󷨣ǿĹԡ
һӰ֣ŲһʯŵˣӲˮۣкˮ۲еƵٵ۵ȵȡ
㳡Ӱɢǿޱȵƣÿսڡ
ҶСտһУҲռеоҪ·Ǹ׵Ķ࣬Ҳܶࡣ
䡪
޴ʯգ۴ͬһϣʯϣһģӰ͸ǿƥΧĹǲϻҡ
һΪ͸͸ˣȻˣεսΪɣʯϾȻվһӰ˵
˿һӰʱǼ֮ɫƺǵĹһ㡣
һӰҶС΢΢һ㶣룺ѵǽ˵ǸˣӦþˣ⣬˭ֵ˿
о̷Ҳ㣬һʯһ˵
á˵ȻͶˣգһսӡڡ
ڣڡ
ſռйսÿռΪ֮
ۣǣҲܣǲһȺ˰ˣܹӳʵڱ˪ǵ㡣ͻȻ䣬һ
һдһ˿ſͲм
ۣȶջĺܲңֻ֪Ƶļһ㻹Ǳøһſڵϡ۵ȥ
һŭ֮Զ۵仰Ǵ˶Էʹ
ɱ
һִۿбųƺΪһʮȻǰУһռ䡣
۽ںʯϵһӰˣˮۡʯ۵ȵȶ޴ޱȵİ㳡㳡ϣһлսȻʱ׼֡
ҶССǰУ˭֪᲻ᱻЩǿ߸Ӧ
ڱԭݣ紦һ޴ޱȵĳǳգգһƯеĵ졣
޴ĳĸϣĸ޴ĽɫһͷסУһͷûգһִĸоǱ˪ǡ
޴ĳУΪ͵Ķ񾳸֣ǳǰ棬ߴӰվǷ·عĻÿһڶ̺ſֲޱȵ˱ʧǿʵˡ
ۣƵʮǹǵۣƻĴĵۣԨķħۣɽϵմۣҹޱߵҹۣȵۡ
˪Уǿ⣬ûˣƺɢ޵ķǿ߸ͲںЩ顣
䡪
һ޴ı͸մڱ˪Ƕ棬۰ȻվʯǵӰ֡
Ƭ̼䣬ʱЩѾȥĸֳǰЩɢǿҵķŭ֮ǿĲʣϢƬŤ
׼˵ӡʱǻӭһ޴ĽѣΪһλûû뵽Ȼ֮ǰɫ۵ǵۿ۵˵У㣬ƺǳЩǳĹ켣ƺشĹ켣Ӧ͡
һ˶ѣ֪ܹӳʵΧ뵵Ĵĵ۲м˵
ߣһСȻҲ񣬵֪˭ͥſΪͽҸһ仰ҲգȻˡһ˵
ĵɫһһ׵ģȻǵãӡر̡
ǵ˴Ȼ»Ļᡣһ۵ķħɭɭ˵


2061 ս
ʧ磬ããԭϿգΰ޴ı˪꣬·بžʹڣصһ֣һɹ϶ɣϢɢƬռ䡣
ʮڡκšŹءӣһҲɢŹӵϢϢƺȫۺΪһɡ
ԶԶоƺɿֲϢڶԿ
ԶҶС翴Ưеı˪Ƕ࣬ǴֱʰûʲôƯƣֻƾķ޴Ľɫǳ˿С
˪Ѿ꣬ʱʶųƲ֮ǣҿ֮ǲĲ䡣ʯϣǵͦεӰ˵
Ȼ󣬵ȴһǿҵĴ͸ÿ˶
һһ˪ǳͷǿߣɫ΢΢һ䣬ĿͶ˹ȥһӰʱһɫǴ䣬һĨļɵη塣
ǸѾˣֻһƲл꣬ȻЩǸ˵ֶͨ쳹أˣȻΪ֮ɵͿ־塣
㣿Ȼ㣿ǿ϶ḩ׳ƳǣѾ˲Ϊ塣һѹеĲ˵
һӰûпǣǽĿͶ˪ǵĸ޴ɫ
֧£ҲǸöˡʯһӰ΢΢һ̾˵ǲɣ
öϣ˪ǿϸģʹͨҲǶѡۿЦһ˵
ꡪ
Ļ䣬΢ȻСڱ˪˶ؾװ
ʱ˪Ƕҡβֹڣܶ¶˺Ȼ֮ɫ
ű˪ǵĸ޴ɫ붼ѳѷ졣
Գ棬Գ棬㾹Ȼﵽ־磿۾˵¶һĨ־壬Ҳǿ־֮ɫ
Գ棬һֶعı֣˵ĻǴУת䡣
䡪
ĸ޴ĽɫȫϵųƲ֮ǵı˪Ǵ䣬ƣγǿķ籩ϸȫѡ
¡
˪Ǻݺݵ˱ԭϣһƬѩ֮ضҳһ˪ǳ׵׹˱ԭڵһ󷨣ȫѡ
ܶĻɢ
۵ȷǿߣֶڱ˪ǽʱӳǳڷ˳Щֶûüӳȥĸ֡
㲻һƲл꣬ղһķ˺ܶɣ֪ܹ֧Ŷá˵
ʯǵӰû˵վƺͶ۲мһˡ
ʮڣѹʱȳ֣޴ıһ·һ㣬ݺݵײ˹ȥ
޴ޱȵı֮ȫˣǿޱȡ
Ȼʵͨ죬ڵ㲻ˣûУ֪һܹʣ¼ɣڽ㳹ĥɣĵ¶һĨɫ˵Զ޷ĥʹ죬ҪΪ
ƻĴ磬֡ĵ۴һǰع仯֯ӿγһ磬ӵĪ֮
䡪
ʮֱѹ˹ȥǷ黯Уµ
Ƿ类ˣʮڵͷһС˺ܶࡣ
һĻĵ۴Цۣȷʵûжˡ
ȥ
ĵһ죬Իγһ޴ƣݺݵʮĳ
Ǿ޴֮ռȫΪ˻硣
ۡ
һ쳹أʮһӱһֻ޴ĵͣ
ȻˣȷʵˣѾǵ㡣ĵ۴ЦƺһĨ⡣
ҲǣһˣھȻͶѹţǶôʹһ鰡ϧһ飬۶һˣ˺˼ƽϣжϢ
ĵ۵սսĻˡ
˼ʻʯţյʮ񾳸ֱѹħۺɫ۳һħԿ
ˮһ϶û֣ǵΧǳƣ֮Կ
ʯ۽ŲȾ޴ſ򣬹Źش󿪣ܶ˾ʹ˱գҪѰҵ·Ͳܡ
մʢһ̫ӡʱһֻγɣͷſֲ
ٵۡƵۣһǿߺʧǿ߶Կ
񾳺ڸҲʧЩȺУ޴İ㳡һսݺݵѹ˹ȥͬʱ㳡ϣЩǿ߷׷׳֣µͨ
һʱ䣬ʧ籱ԭϣսִսƲʧ磬ʧ


2062 ˮ
ʧߴиֺʱЩĸսһ𣬱ŷ˿µܣھ·һӺֲ籩ؼһѷ֡
Ƭس׵Ļˣԭֱ֮ӱƣӴ˺ݺͱԭ
ԭ֮һε赲ҪӱԭݱϾ˪ǡ
ϧųƲ֮ǵı˪ǳ׵׹䣬ִսıεѡ
ֲֿսҶСǱУ뿪˱ԭȻ˵ݡ
Ȼʧ磬ȻܹоԼڣҲܹ֪Ǿ߷һģܹݹȥЩҶСһ˷ܣӣܹʧľȫݸȻܹһ
ݴϾ˪ˮǣڴĵ۵ͳηΧ
ǱһξҶС鿴ûע⣬¶ΣԼΪʾ۷壬ıòһЩҴɺ⣬˳׵׵ʧ֮ˣȻҡڵ߽ˮǡ
ˮǾ޴ޱȣǽϡĿɣЩ󣬺ܶһֶеʯֻ񾳸ֲֶͨνеʯץ
ԼʮɵĳǽϿһ·Щ·ǽȻɣȥԶγɵһ㣬ɢŹµζ仹ع໥Ӧ͡
ҶС籾ζ󷨴ʦ۹ȻܹЩ·ʲôЧ
Щ·ͻΪһ壬ΪһԲεķҪƷҪⷽأһޱȸֶΣǼʶʧĵ̡
չ£ȻܵعӰ죬Щ˵Ϊû٣ȴӵźܸߵ衣
ڸʧ֮;ϣǸ绹̫ˡҶС΢΢һ̾
ʱҶСѾߵˮǰˮţʮɶߣߴΰϣվЩα񾳸֣Щ춼ǿߡ
лǴĵڱԵһУͿʧǿ̡
ˮǣ·ΪٿԲʮСҲ˵ҶСڵе·ı
ĵ·ԣȫǹŴЩڲתһ֪ˡ
ˮڵ˺٣ΪԭǱߴսԵʣִսĿֲϢӰ쵽ǳض΢΢𶯡
ǸʱʧЩּб֪ʧͨĻʯʯüΪ˿ѹ˼¶γɡ
ʯȻγɵģȻģֻΪ񾳵ĸ֣ܹʯʯҲΪüΣ͵ʯеʯߵʯʯƷʯмΪ龧龧̺˼㣬̺ܶع˿ߡ
ֶ񾳸ֶаȻЩԲķǿ߳⡣
龧ֻз۸ܹǿ߸첻ǷǿҲ죬Ͼĺܴ
ʯ֮Ķһһ٣龧ƷʵĲܹͬһͬļƷʯٶ顣
ҶСһЩ͵ʯеʯиߵʯȻ߽һҽӭɾӵĿջ
λӣҪʲôͷ͵ȡеȡϵȣǺʽģո߽ȥһΪʥصĸְߵǰʵ
ʽʲô͵ģҶСѯʵ
ʽͷṩϺõ䣬ڸǲ˾ۼ󷨣Ҷعаװ޵ҲΪ۸ҲôһֻҪһöߵʯջԱЦ͵
öߵʯס졣ҶСֱӴӴָóöݸԱ
ԷɫȻЦٴ˵λӣΪܲضԱԭϵĿսҲΪעҪȥۿҹۿ۸Ҳܹһʱһöߵʯ
ҶС΢΢һȻ֪ǱߵսУսʱҵĹ¶ΣǸʱ򣬾Ͳ̫ˡ
οֿս̫ˣҽսķΧǸΧ⣬Ͳ
ҵĹ޷̽⵽
ҶС绨һǧöߵʯ׼ۿǸСʱ
ջķԱһֶŷˮƬһܹۿս۾ҵʮСʱʮʧ󣬱ۿˡ
ҶСûн䣬÷ԱֱӴȥ˹ۿҡ


2063 ս1
ʧ磬ԭϣ죬ǧԭǿߵսΪ漫ΪֲǶعѾԲͶ䣬һƣռ顣
ƵʮǹǵӵѾ㵽ǽһ٣˽񾳸ּȫˣ񾳡񾳵ĸҲ˺ܶࡣ
ʱЩֹȻʣһƲл겻ǲȻŷǿޱȵ
սޱȣܶʧ걻ն򱬣ɫѪҺԭγϸСĽɫϪ
ʧЩ۸ޱȣּ̧䣬ع仯γһ磬ǴͨǴΰŶԷѹȥ
ʱķǿǣƺЩ㣬ǱϾˣֻһвʵƿĲԷ
ۣʱѾȥˣҾ㳹׵ɣѾûֵĶˡĵۺƴ쳹˫ֻ䣬عƣǶԼٶֱֻ黯ʵγʵµĹ
ߣ㲻ѰҲٴγ֡
һûУֻһл꣬ƾعǿƿʮڡ
ʮ۵ƿ£ȻɣЩعȫ飬ԷͨҲݻ١
֮ˮ֮ˮ󡣡
ĵ˫ֻعۺγһƬعγһƬأ˫һ𻮶ƬһƬںһɢأֲǿɽӵΰ
γǰеתѾعõֲֿľ硣
ҪսپˣһлѾʼˡܵһĿֲ
һл껯ΪһĨ⣬û˾޴ʮڡ
һΪ顣ʮڵ˲䣬һȫӿУʮڱøӾ޴ΪǿҲʮ㡣
ʮһᣬ·һ˾޴ĳǹݺݵײ˹ȥ
䡪
µ˳ݻΰһӾͱĥˣĵ۵һӱֲػĺϰɡ
㾹ȻΪе飿Ǹӡĵ۴ֵ׵ĹȻ
˺ͷħ۵սҲΪļҡ
˾ּ䣬ˮЩͨлΪʯܹӷħ۵ĹֱͨӽĹȥ
ħʵȴĵۻҪǿһߣħϣΪ˸ָĹӰЩӰɢЩƺܹӰ˵־ʱԻγɺɫħɽʱγԨƺֻҪ׹бٲ
ħ٣һ졣
ħ۴һ˫ֻعΪƲģħΪ۳һ޴ޱȵİԲħ
˫ָ߾ħݺ£ƺض룬ħ֮ն˺ɫƺȫųˡ
˽ʯŷ·֮һ㣬һӱ˹ȥ֪ԼѾȫʤʱڵԼˣֻʣһտǶѣ˵ҪˣѾȥԼҪâ
䡪
ħſµݺݵն£ԭϳһʮ๫Ĺ֣ħɭɭƺһħԨ
֮ţ˰˲ϵƽȴ̺һֶص⾳
µʯŷ·ܹӳһһ쵽˷ħǰ˵Ҳ˲ʯǰˣ˫ĳŷħ۵Ϻݺӡȥ
ħ˫һתһԲȻƳ
ۡ
ڷħۿֲ£ʯһ˻ȥҲʧħ۸оһɴһеڣڲϵ
˵ĹΪأ˭Ҳ֪ӵʲôֶΣħɫΪѿԼɡ
ħ졣ħһͷڷ趯Ƿŭʱ䣬عħ֯һɫ磬˺ʯȫУƺҪС
ˣǶ˵أҿȻ㲻һƫŵعѣҾͲսʤһˡħ˵һ˫źݶĹâ
˵ĺܶԣȷʵһЩƫŵعϲıǽƫ棬˵˳
䡪
ʯϴſµĴ͸һӱӷħ۹ħɭɭг˳վʯͷͦΣƺԶȴһ㡣


2064 ս2
ħۺ˵ս൱ȻôսȥҲ׼սپϾҲѾȥˣֻһĨ;ʱս
սԶˮΧϣ·ܹûһУӵˮܹӰ˵꣬ҲܹӰ쵽عһĳӿƺܽһûڻ
ǵ۾ּһֳķ緶Χǳ֮ƣһſΧת
һǻع֯γǿӣֱˮۡ
ˣһ죬Ϻ˹ھƬеĹһǻȫγ̵ķˮ֡
Ϊ塣
ǵۻ˵ĸ֣˫лع򱻳˳γһݺύϸһЩȻһ̡ǻһԾ֮ϴ䣬ΪһſǳӰϡ
̶ȶʱһƴǹ
ǵվ룬ؼףͷЩǳӰڹ˿γɵϲϱãγ˸ָӣŷϵΰ
ǹóǿ󹥻ˮɫһ˵ǵ۵ֶΣʱѾʶˡ
ˮǧֻȡһư
ˮ۵ˮǵĶȴͬŭЯ֮֮ƣ˵ꡣ
ᴩصɲǼֳɣЩˮ֯һŴǵ۽¹˿߽֯ɵӦ
ǹཻ໥ײ
䡪
Ƭռǵ۽µĹ˿۳ȫѣΪӵǳӰҲ顣
ˮ۵ֱӱըһ㣬˺ܶࡣ
û뵽㾹Ȼǹݻʮءˮɫص˵֪ôһһ۵սȥȻǵ۵Ķ֡
꣬ȻֶΣ˱սپôҲҪǵ۸޴Ĵۡ
شҲܵ˼ѹƣǵΪֹͣǰֻط¿๦ǵۺƽ˵
ʧߴУֻǵصû֪ʲôԸϣ²𣬵ɱ˭˲Ϊµġ
ʯۡٵۡƵۡһǿߣ˵սҲΪңÿ˶ƴĹԷϾǲһĨʵ־ӱϣͲܹء
ʱĸֺʧĸֶսһУԲڵĿռ䶼Ѿˡ
һл𣬳ǵӡҲʧ˭ҲǾȲˡ
ʱĸҲ٣ǵѪҺأʬһأһɱһսĲ֮Ƭɢ
ƬսĿռڣۺʯǵӰһֱûж֣ƺǾһ㣬ҵĴս
˵㻹ҵʦû뵽ܹߵһĿ⸴ӵ˵
ÿ˶Լ·ҪߣԼ˵Ȼѡ·ǱǶԵģɹôҲΪǶԵġʯǵӰ˵
νĳܿܣʤ߿۸ʷ¶һ˿ŹֵЦ⣬ˣһֱܺ棬㵽ûУôֹ㣬ҲӦòȥǡ
ΣΣƬصʼǸˣΪӦعĸֱ仯Ѿ֭ʯǵӰȻ˵ƺ͸һС
ߣΪǣ㻹лվ𣿵ع䣬ûֻأûǵҲ갡ǿٴޣѾվ۷ˣ˭ԸٴС𣬸οزֻһΣڶο¾ҪعʱȻᱻعͬһ˵
벻취˻ᡣʯһӰٴ˵
ҴǸеˣǰ˳飬Ҫǣҳ롣
ʱʯһӰû˵ĿͶⷽأ˵ЩҲùˡ
Ļ£Ȼ۲ĿУֲķ籩γɣһɷ籩еĶ
ããԭϣЩɫѪҺʬ壬ȫһ𣬴Ƭʧ
ʱ򣬺Ĵ½Ҳ·磬һɫѪ꣬񾳸ֵʬ
˵Ĵֱʡ
ĮΧЩǿߣһĻһĿɿڴһ˼ĭ˫ð⣬񾳸ֵѪҺʬ壬ЩɶǺöǺ޲öռΪУҶСƣûһ˸Ҷ
ҶСһ߷Ȼ˫ĿһɨֻЩ񾳸ֽɫѪҺʬ嶼ƽֿȡһݣȻ˵ÿһһݣЩһЩоҲܹ˵ʵо˶ǿԹһ£ÿӦò˽ɣ
ᣬԲᡣ
ܶЦŸϽ̬ȻӦеһȥ


2065 ս3
ʱҶСӭɾڵĹۿУôһƵ۾ͨһ޴ޱȵˮһսҲʯһӰһӼ䣬޴ķ籩ЩʧѪʬ壬ȫŲƵ˺Ĵ硣
Ǹĸ˵һǸĿƼѾ˼ߵˮƽ˵ܹЩʬѪҺзʲôǸΪһ
ʧҶСſĵжôķȻ粻չƼڹз棬ǸͱȲϣͱ˵ǰһ޴ˮ򣬾Ȼܹͨһսʵ̫ˡ
һоҶСſˣøĿռ֮ƬռӰ˹ͶӰˮڣͺͺ¥һԭ
ȻûпƼǾȻǿֶΣ˺ͿƼһЧ
ΪⲻǸƵ磬ǵֹͣ£ҶСû뵽ǵֶȻ˸εĻۼΪӴҶСЩǡ
ʱԭǱߵսСʱѾΪҵʱ˵ĿͶǿž޴ޱȵˮ򣬲ɣƺ´ʲôһ㡣
ҶСЩ˵֪ʧܶжֶҲ˵ⳡսܶ˶ܹЩǿ߾ܹӦȴûֹһУܹЩǿҲʧĸֶɳ
һսǿ߶ڹããÿһԺУΪмĺô

ããԭ룬ʯһӰƺһ΢һ㣬һܵӡ
ɫǿ˼㣬ǰȻ˽ʧЩֵѪҺʬȫתˣһ޴ĳ衣
㡭û뵽ʱĵһ־Ȼ۳һЦ˵
ûʲôҲ飬ҶԣֻҪΥıԡʯϵһӰ˵
ߣĲΥ˵㵱ûжҪնɱһߵͷȻµһҲܿԼǼҲ㶼ˣʱװαװ壬ǸҪ𣿡ٴγ˵ƺʯһӰΪĲˬ
ҲҺһսʱˡǵӰ˵ʯͻȻըѣһɼΪصϢӿһڽǵӰڣǵӰתʵһ赲Ϳӡ
ԭһֱʱ䡣ɫѿ˵ҲãҿһƲлʵжǿ󡣡
ʽ֡
۴һһӽս״̬Ϊ֮Ӱ죬һʱ䣬£Իγһգֱӽٶ¡
Ǵѵˡ
ķ찡һĻҶС̾Ƿǿߣһعõĳ뻯ֱ似
һ֣ƺƴ𾪡
һӰվȻֻһл꣬Ȼһ޷֮Կĸо
һ¹˵֣𡣡
ͬʱһ
һⷽռеع۸ģݶµƬֱӷֽ⣬Ϊ˴ɢƬա
ȭ
һӰƳĹɫ䣬ٴһȭӳһȭ̺ϵİȭͷ֮ΧԳһƬƬӰЩӭǹγɵģЮһһ㡣
һȭ£񾳺ڵĸ֣¶ֱˣҶСҲһͽӲһȭ
ˣѵûͨһӰһ䣬дŨŨʧ
ҿա
ٴ˵֣һӡʱǰһռ䣬ȫˣһȭǡôﵽȫҵĥ
ãȻˣҾͲٱˡ۴˵񳯰ݣΪ𡣡
ϽɫâʢɽһСںƺգ˫лһɫӡûա
նعƶЩҲӿ˹һɫӰγɣΧΧ
һž޴ĽɫγɣһΣ·ֻҪȥܹ´ȨѲķĪҲӡ
һĽɫӰ۰һ£ԼԼ䣬ƺаݼ
ۻȥŽɫʱһӷˣ޴Ӱ޴Σ·ʧףŶϤǧĹâع޾
ЩһóӰٴΰһ¡
ϵϢްθߣƺѾƬյƣҪһˣֲֿϢ£Ȼңսȫʧ


2066 ս4
ͨȻݣ֪ܷܵһݡһӰƽ˵
ž޴Ľɫϵɫһ䣬ʱһֲõԤУƺʲôõҪһ㡣
ʱһӰһݣɲǼ䣬ع𶯣Ƕ
¡
ؼһ춯췢ŭˣ޴ĽɫֱӱɫͻȻһף˲ˣɴǿֲģǷǿҲܲס
ǰȻѾﵽϵľˣ˫Ŀ΢΢һһӰ˵
ǰʼǰڡһӰ˵
ǰȷʵﵽľ磬ղŰݵʱϣΪͨ쳹أҲܹһ糼
㻹ʲôֶξʹɣǵӰ˵
ߣٽôһʽͨɣɫܲÿû뵽ԼղһʽͨȻƽ˸ɾһһˡ
ɽ续Ǭ
˫ֲлˮݻγһ磬һٵصĿߣγɵһɲǼ䣬ŷ޾ΰǿƥһУعҲܹ顣
һʽͨΪ˵ãȻܹݻһ磬һԸҡһӰƺЩ͵˵
ܹһʽͨ˵ɣΪһӰվߵϣĹۡ
ҪǺѡ
һӰ˵˫ҲٵĻӶˮݻⲻǴ
ǴһһӰ˴˼໥
ֽȻ෴໥ײһ
ʱĵһˣֻʣһл꣬ʵȻ졣ɫص˵оһͷۣƺԼʲôᱻԷΡ
ÿһУƺûʲôֲĹֲͨƽⲻ˵ġ
ĶЩˣͽһʽͨɣһӰ˵ϱ˲õĹâƺΪһţƺҪʧ֡
ʱƣؿտա
ƺǴӾ֮Ͻ£С
عپ£γһʱպ˹ȥʱպ֮ƺ˱仯
ܶսǿ߱ʱպմһ˿˿˽ȥ㵽꣬ٱ㵽꣬һѰ׹ǣȻΪա
һʽǿĹɫׯأһɺӡ
˫ֿ趯һع֯γһԲεķ塣
ʱһʱճ۵λãһӱ㽫۾˽ȥ
ʱճиƺ£ǹڸ¡
ԲιķһͷڷȻףɳڡ
һĻ¶һ˿ľţоϢһҪ״ҪȻȻΪһѰ׹ǣʹΪǿߡ
ʱսҰ˻ġ
۶óĵƣ˫ֻһޱȵĹ켣γɣһ̼䣬ʱƺڵǰռأ飬˾޴Ļҡ
һӰʱճһӻ
䡪
ֲʱճֱӱ飬һζεʱճ˷䡣

ҽʱճӵЩƬеˣѸٵķ˲ϵı仯ΧĿռҲȶ·ռ֮ϻһѪۡ
ֶܶЩʱЩӡȫʧõʧأͲٶȸ
ʱѾʱճղŻӢ䣬ͬ߰ʮͷһһͷڷȫˣȱʧϲһƣΪʣ˰˳ɡ
һӰֻһιܵ˾޴ģɫѿ˼㡣
ûûҪȻôסôʱͿռ򡣡۶ǵӰ˵ƺЩЪ˹
ûʲôܵģȻնɱ㣬˻ܹġһӰ˵
ˮڣˮ˴սͼεҶСǴۼ˹ãǵϣҶСѧ˺ܶණ
һӰΪʱĵһǿߣڹѾһľ磬Ҳһ
ǵս񾳸˵һʺܸߵĲƸּսҲֻ񾳸ֲܹף߸ͿǿȥĻ¶˶ˡ


2067 ս5
ʧ籱ԭϵսֱǲҵ˼㣬һµĹâգһɹ۳ɵعɢ
ʧ˶һսǹעߴǿߵսͬʱҲǵսһЩ
ҶСҲһ˵ǴҪģֻҪܹʧЩشӿԸһ㻺͵ʱչ
һսһ죬;ҶС绹һЩʯۿ
ÿһ˵ĶܴʱЩ֣ЩֵĲл꿴ƺҪɢˣӵͲ־ķǿǷӳսԽԽͣˣƺʱǸʱиˡ
ǻӻڵ
Ȼʧ緽ʧҲܲأߴ۸ֶ˲̶ͬȵƣ񾳸֡񾳸֡񾳸ܶࡣ
˷ǿ磬ǲױնɱع򣬻иӰ£ǶԼ
սһӰģ˺ܶ࣬ҲˣʱЩֶʼƴˣʹóԼΪǿĹ
һ
ƺУ۵쳹ѾʮΪһ壬޴ֺ룬ؼʮȻΪһ㣬ɲǼʧ
Ѿ˵Ĵĵ۶ʱʱɫ䣬ǿҵΣУһ޵
ˮΪĹ˿߱ŷУΪĹ˿߱ŷֲͬʵĹ˿γһŴƺҪʮѰҳ
䡪
Щ˿ȫѣѡ
ĵڲ׽ʮڵټʮüĶǸղó޵ֲˡһüģҲֻʣ˰
Ϭһָ
ۿʮھҪüģع򣬻ڵȫƶʳָϡ
֪ʮ̺ʮ޴Ŀռ䣬ӵеΪǿȫ޷赲סεĹ
ʳָÿһϸж˹ھޱȵ
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䡪
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ĵʳָȫըѣ֣ұۣûˡ
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ϣɫѪҺû˵Ǳޱȡ
ʧҴû뵽Ҫ۵Ƭռ
Ѫĵ۴һϽӿһ䣬ָˣȴԪˣɫҰס
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˴սطԶ˴һʯɢ˹ӵĹΣƺͨһ磬ħϵħȫʯɢǿˡ
䣬ƺҪߡ
ģʲô͵Ĺ
ϵʧΪʧҲʧʧħ۴
ȻħְԵĹĹҪħ
ಡ
ħ˶ʯϣԽԽޱȡ
Ϊ񣬶ҶΪħ
ħ۴һͻȻøߴޱȣϺƣµϢڶȭգȻ߾٣ɲǼ䣬ȭǰС
Ȼ䣬һȭ£·֮ȭһȭ˾޴ʯϡ
ˡ
ʯ𶯣Χնˣһȭһӱ㽫ʯŴ״̬к˳
ǡ
΢漴һ޴ʯűˣһƬƬ˿Ƶκžôħˡ
ħҲùѾָ˹ڴڵĴĺܶ࣬ڵһֶʧս
һߣʯԣƺƴŵĹŹֱӱ飬һͷЩͷ̺ǿΪһӰЩӰͷͷƺܹʳ˵ܹΪǿ
һĻմɫһ㣬ȳĸ֣档
˫âĴֱӻΪһգգ·˵ڶ̫
Ӱӿ˹ȥ޾Żɫմ۶Χ
һХ֮ƺǵ˹մɢĹâƺһ㣬â˺ܶࡣ


2068 ս6
̡
մЩӰһȫΪգͷΪ˷ĩʧͬʱմӴԪھ
ضǹӰƺҪմꡣ
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ģʲô
еմ۸оϵȵȲϼɵ
ӵʱ䣬ڽˣЩӰȫʧŹػһ
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մһƬռвܹ뿪ƺγһεж
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մ۴һһԲεķӡʱ䣬һâǼһַԲǧǧ֮ڣûʲôܹӳƿء
ͻȻ䣬մɫӲֱˣתۼ䣬һǸӡĵ
ʯϵ˺ܶ࣬һܶ
ǡ
΢մϴǵѳһѷ졣
ء
ըѣɫѪҺ£մ۵ķѣը˿
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ʱ֮δйһսǵһսҲһΡ
մ۶ʯ˵ңңԡ
ˮ۶սǵȫ·磬ǵһλƷǿߣΪ˵͵غˮ۲Ǹ󱲣ʵͲǵۣοֻͲĻ϶ѡ
ƳѾȫɢˣʧƬռ䣬ǵ۹Ȼ˺ܶˣûԪˡ
ۺһӰһ˵һս۵ƺأһӰҲģ
ʧǿ߶ˣʱЩ˿ҲǺܺãƺҪȫɢƬռˡ
һսҶСȭͷѾˣʱƣʱЩĸԽǲ
ûʲô仯ĻһʱشƻҪˡҶС
ЩֹȻˣƲأò˶ñָʱǽ٣Ǹ˻ǻΪеͣô󣬾ô
ò˶սҪˡһ񾳸˵ƺЩźźʱЩһ˼ֲ˶೤ʱ䡣
ǰҲѾˣ֪ĸ֣ȻôǿΪ
˵ĸ֣³⣬ǰͼиûʲô֣ȥһ˶ܹǸ췭ظ
ҲǣǸû취ȣ񣬶ǲһЩҰĶɵġ
ҲҪ˵ô滹Щֵģ˵Ѿȥ˺üˣв񾳸֣ȻûǵϢЩѾ׶༪ˡ
ôܣһȺͼ˶ѣôǿʵ˵أҪ֪Щ۸ѹţ񾳸ֱضǣûںǵ棬±Ǿ֣һӹöȻ˭ԸأңҲ
ҶСһۿеЩ˷׷ۡ
ǵĻҶС鼫Ϊأһһ񣬴ܹЩ˸ͲǸе˷ƺǸһһ㡣
Ҳܹ˵ףǶڵ࣬ҶСǸ֮һЩԳ˽ɵġ
ʧЩ˹һָ߹ĸо
ԽˣҶСԽأЩ˽Ǹ磬»޴Ļң˭֪ǻὫǸ˵ʲô
ǼᶨҶСԿʧľģѾעˣǸͨŹһʧĸ֣ɱ٣Ĵ
Ҫ򣬶˲̣ì̫࣬עܹǢȥҶС뵽⡣
ֵܣģʱһһҶСļʵ
ϱҶСƽ˵
ϱߣѵǺϻڵĺƽԭһ΢΢һдһ˿ļɵ֮ɫ
ȻҶС粻֪ƽԭʲô֮񾳳ڸеĿ־壬ҶС˵ͷ


2069 ս7
ҶСͷһЦ˵ԭǴӺƽԭĸ֣ʧʧ
ҶСһ䣬ȻĿͶԲεˮʯ
Χܶ˵ĶԻ󣬿ҶСĿжһ˿ľηƺƽԭʲôһ㡣
ʱҶС˼Ųܺƽԭʲô֮ڶ˵εĴս
쿴ս˱仯һ˾е
˶ϽĿתԲˮе¾档
ããԭսַ˾޴ı仯ʱЩֶˣһޱǿǱܡ
ͻȻı仯ʧһĸ۸ֵƸˡ
ಡ
ʱЩֹͣ˹ȫ˳ΧƳһ޴ޱȵȦʧЩֶΧ롣
ʮڡʯۡˮ۵ȵȣǸվڲͬķλϣɫׯϣʱЩ֡
׼ʲôѵҪ»һսЦһʵͬʱߵǵ۴ʲôı
ǵҡҡͷ˵ѾˣԲһĻⲻˡ
ʲôˣΪģȻģһʵ
Ȼģͨʱ򣬱㿪ʼˣƺҪʲôǵ΢΢һ̾˵Ŀ˾죬ƺҪЩʲô
ѵͲΪģɫصʵ
ܣû˻ǿ㲻õģȻԤⲻԺĻǵܵвʱԻо׳֡ǵɫƽ˵
ǰһսҪֳһˣѾˣһҲνһӰ˵һĴݵÿ˶С
ЦһȷʵѾˣѵΪЩȥ˻ǵĶ֣
ǴûôΪӽ쿪ʼǻȫʧʱѾˣһЩˣӡʧƬ棬ձֵǡһӰٴ˵
ʱǣǺЦֻǵΪߣôôǹ꣬Ȼա۴Цһ˵
Ըɣһ˶ѡһӰ˵
ͻȻ䣬˫󶯳һŹֵӡܻ棬ȼһ꣬ƺգ޾˺ѳգںϡ
ʱЩҲһֵӡȻܻͬ棬ȼһ꣬ƺգ𡣡
ЩʱͻȻ䣬ȼĻ棬ʮڡʯšһĲл궼ȼÿ¶һĨļᶨһĨ׳һ޵Ĳսٴ
һ꣬
ǧźޣĥ
ٴ̤ս·
ҹնħ
һ

ֻܷأ
նͽΪ־
ڽս
ڽս
ڻȼյʱ򣬿µӿƬȫ
иоЩ۴һȫƳƬռķ
˱ǿĹȫƺҪƬصķƳ
ǵĶһΧܻдѾˡ
һո¡
¡
һ죬ⷽĿռһӱըˣݻһƬޡ
ԲˮڸʲôֻһƬ硣
ۿһս˶ˣͬʱлЩɻ⵽ôһ£ʲô
ҶС¶һĨ֮ɫѾһС
ʱЩѾȥĸѾܵʵ½˾ĽȼԼУ˲õһ
Ӵ˺ǵӡȫʧûйȥڡδ
Ϊ˸ȡʱ䣬Щ˷һУһжס
İɣò˶ãЩǿ߻ȥǡҶС
ǡ
ʱʧڣۿһսԲˮȫ飬ƺΪǹ̫ǿԵʣӰԲˮҲֲ֧ס
ղŵ׷ʲô
ߴ۸Ѳˣ
˵Ļʧ¾Ҫϴˡ
һ̫ˣվҶһľĸо
ȷʵˣһѾǵһƬռ䶼Ϊ˻磬̫Ϭˡ
·һµĹЩ˵´۶Ȼܸߣ˵жˡ
ǱˣһҲûʲô
ڸղһ˶ţƺ֪ʲô£ͬʱ˵һЩԼƶϡ
Ѿսˣ˶߳˹ۿҡ


2070 
뿪ӭɾӣҶСһԭȥҪǱߵ׷ʲô顣
Ƭϰٹʱ˶ͣһдž֮ɫƬء
ֻƬУȫ˻磬ޣһĿռˡ
찡̫ˣȻôǿĹ
Ҳ֪ߴǿڵô
Ӧúòˣ־޴ĹУǷǿ߶Ӳӡ
˶׷ۣһսǳڴŶع
䡪
ʱƿһӰǱӳЩ˶񾳸ֻ֣ʣһ˿һ񾳵ĸֶܹȫնɱ
ףôߴ۸֣ʱʵƺһ˿ɻ
ǿ϶ѾˣߵĻȻᱻնɱ˭նɱһ۸֣һٳ
ЩӻгƼΪأһߵ񾳸֣ҶСо˿Χᶨʱö
ۡ
ոմӻгЩ񾳸֣һһѪзеҡҡ׹Ӱһӵ
Ϣȫޣɢ
˭ûлһĻΧЩѾ˳Щ񾳸ƼأҪˣڴеҲܹס
ЩıҲΪԼѹƲסڵƲŵʧȥȻ
ȻҶС粢ûнЩնɱ֪ôȻ˵Ļɣնɱһ֣ʣһ֣Ȼնɱһֲһնɱһһնɱ
һ̼䣬ͷ·һ㣬ոЩ˵ꡣ
Щ˵ƶôأ˼꣬׵ǿߵҲòȥ˵ʱЩѾȥĸּƻǳɹˣشߴ
ʱΧܶߺųȵĹâһ߾񾳸ߺʬ壬Ҫ֪ЩʬǺö̺ǿй˿ߡ
ȻǶЩ񾳸ֵʬ弫Ϊȣȴû˸ҶǶ֪ߴˣ˭Ҳҵǡ
ûжúһӶ񾳸ǰЩ񾳸ֵʬ嶼ˣЩ˶ߴˡ
ɺһ뿪ˡ
ҶСصӭɾӣķ㣬ͷȻڲͬޱȿרŵңңпĿɹƹӦ
ľʵذŽɫĶƤǽԲˮǶɢŵĹâݻ߹󣬸һܵĸо
վڴǰһĿܹıԭҰΪأҶС֪ͷȻûаסˮڣܶ飬۶ܹõ
ʧ磬С˺ܶ࣬̫ãĵ̫ˣ֪ûʲôֶܹ
ڷд˲úҶСӭɾӶ㣬ǳԷĵطһλȻҪһϡ޵ĳ⣬ƣƷζͬʱЩ˵̸
ȻʱЩֵļ֪һЩǻһЩܲʧĻ֡
Ϊʧ綼ߴͳ֮£󣬲ŷҲܸӣҪӵĶࡣ
ߴͳεĵطݣҲʧģ磬⣬ĵط
ʧ磬ûжǴһϢ׼ʧŪ֮߳ˮĴ
ʱ˽⣬ҶСѾ֪ʧ֪ʧģҲΪŨĵطﱻߴǿ߰ռš
ݱǱԭԭűˣŮ϶ųŨܵİëããԭϣͷֱ治ǻǱɽ
ݶ޾ﵺȺиָĺ壬ĵȫһЩûмߴ۸ֵǿգȻҲзǿߣΪıӮۣȻûдǶ޾˼Ϊݺ
Ϸϻ֣ɽܣƸӣø͵Ұޣε֮⣬дˡ
Щ˱ʧ磬ʱʱЩǿ߽룬Щնɱ˺ܶ࣬Ķӵϻ֡
ݵããɳĮΪĮããɳĮޣ겻ĺ֣峺ѵĺа˹Ӵѩɽ
һЩɮǹͷţƺص
ʧܴҺܸӣôҶСжһУƺƬؼ䣬ֻǸ΢СˣԽһƬơ
ӵҲһεĻᣬ˵սʧڲԹ˼硣


2071 ɹش
Ϣˮд˵һսУݾȫˣߴ۸˱չأֵµһӼɡ
һӴʧ硣
λƷζơЩϺóҶСϢߴ۸µֻʣĳɺ󣬻΢΢̾һ
Ǵսߴǿ߳ǿ񾳺ڵĸ־мʮ񾳸֣񾳸֣񾳸ֵѾǧˡ
֪ߴ۸ֵлǿߣЩǿ߽٣Ʊܹɨ硣
ҺãЩֶ߳ݡ
ڣеĲߴСЩСߴ֮£ߴ۸ֱչأһЩƽ˶
οб壬޾ЩǿߣϷʵǿĮĿɮЩ˵Ǿ޴в
οߴ֮䲢һ塣
ʧڵͼΪӣߴ۸أʧ翴ƽޱȣǰȴǰӿ
ߴ⵽ش׷ױչأְѹìܿ϶ᱬ
ڶԣ绹ǷǳȫģȻʧ˵ֻҪɳ񾳺ڵĸԽգǣǶУʱЩֻʲô֣һʱ䣬Ҳȥ
ο粻һƶ͵ȵѣԶԶûôģǽע
ҶСԣΪҪԼΪڶЩ֮ìܡ
ֻҪܹ񾳴Բû˸ȥǸ磬ʧìܣǵġ
λ̨һûУҶСЩʱͻȻһ˼
̧ͷһֻһɫһʿӣӿܺͰ߸һͼӵŮŮһ˫峺۾ϵĴҶС磬ƺмֺ档
Ů֪δ
ûСҶС˵
ôǶ˷𣿡ٴʵ
ԡҶСȻ˵֣һ۷ĸ֣һα񾳸֣ûʲôвˣں
лӶҶС˵ȻŮҶС档
Ҫ˺ܶȣƣĲȿɲͨĲˣЩ̺Ϊ΢ܹΪԼ
λ̨Ҫ˺ܶˣһԡ˵
ҲãллҶСӸղŵ˼г׵˳һЦ
ѾͨһЩ⣬ԼΪеͣеʱ䣬ôô죬ֻҪģʽչŻֺ֣ܶʧ磬Ͳܹյ˵ġ
ʲôʱ򣬻ʲô˽٣Щ֪Ǿ߷ͨڣֻҪǿ߽٣ֱӽնɱǴ򲻹ҲҪֶνԷɱ
ȻǻʶǾԲܹԼ̫ѹѹк档
ͨЩȫһֳͨ飬һ˿ĺϢȫʧȡ֮޵Ļ
ŮҶСĿǺˣƺҶС͸ղЩһˡ
λ̨ҲսƬռعģҶСѯʵ
սҶСɻĿӣ֪Ӻζ
ǰձԭһսѵ̨֪ӾȵĿҶС硣
֪ѵһĴսսҶСʵ
Ǳ߽һĴսΪսǧΪƴһսһǿߡǿǵоǸ߸ϵ飬ǿսЩ˵һЩѾȥķǿߣսǲųΪսϢݵЩ¹һգʱᴫŮӽ͵
ŶԭҲعġҶСЦЦ˵
ԭһΪʱЩһռ䶼ΪޣعҲȫƻˣػָУعʮֵԣס
Ҳ֪˭ʼֵģ֮Ѿʧ硣
Уʧַ׷ǰˮ˺ܶ࣬ҺҶС磬ҪһͷҪȻֻܹҹˡ
ȻҪһһȥôӿҶС˵
ҶСҲжϳӺٳţЩ˸Ͳһİ˷롣
ҲáҶС˵ͷҲû¿ɸɣȥҲ޷οܹݣֶΪأ


2072 С۵СС
ҶСͬƺаˣϵЦݸˣܵҽˮλãСС
ССȤһ֡ҶСЦЦ˵
̨֪Уʵ
ҶҶС粢û˵ʵ֣˭֪ʧûʲô֪֣Ϊûдﵽ۷֮ǰǵ͵á
ҶҲȤŮҲظһҶС֣գŴ۾˵ƺڱղҶС˵Ȥ֮
ҶСЦЦûнʲôŮδһǸСۡ
СС֡ˮһԼãȻĿͶҶС磬Сò£ϣֲҪƽϡ
ģҲСӼƽϵġҶС˵
ҶС˵СӣССĹĵģС죬ʱʱҶСһۡ
һ߳һģһģҶСѾˣ˻Щܵ˵ʧ绹Ƕʵ
ʧ磬зǿһ񾳺ڸ򣬶ʵڸ񾳳ڸ
ˮССҲǼеΪͻƵ񾳣ֻе񾳣лҼλá
һ˼Ϊĺ󱲣ˮ֮һ˶۷֣иʮʱȥһʮǻع飬ȻΪʶĸָ
ȥˮһ˵飬ССҲ͵͵˳ûа취ˮֻô׸
߳ʱ󣬱˴սϢһ··;У˵˱ԭظոջָǶԹ
ССĿУҶСܹóССһȪ˼ΪᣬҲ֪ĸһôС۵Ů
ԼСʱ߳ӭɾӣȻűԭȥ
Ϊһսԭߵϱƣ˶Խ˲þκιؿڵĽԭ
ۣôˣ뿪뱱ԭʮĵطʱССһ
ֻԶӰۼսһƬذΧÿ˶ĿعĻָž⡣
ЩһЩһЩһЩķţϲ
Ŷ̶ʱ䣬ѾۼˣЩУײĸֶУ񾳵ĸ֣ȻĻҪǿߡ
˶ЩعҶС΢΢һ̾һսʧ罫иΪ
ҲܹĲһ˿ߵγɣƬ𽥻ָȴܹع򣬲ϧǶ񾳸ֵİС
ҶС綼ĿһЩ񾳳۷ĸߺ΢΢̾¶һĨʧ
ˮǱ߻һƬĿռ䣬ȥǱߡʱСС˵ͻȻָԶһƬĿռ˵һ˫峺Ŀ˷ܡ
ССĳƺҶС΢΢һ㶣û뵽֮ĳƺ˹죬ССȻСһ㣬˵ǸеСŮѣû뵽ֱӳƺˮ֣Ǹ硣
СʱҵԺͼֱӽ֡ˮЩε˵Щ谮ĳԼ÷ǳ۰
СۡҶСЦЦ˵
ŮӶСۣҶɲҪŶҲȻһ㵱յССգŴ۾ӶСȭв
ǹģҶСѾ˵ҶǷҶȴôУӸղӭɾʱҶС˵ֺ˼
һţһ˸ղССָƬռ䣬ƬָعĵطܽĸΪ
ߵˮССضЩָع˿ߡ
ĶҶСİСֱӱպ˫Ŀ۲Щǿߵϵÿı仯
뵽۷Ѿܹͨ˵֪еһЩ뷨ˣΪǿҲΪ̬ȻȲϴɺģսĹУҲǼΪҪġ
ʱʧԽԽ࣬ٹʱⷽУֶΧˡ
һ鿴ҶС緢֣Щ˻϶ǱһعģٶǶˣЩƬռ丽ֻˡ
һʱ䣬ҶС绹ûףΪҪô
յʱƬĿռΧλѾȫˣܹ򡣵Ǻܶ˶ռһõλÿʼìܣìܲϵڶˡ
ҶС粻ɵ׵˼֣ΪЩ˶һͬ


2073 ͻ
ʱҶС˲Ŀ⣬һжʮֽĿͶ˹ʮУ۷ǿߣͨ񾳸֣˶񾳸֡
һЩСУǶ˶ԿĻȻʧܶ࣬Ǳ㽫ĿɵСϡ
ҶСλûǺãƬغܽԸع򣬲Ǳֳ̫ˣֳΪ۷壬ˮҲ۷ΪССα񾳣ЩȻעϡ
ȻעĲôһˣˣܽǲ׳֣ǱŹ̬ȡ
عˮССͬʱ״̬ѹܶ־˶ǰ㶢ʱˮЩͷƤ飬ССѺµĶˮ
ֵܣ⡢ô£ˮĿͶҶСѯʵ
Ҫվع򡣡ҶС紫
ˮһ˹
Լ뿪Ҫǽһӳʱһ֧Уһ񾳸һɨ˵
ˮɫЩѿΪعվλøոպãԶĻٶȾͲˡ
Է˶ڣʵͲʱֻһ̡
ֵܣ߰ɣˮɬһЦ˵ЦΣСС뿪λá
ʶࡣһǸУ˶Ƴһˡ
Χ˶ܲʣƺûпһһ㣬ȻԼعԶЩûкλõ˱ſϷ̬ȿһС
ʱǸ˵ɫܲÿΪҶСˮߣû뵽ҶСûжȻվ
ѵΪԼܹô˶Կɣ궢ҶС˵֮ɫ
뿪λõˮССʱŷҶСû뿪Ǹλã½˵ֵܣϽ뿪ɣ˶ڣǸͲǶ֡
ҶСû˵Ѿ׹ı˪ǣҲ֪Щʲô
Ҫ뿪ˣѾǣûץסЦһ˵ż˿׹⡣
⻰ˮɫһ䣬¶֮ɫ΢΢ԥһ£ȻɫᶨСС˵ССϽ뿪ɣ
˵ţһ߳ҶСߣͬЩǿߡ
硣ˮҶСԣССһҲ˹ƺ׼ҶСһЩ֡
˶ߣҶСһȻǲƼˮˣΪˮȻԸһô֣治֪ˮʮɵ
úúãȻͱǲˡɫѿ
򲻵ѣǲɱ˵ģϾʧ̫ˣ˭֪Ǹ˱ûǿһնɱһˣǸо޴ıôһɥȮһš
ǰ˸ҪȻͲҪºˡ
ɱ𣿡ҶСŤͷˮ
ǿԣһ˵ȥնɱԷ಻ǴУһѵһܷʲô飬л͵ءȻɻҶСΪҪ⣬ˮ˽͡
ҶС˵ͷѾЩ˵̣ŲܶԷʲôɱ˾ɱˣȫһʧʵ
ʧӵ磬ҶСûͷ֪ôʲôط֣ε¼ҵ˷ҪϣʧһƬơ
Ժ޹˼ɵ£׵ͷԼ顣
һǸСɫѣԵ¯˫Ŀ΢΢һУ˵
±۷ҶСǳ
ư磬ֻޱȵޣⷽռƺƶƺһռ䡣
о񾳸ֵĿƣˮŤͷҶС˵һ赲סǵĹһסǣ㽫ôߡ
ˮĻҶСԥĵ˵ͷ˵á
ιôҸȥ»ġˮҶСĻС۵ССʱˣĹĵĶҶС磬Щί
ΪҶСһǳģΪҪԼĸƨɡ
ҶС絭һЦûнͣʱԷĹѾˣȫϢǰ̤һƮɵĸо˵


2074 ׼ִ
һҶСһӳǿǰǴԼǿĹҶС̧¡
Ȼ޹ԣԶۿ񾳸ֱܹӴع򣬶عƿ̫ǿˡ
ۡ
۷ֵԴӣôѣɫѪҺ£ǲԴˣϵֱӱնǳ׵
ء
Ƶǵʬããԭϡ
һ̼䣬ƬһƬž˶ع״̬˹һĻһɴ۾
ּն۷֣ǳֵĻһ۷ˣ̫Ԥϣ𾪵˲Բһֱ˵
һ֧ĸһͷƤ飬ͷ϶亹񾳸ֱԷһ˲նɱЩܹԸ˶ԷǶ
ǿ̫ǿˣعƿ̫ǿˡ
ѵͲ񾳸֣ǿߣ˵
ǰɣҲѾ۷ˣʱܹ񾳡
ΧղŻһЩֵСһǵС˼ûٸҶҶСʲô뷨
ְɣҪȻǾûлˡҶСĿһɨǸСУʣЩ˵
˶һȻǱΪ¾ôˣû뵽ûнǸʼǸֻ۷塢ʵǿ˵ĸ־Ȼ׼Щȫնɱ
㡭㵱ҪЩ˶£һ۷ɫѿʵ
ҶСĵ˵ͷƺɱ˸Ͳʲô飬ⲻһܲѡ
ѵͲı𣿡˸ʵ˵ѾʶҶСʵǿǲΪԼܹҶСĶ֡
ҶСҡҡͷ˵Ժˡ
ҶСѾѻ˵ˣˮſڣһֹӣҪȰ˵ҶС磬־ԼȰ˵ס˱ûп˵
һСɫǳѿ
Ƿˣ˭ܹնɱˣǷұлʱСУһ˵ڵĸ֣ź⡣
ңǸڶޱǿķң
ǸңҪΪû񾳺ڸѾһˣкܶ񾳸֣еǲӿ֡
ܹһ¼壬Ȼ㹻ĵ̡
Χֶܶ۷׷ףͬʱһЩ񾳵ĸִ
̰˵ıԣÿ˶ӵ㹻ԴԴ޵ģֻһЩЩҪõЩԴ;һǼЩ壬ڶԼһȥѰҡ
񷮼˸һͷŵԣ˺ܶ˵Ĺע
˵ʱˮɫ˱䣬ϽҶС紫ֵܣǿӵжʮ񾳸֣ײ߸Ƕ壬һ񾳺ڵĸֵĻһУҲǿĴڣǻ˰ɣǸǲ𡣡
õģûµġҶС紫
ҵˣ̫ˣϣСǸбһܹһСͻӵжʮ񾳸ֵļ壬ʵ̫ˡ
Ƿҷʢƣźܶ˶Ӧ˵ҵ֣һԾŶֻҪܹնɱˣǷһʮַıꡣû˳ͷٴ˵
Ȼܶ˶̰ҵĽͣǱȲͿ˭֪ǸǲǷҵˡ
仰ܶ˵Ŀʢֺܶ˶˵Ƿҵ
˵ʮʥ۷壬ʱǿĺ䶯ǽߴһ
ʢƱΪҵϣһϣ
ôһ˷ܶ񾳸ֶǸС忿£ƺҪһԿҶС磬һЩ񾳸׼ˮ㡣
ҶС羲վһУƺȴʲô
ھ޴ջ£ܹ侲ķջѡ˳֡
ûټҶС絭˵ʮ֣ԤϵҪٺܶࡣ
Ϊһ죬Ըô˲ɣʢ˵
Դ֪ǷҷʢƺС佫ʢƵ
֣ҪɱҪû˿ôŵɱˡʢ
䡪
һӰҶС˹ϱ˿µƣⷽռ䳹׵Ļ
ٶֵŭΧܶ˶Ͻ˿
ʮֵ£ҶСȻվƺûһ˿ѹ
һĻܶ˶ɵҶС磬һ۷ôƵѹ£Ѿ麹ֱðôƵᣬǶ˺ܲ򵥡


2075 ɱ
ΪԼһ仰ȥʢ¶һĨ˶ʱ̧ͦͷƺԼƿ顣
ĿͶҶС磬¶һĨҶСѾǰˣΪҶСܹԸô֡
ٶֱƣֲޱȣƺƬض˹ƬضҪ𣬻ΪһƬޡ
ҶСʵѾﵽ۷壬Ͳ˿۷壬ûб¶ԼʵΪȻΪ¶۷壬ΪһЩ鷳
ʱ򣬷ҵ鷳ôȻɳ۷񾳳ڵĸ֣һܹնɱһЩˡ
ȻǾԹˡҶС˵ǰ̤һʱ䣬ƺͬʱһƵһ·˵С
һӰ£ٶϱϢ΢΢һ٣ЩλζƺҪе£ĵȥǾͶˡ
ΧܶΪ͵ˣԴκġ
ʱУҶСһΣʱ䣬ҶС֣һӳٶȺС
ҶС˺ֵܶĹǣЩǻҶСѾչޱȵĹ
һƻĳеǿǴһ飬Ҳڻˡ
תۼ䣬ʮҶСС
ҶСһɱһˣƣֱָָӵ˶ԷüģԷüıɢֻʣһ
ʱѾ׵ɵˣܶ˶۾ƺǰһĻġ
Ƶ̬ǴݲȻּһƣÿһ˶ݡ
ˮССɴ۾𾪵ĿһĻ
⡭⻹۷ĸ𣿡ʧ˵
ȻΪ񾳸֡
пܣûǸ۷ܹնɱͳһĸ֡
ҶСֳǿƵһ棬۷׷ףԶһЩ񾳸ֶ¶һĨ𺳣ž⣬ƺҪҶС翴͸ô۷֡
ʢɫѿΪҶСôֵΧ¾һֻôڿһͷͻȺûа취赲
һ߾ʬյ£ʢ⣬ҶС罫ЩȫնɱôȻҲһڣԷڶԸˣߣС´
Ѿ⣬ʢΧЩֲ֪䣬ȥûע⵽һֱӻΪһ磬ʧؼ䡣
ǸСӾȻˣ
ȻҪˣٲܾûˡ
ˣôֶΪ˶
ʱ˿ʢˡ
ʢƵһùҶСЩҲܵͷǱΪ˵õҵĽͶսģˣЩսȥʲô˼
ܡ
ܡ
ͻȻ䣬һ˺֮Ժȫ˶ʱûˮ㣬һ˵л
ܶ˶ɥʧս⣬ͷӬһ㣬ܡ
ˣҶСЦһ˫лͬʱóԼ츳ߵƬռȫҶС֮С
䡪
ҶС̵ƬռɲǼ飬еĸڿռŤ£ȫ飬һ飬Ŀġ
ҶСûЩĿͶ˷ʢܵķһ죬ǰĿռ䱻˺

һ˺ѿͨдǷʢƵ
ʱʢƵӰͨб˳ͷɢңһɫΪɫ·֯ĳϱһѪۣǱޱȡ
ܰ㲻رһΪǷҵжôڿҲ̰֮ͽѣôΪ𣿡ҶС綢ŷʢʵ
ҶСһʣΧܶ˿ʢƵĿⶼм⣬ˣ˭ԸΪȥ
㡭Ҷ֣ѵͲǷ𣿡ʢɫŵ˵
ѲǷܹʧһ죿Ȼܣֺξ֮УҶСЦһ˵
ҶСô˵ˣʢһĵݶˣңͻȻ䣬бųһ⣬ɫȻҪҲù
˵ţʢʮǧëſһɹӿڣ˱Ƥһ㡣
𣿡ҶС˵һ䣬һƣʢ˲䱻׳һըһ㱬ըѪԭ
һžôˣǵϣҲ¾ʹ˶Ͼ


2076 ħ֮
ʱҶСΧԲʮڣûһӰٶеĲУûʣ¼ŵˡ
·ıԭϣɫѪҺЩֵ֫һأΪѪȣ̡
ΧЩһҶСĿͶ˱䣬мɵо֡
ħͷһħͷȻּնɱôǿߡ
ǽȥս⣬һսˡ
һôˣ˿ɲٰԺѹˡ
ҶСһնɱٶ֣һסˣЩ񾳸ֿҶСĿжһ˿ļɵ
µĲҶСʵ޷졣
ղЩˣȻһλϵܺõˣԷĺǰôȻǿ߶ԷԺҪٵǸ˵׷ɱ
ղŵŵǵϣǾԲҶС޼ɵĽôնɱ
ʱˮССɵҶСߡ
ֵܰһնɱôˣԺд鷳ˮһɫĿҶС磬ҶС絣ġ
Ҿϲ鷳ֻҪ˸Ըңһ鷳ò鷳ҶС絭ȻһЦ˵ƺͲʲô顣
Ҷ񾳸𣿡ССĿҶСʵ
˵أҶСЦЦûشʵ
ҾӦǣҪȻҲܶԸô۷֡ССԴһ˵
ҶСû˵ֻЦЦԼΪҲȥǲˣ佫ԼʵΪ˵ȥ
˵ȥ׷ɱٶڸˣ񾳺ڡ
λʩɱ̫ˣȥ»׹ħʱһһƽ͡
ҶСȥֻһ£ŴЬͷ׵ꡣ
ϵϢǳȣһֽ̻µĸоĴ磬ҶС֪ĮĿɮЩ־ǳᶨսǿʢء
ǰɮΪ񾳣ǸոͻƲõӡ
ʲôħоɮ˼ҶСȤѯʵ
ħһ˵ı̰Թȵ֧䣬׹ħʩɱ˲գۣѾҪɱ֧䣬ò˶ɱ᳹׵֧˼룬Ϊ߱ɱĿħɮһƽ˵·Ǿ˵Ψһ顣
ɮĻΧ˶ʼһҶСָָ㣬Щɮ˵Ļ
СС΢΢ͷƺ˵ĺеˮüͷɮȻ˵Ļеܾʲôס
ŶôʦΪβܹնɱҶСϴһ˿ʵ
ͷǰĮһطԿʩеɱɮ˵
ҶСЦȻ󻺻˵ʦҪĽ壬ҲӦӰʱЩ̸֣Ц䣬ҷô˵Щ񲻶Ǵħͷ巢ΪʦôͷҲնɱôѵ˵ʦҲǴħͷȻʦǴħͷкʸƣ
⡭ɮһӱҶС˵Զԣɫøһɫþ˵ʩ
νħһ˵ÿжиָӵӰжЩ˵ɱһʣⲻеĻɶѣǿ֧һУعҲһ㹻ǿ󣬱ԴصΣعһǱڲҪɱңұɱˣبŲĵʦˣʲôڵĽ廹ȱݵġҶС绺˵
СɮյǳʩĶ֣ʩһĮǿԹͬдһ¡ɮ˵
áҶСͷӦ
ʩСɮȸˡɮҶСһ˵ȻʧƬռ䡣
Χܶ˻ҶС磬ɮ˵ĻЩɻ󣬶ĿͶҶС磬ƺҪʲôȴûʳ
Ҷôž˵Ķеǵ˭˵ĶԣССյ˵¶һĨʡ
˵ĶԣҲ˵˵ĲԡҶСһĪ˵
ǶԻǴСССץʵһ˫ĿݺݵĵҶС磬ƺҶС粻һ𰸣Ͳݡ
ҸղѾ˵˴𰸣ÿһ׶ħ⣬˵ȷģ˵Ǵģҿ˵ȷģ˵ǴģԼжϵĻͻ˵ĶǴģȷġҶС͵
ССԺģǵ˵ͷ
һգҶСע硣
һ˾ּնɱٶ֣ɫ䣬ǽڶս
һڱӮΪó۵Įɮ


2077 һȥ
ҶСһնɱ񾳸֣ÿˣ˶ҶС統˴ħͷǽΪ̵顣
ƬҶСѾû׼ȥıҪˣƬеعûãҲֻ˷ʱ䡣
ҶС뿪ˮССҲ뿪˶ΪҶСһģ뿪Ļ˭֪᲻ŭ
Ƭȥˮǵ·;УССǺ֮ɫĿҶС磬ƺҪ֪ҶСΪΪô󵨣Ȼնɱôˡ
ֵܣҵ㻹Ҫ׼ˣΪǣǻԸ㣬ƿǿĲƸǿԸԴͣĻƱػԸ㡣ˮ˵
ãܹһƬơҶС¶һ˿ĪЦ⣬ƺͲʲô֡
Ҳǣݣߴ۸Ѿ˱չأΪߵҲ񾳺ڸ֣Ȼ񾳺ڸֵĶ֣ܻûġ
ҶСĻˮһ֮ɫƺ벻ҶСΪҪֵô
ҶѵССͻȻʵó⣬ûʲôܹҶС޼ɵ
ҶСһȻ漴ЦЦҡҡͷǸƣҲΪѵǲҪϴһ𣿡
ҶС統Ȼ˵ԼΪӶû˹עǸ磬һ԰Էչڻˮ㡣
ҪϴһΣˮظһ䣬ȻһûҲ롣
ߴ۸ͳµݼޱȣûи֮ģЩ׳־ǵʵûдﵽǿߵľ󣬶ڵ͵չԼװ
ҶСǵһ˵˴治Ļ
ֵܣ뻹ǡ˸Ͳ룬뷨ӦԼΪȥˮӦ˰죬һ˵
ССҶСĿǺˣδ֮벻ֻǾҶС˵仰ơ
Ǻǣǵ׷ɱҿһĥԼҶСЦЦ˵
ֵܼȻѾɴ뷨ˣôҲͲڶ˵ʲôˣϣܹɹıĸ֣ȻݿʢڲѾࡣˮ΢΢һ̾ƺ뵽ʲôĿҶС˵ĮǱߺأЩɮӵ߷ǳֶΣֵܣ㻹СΪòҪǴ򽻵
˵ֶܶȥĮǱ߶Լǣܶ˶ʧˣһЩҲ˿ɮеһԱãã޼ʵĮУ֪˶ʬǣҲ֪˶پ
ˮ˵ĮĿɮҶСҲ¶ı飬ʹӸղɮϣҶСܴһϤϢһϢ͹ϵϢеƣ귽輫Ϊ˵ÿһ仰ƺܹ˵꣬˵Ĺ
ղҶСֶͬνб⣬˵Χ˶ᱻԷȾΪԷ˵ĺеܹĮԲ򵥡
ģһעǵģȷʵܲ򵥡ҶС˵ͷ˵
ûжúǱصˮǡ
ˮССǲŲýˮǣˮѾû˿շҶСԼסĺͷС
ҶСסĺͷ˶һ𾪵ı飬ﾹȻڼסĻҪݻ߹
Ǿס°ɣÿҪĻרŵҡҶС翴˵
ˮܹһЩССŮӴǸСŮһ㣬Ϲת߿Ǳ߿ƺΪһ㡣
ССϹתʱУҶСˮ˽ݸСķֲһЩȽϳĸֵ
ȻˮҶСܲϤоޱȡ
ҶС˵ԼǶ޾Ǳ߹ģСʦܲϤ
ˮûлɣȻҲỳɣϾǺܳġ
ˮǴһʱ䣬ҶС뿪ˣԼһ뿪ҽķѡ
ҪߣһӭӭЩǰԸˣһ·עͽˣٴˮСƿССĻ⡣
ԼҪȥˮҲԼҪ
ÿһ˵ĵ·ͬûбҪΪԼ˸ıԼʵĵ·


2078 ˸
ӭɾӶͷУˮССϣ߳ңǷֺͷвûҶСӰɵɻĲѡ
ףˮҶ٣СС۾ɨһͷʵȻȥ
ˮüͷ˼ûشСС⡣
ʱССѾߵҶСſڣһžʹˣûйرա
ͻȻ䣬ӿҶСӰ˿УһӰһۣȻ󻺻˵Ѿķѣǻס죬ˣףгɡ
ϣӰʧһĻСС΢΢һ㶣þòͣܲ˵ߣȻ뿪ˣ治ѡ
ҪԵĵ˺ܶ࣬ǲʺϸֻΪۣңвǾУһôİɣˮ΢΢һ̾˵
ӱԭˮ˼˵г̣Ҳ뿪ֱ뿪ҶС磬ҶС鷳ô˵ĻƺЩ壬ҶС̰뿪ģû£׼һһû뵽ҶСȴˡ
ߣǸһﲻ塣ˮһͣȻССѾô£Ȼˡ
Ҳ׼߰ɣȻѾˣǣ»лһЩ˽ϡˮ˵ȻĬĬʰԼĶ
׼̱뿪ˮǣȻߣԼȡܹͻƣͻ׵Ҫβǽʵѡ
ԤûдСС뿪һʱ󣬱˲ǺҶСһסӭɾӣȵиܽӭɾӺŷѾȥ¥գûһˡ

ˮ߳ҶСоԼ˶סˣȻеˮƽܸҶСȻܹ֡
ûдݾߣװûзֵӣôô֪˶ȻǽΪܹһ飬׼õˡ
ҲãҵЩ˺ֶ֪ټһ֣ܹնɱˣĶ
УĿĺȷҪȥݺϻĽӴĺƽԭһѪȵĳ˵Ϊҵĵط
ܹԭϵı壬ܹĮڶɮܿľȵȾֺ޾кˮ
˵ʧΪӡţ񶼴ڵĵط
ɱ¾ĵط˵һ̤룬ͻᱻԵ޹ʵնɱûԭܹһģĺ֮ͽ
ҶСĿĺܼ򵥣ʧԼһϾҪʧ糹׵Ķ⿿һ˵ǲеġ
ͳԣƽԭѵѡߴ۸ֶѹƲסҲ޷쵽
ڶҪ֪й֮ˮ䣬ˮĿе֪Ҫ̽Ϣƽԭõѡ
ڷң׼鷳ĸ֣ȫһ·ǲįϷɣ
λݴضķǵ۵ͳηΧ
ǷڷԲǧʮжǼиֲ񾳸ǶʮһЩһĵ̻ҪǿźǼûһ񾳺ڸ֡
ΪԵʣǷҲûнһ
ΪʢƵĳ֣÷ҿϣǾĵʢƣ÷ʢͻƵ񾳺ڣǷҳΪһ
ϧոһجĴʢƱնɱ˱ԭһϢҶˡ
ҸۡһֺĴڣ񾳸ֶۼһһɫޱȣƺһꡣ
ڣһλλڸ֣һȻӵڸ֣Ǿ޴Ļ۰һЩһҲֻĸڸֶѣ֪ҵ̵ǿ
ʢû˸󱣻˽յĽϣһڸ΢΢һ̾˵˵Ļ⡣
ʢһγȥǰһɳڰб󱻷ʢƾܾˣ˵ͱҪһսһЩ鷳һֵĻбڳɳΪ
ʢƵĻԥ˺ܾãͬ⣬÷ʢ˵Ĳ޵οǰγȥʱÿÿΣգʢܹΪģе˸ûг֡
ΪоʢѾԶһˣͬ⣬û뵽һͬ£ǷҵϣȻնɱˡ
ʾǷҽûϣһˣϣıĥôܹŭ
ÿһϣһһ󣬱ܺߴǿߵĴӣԴȵ϶о޴ĺô


2079 Ҷ
˵ЩʲôãʢǷҵҲ׵Ķˣڲ֪жٿǷҵЦ˵亮⡣
ʲôˣȻɱǷҵˣȻҪ޴ĴۣǷϰѪҪһҧ¶ݶ֮ɫ
ڻûжֵȷϢǷҵǻ˴Ϣġ˵Էһնɱٶ֣вǿߣɴ˿жϳԷ񾳵ΪǱɳ񾳸ȥҪȻɳٶˣҲᱻԷնɱұߵһɫص˵
վһ飬Ҿɳ񾳳ڸ֣ʮ۷֣ͬʱͣ˭ܹնɱԷôõǼĽ͡
ǵոսɫͻȻһ䣬漴¶һĨɱ⡣
峤ʲôˣһ񾳸ʵ
˶ĿͶˣƺ˿֪ʲô
ղŵõϢնɱʢƵ˽Ҷ˺أСϢ˵˿ںƽԭţǸ޷죬첻µزµˣĮЩɮҵĿǰһ·϶ȥӦ׼غƽԭ˵
峤ȻϢǾͼϳˡһ񾳳۷ĸ˵
ãȥɣ鱨һרŴ̽Ȼ󴫵ݸ㡣˵˵㣬ɱȻ
峤񾳸ֱ뿪Ǵ˼ʮ񾳸֡
Щߺ󣬷峤˷ͨ棬һɳּҶСһһ
ڷҿʼжʱ򣬻кܶһŭ֮ɫҶС׷ƺҪҶСնɱ
ˮ˵ٶ֣ÿ˶ȻһЩϵõĴڣЩԼѱնɱû˵׷ǰ
ʱʱ䣬ڷҷ͵񣬺ܶ˶
ΪҶС磬ʧ磬ܶɢޣкܶ˶˳ǶնɱҶСӷһȡԴ
Ͼҵ̷˭֪ǵõ˶ٺö
ıҶСһ飬ĴҶСε˵ãֵնɱٶ֣озδϣ⻹ҶСĮɮŵĻ˳ȥ
һʱ䣬ܶ˻ڰҶСݣϧֻ̽ҶСںƽԭйҶС飬ȴͲ鲻
һֱߵҶСȻҲŵ˷˵ֶܶ˵ʱҶС¶һĨЦݣƺ˵˺ܶҪʱ˷ܡ
βȻû뿪ҶСҲһֱûж֡
ѾУҶСûͣȻžȵٶϷ߶ȥ
𣿡ոշһƬǺܹʱҶСͻȻ䣬ͣ˽Ų¶һ˿֮ɫ
ಡ
Ƭ̼ʱ䣬һִ˷׷ЩΪ͵Ķ񾳸֣мոս񾳵ǿߡ
ҶСĿһɨİٶ˽ΧסЩɢǿҵս⣬̰֮ɫƺ뽫ҶСץסնɱȡ޶һЩ˴ΪһЩȥĸֱ
ڱԭնɱٶֵķҶһ񾳳ڸվھ޴ľˣӸĵĿҶС磬ƺЩҶС硣
ҶСģʱѾݵÿһУ´ʱ˿̣ҶСʧˡ
ҾǣǶǽҵ÷͵ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һУܵʵ
˶Ϊ˷Ľڱ˳ѡ񾳸ָҶСһ͵Ŀһǰһ㡣
Ҷһնɱٶ֣ݣҿ㻹־ܰɣ˵ܹһҪȻɱǲһ񾳳ڸ˵
ôҶС糰һЦ
ҶСɫΧ˵ɫ̫ÿǸоƺˡ
Ҷѵ㻹һ˶ԸôֲɣȻ㼫Σǻܹжϳ񾳸֣񾳸⣬˭ôܹͣһնɱôͬһĸ֣ǵĶҲ񾳸֣Ļ͹ԹԵ־ܰɣ
İٶˣߺߣǧܹҺΣǲһԱ̭ĲƷѣΪʲôĸ֣ڿһ߹ҪõҾ޶ʽ𣬱Ҫ׼ҶС˵
ҶСſĻΧЩͬһʱ֡


2080 ·;ɱ¾1
İٶͬʱ֣ϢգҰƺҪƬ˺飬Ƭֻ죬Ҷ졣
ҪʼսˣҲ֪᲻ᱻնɱһֱҶСŹʶ
ɱһŭȺƺһӽİٶֵϢһɣҶСѹȥͬʱһָıعһգǲҪˣҪˣ˵ͼ۸˸ߡ
İٶ񾳸ֵĹҶСΪģԲڵĿռ䶼ˣȻдԣڱԭҶСһնɱٶ֣ܾԹʵ϶ٵĳɷ֡
Ϊ˶ԸҶС磬ĵȴֱۼ˺ֺܶǲž֣ӰոһЩ
һµĹƺΪƺҪҶСŲơ
ҶСһʱ䣬Ƭռƺ֧ŲסҶСǿǣ΢
ʱ䣬ƬռҶСĽȫʧˣ˫лΪĪع˿𶯣عγɵһ顣
ʲô
һĻ˴󾪣Ƕû뵽İٶ񾳸ֵϹȻҶСֻƳˣʵ̫ˡ
ҪȣעһȺƷҶСЦһ漴ʧԭء

һӣһҽֻһ񾳺ڸڻѪʧ࣬Ȼǹ˻Ϊޡ
һĻÿһ˶һļƤǺ⣬˵Ŀ־壬һ뵽ҶСĿǰһˣİٶˣ
ϧע˿־ÿʱÿ̶Ҫǵͷ
һҽոսתۼ䣬ϵĲҽʮ񾳸˵Ƥ»Ϊޡ
ҳбսһ
һ񾳳ڵĸֺҲһ˿ĿֻţȻǷŭҶС֣ǸͲ׽ҶСӰ
ߣֻҲ˼˵ڣҵ˵ҶСƺ˷һ㣬ûܹжϳҶСλá
·һħոһ
ǡ
մһѣȻΪһƬƬ¡
תۼ䣬ҶСеĸ־ʹﵽʮܶıϢ䣬ǲ֪һ̼Ƿͻֵǣһ˳뷨
͹ȻˣҪȥ
ʮսȫʧһ񾳸ɫޱȣ֪ȥͲǰ취ܿᱻҶСնɱһɶ
˶ΧһԲȦж񾳸ִһ
仰Щʧȥ˷ĸ֣ǿϣһ㣬Ͻ񾳸ֵĻȥ
ʱ䣬Щ˱ΧһԲȦ
һõͣҶС繥Ǹˣߵ˶ᷢҶСӰȻ󹥻ҶСĶ
ԲȦγɺҶСγΧƳԲȦġ
ΪΧһԲȦҾͶԸ𣿡ҶС糰˵¶һĨӡ
ɲԣԺ֪֡ղΧԲȦ񾳳ڸ˵
䡪
£һ֣µĹâγһƥƬռôǿĹ飬ΪһƬ硣
ǿʼƺûпҶСܡ
ûл
𣿡
ǰһƬ磬뵽һĿܡ
ʱ䣬Ƭռָ˹ѾʧȥҶСӰƺҶСҲˡ
ѵѾˣ˲ʵƺߵˡ
һܹնɱٶǿߵĸôģСĵ㣬϶ʲôط񾳸˵
Ϊ񾳸֣ȻзȨûиоǹϢ˵Էû
ǵֶΣֻôһֶΣҲնɱңͻȻ䣬һм漴ҶСӰٴγԭĵط
ҶС֣ܶгһĨУǷǸκβ˶Է
һɣҶСĿһɨƺÿһ˶һۡ
ռҡ
˵ĸ֣ͬʱйâ粦ƬռеĹ˿һ㡣
ˡ
΢ƬռȫףǱֵԲζ鳹׵ıˡ
ʱ䣬ҶСٴζˣһ
ָ飬ָ
һĻ񾳸ָϽһĽ
ָƨٴҪʵ̫ǿˣֶι죬Щ˸ͲǶ֣뿪һִͬʱΪһ⣬ƬأȻʧ
ǻᴫȾģֵܣúܶĿ־ĸֶˣһ˷ȥҶСĹ£һ


2081 ·;ɱ¾2
ûǸ˲Щµˣ׻˵úãԽԽ
һƬռУЩǰնɱҶСĸӵӣֻʣ񾳳ڸ֡
ܶߣ񾳸ɫҲסˣǳѿʵҲ뿪ݱܷâϾҶСʱֳսҲûаȥӦԣ񾳸񾳸ֵĽǲһ˵ͷǸʵ߳Ǻܶࡣ
ʵͬ˵е񾳸ˡղЩųһԲȦ񾳳ڸֶҶС˵
˵⻰ǲѾ񾳸֡ҶСЦһЦ˵ƺЩζ
˿ȻһŸĹΪҶȻʵǿ󣬵ǿ񾳸ֵĹҲ˰ɣǸʱ׷ɱ㣬һڹԹԵĸȥңҵΪķһ
⻰ɵȥɣҲֻɵӲŻ˵ĻҶСЦһ˵
ɣҿǵʵ
Ȼˣͱ˲ˡ񾳸ɫѿ
ա
һ񾳸ִһʽͨƬأƺһʧ磬Գɾһռ䣬һعµģȫƶ
پ¡
һȼգ˿߶ȼҪҶСȼճһѻңһֹȼյĻ棬żµĸ£ؼΪֲĻ档
ǧ
һʽͨһƺؼѹһǧֲֿѹƺҪѹѹ⽴һࡣ
ѡ
һȣƺһε˿ⲿڲҶСоƺҪ˿иϸͷꡣ
һ
һ񾳸һֵնɫâϣŷ˻ƺܹеâҶС綼оڵ֮ƺϨ
񾳸ͬʱ֣ԴԼΪǿ֪ͨҶСǿޱȣȻһֱǿ¹
ǿĹҶС綼оЩ𶯣ʧĻȷʵ£Щ˴ͨԼع򷢻˰ٷְ٣֮
Ȼǹǿ󣬵ǸͲҶСĶ֡
ǿĹҶС绺˵һ֣
һƺذ壬ǳڳɷףع𶯣ǿ߿µĹȫʧˡ
ʱҴҰ
ҶСϲԵĮ飬˫лƺʱ˿߶
һɵĹɢ񾳸֣ʱ䣬񾳸ͦεͣһͷڷ׷漴Ϣ࣬ȡһա
ʱ䡭ʱ㾹Ȼʱ򡣡һ񾳸𾪵˵϶ɳƣÿ˵һֱһݡ
ҶСʱͨ£񾳳ڸ֣һӳ˾ҪײĵˣϸϢΪУѾʬߡ
һ־ǲŴӷĹĸоһ㡣
ɣ
ҶС˵漴ĳһƣӿռ䶼˺ˣһһģ񾳳ڸ飬Ϊһg׵ʧƬؼ䡣
նɱ񾳸ֶҶС˵ûʲôƺⲻ΢顣
ҶСһʱȻʱ̫ˣ񾳳ڸֶԸֻڸֲܹѹסˡ
һսͷ˽ĿҶСĿֲҲ֪ҶСʵǿ
ֲܹһնɱٶ֣Է鰡
ôãȻٿһսǲӦóˣͻȻ䣬һؼ
صĸ⻰಻סļӿмֲ
˵Ӧòܰɣҵ֮ôͲܷңѵˣڰеĸ롣
ô𣿡ҶСЦһȻĿͶ˹ĿķȻķ
֪ԼѾ˼ҿٲ߳Ļֱ
㡭ʲôʱ֪ңȻҶС緢ֲ֣ûлţһ򾲵˳̹ȻҶС硣
㿪ʼңұ֪ˡҶС绺˵
ȻѾ֪ˣΪλҸţɻҶС硣
ûָôǰ𣿡ҶС絭ʵ
һһ


2082 ٴ
һжģӰ߳ĸһҶСʵ
Ѿ֪ҵĴж·ߣѾûüֵˣ԰ĵ뿪ˡҶС絭˵һǿƴϱиٵĸУƺֻҪһͷܹƿضԷˡ
ȵȡиٵĸܸϽ˵ƺЩ֮ɫ
ôʲô飿ҶСʵ¶һ˿ͷ֮ɫ
ΪҪôնɱ˹ĸֵΪʲôѵΪһԷʵ
ҶС絭һЦûлشһâиҶСĸڵƬռ·ǲһ飬ֵɲǼķѣɫѪ¡
һսƬҲˣЩľ̲ȫΪĩͳΪһ
ƬȾѪҺĵ棬Щֵʬ壬ҶС¶һĨЦݣҲֻ֪ʲôı仯
˵ţΪһ⣬նС
ҶСôսʱŷǿǾһЩˣЩ￴صѪʬʱɫɵһ䡣
찡⡭⵽ô£
ֲҾ徵ֻںƽԭŻ֣ѵƽԭһλħͷݣ
£̫ˣɴܹԷʵԴﵽ񾳡
һ񾳵ħͷȷʵ̫ѶԸˣУЩһҪȥҪȻֶ֪Ƶ顣
ЩǰˣһǽѪȵʱ򣬷׷ۣЩѾһĻľʯ¼Щ˲ûдñ뿪ˡ
һƬأһ뿪˶֪ж˿һĻ
ЩܵˣҶС粢ûѡȥ׷Щ뿪Ϊ
񾳸սУҶСʹóʱ򣬽񾳺ŷʱжôĿֲʹóʱҪǿܶ౶
ҶС뿪ﲻһʱʱ䣬﷢ȫݣķҲҶС顣
Ǹնɱ˷ʢƣϾ˷ϣһλӳԼһնɱ˽İ֡
ĺħͷ£նɱٶ֣ͳѾ߰ٶ񾳸ɥǽעΪ޴¼
Ϣ˺ܶרעЩ˶ʱһƬ˳
ЩΪѶˣΪȡͽĸֻ֣Ƿҵˣ¸Ϊˡ
˵ҶСһʼնɱٶֻһЩ˵Ȥôٴնɱİٶ񾳸־ɲ˲עˡ
ǻɱ˺һز̵ľ󣬸úܶڼΪ֮ʿзŭЩ˷׷׳һЩС壬׼ħ
ڹǣڷħͳʵ£һ޴ĳУ䷱̶ȡ׳۱֮ˮǲ֪Ҫǿٱ
ΧĳǽԨڵɫʯͷ޽ɣԶԶȥһֻϵ̾ڴˡ
һСʱʱҶС˺ڹǰ
Ӻڹǽĸּ࣬ҶСһ·ûʲôܶ˿ҶСһ㶣ǷӺʹ˵еʮһģһ
һ˺ܶ˵Ĺע
᲻ǸҶʵ
пܣϾ˵һ·ķϣˮȷʵпĵط
û뵽Ȼô󵨣նɱô˾ȻҴҡڵĳ֡
ܶ˶С˵ţһЩ˼æܵ˳ڣƺҪɢҶСֵϢ
Χ˶ҶСǹһ˿ȣͲִ󣬶˵ֵԽ󣬶˵Խ
ڹǰҶСһһų߳
ʱڹڶը˹˶֪Ǹɱ˺ܶ񾳸ֵħͷ˳⣬׼ǡ
ϢȥһЩֱֳǿҵķ߿Ƿ׷ųȥҪʶʶǸݽħͷпܣҲնɱԷ
ЩΪǴĸ⣬кַܶ׷߳Щ׼ˮ㣬ЩǱſϷ̬ȶ
ոߵ˾ſһ׵ĵطʱҶСͣ˽Ųƺڵȴʲô
˲䣬һӰӺڹڳ˳ЩͬʱĿͶҶС磬վҶСǰ
Ƭ̼䣬ҶСΧΧ˸֣ǧ֣һЩӳڷ
᲻ˣǸ˿ͲʲôħͷȥƺСƺЩɵ˵
Ǹ˵ϻŻ֣ЩħͷȻһϺõƤңǵǺڰģ˲ֻܹ棬ҪģŵʱһҪע⡣ĳĽ͵ƺһǰѵ󱲵ĸо


2083 
ڹſڣ˶ҶСΧЩֶĿͶҶС磬ƺڿҶСʲôڲͬȻ󵨸նɱô֣ҲʧΪС
кܶĿжЩ֮ɫЩڼΪ֮ʿ˽ҶС統ҶСͺպգǽҶСնɱôȻܹҶСλԶ
ǸɱķҶһ񾳳ڵǰһƺΧȺĴƬֻһˣ˶һεˡ
Ķܶ˰ˬȴû˵ʲôϾҪԸҶС硣
ǷҶɱĸϸͲʡҶСƽ˵
ôնɱô֣ڲҳˣЦһʵ
߰ٶҲ࣬ҲǱЩĵ̧϶ѣ˭֪Щ˰նɱ˶ˣֻɱ˵ĻҪ󡣡ҶСĿһɨЩ˵
Щ֪ɫúܲÿȻ֪ҲкܶΪѪȵսϾ˵սǳŵȵȡ
ô˵նɱ߰ٶʵħͷͲӦôڡһ֮˵ƺ˼Ļƽʲôˡ
ѵֻնɱңҾͲֶܹԸǣҿҲһαӣҪˣȥնɱߴǿ߰ɣˡҶС糰һЦ˵
ҶСĻνһ˵˻
˿̣ҶСжԵ˾ʦмѣΪܵĵ˾ʦӰ죬ϰ˿ڲš
ߣҶ㾹ȻҶλǰͻȻ䣬һ񾳸ƺάߴǿһ㣬һ࣬ͬʱһһҶСȥϵû߳һǺܶ౶
Ҷĵ̫ˣֶλ˲Ļ˵
һħͷ
ܶ˵ҶСǹһ˿ЦݣϵƽҶС֣ƺʱҪҶСһ
ס֡
ͻȻ䣬һ϶ѪӺڹڹһը˶ߣϱſϢҶСһΣһйˣɫЩ΢ס
һ·һ㣬궼һʹ
ݡ
һӰ콵䣬ôΧɵԲȦڡ
ЩΪ۵ıǰһɫս׵ˣϢޱǿŨŨɷһ֪
ʮʵǿĸ֣ͳһĺɫսףΪмɡ
۷壬ʮ񾳳ڣһǳоȻҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һ

˴ʮֳ֣Χ˼ĽһƺЩӡ
ûЩ˶Ĺϵǰ˳е˶Уһɿµѹ٣ÿһ˶оϵѹһǿ־Ƭռеƺһ˭˭
ڸֵǿ
һΣǳΪģʮڲ׼κսΥɱ֮ϣܹأҲ֮жĳԹ˻һ˵
ԼԼ䣬ƺ࿴ҶСһۣЩȡ
ǣ
˹˵
˵ɫ˺ܶ࣬ҶСһ˵ϣҲܹء
˵꣬ʮ񾳸ֱ뿪طǳڡ
Щ˶֮˹ΪԷʵǿ󣬻һǶԷǷħۣħˣҲû˸ҵͷ
ߣ죬ҾͲںڹԶˡ궢ҶС˵
ľЩ˶ʵ˲٣һɢ˳У뿪ʱ򣬿ҶСжһ֮ɫ
˶ȥҶС̧Ȼźڹȥ˿Ŀ⣬ҶСм˽⣬޷Ϊ͸ҶСΪ𾪣ΪôҶС񾳸ֵΪ
˵ҶС۷֣ûһš
߽ڹǺ󣬴ע˺ܶ࣬ЩԴŲ֮ɫΪղľ棬ûһ˸Ҷ֡
ҶСûΧյĴеǷ̶ȡ
ҶСӺ̬ȣܶ׼ҶСֵǿ߶ҪըˣҶСԽǿԽǲʹ졣
˺ü֣ҶС߽һҾ¥ȻѡһõλñҪ˼̲˺̵Ʒζţһӡ


2084 Ϸˣ
ҶСںڹеûжúʹݣֶ׷źڹǸ
ǷЩҶСһսİٶӵӣһɫˣȻеĽͣ͵Ľ˲١
񾳳ڸֱҶСնɱ£û֪һЩ˴һЩ˿ѾжϳЩ˿¶˲⣬ȴûʲô֤ݡ
ҶСڵľ¥УСʱʱ䣬ΧЩ˿Ǿͱ˶׼ҶСֵˣɫƵĶҶС磬ҶСһٷð
Ժ밲ˡҶС绷һ˵ɨڹǺ󣬷ĸֶ˺ܶ࣬ЩƺĹ۲¥
ڹСʱʱ䣬ɫҶС绺Ȼ߳Ҿ¥Ȼźڹǵȥ
ҶСһһӾ˺֣ܶЩйעҶС綯ĸǶҶС硣
¥еЩ֣ҶСǰ߳ȥŸϣǵĻǻΪҶСǸҪžȻôָ档
е֪ô඼ڶ߳ڹǣⰡ
ǰѵԼܹԿôĸ֣
ܶ˿ҶСĶ󣬶һ̾л¶һĨ塣
ҶСֵϳȥԽǽӽϳţеЩԽ˷ܣƺܿҪҶС类նɱһĻˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСߵ˾ϳŶ֮Զʱܾͣûгκα¶һĨص΢Ц
ֵĿУת˳롣
һĻΧЩ΢΢һ㶣һ̲ס
ô£ôֲˣ
٣˰עˡ
İɣ
ʱҲ֪Ǹ׳ͻȻʵҶôˣ
ҶСûְ׳գǰȥ
˵Ҳ̫ˣ˼ҳǹʲô£ѵҪ˼ҳɣ
һЩ˲ĸֶǸƺ֪ŭϽ뿪
˵ĿУҶСһҿջϢոչһСʱҶСŴӿջ߳Ȼϳȥ
ߣѵ׼Ƕʱ͵͵뿪עܹԸһĻеЩ
һһҶСոߵϳŶ׵ĵطʱַˣһѪ
ҶСĶƺڸΧЩˣҾǣҺΣ
˼ˡڹĵشĽУվ¥ߴһĻ¶һĨЦ⣬ƺҶСһ
ҶСһôΣΧЩעҶСĸֶЩͷˣÿθո׼ųǣȻҶСնɱû뵽ҶСַˣƲѡ
ͺһ齫ҪɹˣÿξǲܹɹΪˡ
ҶСһ㣬ֲƣСϷһҹҶС绹û뿪
ڶ죬ҶСڿջУûгϣһ֣ΧЩֶҪˣ޲ýҶСץһѾĵʲôʱǰ
ǰɣջôһҶҲ֪ǶٴΣҶСҪߵſˣһ񾳸ͻȻ˵
˶ĸȥǶҶСϢʱ䣬һɫһ䣬˫ĿбųµĹâſڵҶС硣
ǡ
ⲻһѡ
ģô˵ҲˣǾеĹעһϣ̫ˣôûп
ÿ߳ҶС粻һʱʱ̹עҶСЩһǷŭ
ô˾ȻҶСˣˣȻܲ
ҶСһֻڿջû߳ÿζõĶβЩ˷֣Щ˶ֲˡ
̫˼ˣûô˼¥ϣ˳Цһ˵
ϣҶС߳ϳţո߳ʮַ˻ΧЩ˸ӷŭˡ
һϣҶСˣЩ˰˴ΣЩлѹŭƺҪҶС˺ƬŸġ
ϣҶСûж˳ܵЩ˶ϸĹ۲죬ҶС絽ǲ鿴˺ܾãǶûв鿴
ֱҶС߳˺ڹǣþúЩ˲ŷӦ˹һųɱȥǱһӵĻ
һҪնɱǸɶļһ
ɵļһЩ˵˺ˣ
Щһŭ׷ҶС硣


2085 ɱ
˼һˣҲȥ¥ϣ¶һĨڴ
ȫƣΪһƬʧʧ񾳳ڸҲɳ˺ڹǣƺҪҶСӦ¡
߳ڹǺҶСƵǰţʮ·̣һʱ
߳ʮķΧǰ߳һξ룬һӰ赲ǰһ䣬飬һεƬеΧЩľ·Ǳ쫷紵һ㣬졣
һƬɱ֮ؼ䡣
ôӰҶСĿɨ¶һĨ֮ɫ΢΢һ̾ǧ񾳸֣Ӵлʮ񾳳ڸ֣֪컹ʣ¶١
ҶĿҲδ̫˰ɣʵǿѵ׼ЩȫնɱɣҶСڹǣ赲ҶС񾳳ڸ˵
⻰һ϶ǿƣһƳҶС磬ǧµϢ·Ϊ˱ڵŭҶСΧһնŤ
µ֮£ҶСɫ糣ƺûܵκεӰ졣
Ϊǧжڴ͵սҲڻҶѡҶСĴ
ҶСĻɫüΪѿдŨŨɱⶢҶС磬˭ֻǳ
ڻңЩڻնɱħͷɣ곤Цһ˵ȳ֣һĳǿΪ֣ƺҪҶСڵƬռץ顣
֣˶ԼΪǿ󹥻
ǧ񾳸ͬʱ֣ϣŷսױȣƬռ䶼ڲƺܲסǿ
ҶСɫ糣˿ûб仯ƺûнЩַ˫֣΢΢ͬʱĸ֣˷
ͻȻ䣬һЩ۳һž޴ޱȵƣķĳ֣ϵһ
һк£ǿĹâƬռ֣˶С
ʱ䣬󷨻Ȼһ壬ЩơͳͳʧǧҲһʧǶҶС粼õС
ҶСΪѾ۷壬ó󷨱Ȼǿޱȣвſռ䣬иµع

һҽƬؼֵȴûһӰȥ졣
ʱҶСԣǺڹǵ¡
ӶԷûиܵ⣬ҶСǴߡ
ǺƣϽĶŪǣҲǣȻ󲻶ɫĲ󷨣һ򾡣˿ҶС˵˵͡
һСֶζѣΪ˻ûа취Ҳˣ˱ɱҡҶСƽ˵
㲻ýʲôЩҲʲôһȺ̰ĵ˰ˣҪ֪֪֮֮ûǴȥ˼ȿֿɺޡ˰˰˵ǲм
ҶСЦЦ˻鰡
ʱһ߾ʬ塢дĽɫѪҺ콵䣬ضǡ
ҶС羲ĿһĻЩ˵ûаĸо
õǹΪǿ󷨣Գɿռ䣬Щ˶ƶɵĿռУȻǿ󹥻
һսˣ˶һ˿Ȥ˵Ĺעҽ㻹ǵ͵һʱΪãҪȻкܴ鷳Ȱ˵
һģҶСƢµķ񶼺ܶθڣԸ⿴ôһ˸ոһʱȻ䣬ͬǲõʻԽǲãԽ׿ή
ллҶСͶȥһмĿ⡣
֪Լǰնɱٶ֣İеĸֻ֣ܹһЩ񾳳ڸֵĹעЩĸ֣ССְˣǸûʲôȤ
ڣһٿɱôǿߣ»Щֵע⣬Щֻô˭Ҳ˵
֮һ仰³׳˵ûʲôý
ҶС˾վƬнɫѪ겻ɢ䣬һ߾߱ʬ¡
һӵʱ䣬нһ
ֹӺǲҽһЩٶȴڲӡ
䡪
ͻȻ䣬Ƭ𶯣˾䣬ķеĽɫĺ͵ϵĽɫ·֣ƺ˺ܶ࣬Ҳǿĸƻ󷨡
ǡ
䡪
ٴγӵʱЩƺͷѳһѷ죬Ȼ飬һԶ¶ǿǱϢ٣ǽɫѪˣЩ񾳸Ҳ⡣


2086 ֮ʼ
ǧתۼֻʣٶˣٶֶˣǿ־ĶҶС磬ƺҶСħ
ݡ
Щֶû˵Ͻܶȥʮ񾳸ҲһǷеĸ߰ܡ
ǻ°ɣҶС˵һ죬һ·Ϊһޱߵ͸գʮ񾳸֡
˿ܣ񾳸ҶСԲŹǱּĸɱʵ̫ˣʧĸսһ
ʮǿޱȵٶȼ졣

һҽһЩ񾳸ֵȻأܵ񾳸ֶҶСĹˡ
Щ񾳸ÿһ˶ɫĹŴҽǲɫѪҺϵ£ޱȡ
ҶңˣҲˡһ񾳳ڸǾ֮ɫĺ
ǣҪȻļǲƹǵġһ񾳳ڸ˵
˲вģǶҶСǣǵֵķôܹأ
ҶСЦһ˵ʲôҶŹǡ
˵ţеĹϱŷ˸Ϊǿһ½Щֻʣһһ߾߿տǡ
ͷһ㽫Щʬȫ񾳸ֵʬ󣬲ڼΪϡĲҩǶںˣǶʧ˶кܴôҶСȻŹ
ҶСľٶЦЦû˵ʲô
ȥЩ϶һЩƸҶСЩѾ˿״ʬҳ˴ָȻ
ЩϴָпʲôöҲ˵
ЩõֺҶС׼뿪ʱһ˹
ҶһնɱôˣҪ㱨˲ûȤҺڹǣֻҪ룬Ҹұ֤û˸鷳
ҶСŤͷȥֻĿ˵
ϰһˣĻܲϰߣЩ׷ɱҵˣɣֻҪǲҶСɭɱ⡣
Щѣȸˡ
ҶСһЦ˵Ȼȥ
ҶСܾƺһҲ⣬ŹâþãŻ˵ɵ֮·֪Ҫٰ׹̾ͣһȷѪҪˡ
ѵΪܹΪǿߣһ񾳳ڸɻ˵
ֻܣҪΪǿߣҪ߳һԼ·ʵҪй˵츳Ҫмᶨ־ҪһһеˣҪսķˡ˵
ʧ͵źܶ࣬ѵǶΪ۸֣񾳳ڸʵ
ܣôܹΪ۸ֵҲֻи˶ѣλȻѪɺӣǰҪħ۴˺˶ˣ֪ʲôʱŻָûλ˵ѹƣȻᷢҡ΢΢һ̾˵
Ϊ۷ĸ֣Ҳܹܵһִƣƺһս⡣
ԤеһҶСںڹһٿɱǧ񾳸ֵ˺ֵܶǿҵĹע
ֶܶڴҶСϣȻʧɱҲܶ࣬ǽ˺ܶ࣬ҶܽеģҶСô

ء
һ豭ˤ顣
ǷңУһɫܲÿһصƬ
ڸֵɫҲѿޱȡ
ոմϢǸҶһٿɱǧ񾳸֣л񾳳ڸ֣Ƿʧ񾳸֡
Һõ񾳸ֻˣҪȻɳȥ˻ȫնɱ
ϢǸҶΪ񾳳۷壬ҲпڣΪֶ꣬κܶأ
峤¶Էڸ֣ҪȻҲô޼ɵǷҡһڸֻ˵
峤һûнӹ磬ǽĿͶһ񾳳ڸ֣ûвľϣ
ûУ˼Ϊأֻܹһʼֵĵطˮǡ񾳳ڸҡҡͷ
Ȼʵǿ󣬵նǷҵϣ˳ܲڻûŪʵǲɳǰȥһʵǿޱȣǷ˵ҲǳصĴ峤˵
峤ʲô⣿
Ǽ͵ķʽ˶ԿͬʱгȥһˣľΪ
οɱǧ֣ºܶ˶Ϊ˽ͶԸˡһ񾳳ڸҡҡͷ˵
ǲһ˺ܶˣնɱЩУкܶ˶бЩ϶ưոݣô˵ˣĸȥһˡ
á


2087 ƽԭ
ƽԭλϲϻĵĽ紦ľïʢһٵӣҲŨƺһ˿˿ɷһɷΪƺӵ־һ㡣
ʧ綼ǳΪǺɫģѪҺȾ˴صֺ죬ƽԭ˺пܶһַθĸо
ںƽԭǺɫģޱȵĵˮҲһ˿΢죬˵طֻҪץֻһʹһ󣬱ͬѪҺһҺ
ȻⲻǴţ˭Ҳ֪
յƽԭɲΪǺɫģΪ￴ռȺִǰһ㣬γһֶص
ƽԭ֮ô⣬˵һսĵط֮ǺɫȫΪ̫ˣЩֵѪҺƽԭȾ˺ɫЩɷõ֤
˭Ҳ֪Ǽ٣йϸûмء
ƽԭʧ˵ű塢̡ᣬ·һиĸԴڳеԵʣҲһ˿ɷбŰ֣һֻһЩĳЩͶ·ˣר˶ԼĸֲŻ
ÿ춼Ѫޱȵɱ¾ƺɱѾ˼ҳ㷹
̤ͳķΧһǧɽبϷɽվΰƺطֳ룬Ϳɽжߣɽж೤
һɽϣһȱڣȱƺǱնһ㣬ͨƽԭĹؿڱڴˣؿڸߴʮɣȫûҺɫľʯɣЩʯϻиָĻƣЩ˾޴󷨣һȻܹ޷
ʧĵһؿڣֹϻЩ֡
ؿڶʮﴦƽԭϣҶСȣ˫ֲлһϷſֲĹԡ
ۡ
תۼ䣬񾳸Χһ߾ʬ壬һЩĲ֫
ҶС罫񾳸ֵʬȻһǲǶٴαˣÿһЩնɱһ·߶е񾳸־ȻѾߴһˡ
һֲޱȵְ
ҶС磬ÿһξ룬ݸڳ˼ħͷ
ٱҶСնɱһڸֺ󣬱Ϣˣûɳ
׷ɱҶСĶһЩΪҪҶСλˡʼΪҶС񾳳۷Ϊ
վһϣҶСĿȥʮΡؿޱۣһһؿǰ
ؿھ޴ʯǰ񾳳ڸػ߸߹ؿ϶ˣкüڸֺͼʮ񾳳ڸѲߡ
ף񾳺ڸֵϢһҶС΢΢һ˵ؿڹܸܵߵΪµϢߵϢ񾳺ڸɢġ
ҲǣͨϱߵҪŻߴò棬˶ȻߴɳĸˡҶСͬʱһһŹؿȥ
վס
ҶСߵؿʯǰʮ״ʱһһ֮ɫȳһǾ֮ɫ
ҶСͣ˽Ų·;Уһ̽Ѿ֪ôͨؿˡ
ҶСʵΪݡ
Ҷ񾳳۷壬ɢһûκαҶСش
ҶСĻش΢΢һ㶣ȻʵǸ˵еĴħͷҶ
ҰɣĲʲôħͷɱ˶ǱƲѵġҶСεĽ͵
û뵽ԼĴ
ÿɱ˵˶ô˵ġޱ˵óһˮһĶзһâȻ׼ҶС磬Ǹˮƺ¼ʲôһ㡣
һкҶСһ˵ͨˡ
ллλҶСЦЦ˵Ȼʯͨ
ȵҶС߽ȥһ̲ס˵ܺƣͲһħͷ
ħͷſ£㿴˵ƽԭҪһȷѪˡղźҶС˵˵
Ȼڱ߹صǶݵ鱨ǶģͷķҶҲ˽⵽һЩ¼Щ˻׷׽кãնɱ̫ˡ
ѵʵնɱһˣδ̫ЩɣҪ֪һ۷˶һ㡣һܲŵ˵
һ˵ĻĬĬ˵
һ㲻ˡ


2088 
ʯ߽һͨԼҵӣǵʵĹؿڡ
ոմ۹߳ͻȻ䣬µϢҶСɫһ䣬ͣס˽ŲܹоµϢ۹񾳺ڸе
ֻɲǣ񾳺ڸֱҶСǰǵĿƺһӣҪҶСȫ͸ôҶСΪ۷塣
ףôܣȻ͸Ϊ˼˼ǷҶɣһѪɫ硢ĸߴ˿ҶСʵƺһ͡
ǣ֪λסҵȥ·ʲô£ҶСѯʵ䣬񾳺ڸϲһ޵ɷ
ɴ˿ɼǶ붼Ǻƽԭеˣ۹ݵͺƽԭĸֿţҲΪ˷ֹݶԺƽԭʲôͼ
Ҳƶϳƽԭ϶ʲôܹԿǿߵĺ֣зǿߴڣҲбʲô
˵ˣһ·նɱ񾳸ֹ򣬿սѾﵽڣҪȻҲǳĲϣʺںƽԭ棬ûȤѪǣѪɫѯʵ
ѪʲôãǶһçѣ㻹Ǽǰ׵۳ǰɣǰ׵۳йƶҲΪ˰ҵ໥֮عһɺгľȥûôʱһһɫƤëһ˵һӸҶСһ͵Ļ档
˵Ѫȣ޳ֻа׵۳ѪȣҪСģȻ˿ƺƣ׼֮ˮҪֹĶҩһԣ㻹ѡ̻ǰɣǳҪʲôʲôŮˣҪж٣ҹҹɶɣֻҪܹס
˵һɫ۵ֳ꣬ȣһӸ硣
̻ǣϾܹһǵĳУĽ̻ǣ²¶˸ɣСֵܣʹһ㣬Ҫģһ仰ѪôΪ˶ҶСٴʵ
Ѫǡ׵۳ǡ̻ããƽԭϵ޳ǣҲ
޳ǳʹηֲһһ޳ǣѪλںƽԭĶϷ޳оϻĳǣ׵۳λƫһ㣬̻λڶ򣬾۹
޳ΧкܶС͵ĳУ޳ǹ޳γɵĵشΪĻң޳Ҷᣬ˭ҲܹƬռλУƬңƽԭҵĵطﱻΪ
ҶСеĿıҪʧнˮ룬ƾһ˵԰쵽ĸָԽһǵ̫ˣǺױݣǸʱ򣬿»˽Ŀת硣
ߴ۸˱չأȻЩֽĿͶ˺硣
ҶСǾ߷һնɱʮ񾳸֣Щ˱棬ͳһû뵽ûеȿ·ֱӱնɱˡ
Ϊ˽ضԼҶСһҡҡͷ˵Ǹڲ롣
µ񾳺ڸ֣ȻԸ˶Էܻûġ
ûУ˼ҲѪǣǰ׵۳Ǻãǰɣǰ׵۳ڶԴҪʲôṩʲôΪ˵
𣿡ҶС۾һʵ
ȻġĿһװ꣬ƺ˵ɣȻѡҡ
ҪҪǸ֮ˮұǰ׵۳ǡҶС˵
һݺݵĳ˳顭
ǣղŲ֮ͦˮóɣЦһ
¶֮ɫǳƵ˵㻹밡֪жѰ֮ˮǶûѰҵѰҵҲ㣬п̤ǿ߲ε֮
Ҫ֮ˮʲôֻҪ˵̻ǿ԰㡣װһ֮ɫ˵
ҶСҡҡͷĺˣûҪ޳ǵĴ㡣
ʲô
ͬʱһƺǿһҶС硣
ںƽԭ֪жٸҪ޳ǣǶҪ㾹Ȼ룿Ҫˣںƽԭɢ޵Ļױ˹ġȰ˵
ллǵȰ˵һǲ룬ҵĲںƽԭɱңұɱҲѪɺӣʬ򡣡ҶС绺˵
ƽȴ͸¶һּᶨŨŨɱ⣬ϣǰȥܿʧ˵ҰС


2089 
ҶСһ뿪ӣ˶㶣ǿ״⵽ִȻҶСΪȻܹоҶСΪԲǸߡ
Ĳںƽԭ⻰ʲô˼ҶС뿪ķɻ˵
ôǳԵĵ˼˵ԼϺƽԭһƬطĸǵ̫Сˡڽ֮໹
ôĿ˵Ѿ񾳺ڵʵ˻ʵʵĴںƽԭ˵ĻҶСȴ˵ˣЩ΢΢ĲˬƺҶСЩ֪ߵغ
ǲǿҲ֪֪Ǹ˵ֻ츳ȷʵѵûпĹ䲢𣿡ֳȵһ˫ĵ΢΢һ˵
˶ĬҲ˳ҶС䲻
ǺƽԭҪˡһЦһĶŵ˵
ѵǾͲǺƽԭһ췭ظ𣿡һ֮ɫʵ
ʲôͳƽԭǶᵣģοǲĺƽԭҪһվߴ۸˱չأǶôõһʱֳһĿ˵
㿴Զ΢΢һ̾˵

ʱֶ֪ҶС˺ƽԭǺƽԭĸ˾úܶη岻ѣοҶС籾ս塣
ô񾳸֣Ҫ׷ǰնɱҶСѾ˺ܶ࣬ȻЩ֮ͽ˺ƽԭҲЩ׼׼˳ֽҶС
ҶСһֱߣֱ߶Уֱ֪ߣܹﵽ޳Ļ
ƽԭޱȹ죬ѹ޴Ҳǿޱȣ΢΢ĽҶСٶ½˺ܶ౶ܵƣݵʱ䣬ܹչǧľ룬ǵҲֻܹչֳٶ๫ľ롣
Ҷˣο񾳸֣ҶСΧЩǿߵΧҪʤһЩͨ񾳳ڸ֣ΧҲʮ
ҶСûֱ˺ѿռ䣬ǰУʱʱ䣬ҶСſһЩСЩ֮ľ벢ǺԶӸ߿տĻͻ֣ᷢЩСǴһ㣬һ岼
ﲻʧ磬ҶСһ£һƽԭĴ󣬸ùˡ
һƬϡϡֺҶСĵһС
һСĳǽͨʯɵʯǽԵĹһЩƣҲСػϡ
ǱԵĳ򣬿ǻŵĳУ٣ҲǧˣֵԵķݿƾޱȣϻһЩĺۼ
ҶС߽ȥЩ˽ֵϵЩƺûпһ㣬Ǹøʲôʲô
ǰߣͬʱɢ鿴СеһУһһǧ˰ٶˣΪߵ񾳺ڣα񾳡
ֵߣָģҩҺסһЩȵȡ
λ룬ۣͯ۸ˣʣһһ·ͶЪϢĺȥ
ҶСոһǧңͻȻ䣬һӰǰһ˵ͬʱһơ
ҶСŤͷȥֻһߵľƵ꣬˵ǾƵе̫ţƶ߻ࡣ
νľƵ꿴õģɫӶûУȥһҺڵꡣ
ҶСûоܾЦЦȻ˽ȥΪ˽˽ƽԭ
ʹ˵еһȷʵǺɫģͬǱѪȾһ㡣
߽ƵкҶСŷʲôƣʲô
Ĵаڷ˰ķӣÿһܰڷİѵӣοܹˣһر𰮸ɾﶨȻ³
ҾƵһӰҲûУӪ״ܲ롣
ĺþƺòϸղ赲ȥ·Сһں鲼һΣЦǺǵ˵
ξͺ࣬һÿˣҲ֪ǺںĨմȾ˶ණ
ҶС絭ȻһЦȻһϣȻʱһ㵭ĹâҶС
ĵȴţͻȻ䣬¶һĨЦƺʲôһ㡣
λӣĺþúò˶ˡ
ӵʱ䣬Сһڵ˳϶ڵİӣһӴˣһƿϺõľˮ


2090 רҵ
ӣáСϵʳ˷ҶСǰʱʮֹ˵ֱǹ˿ͱϵ۰
ҶСƳһķľϵӵĻˣоˮ˵İɣ
Сɫ΢΢һ䣬һӣǿһЦ˵˵ʲô˼
еͲ޵⣬ߵ⣬ĳҲҪһ㰡㿴Ķ˵ָףҲ̫רҵ˰ɣӣ滳ǲڵģھˮ涨Ȼһ´ѪҺȡĶԲԵܰ˱ǡҶС粻˵
С΢΢ͷſڴϿ˿ٵĽָ̳ȻЦе˵ڲˣá
ҶС΢΢һ㶣û뵽Ȼܹô޳ܵĿջ
ƺҶСûҪԵ˼СҶСЦһ˵ҲԣǰҪˣӣһһٸߵʯһһǧߵʯһƿˮɣ۸ԹطȴԳԲζĶ
ȷʵԲطĿջƵ꣬һڵףⶼ⡣
Ҹһߵʯ㽫ʮʬôҶС˫Ŀһ˵
󣬵Сɫѿˣв󷨣ǶԷܹ˵Էʵǿ
ǸǮСҶСʵ
ˣҸ㡣ҶСȻִ˵
ǳ鷳ˡСЦһȻһĿڡ
һ죬һӰ͸˹ҿջڣһֻʣƤͷһѲ˵˳һཱུģҪƤš
վڵСһҪҶС鷳ӡ
ҶСĿһƳ㿴һڣС˵Ķӡ
һ󣬴ӿջӿ˺ö֣ЩеųưеŸͷһɷӣҶСΧס
СӣǲԷǮһһڴڹһĴ󺺶ŵС˵
ɲǣҿջ۸ˣζһ޶ۣͯûλӾȻˡСһί˵һӡ
СӣǴʲôطʲôıǷծǮ쾭飬㻹ǹԹԵĽǰóɣʡһԿͷŴڹһĴ˵ɫǲơ
Сӣû˸Ұ㻹һЩãòȻ㶼߲ˡһࡢ޴Ĵ˵
ǣѷǮ£ٰЩȫ꣬˷ѿɳܡ
ϽģҪȻǶ㲻
Щɵ˵ͣûҶС廰ءƺѾԶҶСһ㡣
ˡ
Сӣ㻹óǮ𣿡ཱུġǴһķţǰȻ̤һջ˻Σ¡
һƤһ㣬ʱҪ
ÿҲΪ򡣡ҶСվĿһɨ˵
Сӣ㻹Ƣǣﲻĵ̣ǵĵ̣ʵ㡣
СӷʲôֱӶֲ͵ˣӣҲһֻСҲһʲôö
ǣǣ㶯֡
Χ˶ƺһרſ˵ĳһ㡣
ߡҶСһǰ̤һһɿֲޱȵƱ˳ǿ纣һȻ
Ѿʧȥģÿûʱĥ䡣
䡪
ʱ䣬ջƷˣһӰ˳ȥݺݵ˽ֵϣߵϣǿϢлص
ҶСվԭأһɨˡ
٣Сοˣۡһ˸ով˵һ䣬ȻһѪֱͦͦ˵ϡ
ģ֣Ҫ
һ֣ǶԸˣЭɣ
Զ㣬ֻܹóֶˡһӵ˵ѪĹâ
󣬳
ӵ˴һ˫âее̶ɢһɹâҲϱãƺһҪҶСס
ĵˣһǶԸ˶ԷǾҪűնɱˡ
ǶһȺڵϹӵˣһЩ֮ƣֽضҶС磬ƺҪҶСôӦ
һ󷨶ѣֶҲ̫ˣֶҲҺڹ·ˣҶСЦһһһ·ɢɢתۼγһ޴֩һĸ·
ѡ
ҶС絭˵֣еһ±ˡ


2091 ȫƿ
һĻΧеĸҲƽˣǵ¶һĨء
ǻʲôֶΣͼʹɣҶСĿһɨ˵
ԵĳҶС㿴Ļң򣬳ҰϢ
ͨͨ
ͻȻ䣬ΧЩ׼ҶСֵĸǷ׷׹˵ϡ
ǰǰɣ۲ʶ̩ɽ
ǰΪͨ죬ͲҪЩСƽ˰ɣ
ǶһȺϹǰȱһЩڻҵĻǿΡ
Щʹȫûаڲٿԡ
һĻҶС綼ס˲ָ˹ּʶ˺ƽԭЩֵһ档
Ǻݶʱ򣬱˭ݶ̵ʱ򣬱˭̣ܵвʱȴ˭Ҫ
ǵƤ񰡣ҶС˫Ŀһɨ˵
ȻǰǵڵĥһĥһϴŹЦ⣬ſڵϹĥţ϶ѪˣȻһЦƺ͸оʹһ㡣
ǻΪ˻ʲô鶼ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
찡ҶС
ȻѾôˣôһҲǲԣҪȫƿѾ˵˼ҶС绺˵
ҶСĻЩɫһ䣬޵ûнڲ٣ǾԲ˽У˭Ҳϣ
ô˵罫ȫɱһޱ˵
ãȻôҾͳȫ㡣ҶС˵
ء
ҶСĻո£Уһα񾳸ͻȻըѣѪĽܶ϶Ѫûκεס
ء
Ӷʮα񾳸һһըѣ֫ɢһأѪҺ˺ܶϡ
ǿʼ־ˣ뱻ҪЮ棬ҪεĹֶǶĴ
ͣס֣ס֣ͬ⣬Ƕͬ⡣
ʱһ˸Ͻ˵лһĨķŭ
ҶСͣȻĿͶˣܴеˣ
ҿԣǹеˡ˸Ͻ˵ƺҶСٴɱһ㡣
ãȻǾͲҪˣһǵһ㶫ֹǲҶС绺˵ضΧЩˣƺҪ뿴Щ˵׻᲻ᷴ
ȫ𷴿
Ťͷеĸ˵ࡣ
ҶС˫йâһĪķĴйնȻ˵ڡ
һ÷Ŀ˵ķȻֿƷԶԶڶԷͥԼӡôãһԼӡܶԷʲôطܹоǶԷԼдҲһԸܵЩĿ˵ķܼ򵥣ҲֲܴڣֻҪ˶Էˣܹ
ӺҶСˣһ
ǰҪЩʲôѯʵ
ˣǸôôϣǶһ죬ҪǵʱԻ֪ͨҶСĿһɨ˵һʧˡ
ӱԵ뿪ҶСһĸЩԣǱȽãֵһ˵ԽŻߣ࣬ĸҲԽࡣ
һ˽⣬ҶС֪ԵЩ˶һЩʵܲˣҸûʲôԴֻЩҽĹ˵Ҳһˡ
СƤܣնɱֵܣһҪ
ߣѵǾͲ̻ǵԸ𣿡
̻ǣһȺӰˣȵүʵ󣬷Ҫ̻ǵŮˣ顣
ǰеҶСͻȻԶôһɨ־ʮ⣬񾳳۷׷һ񾳳۷ŮӣŮѾˣϢȣڵԪ߲ò˶ñᱬ
磬Ͳ̻ǸǵĶ֡һŰӣԴϻһͷ׳ɵɵĿֱһĿ˵
Ҳ˵˵ѣҪЩˣ飬ͱ˸ˡĿһɵɵ׳Դ˵
磬㲻Ҫҵͷɵġɵɵ׳ЩԼԴ˵
ĵĻɵĿû˵
ŶǴİɣɵɵ׳˵
˿ûһġ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСͣΣ˹صŮƺҪ鷳ϡ
£ĵȴţû㣬ֻһǳɫɴȹŮӷ˹ŮӿҶС¶һĨ⣬ƺ˾һ㡣


2092 糾Ů
ӣҡŮȻҶСǽεεĵ񣬶ǹ
һжҶСһ㶼ЧôŮӣһһƣֶ֪ܿ˶ٸɵŮˡ
ѹ˵̻ȫӣȻˣҶСղŲɵ뵽ͨƽԭ۹ʱ˵Ļ
ʱŮѾɵҶСǰǼƺҪҶС绳УŲ΢΢һӾͶ˹ȥ
Ů˾󣬵ǹɷ糾̫֮ˣҲ֪ж˶ݵʯȹ¡
ӣѵūҾô𣿡ŮͣסΣԹĿҶС磬ҶС˹ƺҶСһĺһ㡣
ŮӸոմﵽҶСǰ׵ķΧʱҲܹʲôӳ
ŪˡһЩҰȻԣŪҶС磬л̫ˡ
һװɣôװķǱ䲻ˡŮȻƶĿҶС˵
㡭
Ů¶һĨŭɫҶС޺޵ҧ
λֵ˵ĺܶԣһǧûʱһ漴ӷ˹վǰ׵ĵط
㻹־ܰɣǻһʹ죬ҪȻǽӽۿУܶ˶ܸȤм˵
Ůɫһ䣬¶һ˿Ļҡ
ͻȻ䣬ӿһĨ죬漴һѪһ㣬ҲƺĹ
ҶСһ׶Էڵɣֱ仯ȵĻò˶೤ʱͻ屬ѡ
ϧŲˡ˵¶һĨź
磬ŮȻˣǿԽλĹǰֻ࣬ҪܹλߵİľУĹǰ˵ǸŮ˵ͬұһΪС˵
ž⣬ҶС챬ѵŮӡ
ҡҡҡ
Ůӻ˵ùȥòҪšһţƤһȥĿģ·ֻҪһһѡ
ŮʹӣҶС΢΢üŮƾյһָͻȻ䣬Ůڿ񱩵Ϣһ˳ϵʹ֮ɫһʧˣ˻ָ
СӣȻҲǵ飿СźⶢҶС˵
磬һһֻҪҪɵ˵¶̰֮ɫģȤ֮
ƺĴԥӣɵ˵һǴ˵ʵϿ϶ʲôö
ðɣӵ˵ͷһ˾ĵӡ
СӣϵĶǴ㡣Ӹ׼˵ɵӱ㿪ˡ
ŮɫһڣҲ̲סˣֱɵԴһ¡
СӣеĶóɣǿһҪȻɱֵĺ촽˵
ҶС翴һۣЦһһӣһɿµ˳˲㵽Ʒǰ
ۡ
ͬʱһѪ屻һľ룬Ȼݺݵ·ïܵľϡ
ȿȿȡ
ǴӵɫǺ죬˼£ȻŻָһЩ
磬֣Ҫ𣿡ɵٴʵ
ȻҪˡٴһɵӵԴͬʱϽܣСӺɵӼҲϽܡ
ˣҶС粢ûɱ֣ǵʵЩͣҶС翴ϣԴЩ⣬οҲɱ֮ˡ
һڵϢŮӣҶСһĨĹâƺܹ֪ͨһЩ䡣
þãҶС˫ĿȻеɫָƳһŮȻ뿪
ӵȵҡ
ҶСո߳˲ףŮӵʹһ紵̼䣬ŮӾͳҶСߣʼ֮⣬Ͳܹ
ʲô£ҶСƽʵ
ūҸлӾ֮Ůֽĵ˵д˿˿Ĺƻ󣬾Ͷ䣬ĶˣƺܹĵĻ湴
лҲǲ㱬ը˽һѪ˵ûãһװɣҶСƳһŮ˵
ֻһۣŮӽһƺ˺һ㣬ڵ⣬һɭһֻǾ棬˿ɣĶ¾ͻ⵽ҶСնɱ
һˣбԹ


2093 Ұ
˵⻰ʱûǸ˻һ˷ŵŮ˸Ȥ
ҶС籾ǸΪ޵ˣǸ˼ʮˣ˼һ͵ǹ߷йһ
֪ҶС̬ȣϵģеȻȫʧһӱһŮǿһ㣬ɢǻϢ
λӣҽ̳̻ڻ򱱷ԵشĸˣлȡŮӴ󷽷ĽһԼһ֪ǷǳŮˡ
֪ӵ
ҶҶС˵֣ȻŷҶ֡
ǸͷʢķҶ̳һйطҶ˵ǰһʱ㴫˺ƽԭܶ˶һ˿£ǴӺƽԭȥЩҲҶСһնɱôˣһô
Źâƺڴʲô⡣
޳֮Ļеô֣ҶСѯʵ
Ͼûʲô̶޳Ҳ㲻ͬһȼкܶʵ˵ʵûһͬһ䣬ҲնɱԷ鷢
νĻȷʵңÿһ£ĸ£кܶϴƣȻƬ򱱷Եǻ򱱷Ե֮زƿأɺܶСͬƿأЩСĸΪƵ֮һжҡ
ںƽԭϣûһĳС̳΢΢һ̾˵ɫƺЩƣ
ղҲһСģҶСѯʵ
ţ˰ģѾɱˣյ˭֪˱ǰºܶ˶ûа취ֻܹܡ̳˵
ûнݾô̰ĵڵƱػձҶС绺˵
֪ΪΪҲ˲ôࡣ̳ɬһЦ
֪ƽԭΪˣĿͶҶСѯʵ
һҾ֣ƽԭҶҶСƽ˵һżᶨɫ
׼ͳһƽԭҰҲ̫˰ɣѵΪѾ񾳺۷壿̳ĿҶС磬ƺҶСǾ仰Ĵ̼ܴ
ҰģͲ㣬һС϶ѡҶСʮɵ˵
ģ̳ٴʵɫҲ
㿴ǿЦ𣿼Ȼ㣬ΪҵһҪյɣҶС绺˵
ӣڿЦɣ̻ǵˡ̳ϵɫܲȻ˵гһĨƺҶСôһ㡣
ûпЦһᣬôֺõ㻰һᴫĹܹѹסıΪֻܴﵽ۷塣
Ҳܱ̻ǡ̳ҡҡͷ˵
𣿡ҶСЦһ
ͻȻ䣬̳ɫһ䣬ͷϳϸܵ亹оʹͣƺ缸ʮֻ˺ҧһ㡣

̲ס
ס֣ҡҴӦ㡣ʹ̳࣬ҲŲסˣϽ˵ϣʹ
ӦͲܵʹˡҶС˵
ҶСĻ£Ȼһ㶼ʹˣ·ղһһ㣬ȫĺˮѾ˵һС
㡭ʲô̳ĿͶҶСѯʵ
һСֶζѣұѣһҲҪ˭ܹ⿪ҲõֶǷ۸ֶ⿪ˡҶС˵
̳ȫˣ˭вΪ˵ҶСߣϾѾ޷ˡ
֪Ҫʲô̳ɫӵ˵
ȥ˰ĵ̣ΪǲеáҶС˵
ǣӡ̳˵ȻҶСǰɳ۶ȥ
ӵʱһ΢ĴǣеѾˣԵЩ򷱻Ķ࣬ҿƺûַ˲Ƶˡ
ҿƣֻʣʮã˶նɱˡ̳΢΢һ̾˵
ҿƵʮ֮һǱƹš
ҶС˵ͷһɨֱ˺ѿռ䣬̳ʧ
ǳֵʱѾһˡ
һ޴ۡңʱУղˣǸûע⵽ҶСĵ
ǳͻȻ䣬ҶС
ͬһʱ䣬˫ĿǿҶСʱһľţп־塣
㡭ô˵Χ˸һе󷨣Ͳ˺ѿռϧҶСˡ


2094 
ҶСͻȻ֣ɫѿޱȣһ˿Ŀ־壬ֱûûӣΪ֪ҶСʵԶԶǣܣҲܲ
֪ǰʲô£Щʵ
ҶСһɨ˵
˻һ˵ɫÿһǳأյģҪ£Ȼܲʹ죬ΪΪ⣬òͬ⡣
Զ湫ӡ໥һۣȻ󹧾˵ƺĽҶС統ϴ󣬲ҶС粢ûɵԺЩ˾Ļһһĸ
ҶСƳһۣһĹ켣öķĳ֣öһûǵڣǸո赲ҶСһ˫һҶ
öûڣٴβ鿴ʲô鲻
ⲻΪ˷ֹǱʹõһЩСֶζѣֻҪҵұȻԸǣʲôС˼̳ǽġҶС˵
˿һ̳΢΢ɫʱжɵһܹŮ˼ɵ־壬Ȼء
֪Щʲôʵ
ΧЩôҶС绺ʵ
ΧΧǵ࣬ĸս˭Ҳκβ˭ֵֻʣˣʵ²ΧĶ֡ӹ˵ͬʱ̳һۣ¶һĨŭ
Ҳ֮ʲôìܣڿʼеìɢɣӵҶС˵һ侯档
Ǳߵֺܶ඼նɱˣֻʣ˲֮һ̳֡һ˵
ˣ֮鶼Ҫ˵ˡҶСܲͷ˵ܲܶԿһ
еѶȣܾˡ̳˵
ҶСû˵ƺ˼ʲôͻȻ䣬ɫ¶һŹ֮ɫȻĿͶӡ
ҪҪԸǵˣղҷ񾳳ڸѾǱ˽ҶС絭˵
٣ǰ˵Ӷ֪Ǻսʵ𣬲ռˡɫһ
磬ǣҳȥȽǴסɵԸµ˵
㣿һܹԸ񾳳ڸ֣ɵԴһ²м˵
ãҲȥƿصС̳ɫһ˵ȻĿͶҶС磬ƺҪҶСĴ㡣
ڽȻһȥУڻûж֡ҶС˰֣ʾҪţǱߵһ֮С
ӣҪֵ֣ĻⷽԲʮ赲ס˵
Ҳ֡ҶСҡҡͷڻҳֵʱԵĸֶ񾳳ڣһҳ֣е϶вע⣬˵ܲҪľǲɫУȻв
ģǲõģսѾʼˣǶϽȥɣһڰг֡ҶС絭һЦ˵Ȼ̳뿪
뿪ҲϽӵʧ߳
գҶС翴̳ȹȥɣҽǽͻǰ㡣
ллӡ̳˵Ȼæƿصзɱȥ
ЩҪﱻնɱֻʣ֮һʮֵЩ˵İΣȻĺΪãЩ˱ϾһͬƬ黹еġ
ʱУܶ񾳡񾳸ǰÿϱ˿ֲƣΧ񾳳۷ǿվգƺǸ߸ϵһ㣬ѲС
ǵӵеҪǿĶࡣ
Ӵǵĸۡ˳վգɫܲÿĿˣе־ΧӰ
ȻˣУ˱Ǹնɱˡһ˵д⡣
ʲô˼ѲҪܾˣȻ𣿡˵
ܾˣҲ䣿˲ǵĶ֣ڿˣҲҵĶ֣ʲôʸ˵ֻһ˵дһ˿ĳ֮ɫ
˻ͶҪͶĴӴ˺ǣǶȻΪǣĻĺȫնɱ
Ρҧ˵
ѾˣѵǻΪɣͶɣֻҪͶҿǼǣΪߵģһҪλáƻ


2095 
˰ֻʣˣʵ񾳡񾳸ҲûжԷ˶࣬Ĳԡ
ǰĻǵʵ࣬սҲܾˣϧ̳һսУʧ˺֣ܶÿ֪ӵеͲ˼ҵĶ֡
µЩһܶжЩԥ֮ɫںƽԭģ϶һЩڵߵˣǺϧԼͲĵͶ˭Ϊ˭
ЩһС
ҪͶûǸʵ˵ͬʱнɫâµŹ˿ߣһƴռ䶼ˡ
ҲԼЩԥȥ˵Щ˶Ͷѣֻȳ֣οҶСڰУǲ¡
ΪʵܹԸ𣿡һ˵ĵĻӳһȭһȭϵĹâƺػһ㣬Ҫضһ
ӣøͲĶ֡
ʱզһĻˣֻӿµһƾȻ˶ԷȭղǰԵƥȭ·ֽһ㣬;ġ
ǿһӿ˹ȥſֲƣƺӿֲˡ
ۡ
µһ񾳳ڸϣһѪɳС
һĻ˶ˣһ֮ɫƺǲܵ龹Ȼˡ
ʲôѵϷ
ǸͲϴĶ֣ôΣѵ˵ϴģǿʾ
䣬úãţߣڽǵϴ󶼺˳ǣɡ
Ϊ¶һƺһŵӣǵϴ䣻˰һ˶׼ѵ˼Ҳûˡ
ӶЩŵԼơ
ʲôʱҵʵôࣿ˵ͻȻҶС˵Ļڰаǡ
ֲãֲôˣԭǹӰгˣ
ʱ˳ǵ֣һǱӣǿվڳǽϣӣһ𾪵ʵͻˣʲôʱͻƵģ
ߣйϵ𣿶ͶҰɣֻҪǷһģԺǻ죬ǾԲġĶ˵
ǡ෴ˣղ˸߸ϲһҪ˹˳ȴͶ
׻˵ʮӶʮ仯ʵ̫һЩ
Ρ˵ڵı͸ղ˵ıͬһޣ鶼һ
ͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ͬһʱ䣬ʹ࣬ͷϴŴŵĺ¡

ʱ䣬ͬʱ˲ҽӳǽϹ˫ֲץһΪʹӡ
ס֣ס֣ǴӦǴӦһϽ˵һʹĲסͷƺ˵ҲӦ
˲䣬ɫÿ˺ܶ࣬ҲȻ˺ܶ࣬ǵ·ȫʪ͸ˣͺ˸ոմˮ̳һ㡣
ȻҶСֽţ굹ɳȥʱ򣬷Ĵǵڡ
ʣµͽˣҪңҪȻղ˵ӣǳǵӡҶСӴ˲ʧ
ҶСĴӵɫһӶˣߵ־Ǻܼᶨģ񾳵ĸ֣Ĳҽʵ̫ˣ˶ëȻɴ˿ɼǳ˶ʹࡣ
ɵöҶСֶζµ
ʱɵǰһӵĿˣڵطĶͷȴ˶Է£кܡ
ղǲһСֶζѣǸұѣ³һܲҡӿ˵
ǣԣ㲢ûͻƵڣô£ղһһһĨ˵
һõһᣬӽǱһˣֻҪ򱱷ԵǵģΪûܹͳһԭǣ̫࣬¼̫ˣֻҪķչǡӺɵ˵
һ궼㶣⻹ʶǸ𣿸Ͳ񣬶ԷǰûôҲû˺롣
ǰȷʵûУҶСһ󣬱֪ҶСҪʲôˣɵҲһݺǿʼ
Ѿϲȵͳһ󣬱ǽвʱ


2096 
ѾҶСˣǻΪԼǱӿˣǷֻܹͶµҲͶˡ
ǺϲϢӱ㴫˳ȥܱߺܶϢƵƺгΪսͬ˵ƣҺǻ֪̳ߵҲһģҪȻ»Ӿ衣
˰ƿصвԶ̳յĳУսܶԷ˶ڣ̳ʮ񾳸Ȼսס
ʱпµڶƺҪһǣ̳Ѿˣ񾳸Ҳˣҡ
һĻҶС簵а̳ˣֻ̳ǿͨʱҶСæ˺ܶĹ˿ߡ
ȻϿʲôʵϣ˺ܶ౭
̳սֱӱķ˳ȥˣһγǽˡ
һĻ̳Ȼ֪ҶСڰгˣ¶һĨ΢΢ɲϲɫ˶׷ֹͣսһ͡
ոջȡϷˣͻȻ侹Ȼ˳ȥ
̳һӱôǿ󣬶ԼˣֻҪ뿪˿֪ԼѾֽţҲѾԼˡ
Щֵ뿪ҶСû̳ǵȵԷعҶС̳󷨣˺ѿռ䣬ֱӳС
ҶСûг֣̳֣ҶСڰʩչַķɵʹ࣬öԷΪ̳ģҶСУԷŲסʹ࣬ģջͶ̳
ҶСָʾǰͶģϻҪһжԵӣΪ˷ֹΧľ衣
ˣΧһЩϵƣһжڣͶ˰ȻϲǸͼʲô˰ﱾһҲǱǵ߳һ߰ˡ
ϵƲһͷЭˣ᲻˭Ҳ֪
һڣҶСѾĸСôչͼ֮ͲΧЩľϣȵľʱѾˡ
̳̳סĸۡۡȻռݵ󣬵ȴµţܿԺڣлкС߲ԶһĲ¥ⶰ¥ľʲ϶ƣ¥
ƬƶıԵشӵôһۡѾǼΪ˲õˡ
ʱ¥УҶСһ̫ʦϣ̳ӹվҶСǰȴҶСķԸ
һʱ䣬ǽԴֶͳһȻ㿪ʼչÿǣȥɣһڰг֣ͬʱҲҪԼŬԼʵҪͷͬʱҪԼµˣǱعҪߣξ棬ڶɱҶС翴˺ƽ˵
ǣӡ˶ޱȹ˵
ҶСһֱס̳󣬾㲻Ҳ֪淢飬ƽԭطͬ˸Ӵ⣬Էӵ쾡£ɢѾ۷壬ٲһ㵽񾳺ڣǸʱ۷ҲûһսĿܡ
ҶСĹ滮У̳˰⿪ʼţÿ춼µ룬ȻЩ񾳵ĸֶҶСڰпˣЩƵ֮䣬֪Щ
ҶСҪΪ˲Ĳ
ÿǶҪϢ죬һΪ˲鷳ΪԴʲôΪҪȻԴˡ
תۼ䣬һʱȥˣ֮˵ȴգۼ䡣
һʧ緢ı仯Ǿ޴ģûߴ۸ֵѹȻҵЩ
ΪѹƵì̫ˣݺü𣬵ȻһЩݱż仹ܹԭϵıû
ݵĿɮж޾ĸֶ
ƽԭ򣬻һĻңԵشҶСƵСʮһЩûбƣڿ˵ıԵشѾҶСУѾΪˡ
·УΪǺܶ񾳡񾳸ֵʬѪҺ˺ܶĸ֣α񾳸ԽԽ࣬񾳵ĸҲȻϣвѾﵽα񾳺ڡ
Щ񾳸ֵʬѪҺУЩǿĿƼԱо˺ܶĶ˵ӽ̥ȵֱγϡĲҩɹȻȡҪĶȫںγɸ߼ҩҺ
һз߼ҩҺ̺ع򣬶񾳸ֶãȻ񾳸ֳ⣬ΪԽߣЧԽ롣


2097 
·УѾ񾳵񡢻ʣµļʹ߹ͬٳ˺üռ䣬Ϊר˲š
·϶ҶС֮ˣһпһУеԴεͨ̿С
ҲԹԵģ֪ĵʧЩˣЩ˶˸ͲмƺǸһһ㡣
ֹʧУÿжУָо˿һ㣬ͿʼվǵһȣеһжҪΪ񣬷ͻᱻȦնɱ
ҶСǾ߷ʹߣΧиСֶӣпвõǿ󷨣εػʧǿ߸ͷʲô˻
һնɱ񾳸ʮ񾳳ڵĸֶʮڵĸֻ֣ˣ񾳺ڵĸûǹ˼磬Щ˺ʱЩǿʲô֡
ֻΪ棬̫ˡ
ο񾳺ڣ϶ǿĸˣԴһƿһƬ򣬸ûбҪðǸ
Ҷ־һʱҶС˺ƽԭıȻкܶ˽˺ƽԭĳʣµҲˡ
ҶС̳һ֮ھǿߣˣֱӱҶСնɱ񾳵Щ֣ҶСƳοܣȻǵȻڣȴͬһŰֻֽʣսıܣȫҶСĨˡ
񾳸֣յǴǡ
ӣǵѾǿˣҪҪֱӷܹһԣȫУʵ
һĶԴ˺ܶ࣬ɵȻˣƺûûεģô䲻
ԭİ취ҲڳˣҲǶʱǿԺȡͽԭ಻ܹ𣿡ҶСĿһɨʵ
ףӣҪôأ̳ѯʵһĶϵķ糾֮һЩ϶һǿƵӢˡ
ǲõģǶʮöģҷӡõʱֻҪþȻ󽫷ĴǵھͿˣ⣬ҸεʹȨޣÿһģǶԿΡҶС绺˵Ȼó˶ʮöˮƬ
ȥͺдһЩֵ֡
ÿʮöҶС緢ǡ
ˣһ飬Ҫעһ£׼ڻ򱱷Եｨһ޴ĳУֻӣǲܹԿвЩҲܹٽƽԭУһ嵥һռϡҶС˵ţȻóһᱡƤ϶ҪĿʯϡ
ӣô᲻вע⣿̳ԥһѯʵ
עǻעģ÷ϣǿԶ˵еʽһԴһĵش񱱷ԵشԴֲҪʲôʱѰңǽôһǣ϶˵ʲôҶСʮŵ˵
˶һȻ
ӣҶСһһ߹滮ǳصͼֽΧһЩСλõȵȣھ׼ΪԺͳһġһĳǳض׼š
񲻹ǽһǳضѣǵȵԵشȫͳһ󣬽ǳغôˣӲƿء
ǳزÿ󷨣¾вشо𾪣Ƕ޿κΡ
̳ӷֿжǸܼȻЩûбյй
һҵսһööȥһա
ÿȥһĺҶС綼ܹܵ
ʱԼѧ󷨶Ȼһž޴ƤϣƽԭĹ滮ͼо޳ǵ޽ͼڸͳǳءСͳǳءȵȵλ÷䣬״ʽ
һԳСͳǳصȵеľ޳ǡͳǳءͳǳضγһ
һгγɵ󷨽һ֮¡
ҶСһͼʱûбƿأ̳߳ڴϣɷԼ
ôʱУȫͶ룬ͼع򡢻Ƶȵȶν㲰
ôĺôҲǾ޴ģ൱عȵ»عһ㣬Լһѧڻͨ񾳺ֻһ˿˿˵һ̾ͻˡ
񾳺󣬱ڻ㣬Լѧعȵ¯Ϊһ壬ڻԽ࣬ΪԽߣȻ񾳴ԲѾеĶΪһ壬ԼѧعѾһΪϸ΢ĳ̶ȣǷ۸֡


2098 ҪӿŲ
̳յһڱ仯˺ܶ࣬ȻȻܻңǶѾһЩǶ˺ܶ࣬ΧҲһƺһЩı仯
һڴţҶСһߴӹЩ߿ŸָϢйݵģйڶ޾ģĮȵȡ
ݣˣһڶʵƻ󣬴ĵ۵ͳ췶Χڣһ꣬߸һԴݽߣֻÿһ֮һ
ǻҵĿʼ
ߴǿݵ֧˱չأһʧ綼ЩѹƵìҲ
ߴ۸ڣЩ˻ʵʵģˣЩ˶Ȼ˼˭Ҳ뽫ԼԴȥ
ʵƻҲһܶһĵֿš
ĮǱߺܶɮһ𣬳ʥҲ֪ҲһʲôĻ
޾ĶҲͦģܶҪͳһǰߴ۸ڵʱǺһֱల£ߴ۸ˣ˵ͳһ׵Ҫͳһ±һҪ۴󡣡
ϻǱҲ̫ƽ˵Ǳ߳һ۲ŴԵľţǸϻģǱЩֶ˺ƽԭϱߵıԵ
ƺһҪҵĸоˡ
ٺ٣ﱾǻ򣬻ǻ𣿡
ܹô˵ںܶطͳһǺƽԭ̫ˣ˵ϸʱڵһЩܣǺƽԭôҵĻ³ᱻƿء
ΧЩ˵ĻҶСһӱ㽫ʧĴ˽Ĳˡ
˵ʧԽҶ˵Խãܹøɽѣȫ⣬Ȼʵ
ҪӿŲˣҪȻƽԭҪˡҶСҪʧ췭ظҪӵԼһҪȻƾһ˻ǰ첻Ϊ˵ھŲԲȻԣϧھԲһξ롣
ڴһȦҶС˳ǣΧжһȦֺܶ˶ʧ飬źƽԭ
һڵʱ䣬ҶСŻع顣
ֹʱӣ̳ع飬ǿȥ糾͵ģһЩˡ
ӣ򱱷Ѿȫǵ֮ˡ̳ڹԣƺûɹ׳١
ǰʱĲܹһ㣬˵ֻҪסԼĳоͿˣϾ̫ˣսҲˣÿ˶һֳϦĸоνΣķһڣԼˣÿҲᵣǸϾĺܶѾƿء
ãЩ飬Ƕ֪˰ɣҪӿ첽ˣǶ֪ͨеĸˣǶҪ棬Է˭˭ǵ˶㲻ҶС絭һЦ˵
²Ҫţ͵Уܹǽ鱩¶ȥ𣬺Ǳ
⻰жһɺ⣬Ȼ֪ҶСĺһ̼䣬֪ҶСΪĿģһС
ǣӡ˹˵
ǷſģֻҪǱѣΪԼⱻ˼ҷˣҶնɱǣϾڶ˵о޴ãɱһһҲϣ鷢ҶС絭˵
˹뿪
뿪ҶС̳ĵ¿޴ޱȣܹˣﲼ󷨣ܹһеĲ鿴
Ȼ̳Ҳ󷨣󷨲Ǻȫ棬ҶСֻ΢һ¶ѣûвʲô󷨣²ó󷨣񾳺ڸֵע⣬뿴ġ
ʮӣҶСо񾳳۷ǿ߽У໥˶Էֻ΢΢һ㶣Ȼͬʱ̳
ǽ̳ҶСֱӴһӣǾ˵µĿС
㡭˭
ǿεҶСʱ΢΢һ㶣Ȼʵ
ڻǲףǹװͿҶСڸ߸ߵϣ˵
Ǳ֪ǰ˱Ǵ˵еĹӡ
ʵڱͶ󣬱ʶ˰ﱳȻˣղ֪ͨǰ˰һ񾳳۷֣Ѿ͸¶һЩ
ڿˣһпû뵽ӾȻѾͳһҿһͿ͸
֪ǰλӽ򱱷ԵȫͳһĻ֪¶һ飬ú֪


2099 
ӡǼ˶Ľһ
ˣοΪȲ˼ңȻҪģĻЩȻǲòô
Ƭ̼һ񾳸ֱҶС˺ѿռ䣬ãڵеЩֿҶСֶκһѣͬʱҲԳҶСȻˡ
ΪôߣҲܹ˵Ĺȥ
ǵʹóȥο˺ѿռ䣬潫˴ռ˿ı䶯
Ǳ˫۲ĻͲҶСѾ˶˽
϶ͷôҲձҶСһˣĿһɨȻһɫ۵˵
УһĨɻ󣬻һĨľ㵡
ΪʲôҾͲأɫ۵˵ƺıԶһ㡣
⡭ô˵ҲҲȳˣͷʵ
ɫ۵һһ仰Ҳû˵
ô˵֪Ҳȳˣǻë˷ǳƵ˵
ҶСҪЩ˳ܽеģ˸Ͳ֪ˣԭìܵȻս
˽ĿͶ˸ϵҶС磬ž⣬ƺҪҶС翴͸ôǰһͿǳ
ӡˣʵʵĽһ
ҶС΢΢˵ͷѾжʮˣɨ£˹ֱڿޱȵγһѰӣЩӶûɵģһ
°ɣҶС绺˵Ȼƽȴһֲݿܵϡ
ҶСĻһ߹ϣš
ÿһҶС綼˺ѿռ֣ЩҲ˺͸ղһ⣬һĶ֣ȻԴһת˹
˶ʮӵʱ䣬̳˰˵ЩƵĸȫﵽ
ӣȫˡ̳˵
ҶС˵ͷʾ
ҶС˫ĿɨͬʱɢһεϣÿһҶС翴еĸֶ̲סͷҺҶСӣƺҶСĿžɱ
ǼȻҲôһ£ԺǾһˣ֪ˣ˭˵ȥ˭ͻܵ޴ĳͷǶԹʹ࣬ҲƷ
񣬺ƽԭ򱱷Եشǵ֮УȻҪͳһƽԭһĿҪֳɺܶಽУϸǵĵһСѾɹˣҪıǵڶСͳһıԵشҽǿĳǱ
ƽԭҪңҲռֻͳһͳһǳҶСվݣ쳹ĵ¿
Ҳ֪ЩûǸͳһҰģڲûУҪУĻȻᱻնɱ˵ţҶСһţһž޴Ƥͱա
һƤҶСƵĺƽԭзֲͼһ޴󷨣ӵǿ
ƵĺƽԭͼֻҪܹͳһͼֽϹ滮УһܹΪߴһ֪ûǸģҶСĿһɨͻȻʵ
ʱ˶һ͵ӣǶҶСĻˣȻҪͳһƽԭôҰģôĿ꣬ÿж롣
һЩ˶ܴҲȽУǴƽʱЩϢУȻܹƲһЩõĶ
þã˲ŷӦ˹Ƿ׷˵ģġ
ǵܲ룬ҶСһ㣬ǵʮ㡣
ȻҶģôͿǵʱɣҰһЩǸԵ񡣡ҶС绺˵
ȻЩ񾳳ڸְ񣬺ͻԵشٵЩǵ˶ҶС簲ȥĳǣǶĸϲһ
һǰ̽鱨һֱҶСֵ˽ǳصϡ
һСʱʱ䣬ҶСŽЩȫϡ
ǵ˰ɣЩ飬˭Ҳ͸¶֣ҪȻҶƽʱжԵҪȥԼǵ£ǵôսôսǲǶҪҶС˵
ô棬һΪԻУԵϵʵΪЩ˵ΪȻսǿѹǵΪŻĸ졣


2100 ׼ǰ̻
ҶС罫һаź֮Щ˶뿪ǶæµŸԵ顣
ĹҶС罻˺ͶЩ˸޽ǳص˰Ӻ̳ӿƴȴϸ緢̳ƿصĳо뽨ǳصǸطǺԶֻʮҡ
ҶСʱڻںúߣܲͻƵ񾳺ڡ
ֻҪͻƣļƻˡ
Щֶ񾳵ˣҪǶһ˵ͷǧѣֻİ취ǣı֮һ
ַҶСһַģĺߵһ𣬲Ҳᱻ˷֣ǷǿҲⲻǶĳֽǿ⣬Ǹ˾ͻҲĺܶࡣ
׼½еͼֽҶСѾӣҶСԸõĶͼֽϵһݺܲ
ϣҶСصԼķ䣬׼úϢһϣͽߣƬء
׼˯ʱͻȻ䣬о̳ķû˯¡
ӣϢеҪ̳վ⣬ޱȹ˵
֨
Զ򿪣̳˽
ôˣʲô飿ҶСüʵ
ӣղŽӵҪ̻һˣ֪̳ҶС˵
㻹Լ̻ǵˣҶСбųϬĹâʵ
ǣӣҲȥĻ϶׷ʱ»Ӵ鷳̳Ͻ͵ҶСʹ
ҶСĬüƺ˼ʲôһ䣬¶һĨâһЦ˵˺ƽԭһûȥ̻ǣξ͸һȥɣ
ӣ⡭²̫ã̻иƣö񾳺ڸ֣Ϊɲĳڣܵ˺̳ĿЩ֮ɫ˵
ģǲֵᷢģֻҪҲ˵㲻˵˭֪˵ʱ˵ĵɽⲻˣҶСЦ˵
ǿԣΪ̳Щ˵
ǿҶС˵ͬʱϵϢͷţ¶˸񾳳ڵΪ
ðɣĳҶС϶Ҫȥ̻ˣ̳Щε˵֪ԼܹܾһܾҶСΪҲ̻ǻϵ
ô˵ˣһȥϢɣҶСЦЦȻ
ǣӡ̳ȻЩΣȻĵ˵ͷȻ뿪
̳뿪ҶСйâ̻ǣ޳֮һҪúÿΪ̻ʲôӵġ
̻ǣҶСЩ棬ӦһӴ˼̻ǣѾ̻һʱ⡣
ڶһ磬ҶС罫ǵȫӹȻûʱԼҪ̳ȥ̻ǣ˵Ҫ񽻸̳Ժ
ҶС൱ȫһ飬ͬʱҲǶӵΡ
̳Ĵ£ҶСȥ̻ǣ̳뿪ҶСıԼӣ̳ƺ̳ӣūһ
Ϊ˲˵ע⣬¼ѾƽԭȻһˣ϶кܹܶϳ˸ıһòǺбҪġ
ӣ̻УܶŮӶʱ򣬻ϣעһ㣬ҪǵõǴǳ򣬻Щˣּ䶼˳УԶ·;У̳ѵΨҶС˵
ģôһ㶨һеġҶСЦЦ
ľܿרĹǣ°빦Ѿ˹ǲ˵Ҳվ˻ѡ
˵ľܿûЩΪǿԲ
ľܿϣҶСѾ˿壬ʮİղС
ϣ˰ɣҶСܲںӣ̳
ȻϣҶС£һҶС£Ȼǣܶˣʱ򣬿Ҳ
ܷſģҲ£ǷǿߣзǿڵĻҾҪ·ˣҪȻ»ᱻĳ̳ȻɢǵϢҶС뿪Ц˵
ҲΪöԷһЩ
ˣǲ̻ǵŮӶֹҶСʵ
ǣȻ͵ĹȴֹͬҪΪֻϣЩĹΪǿֱӾܹԪȻһĹĹ̳͵


2101 
ҶСʱ̻еŮӣһЩ糾֮ŮӣһЩŮӣŮӡ
̻ǲǶŮӣҶСɻʵ̳ĿУ̻УŮڶ࣬ƺȫŮɵһ޳ǣŮһ㣬ȫŮһȡ
ǣ̻ǲŮӶ࣬޳ǶŮƹܣ˾һ㣬ݺ͵λܵͣȻҲһЩݸߵˣǶǴˣǹ·ÿһ̳͡
ԭҵĸ໹ǵˡҶСЦЦ˵
˵Цˡ̳Ͻ˵ҶСǿЦģȻܹ档
ڻûнĽɫݺãڿʼұµˣҪȻ̻ǣ綼ᱻ˷ֵġҶСĿ̳˵
ס̳˵Ȼһ֮ɫƺˣҶСһ㡣
һ·ϣߵĺһߣһĥŹϵΪ̻У˿
̻λںƽԭϣǳؾ޴ޱȣվڸ߿ոӵĻͻ֣ᷢһ޳ǵοȻŮò
۾ǡͼΪ
ҶСǸĳһƬĻͻ֣ᷢȷʵһƯŮͷ
̻ǣǽߴޱȣȻаʮ֮ߣʷɫƺüΪʯɵġ
ЩʯϿŹϵĻƣЩԳһ󷨣ʱתţؼ£ĹڳڵҪ߳ܶ౶
Ȼ̻ǲоۼ󷨣йԵ󷨣󷨵ȵȡ
һǵӣһͳǳأҪЩ
ʥܹշУЩڴͳǳȥĻȻ˵ǳʲô顣
Ϊ˷Ϊýڵĸֶһ򣬽ʮбҪġ
ԶԶ䣬̻ǣҶСһ𺳵ĸоǰǳأҪˮǵȵȳǳΰǸͲܱȡ
ֱһغһУһ򣬲̫ˣǳǳصĴС͸¶Ϣ
ɫĳǽԣһĹâɢһֺ֮ƺɫһ֪ŮĳС
̻ñԭһֽԪʯϽɣʯͷӲޱȣʵڿ̻ƣΪһܱܹ޷Ŵ󣬵Ȼ̻ǵܣ˸Ͳ֪Զ̻ǣ̳͵
ҶСһĵ޷ŴֱͺͬЧ
Ҫúõоо
֪䣬Ѿߵ̻ǳſڣſƤƬƳɵС׵
̳ʾһƣȻҶС߽̻С
̻Уһ糾֮Ľֵϳ˶һ̣ȵȻ⣬Ǹ¥Щ¥УŮһͬŮһ㣬崿ġĵġ߰ĵȵȶ͵ŮӶѡ
ЩŮȫƤģǵΪ࣬α񾳡񾳡񾳲ȡ
λӣɣѾġ
λ͹ۣڷܵЪϢĺȥ
Щ¥ǰܶŮӶſˣǵǻУ鶯¶ЩһЩŮӱߵԵķֲ嶫ϱ
ЩŮӱЩԪŮӣӿΪģǶ˭ݡ̳ΪҶС͡
Щȥ˶֪ҶСɻʵ
֪ô֪ܲʧ˶֪жܹ赲סջأֻҪ˵һΣЩ˾Ի񫣬ÿ춼ȥֱճһ߸ʬ
ҶСһĬȻúܶ˸͵ֵס
˵ãЩŮӻǺۣá
˶ܶ˿ƲסԼ㳹׵˽ȥͬһ㡣ܶһʼţΪԼܹסҲΪѰ̼һκ󣬻еڶΡΡ
ҲΪκ֪̻ܶǵĺڰ̻ͣǡ
ȥӭԺЩŮ۵Ժ䣬һҪСġ̵̳ΨҶСʲôطע⣬ʹ˻ɡ
ҶС᲻ݽȥѹͲɣΪҶС粻飬ͲЩ˭ջˡ
ӭԺ̻ģһ޴ޱȸۡڵһϡ
̻ۡĸۡÿ̻ǳżĸʱסĵط


2102 
̳̻еˣһ·ͬУҶСӭԺ
ӭԺкܶСͥԺЩͥԺһ̻ǵŮסһӭԺ;޴ޱȣοӭԺֻۡһСֶѣ֪ۡжôĹ
סĵطڼʮš߽ӭԺڣ̳Ĵ
ҶСͷɢһ½㽫ۡԺУûʲôܹӳա
ۡڣ񾳳ڸϰڸаʮ񾳺ڸ֣Ҳʮ
Ҳһǿޱȵ
ӭԺУЩŮӶ񾳳ڵĸ֣м񾳳۷ĸ֣ͨ񾳳ڸ֣Ǹոս񾳵ĸ֡
ԺڵŮӶһЩ糾ŮӣÿסԺڶסźüӣЩӱǲĶһЩԺڣ󣬴˷ƺһ֡
ԺĹŮԺ䣬һŮԺ䡣
ۡһֺܸӵĸо
̳Ĵ£һ䣬㵽סԺ䣬Ժ䲼õű£ԺĻܣܰ󣬻нɹľ
һܾɵСľ¥󣬿һС
סһɣָ̳˶һ˵ƺҶС簮ģȻⲻϷҪҶС統£ܹ˿
ǡҶСװһ˵Ȼ߽˷䡣
̳ҶСָ£ԺڵһЩϸ΢ĸĶΪһЩ
뷿УҶСøʲô͸ʲôϣ˭ɨܹ˲ʲô
ڷдһʱ䣬ڶһ磬ҶС𴲺󣬱¥һ㡣
һǿĿǾң̳סĵط
ڿڿЩй̻ϵҶСͻȻ䣬һĨâϽЩȻվ
ʱһ׿ԽŮӡŤ˽ƺǸоŮӵĵ̳¥ȻϽӭȥҶСظ̳
ý㣬óʱûмˣԽԽƯˡ̳Цſ佱
ͬʱҶС紫ҵĹϵǳá
ҲԽԽƯˣʵ˵˵ô˶ˣǶĵУŽĿ̳
Ķǲ㱡ɴףֻһĶ̰ǰźѩ¶˳ż䣬ϸҲ¶˳ȥͬһ˼
Լ׵ҶС磬ƺҶСһһ㡣
ҶСεĽӹǼףȻһߡ
ҶСĶ̳һΪҶСıˣһҶСһͣնɱ»ܴ鷳
ףҶСһվ̳
ҶС磬ֽĸͶ̳¶һĨЦ⣬ƺǷʲôһ㡣
ã˻ͦںġһЦ˵
һ˶ѣʲôںġ̳˻֣ƺҶСһܲмӡ
ҿϢȣϢɢԪ㣬ûб°㲻ҪĻ͸ˣûԣһƣΪҲǸܺĹߡЦһ˵
̳һͻˡ
˸ҶС˵װԪĹӣԷҲʲô
ţ꣬Ѿִҵ̬ȣͻȻԺгһĨ⣬һӱ˶Ըİ취
ֻҪǸ£磬ò̳һϧεӡ
˵˵ôһ£һ˿Ȥ
ʵҸΧڵĿҼһҹǶûгɹ־ޱȼᶨҸӰ첻̳˵ͬʱ¶޺֮ɫһ˿ĿգƺûЩҶСеɥ
ֲãҾ˵ôôõĹ߶أԭˡ˵ͷȻĿͶҶС磬¶һĨ棬Ȥ֮ɫ
Լߵλá
ҶСޱ飬ƺһûӣɫΪưһֵĳ
˼һȤˡҶСûжϴЦ˵
ҽ㣬Ȼҽȥȥɣ̳˵ƺλλһ㡣
ǡҶСӦһȻֱԣΣĿбӣƺһľż
˼̫˼ˣһ˶ѣȻƢ¶˷֮ɫƺʲôһ㡣


2103 
ߵҶС磬̳ЩȻͬãΪȴңоҲصĺҶС¶һЩš
ȷʵҺơ̧֣ҶС°ͣһ˫ĿϸĿҶС磬ƺҪҶС翴ͨ͸
ȻϲûɢʲôϢһһ䣬˼µջ󣬼ֱѾĵ˹
ȻȻɣ˻
ʱҶСǰƺһݹ⾰һȺŮݺݺ࣬Ű͸ɴʳȹ֣ЩŮӾһЩĶҶСҲɵ촽ɡ
Ȼʮ㣬ûбջ
ҶСȻֳһڻв԰εӣͨ죬١
ͻȻ䣬첲һӱ㽫˻УһֻѾʵزͬʱպ촽ӡȥ
ʱ΢΢һȻɢƱ㽫ҶСˡ
ã˲飬õջǲ㰡Цһ˵
ǽ㿴ΪƯȻ֪ΪҶСûеֵסû׼ΪҶСһȻЦ˵
ԺҪϰǣЩҪȥá˵ͬʱȥ
˵ĻֻҪʲôʱ򶼿ԡ̳Ͻ˵Ȼ뿪ҶСɫľȻĸ̳
߳ͥԺʱĿһҶС磬գһ˿Թޡ
ȵ뿪˲ŷ˿
ղô£̳ҶС磬ҶСͲôջ󣬵ҶСľٶȴΪ⡣
û£İɣҶСЦЦ˵
ҶС粻ᣬҲûٶʡ
˼ŮӣҶС
һҶСһӱ㿴Ǵ֮ڣҶСſˡ
ַ糾֮ΪŨĵطִܹ֮ӵڵΪô˵һǽԺõˡ
ŮӣôһٶȻΪ棬ǰֳȻĶ϶Էע⣬ǣֳ˵ӣôԷҲȤݵı
һۡߵԺУһͥԺڣһźɫľϣ̽һҶС磬û뵽󻹱ռ˱ˣôܹŭΪ뱻̳˲ŷŹǸһ
ߣһÿݺݵ˵
̻У̳ҶС߶죬˽һ̻ڵĶһ˺ܶͬԪŮӣЩŮӶ̳ϤǼҶСԪޱȣ̲סõҶС磬ϧǵջ£ҶСֳһʮӣο̳˵ЩŮûеóѡ
ʱ̻УĸۡڣһõĹâ𣬲ը˿̻е߶ܹһĻ
ߣ̻ǵľۼźšУһ̻һõĹâ̳˵
ȻҶСۡλÿƶȥһ·ϣкܶŮӶǰȥһЩŮ߻ˣЩǵĳһ㡣
ҶСԹԵĸ̳һԲΧЩŮӵ̸ۡ
Ҳ֪γǰʲô
ȥ˾֪ˣÿγǾۼʲô鷢
鷢ܹʲô飿ѵ̻ǵĳ׼ͳһƽԭҶС
Ҫ֪ҾֶѾˣܶѾͳһΪս׼
ͳһȻҲԺƽԭǿвҪ֪ƽԭһɢɳ۸ӣһʲô빥ºƽԭҪˣֻͳһ·ߣܹڽҾУȥ
޴ۡ룬һߴޱȵĽ׵壬ԽϣԽϸ
̳Ĵ£߽һһ޴ޱȵãܹˡ
߽ЩֶǰʵվΪԽߵģվλԽǰ
˵̳һмλãҶСĬĬվ
Ÿֵ߽տÿ˺ܶࡣ
ã㻹ҺҰͻȻ䣬һһϮɫ͸ױ棬һõʻһ㣬˵Ϣ
ܶ糾Ůŵ˶̲ס࿴˼ۣȻһ㶨ҲûУ⵽˼㡣
㡣̳¶ϲ֮ɫһͬʱЩɻоʵǿ󣬶Ȼˣվλãȴ벻ͨ
ôӭվߣѯʵƺװӡ
ôأվһӭأ̳Ͻ˵


2104 Ҫѡ
̳˺ƽһţϴΪҶСԭ˲ûô˵ǽһЩû˵Ļȫ˵ꡣ
˵ʱҶС羲վܹоܶŮӶĿͶԼԼһһ㣬κ˶ҧһڡ
֪ԼԪŨޱȣЩ糾֮ΪŨŮӣǶ޲ýɡ
Щ˵Ŀ⣬ҶС޶ãվһ֮ɫ
ûж೤ʱ䣬̻񾳸ֶѾȫˡ
ҶС΢΢ɢ޴ޱȵö֮У񾳸ּ࣬ѾһǧһĻܹɨһУǸսȸ߿ƼҲ˼ҵĶ֡
ʵ̫ûʲôֲܹǸ磬Ҫչ̶ֳȣ¶Ҫʱ䡣
䡪
ͻȻ䣬һ޴ѹɨãеȻֹŵһӼžޱȣһ˿ûС
һµɨÿϣÿ϶¶˹֮ɫǳݣ𾴡
ҶСһӱ̻ǳҪˣϿԷΪѾ񾳺۷壬ֻһ˿˿ܹ񾳴ԲΪ۸֡
ɾһ˿˿֪ж˶ܹǰ
ʱð׹޴ǰ۳һɫĸ̨̨ʣǴʵ֮䡣
ȻױŮӳ˸̨ϣϢӴ󣬺ȻѾ񾳺ڡ
ƶֱվڸ̨ĸǡ
ݡ
ɫ籴ǵзɳȻ֯һ籽֯ɵģγһߵĻš
ʱ˵ĿⶼͶ̨ϣûһ˵ȻҶС֪ŮǺˣûʣʱ̳Ļ»ֵĲ鿴
ͻأ䣬һӰӸ߿䣬ͬǲõ̻ͬһƬëƮƮɣƲǷ֮ˡ
һŮӣɫȹճ˵ΣһͷڷٲһԺк£һʯɫӲڷ䣬ͬʱڵĻŵ㷱ǡ
վױŮа籽֯ɵĻϣһɫɴڵסģΧռ΢΢ĵʹ˸Կģ
ŮϢ䣬ʱŮ߸ϣ˾ηʱӣ£ʱڼСãϧʱǾȻ
ͬ˿вͬʣ·Ůеʶһ
Ůӳֵʱ򣬲ڣеǳԣںܶŮҲ˳֮ɫ
ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һ֪Ů֮Իֳ˶䣬ΪѾһȫµľ磬Ҫһ¡
ˣÿ˲ŻῴвͬʣŮ˶֪
ֱΪģҶС츳ľܿ㶼Ҫǿö࣬ʺ
ȻЩ˵ԪɵģԼģǴܹ֮
ԪΪ³ɵİ취˵Щ츳õŮӶ붼ô˷Ϊ
ףûбԻôܣ˵Ȼ֮ѾǧתȻ󾳽ˣôûнԻ˶Ӳ˵Ȼ󣬵ϴΡѵѵϴװģҶС񻹺ɵö࿴ҶС缸ۡ
ߡ
ͻȻһƺÿ˵бԻĸȫ˹
ߴ۸ˣҾѾΪ̻ܹҾȥǱ֣Ϊĸӹ˶Ը⡣
ƽԭķѣͳһ޳ǳĽҪҾ֣Ψдƹеģʽ滷һ飬ʮǺƽԭкӵܣμĿˣĿĿģֻѡһ˱ͳһƽԭϣÿ˶ȥ׼һ
⣬ݡ޾ĮƬط鱨ٴȷķô鱨Ӧٴοˡ
ʼ׼ɣ
Ů˵һ仰תۼʧˡ
ƺǴӾ֮Ͻٶһ㣬ϣ˸ܴһƽ͡ʴȣƺľһ㡣
˵ʱÿ˶УƺһһּΪصĸо
ʧ˲Ŵ״̬߳ÿ˶̲סһڳ
ױŮӱʧˡ
Ƕ뿪е˻ûȫ뿪Ƕһʲô
ڸղ̻ǳ˵ѡһ£ҶСɻ󣬾һӵܹΪΪôܹͳһƽԭߣбԭ


2105 ʶ
㣬߰ɣ̳˵
ãǽ˽ȥ˵̫ˡЦһ˵
ҶСԹԵĸ󣬸ո߳޴ãһ
ߣصĻܹڳȻ֮ûʧ㶨Ϊôһ㶨ȻװˣȻռҵıˣһú㡣
ҶСһЦû뵽ԼǱʶˣûţǴ˵ֵΪ
ڽһ̳Ժ֪ˡ
̳ǵ뿪󣬹ûãЩ˶ʹɢȥһϣƺΪƽԭ
ܹΪһϴǶôӵ顣
ȻҶСҲͳһƽԭȴҪһ·ȻΪȴҪܵԼмΪˬ
ص̳ͥԺЦЦĿҶС磬¶һĨ֮ɫ
̳ҶСпһ£һֲõԤУϽ˵ý㣬¥ȥİɣЩ֪
𣿡һЦ̳ʵûһ̳ȻĿͶҶС磬㻹Ҫװʲôʱ㻹װĻɱ˵ȥ
ҶСһΣߵһǰ˫һ̯˵ðɣҳϱ㿴ˣȷʵװģô
ȻѾ˳ҶСϣлЩ΢΢𾪡
ܲһ㰡ȻܹڳɢȻ֮±侲Һܺ棬ʲôϵ˿ҶС磬ֿ˿̳
ý㣬ͱˣʱһ͸ġʱ̳Ͻ˵ϣ⡣
·ûһ㣬ĿȻͶҶСϣƺҪҶС˵
֮䲻ѹϵұ׷ɱ̳һ˵̻Ҫи־ۼˡҶСٵĽ͵
ЩŹâʵ
Щˣ㻹Ҫ֪ʲôҶСЩεʵ
ȷû̳ĿϬޱȣƺҪҶС翴͸
ΪҪ̳ʲôҶСʵ
һǸɹڼ顣ضҶС˵һɵƽҶС֣ƺֻҪһĲԾͻ֣ҶСնɱ
㣬ʲôڼ飬ǺѹϵͷŹɣ̳
ߣڵˣмɿģһЩûĵĶһͻΪ룬˶ļһǧҪƭˡʮĵĽ͵ûиҶСɫ
㣬ѾǲлˣƭʲôҪƭɫĻʲôŮҲ̳ɬһЦ˵
̳һܲ˵ӣʮƵ˵Ҳ˵˵ѣΪ˲㱻ƭ˺ˣҲҪȻΪڻվ𣿡
˵ţƳҶСһۡ
лл㡣̳Ͻ˵
лƾһ㣬Ҿͱô΢΢һ̾˵ȻĿͶҶС磬ϣòҪ̳ҾĲ㡣
ҶС˵ͷʵѾˣøӵĶӣǿơ
ҲǸ£ҸὫͳȥҪȻ㱩¶˳۵̳ü˵
ѾûǸˡҶСɬһЦ˵
ʲôŮһɻ֮ɫҶС磬ͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ǸоͥԺ͸ۡϢ׵ĶϾˣȻиΪ
ˣ˻ͥԺͻȻ䣬һɫɴʳȹŮӣŮӺȻ̻ǳ
վͥԺУĵȴţƺȴ߳
ҶСѾˣҪӵĻȻܹ룬Ҫ̻ǳҪ
Ȼ̻ǳû˵һ仰֪Ϊ
֣ŮԹԵ˳ȥҶС˺档
ˡ̳ʮֹ˵
ʦôˡһСŮ̬ߵ̻ǳߡ
ʦ̳ҶС綼һǶû뵽Ȼ̻ǳĸͽ̫˾ˡ
˾ȵ̳ĸͽȻôһ糾ŮӽΪã̫ˡ
ҲĻǲ׼һֱʦ̻ǳΪ֮Ƭգص˵
ʦ̻ǲġ̻ǳĸ첲ΪҶС˵
ߣѲ⣬ʲô鶼пܷ˵ȻĿͶҶС磬㻹Ǻñ£Ƥô죬Ҳŷ֡


2106 
ⲻһԱֶζѡҶСЦЦοؽĿͶƽԭС²ôġ
㾿˭̻ǳ鶯ƺ͹һþһĿƽޱȣǺ棬ͬһķ羰
̻ǳһ̼䣬ҶСоضˣ·磬һ硣
Уʻ䣬ɽˮϼҫͬһ㣬̻ǳӰɣվգɢŵĹâۡһ㡣
λһ𣬡˭˭
У˵ڼΪƽͣƺͲ˵һ㣬磬Ҳʵ硣
ǡҶСո˵ֱͣͻȻ䣬˫Ŀбųιâ
ꡪ
飬׵˹ǸѣǰĶûб䣬̻ǳ
ղһ̼䣬ƺһ磬һּΪĸо
ͰҴ˻þСҶС綢̻ǳ˵ͷѾ亹
񾳺۷ֹȻɲ⣬˾޴ѹ
ҲȻܹĻþһЩ񾳺ڵĸҲᱻסʳ֪̻ǳ¶һĨ⡣
֪˭Ҳְ취ֻҪʣһģ˶ã㶼ܹ֪˭ҶС¶һĨЦʵ
˵˵㡣̻ǳʮƽ˵
ҶСһΣ뽫ȨԼû뵽ǱԷ֪Լ˵Ļ̻ǳҪˡ
ðɣǷҶҲ˵ɣҶСһε˵
Ҷ˵㣬طۺܸߡ̻ǳҶС磬ƺҪҶС翴͸
طҶСɻ
۹ؿڵǸˡ̻ǳ˵
ҶСһ˹طǸֳȵꡣ
һǰĺ䶯СΪ㻹ܹںƽԭ޴ĺ䶯û뵽ȴ͵һ꣬Һܺ棬һ㶼ʲô
ҲûиʲôŬһʱ䣬ʱ򣬻ǵ͵ãϾնɱôˣߵĻеĸֶѰңҪһأɲҪģˣҶҵ֣Ҳ˵һЩְɣҶСЦĿ̻ǳ
ҶСѯʳ̳ΪҶСһѺŮӵ˵¾ڵϷ
̻ǳ΢΢㱣ƺڻʲô飬ã˹˵֣̻
ֻ̻Ҫ̻ǳۻɣⲻһŶѣʵܹ³ʵ֡ҶСһĪ˵
̻ǳƺһ˿Ȥ
лգ֪˵ĶԲԣҶСЦʵ
ͻȻһɿµ̻ǳϾ𣬽ҶС֣ǿޱȵѹ٣ƺҪҶСѹ
˭ģ
ҲµģǺǣǽлˡҶС翪ĵЦ˵ƺûܵƵӰ졣
һ˫ĿҶС磬ƺĹʣ֣ˣҲ֪жû˽гˣ֪ʵֵ˺ٺ١
ܹĵ뷨ǶĿ΢΢һ˵
¶ˣȴûн֪ʲô£ҶСʵ
仰ӦŶԣ̻ʲô£ʵд˿˿Ȼ
ط̻Ǵôã˵һξۻᣬұ㿴һȻ̻ȷʵ̻ǵɫҶСЦЦ
ʦǽȥ˵ɣͻȻ飬һʼ˵仰󣬱ҶСͻһһ˵ûǲķݶޱȡ
ͷͬ顣
󣬻ձ˽ȥҶС̳
̳ҶСһĵ
ҶСοû£û˵ֻ
߽ҶСһҲԼˣֱ˻ն棬̳˾Ůһɹ;ˮ
Ѿ̻ǣûȤǣĬһ󣬻ʵ
̻ǣʮ̻ǲμҶСʡ
ǣ䲻󣬶Ϊܸߣʺϲμ̻ǵľ£ΪһѸջ˵
ܷ˵˵ôһ𣿡ҶСʵ


2107 
ѡʮٿǸ˺ʮ׼ʱ䣬ҲȥμӡտҶС˵
ʲô֮ѲɾǴıô򵥣ҶСʵ
ȻǣΪϾҪй˵츳ᶨ־Զ۹⣬µıȻҪоߵΪЩȱһɡ
ʧȫ͵˶ûСҶСЦһƺڳλޡ
Ҳûа취İ취޾ͳһĮͳһϻҲͳһƽԭӵĻ綼ΪĸƷֶʱ䣬ҲӦȻһԵĶ󡣡˵
οҲҪЩμӵ˲ʲô涼ȫţֻҪСƽԭźܶܣϸսĵطҲϸΪģںƽԭһܵأطعȫͬնɱ˭ôԷĸȵȶڣܹն٣ǾҪԼ컯ˡ
ҶСһ𣬾ȵĵȻĵط˵ֻҪĸ֣ôܹΪǿ񾳸һץһѵġ
ȻôףⶼƵģ츳õܹﵽ񾳺۷壬˻϶ڣѾǼˣôΪҲ޷֡˵
ַ൱ƣܶ಻ͬĶһɱʣһġô֪˶ŵǰ;һܶˡҶС˼һ˵
Ҳûа취İ취ںƽԭҪһͷˣôٴĴۡ˭Ҳκβ˭˭Ҳ˭עѡһ˺ǻḨͳһƽԭ˵ţսĿͶҶС磬ҿ츳ã쳣ƻԷǳʺϽ˵Ϊ
ȻջҶС磬ɫУھȨ
ûȤһܣȻܵ˵ԼһЩƾɵĶҲǻʱˣûлûֻҪʱδܹ¡ӵ˷Ļһֹ񾳺۷ˡҶСԥľܾˡ
ȻûоܾȥĸʲôܵأֻǾܾʲôһȤûС
滮ɺ󣬺һͳƽԭʲô
ôҰġնҶС˵ƺҪҶС˽
ⲻҰģÿһ˵־֮·Ȼһݾûѵͣһֱ仰ҶСʮƽ˵
һ㶼һӣٴѯʵ
ˣûȤ
ѵ˵Ϊ޳ǵĴǱء谭ʱĿˣץס˸ղŲǰҶСﲡ
ǰɣһʢĲȻѪʬǣûнݾߣӦסҶС罫ĿͶ˻ա
ѵ˵׼ķʽͳһƽԭ̽ʵƺѾҶСĻзʲôһ㡣
ǺǣǸ־򣬵ȴûǸʵҶСҡҡͷ˵һźӡ
·ԼûǸʵ
𣿡˵һȻȻ֣ҶСץһץƺҶСΧĿռ䣬ͲҶСƶͬʱ䣬ֻȻ󷢶
ҶСĿ΢΢һƺҪһһ㣬Ѿ׼ԷĻþԻ
һƺ֮䣬һṵۻôץȴԶ
һģعȻѾﵽֵزκβҶС磬֣֮ɫ
˵ս̽Եĳֶѣ㲻ʲôСĿռУԼƵ˾ûɢ֡
Ϊ˲ۡˣĴսۡڵȫҲ赲ס˱
һ㱣֮ѣͷܹһҪѧãǴ򲻹ܸû⡣ҶСЦЦ˵
仰Ǹ߻գսȻԼĶ֣Ǿܹܡ
ȷʵǸܵյ˵ͷҲһ㣬ҶСʩչһУڿռȻ֮ϡ
ΪӦѾ񾳺˰ɣʵƺ˽ҶСĵϸ
ûУԶĹȽ⣬ڻۣ۲Ļ½벻˷ǿߵСҶСһټ٣˸жϲ
̫ǫˣ̻ǵĻ˵һ᳨Żӭ㡣տҶС˵
Ը𣿡ҶС翪Ц˵
ֻҪܹùң̻ǵ˶ŷ˵ǳ֮λҵŮû⣬ǰնҶС硣
ǺǡҶСЦЦû˵ʲô


2108 
ˣҾͲˣм̻ǵʱҡ˵һ䣬ƮһƬɫëһ㣬תۼ䣬ʧˡ
ʧ̳ͬʱһƺղǳĪѹһ㡣
û뵽ǸķҶûпȻܹʦԿ治򵥰ҶС˵һȤ֮ɫ
ʲôһ˴ģɱ˶ĴڡҶС絭˵
˵Ķʵȷʵкܶ˱ɱ˻Ҫ࣬Щ˶ڰУҶСôնɱô֣Ū˾֪
Ҫǫ飬ղźʦսҶˣʵԱҸ߳ܶࡣŹ˵
ǶûгȫȫĻҾҪϽˣҪȻͻɢҶС˵
һΪҪԸ㣬˶㻹Ǻܲġ̳һһĿǺµӡ
ҲǺǣΪ͵ĻͻὫնɱҶСЦһ
ôܣΪҪɱ㣿̳ȵĿҶС硣
ҲĽۡûп϶ϣڳμҵʱѾɱûնɱҵİգԲһֱûж֣֪εĲնɱңҺܻ̻ܿǸ𡣡ҶС͵
ҶСһͺ˶Ĭ֪ҶС˵ĻʵʵڵģҶСʵ΢ĻԻᱻնɱƽԭͷϲ¡
ãʲôʱ뿪ͻȻѯʵ
ܿɣ̳һʮģĴ𰸡
ʲôܿ죿ˣʱҺһ뿪ɣ˳㿴Թ˵ƺȥʶʶ
̳ɫһƺʲô֮һ㡣
ôˣѵǲϣҺһȥ̳ҶСɫЩŹ֣ɻʵ
ǻЩҪȥ죬㲻СʱҶС翪ˣ֪̳ͬã̳㿪ڣ飬ֻܹҶСˡ
ҶС˵⻰Щܲ˵׼ʲôصģȥͲȥߡ
лл½⡣̳˵
ҡ㡭
Щ΢΢ΪԼ˵һ仰̳ѾǰοȻ룬˭֪Լĺֱһѣ˵ҪȥĻѾˡ
ȻˣҾͲˣߡ˵һ䣬Ȼӿ˳ȥ
㡭̳Ҫʲôȴ֪ҪοڣѵҪ˵ԼѾҶСˣ̻ǵˣ
㲻׵ģһ飬ôҾͲòסˣҲ㲻ϣģַʽõĽķҶСʮ侲˵
Ҳֻˡ̳΢΢һ̾
̻У˲ûдãһ뿪̻ǡ
뿪̻ǲãһɫȹװŮҲ̻зɳеķҶС硢̳һ¡
ŮӾŮ˵ĺǺصģȻ˵ǲһȥȴ׼ظţʲô
Լ˶ʮӺڷеҶС¶һĨ֮ɫӳǺͷڰиţҲܹȷŵǣڿȷˡ
ӣôˣҶСı飬̳ѯʵ
ˡ
Ȼˣ̳üһΪ֮ɫڸô죿
ҪˣȥϲԵشɣҸһЩƶԷķģǱߵͽˣİӦúܿͳһԵشҶС˼һ˵
ҵĽ㶼Ҫá̳ĵ˵
ãԴĺáҶСЦЦͬʱһööġ
ǰһξҶСһٶöģȫ̳ʹá
ˣֱӾȥϱߡҶС˵һ䣬ֱ˺ѿռ䣬ʧˡ
иŵһĻмΪţ̳˺ѿռʧ
㣬ôˣɣ̳΢΢һ̾˵
⻰Ӱ˳ɵ̳ǰЦ˵⣬ãֻǺ棬ղȥʲôطˣ
ҪҪȥ׷ȥɣ̳ЦЦ֪Բᣬ˲˵ֻ
ˣڶ֪ܵǸȽϺãˣãҪȥʲôطʵ
ȥϱߣһ顣̳˵һ¡
ãһȥôֻ̻Χĳпһ£ûȥϱߣᡣ¶һĨ˷ܡ


2109 вע
ҶСֱ˺ѿռŻ򱱷Եشȥٶȼ죬ûжʱ䣬һӱ˻򱱷Եش
ͻȻ䣬ҶСɫ΢΢һ䣬׼׼½޳ǵǸΧڸֺͱԵߺܶ񾳳ڸֶš
˵һΣﲻͳУĻ˽ȫɱһɫ۵վոʮ񾳳ڸ֡
ƾʲôǽǣǲҪĽѣûʲôͼһ񾳳۷һŭ˵
һ޴ǳصѾڱߴˣҶС˷ǵĿΪܹеĶԴõ޶ȵķӡ
ڱԵشǳһ飬вЩעǲñԵشԷвǵͳΡ
ȻǻֶܹԸԵشЩһ֣Եشȫڵĸ֧ţҲᱻ
ƾʲôƾʵǿ󡣡ڵ˵ͬʱµƬռе
ܶ񾳡񾳸ֶѹĴȥֻǶʮ񾳳ڸֵںһ𣬲ܹԷԿ
ڸֵ˱ԵشŵĲһƺ飬һ㡣
ԶҶСɨɫѿ˼㣬ԸЩ˵ٶȺܿ죬תۼ䣬ѾһƽޱȵĿشѾ̺˵ػЩ̺õĵػ䣬ǱԷٵˡ
̫ˣǱƼǣܾˣǵҲежԵЩЩһ񾳳ڸߺΪŭ˵һ׼ƴӡ
ʱ񾳳ڸѾӵʮˣǶվһ
һĻڸֵɫ̫ÿȻܹЩ񾳳ڸնɱǿҲܵ˺ǸʱǵĵһǣǱذܡ
ž⣬ƺ˼Ÿκδ¡
ͻȻ䣬һɿµƴԶͷһֱӱѣƬɲǼʧȥ˹âƺضҪһ㡣
䡪
ֲӾ֮Ͻ¡
ڸֻûзӦֱӱǹǿϣͬʯһ㣬ݺݵȥ
ء
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䶨ʱΪĵϳӣΪģѷγɣͬ֩һ㡣
ʱһӰһӰҶС磬δӡ
ʱΧһЩ񾳳ڸֿҶС˲䣬ǹ֮ɫǻ˽ҶСΪڿҶСּ㽫ڸֺ뵽˵£˵ҶСʵǿƥΪ£Ҳܹס
ȿȿȡ
һӵ´֪˺ء
顪
Ǹը漴ӰзɳǿǱղŻһ˿ĺڷɢޱȣ缦һ㡣
Ѫ˿ֱۿƺǶһ㡣
˴зɳֱӽĿͶҶС磬¶ɵ֮ɫ
ʲôˣһŹâҶСʵ
ʲôˣҶС練һ䡣
˵
һƺ̺ϵع仯
ۡ
ͬʱһѪϢήңҪֶ
ΧЩжž⣬ƺ˻ãղŻһȴ˺ܶ࣬Ǹһ㡣
㡭ѵĵشЩ֣һǺȻ֮ɫʵ
ʱҶСǰ̤ز涼·ݺݵĲһ£ʵѵûʵĻ𣿡
ҶСǰ̤һͬʱһɿµƾƬռ·ҶСƶƶ
˳ʮ֮Զɫɰױ죬ɺס
ҫǵˣҫǾ͹ֵϽ˵ƺҶСٶȳ֡
ҫǣҶС֪ǱԵشвشεһУбȱԵشеĳжҪҲҪΪڸֵԵʣһʱ䣬Ҳû˸ǡ
ΪҪֹｨǣҶСٴʵ
ǲñԵشͳһ޴ĳǳصĽڤڤп϶Ӱ쵽ԵشͳһңҲ뽫ԵشУ̫ˣ̫ɢˣ˼Ϊأһʱ̽ˣֻܹͼ֮
һǳؽǵļƻͻȫܿܣҪɱɱɣһһ˵ƺͲ


2110 
Ĳ𣿡ҶСЦһһһǰȥϱŷѹԽԽ󣬱ɽΰһ㡣
ǡ
ڸϵĹڸ죬У·ĶС˺ܶ࣬һִȴΧľѡ
ڸû˵ĻֿܹסҶСϱƣѾˣ͵ֿס
һѪ˵
ͻȻ䣬ҶСϵ£ͬʱöĲ֪ǵڡ
ΪҶСϢûסǸȣһ̱˵ϡ
£µҶС綢ˣƽ˵
˵գöģ
ʱͬʱɫףƺܹ֧һ㣬Ȼֻܹ֧š
ҶСзֿ˵ķǰڲǺʹ࣬ʱŽԽԽʹࡣ
Ƕͷϸܵĺ飬Ťƺޱʹӡ

ڣ̲סˣҽҵƬػصܶжڷëǱҶСƵЩˣһɫҰףҶСĿǿ־壬й
ɱңɱҡһʹڵϷһҧԼƤӶҧˡ
úҲŲסˣҶС紴ַ궼һʹʹƺ걻һиһ㡣
ǣǣҪʲôԡղ־ͦᶨͻȻƺҲܲסˡ
ҶСֹͣ˶ԷĵĴ߶ǵʹʧ

˴ڴڵĴϵĳȫʪ͸ˣ˵־ûдﵽܵļ£ҪȻжôʹ࣬Ƕᷢһ
һΪжôԭҲ˵ˡҶС糰˵
˴ʱֻһ㣬ȫû˸ղʣк־
ҶСĻ϶һŭ֮ɫǵ˸߹Դ֪ҶС˵ûдǸղȷʵֻǿ֮
ǻЩԶôɱǣعȫ֡ҶС˵
˵ͷû˵κλ
ҶСĿһɨ˿Χˣһ˲ʧ
ҶСʧʱ˹ǳص˰ӣ޽ǳأͼֽ
̳УҶСڸ˲֣һľϣű˵ϵˣŹâƺܹǿ
˵һ˵вãҶС翪ʵ
вΧӵĶ࣬вУкܶһЩǿɢޣɱ˸ƽ£ҳ̶ȱΧҪƿصҫ˵Ȼҫƿصģ滹һЩƿصĸ֣ҫڿɱˣҵˣɱҲɱˣû˻ӣвĻң˵ĸΪңе˿㲻˲䣬ͻ򡣡һ͵
ҶСʲôǻûеµߣûзɣ޼ɵʲô£ǻ
ҫǣѵͲܹЩ֮е߳ȥ𣿡ҶСʵ
߳ȥһ¶һĨŹ֮ɫǽͣȲ˵û߳ȥ߳ȥĻҫڵ˻ԽԽ٣ҫǵȻֻܹµЩˣΪңܹõԴҪȻԴûа취
ڻ򣬸ֵԺܴ󣬱ȱԴһЩܶԴĽɱ
û˻ֳֺõ顣
ڣұιû˻ȥƻҲû˸ƻֱֵ쾡¡
ǵһͺҶСףвͳһѣԵش֪ҪѶٱ
ǵ˼вͲܱȫͳһ˼һҶСʵ
ԣǽһҡһ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ͵漴ĿƺѾ뵽ҶСҪʲô
ǲҪ۹⿴ңҾ׼вͳһֻҪͳһУЩĸ֣ȵͳһҲ˻ҽһ񣬲֪ܲܰ쵽ҶС˫΢΢һʵ
ʲô飿һ֮ɫʵ
ǵΧ֮ڣ񾳳۷壬ڸֿҶС˵ƺһ㶼ż
ôƣʵ
һһЩǸղſǵЩЩһҪڰнУܱ˲ҶС翴˵


2111 ǳؽ
ҶСĻޱȣȻղѾжϳҶС׼ͳһв򣬵׶һ£о綼̫ˡ
򣬶֪˶ٸ£Ҳ֪жٸ׼ͳһһ⣬Ƕʧˡ
ֻң·˵ĹһѲˡ
ҶСҪĲϵͳһǿƣֻҪͳһУжôĻҡ
ַʽ൱ڣпЩ֣ƽʱʱǸôôնɱ˭նɱ˭ȵҶСõǵʱǱ֡
һ˷ӦҶСҪĽ
ԥţƺ˼ҶСĻƬ̺Ƕͷͬ⡣
ðɣǻᾡǵ¡
ˣֻ֪ˣҪõ֪ʲôˣҲѾ֪ˡҶС˵
֪һ뵽ղŵʹ࣬˶ͷ亹ֱ
£µ
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ҶС̳УнݱٶȺܿ죬ܶ߶ǰæ֪нһΪԵشΪҫ۵ĽͬʱҲΪĽܹΪǴḻԴ
һºǳصĴѾˣķߴĳšǸߴĳǽεض𣬳ڣֵѾ˳ҶСҪڽ췿ݣЩԳ󷨡
֮⣬һڽĵĳٶһ£ܹɣҪҶСˡ
һУҶС粢ûţøָĲϣһΪѹǳأΪǳصŦ
־޴ĳ·Ļûкüʱ겻ɣʧУڶ࣬񾳡񾳶ܶ࣬ǳصģΪ͵Ķ񾳳ڣһЩ񾳸ֶ˽Ϊһ߽ǣһߴع
һ¶ʮʱУҶСƳ˴˽еƬطտһС
ӽǳвҲûиǰԭǺܶͿ㣬ΪǷˣοҲæµܶǴлûǸ
ȻǳصĽ˺ܶɢߣЩвġҲģڳǳؽУҶСһֱػţκȥƻ
ڣķµʱ䣬ǳ޽ˣǳسɫյɫԶԶȥ·Ưյǡ
ڽˣԺҲһ޴Դ׵ˡ
ǳؾǱԵشġ
Ժ᷽ܶࡣ
ǳؽɵ˲䣬˶ַĵĻСʱʱ䣬Ż
ͻȻ䣬ҶСӰɽϿգ˫УһĴûգ˵صףЩֱڽ˽У˶ΧǳΧһĻǶ֪ҶСڲ󷨣е󷨡
ҶС֮ƣΪǳزѪȻҪӱı
ҶС粼󷨵ʱΧиֳİûԴ룬·һ̼䣬ٻһ
ںķҹҶСͣһ·ǳһ㣬ڡ
ӺҶС˫Ŀһ죬УĿ£գͬʱתۼ䣬ͬһ㣬ա
䡪
춯أ˳ڣרеһƬյϣеͼκʹǡãĺһ
ʱǳط·ǻһ㣬˲ͬĸо
񣬴ԶĻǳؾͻһ֣ΰԻ͡׳֮УƺĴƲһ㡣
ҶСӰ˴Ƭؼ
ǳس׵Ľˣķſ
ҶС£ǳķĸͬʱɲǼ䣬˷ӵӵǳڡ
ԭȵЭһЩ˷׷׽ǵׯ԰ڣͬʱ󷨣ҲЩռֵߵ̡
һӣսսʬһأѪΪѪȻҡ
ҶСվĿһĻƺͲЩ˵һ㡣
ڻʲôʲôƶȣвͨһǳص𣬱ԡѪܹҶС绺˵
ֵϣЩѪҺʬľȻʧˣƺһƾתһ㡣
սһһҹŽǳؽֵߵȫһա
ͳκֲͬҶСҲûĵ׽ЩͳһҪľϵȻԸı䡣
Щ̵ʱ򣬻кܶ׼ռΧâƣǸͽȥŷˡ
Ȼ񱱷ԵشҶСĿ֮УҶСֻǿЩĸˣ˭Ҳ֪˻Ȼ˿ûʲôı䡣


2112 ҫ
һսڶ죬ǳؾͷָľ¥һгȵȳ֣ƺһѪսֻһΡ
ڶǳУһֲ֮УҶСţʱƣ˻ԽԽࡣ
ҶСʹˣŵĳУȻֻһˣġ
ûа취ҶСֱӴ˼Ϊ񾳵Ůӳ䵱ŮҲ˺ü񾳳ڸ֣䵱
ӣŲԵˡ
ǳؽ֮ҶС㽫һЩĶ˰˴Ծסڳ޴ޱȣӵԺ䣬ݲ
и񾳳۷ֺҶС뿪ˣȥԵתһ£ûҶСֵָĳ֣ǿƵ˲֮һ
ҶСֱΪǳ˼κʵŽչ˺ܶ౶
ٶȣ»Ҫһʱ䣬ܹȫնԵϱߣҶС粢ôģڣһжȻ˳
鿴˶ҶСֱв㣬вЩʵڸƿߣȻҲһЩС񾳳ڸߺգе񾳳ڸֺܶ࣬ٶʮ
ʮ񾳳ڸȻڸֵĶ֣һսԷѾ𣬸˴ᡣ
ΪˣЩŵԴڡ
ҫǴڻ򱱷ԵشвĹȵطв㲻в㣬Եش޷⣬Ƿ̶ȣԴӵУֻǳǳصĴС
ҫֻǳڹȵĵطǳصĴСȴȱԵشһж󣬵Ȼ½в㡣
ҶС߽ҫǣҲͦģΪ߲߽Ժܴ
Ｘ϶ɢһɷƺնɱĸһ㡣
Ȼ˵Ҳѣɱ˭ɱ˭ȫûκεĹԡ
Զһ˲֪һʲôüĿβסϲɫոһξ룬Ȼ㱻һһ
˵ĶҡڵȥΧ˵УҶС翴ľȣǶһƽģƺһ㣬ֲ֡
飬̶һڣȻͷ𣬿ҶСᵽʲôҡ
նɱˣͲҪɣҲ˵һ仰ֱӾͶ֡
ҶСոǰһξͻȻ䣬оһ޵ɱһֿռĲҺഫ
ŲһһӱƳ˶ʮ׵ľ롣
ˡ
ղڵĵطĿռ΢΢죬ˣ漴һӰֶһĿ꣬Щȣƺû뵽Լһ֮¾ȻҶС˹ȥ
ֲҿϴ·뿪ˡ궢ҶС˵ǿһӣƺҶС·һ㡣
ҶСϴŵƤƳɵ·ϸɫУȷʵˣҲû뵽ȻΪһ·ɱ˵ġ
Ҫסҵ·ҶСһԹǰȥµ۳ֱӳ˹ȥ
ۡ
һѪεŵŵź岽һĳ졣
ݡ
ԼҶСĶ֣ȥƺղŵûзһ㡣
ԷΪһӰҪʧҶСЦһӿʱ䣬Ӱ¶ȻѣѪĽʬһ顣
ҶСĳ֣ûע⣬鷢̫ˣΧѾľˡ
һ㻹ọ̀࿴һۣڶκ棬࿴һۣǺܶκ󣬾ͼֲˣǿڽֵϳԶһ㣬·Щɱ¾Ѿ뵽˵
ҶС罫ҫתһ飬ֵ⣬ڸߺѾСӣϰ壬һڽͷš
вͬʱֵ˵ŸЩûмκɢޣЩܿ£һܹ֮նɱô֮ıĺ󻼡
һۡڣҫǵֵڳﻮһжȻѾӦҶС磬ǱԴǲ治ˣϾǻҶСţĸоڶ
ͻȻ䣬ռ΢΢ҶСӰ֡
ҶСӰֵ˲䣬˶ϵɢҶСʱĽӡ
ʱĶҶС˼㡣
ǵĸۡڲ󷨣ҶС绹ܹܵЩ󷨵Ӱ죬ֱӴԽռ䣬̫ˡ


2113 Գ
ô˶񾳸֣ҶСĿһɨʵ
ǲûпƶʲôʵĸ֣ڻв㣬ǵʵЩУĴڣ񾳳ڵĸ֣ڲ˲ʮ񾳳ڸ־жʮͷ΢Щ̵΢΢һ̾˵
˵ʵ̫ˣԶԶûдﵽ۷壬۷ĻǶȻƸڸ֡
룬ҶСʵΧû۷ֵ𣿡
ɣӦʮ̷ʵʵĻش
вһжҶСٴѯʡ
ĿҲ޷֪Ͼٶ̫ˣЩСһٶȸ죬ССӦ߰ʮҰɣȻǶ̷ش
꿴䣬ƺϲ˽١
ȻҶСʮ־ȡ
ΪвȱԵش٣û뵽ô࣬ӣҲӸӡ
ǲɣһһЩɢģûй̶ĳУԵģߵǵΧȻϵˡ
쿪ʼǾܶΧЩû۷֣һڰаǡҶС翴˵
ǹӡͬ˵
ڶ죬㿪ʼжˣҶСİ£һµʱ䣬㽫ΧʮˣȻЩĸֱҶСƣǱ⣬û֪
һʱ䣬ҶС粻ʮգһյԴҲˣֻҪǶԴҶС綼
û۷ֵѾգʣµĶ۷ĸ֡
Щ֣ҶС׼Գ֣ЩշҶСûţǶڰҶСѰЩǳصĲϡ
⣬ҶС绹ֵɳһ񾳳۷ȥ֧Ԯ
׼ͳһ򣬵Ȼ֮ǰԼʵҪͻƣͻƣͶԸ񾳺ڵЩ֡
Ϣʱ䣬ҶСӱв㷶ΧʼŻӣ׼һһʰЩ۷֡
ҫǣҫϰٹ֮ԶڷǣȻҲ֮ƿҫǵıһ۷֡
֮⣬һڸ֣񾳳ڸ֣һɿµ
ҶСգûжñҫǣֱ˳еĳ޴ޱȣ޽ĺǺһ֪ҫǵһܻܵˡ
ڣ̨ͤ¥Сˮ˹ȵӦоУƺһɾһ㡣
ҶСչԺس֡
Ѿ˶Ը۷ֵİ취ˣǾնɱ߿ڸ֣ȻΪڸֵӣӽ۷֣Ȼһ
ҵˣԭٺòˣҶСһϲڸǸҶС˻ᡣ
ֱ˺ѿռ䣬һӳС
ʱ򣬶Χռ䲨ƽҪкܶ࣬ҶСֵ˲䣬ڸȻ䣬˫ĿޱȵĿų͸գһ˭
ָոշͻȻ䣬һɿµƽ٣һѹϣƺһ޴ɽѹһ㡣
ʱ״ֻ̬Ծϸ޴ѹγһԵĲ졣
ۡ
޴ѹڹķɣһһѪǾ֡
󷨵ıˣ˸Ͳ֪淢ʲô顣
ڸָոѪ˲䣬ҶС缱ٽһöĴڣ˿ûԷĲ
㵽˭Ҫʲôڸ¶־֮ɫʵȻǿӲϸ֪ǿɡ
ɵӣܹϢôֵĲ鿴ܹٵΧ󷨽ҵģΪϾǿޱȡ
Ϊ֪ԷĿģȻЩ־塣
˭Ͳ֪ˣֻҪ֪ΪҪжɣԹԵҿļ䡣ҶСΪᵭƺ·紵һ㣬ֱӽ˶Էꡣ
ҶСĻƺѾһֻþ
һĻҶСЦЦҶС׼ȡļʱͻȻ䣬˫Ŀ
һ׵ҶСĻþĶҶС磬һļɵ֮ɫ
һ࣬û뵽־ôǿȻˣҲֻҪһʹˡҶС˵Ȼ߶Ϊһķ


2114 װ磬͵Ϯ
ǷѾĺΪһ壬ҶСֱӴ߶ĵֱ˺ꡣ
ڸֲҽвֹҿҶСǰһĻˣ˵ҵĽΧ󷨣ɢ档
ŹңҪʲôҶ㡭ڳܲסʹ࣬ʹĺУһƺڲҶСʲôȥ
ʹһҶСûٴ߶ģ˸һʱǴˮ̳һ㣬ȫʪ͸ˣҹ⻬ƽĵϻ˺ܶˮգɫ԰ףƺȫʧȥڴڵڵϴ
ͥҲ鿴һЩļ䡣ҶС綢˵ƺĻҶСٴδ߶ĵöԷʹ͡
ϽҶСĻȥҶС˫Ŀâųûһ谭ıͥ
ĸʱҶСպ˫ĿâѾԷͥеļȫ鿴ϡ
ӵϸйʧڶ鼮ҶСѯʵ
Ҳ̫ȷǰȥһ˻ģż䣬и˵ģҲǺϽ˵ƺҶСһ㡣
룬ҶСԼбҪȥǱһˣǱߵ
ȻƽԭϸĽսأҲ֮أȻž޴أ˵Щ
˯һɣҶС絭˵һ䣬йâһûڸڡ
Է˫۱պϣȻ˯˹ȥҶС绹̫ģ׵Ľ˶ԷΪӾǶԷ˹ҲѲˡ
ҶСıԼò׵ıӣһ·Ҳ˹Ƕ̬ɢƶһģһ¾걾˶ֱ治ʲô
дһʱ󣬽ԷļȫȻ˳ȥ
ҶСոմ߳ͥԺ͹ؽһ
ҶСܵȻĵ˵ͷȻųǱȥǳסĵط
ûҶС˳ĴһԻ͵Ľǰʵ
һֱڡһ˵
ҶСֱ˽ȥûҫУ˭֪Ͷ˹ϵܺãֵܻҪףǽȥҲҪͨ
߽סԺ䣬ҶС紩Խһȣһ˹Ϫǰ
ʱ;һ߶ˮбĿ񾳳ڵŮӣΪŴȥһӡ
ҶСߵϪߣֱϪߵһʯϣû˵ƺڵȴʲô
ıԼܵʱ򱻱˴ţǶϵͷǳã
ҶСѧŶӣһԲĬĬš
Сʱʱ䣬Ż˫ĿƺоĵʵܣΪͻˣ
ûУ磬ôͻƣ˷ǰҪ˵ҶСѧŶ˵ȫ
󣬴˻֣ŮԶ£˿̣ƬУֻˡ
ϵѨλ֪ˡһЦ˵
ļλܵˣûкãʱʱͻʹֻ̼ѨλʱʹŻỺܶࡣ
õĴ硣ҶС˵һˮ˴ߣȻ̼ԷҼϵѨλ
ܣĿԽԽˣһʱıչػЧģ˵˵ɣʲô飿Цʵ
磬¼ΪҪҶС翴˿࣬˵˶٣СǹڻĴϸ顣
Ŷ¶һĨȣƬطĻظƺﲻܷʲô飬涼֪һ㡣
磬ġ
ҶСո˵˼ֱ֣ӶˣٲһĻͬʱһƻԼǿһȫӿ˶Էڡ
ۡ
ǡ
ûзһѪѣһˣᣬҶСٴνĴڡ
㲻Ҷܣ˭㵽˭ҽһȻһŭ֮ɫʵ
û˵Ļ˵ܹҶСԿһʱ䣬ˣޱȣͲҶСĶ֣οѾҶСˡ
˭ҪֻҪ֪ӽԺҪԹԵҵĻСҶСָԼӣ˵
㡭ղŶʲôкһ˿ķŭҶС˵ոൽƺʲôڣ뵽ҶСĻòɡ


2115 ׼ȥ
ܹоԷĻҶС¶һĨɻ֮ɫ漴˵۷ĸȷʵһ㡣
㵽׶ЩʲôҶСƺ޲ýҶСˡ
ҲûʲôǼһЩܹĶҶС絭һЦ˵Ȼ߶öĵ
ɲǼʹͣҶСյĺܺãڶԷո׼ʱҶСֹͣ˿ơ
ĬȻϪҲû˸ղŵ£ж˼Ρ
ĬƬ̣ʵҶҲˣ
ҶС˵ͷ
ʲôҪģٴѯʡ
ҶСһƺ˵ڻûʲôҪģҲˣֻҪȴɣϣòҪ͸¶ȥ
ףֶȻ˵ȥ˵
ˡҶС˵ͷʧ
ҶСʧ󣬴ڸղҶСʯϣһͳƺ˭Ƿһƨծһ㡣
ΪԼĸۡܣһֻӶɲû뵽ҶС羹Ȼôɵؽ룬˶ˣ鴫ȥĻ϶ᱻĸЦ
̫ˣûдͱԷˡǳƵ˵оԼ̫ˡ
ҫڸֺҶСȥĳС
ͬİ취ȥԸЩ۷ĸ֣Ϊ͵ģȻΪЩ˵ӣ͵Ϯ۷ĸ֡
ȻܹԸ۷ĸ֣ȴҪһսʵ۷ֵĹעǾͲˡ
һܹԸǱˣǶһӵеĸֺܶ࣬ȻЩ˲вһ鷳ǻеġ
ԸЩ۷֣㹻ҶСͷۣⲻҪ㹻ģҪͷԣҪȻƭЩڸ֣ҲӻͿƲ˶Է
µʱ䣬ҶСſʮ۷֡
Щֺһô֣ͿԲвˣǰĵشѰһЩϸأһЩ֮ˮϢ
һֱûǣУ֮Ѿյֻ֣֮ˮˣֻҪܹҵţľ۹ȻΪ
ôĸֺһ̵ľۻᣬǽһͬʱһЩϻ󷨣ΪǶԸ۷֡
ڻľۻһǿԼĶͷ˹ʱ˶ԷҲˣӶͷΪͬһӪˣƺһͬʱѵָо
ҶСһźǴпҶСҰģȻҶСҲûбֱԲ˵ԼҪͳһⲻǵһڶͳһƽԭЩͥ
ҶСҪһͳƽԭЩ˶ΪҶСǷˣҶСǲò
Ǿ룬»пܳɹģһǲҶСΪڶҶСܹĽЩ˿ơ
㲻жϳҶСܹвУڲ㣬ȻһֽţҲΪܹͳһ
Ҫ޳ˣ޳ںƽԭٹ̣ͳһҪʱ䡢Ϊй˵ͷԡ
ͳһƽԭЩ˻Щ΢΢ڴϾûʲôܹͳһƽԭһ׳٣Ƕ뿴
ڻкܶ˵˼άѾñأļˣ֪ҶСҪһͳƽԭһеѪ·𶼱
ҶСǲЩ󣬻ѰҽǳصĲϣ֮вһ飬ҶС綼źˣֻҪļƻвܹա
˵ҶСĶѾˣʣµıǵȴˣȴвͳһȻԽǳˣֻҪĳǳغвĳǳؽϣƽԭûʲôܹκεˡ
ĳǳҲ򵥣ȻȫõĽȥǳȫ󷨾ܹˣʱ񾳺۷ֶƲ
Ǹʱ˶Կ޳ǵıǮˡ
Ȼ񱱷Ѿ½һǳˣϷжϡϣѾвٽĻƱػܶ˵ע⣬ҪЩǳصŬȥ˵ˡ
˵Щ׼ֱӳֽǳػ𣬲ЩҪԵֵΧ
ҶС˵ǳ¹ش󣬵Ȼ֮ˮҲ󣬸οҪȥĿ˻һǲġ
֮ǰҪȥ㰲һ£е鶼á


2116 
ϲԵشһǳڣһ޽ĺǺŵԺ䣬Ժ䣬Щ͵ĸۡСܶ࣬ڣϪϧݡֳ鶯С̨ͤ¥󣬶ûȱ١
Ӧһ仰ȸСȴȫ
Ժڣһдеľ£̳ʯǰ̳üͷ֪ٷʲôȴ̳ƺҪ̳͸
ã߽㣬ﵽΪʲôһӿ̳ʵ
ŮһһֻþǱ
ѵûвµ̳һЦʵ
һʱ䣬ס˺ܶʵĸˣʲôʱ򶼸ܿҲܣôʱжУȻһЩĻǾ̫ˡ
ֻµһ㣬һ׿˵΢΢˼һӯӯһЦ˵
ֻ̳ô˵һ䣬˿û͸¶Ϣ
ѵΪôôʲôĿģԾĿ̳ʵ
Ҳ֪ʲôĿģΪѣҰæѡ̳ɫ˵ҶСƣȻ˵飬Ҳ˵ҶСҰġ
֪ôأ̳⻰ȻţҲûʣ֪ʣ̳Ҳ˵
ôʲôĿģѵ̻ǶԿɣԣЩ˵ʵߣǿǣܹʲôأŹâ
ΪԱɣϾݵ̫ˡ̳ΪҶСԲŻš
𣿡̳ĿЩɻƺҲܹжϳҶС̳ƿôΪ˸ʲô
ŮˣòҪ£֪ĶԽ࣬Խ죬Ǳһĺá
ͻأ䣬һԺлصʱ˶վĶܣϵϢɢһɷɫɢɢƺҪҵ˵ټ
˭ȵ
ʱɫһεɢҶСӰ֣ϴ΢ЦŮôôһʱûмǾϲˣ
ߣԭ㣬һΪ˭أҶСһۣȻһ̳Ҳ
ôʱϲΣҶСҲԲʯǰȻĿͶЦʵ
ûǣÿ춼Ҫҵĺóȥս۶ˣѾϲһĸ˶ˣˣҶСʵƺҪҶС֪Щʲôһ㡣
ģҶС翴̳
ģٶȣҪһƬϲԵȫգ»Ҫµʱ䡣̳û˵һѻԹԵĽһж˵˳
ü֮ͳһͿԣҲһζȥǣӦĵ۷ͬʱҲѰҪЩϡҶСЦЦ˵
õġ̳˵ͷ֪ҶС̻ǴξۻиܵвҪȲĽвУڻģҶСĿǰûǸϾ񾳺ڸִڣҶС粻Ƕ֡
㾹ȻңһҼӣƺҶС˺һ㣬лỨ
Էı飬ҶСЦЦݼȻôͿԻôˡ
ҶС翴һƵӣͻȻ䣬·ʲôһ㣬۾ޱȣȻҶСʵô˵Ҫʲôѵʲô޴ı
ǶĿǺ棬ƺһʲ𰸾ֵ
˵㶼šҶС絭˵
˵š
ΪͳһƽԭҶСһ˵
һסˣһŵӣͻȻһЦ˳ָҶСЦ˵㡭㻹ͳһƽԭܹͳһƽԭҶܹͳһʧˣЦˡ
Цǰͱ鶼Ϊš
ӣҶС˵òôŰɣҸղѾ˵ˣ㲻ţȻˡ
ãţܹһͳƽԭдЦ˵
ţŲŹأͳһ˺ƽԭҪ޳ǵĳδأ
ʱ˵˼ٻԷпţ˵滰ԷҲпܲš
ǽҶС˵һͲţ֪ƽԭûбͳһôǱͳһһյʱ䶼ûУҶСܹͳһĻǼֱϵʯˣͲܵ顣
û뵽ǣ󻹳ˡ


2117 ϻ
Ů̸һᣬҶС㽫ĿͶ̳ͬʱһָһӵ̳üģһƹâӿʱ䣬ҶСջ֡
ǽǳصͼֽҪסܹһ˿Ĳˡ̳˫ĿҶС˵
ˡ̳˵ͷڣҶСΪӣҪȻԷĻɡ
˵ʲôĻʱЩ˵ƺҶС粻ӦоԼеˡ
ǺǣûʲôԺ֪ˣˣʲô飬ʱ֪ͨңһᾡҶС˵˷·ΪһƬʧˡ
ҶС˵߾ߣƺʲôܲһ漴ĿͶ̳
㣬ʱ飬㻹ǲҪ֪ĺãʱ֪˶㲻ãԺ󣬽綼֪ġ̳¶һĨ
ðɣ㲻ٱˣƣ㲻˵Ҳġһ۲ˬ֮ɫ˵
ҶСѾðٵ鶼ٺˣһ·ӻϲĲȥٶȼ졣
𱱲˵ϲľдУҶɽƱȽϸӣһ޼ʣ̲߱𣬻ǻƶ񤣬һݲΡ
Խϱߵв㣬ҶСһ߲鿴Щв㲻в㣬ֱȱȽǣܶĸ˶۷ĸ֣ЩѾҪ۷֡
Խв󣬿еһֻ֮ɷҲŨ˺ܶ࣬Ӻޣƺ΢һܹѪ
˿̣ҶСͨһƬïޱȵɭֻ֣ҪͨƬɭ֣㳹׵˻ĵش
ƬɭҲ֪ȻγɵģΪģȻн֮ЧҪƽֻ֮лƬɭ֡
߽ƬɭֲãҶС㷢ǰһƬɣɢһɰְΪزܹ赲ס˵ߣܹ赲ס˵
ô£ѵǴȻ󷨲ɣҶСͬʱҲ
ʧϸʱĲ磬ȻڶأлΣգɲϣ﷭˴
ݡ
ͻȻ䣬ûκεףǰͳһɫ֦һֱ֦üġ
ٶȲ㶼ҶС練ӦϽǶ֦һͣסˣͬʱΪ˷۳
һҶСͷ϶ðЩ亹Ϊ츳㲻ι
˭
ҶС羯ܣһ˵ͬʱԼɢķΧǸûҳʲô
ô£ôʲôûз֣ҶСüͷоɻ֮ɫ
ݡ
ɫ֦ҶС繥һιҶСû뵽ڶι㹻ķӦʱ䣬˻ΪӰɫ֦ķȥ
ػӰЩɫ֦һʧȥĿ꣬ҵĹҶСóĻӰһ顣
ͻȻ䣬Щɫ֦˺ܶ࣬ƺʧһ㣬ɭһƬžûУоΪ죬ƺղŵĹֻǴһ

ҶСٴδһΧȻûʲô
⵽ôˣٴνɢϸĲ鿴Χһ״
ԣһǧʮľӴ쳣ɢҲȽǿң⣬
ͬʱһһӳ˾ʮľԶ
ҶС翴˿ܣбųµĹâ׵ĳʮƣʮǡӦʮľ
µͬһ㣬Ƭɭֶڲ·ӵſĥһеΰ
䡪
ҶСµʮ֮£ʮľʱը˿ͬʱಣһӰʮľзɳվҶС粻Զ
ʮӰҶС¶һĨ֮ɫǰʮӰ༸һǵΪɫֱ۱ȽϳƼһ֪ڴ
ϻ壿ҶСһѯʵ
ֵʮһֱǱû˷ǣû뵽Ȼ㷢ˣ㻹мֹ֮ʮϻУмͷɫĿЩ֮ɫ˵
Щ˺ľм֮Ǿͨľ֮ΪʢͬЩľɱģʮ˵Ϊﵽڣȴûдﵽ۷壬ҪȻҶСֻܹˡ
ɭǵĵ̣ǵս԰ٷ֮ٵķӣսΪҶСԣЩӰ߻ⶼǲء
ϻʲôҶСĿһɨʵ
ʲôʧ籾ǵĵ̣ҪȻЩɶǿߣǻᱻϵϱߵɽˮ𣿡ַŭ˵ҶСĿɱ⣬һĨ׳һƺҶСղʵ̫ûˮƽˡ


2118 ɱ
һЩϣһЩֿе֪ʧǰϻ塢޾еЩ塢бĵ̡
ʱһߺûƻһУǳսֽʧ磬е˳ȥ
ЩУʧ粻ʲôطǵģݵȵط˲һȺǿռǵĵ̣Ȼǳŭ
ѵû˷𣿡ҶС綢ѯʵ
ȻзֵģЩѾˣΪǵϣһѵķ֮أǴֻҪÿչֵѪ⾫ܹΪˣ㿴ʵ㣬ʵܹ۷塣Ϊ׵ϻ֮˷ܵĹâƺҶСȫ
ҶС¶һĨ֮ɫϻһȺȻ֮еˣû뵽Щ˾Ȼ˴˵ȶ񶾵ĹѪ⡣
ĿɨӸղʮľ淢˺ܶãЩõĹͷûһ̺ˣ˸ɸɾ
ߣֻҪǸ£ǧҪȫʮȡҶС˵ȳ֣ö
ɲǼ䣬ʮϻɫһ䣬ͬʱƺһˣһ˲䣬ҶСһӱʧԭأһӳһϻ
ǿĳһв̺ǿޱȵȥһϸߣЩϸĽУΪˡ
ģСġ
ֲԶһϻַӦ˹ϽβסĽ
ȻǳˣҶСһѾӡ˶Էĺ󱳡
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һֺҶС粢ûͣȣϵǿޱƱԲʮڵľڷҡܶľֱӻΪ˷۳
һۡһ㣬˫ĿĹâ˫лһعγɵƥЩ֣ƺҪЩһ㡣
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һӸղͷϻ֮˿зɫâҫʱ䣬ɫҶСӡȥ
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䡪
ҶСȥĹȫ飬ԷɫҲˣѵֿ²ʱ䣬ƬؼĹ򶼻ˣԲ֮ڣеľ˷ĩһ޴Ŀռ䣬Щʧˡ
ͷ˳׵ľ룬Ҳ˺ܶ롣
㾹Ȼնɱģˡɶ࣬һҪҪ
һϻŭĺͬʱɫâʢϣıɫɣЩǴһ㣬ÿһж̺ſµ
ϻҲôһӣ϶ͬǴһĸ롣
Щ벻ΧؼĹ˵
ҶСоԼƺһɢƣֱӷԼëףڵй¶֡
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ͷϻֳ˹ĸ빥ҶС磬ϸҲ׷״̳ҶС·סˣƺҪҶСһϼ룬ȻҶСڵһ
ռ䶯ҡ
ҶС˫Ŀһ˵ĸ֣ͬʱ˫лһޱȵĹ켣Щ켣γ˶صĹƺⷽؼĹ򶼱仯ˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСΪģԲһڣռ䶯ƺܲȶɲǣռλÿһĿռ·һεˡ
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һĻɫѿޱȣһƺû뵽ҶСԿռѾ̶ֳȡ
ʱҶСĿɨǰȻ̤һռҵĲиƺվȡ
˵ŭĶ顣
һɢˮĲǰ㡣
ǹβֻ֮Ҫϻ֣ǵɫ˲䣬ͬʱؿڣƺؿʹ̡
ȡȡҪˣҪˡ
ͻأ䣬һַǳʹĺ񣬸˸оǷһ㡣


2119 
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ϻЩֶϽ˹ʵһǵģһ˿˿΢΢Ļңָо̫ˣǸûзҶС֣϶ȴʹĺ
ʱһɫҲһ飬˫ؿڣһʹ֮ɫͷ亹ֱ
ʹʹϽ뿪ﲻ̫Ծǿʹ˵Ļո˵Ҳ̲סˣҽƺĪʹһ㡣
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϶ɫһʹĺţЩϻָӻˣƺһĪľĵӡ
ߣ϶뿪Ϊ׵ϻּΪ侲˵
ִ϶Ͻ뿪ҶС粻ĸƺڿһϷһ㡣

ȡ̫ˣҪˡ϶ʹĺţȻûкгɫͨ죬˷·˻һ㣬ɫļ϶Ļ졣
˺ޱȣΧĿռ䶼΢΢

ͻȻ䣬ͬʱҽһ۾ӡУ˻棬ǹޱȣ˵ֶϽɿ֡
̡
ǵɫΪ˽ɫð֮ҲûκֱΪ˽̿
ŭŭһŭͻĻҶСֱӶĻȼյĸΪңڶ⣬ȫˡ
϶תۼ˽̿ʣʮǷŭһֱʹ
ֵʮתۼֻʣʮˣ˶Ѿˣû뵽ҶСʵȻôǿ
Ȼɱǵֵܣ˭ҲȲ㡣Ϊ׵ϻַŭĶҶСźݻƺнҶСնɱʵ
ɱߺɱ֮նɱô֣ǵ˱ӦʱˡҶС˵
ϣٴζ˫лֹ켣·ǴеĹ켣İ
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ҶСƺ˷һ㣬Ǿ֮ૣĳֱС
ʮϻ֣ƺһҲУƺһ޼ʵĵϣ׹ۣ͸¶һֻ֮쳹˵ꡣ
һʮ϶һãһְ̾Ǳˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ϊ׵ϻ֣˫Ŀ¶֮ɫ˵ףһ
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ͬʱ³һɫѪҺ˵Ϣή˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˲ˡ
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˶ˣ쵱ϣһ
֪ΪһʼĴ⣬ҶСĹǴ·磬һˣڸӲҶСĶˣΪǲ֪ҶС绹ʲôµĹ
Ȼֵܣǣֵܸ
˸ϽɭǱУֻҪɭǱ㰲ȫˡ
˵ϻûӣ¹ֱرںֵܸ飬һҲѵлӵˡҶС绺˵ͬʱһʮɵľ׷˹ȥ
ҶСĻתȥҶСսһûϴֻǿš
ʮεģٶȼ죬ƺܹκľλλ
ҶСٶҲҲʱسɴ磬ʱԽռ䣬ʼսظ
ܲ˵ġҶСһ˵ٶһ˺ö࣬˲ͳʮϻǰ棬ĿЩˡ
ôλλӲҶС۾
ҶСǰɫһ䣬ѿͣסΣضҶС硣
࣬ѵ׼𣿡Ϊ׵ʵɫһҪƴȫӡ
ơҶС˵
֪ϻЩ˱رǿŹǣ˭֪ԺǻԼʲô鷳վͽȫնɱ
壬һȥҶС粻ŹǣΪ׵ֵһ˹ȥ˽ظ
ǵͻȻȼɫĻ棬ƺĻ棬Ļ档
ɫһܹȼǻûгҶС͸ܵڵƺһֲܿƵӡ
Һʵǿһѹסˡ
˫Ŀâų츳Բ֮ڣ֮Уÿһع򣬻ÿһԼ֮ڽС
·Χڱһһ㡣
ʮ˽ҶСΧʱ̶жܵ˼ƣһֿµѹÿϡ


2120 ĳ
ҶСڣףǸı飬ʮڸֶûҶСΪߣսҲҶС磬ûͲҶСĶ֡
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ر仯ֽ⡣
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㾹Ȼߣϻĸ־Ĳ㡣Ϊ׵ϻΪǿСڣƺһɵӰ˻꣬ɵꡣ
ߣô˵һȻ̤ϻģҪ׼ҶС˵
ʱڹ˿µĿռ籩ƺռȫ顣

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ǿռ籩Ȼǹһ֣ҶСѾգЩһ֮ѡ
˼ϻĸ־ȻѾ˺ƽԭǱҲǺ̫ƽ˵Ѿע⵽˺ƽԭҶС
һȻһ֦ϣ˷·ľһ֣ܹ⣬Էֲˡ
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ģֹ֮ӻңĿжɢһѪϢƺĵط֮ͨ·
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ƺûгǳһ㣬ȴ٣кܶҿջҲкܶ־ס񷿣ЩԼ޽ġ
˿ƺûй̶ص㣬ɹŰһ㣬ߵǼҡ
ľȻ㣿ҶС𾪵ĿǰһĻЩԼ۾
Ϊĳǳؿ϶ӸߴΰҲޱȣû뵽ǳȷʵ˵ƾɣ̶Ҳһ㣬ĵƺһּΪʧĸо
ʱЩɻ󣬰˵Ӧ÷Ŷ԰ô˵Ļ˵ƶࡣ
Ȼڻڵɻ󣬲ҶС绹Ǽǰߣӵĳǽ߽ȥɲǼ䣬ĿⶼͶϣƺ˹עһ㡣

һĥһſڴֻһŰӵ׳ڻĥǶΪжɸңƺǻһ㣬ÿظĶһ˿˿
ǰһҷװУһֲ·Ŵɫ廨ЬŮӣСϣһ˿·Ż
ոҶСĿ⣬ǵҶСȥʱȴֶԷûп
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ҶСüо˵Ŀ⣬Ťͷȥʱȴûзһ˿ƺղֻǴ䡣
ͻȻ䣬бųһĹâ룺ԭˣҾ˵ôô֣ԭǵ̵ˣǽֵߵǣǶû˵һ仰ŵĳУ˽Ųɻ飬Ҳû
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һĻҶС˫Ŀбų⣬һһȻ䣬ЩʧˣƺΪޡ
ʱƽĽֵϣȻӰЩ˵ΪΪڣײ㶼ӵУЩһֺܷŭܱⶢҶС硣
ЩĿ⣬ҶСﶼ̲סë


2121 ȥĳǳ
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ͻȻ䣬ҶС緢˲ԾӣЩܸһִ͵ĸоƺǱ˿һ㡣
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ѵѵղЩ֮ǰĸ֣ҶС
ƾޱȵĻĳУϸĲ鿴һУһ˿Ϸ֣ƾɳǳдڵЩ֣ȥûж೤ʱ䡣
ղҶСЩǲʵ־ĳֹȻ˱仯ǰڵһĻԭ˳
ƾɵĳҲǧ˰ɣҲ֪ʲô˾ȻһƳǵȫնɱˣҶС롣
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һ·ϣ˺ܶƳǣЩƳжһЩߣȻοĲǻ󣬶ʵڵġ
ЩǳؿãϣǽϣһƬѪ죬ƺѪɫĵڳǳеɷʮ㣬˫Ŀͨ죬ƺʱпܱ
ȻǰɱƵĳǳԽԽ࣬ȴΪãҶСвܶࡣ
ҶСһǺĳǳأǳȻЩƾɣǰЩǳغ˺ܶ౶
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Щ˵ĿУҶС粻֪Щ飬֪˻ģһ޴ޱȵĳǳأϸĳǳأ߼࣬еĸֶ
˵ģҲôһ޴ĳǳأĳǳظͳƲϳǳأ˵ǵĳǻࡣ
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ǲײĲˡҶС˵һץµ˳Ƭռֱ˺ѿһӰɳ
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ãʡһʮ˵ƺû֪顣
ҪϸʱĶ֪ʲôطСҶСʵ
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ϸĹ¥̨ʮ㣬¥ֻ̨оŲ㣬ҪҵҪԵˡ˵


2122 ܣ
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ҶСض꣬һ˵ͷ˵Բˣȥġ
ӶԷѾжϳ˶Էû˵š
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ܹЩҶСЩȵʵ
ֻܹһ㣬ǵ㣬Ҳ㲻ٶԴͨͨ򿪺δѾˣһСС飬пδĸı䣬㡣΢΢һ̾˵


2123 Űɱ
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ҶСǳſڣֱӷɽȥϧǽ֮һܼҫǿâľ޴һΣУòĴ㡣
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ոͨţҶС̲סüͷŵŨŨѪζһʬζģҲƽԭġ
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ǳڵĽǳϣҲһܲƵӣһЩѾҡҡ׹ȻиС
ֵϣܶ࣬ˣɱ˵ʱڴʱһҪע⣬ҪȻˣҲ֪˭ɱġ
һɵϣһصѪҺʣѪҺеĽɫѾʧˣֻʣͨ죬һѵĭӿƺ˲á
ͻȻ䣬ҶС翴һ񾳳۷ּ֣䣬նɱǿߡ
ɱ˺ӶԷ´ָȻȻȥƺղŵһжûзһ㡣
ʬûᣬôڽֵϣɫѪҺʣȾһƬ档
ÿ˶ģû˻ںЩһʼ㻹ϰߣͻϰߡܽ͵
ҶС翴˿ʬ壬Ȼ˹ȥһӣʬ㱻ޣɫѪҺҲʧ
ҶСĶܿЦһ£룺û뵽նɱô˵Ȼ
ҲЩҵ۾ҶС絭˵
ʱĿͶҶСϣƺҶСղһĻ˸о棬ΪǴЩʬ壬ʧ˲̤á
Ҫ鷳ˣղһһЩоǶ£Щ˲һࡣ΢΢һ̾˵
Ҳ⽫ЩȫնɱҶСĻ͸ɭɭ⡣
˲׵ľͣΧϰ޼䣬˰ΧһײеĹâ
㲻ʺǳء
һڸĿҶС˵ȻһЦҶС˹ּ״Ҳ׷
ÿһ϶˿µƣƺƬռѾˣ˷С
ۡ
ͻأ䣬ûκεףһը˿ѪĽգۼ䣬ʮѪһء
һĻһӽܶ˶סˣǷ׷ջԼĹһĶҶС磬ƺû뵽ҶСʵȻôǿתۼ䣬նɱôˣײУǻҪײС


2124 £
ʸǳء
ڸ֣ҶСһۣȻ뿪
СһǸϻΪǸܵˣû뵽ȻôײУ̫ˡ
ҶСһնɱô֣סΧеˣЩһ뿪ˣƺҶСὫնɱ
ʱ򣬻ҪеֶΣȻһ㣬ȴЧķҶС
ʱҶСǰжʱǰһЩ׼˶ΪҶС·ƺҶС罫նɱ
һնɱˣò˶ñһЩ˺ͷǡܿҶС˵˷ܵĹâƺҪҶСٴɱ˵ӡ
ӵʱ䣬ҶСͣ˽Ų漴Ƴһܣѻ졣
ܻ˵Уֺü˶ܵ˼ƣҲ֪Щôǵġ
΢΢һ㶣漴Ӧ˹ȻûзЩ֣ҶСĻУƶϳһ¶
ûжúһӸǰΪ׵һƤ׵ˣΪѾڣŵ񾳳۷ǿߣһ㡣
һ£ղڴϣһնɱ˼ʮ֣˹ֱѯʵһĻﶼûнֱ⡣
ңôˣѵǳͷҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һУϸĺһ˵ԾҪɱ˵ӡ
ûԸΪ˳ͷǻεĹֻл˲Żܵ𾴣ղΪѾ֪ˣǸ˲ţǰɣ㲻ڵġ˵ͬʱҶС֡
һ̼䣬˶ĿͶҶС磬ֻҪҶСͳһͶԷո־ˣһԣֻҪԷ֣ȥգԷ֣Ƕ𾴣ʵĿ϶
ϧҶСƫƫǸˣûգʵѵƾһ仰ҼǣҲ̫˰ɣ
ɫÿĬĬջƣгһɷŭǰʵ̫ʶȤˣȻһӶ̫ˡ
˵öԣǲһЩСѣʲôʸ㣬㻹Ǽǰɣ񾳺ڸֳֻҪǣû˸鷳ʱһͬʱͬһ񾳸ڸ˹һĻڸ֣˿ǲŲͻƵӡ
Ŷ񾳸ܴܲù޳ǵĳҶС¶һ˿΢Цʵ
ѣ㿪Ц޳ǳΪѾ񾳺۷壬һܹ۸ֵĲˣȻǵĶ֡ոջͷʮǿһЦ˵
ƺҶСĻһӸܴĴ
Ȼ򲻹ҲҼǣҼ޳ǣҶûȥҶС翴ڸ֡
󣬲ɫסˣǰ׼ҶСɫҲסˣ֪ҶСǲκ֯ġ
ߣţƤҪ̫ˣҪȻ֪ʲôʱġһֺܲˬ˵
ɱҡҶС˵
㡭
ˣѣȻûҪЩ˼ǾҪСЩնɱЩһıָ׼˵㱻˻
꿴ҶСһۣȻȥҲĬĬȥȴŹâƺЩʲô˼
ĻУѣҲв
Щ˶Ʋ磬ղ֮ûг֣Ϊǲɢ֪ǵ磬Щ˿ҪˣܹǼϮɱôǱΪʸˣ㲻ٳֶԸˡѵ
ڲ̸ЩʱҪ¥̨ҶС絭˵һ䣬Ȼǰȥ
εЦһ£ҲҶСȥ¥̨
¥̨λǳģԶԶ䶼˹¥̨¥̨·һ㣬ֱֱĴ̽գƺ͵
ߴ󣬺ΰǹ¥̨˵ĸо
ûöã˱¥̨ܣߴǽڰΧƺһʩ˽С
ڹ¥̨һȦǽϣֻһдţǰ۷־վڻкö֣о񾳺ǿߡ
ҶСܸո߹˴ſ۷ֵע⣬ǽĿͶ˹Ŀдž֮ɫһӡ
ֹʮ׵ķΧɱһ۷˵
Ѫǵˣ׼ڹ¥̨ûˣǰһʵ
һ⻰ڸɫź˺ܶࡣ


2125 
ûˣ֤Ѫǵˣʱһ˵
չһöѪɫƳ֣öƳֵ˲䣬һѪ֮ӿϢӰƬռееƺЩñ
ɫһ䣬Ͻ˵Ѫǵˣȥɣ
ǿѪ֮˶оѣģƺƾѪ֮ɢĻǶ߻ħ
ƣܵĴ£˽ȥ
һΪѪ˺ˣû뵽ȻǾʦͻȻ䣬һЦһ˳ܺҶСǰ
˵ΪѾ񾳺ڣ˵̬ȫܷ˺ͬһ߶ȣܹܼΪ
شһʱˡЦЦ˵
࣬ﶼһܹʦһǰǣչص˿˿ҶС磬ȻĿͶܡ
شˣ㽫ŽȥָҶС˵
ش˴һҶС磬ȻüͷгԾޱȣԼȻ͸Ϊ̫ˣѪյĸ֣
ǣϣش˰һ¡˵
ѪǵģʦӦ֪ûֵѪǣҪĻҪһۣΪһˣֵ𣿡شֱӿ˵
ǳ˵˼һҪ󡣡˵
󣬹ش΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵ͷȻǳ˼ȥһ£ϣĶʲô
˵ţش˱ʧˣҶСֻһͨ˵Ļ˵ʲôش˶ͬ⣬֣ҶСأһ㶼͸˲ͬ
¥̨ͬģڵĿռ䣬ÿһֻʹãѪѾʹùˣ룬Ҫһ겻׼ĴۡܿҶС˵
лҶС˵
һ󣬹ش˲֣˼ӵĿҶСһۣ˵ɣ
ڹش˵Ĵ£˹¥̨·һ޴ʯǰʯǽ¥̨ͨ
¥̨ΰޱȣƣϻָޱȵĻƣЩͼи޵ţǿͼƺڵЩͼչһʲôһ㡣
ʱʯǰѾִˣһһŮ񾳺ڸ֣붼֪ǰ׵۳Ǻ̻ǵˡ
֪Ѫǽȥʲô飬ȻǸԸһʱȡһλ᣿ǳɫȹŮЦȻشˣȻڿҶС硣
ʱ䣬ҶСþ΢΢㱣˲˹˺ҶСķӦһǿŮһ˿ļɵ
ʦҲ֪ʲôȻһֱѹûбԻ
˼Ȼ͸ûбԻ󣬿ѪǽȥȻʲôˡŮдЦ˵
Ȼֻƽһ仰ȴ˸档
ǸŮش룬ȴɫ˵Ī˵ЦˣѪһʼõĺ󱲶ѣҪڹ¥̨дһʲô
𣿡Ůӷһ䣬û˵
ʱ񾳺ڸͬʱóһ״ĶǸԷʯ룬һβڡ
ˡ
ʱ䣬ʯŲһһҫ۵ĹâҫʯѾʧǰһţƺʯתġ
ȥɣش˿һҶС˵ĹâҲ֪ʲô
ء˵һ䡣
ҶС˵ͷӹ˽ȥ߽ȥ˲䣬âɲʧֳһʯţƺղŵ鲻ǻþ
ϹأѪ󱲵ԾȻôãҲôƽ治򵥰˵ܹﵽҪĳ̶ȡ׵۳˵
ǰǸ治ҶЩĶŮ˵ϷɳһĨϼ
һҲ̫ܹϷˣش֪֮ô˵ΪеõһЩǶ֪ԼǸͣʱЩ飬ľ˵˳ȴ̡
ԼԷֶ֪˵ǶԷˡ
Ǻǣе츳ѣֻԺߵʲô̶ȣ˭Ҳ˵ش˺ǺһЦ˵
ඣҪ»һʱ䡣˵һ䣬Ȼʧˡ
ߺʣһһŮ
ѪνʲôĿģҪȻҲѪǵľʦˣһ⡣Ů˵Źâƺʲô
鷴Ȼ⣬ȵϸ⣬ǲһǸ˵ϣǿ֪һʲôҪȻôһĨڣ֪ô֡˵
Ůӵ˵ͷ漴Ҳ뿪


2126 Ѱ
ΧŹ¥̨Χǽڣ¥̨ԶһСԺУܺѪǹش˶ľʷϣϰڷ˾ˮɹ
ʦ˵˵ʲôȻܹóһʱ¥̨ȥ֧ش˿ʵ
һǰڵķ׷ķҶ۹ǱǸ˶ܿãҲʹ˵ĵƽԭľ޴ı䣬ˣ㲻ǿĻعͻὫĨɱ΢΢һ̾˵
󣬹ش˲Щݣһԣͨ˶ܹһ㶫Ҫһ˵˵ĻҪһۣԽߣδԽȷˣԽ㡣
˵ҪҶСˣֱӱĨɱô˵ҶСԺشУΪҪˡ
ѹֳκشһȻ֪ҪȥѰʲô
ѰҹϸʱһЩأҪˣŹǸڵʮ㣬ϧ¥ֻ̨оŲ㡣˵
ԸܹҵҲ˽һЩǸ顣شЦЦ

¥̨һ㣬տޱȣͬԳһռһ㣬ΧǽϿһЩĻƣЩƸһֺܹĸоƺĳֵϵĺۼв̫
Щ⣬ռеΪŨعƺҲܶ࣬ȷʵܹع
ȻҶСҲһʱ䣬֪¥̨ĿĲѰҸʱһЩء
ҶСΧһǽڿ˿ŹκεȻ¥ǰڶ㡣
ڶ͵һһΧǽǹϻƣڶ㲻ǿյģǷһЩѾľ磬ЩϿһЩ˵ӣͼȵȡ
ҶСԶԶĹۿûһ˿ƺ·һ˿Щɢһѻҳ
ˣҶСҲһѶѵĻҳЩûעЩȫɢ䡣
㣬Ĳ㡢㶼ǿյġ
ҶСֱ˵ھŲ㣬ھŲڲǿյģʮܣʮŮӼΪŮƯޱȣƺڵҪ˺ܶࡣ
ǵӣֱǻṴһ㣬ܹúܶݡ
ЩϸʱĸְɣǻǷҶС
ϸʱǻеǸʱ˴ޱޱȣǻ츳ãֻϧû㲻ĴڣҲûԶʱЩջǶʧʷĳУЩôʧģҶСͲö֪ˡ
ѵϸʱļأֻôѰأҶС
˵ĵʮ㣬ҶС粻ɵ̧ͷͷһƬʣƺʲô赲סһ㣬Ϳͷ
ھŲû¥ݣҲ˵ûͨʮͨ⵽ûеʮ㻹һ¡
ҶСչһӽͷĸоͷһұڣûνĵʮ㡣
ѵνĵʮֻǸԣҶСνĵʮ㣬ԽԽ
˵ֻǵһҰοɣҶСڵھŲת˺ܶȦŤŤЩ񣬿ûʲôأ֤һжͽͣûҵʮ㡣
ȻҶС粢ûȻӵһ㵽ھŲѰңϾϢܸģѾˣӦò
һڵʱ䣬ҶСȻûκͷЩķҡ
ٹ죬ҶСͳ׵ķˡ
ˣѰҲͽͣһϾһ˹¥̨װѪһʱ䰡Ҫá
ҶСվڵھŲ㣬ɢԼ˹¥̨ϣŹ¥̨ع
¥̨Ȼһ㣬˵ҶС罫һڹ¥̨ʱҶСоԼƺΪ¥̨
Χһжİ֮УߴͬһĹ¥̨Χع˿߼Ϊƺ۶ܹһع˿ߵɱ仯
ܹһЩЩ
ҶС˵Ѿ˹УѵʱͿռܶѾˣڲϰһ£Ȼûյġ
һḶ́ҶС˵ƬڵĹȫˣ»̤һ˼ľ磬Աνķǿ
ʱһȥҶСعԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽĿ˹γ򣬻б仯
ʵڽţΪȻ۷壬ս˺ܶ࣬¸Ǿ߷Ϊ֪Ѿᵽڡ
ҶСʵõطػȻиĸֽ٣ȫҶСնɱ


2127 
¥̨ھŲ㣬պ˫ĿҶСͻȻ˫ĿâŷϸȥĻͻᷢâȫع۶ɵģʮֿ¡
·ǻ⣬ڲŻعһ㡣
ȻѾ˶ʮ죬ʱû졣ҶС¶һĨȡ
ûܹҳϸļأˣȳȥɣҶС˵Ȼȥ
ոߵһ㣬ͻȻ䣬ͣס˽ŲĿͶǽЩƣЩʲôãѵֻΪ˴ʲôԣЩƺȻһ塣
ҶСĿõǳһ㣬Ͻܵ˵ڶ㣬ǽϵĻƺܵ˵㣬ҶСֳ˵ھŲ㡣
ЩȷʵǻȻһ壬ѵʲôܲɣҶС
ԼͷŶһһĹЩģĹ£ЩƾȻƺ
ҶСβʱڵϿ̻·Ȼƻӡ
ӣǰһĻһ
뵽ҶС湴¥̨̫ˣΧڱϵĻƼ࣬ҶС޳Ӥ¸
ʱ䣬ҶСɫԽԽףͷ϶˺飬ЩѾҶС繴յ˵ھŲ㣬ʣһǡ
ܷһǰˣҶС粻ϵĸԼ
ӣʮӣʮӣڣʣһˣһʣҶСҧƴͷۻһʡ
ҶС罫һʹճʱ򣬹¥̨ڱڻȫˣ¥̨ƺһΪ˳ӿȫ˹¥̨ڡ
һĻ̫׳ˣԶԶǹ¥̨ذ˷
ǳΧǿ߶סˣÿһǿ߶ĿͶ˹кܶǿ߷׷׸ƺҪʲô顣
׵۳ǵꡢ̻ǵŮӡѪǵĹش˺;ʦ֮⣬жڸ֣Ƿ׷׳˹¥̨ſڣһŹ¥̨ƺҪЩʲô
׷ʲô飿ûκζĹ¥̨ôֱ仯̻񾳺ڵŮӽĿͶ˹شˡ
ҲĿͶ˹شˣ˵Ŀƺش֪Щʲôһ㡣
ǲҪôңҲ֪ô¡ܶĿѹ£شҲЩڣæ͵
±Ͼ̫ˣ¥̨Ȼ춯˭Ҳû뵽
Ѫǵˣô᲻֪أѵѪʲôı׵۳궢Źش˵
ƨʲôıʲôıܹȵ𣿡شһ˵鼫Ϊˬ
ǸҶСǳˣԼȴҪôѹʲô
ߣ˭֪أǻǽȥһ׷ʲô顣׵۳һ˵
Ů˵ͷĿͶ˹شˣ˵Ŀ£شһΣȻ˾ʦ
ʦü˼һȻ˵ͷҲЩΣȻѪʵǿ󣬵ǹϵϸʱ飬ԷȻò
֪ҶСѾõ˹¥̨ڵʲôܣҪȻҲֳôĶ
ðɣش˵ȻԼյһöͼ˳
ٴνյĽͼӡʯŵİڣϧʯһ㷴ӦûУƺʧЧһ㡣
һĻ׵۳̻Ůɫѿޱȣ˵һ㣬ش˺;ʦûʲôƺĵһ
ǸСǵûҲ֪ʲô׵۳
شˣ¥̨ôĹϣѪӦҪһ˵ɣ̻ŮӶŹشʵ
˵ʲô˵˭֪ô£˵ǹ¥̨з˱仯شƲƲ˵
ƨĹ¥̨ٲ仯粻仯ǡǡѪǽְٽȥ˱仯˵ºѪûйϵ˭أ׵۳ź˵
ǰŲţºѪ޹أУѪǵˣʲôˣ۹ǱѾϸǣ˵۹أΪ޳ǼشƺЩֻ˵
ǸҶ̻Ůü˵
شЦЦ˵
ʱ׵۳̻ǵŮӶĬ
Ƕ˵£Ҳ֪ҶһЩϣǲûзϣֳôĶ϶ˡ
ô˵ºѪŲжΡ׵۳˵ȸղź˺ܶࡣ
һ¥̨ͳ⣬пֻòɶѣһͻָش˵
󣬶Ź¥̨ƺҪ͸һ㡣


2128 ϸ
ʯŴ򲻿׵۳̻ǵŮӶˣȻвʣǣȴ˿ûʲô취
¥̨ڣھŲ㣬ҶС羲ĿǰһĻڱϵЩƶһһεΰ
ھŲϿգƬɵͻȻ䶯γһ״ɢſµ
䡪
ҶСһʧȥ˻һ㣬˫ĿͣγɵС
ҶСʶȫ˽ȥô赲赲ˣһֲת
һƬޱȵأ뵣ʧҪŨҪ߼
Ϊ̣̺ȵ峺ˮ׵ɳʯĿ
һƯƶˣǸ߸ϵ񹬣һطпµƱǸ޴ڡ
ҶСʶƺΪһӰͬһԹһ㣬硣
ʶжƺѾһ㣬ԶƯƯȥĵط
òʧܹжϳǸʱ
ʱУعΪռѹ޴󣬿¾ʥֶնС
УһҸָսУƺؿͣһЩеӡ
ЩתиָΪƵĿܣ߿Խڣ൱Լϴһܻס
ʱڻеϷչ˼£ߵΪҲ˼ߵľ磬ǶİѾ΢ȥ飬ǾԲһ˿˿
ҶСǵʶƮУƯŹƮȥ
ڣҶС翴һ޴ĳǳأǳطޱȣͻĵĳǳһģһ
޴ǳظ߿գһ޴ĹƯ··ĳǳ໥Ӧһ㡣

ҶСԶʱʮŵӰЩϵϢΪ£ÿһӰϵϢͲۡǵǣƺǻҪǿܶ౶
Щ⣬һһͷӣΪÿһǿǰ͸ƳɵıζľˮƺרΪЩַġ
緢չ̫ˣѾͣǴء󣬻գǶѾٳĹ򣬾С綼ٵĲˣٿ٣綼ҪΪ֧Ųסˡһǿ˵
浹һ磬Ǹ绹ڽĽ׶ΣҲ˶ٸ֡
ѵҪɱһ𣿡ʵ
ʱ涼žƺ˶˼С
ҶС羲Щ˵ǵĻУҶСжϳ˺ܶණ緢չ̫ˣ˿˺ܶ࣬綼ˣһ޴Σ
취вͨĨɱֻ֣ᱥͣѵҪϵؽɱʧµҪȻջᱻعĨɱ
ô죿ѵҪΣصȥѰµ磿
Ŀǰƺֻ취Ǵﵽ磬Ϊλǿǰ·һʲôӵġ
Ҷûһ硣
УУҸܵ״̬Ҳһ˲䡣λϣһɫɳۣһͷ׷߼ᶨ˵ɢһǿ֮ƺЩֵһ㡣
Ǹ磬վھ֮ϸأϵһжӲƿأããǺӣҲΣǲƬأܵƬصơ
ҪǰҪͻơ
ͻȻ䣬һתҶСʶƺھ죬ܹ
絽͸¶һձɽĳĺ֮ȫûһʼֳһ٣߸ֳ
¡
һƬطһ۷ڶ췣׵֮ʱ۷ֱޡ
һĻҶСĿ΢΢һ췣ֲ̫ˣƺһ㣬Ȼ񾳳ڸ֡
鲢Ƿһܶ췣ˣĺɱؼһƬɱ֮ռѹҲ˺ܶࡣ
ҶС翴һ۷ֶɹ˰˵췣ϧھŵ췣ȻʵĶ첻Щ˻һ㡣
磬ƺĵ㣬Ҳϡ˺ܶ࣬峺Щǣľڴ̣ݻ˺ö࣬ɢһݼŵϢ
ʲô飿ȻǵԹŭҶС
˵ΪλͻȻô٣ԭܶ˶ɥ췣֮¡


2129 ϸ2
ûһʱܹԶȥҲǸܹϸ̫ǿʢˣǷ۸־ȻʹﵽʮλЩ۸ʵǿޱȣЩ۸ʵǿĶࡣ
ָǶ壬ڸڶ࣬Դȫռ죬ͺһȺȳʳѪҺĹͻָʢת˥Ҳ
УҶСԵߵ۹⿴磬˥
˺ܶ췣֮»Ϊޣܶ۷Ϊ־ͻơ
ٴһ䣬ع˺ܶ࣬Ļϵĳʧȥɫ綼ػߣƶƯЩȥûԡ
ԭɾĸоڣеֻǻ
ʱЩǿÿڵɢƺ˵Ѿ޷ЩˣƮ˿־塣
һЩ˵Ϊʥֱӵ䵽죬Щ˶ͨˣǿ׳⣬ûа
ƺһƬҰ˵ϣƺһ޴ڵȫ⡣
Уʮǿ߿ȥƺЩƣôǵʵˣƺڵҲʧ
ǵΪ̫ǿˣֹʧˣڵҲڲʧš
ôشҶˣԻ͵˼±˥һεĹʲô취޷ıˡ
ѵûʲô취ǲĿ㡣
еĹɣ޷ֹ
ʵа취ģôһֱоܹһ磬ҿ϶һεļһ磬ܹͻƣֻҪͻƣܹѣƬصӰ졣Щ˿˵
Ǹһ˲䣬Ǹˣһ˲䣬õ˺ܶ࣬ʵЩ˶ǿ
ܹϵļʵ
ѵֻҪϵļǵŲʧ
ԼϵļǧѣȻѾϣʱѾˣҽǸ磬ͻ΢΢һ̾˵
Ѿһ磬ϧûʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ͻǸ磬ҲȲôˣΨһնؼһĽ˲ܹѣ硣ǰδеĹâ
˶סˣǴֱʰ˳ѣǶôľٶ
ҶСҲסˣ֪ԼϻһҪǸ˵еľ磬Ψдǵ
ڶûзǵ̸δơ
ֻ۷ʸɣ
ٴһתҶСʶվգƺֻȫʤʱڵĶʮ֮һˣʵҲֻʣ˰ٷ֮һ
УһսƯγһƴޱȵƣЩսϣһֶ˿Уƺڿиܹǿޱȵ
缸еĸֶˣӰգڴƺÿ˶ڴؼһ
ʱҶСˣҪһ
Щսǰ棬һӰվ·һɽһΰƻڣ͵ͦΣһͷ׷ɢ˻˺ɫƺһӴ״̬عᡣ
ʮ۸һ࣬ǹܷеĹؼ
׼
һؼһսõ׼սϵЩǿҲһֻҪһ֮£Ϊµһ
ôսôǿƣƺÿռ䶼ˣһ̼䣬ؾĵģû

Ϊ׵ǿߴһͬһƬռը죬˫һһͨƺͨͨһ
ʱһµĹЩǿ۳һɻһĹһضʧȥɫƺ磬˵ģֻһ
䡪
һһͨ˳ȥȻһĬƺʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
սϵĸ㿴ңҿ㣬ƺѯô¡
ǡ
ͻȻ䣬Ƭһƺĳֶˡ
ˣˣ
Ҿ֪ɹģڿԳˡ
ǲ飬ӵв
˵ĻƺǰһҴϵ޹أЩȻŸղŹƬء
䡪
Ȼ䣬ղǸطһһɿµĻк£ң֮ϣһ䡣
ⲻǴ˳֮ţǿ˻֮


2130 񾳺
µĻ֮һ޴Ŀк£ɲǼ䣬ǿѪ壬׷£ֻʣ˹ͷܣ漴Щ׹Ҳʧˡ
һսݻ٣ڶȼϵǿҲ׷䡣
֮ϣһµ׵֮٣ƺֱӺ˵ϣֱܶ׵УȻ䣬ޱȡ
ˣҴˣϷŪˣǸ֧Ƭص߹ҪͻΨնļͻȻ䣬ͷִЦޱȡ
ôֱվڴͷһεϱ˳ЩµĻ֮κβ
Цһ侲ͷأһ׵罵٣ɱˣĿģƶ˵Ĺһ䣬ƺһ㡣
һĻǳʹЩʱ˰콵³ͷ
ս䣬ִСִһ˵
ɲǼ䣬һս콵䣬ЩսڽĹб׵֮УȻ󱻻ҵĹֽ˿
ô£Ϊλᷢ飿һ۸ֶǿʵ
ұƭˣǵεļһؼĽΪֻҪһǱܹѣϧǸͲǣ֧еǸѾǴˣѾعΪǿĳͷʱҪˡǿһ̾˵ƺ˺ܶࡣ
ʱҪ׽ˣʧʷĳӣ˶㶣ƺѽ֡
ѵûʲô취ֹܹһ𣿡вʵʵ
ûУֻܹ޶ȵһӣ峹׵ǿ˵
ʱ֮Ͻٵ׵֮ԽԽǿˣѪȾ˴ء
ʮǿ߸ͨһЩʾѵ˷ӡطе˺úգֱӷɵ¡
Щ˶ʱӡ
ʱʧ֮ԽԽǿתۼƬؾֻʣʮ֡
֮ϵ׵֮Կϧʼûܹ磬ôܹĥǡ
ʱʩչǿĽǵȫ¼˹¥̨
ͻأ䣬ҶСͻָʶѾع飬ǸУ£֤ϸܶĶбΡ
󣬾Ϊ˳磬ϧ̫ˣϸĻǸ磬ʱĻҲԿһ˥䣬ڵʱ˵һ˵ʱҲ˵ʱ
Щ˶Ѿ˰ɣҶСʮ۸һӣеĶ¼ǳ£ضѾˡ
ҶСվڵھŲ㣬ƺŸղŷ飬¥̨ѾָڱϵĻƺѾʧȥ˻ԣҲˡ
ԽʱգµУ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬Ƿ˼µ貵һ˲ǻ֮ʱľȵȶĿԺС
ǡ
΢ƺĳֶһ㣬֮ȫӿڡ
µĸ򣬾˻ԻͲ˥䣬ͻƵ˵ھŲڣʵҲ񾳺ڣΪȹ̺󣬳˷۸⣬ûܹԸ񾳺۷ֺһսҲκβ
ʱ¥̨ѾҳһƬ
¥̨춯ûǿ߶ˣǷ׷׸˹ϧ¥̨űߣЩ˸Ͳܹ롣
޳ǵ񾳺ڸֻŹ¥̨ϧڵʵ̫ˣǲòſڣԷֹЩֳ
¥̨ǲΧǽſڴϰپʬ̵һأѪҺѾСϪ
δδ𡪡
ѪҺһεε䡣
˶ж¶˺Ȼ֮ɫ޳񾳺ڸ֡
ղЩҪ¥̨һ񾳸־ǣϧδЩ˻׷в֣һӼŭ񾳺ڸߺ
ͬʱ֣վģתۼնɱһٶ֣׵סЩ֮ͽȻΪ޳ǵԭ
޳Ҳδ̫Ե˰ɣ¥̨ռô꣬Ƕû˵ʲôڣǲҪȥѣѵȥۿʸû𣿡һ񾳺ڸɫʵ
ǣǻ򣬲޳ǵĵ̣Ȼ޳ǣҾͲܹԿ򡣡
ߣǻ֪ǻ򣬻лĹֻҪܹնɱôȻܹȥˡشһ˵
ѵΪǲǵĶ֣Ҳ̫߿ˣٸһλᣬòǽȥһ񾳺Ȼ˵
òãòá
ֶܶź


2131 Ϊ˸Ե
һĻ޳Ǹɫһ䣬Ȼ˵޳ںƽԭʵǿᣬûʲô˸ǣǻ򣬺֮ܶͽͲ£ǲŲʲôˡ
ۼ˺֣ܶкü񾳺ڸߺڸָǶ塣
ôƣӦԣжЩӣЩ˻޳Ǽֱ棬ҪȻڸܵ¥̨𶯵˲䣬Ѿȫ˹˽ȥ
޴ĺƬ𣬾ۼĸԽԽ࣬ǶĶź˵
޳ǵ񾳺ڸػſڣһնûУԷ˶ǿҲ񾳺ڸִڣսȫᱻĨɱ
һΣòã¥̨û˶һ񾳺ڸʵͬʱϿµƱŷĽش
ЩȺУ񾳸Ҳ׷׽ԼƱ޳ǵ񾳺ڸߺ
£޳ǵ񾳺ڸ໥˿òã̫ˣԿȥһһûԿףǸͲܹ롣
ðɣһ⣬ϣǲҪһΣҪȻһὫ±ȥ޳ĳЩǿնɱͲڻ¡׵۳˵
漴޳ǵĸóſڣǽȥ
ģǲ뿴¥̨ʲô飬顣һ񾳸˵޳ҲȽϼɵ
޳ЭҲȻֵøԷһ̨¡
ڼ񾳺ڸֵĴ£˽ΧǽڣǾۼһѣ׷׿Ź¥̨еĽضŹ¥̨·ʯţƺҪȥ
ͿʲôҪǽȥΣͻȻ
ӹ¥̨ȷʵʲôЩ˵ȻģǷ׷顣
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һ䣬һȭʯϣʯһâתһ赲ס˶Էȭʯûһ˿ı仯
㡣һĻи˵һ˵䲻ʯţˣأ
ʯŵĸֲӣЩµȭƺ¥̨һ㣬ʯŸͺ޶

һٶͬʱʯŵʱ¥̨ƺһ쳹ⷽء
ͻأ䣬һǿʯϱ˳ƺŭƬնסˡ
ɲǼ䣬һٶһǿ֮ȫ˳ȥǰ漸˿Ѫˡ
¥̨ͻȻ䱬ǸղЩǿ߹ʯʱ¥̨¥̨ͨĳ󷨣ǹͷš
Щַ׷ױ˳ȥĸۣϸĴ¥̨
޳񾳺ڸĿһĻʦ¶һ˿ֻ֮ɫ
شˣ²ôѪģǱҪһĽ׵۳괫
˵Щ飬ȻܹûЩǿ
һʲôܹͣʲôѪûʲô˭֪淢ʲô顣شû˵ݺݵĵһ۰׵۳ꡣ
Сʵ̫ˣʲô鶼ѪƣߣһҪҸݺݽѵһ٣ش뵽
شˣô˵ǸҶҲѪǽܵģ󣬽̻ôϾ˹¥̨𶯣Ǳһ̻Ů˵
ҪǣҲǸǵĽ͡׵۳ҲϽ˵
Ƕ֪ҶС϶ڹ¥̨ʲôǱҶС֪
ƨǶѾ˵ˣʹѪǽܽȥģһڣѪǿ߲ٽȥѾǴˣǣôҪ͵Ļǵĳǵĳش˴Ȼ֪е⣬ҶԲܹȥܻԼȽϺá
شˣ⻰ͲˣǷػڹ¥̨¥̨𶯣˭Ҳ֪淢ʲô飬һҪٻ˹¥̨ѪܹҿȽϺãһпϵķش˲ͬĻҲֻҪˡ׵۳ϴЦ顣
̻Ȼ֪κҪҶС綼ܣõķʽͬʱգʳܣϧһ£ҶСҲˣԼ˼άǻ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϵ


2132 ҶС
شһû˵ʲôʾѾͬ˰׵۳飬֪ȻҶСѪǽܽȥģΪҶСԭ˹¥̨𶯣ҪҶСߣȻܣ׵۳Ǻ̻ǿ϶ͬ⡣
ϵϸʱܣ˭Ҳ޷侲
¥̨ȻܹǵĹգȻ󷴹ԸǣҪ򿪹¥̨ǲˣ
ȷʵˣһʲôǱǴ򿪹¥̨
Ȼġ
Ϊ¥̨ʯûд򿪣ܶвʣǶĿͶ޳ǵĸ֣Ŀдͱ˵̬ȡ
ǶΧ˹Ϊ׵񾳺ڸ֣ǣÿϵϢ޳ǵĸ֡
޳иɫһ䣬һѿޱȡ
ѵҪ޳Բɣ׵۳ɫ˵⡣
Ե㲻ϣǲҪһ¹¥̨ڵܶѣ¥̨ϸʱĶֲ޳˽˵Ķôչ¥̨ѾǸ޳ˣѵϸʱܶҪռ𣿡һ񾳺ڸЦһ˵
ǲʯŽ̻ǵŮӲɫʵƺһ˿̽ζ
򿪣򿪵ĻǾͲҪǲ޳ˣֻ񾳺ڸ֣ǸͲǵĶ֡񾳺ڸֲһЦ˵
ȻǲǵĶ֣ߵĻסɣʱʦܿ˵
񾳺ڸɫһ䣬ѿޱȣܵɱ⡣
ܹߣһ뿪ȴǵı޳ǸֵΧ׵۳Źâ˵
ߣ޳Ƕʧ˵㲻ʲôطĸ֪޳ǵõϸʱܣû񾳺ڸ˵
ֵ޳ǸɫˣϸʱܣȻޱˣݡ޾ĮЩϢ󣬶Ȼǰ
ʱ򣬺ƽԭĴˣ޳ǶԴ˶ûʲô취
ߣڻ֪ʲôܣ˵ʱǹȥ̻ŮЦһ
һӣ񾳺ڸҲ˵˻
þã񾳺ڸֳʵղŵ׷ʲô£Ϊûнȥ
ͻȻ䣬񾳺뵽Ϊ޳Щ־Ȼûнȥǲʲôԣ
ߣܽȥ綼ȥˡ׵۳Щ߷ߵ˵ͬʱƳһ۹شˡ
񾳸໥һۣûбȣ׵۳˵ģܽȥĻ綼ȥˡ
ȻԷڵȴҲȴ¥̨ʲô仯
һһҹʱ䣬ЩȻȴţƺĿĲһ㡣
޳ǵĸֶֺû˵һ仰ƺֳӪ
һҹ֮ϣǳ㣬ƺ̺ĳأͻȻ䣬¥̨·ʯűһõĹâ
ΧǽиֶˣһרעĿĶŹ¥̨ʯš
âɢȥʱҶСӰ֣ΪѾ񾳺ڣѾ
ҶСĳ֣޳ǵ˲û˿оȣǱ֪¥̨춯ҶСģȴ֪£¶֮ɫƺЩӦ
Ȼô֣Ƕǻӭҳģô֣ҶС΢΢һ㶣ȻЦ˵ΪҲþ˭Ȼ˷۸⡣
ݡ
񾳺ڸ֡޳ǵĸֶҶСǰǽҶСΧס
˭Ϊλӹ¥̨гһ񾳺ڸֶҶСʵ
ʲôϵҶСǿ׳һ۹񾳺ڸ֡
㡭񾳸һŭɫһһ죬ҶСݺץȥ
һعöҶСΧγһεΣ޴ѹɣƺҪҶСֱˡ
ҶСһһָһΪĵƬռУһӸı䣬ԷĹҶС绯Ρ
ҶС絭һЦ˵һзȵӣƺͶԷһʶ
ҶСĻ䣬񾳺ڸͻȻɫһ䣬˽ɫѪҺޱȡ
˰ɣӦˣԺǲҪĺáҶСЦЦ
ֶΡ񾳺ڸֲһǵѪĶҶС磬ҶСһ£ʵ˺ܶࡣ
˿һĻ󣬿ҶСĿǼɵһĨɵƺҶСղôģǸûпҶС֣񾳺ڸ־Ȼˡ
ҪŪҪȻҶСսͻԿ


2133 ﳤȥ
񾳺ڸ֮бҶСشＸɫһ䣬޳ǵĸҲһ
ҶСʵȻѾǵĹơ
ڹ¥̨ڵõʲôΪλ¥̨ı仯һ񾳺ڸ˵ȻѾҶСڹ¥̨˹¥̨ľ޴ı仯пҶСѾеõʲôӡ
õʲôҵ飬йϵ𣿡ҶСƽʵο˵𣿡
ߣ¥̨ϸģҲ˵ǴҹͬӵеĲƲȻˣӦ֪õʲô񾳺ڸĶҶС˵
˵Ļʧ綼ϸʱµģӵеĶӵеĶȽӵеĶʹҷһ°ɣңǱԴḻҲϸʱµģǲȥܵЩ۸ǰҪƽ֣ףӲߡҶСһеĳ֮ɫһ㶼Ρ
ҶС⳰ĻǵɫѿޱȣҶС˵ʵǾӲ籾ˣҶСǷ۸ֵĻЩ˲ôҶС磬˵һЩĻ
˵˵¥̨ڵʲôܣ񾳸ʵϵϢɢƺһ׼ֵӡ
֪ԼȥҶС絭˵һ䣬׼ȥ
Щǿ߶ʱ䣬ҶСΧһ㣬ƺֻҪҶСٸҶһͻ⵽ĺɱ
ΧһӣƵҶС˫ĿâųƺǾ֮Ͻ⡣

һ쳹һε𵴣ڣѡ
ۡ
һ֮£赲ҶСǰܶͬ⵽ػһ㣬һѪ˳ȥݺݵ˵ϡ
Щֱʧȥս
㾹ȻҶ֣ץסһ񾳸ַŭĴܹҶСôţҶСղŵֶνһ㣬ǲ£ΪԷǷ۸֡
ʱ䣬ܶҶС繥񾳸Ҳֻ֣޳ǵĸһԹۿƺһϷӡ
ǿĹâµƣһĹƬռеֹ䣬ƺ¥̨ҡΡ
䡪
ҶСϱǿƣǸ߸ϵѲƬһ㣬ֺƴѹúָܶоأƺ·ҡΡ
ӦһЩѵˡҶСЦһһץȻ䣬ⷽͻȻ䣬û谵ޱȣ·еĹâץУµƺҪҶСա
䡪
ҶСĳõĹâأγŵûܹ롣

һҽһըѣѪɽڵ㣬ʵǿ񾳺ڸҶСĹУҲòá
ǲõĹâֱأƺҶСһ硣
âȥ֮ʱϱɫѪҺȾһ߾ʬڣжٶˣǸߴΧǽҶСӰѾʧˡ
һĻ񾳺ڸɫѿޱȣбŭǵƤ棬ҶСնɱô£ȻﳤȥǾ޴ĳ裬ޱߵķŭ
Сһ񾳺ڸգУع𶯣УһߣҲƺŭˡ
ⲻǿʼǼȻҪԸңôҪۣǻʲôжһڰнǵһһնɱܹһֱߡҶС쳹˷˷ֲڵķ
ҶСĻƺ̺ޱߵ֮ȫʧմأǽɫѪҺɫ
Щɫ˵Уȷʵɫ
û˸ǣһɱ㣬ɱ㡣ղ񾳺ڸȻ
񾳺ڸȻޱȷŭȴ侲˶٣ղŶֵʱҶСʵȻҶСܲǵĶ֣ܵĻûܹ赲һʼͲ޵
ò˵ʧˣͬһײ㣬ԷҪܣס¹׶̰ǵû
þúþãҶС˿ûг˼֪ҶСѾˡ
ͻȻ䣬޳ǵĸֻԷܹ¥̨ȻЩйϵ
޳Ǳһͣһ񾳺ڸֱ޳ǵĸ˵
ͣʲôͣشһ˵
նɱô֣ܹ¥̨϶ʲôϵ񾳺ڸַŭ˵⡣
Цɱ˾Ҫǽˣôնɱô֣ôЩһͣУ˵׻ǵĴǲᷢ𣿡̻Ů˵ɫܲÿ
Ȼ˵޹أǶԷ̫ɶˣȻҪúѵһ
񾳺ڸɫһһףȷʵǵĲԣϾô֡


2134 
ߣô˵նɱô֣ϵǱΪ¶𡣡Ĭ˺þãһ񾳺ڸ˵ƺһֺζ
ΪҪǽͣͲ޳ǵˣûбҪʲôΣб£ץҲڴץס׵۳Щͷ˵
оΪҶСõ˹¥̨ڵܣȴҪ޳ǵƨɣȻˡ
⻰񾳺ڸҲһΣ˼Ѿ˵ˣбµĻȥץ
ղ˵޳ǵˣʱһ񾳺ڸ˵
ǣǰһʱֵ÷׷ķҶ׵۳û˵
Ҷ֣Ҳ˵ǸûзϣǼڻ󣬶֪жֱӼӵС
ҶСΪͲ񣬾ˣնɱȻﳤȥ
ôһ˵ȷʵ޳ûйϵˣ˵ˣйϵҲûʲô취һ޳Щ֣϶ᱻĨɱ
񾳺ڸεĿһ޳ǵĸ֣Ȼ뿪ˣֻܵΪֹ
뿪ֻʣ޳ǵˣǳĬһ󣬰׵۳̻ŮӶĿͶ˹شˣƺҪش˸һ
Ҫ۹⿴ңǷҶõʲôܣҲ˼ҵĻԵǼҲȥôûеõκõĶشȿ˵ֱӷס˵Ŀڣһ޻˵
þã̻ŮӲſ˵ҶǽģΪԭΧǽٻ˺ܶ࣬Ӧóеһΰɣ
Ȼشʹʹĳˡ
׵۳ſڣƺ˵Щʲôջû˵ڣʱҶСѾˣھȥҲûʲô壬ΪҪǽҶҳ
¥̨ߵΧǽѾˣҳô飬޳ǵ񾳺ڸֶ뿪ˣҪ±ȥֻڸֿš
ƺգش˺һ۲ŶϷɳ۶ȥҲҪ±ȥԽ͡
ΣУ޳ǣԺ۳ʲô飬ᱻǵӡشͻȻ˵
޳֮䣬ˮݣû£һģѪǵõǸܣǻԸǣϧǸܱ˵õˣǸҲͷϡܷ
˻ͦ׼ģû뵽Ȼõ˹¥̨ڵܡشЦЦ˵ƺú⡣
һأǹ¥̨ζһ£˽ȥһ͵õʲôܣֻ֪Ƕ޴֪Źâ˵
˷еʱͻأ䣬Χ˲䱻һתۼ䣬ʧƬء
Уش˺ܷӦʱ򣬾ͿҶСվǰ
ҶС˲䣬˶㶡
ôңλƺܲģҶСЦЦʵ
û뵽㾹ȻôĸԵ˹¥̨ڵľ޴ܡش΢΢һ̾˵¶Ľ֮ɫ
㲻ҵĻʲô˵ģƾȥ¡ҶС翴һ۹ش˵
ش¶һĨ֮ɫ
֪ΪˣܿҶСʵ
¥̨ûҪĶ˵㾫ͨһ£ҪĶʲôطҶС˵
ҪʲôϸʱĶ㲻ؼһڤڤֹϸʱ顣ʵ˵
ӦòϸʱĶҪ֮ˮҶС綢˵
֮ˮܹڻϴ΢΢Щ㵣û뵽ҶС羹ȻҪĶ
֮ˮ޸ԴμҵѾ֪жûˣ˵ֶͲڣֻһЩ֮˱ģҲ֪Ķڲҡҡͷ˵
Щڣһ£Ƿһ顣ҶСɫᶨ˵
ðɣܵ˵ͷ漴ԥһʵôһЩ֮ˮʲôϢûеĻ㣬˵㲻
ûСҶСҡҡͷ
¶Ϊ֮ɫҪ㣬ҪһӣûǸӿͷͲ֪Ӻδ֡
ľϣ֮𡣡ҶС˵
֮ɫĿҶС磬Ȼ΢΢һ̾㻹ǸԵ񰡣ЩӵУﶼͨģϿһ֡


2135 
˵аҶСĿĻϣҵ֮ˮȻȥ\ľ۹ˡ
\ľ۹һֱеһ̣뽫°ãҪȻлź
ȥطﲻȫҶС˵˲ʧ
һУҶС硢ܺ͹ش˽£ҶС翴˿ܣһööĴ˫ðֱӡܵգΪ졣
ʮӵʱΪģһ׵ķΧڣԳһ磬УһйҶСƶ
ֶιش¶һĨ֮ɫȻҲܹһ㣬ҶСɡһλڹվͼһ㣬޷
ˣͲ˷֣žǷǿҲֲˡҶСʮ˵
ܵ˵ͷȻҶС˵Ҫ֮һЩϡ
á
ҶСȡһ˿֮ϢоϢһ΢΢İ׹⣬һɢŶ֮ɫĳȹâؼ䡣
һĻܺ͹ش֮ɫһʼΪҶС粻֪֮ѣڿˣҶС羹ȻӵֶϢ˵ҶСֶֻ˵ҶСѾõˡ
Ϣ˳ȥʧ綼
һѹе𾪣Ȼ󻺻³ȻԼƽͻȻ䣬˫Ŀըùâһأ޾
˫һâۣ֯γһصЩк棬γһ鷽Щƺ̺һһ㡣
ҶС˫ĿضһĻƺҪʲôϧİظޱȣҲܹһƤëѡ
ʱ˫ֱ仯ˣתۼ䣬ⷽƺЩݺύˣ֮;Ϣӿ˹ȥһЩС
Ǭױ䣬ݱԴ
ٴδһݺύϱ䶯ܵ˫ĿУγС񣬿ޱȡ
ͻȻ䣬һɫ԰ޱȣ˺ɫѪҺƺһ㡣
ش˺ҶС綼ŵĿһС
ʱʧĸˣеĺɫѪˡ
ۡ
һѪݺύγɵķͼʧ
ʱ򣬹ش˺ҶСɫΪ֮һ䣬ǿһк£ƺҪܲ
ܴƹй¶ܵصĳͷ
ҶСһ˫ּâһ˿γɣԿкµǹǿĹ
شҲˣҲˡ
ҺҶСǰúһУռеعı䣬գĹʧѾԡ
ˣҪѹ»Ҫһʱ䡣ش˿Ż˹ȥ˵¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҶС˵ͷץҶСн˹ȻΪȻӿڡ
ʮӵʱ䣬ҶСͣˡ
һʱ䣬˶û˵ƺһεǽ赲֮䡣
ڣش̲סˣʵҪ֮ˮʲôѵΪ
ǣΪ˾һˡҶСƽ˵
Ǹһںˡش˿ҶС˵ƺҪҶСĻھĳЩϢϧҶСһ۲͵ò
ʱ䣬ܲ˹ȻͷصĳͷҶС͹ش赲סˣʱѾˡ
лǳ֡ѹ󣬲԰׵¶һĨм
ÿӦġҶС˵ܳ㣬ԷҲôصˡ
ܵϢһʱɫָ˺ܶࡣ
Ѿ֮ˮĴλãΣأҪСġܿҶС˵Ȼзһ⣬ûҶСüģղĶҶС硣
лҶСһ󣬶ִܹлǷһ飬ʲôңһΪ쵽
˵ţҶСйâ۳һöƬ۵˼
۳ɵƬ˹ȥҪʱֱ飬һ̵ʱǰ
áûп㽫öƬ
Ǿʹ˱ԵټҶС翴һۣ˺գֱʧ
ҶС뿪󣬹شƺ¶һĨȻʧ֮ɫ
ʵȻôǿ󣬱һҪߣڹҲǿޱȣϣΪǿߡشһĨĽƺĽҶСʵǿޱһ㡣
ȷʵܣߵĸԶ˼˵


2136 ޴Ӱ
ʦղ㵽֮ˮʲôطشͻȻʵ
ܿһû˵
ǸҶˣѾǵԼʲôˡشεЦЦ˵
ϰʮأĳº˵䴫ǸˣôĶʹʧˣҲΪˣܹóãûԸ⿴Լñա
·ҶѾҵ֮治֪֮󣬻ʲôĺش¶һĨڴ֮ɫˣʦҪҪ˵
ĶֵĻ˵ȥܿһ۹ش˵
⻰ش˴ùģڨڨһЦ˵ˣݾ첻µز£֪Ϣй¶ȥðѪǽ췭ظ
Ҷܲ򵥣ҸͿ켣ƺûǰ·˵
ش¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫܲܶҶС˺ãԭǿҶСĲ
ϢһȻѪǷȥ
ʱʧ綼Ѿ䶯ˣΪҶС䶯
˶֪ҶСõϸʱĶϢȻǴӻ򴫳ȥġ
һϸ⼸֣˸棬ʲôֻҪϸģȻǺöˡ
Щ˵ϸʱĸѧھ
ҲЩ˵ϸʱǿĸ
˵ǹϸʱܡ
һʱ䣬ʧ˶£ŷҶ
ҶСݵֱᣬǶҶСһµʶ
ܶǿ߷׷׽˻򣬴йҶС飬Щǿֱĵǹ¥̨ƺҪеõʲôܡ
ϧô鿴òκεĶ
һҪҵʳϸʱ顣
ԣҾͲôѰңܹܵʲôط
ܶǿ߶ѰҶСϢҶСòӡݣܶ˶֪ҶСӡ
˵ʧΪҫ۵ĲǷǿߣҶС磬˶ҵҶС䣬ϧûһҵƺҶСʧһ㡣
ϲԵشһŵԺڣ̳ͥԺС
̳ü΢ƺڵʲô
û뵽ǸһȻôãõϸʱĶⰡ˵
ʧ˶֪£ǿ߶ȥѰİȫֹ̳ۡ˵
㲻õģǸһ￴ͲǸˣڻԼɣҲûáЦ˵
̳˵ͷϲԵѾķ֮ҪȫˣǳصĲѾ׼Ĳˣھ͵ȫͳһˡ
ã˵ʵҪʲô̲סٴʵ
Ѿ˵ͳһƽԭ̳Ц˵
Цİɣѵѵ׼ͳһƽԭһ˼ӿ̳
ļٵ㡣
̳ȻϷŪ㡣װŭֱ̳һ¡
侲˼һ˵ʵһ㣬˵ںƽԭһСһš
ֻ̳ЦЦû˵ʲô
ҶСƵЩֶ֪£һжжҶСֲԹƺȫʧˡ
̫ǿˣȻõϸʱĶ
ţڹӵĴ£һܹɳһҵ
ܶ˶ΪҶС¶ۣЩǻȣøҶСǸˡ
ݣǷҵĴڣЩ񾳸ɫ̫ÿΪҶСնɱǷҵϣǶ˴ĲҶС磬û뵽ҶСնɱ˺ܶ֡
ǷҲкü񾳸ֱҶСնɱˡ
ԴҶСնɱôֺ󣬷ѾɳǼĸ֣ͨһЩջЩɢȥƽԭնɱҶС磬ϧһֱûҶС
ǰһЩϣжϳҶСʵ񾳳۷ڣǹҶСڹ¥̨ǰһնɱϰ֣ڶ񾳺ڸǰﳤȥ´ڣҸо˿ֻš
ԭҪԸ˸Ͳʲô񾳳۷ڵĸ֣Ǻڵĸ֡
ôһ֣ԽǷɨ
鴫ݣ֪жٶǷҵЦ
һȡһжԸҶСĴʩҽһ츳ӵܸϳ˷ң
һֶԷӵܵıǺҶСǰ鷳Ƿҵȫնɱ


2137 Į
һƬߣɳ죬쫷Ű¶ȸߵˣһ¯һ㣬˿أϣ轵ȱԭϵҪ䡣
ʧΪӵĵطʲô˻ʲôǶֶѣ֪Į
Į֮䣬һ޴Ļɽɽبϱ򣬷·ɽ׵ĽĮݷָ
޴һبĻɽɽȶʱʱлɽ緢ǳҽ˲䣬ŭĻ棬һضȾ˺ɫƺȼ־Ϊˡ
ҶСֱ˺գ۹ػصݣȻǰĮܸĹ֮ˮĮ
ʵӺƽԭҲܹﵽĮȴҪԽռ谭˵һСľԶ߲ȥˡ
ƽԭһƬɵأĿռ䣬ܸӣ˵ͻͻȻ䱻޾գԶܹع顣
ҪȥϣѰ֮ˮһĺá
ʱҶСҲ˳һݵߴ۸ˣǰʱӰ޴
ûǵѹƣЩǿһѾֳ˲֮ģߴҲѹƲסЩ
ߴΥÿζѣѣѡ
ҾѾֳҶСĵǰĮȻ仹е㵣ǣǾ˭Ҳ֪ߴǿߺʱܹѹ
죬˿ɳĮЩɳӵ¶ͳһ϶ȣƺҪ˿ɡ
һӰһϰɵľ룬ǰǰУһӰȻҶС磬û˺ѿռ䣬þٶȸ·ǰУΪҪȥѰ֮ˮ
ããĮǿµ쫷紵ţȻȺģֱͨӶˡ
֨֨
ޱߵĻɳУÿһξ룬һӡЩӡڷĴ£û֮󣬸Ϳһ߹ĺۼ
һɳһƺûоͷһ㣬ҶСôĬĬߣƺ¹µ¼įƬؼֻһˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶС翴һӿɮ£´Ьһһߣûκεı飬ҲûĲȫǰߡ
ЩУ񾳳ڸ֣񾳸֣ҶСʱ˫ֺϲһڣƺڶҶСʺá
ҶСһߣȻһ񾳳ڸʵʦǺιʲһ˿
ʩ֣жʵֻԭʼķƬأܹ˽Ƭءɮ˵
ôʦǰʲôУҶСٴʵ
ǰǳУ鰲ЪΪҡɮٴ˵ԭֻһƵҶС硣
ЩɮʳһЩû뵽Ǿ˵ЩҶСкݺݵ룬Բպнй˵һ˭ܹ˵˭
Ҳ˵Щɮĵл治ǸǵģǸղ˵һ䣬鰲ЪΪҡҲ˵̹ԼļңûгǳأͲҪ
ķǿṇ̀ʱɢֻĳʵһС
ҶСĽǰУ˺üӿɮĬĬǰУƺ淢ʲôһ㡣
ɳĮһʱ䣬оԼߵ·ȴӺƽԭݵĮԶƺĮΪĵطһ㡣

ͻȻ䣬һöؼһƺɳĮеˣ鶼ƽ
ҶСͣ˽Ųӵʱ䣬Զɳðˣһ޵ĶЩŻȥе̶ӣҶСЩ⣬Ϊʧ绹Ҫ̶ӡ
ΪֻҪдָˣȫڴָУ˹ܹͣαҪЩأ
Ȼһ֧Ȼ̶ӣһٶֻޣжٶˣڸ־Ȼ󲿷ֶǿߣһС񾳣α񾳵ĸ֡
һ˿ҶСʱ򣬶ƺҶСһ㡣
̶ھҶСͣ
λֵܣʱҪȥʲôطһɫƤµʵǸ̬Ͽ֪ǸˣԷҶСʵ
ҪȥѰһСҶС˵
λֵǵһĮǺǣĮûгУֻޣҲ˵ĳУĻһȥޣҪȥһˡ̬дЦеЦ˵
ϣôװɣϾһˡûеҶС緢ԣƺԸ򿴵ҶСǡ


2138 
̬Ѿ˵ҶСǣȻкܶһ䱸֮ɫʼշҶС硣
ղҶСһ񾳳ڸ֣ƤƵƤ£Ͽ䣬ƺвС˵Ȩ
һˣɫһСһСɣ޵н΢΢ڶΪӡ
ޣô⣬ʵߣƺŸոսĮһ·ܰͰ̬˶ҶСĺ˵
ߣֻǲ뿴ķһ˵
ĲģĮ꣬Ѿһ۽𾦣ңѵΪԼĶ֣Ц˵
Ȼ϶ô˵ˣǾ룬̶ӵĹأҪȻ͹̶ӡûиҶСɫ
лȻ̶ӵĹءҶСһ˵Ȼ˼ƽϣ붯̶֣ӣǷַѡ
ߣϣˡҶС̬Ⱥܺã޵ɫźÿ˺ܶࡣ
λֵܣҪ⣬ҲΪ̶롣Ц˵ɣ滹һӡ
Щ޷ǳ󣬱ܹܿɺܶˣΪŻԭÿһֻޱֻܹ˵Ŀռ䡣
Ϊ̬е죬޳һ»⣬ֻһˣʮɡ
һСȻٷһӣҶСҡֱϣϡ
á̬һƣҶС糢СϵľˮɹҶСԼ޿ó
ҶСó¶һ˿⣬һ˿ͣƺ˵ҶСܻˡ
ϣΪ⣬˼ǵ̶ӣҶСɻʵ
⣬Ϊ˰ȫڼ䣬ĮеĲǿɮһЩˣԼɳɳΪɶģĮ޶ϵԴй̶ӣЩһɳ̶ֻӻһ룬һ룬ǺЩ̶˲еɳֱӽȫߣɱ⣬Ů˱㱻Ǵˣ˭Ҳ֪ЩŮ˱ĥʲô̬һĨʹ֮ɫ
ڴĮ̶˵Ϊʹ޵ıɳһʵǿ̶ĮУǵˣǿûдκεԴһҪߵͷӣǸ̶ӿ㽫ˣû뵽ǾȻɳɶɳǸ̶Ӵڼ䣬˶ˡɡȻӦ֮£Ǹ̶ӵǿȫɱ򱻷²ū˵棬ǽǹɶеŮĥ
ǿ𶯣ݺü̻γǿǰĮ׼ЩɳϧĮ̫̫ˣݶҪܶ࣬˽һʱ䣬˺ܶԴȻûзЩɳټ󲻵۷˻Ǽº̶Į˶ǳ裬ײЩ˼̶ӡ
ҶС˹̶ȷģЩɳΪԼ棬̶ӵͬĺƭǣǣ̶ıҲΪ
ϣղ˵ġɡʲôҶСʵ
㲻֪һ֮ɫҶС硣
ҳڼ鲻ô˽⣬ŸոճʶҶС˵ѻɫ˿䡣
ֲʲô֪ԭˣ˵ʵڵĵӻͨȥĮ˶ǽһһӵģһ˾Ȼҽ
е˲֪ĮҲǺģû뵽˻ɳǻɳ۾ƣˡҶСһƵ˵
ǺǣҿǣܵģɡһζµҩúܶĲҩƳɵģҪĲҩĮе޵ݣֲҩǿҵЧꡣˡɡˣȫһ˿ʹֻ׸Ҫ֮ųⶼҪСʱȻֶ񾳸ֵЧһ㣬ǿӾͿν֮ų⣬ΪԽߣЧԽųٶԽ졣
Ȼôҩǳ˼ʶΪеֵزκζкĶҩѾûҩЧҶСЦЦ˵
仰˵ĵģûмҩ
Ÿոճãʱ䳤ˣԻ֪һУ㽫ȫתһ飬ʲô֪ˡ̬˵ҶСһֳ󱲵ӡ
ҶС䱾ͲҲܹһЩټҶСΪȻΪҶСһˡ


2139 Ծ
ǺǣȷʵҪȥߣҪȻһЩʶԵⲻᣬᱻЦҶСЦЦ˵
ϣжԶܹˣ
ٶĻƻҪһʱܹ·ϵޡ̬˿˿ΧĻȻ󿪿˵
˵ľٶҶСҲʲôöûпͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬¶ĹâͬʱʵĮããһƬȫǻɳܹ򣿡ҶСٴĵʵ
ĮΪ׵ľʧҶС粻ΪΧ·
㿴ؼ˻ɳ⣬ʲôЦʵ
ʲôҶСĴ˿Ƭػɳͷ֮ϣտտûһ˿ƲʣƬؼ˻ɳ⣬û
Ѿ˵ˣôȻʲôûע⵽ͻȻ䣬ԶɳǵأƺƬһӱ˻ɫ
磬Ƿ磬Ƭؼ˻ɳ⣬з硣
Ƿ硣ҶС翪˵ͬʱˡ
ԣ۲ĺϸǷ磬Įзķıйɵģÿһʱͻһ仯ʽݷı仯ܹж·ߣҪȻǿҪԶʧããɳĮΪҶС͵
ԭˡҶС˵ͷ
һ·ϣҶС˿УҶС֪Įûνĳǳأеֻޣ֮ϵˣƽֲɹҩġзЩʳҰ޵ģЩѾѱޱȣ̺ҲΪˡ
һ·ϣȻҶС粻䲻ȣƺһʼ㿴ҶС粻˳һ㡣
һʱ䣬ոշһɳ˾ͿԶһƬޣããϣһɫıʯ
޵һ˲䣬̶ӣ˶ƺһӷ˺ܶࡣ
ģڵޡ
Ϣһˡ
ǳһ˻ͦ˳ģһ·ûش쫷磬ûɳ
٣СѵϣЩ

ܶһǰߣһӱϿ˺ܶࡣ
˵ɫӲҶСͻȻ䣬һ̫ϲ˵Ĺ¶һĨᣬһĨ˼ƺʲôٵȴһ㡣
ǵ޺󣬻ҪȥطҶСɻʵ
ǰһ޳ԲôǻҪȥߣݹ̶ӻ϶Լĵ̣һҸһƬޣ˴˼䶼ղЦЦ˵
УҶС֪Щ̶׬ȡܴ󣬿˵ܹһأܹǮʮ档
ΪˣɳڣЩ̶Ҳﲻ
ѾˣҶСȥüͷɢľʷѾݻˣֻʣ˶ϱڲԫֻѱҰУкܶطԶһЩӣнɫѪҺ棬Ƿʲôһ㡣
ϣе㲻ԾҶСü˵
ԾʲôԾģ̬ɻĿҶС硣
СӣʲôԾģѾˣǿԺúϢһˡ
ǰҪ̫ģһ¡
ֻ޲Զһֻϣ˵һ·ϣҶС˵ĻǶ˶УɴжϳҶСһһĮĲ
ŵѪζҶСû˵Լ鿴ģ˵ԼŵˣƺЩ˲ţٲһ䣬ҵڳˡ
ˣΧˣɫ˱䣬ͬʱĿޣƺҪʲôˡ
ƺǾ쵽ĲԾһźĹ޴мλ÷˹ʵʲôˣ
λСֵ˵ŵѪζһָҶС˵
󣬹޿ҶСһۣ¶֮ɫſڣƺҪ˵ЩʲôҶСĻͻȻɫһ䣬˵ÿһǴǸɳ𷭹ϵ˶ỶӴǣΣȻһ˶ûС
ã˹š
ͻȻϱǿϢǽ͵ģΪһ⣬һ㣬з䵽ϡ
Χ궼һ֮ɫǳµٶ˼֡
˹ţ˹š
ոûжãͻȻ䣬ϱĺƺУƺһ˻ѷʹһ㡣
ɳƬޡһ۷˵ɫѿ֮Ҳһ
ټӿһٶȣô¡˵Ŀŭеġ
޵ٶѾ˼㣬ûжþ̤޵ķΧ


2140 ϵѪ
Ƭ޲󣬽ĶСҲ൱һ
ɫĲľޱȷʢһϪгϣǼʮľʷȫݻ٣ɫѪҺâܶʬ壬ţһЩѾޱȡ
һ߽ޣһĻɫΪѿ
ɳɳһǡһҧ˵ɢŨŨĺ⣬ҲһǶɳʹ޵˼㡣
˹šҵĽƬлصͻȻ䣬ϱſµƣ˹˫ĿŷĹâҶС硣
㣬㣬һɳһǡ
ĳҶС磬˫б˿µĹâץҶС硣
ʱü꣬˷׷׳赲ͬһʱ䣬ǽһռ䣬ֹŹ޵Ķ
ޣ侲㣬ɳҪɳɳĮУǾͱˡ˺ȵ
޳׵ı˽жҵţǺ⣬ͬʱǣǣҵİ˹ţҵİ˹š
ޣ侲
Χ˶һĻж¶һĨˣȺɳ̫ɶˣʣЩɳȫնɱŮȫˣŮ˵³Ҳ֪
ϣҪſޣù޷йһ°ɣ̫ˣǶ֪԰˹ŵĸ顣ʱͻȻһ̲ס˵
˵ʲô˵һ飿ֻ㶼ܹ˵ڣôĻǺɳʲô𣿡Ťͷû˸ղźҶСʱƽ׽ˡ
󣬸ղ˵Ǿ仰ĵͷҲ˵һ仰
һʱĽҶСѾʶ̶һʲô֯׼ȷ˵̶ӵ˶ǾģǷںƽԭĻһˡ
ΪЩˣʧûг׵׹նɱĵز
ǼֵĿ£޵ȶеķ֮ɫҲʧˣ׵İ
ַſ˶Թ޵Ľ
ޣҪˣһļ˵
ңһ뿪ҲͲᷢˣҡޱ˵һĺڡ
ޣһδĸֺܶ࣬ʵҲЩɶɳδܹȫնɱ̬ɭ˵
ҶСЩϸܵ˵Ѫȣ˰
ϣء˵˹𣿡һĹ޾ȻǸӡ
ţİ˹һš˰ο
ɳһ㣬һҪЩɳնɱһһķŭҲ׷Ӧ
ԣ˻šͻȻ䣬ҶС˵һϰɵľ룬һӳһѾΪ˷ľǰ
ҶСĻ󣬷׷׸˹ȥеһʧˣϽ˹ȥ
䡪
ҶСɨľݵķȫɨܣͬʱץһطâ漴¶һظѨѨ¶ʱɫһ䣬Ǹо˶ѨڵϢ
һ˽ȥ
ʱһ˺ĿҶС磬ƺҶСô֪иѨ
Ҷ󷨣ǸѨ赲סǲſҲܲʲôϢҶСЦŽ͵
ллˣСֵܡ˸м˵ҲͶ˸мĿ⡣
ݡ
һâӶѨзֻ޻бһʮһСŮСŮϴۣƺ˹ȥ
·ţ·ţѡѡ
һߺţһ̼Ű·š
ã·ǳĽë˶Ȼ˫Ŀʱſǻ޸磬ǹ޸磬ϽȥȽ㣬㱻Щץˡ
Ǹˣɫһʵ
֪·ŵԴһͷɥӡ
𣬸˵˵׷ʲô£·ŵԴǿһЦʵ
ͨѾͷ֣ҶС֪͹޵İ˹ǽá
޸磬Բ汿ûмǵЩ˴ʲôطˡ·ſ˵
û£û£޸׷ǣȫɱްο
ģ·գ̺ӨˮĴ۾˵
ģڿԸ߸緢ʲôˣʵ
š·ŵ˵ͷȻľˡ
ԭ·һɳʱԶԶͿһȺɳޣһɳϽ˻ȥ¸˹š
˹Ž˵¶ѨУȻȥ֪ͨϵˣϵ˸ովۼɳˣɱʵ̫ǿˣǽȫնɱŮ˴ˣ·ĺǲŲ÷ġ


2141 ɳ
·ŵһеɫѵ˼㣬ɢŨŨķŭ
һҪҵЩɳǼȻҵİ˹ţҪһĴۡ޵ͺɢҰһ㡣
ôңһûУɳӰȥ٣Ǹûа취ѰңοѰҵˣҲһǵĶ֡ʮ侲˵
˶Ĭ֪ǾʵڻɳʵҲǿ󣬶ããɳĮҲǵټ
޸磬Щߵʱ˵Ҫȥޡʱ·ͻȻ俪˵
⻰һ˶ĿͶ˰·š
ߵʱ˵Ļܵ˵Ŀ⣬·Сһ䣬¶΢΢µı顣
ȥޣظһ䣬漴Ŀޱȣǿ϶ȥˣƬǾޣһҪһذ˹š
ϣ·žͽˣұȥǱߵһĿˣ漴ΪһʧƬء
ϣȻһ֧ɳѾǰȫģɳʵȻҲȥɣһ۷˵󻹸ʮ֡
һڴ֪ס˵ãȥɣСһ㣬ɳʵǿһҪͽȥϣףֻҪڣϣ
ǣϣһסġ۷˵Ȼʮȥ
Ƕ뿪ˣҶС˵˾䣬Ҳȥ
£ƿʧٶ̫ˣΧ˶ûзӦ
ЩɳȻƬɳĮУŰôʵһǿʮһȥ¸޲ֻǰݰ
ϣôҲȥˣһ˵ƺЩԾɳѰ˶ܻأҶСŸϹȥ
ûʲôϡģŴӼ뿪ãȻһжܺ棬֮뿪ȥҪôʲôȥ֣ҪôһʵҶС뿪ķ˵
ϣһأʵ
һĸܹɳĮУôʱ䣬һ¶û𣿡˷һ䡣
˻룬ȷʵˣô˵ӵ㹻ʵˣûп
ʵǶܹһ˿˿ԻȻʲô֪ȴƺͲǣУϵһֵģ·Ҳһ֣Ѿ˵Ĳ֮ˡ˵
ԭˣĺܲһ˵
ʮһ뿪޺һ·򱱷Уٶȼ죬ҶСƬ̼͸
ҶСʱһ¶һĨ֮ɫȻû뵽ҶСǰ
㾹ȻǰҪȥȥƬ޵۷ֿҶС˵
Ҿ㻹ʵʵػȥɣɳսΣգ˵ʧȥһȰ˵
ǰЩɳʵ̫ǿˣûʲô飬̫ΣˣǻȥɣһȰ˵
ǵȰ˵ҶС粻Щһ˿ĺøУ֮䲢Ǻ죬ЩȻô
ЦЦ˵ģҲµģҵΪѾ񾳡
ʲôѾ񾳣۷һŵĿҶС磬ƺͲҶС񾳸֡
šҶС˵ͷȻͷųԼһϢǿµϢ𣬾أⷽռ䶼ɳֻӿ죬ҶСϵ໥ӦƺҶСһе顣
ֻһȻϢͬǲǣһţȫڡ
ʮһֶҶСŴͣһ˵ӣҶС翴̫ˣǣôᾹȻѾ񾳸ˣ츳ǿ˵
۲ʶ̩ɽû뵽Ȼһλ񾳸֡۷֣ҶС繧˵
ǺǣҲҪΪģ˵⻹ǵ͵áҶСЦЦˣƬʲôطҴһȥٶܹܶࡣ
ķ򣬷ǰ۷˵
áҶС˵ͷֻӶιâʮһȫУȻɲǼʧƺԽ˿ռһ㡣
۷ֵָʾ£ҶС粻ϵĸı䷽򣬴Խռ䣬ӵʱ䣬һƬ޴޳УƬޱղƬʮҸڶࡣ
ʱƬϣڽһս
ҶСǿɳһ֧ɳɫƤ£ǰϵ˿һɶߵޣЩ޵弫ΪɫϢɢ


2142 ϵ
սѾʼɳʵȷʵΪǿڵĸ֣Щڸֲûж֣վգս
ЩɳֻвʮˣʵΪǿ񾳳ڸ־ʮĶ۷ǿߡ
ƬϣЩ·ٶˣЩ˵Ϊݬ룬ʲôĸֶУ񾳳ڸֲ˶ѡ
ǽĺϻ֮ǿɳս
˹ҶСĿɨһӱ㿴ս棬սŸոսʼá

һҽһɳ޴ˣѾŭ죬˫ĿâƺҪմơ
սʽûзȫһǰĹһƥһ㣬ͲԽ
նɱһɳǴ콵ħɷѾ۳ʵʣһɳȥлдʣƺŰ˹ŵ֡

ȫֵڸһֱĳ
ʱ䣬һֻ޴ƴһƺأʮڵĿռȫУռ䶼ˡ
䡪
ǿһ½ѹڵأȫðѪҺΪңˣȻţҪ
ʱڸ֣һУ̤һɲǼ䣬ع֯ӿγһֻţһֻţƺܹڱأء

ҵĽһҲһȥҵİ˹š
ʱһΪõĹâֻ޽һ飬ƬնˣҶСʮһֳ˹ߡ
ޣû°ɣ
Ǹ̶ӵ˶ĵʵ
û£ȿȿȡ
޿˼Ѫð̶˵Ĳ£վ
ʲôˣѵҪ£ɳڸֶҶС˵¶һĨɵղһâĹܹʵǿޱȣڱǿһ֡
£ûóȻ֣ѯʶԷ
ҾͲ֣ܹΣҶС˵һͳɳǰ˫йâһӽԷΪȻͬһֻһ
ء
ϳһδӣڵɳһӱˤԴѣоͷˡ
һĻ̶ʮһ֣й޶ɴ۾ǲ̿ˮƺǰһĻġ
ʮһȻѾ֪ҶС񾳸֣Ȼסˡ
ղɳΪҶС֮㽫ɳƣ˵ҶСΪɳʵҪǿĶࡣ
㡭㵽ʲôΪһɬѯʡ
񾳡ҶС絭Ŀ˵ûо˵ԼǸ񾳵Ǹ׶Ρ
ͨ
޹˵ϣǸ˵Բ۲ʶ̩ɽһ·ϵ㣬ҸԲ𡣡
ȾȰ˹ţ޹ģˣҲܵ˺
ͨͨ
ʮһֶ˵ϣ󣬡λȾȰ˹ţǸΪĺù
˹һۣҶС绺˵̶ӳϵϣҾͳһΡ
ʱʮ񾳳ڵɳȫѣǰ㣬ɢҲΪ˳
ҶСֶΣ̶ӵʮһֿҶСӹˡ
ǿʲôطܵӭΪҶСʵ΢һ·ϣһҶС磬û뵽ҶСʵǿ󣬷˼ҹˡ
ҶСһ죬ڵɳͱ˳
ſң㵽ʲôˣڵɳедſ־廹вʡ
ٵˣ𣿡ҶСͬǺ£һӱɳԹԵģһ㡣
ˡɳϽ˵ƺҶСʩչʲôֶһ㣬ͻȻ˫ĿһĹâҶС˵Թ޻ڣӽҵұ֪Լһֻû뵽һô졣
ҶСûĻ˫ĿâųֱӴ̽˫ĿУȻͥ鿴ļ䡣
ҶСջĿ⣬һǿڵɳͱնɱˣѪɽ쳣ҡ
ߣİ˹ȥҶСŹ˵ȻĿͶʮһ֣ЭϵĸնɱȺɳ
ǣˡʮһͬ˵Ӱ塣
ҶСйâ޾ߣȺɳĳѨȥ
һĸ֮ɫܲԸҶС̶ӣҲûиҶСɫԼǱ˼ȣһʱ䣬кޱȡ


2143 ɳϳ
ɳУҶС鿴һ֧ɳټһ֧ɳھǧɳĮ¡
ֲЩɳӰ٣ԭǵĳѨɳĮ棬£û˻ȥ鿴˲Եɳޱȣܶ˶ܾ¡
ҶСĴˣӵʱӣǱһ޴ޱȵɳϿգҶСĿɨ䣬ƺܹ͸£һж
֡ˡ˹ǲɳ棿ҶСĿ⣬д֮ɫʵ
ӦڰɣɳĳѨҶС͵
󣬹¶ϲɫûг嶯ǽĿͶҶС磬֪һҶСҪԱǸ˵ġ
ʱҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һ壬ֻӳµĹâӿԶԶƺҪƬռָΪ롣
ƶɳϵĻɳȫҶС¶һƽľңһƽϣȻһʯţͨ˵¡
¡
Щɳ˲䣬ʯŴ򿪣һ֣ͨӵصףͬʱ񾳳۷ִͨг˳
䡪
ϱ˿µƣͬǾ֮ϵ£ҫǧš
ʲôˣôҵһһɨҶС˵дżֽ䱸мɻƺҶСΪܹҵɳټ
ʯŴˣòҷһ򡣡ҶС絭˵ͬʱǿѹǿֲƣһҶΧĿռ䶼ˡ
¶˾֮ɫƺҪ룬ǸͲܡ
ϴ޴ŮأҶСǰѯʵͬʱָֻ˵
֡
ۡ
һָոպһ֣һâк£־ͳһ̲࣬ɫѪȾʯϡ
͸ϽҶС˵
ǡָϽ˵Ǿ£ǰʵ̫ǿˣҲ
Ůȫ档ָϽ˵
⻰󣬹һ̲סʵûгʲô°ɣ
仰ʱ򣬹н֣ƺ°˹ųʲôһ㡣
ǡĿ㣬˵Ͱͣû˵һȻȻѾ顣
һĻԺкȻ죬·ʣŮӶ̣ˡ
˫Ŀͨ죬ŭĺһȭϡ
ԷһһӶҵĿ˻ûˡ
ʱҶС˫Уһâû˹ڣȵ侲ǽȥôЩŮӶҪȡ
ҶСͻ£ƽ飬һ˽ȥҶСһҲ˽ȥ
߽ȥ˲䣬޴ֻʣһ񾳳ڸͻȻ䣬ըѣòҡ
ʯŽȥһֱͨµ¥ͨ¥̨ͨ׼Ϊխ͵ʮȵļнǣܶ͡
˵ٶȼ죬մ̨ףֱбŷ£ʱ䣬˲ųƽϡ
˵ٶȣ´ӵرĸߴǧ׵ľ롣
ʲôˣʲôˣ
ǾȻҴǵĵ̣
ҶС͹޵ĳ֣˵ºܶ˵ע⣬һ˳ȣ赲ҶСˡ
ҶСһɨµĿռڵһжҶСԺС
ɳĳѨǳ󣬲൱һСͨͨ˴һѨǳ޴󣬴ЩѨĻ϶Щɳĵط
סĵطСܶ࣬Ѩڣʮ֣񾳸ֳڸڸֻһ˶ǿߡ
ԣЩسѨġ
Щ⣬ҶСҲЩѺŮӣЩŮӿޱȣϵ·ȫ˺ˣһƤĵϵ
䡪
ʱһֲޱȵӿѨΨһڸһӳҶСǰ
ҶС˲䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʵô֪ǵڵصģ
Ҵһڸּе֪ġҶСƽ˵ֻһһôǰͬʱΧعı䣬Ƕʧȥж
㡭㡭ڸָҶС羪ֵ˵˻ܹоҶСΪѾ񾳺ڣһǺǿ֣ٽҶСղ˵ĻΪȥЩȫѾ˼ҿˣ˵Ȼ˵ˡ
ۡ
ͻȻ䣬иֶһѪǶҶСϳΪֻڸ֣ҶСȴڣһöġ
ϳΪЩһңƺѾûȥϣҪж


2144 ʥ
ɳĮһɳᵽ־ĸоÿ̶ӻǵЩŰʱϲЩ˲ҽС
ǿˣǸͬܣһǺڣ֪գǰͲὫôһ
ȥİ˹ŰɣҶСŤͷԹ˵漴ڵɳŷɳѨ
ɳĮϣɳ죬쫷紵ȴڣƺɳĮһ޴Դ
ҶСɳ˳⽫ڵɳ˵ϣΪ⣬ڵԪòˣһ䣬ͷϺֱ촽ɣϸԹǿ¶Ѿˡ
㡭㵽ôɳ򷢸ɵ촽˵ѾˣҶС粢ɱɱһΪͱϵˡ
˵˵ɳɣǲÿһ֧ɳĳѨڵ£ҶСѯʵ
ǣЩɳĳѨڵ£Щװ̶ӣɳĮйǰУЩޣװ޵ͨڡɳʵʵĻش֪Ѿ䵽ҶСУֻܿ࣬ˡ
ĸݵأûޣǾͲЩ̶Ӳٽֹ𣿡ҶСɻʵ
ǻƣ̶ܶ޾ԲܶҪȻ綼ҪԿ
Ҳǰɶļһָǵ̫ˣĮıԵԴ̫ˣ̶ҲǺܶ࣬Ϊ˴չЩԴǲòôڸҧ˵һΡ
ǰɶļһҶСɻĿɳ
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ΪɮҪȥʥǵ˺ܶ࣬ͬʱʱҲܶ࣬Ϊ˲նɱֻܹˡ
ʥʲôҶСɻʵ
뵽һ·ϿЩɮƺߡ
ʥпɮʥɽһʢʽɳ͵
ʲôʽҶСѯʵ
֪һܣֻЩμӹʥĿɮ֪¡
ó˵ѣҶС΢΢˵ͷ
︽ʵɳ಻ࣿҶСѯʵ
Ǻֻ֧ܶ࣬߰ڵɳ˵
ܺã֧߰ɳˣΪǵͷˣһҶС˵Ȼ߶öġ
ʱ䣬ڵɳʹĺоˣҶСͣ
һ㲻һôʹȥҶСֽ⿪ķӡ
ҡҿûǸʵڵɳɬһЦ˵
а취ģ⣬ЩĶţԽЩЩյڣǲԳֳͷǣǸղܵʹҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һ˵
ҶСĻɳεĵ˵ͷȻӹҶСݹȥĺܶġ
£ͽˣҪʧȥɣҶС絭Ƴһ˵
һܹ뿪ɳһȻϽ뿪ҶСᷴһ㡣
ո뿪ҶСȻ˵õķֻܹ⿪Ƿ۸ֶ޼£ϣҪʧ
Ѿɳȥɳ⻰΢΢һ£еȥ
Ѿִ㣬˿ǷܹҶСڵĶȥڿͲܡ
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һװ޵ͦűµС䣬ǲƺҪ˹׸ʲôһ㣬ڻˡ
ҶС罫ЩɳٵԴȫˣһ˿ûʣࡣ
ҿǿĿռ򣬽ָĿռ俪ٵĴ˺ܶ࣬ҪȻװôԴ
ЩԴ󣬶ҶС˳ȥ³ѨͽˣŮҲҪ޻߰˹ȥο
ϾЩɶɳ̣ˣǵĶܵ˾޴Ĵˡ
ȴһСʱʱ䣬Ű˹ŵ֣ʮŮ˳ЩŮϴۣ˫ĿƺѾʧȥȥ
ҶС֪ЩҪָҪһʱ䡣
ллҶС磬޼Ϊм˵
˹źŮӶҶСһȻ˵ллǷĵĸл
л֮ͶѡҶС絭˵


2145 
Ƭ޴սѾˣеɳѾնɱһصǽ壬ϣʢĲľܶ඼ٻˣôŨ£ҪָҲΪס
ҶСɳޡЩŮӻعʱһҶСĿ𾴣ҶСǣҶСҲᱻЩɳ٣ɱ⣬Ů˴ߡ
ллˡллˡЩҶСȵĸֶҶСл
֮ͶѣòšҶС絭һЦ˵
飬ؽһսУܶ෿ݶѾݻˣҪ޽Ǹ¾һյʣЩŮӲϡ
̶ɳ˸ǰһޣ̶ǰǸѾụ̂ٴȥҲûʲôˡ
ЩŻСʱʱ䣬ޡ
̶Ӻ޵Ľ׷ʽﻻճĶһЩҩҺȡĮгĲҩĿʯʯȵȡ
һ̶ֿʼ˺̣ҶСһ̶ֱӣһΪΪ˴̽ĮľܹݶԿ£ĮȻܲ򵥣϶ӵŶԿ۸ֵֶΣпܾһ۸֡
;һ·ϣҶС̶˵İ£ѧαϷҲ֪ɳĮһЩ޵ķֲΪҶСʵǿԭǶҶС繧мӡ
ȻûҶС֣ҶСҲû˵ڽĮ󣬱ѾıԼòҲûϳǸһƵķҶҲǸʧ綼ķҶ
Щ̶ӣ˺öޣϵĿ˵ЩĮУµȼѡ
ǻʶ˺ܶĿɮЩɮд֮ˣûжκһһǰУȥ߳ʥ
ڣ̶Ѿһ·еյ㡣
ĻﶼѾһϣֻҪЩһĶĮܹ׬ȡʮ
ȻЩ̶Ȼ񣬵ȴŸ߷գ˾ܹ׬ȡʮҲӦõġ
ӣҪ뿪ˣֻҪһ·ߣᵽʥɽ̶ǰ϶
áҶС˵ͷ
һ̶һߣһ߻ͷҶС磬¶һĨм𾴣һ·϶ԿҶС磬ҪȻǵĻﶼᱻһա
ЩɳǷһ㣬ããɳĮкֱƺһжη塣
뿪Ƭ޺ҶСһˣߣÿһǰüľ롣
Ȼߵķ򲢲ֱֱһ޴ĻΣҪȥʥɽҪ;ޣ˳鿴֮ˮϧʧǸû֮ˮ
ǰһʱڿһƬ޴ޱȵޣƬޣ󣬶ҵƸӣɽ֣һѵĺджޡ
ƬɳĮϷϣҶСӿٶȣ˲˱̵Ĳľϣı̲ݡŲʪһõĸо
¶ˣɳĮǱ߰˿ͣϱݼš
˺ܶСͶﻶܶǲ֪ķʱ߷ɣʱʳһиһּΪгΪȻĸо
ǧ׵ľ룬ҶСҵһľʢĵطֱգϢȻ֮һ̼䣬·ȫ
֪䣬ĲݵУȻ˯ˣƺƬ޶Ϊһ塣
޵ĶΪҲڻ
Ҳ֪˶ãתѣһӳǺܶСԴʮ߰Сӣգ۾ĿԼ
ЩСӴòľά֯ɵĴֲ·һ
壬Ǹ棬Ѿ˯ˡһСк󵨵˵
ôˡҶСЦЦȻԼĺѾˣֲЩӽ壬Ǹ硣
Ƭϣĳ׵ķɣҲôϸĿƣòָˣ˺Ӳ硣
ܹô˯ϼºܿͻ񾳺۷壬
壬Ǵ𣿡һСŮգŴ۾ҶСʵ
ǵģǴӺԶԶĵطҶСתϵĺȫʧ˿˺ܶࡣ
壬ɲԸǽ飿һһĿҶС˵
ãǽҶСѵ˸һʧУһЩϸʱսкƽԭ·һЩЦĹ£硶ѩ߸Сˡ֮ģлŮֱĹ¡
ЩСӶԹԵҶСΧҶС署ŹºʵĶ


2146 ʥ
һʥɽˮһأǱ̵ɣ佫Զ񿥵Ķ๾۳ңǽķӥչ߷ɣɽµŮʱܰ
ҶСЩСӽŮʱͻȻ䣬һתһԼԼƬ
ǸƬϵƽ٣ֶָǵ̬ҲԼĿƣʱƬޡ
˭ĸҶСɻѯʵ
ʥŽĸʥŽĸɺˣƬϵŮ񣬺ܶ˶׷ʥŽ㣬˵ûܹʥŽ㡣
ʥŽ㲻úҪȥʥɽˣ᲻ʥŽ뿪
֪ʥŽҲȥ˵һͳʧȥɡ
ǰ㻹˵๾ڣӥһ衣
壬ɲ԰㣬㿴ܲ֡
ǰ壬ǲ뿴㲻֡
ЩСһԣһ˵
ǵĻУҶС֪һЩϢʥŵǸŮӲԸԶޣɣ߳ȥ֪ʲôԭҪȥʥɽͳ׵ʧȥɡ
ʥɽʲôطҶСʵ
壬ܶСָķ
ҶС΢΢ŤͷȥֻԶһɽƼǳģϸȥĻΪϵγɵġ
ʥɽôҶСѾжϳʥɽ̶Щ˵ʥɽ
˵ǵɽǶҪ𾴣𾴣ɽͻᷢŭʥŽҪɽȥŮһϻۡϳɵС˵
ˣѾôʱˣҪˣߣܡͻȻһС˵ȻȾܡ
壬һ߰ɣ
ǰ壬ǻҪ彲¡
ʥŽҲϲ¡
һڴСҶСͷӦ
ҶСӦЩСӶҶС½ܣƺһ㡣
ЩСӵӣҶС¶˴ЦݣɵԼĺӡ
ԣЩ쾳ĸ֣ȻûпʼŨȥǵǵʲߣһʼΪȻĺԶ
ʱϦбѾҪˣҶСɨƬϵ˷ǳ࣬ѾˣһѶѡһشصķγ˴䣬Ϧ£ܳӰӡ
ЩӵĴ£˶ʮӣڵһɲľά֯ķݶУЩʮΧСܶյġ
ЩǰܶһԶڵȴԼĺӡ
ԼĺӱܶһϵĽɢȥҸ΢Ц

ЩԶԶͺţǰܵٶȸˣҶС翴˿Щ˵ΪӣʲôĶУ񾳵ĸҲѰڣȻΪߵҲ񾳳ڡ
ڣҶСڲԶɽз˺üϢбչ
ʱЩСӴҶСѾЩ˸ǰ
Щ˷׷Լĺӣнܡ
ӭԶĿˡһ񾳳ڸһĿҶС˵
ллҶСЦŵͷ
˷ǳ飬һһкЩ˶ҶСȥǼͣ󣬾֣ЩΪ˻ӭҶСĵ׼һᡣ
ҹϰϰ֮ϵǳԶɽɢŵĹâɽһ޴ޱȵɽƯա
ЩǰѾȼĻ潫ﶼӳĳ˰磬ҶصĶ˳⣬иֽƷ̾Ƶȵȡ
ҶСҲԼĹơֿ˳һ
˸ҶСһִӣΪȻظооů
Żȼգܶ˶ΧŻһЩƤСӣģš
ҶСΧһϯضΧźüСӣЩСӳҶСɹ׷ҪҶС¡
ͻȻ䣬ҶС緢бƬɽ˵¼䣬ӳһӰҶСĿȻܹһŮӣ¼䣬˵ҫۣ˵Ĺ°һį
ʥŽ㡣ƺҶСĿ⣬һС˵
ʥŽסɽϣ˵ʥŽǰɽģ֪Ϊʲôڼɽˡ
ߣȥʥŽ㣬ʥŽһμǵᣬʥŽһɽ̫µˡ
ߣߡ
ЩС˵Ȼһ׷뿪ɽķȥҶСֻʣһСŮӡ
뽫ǵϢдŨһ㣬ϧϻЩǷȱ


2147 
ѤõʮɶߵĻ棬ȥ˾ģҲһ֣Ϊҫ۵ĸо
ܶŮŮŮΧŲ֪赸Ա߻ôƤĹģǺнеĹЩ˶һֶУһ˵ķɡ
壬㲻ȥ𣿡СŮգŴ۾ʵ
岻ᡣҶСЦ˵
ǼСŮƺڼһ㣬뿪ǻС󰡣
̫ˣ㡣СŮһЦȻҶС磬ǱߣҶСǼΪжʵ赸
赸ȻѧǸСŮֻǽһ飬ҶСѾѧĲˡ
ҲֽУʱƣоΧüŮЩ󵨵Ůʱʱһ£ҶС֮
ʵܲЩ飬һ룬˸ղŵĵطЩһдԹ֮ɫĿҶС磬ƺҶСʲôԲǵһ㡣
ҶСҲ֪ô£ȻĿͶǸСŮǸСŮװûпӣҲҶС͡
ôһʱ˽⣬֪ЩСЩ鷽漫Ϊ죬һ㶼Ǹӡ
ԶĿˣʢᣬͬʱҲŮĵط˭˶ԷʱͻڶԷ赸ԷҲˣôͻ裬衣ƺҶСеɻ󣬾ҶС粻Զһӽ͵
ҶСһ˹û뵽ԼܻͦӭģǱһ赸ȻͱЩ￴ˣϧǷǲܽܵġ
˺һ䣬ҶСԼԼ˺Ǹ˵ػѰȥֻԶһŮӻƮŮͷӨõװΣľά֯ɰɫĴֲ¡
Ȼ·ֲܴڣȴڵסǷݶص
ʥţʥˡ
ʥɽˡ
ܶ˶ŮӵĵǶβסĿϲͼ
ΪôˣҶСɻһʵ
ʥƬϵŮʥɽϵıѩʥ˫ᴩ޵ĺһƬд𾴡пȣƺʥűЩеľС
ЩСӵĴ£ʥᲽ˹ǳСţ״һ貸ɫĿʯĥɵӡ
ȥ绪֮
ʥŽ㡣ҶСߵǸСŮʥűϽվС˹ȥ
ͬʱܶ߹˹ȥ˵һЩĻƬϣǽʥĵŮ֮ϵŮÿһ˶ޱȡ
ЩСӵĴ£ʥҶСߵĲݵϣЩǶΧ䣬ƺΧһ
ʱָֻԭӣţƺȸղŸˡ
Ǵ桭
ʥɽ
ҶС罫ĿͶʥţʥҲĿͶҶС磬Ŀ⽻һɲǼ䣬ͬʱȻͬʱֹͣ
϶¶һ˿΢΢Σ󣬻ҶС˽֣Ц˵ʰɣǿˡ
ʥ˵ͷʣǴģ˵ǳǲ
ĿгΣһ
˵ܸӣкܶĻˡ
кܶóԵģÿģкܶ˵档
շɵĴֻ

ûеҶС翪ڣЩС˵һһʮָ˵ӣƺҲȥߣ硣
ЩСӵӣҶСЦЦ
ЩСӽҶСĶ˵Ȼ۰Ͱ͵ĿҶС磬ƺҶСǽĶ
ǼȻе֪飬ΪβȥҶСɻʵ
Ƕʥɽǲ뿪ɽҪȻȻѡҶС粻ԶһŮӽͣд𾴺ϡ
һ̼䣬ҶСסˡ
ƨʥɽ񣬿ⶼɽϵЩɮģҶС
ѵЩ̶ӶҶСٴʵֻҪ̶ôƬϵ˱ܹǿ֪һЩ飬ôС
˵ܲƽо޴ޱȵķɳЩ̶Ӹ͹ֻһЩ߲ŻżǰŮӽ͡
ҶСһЩƬʱȷʵԽһ޴ޱȵķɳ㣬ǸɳУһµĸָͿƲסҲƲסԼȻͻᱻܣ˵ᱻɳС
˵һĵطǰɴˣҶСǰʱЩޱȣҾô¡صᡣ


2148 
ôεĿ⣬ҶС绺˵Ȼʷȴž޴Σ˵һСľͻɥ˵еԴûзֻƽг
ҶС罫ʧ˵һ飬˵ķ븯ࡣ
ҶС˵ЩСӻΧ˶һ𾪣Ȼȼգǲ֪ʱЩΧҶСΧ˵顣
û뵽ô£ǵĳôһָ̾
ƬʵʵĴţҪȻȥ󣬿±˶֪˵
壬Ժ󳤴ˣȥ󣬿𣿡һСգŴ۾ʵ
ȻԡҶСЦЦǸСӵԴ
ЩСӿɲǴһô⣬ǾǺ磬Ҳ뿴ҶС˵Ļж໵жߴ
ǵĹ˵ĺͣһֲѪҺǵѪҺѾСǵֲֵѪҺȴķڣƺ˵֮ء
澭󣬲ܹ׵İ
Ȼն񣬵ȴܹŷɣͬеȻȫȴ赲޷ڡʥԶ˵һΣһֿɬ
ȻԸеǱ߷ɰɣҶСЦЦ˵
ʥ죬ƺ˵дʲôֻǿɬһЦû˵ʲô
壬㻹ûָǽǸСôˣҵûУͻȻһСŮʵ
ҶСǽŮʱΪʱԭûн꣬ȻǶϲкԼİﵣģ˻ʱ䣬Ƕ뽫ǸҶС署ꡣ
ǣ壬㽲ɣЩСӷ׷ҶС署Ǹ¡
ʲôС㣿ʥźʵ
ĹУһȺС㡭ʥſڣһõСŮҶС署һֲСΪİ˽߹β˫ʱֹͣˣȻ۰Ͱ͵ҶС硣
ҶСЦЦո׼ڽʱͻȻʥɫ΢΢һ䣬һЦ˵Բʱ䲻ˣɽˡ
˵ţ׷¹һѩ׵СŲű̵ĲľȥǱӰۡ
˶ɻĿʥŲ֪ôͻȻ뿪
˲֪ҶСȴ֪һʥŶʱ䲻ˣҲ뿪ˣҪݡ
һɽȻɽĸ˵ġ
ºܲ򵥣ʲôˣҶС
ʥŽôˣһСǲĿʥ뿪ıӰ
ղʥŽ˵ɫ̫ˡ
ǸղʥŽ㻹ϲµġ
ЩСӷ׷˵Сɻ
ҪȥʥŽ㣬ͲˡһС顣
úúá
ΧСӶһǳ˵ӡ
壬ߣʥŽȥ
ЩСҶСɽȥɽµʱ䣬ҶСĸоڸ֣Ƕǿɮ
ƺǲЩٶɽʩչռԻĶЩԶϲɽ
ϧǵ̴ˣҶСӰ£ЩǻϵɽҶСҲһҿ
ǸͲ֪ҶСӰģΪЩСá
ҶС¶Ϊֻ񾳳۷壬ǲΪһ񾳳۷ĸֻǶ޷顣
ɽϣʥվһʯϣԶҹգڲǿ£ֳӾҪ˷ȥӡ
ʥŽ㡣
Щһһ߽УҶС˿
ЩСӺҶСʥ¶һĨ⣬һĨϲ
ٴһ𣬿ʼҶСĹ¡
һسЩжˮƺΪСеֵ
СȻڣ׷һԼϲĶܽΣǹȴöԻ͡ʥűĹâ˵
ʵҶСҲϲŮµģǸСǷɶ˻һ㣬Ȼ֪ǷݰĶҩȴ޷˵˹ȥջΪ˺еĭ
һƺʥʲô̼һ㣬öˣȻɫ仹мְѾ˺ܶࡣ
С׷ҪҶСٽ£ҶСֱӰ˻ĹŴɽףӢ̨
ʱ侲ʣתۼ䣬Ѿ˺ҹ½꣬СȻζƺҶС署ҶСȰϢ
ɽѾˣǾʥŵʯͷɵķϢҶС档
ԶԶʯݾһ㣬ʥŵɡ


2149 Ե
ҹţؼ䶼ƺžҲֺֻƽвŻֳôһĻ
ĵطܰҹһһķһսҹ㲻ʲôҹ
ǵΪйɣʵǿҲһճϢ
ҶСɽĲݵϣȻպ˫Ŀȴû˯ܹĸоüʱʱƺʯһ㡣
һĻҶС֪һʲôأЩڸҲҲôʥţǿһ㡣
룬ҶСֳһʯУĶЩɮûз֡
ʯڣʥŸû˯ƺĳֻС
ҶС٣ֱӽüģʥͥԻ
ƺоԼͥжһʲôʥֱӴ״̬˳¶һ˿΢΢ɻ
ҪҡҶСֱԺ
ҶСʥȻ֣εؼǵҶСĻҲû¶ʲô֮ɫоԼͥУһҶСӰ
ףҶСһʲôҪ˵
ʥͥڣһģӰӳ֣ʥŵӰ
˼ˣûоͬұͥҶСǸ˵
û¡ʥ˵
㱻ص̫ˣЩ飬޷˵ַֻģǲҶСЦЦ
֪ɽУʥźĿҶС硣
ҶС˵ͷô£ΪҪ
ҶСкɻ
ΪŮıпĲԸʲô߸ϣ˳̵ŮֻͨŮȥաʥһʹ˵
ʮ֮ǰҺϵĺһǣϧһˣҴʥɽһ򵥵ĲԣȻ㱻ǷΪŮЩ˽ҴҾסɽϣܹ̤һҲɽ̫Ƶ
Ҳ֪ΪҪôΪҪҵʲôŮҸͲԸ⡣˵ʥʹƺҪеʹȫй
þúþãŻָһЩȶҶСſʵΪѡ㵱Ů
ͨԣʺӵеǸʥε˵ң˸ŮӣҲѡΪŮǺҲһǿǳˣҿɶʧȥˣôŮʲô塣
ʥŵΪǿԣѾ񾳳۷壬ڵǳأҶСһַǳϵĸоʱһֿ͸ĸо
Ϊʥ֮ӵЩӦʥɽϵЩɮйأЩһôҲһʲôı
ŮҲǵⶫҶСʵ
šʥŵ˵ͷ
ҶСЩ֪ʥɽϵЩһﵽʲôҪȥǱһˣ롣
ò˶ãұǰʥɽԶĽ׵ʧȥɣĲôһҪ޾ɣʥһʹ࣬漴ĿͶҶС磬֮ɫʵ㡭Ը뿪𣿡
Ŀг޵
ҶС˼Źڿɮʥɽ飬һʱûзӦ
ҶСû̻شʥ¶һĨʧ֮ɫˣ޹ʵģûбҪðôķգʥɽǵɽһΪҵԭ򣬱㽵³ͷһӶ԰ˡ
뿪ģ飬Ұ첻Ǵ뿪ûġʱҶС練Ӧ˹Ͻ˵ȻҲΪԼܹʥš
ģ㲻Ϊ˰οҰɣʥϸü¶һĨϲЩŵ˵ҶСΪ᲻ںЩΣա
֪һߣ¾˵ĵˡʥʵ
֪νҵĵ̫ˣǣûʲôֱ뵽ҿʱǼնɱҶСһɵ˵
лл㣬ģллôԶˣûһԸߵģ˵һЩοĻҲûһˣܹʶ㣬ĺܸˡʥ˵ʱʵĻѾˮ
ģûаο㣬룬һ뿪ҶСǰһץסʥŵ˫˵Ϊ˱ʾԼ档
ʥû˵˼ƺһ
ǶˣʥŵͥУĵĸоҪʵĸоеĶ࣬ҶСӰץ˼ʥǵӰ˫ָ֣о̫д̼ˡ
ܵĵӰ죬ʥʵһϷɳ˺ϼ
ое㲻ԾҶСϽſ˫֣һ֮ɫĽͣǸǸղΪš
סʥŵ˵ͷҶС˵Ļġ


2150 Ů
Ϊղŵ飬֮䲻Щһʱ䣬֪˵ʲôĺá
ǸҪȥʥɽһˣԣ¶ʱڲ뿪뿪ʱһ뿪ġҶС翴ʥ˵
ʥ˵ͷȻ󿪿ڵ²һʱ䣬ҾҪȥʥɽˡ
˵ţĿͶҶС硣
ҶС˵ʱһȥ˳㿴ʥɽʲôܡ
ڤڤܸоʥɽ֮ˮĳֹȻֻһָӦûУҪȥ鿴һˡ
ʥɽϵĸֺܶ࣬һҪСġʥſҶС˵
ģµģȥʥɽ죬붼Ŀɮǰʥʱ䣬Ǹʱ򣬽ʥɽѾΪȫҶС˵
ˣû˵֮ˮ
֮ˮʥ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ漴ҡҡͷû˵˵ˮھоˮյġ
ˮ֮ˮл᲻ĳֹҶСʥɽһ֮Ǳġ
Ŷģʱһڰи㣬ȵ꣬һ뿪ҶС˵
㡣ʥſҶС硣
ˡҶС˵һһʥüг»صҶСӤڡ
˵һлɽеЩָûв
Ϊʥŵ⣬쿪ʼʥһֱЦüֳѾʧˡ
ÿ죬ʥŶͺǣҶСһЩ£ӹúС
ڼ䣬ȥһˣǰʥɽʥɽо޴󷨱кܶѲӣҶС͵͵Ǳ˽ȥɽ̨ͤ¥󡢹󷨼Ϊܡ
ҶСûиозǿߵϢ񾳺۷ȴһˣϢΪǿһ˿˿ܹǿߵľ硣
Щ󷨼Ϊ£ҶСڶʱҲ벻κ˶롣
󣬲ѣֻ÷Ȼֻصޡ
صʱʥſΪˣɫƺҶС뿪ޣΪҶСҲˣҶСȻʮ־ϲ
ε¼ʥŶҶСƺͬʱг飬ʱгǡ
һҶСһֱޣɽЩɮҲûʲôʾȻЩе㲻Ƕǿš
ƽԭΪҶС粼õһϵֶΣչķǳ˳񼸺ԵȫѾռˣϱߵĳǳضѾĳǳػڳﱸ׶Ρ
ò˶೤ʱ䣬޳ǾͻᴣڻΧ
תۼ䣬Ѿǰ꣬ҶС˺ܳһʱ䣬˼ҶС統ϵˡ
죬ʥźҶСںϵЩСϷˣͻȻ䣬һʥŶ𣬡ɽ
ҶСװûȻʥ˵
ʥ΢΢һȻҶС˵е飬ɽȥˡ
˵ţҶСգգ۾Ȼɽȥ
ҶС֪׼ǰʥɽˣһʱҶСоܶĿɮﾭʥɽйŹֵ
ƺϴ֮жʲô˵˵ĳʥ֮ڲԶˡ
ɽϣµĿɮվȴʥŵĵ
ˡʥվǰ󣬵˵
ɮû˵ʲôǶĿͶʥţƺҪʥϷʲôһ㡣
û뵽ŮҲˣҪ㣬ΪŮҪĹնһУҪڹ߰ɣһɮʥ˵
漴һâ𣬽ʥŴߣɮʧֻһˣɮվɽ壬ͷӣĿҶСڵķ
ȻҶСںЩСϷɽϵһ״֪Ҳ֪ɮڿ
ԼǸʱ䣬ɽ֮ϣɮһӳҶСǰ
߽ԻɱĶҶС˵ſɫâųƶ£ҶСΪʮڵĿռȫˣƺҪҶСֱնɱ
𣿡Ǿǿѹ֮£ҶСӲݵվһĲмƱֱӽĿռƣҽɮ
㡭ɮϴ䣬ΪҶС粻һ񾳵߶ѣ֪ҶСʵȻôǿ󣬱Ҫ߳ܶܶࡣ
ʲôĿģɮʵ
仰ӦѯŶԡҶС絭˵ʳָһӵɮüġ
ɮбʲô鿴ķ
ʱ䣬ҶСջ֣¶һĨ΢΢ľϲ
Ȼˮĺ֮ˮйϵˡҶСɲǼʧ뿪ķ׷ȥ
ҶСʧʱɮѣǴƬһѣȻ绯ɳƺûдڹһ㡣


2151 Ů
ɮʥ߳޺Ϸϱӵ·̺󣬱ͣվա
ʥŤͷ˿ȱһʱɫ˱䣬뵽ҶСʱ΢΢ЩģȻĲѣҶС类Էնɱ
ǲκΣϣȻѡΪŮҪΪʥɽһУնϣģǲɱϵѡһڵĿɮʥ˵ûһ˿Ĵȱ֮ġ
ǻ˵ʲôȿѣ²û뵽ǾȻʥһŭ֮ɫ˵
ΪأСңɴңľȿѡɮװһȱ˵Ƣõֻ󣬿»ֱӸӡ
ʥмΪߣȴ֪ôЩɮѾ޳ֵܵزʲô취
ûжúһâԶһӳǰһâҶС仯Ŀɮ
ˣһɮҶСʵ
ˡҶСɮӵ˵ͷ
ʥŽһɫһӱòҰޱȣʧ㡭ķ
ʥŵӣҶСĲ̣ʱܹ¶ԷЩ˿ʲôҶСĵ˵㡣
ҶСͷʥһΣƺҪеȥҿһɮʱ֡
ʥΪҶСıϵˣǱʹ֮ɫҼ
ԲҺ㣬ңҲ⵽ǵĶ֡ʥһСţһ
߰ɣһɮ˵Ȼǰȥʥűһɮһâߡ
һ·ϣʥŶһ֮ɫл¶һĨ
Ȼ̿ʥĵӣΪ˴ƣֻίʥһˡ
Ƭ޾ʥɽǺԶûö೤ʱ㵽ʥɽɽ¡
ʥɽߴΰŮһ·ĮеŮһ㣬ɽ°֮⣬̲ݷïһ̺
һɫɽһֻӵ˰ɽɽϣ붼ľЩľγɶصƣڶµĺǵ㾦֮ʣһӻ
ɽϰѩƺһɽһɫñһ㡣
յʥɽĺܲͬʥɽɢŵĽ⣬ׯ϶£һɫͨɽбк֮£һ̵ֱɽ¡
һЩɮ̤ŽɫĴһһɽȥƺɫĴͨʥطĵ·
ȻҶС͵͵һʥɽǸʱɽԶԶû׳ۣƺɽ屻һ㣬ӵһ޷С
ɮʥɽһ֮ɫƺɽѾеɽһ־ļС
ҶСɨĿɮһϣƺŷʥɽ
ڽ̵ȻģҶС粻̾ڽ̲Ǹ˾ϵο壬ҲӾϼԦˣͳˣ˱ޱȷ
İ̾ǸܺõӣЩ͵ĽΪνĽ壬Լ¡
ĳϽЩɮܵʥɽһЩ顢ϵӰ죬Ƿ̵̡ȵȡ
ʥɽʱʥׯϣȴĨƽʥеǷʹʥɽͲνʥ֮أĮɽһɵΣһҶСĲ֮ء
һ׼̤ϽɫǰɽʱüϢԶ
Ƕͣ˽ŲŤͷȥֻṲ̊նǾŮʥ࣬˵ĸ߰
ƺǾǸ߸ϵˣǷӡ
ŮϵϢʥϵϢƣ˵ͬԴҶСһǶǸνˮԵʡ
ŮԸڸ֣ͬһ㡣
ŮϵʣٿʥţҶСһϲǺܺÿĵƺһĸо
˼ңƲŮΧһ˵ģ˵һ㣬ܱȣܱȰε
ߣΪŮŮˣѻʼձ䲻ɷˣÿһŮƳһʥţһļһ£ʥŵƳһ֮Զ°ͣ˽ɫĴƺ̤Ͻɫ˲䣬Ӹ߹һ㡣
Сðִ˵ŮҪŮӣ㿴㡭ֻѵһŮӰ̾˵ҡͷ뿪ˡ
һΪʥ룬ʵأΪ˳ʥš
ŮӸûпһʥţƺʥŸûз
ʥͲ̫ãôһ֣ʥиίˣǱԩһ㡣
һĻҶСҶСŮ˵һ䣬˭ײϧΪԼļƻڻʱ


2152 Ů
ŮŸ߰Դ̤˽ɫĴɮƳһʥţƺЩȻߴʥ̤˽ɫĴ
һɫĴعΪǼܣۼ޾ģʵޱȣˣһʥַ߲ĸо
ƺѾ˵ķ룬Ϊһָߵȵ塣
վڽɫĴϿʥɽƺɽиߴһվվھǰĸоȻָߴ˵Ĳ壬ڵľƺʥɽ̺һƵ壬ж
һһߣͬߴӺ쾳磬һ̤񾳵̣ƺһ˻ζ⾳
ʥɽϣѩǣʥׯϣ˼䡣
߹ɫɽһ޴Ĺ㳡㳡ñѩѻģдһʥ
ʱ޴Ĺ㳡Ѿ˿ɮЩɮ͵ڱѩϲ˫֣Ŀ߶ʲô¶һֶʥɽ㽡
ҶС˸ոߵ㳡һ˶ûͣԽ㳡һΪֺĹڡ
һ߽ĿͶĿвм䵭
ڣϣһ񾳺۷־һɫâ۶ɳ۵ӣķͺЩɮһǹͷƺʥɽΪһ壬ĺʥɽϢڷǿߡ
ҶСұ֤Ƿǿжֲκκô
ʣ־ĮĵһˣҲɮ쵼ߡ
⣬ǰ֮£һ̨׵վһ񾳺ڵĸ֣񾳺ڸѾ񾳺۷岻Զˡ
࣬ͬŮվǰ棬ԸڵĿɮ
ʥվһλãǰŮӴͬһˮƽϡ
ҶС˹ĸʥ
ҶСԸоʥЩţƺһ㣬У䣬ҶС绹һֺϢͬĶ
񾳺۷ĸ֣ĿɨдƺܹŮȫ
ܺãôǷǳùﵽ񾳳۷壬ףһ֮ɣЩͣ漴ᶨֻһͷ
ŵͻȻкʥžŮûУŮϵϢڼ
ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һоӺܲ򵥣̺֮𶯣ƺ˴˼ʲôϵһ㡣
ѵνľˮˮк֮ˮϢҶСһͬʱɢ׼鿴ӵԴͷϧ󷨲㣬ѲκβĲ鿴Դͷ
оνŮ⣬гʥ֮ˮйϵ
ʱΪ˵õ֮ˮܹݾߣ˲鿴ʵʵվ
ھУ֮£ŮϵϢڽߣûжãǾֱͻƵڣںϢȻֹϵϢƽ۷ʱͣ
ʱ׶֮ƾ£ȻŮҪɹ췣ˡ
ȶ췣ɣֵһӣһռͨ򿪣ŮʧˣڴͬʱǾŵҲʧƺ˻
ֻʣЩɮĬĬĵȴš
ڴҶСȻܹܵǻͻ׵磬ƺƴޱȣƺ췢ŭˣҪŮն
˰ʱ䣬ƽڣռ΢΢Ůһ£ٶ£ƮƮʤɡ
ɢһָΪƮ졢͵ʣƺ̥ǣһʱ̲ɢ
ҶС֪Ѿ׵ı֮ˮ죬ϵʾ֮ˮʡ
Ůʽ񾳺۷֣ŮϵϢ¶һĨϲ֮ɫƺʲôõҪһ㡣
վ߳˴һ֮񾳺ڸֹظ֣ǾŮҶСȿɮ
ߣһֱߵʥɽɽĵλòͣһߴһߴʮɣߡ
񾳺۷мƣ£ׯϣƺһдģ˵ĸˡ
ߵǰ񾳺ڸ¶һĨһ𾴡
֪߶ЩʲôȻ䣬ͻȻһͨ򿪣ƺͨ£Ҳʥɽڲ
񾳺۷ֶ˰ݣȻͨ˽ȥ˶˽ȥ


2153 ֮ˮ
ͨһֱ£ͨһɫ·̺һ޷İ壬ƺشȫдС
һ·ϣʥŵܵͳΪûиĿ֣ƺΪͲҪġ
ͨҶС֪ʥЩʲôҪɣ⣬ҲΪҶСһֱΪҶСѾɮնɱˣȻʹ֡
Ȼ밲οһʥţڻʱ򣬵ȵ֮ˮõֺȻʥ뿪
ͨһֱ£Щɫ·ԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼƺѹʲôǹش
ӵʱһƬգʥɽɽڵĿռ䣬ƺ̺µĿռĿռ޴ƺûб߼ʡ
УŸعγɵľ޴ɫܣھŸ֮䣬һ̲ȭͷôСˮϵر任̬ƺһһ׽ĸо
ôһ̲ˮУ̺ſµ˼µʱƺѹţһ»ᴩ£ûĮ
ʣ֮ˮϧѹ˴˴
ϸȥĻͻ֣ᷢϸŸع۳ɵĽɫһγ״֮ˮУγһֶصơ
һĻҶС綼Щ𾪣Щ˿ߡЩӣع۶ɣҲ˵ˣһеʵǿ֮ڹҲһԲľ磬ǿߣǷǿߵֱʡ
񾳺۷־ûʵһС
ͻȻ䣬ҶСĿ΢΢һУ֮ˮڣƺһϸϸˮ͸գҲ֪ͨδ׳Լ
ʥɽɽڵ׳һĻˣǸ⣬˶˼ĿһĻ
⡭ǣ񾳺۷һ𾪵ʵ
νߵ˶֪ʥɽµô˾͸Ӳ֪ˡ
Ǿʱ֮һ֮ˮ֮ˮ̺Ų˼ܾ֮䣬Ҹױ㷢֮ˮȻ󹹽ط֮ˮѹͬʱ޾׳󡣡
֮ˮ̫ˣǲֱ֮ˮһֱգ»ᱻڻޣΪ֮ˮϣֻܹҵʵˣ̺֮ˮϢǵʺ֮ˮҵȴô꣬ʱڳˡһĿȡ
һоȻģ̫˼ˡһ񾳺ڸ૵г𾪻𾪡
ɮǾŮҲһı飬ϵɫЩԾƺ֪ԼҪٵʲô
ʱתǾŮ¶⣬ҸһУڵǻرҵʱˣǵΪý飬ҾͿ֮ˮˣǸй򶼽ںһȻΪǿߣʱǱҵľλһɽӡ
һ׳ĳƺֻҪΪ˷ǿߣܹͳһһ㡣
Ϊ˷ǿߺ󣬻Ǹ£Ͼ֮ˮͲһõʵȻһķǿ߿Ա⡣
ҶС˶ԷĿģ֮ˮ̫ˣһһȻᱻڻΪ֮ˮ
ֻЩʲܹ֮ˮһЩȻҲֱգһʼֻܹգ̺ЩĶ֮ˮĸǵȵ׸ú󣬱ܹ֮ˮˡ
ʱѵ˴νĳʥҶС绹ûȫŪʲôĿġ
лһᾡȥɡʥ⣬ŮӸϽ̬ƺνƺŸסˡ
һ͵ȻĿͶʥţĿ¶ʧ֮ɫ
õһˣû뵽㾹Ȼ΢΢һ̾˵ͽȻĿһ䣬ԸⲻԸ⣬Ѿתˣʵʵ֮ˮɣҲ
ǶȥǾŸɫϡ˵
Ļ£ͬʥڵľŮ˽ɫϡ
ɲǼ䣬ɫһ·֯ɫӼһ
ԸⲻԸ⣬ʱѾΪ˶֡
ǿǣҪ뿪ɫӣҪȻԸҶС˵
ǣЩ˶˵
һۣҶСˣȻ뿪ˡ
뿪ҶС޼ɵͷţ鿴һ״֮ˮ״̬һƻΪ˵õ֮ˮΪ˾ʥš


2154 ƻ
ʥɽɽڣڿɮһ֮ɫһ̬ȣ
֪Ҫȥһ£ǱͻƵ۷壬Ϊ۸֡
һΪ۸֣ܾ£߳ĮЩǿ߷ͥ
ȻĿǰʵǿ󣬽ŵƲ·۸ֻ֣Įһ뿪Įڷ۸У㲻ʲô
߳ɽֱӽ޴УڿտҲͬžŸɫӣһ߽ɫá
Žɫð˰ݣ¶֮ɫȻָû˵״ˣԲˣһã׼£ɹڽˣһɹĮͻӵ۸ߺ󣬵ʱ򣬸Ͳκη۸֣߸Ѿˣȫлȥǡ
һһ㣬һߣƺҪԼȫ˵һá
ļƻ̫ΰˣôһֱУûж˵񣬼ƻҪɹ뽫еǷϲø˵˳
ղɽڣ鲻Խ˵һֵļƻ
һ˫Ŀ磬˫лһĹ켣γɣһǾŸɫӡ
žŹԪһ˵
ʱ䣬ŸһӶâãƺһ㣬Χת
ھŸɫͬʱʥɽڲŸɫҲâãŮڵĿ
ɲǼ䣬һˣ֮ˮҵĶûκ̬޸ԴƺʱҪʧ
һɹЩ˾ŮڣǹִŮӿŮ֮ǹƺƽ˺ܶ࣬ҲΪױա
һȫµ˾ŸɫڣȻ󾭹һϵеתڲŸɫӿȻк£ڣһСֽǾڣƺıŹʵŲ
˵һϸ棬ıԣع
ʱ䣬ͻȻâɣޱȡ
һ̼䣬ʥɽϵġɽµ˶ܹʥɽһɫӰĬĬƺеۡһ㡣
˶ݾߵڼأߵ֮ЩȶжǺƴӳһƬ죬ƺĮ˶
ƺʲôǶش⣬Ե
ĮƺںɵţӦ
ʥɮʥֿʼˡ
ôƴ󣬾ôԶӰ쵽ˣ治򵥰
Įаܻͦġ
ĮУܶǡַ׷ۣڳʥЩ棬ЩηǶδ֪ľη
һЩʥɽǺԶĸַ׷ǰʥɽƺҪʶƴһĻ
пɮϷһǾһĸоЩȫ񣬽ڲǾ߽ɫڡ
ʥɽڣҶСɢڵɮʥĳȫԺС
֪˳ʥĿģĿľΪ˴̼ǾãǾѪ⣬ָǰΪ
ҶСȻܹȥҪ֮ˮȫˣǻ˵ã
пɮע˾ŮϣҶС簵Թ˷ģʱΪһ䣬֮ˮӡס
Ҫ֪֮ˮ̺ǿնЩѹ֮ˮϸߺ󣬲ܹ֮ˮӡ֮ˮ˲ʧ
޸Դ˭Ҳ֪ܵʲôطȥ
ʮӵʱҶС繴ճöġ
һǧöӦ㹻ˣҶС
ʱڲǾѾѪ⣬䣬ѾˣϵϢѾӽԲֻҪڼһʱ䣬ܹͻƣΪǿߡ
ʱҶС綯ˣһ˲䣬֮ˮϷпµĹ֮кйɵն£һγƣѹ֮ˮ˿߶ѡ
ҶСնЩ˿ߵͬʱķð֮ˮ
һĻһĿɮסˣǵɴ۾ƺǰһĻ
ҪʲôϽһ񾳺ھĿɮһͬʱһµĹâҶС磬ֹҶСƻһС
ǵâҶС˿ûᣬԹնЩϸߣһâҶСתƵЩϸϣУƻٶ˺ܶࡣ


Щɮһ¶ŭ֮ɫͬʱҶС繥
ʱҶСѾе˿߶նˣЩĽ֮ˮεķӡסֱս˴ָС


2155 ֣뿪
ʥɽڣҶСԼٶն˿ߣȻ֮ˮӡ
ʱЩŭĿɮһ¹âѾ˹ȫҶС˹ȥ
ҶСֱӳʥŵǸɫԱߣй֮նһӱ㽫ЩɫĹâնһεĹâųʥŰС
·һ߷ʱΪĳһռУҶСʥŵ˾ʹռʧ
漴Ƭռָƽƺûгֹһ㡣
ҶСѾƻ˵飬һ·Ҫԭͨ뿪Ļ»ĿɮнҪΪǿߵˡ
ĿɮʵǿᣬڶԷ޵УҲѣֱ뿪ʧ硣
ҶСʥʧɽڵĿɮޱȣʶҪˡ
֮ˮϵܷȵͻƣŮý飬֮ˮʧŮȱһбΪ

ʱһŭĺһļ˻ġ
һͿҪΪǿˣû뵽ȴ˱ʣŸɫҲˡ
һĻ٣ɽڵԺУ¹Լܷһ̼Ϊǿߵ֮ˮȻʱ׵ķŭˡ
ޱߵķŭ
ʧȥǹǾõѪȻȻ̺ȴˡ
ʧȥ֮ˮ˺ܴʧ
ˣˡ
Ƿ˴
ɽڣһɮ˫Ŀʧһǵӡ
˭˭һҪҳѹꡣŭھ
һ̳Ϊǿߵϣ˭ŭ
ǿԳΪ۸ֵģǾҲзǿߵʵʱܹ߳Įݷǿ߷ͥ񣬿ϧһȫˣϣĥ˶
䡪
ͻȻ䣬ʥɽҵɽҡضɽڵĿռǾҵĻζƺʧȥ֮ˮÿռѡ
һµ˳һڵѷԭ֮ˮڵķӣɢ
ߣ뿪Ҫ̮ˡһ񾳺ڵĿɮһŮǰնЩ⣬һ񾳺ڸҲһҪЩŮȳ
ɽڵĿռ𵴵ĸˣЩɮеŮӽɫϾȳȻͨ뿪
Ѿ߳ҡҡ׹ҪʥɽʱĶڵѪ
˳֣ȹɽվմһÿһɮĻ
һµƥƺ綤һ㣬ɽϣɽ岻ڱ
ɮҲһǷ׷׳֣һʱ䣬ƬռУϣ纣һӿ
һâʥɽڲ
ɽȻھҵҡΣǣ޴һѷɽһֱӵɽ£ֱŻֹͣ
ҿЩɮʱ֣ҪȻʥɽֱӱĮеɽΪƽأЩɮе֧Ҳ
ȻʥɽѾİɫȻѿޱȣѩɽϣܶѾ̮һѷ棬ЩɽڵĿɮǱܶ
Щɮû˵ʥɽոȶǾͻصԭĵطƺȴ˵
ʵǿ£·Щɽ߳Ŀɮǰɨʵʲô飿
Ҳ֪ʲô飬ͻȻ䷢ˣնЩ˿ߣŮ֮ˮһɮ˵
ӺܲԾȻϵΪֻڣǿǱʵΪ񾳺ڣԭǱðˡһ񾳺ڸ˵Ŀ
ߣ϶ǱðˣҪȻ˭ǸƻһС˵ȻĿͶ˺ҶСһǰɮ
ܵĿ⣬ɮԴһ֪˵ӡ
Ǻһͬǰѵûзһ˿˿Ծĵط𣿡ʵ
΢΢ԥȻҡҡͷûУǸûзʲôߣ
ʱʲô𣿡ʵ
ʲôһ飬϶һЩûв͸ǽ
һɮƬ޽鶼˵˵ȥһ°ɣҸо¶붼Ǹйء
ɮص˵ͷȻ뿪
Զȥ֮ɫӱˡ
ʥɽҡΣѷ飬Ѿ˿ܶ˶֪¡
ԭ򣬳ʥʱĶ̫ˣܶ˶ԶۿʢһĻʥɽҡʱǶˡ
£ò˶ñᴫʧ硣


2156 ع
ɳĮشͨʧڵĵطУҶСǾ߷ǰһ޴г֣һ̼䣬ҶСʥŵ֡
ΪʲôҪңʥſ˿ܣȻĿͶҶСɻʵ
ҴӦģѵˣҶСЦЦ漴ָӡ
㡭ûһΪˡҶСʱʥż˵һ̣ȻҶС绳УȻʹ
ޣޡһʱ䣬ҶСҲ֪ôȥοɵŮӡ
ڣʥֹͣ˿۾ģģƺžøղ˵ҶС绳кܲס
ںһ˰ɣҲҪƭģ¶ʲôţЩ˷ˣǸҶСһǸ˵
ûϵӦ˵ллң뿪ޡʥź˵ʱҶС绷ţôǵһôܵĽӴ
ʥŵɫҶСſ
ҶСſ˲Щ΢΢ʧ䣬ƺоʲôҪĶȥһ㡣
ʥܣȻҲһƬɳĮԸоĮܲͬع򡢻ǿռѹͬ
ǣʥɻĿҶС硣
ĮҶС뿪Ц˵
Įô᣿عƺЩһѵĮĳЩĵطʥźʵ
㿪ЦģﲻʧĮһĮﱻǸ˽硣ҶСЦ˵
㲻ʧˣʥžȵĿҶСʵ
ҶС˵ͷ
ҲںǸˣֻ֪߳Σллʥϵ˵
ãߣȥסĵطɣҶСЦЦйâȻʥһ·Ŷ߷ȥ
صҶСо泩֮ƺһֻص˼磬صĸ׻ĸоһ֮С
ףʲôôڵܣʥָ湫·ϵĸ߿ƼСγʵ
СγѾı˺ܶ࣬ڵϱۣܹзС
ĸ߿ƼҶСΪʥŽ͡
ÿһĶʥŶѯʣҶСĵΪš
ƼǸ粢ڣڿƼʧ˶ǳȤ
ҪﵽʱʥҲûȥʣƺ̫鷳ҶСˣգŴ۾ĿһС
ЩĶԺУΣеʱ䣬ʲôʱ򣬶˽Щ
һƬסĵطҶСָŶߺϣһƬȺ˵
Ǻ򣿡ããʥʵ
ţʧ綫޾ǱߣҲ˵һ̲ˮƯźܶСҶС͡
ˣҶƯϪСʥһȻ֮ɫ˵
ҶС˵ͷ
ѾˣȥɣҶС˵һ䣬Ȼʥֱӳһڡ
ʱһڣֻʮҵŮͺľ۹ڣ\ľ۹档
ҶСʥͻȻ٣Ů΢΢һ㶣ƺҶСϤһ㣬ȴ벻
硣Ǻľ۹һӸоҶСϢһȻ˹ȥ˵ҶС绳УСʱԴҶС绳вȥġ
ôˣСӣҽﶼռˣ۾ָܿҶСԴ˵
ģľ۹Ȼ¶һĨϲ˫ĿʧΪֹͣǰѾˣ˵Ǽٵģܹˣôܲ
ȻġҶСЦЦȻĿͶСŮһĴʵôôͲʶˣ
ǰְ𣿡һǳƤСŮգŴ۾ʵ
ң˭ҶСϹҸЦݣ䣬ЩھΣôٹעԼСŮҲѹһ棬ûϳԼ
ְ֣ƤСŮ˹СǸ֮ɫ
ְ֣һľСŮӵĵеȻڵ˹
ľ۹Ѿ뿪ҶСĻҶСһֱԼһŮ˵Ҹ
ԱߣʥſһĻЩĸо
̺ãҲǱְƭģ۾ǸƤСŮʥţ¶һĨ
ƭģʥһɻ
ֻҪְִİ󶼱ɰˡ
ʥ¶˺ΣȻû뵽СŮ˵Ļ
ֻƤ㿴ã԰ҶСװ𱸵˵
СŮһҶСŮʥĴ䡣ͬ\ľ۹Ůȥˡ
뿪ҶСųԼϵϢϢصһ


2157 Ůۼ
ҶСɢһ̼䣬һڣ˶ܵˡ
һϣĽѩᰡࡢϣǼѵһӢ˲ţЩ˵䶼ʮһΪܿ£ʥ֣һΪۺ
лϿ֪Ľѩ׼񾳸֣ͬʱһЩ˳۷塣
ҶСϵƱ˲䣬˶һ㶣漴¶˾ϲ֮ɫ
С磬СˣȥһĽѩ˵һȻʧ
ᰡҲʧˣֻʣ࣬ԥһ£Ȼˣ뿪ˡ
ڴͬʱŷǧȵŮܵҶСϵϢʱͷĹһȥ
ҶС¥ǰԶϪϣ˫ˮУˮ¶һı顣
ݡ
һâԶƮֻһŮӶ˹ֿɶˡгἸ˶УǸͽų
һȺŮݺݺ࣬ÿ϶ɢŲͬϢ˿ۻңҶСһ̼䶼࿴˼ۡ
ҲûʶԼȻǷôʡ
ÿһŮӶǶһ޶ŮеļƷû뵽ռˣĸԵ
Ůһʱ䣬ҶСҲ֪˵ʲô˼Ҳ֪Լе
þòˣûңһһŮҶС¶ҸЦ˵
ȫͺáĽѩ¶֮ɫʱѾû˵ʱĽʣһĸʣ˵ĸоΪº͡
ȻҶСʱǰһ߸ϵŮӣƷǳһ˻ƶԿˡ
ĽѩᣬŮҲᣬȻҶСֻнʱûмǱϾҶСȥ磬ǸоǺҶСܾûмһ㡣
ָоΪ΢Ϊ⡣
ǸǵˡҶСϴǸĿÿһһ˵
˵ֻֻҪԶǾСͯ˵
һʱ䣬ĸʱŷǧʵ
ΪҶСһ⣬ЩϵŮӶѾǰҪһѯʹİοĻҪ۸˵˵ʧ飬ȻŮһʣӻһЩ
ŷǧһ͵ҶСȻʧһеţһϵֶεȵȡ
֪ʱЩȱǣ׵ӡǶʧÿ϶¶һ˿ĳء
ʧ磬ŮǺܺģϸҶС˵ݡƽԭĮֲйĹ¡
Сʱʱ䣬㽫ʧһеȫ˵ˡ
ˣҵ֮ˮҶС˵\ľӣһʵ
ԼôһֱںڰжȹȻܲζҶСѾõ֮ˮʮּ
ȻģҪȻһҪʧһʱ䡣ҶС˵ͷ
ллˡ\ľӣӸм˵
лӦģң۹ҲӡҶС΢΢һ̾˵һ
۹츳ԭ򣬿½۹Ѿ񾳸ˡ
㽫ǸʥŴˣĽѩݺҶСһ˵ƺڹҶСָһá
ʱҲסˣҲĻҶСװһίӡ
л˾Ӣۣʧ綯ҵĴĽѩǰǻͷΪԼĽѩ
ԭ򣬲Լһİֳɷݡ
𣿡Ľѩûپ⣬ɵת˻⡣
ᣬʧ绹кܶ飬ȥǸĸ̫̫࣬ǿˣһܹͳ磬ǻҪٵķչǸԽң˵ԽҶС˵
һʱ緢չĺѸ٣α񾳸֣񾳸ֶ˺ܶࡣҶСЦ˵
ţߣѾһΪٷչĽ׶Σÿ˵Ϊӵĺܿ죬عƺҲ˺ܶࡣᰵ˵ͷ˵
ôʱᰵԸҲ仯˺ܶ࣬飬Ҳǰôëëŵģ˺ܶࡣ
ŮԸٶһЩ仯Ȼźõһ仯ÿ˶˺ܶࡣ
һ̯ӣĸ֣ķǺܶľΪ鷳ˣŮֵ
ҶСŮϪ˵ʲô⣬ʲô֮տ֣ûǸˡ


2158 ׼
Ů˺óʱŮһȥֻʣĽѩһ̡
̵ΪжҶС飬Ů֪֪ҶСǹ˼룬Ҳ¶ʲôأϾŮӣܵĽַ⽨ʱڵĽƤӺܱҲȥҶС˵ʲô
˵ǲʲôֻһֽͱˣʵĸо˼ƺһζ
˿ܵģվǸܺõĻᣬĽѩнںǺ󲹣һҪŮ㲻ҶС磬ֻɺˡ
ůŨ˽ġĽѩĴ£̷Ůӵ֣ںҶСһ𣬳ΪҶСˡ
֮ǲ㵭ĸĤѾʧˣȾ֮ʱ۾һˮ·ľʹеҸͼ
ϸҶСʶѾˣҺܶսһԣ񣬿ϧ˴жй˼ɶûȫ߳һ
һȻĽѩİ߳ģǣô˵Ȼˡ
ΪĽѩͺڣŮӱصԭ̻ǷŲʱƣͳ׵ʧĺС
У飬⣬ޣ֮󴫳ԶϪˮߣȻˡ
ƺԼ϶֣Ѿҵ˹ޣҵԼеˣԼȴƯǷݸȻء
˵ܹҶСһģΪʱı֣֮еı֣ϧԼѡʦţѡҶС硣
ΪѡĴҶС֮ҲÿȺܹһĹϵ
һҹߡ
峿նʱ𴲣ϾǵһΣҶСûôڣҪ˺Ľѩϡ
˻ں˯
Ϫˮߵ߳һ˫Ŀ¶һ˿Ľһ˿Ȼ
Ϊ˸ֳ̣дŵģݹˣʤǰ
Ů˺ʹȷʵͬͬɬʧȡ֮ǳ죬ׯġ
ϲ㣬ڳˡԼĵ¶Ц˵
лأ׼ʲôʱͥѯʵ
֪ԶˣҲ֪Һ֮ĹϵʲôزɬһЦ˵
һ㣬־ͻòһ첻ĽѩæҺ֮ǵĤȻڣʧ˵
Ҿɣ΢΢һ̾ͻȻ䣬·뵽ʲôһ㣬Ц绨Цдŵ˺ʶ󣬱һֱǶ֣˴˭Ҳ˭û뵽ǻƽһĵʱ򣬸о·һ㡣
ⲻΣʵչĸ򡣡˵
ǰڻҪʵ˵һ䣬Ȼˮ

ҶСŴϣֻһˣŮ֪ȥ
Ͻ𴲣Ȼ񹬣֮ѾռھҪΪ\ľ۹Ƴҩˮ
ͬʱѾ֪ͨҶ棬ҲǸصĽ㡣
ȥʧ磬ϧʱЩĸֲͬ⣬磬ָ߶
ҶСʧ˾žǱߡ
ҶСƾս񹬺ûжãͳˣʱΪѾָ񾳳۷壬ٸʱ䣬ָܹǵˮ׼񾳺۷Ĵڡ
Ѿ׼ˣѯʵ
Ѿ׼ˣֻǲ֪ôơҶСͷ˵
ȥһ棬ҩˮ»µĲ˵
šҶС˵ͷ
ת˲䣬ʧˡ
ҶСһȫǳɫĵϣ¶ȸߵˣΧһЩϣܹܵ˳ȵ
ԴҶС罫Ӻħ󣬾ͽҪõˡ
ɣҪһҶС緢һ
Ƭ̺һȭͷСĻӵðΧĿռ䶼ȶ
ߡҶСйâȻʧˡ
һ򶫷ǧ⣬ããϿգҶ˾վȴҶС硣
ӵ֪ͨҶӾٶȸò˶೤ʱ䡣
ͻȻ䣬ռ΢΢ҶСӰֵ֣˲䣬ΧĿռ䲻ȶⲻΪԭ򣬶Ϊ
𣬱ϵĸ£ʱ޿̲ɢţԼҲƲˣģȵĸӰ쵽ΧĿع


2159 
Ǿ𣿹ȻҶСžֵʱҶһĨ˵
漴ĿͶҶС磬Ϊ˺ܶࡣ
ôһΪ㲻ʲôЩǿߵĶ֡ҶС΢΢һ̾˵ƺԼΪһ˿Ĳ
֪ɣ˶꣬ģȻҲһսԿ϶Щǿ߶ʱڿ϶ָˣǵĽ»ָ۷սҶ˵
ҶСͷʾףȻŮʵڸô
Ƚ֮ˮó񵭵˵
ҶСɨָڵ֮ˮ˳ʱ֮ˮѾΪһԲΧķİѹ߷ģ֮ˮͱ
ֻҪһˣò˶٣ȡһ㡣Ҷ濴֮ˮ¶һ˿⣬ƺû뵽ҶСܹõ֮ˮ
ҶСĿ֮£ȭͷСԲһ࣬ЩһҿȻҶСĶΪСģʣһʱпµĹâų⿪Ĵץָ׸ǴС֮ˮ
䡪
ʱ֮ˮ˿µƺҪҶСǸָ׸ǴС֮ˮҲǿӦϣƺҪ׵ĽЩĥ
һĻҶͬʱɫһ䣬ҶпµĽɫâŷγһƬ״һƬƺ»ͬʱöָ׸ǴС֮ˮ
֮ˮһУƺܹڻҿҶС⣬ҪȻҶСͷӡס
Ůѹָ׸ǴС֮ˮʱҶСһð֮ˮȫ֮ˮϢŻʧ
ָ׸ǴС֮ˮѾҶĽɫ»ȫڻˣ˿µ޾֮ˮȥ
Ͻþɫһ䣬˵
⻹״γ顣
ҶСϽͨ𣬾õҶСָʾһӳָ׸ǴСľ·
ֲĸɢһعĻȼգ֮ˮƾ֮ˮôĽڻУѲˡ
һĻҶͬʱһܲС֮ˮһΧһжᱻڻʧ
ҶСѾʣ֮ˮȻ뵽˴ָС
ڽ֮Žȥ𣿡ҶСʵ
ţƬ͹ˡҶ˵ͷ
֮ѾʧֻԴֽҶСĵƣǻ֮ԴժƬȻƶ
ҶСһſڣƬӨáȫΪ۶ɵĻ꣬ųʥĹԣƺܹһС
ҶСĿ£ƬͶ뵽˾С
䡪
ոһµĹƺѾ͸˿ռ䡣
ԾΪģȵĸ£γһ׵ԲƺһС
ʲôʱҩˮܹƳɣһкҶСһڳȻĿͶŮ
ʮ졣һǳ䵭˵
ʮ죿Ǿ͵ȴʮɣҶСЦЦ
ҶСֻ￴һ죬Ȼ㽫ٵĽУҶ棬Ѿص˾Ǳߡ
ҶСصһ򣬿Ƽϡ
ϣƼ¥һʼʱܶ౶ӥææȥһɫβڱ۾һʿ
ܶ궼δˣǸӣ˿ϣΪŵʥأܶ󱲵ֶԽ
٣ʲô㴵ˣþöûмˡоڣӥҶСʱĿһЦʵ
ʱûмѣͬʱһöҶСЦ˵
ʲôöӥ˫ðʵҶС˵ĿѸͲںںҶСһ仰ö
񾳸ֵʬ壬ҪҪҶСǧһߵ
ҪôҪ񾳸ֵʬ壬ǱܹоõҩҺȫóɣӥ˿ûп˵
ȫθڻ󰡣³Ҹһ룬ʣһ㣬ҪָǱߣȸеˡҶСЦ
һһ룬һҲӦùˡӥͷ
ãһط²аɣҶС˵
ãҴȥԭϵ⣬Ǹպúܿաӥ˵ȻҶС˵ݡ
ͨҶСѾ˵ڲｨһŲֿ⣬ֿиָĲҩɹиָ޵ʬ塣
ߵһֿǰӥˢһݿֿŴ򿪣ӥ˵ͷɣ


2160 
ҶС翴˿ֿ⣬ͦģһָУϰپ񾳸ֵʬ֡
ЩѾȻɢǿޱȵƣӥһ飬ǿµӿӥһһƨ˵ϡ
ҶСйâðӥֹֿµϢѹơ
ͻƵα񾳣ҪȻ㶼Բô񾳸ֵʬ塣ҶСЦ˵
ҪŬΪˣҪȻԺ˺õĶȴܹǾ̫ʹˡӥǳƵ˵ƺѾ˾ģζĴ̫ˡ
Щ񾳸ֵʬȫǱϧȴܹȥϸ鿴һʵ̫ˡ
һ˿һһѵĳƱмȴһṵֻܴܿ
úɣǺǡҶСЦЦرղֿ⣬ӥ뿪ˡ
ӥ̸һ£ڿƼչҶС뿪ˣΪܵĴӥ̸۵ʱӥЩȤѣҶС˵ƼķչʱҲһš
һüɫĴ̸ۡ
뿪һҶСǰ˾ЩԱһЩ񾳸ֵʬ壬ȻҲǰطЩ񾳵ʬȫַϡ
ϾҪ뵽ԿʧЩУĵǲģҪ
Щң˿ҶС罫Щǿߵʬ͸Ǻһж̾ҶСؿȻҲѡ
Щ֮ŻصһŷǧȵרŸŮӣҶСʧȫ˳Ȼ󷢲˳ȥÿ˶֪ʧ
Żʱ䣬ҶС罫еĹźˣʥţŮͬţʲô£οʥŻһڸ֡
һ鰲֮ҶСȴҩҺƳɹ
ڣʮ쵽ˣһ죬ؼΪ֮ƹƺҪ޴Ľһ㡣
ҶСףһƵҩҺ̫ˣصĶ
ͻȻ䣬йܹâԲǧ֮ڣӿȫ˾С
ͬʱ֮ϣһڻڵƲУ缸еĸֶˣǿ춯һǱߵطһûǧȥ鿴
䡪
žڣҩҺļһµ׵罵ٶ£˾Уϧûһ˿ģǹ׵֮ҩҺС
䡪
׵֮Ͻ䣬һһ£ʱ򣬾ҶСҲ֣ҪȻή¸ĳͷ
תۼ䣬Ѿǰ˵׵֮ˣھŵ׵罵ٺ󡣾ƺһ˺ܶ౶涼ը˿ãʧǺܴ
׵֮ŵ֮󣬾֮ϵƾʹɢȥ·ûгֹһ㡣
һ̼䣬ҶС硢һԵ񣬶ЩҩҺܹܲɹͿһˡ
ҶСڴУ𻺻ɢ¶һžӨõҩҺΣƺˮһ㣬Źɫʣ䣬ɫߺͻɫڽڣܹ졣
ҺķһҪһʱ䡣һ֣һ⣬˺ס
ҶСҲˣҩҺķ˾ܶҪȥһɽȻָ
һҩҺУ̺ޱӴ۹ʹúΪȻǣǻҪһ£ѹҪȻᱬġƯǵҩҺ˵
šҶС˵ͷһ죬ǵҩҺͳҶСУû뿪ɢľ۹˳
һһâҶͮ\ľ۹
硣۹ܸ˵ؽһ˵Ŀġ
Ѿ㽫ҩҺƺˣֻҪʹúͿԻָΪҲˡҶС谮ĿŽ۹˵
лл硣⻰󣬺ľ۹ӸˣٵҶСߡ
ҶСһ˿ľ۹ǰɫ˫ĿȻ˫ֻӶǵҩҺͱҶСֳΣֱ˺ľ۹˫ĿС
ҩҺ\ľ۹˫Ŀʱľ۹˫ӱ˲ɫеĹƺΪˣȻҵ˼±һȻĹ̡
䡪
ͻȻ䣬\ľ۹ϱޱȿµƣΧĿռ䶼εתΪˡ
ľ۹ϽתӴ
ϵϢԭԽӴʥءʥءʥءʥ۷壬תۼ䣬ľ۹ΪͻƵʥ۷塣
ʱϵϢȻǣǿͣĸ죬̺Ĺ򣬺ľ۹һš
ʱ򣬻ûͻƵα񾳵ʱǸƤƺҪըһ㡣


2161 ʵ
\ľ۹ѾƲסڵӴˣҶС໥һۣȻϳ֣µĹâӿȫ˺ľ۹ڡ
ҶС˴¹âѹ£ľ۹建ָӨ񣬹âתƺÿһϸж̺ſµ
ѾһЩعΪһͻƵα񾳣ͷûֹͣ侹ȻͻƵα۷壬ƣͻƵơ
һĻҶС綼һͻƵٶȣ̫˰ɣЩĽ
ͻƣʵҶС罫ĿͶ˵ͷ
Ǿúľ۹ͻƵ̫ˣԺķչܲߣ˵Ϊͻ̫죬鸡ȵ񾳺󣬽ޱȡ
ܳܶʲ߱лΪ۸ֵģϧΪι̵ԭ񾳺ڣеڡ
ҶСٴͬʱ֣ľ۹ڣӴعȫӡʱǵϢֹͣ
ֻҪľ۹ЩعȻҲͻЩҲʵ˵ԺܹΪǿߡ
ʱ֮ϣ죬췣Ҫˣκľ۹췣ǳֲ۵ĺУӴ
ľ۹ϵϢȹ˫ĿѤĹâųĿƺܹ͸ʱͿռ䣬ȥδ顣
Ŀɨ䣬ҶСоԼƺ͸ˣҺĿֻһţôһ˲䣬ҶСоԼһ亹
Ŀ̫ˡƺĳĿУԸһǿߣҲԸĿ⡣
䡪
ףһ׵ͽˣһӺ˺ľ۹ϣû˿ķӦƺڽ׵һڵȫųɾ
Ϻ۵췣һʱ䶼ˣҲ֪ܲܳҶСգ˵
췣пܻή°ʮһ׵硣񵭵Ŀ˵
ҶС֪ͻƣ϶ԴȻˣ췣˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֮ǰǿ˺ܶࡣ
֮ϣһ׵֮ÿһʱ䣬ή٣ҶС羲ĿһĻľ۹Ӧԡ
ʱ䣬ʮһ׵ȫ٣ľ۹Ҫˣȫޱȣͷɢңƺѳһѷ죬Ϊҡ

һ׵罵ٺ󣬺ľ۹ֱӽ˴Ϊûһ·ҪܵԵʣֻơ
ҶСû˿ĽѾܵľ۹Ϣȫġ
Լʮӵʱ䣬һһŮˮŮӱǺľ۹
һеСˮʧˣһԶγϡ
磬ܿˡľ۹һϲҶС磬˵ȻҶС硣
ڲŷѾ˴ˡҶС۹Դ̾˵
ȷʵѾˣ͹ĵط͹ðĵطѾǳŮˣҲɢڵ
񿴵Ѿ㶨ˣĬĬ뿪
ҩҺúľ۹ؼΪҲͻƵα۷壬ֻҪŬʱͻƵ񾳾û⡣
ͺľ۹úһҶСصһ
\ľӣһϣƺרŵȴľ۹һ㣬ľ۹˫ĿѾָˣӵһȻ˵Ļ
ҶСûдŽˣ뿪һ
ѾˣʣµľǷչˣûڶˣҲǷǸʱˡ
ϾǸлкܶȥȻƽԭǱߣѾеȨҽҪ鶼źˣҶС绹Щġ
ϾǱû񾳺ڸ
ҶСʱ䣬Ů׼Ůһʱ󣬱뿪
ε뿪Ҳ֪ʲôʱܹٴλϧÿһ졣
ʱҴңµʱҶСоѾˣͻأʧȵһ̼䣬ͳһһСϡ
СϣҶСŮʥĴй䣬ʥһСϵĿЩİĶҶСŮ򲻶ϵĽţǸСʦһ㡣
ԴӸҶСصһֱôţһĵС
ҶСͻȻǰ
ְ֣
ŮͬʱһȻǵĲҶС绳УѾҶС粻İ
ҶС簮ŮԴȻ󽫣ĿͶʥţҪȥʧˣɣúÿ硣
ҪˣʥһʵɫƺЩţҶС뿪һ㡣
ţˣǸ簲һȥ㿴Ǹ硣ҶС˵
ʥŵ˵ͷЩᣬ֪ҶС綨ȻҪҪˣû˵ʲôͬˡ


2162 ʧ
ʥ̸һҶС뿪ˣ˻ʲôʱ򣬶иţЩִƼ￴أУҶСһεؿ˽ȥУҲ˽١
ҶС󣬲ûʧ磬ղȥǿޱȵ󷨣ǸͨΪġ
ķһµʱŲɣ󷨹Ϊˣ񾳺۷ֽٵһ˲䣬ᱻȻ󱻺ɱ
ڷ۸֣Ҳֻܹһʱ޷ɱ
ҲûʱԵʣҶСʱ䣬ҶСܹó۸µ󷨡
˵նɱ۸֣Ŀǰϸܣ۸ֶعѾԲĵزּ䣬ı䣬ǿ֮
úһкҶСɳĮв˳󷨣󷨲óɹ󣬱ֱܹӴ򱱷Եش½ľ޳ǵĳڡ
ҶСͲһ󷨣Ϊ˽ʱʹá
ķʱ䣬ҶС㽫󷨲úˣҶСӰֱʧ
ҶСʧһâ֮콵䣬ȫҶСһ߷ҲΪ˲ͨ󷨽١
ʧ磬򣬱ԵشڵУһѷ򿪣һӰѷе䡣
ǵѷת۾ʧ
һӰҶС磬ʱǱѣãѪ߰ߣ˵ͷɢҲѡ
ֿ紫ͻʹõĺãҪҵҶСµ
봫󷨺ƺ޾Уǿ񱩵Ŀռ籩ϴ㽫ɢڷ޾գԶܹ
һ£Ȼ仯˷Ҷӣֱ뿪վ˸߸ߵϡ
ɢǳڵһжԺг֣뿪ʧһʱˣҪı仯
طǲôģµʱ䣬㲻ʲôǻ̫ͬˣÿһ춼һ仯
ӳЩƹݵȵأЩ˵е֪ϻûʲô仯ôӹȥˣΪҶĴȻЩ˽ֵĻ⣬ǶŷҶȥʲôطôü¶ûϢ
е˵ҶѾնɱˡ
˵ҶõϸĹϴУڶ
һʱ䣬˵硣·һòϵĻһ㡣
Щ˿УҶС绹֪Ϸǳʱ޳ǵĴлĵشĸֶȥֳ
ô飬ǵȻҪȥ鿴һ£ǲ鿴ĽЩǳضǱԵشͬġ
𰸣Щ˵Ȼ⣬ϾѾάô£ǰôǣھͻȻˣ
Щ˶׼ЩǳأϾЩǳصĴڣǿһвƺЩǳصıһĪ
ǻǴ⣬ԵشЩ֣мʮЩ˵ϣЩ˽׵ĵطһʧ޳Ƕܲ
ܹһνôȫնɱҪȻЩǱ޳ǵĵ̣רնɱΪǵĵˣҪЩΪ͵ȫնɱˣʧȥ˸ôƽԭҲͲԶˡ
֮£ԵشЩֿڷһ£Ƕ˵һˣǸ˵Ҫչ뽨ǳأԴϡΪǸ˾޴ĴۣǸ˭˵Ҳ֪
𰸣ǿ֮ͬ
Ȼ뿪ˣȴһЩ̽ӽ˽ǵĵطƺҪھʲôһ㡣
֪ЩϢҶСһڻǺ޳ֿʱ򣬱͵Էչ
ʱԵش½ǳѾ˵ѾΪ˻򱱷ԵشΡáˣЩвĸֶǰ
ڣȻҶС粻ˣȻһЩ۷
ҶС٣ٴνһЩϻ֮ЩЩ𴫸ÿһ
ڱԵشЩʵôֻ֣бնɱˣڸǺϻֹܹԱ֮սʱҲкôġ
ӣҶСڳƱǳж˱ѹĳǳУҲУһǳصŦ꣬ûбĴڣİǳؾԹͨ
ǳҪϽһɹǳ޳Ǻ޿κΡ
ЩӵҶС󣬱㽫Щϻ֮ܿĴڸЩĸˡ
Щ˵֪ҶСڳڣһ͵͵İݼϧҶСƱûʱǡ


2163 ǳؽ
ߣȶģֵĿⶼתĮǱߡ
Ѿ˺ü£ȻķзĮɽѳһѷ죬ôܹأ
ɮ춯Ҳ˵ǷѰҶСټǸҲһ˿
֪Ҫ׷֮ˮѾˣǿѹԼеŭ
ô֮ˮѾӵ˽۸ֵԿףֻҪܹΪ۸֣ѵʱȽϳѡ
ҶСһֱڻ򱱷ԵشǳеĳĶ챦
ڶ챦ʱҲؼ䣬һĸűƣΪҲ
ĲϣҶСʱŽɡ
ˣЩǳضӦ޽ˣھʣĵıˡ
УҶСվž죬Ǳ춯һ㣬
һҶСʧУжȥ
һ뱱ǳؼΪƵľ޳ǰεضռǳ󣬴ӱϿѾ˺óһʱ䣬ȴһӰҲûС
ǳܵĳǰиأûǵͬ⣬κ˶ڣҶС֪ǵȴԼ
ԵشڿһƬˡҶС
һʱ䣬һ֣콵䣬ڽͬʱ
ûжñͬһ֮һ㡣
䡪
ڰǳĳڣнгǽʯͷϵ·ƺǳضһ㡣
ҶС˫ֻһâ˳ǳУҪе󷨶ǳС
ҶС缤ǳص󷨣󷨺ǳʱһĸ˶׷ǰǿҶСĿҲûǰֺˣһ˿𾴡
ҶСֱʺܴ󣬽ôĳǳأĺ
˰ʱ䣬ҶСŽһжˡ
ӣӡ
˶ͬʱǳĹâ
˳ǽտ
ҶСһȻóŴЩ뿪Щո뿪ֶӿǳУΪ̣֡
һУҶСûںһǳص𣬱ȻҪѪ൱һļһ㡣
Щ˰һЩҶСǰĳǳأεľٶһűƵȵȡ
ʱ䣬ҶСŽнľ޳ǰϣҴ򿪡
ǳȫ䣬һͳһϢƺŰǳضһġ
ȻҶС缤󷨣ǳص飬Ѿ˳ȥƽԭ֪£Ҳ֪˾ǷҶõϸʱķҶ
Ѿŵ¼ٶȽ޳ǳѰҶС磬ƺҪҶС֪Щʲô
ΧЩǳذٺúҶСввУƵЩڸ֣вͳһ֮ڸһʱ䣬Ǿܹȫͳһˡ
ҶС˽һȻ˸ֲҪ󣬾콫вͳһȻǳء
һǳأЩжĹâѾ˽⵽ǳشĺôһҶСҪǳأȻʮָˡ
ӣһ˵ҪҪͨҶСڴںͼĸ̸ͻȻ䣬һ˽˵
ɣҶС絭˵һ䡣
ǣӡֹ˵Ȼ뿪һһ񾳳ڵ˽
ӡޱȹ˵
ʲô飿ҶСѯʡ
ӣϱ߷һ飬λ̴ˣһˡ˵
Ŷʲô飿ҶСʵ
ǰϱ߲ñʱûȥ̳ʱſΧЩǳأûע⵽顣
ǸϻǱйء˵
ϻģҶСüͷǹϻĵ飬¾ͱȽ鷳ˡ
˼һ˵ȥɣһ
ǣӡ깧˵Ȼ˳뿪ˡ
ҶСϣ˼һǼʵĸ˵ҲˣھԽԽˣҪ콫вͳһǳʱڣ÷ǳֶΣȽƿȻһ𡣡
ӣģһᾡɵġһڸ˵
ӣܷһ£в׼ʲôһֺѯʵ
˵Ҫͳһƽԭ𣿺ǺǣæȥɣˡҶС¶ĹâȻʧˡ


2164 ϻ嶯
ҶС뿪ʣ˴ڣˡ
Ҫһͳƽԭ𣿡һɻʵƺЩҶСĻˡ
ģԵشѾˣвҲˣʱʣˣȵٱƿغƽԭͻĸҪͬƽԭ¹һ۷˵
⻰ڵ˶˼УмˣиŲõĹâƺǳ֧һ㡣
ȻҶСܹͳһƽԭôǼ൱һԪϵݣʱմȨȻǳڡ
ϲԵش޴ǳصĳڣ̳ŮɫЩأƺʲôһ㡣
ͻȻ䣬ռ΢΢ҶСӰ֡
ҶСŮ۾ƺĹһ㡣
㻹Ǹ˦ƹ񰡣ǽô࣬ʱȥʲôطˣҶСƽȵϣЩԹ˵ƺҶСܲӡ
һʱ䣬ҶˡҶСǸһЦ˵
ԵشЩǳضƵģʵ
ţҡҶС˵ͷ
΢΢һƺû뵽ҶСشôʹ졣
׼ͳһƽԭҶСʵ
ȻԵشЩǳضҶСƵģôܿЩطҶСˣвɵӣܹ³һš
㲻Ѿµ𣿡ҶСЦЦʵ
һ𣬲Ѿȷ¶һҶС磬ƺû뵽ҶСôҰġ
ʱ˾УΪ̳ͬʱҲǺҶСҪʲôû뵽ҶСľȻôһ£Ҫ̻ںεأ̻ǵˣȴڲ֪аҶСæᰡ
ˣǲ˵ʲôҪʲôҪ飿ҶСɻʵ
ϻǱߣһʱ䣬Ƿ֣ϻϱߵһЩֽǻ򡣡̳ɫص˵
ҶС˼þãʵ˺ʲô
ûʲôֱԷɱˡѡǽԼࡣ
ϱ߻Ѫţܹ²СǱѾҪͳһˣɳһ˴ͷ˽ƽԭڽ̶ˮ룬Ȼ̵ҶСƲ
ѵҲͳһƽԭôأ̳ʧ
ʲôܵģҲĿݣشﲩԴḻǸȥƽԭͨݵ壬ֻҪƽԭݻԶ𣿡ҶСǵķ
ô̳ĿͶҶС硣
ʲôֻҪǾˣÿĶʱϻǱӦû̫ı仯ֻҪݲңǶҶСŵ˵
ȻĻֻһƲ⣬ȴһĵǵ걻ϵϻģȻ֪Щ۸ֵǿ֮
ݲңǲ֪۸ܵжأҪȹݣߴ۸ɱӺʧʹˡ
Ѿȫͳһˣڸô죿̳ʵϲԵͳһǳؽƺûĿ꣬Ҳ֪ҪЩʲô
ͳһǵΪЩͣҸȻһսҪҪŬΪҶС˵
̳˵ͷҶСĻȫš
ô֪һսʵƺһֲĲݵӡ
⻹ʣߴһսʧ˺ܶˣһЩһΥжȥľٶزϱ仯Ҫµķ۸ֵˣʱе²ϴƣսȻеġ
˵ߴ۸˺أڱԭ޾򡢻ĮݣƽԭûǸͷ϶еģȻǺƽԭܹͳһҪͳһûսôܣԣΪǵ֮ҪȻֻΪڻҡҶС˵
ѵ񾳸ֻڻңҶСĻܲ˵
ڻңǸ߼һڻҡҶСЦ
㡭ЩƵĵҶСһۣЩӡ
Ҳò۹⿴ң˵ĶģʵҲڻңǣԺͲһˣЩ۸ǾڻңԣҪһΪҪܵʱ򣬾㲻Ǹ˵Ķ֣ܡ
ҶСĻûٷ֪ҶСĻܶԡ


2165 ǰ
ҪΪ۸жѰһٸ񾳺۷УҲһܹΪ۸֡ʮƵ˵
ҲǷҪΪ۸֣׼һЩֶΡҶС˵
ͻȻһĿͶ˳⣬ƺоʲôһ㣬ˣѾסˡ
˭ˣɻʵ
ҶСһЦûʱһ仰Ǿصȴš
Ƭ֮ſͻȻһ㣬ƺһ£˵ĿⲻԾı˹ȥ
ʱ䣬Ӱг֣һŮһƤ·˼Ϊߴ̺żΪµѪǳѪ޵С
һͷķñ£װιţһַ̬֮λǰ׵۳ǳĬ
һˣҲŮӣ̬飬һһϮɫɴϣ忴ʣȴĵŮӱ̻ǳա
ʦ

ʱ̳Щţƺʲôһ㣬ͬʱԴ
Ǻñ£ôͳһ˻Եشյ⶯Ʈ죬ƺͲһת
˵һ󣬻պͰĬѪ޼Թ˽ϡ
˵ĵҶСƺûһ⣬ĿͶգд֮ɫ˿Ĵ̾ԭԽƯˣ֪Ǹд˸ܹȢ˻
ҶСһ̳ЩĿɿڴƺǴûҶС羹ȻϷգ˭벻ġ
ԸȢ𣿡ɫĴӦԣ˵ĿĿҶС硣
ǣȢ㣬ºƽԭУֶܶƴҶСһЦ˵ͬʱ룺Ů˻ͦѶԸġ
û˵ôţںܶжЫĳǶһһ걯˵˵
Ůʱ̲ɢŹҶСа룬յֱҼȻʱԲܹһϧҪȻֱλþС
ҶС粻ɫһȻ󻺻ʵ֪λǰ룿
ҶСûĻþ¶һĨ֮ɫǵõһκҶСʱҶСĻþû뵽ʱգþȻûʲôˣЩ
Ϊ£һһ·ڹ¥̨ǷõʲôĬֱӿʵ˴˶Ǵˣʲôֱ˵ûбҪĨǡ
ȷʵõһЩҶСʹĳˡ
ҶСĿⶼ¶һ˿⣬Ȼû뵽ҶСʹĳϡ
ҵõĶûʲôã紫˵еǼϸʱԭˣ
ϸԭ򣿡Ѫ޼ʡ
ʵҲûʲôعıѣķչһʢ˥ҶСЦЦ˵
֪ϸʱļʲôطѯʵ
ҶСָָԼԴ˼ЩļУطͲˡ
طҲĴţ˵õϸʱĿ´УȻǣӦýһ£ҪȻкܶ鷳ĬһҶС˵
Ҵ鷳ֻҪ˭Ҿͻȥ޻أ˵󻰣ǳУǷǿ߽٣ȡҵ¶ЩѶȡҶС˵
˵仰˵ЩǰҵˣǸˣҪֵĻ£˵˻ҪܴĴ۲ܹ뿪
ȻҶСĻɫһ䡣
û뵽һʱ䲻ʵȻô࣬ӣΪǿǳ顣պƽ˵
ô˵Ϊ˸ѹ͸¶һҶСʵӵĺܿ죬ȻԭԸҶС硣
ôһΪʲôڵʵλһ˵Ķ֣ҪΪ۸֣õȴ£µʱƬֿʼޱˡҶСЦЦ˵
漴Ŀ⿴˰Ĭһµʵ֪׳˵ĵڶʲô
ֱת˻⣬۹Ϊ顣
ʷԵشǷѾͳһĬĿϬҶСʵ
պѪ޼Ҳһ˶ʮרעĶҶС磬ƺҪץסҶСκα仯
ǽĿģʲôϸʱĴУеȤѣʲôУʱѾˡ
ǸʱӢԵ֮Ҳࡣ


2166 ̸
ĬʣҶС絭һЦ˵°ͳһԵشô׵Ļ綼ͳһˣֵܹ𣿡
𣿲ʢͳһ˻ԵشϾǰǳضƵģס˳ĬĿȻϬޱȣƺѾ϶˾ҶСͳһ
ⲻһףðˣЩ˼ԴҪǵһЩҶСɣһЦ⣬ƺ˵Ķʵһ㡣
ֻ𣿡ЩɻĿҶСʵ
ʲôǸòΪҽԵشͳһ˰ɣʵҲ룬Ҷ뽫ʧȫͳһˣϧһûǸ¡ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
Ѿ˵ֵزˣ֪ʶʲʲôˡ
ѵûͳһ뷨𣿡Ѫ޼ѯʵһ̽ĸо
ҲûôģͳһϲѪȡıڱѪеΪͻƣΪҪƻһУҶСѪ޼
ҲǡҲǡѪ޼ͲóۣҶС練һ䣬ɫε˵
̸˺óʱʼûеõҪõ˶Ųȥ
̳ѣû˵ʲô󣬲һ
ǰΪ̽ҶСĿڷ磬ҶС絽ҪʲôǲиҰģϧҶСشĵˮ©ǸͿʲô
ڲ֪ңڸôʦأߺһԹ˵
ܲ˵ԵشϱѾҶСƿˣУҪ
װʲô֪ˣȻʦӦò̫Ϊ㡣ҶСЦЦ˵
ߣûзϣʦѵһٵĻﻹһЩܲʣܺǳƵ˵
ǼҪ˽ѵһ٣ŻῪġ
żأûĵҶСһۡ
ûбҪΪ˶а׵۳ǺѪǵڣͲѵǣϾڲ飬֪룬ʦһһ͡ҶСЦ˵
ʦû뿪ĿҶСʵ
ûУڳڣǧһҾ¥ȥɣԭһСҶСƽ˵
𣿡
Ȼ
ҸôȥͣѵҪ˵ѾϲѾˣ¶һĨ
ô˵Ѿ²⣬һֱϰˣҪҲâĳϣǾͲŶԸҡҶСЦ˵
ҶСһȻ뿪
뿪󣬿̳ƺЩĵӣҶС簲οģ㲻ȥʲôѾ̻ǵˣ֮ҪͣΪǳͽܡ
ˡ̳˵ͷȻʵӣĲ׼ʲôһֱ
ϾʲôȻһЩС黹ҪģҪ͸ƽԭȻ͸ƽԭҶСŹâ˵ƺһжļƻ֮С
Īǹ׼ͳһʧ磿̳ʵ
ʱ֪ˡҶСһЦȻ˵Ϊ˵߸ʧ磬ʧûܹԸ·ˡ
͸һͽˣȰպûЩһҪУǸʱ򣬾޳֣Ҳ޿κΡҶС˵
ǣӡ̳ͷ˵ѾΪҶСĵ֡
ǳУǧ⣬һ¥İУһŮӾƷζžˮЩˮȫһЩ滨ɵġ
ŮӾǻգҶС˵û뿪ȴʲô
һ󣬰Ŵ򿪣һɫгȹ˽պϰţߵ˻ǰͷŽż⣬еʦ
ղû˵ƺûпͽһ㣬Ȼ͸ղһϸƷζЩˮ
þãŻ˵ûʧ첻ĻԺҲʦͽˣҺˣҪȻʦۣҲ᲻ˡ
ʦԲֻߣû뵽ôæһ֪˵˵
ҲǹаӦҵ˼һ̾˵Ȼ
ͽףͽԲеġ֤
Ըɣ˵һ䣬ȻʵǸҶô
ʵǿ󣬶ǻ۳Ⱥһرһһˡһ߻룬һ˵ϻһ˿Ļζ


2167 ϻ
Ļ΢΢һ̾˵˵Ĳ
˵꣬Ŀһۡ
տɫͨ죬ʱŷӦ˹Լʦ˵ǶҶСڿ͹ϵƽۣһŮӵۡ
Ϊĺܿ죬ǻ۳ȺԶʲôҰĵĻ¡»赲Ͻ˵
Ҳ׶Ը㿴ûҰģնʵ
Ӧаɣ˵ƺһֲȷء
УҲûа취ˣ˵ʵڵģڶûаܹһսˣҪĶԸ»ܶ˶˶˵׻ƽԭֻһˣʱһ֮΢΢һ̾˵ƺһΡ
ѾҪݽȥˣȻˣ㻹Ǵߵģʲô·ʱԸһ¡
˵һ䣬Ȼߣ߳Ҿ¥
ʱ飬֪ôźãʦȻûǿȵ˵֪ʦԵףҶС鱨ȥ

ϻĶɽ֣ľïɽգУΨһĺôУĲҩܶࡣ
ȻǶһЩҲ֮طϡɽˮЩսǿ
ͬһȼУ༸ǵĶ֡
ҶСڳûñ뿪ˣһ·УԽһӵɽ󣬱ϻġ
Ҫ߿һϾϻ߶ԺƽԭӰܴ
ïܵĴУİƺûһ˿ЩСӡȵȶûУﾲ˷ţҶС绳ɣ־ᶨʮ¿¶ˡ
ϻУڶ࣬ʵΪǿЩǿޱȵ޵ʵܹԿ۸֡
ϻĺҶС͵͵˺ܶ࣬ȣûٸշУ޵ǺģȻǿԷֲԼɻڼ䣬˵ǻǻӶצӣһ¶˳վǻˣкܶǰԸ
ڴһʱҶСоһ˿ĲԾƺŵȦӣ߲ȥ
ףǲǲǰļ߰׹𣿡ͻȻҶСĿһǰ
ʱǰʮ֮߰׹ǰţӰ׹ǵĸ̶а꣬ǰ׹ϵӡƬֲûޣ˵Щ޶ڰС
ӦһȻԻôҪȻӲҵ۾ȻԻôҪƽ⿪ʲô¡ҶС
˹õ󷨣һֵκĺۼһ˿˿΢Ĳ𣬶ȻĴռ䣬عںһ𣬺ѱ֡
ȻѾһȻĴ󣬾ͺýˣҶСһ󣬱㿴ֵĹɡ
չ˼άֱߵĻһӶ߲ȥֻ֣ڴĹ֮£ߣйɵģܹ߳ȥ
ҶС翴˿ܣȻһĲһߣ̤߳·Ĺ֮ϡ
ߵȷ·ʱƬƺ˺ܶ࣬˺ҶЩӵĽиַ˴
һɲǼ䣬ƺʧȥ»عһ㣬ԵüΪأҪǲ󷨵żߵȷ·ϣ¶ᱻס
ƺȷ·ϣܹеһУȷ·ϣƺһΪĿռ䡣
ʱҶСܹһЩСлԳӣͷݳȵȣΪԭʼĲԻ
ҶСһ·һ㣬صǰУûоһޣҲûоһֻСӣһЩС߾Щ޶ᷢ֡
СʱҶСֺ֣߳߳󣬳ҶСǰһƬôĲԭ
ԭһȺ壬ЩƺûȫһѣȻΣȻһ޵ʣǷޱȵݣгצӣƨɺ滹һβ͡
һĸʵߵα񾳣ǾȻѧĴݣȻֲܴڣȴܹпǵǻۡ
ǵʳżڿˮһ£һûζ֣󲿷ֶһ޵Ѫ⣬̡ܲ
һµУ϶òʲôõϢҶСֱӴƬԭ߽֡
У쳣ͣҶСĽǱ룬ɢ䣬˸壬ЩиָģľɻΪε壬лκ壬ָۻҡ
ʵЩ嶼޽ɵģȻҪǧѣ൱ǴԭеĻС
壬ǺܾúܾǰʱһЩϰΪ޵ĺᣬǵĻѪ޲ͬ˵޺塣


2168 
һ·ҶС˺ܶ壬ЩƤԭʼһ͵ޡ
ֺЩˣǿԽԽˣסĵطҲйˣǲԭȺ֮ˣҵĽҽһͨ
ȻЩ˵ʵҲԽԽǿСʱʱ䣬ҶСż񾳵塣
ԽЩľԽǸߴգ֮ϵնڵסˣּ䳱ʪƮŨŨĸ֮ƺ֮أ˵񾭺͸йٶԾĽ
ǡ
ҶСǰǰ֮ʱռдһ΢һͨ˸ƵѾķΧ
áҶС簵ͬʱһӳǧ֮ĵط
ʱһöһķöȴ֮ͬһΧЩ֮˵ע⡣
Ǳǵĵ̣Ѱһڴּ
һдᣬ̣ƺҪַߵټȻ𣬶ַǵĹǿҵ޺ͳ⣬·ʱЩǿ߽ʧ磬ַǵĵֳ̣Ѿ뵽˹
һҪץסַߣһǾǴеǱ̵߲ȥ
֮ƬϤѰﵽҶС־磬ʱܹȻϡǸѰҲ
ڽкҶССĽȻС˵
֮ڸȷʵѧϰϵ൱ǿӵзḻĴ
ǲ᲼󷨣᲼÷ģȴΪԭʼĻغн
ղҶСײһĹ˿ߣΪ΢΢𶯣˿Щ
Щ֮˶µĻصȵѾָƣǶȻǲˣֻ˿ԡ
ͨһ飬ҶСǿ֮˵ǻۣĳС鷽棬಻֮ˡ
ҵûУ
ûС
ңѾҪַҳ
Щ֮˸ǻԾˣƣƺҪƬַһ飬üΣ֮˴߾ȻûвҶС硣
˿ΧЩҶСȥߡ
ҶС뿪һӵʱһѰ֮˷ɱȺס֮ء
ϱ߲õЩ˿ˣַ߿϶ǽ
֮ˣܵһɫëƤ·ǰ˵
Щ֮˶ͳ֮˵ƣЩ˳Ϊʡۡ൱񾳸֣ǿߣ񾳳ڡڡڸֻ֣е񾳺۷ʸΪ񣬶൱Ƿ۸֡
΢΢б˿ǻ۵Ĺâϱߵ˿ȻˣȻˣ֪ͨһ£˵ϻġ
ǣҵ֮˹ڵϣĽż⣬Ȼ뿪
ȼƶȼΪɭϣҪɭϵĶ࣬ǶиԹ̶ĵ̣һֺ̻֮ԲܹȡǿҪȥҪȥʾֻͨǲܹ롣
ǿӵһȨǾǸ߸ϵĹ壬˶ƶ
һƶȣõعõķԴΪǿߡ
һжҶС粻֪ģ֪Щ֮Ѿжϳǵء
˿һּϸĶǽ˿ֲ䣬ɲעĿĻء
Ƕһв˽ˣǿҲע⣬ǶΪǴ֩³˿
ҶСԾһࡣ
ֱֱһǧľ룬ҶС˺ܶȺǿǳؼɣЩǵΧȦʣһΪԤޣΪ˾Ⱥ䣬ǵĵ̡
ô£ڲؾȻôϸ񣿡ǰһҶСͣľΪһ壬ԶһȺ䣬ȺܴΪߵĵ񾳳ڡ
֮ѲӣƣƺһӬŹ֮
ʲôˣѵȺгʲô飿ҶСü뵽񾳵֮ˣҶС֪Ѿ̤ĵΧڣܱߣҲΧ
ʱһ̸ҶСע⡣
Ҳ֪ʲô飬Ȼôֳ֮˱Թ˵
Ͳ֪˰ɣղ˵˽壬ƺǺҲ֪ʲôĿģȻҪܵѲӣһץסˣǾйˡ
ﶼ֪жûˣڴˡ
Щ̸֮۵


2169 ϻĵ
ѵϻģЩ˵ĻҶС
ӦòᡣҶСҡҡͷͻȻ䣬Ժƺһ⣬ѵѵǷҡ
ӦǰɣЩ춯Ƿ˽룬Ȼ±ȥҶСת۾ͨˣϧˣԷǴЩ˿ϷǱ˽
֮˻˼緢˴ڡ
ҪˣҪȻôܵķߣͲܹȥҶСͬʱɢһεĲһɲûռκεı仯˭ûз֡
ЩǣһƺЩͣͷ·һ㡣
ҶСһӳߣ˫ĿĹâųֱӴһ֮˫ĿУԷһм䶼չԺС
ʱҶС¶˻Ȼ֮ɫȻѸٴǵķһӽ
ҶСոʧЩƬطŻ˹ƺûиоʲôһ㣬š
һЩΪеǿ߻ΪԼĴ
ѾԶȥҶССĽǰеһʱͣһþΪһ壬û˷֡
ʱӰҶСֶǶǺѲߵСӡ
ϻֺ򣬼ΪܣЩѲСӣһЩֲӣЩҶСӸղԺе֪ġ
û뵽˵ķ£ǳֵƬ֡ҶС룬мζЩƵĶ
ЩСٱ¶ҿԺеõһЩϢҪȻǰзѾˡ
ڴвʲôҲ°ĺۼ
Ƭ̺ҶСǰУԼһʮӵʱҶСͣǰһ⣬һߴ¥¥񾳳ڵǿ߿أĿϬ糤ӥܣƺֻҪ΢һ˿˿ĶǶ֪
ҶСһþϣɢ¥ڲһƬΧǼ׵ľ¥
ϻĵ֮Щ˵ЩҲϸʱĶ
Ժеļ֪ǻÿ궼омǰĤЩν飬ͻǵսΪǿ
Ҫ֪ĶҪȥˣҲ֪ǸļһͻƵ˷ǿûСҶС
ϻĽͷʢ񣬿˵Ǻճ
ʱڣǺܳԵúܵ͵ڲȣȻܹϰ񣬵Ǻܸߡ
ֱ񾳺ͻ𣬴ܵЩͬһ콾һЩһֶκβΪֱ£¾ȻʮǶ಻ʤ
ϻ֮һĵ̶֮ˣǺܶ˿õϻһ
˶ΪѸײڶ֮ͳϻĵʱû뵽չˣҽ齻ʮ
Դ˺±ûʲôÿղԴȵȡ
ȻԴ˺ϻƽʵϣкֶܶڰͶ񣬻һЩչضĵ̡
ɷϵǵȵͻΪۺ󣬱Ȼ£ɨϻģʱ򣬺ƽԭҲǸв
ʧĴ˵ǱƴʱĽ׶Ρ
۸Ҫʱ䣬ĮͻΪǿҪʱ䣬ϻͻΪʱ䣬޾ˣȻҲڵȴʲôҶСԼΪҪʱ䡣
Щ˱ڻ۲ʱ̣ڹǿصĹΨһơ
ҶС翴˿ƬȺȻ󳹵׵գǱ롣
ƬȺ䣬ΪǲΧЩ˿вĹ˿ߣֻҪУȻЩϸߵĲ
ֻܹߵ棬ҪҶС֪һЩСء
һľ룬ҶСʮӣŽƬȺ䡣
ҶСҪŪ״ֻܹУҪѰһ
ɢһƬªľ¥ҶСԺг֣ڣԼҪҵĿ꣬һոͻƵڵ𣬴ʱһľʷдſڻӦò͡
ҶС簵бӣȻһ˺գľڣͬʱ䣬ӡÿռ֮䣬ȶ
˽ˣͿκζߡ
ҶС˺ѿռ˲䣬¥ϣһ񾳳ڵƺʲôһ㣬ϸĲ鿴һʲôûз֣ŷ


2170 
ҶС仯ӣһһڰв鿴ļ䡣
ļУҶС֪ΪСС¸ƣǻ۵Ĵڡ
ͳ˵Сܶ࣬ЩƺҲͻƵ۸ֵơ
֮ϻҲ˽Ĺؼʱڡ
ڵƬȺһСͳ죬֮ԺУҶС֪˶ǲƺ²
ϻڲìأڲìܣҪȫϣ»Ҫһʱ䡣
ֵļ鿴ҶС罫ݻ٣Ϊޣû˿Ķ
һҶС绺Ȼҡڵ˳ȥſڵĶҶСûпһ˿˿
ҶС߳ݺֱһ俴ܾ޴˵ȽϾɵķǰƬȺУһסĵطҲͳƬȺ졣
췿ſҲػš
𣿡ҶСһʵ
ڣ˵
ͨһ죬˵ҪҶС˵
ǡ˵һȻĳķʽ򷿼ڵ촫Ϣ
֨
֮󣬷Ŵ򿪣˼ǻӭҶС룬ҶСֱ˽ȥȻر˷š
߽䣬һʮƽ׵ĴľʵذźƤһСڴλãܵľǽϹ˱ɫƺװƷ
˵ڣҶССǰĵȴţ˶ʮӵʱ䣬Ŵڻ߳
ӷĲϰߣһЩҪȻͲĲá
Ҳͬ泯ſڣĴ֮һ㶼泯ſڹʾ˵ĵλݡ
ҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ˲佫䶼ͬʱ
ʱͲʲô״Ϊ̸ʲôޱҪ飬Ҳûдš
ҶСֱⷽռϵһöɵ·ĴҶСбųֱӽڣꡣ
ʱŷӦ˹
㡭˭첢ɵѾ֪ǰ֮ˣҲϤǸ֮ˣΪԷûôǿֶΡ
ѵȺҪȺˣ
ҰɣһϵһΪ֣ͳ˷ҶСͳ˿˿ƻ
㡢˭Ҫ֪˭һŭӶҶС硣
ҪУһ㣬ôУ˶ҶСЦ˵Ȼ֪󺰴еͼϧǻۺҶСܶࡣ
˭ҪҪ볼ҪȻһһжһͳķ߳ϻģһѡɣҶС絭˵
ҶСĻֳĬƺ˼ԼҪҪ
ҶСĵĵȴţӺȻûʲô
ҶСЦһ˵ӵʱѾ㹻ˣȻ㲻ѡôҰɣ
˵ţҶС߶öģʱ䣬һʴǡʹڳ֡
ĬĬĳţ¶һ˿ļ֮ɫƺڳЦҶСôһʹʲôܹŹȥ
ҶС絭һЦû˵ʲô֪ʹ࣬ԽԽʹ֣һɲġ
ʱĽʧƬȺϵĳ֮ɫѾʧʹ࣬ͷϴŴŵĺ䣬ֱ
ʱܣȻһӲһûзκεӺ촽ѾҧѪ
ɱҡɱҡͻȻ䣬ʹĴһȻ˵
ƺʱ˵õĽѣҲõĽ
£µղһѡҶС絭˵
ѡ񳼷ѡ񳼷仰ǴмģƺʹĲ㶼˵˻
֪ˣֺαǿжԿأΪЩ˶ôļֻоܹһݲк󣬲Ż˵ҶС΢΢һ̾˵Ȼٴ߶öĵˡ
ʱѵ˵ϣڴڵĴƺԹĿҶС磬·һСϱ
þãָ˹Ŀ⸴ӵĿҶСʵҪЩʲô
ʲôҪߵϢҪʱ֪ͨҡҶС絭˵
áѾ˼ҿƣȻ˵ͷ
ƵһöطģͨöģԺԶͨšҶС絥лûжñ۳һöȻ˹ȥ
һ֮ɫĽ
Ҫ۹⿴ңԺٲĺôҶС˵漴ó˼ƿҩҺ졣
ˣЩҩҺľͻܿ
¶һĨϲɫֱӸҶСһм


2171 ޼ɵ
ϻȻҩḻһȱ㣬ǲҩҺֻķʽֱӽҩɣ˷ҩ˵Чôá
ҩҺϻϡ֮ޱȣҶСҩҺǷĵĸм
ˣҪˣһ̰ɣôõġҶС˵
ҶС糷ȥǹȻһ˳ȥſһڣȻǵְ
ԽҶС˳ȥЩ˻ΪҶСִĳȥˣҲڸҶСնɱ֮˵ʵ
ϻһУĿѾﵽ˽һϻĵȻֻҪûܹͳһϻģֻҪû˳ΪۣôʱڣϻĶʲôĶ
ƽԭЩ壬һȺС󣬻ĳλѾϻĵΣĿת˺ƽԭȡһƬطһ·
ȻⲻҶСһЩĲ²⣬ԭڻûŪ
ԭĻЩ̴ˣ࣬һʮֵ⣬ںƽԭٳһƬľͽ»⵽ֵĹɱ
ʱ򣬹˼أ⵽׷ɱŪ״ڻȥʱ򣬾Ͳô˼ˡ
ֱӼֱӺֱ򱱷жȥһ·𼶱ĸ֣ȫסˡ
ַļΪϸоģе֮ǷǿҲ޿κΣǽƵĸնɱ
ҶСΪȻѾ֣ĸǰɱҶС硣
綼ӵ棬˽ϻģϧܶȺȥ鿴ƨûз֣ϻ֮룬Ȼ뵽Ǹַߡ
ַ߾ʹ룬ôǾĶˣһȥ磬Ҳûйʡ
һҪǸַץס̵ĳͷҪȻиϻġ
Ǹ˾ǳʹס
˵Ǹַߵʵﵽ𼶱𡣡
ϻвԵֶжһ··Сӣ׷ҶС
ҿˣȻһ࣬һҪץסͻȻ䣬һϻ
һʮ˵֮˷ҶСټʱҶСеѰЩҩѾϻģȻֶܹأҪЩʲô
һ·ϣ˺ܶĲҩܶҩûеģʱ򣬲뱩¶ټûвժ˼ɡ
ݡ
ʮ֮ˣһ˷֮ɫƺѾҶСеӣҶСѾ֮ǵˡ
ɶ࣬ǽǸϵϻģڻҽϻģǲˡ
һᣬ־ܰɣ
Щ֮˶ݺݵصҶС˵
ҶС·ûǵĻһ㣬ȻԹ˲ɼЩҩ
࣬˵ûУҶС粻ǣһ֮˴ŭ
ˣӦʧȥҪȻôû˵һ㡣
Ӧɥʧһˡ
һЩ֮˸͵ҶСĿУƺЩ
žžž
񾳳ɫޱȣƣÿ֮صһơ
ˣǡ
Ǿǡ
Щ֮һίĿ
һȺ׳գʧȥݿ𵴣Ҳܹ֪˵ʲôǸⲻǡɫܲÿ˵⡣
ɶ񡣡
ƻࡣ
ϡ
仰Щ֮˷ŭˣһҶС˹ȥϱµƣΧЩľ̲ȫѹ˷ĩ
ǵĹҶСǰ׵ʱҶСŤͷƳһۣȳһ֣
һֵӣռ𶯲ֹǧ
ۡ
ʮһӵ˳ȥѪڻѣ궼ɢ
顪
ü󣬺ܶľײϣƬػָʮ֮ȫҶСһ
ûʮ֮˵ĸţѰŲҩһҩѰϣ뿪һƬط
ҶС뿪һӣϰ֮˾£˹Щ֮УвڵǿߣΪĶʼĸ֡
ǿʮ֮˺ɫһ䡣
ѾʧˣӦղźȳһǵȫɢ
ϸĲ鿴һЩ֮˵ʬһڵ𼶱һ˵
ʲôһǵȫɢ
̫ˣǸǿĽɫˡ
ʵѾ񾳺ڵ𼶱ˣǻȽ±ˣڵϻѰʲôһʱ̼䣬ߣһмҪ֣һֱȥڵ𼶱ֹϵ˵
ǣˡЩ֮˶Ͻɢȥֹȷ


2172 Բ
֮˵ľٶҶСûᣬԹŲժЩҩ
ûз۸֣Ͳ£Щж£аߣȻǶԷѪδ֮²óпܽΧɱ
ЩѾЩ񼶸֣ЩŭһྐྵȻܵĵ¾ǲﰡ
ץסҪץסҪȻźδ棿
һЩ񼶱޷׷׳ˣǰѰҶСټ뽫ҶСΪһԴԾ಻ϻĵ̡
ϧҶСһ·űУֻǲժһЩΪĲҩĲҩûжٶȼ졣
Щ񼶱ǰʱҶСѾټˡ
Уһط񼶸־ۼһ𣬻кö𼶱ĸ֡
ǿŵϱժҩĺۼһɫǳѿǲû뿪ƺڵȴʲô
Լʮʱһʼĸֽ٣Ǵϻĵı߶ƺǲ鿴ҶСټ
ôʲôһ񼶱ĸѯʵ
ˣǸѾ뿪ˣԽɽһʼĸָ⹧˵
⻰񼶱ĸɫâΧһεϢڣܶ˶˿ˣƺܲǹɿµơ
Ȼˣһ𼶱ѣȻϻĵ˲Ǹһ˵ɱ죬ԼԼ䣬ƺкܶ޶ϴ
ϻƣܹôˡһ񼶱˵
һ취һЩǿ߹ȥնɱһ֣Ҹ̵ĳͷһ棬ǽཻ͵նɱǿ߰ɣһкɭɭ
⻰񼶱ĸֶĬˣŹâƺ˼¡
ôѵʲô⣿ղ񼶱ĸĿһɨʵ
ûôпľ޴ͻìܱô죿ǿ󣬿µʱԿǡһ񼶱ĸϸһ£ʵ
ࣿȻǿ󣬵ǵ˽̫ˣͲԸǣնɱһЩ֣͵Цأȴ˺ܳʱ䣬ǵıˡ񼶱ĸЦһ˵
˵ĻȷʵԣԣֻҪ棬ͲǽȫնЩҲܣǵĹͷв˵ʱǲŻĽɣ
ͨ˵һЩûؼ̫ᣬ̫ʵˣĶ˺󣬾ľˣʱļѪѾʧˣֻʣľ˽ǰ档
岻ͬȻ֮λ׼ͳϻģʱǾԻͬһģᡣ
ŵʱǱ߶ȻһϷҪݣ˵壬ὫƸϻĵˣŵĻſɣ񼶱ĸ˵ƺѾ͸Ը
ãȻ˰գһԣķӦûʲôǹķӦԡ
Ҳͬ⡣
񼶱ĸֶͬǸ顣
ʱѾԽɽҶС˿֪Ѿ˱׼
ԽɽҶСһ·ŶϷУѾ˺ƽԭϲѪҲǺԶѪǿһʶʶνѪǡ
Ѫǣߴޱȣ״һֻѪޣ쳣
վڳ⣬ܹоһɹŨҵѪ֮ɢƺѪǾһѪء
ѪʮľҶСͣվգҶСҰУѪǻΪһֻǳµޣ¾ųڵߡ
ϸʱĳǳأ⵽˾޴ѣȻһ˵ΰ°ҶС̾
һһӱѪǳſǧ׵ĵط۲죬ѪǳǽɫΪѪɫ䣬˸Ž⣬ƺǳصǽ壬񾳸ֵѪҺݡ
ǽϣ˰̺ۣ߰߰ЩطѾ̮ˣֱΪ޲ˣЩҶС綼ܹĳ
ǽ׳ΰĴűϣ񾳳ڸվѲӣƺǳأд˽롣
߽ѪУҶСƾɵĽϣǺںɫ·ϸһΣ֮⣬ƺԩ
ҶС֪Щ־ϸʱֲд־ǲı


2173 ׷
ѪǣϸߣѪĵĵط͸¶һѪȣǿʵ֮
ϢѪҺȣϢ˶־ƺѪУԶôһǻѪ
Ϊ޳ǽӽϻĵԵʣΪǸԴĽ׼ֲ࣬ҩʯȵȡ
ڣЩ϶¶һźںɫƺɫʧȥɫʣֻкں죬ѪҺ仯ɣѪҺѾЩУ޷ĥ𣬳ǽ޳Ǵݻ١
ҶСڿĽֵϣˣһ̣Щ˿ʮоɱҲΪ
Щüŭ۵ļһΪ̵ģǾǽǸնɱҲݲǸ˵ʬ壬ֱΪһ̲ࡣ
һ·ߣҶС۷΢΢ɢһʱ䣬Ҳû˸ҶС鷳
ҶС֣ǳضҶСԺУǳӲҶСĲ鿴
ףͷȻˣҶСһ˺ѿռ䣬һӳһԺڡ
ȫϢ˸͸ܲ
ԺڣͷԺڵʯϣֳֺڰӣȻԵõʯĺš
ҶС֣¶һ˿֮ɫƺû뵽ҶСǰ
ͷҶСʵ
Ϊ˺ʫҲͷΪ׷ڷǻָ˹
һͷ׷Ȼ˿˺ܶ࣬ƺ
һشƣûǻšܵһЦ˵ƺԼͲں
ȻˣЩãǰ·һƬʱ˭˭ҶСĿ˵
ף̲סһѧֶһ㣬δݣܾкܲȻ
δǱ仯˵ģһССı仯ܹӰ쵽δ֣ݵҲûʲôáҶСҡҡͷ
˵ˣδ̫ˣֻδȺ۲һõʱį𣬻Ի͵ĹǰѪʹࡣںı仯ͿڿĻ¾ûˡܿɬһЦ
漴Ŀ΢΢һ˵ϲû뵽һ˽Į췭ظ
Ҳ췭ظҸûնɱˡҶСҡͷƺԼûʲôһ㡣
Ҫɱ˲췭ظӰһƵı仯Ҳ췭ظ˵
Ϊ㣬˵ĮѾǷǿˣΪǿߺȻήݣһ̲ƽˮͻ᳹׵Ӱ죬ΪǿƳ٣˵ݵЩǿһʱ򣬽ӻң˸ࡣ
ɣҶСЦЦ
ҾһöʯӣͶƽĺУﲻᰲһƽһн֡һöӣʯ̵һɽ
ǺǣһҰҶСЦЦˣ޾ʲô飬˵޾ǱҲзǿߵġ
ȷʵзǿߣһֹһˣˣйһսˣ³˵⣬˭Ҳ֪ô£޾ǱߵĸңǱ߶ൺ죬кеЩڣƱ߸ӣڼеͳһͬʱܶ񾳺۷ֶڳǿߵľ硣
ҿһǿ߸󣬽ָķǿߣشƵһۣһεĹ̡Ʋ
ҶСţһ˼δı仯
Ʋ㣬Ʋ㣬᲻ͳһƽԭҲƲ㲻ֻܹƲƽԭͳһĪĹϵЦЦĿҶС˵
ǶģĸӶ䣬ǵƲ⣬δ仯һֻܲο档ҶСҡҡͷ
Ȼ֪֪繫ѪΪˣʵ
ûʲô£Ĵ䣬ҲŴϻĻԽһɽ󣬿ﲻԶ޳֮һѪģһȻǳأӦĳСҶСЦЦ
û뵽繫ӾȻϻ
ȥϻĵƣ˵ܶ嶼˺ƽԭһΪϻѾͳһˣû뵽Щ񼶱ĸڱչΪǿߡ
Ӧ뵽ˣعԲδʢֲƽ󣬴ӽķչѾܹжϳһŹâ˵
ҲӦŬˣȡܹΪǿߣҪȻԱ֮ûˣǸǻģΪ
ЦЦƺЦҶС˵ԼǸǻˡ


2174 Բ
ʱ䣬̸һĴƣ˵һ¶δľƵľر仯
һ̸֮˶һ֪꣬ĸо
ʱҶС˺üƬռϿգƺ۲˵ЩʲôȻصչ˶ҶС磬ϾҶСһˣһͳһƽԭ
ôУҶСһɾѪǳѪ޼
ҶСûԼҪ߹ȥûбҪڣЩҶС͵֪úô̸ô̸
̸ʮ־֮ҶС뿪˳ֱӳѪڣһĵط
ҶС翴һЩ壬ЩһЩĲҩһֶƺѪǶ岢ų⣬ΪˣѪǲôɣ
ĳϽƽԭʲôõ飬ǵĵԴָϻҩݡɹĳЩǿ޵Ƥ
ЩǺƽԭҪģȻ׶˾ͻҩҺֱϻģʵǿ
ѪתһʱҶС뿪ˣٲ뿪Щ˾ҪżˣƺҶСѪʲô¶
뿪ѪǺҶСŻϲԵشǳطжȥ
׼һʱ䣬ȻǰԵشǱ߾ݽһЩƽԭĸ֣ҪȥǱߣҪ
ϻǱѾˣʱڲʲôı仯һ࣬ҲΪӣ˵ͻЩԺƽԭͼȻ롣
ԵشЩΪߵĲ񾳳ڣһʲô飬Ҳûѹסϱٻڡ
һ·ϲԵشУһ߹۲ѪΧڵЩǳص
˼ǳغҶСͻȻ䷢ЩǳضЩţƺʲôһ㡣
ٵһǳڣȻǳز󣬲ȴǷ¥ꡢ֮ȵӦоС
ҶСѡһҾ¥ҪһЩƵ⡢ɹһЩˮȻһƷһž¥Щߵ̸ۡ
ء
һƵͻȻھ¥𣬶ʱ䣬̸۵˶ͣһķ
Щ̫ɶˣȻնɱʮ֣ЩֲǱǿģǱĥġ
ǵ֮һ¥У˶˵Ļ
ܿ죬¥еķԱ͸Ͻ˹ȥȰ˵ӣ˵˵
ڷԱȰ˵£ȷʵʱ¥еЩֿʼ
̫ˣʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ̫ˣǽĵնɱ࣬ȻЩҵʬ˳ǽϣǶƣϸ裬һҪЩɶնɱ
ϻĺͺƽԭ֮䣬ֻһɽبû޽ʲô۹أҪȻϸƽˣȻܹЩȫնɱǽĵ̡
ǵĿƺǿ߽ϻնɱǺ֣ܶǵıǻ˻˵ǿ߲ԶվĻǻһֱɱȥ
ЩҶСʱˣЩ֮Ҳټְ취Ҫ߳
ߣҪְ취ұƳĻ̫ûˮƽˡҶС
˽ЩҶС߳¥ȻϲԵȥ
ϲԵڣУ̳˲֪ıʲôһ֮ɫ
ҶС콵䣬һӳǰ
ҶС֣Ůƺûһ⣬ֻǵƳһҶС磬ǵĻ⡣
ʲôҶСһľЦʵ
ҶСһۣû˵һ仰̳ġ
˵ӺҶС¶һ˿ЦЦЩΡ
һŽĿͶҶС磬ʵϻĵİɣѾìܣһΰ󡯵˰
Ҳ֪Ļǳǡ
Ҳǣǲնɱ˼˶ѣСˣһ˼ɱӺһѵ̤ϻġҶСЦЦ˵
ѾˣҪǸվնɱǿߡһ˫ĿЦ⡣
ܶ˶Ǹ࣬Ǹ߳Ҳ֪ĸĸܡ
ߣЩ˾ֻͬ鷳бȥ壬ЩȫնɱҶСЦһ˵
ˣʦûк˵ʲôɣҶСʡ


2175 
ҶСĻ΢΢һȻҶС˵ʦʱ㱨
㵽ԵףҶС絭һЦ˵
Եף¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ֪ܲ˼
ǳң˵ʲôں̻ǳѾ֪ҶСһЩ˼ǶղȻףȴû˵
οҲֳҰģ֮˻գҲʲô
ģҽƽʱһһʦƺЩŵʵ
ģ⻹ǼٵġҶС˵
ʱ䲻ʲôȾİһʱ䣬ڻв㣬䷢չ
ǱߵļƻѾˣҪ
в򱱷Ϸʱ򣬽򶼻ϵЩǿ߽ҶС綼¡
ǺãʡΪѡ˵
㻹治ҶСЦ˵
һԵ̳һһӣһֹĿ⿴ˣƺ֮ʲôһ㣬˼Ϊڡ
̸۰ɣһεʱ䣬ˣҴϻǱҵҩŰɣҶСһͷָеЩҩȫ˳ȥ
ЩĲҩһأɲǼ䣬ӿһҩϢӿƺһƬ֮ء
ڣ̹תܰҡҷвŨ쳣Ũ̺˵عƺֻҪ֮µĸֽһΪǡ
Щҩ¾ö֮ͽعҶƬڡ
ôҩ̳Ůɴ۾ȵ׼ѯҶСʲôʱҶСѾʧˡ
治֪ϻĵ˹ٵط̳˵
ߣֲϻЩʹȻϧնɱôǿߣԭˣɼôҩ֮˲ŭǹ¡˵
ãŮϽЩҩȫռ׼ȫƳɲҩȻЩΪ
񾳣ЩҩҺȵȶʧȥЧرĶ֮
뿪ҶС˳µУŸлЩĲϣ׼һȫɡ
Ʊʱ򣬻һֹ̣ƵʱҪõع򣬻жȵȶֶãһϤع˵Ḷ́Լһѧ¯Ϊһ塣
ʵΪǿߵĿԡ
ҶСƱʱϻ֣ÿһ춼նɱһǿߣЩǿ߶Ǳץס󣬷ϳΪȻݲжģǵʬ͹ߵĳǽϡ
ÿһʱ䣬ǽ϶һʬ壬Ϊ̵ǵЩ˵ʬѾˣ·һľѪȫʧֻʣƤͷ
ǿҵķ죬ܶǿߣȥϻģ׼֮֮նɱ֮ˣϧЩνֽϻĺҲûгǳϻеķϡ
ǿǼЩû߳󣬱ʶЩһѪˣҲزˡ
֮˻ôĲȻĵնɱ֣ǰϻֶûлع󣬺ܶǳУִһǻѪ׼ǰϻĵĸҲûˣ¥Уϣ˵˶˺ܶࡣ
ȻһЩֻ˵жȴûбֳʲô
֮նɱֳһµʱڷŭˣǵķŭǶ֮ˣǶҶС硣
ܶ˶ϻŭˣ˵ʲôǸһҪվҪȻཫиȥ
Ҳкܶ˵Ǹ˱߳еѾΡ
֮˶עתƵǸϻ֡
֮⣬ڴ˵Ǹϻģŭ̫ûнڲˣϻķһȻЩʹתӸࡣ
Щ˶ԷѰǸϻĵˣ˭û뵽Ǹϻĵ˱ҶС磬ʱƸ
ҶС統Ȼ֪£Ҳû뵽ЩྐྵȻֵز򲻹ϻ壬׼Լ˳
̳Ȼ֪ǰһʱڣǸܾûᣬûʲô˼˵ǵģŮͲں
Щ˵Ļ̫ˣЩԼ˵ˣĴ̳ŮʱŭˣȻһЩ˷ۡ
бǽеĻϻ巢йԼ˷йʲôˡ
òϻ壿
ѵ֮˵߹
ŮĶӰȽϴģԴ˺󣬺̸ˡ
Ȼ֮ŭǿߣЩٴ׼жնɱߵʱǿ߽Щ֮ȫնɱ²ŵΪֹˡ


2176 Ҫͳһ
ʱһȥвҶС֮µЩ˵ж֮ͳһ
ǳصԴѾ׼ĲˣҶС֮ǰİ֮¿ʼǣǳؽķǳߴΰȻԵشǰǳҪ޴Ķ࣬ڵĽȵҲḴӺܶ࣬ϵ󷨵Ĳá
Ȼв㽨ǳص˺ֵܶĲ鿴޳ǵˣǷ׷׳һЩ̽ӣȥ鿴ǵĿġʲô˵ȵϢ
޳ǵ⣬лĵЩӽǳصĵػȵȷ棬ͲѲµóĳǳطǳ󣬷ǳ׳ۣЩȻв
Ȼ޳ǵˣҶС磬ЩǳضҶСİ޽ģϾǰǳѾˣڵвҶС绹Щ޽ĻҲܹס
̽ӽͷֲʲôƺЩ޽ǳصʲôֻ֪֪
һЩ̽ӣΪƣǸͲ鲻ʲôֻ֪ǳвܶ޽ģǵĸ˭ĻһУûв
вĶûĵĺܶϾвǳصĽͻǱ߷ԴӵļУܶ۷ĸͻƵ񾳺ڡ
϶вкܶǰ鿴ҲЩֹһУǵԵشǳصʱ
޳ǵûʲôЩĸֶǰʩѹ޽ҽ޽ȫ
вЩֶҶСǵĺϻ󷨣ʮڸĻԺһ񾳺ڸԿ
вѾͳһˣеܹЩ޷ֹ
Ȼֹǳصв򽻽紦һЩǶ붼Ϊ˲뿴Դ£Ǳߡ
ǳĽɹˣʣеԴйȥ½紦Щǳе˾ͻʧ٣ЩǳصƿǲԸ⿴ġ
ֻĴ˵Щӵ񾳺۷ֵǻϾͲע˵вҲƶ֮أοҲ࣬񾳺۷ֵĻǻע
˵һжĽУЩûа취ֹ
ı仯ЩһЩƺҲĿͶ˺ƽԭһЩһЩʵǿһ
Щ˼Ѿѳߴ۸ƣǲͷչԼΨŭ˵Щ۸֣ǵһҹ֮ȫʧݡ
û֪Щ۸ƵǲһЩԾ۸ֵߵ飬ҪȻʱ޷ˡ
ƱҶС˿֪һС
תۼҶСƽԭѾ˰ʱ䣬ҶСǽȫˣʵһЩ
ıԼòʣвѾɹĳǳڡ
İǳϵһֺͻԵشǳӦĸо
İǳ˰Դ󣬶вǳ
ʱȱһ󣬻һԪ󣬵Ľǳغٽϸʱĳǳ΢޸£ܹһ󷨣ʱ򶼻ҶСƿ֮С
ʱˣܶ˶½½ǰƽԭкܶ඼һЩſܣǲкƽԭĸ֣ݡ޾ȸصĸ֡
ƽԭҲ˺ܶ࣬ɱ˵龭
ĸǰҲƽԭ˺ܶԴһõһ档
ԵشвѾͳһˣҶСֽĿͶԵʵܹɫĿסЩ񾳺ڸ֣˶֮עתƵЩ񾳺ڸߵڸϡ
ȻַĿǰֻв򽻽紦ЩʾЩڸֶҶСˡ
׼ڲ߽ЩӣȵΪ󣬶ԸЩ񾳺ڸ֣Щ񾳺ڸڵܹܿı
Щ񾳺۷ǿڵҶСûжֻǿһЩΪСˣΪС˺ӣжӷ㡣
˵ĿǰҶСѾ˻֮͵Ϊˡ
ΪԶԸЩͨ񾳺ڸ֣ȻҲܹЩ񾳺۷ĸֶԿսʤ˶Էοնɱ
ҶСѾ֪ĵѡȥһĵطǸĵطܹٵΪʲôԭû֪εѡսҶСȤҲϣʵͻƵ񾳺۷ϣ


2177 
򱱷ԵһһŮ߽Ϊ޴ĳǳأһһŮֹܹ죬쳣ȴǷޣ׶εŮ
ǰһʱ˵˺üǳأû֪˭ֱʣһȻˣǳصĹģִĳ̶ѾǼڵĳǳءӿΧĽӣ̾
磬ѪζôôأŮɰС˵ɫ䣬һЩܲ⡣
ﲻѿá
ղ·϶Ѿ˵ˣǳؽʱǧ֣ЩֵѪⶼǳˣҪˣǳѾˣĳǳƾޱȣЩϡǽϡ϶ǸѪġЦЦ
ôࣿǻǾһʱɣھѡʱ䡣ŮƺҲǳܹԸɾһ㣬׼ǳгס
ףⲻҵĺõܵܺͺǵΪûͻƣһ۷֣һ񾳳ڸ֣ǵΪѵͲ±նɱڻβݣ˵һСľͻᱻɱΪ磬һȰǴȥɣͻȻ䣬һָĿһŮ
ĿƺһŮĸ磬ƺʲôìһ㡣
һɫгۡӣģģҲһλӣһΪѾ񾳳ڣ߻񾳳ڵĸֿӦѡ
Ѿͻ񾳣ɫг۵ӣɫһʵƺҪ֤ʵһĲ²⡣
ûܲɣһǰͻƵģ׼ǰμѡȻ׼ͻưɣҷȰǻǻȥɣҪȻѡо̫ϧˡɫг۵һΪԷǵӣ˫Ŀŵĺ⣬һ˿˿ϷŰıܹΪ롣
Ȫ˵һͻᱻնɱǳУ㻹ǴȥɣŮĹĵ˵ƺһ˿ķŭ
ǺǣڻԵشΪѾϸˣᱻնɱΪ磬ٷȰһ䣬ǸҵĻܹסҪȻ뿪ɣ𣿡ΪȪӣҲɫг۵˵Ȼ˫Ŀ΢΢ţˣƺڵȴ
붼룬ҾԲһѡͻ񾳡һᶨ˵
֪Ȫ˼ͶΪһˣûֱӾܾ
仰ȪһĨɱ⣬ܵܵ˶ûпϧ˵ȻˣǱ߰ɣ
װһεӿΧѣ˫һ̯Ȼ뿪
磬Ȫʵ̫ɶˣȻôǡŮӺߵ˵ͬʱӶСȭ
ССʵ˵ҲʵڵΪЩͣǿܹնɱڻܹǱߣҪȻǸ˿Ҳ˳ۣͻᱻնɱҿ²μѡ˺ܶ࣬Щ˵ʵҲǿޱȣȥĻΣءüͷ˵¶һ˿֮ɫ
磬ҪǾͲҪȥˣҲ뿴Ÿ¡ŮһĿЩ΢죬ƺֻںİȫʲô鶼ںҲںǷܹͻơ
ССʲô飬綼ܹӱܣһˣ֪ǰ·ҲҪȥ˵
ƺЩʧ΢΢һ̾˵˵Ϊ˻ǷҶֵܣֱӶնɱǷҵնɱȻһ·;лնɱô׷ɱĸ֣Ȼ֪նɱĸ֮˻ʲôȻնɱˣΪ飬Ҳ֪ڻô
ԷҶֵܵĴºΪӦܹڻˮ˫Ŀƺһ˿Ľ
һ˵ҶӳΪССŮӣĹʣƺǻζ˼ЩɬԱζһֵֺĸо
Ҷֵܵ飬ҿһִţΪԼĿ꣬ˣжնɱԼȻȥΪܹͻƵ񾳣·ȥӵĿǼᶨˡ
磬ѵû취Ҳ뿴ŸȥССдŵ֮ɫʵ
ҡҡͷ漴Цһ£Ѿôʱˣһûͻƣ߹ô·ȥûʲôΣһֱڰ״̬ԭһֱûͻưɣһҾܹͻˡ


2178 ҶС
̫ΣˣҲ뿴ܵ˺ССһ֮ɫ˵
ڻѡǵԸһ˼λþͻὫնɱһĿɬ
ССĬƺ˵ʵ
ףڻȻܹŮֵǽ޸ˡͻȻ䣬һ˲洫
ǿȥֻгˣдĹâССѾССв͡
ªˣӺССɫͬʱһ䣬Է˵Ϊ񾳳ڣΪ۷壬Ͳ˵Ķ֣ڶԷҪòȻҪ΢΢ǰһᵲССǰڵס˵ߡ
ߺȣ׼ΪСŮͷʵоͲҪǿӢۡһŹâ˵
ãȻҪһ֮ɫ˵ϵƵ佫ССУƺЩ˺Լá
ãǲǵĴ˸ˣֻҪ㽫÷׸ǣǱ֤ܹ򱱷Եشˮһª˵ϻŵЦݣƺӽԼ÷׸쾭飬Բܾ
ϧ黹ǳϡ
ֻҪڣ˺áһᶨ˵˫ĿбųĹâþһУԲܹ˺
⻰ѿɫѿϿµʵϺˣϯء
ССϵӣûƿһȻǿµ£ѾѪ
Щ飬ΧЩȫûпЩֻǵƳһۣ뿪鷢̫ˣѾֲˣЩ˿Ѿˣûеɱˡ
ߣһ˸磬ǿ㣬֪ôþǵˣ߲ͬͬ⡣һϵƸǱ˳һӽӻССֱƳ˶ʮ֮Զ
񾳳ڸֵ£һ۷ĸ֣ͷˣһˣǵѪǲϵһ̼䣬඼Щѡ
򱱷Եشڣ֮ϣҶСһ˾վƺ֮ϵߣѲƬء
ڻϲ˺ܳһʱҶСͻص˻򱱷Եشֹʲô˽ƽԭڲĸ֡
ͻȻ䣬ҶС¶һĨɻ֮ɫ漴¶һ˿΢ЦƺڻĳЩ飬ζĳУһַĵС
ȻϵЦ˫ĿкһΪӣ˲䣬Ӱʧˣƺûгֹһ㡣
򱱷ԵشĳǳڲһĽֵϣªȻʩѹƺҪĥһ㡣
ҧһԣĬĬĳţСС·ʧȥ˵жһ㣬Ҫ˵Щʲôնû˵
ªӼƺҪĥ
ߣʶȤһ㣬ͲôʹˡһªЦһ˵
ªӣͬʱ׼ӳֵʱͻȻ䣬һǿޱȵƴ
һ콵ٶµ壬в־֮С
һǿ֮£òªޱȵ˶ãΧÿռȫˡ
һĻ˺ܶߵע⣬ǲע⵽ǵģһƶ̫ǿˣЩ˱֣ЩҪɢǹǿƵ˭ӣǾ֪ʲô˲ܹˡ
ʱӺСС¶һ˿Ŀ⣬ƺҪǹɢǿƵǡ
ҶСӰͻأⷽأ˫ĿɨòªһۣһӴһ¶˿־֮ɫ
Ҷ㣿ѾָжһһŮʮ־ȵĿҶС磬СС𾪵˵
ûһһŮǺҶС統ˮһˮСС
ңû뵽ǾȻƽԭˣǲΪѡ飿ҶСһӱ˳
ȻˮΪŵ۷壬ҶСҲ֪ˮҪȥμҵļѡʣΪѡ׼ٵΪ
ϧã񾳳ڸֶˡ
ҲһѾˮɬһЦ˵ҶСĿЩмЩĽ
һ˵ҶС˵ͷȻĿͶªˣʵô


2179 õ
ҶС·Ǻһ쳹Ƭؼ䣬Բһڣ˶ж졣
ªǿ־֮ɫͷ亹ֱ
ΪһɫŮӣֵ˾Ϳһڸˣû뵽ǿҪɹ֮ʱȻɱһµƺͱǾҪԸЩϵ
ǿɬһ˿ƣƺǵ̫ˣһŮӣȻк̨ԭǻȷڵ˰ء
λˣʵǱǸǲ֪ʶˣ֪ĻԲʲôаУһ˸Ͻ˵
ֵزҪֻܹˣϾ
ĹӦף˶Ǵ⣬ûʲô󣬶նɱҲûʲô󡣡ҶСһɨ˵
ҶСĻ˶ͷϸ亹ֱлֲ̿
ˣֻһʱͿһĿ⿴ҶС磬ƺҪҶСһҪж
ãͲɱˣɣҶС絭˵һӣ˲䣬ʧҲ֪ҶС紫
ҶСֶΣܶ¶˼ɵ֮ɫһľηƺҶСһ±㽫Լûˡ
û뵽ǾȻԵҵĸϣҾסĵطǾ԰ȫҶС翴ˮСС˵
Ǿ鷳ҶֵˡˮҶСͶȥ˸мĿ⣬ʱѾˣҸطúһ£ȻҶСѾ룬ҲûбҪˣǱͷͬ⡣
ֽˣο֪ȥʲôطΪ׼ȷ˵ǵˡ
ҶСĴ£һǳصĳſڣ˿ҶСֱ߽ȥǶɵۣǿѹе𾪣ҶС˽ȥ
ӭǰסĵطܶ࣬ǿѡ߽һ޴ԺҶСָһµŵķ˵
㡢ǳصĳССƺĿҶС磬һĿ𾪣Щ죬û뵽ҶСôá
ҲǰɣҶСǫЦЦ˵Ƚȥɣ
ҶСָָΪߴһ¥˵
ҶСĴ£ˮСС߽¥Ĵڡ
߽һĽ֮ɫĴ
ڵĲúйɣһУƺһۣܹϵĹ˵Ϊڲ֪
֮⣬ĵſ޵ƤëƤëУܹܵ˿µſ࣬޵ĹǼܴһӡ
ʵ̫ˣ¶ǹ֮£嶼ᱻѹ塣
ҶСΪǶһЩˮɹЩ̺ŨһЩƬΪΪ档
ȻҶС磬ЩѾûʲôЧˣֻһֵʳǶССˮкܴİ
һھˮССžСϳһĨ죬ȥΪˡ
һϵĨŻʧΪ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷ㱻׷ɱ󣬾һֱڻ򣿡ССʵ
ǰɣأôطȻѡпܻΪǣΣ̫ˣǵΪʵ̫ˣβμѡĻ񾳺ڸߺ󡣡ҶС翴ˮʵ
Ҳûа취İ취ѡһμʱ䲻ԶˣںܶطߣϧȻûͻƣֻôһ취ˡˮɬһЦ˵
˶٣˵˵ͨһεѡһͻƵ񾳣Ǹʱ˳Ϊһμʸ񡣡
ΪɻľļʱԽļԽͻƣ⣬ʲôǸƣȫûбҪʲôȨʲô֮λʼǸƣǧҪЩͷҪȻһĳɾͱޡҶСȰ˵
ʵҲʲôҲûа취İ취һȪǳΪ˼º׵ˣܵǵİٰѣ֪ǵΪˣǴĴȵˮɬһЦ˵лЩΡ
ҶС˵ͷղҲһЩˮ˸ϼλõҰģ˳һ£֪ԭ
룬ҶС˵ȻǾһʱɣȵѡʼʱһȥҲμѡΡ
ҶСĻˮ΢΢һ㶣Ȼм˵лл
ûʲô֮ͶѣȰĵʱҽиǡҶС翴˵


2180 ѡҪʼ
ҶСİ£ССˮס˳쿪ʼˮŬССһСβһҶС磬ƺҪҶСھʲôһ㡣
Сβ͵ĴڣҶС鶼ðϣʲô飬ֱӽ٣Ҫ˵Ļ˵Щ
ССҶСڳڣͲҪҶСȥߣҶСʵ̫ˣûʱ
ʵ󲻹ҶС񾳳ڸй䣬ȻССȻЩ⣬Ҳ֪ҶСæûҪʲô
СС츳ˮ֮ϣϧ̫ϲҪȻΪܹٵ
ʱţǰƽԭĸԽԽ࣬вһЩһĸ֣ߴĸ֡
Ƕ뽫ԼƽԭܹΪƽԭƽԭͳһӣǵͻ
ֵĳ֣ǻˣҶСڵǳУÿ춼кܶ
ܶһΪ˴˵жԵģ׽⣬ɱ֡ΧȵֶζãҶԷڻص㡣
һʱ䣬·ˣ˽ìܵĵط
һʱҶС罫Ҫ˹棬Եв㣬еͳһҲ֮Ϥһ£ҪȻ˴˲ʶһԼ˴ԼˣǾͲÿˡ
ҶС磬ҪٽһѣҪ򣬶ʱҪͻƺˣԼķ˹ϡ
ʧӵԼԺҪ
ƺûнĿ·У·磬ǲ磬ûзϣʧصģشﲩ涫κ˶һͳϧ̫ˡ
һʧźܿдĿͶ·硣
ô˵·һ磬ǲʧ磬ҲһЩõĶϾȸСҲⰡ
ڣҲһЩĿ鵽·磬һͱҶСնɱˡ
ΪҶСնɱãֻҪǱҶСնɱЩ˵û˶
֪ǲ׶ֵġ
е˶ĿͶ˺ƽԭѡУܶ˶֪ƽԭźܶܣߴǿ߶˽ⲻЩܡ
ƽԭ޳ǷҪһѡ󣬼˶֪˺ƽԭʲôѾ¶˿
ܶ˶һǸܣԼΪ
ܶǰƽԭӵһܹΪܣǸܾʲôû֪
ߴǿ߽ٺƽԭҲûдʵʲôܡ
˵ںƽԭǷǿҲκβˣƺƽԭϵһ塣
Ȼܶ鶼ǵʱģģû֪
ʵ붼֪ƽԭ϶ʲôܹԸǿߵİ취ҪȻͶЩǿնɱǿΪ¡
һʱ䣬ҶС罫ԵشвȫǻһЩҲбҶСƿء
Щǿ죬ҶСûпƣЩʵǿ󣬾ҶСҲܹһоͽЩ˽ܹնɱЩ˵ע⣬Ͳˡ
ʱȥˣѡҪˡ
ںƽԭڵĸѾ۵һֲֵʱ޳һ֪ͨһӴƽԭ
ʮѡʽҪμѡǰģѡҪڻľС
һ֪ͨһ߶ǰ˻ģڻԵشвشЩ߶ʧشĸһ˺ܶࡣ
ƺ컹Ƿʢڶޱȡ
Ȼǿ߷ӵ˻ĵشĺǻңΪ޴Ļҡ
ÿ춼мʮЩǱɱЩǱɱ˶ᱦЩǱɱ
·ʱĻĴʧеڰΪΪңΪĵط
ÿѪҺɽϣµս
ΧۿЩս˺ܶ࣬ܶʱ򣬻ˣƺЩ˶Ψ²ң·ֻѪҺķɽĵܹ̼˵񾭣ܹ˸оϵá
ںܶѾˣǲݽ棬㲻˲䣬ʱԳնɱ
ûƵĹ򡢽ȫķȣһ罫һƬѪȣһƬҡ


2181 ڶ
򱱷Եش޴ĳǳУڣҶСԼķ˳
ʱ䣬ҲǳʱˣѾʱˣŵϹȥǸѡҪˡ
Ҷôߣ涼ѾĴѡ顣߳Լס¥ССʹ˹ƺЩ΢΢Ĳ
ôʱΪҶСԸԭ򣬾һʱദССҲٺҶСˣҶС統һ硣
ҶСŤͷȥֻСС΢΢վԺڣ֪ŴӺԶĵط
ҶС绹ΪССǸĹѾͷû뵽ǸѾͷڳڸʹסϲתƺ磬ǿҵĿ
ھߣȥһɣҶСЦЦ˵
ҮڿȥˡСС˵˵ȻߺŲ֪Сһһ뿪ˮڵԺȥ
һʱҶСֻڻԵй䣬в򣬶ԴˣȻССЩ⣬ǺҶСĻ֪ҶСҲΪá
ԼӵʱˮССǰʱˮϵϢƺĳֽľƽ˲١
˸һּΪȵĸоƺһӳ˺ܶࡣ
ϵϢѾԲ񲻹ȱһЩĥžһĥΪͻͻơҶСһˮ˵
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ҶСס˳ҶСһʱ䣬ЩҶС磬ҶС磬ͲôĽ
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ҶСεĹâȫɲǼ䣬ʧƬأƺѾԶѭա
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ܶ˵ΪѾ̶񾳳ڣҪͻƶˣ˲Żμѡ뿴ѡεʲô֮
̫ˣҶСֻôվ˾¥̨ȽϽһ¥¥ϡ
ʵϣܶ˶վΧߴվڸߴܹ¥̨Ǳ߷飬ǺѹѹȺ赲ߣѿֻܹ
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Χڹ¥̨Χĸмʮ򣬶񾳸־в˶񾳡񾳵ĸֻ֣񾳵ĸֶࡣ
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¶ûѵͣðž޴ķգ΢עڻҡ
˭Ҳ֪޳ǵѡôһ¡
õģʱҪСĵ㣬Ϊ񾳳ڸֺ󣬾˱ǮҶС簲ο
ͻ̸һ֪һ¹ѡ顣


2182 и
ֻܹˡˮ¶һĨᶨ
Ϊ˶ȡ֮λðգܹѡУʵô˵һεʤ
ʱߡҶС翴һˮ˵
ҲȥʱССҶС½ǣд֮ɫ˵
żͻƵ񾳣ҾʹȥҪȻһΣգҲ㡣ҶС˵
ССſҶС½ǣͣƺЩ̫⣬Ҳ֪ҶСΪ롣
츳֮ϣֻҪܹԻܿͻƵ񾳵ģҪȻһȥʲôط˵᲻ȥҶС翴СС˵
ҶСĻССúеԷģһҪúΪܹҶСȥܶط
ʱͻȻ䣬ɿµϢԶϢϣҶСоϤϢ
һŮɫȹֹţеľ飬ɳǳȾӣ·׵һгûϣĳ֣ǳеѪ֮˲١
Ů̻ǳգ󻹸񾳺ڵĸ֣жʮ۷ĸ֡
һӰɫֳۣȣһӣƺΪĴڣӱǰ׵۳ǳĬ
Ҳ񾳺ںڵǿߡ
ϷϣһƬѪƮƬѪ͸¶һſԵϢϢ˿ΣѪ֮ϣһѪɫɳ۵ĿӾվֶŨüëͬɨ㣬б˶ǰһּΪԵơ
ѪǳѪ޼պգһŭ֮£ǰݣһһ
񾳺ڸָ棬֮⣬мڸ֡
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ҶС磬ƺû˿֮ɫЦЦ˵Կ˳Ϊ˺ܶϧҩɹҪȻһøӲϡ
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ʱҶС˺ܶ˵ĹעǶҶСݣƺҶСǺ档
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Ȼû뵽Ѫǵ˹ϵ
Щ˿ҶСĿЩʣƺҶСܹѪǵ˿еõʲôһ㡣
Ҳ׼μѡܿҶС˵
ȻԼʵĻᣬμӰײμӡҶСЦЦ˵
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ҶСĻͬʱ΢΢üƺŸôҶС⡣
㲻ȥμ˵㻹ܹΪǵĳҪˡҶС޼ɵЦ˵
ͱЦˣӻҲμ𣿿һȥͻᱻնɱܿɬһЦ˵Ȼ󲻿ɲĿһѪ޼Ѫ޼ʲôûбʾŰġ
ʱͻȻҶСЦЦı鿴ƺڿϷһ㣬ǰһҶСߵ˵ֻԺ˵ЩҪȻǳˣҿɾҪˡ
ģҲǿЦǳᵱģȻ㲻ȥμӣô鷳һС飬иøʶʶݣҴˣҪȥμѡûʱչϣܹտһ¡ҶС罫ߵСС˹˵
һΪʲôأ°İɣڣһ˵ġܱ֤
ллܸ硣ҶС£ССɵĽһЦݣԵʮò
ССôɣܽССһ硣


2183 ͨ
ССиܺҶСû˵ĿͶ޳ǵĳƺҪϿЩʲôĮ·˼ƮԶűʲô顣
ô£ѡڻʼ𣿡
治֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򡣡
еĺòѾȴʮʱ䣬Ҳһʱ
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ΧۼЩߣ׷ܶ϶¶˽֮ɫһĨΣȻҲһƺѡӰ첻ǵľΪµģǵĲΪҡϱ֪ԺߵĸԶ
ȴģʱʱţܶ¶˲ͷ֮ɫƺѾʧȥġ
ȻЩľõˣȻĿ񣬷·ûʲôܹľҡҶС綼ɵΪ֮̾
ѡϵһһˣֱΪֱֻӵǶΪƽԭ
־޴ջܶ˶Ѿʧȥƽģƽ̩ɽľˣ־ᶨˣ½ߵĸԶ
˶ȴļΪͷʱ޳ǵĳڶˣϱǿޱȵơ
ͬʱƶΣ˳վ¥̨Χ룬£ÿһ˶ĿͶˣл˷ܣƺ֪ѡҪˡ
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Χʮ׵ķΧڣռ䲻ϲһƬ򳡳֣ΧĿռعۣ֯ȻγһƬء
ϸȥĻͻᷢݻغһ𣬺Ȼƽԭĵòͼ
ƺʩչǿͨⷽضԻΧ
ЩóصӰ죬ϳױ˷۸ֲŻӵеʵ·Ͷ֮䣬컻أƱãûܹǵĶ֡
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ʱ˫ĿжĳޱȵķģЩĹޱȡ
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Ȼ䣬˭Ҳû뵽֮ϽͶһǿҵĹһ׵Ľ¥̨ûؼֻʣôһ·ʲôˡ
ʱǡʮʱƺʱؼǿ
ûղ޳ǵĸ־ǵȴһ̣ȴʱ֣þ֮ϣΪáΪȡΪǿ̫֮١
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һ޴𣬷·ĳͨһ㣬¥̨ķǳ¡
ʱʮ޳ǵĳֹͣеĶϵƻָ糣ƺղϱǿһƾͬΡ
ʱŴӾ֮Ͻµǵʹʧ
䣬¥̨ϵĹâʧԹ¥̨ǽϣһֱԼΪ׵Уƺͨһ硣
һֹӵƴǾ޴İɫз
ʲôѵͨ·Ǹͨ
϶εѡйء
֪ͨһʲô硣
¥̨ϳֵУΧܶ߷׷һЩ˴ƺҪС
ǲ֪ͨǸ磬ҲΪղ޳ǳƣֱˣһ޳ǵĳţ޳ǵĳлҪ˵
Ȼ޳ǵĳΧߣͬʱ˵ɫͨһռͨǸռϸʱʱĸֵַģǽ䵱ɱ¾֮ء
ǸռУռеķΪأֻҪնɱ˶ԷôԷʮ֮һľжعĸ򶼻ڣΪߡ
仰һΧиһȻ˶û뵽Ȼôõ飬ֻҪնɱ˶ԷԷʮ֮ΪͻΪԼģǶôµ鰡ֱ
ǳȵĶ޳ǵĳƺҪǸϽ˵Ļ˵꣬ǺýУնɱ֣ԼΪ


2184 
޳ǳ˵ĻҶСûаĸˣַΪпᣬֻҪǽеˣûвΪġ
ַעνǸռ󣬾Ӳпᡣ
ռ䣬Ѿûпˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôεѡУѡβǿΪĸߵͣǸռеֱ֡
ǸռǱʹڵĿռ䣬ϸʱǿֵϲúѾعԶڽųһȻڹ¥̨ϡ
μѡĸλߣǲûǿǽ룬ûаĹϵ
ڿʼƽԭѡڿʼλ
޳Ƭռǵƺǰ飬ͬһֹƻ˶Уμѡ
ǵĻո£һӼžиֶ޴İɫУȴû˵һУƺղ޳ǵĳ˵һסǡ
Σأһȥܶ˶ôģû˸ҿǸͷ㿴ңҿ㣬ȻһԾԾԵӣǻǱһǣǿѹԼĵֳ嶯
޳ǵĳĿһУû˵κλһ²ؼӡ
ӵʱ䣬׵۳ǳĬĿһɨ˵ܹͨάһСʱʱ䣬Ҫȥľ͸ϽȥɣҪȻʱ䵽˿ɱûǡ
⻰һжйâ
Ƚȥһ񾳳ڸ˵˵ĿзɽһɫС
ҵڶֽûзʲô飬һ񾳸˵һз˽ȥ
ƺΪ˰˲䣬˶зӵȥٶȼ죬·һ㡣
һӰƳգУٶ̫ˡ
˿̣ؼ䣬ֻʣವ
ҶСûȶĿЩĸ֣ЩУʧĸ֣źƽԭڸĸ֣ҶС綼˺öϤĸ֣ЩֶǱƺĸ֡
ȻĮЩɮҲ˽徲Ϊ˼ྶͥ˵ˣһȺӵĺ˶ѣƽ֮Ľ壬ǰȴһЩޱ飬νӼ߰ߣܶ񾳺ڵĸֶ֪֪ס
ʱ˰СʱֶУҶСһ£жʮ֣ⲻʧһֶѡ
СʱʱڣԽԽˣΧЩּȫУһЩǴԶֱӷ롣
ɫͨѾСˣ㻹ȥ𣿡ǰɫͨѾСԭһСܽĿͶҶСʵ
ڽȥҲ٣ͽˡҶСЦ˵
ģֻҪڣûܹ˺ܱ֤
ҶС˵ͷ˿ССȻˮС
ӽһСʱʱ䣬ɫͨԽԽСĸҲ٣ýȥ綼ȥˣʣµ˲ΪģһЩȥðյġ
һСʱ󣬹¥̨΢΢ζһ£ɫͨ˲ʧˡָ糣Ψһĸıߡ
ͨѾرգǵĴóӺӣʮеϣƷζɹ;ˮעŹ¥̨
ΧҲкܶڹۿߣƺҪӹ¥̨ϿЩʲô
ôֽȥҲ֪ж˻̻ǳգͻȻ䣬˵УƺЩ˸С
ܻж˻֮һǰ;ˣߵԶˣǸռǳʤ̭ûǱΪ͵ıǱġΪĲܹ׵۳ǳĬ˵ƺѾ͸һС
˵Ļܶ˶ΪЩμѡѻ˶ġ
ûй೤ʱ󣬹¥̨ͻȻ˸һĹâϣԡ
ֳֺ漴̻һ㣬ԼĹâȫţȻɢΪ˵âʹʧ
ղôˣ
ʲô飬¥̨ôһ˵֣ʧˣ
ΧΧ۵˿һĻж¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫǶĿͶ޳ǵĳƺһ֪Щʲô
ǸѾˣղŹ¥̨ϳµʽɢ󣬶ʾЩѾˣ¥̨ϵûʧô˵ţһĺܾʡ׵۳ǳĬ˵
仰Χ˶ƺ뿴Լ˻ѵֳϺȻɢ
ССһֽץסԼ½ǣ¶֮ɫаǧҪָͷҶ֡


2185 
ʱССһ˵ĽţΧܶ˶ĽţûʱԸ⿴ǵ˻ѳ˹¥̨ϡ
˵ҶСˮǰɫͨһɾ޴֮㽫֣ͬʱǿĿռ֮ơ
£ȵȶܹãͬʱҪӦΧŨĿռ֮һʱ䣬æҡ
ȵҶСоΧĿռ֮ǿ֮ʧһƬĲԭϣƬԭһ޼ʣïʢı̲ݾȻһ˸ߣܹС
ƬĲԭϳЩïܵı̲⣬ǵżïܵĴ
ͻȻ䣬ҶСɫ΢΢һ䣬Χⷽؼ䣬ƺһ⣬û˴ڣҲ˵ˮڽͨĹоͱֿˡ
ҲһɣƬռУȫɢ˿漴Ĵ͵磬ֻܹԼˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ˮΪߣռУͲռκƣȻЩģˮĳʲô⣬ûа취СС
¡
ͻأ䣬һƬէȫûκεףҶСĶڶ΢΢𵴣ƺǵڻص
ߣ˵֡һҶСԺһĮ飬·࣬ǻһ
ҶҶС
߷ҶڵλƬռߣףˡǵûа˿ٴҶСԺ
֮󣬱ûκζҶС֪ǿͨĳЩعֻҪ˽Уͻᴥһع
ʩչǿ֮ͨ˱ϾǷǿУֵĸ֡
Ƭռߣռ俴ܴܴ󡣡ҶС
ƬռеعȷʵʧеĲͬǲͬĺԶعҲͬ
Ƭռ䣬ѹܴ󣬲ƺȫ˵ҶСҲܹնˡ
նУҪԼƬռУԼռһ֣ܹնУƬռУƺƬռ롣
һͽһͰˮУôŬܹ룬ʵķӡ
֮⣬ҶС绹عУ̺һְĹƺֻҪǸعΪƬصһ֡
عһ㡣
໡
ͻȻ䣬һǺԶһƺ˺أⷽУ˶ܹһ㡣
ôһҶСɢϧҲܵ˼ƣҲֻܹ鿴ԲʮڵĶ
ΧڣûʲôڣɢķǰУһϰɵľ룬ٶȼ죬ƬԭϻУ˲һ㡣
ҶСǰһʱ֣Χڣʮֲ·ĸ֣ϰֻ޴һްΧ
Щ޿һģһȴǴܶ࣬׸ߣëɫͷϻһǣΪ졣
Щ޵ϢΪʮУ񾳳ڸ֣˶񾳸֡
ЩȻ캿Уٻͬһ㡣
ǱϽЩնɱҪȻǽͬٻ˹Ǳɡһ񾳳ڸһ֮ɫ˵
ǣЩǣǶԸˡһǵ˵
Ը˶ҪԸѾûбѡֻܹɱһѪ·
ãôˣǴϱͻΧֻҪܹ߳ԭǾͻᰲȻ
ɱ
ɱ
Щַ׷ϱȥϿµ۳˸ָгг乭
ǵĹǿ󣬹ȻĴع
ԶҶС翴ЩֳֵһĻ΢΢üͷ
ǲʧˣѵﱾһȺࣿҶС
Щ˺ΧĿռںһУ䣬ҲΧعӦʣǴһʼռ䣬ҪȻҲռĶߡ
عĲͬЩ˵ĹʽҲͬƬռеعʧعƺĳЩȻҲ˺ܶණ
ΪǵĹܹ죬ͬһУʧЩǿߣȻҶСԾġ
ۡ
ͻȻ䣬һֻǱǺնɱˣһֻǵʬֱӻΪΪعһֵعһ󲿷ɢؼ䣬һֻΪʮɽЩڡ
ϴһ˿˿ܣϵϢһ㡣
ҶСˣ֮նɱ໹ޣԷعһֽԷڣΪ


2186 
ʮֱĹΪ£ЩǵʵȻЩ֣ʤ࣬ʱҲһơ
ǽЩ˰Χնɱһֻǣƺ̼ڵҰԣײеԣǱŨŨ֮ɫٶȸǼӿ˼֡
ս˶ʮӺʮֻǱʮնɱˣȻηĹʮ֣ƺʮֵĿ¹Ƹ²ǡ
УȥᱻЩɱǵ̫ˣһʱ̼䣬³岻ΧȦһ񾳳ڸʮĵ˵ǽ
ʱϵԽǾԽ
Ҫһ취ǡһָ͵
ʮǵģƺ³ĳֱһ㡣

ͻȻ䣬Զһһ󴵹Ƭԭһ㣬һɫƬԭдУЩâȥķʮ
ԶҶСչĿһֻֻʮ˵ĵطȥٶȼ죬ЩҶĦ
Щ·Ǵħһ㣬ľֺͲǹģЩһٶͷ
䣬ҶС绹оƺԶǰһǺƺٻԶͬ顣
ʱʮȻҲˣǵɫ쳣ѿ
ãЩԮˣǱϽͻΧȻҪȻǽ¾Ҫˡһ񾳸ɫ˵
Ѿˣ㿴ǣѾŰΧڸǶǽвֱӹһ񾳳ڸε˵
ȻܹԸЩǣǵ̫ˣٶȺܿ죬µķѺܶһһЩǵİΧȦ
һĹ࣬Щ˾Ҫȫˡ
ô죿Ҫһ취ǣԴУǾһ˵
һ񾳸ֳ˼Ƭ˵񣬶˵ֻһ취ˣȷźţƬԭϵĸֶϹЩֻҪֵܹ֧ԮǾоˡ
ǡʱƬԭûĸ֣һ˵ĵʵ
ֵزֻܶһˣ񾳸˵ͬʱһöֵľ֣öľա
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öڸ߿ͻȻ䱬ѣһҫ۵Ĳɫâһɫâᴩأ¾ǧ֮˶ܹ
ִѶʽҶС粻ЩдΪͨĴϢķʽǻĹŴķһ㡣
ʱϰͷѾˣĹâضűΧסʮ֣ƺֻҪܹᣬǱòɵȥ
ԮΧֻܶѾȥƺͲη壬÷צӣǼ˺ҧʮ֡
һҵսʮֳ׵·磬Щ˺ܶ࣬ʮУ񾳳ڸ⣬ĸֶѾˡ
ʱǵ֧Ԯûеܶж¶һ˿ľ֮ɫ
ܶ˶ˣҶСûжñЩǰ˫ֻӶ䣬һɹǿγɣЩʮֵȫӵһߡ
ҶС绹Щ˿е֪ռ飬ЩϵʣֶصĹʽһӾܹЩ˸ͲʧˣǴСˡ
Ͻ뿪ҶСЩ˴һ
ҶСͬ٣ȺǵİΧдһͨЩ˾бŷһ˿ϣĹâƴڵȫҶС򿪵ͨɱ˳ȥ
ǳȥͷҲصľϱߵķȥ뿪֮ҶСŶȺͷųԼǿƣǣһӾСһſ˵ϣҶСĿǾ֮ɫƺû뵽ҶСʵȻô¡
ɨһȺǣҶСת뿪׷˸ղȺˡ
ҶС粻Ⱥǰ¶ԼʵԷֹʲôıʷһĻԣΪ˷ֹЩĿĲ
ղҶС֮ԻѡЩ˶Ҫնɱ£ЩˣΪЩرмϾˣױų⡣
ؼʱȣЩ˿϶Ҫ˼Щ⣬ҶСҲ˵ȽΡ
ǵĿ֪һЩ顣
ʮǱ˵Ұţһ㣬ϱܣΨֱЩ׷ϣٴΰΧǸӡ̫ˡ


2187 ͻ
ǰʮַӴܵӣҶСһЦѵЩѾ׷ˣͣˡ
ҶС˹ȥЩͬʱŤͷ˿ȷʵûǵټҲûǵϢŷٶȣȻͣ
ʮͣڲݵϣĺȻָԼڵơ
ʮʱ䣬һ񾳸˹ĿͶҶС磬¶һĨɻ漴ϴЦݵʵлȣҪǶҪɥǵļצ֮¡
֮ͶѡҶСЦ˵
Ϊ̨ˣôƺռЩų⣿񾳳ڸɻĿҶС˵
ռ䣬ռǰǸռͲͬȷʵһֱųĸоϧҪ뿪Ͳ֪ô뿪ҶСװһ˵
ҶСĻ񾳳ڸһĨɫҶС˵ռ䶼֪жûˣ̨ȻѾ磬ôͰĵľסֻҪռһʱ䣬Ͳˡ
ɣҶСЦЦ
֪νֻ̨һˣкܶˣ񾳳ڸּʵƺ⼫ΪȤһ㡣
Ҳ̫ȷӦû˰ɣҶС粢û˵мʮ˽ռ䣬ռиֵĿֻš
ˣɷΪҽһռе
ռУҲûʲôΪǿıǴѾͳι粻֪ж꣬ڴΧһЩСĹңЩҸ޷ʹء
ȼǳɭϣڸλ˿նɱЩûκιְƽ񣬿նɱЩǹְͺܶˡƽȴնɱκ߹ְˣƽЩ߹ְ˳ͻ𷣵ƽȻ׷ԭɡ
񾳳ڸΪҶСռеֵȵȡ
ҶСһʲôĿռ䡣
ռУȨϣȨһУľóòūѹȷ⽨˼룬ֱȻĹŴ⽨ʱЩӲпᡣ
˵ǽȼƶķǳϸ˿Խ֮ҪȻͻ⵽Ͽĳͷ
ҶС벻ͨȻܹ꣬벻ס
˵ƽܸúܶɣѵûƽֲƽĶԴҶСɻʵ
ƽΪʲôҪ֮ĪеһжǾģЩƽ˾ϽĵطӵӵзȵȣЩǾĶͣǸмģǾǾҪΪˣ񾳳ڸһ֮ɫĶҶС磬ƺҶСô˵ƽ񷴿顣
ҶСռежôķ⽨жôѹˣǸ潫µԼģƽС
˼Ѭ£Щƽûзʶγɡ
ѵûƽ񷴿ƶ𣿡ҶСЩŵʵ
κʱκʱһߣ˼ŵߣǵʶȽϿҲ˽ܶණЩ˶ȻƶȺܲ⡣
ййǸͷ˻Ҫ֪ƽжСڶ࣬һСӣܹЩնɱ񾳳ڸֺܲм˵ƺҲһ㿴Щƽ˼
˿̣ҶС˹Ϊ¹ţȻþô
ΪǴӸϽ˼룬ʶӵеĶǾģģͻһھм˼룬ƺıʲôҪ
οռڵԴȫ¢ϣЩԴһ֣ЩֵĴڣЩƽٴҲҷѣһѣͻ⵽ΪѪȵѹ
ԭˡҶС˵ͷ
񾳳ڸһ˶˫ĿѾָ˺ܶ࣬Ϊƻ϶Ѿָˡ
ǶҶС˵һ¸мĻʾҶСȵĸл
ǵѾָĲˣڿԱˣֻҪһֱϣͿ߳Ƭԭ뵽ǴĵˡղҶСĵ񾳳ڸΪҶС͡
ǵĴ£ҶСҲϱжȥ
һ˸ոձʱ䣬ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫Ŀбų˲õ˼µĹâ仹һĨ
оһ񾳸ΪϬĹƺҪˡ


2188 Ե
һͻһҶСľ
˿ֵ̣Ĳ񾳳ڸ֣ǿҲͬʱҶС繥
ϬĹҪҶСأĩ
ǵľٶһҶСǿҷŭԼղһΣʱ򣬳ȣû뵽ȺĹΣȻ͵Ϯ
ҶСΪûжһƣµһع˳ȥŷ˿Զռΰ
ҶСһ֣رɫһʮ¶˿־֮ɫһĨĻ⣬ƺԼô
䡪
ǿ񾳳ڸϣ־ǻҩͰһ㣬һӾըˡ
屬ѣΪ˴عЩعһ󲿷ɢգһСֱԶ뵽ҶСڡ
ҶСоһԼƺҪԼϧǹ롣
ǹֻòϵĶ壬ǲعƺҪӿҶСͥסӤϧǲعոյӤǰһήˣƺסһ㣬һţƯӤǰ
ڵҶСһӱĹʱһɹ˵ɹ
Ĵɣڹ̫ң½ɾޣҲܹ񾳺ڣڳΪǿߣҲҪ롣
ôɵһնȥС
ζƬ̳ڵ͹ҶС˫Ŀ˫ĿɨĿʣǾ֣ʵΪʲôҪ͵Ϯң
ֱҶСǿѹȵĹ˵ϣһ˿ˣʲô뷨ҲֻܹУжϸͲܡ
ǣǺܸмǣⲢܹΪǲնɱɣǴй涨֮˽룬һҪնɱԲܹŹʣ񾳸ֶҶС˵¶һĨӣһĨޡ
ǹɺƺڶ֮˵ĺ⣬ֻҶС硣
ΪλĹ涨ҶСɻʵ
ǰһ֮˽٣ռУɱ¾ɱ˺ܶǿߣǴҲֱҺЩ뿪ˣҪȻ˶ᱻȫնɱ񾳳ڸֽĶҶС˵к죬ƺεĴսһ㡣
㾭ǴεսҶСʵ
ȻۿǴ䱻Щ֮ɱһգЩճõСӶŹҪǸʱҵƤ˴ѵĵطҲᱻЩ֮նɱ
ҶСĬѾֻܹˡ
ǰƽԭͽһ֪ͨҪѡǺǿߴ˷ǶҪΪ
ʮֽ뵽磬֪Ĺ󣬱նɱߣһʱռаҰѪɺӣɱ¾ûһ
䱻ɱһգǳسһճǣõĴܵ˻ԵĴ
Щַʧ磬ռеĸֶᱻɱһա
ʱȥˣռѾָյķǶڵЩ֮ˣ£һ֮ˣг˷ŭǿҵĺ⡣
ʷѸģ֮˵ΪǾ֣Ƿŭһ֮ˣǱɵնɱǵľˡ
ҶСѾԤϵνռеЩ֣󣬶Զɱ¾֮С
ƽѾõռ䣬Ҫܵһνѵġ
Ȼ£Ҳк֮ܶ˱նɱǸղЩ˶ԸһЩ񾳡񾳸һռеˣ⵽ǿҵĹ
Щ֮ڲŹΪ͵ϮǶҶСʵֻܲ͵Ϯʤ㡣
ѾҪɱ㣬ǴûˣЩ֮˶һУһǻ⵽ͷģڣǽ񾳳ڸֶҶС˵һӡ
Щǲ֮ɫƺַŭޣǸͲ
ֳȷʵûа취⣬νռеĸмʮţռҪһνˣεĽѿ±κʱ򣬶ҪҡҶСĿɨĿһۡ
ǰع򻹲ͨͨҲûд򿪣ʧڣЩߵΪʮޣأÿʵʮǿ󣬺εɱ¾Ӳпᡣ


2189 Ͷ
ƳһǣҶСʧƺѾԶȥ
ҶС֮ԷŹЩˣΪоЩ˵˺ڵĺһģһڵʧĸֽ١
ĳԶԶȺľϾĶ࣬ٺûֵĹ򣬲նɱ˺Щ˵Ĺһֽնɱڡ
Ĺ򣬾ɱ¾ҵԴȪΪֹĴڣеһߺ󣬾񽫶ԷնɱõԷĹڵ
ɱǣһ۷ĸ֣ҶСȥ¶ɻ֮ɫƺ벻ͨҶСΪβնɱǡ
Ϊ̫ˣǼ˸ûбԷ񾳳ڸ˼һ˵¶ӵĹâ
ΪҶС֮ˣҲҶС綯֣ϾҶСǣҶС֣Ƕɥǵצ֮¡
ղ˵мʮ֮˽١ͻȻ䣬һ˵
˶Ĭ֮ɫ
ӦˣռҪܵ޴вˣҲ֪νٵĸУּĸж٣Ļ´ĴҪֱˡ񾳸ǳ֮ɫ
ִ黹ֲģֻҪػסǵĳǵ˾ˣôЩݵԽԽ޼ɵˣһ㶼²˵ĿѡеȨôѾЩϲ֮УЩһеȨ󡣡
ȨҰģЩһ˷ѵƣ֣֮˵δһᣬ֮ܶռٵΣܶ࣬ǰʱ򣬾Ȩ߶ȼУԸЩ֮ˣɢĲ룬ΣӣһΪֻڵĸַ
ƺžƿıȽ͸
ֵĻҲĲѣڴ˵ν⻼ǿֲ֮ˣǼϳģѹ
˵ЩʲôãѾˣǻȽϢȥɣȺΪޱȵļһͷȥɣȻӣԷֹЩ֮նɱһ˵
˶˵ͷ漴УϷɱȥ
ʱҶСȻããԭϣ紵һΣããһ㣬һ޹ĸо
ôˣɣվһïʢ̲ϵҶС絭˵
ҶС绰µʱһɫâïܵĲݴдܳһӳҶСǰ
һֻ񿥸ߴ͵ޣο͸ղЩЩţһֻ޿ƺԻӵмߵǻۡ
ǸղȺǵ죬ҲһɫëŹâݣɢһֲԭơ
ղŴʮ˳ΧҶСһϢҶС绹Ϊֻ׼ԸǼ֣û뵽ߺҲ˹˵Ŀ
࣬ΪǿܷҸ㣿ֻͻȻҶСһ־񲨶˵ԣֻþ񲨶Ҫһ˿
㵹ǴΪҪ棿һߣȴһ׸ҪɵĶࡣҶС絭һЦ˵
ûΪҶС˵׸̲֪ôЩ򽻵
ҿ԰һЩС飬Ҳһ·ϴߡֻľ񲨶ٴδ˹
ҶС粻࿴ۣ˵ɵҶС翴ЩʵޱȣһЩ඼Ҫ
֪ҶСʵǿƺҲܵڵΣˣԥı׼ҶС硣ֻиǿߣŲĿܡ
˿һֻҶС룬ͷðɣòҪʲô˼ҪȻһſȫ񣬲Ҫֿ
ҶС絥лһöģöĿޱȣӨӨԡ
ݡ
ĻΪһâ뵽ڣ޻ںϣֻҪһ䣬ö
һֻʵͦǿģѾھ磬ǻ۲ҶСµľٶҪȻͲܣƾ
ˡ˿ҶСĽһ
ȥϱĳ򡣡ҶСһƮһվǿıϡ
ҶСѾʮ֣쳤Х˼ƺٸȺ֪ͨʲôһ㣬ȻΪһɫϲٷɱ
ҶСվϣжĿΧĶŸղ񾳳ڸֵĹ


2190 ϴ
ããԭһ޼ʣһɫëݣΪµһ㣬û˿Ĺ˼ɣֱֱϱ߱ȥ
ϱĴӪҲǸֵľۼأƽʱʱǲôŵģΨֱַ֣ȻɱҶСڣͲˣٻ
ҶСվıϣȫ˹С
ʱͥڲӤ˫Ŀйâã˫˿߽ǰһŹƣƺڷһŹ˿ߡ
ҶС֪ԼЩնɱ֮Ĺ򣬿ԺΪ˼ƣϾǲԼĶ
ЩԽ࣬ܵƾԽ󣬽ĳɾҲޡ
ҶСҪıǽ˵Ķ׵ıԼģɣǲգԷôЩ
һͲʲôˣȻӣΪΪ˳ڼ䣬׵ķ
ֵܣһȡͻȻ䣬һ˹ƺЩЩ˷ܡ
ҶСֳһ־ע棬˫Ŀֻһα񾳳ڵĸּ׷ƺʲôҪһ㣬·òеѪҺͷҺģǱѡ
ͣ¡ҶС絭˵һ䣬һӴӸٵ˶״̬˾ֹҶСȻȵվûΪͻȻͣ˶Ӧ
ʱ׷
һҶС磬Ȼ˵˵ԵְҸոսռ䣬㵽ȺУòɱһѪ·һӰûУҲ֪ʲôطڿһͬ顣
ԷҲҶСϢŸ˵ҶСͬ顣
ֵܣ֪ռ𣿡ֺʵԵ÷ǳȻ
ãã޼ʵĲԭϣûз򣬿Ӱˣһˣ˻ʧˣ˱С
֪һЩҶС˵ͷ
ֵܣһ·ͬôȫʧȥ˷򣬸Ͳ֪ߣʲôѡҲ֪ǵôġֱԹ
ԡҶС˵ͷȻһʵѵμΪ˳Ϊ
Ϊôõ飬ǳΪܹôƽԭһǱնɱˡʶʶν֮أҲ˳ԼΪû뵽ôһʮֻ񾳳ʵΧҡһƵ˵
һǱնɱģҶСĿ֣һµӡ
¶˵ܣе˶ΪλΪ޳ǳİڲ뿪ˣ֪λǱնɱˣǱǿնɱġ
ƽԭһôеͻһЩƽɢߣҲһֹ޸УȥĻò˶ٸ£ºƽԭ᳹׵𡣺ƽԭ״ʱԸ⿴ģΨնɱǸܹϾһСַ
㲻Ǹһ񾳳ڸ֡ҶСŹâ˵
һܹôڻǳ񾳳ڵĸ֣񾳳ڵҲ׼ҵġ΢΢һ̾˵¶һĨ֮ɫ
ϴҶС˼˺ܾãͻȻէõĹâʵ
ɫ΢΢һȻָ˵ҾϴǱ۸նɱģҿǰ׼һ£Ҳûȥֻһ
˵ţĿͶҶС磬ɻʵôģ
ղ˵ĻоղѾ˵ˣ֪£ǡ֪ˣΪ񾳳ڣΪͲܽӴЩ
οղ˵Ƭԭϸͷֲ巽򣬲֪ǸߣǣղŻһֱϱ߻ǰУٶȲ죬⣬һ۾ܹʧˣ˵˽ռ䣬Ҳռˣղ˵ûмһӰܲ˵⡣
ߣղ˵ϴնɱʱ򣬲֪¶һ˿⣬һ΢΢ĽѣȻЩǲ²⣬˵ϴҲǸ²⣬ҲûжİաҶСϸķһȻЦ˵¶һ˿ƻЦݡ
û뵽ЩУȻ²ô࣬ΪѵǾȻ¶ˣ򵥣򵥡ִҶС磬¶һĨ͡
㲢ûʲô˼ֻǿΪһ·ͬӦðȫһЩֲ˼ЦЦ˵


2191 ΰǽ
ǱһɣҶСЦЦ˵
ֵ˵ͷȻҶСһ·ϱС
һ·ϣҶС֪ӽһƽԭ
ڼʮѡӱһΪﵽ񾳺۷壬ϧֻһܹǿߵľˡ
һôŬҲ̤ȥˣ֪ԼЩĹ򣬲ԼʼղԼģѾɣܹãսҲ޷ôĹΪһ塣
ź
ѡȻܹʵ̫ˣһζնɱˣЩ͹ôҲûϣ̤һˡ
ÿһ߾ΪǿߣǴɳʣж
ȻһЩѾ˳Ϊǿߵͷǿ޼ɵɱ¾ɣˣҲñסģҪȻ»Ϊһֻ֪ɱ¾Ļ
ϴεѡУкܶ˶ħɱɱ̫ˣȫǻеһģɱ͹ѾƲסԼǿˣǵȫɱ¾֮Ⱦ˺ɫ
ռصʧЩħˣ˱ɱɱ˺󣬻ĴЦƺ˵ɱ˲Ϊֵ顣
ûа취ֵΧ£նɱƥΪɱ¾ħˡ
ҶСԤеһȻ˵ǹΪƽԭƵǺܶ࣬Ҫǿ޳ǳС
˵Ǹʱ޳ǳΪѾ񾳺۷ˣ£Ȼûͻƣƺڵȴʲô
ü۸͵ϮֱնɱҺһ֣һ˿Ա棬Ȼ»һ
һѾ֪ѡȱ㣬ˣҶСһǱֽ̬ȥЩع
ʵҶС磬ҲûӤˣնɱЩعںһЩЩȻֱնϣЩعų⡣
ҹ۷ֵҲд֮ˣȻֵܹסֿΪջǲ򵥰νˣܹмܹԼıģּᶨ·ߣûмϣҶСȫëſЩ˿ȫҶСųһ㣬̾ЩҶС硣
ģҪΪ۸֣ҪܹסԸطջ󡣡ҶСޱĽ͡
ӷֵѾʼ߷ǿߵĵ·ˣҿֵΪһļʺܴ󣬵ʱһҪС޳ǵĳǾԲ򵥣ҾͲţѾô꣬ǵΪȻûһ˿Ľѵ
ףȻǲ򵥣ҲܹǰڲġҶСһĨЦ
һ·ģǲݵϵı̲İڲԭʱ򣬶ܹУأŵϥǲλ
ȻƵҲ뻷йأӱ̲ݵĳܹ̾ڿ¾νĴķΧ̫Զˡ
һ·ǰУ򽥽ݵﶼһЩɳӣ紵Ҳûζˣȡ֮Ƿɵĳ
ǰһʱԶƽ϶һߣžĽӽҶСڿʲô
һ糤һĳǽǽʮ֮ߣ·ضֳ롣
Ǵͨԭһϣ˵ǽĳһֱ쾡ͷһӽԭʹֳ롣ҶСЩһ˵ĳǽ͵
ôḶ́һķ˲ٲʱ䡣ҶСĿɨ̾һ˵
˵γǽ㻨ǧʱŽģЧҲǼΪԵģԴӳǽ󣬲ԭЩ޹ʱܹõԤˣԭЩûй̶סһ幥ʱҲܹٵԤ
Դӳǽ󣬱ս¾˺ܶ࣬Щޡһĸǰ赲˳ǽ֮⣬ܹһ
˵ǽԽԽԣԶԶ䣬ҶСѾ˳ǽһսĺۼѾ˺ɫѪ
ǳǽƺ˪ܿµĴݲУȻûе
˳ǽҶС罫ĿͶͨĹͷͷΪߴϰɣֱգ̧ͷˣһּΪΰ׳ĸо·һֻûѹޡ
ԭһߣؿ࣬񾳸ػ飬ǹؿ滹ڸ񾳳ڸҲкܶࡣ
ƺάǲòԭһֻ
ԽһؿڣǾ͵˴˴һҪ͵ñ˿ǵݡǰĹؿڣ˵
ҶС˵ͷͬ⡣


2192 
ͨؿڵʱЩҶСѯ˺ܳһʱ󣬲ŷ˽롣
ЩֻϼѯʣֻҪǴӱԭϽ˶ᱻϸѯʣԷֹһ̽ӡ
ҶСԴ鲢ǺҿڣȻֱյԱȫڴһ³ǳصȵȵǱȽ˽ġ
޴ΰĹؿͨһªر𷱻СͨС
ձΪȽϸߣΪ͵Ķ񾳸֣ÿһƲһ֮ɫɢ
ƺͲͨˣһ֮ͽ
ȷʵһ֮ͽһ¸·ϣǷʲôΪ˶ᱻ䵽߾߾ͱȽң˶һЩ׼ˣΪ˻ȥֻܱȱ˸ݡ
˵ûУɷֵ˸ɵˣϺֵһǸСǰʱǷֻѪҺѪҺɷֵܶ˵ģҲ֪Ǳ˭ɵˡ
ļٵģֵһԵЩֱ棬˭ܹնɱǣ
ֵ˵ΪѾ񾳳۷壬ܹɫնɱǶˣԷҲڵĸ֣񾳺ڸ֡
ãֵһʱ̫ſˣǵĳЩ
һСӣҶС˺̸ܶ˱նɱ顣
໥һۣ˴ƺʲôʶֱӳȻնɱˣΪ
ף񿥵һͷֵܣҶʮƷһȷ黻ȡһͷôǰţͻȻ˳˵Ƿ׷׶ĿͶ˸ҶС̰֮ɫ
Χ¶̰֮ɫƺռҶСֻ
ǵĻҶСɫûб仯ֻüһɫ˱䣬ȻҶС紫
ռĽңǽֵķһγɵӣԷΪƷƷƷȼȼַΪ˶һȡȡȣ˴˶Ӧ۷Ϊ񾳡񾳡񾳡
˷⣬飬ҲһΪƷƷƷƷնɱα񾳸ֺǵһ˿;۵ģƷʥֵ۵ģƷȻֵˡ
ҶСһȻԷղ˶ʮƷһȷļ۸Ҳ˵ӵնɱ˶ʮ񾳺ڸֳĹ
۸ֱ̫ˣΪڣʮƷһȷڿЦҶСȻỻȡ
ʱΧһЩ䶼ʵǱſϷ̬ȿһĻƺڿҶСҪȥôӦ¡
ղųǸ۸һλɫ۵ˣΪ񾳳۷壬󻹸źü񾳸֡
ҶС罫ĿͶˣʮƷ飬ֻҪܹṩޣṩ٣Ҫ١
γԱˡҶСĻΧֶܶЦһ
Ҫᵽˡ
ƽ򳤵Ĺӣ۸˺ܶˣ˲ˡ
˵ҪùˣӣǸûм붼ˣǶӵܲ˽⣬
Χ˵ĻҶС¶һ˿ЦͲνӡ
ҶС˲ʶȤѪɫӿͨûǸ˲ӣھôһȻǷŭ
Сӣֻ£ҹڵϸүҿļͷҪȻ͵űɷɣӶݺݵв
˵أҶС¶ʵ
㻹֪ʲô򳤴ˣ򳤾ģͲòӳĿҶСһ˵һӵĿʱ䣬˵ġ
Ѿ⣬ȽԷеֻŪȻڲ֪ĽԷɵ
ȻҲֻʵǿģǶҶСΪȴ׼ҶС¶񾳺ڵΪһ㶼¡
һӣѾˣļ۸̫ˣοƷķȡҶỻҶС˵ɫ仹һ˿ϷʣƺӸͿۡ
Ȼ˲֪ôǾͱҲˡŭһӣ񾳸ֱҶСȥϣƺҪҶСѹĩ
ΧһЩСŤͷװûпһĻ
ߡҶСһʱ񾳸ըѣѪ罦


2193 ״
񾵸ѣ˷ɽЩѪ⣬Ѫⶼ˾ع
ҫ۵ĽɫâΧںö˿Χһ벿ȫʧһС벿ֻΪһҶС壬ƺҪУ뵽ҶСڵӤС
ʱҶСΧһεĹâǹɹâͱ赲⣬һץһɹâͱץУͬʱѹƬ̼䣬γŷ顣
ʱΧ˺ӲŷӦ˹ÿ¶֮ɫƺû뵽Ϊֻ񾵵ҶС羹ȻôĽնɱ˳ɷ飬һ񾳳۷ֶһܹЩնɱȻ
Щû뵽ҶС羹ȻҶӵĳ֡
ӵĺаԵЩ˶֪ģСУû˸Ҷӳ֣Ҳû˸ҶԸߵˡ
Ȼǰ˾һ治֪ҶСһ㶼ηӣǸͲ֪ӵĿ¡
նɱҵˣӵҶС˵ƺԼЩš
նɱˣôҶСЦһʵ
úúã㾹Ȼնɱӵˣܺãĺܺãҵţ򳤾Ĳ㡣ӶҶСв
ߣߡҶСһȻĿͶ
뿪ûпһۣƺͲӷ
ҶС硢ֻ뿪ķӷŭ˫Ŀ˻һʮǷŭӡ
ȻѾ񾳳۷壬ǸղҶС¶ֶΣ񾳸ֵĸ֣ԲǶ֣ҪĳֵĻΪһöһ֡
û뵽ξȻˡ
ʲô취ղֵһ֪ٶڵĸ֣֣϶ȡ衣
ߺߣӲưոݣǿŰɣӺʱܹһֺġ
Ҿ֪϶档
Χ۷׷ףƺһֿϷ̸̬Щ⣬ÿжЩĶ
ֵܣҿղסˣҪȻºءѾԶҶС˵
ҶС絭˵Ҳǲ鷳ѣǲ鷳鷳ǻ
ѾпĲַŭ¸Ͳôˡ
ˡһЦһʼ˵ĿоֽܹҰˣԲô׷µġ
׼͵£û뵽鷳
ʵνֻҪǾɱҶСǳǿӲ֪ԼʲôԸĮޱȡ
붼Ϊʶ翴̫ɱˡ¼
ҶСĻ΢΢һƺû뵽ҶСɱôء
һ·޻ҶСһطڲԭ񾭽һʱ䣬Ҫ΢Ϣһ¡
ҶС˵ܹΪıͬͬķ飬ߵﶼһģնɱЩ֣֮ģҶС׼ȻЩų⣬۳ɷ顣
˺磬һЩû츳ɾƵˣԴЩ飬ǵΪ
ҶСסС˫ĿŭĻصһΰߴĸۡڣۡСȨƵˣסĵط
򳤣򳤣ΪСӸո̤һܶɫӵԺ䣬㺿ޣһίȥѰҴһ㡣
ӵĻһɫΪסܶɫͼĳ˳
Ķţ·һȡһεĲӣ˸һּλʡ
˳ӵĿˣֱ˵Ľ£ȿ
ӣôˣӣһεı飬ʵ
ı֣ҲţΪӾȹӵ׽ϲˣϧѾˣ֮ǰͽиܲܡ
ˣӵĺܶ飬һֻ۱һֻۡ
򳤣ءһˣ۸ǣ۸ǶҪؼǹ߲ȥѵû뵽ʵǿ󣬾Ȼּ佫񾵸նɱ˷飬򳤣һҪءӿ޵ĸˣǲϵǱ˵Ľӡ
ȥϷĻһܹǸ˹󽱡
ȥϢɣһΪָɫ˵һϸĽüȴ


2194 
򳤣һҪúýѵһǸСӣҪȻ˻Ϊ˭۸ȥ˭֮⣬Ͻ
ˣ֪š¶һ˿Ĳͷ
Էּܹ䣬նɱ񾵸֣ΪȻǿ˵ԷпµԼСΪϵˣ»һһһǣԷˣ˾˲Ԥϵأ˭Ҳ֪Щжǿ
һΪ˶˿µˣܲҲ⵽ϴ
һĻӵĿȻֹᶼˣɫ˵ͱ䣬ֱЩš
ðɣ򳤣ˡЩ̫ˣϽ˵Ȼ˳ȥ
֪Լܹǵ겻ˣԼԺ۸ˣҪ˼أ
뿪¶һ˿֮ɫӣҲ̫˲ʡˣԺܹ̫ҪȻ֪ʲôأ
ҹĻ٣ɫΪڰƺһֻ޴ޱȵƽĻڵסһ㣬ߵܵ˼ƣǹ졣
׻˵ҹɱҹʺڰ͵ʱӰƶתۼ䣬ʧ簵ҹе顣
󣬾ȻҵĹϽΧһٶɱˣǴ󵨡һͻȻ䣬һŭС
˶仰ܶ˯е˶һӾˡ
еҶСһӾ˹˫Ŀжų˲õĹâ
ҶСɢһӾͷһӡһֻͼ۵վһǽϣŭĿ
УһϢӿڽڽߣ˫Ŀһ˿˿΢죬һĨ΢΢˷ܡ
ΧҲվ꣬ǿϵϢҲлѪŨŨ
ʣǳŴ죬նɱеСߣǵ򵽹Ϊ
϶һϢһ֪Ǵʶĸ֡
վǽѾڸˣһϢԨ纣Ϊŵ񾵺ڡ
ҶСһӴӷз˳һϣ˸䣬ͳ񷿸
ʱѾö붼֪˾С򳤣Ҳֻ˵ֻҲֻȨΪǿ
Ϊոȹ˫Ŀɫһ䣬Ͻܷ׼ܡ
ӣɱˣܹ𣿡Цһֿ¸£һɿµĳͷһ㡣
ƬؼˣոմǼз·һؼӴһ㣬ӿյ˵ϡ
䡪
γһֻ޴ƣٶ£ǼһӻΪ촷ۣ񾵸ȫնɱΪһѪЩѪΧĳع𶯣ȻΪ˾һֵع
񾵸ľعһֱӽڡ
˷·ǳԱһ㣬һãϵϢһ˿˿
Ȼ֮ˣѵ֮磿Ҫȥ¶һ˿֮ɫ뿪
û뵽ʧˣΪΪѾˡ΢΢һ̾˵Щ䣬Щ˸У˵һ˽ӡ
һһ뷨Ƕ̫ΪˣΪΪȻһЩ顣ûǸ˲ΪûǸ˲վ۷塣ҶС絭˵
Ϊƺûһĸܡ
Ҳ㣬ֻЩ˸УҲ̫ɵˣնɱˣӦûطһֱɱˣǲǹ¡һЦ˵
һ󣬱㷵ڵĵط
ڶ죬峿ҶСһ¥гԷһ˽
꣬Χж¶һ˿ľηһ˿𾴡
һ㽫ĿͶҶСĿ漴һƺѾ׼ˡ
ҶСǺεȵУһӱˡ
Ǳ׼һΣһ󣬱뿪û뵽꾹Ȼˡ
λֵܣҿ𣿡˹һЦݵĿҶСЦûһ˿ʵģҶСһӾͲˡ
ҶСӻλãô˵ҶС˵ͷ
΢΢һȻӵĸҪһζɹֲɵ߲ˡˮȵȣһʮƺǸθһ㡣
ҶС˶ףԷ϶ʲô顣


2195 ɱһǳ
λֵܣ˼̫ˣӰλ飬λǸϣλҪڹˣƽ̫ˣٷˡһǸĿҶС˵
ǣɻʵѾжϳǰпǸν򳤣Ȼװ˿֪
ԽҲͨ˵򳤡ӵԸҹ߳ģƽΪҶ֪ҿ㣬оȹķϣûдû뵽ȻԸ񡣡Խ΢΢һ̾˵Ȼ¶Ǹ⡣
ԭ򳤰ʧ˹˵Ȼһ֮ɫȻǰ㵭Ȼ˿ν򳤹
ʼգҶС綼û˵һ仰ԽĻ
򳤲Сϵ̧ôҵģôӵΪѾ˺ˣʵڲҡԽһε˵
ˣùһܣ˵ͻǳ鷳˵
ȷʵʵôһʱҶڷ˼Ҳڰй۲ӣıֺҺʧ֪ԼǶĹģǺԺһϼӹܽġԽ˵˴ġ
˵ͷû˵ʲôǿԽ̬ȳϿңŶ˵⼸仰ҪȻô
֪Ϊ̨ʲô֣ɷ棿Խ̬ʮǫ͵ʵ

Ҷ
ҶС˵Լʶʱõֱ֣Ӿ˵
лλֵ棬֪λֵĿǰڴʲôְԽɫʵ
ʹһƶʲôְЦЦ˵
ǺǣλֵʲôҪĻңһᾡȥġԽ˵
˵˶ƶֻ˭Ű˵ʵǿ޿ޣҪ˵ڴûκεĹְͲܣҲĳλȨߵˡ
ͬʱͷȻûнĻһ£һССܹɶ¡
ûжúԽʣȻ뿪ˣҲ֪ҶСǲ̫죬ദҲʱˣҪȻֻᷳ
뿪ҶСŷҲ뿪ǳ׵뿪ӣŴĴɱȥ
һ·ϣǿ˴䷢ͨ棬к֮ܶռ䣬Ǻ֮ˣһ֮ˣͽնɱ
ǸͨдļΪиȾдǰһ֮˼ΪײУնɱߣ㽫ռеնɱһ⡣
ʲôʬʲôѪɺӣֱҵĴﶼˣ˵Ҫ౯ж౯ң˿󣬶Щ֮ˣûмֲսˣͨдĶܹ֪жôҡ
ÿһͨǰ棬кܶΧۣǶһķŭ֮ɫ˶նɱЩ֮ˡ
ЩͨҶС˶¶һ˿֮ɫڽС󣬾ʲô鷳ͨԼϵϢҽԼЩعʱԷӡͿκεĶߡ
ҶСĹ⣬Ҫ֮Ҳ˵عҶСع򲻹΢΢һ¶ѣΪҪĻ֮
ˣ˵ȫϢ˿֮ˡ
ѾһռĶع򶼱Ƚ˽⣬ػһΣҪμεѡȻ׼ڵסԼֶϢĹͨ
ʱǴռЩǰЩֶһܹ֮ˡ
˵ûУ¡Ƴǳһҹ֮һճǣΧ˶ûʲô
˵ǳл۷֡
֪ôһ𣿡
⻹𣿿϶Щʵǿ֮ˣ˵˼ʮ֮ˣЩ˻϶Ǹ֣ҪһǳصȫնɱжҲϰ١ǧ֡
ǲһ˵ռ˸ɵģе˸־֮˽ٵ磬һᣬ׼ˮ㡣
ҶС˾һǳصʱܶ˶¡
ж¶һ˿Ĳ֮ɫƺû뵽Щ˵Ĳ̣Ȼ¾һǳء
ռУһСУмʮ˿ڣлкܶСӣЩ˾Ȼܹµ˺֡
ȻղһҲ˵ķǳã˵˭ġ
һʼǻ֪֮˽ˣǴͨ˶֪ˣ˼ˣð֮ˡ
ȻҲľ֮


2196 
һǳرɱһյ飬˴ϲֵӣϾ̫ˣôһӱնɱԷ̫ˣ鶼Ǵ
ȻϲЩȨҲǺЩرĴʲôʱὫǸնɱˡ
ƶЩȨԻ᲻ܲˡ
̫ˣڲЩƶȣЩȨѾˣܶ飬ֻǵ棬ϵ飬ǲŻȥҪȻ֮֮
Ǹоֻˣɱǳ˵ĸ֮ˣôΣƿ֮ôҲǱڵΣ
ˣһһҪΪģΧܶɭϣһӶӵĸѲߣЩѲߵĸ񾳸
漴ռеһЩʧ̫ˣǱײĸ־ٱȻЩѲߵĸ־˳ڴǰǧСǶ
ӼΪңһΪ˸ʧ֮һѵǲռ޼ɵףһΪ˸ռеˣ֮˲жôµģһᱻնɱЩ˵ɱ⡣
ǰ飬оǴ¼ĸ̫ӡǶЩӰ
ʧ֮˽ٵ֪ͨȥЩŵһʮʮ٣֮ݵޱȿֲռ˺ܴĿֻţ飬ϲЩȨҲ֪
Ȼ˻еֻֿţͼ˶Կ֮ˣǵȻҲ֪Щ֮ˣһһеɱռе˶ᱻɱһա
ЩȨҲ£֮ˡ
Դϴܶʧǿ߶Ѱ˳Щʵǿĸֱնɱ˺ܶռеĸ֣Ȼ֮ززȻҲкܶնɱһָ֣ȻͱסˣȻնɱ
ҶСҲʱʱնɱһЩ֣ĹɣȻûкĹںϣģȵͨ͸󣬱㽫Щų⡣
ʱѾ˴ǸһǳأҲ䱸ɭϣȻһЩʵǿʧֽЩС
ȻķǳãҶС绹ǷǵټЩҲʱʱնɱһЩռеĸΪ
ҶСֻԷع˺٣عΪõ˷ǳ࣬Щ˿ںԺķչƺֻǰ棬ܵǰΪĿС
ԴˣҶСֻܹҡͷԴˣϣнռеĸֶɱ˵ΪΪãӵĻܹʧٳַۼĸ֡
Ȼʧܸӣһ۸ֵȫ֮ҪȫԸ磬˭֪Щ˻ôѡ
Ǻƽԭ޳ǳ˼ҶСҲ̫
תۼ䣬ҶСռѾһˣһʧֱնɱȻҲռֱնɱ
УЩȨǰѳֳһܣһȻ׳־κΣȨЩȨǹϷˣܹõ˺ٺ١
ÿһΣ´ʱЩԸָѣԼǧɣþͬ⡣
ֳһ¡죬ڶ죬ҶСۼһЩɹЩˮʱһص˵
ôһʱȻ˾סͬһطǸɣԤ˴˵飬ÿжʱ˶ǵģֻ죬ʮ죬˲ŻһΡ
ʲô飿ҶСɻʵ
նɱ۷ĸ֣ԷЩعʱ䣬淢Ͳ˽⡣
ͻȻݱˣһƬңӣڴڣ·ӵȻûǿҲԶˡ
ȨƵЩȨ׼һܻʵۣİѳֳȻЩֱ뿪˶ǣȥǵķأһʱ׼ѵ˼
˵ѾֱˡϣܶǳصƶʧȫɱһգάִЩѾˣûܹ赲ʧ罵ռеˡ
΢΢һ̾˵ƺΪܶ߳׽ɱ¾Ļж̾
Ϊ£Щ¸ӵ޼ɵһЩϣΪ۸ֵǰ·Ѿϵˣǵļޱ񾳺۷塣


2197 б
ĴսʼҶС˵
ռеĸҲȻʧ罵ٵռеĸмʮռеҲ
˵ռݺܴƣռеĸܹЩΪ֮ȫնɱ
ϧǵͲܹͳһڴնɱֱһɢӵĻҡ
ȻռеЩʧҲһ壬֮໥¼ɣ໥໥սɶԷ
˵ռ䣬ʧˣܷɢУѾΪ޴Ļ˷ʡ
ǰž⣬ʵӣնɱ˺֣ܶЩعԼĶѾ̫Զˣһڵʱ䣬ܹ뵽ˡ
ʱԽԽˣóȥˣ˵ոն֣ͱ˷ˡ
Ŵҵĵܹˮ㣬˵һᣬҲһΪĴᡣ
ʱҶСڵƺѾܶΪ΢ɫţƺһֲ֪ôӡ
ȻһЩ֯һСŶӣƺǺ֮ˡ
ܴѾնɱһ֮ˣǵĿ־ŴķֱЩеĿ־屻޷Ŵˡ
նħոˣ֤˰ȫ
Ӣո֣Ϊ񾳣٣Ѫˣɳһҵ
ֵϣܶطһЩɵСո֣ΪеĸͳһòôҲΪ档
ϵ龰ҶС΢΢ҡҡͷûһͳһûа취е֮նɱڵ֮ǰǴ֮˸ء
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬һƵ洫˳ͬʱüǿӲϢƬأƺиֵĶǵļ֮ڡ
նħšӢš۾šеСļľӡһ𣬶Էһ˵ۼ
ҾƹڣиֶˣֵľƹһӰǶ䣬Ķ
ǲġ
ǣѾۼ֣ûбҪǵıҪ
Ѿˣ˭Ը£һ˵дһء
е˶ͬ뵽ĶУǶ˵ĲɵѾˣֻҪ̬֮ˣǶԷɵŵأԱѾ֪ˡ
ĶУ˭֪Ժʲô飬δı仯̫ˣһȥɣȻ롣
˾ܾһɿµƽ٣ҶС綼оˣǹƽЩȫ֣Ƭռܶȡѹӡ
ҪҪܹľӣǵĸҪ֪ܹͳһƬռ䣬ôǾ¹ȵĿԪѫʱ򣬲ǣǵĺ档ǵٴ
ߣ˭֪ڶӵģܹͳһĻô˭ܹͳһ硣һһ˵
˵ĲͶ˭ͶڶУƷһġһ˵
ֵĻɫԽԽѿˣĻ
Щ˶Ĺ˷ǰΪһЩ֣Щ˵ģڶУȷʵģΪˣǱҪĸ֣ΪЧ
ôֵĻЩ⣬ƺʧǷŭ
ȻǵֱӴһɱ⡣
ҶСУ˵һƤ۵꣬ɫΪ֣󻹸źö֣ӴţΧֵӦһҪ
䡪
µٶ£һӽƬռˣγһǿޱȵĹֱӾ뽫ղų˵Ǽնɱ
һ֡
ԷĹһɫһ䣬һʱ䣬ܶͬʱ֣һԹ˿ΪǣΪѪĹγɣĹ໥ںһ𣬱˸Ϊ޴ܡ
ƤĹһӾͱˣֲܡ
һĻƤ¶ЦݣΪ˸о¡
Ȼһ֣˶֡Ƥ۵ŭĺͬʱ˻֣һϿµӿЩȫ


2198 ׺ֶ
һϿֲƱЩνˣΪɢƽЩոճȫ֡
Щʲôնħš۾ŵȵȵĸ֣¶һ˿֣һ˿ĲƺͲ
ԲģɻɢҲΪ߹һֺеͬʱУЩϱƣԿЩϷơ
ɣƤµ¶ɭȻ֮ɫȻȻ֣һɿµ˳һռ䶼ն롣
ЩҲ׷׳֣һһع˿߻ۣȫӿ˸ղƤ껯ĳС
ɲǼ䣬ǱĳǱǧ׵ĵâռ䶼죬ƺһֽҪơ
һǿޱȵĳЩոճľŸһǿĹâ
ԶԶȥϪ۳һӣμΪ׳ۣһֺ󺣵ĸо
¥еҶСĿԶܹռ䣬ֱӿΡ
Щսκһӱ֪˭ܹʤ˭ᱻɷ顣
ЩҪԿˣȻڶ࣬ΪϻЩµЩʵǿ󣬲սḻ֪ôСĴۻȡ棬Ͳܱȡҡҡͷ˵
ҶС˵ͷ
µЩȣЩʲôʲôŵ˾ƾһ㣬Էûһȼϡ
ȻͬԤϵӣЩʲôʲôŵ˳׵Ĵ·硣
䡪
ǱܹƬռȫնϵĳײһһӱ㽫նϣռ䶼ָ롣
һ̼䣬ʲôնħš۾ŵȵȵĸ֣ɫһ䣬ÿٴδһâЩâγһ֡
Щֽÿһ˶Χ
ΣĹͷЩνŵı׶˾¶˳˶һģǵ˽ĺأֻԼİΣںˡ
ǡ
һ΢𣬺ܶϵĹһӱնˣЩն˹ֵĸֱӱն룬Ѫ׷ף˾ع
ϵĹȻûնƣȫն˳ȥˡ
ǳƬΧɢȦȦΣЩϲó󷨣Ҫû󷨵ıЩȫˣп¶ˡ
ߣߣ뿪
ȱܿǣǵľ֣ǲǶ֡
һ˵ĸ˵ڲôǿֿˣͬ˾ŵСһ㣬ܷɱȥҪݱܷâ
ʱΪÿģҾУһâƳգ貵ǰ㣬ΧЩͨڶûȥۿǲõĹâڿܹܲӳЩֵ׷ɱ
ܣܵ𣿡ƤЦһ˵
ذ˷Ϊ飬
һĳڵⷽؼƺ̺ĳħƬռһع𶯡
ɲǼ䣬ƬռУعγĳֹ񣬷ԲһķΧڿռγһΣЩƺʧȥʲô֧һ㣬ҡҡλΣƺҪһ㡣
ЩֵĸУռޱȣޱȾ޴һ¶˾֮ɫһ˿ľ֮ɫ
ÿ˶ҵţҪַ
Ƥĸ֣бųһĨ⣬һץγһֻ޴ơ
һֻ޴ǵأץƿռ䣬ޱǿΰ
ۡ
˲䣬ʮ񾳸ѣѪ죬ȫΪһޱȵع
һಿɢƬռ䣬ȫӿ뵽ڡ
䡪
ƬĿռڻǱˣȻƤʵǿޱȣЩʵ̫ˣ˵ܹԸνع
ݡ
ǻһâʧƬռ䡣
ֻƬ̼䣬ۼЩȫɢܡ
ߡƤһĿɨ·һ㣬̴ΧһЩߵľ
Ǽ룬ǼĶ顣
ףǧأһͳ
ƺǲµĿ⣬ܶ߸ϽͶϣƺ¶Էһŭ֮£նɱղĺֶθ̵ӡ
㡭㡭㡭㣬Ķ飬˶ˡ˵Ҫĸ֣Ƿ


2199 ԿҶС
Ƥ֮ϣ߸ߵ飬ͳһ硣
ָ̬߰Ŀ˵̬ȣͷܲˬ˵ˣҲǸʲôµһʲôʸ߸ϡ
ǴӦǴӦĶ飬ԸΪκ顣ָЩ֣һ¶־֮ɫǸϽϹʾ
ǵ𣿺αطֿԡһ˵
˵Щ֣һ¶һĨ⣬һĨĺ⣬лᣬЩ˾ԲŹֵĻᡣ
˺ܶǿߺƤƺԼ˶ô˲õһ㣬Դ߸·ƺơ
޼ɵɨ䣬ƺѰⷽؼĸֻ֣ҪиִڣͻĶ飬
Ϊղչֳֶ̫пˣܶĿ֮£ε˼Ķ顣
ϽߣǸϽ뿪ǸֲļһҪѰЩˡ
ǣϽ뿪ԲֵͶӵеƷҲͳһŶûС
ҶСڵľ¥УһЩΪ˵Ƿ׷ɱȥƺǿǼĶ顣
ƺЩΪǿܣ¥УҲ׷뿪¥
ȻܣΪЧ˶ĵˣȥɣͻȻ䣬һ٣ֱ쳹¥У·콵ٵ־һ㡣
һһǿɨҶС̽УЩһѣֱӻΪ˾ع
һ˲Ĺʮ˵ƺǼҳ㷹ûио̡
ʣһع;ȫΪ˷飬
Ŀ˿ղھѹżЩ֣ȻĿͶҶСڵľ¥
˼ȻλߴڣԾȻãô֣Ϳɫʲô仯һ˫ĿƺѾ¥ֱעҶСˡ
һһ¥¶һ˿֮ɫƺҶСܲ򵥣е˼
ƺڸ߿һ㣬ûһʱ䣬ͳҶСǰ
溬ЦĿˣ΢΢һȻ˶棬û뵽λ̬ȻãǴ䰡
ûʲô˵ģɱɱ㣬С㣬ǿնɱߣʲôֵþȵġҶСƷžˮ˵
û뵽㻹ǸˣѾض˵˰ɣ벻룿Ĳ뿴㱻նɱһѡ񣬸ʮʱ䡣˵ǰһֳ۹ҶСˡ
ƺܹĶһҫһ㡣
Ķ𣿡ҶС֪ʣлЩζ
ǼĶԸΪҲͦģֻҪĶ飬ʱֻҪܹͳһʱʲôݽͲڻ¡꿴ҶС˵
ƺЩջҶС硣
ݽܹôЩҸͲںοֵΪôʸ𣿡ҶС糤Цһʵ
⻰ɫú⣬ƺ˭ǷǮһ㣬бųĹâضҶС磬ǾƲԳԷƣҪңҲֶԸǡ
ߣɣҺúÿ֮˵ҶСǳƽȴǺڵİζ
ȻҾķڷ˵ͬʱϿµƱ˳׵ĽҶС֣ƺҪҶСȫԴﵽĿġ
ڸоôʱǧҪսҵĵߡ꿴ҶС˾ӱϣϴһ˿֮ɫʵΪҶСѾ׵Ľˡ
ûκθоʲôֶΣʹɣҶСϵľƱ̵ĺһڣȻ˵
һĻɫסˣƺ˺ݺ˦˼һᡣ
û뵽ҶС羹Ȼܶ¾ڳĴ
㡭㡭궢ҶС磬־ŭʮָӣƺԼ֪Լ¶ʲô
ʲô㣬һСС߶ѣȻſ񣬺ߣһɫ㶼֪ԼмＸءҶСȫɢһӳƷͬʱһӽһܶ


2200 նɱ
оҶСϱŷƺ屻ȫһҲܶʶԼˣǰʵֲ̫ˣͲܹԿġ
ʵ˾ܹͳһһǰӦûбҪʲôĶ顣
ΪûǸʸ
㡭ô¶һĨ֣ĶҶСʵ
ҲôȺҹȥģ㶼鷳ˣܲһʾûаɣҶС¶һĨЦ˵
ҶС仰Ƥͷ亹֪ԼοӴ˽ˡ
ûһ㻺͵𣿡һ˿ʵ
ᵽ˸ղЩΡԭԼǿѹָо
ҶС绺ҡҡͷ
Ȼͱȹơɫ¶һĨ׺֮ɫͻȻ䣬ͨޱȣ·һ¯һ㣬ڶ⣬ҪԼյĸɸɾ
ۡ
һޱȵĹâڱŷƺ̴壬һ̼͸ޱȣƺһ͸ˣǳء
תۼ䣬ƺʵת飬Ϊһ壬ԼһѪⶼתӴ
ʥ⣬پһۻࡣƬؼƺĳֹĹ壬һ̫âɣƺûʲôܹ赲ǲõĹâһ㣬¥ǽڶ̴
һܹڻ껯ӰΪģɢܶζޡ
һâھҶС˲һߵľ󣬱ֹͣɢƺҶСΧһεĹ赲һйâ
һĻһӰ¶һĨɬһĨΣ֪Լ˺˶ԷǶýһġ
գĹâӲˣؼ䣬Ϊҫ۵Ĺâ
âɢѾʧˣȼԼһ򣬻壬ͷų˿ޱȵȻû˺ҶСһ˿˿
ԶµЩֿһĻһͣƺ۾һ㡣
þãŷӦ˹¶һĨ֮ɫ
ߣ뿪Ͻ뿪̫ˣֻߵЩܹԿ
Ͻ뿪ǿɲ
µЩ֣ϽӴܣƺҶСֶԸһ㡣
Щղűȵļеŭ׵ı˳
ɱЩɶˡ
ɱǣղǺţնɱǺܶѡ
һҪһѵ
ɱǣȻǼĳ֣һ
ЩһһΪһ⣬ŸղЩܵķϷɱȥ
׼µЩȫնɱйеĺ⡣
Ϊ˲ǶһսսǶ½ľƣӰ춼ܴղųնɱ꣬Щ˵ѾעˣΪڻҡ˿󣬿ҶС˵
Ҳûô࣬ԼѣԺ󣬲ܻʲôı䶼޹أҿǿ߰ɣ˵Ǹʲôɳʵǿ˶ԸǡҶСЦЦ˵
ȻǲǸʲôҾУǻǱֵ͵ȽϺãΪ˹עĶ󣬲һܺõ顣
˵ͷƷζһˮλζ䣬ʧˡ
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ϧЩ̫ܵˣǸû׷ϣʱ뵽ҶС硣
뵽ҶСղնɱſ꣬׵Ľǣ׼ǰлû뵽ȴ뿪ˡ
߰ɣ߰ɣԶ뿪ɣǸ˲ֵͶǻɣ
˿˵˷׷Ӧ֪ڻĻ˵µĸֻ֣ǰǼ룬Ͻ뿪˵ĶС
Щ˶׼뿪ʱһֲƴЩɫ׷״䡣
ûж೤ʱ䣬һֳЩΧȫΧЩףɢѪϢ
ɱ
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δǶģ˭Ҳ֪δᷢʲô飬ΪЩ˻ʹ˽ѣüĶˣû뵽ȻĽѣӡǣȫʧ硣


2201 ˮ
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¶һĨ⣬һĨ塣
Կ֪ˣΪһҵˣô֣û뵽㾹ȻһԸңĻݣҲãҼʶһ˵ľ顣ˮһĨŭһĨ⡣
ӡͼĽȪҵꡣ
ˮռ󣬷ԼҶСѾʧɢˣһʼʱȻЩ΢΢ĲϾΪǺܸߣһİĻжһжһĪľ裬ˣ·ǳ͵
һֵĵطǴһƫƧɭֱԵһС䡣
ò˵ã˺óһʱ䣬ЩߵΪǺܸߣͿˮ֮ˡ
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СʵˮôȻܹնɱ˵׺ޣбжˣֱͽˮΪ
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ڣЩ˵Ȫ¶˳ЩֶԸˮΧǱˮնɱˣˡ
һ·һ׷ɱ󶷣ǶĲ٣ܵ˲̶ͬȵ˺
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ˮ֪Ϊץס㸶˶ĴӣڸӿܲѡȪһЦ¶ŨŨɱ⣬һĨĵ⣬ƺѾʤȯա
Ȫһ飬ˮ¶˲֮ɫһ˲䣬ЩֵİΧȦɱȥ
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ˮݺݵҡҡͷΪԼΣѡһɱϧȻʣٴλصԭĵط
ɫڱˣʶ˸ղЩͲΣʵģԷ׼һ񣬾ȻΪ˷ֹܶһ󷨡
аµĿռ䷨ܵһľ룬ͻ䴥һعⲿعԶΪͨ˴ʱڵλãԣôܣ¶صԭλãѲˡ
Ϊ˶ԸңȻ˺ܴĴۡˮȪ˵⣬ܹӳȥİ취
ٺ٣ҵ۾Ϊ˳㣬ٴĴҲ⡣ȪſһЦ˵һжԼ֮Уְձ˶ƿһеĸоǺ
նɱңҲһܹΪҵһμˮ˵ƺҪʱ䣬취
ߣնɱ㣬ȻʰǸһֻҪˣҾһҼȪĿһˮȻΧЩ֣һնɱơ
Щ΢΢ͷͬʱǿĹˮ
ôǿĹ£ˮĵһΣУʵЩ൱ô˵Χһֺĸо


2202 ì
һǿޱȵĹâǾ֮ϵ£âãµΰˮȥ
ôǿĹڤڤ䣬ⷽأˮжܵ˼ơ
һпɶõعЩֵĹϧЩʵ̫ܼˣӰһأԶܣڶܵͬʱһ̺ϹĹ
ЩԷһֹȻԶܡ
ѾЩΧסˣӲˣֻƴȥ赲ǵĹ
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ˮɫһ˫лһĹ켣γɣƬ˶޾˷ۼγһƬ
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ȪһĻ¶֮ɫì̫ˣгˮľĸǿˣ˶в̫ˡ


2203 
ݡ
һâˮӴƵͨɱ˳ȥƬռķѾƣӲɵӡ
ˮܣȪбųһĨ⣬ΪӢŤһţһΪŭӡ
λֵǣһ׷ǸһȪҧ˵һͨ׷˳ȥҲ׷׷ȥ
ȪѾˮϵľ޴Ǳˮôչȥҵļ֮λͻˮ̳С
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ǸĹѣˮͻأһĿռڳɻĽĿͶҶС硣
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ǰɣҶСЦЦ˵һˮ
׼ֱӽˮȳˮߣתһ룬ˮԼչȽϺá
ȻһΣԣǶԺķչȴõĴٽãһûȻȻľͻֶ
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֣ܵǸĳ׷ȥĻƱػǸֵע⣬һǷ֮ˣ»ܶ˶ǵĳӡһֿȪ˵˶˵ͷʾ˵ĺܶԡ
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ȪӲҪֵĻЩ˾ԲȥӰ쵽֮Ĺϵ
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ҿûнҪȻһ˶߲ˡЦЦ˵оһǿޱȵϢһϢڸֵϢ
ҶС˵ͷͬ仰һ˽ܲᱻ֣һӽô֣ڸֲעⶼˡ
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ֲãҾ˵УôͻȻô࣬ǰʱΪߵҲ񾳳ڣα񾳣񾳸洦ɼڣΪ͵Ķ񾵳ڡ
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̫ˣײСǻ۳Ⱥ֮˸ԶԸǴڷƮҡĽ׶Ρ
ЩֵۺҶС໥һۣΪеĸֻ˶ࡣ
ԭΪ˶ԸһȺ֮ˡ
ܹЩʧĸնɱôͻУ϶кܶǰۼӦ
նɱһȺ֮˵ĹޱȾ޴ռ˭ǳĽ顣
һЩ̸ۣҶСһƷζɹ;ˮԵʮӣͲ±ϳ
ĲˣǾҾ¥Уס
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Ŀǰ˵лǷǳΣյģһСľͻᱩ¶ݣҶСҪտˮ



2204 
ҹĺɫأһƬڵƬأⷽ͸һֻҡ壬һƬɱ֮
ҶСĿ񣬽Ŷ֮Ҫ˽صĸУһЩϵĶ
ڲͬ磬ҶСܵ˲ͬĶƺÿһڶһֲͬĶֶƺһӰġ
֮⣬ΪҲڲϼƺһƵĵز
֪ĵľ磬±Ϊۼǿߡ
ҶС̫ԶСׯУһӰһð໥֮ƣȻɢ΢Ƭ̼䣬Щ¾ۼһ
ϵϢһЩĲһߵķΧӡ
Ĺ;ҲѹƲסֺƬظϢˣڲͬϢ¶˳
һСӳֽһתۼ䣬Ǳ㾭С䣬СЩ˵ϢȫʧǶնɱˣΪǻΪӵĶ
ЩȪһˣǵΪûӹҶС
ƬеĹ⣬ߵƼ󣬵ҶСȻܹԶĶУû˵ܹҶСȡ

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ߡһȪ˸ȥɱȥתۼ䣬㵽ˣоһϢʧɫüΪѿ
˫ȭգоһ׼ֵӣûж֣ͻȻſڣƺһŹֵڡ
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ʱĸеȪɶԷΪʹУûвһ״
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ӰУʱɫ䡣
ۣôˣľٶһʵ¶һ˿۵Ƕ֪ģڿ۵ӣȻǷʲôԾĵط


2205 ս
һ˵Ѿ˰ΧˣΪ͵Ķ۷֣񾳳ڸҲ٣һλڸѹδˡ

⻰ΧͬʱһһĽ֮ɫȥȪһҲһǿҵΣУƺýˡ
ûڸһл˵ڸһжˣڸƿһأǸûа취ƿҪܶˡ
ȪŹâƺѰܵĿ϶˵ʵڵģһΪ˽ˣҪȻҪЩνֵܵҲǫĽг˶ۼһ
˵ûνѣֻ棬ΪҪġ
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һĻЩÿһж¶˾֮ɫԷܹǶߣ˵ÿһ˵λãԷָƣҪܸͲܡ
ƴˣֻƴˡһҧ˵
ֻɱһѪ·ˣϵΪʱΪΪ⣬ҪôȫɶԷ˵㡣
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Щ˶ʧһˣǲʴӱԼİ˰ΧսҲԷΪͶ
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ȥǰܣŭ˵һ죬ƺһΰɢ
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ⳡս̫ƴˣעⶼУҶСڵеĸǶսǻΪһâȫ˹ȥ׼ۿ
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սޱȣȪһУԷҲ
ģսУȪȫǸͷͲôǲϵĶܣͲӲƴֻЩ۷֣Żϳ֣һһٶȼ졣
ȻռвиǵȻܸߣΪǿ֮˵Ҳڲϼ١
ԭļʮΪڵʮǳɹ
֮˶Ƿǳģбһ˿ľ£ھһսǷ֮Ҳˣսȸˡ


2206 ̫ûڲ
һսڽУռеЩ֣ԽսԽм飬ȪһˣԽսеĿ־ԽӣΧĸʵ̫ˣһڸǸѲˡ
ȪǺ͸ղһϵضܣͲĹ
սȻڼνӢ۲֣ǵΪͶԷͬһ磬ôΧǣǸӦ
һҵսȪһԽԽ٣תۼ䣬ֻʣˣȪˡ
ЩܼĹȪҲûа취ˡ
ӰѾϽնɱǣˡ˺еż˷ܵĹâƺѾȫ˹ߡ
ǵĻȪŹâҧҧƺĳ־ɫᶨ
ͻȻ䣬ȪдΪµĹââǳΧˣǹߵͬ顣
䡪
µĹâϵΰһӽͬ鶴
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ء
ըѣΪ˴ع
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ȪЩع󣬲ûо͵ڻʱΪҪ⡣
λʵǱǸǸռ˾޴ѣ£ҸоΣԲ𡣡ȪΧЩһȻ˵
֮ˣȫֲ޵ˣҲΪɣһսɣǵ˼նɱˣΪһɣǲ޳ɴɱ¾Ϊﶼƽȵģϧ̫ˣѹƲסԷ˽յĽ֣Ϳ̿
ҾһɵˣϼǲֹһУϧȻ޷ֹΪ²ΪռܹƽֻܹȫϳȥʵǿɲǶ֣ҲǶ֣ˣǿԺһЩа·նɱ
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¥еҶС⻰󣬶㶣ƺû뵽ȪƤΪ˻ʲô˵
ʲôսɣɣûԴתپǿ죬תۼ뵽һӡ
ȪⷬΧЩ֣һŰ֮ɫƺ˼Ȫⷬʵԡ
Ӧģղˣûжɱˣֻڲϵضܡ
˵ľˡ
ţ֮˽ƻޱȣһ㶼š
ΧĸзһЩΪȪ˵ӦģղŵսܹȻһЩΪ֮˶Ǽթƻ֮ͽԲš
ѾԺԿ֪ҿȫǽЩ֮նɱô˵ҶǸˣͬϢҵϣսǻӵаաʱȪ˵ѣ֪ԼܷƭЩˡ
ʱΧ˶ĿͶˣΪߣҲžԵȨơ
˵԰ǶԸЩˣôĿϬȪʵ
ҿṩٵϢ߽յǵİΧȦЩˣ綼նɱˣϧһֱûʱʱŵˡȪһЩ˳޵ı˵
ⷬ飬ⷬٻû˿ԱĻһǸӰۼ˲š
ô㣿˶Ȫٴʵ
ǿڲҵĶֻҪܹնɱЩˣһֺηأȪһʮ˵
˼УҲ˽ƺȪ
һĻҶС΢΢һ̾Щ˶ȪƭˣȻⲢЩˣȪݼʵ̫ˡ
ã㡣þã˿˵
ҲԼĴ㣬˶ãǾ׼һ֮ˣȪİŻ˳ȻҲǶȪһ顣
ллǵΣллȪٴζؾһ
Ϊ˸лǵΣṩһϢʵǵĳڣѾ˻ȥˡȪһŵ˵
ʲô
Ȼ֮˶ǵĳ򣿡
ô˵ǵļƻԷ֪ˣ
Ȫ仰Χ˴󾪣һϻ¶һ˿ļС
λҪżǸ˵ӣΪǺܺãŸλ϶ܹǸҳնɱȪйâɢûˮӡ
֮ʣȻûնɱˮɼˮĺ⵽ʲôز


2207 ֮
ȪûӰˣ˫ĿĴģƺҪǸӰӡǵԺС
˵Ȫ¶һ˿ĵ֮ɫһĨ⡣
ˮˮìܹôССֶ£Ҫնɱˡ
̫֮ˣȻ͵͵ǳ򡣡˷ǳߵ˵
һҪǸ֮ҳҪȻǵδ档
ΧЩ֣һŭ˵ƺѾ¶˾ģһҪˮѰҵ
ȻȥѰһ֮ˡĿһɨ˵ȻĿͶȪ˼ԣȪһȥ
ȪԹԵߵǰͻȻ䣬˫ĿбųϬĹâлһԲεȦû˶Էڡ
˲䣬ȪоԼΪƺʧˣǿ֮⣬һͨˡ
õģΪڣҲǷӡΪѣӽ쿪ʼǵˣֻҪãһᶼ⿪ӡһɡ˵ǰ˵ٻȫţִԴ˵ϰߣֻҪöԷʧȥĳʸŻоȫ
Ϊ˽ЩȫնɱҿһνȪȻк޵ҪȻʮ㣬ƺǱԩˣһϸ쵼
ߡƺûȪĻһ㣬һâһȻȪ뿪
ˣҲ׷׷Ƿغ󣬲ûϢǲ鿴ˮ䣬ϾѾ˵֮˵̽ӣá
ϧעǵжֻͽ޹ҶСоԾʱѾ֪ͨˮˮϽ˵ء
սԲ֣Ϊˮһò
ҶСĴˮ֪ҶСһֱڰбҶСǸмƻûкãϽԼڵĵط뿪
ȻߵʱҶСһţˮڴԼһǿĹܵȻûиˮ
ˮ뿪Щַ׷׻ع飬ʱʱ۳ˮòˮȥ
Ҫզϣˮնɱûʸǵļ̳Ȩ
һѰҵˮסĵطϧѾȥ¥գʧһ̼䣬ȪҲûʲô취
Ȼɱ죬Ǳȴûб¶ʲô֪Լһ¶һЩԾĵط˾ͻὫնɱΪ˻ʲô鶼
ĴڣϣĿƽĶȪ
˵˵Ǹɣÿ˶֮ڵǳ棬ʧֶոȤһ㡣
ȪʵʵǸȫ˵ˡ
ĵĽȪĻ¶һĨ֮ɫʧĿ£ǲ֪νĲǲ˶ѣ֮ȫĻռѾˡ
ַۼ٣һϣûС
ЩҶС綼УУѾȫдỌ̈̄ҪȪˮԸͳˡ
Ȫˣһǧζ
ʱ䣬ҶСһֱУ˺֣ܶкüڸ֣Щ˿˵Ĺϵܲ
Ȫһūһ㣬ЩЦҪжƺԼһūš
Ϊ̫õԵʣЩֶͦõģûн⿪ķӡ⣬˺Ժ䣬иֱ
ʱУѾϰ񾳳ڸˣкö񾳸֣ʵѾ㡣
ҹǱжռҹƺ赲Ĺܣ˭̽ķΧ
ᣬҪȥ̾ھ֮ɽеһ֮ˡ
ҶСҶСȻ׼һ׼ˮ㣬ûնɱһ񾳸֣򵽵عУԼĶ
ھĿĵزԶʱҶСͲƬɽڵĶƬɽȫ󷨣ͿκζߣΪҶС󷨴ңҲ
Ƭɽеȷ̾һ֮ˣн˷ݣƺﵱ˳ڵĸݵء
Щȫ񾳳ڸ֣ʮڸ֣һ񾳺ڸ֡
Щ˵ʵҶС΢΢ҡҡͷǸеĸ֣ûиǰ϶ԴǵʧѾעˡ


2208 ʵ
ǧռеĸ֣վһ޴ɽ棬˫Ŀ˸⣬һֵ˷ܣƺϣܹܺõһսˣҲ֮ܽȫնɱ
ϧǸͲ֪Էʵʵƾһ͸¶Ϣжϳɽϵľ
Щ˻̫ɵûдҴææɱȥȹ۲졣
ЩУΪ׵ʮһڵĸ֣Ȼ͸һļµ
Ƭɽ̫ˣҹЩû޶ˣһ⡣һڸü˵
ҹɽ־Ǵ⡣һڸȻ˵˫ĿҰһĹâƺҪƬɽֿ͸
ͻȻ䣬ɫһĿͶһԵȪϣȪڵʱˣȻƱ磬ҲɵӣҪ㣬һЩɣ
Ȫ˿ǰںڵɽ֣ͷƤһ飬˭֪涼ʲôһ֣һҰ£ֻܹӦҪǲӦЩ˿϶Ὣնɱ
ܹΪһ飬ҵңҲֻҪƽնɱǰ֮ˡȪһ˵Ȼƺĳռиֵһӡ
Ȫ̬Ƕĵ˵ͷ
㻹ʲôҪûУһڸʵ
ƬɽУ˵ĪΣΪӡ¡²Ȳ鿴ǵĶͻҪµľûмֵȪ˵
ڸֿһȪȻ󻺻˵ģǻһǿĹŻаġ
Ļ£һâзû뵽Ȫڡ
ڸҲԴһâȫ뵽ȪڣǶȪԼһ¹
Է¶ܹȪնɱĻôлΣ
ллȪ˵Ȼһ߽Ƭɽ֣ƺһַˮļơ
ɽУںޱȣߣĿҲһﲻڰŨǳأ赲ĹЧ˸û֪Ƭɽе
ÿһȪС඼ݺݵһ£ƺǰʲôµĶһ㡣
СʱûκΣգ΢һ£µĲҲſ˲١
ոһξǰȻʣƺӺڰһ˹硣
ƻͨ磬һվվţ϶ɢſµϢŶǰһϣЦЦĿȪ
һĻȪͷƤ飬Щ˵ʵȻǸټ˵ʵҪǿ
ڼ˴󲿶ˣ۰λһҪռЩ̫ˣǾȻҪԵףʧˣôܳǵͬأȪͻȻڵأһʹţһǰȥ·ܵĪίһ㡣
ɽҶС鿴һĻҲ֪ȪΪ˻ʲô鶼û뵽Ȫôûнڲ٣ûޣΪ˻ǷѾ֭Ҫˡ
ˣȾңǰһ̫ˣնɱҺüʮͬ顣Ȫϵǰ޺
𣿿Ǹղɽ˵һʮ㰡곰һЦ˵ɢһɵƣ񾳺ڸֵơ
ȪһӴһϽ˵ҲΪǣǷĵҽɽ֣ȻұܹΪ㱨ǵʵ̵ʱš
㿴ɵ𣿡΢΢ǰ㣬˵˻Ǽ˵˻˵Ϊ˻ʲô鶼Ϊɽʲô鶼֪ʵҵ飬Ҷһ
ЩҲǲҲ㣬ȻҲǡ
ˣǸ˶ϣΪǳΪ˵ʳ˷ŹһΰɣֻҪŹңʲôҪҶӦȪһϽģʱǿ־塣
Ϊܹ˳ƭԷû뵽ԷһӾͰԼˡ
أҺֱնɱ㣬̫쵰ˣΪܹɽµЩһնɱұһһᣬֻҪܹЩȫƬɽ֣ұŹ㣬ҪȻߣǲҪġ˵
ףףףȪϽ˵
ȥɣһ˵ͬʱһӽȪƵɽУ¶һΪ˸Ȫ棬ʵ㡣
ֶκȪѾͶˣԷʵ̫ǿˣĻ¶Է˲ߣնɱ


2209 
УȪ˲֣˲ͷϵĺ飬һµӣղѾʶ˶ԷʵǾԱЩֵʵǿ
ȪΪ˻ͶЩˣ񿴵ʧЩ˵ʵǿޱȣֻܹ
ûжúȪ߳Ƭɽ֣߳˲䣬ЩռеĸֶĿͶһ̼䣬Ȫѹ޴󰡣
ôһڸֿȪʵ
ǡƺѾ֪ҪǣܡȪһ˵
Ȼ˵Էһ㶼û׼˵ĻҪնɱˡ
ǶѾڵǰԷûвĻǾɵˡ
ûз𣿡һڸʵ
ˣǲûжҳ֣Ϊһͨ˰ɣȪʵʵ˵ټ٣˸ͲЩ˶УȴȪ˵Ķʵ
ΪĻܷϳ˶Ҳκ⣬Ϊӡȥ󣬶Ȼᱻ£Է֮ûնɱǾֵó֡
Щ֮ʲô
ǵΪûߵʵǿ󣬲ǲ֪ǰԺûصĸ֡Ȫ˵
еҶСһϷӿһĻһЦЩֻɣȪĻǶܹţ󣬱ˣҪǮ
ȪһЩڸ˼УȻȪЩȻûбֳʲô
һһڸֵһٶ֣ȥɽУûʲô飬˳ͨȻٽ롣
ȻѡʽЩڸֹͬĽ
һȪвЩģԷʶʧЩ˵ıôǾҪնɱˣ
һʱ䣬нŲѡ
ӵһٶ֣û˿춯뿪ɽС
Щ˽ɽУЩڸ˫ĿžⶢƬɽ֣ƺҪ͸Ƭɽһ㣬ϧôŬͿ͸͸ȥ
ûжúͻȻ䣬һµĹâƬռɱ
һĻȪɫһףûнЩȫ뵽ɽУʾļƻʧˣʱ䣬ŵĿܡ
ЩڸҲһŵӣжЩǷ˶ԷС
ݡ
ʱһâڵɭг˳һ񾳳ڵĸ֣һڸǰ˵ˣǿҪɽʱЩ֮˷ǣںǵսǵʵһ㡣
ûʲôһڸֽʵ
ûУֻɽϲ֪һǵʵ쳣һʱͻơֹ˵
󣬼ڸ໥һۣȻͬʱƬɽУҲŽȥȪԥһ£Ҳ˽ȥԶԶظЩ
˺ܾãΪ˷ӡţˣҲ˶೤ʱ䣬ֻܹһΣЩʧ˲նɱ
˶ɽУûж೤ʱɽֱ˴۵ĹâԲǧڵȫ£˹
ʱѾˣƬɽ־һǿ󷨣Щ˽Уֱ뻢ڰ
ϵˣǶϵˡ
Щ̫֮ƻˣȻϹ
ȥһҪȥ
һŭĺƬɽͬʱſµơ
ʼգû˻ȪǻΪȪҲЩƭˣ֪ȪΪǵһնɱıȪ
սЩ˳׵뵽Уǿ󷨴ſµĹЩ񾵸һȫΪ˾ޱȵع
Щޱȵع򣬴󲿷ɢȫƽķ䵽ɽʧڣǵΪӡ
Ҳȥɣ촽ҶС˵Źâ
Ҳͨ󷨣ҶСĿ
ͨѡЦЦ
Ǿ߰ɣҶСǫ֮ʣϵ赱Ȼ
سɴ磬ת˲䣬ɽУɽߣЩõĸ󷨸ͶһöûС
ҶСоƺһӾܹ͸Щ˶ʲôֻҪҪģֱնɱȻЩعա
ȻգȴûбɣЩعӤһԣƺѹһ㡣
ȫޣֻҪĸ֣͹ϳ֣ȻЩڸ֣ûдǡ


2210 ̽
ҶСƬɽߣԼҵĺ԰һ㣬Ͳ󷨵ѰŶԼĸ֣Ȼȡ֮ع
ѾôˣҶСѾ͸˺ܶ࣬磬һǿΪ磬ֻҪʧԼıģʲôԡ
ɽеսΪң󷨵ĿɽЩʧĸȻ㣬ɳи͵Ϯ
͵ϮĽϣռЩ֣಻ԣһЩ񾳳ڷ׷ױնɱʧ񾳺ڸ˫ĿйâƬɽеĶ
ͻȻ䣬˫Ŀһųƺ˿ռ䣬ҶСټҶСȻߣЩġҶСԶɢһ·ʾҶСˮƽѾԽʦˮƽ˵κжѾˡ
⻹񾳺ڸΪ𾪣𾪵ˣôҶСľòƺһε赲סһһ㡣
ף֣û뵽оȻĸֵ֣һ¶һ֮ɫֱӻΪһʧ
ɽߵҶСƺоʲôһ㣬¶һ˿΢ЦȻֻͣ˲䣬ǰһ֡
ź֮ɫ
ҲʧˣҶСһ̽ʵ
ŶҶС¶һ˿֮ɫƺû뵽һӾͲ³ʧĸ֡
ôãѾˣϵܴǳֻʧ󷨸֡궢ҶС˵ͬʱһҲûпʲôһɫâҶС
Ͽһɫâʵɫγɵķ⿼ҶСˮƽ
һոյҶСǰʮ׵ķΧɲǼֽ˿ķģȻû뵽ҶСΧա
¡
һƬ𣬿ռ䲻ȣƺҪһ㣬һ罵ٶ£ƬССĿռз˻
ҶС¶һ˿΢Ц֣ʳָлɫ˿ߣ˿ûС
ͻȻ䣬ռ䶼˲Щû˿ռеķƺһ˳ȻԶ顣Ƭռָ
ҶС粢ûͣƬռΪֽΪīֱʳָдһϵ
һ壬ޱȣûȫд͸¶һɲĹ⣬ƺΪԭ֣Ϊԭһ㡣
һĻ˫Ŀ΢΢һҶСˮƽѾ˳뻯ľ磬ģΪԴֱ˳ֻ󷨴ﵽѾ˲ˮƽĿǰ궼ԶԶûдﵽˮƽ
¡
ҶСһдƬռĶһϸƵ𣬸һӰƺĳֶһ㡣
һַɳγһžһӽ漴ʧʱɫЩãƺֲԼʲôط
ˣˣˡ
ɱɱЩ֮ˡ
ʱһƬɽ
ƬɽвõȷʵˣǱҶСдһϵɢƳƵġ
ѵʱռǸ֣һɽʧЩ֣һֺƺҪбĻȫй
ҶСⷽУΧĿռ΢΢˹һѪҶС¶һ˿ļɵ
һʵ̨֪ղдһʲô֣
ǰҶعд֣ĸֱֵ۱֡ҶС絭˵
Ȼ֣ˮƽѾﵽ񾳣Ҳ㣬˰Ϊҵˮƽʧ綼ûм˶ܱȵϣû뵽վȻôǿ󷨸֡Ŀ⸴ӵĿҶС˵ƺЩܵˡ
̨֪
ҶҶС絭˵Ȼһʧ
΢΢һ㶣üһ䣬Ҷ
ǳϤƺ˵һ㣬ڣһҶ㷮Ǹ嶼޲ߵ𣿵Ҷ˵䶯һ˵˺ƽԭڹ¥̨ڵõϸʱĶ
˭Ҳ֪
û뵽ȻʵȻѾֵزֻзǿ߲ܹѹˡȻ΢΢һ̾
ҶСʵǿ󣬻֮ϣοҶС绹һλǿޱȵ󷨸֣ˣ̫ˣΪ󷨴ңȻ֪󷨵˼ºǿ
⣬ƬɽֵôˣͻȻ䣬귢ɽ󷨱ƣɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼʧ


2211 ս
ɽ󷨵ռеЩֶ˳ȥֱɵĺʧЩֿʼ˲а񾳳ڸߺ񣬸ǿߡ
û񾳺ڸֵ壬ʧЩֵۺʵռоۼĸǿ١
սȥܾ˵ľ棬еʱռкܶĸֱնɱĿǰʧռơ
ҶСѾ߳ɽ֣տЩ˵սѰŶˣֻҪǶˣĸֻʧĸ֣ҶС綼ᶯ֡
˵ռеĸֺʧûʲôֱ𣬶ûֹУϾ·Ǹִ硣
ڶǿشնɱ˲ٸ֣Ϊȴûһ˿˿ľء
ҶСһϲô֣һ֣һӻˣڸ֣񾳳ڸ֡
ĸֻ϶ӲҶСҰһնɱʮֺҶСͣЩҲûҪˡ
ս쳣ʱʧ˹һ־ֱնɱڸ֡
񾳺ڸֵʵǿޱȣڸָͶԿˡ
񾳺ڸֵļ룬սƱ仯ܿ죬ʤ׵ʧ˵
ˣˡ
Ȼһ񾳺ڸ֣мˡ
ǷЩ֮ˣֱ֮ڷǡ
һϴſֻ֮ɫ˵ͬʱһɽɱȥƺҪƬɽ
ʱնɱ˺üڸֵˣ˫лһķγɣȻûա
תۼ䣬ʮöӡգƬռ䳹׵ķˣǸ벻ȥ
ʱսѾȫûˣȻУ񾳺ûٶ֣ЩʧĸȻЩ˽նɱ
ҽϷһعɢƬռ䣬սĴۡ
ܹЩعȫĻжáѾնɱĲ˵ɢŨйʱ΢΢һ̾˵
Ѿնɱ㹻ˣöˡ
ôϣеʾͱ˰ٷ֮٣ֵԶҲӣҲ١ҶСЦЦ˵
ҲǿЩع̫˷ˡ˵
һսĽһʼѾעˡҶС翴˿ռвϼٵĸ˵
ռеĸֲһľعȫʧЩڣǵΪӡ
־޴֮£˵ʵԽԽˡ
һսʧȡ˾ԵʤȥĻռĸֶʧĸֻӵļɵ
սСʱֹͣˣƬػָһĿ¹âҲʧΧƺ޾ĺڰС
Ǹоۼĸ֣ɱڵǰϧȫնɱˣʧЩȻҲ˺ܶˣǸûԪ
ܵ˵õԶԶʧȥĶܶࡣ
갲ս飬Ȫһһߡ
ⳡսȪһֱΧֱսų֣ʧĸ־Լˣϴûз˾ûйռеǸ֣ѾԹ˲ϾˣȻҲû˹űסһС
ȫź֮ϣȪһūŵӲЦ
û뵽㾹Ȼܹڣ治һĺáĿȪΪȪԻεսУû뵽ԷȻ
մ˴Ĺ⡣Ȫǫ˵
ЦЦȻҡҡͷһµĹâһûȪڡ
ǡ
ϸ΢ϴȪڴΪķӡˣΪڻָˣ˿Щһˡ
ǶʧֵķϣҾĹ㣬߰ɣ˻˵
ллˣ̫лˣˣһֱȪڵޱȹ˵
ɲɵӣǰʵǿ󣬸ŶԷ޾ĺôԼһĻҪıռеĸַ֡
ߣҲ㣬ᶨˣҴãûնɱ㣬ѾǸˣɣҪҸı⡣˵һ㶼
ѾжϳȪΪˣ˶ԱЩˣȻҲԱɲҪ
֮ûնɱȪΪһӶѣЩȫȫĸ
⻰Ȫɫһһ죬ÿ֮ѣֻ뿪


2212 ̫
صҶС緢еĸֶûϢǶڴţڴЩܹ飬նɱ֮ˣϧעʧˣЩȫնɱˡ
Щڴ֪£֪ɶĴ
Ȼ³綼Ҫ¶ģʱ򣬿϶޴ķӦ
ʱҶСھ¥һͷУͥӤ˫Ŀ磬һӿΧЩһعΪһ˿ߡ
Ӥڹ۲Щ˿ߣЩعΪԼĶ
һУҲôá
ҶСЩߵعʱʣĸڲ˲ԾϵʱܵǿЩȫûй
һǵĿֻţмǰȥ鿴ĸ˵Ƭɽз˴򶷵ĺۼʱѾˣǰȥ֮սЩȫɱˡ
´Χܶ򣬳ǳӣ˺ܶ˵Ŀֻš
ʱ򣬴ˣȨȫЩȨУڵľֻһһ㡣
û˼Ըʧĸ֣ȨȻͳεķΧ֮ˣǶȻֶԸûУǲŲط
ǶԣԼΪҪȻⶼûеΪؼʱ˹ؼʱǶȻ
ʱУռиɵʧҲ˽ռȵǹһ³ǳУʹռЩǳء
һʼʱʧ˲ûоۼһɱҲһˣǶһ˶ѣʱƣȫۼһɵΣӾ޴ˡ
ɱ˶һǳأһǳصģʮ䣬һʧΣԸΪǿҡ
˵ռѾΪҵʱÿ춼кܶ˱նɱȻ߶붼ʧĸ֡
ռеĸ֣ѾԼ꣬˼вȻľͻһЩ򣬱粻ɱ޹ȵȣʧĸֲͬǼ߾նɱʱͬʱʧĸ֣նɱ
ҶСһǧ⣬һȵϪԣȪǱޱȵһϪߵľʯϣĿˮƺ仯̫ˡ
ǰһʱ䣬ôνֵռзȻ˵ϺаԵҲû˸ǣϾǾۼʮ񾳳ڸ֣ڣֻʣһ˾
ʱ´СģΨֱռеĸַŰȻȺ֮
û뵽ȪҲһ죬ȫ׷ѡ̾һ˵ݡ
ôʶʶ˺ܶˣϧȻռУЩʶȫնɱǸ簡
ˮû뵽ôһɣͻȻ䣬һ
Ȫ΢΢һ㶣ȻĿͶϪ棬ϪͻأһӰһӰɫۣһƫƫӣˮ
ҶСİ뿪УûԶĬĬعעȪʱ
ȪɽиϳһֱţȪǡ
֪ԼȪѾǲݵľˣ˲ѡôһõط׼һ˶ϡ
㡣Ȫ˫Ŀһų˵⼸죬һֱң
ҴһֱǱˮ˵
һޱȵˮٿԼһãȪǲʣһּʣƺˮãǼʡ
֮ԱɵȫǰͣҪǵ׷ɱ㣬ߵЩҲҲӡȪˮ
Ȫӣˮ¶һ˿֮ɫڽϣȪǳ˵ãʮԲС˵˳˳ˮģܵĵһû뵽һȫʧȥߵ侲
ҪңҲҪȪȻ
Ҳ㣬н죬ȫԼԭһϵûУ׷ɱôȫûԼǡԺʱ䣬˱Ѿɣ
խݲңңҲܹŹһҪˡˮȪ˵
ȪмֺƵӣˮ΢΢һ̾˵̫ͬ
ͬʱһĸֵ֣ܹ֮Žһ𣬶ȻܹҸǿʢϧڡ
ҲҪʵģҪ־ɣ˭˭һأȪһ
ԼĵƣĵƱʮڸڵĹЩԴڲ֮ء
˵նɱˮ


2213 ֮
ǴûնɱҿʼעѾʧˡˮҡҡͷ˵
ǲնɱȪģϾԷҲ֮ˣϧȪնɱ¾ԸȪƽȪҲƽ
㡭Ȫбų⣬絶һ㣬ַΪ˿ߣˮȥ
̫ˣʱ򣬻͵ϮܲܽˮնɱУˮһ˿ļɵìʶˮìһӽ
㻹䲻ðˮЦһлһԲȦ̺ĹȪϸһӱС
ߣֻҪܹʤʲôֶ𣿡Ȫһ˵
޼޵
һߣ˫һץǰϪһӱнΪˮƬؼ䣬ƺһ֡
ˮֵķΧڣûʲôܹӳȪĿƣеع򣬶գƺ򳡡
һɿµѹ˷ˮѹƺҪƬռвĶȫѹ
ǡ
ܶʯ顢ľȫΪ촷ۣƺƬռ˾޴ĥһ㡣
ε£ˮٶȡعĿƣܵ˼Ӱ죬ҪӳԼΪΨдⷽռ״
ᣬȪ˫ֽ棬ɫĹγ˲üⷽռĵС
һʮεĺѷγɣΧĿռȫˡ
Ȫǿޱȵˮ¶֮ɫһ
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˫һֵӡ·һ˫ּɢһȦȦεĲӡ
ȪǵǿĹܵӰ죬ƺ˺̺ܶ࣬ķֽ⡣
ʱһڵͻȻ֣ЩڵƬռޱԣΧĹâ
ЩڵԽԽ࣬һɫ˿ߣЩ˿߷·ܹƬռеع
ʱԶԶȥⷽؼ䣬һƬԲεĻ磬һɢɫâĶɫˮӡΪԴͷЩɫ˿Ϊͨƺʲô
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ˮ˫ĿͻȻըڹ⣬ƺ˿ռֱȪϣȪ̲סһ
ʱһѺķг֣һȫЩɫϸ߽Ž֯ɡ
Ѻɫгֵ˲䣬ⷽռݺݵضƺҪһѡ
ݡ
ɫâգղȪһֱӱ⣬ЩЩعƺһ㡣
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ȪĹ׾ٵľͱˮˣһĻȪɫϱ任ѿޱȡ
û뵽Ųʱ䣬ΪȻôࡣȪɫѿ˵
ǰһʱ䣬ˮì񣬾Ȼͨìȫ˻֮ҿȥĻͦġ
һãһ˼ͨ͸һҲʲô¡ˮһ£ȥмֵõ˵ӣɢһ˼ΪȻϢ
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ȪһһץʵϪΪһޣݺˮ
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ЩӰУˮʮеضƺÿһӰ֮ϡ
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һ죬һһƬɽ޵ΰֱӱʯݶ£ƺؽҪһ㡣
ĹҲˡˮҡҡͷ˵ͻȻ䣬һ֣Ӱһεסޡ
һɿµ޴˹ȥӵȪС
ͻȻ䣬Ȫɫ䣬Ͻſޣֱ˺ɫڣת˲䣬ʧˣ󴦣ȫʧʲô취ֻҲˡ
ˮһ»ΪϪʣϪƺ峺̺
㡭⵽ʲôȪͷϸܵĺ֣Լ־ȻҲˣޱȷŭһЩĿֻš
㲻Ѿ֪֮֮Ѫ񣬵ǸͼڵĻԣһΡˮϴ΢Ц˵
˵ţˮ˹ȥȪûע⣬ʧһֱۣսսĺʱ


2214 
ȪˮսΪң˶Ѿ񾳳ڸˣĹҲֶ࣬β忴ˮѹȪ
ˮڹϼΪͻܹһһԽսԽ˳ֵĸоȪīسɹ棬ô¡
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ƬռعҲ飬񾳸ֵս̫ˡ
ȶƽԭ
ȪɫޱȣбҪ綼ͻƵ񾳣ھȻˮѹš
ѾˣˮȻƵᣬûһˡ
ͻȻ䣬ȪȫĺëըһǿҵΣдƺʲôµ鷢һ㡣
ɨ۲ܵĶʲôΣ
ѵѵìȪͬʱ˾裬ֻҪ΢е㲻Ծ͸Ͻܡ
Ȼһ˺ĳì֣·˲Ȫǰû˿ס
һɻԵӳìϴȻûȫǰһҪԼ͸ĸо
ì𣿹ȻȪͬʱ۾ϴƺѾϢ
һ̣ˮҲûκֻĮ֮˱пɺ֮Ȫ˽δĿĲϧһֶεʵ֮
ۿȪҪǸޱȵĳìʱȻ䣬ڣһµĹӰЩӰЩڸڵһ¹
Ȫʱȥ޾Ĺâ£һµĹâ糱ˮһӿ˹ȥſµƣƺأûƬȡ
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˲䣬һ˳ì飬ΪһɺʧƬؼ䡣
һǿͷûֹͣȻǰȥѹһ㡣
һȥʣˮʬ˫ʮڸĹһ񾳳ڸôܹ赲ˡ
ôܣˮ󾪣û뵽ȪȻֺ֣ΪȪһ˳ì£ɥǾȻ˱ʡ
ˮ㲻Ǻſҿʲô赲εĹڳǿ󹥻ȪſЦƺѾˮ顣
վ·һһ㣬ûʲôܹӳƿء
оǿޱȵѹ֮ˮ¶һ˿Σһ˿ľͲԶԿġ
Ҳܾʹ˷ССȴأһҪңҾԲܹȪСˮͬʱһâڷƺҪ赲סǿĹ
ϧ赲ˡ
ǹѹĹâȫήƺǳһ㣬оһ֮嶼졣
ˣˡҪˣССԲ𣬸粻ܹˣһҪչ˺Լˮı˫Ŀ
ʱһӰˮһӰγҶСӡ
ߡҶСӰһҲûпʲôĶǹһӾͱΡ
оΧЩԾˮ˫ĿҶСӰʱ¶һ˿м֮ɫҶС磬ˡ
ǲлģ֪ôлҶС磬ˣֻصĵ˵ͷѾּˣֻҪҶСҪĵطһ
Сĵ㡣ҶСǵӰ˵һ䣬Ȼ󲻿ɲƳһȪ»Ϊһâˮڡ
ûնɱȪǽˮ
ܣܣôʶһ񾳺ڵĸ֣ܣԲܡһӰ䣬Щȫˣ˵ǵӰ˾񾳺ڸ֡
ţˮܹύּǿߣǿûнʵ˵Լһˡ
ûʲôܵģҵѣѣύЩأǻΣѵʱǰӪȪ濴̫ˣȫ֣֮ȻʵΪΪϵ磬ЩԶԶΪҪףһɵ硣ˮ˵ٴγһ˺ĳì
Ǹ˳ìȪд˿־壬ĵƶ͸¶˳ȻûκˮԷѾìûа취赲֮ƽ
ˮˮƹҰɣҴˣҴˣֵܣֵΪʹ飬ңʺˮŹңֵһҳΪšȪϣĹâ


2215 ͬ·
ˮǿʵ£Ϊ˻ȪѾˣʼģȫûнڲ٣˾Ϊ˻ʲô鶼ܹ
˵ͦõģȵˮˣ˴ȨᷴԸˮ
ܷŹ㡣ˮҡҡͷ˵ͬʱǸ˺ĳìʧȫûκεס
㡭Ȫ΢΢һ˼Ŀˮƺû뵽ˮô죬ôݡ
ͷԼһ˺ĳì֪ʱѾˣڵɢ
ڣȪΪޱȾعЩع;ܶһɢƬռ䣬ƺƬռһ㣬ʣµһȫΪһ⣬뵽ˮڡ
ֻɲǼ䣬ˮϵϢ˺ܶ࣬ѾһҪﵽ񾳳۷ס
ȻʱΪˮûһ˿ĸˣ˵Ȫҵˡ
ţ˵õĽѡˮ΢΢һ̾˵ȻʧƬط
ˮʧ󣬹˺óʱ䣬ͻȻ䣬ƬռҵĲһ֧ڼ׾Ƭء
ЩɫףȫֻʣֻΪϬһɷɢӰ쵽ΧĿռ䡣
йһսһڼ׾˵зһ֮⣬֮⣬ƺƬȫ֡
һǵ֮ʧ˵֮ˣڶһ
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ϧռͲԸЩ֮ˣҪȻδûʤ㣬ԸЩˣֻǺڼ׾ţЩƵ
ҲòŻģǺڼ׾ЭͲЩòܱȵġ
ߣǼѲߡ
Щ໥֮һΪһɫâʧ
ʱУҶСȻĿھ¥еһͷУһϸڵƺʲô˹һ㡣
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һɫ˿ߴڷɢʧաЩɫ˿ȫɵЩعѾЩعȫʵ˺ܶࡣ
ҶСվȻ¥˶¥һУһλϳЩɹȵȡ
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ҶС˵ͷ΢΢һЦȻʵʱ䣬涼˺ܶ飿
ҶС羹ȻѾȫɵع࣬ͬʱ˵泹׵ĻˣֱˣҲ֪ĸһΪĸȫϴˣڣƺͳһռ䣬ʧЩ֣ҲͬС壬ÿ춼д͵ս֡
ȻҲЩɢĴʧ罵ٵˣЩãǲ˭նɱӰȥ٣ħͷܺһЩǲЩΪ͵Ŀ˶֡
²ǲ֣Ǿò㣬նɱЩΪˣ˶Ϊնɱͬһ˲;ҶСЦЦ˵
ȷʵҪҪҲһС壿񾳺ڸأкܶͶǡŹâ˵ƺµӡ
ҶСҡҡͷҲϲ鷳ǺۣҪҵĵûʱ䡣
¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫ
ΪҶСۼ֣С;һԶԸܶǵõЩعҲ
ҾûһСΪ˵һЩ˵һ䡣
Ǻǣÿ˶Լ·Ҫߣҵ·ǧѰԼĵռҪնɱԼһС壬ΪѾڣռѾԱ֮ҶС绺˵˵
Ĳ׼С𣿡Щĵʵ
ҶС˵ͷ
Ǻðɣʧ˵ҲԼ·Ҫߣ˵ҪΪֻɱɣеҪһС
ҶСȻȫʵĲ죬ֻܶԴźܹԺҶСͬˡ
֮ҶС뿪뿪ǳأһ¶ÿһ㣬һ۹⿴硣
ҶСչļѾټ˺ܶʧˡ
ҪΪΨնɱ֣ҲôնɱģǾС飬С塣


2216 ҶС
֮·ǧǧÿһһʽÿһ˶ʺԼ֮·
еʺսսͻԼ֮£Ծ޴вѹͻơ
ҲЩϲ徲Ϊɽɲоɽţ˪ɽҶ긴һ꣬ճϦʱ䣬ڼžݼ
ЩھĳЩ󳹴ֱӽӴعΪ
ҶСзʽ˸Ӳͬ˲ôԣ˵ףģļģԼ档
ҶСҪʼ˽ÿһĿ
ҶСɫɳۣһͷڷɢԺ˿ɣռ䣬ÿһطһʱ䣬ʱܿܿУŸײ֮˵ᣬȻҲѰԼĿꡣ
ֻҪǶԼˣնɱаԵʹߣʱĻʱħ
ҶСһ·ȻкֶܶΪϧ˺֮ûԵķֽߣ˭ǿ˭ƻ˭ˡ
ԺܶͻĹϮҶСЩȫնɱԼҪع򣬲Ҫȫ˷顣
ȻҶСĶعѾ֪ܶܶ߶֪һɫɳۡķˣΪĪ⡣
ΪҶСʵܶҶС룬Щĸ֣ʧĸ֣ҶСܾˡ
һʼʱ򣬻мвҶС磬ҶСնǼҲûǸвҶС硣
ҶСһĳķΧڣЩΧڣ춼ǰݷãЩ񾳺ڵ춼ҶСͿġ
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Щħͷײޱȣ˾ɱһЩħͷ˻˺飬Ȼʳ⣬ѪײеĿ¡
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ÿ͵ӣҶСΪһִӣƺھɱ¾̫Ĳ֣ڿִӣһһְο
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ٴһ䣬䱯ޱȣһħͷȼźɫ棬ڴɱ¾
һĻҶСƽıˣһŭֱӳǸħͷǰһ֮£ǸħͷֱӱնɱΪһ֮һع򣬶عҶСûա
Ѿһ㣬ܶ˶ʹޣƺһ־һֺ⣬ƺǶƬصĺ⡣
ҶСĸǱˡ
뿪䣬ҶСƺĳضľУ˫Ŀ񣬿ʬһ㡣
Ȼıܻӵеģ״̬ҶСһֱ˶ʮ졣
ҹͻȻ䣬ҶСϱǿҵĹââҹе£һΰһ̵ҶСԺ飬
˫Ŀеâת档
ˣԭͲռ䣬ϣҪΨУһߵ̬ı仯ʼһģܶ۵ɱҲҲܿܿеһԱԶԶûдﵽָ߸ϵľ硣ҶСӾӨ͸


2217 ͻ
ҶСͥڹâ䣬ɫƺͥռ䶼Ⱦ˽ɫʥޱȡ
˼ѱһ˲䣬ӤҲ˾޴ı仯þӨ͸ûһ˿ʣּҶСò˶೤ʱͻͻƵ񾳺۷徳硣
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ҶСһ·߶˺ܶܶĿճǣټֶеߣЩ˲ٱնɱǱͶһЩ
ش󣬲֪򣬲֪ص㣬ҶСֻһ·ߣڵصٹע֪ԼλʲôطǴǴЩСȡ
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ڼ׾Ϊصһ֧飬һȨ죬նࡢһйȨҪǸЩ䷴͢ˣ˵ֵµĸֶ಻
ԴӴֱǾͶˣնɱ֮ˡ
ҶС粻ĿͶЩڼ׾ǵǺֻܶ࣬һٶˣһǸ֣񾳺ڸ֣кöڵǿߡ
ɢһɹɷƺѾ۳ʵʣȫƣ˿
ʱһӸֳ֣һӸһ죬ϴſ֮ɫЩ˶ʧĸ֡
˭һ۶ܹռַȹѾˣûһĵ쵼ʧĸʲô£һ˿ԼϵʣƺڸΧˣҾ֮ˣܹ
һӸֳ֣ڼ׾дһߣƺЩܹڼ׾˺ܲͷ
ÿ䣬һ֣Щһǿޱȣһ𺳵ĸо
ҶСɨ䣬ĸ֣Ȼûһ񾵵ģΪͶ񾳳ڸ֡
һĻҶС΢΢һ̾ô񾳸֣ô֪˶ٸ֡
ͻȻ䣬ҶСоüĿͶ˹Ťͷȥ


2218 Ц
ڼ׾УüĿͶ˹Щ˵ĿУƺһֵ̬ȡ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣漴üͷʮֻ˵ڼ׾Ǵûм˿Щڼ׾̬Ⱦ̫Ѱζˡ
ǷǵĿⱻҶСڼ׾ִǵĶ߳˶񾳺ڸ֣ϵϢܲȶ
ԶԶûҶСϵôȣعΪԶûԼߵȶˡ
ǷҶ˵㡣߹΢΢°ͣҶСʵƺһ־Ӹµ̬ȣһֵĲ
ҶС΢΢üо߲ơ
ʲô£ҶСûгǷҶҲûзԣֱʵ
˾һߣҾɣǾȻԴԼ̬ȣҶСҲûбҪǺɫ
ʲô̬ȣһڼ׾ŭҶСʵһֻʣǶŵڹ⣬ƺҪһ㡣
Ҫô嶯Ҫһڼ׾˶ԷȻĿͶҶС磬Ƕ˵Ĵ֪ûȤǺڼ׾
ڼ׾ҶС¶һ˿ĹŹ֮ɫ֮ˣڼ׾նɱ֮ˣôܹڼ׾أ
֪Ҽ󣬻ᴦһʲôλãҶСϴһ˿µʵ
ʮλáڼ׾˵
ʮ찡ҶСҡҡͷǵһλãҵǻῼһЩ
Բѣƾ㣿Ǻڼ׾ѾǸˡղǸ˵ܳĺڼ׾˵
ôҲҪˡҶС絭˵
㡭ڼ׾ŭ˵ϱ˿µһ׼ֵӡ
ҶСͺڼ׾ĳͻΧǶһϷ̬ȿһС
ڼ׾ôı˼Ҽ룬Ҳһ㡣
ѾԵϰˣο˼ǸԵһЩΪ¶ƺԺڼ׾ЩǸԶŭںڼ׾Ǽɵޱȡ
Ĳһ𣿡һ̬ȻǺͰĺڼ׾ֶҶСʵ䣬ƣƺֻҪҶСܾͻɵĳ֡
ûеҶСشһ
û뵽õĺڼ׾Ҳ۵ʱǾȻ֮˼ǵĶ飬һЦ
һһȫɫ۵ĶУЩ˶ʧĸ֣ÿΪܸߡ

Χ΢΢һ㶣ͬʱЦҪ֪ڼ׾ڼնɱ֮ΪΣû뵽ǿˣΪҶСռеĸ֣˲ҶС롣
ڼ׾ɫһ䣬һĹâ
֮ˣƵĺڼ׾ֶҶСʵ
йϵ𣿡ҶС糰Ŀһۡ
ܻ֪ҶСһ֮ˣʱ䣬ŭʤǾȻҲᱻƭҶСص̫ˣҪʧһЩʶҶС硢ҶС硢¸ûܹϳ
ڼ׾أû뵽ٺٺ١ղǵٴ
һƺһļơ
ҶСбųһĹâֱӶնȥٶȼ죬һƵʹǵȻֹԷ˵ˡ
ҶС飬ʧֶ֪֪ܶҶСõϸʱĶ˶˺ܶࡣ
ղǸ˶붼뽫̶ˮˡ
㾹ȻƭǺڼ׾ղӺܳĸֱӳ֣һɽɫвɺɫųҶСƶ
ּҪҶС׽ȻٶʲôµֶΡ
ҶСһһĳûһ˿һε
ǡ
ǽɫɺڼ׾һӱҶС˳ȥ
һĻΧ˶ˣƺ𾪵ĿһĻ
ղڼ׾Ҳһ񾳺ڸ֣ȻҶСһƻˣʲôʵ
ڼ׾¶һ˿ļɵ֮ɫĬһһڼ׾˵ϣ㲻ҪС
仰˵Ǳص˺ڼ׾ĶУҶС˵ĸֶݺݵĵһҶС磬ƺЩʵʵĴ˺ڼ׾С
ҶС΢΢Ƴһۺڼ׾ȻĿͶǽɫĹ˵Ǻڼ׾ҲܹκԷֵ̫Ļúڼ׾ʹ˳
ԭģһնɱ񾳺ڸ֣һѾҪ񾳺۷ˡ
ΪѾ񾳺ڣҪȻҲһڼ׾ˡ
пܣַҵ磬һˣ϶ʲô˵
ҶСֵӣΧһЩ˷׷ۡ


2219 Ѩ
ҶС磬ܶ˶˵˵˹°Զʵǿ󣬲ϲ˽
ЩǴԣĺ֪ҶСʵҶСһһúֶܶü
ҶСֳʵ紫˵еɲ⣬ܶ˿ҶСĿУ˼ɵ⣬һ˿΢΢Ŀֻš
ʱҶСǳ׵ĵЩڼ׾ڼ׾ֱҶСһˣӡ֮ڲΪͷϷǽɫâֵĶǡ
ǷҶΪȷʵûȤǣʱղҶСͺڼ׾ֵߵٴδ˹ƺһ˿˿ĺȤ
ҶСֻĿһۣȻջĿ⣬Ǿ棬Ǹ˲Ҫϴġ
ʱ佥ţиֵĻⶼҶСתƵǽɫâֵķΧϣͻȻֵ˺졣
ڳʱǽɫâɢȥصǽɫҲʧҲʧˣֻʣһƬߵƽԭƽԭ֮ϣһѨ֣Ѩаγһ״Ķ
еͬһʱ䣬ֱӷɱѨܱߡ
ǽɫâ̫ˣķ˴ĶǾôˣ¡
ΪڵϾȻ˺ĶѨ
ǰǻʼҵĽأǽֹµ顣
Ѳǽʲôܲɣ
Χܶ˿Ķʱ
Χ˵ĻҶС˫ĿŹâƺҪ̴˰ͨ͸ϧͿ͸ƺʲôһ㡣
ղŲǰǽɫâǴѨ緢ģعǽɫͨգⶴѨУ֪Ѩоʲô˵Ķ
Ϊô£ҲǶѨееֻĬĬĹۿţûһ˽롣
ȥҲǰ취Ҫ˽ȥ̽һ¡һ˵
Ȼ˶ģû˸ðգδ֪ʱﶼе
˵ɣ£˭Ըȥһԣ˳˵
ٺ٣򵥣ҵġ
һͬʱһɫâʧһӰԶȥʮʱ䣬ǵӰͻع飬ʮߣЩ߶ʥĸ֣ǵΧƶ֮ˡ
Щƶһֺ֮ɫѣǲϵĿ޺ģûᣬ˶ۿһС
ǿʵǰС˾Ҫ۸ǰԱȫû˵ߡ
ٺ٣⼸ȥһԡɭһ£йâʧʮƶѨȥ
ʱҶСһһεʮһӾͬʱƶʮ֮ĵط
ǵΪ̫ˣԲʲô㻹ȥɣҶС˵һӣղ߾ͱҶС͵ѨС
ҶСֵٶ̫ˣ˾ôܹӦ⣬˶ûзӦһ֮ɫĿҶС磬ƺû뵽ҶС羹Ȼһ档
ʲôȻǵ˽ȥȻʵǿ󣬵ҲܶԿˡʱһΪոͻ񾳺ڵĸֶҶСһŭ˵
˺գһӾ͸ҶСһñӣ˵ҶСҪԣߣʮ֡
Щ˺͸ղֶһģͬ飬ҶС磬ƺһʵ
ҲȥͬǣǺãҳȫҶС絭һЦӰ˲ʧ񾳺ڸ֣һӱһεǣںڵĶѨУɵɡ
ţҶС֣ǸˣһӽڵĶѨУһֲǸȫӽȥݵļơ
㡭Ҫʲô
Ҳ̫Եˡ
ѵΪû˵ĵطˣ
Ǹ˷׷׺һǺˣǿ־壬ΪҶСôǰǲǳֵģû뵽ҶС绹ǹϳˡ
ۿҶСΪûһ˵ǰͲҶСͽǸȫӽȥ̽̽ǸѨе
ˣҶС缸¹Уȫ˽ȥ
һкҶСصԭλãɫ糣ƺʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
ܶ˿ҶСĿΪɵˣǿҶС¹ţϲŭ޳ȫûй˼ɣΪ¡
ΧЩ߿˿ҶСȻ󶼽ĿͶѨУûһ˵ƬؼžĿ£ǶϸһжǸѨУǷʲô


2220 ؿռ
ؼ䣬žĿ£˵ȴ˺þãȻûκͷһƬء
ûû˲֪ʱͻȻ䣬һǺĶѨд
ʲôȻ̺ǿĹ򡣡
һаһĨ˷ܣ˶óһǸղҪЩƶӽȥֵ
׬ˣ׬ˡ
ǵٴδ˳
ѨѨΧЩ㿴ңҿ¶һĨȣһ˿̰
ݡ
ڣһҲܲסջˣɽѨС
˿һĻҲ׷׽Ѩһһ
ҶСһֱûжƺ˼ʲôղ˵ֱӽȥ˺óʱ󣬲ſʼ˵ģô˵ǸĿĵغľԶ
ѵڵɣ
˼ʱѾû˸֣ԲʮڣֻʣһˣĸȫѨС
˿ΧҶС绹ȥȥԶ֪
ǺĶѨ󣬰ֱӽ˽ȥΧããһƬ˿̣ƺʧȥʱĸҲǲ˷
ҶСչ鿴ƺ֮չˣһּΪصĸоҶСԼҲ˵
ããһƬУʱļƺ˼ô
ڣǰͻȻ䣬һƬһƬ޵Ŀռ䣬ȫûɼҲޱȣߵá
ƬռУһööָ׸ǴСľƯЩ̺żΪŨعɵĻԻΪ
ʱе˶ռ䣬ôľ󣬼е߶ˡ
ģȻģЩ̺ŨĹ򡣡
Ͻߡ
һƬؼÿһ˶ˣǶݺݵץȡⷽؼЩ塣
ЩΪ˵õЩ֣Щһɣһץȡ
һĻҶС㶣ȻָܸоЩԾǾȴ˵ƺһֹĸоһжƺõġ
ҶСץһö壬֮ӿ˽ȥЩȷʵǹЩжһЩĪĹ
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫Ŀ˾⣬նɱˣع򣬻һεȡˡ
ѵﲻһССĿռ䣿ⲿأҶСһͬʱ鿴Χ
Խǲ鿴оԽһڲռ䣬ǴָСڲһܴĿռ䡣
뵽ЩҶСϳ֣һεǿ˳̺ع
ҶСµһ£ռݺݵػζţѳһϸ΢ѷ졣
ѷڶֵսתۼ䣬ǼǱһ㣬ƬƬ顣
һĻ˶ֹͣͣ˴򶷣ֹͣЩ塣
ռǳһռУǰһĻǶһ˶ǰһĻˡ
ռУһѪɫݺύЩЩֻͷ˿ôϸȻеıˮͰҪ֡
ЩѪɫȥѪһ㣬䣬ǶܹѪҺ
ЩѪɫϣһСİղƺʹһСİѶġ
һСİһռĻ治֪˶ٸռ䡣
⡭˵Ѫ𣿡˲˵жһֿ־塣
֪
ȥе񡣡
Ѫܣⲻ֪ôǿ󡣡
Ǹʲôķţ˵ܾúܾ֮ǰЩֵͶǳĸߴ󡣡
һĻ󣬺ܶͷƤһ飬˶û뵽ռоȻˡ
ԡ
˵ͬʱϳ֣ɫâҫǧţ·Ƭռ䶼˿һ㡣
ۡ
һѪɫϣѪҺ漴д̶ļƺ˷Ѫһ㡣

һҽ𣬸ղŶֵ֣ƺûעһ㣬һѪҺаЩѪҺ͸ڣȻΪһ̲ѪҺ
ݡ
һһѪɫ˿߷˹ȥ̯̽ѪҺУѪҺһʧˡ
һ̼䣬˶ˣƺû뵽ռоȻ˹죬ЩѪɫҲΪ졣
⡭⵽ôһ£ѪҺȻǿ󣿡˺µ˵
û˻ش⣬˶ŵĿΧһУԼĪɱ


2221 Ѫ
Щֶ񾳵ĸ֣ȻЩѪҺȴһ񾳸̫ˣÿͷƤڷ飬ƺоһ׵ء
ԣѪҺȷʵ̺ǿɱ񾳸֣ѪҺһ̺ʲôֻҪرϵףЩѪҺ룬ǾͲ¡һ˵
⻰۾һɵ˸ղѪҺڻֵһĻ
ʱһرԼףЩѪҺٶǱΪһ̯ѪҺ
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬ضЩѪɫ˿Ҳ΢΢ţƺǻһ㣬һּΪĸо
ʲôôһҷǳ඼ĸо
ԭָֹоҲС
ǲЩѪɫѪ𣿶Ǹ𶯵࣬㲻ﻹһˡһɫص˵
Ѿо˲ԾѪɫ˵Ѫܣ˵ǷŴ˵Ѫܣ˵
ֵĻŹâϸĿѪɫݺύдϸڲѪܽṹһģһ
ȥܹʲô
ͬʱһӸ춯ķȥ
ˡ
ʱֳƵԽԽˣ˶оԼǻھҵţ䣬һֺ⾳
ͻȻ䣬һѪɫѪܶҵ趯ǿ紵һ㡣
ЩѪ̺ǿһޣݺ˳
ž
һ񾳳ڸûע⣬һӱѪܳ˳ȥͬʱѪܽ֯˽ȥ
žžžϴŻֵĲҽ
Ҳ
һѪܽ֯д
ء
ЩѪܽ֯ը˿񾳳ڸ¶˳Ѫģƺͷˡ
˳ϧĶ˲ûоʹ˽΢΢һʱһѪϮٶȼ죬һӴ̴ֵţֵ̰Ѫ⾫ع
ûжú񾳳ڸ־ͻΪޣʧӰ٣ƺûдһ㡣
һĻһأЩѪ̺ǿһ΢ע⣬ͻᱻնɱʹʧ
ҶСҲ¶һ˿ĳ֮ɫ
Ҷעһ㣬ǧҪٱЩѪնɱˣ֪Ϊʲôһֲ̫ĸоһִ˵
еǣЩѪܣо裬и𣬻һ
ǱǰѰǸ𶯵ԴҾǽǹǶģ˵ǱǶԷһˣԷʵͻӡ
ʱҶСͻȻ俪˵ֻ֪Уֻ໥ϲܹһУƾһ˻ǲеģˣһ䡣
ҶСĻ˶˵ͷͬҶС˵
ǰţЩѪʱʱݺݵĹˣ˷˶һһģΧһһ𹥻һԿЩѪܵĹ
ҶСһǰţ²ޱȵĲӣЩѪγɵĳ޸κβ
ʱʱεĹնЩѪܣҲһһһ빥һʱ䣬Ѫ죬һѪܱնϣѪҺ쳣ҡ
ȻǰǰУѧѪԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼˣҲԽԽǿ˵ٶȶ˺ܶࡣ
Ѫܽ֯ɵնһͨ
ˡ
ǿˣƺһַŭҶСܹĸо
ѵ˵滹һ岻ɣ
ݡ
һѪܴſµĹˣƺҪȫնɱŰݡ
䡪
һµܶѪȫѡ
һСʱʱǰЩѪˮͰǰϸֱߡ
ЩֵѪܣ˶֪ڿҪӽĿĵˣЩѪܵĹΪǿҷˡ
˶ЩѪʱǶûע⵽ԼеһЩ֣˫ĿгһĨĹâһĨ
𡪡
ͻȻ䣬˵ĶУʮַҰһĺǵüĳһѪɫС㣬ΪĹ졣
ϱǿĹ˱ʵǿĹȫΧĸֹȥ

һҽܶһʱûвˣֱӱ
ЩֵͻȻ֣ζʱѪܹ
һ̣˵Σˡ


2222 ޴
һĶ飬Σڲⲿ
Щ߶УͻȻֵңеĶ鶼˭Ҳ벻оȻֱʡ
Щƺʧȥңʲôһ㣬˾͹ȫûԼ˼ά
ͬʱЩѪܷĹƺǾһ㣬ϵļΪĬ
ô̶һмʮɥ
Һãʣ˵ĸֶȶһ赲ЩʲôƵߣһ赲ЩѪܵķ񹥻
Ҳʹݡ
ͻȻ䣬ЩƵУһ񾳺ڸִһϱǿޱȵĹâһ˿˿Ĺ˿ߴڱƳͷϵĺʧ˿˺ܶࡣ
Һȫ˹
ôû°ɣղôˣ
ʲô飿
񾳺ڸ˹һЩ˸Ͻʵ֪Ƿʲô顣
ղЩܲףйĶЩǣֻҪǸղɾ˶ᱻɣǵĹ֮ôǿȫ͸֧񾳺ڸµ˵
һУ¶֮ɫԼûżĽЩɣҪȻҲᱻơ
𡪡
ЩƵĸٴηһҰһĺǵͻȻøߴƺͻȻ˺üһ㣬ϵļһһ飬Ӳۼס
Щ˲ǹǷ˺ܶ࣬ۺʵǡ
ȽЩƵնɱҪȻվỵ˴¡
˷׷Ӧ
ȻЩƵĸʵǿޱȣǿĹһնɱ
ҶСҲЩƵ˳ĹΪ⣬ȫΣЩ˼뱻ƣȽϴһƼ䣬ҶСܹնܶ֡
ЩҶСĹ£ڻѪҺҲһ
ҶСôǿĹеļɵ֮ɫΪŨˡ
ĿռУһɫâһ㣬ֽɫƺƵ·µգ͸һǿĴ͸

һҽдûжüЩȫնɱԲڣЩѪҲȫڡ
ȫֲ֣̫ǿˣƣкƺУЩǿѪҲ벻
Щֺ˶һЩвܴ
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ϣһƬһ޴ޱȵɽһ㣬ѹ˹ȥ֮ЩѪȫ顣
ʱн֣ÿһǿߣУ񾳺ڸֶкܶܶ˵Ϊһ壬ŷΪǿΰ
һʼ˶ЩѪܵĹǺ˽⣬ǳıŶЩѪܵĹ˽˾飬֪ôԿЩѪܡ
Ǿ˺ͷҧЩѪܱ㶢סҶС磬һѪ飬ҶС繥˹
ּƣƺҪҶСնɱȻȡҶСڵع
飬ѪܣҶСһ̼䣬ͷƤҲЩ顣
˫ĿͻȻɫĹâһء
˫ּһӡƬ˲飬һƬ˲γɣǻΪɫƺնȼˡ
̡
ЩѪȫȼҶСΧĿռԽԽ
ƺǳ»һ㣬ϽˣһżĽ
˵Ϊǿˣƺһֽ֮ɫ
ҶСĶĿ׷Ч£ʱ䣬һƬƬɫγɣգеѪܷ׷ȴ
˶û뵽ЩѪܾȻ»档
ʲôͻȻ䣬һ
˷׷ȥֻǰһǧ֮⣬ܼѪУһȷݻҪĶǶ״һ࣬һţƺǻһ㡣
Ȼģ
һࣿ
ѵһ˵ڣ
ǸȷݻҪС࣬˳Ծѣͬʱ
ôôһô£˷ʡ
أǵ˸ǰ֪ôˡ
϶Ŧǵǿģܹ֪һЩˡ
Ϊԭ˵Ĺǿˣɫһ·ЩѪܾܷ趯ȴٽ棬ƺɾ޴Ĵˡ
˰ססס
˾Ҫǿǰˣǿȸ˲١
ء
ЩѪȫը˿ѪҺת˲䣬ϻͱûЩѪҺƺĳתһ㣬ȫתΪ˽ɫĺ
Ƭռʱȥһ޼ʶǽɫһž޴ڽɫĺϿղʮֹ졣


2223 ɫӰ
޴仯ʱĿռҲ˾޴ı仯ռҵĻζĳȡܶԴɽùͺͺȻѡ
кܶʧȥ㣬ƺһ̲ˮ
һĻ·Ϻܶ˶ˣǸʣĸ֣Ƕڹעصı仯һ֮ɫ
ǿռ佫Ҫװ
ʧսĺܶ࣬Ҫָޱȡ
ôͻȻ䷢飬ѵ˵ƬռҪˣ
֪벻ǰǽɫĹûйϵ
ܶ˶׷صľޱÿأţƺƬռͻȻѣǿռѵĹоʹ
ͨµǸռУɫοȫ۶ɵʵޱȡ
ǿ·һħ̥һ㣬ϵţڲϵؼȡ
죬Ȼᷢ飬ѵ໹˼άɣ
Ҳ֪ǿʲôǿĶ
ͻȻı仯˶ˣһгǵ֪ѪҺȻתΪ˽ɫΣ¡
ߣȥǿ฽ȥ
һ񾳺ڸ˵Ŷʮֲǽɫǿȥ˶Ź̬ȣǲûж˭֪ᷢʲô顣
Ȼ񾳺ڸǱȥģ˵ᷢʲô
ˡ
ǿǿһ𶯲ˮĲһƬռе
ۡ
У񾳳ڸ⵽شһ㣬һɫ԰ףһѪЩ񾳺ڸƺһˡ

ͻȻ䣬Ƿ·ǿʲôµĶһ㣬Щ񾳳ڸַĺ漴ѿѪ飬Ȼ˽ɫС
ʣĸָϽطɱڻĹУһֱ˽ɫУֻʣ񾳺ڸ֡
ǿɫήңƺһ޴սһ㣬۾¶ֻ֮ɫ
ղŷʲô飿ôӣѯʵ
񾳺ڸ촽£ƺܺһ㣬ûдӸղֻ߳
þãһ񾳺ڸֲŻ˵ǿжһźܴĵǸиȶʵ̫ˣֻһۣǺޱߵž޴ĥѡ
˶һĬͬʱ˼¡
Ǳ͸оƺʲôµĶû뵽ȻһӦʲô׼ѱǶûаĺô
Ѿռˣȱڴ½ĺĵҪ뿪ֻдռ䣬Ǵǿ֮࣬⣬û취ˡһŹâ˵Ѿ鿴ΧĿռ䣬Ѱ뿪İ취
˵ֻдǿˡ
ʱͻȻ䣬ɫɫӿȣ͸һأһ־޴Σ
ڽɫʱһɫӰ֣ƺع;ޱȵγɵġ
Ϣأ˿ǵΪʵֻսʱ֪ҶСҲ͸ˡ
֪ЩɫӰȻûʵ壬ôս϶ֻع
תۼ䣬ɫϱվĽɫӰһֽɫӰǿػƺ±˴һ㣻һ߶
ôĽɫӰ˶ͷƤ飬غͿɬ
ȻôĽɫӰѵЩɫӰѾȥĸγɵģɻѯʡ
ϧûΪ˶ĿͶЩ޾ĽɫӰ
ڿҪǰʱЩɫӰϳ֣һɫĹϱ˳Ǹ־ͨǵأ˹
ƣռ䣬ЩеǿޱȣҲеĺСɫӰʵ̫ˣۼһ𣬾ԵЩǿޱȣһҪȫѹ˼
ֻֿժǳ
һ񾳺ڸһһץһɿؼ˿ۣһֻ޴γɣǰȥЩνͨһһ顣
¡
ķ
նɹ⡣

Ҳ׷׳֣ǶԼΪǿ󹥻ǵصĹΨȫ֣ҪȻ͵ɣ
ȻҶСҲûţķռ䣬ֻҪйƿصһΧڣᱻֽΣƺһҶСΧ
ǳķ֮ˣŲȽɫΣǰߣǿž޴ȥ


2224 ڲ
ҶС紩¹ѾЩɫӰǰƺҶСΪŭˣܶɫӰצ˹
µĹҶСкƺҪҶС򱬡
ĹҶСĿϬܹҵ֮ε֮ǿܼĹдһͨ
֮ЩɫӰҶСɢˡ
һѾ˽ɫӰĶڣҶСѣԶЩ߿һĻ۾ǲôԶĹ޼£¹ǧ꣬Ҳӡ
ڽɫӰеĻͲһˣӿֱնЩɫӰҪȻǵĹͶԷĹˣʹﵽ˽ɫӰǰ
Щһγɼ׶ΣѶһ㣬ݺݵĴ˽ɫӰС
ЩɫӰУĴսʼ
ǣӳԼǿĹܹܽɫӰȻһƬƬĵ¡
ҶС缸һֱǰУ˫ֲϵĻӶεһӶЩɫӰһѶѱҶС飬ɳһ㡣
Ѿնɱ˺ܶˣЩɫӰȥһ㶼ûм٣һ˵ơ
ѵЩɫӰ޾һ㣿ҶСȻüͷž⣬ЩɫӰ
һҶС˵ԭˣɫ󲻸ɿЩɫӰͲϣɫǿƵģҪǿ飬ҪЩ޾ĽɫӰԿսǧ꣬һ
һսһת˵ЩɫӰնɱ꣬ǻǳǿɣֻдǿܹ࣬׵ЩɫӰ
˵ҶСתߣһ㶼ͣ¹˳ǰһͨǰ
ǿ·Ǹܵ˼в𶯵Ƽ죬һӶһʮ£ԶԶƵʡ
ҶС綼оԼڸǸƵһӱҶСסˣЩɫӰΪǰҶСƺҪסҶСǰĵ·
һ硣
һ˫ֽһӡʱ䣬ΪģԲ׵Ŀռ䶼ݺݵ
һ΢΢𶯣ƵʼߣɲǼ䣬ǿռݻ˻磬ΧڵнɫӰȫʧЩɫˮҲʧΧڵĽɫˮҵķ
ҶС˫ֵĽΪɿռ䣬γһµ״ȻҶСݺݵش
תۣһͨγɣҶСһѾ˾ǿž޴һ׵ĵط
ǿҶСǿڲƺһĸַģЩһЩҶСкܶ඼ʶ֪ĹЧ
ҶС֪ǾһתķģܹĸܵнɫعתΪһȻע뵽ĵһԲεĶϡ
һԽһ׵Բ壬ǷŴļ
ǸԲУ̺öҶС𾪵ЩȫγҺ壬һӰԲУ񾳸˵ȷʵһ
һӰƺ𶯶һĪĸо
ǿ࣬ҶСܵ˼ΪϵϢƺسʹһ㣬ڲǵӰȴҶСûָо
ƺǵӰʱϢ
ѵ綼ռȵҶС
ǿٶȶȻӿܶ౶ܹƽع
һ꣬ꡣ
ƺ֪ҶС絽ڲǵӰȻ˫ĿѹԵĿҶС
Ŀƺʹһԣһɽѡݵĸо
־ᶨˣ϶ֱӷˣҶС̹Ȼԣ·֮Ŀдаݡһ޼ʵ棬ããޱߵĺ
ҶСƽ֮ӡ
ΪҲǺܸߣҲǷ۸֣һΪ˷ǿߵĽޣ
ҶСΪĴ̼Щ֣һ˿µһƬƬɫӰ£ǸϽǰЩ־ҶСλҲԽԽ
ȻЩǰҲûдۣһ񾳳ڸͨ͹ײĹߵԽԽ١
ҶСȻ֪ûйܺĶһߺڲǵӰĿԿһߺΧЩɫӰԿʱ㡣


2225 
ҶСǿڲǵӰ˫ĿӼ䣬ΧɫθͣĿ޴ѹ£һɹɽɫˮ
ռ䶼ڲǽԼȫ˫ĿУǾıƴһֵ໥Կ
Ƭռһ·Ǵ𶯵ݵ˶УĵףֱӶ˵һϢĴ
ҶСǵӰĶԿѾƴһɫ֮γɣһΧûһɫӰ졣
ѾҪҶСǰǵĹҲޱȣʧ˺֣ܶǳЩɫӰķǰ˺ܳһξ롣
䡪
ͻȻ䣬ҶСǿ֮ռѱ䣬һڵѷ죬һɿֲĹâһɹâƺŻֻܡ
ԲһڣЩɫӰȫʧҶС˳˶ʮ֮ԶǿƺҲݺһڲǵӰƺø˼֡
û뵽СУȻôǿĸ֣һݶڲǵӰ
ӦǴǰľɣҶСͬһ񲨶Źâ
û뵽㾹Ȼôⶼܹµǵ͸¶һ˿Ȥ֮ɫ
ⲢѲ£ǴǾƹֻоʸռеԴɴ˲Ѳ³ֻоΪߣطǴ棬ֻоǸҶСǻ۵Ĺâ˵
㻹ҶЩ᲻ɱˡǵӰҶС˵ȷʵǴľǵһľͰɽҴ˵ģϧʼղܹﵽ߾ˣռеعעһС
֮·ռܣܿͻƵǸ۾磬˵ܹͻƵߵľ磬ϧ칫﷢˱仯ǵע⡣˵ţǵӰͣ˵ˡ
ûв´ĻռĺģҲ֧ռеŦǿ࣬ƺҪһ춯صϧ㷢ˡҶС綢ǵӰ˵
ҶСĻǵӰ˫ĿбųϬĹâû뵽㾹ȻҲ֪
ǸһЩ˿²ġҶС絭һЦ˵
ȻѾ֪һУôӦףֻҪľͿԳΪ֣һͳռ䣬ռ磬ֻҪڳң赲סЩˣͻƺһΪʱ򣬺һƬأڶҶ֣Ƴ࣬ռ䶼µʱҲһңôǵӰƻ
˵
ҶСҡҡͷÿһ۶˷ɽɸߴʤοҾͼܶۼǿߣԺδزܴﵽǸ磬Ҿռ飬δزӳ
ô˵ҪĺˣǵӰɫĶҶС˵
ҶСᶨ˵ͬʱһɿµĹâǿࡣ
ǿֻ𣬸ӲޱȣûκεĶ
ռĺģҪ࣬൱ҪĿռ䣬ͲܣǵӰЦƺͲҶСܹ࣬ĵȶ
ʱ˶ѾҶС紦ͬһˮƽϣǿڲӰʱж¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ȼղ񾳺ڸ˵һӰۼ󣬾һܡ
ȻһӰ
ѵӰǵõ⻯ʵԻܶ౶
һ߹ЩɫӰͬʱǿڲǵӰ¶һ˿̰֮ɫ
ܴǿ𣿡˻ɵ˵ƺһĶûС
ǵӰģռеĸ֣֮£ǿռĺģ̺žޱȵعܹȡ侫ΪԻӣȫûиá
ʱҶС绺˵ŲЩŲţ˫лһķ˫ּγɣȻûա
ҶСĻܶ˶ѡţҲһЩҶСĻ󣬸ȷԼĲ³
ǿ࣬ƣΪǵõЩ߳
˴һ˵Ʊ
ҲеǷ˷֮ɫһµĹ͸գǿ๥ȥ
ǿΧһεϸߣЩϸƺǸ޴Ŀռ䡣
˿µĹ˹ˣǿ˾ҵĲ⣬ûʲô仯ƺͺ䲻ơ


2226 
ռĺģѾǸںΪһ壬ҪƾǴǸռ䣬ʱǸռǧ񶼻ڿռǿҪˣ
ڲǵӰһɺƺƵľ񲨶˳˶һ仰
仰˶һݵ𾪹һǼᶨ֮ɫǵĹǿƺͲںǸռǧ˵
Զ̰ģ˭ǿõ˲֪ľ
ֻҪõЩΪ
µĹһһ̼䣬˶ЭǸռĸ֣ʧĸ֣ǶһͬĿ꣬ǿࡣ
µĹ·ǿ籩һңǿȻҵĲţǸû𺦡
ǿڲǵӰ¶һĨЦһĨмƺͲЩܹࡣ
˺ǿ󹥻ЩɫӰ޷Ǹոտͱǿֲδɢˡ
һСʱʱ˶˺ܶ࣬ǣǿȻʣûбƣһɫ˼㣬ƺЩɥ
ʱҶСѾͣһв֪һööģЩĶգ󷨸ֵˣҪȻͿ
ҹʹǿֻ࣬неĹΪһпܡʱҶС翪˵
ҶС绰ƺ˺ܶˣе˶עҶС磬Щ˵Ľ㡣
ôˣͬϵοûоͳһѵȻܹһ𡣡˷ƺҶС˵ľǷϻ
ѵʲô취ʵͬʱ¶ϣĹâǶϣ˭а취⣬ܹǿ࣬עòЩΪĶ
ڴĿ⣬ҶСЦЦ˵Ѿﲻ֪һ󷨣ܹǽеĹۼһ𡣡
˵ţҶСһһööķľͳƬء
Щģܶ΢΢һ𣬿ҶСӼɵˣҶСʵǿޱȣҾͨ󷨣˸ǲ
ڴֻҪԼȫעǷľСҶС͵
ϧ鲢ûеõ˵Ͽɣеĸ֣㿴ңҿûһ˶ƺҶС粼һ塣
㣬ЩɫӰĹҪˣ׼ٵҲõ󷨡ͻȻ䣬ҶСɫһ˵
˿˿ܣȻˣܶɫӰĹĿƺһ󷨣˵󷨶ǿв
һ񾳺ڸҧҧ˵ȻһӳһöԣѾԼ
Ҳ
һһܺõشͷãһЩԣܶ˶ҶС飬ʣµЩҡڲˣҲͬ
Ƭؼ䣬ǰһöģöĹâ
ʼеĹע뵽УҪҪȻͺ䲻ˡҶСһ˵
ҶСĻ䣬ͬһʱ䣬еߺޱĽԼȫЩС
ʱ䣬һööĹâʢ͸һֹӵζ·нĳת
ҶСһУ˫һӡƺʲôһ㡣
ʱڲǵӰƺ쵽ǿҵΣУͻȻ˫Ŀ˫ĿбųĹâҶС硣
ơ
ҶСͻȻ䱬һзϵĹâȫʧȻ䣬һƷ·ǿӴϸĹâγɡ
һâ͸ļµ˶ܹоϢ
һ̼䣬ǵϸϸĹâƺʱռƣһӹǿϡ
ؼ䶼һҵ𶯣һööķȫѣƺ֧ŲסղЩת
һ̼䣬ǸռУɽҡض𶯣˿µƺͻȻݣռ䶼Ҫһ㡣
ܶ¶֮ɫһĻ
Щڵĵطɫƺǧһ㣬ЩɫӰȫʧ
ѵղŵĹûãƺûʲô仯һЩʧ˵
϶ãѵûзǿѾԺ˱仯𣿡
仯ʲô仯ɻ˵ƺûвʲô仯
ֹͣı仯һ񾳺ڸ˷ܵĹâ˵
һҲϣĹâ
ˡ
ʱͻȻ
ô£ѵǿ໹û𣿡
ǿࡣ
˵ǸղŵĹãҪȻҲֹͣ
ܶ˶ʱ
ǡ
ûúϸ΢ȻϸСȴĴݵÿһ˶С
ˣѵһ˷ܵ
϶ˣ
ҲôظˣΣлֵѣ¼£ҪʧˣĽʼˣͷ۸֣


2227 ռ
ϸ΢𣬼϶˷֮ɫһϣÿ˶ŵĶǿࡣ
ǣһǿž޴ޱȵѳһѷ죬Ӵޱ۵˼ɢ˳
ǶѵڲǵӰ׵ķˣܵ˼в飬ûôྫĲ䣬һжһ
ǵӰĺһǿľ񲨶ǵؾƺɢŻ˻ǵ

һҽܶ񾳳ڸ־ȫɢֻʣһ߾ǣһЩܵ˴ˡ
ǿѾһѷ죬ֻҪٴιͻὫǿơʱҶСһ˵
ҶСĻҵȺ·Ƿһ㣬һ˿µĹǿ࣬ǺҶСìܵĺڼ׾Ҳһǿࡣ
һâʱգ̺ǿޱȣʱյ
ǡ
ǿ϶һѷ죬ҲôˣޱȿµĹУѷ콥һƾðɢ˿
ܶ˲һʱڵƺתΪҲ˺ܶ౶
ֵһЩָΪƴ˴ĹӵĿ¡
ǲֹֹͣͣһϵҫһһСʱڲǵӰھƺʲôΪµҪһ㡣
ҶСĿһĻ֪ǵӰڲȻܵʲôƣͳܹǿڲĶȫա
ǡ䡪
ǿž޴ϣһѷ࣬漴ȫը˿ֻʣöԲε壬ԲϣѾѷ죬ѷ컹󣬾ع򲻶ɢ˳
жһ֣һҪС
¡
ʱͻȻؾ죬Χһڵѷ֣ռ·һ顣
ʱҶСһ˲öԲǰ棬һ£Բ˲顣
һץһľع򶼱ץߣͬʱӡ
Щޱȵعռ˲֪ľУΪԼ
Щ˴ָ󣬸Ͻʧ
֪ܹ̫̰ҪȻȺЩȻ£ԷͲòˡ
ռ黹ôһζʱ䣬ôһζʱУҪܶ鰡
˶ۺˣһ׷׷ɱʣµžƴš
ȻҲ˽ﵽҶСϣ׼ҶСϧҶСʵǿޱȣǸͲ׽ҶСӰ
ģǻҵһУҵϣȥɣͻȻһŭǵӰͻȻøߴޱȣһը˿˿µܡ
ʱ䣬Ƭռз籩𣬿ռȫ飬һֱ޴֮ڵѷУ֪գʧ磬ҲֱӱµĿռ籩
ҶСҲһǹ֮ںڵѷУƬռȫ飬ƺûгֹһ㡣
ǿ˲䣬ڵǸռ䣬һһѷبؼ䣬תۼͲռ䡣
һ̼䣬ر飬ɽռ䶼ڱ飬ܶΪµˣֿµѹһ̲Ѫˮ
ǿռŦǿˣռҲȻҪ顣
عѣʧеһжһƬҡ
תռͶˣЩֱµĿռ֪֮˺η
Ǹռ䳹׵ʧˣ磬Ӵ˺ҲûǸռ䣬һˮһ㣬ˣԶٴˡ
ʱʧ磬¥̨Ŀռ䣬ͻȻҵ¥̨𶯲ֹ·Ҫˡ
һ˲䣬ʧĸֶһһĿͶ˺ƽԭķ򣬻ЩֱӸ˹Ƿʲô顣
ԴҶС˲μѡѾʮˣʮΧܶ˸ֻĬĬĵȴŹעŹ¥̨ϵΡ
˶û뿪һ߾͵һ߿ЩǸռֵ
˸ոսǸռУ˵ֶ˹¥̨¥ϡ
ʱʧһʧЩֵʧζЩѾ׵ˡ
һֵΧһЩɫѿѣЩвʧľӢǼΪҪϧȻˡ
¥̨﷢𶯣˺ܶˣһ¾͵ĳϢĸǶˣǶ׷ʲô顣


2228 ˲
ղŷʲô飬ĿռôͻȻɻʵ
˶ɻĿܣ鿴ΧһУпռı仯
ô£ôһôˣһһ˿𺳡
仰Χ˶Ťͷȥֻ¥̨¥ϣֶܶʧˣ̶ܹһʱܶǿ߶Ѿȥ
ǸĿռ䷢ʲô飬ôôˣ
ѵǸռ䷢ʲôʣЩֶǱ˿ɱˣ
ܶ˶кܶ¶غͷŭǵ˻
¥̨ԶһɫȹŮӽĿЩ֣þúþãһͷҶû¡
ԷҶΪиͲ飬ʲô˻¸ղǸзʲô޴ıʣҪȻռ䶼𵴵󣬶һôˣһ޴ʧһͷ׷ܲϵЦ˵
ʦѡڽûУССѯʵ
Ҳ֪ýʱȻҡҡͷ˵
ʱ򣬹¥̨¥ϵЩȻ䱬ǿҶõĹâȻͬʱʧ·ûгֹһ㡣
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ССɫ԰ޱȣ΢΢Ĳ
ģͷҶµġССҧ촽˵
仯̫ˣһǸռ䷢ʲô飬Ͳ˶СС㲻ᵣģӦˡܰο
ҲûаЩǻ
һиòǺƽԭĹưɣרŽôֿɱ˵
˼ƺҪֺͺƽԭìܡ
ӦòǣƽԭУҲкֲܶμѡ
Щ˵Ļ׵۳ǳĬüҲ֪ʲôʣ֪ѡûС
ʮһ
ΪѡͿҪˣû뵽ȴ˱ʣ¥еֶʧˡ
˭Ҳ֪Щ
׳£ǺƽԭӦøһɣʱһ񾳺ڸվ˳˵ĿضŰĬ
±һô˲μѡ˶ʧˣ֪ô͡
òǵıɣ
ܶɫƵĶŰĬƺһҪðĬǼҪȻǾͻᶯ֡
йԵ糱ˮһŰĬӿôֵĿ⣬з·һĬʵǿޱȣȻܵѹ
òӦԣ˷μѡˣǺƽԭˣݡĮȵطĸ֣ǺƽԭҲﲻЩ֡
Ĭǰ߳һһɿµƱ˳֮ϵ£ֲѹܣܶ˶ܵ˳صѹһ㡣
ʱе˶ͣס˵֪Ĭ϶лҪ˵
λѡǸϸʱѡθֵĹѡεģοǳĳЩʣϾϸʱ飬ǲǺ˽⣬Ҳ֪ǵֶΣЩֵʧҾӦѡϵͳ˹ϣԲЩ˶ˡ
Ҫ֪նɱô֣Ƿǿ߶һ˲佫նɱţԻиֻŻġĬĿɨ˵
׳˵ǶףЩ˶ʧľӢʧ𣬻ϣ׳һ
һܺ˵ĸ˵
ȻǺƽԭһλһġĬŵ
⻹ʲôýģ϶ǺƽԭıһһƮ˲
ĬɫΪκʱ򣬶ȱЩˮ㣬Ψ粻ҵļһ
ԣ϶ǺƽԭıҪ˵ӦýƽԭƷ֪Щ˲ġ
һ
ߣǷǶԴйۣЩ뽫̶ˮ룬עԸûɵӡĬ˵
Щĵļһ
Ⱥкܶ˶
ʱͻȻһѷ죬һӰѷ׹¡
ء
һӰ˵ϣ˿Ǳޱȣϵ·òһѪ۳֣·ǱʲôĶһ㡣
һ̼䣬˶ֹͣ˵Ƕ֡
ͻȻֵĸ֣˶ܺ档


2229 ʻ
ִӵһԾĿɻĿ˿ܣԼΧһо£һЩ˺ϤʱһЦ·Ƿһ㡣
뿪ǸƵطصʧ硣ָ̾һ˵ָ˿ĿҲָƽ֮ɫΪ˷ˣڲףӦܵĴ̼̫ˣ̫ˡ
ֵܣǲμѡ𣿡ʱԱһѯʵ
ǣҪȻôӡֽͷ˵ƺܹμѡлŻǶôٵһ顣
ǲμѡǸռ䷢ʲô飿һѯʵ
ô֪ڵǸռ䷢飿ɻʵ
ղһ˲䣬¥̨﷢˾ҵȻ¥˵ֶʧˡ
ԭڸողǰڵǸռͻȻˣռӴʧˣе˶޿ռУҲ֪ж˷̫ˣȻֱܹӵµ˵
ֵĻ˲һȻԭǸռ䷢ôıʣռĻ˶Ǹռˣô¥ϵ˲ʧҲ
طʲô飿ǸռôͻȻ飿˺ʵ
ԴͻȻ併ٺΧһƬžû˵һ仰ǶϸĲֵĻ
εǸռ䷢йء΢΢һ̾˵ȻǸռзǸ׳۵˵ˣҽǸռе˵˳ȥ
һĿռ䣬ô˵巢飬ֻЩ˵ĵ˲֪ҪѰһЩЩˡ
ԣһҪҵЩˣ׷ʲô飬һҪҿ
һֵõ˺ֵܶ޳ɣЩ˶ɵЩжϳ˵Ĵ϶ʲôʲô˵ĶҵЩˣȻЩ˽鶼˵һ飬˵ܹõʲôĶ
μĸֹǶѾɢʧطˡ˵
׳֪εѡδθôȥƶʱֽìͷָ˰Ĭ
Ѿ±ǹͬһ£ȻٸһΪҪЩŵ߾ۼĬһ˵
֪׳ʲôʱܹã겻ܹãܹܲȴʱɣ˵
ȻᣬѡδѾ˳ļƻǾһ󣬽һαԣһڣЩμѡĸ֣Ѿܹеһжˣ˭ܹȺۣô˭ǺƽԭĬ˵
ƽЩڽǸطǰΪǿޱȣһĥΪӸ֣ʧƽ˷Ե
˵ҵĳƻʲôڻûпǺã˭ڸĻɱҲĬŷĹâ˵ϱ˿µƣƺӵѹ
ܶ˶ľѣ⻰Ҳû˸ҷˡ
ʮ죬ʮ죬ǱһĽ˶ʵ˺ܶˣĬڸһŵ
ãǶ͸ʮʱ䡣˿˵
ȻЩУҲ񾳺۷ˣȻǿͰĬΪ࣬ĬЩòƱǻʱá
ƽԭܹڵڣ϶ʲôܣҪȻ綼ߴǿˡ
ȻѾˣۼĸȻû뿪ƺȴʲôǵȴЩֵĻع顣
ղŴеµĸѾְܶΧˡ
ЩֲϵѯǸռе顣
ֵΪŵ۷徳磬ѯʵУкܶ඼񾳺ڵĸ֣òĵĻشҪȻ綼ˡ
ֵϸǸռеһУҲ֪Ǹռиֵʧֵ
ȻҶĴֵĴ£ֱһˣԺա
ܶ˶С˼ôǿĸ֣ŹĻһҪùϵǲܹΪѣҲҪΪˡ
ˣͻȻ뵽һ£ղʱǸռˣǸռбĸ֣֪ǻ᲻Ҳųʧ磿Ǹռеĸʧ磬¶ʧһܴĳɫص˵
⻹ΪؼģΪؼЩ˻᲻ٶĹͻơ
ҾͲ֪ˡε˵


2230 
˵ǸռĸҲпܳգܶɫȻ˺ܶĸ־ԻһЩɺܴĳ
Ҳûʲô취ֻһһˡ
ԶܵһССǵ֮ɫȻѾӸղֵĻ֪ҶС硢ˮʲô飬ǣлǵǲѡ
ʦ˵ͷҶʲôʱ֣ССѯʵ
˭Ҳ˵ֻܹǵˣõĻ˵ͻ֣ȻҲпǸʱ䡣˵ֻ˵õһ棬û˵ʱ
ܲĻǻԶεҲؼҵ·
ȻֻǲСС˵Ӱ飬ǡ
Դִн䣬˶֪öһЩμѡĸַ׷·棬Ƕۼ˹¥̨
һ˵ǸռеΪ˵ǸռеһЩ֡
Ǹռеԭ֣ƺͲռһ㣬û˷ʲôټ
˶֪ͲûǸĸֽ磬ΪЩʧټ˷֡
ҲԤʾŸìܽӾ磬ΪԺĴ˻
ȺڵϵһЩ⣬кһЩ
ӣһһСЩΧ໥Լ໥ϵһǿУǾͻûǿеʱЩְн
̫ˣĶ壬Щ뺣Щĸйϸ
֮ҪͳһޱѣѶȼںƽԭͳһķǿҲðôĴͳһϾϵ棬οԻ˭֪лûз۸֡
ףںĵط
ףɽγɵĺУһ֣䣬ЩⲿɢһεĲЩĹâͺʯͷɫһģһʵ棬ͷﻹһƬȺ䡣
ЩУһ󡢵ŵĹڣһŰϣһɫ԰ףڴϡ
һŴԺȵ͸ȻڣȻӿһƬһЩĪϢƺΪԶˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻ˫Ŀ¶һƬɻ漴ָܣ¶һ˿ľ֮ɫ漴üͷ
ﵽʲôطѵǳռ䣿Ҳûлصʧ磿
ȻҶС硣
ǸռѵʱҲ޵Ŀռ䣬һƬڣҲ·ʧȥʱͿռ䣬ﲻ֪¡
ûʱ򣬻пµĿռ籩
޿ռ䣬ҶС籾Ǿ߷ϵȻֱӻصǸ磬ϵϣƺϵжһ㣬ָ򲻿ˣƺʧȥá
󲻵ѣҶСֻ޵Ŀռеε
У˺ܶεĿռ籩ÿһζǱѣ˺ܶ
Ҳ֪˶ٴεĿռ籩һȫˣڿµĿռ籩˺£Ҳ˻С
ѹʱѾôһŴϡ
ѹҶСڵʵǳɫһλòʵĸо
һŴ齱ԵǳɫʣУڷɫľΣЩεŸָĻƣһּΪϣĿĸо
ҶСȻܹЩεƲľȻǼΪɺ֮⣬ռͨһĵطһ鴹
һʾ˵ĸݻ
Ǹ治ȻᱻǹȹҪǹˡ
ǰãǸҲϻһڲͬʡ
ɲҪʲôͷǸĴϣȶλʲô뷨
ͻȻ䣬һ洩˽
ЩҶСˣǱһʲôˣڵĵط¾λʲôĹ뷿
ɢҶС鿴ĶֻſڴϹŮһһվſڣͷϴĵõƬ˼
Ůӵʱ΢΢һ㶣Ůӵʱһβ
㣿ҶС
ˣ˵㣬ѵڶ롣
ǰɣϣǶ򣬶Ŀռ䡣ҶСһȻ鿴Լڵ
ڵʱЦѣһΪֻʣɣоƺЩ΢΢Ť
ʣЩǱռ籩˺ѳӡ


2231 㹫
ƺΪҪָҪܳһʱ䡣ҶС
ҶС绺ӴȻȶһŴкܺõ˹Ч
һŴɢһεڣȻЩԵĿռȫߡ
ʱڵЩԵĿռѾɢĲ࣬һŴ齣ҪȻƿ»ء
ƺǲ˷˶ŮӴ˽˵ߣʵߡβŤ䣬Ǿͻǰܳľ롣
ˣŮӿҶС˹¶˾ϲ֮ɫ
ллλȡҶС˵ͷǳм˵
Ǿ㣬Ǽҹ㣬Ҫл͸лǼҹɣȥҹˡһŮӿҶС˵
ϣβ΢΢һ˦ȻʧˣֻһŮӡ
ŮӺĴҶС磬ƺٿҶСʲôͬ
ôôңҶСʵ
ࣿŮӺʵ
ǰҶС˵ͷʲô֣
ҽк⣬ʲô֣Ůգ۾ʵ
ҶʲôطҶСʵ
ʹ
ҶСһҪŮӻشǲʧ硣
ǲǽ򣿡ҶСٴʵ
򣿡΢΢һ㶣Ȼ󲻶ϵصͷСһ㡣
ҶС糤һǶͳɣ˵ʧ磬硣
ˣǵĹʲô֣ҶСٴʵ
ƺ׼ڻش𣬵ʲôһ仰ˣˣһȥʹ
һһŮ˽Ůĸ͹͹ϸϸֱİ
һͷɫĳһǶտʯʹڴͷ
һ覡ɫǵòüĴָ׸ǴСɫƬһ˿ġ
һƯĵÿǽظ俴ͦԲһ򵥵ǳɫɴֱ¶˳ֻСɵĽѾӲɫʯʵذϣջޡ
Ӧþ㹫ɣҶС
ͬʱ̾㹫ľòģǶ˫ȣֱΪƷ
ô㹫¶һ˿Ĺʵ
ںܶƻԵѾˣڹһʱ䣬ӦûȫлȡҶСм˵
˵ллӦģʵ˵Ҳҡ㹫Цһ˵
ҶСɻĿȻǰ˿µĺʮΣҸоԼҪ˵ʱͻȻ֣һֻҲŵԴ
һҪ˵һллҶСٴ˵
ðɣҽܣ¸ոѹϽָưɣǾͲˡ㹫˵һ仰Ȼ׼Ů뿪
ҶС̲סһ
ʲô飿㹫ĿҶС磬Ƕɫ峺ޱȡ
֪ǣҶСʵ
֣Ȳ㣬֮ٸ㡣㹫һЦȻƤգһ۾δСӡ
ʲô飬Խкʹ̣ˡ㹫˵һ仰Ȼ뿪ˡ
㹫뿪˺ܾãҶС绹Ŀ㹫ȥķƺЩᣬġ
ҶСͻȻһӴ״̬˹ҵʲôʱôˣȻһ㹫
ɷϣ㹫ȷӵκ˶Ϊ֮㹫ĵһۣһҪռеĸо
һҶСȻҡҡͷԼеȫɢ
鿴һԼĴִָǸռеõһ뾫ȻڴָУЩҶСһһûа׷ѣЩΪָܹһ¥ΪѵõЩӵ߿µع
ЩΪǸͳܶ
ҶСɢӴָУƶһ˿˿ľȻս塣
ɲǼ䣬ҶСоһɱĺڱ˳ϽתЩµı
ЩĺҶСĿÿתһȦͻ˳֣Ҳɢܶ࣬󲿷ֵ뵽ѪУ޲Ĵˡ
õЩĸռľӵǿޱȵع
Ȼֻһ˿˿ǱȻҶС˵ЩԲ
ûˣҶС»ֱӽƣϧˣȥò˶೤ʱ䣬ƾͻָΪҲָ


2232 ͻ
ôһ˿ҶСһƻָ˺ܶ࣬ΪҲָһ㣬ʮ죬ȫָ
ҶС㹫ķ֮ʱⷿ䲻Զһڣ㹫ͺ
㹫ƺһﵱѾͷǵ˹һ㡣
ǸҶãȻů񴲶ó⿴㹫˵
ˣȻҪеĺöϣָܹơ㹫˵
⻹ΪǹҶЦ˵
Ҵ㾹ȻЦ㹫װһ˵ȻСȭźȥϽ㡣
ҿҶ͹һԶʱһԵĴҲϹκϵ
ð㾹Ҳ۸
һʱ䣬ڷڴֳһţһǶͣȻһſŹӻƵĴϢ
ԺɲҪ˵ΣʱͻȻ־ңȻҪͶұеڶŮ֮飬ȴһ㶼ûУοҲһܹ֮ġ֮㹫˵
һеĻ壬ޱȣŰȻȻ㹫һõӵҲעһ֮Уܶ飬ɼġ
ϲһˣô˶ȻҪܣҪȻֻܺնǶУǵı
СʱͻȻ䣬һ
ɣ㹫һ߹һɢһ̵㹫·Ǵ֮ģûʲôܹ֮ƥ䡣
ʹλϽӴվɵվ㹫࣬ƽʱʱ򣬲ôڶνǰǻҪ͵ڡ
һһɫȹͷƬſŮ˽
ŮӿƺЩ㹫ǰòԼİ仹һ˿ġ
ȥһˡСޱȹ˵
ĸȥʲô飿㹫ʵ
С¶һ˿ԥҧ˵˳УԻʴ󽫾ĶӰڣںͺʴģ˵˵̸Ļ¡
˵С͵͵̧ͷһ㹫ȻִԴ
һʱ䣬㹫ɫúѿƺЩΡ
ǸҲԼʲôоȻҲȾָǹǲˡޱȷŭ˵
һԵĴɫҲÿٵû˵һ仰
Ҫ˵ˣƺܲ͹ۣҪȻҪᱻԻлɳã߰ɣ㹫ε˵һž¶һ˿ƣ롣
ƺΪһİΣģֻΪԼ˶ġ
һ
㹫ҡҡͷȻȥʹ˿˿Ȼʵʵĸ㹫С档
㹬ȺУһΪߴԻͣǰ棬һ޴ɢһֵ⣬ޱׯϡ
㹫߽Уһɫľ޴ϣһˣԴƺЩɢһϣȻڵסձɽ֮
ߣһŮӽ£ŮϹˣͷװһſ貵飬ǷΣŶ͸¶һֻʼҵĹ
ұߣһϣһɫʸ׵˽λϣٲȻﵱԼķ䡣
˾ȵоȻһ棬űУֻλȨص˲ʸ
λӦþǰԻˡ
·λϣһȻҲɢǿϢȴһ壬ӦþǰԻʵĶӰ졣
㹫˽Ŀһվߵ㹫ǰ
ţþûˣû뵽ȻƯǳ֮ɫоǳռ֮⡣
˫׼ס㹫ˬ֣㹫˹ȥ
㹫ûдߵϣ˺ǰ
ݼʣĸס㹫һȻվߣʹ̹վ㹫ࡣ
Сվߡ
ţղŰԻʴ󽫾Ȯ򸸻飬׼ڰ죬Դʲôϵĺʿ˵
¶һ˿Σһ˿ʹޣƺʹԼһ㡣
㹫һƺܵ˺ܴĴһ㣬ҧ촽û˵һ仰


2233 
⻹𣿸ĸ֮ý֮ԣֻҪʴͬ⣬ѵ뷴ԲɣʱԻʴ󽫾Щͷ˵
ƺѾʷˡ
Ŷ۰ŮȻҪΪǣҲҵŮ޸һϲˡʱ˵
㹫¶һĨʹȻ֪ԼĸʽȫԼˡ
ԻһĴ󽫾λȨأû˸棬ǰʱĸΪܹѹסԻҲǹģԴһս˺
Իʾ¶ԼҰģںʵΥɶԻƿˣǰδеΣ
ԻʵĶӣͶŵòߣ㹫Ͳɫ
˶֪Ǹޣ̣ŮӶ壬⻹ص㣬޷ϲŰˣЩŮȫǱ޺ۣкܶܶӡЩŮûһġ
㹫޸ˣǻɱ
ϽɣЩҪˣҲòȥʱԻһ˫Ŀ㹫˵
˼ʱɣϾϵҵ£á㹫˵
ȻҲ޸죬ԻʵȨ̫ˣûܹѹƣΪ壬òԻίߡ
죿빫һʱ䡣Իٴαʵ
˫ĿƺҪ㹫
ʮɣ㹫˵Ҳ֪˵
ãʮһϣʱܹһĴԻ˵һȻŰֱ뿪ûкͺʴһ˿кѾȫʷˡ
ܰ컹Щ̫⣬ȻԻˣԻҲ֪Щ鲻ܹȵ̫ˡ
ȻкܴҰģҪưҲ֪Լڷң׻˵泼˵ö֮Ըһ壬Բ˳նɱˣҲþܹư
Ի뿪㹫ƺʧȥеһڵأҿǺʹ˽㹫š
ŶʶԲ㡣ʱһε˵ĲԸ⣬Ҳ㣬ƴһ˿ֻϣƽƽģΪ㸶һҸĴ۶øʼϣ¸Ҳȡ
ʣһ濼ǵģŮЩˡ㹫ǿһЦ˵Ȼںʹ̵Ĳ뿪
뿪󣬺ص̾һƺ˺ܶࡣ
׼ŶһҸ𣿡˳üչʵ
ǸĺӣŶ¼޸ûʲôƫƫôһˣŶ޸ȻܵίġԻҰ̫ˣڵûʹɱնɱ˽յĽ¾Ů޸Ҳܹ赲ȥľģֻҪڣͲܳưʵĵ˵
룬¶һĨɫڲУŶ뿪ֻҪΪ߹ѪžǰԻʳưҲ᲻ġ
幬Ⱥ䣬ԶĵطһȺ䣬Ǻװһĵط
һ޴ĹڣԻһŴɫΣ˿ĻͻᷢϵκͺʵһģһοȥƺӿһʾǿҰġ
״ˣ˵ʻὫż޸𣿡ĿŰԻʵ
һģҪң屻壬ҵĶӣҪʲôŮûУһѣӣԺҪע㣬ŮɫϲҪ̫ˣϾǹһ֪ˣ»𻩱䣬ʱԸײԻĳ˵
ף飬ѸĹģһעġ¶˷ܵĹâƺѾ뵽˵ż޸Ҹ
ԻʶԼĶӼΪ谮ҪʲôᾡŪΪˣ˰콾Ը
ʱеҶС飬˿֪
ʱһȥÿһ죬㹫ϵͻһݣޱۣϧ
תۼ䣬Ѿˣ㹫ڻûһȫİ취̾ģųԹʱһҶС磬ҶС绹֮еʱ򣬱ĬĬȥȥš
ҹʱůϵҶСͻȻ˫ĿϬޱȵĹâһӴ˿ռ䣬ƺ̺һ㡣
ſһ£һƺɢΪǻָˣڵҲȫָˣо⻹յ㣬ΪܹͻƣͻƵ񾳺۷徳磬Ҳ񹦵ھŲ۷塣


2234 
ҵΪѾȫָˣڻǵĿռ䣬ôعڿһʱ䣬ܹ񾳺۷ľ磬ʱ˵۸ҲһսҶС
Ŵ΢һ壬ž죬·̺ϵһ㡣
ڻָΪƣЩеع
Ȼ֮֮кܴİ׻˵ţֱһģһศɵá
Ϊû֮ǰӸˣеĶܹ
չԲϰٹﶼ֮УȺ䣬Ҳ޾ˮ֪Լʱ
ͻȻ䣬ػſڵĺһûɵӣƺԵأһе㹫ҲһüĿȫǡ
ѵ﷢ʲô飿ҶС⡣
ɣҶСڴ֮һ
·ʲô飬һʱûзӦͻȻ䣬˸ղƺڽϽŤҶСڵķڡ
ȫѾˣҶСɫ緢ɢһ׽Ϣϲ
ҶС˵ͷ¶һ˿΢Ц
ǲǷʲô飿ҿôüġҶСѯʵ
Ǹ죬⣬Ҫ޸ҲʲôУܹƥġǲ˵Ǹƺ޲ýǸ˻ˡ
ô£˵˵𣿡ҶСüʵ
˵Ҳ˵ֲܹҶСһۣǶҶС˵ľԻˣԼΪٵ⡣
ǸԻ治Ǹö̫ˡŭ
ҶС˼˰죬Ȼ˵ĲԸ޵Ļҵа취
а취ģЩŵĿҶСʵ
ȻġҶСЦЦ˵
ʲô֤˵а취ⶢҶСʵҪҶСóһ֤
֤ݣҶСȻһЦ漴ϱ˿ֲƣһƻͻſֲޱȵѹ
ɿֲѹ£һӹ˵ϣɪɪҶС粻ǽԼϵƶɢڣ˸͸ܲ
ӣҶСϽȫƣһεɢǸ˵Ǹղš
ҶСĻû˵꣬һšһӾͲӰ˷㶵ҶС磬ƺû뵽һӾûӰ
ɨ赽Ķ󣬱Ȼˣ漴ıһĨЦ⡣
һ󣬼źܲȶҶСĲΧڣȻⲢĲһεĸ֪
񹦸ֻܹоɢģ͸ܲ
Ӱӷſ˽ǰı㹫˺ö࣬Ҽϧ
㡭а취Ҽ޸𣿡㹫һͶҶСʵ
㽹̬Щûܵĥ
Ȼа취µҪԭλԻʴ󽫾ȻʵǿޱȣֻҪնɱˣ㸸˰ˣδؾͲȬֻҪܹȬŶȻԻʴ󽫾˼ɣҲͻһ£ʱֻҪ㸸¶նɱԻʾˣΣҲ߽⡣ҶС
а취Ҹʣ㹫ޱεĿҶС˵
ȻҶС˵ͬʱϵش㹫¶һ˿֮ɫ
ҶС㹫ɫһ漴һҧҧ˵ֻҪܹҸʣʲôҪҶӦ㡣
ΪǸ̹ľӣû뵽ҲǸɫ֮ͽһϹۣˣֻҪܹκøʣһٽΣǴʲôأ㹫һ˿ίƺû뵽ԼῴˣҪίǰˡ
ǰʱ򣬿ĺ˳۵һˣôǰ񣬾Цɭޱȡ
ãҾ͵仰ˡҶСЦ漴ʵ֪ڿɷһ֣
㹫΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵ˮš
ղ׼ɣ㹫ѿڶʡ
ϻûʳһҪʳôˣѵΪʲôأĪǡҶСһЦĶ㹫
㹫һž¶һĨΣҶСһۣһЦСѾӡ
ʱҶС˳˺ܶ࣬ƺһ


2235 
ԭҶˣһ̹ľӣ㹫ͻȻ䣬뵽һ⣬ѵԼ𣿻ԼûǸ
ţвɵûһ˿˿ʧ䣬Լ֪Լô˼롣
Ůӵ¾ô֣пգ˼άԾķ̫ˣ˾벻
лл㣬硣㹫ĿҶС˵
磿еĿаĪǹ˷ҶӣʱЦ˵
Ҵ򡣡㹫װŭһۺ⣬Ȼ͵͵ҶСһۣҶСûʲôʾ󣬲һ
˵ĶʵҶôᣬʵǿ󣬶ݸ߹󣬿νɲŮòһԶҿͲҪˡЦż˵
ҶСһЦȻϽͣǹ飬ܹϵģοѾ޶
Ѿ޶ܰɣô죿ҲǺܴ󰡣⾪ȵĿҶСʵ
ʲôķײͬڶʮŮ͵˽ˡҶСЦЦ
ôֵķסһӡ
ҶС˵ԼѾ޶㹫ʱģҶСĿжһ˿Թ
ոջҶС翴ҶСίҶС磬û뵽ȴֳŮ˰ȷʵ׽͸
㹫ҶСϽת˻⣬ţȥ㸸ʣҿơ
㹫Щӵ˼һɨȥ»ع⣬˵ͷ˵ãߡ
ˮŵĴ£һ˳ͨ裬˺ڵĹڡ
ʱڿһЩĴѶĿǰһơ
ҶСһ߽󣬺ȻһæµӣûвҶС˵ĵ
㹫ҶСһɫȻ˹ȥĵʵʣôæϢһ𣿡
Ŷ㰡æµһᣬȻϢ㹫ǷӦ˹һ˵
ʱںʹѾͷҶС磬ʵλǣ
ʣλǷҶӣǰһʱ䣬Ůһˣǰʱ䣬ˣһֱŮйƣѾָˣŲֶΣұ㹫ź˵
ЩɻĿҶС磬ƺЩŵӡ
ƺԼĸײҶС磬㹫Щںʶ˵ʲô
ȻǵСҶСȻˣ㹫˵Լʵжǿ˵ԼɢƾȻȺʻҪǿ
⻰һѡţϽӸм˵лҶӾŶһʲôҪֻҪܹģһΪȥ
С¶ѣοҲǹȣˮҿưɣҶСһƵ˵
ûΪʵݶηηǸֵķ緶
ҶСΪˮǺʣ˿ͲþȣڸǰʣҲǸƽˡ
Ǿ鷳Ҷˡ¶һ˿м֮ɫ
ҶС˫ĿͻȻųεĹâһû˺ڣ鿴źڵͻȻ䣬˺кüɢһֻɫϢһֹƺŸʴһеϢ
ϸ鿴ȥЩط˺öɫķģЩĹޱȣĶһĲһޱȡ
鿴֮ҶСջĿ⡣
ҵôһ֮ɫʵ
ҲضҶС磬һЩΣΨҶС˵ԸĴ𰸡
Ƕôңѹô󰡣һܣǶԼҶСЦ˵
˶ЦЦĪеĵҲ˲١
ˮǱ˰֣һЩصĲλ˲˻ɫķģЩĿܹ죬ҪƳ϶ѡҶС˵
ɫķģʵɴ۾ȻǻɫķģһоȻ˹˸а塣
бųĹâҶСɻӣ͵Ҳ֪Ƕڶĵ죬ڶ࣬۸ӣһصΪаˣǻɫģĶǻɫġ
ЩһֱǶĽɣֻҪһЩˣ˶нնɱְЩаণڷ۸ֵĴ£еȫɱû뵽ǸصȻڡ
ԭҶС˵ͷͻȻ䣬һιâһӽ˺ڣһˢЩɫķġ
ǡ
ü΢󣬺Ǻ
ۡ
һڻɫѪҺһӻָ˹öˡ


2236 
ˮŵʱܳ˺ܶΪֻڣҪָ񾳺۷壬Ҫһʱ䡣ҶС翴ź˵
Ҷ˰ȻǸˡʿҶСĿ
Ҷܹô׵ĿʵȷҶҲӦ񾳺۷֣¾۸ֵĲΣҲֻһ˿˿
ĸ֣
ҲöѡҶСЦЦȻѾӦŽ飬죬ǸԻʴ󽫾ҪˣʱΪһҪָסԻʣܹסˡ
Ҫָ񾳺۷ĲΣûһµʱͰ첻ҡҡͷ˵
а취֮µõһ㶫ֻҪΪָܹõĺãһָܹΪˡҶСݹһСţСڲõһЩ
ЩİȻָΪ
⡭̫ˣҲҪʼҡҡͷ˵
ҶСѾƺѾˣٽҶСĶĻ̫ˡ
ûϵ˵ԺһҪİʱֻϣ㲻ҪܾˡҶС粻ɷ˵Ǹ˺С
ȻҾͽˣԺ󲻹ʲôֻҪܹһȥôƴ˵
ҶСЦЦûлشԺǸҪԿʧĸ֣϶ҪʵİǼ򵥵İǶ
ˮȸϽָΪɣҾͲˡҶС˵һ󣬱ȥ
ҶСߣűʹʹһɫҶСȥ
ȵǶ뿪ֻʣ˺ʺš
Ǹ˰û뵽ᾹȻΪųΪǿߵʰЩĽ˵·𿴵һǿ
ʣںЩ𣿡˹ĵʵ
ЩѾҶȫˣֻʣΪĻָˣҪϽΪָȻٲһԻʱǰйնɱڲòնɱˣŮһҪסҶӵĴ֣صĿ˵
һסԶżᶨ˵
úãҶɣȻָΪˡЦݵĿԼŮ˵Ȼ뿪ˣǻƺָʾ
˵ҶСصסĹ󣬺ʹŮӶҶС缫Ϊ棬ϾҶС翴̫ˡ
ҶСҶСǸƺһֲҶСھݵ˼
һҶС˵飬ʧĸ֣ƽԭʱ򣬻ѡȵȣѾͷ
ҶС˵Щʱ㹫˽ûзһ˿ĬĬţһܸȤӡ
Ҷӣ˵ôҶС署֮㹫ʵ
ʲôʱģ㹫Ѿͷһ㷲ʵ̫ˣ㹫ĵǶûз֡
ǰѾħ㹫ǵԴϵһ˵
ȻȴΣޱȣ磬ΪΣյĲޣģĵն񳬳ǵ˵һ̻ǳֵܡˣһ̱Ǵӱͬ㵶ӵˣ˵ﰲݡҶС͵
Ȼôˡɴ۾˵
ܸӵģʲô˶С
ǲǾܶࣿ㹫Ȥʵ
ɣǺǡҶСЦЦ˵
ʵ綼ȥϧʵҵİοͲҳȥҲֻˮΧ档㹫Щ˵
Ǻǣ죬Ҫ֪飬ȥҲãҪԱ֮ڵΪŵ񾳳ڣЩʲôʱΪܹ۷壬ǾͲ࣬ҲԱֻ֮Ҫһ·СģӦòʲô飬Ȼãһ񾳺ڸ֣ôˡҶСЦ˵
ͻˡ㹫ҶСһۣ֣ȻҶСһӿˡ
ҶСĿ⣬㹫΢΢һ죬ȻԴƺҿҶС硣
û뵽ȻˣͻȻЦ˵
ҶСĿһӻָ㹫Ӧ˹ҧ˺һۣ⣬ѾͷȻЦ
˵ţ㹫ĿҶС˵Ҷӣл㣬ллΪҽĸ鷳
׼ôлҶСһϷ֮ɫĿ㹫
㹫ҶС翴ЩȻһΣþãűһ仰˵ôл
ô
㡭å㹫΢΢һ㶣ȻһСţߺ죬Ͻܿܵ˷ſʱͣס˽ŲŤͷԹĿҶС˵Ѿ޶
ԵСšҶС˳˵һ仰
㹫ڵأҶСһۣȻһ仰ܿ
붼Ҫ롣
㹫ǱܵӣҶСЦЦ



2237 
㹫뿪ҶС߽Уò˵ůǸöƽҪܶࡣ
ҶСӵõǲ־гȡһ˿ȻΪͬʱҲ֮
ת۾죬ʮʱҶСڴ΢ƺĳϱһ㣬漴һɿµƱȻ˫Ŀ˫Ŀбųâ̴˿ռ䡣
ʱҶСΪͻˣѾ񾳺۷ˣսһ񾳺۷ָͲĶ֣Ƿ۸Ҳκβ
ȻЩµ׵ķǿߡ
ѹʱɨֺǸͲ㹫ڵڣǴʱۼˮڡ
ڳ㹫⣬кʣһЩ󳼣ȥƺҪĻҪһ㡣
ҶСһӾʧˡ
ʱˮڣ˶ĵȴţܶǶһƽӣƺΧĪһ㡣
ȴһСʱһ𣬡øλȾˡ
£һɫ׵İԻʱлֳֺ棬ƺ׼սһ㡣
ʴˣ岻ʣɷԻʻһܺĵ˵ͷȻź˵
ˣһε˵ʱϵĻƺŨˡ
ԻʸǷˣһһӣԻ˿ȥڰԹԵվ۾ϵ㹫ǳռ֮⡣
ܵĿ⣬㹫¶ǿҵ֮ɫ
󽫾ôǰô֤ûʲô˼ԻʼΪŵ˵ȻĿͶ㹫֪㿼ǺûУ
Ի˿ûй˼ɺʣֱӿ˵ֳУӦɺ˵ģǰԻʵΪľǶûˣֵ˵˰Իʵš
Ǻˡ㹫ޱ˵
ȻղײգС͹׵İɣԻ¶ˬЦ˵
Իʴ󽫾˵ĿǺҲͬ޸ĶӣҲͬ⡣㹫촽˵
󣬺ϵЦʧˣȫŭЦúúãû뵽ȻĲ˼İΣǽ쾭ʱ򣬵ʱ򣬱󽫾ɨһкᵽǰδеʢϧҶȻǵҸû˼ȥر߽˵캣ҪٽȻֱˮ
ž
вңصһ˵ϵĻŨˣ͸һŨŨ⡣
Ⲣвǽ飬ʴˣ岻ʣϣԻʿź˵ȻĿͶ˸λ󳼣ǺԾʱڣ˭Ҳұ֤ǵĽΧʲô飬λ󳼵ļҾᱻ̵ĥ
ԻɭһЦ˵
λ̲סĲһɫѿޱȡ
ʴˣ칫ӰɣΪذͻȻ䣬һ󳼹ڵʹ޵˵
ǰʴˣͽ칫ӣðԻʴ󽫾ĵȥԸ
󳼵Ĺ򵹣һƬܶ󳼶ڵϣźʣʮĴУֻûйڵء
ǻʲôܹ˵֦Ҷݰֻɫ̣һվŵĴ󳼷ŭ
Щٵ͵ĴһɫǺ죬һԲȻš
ˣ˵ʲôҶֻɫ˵ʱԻʲһվһεƱ˳֡
˵ΪڣͲǰԻʵĶ֣ڰԻʾ޴ѹ£Ȼǿ֧š
ˡͻȻ䣬վһƱԻǹƳɢ
Իʴ󽫾ĲԸȥԸʶŰԻʴ󽫾ʵ
ѵȫתˣԻϻлǿŰˡ
ҲԸ⣬ҶûаãûǸ˼Իʶźʷֺá
ãȻôӽ쿪ʼͲǴ󽫾ˣؼ˰ɣ˵
ؼϣ˭ң˭ҶҴ󽫾λãԻĿɨΪš
ҸңߣѵҵĻ𣿡еŭ˵
ߣޣأһ鲻ǰһµģҪ˵ߣҿӦǰһ廹࣬壬綼ûˡԻʮֲм˵
㡭ǲң治㾹Ȼܹ˵ĻʼΪ˵ʱ֪˰ԻʵҰģֹĲ
ôùҶףҪȻҲӴʧԻв


2238 Ļ
ããܺãԻʣҰ¶˳ȻǾͱҲնҳӣˣҽԻ¡Ŀ䣬ŭ˵
ݡ
µʱһֳ֣Щֶ񾳺ڣȻŽ񾳺ڲãɢֿɲ⡣
׵񾳺ڸֽԻʸΧס
һ£ƺܺµӣηηģһ㶼û丸ķɡ
˵ǻȮӣȴһˣӾȻǸŧ
ʣΪƾЩܹ赲ס𣿡ԻĿһɨ˫ֳֺ棬ʮ㣬·һ١
˵ܲ赲ס㣿˫Ŀйâƺ̺ƬвӿϿµƱϵĻȫʧˣȡ֮ǽĺ֮ɫ
һ̼䣬ʵӰߴޱȣ·һۡһ㣬ɢŵɫĹâһָ߸ϣԶ޷֮ʱȵ
ǰԻҲûкϵǿᣬʱϾһߣͳ£ΪˣаԻʵĻᡣ
˺ܳһʱ䣬˶ˣλʵڿһ˲ķɡ
ʣڻָˡڹ˵Ĵ£ԭվĴǷ׷׹˵ϣһϲ˵ļ
ƻָˣԻɫѣйâ֪ʲô
ҵƻָˣʧ˰ɣԻʴ󽫾ޱȸߴ󣬷·
綼Ȭˣû뵽㾹Ȼô̡Իɫ˵Ƿŭû뵽ԼȻƭˡ
̣ôܹ֪㲻֮ģôܹ֪˭˭飿˵仰Ƕ԰Ի˵ģҲǶ˵
仰ЩһһɬǺ˵һЩĵĻȴ֪Ӻζ˵
ոǻȰ˵ùڰ죬ĵĻҲ̫ûйˡ
ΪָܹΣȻܹ˺һΣҲܹ˺ڶΣվ֮աԻʸ߾ٺ棬˵ݣƺһս
ɣԻʵ˵
Χֶܶ˿ܣƺڿʲôܹϧ˰Ҳ˳
Իɫѿüͷٴ˵ʱ㻹𣿡
Ļ£Ȼû˳
þãһͻȻڴ𣬡𣿡
ǵ£漴һӰ˴ڣӰҶС磬ץһ͸ףͣŶһ׺ݵĹâ
ء
ҶСһֻһ㣬˵ϡ
Իʿʱɫһ䣬ѿޱȣĵưû뵽ôͽˡ
˭һ飬ʱһ֣ԻĶҶСʵɱȻ
˭ǺҪҪҪˣȺʵ˾Ľû뵽ṴˡҶС糰һЦ˵
ոʱҶС˹ĿŴڵһУ֪䣬󷨣Ȼ󷨺һսԷͲ֣û೤ʱ䣬ͽˡ
ӶԷļе֪֮ԻˣȫǰԻʹģ첻㹫ܷ޸죬Իʶû׼Ź塣
׼ٻʱ֣ҪȫնɱĻͿԼӵȨơ
û뵽ҵˣȻĹɫѿ˵һĨŭ
ңǰһĹжǺģΪʲôƬǼģܸԴȷʵ壬ҲҲͷģ֮꣬һҪͳΪһĺʣû뵽еļƻǱǸƻˡԻʴЦһ˵ȻһܣսĿͶ㹫¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ի˲ʧֵʱѾ㹫ǰˣһץҪ㹫ץס
ʱ֪ԼѾڽˣźʣҶСôһλصĸ֣ǰ񾳺ڸֵ赲Ѳˡ
ܹץס㹫Ļ˵һ˿ܵϣ
ߡ
ڰԻʿҪץס㹫ʱһը죬漴һš
Ի˳ȥһѪصˤ˵ϣʱҶСӰ㹫ǰ֡
䡪
ʱһ¹âŰԻˣһӺ˰Իʵĵﴦ
ֲޱȵĹâӰԻڱ˳ޱȣǽһΪȫɢȥ
ԻҵĽһ


2239 и
һΪϣУķⶼѾڣȻǧӣѾˣЩ˻Ϊͷ
ң뵱꣬緢ǧӳⷽ٣εȵӢ£ϧһв̽䣬ǳưҲӦû;֮ķṦΰ塣
Ҹƴˣ㣬Ҫ㣬ҸҲԼĸ׿ˣһŭҶС˹ѾҶС翴ͷŴС
ΪΪҶСͻȻֺһ֣ô˵ܹȡ㹫ΪޣϾĶ֮ҹȻһжˡ
İ죬ҶСһһȥµڡ
䡪
ҶСһ£һѪ⣬ҡ
ǸռУҶСѾϰ壬֪Щ˾һȻ㣬նݳ
һˣֱӱҶСնɱˣԻ˫Ŀɵü󣬿һΪŭӣΪϣʲôˣݺᣬöж
˿ҶСת뿪ˣźһܹƽһҲ˼ٲˡ
ҶС뿪󣬺ʽ㹫Ƕ֧ˣȻרĵĴһ顣
ҶСȥú󣬱˽Ų㹫Ѿͷ˽
ǿҶСĿжһ˿ļɵһ˿ӵƺû뵽һº͵ҶС˵ɱ˾Ͷɱˡ
ôˣܲϰߣĿһɨҶС֪Ůӵ˼ЦЦ˵
һ㣬Сһûпɱˡ㹫˵ͷµ˵
ɲУĻԿ˵ᱻλƭȥСţڵ˵ʴȾǶԼĲ̡ҶС翪˵
˵ǶףҲǾȡ֪˶Ůӣһ㹫˵
˿ˣҶСЦЦȻ˵Ҳ˺ܳʱˣ׼뿪Ӷлȡ
ʲôҪ뿪ˣ㹫󾪣ȫû뵽ҶСʱ뿪ȥ˵һ°ɣ
ˣ㸸ϴԻʴ󽫾ûжʱ䣬ûбҪ鷳ˣԸ뿪ˡҶСЦЦ˵
ǡȥʰʰһĶ㹫˵һ仰󣬱Ҵ뿪ˡ
ʹ￴һҶС磬Ҳ뿪ˡ
뿪ҶСһʱ򣬻񾳺۷
ȫöע⣬㹫ȥ
ڼȻѾ˶ô׼ڶһʱգѾ֪һЩڶȴǺ
ԼСʱʱ㹫һ˽ʱһɫΪףǳɫ׾۳ȹһĴ磬ΪϽȻͬƣüĴɫСƬ˶Ϊࡣ
Ҷ㹫ҶС˵룬һߣ˳㿴硣
һ㸸ĸ֪𣿡ҶСѯʵ
㹫һһ죬ȻҡҡͷҸʺĸ֪ˣǾԲȥ
ɲУ㲻㸸ĸ㸸ĸΪҽˣȥ˵һ°ɣ˵ǻıע⣬ȥϾҲѾˣ˲ڰݵĻУ涼ߣкôҶСɵ˵
ҶСĻ㹫۾һȻ󻶿˳ȥ
㹫뿪ҶСһȻ˵ģһնûкʻͬ㹫
ĵףȻϣ㹫ȥȴϣҪȥһ·Ͽ϶Σأٶһ㹫Ļ͸鷳
ϧҶСˣʻǴӮ㹫ͬҶС㹫뿪
㹫뿪ûж೤ʱ䣬ʱ㹫ҶСסĵط
Ŷ˵繫Ҫ뿪ˣ˿˵˼仰󣬺ʱֱ⡣
ҶС˵ͷЩ̫õĸоΪ㹫¶ϲɫ
ŶܾǰҪȥϧҵİȫŴνֹȥҲСˣӦóȥʶз繫һ·ͬеĻŶİȫû̫⣬ϣȥܹŶҷչһЩʿҶС˵
֪ܾˡҶСֻõͷӦ
л繫ӣŶһ·ϵİȫ鷳ˣҵһ⣬ϣ繫£ŶˮвԲģЩŶ֮ɣ繫ӾͲҪܾˡӲҶСһöָ
ҶС翴ƣҲֻ¡
һ󣬺ʱ뿪ˣֻʣҶС㹫


2240 
򣬵ȺһشأһѶѣԶԶȥããǿеǳַ·һſű顣
ͻأ䣬ˮֿһֻ޴ޱȣ·һСڹð˳ˣҶСˮš
캣ʽˮȫиҶС磬һָıҶС绹ûе£ߺ鿴һ´ֱָһ
ָ治иָĿʯϡǧ꣬󺣵ײҩܹĲƴ֡
ЩȻҶСòϣǸ˾ܹõϡ
ʱ򣬹ةӧҶСˮš
繫ӣͽˣûгԶţϣѵ˼ة࿴ҶС˵
İɣڣŲµġҶС˵
ةཻһ󣬱׵ʧããֻʣҶСˮˡ
γ磬ˮŸо治ѣɫģаƣϲһжôá
û뵽澹Ȼôˮһ޼ʵĺ棬տտգ̾
ҶСЦҡҡͷֻõһ棬ȴûиоڰһ档
ˮûиоʾҶСûиоȻãǷȴһѪȣһʹ
ڵȥƺǱΧľ¿ˣˮ²ʵ
ٹ⣬һƬȺȥɣǾĵ졣ҶС˵
ٹܹˮźʵ
ܹоһЩǺǣΪߺҲܹ֪ҶС˵ĵȻǼٻˣʽڲͬߣҲߣȻǿޱȣչķΧҲܹ㡣
ҶСΧЩǿߵΧҪ㡣
ˮҪﵽҶС̶ֳȣ²Ҫ츳Ҫ
ˮһ·Уһػһ˲ʱ䣬Ǿ͵ƬȺ
ѾܹˣһЩֿŹϵսںϺУǼƣƺѰʲôЩֻһ磬ط
жʮ죬ҶСĿɨһ£һĵ죬ĺģŸߴΰĳǳأⷱС
Ρáҵġ
ˮţ˴ϣ첻ֻһߴĳǳأⶼԤʾȽϸӣҪȻҲǸеĲ˽ͬǷ̶һµĳǳء
ҶСһǳأǳſҲȡЩǵķãʧƺܶǳжֽе󷨡
ƺΪ˹ڼ䡣
ǳغˮԵʮ˷ܣĿǸҶС粻䷳ĸ͡
Ϊ˽һʧҶСһ˵αȽϸߵľ¥Ȼ˽ȥҪһЩɹζĿ⣬Сˣоˮ
ʳˮ޲ڣƺһҪ¥Կյļơ
ҶСһЩȵ󣬱һƷζһΧֵĻ
ԴӺƽԭ¥̨Щʧ󣬺ܶĸֶ½½ʧطЩ˻ΪǣĽ
Ľиƨã֪μѡһж˵ʮ֣ǻ˵ˣοǸռˣĿǰ˵֪жɥտռ䣬Ҳ֪ܹ˻ع顣
Ȼôҡ
˵ƽԭѾѡε¹Ǿвμѡˣһ󣬱ƽԭ¥̨μӱԣѡǸݱԵĽԼһ֮ͷĴСȵۺеġ
Ȼֹ򣬿һʧҪˡ
ǻ֪һϢɣ˵¹ӷҶǸռõ˾޴ĺôõǸռ֮õľع򾫻ֻҪܹõ󣬾ܹͻƵ񾳺ڡ
ҶҶҵ֪ȴ֪Ȼһ¹ӵͷ
ΧЩ˵ĻҶС缫Ϊ侲û뵽Լ龹Ȼôͱ˴ˣһֵ˾֪
ʱֻȡһľѣʣһ룬ӣһǰĵߣкܶѾ硣
ڳЩˮЩ˵ҶֺĶ䶼һֹĿⶢҶС硣
ϽԷˮŵĿ⣬ҶС˵
ܳ𣿡ˮźʵ
Ǻܳǿ˵Ǳˣ粢ȱͬͬյˡҶСЦ˵
Ҹо˵ľ㡣ˮСǴиһָϵգȻҶС˵
ˮʱԷʱΪţû뵽磬ǲעԼˡ


2241 λ
ҡҶСһ˵
ǡˮǺ촽ߵĿζɫģűʯ
˵һΣԲҡ
ǡ
Ͳܹһ𣿡ҶС˵
һֱܴˮŸ˵ЦˣȻ̵ĺһھˮһ覵ϸֳһΡ
ҶСĿ΢΢һ㶣Ȼָ룺һ
ˮŻ֮·ˮ˶ǳԷҲһڲͬĸоŮӵҲһԭʼġ
ջκ˶ܾ˵ġ
ԼҶСЩ˵Ļ
¹ӷҶû뵽Ȼһ¹ӵͷ֪ͷôģ˺ʵ
ȻЩ֮ˡ
˵ҶǸռɰ£ߣۡ˿䣬Ϊ۸û뵽Щ鷳ȫնɱˣһЩȫնһ˴Ӵ˺ͷͺˡ˽͵
˰¹ӷҶ⣬˭
˵Ǹռʱ߸˷ǳ¹ӷҶ֮һ֮⣬кڼ׹ӡӡͻӣӣ̣СħŮ߸ǸռͷΪϧȴֻð¹ӷҶõĶӦֻõһ㡣˸̾˵
Ȼ¹ӵõǸʲô˶Ѱɣ
ɲѾֵ÷зʧ磬ݡĮǺƽԭϻɭ֣ȥѰңϧôҲЩ˵¹ڿܻ֮ء
ȷʵǸܣõǸʲô޿ռ䶼ûһ¡
Щ˵̸ۣҶСѾˣʧֻͷΪνĴ¿¾к֮ܶҪȡõĶ
һͲˣרĵƷζЩС˺;ˮ
֪Уľˮȫˣˮžһ룬ȻǾˮоƾȱȽ٣Ǻȴʮ㣬ʱˮһžϸֳһۺ죬Ϊˡ
ףû뵽Ȼһ㡣ͻȻ䣬һȵҶС洫ǶԷˮƵ̬üĴöСɵƬ
һһ¥˵Ŀ⡣
Ȼһ㣬Ǻ˵ڴϵζǺİ
ĽҵȰ
˵ڸרһİ飬ÿԲлӺг֣ɳ̲ɢϧҴû
˵ͯĹ°ɣڵ㶼뵽ҵǵټȵ컹ҪѣҪ֪һĻ塣
һʱ䣬Χ˶Χ
ʱһߵҶСߣȻӻӣһзȵӡ
λ̨ߵɷתңܸĴۣҶԸ⡣꿴ҶС˵
˾ǸղŷǸˣûˮŵǽҶС統ˮŵˡ
ʲô۶Ը𣿡ҶС絭ʵ
档˵
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ӵĻΧ˷׷ױɫһ·Ƕܹһ㣬ϽҾ¥뿪
ȻһЩΪ˳⡣
֮һԼкаԵû˸ǣλСܲ
Ȼ㱾Ϊϡ֮ܶﶼϣõǸ͵òںò׼һȻŹ
Χ˵ĻҶС˼ˮҲ֪Щ˶ڴע⣬ʱ˵ŭĶӡ
ô㻹𣿡ӶˮŵĿӣЦһҶС˵
ҶСһӣһɿֲ֣ǸϲӬһ㣬ͽƳ˾¥
ء
һɳ¥ֱըѣһѪ꣬Ĳˡ
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ǱΪҶСû뵽ҶС˵ֱӽնɱˡ
λӣϽ뿪ɣҾǳصףķǰҲҪˣϽ뿪ɣҪȻд֮һСϽ˹ĿҶС˵


2242 ҲҴȥҲҴ
޷еҳеǲǨŭǵľ¥ҶСʮ˵
⡭ѵ֪𣿡Сٴʵ
֪ȥɣҶСЩͷĻ˻֡
ҶС綼ô˵ˣСֻܹЦȥĿˣҲΪԷҽնɱ϶Ҳҽնɱ
¥гԷļĬĬȥȻΪǺʢŭ֮µҡ
תۼ䣬Ҿ¥ֻʣҶСˮˣƺûвΣһ㣬ȻƷζЩˮСˡ
ҶС֣ˮŸͲģ֪ҶСʵǿҲ͸¶ҪǷǿ֣߳ûܹκҶС硣
ʱѾۼ˺֣ܶǶ׼֣ƺҪһô¡
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬бһһɿµϯǳأǺƺƣͻܶ˶һǿ־塣
ҵүΪԽˣǿ°˸̾һ˵
Ҳ֪Ǹնɱ˻ôȥҲֻ˵
˭նɱҹһŭĺǳÿ˶ľսġ
һ·ը죬ܶ˵Ķ䶼˵춯
һ֮һɫ۵˳ھ¥¥ϣĿϬޱȣƺҪ̴ռ䣬¥ڵһС
ңɣһӾ¥д漴Զ򿪣˶˴ԵҶСˮš
˭ȻӶҵү˵ǲˡ˵˵
òøĿռΧĿռŤˣһµﰡ
˽ܶ˶ΪҶС֮ڻ̩ɽžߵΪҲΪҶС粻򶨰ˣ
ҶСһ˲䣬ҵү˫Ŀ΢΢һѹնɱԭҲ԰ıȻ룬ôҾ㡣
ҵүһӷ˽ȥҶС棬ղҶСλˮţҶС򿪴һ˲䣬˼ԹԵҶСԣһСϱһ㡣
ݡ
үӸո£һˮͷɵǰƺſ
һץͽͱץǲһɿµİӾƱڴΪҲеԲ
ꡣ
ղҶСʱͿ͸ҶСòƺһʵı赲һ㣬ھҶС棬Ҳ壬ʱҲòǰһλ֡
лľˮүһƱҶС磬ǾƱȻ˿µ
ҶСƵĻ˻䣬ǾƱͱһεȻȵϡ
һĻү˫Ŀ΢΢һ
ǰ˵ʵ֮ϣֲøնɱ
ȻΪһԲϾնɱҲδЩԵ˰ɣүӿҶСʵ
һֻ߲ϵˣûҪֻĳ嶯ҶСûлشʵʵ
⻰үӲһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôá
ȻܹĳҶС罫ӣӵֶεȻֶѡ
ˣҲӦһӾͽնɱ˰ɣүЩʵ˵
ʱѾԷǳᶨȷҶСʵ֮ϣѾ˳ֵĴ㣬֮ô˵ҪһЩѡ
ⷬʮ˵ģѾһˣɱ˱ɱˣĪֻնɱˣͲñնɱˣ߰ɣ黹áҶС絭˵ȻҲҵүӣԹƷζζľˮ
ⷬүзŭѣ뽫ҶСһϧûǸʵ
ΪߣҲװȻвȻܲˬ
ˬ鲻ˬȻᷢˣ̡֪
ȻҲ޻˵ǡү˵Ȼ󼸸˸䣬ʧˡ
ȵү뿪˲γѣƺԼ۾һ㣬Ϊү󣬻һս֪үӣҲҴȥҲҴңûзʲô飬ƺղ˲һ㡣
ûΰɣȻͽˣ˺ܲŵ˵
ôӦð
ܼ򵥵˵ΪһǿޱˣүӲǶ֣Ҳǿĺ̨үҲò˼ɡ˽͵
Ϊ
Ϊǵһ֣ʵǿ󣬳үӡ
ҲôΪġ


2243 Χ
ΧЩֵĻҶС͵ûȻƽȵϣƷЩζ
ү뿪󣬺ܶ˶עҶС磬ƺҪҶСϿЩʲô
ƺ֪ҶСʵǿޱȣһʱ֮䣬Ҿ¥УûһٸҽԷ
ҶСҲֵ徲㷹֮ҶСˮ߳˾¥ʱ¥ſΧ˺ܶĸ֣Ƕڷ׷ҶС顣
ҶС羿ƾʲôǳصİүӵͷ
ҶС߳ЩԶóһ·ҶСĿɨһΧĸ֣Ȼ뿪ƺйһ㡣
ҶСԶ֮ĵ
ȷʵ𣿡
ȷȻӣϵʣԼӰ˵û뵽Ȼ˶򡣡
ȻϽϵ֣һҪ£ЩõЩûʹö١
ã
˵ĻһֲҶСУҶС¶һ˿΢Ц
û뵽ȻܹϳȻҾָ췭ظҪȻ󣬻֪ж˻鷳
ҶСˮйʲôõĶˮš
ԼСʱʱ䣬һϢ򣺰¹ӷҶ˶
һϢֺһֵĴ󱬷Ƿ׷׽ѰҶС磬ҶСᵽһռ򾫻
ÿŶԼΪ˵򾫻ú󣬺޸ãܹͻƵ񾳺ڣ˾Ȼ˵úܹΪǿߡ
ջκ߷񣬺ܶ߶ϢЩΪնɱҶС磬׼ˮ㡣
һʱ䣬ҶС类˷˼֮ϡ
ڶ򴫳һʱ󣬲ʧȫ֪ˡ
ֶܶ׷ŶȥҶСһȻ󲨡
ֶܶΪ˴ҶСеõ򾫻һЩִʱѰҶСд裬ǶͻƳΪǿߣͬսͱҪޱȡ
ⶼΪսƽ򵽵Ķ
Ƕ˵أѵһ㶼𣿡ܶ˵˶ŷҶ֣ˮźĿҶСʵ
Ϣܶ˶ۣȻҲ֪ҶС粢ûĶȻˮĴй䣬ƺҪˮϤΧĻ
ʲôãоǳճһһǺǡҶСһЦ˵
֪϶ЩˣԲŲġˮŵƤһЦ˵
ʱˮſãʲô鶼о棬ҶСĽͣԼĹۿ½һЩϰߵȵȶһ˽⡣
й˰ʱҶСˮ뿪죬ǰ죬뿪ʱҶСϹҳһĨЦ
ԴϢݿͲкֶܶڰиԼƺǲˣ׼ȵٶ֡
ôߵôˮſҶСŲΣƺеɢһ㣬ʵ
ڵˣһ֪ˡҶСЦЦ˵
ˮƶǶĵ˵ͷ
úҶСͻȻһЦ˵ˡ
Ļո£Ȼ䣬ϣĵˮĵˮſֲҶС繥
ĸСѣǾͲųΪߵ𣿡ҶСЦһ˵һ죬ĵˮͱһεһγһˮˮҶСµֱӱһˮޡ
žžžž
ҶСһ˦ˮޱ˿µΧĿռ䶼ڲһĹ켣ܻӶȥ
ʱ䣬ĵҽ漴̲ѪһӾͱնɱˡ
ˮ۳ɵˮ˿˺С
Ϊֻĸ𣿡ͻȻ䣬һ
ҶСܹóүӵǵ֮߳ҶСΧ˶񾳺ڸ֣˵ûдﵽ񾳺۷壬Ҳˣ֮⣬жʮ֣Щ˵ΪͶ۷塣
ЩӦöˡ
ȻǣӦþɣҶСĿһɨ˵
û뵽㾹Ȼǰ¹ӷҶ˵õһռ򾫻ȫĻǻܹһҪȻߺߣĺү䶢ҶС˵
ƾǼҶСǳм˵ƺһ㲻ΧЩַ


2244 ֶ
ԺգҾͲܹԿô֣ǲµ޵ү˵ɱȻ
Ǹ۰ģûҶС羹Ȼô飬һӱնɱˣһ涼
ȻмΪŭҶСǿΪľҶֺú֪ҶС羹Ȼǰ¹ӡ
֪Ϣֱӱĸ壬Ǻһ׼·;нɱҶС磬ȻȡЩ
֮ԲϾǲ˷֣˷ˣնɱҶС磬ҲסЩ
޵ǺǣҵҪǻʲôֶΡҶС˵
ƺΧЩֵĿˮžվҶСԣһֻŵҶС½ǡ
޵үЦһȡ
ɲǼ䣬ΧؼһɫݺύһŴһ㽫ҶСΧĿռȫǡ
һεΰ٣ƺƬռеȫѹʧȥЧͬʱƬеĹȫĶ
ƺԳһռ䣬ˮɫ԰һ֣ҶС״εĹâȫѹŽ˺ܶࡣ
ߣƬѾȫǵĿ֮УΪжߣҪƬصƣһ˵ҶС¶̰ƺҶС統
𣿼Ȼ֪ǰ¹ӣѵǲ֪Ҿͨ𣿡ҶСϹҳһ˿΢Ц˵漴лһεĹ˿ߣһȫǽɫݺύһ
ʱЩɫ·ʲôӦһ㣬һϣŽɫĴ˲ͱҶС绯Ρ
һĻߣΧǶʮ֣һ𾪣жһ˿õԤУǸû뵽ҶС羹Ȼ˿£ϵôּ߳䣬ǺòײõĴ󶼱ˡ
úúãû뵽㾹Ȼô֡һɫ˵֪ν춼ҪһƴףҪȻҶСͻὫеȫնɱ
Ӿݡ
үȶֵģ˫һӷӡɲǼ䣬Χһ䣬죬˶һ⣬һ޴Ӱվ
ǵӰĳ£øߴޱȣ·ѲӾһ㣬ݣֲѹϯⷽء
̧һţݺݲƺҪҶС飬ֱռ䶼ڶˮϵܾγ˼ʮɸߵˮǽ
̺
ʱմҡ

үҲԴԼľѧһ־ȫһ㶼֡
һƬƾո֣˳ӿƺƴ󣬸һɹεҶСΧƺҶСһִУƺ岻ⷽռˣȫ˿

ҶС绺³ĸ֣˫ּιâһĹ켣Щ켣ɢһֿ¹ĳ
ƺͻȻ佻֯һռ䣬Ŀռ䡣
ҶС񾳺۷壬ѾԼ츳ߵڻͨˡ
ʱ䣬˿ֲĹȻƬ۳ɵĿռɢΣ㱣ƺĳضĻС
ͻȻѳһѷ죬Ѫ£ܹ͸ǵĻͻᷢڵĹͷѳѷ졣
ΧǶʮֱ֣ӱ·ɳӶѳһ㣬ֱӻΪ˳ɢ
һĻˮŶˣû뵽ҶСʵȻֱֲͲյ

һүӴضĻ˳ʱѾˣȫѳһѷ졣
һѪŭĿҶС磬ǿ־壬ƺû뵽ҶС˿¡
ΧĸͷȻһ㱣ϵڲϼʱеĿ־ˡ
һһжǿľȻûκЧĸͷȻ״̬С
ûõģԼУܹԼ߳˸ͰﲻæҶС绺˵
㡭㵽ôүӶҶСʵ
ҶСһȻ漴һЦҵģӦҪô
¹ӣǵĲԣһʱͿ飬ŹǣԺԲˣ⣬ǻһЩġүҧҧ˵
ЩҲδ̫˰ɣնɱǣеĶҵģÿ˶ҪΪԼĴۡҶС˵
һιâûпʲôѾүϡ
ۡ
үһѪƺڻһ㣬ͬһʧΪޣˣѾһ׹ǣ꽥ɢ


2245 ȫնɱ
תۼ䣬ǰΧҶСЩȫնɱˣһĻԶЩС
Ǳˮ㣬ҶСֳǿֶÿһ˶ľѡ
̫ˣǰ¹Ӱ
ֲܹõһ޴ռ򾫻
ô񾳺ڸֶԸ治֪ʲôֶοԶԸ
ܶ˸̾˵һ̰˼Ҫ֪үӾȨû˸ǣȻүӾȻҶСȫնɱˣڴͬʱкľӢ
ȻԱ̰вϣ̰Ҳ䵭
ҶСˮվںϣƲ˫ĿɨΧЩһۣЩֶһ˲ҷ˼
ߡҶС絭˵һ䣬Ȼˮֱʧ˭Ҳ֪ҶСȥʲôطרŶܵĻûܹҵ
ôֻص죿ҶСִˮɻʵ
ҶС˵һ䣬Ȼһǳڡ
Ȼǳڻ󷨲ãǸѲҶС磬Χöķתֽյ󷨸ͶûκεӰ졣
ǳڵһж֮У˾վУƺȴʲô
ûһһϢϾȻ󲨣ưүȫնɱˡ
һϢֳƿ졣
ǻãҿǶˣҪȻ߻֪ᱻѹȶꡣ
ǰǼүӳаԵͲ߷ʲôöǾͻȥ
˵Ӳѱ߲ݣרѱ߲ݡ
û취˭ǵʵҲֻôһ㣬Ƭ죬۸ǻУǵ棬ͻ첻
ôֵĻҶСһǳĸۡϿգ֮ڣ˵ҶСҰС
һȺˡþãҶСߵ˫⻮һ·ûۡڡ
һһ䣬һööĴйնһûգһֽЩڡ
СʱʱҶСֹͣ
ߣȥĳǳء
ҶСǳأǳڵĳǳأſһ£ˣֽ֮ˣԼѹˡ
ЩҶСסĸۡȫ󷨣ȻЩ˸;첻ҶС粼󷨵ˮƽѾֿ¾磬˵ֻҪ󷨣һۣ֪֧ܽṹҪٵ֮䡣
Щ󷨺ҶС뿪ˣϿա
ղʲôˮźʵ
󷨣һˡҶСЦЦ˵ȻĿͶϵۡ
һʱ䣬ۡ¹âһ·ƣۡȫ
һɹͬӵңȫӿС
Ĺâ졣
󷨵ļµܣһҽۡ
Ҫ
ĵĴҵĽƬռ
ҶСĮĿһУһԵˮƺЩһ㣬ҶС硣
ղŲǰЩ׼նɱǣôǱɱǣôģ˾ǴˣһͿԻٵԼǵˣһޱȣҲοҲϲԼβͣеնݲ紵ҶСһ侲˵
ˮƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ʱЩҽȻϣµۡڵ
Χܶ˶ڹۿǶһȻƺû뵽ĩô졣
ǻãǰǱӦˡ
Ҳ֪˭õôǿ󷨣ȻҪնɱǿ°
¶붼ǰ¹ӷҶֱʣҪ֪ŲǰնɱүӣϿҲֶֻΡ
пܣΪŭǿ£ѣһһˣȻһնɱô֡
ܶ˿Ĳ״׷ۡ
úĸۡΪһƬһ˶ûˣЩҲȫ
һѣΧһĺȫ£ƺһ㼦Ƥ
ԺǧҪǰ¹ӣ
˶նɱˣҶСˮȥȥΪĵ졣
ҶС뿪ûжúһӶǿ߷׷׽٣ǶѰҶСټ˵ȫҶСնɱûһʱЩгһĨɵȻûзѰҶСټ


2246 
ȻһЩ˼ʶҶСǿ󣬵ȻвʣûԸԼΪĻᣬðһҲֵֻõġ
պʱ䣬ҶСˮųһƬﵺȺȥ飬ȥǧ졣
ȻЩ޴ޱȣһƬ½еֻзԲʮ๫ѡ
ƬȺҶС֪ǶΪĵط
Ϊ޴ıǺˣνĴɺܶɵģЩУһЩȨ˳˴˵ĺ쵼ʲôĻЩ˱һ顣
˵⻹ġ
Ȼڶ򣬲ֻôһˣˣ֮䣬ܲͷڲһġ
ƽй򣬵ȴǷӿ
ҶС˳һϣϷޱȣΪԭʼȻǵΪʥе̺ǿ
ǲ׽ȻȡһЩĶǵײ
ﻹзޱȵĽ֮أһĽֵûнǳأƺǾýǳغܲ㡣
ܱߵһЩдĽԿķӦǽģȫƾڵԴʹ½ԴĽ
ҶС翴˺иָ壬Ƕཻ׵ġ
ƺںͺЩĽײУ׽ޱȡ
֮ǰҶСؼΪΪˮűһɴڵסò¾Ƿǿߵܹ͸
ҶС粢ûиıò־磬ûбҪˣο鷳ģΨ²ҡ
ȻΪǷǿҲκβ
һʼʱҶС粢ûбע⵽Ƕæµ飬ҶС߹һ¥ʱϳҶС硣
ʱ䣬ֵ𣬶ǹҶСģûжú󣬱Ϣ򴫵˳¹ӳ˺˵һ׵ϡ
Ϣ˳ȥ󣬺ܶ߶˹ǶͷҪ飬ƺ³һ㡣
ʱҶСѾʧ磬˶֪Ҷ¹ӷҶһŭ֮£նɱи֣Щûһѡ
Ϊ׵ҶСûг֣ǲó˾󷨣һϢȥ󣬺ܶ˶ҶСӼɵˡ
ܶˣԼЩˣײҪҶС磬˾һҪնɱҪȻԲðɣ
Ƕ£ҶСڵĵطóһ󷨣ôǻĸͳ׵ûˡ
ʱЩ˶ҶС̰ͼҶСǸռõĶֺµǣ֮ڶҶС˾ᡣ
Էͨ󷨵ĻǾԻ֣Ǿͨ󷨾Ͳͬˣ˭֪Էʲôʱ㲼һǿ󷨡
ˮתһҸĸְҵȵȻҶСͻȻ¶һ˿Ц
ˮŶûע⵽ҶСʮֶ͵͵ĸ󣬻һЩУЩ˷ֱڲͬ
Щ˻Ϊûб֣װر񣬼ֱȥԱˣϧǸӲҶСĲ
ϰƽһĹȻɴķĹɣҶСС
ˮɻĿҶС磬̲ס˵һ䣬ղСɭǲҪɱ˭ˣ
аҲ뵽һЩѡҶСЦ˵
ˮżתƣߵĺܻй䣬˭ûע⵽ÿ߳һ·һεûڡ
εγһööķģһЩ
ҶСˮŶûע⵽ҶСĶ˵Щͨ󷨵ĸߡ
ȻǵҪͲЩǶסҶС磬ҶСˡ
ǿҶСڲйѣûʲôĿġ
˺þúҶС緢ּԭԽ࣬Ƭռкɨ
к֣ܶȴû˸㶯֣˭ͷ񣬸οҶСûһİգǾԲҳ֡
ףǸղŲѾ߹ôڻߣͻȻˮɻѯʵ
һ飬࿴˵úеԱȣ˵ǺкôġҶСЦ˵
ŶԭҾͶ࿴ˮһȻͲ֪ҶС粻˵һѣΪľǴǡ
һ·ϣˮžһʵĺѧͣǸҶС統Ȼ͡
ΧЩҶСˣΪҶСǴˮй䣬ȻɻǸû뵽ҶСϢĲһĴ


2247 ͻ
ʱĽţҶСĸԽԽ࣬һˮŶоľҲܹогɱҶСȻƽһ㣬Ͳһ£Ȼﲻϵߣʼմ͵ĹâΧһС
תۼ䣬䣬һʱȥˣҶСĲ֪вˡ
һͷ˼飬һ󷨣ΪǿޱȣҲԲȻķѵĲľ˵ľ޵ģһǿ󷨣ҪЩع򣬻һС
ѾһˣҲúˣȥһ¥һҶСһȻЦŶˮ˵
ðҶС⻰ˮһ¶˻ϲı飬һǳ˵ӣȷʵѾˣйһ죬ôܹġ
ҶΧЩˡĵʵ
Щ˻ڰмҶСĶҶСȫûжЩ˾ҶС磬ƺǺҶСʧһ㡣
ˮȻҲоЩˣҲ֪Щ˵ĿҶС硣
ںС󷭲˻ҶСν˵
ˮϲľҶСֵȻı顣
ҶС˵仰ʱģΧһЩһɫޱѿʲôʾûУ֪ԼͲҶСĶ֡
ߡҶС˵һ֣ɲǼʧԭأҶСֵʱѾһ¥ſˣֱ˽ȥ
ЩҶСټĸǿҶСͻȻʧһˣΨѰҲҶСټǻᱻ֡
ҶСˮų¥ʱ¥һӾͰ˶붼һЩֵˣȻЩŻֵˡ
ǵ̬ȣҶСûںֱ˾¥¥һλϡ
СҲЩ죬ϽС˹ҶСҪЩʲô
ҶСʱ׼ҪһЩĲȣһ뵽ˮžһʱȡǸ㣬ҪһЩɽҰˣһЩˮȻЩҰˣ̺ޱӴ󣬼۸Ȼܹ
þ֮Χ˲ŷ׷
ʱЩ׷ҶСټˣһҶСʱһ¥ʱһ¶˷ܵЦݣ׷ҶСڵ¥ȥһʱ䣬︽ɽ˺߾ۼ
һӶסϵˡ
ΪҶСһֱûжֵԭ򣬺ܶȻ˵ҶСͷĵ׻ЩŷǶڹ̸ҶС顣
˵ҶʵǿޱȣҿҲˣҪȻ綼ֽЩնɱˡ
ǧҪŭ¹ӣ˵¹һŭѪǧʬõӡ
ߣ˭֪ǵ˭Ľʱû˿
ȷʵˣҿǴͷѡ
ܶ˺ҶС磬ĵļʣⲻ
Щ˵ĻҶС͵ûǷǰͳնЩˣôĺ쳾˺ܶ࣬˺ܶࡣ
ںô˵ֻҪԼˣˮȻûֳȵԸôڮҶС磬˵ǳݺݵĽЩˣƺеŭйЩϡ
һʱͻȻ䣬Ƭռһʺ֣ʺ᳹գۼ
һӲʺһ˼ʻĿĵؾ¥ĸϣɫȹŮӾվ裬
ϵ˶һ쾰
˭ˣôƴ󡣡ɻʵ
ҲµĲĻڵӦþͻӣͻӳбشŮλŮÿɫ㡣
šŮ꣬Ѿͻӵר˭ѧġ
ͻʱҲܳͻӿһһŮӣŮһǸͬ⣬û뵽ڶʱ䣬ǸˣǸڵƮ˻䣬ʻһ޴ķĹ
ΧܶŶͻӵ¼
˵ͻӵˣÿͷȥ¶Ľ֮ɫһ˿ļʡ
ʱҹУ죬һֱӵ¥¥һǰ
ͣգһɫ۵˳ͷ񷢹ڣ񣬶ǰһɰΪţ忴ŮӰ绪ģֱŮӻҪƯ
ͻӵӣҶС粻ɵñų֣
ͻӷڵǸ磬ԻΪ


2248 
ͻӷ绪Ů˻ҪƯ󣬽ŲȺţŮ֧󣬻Ʈ衣
ֱӴǸ߽ˣȻĿͶ˴Ǹλϵ֣۷ǿߡ
ǿͻӵȻ˶Է˼֮ͥ£ҪǾ뿪˼λӣ̫ˡ
뿪һŮߵŲǰ˵
ƾʲô뿪ΪҲӦи󵽵˳ɣһֺܲ˵һ˿˿Ĳ
ν⣬ȻЩ¡
ҪŮЦһ˵Ӷһлӳ˲㽫ֹУӴȥ

һҽǿڰеʱ򣬱ĻиС飬Ѫ䡣
һĻ¥УܵĸֶˣѻȸƺǴû뵽ͻӾȻ̡
ʱ򣬵СƨƨߵС˹׼ʰˡ
Լʰǵĺöȫͻ˵Ϊϸ壬ŮһתҶСһƤ
ǡСʹ뿪
ʱŮͬʱ֣һâ˳ǵĹâ֮»Ϊޡ
ƬƬ裬ЩһƬĵط۳һΡ
ʱͻӲŻϣŮվһĹӡ
µʱ򣬵СϽһЩƷĲȣСƶƺ˶Էһ㡣
Ǹռ䣬Ǵûмû뵽絹Ǽˣķ籩ǲСͻĿͶҶС˵
ɵķ籩ҲСҶСؾһ䡣
ʱ¥оĵģû˸Ҷ˵һ仰ڲҶСͻӵĶԻ
˵߸һ㣬Ӧþɣ㻹ıķҪҪ͸ңҿԳְԸһЩˣôͻĿƳƳˮ¶һ˿ĺ棬һ˿ĺȤ
Լ飬Լ׼ֵĻҲ϶һʬҶСƽ˵
Ǻǣû׼ֻ֣֣˳㿴¹ӵʵǷ紫Եɴ˼Ȼҵ鿴͸ڶԽԽȤˡͻһĨĹâҶС硣
ԷĿ⣬ҶСһģĿܲˡ
ҶûȤҶС˵һ䡣
һǱֹͣ˵ΧĸԽԽ࣬񾳺ڸϰ񾳺ڸֲϳ֡
ûúͻȻ䣬һ⻮ƳգⰵҹＫΪۣ˿ȥֻһվһϣ¥ٶȼ졣
ݡ
˲ʱ䣬ͳ¥ɫΪɫͼۣһͷڷȻ´˵Ʈݣ˸һּΪĸо
䡪
ߵһλǰû˵пµĹâһӱסֱˣѪܷɽϹâɢЩѪҺȫ赲
մѪΧһЩϵЩҲɽѪ
һĻ󣬺ܶɫѿһŭ졣
һӣϵѪҺȫʧˣ
ιնɱЩˣǵѪҺķɽǵϣʲô˼һ񾳺ڸվʵɫΪѿ
ǣһվ
Ҳһ񾳺ڸֶѣſʲô
ߣֵܣ±һ˵ҪȻͱǲˡ
жʮվǹͬĿͶƽȵꡣ
ôֵüͷûж˵ʲô
ž
㵽׸һʱȿͷվ񾳺ڸ˹ݺݵǰϡ
ӳǷûб飬˶ףһˡ
ʱһɫâڷ
ۡ
ûпʲôɫâʧǶʮԴ䣬ѪҺ˶ûθڳԷ
ǵģúõسԷΪҪɱɱأͻӰ̾˵ȻʮŵĳϵЩˣƺûܵղЩɽѪҺЩʬӰ졣
һ̼䣬ͻӵ⣬˶û˵һ仰ƺղֶξסˣ˭û뵽˵ɱ˾ɱˣһ׶ûУһ仰Ҳ˵ĺһֻĵ
Ѫζľ¥УˮҲԲȥˣĬĬĿܣһֿҶС硣
ҶСȴûܵһ˿Ӱ죬óԵĳԸúȵĺȡ


2249 
ǡӡ
ʲôӣֲãֲôɱ飬ʵǿ󡣡
˵ӣΧЩһɴ۾ͬʱ¶ɵ֮ɫ
Ȼһʱ䲢ܹͰ¹ӡͻӵȵȵͷУԻ֮ղһϵеֶξ˵һЩ顣
ͻȻ䣬ӽĿͶҶСͻӣ˵һ䣬һǱһ
һΪҲΪЩҶС絭ȻһЦ˵
лһȡ˵һ䡣
Ļ֮ʱͻȻ䣬ƺǸӦʲôһ㣬˶ͷգֻһƬƮ
ת˲䣬ʮɫӰ¥¥ϣʮ˵Ϊ񾳺ڣһ˵ĵ񾳺۷壬ڡ
Ǻڼ׹ӣǰһʱ䣬ȥϻ壬ϰɱһѪ·նʮ䣬˴Դ
¹ӡڼ׹ӡͻӡӣĹѾۼҲҪ˰ɣ
˵Ѿ˲ûгְˣ
ڼ׹ӳ֣Щ˷׷۵
ҶСŤͷ˴⣬ʮӰʱЩ΢΢⣬û뵽νĺڼ׹ӾȻǺڼҾ죬Ⱑ
ּˡڼ׹ӿҶС˵ȫڼװϻֻ֣¶ֻ۾ޱȡ
ǰּˣ֪Ե겻ɢҶСЦһ˵
һڼ׾ǰһһһ˼ҶС繥
ոյҶСǰʱͱһε赲סˣȻ󱻷ֽΡ
ڼ׹ӣ˻ûò˵ķݣ㲻ĻһҶС絭˵
ҶСûжͽ񾳺ڸֵĹΣ˫Ŀ΢΢һУ¶֮ɫû뵽ҶСʵôǿƵ䣬ǵµĹͱˡ
¡ʱڼ׹ӿ˵ղźҶСĺڼ׾еĸ¶һ˿Ĳ֮ɫȻȥ
ҵ˻òĿӦ֪˰ɣѾۼ˺֣ܶܶĸ߿¶õӵеЩһ̲ôණɣóҶһ£ҪȻҪˣΪǿޱȣҾͲţܹԸô֣ڼ׹ӶҶС˵
⻰һҶСоĿͶкܶҶСչе֮С
¥ԶǶעߵ񾳺۷֣ҶСͲʮһµְ
Щ˲ó󷨣¾ǷǿҲҪâ
ǺǺǣҼǵ㵱Ҳõ˲٣ǽһͨ񾳺ڸ֣¾ϰ˶ĲɣóôƣôҶС絭һЦ˵
һ⻰ڼ׹ɫһ䣬뽫ҶСƵ˼ϣû뵽ҶСֽת
Ҫϻ⣬ǸռʱֻõЩ򾫻࣬֮ɣǸûõ٣ô򾫻óȽϺãҪȻôֲ뿪ģ˵ǲǣڼ׾һȻ󻺻˵
ԣ¹ӣ㻹óһְɣһԲһӣôĶҲĲ˰ɣһ񾳺ڸֽ
ó˰ɣ˲̫̰ˣҪȻ¹ͷҲδл뿪졣
ѾΧˣӶӲˡ
һѡ⣬ֻҪóôҶˣǾͷŹ㡣
ֶܶվ˳һ̰Ĺâǰδеͬ飬ƺҶС統׼Ϸһ㡣
Щ˶񾳺ڵĸ֣ǲôҶС磬ϾѾ񾳺ڸˣһ仰˵ǴʱûʸԣȻҲǺ£Լնɱ
ʲôʸҷָǣЩȻҵõģӦþҵģҵĶΪʲôҪó֣ҶСЦһ˵ɲǼ䣬¥еľƿҶСˡ
ߣĹӦ޷Ǿǿʳ˭ӵеĶ̫ۺˡڼ׹ӿҶС˵
ڼ׹ӣó֮һԸ𣿡ͻȻҶСһЦʵ
ڼ׹ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻϽ˵ܣ֮һҲԲ£Ҫ˶ֵһ㣬Ϊƽġ
֪ҶСûģ˾ԲӦҪȻҶСͽˮ


2250 һ
ڼ׹ӵĻõΧֵ֧֣һΨ²ңĺУЩڰùɴ£˿Ǵʱʲôط
ȽõЩ򾫻óĻҲǵõǵõķ֮һҶС絭˵
ҶСĻڼ׹üͷһ壬ƺû뵽ֳϡ
ߣôõķ֮һⲻſڿ𣿡ڼ׹ĿҶС˵
Ȼ˵ˣôΪôõôⲻſڿӡҶС絭˵ֱöԷĻз
㡭ǿʶô뽫Ǹռ򾫻óҪȻͱЩֲˡڼ׹ӶҶСݺݵ˵
׳աҶС粻м˵֡
ȷʵǰ׳գ⻹ܹ³𣿺ڼ׹ӣ̲ðͻȻ䣬һƬؼ
漴һɫâ֣һ彿СŮӱ˾¥УŴǰȫ£ƤҪλĲȫ¶˳ֻСѾлȥǽϵǳɫڲϵ춯
ŮЦɵɡ
ŮӵĻڼ׹ǳ˳飬һ۲ƺŮӺܼɵһ㡣
СħŮһ
ǾСħŮȻ˰
ȻСħŮˣôҲҪ˰ɣû뵽¹ӵôΪ˾ȻˣҲ֪᲻ǿߡ
ֶܶ˵ͷʢﲢȱЩЩʵĸ֡
㣬үүǶɣ˼Ҷ˵ʱСħŮں˸оڼҵСһ㡣
Ϊͷ˻Ϊûκɱ
ǺǺǣ߲ˣû뵽ϾȻۼôˡһɣ漴һ˽ͷñ£ֳһһ㹳Щײûʲô
ֺ̳󣬾иóһλá
лллллͷӡûпֱ
Ȼóλõ˲ϰףǺһϳ֣նɱˡ
û˲ʱ򣬾¥ͻȻһӰһŮӣɫȹƮƮŮһ㣬üһƺЩ߰
ӣû뵽Ǵ˵еλ˶ˣѵһ˸̾
̫ˣҲ֪εʢʲôķʽ
Χֶܶڿ֣ƺΨ²һ㡣
ɱҵܵܡʱ˭Ҳûע⵽бų⣬ĿҶС˵
ɱ̫ˡҶСؾһ䡣
ɱȻȴһֱûж֣ƺڼɵʲô
˵ҶСնɱĵܵܣΧֶܶ¶˷ܵĹâһ˿ֻ
ҶõĶɣҪȻͲҪ뿪ˡͻȻ䣬һƬռһ羪һ㡣
֪䣬һҶСЩɱأƺʱܹ
Χַ׷׽Щĸֶ񾳺ڣֻи˽񾳺۷塣
ĸЩһԲˣڵȴᣬƺֻҪҶС¶һ˿ǾͻֱӽҶСնɱ
ʱϵײЩѾʶҪʲôˣ׷뿪Ҿ¥ϰ壬СѾʧˡ
ƾЩôôáҶСȻȻƺڵȴʲôһ㡣
þãþãƬѾЩȫˣҶСվˮŸϽվҶСߡ
ΪҶС׸ֻдҶСߣİȫб֤
䡪
ҶСϿֲƱ˳ͬǻͻſµѹѹ
ܵҶС籬Ŀƣ˵ɫһ䣬ѿޱȣܹжϳҶСʵʲôز
Ȼܶмɵޱȣһ뵽ǿռ򾫻Χĸ֣Ƕ
ΪȻҶСʵǿ󣬵ҲܹԸôǿߣ¾Ƿ۸ҲҺôӲƴ
Ѿˣ˲඼ѾˣǲҪõЩĸʵĻɣҶСһɰ죬趯һ緢˵ʡ
ʹֵ̹Ȼ̬Ⱥ͵Ӿúܶѡ
ɱ
ɱǾܹõЩˡ
䡪
һֲƱ˳ôֱƼ۳һɣһ̼䣬򶼱ˡ
˶ֲܵơ


2251 ʮ
һǿϿպƵܶǿվգĶҶС磬ƺֻҪҶС춯ǾͻµĹֱӽҶСĩ
û뵽־Ȼô࣬ĹʺǡҶС绷һһЦɢһַġ
ɲǼ䣬εĹâȫڵعƺı䡣
ء
һʱ䣬ЩվеĸȫûзֱӴе쳣Ǳֵܵ˼ƣܹá
˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ飬һʱ䣬˾¥УиЩ⣬طĸֶˡ
󷨣ʲôʱ󷨣оƬռı仯һ񾳺۷˫Ŀ΢΢һҶСʵ
ǰõ󷨣ʮ̵ӡ󡣡ҶС绷һܣȻһЦ˵
Ļ£˺ˮֱʧʱֵĿ¹ղҶСվĵطֱӱһڶ
ǿֲӣΧݱݻ١
ΧЩɫĿ£û뵽ȻıʣƣҪѰҶС綼ѰҲˡ
󷨣¹ӾȻ󷨣
ˣǶҪˣˮƽѾһ۷壬ûܹƽ⡣
ƣҲܹգܶܵƣܶлֲ̿׼ҶСһսģ֪ûпսǾ˱״̬
뵽ĲҵҶС磬նɱҶС磬ô죬֣ܶչٶȣŵУϧƺһϣǸܲȥ˺ܳһʱ䣬ֻصԭء
ģоȻԻơ
Ƕˣֲһʱ䲻תƣԭڲ󷨡һЩɫѿ˵
䡪
ͻȻ䣬һâӵ³𣬷Բǧڵȫൺӿ˹һ˶ĸ֡
ʱѾʽصһööҫһ·ڽתŸ
ϱֹâܼȲףܶ񾳺۷ɫѿ˼㡣
ϵĸһѶѣһشأǽ֮ɫôƳ󷨣뿪ĵط
̫ƻˣû뵽¹ӾȻôƻֲʼնһƵӣԭǲ󷨡
еĸǣû˶󷨣ж󷨵ˣϽϵȫƻ˰ɣͻȻ䣬˴
Ƿƽʱϵ˶ܹ⻰ϧĿǰֻзԲڵܹ
˽ź仰ſ˭󷨡
Ҷ󷨣ǰ¹Ӳõ̫ǿˣҸûа취Ƴ
ܶථ󷨵˶ô˵ģֻһúܶ˵Ĵˡ
ʱ䣬ͻȻ䣬ر仯ƺռ䱻ָĲ֣ÿһռвͬľ
ܶ˶ЩͬĿռУȫĶԿЩͻĹ
ҶСˮվ⣬ŵڵһ״
ڣѾȫֹγɣѾиֿʼˣЩ걻˳ӵǰ˳ɵ
ʱţĸԽԽࡣ
Ҷ㲼ʲôӢۣб£㽫󷨴򿪣Ǹ㵥
ܻܶЩг˿־壬˭֪ʲôʱֵܹǡ
׳գѵ׼˵һ𣿿ǻǺоģһѻɣҶС˶ˡ
һʱܶ˶ͷ϶˺飬ڵͷ۵ˣһѻĻ֪أ
ҶСվУ˫ֲлһǹк۳һϸߣȻһû˵С

ʱ䣬һҽֶܶǿµâˣЩ񾳺ڸҲ⡣
һĲҽͻӡ̡ĸֶżˣһŭѣǱ
ΪԶҶС磬֪ҶСֱһ󷨾ͽǽˡ
¹ӣֻϹۿģû뵽ҪԸ㡣
ǰŹǰɣ
ܶ˿ʼ˵ĶС£ǽڲٵһֻҪܹţʲôˡ
ߣˡҶСƬռ
⻰ܶ˵һӳȥֽҵ˼ȫûˡ
Ҷ㲻úϣֶܶڴȷҪô𣿡
ѵΪʧĹУ
ִֻܶЩĸһԲ֪˵ʲôѾ̫ˣ󺰴Уô뿪ط


2252 ǿͻ
ʲô鷳Ҳٲôһ󡣡ҶС˵
ĻһЩĸ֣û˻
ϣâǧһع򻯳˸ָĹʽϾ󣬷׵ȵȻÿʱÿ̶
ҶСˮվУ翴һĵӰһ㡣
᲻е̫ˣѾôˡˮС࣬ҶС˵
ᣬЩ˲Щ᲻̨ˣĸֻûпʼأôҶС˿Ϊ֮
·ĵϣɱҽڶҶСĿʼնŵЩ񾳺۷ĸ֣˵Щ˲ΪҪģ˶޹ؽҪ
ֻҪЩ񾳺۷ĸֶˣôʧͻʧܶˣȻҲвв
ϵȻڼһԵĹâھִܶһҶСγɵĿռ䣬ֽһһƺ޾һ㡣
Сʱʱ䣬ϵЩ֣Ѿ֮ˣʣ˶ս鼫Ϊḻĸ֣Щ˵Ϊûһ񾳵ġ
һҶСɫͻȻ˫Ŀ⣬Űҹһ˵ɣ
ףƾΪȻܹңǲһ㡣һʵƬռһ̼䣬ڰһâ֣ǳ𣬴˺ڰâɣɲ˲ע
һɫ۵ˣװϿǺԼװ硣
üĿ価ϣһ֪ǳڸλɵƣΧռ΢΢Գһռ䣬ƺΧعͷı䡣
Ƿǿߵ𣿡ҶС
һκͷǿ߽Ӵվǿǰ͸оԼƺһ磬ѹҲǶԷʵǿԭ
û뵽ǰһλǿߣ⡣ҶС粻˵
ҶС粢һǰҲǶأȻҲǲΪУٶڲ룬ϾԷǷǿߣûдﵽʵܹͶԷƴһƽ֡
ҶС̬ȣǿЩ⣬ЩߣһģҶСϹʵһֽƽ̬ȡ
ӿҶСһۺȻĿͶ·ĵ죬˫Ŀ棬̺žĹĿǹ֯ɵ·
ֶΣǣû뵽ԹȻôлкܶҶĹпռʱĹõ¯࣬ϣʧҲҲܹ࿹⣬¾ұУʧҲƣС㡣ǿ˵ĿĹâ
ͽȻƱƺһ㣬ҶСȫ֣иһеĹâݺݵĴҶСϡ
Ȼ㣬ǲϿ㣬Ǻ˵ĵ̣ȴں˵ĵϲɱô֣µƳҲһ˵ǲ˵ˣӽıҶС˵
ǰͺʲôϵҶСһʵ
˾ģ˵ʲôϵЦһ˵
ҶСһͻȻε˵ұǰһսڿòսˣǰΪӣҪǿߵʵжǿ󡣡
ҶСĻƺԷǿߣҲһ㶼£˷ܣûкͷǿ߽֣ھһᡣ
к󱲸ôսǵһƾֻҪʹˣұһĿҶСһۡ
лǰҶС˵ȻĿͶˮţҡ
硭
ģҲġҶСЦЦͽȻһööĴйնٶȼ죬һûΧС
תۼ䣬һ׵󷨾ͱóˣˮŰУ⵱ȻΪˮŵİȫ롣
ȤĿһĻ˿ûвֵ˼
ֱҶС罫һв̾ϵѾĵزǱ̬
лǰ佱ҶСЦЦ˵Ȼһ߳˸䣬һӱǧ֮⡣
ҶСΪ˲Ӱ쵽ϵ⣬ûе죬һ޼ʣʺս
ҶСĶЦЦ˵˼
£ҶСĶһޣ˸䣬ҶСڵƬطңң࣬벻һ


2253 ս
ããϣһ⻪죬һֱ֯ܶڵϣһӲϵܶ˶
ǲϵĺҶСǳȥڴ˿ĶϡԶԶĳ̰ĶЩڣڲ뵽
Щ񾳺ڸ֣һǱӦָĹͬʱǻڿʲô취ܹ
һƬϣҶСǿվȻ䣬ƺһ㣬ֲޱȵͬʱⷽϵ
ΧĺˮǿƵӰ£׷ըγһˮ
ԷǿߣҶСս죬ȹһεĳһ̺࣬⡣
Ȼֻ̽ԵĹһְ̺ȻСķǿò档
Σǲ֪˵ǿ߻Ǹоˣ˫Ŀ΢΢һͻȻ䣬ΧĿռ䶼ŤԶԶȥΪģγһԲ·һ硣
һķҶСǵεȥҲ˺ܶ࣬ǸԲڹ¸ı䣬ȫǿߵȥı䣬еҲıˡ
ǷǿߵĿ£Ǿּ䣬ıһؼй򣬼Ͳ˼
ùĹǿһĨ˷ܵĹâ
һɣǬ֡
ǿ˫΢΢ڿռлռ䲨ˣ漴һĳһȫǹĽ֯Ļ·һ㡣
һҶСĵ׳һֲɿܵûг赲бһ赲סĸо
зУҶСһһֹѹֵں˺ܶࡣ
һƺ̺һ磬ԷҪĥ
磬ôȱأҶСͻȻЦһ˵
˫Ӷ˼н֯һӰЩӰǷɶ˻һ㣬һưС
ӰԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼ
䡪
Ȼ䣬ǿߴһȫˣЩ֯˿ߣѣԷĹһӱΡ
ԷҶС֮һ˿ڷչ˼ºͻǴеĻ򣬵ȻǸУع仯
ҶСԭһӴӽԷĹΪΡ
úãû뵽㾹Ȼܹôһʧ磬񾳺۷ΪܹһƵ˸Ͳڣǵһǿе˷֮ɫΪŨˡ
˵ʵڷǿУֶϣ־۽۶ͬˣֶΧһյĸоӵ԰ıǮ
ٽһʽǨ
ǿߣ˫лһ·䣬ǧ綼𶯡
һɫâⰵҹޱ˫ֵĻ£һĽɫâۣתγޱȷĹ⻪
ݡ
ǿ˫ĿɲǼ䣬һɫâһӣҪҶСû
ǽɫâûӹҶС͸оһŵϢ׺ɣת䣬µıǨ
а̵Ŀռʱ򣬻лȵȶֶǿ֮
䣬ɽӵòϱ仯棬һֿµĴûʲôܹ赲
һɫâƺҪҶСУֿµĹûĥ顣ǹŴɧʷĳûзһ˻ʧˣûмǵסġ
оЩҶСһǿߵֶιȻ޷ǲعµĳҲ˺ܶ飬磬ʱĿ䣬ȻƣǱκ˶
ǳĽɫâҶС֪޷⣬εĹâڵɢЩεĹâΣγ˸ɫĹââİ£ҶС翴ϼµİɽһֿȻͬĸо
ʱױ䣬Ĳ䣬±ǨȻҶС绺˵
һַڷ·ħһ㣬ΧЩɫâĹ
ʱ򣬽ɫâҶСУȫûҲҶСټˡ
ӦǱǹû˰ɣе̫ļˣһʱûпסһĻǿЩûڵ˵ƺԼӦȫһ㡣
ʱͻȻ䣬ƬռһԻõɫʣޱȡ
ꡪ
һ׵ȫû׵н䣬Ȼȥ䣬ǿΧԳһռ䣬кܶϡ


2254 ƽ
ף꣬ͻȻֵǿҲͷоƬռеعδı䣬ȴı仯˾ȡ
ͻȻ䣬׺ͱʧһƬƬݻƵҶ£һϢ
ЩҶҲĴǿΧĿռ䣬ķ䣬ϡ
תۣѩƬƬݻƵҶֱ˷׷׵ѩѩӨޱȣƺ˸оֶ⾳
Χٴһ䣬һ︴յϢƬռе䣬ƺб̲ڷѿڽⶳ
ʱһļĽ档
䡪
Ȼ䣬ɫâ֯ĳӱ˿ҶСӰ¶Ȼϼɫȴһ˿Ĳ԰ף߻Ѫӿһ֪ˡ
ղһʮɵҸû֣û뵽ȻӵзǿߵսΪŵ񾳺۷˿µʵ֪㵽˷ǿߵľʵжǿǷܹһѹеķǿߣǰǽܹţӦ֪ǿߵѹǲµġǿ߽ĶҶС˵
棬Ѿ˵ˣΪҶС鷳ģںˣôƾҶСǵĵϺôʼ˵أοҲΪ¼סͷ
ΪôԶңʱҶСͻȻ俪˵¶һ˿΢Ц
ʲô˼ǿԲһ˿ĲԾ
ҶСЦЦû˵
ͻȻ䣬ǿڴһɫһ䣬԰ޱȣ۽ǲͣضš
³ɣҪȻһսȥƻءҶСĵĿ˵
ۡ
ҶСĻ£ǿһѪѪƣ֮ͬ˵ѪҺ
û뵽ʵû뵽㾹Ȼˣöû˵ĸоˣһƽˣһ㻹ܹסôұŹ㡣ǿ߶ҶС˵
ղ˵ҶСʵܹͷǿǲһЩάĻˣƾҶСܹˡ
ղһֵĽУҶСѾƣȻ˹ˣ˵ҶСʵҲ൱
ģһǿ߾Ȼһ񾳺۷ֹˣҲ̫ûˣ˲һ
һҶСסˣ֪սȥҲܾ˵ľ棬ʱ̣ܲˣǲ˵ĺá
ǿߵȫҶС׽Ȼ֪Էе롣
ȹɣҲҶС絭˵漴ϵƴ䣬һ̵΢΢ɢҹ˵ԣ֮һּΪߴĸоƺĿռ䣬ػܹ
ûһա
ҶСƬռ춯ͬʱΪģһεĲɢ˷Բʮ๫Ŀռ䣬ռУΧһƺıˡ
û˴󺣣û˺ҹʱţпռ·ʱյյ㣬ܹһعȥδ˸оĪ⡣
ҶСΪĵƬռ䲻ϵתǿƺУĿͣϵĲÿһ£Ͼͻѳһѷ죬ɫѪҺʶ¡
ûжúǿȫѪ쳣ҡ

ͻȻ䣬ǿߴһⷽռ䣬ȫûκ׵Ķպһȭ
һȭ̺ſµǴƿռǿΪԻͲõһȭ˵һȭ۷壬Լȫգͬع
һȭ£ΧĿռһڵѷ죬ڵѷУҶС俴˺ɫЩɫƺεؽƬռס
һĻҶСһ
ɫʲôѵǽĶ뵽Ǹ˵еľĪҪǴڵҶС
û뵽ԼȻ俴Щ
ǡ
ͻȻ䣬ƺʲôѵҶСɫһ䣬ȻһѪɫ԰׵Ŀ£һ֪˺صˡ
ʱǿҲָ˿ήңҲᣬղһȭǺķȫдһ˿ļɵҶС硣
ѵһڴΪ˷ǿߺķɣһսǳ˭Ҳκβ˭ʹ˰ֵˡǿ߿ҶС˵
ãղһսҲǳһʼͷӳһȭˮƽǸͲڱˣҿֱӶҶС絭һЦ˵
һȭҷӲֻضĻвܹҿ˶áǿ˵ȻҶСߡ


2255 Ļ֮
ǿѾҶСǿʱʵ֪սȥҲ޲οĿҲﵽˣ˱˶֡
սǿ˸ΪǿĹֻҪһʱ䣬ΪҶС粻˷ǿǿҲ˴ӷǿͨǸ˵ļ
˴ս˵ã˵˫Ӯľ档
վһ̸Ŷع⣬йĿ̸򣬴˵мȡԼҪĶ
һϯʤǧУû뵽Եôأֱǳ˵ϡǿ߿ҶС˵
ǰһϯҶҲõ˾޴ĺôҶСǫ˵
⺣ģͿҵϣһЩɱ¾ɷ񣿡
ȻҪȻҲѡôƫƧһϣ˵Һ飬ЩǶڵ˶ԣЩΪµ˵Ҳ֡ҶСҡҡͷ
ãۣСֱӳΪͿԡǿ˵
ãֿ֪֪мǿߣҶСѯʵҲ뿴ʵ
˵һȻңһһķǿߣһʮӮۣҴûм˵ǿ߻ڱչУ˭Ҳ֪Ӯۣһɱ۵ĵ̣۴սҹ֪٣е˵δȬ˵ڰпʧķչȴûΪѾˡ˵
Ƿǿߣ˴˼նɱԷս̫࣬ǵǸһѾǰ档
¶һ˿Ľһ˿Ļ
ͻȻƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ЦѾӵ˷ǿߵսѵ׼μӺƽԭǸνѡ𣿡
Ҫμһ£Ͼڲʲô飬⿿һ˵ЩƽԭǸõطϻɭ֣ݣֻҪܹںƽԭͶϼ䣬жĮһͨźƽԭܿͻᷱҶСž˵
ȻѾˣôҾͲòһ䣬ƽԭܲ򵥣񾳺۷ʱ̫ˣ˵ǵõϸʱĶսΪǿ󣬿ǿߡĿҶС˵
ˣһעģлˡҶСм˵
Ͳһ󣬲뿪ˣƬռֻʣҶС硣
ҶС缸˸ͻص츽ʱϵѾƳһƬһˣеĽɽֲȫݻˣһƬѪ죬·ϵȾѪɫ
ǹˣնɱôˣŸʱ䡣ҶСһЦ˵
ʮæ䲼óģֻһʱ䣬ܶطû©ڣҪȻ˶ᱻնɱϧ񣬿Щ񾳺۷Ķ˲١
ʱҶСһƬգйâˮŵӰ¶˳
Ҷ㡭û°ɣˮŸĵĿҶС˵ˮһоǵġ
û£Ƿǿ߶ҪҵҶСЦЦ˵ˣղſжٸ˴˳ȥ
ʮ߸ˣ˾ǺǼˡˮ˵
ǶţҲãһĵġҶСЦһ˵
Ƭ̺ҶСˮȥں˵ȺڲЩ죬Щ췱ޱȡ
һҶСһҾ¥סͲһս˺ܶĶȴҪúһŵٳʱΪֻһ¡
ҶСŬˮžʹ˷Уżȥ䣬ȻҲŬ
ҶСʱУһϢʧ綼ˡ
һ죬׼ҶСͷӰ¹Щ˭룬¹ӾȻóһ󷨡
ĸȻֻ˶ʮȫնɱˣһ͵ķĹ
ЩУڣ񾳺ڣܶܶ࣬ǾȻҶСնɱˡ
һϢúܶ߶Ϊ֮Ȼкܶ߾ַҶСĴ죬ѰҶС䣬ƺ׼һս
ȻղСЩ׼ַҶСûжúʧˣƺЩ˺ҶС鷳
ȻҲٴ⵽ҶС󷨵Ĺ
̫֣ܶĸֶ˽ȥߴˡ
ĸģƺҶС֪ǵΪ


2256 غƽԭ
ʱһȥתۼǽһʱˣҶСǼɵӰ컹ڣû
Դ󣬰ʱڣһƬƽƺе߶ƽԭѡûںһ㡣
󣬲½½֣ʧðͷҿʼԼͷ
ҶСƺʧһ㣬Ҳû˼ҶС֣ˣЩڲμѡУֻҶСͷʢ
ҶС¥µʱ䣬ºıԼòʣдţ˸ϲ
ˮŽˡ
һʱѵõ͵Ͳһս˺ܶĶ֮
ããϣһҶ縡Ƽǰ沨ҶϣҶСˮžƺãã档
ǲҪ뿪ˣˮ¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫʵ
ڶ˽һʱ䣬飬඼˽ˣҲǸ뿪˵ʱˣοƽԭѡѾʼˡҶС΢΢һЦ˵
ҶСĻˮ¶˻Цݡ
ʱһҶԼٶУããϳһɫĺ˺ۼתۼʧˡ
ݣʧΪĵطǳ̾ᡣ
һƬƬǳأصƵʮǹƻԨɽҹޱߡȣ߷֮ѹ
Щطλǿ߿ٳģߴĺĸ֣ҪȻͽڷ֮ء
ݸһַʢĸоֵϣָĶУƺۼʧеԴ
·ԼǸϵߣһͨͨˡ
ˮţҶСݺһ·Ϸߣ˺ܶУÿһǳضޱȣۻҡ
μôֵĵطˮȤʮ㣬ޱȡ
ҶСһ·УķͳεΧ֣ûǷǿߵѹǷĳǳ͸¶һ˿įͻңƺû˷ԷûһԼ
ҶСȥĴڵط鿴鿴ҶС绹Ƿˣݾߡ
Էǿߵʵ¾ˣҶСҪȥնɱ¶ЩܣϾǿǿ綼֪˶꣬ͲҶСܹġ
ҶСʱҶС絽˷ǿߵļͲˣ¶׼͵͵ЩǿϮɱ
һֱϣ߹һߴޱȵĳǳغøؼˮҲƺޱȣǸա
һ·ΧЩľ޾ɵҶӣ·Ǽʮûмˮһ㡣
ˣˮԴḻҲʪޱȣư׵ģһֱķ羰͵ݣΪͻص˶࣬
ƺΪ˲ԾľͺĶ
ݺͺƽԭĽӳҪǸеҲԵñޱȣƺܹӰƽ͵ľ
ôˣоˮʱʱüͷҶСЦЦʵ
е㣬￴ܹ죬޷ƽЩ
Ǻǣ󣬵һŻоӵĹ졣ҶСЦЦԶͨƽԭΡ۹ء
ӶҪƽԭ뾭ݣȻⲻǴӶķأҪһطͨݡ
Ӿö֮ݾͱ÷ޱȣԴҲǳḻսݱʧĺġ
ҪΨдһͨȻǵС
ҶСˮŻƳգԽ۹أ˺ƽԭ
۹ػȻء
˺ƽԭ󣬿ǷѪɫĴأ񱩵пɢˮŵӿܲȻȴ¶˺֮ɫƺΪѪɫ
ҶС磬ȴ֪ôڣһֹӣҶСһЦڱ㽫ƽԭ˵ˮ
ƽԭʧΪҵĵطÿ춼дڽֵϣɱҲ󡣡ҶС͵
ΪҪɱˣˮźʵƺ벻ס
ʱڶЩΪҪɱңƥﻳطܹһ㣬ٲôɱˣںƽԭУǾͲ£ô˲˳ۣնɱնɱˣΧҲû˻˵ʲô෴һ˻һúķף㵽֪ˡ


2257 ϳռ
Ϧ££ѪɫĺƽԭȾһɺ죬·Ǹովһսһ㡣
־ƺԤʾһսķ
һĻˮŶЩˣûмľ
⿴ֲ̫ˡˮſڣɫЩ΢΢Ĳ԰˵
ʱĺƽԭѪȾ˴أγһƬѪɫĺټϿֱ塢ѪȵӣЩûƽԭ˸е𾪡
ҪһЩԻ󡣡ҶСһ̺ǿľֱõˮġ
ˮŴһ飬һ˹ղ־ΧһЩ涫Ӱ£һĸС
룬»޹覴á
ллˮŸм˵
˵ߣȥҵءҶСЦЦˮӥһնУٶȼ졣
Դ뿪˺ƽԭǰǸؿռѾʮûˣ˭֪ʮڻչʲôʱ򲻵ģǼٵġ
ʱ򱱷ԵǳУڣһһſĴϣǵŮӹظιˮ
ˡĴ齣һֹӶĸо
ͻȻһŲһɫս׵˴˽
԰ݼӡ˫ֱȭһ˵
ôһѯʣһֻһһŮ½Уһӡ
Щ˲Ͷ˵ȵҶǹڡ΢΢ԥһ˵
ڴϵ¶һĨɫƺһ㣬Ůһʹ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ҶҶҶߣܹôѲɻǰ׵۳ԲɣЦһ
ҶСƻôͲʲôܣȻĺأûв͸ǽ綼֪ˡ
Ͼǿ˺ƽԭ꣬ڻҲ
ҶС磬ҲǱ׼䲻ҶС綯֣ȻǲҲΪܹ׵Ľơ
ǷķģȵҶС罫ͳһժӣֻҪںƽԭӲǵġ
ԵһǳأвǳأЩǳؽļΪȻһЩ˵̰֮һ
ҶСûйǿ壬ǿռ˱Եڴǳأҿ򱱷Եش
ȻĺֶܶܵҶСĿƣҲ֪˿ǵľǷҶİ¹ӣܶ˶ҶС
һʼҶСǿпǺȻܲ⣬ģǷԴҶСǣͳһ˺ԴúˣǰǰԴ󣬶ǵΪҲĺܿ졣
Ǵû뵽ģˣĶҶС̬תˣ˵˰¹ӵͷмţҶСܹǴһָı䡣
ȻѹһЩͶˣһЩ˸ͲͶֱˡ
ǹӣҶΪó󷨣ǲòƽԭѡҪʼˣҾùӻټһЩֱȽϺá¶һĨɫȰ˵
޷ΪٸߣûгΪǿߣֻСھԵʵǰ㲻ʲôҸҵĴѶˮֻҪҶҶ֣һ֮ء˵
ǹӡ
ǳصôѯʵ
Ƕ۹ʲôĴۡ
ռǳأܹռһôǾˣϧ˵ҶЩ£ȻܹƳȳǳϧΪҿ˼¡ǺһЦ˵
ʱƽԭԵһƵĳӭҶСˮš
ҶС׼ֱȥԵطģˮҪķףǵϰߣϸڡ
ոսҶСͽ£ƾɵĳ
ʱΪҪѡĽ׶Σܶ߶˺ƽԭ׼ۿ˭ܹΪƽԭȻЩˮˣ׼ԣԼܹܲðͷȥμӡ
˭룬һҹ䣬Ȩơ
˭룬£ͳһ
ȻЩҪ;ߵʵ
ʱҶС绹֪Լϳռˣ֪Ļ¾û˼й䣬ֱɱȥһƵЩΧ
뿪ʱ򣬳ĵļûȫ⣬ҶСĿ֮ˡ
ϧΪûһʵ߾һŬ꼻һ֣Ȼ
ҶСҪһжҲǺ׵飬һս⡣


2258 û
ԵشҶСڵСڣ߿ܶ࣬඼񾳵ĸ֣Щ˿¶Ϊ֣⣬ҲΪ˶Լ
ҶСˮе
ûжãͿһ۷·ߣͻأ䣬һâų־ͱնɱ룬ѪҺɽΪ̡
Χƺûвʲôһ㣬һܵӡ
һĻˮŽһɫףûмɱ˷ʽƺ˶Ѿһ㡣
þȣƽԭɱǺƽ飬㿴˭˳ۣնɱû˻㣬ûзɣûйȫǴһĵжҶС͵
ˮ㶵ĵ˵ͷӣҶС֪ԷûףҲͻϰߡ
Ƭ̺ҶС뿪ǰһʱһȸղҪʮֹȻҲ˵ȽϷ
ֵϣշܶ౶Ѿ񾳵ĸˡ
ЩȺϤӣ߹ѡε顣
Ϊһǰƽԭܹѡγû뵽ǳ⣬Ǹռ侹Ȼˣ˭Ҳ֪˶ٸ֡
һЩֻˮ㣬׼μӱʱμӵô࣬˭Ҳ֪˭μˡ
ˮܹôûоԵʵʲôǣڱԵʱ򣬱նɱ
߸еͦĻǰ¹ӣĸ棬ܿ¡
ߣǸѣʵȨĻƽԭѾȫˣ˭ֽܹȥֶǿӲҪƿƽԭûʮʱͲܣܹΪǿߡ
ɣҲˣ˵һصƿŰ
Ƕǹȥʱˣѡʼ󣬻Ѿ౻˷ֹˡ
ЩҶСбų⣬ǱƿصģЩ˵Ļƺˡ
ˮҶС˲˸ղǰһ֣ղ˵򶼱Ϸˣ
ǣǣ˵µ˸ɵġܵҶСϵĿֲƣֲ˵
лҶС˵һ䣬Ϊһʧ
ҶС뿪þúЩ˲ŷӦ˹
ҪдսˣǸʵ£ԭȿƻйء
ߣȥ
ʱ򱱷Եǳصĳڣһһ˿ſһŮϣŮͬϳзֶĳԡ
߻һǵŮӣŮӾһЩԵĶ
ͻȻ䣬ռ΢΢ҶСӰڡ
ҶС翴ԼſĴϣһŮʱкⲻ
ҶСߵˮſһٶ˵һĻʱϸֳһĨΣǺ͸˵ƻϽŤͷ

ԵŮӿҶС磬һ˫ָϽҪλ
ʲô㡣겻ͷ˵ƺøղŮӵĽӰȤ
ӣСˡŮӺµ˵
ϽŤͷҶСʱйâ֯һŰɫ˶
˭꾯ĶҶСʵ
ڣк֣ܶԷֱܹӴ϶Ϊˣ¶һ˿ɫһЩҡ
һ˭ΪռҵĵطҶСʵϿֲޱȵƱ˳εĽƺֻҪһ˿˿춯⵽ҶСĿ¹
ܵҶСϱĿֲƣ¶һ˿ĺ֮ɫһ뵽Լʵƽ
ģô˵ʮǳض㽨ˣǺֱʣֻҪңҵūţҿԼ̣⣬Ůӷǹҳһ˿ļЦƺͲҶСһ㡣
Ůӿ̬ȣɵ÷
㣿Ǹʸ𣿡ҶСʵϵƸӿֲˡ
ۡ
ſھһѪͬʱǵ죬ƺҪǿµһ㡣
ڸܵǰ࣬еľ֮ɫŨˡ
ҪɱңҪɱңǰ׵۳ǳĶӡоҶСϱǳɱ⣬ڱˣϽġ
׵۳ǳʲôҶ£㻹ûйһС˾ˡҶСʮֱӵ˵


2259 Ĭ
ҶСĳɫһһ죬ƺܷŭһ㣬Ϊ̫ˣ޷ҶСԿ
ŰɣҸ˺һˣʱһܣ޺޵
ǰ׵۳ǳĶӣ;øһȣûʲô˸Ҳӣȥһ˵Ľ£ܴ谡
ȻռҵĵطǾø۵׼ɣҶСĿһƳ˵һεɢһõϣڡ
תۼ䣬ǵɳһɢ
һ˲䣬׵۳һ޴ĸۡڣĬ·ǲʲôһ㣬ͻȻϱǿޱȵơ
ǿµƺܹƬضƻ
˭˭ɱҶĬɫѿ˼㣬˺ѿռֱʧ
һ̼䣬׵۳ǵ˶оˣֶܶ˸ղŰĬ˺ѿռȥĵط
Ҳ֪˭ǵĳ
Ҫһսˡ
ܶ˶ۣϴֻЦݡ
ԵشУҶС統նɱŮӺֱӺɨԲϰ
ƿصЩ˶ټͬʱ갲ȫնɱ
ҶСټЩ˲Ҳûм䣬ǾȫˣҶСһЩҵ˽еϴȻǸһô
һ׺ҶСͣ㣬ȥǳأֶΣնɱռĸ֡
ÿһжһǸߴǳصĺĲ֣ѹųе󷨣еĸͨġ
ͨҶС˲ܹﵽÿһǳء
һµϴҶС½ʮǳУȻҶСΪ޳ǵĳ
ǵ֪󣬶׷׸˹ϾҶСһϴնɱǺܶ񾳺ڸ֣ʹǵʵ
ҶСոսԵǳһЩնɱ󣬺̳Ů̸һЩʱͻȻ䣬оһǿɨ
ǰ׵۳ǳĬȥҶС˵һֱʧֻʣ̳ˮš
ǰ󣬲֪Ѿ̻ǵȫܣҿ̳̻ǵˣǴڳڣһЩС¡
ҶС罵ֱֶ֮νЩնɱͣ׼ѯŮʱƽԭı仯
ո£Ĭˡ
ҶСվǳϣԣڷ裬˵ƣĿȣݶķ
ݡ
һ⻮ʣĬӰ֣оҶСʱͣվڸ߿գҶСңңԡ
նɱҶĬҶСʵɱΣı飬ƺҪҶСһ㡣
㲻Ѿ֪𣿡ҶС絭˵
֪Ҷ㻹նɱҿǶҵ𣿡Ĭһʵ
֪ʮǳضҽģȴƫƫĶռҵĳҿΪ𣿡ҶС˵ðĬĻĬ
ܺãܺãҪΪ¹ͷͿΪΪǺƽԭطȻҾͳȫ㡣ĬĿȻҶС˵
Ļ£һȻӶһµĽɫâųʱ䣬Ƭضָ룬ٶȼ죬ƺҪҶСֳһ㡣
һµĽɫâ·ҶС絽ʲôطɫâٵʲôط
ߣ׵۳ǳҲˡҶС粻м˵һ䣬ֻӳһεĹâ·𸲸ء
ǡ
΢𣬰ĬǵɫâȫҶСֽˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ĭɫһ䣬һģӸ߿յ£û뵽ҶСĹ˹죬ţ֮࣬һӾˡ
úúãֲţԭΪѾ־磬ǰ¹ӣϧһ飬ǺƽԭݲôţǷǿǰҼӣգ㿴ҵֶΣҪȻ㻹潫Լ˺ƽԭĵһˡĬɫǷŭ
񾳺۷꣬һֱûͻƣΪǿߣ֪һСȻѾﵽͷϣսȻҪ£⻹ˣҪǲһѵ˭֪Ժ󻹻жš
Ĭ£˫ڿռлޱȵӡÿһӡļ£ƺһεΪչ˿
䡪
Ƭض𶯣ҵҡΪԵǰ׵۳ڵƬأع򣬸˸оһӺա
ֶηǳ֮


2260 ˼ɵ
Ƭؼ䣬ã֣ܶ˶ͷ˸߿ա
ʱǿӿɨҶС㷢ѪǳѪ޼̻ǳˡ
׳յĻôôʲô̸̸αô󶯸ɸأѪ޼˵˿ĬֿҶС硣
Ҳһһ˿ȣƺû뵽ܹĬƵϡ
ߣնɱҶ˵һбҪ̸ֲ֪νޱȵˣһҪһ̵Ľѵ֪ƽԭ˭ġĬ˵
Ѫ޼һεĿҶСһۣƺ˵㿴㶼ﲻˡ
ʱؼЩ͹н֯γһأһغȻƽԭ֮һ
ĬⷽγɵģУƴǣǿޱȣƺɨأһɾ޴ѹҶСѹ˹ƺҪҶСѹ顣
ԭˣյ𣿲ǷǿߣʱһصΪ˷ǿߣǷǿߣܹΣҶС˵ƺͲ£һһ뿪ǳأվա
Բѣ㿴ǿߵĬЦһɱ۳ʵʣƺҪѹ¾ҪҶСɥ
ŰʱͷĻһϧѾˡѪ޼Źâ˵
ǸŵıǮǲĻڷǿߵѹ£Ѿˣ㿴ڻ治ɫһ㲻ʶûУԣͲ·ǿߵѹŹâ˵
Ѫ޼ϸһȻˣɻʵѵѵзǿߵʵɣܣܡ
Ѫ޼ҡҡͷԼĲ룬ӵпǿߵѹһзǿߵʵ
ǲӵзǿߵʵǿȥ֪ˡҲЩţ־ҶС粻ððʧʧˣȻҺͰĬôԿ϶ʲô̡
ΪΣ
ĬƬռĮ飬ƺһߡ
֣⻭һȦ
һȦһ磬ֱӽҶСУзƱãعı䣬һεƺҪҶСʹĨɱ
Эɺ졣
ҶСһֻƺҪƬƣֵʱһӰЩӰ޾ҶСͬĶ
䡪
Ƿ漴ǵ𣬶ʱ䣬µ籩Ƿ飬ҶС¶˳
һĻǰĬѪ޼նɴ۾ǱΪҶСɥУû뵽ҶС羹ȻǷ磬Ҫ֪ǿǷǿߵĹ
Ȼ˲ƳǸ磿Ѫ޼ޱȡ
ֲôţԭмʵܹ赲¡ĬЦ
ߣҲǵˮƽ
ҶС˿ãǹ
ٱš
ҶСдһֲɣһį
˫лεɢǹΧյ֯һͼ
Ϧ۶ɣɽͷ䣬һ˵ıӰ֣ϦУⱳӰúóóįޱȣӢ۳ĺĸ춯ƺ
Ҷ׷ףįأһ֮⡣
ơơơ
ƺǸоЩԾĬһ죬µܴƺҪôһͼƻ
һͼ·õͶӰһ㣬ʹƣĬĶԽԽ¶˱˵ı飬ˮ֪
һԵѪ޼ͻҲһˮʶƺԼƲסһ㣬ޱȡ
໥һۣ˱˴е𾪡
Ҳ䡢ءĬƲסԼͬʱһ߷Ĺš
䡪
Ƭͼڱˣµγ˷籩˺ѿһϸ΢Ŀռѷ졣
ۡ
ĬһѪϵָˮҲˡ
㡭㾹ȻˣĬһŵӣƺҶСܹһ㡣
ѵҾͲˣҶС˵
¹ӹȻ鴫㾹ȻʵĬ¶һ˿ļɵ֮ɫ
ҶСڵսȻܹƥзǿߣ̫ˣǶľѣҲܵŨŨв
ôɳȥʱ˭ܹѹ
ͻȻ䣬ĬѪ޼ͻպ
һ˼С


2261 ս
ҶСۿͬʱʱ̷Ĺ
Ѫ޼ͻ˼Ƭ̺б˿¹âͬʱҶС磬ϿµƱ˳
ҶСǵѡ񣬵ȻҲܹ⣬ϾԼֳս̫ˣԷɵѣǺƽԭͳߣƾһ˵ȻѹƲסҶС磬ȥƽԭҪ
ҶǸˣǽձ뽫ѹҪȻƽԭѪ޼˵
ΪǿңҪ뿪˭ܹ赲סҪߵĸȫնɱ˭赲ҶСġ
ɫüΪѿǶ֪ҶС˵ģǸͲܹ赲Ȼʱ˵ΪҪġ
ôĸڹۿǱֳǿҪȻԺ󻹲֪жǡ
ôǱҪһսѪ޼ٴ˵˫ּӡһɹεɢأѪǷռУ͹𵴣ȫӿ˹
ƣǿ£Ѫ޼֣֯һƬĵ̣Ƭع֯غȻѪΧһأƽԭ֮һ
ҲһһƬأ̻ΧһأǶ˷ǿߵϢ
վһǵĶΣɲǼ䣬Ϊһ壬ȻƽԭϵƸ˺ܶ౶
ֲãƽԭȻεİУԵɾˣҶС
ǵõϸܲĴУȻƾǿսǽδؾܹκҡҶСŹâ˵
ҶСһأһ㣬·˶ܹĺһ㡣
˫ֲлһεûգ֪뵽ʲôط
һ̼䣬Եشǳأвǳأ˲õĹâһʮǳе󷨶Ѿչֳ
ÿһǳڣϽӲӣĪת¸һڽ֯Χȫӿ䵽ǳС
ǳǳǱһϣ·ϲԽ˵һ¹âǸϱ˳̴գǳеĸ
һʮǳصƶһ
û뵽Ȼô񣬺عҲһЩǸϽͻȻ䣬һǳһ־Եʮ˷ܡ
ģû뵽ǳػֹܣǿ󰡣
ҿǵֽ֧ǳأȻû
ʮǳУܶ˶¶˷ܵı飬ĳǳ˭˲ϲ
ʱҶСڵƬأһµԽնҶСΧǿޱȵƱŷ˳ѹƬռ䡣
ǡ
ϸ΢Ƭռһϸ΢ѷƬأƺֻҪһƬռͱȫ顣
ҶСϵһĻɫѿޱȣΪܹѹסҶС磬û뵽ȻҶС練ѹסˡ
֡ĬҧһѾûѡˣҶСնɱӣȻҪȫ֣ǲնɱҶС磬ҲҪҶСһ̵Ľѵ
׵۳ǡ
Ĭ˫лµع֯ǰγһǳصգǳؾǰ׵۳ǡ
Ѫǡ
̻ǡ
Ѫ޼ͻͬʱǳ۳Լƹܵĳǳء
ȻѾˣǸκβҶС磬Ǵ˿̼ϲòҪȻžͻ
ĳǳظҶСϿգͣ䣬ƺкϳһƬصơ
ѹ
ͬ˵˫ּĹ켣ɲǼ䣬µ͹ǳУͬʱǳһתһҶСѹ¡
ҶСоһɿֲѹ٣ƺҪѹΪĩ
ߣת޳
ҶС˵
䡪
˵ǿޱȵĹâգҶСܣ˵âҶСΧ۳˰޴Ż
ҫĴת͸һֹӣơ
ššţ
ҶСޱȣ·Ǵ顣
֮Ż򿪣һɹɷ֮ӿſµĻ֮
ɫĴתһⷽض·Ҫȫ
ǡ
۶ɵõĳǳسϸ΢Ȼ΢СȴĴݵÿ˶С
ãɫһ䣬ж˲õĸо


2262 
ѹµľ޳ǾȻһӱˣȫΪ˾͹
ššţ򿪡
ҶС绺ɫУ򿪣ʱ䣬ⷽؼ䣬޾͹ȫӿŻС
ƺһգû͹򣬳һȱ
ʱΣҶСûͣϽšţȫ
ǰУʣŻ򿪣ʱ䣬һɺ嫵ӰŻӿγһƺⷽգ͹ⷽռ䣬ͬʱγһֲֿѹ
ɫ䣬ҪԿƾڵͶԿˣһ춯һϸ΢ѷ죬ƺҪһ㣬쳣Ŀֲ
䣬Ϸȸ׻һҶСһһߴӡ
ˮδ
ľľľһƬɭ
ȸҫ졣
׻𣬱ɱ¾С
ҶСûһ䣬һƬâƾճ֣ڰɫŻΧǵķΧۣ۳䡢ȸ׻
·˿ȥһֻֻɡѹ졣
ڰ֮ǿ󹥻£γɵǷбƣϵϢҲ½
˴󾪣г˿־壬鷢ĻǾͻᱻԭΣʱ򣬸ͲҶСĶ֡
ۡ
˸һھѪѪҺΪᴩգ޾͹ҪԼƬռ䡣
󣬻𡣡
ҶСٶǰŻӿǿ˼ŷ˲ͬԵЩⷽնˡ
ǿ纣һ㣬ƬӣȫûΪ˾Ҳʧˣʧ˹С
ҶСӰζܿǹɫ΢΢ףôӴ󷨣ķľ
䡭
֮ϣǹ֮Ȼǹǿޱȣǿȥ󾢺ܲ㡣
תۼ䣬˴г˳ǿǱޱȣϵ·ã͸ǼѣһѪۻ߸Ѫˡ
˳󣬸ϽԼ󣬸͹˲ҶС磬һ䣬ָֻԭӣɫ԰׵Ŀ¡
ͬһʱ佫ĿͶҶС磬¶˼ɵһ̼䣬֪ѹƲסҶС硣
󷨵ҶС绢һʱʧ㣬ޱȡ
ദͦõģϧ̫ˣ֪ǲκںƽԭǽƽԭѾԼͳεĵطνѡΣǸӣҪһܶѣʲô£ȫƸǸܣΪҲ֪
죬Ǿ˵˰ɣƽԭǵˣһҪǷӣȻǿԲӣֻҪܹסߵЩˣʲôûйһοҴɱǵĻ˭ܹ赲ҶС˵
ҶСĻɫ䣬һһ죬һ˵˻֪ҶС˵Ķʵ
ǵΪ񾳺۷壬Ϊ赲ҶСĴɱһֱ״̬ǸͲܡ
Ҷ㲻Ҫ̫ˣơĬɫҶС˵
ƣҲ̫߿Լˣһƣڶ󷨽ȫֿȻסٽڵöǻʲôҶС¶һ˿
ʲô㡭֪һ𣬰Ĭ𾪵ĶҶС硣
ʲôղźսĹУҾѾˣǲϸʱ۳Ӷѣǵʵûдﵽǿߵľ磬ǽöӣأÿζֶκ󣬶һʱڰɣҶС¶һ˿Ц˵
ɫӵĶҶС磬ƺû뵽ҶС֪
ˣûмû뵽Ѿ־磬֪ˣӦնɱ㡣Ѫ޼ɬһЦ˵
ƬӰɢϵϢҲ½ҲһѪ޼ͻյľٶܰĬвʣǸɢȥΧƬӰ
̫ˣ˿ܣݾͲ˵ˣߴǿˣȻû˸ҽĮǱߣǸͳ߿ò˶೤ʱͻǿߵľ磬Ҳ˵ˣҲкö֣нǿߵƣϻҲһƽԭأмˣ
ȥƽԭԻᱻ̲ǽ񾳺۷ʱˣ˵ӦýǿߣϧǷŲ£öǣãеãǺú˼һɣҶС翴һۣȻʧˡ


2263 
Եشǳصĳڣ̳ˮ˵ĵĿǲĵط
ҶС뿪һţҶС󷨵ʱǲͣЩǡ
սѾˣоֲֿˡԶ˵
֪̳ĵ˵
ˮһԲ峺еĵģɼ
ͻȻ䣬ǳصʧռ΢΢ҶСӰѾ֣ҶС֣˲Լͬһ¶˷ܵı顣
ղǻоɿµϢоǳϢǲǳˣҶС絣ĵʵ
Ѿûˣõģ˵ǻΪһˡҶСЦЦ˵žһ˶Ȼı䣬ıĻǻ治ʺϳΪ
˭һˡϸֳһĨΣȻҶСһۣˡ
ҶСֻЦЦûнʲô
ǵڻķչҶС罫ĿͶ̳
ĲÿƣϾ񾳺ڵǿߣ޳ǲУǵ˲ǿЩСĺЩӵ񾳺ڸֵǲǿһֶָѣû𲻱Ҫ鷳Ͼڻûһ񾳺ڸ̳ü˵
˿Ҫҳ֣ŲͻҵĿ֮£޳ǣҪǵѡˡҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һУ⡣
һʼһΪ˵ͳһƽԭǿЦģҲŸоġҶСĵ˵
ҲΣΪ˵õԴֻˣοߴǿˣ˭Ҳ֪ôЩҲһЩֽҪͻƵ˷ǿߵľ磬֮⣬طҲƽ½ҪͻƳΪǿߵĸֺܶࡣ
ܶ߶ߴǿ˳֮ȵкܶ˳Ϊ˷ǿߺ󣬾½֮ʱᣬһƽԭͳһʱ򣬾лطҪȻƽԭȻΪǿ߹ϷֵĶ󡣡ҶС翪˵
ô˵ҲҪˣЦ
Ҳô˵Žһģٺ٣ŻģΪѡҶСЦЦ˵

Ե޳ǲԶգĬѪ޼Ȼվƺ˼ʲôҶС뿪Ǿһֱվš
˵öԣ̫ˣռʱ򣬾Ѿ񾳺۷֣żȻϸʱö󣬱̫öˣΪ˲ԼΪ˷ԷΪ˷ķǿߣûǾ塣
̫ûˣôǾ壬ȥطѾ񾳸ˡ΢΢һ̾˵Ѿ˼֡
ѾˣΪƽԭɣҳʱ䣬һ£ܲһΪǿߡѪ޼˵Ǽᶨ
ҲôˣƽԭұȽϷģڲ񾳺۷ΪȴӵзǿߵսµͻƳΪ˷ǿߣͻΪ֣ҲۡǵǸεĸ֣ǵΪҪŹâ˵
˵ĻĬһȻ漴ʵѵǾôĳ
ܹܹѹƵסѵ㲻Ϊǿǽöƽԭû˶֣ʱ˭ѹһأѯʵ
ҲףֻǻЩģϾͳһѾˣǸоЩᣬɱҶĬһĨ⡣
ôӣһʲô㲻ǾڳһܲһСʱô𣿵ôˣڻúûţΪѪ޼ŰĬ
ȻǶͬˣǾΪƽԭɣΪ¶ǵһûܹᡣĬ˾
ãȻǾͶˣʽѡεʱˣȻѾеƻҪеģҪȻ˸оǲѪ޼˵
һ˱뿪
ҶСһսܶ˶ˣǶҶСĶ֡
Ϣݵĺܿ죬ûж೤ʱ䣬ѾƽԭһЩ˶˽˵ƽԭһҶС硣
ȻҲкܶ˳ŷ


2264 
ҶС̳ˮ̸һ󣬱뿪ˣǰ˻ĵشˮǳء
Ȼһ⣬ͬˣŮʶôĿ죬ûö೤ʱ䶼һƬҶС㽫ˮи
ҶСжܿ죬ֻһʱ䣬ͽĵشЩ񾳺ڸȫˣɲЩֲзǳԹҶС磬ҶС粻ںֻҪǷӾͳɡ
ҶСѹ£Щ˲òҶСѾվ˳Щ˶֪ԼϴǷҶǸµİ¹ӡ
ƽԭŷǿߵģͶû˵ʲô෴¶˷ܣǾôһɽȥ·϶ֱͦ塣
ʱúܿ죬תۼѾ˺ƽԭѡεһء
ǿ֣߳ۼ˻ĵش
һգҶСˮŮĵشʱʱͻһ񾳺ڸ֣񾳳ڣǾġ
ҶҶСһ˿Ҫߵ¥̨ƬʱͻȻһ
һҶС֪ССҲֻССŻὫҶ
ҶСŤͷȥȻССһˣССǳɫȹɰдŸ߹ԵúܶĿˮ
ǾȻߵһ𣬻ⰡҶСЦЦ˵
˹ҶСŮӣˮŵҲССһˣȻҪССˮֱӶˡ
Ҳǲǰġˮ˵ɢһƣҶСĿдŸм֪ǸռΪҶС磬綼Ѿˡ
ҶС罫˶Է໥һ¡
ǶμѡεģҶСʵ
ңҲ֣һڣǸûϷƽߵﶼƽǸռͷصʧҲһʧ绹㡣ЩĽ˵
СΪҲķԸ
ģҲᱻǿƵġҶСʮŵĴ֪һ⣬֪ԼйһսҺҲйһս󣬿Ͳôˡ
û뵽㾹Ȼնɱôˣܶһ֣ɫˡССҶС˵
ѵͲңҶСװһʮ׺ݵ˵
£֪ҺáССһЦƳһˮţƺһƵĸо
ӣҶСЦЦͻȻ䣬ҶСɫһתͷֻԶһǳɫȹŮź⡣
Ůӣղоһɱû뵽ӡ
ҶСĶǶĿͶ˹ȥŮʱһ
ӣֳ𣿡ĿҶС硣
Ȼгˣ˵Ҷһϲ󷨣һٿɱ˺ܶǿߣֻһ񾳺ڸ˳оӡССܿ϶˵
ҹƲǣѵ˼ңһЦ˵
㿴˵Ǹؿռնɱܵܣɱ̫ˣ˭֪ǸܵܡҶСε˵
ٺ٣Ůһ¡ĿҶС硣
ʱ˹ߵ˾ҶС׵ĵطͣ
û뵽㾹ȻֶΣȻûжǸϾɱҲмαԣĿʵĿҶСһȻ뿪
ȥıӰҶСһղϾɱں۶սҪȻͲŹЩˡ
ٺ٣εıеĿˣĳ˶ˡƺЩΨ²ҵ˼
㻹ûСССһСţŭĿһ
ҶСЦЦȻҸطһʱ¥̨Щ¥ȫһȦûҵط
ҺãҶСҶСĴ߶ʱܶ˶ϳ˴İ¹ӡ
һЩҶСύ˶׷֦ҶСȥһ
ҶСĹأܹоЩ˵УܹӦǵһּ䡣
ЩУҶСܹжϳǵƷ
ӺܶУҶСѡһӣȻⲢװʵʵڵġ
һĻмˣ룬ЩкܶҶС綼ͶĿ⡣
׻˵߳īߺڣһ˽ύϾܹ˵Ʒ
ύЩ˻϶ԼĶԸ񣬶Ҿɱ޹ħͷ


2265 ѡ
ҶСһĵʱ٣˱ԵСͿռ䣬ֿռԵĿռܹܷǿȫһ
綼ƺ˵ģڲſ
ѡεһѾʼһΪЩߵĹ֤ͬѡһһΪ˽˽ìܣûбʵĵطˡ
˴ΣμѡεˣȻȴǸؿռ˶ܶࡣ
ںЩ
ԵĹܿɣһʮԵֿռ䣬˭ֻҪԸ⣬ȥȻս̭սʤҪһʱ䣬ȻṩĻָҩҺ
ķʽѡʮλʵǿĸ֡
ȻھһսųһپЩһڵһյȻ˾Ǻƽԭˡ
ԵĿռھ¥̨ʮĵطܹüе˲ûбҪܶھ¥ܹսĹ̡
ԿʼüӰһӱЩԵĿռ䡣
µսʼˣһʼȥ˴󲿷ֶʵȽϵ͵ģΪǰ¶¶Եʡ
һԣ㾭ҹУаӱ
ʱ˿ǹ񫣬ۿЩսǳЩ˴սһЩ
ΪߵˣĳЩܿû򵽣ǹۿЩսҲһЩ
ʱϳˣʱ̭ľֻʣʮ֣Щ˶񾳺ڵǿߡ
Ҫɱϳˣٺ٣ҪСĵ㡣ӳ˱ԵһռڣЦſҶС硣
ҵĶ֡ҶСʮ˵
ŶҶֵӣɻĿҶС硣
ûеҶС翪ڣͽ˵˳ȥ
Ҷ֣㻹СһıȽϺãӿǺܶһֵŮ񣬵ڵϸһȻ󻺻˵ҶССĵ㣬ܹĳ޾ͻ
ģûµģж׼׷ӣֻҪǲңҾͲᶯǣһ̫ˣһǺڵģȻ˵ɱ¾վǲõģʱɱ¾ЧҶСɭɭ˵
΢΢üû˵ʲôȻһ˵ظ֮ˣ෴ĺܿ
Щ֮ˣ֮ɱ֮ɱһ˽ʮˣʵΪɱ
ò˵ӵʵȷʵǿĶʮӾͱˡ
սʤˣ˶ˣһ˶ûУȴһЩûṩҩҺָԼҩҺָ
ָһǳɫȹճ˰͹µģһֳ֣Ӣˡ
һսʤ֣ܶжһɺ⣬ûԸһսˡ
ӵʱ䣬ǸԿռȻûԸȥԡ
ûԸһսĬƬռ
ַ׷ۣȴûһ˸ȥ
ȻûȥôӾͳɹʮǿСĬ
׳һл˵ͻȻ俪˵ǽԿռ˵ĵһ仰
ԡ
õ˰Ĭ׼йâγâƬռɨƺû˶ܹӳĿ⡣
ĿͶҶСϣ¹ӣ㲻һս𣿡
⻰һܶ˶Եû쳣
ѵ˵ֻа¹ӲĶ֣
¹ʵǿҪһǿսҪʼˡ
ͱ˵ĿУҶСһЦվȻ룬Ҿһս
ҶСĻո£һӾʧԭأǸԿռУ˭ûв׽Ρ
һĻ˫Ŀ΢΢һǼʶҶСǴĲ硣
ӣ㻹ȥɣڵʵҵĶ֡ҶСĿ˵
ǿӻǸֱˣͲѣֱӳ־նɱˡ
նɱҵܵܣƱҪһսοǻûսô֪ҲĶ֡ӶҶС˵
ڿ˵նɱܵܣʲôʱնɱģô֪ģնɱܵܣǶΪܸܵҴɱˣҵΪ˼ÿ˶֪ҶСŭĿӡ
ҶСĻ΢΢һ㶣ܵܵƷУȻ֪ȻƷвˣô˵Ҳĵܵܡ
ܵܣļоܹܵƷв̫Զˣɱ޹۸ЩСŮӣĵܵܣնɱұôȥЩ˵أĲúýĵܵܣȻӣôһܵܣһŲˡҶС˵


2266 ѡ2
ҶСĻɫһ䣬㡭ܹ֪ʲô
ҶСֻǵЦЦû˵ʲô
ҵܵĸҲֲܣֻҪЩǸʵȥɱҵܵܡӶҶС˵ϵɱȴ˼֡
Ҳ֪ԼܵܵƷкΪˣʱԲҶС䡣
𣿼Ȼɱܾܵɱˣб£ɱҡҶС¶˼Ц⡣
ߣڱ¶ı𣿡ϱǿĹâһ̼䣬·վƶ˵ľӣ˵ۡ
紵ɳ
ӽһִֻһɫâɫâ̺Ÿ߹ƺ֮ϡ
֮ΧĿռƺƻˣΧܶ߶оԼƺҪɢ걻˳
ӣȻĹֵز°ۼԷգѾ֮ˡ
֪¹ӻôԿһ
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һ̼䣬ΧߣĿͶҶС硣
ƺսͲһ㡣
ǸԵĿռУӴǵâҶСУ˶ǵɫâ֮£ҶСȻɳȻ紵ɳ˳ʧ
һĻסˣΧЩҲסˡ
ܰɣ¹ӾȻôˣһͱնɱˣ
ôᷢ飿ѵʹ˼ƣ
¹ӿ϶µģⲻǰ¹ӵһֶζѣҪȻܹնɱôĸ֡
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ܶߺܲŵԼ۾ƺͲŰ¹ӻһ±նɱ
Ҷ°ɣССǵ˵
µĻ˶¡Ц˵
һеУ³ҶСȫ⣬˶Щ
ѵôһӾͱնɱˣӴ롣
ʲôأֻôһ㹥Ϊܱܵ𣿡ͻȻ䣬һͬʱһ˳ȵϢܹоǸ˽Լ
áһɺ⣬ϽҪ˦ҶС磬ҶСֿ
ʱǼʶҶСʵӰƮһ磬ûкۼûз
оϢһʱǵٴ
Ҫٶܹȵң
⻰һȻǷĹ򣬰˵ٶϣκ˶ȲϣҶСӰһ
ҾͲٶȾȻô죿ºģһ룬һµĹ
ϧôƶܹҶСľ룬ҶС涼ܡ
ûһȼϣսȫûУһȫ۳ɵϵѪ޼˵
ҶСĿоĽһ˿ĸƺҶСôᾹȻӵ˷ǿߵʵȻ񾳺۷ͣ꣬װ״ʱ⡣
ʱΧе߶ɴ۾ǵҰУҶСӺͲսڴ֮ͥŻ赸
̫˰ɣҪҲûбҪֳϰ˼Ϊʵ˵
ܶ˶˵ƵĻеļ˿Ρ
ڽ׼ӳҶСЩˡ
Ǻǣ˵̫ˣȱһЩҶСӶͬʱоԼ̵ͦβǰԲϴȡ
ʣ˳˶
⵱ȻҶСĽıŮˣ˱ǴˣƫƫϣҶС׼һ̵Ľѵ²̨
쵰ӷŭѣһâ۳˽꣬ƺҪҶС̡
ð׷ˣͲҵĶ֡ٴδҶСΣĸоԼȻҶС籧˻УˣҶС˫ϴĳԶ
׼ǿĹʱͻȻ䣬оԼȻ᲻˿ˣƴҶСϸûа㷴Ӧ
д󾪣ʱ֪ԼͲҶСĶ֣ҶСϷŪ
ӵĶΧЩ߿ڴΡ
ȥˣеŮ񰡣ôءиͻȻȻĵĿ
û뵽ӾȻǰ¹ӵˣһսǡһ㰡
ܶῡܿҶСĿݺ⣬ĿܹɱˣҶС綼ʮǧˡ



2267 Ϊ
㡭ſҡһΣСδܵĽӴ˵˵ϵЩطˡ
һ̼䣬ĶˣеĲǽߣзŭ
ΪʲôҪſ㣬ΪǵŮˣһͷ᲻˵ʹࡣҶС˵
˵ţµ
һʹۿжˮǲʣ衣
ⲻһѵ鷳ʱôǶҲǿǡҶС⿪˶ķȻƳƬԵĿռ䡣
оԼܹڵˣ˿̣뽫ҶСնɱûǸʵݺݵĶҶСһۣɱʮ㣬ˮϣþãһʧˡ
¹ӣʲôϵͻȻ䣬ʵ
ҶС翴һȥıӰһЦ˵ղڽΪһŮˣһҪ˵Ļ˵ʲôϵ
⻰һ˶һԭ˵ˮšСС⼸Ůһ֮ɫ
뿪󣬲ӿе
뿪սȻڽУЩ˲ҶСΪȥսϧҶСһ֮£ˡ
ЩսܶѾԤ⵽ҶСǺƽԭ

¥̨ǧ⣬һ¥һУǳɫĴϣţʱʱ޺޵ҧǻŸղŵ顣
ͻȻ䣬·ʲôһ㣬֣ǳɫȹ¶ϸһļ
ġӿԼǰǱĻԲ϶ɫӡк޵ֱҧ
תʮִ۵ӡϧʲô취ⲻˡ
ҶҪɱ㡣ӸоޱȣǶҶСĺ⣬һŮӣʲôΪʹ
¥̨Ǳߵսڼڼ䣬ߴе̺ҶСսһϧҶСѪֹ
һսյʤӱȻҶСˡ
󣬷ԲڶһƬž˶ȴ˭Ǻƽԭ

նƹΧĿռƺһ㣬Ŀɨе˶оԼһۡ
һҵıԣαԵĵһǰ¹ӷҶһҲǰ¹ӷҶ̶ƽԭǡտĸֻ
¹ӡ¹ӡ
ûеȻϣֶиŮӣˣֻһѣЩ˶ҶСʱ羴
Ǻƽԭǰ¹ӷҶȻĿͶҶС硣
·ֶһЩЩʣȻвʣȴ赲ʲô
ҲµĹȻûд¹ӹȻǺƽԭ
Ϊβأ
ˣһ찡
ⲢǿֵģԼʵõġ
ҶСΪƽԭ飬ڶ߰᲻һȻܶ˶Ľʺް
кֶܶڸˣЩ˶ֺƽԭ飬ϧһֱûлᡣ
һᣬΪƽԭϧȴҶСȥˣܶ˶޲նɱҶС磬Ǹλ̫˼ˡ
ƽԭݣطͨϻĵطԹϻĶҩ컨䣬ЩϻѪҺĹЧۼף˵ϻľһƬأڶ
˺ƽԭԵüΪҪҶС˺ƽԭͳкƽԭ֣һӱ˷˼֮ϡ
˶׷ҶСٺƽԭʱһɿºƴͬǻͻϢҶСɢ
һϢֱַԲϰٹĿռ䣬жһϢУƺǿѹ̫ˡ
ۡǿߣд󺧡
ȻǷǿߵϢ
ԭˣֲΪ˺ƽԭԭѾ˷ǿߵؾ硣
ˣһЩƽ˺ܶ࣬ȻҲʮĽͬʱҲһЩԿҶСж
ǿ߿ɲһǿߣٴûзǿأһǿߣᱻ
ԭѾ־磬ֲãֲãӡͻӵȵһЩ񾳺۷ĸ֣
ҶСѾ˲ΣȫûһȼˣҲֱȽ֮ˣлЩ΢΢ĲǵҶСϵϢʱһϢˣǿߵľ磬ǾԲѰҶС硣
Щ˶ΪҶСʱǿߣⲻ֪ҶС绹ûн룬飬ֻۺ֪ɣ


2268 ǿ
ҶСϢȫⷽأ˶ֹͣ˵ƺһεڽһһ㡣
λӽұǺƽԭˣƽԭߣҵָӣΥߣ⣬׼һ֧Ӣսӣӭλ룬뾫ӢսӵˣһԴҴǸؿռеõһЩҲһá
⻰һܶ˶ܶɢޣб˶ĿĹâƺ̴ܹһһ㣬Ȼ㡣
һЩҲҶСľӢսӣȻǸҶСеõЩޱȵ
ȻЩɢ⣬һЩŲ־Դˡ
ܶ߶Ȥ룬ҲҪҪǾӢҪˣЩһǴķ֪λûУҶСĿɨѯʵ
¹ӣһ£ݸˣǿɲԼ뾫Ӣսӣʵ
ҲںǷҪľǷӣͬʱҪй¶ǺƽԭκλܣҲҪٺƽԭ飬ҪȻɱ
֪ܹ뾫Ӣսӣмûʲôƣ
ȻУ׼񾳸ûĻھͿվҶС翪˵ͬʱйâнγһ޴ƽ̨
ƽ̨ЩҪվ
޳нյ󷨣˶ܹվգҶСΪѾ˻Ȼа취ƣΪöԵʣҲվ
ҶСĻɫôÿҶСŸոճΪƽԭбȻǺ
ȻЩֹ֪ˣһȥ۲Ϊ
롣һ˵ֱӷϣվҶС۳ɵĹ̨ϡ
Ҳ롣
һ

һֳվ̨ϡ
Щ񾳺ڸ֣ȻҲǿߣҶСĬĬĿһС
һ̨ѾΪˡ
Զһ㡣̨һһйâ׼ĸķ˳ȥ
ܳҶС·ʲôûпһ㣬Ͳֹ
̨ϣֻվ֣ЩҪˣȻҪ˴ӹ̨ϸȥ
ʱ䣬һҡ
ҶС羲վĿЩ̨ϵɧ
ͻȻ䣬ҶС¶һ˿֮ɫӣӺħŮҲڹ̨ϣƺҲ׼ҶСνľӢսӡ
ƺоҶСĿ⣬ħŮҶСһЦһ崿ڼСŮӣǲ֪ϸˣᱻƭˡ
˿ҶСԱ˫ĿһҲĵȴš
¹ӣƽ̨̫Сˣôվأ˴е
ҶСҲκνͣôվбĿ
׳գվȥʵ̫͡
ѾҶС⣬վڹ̨ϣǵһ飬ΪĶĻ̸뾫Ӣսӡ
ս𣬸Ϸ
Ҫ뾫Ӣսӵ˲٣ĻЩˡ
һСʱʱ䣬ЩС˺̨ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ౶
Ҫ뾫ӢսӵˣѾԼʵʵǿȻվ棬˵涼ѡٮٮߡ
ٹһСʱҶСŻ˫Ŀվ˹̨ϵЩ֣ЩУ񾳺ڵʮһ֧ǿݰ
ҶСεɢ̨ϣε˵ڵĸ뷨
ûܹӳĸ֪
ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫Ŀбŷ˲ޱȵĹâĶһڸ֣뾫ӢսӵĿ׼ݺһʣȻˣ˼ȥɣ
㡭˵Ȼ¹ǿ󣬵Ҳô۸˰ǶҪ뾫ӢսӵˡֺܲĿҶС˵װһί
ûʲôӹҵ۾ʮеι䣬ÿһ㶼õ˺öôõ˺ô󣬾ƨˣ˵ĿɶԣҶСʵ
ҡϳ𾪵ı飬ƺ֪ҶСô֪Щ
ޱĸϽ¡
뿪ҶСĿһɨȻ󿪿˵Щ˼ߣǻԼ뿪ɣҪҽǾҳӢսӵĿıҪÿѵΪһǿߣȻΪ˸ƽԭһЩĵˣǻ뿪ɣ
ʫ˵ͼƬѾϴ΢š


2269 ׼ȥ
ҶСĻй̨֮ϣһЩгһ˿ԥǺܿҧһӷ˹̨ҶС粢ûֹ
û뿪ҶС˫Ŀ磬Ⱥɨ䡣
㡢㡢㡭ȥɣҪҳ֡ҶС˵
ܵҶСĿ⣬һƬȻǻΪҶСղžǸ˲żȻװһĵӣûȥڻǱҶС羾˳
ҶСĿ⣬Ǹոջ뷴ֻܽЩ̵˶
˻ȥ
뿪ҶС翴˿̨ϵĸ֣ղѾ˵ˣһ뾫ӢսӵṩΪԴ˱뱣ܣǼҲܹشҪǲܹЩ뿪ҪȻʱ򣬲ǻҲ۵ǵļ塣
ҶСһɱڣܶһ䣬ȴûԸ뿪
û뿪ҶСпʼѡ֣ѡĸֶЩǱΪսǿĸ֡
ҶСΪЩ˵սĿмѭΣѡ֡
ȻΪ˱ֹЩûбѡˣ̨սЩѡˣܹսʤȡԷ
սʱŽò˵ҶС۹ҲʧʱѡУ˾ͱ滻ˡ
ˣ˾ҾӢսӵˣһǷ򣬻ǽһЩѵǵսΪǿ˿ɢȥˡҶСĿɨ˵
ѡѾأҶС羫ӢսӵҲȷܶ߶ʹȥȻЩƺҪԼ
ЩҪһ£֪ûʱ䣿ҶС׼˰ʱͻȻ仨յ
ԵƬ̣ҶС紫ȻĿͶ֡
ȴһϢĹһЩϢĹԼΪﵽĳ־磬ǷǿָܹͿ͸
˵ţҶС㽫ԼһϢĹޱĴˣȻǾ
ֹ˶ϣѧϾԼսܶΪ
ٺЩ˺ҶС˻ľ¥̨Զһۡڡ
ۡڣĬաѪ޼Уվһ񾳺ڸ֣Ϣǳ
ҶС˽ϣĿһɨʵ֪λк£
Ŀ⸴ӵĿҶСһۣѡ֮ǰǻ׼һνһܣϧҶСʵ̫ǵˣǸûǸҶСơ
ҶСһҲҵԼķ֪ԼǷȱĶ
׼뿪һʱ䣬ܲͻơգҶС˵
뿪ҶС΢΢һ㶣ƺû뵽ǻͻȻ뿪
ǰ˵ģããеģô̫Ǽˣ׼Ǽиˣһ֮տҶС˵
˵ĹͬҶСѯʵ
ǡĬͬʱ˵ͷ
ȻǾԼŰɣ׵۳ǡѪǡ̻ǣԼǱҵҪٷ֮ʮԴǱ뽫ǳعãǺƽԭŻĻһỻǡҶСĿһɨ˵
Уٷ֮ʮǻҪԴ֡Ĭȷԡ
ٷ֮ʮ̫ˣʣµԴͲѪ޼ҡҡͷ˵
֣࣬ǸǺƽԭҵЩԴƽԭĸַ͵ģҲ޳ǣֻҪеĸֶ࣬ǱˣȻõԴҶС絭һЦ˵
⻰һɺ⣬֪ҶСǱĬĽ޳УκһȨ߶ϣԼƿصΧڣԼƵ
Ȼ֪ҶСĿģȴܹܾ
ðɣεĵ˵ͷ
ȻˣǾ;찲Űɣ뿪ʱ˸һҶС翴˿ˣȻ뿪
ҶС뿪໥һۣǿɬΡ
ǻС׼ƽԭȫȫĿСĬŹâ˵
ǱģǺƽԭҪδȡ棬ΨȫͳһҪȻ»ᱻϷ֡Ѫ޼˵
һʱ䣬뿪ˣǰǸĳǳء


2270 Ǽƻ
˵㣬ɲԲҪôҰĵشҶСһεĿŽӡ
Ҳ㡣Ŀ⸺ĿҶС硣
ΪƽԭҶСļƻɵչˣڸЩӢսӳԱܶණԼȥѧȥĥ
ǵ鰲ź֮ҶСȻæµŶƽԭвãļƻڻĵشҪǳأ֮ΧҲ޳ΧҪʮںƽԭı߽紦Ҫʮ
ЩǳһɹͻһγɹԪһѲ⡣
ԪʮɷʮȵĻ󷨣䱬Ϊǿ嫡
һЩ´ЩӢսӵĳԱ֮ҶС㸺鿴ǳصĳأͼֽȵȡ
ҶСæµЩʱһСβͣӡ
ʱҶСѾӼ뾫Ӣսӡ
ӣ㵽ҪſϲٸңҶСƵ˵
ҶСı飬һ󳩿죬ƺҶСԱͻǳһ㡣
Ҫ㽫Щӡˡž΢΢һ˵
ʱ䣬ÿϣϵЩӡϧþ˰취ûнЩӡ
֪ҪЩӡǽӴҪȻˣǣֲ⡣ҶСǿһЦزǻԲ˵
ڲᵽʲô鷳ΪѿһڶԷļ̵ӡҪȥֻܹԭİ취
ʱʵսУ׾ٵľռ˼ӵıˣռռˣӲˡ
룬ҽЩӡҪȻҸûꡣӶҶС˵
ҡǸ⣬ûķˣòװûиоôҶС罨
һûдӦǲͬˡ
ˣҶСһΣֻӾôš
ҶСǰǰæµµʱ䣬ŽЩǳص㶨ˣŪͼֽ
ǳصȫ˳ǳظЩ˸𣬵ȻΧһǳȫ޳Ǹ
ЩҶСصԵشǳУúϢһ󣬱ƻͨƽԭĮԼƽԭͶ֮ͨ
Ȼܹ󷨣ǲõֻСģģҪʵ֣ؽе߿϶Ҫ󷨸֧Ųסÿδ͵̫ˣ˷Ѿ
һҶСҪͨĮͨˮŸϽҪҶСһͬȥĿľǼʶʶȻķ顣
ڻ˺ܳʱ䣬ѾԺƽԭһ̵ˡ
ҶСǲ׼ˮȥģ峺۾ͱĻǴӦˡ
̳ˮҪȥҲ׼ȥģϧҪǳص飬ֻҪһֱ˻
ڻԵشдʱ䣬ҶСˮ뿪ӱԶԶĸҶС
ˮϤˣĳҶСߡ
ÿҶСһӣоһƣŮӸˡ
˵һΣ˺ƽԭԵشòҪܣòȻҾͻὲͻȥӡǵΪڳϸǧꡣ׵۳ǺҶСѵһв
ף֪ˡˮЩͷ˵
Ӱ׵۳һ·ϣԽǷУؾԽֲҲԽ٣ȻҲЩľЩľϡƷ֣ǿޱȣӲҲʮǿ󣬼ֱϺõľҪá
ȫǾ޴ʯ飬еʯߴϰɣһСɽеʯȭͷС
Щʯ龲ţƺ˵Ĺ¶
ԽԽռҲúܻңܾΪռҵԵʣЩïʢֲ
ƽԭĮ֮بǵһƬΪҵĿռ䣬ռңŨĿռ֮ɢż䣬ǿޱȵĿռ֮С
һУ㲻ᱻЩռ֮˺ѳΪĩҲʧҵĿռС
ʱУܹԷҿԷ棬ȴĵľ룬ô׷׷ϣԽ׷ԽԶ
Ҷ㿴󡣡ͻȻ䣬ˮžһ
ڻǰеҶСͣŤͷȥһƬƽԭĿռ䣬ǵҰУƺС˺ܶ࣬޵Ӱӣ졣
ĿռѾˣϻĵһЩ޺ͺƽԭĳһռӰͶӰ˹ֵطҪСĵ㣬˵źúõģԷʧˡҶС˵


2271 ҿռ
ǵǵء
ռ为ޱȣ񾳸֣һСģҲʧУԶܹ
ﲻǿռ临Ӷ䣬ЩµĿռԲעͻᱻ˺ѳΪĩ
ҶСҪһͨѺѣھ͵ҪʱˣǰҲǹ£һֱûгɹ
ǰһʱҶСͣʱܹȥ·ߣȥĻͲһܹоˣǸʱ򣬿¾ͻʧޱȻҵĿռ䡣
ôͣˣˮɻҶС磬ͬôһ顣
ǻܹоȥ·𣿡ҶСʵ
˳ŸӦһ£һɫ䣬ΧڣĿռ䲻ϱ䶯Ǹͱ𲻳Ҳ֪ȥߡ
ǻ᲻Զ߲ȥˣˮдһ˿ϣҶС硣
ܰɣҲǸոշ⡣ҶС
ô죿ˮŵĵʵҲ¶һĨģһĨڣƺǾ֪⣬ͲҶСˡ
ԺֻҵĿռˡҶС΢΢һ̾һص˵
ѵûбİ취𣿡ˮųϣʵ
ûУа취Ļ綼ˣԸԸôҶСѯʵ
Ը⡣ˮһ죬ȴ¶һ˿ǣǱߡ
ֻҪԸСҶСЦЦȻĿͶӣأԸⲻֻˣйŮģ㻹ǸҰɣ
룬ߡӵҶСһۣȻޱȵĵĿΧ룺ѵҪһ
ɵ͵͵ҶСһۡ
һ󣬿Ů¶ǺܸߣЦ˵ղźǿЦģܹܵ·
Ҷ̫ˡˮװŭҶСһۡ
˵֣ġ
ҶСڨڨһЦȻת˫Ŀбų˿µĹâǹâƺ̴ܹռ䣬͸һС
˫εĹâƺһƬؼҵع
ʱҶС˫лҶС˫ֵĻվλãͨȥ·ߵĿռƺȶγһԲεȹͨ
ͨոγȹ̱˱ƣŮҶСɫ䣬һֻ򻮶ȹͨһֻдһööɫķıγɣͨûգƺǶһͨεĹ̶ס
ҶСٶȼ죬һСʱʱ䣬ͨôһξͨ
һͨǺˮγ˿ͨǰ㣬ܶǻҵĿռ䡣
΢ټӹһ£ҶСŮǰС
ԽǰԽΣգΪ˺ŮʧҶСŮڴԼصӡǣΪǶʧѰǷ㡣
֮⣬ҶСεץסԼֱۣӻЩ̫⣬ΪԼİȫεץסҶСĸ첲
ǰĿռΪңƺҪ¾񾵵ĸֽֱӱ˺ѿʧϡ
ҶСŮÿǰһξͣóһͨǰͨȫ
֮Բڲúõͨǰ·ΪѰҷڲúõͨǰûзУ֪ʲôطͨ
ڲúõͨǰζӡǣӱȷǲֱߣǲͨȥĮͨҪȻóһԲεβͨǾ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬ͨŲ˲ʮľ룬ǰĿռΪˣ˺Ŀռ΢һע⣬˶ʧɢŻҵĿռ䡣
ǰʲôһʱ䣬ĬͻȻָǰ˵
ҶСĿһֻۣǲԶƺһʲôƮ
εץ˹ȥƺҪʲôϧƺﲻǸǰ档
ץסȻܹǲһǾ;Ǹ֮ܽŤĿռ䡣ҶС͵
ǱҲиʲôˮҲ
ǶȥֻһϣҲһƺεҶСٴγ֣Ҫǵʲô
γɹˣǸ֮ŤĿռ䲻Ǻܶࡣ
ҶС罫ǸץʱˮźӶһ
ֻҶСץǸһεĸʬǾ߸ʬ黨һŤһţȫʧȥˮ֣Ȼ
ú£˶ѡҶСЦЦοˡ
ˣôôѿˮЩµʵлЩ档


2272 عġӡ
ҵĿռʱ̫ˣղκεڵȫṩҪˣĳ˸ɣǵĹȻ𣬺ǰ񾳸֡ҶС翴űץǾ߸ʬ˵
漴һӣǾ߸ʬ±˻ҵĿռС
ܶЩ֪ж١
ҪСĵ㣬ĿռܸΪңץҪɿҵĸ첲ҶСѵ
ȻĿռ伫ΪңҶС绹ܹоӡǣӡǣܹصͨ
ǰһʱҶС翴ǰԶһռ䣬ռ䶼·𱻷ָ룬һּΪǿŤƺֻҪΧڵκζָ롣
СġҶСһѵ
ʱһѾǰҶСоһǿޱȵƺҪ۶һ㣬ʹͣǿޱȵ˺֮ǹâ۳ɵ·˺ѵãŮҲһɫףǰļ֡
ƺһˡ
ǹȥҶС˸ովȣͻȻ䣬ԶĿռǺһӿƼΪƴ
⣬ǿռ֮γɵĿռ˳ҶСɫüΪأƬҿռĸӳ̶ȳ
ҶСϽóһεĹĻŮҲó˹ĻԼ
ʱռ֮ӿȫû
ǡ
˵ĹһԲΣһ˼Ϊ״飬ǹǿ˺˽
ҶСоȫɢһ㣬ʹͣƺзڣָоһֺʬʹࡣ

ʱŮҽһʧˣʧߣǿ񱩵Ŀռ䳱˷˿
ʱҶСнѣǽҲûãֿµĿռ䳱Уʹòκһʹ⡣
ռͲȶһѻƱظӲȶ˭֪ᱻſռ䳱ʲôط
ʱųһСʱǿ񱩵Ŀռ˳ʧˣҶСڻָжʱʹޱȣ·ڲС˼θ
û뵽ǿռ˳Ȼ͡ҶСµ˵һ̼䣬оԼƺˣƺҲǿƵʹķӦҲǸйϵԻ
΢΢һ壬ȻתƬ̼䣬㽫ָ˹
ʱŸͨڵӡǣڣԼԼܵһЩʱһ
ܹܵӡǵĴڣҪȻͿҪԶʧˡ
ΪһʼδѵĲãŮ϶һܹоŮڵλá
ƽʱֱܹ˺ѿռŮߣǵֱ۳ҶСӣȻŮ߹ϧǼȻҵĿռ䣬ռ䱾ͺܲȶ˺ѣûκε޷Ӱ
ֽһεͨҪȻһҵǣָӦͨӡǾ鷳ˡҶС翴˿ܣ
˵ɾ͸ɣʼ룬ʱڵλñֱͨߣҪȻõͨͲ֪ͨη
һͨҶСʱȫͨˣͨһʱҶСһϽӿռָóһЩָΪҩҺϽЩҩҺָΪָͥڣӤ
ѰǵʱˣҲ֪ôҶСЩġ
žܽһһоƺԶˣ֪ܶ࣬򲻶ԣϽ
ҶСĵ߷ѰŮַʽʹͨͨķʽȫһ
Сʱʱ䣬ҶСڸоǵľǳˣǰȴʲô۾Ĵ
ʱ۾Ķһġ
ҶСεһӳǵǰǵϡ
ҶС٣һ
ʱҶСȫǰһĻˣֻʱӣϳȹãȫˣ޳ȫ¶˳ô̶ͬ֬ɵһ㡣
ϸ֫¶˳ϣҪָֻм鲼ƬڵܹĿ΢΢͹Ĳֵ֣ӡĽ
ҪһӷӦ˹ǿóһɫĻҪڵסҶСߣϧܹڵס
һеİҶСŤͷѹסеļ¶
˵ľܽǵʱ̿ҶС磬Ǹ÷ǲ


2273 Ѱҵ
ҶСתһ¶һĨɬʱҶСţоʵ̫ˣ׼һ
ҪҶҶһ£лĿռ䡣о׼ҶҶСϽѵ
ֻҵĿռУ΢һ£пֱʧҪҶСٴѰҺܾá
⻰ӽ΢΢һʵǲ֪ô죬һʱ䣬¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ҪᣬҸղѾˣҲٿһΣһҲûʲôҶСѵ
һ⻰Ӳû
̣̣̣Ϊ˲ʧҵĿռУʱֻţн߷ŭѡ
ⲻͶûû壬ҲزסתȥܹҶС뿪Ц˵⻰ո˵꣬͸оһǿŨҵɱ
ȻɢģΪ˼ǽţɱƺܹ뵽ҶСĹͷ
ãҶСһʧһתͳȻ첲ֱӽӱ˻УҷӡΪ
ˣʱ㻹Ҷ֣ҶСЩ˵
㡭ſҡӽŭ˵
δһ׽κϴλͬϵＸȫȥˣֱԼӱҶС籧š
ðɣѵ뽫ЩӡΧһ˶ûУ˽գûʱˡҶС绺˵֪࣬ôӾԲͬġ
ûٷҶС籧һž¶ԥ֮ɫ
ѵ㲻Щӡ𣿻˵ǣ׼ռһαˣĻǾ˰ɣҶСΪ
ðɣһ㣬ҪȻҪȻɱ㡣ˣҶСռһαˣҧӦ
ģҲģɣţֲɱ㡣ҶС˵Ȼ˫ַزͦĻԲץУԸо˻мĲ
ҶСεɢЩӡ˫ֻڲͣҶ
Ӷʱо׻һ㣬δĵһĸо٣٣ϵĺһֱӵѩ׵Ĳ
ʱȫ뵽״̬Уûһûע⵽ЩӡѾʧˡ
ιˣӡѾʧˣǲǻͻȻ䣬Ӹо˫ʹ˫ֳ룬һҪץסĳ嶯ȻһϷŰ
һһ˹ԼЩӡʧˣһһ뵽ղԼķӦŤͷյĵҶСһۣ޳ܡ
ȱץң￪һռ䣬Ȼһ·ֻҵĿռиͲܹôָҶС˵оץס˫лһӳһԲεĿռ䡣
Ͻ·
ҶСĻٶȷŵĺܿ죬æӴָóһǳɫȹϣ˲ҶС罫˸顣
ˣ¿
ߡӻ·ҶСһһסϸ֫һĵطɳ۶ȥ
ǸåߣղӿҶСһƣиˣ
ڸý⿪ҵķӡ˰ɣҲ㶯֡·;У˵
Ŷ㲻˵ҶˡҶС粻˼ЦЦһַ뵽ڣΪЩӡ
ӡոҶС͸оԼһʹֻһֻݺݵšһ⡣
ߣⲻһѵҶСʹӣӸҶСһı顣
ǳˣòҲûгԿҶС
øղѰҵӵİ취ҶСѰˮš
СʱʱҶСѰҵˮš
ʱˮŵӺҶСһģһϵȹˡ
ҶҶСӳʱˮһ󼤶һҶС绳УȫԼ
ˡˮί飬ûܹĿ࣬⻹ǵһΣ飬Żˣ֪ôźãҶСһѰ
˺ˣѾûˣץң￪һСռ䣬Ȼһ·οһˮţҶСϽ˵
ˮźܹԵĵ˵ͷȻ뿪ҶСĻץסҶСĸ첲ԼϲѾûʱϸֳ˺ΣʮŤ


2274 ͨͨ
һҶС翪ٳһСռ䣬ȻˮŻһ
ˮڵòɴѾǻҵĿռ䲻֪ʲôطžò¶˳
ӿˮͬǾۼؼòʱҲˣΪŮӣҲһ˿ϲĸо
ѹҵĿôƽԭ߱һŮЩ΢΢⡣
ҶСȻæµŴͨռ䣬Դǳռ񳱹ҲûΧĿռȴӵĻҶС翪ͨѶˣٶҲ˲١
ˣȻܹ赲ҶС罨ͨľġ
󷨵輫ߣعҲﵽһ㣬ڿռʱ䷽棬ܸߣܹͨͨԭ
ǲûУƬռĻҶѾˣѾͨһͨˣǻѵʱЩѾһˡҶСЩź˵
ƻʮھҪͨû뵽ȴôʱ䣬СȻγǵѶȡ
ߣⷬ¶ûҪͨǵνǵһˣ֪˷˵ʮ꣬Ǽʮ꣬ǶԸ⡣ӰҶСһۣˮŶЩ鲻Щ鿴ñȽ͸
Щ㶼֪㲻ǸؿռˣҶСĿ˵
˭˵Ǹˣһֱʧĸְ֡ҶСһۡ
˶٣ȻЦһ˵û뵽㾹ȻһĹƭ˳
ҶûƭңԸġˮҶС͡
̫ˣƭˣΪ˵û
ǲǻӡҶСϷһЦ΢΢һĽ˵
⻰ӽһһȴڲƺһ뵽ҶСΪӡʱ޹̡
㡭쵰ӱһ
ҶСֻǺǺһЦûٽʲôǰߣȻͨͨ
ʱ佥ȥǿռĻҶҲԽԽˣҲԤʾͨĮľԽԽˡ
ʱֹȥ˶ʮ죬ոǰгһξҶСбһžâϹҳһ˿ЦݣҪĮˣѾ֪Įķɳ
̫ˣҪˡҶС仰ˮŻ˵Ҳ˸˼ʡ
ôʱһֱֻҵĿռУΣأֻҵĿռ䵥֮ǶͷĿѣҪȻҶСߣǶ
ߣȴȥĮ˵飬ҶС˵Ѿܹȷˣ˲ᵣʧٶһ˺ܶࡣ
ʱ䣬ڿһأһƺɾ޴ʯ̳һ㣬Ǿ޴ʯϸһЩʯ֮⣬ŭЩʯڿз裬ҷһ˻
ǵˡҶС罵ٶ£ڲ˽ʵĵϣѾǻҿռķΧ
Įˮŵɴ۾Ǻ档
ֻǰ޴ʯ̳ɵϵʯʧˣȡ֮ϸСɳ߾ͷһ޼ʶǻɳɳ󣬻Ϊӡ
ҲһĨ֮ɫ
Ҳû˵ĮӵӣҶСɻʵ
һһֱڱԭУҿһξͨѾҪͨˣѵͲ˷ͨԺ𣿡ʵ
Ȼˣһڽڵĵط󷨣ֻҪ˾ͨһķΧڣԶͨУǲˣͻݻͨοһͨĳ֣Įͺƽԭ벻ĺô￴ߣοҴ򿪵ͨû㹻ΪʹͨҶСЦЦ͡
ˣǾȴƬ̰ɣȥһεͨ򿪣ȻȥѰޣϢĮҶС˵Ȼרעͨһξͨ
ʮӺҶСӰѾˣֻʣӺˮˡ
㣬ڻŲ¶ԷҶĳ𣿡ˮͻȻѯʵ
¶һĨã֮ɫҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ȷʵ޲նɱϧҲĶ֣һеҲǹҵܵܲ
أΪĹôһֱӺʵ
뿴磬һֱ
ѵͲƭˣʵ
ҶΪʲôҪƭңˮŴʴ漴ҡҡͷ˵Ǻˣƭҵġ
ˣк˰һ̾˵


2275 αװɳ
ŮһֱһЩ޹صĻ⣬ȻĶҶСйأһҶС綼֪æµĴͨ
˰ʱ䣬һͬˮγɵ֣ͨҶСӰ
ֵͨһ̼䣬Ůܵ˺ƽԭϢֱѪȵϢͨһӿһɹ֮
ɳĮϣ¶ȼߣһ˸ͳܲˣ¶ȴ͵ˣҹ²
ȣ˵ǺƽԭȽϺãȻ̺źฺܶѾϰˡ
ҶСһööĳ֣ͨúǰһģһͿһͨ
߰ɣѰһޡҶС翴˿Ц˵
ôͨڵӺʵ
ڻʱ򣬵ǴĮع󣬴ͨͨͨٽϢݳȥһһΪǿҵĺ䶯ҶСЦ˵
ҶСѡ˷򣬾ʹŮնȥһκЩ̶ӽĮ;оѾѧηֱ淽
ĻܲϤҶСѡһֱߣֻҪֱߣǲܹޣҲнһ̵ĵϡ
ֿȵУҶССʱʱ䣬Խһɹɾ޴ɳڿԶһƬ̵ء
ɳĮϾǶڲƥϵ飬ޱȣԴȪػء
һ·ҶСŮ˹ĮϵһЩ֪ʶɳɮȵȡ
ԶƬʱŮгֳ˹һ档
ҶСˣһӽϣ޾ͷ·ǴȻĸ򻷾Ĺһ㡣
ոս٣оһʪӿʪ¶ҲˣƬɳĮֱǽȻͬ硣
ݡ
˸ոմﵽޣӰɳ˹ҶСǰ
һ˵ΪѾ񾳺ڣ˶ڸ֡
ǾĶҶС磬ʲôˣ
ݹߣҪƬϢһʱ䡣ҶСǳϿҵ˵
ԶĿˣӭǡҶС仰໥һۣص񾳺ڸ֣Ϲҳ˷ǳЦ˵
лҶС˫һϣǾһĮߵķס
˵Ĵ£߽һĴһȺȺţеĳԲݣ޸ɭУ޵ĺ
Զ٣Ե쳣飬Ϻõ̾ƻɹƵĶɶдҶСһˡ
򵥵ĽҶС֪񾳺ڸ˹άˣƬϵ쵼ˡ
ƬϣкöۼأƽԷΪȻҲڲϵ
飬ˮźӶԵø⿪
չεֱã˷ĺõط
̺ͬϵĲݵϣҶСˣеҪԱ˶ƤϣΧһȦмþ޴ҶӷƵɣտĸζĿ⡣
һģһ߳ţһгӡ
ϣþŨصʥᣬϣԶĿܹμӡ˹άҶС緢롣
ãʶʶķסҶСЦЦ漴ĿһɨΧһȦЩϵʵ֪ԭס˻ڲɱûУ
ҶСһ仰һһӰΧЩˣϷҲͣĶҶС硣
˹άƤһЦݣʵԶĿˣ֪ʲô˼
ʲô˼ӦɳǡҶСĿһɨ˵
⻰һʱ䣬һƳ𣬲㽫ҶСûУΧÿһ˶ÿֲҶСˣƺֻҪʲô춯ͻ⵽µĹ
˹ά˲Ųæ÷䵶иһ鿾⣬ȻȥŽĿͶҶС磬ôģ
·ƣ·̫иϰԵĶǱȵʱ΢һ£ϰ߿ֻɳаɣǳɳĮУΪ˲ʹɳӹȥ᲻Ծضһлϵɳӣοϵݣ·ǲģĿҲûôҶС翴˹ά˵
žžž
˹ά˹ƣϴ֮ɫܺãܺãû뵽Щϸڶ㿴ˡ
ʵһΪؼҶС˵
ʲô˹ά˺ʵΧЩҲһɻҶС磬ƺҶС˵һʲô
Ů̫٣һϸĴ䣬ԲôٵŮˣ㿴䣬˱Ů屶̫ˡҶС绺˵


2276 ͨĺ䶯
Ů̫٣û뵽ⶼܹΪ㻳ɵһ˹ά˳Цһ˵ȻûбԼ
ϣҶС˵ûɱǣҲռһƬضѣǲ֪ɳΪǴǨƹġ
ǵļ룬ȻܻӭϾź֣ܶӿԶԿɳĮһǿǿɮ
ѵ㲻ǿ𣿡ҶСЦһʵ
ҶСĻ˹ά˲ûĿ⿴Զ˵˭Ҳ뵱ǿããɳĮУȻǶɳĮȽϤֶӵҲˣһɳ죬Ȼܹµ
ǰ಻ȡŵһʣɳĮУĵңϧԽԽˣܹܲ
Ϊ棬ǲòɳĮɱɳĶΪ˷ŭЩɮ˽ȥĮѾֻ£ҵֵһһ˲žɳӰһͨһ
˹άӣҶСĳûѣÿ˶ԼѴһɳͻȻΪһͨˣҪ
û뵽ﾹȻҶСЩ˵ͻȻ뵽ͨ⣬治֪ͨ˵ȥĮʲôı仯
ֻҪȥΪǲǵ˵ȥֻίλƬˣֻҪǰֵַģҵǲ㶯ǵġ˹άĿһɨҶС˵
Ҫ뿪Ļûܹ赲סҶС糰һЦϿֲޱȵϢǵؾⷽء
һƬط˶ܵһɿֲѹⲻǵǵ飬ǶһҪˣݵĳ嶯˹άҲһ
һ𾪵ĿҶС磬Ǹû뵽ҶСΪȻ˸
˿Χĸ֣ҶС绺ջƣǻеģοҲǶµˣģǵ飬Ҳ˵ȥġ
лû뵽ΪȻֵزЦǾȻ뽫˹ά˿ɬһЦ˵
ҶС絭һЦû˵ʲôϸƷζЩƵĿ⡣
ΧЩֶҶСĻҲʶҶСϱĿƣ֪ԼҶСĶ֣Ҳ֪ҶС粻ˣһϵɱҶСĿдżɵ
ҶСȻһʲô鶼ûзӣЩദһ
ȻҶСԼûʲôЩȴ˼֣н˼֣ϾҶС粻ǰͷŵֲ̫ˡ
ҹԭļƻҶСȻμʥᣬνʥǽɭЩ˵֦ȫգȻΧŻظ衣
ƬϴʱҶСŮ뿪˹άҶСһЩƵɡ
뿪޺ҶСһ·ͨƬطͨȥƽԭʱ䡣
ǻ˽ʱ򿪵ͨûоȻһ˲ĹܹԽȥطˡص˺ƽԭҶС̾
û뵽ĮǸӣ̫ƶˡˮ˵
ǺƶĮԴҲȽϷḻǵطûеĲҩɹɳĮһЩϡޣϡʯЩǷḻԴڿ˴ͨռͨĿ֮˰ɣǶȵĴߵĳɣҶС翴˿˵
ˮȻЩ̫⣬ͬûʲôʱ︴ޱȡ
һʼĺҶС絽ڵһ㶼ޣһЩС
Ů˳ҶС˽һ⽫ƽԭı仯󣬱ȥ˺ƽԭֿʼ˴ͨռļƻ
ϴξ飬ͨͨٶ˺ܶ౶ҶСʮʱ䣬ͨ
ҶС罫һ֮ȻϢʮǳأ޳ͬʱ
Ϣȥһ˺䶯ƽԭ˷ܵĻ
ͨĴͨζȥĮͶͲҪˣⲻʡʱ䣬һһ·
ȻҲкܶ˶Ϣʾɡ
شϢشϢǺƽԭ¹ӣͨͨĮͶͨ
ļٵģǻҵĿռ̫ˣ¹ӾȻܹͨ
ںܶطˣ붼ˣҰ¹ԼҲûзϡ
˵Ѿҵͨͨػš
ַ۲Сʱʱ䣬㴫ʧ磬ʧ綼ǿҵĺ䶯
һʱһݵͼʧ˿ͼıͨ·ߡ
ͼҶС緢ģЩ˷ġ
˵ͼĴڣܶ˶ȥʵ飬ϾΪۼΪʵͨʱʧٴη


2277 չ
ͨĳ֣ܵ޴ʧȻݡ
⣬ط˶⿴鷢
ͨܶԴͿԲˣһݾͻʧܶࡣ
ͨͨϢȷĵ죬ǰͨҪͨ飬ϧҶС粼õͨѴ飬ˣЩֵ˻˻ҵĿռˡ
ʮʱ䣬ÿ춼˳֣ҶС绹жһЩǿĸֹͬ˭ٸƻͨôǸˣҲ⵽
һʼЩţʮնɱһ˲ʣЩֵʱ˶һ󵨺Ƕ֪Ѿֹˣߴǿѹ
ӣҶСɵİԼļתתۼǶʮʱ䡣
ʮƽԭ˾޴ı仯ȻǺһĻңͳһ˺ܶࡣ
ܶ˶ŷҶС磬ҶС磬ҶСͨͨƽԭ˸Դ
ҶСںƽԭƬϽһǳأһǳѾɹˡ
ЩǳؽĳɹҶС粼õĹԪ󷢶ƽԭһ¾ǷǿҲ׽롣
ʮҶС绹عһ·磬˵Ϊķǳ죬عƣøԽԽ
ҶС˴ԴǴ˴ĺô
񾳸Ѿ˺ܶ࣬񾵸Ҳӵǧˣ񾳸֣ôûࡣ
Ͼ緢չʱ̫ˣھʱܣ߾ҶСʧĶ
磬û˵ǣԭϵѾ磬ʧͨϣѾ˴ĸ֡
Ƕûн룬ҶСǾ߷ĴڣһͱҶСնɱˡ
ҶСǾ߷ҲѾ񾳺۷ľ磬ǱսȻǷǿߵĶ֣֧Ÿϰлûġ
ʮҶС罫·һЩԴʧ磬ԴԱø
ƽԭչĺܿ죬ܶ˵ΪˣҶСļЩӢ飬ÿ˶ӳ˾޴á
ÿ˶ҶС䵽˸иҵУҶС绹ǸִȨǿΪԼļһ¡
ȻЩ¿ƼΪϸ񣬾һҪҶСϱ
֮ܶһ仰ҶСȫ˶ԺƽԭͳһµҲҶСϹϾǴӰĬѪ޼˵ĿѾ֪ҶСʵ
ǲҶСԻԥǾǵڳˡ
ҶС罫ƽԭȨķ䵽ÿһϣֻͳ֣鲢ܡ
ĵشһۡڣҶСڿĴϱĿӾһСѾͷһҶС紷ȵȡ
ӺݺݵֱҧлЩԹ
ʮ֮Ĺϵ˾޴ķԾȻûͻĹϵҶСҲûж˵ʲôĻеֻǵϷ
ӵ̬Ѿ׵ת˹ϾѾʮˡ
Ӧò˰ɣӷǳƵĶҶС˵
ҶСһ
Ӧҵأ
ҴӦʲôҶСװһɻʵ
㡭Ӻݺݵҧ
ŶˣҴͨҵ˵лᣬһҪ㣬𣿡ҶСϴЦݣ˵
ô˺ܶǿĹǰãһµ֪ͨ󣬱ҪҶС罫ǸͨڸʱҶСӦˣʮѾͷѾһˡ
㡭Ӻ۾˵ƺҪˡ
ޣޡҶС罫ԼУο
ҶСľٶѾϰߣûзԣ֪˶ٴΣں
ҶСйâӵüģһҶСջ֡
ߣ˵㻰ҶСѾǵͨڸҶСһۡ
ҶҶ㣬˵Ҫ㱨ͻȻ䣬һţˮС˽ҶС籧ڻʱ΢΢һ㶣ͣһӡ
ˮͻȻ֣һ죬Ͻ뿪ҶСĻ
ӣãҶС˵ͷȻӴ
ӶΪȣΪԵʲŸҶС磬ȻҶСҲģʱ䣬Աԣ˳˵˵ԼԴ⡣


2278 ħ۳
ĵشһߴۡڣһһĴڣʮƷζһЩɹ;ˮ
ӵԸˣټЦʲôʱ򣬶һӡ
һһӰ֣һӰһϮɫɳīһĳڼͷһӰҶС硣
ʵ˲١ҶСһϣɢ⣬ƺܹӿͨ͸
Ϊǿ߻һξ롣˵ݴϢԨķħ۳ˣһؾնɱҪΪǿߵĸ֣Ȼͳ򡣡
ʲôħ۳ˣô˵ҲҪˡҶС󾪡
²õʱڣʧ˶֪˵
Ҫ仯ˡҶС¶һĨ֮ɫ
ߴǿ˱չأûǵѹݶЩңܶԴĹжˣкܶһЩҲǴڷħ۳أ϶һȷѪϴ
ѾʼϴˣߴǿߵĸԻʧ޴ı仯˵ҪһͻƵǿߵľ磬ҪȻûлˡ
ûл᣿ҶСɻĿӡ
ѵ㲻֪һֹ۹⿴ҶС硣
֪ʲôҶСɻˡ
ǿߵƵģ˵ĸʱǿߵ䶼ûг49λĹҪϽҪȻعʲô磬ͻơ˵
Ȼ飬һû˵ҶСЩ⣬ж
Ҳ׼Ͻǿߵľ硣
úעעǱߵĶ
á
±ҶСӾ뿪ˣֻʣҶСһˡ
þã΢΢̾һǸ˵̻̫ǳˣҲ֪ûлΪǿߣûеĻҪᡣ
ҶСһĨɫѾ뵽˰취ԼҪΪǿߣǸսѾǿޱȣǸ˿Ҫˣû׼նɱһЩǿߣһ˻ᡣ
ħ۸Ҳ֪ĺ䶯֪ǿ߶ôҶСü
ȻѾǵߴǿ߸飬ǵһʱиоЩͻȻ
ҿӵзǿߵսһΪҵ飬Щǿ߳غ󣬿϶ʲô
Ǿ׼ʧͳһϧʱЩ֣һǵļƻˣǳأ϶׼ִּƻ
˿̣ħ۳صϢѾݵķ׷һƺ˺ܶ࣬ҲûǸǸսˣǶŹ̬ȣŷħ۽Ķ
ȻҶСϣħһͽͳηΧڣЩչڼϴһ飬ܶƿ˶ֱӱնɱˣˡ
һʱ䣬ħͳηΧڷণܶʵʵģħϽ˺ܶԴʾԼġ
ħڲʮʱ䣬ʮͳĵܱ˷ǿͳĵ̡
ȻҲûļΪ֣ÿռһ̣ϵһȴһܴĵ̡
ʧǿ߶ڹעŷħۣϾߴǿ֮һǿ
ֹһµʱ䣬ħ۽˶Ҳ֪Ͷķǿ̸ʲô顣
ֻǴƬ̺󣬱뿪ˡ
죬ҶС׼ͻƣΪǿߣϾݷħѾˣɴ˿жϣǿ߸ҲԶˡ
ڵʵһǿսԣǶͲˣϾݵЩǿ߶˲֪꣬ʱ쵱
ϾûгΪǿߣΪ˷ǿߣЩ˸Ͳ⡣
У뵣ŴعҶС粻ϵع򣬻
ͻȻ䣬˫ĿüУĹͲʺôں쳾̬ҪȻͻƲˡ
Ѿ¶˾ģ׼߲
ףħۣҶСĿһգƺ͸˲ռ䡣
ΧڣоһִԽռǸڵǳء
ҶСǳٹﴦһ𣬡ħۣ֪Һƽԭк£


2279 Э
ҶС绰µһɲǣľһӰγɣһӰҶС硣
û뵽㾹ȻܹҵĵһȵһӰһӱգһӰɫͿò
Щ˲֪ɷ͹򣬼Ϊ⡣
ǿߵϢԣϵϢûԲѵ񾳺۷ΪȻӵ߷ǿߵʵħ۴Ϊ𾪣ڷĺƽԭǱˣ˳ɳԻķ
ǿߺǿϵϢԲͬΪǿ߸ֵķħһӱ㿴ˣ񾳺۷ʱûôǿΪǵҲһ
ħ𾪵ĻЩûҵҶСıĿǰʲôط˵ҶС֣ôıԲᳬһΧǲܷħô鿴ѰҵҶСı塣
ۡǵۣҪһпҪˣٺ٣ħ
ҪնɱҶС˼ϧڲŷ֣ԼûаգնɱˣԼһ̫ˡ
ߴǿȻһģʵÿ˶Լ˽ģԼƣܹΪŹͬ棬ûйͬʱǾԻε
ѵħ۴˴ǰΪ˿佱ҵģҶС絭һЦѯʵ
Ȼǣֻ˵ƽԭ³һǷǿߣʶʶû뵽㾹ȻǷǿߣⰡħۿҶС˵
ðˣҶСǫ˵
㲻ǫ飬ʵʵҲܹ³ǿҲó˰ɣһսУȻǶˣҲ˺ܶණȵغΪǿ󣬿һڣǻȫء
ڴͨ˺ƽԭͨĮͨƽԭպܹչһ۵ܶԴԣͷһף֮ԽһԴҲ֪һЩԴݺܶǺƽԭЩԴƽԭܶ࣬ȴһУֻҪǱŽ׹ϵ˵㿼ǵôħѯʵ
ҲͨĮͨظͲȱԴ֪ħΪлܵôԶףҶСɻʵ
˵ͨĮĹؿڶѳţ̫ˣ̶ӻᱻպܴһ˰գһЩԴݵļ۸͸ߵľͲһˣοôЩ̶ѹե̫ˣЩ̶ӿҲԸһ·ˣõûзôƽԭ˺̶ܶࣿ˶˺ܶࣿ
ħ۵ĻҶС˼֪ħ˵ʵԴкô
磬ûԶĵˣеֻ档
ãҴӦ㣬ÿ꽻һԴɣҶСһӦ
ãҾ͵仰ˣ죬ΪߣҸһҸ棬Ҫӵ˷ǿߵսͿԺݰ˴ǿ߶ԿˣǶʱķǿ߸֣ĻۣǱȲˣÿǿ߶ԼĵƣһսЩƶûжáħ˵һ仰󣬱ʧˡ
ҶСӰҲɢʧա
ĵشһۡڵУҶСüͷ¶֮ɫȻѾߴǿˣڲŷ֣ԼС˶Է
ӷħ۵ĿУѲ³ǻӵΪǿĹʲôֶΡ
ҪͻƣΪǿߣǸʱһоͶˡҶС
׶ΣһҪȥһ̼䣬뵽ϻ塣
ݷħѾˣϻǱҲ˾޴ѹϻԴḻ֪жûкطнˣһ˴Դ
ĿǰһܺõػᣬԴ򿪺ƽԭϻĵ·ϻ岢ܾϾҲȱٺܶԴοǹͬĵ˱ݡ
˵жжҶСһһӱʧңϻĺɶȥ
ϻȻʣïܣɽնޣĲҩһȺ䣬ǳƺѾҰ˵ϰס
ҶСӰ֣һȺ䶼ΧЩȺ䣬ҶС翴˺ܶණ
ǵķƺԶԶûǰˣҿ滰ϻѾͳһˡҶС
ϻͳһ˸ãһֻҪλ۴ЭͳˣûͳһĻҪһ


2280 ͨ
ϻĺҶСһֱнһ·ϣ˺ܶ壬Щֲɭɱ͵ޣǲɼһЩĲҩԡ
ڲս˺ܶ࣬ҶСһƶϳѾͳһˣпһλѾ۵ĲΣҲǷǿߵľ硣
ǵõϻ壬Ϊƴıˣ֪ϻĵǲ
ҶСΪֱӽɭһнգȻ鿴ŶԷļ䡣
ȻѾΪۡҶС¶һĨ⣬ȻַŻԭأָͲ֪Щ飬ΪֻԼԴ΢һ¶ѡ
۾ΪʺϹˣһۣǷǳǻۣȫûЩǿçΪ֪ҪչҪһƵƶȡ
ͳһʱ򣬷˺ܶߺйЩ¶һĳƺܹδǿʢ
û뵽۾סĵطȻϻııԵѾ˷׼ҶС
۽ԼסŲƵ˿ƽԭһ࣬һ֣ϻҪΪߣڵ϶ƴڡ
ҶС˸䣬Ѱҵ۾סĵط
Ⱥڶ࣬ѲҲΪܣйȺġ
۵йգһεɢһƲûкɨйǶ۵Ĳ𾴡
ʲôˣ
˭Ȼ

һŭһɹƳҶС׵壬ƺǿ籩һңҪķѡ
ҶСһΡĸɽȻĬĬĵȴţҲ֪ȴʲô
Щ׼𣬺ҶСսٻغϣһʵһؾס
¡
һλߵϣƺⷽռ䶼֮С
ҪһۣھȻѾ۳֮ƣҶСޱ˵
Щǿ۵ĻһԹԵȥϵȫ
٣ʧԶӭ
һǹĽŴ򿪣һӰ֣һӣͷŶɫģɫƮ裬һϮɫſǫͣһֶصʡ
ҶС罵ٶ£վǰһЦ˵Ҷ۲Ҫ֡
ԭǺƽԭԷҶͺȻ˭Ҳûɵ񣬴ͨͨصͨۺƵ˵
˵ǷҶʱΧЩһɴ۾ЩȻҲ˵ҶĴڷҶоܲϣȻ岻ѣΪģΪҶСͨͨصͨǴûй顣
ơ
ҶСҲûп۽ΰ
ڣ۵ĽɫΧǽڸĿ죬޵ëƤЩëƤɫ·Էγһͼ
֮˲ûΣֱͨڵϣҲһޱȵڣڷһŵͰĳľľܹʮ¡
ڳһˣҶСһˣľϰڷ˸ɹйƣЩϻĵز
˵ϻҰȴ֪Ǹʳ֮⣬Ȼĳ⣬ǶһЩʹޣȻ޲ʳ⣬ѪƽʱʹΪʳ
༸벻ĳΪײеġ
˾ĬƬ̺ۿʵ֪ϻΪˣ
ȻѾ²⵽һЩѯʳȽϺãϾˡ
˴ǰΪǺƽԭϻ֮ķ֮¡ҶС翪˵˵һͣȻĺһڹơ
Ŷ֪ʲô飿ٴѯʵ
һ㶼Ǹ壬֮һ򽲾ʹ죬ϣģŲæһ͡
Ѿ֪ݷħ۸˰ɣƲһ꣬ǿ߾ͻʱһ£ܵУЩطᱻͳһ˱Ҫϣһʵ
ôϻļϾ˺ԴҲһǿ϶ҪһԴҲҪϻһЩԴ۴ϻ֮ţҺƽԭϻ̣ͨеĺôǳ󣬲֪۾ôҶСѯʵ
ĬƬ̣˵ͨȷʵضкôͻᲶɱҲǳ࣬ϻ֮Ŵ򿪣±ìܡ
ìȻеģҪìСƽԭǱԼѵ۲ܹԼϻ𣿡ҶС綢ʵ
һ̣ͨҴӦˣǻҪ̸һ¾۴Цһ˵
á


2281 뿪
ϸ̸һЩϸϻƽԭ̱ͨ˶֡
ҶС֮׼뿪ϻģصƽԭ³׵İף۽ҶСҶСһЩɫһЩλɾĸء
ϻҶСعˣϻһУջ޴Ȼĺǽ˹ͬϣ൱һʱڶжԣϾߴǿߵвڡ
صƽԭҶСֱټƽԭЩǳصĹ߽˻һۡڣҶСͨڵĸۡ
ҶС罫ƽԭϻ̵ͨϢǣҽЩϸǣǽȥͬʱи֣ϻгͻ򣬻ᱻش
ȻҶС绹һ˳̶ӣƽԭķչЩ飬ҶС綼ȥִֻ֣дŵļƻ
Щǳس£һʱ䣬ʧ˶֪˺ƽԭϻĴЭ飬Щ̣ͨԴ˺ܶĴ
һ̻Ҫ֪ϻȻɽˮǲɷϣޱӴԴǸֲҪȻʵǲʺ棬µߴǿ߶ǨƵϻȥ
ڵشﲩԴӵУһսҪأϻĲҩ޵ʬȵΪ㷺Դ
̣ͨôǾ޴ģܹһеĸָһЩ
Ϊͨ£ϻŵںƽԭϻĽһؿڣΪ˱ڹ
ϻĺͺƽԭ֮ͨ´󣬺ܶ˶ǰƽԭѰҶС磬׼̶ӡ
ҶСǺƽԭЩ鵱ȻҪҶСͬ⣬ҪȻ׵Ķ˭֪ᱻںƽԭ
ڶ죬ֱӾǰѰҶС磬Ϊ̸̶ӵ顣
ЩֵǰҶСʾӭҪ齨̶ʱҶСĻشģɵģûоܾҲûнܣֻǲϵطܡ
ЩǾˣȻ֪ҶСҪʲôǸҶ˽˰յ⣬ǽ˶Դ󣬷ֳɸƽԭȵȡ
ҶСҪľĻ
ΪǰҪ齨̶ӵʵ̫ˣںƽԭһЩֵĽ£ˣ̶Ӷ˵Ĺ͵䣬һһ˰
Ľ飬ҶСΪ⣬ΪӾͿԽܶںƽԭϣ޷ѡ
˵飬ҶСȫ˴£ЩɺԺһЩţȻУҪδλǿߣҪǿߵľ硣
ͷȥҪȻߴǿߣûʤ㣬ϾԷ꣬ǻۣµĸֶǿ
ں̸ۿͨϻĺͺƽԭͨ£ҶСʧˣıԼòͣ뵽ɺ쳾
Ѿǵһν뵽ɺ쳾ˣκһΣҪ׵ĽܶĽɫС
ײƽ񣬻һЩĸֶ飬̷ɱֵȵݿ϶ܹ򵽺ܶĶ
ͬݣͬȦӣͬȻҲ᲻ͬ
ҶС뿪ºƿƽԭеĻջع飬ѾͻˣΪ˷ǿߡ
󣬲ûʲô飬Ҳûнǳ֮λǳҶСסۡڣһͥԺΪ
뿪֮ǰͱҶСΪ󻤷ҲˣƺûʲôȨ֮ģ׵ĳ
³˺ƽԭĸ߲֪⣬˶֪
ʮûյѾҲû˵ָ䣬ҲûȨ֮ġ
֪Щûõģת۳ɿգֻԼΪһС
ҶС뿪һߴǿȵۣƻĴĵ۶Ѿ
ǵĳأǿҵ𶯡
ǳغ󣬺ͷħ۵ΪһģһϴԼƿЩĻˣڶһ֣ƺǽĿѾȫ˶ķչϣΧ
ʱߴǿУλѾˣǵһϵж˸Ϳס
ΪЩǿ߸󣬻ٽܣʧͳһǲûôֻǷչһҪԼɶһ޶ӡ
ǵΪЩ²ɢ˴СǳС
е˵λڻ֣Ϊ˲벶ȸںһͳһˣĴǿ߸һҪ׷ѣΪ˵ȴĴǿߡ
˵ǵõĳ֪δһЩ飬δѡ
˵ǻܱЩĶ֣躹ޡ
һʱ˵硣˵⣬˸Ͳ֪ǲֵԭ


2282 С
ǿߵĳأ˺ܶ˵˼ݣʧӱϿƽ˺ܶࡣ
ߵѾӺƽԭתƵݣǶݵĶ˵ΪҪıǿ߶
ڲǱԭϵı֮ˣǶϻġĮѵýǿߵĸڲõʱҲḴǸʱ򣬲Ļҿʼ
Դǿ߹Ӣ˲ź׷Ч£·Ҳᵽʲôһ㡣
ݣͳķΧڣһɽʮ໧˼ңĺƶǵԴɽвɱһЩޣвɼɹ
ȻЩ˿һأֲһĲҩȵȣ˵ǻԲɱΪ
ӵǣȻƶǿȴҸޱȡ
ͷҲǿɽһһʯͷɵķݣУһƤµз棬һЩʯЩʯѾȥˣֻʣ´ĽҪɱ
ʯͷ壬ѴѾˣʯͷ޲һ¡ʱ⴫һ
һޱȵ˽¶֮ɫ
꣬κ˶ʯͷޱȡ
ΪʯͷĵıǵĴӣʯͷǺüǴģȻǴס޲ȫΪ
ΪˣǴЩ֮˵Ĺ˰ٷ֮ʮٷ֮ˣǿ˵
Դʯͷ޲Ǵ˵ʴ󽵵ͣ˴ÿ˶λʯͷ˺𾴡
ǰţĴ󵶷ȡɽջʯͷЦʵ
һնɱֻʥصޣһֻα񾳵ģЩ޵Ƥ;ܹü۸񡣡ĿİţһЦ˵һʮָ˵ӡ
Ǵհʯͷ¶һ˿ɫ
ʯͷ壬æȥЩȥˣһһݡţ˵һ䣬Ȼ뿪ˡ
ţ뿪ʯͷʼе飬棬Ϊ
ʯͷҶС磬뿪ƽԭҶСͷ棬ε󣬱˵Žᴾ򶯣
ɽ壬ɽ˼ΪŽᣬ֯˲Сӣÿȥɽɽԡ
նɱ޻һƽ䣬ȻЩμ˲Сӵ˻ַһЩȫϣΪһЩƷֿʯҩԴĶΪĶ
УΪߵѾα񾳣˶ʥΣȻ쾳ˣЩ˶Сӡ
ʧ磬˭ĺӣһ֮壬Ҳ֡
ȻЩĸڱԺӽ˸죬ЩӵǱǿޱȣȻһֻһأò˶ãǵΪͻͽ
Ҫ츳ҪԴӴԴܹߵľ硣
ҶС󣬽ԼΪӡʥ۷ĲΣǱ¶Լ޲
Щڿ̻һЩ·Щ·ĴڣǵĹ
˺ü£ҶСѾȫ˽ȥƺѾԼҶС磬ԼǺƽԭ
׵׵ĳΪһɽˡ
ܿ죬һѻɫذҶСγˣҶСйâ£ذϵ̳˾ĻƣЩƼһװΣҲһܹǿ󹥻·
Ѿذ׺ҶСʯݣʯǰ˲տһЩ޵⡣
ûжãһƮüС̽ͷ̽ԵĶҶСĿ⡣
ǵĵҶСЦЦ˵ɣǳԣǸĸﲻ¡
ЩСӼΪɰǵÿտЩСӶǰҶСƵĿ⣬Ƕ˵ֻҶС翾óԡ
κ󣬶ǸĸȰ˵һ٣ܵҶСԿ⡣
ǵĸĸȻҶСûʲô˼ǺЩСӳҶСһݿ⣬ҶСûгԵġ
ҶСĻЩСӱ件ȻΧһȦ۰Ͱ͵ĿܰĿ⡣
İݣƽһķɡ
ʱôһȥͻȻ䣬һ޵ĺ𶯲ֹ

ȫ˵ļźţٸܵǵ𶯣޵ĺУ˶˹ȥɫأһ֪ʲô鷳
ΪһԱҶСȻ˹ȥ


2283 
ɽ䶫ߣһĹ㳡ϣȫ˶䣬İʮȫѾ
ÿжһǳǳֻľ޴ȵȡ
ӴЩ˵УҶС֪һɽˣҪٵı־ЩɽֻҪһЩԴˣЩ׼ɽȴֱӽȫնɱ
ȻҲܲɽˣܶԷʲôˣĴ䣬϶ǲ⡣
˵ĶѾһƤµ˳ͷףϢ΢ͬеһ㣬ͿҪĺꡣ
еĴ峤¸أÿ˶
ʥµˣ뵽ɽɽУɽǿߣȥٶҪ졣һ֮ɫ˵
ǣ峤ɽ깧ӦȻϽ˴Ķ顣
䣬ˣҲ˳
ʯͷֵܣҲһȥɣǴΨһʦֻҪǴӾָܹԪʱɽߵҶСǰ˵
һɣҵʵҲһˣһʵʵڲҾ뿪뿪¾α۷ֶ赲ˡҶСҡҡͷᶨ˵
ɽһȰ˵Ȼı䲻ҶС⣬ֻҪգʥظִӴĶȥɽɽȥ
ʱ㳡ϣֻʮ֣Щֻɽһαǿߣ˶ʥȻҶС⡣
ͬɽһӽԶѵĻ·ϣҳư硣
͸ǻҳҶС翴һʥǿһֻֻ͵ϣڶУʮǿնǶα񾳸֡
ʧռѹ޴󣬾ʥǿ߶ܹڿгʱУֻα񾳺α֮ϵĸֲյ
ĽӽЩָΪ
峤ǿȥƺɽˣɽ˲˾װͻȻɽ˵
ȷǣǿĳˣҲЩ˲ôֱʣ㿴ÿ˶߳䵶ǲҪȿ˵¸صĴ峤˵
ʱ֧Ѿӽˣͣ˾һĵطףǿ
˭еĴ峤Уһǿ߿ʵվգۡһ㣬ݣһ
Щα񾳵ĸҲֻЩСɽ֮˵ǰ˴УǾ˼һΪͼ۶硣
ǣ֪λǰǣ峤˳ʵ
ͻȻ䣬Щǿɫһ䣬üΪѿʵǴЩȥʲôط
֪Һʲô峤ɫһ䣬ʵһ˿õԤС
ͷʲô͹ԹԵػش𣬲Ҫ졣֧Уǰһһʵ
ҡǻΪɽˣ㽫Ƕתˡ峤ɬһЦ˵
ѵûнյǵֻ֪ͨҪ츳ĺӶͬɽǿٴʵ
ûУǸûյʲôϢ峤Ͻ˵Ѿ֪ԼЩȫǶԷĶ֣ЩˣΪô˶ţֻܵġ
ˣЩʲô϶ǲ뽫ЩһĿǳļһǿ϶ǺЩʽϺõĺ뿪󣬴Ժչ֪ЩӾǵпһɳ죬ʱ䶼ܵôҿնɱǣȻѰҵЩӡޱϵ˵
еЩû˵֪Щͬ¶֮ɫһӣһָǧ̬
ɱ
һдݵɱϵЩ
ǱҳһʴĺӣǵѾ˳ȥǸûж˿ϽЩŵĺ͹ȥ
󾭹˽⣬ǲ֪࣬Щ亦ǵĴӴ˵䣬Ը⽫͹ȥ
֪ǴȻɳһ֧飬ͬɽĴԼѰңҸЩһЩͷ
ת˺ֻܶΪ֣ȻЩӲŭ찡
峤˵ΪɽˣѹͲš
У߸û˵Ȩֻǿ߲ǸȨӵƶȨ
֧ǿʱһ֧ÿ˶еĳĹգлһۣĸַȥ
ĹĸӰ


2284 
ۿɽĹ£Ҫȫɱɽһϱ˿µĹâ
â˫ֵĻ֮£ܵĿռ䣬γһεУЩȫС
žžž
һ֧֧˵ϣɽվǰ棬ĿһС
ǰĸɫѿޱȣû뵽ƶɽоȻһα񾳵ĸ֡
û뵽Ȼһα񾳵ĸ֣ѵãԸһͬɽ𣿡α۷ĸֿʵ
¶֮ɫƶĴжܹα񾳣棬㹻Դһһɳ죬Ϊ
ǸʱҲ̾ʶ֮˵һЩô
⡭ɽ˿Щǣ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ģֻҪԸͬɽǲΪˣʵ뿪Ӱ쵽䣬෴ܹǴôһ㶨ȻǵĴôǸˣӦα񾳸ѵýһ¡
ɽЩԥ
ɽЩȥɣ̫ˣһֱ䣬ԶҲ޷ıǵˣΨ߳ȥܹıһС峤һᶨؿɽ˵
峤ɽſڣ۾Щʪ֪һߣӵСʧȥºܳһʱڣնɱ޶٣ôһЩӵͱü
Ҫ˵ˣ뿪䣬ȥ棬ֻϣ㲻ҪǣǴɽ߳ȥġ峤˵
峤ģҲǵġ
ãһˣǴЩСɣһЩ츳ˡɽͬˣα񾳸ѵ¶Ц
峤˵ͷ֪ͬٲͬ⣬Щ˶Ҫȫնɱˣοͬ˶Ҳûл
Ҳ֪Էǿɽϲûж䶯֣ҪȻ綼ɱһɶˡ
ţ峤һźţǱɽɽЩ˻ع顣
˾ôȴš
ףͻȻ䣬α񾳸ַ˾ȵֻһ죬һеĳһӱɳС
еɫââ϶ʱ䣬â¶һ־ſĸо
ýýû뵽ǴﾹȻôõĳ֪ѳǴõģα񾳸Цʵ
ҡɫǺ죬֪˵ã͵͵ƳһҶС磬˶źۼĿһҶС硣
˴ʵû˵ĽƻǵĶα񾳸С
ҶС΢΢̾һ£Ⲣеˣеδںܶʹﲻֳˮľ硣
ġҶСվ˳˵䱻ԷԼ߳
ҶСĻα񾳸¶һĨͣһĨ֮ɫֱӿ˵Ҳͬɽɣʵ̫ˡ
ãˣɷפһµʱ䡣ҶС翪˵
Ŷα񾳸¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
Ǵȱ̫ıפһ£ΪǴһЩȻͬɽұ֤һºһġҶС˵
ҶСͬȥͬɽĴ˶ҶС绹Щ仰ҲûʲôҲ֪첲šȣЭȡһЩ档
һ£һµʱЩҾ͸ʮʱ䣬ҵƣʱҡУα񾳸üȻ󶪳һöɫơ
лˡҶС繧˵Ȼӹöơ
ҶСʶ࣬α񾳸ּΪ⣬γջǾ޴ģȲõһα񾳸֣ǵõһˡ
˴ǺȱģǸ
֮󣬴Щɽɽ˶ˣǼα񾳸ڴЩСѲһȻѡ츳˵رõĺӡ
ӻɽﳤȥ
뿪󣬴ЩȻۼ㳡ϣԶȥıӰÿж¶һ˿ı
ǿΪ硣
һʳһ㣬ǿߵʳ뵽õ࣬õԴҪӵиΪ޴˵ȨƶȨҪ
峤Ұżڴˣʮ֮ڣһЩҽڸǣˣŴҲΪһ潻ҶСߵ˴峤ǰ˵
峤һƽһԼȻͬ


2285 ߴǿ߾ۼ
ҶСĽ£峤ҶСˣʮʱ仹̫ˡ
ҶСǿнЩ֪ʶ䵽ЩԺУֽˣǾҪȥϰˡ
ʮʱҶСΪ˺ܶıȻֻʥ۷Ϊ죬ûиΪ߼ġ
һǸЩõĲңǵ̰֮ģǶ˵ǻǸ
ʮ֮ҶС뿪ˣǰͬɽһóҪʼˡ
ͬͬĸɺ쳾жԼҶСĿ꣬ʱʱ䣬ԼݣֻĿǰԼ״
ҶСһʱڣѰ˺ܶ׿׿ĸ֣Ȼ
Щڰ󣬻ʧ磬ҲԶţʷĺз˻
ʱ䲻ֹ֪ȥһ꣬һ֮ڣʣǿȺأغĵһϴڶѼЩ츳ˡ
˵ݵǰǿߵĶܹעĻôǿߵĶеʵ
Ȼ֪ôĿģ׷Ч£ǱԭĮƽԭҲһġ
ƽԭļƻЩ߲ԱͬʱģڻգûвμЩ飬ֻػƽԭ
ߴ۸ֵĸеΪǶߴǿ߶ǳ֣׼һͳʧ硣
Ͼߴǿߵ̫ǿˣǴڣʧͲңôж֮ǰҪǵɫǵж
ߴǿ߳һǸòõĶѾúˣȴûажƺڵȴʲô
ʱҶСѾͬɽ뵽һͬɽΪߵĲ񾳺۷壬һΪߵѾˡ
ҶСȻУȻˣɽЩԴڶ̶ʱڣȻһӴα񾳳ڽ뵽α񾳺ڣͻƵα۷塣
ֱͬɽĸ߲㿴ˣҲһЩȨƣɽ˴˼ĺô
ݵ飬ҶС绹֪ıȽģϾʱݣЩƽʱҲϲ̸һʧĴ飬ʲô仯֮ġ
һ죬ߴǿ漣ľۼһƺʲôһ㡣
ʧգƺγһ磬ʧĹ롣
СУۡƵʮǹǵۡƻĴĵۡԨķħۣɽմۡҹޱߵҹۡȵۣ˶۳ɵıϣһ߸ϡӡ
ұչڼضӵһʱ½ҪʱĻԻͣʱ»˽뵽Ǹ˵ľ磬֪λôһɫ׵ۻһѯʵ
Դϸʱһģһ𣬲ʱЩһϾҲһˣǿ̽УȻͻƵǸһ˿ߴȫѰЩ츳ѵ꣬ǿ̽һлּǿߣǶԣһķǿ࣬һȻռơ
ҾûʲôҪ̸۵ģ˶ͳһʧ磬Լ磬Ƕԣ˸ͲʲôǱ˴˲ĵˡһɫ۵Ĵĵۿ˵
˵ĵۣĿҲδ̫ǳ˰ɣȻǵʵȷʵǿ󣬵ǧҪ͹ˣӮ۾һӣ˵Ǳչڼ䣬ð˺üǿߣܹͻƵǿߵľ磬һʡ͵ĵƣȫɫϢֵۿڼ
Ҳ˵˵ѣѵ㻹ȽЩնɱɣھʱԻ͵ʱҲԶˣǶܹܵԼʧò˶꣬عȫı䣬ߵı䣬Ҳֻ꣬ѵǻȴȥĵ˵
ĵ˵ʱɫһ䣬ǾϸʱȻ֪ǵвȻڸоǵٵһ̣ܵĲʧб˵ֻš
ϸʱΪѪȵİ취ʱһܹõˣǶԣû¸ʱˣеһбʱҪĽӡǳͼϵس۵ǵۻڡ
˵ΪѵʱǿӵҲģģģҲ֪ȷȷֻܹһֱȥЩǿڻնɱնɱһǾҪȴϰǧ꣬ǵȲ𣬱Ҫȵʮλǿȫ󣬲ܹ֡մ˼һ˵


2286 ƻ
䣬˵޳ǲģģĲ׽һ˿δĹ켣˭֪Ժδ᲻ʲôʣȷҪǳɳѵǾͲǳɳ֮вǣҪ˵ǻնɱˡһӿķħɭһЦ˵
⻰һ˶Ĭþã۲ſ˵Ψһİ취ְ취ĻȫûлᣬοǿڵҲʮλҪϽ׼ЩУܹһ
ѵھʲô𣿡ҹޱߵҹۿʵ
ǿԲ֣ǲ˲֣½ҪͳһģҪģȻҪͳһ½ˡϴһĨЦ˵
Ҫ𣿡մʵ
׼õʱ򣬵ʱȡͻϮŹâ˵
һ⡣ĵ¶һӢͬЦݡ
һ顣ʱͻȻ䣬ǵɫƽ˵
ʲô£ǿ߶ĿͶǵۡ
ߴǿУҪ˵أǵˣ۶ɵ֣˭Ҳ֪ʲôֶΣҲ֪ǻƵʮǹʲô棬ǵ۵Ļ˶һ
磬ǸعҲѾָҪǿǸ磬˵Ǹһ֡ǵۻ˵
뿼Ǹ磬ҵһӾɥǸ磬ο»вֵʱĸִšմ¶һĨ䡣
ǸȷʵҪǣǸͳһ˵ǵһǿܹһ˵
£ͬ⣬ǱҪмƻȥһ£ȥԼȥ˼һ˵
һѣҪ߸ȥҿһ¸ȥȿħ˵
۵˵ͷҲôΪģʵұȥǿʵֱӺɨ磬ٶȾͻܶ࣬ҵĵЩںô꣬᲻ʲôӣȥһ㣬ҲǸ˾ô
ʲô˵ţ˴󾪣һɫƺᵽǸжôһ㡣
ǱǼΧۿ˵ģοǰǳսǶѾĲлꡣĵƺЩµ˵
ȻĲл꣬˭ұֻ֤һأοǱһ£ʱ˭Ķ֣ĳּΪ죬һҹֵ֮һ㡣
ǻǵ𣿵ֵʱ緢չܻǵȵֵʱ򣬸ָĹˣǻʧ磬з˺ܶĿʯΪĳ֣Ǹʱŵ˼ΪöԻ͵ʱ˵Щǿ߶ûָܵ㣬˵ǵʦҲΪ
Ҳţûһ㾯֮ģô˵ǶҪһ㡣ۿ˿˵
ûĻʱҲ׼ͻƵǸ˵еľ磬ǲ֪ʲôǵһǳ䣬Ϊˡ
ô˰ɣɳǿȥ翴ħ˵
˽һ飬Ȼɢȥˡ
Ͽһĵģʵϣÿ˶ԼС̣˭ͻƵ˵еǸ硣
в˭ͻƣ½Ҫǿˣ˭Ҳ˺ԼС
йߴǿ۵鲻֪˭ˣʧ綼֪飬ȴ֪Ƕʲô
飬ܶΪ
ߴǿ֪۵Ϣ©һɫѿޱȣƺ˭ǷǶǮһ㣬´˭ǵϢ˳ȥ
ò˵ߴǿߵٶȷʵ죬һۣڶ죬ÿɳһ񾳺۷֣񾳺֣ͨǰ˱ԭ
ԭһƬѩף߼ʡ
ããԭϣһɽΪܼĵطط룬һγɣΧһӴơ
Щ룬ԭϾȻһɫУƺ˭ﶼᱻɡ
ɫͨ·ֿͨͨš
ɳ˺֣ܶϧҶСնɱˣ飬ǸͲ֪
飬ҲûɳֽȥˣȻΪ˷ֹǱػ
һ죬ããԭϣһӰնٶȼ죬ķͨķ
һߴǿɳĸ֡
һ˿ҪӽЩٹʱһؼ
ʲôˣ


2287 ĸ
һǿտıԭϸĺƺ˶ܹһ㡣
һһµƳЩƶ񾳸ֵϢкü񾳺۷ǿߵϢ
ϸ۲Ļͻ֣ᷢЩƵĸڵλһ޴ͼֻҪ乥
ݡ
һӰڿնվУһӺᵵסЩߴǿ·ĸ֡
Щ֣ɫɳ£һͷ׷ѩڱԭƺԭΪһ壬һĸоǱ֮ˣǿı֮ˡ
ұʲô£һϢΪµ񾳺۷Ŀһɨѯʵ
ǲǱ鷳Ҫȥ硣񾳺۷ֿ˵
ߣǱһֱڱԭЩ˺޹ϸֻҪǲңҲǣǱĵ̣ھǱ壬˵ǱģҪǱĵΪǿ߼ʵ
⻰񾳺۷ɫһ䣬磬ͳһֵĿƺѾǱˣôһͺ鷳ˡ
Ƿߴǿߵȥ磬ѵҪΥλ˵𣿡񾳺۷ּ˵ͼߴǿߵѹ֡
ЦǱǱ壬ʲôϵߴǿߵôˣǱĽأκ˽ֹ룬ɱ⡣ֿΪǿӲһ㶼ߴǿߡ
仰һжʮһɫ˱䣬໥˿ԷŸô졣
Щ̫ǿӲˣºѾǿˣڸô죿
һĶѣǲ֪ߵغ񣬾ȻҸɫǳȥҾͲܹ赲סǡ
λ˽ǣǾͱҪãҪȻλʧˣԺ»ᱻӡ
ҲǼϲòˣʲôֶζҪȥ硣
ǶʮһһѼ⵶ȥͨǱҲǺԶ
һ˷Ǿǳ壬ٳ壬һ嵽ͨͨǱߡ
һжʮһ໥һɫһϿֲƱ˳Щƶһ
ͬ
ħӰ졣
ǹޡ

һǿޱȵľѧһжʮһб˳·Щǿ߹ȥ
ɶ񣬳֡
ǿ߷ŭĺʱ䣬ҲˣǴޱȺĹƺܹعᡣ
䡪
ݶʮһǿĹһ׶֮˵ĹȫȻ˿ռ䣬γһֱͨͨ·ͨ
ߡ
һݶʮһ˿磬һӳͨͨϣȻһͷ˽ȥ
ȫͨʱЩ֮ϵƷ·ѩڻ
ֳͨڣ¶һĨЦ⡣
ߺߣôǰһ̫ˣӦøһѵ˳·Щֵʵ
û뵽·羹Ȼôǿսǲȥ˺֣ܶȻһûлع顣
ʮһ׳գǹǽ룬ǻܹǾŰɣ˵һ˸Ǵľϲ

·磬ɳĮУһһǿսѲߣ
ôʱķչƼѾչ˼ߵˮƽЩ߿Ƽսףֱ˼㣬ܹһҲܹһ
սڣи߿ƼԷ©㣬ǳܻ
ս
УҶСǾ߷Ŀһعһ߿ϷǸͨ
ͻȻ䣬ͨɢһҵĿռ䲨ĿҶС˫ĿĹâΧĿռ䶼γһϸܵĿռѷ졣
һΧһ󷨿ⷽռһӱˣôΪ˷ֹЩͻȻ뿪ⷽռ䣬ĻĻ̫鷳ˣһսƻ̫ˡ
ʱһжʮһִн䣬վУûеǷӦʱһâ֮ҶСб˳ޱȵĹ켣ĺۼҽһ޴Ѱ

һҽתۼ䣬ʮһУ񾳺۷⣬ȫնɱˣʬ


2288 ս
ʲôоȻôǿĸ֣ѵǱ֮ˣ
ߣ뿪ٴӳ顣
ЩΪߵ˵ϲվߵϣƺ˶һ㣬ˣʧ༸ǵӺȥĸ֡
˵һġ
һжʮһ˱ҶСǿĹ˵ˣֻʣ񾳺۷֡
зǳƣҪչͼϧոս˾޴شܵصв
񾳺۷ĸֶѾˣ׼ƬأȻ㡣
ߵ⻮ƳգҪ뿪ϧƬռȫˣǸոǰһξ룬ͱһε赲ǸͲܹ뿪Ƭռ䡣
ģȻ󷨡иִ
ˣһǱˡ
ʵ̫ˣ˶ûмͱնɱʮ֣ˡ
ǼȻˣͲҪ뿪ҶС˵һӳǰϷâ֮ɢһҪⷽռ䡣
㲻Ǳ壬ѵǺĸ֣һ𾪵ʵ
ôܣôĸ֡
ҶС˲䣬ޱȣƺͲҶСĸ֡
ǵӡ֮УĸԶΪ΢ʶǳȻҶСĳȴǵ֪ޱȡ
ûʲôܵģҲ̫Ŀ˰ɣҶСһ˵ȻˣǾͲҪ뿪ˣǵѪ⻹ܹ˴ܶô
ˣһͼˣǾȻиִ
ȻҶС绰е˼ҶС羹ȻǵѪ⣬൱ץסЩµ޺ǵѪɸõĶ
ҶСΪƺȫǵޣôܹŭ
ģ֣һ˶ѣҾͲţնɱһ˵
ʱ䣬񾳺۷ͬʱ֣һ۳ɵĹ˳˿ռ䣬ҶС繥ȥƣƺҪҶСɷĩ
ߣûˣܹսһϧڣѾˡҶС˵
һݡ
ҶСΪ쳹ļ˷ΧֶܶˣҲ֪ʧֽ˸֣һ
һǿġεķâ֮統գᴩգһ˲䣬ؼɫΪ֮Ȼ
â֮ޱȣи˿ռ䡣иع
ǿĹһӱҶСնϣɹĹȫѣǴĹһӱֽ⣬Ϊ˴ɢ˿С
ǵĹתۼ䶼ҶСƳһɺ⣬ǰˡ
ΪǵʵܹԷնɱڲ֪ԷȻ񾳺۷ǿеǿߣǿҪͻƵǿߵװ
Ǭ
ҶСٴ
âֱ֮콵£ʹӵһΪɫһΪɫ
µķâ֮ײһ𣬶ʱ䣬ɽһ㣬ռ䶼ζ
һ۵Ĺâҫµɫâ֮һƬһ㣬˱ٶȼ죬ûܹȵϡ
Щ꾹Ȼˣ
赲һҪ赲ס
˷ĲһĻҪҶСĿ¹ȫ赲Ǹո׼ܣָоԼѾȫˣôܣܲȥ
ǡ
һĻ飬ûκεâֱ֮ӴǵĹĻһַâ֮һֱӴ̴ϡ

ҽϳһѪɫѪҺ
⵽ʲô͵ĹȻǿ
ľޱȣҶСֹǰδδţͲ֪ȥֵˣ͵ֵסҶСǿĹ
â֮ԹΪֹΪˣȻҲȱ㣬Ǿǳ־Բá
תЩѪϣǵɫȴ԰˼֡
㡭㵽ʲôˣһ񾳺۷ѯʵܵŨŨв
벻취Ļ½һ˾Ҫˡ
ҾˣֻҪҽˣҪ׼ҶС˵ĴͣǺúܰɣ
ҶСĻ£Ƭռܶ϶ǿĹâЩâһ֮ϵĽǳ
ռһƺԳһһ㡣
󷨣㾹Ȼ󷨡иִС
γɵĿռڣµĹϴһֿµΰƺҪеһĥ


2289 һ
һ˲䣬ؼ·γһµ磬ǸУŰַɲһķ磬·ܹ˵괵壬Ѿֹ֯ǿ󹥻
񾳺۷ѾʧǿУ໥֮侹Ȼ
ҶСվգ˫Ŀ磬ƺһϷ
Ҷʲô°ɣҪҪиĸǰæһڿնϴŹ֮ɫѯʵ
ãǼ˻岻󡣡ҶС˻˵һ˿ҲûС
һ߷ƺԶǵģԼѵ״̬
ҶСĻ󣬵˵ͷȻ£վɳĮС
Щ񾳺۷֣ҶСͲģĵǿͬʱ٣Ļ鷳ˣڵʵ赲סǿߣǲ󷨣Ҳֻܹ赲һʱѡ
УսΪңƺѾʧȥ˱ģһ㣬սһͨ
ͼˣȥɣһ񾳺۷ͻȻһϹâʢһֽһƬأǹ֯ɵ򳡡
ֿµһ񾳺۷ѹȥȻԷ·ûвΣһ㣬Ͳ

һҽٱ˲ŷӦ˹ȻѾˣֿµΰĥˣûָһӽĥ˸顣
һ񾳺۷ˣֻʣ
վеҶС翴˿ЩҪһѻ𡣡
ϣһ˾ʧˣС
УҶСͲܵӰ죬һǰһǿķâ֮˹ȥ
߶ǿĸ֪ƺǲΣգһȭ˿ռ䣬ҶСǵâ֮ײһ
䡪
ǿȻҶСķâ֮ΪϬֱпһȭһӺ䵽񾳺۷ϡ
ֵһӾͱˣһ󶴣ɫѪһأޱȡ
ͼˣҾĲ㣬㾹ȻˡһڷϸϷѣҪָȻҶСٶȸ졣
һâ֮һѳն£һ־ͱնɱ룬Ҳնˡ
ҶС£ǿĨɱ£ֻʣһ񾳺۷֣ħɭɭһ֪ǷħµˣҲֻµһЩֿͬħһ㡣
˶Ѿˣ׵ʧϡ
ͼ࣬ɱңɱңͻȻ
īħǱ˳ͣƺϵһͨ˱һˡ
Ѫ֮ռת
ᶨĻд˫ӡϵϢһ˺ü
һͷںڵͷò԰ޱȣƤҲһӸɱһռʱٲͬһ㣬״̬һӵꡣ
䡪
һɫһӶգҶСĴ˳ȥͨʧͨɱȥ
áҶС˸һĨĹâǰһҪ赲סֵӰȻһոյԷѾͨ
ϧˣҪͻƵǿߵľ磬ҪȻǿ߽٣̫ˡҶС
һرգػָ
Щ񾳸ֵʬ嶼˰ɣŻҵΪҶС绷һ˵
ܸ˶УҶСĻЩ˷ܲѣǰЩٶµʧʬϣѾ˺ôЩʬ̺ǿ͹򣬸ܹͳ
ллҶֹܶ˵Ƕǳԭһ֣ÿõĶһࡣ
ǹͬɵЭ顣
ҶСնɱһʧĸ֣˴ʬ壬Щ֪Щǿʬۺһûд
Ϊ£ҶСնɱһˣԴǴ¼Щ˶ʵһǳĬš
Щ񾳸ֵʬ壬ҶС粢ûиһ˷һ£ϴλعѾ˺ܶԴоЩ񾳸ֵʬ塣
ЩԴѾ㹻ˣοҶСܹеŽҶСָӺͰš
ܴķ潲ڱס


2290 Ĵ
ʧ磬ݣһڣҶСָһִָǿı
ͻȻ䣬һĨĹâ˱ԭķ¶һ˿ǡ
û뵽ߴǿߵĿôע⵽Ӧ취ǡҶС
飬Ѿ֪ˣȻѾϵЩ飬û뵽ô졣
ԭͨͨԵȻػţǴͨжоһֲϢ
֪սʼˣսǶȴսĽֱնɱѾȫ˺磬ںݺᡣ
ϣһ˲ʧһоѾȫУǱȥͨǱԭӦ
ʵС»ʲôⷢǼȻܹնɱǱɳȥ񾳺۷֣ɼʵˣЩҪȥеѶȡ
ͨԵ۵вǶʮһһУȴϣǳ׵ĽУһǾлˡ
꣬˴ͨˣע⡣ͻȻ䣬һ񾳺۷˵
Ļո£һɫâбųٶȼ졣
ߡղ˵ִһһץµɫâ˳֯γһֻ޴ƣһֻ޴Ʒ·ܹץա
䡪
һɫâһӱ㱻ץɫ޴С
ء
һӰ˵ϣ涼ݺһ¡
ȿȿȡ
һӰȳ˼Ѫޱȣ˶һͷӡ
ף㲻ݵ񾳺۷ôӣأһѯʵ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ǡɶı壬֪˶Բԣޱȵĸ¶Թ֮ɫű֡
Ȼܺ·Щ֣Щ֮ˣ֪⣬ȴǣôһͷ˽ȥֻһ˻š
ˣʱ˽һʣ޼ܵ˾޴Ĵˣ´Ӵ֮Ҳ벻˷ǿߵľˡ
ܹ赲ǽȥ·磬ӲǱ֮˵İΧȦɱһѪ·Ǹ磬һжǵĴǸʱ˵·磬ǻ᲻ȥ𣿡Цһʵ
ΨһĸһȻ˵ȷʵе¾ǶԷ赲Ҹ֪·ǻǻ룬ϾǷߴǿߵǲĻȴǵĽǾ޴ĳͷοڹǾͿ·ˡ
˵˵ɣǽ·е׷ʲô飿ôֻһˣѯʡ
Ǳͨô꣬ѵǲ֪·Ψһɻʵ
֪Ҳɳ֣ܶϧҲûʲôȻ֪¶һĨź֮ɫ
ٺ٣ԭǱҲһˣǰɣǣǶ뿪ˡΨһ¶ֻЦݡ
·һµ񾳺۷֣£ѾΪǿ߲ԶˣЩ˸ͲǶ֣ˣͨڵĵطǿ󷨣һڶý˳ҪȻһˣԽȥ
ԷĻֶһ
ѹ֣ѹ֣Ҿ˵ÿɳȥ˺֣ܶһ˶ûлع飬ԭͨȻ󷨡
Էʵ̫ˣǸͨ൱һڴֻҪǽ·磬൱һͷ˶ԷѾúõУҪ磬·Ƿǿܹ쵽һ񾳺۷ָ̾һ˵
ڿ뿪˰ɣΨһһĸֿΧѯʵ
ֿ˿ݵĸ֣Ȼ໥˿¶һĨЦݡ
뿪ڣյʱȻ뿪һ˵Զִһɫֱ㽫ݵĸִȥ
ݵĸֱһѯʵΪҪȴյʱ䣿ѾõҪĶˡ
ٺ٣Ȳ뿪ǿжһϣǻΪԼɳȥ˳ɹˣպǽŹȥһǿߵɫһܺÿ


2291 ٴ
ڷħ񾳺۷ֳɹһϢݴ˿
Ǿߴǿ߽Ŀת·ĺ磬պߴǿߺпܾͻԽٵǸС
ϢȻҶС紫ݳȥģĿȻΪߴǿ߽·ĺ硣
Ϣݿʱ򣬺ܶ˶еĹעǶѾоΣУߴǿߵõ·ĻߴǿߵøΪ£ʱǾΣˡ
ݵĶܶйעţֻҪߴǿʲôЩҲж
ǿϢһɫ̫ÿǱܵĽ飬û뵽Ǳ˲ˣɲһܺõ
ʱ򣬺ܶʧ
ţкܶԴǵȱǾ඼һЩԳɵģܵͼ
ȻЩͼҲ츳Ϊ˵õˣߴǿ߲ҪõЩ츳Ϊ˵õˣ뽫ǵĺ԰νҰİǲò
˵ǰڱԭһս𣿽ߴǿߴ˵Щ˾·磬ȻЩֻһƲл꣬п·ʲô
ϢԽԽףû·˵һãԴ䱦ѻĵط
Ϣȥ󣬺ֶܶע˺磬Ȼкֽܶȥ˱ԭҪͨȥǸ翴ϧְͨţǸûǸᡣ
һҶСϢҲЩƣû뵽龹Ȼݱ䵽ֵز
·͵չ˶û뵽ЩµƺƵ˷˼⡣
¶·治֪Ǻûǻ
յʱ󣬱ֽΨһ񾳺۷ͷˡ
ִҴҵ뿪˱ԭص˷ħ۵Ԩħһжʮһֻһ˺󣬴ŭȥ·翴ô£ҺãǺǵġ
ħԼµںźɫΪĲÿ
ʵ̫ˣôֲŸոսȥǸͱɱˣͲ֪·Ψһһǣ·羹ȻѾ񾳺۷ǿߡ
ħ۽´ݸǿߣȻգȴ˵ĵߴǿһۡ
ʱãߴǿ߶ɸ߿գһɫÿƺһҪĳ嶯
ħû˵ѵĻ·гһ񾳺۷֣ǲǿ󷨣¸λôʵ
ʲôû˵ѣ˼ҵƭǣħ۲ˣ˫ĿɵϴЩߵ˵
ҪκϢǶܹȫţϾϵԺļƻҲûй˼˵
ڸλ˵˵ԼĿɣҪӦ·飿
˶Ĭƺڻ˼š
ߣ⻹˼ҾͲ·ʵܹжǿϴǲɳ˶ʮһ̽ѣǿɳĸ֣ǿйҾͲܹ赲ҹ˵ɱɭɭ
ܸӣȻԷܹͨڲóôǿ󷨣˭֪ԷûʲôֶΣɳֽ磬Ҫɳˣһ⣬ɳȥˣֻöԷȫɳȥĸֶĻҲܹܹ·磬ˣΧкܶǿаմǵ˵
˶֪ǵĿں磬ɳĸ֣Ǳ߿϶⣬˵һзǿ֣߳ǼֵĻ»طǿߵķĵ˵
û뵽һССĺ磬ȻǸӡƲƲ˵
ʧЩҸĵ·л᲻ʱЩ˲õʲôֶΣ񾳺۷Ĵڵʱĸ֣Ǹɳĸ֣һǺܿµġһ˵
ǵۣʲô۽ĿͶǵۡ
ҾȲһź顣Ƚʧʱ˵ǿе磬ǵ˵һ󣬱˫Ŀ
˺һ飬ǹأɳ֣Ʊػӡ
˽ȥĻ²ܵǿߵϹ·Ĳȷصȴǡ
ǽȥˣ˭֪᲻зǿȥǵˣǶ뽫һţУ·ӹһ١


2292 
һ֮ǿ߶Ѿ˶ԺĿơ
˲ǲ뽵ٿƣиָĹǡ
ۺǻǾýʧ˵ȻǸͲźЩ˵սжǿ󣬱ϾȵԶԶʧ磬֪
ǿչ˶һһڲϵѰһĸ֡
תۼ䣬ʱ䣬ܶݺĺǶھһգΪ˴̼Щӵĳɳǿ˺ܶܶѵأиָı
Ǳߣһ죬һּٶȲϷչţҶС뿪ʱѾܶණ׵ˡ
ܶһӳ֣һֻ޵ĸо
ҶСʱѾʦתҵ۱ĵطһµһ߹ע飬һ
ڳһͱƹģÿָ˴򽻵Щ˴򽻵ͬʱҲһ
ǵƺȫӰҶСԺС
ʱڳţһɹΪǿߡ
ʱֹʮ꣬ҶС任˼ݣڳһһСͷ졣
ԴҶС뿪󣬺ƽԭչ޴ΪĮϻͺƽԭ໥̵ͨԵʣԴ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶǿߣЩǿ߶ƽԭҶСյ˽ȥ
ֵһǰ׵۳ǳĬΪҲѾͻƣ˷ǿߡ
ڻյĵ͵Ĭ͸ߵ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰϾ󻤷֮һ¹ҶСûڣȻһմȨĸо
ôܶ˶ڳǿߵľ磬񵽵ж˳Ϊ˷ǿߣ˭Ҳ֪
һ죬עʧ̱һ죬ߴǿʧзǿ߷һ뺯˵ķǿǰݣͬ¡
뺯󣬼еķǿ߶ǰݡ
ǿߣϢΪǿ󣬿ǸոͻƵӣĮһһƽԭĬȥˣϻȥˡ
ÿһ޴дǰݡ
Ȼһʱ飬һ֣ǾǴӽ쿪ʼǿ߲ܹ׶Ϊµ˳֣ҪȻͻ⵽зǿߵ׷ɱȻЩ˷ǿߵ˳⡣
һҪڴ͵ս
޴˶֪ͬЩǿ໥ȽǵʵЩһǶԷĶ֡
սʱһЩǿ֣߳¾Ǿ޴ѡ
Ȼ֪ߴǿΪλôһǲûʲôͬ
ʮǿͬʱģݴǵƺ䶯¡һЩң˶ܵˣ󣬱ָƽƬؼƺһʲô
ֹÿһǿ߶ܹܵڤڤУƺʲôڶǡ
ʮǿߴĳֽǶзǿߵĴǵģصı䶯˵ǵԼеķǿߡ
죬Щǿ߱㷵˸Եĵط
ڶգߴǿߵĶһӽʧ˶С
ĵۺҹɳ˴ֽ壬ǵۺͷħֽۺ۽ƽԭմ۽Į
ɵĶ鶼׷׳֣ЩΪ͵Ķ񾵣Ŵ񾳸֣񾳺۷Ҳкü
ǵٶ̫ˣ쵽ЩûзӦӵϢʱɵЩѾʼˡ
ȵЩһЩǳضѾ˼ҵ֮
һ޴ޱȵĵУƶ˶ۼս׶ΣǰδеŽ
Щˣÿһ˶ģ֮ɫ
߸ϼһգѾ׼ǹͬΪľƷǿߣվͿʼٽƻѾܾˣҲ֪Ǳߵôһֺ˵
ǶѾۼ˴ĸ֣ǶѾˣڽôҪˡһ˵
ʱͻȻ䣬һӰҴ˽Ӱɫѿ
λˣϢǶѾʮ챻ռˣǵĹѾ赲ڻڼսСֶЩƶ˹˵
ʲôǶȻôʮ챻ռˣУһҪ
ҿټһһЩ֣ԤĶ飬ʲôط飬ҲܹӦ
ǰһﶯ̫ˣǺܱˡ
Щһ飬һ߷Ÿ


2293 ս֮ʼ
ԭķǿվУ·ҵսһսб֣Ҳݵĸ֡
¿Щ൱ããԭȾѪɫޱȡ
ԴĵۺҹǿߵĹԭһЩıݶռˣЩڣǸûзӦʧ˺֣ܶҲʧȥء
磬Ĳ𣿡һǿһǿѯʡ
ǲ֣ܳһ֣Ʊػĳͷѵûиоڤڤһ𣿡ǿ˵¶֮ɫ
ѵǾǵɱ𣿡
ԣǵɱܾˣǵѾ׵ķӦ˹׵Ľ״̬ЩһҪƣҪȻԻֵͣġ
ķǿҲûĿⳡɱ¾
֪εսɱˣҪⳡսôֻкݺݵĴ򣬺ݺݵս
ʱʧΪƽĿ¾ҪϻĮˡ
ϻ֮һƽԭƽԭ𣬿ϻ嶼ᱻ
ĮɳĮӣûϤ˴·춼Ҳ·
ƽԭʱҲսУЩͻĹƽԭܶǳضѾݣҿڱ̻ǵ赲ţûЩǿ߳
ΪսԵʣƽԭƬطռеΪϢӰ˶ľС
Ȼۺµĸֹռ˺ƽԭöǳأҲ˺ܶ֡
ƽԭĸԹѱȻռˣÿ춼սݵĸÿ춼д
Щ˵͵Ϯиָ˷ʤֶΡ
̻ΪޣЩּ˶飬ʮ֣Ǳ˿ޱȵĹâ˺ƽԭһɷߵĸǡ
ǿµĹâƬռӣһĸоÿһӶдĸһսϿƾУʵƽԭѾ׵·硣
ϾݱȽƽԭĸֻ̫ˣֲǹؼ
ƽԭĵشһۡڣһ·棬һλİĬϣüͷŹâ֪ʲô
ϣ֣Щ˶񾳺ڸ֡
ͻȻ䣬һִ˽ٶȼ죬ֻͣѪϢǲȶƺǾһ޴ս
׻Ǻƽԭɵķ߿Ҫˣϣ˸Ͻɳ֧ԮҪȻֻкܶǳسױ̲ڸһ˵
޷赲𣿡Ĭü˵
ǵģֻܹһյʱ䡣ֹ˵
󣬰Ĭû˵˼֮Уþſ˵ȵ׼㣬ǿޱȣԶԶǺƽԭܹȵϵģ¾ɳٶĸҲ赲סΨһİ취ںƽԭɵڶߡ
һߣΪǴҴҶȥԵʣ˶ʧˣ׼㣬һܹصס
ĬĻסˣǴϵҲסˣû뵽ĬȻô⣬սͣ
׻ЩǺƽԭôǿ߶Ϊ˺ƽԭսʱôܹأҪ֪Ϊ˶ԿݵЩ飬ǺƽԭһЩֽдɱɱ˺ܶݸ֡
ǵǿҷŭǾȻǺƽԭʮǳصɱһգʱȻһŭ˵
ѵһҪָӲɣĬϱ˿ֲϢ
ۡ
һѪ嵹˳ȥ
ĬƳһ֣˵ҵѶȥִаɣҪظ
ִӵ¶һĨʧͻȻ䣬һҶϽְɣȾǺƽԭˡ
ҶʱĬɫѿޱȣ˫ȭգƺһ׼ֵĳ嶯
ֿƺ˺ܶ࣬ĬĬ뿪ȥ
񣬺ƽԭУڱչ״̬ʲô鶼ܣȨȫ˰ĬС
ЩҶСټľӢ飬һЩ˷ӰĬһЩ˸ͲӣȫĬһ£Ǹôô
Ȼһȥƽԭ˿ֻ֮УӵĻҡ


2294 խ
Դḻ۲ܹȵģǸֵǸֵΪˮƽ
ݸǿĹ£Ǳ塢򣬻ǺƽԭǽڽڰˣأֻĮȡ˽˵ս
ĮЩɮΪ˸ƽޣɳĮдɱ˵˭Ϊ˽ɳĮôЩɮˡ
ƬɳĮһһŶ߱ˡ
ʱҶСƺѾУȫĵͶУУܹ˵ıԣǲαװܹж
תۼ䣬ʮʱ䣬ʮ꣬սϣؼϵķ֪жǿⳡսУ˵Щ޴ʵµˡ
ʱ򣬱ԭС֮һҲһƽԭҲһ
ȻƽԭλڣǶԷĸʵ̫ˣҲӦ
λںϸʱľ壬ƾЩǵսݵĴﵽǿߵľ磬ֻôնɱԷһֵĸ֣ս˾Եá
ƽԭ̻Աȫռ죬һӶ桢ƽԭΧסֻϷˣƶںƽԭ˵Ϊ
ȻĬΪûƿزƽԭĸ֣ƺֹܲۡ
ƽԭһۡڣĬ԰У˿ƺЩƣҲ˺ܶࡣ
ȻƿƽԭȴսǺƽⳡսУķ̫
үϻڰĬĿСʱһ񾳺ĹܼңӰ׵۳ǵġ
Ҫ˵εˣ¾ܼˡ
ϻ壿ʲôĬü˵ǿ߽
ǣү߹˵
ûжúߴһƤ˽һͷɫο࣬аȣɢµϢΪѾ񾳺ڣֻҪٶһʱ䣬ܹͻƣΪ񾳺۷֡
ݼ׻˹˹֣ǵȻ˵
˵̬ȣĬе΢΢Ĳãȴû˵ʲôϾ˼֮ˣ£ûбҪôūһ
壬֪࣬ʲô飿Ĭƽ
һ仰Ѿ֮ľˣ֮˵ʼ壬йĽ档
׻Ļ۴˺͹Э̺ͨϻͺƽԭһϺãȻ壬곤档ȻЩŭϴЦ˵
ߣҶǷҶңҪǰʲô˵ɣҪȻ뿪ҺæĬһŭ
Ƿ֮ǰЭƽԭԿЩʮ䣬ȻѾƿ˺ƽԭôĳǳأȥò˶ãƽԭᱻƿء
Ǹʱ򣬿Ҫϻˣݺذ׻Ӧס˻˵ͬʱŰĬŰĬı仯
ߣḷ́Ǳ˵ǶԿʵռǺƽԭĵ̰ɣµʱ򣬽赲סˣǱһֱﲻԸ뿪ɣĬЦһ˵
㡭ôܹ˵ҪǺƽԭġɫǺ죬ŭ֮
֮˶̫óˮ̣ǵԸһֱֱڱĬһ仰˵֪ôбޱȣΪ۵ڶֱӶ֡
ߣǲģףȥۣ˵ĺˣǺƽԭ飬ͲͼˣԼ飬ԼῴŰ졣Ĭ˵
㡭Ҫƽԭ˴˷ŭ˵
ô˵ƽԭ˶ˣҲ飬ʲôϵҾ͵ûп㣬Ҳ˽㵱̽ץ뿪ˡĬ˵
뿪뿪˭ϡתߣ˼ͻȻͣ뵽ʲôһ㣬ת壬¶һ˿֮ɫò˵ͷҶ̫ԶˣأΪǻۣƽԭˣʧԶ㣬ֻһѳһɢˡ
˵꣬˿ûͣϽ뿪


2295 Ի
顪
ĬϿµϢһҪըƣǰһԲʯֱӱ˷ĩ
ղֵԺһνİһʼƲҶС磬ҶСǿʵѹҲܲ
ʹ¾ģöȻ뿪ͻƣ˺ܶʱ䣬һѲͻƳ˷ǿߡ
ͻƹʱ׼ҶСһû뵽ҶС羹Ȼʧˣ˭Ҳ֪ȥʲôط
ͻƳΪǿĴҶС粻Ķ֣ϧƽԭĸ̸ҶС磬зŭѡ
ƺǸѾΪеħϡ
ߣΪٸʲôãûнǿߵľ磬ΪǿߣʼնϣսѾô꣬㻹ûг֣˵ѾˡĬ
ɢĿϢʧˣ˻ָƽһŵľӡ
үЩֹļΪϬǸôѵǹռǺƽԭɱЩ֣ܼͻȻʵ
ݵܹԿģ˿ԴĶ٣ڶ˵ֻҪܹݵĸ赲֮Ͳˣλǿ߹ȻݣǸҪȻǸͲҽĬ΢΢һ̾˵
ܼû˵վš
Ϲܼң˵ʵǵֵסͶݣôͻȻ䣬Ĭ˵Ȼ˵ܼңĵ
үô뷨ʲôʱ£ȻһȨңڡϹܼҸϽ˵·°ĬͶһ㡣
үѵͷ̽ʵ
㣬ôĬѯʵ
үˣҵȻһֱүүʲô飬ΪƣΪ񡣡ܼûһ˿ԥ˵һʮĵӡ
úúãߴô꣬εľˣģҲġĬЦƺһӺ˺ܶࡣ
ϹܼһĨ⣬ȻָֻֻǵӣƺΪĬľеġ
ʱϻ壬һߴΡµڣƤĵذϣƺڵȴʲô
ûжúһĨɫâ
ʱһӰһӰǰƽԭȥĬ֣ŭģһΪ˵ӡ
ɣƺӰĵ˵Ĵ˳ȥ
ǣۡޱȹ˵
˽ʵʵվţ˿ŭҲʧˡ
ǲûдӦ۽ĿͶʵ
һ㶣Ȼɻʵ۴ˣô֪ģ
ǺǣϾϻͺƽԭôںƽԭһЩֵԸһ˽ıȽģĬȻҰģȨļأϧխû֮ѳɴƽԭ쵼ذܡۻ˵
Ȼ۴˶֪һʧܣΪλҪȥװַǳƵ˵
ǺǣҲǱһ˿ϣԿû뵽һ仯ûУΪͻƵ˷ǿߵľ磬̬ϻᷢ仯ϧȻĿǳ΢΢һ̾˵
ǸĬֱ̫ˣһ⡣Ҫ˵д⣬ռ˺ƽԭһ١ַǳŭ˵ƺһ뵽ͰĬԻʱͲһ
λȽ̫Զˣϧ֪ȥʲôطҪȻսЩֳһ˵
۴ˣӦô죿˵ģƽԭռĻͻֵˣƶˣµʱǻԴʵ
ӦòµģҲƽԭᣬʲôҪ飬ȻƽԭǺǿ󣬲ҪռƽԭҪһʱ䡣
οǺƽԭռˣҲûΪʧһ㣬ͺƽԭΪȷѡ񣬿ϧǷҶٴ̾һ˵
ȻҶСֻһ棬һνҶСΪ̸ֹܶθڣݹطܹҶСһͬȥսоЩź
ٺ١ǸҶȷʵǿˬ죬һ㶼ЩαĺܡֺһЦ˵
֪ͨȥиֽҴڵЩϼ֮úѵһóġ˵
ǣ۴ˡ


2296 ɾͷǿ
ֹʮ꣬ЩĹ£ѾϽصĽ׶Σÿ춼кܶսʧһս⣬һĨ
ڴսУкܶҲкܶͻƣΪһ㣬սкôҲлôܹúܶ˵Ϊܹһ˵̫ˣĵԴҲ̫ˡ
򽫽һĵѾռˣҺסˣǲ֪ܹ֧Ŷꡣ
ƽԭҲһȫ˹״̬һսⶼûУƺ˶ʧһ㡣
ΪһϣǣһЩȻڼţĬƺѾһ㣬ƽԭָӵ˲ˡ
˵ںƽԭѾ˽ҪֱĹؼʱˡ
ڳ˻ΧһЩǳ⣬ط϶ĸռˣѾΪΣʱ
ʱ򣬺ֶܶ˰Ĭ˵ŸָĻȻĬҲԴͷ۲ѣܹܲЩȫնɱ
һΡɽϣһӰվŶϤĹâƺûʲôܹӳĲ鿴
ΡɽһǳأһƬƬɽӣһɢ
ÿ˶вͬĹ˿ߣ˴˽֯غϡ
飬쳾ױ䣬ɺ쳾ĴȾУЩеѾˣҲԼˣѾūۣҪƿ飬Ǳı䡣
˵Ȼ˴ศɣûٽǵҲǹ򡣡
䣬˵޳ֻ˵ִУӰȻһг
˵ΪˣҲԼıģԼԼģҲûź
һӰһϢ˿˷ԲǧڵЩ֮ı仯
һɹɷ籩ʹγɣȫΡɽӿͬʱӰڡ
¡
ʱضˣƺĳֶһ㣬ʧ磬˶оˣսսЩ˶ȻͣƺһεһС
ΡɽϣΧĿռ䶼γһ޴УΪȻһӰīĳ裬ɫɳ죬˸һĸоƺе顣
ʱӰΧʧˣػָƽ˫Ŀǻ۵Ĺâ
һӰ˺ܾҶС磬⼸ʮɫɫ뵽У̫̫Ķôĸڽ֮ͨ͸֪˱˴˼ϵΪˮɣ˷ǿߵľ硣
ԭˣʮΪ֮ƬУҲֻܹʮΪǿߣҺܶǿ߶һߴǿߴѰЩ־Ϊˡ
ǲ÷ǿ߽սǺɾ޴ѣ߱Ϊ˷ֹǿӻǸ˵ľ磬ʱп˽뵽Ǹ磬ֻʮλǿȫۼл뵽Ǹ˵еľСҶС
뵽˷ǿߵľ磬ܶණͨ͸ˣҲδһ֣֪ߴǿһеĿġ
ǻǴȻֱӶԹģγԼϺ꣬һҲǳɾʹ˵Ǹ֮һѵҪͳһ𣿡ҶС¶һĨɻ
˵ڸƶܲʱȥƽԭˡ
ϣһʧˣ·һ㣬û˿Ŀռ䲨ƺȫС
ݶϲһƬɽ֮ϣߵӰͻȻ֣ߴǿߣǾۼڴΪһжȻΪ˿ͺƽԭս
ǶѣƽԭͶĵλޱҪܹһռݵĻսչļΪ
ղһ¡֮Ƕ˰ɣعƺֶһЩĶۿ˿ʵ
Ȼ䰡Ҳ֪عΪλͻȻ仯ѵεսֻᷢı仯ɣǵü˵
ó˺ܶϸ΢Ķƺĳ仯
ǵۣ㿴ʲôĵѯʵ
ڤڤǸоεսйأǾĽεսɣҪȻ»ʲô仯ǵһ˵
սܹ˵ͽȻǿᣬҪΧͳһҪѴʱ䣬ǹеͳһȻһĻͻúܶࡣմ˵


2297 Ͷ
ǲһǸôأҾûǸԴԵģ֪ĮһӲͷҲܹôˮɣħ۶մ˵
⻰մ۵ɫΪÿ
ⳡսɫģռ˺ܶĵ̣дԴֻԱƵĲС
ĮޱߣЩֽȥУһȺ˴һ㣬ǸոյĳޣϾûˣ뿪ֳ˸֡
ǷֿйϧֱֿĿɮնɱЩɮƻޱȣǵĸһԷͳˣʮˣǶץסԷټ
ˣǺķ˴Դи֣ս໥Ƚ̫Զˡ
մۣҲûԼԼİɣҪȻֳìܡۺٺһЦ˵
ǿ߶ڷ׷׸ͣѾմΪʲôĽˡ
˶׷׷ԣմһΣһЩ־͸뿪ˣ׷ǰԼսĵطִ
ֻʣۺˣվ߸ߵɽϣ͸ƲԶĺƽԭƺһȫƽԭеĸо
ƽԭһѾˣ¾뽫ƽԭȫռӲԶˣһƽԭôְɣͻȻ˵
黮֣һ࣬ƽֳɣĪռɣ˵
ĪĪǶĽˣ㻹Ųңô˵Ȼݵģʲôսһǹ߷ջ࣬˵ԲԣϴЦʵ
޳ɣɳĸһ࣬Ͳ˭͵顣ۿΪǿӲ
Ҫˣ˵˴ͣúƽԭ̵ʱ䱻£㲻Ƕͣٴʵ
ߣۣҲò˵㣬սɻı˽жڹƽԭһҵһ鷳˭أʲô飬ǻǺúһ°ɣúƽԭʱڱ£ôǻƽɣϾһ塣۴Ȼ˵
ߣʲôƻֻҪҲɿڣеĹͶҪһݣ
ײ
ô˵Ͳˣи׼ͶңѵҪһ벻ɣЦһ˵
Ȼ㣬ӦõģֻҪ¡ģǾƽɣۻϲɿڣΨԼܵ𺦡
̸һ˶ûлǾվţһͷ羰ӣܵһУƺڵȴʲôʱԶʱչ鿴
һʱʱ䣬۵üͷչ˿¶˵Ц⣬ƺʲôֵø˵һ㡣
˭ͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ǰһƬա
԰꣬һˡ۵һЦ˵һһо֮еӡ
ɻʱһӰͻأǰһӰĿ΢΢һƽԭİĬ
ʲôʵ
ûǺƽԭİĬ׵۳ǵĳ
ĬۡĬ۹˹֣ԹӶмΪĲˬ
ڴս֪ʲôĪһսɣǵң㡣˵ϿֲޱȵƱ˳ǾκˣƺҪĬûС
ûеȰĬ۾͹ϳˣһⱬγһƬĻΪĬ赲۵ơ
ȻĬҲǷǿߣ϶ܹ赲ס۵ƣ۳֣һ̬ȣάĬ̬ȡ
Ҫ嶯Ǵġ۵һЦ˵ȻĿͶ˰Ĭ׻֪ûУ
ѾˣҪƽԭȫ۵ĻǲҪ£һЩ֣ϣܹһЩôҪȻҲԽ˵Ĭž˵
Ӧõģ˺ܶҩҺһЩع;мĺôԸǣһҪ졣һӣһöָ˰Ĭ
Ĭ˹ȥԼָϣȻ鿴һ£¶һĨϲ֮ɫ̾һǿһὫ¾ã͵Űɣˡ
˵ţĬȥ
ۣǣĬ뿪֮۲ʵ
⻹ĬѾͶңԺĸˣ۴ЦԵüΪˡ
ջ޴󰡣Ծ콫ƽԭУֻһǿߣĲһЩԴЩԴ˵ԶԶûһǿĻ㡣
㻹˰˵
Ц˵


2298 в
ƽԭһߴĸۡڣʮ񾳺ڸڴڣһɫۡӵİĬϡ
˶ĿͶ˰ĬЩɻƺѯʵ˼
Ĭһܣ˵ôҾۼһһҪ˵һ¡
ĸѾǺƽԭΧסֻʣ˻Ĳ֣ĳǳضѾռ죬ٶȣ³Ų˶꣬Ǻƽԭͻᱻռ죬Ǹʱ򣬿λһΪ˼ҵķ²Ǳնɱ
ǵˣǺƽԭݣ̫Զˣûܹսʤϣ֪ϣϣԼΪ˼ҵķ²Ĭʵ
Ȼϣ˭ϣΪ˷²ǾΪΪ⣬ԷǸûѡءи˵
׻ʲôƻֱ˵ɣҶǴˣòŹĨǡһɫܵ˵
ޱ飬ƺһʮֵȻӡ
ǰۼңǺƽԭĸƽԭóȥȻһжǰװģǸǺܶԴЩԴôҵΪһ㡣Ĭ˵һͷָƮһޱȾع
ǷǿǿдӸڳȡع;ȻγɵģЩǶзǳõáЩĶ⣬λȨ֪λʲô뷨
ȻҪȥͶɣҰ첻ʧʧܣȥͶųΪһֿΪᶨ
׻֪۸ٺô㵱һΪƽԭĻ쵼սҲͰˣɢģ㻹޳ܰΪԼ澹Ȼƽԭɫ۵ĸ˵Ƿŭ
Ϊʲôˣ㲻һСС񾳺ڸְˣȻͰ׻˵ǻòͷˣһȻվɫʵ
һά׻ӡ
ߣ䵱ƽԭĻѾ˹ؼʱ򣬺ƽԭܶĸֶڵֵЩֵĹѾܹǿĵֵסˣȴȰ˵ôͶ۵һʲôɫ۵ĸּ˵
ʱĬҲŭˣǷǿߣܺãҲܲס
ÿ˵Ͷȶ޵ġ
һɿµƱ˳һӿ˹ȥ
ۡ
ɫ۸һӵ˳ȥݺݵײ˴ǽϣһѪ
Ĭûʸ񵱺ƽԭĻնɱңһҪ˵ҺƽԭԲͶսס¸ִһ˵
˶һӣǵȻҲͶϾٴҲǣǵĸںƽԭ
תһ룬ǲͶҪܣǸʱ򣬲ǵˡ
˭ԸͶĻھͿԽЩԴָλȻҪְĬûпһ˵ĻˣĿһɨ˵
Ը
ҲԸ⡣

˷׷Ӧ׼ʱаûб̬ɫ仹Щԥ
飬˭ǳԥЩԺƽԭǳҵˡ
öܹһѡҪȻǵĵˣڵˣһ򲻻˼Ĭ˵
˼Ѿǳȷˣ׼˼ڿʼѾˣЩѡ˾͵ǺƽԭˣһǵжԹϵˡ
ڵˣֻܹնɱ
˿̣ǲͬĻȴǵľֻбնɱˡ
ǰУһεĿ˵Ը
仰˵·ʧȥһ㣬˶޾ɵģĬԵʮָˣɷ˵Խ˽ͱʾԽ࣬۾ͶԽǿء
֪֮У˭׼룿Ĭٴοʵ
ʣµȻûһ˻شǼ㿴ңҿ㣬һƬӡ
ֽǸ֪Ȥļһնɱ˰ɣղĬ˵Ҫ
ַǳʶȤ֪Ĭܽʣµȫնɱ׼ɱӺЩ˸о£á
ĬһѪĻ¸֣ĬĬĵ˵ͷͬ
ĬͳһִվһһŻ¸ȥÿһϵϢͻһ֣·
ƾҲնɱңļһ¸ֱӵһİȻ벻м


2299 ҶС
һģһһɭȻ
ߵ˻¸ǰ̧ţµڽۣ漴£ն·Ҫһ㣬һƶ
¸ϱǿĹâ׼ϧһɿµϳ֣ϵĹâ·ǻ˱ˮһ㣬ȫ˻ȥ
ĬгˣȻ׼նɱ¸֣ȻҪû¸ֺ޷ģӲܹʾϣľġ
ۿ־ҪһŲл¸ֵԴʱͻȻ䣬һޱȵƴн٣˶
µ£һҲ̧ܶĽţȻ̧գƺʱ䶨סһ㣬ǿ־֮ɫҲһֳۣ˿˭ĵĻ¸ûгʲô顣
ղ˾׼ֹϧĬƽ֣εĿֲѹǸͲҶ
˭˭Ĭ¶һĨš
ѾͻƵ˷ǿߵľ磬˵Ŀ£Ȼо˿־壬һУƺϵƸΪ¡
׻ԽԽгϢˣںƽԭ꣬û뵽ȻΪ۵һջ׼ƽԭҲְ̫˰ɣ
Уһݶ£漴һӰһӰɫɳۣڷԺһ㣬ɢʥׯϵƣһ׺
ݼٳûб̬ĸ֣һӰʱ۾ʪˣĵİݹƺίҪߡ
ûӰǴҴҸϻҶС磬һ·ϵѾƽԭ״һЩֵĿУ֪˰ĬһЩΪмΪߣǴҴ
ղű̬ˣƺоҶСĿֲҲϽݣĽһ
˵Ŀ־塣
һĻĬ߲ѣղ̬ˣתۼ䣬ͶҶСݣбΪŭ
Ҷʲôʸ˵ң޳ںƽԭչĺܰοΪĳֲŸıһУ㲻һ˶ѣʲôʸպƽԭƽԭҵģҰĬģҰĬעպƽԭĬɫҶС˵
Ѿ޿ɾҩˣ֪ҰģȨҲأʱҲûնɱ㣬Ǹһλᣬû뵽㾹Ȼ˲ϧƽԭսҵԨУΪƽԭĻһθжûУҪʲôãӽ쿪ʼͲǺƽԭĻˣһǿߵݡҶС˵
ҶΪ˭ҳΪǿģȻҲĶ֣Ҫܣû⣬㾹ȻҪҷǿߵݣ롣ĬЦһ
𣿡ҶС˵⻮һƹĲɢĬ
ƺܵ˾޴вĬϷǿߵȫ˳ɫâƣͬǰݡ
ơ
ĬȻӳһƬɫâƿռ䣬ҡҡ׹ҪҶСڣ
ҪߣܹסĬſ˵һ׼Խռ뿪
޾ҶС绺˵ĸ֣ӡһööɫĽƬռƬռƺıһ㣬޴
ȻĬٶȼ죬ͬ⣬ƾôŬ벻
ô£ô£ôû뿪Ĭֵ˵жһɺ⣬Щղű̬Ͷĸǣгһֺڡ
û뵽ҶСʵȻǿ󣬾ǰĬͻƵ˷ǿߵľ磬ȻҲԶԶҶСĶ֡
Ĺ򲢲ǺǿռҽƬռޣôжܳĹ㹻ƬռҶС絭˵
ɶ񣬿ɶҲҲǷǿߡĬһȭͷգɫâ֣۳һ޴ȭͷȻݺݳ
¡
ƬռݺݵȻƲƬռ䡣
䡪
ĬӶĻӶȭͷϧƾóа취Ȼܹơ
ƬռѾҶСı䣬ʵơ
ڣĬͣҲ֪ԼƬռ䣬ǷŭҶСʵ㾿ô
ҸղѾ˵ˣһǿߵݣͲ䡣ҶС˵
𣿡ĬЦиͲҶСܹǿߵݰᣬȻǽնɱ
Ҫնɱңѵ㲻֪Ƿǿһ𣿡
㺦ˣֻǶڷǿߺֶԣǶڷǿߺͷǿûԼҶС绺˵


2300 ۽
ģҲնɱģնɱ㣬ʵ̫ˣһõ䵽
ҶСĻɭɭµʱ˫лһɫᣬתۼγ첲ϸĲɫ
ݡ
ɫһ㣬Խռ䣬һӲס˰Ĭ֫ɫһ˾ۼһ
㡭ҪʲôĬϽɫâҫҪɫȻΧĿռ䲻ϵ¡¡죬ǸѲ·ɫΧĿռȫΪһ塣
ҸղѾ˵ˣҪǿߵݡҶСĻ䵭ޱȡ
ȥ˶ƬռеһͨĬɫգ漴ͷһɫ
ʲôʲôſҡĬһľ֮ɫоԼΪ½ʧȥ˲ھع
˶ܹһƽɫâе˿ߣɫ˳Ȼ˳һͷȻ
һĻÿжһɺ⣬ֶ̫ˣȻߺòľĹ˳
ĬѷĺţǽΪʹļ尾ҿҶСʱѾˣҪȻֲҽܹ˺
ǶǱƵģĬǺƽԭĻΪǲҲĻղЩĬ̬ǣ׷׹ڵģһɫҶС罫һΪ
ԼΪһı룬ɱǻҪܡ
ߣҪͰݹ򣬸ȻǶ֪ˣôһսǾȥͷɫĻҲŹǣǽҶСĿһɨ˵
лллЩָϽ˵
ˣȥһعϢȥɣҵľӢԱȫٻֻҪһعġҶС绺˵
ǡ
Щֹ˵Ȼ׷뿪ִҶС
뿪ҶС罫ĿͶ˻¸Ѿ̱˵ϵߣ¶⡣
԰ĬİȻˣҴͬĳͷ
˵ţҶСһ죬һ·ְ漴âӿһɹɾڱ˳ȥȻ۳һ
ΪϵˣֱΪ䵽񾳣ҶСͣ
ʱѾǰ׷Բԣ󽵵ͣѾǼˣҶСٳȡҪˡ
ɣҶС絭˵һӼ䣬ֱ㱻ҶСƳǳء
Ժƽԭģϣ˶ܹ룬͹˰ɣò˶ãͻͻƵ񾳺۷塣ҶС翴Ż¸˵Ȼ󽫴ڳȥ˻¸ڡ
¸һм֮ɫϽЩ
һ۲ҽвֹĬҶСһѾǳϿա
˫Ŀһɨǳصһж֮С
Ϊãۡ
ҶС˫һɢԲǧ֮ڵ
䡪
ƺˣһɹһ㣬Զ˹С
ľ£ҶС˫ɢСǣγһɫʯ̨
ʯ̨ʵûʲôֱƽ̨ܿ˹ӵ·
ɫʯ̨γɵ˲䣬һɫʯ״ʯ̨֮ϣһ̵ֱ·һǳǰһĵط
Ƭ̺һſ·ϵĽɫʯ׿ڳ֣һҹſϣǷд֣۽
ɷ裬̺ǿع
ҶСƮȻ£վнɫʯ̨ϣ˫ٴλӶ޴Ľɫӳʯ׿ڣÿһϵŹӵ·Ͼ£
ɫϸдһ֣Ӣܣʢ۰򽫲ţǬ
ϷƯ޴֣۽̨
һ¥һľ۽̨Ȼڶ̶̲֮ھͳˣ¾Զٹ˶ֺܹľ۽̨
۽̨֮ҶСɫ˼֣˺ܶҲķ˺ܶľ񣬲һжֵõģҪƽԭľĸټ
ʮսƽԭֽڽڰˣúֶܶûģսʱʵȻҪƺҲΪҪ
ҶСҪľǽƽԭֵȫһ
۽̨γɵ˲䣬ǳе˶ˣܶ˶ڴһϢһЩ˶ȥ
ⲻô͹۳ľ۽̨һһὨһʵƵľ۽̨ҶС


2301 ۽̨Ͼ۽
һգƽԭҶعϢƽԭֶܶطĸҲ֪֡
ħϢʱ¶ֻЦݣǿ߲֪ҶСʵ֪ģҶСʧô꣬ȻȥͻˣڹѾͻˡ
ҶСûͻƵʱһΪѾܹͷǿ߿ˣ˵ˡ
ħۿԤϣƽԭԻбʷ
ƽԭع飬ҽ۽̨飬ַܶ׷׸ȥ˻ĵشҶСڵǳء
ƺҶСĻع˴˺ܶϣԭһĶ־ɢһֻ
գֻһŰڳ˾۽̨зɳ۶
þ۽̨ҶС·УʱĬһΪѾӷǿߵľ䵽񾳳ڣһ˼Ĺ;γɡ
Ǻö˭ܹŶ˵ͻ񾳺۷ľ磬񾳺۷ĸ󣬱Ϊǿߵľ롣
ϾΪǿʼǲɿģΨпԼ
ҶŹңŹңԺԶ㡣Ĭ¶֮ɫڸо˺¡
ԼΪһһʧɱҪܡ
Ѿ̫ˣҶԴͽֶξǻ̵ܲġҶС˵
ϣĿͶн˵ľ۽̨
ʱ۽̨Ѿվʮ֣ʮУ񾳺ڵľа۷֡
֮⣬кܶϵǣе˸ոһʯפͣһʱ䣬ƺĳֻþУתۼֱ˵һʯϡ
ܶ˶ô£Ϊеܹϣе˲ܹϡ
۽̨˶ܹϣֻжԹ־ᶨ˲ܹϡҶСƬؼ
ҶСĻЩֲ˹
˰ʱ۽̨Ѿʮ֣ʮУӡӡ㹫ˮţѡν뾫Ӣĺܶˡ
ԴӰĬƿƽԭսʼЩ˾ͺʧһ㣬ǰĬûҵǵټ
̨£ҶС绹ϤӰ̳˶Ͼ۽̨ϧڹǺܾûеϡ
ʱȥһ죬۽̨Ѿվ˶ٶˣ񾳺ڵľһʮ۷塣
ʱ򣬰ĬһΪѾ뵽񾵳ڣѾҶСͷˣһֻһ㣬˾۽̨ϣܶ˶ŰĬָָ㣬벻һǿ߾Ȼӡ
ҲܹгҶСĿֲ
ҶСӰգϼɣ˿ߴޱȣһ㣬Ǻƴǳء
۽̨Ͼ򽫣ܹϾ۽̨ѾһϸĽˣǰ飬Ҳ׷ӽ쿪ʼǺƽԭ˴󷴿ʱˣҪʧȥĳǳأնɱЩɱͬĸ֣Щ˸ϳƽԭ׳Һƽԭϡ
ҶСһúܶѪȣվ˾۽̨ϵĸ֣Ƕ·оԼΪ˺ܶࡣ
ݵĴǲսʤģ⼸ʮ֮ԻܣһΪûЭΪͽǰ׻ĬڴҶɱеʱ򣬾ȻȥͶ˸ͲΪǿߣ˵˸òҶСʵ
ܶ˶дƺҪеŭȫ
ȻˣͽҴˡҶС绺˵Ȼ󽫰ĬӾ۽̨ȥ
һʱ䣬ַܶ׷ŰĬ֣еץеҧޱĲҽ
һӣİ׻ĬѾĩѾȫʧ硣
ڽ
ҶС
ڡ
۽̨ϣиͬȵ޾ֱƺ˺ܶǳصĴƣƽԭ˶ܵһĻ
ԶͨƽԭɽϵۺɫޱأȻܵ˺ƽԭɱ䡣
Ҷû뵽ƽԭȻôµ˵
һ󱲶ѣжǿƺЩм
Ըɣһ̾˵
ݡ
ͻȻ䣬һ֣֣һöС
нɫâ飬һӰ֣һӰĶ˵ۣĬƽԭȫ͹Ϊ䵽񾳳ڣȻնɱںƽԭڽз⽫ʽ
仰˵꣬ǵӰʧˡ
ܣһôֶΣȻܹǿĹ룿һŵӣͬʱҲһ
ʱǼʶҶСʵ
ѵһ콾һԤУԻΪǵĴУ˵ǵڶۡɫص˵
۶ǿɱˣο˵
˺û˵˼ŹڷҶ顣


2302 
۽̨ϣÿһƳȼȵս⣬˵ĿͶҶСϡ
ջ
ڡվ˳ƺҲǰִӰ죬ѪҺڣһɫâƣһ㣬һָ߹ʥĸо
⻨ΪƽԭϡҶСƽĿŻ˵
лԴ֮ɫĴӦ
һסҶСһӣһҫ߲ϼ׳֣ȫ
˿ʮ㣬һֽüĸоһ׺¶ϲɫ
׵۳ǳѪǳ̻ǳǰڻ׼ҶС˵лʱҶС
ڡڵͬʱ˳
ǻйûиĬͬΪƽԭټֵȨ
лͬ˵
סҶСгףɳһӽ˰У׽Ϊɫԡڽɫâһ㣬ݣƲɵ
ҶСһһٶ󽫣ÿһƿһǳأҶټѵֵȨȻй涨ġ
ҶСǺɫףЩɫϣżΪ׶ͼܶطе̣͸һѪȵĸо
һҶСɫףɫ׵˶Ǵƽԭĸ֡
˵ʹͽҶСĿһɨ˵Ƕܵ׵ĺôЩ׳ӷ͹⣬ܹսɱնɱֵľŵ㣬ϣǺúϧס
лл۽̨ϣнͬ˵жɢŷĵĸмرҶСܵ׵һܣĶѡ
뼤ǵףһὫǵ񴫴ǡҶС紫ûֱӴԷĸˡ
ˡ
ҶС˶ԼףҲǽ׳ΪԼģһѪĸо
޾˲ӿ۽̨϶ֳһֽɫԡڽɫâУ·һ񽫡
ЩҽЩǳеֻҪڳǳУףǷǿߵĹǶ£Ҫնɱǣǽǳػ𣬲ԼǾԲ
֮⣬лҪسǳ󷨵Ϣ֮⣬Ǳǵڶճǳ󷨵ˣҴÿ˶׽սףǿ齨Լĸֶ飬ôǶ齨һ֣ھжʱˡҶС紫
ϣһӣһööָǰǶָиϽָеĶʱһ¶˷֮ɫ
ж
ҶСͻȻһ
ݡ
һӰԶ˾۽̨лһߣʧƬء
ʱ۽̨ϣʮɫ׵ĽǶĿͶҶСȴҶС
ǵɨƿЩǳغǱɨһǺƽԭĸ֡ҶС˵
ǣ
ǽӵҲ׷ȥ
һҶСӰʧ·ۡĴڡ
ʱǳڣ˶һֳȵĿ⿴ž۽̨ղŽҶС͵һ̼䣬ÿһλ˾۽̨ĸֶݣ緢ƺͶϵϡ
ƺǺƽԭӢľۼأҲֻҪܹϾ۽̨Ǹ֣Ǻƽԭϣ
ܶ˶̵Լĺ󱲣ŬȡһҲܹϾ۽̨
ҶСЩ˾۽ֵ̨飬ѾƽԭϢǷһ㣬洫ݶȥ
ò˶ãʧ˶֪¡
ƽԭԵۺ۵ɫѿǶռǳػ
ܶƽԭ˿ʼЩռ˳ǳصˣƺҶСĳָ޵ϣµĶһ㡣
ۣ˿ޱȣѪѹȻ赲Щֵļ顣
һûõĶС¶ˡ
ۣҪ취ˣǸѾʼжˣҲ֪ǵļƻʲôǲò
˼һ󣬻˵֪ͨȥһǰƽԭʲô飬ǰȥ֧Ԯ
ǣ۴ˡдһ˵䣬ƺһӰʧ
Ҳôһ
ǶҶС˵ǰδеӡ


2303 
ĵشҶСڵۡڣˮšա̳Ůڴڣƺڵȴʲô
ͻȻ䣬һӰڣһӰҶС磬˵۾ƺڴҶСĵһ㡣
Ҷˮһ¶˷֮ɫдһĨ΢΢ԹƺڹҶСôʱʧ٣
˹ȥһ˵ҶС绳Уһ˼ɶûУһֻһҶСϡ
ôʱ㶼֣ǻΪˡˮЩ΢΢˵
Ҫͷ֪ʱ䣬Ҳ֪飬ҪȻƽԭ£綼ˡҶС簲οˮ˵
֪Ҳ㣬еˮŹԹԵ˵ʱͲһĸ֣һΪСŮ
ⲻѾɣǶڿأҶС˵
ҶСĻˮŷӦ˹ﲢһˣˣʱ䣬ϷɳһĨΣ߲ѣɿ뿪ҶСĻһϡ
ŮĿͶҶС磬˵
ʱаҶС罫ĿͶ˻գһĨ̡
֪ڹҲƽԭ飬ҲеĻ»ƽԭңֲǲ֪ĬΪˣȨ̫ˣݲ˲СտɬһЦ˵
ԿʱͲָܹһ£ҶСٴʵ
ָӣƽԭУһĸֶİţУĬռһ룬Ұŵֻôһˣ˶ãο֪뿪ʱѾص鰲źˣҪȻҲôĵ뿪¶һĨƻ֮ɫ
㻹ƵһɶûɴѣҾԲ㣬ٻ㵱ϰҶСЦ˵
㲻ôݰɣ¶һ˵
Ҽ̻ǵ˶ЩΪ˶Ըˣ䣬˷ʤ־ᶨԲעͻ˵ҶСѾΪ˷ǿߣ飬һӱ㿴˱ʣЩԣá
˵أмҪȥ죬ҪһЩĲϣϣܹѼһ£Ҳûʲô¡ҶС翴Żտ˵
ʲôϣպʵ
㿴֪ˡҶСЦЦһߵ˻ǰһָüģһҶСָ뵽ͥС
ӵʱ䣬ҶСջָЦеĿŻա
һ󣬻˫ĿһޱԹĿҶС磬⻹ɱңҪʲôȻҪôϡ
Ҫһߴǿ߶ԼȡȵȣЩǻ˴ĲƶɵġҶС绺˵
һ¶ˡտҶСʵ
ȻѼЩȷʵЩѣֲһˣȥѼѾǺƽԭĳˣ£һЩ֣ҶСЦ˵
ҿ۾һգգĶóôףһкܶĲϰɣ۰Ͱ͵ĿҶС硣
ð㾹ȻϣϧѾûˣЩ׺ķ˴ʱ䣬ϡϡҶС̾һ˵
˺ܶĲϣϧѾĵɱˣҿڼ䣬Щʦ̰˲٣ҪȻܶϣûа취Ѽ
ðɣҾ°áε˵
Ǿ죬һҶС˵ȻĿͶְ̳ɣ
ǣ
̸һ䣬̻˾뿪ˣȥ˻ģһǳڣǳҲҶС罨ľ޳ǡ
츳ܺãԺҪúʧѾ̫ƽˣûоߵΪȥܹԼҶС翴ˮ˵
֪ˣҶ׼ȥ𣿡ˮŴӦҶС׼ߣ㿪ʵ
һ׼뿪ںƽԭҶСͷ˵
ҲȥҰɣˮһ֮ɫ˵
˳ȥҪսߣܲȫ㻹ɣʲôʱͻƵ񾳺ڣʲôʱٴȥú
ҶСЦЦйâӶ˼öģһͨۡңȻˮŹУŬ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱܹͻưˮЩյ룬̾һ󣬱


2304 п
ƽԭܶطѾռˣƽԭȻܲзر֪Ҷعˣ˾۽̨Щ˸ǷӾҡ
ҶСз꣬ҰЩʿһ׷ж
ôֶܶûͶĬʧˣʧʱǲûţѰ˸ָСӡ
ҶС뿪ʱ򣬰Ÿǵ
ҶСûлع֮ǰȫݷڻعˣչ¶Լ׼ŵ˺ҧȥ
ƽԭһǳڣɫףУܶԷϼӿǳصĽԱǱԼϢС
ǳУǳڵ󷨣ɲǼ䣬ǳػ˻Σÿһ϶·Щ·ǽһֱӵ·ϡ
ӿǳأǳط·ǻһ㣬޾â𣬽ǳȫС
Уÿһ϶ɢγ˸ַϵϵ
ô
󷨣󷨣ǳص󷨿ˣ뿪ǳء
ǳУǹȫĺһӴܡ
ϧŴİΧǸͲܹȥȫǳΧһĻ赲
ˣû뵽ƽԭֶΡ
ǲҾͲ󷨻ܹǣҪĨɱǳеˡ
ݵĺܶ߶ЩǸܵв
ɱ󣬿
ӵǳ쳹ʱ䣬޾·תһɱ¾֮⣬ӵĿ֮£նɱЩݵĸǡ

ͶͶ
Ҳ
ҽѪ䣬ÿһâͬʱڵ㣬սпս
Щߣǧ꣬ⳡսУһжɿˣʧȥʱʲô֮ģʲôȨ֮ģЩ֮Ѿɢûٻ
ǲܹô˾ۼǹֵͬ󷨵
㣬ҪȻ͵ɣ
һ񾳺ڸִһѪϢɷȫһ֪Ӧǳ쵼ˡ
񾳺ڸֵĺ£ֶܶۼͬʱֵЩµɱ¾֮⡣
ڵֵסˣڵֵסˡ
ֶܶһصʬѪǸо˿־壬ƺԼúҲҪΪеһԱȻ赲סɱ¾֮ʱ򣬲Ÿоá
ϧǲûи˶೤ʱ䣬ôһǳأҶСԲõ󷨣Ȼô
ӵĿ£ɹâͻأ֣ǳƺһƬУУЩŵǾȻ׷ɱɱ
ǻˣڻǿкƽԭĸڹǣȫ赲ⲻ֪Լˡ
ɱɱЩƽԭˣһѪ·
ɱ֡
ЩһˣϿµĹâһµĹ
ͻȻ䣬һ񾳺ڸִһ飬һ˹Լ˹ԼʱһѪһӿ
ۡ
һѪ˫Ŀͨ죬Ƿŭ
ɢɢɢնɱԼˡַĺҳսĶУ׼Щ໥ɱԼ˲𿪡
ϧжûЩֱֹͣӽìͷܶͬʱ
µĴսγɣںֵܶİΧУ󷨵Ӱ죬ֳ׵·硣
ꡪ
һĹâն˿ռ䣬һӽһ첲ˣѪһأòҡ
ˣˣû뵽ƽԭֶΣǳҲһɣ
ͷոγɣǺܶǿĹâϣһͬŵ̻һɢ˿׵ıѡ
鷢ǳںܶطݸַ׷ǳصĵѪ
ǳشӿܶ˶ˣһЩ˷ľ磬һЩˣαװԭˡ
Ϊ˲ʹԭסϵĽ󷨹رգֻʣһ
ǣɱ
ӵǳ˶ܶ־Ȼڵķ׼նɱӣϧǵΪעǰ׷
ǳ棬ѾѾõһ֧˽Щɺɫףһɷǽ˳Ǻ󣬿ݵĸ־նɱո
սûûǫãֻ


2305 ͵Ӯ
һɺɫս׵ĸ֣Ȼһ壬·ǳһɨһУһ˳ì͸һС
ǵÿ˶żΪĬһ֪ѵܶ꣬οǴҶСƵսףܹ϶ȡ
ɱɱݵߡ
һ·Ǻźһ㣬̼ǵѪҺǵĸйٱø
ʮһɺɫս׵ĸǷڵĸ֣˫۷Ź⣬˿һ㣬ͬʱ貵Ĺâȫںһһӳ˹ȥ
ء
Ƶıݵĸһӳ屬ѣѪ罦
ЩѪҺԡУɺɫս׷·ħһ㣬ȻЩѪҺޱȣɢĹâƺǻһ㡣
ǸоûУȡ
оˣƺǿͽڡ
Ѿ˵ˣǵսƵģձɱھãЩǱ᲻ġ
ԸܵսײСǸϬǲģնɱ˵ˡ
һ֧֧СǳŰһݵĸ֣Ȼͬ͵Ұһ㣬ȥնɱԷ
ƿǳ󷨵ӣȫ֣ȻЩСӷ
ǳݵЩ鲻ϼ٣һնɱ
ʱƽԭĴϣյǳش󷨣˳Ĺâ
ǳأЩɳĸ󷨣ҽ򿪣һǳУ¹âֱ
ΧһһǳƱƺ໥Ӧһ壬ƽԭ˶о仯һҪնɱЩɺ޵ߡ
ҶСվУһУ¶֮ɫ۵׻ŨŨĵǡ
ݴôȻ֪Щĵ̣ӵиֵ
սȻƽԭʤˣնɱ˺ܶݵĸ֣Ⲣܹ˺ǣ಻ʹһˡ
ҶСõ´ΣǵĽһңǺʵġ
ƽԭ⻶ʱЩȵĸȴɥ֮Ȯһ㣬ĴӴܣǱѣֶܶ׷űܶȥ
ݺͺƽԭ֮䣬بؼɽϣۺ˵ɫĿ¡
û뵽ǸƽԭȻôЩ½ĳǳоȻǿ󷨣γǳ໥һ޴ޱȵ󷨣Ƕκβ˰ЦһҲ֪Ƿ̣ǿ佱
Ҳ֪ʲôˣȻô̶̼ʮ䣬ȻƽԭӪ˿¡ƺûյţƽ˺ܶࡣ
ҵ˵ȳֵĵطߣնɱһļ̳ˣȻ⵽Ǹ׷ɱĸʱ𣬱ӽ˺ƽԭ˺ʧйĻⶼϣԤһŰ
ÿһܹٶˣδɳʱ򣬶ܹ׷ɱڱ׷ɱĹУԽԽǿճɹ˵ԺƬֻһ֣ͺӮһҲ֪ôǻ۸̾һ˵
ѾкܶûгˣһսĽЩʵ
۳ĬƬ̣Ȼ󻺻˵ʵԣҲ磬ҵĵ̣ڣҵĶ֡
۲һû뵽ʵȻôǿ󡣡
Ҳû뵽ǸΪó̵ˣʱڶǿУһֱûʲôǶԵˡбŷһĨ⡣
۵ˣ۱ϿſԵϸоȴһĵ׽͸һλһӮѩĸ֡۷
ûп˵Ҳ֪ʲô
ƽԭսȻڼƽԭϿҷƺһƬģ֮
ս̫ˣǺɱ񹦵ҶСоΪƺĲ֮ЩսʿҪսԸ
սΪ̵顣ҶС
ûͬ飬ֻĮλӦеĶôѾɳ˺ܶ࣬ȫˣ鶼˼Уûʱĳ嶯
һ˺ƽԭ·ЩӴܵˣ˵ı
СıֻΪǿ󣬲ʸһС
ףû뵽ǾȻͻȻ䣬ҶСƺʲôһ㣬¶һĨЦ⣬˲ʧԭء


2306 һ̨Ϸ
ǵ˶ʼˣһսǰˡ·սۻ˵
ûΪЩ˵ͬ飬ǲһֻϣ˵ģΪǿߣϡ
һʼķŭֻΪǸоӣ˶ѣҲ֪ЩΪЩۡƴƴ֪ĵ뷨󣬻ôĸ롣
һսʧܣܹʲô˵´ξҺƽԭʧˡͻȻ䣬һƬؼ
˭ۺͬ˵˫ĿϬޱȣжһ
ΪǿߣȻ˿˶֪Ƕķ̰
һӰֱ߳ӳǰһӰҶС硣
ɫɳۣɫ¹ӷҶǺƽԭЩʵ
Ǻǣ¹ӲѣЩǸƣλսǰմ֡ҶСЦЦ
һӣһϼлӶؼۣγһԲΣԲζô͹֯ɣɹƶҶСڷ档
λ룬綼˵λĴϧԵһڿɷҶˣҶСһƣͷβһӣһѧ壬ϵ׽Ϣ
治ȻǸǶûвۿһҶС˵
˶
һֶζѣλ˵ֱСơҶС絭һЦˮԼƵģʧ綼û־ˮ
ҶСÿ˵һСˮˮʱܰ磬ŵĻζƣһڣƺһλõĸо
ˮҶСһģһϵһΪϣкܶĲҩȻھۼУ꣬Ƴɹġ
ȻǺþưȻ̺ŵľˮǺȴһζ飬ܹƽ˶Ʒһں۾ʱһ̾
úúȣҿλһƿҶСЦ˵һͷϾͶƿˮ
˶ĬĬ
ҶȻôõĶдǣҲܹ̫ˡۿ˿ҶС磬ͬŮһ㾧ӨӶ䣬һ̰ڷϣзͬһСɹ
۶ܹƾɢ
ԪôõĶʧЩ𾪵Ŀۡ
ʱʱգһСռзֵģǸСռϸʱ˿ٳģԪú˻һڵԪع򶼻õǶкôϽ԰ɣҪȻ˷ˡۿЦ˵
ҶСϽŷȥúоڵ⣬ƺһֳȵĻһ㡣
Ȼʹܹ࣬оԪĹۡ
ӵʱ䡣

ҶС绺һһƺȵΧĿռ䶼
ʱ򣬷ħۻûд״̬ѹҶС翴лţֱˡ
һĻ۵ǳ˳飬һʮ۵ӡ
ٺ٣طԶԶûʲۺֻҪòŵĶҰɣҲ۵ġҶСٺһЦ˵ֱӱ¶˳
Ϊһˣû뵽Ǹǿ֮һëΰƵ˵
ҲǱƵģϼҴڵģװҶСһε˵
öǺöʱ˹һδ˵
ʱҶС۶ĿͶۣ˼Ѿȷˣƺ˵ǶѾó˺öҲ˰ɣ
Ƕ̫ʲôûУӼһɣ߿ࡣ
͵˰ɣ϶˲ٺöɣ۱һۡ
ðɣûʲôԵĶˮšһ۵˵ȻӴָóȭͷһСˮ
ҶС۶˹ȥͬʱ¶˲֮ɫ
ǲ鿴һ¾֪ˡ¶˸ĪЦ
ҶСųһ뵽ˮУʱһˮ̺ſֲľˮⰵֻԪУɵĻ֮
ǡˮ̺һĶٳɳһ簡һ֮ɫ˵
ȷʵˣһձըõģҪٳͬʱһ磬ѵʱ侫̫ˣ˭Ըأ˵


2307 ֪ҶС
ҶС۶һĬȻˮȻǺöʱ˭Ǹ;ȥһأ
һ˳ôǾ޴ģԼ൱Ǹ飬һܹ쵽Ϊع
ãڵʱ˵òϧ˵ȻˮҶСҲһ
óĶϣҶСܵĵ̣ʱ䣬ǻ˺ܶƸҶС޷ġ
ⳡսѾҪˣ֪´ǻɳٸ·ܶӴܵݸ֣ҶСʵ
϶ζ࣬βһ̽ԵĹѣû뵽ҶôǿӲȻһӾͽƽԭΣˡϴŵЦ˵
ⲻռʱѣ۸ֵǺƽԭĲ硣ҶСǫ飬ȻҲ˵ʵ
ĬѾ˰ɣ۶ҶСʵ
ͽһ򲻻Ĵû뵽ۺֶΣȻܹҺƽԭĻ£ȥ̫˼ˡҶС羪ȵ˵
ⲢҵֶκãصȨģ˵Ϊ޵˱㣬ѾǷǿˣҲܵԺܲնɱǿ߾ͲҪնɱˣϾһǿ߳ɳΪĲסһԼȻҶС˵
ҶСҡҡͷ飬ģ˼ʲôңȻᶯ֣֪ǶҪϽʮǿߴռǱˣδǱ仯ģ˭Ҳұ֤ķչͬǸܵ
Ƕ֪˭ܹ赲ס봫˵Ǹջʹ㲻룬ѾȵĲò롣˵
֪ġǲģҲ뿴Ǹ絽һʲôľ硣ҶС¶һĨڴ֮ɫ
ˣ֪ҶҶ飬ֻǵȳֵĵطݱ֮ǰ飬һãǸоܺ档۶ҶСʵĿϬƺҶСֻҪһ˵ѣܹһ㡣
ˣұˡҶСЦЦ
ҶһȤˡͻȻЦһ˵
ۡۡҶС̸·Ƕδĺһ㣬Ϳĵ⡣
һĻ·սЩ˿˲֪ʲôĸ롣
սѾϽˣһ̯ӵҪæˣλ̸÷Ҷǳ̸һҶС˵
ǺãҾͲˣһսʱǼҶҪСˣһɳΪǿĶЦ˵
ģһ׼׵ġҶС繰˹֣Ȼ뿪ˡ
ҶС뿪ۺȻţ˶Ĭþã۲Ÿ̾һ˵һ
Ǳֳֺ̬ȣ˹Ŀ࿴ܹƽԭе˰
ҲôΪģ¾ȻôһˣԵˣ붼ԣ㿴ȻⶼûУȫһѵӣҪȻҲóôõĶЩ΢΢п˵
ˣۣʵΣ
ɲ⣬ºȶ˶١ɫص˵ʱǶûвⲢ˵ĹĳһйϵǶ£㿴Ϣ纣ƾ̽⣬κβ𾪰ʱĻһѡ
Ҳ԰ȻǵжԹϵǷǿֲԳ֣սѡ
лңôһΪǸ˵磬һȤ۴Ц
ۣղѯʲô˼ĪѾ³ɣۺʵ
ѵûв³𣿡۷ʡ
Ҳ̫ȷѡ
һʼʱҲ̫ȷ˺ȷϤϢһսиʧ磬µȥ·һĨɱġ¶˵Цݡ
ɳĺܿ찡ǵǸӵ˵·Щνĸ֣ʧƽ񶼲磬û뵽ھȻѾֵز
ǰɳ̫ˣ籾ǰǸ磬ǸĹ䣬˱֪·˭˫ĿԶƺ·һնɱǲȥʲôˡ
߰ɣⳡսѾˣҪٲߣǰһҪˡЦЦһѾʧ
۵ӰҲ黯


2308 ǰ
ʱƽԭսѾˣڸǳЩֵ£ȵĸ־ʹ
ƽԭǷ׷űӴܣҪȥصݡ
ظǳص֮⣬ڽɨ˵׷ܵĸǡ
һʱ󣬺ƽԭսڽˣǳضѾ»ع鵽˺ƽԭһ
ܶ񶼻ҶС磬ƽԭͷйһսܶ˽εսǾ֣󣬸оѪڡ
ʱ䣬еɨѾɣ˵ѾַҩҺǳصѾóɹһжĻָţһֲֳ˺ƽԭС
սĵ죬ǳصĴһ˾۽ֻ̨ܷͣҪεսбõ񽫣ԱҶСʹҩҺľ͹ζǸۺĶ
ƽԭǳڣ˸֣ܶ˶ǰۿ۽̨Щ񽫵ķͣǴ̼źܶŬȡΪһ֡
ɺҶС绷һܣ˵ʤˣȻֵøˣǲܹΣݵ͵̣ԶԶĳǣܴһ֪ȶǵĹ̽ԵĹѡ
ʲôȻֻ̽ԵĹҶСĻ˴󾪣һ϶¶֮ɫ
⡭ôأǳЩͨĸ֣վھ۽̨ЩҲ¶˲ŵɫ
ûʲôܵģһ㣬ƽԭݱȽ˶ʮǺƽԭعϡϸݣĻۣжٵǺƽԭܹȵ𣿡ҶСΪǵķ
ǵʵݣѵҪͶ𣿡ƺЩʵʵ
ͶǺǣѵλµǺƽԭǵĸǾԲܹҶС˵ĶС

һ̼䣬˶ͬƺйеƣʲô
ȻǵʵЩһƣǾģ˵ĶһģɳĸںܶĴϵ۸ӣɢңߣôĳǳرǳж󷨡
ѾΪΣʱˣǹȻӵңǻɳĸ֣Ϊ˱ǵļ԰Ϊ˲ЩݵĸԣǱŽһģеֶζϣǾͻῴЩ̵ݸֽǵĵ̣ɱǵ񡣡
ŽһģʤҶС𶯾
ʤʤ
ǳأȾΧһЩǳأΧЩǳصҲźɢƽԭͬ
һɿµںƽԭϿۣƺ۳һһ㣬ɢļµϢһִƵۡ
ϻ壬ݵһЩ˶صĺ
ҶСԺƽԭЩǽ˰š
λںƽԭϲЩ񽫺ܶ඼˺ƽԭкֶܶӺƽԭĸط뵽˱׼з
ҶСЩĸ֣ĴעݵĶһʲô紵ݶͽϢݹ
ЩɺҶСһȻûкĳսǵǵĻԣмǵֹУս⣬ķܴľֱһսҪƣ
ԳѣһҶСոջصۡĴڣһ񾳺ڸֱ˽˵
ŶҶС¶һĨɻ漴չһӲ鿴˸ۡſڣڵȴţǴܵϴЦ⡣
˵ʱҶС¶֮ɫƺû뵽˻֡
ǽҪһ㡣ҶСԸ
ǣ񾳺ڸȥ
һֻһƤˣһµ˽
þò۵Ϊһ㰡˽ҶСһƣȻһζɹȵȰڷľϡ
ûϻĵۺϴΰݼĬӡ
Ϊչĸ죬ĪϴЦ˵
ǾͲñ˴˿佱Էˣ˵ʵõĶ֪뿪ϻСطʲô飿ҶСʵ
ս˵֡
ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һƺ²⵽ĳЩ


2309 ôʹ
սĪǡҶС˵˵һ롣
Ѿ뵽ˣϻ׼Ǻƽԭô˵ط̵ͨĹϵݺǶƽԭĻͻֵǣǾǰԼۿҶС˵
׼ôҶСʵ
ɳһЩ֣ƽԭǵȻܻģɳֽȥĻ㲻ģҲģҸ״ݾߡ۵ıࡣ
̸⣬ȻݲðĿЦ
أҶСֱʵ
Ȼ֪۲İ֪ݺĵҲҪһЩô
ϻΣʱƽԭæ
û⡣
У֮ƶսͬ˹ϵýԷ
Ҳû⡣
ϻЩֱҪкЩһĴ
ȫͬ⡣
ҶСƺûô˿һӾʹӦҶСʹ죬һһܳԾӣƺû뵽ҶСشôɴࡣ
Ȼ֮ĺϵʹڿʼ˵
졣ҶС˵ĸ֣Ҳơ
ž
İҲϻͺƽԭ֮һµ
һ֣ϻ׼ɳ񾳺ڡڵĸ֡
ЩĸֿڴؼԵãսʱͻȻʵСӣ¶κһ˶˵˵ԵĴ
лۿЩ֣ұ㹻İնԸݸֵһνҾҪܽУܹ֪ȻٸһĴҶС罨
Ǻƽԭп϶ЩĲ鿴Ա׼ôǵĲ鿴ѯʵ
󷨣Ҳһ󷨣ЩִϻֱӴǺƽԭ㿴ôҶСѯʵ
ãǸ⡣һĨ˵
˶УؿˣΪ϶˴ͶԷһӾ̸£
һ죬ҶСϻ壬ҾסķΧڣһյأȻ󷨡
ҶС粼󷨵ʱЩ˶ڿţǺ֮ɫЩԱȽϸߵ壬׼ҶС粼󷨵ַѧϰһЩ
˰ʱ䣬ҶСŽ޴󷨲óɹˣҪȷܹõĳã˲˷˱Ƚ϶ʱ䡣
ˣۣߵѾˣҪغƽԭˣֻҪǱڲóһ໥ӦͿʱ͸ˣҪҲô鷳ˡ󷨲óɹʱҶС糤һȻ˵
ãڴúܹ㡣۵˵ͷ
ݡ
һлҶСӰʧ
Ŷûмû뵽ΪѾֿµĵزǰʱ򣬻ܹڸ鲻ˣ£ҪںսϵͬˡۿҶСԶȥ˵
۴ˣôǸҶһˡŹâ˵
һˣֻһЩطǰˣЦЦ
뿪ϻĺҶСֱӷ˺ƽԭѰһ׵۳ǵĳǳͣȻС
ѡĳǳȻһǳ֮һֻЩǳΪһЩ
ҶСֱӳǳصĳڣҶСµ˲䣬Ƭռ䵴ƺڲ鿴ŵʲôˡ
ǲҶСʱһջûְأȻȽϴ󣬺ҶС磬ǶûԼΡ
һɫս׵񾳺ڸֳҶСǰޱȹ˵
ҶС΢΢˵ͷȻ˳󷨣һϢ˸͸ܲڵĶǳڵˣܲκζͻȻʧȥһ㡣
ڳѡһȽϰȫĵطҶСֱӶ˵
ǣֹ˵Ȼкܺ棬ǶܹסԼϼ˵¼Ҳܹʡ
ֵĴ£ҶСһסԺڵԺڡ
ȷʵȽ徲ʱҲ
ͿˡָԺ˵
ҶС˵ͷȻһоԺĴСܹ࣬ݵ
ǣûб֣ϾֵΪһˣֱӿʼô
ҶСΪѾˣϵˮƽ˵һһ䣬ƺ־һԹۿţʱü˼ʱ¶˷֮ɫƺʲôһ㡣
ڣʱȥˣڲóɹˡ


2310 Ӱ
˺ܶණҲ컯ҶСɫ׵ĸ˵
ллָм
лҲһǿ󷨣Ҫκ֪Ҳܹκ˽ӽ𣿡ҶС˵
סĻش
ֽһҶСһͷͥԺڵ󷨶ˣɢɹâһԺڵû͸¶ȥ֡
ҶСһ߽룬һҫ۵ĹâҫҶСӰֱʧЩâȫɢƺʲô鶼ûзһ㣬һԭͥԺ
ϻģڵΧڣҶС粼õΧжأкüʱʱɨƺٲ鿴ʲôһ㡣
ͻȻ䣬ӿ󷨣󷨶ƺϸƣҫ۵Ĺâɢ
âɢʱҶСӰ֡
ҶΧЩֿҶСӰ󣬹˵
֪ںƽԭ嶼ͬˣ˶ҶСҲΪ
ȻЩţˣ󷨺֮ĽΪһЩ۳֣ϴЦ˵
ǺǣڽɹˣһǺƽԭһǳУǵж֪ʲôʱȥǱߣҶСʵ
ȵսʼʱɣӻһ㣬ڿɳǰȥ˽һơ˵
ҶС˵ͷͬھͽôִȥĻױ˲Ҳ̫Ͼ̫ˣһʲôͻҲý
۵Ĵ£ҶСУЩһԣʱУЩѯҶСϵһЩ⡣
ҶС綼˵Լصļ⣬ЩΪһЩˣҶС绹Ϊǽսʱ򣬺ϼ֮ãǶǳ
ֿܶҶСĿⶼͬˣеĲԴʱĹ
ҶСܹȫܻ壬ǺܶණһӮ˺ֵܶĺøС
Ҫ֪һ򶼿壬ΪһȺްˣʲôõĶᴫݵҶСƫƫʲô˼ǴΪж
ҶСǴڵĺܶණǳΪ飬ԺЩ뵽˺ƽԭģƽԭսЩֶܶࡣ
岢ǰ㣬кܶ໨ӣǴ˾һߣҾһɵ硣
ϻ˰ʱҶС뿪ˣߵʱ򣬴ֶ֣񾳺۷弶ĴڣΪܹԼϵϢ
ֳ磬ֻзǿ߲ܹܵ壬˺Ѹܵõ
ҶС뿪ʱ۾ѡˣʼ׼ţ˭Ҳ֪Щʲôʱṥƽԭ׼á
ҶС߳ԺʱǳصĳҲǳصؽһӲˣҶСǰһȴҶСİš
ͣ㰲һ£ʲôҪ;ɣҪȥ䣬ͬҶС翴˵
ǣĵ˵ͷȻԴְס޵ĵط
ҶС綼˵ǹˣȻҵ
ʱ򣬹ںƽԭںһսȡʤȸֵ飬һӴʧ硣
ĸº󣬷·Ǳ̼һ㣬ʱ˵ǰδеŽ
ڶЩУƽԭľһΪҵĵطû֯ûй򣬶أٻһƵƶȡ
ΪƽԭȳŲסû뵽ƽԭȴһתȡʤǱһ
ƾɶƽԭܹʤȴأΪ뷨ս⾪ˣƺ˵Ϣܹڳһ壬ǸǷ˰ٷ֮ٵս
΢·Ķ֣ľȻռϷ磬ÿһκЩսնɱԷ֣ܶǵʧؽ͡
Ȼûлݵĸ֣Ѿݵĸǰһ֣ռһֵء
սһ״̬ŶԶһ淢չ
ԭǱߵҲˣԽԭ¶ȾԽͣݵĸǸͲӦԭϵ򣬻бսķʽ
Įմµĸܶࡣ


2311 һεĴսʼ
ʱڴģĵǲټ֣׼ٴιƽԭ
ݵһж˸ĹעȻսУȻеĹעݵľƣϾһеԴͷս
׼Ƚж˽⵽ǵ̣ȻҲϣƽԭܹһʤǶԸĹ
ת۱ʱȥˣƽԭѾ׼ܶںƽԭóһߣֻҪݵĸֳ֣Щֱóƣнɱ
ȻҶСҲû׼Щ赲סݸֵĹⲻǵһߣӭͷһȵζЩҪĳǳУԳǳΪǵй
ݣ۵ΧڣһһϿգͻأ䣬һӰգһӰϢǿͬħһ㡣
Ŀһɨ˵۴ɳһǧǰ۹أ֮ǰﵽһˣͲҪˡ
ϣ˾ʧˡ
ֵĻһһڣ˵ľţһЩַ׷׳գŸղȥķ
֪ͨҪԱüϡһӵйâһ˵
Ļ£üӰΧʧһʧˡ
УղŷʩӶϣߣжʮ֣ЩΪ͵Ķڡ
ղŵĻѾˣɳһǧǿΪͶҪ۷壬ҪȻǾǰװȥˣ֪ҶʲôĿһɨ˵
Ȼ۴˵ȻҪˡһ˵ԼĿ
ҪأһǵͻᱻϾǿǰǿ߰ǸСĿȻǼ廹ǿ󣬵ȥô˺󣬿ֻñЩո̤һļǿһѣ治֪ΪҪսһ񾳺ڵĸַɧ˵
ûʲôǾɣֱӱ̬ȣƺ˵ͲҪ
Ƕ֪һǧְǸСĿҪ֪һ˵Ŀӣ˭֪սĽһˣЩǵжԵ¾Ҫѡ
ѵҪΥ۵Цһʡ
ΥôΥأΪǵܹȥĲǽֱ䶯һЩˣȷʵҪģǲܹ̫ˣǿȥ
ڵ˷׷ۣޱȣֱǵ˲г
վһۺĵһİˣɳһָ֣ԱһЩ۷壬񾳳ڵˣЩֶûʲôǰ;һӾֹڴ˵ˡ
ЩǱ޴ˣͲɳ
ЩУܶȡķⲢǲģ̫ˣÿһ쵼˶ϣǵ̲Ǳѹ
ȻЩȫɳǿߣΪһĥѣôΪǿߣֻҪִսˣһΪһ㣬١
죬һӶӸǰƽԭ۹ؿڣӸȥĻͻ֣ᷢЩ־ǻ۵ĺһķӿ
ؼƺЩֵƶƶһЩǿǣѱޣݡ
УۣۡһЩ񾳺ڵǿǿһĻĻ
Ȼȵµ⣬ҪҲɳǿߣɳǿ߲һսףϣɷϣ֮عе΢΢Ļҡ
ĸǾۼۺ۰һȻеĲսĸǷַ׺͸ҩҺЩսĶ
սĲǸ֣Դ

һ׼֮һڿԶŲ֮սУ鿪ʼн۹ؿڴԽ
еĸǷ׷׳սƺȼڵĻ棬ÿһϵϢᱩǺܶ࣬սȻ
һĲӣһµĺض
ۺʧգɽˣ߸ϹۿһУͷ·һ㡣
ʱƽԭĸǶоϢѾó׼ȴЩǵĵһ޴սҪ


2312 ɽ۾ۼ
ɽ֮ϣۺ˸ոǰҶСϲãĵӰ֣ǶݵЩǿǡ
ǿߣѾۼͲһմˣΪĮͷأ
ĮĿɮ̫ˣǶɳĮϤ˼㣬ܹԤ⣬մµһж˽⣬ûĿɮǶӵ˼򣬶ЩǰĸŪǱѾɳԮˣǸӣƺĮһӡ
ôˣĿһƳʵ
ٺ٣˵׼һ޴ս׼֡ħۺٺһЦ˵
οɲҪְˣҪȻЩϼһҲûйˡĵ˵
˺Ȼĸ۳һΣȻ
ģ׼㣬ֵϴžʧܣҲѿûн˵ҪȻһʧˣͶˡ
ºƽԭҲ׼Ȼûпսƾ֪һս϶ἫΪĲҡ
ۣӣȻ̺˸ʱռ򣬻һЩµĹ򣬿Ϊоһ㡣ҹ͹۳İ˵л¶һ˿ľȡ
ⲻ۳ġʱƵʮǹǵۿ˵ΪϤˣȻҪĹ
ʲôɣǣ˭۳ģĵ۾ȵʵ
Ȼܹ֮˶ڹǿ󣬲һһЩ˽Ĺ
˶ĿͶۣʡ
Ǻƽԭλ۵Ŀڡ
ʲôλͷܴİ¹ӣҹ𾪵˵ƺЩŵӡ
ɫصĵ˵ͷ
ܰɣһ󱲶ѣȻȶԹĵȻš
ЩУ³˷ħ⣬˶ôһĻ̬ȣϾǶûмҶС֡
ԹȻĳ̶ֳܹΪȴսֻ˵Ǹ츳ˣԷǷ
ˣһԾ֪ˡۿһ۴ĵ˵
ãĻ𣿡ĵһڴӦ
ġ۵ͷ
ҲҪ̫Դˣλܲ򵥣ٺ١ħһЦͬʱ룺ΪӦѾͻƵ˷ǿߵľ磬治ֳ֪ս
ۣۣǶƺЩͻȻ䣬ҹۿ˵·
˶ͷȥƺܹ͸ռ䣬ϵκζ
ֻ۹ؿڽƽԭЩ鷢ɧңһƬ֪ʲôطһȫֶܶѾڡ
䣬ܹ赲סǵǲ鿴еľ
ǻ󣿡һƬ⣬һ˿ɻ
׼ȷ˵ӦԻ󣬲ܹ˽þܹıΧʱһɽ
ͻȻ֣ۺѾֲˣ˵ɫһƬƽ˵Ŀⶼ΢΢ǵ۱ƽƺЩ𾪡
һӰͻȻһϣΨһһλҲϴҶСλá
һ͸һݴ񡣡ЦЦ˵
ССԻѣʿܶ࣬ѲǡҶСһӣǼƿһԲϡ
ۺֱԼźǳԾӡ
ٺ٣ּˡħ۶ҶСٺһЦȻԼһһںȥ۾һ̾þư
þƾͶȵ㣬еǡҶСЦЦ
ҾͲˡħٴκһڣһζӡ
ҶСҲǵۣҶСʱͶſüͷϧͿҶСǳ
㲻ôңҾûȺáҶС΢΢ͷǵ˵
ҶСĻһ㶣ȻͬʱЦ
ܲ򵥡ǵۿҶСһۣ˵ȻԼһˮǳʿȡ
Ҳܲ򵥣ǳˣ츳ԶΪĲ򵥡ҶС絭һЦ˵
ҶС绰ǵ΢΢һбտɫĹâǳת
һʼҶСǵ۵ĵϸҲǺôĿǵۣԺԶǼ֣׼̽һ
ǵڶ֪ˡǵҶСһۡ
һǣҶСʡ
ǵûлشתͷ΢΢ţƺʲô顣
˶һ֮ɫĿҶС磬ǵ۴ôãǶ֪ǵĹҶСȴһ˵˳Ǹоֲѡ


2313 սĵ
˺ǵ۳ĬǵһֱߴǿΪصһˣڱҶСĹ˸оҶС˵ء
ܹһĶͬһĸ֣䲻˵ݺ޵֣ǵսǰУȻ֪ʵǷʸ񡣡ͻȻ䣬ĵ۶ҶС˵
˶һϷӣû˵ĿһĻƺ뿴ҶСʵҲ뿴ҶС羿ôһ֡
жҵʵûʸ񣿡ҶСʵ¶һ˿ʮȤӡ
ȾһưɣĵһƱе˾ˮӣнɫâӿ۵˼عˮ΢΢ķڣһ֪̺ǿޱȵ
㡣
΢΢һƣǱˮͳҶСǰ˶ҶС磬ҶСƺҺⱭˮˣⱭˮѹƲסǿ͹򣬾Իˡ
ĵǿҷҶȻԸҵһҲȵĻǲˣⱭˮҺˣҲȱһˮ㵹ϰɣҶС絭һЦ
һƱ˾ˮǾˮµٶȼٵģһּΪĸо
ͻᵹʱҶСֱ㽫ˮ˷˴ĵǰȻ˴ĵ۸һˮŴĵۡ
ʱ򣬴ĵ΢΢ЩԥΪûзҶСھˮʹʲôģӷˣҲһЩɻѵˮʲôû
ôѵĵҵһˮҺȣҶС絭һЦ˵
˭˵ңǾһ󣬴ĵֱӶ˾ˮͺҶСǿǰȻ붪ӣοҶС粻һ󱲡
öľƱײҶСһڽͻȫ꣬ĵҲһ
ˮҶС΢΢ӿһĨ΢죬Ȼɫɢ˾ͻָ糣ˡ
þƣǺþưϣܹȼľˮҶСЩδ˵
ʱĵɣɫϱ仯һһϲһŭһ֡
ĳУǿ߶һӣƺû뵽ĵ۾Ȼˡ
һƣһ֪õоʲôҶСЦ˵
ʲôͻȻ䣬þûп˵ǵۿҶСʵ
˵ҶС˵֡
˵
ǿ߶üͷƺ˵ʲô
Ƕ޵ع¼ֻҶСһ˵Ҳģıʣ˵Ҳһܹס
ĵǵһӱָ˱ʡ
ǵۡҶСЦЦ
ĵ۲Ķ֡Ƭǵۿ˵ȻĬ
˶ŸղҶСǵ۵Ļ
ڳɾ֮λˣĪҵƿ֮СͻȻ䣬ĵƱȻڴЦ
ʮ㣬Ǹ߸߾ھ֮ϵ顣
ͻȻ䣬һָʱɫһ䣬üΪѿһŭ
ҶСĿ¶һĨɱģȻôǰӡ
ٺ٣ĵۣղεʲôεΪħϴϷʵЦʵ
ߡ
ĵһûħۣȻĿͶҶС磬ĿϬޱȣֶΡ
Ⲣ㹻֤ʸһСĵһһӳԶһɽͷϣаٹ
ҷ㡣ҶСվһӱʧˣ˴ĵ۲Զ
ҶС֪ĵΪӣҪսһسӣҲ˽һҶСʵҶСЩչʾһԼǿʵԱʱЩ˼ɡ
˻Ĵأ
ĵ۴һϽɫâϱΧؼ䣬һعת䣬˲䣬ĵΧԲʮڣһõس֣һУȫɴĵգ·Ƭڵ
ҶСȫУоԼ·ףⷽظͲ
ķǿ߹ȻȻּܹıһصĹ򡣡ҶС¶һĨ֮̾ɫϼɢȻڴĵ۳ⷽ磬һֳѵĸо·⡣
Ϊأаͽ췣
һ̼䣬ⷽ͹򹹽Уĵ۵ӰߴޱȣӰƺһ㣬ؼ䣬˫Ŀ飬̺ŵ⾳һֲսʤĸо


2314 ˣ
ĵΪͨ죬һռ䣬Ϊƿص磬򳹵׵ĸı䣬ˣ⶯һеعⲢһĶãֱա
ҶСڴĵƿصУһ˿ƬռеĹ򶼲ܹá
ҶС粻ںЩ̲Ƕع򣬶Ƕ⣬ֵ˸Ͳס
ŴĵǵĮⷽռ޾׵ۣ֮תۼ䣬һɫ߳֡
ЩԽԽܼȻ˺ɫ̺ǿޱȵЩ׵֮ƺҪĵó顣
ꡪ
ûκεף֮ϣһ첲ϸĺɫ߽ٶ£һҶСͷըѣϵܣƺҪҶСһ׵֮顣
򷨹һ
ҶС˫лĹ켣仹еϼ֣һҶСΪɢ˿
һµ׵֮ƺʲôһ㣬Ȼһӷֽ˿ΪΪ
ĵһµĹһӾͱҶСɵĻˣҶСͶ䣬һƵӣ˶Ƕû뵽ҶС羹Ȼһӻ˹ǲǺʹĵ۶Ժ䡣
ʵȷʵȻܹҽٶµֻ֮ǲ֪εĹôܡĵһɱȻ
ϵ衣
ĵ۴һⷽ۳˲ӿȫҶС˹ȫҶС֡
ҶСʱ·һƬ׺УƬֻɫ磬ֻԵлͻ͡
ȻҶСȫɫ׵ǣǰЪǿ߶ΪҶСʹˣ϶ʲôı仯
ǿ׵ϧǲܹκεҡͻȻ䣬һݶ漴һӰ˳ϻ¶һĨź֮ɫƺ׵㹻
۳׵֮ǿһ㣬һ治ô߳лԶһԼ塣
úúãû뵽ҵ㾹Ȼ˵ſ񡣡ĵɫޱȣʱоһⶼûС
Ȳ˵ղźҶСǱƣȻʧ̬ӣ˵սУĹȻҶС׾ٵĻˣҪ˵вŭǼٵġ
ʱ䳤ӣۡ
ĵϢһ㣬Ƭ۳ɵСһӻָԭбųзӡ󶯡
ʱⷽղŴĵ˫ּޱķӡһƹб˳Ȼһ
ʱ򣿡ܵһйĲҶС˵
ĵѾ׵ķŭˣȻʱ򶼱¶һԼĵơۿʼ˵дЦ⣬Щ˷ܣƺҪսĽ֡
ȷʵˣҲ֪ܷĵ۵һž⡣
˶һڴ֮ɫʱĵѾӿһֵĵƣҶСȻһƵӣƺͲ¶ԷĹһ㡣
Ƭ̼䣬һȫʱ۶ɵĳƬγɣǾ֮ϵһ㣬ʣһ޷׽ĸо
ͨ񡣡
ĸ쳹ʱʱ䳤ӹҶСӿƺܹһжС
ҶһԶʧʱĺУܹȥܹڣҲܹﵽδԶĴʧ
ĵЦһһĨµɱƺѾҶС类ʱ䳤ӾߺԶʧΣʱĳֱӻΪһѳ
ʱǿ߶ضһĻƺҪҶСôƽһʽǿͨ
ʱ䳤ʶһƺѾֹͣУ˾Ծֹ״̬ҶСûпʱ䳤һ㣬վԭأƾʱ䳤ӽУȻŶȥ
ʱ䳤黯ֻҪʱ䳤ʧҲζҶСӴʧ磬Զڻع顣
ȻЩʱ˼µĸ֣ܹʩչԵͨҶСӹʱ䳤
һΪжǿأԭҲˣҶƾ츳ˣ󻹲ҪСʱ䳤ʧĵ۴ЦЦſޱȣĿ⡣
ˣɣʱͿռĹļôôҹžȵ˵
һǿҪնɱһǿߣѣҶСֳ츳ܿ£ǶҶСôõʧʷĳС


2315 ĵ۰
˵̫ˣһʱѡ
ͻȻ䣬һؼһƺңԶʱգһּΪʵĸо
ʲôĵ۴󾪣û뵽ҶС羹ȻţѾʱƬؼ䣬ҶСʱȻ˵ҶСʱѾﵽһֿµľ硣
ʱתԴ
˶Ϊ֮𾪵ʱһŴ̺ϹƬؼϵ𺳡
һµʱ΢΢һõӰգһӰҶС硣
ʱҶС·ʱ֮⣬δٹȥһʱеͶӰһ㡣
ģһӰʵҶС»صƬؼ䡣
ʧˣֻˡҶСĿƽŴĵ˵
ĵ۴ʱһ֮ɫһŵӣƺҶСܹʱ䳤ӵطؼ䡣
дһ㾹Ȼɱ֮ģȻҾͲˡҶС˵ϿֲϢ˳ϯⷽء
ҶСϵϢȫһ̼䣬зǿɫһ䣬ѿޱȣǷҶС籬ϢǵĻҪǿ󣬻һﳼĸо
ߣǿ󲢲ܹʵǿЩǿ
Ȼж붼ǲʣҶСôǿϢ
ǷǷǣɰתա
ҶСϼһӡγɣЩϼγһƬɵһƬûиıع򣬲ȴƺʲôԵùޱȡ
һƬĵ۰С
һССĺ󱲣ܹκң
ĵЦһΧɫâƣ绤⣬赲Щϼ룬ϧЩϼƺܹ͸еϰǽɫâҲܹ赲
ǡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ΢𣬾Ǵһ
ô£ôܣҵϼдĵͻȻ侪
˿ȥֻĵ۵ϾȻһѺۣƺҪըˣɫѪҺ¡
ϵϢ
˭ôԣʱڵĵ۵дһƬɣƺѾһƬþС
ҶС˫еӡȻϴĵϵϢȻȥƺһҪӷǿ߾䵽񾳺۷ơ
һĻǿߵɫǸͲ֪͵ĹҶСĹͣгʣЩǣǺҶСһսֵܹܲסһ
Ǵĵۣˡ
ۿĵһϢѾ㽵䵽񾳺۷徳ˣĵͻȻһлָ֮ɫ
ۡ
һѪϢήңƺҲ˺ܶ౶ǸոȬӡ
ҳС㣬Ȼնɱҡ
ĵ¶һĨɫضҶС˵г˳ޣһĨĲ
ҵҪҽܲնɱ㡣
ҶСɱݣִɱķȥһѾ˴ĵǰٶȼ죬һȭ˹ȥ
ء
ĵ۱ҶСһȭҷ˳ȥϵĹͷȫ飬۾ӵȵȵطȫðɫѪҺ
ĵϵϢ΢
ҶС粢û֣ͣŴĵ۹ӣҪĵۻĽడ
ãѾһĬΪ˴֣һܹҪȻֲǻȴꡣҶСĶɫһ䡣
˵ɫҲ׷ױ˱ˣ໥һۣƬ̼ͬʱ˵ͷ⡣
ס֣ȱ𶯣˵
۴һһϼȴǿޱȵϢһλߵϡ
Ͻɫâҫһɫףһ赲סҶСȥ·ǿҲ׷׷ɳ˹۲ȫҶСʹĵ۸˿
ҶˣôȥҪˣԴֲολ֮䲢ûʲôޣαطָأȰ˵
Ҫ£ҶСĿһʵ
ǣҲ֣ϾǶΪ˴֣ҶЩһϣ¾˰ɣٴο˵
ˣ·ŵϣǻ𣿸ղҷʱ䳤УزǸʱô֣ҶСʵ
⡭һӱסˡ
ǵʱҲҪ㣬ʱѾˣǸǹʧǵ۶ҶС΢΢Ϲƺ˵ǲȡ


2316 ̸ս
ǿ߶ĶԼͬʱͷųԼǿϢҶС֪ҪնɱĵѾǲˣ
ȻʵǿޱȣǱϾΪǿߵʱܶ࣬ЩѾ꣬۷ܼҪնɱĵۣҪֱǿߡ
Ϊ˵»˵Ķ֣ԵģͬʱǿûģοڻǶԸЩǿߵʱ
ѵ˵¾ôţҶСĿϬʵ
Ҫһʵ
Ҳ֪ΪҪǿ֮໥ɱǶԴֲȻĵ۸ôôҪһĴۣǶʱĸ֣ǸʱѾ֪˶ˣӦû۵˺ܶöҪĵۻһԴҶСĿһɨ˵
ҶСĻЩǿ˫Ŀ΢΢һһԴθ̫ˡ
붼룬ҾͲӦˡĵɫΪѿ˵
ҶҶǷǿߣӦΪľƿǣһԴȷʵе࣬ǻһ°ɣٴο˵
ԴҪҪҶСʵ
һּۻ֮ڴһЭ飬ĵ۱ҶСķ֮һԴλǿߵĳŵĵҲҲ
ˣѾȥˣǴҾ͵ʲôûз̸֮ۺǺһЦ˵
ҶС˵ͷ
ܵ裬һٱĵбųһĨɫһΪһƽɫâʧˡ
ĵʧǼ·ԲǱߣͬʱ
ղǳս˶Ŀһ°ⳡƴսˣսֿʼˣٺ١ħһƷζžˮһ߿ܹؿڣЩֺͺƽԭ֮ս
ʱĸѾƳҶС粼óԻ
ȻԻǿ󣬲ɵƵģôĸ֣ϱǿƱԻƣЩҲһٴԻ˳
ȻⲢ˵ԻûãǺܶõģһʼԻЩˣɱ˺֣ܶƻнĽ࣬ơ
ʱݵЩֺͺƽԭĸɱһ
ƽԭĸ˸ָս޴ޱȣһɱһ㣬֮𵴣Ѫɽʬɣ̵ܲӡ
սۺ˵ɫÿոսƽԭô谭һܵ˴ۣɻӰ쵽ʿ˵Ӱ쵽ս
ȻⶼΪҪģҪﻹǿ߿ţǸоӡ
ƽԭĶ鿴簡ϧ̫ˡҹŹâ˵
ȷʵеˣƽԭľţϾŲˣԶԶûݷ۸͵
սޱȣһսбնɱѪɫصĺƽԭ޺죬ޱȡ
ƽԭЩ鶼ϰҶС紫ڵľϻֺ֮ϻ֮Ϊǿ󣬿ʮֹ
һʼʱ򣬿ϬޱȣЩָûзӦʱĽţݵĸվסš
仯ˣ仯ˣƽԭĶ·磬ô˵Ĳ޷ֲġҹٴο˵
ʱۺ˵ɫÿ˺ܶ࣬һ˿Ц⡣
֪ҶµЩ˻ӦεĹ׻˵һʮᣬھԵʵǰκıƶֽϻƳҶСһۣЦ˵
սδһ˸أٿȥǾ֪ˡҶС絭һЦƺûнƽԭ·鵱һ¡
ôĪǷҶʲôƻͲòɣۺʵ
ȥ֪ˡҶС¶һ˿ĪЦݡ
ʱƽԭĶ鳷ˣƺΪݸֶˡ
ۺȻһЦ⣬ҶСҲһġ
ҶС翴һ֧Ѿǵ񣬾͵ǳɹˣȻڳˣұݵĶ׷ɱ
²ڣǾܹԵطǳˣֻҪ˳ǳأһ̵ĺˡۿ·ս˵
ҶཨĳǳؿҪˣҪĲٶȣȣǵʵ£ǺƽԭĸһڽڰˡϴһĨ˵
ǿɲһս˲Ϣ䣬ʲôпܷҶСЦЦ
ҶСĻۺжЩ룬ھԵʵǰκιƶͽͣ뵽ЩǾͶ


2317 һʤ
ƽԭĸǽ򣬴ʱĳ˿ͲΪսʧܵĳˣһյ֮ߡ
ȻɽЩǿжһ̫˳Ĳף룬ݸڶ࣬ƽԭޣǸûзϡ
䡪
ͻȻ䣬ûκεףϱ˿ֲޱȵҲһЩֲһ˷ȥ
ݵĶǡнʱ䣬ҽסֶܶը˸飬ɢһЩˡ
ˣˣƹ
ݵĽ˺ǽ֮ɫû뵽Ȼ˲ذ
ǴƬƬݸۺ˵ɫѿεķʧ˺֣ܶЩɢˣҲɢˣܶ˺£˵ǡ
Ҷ֪ǺƽԭղʹõʲôȻܹ˾޴ħɻʵ
ǿҲɻǲ֪ҶС絽ײʲôȻܹ˿µ
ʵҲûʲôЩײ޵ľˣĳֶΣЩ˱ը൱ǸԱһͷųǿޱȵҶС絭һЦ˵
û׼飬ûа취ֻҪºЩǿߵһͻõ𰸡
ԭˣԭˣֶΣܽˡ¶һĨء
ʱŷԼСҶС磬Ȼ˵һʼҶСӣڿӳ̶ȻΪ׵飬ھȻôķ粨
ⲻһСֶΣ価áҶСЦЦ
Щ޾˱ըļ·磬Ҫչ˿ڼϣЩĸֺѾˣһЩ̽ʱǵһսйʹá
ƬڵıըѾͣסˣһصĶ֫Ѫòҡ
ܶݵĸֶûս⣬СģΨҶСʲôơ
εĽӴޣɥʧ˺֣ܶϿƺЩȲ
ֶΣüƲ֪߰㻹ʲôֶΣҪûеĻ赲סôĸ֡΢΢һ̾˵ȻĿͶҶС硣
ſ֪ˡҶСһЦ
Щ޾˵ıըȻը˺ܶ޵ĸ֣ǵȻܶࡣ
ɱ
ݸָոմƬըոմʱ򣬺ƽԭһ֧˵Ķ龹ȻͻȻ䷴˻ȥٴɱ˺ƽԭЩ֡
ݵЩֻûдӸղŵзӦһʱ䣬кֱܶնɱ
һǹǺƽԭиڰħž˵
Ǻǣһ㼼ɶѡҶСٴǫӭ˷ħ۵һۡ
֮ԴĽƺ˹ϵһЩ
䡣
ͻȻ䣬һ飬һرɫռ䷺ȦȦ
ɱ
ɱ
һЩֺ󷽳֣ɫâϬޱȡ
Щ֣սףޣſµһ֧֧Сӣһߣ֮ݵЩȫһ̲ࡣ
ǰεĹʱϵĻôθ˷ѽ⣬˸ͷӦ
ȻҪ壬û뵽㾹Ȼ年һ𡣡бŷޱȵĹâ
ʲôᣬⲻǽ˶ѣûи߹ͼֻ֣֮Ϊǿ񡣡ҶС绺˵
ۺ˵ɫѿû뵽ʱȻ֡
ǺüƻǰεǴݶİţǵҲΪ˸ֵĳᣬʱ򣬱ΪƽԭûʲôֶΣû뵽֣ǵĳ֣һӽղеĻֶ̿˳ⳡսֵ˶İ̫ǿˡ
ǵ۸п˵ͬʱҶСһۡ
ʱݶЩǣǿֻţ鼸ûʿԣҪЩ񾳺۷ĸִڣ綼ˡ
Сʱʱ䣬ֺͺƽԭĸֳˣһصʬ壬Ѫпʿȫ޵ݸֵĶ顣
˰ɣҪǲˣЩֶᱻԶںƽԭ΢΢һ̾
֪һʿȫ޵ĶҪͺƽԭƴʤĶսɻĸҡ
ȥģݵٽй
ˡ
ɫܲÿЩʣǴһ䣬ͬ콵ٵּһ㡣
۵ݵĸǣһӶӵķء


2318 
һĹѾյĽˡ
սΪҪģղŵսȻ˺ܶˣǣݸǳʵ̫ˣֵϣȻռơ
һʱ䣬ҶСǿȻɽ֮ϣ¸ƺţнսǶѾȥˡ
Ϣһʱ䣬Щֻźƽԭƽ
нļΪͲƽԭֿɳ֮ƽһһߵʵβʵıƴʲôıƶûˡ
εսݸڶ࣬ƽԭųǳΪǵһʱ䣬ս൱˭Ҳκβ˭
ÿ궼дȻкܶսƼɵΪһ㡣
ҶСڵǿߣɽ֮ϣƺ顣
εսкܳһʱˡħۿ˵
ȷʵһʱ䣬һսҲδһ£ⳡսУкܶɱ䣬Ϊһ㡣ҶС絭һЦ˵
ݡ
Ǽǿ߸̸۵ʱͻȻ䣬һ·һһ㣬һӳǵǰ
һտɫĹţǵۿտɫʱ΢΢üƺԤеʲôһ㡣
ǵһƹâǸտɫУһӰ֣ϢϿһ񾳺۷ǿߡ
ǵ۴ˣ²ãǻƵʮǹԨڶȫˡ
һ仰ǵӰʧˡ
ʲô
Ϣǵۺͷħ˶һɫҲÿ
ôܣʱһֱͣ򶫷ɳ֣ЩֵѾ֮һˡħɫΪÿ˵
ҶСһҲ֪ͶһսУƵʮǹԨ˶ٸ֣ôĸ־Ȼ֮һҲ̫ˡ
ȥʲô顣ǵ۸ħ˵һ䣬ȻΪһâʧ
ʧ󣬷ħҲʧˣֻʣҶС硢ۺˡ
Ҳ֪һЩ̣ҲǸôĸȫжȻʲôأǹȥŹâ˵
ҶСͷħ۶˵ͷ
ʱͺƽԭ֮ս˽״̬Ҫֳһӹѣûµʱ䣬Ͳܡ
˵Ӱͬʱ黯Ƭؼ䡣
ȺʱݽЩ쿴ҲѣǴսϢ
Ӹ߿տʮϣյģȻһӰûУԵø졣
ʮ춼ǱԨͻƵʮǹռ˵ĵ죬ڶϵЩ죬ƺ׼սкܶ¶֮ɫƺҲ֪ʲô顣
ͻȻ䣬Ӱ֣ӰǵۺۣŹâɨǹռĵ졣
һҶСҲУһ˶ûеĵǶǴΪ𾪡
ôһ˶ûˣۺ˵
㿴ʲô۽ĿͶǵۣǵۼΪóضȻ֪ʲô
ҿ
ǵ˵˫ʮָϱųһɫЩǹ˿ߣ
һ˿߽֯γһһصһɢⷽؼ䡣
ǬΪ죬ΪأתǬԭȥ
ǵ۽һӵӡ̽һ
һƽɫâɢһӰһӰǻƵʮǹԨͶսĳ
սĳУҲ֪Ǵʲôʱһ֣Щֲϵذɱĸ֡
ɱ߼Ϊթ̣ǽնɱ󣬱ˣҶС翴Ҳһɺ
ЩɱƺԽԽ࣬ΪսĽڸܵһ˿ĲԾǹͬ飬Ȼͣסս׼һڵİɱǡ
ʱͻȻ䣬ɫЩӰȫʧ
ꡪ
ɫ̶ˣǵһɫףбĹâ
ʲô˶ĿͶǵۡ
оͨĸֳĨȥ˴֮飬Ҹ޷ʱ黹ԭˣһǿڰСǵۿ˵
ӦòܰɣǶѾ趨һǿ߶ܹ֣ôĸҲܹڼڣôնɱħЩŵ˵
⻹һ¡Ϲҳһ˿Ц


2319 Ԥ
ֵĹЩǿ߶жһɺ⣬ܹôϢڶ̶̵ʱʧӰ٣ֶʵ̫˸еľˡ
飬ҪҪȻԺ˭֪ʲô鷢ħſµĹâϬŨҵɱ
޴Ӳ㿴ǱѾɳһЩ̽Ӳ鿴ƺҲڲ鿴ŷʲô飬ǶԴҲ֪飬ҪȻ綼ЩռСǵָ·Ǽʮɢ˵
ȷʵˣҪ֪ʲô飬Ҫһ¶һλҲ֪Ļ˵Ǿд鷳ˡ΢΢һ̾Ȼ˵ģѾԶһλκϣˡ
Է֪ʲô»ѰѰҷЩ
ħ۽ĿͶ˶ڵĵطħϣɢ˿µƣһдаֵܶΪܵǿҵѹơ
˭
˭λǿ߽ٵǶ򡣡
Щָܵƣ׷׺иƯգ鿴ŵʲôͷų˿ֲϢ
ЩֿеۡǵǼǿʱɫ΢΢һ䣬ޱȹʵλˡ
ħۡǵ۵΢΢˵ͷûдЩֻ֣зǿ߲ܹܵǵ𾴣˶ģϡ
䡪
Ƭ̺һǿϢӶһ𣬺Ƶⷽռ䡣
ۣΪ˺£һϴ˹һ㣬ƺּ⡣
ۣѵ㶼ҳһ𣿡˵ԶԶĴ˹ȥ
ݡ
һӰͻأǰһϮɫϢΪƺн˺ܶࡣ
֪ôǿʦڵҸʲôĿһɨЩǿʵ
ѵ֪ݽЩħüѯʵ
ЩҺٲ֣ǴƶǸһֱСҡҡͷĿͶ˱ռ졣
Щûʲôֺɫ΢΢һ䣬ضŷħۺǵʵʲô˼ѵҪǶȫնɱһղɣ
ۿŭޱȣҲװģ
Ĳ֪ˣ۵Ļɴ
ΪǶʲôıǾıⲢǡ
ۣȱҪ˵ǵۺͷħ۱㻹Ҫֵȫʧˣһ˶Ҳˡ۽͵
⻰ϵŭһʧˣȡ֮𺳺𾪣ôܣһ˶ûҵ
ȷʵˣǸղʱЩһӰûУ֪ʲô飬ǰ컹úõģû뵽ȴ飬ʵ̫ˡҹ˵
Ȼ鷢üͷȵȻȥ˽˽
˵ţһӾʧˣ˶ɵķǱߣҪȥĸ֣ĸֻ᲻֪ʲô
ˣǵۣ㴫ѶأôӦ֪һЩɣͻȻ䣬۳˵
˶ĿͶǵۡ
Ҳ֪ʲôطǵҡҡͷҲҪҵλѶˣһ˶ûУôң˵Ǹһˡ
»᲻Ӯйأŵʱ乻ˣôʱЩʲôǸ޴֪£ӮڱЩְɣ۲²⡣
˶һ˼ӣƬ̺ҡҡͷӦòôӦǹģеĹ֮Ƚǿʢľ̹̹֮ԸҲˡ
Ǽ֪ͨһʧĸ֣ѰҴѶˣҿʲôѰ鷢ˡǵۿ˿˵
֪ΪʲôһֺܲĸоƺʲôµҪˣǾȴ˵ǵüͷ˵
˶˵ͷǵ۵ǻģȻǵѾԤеʲôôܻʲô鷢
ҵҲʲô֪ǼǵͻȻ䳷ˣΪʲôıȻȡ˹̬ȣû뵽ǵ˾ȫʧȥϢ۳գ˵
ŷħ۽ղǵ۵Ԥ˵ۣҽǸҪҲ˵˳ȥ
̸һ䣬ǼǿߣɢϢͬʱѰŸֵܴѶֵ䡣
ε¼УǲһΣУƺУڤڤ仹һδ֪δ֪˶һĿֻš


2320 
ǿǿߵ£ܶ˶ѰŸǵ۴Ϣ֡
ôǿһʧ飬ǿǰδеϾµӰ̫ˣҲ÷ǿǸܵ˾޴Σ
Ϊ£ԨͻƵʮǹͣס˶ԶĹûŪ֮ǰǾԲ׳֣Ҫٳ飬붼ʵ𣬶Ҳÿ
ĶԺƽԭս˽״̬˭Ҳκβ˭ۺһֱעģǺ³ֶϵһĻ
ʱ佥ת۾Ǻüµʱ䣬Ѿעǵ۴ϢˣǵȻһûУ˷ǿǵӡ
һ󣬻ƵʮǹԨɳ˸֣˶ǲˣô죬ǿѾҲˣ˭֪ûУǵļƻܹӰ졣
ΪԤڼ䣬ǵۺͷħһŲ鿴ţѲųµЩ죬Էֹʲô鷢
һ죬ǵۺͷħ˶ڶϿѲӣͻȻ䣬һâһϳһӳǵǰ
˸ǵ۴Ϣ
ǵ۴ˣһѨһ˵ӣӺǿ˵òЩƣҲȷǲǣ˵Ҫȼǵ۴˺Ż߾λáǵڹһ漴һӰ֣ǵ۴һϢ
ǿǵʱǵ۴ϢǸˣѰ˺ܾǿټûκεϢһ˿
Ϣ֮ǵ˼Ƭ̶ŷħ۵Ȳ鿴ȥ
ħ۵˵ͷ
ǵɨһӱҵ˸Ϣ֣һ˸䣬һͦĵɳ̲ߡ
ʱﲻиϢ֣ͷϳǵĺ֡
ǵ۴ˡϢ˹Ķǵ˵
˭Ҫңǵʵ
ֽĿͶ֡
ǵ۴ˣ˷Ҫҵ˺Ƶӣ˵ֻҪṩǵ۴˾ͻһЩҪʹ͡һ۷ĸָ֣Դ֮ɫĿǵۡ
ǵȡһЩҩҺȵȶаĶȻ˵ȥ
лǵ۵ʹͣнǵʹ͵ĶϽȻȥǵ۸ȥ
֣ǵһֱ˺һɽһѨǶ˽ȥ
붴Ѩʱǵ۶ŨҵһϤ
ǵ۴ˣѨںѰЩҩʱֵⷢģӿЩԾһǵ۽͡
ǵֻǵ˵ͷû˵
Ѿˡǰһξһ˵Ȼָͣǰ
ʱǵ˫Ŀ΢΢һʧħôܣ
ֻǰԶһһƽʯͷϣ˫ĿգкɫħϷӿǺɫħƺһĨɫȥ졣
ɫϱ任һͣһ
ܹһ侲ָӵǵܶô϶Ƿʲô˵Ķ
ǵһ߳ѾǰһƾޱȵɫǻԱ˳һӴͷ˽ȥ
ǿң񣬺һǹħųǵǿߴ
ǵǿǻԹ˽ȥһƴһ˿ɫħشɢ˳۳һСš
ݡ
ɫħƺһǻһ㣬ֿ֪ǵǿһȫǿɢ˳Ȼƿնȥ
ߣǰܵ𣿡ǵЦһһһŽɫϸ߽֯˴ųһӽһضС
ɫСǹɫħڽɫ˳ƺھҵţΪء
ǵٴβóܼĽɫ׽ɫħǷӡȻռȴӡ
һСʱʱ䣬Ӳ˹ɫ԰ޱȣϢԡ
ǵ۴ˡӴŸм͹˵
ǿʲô飿ǵѯʵ
һʼǷǵĸֲϼ٣ÿ춼кܶʧ٣ǶΪڲ˵ˣȻ㳷ˣͣȻ׼ڲԱǲиʧٵȻûֹͣǸͲ鲻
һǰ˶Щ־ۼĵط׼̽һЩõϢһϢûУҷǹռЩʱ֣Ȼһ˶ûˣȻҾ͸Ϣ
ʱҷһɺɫħħ൱죬ұһħˣ˷ֹǹħ׷Ѱұӵǿһһ㽫Լ֪Ϣ˵ǵۡ


2321 ħ
ǿĻǵüͷôһǿҲƺ˽⣬ʱʲô飬¾û֪ˡ
ߡǵ˵һ䣬һǻԽǿ˾ʧˣֻʣ֡
ֵõҪϴΣȻʮֵĸˣǵ뿪Ҳ뿪ˡ
ûʲôǵ۴һ˹ħѯʵ
ǵ۶û˵һͷűӡħǰա
ħԣⲻһħħħ۴󾪣Ĺƫħгħǰħ໥ȽűϵĲ𣬾ħΪ߼һЩ
ôͻȻ־ħħһʵ
Ҳ֪ʱʱ򣬾ħ˺磬Щպ˱죬ƺͨѾһ˷ӡˣħҪֵĻӦóں磬ôʧ磬벻ˡЩɻ
̫ˣǵõ귢ڲԤĻ»ִӣǰǼйһ°ɣҲи׼ħ˵
ҪϺƽԭλĺ磬ûбΪϤˡǵһĨ˵
ʲôħЩɻ
ѵûзֺƽԭһλЩڲͬ𣿡ǵѵϹҳЦݡ
ȷʵЩͬĹ⣬˸Ϳ͸츳̫ˣ񿴵һֱ͸˵ĸоħЩɵ˵
ЩҶ֪˵ڲͬЩϵִϢǵ۶ŷħ˵
ħЩɻ֪ǵҪʲô˼
ǵۿŷħ˵ʧعвģϸȥĻǻᷢһ
󣬷ħһƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ŀޱȣ˼˵пǴӺģ
°˾ŲʮһʼҰǰʱ˪ǣʱЩ˵ĲлսҴǰʧû˵ְµԸû˵Ͳܡǵ۷
ҪҪնɱħбųһĨ⡣
նɱÿȻǴûкһսҸо߸ҪնɱЩܣֻҵĸоοֵĻ˲𣿡
ǵһһ÷ħ˵˻Ȼ뷴ȴ֪ηҶСʵ֪ģûгΪǿߵʱ򣬶˷ǿߵ˵ˡ
ЩоϴҶСʹĵ۵սδóȫ
ⲻеһɶѣʵǸûбҪնɱΪ֮ûʲôޣνĳ޲ΪǾЩں羭Ӫʱ䳤ʲôְˣ˵Ǹ·չһ壬Ͳʱµ񡣡ǵ˵
ˡħŹâ
֪ͨһ£ǶܴܲЩϷʲôߡǵĿɨЩޱȵĵ졣
˵жжж֪ͨЩǿߡ
ݺͺƽԭɽ۴۽ӵϢȻҶС硢ǰ˶
˵һ˿ǱѾվ۷ȻҪŪôʧٵôһ¡
ڴͬʱǿ߶׷ǰ
һӵʱ䣬ѾȫˣĵҲˣɫЩ԰ףƻûȫת
ҶСһ˲䣬һĨޣ漴͵ʲô¶ûз
ǵۣǰ㵽׷ʲôۿʵ
ǿɣǵٴνŷӡľħ˳
ħһ˲䣬ҶСü⣬˶ɫ䣬һɫúѿͬһʱһ
ǵı飬ҶС൱ɻ
Ѿ˰ɣǾħҴϢ˱ħȾˣ֪Ҳ࣬Ҳûпôǿʧٵģһħйءǵۿ˵
˶˼֮УƺǻĳЩ顣
ħʲôͻȻ䣬һ𣬴˵˼һȻҶС緢ġ
˶ͬʱĿͶҶС磬¶һĨ֮ɫƺһ
ҶС֪жȻֹϵʲôء
ѵʲô֮𣿡ҶСٴʵ


2322 
ҶСĻЦЦʵҲûʲô֮ʱһЩˣ
ʱʱʱѾչ˼£콾Ǹʱ򣬸ͲȱţȻʢľͷɪ˥䣬һεĹ򣬺ܿǳش֮Ĺ򡣡
ι֮£츳ԽԽˣܶ˸оԼڲʧҪ֪񾳣Ͼˣûн£عݱ䣬ǲò
Щǿ߶ЩĻţҲоڲʧΣ˺ֵܶĿֻš
Ϊܹӳ˸ָİ취һȺоܹԴΪħǽЩħΪɡ
ֽɵħֺ󣬳׵ĸıƣЩͬЩħ˵ԴǳȡӳЩŲͬ⣬Ϊֶ̫ˣҲʱǿǷѵҪԭ򡣡
ȻǼ˶ּͬƻϾûԸ⿴Լһκ˶һֱܣǶΪܹסЩħЩħΪá
ϧʱ򣬺гһѷ죬ѷоȻɢħЩħвɫâǳΪħ
Щħ쳣Ⱦ󣬾ͻᱻħ׵뵽ľ磬Ǹʱ򣬾ħɢҪȻԻһѡ
Ҳ֪ô£ħƺЩħܶħѷ츽ȡžħھħϴ£Щħ˾޴ı죬ǵǻۣܹϵĽΪԽߣԽףʵҲǿޱȡ
ЩħѾܹΪΣЩǿ൱ʵħǳΪħ档ЩħƻޱȣһʼװȻǵĿ֮£ǵʵ۵һ׶κ󣬳׵ǵգԳһǶӦʱѾˡ
ǸʱعӰ£ǷǿߵҲֻ꣬ûܹ£ںЩħ˴ս
ڴսĹУһֲħʧ磬һΪ˶ԿħȻЩħһֵķǿ߷ӡ˾֮£Ǿѷ֮¡
ǵƲ⣬ѷпͨһ޴磬Ǻ绹Ҫ߼һЩ磬ֻͲܹ˵ħĳ֡
󣬿ռޣ˭Ҳ֪а˶Ŀռ䣬ֻǴ˼뵽Ǹ˵ľп֪
벻ͨħֵĻӦóں磬ȴʧ磬Ϊ벻ͨˡ
ΪҶСһʱ飬Ȼǵıһֶʡˣû˻ԼЩʵ顣
ȻҲҶСп֪Щ飬ϾҶСʱں硣
Ҳ룬пǺ⡣۶ҶС˵
ҶС粻˵һװͿӣ۳Ƭֱ̣ҶС磬ҶǻǴ촰˵ɣǼ˶µ˼֣Ȼ˵ٷ֮ٵȷǰٷ֮˾ʮѾȷˣĵ̣ǼȥĻ϶赲ԣ飬Ҫȥһ¡
ûʲô⣬ǾͷİɣȻʧ磬һ飬ҶָƣҲϣǸʲô⡣ҶС˵
ǿ߶ĿͶҶС磬ƺҪҶС翴һ㡣
ǲҪĿ⿴ңҲûƭǣоħ֣ҶȻۿ鷢ҶС˵
˵ͷҲףҶСĸڣȻῴǸʲô⡣
᲻ʧҲһѷ죬ǲǸͨͨҶСʵ
Ҳֻ֪ϸʱ˲֪ɣ΢΢һ̾˵
ħĳ֣пܻʧɾ޴ѣЩ鿴һ°ɣܹܲ鿴һЩôʧ٣ܻһЩ˿ɣǵۿ˵д롣
û⡣ڶǿ߶Ӧ
ЩǿǷ׷׽ٵЩ̵ĵϣϸĲ鿴ţҶСҲһһ߲鿴һžħ⣬ͬʱҲ¶˾׼ȥһˣϸǸ
κķ



2323 غ
ҶСڵİλǿߣڶ򶫱ЩߵĵĴѲӣϸĲ鿴һֺأһӵʱ䣬ϧȻûѰҵħİ
ǰʧ飬æµŸԵ飬һǶͬʱԲ鿴ţһоħ֣ǾԻֱӲ鿴
ҶСص˺ƽԭǰս飬Ѿ˰ţôڵѾڣİ취ѾˣһսˣҲ޿κΡ
һսҪֳһʤҪܳܳһʱ䣬ʱ룬жԵӪȽϵĲǸĶ٣Դ̵ȵȡ
ƽԭĵشһ޳ڣҶСӰֱӳ֣һӾ˻յڡ
ʱһЩϣЩ϶ռĲϣϾҪһľ۽̨͹򹹽Ĵڡ
ʱջ񲻷ơҶС˴ڣϴЦݿ˻ա
λķԸܲİ𣿡ЩС˵
ЩŰɣСķ̲סˡյݸҶСһָ
ҶС˹ȥҪЩʧָҪʲô仯ˡ
㻹𣿡տҶСЩӡ
Ҫ뿪һ󣬺ƽԭͽˣǰߵս׼䶼ΡҶСĿŻ˵
Ҫ͵ҼҪΪѼϣҪΪƹܺƽԭΪܹæùպĶҶСʡ
һֱԼ˿ˣʵ̫ɶˡ
ԣҳȥԼѰһЩϣܿ˰ɣҶСЦ˵
˵ġյĿ
ôеСҶСĿŻա
ŮˡհһҶС硣

ҶСЦŮʱǺӣԼϲǰ
ʱЩܺƽԭзʲôֵ飬ҪԴвɴ⡣
ҶСһ仰ʧˡ
һգҶС뿪ƽԭͨ󷨻ص˺硣
һϣһˣһ裬ɾһϪʯ̲ݣһְƽ͵⾳
һڣһ·ͻȻ漴ռŤҶСӰѾ֡
ҶС̧ͷһӳ߲㣬ϧ۵ŮȻգܹϰ꣬ɣⲻǰĲлꡣ
ʫԲ𣬾Ѿվ۷壬ȻܹԲ𡣡
һĲл꣬ҶС絶ʣ˵
ڱʹ֮У˴Сʱ漴ĿᶨʫΣҶ»ҸҪԽֻдƣ뵽Ǹ˵ľ硣
׷ѰΪΪ飬ֻΪػһǡҶС૵
ԵĿ˿ģõգҧҧת뿪ɫָ糣·ʲô鶼ûзһ㣬ԼԺʫ飬Ƿȫĵס
ҶСӰԭȽڵλãϸĲ鿴ţ鿴ŷӡڡ
ӡһ
ڶǵóžħ͸оžħƺͽЩħϵħƣħ˵ЩħҪܶࡣ
ûκε⣬Ӧþʧ⣬Ҳܹ⣬ϾЩµħЩǿߴӡġҶС
ιôվѵ㲻֪ǽǲκ˽ġͻȻ䣬һҶС
ղԼ飬ҶСûв鿴Χû뵽˽ˣ֪
ҶСŤͶȴʶһɫ˶ĹⳤβǶĿ峺
ʱҶСһ˿ļ£ƺоϤһ㣬ȴ벻ʲôط
ѵû˵Ļ𣿡ҶС粻شĻЩ
ûҶС˵ѵ飬׼һλ
㡭ǹġװͰ͵˵˵һ۳˳޾ҶС
һΪѾʥأ俴ʮӣ츳Ѿܿˡ
ҶСȻܹﲢûжȫǺ˺ҶС硣
ҶСЦЦûжܣǻ۳ɵĳ޻ûпҶСѾɢˡ
ǹɴ۾ƺһĻ
񾳸֣ɻʵ
ǰɣҶСЦЦ
ȻǸ֣ҲܴӡħСЩħ㡣ĵѡ
л˭ҵĺӣΪ츳ûȤΪʦĳҲã츳ΪҶСЩĶ


2324 ŮΪͽ
ʲôҪΪͽǹɴ۾һԾӣл¶һ˿졣
ȻΪ磬Ѿվ۷壬ûҵĶ֣ôҶСʵʵ˵͸¶һϢ˳ΪԼǸƭӡ
ҿɲСӣƭҲƭ˭֪ĵһһĵҶС磬ھȻ˵Ѿվ۷壬û֣ţǹĹĵĵҶС硣
ҡ
϶ǸƭӣȻΪܸߣ಻񾳣񾳸̫ˣѾֵǮˣҪΪʦܹҰְ֣ҲҶСһۡ
ְ˭˵һʶҶСЦЦ˵
ŲأٴεҶСһۡ
ʱһǷڵķ
̶ܵʲôϽȥһŮӵ˹쳹Ƭռ䡣
һҶС¶˹֮ɫ
ˣǴˣ㣬㣬綼뿪ˣҲôҵҡЩƵ˵С¶һ˿Ŀɬ
תۣһµŮӱǰŮʱҶСɴ۾ٿ˿Աߵλƺ뵽ʲôһ㡣
㡣ǹ￴ŮǰԴһӡ
ô£ŮƳҶСһۣɢһѾҶС
ߵ˽ظȰ˵Ҫ뿪˵츳ҪΪͽǻˡ͵󻹲һ䣬ƺºŮ˺ҶСһ㡣
ܹĳ
ŶŮ¶һ˿⣬ȻĿͶҶС磬Ĵ
¶һ˿ɻͻȻ䣬ڵǸף
⻰ǹ㶣ƺûзӦ
Ǳ˳ͮҶСεЦЦԼòָ˹
ǹ￴ҶСʱɴ۾һ࣬ƺԼһ㡣
ף̶ΪͽҶͮ¶һ˿Цʵ
⡭ˡҶСƵЦЦ
żƣѾ̶Ĺ붼Ůˣֻǲ֪Ů˭Ů
̶סҶͮҶ̶ߵҶСǰ
Ҷ̶۾ҶС磬Щ棬ɫ
ôоҲ㸸ףҶСҶ̶Դ˵
ǣǣ̶סҶ̶Ͻ˵ȻĽһ
һΪѾһˡ
Ǻǣܹ֮ܺõĿԼѪͲ˥ϡҶС¶һĨº͡
Ҷ̶ߵĵ˵ͷƺоԼĸ׺ܺͰǴ˵еһգ۾ͻնɱܶˡ
ʱҶС罫Ŀ⿴Ҷͮѯ֮⡣
̶ĽѩŮҲǸСŮҶͮ͵
С󣬶ûб㣬Ǹ׶Բ㡣ҶСǨƵĿҶ̶ȻԼŮ˻Уйâ䣬˵ӰһӾʧˡ
һ¥ĿУҶСɳϣҶ̶һֻСһҶС粱ϣҶС绳в
һҶСѯʵ
и׿ٳЩ֮أи⾳ĵطڣһֵӵļ죬ڰǻѾһˣרһ鶼һҶͮ͵
Ǽûʲô˼ɣҶСѯʡ
ûУǶ֪׵ʵοÿιһЩôĸҶͮЦЦ
֪ͨȥҪһǰʧ磬ҪȥĿԱΪ񾵣ȻعѾı䣬ٶҲ˺ܶ࣬Щ¸ϱ仯ʧԾĸ̫ˣѹǵΪӵĸ졣ҶСŹâ˵
õģסҶͮ˵ͷȻ뿪
ףҲȥҶ̶ҶСϴ
Ϊ̫ˣԱûСҶСܾˡ
ǣ̶ףиױ̶һûµġҶ̶˵
Ҷ̶Ŀ⣬ҶСЩϾŮĿǰСŮӳڶûмͬðɣ
ллסҶ̶˵˵
ߣȥңİǡҶСҶ̶߳¥
ףǲǻΪ̶İҶ̶ʵ
ɣҶСЩȷ˵֮һΪӣԺ˭Ҳұ֤
Ҿ֪ᣬȻȥǡҶ̶¶˻Цݡ
ҶСεҡҡͷ


2325 
ŮӣҶСӡΪ̣ôãԼϲ˸ȫŮӰĺҡ޷ˣܵ˺ʱҲʹĥˡ
Ůӣľ˺ˣľЭܣʹҶСľӺȼϣ֮
֪ǼٵģΣȻٵξ
ҶС̵˺ξ׵Ĵξ˳ٴγʹζʱĽţҲˣԼˣһ޷ȥԲĸעǴĸ顣
Ϊʧܵıڴʱ˴ˡ
ҪһˣҪʱ䣬ҪһˣҲʱҶСУ룬֪ʲôǣҡ
һģӰɢгһӰһСŮˣֻźԼϲԶһиŮ֯ǿ䣬ͬҲһΰŮˣܹԼ˵ĸ֣ҲԼ顣
Ժѧһ£Ǳǵȴ
һ뵽ҶСͲԾ˺ʫǸϧ۵ŮӣʫһŮˣҲģŮӣϧֻʣһƲлꡣ
꣬ʧĮϱһŮӣĮʥŮǳ̵ӡ
УǸ߸ϣ࣬ʳ˼̻𣬿УԸһͨŮӣÿϴƽƽ
ҪƲʡһɣԶĽûζʥɽϡ
ҶС磬˸ıˣҶСõɣͬʱҲ֪ʲôµ
ҶСвǽ굱һȵˣڻ᲻ΪŮˣû
Ҷ̶ôһ˵пʼԼС
һֵģ꣬һжҪԼ
ףʲôƺǿҶСˣҶ̶Դʵ
ûʲôҶСЦЦȻһһȥŮǶ
ҶС罨רĵطǽϵ˺ܶƣһЩعļ򻯣ⶼΪŮΪֱӵع
һ¥һͼĵ̺ɳȵϢĶ
ҶСȻͷųԼϢ¥֡
һˡҶС˵Ȼᣬȴ¥ÿһ䡣
Ƭ̺һٵĽŲһɫŮӴ¥ŮĽѩ
ôȥˣҲǰǸԵСˣһػĴĸ
С硣Ľѩг飬һ䣬˹ȥҶСߡ
һˣѩֱƯˡҶСЦЦ˵ȻĽѩӵԼУǲǷǳң
Ͳһ𣿺ӻأĽѩҶСһۡ
ҶСŤͷȥֻԼСŮҶ̶СϹ˷ܶˡ
ȿȣ̶ȳȥ棬ҺЩҪ˵ҶС翴Ҷ̶˵ͬʱʹһɫ˼뿪
ϧҶ̶ûпһ㣬ʹҡԴһԸӡ
ȥҾͲȥʧˡҶСв
ðɣҳȥŮҶ̶Ͳ˵ͬʱԹĿҶСһۡ
ҶСвЭˡ
Ҷ̶뿪ҶСĿȣЩˣһ
˵ţĽѩ㷴ӦĻᣬֱ㴽˲֪ǴſڣһСԴ¶˳һĻ
ȱ𡭡ģôڣӣ㡣ĽѩܵһֻѾ½ڣһϽƿҶС֡
ðɣҶСûǿһѹе
׼೤ʱ䣿Ľѩѯʵ
ʱɣ׼ѰһЩϣٴһ˽ʧ硣ҶС˵
ҪСĵ㣬Ƕϣ㰲ȫȫġĽѩĵ˵
ģڵʵܹ˺ҵˣѾˡҶСЦЦ
λߵЩŮˣ㻹ǶһɣҪȻǵĶҪΪԹˡĽѩЩԹĿҶС硣
ҶСһЦû˵ʲô
ɶһ棬࣬ܿȵȣЩ㶼ȥĽѩٴζ
ѵ㶼ԴˣҶСЦЦʵ
ѾǵСŮˣҪȻܹһֱһϣĽѩҶСһۣʡ
ðɣҶС˵ͷ
ûжúŮ׷״¥ҶСͬʱ˵˼


2326 
ҶСһֱͣһÿ춼ŮҪʲôĲϣȫȥڴһǰʧ飬ҶͮΪҶС졣
Ůһʱ䣬ҶСһֱСѾͷҶ̶һЩǵҪŸȥʧ磬ܲȴް취
˵죬ҶСǴһ߳һֿɶǼŮгȵȡ
ΪҶСĿǵԺת˺ܶ౶˼ԹҲɢ˺ܶ࣬ȻûкǷʲôʵԵĹϵѾ㹻ˡ
ҶСһ¸ľͷҮͻǿǣҲҶСǰʧ磬ҶСûͬ⡣
ΪǵʵЩ㣬ҪҶС约ºʲôʣЩڣܹһıá
ȻҶСܾǵʱ򣬸һʮֺĽͣǱΪЩ̫ͣΪҪЩǿߣΪҪЩǿ߾ͻơ
ڵ˵죬Ҷ콻ҶСһָ涼ϡĸֲϣ½Ĳϣкܶʯ
ȻĿǰΪֹѼЩϻ̫ˣҪƳɾ۽̨ҪĲϡ
һԶһϣҶС羲վĵĵȴţվŮ˷ֱĶҶ죬ŮҶͮҶ̶
ҶΪѾ񾳳ڣҶͮѾڸˡ
ȴƬ̺һ񾳸ֳ֣վҶС棬Щ񾳸УҶС翴һЩϤˡ
żҵѩŲѩֵܣжСǸеȵȺҶСһĸǣնɱ˺ܶһͷǡ
֮⣬һЩǿߡ
Сʱʱ䣬Ѿۼһٶ֡
ͻȻ䣬ҶСĿͶһķֻһɫ۵Ṳ̊նɢųʣƺŴÿһ䣬
ô֪ͨңߵҶСߣѪԹ˵
ʵǲ˼ҶСεЦЦ
̰ҶСһۣҶ̶
䡪
¡¡죬ƺʲô˺˿ռһ㣬ƺƴ֮
ݡ
תۣһн£ҶСǰһӰŷŷģһΪѾ۷塣
Ҳһʧ硣ŷĿҶС˵
ԣֻҪҵİţһжû⡣ҶС˵ͷ
ҶСӦŷû˵վΧһ˶ûУԵøµ
ȴ˰Сʱʱ䣬˶ѾˣҶС綼Ѿ׼ЩֳʱƮһƬѪɫƲ㣬ԶԶȥĹ졣
ƬѪɫƲӽƮҶСһ۱㿴Ʋ㡣
û뵽ȻšҶС¶һĨ֮ɫ
ƬѪɫƲƮʱȫɢȥгһںɫ۵ӣһΪҲѾ۷壬ǺҶС겻ĺ־ǿ
ҲҪʧ磬Ȼ֮гޣһˡ־ǿ£ҶС˵
û뵽ڻܹ㣬ҵѲˣֻҪӰţǲġҶС΢΢һ̾˵
֪εĿǶԸʧˣҲ֪ڲĶ֣һаһս㣬ǲĶ֣֮Ҫһ֡־ǿҶС˵
û뵽㾹ȻִţҴӦ㣬ֻϣܹǸʱ򡣡ҶС絭˵
һʼԺ־ǿȷʵźĳޣʱźԼΪߣǳѾɢˡ
ο־ǿĸһɵġ
ٵȴһʱ󣬼û񾳸ֳˣҶСϵɢȫ֣ÿ˶о˿ֲѹ
˫Ŀɨһ˵δǰʧҪΪΪ˳㿴ʧһʲô磬ʧǶһģǴǺ磬һپ٣һҲ໥֮ûʲôޣ󣬶ҷ³ޣ໥䲻Ҫ֣ҪȻһǻɢ
⣬ҵİţȻҲԲӣɹֲңҪһ㣬Ǻ飬һֶ͸¶ҪȻ֪ˣһὫѹ꣬ÿ춼֮ࡣ
ûУҶС翴˵
ˡЩ񾳸ֶ˵
һ˸ǣǸУǻŲпսҲֲң˭ҪƳھͿԡҶС翴˵
ȴӵʱ䣬ҶС˵Ȼû˳ô
˵ţҶСɳĮжȥ


2327 ©֮
һƬɳĮϣһ񾳸ĵĵȴţҶСڲһǿ󷨡
һõ󷨣󷨻ЩС͵٣Ҫһ͵󷨣һܹͼʮ˵֡
ҶСгȡһ˿ߣЩƣ˿һֺƬΪһĸоƺܹҶСϸع
û뵽׵ΪѾֵزֱǹĻԶҶŹâ¶һĨĽо塣
ѾǷǿˣվ۷壬ǳ˵еǸˣҲ֪׻᲻ɹҶͮ˵
Χ񾳸Ҳۡ
˴ξۼЩУһĸ־ռһ뻹ܹ࣬һķչѾ
ҶСҪģ׼һΪһʥأΨһʥأһŻᱻεС
ʵϣѾ׶ηչˣߣÿ˶һݿЩݿһ䷢ġ
ݿԼĻϢл֣ЩֶһԴĵ̶һգһϽѾͳΡ
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬ⷽռ΢΢һ۳˺һ㽵£ҶС粼õȫ֡
һģһĹâǿռ΢΢ĲѾͨҿֻҪȥУͻᱻͽʧ硣
ԽȥˣһһͣȽʧ˲ҪҶһȥһ޴СҶСĿһɨ˵
ҶСİ£Щ񾳸һҶС紫˽ȥһʱҶС˽ȥ
һĹâ˳ҶСһȫʧֻ˿յ󷨡
ҶСʧʱ䣬񾳳ڸͻȻҶС粼õУ¶˷֮ɫ
ߣߣ󷨱˻ҪȻԶزʧˡһּе˵
Ͻ󷨡һ˵
Ǻĵһˣǿ󰡣Ȼܹó˿Խϵ󷨡˵һ󷨴ʦһɫ·ɢƺҪҶС粼õ󷨶ںȻٿ
ˡ
ҶС粼õΧƺҪͨʧͨ
ߡ
ʱһн٣ǿϣһƬضƺˡ
û뵽񾳳ڸ֣Ȼ磿Сˡ
һؼһҶСȷʵǵ
ݡ
һĨâ֮и£ƺҪΪ룬űȹ⻹Ҫٶȡ

ۿ󷨾ҪˣܵҶСֲϢ٣¶һĨ
ûȫ£˴üĵŵ£һѪ죬궼նˡ
ۡ
񾳸ըѣɫѪĽ
ԶͨʧͨһϮµҶСĹâ
û뵽ȻмСһֱں磬ֻҪڣ˭Ҳ
ʧ磬ƽԭһǳصĳڣңҶСϰ񾳸ֳ֡
ƺǸܵΧؼعѹȵȵı仯¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ѿʧ磬ѾܵˣعǸЩͬռѹҲ󣬾ǵҲܵ˼ƣȫعɵġ
ȻǵΪǸлǰμģǵ磬ǵ׵ĴڣЩ񾳸жҪС˵Щ񾳸ˣԺŵ˵ߵ棬ûκξĻϾͻΪһʬ
ҶС绷һˣĴ
ǿԲţٺ٣һʱ䣬ȥú˽˽磬òҪ뿪ǳأҪȻǲᱣǵİΣע㣬ҪȻᱻնɱģʱ򣬾ҶС翴Щһ˵
һͷڳһͨͨ
̶߰ɣҶСº͵ĿһԼСŮȻͨ˳ȥ
磬㣬ǱءҶ̶ҶҶͮһ仰Ͻ˳ȥ׷ҶС硣
ҶСҶ̶뿪ҵʱЩ񾳸Ƕ
ȻûгȥгŨҵɱѪȣѹܴ󰡣
ߣǳȥ硣һֵһ˳ȥ
Ҳ˳ȥ


2328 ֱ1
ӺЩ񾳸߳˳ôῡ֣ܳȻ˺ֵܶע⡣
ΪЩǴӳԵʣЩ߶ӣ׶Щֶ֣ǳе˭˲֪ҶСڵĸۡ
Ǵĸ²һͻֻʣһ߱ʬ塣
Щ񾳸ֵ˽ֵϣǷĳǳأнֱһЩС̷̰ڷų涫ûеĶЩĿϾӡ
ƺһ֮һ㣬̼˵񾭡
ܿ죬б˺̸ȻǲɵѯʶԷ⣬ڽ̸֮õϢ
ʱҶСԼСŮڳйͬʱҲעЩ˵ĶȻ᲻Щ񾳸ָոսʧ磬ûչԼ㱻նɱˡ
ҶСڳڣûжãձ֣ҶСһСһʱ¶һĨȡ
Ҫ룬ŮյҶС֪ܲʲô
ŮЩ𾪣һֱΪҶСǸû뵽ͻȻͶһŮ
̶ǻգϡҶСΪҶ̶ܵ
㣬ƯҶ̶۾˵
̶ҲƯЦ˵ȻĿͶҶС磬֪Ѱҵ˶ٲϣ
Ҫϵʮ֮һܹѾнһĲˣҪռһЩҪ϶ˡҶС˵
ʣµĲϣܶ඼ΪңҪѺܳʱ䡣ü˵
ûϵֻҪ㾡ˣʵҲ취ɣ
ǣǺƽԭսȻڽ֮Уݵһ֣ƺϾҾӦһ֣ҪȻϵսĻǺƽԭĸֶȫսʱҪԷ͸ϼˡ
֪ǰǱ߻ܹ赲סĹϾųǳΪǵܹҲõһٶǳһ˲ȫݻ١
齨ֵʱһύġ
󣬻һҾͷˣˡ
뿪ҶСҲ˼УݶΧսһҪϷʧ磬ڶδûж˼ǿҪսѵһ
ʤ̭̭ҲȻΪķ
˭Ҳ޷ԤսеʲôʱսĽУÿкܶûвֵĻⳡսעʧܡ
Ŀǰƽԭĸֵ˵̫ԶҸΪҲܶ࣬Ҫ֮ĲֲҪһЩֶˡ
Ҫѵһ֣Ȼְ취ǵΪҶС
ҶСҶ̶һ飬Ҹʧơ
ΣûдҶ̶ȥ棬ָΪȥˡ
ѾͷȻ츳ˣôϰУ춼棬䣬йء
ǰʱһôտţ˭۸ʧ磬Ǻ磬ο綼ǿʵȴԺ˴ңûӦʵ޷ȥ
ڶ죬һٶԼ˵ңЩһ۲һϵİʧˣƺǱһ
˵ĻǲţǾԼ˽󣬲֪ǵΪϸ㲻ʲô
ȻҲ֪ҶСλãĸơ
ҶС˵ңһ˵ǶѾ˽ˣԴˣʲô룿
ǵʵ̫ˣҪվȽŸŬ
̫ˡ
ŬȡͻƵ񾳡
Ǻ츳õһˣĳͦǿģѾʶ˸֣Ҳ֪ǵΪǵ׵Ĵڡ
ǶаȻݣһҪŬ
ԼȥһڵΪ˵ЩѶȣڸһᣬΪĻᣬܹܲץסǾҪǵˡҶС翴˵
ϣεĹâȫУͬʱ˺ѿռ䣬ͬô񾳸˲ʧ
һ·ߣҶСѾ˰ţҪľǵΪٴΣǸǴȥò˶꣬һͬʱǿߡ


2329 ֱ2
ĵشһΪϵĳǳأǳϸʱģ¥̨ҲС
ǳؿƾɲźƽԭЩǳصķ׷׽ҶСϵĳǳؽ޲ҲµĲá
ʱǳǳ·֮£һ޴ޱȵĿռ䣬ռܶһ첲ϸĹЩգ˭Ҳ֪һʲôط
ռУһ޴Ľɫɫڣϣɢнɫг֣ɼɫ̺жôǿ
ɫǰɭɭͷ̳ɵĺһ˵𶯡
ҶС翪ٳģԴΪ֮޲ϵĳǳغ
ռĲܵǸؿռӰ졣
Щ쵽˺ƽԭÿһǳأÿһ䣬һǵѪҺͻᱻεķֽգȻ󱻾ۼΪɫеһ֡
ҶСΪ֪жǿȥǵѪ⾫й򶼽˽ɫĺ
ͺƽԭ֮սÿǲ֪Ҫˡ
Ļ£ۼ͹ѾܿɹˣȻҶСҪﵽı׼һЩѾʹˡ
ռ΢΢𶯣ҶСЩǳ

ǰһĻʱܶ˶ͬʱ˷ܵĹâɫڣأ磬һڣܹоΪЩܹɫУôǵΪԻһ̨ףڸࡣ
ҽһܹΪĵطɫϴǵΪܹ٣ǾҪǵ컯ˡҶС翴Щ˵˵
ȥɣ
ҶСĻ£һ񾳸ֽ˽ɫУǸոսȥɫϿգع֯ɫǺˡ
Щȫɫû

һҽ֣ޱȡ
ɫϴ񲢲ܣʹΪ
ԭӴĵһ㣬һĶһһиѪꡣ
ŲҽķЩ˵Ϊڲϵš
ҶСվڰߣ۾һգգĿһУطһʹãҲ֪ôһᡣ
תۼ䣬͹ȥ˰ʱ䡣
䡪
ͻȻ䣬ҶСоͻǳû췣ٶ¡
ҶС΢΢üܶͻƵ񾳣˹ĹѾı䣬ò˶ã췣֣Ǹʱʧ»һٷչĽ׶Ρ
һʱܿȥˣЩԭΪ۷˶ͻˣ񾳣˵ΪҲ˺ܶࡣ
ڶҶСͻȻ֣ÿһһӱ㽫ǶӽɫŲ˳
Щ˳󣬶һɻ󣬻ãƺ֪ҶСΪҪŲƳǶĿͶҶС硣
ǵΪ˺ܶ࣬ȻǵΪܹҪǰΪջΪǵĸȣƱػӰ쵽ǽС
һµʱ乮Ϊһº뿪ʧޱȣôߣҪһҸʮʱ䣬ʮÿ˶Ҵһ֧ǿĶһǧ
ƣǺ磬ֻ̫ˣһһٽǵǸ磬ʲô赲İΣҪŬȥɣһˣҲǾǿףҶСĿɨѯʵ
ףʲôûСһֿɬ˵
ʲôûУѵûΪѾҸɵģΪΪҪǵˡҶС翴˵
ˡЩͬ˵
ںʱ䣬ǶѾֱ˼룬һεĸı䣬˶ԱΪΣû˻ᱳѡ
ˣȥɣ
ҶС˵һ䣬һͨ˶ŲƵ˸ղҡ
ʱռУֻʣҶСˡ
̣ͲҪȥ洳ˣе֮ҲӦ˵ҺƽԭڽսѾ񾳸ˣҲӦǷӳԼʱˡҶС翴˵
ġ̵˵ͷ¶һĨ
ҲڵʱҪչ˺Լҿɲϣܵ˺ҴȥǰǱߡҶСĵ˵
ǽأ¶һĨЦʵһĨ
㡣ҶС绵ЦһȻ˻Уͬʱʧռ䡣


2330 
ƽԭһֻҵϢŨѪ֮ڿƮ̼֮˵񾭡
ƴսÿ춼кܶѪ죬̺ǿǱܺ͹ЩһĿĹطء
ôĸѪǧѪúܶѪҺȣƺһҪǰս
ҶСűжȥٶȼ죬һСŮһҶС绳Уƺҹϡ
սǸսΪңΪ𾪡Զ͹ɫص˵
л¶һĨ˸УƺΪЩȥ˶˱
ǸУߵΪձ鶼ߣѾ۷ֲսˣҿǿûв룬ҪȻ½СҶС͵
̵˵ͷ
Ҳսϧ˵ֹģܶΪ˸ָԭսЩ˶ԣֻзǿ߲ܹǵۣ˽Ϊϡ
ѾΪ˷ǿߣҶСٶ˺ܶ౶ܻĵشƽԭԶǲӵʱ䣬ҶСѾϵˡ
ʱսѾֹͣˣ˫׶ΣϾߵľޣҲޣֹĽսҪĻһսгǧ


ҶСոսǰһǳʱһϲ˿ҶСжǹ
ˣƽԭǻԶļסǣϿָΪƣһսһԿšҶС翴˵
ǣ
ЩѹеļϽóҩҺö£ָΪ
սʼʱҶСûгֹܶ˶ûмҶС磬ҶСˣܶжǼܹǰۿ˵ⳡսҲΪӡ
վڳͷ֮ϵҶС翴ǳڣгǽЩϢ˵ߣ˵ĸп
һսλ壬ӾЩߣλߵһһǵ
ҶС˫΢΢Ĺ켣ⷽռһƺҶСĶؼĳֹ𶯣ۡ
ͻȻ䣬һз׷׶䣬ȻڽЩڣЩ߶ʱоƣ徫һ㡣
һʮӵʱ䣬Щߵƣƺת˺ܶ࣬ҶСɫЩ΢΢Ĳ԰ס
ôӴҳôʱ䣬ҶСǷǿߣҲЩԲ
˼ҶСɫÿ˺ܶࡣ

ʱ񾳺ڸֳҶСǰĽ
ǶæȥɣҪңôôҲǴһλܹսˣһսʱǾ֪ˡҶС翴˵
˽ĿҶСתƵϣдɻǵȻ̵ܹΪ񾳳ڶѡ
Ϊĸʵ̫ˣǲ׶ôһ֣ʲôȻ˵ģôȻĵ
ǶҶС繧һ󣬱뿪ˣЩ˵ˣвһս
ʮյʱ䣬ոմӵƽһ̼䣬ǷսǾ۽źţҲսס
ˡ
Ƶսÿĵףƺÿһߵ꣬Ҳ̼ѪʵѪҺ
ȺȺȡ
սУѾߵ㣬ѾֻۣҪһ£е˶ͬʱ
ƽԭһսѾкãͬս죬ЩߵȫһУսһ
ɱ
ɱ
ŵж𣬿ֲƶһ̼䱬˳ɵĺײһ
䡪
µĲ˳Ƭռеعƺˣֲˮײһ𣬺¡һ죬Ȼȥ
ǧغ˵УǳؿȻеת赲סЩǳص󷨡
һһʼսһӾ˺֣ܶҶСɨ֮·֣һ˲䣬мʮըѶȵҲһ
һĻҶС·һξںʱͬս龰
ͬĲңͬı׳ݵЩΪ˹˺ƽԭǵսţͬҲΪۺ۶սš
ƽԭĸΪ˱Լļ԰Լ棬ƴ赲š
սûжֻʤʧܡ


2331 
ڿʼ𣿡·ҵս̽ĿͶҶС硣
˿·սƣҶС˵ͷ
âƣŮ·ƮƮ˵ĳ֮
һʹâɢ֯һʯʣʯ
£һɢ߲ϼĹٳ˰ϣ䣬ƺжɢĿ֮
˫ַڹٵ֮ʱ˶ˣƺŹΪһ壬ҲΪعһ֡
ҶСһĿ̣һ̼ģҲʥġ

Ҳɱ֮ӹϴ͸ǿأսЩս˶
ϵڱˣʹ뵽ÿһĵףĹ
Ӱս֣ƽԭһĸƺܵʲô̼һ㣬սֱɣȵЩƺ˱УıʹУǵս½½ɡ
սĵ㣬Ҳıʹһս֮䣬ݾսıʡ
̵ĵ֮£һսʤźƽԭһбУ񾳺ڸֶѾսˡ
ƽԭ컹սܹʲôãѾ֪ˣ˷ܡ
ɱɱЩɶߡ
һɢĴ̼£ƽԭĸս磬ϣԽûжˡ
ƾЩսδ̼սˡ
ˣˡ
ڣĽˣڲִٳ˻ʧ֣ܱܶڲ˲ͣиõöࡣ
ĸ߲ɫѿޱȣĿԶĳͷϣٵŮӣɱɭȻ
˲䣬һϽջĿ⣬Ƕ֪ǺƽԭĿ⣬ž档
֮ʱкֶܶɥϵĺƽԭС
ݺͺƽԭ֮䣬ɽһɽϣۺһ
û뵽ܹⰡһεսˣԩ۸̾һ˵
ӵֻͨܣղŵΪ񾳺۷壬ĸٶһɥĹâ
Ⱥ幥棬ʲôܶ޷赲ֱͿһЧ
ʱʱ򣬾ƾģܶ˶ǳļɵû뵽ˡ
ԣԣû͵ٵ۵Щ𡣡ͻȻ䣬ɫһ˵
ף㻹˵ȷʵЩƺʣѵѵɫҲһ䡣
ûв´Ļµٵ۵õģǲȱȫģڵģ治֪ǸŮӳɳ󣬵ֻ΢΢һ̾˵
꣬ܶǿ߶Ϊٵ۴ģⲻ֪ٵһżеõģ֪µֻĸˣҡۡǵۣд˵Ǹˡ
ۣҪҪɳֽնɱˣɳкɭɭ
ûõģѵûпλ֮ŲѰĹϵŮӿͻƳΪǿߵĿܣҲһǻ¡۵һЦ˵
֪ɳٶ˿¶޷նɱ̣ϾҶС̹ϵǳ
̫ܣǵõĺܶ๦磬ͻƵǸ˵ľ磬棬ǧķд֮ɫ
ۣôоսûʲôãȻй¶ҪͻƵǸ磬ҪʮλǿߣģҸоƺûʲôϵɻʡ
ģģҲǶģ˭Ҳ֪֮ʲôϵģսҪһͳʧ磬ҪǸϽʮλǿߴ룬Ǹʱʱ򣬹ʲô仯ҲǺȷ˵
ʱ˱󣬺ƽԭһҲ˱ˣսĳڣʬ壬Ѫõˣ죬ҡ
л֡
ƽԭĽǽЩ߰ź֮Ƕ̸ͬм֪ҿ̣ҪȻεսҪü죬ʱ˸ࡣ
ÿӦġ̵Ȼ˵
̣ҵӣԺˣİȫҪλˡҶСĿһɨЩ˵
ģһᱣ÷˵ġһᶨ˵
ҶС˵ͷȻ̽һ뿪ˡ


2332 
ҶС罫߶һ壬ԼĻս£̿ʵս侫衣
ĳϽ̵ҪıֻҪˣΪͻƣˮɣ˸Ϊע
ȻҶС罫ﲻΪΪͻƣΪܹƽԭôɱڣźƽԭȻɵ
ҪֶԸ̣ҶС粢ģ뿪ʱѾЩ뱣̵İΣ̵ҪȻ֪̻ҶСŮˣܻ᲻Ŭȥ
ҪҶСǷǿߣһһҲ˺
ҶСص˻ĵشԼĸۡںɨӺЩûһ뿪ǶŬš
֪ҶС罻ǵжأΪʵ̫ˣһСĿ¾Ҫˡ
߽ҶС緢ˮԼŮ̸Ҳ֪ʲô
ףҶ
ҶС˽ŮվĹâ
ţʲôʱҶСĿˮš
綼ˣû뵽Ҷ㶼ŮˮЩζĿҶС磬Թ
Ž㣬㲻õģҵİܶ࣬һҲ޷Ҷ̶һЦ˵
ˮԷɳĨϼһ͵͵ĿһҶС硣
˵ĻСԶۡڡҶСԼŮһۣͻȻ·뵽ʲôһ㣬ԼŮʵҼǵߵʱԸŬôܳˣ
Ҷ̶һС࣬ͻˣ׼ߣȻŽ㡣
һӣһɱС
ԼŮı飬ҶС΢΢̾һԴû˵ʲô
ԼŮ仹СںʱҲٳȥ̰棬Сһ
ξͷŹ㣬ԺһҪŬûУҶСװʮʵ
֪˸סҶ̶ҶСĸ첲
ţһЩ顣ҶС翴˿ԼŮˮ˵
ҶСոת뿪ʱˮŵת
Ҷһ¡
ôˣʲô飿ҶСתɻĿˮš
Ҷ˵ҪϡʯиֲϣĻۣӵвٵϡʯʮҪ⣬Ѿܳʱûлȥˣ븸ǣԡˮſҶС˵
û⣬ʲôʱߣҶС붼û˵
ˮϢ˵һ޴ľϲϾҪƾ۽̨ҪĶʵ̫࣬һ壬ʷƾã۶Ȼʮۺ
ʲôʱ򶼿ԡˮ˵
룬ҶС˵ھȥɣҲûʲô顣
ףҲҪȥŽ˵׷ǳ棬ҪȥҶ̶
ðɣһξʹȥǻʱһҪúҶСĿԼŮ˵
֪ס
̫ƽʢ㲻Ҳǿ㣬ϧһƽʢǵĸֻԽԽ࣬ҲΪİȫǡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
֪ˡҶ̶һ֪˵ӡ
߰ɣֱ鲩ȡҵͬģѾͷ̫ƻˣߵʱѾԸ񡣡ҶСƳһԼŮ˵
㱻ʶˣʧܡҶ̶Ƶ˵
߰ɣҶС翴˿ˣһϼ⽫˾漴Խռʧ
˷ҶС粢û߽ͨǸռͨͨǰݣ˿ݵƣȻǰ˶
ݣǸûܵսӰһ㣬ÿһһߣǰȽһŨ˺ܶ౶
ҶСܹףϾսĵص㲢ݣǲʲôֻҪŬͳˡ
ϵĵģ±ݣȫһŵӣȥĻݻὫúԶ
˶ҶС緢ֶսҲ쳣ңȻһѾȡƣǲżջʧأȻԭؼӹ̷赲ŶԷĹ
۲һ¶ƺҶС
Ÿָĺڣкܶĺֲ
Ҷ̶ĿϾӵĿһУΪˮΪĶиָ壬Լȵȡ
ҶСҲš


2333 ʵ
һ˵ٶȱҶСȫչ鿴ڵһУ˽еķֲһҶС϶ʹУٳȥĵλҲǺһһܺõĻᡣ
һ·Ǳж£;˺ܶຣߣǶĽˮŹ
ֹǷĵģ֪ˮǸŮӣΪ˺ܶĺ¡
ǰƬȺʲôط̫ԻˡͻȻ䣬Ҷ̶ָǰԶһ֮ĹȺʵ
Ǿ˻ʹڵˡˮŽ͵ͬʱ¶˻ĵ΢Ц
Ǿ˻ʹƯҶ̶¶Ľ֮ɫ
Ϊɾšĺ壬ǵԸǵʽܵĶҶС͡
ԭ
߽ʹһƬѲߵЩǿˮŵʱж¶˷ܣ𾴣ǶǱ˹
ˡЩѲߵĺǿǹʺ
ҲڵЩʺĸǻ𣿡㹫ʵ
ãáЩɫ˵
лл棬ˣȽȥˡ㹫һЦ˵ȻҶС縸Ůʹ
㹫Դµ˶ǷĵģҲԵȥʲôֶ˵̬ȣ˸оޱʣǴһ硣
ʹ㹫ֱӴȥݼʡ
ǺǣǰʧԶӭϣҶҪ֡˸ոߵµǰʱʵʹ˳漴һͷʹڵ˳
һǺĻ壬ѪͳΪ߹󣬲ˣò˵Ǿ£Ҳһű
ϴʱʶҶС绹ЩɲΣأֱӼⶼΪԭ򰡣
ȻһһֱǲʾǶ½ϵ鲻ö֪෴Ƶ鱨ҶС飬Ȼһ
ҶСǷǿߵ飬Ѿ֪ˣҪȻҲӭӡ
ڰæ֮УܹԽӼѾǸҶˡҶС˵һ䡣
ʣĸסһʣˮžͱ˹ȥһСŮӵӡ
һ֮ʽҶС縸Ů˹ڡ
ڣһſҹɢɹâӳĵĵŸ߹ʯϣֺ׵ɹڷţ¶дЩ˵ʶҶСӡ
һлСŮĹաʲûڴϣ˴Ҳ࣬ҶСڵϣһֱʾ𾴵ķʽ
ҺҲѣ֮Ͷѣ㲻鷳ҶСһƵӡ
ţƽԭս˽Ž׶ΣҪֳһʤҪܳʱ䣬֪費Ҫޱߣ֮ϣȻǺҲԼĵˣһЩֶ飬ܹġʿҶСʵ
ҲĿҶСǱϴʱҶСŴﵽ񾳺ڣû뵽ʮʱȥˣҶСѾ̤˷ǿߵľ磬츳̫ˣȻҪá
лʣڻʱݵĵ̻ǺǿģǵĿĲΪ˹ռǺƽԭΪ֣սҪȻ綼ɳǿһٽҺƽԭʵڳŲסʱʰҲ٣ϣʱʲҪܾҶСЦ˵
ֻҪڣһܾġ˵¶һĨ΢΢ʧ
ƺΪҶСûнİʧ
Ŷ˵Ҫܶϡϣʵ
ȷʵҪܶࡣҶС翴һһԵˮţȻ˵
ԴҲޱȷḻǿʯģ෱࣬ϡҲ٣Ϊǵı⣬㿴ʲôʲôʷǳ˵
ǾͶлˣȱٴĿʯҶСм
ÿСŮǺѣôҲһѣԴѣһǺܿġ˵
һʱĺԽĻԽ࣬ҪˮһԴ¶ܹ˵켸ҹ
հʱҶСҶ̶뿪ˮҲ뿪ҶС簲ԭĹУҶ̶һ
ҶСĹ󣬺ܶһŮӶǰһӣеĸΪ󵨵ҶС˽ܵĶ
ˮŵĵʧҶС粻һֱ̫̾ˡ


2334 屦
Ļʹ½ϵĲͬʼոһֺĸоڼҵů
ˮǾᣬνһˮһˣϲսƽͣ½ϵƾܹ
ҪȻԺôߣ϶չڴ½ͬʱռ½
ڶգҶСո𴲣ˮźҶ̶˹ʵ£ˮŴҶСǰı⡣
ʵȻҶС׽뵽ȥ󣬷ҶС粻ڣɳŮȻҲнԼŮϸҶС뷨
Ȼ֪ҶСѾŮЩǿǶ༸ŮҲûʲô
Ž㣬ǺıʲôطǲкܶĺöҶ̶ʵ
ŮӶȤҲصĶԽǸȤԸ̽գһЩ
ˮһЦ˼˵ʵҲûнȥֻ֪ʲôط
ɣҶ̶ЩŵʣҶСҲЩš
ģҶû˵⣬Сʱ䵽˱⸽һֱ֪֪ǻ˺ܶĶǸողøʸԭǸطǱ⡣ˮŽ˵ƺǺҶС粻Լ
ԭҶС縸ŮһȻ
ߣǸϽȥҴûнȥκúÿǱʲôطˮĹâһµӡ
ˮŵĴ£һ˴һƬΪĵطﵽǺˮݣʯ
һֻµĸоǵ˹һ
ˮźҶ̶ЩŵıסҶСĸ첲ҲסĿܣƺ³ʲôһ㡣
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ͻȻ䣬һӰӾͳǰ
Ӱֵ̫ͻȻԵʣŮӶסˣȻ
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ܹԱ⼫ΪĿء
˿ҶСˣͬʱĿͶˮţҽһдһ˿ɻƺѯˮŵʲôˡ
ҽһˡˮ˵ȻóһöɫСƬƬɢŰ
ȻǺʴ˵Ȼأ롣һֹ˵ͬʱһơ
ˮŵ˵ͷûջöƬɿ֣ͬʱɢ˵ɫˮһȫöƬУлĪĶһ㡣
ˡ
һ΢΢öƬɢɫâҶС˰ȻâС˲ʧˡ
ʱҶС˷·ڴԽʱһ㣬ΧǵĵΣܶһƬ֡
˼Ǻı⻹˼ҶСЦЦ˵
ŮɻĿ⿴ҶС磬֪ҶС˵ʲô˼
ղǿƬߵķ棬һҲǽ뱦ڡ
óöƬһ͵ĹߣûöƬƿڣããҲѰ⡣
ԭǺǰıòˡˮžȵĿҶС磬ƺû뵽ҶС罫Щܹ
ǺǣΪ̶ҲܹǺ屦һǿߣҲһǿߡҶС͡
ԭҲ֪ʲôʱܹﵽˮЩڴ˵
ȴɣҶСν˵
ɫâİУԽգ·ʧȥʱ䣬˸оóóƺ˼ʮĸоһ㡣
ˡҶС絭˵
ո£ǰȻһ䣬һӾֹʱվһ޴տɫʯͷϡ
ⷽտɫʯͷôСһɵǻ
ȻһǳʯʯͷҶС𾪵˵
Ϳ˺ĵ̣ʯͷޱȣһǳڿռ籩ߣȵγɵģޱȡ
˭ܹõﲻͨһƽ̨ѡ
ʱҶС¶һĨɫղŸоһɨ˲ʧˡ
ǿߣû뵽ȻҲзǿߣϿǲҶСĬĬ
ǱˣֻҪŴ򿪾ˣǸ˵ġˮ˶Сţƺȷʵ˽ʵĵطգ㶢ŲԶһʯ˵
ʯΪɫʯɣһɵĺƣǻǷء


2335 ܶĶ
屦λһգҶСҲǱĿǰʲôط
ƴ̵ʯɢɭɭʯ϶˵˺̵ǿȻûĽ뱦⣬ҶСѾܹľԲͬ졣
û뵽һı⾹ȻֵطˮҲ¶һĨ档
ҶСȻܹоһ֮أпһԿռﵽ˼µķǿ߿ٳġ
ͨŻص㲢ǹ̶ģһֺйɵĹ켣Ƭƶţ͸˲鿴
һͬߵ޴ʯŻǰ
ʱˮ˵Ϣƺˣһɵɫâƣһʥĸоƺ˱һƬƬġ
һĻҶС綼ЩԾû뵽ˮžȻı仯
˯Ĺ飬˵ٻУѰɣ
һϵڴˮſзȻҶСʲôڣǴĲУҶС绹ܹ֪ʲô˼
ˮЩŹڵʱ˫Ⱥһ𣬻Ϊβտд׵ƬǷ
ˮһڴƺѪһ㣬ɫâŨˡ
ɫâסķˮһ㣬ɫâ۳һ˵ӰӰҶСо˹ϵϢһ˿ƴѹ
ʱҶСˣյϢ̫ˣҲ̫ƴˣڶҶСһֳҡ
ǷǿߣԲǣӦǷǿ֮ϵľ磬ҶСаҲѲ˻һЩܡ
ʱˮ˫лһޱȵӡ֣ʯţӰˮͬĶ
ˡ
ʯŷ˵ҲֹǽҪˡ
ڣˮŵٶԽԽ죬һʯŴ򿪣һǿ֣Ҫ˳ʯڡ
ܷӦ룬ҶС翹˲䣬ѹƾǵΪ
֪淴Ļ϶ܹκãΪ˽뺣ı⣬òˡ
һת˺ıС
ˮѾָ˫Ѿ仯˳˿˿ܺ󣬶ˡ
һ޴Ŀռ䣬ΧðģһſϡѵĿʯѳһѶѣһƬƬĲҩɹϡ֮ϡ
֮⣬һѰУһնҡ
߿գһ̫һĻʯɢŹȣ̫ڲĶż緢ģޱȣ˭Ҳ벻ıоȻӵС
һѶѵϣһſŵĲҩɹҶС˵Ǿ޴𺳡
ռ̫ˣԴռȫռһͷֲʷĵҶСѡԼҪĶ
ôĶҪȫ꣬¶ǧöָ
Ҳֻѡ
Ǻ屦еĶ࣬ܶ඼Ƕһ޶ģҿİҪȻҪҵЩϣ֪ҪꡣôĺöҶС̾һ˵
Ҳ֪Ǻ徹Ȼ˶ĶˮҲЩ𾪡
Ļ۰ҶСٴθ̾һ
ѾԼЩط˵ƽԭԴѷݣȻҲкܶղأȽƽԭĸûе̡
ҶʲôȥȺ̶ѰҺöȥˡˮ˵Ŀ˿⣬漴Ҷ̶뿪ˣĿͶ˲ԶһԵŮƷС
ò˵ŮӵƷ̫ˣ෱࣬žӨ貵ĹâȥʮֶˣҲܹгŮ˵
һҶСĿɨһߣ鿴
϶Ǻö뽫еĶؼңվǲܵġ
˺ܾõʱ䣬ҶС罫鿴һ飬ԼҪĲϣȻ
ʯеСռĦȥĶҪ
ʯоĵãܹĸıأҲҪ

ʵ̷ӶԹ򣬺޸ãǶ񾳺ڸֶǿãʮȫˡ
ڶοʱҶСһֹһ߿ٵĽһĶ˴ָС
ûö೤ʱ䣬ԼҪĶȫˣ㣬ֻҪǺöȻԼĴָС
ʵΪûдָҶСŰˡ
һѡҶС緢֣Ķһ룬⣬˺ܶණ
ôĶ㹻һˡҶСһЦ


2336 쵺
ʱŷӦ˹ҪȥѰˮźԼŮ
ôĶ㶼ʧղֻѡȡõĶŮӡ
Ҳ֪ѡʲôѾôʱˣӰҶСͬʱһߣһɨѰ˵ټ
ܵ˼ѹƣҶСҲɢ˶Զ
һҶСڿˮźҶ̶ټʱһһЩŮרõƷ
ҶСһƣŮӶԣЩɱıƺûзС
ǻûѡԼҪĶ𣿡ҶС˹ȥѯʵ
ûУһɣò׽˱һΣõöǲܵģ´ο¸ʾͲˡˮŹâ˵˵ƺЩŮӵƷõĶ
ðɣѡɣѡ˽һҶСЩ˵

ŮûпմҶС磬˷ܵѡһĶ
ƵĿһˣҶСѰһطȻȶĿԼƾ۽̨Ķһ£̣ѾҪĶһ£Ȼ˫Ŀ
ڻʱ䣬һЩ۽̨ҪĶɣҶСȻһЩĲ˳
һͷгһŻ棬¶ȸߵˣһĲϱҶСţڴĹУһööģܹЩϵǿȡ
УŮæµѰҪĶҶСæµЩĶ˿֪
ʱڴˮв鿴ŸҲ
򣬾ٹԶһ̣һȥͺͺģûκĴڿޱȡ
챾ˣʱʹڣ˾סϣסʱΪˣˣϲֲʲô
ǿרŲ鿴ϧʼնûʲô֣ΪĵһƬռĹѰһЩʲô˭Ҳö֪ˡ
ö֮Ҳȴ죬ǿߴϿնҲ࿴һۣϾûκε塣
һԣԭô֣һسʼ߼ԣκζܹ棬ڶǵʲôɢĶеܵӰ졣
Щһ廹ʲôǾҪĸֲ鿴ˡ
ҶСž۽̨ҪʱͻȻһˮͰһĽɫЩɫ춼ǣȥƺһ㣬֡
ɫ֡
ʱһƺɢ˲ʧգǺϵɢ仹ɫǷǿǷȻһħ
һ󣬲ǾħɢھħлһӰЩӰոһðƿնȥתʧƺǺ±ʲô˲鿴һ㡣
˰ʱ䣬󣬾ħʧЩɫĹҲʧΣƺʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
ھħʧûжúǿɨ϶ͣûжúʧˡ
Ͽգȫع;۶ϣһǵۺͷħͬʱһۣ¶һĨء
Ҳ˲Ծĵطħ۽Ŀ⿴ǵۡ
ǵ۵˵ͷƺоħĲȴûκη֡
˵仰ʱǵüƺʲô벻ͨĵط
ôˣѵ㻳⣿ħʡ
⣬кܴ⣬ȥ鿴һ¡ǵž˵
ãߡħ۲ûзԡ
˵Ӱ黯ʧϡ
߶Ϣĵϣħۺǵ˵Ӱ֣վڿУϵɨ죬ƺҪЩʲôʲôûв鿴
Ҫˡħ۽ĿͶǵۡ
ǵ۵˵ͷһƬǻԣƬǻԽ춼ƺ
Դ
ǵۿĸ֣ӡĴ򶯣ĸʱǻԾҵķƺʲôҪγһ㡣
ЩǻԵľҷĵӰǻ۶ɣģޱȣֻܹĴ״ѣڵϵĶһ㶼
ǵбų⣬ҧ˫ֻٶԽԽ죬ӡҲԽԽࡣ


2337 ֤
ǵ۵Ŭƺת˺ܶ౶ǻ۶ɵĵ쿴˺ܶࡣ
䡪
ͻȻ䣬ûκεףո۳ǻԱ˿漴ɢǵɫһ䣬һףȻӿһĨ죬һ֪ˡ
ħɫѿޱȣеʵô£
ԴͨĨкۼȥһʱ䣬ժˣܹصȥҲ鿴ʲôˣֶΡǵ˵
ʱЩߣıĹݣƵȵȼΪóʧˣǳĴ
׷ʲô顣ʱħ۶̲סһֿڣȫû˷ǿߵĺ
һȭȥйеĲ
ȭЯſֲ죬ǼƣƺҪ򴩡
䡣
֮ƽϢǵۺͷħ˶ɴ۾
Ϊڷħһȭ֮£ܿǷˣԻ벻쾹Ȼ˿ûˣʲôΪֵ
ô£Դǵõһ֮ôϵ鷢ħۼΪƵ˵
ǵ˫Ŀƺ޾ǳתʲôһ㣬Ƭ̺˵ٺһȭԡ
ãһˣһƵҵս䲻ƣħۺܲ˵
ʵȫ֣˵ôһ죬ʮһȭ֮£Щ춼飬ʹʧ
ħսУȫƶɢ˳ȥħϣߵĿռ䣬ı䣬γһƬħԨ硣
·ħһС
ơ
ħ۴һһȭٴλӳ
ħۣγһֵֻ֮ȭͷһһǰ⾳Ũɱ¡
ռһ̼ѣƺ˭һȭ֮¶ᱻѹȻ˴ʧ۵һĻˡ
һ¡ľ󣬵ɢٴγǰһ¶ûУƺһ㳾ûз
ôܣȫһħ۵ɴ۾
һβžͰˣڶΣɲˡ
Уԡ
ħۺϾˣвѻ𣬶ҷŭޱȡ
ˣôŬ¶ˡǵ˵Ȼٶ£վ˵ϣ£ûжκεһץһgץС
Ȼǵ¶һĨ⡣
ʲôȻ㷢ʲôħ۽ʡ
ûĻӦ󷨴ڣҪȻʵ綼顣ǵۻɵ˵
ԭһΪҵʵ˲ˡħۺٺһЦ˵漴ʵ￴󷨴ڣ
оǵ˵
оħһˣһһȽϸߵ˿
˵ţħһӱʧˡ
ǵɫصĿһУ֪ʲô
һӵʱ䣬ռ΢΢ħ۴һ˳ϣѾ񾳺ڡ
ħ۴ˣ𣿡˹ʵ
㿴ʲô󷨵Ĵڣħ˵
ǣħ۴ˡ˹˵
ɢһϢ˫Ŀ䣬ƺ֣ҽ֯
һСʱʱ䣬˻ôһ鿴ӣħ۵ȴĲͷˣ㿪ʵʲôûУ
ûз֣ЩɻĿ˷ħۡ
ʲôһôܣһȭȥһ¶ûУ󷨵ͨͨ滳ǲƭңϸͲСħ۴ŭϡ
˶ͷ亹ֱϽ˵ԣԡ
ϽҲ鿴Ҫǲ鿴һȻ㣬ֻ֪ҪԴļһħۺ˵
˸Ͻ鿴ƺҪȻħһʱţҲԽԽˣͷϻƶСĺ£ħ۵ɫҲԽԽѿ
ףԣʲôĲͻȻ䣬ƺʲôһ㣬¶˷֮ɫ
ʲô첨òƭҵİɣħ۵ɫܲƵʵ
ģġ˽˵
͸֤һ¡ħٴʵ
мΪˬ˵Ĳаǲ۸Ӳͬ󷨵⡣
֤һסˡ
ôûа취֤𣿡ħɱϡ
ǵһƺ˼ʲôͲˡ
УУУ롣˸Ͻ˵
һ󱯰ħ۴˽гΪʲôõ飬û뵽Ȼ£ոȷʵһЩѰĲҪ֤ȴ֪ȥ


2338 ɫ
˼ţĵҲѣ֪һ֤ħ۹Ȼնɱһѵٲ˵ġ
ˣְֻ취ˣеĻҪħ۴˵ĳͷˣ
һâгһԲεĶԲεĶһһ㣬ɢɹâϻ·
Щ·ͲΪ̵ģγɵһ㣬Ϊ̵ĶۼЩ·̫ˣûһ˿˿覴á
֮µõĶһĺôǵۺͷħɻϽ͵
˵ţнɫ·ĶС
ˡ
һ΢춯öԲεĶеĽɫƷƬռƽĺͶһöʯӣȦȦ
ͬʱһֻֻһööдûǵɫĲС
ˣˡͻȻ䣬¶˷ܣͬʱһĨ𾪡
ǵۺͷħ˫Ŀ΢΢һͬʱһ
ֻǵɫɢĵطüˮͰһϸĽɫֶЩֵĹֻϸСĹ飬Ŀģޱȡ
ǵɫȻֻԲʮ֮ڵĽɫԭ˳ôһǣƲϵ
̫ˣҪóֶҪöͨ󷨵ķǿߡ˸̾һ˵
ˡ
ʱͻȻ䣬ԲϵĹâɢЩɫɢΡ
һĻһЦûеʲô߾ʹ˷ħۼΪˬ
ǣħ۴ˡ˸Ͻ˵ȻΪһʧԶ
ʧ꣬û뵽ղŷ顣ǵ۶ЩƵ˵
ЩɫĹó˿²ǷǿеǿߣһҲмߵ裬Щɫ̺ĺܶҶסħü˵
ԲǸʱֱֵʣϸʱĸµģҲϸʱ˭Ҳ˵
ЩħѵǴðģѵһͨڣħԺɻ
ӦǣǶйɣһ£ȻоħĲ²õôʲô⣬ղµǸֻܹһֵĽɫ֣ûʲôãֻнȫĽɫֳǲܹǵٴ˵
ãȷʵҪһ£ϾǹϵĴ顣ħ۵˵ͷ
ʱҶСȻƶž۽̨ϵĶ˿֪淢飬Ȼ֪ˣϾ紦սʱڡ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ҶСǽһƳɹˣƺõĶս˴ָС
ףѾѡԼҪĶˣŮ֪ʲôʱѾߣҶСʵ
ҲûеȶáˮźҶ̶˵ͷŮܸˣһ֪Ǿѡ˷ǳĶ
߰ɣڱѾ˺ܳʱ䣬ٲȥĻºʾҪżˡҶСЦ˵
ģҸʲżģĶô࣬ͲáˮǳǳһЦ
ԸɣҶСֻЦЦû˵ʲô
ĶǷǳ಻٣ǼΪҲôһ㣬ҪǺ֪˺ܶ༫ΪĶҶСˣ֪᲻ôȣּ䣬ҶСԼãǼһ
ȥ·ߺͽĻһˮŴӡеġ
ڳˡ»صʹ󣬶סĳһ
ʴ󣬴Ŀǰµһǰˮޱȹ˵
ãˡˮ˵
ҲһֶµĹģˮô˵ɫһĨ
˺಻ͬ˵ƺˣһĺãͻжأ˹Ķǣ˽׶ŶԷҪȻԷˣͲ֪ô¡
ˮŵĴ£㹬µ߶ȥ
һ·ϣ˶̸˵ԼڱеջǻԼõĶ˳ҶС翴
Ҳ˱һЩΪĶҶ̶óһ׹ҶСͷּΪ
ö׹ȻСȴص󷨣ϸĶѽС
ҶСȫĽУҲûаƳɹǵ׹Ҫ߳ˮƽҪмõĺʹľԼʱ䡣


2339 ۵ĺ
Ȼûмʣǲ룬֪ҶСôޱȵĶ󣬾Ի۲ѡ
ûжõʱҶС˱߽µʱѾУҲڷźˣиζ¶
£Ѿ뱦ܶˣȳһ㶫ɣЦǺǵ˵ͲǸʣһĸס
ȻⶼΪҶСʵǿˮڵԵʡ
лҶС˵
Щɹȵȶȴû˿·Լһ㣬޹˼ɷſ˳ԡ
ӣϲסĹҳЦݡ
ƺѾԵĲˣʿʵ֪ڱнԼҪĶѰҼȫûУ
Ѿˣ⻹ҪлʣҪȻҪҵôĶ֪ҪѶ꣬εҶסˣʲô飬ʷԸͿˣֻҪܹ쵽ģһȥ졣ҶСм˵
⻰ϹҳЦݣȵľҶСһ仰Ķ֮ܺһǱ޴ǿ߽һԵ˭ϣ顣
ʣû뵽ǱеĺöôࡣˮЩСС˷ܲ
صʹָֻСдƤСŮһ㡣
֪Ƕӱóʲôѯʵ
ʣһ׺ƯĿסˮ˵ţһ˳
һ׳ʺɫϸҲޱȣϸתһ֪ͨĶҶСΪҪƳҪѺܳܳʱ;
һóҶСԿ˺΢΢˳顣
֪㻹óʲôʲɫʵ
ˮźܸˣӱóĶһһչ˳
кܶĶȻЩãһЩԼŮõģԼˣʲôüƽϵġ
Ǳ뷨һӾͨˡ
·ܵˮŵĸȾҶ̶ҲӱõĶһһչ֡
ҶСԼŮ͵㣬ϾǱ˵ĶŮĵӣҶСͷο뿴۵ӡ
һʼʱҶ̶óĶô󣬲ƯһЩЩʶһ
Ƭ̺󣬺ʵɫͱˣҶ̶ÿóһʵǶһ飬ǵҶ̶ö׹óʱ򣬺ʵıӷḻˣһ֪ö׹ޱȡ
û뵽ǴҺıоȻôöö׹ֻҪϣܹʣܹԣǿķã˵ǵһΪԼƳĶʽ͵
ޱȣҶС絽˵ҶСԼ뱦ѡʱ򣬱ЩˣȻ뻰Ѿ˵˿ڣͲܹٷˣοҲĽҶС硣
ڿһĶʱӺˡ
˵ʵڵģ˴ӱóö׹ҾҪջȥСŮϵôãҺԸˡʷǳƵ˵
֪Ҷӱóʲôʵ
ŮڴĿҶС磬Ƕ뿴ҶСŪʲôö
ҲҲûʲôĶǲһЩʯϡҶСЦЦ˵ûдó
ףҶóǿŮͬ˵ǿҵĺģһЩζ
һЩʯͷѣûʲôÿġҶСٴ˵
ȻֲסŮиŮӵĿұ죬պεóһһСʯͷ
һʯͷӨ͸ˮһ㣬Ư˵
ʯʯͷó˲䣬ʾһ
ӺʵıϿ֪ʯͷޱȡ
ʣʯʲôˮɻʵ
ҶȻˣҺ屦ΨһһʯȻˡʷǳƵ˵
ʯв̺µĿռ򣬻ʱ֮У߿΢Сռ䣬иıʱã󷨵ĻЧѣⲻһֵĺôܶĺôܹ˸ʱռȵá
ʮ۵˵ҶСдһ˿Թ
ⶼҶʯûбʲôģû뵽ν뺣ıջḻлˣҶѾסġҶСܸ˵˵
ȻϸˣȴޱȣΪöָжһЩʯóһЩչ־ˣû뵽ʯҲöָУǡ˳Ⱑ
ʯ󣬽ҶСóĶʶûôѾ۵Ĳˡ
Ů̸ֵҶС翴ɫͻȻһ䣬Щɻ


2340 
ɫ˵һ˲䣬¶һĨľϲࡣ
ҶǺĴ롣ʽĿͶҶС
Ĵ񣿡ҶС¶һĨɻ漴뵽˵ﺣ屦ʱһɨǼ϶ͣƬ̡
ѵķǿߣҶС롣
ˮźҶ̶Ҳ¶һ˿ɻƺźʲôˡ
ʣҲȥ𣿡ˮѯʵ
У̶߻ȥϢһ£ǺܿͻֱӾܾˣȻܳ谮ŮЩҲܹԣĵλû˱
ðɣ̶뿪ɣˮƵĴҶ̶뿪ˡ
鷳ʴ·˶뿪ҶС罫ĿͶ˺ʡ
ã˵һȻµһ˽ȥҶСȥ˿һۺˣʶԴҶС̬Ⱥܹ
һжΪҶСΪԵʡ
µĲ߳ȥ󣬱һȣһȵϿ̻źܶͼƺڽĳּ룬ھʲôʲôʢĻһ㣬һЩͼսġ
һĿͼڶ˵һʷ
ЩǺʹڵģҲ֪˭̻ЩƺǲҶСĿ⣬ΪҶС͵
ҶС˵ͷȻźǰȥ
ʹǳûĹһ㣬һЩ·ȵطˮĹ⣬طͺܹĿиֺĴڡ
ǿ쵽ˣǰƫƧĹˣҲĽأûк˵ٻҲܹС˵
ԭǺҲһɭϵĵȼƶȡҶСЦЦЩһһоܹ
ҶСǰʱд֣Ԫ
ַǼΪϵ壬ȻڵЩƣȥ˺ܶࡣ
֨
صĴŷ˹϶ƺ֪жûпһ㡣
һϵӴڴ˳ͽ롣
ҶС΢΢Щȣû뵽νĺȻƺ档
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2341 ԭʼ
ŮӣҶС΢΢һ㶣ȻϣŮƣҶСһɫС輸λϡ
̬Ѿ˸߰ļӣҶС翴Ǻһȼ
û뵽ʧ羹ȻǷʱҲΪһЩĿҶС磬ƺҪҶС翴͸
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ŶҶС¶һĨɻ󣬲֪Ϊλ˵ֻ
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ʲôȻ飿ʲô֤ݣҶС󾪣˵ĻǺˣʵ
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2342 ֮
ǰһʱ䣬ʱЩֵĲлͺǷ˴սǸ˵Ĳлֹѵ˵ҲıҶСһ顣
пܣʶҲ˵Ϊ˳ɾ˭Ҳ֪ⱳмڲ߻£һָоȵƬǿշչΪ貵ķʢʱ򣬾ͻֳһ˵ԼĲ롣
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ƺڴǿߣȻô˵ģҲ֪ģû˵һεսΪȷʵЩ⡣


2343 ħ
ȷʵЩԾǲǸṩʲôҩҺüѯʵ
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2344 ħ
մһֽת·ǳ˵ڶ̫һ㣬һ۵Ĺâأǹ飬ûʲô赲
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2345 ҶС
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ڳͷϵ˶սϺܶɢһƵľħЩħֱɢա


2346 ս
ҶСһ֣ۺ˵ɫ˱䣬û뵽ҶС羹ҲɣֲŪ䣬뵽Щڵľħɢ˳ɢ
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ҶСı£һħ¶˳ЩħϾħϣͬī֭һ㽫ǰ
аϢΧһЩǲᶨ߶ܵӰ졣
֡
˵֣ϱ˿ֲƣҲһǶÿµƽЩħħˡ
նɱЩħ
ۣۡҶС綼׷׶սϵ
һ˲䣬϶ǿƣ׷Щħնɱȥ
ʲôǽѹĶһЩħѯʣüȻܹЩħĿ¡
ɣЩħմȾ˾ħüΪаǶܹж͹򣬱ΪԼĶԼҶСΪ̽͡
Щħߵв̫ˣ֪Ǳûзʲô顣
ģǱ߻һʮʹڣǵΪѾ񾳺ˣͲ³ʲô顣ҶС簲ο̡
ʱս϶ǿǶնɱЩħħƻĴڣûбϣֻҪɣΪ
ѾصвߣʱΪħĻҺܶ߶֪
ڷǿߵ£Щħһֻֻնɱ
طƶһ㣬ΨһõıĮĮ̫ˣսΧҲɢĺܴմͷ۲ѡ
ЩħҪնģҪȻֻԽԽϾ
طûö೤ʱ䣬ЩħȫնɱˣȻˣûһиģ෴ǵɫޱء
Щħһ֣˭֪жħ뵽УЩħ˭Ҳ֪Щħ˶ڡ
Ҷҿƽԭ֮սͣһ£ôնɱеħۿҶС˵
Ѿ໥սʱˣǹͬԸħֵ飬˵ħвģʲôͳһʧ磬ѾҪˡ
սǲЩͻȻǺƽԭΪεս׼˺ܾáҶС绺˵
ҶС⻰ۺжһЩ죬Щ̫õԤС
ⲻҲΪǴҹͬ档Ц˵Ȼһɵر飬ʵһ㶼ɡ
˵ˣ㿴ҺƽԭЩߣ磬һͣս뷨Ժƽԭܲħ飬ӦӰ첻󡣡ҶСν˵
ۺ˵ɫ̫ÿ
Ѿ֪ҶСǺˣҶСò£ôȫˣ¡
ۺ˲ϱ任ɫҶСЦЦ˵ʵͣսҲǲܣҪһܲʲô˵㣬ʲôʱͣǾʲôʱǾ²̫ðɣ
˼ǣ̽ʵȻ֪ҶСҪôˡ
ȻҲ򣬲ΪںЩħЩħɳǺܿµ顣
ݸһսʧѣǩһһǧٹЭôҶС˵
вУУ⳥ԣһǧЭ鲻У̫ˡ붼ֱӾܾ
һǧ꣬Ҳ˵ģģսȥκβҺƽԭҺƽԭҲκβݣȻսܹúܶǿӱǣӱ˲һܹߵ󡣡
սĲǸˣ壬ǶӦڷǿ߲ս£һսû壬ͳһˣΣˣƬطҪΪ˵ĵ̣ҶС翴˵
˵ɫƺЩɶҶСٴ˵ЩħѾˣ»иħ֣ʱǻսҪѡһĻǲÿʮ꣬߶꣬һʢı׶εĶУһܹ˲Ų˷ѵ
ۺ໥һۣȻͬʱĿͶҶС磬һ룬ǻҪһ¡
ȻԡҶСЦЦ


2347 ͬ
֮ۺ뿪ҶСҪúÿһߣһ¡
Ҫͣս½ҪҪȻսǱͣսƱػӰ쵽ս֡
뿪ҶСȻǳУɳһ֣ƽԭѲӣһʲôⷢ
ҶС罫ħΣԡлһЩ˵ЩˣǶ
ǺƽԭжطҲж׷׶ڲ鿴һЩеħ
ҶСͣȴǿ۵ĺϢоЩǿ߾Իͬģս½ƶǳĲοҶС˵ǷҲûе
ǽͷС¥УҶСԶƷζŴζЩزطûС
ͻȻ䣬ҶСɫһ¶һĨ΢Цƺ뵽ʲôƺǲʲô
ôˣ̿ҶСһʡ
ˡ
ϣΪҲѵûʲô뷨𣿡̺ĿҶС硣
ⲻΨ²ѵҪҽµĺŮ˶Ȣ˲ɣҶСһεӡ
ѵһѾôˣÿһΣһЩԹ˵
ҿԴ׵Ĳѩˣ㡣ҶСЦһģҲôֹеŮӣʱ٣ܶ鲻̫⣬ںܶණѾˡ
ҶС΢΢һ̾ƺ˺ܶ࣬һɲɣ֮С
ڣ̫飬ﶼЩƣһƽ꣬һ·ߵĿĥѣߵһоЩҡ
һöıһΪö壬Ѿʧ磬ҲʶôŮӡ
ڽ˷ǿߵľ磬ԽоöĲһ׹Ƭǿ֮Ĺ
ԭʼΪλᶮһ㣬Ҫԭʼˡ
ʱ¥Ŵ򿪣һɫװŮ˽ǻеʥĸϴһ㣬ʱʱǷ۵
̻ǵĳա
ˣɻˣһʱ䣬ǸѰһЩϣҪЩϻܶࡣһ۵˵
ˣһЩСɣЩزҶСָһλ˵
ǾͶлˡҲûпֱƷζЩĶ
λ㹫أʡ
ȥĴתתˣղħǿҺģЩ塣ҶСЦЦԺ󻨳ϾͻˣǰѰҵ˴ĲϣѾ㹻ˡ
ģ¶һĨϲɫ
ӣ֪ʱˣѼЩϣܶľ
Ȼģҽ˺ı⣬һҪȥղѾ˵ħ飬ЩħѾ˺ƽԭҪտһ£ȴݵǿߣ˵ҪԵͣսˡҶС翴Ż˵
ղŻΪɣû뵽ˣǵո̾һ˵
ǺǣⲻǿɣҲΪǺƽԭ룬ȵѪ޼ͻɺܶࡣҶСЦЦ
ͻһʱ󣬻ձ뿪ҶСһЩĲҩԴܹһζѹե飬ʱ򣬻ҪһЩôӣܹΪŷ
뿪ûжãˮűˣ˵ĻǵӣҶСԵҡҡͷȻ˳ȥ
˽һʱʧЩǿߵߣΪ˴һ׺ϻ֮սɡ
ʱ䣬ߴǿ߽٣ǶҶСڵǳϿգһƣӡ
оǵϢҶСӰ֣ǵʱҶС粻ѯʵô£һս
ͱˣȥĮһˣǱߵ̫ˣǾסķɢĮ̫ˣҲӣһ·ѰңôȫѰҽħѾһ˼ŽЩĮħȫնɱħ΢΢һ̾п졣
ǺǣĮǽĮմۣմ۶ˡҶСЦ˵
մһû˵ʲôȷʵ˺ܶ࣬ʧ֣ܶ˴ԴΨһĺôǶһǿ߶顣
Ǽ£Ǽԭ϶ͬ⣬Ͳ˰ɣϾǶˣһ㣬ħĳֵĻƽԭǵۿҶС˵
û⡣ҶС붼ûֱӴӦ
ҶСʹĻش˶һ㶣ΪҶСּۻһû뵽ҶСôʹ졣


2348 ӡ¶
Ȼͬˣ֮ƶһԼɣǽҪڣҪЩͬʱн⿪ɨһ˵
˶򡢱ԭĮЩǿߣе˶ƻаҶС絭һЦ˵
˵ļǣǰĿһ˵˶֪ҲһȻҲ֪˶һϣԺԴЩħмĺô
֪ͨȥǰɣĵҪǴһ¡ʱǵü˵
Ҳáڷǿߵ˵ͷͬ
ǶԼصĴѶʽԼµĸִѶʱ䣬Ǳ㽫Լˡ
Ҳ߰ɣǱĻ»ỹиľħħʧ硣˵һⱬһӴһռͨ
һ룬ʧ˳ͷˮǶûȥִ飬ҶСҲȥκϣϾڶǷǿߣŮȥͲʡ
ߵĵϣȻģûһ˿Ĳһŵĸо·վߵĵϣƾж󣬶
ͻȻ䣬Ŀռ΢΢һа˾ͳ
죬ǵĲ鿴ȫɫǣһ޴ķӡӡ϶𻵣ҪȻЩħħҲ֡
վգָ·ĵ쿴ҶС˵˶ĿͶҶС磬ƺҶСܲһ취𻵵ķӡ޲á
ҶС˫Ŀбųһϼ⣬ϼϣֻϼⲻסĲǿˮһ㡣
ҶС֪ϼӦҵĲ
Ȼ죬ΡҶС˵һ䣬Ȼ£ϣҲ׷׸ҶС磬ƺҪҶСôϵĽɫ֡
һξҶСͣ˽Ųȷʵһӡһܹжʲôķӡ
¾Ҫ鷳ˣһϣǼ㡣ۼΪϿҵ˵
ҾҶС˵ͷ
ͻȻ˫ĿбųεĹâιâҶСǰĿռҵĲſռĲɫ֡
Ȼǿķӡа˺ֹܶ϶һ˲õģɶֲõġҶС¶һĨ֮ɫ
ôаսַӡ޲ȫ𣿡ħЩȲ
ҶСҡҡͷһЦ²ûн󷨻ԭͿʲô⣬Ҳûа취𰸡
ȷʵһЩ㲻֪Щħ̫ɶˣеľȻð׽ЩˣҲǷǿߣѾˡħɫ˵
ҶС˵ͷ׼һ
ϣҶСΰεضվգӸ߿й۲Լ׼ȷķȵȡ
Ƭ̺ҶСƺѾʲôһ㣬˫лһööγɣЩĺܹɵƯУ
ЩĵĹնһ޴İṹľ޴Ŀγɡ
ö޴ͷģҶС绨˺ܳʱ䣬ҶС۳öͷġ
öͷĹնɺҶСһЩ̺ǿع΢һǰ
öķֲĶϱĸλϣȻ伤ɲǼ䣬öͷĶո߹ա
ӿȫͷУȻӷ籡â䣬öĶϵâһƬȫ֡
ˡ
΢΢춯춼ƺ΢΢Ĳ
ŵ΢΢һɫڵ¶˳
ûãϵĽɫȫ¶˳Щɫޱȣ̺ŶԵع
¶˳ϵĽɫȫ¶˳ħ¶һĨϲǿҲһ
ϽѰң⡣ҶС翴һ˵ϸĹ۲Щɫоеַ漰ع
ҶСĻǿ߶ϸѰ޴ķӡʲôط⡣
ʱĵֲϢſµƣƺµľƿؾ顣
зǿ߶ɢԼȥ鿴
ˡ۵һЦ
ҶС΢΢һ㶣һӱʶĮķǿߡķǿߣϻġ
оҶСˣǶ໥ʶ


2349 ޲
һɫۣŵŰݱ֯ЬĿɮһһĮķǿߣҲǵҶСʥɽϿɮ
׼ʥŮȡ֮ˮ߳һû뵽ҶСƻˣΪǿߵʱƳ˺ܶࡣ
һƬ˳ӿƺźޱ޼ʵƣǿҵˮԪزǶۡ
Ϸ۷·һˣһԽռ䣬һӱϡ
þò۽ҶСк顣
ȷʵһʱûмˡҶСЦЦ
Ҳ˹ҶС絭һЦ˵ͷȻĿͶ¶Ľɫ
ô£ۺ濴ЩɫҶСʵۺĮǿ߶ĿͶҶС硣
ǵĿ⣬ҶСΪǶҶСĻһɫҲ˵ǰ½ơ
ħ֮Ѿ˿̲ݻĵزˣսҲǸԼҲͬ⣬ƽ͵Ľ⣬˭Ըսأ˼һ˵
Įǿߺ۷׷׵˵ͷǶͬ
ͬͺã󣬾ûսˣΪʮһȸײֵıԣǻҪȥ죬ڻ鷳λܹһѰһϽɫȱڣЩħȻܹʧ磬ӡϳһܴȱڡҶСɫص˵
ãû⣬ȥѰҡ˵ȻԷֿѰϣӡȱڡ
ʱһСʱǵ۵ˣɣ״
ǵµ˲䣬ಣһȫǵߡ
ϵһɽȣɽڣҲĽɫǵǰĽɫϳһһСĿ
˶оһаϢһϢĻᷢ֡
ħȻˣЩħħ붼Ǵðġǵɫѿ˵
Ȼҵȱڣ˵Ķ
ȱ˭Ҳ֪˶ʱ䣬жپħðڣҲ֪жħ硣
Ҷ֪ܲ޲ϣǵ۽ĿͶҶС磬д֮ɫ
ҶСϸ鿴һ£ҡҡͷ˵ҪȫֲͲܣӡǾۼʮǿߣϰ񾳺۷ֵ겼òöɡ
Щ˶󷨴ʦΪ˲󷨣Լ˵ԼΪӡⲻһ֣ô󷨴ʦعйͰ˺ܶع򣬶ҲܽЩعɣҲḶԼһкܶҪ
⻰˵Щǿߵɫ˱䣬һѿޱȣûа취ĻʧӴ˺󣬾ҪЩħвˡ
ǱЩħʴγɵģβܵĻԽԽӡȫ˭Ҳ֪ӡǷӡһƬأǷӡͨͨҶСٴ˵
ѵûа취޲һ취ûУۿҶС硣
ҶСϵ裬ѾʶˣҶС綼ûа취Ļ¾ûа취ˡ
УֻܹӡסһʱѣӸϲܹ⣬Ҳ֪õķӡʲôʱѣһ죬Ҳһ꣬˭Ҳ˵׼ο󷨵Ѿʧ˺ܶ࣬ǿɫڲ̺Щܸһûк󾢵ĸоò˶ãӡͻȫѡҶСǳĿ˵
ǶĿͶЩɫڲ˲䣬ǵɫ͸ѿˡ
ɫ飬Ժ˵ɣΪؼȽ޲ϡǵۿ˵
ãȽ޲ϣȥңû©ĵطҶС翴˵
á˶˵ͷȻɢʣҶСǵۡ
ҾͲˣ￴ţʲôͻȻһܼʱæǵۿҶС˵
ҲãҶСĿһǵۣ֪ǵǺʲôֽţ˲
Ҫֽţ¾ЩǿȫǶһܹ
ҶСһ˫ּ䣬һϼ֣ЩϼⱻҶС۳һϸ΢˿ߣЩ˿߼һϵеĲƣۺϣγ˸첲ϸҶСĿ£ϼ۳ɵǽɫ۳ɵں
ܳʱʱĹǸڱֲֻҪϸ΢ĲֲϾˡ


2350 չ
ҶСһæµ֮£ǸѨڱֲˣȻ޲ĺۼΧЩɫ룬Ѿ㹻ˡ
ʱǿ߶Ѿع飬ǶĿҶС޲Ǹ
ôҵѵĵط𣿡ҶСһ΢ָһ£ĿͶˡ
ûУѾ鿴ˣûз֡ҡҡͷ
ûоͺãҪˣʧ½ս״̬ҶС˵漴ָ
־磬ʱضҪԼҪﵽ۷壬Էָֹ֡
ʧȫָ˹Ϊһ˿˿
ˣҶѾָˣ̸һ¹ͣս顣Ŀһɨ˵
Ƕ֪ͣս飬ھһ¾Ķ磬һǧĸʱôȵȡ
һһݱˣڷǿͬʱԣѾƶһ˭Υôܵصسͷ
½󣬸˶˻Լأߴǿ߷˱
֮ڶһΨǿɳԼĸ֣һʧܣǻٺܶĺܶѣ˵ӭʹԸ⿴ġ
ҶСһ𷵻غƽԭںڣϵرá
ӽ쿪ʼ糣ĽͨˡϴЦݿҶС˵
ȷʵˣŻ۴ˣҪϻĵİһ̻治˵ҶСм˵
ǲǰһСæΣϻĺͺƽԭڵ
һ죬ͬҶС˵֣Ҳơ
ž
ƵĺϲҲʾŴӴ˺ϻĺͺƽԭĺν׶Σĳһ죬ҶСҲȨߵʱ
һκݶսϻЩ֣ҲʧһЩҶСϻصĲЩǶҶСûһԹԣ෴ҶС磬ҶСʮ㡣
žսǸطԶһǳڳд󷨵ĿЩֶͻ塣
ҶС㴦սʱ򣬱һЩһּ˵ĲжЩս׿Խ˵ĽжһЩսӵߵĳͷ
λ߶ʩؿܹµ𾴣ܹܺõ쵼һһԻ͡
ս֮飬ȥҶСһڵʱ䣬ҶС㰲Щسս
һħ;ħȺУǵѰһش⣬ϴСҲҪȥСɴ
֮ҶС硢̺Ůһ𷵻˻ĵشǱߡ
е鶼˻մڹ滨һѺ֣ͽ̻ǹĺܺãû˸ҲӣһΪΪһΪ
ԼŮչˡ
һаٺ֮ҶС糹ױչأʼƾ۽̨
Ͽգɹγɵľ۽̨ѾʧˣϾǶģѴﵽõı档
ҶСչؿʼʧ綼˶ԸħһµУħΣޱȾ޴󣬺ܶЩȺеħ˳ͬʱնɱ
ھħ飬һֱȾߣץ˳һûбץȻš
ȻҲΪħǱڣ䣬Լ
ħ飬һʱ䣬Ӵ˺ʧƽ׶Ρ
ƽԭĮ̲ͨϻ̣ͨҲϻƽԭȻϻǱҲ˺ƽԭĸֽϻģȥϻ
ҶСչǰѾÿʮһԵĸײ߱Ե֪ͨȥҸǣȡ˽ϺõΣн
ϢеǶﱸÿһ˶뿴Ǹ׶εʵҲǸ磬ΪǸĲߡ
ʱҴңת۾Ѿ˵һεı֮ڣŵһεıԶΪӡ
˴αԵʥǿߵıԣαǿߵıԡ񾳡񾳡񾳣׶εĸֶС
Ȼ˵еЩĸֶУֻһֶѡ
涨ÿһʥǿߵܳһα񾳲ܹǧ񾳲ܹһǧǿ߲ܹ٣񾳲ܹ١
һεıԣҶСȻڱչڼ䣬εȫɻոȽһڲıԣЩҪμӵĸֶѡ˳Ȼǰݽбԡ


2351 
һεıԣǳ¡أΪεıԣߴǿֿռ䣬ռֱӦߵıԡ
ȻռĹҲͬÿһߣǿռв˲ͬĶܹٽЩΪĶ
һƴıµʱ䣬УʥһҶ̶ãʮĿ̿ʥ۷壬Ҹǳȹʵ
αǱǱһſȡ񾳵һǱĮĿɮã񾵵һϻ壬񾳵ĵһһӡ
ȻһǵõķǳкܶǿߺͶõһǿΪ൱ҪȻԷǿнһ֪˭
ƽԭȡõĳɼǲʥǰһռʮˣαǰһռʮˣǰһռˡǰһռ˾ˣǰһռʮˡ
Եγǿɫ̫ÿݸǰһУʥռݵĸ־Ȼûй룬ǵ⡣
ΪαԸĵһᱻǰû뵽ǳ⡣
νɳԽ𣬴˷ֻҪǲμӱԵ߶õ˾޴ôΪ־ϣȻҲкֶܶɥռڡ
úƽԭ˵һʥУʧһˣǲпģҲһּҵľ
ʱƣתۼ䣬ϰʱ䣬ʧıԶ֪˶ٽ죬Ҳ֪ж۷ĸֶΪ˷ǿߡ
ҶСӺһʧЩǣһ񾳺ڣеĽ񾳺ںΪҲǰһеֱ̤۷塣
ǹ󣬶һ֣ڻյİ£Щ˶˻ĵشǻԹŸԵˡ
ǵţǾҪҶСˡ
ʱҶСȻڻĳǳصңž۽̨ƺȴʱ䣬ȴһУֻо۽̨Ĵڡ
ڣһգ֮ϣһɺƴ־ͻͽ٣ʧиֶˡ
ţǺƽԭе˫ĿϽ䣬˽黯ʧ
ԨУħɭɭһħ̨ϣȶķħۣӦǻͻһ˫Ŀ·̴գܹǧ֮һ㡣
ǺƽԭǱߴϢ֪Ǳ߳ʲô飬ԴǴħʧѵŪĶ
˵ţħۻΪһڹ⣬գ뿪Ԩ
ʲôƵʮǹУһǳͼ¼Ͽգǵ˫Ŀ漴ǳʧ
һ죬еķǿ߶˺ƽԭҲһ񾳸źƽԭҴҶ
ǲǸܵ˺ƴоعı䶯ţǶ뿴ʲô顣
ƳɹˡеҶС糤һ˵ɢ΢΢⣬Щⶼعɵġ
ϰʱƣ۽̨ƳɹˣڳƵĹУϵϤعΪ˺ܶࡣ
ף־־ȻѵѵΪ۽̨콵ٵĽҶСһɻ
Ҳգȥ֪ˡҶС
űȰ΢һľ۽̨һǳϡ
ʱ֮ϣѹǣ͸ϣ˶Щ
ܶǿ߶ԶһĻǳеǷ׷׽˷䣬ܳ˳ǣϣһӰûС
ȻȻǾ۽̨Ƴɹǿ١ҶС綢ǺеĵܹоѾеľ۽̨
ҶǲʲôԹŭˣҪȻô㽵½ѣһſӱ
ҶС翴ȥֻһ۵ķħվڲԶգԶǼǿߣб塢ķǿ߶֣һɫĶҶС磬ƺΪλҶС罵½ѡ
ûе£һȽʴȣԴ˶ԸлΪô⵽ѣҲһѣû뵽Ȼ־ˡҶСһƵ˵
С²СɣҪȻҲᵽݵĵزŹâʵ
˭֪عʱô£ôôң˵ΪݵĻӦеһλҶСЦЦ˵
˵ЦˣܹպעЩ˰ˣ֪Ҷʲô˫ĿһʵĿĶҶСľ۽̨
ǿҲһһضҶСеľ۽̨ƺҪʲô


2352 вȱ
һС⣬ֵһᡣҶСЦЦȻĿͶ˾֮ϣ
ϰ겻ΪԺ˺ܶ࣬ôһµĶ¾ԼϳҲһĶ֡¶һĨء
ǿ߿ҶСĿмֵļɵҶСʵǿޱȣôôǿߣڸΪˣǶѹס
ѾԺǱȼˣû뵽ЩʱϼһǣһߡۺǺһЦҶС粢ûʲô⡣
߾ϣ콾ǵۻ˵˾Ÿ֣ҶСۺܸߡ
ʱ֮ϣ۳׵Ѿܼˣ⽵һ֮µĸ־Իˣ
𡣡
ҶСһոƳɹľ۽̨ԶƯɢɹâͬʱڲϵıתۼ䣬ͬһСӴС
۽̨һжɼһСĳǳһ㣬ޱȣҵɹƬǿ֮ڡ
һҫľ£۽̨˼һƴЩ
۽̨ڲͬʱҲ󣬲һͷ·һӰһ㣬գ۽̨ȫòҲչǰ
ֻ۽̨ϲ㣬Ǿ񹬣񹬡̫񹬡񹬡Ǭ񹬵ȵȡ
һľʮ֮λҲǵɹϵľ񹬣ģʹˡ
ǰ˾ʮɷ֮λع硣
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һ˻֮λÿһӭչĴ£·գǻվλá
㣬һ·飬ÿһ㣬ܹվһ֣һʮλ
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һ㣬ҲǵھŲһ޴Ĺ㳡㳡̸أƺܹչһ㣬б֮ҲǾ۱֮أΪߣ񹬣ͳһ£ĪҲӡ
۽̨һͨһһݼ࣬Ҳǿ˵ķˣһһʵ֮ϣ񹬣ΪŴ֮°򣬺һ
ôʱΧЩǿ߷׷һһɫޱ䡣
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ҵĻƵʮǹԶԶľ۽̨ǧ꣬Ҫ۵ǵۻ˵
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䡪
֮ϣһµٶ£˾۽̨ϣ۽̨һ¶ûУֱӽǵ֮ˣޱȡ
һһ£۽̨ҡ˵ʱһգһֱֵ
˵ߵڰ˵ʱ۽̨ƺҪе£ݺݵĶƬ̣ǻᰲȵƯա
䡪
һʱߴн£ȫ۽̨ûУ·γ׺һ㡣
Χǿ߶𾪵ĿһĻ˵˻Щ̫ˣ۷ǿжһܹ
̵쳹ϣôһǿߵĵҲϣǿ߾ʹС
ǿһ̼䣬֮ϵĺɢȥǾ۽̨ڵĵطȻ׹ҫ˿
ȴһʱ䣬۽̨Ż¶˳֮󣬾۽̨һַ豹ƣһ·Իӵζ
ӱϿƺͨϸȥͻ̺ᷢǿ
ھ۽̨ûоٵʱȻư磬ȴһЩ覴ãֿô·ЩңĶ֮£۽̨Ȼһ壬·Ȼγɵһ㣬һַǳгǳĸо
ڳɹˣѾϰʱ䣬۽̨ƳˡҶСȫϲɫ
ˡ
۽̨ƺǣ΢΢𶯣ӦҶСĻ漴âҫС±Ϊ˰ƴСС硣
̫ԣ֪ǸоûУҷƵľ۽̨ģƺȱʲôͻȻ䣬ü˵л¶һ˿Ĳ⡣
ȷʵɣ»һΪҪɲ֣ǾͲ֪ʲôˡ
ǿߵ۾ǼģһӾ͸оҶСƵľ۽̨ĲȱȻ磬ܿЩŤƺȫû͹Գ۽̨ơ
ϲϲϰ겻֣һ־һ˰۴ߵҶСǰ˵ͬʱҶСеľ۽̨
ǵһߴǿһ˵ЩϲĻ


2353 λǿ
⻹治ưû뵽Ȼôʱ䡣ҶС̾һ˵
ֻҪܹƳĶٲƣҶȥơһĽ˵
Ǻǣû뵽һСȻǶˣǲ˼ҶС翴˿ڷǿ˵
ϰ겻ǻΪʧˣ׼˳㣬ԭ򡣡ϹЦ˵ǺҶСܳʱûѡ
ǾͶлˡҶС˵һȻգ΢΢üعѾıˣһƽʢԶˣ֪³˶ٷǿߡ
²ʮλʵ޷ͳƣϾͻƣΪ˷ǿߣҲܶ˵ιͻˡħ˵Ļ˵ĴЦ
Ҳ֪عվʲôӡǵ˵¶һĨǡ
һһˣ˵ԼϰľһЩµȵȣǢ֮
ǻ̸۵ħ飬һߵĵϣݸ֣רɳǿ߿أҶСǸûг⣬طòƿҪħʴˡ
ۼһһʱڶǶ뿪ˣΧ۾۽̨ٵȳûйȥȻкܶۡ
ϰٵķչƽԭչļΪѸ٣Դ棬Ѿ˺ܶܶ࣬ЩҶСͨĮͶͨԵʣк̵ͨԵʡ
ںƽԭУ洦ɼ壬ദĽΪгϻǱߵҲһϻУޣھҩĶԽԽࡣ
ʧƣŸΪԻͲõķչ
Щǿ뿪˺ҶСıԼòϢǳйһǳػϾܿƽԭ
߶ȣҶС緢֣ǳЩϰΪ˺һأ϶۷壬񾳵ĸ֡
ǳе͸¶һֲչʱҶСԵĸˡ
й˰ʱҶСص˳ո߽ҶСͿԼŮˮţջһѪ޼ڴڣƺȴĹһ㡣

ҶС˽Ƕޱȹ˵
ҶС߽վڴ룬Żյһʱˡ
ʵҲô࣬ܶ鶼ѪɵġտһѪ޼˵
Ѫ޼Ѫ޼˵һȻѾǷǿˣվҶСǰȻһֺСĸоƺҶСһΡĸɽô޷ﵽ塣
ϽʲôʱعģҶСʮº͵˵
չʮģû뵽ǺƽԭܹչĵزѪ޼п˵
һڷθҶСΪﻹЩΪƽԭͷ֮һͻȻʧˣȻܲŷִţȫȥͻơ
ع󣬿ƽԭٵľޱȣƽԭͳεĻȻȲҶСִƵôá
һ̣ҶСλͬʱҲе壬Լ̬Ҳŵĺܵͣʵʵȫȫȥгϵְ
Ǻǣƽԭ˸ķչǲܸһ㣬ʱǵΪҲԸŴƵҲһ˫ӮģʽҶСЦЦ
ӽҺƽԭѾλǿˣһܴĽֵüչҶС鿴á
֪ʮǰѾͻƣΪ˷ǿߣһΰҲΪ˷ǿߣƽԭλǿˡЦ
ʲôѾλˣҶСЩȡ
ӣ֪۷ĸ֣ԼãڽܹͻƣҲо֣ǸΰķǿʲôˣҶСɻʵ
һֱڻûй˵츳ҲûзǷȴʮֳȣ֮·һ򲻼ģչ֮ǰ۷ˣսȴһ㡣
оһ˵֮·ƺ˵ûƿһ˵ͻǸ磬̵ģٶʮ־ȡΪҶС͡
ŶˣӦ˵Ǵ׾ɡҶСһ˿Ȥ
ǿɢ粨һ㣬ɨ˲䣬㷢һǿߣڻĵشϱǳС
ĳȣκ˶ȲϣҲܹΪǿߵԭ򡣡ҶС̾


2354 ں
ҶСۣպѪ޼΢΢һ㶣漴ȻˣҶСǿΪɢ϶ܹҵǸΰ
ôеӱĸ֣ǶصЩǿ񾳸֣ҽǰõ˺ܶǳصҪλϣԭ˽չ˵
ֻҪǶԺƽԭ飬㾡ܷȥҲģε飬ĺܺãڱͻˣҪн¾ͽˣһЩöɣǷָͼΪͻߣǵһݡҶС翴Ż˵
㱦óһЩö˳˻ա
л˵˫ĿһĨ⣬ҶСЩУܶһֶΪ洦мѡ
˻ʱԺƽԭĴҶСǽһЩ飬ɢȥˡ
ʱֻʣˮźҶ̶
ʱ䣬ʹڳɣҺ̶ҪȥһطҶС罫ĿͶˮţԥһȻ˵
Ŷˮŵ˵ͷǶĿ¶һĨʧ
Ҷ̶ҶСĽκ˶û˵Լû͸¶顣
˿Ҷ̶ٿ˿ҶС磬ˮĬĬ˳ȥֻʣĸŮ
֣ʵǿԴŶȥһģŶǲ˵ġҶ̶С˵
ѵͲĸ׻˵ִһŮӻȥҶС˵
Ѿϰˣĸ˵һλŮˣǾͲˡҶ̶С˵
ѾͷȻô˵㸸סҶСҶ̶Դһ˵
߰ɣþöûлȥˣǻؼһˣǸҶС˵һ䣬Ҷ̶뿪ˡ
ϰķչ磬񾳸ֵ˺ܶܶ࣬һǿߣܹ񾳵ĶʷǷԼǿһߡ
һ򳹵׳һѡθֵ֡ĵطܶǿ߶һ
ڿƼʱУƼ𵽵Ǿ޴ģ˹ϵͳ£ƶһ׶ÿѷ
ַԽһ˵ǱȫҲۺ
һҶСǺüһӱعıˣŸΪķı䣬ҲǺ磬ЩΪͻƵԭ
صһҶС罫Ů˼˵˵ĵĻһ̸һʱ䡣
ҶСһ˾һԶյϣ˺֣ܶܶǵΪ˶Կ壬ԼһЩΪ˶Ը·ӡЩԼ
ĹſںҶСЩĹȺȻ󻺻˵֪־𣬾ѾˣȻϣһܹսɱһѪ·Ҹᣬӽ쿪ʼǵĲӢңһ۷塣
ҶСĻո£ĹȺ΢΢е⸡֡
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ֻҪʯڣЩ֮˵ĲӢͲʧ
ô꣬ʯѾˣúԣЩӢ鶼סʯڲ
䡪
ĹȺյҲݺݲƬնҶСǿͨˣ˶޷
ʯҶСĹȺŻָǰȱ鶯
ʱҶСеʯСתۼ䣬ָͬ׸ôСһֻһ۽̨֡
ʯΪһ⣬˾۽̨ڣ˾۽̨ϲ㣬Ŀյϣһ챮һ㡣
һ˲䣬۽̨·ǣһּΪصĸо
ʱľ۽̨ģЩǿ߲ûиӦ
ƾ۽̨ϵʱ뵽ʯʯĴڣž۽̨ǿЧҲӵԡ
ȫ۽̨Ƴɹˣλصƽԭ󣬾۽̨Ҫˣֻһľ棬֪Щ˳ΪŴ񹬵񽫡ҶС¶һĨЦ⡣
Ӵ˶Ƭռķܶ߶ҶС磬ЩŶҶСʺЩУ࣬塣
ôʱںϣ壬Ҳ࣬˴˲ٷ룬ҶСϣġ
ҪȻһ죬Ǹǿʢ֮󣬽ӭµս


2355 ̽
ȡʯ۽̨ˣҲܹӳĸӴˣԺʯΪԿ˵ɱﵣҲΪԺս
ҶС罫۽̨۽̨̺ǿޱȵǴָȡˣ˻Ϊһͼӡ첲ϡ
ɢһҶСԺг֣ʱȻбչΪѾﵽ۷壬ҪԼعǿߵľ硣
Ҷ棬ҲǸصŮӣҶСϵĽ㣬ΪҲ۷壬ʱҲڱչء
ʧѹÿһʱıԣе߶Լǳϸÿ˶ƴ
ôľҪľ۹ˣԴӷ֮ΪһǧƺȫûƿڵΪѾվ۷ˣΪ۷֡
ȻߣΪֻΪﵽ˼ߵ㣬ܹﵽҶС硣
ҪһǸ˵ˡҶСҪ飬һǳȡʯڶǴҶѯʵйԭʼ飬̫ˣΪҲ̫ˡ
Ǹ˱ϿˣȻ˼ɵޱȣؼпüĻָʹ֮ˡ
ҶСһ˾ʧˡ
ٴγֵʱѾһտĵˣ첻ǺܴƽޱȣһһɵĶС¥Ҷ;סڴˡ
ҶСһӽС¥ڣͬʱͷųԼϢ
ƺܵҶСϢҶСǸСľеľϣҶӰ֣еɫâ·ۡһ㡣
ʧˡҶ濴ҶСʵдŹġ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ҶСһһΪǿߣһʼֺԼͽܣȫ˵ܵܡ
һߣ˺ܳʱ䣬û뵽λˡҶСЦЦ˵
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ҶСһЦȻָ㿴ˣǺǣһȷʵЩҪ̡
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ҶСĻҶ¶һĨ˸УһĨֵĻ䡣
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ǸʱһǿӵһƬɣΪսϣֻһʧȥ˵СŮҪȻͻȻ֣綼ˣ̻ҴӴ̤֮·
ǸʱУΰˣǸǿߣΪߣһ㻳ɣǲΪǿˡ
ҾһҲ֪һЩ飬֪ճսۣзǿУûĶ֣֪Щ飬ҴеԺ
ħΪ˼ʱٴγˣǰΪСŮˣû뵽Ȼǵã˵ҺúñԼˣҲҪչ˺Լ²ԸȥҪ̫顣
ʱҶ仰˽ĲǺƶǶģû뵽ٴϢʱѾ˿ҪˣΪ࣬ԼЩħӡͬʱٳǸص磬ѹЩħͬʱȥЩǿߵӢ顣
һΰˣһɳԽˡҶǸۡ
仰ҶС΢΢һ̾˵ǶҩȻˣҶֻ֪Էŵ㣬ȴûйעЩȱ㡣
ȻԼԼϲԶģûκܹ棬һҶСҲס
ܵܣŬδػΪһƺӻ˹ҶЦ˵
㣬𣿡ҶС̽ʵ
δ˵Ӧһͷ޵ļһȻͻȻ䱬˳Ҷ²
ͻȻ䣬ʶ˲ԾΪҶСͻȻ⣬ѵ˵ǸʲôԾĵط
ǲǳʲô飿Ҷѯʵ
ҲûʲôֻǺѣʧ˵˵Ϊޱȿ£ֶѾΪ˽ɣֻҪһ˵֣ӦҶСЦ˵
ҶͬеŮˣԼĻ˵Ҷ涼ţ˵ᱩ¶
𣿡Ҷһ˿ɵʵ
Ȼǣλǰһֱܾϣܹһ˽㣬ķĹʲôطûʲôֺʵ


2356 ų츳
ûУӡħǸռʱ򣬲ȫΪ˻ҽ궼ɢˡҶ¶һĨˡ
ҶĻҶС֪òйԭʼˣ΢΢һ̸̾һ뿪ˡ
Ȼһûջ񣬴ҶĻУ֪ԭʼΪǿޱȣһսУϿһսսʤۣǺܶǿ߶оԭʼܶ౶
ϾԭʼѾ˼Ϊľ磬ֶ˽ɣⲢΪĳֹԵʣ˼µı֣عѾԼա
ﶼܹӦһδı仯Ļ˵ȥ
ˣһ˵ԭʼ⣬붼û˭֪ǲʲôı
뿪Ҷڵ죬ҶС»صһ򣬴ʱһһ˶ûУŮæµԵˡ
ۻϣһʫ꣬¥ոһϪԣоһǿϢһ
ɢҶСһӱ㷢ˣ˺΢΢һ漴һпΪʦþþûָԼͽˡ
ųһ츳׵ŮӣΪҶͮĹϵųΪӣʱֻųΪӣ׼ΪһǿĹ̫æµˣҲˣ׼Ϊų˹
;ֻΪָ˼ζѣϸ˵ûоһʦΡ
Ƭ̺һµųն·һ׵ëǰ㣬ƮҶСǰ
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ĻҶС֪ųһǿŮӣ׼˵飬Ͳᷢıˡ
ǺǣʦǣҶСЦЦʡ
ͽҪʦȥʧ硣ųû˿ԥ˵
ΪѾ۷ˣ޷ķӳҽǿǶ㲻пںܶʱڣɾͷǿߣͬˣϵϢЩ̫ȶҲûãΪʦĹ򶼴㣬໥ӡ֤һ¡
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ǣʦųɫ糣ϲҶСϲһ㡣
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ҶСĵ˵ͷһųǰһָһĲųüġ
ΧռŤعƺյǿҵӰ죬̳ӣҶС罫ԼĶع򶼴ڸųһЩ˵ţ˴˲֮£ߵĸԶ
ҶС紫ڵıȽ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳ˺ܶ
ллʦ𡣡ųм
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ų˵ͷȻƮȻȥ˲ԶһƾƽʯͷĦҶСЩ
ҶС羲վһ쫷һӿȫҶСڡ
ֻǼʱ䣬ҶСΪָ۷塣
ѾǷǿˣ˵򹲴棬ֻҪǺķ˴Ҳָܿ
ûжúŮعˣҶСŮ̸һҽһ׼뿪
Σû׼Ҷ̶ȥҶ̶һ죬Ŭ
һϵĲҶСų뿪磬ҶȻû˽⵽ԭʼĶѾע⣬Ժܹ֣;֣͵˭Ҳ֪ԭʼǲڱʲô֡
ΣԴҪȻ󣬺пΪͽ£ѣˣȫΪԸ⿴ġ
»صʧҶС罫ų˳һԺڣŬ
ų츳ޱȾˣȻҶС紫ڵĹһʱ䣬ϵϢѾԵĲͬӻľ
ҶСֱӳ˻ĵشǳϿգϾ۽̨γɵͼ˵âȻΪһ⣬ƯҶСϡ
ҶСĿ£۽̨ԽԽߣա
һΣǳ߶ˣǾѡ
תۼ䣬۽̨ĴСƺǳػҪɹƶˣǾ۽̨ϵȴϴɼ


2357 ۽̨
ƽԭ۽̨ƶˣһĻ˺ܶߡ
һڣɶ̺ƺشɣйԻγɺסȵȶݻ̺Ĳ֣оƵĲ˼úܶȲѡ
İٶʮͷƳ˾۽̨𣬺ƽԭ۽̨򿪣񽫣ֻҪͨݣϵǷ⣬Ϊ񹬵ˣûǸڶҲԣ۽̨ߣԸΪĸܵع򣬿Ϊ
ȻΪ˾Ŵ񹬵ˣҲǿޱȵȨƣͳһ
ҶСؼ
ҶСʱ߶ӰŻǳؾۼ
λͲҪȥˣ۽̨ΪγǿľͬʱҲΪѾǺƽԭĳˣմȨΰȥ۽̨һ㣬ϸؾ۽̨Ĺ򣬶ƻˣɱ
ҶС绰µʱͬʱ쳹˺ƽԭǿԺС
ǣΰ˵һȻʧˣž۽̨ɳ۶ȥ
һкҶСȻվգž۽̨ϵһС
ҶС緢ôһϢ󣬲ƽԭط߶ը˹
һλǿ߷ѾϰʱƵĶ϶򵥣ܹ۽̨ȶǵΪмĺô
ֱʰΰ󰡣ôõĶȻţΪԼס߸ˡ
򵥣Ӿ۽̨ϢϿ֪ΪĲ򵥡
ôߵľ룬ܷɵȥ𣿡˵ĵʵ
ٺ٣һһ飬ѲɣҪһոճ˾̤Ͼ۽̨˳һЦ
Ȼܶ˶֪˵һؾǸ飬㶼ɲȥ̸δͨݵϾ񹬡
ҶСϺȵϾ۽̨ıǳеĸ֣ܶѾվ˾۽̨һ㣬ҲǸ޴Ĺ㳡ϡ
ͨݿڣһʯʯ̵ǽ۽̨Ĺ
˼˵ֻںƽԭĸֲʸ̤ͨݣͨϣиָĿ顣
۽̨һŲ㣬Ҫһ㣬ҪıˣȻһˣȥսЩռλõˣսɹܹȡǸˡ
ʱΰʯ·ǸҪݵͷºܶ˶벻Ǻƽԭķǿߡ
ܶȻΰһĨɫ⣬ȴû˵ʲô߲ܶɽ¶ˮֳͲ֪˼ҵǿ
˭ҲҺһ˾۽̨ˣһ˼ǳ֣Ǿˣ
Ǿ񹬣Ҳ֪ʲôܹǾ񹬡ĽĿеľ˵
ֻҪŬ˵㣬һԣͨͥô˵ġһ۷˵һԾԾԵı顣
ʱͻȻ䣬һ𣬡ɣ񾳳ڵˣʮݶ߲ȥˣôأ˵˵Ͼ񹬣
һкܶ˵۷˳ͨȥȻˣֻһ񾳳ڵĸվڵھŸϣɫ԰ףɫϱ仯һֻѾ˵ʮϣȴþûȥ
˺óһʱ䣬ջ˽ţ¶һĨΣˣҵľ̫ԶˣҪȥҪŬһ
˵񾳳ڸʱ򣬺ܶ߶Χѯͨϵ
Էֻҡҡͷ뿪ˣӾ۽̨Ϸ£һĻ˺ܶ˵ĺġ
ɣ˵ڶ㣿Ϊ۷尡
˴
۽̨ͲǹƾΪһЩߣȥ˵Ҳлᡣ
ܶ߶׷׵ͨݣЩ߸ոû߼ݣͣɫ԰׵ˡ
һ죬עܺ䶯ĸָǷ׷׳˾۽̨һĹ㳡
˵˵ڶ㣬˵˵㣬˵˵ߣڰ˲㣬ȴûһ˵ϣھŲ㣬סС
˵˵ڰ˲ʱʯµΰ֪˵ڰ˲˭ϣ޴㳡ϣһĻĻдŵ˸θ֣ͻϢ
ھ۽̨飬ԽԽң̶һʱ䣬ǳУѾ˼ʮֵ֣쳣ûз
Ϊƽԭ۷֮һӵ˵ھŲ㣬УҶСӵָ߸ߵдǹĻϣǳе˶ܹúܶĽѡ


2358 Ӯ
ӵ˾۽̨ھŲ㣬һ񹬵̼ߣܶ߷׷ʵͨݣҲҪ߲㣬񹬣ƽԭ
ϧͨݵĿ飬Ϊϸ񣬲ж־Ŀ飬жΪƷСĿ顣
תʮյʱѾȥˣŲ񹬣ֻӺһ۷ռ죬ڰ˲еǾס˲ٸ֣о̣㻹һЩҶСǰʧĸ֡
ھ۽̨飬ԽԽңһƣһ߲عھ۽̨жһЩߵ׼ʵͨݣϧΰʶˣֱӳֽЩعնɱ
󣬼е˶ŹҲûСǸϵĿҪ˹ײİΰ
ҶС罫۽̨չֳ󣬱Ҳûг֣նڳڣֲҩӹüΪС
ƾ۽̨ôع򣬻һЩ֮кֻҪޣΪ᲻ϵߣսȻҲ
˵ʧѾƽ߷չĽ׶С
콾ϳָ֣Ҳ֣ܶԭ˿ûͻȻΪȵ
ҶС·Ѿƽԭһ㣬е鶼ǿߴ
ԼĴΨһĵųʱʱҶСָȻŬûȥ۽̨񹬡
һһȥˣʧߵʵ˺ܶ౶һЩ۷ֲ֪˴۷嵽ǿߵת䡣
ǧ֮ԽԽˣ߸ǷˣȻ˽սҲԽԽƵˣΪԴΪ˵̵ȵȣ֮ܶΪԼ̰
ʱҴ꣬ʧУ񾳵ĸֱǰʮ꣬ʮʧıҶС綼ûȥμӣȻڳûгȥ벽
ô䣬ֵһǿߣҶСҲ֪жٷǿߣЩ˶ͻƵ˷ǿߵľ硣
ʲô飬ȫԸȥ
Ȼʱʱټһ츳ߣԼ򵽵ĵúܶǳ
۽̨ھסĸֻһһΨһûлıӣȻûͻƣ۷֣սȴ֮ǰӿֲˡ
۽̨쳣ңΪᵽ۽̨ϵһλλִ֡
ڳʤ̭ĻУһ֡
Ȼкܶ߸ûϾ۽̨ЩҶС簲ŵģиǲҪϡ
ôҲΪ˰һִڣϾ۽̨Ѿ¶Ужٸ֣ԷһĿȻ
һգҶСڳһ羰صĻ԰н̵ųͻȻ䣬ĿͶԶƺʲôһ㡣
ȥЩ㽫Щ󣬾Ϳȥͻˣ˽꣬ѱɹһ̣źܶǿ߶Ķ֡ҶС翴ų˵
ǣʦų˵Ȼ˿
ųͽܣҶСԼãܹԿ࣬Ǻܶһ߶ﲻġ
ܶһ֣һɾ;մմϲųûУҲá
֮ǰųͻƵǿߵľˣҶС粻ͻƣȻ
ҶСӣҲûԹ
֮ҶСΪãȽ˷ǿߺһΪǿޱȡ
Ƕڷǿߵľ磬Ϊսǲͬģ˵˷ǿߺʵԺ߶Զ
ΪųͽҶСѾ˼
ų뿪ûжúҶСգ˵ѣȻˣͳɣ
ҶСĻ֮΢΢ζһɫۣͷʹڵӳ֣ɢһֻʵϣµľͳɷϻߡ
ӮۣҶС¶һ˿ɻʡ
ǰϵϢܿ£ѾǣϰǰԼԲ˵Ķ֣Щա
ȻûаսԷɱǻܻǿԵġ
Ӯ۵еӮҪȻҶСҲһѯǲӮۡ
ӮۣңӮƮȻ£عŤתӿγһΡ
ûм㣬ҼĺӮģ࣬а˷ֵƶȡҶС͡
ԭˡӮȻ˵ģȻ䣬·𲻹ʲô飬ܹҡһ㡣
֪ӮͻȻ٣ʲô飿ҶСֱʵ
֪ҵ˶ѾˣҲѾҪǵߣǺǣٹǧ£Щϼһ⣬˶֪ҵĴڡӮЦЦ˵ЦЩįЩԳ


2359 
ҶСû˵ĬҲ֪Ӯ˵ĺܶԣٹǧ꣬˵ܶ˶֪Ӯ˭һʲôˡ
ʱ»ٶ̫ˣһ˻ˣȥ·˹еҶһ㣬ʱʧУʧ˵ļ䣬˭⡣
ǿ˺أ˸Žӵһ£ʱţֻҪ㲻֣ͻᱻʷĳС
Ӯ۵ʱ͵ޱȣ֪ϸûмˣڳ˸ķǿ⣬˸֪ôһ
һʢʱʱҪãҪԻͣΪҿ͸һ콾ܹһʱƬضѾı䡣ӮۿһҶС˵гįɣ
һʱһԻ͵ƪ£һƽҾֻʺʱҶСЦЦ
˼һˣҺ͹עˣһսʱ򣬿ʧҲֻûиԼһ۳ơӮۿҶС˵
۳ƣһѣûʲôô
Ҷһ˵ļ簡ﲻϸʱʱӮ۳̾һ
Ǹڷչô
ٸһʱ䣬ܹˡҶС˵ܹоӮ۶ûж⣬෴Щ͡
ùһʱ䣿ʱ䲻ôȥˣħЩӡѾɶҪ˶ãЩħ⽫һ޴вӮɫص˵
Ҳ֪һķչܹҵġҶС˵ˣӮֻ˵Щɣ
ǺǣһˣȷʵҪ顣Ӯ˵һ䣬Ȼ˿ܡ
ҶС˼ģܰȫǳƽԭĺģҲһ޴󷨵ŦһУûܹӦĶЩܹ֪ȥδҲС
磬ѾһָоڤڤƺõĹעҵǸ磬һ㼫谭ӮۿҶСʵ
ȷʵˣԴҽ۽̨ƳɹôһָоҲ㲻һԭ֮һҶС˵ͷ֮ûа취ﵽǸ磬ǱʲôˣϾ˵롣
ѾˣֻҪǴﵽһķǿ߶ᱻעҲˣҲһֱ͵ԭ֮һȻҲкܶҪȥ֮ԲܹͻƣΪһǿձ֮ˡӮ۽͵
ȻֺӵĴе֪ϢٴӮϵ֪ϢϢ٣Ѿжˡ
ʱĴ֮Բע飬ΪʱΪûдﵽǸޡ
֮ʲôҶСѯʵ
һڹ֮ϵĹһƬڵĸֱ仯ɹеģãã棬ǳתЩã˭ܹǱֱǿˣһ䣬仯ÿ˵ԷƿأǱǿ󡣡Ӯ۽͵
ҶСкȻû뵽Ȼǿ
Щǵڵʱ򣬲鿴ģôҲΪ˲鿴һµû׵顣
㶼ˣҶСʵ
ûУֻǴһЩʱĻڶ㣬ʱѾˣҲĲĻеһжʱĻֻǽ־Ͳö֪ˡӮ΢΢һ̾
ǲ鿴ʲôѵʱʱѾʲôҶСɻʵ
֪Ƭǿձӡһ˶ٸʱӮ۲ûлشҶС⣬ѯʵ
֪ҶСҡҡͷ
ʱĻѾʮʱˣÿһʱǷչ˼Ȼ˥ȥ·һʷĳıȻ仯ϧ鲢ûô򵥡Ӯ̾һ˵
ʱ츳Ϊ׿ԽţճӵͽΪһ·ս˷ǿߣ˵ܹ£˻ĵĻǸ˺ʱۣ˷ǿߵʱƬҲһģʶ
һսʤʮʵǿķǿߺ󣬾͸оԼƺȻͻעţ˭ÿ챻˶һ㲻ĸоҲǴǸʼ˻ɡ
ɣνĻͻǷҲһ壬ʲҲͣˣܵĵһЩϹʱĶͼзʲô
һѰ֪Ƭؾ˺üʱЩʱĻعı仯ʱ룬ΪλͻȻ仯ǷʲôһС
ɵѿҵң˵Щ£ҵʱųΪǿ߲ãҺʦѵĹϵºұ㳹׵ĵ͵ˣܵĲ鿴Ըһ顣


2360 ųͻ
֪һеʱ¾ԻˣҲпܷĳһ˺üʱܡӮŹâ˵
ǴĲ֤ھ֪ڹ֮ϵ˵ʲôܹù仯ĻǾӰ졣磬עƿ֮˵ע⡣
Ӯһ׳һ޴
ʲôƿô˵Ƕڱ˵Ŀ֮ˣҶСд󺧡
ҲûôףƲ⣬ӦһλǿںƬǿյȻ򣬵Ҳ޼ɵʲô͸ʲôϾѭŴģҲֻܹԼӰ졣
˵Щɿ𣿡ҶСĬһʵ
ʮа˾ŰɣǵһƬռԴиָĶЩÿһʱķįһĻ֡Ӯɫص˵
ĴҲ˵¡ҶС絭˵ȻӮ۵ķӦ
Ŷû뵽ѾˣǵӵĴҲõһЩõϢһƬǿա
֪λںϺǿյĿʲôҶСʵΪؼ⡣
ҪƬǿںϣȫȻ켺Ӯɫѿ
Щʱ˥ʲôϵʲôıҶСʡ
ƲӦ飬Ȼ鲹һɱ䣬ȻǾıʲôǾͲö֪ˡ
ºʹ˵Ǹй𣿡ҶСٴʵ
Ҳص̫ˣǵҶ֪ǻǸһҪע⣬вС˵Ĺ⣬ܹѤϼҲˣƺֻһ㣬ԶԶûߵôԶӮҶСһ䡣
ˡֺ˵ͷ
Ҫһ飬еĴ𰸽ʱڽҪƴˣܹŵ˺٣Ӧҵ˼
ǿأѵʲô⣿ҶСʡ
аɣѾһΣǣҿɲģһΣеڶΡӮɫΪ䡣
̸һӮ۱뿪ˣҶС˳˼С
ȻӮ˵ĶеҶСܾӮƺ֪ЩʲôûȫԼ²ô򵥡
ѵ»ʲôزɣҶСأֻҪŬǣʵǿ󣬸Ͳκεıơ
ʱҶСѾ¶˾ģʱ͵ͬʱŬԼΪӮ۸ղ˵Ƿֻһ㡣
ڹ֮ϵ飬ŵģĴѾ˵£ֻҪ뿪ǳأͻоһڤڤ֮еעԼһжӲһƿء
ףû뵽ô죬ڸѾι̣ҲͻƵǿߵʱˡҶС¶һ˿΢΢ľȡ
һ¡ҶСɢֱųߡ
һ䣬ųǰĶҶСһ
ͻˣΪʦΪ㻤ҶС翴ų˵
ųҶСһмȻֱڸɾĵϣһƣһ㣬ЩڲʵһɿռӰγɡ
ʱҶСһεɢֱӽͥԺգκ˶о
ʱ죬ųϵĹȫʵڣϢǣӿ糤һ㣬ųڡ
һ̼䣬ٴαعϴǿȸΪǿϵϢʱھѾ˸ոճΪǿߵˣƺںܶǰͻƵĸ֡
ų˫Ŀ˫Ŀ۳ɵĳ
ллʦųҶС繧˵
ͻƵǿߵľͺáҶСοЦЦǲǸоͻƵ˷ǿߵľ磬ʧȥ˷ûĿꣿ
ųʵʵĵ˵ͷ
ֹǳΪǿҲһǿУΪҲиߵͣյĹԽ࣬ԽǿˣΪԽǿؼ֣㻹ҪܹΪһ㡣ҶС̵
ǣʦ𡣡ųĿ
磬㶼ûгȥڳȥΪʦҲԷˣúÿɣΪаҶС翪˵
ʦ𡣡ųһ۾¶˲ᡣ
ӶгʱȥɣΪʦɲǵȥ磬˳㿴ʧʲôŹֵ鶼ԸΪʦ㱨
ǡųٴζҶСһ뿪ˡ


2361 һ
Լͽ뿪ҶСҲϸ˼˼ԼҪߵ·
߲ͬߵҲǹ򣬵˹ļ޺󣬱ԽӴˣƬǿѾ֮ӡˣҪӴǧѣ˵ܡ
ҶС粻һֻ֮ҪΪһֱͲҪ֮ϵ
ѲҪΪ벻ϵУҶС
ǧ֮Ѿûж೤ʱˣ뵽һİ취ǡҶСŹâ
ҶСһһյţһҲûж·һһ㣬üĴâ֪˼ʲô
һʮʱ䣬ҶС˫ĿʱϱϢʮǰ˺ܶҲƣ
ȻѾʮꣿҶСͬʱ̾һ
һ·ˣʮʱ䣬ΪںϸԼĹľֻҪܹⲿɣΪԻڴǸΣҪԵ
Ҫˣֳ֣ʼǸ׶ˣھͺ϶ΪһɣҶС˵
ƺ֪ҶС뷨ں磬ͨڵǾ߷һ˫Ŀâ֮ɢһʧ
ٶȳֵʱѾһϿա
۹㣬һ¡ֱŮһ
ಡ
һʱ䣬ŮһӾͳҶСǰ
硣ľ۹ų˲õЦݣСʱһҶС绳С
ôˣһ仯ûУȻôô۰
ʱ죬ΪѾ־ˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ʲô飿Ҷɻʵ
ֵĽҪͷһ߷Ҫǰʧ磬ͨǱߵҪˣ۹սǿѵ˼ҶС翴Ů˵
֪ˣ硣ľ۹˵ͷһɵӡ
Σ𣿡Ҷüѯʡ
Ӧòɣ׼ѵΪһ壬ˣҾˣͨǱ߾ȫˡҶСЦЦʧˡ
ƽԭĳǳأһ۵ͻأҶСǰһҶСһ߷
Զһ񣬾ܹױ˴뷨
ƻתǡ
ɰɫ۵ҶСһ˫Ŀ磬ɫɳ۹ĵƺεķ籩
һϼⱬǾ۵ķ
ǡ
ƺĳֶһ㣬ֺǾ߷һɹâƬ̣һӰƮһӰҶСһģһɢſޱȵϢ
ݡ
ҶСɢϼǣ֮£ǵӰһûҶСڣʱ䣬ҶСһ͸Уƺһ˿µһ㡣
ǿָоû뵽ȻܹҵΪһ¥ҶС漴պ˫ĿһӰ׵Ϊһ塣
ʱһ۵ķȫʧȥ׵ĳһ߿տǣȻпµķâ֮ɢ
ҶСϵϢԽԽǿΧռŤԳһռ䣬·һʱһ㡣
ˡ
ҶС΢΢漴ɢǿϢȫûһ˿Ϣɢһͨһ㡣
۽ѩīһֵ֮·Ǹˣ޸֮
ڽһȫںˣڲһңعˣڤڤȷʵһڲع򡣡ҶСɫޱȡ
ȫںϣعȷĳ۵ףһصҲоˡ
νȷʵģЩĵģֻΪߣܹӦһУھԵʵǰһıƶûõġҶС
ĿͶԼǾ߷ȵӤֻ󣬿ҵʵ󽵣ƳһõǺбҪġ
ϣһ죬һööıʶǾ߷ɢҫ۹âĵİУķΪһɢֲâ֮ĳ
һööû˳УǳɢϢǿ£Ѿ۷ǿƵϢ
ˡ
۵ķâ֮ҫǱϵķâ֮·ֻһͬĳ
ȱһѽʡҶСӴָóһϡĲϣȻ·ȥʱŽƳ˽ʡ
Ǳ̺ſֲķâ֮һĽʸ֧ŲסֻҪʣʾͻ飬ֻϣϹӡܹ֧š


2362 ֻ
ҶСǾ߷Ƴɵĳ뽣ʣƬؼһĪϢȫʧ
ޱ·ĽʣһѩĿɳۣҶС翴һͣȻʺŲѩǱȽǲͬģǴСнһĹ°
һͦϵɽ塣
ҲʱˡҶСɫͥУڻеӤ˫Ŀƺܹ͸ҶСüģ硣
Ӥֻӡ顣
˸ִҶСл˫нӵӡͥڵӤҶСĶһģһӡ
ݡ
ӡ󶯣һҶСüĳƿնȥЩҶСľ
һĻû˿һƿնȥҶСϵϢ˺ܶ࣬͸¶һƣ·һ㡣
һСʱȥˣҶС˫ֲֹͣ˽ӡ˿̣һɫʪ͸ˣͷ˴ĺ飬ޱȣް߰ף˺ܶ࣬һ꣬һˡ
ͥӤֻʣһӰʧˡ

ҶСһһļ£ҺҹҪȻΪֱӻ˵񾳾û뵽ľһ㾹Ȼ˺ķҵΪ½ɡ
ʮʱ䣬ҶС罫˵һľҪΪӽľ硣
û뵽ӤֻһͨˣȻȻǷǿߣҲԪˡ
ľһΪصĹԸΪȻǰҶСҲӡԼΪǱϾ˼ά
ӤֻͶ̥תһ壬ȫԼ·Ȼ򣬵ȻҶС罫ľεķӡЩɳȥС
󣬾֪ЧˣΪؼıǲһ£ҪȻһǿߣҶǶ֡ҶСȻպ˫Ŀ״̬Լľ
ʱʧ磬ûһ֪£ҲûҶС羹Ȼ˱̬ĹȻֳܹӤγ塣
Ǻƽԭĸ֣ѾϰҶСأܶΪҶСҪϰʲô
ʱʧ磬ܶطӤЩӤʱüĴһöССԲιӡת˲䣬ЩӤüĴĹӡʧˣ·ںϽӤͥڡ
ЩӤݶеֱӳ˴еƶԭʼ䣬Щ˼ͥȵȡ
ЩӤСѾҶСֻͬˣγһµ壬ҶС绹ܹоǵĴڣȴӰ쵽ǵ
ÿһˣһһϷ磬򱯣ϲǻҳɳĵ·ϣԼ⡣
תۼ䣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ҶСŻָ˹ΪȴûлָǰԶûĸоˡ
ľɢһױȵ׺ƺ˭˺󣬶øС
˵ûܹΪΪƺһڵ˿С
ƽԭǳڣҶС뵵СߣֳƵͣĴ
ޱŨЩˮҲմȾζ
һֶĵķҲһ˷ɣǳ͸
ͻȻ䣬ҶС΢΢һ㹳ڵĵطϣȦȦոսҪϹһ£㲻Ӱˡ
ҶС¶һĨЦݡ
ʱһӰһӰǳȥ˺ܳʱų
ˣһγȥջܴȻΪߵĲǺܶ࣬ϵϢȴ˺ܶ࣬ľøƽͣ־ᶨҶСĵ˵ͷ
ʦҶСһͷҰɫųǽŵĹġ
õģûµģʱһˣҶСЦЦ
ųԼͽַʽҲߣԼ춼ܲסĻܹܵס˵
Ȼų˵ȥ
ҶСĻųһ
ôҶСʵ
Ǻƽԭĸ˺ܶ౻ҲһҽЩ׼ȵгһճ׵ı
⣬۽̨ϵľԽԽˣʱ򣬻սھ۽̨ϣپǣںܶһĴ˶ԾƺҪͻƣ˵ʬǣΪһ콾
ҶС΢΢ףѾųĻ˽⵽˺ܶϢȣʧֵֶһЩڶеεľ˶Ͽɡ


2363 ǿߵĵ
ųһʱʧı仯ҶСѾԤеŷʢĵؼƣƱػᷢ޴ı仯ĳЩδ֪ı仯
ΪʦһʱҪһŹƽԭ飬㰵ע㡣ҶС翴ų˵
ǣʦ𡣡ų˵ͷ˵
ˣΪʦʱһֹȥοһ£ŶѾаҶС˵һ䣬漴һָɹâһӽųͥڡ
ֻһľһǿޱȣȫڸų󣬻Ӱ쵽ųԺĵ·
Ͼⲿ˫ºܶ˵õĹ󣬶ħΪֹͣǰ
лʦԼһӵʱ䣬ų˫ĿһĨ⣬һĨм
ڵȻܹܳⲿǿ
ȥɣҶС˻˵
ųҶС繧һȻ뿪
ͥԺֻʣҶСһˣΪ˵ûԼͽӤֻΪԪˡ
ȻԪѾָΪûлָ
ҪϽΪҪȻһǼìܣҪ֣ȴûʵǾ̫ˡҶС漴պ˫Ŀ״̬
ʱĽţһƬǿеعԽԽƣŨҲԽԽϴܶ۷߷׷ͻƣһַǿߵΪҲһ㡣
ȻַʢȻҲ˼ΪǿҵľһֵսԽԽ࣬ܶ콾ǿߵʬһһ½ΪҲһ¥
ȻһһǿȻսˣȴʧж־ǿᣬԡһµһ㡣
ı仯ҶС綼֪ŬĻָΪȡ̵ܹʱڣָ֮ǰûк϶Ϊһʱ
һգҶС绹ͻȻ䣬һµƳƺγɵһЩ֮ϵǳ໥ӳġ
ƺǸܵЩǿߵϢҶС˫Ŀ˫ĿɢżΪʡ
ҵһλǿҺƽԭԭǸλ֪λҺƽԭʲô飿յй쳹
ǻϰǰҶд۵
û뵽ȻˣǵΪ˺ܶ࣬ڵΪûн˺ֹܶ࣬ڶûлָҶС롣
ͬʱɫأѾԶУǿǿǶǿޱȵϢ
ӭλҺƽԭλ롣ʱҶСĴݵա
µʱһŴڵͥԺһֱ쵽Զա
ҶСͻȻ¶һ֣ǿ˫Ŀ΢΢һУȻ̤Ŷ
߸ϼһﲻϣҶҪ֡ۺǺһЦһеӡ
˲䣬ǿ߾ͳҶСڵͥԺУǿҶСʱ򶼳һ
ǵӡУҶСʼնᣬڷ裬͸¶һ˿ĳһͷڷѾ˻Ұɫһˣ͸¶سܣŨĲɣ
λҶСóɹп⣬ƣڷͥԺڣԲΰϡ
ܣԶ£֯γ߰Ρ
ҶƺЩһˣЩһﻹûϣͲ˺ܶ࣬ѲǷҶıԼķ񣿡̽ʵ
Ǻǣͺˣչض꣬ѾģģǸ˵еľ磬Ҫһû뵽̰Ĳ㰡Ҳ֪ܹﵽ˵еǸ硣ҶС̾һ˵
໥һۣҶСĻ˼֡
ҶС˵ԭǾԲţ˵лЩţҲһĽ͡
ϾҶСΪǿޱȣǿһЩ׼ƼǸ磬ϧʧˡ
ǵĹͬ뷨ҪȻҶСҲڸͷ
κһߣΪǿĳ̶Ⱥ󣬶ҪٽһߵΪҲеĿͻƵǸ磬ŶҶСĻЩš
ԭҶȷʵЩҪ֪ϸʱ콾ȴûһͻƵǸ磬˵ҪͻƵǸ磬ǧѣҪǸ磬㹻׼ǡװһϧ˵
Ҳ£ǿһЩˡҶС絭һЦ˵
֪λк£ѵĵ׼ģҶС絭һЦһʵ


2364 
ҶСʻǿ໥һۣһ˼Ȼ󿪿˵ؾǷҶڴˣҲ
ʧ磬˺ܶǿߣҲΪңǿ̫ˣǶҲһľԣ÷Ҷ׿ͨĴ½ͨ
ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һû뵽ЩѾĿ˺磬Ҫ˽⣬ҲΪ˶Щǿߡ
Ҷ˾Ͳ˵ˣǸˣһ㣬ѾȷˣǸ粢һ˵ģҲǵļ磬ҲҪȥǸķۿҶС˵
ǹͬ뷨ҶСʵ
Ȼ۵ͷͬʱЩɻ󣬲ҶСΪλôʡ
ȷʵǸˣʧ˽٣Ǹ磬УԶǵͼģǸ߹ģǾǸ߸ϵ飬Զǲмӡ
Щ߸ϵ˲ǵͼʵǣûʲô߹ͼֻ֣֮ʵǿ񡣡ҶС·˻Уسһ顣
һƬƽսôƵʧǾɾ治ҶСĿƽۼ˵
˭ƽ㺦º˾սңѵͲʧ𣿾ΪǸˣĿ
ҶѾܴӣҪȻǼϼһѾֱӳ֣ǿдͨˡմ˵
ͨ£ڱУаܹͬԸʮλǿߡħۿҶС˵
ףΪ֪ʢƱػһսǺҲ⣬ƴҵҲ̤벽ҵʵնɱмˣȻٷӡǸܹͨġҶС絭˵
ҶС绰ǿüͷһ塣
ЦЦ˵Ҷܹ׾ͺã򲻵ѣҲΪС
ͨҿԴӦǣƬڻûȫָϸ޼ɵĳֵĻǸ罫𣬺ʧȽƬػЩˣֻ֮µĸֽ롣
ֻ֮µĸֽ룿üëһӦ񾳸ְɣȫǵ񾳵ĸֽ룬Щ˵ȫƿأ
ǿɳһ񾳸ּܣ֡ҶСٴ˵
ѵûһأЩʡ
ûСҶСն˵
ʱ˶Ĭûһ˵ձļΪΣĵ˫Ŀ磬ϵϢɢ䣬һƬӰγɣƺֻҪһ֣Ŷ֡
Ҳɢ˵ơ
ҶСɫ糣һͨˣһϢûɢǿߵϢУһҶۣȻȡ
˽һȻͬʱ˵ͷϵϢ
Ҷ־ᶨΪҲһ˺ܶ࣬ղŵ飬ԭͬ⣬ǷҶܹһǷĵɡۿҶС˵
룬ҶС¶һĨЦݣȫû⣬ʮȻλһĵĶһЩ
üͷһ塣
ǵģϾͬ磬ĻϰԶһĲ죬ϣɳ˲Ҫһ磬ͽЩΪ΢˵һնɱҪһͬʣǸĹƶȣҪ󲢲ǺְܹɣҶСĿһɨ˵
ߣǿʳبŲĵʱĵһ˵
˵ĻǲǿǸиֶǰʧ磬նɱЩΪСˣҶСʵ
㡭ĵһ˵˻
ǿԽܡǵ۷ˣͬ
˶ͬ
ڴͨй飬Ҫλȥ⣬λСһЩҶС絭һЦָָ졣
ҶСĶ㶣漴ɫ䡣
û뵽ҶҲˣѹôͲ߳һɫӡ
ʮպǻϣʱ򣬷ҶܸһǷĵĶ
ϣƿնȥʧͥԺС
ʧ󣬲ûлصԵĵطУ˵ĵط˹ͬģܹһС
һɫޱȣƺʲôһ㡣


2365 װɹ
û뵽Ҳоˣѹһֱܵ͵ɫص˵
һЩҲ֪ˣҲδһ£ΪϾܲ淢ʲô飬벻áǵۻ˵
ʱʱ򣬻һ㣬ʱƺֵĸƵˣʱᷢʲô޴ı仯ǿƽԭλڵΪΣֽ⳶ҶСϡ
͸ƺǰˡմһĨɵ
Ϊǿѵܹͬʱսʤǲɣҹһܲӡ
ǵۣôΪħ۽ĿͶǵۡ
Ȼ͸ȴоЩˣֲ˵ӣǸһֵֺĸоǵü޷ȷô¡
һ𣿡۳Ƭ̣ʵ
ܣǳܹһУȥδܹڵǵҡҡͷ
˻
Ƕ̲סһû뵽ҶС罨õǳôǿ
һħ۸̾
ȵȰɣʮ󣬿ܹһʲô֤뿪˺ô꣬ЩһҲһ
ʱҶС罫˹ȥߴǿߵ飬뽫֮ȥҴ·һЩ߿ƼƷһЩ֤
С磬㡭ôӣûжã̾ҶСڵͥԺҶС߰׵˫ʱʧɫޱȡ
ѵҾͲܱǲرϲڵӣҶС絭һЦ˵
ʱˣ㻹ЦʲôӣλԶ䡣˵ҶСܹĸܵĻǷĵġ
ȻǺŵġ
ЦģҪ棬ҲǳһӶѣýţûµġҶСЦЦ
û£ٴʵ
ȻģǰҪһˣҴһϢʮͨҪ׵Ĵˣʧ֮µĸֽ٣һҪ׼
ͨҪˣ̾ȵ˵
򿪲ˣʧ絮ĸر࣬ǲľ뽫ͼһѾĿ˺磬һ˸ͶԸôķǿߣο·ҲЩݣͨ򿪣δһ¡
ģѾˣ·ˣִǸĹҪȻնɱҶСĻɱڡ
ãһ֪ͨȥġһڴӦ
ˣ⣬ƼǱһ취ܹϢݹǼǿҪǸһʵʱĶܹһĹпǸͼ񣬵ȻҪĵطȫΡҶС˵
õģ֪ˣһᾡġ˵
ҶС㽫͵˳ңͨе󷨣̴һ
̽ͨҪ򿪵飬ȫһĸ߲㣬߲ûнϢֱӷ˻磬ÿ˵ݿϡ
һϢȥ綼ˣܶƽʼ´ʧ罵ٵ˻Ǵѡ
֪Ϣһ׼ɱɱʧߵ硣
ԴҶСʧ󣬹ʧֲеͼ綼е߶ʧ
Ҳʧ߱ȱΪ
ȻҲҶСҪƼǱߡ
ֻǶ̶ʱ䣬ƼǱ߾һ취ͨƵ߲źţڻɳĮǱ߰װһ߲ͨ˹ȥȻ׼Ǳ߰װһװãһװá
ж๦ǣЩǴرĶ
ɳĮǱߵĶһСʱͰװɹˣ̾͹˼ƼļԱ
ڻ߰װһշװãȻ㱻ֺ
ȴǿߵĵ
˵ʮʱǰʱѰҶС磬ҶС罫ǣȥԭǱߵ˼빤ҪǱ߰װշװõȵȡ
ڿƼ飬һ㶼ֻҪ̡
Ÿǽһ£ҶС㽫񽻸ˣɻմŴӺļԱװصĶ
ʱ䣬һжѾˣϿƯĿǡ
ⲻܹЩǿͨһĵԿҲܹҶСͺĸֿʧеط顣
һõ飬ҶСȻܸˡ


2366 鷳
ӺǼƼԱİװԣһжѾ󹦸ˡ
ҶС罫߿ƼӰʾ䷢Щǿߣеķǿ߶ӵУһЩǿ񾳸ҲӵС
ɺ죬ߴǿΪףʧ߷һͨ棬˼˵ͨͨѾˣֻҪ֮µĸ֣Խ룬ȴҪǸĹ
Ϣݳȥ߶ͬʱҲʮ㣬ܶ߶ȥ硣
ҶСĵ߸ͿߣƶĲë֮أûжٸ֣ǽȥЩо鼶ġ
ȻҶСڳ̤һ飬
˵ȥ·ռһж١
ܶ˶Ϊʧѹ̫Ҫȥɷɡ
ϧǲᵽǺҲи֣Ҳ
ڣЩ˺ĸ֪ӵĺ·ȱ۷𳡣˵ԼĻϣݿֻݿܹں棬ҪȻȥ˺ܶطȥ
۷ֵ壬Щ˺ĸֶΪʵȻЩޣǻǺܺõѹסԼĵС
ݿַǺйںĻ򣬻лЩǶûô⣬󣬲ŷһиĸͲͬ
һµ磬һƵϵһȫķȣܶණǼΪİ߲ͬô
ʲô˵ΪѾǿˣݿܲѸٵ˽
ȻһЩֱ͸ĸֱԣʤģʧܵġ
εıԺʧĸ֪粢ѾԺڵˡ
ϾǲͬĹɹˣһЩԽ飬һ壬棬նɱһвͣ
ԴʧֽҶСоǿߵϢ
ûҶСͬ⣬ȻԼֱӳҶСͥԺò⡣
ǰҶСЩɻ󣬲֪ΪλǰΪߴǿһţ˽
ǿ߽ɫÿ
֪λǰʲô飿ҶСĿһɨֱʵ
ҶΪλһ֣ĵֱһʵĿʵ
ΪΣǴĵΪβƻ󳹵׿ţҶСĿ䡣
㡭ǿʶƻҪĵطչǰĵЩŭ˵
Ȼ㶼˵ˣΪηҪҽЩܵĵطչǰοЩطǿ󷨣չֳҲ鿴ǶǵҪط״򿪣κ˶ԽĻôҲҶС絭˵
ҶСһ仰λǿ߶侲ǳԼ嶯ˣҶСǸ绹и
ҶҲǿǲܣǶһû뵽Ѿչ̶ֳȣǿһװܶĶЩϼһﶼǹʱˡ΢΢һ̾˵
˵ɫÿ˲٣Ҷ¶һ˿Ǹ⡣
ǱŭҶС鷳ϣҶСһǲŷǺһҪ⣬ǾǺҶСĵ̡
Ǻǣǧ귢չĽʱؼ΢Ͳֻܹ¹򣬲Һãؾޱ䣬Ҳı䣬ǵʶ˼ĸƣҲƼû£λȤĻҿΪλһҶС翴˵
ǾʹŷҶˡǫ˵
߸ڿƼȷʵ˽⣬Щ¥ãַͧһɵۣ֪ʲô⡣
ǻԼᣬĶ󣬲ò̾ѾˣҲˡ
ΧʯһȦҶС˸߿ƼͶӰƴĵͼУޱȡ
ͼҶСĵ㶯ƶһ߿ƼͻĵĽ⣬˵;ʷȵȡ
ҶСĵĽ֮£ǿһ㶼ûвͷӣ෴ѧꡣ
ҶСĽŪЩʲôԼ;һŸмȥ


2367 ʮſǳ
ǿȥҶСҲһʵ󽵣߸˵Ķֻ֣е͵¡
ʱʧһֺͺһļΪңսǳңÿһ춼һĸȥҲ̤Ųʬǽһ硣
ں飬ҶС罻˻ѹ󣬲Щ񾳸ֽУҶ񾳸ѹ󣬻ϲ⣬ʲô⣬лų
Ժǿ߷ֿҶСȫȫ״̬£еһ鶼ӣѪ޼Ǵ
һֲҾĽ׶Σܶ콾׷𣬶ʱھͳ񾳺ڣһŷǿ߽׶γơ
ʱһһȥҶСȻڱչأҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ͻȻ䣬ҶС˫Ŀɫޱȡ
оؼĹȫûκףҪȻعͻȻı仯»ڱչء
ʲô飿عôͻȻ仯ѵ˵ģҶСü
ˡ
ʱռ䶼΢΢Ĳʧ绹Ǻ磬һĻúܶˣҲúܶ߿ֻŲ֪ʲô顣
һֱôȥ£ǵΪҲһսҲ󽵡
ʱŹĻңռ𶯣ĻϣһС㣬ЩҲԽˣɢ˵ǻԡ
ǳ죬֮ϾȻǳһ̼䣬ܶ߶
ǳ׷ʲô飿
ʮţȻʮſǳӦ֮ܶиˡ
ʮľţȥһ˭֪
˭Ҳû뵽֮ϾȻͻȻʮſǳһ֮лʲô
ܶж˼顣
ʱĻЩǳͻȻ䱬ǿĹǻԣγһǻк¡
ҶСչĿһǻ۽̨㳡ϵΰУ䣬ǻԺΰƺһ˿ϵ
˿кµһǻҶСüʮţãѵ˵ڷǿߵѾԲˣЩǻЩǿ߽ܵϵҡ
ˣ˵ЩûйϵԭˣҲãʡı¶Щ˵ҰСҶС룬ƺʲô
ʱԼһСʱңؼĹָҲٲˣʮŵǻȫʧʮſǳȴȻĻϣΨһ仯Ǿʮſǳ̶ȡ
ԽĻǳԽԽڱԵԽǰ
ž֮ϵǳҶСþòͻȻ䣬Цԭˣǳ̶ʵйأʵǿķǿǳΪʵ򰵵
ǳ̶ȴʵ飬ҶС翴ˣҲ˳
ʱЩǿͷž֮ϵǳһӱѰҵԼǳͬʱҲǳЩǿߵĴ
ݣƵʮǹǵվһϣգüͷ΢壬һǳô񣿻ʲô취ܹ䣿
һ̼䣬ǵüܶķǿ߶üûв³ĵǸ˴ǳ
뿴ʵΣû뵽Ϳص̫ˡڣ
ںƽԭڵҶС˵뷨ҲûȤ֪
ԴʮſǳֺδƺһƬģûκεķعҲı˺ܶ࣬Խƺܶණһ㡣
ǰߴǿǵЭȵƺʧЧˣֺ֡
ǿ߶ܵˡҶС絭һЦ
֪ЭʧЧˣǿҲ׶ͨ˳֣ΪЩ飬ʮǿߵĿĶǽ뵽˵еǸ磬飬ǴҪġ
ҶСоһɾ޴ķ籩ıҲһ¶һִĸоҲ˵ɡ
ҵΪǻָԭĵزôǿߵΪҲڲϽҲ֪ںǲ
ҶС˵űպ˫ĿܹоԼֳȥôѾγһ壬Ҷɳ
Щ߶֪ԼҶСһĨγɵ壬ŸԵĹ켣ŲͬĹһƽĴ̤֮;ΪΪɫĴڡ
Щ˽ǿߵڡ
Ҳ֪жûȫѣµȫѵһ̼䣬ұ̤ҶСŹâͬʱڴ


2368 ħ
عľ޴仯ƬĻı仯úܶ𾪲ѣҲƬǿյĶ
˿̣ں磬Ǵʧĸֶܹ֮ϵǳ
ÿһǳһǿߣʮǿߵĳ֣ﵽһԲ֮˹ı仯
ʮſǳĳҲƬǿѾΪ買磬Ϊо̫Եʣ˼ı仯ƬǿյĿռΪȹˣѹҲˡ
Ҳһǰ˺ܶ౶ѹͿռȹҲﵽ˺ʧͬĳ̶ȡ
ģҿʲôȻһڳ˺ҧ֮ƣ۵ףҲѪĿʼҹĻʱȻž֮ϵǳŵ˵
ƺѾûм˹
ʱ仹ȻΪ̫âڵǳĹȫڵסˣֻǴǿʮſǳ¶
ǵҹǳǣڿ˾֮Ϻ˵һĻ
ڵĻϣֻʮſǳޱÿһޱǳΧһſǳЩǳȻһ
ʮϳһȺͼƺÿһƣҪɣΪؼס
ܶ˶ĻϵһĻͼ
ƵʮǹУһγɵĹͼϣǵĻΧһööССĹ㸡ƺʲô
ͻȻ䣬ɫ䣬ãսҿȻƬǿѾ˷ʢʱ򣬵ȴдҷδһƬѪ׹ǴʱҪҡ
ѵǿ֮ҪôǴδһ˿򣬻ǹŪ
ǵ¶һĨء
ʱǵɫÿкüǿɫÿ
磬ͨڸУ\ľ۹һ˫һ֯ƺѾδһĻ¶һĨɫ
ôѾͻƳΪ˷ǿߣΪȻѾҶЩʱˡ
Ҫ硣\ľ۹˵һ仰һʧˡ
ľ۹ԶһƬУһɫ۵Ҷȶƺʲôƺ
ͻȻ䣬\ľ۹Ӱͳǰ
۹ôˣҶ˫Ŀʡ
㣬ȥ磬ҿδǿ߻ս¸鷳ľ۹˵
룬Ҷ濪˵㻹Ȼһϵһ£뷨
áľ۹Ӧ漴ʧˡ
صһ󣬺ľ۹ҶСϵԼδһĻҲҶС磬ľ۹ĻҶС粢ûʧ磬Ȼں磬ǡ
Ȼľ۹кܲ⣬ͬ
һյһ̣ؼŨ˼£ߵĵϣǽɫԻⰵ˺ܶ౶
䡪
ɫϱһɿµ
һ̼ϸ΢ƺʲôһ㣬ɫϣܶطѾˣкɢ
䡪
ڣɫ׵ˣҲֱ飬ããһ޴УдɫðһħӰ֡
ٺ٣ζѪʳԾ鷢йˡ
Ƿӡסǵġ
һɭԵޱȹ졣
һ̼䣬ħϣ˾Χϵ߶ˣзǿ߾ˡ
ݣУڿۿǿͻȻһƬħƳʱƺ뵽ʲô
ɫһ䣬á
Ӱֱʧ
ƽԭǳصĳڣڽɫһ˲䣬ƺоʲôһ㣬룬ɫüΪء
ʱɢݸӣȥǱһˣ
ҶСҲȥһˣоʱ׽һ̤֮ǰ͸оƺһصעоΪĲˬƺһܶûС
ĸʱ;һ߳ȥǹȻϲָо
׼ȵľһ̶߳ȥǵ콫صעתƵʱ
ʱʧ״Ҳ⡣
ͳεΧڣһޱȵĳǳͻȻǷ˵һ㡣
䡪
һߴʵΡĴ¥ըһҽԭ¥λóһ޴ӡ
ںħӰð
˵һģһˡһֻ޴ĺɫצӴһߴɵĺɫӰؼ䡣
ȻΣ˺ܶ൹ֱ̣ħצӣħϣΪײС
תۼ䣬ħΪһõħ˫ĿѪĹâ


2369 սħ
ʮſǳգĻȺħĳ֣ƺԤʾһҴսĿʼ
ʧ磬оħķǿǷ׷˶Ƭشħϣ޴Ѿڵˣһֱֻħħ֡
һĻǰķǿǶһ
鷳ˣ϶һͨͨžЩײޱȣֻɱ¾ôͨҪӡ¶ˡһǿ߸̾һ˵

ƨҴֻԼ졣
ôΪʧİΣ뾡Щɶħʲô硣
һǿ̸š
ﲻۼһЩǿǿߣкܶ񾳸Ҳ˹
Ҷû׼ͻȻ䣬۽ĿͶӡ
˵ҿԴӵ˵ԸˣΪ䵭
ô˵üΪҶСǰ˳㿴ûʲô취ܹӡǸͨû뵽ҶС羹Ȼûǰ
ٺٺ٣ŵʳζˡͻȻ䣬һɭޱȵ֣쳹Ƭؼ䡣
漴һһɽӰӹħгɫƬЩƬϣ·һβڵϣƿΪˡ
ԭĵطȥħ˫Ŀбų۶ɵֱֱ˹ȥ
ʱмΪĲˬľħڿ˺ͬħħǣʮֵƺЩħħ
ء
ƾֻħħϣƺƺƣڷħһ֮£ըѣħɢɫѪҺɢ¡
һĻܶ˶һַǿ߿ħ۵¶һĨɵ
ղֻħ۷壬ӣҲзۼĸ֣һ̿²ô򰡣΢΢һ̾˵ɫޱȡ
Ƚħ˵մۿڣ˫Ŀ˽ɫϽãһ顣
ҫݡ
մ˵ĸ֣ϵĹâӴˣ֮ϵ̫ǹľħƺ˿һ㣬ѩһڣаȫɢΪ˴й
Щħȫʧʱ¶һ޴ޱȵУƺͨһ磬䣬Ĺ򴫵˹Щħƺ޾һ㣬Ȼϵɢ
һĻմüַʽвͨˣħƱҪռһƬط
ħھо൱ǵ޾ͨΪͬͨЩħɢҲ󣬲ǧҪЩħɢҪĻǵ鷳ʹˣֹĻò˼꣬ͻ᳹׵ݡ
ûȶ֣ľħָֻԭˮƽǸ޴ڵסˡ
ʱһֻֻħðôĸʱϽݣȴΧЩ񾳸סˡ
սǿûг֣Ƕ˼Ÿôħ⡣
ǸͲ֪ЩħҪȻǺܿͻⶨһԲߡ˵
ҪȻԲܹЩǿħ磬ǷۼħǾǴѡɫص˵
ҵһɣ˳Ĭһ󣬴ĵۿ˵
˭Ը⣿һǿ߿϶ǲġ˵
ҡ³һ֣ҶСɳȥģȻҪһ
ǿͬǿУռݵռûĮ
Ȼˣλǿ߾񾳸֣˭ԸǲԣһҪԼʵУҪȻħʴˣ鷳ˡĿһɨ˵
˶˵ͷ
˶ʱУһֻ޴ħ֣Χǵǿҹע
񡢹񣬻м񾳸ֶֻǰ
һôʳﰡֻħ͸¶һ˷ܣͻȻĿͶ
ʶ㣬ܹ￪ͨһͨҪл㣬Ҫ򿪹ͨҲҲͨ꣬ٺ٣˵һģҵʳʹ㿪ʼɣһֻħ˵
䡪
ħ˳ֻһֻצǼצ˺˿ռ䣬ƺҪ˺Ѹ顣
ֻצӴﵽǰʮ׵ĵطʱֹͣƺһε赲ˡ
һֻ׺ݵҲΪʳ˵ϵһѾ޴ĸͷۣٻӶ£˾ûзӦʱ䡣


2370 սħ2

һƬĻƺһͷˣһᣲķֳ֣عҲնˡ
һֻħո޼ɵͷԼϢͳ룬ɫѪҺ£ҲĨɱ׵ʧ硣
˵ֻħҲ۷֣ӣӦǲͻƲãѾǵڶ̤۷ˣع򣬻л۵ĵ̸Ͳһֻħܹġ
ͨû뵽ЩħȻһͨޱ𾪵˵
ҲңҪҵýǿнµЩ˴Ӿ֮ǸҲ㡣
Щ𣬲𣬵ȴûһ˿ĺڣѡҲԥĽǵ´Ӿ֮
¾ɣǹħᶨ˵
ȥ˸նħԲЩħĻС
һ£ֶܶжѰŽħնɱֻҪħ֣һʱ֣ӳĶд©֮㣬ĸӦˡ
ӣ΢΢һ̾ȻתߣɢĴѲӣֻҪħټһʱϹȥ
ʱѾʶˣһкϵȻһѣݰ
ͨѾˣָͻųһǿߵħô͹ҶˣѾʱߵԽԽˣ˶ûˣһ־įĹ¶
Ȼܶϴ˻ϣҲĻϵǲ׽ͼݵһ
ʧ罵ٶµĺܶ߶뵽նɱħĶУһʱ䣬ڣж󱬷е߶¶
ھͨ£һϣݿѾ˾ͨ򿪺ΣҺ˶жֻҪħնɱûа취ģҪʱϢͨ
ͺȳȽʧ壬ϾϢݵıȽǺ磬Ѿһ߷չĿƼʱ
ʧ磬ֻж򸽽ˣЩǿķǿߺеǿ߲֪ͨ¡
ĸʱʧ֪˾ͨ򿪣ħܶԺиûоͨǸҲ֪ħʲôӶȲ
ӡĵ飬ںܶħĳЩħƤڴϣϸ鿴ͷֲˡ
һЩţɷߺѾħ棬ǻö֪ȵ֪Ѿˡ
ӡһһϢʧ磬ƫƧطٶ⵽塣
Щ䣬̣ʣһصëͷƬѪŨԹЩ䡣
һĳ֣˶ħطǳڵɳڸѲӣһԾĵطֱӷźš
̶ڣһǧֻħЩֲûзɣ֪ЩħǿθС˰ˡ
ǿħûȫأ˵ھ֮µľǿˡ
ħ飬ҶСȫˣڳҶСȻѾоһ١
ܶǿΪЩʵЩ㣬ֻȥЩ⻹֪ʲôʱܹȫѡ
ЩָĻ˭֪Ҫȵ£ֻܹϣԼŬϡ
ƽԭҲħ˵ƽԭкôлô߶ȽϼУǶڸǳУֻҪǳħ֣ƿ˳ǳ󷨵Щ󽫾ͻ
ΨһĻǵعϡһЩڰ·оͱħкˣҲЩƫƧҲܵħв
һϺĮһģĮعϡǾסĸӷɢѶȡ
Դ¼ʧѾγնɱħȳܶһΪʯԼ
ʣһУܹӱˣѾɾͷǷ
ԭȷӡƬطħɭɭħķΧѾ˺ܶ࣬ħ䣬кܶǿϢƺħЩħУǺ´ĵЩ֣һֱûдħ߳
ĵۡӣкüǿһأһƬռ䶼ǵĲ鿴֮£һǶûУֻҪħ뿪ħķΧǾܹ鿴
ЩħֹͣţЩħҪʲôˡһǿü˵ͬʱһǿߡ
ߣʲôŪĻ̡̻ĵɫܲÿ˵
ĵô˵ǿһֹӣվûпڡ


2371 ħ
ڴĵ۵Ļ²úһֲϢǹħб˳ǵأѹķ
һϢʱɫһ䣬һɫ
ǿߣǷǿߵϢħоȻ˷ǿߣһҪ
Ҳ֪ʲôı
һǿɫص˵
ǿҲһĸ֣ǴսɵƻޱȾ޴ģּսһעͻɢǶȻҪԴ
ʱĵ۵ɫѿ˼㣬ħг˷ǿߵϢֱڴĴ
ݼħˡ
һ𾴳ݵžħд
˶һħô˵νĵһħ𣬵ڶħ𡭡
ħɢѾ㹻ǿˣ˭֪ħǿʲôز
ʣȿʼֵĿ϶ЩΪȽϵ͵ħ𣬶ֵĲǿߡ
˶֣ԴʱǹħͻȻֻֿһħӰƮգƺʵ壬һĶϵϢȴ˲СԣһħӰǷǿߡ
һħӰΧһֻֻħ֣һģħӰ
һĻܶ˶ˡ
ЩħӰǾˣǺħȫһħٻʵģǴģֶɱʵĶࡣзǿ˵
˶˵ͷ
û뵽绹ȸ֣ҲҳһˣħԷ顣
һһħϴ˹
ߣǵľȥ粻ӭǡһǿ˵
٣糹ױռݺҲ˵ԴĻˡħɭһЦʱ䣬һ
·УĻʲôܹʧ˺һ㡣
ϻ࣬ɱ
ĵȴһϽ裬ΪһƬƬЩǵأȺħϯȥ

ʮֻħ㣬㱻ɣѪʧͷӶûʣ¡
ģȻһӾնɱô֣ǣζʳǡħһ˵
ʱ䣬һħ˳ȥһħӰ
ǿǶûг֣ǽĶŵħ˫ϵƶѾߵ㣬սһ
ЩħħӰѾʧս
ս֮ЩħӰ壬ͲҪ˺ΪϬĹαǹ۳ĵС
һӱ棬ԣѪӰЩƣƺѪӰǾһķ֧һ㡣

ͻȻ䣬һ۷ֲҽһһ첲նˣǶϿڴħƣƺŸʴֹ֫
Ϊ𾪵ն۷һֱ۵ˣȻһǿߡ
е˶ɫ䡣
ǿǵɫҲÿ΢΢һ鿴Ǳô¡
ԭЩħӰܹ뵽ڣȡĿȨһּΪ̬
СЩħӰҪǽӽܹ塣һǿѡ
񾳸עϽɫ֯ͲЩħӰɳ֮
ٺٺ٣ΪƾֹܹǾһ̫쿪ˡ
ħ˵漴ħϣɢ˷һض
ڹħڣƺʧȥеĸй١
ӡ
ĵ˫Ŀ磬ڷ趯ڿе
˫ֽһöӡһöӡƺһֿٵصصĹ
ӡݺĳһƣʱ䣬һͨ򴩣ΪĵķԲʮ๫ڵħɢֱӴӵħħ߳
һ⺮Ǭ䡣
˵
һԶϣŷǧɵĽâһâڹħ˵ۡ
ƺıһ㣬شӺҹΪİ졣
ƿħķ˳Ķŵħ
ǿҲǹħиͨԼǿĹûйãǿ߶ħ߳
ܹҵħ߳Щ죬㻹ǲħĿһɨǲм˵
Ŀֻڴĵۺ϶ͣƬ̣ƺ˸û˿ȤҲΪܹʲôش˺
ߣܿͻ֪
ĵԼߴǿ֮һȺǿŴͷãһȳ֡

ĵĸ֣˫ֲϽһϵиӵӡʱ䣬Χع֯任ƾγһ½أƬ½ϣף顣


2372 ս
ããУƾճһƬ½أǹ֯Ľ
зǿ߶УеֻԵħЧǿ
һƬ½ѹˣܵħ壬Ǹо˳ޱȵѹƺƬռޱȣ̶ȵӰԡ
Щ⣬ƺƬ½ϣһǿβסĽ䣬׵ǿ߶ԣվƬ½ϣˮٶȣԶ˺ܶࡣ
û뵽㾹ȻֶΣֶνЩ𣿡Ȼڴĵ¶ֶθе𾪣ħĵҲ׵ͷϣȻϷ䡣
ߣ㻹ʹȫֶΡĵһ˵
ڻµʱξʧˣʱ֮ϣһֻ޴Ľ̤ն£·ҪƬ½
һǿѹ٣ͬʱķ
ħɫһ䣬һӰ黯
ӰѸٵƺҪƬռ䣬ǳ׵ĻΪƬռеһ֡
¡
ǿľ޴ƣѹһУ֮£ռ飬һħӿռԻ۳˵ħӡ
Ǿ޴ƴǿѹ֮£ħɫޱȡ
̫ˣû뵽ĵ۾ȻңƬ黯Ĵ½һֶζ黯½Ǿ޴ΪĹħ𽹼롣
ȻӲһȷʵɱģֻдĵһ˵Ļ϶˵ᷴﻹǿ߻ɲġ
ħгӰ䡣
ħҧҧУһħðǹħӰ˵
𡪡
ħӳһ޵ӰӰƺڱԼķŭ
ʱһħȫӿӰУӰĳʵޱȣ·Ļһ㣬һʵ塣
һħڵħĿ£ŷһڵĻأŽٶµֻиȥ
¡
춯صĵ۵ֻ޴ƺƬ½ͬʱʧֻһħգɢļµ
ĵۣ˵ǿļ֮һû뵽ֶνֻôЩʵ̫ʧˡħſЦȫĵ۷
ƺħеû뵽ոմĵۺò׽ħ뵽һ֣û뵽ħȻǷؼ䣬ݶһ˶ûܡ
ħһңͬʱҲſޱȡ
ǡ
ʱϸ΢Ƭؼ˵ÿ˶ĿͶеǱħϡ
ֻǱħѳһѷ죬ħѾˡ
ء
΢΢ըѵħɲǼķѣһħϣ޴ıΪһѷ
ħѾˣҿ㻹ô赲ҵĹˣҿɲһˡʱֵ˴ĵ۴Ц
ܣܣҵħСħɴ۾һŵӣһħǧѼ˺ܶĲƶˣû뵽ħоȻˣ൱ڿԼϲĶ˻һ
㾹ȻһҵħУˡһ㳹׶ھģ㳢֮£ʮ˰ʹࡣ
ħΪ䣬ƺڵһ㣬ޱŨҵ˲
ħٿա
ħһһɫâðֲܣЩɫâȻȼ˺ɫĻ棬Щһòʵĸо
Ȼɫ濴Ϊ£ȴо¶ȣúܶɻ󲻽⡣

ͻȻ䣬һմȾ˺ɫ񾳸ֲҽ˶ƺȼˣɫ
ĲҽĵһƬ䡣
ǲҽֹͣʱ񾳸ϺɫϨ¶һ壬һȱƺûʲôһ㡣
ԣǺɫԵ˵ܹ꣬˵곹׵ȼСġϸĿ˿Щħ棬ĵ۸Ͻѡ
ħ漫Ϊ£ǿߣֱ˵ϣǿȻֿܹ˳㻹ܹħԼǺܴһ˶ֵסħ档
ûõģǸ޷赲ǾһصĹħٴοЦһϷӡ
ϣûʲôʱȱģǿĹȱ㡣
ĵ˵ΪһǿߣȻҲоħǿ󣬻΢΢ʹ࣬Ȼᶨ˵ˡ
ԿղҾӰ쵽ЩɫĻ档ͻȻ䣬һǿ˵
ʾзǿ߶ַԿЩħ档
ħ첻κӰ죬ħɫѿ


2373 ¶ս
ʱ䣬һǿɢⷽռ䣬Լγһ㡣
һΪħжôǿԭǵСһǿߺǲм˵
¡
ǿߴһһ죬۳һĳһ֮ɢΧĿռŤγһڵѷ졣
г߸߾Ȼһն£һεɢ綼Ǳֳһ㣬֮Ϳռȫѣ·֮ϵ¶иһ
Ȼⴿһִǵ֮ЩطĹ߶ˣƻˣŸһĸо
̺ϡ
ǿֵ߳ɲǼ䣬ҲˣҲһͻƵķǿߣһƷǿߣʵȻǱѰ
һȦȦƴɢƲԣԽԶЩԽͣˮޣƿ񱩺ˣһһ㣬һһ
ƺһִȻĸоƺЩܹ˾Уʬ޴档
֮硣
һǿϣһⱬ˳γһһУգ︴ħĸ֮⣬̶ȵЩħ
ǿҲˣһǿޱȵЩǿУԴĵۺ˵ĹΪǿ
λǿߵĹǺεȵǿǶعѾ̵˼£֪ʲôܹǵĹںΪ޴
ʱǵħʵǿҲɵͷƤ飬ϣԼС˶֣ʵܹȴĵǿôһ˿˿ǿߣĵҲûжٰա
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Ⱥħ裬һгħ
ħ˫һħӡ򶯶һֻֻħӰðǵأڵħһħԻħУֻɱ¾͸ࡣ
ƺֻҪմȾһ˿˿˾ʹ˳١
䡪
ƴıը֮쳹һ䣬һɹħܾиָĹâ
ǿߵĴսУǿĲΧһЩħɥһЩǿߡ
ǿսĲʵ̫ˣΧĺˮϾϰɣֱǻĿʼ
Щɢ󣬵ħӰ˺ܶ࣬ϢҲЩȶǿȴûʲô仯
ǿվλ˼ı仯ǽħΧ룬һǿƱƺƾƾҪħѹ
һսΧܶ߶оˣһЩԶۿһƴսҲһЩֱӲ˶ԿħսС
ǾȻңܺãħ١
ħܱ䣬·ǳ׷ŭһ㣬΢õʵƺһѪ⣬ϢҲ˺ܶࡣ
ϾħɢЩħγһƬ硣
һжǺɫģɫľɫأкɫĺħУǴ֮
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ħ𵭵֡
֮ħеǿϾȻоħƣϡϥǡ첲еɣƤкɫƬγɡ
ħı־ħҪǿ߳׵ͬǱħһӡ
ߣˣħҵҲԼ㲻䡣
ĵ˵ɫâһƺųԲһķΧ׳磬ħЩħͲְ֡
ҲųħͬʱչԼ򳡺ħԿ
ħУҪԿֶ䣬ʴһеͱԼ򳡡
նѡ
۴һڵħųħһռ̮һӲˣҲħ˳ȥ
һõħɫһ䡣
пա
ѵãӹϳ֣󳤽ԶʣΪһ޴ޱȵĳӽħײһ뿪ħ
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ϸ΢ħڣѷ첻ϲħ򼴽ס
ŵ
ȵħӦõһǿ߻ӶŵɳĵӰħ˺ѡ
ŵӰƺγһǿƣķɱ˵ħ
ȻħУΪħѾһ㣬ħ𲢲ܹƿⷽˣǾŵӰһӽΧƺҪѳɾŷݡ
ħס
Ҫͷħſ³һھޱȵϰ꣬ǧľЩϣγһɫס
ɫϣһ·֣˼ܡ
ϡ
һײǿħϣһۣЩԶ޷ĥǿ󵶷ڽеԵʡ


2374 п뱯
ǾŵӰǿĹ£ħ׻ħҲĿ¾Ȼ˲ᡣ
֮ӡ
ʱһһ𣬲ħգһɫӡٶ£һĻǷӡŵĹϻôӡѹš
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ħγɵħʹ飬ٴο¾ʵ黯
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ǿɫЩ԰ףǶ̶ͬȵˡ
𣿡һǿ
»ûУҪնɱһǿߣѡһǿ˵
֮ӡѹƬռ佥ָݻԭûʲôֱΨһͬǣ˵ħټ
ǿ߽ŵĶŲǰħʧĵطʱһڵѷ֣ΧĿռֱ飬ħӰ֡
ϵħѾʧˣʵת飬Ϣ½˺ܶ౶ƺˡ
ɽ
⡣
ա
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ħٴγ֣ǿٶȳ֣ǽԼʵӵ˼¡
ǿµĹŻԵϢŵħ𹥻ȥʣû⣬˿µĹ£ħԻ䣬Ϊʱĵڶǿߡ
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ۿ˵ĹҪڵħϣѣһֻħֳ֣ϵƣѹһУǿϵϢԷ
ħ֣ݺһץƺҪߵħ
ߡ
ʱһӾ֮ϴݶ£Ĳƺǰ̾һɱȷݻҪֵˮ𣬻ΪһȻն¡
ٶȳԽһУ۷ֶ޷׽һĹ켣
ꡪ
һ֮£ֻħһӾͱնˣ˹ħɢ
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λǿ߶ûǸħ¡
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䶨ʱⷽؼ䣬ֻʣ˵ħ𵭵Ӱ
ҵħڣúҾһͻ᳹磬߳ƬΣʱһڣ
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ڵħʧʱƬǿ΢΢𶯣һƬƬ£쳹ķضƺΪһǿߵ
Ļϣʮſǳеһű˼ΪõĹâ漴׹䣬ʧ
ԣһǳŵħǳʧ䡣
ⷽؼʣһžޱȵš滹Ź
ǿ໥һۣ֪ʲôһжɻ
ݡ
˵ĲУŷѳ֣˳ȥֵţƽģЩ̺࣬Щ̺١
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˶û㣬ĵȴŷɹš
ǿڵʱбŷ˿µĹâϵϢǡ
ܵȫתǵΪҲѾԼ۷壬ǸоԼΪȻڲţڹж˼֡
ǡϵϢôôࣿ
ԶһЩֵɴ۾вЩǿߡ
ѵѵЩŵԵʣ
ܶ˶⾿ô¡
ˣԭĻȺͼ˼ԭ˼أҪȥ첻ʰͻȻ䣬һǿһ漴ʹ
ô£ʲôȺͼʲô˼¶˲֮ɫ
˶һɳ죬ͳţϧܹɹֻһˣĻϣʮſǳԼΧγʮҪΪյΨһһΨɱǾ˵ǿҪٵΪֻҪնɱǿߣǵΪһ۷¶һĨ
ȻȻĲпᡣ
ǶҪΪǿߣӹŽû뵽ǿҲеһӣǿеʳ
ܶж¶һɱΪǿѾ۷ˣѾңˣû뵽ǿߵľ磬пĿʼ
Ļʲô壿÷ǿ߶һƽƽܹȣС
ĻϣȺͼյڽ⿪ˣȴúܶľ˼ĲҲ˼


2375 ºನ
첻ʣʧȥ˶ǷǿҲеӣƾڲ
Ҫ޳ɷǿߣϧΪǿߵһ˲䣬ҲһľУҪѾˡ
Χ鲻ͬǿߣ˵ħ͹һΪ¶ϲɫ
ͬһ˲䣬Ƕ˫ĿҲ֪еյףҲ֪ĻͼĴֻҪնɱǿߣɶԷ۳ľ͹
ǿ໥֮侯ĶˣΪ˷ֹΪԼ͵Ϯ֡
λףǺ죬ĴǾЩǿߣ˴ˣôŵġʱĵ۹һЦ˵ն
ĵ˵Ĳ֮ûбҪӣǸ뷨ҲǶֵʱϾڵΪ˺ܶ࣬Χǿ߻ġۿ˿һ˵
ǿ룬Ҳоʲô뷨ڶҶ֣ⱻȺϹ
û뵽նɱǿߺ󣬻ǿ۵͹֮󣬾ͿǵΪˣ⣬ݹʱǰʱƺûбֲ˵һжʱĻĵ΢΢һ̾˵
˶֪¶ζʲô
عȻݱ÷ǿ໥ɱװ
ΪΪԻǿ߳֡
ÿ˶۷壬̤Ǹǿľ磬Ǿ̫ˣҪôǿӱҪǿΪҪġ
ǻ𣿡ͻȻзǿѯʡ
Ϊʲôأĵ۷һ䡣
¾ҪҲǿ٣滻ȥƺܲʣ˭ͷ񣬵һǿ߶֣ΨнĿתĸ֣ǽջһǿȲѡۿ˵
ȷħΪǵһĶûУľ͹ֳݣֻõеһݣҲΪٽʡǧСĵŹâ˵
Ҳ˸뿪ʱˣԷ˶ĿͶǣǺǡ
ĵ۵Ļ˶˵ͷ
״ĵ۵˼ǿߵѹǶȻ뿪أȴܹװ뿪ҪҪһЩô
ʱ֮ϣһȽȽ𣬺ʮ˿ǳ໥ӳġ
ԣͻƵ˷ǿߵľ硣
ڶߵ飬ܿ켸˶֪ˣǿž⣬һ߸ķǿߡ
ƽԭĳǳڣҶСһͥԺڣͥԺϿһƬĻɣƬĻеľȻǶǱߵľ
Ǿ֮ǸͼȻڳ̤һǶ飬˽ĺġ
ععı䵽ѵҪǷǿɱɣԲҪ֮һеĶ涼ŽһȵʣµһΪǿġҶС
һµĹ򰡣ʧҾ־Ҫӽ쿪ʼˡ
Ҳ֪ǿߣΪɶӰ졣
䣬ҶСоЩǸܹӰıڶԷʲôıͲö֪ˡ
ܾҪҿˣһǾʹɣǿߣԺǸҲûʲôôϣ˶ѣȻںϡҶС
ȻƬǿս˷ʢĽ׶ΣߵΪĺܿ죬񾳸ָǶ಻ʤҲһҾֵĿʼ
ʱĻԻͻڼ¶ʢһ̼Ļ
УħʵѾ¶һ֣ҶСʱսҲǶԷĶ֣ħѾǿˣôħǿʲôز
ҶСֹ֪ħ𹥻ĴˣĴѾʱʵǿޱȣܹõĴ񶼶ܲô¼䣬϶бҪǿĴڡ
ͨͨԶǿ߶ԼͬԶǸоüµϢ
Ƭ̼䣬ۡǵ۵ȵȣʮǿ߶
̣֪λǰʲô飿ҪһɣĵĿһɨ΢΢һЦ˵
ǰԲֿ˵֪ԼߴǿеʵΪѾۡǵ۵Ǹ𣬿ɵö˺ܶ࣬Ұĺ˺ܶࡣ
üͷ΢΢һ壬Щϲĵ۵ĿҲ֪ĵΪ˺ܶ࣬пѾԼ漴Ȼˡ


2376 
εлˣնɱ˵ħ𣬻֪ʧɶأ
΢΢һЦһм˵мϣֻԼ֪
л˭Ƕվڴ½˵أĵ۷ǳƽ˵
ǿ߶üǸоĵ۱˺ܶ࣬ƺԴ󣬿һжΪʵԵʡ
ǰʱ򣬴ĵλǿеʵǵˣʲôʲô飬ͲƽʱĻҲ٣Ⲣû
ʵȻλǿߵѹ£Ȼᷴĵ׿϶ǲġ
Щʵ˵ʱạ̊́ȵʵǿ󣬾ͻᱬԽѹƣԽ̣󱬷ԽǼңʴĵ۾ˡ
ǺǣħʵǶѾ˽ĲˣӶԷϾܹжϳ϶еħ𣬵ħ𡭡ħʵжǿ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣҵ˼Ϊ˲ҪʧҿЩϼһɣϢһʱ䣬ʱˡۿ˿λǿ߿˵
һΪλǿӣʵĿģֻǼ֪
ۣһ㶼࣬նɱ˵ħǵʵ˺ܶ࣬ڵħزʲô¡ĵЦЦ˵
˼Ѿȷˣڸ۵ˣѾ֪ԷĿˣԷĿɾҪնɱķǿߣΪ
֪λΪ˺ܶ࣬ǵΪûȫɣЩӦûøλΪں̵ܶʱڹ̡óһЩΪĶǶΪкôġ
ĵۿ˿ȻĿͶˣ˶˵ͷʾͬ⡣
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֪ǲԸ⣬뿪۵˱ǵʵǲ磬һ˳ͻпЩ˻ȫ䡣
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ĵԽԽʶȤˣߡۺǲ˵
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شҶ˵ħʱ˰ɣ֮ûܹԸˣ벻Ȼһ˿µǿߣ˭֪绹᲻ǿأᣬһҪΪҪȻҲûЩϼһĻˡĿһɨ˵
˶˵ͷᰡĵ۾һܺõӣĵҲǵˣһ󣬶ʹɫѾǸоŭͲˡ
ҪΪΨնɱǿߡħɱڵ˵
⣬ǿߵɫһ䣬ĬƬ̺Щǿ߽Ÿָ뿪ƺ⵽ǿߵΧɱ
ҲʶȤ
Щǿȥһ
ҪãնɱЩӾ֮½ٵķǿߣӶΪ
Щ鶼ûӹҶСĲ鿴
չϵôõˣʱ໥ҶС΢΢̾һ仯عıһУ˺֮ĹϵǷǿ֮䡣
˵Ǻ˺ܶࡣ
ҶСԺƽԭкЩͻ˷ǿߵˣǵΪСǿķǿУѾΪΪĽݾ
ݼ
ʱһͥԺ⴫ݶӵΪ˺ܶ࣬˾°һɣӵӣҶС粻ɵѩˡ
ǵΪѾ۷壬ΪǿѾԶˣΪǿһ£ܶͷվ۷壬ڿе۷ֶԸͻˡ
ɣ
ҶС絭˵һ䡣
ӴͥԺ˽ҶСȻܹ
飬ûκȫҶС磬漴ĬȴҶСʻ
Ѿ֪ˣıһУҲǰӽˣǺǣǲǺնɱ㣬ΪҶСЦʵ
˵
ңǺǣܣû˻űˣЩԼģôȥˣڵܹһǿһǿ߸ͲܡҶСҡҡͷ
ģҲֵģնɱ㣬ҵΪҲˣҺǲͬԺͻˣԺСĵ㣬ΣգͻصҲնɱġֺ˵
лл
ȥɣѲһǺƽԭҪúƽԭ̫ҡҶС˻֣ɫƺЩƣ


2377 
ȵ뿪ҶС¶һĨ
һʼʱӵѣΪҲһˣڣعĸı䣬˶һ˿ķ֮ĹϵγһѺۡ
ܹǿߵ̬ˣеķǿ֮䶼໥ţĸ
ȫģֻԼͽͺˡ
ʱпᣬѪ֮ǵ飬ǵζˣƺѾΪħ
ʱʧ飬Ѿݵ˺磬Ҳ֪ɾͷǿߺ󣬾ͻᱻΪжΪʳ
ܶ۷ĸֶ򲻵ѵʱ򣬶߳ȥΨԼͻȻΪ˷ǿߡ
սܼңħᣬնɱ˺ܶ࣬˾޴ѡ
߳һ֧֧ħСӣնɱħΪ٣ƺֻ飬ܹ˵һѪԡ
ΪħԵʣԴӵħնɱһ죬ûħ٣ֻһЩСϺ״ӹħð
ǸͨƺʧͨȫͬʧðЩħӰΪħǺܶ࣬Ӻ߳ĶЩħûνħӰ
ЩħӰľ֮ˣħǱʱЩȻӡĹѡ
նɱһħͨУûħðƺǺˣԤıʲôƣ˭Ҳ֪ЩħʲôĴ㡣
ͨڣֻҪǴģħǷǿߵħ֣ʲô鷢
οУзۼǿߡ
Դӵħնɱʮʱ䣬߶ԵúƽЩÿ޷ǶѰЩħնɱ
ܶѾǷ׵ƺüȥʲôǣջΪͽ¡
ȻЩߣ־ᶨޱȣûʲôܹ赲־ΪУҪסһĥѣֻܹʵһɽ壬մﵽ塣
ܶ۷ѾҷӡһΪ׼۷ۣ۵һ׶ʱٶͻƣӾͲΪǿ׵Ĵˣ˵һ˿Ļʵ۷塣
۵ȻͨڣƺȴħĽ٣ϧЩħʮ궼δֹ
ͨħÿ춼ðħѾռ˺ԲһٹĿռ䣬Ϊƴ
öǶȥĻ˭֪Щħ᲻Ὣɡ
ͻȻ䣬һʱڣħҲûħħӰðˣƺ
Խǰ۵Խǽž裬֪̫Ѱˣ϶Ҫʲôġ
ȻһºħͻȻ䱬˳˳һӿǿһɫ䣬ȴƺ±ħ
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һħӰ֣ȥǳ棬أѹѹһƬƺҪƬضҪڵ
ЩħӰУʲô߶С
һĻλǿɫѿޱȣ֪ʧҪܴˡ
ЩħӰѣһʮ־ˣ˲
ɱ
ȳ֣һֻɫľ޴γɣݺһץֻħӰڽɫֵĹ𣬳׵ʧ硣
۷ŭˣѾʧ翴Լ֮ԼأЩħӰԼϺУвŭ֮
οЩħӰʱ˳ֱںݺݵشǵĶⰡ
ȫˡ
۳֣ɫâ䣬ЩħӰƬƬķ
ǹޡ
ǵ˫ֻһööӡЩӡɢܣƺؼĳֹĶ
֮ϣһǻԽ£ÿһǻж̺ſµĻ
һǻնɱһֻħӰһǻԽ䣬˲նɱϰֻħӰ
̫֮ȼ˻ġ
մҲˣĹЩħӰĿǣƺ˻棬һֲܣնȼ

棬ЩħӰ˼ΪҵĽֱӱճޣմ۵Ŀ̫֮ʥҲĴڣνаħĿǡ
ܶħӰһĻϽ룬ǲ±۾޴飬±̫ʥգʹޱǿҵġ
Ȼһĥһ˲ĹȻѡۡ


2378 һǷϵ

аһЦгһ״ĵУелӶһ˳
ʱ䣬ԲڣеħӰնϣЩħӰƺһεȫӿ״ĵС
ˡ
ǵƺԼ˼һ㣬Ҫ۵ƿأ嵽ЩħӰУնɱħӰħӰȫʳ
𼤶ЩħΪʳ
ǱУ¶ѵõ飬ƺ۵ĻоȻ漣ƽ
ۣڽı˳Ťͷû´ЦЦ˵
ʱóˣܹҵıʵЦЦӶеĵС
һѼǧĲϣ˺ܶʱƶɵģƳɺ󣬻ÿ춼ԼľѪȥѾͨ飬ӵǿޱȵ
ҹۺͷħҲˣǵĹҲΪǿ󣬴ħӰС
ǿķǿȫĹ£ħӰ˿ϧЩħӰе񾳸ֲǺܶ࣬ҲûȫЩħӰն
ת۰СʱʱȥˣƬؼѾûһֻħӰˣˣҲܲˣɫһһѿ
֪ղжħӰˡħ΢΢һ̾˵
¶ˣȻЩħӰΪǺܸߣܹʳߵľΪֹò˶ãͻһǿħӰǸʱѾͱȽϾ޴ˡޱȳص˵
ЩΪҪģЩħӰħΪĵ顣ǵѵÿ˵
Ϣ뷢ȥǻΪˡմ۲ƫе˵
˶˵ͷһøֶָνϢ˳ȥ
ʱеѾ֪飬һ߶жѰħӰ׼նɱ
ݣһǳУܶ߶ҴææģŸ׼
һҾƹڣһȵģƺûпֻоƿҲ֪ʲô£벻飬ȻܹһߺԸھƾ»ججҲԸ
ʱһɫ۵걼˾ƹݣһӾǰ
ھˣϢһֻħӰᣬôħӰ϶ɺܴѣܶ߶ԷγһӶħСӣǸϽߣҲ׼׼ͲҪȾˣֻҪܹնɱЩħӰһǴ̡ɫӽ˷ܵ˵
ھϧھһҲ
ôˣ㻹벻ͨ𣿡ɫ꽹ʵ
벻ͨ벻ףҾ벻װЩħӰʲôϵ첻ʣ̤֮·ܹΣΪǿôǳΪ˵ļ£ҲͻƣΪǿߣΪǿߵѪʳھһߺžˮһ߿޺š
ϵϢΪĲȶʱ񾳺ڣʱ񾳳ڣ֮
Լĺӣɫ΢΢һ̾ң뵱꣬ھ緢棬ΪǳУܶŮǵĶ
ǵھ˵־ԶԸΪƱ֮
ھ־ԶĿѾͶǴ˵еľ磬ʶ˶п̵ܳǸ磬Ҵûлɹ
ϧʮǰͼʱھͳ׵ĶˣԸΪǿе
֪ȥʲô塣
ͷһгɿգ˭Ըأ
ھ㣬Ȼ˷ǿߵľ磬һᣬǣҼǵıߣ˭ѵôˣԼˣ
ǺǣҾǲˡھһھˮճЦ
ž
ɫݺݸھһơ
㿴ڳʲôӣھȥˣĪǵĴûбҪǷϵʲôʱڷˣЩǿУϣǳʲôʸûУֻͻƵ˷ǿߵľ磬ŻһУսʤǿߵĿܡ
ȻеδЦھסˣ̤֮·ΪԼΪˣѵҪЩϤһȥѵҲҪħӰУΪǵʳЩҪ𣿡ɫ
ھһסˣЩ·ĺĳһͷƺʲô¶һĨã


2379 
ھҪסǲΪԼҲΪ˱˶ǵ˶ôԼѵҪǶЩħӰ𣿡ɫٴ˵
Ϊ˱˶ΪԼھ૵ͻȻãĿһĨԴʱؼһޱȣϼ
ˣͳ˿ǿ˽ܹΣҪǹ̵ľʣԹһ֪ԼҪôǷȥʲôˣ׷Ĳǽ·;еѤ羰ھ
ĿԽԽˡ
ܶ˶ھ͹ҪԣܶΪҪҲкܶΪΪҪ⣬¾Ǳǧ꣬Ҳһܹи
ÿһ˵ⲻͬʶҲȻͬ
ԣھѾıˣӶԽҪת䵽˶Թ̵Ҫ
ûһ۷ĽҲҪһǳḶ́ҴĲҸˣǳеǧ顣
֮𣿡ھ˫Ŀ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫüһĨڲϵ
ԭˣҼھҶС硣¶һĨɬ
ɷһʱ䣬°֮Իع顣ھ˫Ŀᶨ
£üĵָֹͣ糣һ̼䣬ӵңӾ֮к£ȫӿھڣһ
ɢϢڲϵӣתۼѾ۷壬ȻֺͣƴҲɢָ糣
ûھҶСɢеһѾɳľҾˣһںϼҶСΪᱩǺܶࡣ
ھ㡭ڻָˡɫϲһ˷ܵӣ˫ַھϣʹҡΡ
ûһָˡھһЦ˵ɢһε׺ĳ˳ˣ˼ϣһϮɫ˵ķȡ
ϣһʱ䣬̫лˣ㣬һڻججУԶڳھСھǳм˵
ô˭Ǻأļ룬ǳħСһģ뿴ǳɹ˻һĻҫǵġž⡣
ٺ٣ھֻˣò˵һǺƽԭһλ˵һλĴ˺ܶģ¿񳱡ϺٺһЦ˵
ھɬһЦܲΪԼҶС簡ҶСһ⣬ȻȻ˵
ˣ߰ɣѾۼ˶ʮָ֣һܸˡϽ첲ھļϣȻȥ
һЩħӰıúܶ߶ܶǳУЩǿԷγһӶħСӣ׼նħ
ħӰ񳱵ıúܶ鶼ʧ磬ôħӰʳ׳ԼҪ˰
ħӰıһС֣;Ĵ֣ЩС׼ס
ƽԭĳǳسڣҶСȻһͥԺС
һˣ֪ںϺ󣬻ҵΪӶ١
ҶС¶һĨڴ
ɢ˳ȥڿҪջļڣЩľѣںϣΪͻ᲻ϵ˵Ϊ߸һﻹЩ
ʦ
һٻӰ߽ͥԺһӰųʵȥ˺ܶࡣ
ɣҶСͰ˵
ųû֣һ˼ĺɫ֣ҶСЩ⣬֪ͽҪʲô顣
ʦҷֽЩħӰնɱ󣬿ԽɢȥۣȻγըʱ޴֮⣬ħӰܹ˵־ֻججУ
ŶȻãҶС¶һĨϲ
ʦҾЩħӰûкֻܶ࣬ǻûзֶѡų˵
ôҶСʵ֪ų϶Ϊ¶Ѱ϶ʲô뷨
ʦҴǺƽԭռЩħӰȻЩӼܹЩħӰħӰܹǴ档ųŹâ˵ƺЩ˷ܡ
ⲻû뵽㻹ⷽ츳ΪʦС㡣ҶСЦЦ˵
㿴Űɣʲô˵ң㡣
ллʦųܸм˵ȻҴȥ


2380 зǿ
ȤȤû뵽ħӰȻҲаЩҪྫҲɱħӰΪ˭ˣ˭
ҶС¶һĨ֮ɫ
ΪЩħӰûʲôôֻҪնͿԣħӰྐྵȻ˴á
ųĿУħӰУкܹܶھĶҲ˵Ϣһݳȥһúܶ߷
ųѾչЩħӰˣԻ̬ת䣬һնħߣΪΪԴɱħˡ
ܹɱħĻԡ
չЩħʬ塢Ϣں紫ݣųѾ򵽵ķݸһǱߡ
֪Ϣ󣬺ܶ߶ж˷ܵĹâ
ȻϢݵЩǰʧֶУǺܶ˷׷׸ϻʧ磬һʱ䣬Ϣʹˡ
˶һЩˣץħӰƴоͼܹһЩõĶ
ȻôЧҲޱȾ޴ģ˴оܹõĶȻһˡ
Щ飬ǷһźţǾħӰҲʳΪĹߡ
̶̼յʱ䣬ųںƽԭгЩչħӰĵطһƵķӡħӰߡ
ЩϢҶС粢ûôӣֽмУֻд˵еǸ˵ģ鶼ǴҪġ
䡪
ͻȻһգ֮ʮſǳеһǳˣ˲ùâʧһĻһܶǿ߶
һǳŷǿߵ䣬˭Ҳ֪ǿôģǽһΪΣյĵطֻǱնɱ
ǿߵ仯죬׷ףһֱ˵ĵףúܶݡ
һǿߵţ˵ʵһҲŰ˿ʼնɱǿߵͼı
ȻҲǾзǿɱָʼС
ӷǿûɶ󲨶λǿʵһ㣬ֵʵΪǿ󣬳ֵĻһˣҲǺüǿߣ˭Ҳ˵
ǿǳ֮ûжãһǳȽȽ˳Ϊ˷ǿߡ
ƺϲ
Ǳߣǿ߼֮ǳ֮һɫѿ
ػţҪնɱӾȥħӰû뵽һħ󱬷ħӰˣ˵ǵЩħӰп»ħ
ħҲǷǿߵǿߣһɱ޴ޱȣԻѡ
ˣȻһǿˣô˵϶ħʧ磬ҪȻҲзǿ䡣ҹ΢΢һ̾˵
ߣһûۼͲ֪˭նɱǿߣħҲеĳЩˡһ˵
֪Ǹ˭Ǻƽԭλ𣿱ϾΪĪ⡣ۿ˿˵
һҪ֣ʮǰͳˣûбҪȵʱ򡣡ʱǵҡҡͶ˵
Ǹ˭֮˾ͳɣ⣬˶лɡ˵ź⣬Ҳ֪Щʲô
뷢һ֪ͨеķǿҪСģһжƾǿԷԽԽ¡۽鵽
鲻ô죬עǿߵһλǿʲôر㱨˵
Ҳ˵ͷǶϢµķǿע⣬ʲôʱ򣬳ȥòҪ䣬ȥĵطҪ̫ƫƧȵȡ
һǿߵһ飬˲ܲСġ
ǰĸֵָģԼδɳͱնɱڣǷǿǽŲʱˣǶ±ǿնɱΪԷΪĹߡ
ںƽԭĳǳصҶС磬ƯĹȻһ˵ıըͼ
һתһǿͻȻ֣ǿ߳ûжúһƬ㽫ͷ赲ʲôˡ
Ӧݵһǿߣֻǲ֪ʲôˣֵǸ˻ϸģŽϸߵˮƽһϸ緢ʲôʱ򣬶ôĽǴڣȻҲټǳϰ֪Ǹ˾˭
ҶСŹâ²ųֵķǿߡ
񣬲Ǹ˭Ƭ綼һ֮ﰡ


2381 
һǿߵЩʵȽϵ͵ķǿǣٴθеΣĴڣǶŴ˺ܶ࣬ֵĵط
һзǿǰնɱҲᾪ֣ӶöԷҶ֡
ǿߵҲúܶ۷ľսһңҿԼûͻƣǲϵĻҪȻһĻˡ
ħСƺûܵǿӰ죬ȻϵնɱЩħЩħӰӡһһЩҪĶ
ħСǸʮǳУΪǿħСӣÿγȥնɱܶħӰЩħӰթޱȣܹʳߵľܹڴﵽһ£ҷѡ
ǼӴȫնЩħӰѶȡ
ħСھϳһ֧ħСӣѾܹ˵СˣӦ˵Ǵӡ
ֻжʮߣڵնɱħӰǵԽԽ࣬Ѿһ٣һУϵĸ֣ÿһ˻ޱʵ
µħжεħӰԽԽˣħСӣÿγҲûжջ
ȻûħӰСӲûнɢȻһ
üЩֶûгȥնɱħӰˡ
һ죬һٶ֣һƹݣһ𣬺Сƣϵرţһһȡ
Ȼǲžһµʱ䣬ӣҴСû˭ͷ磬磬Ǻһһ񾳺ڵĸ˵
ھ΢΢һЦһ㽫ˮһնħѾˣʣµĶЩħӰܲײ鿴Ҳ˸뿪ʱˣ˵˸С
ҲˣҪǾ˾һ綼ЩħӰеʳӽ쿪ʼھˣߵҾ͸
ԣˣÿɱħӰǾȷЩħӰҪȻҲôջкܶ˶ȹһͬپһһ񾳸˵
ۡ
ƼȣｻӰѬѬܶ˶ȶˣǶѹţԼڵǷ⡣
ǽ˶ԼˣҪȻԲġ
磬˵һ仰ӽ쿪ʼǾ͸ˣָӵǾʹܹоԲһˣԺԻгϢ
Ƕž磬նħðգǴҶһġ
ܶ˶˵Լе뷨һĿͶھܰأھж
ֵܣϽ˵䣬ҶأֻҪһ仰Ӵ˺ǴҶһˣиͬͬһھļЦе˵
ûиͬͬ
˶ͬ˵ھһƬȡ
еĿУھվȻҲǲᣬһ̣òЩֵʧҶС磬ҶСһɳɵģʼնҪ뿪ġ
ھվ˲䣬涼һȴھ˵
ٸ˵֮ǰ˵һǸھľһжһͻһֺܲõԤС
ܹʶңھⱲҸھҲֵһһȾƳ⣬һնɱħӰһѰĲϣϧܶ鶼޷Ԥϵģо۾ɢһһμˡ
ûҪˣҪ뿪ˣȻõĻ䣬վܱǸֵǣھˡھỨ˵
ʱĲᣬҲǶǳص
磬ʲô飿ʲô飬Ǵһȥԡ
ǰ磬׳ʲô£
ҲžҪô뿪
Щǣһվȫޣһھƺھ飬ǵ顣
ֵܣôˣղǾ仰ʲô˼ʲôվѵǲĵط𣿡ɫص˵
ףЩ飬ô򵥣ҵĳһ⣬ǣΪһõĻɣھ˸е˵
㡭⻰Ҫһ㣬ʲôˣֵܵĻ͸ǡ˫ֳھļϣʹҡھ¶һĨǣһĨʧ
Ȼ𣬲Ҳ࣬ǾͲҪˣ֪˶ûкôҾˡھһˮϸĿ˿ÿһˣȻתȥӰµ
ãǿԲ֪£ܸøҪȥʲôطɣϵ
ھͣˣ˵ƽԭҵĹޡ
ɫ΢΢ԥջ˵ҪȥҵĻȥɣҪҰæģһᾡҡ
ϣһһ߳ȥ˾ƹݣϦ£Ӱúóó


2382 Ϊ
ھԶȥĹ¶Ӱƹڣ˶һ꣬˵ǶܹоھϵΡ
ƽԭȥһˣ絽Ǳ߳ʲô顣˵
ϣ;Ĺϵˣƽԭʲôϵһ񾳺ڸʡ
Ҷ֪ͳǣͺƽԭţͷ죬ʲôûУСǶһ𳤴ģֻҪһңʲô¾͵͵һ˳ȥˣҾЩܣھˡҲЩյ˵
˶üͷ⵽ô¡
ˣϣûз־ʲôԾĵطûУ
Ծĵط⵽ʱУھĹƺȫͬҲ֪ʲôطõģСʱͱֵú㣬ԶԶĲ硣˵
˵᲻ĳתˣͻȻ˵
ת밡˶Ц˳Ҳڻ⡣
ܶ˶ĸ־ԼҲܹͻƵһˣðնýתͼںСʱ¼ʵĻȻͻơ
̫ΣˣԲעͻɢת֮ɳĹУһСľͻزۣЩ⡣
Ƕȥһƽԭɣ˵ǱȻңѾǰöˣɻܼʶʶƽԭǱߵʲôӵġ
ƽԭȥһΣڵĺƽԭԭѾܱˣڵĺƽԭ仯˺ܶ࣬ʢ˼Ѫȣ˼־ûȥǱǰһֱΪƽԭһƬδأϡ٣һƾɣҲŷķѾˣλ˵ðƽԭˣûвġ۷˵
Ҷ׼һ°ɣձǰƽԭһֻҪǷǿ߲ûܹκεǡ
˶ͷͬ⣬һŹâ
Ȼھദݣ֮ĸ飬ǼΪֿģҲΪĵģھȹкܶ˵Ҳھ߹һһεΣգޱȣڲھ鷳Ȼᾡȥ
ʱո߳ǳصھͷ¶һĨᣬ漴̾һüĴһĨҫޱȣֱӽ֣˶ΪһӰ˲䴩Խռʧ
ƽԭĳǳسڣҶСڳͤУţǰĿռ΢΢һӰͳ֣һӰھġ
𣿡ҶС̧ͷʡ
Ѿˣ֪ܲСʱһΪһ춯ص飬Ȼɾһû뵽ͷԼݵżԼھԳһЦ˵
ˣҶСٴʵ
ڣʲôڵģֻЩʧ䣬Щ꣬ңҲʵı䲻ˡھƽ˵
㻹ʲôûеĻһ˵ҶҶС绺˵
ðɣһһ£һֵܣǵԸ񣬶붼ƽԭѰң֮ܺҪκ֪һ֪ǰҲܸߣںƽԭʲô£ϣܹһھҶС˵ƺҪҶСһ
ȫû⣬ֵܣҲҵֵܡҶСͷֱӴӦ
ãûʲôԺڵˣںϺҵļͻ㣬ûҪʲô飬Ǿȥɣھ˵һֱӽ뵽ҶСüġ
ʱһεҶСɢƺԳһ硣
ҶСı飬ʱţʱŭʱʹ࣬ʱˣ׵߽ھ磬һھߵھ磬ھСһ̣Ҳӵھһĸ顣
Ȼô˵ΪھֻһĨɳ壬ѾãҲˣֶ˸
һʱ䣬ҶС˫Ŀ¶һĨھһĸӣΪǵһں⣬СھһпھǱ
Ѿھ򣬼ȵȫһΪ˺ܶࡣ
ֵ֮㣬޼䣬ĵĽ󽻸ѡҶС૵
СҶСȻҲвٵѣ̤֮֮·һжѾˣǺܶѣԽԽԶˣƺ֮һңһΪĲԽԽճΪϤİˡ
һ·ߵڣһѶûˣҲѹ˵߶¶һеԭˡ
Ϊһվ۷ϵˣȻ׵κˣǸеľ裬ΪԼԵʣǱ˵Եʣ֮󣬶붼˹¼ҹˡ
ڴھϸܵһŨҵ֮飬ҶСһů


2383 ܾ
ҶСһֱھȥǸϸƷζһԼһ㡣
ħ񳱱һӿЩħӰܶ඼նˣЩУЩħӰԼ¶ҪȻ˲鿴Ϊѡ
ǿûзǿˣɵǿߵЩҲΪڷǿ߶˺ܶ౶
عܴһѾƵ˼£ƺҲˣҲһŨѾ˼¡
죬ҶСոսھĸȫ򣬳׵ںϽĸΪʱоǳظ߿У£ƺʲôһ㡣
ǹΪ䣬³֮⣬˶ûиоھ۽̨ϵΰĸ֡
Ҷѵһ𣿡һݶ
ֲǵĴˮĲһ㣬ܴݣȴֻһܹõ
˹飬ҶСɫޱȡ
Ҳ֪Լڳڣ󷨵Ŀ˭鿴ڵһ𶯾Է֪ڳʲôطʶַʽдϢ
ԡ
ҶС˵һ䣬漴Ӱ黯һӾʧͥԺڵʯϡ
ĳǳϿգһɹ۳ɵӰ֣Բڿռ˴úʵ֮Ĺڣڹϡ
һӰ˸УһӰȻҶС硣
ոճֵҶС磬Ťͷ΢΢һ£¶˲˼֮ɫһĨغ𾪡
һڣȫɹ۶ɣҪڻּ۳ô𺳵Ķ˵ԷԹƿѾ¯ľ硣
ڵΪ޷һһ޴Ĺֻ̰нǸ󣬲пЩɣ
һȻĿͶϵǵӰ
һӰ·ǹĻ߸ϵĹâһ֣ƿһеȨơ
㡭˭
ҶСĶ꣬ȻѾ²⵽˼֣Щţʵ
˭ö갡ҶҪԼ˭Ƭǿյ߾ң˵˭һ¶һĨ׷յŨɣƺѾ֮ãҲˡ
ѵǺƬǿںϵǸˣҶСͷһʵ
ǰڵĴ񣬻Ӯ۵ĻҶСǽŽɣϾ˵ƲѣοԼûмڼˣ¡
ǰ˵ںһƬǿеܹͨӰ쵽ı仯
ǰɣƬǿյ˭˭˭˭Ȼվ˵
һ̼䣬ӰƺޱȸߴƿƺܣǲˣԻᱻԷסӰ쵽ľ
˿꣬ҶСһȻƽʵʲô飿ѵΪ˱Լݣ
ĿһҶС磬Ȼ˹ߵҶСǰ׵ĵطͣ
ȫ֪˵һʱһǵĻôһˣʱУû˱ˡ꿴ҶС˵
˵ɣʲôĿģԼＸһ֪ġҶСʡ
Ǻǣ˾ûģҪҵһʸ˵ģú˵һֲ֪Ҫˡ΢΢һ̾
ھƻңǿ߲ÿһǿ߶ҪͻƣﵽϧƯƲʣüţϰǿУһܹͻƵѾˣοƬǿձӡˣҪ뵽ˡ
˵һʵڻûҵİҪͲܣƬǿյѾƿƬǿյһУ˭Ӳҵƿء
һ仰ңһɵ㸴ʫôضҶС硣
ʫʱҶСһʹŮУҪ˵ΪԲΪ۵˭ôǺʫˡ
ʫһǶһ㣬ųԹŮӣΪԼܶίʹ࣬ûһԹԡ
ǸĬĬĸŮӣΪۣϧôһŮӣȻ˴ʧֻʣ˲Ƶꡣ
ʫԶʹ
ҶС׷ı飬ƺЩ⣬΢΢¶һĨȣǽ飬ɫ䡣
ҾܾҲ㡣
ҶСĻͻȻտĴ
⻰ɫޱȣź⣬صĺкڣ·ܹ˵ꡣ


2384 ˺Ƥ
ɫúѿΪҶСԻͬϾΪԼѾҶСо͸ˡ
ҶСһΪظˣǿ֮ģҲҽʫû뵽ҶС羹ȻֱӾܾˣЩ벻ͨƺԼļƻһӳ˾޴ıʡ
һֱΪһоƿ֮ҶСˣȴԲû֣Ҳûаļƻߣƺȫƿһ㡣
ΪΣѵȺʫѵɾ궢ҶСʵ
룬ԼԣҪˡҶСƽ˵
ЦΪͻƵƬǿѾӡûҵİͻƲĿҶСһۡ
㣿Ǹ˽綼뿪ƬǿգڶǰɣȻ㶼ʲôʸ˵ñ˽
ϲѭ֣޷ȫһƬǿգҲʹ˸˵Ļǿͷ֧ƱѡҶСĴ
㡭ҳڻ֣ȴϣɾˣϾҾֻ֣ҪҽǸ磬ƬǿյķΪٴγŵ
ⷬԼ˵ҶСͻȻʵ
ɫ˱䣬ҶС磬ûмҶСʱԼѾܸߵĹҶС磬û뵽ҶС󣬲֪ǵ͹ҶС磬͹ҶСĴ̶ȡ
⻰ʲô˼ʣޱȱ䣬ϵƼΪ£ǽѹҶСһ㡣
ûʲô˼ֻижοҲ㣬űˣԼ
ĲңѵҪҶԿɣƬǿյףûܹҶԿɫǻУſš
⻰Ա˵ţҸͲţʲôƬǿյף㲻ǺƬǿںϵĿˣԼ˶޷ף㻹ǵˣûв´ĻҲɱˣҪȻᱻͬһҲ᳹׵ʧ
ӵеͨӰ쵽ѣ˵ˣһֻֽϻҲ֪ж˶ƭˣ㣬ͻһΪĿܣ㵱ôɵҶСЦһ˵
ããȻǲܳΪһ·ϵˣôӴ˺ǱǵˣΪҵĵˣһ᲻ϧһд۵ɱһ䣬Ϊеˣûк³Ŀ⼫ΪĶҶС磬ŨŨв
ʱŭ֮ҶСһֱȻ߸ϣܹں򣬵Ѿˣ뵭ĳΪһ֣ҪƿֻܹԼ˵ļ׵ĳΪƬǿյҪ˭˭Ҫ˭˭
ΪԼ˵ļѾֶ꣬ھͿҪɹˣȴ˼ʮֵĲ
ΪֻҪҶС綨Ȼͬ⣬û뵽ֱ˺ƤһжˣӴ˺󣬱ǳ׵׵Ĵˡ
Ըɣ
ҶС˵һ䣬ȥո߳ſڣ־һĳͬʱ˵
û˿ﵽͷϣڹˡ
µһкһĪƺӹĴڣѹһС
¡
ҶСһ֮£ȫɹ۶ɵڱը˿˿߷˾޴Ļҡ
ҶС硭
ǻҵĹдһŭʱ֮ϣƹưãƺ췢ŭһ㡣
ղŻǷתۼǴ裬úܶ˶ɻգЩǿеɻ֮ɫŨңڸղһ̼䣬Ǹоһ˿ƺһϵĴһ㣬ֻһĸо
ص˳ڣҶСɫںܶ²ѾʵԷǿߣ֪ʲôԭں򣬴Ӵ˺󣬾ӰƬǿա
¹ȥˣΪһںϵˣ϶˺ܶӣҶС΢Щ
νֻҪͲκˣΨĵߵˡ
Ǹ˲ֱӳֶԸߵˣ϶ɳЩж
һҪǣǶע㣬ڵʵֻԲӦ䣬˭֪ǸһʲôµֶΣľֻ飬Բܹ֪һ֪һп๦Ͱ׷ˡҶС
ԷΪУԷһᶯһֶԸԼ


2385 ĵǰ
ڻĳǳط飬ܶ˲֪ǷǿҲɻѣͲ뵽ʲô
ļʱҶСݵĲһ飬粻Ů뿪һ򣬾뿪ҲһҪСĽи顣
ҲټԼĺӣȻصǳڣֻҪǳڣûܹвҶ졢Ҷͮǵ
źںǸ˵̯ƣѾоǸڲ飬պ󣬾ͻ˳ˡ
ҶСжǷǳȷˣһµʱ䣬һµƾ͹һʶͷųļµϢ
ĵشܶ߶̨ͷ죬һ¶һĨ𾪣һĨ֡
ǿߣǷǿߵϢǿߵϢΪ£Ѿ˷۾磬ܾõǿߡ
ʲôǿߣȻǺƽԭš
ߣֻҪڣһͷĻȥ
һСϢ˵Ѿ뿪˺ƽԭȥһصطҪȻѾǧˣûгֹҪ鷳ˡ
ҲһǺƽԭķǿߡ
ܵǹǿϢܶ˶һЩ¶˵֮ɫЩˣȴ˿ûʲô仯һ㶼£Ͳǿ߻ʲô
ʱǹɿµϢԽԽתۼ䣬ǳֻһľ룬һӰ֣פͣգƣɢһĸ߹󣬾۷顣
Ҷĵǰݼ֣սһΣҿôΪ˶١ĵ۵Ƭؼ
Բǧڵ߶һ
ĵۣ˾ȻߴǿеĴĵۣ
ֲôǿϢԭĿƺ˻йһսˣʲôʱ飿
ܶжʣͬʱҲȴҶСĳ֡
ҶСѾǧûгˣܶƽԭ߶ڴҶСһ棬˵뿴ҶС絽ڲںƽԭ
ĵۣҺƽԭк£ʱһ콣âԶնһŲȳ꣬ӡ
ˡ
ܶŮűĹʣںƽԭЩŮУǵһ˧磬ǱӣˣɷˣҶС磬и߲ʵĴڣƺֻҪԶۣȴãֻӲΪʵĴڡ
㣬û뵽㵹ǳˣôһսĵ۽ĿͶӡ
սֻ˵һ֣ƺΪһ֮ĳƲ񷡣
㣿㻹ʸ÷Ҷɣĵۺǲм˵
Ӳû³գһҪֵӡ
ټңǷʸ񣿡ʱһŮӵؼ
һ֮ؼ䣬׷ףϼһŮԡУϵϢɢתۣǹϢѹƺܹвþ
Ǻƽԭĳϻա
㣿ʵȷʵǰҵʵûʱԺһսڵȻûǸʸ񡣡ĵ۲Ųæ˵ȻûнշС
㡭
⻰վЩˣϴĵǿʵҲôΪ˺ܶ౶
ͬΪǿߣڱôӣȻܲ
ߣô˵ҪǷҶȹһء˵΢΢һΣӰг֣ЩӰ̬ǧκ˶ֵס
ƺôӰĶܹճΪڰĲ֣˾ʹ˳١
ĵ¶һƬã漴ʧָ֮ɫһЦĹر𣬲ЩûãھԵʵǰκλںͼɶûõġ
ȻҪһսҾͳȫ㣬˵ȫҵΪһ¥ĵۿЦһƺȻͷ·ǻǧĺˮȻһ㣬أƺƵһѹһе̬
¡
ʱһ˶ϤƬռһж¶һĨϲɫм
ǷҶٺ٣ӴĵҪˡ
һأĵۼȻǰô϶ʲôֶΣҪСһЩźá
ȷʵҶСڴĵۿҪٵʱѾˣû뵽˷ǰĻǴĵۡ
ҶСպϢԶⷽգǳڣƺȴҶСĵ۵Ĵս


2386 ս
ҶˣһΪԶڱ󡣡ĵ۶ҶСݶķ˵
ĵۣҪҷֳһ£ҪڱУնɱңҵΪ˵ڶԭĻһսʱ䲻һʱӦףǿ߾ԲΪǡҶСٴδӰȴû
ڴҶСһЩһжЩʧҶСΪڻ
ߣô˵㻹¶𣿡ĵźʵ
һս䣬ҳϲĶ֣ĿѾﵽ뿪˰ɣĬƬ̺ҶС˳
ʲôһ仰ʱ˶ˣû뵽ûг֣ǿѾˣ̫ˡ
ô£ôأѵĲǴĵ۵Ķ֣
пܰϾ̫ˣĵʱĸְ
һ֪ˣ˲֣Ϊ£ҲΪǴĵ۵Ķ֣սûбҪ˭Ը⽫Լʵı¶أ
ԭֲá
һЩ֪ҶС粻֣Ҳܹᵽ㡣
ʱĵɫѿޱȣɱԼܵ˾޴衣
硭Ҷһսһɱƽԭˡĵ۷ǿŭⲻΡ
⻰ܶжһͬʱȫ־ˣĵҪ֣ǾӲˣôӶӲѡ
ʱһӰƾճǳϿգһϮɰɫۣīڷ磬ҶСеı־
ݼˡ
ҶСֵһ˲䣬еŶĶҶСһ
ܹҶСںƽԭжôġ
ҶóһΪ㲻ںЩ˵أĵЦһ˵
ÿһĵǼΪ׵ģƲѵ£ûٶɱҶСҡҡͷ˵
ǧ꣬ҶСϵԵĲͬƺˣӵ˽ӽ
ҶҲ˵ֻе˻𣿡ĵһӡ
ܹɱһ˶ʮˣôɱɱǾꡣҶСٴλ˵
ߣô꣬㵹Ǹı˺ܶ࣬ĮЩɮҪ£ٷϻһսҵʱ޵ġĵ˵ϻЩͷ֮ɫ
֪صĹΪ̫죬㸡̫࣬ͻƵôǸ˶Ȼ㡣ҶСһ˵
ңҲԲ㣬ҾҪ
ĵһµɢܶһǿ֮£ɪɪǿ־塣
ӡ
ĵһ޾ɫƣ˫ֲһööӡЩӡŨ֮£һӡС
ѹ
һĨڵľ͹һȫӿǷ۶ɵĴӡС
ӡȻ䱬ҫ۵ɫâգƺⷽռ䣬ӡԽԽ󣬱ɽҪΡ룬Ҫͬʱݺǳѹ
һǿѹǳڣʯ·棬Χǽ貵Ĺâһ·֣йâתƺ޾
һĻֽǳذǳǱ˳䣬ķǳ໥Ӧһɹǿնȫӿǳء
¡
ʱӡٶ£ݺݵڵĹĻϣǹĻپûа㷴Ӧڣǳڵߣֻζһ£ûиоˡ
ӡѹ޹ĵɫƺԼ˴ӣڵǰΪ˺ҶСһսڣȻԷǳϵĹĻƲܹ˺ҶСأ
ҶѵҪһͷڹͲΪƽԭĵۺе
ڵϵĹĻƲһսԼʸ𣿻ǵ㽫ĻƳٸһսɣҶСȻվգЦѡ
㡭ĵˡ
ããҿڹǵжӲĵ¶һĨ
ѪΪƻ󡣡
ҧһѪһѪγһͼĵ˫ֲлӶһâŷ
ĵΧĿռУѣ½֯ڲӿֻһƬƬռγɣƬʵޱȣգ˾Ϊģڵ֮иָǵϢѱ档


2387 
һƬƻһģһͬɢļµϢͬһޱߣһ˵ζ
ĵѪγɵƻȹԻ۳ɵĶЩʵȻҲ˺ܶ౶
ƻĲӣڣһ֣ЩλΪΣյĵطֱǴĵ۽ƻ˹һ㡣
ѹҾͲƲƬĻ
ĵޱ׺ݵ˵Ƭƻǳغݺײȥ
¡¡¡
ռڲڳǳڵڶ߶оһǿѹƺһΰĥǳء
ƻǳصĹĻײһ˿߶ѱųһ֧֧գһɹɿӿĺײڽʯϣ˻
ֿɵĶײһɲǣһߴвɴ˿ԿĿԡ
ƣơ
ƻٳٲͻƹĻĵɫٴһھѪƻΪˣŷҲǿˡ
ǡ
һϸ΢𣬻ĳǳĹĻȻѳһѷ졣
һ̼䣬ǳڣߵɫ˱䣬Ļһ飬ǳؾҪٵˣǳߣǲҲˡ
ô֣ѵĲǴĵ۵Ķ֣
ǳȥһսɣжлᣬǶˣôһûˡ
ܶ˶һЩǿǿߴҪ߳ǳأʹĵһս֪ԼǴĵ۵Ķ֣ҲҪж
ӺͻգһЩǿ߶һĻȻͬЩû
ҶС磬ҶСʵ
ҶҿǳصĹĻ㻹ʲô赲ĵ۴Ц
ľͻ飿ҶСȻվһҲո£һɹɿµͨݶɲǼ䣬ĹĻȫϣ֮ǰҪǿ󼸷֡
һĻĵɵˣ˶Լͬһ
ƣƣơ
ĵȻƻӰײĻעһжͽͣƻӰԽԽƺҪʧؼˡ
ڣĵͣƻӰʧɫһƬ࣬еķŭȴΡ
ܺãܺãҶû뵽ô̵ʱڣѾƽԭӪĸͨһ㡣ĵһҶС˵
ˣҲûа취Ϊ˼ȥòôĵҪսĻһ仰ô˵ţֻҪµҲĥ룬ʱһĵһԽĻƵġҶСЦе˵
Σĵ۲㶼Ҫ³һѪҲսȥעûκνģǹĻһڹһ㣬ʹƣܹвҶС磿
Ҫսǿ߾ͻǰҶС˵ģЩ˸ͲԸ⿴ǿΪ
ͻȻĵƺʲôһ㣬ɫһ䣬ҶС˵ձϣһշҶܹһսǶӭսǡ
ĵ˵һ뿪
ҶС΢΢һ㶣ûиоʲôڴĵȴˣƺЩ̫
ĵۣҴҺƽԭһͨ󣬾뿪ǷҪһ
ҶС˵˫΢΢һһɿµӸϱųǹ֮ռȫΪ˻磬ٶ˸ͷӦ
ߡ
һƺһƬɫѪҺɢ£ĵ۾ͳ׵ʧˡ
ղǸһǳھۼͨķǿֻҪУ»ֱӻɢ
ȻҶСлɱĵ۵ûôһɱ˴ĵۣͻõǿ͹һɽ˷˼⣬ǿߵϣ˵ûкôġ
ǵõЩǿ͹򣬶Ϊ˵Ӱ첻Ǻܴ
ڻ˴ĵۣǴΪ˸ĵһѵȻҲҶС˴ĵȥǵΡ
ĵ۴Ҵȥܶ¶һĨʧҶСʵû뵽ҶСʼն֣Ʋѡ
ҶС綢Ŵĵ뿪ķ˳˼ƺʲô⡣
Լʮʱ䣬ҶСƺʲôһ㣬¶һĨ⡣
Ϊǵĵôĵ뿪𣿡ҶС
ʱԶҵ˻ͬʱſµƣиּշʱĿռӰ졣
ҶСϤˣǼ


2388 ٴĵ
תۼ䣬˾ͺնһɫޱȣڶͨͨڵȴ׼նɱһǿߣΪ
ȴû뵽ַǿѾʼ½սȻǿΪܵǹӴƺ󣬸Ͻ˹
Ҫֹһս
ǸʱƺսѾˣһĶҶС磬ƺڿҶСǲѾһǿնɱˡ
Ҷʲôˣһʵ
Ȼ˴˶֪Էе뷨أװʱ򣬻ҪװһЩһЩ飬ֻڰУ˽˵ڳ̫Ӱˡ
ǺǣҲûʲô飬ǴĵǰսѣȷʵʵǷڵ꣬һնɱηһҶСЦЦ˵
ҶСĻ໥һۣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҶȷǴĵۣһֹҶС磬ƺʲôһ㡣
ȻȷˣΧ߶֤ôˣʲô⣿ҶСɻʵһֲ̫õԤС
ȿȣǰǻһһǸʱѾսѾʼˡ۶ҶС˵
ͬʱɢΧЩߵۣҲˣΧʱһΪˡ
ΪҶСƭǣڿҶСƺҲûдô˵Ļĵˣ⾿ô£˺벻ס
ףսȻѾˣҶղź˭սˣʱһԶ
һܶɫ˱䣬ҶСҲüͷĵۺһս֮󣬱شˣĵ۵һ鶼ûС
˵ʲô˵ˣĵˡ
ô£˵ĵ۲Ĵĵ۵Ļôһĵ˭ôͨĵ۵ĹַӡҶС
ʱĵѾ˹ϢȶͲ˵ӡ
ƺǲ˿ЩԾĵɻʣôˣôֹ۹⿴ңѵʲô𣿡
㻹÷ҶΪһ°ɣۺοյ˵
ʲô飿Ҷĵ۽ĿͶҶС磬ĿͲװǻƣҲûб仯ҶСǷѽ⡣
ѵĵ۲ģһȫǼٵģҶС
ѵ㲻֪ҶСôʡ
֪ʲôܲ˵һ㡣ĵü
ղǰƽԭһս뿪ˡҶС绺˵Ȼû˵ʲôЩлܹжϳҶС˼
ʲôҺйһսܰƽԭжŸϹģǿ֤һ㡣ĵ۵ɴ۾˵
˿ܣȻʵѵǰһĵۡ
ȷʵˣΧߡҶС˵
⻰ĵϸЩ˵ĻƬ̼䣬ɫ
װŪ϶ðңȻҪұڹһҪ˭һὫһһ֪ζȻðңĵۼΪŭ˵
ҶСĬ˵ƺ¡
ҶȷսĴĵ۾һǴĵ𣿡ͻȻʵ
ҶС翴һۣѻش𰡣ҶС˵ȷôͻĵۣ˵ĵ۲ģҶС˵ȷĻ˵һսǸĵۿǼٵģټ˭ܹ֪أ
Էʹ˻ӡƻ򳡣Щʹĵ۵ȫһ¡ҶСӲ˵һ£Ͳش
ʲôȻҵĻӡô£ĵɫһ˵
ʱǼ˶ĿͶ˴ĵۣ˼ѾˣǸĵѾ˻ӡЩ˴ĵ۹ԵĶҲĵ۳ʾһԼĵ۵֤ˡ
ôҲңǼôϤˣ꣬Ҳɣĵһŵ˵л¶һ˿ı
Ҳûа취ԷȻܹƭҶδƭǡȻ˵˶ŴĵۣƺֻҪĵò֤ôǾͻһ֣ͬնɱٵĴĵۡ
úúãȻ֤Ҿ͸һ֤ĵ۷ǳߵ˵
һɫŷЩıⷽռеĹΪģһγɣи۳һӡ
ҵͻӡ
˵ţɢȥԶ۳һƬ½أƯ½ء
ҵ磬𣿲ĻҼ
ĵ˵ɢȥƺҪ۳֤Ǵĵ۵ݡ
ããЩȷʵǴĵ۵Ĺʽ۰˰֣һͷۡ


2389 ѱ
ǿҲ׷Ȱ˵ĵͣɫǳĲÿĶ۵ˡ
ûй򿴴ĵ۵ɫǶ֪鷳ˣڳĵۣĵ۶ĵ۵Ĺţжˡ
ʱΧЩôһˡ
ܶȻɻ֮ɫĿŴĵۣҪȻ֪ҶСһսʱǸĵ۱ҶСˣѾǰĵ۾ǺҶСһսǸˡ
ѰˣȻ㣬΢΢һ̾˵Щӡ
ˣûнĹڸ˭
ûУûУϲͽܣҶûдڣÿһ˶Լͬ·Ȼҵͽһ·ĵҡҡͷ
˵ʵΪһεĸ֣ԲԼͽԼ·˺ʦһ·Ժĳɾ;ԵĲܳʦԼ·пܳʦʤ
Ҫ֮٣ֻҪǸץסͿԱˣߣ뿴˭ðҡĵۺ˵
˶û˵ҶСҲˣһģһĴĵۣҲһͷۡ
ʹĵһսֻݵķǿڳûˣȻǸĵ۾Ȼ֪£ǲ⡣
ǰĵ˵Լģչʾ˴ĵ۵ľѧҶС綼ĵģҲһ
Χķǿû˵ĵҲû˵ʲô
ڷѰһǸĵۣ˵Ǹĵ۱ҶˣھѰʱҪȻʱ󣬸֪ǸǸǼٵˡɨһΧ˵
ԷҪֻзǿܹ鿴ĸҪ鿴˸Ͳܡմۿ˵
ǼٵҲһħƳһ۴ĵ˵
һ仰һ˾Ͱ飬˲ûΪ˲ǰĵۣ˶û˵ڷħ˵˳Ƥһ˺ˡ
ħۣʲô˼˵ǼٵˣĵɫǲƵĶŷħۣһҪֵӡ
û˵ǼٵģԼ˵ġħ˫һ̯һʮԩӡ
㡭ҪսһҵǲģĵϿµϢĶŷħۡ
սһҲȷǲģϾǸҲӡħһνӡ
˱˴˶ӵӣ˳ᵲǰȰ˵˺ˣͲҪˣħ˵Ҳûв鵽˭˭֮ǰǶǻɵĶ󣬱ϾûϣԼͱһ󣬻֪Ǹ˭
۵Ȱ˵˸һŤͶԷһۡ
Ѿ飬Ҳ鲻һ
Ƭ̺۵ȥǺͷħһ뿪ġ
ȥ󣬺ܶ߶ҶСν䣬·ڵͥԺС
úӡ˽
ɣҶС֣˲۶һĻ˫Ŀ΢΢һҶСԽˡ
ѾܳʱûпҶСˣҶС¶һ֣һסǡ
Ϊֽһ㡣Цһ˵
ΪʲôãﲻǸ磬ӲƬǿյҶС˵
ĵ۵ǸģĸǼٵģҶС磬ҲĿͶ˹ΪҶС綨Ȼ֪ϾҶСʹĵսһ
ǾأҶСЦЦʡ
жϲЩơ
Ҳжϲ

˶ɻĿҶС磬ǲҶСĿ
ʲôѵҾͱ֪ĵϢһģһɢĲҲһڵΪûа취ҶСε˵
֪٣ô˭֪أ¶һĨʧ
϶֪֪˭˭٣ֻҲ֪ԷôһģȻ޷ֱҶС˵
ͻȻҶСƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬һһöȭͷСĶС
мСɵĸҶСŪһһ߾ͱųС
УһĻͼһĻͼǺҶСһսĵ۳ֵ
ԷƺͻȻֵһ㣬ȥʱҲͻȻʧˣһûУǿż˺ѿռ䣬Ƕ鿴Էټ
ĵ۳ֵʱһĵȷʵ۵һ
ƽԭʱ򣬴ĵһ·ƻȻͻȻͳ˺ƽԭڡ
ȻˣûκҶСüһС


2390 ɱ
Ӻͻնһߣ¶˺պȻ֮ɫƺ벻ףΪҶСܹЩͼ
־Ƕʱľ˻ΪҶСʵȴ֪ǿƼֶΡ
ʲôûУʵ
ûκ˭Ҳ֪ĵĸ棬ǸǼ٣ǶǼٵģҲһģ飬˭Ҳ˵׼ҶСü˵
ٴĵ󣬸ǿ߶һӰǱĵնɱˣҲ֪ĴĵۣǼٵĴĵۡ
ѵľôչȥ𣿡ʵ
ֻûа취Ȼܶ˶նɱǿߣһݣ׽ĵʵܶ˶˽ģҪնɱĵۺ󣬶Ǿ͹Ҫһķ»Ҫһʱ䣬ڣ϶ǲеġҶС˵
һʱ䣬Ƕעһ㣬ûµĻòҪ²úʲô鷢ҶС¶һĨء
ǣ
ͬ˵Ƭ̺󣬾߳ҶСڵͥԺǵĿûдﵽΪҶСܹжϳλĵģλǼٵģû뵽жϲ
Ǵʧ顣
ݣѾ۵Χ۲ûлȥȻǼ
ĵۣһ̰ɣһ汻Ǹٵķǿ赲ԷȻð㣬ôʵȻΪǿòСġߵ˰·ͻȻ˵
ǰϾǶôĽˣòİȫҹһЦݵ˵Цȴ˼⡣
ھˣĵ¶һĨ
ⲻΪ˷ֹŪ򣬻֪Ժʲô顣ҹ˵Ϣɢ
󣬴ĵĿɨˣƺЩмЩ⣬Ѿ׼ˣǲģǶ뽫նɱǻ̰ҲܱɣҲȺƽԭλԶˣ治֪ǵôŵġ
⻰۵ɫΪѿȻܹóĵۻеáп
ٺٺ٣ѵ˵ΪԼ棬ʱգٻ£ھȻͼ壬ɱЦĵһĨµ⡣
ĵۣ㻹޼ɵͷˣȻôšɫ磬ɭɭ
ĵۿ˿ˣþúþãſ˵綼Ѿãҳˡ
ҲΪʧĴ֣˭ѱ棬ʧ˵һ޴взǿ߱ĵնɱˣֻҪ㲻ϣ˭Ҳ֪˭ģΪ˴֣ǲò֡˵
ʱһˣڣһƬߵɽϿա
ಡ
һӰζӰγΪ̬֮ĵȫΧУʱĵҪѺѡ
˵һǿʲôϵħħӿĶŴĵۣƺҪʳһȻ
ٺ٣˵ˣǻҪõ۵͹ΪҪֵô壬ǵӻƷװǻƣֻҪǸʵʱնɱңҾͲţǿ߻ۿǶҶֶûʲôӦĵЦһ
ĵۣᣬҲΪ˽Ūò˵·ǳأǲòԴһһ촫˴ĵնɱǿߵϢ˵Ǹô죬ѵҪӲôĵ۽ǿȫնɱΪնɱǣ㣬ô۽׸˴ĵۡ
ĵ۳Ĭϸ˼£֪ܹһĻ˾Ҫˡ
Ȼʵ˺ܶ࣬˵ǿ߶ԿĻǲһЩ
ףɣһʱ䣬Ҿͺһͬػͨͨɣڣؾ˽ҵͷʲô飬ǶΪһ֤ģһзۼħ֣Ǿܶ־ǣҾԲһ˿ĵ˵
ǲͬĻôֻһսˣȻҲλϻĶ֣֮ǰһЩԶ޷ֲˣһһܹġ
˵ĵ۵Ŀޱȡ
໥һۣŸô£ͬĵ˵ģĵǼ٣ǶѾɱģΪɵĵۻʲôֶΣЩԥ
Ͼĵʱĸ֣˭ҲԷʲôơ


2391 
ðɣһͨͨϾǺʹĵĽˣǶ֣Щ²˺ְ
գǼһΪѵ˵ƺǺʹĵ֮кĽһ㡣
飿ȥɣǰʲô鶼ǴҪģĵ
̸֮һ˱ͨǱߣأҪãһλħնɱȻΪϧԴӴĵնɱ˵ħ󣬱ûħǰ
ûΪĻˡ
ʧУܶǿ߶Ҫͻƣȴ໥Ҫնɱǿ߼Ϊѡ
ľƱһƽ⣬û˸׶֣ƽ⣬ܿͱˡ
Դӳĵ۵£֮ϣͻȻ䣬ǳ䣬ʾǿѾ׵ˡ
һĻһзǿߵ𶯣ܶ˶ֻ֪º۵ɫǶǲһĵ۸ɵġ
飬ûȷ֤ݣ˭Ҳ
ǿûжúֳǿߡ
һһһĵĳʧ磬ĴѰҷǿնɱַľٶһŭ
ܶķǿ߶СӣնɱĵۣûĵۣǿߣҲһնɱ
Щ˱ûնɱǿߵ뷨ĵô޼ɵֱӲƽˣƾʲô˶ܹնɱǿߣǾͲأ
Ϊ뷨ʧһǿߴսƻˣܶǿ߶ˡ
¾Ƕҵжˣ˵Ϊĵ۵Ľ糹׵ˡ
ߴǿеķǿһģ뿪ݣ뵽ǿɵСУ׼ɱǿߣΪ
飬Ҳûʲô취Ͼǣķǿ̫ˡ
ܹԿеķǿߣô±ܹ׽ϧǶԿˣҲе㲻ðա
ÿһնзǿսһ˲䣬еķǿ߶˴໥ɱ
һʹȥ˵ߣʧȥǲԵļñ޻Ҫ£Ҫ̡
ʱһΣһ꣬һڣǿҲǿȻܶ˵Ϊˡ
ȻЩڷǿսзȴûһˡ
۵Ϊ򼫺ãһֱϣնɱħΪǵжôǿѾʱ򣬺ܶΪҲۺޱȣܶ뷨
Ҫƾ鷢Ļ²úкܶ˵ΪᳬǣΪһʸϵķǿߣЩ󱲷׷׳ĻȻԸ⡣
Ϊ飬Ƿ׷׶һɳ۷ЩħӰ߳Ҳնɱǿߵж
նɱǿԼΪΪͺǳһ㣬һΣͻ˴Ϊˬ죬˵һΣеڶΡ
˵ҶСΰ֮⣬ǿ߶ľ˷ǿ֮սС
ӡաѪ޼Ҳ⡣
ÿܶ߶ܹоֲؼ伤µĻе߶ľսΨִսߡ
һּĴս߷ֻԵܹǽ顣
תۣѾʮˡ
ʮÿһռпµĴսΪǿս飬ߺ߳ȥǺ¸Щǿߵսˡ
ʮĻ֮ϵǳˣγһΪ׳۵ͼЩͼǿߵ͵
ʢУܺܶ۷ĸֲͻƣΪǿߣǷ·ɾͷǿ߸Ͳǿơ
һ̼仹񾳸֣ǵзǿ󣬻һ̣ͻһֱӽǿߵľ硣
ʮʱ䣬˸ı˺ܶ࣬ʮ֪жٷǿ䣬ܶʮڣΪƹɢһ־£ͳһֺƴơ
߱һûУЩǿǿߵսУ˲ֵһ־͹ΪӴ˺󣬾˺ǿսʱˡ
Щǿߵսӵ˺磬ΪҶСѵԵʣŮûгһֱһ
һһ赲Ƴˣ˺һڵκˡ
ľ۹ʱʱҲսУԼΪ
ʱУ㲻ŬΪʹ󣬴űǿɡ


2392 Ӯ֮
ʮҲɱħͷеķǿ߶ˣǲϵնɱǿߡ
ǳֳ֣ƺǿ޾һ㣬һλֻһλԭ򣬲Щǿߵķ
ʮ䣬Ѫ޼ͺܲˣǶܵĿ죬ҲѾ䣬͹
֪ҶСǳǵԵһ㣬ûҶС鷳мǿսںƽԭĵڡ
ǿǵķҶС͵ޱȣﶼڳڣһ̤ƺͲǿߵĶҲٻԷ᲻ΪΣա
ѾǰһˣԼΪ߱ǵȴȴôɢһ󣬾ѣȻٺںϣһٶȾͻĺܿˡ
ʮѾжʮ۷ǿ߾ѣҶСǶʮൽںϣΪһжûֻ֪ҶСһ֪
ŵһգҶС¶Ϊʱһܶ𾪡
˽ҶС統ߣôûнôһĺס
ȻҶСڳ黹ǷǳģλǿˣλǿΪˣҶС綼֪
Ϊֹĵ۵ԵʣѾڴĵ۶Ͽϵʲô飬ٽдĵۡ
ȻĵҲΪԾŴγ˷ǿߵսУԴǴκҶСһս֮ƺûзĵͬʱֵˣһ֣ܶҲ벻ס
ĳǳسڣޱȣ⣬·һ㡣
жô֣ôķһһ˵İƺԶ˳һ㡣
һգҶСھͻȻ䣬ƺӦʲôһ㣬ɫȻһ㣬ֻӶһ֣֪ͨͨʲôط
һεбųͨйᴩ˲䣬һͷϽڡɫ۵Ӱͨץ
һӰոմͨбץʱͨգڳĻһᱻҶС¶Ϊס
СĴħǡǡ
һӰո˵˼ֱ֣ըѣҲʧӰ٣ؼ䣬£ֻʣһžޱȵ͹
һӰըѣҶС㶣üͷ
˭˭ȻӮնɱˣҶС
ûղһӰӮۣӮʱҶС͸оӮΪǿ󣬱궼Ҫǿܶࡣ
ܶصĶǴӮۿ֪ģû뵽һμ澹ȻԶһ仰û˵꣬ͻɢˡ
ħѵնɱӮ۵˾Ǵħ𣿡ҶС롣
ղӮ֮ǰСĴħ˵ˣӮѾ˴ħ𣬲һ֪ħһЩأҪȻҲôҴҵѰҵԼ
ϧˣһ仰û˵ꡣҶС΢΢һ̾
ʱĿͶ۵һ죬ǹͳУһɢ㽫
ǿΪħΪѾͨ쳹صľ磬Ҳ̫Զˣԭ뽫ӮϧӮûͻƵǿߵľ磬ͳܲסֻܽ͸ˡҶС
ɨԲľ붼֮£ųʱڰ
һʱųҲ˷ǿߵսУҺüζֵһ־˿̣ڹΪԼĻΪʵ
һҶСٻԼǰ
úųǰ̬Ȼޱȡ
һŷǿ۳ľ͹˰ɣſΪһܸߵĲΡҶС罫ž͵ųǰ˵
ʦҲգôʱûгȥˣܶǿߵΪˣûʦ򣬿ǺΣ֮Сųޱȵ˵
˼ȷҶСǹ֪ҶСһڳû߳ȥҶСΪЩ˳
õģòЩķʽȽ⣬ȥɣҶС˰˵
ҶСֵӣֻҪˣȻȥһͥԺ
ҵΪǲܹٽһĻͿںϺǸˣҲ鿴ҵĶҲ֪ҾʲôطЩʲôҶСŹâ
ųӮ󣬾ΪԺǿߵսУҲһЩ
ˣܹտƽԭúƽԭЩǿߵս


2393 ʵ
һֱӮ۶һǳ͵ˣʱˣԸ󣬵ʱҲһ
ΪҵԼҪҵĴ𰸣˺ܶ࣬û뵽ȻĽ֡
Ӯ۵飬ҶС̾ѣһʲôûˣͬʱҲΪҶС˺ܶɻ
꣬ҴҶͨһӣһḶ́˵ȴֻתһ˲۾һһ͹ȥ
Ӯ۵ʧ˵ûʲô仯·һˮ罭ӻߺ󣬲
ԴӮҶСָͨ߿Ƽʧ緢飬Ȼе飬ӹüΪС
ǿȴûҶСôõԼͬǿսС
ⲢǷҪȥûа취İ취ӱܵĻǿΪԽԽߣ󣬻Ҫɱ˵Ϊô߼ȥǿ֮໥սȡһ
ҲֻҶСˣŲ뵽սС
ΰž۽̨Ǳǣ˽ȥֻҶСһ˹עźƽԭ顣
Ǳ塢ϻ塢Įطķǿߣ׷ױ룬ȻڵĵĴһֱû¶棬Ҳп¶ˣȴûʵݡ
һ꣬ʧ绹Ǻ磬ΪڰӣǿߵսһƬƣؼңһ߶岻ѡ
˵ǰ񾳸ֵ£ôһǷǿߵ£ǿ߳˶ܲ
һһ޵ţǺճ콾ȻʧɫǿߵĴսסʱĹâ
ÿ춼˿µսɫѪҺ䣬ѪҺж̺ޱȿֲʧɫ޹⣬µѹؼ𶯡
˵һе߶ڿ־ͲУһЩ־ܴߣȻǿսļѹɱˣЩֱ߻ħ
꣬Ļϣ任һ׽ĸоһſǳ䣬ЩǳһֹâƺҪڵסյĹâˡ
һʼǳʱ˶𾪣Ҳϰˣǳǳ顣
ƺǿ˵ҲˣƺһִΪ˵ĸо
ҶСÿ춼ڴЩܹѣΪܹˡ
һ䣬֪ںжٵ⣬ȻںЩʱҲǷ˺ܶ˵飬ֵ飬и飬ͷ۲ѡ
Ͼûоѵʱһĸ壬Լ˼룬Լϲŭ֣ҶСûа취ֹ
Щ˾Ѻ󣬶׷뿪׵ʧϣЩ˹ϵõĶڷѰҡ
ΪѰֵܣѰѡ
ŮӣΪѰˡ
ںһ⣬ҶСͻһ֮ҲԽΪΪҲǿ
򣬳ڣҶСһϢϢ֮ƺÿһ˵һ㡣
Ȼڳϸȥ۲Ļͻ֣ᷢƺƬʱУ磬һֺصĸо
ȻҶС˫Ŀ˫ĿǳתΪǰ;Ϊ˼ˣΪ·ҶСһֿ´һ㡣
ۣۣһжʧˣҶС˫Ŀޱȣһܹ͸Ĺâ
ڻһһûںϣһһںϣҾͺпܽ뵽Ǹ磬ڵѾƬǿ֮ҪͻƣٱƬҪƣƬǿãã档ҶС
һ꣬Ϊٷչһ꣬һʼʱ򣬾ѵⲢǺܶ࣬ΪʮǰЩֻ⣬һžѣΪƵһΣһ쾹Ȼ;ʮ⡣
ôһȥҶСʧһһεУҺеⶼȫںϣҪȻյҶС²ҶС磬ɶ˸γɵ塣
ЩԽԽ࣬ҶСΪһֲֿٶ
ҵΪѾĲ鿴ȻȻƬǿգƬǿнٴңôˣҲǳȥˣúÿ磬ЩǿߵսЩǿߵ໥սںǸҪġҶСͷ죬
ɢһεһи·ҶСѾԶƬǿһ㣬һ߳ա


2394 ս
ҶСӰ˻ĳǳϿգһεĹâ֣Ǿ֮ϵ飬һױȵУһֳ׵ĸо
ʱ߳Ҳûио־һ֪Լɹˣ󣬲ʲô飬ᱻ˶š
˭ʱ򣬱˶ţһ̣ѾҶСˣ˶˺ܶ౶
þûгƬرøӷˡ
ҶСһ˾ͳ֮⣬ǵԭֻһƵСû뵽Ѿչͳеļ
Խ죬˥ҲԽڵķѾҶСһֺĸо
ȻȻڲϵĵڰǰŵѾ˺ܶࡣ
һʱҪĻˣҲ֪ʱãǷһֻأһжʱȫӭһȫµʱҶС
¡
ʱҶСоϱߺƽԭϻĽ紦𵴲ѣǿƺ˻ҡ
Ǳߵһע⣬ֲֿĲǷǿ߷ġ
Ҳ֪˭սȥҲ˳˽һ£ǿߵʵҶСһӾʧˡ
ƽԭϷϻĵĽ紦ǿߴսһǿ֣ͬԷһǿߡ
ڿµһǿѾȫ·磬˲ˡ
ۣû뵽㾹Ȼɱңһɫ۵Ŀ˵л¶һĨʧ
ߣôܹˣ嶼֪۵ĴأԶֻܻӰһɾͷǿߣͳһ壬ǳдЩϼһﶼǰô࣬ǷС
ʲôĳϣǲӵһͷѣʵȨˣ㣬ֻҪˣҲΪܵõ塣һӡлȸͼܵɫ
оܹŨŨĺ⡣
ԭԵ黹ǹڻ̫ˣ彫᳹׵ĻңѾħϡ̾һ˵
ߣô˵ڣڵΪҵĶ֣ۿЦһ
󺣡
ſһ£һɫ۳ɵĳӣһ泤γһ״۰ΧǱضӳĳ˻ɫڻѣ·Ҫȼˡ
ռ
һǿ˫лһԲȫڵƬռ۴ǻڵӳ
һǿ۶ۣһҪֵӣֻҪһʲôֵĶԻ˲֡
ҿô¶׺֮ɫһĨ˷ܣƺѾ۱յûҷһĻ
ۣҪɱңôԼˣҪ塣һȦȦɫâɢֵǹɿµ֮
ǹǿ֮˸оıȼգѪҺꡣ
Լ䣬۶ЩƲסѪҺķڡ
Ȼ۳ɾͷǿ磬û뵽ǿ֮ս󣬻۵ΪѾֵز簡
ˣ⻰Ҳ˵ڣѵûкͺƽԭȻ˵Ϊ壬ΪķչʵϣΪλǣǣ˭ﶼסɫŤһš
ԭģʲô飬㶼ΪԼ¶һĨˡ
һװɣ㣬ȴһףǼ϶Ǳһƭ𣿡оǳ
ˡ
ɢɫâȻȼһɿֲȲ磬ڲƺڲҲһ޴Դ
ۡ
һѪһѪҺ̺ŨŨĻһѪͶƺҪһ㡣
ǡ
һϸ΢ѷϣһɹɫѪҺΪҡ
һ콫նɱҪǿǰ鷳ˡü˵
õģ֣Ҿ͸һɣ
ղûжֵķǿ˵⡣
ľľΪ֣Ϊɭ
ǿһɹɴɫϢǹɴɫϢӿۣΧĿռγһſľЩľǹ۶ɵģʵޱȡ
ľȼյĸһ£һȫ˻磬˶ƺȼɫ˿ݻɫϢҲڲ½


2395 ־
ǿߵΧ£۳׵·磬Ҳܵ˼в
۵Ϊͳοǿﻢһ˾С
۵ǿ棬һǿǿľ֧˻ȼգضȼ
ǿ󣬾ܹʵ߳Ҫս
ѩϼ˪಻ԣΣ
ٺ٣ۣ㲽ߵ֮ǰͳһ壬ɵͷܹҪȻնɱһ͹ĴھΪҶ¡ɭһЦɫȼյ˵
ʱûзŭûʹֻ࣬бһжΪ֮ˣû뵽ͷǱ⣬Լε˱ѣڷ
ʱƬѾȼյķؼ䣬ͻȻ䴵һ磬һ紵ʱǻʵǿ󣬶̲סһ
һɺ·µķ硣
ܻʱ䣬˺ܶ࣬Ϩ֮һ
δδ𡪡
һſСˮ飬Ӿ֮ϵ£ˮи̺ź˼µϢЩ治СϵĻѾϨˣڿԻһˡ
ȻʱѾյĲˣǣЩˮİڵ̲ܶЩյƤȫ£ļ¶
ЩǱصĵطڣڹС
ʲôˣ
Χ۵ĻϨһ룬֪ܲʲôԭ򣬿϶ڰгˣҪȻԵ޹ôˮ飬к紵
ǿߣĿΧƺҪѰҵǸֵ˵䡣
ԷܹıϨֶ̫ˣֱ似
ʱһִֻ٣ץڵƬռ䣬ƺҪƬռ䶼Ųߡ
ߣ˭ǰۣն۴һ˫ֺϲȻһĶʷֿɲǼ䣬һνɫųиȥ
ǽɫ֮ռ仯Ϊ˻磬Ǳ¶ȻΪնΪĻ硣
ֽɫȸղŵɫ滹ҪֲҲ˵ˣƴ۶˼Ϊӡ
ɽˮͼ
ղŷľķǿߴһţƺʲô˳ȥһ㡣
һľˮԵɢת۾˷Բʮ๫ķΧֵķΧڣһɽ಻ɽдУˮʶ
һɽˮͼһ㣬һЩƽ֮˴ڶԷƬڣΪǵһƬɽС
һǿޱȣ츳һִ̺ŲĥƽһлԵ
Уֻ־ڻԵΪ̫ǿˣѾּıƬصĹȻǹɴ֮ĨĶ
ռӡ
һóڿռķǿǿ˫лһԲƺҪΪΣȫӡöԷߡ
˺ϻ֮µ£ضΪ֮𶯵ԿٵأԻ硣
˵ĿҪֻʱһߴӾ֮ϴݶ¡
ΪҲ赲ңԲ
һƬǿյ־ǿػһǴȥĹ顣
ڻ£һιâͬƥһ㻮ƿռ䣬ֱ˦˹
ء
ǿ߸ûüӦһӾͱǹεƥײĵ˳ȥ
ۡ
ǸһڽɫѪҺֱ䵽Զɽϣض𣬿֪ǹεжǿ
ڴͬʱ¡һ죬ڵǸռ䣬һֻץߣԭ¶һڶĿռ䣬ǿռѷ̫γɵĶ
Ǿ֮ɫĿһĻ۵Ǹ֣ʵ̫ǿˣһץ֮£ȻһƬռ䶼ץˣ֮ع
¡ս
þãǷزŻָԭλعֲϡ
һ֮ϵ־н٣ƺҪ鿴ʲôջûв鿴һֲ뿪
ʱԶɽڵǿ߳һ亹ǲǰ֣ǿֲޱȵ־ȫսĿ־
ȿȿȡ
ǿ߿ȳ˽ɫѪȻ˳໥һۣг⣬ױȵĿ־塣


2396 ̸
ۣ㺦Ƕˡóռķǿ߿ɬһЦ˵Թ
һǿҲһۣƺЩߣЩŭ
㲻˵εһʧôͻȻָ־ۣ
λͬ˵ʣ¶һĨΣҲ֪ͻȻĸ֣Էʵ̫ǿˣǸûУ治֪ʲôˣԷĿҲΪնɱۣΪɣ
ΪԷʵѾߵ־磬һۣ˵ܹӶ٣ο˵ΪۣΪζԷûնɱǣλóռķǿЦһ˵
ԷΪɵʲôѵǶˣԷ뿪һɿµ־ٶ£ԷǹǸǿ־ˡɫص˵
ǿ߳Ĭƺ⡣
֪ε鶼ңÿûпǵ⣬ԲһˣǱ뾡Ϊֵˣǽǿ־ˣΪ̫̫߳࣬ԷҪնɱǣ׾٣ܹ࿹ĴڶûС۸Ͻת˻⡣
ȷʵҪŬΪΪǵʵѾǿˣǱ˵ֱϺ͵ϵ𣬺۷ĸ֣Է񾳵ĸ֣̫ˡ
ȷʵˣǲҪعˣԷȻۣô϶ۼΪϤûնɱۣ´ΣۣǾ鷳ˡóռǿ˵󣬿һۻۡ
ɫѿޱȣͬʱҲʮֳأҲ֪ν۵̫ˣΪһʧ飬û뵽ǳ˲ӡ
ڿϻǱǲܻˣȥط۵飬һһɣɫص˵
֣˭۵ĹϵǱҪ֪ԷҪȻҲһͿһǿʡ
ϻһ򽻵Ҳһ˵˭ϵõĻôֻкƽԭһλˡü˵
ѵΪƽԭϻ̣ͨҲƵصԵʣǾ֪һλѾǧû뿪ˣûвǿ֮սͲôǿʵóʹÿռǿƶϣܲǸ˾ǺƽԭҶС硣
ǰѾ͵ǧ꣬Ҳ֪Ǻιʣһķǿ֮սУûϢӦòǣɷǿߵΪѾˣôٶȡ
ܰɣ˺ƽԭһλ⣬벻ʲô˻ۡ˫һ̯
˶Ĭ
Ƭ̺óڿռķǿ߿ڣ߰ɣ뿪ǲСľˣҲעעϢ
ۺһǿߵ˵ͷȻһ뿪
ϻ壬ػΪɭϵһƬȻ۵й
һУһɫ۵ȶĿţղ˺صˣڲòϵйĸ֣ꡣ
۲Զһ̴ľǰһɰɫ۵ƤëĵذϣϸƷζϵЩζ
ƺֻЩζûڡ
˺þã˫ĿȻɫЩ԰ף֮ǰѾöˡ
ǰдŸм֮ɫ˵ΪҪǻ۵Уû뵽Ȼˣл
ûʲô֮ͶѣοҲܶҵθڣȻҵѲ࣬һɣΪ磬һ˵֪Ļˣ̫ˣҪõѣڱ˴˼䶼˾롣ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ûǸ۵ҶС磬ܵзǿߵսʹҴҸ˹ȥû뵽ΣһĻ˳־
Ϊ˲նɱˣΪҶСûǸҪϾҪЩȻҲΪԼЩ鷳
Ȼ㽫ҵѣôӽ쿪ʼ͵ˣȻ˶˵ֶβ̣ǶԴѣһسŵۼᶨ˵
ˣҶôͻȻӺƽԭˣ˵һֱںƽԭǱߣһû뿪˵㵣С˲һṳ̂ȴţȷʵˣôûмˣû뵽ΪѾֵزǵĲԽԽˣûˡ
ˣǷŰɣҶСЦЦ


2397 Ӧ
лˣû뵽۾ȻôΪ˳ңϧˣеĺ⾹Ȼ˵ľ޴󡣡΢΢һ̾˵
ЩԼΪģʲô⣬ȿǵԼǲ²˵˼ҲԼ˼ȥ²⣬ֿˣûбҪšҶСʮƽ˵
ҶСĻۿɬһЦʧ߷չĽ׶Уϻķǿ߲࣬ڼѾȫˣֻʣҺͻۡ
˶Ǳıģ̫ˣ˵컹ͬ˵ķǿߣڶͻε򡣡
ԭΪҪǼ£뵽˵е磬ҪȻͲЩ飬һô˵ľ簡磬ܹͳ˷ܹΪ˽Ǹ˶ˡ
ǰȻݶޱȣֶκܶ࣬Ҳûа취İ취УЩ̣̲Է⣬磬ռһɽعѾԸı䣬廹ѵĻ϶ᱻɣڽǵȦ󡣡
Ϊ壬Ҳòĺ¾Ϊ۲һֱңȻ϶ҹѾ˳ȥ֮ġ
ҶСһĬȻһΪǵ壬ΪܹǿʢȴһЩ⣬оʹ
׼ô죿ҶСʵ
ô죬ֻܺǿսΪҵΪҪۣҪȻƿ壬Ҫ֪ҪʲôطǸǿʢֱӳΪĳЩ˽Ĺߡ˵
Ȼд㣬Ҳˣʲô飬ҡҶСʱ˵һ뿪
ҶС뿪Ӱ΢΢һ̾ǰΪҶС޼ҶС˷ǿߵľ󣬾ͿʼڣҶСʵѾȫԼ
ÿһ˶ԼԼĹ켣Ȼ벻ΪҶСڻĳǳأΪչޱȿֲѾԼļƻǾǸϽΪԼʵȥۣ۴ѡ
뿪ϻ壬ܼܲ뵽һСǿһս
૵
Ƭ̼䣬ҶС뿪ϻģվ˺ƽԭ߿գ˿ͷϵĻ¶һĨ
۵ʱѾоһ־ٶ£Ҫ鿴˭ȻʵȻﵽֵزҶСڵΪԷͲ鿴
ʹԷǸںϵǿ
ȻҶС绹֪ԷӰعôǿߴսΪʲô֪Էںϣйء
ԷһǳԽĸֻ֣֪ʣһںϽС
Ȼ̬Ѿı䣬׵ĺںϣԶ޷һ
϶ٴηľ硣
ЩһﵽƬǿջ᳹׵ԷūУҶСҲᱻնɱߵЩˣͬ
ΪԼΪߵЩѣΪ˸ʫҶȽ뵽ҲҪƻжҶС
ͻȻ䣬ĵ׳һǺľ۹һ˲䣬ԺгһͼֻҹۡۡۡĵϹźħ۹صںޱߵĺϿա
ôͻȻЩô£ҶСü뵽ƺЩ벻ͨ
ͻȻҶСĿѵѵν˸ӦҲһɵĴڣ
˵ԭʼһɵĴڣֻҪ˽г֣ͻӦҶСΪһĹڲŷ֣Ϊһ־ı֡
ԣƺܹӦֱƿնȥǱԻû뵽ΪֵزֺôҶС΢΢𶯡
һ̼䣬ҶСص˻ĳǳأϽø߿ƼͨһǱߣѯںľ۹ͬʱҪǽںͼ
Ƭ̺󣬱ͨˣҶСиֳĹĻĿ˺ľ۹ǿսһ
ľ۹ڵΪǿȻҶС˵кܴĲҲˣǿߵϹ£ûȫˣȻս
ôΪҲ˺ܶ࣬üûȥˣȥҲ׼ĶҶС漴˫Ŀ


2398 ҶС罵
УҹۣۡۡһĵۣѾõķǿһµĺľ۹ս
ҹۣһ֣ڰޱߣ·ƬԶ˺ڰ֮У׵ĳ٣ҫ۵ĹƲǺڰ
ʱԺҹģںڰʱ˶һֽ겻¿־ںڰ˲ʵԼ
ֻҪƲҹ۵ҹĻռ䣬е飬ᱻҹƿ˼ά
ۣ˵ʱʱպգһ־ǾɱܹԷȫɢܹٿ֮ˡ
ʱһδսУֻնɱ˸ˣȻٿһɱһǳصˣЩʬƿСˣЩʬ󣬾Ȼǰİ˳ΪȻֻʣսʶûǻۣҲǼΪµġ
۾͸˵ˣΪ֮ĵһˣΪųû˸Ҳһʣ̲סİš
ʱĩڵʱܶ鶼ŵģ˻϶ƴӣǻ۳ȺǵҲһȻǵ۲мڰЩ¡
ĵۣΪǿУΪһڿΪѾ˺ܶ౶Ϊ۱ȽҲ˶١
ǰĵһǳ͵ˣټʲôۣû뵽ͻȻ͸ߵſѣʲôԵһ㡣
ľ۹ƽʱʱ򣬻٣Դ˶һº͵ӣֲµŮӣǵȻսʱ˵ʾͱˡ
Ǹ߹ľŮһ˪ּΪÿδĹ˵ı㡣
Ϊˣľ۹ܹ֧ôʱ䡣
ķǿսѾúܶǿ߶ˣ۵˵ΪҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊǿ֮Ƶսںܶǿ߶ţΪ˷ֹǿ߻ɱҲΪܹ˸Ѹٵնɱǿߡ
ڷǿ֮սҪôҪôһüΪ̡
Ϊ˷ǿߵľ磬Ϳվ۷ˣ֪˷ǿߵľ磬֮սӲˡ
磬ǺƽģϧʧķǿѾţҪնɱѣˣ۵˲׼翴
ȻѾҶСǵĸ߿ƼУ֪˺Ĳһ㣬ǵʵһ
ȻûʧôȴޱȣַһޱȽȫƶȡ
·˲Ĺ壬֮ˣЩʧ˲һȡ
Щ仯ǱĴںй䣬ϧûݿ˺ܶܶ鷳ľ۹ˣľ۹û뵽ǣЩ˾ȻǷǿߡ
ôˣȻûһСǻŻɫâϳʵƺܹӶΧе
˿̣УѾкܶຣƮ˺ϣʬȫʧ
Ůаţܹ˵ĹСĵ㣬ҶЩŮǲǵ۵ͽܡĵ۷ǳˬ˵
Ѿչ򣬿ϧÿζľ۹ı֮ƽ⿪۾ǳ
ΪҲϽǳ֣Ϊ˳ԸһǿߵСֵ飬û뵽ѾܾˣȻûЩԷ
ǿ۾۾ܹáɫص˵
ȷʵˣѵۣɫ΢΢һ˵
ɫ˱䣬Ƕ֪۵ǿܹȥδģһ𺳣սͨ
ҪǾ˰ɣһ˷ҶͲðˣƽԭϾҲкܶǿߡʱҶС翪˵еĹѾͣ
˶ЩԥϾҶСͷ⣬ƽԭǿ࣬ҲһЩɵȻЩΪҪģҪǺºƽԭЩǿߺǿ
ߣҶܹôѾǧû뿪ƽԭһˣôǵΪѸٵأ»ԭ̤ҾͲţƽԭǿܹΪһս˵
ۣǵ֮йԼģǿ߲̤ǺһѵǲҺ磬ҵ˶֣Ǻ⣿
ͻȻ䣬һؼ𣬾ͷ·һ
Уѣɣһε˷£ת۾γһӰһӰҶС硣


2399 ҫ
ҶС磬۵˶ͣ˹ɫһ䣬ѿޱȣľ۹¶˻Цݡ
硣
ľ۹һϽܵҶСߣҶСǲһѣȻҸӸղ˪ºӱΪڼСŮɬϲӡ
ôˡҶСºһЦľ۹Դ
磬ѾСˡľ۹Щ΢΢
ҶСȻһЦ
Ҷںƽԭǧͷڹ꣬ڳˡĵһĨ˵
վ¾ͽҺˡҶСںľ۹˵Ȼ㽫\ľ۹
ľ۹ʮֹɵĵ˵ͷȻ¶΢΢ĵģˡ
ǧչزǲʲôû뵽ΪΪȻ䵽ֵزҶС翴΢΢һ̾Ŀصϡ
䣿һ䣬Ѳֻһûж䣿ûа취˭أЩ˶Ǹ߸ϵĴڣҲٺʲôʲôأƬѾǰƬˣƬѾı䡣
ôķǿߣÿ˶ΪΪ˷ľ磬ǲϵնɱǿߣΪȥǵΪԽԽߣΪɵĶ󡣡
ҲΪԱΪ棬Σٵʱ˭Ҳ޷ƽ磬ܹƽģֻҶˡ
۷ǳʹ˵
ʱͻȻ仯ÿһǿֻܻ꣬Ϊ˼ȥһ˿ʼָİ취ձƶشѣܶǿߣܶǿ䡣
֮ЩˣٳһѪ֮·ǿߵĹѪعĿȱ
ǻ
ʱȻع仯ߵûз仯ǳһľ棬־ٸ˷񣬸˸оѹ֡
Ϊ˲ΪǿߵֻŬΪնɱǿɣ˵һֱܣܵвʱıܡ
ûԸԴУԼȫˡ
۵˵һεķҲеڶΣȺʱʮ꣬󣬻ǷսʤһУΪԼ
ߴǿ߼뵽˷ǿ֮սкзǿ߶˽ߵĿֻš
ңһķǿǷ׷׳֪󻷾£ҪܣͲܣһᱻҵ
ȻŵķǿΪϵһҵ㣬ĻᶼûУֻܳΪ˵ɵĶ
ִ󻷾£ܶ˶м뵽ս֣ڷǿ֮սԽԽ
ʲôԭʲôԣҶܣǲýﵽҺҵĵ̣ҵĵϣͲǱҵĹءҶСĿһĨ⡣
Ҷô㲻һ߳ƽԭȻ֪ı仯ˣǶѾǵˣ㻹ǵģȻΪǿôÿ춼ڽҾͲţΪܹǣοⲻһѡһЦ
ȫû˵վһʱºЦݣȻһƣ̸ۣαѾ׵˺ƤӣҲ޹˼ɡ
ǰ֮㲻ѣҲ㲻ǵˣڳ׵ߵ˶ϡ
ҶСǽã´ξֵˣһֱ˵ʵǿޱȣû˼ȫǵӣһǻģһͳ׵ɢɣӵ¶һĨ
ҫΨҳ𡣡
ǰ̤һ˵ɫ⣬һ⣬۳һ̨վ̨롣
һ̼䣬Ӱߴޱȣ·վ֮ϣɽӣһоΪϣҲˡ
ϸһɹԽغǺӡ
˫ּһӵӡöӡֵʱգγһ򳡣ϵɢ
ҫΧڣߣǳǷؼûܹѣعѾ۸ġ
֮Ī֮Ī仰۴ʱ״̬һõڹ͡
ҫķΧתۼ͵ҶСǾ߷֮ǰ漴ûҶСǾ߷ͺľ۹ȫⷶΧڡ
ǿµ֮£ҶС۳ɵķŤЩʱҪĹʱҪʧһ㡣


2400 
ҶԽ٣ҲܾȵӣĹϵܲѰ˰ûе˵һϵܲѰķǿߣԵְ
ɢҫˣҲӾңƬռеعӰҲǿˡ
ǡ
ҶСǵƺܲסΰϱ飬ѳѷ죬һҪȫʧӡ
ҶСһ߷ӣһҲһͬʱ˫Ŀ⡣
Ϊôʲô£ԭҲֻֽϻͻװǻƣϵĹΪϣǴĲ簡ĵ۳
ΪҲҳ赲ǣҶҵţò˶ãһǰдһΪ׵ʲôزĶҶС˵
ҶС磬˹һֲŷ֮УһĨʣƺҶСʱΪܹǡ
ҶСһֱŲͲЩȵĶ֣˵ЩҲΪ˴̼ҶС硣
𣿲עҪʧˣȻڲһ߹ѣҲܹԿġ
ҶСһ
֮أ֮زƣ𣬶Ҳࡣ
ҶСз͸һϢ·ҶСĻǼµ֮Ӱⷽա
һε˷ӿҶС֮⣬˶ܲǵĸ֪Уֻз磬ķ磬ƾճֵķ硣
ЩȫӿҶСǿҪĻǻѷȫϣƺ֮ǰΪʵƺ̺һ㡣
һĻĿɫ΢΢һ㣬ѿޱȣΪҶСʵܵͣϾҶС糣ںƽԭû߳ȥһΪҲ˶ٱ
ʱնɱ˺ܶǿߣЩǿ߲ٵľ͹ʵ
ҶСһ߻Ȼôǿʵһ֮£Ȼû˵ҶС籾ʵǿޱȣԱǿ¡
㡭㾹ȻΪܣԲܣ㲻һֻֽϻҡͷ˵϶ǲ֮ɫֶβնɱһЩǿߣΪ
ҶСأṳ̂ƽԭһȻôΪûû
ҲţҲţʵɱ
бųһĨȻĳһƣһŨޱȵϢ·һƬؼڳ⣬ʲôûС
ЩĶһεĥֻʣһ߿տǣƯʬ塣
ɫľƣƬأҶСȫ֡
۵۾һգգĶҶС磬ҪҶСôһƣͬʱҲҪҶСʵʵ
ȻҶСܹһ֮£û˿ˣǵһ㻹ǿҶСΪһᡣ
֪ôһơҹ˵ſµĹâ
ֻУ·Ҫʹȫֵһƣ۶֮Ѿһ£ÿһУÿһʽͨУ̺һʲô壬ҪӶߡ
ߣҿҲܲϾֻһ߻ǷҶĵЦһҶС磬ǸղҶС۵Ĺ
һƣҶСɫ䣬ƽ˵Ŀʼ
ҶСһ߻˫иԻһԲʱ䣬һĪӿӿֻɢŨ֮ľơ
Ϊײضᱬ춯صһ̵˴ʧ۵
ҶС۳ǹȻֻɢŨ֮ľںˡ
ֻ̺Ĺ˱仯ȻһֻƱɢŨϢľơ
ޱŨҵϢȣЩƯĺһ»˹ľ۹ڣ΢ҲѾת
ôܣ۵˵ɴ۾ԼһĻ
ʲôһôӣҶ㵽ʲô𾪡
ĸо˿־壬һ޷Ԥ֪ԷʵĿ־壬Լ򱻿ƵĿ־塣
һָоҶĹѾȫ˽ˡ
ûΪʲôһģÿһߵͷ󣬶ӭҰղ紵ѵ㻹𣿡ҶСƽ˵
Ұղ紵ԭԭҵ۹⻹̫խˡ૵ƺʲôƺʲôûס


2401 
ľͷ︴գֻ˼£ϧＫطĵҲܹ΢һܹ֮ĻʵԻ̶ܴȵ
û뵽Թ̶ѾֵزۿҶСһ˵ɫһƬӡ
ⲻҶԹ񣬶߽һͬͬ赲ˣΪѾ˺ܶࡣҶС絭˵
߻ȻǿȻ㣬һʼʱҲ֪ˣģҲٳˡ˵һ䣬Ȼ˺˼˼ѾȷˣڿʼҶС֡
۵Ķɫһ䣬ѿޱȡ
Ҷһ߻ʵɣ˵Ͻɫâɫ˳ƺƵܾ
ҹּ̧䣬ҹҹһ˫۾ܹĵκ˵зʽ
ĵ۽һƬ֮ɢ֮֮γһƬ½أ½ϣףߡ
ҶСɫǰͲʲôֻһ߻ҪǿսĻ߻Ƕ֡
һԵĺľ۹¶һĨǡ
һ˫ܹȥδӵǿͨƺѾҶСһս·ӡ
˴ڵж״̬һҪֵӵʱͻȻ䣬¡һ𵴲ֹй˻ҡ
۵ϹâջԼͷųϢɫصա
ʧ磬ʧ϶ʲô£ҪȻҲӰ쵽ص𶯡ۿ˵
ҹۿҶСһۣ¶ԥ֮ɫ֪Ǹûصʧ磬ǼҶСһս
ߣʲô飬ֽҶ߷˵ĵЩη˵йâתһҪӡӡ
ˣ´˵ǻʧ磬׷ʲô飬ҶһξͷŹ㣬ϣҪ㣬ĵĴĺƽԭҪ¡۶ҶСĿ˵
ۣǺ֮ѾˣǲնɱѵҪȵնɱ𣿡ĵۺǲ˵һۣȻĿͶҹۣ˼ȷҪҹͬĻ
ڲһ߷նɱʲôãѵǶĿӱˡ
⡭ĵһ˵˻ƳҶСĿݺ⡣
ĵۣʧ绹ĵ۳ˣʹõĹͨһģһﻹһ֪ǸģǸǼٵģʱҶС绺ʵ
⻰ۡҹ۵˫Ŀ΢΢һȻĿͶ˴ĵۣ԰ڳһɵӡ
ȻģǼٵġĵ˿ңƽ˵
û뵽׷˰궼û׷˭װңû뵽ξȻ¶ˣǻߣһҪ²
˵һ仰ʱĵ۱ֵļΪŭ⣬һҪĵնɱӡ
ǻ뿪ʧѾˣħӰ׷׳֣ЩħӰʵǿлзۼħӰʮѾռһѾݡҶС翴һ˻˵
ʲôһ˽ˣзۼǿߣģߣߡ¶˷ŭ֮ɫһͨǱߵķȥ۵ڶȥҹۿһ۴ĵҲ뿪
ߣҶҲ⣬ڵʱ򡣡ܺܲ⣬ܴĵ뿪ˣ뿪ʱҲݺݵҶСһۣ
뿪ڻָ徲
磬ʧĳ飿뿪󣬺ľ۹Ŀʵ
ոص𶯶ǾһģǱּͨͨӴһ֣µľħ˳һƬطѾΪ˾ħ׳˾һʧһƽ̨ҶС绺˵
磬Ҳȥʧ翴ʧʲôӡľ۹һڴ˵
ðɣǴʧɣⲻһ߷ܿҪɢˡҶСľ۹Դ˵
ľ۹¶ʮָ˵ЦݣȻҶСһڣɿ뿪ˡ
ѾͷҶСźľ۹ıӰҡͷЦЦһ߷ʧ»Ϊ˹·ûгֹһ㡣
ҶСղŸǿ˵ģʧȷʵ̯˴¡
һɭɭħѾ˺֣ܶкܶ඼񾳼ģǴսҪˡ


2402 
Ϊʧǿߵþһ˲ǿҵΣǴ˿̴Ӿʧ磬Ҫֵһ
Ͼʧǿ֮սϣзǿзǿߵʵ
ΪǾһеֶΣع˱仯ʧǿ֮侹ȻܹնɱԷȻնԷΪ
þһ֮˲ǿҵΣȥĻò˶ãʧһ֣Ǹʱ򣬶Ǿһ˵Իһ޴ѡ
ΪˣǲųӾʧ硣
򣬷Բʮڣħɭɭƺˮ˺ɫƬգƺħûһҽ
˾ͽǾħķΧһʼʱ򣬻ܹ֧ţʱʧԺлħû֣Ϊ˲˲Ķħһ㡣
Ӵ˺Ҳû˸ҽС
һ죬һ壬ֵ磬Ҵľħʮ춼Էơ
ʱɭɭħУƯһɫĳǱЩɫǱվһһĸ֣ǾһĻ꣬ȴɢǿϢЩ˶ǿߡ
һɫǱڣϢµĸڿУӰʵ֮䣬һּΪìܵĸо
磬Ĳ𣿡һѯʵ
˵ڻֵʱ򣬴ǻ۳Ⱥ϶뷨ţؼʱ̣һֵġһ˵
ǰ粻ΪǻۣǶȲϣˣûһǵĶ֣ò˶ãǱԽ糹׵ռݡ
ģ̫ˣѵ֮ǰǽʲô𣿴Сģһע⣬ͻᱻƣ綼磬ǻСΪ
ǣ硣
ЩǿߵʵԺжʱСĵ㣬𱻷ˣҲ֮˭߾һӣ̫ˣҿ߲֮
磬Ƕףжʱһע⣬˵ǿߵ٣ĸҲܶ࣬ǵˣڿһΪķˣٺ١
˶˵ͷǶһˣʧңÿǿ֮䲻໥Σǳ֣ȻնɱһЩ֣ȻΪ׳Ǿһ
ʱһħӰƮ˽
λħˣ磬кܶǿ˸ӣѾ֪ô˺ܶ֡һħӰʮֹ˵
Ǿһĵڶħ𡢵ħ𡭡ħ𣬿˵ھһĸֶѾˡ
ٺ٣磬ôĶǲֲǹ¡ħɭһЦ˵
ҲãǿԿǵʵΣȻ綥ֵǶ࣬ǶһǵĶ֣ЩΪµעǵħЦһ˵
˵ţһӣǰħħΧͼħУħ̧ۿһС
ʱƬħΧһ֮⣬һǿ߳֡
Щǿ߶ţϣǾһվһ
ʮǿ߷ֳС壬ЩС䣬˴˵ӣ˴˷ֹԷ֣ȻҲѰԼֵĻᡣ
ۡҹۡһСŵأǵۡħ۵һС塣
ǿУΪߵҲˣۡǵۡմۣΪǼγС壬û뵽ǾȻ˿
ƽԭӡΰյȵһ塣
λһѾкֳ֣ܶǾħУвЩʵǿħǻǲҪٶˣȫԸЩһķǿߡĿһɨڶǿ߿˵
ߣԲѣ˭֪ǻ᲻ǺЩħս͵Ϯǡ
ۣʵģһֵܾǱնɱΪҸ֮ĳ޲죬ͱˣ
һ˵˺ܶ˵ļҷɫǰδе
ѵλҪþһ峹ռʧ磿ҪɢھһУЩħǿޱȣѵλҪΪǵԷΪ׳˵ٴ˵ɢһϢ
ٺ٣ѵҪǸһг˺ۣǲܵģСӦЩħôΪ˺ܶ࣬ҾͲţЩħʵжǿ󡣡һǿЦһ˵


2403 ս
㡭ѵλҪþһĸ֮𣿡Ŀһɨ˿ЩС˵
һ̼䣬û˵һĬƺѻشһ㡣
ۣͲҪǿˣǻǸΪսɣⱻ˴ӱͱһʱĵ˲Ƕ֣ͬࡣһǿ˵
úúãȻǶ뿴ŴһһĸնɱǾ⡣¶һĨ֮ɫһĨʹ࣬һĨΡ
ȻҪеԿЩһĸ֣ǸûԸ⣬һΣһİ̾
˵һĵˣϧûһܹôҶŷ
УҶСͺľ۹һĻҲһĨʱҶСһƻ
磬ΪβԸкܶ˶һĸնɱɡľ۹¶һĨʵ
ȻܹһЩδı仯ڶ־ƺĵķȴǺ˽⡣
Ϊ֮䲢ŶԷսѾܳӶԷû뵽֮ĳ޺ͲѾ۵ֵزⲢǵĴ緢չӡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ڣЩСУһЩǿɥСŵУÿһεսЩСеĳһ˿ģЩСһ
Ĵ˿϶ģСһ
һ̼䣬ƺؼ䶼һ̾Ϣ
˭˽յĽ
˭֮ʧȥΣ
˭زĺ
˭ﰧ̾ˣ
صĹֻ̰ɵġ
йķǿ֮սôЩǿ߲ϱǹ˭Ҳ޷ֹҶСʵǿҲ޷˴˼ĳӺͲΡ
Ҳû뵽Ķ֮仹ôìܣԸ˴˶ΪսҲԸħЦЦмгЦһֳ졣
ģֻҪ˵ܲ˼һЩ˭֪ǲЩʲôıȻǾһҲóıƣıϣʱ򣬻ǲЩࡣħ΢΢ü˵
ʲô磿ѵһжǼٵģרٸһϷħɴ۾漴Щ໹գȻϵ
ħһ۵ħ΢΢ҡҡͷЩ벻ͨħǸһﵽôΪħģһĻûС
ǲڻ޷ȷò˶೤ʱ䣬Ǿͻȷħ𿪿˵
ǹħ棬һС壬ħ˴˼໥ƺʲô
ǷĿʹһ˿̰ӦնɱЩħ
磬Щ˵ʵҲǿ\ľ۹ָŹħЩһĸ˵
ǺǿȻôǿ߼˴սΪǵĿǰΪֹû˵Ϊܹڶħ𣬾ǵħҲǸߴһߣҲ֪ħΪжߡҶС¶һĨڴƺڴʹħһսڵڶħȫûȤ
䡪
ʱһСڣзǿͬʱ֣µĹâǹħȻǲħкͶԷĸսȴҪԷӡȻһս
ϧǻʧˡ
ǹħһ޴ȱڣ˴ȱڿһڵĳǱƯգɢĹâ
Щ⣬񾳸ֻ֣ܿһ֣һ֣Ѿľսˡ
˵ħԲʮ֪˶پһĸ֡
һ徹Ȼôĸ֣ƯĳǱѵѵҪ׵Ľ𣿡һʧ
ҿˣǶ׼ٽˡ
ô죿ѵҪǿϲɣ
ǲϵģʧ磬ֻݵĵڿΪĵľˡ
úЩħӿǸȱֲϣ˶һĬУǶЩһĸսôնɱЩħ
Ѿע⵽ǣѾˡһǱڣħŹâ˵
˵ţĿͶǸϵӰ磬ҪҪɳһֳָ磿
ԣ׼һ°ɣǵķӦ֮һĸְɣڶħ΢΢˼Ȼ󿪿˵
ã硣ħͷӦ
Ҳȥһ˰ɣǵӣҪȴЩħʼնı䲻̰ıԡڶħ¶һĨ
磬ҲҪȥħ¶һĨ
ڶħ˵ͷ˵һ䣬ǶԳȥ
ڶħ仰ضʧһ޴˳˭˳еߣ˭ֻȸ


2404 ҹսħ
򣬹ħһֻֻ׶ޱȵޣǺ
˶ŸζԴЩһĸʱǹħһ˿ı仯ħƺҪʲôˡ
պͺľ۹ĵҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һѾħڣһиھۼҪжˡ
ҶС緢ֲúһǿҲ˲Ծ
ħˣʲô飿
Щһĸ֪ﺦˣòӲܹ赲סǵĹиմմϲ˵
˶û˵һŵĿħ
ħĺܿ죬תۼ䣬ǧǿǶûʲôЩӺܴ񾳸ֽҪ֪ʲô
Щħ󣬺ָɫеһЩﾹȻħһ¶˳ǵȫ˺ɫϵ鶼ˣˣľݶǺɫͬʱɢһɷǳаϢ
ЩħȻô£ħ֮еһжͬˣЩħӣò˶ã綼Ҫħûħ䡣
ǰһҪնɱЩɶľһ塣
ܶߵ˵ֻЩǿɫûʲô仯
䡪
ͻȻ䣬ûκεףǽħͻȻ䱬˳첨ˣٶȼ졣
תۼ˷ǿǰħǷˮһħӰƴħг
ԶԶȥ춼ħӰڱգЩħӰΪǿߡ
ħʱ򣬻ҽЩħʱ򣬸ûע⣬С
һԶȥʧħӰɫǰδеĳ
ôǾһиˡ
ͻȻ䣬һЦħд漴һӰһһǿߺǵӰһʧ
ħ𣬷ҵˣ¡
׷
ͱץǿͬһӪķǿȫ׷˹ȥÿɫÿͬһʱ䣬ҲһǿߵС׷ȥ
һĻ˶ҪϽȥֹЩµľһʧвɱ¾
ʱħѳ룬ɺƴϢħдϢͻÿƺһɽһ㡣
ۡ
ɿµϢ£񾳸ͬʱһѪһЩΪķǿɫǲÿ
ˡ
ƺεĽŲƬؼ𣬱𶯣Ӱħ߳ӰȻߴ󣬵ȴһּΪΰĸо·ռ˰Ļ
ģ·˿ò
λħ𣿡˫Ŀ΢΢һʵ
ǣ׼ȷ˵ǵħ𣬵ħ͵ħڵħħƽ˵
ڶħνĴħأѵǺˣٴʵͬʱ鿴һΧָûֵټ
ߣһȺ϶ѣΪҲڶħǶӮûʸ񡣡ħЦһ
ÿһսҹվ˳˵⣬ĿͶ˵ħսڡ
ħƽ˵㲻ҵĶ֣Ժʸҳֵֻˣ㲢У壬ȥɣ
ħ˵ͷȻǰ߳һϾħϣķգһǿѹ٣ԶЩ񾳸ֶһϢ֮С
ħϵıϢҹЩأȻϷ䣬ÿֶϣ˿⣬ϣҲǿߵĽ
ΪҲҳۣҹһǰһֱӿԽü
ʱߴ۵Сĵ㣬ʵǿ
ֻҹܹ΢΢˵ͷڵΪȻܹоԷҪǿö࣬Ѿվ˳Ͳ䡣
֣ҿĹж¡ħȿڣһƣԵúò
ãһ㿴ġ
ҹֱӴӦϢһƣһɳһеϢڵܡ
Ϊ磬ұΪҹҹҺɫۣ͸ﱾԴʡ
ҹ۵лصаſµһ˲䣬Ƭռȫ˺ҹзǵ㣬µա
ڰУ·һž޴ĿգͷûʲôܹӵĲ鿴
һ屾һ֣ǵıʻȻһʱ䣿
ҹ۵ٴƬռص̧һָƺһָ⴫
ɲǼ䣬ħȻŤڽ䵭һɿڴһ㡣


2405 û䣬ҲûӮ
ҹ۵ͨΪ죬ƺһɢһָ֮£ȻʵǿĵħŤҲɢʲô
ءĪ⡣
ǰҹ򣿲ԣлĹ򡣡һǿ
ͬʱ˶˼ţԼΪҹ۵Ķ֣ʲôķʽֹأ
磬Ĺ֡Уľ۹һĨâҶС˵
ȷʵ֣սʱֻҪɢǿҵĹâ̫һۣͲκ㡣ҶС绺˵
ľ۹ɵĵ˵ͷ
ħ·磬ħüһԱߵĵħ𣬿Էɫƽޱȣŷġ
һյ㣬ҲһֻأҾһ屾ͲɢħƬռеص
õƺĳʵƺͲˡ
㿴ҵͨɣħӰǧء
ħ£ǰ̤һһħӰ֣ϰٸЩħӰһģһɢϢҲһģһԾٶҹн
ħӰټ٣˿ܶǿ¶֮ɫǾԼλϣжϲЩħӰ١
ҹҵ򣬾ħӰǧΣӲҵĲ鿴
ҹٴ˵б̤һһһħӰǰ˫һöӡ
š
䣬·У꣬ıʯ顣
һöӡϱ˳ǵħӰ
СˣȻܹҵɣֻҪǾһ̡
ħſһǹǿͱڣΧ˶ɴ۾
ħҪܵˡ
ҶС˵һ䣬£¡¡ڵħ·ײһ㡣
ǡ
ħõһӱʵʣһʯΪһɫĵ
ģʲô
һŭӵħγɵĵڴܹ
ƣƣħ
ء
ըħƺˡ
֮սǿ߶һ֮սһСľҪˡǿ֮սȻޱգһСģͻɢ
û뵽ҹ۵ʵȻǿô˺ܶࡣħһ̣о˾޴ѹ
ʲôħ¶һĨɵҹʵ
ҹҹţҲΪԼˣѾˡҹۻش
ҹ̺źܶйһڵĵطûһκζò˶ãͻ񣬳׵ķʶҲữΪڰһ֡
ãǿĹ򣬼ȻϲҹôƬضΪɫɣ
ħ¶һĨ
ħĻ졣
һɹŨħӵħڳգںҹУĻϵǳȫʧˡ
һ̼䣬ҹ۵ɫоħѾƿأ֮ϵĿ鿴Էټˡ
ƽˣ鿴ҵټҲ鿴ģҹһսɣħƬҹ𵴡
ʱΧֻǰһƬڰĶͿΨһܹټĿֻҶС硣
䡪
µײ˶ѣֻ߸ı䣬ǿΧĺˮϷҺԺǿѹһУҪȻ϶ɾ޴ĳ
һսһСʱʱ䣬һСʱŨҵħɢҹҲʧƬռ±Ϊ˰졣
ֻҹɫ԰ףǻһƽɫѪҺϢΪȶħҲһҲǺӰʱʵãƺƲסˡ
ǵħ𡣡ҹ˵һ䡣
Ҳܲħҹ˵
ϣٴγ׷ſһսҹ˵һ䣬ͻص۵СС
ʱ˶ĿͶҹۣǺҹһսĽҹԺǲһŵأֲ֪ȥʣֻܸż
Ȳѯʡ
ûӮҹ³֡
ûӮǾˣܶ˿ҹ۵ĿһĨ˵
治֪ħжǿǺܶе뷨
û£һεʧܹܲʲôŬΪһὫնɱ۰ο
Ҳû䡣ҹۿһۣ˵
ʲôû䣿ɫΪŹ֣Ҳһ
ǶûжһЩƣҸоǿƴĳ֣һᱻնɱҵĸоҹۿ˵
˶һ
ҹ۵ʵǶѾʶˣЩǿУǴεĴڣǾҹ۶ΪԼսлᱻԷնɱôħжǿ


2406 뿪
ǻҪһս𣿡ʱħؼƺһĨ
սôսһһ߳˲ʮ๫ĸ롣
Ŀѷޱȵĵӣ֮ռȫѣһֺ˵Ϣɢ
˵Ҫһս𣿿ǵ񣬺ͲǶһսҪ泵ս𣿡ħħϣǺɫâҫŵǹ⡣
а䣬һɭ֮˵ļ׵һֱ⵽š
ħϱϢǿµ۵ɫޱȣǶܹоԷʵǿޱȣпûһǶԷĶ֡
һķȫͬǴһʼɣɱԼߣԼΪǾҵҵ˰ǰ˱仯ǿ߼ܹ໥Ϊ
ˣԷΪǣҲ֮С
ҪѲҪȥЦһ
ȥⲻǾһķ񣬼ȻӦ߳ˣôҾͲ˻ȥۼô֣ĶֲӦ˰ɣôĸ֣׼ЩħȫΧɱϧǲǵԸ˭ˣ˭ز֮󣬱
˵ţħɢ˿ħⷽһ̼䣬˶ʧȥĸӦ
Ƭ̼䣬Щħɢ˵һи֪ŻָʱЩħȫʧˣӰ٣һĻеķǿɫѿ
ԣЩħѾ뿪ˣǱᣬӴ˺Щ˾ڰˣͶ˺ܶ಻Ԥϵء
ƻû뵽ǾȻ뿪ˡħһˬ˵
ǣҲѡ뿪һսȻħʵǿ󣬵ΪǲǺܶ࣬ôķǿߣҲǵĶ֣ο绹иǿˡ˵ſһ
ڿʼǵӶùˣԷһֱڰУһҪɱԷʵ̫ˣմ΢΢һ̾˵
УһеҶСŤͷԺľ۹˵Ѿˣ߰ɣ
ľ۹ɵĵ˵ͷ
һε˰˲ʧˡ
ҶС֪ѾȫˣЩħȥԻѣȻҲǿǴѡ
ղץסᣬԥЭսǼħ𣬾ǰеڶħ֣Ҳնɱһħ𣬿ϧЩǿÿ˶Լ˽ģǶ˴˷±ǿ߳ûɱȻҲΪ˴˼гԹ
ħѾԶƬطǽ뵽УԻԼͬʱڰնɱЩΪȽķǿߡ
ӾԻ޴ĿֻţЩͨߣЩǿߡ
ҶС뿪ЩǿһһȻǶһСһСģûзֿǺǿ߳û֡
ϰĴСսǿߵʵֳ˺üΣܶ˶ͬһΣЩС֮ʵ϶ƽġ
ǸСʧ˸֣»С̰ģ˵ǲġ
ȻСûնɱԷ˼ǲò
ߣǴұ˴˼ķ̫ˣҪȻҲЩħӵ磬ںˣкܶ˶ҪΪһֵ˫Ŀź⣬ɨһۡ
ۣҲʵģնɱЩ˵ʱô˵ֻЩħѾ뿪ˣ˵Щʲôãһǿ˵
ǻжǳ
˵ˣɢɣѾһĸֽᣬʱ仹նɱһЩһĸ֡ǵ˫ĿһƬƬͼγɣ·̺һƬ档
ǵ۲ʱʱУɶΪصĴڣû˸С
֪⣬⣬͵ڿ¶û֪ǵ۵ʵʵʲô硣
ķǿսУÿһսУǵСеĸִûбնɱ
ÿοǵѾˣʵеûóЩǿ߸оԼѾ֪ǵ۵ʵսÿζƴ󣬷·ǵ۵ĵ޾ģ͸˴
û˶ǵ۵ʵɵ
ǵ˵껰󣬿ÿһۣ΢΢һͻΪһǹ⣬ʧԶǵǸӪĸҲ׷뿪
ʣµЩǿߣ໥˿ԷһâлǿȫʧֻʣЩ񾳸֡


2407 թ
磬Щħ뿪ٶôô죿ҸûвУľ۹ͷҶС˵
Ҳûв֪ҶСһЦ
ľ۹ʡ
ڶ򡣡ҶС˵
\ľ۹ɴ۾ƺ벻ΪǼħڶ
˶ƭˣǲû뿪ǷƬħУҪȻٶٿ죬ЩǿУҲܹҵǵټֻǹħУܹ赲ЩǿߵĲ鿴ҶСЦЦ
Ҫˡ
ҶСٶȸ˼֣ûֱӴռ䣬ȥЩطһ·ǰУúľ۹硣
Щǿ뿪ֻʣЩǿߡ
ͻȻ䣬ǹħУӰ߳ӰϵϢΪ£·׵ħ
ħħ𡭡
ôܣǲѾ뿪𣿡
ˣˣеķǿ߶ƭˣǸû뿪ֲ˲ʧˣԭˣԭˡ
Ƭռڣܶ񾳸һ˵Ŀ־壬û뵽ЩħȻû뿪·˾ħַΧʲôһĸ߳ȥͲٻˣƨ
ǡҪʲô
һ۷ĸǿ־֮ɫʵ
ʲôԵǡ
ħоɭȻȻɢ˿Ϊ˹Ƭռ֣ħҲһɢе񾳸ֶС
ӣӣһն񡣡һЩ񾳸һߺһܡ
ӣӵ𣿡
ɭȻƬռ𣬻صÿһ񾳸ֶߣ·Ǵһ㡣

һҽںǲҽ˺ѷΣ·ΪǿҵĿ־壬Ҳھ֮޾ʹĥ
ʱ˲ʮ䡣

Щħۼһ»ΪħϵϢ˺ܶ࣬һƬؼ䲻һ񾳸֡
ЩѪǴ֮ﰡǾһĸΪˡħɫ¶̰Ĺâ
ϧˣм©֮㣬ҪȻǵʵһЩħдϧ
񾳵ĸܹǵʵޣϾǶǷǿߣҪǵʵΨնɱЩǿˣĿǰЩǿѾֳ˺ü壬ҪնɱǣǼ˱
ڰУһ޴ĻᣬֻҪպЩᣬʵһֻҪķǿȫնɱǾһܹ׹ռ硣ħ¶һĨȡ
ħҲ¶˳ȣƺһĹﱾһռСռӣԾǵıܡ
ߣɣħԶ˵
ħΪħʧط
ǹħУһǱڣڶħħ뿪ıӰҲ֪ħ𵽵ʲôƻѵǴħҪͻƵǸ粻ɣѾ֪˶ٸ£ӹŵûһͻƵǸ˵еľ磬˵ܹͻƵǸĻֻдħˡ
һ뵽ħ𣬵ڶħо¶һĨ羴أΪСʱ򣬴ħѾΪͨ죬ΪѾ̫̫࣬ÿվڴħǰʱһϸɽӡ
ħԶΡĸɽþһУҲ޷
ħͻƵǸ磬ôƬǿսȫǾһ塣ڶħ˫Ŀԡ
ƽԭĳǳأҶСص˳ûжú󣬻Щǿ߶ѰҶС硣
ȻҶСѾܳʱû뿪һˣȻ乧ޱȣû˿Ĳ֮ġ
ʮֵλҶСȻܹоЩ
ǽ飬һֲ˵ҶСͬʱҲѯҶСԺô졣
ȻҶС綼֪Ȼװһʲô֪ӣ
ڻջ˵Ƭ̺ҶС翪ˣһԲʯϵڷǿһۣڷǿɵСѾγһƽ⣬ҪնɱǿΪѾˡ
ȻЩħĻУôǿСӵĶЩħϣһҪնɱЩħΪһҲǱԼЩħԼնɱ
߷ǿǵĿ궼ħԣڿʼǼԲҪֿͬʱע紫Ϣлͳ֣ûл͵ȴȻܹ


2408 ˼
ǣյ˶ĵ˵ͷ
ǻûʲôʣҶС絭һЦͻȻʵЩɻ
ܷһ𣿰ڣзǿ߶սУһֱںƽԭѵͲԺԼʵˣ𣿡պʵҲеɻ
֪ǰҶСʵǿޱȣ츳ˣ˵ڷǿ߿ʼսʱҶСһ֣նɱǿߣΪҶС粢ûô·Ϊһ㣬Ǻǲ⡣
ǺǣǲҲǿģЩһŹûʱսСҶСЦЦ˵
ȻǼȻЩãҶС˻֣ʾȥ
һʧ綼Ҳһʧ˵ܹǿһߡ
Щһ֣ɱ޹ɣ·һʮûгԷˣͻȻζһ㡣
һ֣ײޱȣܶ߶նɱȻһҲҲ׷ҲһĸսܶһҲС
ЩսҶСע٣УֻҪЩҪ˻žУˣûǸ˼ȥܡ
ǾҲǸıδˣڽҪľǵȴȴԼЩȫܹںϣ˻뵽Ǹ˵еľ硣
۹ѾЩռӵ֮ˣǽĿͶϡ
ֻҪܹɾһƬǿն֮УȽһʲô
ǿ֮Щ˵սСС֣δķչӰ첻˶٣ǿ߲Ϊؼģплĸ֣ǾһеĿʼ
ʧڣܶط˻֮УЩ͵ĳһҹ֮ͱǾһĸɱһɶΪײС
ǺƽԭҲһܶطҲҶСѾˣ϶֣ߡ
֮Ϊ̵ҶСȻ֪ȵһʱȴȲһδ仯Σǣ˵ڽĳʱЩ˵Ľֻҡ
ÿ죬ʧͺڣпµսǹпµͨȵȣܶ߶ܹ
νӢܣڳڵսУһУһķ߻ۼ˺ܶӢ
ƣ֮ҶС硢ǻҪǿʢһ֡
ٴӾһһ󣬾֮ϵǳһѾˣε·Ԥʾһʼ
Դǿ֮дŷǿߵǳ䣬³໥սˣи⣬˸Ͳ֪ʲôնɱˡ
һȻǿ֮սԶԶûǺɫôƵȴ˲٣սĳ漫ΪƴĴģս
ҶСѾ׷Ȩˣƽԭ鶼˻յˣԼźľ۹ĴйͬʱҲЩ
йʮʱҶСع飬ʮʱһģΪΪڶǿ֮һ۾Ȼնɱˡ
նɱ˭ûһ֪
ڼ䣬˻յˣһնɱ˻ۻǿߣǵʵõ˾޴
ǿߵƵ̫ƵˣЩħȴûһ
ڶʮǰ۵ȷǿߴ˹ʶǼΪħ塣
ϧǱЩħˣλħܵ˲̶ͬȵƣǵħͼΪأ¾ƻָˣΪҲ󽵵͡
һսǵڶħ־ǡҲ۵˺ݺݵֱҧ۵Ҳӵڶħĳƶϳ˵ڶħĴʵΨһջˡ
䡪
ڻҶСͻȻо˻Ƿطɿµâ˳â֮󣬾֮ϣǳǳ̶ȴΣǲ
ԭֵˣû뵽ǾȻ˷ǿߵľ磬ŻôãǱ˳ϧʱҶС΢΢һ̾˵
зǿ߳ˣⲻûЩǿ߿գ෴һ˷Ҳʾǿ߿ԳΪǵĿˡ
ûжúҶСͷϢǶϢǸոս˷ǿߵˡ
ǿ߸ոսӽʱһ֣ͨҶСڵͥԺ
û˿ĳɣֱӿ˽ȥҶСԺڡ


2409 ֵ
ҶСͥԺڣͻȻ֣ǰѩ˳ȾǼҶСҲֻԵıȭʾ⡣
϶ɢһֹ°ͬ̾ڴǧĶɽ壬ɸ߷ɵӥ
ǲǸ߸ϵĹ°һı䣬˷·һûгʵǽԼжͶ˽ϣΨнѡ
ʶǲŸһֹ°Įһе̬ȣ˵ʼȫһȻѩŲѩ
ҶСһЩУȻкܶ׿׿֮ˣܹΪǿߵûмˡ
żλڽߵ˼£ߵ·ӲĺȻƫ棬٣죬ǵĽص㡣
ǰν죬쵽ѾƿأһγҲڼԦҲǴû˼ǳԭ
Ϊ·ˣͻƣû뵽ֵܶ˾ͻơ
û뵽ֵܶ˾ȻһͻˣҲãһǿ߶սĻôʵӾˡҶСŹâ˵
ԡѩսȻҶС磬ŲѩҲһ
ǺҶСһսˣԴ˺ҶСΪԽˣҲûкҶСԹϾҶСΪ̫߳ˡ
ǳΪ˷ǿߣĶȻҶСһ·ֻҶСϣǲܹ֪ԼĽ˶١
ڵǻҵĶ֡ҶСҡҡͷ˵
ѩλֵû˵ͬʱִ˽ϣһҪֵӡ
ðɣˣ֡еļ֣ҶСһΣӦ
ҶСӦб콣âпµĽ֡
·ͥԺг֮ռֱˣȴ΢紵ϸĻͻ֣ᷢǸͲǷ磬һͷ˿ҪϸĽâ
ϵϢԽԽ£һҪƬ̴ϵϢߵʱȻʧ
ǿƽޱȣƺûκεΪͨһ㣬еĽͨĳƽ档
ʱǲΣյʱǽȫľѾ۳һɣڣʱȴű
ͻȻ䣬ûκεףƬռг΢΢ĺۼз紵˿һ㣬漴һлָƽ
ˡѩ˵
ǵĽѾΪµĽˣܹܹ֮ΪҵΪǸߴ̫ˣǵΪһҲһܹҶСʵ˵
û˵ʱǲ֪ʱѾγеĳǺһ춯ͬһʱеĳ뽣С
ʱȣǵĽ̫̫࣬ʱѾﵽ֮磬һ˸Ͳ
ղһֳԽһٶȵ̬γеĳȻҶС磬ϧҶСٶȱǻҪ죬ֱӶܶȻԭλ
ǿռеս֮ĺۼһ̳ٶѾԶԶ˿ռ䷴ӦٶȣҲ˵̳ɲǼ䣬Ѿն˳֮й˿ߣЩ˿߱Ͽû۶ϣȵǳ̳ʱű˳
¾ǵΪ࣬ҲܹܶǶ˵Ľѩ˵ȻųȵĽ
˵ҶС綼ЩͷۣƺѾֵܶ˾ȽϵͼȫĶ
ھһĸֽ٣ҪѣвЩħ壬ԶԸǵĽܹǴ˺ҪΪҪնɱͬһˣȻǵȥɣͻһɣ
ҲҲͬˣ鲻ͬӣǵĽܹչ졣ҶС翴˵
΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵ͷȥ
뿪ıӰҶС¶һĨЦ⣬·˺ܶǿǽµӣҲ˴Ӵӡ
ھͽǰɣֻҪȴ㹻ˣǴħ𣬻Ǹ߾ھ֮ϸ֪ʲôı˭ֵĶ󣿡ҶСǻ۵Ĺâ
ڵЩս˵ûʲôôΪѾ̫̫࣬˵Ѿƿء
Ͼ֮ûǳܹ໥ӦʣһĴħҲﵽǸ硣
ҶСڽķǿȫնɱȻߵΪҲûжãܹЩȫնɱΪһϣӣܹﵽһεľ硣
֮Բ֣ǲôħ𣬻о֮Ǹ˿ʵͨȵȣԺսмĺô


2410 
ħңѣһУĹɹ̣ԼҲɡ
ᡢ顢թǾһʵдա
һЩѾᣬҲ˵ѾѰҵ˳ǵ֡
Щһ֣һЩŸڣǵ꣬׵ռ塣
һĶطΪ˸ͿֻЩ˷ŭȽϴ󣬳ֵʱܹжǾһĸ֡
񣬲ݣǸطоһΪǳ˲͵ϮǽƭĳƫƧĵطȻɡ
ΪˣԼΪЩһĸá
ƽԭУҲ˺ܶһĸ֣Щһֵ񶼽ƽԭЩ񾳸֡
ںƽԭЩǿߣֻҪоһĸֳƤӵ£ôһ֣طǻϲܡ
ÿһǿ߶ԼİҪּĸնɱЩ񾳵ǿߣǾһܵĸо
൱һǴˣһСһȥСûһԸ⡣
ƽԭԵشաӡΰżֵˡųǿһ·ǰУͬʱһ߲鿴
ӵƽԭһЩֵϢħͳǳѾϴһˣûһ£ճǡ
Ҫڶʱһ㣬ֻЩħܹҪȻΧǳؾܹĶ
һĸҪˣȻһЩͨ߳֡
ߵһǳſʱշǲطŭ˵ɫܲÿҲһ
ǾһħϢΰ͸ţ˿Ȼ󻺻˵
ΪΪãһʽɣǲŲںʲôģУֻҪܹٵΪʲô鶼ȥӿ˵
ߣȽǿѾĴ̽ˣûзǵټն˵Ȼһͳǳء
˶˽ȥһøֶβ鿴ܷܲЩħټ
ڳǳڵĲ鿴ǵɫԽԽÿˣͳǳڣеĸȫֻʣһ߾ɭɭ׹ǣЩոճûжӤҲûзŹ
Щͷڶʧȥʧȥ˾һ飬·ЩͷѾϰ꣬ǧһ㡣
ǲ̣ҪЩħնɱҪȻɸѡΰᶨ˵
ûвԾĵطͻȻ䣬ų˵
˶ĿͶųͬʱܲ鿴ȥ
ųĻǷǳţųͻյһսսǶоľżֵܣǶ֪ųҶСͽܡ
һСܹ죬Ȼм˵ǿޱȣ˵ȨڻУżֵܡųһӣǺ˵һ·ϼǻǼġ
ûз硣ѩϧֻ˵ֱ͡
ɫһ䣬Ҫ֪ƽԭÿʱÿ̶з磬ǻǴ磬ǱǳӰ죬ܻһķ磬ڣһ綼ûУ·ǳؼΪĿ¡
󷨣ͳǳڲ󷨡ų˵ͬʱŹâҪõ󷨿͸
һж˹ⰲŵˣôܹȷǾһǳأü
ȷʵ󷨣ǺƽԭЩǿ治ӷǿһʼĴսھȻֻһˣϧǾҪȫˡͻȻ䣬һƬؼ
һǳϿճһĻȫǳذֹյ뿪
ϣһӰͳա
ĵۣȻ㡣⡣
ңҲûѡҪһսϧǺƽԭķǿ̫ˣҲûа취նɱǣǿ߳ɳЩСҪʧȥƽˡĵۿһѩŲѩ
ԭǶǳֵɣΪƾһ˻ǵĶ֣󷨴ڡЦһ
ٺ٣ҪԸǣȻ⡣
Ŵĵ۵Ļħǿ֣߳ϵϢǿ
Ϊǽһ£λǵħλǵħ𣬻λλĮĿɮһλǶĸ֣ߵķǿ߻ʵԣأǿߵǣһ׵ģҾͲţնɱǡ
עЩʵһĵЩſ


2411 
ĵۣôҲʱķǿߣѵ㻹һΣû뵽㾹ȻԸʶĺ;һ年һ𡣡ɫѿ˼㡣
Ϊʱĸ֣նǴħĺƽ£ЩħմȾ˾ħ塣
Щħޱǿ˼ѣοЩһĸ֣ǱħҪ¡
⻰Щ̫ˣ֮䣬ǿ߶໥նɱԷȻɣ;һʲôֱ𣬷ΪΪͻƵǸ˵еľ磬˭Ǻ˵أĵ۴Цһ
㡭ѵͲ´ȥˣзǿ㣿ȫ˴㣬ųꣿ
ٺ٣˵ҸͲõģ֪ǿ߸ͲȫǱ˴˶ԼȻڲٷǿ߶һС壬ǶԼߵҲ£п𣿡
ų꣬Ҹõˣѵ㻹ʷʤдֻҪҳ֣һңɱһˣңɱˣҲȻһֻءĵ۵ĻУɱɭɭ
û뵽㾹ȻɥĲֵزյɫǲÿ¶һĨǡ
Էʵǵ˵ʵΪǿ󣬶ǵռơԷЩǿУ϶Ǿսĸ֣أµķǿߡ
¶ԷҪĿȽµķǿߣȻԸˣһսֹ۰
ʵǹҪ˵˻ԲðɣҪ֪λħǷǳ̵ģǽϣȻǵļ⣬ǵࡢ꣬ǿԼһʱһܲܡĵ۲һЦ
뵽Ҫ롣մŭ
ĵɫһ䣬ޱȣ˫ִâЩâȫûǳڡ
ħ󣬿
Ŵĵ۵ǳڵĵϣһɫ·֣ǽɫ·нɫâת·ǻһ㡣
䡪
ɫâ𣬽ǳȫûһɿµɱɱÿ˵ͷ
úһɣⲻһ㿪θСˣǶһʱ䡣ĵ۵ǳĴС
ǱɣȻǵȻڹǡһӾͲ³˶Է˼
ʱУǽɫâ۳˾ŵɫӰЩɫӰзǿߵʵֻΪܵĹ·Ҫе
̻ơ
ЩɫӰ˹սһֻӶƬؼ䣬·гǧֻһ㣬Щȫ黯̻Ű
䡪
˲䣬ɫӰͱɢߵӰȫΰ˹Ϸˣѩֵܺųûг֡
ǾŵӰʧʱ˶һǻûеǽһȫ³ǾŵɫӰγɣӰϵϢ֮ǰӰϵϢǿ˺ܶࡣ
һĻųĿ΢΢һЩɫӰܹǹȥÿնɱһΣǵʵһΣҪȫնɱƵ󡣡
ʲôȻ󷨣˴󾪣һɫ
㶮𣿡սĿͶųЩڴ
ųǵ˵ͷȻҡҡͷԶһ㣬Ǻܾͨ󷨲ǺܸӣҪƵ󷨣Ҫʱ䡣
ã㾡ΪסЩɫӰռᶨ˵˵꣬΢΢һ̾ϵܵУ֪ˣ˴һЩ
˵ЩûãǻΪųϲסЩɫӰɣΰ˵
˶˵ͷ
ʱ䣬˶ЩɫӰųߣнɫɣÿһȦȦܵ
֮⣬ħ𡢵ħ𡢴ĵۣλǿ߷·ǹһ㣬ڵ龰ϴŵЦ⡣
ĵۣ󷨿סǰɣħ𿪿˵
ȻסҲûָܹסǣںúϤһǵĹʽɣȵսǾռƣϵ貢ǺܸߣǺƽԭλĻ²óܹǼԶĵۻ˵
ɣû˵ôţ󷨶ѣǹһ֣ħ۾һܲŵӡ
ߣûм󷨣ǲţȻȥҺƽԭλһԣڻĵش
Ѿǧṳ̂һˣȻǶ֪ûһ˸ȥɱʵͺǿôȥˣ˭Ҳ֪ʵʲô磬λҪ֪ԡĵЦЦ¶һĨթ


2412 1
ߣԾԣҾͲţһǧˣΪжߣƬǿ֮£ֻǾһĴħ𡣡ħ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ĸ磬ǲҪɣķǿ߶˰꣬ȴûȥնɱǸƽԭ˵п϶ʲô⣬ǧҪ⡣ħѵ
壬ģһûµġħ˵
Сĵãôȥˣûһ֪ʵϵˮƽҵ֪ƽԭһٶǳأһܹƽԭ֣һжֱʡĵװһĵ˵
ߣҾͲˣ󷨶ѣԶֻСҾͲжܻȥġħһ
ħĻĵ¶ıóѵЦݡ
ħӣħ΢΢̾һȻĿһ۴ĵۣħԸ֪ģԸˣ֣ûʲôĻϵ
ħᵱϣȴᣬ׼˽úȰ˵һħ𣬾ȰˣҲҪȫ㣬ȥλ
ʱħڣų˻ںЩɫӰһ𣬵һնЩӰûնЩӰǲϵغЩӰս
ѩŲѩֵʼûаνһνҪ
ҵˣнɫ·һ㣬ֻҪٵ·󷨾ܹһȱˣȻܽ󷨻ٵȴ㹻뿪ˡͻȻųԶԭ
ΰбų˾⣬һĨϲʱЩɫӰųڵķƶȥٶȼ죬ЩɫӰٶȱ˵Ȼ˿
ţֵܶ˲סЩɫӰƵ󷨡տżֵܶ˵
˵˵ͷͬԸЩӰų׼Ƴһ·㣬һƻ󷨾ͲˣٽƳ˵򵥺ܶࡣ
ĵɫ˵Сĵ㣬½ķǿ߲ǾҪƿˣʱ׼֡
˶˵ͷ
û뵽ոճΪǿߵˣȻܹǾŵɫӰȻǲûǻۣҲһĸܹԿħҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
䡪
ʱһ޴󷨶ˣܵǳصһƬطѾ¶˻ǵҰС
ʱЩɫӰɢϢһ˺ܶ࣬ӷǿߵϢ䵽۷Ϣ
һƣȫơ˵
ʱٴϳ֣ĵǿĹâͬʱеͬһϡ
ǡ
·ʲôѵ˲䣬󷨾ʧˣǳصϵЩ·ȫ
֡
ʱ򣬴ĵ۵Ƭռ춯ǲûиյϢƬ̵Ļᡣ
һſ¹âķǿ˹
ĵ˻գħսųӶսħʣµУΰսǿߣֵܶսǿߡ
ٽ½ķǿնɱȻնɱˣεնɱƻһΪġĵ˷ܵĹâ
ԼѾ˻һ˵㣬ֽոճΪǿߵ˸ɵһǾͶ֣ǿߺǿ߹ͬսΰٽΰ
һǾܹһȫնɱˣһָͻƵĲԣҲıǻһ֪Ҳûʲô취ֹ
ýա
һǿ˫ֽӡȻ˫ֵķֿһεɢѩС
־ɵ򳡣Ҳǻþͺúܰɣ
ǿ¶һĨЦԵţΪѩһ½ķǿ߾ƲĻþ
һߵһǿ߾ּ䣬磬ʱ羪İʱժ£Ϊ¡
ʯ콵
ǿǿߴһϿֲĹâ˳ռ򲻶ϱ䶯£֮ϣһſޱȾ޴ʯγɣЩʯǹɵġ
ǿߵĿƣЩʯ׷׽䣬һſ̺ſֲ·һɽٶ£ƺҪŲѩѹ׵ѹĩ
ʱȺ
ϻꡣ
ն¡
û˿ףѩսǿ߷·һʧȥһ㣬˫ĿͣһɶûУ۳ɵĻþȻ顣


2413 2
Ųѩսǿһ¶˺Ȼ֮ɫָָ̧Ųѩ㡭ϻ
Ļո˵֮۳ʯʧˣһ£ը˿ɢ漴һεӿǿڵ͹򶼾£˹۳һţȻŲѩڡ
һǿѾѩնֱֻ꣬ʣһ߿տǣһε£һʧȥ彥ڻΪޱȾ͹Ҳӿѩڡ
żֵܶնɱǿߵЩ͹ٶȼ죬˶ûзӦ
Ķһɴ۾
ƽԭǼλǿУֻų˽ǵʵ˸Ͳ˽⣬һһͬʱҲһĵ׻Щҡ
ûпǵʵȻôǿ󡣡յ
еĿѾߵ˼£һޱǿĶ֡˫Ŀһ˵
ƽԭ˵ɫͬĵۼ˵ɫѿ쳣Ϊεսʮþȵ飬û뵽ȻȱʣŸոճΪǿߵ˾ȻսǸ߳ĽǶоս
ĵۣ˵ˣħɫ˵Ŀлһ˿ķŭ
Ѿʹĵۺ˺üΣΪǴĵۺͺƽԭǡ
Ҳû뵽ǾȻʵǵ鱨ûãεսʤ˵ˣڲеĻֻзˡĵɫֵµĹΪǿˣƺҪеŭйȥ
ϧյʵܲ˵ʵ൱ûа취ա
ĵһ˻ռƣ˹Ϊ˻յռơ
һ̼䣬ޱȵĵħеħɫѿ
ħΪǿ󣬰˭ԼȻųĶ֣һָоǾųûоȫ
սĵħ𣬵ͦǿʵ࣬൱
նɱǿߺżֵܶ˽ֱӱ˺ΰսǿߡ
ֵܶ˺ýֻнģǲûͷԵˣǻ۳Ⱥƽûбֳˡ
֪콫ǿնɱôʤͻȫǡ
ζҪ֧ȥżֵܶ˵Ķĵ۴һнѡ
λǿ߱Ϊܹܿ콫ΰ£û뵽ǵֹУΰ࣬Ʋѣڸ֣ⲻ˶
żֵܵļ룬ǿ߸ܵ˾޴ѹ·磬ǵĸǻҲˡ
ĵۣ֧Ų˶ˣһǵʵǿ󡣡һǿ߲ĺ
ͻսĴĵŤͷȥȻǿѾ׶·磬ò˶೤ʱ䣬ҪնɱˣһǿҪ뿪ЩѶˣ˵һǲ뿪ġ
뵽ĵɫϣǾʹ˰Σ
ڰ֣㿪ʲô׼Цһʼ׼նɱǵʱôû֣ڿԼ·Ű֣㲻̫Ц𣿡Цһ˵
һʵռƣ˵Ӳ˺ܶࡣ
ѵǻ뽫ȫɣĵɫΪѿ
ȻˣǶҪȫ£ǾΪβôأ˵
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ߣӾӣˣģ⼸ǿһᱻնɱĵ۶Եħ͵ħ
ѵģŮʵ̫ǿˣҸӲѡħǻлЩ
⻰ĵЦһӣƽԭһǿ߶򲻹ȥսҶ
Ȼ⻰ĵû˵
ǾһȻѣڲϽӹȵǿ߱նɱҪѸˡĵۼ
ħ͵ħ𶼳ĬҲ֪ĵ˵ʵɫΪѿҲϱ任Ÿν¡


2414 Դ
ƺħ͵ħ˼ĵ¶һĨĹâ룺Ȼǲ뿪ôҾ뿪ˣҪǵȵ߳նɱǿߺҪ뿪ˡ
Ĺ졣
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һգεҴĵۼסˣһ죬һὫȫɱǸǧṳ̂ƽԭһͷ
ĵ۵ƬؼԶȥ붼֪ĵ۳ˡ
ȻƬռָʱѾҲĵ۵ټˣյɫܲÿĵ۾Ȼˣһַǳʧܵĸо
ĵͻȻȥħ͵ħɫͬʱһ䣬쵰Ȼ뿪
λħ໥һۣͬһʱ̣һھޱȵħħգ赲סߵʶҲ赲סǵҰ
ߣϽ뿪
ᣬħһ˶ɢ뵽˺УħҲһǷ·ȫͺΪһ壬˸ͷֱ治ʲôط
λħľٶʣµλǿ߽ǱͲֵܺΰĶ֣ڿ˶뿪ˣȻҲЩҡ
ƴˣһҪ뿪ҪȻԻᱻնɱǿĹͬ뷨
ǵĹǰٷ֮ٵķ˳Ͳں᲻ʲôˣڻʲôȻҪأ
ͻȻ䣬Ųѩֹͣ˹ǿȫøΰ˫Ŀбųµķâ
һɡ
ĸָոմдǺһİν漴ʧȥŲѩӰ
һ̼䣬Ųѩ·ǴӾ֮Ͻµɣѩ˳Ⱦֻеĳһ̳Ķ
һƣչֵ˼£·ƮƮȥˡ

ӰҵĽ漴ʧˣ˭ܹоǽǾһħ𴫵ݳġ
ŲѩĽ̫ˣ˶ûзӦǵħ͵ħûжܹȥ
ħΣӸ˹Զʵ
ˣҲˡŲѩ˵һ䣬һ죬һžޱȵŹġ
һĻ˫Ŀ΢΢һҪʲô
ǴһˡŲѩ˵һ䣬һϸСĽɢ͹ӡ
ʵ㲻÷ֵģԼáһŲѩ
Ųѩһýһŷӡһ仰û˵
ŲѩӣѾ֪Ųѩע⣬ⶫҪֳȥˡ
䡪
ʱ֮ϣǳ䣬ʧգʣµǿ߱ΰѩ͸Ϲȥæųնɱˡ
ǿߵ䣬ؼһ춯һɱ֮Ұǵһзǿ߱նɱĻǻо𾪡
ǿĴ̫ƵˣѾֲˡ
նɱǿߣŵԴǾƽ˰ɣտ˵
αҪһ¹ںƽԭüͳǳرɱϢû뵽˴ĵ۵ķһ˷Ϊʤնɱǿջķᡣ
ԴǷǿ󣬾͹Ľ壬һ͵ĳƺ
յĻ˶ûʲôƬ̺Ǳ㽫ŵԴƽˡ
˽Դյں󣬱ֱϵϢϵǡһһǿ
ƽԭͶͨһƬУĵɫѿ֮
ˣû뵽κò׾ۼĸ־ôնɱˣ֪Ҿͽǿնɱˣӻܹҵʵĵź˵
ҲˡԶĿռ
Ƭ̺бųĹâͬʱͷųԼϢ
ݡ
һʱ䣬Ӱͳ˴ĵڵƬռ䡣
Ӱǵħ͵ħ
˵ˣϢˡ
ĵ۵һ˲䣬ħ͵ħɫ˫Ŀ˼ɱ⡣
ĵۣû뵽㾹ȻˣΣյ£Ȼ뿪ħ۾ʵ
Ҳûа취һʼ뿪ģȴߣѾʮΣˣԷǿնɱڳ֣һ˶Ӳˣûа취ֻ뿪ˣֻ֪Ҫ뿪ǱȻ뿪ô˵Ƕţͺáĵε˵лһĨίƺ˲֮ԩһ


2415 
ô˵㻹ˣǳǵĲԣħǳŭ˵ħӿһҪֵӡ
Ȼǣ¹׶ҵĴûԤϵ½ֵʵһǿ߶նɱǵʵԺҪԸǶЩˣοƽԭһλǧ겻ֵĵ۸̾һɫתˡ
ħһӶԴĵ˾֮ģѾӴĵ۵ƽ˵жϳĵһδĿĲֶεˡ
ߣǸжǿҶҪȥҲУСħ¶һĨɭȻ˿ûпĵеһĨ⡣
ĵۣΣһϾһʼ˵һʧġʱħ嶢Ŵĵ˵
ħĻĵɫ΢΢һ䣬йâ֪ʲô
ǣҲˣղǼ»ûнأħ۶Ŵĵۡ
ʱĵ۶Եħ޵ֱҧǵħ£ħԲǣڿɺˣòóһЩˡ
ðɣһòرĶϣǲҪ˵ˡĵװһʹ˵
ϣгһɫţһȻӡţȻ˸ܵ˺ޱȵЩЩأ֮ǳǻԲࡣ
⡭ʲôħɴ۾ʵȻ֪ʲôȻܹоⶫĲ֮
һԵĵħɫţһӼ۾벻ˣƺΪһ㡣
ʲôڱ𣿡ħǲ˵ͬʱﻹЩڴ
ûв´ĻӦУЩ޴ǳľڵҪ˿ûʣл̺ǳ任ĹȵȣպΪԻħ˼Լƽڡ
ʲôȻĶĵۣ̫ˡħ˴֣¶һĨ˷ܵĹâ
һ򲻻ѵģεΪҵĹλûΪһ͵ǶλĲɣĵЦ˵
ħûбõľ޴󲹳ͷԣĿͶ˴ĵۣԸ⽫ǣ
һԵĴĵۻûʲôʾħͽµ壬ʲôʣղŴĵѾ˵ˡ
ĵ۵˵ͷȻݸ˵ħ
壬Űɣȵȥƽ֣ٺ١ħӵħùȻϸƸͣ
ף֣Укܶ·ͻȻħ¶֮ɫ
ĵɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼָ˹ŶǿպܹΪһ¥ҾͲλΪˣһ
ȥȥɣħ˻֣˿⣬ʱֻˡ
ĵ۶ЦЦת뿪¶һĨ΢΢ʧһĨ䡣
ħŴĵ뿪ıӰһ˵ĸоƺܲԾһ㣬ȴ˵
ЩԾЩ·ع򣬺ĳַġʱħ˹
ħɫ䣬Ͻ˵ӵӵ
ħ΢΢һ㶲֪ô£㶵ʱ򣬴ĵƬռ𣬡Ѿˣ
¡
ͻȻ䣬ħž̺ǿűը˿ɫâΧĿռȫ̮ƻ
ħ͵ħҽһǴʵ֮ɲǼķѣԵħΪңϾû˿ľ֮ģħȴ˷
ӡ
ʱһö޴ɫӡѹ£ɢبŵϢƾõĹӣ

һҵٴδǵħѾϢ٣Ҫӡ
ĵۣĲ㣬㾹ȻҰҡ
ħŭ΢ƬռѾҪɢɫУǼõƬ۵ơ
ĵüȻ
ѹ
һӡǷӡɢźƺƵɫһռѣħϢѾʧˡ
Զһź֣۳һӰһӰȻǵħ
ֲãֲãһʼҾ;ЩԾԭͲΪ˵ȴǣΪնɱǡħʮ
ȻǣҪȻһǣ˵ֻҪնɱǿ߾ˣûνѺ͵ˣҵĶôõġĵ۵


2416 עҶС
޾ЩɢƬռָһžޱȵĵԴ۶ɣһŵԴڵħġ
Դγɺ󣬱Զ˴ĵۣҪĵʱĵɫɢ㽫֮ӡ
˿еԴȻĿͶԶĵħ
ϧˣԭ׼նɱģħ˵Ҹϣһǻ۳ȺҲϲǵħͷԼ򵥵˺һ㡣
ȻϲϲĸˣĸͷԼ򵥣ױƭߣĵۣǾһסˣĸߵĳһᱨġħ˵ΪһʧƬռ䡣
ħ뿪󣬴ĵ΢΢üû뵽Ǳˣ¿϶ҪȥģԺǿߺвСӰ죬ϵĴĵ۲ֹһ
˵ţ¶˳аЦݡ
εħ䣬󣬴ʱܶ߶
ǿѾƽˣһ֮ڣǿߣ̫Ƶˣ·ǿߺһ㣬ƽƵá
ܶ˶˾֮ģͬʱԳΪǿһĨ־
ǹħУһɫĳǱڣħγ֣һƾޱȵħڣ޸ơ
ûһһӰǱڣƺѾʵ壬Ѫ֮ûʲôֱ
˵ĵħɫƽһŵŹϻƵĺɫϣĵȴš
Լһʱʱ󣬵ħ˫Ŀͬʱ³һ·ǲǱڳˣ˹ȥһӰʱĽ硣
أڶħʵ
ħǳ˳飬ͳޱȣѾˣǱĵ۰ˣǹûвĵ۵ı
ħм
һֵģֱ̫ˣͲʲôıƣǽѧᣬ˵ĻǸı䲻˵Ļ綼䣬һʼһţҲòˡڶħ΢΢һ̾˵
ĸͦõģҪȻĸΪҲô졣ħ𻺻˵
ǰΪܹô죬ΪȫûĻҲһ㣬ſϧˣ˵˵ľɣڶħʵ
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󣬵ڶħϸ˼ƺʲôһ㡣
ĵҲһ֮Ļ˲עⶼˣΪǼϼһĸֲֵǹעģû뵽ֶһƽԭڶħ·Ƕŵħ˵
Ҷһ÷۳ƺŵˣˣôķǿĸԸĻ˲ǿʵŹ˵ڿƽԭѾӵλǿˣ⻹ֻǱ棬ûзǿߣ˭Ҳ֪˵ƽԭǵĴС
磬˵ǸҶѾǧṳ̂ƽԭһˣ治֪ҪʲôѵԼʵţҪȻΪûм뵽ǿߵսСħǲ˵
ԭ޷ֻ֪Լ֪̽һ£ڲںƽԭģڵĻٲҪȥݻһ¡ڶħž⣬һĨڴ
õģ硣ħ˵ͷ
˵ħһۣڶħӰʧ·һɢ
ħУһ޴ĺɫǱڣڶħӰ֣룬ȻĿͶһɫƽϡ
ħӿ˫Уһħӿȫɫƽڣħӿ룬ɫϵĻƾȻһ㣬ʼתؾȻγһһģ壬Ũĺ赲·𲻹ʲô̲һ㡣
ʲô飿Ҳ˵ûʲôҪͲҪ𣿡ģдһͳɣ
ڶħ΢΢һȻ󿪿˵磬磬Ƿһ飬ҾбҪ
ʲô£ǵٴδݶ·Ǵ˷һ㣬һּΪֵĸо
Ѿˣһ˺ءڶħ𽫵ħѾղŵħ飬ȫ˵˳ȥ
˼˼Ȼǧ겻̤ȥһѵҲˣѾ֪ˣҲįֻǲ֪ʲôѡ񣬺ٺ٣йעĶ򡣡
磬Ѿȥ鿴ˣȿڲںƽԭڶħ˵
ĲҲʱ翴ˡһͳԽԽģ漴ʧɫѾָԭ


2417 ڶħ
ʱһЩϵҶСͲ֪һĴħѾע⵽ˡ
Ȼ¾ҶС֪ˣҲںĿֻҪɾûܹκ
ֱҶС绹ʮߵûںϣʵ˺ܶ࣬ЩĺôǾǸ򣬶ĸЩΪҪġ
Լȥգôֻ࣬һգԶԶˡ
ֻҪʮߵ⳹ںϣôĸͻһܴĲΣͻ롣
ôܸоȱһʲôֻҪЩںʮߵ󣬾ܳ׵ĽˡҶС
ѾƬǿ֮ǶƬǿյķҲǶķ
ҶСľǲնǲҲܹɾ
ʮߵܹ׵ѣȻںϣΪ
ڵΪѾܹǰ벽УƬǿգںǿߣҲûʲô취
ֻжԷΪŻὫɱ
ף˼ȻܹӹôߵĲ鿴ߵҸǰǲװҶС¶һĨ
ûжúһ洫°ݼҪ档
ɣҶСɫƽ˵һ䣬һӣһֱ֣ͨͨ棬Ƭ̺һ۷ĸִͨǰ
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ʲô飿ҶС¶һĨϷŰЦݡ
ҡ׼˵ţɫޱȵ۷΢΢һ漴ɫܳصʣѾˣ
㶼ĻΪƽԭ𣿡ҶС絭һЦ˵
ȻҲͲˡ۷˵һ䣬ħһ˲ɱͷҲʧΪһѷ۳
һȫԷˡ
һҶС綼ûֹĿŶԷڻȴŶԷЩȫա
ڿ˵˰ɣк£ҶСƽʵ
ûʲô£ǿ㵽ڲںƽԭһһĸǶɫһĨ⡣
ףԭ㲢㣬ҵҪλħ𡣡ҶС˵ɢһĨεϢ㽫һĸֽˡ
һĸ̫ƽˣ·ԵĲһǿһ㣬ԼɢˣԷܹƽˮվǰѾ˵һЩ
ҶС̧ǿǶɫӣǶɫƺ̺һһ㣬ĿһӾʹ̴У˹ħƯŵһǱ
뽥ҲһǱеĵڶħ
ʱħһǱڣڶħһѺɫϣĿ֪ʲôͻȻ䣬˫Ŀ˫ĿһĨɫâ
һ˲䣬ǰĿռ΢΢Щħ·ʲôµһ㣬ݶȥ
һԾ޴֣Ķŵڶħ
ڶħԭ㣬֪к£һ쳹ǱУǱݺһ
һҶС
ͨһ۷һ۱㿴۷ֺ͵ڶħ֮ϵͨ
ڶħһǿһЦ˵ںƽԭǧṳ̂һ
ߣڿ˰ɣԺñֶΣҲ⽫Ǿһȫն𡣡ҶСһǶӱʧˡ
ҶСǶʧڶħǽʵ֮һҪס
ǿƣǿΪһĿҵ飬Ϊڵ׵ʲô磿ڶħµ˵
ȻһֱҶС绹ͦӵģǲΪҶСΪֻܹΪҶСأϾҶСʱɵķǿߣûвμӷǿߵĴս츳ףҲо޴ͻơ
ǣҶСһӣ׵Ĵ֪ҶСΪﲻǱǿĶࡣ
ֲûм뵽ǿߵսУԭΪѾֵز治֪ôġڶħ૵
ʱг֣ΪǴħ𲻳֣ҲᱻǾһռܶ࣬ڿ˰һǿĸ֣ƽԭһҶС磬ǿˣľ
ռҪӳˣ֪Ϊһֱ֣дħҲһѵʲôͼıɣڶħ


2418 ۺ
ʵȷʵǿ󣬾жǿҲ޷²û뵽һ󱲾ȻܹɳֵزͻȻ䣬һڵڶħ
ڶħ΢΢һһ˲ͻָ˹תȥ
ֻһӰվһӰʶλã˿УȴɢſµϢ
硣ڶħ𹧾Ľ
ûһӰǴħ𣬼Ĵħ𣬿ҪǿҶСôߵΪҲ֡
ΪҵһУŴʱɳȻʵӦвٵܣҪȻ׿ԽˣҲһ硣ħƽ˵
磬ȥһЩʲôܡڶħɫ˵
¸Ͳ鿴ʲôϾǧ궼ṳ̂ƽԭһԣĻӦú綼ˣǲһ°ɣСе鶼鿴ħ˵
ã硣ڶħ˵ͷ
ʱħӰѾʧˡ
ҶС¶ΪѾ˾һ𾪺ӣҲòӣҪ磬鳹׵ĵͱҪҶСһء
ȻǾһĸֶ磬޼ɵЩߵһҶС綼ûг֡
ǲԺͲˡ
˭Ҳ֪ҶСǧΪʲôʲôͼıˣǶҶСҪλϡ
ǴҲ²ҶСǧڲΪ˶ںһʶĲ鿴ҲΪ˽ľ۷塣
ȻѾƬǿյƣƬǿ֮ĹϾǱģҶСԼĶ
ֻЩܹ֮ǿĵ伮ҪΪʺԼĹ
һֱ˷ǿߵľ磬ҶСһãȻ֪·ôߣȻɾҲδ·
£Ϊںĸ򣬶֮һǿĹľ
һҲԽһƬǿյƣܹͻƵĹ
û뵽ҶС羹Ȼ辶Ӥֻ׳ɳһµ壬ȻںϣĽԼߵʱ䡣
³ҶС⣬ûܹõһ㡣
ƽԭҶСջĿһɲǣ۷ľһֳ׵ɢ·һɢƬռ䡣
Ѿ˾һһЩѹλħһְɣλħĿҲͻغ֮ǰһʶɣ
ںܶǿߵΪˣҲӦøӦƬǿյļڹ֮ϵֻǲ֪ûиоںϺĴڡҶС
ʱһϢʧ紫˿ǹڴĵ۵ģ˵ĵ۳ѣͺƽԭһǿߣԳնɱԼѡ
´ݳ󣬴ĵվ˳˵Լû£һֱ۵һ𣬲ҷ˵ȻʹðԼˣΪȴ֧֡
˭Щǿߺ;һ年һ年߾ӦնɱʲôֶΡ
֪ʱ𣬵͵Ĵĵ۱ſô飬ܹҵΪĶҽԼߣһΪȫӣûнԼ˵ľ
ڴĵۣеķǿ߶˷Ȼĵ۵Ŀڲźܺãҽ£ǲûеִ
۵С֮ԻʹĵۺΪĵʵǿҪôһ֣һĵ뿪СͻúʵС
Դˣֻĵۣϻýܴĵǵһ֡
ƽԭУһȫںеĸһǳеĴţɢһɹɵһѪ֮
ֵϵߣֻҪһ־ͻϽóһ·µס˶Էȥ·ǵĿг˾⣬һĨ𾴡
˭ϵɷôôǿ󣬲֪еĸж١һλΪڵ߶ȫںеĸ˵
ɣ֪һ߾ȵʡ
𣿡
ӦǸմģƽԭ˭֪ۺ۴˵Ĵһֱںƽԭߣһ·ֻҪһĸ֣ܶԷصĶۺ۴˷֣Ȼնɱڶ֪жپһĸۺ۴˵С¶˹
ǰǺƽԭܶǳضۺ۴ȥǵĳǳأûоһĸ֡


2419 ǿ
ھһֽʧ˾޴ĻңҲߵ䡣
ֻҵʱУһ£Ƕһĸ֣ۺΪȻںƽԭΪ
ۺĿ񣬾赲Щ֮ڵľһҲӲۺ۵Ĳ鿴
ÿһǳأкܶЩɲǱһռˣǶۺ۵Уûһһѡ
Ҳ֮һ
ϣۺ۵ĵ漣İ˵ĿⶼͶۺϡ
ͻȻ䣬ۺ۽ŲһͣߵĶ΢΢һ٣ܶ¶һĨ֮ɫһĿܵ
Ƕ֪ۺ۽Ųͣ£Ҳζŷ˾һĸ֡
ۺ΢΢Ťͷһ˫ɺɫӶȺһũ֮ˡ
㡭ô۹⿴ңһЩƷ׼ؼҡũ֮ǿһЦ˵
㲻ǽũˣûʲôаܹӹҵ۾صĺܺãϵѪζȴ¶ĴڣܹĸԸɽƧһӵߣ£ѪζΪŨ˵еĸֲۺ˵
Ҫˣɣ
ũĸɫϱ任󣬻Ǿ¶ɢ˹ɹɺһ·ڵģصôãȻܹҡ
ߣصٺãҲ¶˿ȻɹĲڣǴӴ˺͸ıˣһЩϸ΢ܹ֮жϳȻܹжϳǾһĸ֣ΪڷЩϸ΢֮ҪܹоǾһϵаۺĿѪɫâ
ۺ۰
ǣȻܹһ۾ͿЩľһֵαװ
Ĥ
ֶܺܶ۷׷ס
˵ۺʵǿҾͲжǿߡ
ũ˵һӿήˣֱӻΪһŷۻңһһĸ¶ɢűаϢһϢúܶӲ·ǵľź
۷壬Ȼ۷ľһֲ֣صôãԭˡ
صٺʲôãǱۺ۾˳
ɱ
ʱһֻΪһɫ⣬ۺ۳̬ƺҪռۺ۵һ㡣
ߣ϶ѣҲҲ񡣡
ۺбųһĨѪ⣬ɢޱѪϢľ
һµѪɫâбһεĻȣٶȼ죬Ѿ˹ļޡ

һĲҽһֿдһźֱӱи룬ۺ۵Ĺз·ǿޱȵĸʴԡ
ʳľһ·ڻһ㣬Ȼת˾ޱȵѪ⡣
һĻΧ߳Ծѡ
Ҫ֪һĸֵǽʵ֮䣬û뵽ۺ۵ȻֹܹЧԷʵһ㣬ںϸʴ
תۼ䣬һĸ־ͱΪһѪɫš
ۺſһѪɫžͽУգϵϢһЩ
Ȼ˵ۺ۵Ĺʮ⣬һȻˡ
ƺаӡ
ߣûмʶǶʲôа񣿲ʲôûʲôȻа֣֮а֮ںһģһһħ
Щ߶аѾԼжϣǲԭΪħ˾Ǵ񣬶ʮ㹦˾Ǵơ
ߣ뿪ҪȻͳˡ
뿪û뵽ۺ۹ȻȻܹ͸ǣߡ
ۺ¶۵һʱ䣬︽ЩһĸֶˣǸϽ뿪±ۺնɱ
ߣȻǺƽԭô׼ɣۺ۴һһɹѪɫâɢ·һ˿һ㣬Щ׼뿪ȫ̴ûһ롣
ۡ
һըѣһĸ¶˳Ȼ󱻸ʴڻΪһѪɫâۺ۸ա
ƴˣ
һΪѾ񾳺ڵĸִһһʱ˿ɢ˿µ˻ΪһźѸ
·Ѿһޱȿµĵطһ㡣
ûǸһĸܹѡ
ۺ۸˵һ죬һֻ޴ѪɫγɣһץռѣȥľһҲƬ


2420 ٴμ
ۺ۸ֵĹϳ£︽ûһһĸѣһʱ䣬Χ˶Ͷ˾Ŀ⡣
ȻҲЩ˵ۺ۹ڲ̣аһǿۺ˰ɣ
ۺ۸һ·Żнȥ;һ·ϣһֱնɱֻҪн·ϵĳǳڣһһĸֶûС
ͷѾ˾һֵĿֻţǿԽߵأ֪Ӳۺ۸ֵĲ鿴
ۺۣһĸʮʹޣǺ;ۼʮ۷նɱۺۣϧЩһĸֶۺնɱˣӴ˺󣬾һĸּԶԶ㿪
һգۺѾ˻ģܶһ·棬Ŷۺ۵𾴺ͳݣȻҲкܶڲ²ۺĵĿġ
ߵĹע£ۺ˻ĳǰͣ
ʱ˲һȻԭۺǰݼ˵ġ
ɣһڳſڻص漴һ֣ͨͨɹ۶ɣһ
ۺû˵һ仰һ߽ͨʧӰ١
ȻۺʧˣȻӿǳС
ÿ˶кģҲ⣬Ƕ֪ۺۼҶΪʲô飬һĬĬĵȴţڳǰǻ
ǳſ׵۷ߣ¶˴ȥȥҶС硣
ҶСڵԺڣۺ۳֣ҶСĿдһĨӡ
־ǿþòˣû뵽㾹ȻͻƵ˷ǿߵľ磬ӱżֵͻƵĻҪ磬û뵽㾹һۺ۵šҶСЦЦ˵
ûλΪۺ۵Ǻ־ǿҶСҲû뵽ôȥˣͷһʱЩֶûͻƵǿߵľ磬־ǿȴѾͻˡ
˵뷨Ҳںֻ뷨飬һѲƷնɱǿҵΪ־ǿƽ˵
ôѾᶨޱˣҶСҲ֪Ǻ޻𾴡
ʵҲϣͻƣúУһ˶ҪͻƵǿߵľ磬һвǸƭ֡ҶС΢΢̾һ˵
֪ʲôǲǲ棿־ǿҶСʵ
⻰ҶС¶һĨ֮ɫû뵽ҲˣȷʵйأĽһûȫ³˶ΪͻƵǸ簡
ʲôܣҶһֱȥҵ뷨ҵ˼·һ䣬Ҽλĵˣȴ̸֪ʲô־ǿҶС˵
λĵʵ̫˼ˣǺǣܻడҲ뵥ɣҶСʡ
ȻǣֻǾбҪһ䣬ҿɲںδս֮ǰͱ˿ˡ־ǿˡ
㻹źһս
ȻϾɱҸף֮ǰĴϣģһ̣ǲһսģҲΪ˿ʵҸо֮ǰӿˣԶԶĶ֣ǲġ־ǿ¶һĨִ֣һЩã
ҶС缫Ϊͷ￴ҶС磬ҶСʧܺ󣬱㸶˼Ĵۣһֻʣһ
ʱҶС缫ΪʹޣʹҶСһУôʹ࣬ʱĽţͼαδ֮󣬷·ǳѾ
Ȼڿ˵ҶСһսΪױ𣬵ǾǲǣԼ֪˵ⲻһڣһԼãȥĽڡ
ҵ㣬ΪҪŬҪΪ˵ʳҶСƽ˵
ģҲᣬʲôıҶһ·ȥҵˣһĴۡ־ǿ¶һĨɺɫâ
ҶСֻǵһЦû˵ʲôһͨԶ֣ͨ˳֮⡣
־ǿĿһҶС磬һ˽ȥʧ
û뵽ĵ۾Ȼ棬Ǻ־ǿ֣ҲǺȷ֮ϰô˵ĵۺпܶģһǷҲп˫̥רһҶСŹâ
ԴӰǰʼ͵Ĵĵ۾͸ߵ·Ǳһһ㣬ΪĹʩչͨ˶ΪĵǼٵģðƻ
ĵۺ󣬺ܶǿ߶Դĵ۾;Ȼնɱĵۣĵʮֽƻ˸ûлᡣ
ȵ˷ǿߴսʼ˸С壬û˻ᡣ
еķǿУƺֻдĵһ˻ķˮЩһֺܹĸо


2421 ľ۹
֪ʲôı˵Ҫʲôѵ׼зǿնɱɣԾԵֻ֮Ľܹ
ҶС顣
־ǿȷʵһõϢϢ˵˴ĵԼĿģȴ֪ЩĿʲô
ͻȻ䣬ҶС¶һĨЦݣҡҡͷЩʲôϵֻҪˣֻҪܹһıƶᱩ¶ھԵʵǰκı顣
ԴӺ־ǿ뿪󣬱ںƽԭܶһĸֶնɱƽԭڣһĸֶ˺ܶࡣ
ĸֲ¼Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ǻǰһţøʲôʲôЩǿҲһ˴˼ƣʱֺ
һпгìܣⶼĽ
Դϴκʹĵһǿûзӡǿˣ·Ƕ˵ͬʱĿͶ˶Щħ
궼ȻʱʱȻܹоǿսȴûзǿ䣬·еСѾﵽһƽ⣬ʵ޼
Ǽλħ𣬷·ʧһ㣬ǻص˶ŨħУҲڰ
Ȼǿ֮µ߱ɺֻܹôһΪСҲ⡣
ʲôȻںɱߣһ죬ڳһԺڣҶСӵԺ紫ݶϢ
һϢҶС𾪶ŭ
һ飬һԼܹοкľ۹ǿڣȴϢ˵ˡ
ľ۹ʧһʱ󣬱ص˺磬ĴڱǷֹңҡ
û뵽£ȻҲ˸Ҵģնɱߣʵ̫ˡ
ѲǸǿħ˺磿ҶСü
ܿ죬ɫͱϴѾܿˣûնɱǣҲһ棬ھȻܵȥ˭
ʱѾʧˣٴγֵʱѾһ
һĴѾˣôһֱŸĽøΪǿһ棬СµĹޱ³
صһ˲䣬ɢ˳ȥûһ˿ıһΧڡ
һڣ˶ҶСͬʱ

ڻˡ
Ȼ˵˵飬ȴûм˼һ棬֪˼ô
һųȵĹâ⣬гݣЩ߶ҶС¼ģҶСѾһ㡣
ڸܵϤһе߶
лһܹǵңɣҪȻһҪλˡ
ǻһһʱҶСÿ˶
ҶСĻЩƽȻһƬ
˻ͦº͵ģһϲЦ
˵ʵɲⰡÿһ۳˿ݵÿһ˵ĶԣҪߵΪߵƿ
ܶ˶̾
еⶼҶСصһ
һϣľ۹޸ƣɫܲҰףڻпµƻѹЩϧЩǿޱȣƺѹƵס
һߵ˺ľ۹ǰһεҶСдݶ˺ľ۹ڡ
һɹڴܳһʧڿС
ʲôô죿ҶСԾޱȣûмôȻǹ˳ȥȴûзʲô
ҶСİ£ľ۹ɫԺÿ˺ܶࡣ
ûдźľ۹ˣҪ֪࣬ΨеȺľ۹ϡ
ľ۹һ˫ܹȥδ˵ܹԤ֪ϦǱ˵ˣҶСи֡
Ϊ˺ľ۹Ǿһλħû뵽Ȼǡ
ݡ
ҶС¥ȥʱһ׹⻮ƿռ䣬һӳҶСϡ
ٶȶҶСһŤͷһֻһֻ׵ĶǵվϣûС̰԰С
þûмôôͳ󣿡ҶС罫СץУƤë
С˲˵Ķ˶壬ɫëˡ
˺ܶö
ҶСЦЦһͷָкܶĶڷ˵ϡ
ôĶС۾ĹâЩĶҶСֱЦ
Ѿǧûбˣԭһ㶼ûб䡣


2422 óԸ
ҶСһȥʧ֮󣬻ϾûмССһֻһ϶Ҫˡ
ôʱûмСǰһģһûκĻôС˺ϲ
ǰҶС粻֪Сʧô꣬˺ܶʱϸʱϣѾ֪Сǰ룬ٵʱһƱԴ֮γɵ壬ΪؼΪ֮
Ϊſ˿ûĻޱȣϾռϵƣʲôҰĻ߻˼ĻǿɾҪӡ
ҶС罫ĿСƵ˺ľ۹ϣʱкܳһʱܹƻָ
߻¥Уո߽¥Ϳɳŵӡ
ߺеЩӵӰԡΪʲôװ磬񻰾綼Ѿ̭ˡ
ΪƬʵкսһ
ôȥˣΪҲ˼Ѿ񾳣Ϊһ֣˵Ȼʧлײġ
ƺǲ˵ŤͷҶС˲䣬¶һĨϲ漴㰵Ǿ¶Щɬ
ˡ
ջģô񲻻ӭһҶСЦ˹ȥ˳ߡ
ҡ뿴㣬ֲ뿴㣬ҵѡ¶һĨʹ֮ɫ·Ǳ˵ĺһ㡣
ҶСһðЩΣⶫ̫ˣɷϣӢ۰ˣبŲ˵ҶСҲ⣬Գиоġ
Դ̫æˣûгʱѾӵеЩŮӣ˵ǳˣһҲΪ黨ǲˡ
ǣô궼ѾȥˣҶСܹоĸ鲻ûб䵭Ũˣκ͸ж
棬ôҵĸҶ֪ʱҲ֤һУ㣬ȷʵЩϲҵĶϣѷֳЩȵѾȻװһˣһһʧҶСĿų˵
һӴסˣƺҶСĻǿҵ𶯡
રણͻȻ䣬ӨӳʮƯⲻʹ࣬ǼǸжԸɡ
ҡڵȵһ졣
˵Ȼ˽ҶС绳УܵǾҵһεİοų档
þúþãȶ΢΢̧ͷͣڴʵղšղҲΰɣ˵Ļģ
ģĻ档ҶСĲõžϵۣȻͷź촽
һ̼䣬Ƭ촽Ӵţͷųȵĸ飬·ҪԼеУںϽһС
Ƭ̺ڳ΢΢Ϣ˷ֿ촽仹һ͸˿ߣ·һε˽ǣ
ͻȻһˣߵĵҶСһۣ˵å
ååţղһܵӡҶСЦ˵
˵ҡϽֽҶСסҶС˵¡
úãҲ˵֮ʱҶҹ֮ʱҶĳŵҶСޱȡ
Ҳĵ˵ͷʾҶС硣
ڵܹǶȫ㶨ˣΨһǣҶǵľǺʫˣһĽᣬҲԶͻԶ޷ǵһŮӡ
ͳ˵һЩ۵ĻĽѩŮ٣ҶСͷųһ̼䣬ܵҶСϢ
ܳʱûмˣŮǳҶС硣
ŮһԣһΧҶС磬˵һЩƽеȵȣһܰڿһָо˺˺Զôȥ
Ůˣһ˰飬ͻὫ鿴رأʲô飬ûаҪǾϣҶС粻Ҫȥߵ£صһÿ춼ǡ
ǳԷʱ˯飬ȻҲǳҶС磬ҲûйҪ󣬾ҶС粻ǸǰЩ΢΢Թ⣬ûʲô⡣
ҶС磬㾹Ȼôʱ䶼ǣһҪõͷ
ͻȻ䣬˭Ҳû뵽ᰱ˳ʮֱ뺷ҶСʵ˫ϣѩź۱ۣסҶСĲӣֱӿҧǶ̬Ů΢΢һ㶡
ôѾı˺ܶ࣬ԴҶֱͮƢıˣͷųԭԸ
ɿҵĶҪҪˡ
ҶСʹİŮ¶һõ飬᰷йƵҧסҶСĶ䲻š
ڷᰵΪҶС粢ûйŷᰣййʹĽҲװġ


2423 
뿪ôãþûŮٻŮˣﶼһ㲻ԹʱҶСĲŮЦֵԹһ̼ҲɢֻʣŨŨ顣
һ󣬷ɿҶС磬ָֻ˴ĸӣҶС
˰ɣ˭ôûлǡĽѩҶСһ˵
ҲԶһһ̼䶼ֿڻʱһʱȻʢҲһѣ΢עͻ׷䣬Ҫҿһǰ䣬ҵȻܴӦңò˶ãһʱȫȥʱúǡҶС翴Ů˵
ǶѾȴô꣬ƵĵȴȥǴҶһʱܶݣҲǳϲҲνǺҸĽѩҶС˵
Ů֮УҲֻĽѩôҶС˵ˡ
⻰ҶСһٲŮɢҶС˼֣Ůġ
ŮʱΰΰľֻҪ˻ţҲԸ⡣
ʱȴޱǿҵ˽ģʲôѣˣֻҪǾҸǡ
Ȼ֪ҶСһҲΪ룬ǲϲֹĵȴҪʵʵڵĹĺҸ
ԲôȷʵǣҲãֻҪʱһǵģҲҪźһ𡣡ҶС翴Ů˵ϡ
ŮЩʧܹóҶС绹ǰ顣
Ǳ⣬Ұҵ飬ҲǣⲢͻǲ֪ôһֱڳûгȥ׼ʧҾסĵطһ󷨣Ȼ󽫴ҶӹȥΣյʱǱص磬ˡҶСϽ͵
ŮЩĶһǲܹҶСߣӰ쵽ҶС¡
Ƕûлش𣬶ǽĿͶĽѩ
ôĽѩѾŮȡţΪʵŮˡ
ҲԡĽѩ˵ͷӦ
ĽѩӦ֮µҶСֱӽĽѩ˻У佱ҵĺŰ
ȥġĽѩһ죬һۣȥô󣿡
һںһʱ䣬ӦҲҪһЩ뿪һɣҶСɿĽѩЦ˵
ЩСô죿ʱĽѩһʵ
ʲôСˣҶСһɻ󲻽ʵ
װ㻹װǸʧǸˣһС˵㿴㣿Ľѩ˵
Ľѩ⼸֣ҶСԴˣ˼תԼҲ֪ô죬װһ˵˵ôô졣
ðɣҾͲ׷ˣԺٺŮйϸҪ֪ѹ·һҹĽѩĿһ˵
õģҴӦǡҶС˵ȥ۹ôš
˵ţҶСϽ뿪¥ıôŮ˸סˣʲôȱµİ취ܹó
Һʱ򣬺ľ۹Ѿϣ˽뿪
߳¥ҶСһ߳Խռ䣬ֱӱ˾¥Զһƽʯϡ
ôҶС翴źľ۹˵
ҶС磬ľ۹۾һ磬û£һָ۷塣
Ǿͺãˣ۹˭ҶСʵ
Ҳ֪˭ֵǿߣһɫ£ƲЬ͸̣ܶһеѪӰĸ֣ѪӦûʲôͻƵ˷ǿߵľ硣ľ۹Щɻ
ҶСɫ΢΢һ䣬һӦĮĿɮܹҶֵĻ²Щ½ķǿߣ˵׼ǸʥߣһȥѪӰ鿴鿴
ߣôûгˣǻҵ˲èҶСбų⡣
ѪӰĴ½ȻѪƣаޱȣػֲﶼѪɫġ
ףЩԾѪӰ½ЩѪŨȱˣʲô飿УҶСüͷһ˵
磬ҪҰ㿴ľ۹˵
Уϴۿδ仯˺۾ʹôʱ䣬ҲˡҶС붼ֱӾܽˡ
磬ģΪ̫ˣҵΪѾ˷ǿߵľ磬ģۿȥδҲʱѣʱϵѾҪﵽԲˡľ۹ʮŵ˵


2424 Ѫ
ľ۹ӣҶС΢΢ɻʵһ鶼ãɱƭңҪǸƭңԺɲҪٽҸˡ
磬ûƭ㡣ľ۹˵Ҫˡ
ðɣĸоʲô鷢ֹͣ鿴ûСҶС˵Ҳڵĺľ۹
֪硣ľ۹
Ƭ̺ɫޱȣ·ڸһֶսһ㡣
ʱԴǧꡣ
ľ۹һȦȦĲɢƺѾԶƬʱһ㣬ʱĺϣϡ
˫Ŀһ˿ۣһƬâ˫ĿбųһƬͼУһͼȻǧ֮ǰѪӰ½ͼ
ͼϣҶСԿǧ֮ǰѪӰ½һѪȻŨŨŨ֮ƬѪȻʱʱѪӰ˵
Щͼϵı仯ţƺںľ۹Ŀ֮ЩͼҪ仯ҶСҪ֪һĻͼ
ѪѵѪӰ½ƪѪйأҶС
¡
ͻȻ䣬һƬ׵оȻƾһƺһɨ£ΧռеĹѾѣһɹĹ\ľ۹ֶȥ
ʱΪĹʱȥԭδı仯һ淴عı֣عķɡ
ԭȥʱձȲ鿴δһĻķҪСĶ࣬һɷɵľ۹֮ƺռ䣬͵ﲻľ۹ǰ
¡¡¡
Χȫƺľ۹Ϊ־޴ķŭ֮ϣƹпµ׵
ҶСĿ⺮۹ֵĹһֵƲҵҪô³ͷΪС񡭡ߺߡ
ʱľ۹˫Ŀбųâ۳ɵǷͼ仯ˣҶѪӰ½Ѫϡ
Ƭ̺ƽһѪȻ첨ˣҲûЩСѪӰһ˵ˡ
ѪͬǺˮһڣƺڷĳֱ仯
ʱҶС뵽˵鿴ƬѪ˿µΣϢˣ񱻺ľ۹ԭ˼ѪӰ½ȥ飬飬Ҳһֵĺ棬뿴Ѫе׳ʲôʡ
̡
ʱһɿޱȵɫ罵£ɫлһǿ־־Ƭռֱ̣ޱȡ
ҶСȻ̫ͷգһ⣬ϳ֣һץһεǿ˳һɫֱӱץˣͬʱһöɫС壬ɫСɫ绨ҫ
ҶСΪƺ׵عŭ·һŭĺƬؼ
ƸǺںˣ̺׵֮ӿֲˡ
һĻҶСеĺˣһ仰û˵ȭͷֱӺɲǼ䣬ضһֹա
շԲǧﶼһƬ磬ǺɲǼʧӰ٣ֱޱȣ䣬ƺƺͷŭ
һѵںôܹܲܡҶС
ʱľ۹˫ĿĹâγɵͼ˱仯ѪȻγһƬ޴УѪӰ½ڣһѪûѪУƺʲôһ㡣
Ѫ¹ˡ
һЦѪаſ񣬻˷ܺа

һѪɫӨ͸ĹܳѪϿգǹѪӿٵĵѪ⡣
һѪ۳һȫһ߹Ǽӿȥ
תۼ䣬һѪɫ㵮겻ǳ촽ǳĺޣһʮ˵
ǸŮӵĻΪ绪ϧǸˣ̣˵ۡ
ſһһӰڣΪڲϵתۼͻƳ˷ǿߣ֮һǳȽȽ
ٺ٣û뵽Ȼô£µʱѾΪʱˣãҪܶʳѪۿ˵˲ʧ
ĻһЩΪܸߵʧ٣Ѫ۵ץסѪҺӿΪ
ʱľ۹˫ĿһϣͼʧӰ١
һκľ۹ȷʵûܵʲô˺ȴķ˺ܶ¶һĨƣ
磬ǿоиղǸѪɫꡣľ۹˵
۹ģһΪһҶС˵ͻȻ䣬ƺʲô¶һĨЦݡ
ҲǣǷţǺɡ


2425 
ںܶǰҶС֪ѪܣѪ󣬲һǿҵΣУָоܹҪ
Ͻȥ׼ȵΪһЩʱǰ鿴ô̫ˣѾˡ
Ǻľ۹ܵ͵Ϯһԭ˵Ѫͼ顣
ڿѪһǿߣֲǸʱ˼ΣյϢԼȥ鿴Ļ¶ΪԷ
磬ôˣҶСϵЦݣľ۹ʵ
ˣãʡȥѰǡҶСԶ¶һĨ⡣
ַΧڣѾӰѪӰ½۶ٶȺƽ˵оޱȡ
ҶСԶɢһεĹâ˰˽ȥУڵĿռ䣬ûһܹ鿴ǵںϵ
Ƭ̺ӰͳѪϿգӰǴ˺ľ۹ˣһʧĮʥߣһѪӰѪۡ
֣ôûˣѵѾ뿪ˣѪбųѪɫâأƺĿУеĶѭΡ
Է˵ʵǣûбҪġĮʥ߰ο
Ȼ⻰ǻСĵ㣬ʱҾΪСĽܹһֱţУûзǿߣÿΪΪٵʵֻҪر飬Ƕû£ǻΪЩӡħɵġѪ¶˹Цݡ
ܺãܲļƻûл»֪ǺѪӰ徹Ȼһǿߡ
ͻȻ䣬һ𣬼ΪĴݵ˶ߡ
һħһ㣬һһһĨ⡣
ܹϢĿǣΪ붼ǿôܹ־壬أ
˭˭Ѫ۾Ŀܣ˫ĿѪųܳܳҪ鿴ҶСټϧûǸ
˿̵ѾʼĻ̿ƽô˵ǶǷǿߣôһļǿ־еġ
˶ѰҶСټʱһ̼䣬ҶСͺľ۹˱ˣǰ
˵˲䣬ǶԾĿ˺ľ۹һۣȻĿͶҶС硣
㣬ͳһ˺ǸҶС磿Ѫ˫Ŀ΢΢һҶСʡ
ѾҶСʵɲ⣬Щ𶯣һʼѪгʱѾ˵ҶСĴ
ǸʱҶСǳĲмΪɽϻӳƴأ׵ˣҶСΪͿ͸·Էֻһͨһ㣬£û˿
û뵽µķҶȻǺˡĮһӵĿҶС˵
Ѿˣܶǿ߶֪ҶС絭ĻӦһ䡣
⻰ѪȴסˣȻһں磬Ƕʧֲȴʮֵ˽⣬û뵽ҶС羹ȻǸ˵ǧ겻뿪ƽԭһ
ǧ겻뿪û뵽һ쾹Ȼ뿪ˣ˺磬ĪǾΪߵλĮʥ߶ҶСʵ
ĪڲƺڷԷҶСͻȻ֣ѪҲһɢһͷ˿ҪϸСѪ˿ЩѪ˿ǴһڿƮֻҪҶСһжײЩǣѪ۾ͻѸӦ
ֻһҺնɱߣȻںƽԭʵ̫ˣΪõķǿߣȥǿսȻ۸Сߣʵ̫֪߳ˡҶС˵
ǿʳ粻ԲݣǳӦףҲΪ棬ΪѪ˿ε˵
طܲţҵĵڣұܣǱҵĹ涨һ˵ʱһ˶ߡ
ҶСƣԳӰع˵Դ죬춼ûл
˶ΪΪ΢û߳ƽԭһͲǣǲмںǿսзǿУʵѾûܵˡĮʥɫӵĿҶС˵
û𣿱ǲ֪ҶС翴˿Ļ¶֮ɫ
⻰ɫһ䣬úѿ
㡭㾹Ȼ֪Įʥһ𾪵ĶҶСʡ
綼֪ǵı󲻾ûָô֪ҾҶСЦһ
һᣬְɣҿǵʵǾûгֵĻˡ


2426 նɱ
ѵѵô겻ֵԭǲ뱻ͻȻ䣬Įʥ뵽һܣ¶˾֮ɫ
ûҿɲеʱʱ̶̿ţָоҲϲҲϲڣѾ鿴ˡҶСƽ˵
ĮʥߺѪһ¶˾ȻѾҶСʵǿޱȣȴû뵽ҶСʵȻѾﵽֿµľ硣
㡭㾹ȻܹѾںΪ׵ʲô磿ĮʥЩ
ᵽҶСĿֲҪ֪ںǸ£ƬǿûʲôܹùҶС羹ȻһУ˵ҶСʵѾﵽһ۷壬һҪԽƬǿˡ
ְɣҪӣǶ˾ųΪѤĹâɣǡҶСȻƽޱȡ
ã֪ǶѾӲˣǻȫ֣ҿʵʲô硣Įʥ߶ҶС˵
Ŀü˫ֺϲɲǼ䣬˶˾޴ı仯·һεߣ˿վĿռѾںˡ
Ϊ࣬Ҽ࣬վ磬޷ֱģУҶˣԶɡ
һڴĮʥ߿зƺħһ£
ĿռУһĿüӰ˫ֺϲʼص쳹˷·ʲô赲һ㡣
ӰеĮʥͻȻ˫Ŀдĸ飬һλȸ񸸡
ຣޱߣͷǰʩħ̫ҶʩִţĿޡ
Įʥߵֱ̧ҶСüĵ
ʱ·һεҶС磬ҶСһܶĿǸʥϢָüĵ
Įʥ߶ֵʱѪҲˣѪϣһԹѪи
ԹӳѪħ֮
Ѫ۴һһԹѪ߳վѪһԹغѪǵӰˡ
ϸȥĻͻ֣ᷢһӰȻѪ۵һģһ
һӰǰ߳һѪۺ϶Ϊһ׵ĽѪУϵϢֱӱǣ˺ܶ౶Ϊ۷ʱ״̬
Ѫħ֡
Ѫһ죬һѪٵۣһѪɫǳɢ޾֮
ϢܹһЩΪķǿң־١
һն¡
Ѫ۴һѪɫ裬ԲǧڣһѪɫӰΪˡ
һѪɫӰҶСն˹ּƺҪҶСֳ롣
ʵѪɫҪҶСͷʱеѪɫâǱѪɫںһ
һ̼䣬һȻʮʣʱѪΪ۷һ
ѾǵǱȫ˳Ҳ԰ĵˡҶС¶һĨ͡
µĹУҶСƵֻ׶Ө֣ѪۺĮʥһ
¡
ȻҶСĹƽƽȴ̺һĵ
ǡ
ĮʥǸ׶ʥϢָڽڱ飬ЩĿüӰҲʧһ㣬ѳһѷ죬Ŀġ
ѪҲһеһѪɫ飬Ϊ˾ʧ˿УӰģޱȣһ̣һͿԴɢ
û뵽ΪȻֵزǶѾʹȫˮƽҲĶ֣¼䣬ѾûĶˡĮʥ΢΢һ̾ҶС˵
һɽһɽߣϣĸ֣ЩֿҪµĶࡣҶСҡҡͷ˵
ߵͷһ˲䣬ܷҸղǷȫĮʥд֮ɫĿҶС硣
ҶСҡҡͷûУղֻ˰˳ɵ˺Ѿ㹻ǿˡ
ҶСĻĮʥЦЦȻը˿Ѫ۵Ӱɢ
˲䣬֮ϣǳ䣬ؼ𣬱˵İ죬žޱȵĵԴ۶
ಡ
ԴҶСۿԴҪҶСڣɢ˵â赲ŵԴĽ롣
һţŵԴԶģ漴㱻ӡ
̫ˣڸУЩΪ΢ˣһȺϣԭˣиĸֽע򵽺磬ǸͨҪӡˡҶСЩ˸С


2427 ׼ӡͨ
۹ŵԴյģһֲ̫õԤУ½ЩԴǻҷӡ˰ɣп治ͻƵǿߵľ硣
ҶС翴źľ۹΢΢һ̾ĶԼĸооĻϳʮſǳ󣬷ǿ߽ƺ˲ٿһ㡣
ǸĻһܣҲǲϣԼ֮˳λǿߵԭ
ҶģԽҵĵԴȡһ֣һҵΪͻήͣΪ۷ĸ֡ľ۹ĻɣƺͲںԼΪһ㡣
ҶСޱȸжģ򲻵ѣ綼ȡĵԴ
Ÿ硣ľ۹һЦ
ǻȥɣѾĲˡҶС˵һ䣬ɢεĹâ˰Ȼʧˡ
ѪӰ½ƬأҶС뿪ʮӵʱ䣬һӰԶƿնٶȼ졣
˲䣬ͣʱպ˫Ŀƺڻʲôһߣ漴˫Ŀ¶һĨȻ
ǧ겻߳ƽԭһΪȻֵزãʱû
һӰȻǴĵۡ
ԺΪǣҪȻͲҪˣѾˣԺֻҪٸҪնɱˡĵۺǼɵ
ûжú󣬴ĵ۱ʧˡ
ѪӰ½֮ǰȽ˺ܶ࣬ѪҲûµѪӰ֮˵ˣҲԤʾѪӰ֮˻߳ʷ̨
ѾϾ˴УûôԺһ˱һˣֱ峹׵ʧ
ҶСصһ󣬱㿪ʼһϲøΪǿ󣬸Ϊȹ̵󷨡
ŮǶæŽԼ齻ˡ
ҶСΪ˺ܴߣ󷨵Ҳ֮ǰ˺ܶ౶󷨣ҲǰԶصعӶ̻·
ЩֻҪһ䣬ҶҶСԼ·жԡ
Ϊ˱֤󷨵Զ̣һϲõҶСһʱ䣬󷨺ǰĴ󷨼Ȼͬ
ͨĻôԶڿ״ֻ̬Ҫ̤ڣԶʧҶС粼󷨵һˡ
ʮŮԼ齻ˣһȴҶСȥʧ硣
ǶѾ׼ˣǺǣȥǸͨ׵ķӡǿǺ磬ɸѣȻұںƽԭ󷨣һӹҶСϴҸЦݿŮ˵
ȥɣǶѾȴô꣬ʱ䣬ǻܹȴġĽѩҶС˵߲ᡣ
ҶС˵ͷ黯׵ʧ
ҶС뿪ĵطŮ¶һĨᣬҲһൺķ
һô꣬еÿһ£ÿһ¥ϤĲϤˣͻȻҪ뿪ĵЩᡣ
˶иĶǺĳദˣĳطס˶һֹУŮʱһС
ôƸУǵ˺ƽԭҲ׾ٵ˽ˣǸҲǣеǿƼͨƼܹõѶϢûûε˵
ᰣҲһ£ղС˵ҪӡͨͨһӡźŶ޷ˡͯ΢΢һЦ˵
󣬷һԷĿһɣܱ뺷˵ߣһμҪեɡ
ŮЦ
ȴ˵ҶС뿪һֱӳɳĮĳ֣ûκθֵע⣬ҶСΪ̫ˣǸͲ鿴
սػҲһЩ۷ֵػûзǿߴڣǹ
չһӾͽͨС
ͻȻ䣬ǰȻʣһӿǹ·ܹ˵꣬û˱ԭ
þûԭоԭϵĺ˺ܶ࣬³˱⣬ǵ񾳣ҪȻ޷ڱԭ档
ˣ֪λ֡
ӦһλǿߣѾ۷徳ˣȻӣ˵ԷΪܿ¡
ڷǿҲôϡˣзǿ֣߳ûʲôСֵģ֪һķǿߣ»кܶǿСնɱˡ
ҶСֺ󣬲ûأģȻɢϢΧĿЩ΢΢Χĸֶ޷ӡ
ǰʱͨзǿ߿أǵҲֻʣ񾳸ֿˣЩǿ߶γСŵأնɱǿȥˡ


2428 ׷ӡ
ԭͨȻ񾳸أϾֻһӣûһһĲ鿴
ϾںʧѾ˺ܶˣдʧֽ磬ҲһЩĸֽʧ硣
˭ܹܵĹôˣֻҪЩĸֲ˺Ǳ˾ˡ
ףô뿪ͻȻһ֮˶ҶСɻ˵
֪ӣӦڴͨ⡣
ɣҪʲô
ȥ֪ˣһʲôԾǸϽͨʵ̫ˣǲǶ֡
ΧЩػı֮˿ڷ׷ۣ۾һգգĶҶС磬ҪҶСľٶ
ҶСվͨڴ˿Ǿ޴УȻĿͶΧЩߡ
ǾʹȥͨӴ˲ڴˡ
ҶС˵һһĲɢعǰۣޱȵҲ£˹
Щع뾫ںһγһ㣬Ө͸ľ޴
ҶС˫ֵĻӶ£޴ĹһûͨУһγ˰˸ֲ棬ƽ̿ᴩ˺ı㡣
Ǿ޴һӱ˸ˣȻо޴Ŀ϶Ȼͨǿлҵӣ³ЩԼΪĵߣŸҴҵͨ롣
ҪӡͨɣһͻȻ䣬ָҶС磬˵
񡭡ǡ
ʲô־Ȼҽͨӡˡ
ϽȥҪȻǾˡһ۷˵һƬء
ҶСӡͨʱбָϽǱķǿϵ
ķǿ߽ӵϢһӶסˣû뵽Ȼ˸ҷӡͨ
Ҫ֪ͨԴӴ򿪺󣬱ܶʧĸֽ˺磬ЩѾںȢˣͨһӡôʧֶܶ
ķǿ֪Ϣ󣬱㽫Ϣ͸ǿߣûжõʱ䣬ʧ磬еķǿ߶֪顣
һŭűԭ߷
ʱ򣬱ԭͨѾһ㾧Ө͸ĹγɵһŴȫͨǣ˭ܹǷӡ̺Ŀ
𾪵ǷӡȻܹԶΧؼĻȥӡԽԽʵ
⡣
ҶС֣ԲڣЩ׷ɵѩȫǷӡϣתۼ䣬ӡѾγ˺ı㣬Χı˸Ϳ
ˣͨȫӡˣǶԱԭϤ¶֪ͨ
ֶ̫ˣ֪λǿķǿߡ
ҶС¶ֶΣΧıĸޱȡ
תǬ컻ء
ҶСϱ˿ֲޱȵϢϢԭΧЩһͨͨ˵ϣǾ
һĹâҶСзûΧؼ䣬ɲǼ䣬·綼תҶСΪת
ΧЩָоһͷĿѣҶСӰˡ
˲䣬ռ侲ָֹƽ컹죬ԭǱԭƬؼȴһֵϢ
ղŷʲô飿ôоضתҪһ㡣
Ҳָо̫ˡ
ЩֿϢȫһͨ˵ҶС磬г˿־壬һĨ棬Ƕ˭
ԭǺƽԭķҶݹ٣һΪ˭ķӡͨ
ͻȻ䣬һؼ𣬷ѩһӰӷѩ߳һһҶС
ңΧǿ߶ɣҪˡҶСĿɨһ¼㣬Ȼӭıǿ˵
Ǳǿɫ䣬ЦҶǧΪҲٰɣ
ಡ
űǿߵĻ£ǿ֣߳ҶСΧסѾԼصϢҶСȫ
Ƕ뿪ɣǿ߿˿ΧЩ˵
ǣˡ
Щֹ˵ȻžηĿ⿴ҶСһ۷׷뿪
뿪ǿĿһɨԭͨĵطȥͨѾʧһƬطͱԭطûʲôֱʱɫ΢΢һ䡣
ҶΪҪӡͨѵվ˵ĶϣֶҶСʵ
ͨ˽⣬˭֪֪ܲһ㣬ôķչԴĶѾܷḻˣһء
ֻһ磬ǵ磬οǸлвǱĸִڣͨȴӡˣЩŭ


2429 ǿ
˵ĶϣǺǣҲû룬Ҳֹɱ¾ѣʧ绹ĺߣҪһ׼Ҫ÷ǿɱСߵĻһƬǿò˶þֻʣȼˣ粻硣
ҶСƽ˵
Ҷʲô˼ǿɫѿʵ
ʲô˼Ǻˣǰһʱ䣬ȻǿںɱЩΪСˣΪ˱֤ǸֵİȫͨǷӡá
Ϊ飿ôУҲһֱɵ˼˾Բ˲ݵ飬Ҷܹͨǿ߶ҶС˵
ҶСҡҡͷѾˣͨѾҷӡˣҲ򲻿ˡ
ʲôܣ㲼õķӡô򲻿ǿߺܲŵĿҶС˵
ʵˣ㲻ţҲûа취ûĻҾˣҪһսҲ㡣ҶСɨһΧǿ߿˵
ʱҪ뿪ʱͻȻ̧ͶԶһµϢ
תۣռ΢΢𶯣һǿ߳˱ԭϣʧУеķǿ߶ˡ
ǿķǿߣķǿߣƽԭķǿҲˡ
վڱԭϵһ̼䣬ͬʱĿͶҶС磬ǵĿͬеһӣеֻЩĿг̰ȫҶС統
Ϊ˭ӡͨԭ㣬û뵽һ̤ƽԭͷ飬Ⱑĵ۶ҶС˵
ʲôϵҶСƽʵ
ߣ㽫ͨӡˣʧôôοǸֲһ˵˽ܷӡĪĸʲôܲɣĵ۶ҶС˵
ͨѾӡˣһ仰ҪôҶСһɨʵ
ٺ٣ǷҶ˿ֻҪ㽫ͨ´򿪾ˡħصĹâҶС硣
֮ǰѾ˵ˣҪҴͨѾˣһˣҪǧˡҶС絭˵
Ҷ֪ΪӰ˶˵㲻ͨ򿪵Ļɱǲһǿ˵һ׼ֵӡ
ôҪһԸңʲôʱǾȻܹһأǵõھһЩħʱǶһԷûг֡ҶС绷һ¶˳
ҶСĻΧһЩǿɫ¶΢΢ȻЩϰķǿǱû˿ı仯
ҶﻨˣϽͨնɱ㣬ɲĺƽԭ󷨱㣬Ǳԭһǿ߿˵
Һܲô˶ۼ²ҪҴͨô򵥰ɣҴͨǶԸָɺһսȻָҵĵԴοڸʹ򲻿ͨҪսսɣҪ˵Щϻþûгˣǰһʱǿ߸ûоˣӦÿȫһս
˵ţҶСͻȻһ˷·ƬԭΪһ𣬾ּ䶼һִϢ·ҪҶСնɱΨнƬԭơ
ȻһּΪĸо
ȻҶСûɢκεϢͨһ㣬أںϵһĻޱȡ
˿̣ûһ˸ҽҶСĻͷꡣ
ҶСѾǧû߳ƽԭһˣܶ˶ΪҶСʵ٣֮ںƽԭΪƽԭڲ˿µ󷨣ֻںƽԭУҶСΪȫġ
Ȼ˶ôĲȴûһ˸ҳͷǸͷ
Ҷ򲻵ѣǲ㶯ֵģϾǺƽԭһķǿ٣ĵ˲ԼǾһ壬ϣҶܹؿͨõõؽߵʵͻĸˡһӵӿҶС˵
ÿ˶ҶС֣ȴʮֵļɵ˾ɺš
Ѿ˵ˣ򲻿ԡҶС˫һ̯¶εɫ
˶໥һۣ漴һǿ߳ͳԭͨλԱߡ
䡪
ǿпµǿֲһеϢ
һ죬ɳһööǿİϹĻԶ֣Щȫ赲⡣


2430 ɱǿ
ǿµĹâɢȥ֮ԭͨĵطһ޴ӣȴûа󷨵ĺۼ
һĻһǿɫһ䣬ʧôܣ
ѵͨ׵ķӡˣзǿߺܲŵ˵
ܣԲܣӡͨ˺öǿߵοԷҲռʱھǷҶΪٸҲܽͨȫӡһǿҡͷ˵˫ĿĶǸ޴Ӳ֪ʲô⡣
ǡͨڵʲôط
ҪʷҶˣͨӡģֻ֪ͨʲôط
һ̼䣬еķǿ߶ĿͶҶС磬ǸղŲ鿴˺ܶ࣬ûв鿴ͨʲôطһɵöҶСΪΨһ֪ˡ
ҶС磬˵ͨʲôطҪȻôķǿһ֡һǿ߶ҶСв
ҶСû˵ĬţĿÿһǿһۣȻ¶һĨЦҲ˵ĻĻᶯѵǾͲܾˣþһռˣ˵ĴȻʵ˽ޱȡ
ڶǿɫѿһ߳ŭĸоƺȫҶС˵˼
ҶС磬֪ôһǿ߽
·ѾƶҶС粻ǳһ㣬Ȼ޼ɵ
Щ˵ҶСû⣬ھԵʵǰһжֽϻĿڣҲ֪ͨʲôطͨѾԴͨ漴תˣʧУκһƬطпͨ
ʲô㡭㾹Ȼͨתˣ
ġ
һǿ
Ҷ㲻֪ͨʲôطа취ȥ磬ΪǺˡһһǿ߶ҶС˵ź⡣
ĳӦմ۵£Էӵ˵ɫɫһͷɫ⣬һֶصϧ˿ɢֶȴŭƻˡ
ȷʵǺˣʲôϵĪնɱЩΪ͵ߣǸӴʧûаϵҪǡҶС˵
˵ţҶСźƽԭķնȥٶ糣ȴ۷ʱ˺ܶࡣ
Ҫ뿪ûһ˿赲
Ҷվס»ûнȥҶС߳һʱһɫĻ赲ǰǿ˳ֱҶС硣
ǿȫûκξٶǺƽĿһĻ·һĻѾϵһ㣬ֻǺϣһĻ
Ϊǿߵ֮̽⣬Ƕ֪ҶСҶС̫ǿֺҶСʵ̫ǴնɱҶСĻᡣ
ÿ򣬱ҲҶСĶɫķǿߡ
ƽԭǿ¶һĨɱ⣬ҪȻҶС֮ǰǴǲҪûķԸԲҶһ֣綼ˡ
Ҷ̫ţֲһ˵ģǴҵģǶǴӺ߳ġɫɢһȦ⻪ƣʮ㡣
·һλʿҶСһĴħͷ
⻰Ҳ˼˵˺磬ôǲʲ壬޵ʲôʸ˵Լں磿ҶСЦһ˵
㡭Ҷ˵һ䣬İ취ĺɫϵƸӿֲˣȫҶС֣ƺֻҪҶС绹ʶȤͻȫ֡
޳ܣҪҳ֣ҪԼҳһƷҶСϵЦݸӱˡ
ޣħˡ
ɫ˫ǰһԲȦ̺ޱİأǵ⻪ּᣬγһա
˺ںһ𣬱˼ΪõĹâһ̼䣬߲ܶı˫Ŀ
õУһҶС¡¡һֻҪˡ
ʵǰţɣ
ҶСĿһֻ̧ӳһεһ·в˼ܣ⾡ʧյɫǿҲһʧˣ·Ǳʲôʴһ㡣
ȫʧ˫ĿŷָղɫķǿѾʧˣϢҲȫʧˡ
гһŵԴŵԴĲѲ³ղǿѾˣҶСС


2431 зʽ
ԭһǿ߿ҶСĿǼɵһĨ𾪣ղǿߵΪҲǾȻô׾ٵıҶСնɱˡ
оûܹߵһ
˵ǶҶСֵĻкܶ˶ᱻҶС׾ٵնɱ
ԭΪѾֵزѹǿսΪǵΪ벻ۡƽԭնҶС૵
˿ҶСĿԽˡ
㡭ΪڵʲôزһһɬĿҶСʵ
Ȼ֪ҶС츳ˣʵҲǿ󣬵û뵽ҶС羹Ȼô׷ЩˣұЩϼһҪµĶࡣ
ӷǿ֮սõԼΪû뵽ڻǲҶС磬һǧ겻ˡ
Ƿ֮ҶСƽ˵ʱŵԴҶС磬һ죬һεԴӡȻ
ܣΪѾԶԶǣôǷǿߵľ磬ѵ֮֮ĺṵô󣿡ۺܲŵ˵
ҲһŵӣҶСΪѾ̫̫࣬ҶСȴ˵ԼȻǷ֮Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȷʵô󣬷֮֮ľʱǳ󣬲ûдﵽôĵزƬǿһ֮Ƕĸֻܲϵػ͹ܹﵽʱ䡣ҶС翴˵
֮ķعֻһ·ˣǱ֤ǿӡӴƬǿ֮ܳɾˡ
ҶСĻܶжȻҲ֪Ƭرһˣֻ֪ȼˣһЩ˶Ѿо˷ȴûвӡ˵ôͻƵˡ
˷֮󣬷·ǰ·Ѿˣôû֪ǰ·ôߣһǰһƬã
ҿعıˣ֪նɱǿߺ۳ĵԴʵҪȻ˶֪ܹΪ
Ҷ˵ĶģֻӡͻƵʵ
ҲһеĿҶС磬·˸ղŻ׼ֶԸҶС硣
ֻôһ·˭ִĻԲع򣬳ɾͷ֮һͲᱻӡˡҶСܴ󷽵˵
ع򣿲ܣĻ޷Ϊˡһǿҡҡͷ˵
ǰоععʵôôһǿ˵
·˵֮ǰиУ˲عר޼죬أֻԼǵǿޱȣĴܹعƳǵͨЩ߾Ȼ࣬ϧ߻ûгɳ֮Сʱǵۻ˵дһĨź
죬أֻԼзʽ𣿡зǿд㽣һĨĽ
Уǧзʽ϶ܹعзʽϧѾ̫ˣҪ߳ôһ·ޱȣһ·Ͼ鲼ûһĴͳɳ˵ڿҲֻôȥˡǵ΢΢һ̾˵
һֱһԵˣϲ·κ鶼ûйϵһ㣬ȴ
ⶼΪͻƣΪƬǿ
ǵ۵ĻҶС绺̧ͷ˿ĻҲ֪ǵ˵Ķ붼ˣôһֻĵ·ϧЩ߶붼ǱںǸնɱˡ
Բ뿴Щ˳ɳһЩ˳ɳԻᷢıȻΣˡ
ô˵ҲҿһֱֳعӣҪȻûгɳ֮ǰɥ֮ˡ
ѾɳںҲûа취ϣܹ˿Ҳֻˡ
ͨѾҷӡʵǿԼ򿪣Ҫ赲ңô׼ɣʱ򣬾˶ôܳɾʱҶСĻؼ
˵꣬ҶСһһ̤ԶȥЩǿǿҶСԶȥӰûһ˸ҳ赲
ȻЩǿЩ˲ģҶСʵѾ˵һУûа취սʤҶС磬ֻˡ
û뵽ΪȻѾֵز治֪ôģѵĳɣ˵


2432 Ůʧ
ΪѾ˷ǿߵļ£ҪȻҲôֲ治֪ôġ
˱˰˶ãôô죿
еķǿ߶ҶС¶Ϊо𾪣ղҶСһ̫ˣһȻնɱһǿߡ
˳ԾҶСûŵԴǷӡ
ѵϿûм뵽ǿߵսУʵѾ˽ֻһֱû˷ְˣһЩ
ÿһǿ߶ΪҶС¶Ϊ𾪣·ҶСѾ֮ϵ顣
ҪΪǣҪȻûа취࿹⣬ܶ־ܸߵ
ûжúЩǿ߱뿪ˣЩܲĵķǿǿʼڱԭѰͨϧ޷Ѱ
ҶСΪɲ⣬ʵǿޱȣٶȻ˵ûйñصĳǳسѡһԺ䣬ʼ˴󷨡
󷨼ΪܳһֲҪȻ֮˾ͻᱻ޾С
ĸСʱʱ䣬ҶСŽ󷨲óɹĿЩ·ȫһ㣬ɢǿҵĹâ޾ʼ£γһɹȫӿС
䡪
Ժ΢΢𶯣һѾͨɴҲˡ
ˣӴ˺󣬿ʧͺֻһͨˡҶСһ߳УӰ黯ʧѾ˲ռϣ˺硣
һգۣٴγѾһˡ
ʱŮۼһϣƺǸܵ󷨵ĲŮ¥߳˳
С磬ѾúˣĽѩʵ
ողúãǱߵͨѾӡˣҪ򿪷ӡΪͲܡҶСЦ˵
С磬ǲȥʧ磬ǾҪĽѩ¶Ϊ֮ɫһĨ
ˣֲǲ֪ǵĶϲƽũ壬ʱʱģʲôʱʲôʱǴһȥһҶСЦЦ˿⡣
ԼĸĸҶС绹ǱȽģһľǶŮгϢȻŮžǵԸԸѾˣÿﶼú㣬ΨһñǲͶһ
֪ˣˡĽѩһ¶ɵЦݡ
߰ɣҶСŮһơ
װʿˣᰱҶСһۣһ󷨣Ӱʧˡ
ҶСһЦȻָ֮ǰӣŮЦȻһ󷨣漴ʧ
þûлؼˣҲ֪ϵΡһ󷨵ĮʥŮ¶ŨŨ˼
걻ѡгΪʥŮͳ׵ıƬϣȴ˱һԭ־пԶĶ׵ĽˣҿҶС٣ҪȻѾɢˡ
лл㣬ҪҲ֪ôľʡʥŮۺǸм֮ɫ˵Ƿĵĸм
˵ллҲ뿴һֻɵ㱻һС
ҶСЦЦ˵
ʥŮĵ˵ͷĺϼ漴̤С
ҶСһЦ漴ҡҡͷȻ̤С
ȻŮѾȷʥŮҲϿҶСŮˣ֪Ů˼ҲʥŮ˼ȴЩ˵ˣ·ԸԶԶûʱĵΪ
ҲС
ʱŮ󷨵ԺУдź棬һֿʸС
ʧ𣿹ȻǺ粻ͬع򣬻ռṹҲͬĽѩ۾ϸĸΧĲͬ
ˣƬռлЩŰӣѪȣԶԣƬزǿأƬѪȣ̫ƽˣȻ뿪Ǹʱ򣬿˺ܶС磬Ȼ޵ǲܺȵģΪҪǿ󣬱ԶԶģҪһַΧѪȵķΧű¶һĨĹâ
ȷʵˣǿأȻСΪ룬ɱ¾רһ֣һ߶ȱһֺһ̤۷˲ߵѻġ˵
ĽѩǳǳһЦСһʼȡĲǶԵģϾһʼǺĸ̫ˣٴɱ¾ĻչĸˣˣǸ磬ǲʧ磬ǸѾһЩ仯ˣܶ飬Ѿˣ𣿡
ǰɣ΢΢ͷ


2433 
ʧŮܵĲͬһݲͬڵĲ𣬻ع򣬿ռṹȵȣһַΧ໥ķΧ
ǰǿ󣬺ܶߵľܵǿҵĴΪȥûʲôãͷǻᱻնɱ
öִӴһ겻ֻΪٲ־ᶨȻϵ׼ǿߵľ硣
ʱĽʧǿѾһϰߺ֮ԽˣһԲϣͻսĻ£Щʧȥ˶־һָֻ˹
Ҷ̫ˣǸûмУΪ˲ֲпľбȾնɱնɱΪԼѡ˵İΣЩһǷϵ
һ֮ЩľϣһأٶҲֺܶࡣ
£Ѿˣп㲻뱻նɱȵÿٵΪ㲻Ϊ˵ǾƴΪþһֶε
ҶСһ߳ŮǶ̸ͺĲͬ
Ƭ̺ҶСоʱҲˣŮ˵Ҫˣȥɴĵطܿ
ߣԺ䶼ռˣȷʵЩСŮ˵ȻҶС߽˳ڣһС
ڣһЩΪҳϵ⣬кöŮЩŮΪҲǿǸڣѾǺǿĸˡ
һһɫѵŮ㽫еزķ˳ϣȻǹ˳ȥ
ҶСŮһƷζһţʧһֲĽŮ
ںƽԭݵоһȵȣǿߵʵȵȡ
ЩΪĶŮҪȥ߶ĻҪ˽һ
ʧž˭ȥ䣬ǾͳȥɣһҪעⰲȫ˼ΪѵʱǿԺһҵ֣ҾͿԳˡҶС翴Ů΢΢һЦ˵
㶼ôˣһͻ֣ϲĶҶСʵ
Ҳҳ֣ҵһƻ֣ʵӦͨķǿôǿɣǳȥĻСģʧ绹֣»Ϊҵĸ֣мСģҲʧȥеκһҶСı鼫Ϊ࣬һĨˣĪ˺ʫ۵Ůӡ
ҶСӣŮ˵ͷͨ˽⵽ʧҶСǳ죬ºܶ˷ǿ߶ϣ
ϾûһԸ⿴ôǿ֮ϡ
ҶСһֱֵĺ޵͵ûǸǿԸ⿴һڵʼյԴϿա
ҾֻǳлɣȵΪҸ֣ٳȥ䡣ĽѩһЦ˵
УЩ˼ƻʹڳڣЩ׼ֻںƽԭȵȣûһ˻ȥԶĵطǶҶС鷳
ڵԺܶ࣬ǿһѡһԺ䣬ҲԼѡһԺ䣬ǳԺķֲͼԼѡɣ
Ů֮ҶСйâӿۣСĳģͼԺ䶼ʾ˳
һ쿪ʼҶСƽ϶ڳڣŮģָŮ
ԴҶС籩¶Լʵ󣬺зǿƽԭҲûٸҶС鷳ˡ
Ƕ֪ҶСʵǿޱȣû㹻İգԲ顣
ŮڳڣƽĴһʱ󣬱м߳ȥط䣬ط
ʧطĺܼңҲзǿ߲ϵսȻзǿߺ;һĸս
ͻȻ䣬һϢʧ紫˿Ϊߴǿеķħ۾Ȼˣ֮Ļǿߡ
ӴսʼȻŹ˲ӵʱ䣬ܹԷʵǿޱȡ
һʧ硣
зǿ֪εս󣬷׷׸սĵطֳĺۼƺоԲʮУ֤˶ֵǿ
ħǰٻԨȻûеֵסԷĹ
ħۺľǧʱѰҲϣƵԨһѷ죬ԶֻѾµı
Էħ飬ܶ˶²ŵ˾˭
Щ˾Ե˾ҶС磬ϾҶСʵ̫ǿˣÿ˶о־壬Ҳ˵ҶС磬һλĺˡ
ڵ˭նɱ˷ħۣһʱ䣬˵硣˭Ҳ֪һ˵ȷġ


2434 ۵Ĳ
ħ۵ʧֵ𾪣ҶС֪˴Ҳͬ𾪣ܹڶʱնɱħ۵˿¶һڰеˡ
˵ԷǸصġûгֹĴħ𣬵ڶħҲǸܡ
Ȼܶ˶ɻ᲻ǴħΪϾҶСΪĻͶԷħ۳ˣûбҪȵա
ŷħ۵䣬ԨҲеһЩʼ׼һͳԨ
ħཨ䣬ʼֱǿߵı
ܶǿҲסһ̣ϾȰĵܹԴȻ˵ôһ󵰸⣬˭ȥһ飬˵ȫˡ
۵˺ܶǿߵᣬһս񾳸֣Ҳǿ߶ȣһСʤִͬȡ
ڿԨҲҪȵĺˡ
ǹħУһǱڣڶħܹվһħӰϣһħӰȻޱȵĴħ
û뵽绹һ֣ǺƽԭһλҲλ֣һһλڰеˣѾµĸˡħ𻺻˵
磬ҪҪȥһڶħʡ
ãڿĻҪӣҲǳȥʱˣ˵ܹʲôȥҲԣùңƾǵΪôߵĻ»Σաħ𻺻˵
ǣڵܸӣҳֵĻ»ЩǿߵĹͬڶħЩԥ
õģǱͲһģ˭նɱ˶ԷԴ˴˼䶼зһ㲻Ҫħ˵
ڶħ˵ͷ綼߳ȥ뷨ˣӰ쵽ħʲôƻһֱûгȥ
߳ȥĻǾһ
Ѿ˵ħ𣬵ħ𣬵ħټЩǿߵСУܹвǵĴڡ
ڴħ͵ڶħ̸֮ʱƽԭĳǳسڣȴӭһλˣϻۡ
ĿڣԶɫӣû뵽ҶСʵѾǿﵽֵزϴμʱǿ˺ܶࡣ
ʧԽû뵽ǿѾǿˣҲ֪־˭ȥò˶ãǿķǿ΢΢һ̾˵
籾ڶΪΪ˼ɣϧôͷҲΪͽ¡ҶС˵
һҶСʵѵʲô
ҶС˵ͷǲһ㣬ڻûȷ
Ҳ֪ôģǰһʱ䣬ϻľһľĸо·Ҫʲô鷢һ㣬뿪ϻʱָоʧˣһʼһΪʱҵĻþҷ˼κÿζĸоһ϶ѾϻˡۿɬһЦ
ѵǱλǿ߶סˣҶСʡ
Ҳ֪һ϶ǸСķǿһмҲܻأľսϵЦݸӿɬ
ӷǿߴսҴûзɹֻдҲŸһ
ƣӣҶС˵˵ĻԴҺƽԭͲΣգ뵫ǿ߶Ѳˣҳһڵ͹ΪˣҪȻֻʱġҶС˵
ɣϢһգþöûϢˣ㲻ɣ
ȻʱҶСЦЦ
УҲֻһƬˡٴһ̾
ҶСȥҪǸۣȻŬΪ
ҶСѾһλںĸֵļƻҶСûһǿܹӳ޴ľ֡
˵ǰˣΨǿ߲ѡ
ڷħ죬дսԨչвзǿ֮ս֮ս
һսеķǿ߶˽һսʱ䣬ⳡսУȻʮλǿˣһǾһĵħ
ǲħͳڣܶļ壬Ŷţ˵ѪɺҲΪ
һսУǼӾЩǿСìܣһС֮䣬ͬˮֻԷΧûеڵ£ǾԻսһ
ʮֱǸݳ˾޴©ӦǷħۡ


2435 Ƕ
Էħ֮ʧ糹׵Щǿ߷·Ҫһ㣬Ĺǿߡ
ڰиֵвصı仯Щǿƺʼý겻ƺ޲ýеķǿնɱ
һһʱȥЩǿǲֻʣմۡĵۡۡǵǿߣǿ߶Ѿ䣬ظնɱ
ڷǿ֮սԽƵҲˡ
ÿͻһзǿߴսϢÿʮзǿ䣬·ڷǿߵѾΪһС
ƽԭɽϣֵܡΰӺͻһصվգǿǱѣ·ãմѪϢǳĲȶ
ǲԶۡմۺǿվһȻǿҲЩǱϢƳûһ˵ӡ
ǻǲҪˣԹ־ܣҶϣֻǲֵԴˣȻǵΪ䵽񾳣ܸһ·ۿŹâ˵
Ȼǵʵնɱƽԭˣ˭֪᲻ʹ˵ҶС磬һҶС磬ǿ¾ûкӹˡ
ߣбЦһ˵
ò˷֮˭Ը⽫Լ۵ľ͹ûһԸ⡣
˿̣ƴˣϣƴӶԷİţڵ򣬵ʱ򣬾ΪΪ⣬Էôô
ȻˣҾͳְɣɫĿһۺƽԭ֣˵
£ϱ˿µƣϯƬռ䣬ͬǻͻɲ⣬һƣ䣬Щ˿µӡƺֻҪ֣ȻǾ춯ء
ء
մ¶һĨЦһͷɫڽиҫ۲ã˻ΪһֽǹâȾ֮ϵĽҪۣһֻϢһּµ
ǿµĹâ֮մƿصķΧɣס
ӻڻ硣
۵˵·оһ㣬ɢÿһͻ˵һ֣ÿһһռ䶼𶯣һĹ򣬷·ںϣһֳѵϢɢ
ƣ羡
ۺմ˳־úƽԭɫ䣬ȻܹմǿޱȣԼ˲Ƕ֣οһԻлǿߡ
ƴˡ
ʱƽԭǿйͬ뷨
һҫš
£ǰƯĳâʤȻƿնȥһΪĹ켣ǽҫݣ·ÿ˵֡
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սϣϼᱡİɫȹ裬绪һƬƬɫĻ껷һӣſĻӡ
΢΢պϣĽëֱӨȣɢһ˿ܲ˵ջ
һŷɫϢƬռ֣һű¶ŮͻȻ֣̬ǧ˫Ŀ飬ݺݺ࣬ͷŮΪܵջ
ŮƺһӳĵףӰת
ʱֵܡΰҲͬʱ֡
׼ƬشƣȻ뿪
ۺմۣǿ̫ˣһֵʱ򣬾ֱӷӡƬأ·ƬѾʧ磬һֺʧƽеĿռ䡣
ƽԭֺմ۵Ĺײһ
ʱ䣬ʱƺֹͣÿһƬռ䶼һ㡣
¡
µ˳ǿֲĳˮķӣããеһҶۣڿµ
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һµͨ˺أڻҵдһͨźƽԭ˹ȥ
ƽԭǰõĹĻȫ顣
СģСġ
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ôû°ɣ˸Ͻ˹ȥóһԲεĹ֣ȫУǵİȫ
û£û¡ӿȳ˼Ѫɫ԰ޱȡ
ǲǶ֡Ųѩ˳һŽ׵ߵѪһƽ˵ıƺûб


2436 ȫѩ
մۺ۱ϸʱķǿߣǻ۷񣬵ʱЩԴʵһӱ˳ȻǵʵߣȻǶ֡ʮ侲˵¶һĨɫ
ƿƬصķ˽վҪ׵ˡΰɫص˵һ䡣
ֻһ취ˡ
Ųѩޱ˵ͻȻ䣬гγĹâԼնȥ
һâն֮ٴһѪһɫĹ˿ߺޱȾɢ۳һŵԴŲѩΪӷ֮һӽ䵽񾳺ڡ
硭ѩɫһһ
㡭ȻնΪյɴ۾¶һĨ֮ɫû뵽ŲѩȻôܹԼΪ
ѩ֪Сһս뿴ֵ˵Ľ˭죬żҵĽһгؼѪԸһֱûдɣӽԸ׵ˣѾˣҪ뿪Ψгȫ㡣
Ųѩѩ˵Į¶˵顣
硭ѩ΢΢һ
ҪŮˣϽգǵˡѩ㶵ӣŲѩü˵ǱЩ΢΢Ĳá
ѩĵ˵ͷȻŵԴգϵķâɢ˷·Ϊһһ㡣
ֵܶĹһģһĹǽӽںҲף˵ĸ֪ѩϢǡ
һżֵˣƺĳ־һ㣬һȻ󻺻³˵ʵǿ󣬻ǿߣҪƳƬصķŲѩĵԴҲܹɹ
ھҲһɣôоˣûôƣһҲδһˡ¶һĨӵĹâ
ȻϱһϸСĽЩУһƹ˿ߣдɢ
˷·˺ܶ౶ͷ˻Ұɫ˧ϾȻһơ
ӣ㡭ٴ𾪣û뵽Ҳô˷֮ΪԸΪ񾳡
ûʲôǷǿҲδһҸҸӦˡӵһЦûЦһ̼侹ȻЦ˳
ƺնΪ˳Ծ
˵ţ𾪵Ŀ⣬۳ɵĵԴ£ѩڡ
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ҵѾҪƽˣ֪ѩʲôʱܹգҪƽ֮ǰںϵĻǾͳ׵İˡ¶һĨɬ
ʱ˶һ߶ѩһ߶ǻҵ
˵ĹעУƬռУǻһƽ˶ܹ͸ǵӰˣһǽŲˡ
ΧǿߵӰԽԽҲԽԽš
ƽԭǿߣջ᳹䣬ǷҶ֪ҪȻûܹȵǡ۵Ĵ˽
ܹ˫е⣬ǿ߻ӡ
𣿡
һΪųһһÿҪƽĿռٴξ籩
ѩ˫Ŀһ˫Уâлڶ
һ
ѩ˵ĸ֣˫ϥϵĳȻγһΪҫ۵Ĺâ˳Żһе
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ߡ
ѩ˵һ֣Ųѩӻƿռ䣬ӴͨĿռȥպΰϽȥ
һϵеĶ죬͸˷Ӧʱ䣬ۺմɫѿޱȡ
ô£ǾȻܹǿ߶Ƭռķɫ䡣
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˭֪ƽԭǿ󷨣Ҳ´ȥܵ
ûио˵Ϣ˺ܶࣿմͻȻ俪˵
΢΢һ㶣漴ɫһ䣬ƺʲô˵ǳȫһˣ
մ۵˵ͷ
ôһ˵
Ҳϣ뿪ɣҪ˷׷ɱմ˵漴ǿ뿪


2437 ¶
ѩһ˽˺ƽԭ󣬷û׷ٵϢһ
Σհ˲ȫ䡣µ˵ͬʱŸмĿӵȵһۡ
ǰֵܺӣҲ̫ùˣȻǣѾǿߣԺҪȥҪʮСˡΰ΢΢һ̾ʮĵ˵
ԽԽˣ˭նɱķǿԽ࣬ʵԽ죬ʵǿ˲ܹնɱķǿߣȥͻγһѭʵǿ߻ԽԽǿ󣬶ʵСĻԽԽЩƵ˵漴ĿתŲѩӣƻô죿
ĳǳأڣǰȫġӺƽ˵һ䣬Ųѩޱ飬ƺûյĻ
Ѿϰֵ˵Ѿľˣоʲô
ѵǾûٴ֮𣿡ٴʵ
ˣƽδһҸǰ̫׷˺ܶණҪЩĶһһѰһŹâ˵
ԺֻܹȥˣǻһʱɣǱúûָһʱ䣬նΪ̫ԪˡԴĵ˵
Ųѩ˵˵ͷһҲǲѡ
ȥʮʱ䣬Ųѩ˷˴棬ŻָһЩԪȻЩУֳĺĲ֮ȫʧˡ
ʱǲŻķɳ۶ȥ
ҶСڻǳļΪ⣬ÿ춼Ů飬Ҫж
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һգҶСûгȥǰѰ
ʻͥԺڣһ䱸֮ɫҶСԶ˫ĿɢһĨ֮·Ѿᷳ
ʮÿնĵģΪһ㶼û˵Ϊ֪ˣӦĻһΪôȥϻһˣΣԽԽǿˣǲ鿴֮ȴûκεķ֡һɬ˵
һ˵ĳûУȫһĳĺ֮δϣѾˡ
ҶСüȥϻһˣûвʲô
֪ʵܸߣΣյĸоĺǿңҲ˵ǴĸоġʮƵ˵
͸оԼеǾ֮ȻҶСʵ֪ҶСʵǿޱȣԼĸоƺֻҪϻǱߴȥԻһ㡣
ҪϻǱ߸㲼һ󷨣ҶСʡ
ˣ¾󷨴ڣȻָоҡҡͷ
׼ˣҶСٴѯʡ
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һĶ׳ϣһͳΪĸ
ǿҵΣУѰҶС硣
ȻҶСҲ۵ѿΪĲӣߵѾԽԽˣߴʤ
Ȼ㲻ѣ˵ѾˣݶԺƽԭһսУ۶ԮˡмΪϻ壬ҲжҶСͶѺõ뷨
ľ⣬ȻҪæ
Ѿ¶ˡۺ˵ɣ׼ҶС罫ڵĹ۵ľȡ
ǺðɣҶС˵ͷȻ׼֡
ƺоʲôһ㣬üͷԶ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ôˣҶСûж֣ۺɻʡ
ҪԵһˣмλ־ҪˡҶСǸ˵
û£ֻҪҾͷġЦЦ
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ˣҪһ档
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ɣ
ҶС翪ٳһֱͨ˴ӳ˽
ʱ¶һĨ֮ɫĿͶŲѩӡ
˵ţɲİΪ֮ҲΪΪȻӷ֮䵽񾳣ܾȡ
ô£նΪˣҶСĿһɨʵ۾ޱȶϵϢѩϵϢѾжϡ
ۡմֵۣ֮ΧǵʵǿǲǶ֣ΪܣǽһֵԴȫתƸѩܵ˵


2438 
ǻҶС翴Ųѩ¶һĨ֮ɫ
֪֮˶ʹĥѣԸҲԸһߣÿ˶ôնΪ
־֮£ҶС¶Լ²Ǹ֡
зʽѾˣֻɱ¾Ƿǿδһ¡Ӻƽ˵һ㶼ûʧȥΪǷϣǲʣŲѩҲһ
Ѿ㹻׼ˣԺĺȾˡҶСЦЦȻĿͶۡ
¶һ˿⣬ƺ֪ҶСʲô˼
׼ҶСεɢ֡
ְɣۺ˫ĿӢһ㡣
ҶС֣һŹγһֻĥʯСƣֱӸǶ£ͷϷ
һɿµ֮ɢγһ޴УΧɫһ䣬Ͻ˺ü
ǸղŸоһɿµƺܹǵĽǸ֪ҶСǿ
ʱֻ΢΢һɫͷɢһ
һ̼䣬۵Ϊֱӽ䵽񾳣֮һǳ䡣
ˣӴ˺ҲǷǿˣԺʹĳǳذɣǶһ𡣡ҶСһգɢžͱӡˣͬʱ˴ָС
ڿԽˣû뵽֮ȻһɵĴڡ۳һЦ˵ƺ˺ܶ౶
Ȼ˵ԴΪ½ȴûбֳϵȵȵĸӣⶼΪҶСֵԵʡ
ȷʵһΪǿܹƿҪȻǲҪΪǿáҶС˵ͷ˵
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˶˵ͷܹ˶ûĴ㣬׼һеӡ
ˣǸϽȥȾưɣҲҪһͨ˵ҶС翴һ˵һ䣬һ֣ͨͽͳ˳
˵Ĺһͨ˵ָһŮ
ſڣ˳֣ǿ¶һĨ֮ɫ֪ҶСԲվǿ֮ս
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Ѿ˵ҶСĴ𰸣Ǿ֮ҶС޹أҶСҪĽƽԭİ
һʱ䣬Ƕû߳ƽԭ·Ƿǿһ㡣
ǿ֮սΪˣЩҶС޹ء
ľ۹ųλǿ߶ڳڣŮһУҲ߳ȥ
·ҶС粢Ϊһֱǰһ㣬Ҳߴǣ߳ȥǿս
ʱţһǿ䣬֮ǳֻǿ֮սƵҵƽ⣬·ǿ֮սҲҪįһ㡣
Ҳ֪˶꣬ͻȻ䣬˷һֵĻ֮ϣǳȻֻʮţ̫ˡ
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֮ǰǰֻҪһǳ䣬ڣȻһµǳ֣ڣǳѾ䵽ʮţûµǳ֡
˵Уֻʮǿˣʮڣǿߣûеǿߡ
һʼǶûע⵽ʮˣͻȻ
һ󣬺ܶ߶עһ𣬶ܶ˶⣬ʧǶ
Ҳ۷׷ףΪ¡
ʱΪĲͨǣǷ֮ĸ֣һжЩֻš
֮Уھڵɫصա
Ȼʮ궼ûµķǿ߳ˣѵ˵ʱֽҪįˣԣжȻʲôأѵ˵һжĲã
ƵʮǹУǵվһɫâݺύϣ˫Ŀϲ˫һķӡɣ·ʲôһ㡣
ͻȻ䣬һһϢڲɢһڽɫѪҺֱ˥ϣͷ˰ɫͰ͵ģһ˱ζһͷ·ˡ
ԭԭһıһı˶ŪڹƼ䣬ÿ˶˵ļ¡ǵһЦٴһѪ
ʮֱǸϵͳ⣬ȥάˣó


2439 ǵ֮
Ϊܳɹ𣿾˭ܹƬأû֪δҲһƬģֲ÷ҶûвֵǿߵսУѾ͸ˣЦǻڲսⲻ֪ⶼһı
ǵ
ȻǰѾЩԾǣȴݹȥδ⵽⣬οĻǳı仯ʱ̲סˣݹȥδ˾˵ķ֡
ݹȥδҲûа취İ취ϰĲսĲʹãƣѣÿ˶ƣΪˣεݡ
ϢһҪݳȥһҪǵ
ͻȻһööӨ͸ľʯУһɹüķȻû뵽˾ʯС
ۡ
³һھѪָΪʣԾѪΪī̻һööѪɫģЩĸЩʯ档
ҾѪΪȥ
ǵ۵һȣһööʯƿնȥתʧƬռ䡣
ʱˡ
ģչ־ʧ˻ƵʮǹΧɵһ޴󹬵ڣĿƺڵԼƣڵȴʲô
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һ죬һ֣ͨ漴һöʯгɵġ
ҶСͷ˿еľʯ¶һĨȣһڷӿöʯС
ˡ
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ǵۡ
ҶСһ
Ҷһ˻ƵʮǹҷһıҪ档
һ仰˵һɫӰʧˡ
ҶСɻһ֪ǵ۷ʲôı
ͻȻ䣬Ժһֶѵѵںֵʲôı
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С磬ʲô飿ĽѩĿҶСʡ
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ҶСϾΪǿޱȣȻƽԭƵʮйңԶûöʱı㵽ˡ
ʱصУԷֹʲô鷢Ȼǵȷʵʲôش飬Ƿ֮ĲޣʧУܶ˶ϣ
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һ̾һ˵ɫΪӡ
Ƕǽӵǵ۵ĴѶϧǵֻʣһ˿˿ϢѾǵ۷ӡˣ취ǵۻָһ£Ǹشıҹ˵
ŶҶСǰһһɢӿǵڡ
Ƭ̺ǹ»صҶСڡ
ôǵۻܾ𣿡˶Ȳʡ
ǰʱ򣬶ϣǵһ̼䣬˭ϣǵۻţǶ֪ǵ˵Ǹ޴ıʲô
ҶСҡҡͷ¶һĨź֮ɫ
ܵǿĹɣ⵽شȫˣҲֻʣһ˿ҪָѾǲˡ
Ҳûа취ǿϧˡĵһϧ˵
ǰһǵ۶ͨȥδ⵽عķɣ붼˽⵽ʲôµ飬Ȼ׼֪ǡ
˶һźӣĿ⸴ޱȡ
˿ΧˣҶСͻȻʵ֪˭һģ
ң飬ǵۻʣһΪὫǸı˵û뵽û֧ŵǸʱҸϽӡˣԷ׵䡣ĵۿ˵
ԭʱһ仰ûкǵ˵𣿡ҶС˼Ƭٴʵ
ûСĵҡҡͷͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ŀ÷ҶСʵҶʲô˼


2440 
ûʲô˼ֻЩɻǵ֮ǰûе˵Ǹ޴ıôϵıӦźʣǷŭͲšҶС絭˵ͬʱһ۴ĵۡ
ɫһ䣬һϸĿǵ۵ı顣
ǷŭͲŵı飬ô£ѵʲôزɣ
ڶǿ߶һȻǿԾĵط
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һ̼䣬е˶ĿͶ˴ĵۣɫҲ
ǡôңǴĵʲô⣬ҲûʲôϵɣĵЩ΢΢˵¶˼ΪǿЦݡ
ȻʵҲûаմҶС˵Ϲжܿط¹ҶСһ˾͹һ
ĵۣͱװˣǵһģû֮ǰ϶ʲô飬ѵ˵ǵնɱģǵ֮ǰǸ޴ı㣿䶢Ŵĵ˵
˵ʵʱǵѾˣ಻ǽӡûʲô顣ĵװһ޹˵
˼Ƭ̣ٴο˵֮ǰҲȵһҲ˵
ټ٣ټ棬ҶСжϺȻԴĵ۵һΪɣȴûʲôȷе֤ݰǴĵΪ
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪µ׸ȥ
ʱҶС翪ˣŴĵʣѵĵ۵ǵΪ⵽عɶ˵ȷʵǷӡǵۣȴ˹ǵڵĹ֮ѾˣһӡĹǵڹļȻңҲǵֻʣһϢԭ򡣡
ҶСķ󣬴ĵɫޱȣ·˭Ƿһ㡣
ҶǹԲɣĵĶҶСʵĺ⡣
ⲻǸԣҲʵǰˣ˵ǵ۲ô鷳һĽҶСٴʵ
ûʲô͵ģǰŲţûλǧҪĳЩ˵Ĺ켣ĵĿһɨһ˵
ãⲻģô㣬Ĵĵ۾˭֪ʧѾĵۣ˵¸ûйϵҶúĿƼĵ۲ѪҺԭʼṹԭʼɶȫһµģҲ˵ĵ۸һˡҶС粽ơ
зǿ߶ĿͶ˴ĵۣһϢɢȫŴĵֶȥ
˵Ķĵɫϱ任ٴΪԼƱ磬ҪնɱǵۣΪεǵۻһڣ
ĵɫ¶һĨ
Ϊ±ǻɣҲûдĻ㵽Ƶʮǹûжõʱ۾͸ˣնɱǵۣûʱ룬һὫƵ˵ĶϡҶСǵĹâ
֮ĶŴĵۣһĻûУ·ҪҶСĵ۶ţĵ۳ײһ㡣

ͻȻ䣬ĵЦ͸һصϢһϵϢ·һһ֮ϵĴڡ
Ҷ˵ĲȷʵҶǵ۳ˣһжҹΪЩעǲй¶ġ
ĵϴŵЦ˵˵ͬʱǵ۵ͻȻķѣǴһ飬һĨԼƵȫɢ
һŵԴγɣȻԶɽ˴ĵڡ
һĻ¶һĨȻ֮ɫ漴һԴĵȻӡ
ȻȻնɱǵۣĵۣ㵽ΪҪôʲôı˵Ļǻһ·ҪȻһ֮ء
һǿָŴĵ˵
ǿ֮䣬˭նɱ˶Էô۳ɵԴ󣬵ԴͻԶ˭һֹѾڵĹ
Դ˴ĵۣ˶ҶСĻ˿Ļˡ
ٺ٣ƾǣǷҶ˵ֻһż֣ȴûʸ񡣡ĵۺǲмĿһǿߡ
㡭ǿɫޱȡ
ĵۣΪҪôԴս֮ͱˣ·͹ȥȫˣҲϤǸĵˡۿŴĵ΢΢ҡҡͷֱ̾Ϣ
û䣬һʱǸңֻҲò͵֪ʱǾնɱҵĴ㣬ҪôҺѾ䣬ս֮ΪǿȻ̣ԭҡĵ¶һĨʹޣһɷŭ


2441 
ĵ۵һ˶Ĭкܶ˶˽ĵ۵ĸܡ
Ϊ˵ʱ̵͵ǵһʹĹҲνǵΪ˺ܶ˺ѹֵıԾͻᱬұԭıԸ񣬸ӿš
¶һĨΣһĨį֪ĵԵϾս֮ǰͲںǿߵĸܡ
ȻϿÿε鶼̶ʵһİ壬һ˵㡣
УǵۺٷΪ˵͵մҲһ˵ΪȽûʸ˵ʲôҲٿ˵ĸܡ
֮£ԸжһЩԵ·Լǿ֮ףҲǴĵʹ۵Եʰɣ
ĵϵϢǿ˫Ŀ磬ڷ裬˵ſ
ۣұ֤һĺܲҡĵһ˵ҪնɱۣϧһֱûлᣬѾȫ˺ƤԺлҲһ
˵ţĿתҶС磬ҶҳݴҲ֪˺ܶ飬ûնɱǵۣʧУܶǿ߶նɱģֵĴĵ۶ҵķϧȻ´һ㣬ʧĲĵۣǾĵۣûбͷ֮ÿһ˵ǴĵۣҲ˵ǡ
ԭˣÿμʱ򣬸ҵĸоͬԭΪߵͲͬԵʡմŹâ˵
ȻǣҶ֪ʵǿ󣬵ҵΪҲԶһʱ䣬ûȻˣҲԺٻزˡĵۿҶС˵
΢΢һӰг֣ټ٣ûãͷֲһĵǼٵġ
λȸǣټʱǵڡĵ۵
Ϊߵ𣿡
ͻأ䣬ҶС綢һ˵ָſһµָųγһž޴һ㡣
ĵ۵δֶ¶һĨţв֮ɫƺû뵽ҶС羹Ȼܹĵط
ôܣΪȻĻҪߣȻ赲סҡ
ĵɫ˲ͻָ˹ȡ֮ţ˫ڿռлһööŹֵӡγɡ
¡
΢΢һ˹ɿµԽռȫ˴ĵϣϵϢÿޱȣͻ
ƣ˭Ҳ޷赲ҡ
ĵ˫һ˺ռ·һͱ˺ѳ룬ǰһ˾ʧˡ
ߡ
ҶСһǰһֻӶƾն£һɺ嫵з׷Ѱȥ

һҵĽ漴Ȼֹĵ۵ϢҲʧӰ٣һ̼䣬ҶС΢΢üղŶԴĵչһܵһ΢΢赲ϢϢ֣Ǵĵ۵ģȴ֪ʲôϵġ
Ҷĵ۱նɱˣһӵĿҶСʡ
ҶСҡҡͷûУˣʵǿ
ǰ׷ˣΪܹǵۿл֪Ǹıû뵽ǵ۾ȻĵնɱˣƲĵۻǸıйأĿǰҶС绹Ʋⲻôйˡ
ʵжǿɫصʣɫһɴĵȥǶҪ
̫ҶСٴҡҡͷ彥黯ʧ
ҶС뿪˵ɫѿˡ
Ҳ֪κʹĵ˺Ƥټ˴ĵۣĵһʹɱ֣ΪҶСܹĵնɱǿֻ˴ĵۣûնɱ
Ժô죿ûǿߵˣǵʵˣЩ໥ɱҲǽİ취ȻʵǿˣǱĵۻǲ磬Ҷ£ͼıҪԸĵۿ¾ҪƾˡĿɨ˵
ôԸĵۣ˲ɫʡ
ƾǵ˵ȻǴĵ۵Ķ֣ҪԸĵۣǱ˶һǴĵа˸Ȼܹ赲Źâ˵
ͬ⣬ͲҪλħ˼˰ɣʧܸӣҶʵǿ󣬻оһĴħظ֣ڻһĵۣҪ֮⣬ֻϣû;մĵ˵
˶˵ͷȻͬʱĿͶλħǲƣһҪֵӡ
ߡ
ڶħһΣϹħɢħħɢ˲䣬Ǿʧˡ
һĻ˶һźղȷʵѾͬʱֵͷħնɱǵʵһħʱ뿪ˡ


2442 ħ
УҶСһ߷غƽԭһŴĵ۵飬ĵۼȻնɱǵۣô֪ǵ۷ֵǸı˵Ǹıеĳˡ
һĵ۵ʵѾǿˣа˸һеķںһ𣬺ʵԲһһô򵥣ǳ˷ĴڣʵԻ
ʱΪȻҶСĶ֣ȴвҶС硣
Ҫ֪ǸıΪԼĴڻΪߵˡҶСǼᶨ֮ɫ
ǵ۵ֱӵ˻ƵʮǹıǳڽҪԴĵ۵Եʣûλǿȥǵ۵Ƿ·ѾںԼĴСںԼȫ
ñ˻ƵʮǹĹǣǵ۴ڵʱǰؼÿ˶ǵ۹ޱȣʵʵģǵ۵䣬ЩУһȻǵĹһȴѾ˼Ҫƿǵһ
ЩҰĵĹҪͳһΪ£ƵʮǹһĴսǶ۷Ĵڡ
ܶ˵µ£Ҳ뵱ȨߵζЩսֻ񾳸֮սڷǿûһӰ졣
˵ĿǰΪҪʵͬʱסԼʲôĶѾ̫Ҫˡ
ĵۺڶǿ˺ƤֱӵЩֶԴĵ۷ͬʱҲɵޱȡ
Щ鶼ҶС޹أص˺ƽԭÿﶼŮһǵģ·鶼ûκιϵˡ
ֻ˵ֳ֣򣬸Ͷ첻κεӰ졣
Ϊ߾磬Ϊ˲ʧĸֽ磬ÿ춼ѾǧˣٹעŮŮǵ׵լ˳ڡ
ΪѾϵһ㣬ҪΪٶֻЩ⣬Щֻʣʮ
ˣһŮһߵȴţڵΪʲôıҲԱ֮ǶԷ˲Ϊ֣ûа취赲
Դǵһڣʧǿ֮䶼ûзսǱ˴ڿһ㣬ֻΪ˷ĵۣ±ĵã̵
һ죬ҶСոںһ⣬Ϊһ˿˿ĸˣһ۷˳ſڣþǻȥ·ʲôһ㡣
һԺ֮ڵҶСһ죬һ֣ͨ㽫۷־˹
ڳɭϣҪݼҶС磬ҪͨͬͨһҪҶСܡ
ǰڵͺɭϣŮ󣬸ɭˡ
ڵЩҶСĹˡ
ղѾصӣղ۷ĸֻľٶ¾ͻ⵽ЩĻɱ
ݼˡҶСʱ۷ʮֹĿҶС˵
ʲô£ҶСʮƽʣղΪǵ⣬ϵϢûȫ
ɢһϢ۷΢΢
ˡС˸˴һ仰۷΢΢
ʲôˣ
С˲֪ϱһӦǾһħ˵Ҫһ棬ƽԭǺںƽԭնɱصڶ򡣡۷˵
ŶҶС¶һĨɻ󣬡лȻ۷壬ǣڻЩףһ֮ɣ
˵ţҶСһֱӿ񾳸ڣϴˢļ⡢ǣĤڵҶСһȫϴ塣
ʮӵʱ䣬ҶСеֹͣˣڵѾһָˣҪȫָپһʱ䣬ΪͻһΡ
лˡ۷һ𾴸м
лҶС˰֣䣬˺ѿգ˾ѾҶС
һĸ𣿿¶붼ǴħǵڶħĻȫԼѰңûбҪڶãҿҵʲô顣ҶС
ЩѾµѰӦǴħǵڶħĻԷӦ֪ԼĶ֣ڶԼҪնɱ׾ٵ顣
ںʹħһ£ҶСʮڴҲħ𣬿ħʵжǿ󣬻ܡ
ҶСƬ̺ɢϢıƣ·Ǳһͨһ㣬뿪ǰ˶


2443 թ
ȻħԼҶСڶ棬ûиҶСʲôطҲڿҶС磬ܲѰҵ
ȻһƬѾһռˣʣ˵ĵȻܶ࣬οһĴڣǲŲþһĸռ
ҶСӰ˶ɢ鿴ÿһռϸ΢֮
ȻѰһһշһƵħΪߣͷֲˣ¾ּĸֲֶˡ
֪ȻħҪȻҪȻôҪѰһ֣ҪѺܳʱ䡣
ħҶСһֱŶնȥƬ̼䣬ħʧˣ﷽Բǧڣããûһڡ
ԣħӦþħʧУһֱǱδ·һֹ⿼ҶСһ˿
ƬУҶС˫ĿɨһΧأ˵ħɣ
ϧҶС绰ºܳʱ䣬ħȻûг֣ͺҶС´һ㡣
һ֮˶ǽʵ֮䣬ǵɢΪһƬûĻԲʮķΧڣĴڡҶС绺˵Ȼĵȴ
ǺƽԭʵȻǱѰһЦ˷𣬾ÿһƿռ䶼һִһ㣬
Ƭ̼䣬һħܵɢҶСǰһ֮ĵط
ģһħӰγɣɢſµϢΧĿռһҪѵĸо·ϵϢѾƬصĳܵơ
ϧˣûƬǿյ
ħ𣿡ҶС綢ǰһħӰдһĨɻ
ΧռһƹŤпµϢҶСܹжϳħʵΪǿ󣬾Ǻ¾࣬սΣǾҪһսܹ֪
Ҿǡ˵ƽԭҶʵǿƥһȻˣʵȷʵǿ󡣡ħҶС磬ǽʵ¶һĨЦݡ
ͻȻһתʣʵҺܺ棬֪ҶôһΪҾһ˵ĹΪҾһֲܿٵĳɳʧ磬ֻзǿ߲˵ԴΪ
֪ҶûвЩǿߵսУΪȻôǿħɫâ˵
ѵħΪѯ£ҶС練ʵɫת˻⡣
ҲǺˣڷҶҲһЩ֪Ҷô£ħָָĻ˵
˼ҶСȻף֪ʲôҲ˵Լ뷨
˽ĲǺֻܶ࣬ǸоʲôңҲϲָоǴħӦ˽˺ܶණɣϾǴڵʱҶСֽ߸˴ħ
Ҷ̫ǫˣȻҶȻܷһħǿŵĴЦһ
ǸƬǿ֮⣬ںάƬǿչ򣬿˵죬־⣬ҪȻͻ飬ȻںƬǿյ򣬿Գ£ⲢǿգϾ¡
ΪܹƬǿΪ֣ǿգһӴļƻԹ˥йأʲôļƻҾͲö֪ˡ
˵ħҶСһۣȻΪǿˣȻ벻Ƭǿյǽ
ĪǴħѾ˰취ͻƵҶС翪ʡ
ôͻƵģûƬǿ֮֮ĻһаգڿûʲôϣˣҶһ䣬С£ǧҪƭˣҿɲ뿴һ׿׿˳ΪеĹߡħ˵
һһעģ֪ħʲô飿ҶСʣӸղŴħһУҶСѾжϳ˴ħ֪ں˵ĸֵȴ˵
ҶС֪ԼѯʣԷ˵ȻҲֻһ㴿ĸо
ѰǰҪ£ע⣬һսҿΪħһĨ˷ܵĹâ
Ϊжֵ˷ܣΪܹʹһս˷ܡ
ΪʲôҪһսҶСЦһΪϲıνĶڴħ˵ע⣬֮ԱǣŲŴħôġ


2444 ҶСսħ1
Ϊʲô֪ʵο㲻֪ҵʵ𣿡ħϴЦ˵һ֮еӡ
ҶСĬֻǽŴħ˼Ƭ̺˵ͷãҺһս
ҶС绰£ϿƻڣΧϼƣɣ·ΪѾع
ȻûпȥӰΧع򣬵ΧعȻܵ˾޴Ӱ졣
ħħϴָʴԵܹӰ쵽һУ·ΧܵΣһ㣬ķݣΪģԲʮѾա
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֮ƾһף·ˮϵһ̼Ҳߵ㣬ھһķǿǰƽսķΧڣѹƬ
Ȼǿ󣬲һֱΪĶ֣ħ
ħ˷ܵĹâһħųڵһ㣬趯
ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һǸܵʲôһ㣬ͷȥֻ·ռ΢΢һ޴ħ۹ɵĺɫ̨֣Ǻɫ̨·֡
Щ·ԶγɺһɺɢҶСȫ껹
֮ԣá
֮ԣ΢

ħ˫һӡһһּΪĸо·̺һϵİĹҶСжϲһֹ
ڴħʱһƹϢ֣ҶСоԼЩСʱ·飬ҧһڵĸо
ͷȥֻԼϳһööɫİߵ㣬ЩߵɢһɸϢҶС綼оԼһζ
еǸҶζеǳζζΪᡣ
ΪѾﵽ˰벽ԽƬǿյĽޣ޹޳ھȻ״֪ħʵǿ졣
ԣãҵҲڳ룬ͷıôµ鿴ԼһҶСɫص
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ҶСɢһϼ⣬ЩϼûһƬƬƣڣһ̨ͤ¥Ȫ飬ɺɹɹУӰ
һӰ泯ҶС磬һεΰϷһ̼ҶСǴƶˣ߸ϣͳ˷ס
ϵĺɫߵ㲻ϼ٣ϼ⿹ǹɹ
ħɫ䣬󶯳ӡˣǺɫ̨ת̨֮ϣһϢȫҶС
һɹһз
ǡ
ҶС΢΢춯һϸ΢Ƴ֣ǴҪָо
ʲôҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һһץһƺڻɫ֣·Ǳгһ㡣
Ϣ𣿹ֲʵôǿԭҲ߳Լ·ҶС
ֹԴͷֻ̨Ҫ̨飬ĹȻṥơ
ҶСΧǻûɹʵˣʵһƬ磬ϵϢӿֲˡ
顣
ҶС̧źݺһ壬⣬һγɵľ޴Ӱ֣һӰԼ嫵к£̺ȵϢͿµΰ
ˡ
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̡
ҶСһ֮£Ǻɫ̨Ϻɢ̨СЦݵıѩ
ת˲䣬ɫ̨ʧҶСƲڼ̨ʧ˲䣬ǹϢҲʧӰ١
ħʵҲȻ߳Լ·йĹƺƬǿеĹ򣬿Ҳаͻ
ҶСϼƣʤɣǻԲ·Ļ
Ҷ߳Լ·߳Լ·Ϊôô죬ֻǲ֪ʲôħҶС˵ҶС۳ļ̨
ҶСһ㶼Ļô̫ʧˡ
ھ֪ˡ
ջ棬Ρ
ҶСվϼУ˵˰˸֣һƬƬأƬһ磬ħȫС
Ϊͣ·ǳٽĳضĻС
˼õһ硣
ʱҶС綯ˣһ˴ħǰʮ׵ĵطһĳһƣһͨޱȣȴ̺ϵĴ
ء
ħɢʵ״̬ΪƬƬЩңϢ˺ܶࡣ


2445 ҶСսħ2
ħԼɢҶС΢΢һ㶣漴ָ˹ԭҲһ֣һΪһõ
ʩչܹͨöԷԼ˼УѾ٣ΨΪǿ־ᶨ˲ܹ߳
ᣬҶС粻ϵعŴħѾΪ״ܹܵĹҲӣÿһΣһ˺
ҶɱңղһʽͨȷʵǿѾԼıģ»һֱֻþС
ͻȻ䣬һǿ֣ɨħȻޱȣȻβסһɵС
ҶСһʽͨɲǽöԷԼ˼ô򵥣һԷݷݳ٣ÿһÿһԷ궼
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ħ꼫Ϊǿ󣬾УȻš
ҶСɢħ¾£һ𣬴ħʵˣϵϢҲ˺ܶࡣ
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ʵȷʵĿǰҵĶ֡ҶС縺ֶ΢΢ҡͷ˵
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ҶСȻվգһҲĿƽ·Ͳ´ħĹ
𡪡
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Ҷ̫ˣȻʵǿ󣬵Ҿһͨޱǿ͵ΪΪҵʳɣ
ոսҶСɣħſ䣬һһĸоƺҶСĸһ㣬ڽһ㡣
ʱҶС紦һƬɵĿռУռ·޾߲ͷһǿ˷ӿ
һҪѪĸоһҪȵȶɵĸо
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ħҽһƬĿռ䱻ֳ룬տ³֣ҶСһֱ߳
ħǸߴޱȵСֳ룬ޱȾԪ³ɢƬռ䣬ϵϢޱȣұ֮ղŸˡ
ܣܣôܹгħҶСһŵӣҶС羹ȻֵܹסǾһ츳ͨһܹ
ûʲôܵģټ̵ıݣƳȴƳҪʡĶࡣҶС絭˵
ԭˣѾ˱ɵ׼ħ˵
һ١
ҶСҲϻֱӹһһֵ³һĲƬռ䶯
ɲǼ䣬ħ΢΢ϵϢ·һε˥ϣڵʧ
㾹ȻҲˡħо֮ɫ仰ո˵һ룬·ʶʲô漴ȻֹЩӣһ
ħӰ
ħбųһĨɫſһ£һɾޱȵľħһħӰγɣʹħһģһõģûһ㹥ʵģֻҪ㣬ͻ˺
ЩħӰצҶСħӰͷ·޾ԩҶС

ҶС罣üһӣˮĲһ㣬ƬռзȦȦ
֮еħӰȫˣΪ˾ԪʧƬռ䡣
ЩħӰȫʧƬռûһ˿ħʱ򣬴ħѾʧˡ
ǱˣҲ޷һһôղ˵Ǿ仰ʲô˼ѵ֪ʲôɣҶС綢Զ¶˳˼ı顣
ղŴħ˵ǰ仰һ˿ľ衣
˵ħѾˣղԼһʽͨйأħֻ˵˰䣬Щź


2446 ľͷ
Ƭħ֮أһɫǱһɫǱλ룬ǱĴƺֻΪ˺Ǳ
ͻȻ䣬һӰ֣һӰǴħӰ
ϵϢĺܾңӰΧħס
ϽһſӻƵϣſһԲʮڵħΪһɺ壬˵
Լ˰Сʱʱ䣬ſ˺ܶ࣬ϵֻҵϢҲʧˡ
һԴа¶ɫâû뵽ΪȻﵽ־磬ʱΪܳ˽ܣǼ飬ЩԺܹһ¡
˵ţպ˫Ŀˡ
ڴħ뿪ҶСҲ˺ƽԭȻ˴ħЩԾ·֪һЩܣȴһ²ⲻ͸
Դʧڶǿĵ˺Ƥ󣬼еķǿ߶͵֪ĵǿ䵥Ļ϶ᱻնɱ
ЩǿĶأۼһ𣬵Ȼⲻ˱նɱˡ
һ£ǿ߱նɱƬĻǳһš
£һǿ䡣
ʮ֮󣬾֮ϣǳȻֻʣ˰˿ţһǳΪնҪ
˶֪һǳŴĵۣ죬Ϣͻͣ·Ѿ֮ϡ
ĻȱһǳʼƺҲɷʢ״̬ߵ˥ڣǴдеʢߵ˻Ҷı
ΪҲǰôˣԼĴϻ۱ӡһ㡣
ȻǿߵĽ䣬ܶгĪ˸У·һʱҪߵ˾ͷ
ֻʣ˰ǿߣҲʣЩ岻ƺ֪ԼҪߵ˾ͷһ㡣
Щ飬ҶСȻ˿ģ¾еķǿ߶䣬ġ
ֵһǣʮƽԭʣķǿ߶ṳ̂ĳǳһ֪ĵʵǿǸͲǶ֣ΨдĳǳزΪȫġ
ںƽԭУʣǿߣաųΰľ۹ѩҲҶС˵ԴΪˣһһƽŮӣֻԧ첻ɵ
ں־ǿȫһˣʲôطҶС綼
طҲֻʣۺմǿߣطķǿȫѾնɱˡ
ҲҿҶСȡ˵ԴҪȻҲ벻˱նɱˡ
ݣսҲϣսĶ񾳸֣֪ڵĶԷǿΪǿ߸ͿǣҲήݶǳ֡
ǳЩ񾳸ַ̣Ȩƣڸλϣָ㽭ɽ
մۺ˸û˼͹Щһôܹȥ
˵ŲǵĿ꣬ȻҲҪնΪ֪նΪ¶ܲ˴ĵ۵׷ɱ
ڣۺմԶɫΪƣ˺ܶ࣬īһĺڷϳһư׷մҲһĽɫ޹⡣
ڸô죿һǰնɱ˵ڶħ𣬹⽫Ƿ󣬿Ϊıĥǣǵӡǵ֮ɫ˵
Ƕû뵽ΪĴĵ۷ԽǣΪʸ̤֮һմɫΪӡ
һ̾û˵ʲôƺ˵ʲôѾ޲ˡ
꣬ʧ罥֮ʱǶΪֵܹĻôһУȻĿۡմۺǵϡ
û뵽޳ҶС磬ʱﾹȻ߾ϣԽǣҪ䱳ӰӦˣ
ҶСһĻôĵ۸һ⣬˭Ҳû뵽ĵصľȻô̣ʱһ̵ֱʱ
Ϊʱű˳¶˱ĿǸʱҪʰĵѾòˡ
ʵǻһ취Ψһİ취մɫ˫Ŀž⡣
ʲô취ۼеʵѾĵסˡ
УΪżľҪˣһֱĵ۵һʹմۺ˵Ҫ˵ĵ޵˭ô¾ˡ
ħȻʵҲǿ󣬵ڶħ𶼲οǣΨһܹǵֻкƽԭҶˣȻǺҲദĲǺ죬ӦòڸǼƽЩմۿ˵
Ҷ
ҶͼΪĸӣ˼Ƭ̣ѯʵ᲻Ϊǳͷ
֪Ҳûʲôամҡҡͷ


2447 ɱ
ǱԣȥԵĻһᶼûС
һĬ鿴ǾᣬȻҲȥһ뵽Ҫ˷ҶоЩȻ꣬һκͷҶӴں磬һҶСֱն
жҶС޼ˣֶԸҶС磬ϾҶС绹նɱһӣϧֵҶСʱѾˣҶСѾɳʵѾܹ࿹ˡ
ȥһնɱԼӵ֣оЩ
þûУΪҪǻţ˭õǾȻ䵽ֵزʱһֱʱΣķⲻвմ΢΢һ̾
ʱΪ˼ȥ뾡һа취ɱߣնɱ˺ܶǿ߲Żһʱ
û뵽ݺһӵｭɽۺմҲҪ˵ʱ򣿡
ͻȻ䣬һ̺ǿҳ֮Ƭؼ
ʱۺմɫһ䣬ѿޱȣ漴¶һĨɬ·ʧȥ֧һ㣬һ̱ϡ
ǰĿռ΢΢һ̣һӰǰһӰɫۣͷϽڣȥʸ߹󣬾ǳȨ֮λľ
Ǵĵۡ
ѾķϾܹ
ĵعԶ֯γһɫΣһκ֮ϵĸо
·֮ӣһʱ䡣
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Цβסĵ⣬ԭʵ΢˿ʵǿһʱͣ൱һˣһҹ䱩֮ǰ˻ҪǮҪȨƣ֮ǰ˵
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һ㣬Ҳû뵽ÿ˶ԼĻԵֻ˵ҵĻԵ̫ʱˡĵЦ˵漴ĿͶۣۣʲôҪ˵ģ
Ҳûʲô˵ģ籾ǿΪʵǿ˲ܹһУҪȻͳ磬ҲֻΪͽ¡Ϳĺ͸ˣ֪ˣſܲͶҶС磬ڴĵѾˣܹŵĿѾ󽵵ˡ
˵̫ˣԴʱ֮һֱԾӣû뵽Լ䵽زɣҲû뵽һƶ𡣡ĵſһЦضۡ
ȷʵû뵽ȻЦˣǻһƤǹ۳˵
֪ѾѲ˱ĵͷˣ˵˿˼
⻰һմɫһ䣬ĵɫޱȣϿµɢ׵ıۺմˡ
ɫһףͬʱһڽɫѪҺڣеİ趼ȫΪ˷ĩ
ٺ٣Ҫɱ𣿡ĵɭһЦʵ
Ҳɱ㣬Ҫ㿴ҳɾµһ죬ǺƽԭķҶҲΪҵһĵһһֵ˵ɫ
ҲǽԴʱˡ
ĵſһ£һ֮Ϊһžȫһƾžգۺմ˴ĵۡ
ʱʧĵϵϢԽԽ£ۺմϵϢԽԽǻ͹򲻶ʧ
Ƭ̼䣬ǵΪʹӷ֮䵽۷塣
˿ޱȣ߰ʮͷӣƣӸҡ
ĵ̵һŸոյĵԴ¶ʵֿС
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ĵ۵䡣
ʧֻʣۺմۡ
ڵѾûյķɣȥޱȣʵ磬ǿʳ硣
˲ޱȵ¶˿ɬͣΪĵۻնɱǣû뵽ĵֻǳǵĵԴӣĵҪ˵ɹһʹˡ
Уĵ۾վƺʲôһ㣬Ƭ̼䣬һĨȷʵܹٵΪҲǽһƻʱˣֻҪҵΪһЩžŹһҵʵǿ󣬴ɾٻ¡
ĵƺѾԼΪ֮ݵ龰һʱЦ쳹


2448 
Ҷһ
ƽԭУһޱȵչĵشƬ˶ˣǶͷʡ
ڣŮҶСһ
ĵۣҪҸʲôĪҪõЩԴҶСüǰһʱ俴Ļǳ䣬֪ۺմˣ붼Ǵĵնɱˡ
˵ķǿ߶˴ĵУΪǣ֮ʮǰǿܶࡣ
ҶСӰ黯ʧ
ҶСʧŮ֪ĵҶСǻϾûȻǲ֪ҶСʽ
Уһɫ۵Ĵĵ۾ĵȴţƬ̺һɫɳ۵ҶС֡
ĿͶ˴ĵۣϲΪ
ĵģǿάĻҶ˵ллҶӦвٵĵԴڰɣ
ôҶС粻ɫʵȻΪ˵ԴƾʲôΪһὫԴ
ֶ֣Ϊ˵ԴսһͲõԴΪ治֪ôΪǴġ
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Ҳ֪ÿ˶ԼҪߵ·һ仰ҪеĵԴЩԴûáĵۺƽĿҶС˵
ŶʲôҶСʵ
ǺǣȻҸ㽻һİգŮ˰ɣĵ۵һЦȻһһ֮йճӰ
ӰʱҶСɫһ䣬Ӱ̺Ͱһɨ˹Ȼûڻ
һŴĵ˵ԴԸ㣬ȷǡ
ȽԴңּۻۣҲˣⲻһ߷ˣֻҪ㽫ԴңŮò棬Ǵ󷨣ȻΪ˴ﵽĿĲֶΣǺ˽ʱȴΪãοҾˮˮûʲôؼԵĳͻĵۿҶС˵һаյӡ
ڴĵһɫ·γһ󷨡
ãҴӦ㡣ҶСһڴӦԼõеԴ˴ĵۡ
ĵɫ¶һĨ˷ܣõЩԴʵһ¥
ЩԴ಻٣պãû˽أãȻܵ䣬Ů˾ͻ֡ĵ۽ЩԴҶС˵һ߽˴У漴ʧ
ҶСɫޱѿû뵽ĵ۾ȻŮвʵǴۡ
õЩԴʵ»ĸΪǿ󣬿ԺСˡҶС
󣬴ɢҫ۵Ĺâ̺ͰӰ֣˳ֵʱ󷨵ķĺȻ顣
С磬Ǹ鷳ˡ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ô˵ûбǣ̣ûΪǰɣҶС첲˱˻УһӷŮڣ鿴ûʲô׵ĵط´ĵۻŮʲôֽš
ûС̶ҡҡͷ
ǲΰǴߵģҶСʵ
Ů˵ͷ
Ҳû뵽ȻǴĵ۵ˡ
Ҳûмʱķص̫ˣû뵽Ǵĵ۵־ȻôҶС˵ͬʱﻹЩ⡣
ǰսûпʱ򣬴ĵ۵ıԻûб¶ΰѾΪķǿߣΪҲǿìܣ˵ǸʱĴĵ۸ûǸʸΰʵˣһҶС벻ס
С磬ҪҪѳǺƽԭ鴫ȥ׼ʡ
룬ҶСҡͷ˵ҪڴĵۼҪΪѾˣشĵѾŹǸ߲֪ͿˣûǸҪ
ѩӱһӾ˹
Ǻǣǻȥ
ҶСϼƣŮ˲뿪
ݣƻһڣһ˾ĵۣγһԲȦȶƯһŵԴ
һɹɹǺ͵Դһޱȵ͹Ź˴ĵ۵ڡ
ʱʧԴԽԽСĵϵϢԽԽֲ
СʱЩԴʧÿһĵ۶˫ĿбųµĹâϢޱȡ
ӣʵѾһˣҪΪͻƣǽЩȫںһ𣬿ӻҪһʱ䣬ܽںϡһĵվ
ĴĵۣҲǱ壬ĶǷ
ΰɣ
ͻȻĵʲôһ㣬


2449 ⾪
Ƭ̺һֲ·ΰӴ֮˽һľګһʵͽӣһ޻ũ
ˡΰŴĵ۹˹֣һܹӡ
һ̵ܹˣЩ겼һ壬߶ˣҪȻҪõҶЩԴҪһ򡣡ĵ۶ΰƽ˵
ϲΪ֪˻ҪЩʲôΰʮֹʵ
ҵΪҪΨн˴ںΪǿļҵΪΪһ㹱װɣĵϿµϢ֣ʱ䶼ˡ
ΰƽ¶˾֮ɫû뵽ĵ۾Ȼ֡
ĵۣôѵͲ
סڣҸǰ˵ûΰ˵꣬ͱĵĴˣĵۻһĳ
һƿΪȴѾԽʱĽޣΧʱѾˣֻʣ˼תȴκεķӦ
ΰУһֻڸأÿһָһ㣬ϵ·ɼÿ·ǹ۶ɵġ
ָſ䣬翪أֻʣһֻơ

ΰͻȻ䱬ǿƣֲ·Ϲ⻪䣬ӨӨڷ裬ʵ͵Ȼʧ۰һ
ܣһɽƾɣЩɽļ̺ǿܡ
ϧֻƵĽӽһɽ飬Ҳ˴Сǿѹѹߡ
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ΰըɢŨɢ۳һŵԴ
ĵſһŵԴͽڣҺܿ챻ա
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һѣȻвҡĵۺǲм˵һĨ⣬һ죬һκ֮ϣû˿ԿңҾңһ޶ңĵۡ
ĵ˫ȭգĿǼᶨ֮ɫ
Ƭ̺һȻָ˹ԭλã˾߷ΪһԲȦ
һĵϵϢϵһУǵĺȫһ£ɢϢһġ
֮Уƺһھڲתš
ʱһµʱ䡣
һº󣬴ĵ۵ı˫ĿޱȣǾ֮ϵķǣ˳ˮ·𲻹ʲô飬ܹٴ̼ˣҲƲƽ̬ˡ
ڸʱˡ
ĵ漴ĿǳϬžŹһȻ
˫ֿٵ趯쵽Ѿ˫˶Ĺ켣ˣ·˫Ȼ˫ϥϣȫûжǰһӡĳ˵˫ֵȷˡ
һ˲䣬ǰ˾߷ϣһƵľ͹һŴĵ۱ӿȥĵϵϢǡ
Ǿ͹򲻶ϵϴˢŴĵ۵ܹɸ͹
൱һܹʢˮ޵ģҪɸ˭ΨнӴƣڻһıӡ
ĵ۴ʱ״̬ڻһɹΪȻӺܶ౶
ʱʧǰ˾߷ϵϢҽ黯ƺʵת飬Ϊ˴
ʱһꡣ
һڣֻʣһĵۣķѾʧˣȫΪ˴͹
һգĵĿռ΢΢ȦȦԣʱʱɹֵ顣
Ȼ˫Ŀз·̺һһ㣬һֲɣ͸һдĸо
һɿֲϢɢϯؼ䣬һ̼䣬ںƽԭҶС綼ܵһɲħҲܵˡ
ڣĵվվ˲䣬ϵϢȫһϮɫԴӳϣ͹֯ɵĳۣÿһƶ·̺ϴ
ڿˣȫƬǿֻ֮ҪҾܹˣʱϵ£ΨҶƬǿУұϵĴڣʲôҶʲôħ𣬶µһĵЦ˫Ŀŷľ⡣
һ̼䣬оԼǿޱȣûʲôʱܹһ̼ǿƺѾ
ߣΪܹΪ㲻еһöӣӾӣû̵ֵģɣͻȻ䣬һڴĵڲ
һдһĨ䣬г
㡭ܣôڣʲôĵɫһ䣬ޱȵʵ
һ̼䣬õ䵽˵жǿ־壬ղԼΪﵽ־磬ȫû˷ܸУȡ֮޾Ŀ־塣


2450 ıں
Ѿ˵ˣҵһӣΪǸͲܡһЦӴĵڴ
㡭㵽ôĵ۵һĨʵû˱֪εĿֲ
ôѵڻ벻𣿡һϷʵڴ
ͻȻ䣬ĵĿеˣˣһֱֻõĶʲôֻҪİţҾͻҿҪ㡣
ȷʵΪǣҷѾ˺ܶ˼һӽ쿪ʼĵ۾ʹ䣬Ͼͻһޡǵٴ
㡭ôǿߵĵԴΪΪռЩԴΪ㲻ȥĵʵ֪ŭѾȫûˣҲƽ
Ѿ֪ˣڵֻһһѾпƬعΪһ壬ΪңǲΥһЩģҪȻңҲᱻĨɱ
Ȼں𣬵ⲢҪģҪϣֻһҪصҵļ磬Ŭնɱҵĵˡ
ƬǿѾҵĵ˷ˣҪͻƣΨвϵػۣǿҪʵԸΨнƬǿԲĵԴѼΪһ¯ǵ˵һĨʣһĨ
ԭˣô˵֮ǰĺöֶ¸ģĵʡ
ҪǿĵԴֻееԴںҰеĹҲܹں
ԭˣû뵽һжĹƣʱУ֮ԻôǿȫΪİţǽںǰЩǿߵĵԴȻ໥ɣΪһ¯൱һͭ¯Դͭ¯
ǰˣΪƻҵȴʱ̫ˣ֮ǰѡ˷Ҷϧʵ̫ˣҷʱѾҵƿأֻҪѡ㡣
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ˣҲʧʱˡһڴĵ
֮ʱĵ۸оԼƿƺɢ
ҲģҲģҪΪ֡ͻȻ䣬ĵ۾ֵϿµϢɢƺҪڵĳȫųȥ
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ͬʱһɿµĵ۵ȫգΪΪ
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ƽԭĳǳأڣҶСҲһĻ̧ͷ죬ƺܵʲôһ㣬ɫüΪء
ѵѵĿһֱ򣿡ҶСƺѾ²⣬˺ܶࡣ
߶ֻĪһ˵ĸоܶһ̼߻ħ
ʲô飿ѵعҪʲô仯ɣ
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һھ֮ϵĺ˸һ춯صУһƿֲޱȵɨƬǿգѹ硣
֮ˣΨдﵽҶСľŲܵκεѹơ
ʱںϵһһһĵںϡ
ܶΪ߶ܵԼڵľ͹һҩƿնȥģо·ٻЩ͹һ㡣
ãųǵĵԴҪɳȥˣҪΪնһЩҪȻԴͻɳȥǵΪҪˡͻȻ䣬ҶСɫһ䣬
һһͨŵλǰ֣ǣ֮£աľ۹ų˳ǰ
Ů۾촽һʲôӡ


2451 
Ůһʹ֮ɫͷ˺飬ǵϢҲѣ䣬ƺʲôҪԾһ㡣
ҶСĿâɢܹȫ͸ڵʱһεɢһץµһƵľԴͱ˳
һƵĵԴŮϵʹ֮ɫļ֡
ʮӺŮΪӷ֮䵽񾳣ĵԴֱƿնȥǱ˲һ㡣
ʱŮɫ԰ޱȣҶСȲѶǵĵԴеĳ룬ǵԪˣҪָ뾫ĵһʱ䡣
ǸоΣҶСĵʵ
Ѿöˣղ۳ĵԴǲܿһ㡣µ˵
Ҳ²ȷģһжһıѾ䣬ʧ磬еعӣѾҪںˡҶС
ʲô˼պĿҶСʣųͺľ۹ҲҶС硣
ǰ˭Ƕ룬ڸҲ޷ʵϣع⣬ڹ֮ϵ־Ƭǿյ֮ԲܹͻƵǻΪƬǿȫ˷ӡˣӡˡ
ҪƬǿУƬǿعںһǿߵ˵ǿ߲붼Ҫںϣͬʱɾһı
ʱ֮ǰģôֻΪҪۼԴȵʱ󣬽еԴΪһ¯еķǿֻӣղŵԴڵĶҲ֪صı仯붼ںϡ
ƽĹ۲죬˵ݣԼصľޱ䣬ҶСѾƲ˺ܶණѾһжǿı
ҶСһŮĿɿڴһ𾪣û뵽龹ȻνնɱǿɵǵĵԴΪ¾ȻǸı
û뵽龹Ȼо̫Цˣƴ֪һвǸƭ֣һֿյĸоտɬһЦһǿҵĿУ·ĳּᶨһ㡣
ûҶСΪȻǷǿߣ֪ҶСܡ
ʱƻһڣĵǾĿվ˿߷Ƭǿ֮£еĹ˿߾
ҲֻĵǾܹƬǿշǸǿߵ
ǵ򣬾ޱΪһµ֮£ֱӴԽգ˴ĵǾϣǣĵǾһ鶼ûУ·һϵı壬κζ޷
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ѾɹˡҶСжһĨأԷں򣬿϶ԹѾһ£ҲӴ˵Ѿ˺ܶࡣ
һԷʵͱüΪˡ
ȷʵɹˣںһƬؼй˿ߣ뵽˴ĵǾڡ
ڽĵǾһ˲䣬ǾɢĹ˿ȫһɹȫŴĵڹȥ
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ͻȻ䣬ĵ۵һ㣬ѳѷ죬ѷ콥һӤһС̥һȥ
һ̥µ壬Դĵһľ͹̥
ʱ̥˫ĿޱȣһĨаͲһӤһ˪Ƶˡ
̥ϸ۵ֱۻӶһĹ켣ɣʱ䣬һɹӿȫ̥ڡ
̥ϵĳɳϵϢҲڲǣתۼ䣬̥ѾˣϵϢޱȿ¡
һа֮꣬ڷīĹ⣬֮䣬ɽӱǨµת
Ǿֻʣһںǿߡ
Ѿڴĵ۵Ǹıҡޡ
ֻһ֣ޡ
ȴô£ǳɹˣӡ͵űƳɣƳӡɾ˶ҪҳݣҶħ𣬻λǶ볼ҡ
̧ͷǿɢɷžԵţһĵĽ


2452 նӡ
޵ʧ˴ڣɸ߿У̧ͷգĿϬޱȣܹƬǿգƬǿ֮
Ҳǳɾʱˡ
ƽڶΧĪĹ΢磬һжΪġ
أϵϢԽԽˣлһĨĸ߹󣬷·һǸ߸ϵĴڣ˸һȡ
ͻϢһ˼µƾγɣֱһ̼䣬ƺ˶ܵˡ
ݣǿֲ£ݹƺֻаݹŸܲǹɾ޴ѹ
ޣһ㣬վգ·鶼ܿܿȻѾʣֵĮһе̬ȡ
˻սꪣ졣
һ죬һɢǿƵİ˻սꪱУһѰ˻սϣµ·һƬУÿһϣӡ
һѰ˻սϿ֪ǲȻǿƥ
еľһעһѰ˻սϡ
ˡ
˻սꪷ·һ㣬ҵĲΧһϸ΢ѷγɣ쫷·ͨǿ߶Կˡ
һâڣƺȫ£һϣɢĹâͱˣ˻սꪾһڶһ㣬һС
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˫Ŀбųɳķâа˻սꪻӶɲǼķռ䳹ױֳ룬ع˿߸ֽһ˲䱻ϣƿصֱնƬǿ֮ϡ
ϡ
һײƬǿ˶һһЩеˣֱѪ
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һ׵۳Ӻб£ȫ֣ƺҪǿĥ

һҽ·ݣ֣֮ܶܵΪһɥֲ׵£ҷ
һжѣЩӶ˵ϣͲں
޵ҰУƬǿ֮⣬ķӡնһ˲䣬γɡ
һĻʱ޵ɴ۾˿ֻš
ܣһܹնӡںƬǿе򣬶ѾȷʶΪնֵ飬û뵽ոնһûüĶһָֻˡ
һҪնϣһҪ䡣
ٴδһа˻ս趯˾ŵӰÿһӰеĹ򶼽֯һ磬ھŵӰںһٴκݺն·ҪƬǿշΪһ
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һÿ֮Ҳݺݲһ£ƺĳֶҪһ㡣
ǿ֮⣬նһһȱڳ֣һɲƬǿյϢб£漴˳Խ֮Ϣһ̼䣬޾Ǹ߸ϵףһ䣬׺ɣƿ
ɹɹˡ
ʮ־ϲı˺ܶʱΪľôһ죬ԼܹɾˣȻʮ˷ˡ
ϧΪ˷֮ʱѵνϣǹɲƬǿյϢҲʧǹɳԽ˷֮ϢҲʧ˻ص˷֮
ϻžϲ֮ɫޣһӽסˡ
ôôӦˣҶѾ˽ˣΪѾնһӡԶ޸ѵ˵ʲôԵʲɣʧ˵
¶˲ʣӵôֶΣΪһ̼䣬ںòնӡȴ顣
˿һֻеĳ嶯ôѾô£ٶҲν
飬Ū򣬾Ͳܵ˵
ƺΪ˳ͷ޵Ķƻ˿̣֮ϣγɵб£䣬֮Щݡȫȼ
ܶ߸ոһմȾ𣬾Ϊޡ
޵ĵȽƻһң·ܵĪĽһ㡣
޺ʹߣȵȸָպͳɢ
ط߶̻̲Ψ췣֣ͬʱܶ߶޴ѡ
Щ飬޶ȻⲢϵĿѹͲЩ
ϣʼûбҪΪ


2453 ˣʯ
޵ǵƬǿʱ˶ܵˣҶС磬֮ˣĸоһ̽ȥͷ϶ŵһѳʧˡ
ϻ֮أһɽͨ죬˻Եֲɽϵ޶ǻ·Ͳʺ档
ϻ֮أϻôһط֣ɽĵطõǡ
ƽûע⵽ɽ壬ڶУⲻһɽѣûʲôֵùעġ
Ǵ˿̣ȴɢĲ΢΢ɽϣЩǸܵʲôһ㣬׷ӴܣһΪ־һ㣬׷˻
ɽڲȵҽȣҽɫӺɫһֱαΪ˳ȻϣϺ죬ɫı仯ҽ¶ҲǽߣеϺɫĽһķǿ߽УֱӻΪޣ·ϺҽͲӦôһ㡣
ҽϺɫҽһĨɫӰ̾ᣬһֻ񣬴˿һֻͻȻ䣬ӣſϺɫҽг
ড
ذ˷һڲϵɢһѪĸ߹ϢɽϴɲǼ䣬ϻ壬֮ˣޣһĨ־壬һɽݹ
Ѫѹǲòݹ
ɽϣеֲήɫɽΪ˺ɫ·ǳȵĸ£һ˲䱻һ㡣
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ˣȻ񻰴˵е񡣡
һϿ˪˶ԶһϺɫӰӼ˵
һ̼䣬嶼ǸܵһӰĸ߹һϢ·Ǵĳַӡһ㣬ǹ˵Ϣ
ݼ˴ˡַ׷׳ɫ䲻Ǽ𾴣ĵ𾴡
ڴͬʱܶж֮ɫ˵飬ֻ񻰴˵û뵽ʱܹˡ
˱ޱȵĴڣܹԡڻѱ䣬ÿһΣΪᱩǡ
˵Ƭسʱһ콾֣˾һӹŽ񣬿ϧǸԻͲõʱįˣ񻰳Ϊ˴˵ȴʵ
˵עУһϺɫӰ׷ףΪһŮӣŮϺɫʷϼۣټΪ£йâתһָ߹֮ɢüһɰ绪޹¡
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ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ĿͻȻϬҲӱ䣬Ļڳˡ
ͻȻջĿ⣬˺ƽԭķû뵽ʱУȻҲֽܳǵҪܶ౶Ҳѹе鶼ʱˮʯ
˾ѵͬһʱ̣ĮҲ΢΢ò˷츲صı仯ܶɳ˹֣ܶ๵ֱɳ
Į𶯣һ˵һ㣬һĶʸС
ܶɳе޶˳ƺɳڲܲȫһ㡣
ЩɳĮеĿɮһɫ䣬ͣ˽ŲĵȴĮı仯
ˡ
Įĸˣ·Ӱ쵽˺ܶ˵˵̲סһ
Įǧ׵һϰɵʯ񻺻·ҪĮһ㡣
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ͻȻ䣬ʯѳһѷ죬һƤ£ʯһƤʱǰһĻúܶ˶ˡ
һˣߴޱȵľˣû˿ȴſµļ·Ӷ䣬ܹΧ顣
ʯڻعˣʱӭҰɣ
˴һ췢ŭһ㣬һ֮ķУһ׵֮γɣݺݵʯϡ
ޱ𾪵Щ׵֮ȻֱӾͱˣܹÿһϸǿȶǿ
ͻȻ䣬ȻСζ˴Сӱ濴һͨһ㣬ڵĿռһ΢΢ųУ˵һӵеѾﵽƬǿɵĽޡ


2454 
ʯϵϢΪˣϯĮж˾η֮С
ڻǳ𣿡ʯ춢ݵķ˵
һ˾ʧûκεͨǿޱȵǿд򿪿ռ䣬дУЩ񱩵κ
ͬʱԭһɽϵıǧ׺񣬺ΪˣƺѾĽˡ
˵ǵ棬ʵֻ˵Ǳ㣬ǺıǼ֮ˮЩ¶ȸͣƺֻҪմȾһ㣬Ὣ˱ס
ǧ׺ı֮£֮ˮһȶ·Ѿһ㣬ǹҪΪʯˡ
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ͬһĹϲһ·ⶼع֯ɵ·
һǲ绯ʯȫ֮ʱһɫĻһ
һɲǣһεγɣΧļ֮ˮȫųγһһٶƽ׵Ŀռ䡣
һеĻԽԽȼյĸˣԴûڻС
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ڣǻɫȫ˰ɫɫĻ棬ϵϢΪǿˣɢȥ
ʱԭϣе͸ܵһļ¶·ʲôµ鷢һ㣬һ̻̲
֮ˮǾԴϵİɫԽԽҫۣȻ䣬ųޱȴ۵Ĺâ·Ⱦ֮ϵջҪ財
ڹâʧϵİɫҲʧˣȴһöɫᾧڲƺһȶ
Ȼɫζ˰ɫᾧ̺Ϣӿ£ƺֻҪԷһܹ
Ѿҹˣٺ١һðҰҵ˵Ǻ΢ײ
þû˵Щϰˣ˺ǸһҲˣûʱҪˡ˵
λòǺеǿ΢Ŀƿ
ǡ
һվ˿ܣһͨԶ֣·ڻӭһ㣬һ漴ʧ˵ĳ֣һĴҲҼįˣͷųԼǿޱȵƣƵ
ںƽԭҶС磬ĸܵһһɿµϢ֣ϷЩ˵Ϊ¶
ΪƬǿյĸֻҡħǸˣû뵽ֶĸˣĴΪȻô࣬治֪ġ
ҶСһ˵ֲõ˵ϻıһľĸоԭˣֲѪϾ֮ǰ񣬴˵еĴڡ
Щ˶붼ʱˣҲǸıȻװţֱǸų֣ǵĿ궼ǸˣҲһҪȥݿС
ҶС黯
ݣһĿƬǿ֮ӡ˺ܾãûΪλƲӡ
ѵҴ޷Ƴӡ޺ܲĵ
ƳӡͲܽôͱûˡ
Ϊı˺öʱҪںϣҲ첻ˡ
ܹ֮ںϣȫΪʱʵΪǿѾ۷ˣֻǷ֮ѡ
У뾡취ǣҪȻ»䣬ϾڻûƬǿգάع򣬸ޱȣ仯Σ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô顣
ڿʼżˣһжԼƿ֮󣬵ڣһжƿأδģ壬˭Ҳ͸ͷ·Ǳǿͨˡ
ͻȻ䣬·Ƿʲôһ㣬ɫǱüΪѿĿ⼫Ϊ䣬˵û뵽Ƕû
ûȫŪ࣬ôأû뵽һıԭȻ㲻ҪƬǿյٴνڻһһ𣿡
һˬʺƴ漴һƤµʯг֣Χ΢΢𵴣ǿġ
ţһʷϼȹķҲˣ绪˫һӵ·ѾƬǿա
һõĹҲ֣Χ֣ˣӦ˵öռ䣬ȫƬռ䡣


2455 ҶС
ȻѾܵΪǿ󣬵ǳֵһ˲䣬ɫǱ˱䣬ϸܵ˲Ϣ
㵱ƭңΪɥ֮£û뵽㾹Ȼ׵ĳ޶ʯ˵Ŀ䣬䣬Щɵ
ڵѾںˣǸʱȻ˵֣ͨӰܹġ
һѾ򣬲ҽĵ۵һҺǵںϡ
˵ڴһ߸ϵĴڱΪ˻ˣҲϲ
Ҳûƭ㣬ѵ㲻֪Ҳ죬أҲŹֻԼҴԼţֻбҲΪҪģֻҪлһѪҺһëڣҾͿԶ֮Ԫʯ쿴޺ƽ˵
˺͹¶һĨ֮ɫƺû뵽ʯĵ·Ȼ˶أͻ̰Եͼᶨ
ûмǿ־򲻳һ·
˶ǲͬʱ콾ÿ˶Լĵ·˲Ű޵ĿƣҲǻһԭ
ˣǵãʱҾͿĲרʮͬһȼĸֺһսû뵽һսиû޽Ŀת˷ˡ
⻹Ҫл㣬Ҫ㣬ҲУСһƵᣬֵزἰȥ飬Ѿȫûˡ
ٺ٣˵ôʲôΪı˺ܶʱͷȴһգȻ޷Ƭǿ֮򡣡ֶص쳹Ƭռ䣬ǳ֮⡣
סڣܻҵ취ӡɾġɫЩ񣬺ʣһ仰޵ʹ
ʧζӦúܺܰɣʱǱ仯ʱδһƬģǶ޷δδĹ켣˭ܹΪ֣˭Ҳ֪㣬ңҲˣٺ٣ʱΪʵʱٴοЦһ˵
㡪ҡ
޶Źһһֵ˵ȻһиյĶʱ䣬Ƭվͱֳ룬ҲŹڵλӶȥ
ƿ޷һ㣬ûжܣһӣȫ֣·ѾƬʱˡ
ǿռ䲻ѿ˹ǶԹûκεӰ졣
ռָʱ䣬ֻصռ䣬˲໥̽ĹѣûսҪȻֺƴĳܹƻ
ôʱ䣬˵ԱǶᶨû뵽ĻȻôһ㶼ȣ㻹ֵܽԭ֮һޣƽ˵
ȴһѪĳ嶯ŪúԼһСָоΪ
˭ѣȻѾˣͳɣͷ¶βɲʲô顣ͻȻ䣬ķռ䣬˵
Ȼ첨ˣΪղ޳֣оΧ˴ڡ
ͻȻôһǿĸ֣ޱ𺳣Ҫ֪ڸʶ棬й˵츳ûܹﵽΧʮڵĿռ仹֣ȴôһˣôܹأ
ڹ֮ʯ졢˺޵ɫѿԷȻߵУ̸ܲ˾
ĴڣȻܹҵĴڡ
ͻȻ䣬һһ̣ҶСӰͳ֣˵Ŀ˵
㣬û뵽㾹Ȼɳֵز֪ˣӦýնɱˣѾɳвҵĵزɫޱ˵
ɱңͲɱһ㶼ڶʱ޷ҶСʮƽ˵
漴һˣɫӵ˵û뵽ϣżΪֻ֣ǲ֪ûصĸ֣ǻ̡
ҶСǶЩ
ϵϢӦʱĸ֣ʱܹ˿µĵزǼǿˣСֵܣʲô֣ҽʯ졣
ʯһ˵ҶСŽʮֺˬ
ˡ˿ҶС˵
ǹٺ٣ԽԽˣʱ㵽ģȻֵܹزȻЦɭ̬ϻǺͰ


2456 Ŀ
ҶС֣ʵǿĸֶһܣҲʾҶСϿɡ
ºƽԭҶҶС˵˵ͷȻĿͶޣķĻı£ҪͬʱɾϧˣĴעǲʵֵġ
ƬǿûбӡĻ׾ͻƵҪͻȴЩѶȣأƬǿѾӡˣ֮ҪɾͲܣΪںϵĵԴ˵׻ع򡣡
ȻعѾӡܹͻƣѾԼĵǵĵƬǿգ¾ȫΪ֣Ҳᡣ
ҶСܱ䣬ҲһĨ
ܣҲţһܹͻƵ޳ҶСһ֮ɫ
ʵѾˣ𣿡ҶСٴε˵
΢΢һ˫ɢޱаĹâ䣬ҶСϷһƺ֮ɫƺ̫ļڴں֡
Ȼƻĺܺãϧƻ仯δԶǶģûܹһȫƿأܹһѾǳԽĸˡ
һջĿ⣬ȴ̾һ㣬һ㣬¾Ͳˡ
ЩΪ˿ҵЦɣĿһɨʡ
ȻǣǾҪ֪ǸĻıһеǸ˾ôһˡʯ쵭Ŀһ˵
Ǹʱ֪һЩ޵ıȷʵܺޣ޲ֱӽԷնɱϧǸʱû
ô꣬ٴμʱǿҵɱ˺ܶ࣬ΪҲһǳˣȻԷı£ȻûнڻԺںϵʱ
ߣսսҿԼ·ʲô·ĿһɨҶС˵
Ѿ˵ˣǲǿѣûдҪһսҪһսǷ㣬Ȼʵǿ˵£Ҳܹ˵뿪ʯ˫Ŀ絶Ѫȣǿ˵඼
һʷϼȹ޷ԹģǶʮ۵ķĿпµĻȼգƺ˲ͻܹޱǿĹ
еİɫ΢΢𶯣ΧһӣҶСȻһƶûУȴ˼ɵޱȡ
˵ĶޱȳأȻԸΪʵǿ󣬵ǰ˶ǲͬΪͻĸ֣ÿһ˵ʵնɱĻҪȫѣˡ
ߣһҵͻİ취ͻƵ֮ʱɨһˣ˷·ΪعƬռеعΪһ壬˲ʧˣɢҲֲ޵Ӱˡ
ʧ໥ţû뿪
Ǹղ֮ûжΪûǸҪ־磬ǵıˣڳʲôģҷһߣȵͻг𱨳ԹԹҲ١
ڲ֪Ļ˭ʱҶСҳǸĻ߻һеˣȻնɱԷǵִʧˡ
֪ΪҪĲնɱ˭ͻƣ
˵һֱϵͻȻ䣬˿ҶСʣת˱ϵָо
ҶС˵ͷϻɽɭֱȽ϶࣬кܶԴǺƽԭͨݡĮŦϻĺǶкô
ԺϻȻƽԭϵ䡣˵һ䣬ȻͳĬ
ҶĮԴƶԺҪཻʯ쿴ҶСЦ
˺͹ĿⶼЩ⣬ʯǾ仰Ѿ˵ˣӴ˺Įĵˡ
Ҫ֪Į̫ƶˣȱԴΨһḻǿˣѡֵطȷʵ˺⡣
۹⿴ңȻ֫ǲ˵ԺҵˣǻԸҡʯЦЦ˵
Ȼˣôԭ͹ˡŹâȻҲŭ
ݵ飬Ƕû˵˴˼䣬ٲ֣Ҳ֪֮ͳһݣҪȻԻᱻֹ
η֪˶꣬ŵ磬ʱȻѾ磬ǽɽ˲ųŹâҶС˵
ⲻѣοʱֻһһΪǿ˴ڡ
ҶСǫ˵


2457 ı
Ŷʱѵкһţʯʵ˺͹ҲĿͶҶС硣
ǶҪ֪绹Щ֡
һĴħ𡣡
ҶС绺˵֪ΪΣܸоħĸ󻼣ħϻʲôһ㡣
һ壿
ʯɫ΢΢һ䣬·Ҳ֪һĿһ㣬˺͹˵ɫҲ̫ÿ·𶼱һסˡ
ѵһ廹ûǵǸʱʱ򣬾һһΣĸֺȫնɱˣû뵽Ȼиִڡ
ü΢壬ƺԾһǼɵ
ǸʱǼʮ֣˾磬һĸȫնɱΪѾˣ˭뵽Ȼ硣
ʯҲЩ˵
ٺ٣նɱ˷ֺû˵ĻôǱ˴˶໥ģҪһնɱȫɱһաһЦ˵
ǻ֪ǱߣһƬطѾھһˡҶС翴һ˵
˼ѾǳˣǾǼֵһĸȫݻ٣ǸҪħҲնɱ
ߣȥ
ʯҶСһۣȻ鵽˫һץݺ˺ѣһͨǰһ˾ʧˡ
УҲְֻԵֶδԽռ䣬˴˶ˣȻ֪ҶСĿģȥڵľһ壬бҶСƳĴħ
˻Ϊһ棬ȼȥҶСٺһЦ·𲻴ռ䣬Ȼʧ
Ƕ뿪˺ҶСνģҲʧݡ
򣬾һĵ˺ܶ౶һضǹħϮϣȻԭĽòһ˶ûУеֲﶼѾ˺ɫҲ˺ɫ
ħһأɫǱħ֣Ϊ
ƬħϿգ֮ҶС硢˾վһͷ·Ĺħ
ħǿȣ¾Ѿ˺ܶǿߣħԽǾǿ߾Խࡣʯɫص˵
ȻĿҲһЩС飬Ͳ֣Ҳ뿴类һռһռ飬ȻԸ⿴һǿʢ
ѵ˵Խĸ־ԽࣿҶСɻʡ
ȻģϹ˵ģ໥ͳһģܷôƽڼ䣬Ȼĸ֡ʯ͵
ҶСüͷɻʣôѵԺʲô⣿
ȷʵ⣬ԴӾֺͨ󣬾һĸֻǿߣֵҲǺܶࡣ
ҶСʵʵ˵
ܣֻôһ֣϶ĸ֡ʯֱӷ񶨡
Ҳ˵ͷ˵ȷʵ̫ˣǸʱľһֱȽٵ̫࣬ʱΪһʱûǸʱʱһп϶ʲôܡ
ԾһĸԵԸ˴֣һ磬նɱ֣Ϊղôһ˵ˣѵ˵ʲôıɣʯ
ٺ٣˵Щʲôãȥһ˲֪ŲжΣգҾͲŻסĸ˲ɣһЦ˵
âɢ·ǹħɲǼ䱻ɢһƬһƬħΪ˾ʧؼ䡣
ҲţϽ֡
ĿͶˣЩ΢΢ˬ˵
ãҿһʲôܡ
ʯˬһЦɢ˿ֲϢȻ󣬱Ϊϰɸߵľˡ
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һֻ޴ƺݺ£ɲõƣʵĴڣڲ̺ſֲ
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һֻ޴ƹ켣ϵĹȫѣݣħѸٷֽ⣬ƺܲסǹɿµѹ
ÿµѾԼˡ
ҶСЩ𾪵Ŀʯ죬Է̫ǿˣͨ򶼵طסԷǿ
սûһĶ֡ҶСٴθ̾
ʱ˿ҶСһ̶ָۣɣҫŵĹ⻪һš
ƺһɻԵ
ƻӶǶͷɵ˹ħУոյħѸٱзǰСţһɷĻӺӶ
̡
еĺȼ˾


2458 ħ
˵Ŀ¹ҶСһǵʵֲޱȣÿһ˶ԼصĴ
ʯߵһĵ·ϵشԼԼﵽÿһϸڶ̺־ľҪնɱǽ׵ն𣬲һϸҪȻ¹ǧֻ꣬¹
ߵֻҪ֮ϨͻһΣΪͻøǿ
ڹ׵Լʣ˹ĹǳȻҶСȼ˶ԣܹ֮꣬Ķ֣ҪնɱͱҪ׵նɱ꣬ҪȻҲ¸
ҶС磬֮Ŀǰ˵ľûдﵽԲһﵽԲ˼еֻ֮Ҫ绹ڣôͲ
׼ȷĹѾƬǿյƣпܳɾھҪ˭һΪ
ҶС˵ʵȻǿޱȣĹûƬǿյƣѾע
ûı仯һҲܳΪǿˣ˴ӡ
Ȼﻮ꣬ǧǱһʧҲعĴۡ
Ҷѵ׼ôһֱȥ𣿡ͻȻҶСʵ
Ҳ΢΢עҶС磬Ҳ뿴ҶСʵΣȻܹܵҶСʵĲǸܵһ£ۿһ¡
ǶûжˣҲǾȻǲ͵ҾҲͻ塣ҶСЦ˵
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ҶСɢϼ·ЩħĿһ㣬ֻҪϼ⣬׷ɢЩԶħֱݣ׷óһ·ƺܺҶСɢϼһ㡣
ʲôȻ˿¡
ҶСһϼúܶħɢѸݣ˶󾪣һĻ̫ˡ
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˺ʯ˿ҶСĿҲͬˣϸ˵ӦҶСʵõǵϿɡ
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ˣпܳΪˣ˺пܳΪѡ
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ֵĺ£ħɢֱɢУħһɫǱʹ飬Ϊ˾
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ħľ̶Ͽһ϶к֣ܶһЩ˾Сʯž⡣
ڶҶСĻһȷʵһֵ֣ʵȻǣҲ
ķʢҲƲһʲôܡ


2459 ϳ
ħֺȽնɱȻ翴֪ΪΣһֲ̫õԤУǲܹܣôǶ䡣
ҶС綢ŹħɢſֲϢĳǱǳƽ˵
ҶСôһ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬־磬һڤڤ֮еĸӦܹӦԼĵϦ
ȻûҶСܵôҲܵһЩ
ǳֺƺһƬһɿµϢž˵ҶС磬ƺҪҶС˵һֵϢ
һĴϢʵȷʵͦǿġҶС˵ͷ˵
һ͵ˣͽУΪ˱ǵ壬ȴͷųԼǿơʯ쿪˵
ҶСͬĵ˵ͷ
ʱǹħз˾޴ı仯еħɫĳǱڣһƬطڻָûбħȾʱ򣬺ϵĺɫʧЩȾĺһʱ̼ȴ޷ָ
ƺԵĶһ㣬Ҳָǰ
ûжõʱ䣬޴ĺɫǱ飬ȫһգɫǱƺʧȥ֧һ㣬ȫΪ˾漴ʧ
Ǳ뻯Ϊһ޴ĺڶеħȫգǹħʧʱһӰ¶˳
һӰȫɫâбųһɴſ¸ʴԵϢɢ˳죬Ǵħ
ħһȦȻĿͶҶСϣȻվһɺƴϢֱһϢ·ҪȫΪ֮ء
ܶ߶ܵһϢܶɫòҰޱȣǷ·Ǹܵʲôһ㣬һ̱˵ϣЩ˾Ȼֱ߻ħˡ
Ҷּˣ֪Ϊʲô硣ħҶСʵ
ΪһˡҶС绺˵ܹܵħΪ˺ܶࡣ
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ˣҪŬٵΪҪһ㣬֮вܹ򣬲ħɻûоͲҪ̸һͨͨƽ񲻸ʵڣ
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һǿҵվսɢս⣬ͽƬռеĹȫųһ̼䣬ħһǧʱֺҲһ򵱹ĪİԵ
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ħһؼ𣬴ĺذ˷
ħӿʵ֮״̬תΪʵ״̬ЩħʵһɫγɣһɫϿ˹ϵ滨ƣƺܹĹϬӾˣ
ҶС˵֣ǿĴħһʼԼ״̬֮սԲܹ⣬΢ע⣬ͻҪ
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֮˵Ŀֱ֮ϡ


2460 Ƴħ
һȵϢɢΧĿռȻȼϺɫȫ֣ԡ֮Уǣ˫
֪һȻɢģǿռ򱻵ȼʱĻ档
˲ͬǣҶСһͨˣһ˿Ϣûɢ·أȴžһ
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ʱҶСѾ˴ħħУħУһһֹ˶Թĸı䣬жĿơ
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ʵȻô࣬һµˡҶСһƬأϴκʹħսʱԷûô£ȴÿޱȡ
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ʱ򣬷˵ޱ࣬ȴһֱɱһһ㡣

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ֵϣһôħ˱λҶСҲСĴ󶥼ֵϡ
ҶСΪҪնħܿҪʱ䣬ڿҪնħò˶೤ʱ䡣
Ϊ۹ȻǳҲǿܶ࣬ͻħš


2461 ս
ֲϣǳֵʱԵüΪ˳֣ʱãôħһ˺ܶħ
һʼսѾˣȵﵽΪҵʱ򣬻֪ʲôأ
Ļ꣬ɢӰ־ľʧ硣
ʱ򣬹·ֵһ㣬̺һĲǴһԽƬǿյĸϸ
ͻȻ䣬ħʵ΢΢һɫӿЩͣһƾħɢһ
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ҶСͷ΢΢һڹµĹֹ죬˷ʤ
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Ǻɫϣħӿһɵγɣ赲ŹǹĹˣڹĹܵ˺

ҶСһ죬һƿն·ж˹һ㣬Ǿ߷ƵģͨĹܹõı
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һ˲䣬ҶСɢһâն˹Խʱռľ룬նһħϡ
ħ飬ħɢΪ˾һħǼٵġ
һĻ˵˶üǲҶСʵֻôһ㣬Ȼжϲħ٣˲ͬĴħһȻлЩɻ
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2462 
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Ƭؼ䣬һħӰڵǾǹ»ҰһЩħӰججûһǣֻбܣԼͬ࣬׳ԼֻЩΪһħӰŵǣ˼
Ǿ𣿹ȻǳӶǴӵʼڲϵսɣ棬֤ЩܹħӰɲǿĴڡΧЩħӰҶС̾һ˵
ҪСһ壬ϣǾҰһֻ֪նɱΪʵϣƶѾȼֻ磬һƬطͱһħӰƹţͷϣǿħӰһ㣬γɭϵĵȼ൱ڽ͵Ĺģʽʯо
ɢûжãԾһһ˽⡣
һˣӵսǼÿʱÿ̶սΪԼǿΪ˲ɣɵıԽγɣ͸ı䲻ˡ
ǽʧһѡ
ߣȥطʲôǿߣڣֻ۷ĴڣΪǱԵԵʡ
ʯȻѡһ򣬷жȥ˶ȥ


2463 
ޱȣȫµĹھӼңӳ㣬ܹĸһսǿᣬǻĸ֡
ӾԵĵش˵ɫǳÿ˵ĸֺܶ࣬Ǹּ١
;Ȼһĸ˺ܶ౶񾳵ĸҲ٣۷ĸ̫ˣһƬڣֻнѡ
ž۷ֶûʧһ񾳸ֶࡣ
ܣôֻôһֶ֣ȥ˺ܶطʯһص˵
ʱѾ˾羺Ϊҵĵطﶼ񾳸֣Ȼ񾳸۷Ĵȴ࣬ƺ񾳸ֵȡ
һǳأΪķʽɣֻҪɵԷܹΪ˵ּҵľУᵮܶ۷ĴڣʵϣǺܶࡣ
ĪǾһ۷ֶ¶һĨ֮ɫ
һ϶ʲôܣϸ鿴һҶСŹâ˵
˶˵ͷȻھѲһһز鿴ţǸûв鿴ʲô
һѿ֮ɫķʧ磬ھͨڴ˶Ĭˡ
ܾʲôıֻԲӦ䣬ŬԼΪܹʲôıǶܹӦԡþãſ˵
ԣ˺ܶ࣬ƺҲͷʹޱȡ
˶û˵ûйö뿪ˡ
Ѿھ鿴˺ܶʱ䣬ȻûκͷǾۼҲ޲ֻҪɢȥ
ҶСص˺ƽԭ󣬻ָԭ࣬Ů죬ȴЩȥѣȻںΪ
˵ƽԭȻûʲô仯ĮҲһݣֻռƻƬططҲûȥӹܣҲ֪Լ̫֣ҪȻͻ˵Ĺ
ԴƳƬǿ֮ļʧܺ޾͵͵ƺ֪ԼҲû˵ʲô취
ʯ졢ҲûʲôһּΪƽĸоƽƽǱ꽫Ҫǰƽ
ƽ˸оѹ֣һεѹ֮У˺ܶࡣ
ƺԵ˶׼ʲôı仯
һ죬ҶСںŮһźзϷˮһ˽лһĨˡ
ʲôˣţĽѩʣУˮҲҶСŮˣ֮仹ûнһķܵĹϵ
ԴҶСӡ˺ʧͨ󣬺Ů֮ˮžͻصȻÿһʱ䣬ͻ»صƽԭ
ΣܲԾĽѩʻŮ˲ԾһĿͶ˹ҶСҲһɻ֮ɫ֪ʲô顣
Ҷˡˮһ֮ɫ˵
ʲôˣ˵żҶС˵
񣬺Ѿˡˮһˮг˱ͽ
ʲôˣǵĴ񣿡ҶСޱȵʡ
ˮŵ˵ͷǳʹ࣬ǳġ
ĪʱһֱŵĴ񣿡ҶСƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ˮš
˵һĸоҪʲôһ㣬һʱ䣬ָһľѧҪҳΪķǿߣգʧˣҸоѾˡˮźܳʵ˵
о䣿ҶСüʣƺЩ̫ˮŵ˵
֮ŶصĸӦǺ˺ңѾ˴϶Ϊһĺˣ֮ЩϵϧڽǹϵͻȻʧˣǰȥѰҺʱѾʧˣڣĺۼ
ҶһҪ溣˱𡣡ˮˮ촽˵
ҶСĬܹоˮϵĲϿˮû˵ѡ
ӵĴˣ˭նɱ˵ĴΪȻΪһ㣬Ҫڲκ˲նɱĴ񣬾Ҷ첻ô˵նɱĴΪǿܶ࣬ҶС
ʧôĸִеĻ˭еһ𣿲ᣬӦòǣȴ˭أҶС˼顣
ߣȥܷܲʲôƬ̣ҶС翴ˮ˵
ˮ¶һĨϲȻʹĵͷ


2464 Ϣ
򣬵һɱ˵ϢܶຣĪıҲ֪ǳʲô飬⻰оھѹȡ
ҶСˮ˶󣬺ĸоһУıóҲ˺ʵ
񣬾һı񣬱ˣĳŦĸӦӶŻָӵв
ҪģһˮʯġҶС簲οһ֮ɫˮš
ˮźܹɵĵ˵ͷ
ߡ
һϼ⽫ȫȻУѾʹҶСʹλüΪûжʹ
ոտʹһɳصϢӿ·ӢȾˡ
ʹڣ˿Щ˵Цÿ˵üĿ䶼Űƺһʧȥ˾֧ĸо
ʹǰ޴ĺѾˣƬһأˣܶһȻݣԼе𾴺ͷŭ
оׯµգҶСһԲˮŵĴ£ʹĹ
ƺ֪ҶСһ㣬ʣҲʣѾӭӡ
ӭҶݹһ塣
ΪҶСһʮ¡صڣϴЦݣȻҲЩΪʣһͳߣܹԼĵ¶˿ıˣ
ΪԼˣΪȨߵĺʷ˺ܶࡣ
Һѣο۽̨Ƴɹкʵһ빦͡ҶСЦЦ˵
һ⻰˫ĿһҶС仰ѾԼԶźʶİʲôҪһǺϣĻ
Ҳṩһֲ϶ѣؼǷҶˮƽߡüЦеǳƺɢ˺ܶࡣ
ͺʲ߳ҶСֱӿ˵ʣΪ˺֮ǰʲô춯
ûУԷȻܹնɱôΪһǿޱȣҵΪûǸܵʲô춯ҡҡͷ
˵Щԥ˶˵һ鵹ֵע⣬ʹҪλõЩƺڳǰʧһʱ䣬飬Ҳû⣬Ǿں˱Щʧˣ֪¸˵ʧûйϵ
ʿҶСʣƺҶСܷܲʲô
ȴȥסĵطһ˰ɣ˼Ƭ̣ҶС粢ûлش𺣻ʵ⣬ֱҪ
ãסĵطʱһĽأֻŶܹȥŶȥɣʵͷӦ
ҶҴȥ
ˮŽĿͶҶС磬дŵΣƺҶСܹ֣溣ʱ
ʵҶСѾһѰҺʣΪغ壬ҶСûеж˴졣
ˮŵİ£һ˴ȣɽȵȣ˺סĹ⡣
һ·ϣϣǼɽڶ˾ķģЩĻŹâûر߷ʽԻϷ޴ķӦ
ҶˮָǰĹ˵
ҶСͷȻ˹ȥš
֨
ųضɳ֮еĿҶС粻üƺܵʲôס
߽ҶСĿ磬עŴڣһţǺʱõĶ
һҶСĴڵһĲ鿴ţƺҪȫ͸һ㡣
Ҷ㿴ʲôûУҶС鿴˺ܾãˮŲʵ
ҶС˵ͷ˵ȷʵЩ⣬ľʴŶüΪľϴɵģϴʱ򣬿ŵͲܴµĲɣиһֳĺǵĺһ㡣
жϢϢ޴ڣնɱġ
ľ»ܲڵϢѾıˣԷʵǿޱȣȴûа취ıϢˡ
Ȼ߶ԷԼûзǹϢ
ܹ˭նɱ˺𣿡ˮųڴʡ
ˮŵҶСҡͷЦҪʧˣҸжϲλǿµ֣Ǹ˻һֱڰҲĻ֮ˡ
ô˵лˡˮźǸм˵
߰ɣ㸸һЩ顣
ҶС˻⣬ƺˮžС
ô֪Ҷɲ鿴ʲô
ҶСˮŸո߽ʾȲʵ


2465 ɶ
ҶСҡҡͷûв鿴ʲôرõĶѿȷʵгնɱ˵Ĵ񣬵Ĵʵǿޱȣû뵽Ȼᱻնɱ˵ԷΪǳ£ѾԽˡ
Ȼǿĸ֣
ʳԾ˵ʧƣҲ֪˺֪ܶ࣬ʧǿߣǿߵΪǳ£ѾԽһķǿߣΪķӡ¶ܹ
ǰ֪ЩʧٵĻ֮ǰػЩطҶСٴʵ
ǽظӦ˳նɱЩɣʺǲȷ˵
Ŷ
ҶС絭ĵ˵ͷû˵ʲô
˲һʱ䣬ҶС뿪ˣ뿪ʱˮš
ǺʵҪ֪ǺܰȫҶСˮȥҲΪԼŮİȫǡ
Ҷûзʲô𣿡غƽԭ;УˮһǳĶҶСʵ·Ѿ֪ҶС緢ĳЩһ㡣
ҶСһˮţЦһ㣬ȷʵһЩնɱĴĸʵǳǿҿҲǶ֣ܹ֮ô֪ģǲĳ󷨣ʧ󷨡
ʧӦöǣ治֪Էλ֡
ҶСüĿ¶һĨǳ
ּʧ簵лһǿޱȵĸִ֣ûԷô϶ʲôͼı
ѵҪЩȫնɱɣ
ҶС
ʲôˮŶҶСʣˮӴһĨɻ
ûʲôֻ뵽һЩ̫õĶˡҶСЦЦװûʲôµӡ
ҶС绰ˮûȥʣЩУҲܹҶСԵѹܴǿޱȵĸҪʲôĻûܹ赲
صƽԭҶСԶصַ¸֪˷˵ˣȻޡ
ʵҶСЩǼ֮⣬ҶСҲƲⲻʲôΪ
ӵҶСϢǶоԣһźƽԭ˹ҪһЩ顣
Լһӵʱ䣬ҶС͸оĵϢܷжٶȺܿ죬ʣǷˣҶС޾Ȼˡ
һڵͥԺڣ۳İΣÿһζޱȾɣϰ˸ɹоˮȵȡ
ͬʱŴԺӶԽգһֱ˵ǰ
û˿ԥ̤źžͽԺ䣬ǼͬʱԺ䡣
λ
ҶСڵһơ
û뵽ϾȻôߵ衣󣬹аɫ֮̾˵
ߡ
̾޺ܲˬһһܲӣǱˡҶСϵȷʵǱѰ
ûдʱ;ҶСĶû뵽ҶС羡Ȼóһǿ󷨣һ󷨾Ȼ죬Ͳ鲻ҶСκεĶ
Ȼֻ֪ҶСǳڣǾʲô飬Ͳö֪ΪˬϾ֮Ķ
˵ĶģͻȻ˿ʵһ˫ĿΪϬ
Ȼģǲ鿪ЦģʱӦҲӦˡҶСҡҡͷĴӦĳǿνһʼһޣ쿴ˣоò
ϢϿǸĴΪǿ󣬿±Ҳ˶٣ҪȸֺϢնɱǵʵԷǳˣ˵˭أ
Ҳ˳˼С
ǵʱƺûȸ֣ȷʵֵûɡʯ˵һ䣬ȻƳһޡ
ô룬ңһֱƳƬǿ֮ӡ飬ҵĿ˵һ䡣
˶û˵еĻȴ˿١
ҸղѾ˵ˣޣعƬǿеعҪƬǿеĹѹסĴ񣬻ͲܡҶСҡҡͷ˵޵ܹӦ²
˭һ䡣
ûпʱûˣǸҲ߳Լ·ҶС˵
ӦòܣΪ޸ӦǵĴڣǶҷӡ˯Ϊر䶯Ҳѣ⣬û˾ѹϢʯҡͷ˵
˵ţĿͶޣȻҶ˵˲㣬ôûʲôɵˣϾںѾôʱˡ


2466 Ҷķ
¶һĨԥҡҡͷûУʵﵽ־ĸ֣ںҲ鿴ǵĶ˵Ǹ˵ʵ֮ϡ
ҶСܹĸоұ֤޶Ѿ˻ɵˣҲǺȷԲſЩɻ
޵ĻǶĬüͷ飬ĴΪܲϢϿҪսʤҪһ򣬶ʱڣ϶ὫԷնɱ
Ǹڰеˣȴɵһ㣬ǿѹƺеǸʱܹвǵȫ
Ǹ˵ΪѾ˰벽ֻҪӡ飬˵ʲô취ʯƲ
ȷʵܡҲ˵ͷ
ǼЩƣΪӷӡ״̬г󣬾ܹ޵û뵽кͬһĸ֣Ϊ׵ڰлһǿĴڡ
ڰеǸˣʲô뷨ʯ콫ĿͶҶС磬ҶСʱȽϳ϶Ҫ˽磬˲ҶС뷨
Ҳûʲô뷨һԼǿˣŬΪ⣬벻ķҾҪһЩ͵ŷʲôظֽǸơҶС˵Լ뷨
ȻΪʵǿ󣬵ӦһЩʩͬ⡣ʯͬ
ȻϲսǸɵӣܹ޵ĴлˣǴϻ۵
һ֮Ǽ˶̲ضԷһһ˭£ֻҪ̼˾Ͷܹ֪ˡ
Ҳ˽ɫǳĲÿΪеı޷ģû뵽ô¶ںзǿߵĵԴΪԼãȴΪƬǿյıϣû뵽ǰЩУһЩûֳһصĸ֡
ֱڴ
̸һ󣬷Ǳ뿪ˡ
Ǹ˵ĳ֣ҶСͷһĨӰÿжܳء
£ҶСһĵףûиŮŮģǸصĸ֣ܿҪЩһ򾡡
¡
ʱһ֮ݺͺƽԭĽ紦ͻȻ䴫һĺ¡֮Ϊƴ
һʧ磬ܶ߶Ǹɳ۶ȥҪһ龿
ҶСҲҪ鿴һʱ򣬺紫Ϣ˵ͨٴαˣҶС󾪡
ܹͨƿͨˣʵ֮ϣǸ˶ȻǰصǸˡ
֪ҶСͨһϸ鿴һһϲûʲô仯ҶСŷ
뿪һǰ˻ɳĮ
Уһ޴ޱȵͨͨڱ֮ǰʮƺ˺˿ɴ˿ɼʵǿ
ͨҪʲôѲҪĶҶСһ֮ɫĿͨ
ƺܹͨͨʧ
˿̣ںĺܶ˷׷ͨͨʧ磬Щʧͨͨٴ˺磬Ϊҡ
ף
ͻȻ䣬ҶС¶һĨɻ֮ɫƺʲôһ㣬һʧˡ
ͨԶһ۵ŮһӵĿ˺˿ͨ¶һĨˣһĨ
һĻȫҶС翴С
ֱŮǰŮƺһ㣬ȻûвҶСĵŮӺȻҶ棬ʱδŮӡ
ôˣҶСʵ
ҶСҶ΢΢һɫЩңܿͻָ֮ɫûûʲô
ʲô飬͸ңһܹ취ġҶСĶҶ˵
ֻ֪վҪ㲻ʲôġҶǿһЦ
ҶСüͷǵһοҶӣƺһ㡣
ʱҶ¶һĨԥ֮ɫ˶٣ҧ촽ҶС˵ԺСĵ㣬ʵڲеĻʹһɣʧ˵һȫġ
㣬ôˣôоֵֹģ͸ҰɣҶСضҶʡ
ƺҶС̫ϬˣҶܣҿҶС磬¶һĨ֮ɫС磬ͲҪˣ½ԼֻҪܹչԼС
ðɣҶӣҶСεĵ˵ͷ


2467 
Ȼ֪Ҷʲô飬ǿҶڵ飬ʲʲôֻ÷
㣬ϽһɣܲȫҶС翴Ҷĵ˵
Ҷ˵ͷɫ¶һĨԥƺҪ˵Щʲô뿪ˡ
ͨ³֣úܶӿ˺磬ȻܶҲʧ磬ǶҪʧ磬ʧ
ӡͨʱҶС罫ͨѾı䣬֪ʧͨʲôطû뵽Ȼ˳̫ˡ
ԣͨڲǴʧ򿪵ģǴӺ硣ͻȻ䣬ҶСĿһͨͨĹϸߣֻ汻˺ѵΪס
ˣǴӺ磬ֻдӺŲҪȥѰͨͨںǹ̶ġ
ҶСŹâһĻټϸղҶľٶҶСоҶ֪һЩֻͲ˵ҶСһΡ
ͨѾ򿪳ˣҪӡͷǳˣˣѾˣֽߵ˱˵ҶС˵һʧˡ
صһ֪ͨһĺԱȥʱҪעȵȡ
ͨ´򿪣綼˻ƺڣһҪһӡ
ʱܶ߶ĿͶЩûнĸֶ棬ûоƼһֶĿһµĸо
ȻҶС缸ͳ磬ûκεĲϾҶС籾ͳ硣
ߵı˴˽ڣҶС粢ûгֹںҲƬǿеķչ
һ򣬽޴ޱȵ²һ飬һ˺ܶ౶Ҫһ󷨣ֻнһȫˣѶȲڽ
ҶС²ú󣬿ֲֻܹˡ
ףã¡
һУ֪ʱоָһö飬öȻ޵ġ
ҶСһֱʧˣֱͨӽʧ磬˺ƽԭݵĽ紦
ոսʧ磬УһɫӰնȥҶСϿ΢΢ͣ٣ҶСϽȥһɫӰȻǷˡ
˻ǰٿ˵
ûжú˾ƻԭǴĵ۵ĵ̣Դռ˴ĵ۵ĵ۵ĵˡ
ȸϵģǽƻ޵ϢҲûϵϢɻޱȡ
ʱһǱӣϵĳѾ飬Ϣܸ꣬ˡ
ʲôˣ˭𣿡ҶС翴ʵ
޵Ŀһ۷˺ҶС磬ûлشһɫѿޱȡ
޲شҶСҲûǿλþ˾վ֮ʯҲͬ޷ʲô飬޸ͲشʼճĬţһԲǵȴʲôһ㡣
ֱٵʱҶСԸоһӱ˾һٴеӣ÷ˡҶСʯ춼ɻ󲻽⣬֪ʲô顣
ĸˣû֣ĪǱˣĿһɨ˰뿪Ц˵
漴ĿͶޣôôһӣûеɣѵ˵пµĸֹ㣿
һĬ漴ĿϬޱȣĶŹƺʲôԵĵطһ㡣
ôңɻʡ
û뵽ôϷԼղ飬ôˣһ֮ɫĿŹڣһ׼ֵӡ
ޣʲô˼ҸղʲôŰɫ涢ʣҲɢ˵Ϣ
ιιιôˡʱʯǰһߵм䣬ϵƶˣŤͷŹʣղŷʲô飿
һŹ˵ǰң˵Ҫ飬˵û仰ͻȻ͵ϮңҿҸоЩԾ˷˼ҪȻ¶ᱻնɱ
ʲô͵Ϯ㣿еİɫ֮Ӳˡ
ҶСǼ˶ŹƺҪùһĽ
һֱڱԭû㣬㲻ҪˮϣҿӦǸĻҪ޻ǣһնЦһ˵
޴м˵ٻôˣ˲鿴һҵƣŽˡ޶ŹһЦ


2468 ˻ѻ
ò鿴Ѿܵˣܵ˴ˣַ͹һģһʯ쿴һ۹Ȼ˵
ʵʯܵˣҶС硢˺͹Ҳܵˡ
Ǽ˶Ŀ⿴˹Ȼʵˣһ̼ҲͷƤ飬⼸Уÿһ˶пܽܣĻԻնɱ
޵ƣȥȷʵҵֱʣҿȷҲûг֣ԭҲ֪ô¡ǳε˵
ܹо㲢û˵ѣҲû˵ѣ⵽ô£ҶСҲüͷһͷʹ֪ʲôԭ
һʯƲƲ˵һʮ
һҶСԺͻȻһ⣬˵ĴĵۣĵҲкöѵǹķɡ
ҶС罫ĿͶޣĵ֮ôķ϶йأҶСʡ
֪ʲôĵ۵ķ֮ȷʵҴڵģҲǴڸ˴ĵһˣҶûдڣ˵ͱһģҿȷǸղ͵ϮҵȷʵǹȻҲնɱҡҲһͷ۵ӡ
⻰˶ĬҲùܶ޳֣ϾǶ໥οҪնɱ޵Ļ綼ˣαػȵա
һɵ㡣
ȻоܣлǾǶԹľ裬Ƕ˵ľ衣
۳ݸޣȻ뿪
޻ûбնɱǷǳңٱնɱģ·ˡ
ص˺ƽԭҶСƽ
µʱ䣬ûз͵Ϯ޵飬ı仯ҶСͲ⡣
˿̣ΪѾ˺ܶ౶Щ⣬ֻһںˣһںϣľܹﵽԲ磬¡
һľٳٲԲ
ոմһص͸оһϤϢϢҶСʮϤǷ˵Ϣ
ҶСֱӴһͨ÷߽
˻Ǻһʷϼüһɰ׺űķɡ
ϡͣ
ҶСֱӻûһӣһƣ˵ıȻ˵䵭ʮֵƽ·飬ûκȤһ㡣
֪ǰк£ҶСʵ
Ҳûʲô飬ֻǶеˣ֪Ժʲô㣬Ѳɾ׼ڳ˿ҶСʵ
ҶСüëһ¶һĨ֮ɫʵʵش𣬡ʲôõģôĺ֪ңѾˣ飬Ǿһһˡ
ѵ㲻ٴʵ
룬ȻˣҪ̸ףżõģܹȻãڲܽ룬һ롣ҶС絭һЦ˵Եʮѡ
нķҪҶæ֪ҶԸԸ⣿һ˫ĿĹʡ
ԣ̫ûгˣӦȽݱ¶ҶСʮƽ˵
Ҷ˻ν⣿¶һĨȣ˲ͻָƽװһɻ󲻽ʡ
ӦףȻͷһģһϵϢҲһȷԸʮĮʲô飬Ҳ˵ˣ꣬ѻģô䣬վȻҶС绺˵ͻȻ䣬˫ĿбųϬޱȵĹâ㵽˭
ҶС磬ȻܹһӿǼٵġͻȻЦǳ࣬ҲǷ˵ģ˵ġ
ǰʱ䣬͵Ϯ޵һˣҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һʵ
Ȼ⣬˭ֶΣȻܴ㻹ǲ´ˣҵȷǷˣһ㲢ûƭ㡣ٴγЦһ˵
ߣҲŲʲôˣĪҲҪ͵ϮңҶСЦһʡ
Ȼᣬ֪Ϊ͵Ϯ㣬ҲûʲôգˣĿѾˣңֻҪܹͻƵôһҲܡٷһЦĿҶС磬һ֮еӣƺҶСһжӦӲơ
ûȤǲҪ㣬ҲԽҶСʮŵ˵ͲӦ
̫ˣô׽ģҲһµˣҰĵ˲ܹﵽߵľ磬ʱʶʱΪܵĺãɢٷ˫Ŀ΢΢һҶС˵


2469 
𣿡ҶСĿҲľвˡ
ٷһԷĿƳһ۲ԶһԶȻҶСƽ˵ǳ£͸ɣԳС
ϣȼϺɫ棬գֱʧżٷʧķҶСɫޱȣ֪ڲȥĻ¶ԷͻвŮİȫٷһ۾ʾ
дĿһ۲ԶԺ䣬Ӱ黯ʧ
żٷһֱ˺ƽԭĮĽ紦ռ价ӣ޴󣬾սһҲ˵ע⡣
ҶСȻ֮ˣҲãʡһһ㡣ٷ˶ҶС˵
ҪұʲôĿģ
ҶСضżٷʵ֪ԷܻԵ޹ʵҪԣ϶ʲôԭ
ĿΪ˺һսȡͻƣܹоһսҵʵܹߣһٷųȵĹâ
ĵʲôҶСٴƽʵ
˵ĵôҲҵĵٷ˶ҶС˵
ҶСĬһ˵Ǿһսɣ
ãϣܹȫ֡ٷĿȼ˻棬ΪҪҶСԶ˷һ㡣
һ졣
ٷ󶯳һޱȵӡɲǼ䣬ƬиֳһϺɫЩϺɫɢһȣΧĿռ䶼ȼ

ƬռֱӱϺɫȸֱӽҶСƺҪһ㣬ʱڣҲһȸУ
նء
ҶСһһ죬һУϱ˲ޱȵķâЩâܹϿռ͹
ৡ
նâֱγһأеȸϺɫ͸
ꡣ
ٷ˫лһĹâЩ˿һĲɢ
ʱҶСоԼȸУ·Ҫһ㡣
ϻꡣ
ҶС˫ĿõĹâеĳâƾһնһεնֱնеĳϵҶСȸһʧڣϼֱӽ
ããû뵽㾹ȻֶΡٷб˸ӳȵĹâ
򽣹һ
ҶС߾ٳ˲ʱ䣬۳һЩɿ·â֮۶ɵģа˶ǿĹ
ҶСұۻӶȻǰݺһ̣еĳɲǼʧеĳ˲ޱȵĹâƺؼеĹâʧˣֻʣһ
ʱռ䶼·һ㣬ҶС̳һĻõһ㾹Ȼʧ
ʱеĽѾ˼ٷϡ
ܺãû뵽ΪȻ˵زҲŲ˼УһƺҪȻնɱһٷ¶֮ɫһĨɻ
ϣٷ·һһʧΪһʧƬؼ䡣
УǶϺɫҲʧռָԭӡ
ôȻû˷˵ӣҲӵз˵ͨô£ҪһսҲֻôһҶСŹâ
һĨ֮ɫ
Ǹصʵ̫£Ȼܹû˵ӣһܹöԷͨ͹վնɱ˶ԷԷҲʲô飬ֻһ
ù֪ͨԷʲôҪ֪ĻͲô鷳ˡҶС૵
ͣƬ̼䣬ҶСʧˣźƽԭɳ۶ȥ
ףǷ˵ϢҶСոշһʱ䣬ָͣо˵ϢڵķնϢɱ
УһϺɫǻ֮Уʷϼװķˣһ֮ɫҶС磬ɫЩ䱸
˵ӣҶСһɻƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬¶һĨЦղһһҶɣҲһˣҿˡ
ĿҶСƬ̣ϵĽ䱸֮ɫʧˣģղȷʵһҶһսһ
˵Ļ٣ҶС˵˵
ʲô뷨ҶС翴ŷʵ
û뷨һĵˡ˺ƽ˵
ѵûвһ¶ԷԷһսʲôĿģҶСһεʵ
ˣ벻ɫȻƽȴ΢΢üһ벻ͨӣֻ˵ʲôʡ


2470 ²
ͷ˵һ̸ҶСڿȫȷǰķ˾ˡ
˲̸ܶ飬ҶСҪͷ˹ͬһ£ǿ˵ԸЩˡ
һҶûʵǿ󣬺õĹһ⣬Ҳ˽ͻȻ˵
ҵĹһ⣿ǲҶСһϼɢŷɢȥ·ΪҪ֣Żôġ
ϸĸһ˵˵ͷֲһģһ
ĹâܹоǰҶСģΪθղ͵ϮҶСҶСȫһ¡
ҶС룬˵ҶսҲ˺һͨҲһģһֻûǿǸֻһûġ
¶һĨ֮ɫüƺ˼ʲô
ϴ޾ǱǸ˴˵ģ޵Ǳˣ˵ĻԷҲܹɹӣͨ
ҶСɫص˵Ǿ̫ˣΪܹһˣܹ仯ɶԷ̫£ֱǸһ㡣
ѵѵǻɫص˵
ҶСһɻ
˿ҶСһۣƺͣǽţҲǧһֵ֣ǳ£˭ֻҪǱͻὫ㻭γһ㣬ͨˣôǸҲͨӵеĶҲӵС
޵ˣҶСɴ۾ֵȷʵ̫ǿˡ
ҲȻȻǿ󣬵Ҳûƽ֮ĵܹƽֻڿǸ˵ĵûƣս¾Ҫ˽ǵĵ˽ǵͨѵʮĽš
ԭֲãֲǵͨҲһģһ
ҶСһֵȷʵǿޱȣͶԷսһ¶Էżһʵμǳսʵȫһ¡
ţ˻ˣܹɽǳǿգǻ㡣ٴ˵
Щô֪ģҶСɻʡ
˿ҶС磬ԥһ£ǽ͵ǷһԨԴãǴһһЩ䣬Щ䱻ӡˣǵĳɳЩ֣Ƭǿ֮⣬Ǹʮֿ£Ѿһˡ
ǸǻôǺսʱ򣬱ҪԼʵҪȻԷ֪ˣֻǴ鷳˵ôǣԭҪǻȻٶԸǡҶСԴлȻʣƺʲôһ㡣
ʲôһЩ˿ֻܲ²⣬Ҫƶģȥ鿴һҪȻͲ֪Ǽ١˿˵
л档ҶСǸмĶԷ˵
ãҪŪ˭ܹԸܳء
ҶСͬĵ˵ͷ
ͷһ󣬷˾뿪ˣǰҲΪ˽ղһսǸҶС絽Ǽ٣õȷеĴ𰸺뿪
û뵽ȻĴ˵ֻҪԷܹʲôʲôͻ֣Ҿֶһԣҿһֱûȫ֣Ǻ˭һսҶС¶һĨҡ
ͻȻ䣬⼸սʱһֱõǽûʹľǸղŷ˵ԷҲó˺һģһҲһžѲãΪζԷܹʹͨ
ѵѵ˵ħҲģҶСͻȻ뵽ܡ
ֻкʹħһսУ˺ܶľҲһںʹħһսУʹó˸Եͨȵȡ
ϸǰͼٷһսУԷʹõͨͷħʹõͨࡣ
ħȻǼٵģӣħһֱǼٵģôҲص̫ˣǸ˾˭һսĿľΪĻ𣿡
뵽ҶСгһɺ⡣
ڵʵѾ㹻ǿˣֹĵȻбģԷʵǴҪģؼǶԷһֱڰС
Ͳ²ⲻǸ˭Ϊؼĵط
ˣЩûãֻҪܹ˭Ҷܹ鿴ҶСһĨ⡣
Ӱʧ·һһ㣬·ûгֹһ㡣
ǸԽǲ²⣬оԽ£ҶС绹Ƿˡ
ҶСоԷĵҪȻҲ䲻ȵԷ׵Լĵ󣬲Ż֡


2471 
ҶСص˺ƽԭûм󣬾ʹ˹ʯ챻͵Ϯ飬͵Ϯǵװֱװ˶Էӡ
˶ʤˣʤĺܲɣȻлɶԷ͵ϮˣҲһ㻳ɣپ󣬱˴̸һǻˡ
ͬʱǶ԰еǸ˸е𾪣мɵ
ҶСºԽǸ˵ĵǻ²ǻԷҲҪ˭ͱ˭һֻһƾתģ̫ˡ
սһͷֻǶԷһƾҶԷѧһУȵԷٴιһ㣬ǸٵΪҲͻǿ
⼸ʱ䣬ҶСҲоԽоԽɲ⣬̺һֻõ⣬ʵͱȽԱϣչһ׶Σǻãٷչת컯Ϊ档
лֻ֣ڷ˹ճĳһʣͻˣΪ죬绽꣬ò硣
Ǹ軭ԣһԣûһŪٳ档
ȻҶС΢оһ¶ѣûУԼĵ˵ĵΪڶǸˡ
Ǹ˵飬ҶСûŮȻŮΪģҶСǺŮǸƣ֮ҪŮҪŮС£ⱻԷлɳá
ҶСΪǺܺǸأϾΪѾƽںһ⣬ľͻﵽԲ¸Ӳþظ֡
һʱиǰҶСսǸ˻˹ޡʯս
֪ԷΪĻҶС粻òӭսԷΪ̫ǿˣÿζߵвǳΡ
ÿսҶСʤЩսĽУҶСɫԽԽأܹܵԷʵԽԽˡ
ȻҶС粢ûôȫԼһµƣҪȻսظֵĻûκʤˡ
ս˺ܶΣҶСӹҲ˽⵽ǵʵս
УΪǿҲǼˣǸҪԸǣ»ṴǼ˵ͼȻΪˡ
ս˼κ˳׳ⲻûһһƬأǶ֪ںϺһսĶȵԷ׵ںϺ󣬹Ϊǿ
ʱȥһ꣬һգһɿֲޱȵϢʧӣȻе߶ܹܵɿµϢȴӦϢʲôطʲôطݶġ
Ϊǿˣ֪ڹΪܹƼ֡
ܵϢںƽԭҶСɫޱȣҶС磬˵˵ɫҲÿǳأǶ֪ԷĹҪˡ
ȻڶգǶܵղصһö飬޸
ʱ䣬ҶСϽ˹ȥٶȷǳ죬ϴδˣһҪҵصĸ֡
㣬Ȼ㡭
ҶСոսûжúһ𾪵ĺƻдޱȣ߶ˡ
ңΪ㣬Ҳ綼뿪ƬǿգƬǿ¡
һɣ˵Ũҵĺ⡣
ڸϹҶС硢Ƕһɻ֮ɫ仰вѲ²޺Ǹʶһг𣬹ֲöԷһξնɱޣԭˡ
ǶΪѾˣû뵽㾹Ȼţһһˣ̫Ծˡ
޵Ȼޱȣȴ͸¶΢΢ƺ˺صˡ
Ļ̫ˡ
һΪ䣬һºһɹâƻ·Ǳǿһ㡣
¡
ʱ䣬һɽҡضһһ۵ĹâƻŷĻϵ̫Ҫۡ
һ̼䣬Ƭǿейȫˣһɵı˺ͲƬǿУӰ˹ߵ
ҶС硢ˡĵҲһĪıˣǹӰ쵽ǡ
ˡ
ҶСһ̼֪Լʲô顣
ȻܿޣҺ޻ЩԹһ̼䣬ûаĸˣȡ֮һĪꡣ
޵Ԥʾһ޴ʱįһǿߵĹޣûܹԶ࣬ǸܵĲпᡣ


2472 ºһ
޵䣬ҶСһ˸УҲǣг˵˸С
ʱľΪˣƬǿһ֧һ㣬ÿ˶Ļ
ƻһƬطеĹѾʧȫΪ촷ۣɢգĵѼĲϣƵռݣڰҲʧ
һֱĸо
ı£ÿ˶еӣ˵κ֮ϣܿܿˣȻվȻˣʵ˸еˡ
˵޳ȻˣûǸ˵ıܹһҲû˭ļƻȫû©ҶСӳ޵Ĳ鿴ƾѾƫԼĹ켣
ȻˣȻǿ߽ƬǿеĵԴռһ¯Ŵĵ۵ںϵ״̬һʵʵڵˡ
ǣȴʧȥ˽ĻᣬȻĹǿޱȣͨҲ𺳣Ѿնһ۳ɵȻûƿǷӡ
ûƵģû뵽ǵ걻һЩ˻ϣʯ졢ˡǡ
Ҳļƻʧܣֳһǳصļһ˷ǳµĵ
˽յĽ֡
û뵽޾Ȼһ졭
ؼ䣬Ǵ۵Ĺâʧ˲䣬һʵľ񲨶صؼ䡣
˿̣ƬǿУƾ£ˮδδ£ƺƬǿеҲΪ޵ˡ
ʱ򣬷ѾҶСԣҲ¶˵˱صĺܺãϸͷֲˡ
ǹȥɣԷʲôҶСص˵
ǸصĻնɱޣôԷΪȻǿޱˣ޵ΪǶ֪ģܹ˶̵նɱޣԷΪ嵽ʲôزҶС벻Ҳ벻
ҶСͷƻʱʯպõĿײ䣬¶һĨ衣
һʱĻĸֱ֣𻯳˵ӣԱսһԷѾΪܵķӦ
ˣʱҸˣһǣͲɵ뵽˵֡
ʯĿһɨһЦеĽ䱸֮ɫȫʧѾܹжϳ˶ȷȷʵʵˡ
ʯЦҲ˶һ
Ǹ˵Ϊ̫ǿˣǸող飬͸Ͻ˹û뵽ǳһ֪Էʲôˡʯü˵
ٺ٣ѵλղû֮ǰ˵Щѵ˵ڶУһûȥɭһЦ˵ǺǷײԵøλ졣
Ҷ֪ʲôʯ콫ĿͶҶС磬ҲһĻǸҶСսȻоҶСĿ£˶ҶСҲˡ
ҶС粻ۼĿһ۷ˣȻҡҡͷ˵ûʲôǻһҰɣûʲôһɣ
û׼ǸǻΪҲûʲôȷе֤ݣ˵ҲǷ˸ģ˲˵ȻҲ˵
ãȵҿʯǶͬ
˿̣ƻѾȫˣܶЩ󼸺Ѿɣ˿ӿݵ½أеֲЩʧˡ
һսƻȫǵΪѾﵽ˿Ҫľ磬ΪˣƻҲһ
˷ͷƻѰңҪѰҳǰµȴûκεͷ
һͷǸĻҹδ̫Щں̵ܶʱڻɱĨԼڵĺۼ޷ȥѰңֱǸ˳һ⡣
ףǿʲô
ͻȻ䣬дʯ쾪ȵҶС硢ˡǸϽƶΣʯڵλ÷жȥ
ǿ棬ǲһ֣˵ʯص˵
ȷʵһ֡Űɫ档
֪ҵݣºĮһҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һȻһһ
ʲôȻºĮһЩȡ
˶ĬǶɵӣȻ֪ԷҪǵĿģǸѾնɱˣº󣬾ΪնɱˣʧȻҲĿģЩĿľͲö֪ˡ
ҶСԴѾ²⣬Է¿Ҫպһս򵽵Ķº󣬻ԷѾ㹻İԸˡ
ô죿ʯһĿһɨʵ
ô죬ʱֻܺһˣҪȻ˭֪Է᲻ὫǵɱǳƵ˵


2473 һս
ʣ飬˺ܴţжЩǣе΢΢ľ¡
ɷ˭ԴڵӺѪУһַӦ˷־磬ӽˣһֻּǳ𣬲׺ɣ
һоͶˣΪޣǵ룬ʧȥΪеԸվֻǾˮµá
ºĮ
˿ˣ˵˵һ䣬漴ΪһϺɫƣʧƬؼ䡣
ҶСŷ뿪Ӱ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ̾һҲ֪ѰҶԷټ¶ѰҲֻĵĵȴȴµʱ䡣
˵ºǾͻ֪Է˭ˡ
Ҳ߰ɣԼĵҪȻº󣬱ԷնɱˣôͰ׷ˡʯ쿴һ۹˵˫ֱ˺ձʧˡ
Ƭֻ֮ʣҶСһˣû뿪䣬оºǸ˶Լʵݡ
˭ҺޡҶСǲ˼
ƻһƬߣƺѾʧȥߵϢһҲûУޱȣĮӻ޵䣬ƬؼһɲʵҾþòɢΪ͵ˣһᱻӰ쵽΢Ӱصֱ߻ħ
ƻǻ˺ܾ֮󣬼鿴ʲôҶСȥ
С磬ոһ㡣
ҶСոջصƽԭ׼ٽĶعһ飬ԼĵڻͨĽѩ˽
ŶʲôҶС¶һĨ档
Ҳ֪һƬӨ͸ˮƬǴ涫õġĽѩҡҡͷһöƴСľӨƬУݵҶСС
ţҾͲˡ
Ľѩľ˵ôһ仰֪ҶСѹرĴΪҶСŮˣֻڱĬĬ֧֣ȥš
Ľѩ뿪ıӰҶСе鱻޷ŴˣѵжʱŮû뵽ϵĳ֣԰
о½ʱ䲻Զˣº󣬱鶼֮ʱ
еľӨƬһ̽˽ȥʱ䣬öƬ˲õĹâһɹâγһӰ
һӰȻޡ
ʣǰĶ
ҶܹһĻô˵ѾˣȻ˺ܶˣı˺ܶʱΨһû뵽ıԼ䣬ΪܹͻƿƬǿգû뵽ʧˡ
ȻʧˣȻģ»ҳΪһֱҵ룬ʧˣȻѾȴôˣҲںһʱ䣬Ǹ˵ĳ֣гһΣҸоԼĿܡ
û뵽վˣôвʡ
ƬǿջһƬ֮ʱҾѾ۷֣Ϊͻ߾磬ռ䣬ѰұԴƬǿգƬǿյıԴ׼ȡǹɱԴʱһʮǿ۷ֳˡ
ΪǵԴǷ˴սҰˣʣһںƬǿȵһУֺ±˷ƬǿյıԴֱӽƬǿշӡˣȻʧˣΪԷѾ뿪ƬǿգƣڿҲƬռ䣬Ҳ˺صϣҲòˣҪȻô꣬Ѿ
ˣ붼УǸĳˣ붼ǵص۷֣Ϊʮǿ⻹Ϊڲģһָ˹ҲûĶ֡
ҶĵҲʮǿ֮ԻὫµ㣬ΪҾܹնɱҸоĵĵӿ¡
Сĵ㡣
ϣиֳ޵ӰҲʧˣöӨƬҲ˳ʧƬؼ䡣
˿̣ҶС鸴ޱȣ˵ˣһⷬо֮˵κ
ǶΪͻ磬Ϊһһߵһ
޵ĻҲҶС⿪һţ˵ΪλںϽУԭҲΪ˼ȥ
ƬǿΪλᱻӡȻΪǿĸֲ˷ƬǿеıԴϧǱԴѾݻأǿΪˣӡԵʣòˡ
ڶԷҪԼָͻƵĿģҶС绹û뵽ȻЩ֪ʶĻǸ˾ǵսǸǿϣǣôһв²ⶼǴġ


2474 
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ҶСһ˵УһŮڳڲóǿ󷨣ҲǺԼҲܹع顣
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ҶСҲɵغкϹģһΪ˴ʱ䣬Ϊýŵƽ


2475 
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ҶСʯʱһЦԶմ漴ǰĿռ򿪣һ׹ǼܵĹ֣Űɫ棬ЩȫеľС
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ˣǵҲδ̫˰ɣ˻˵ȻĿͶҶС磬¶һĨ⣬Ϊβ⣿


2476 սǰ
Ϊܻţ֪ʲô⣿ҶС绺˵˼ѾȷˣΪԼܹţȻΪ
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У䣬һʱ𣬶Ѿ滮õģûܹӳѾƶõĹ켣ڵ㻹ͻƵͻףŶˣûлͻƵˡһº͵˵ĻҲһȻˣȴ˸оһɭ
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2477 ۷ս
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2478 ʧ
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2479 ֻ
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ͻȻɫһ䣬䣬ƽ̿Ļһӱˡ˾һգһռ仯Ϊ˻硣
ӰУǷˡʯ͹ǵϢܲȶЩˣĺܶࡣ
ղĶһϵӦôնɱ˼ٵң˻
ʱܵĳޱȾ˵ģɫһ¾ͺƺѪҺȫӿϣ촽Ե΢¶һĨѪϸ۲Ļͷֲˡ
ЩҲϢϢأ˵ܹԸİ취ӣҶСĿĹâ
΢΢һһˣܺãܺãû뵽ǵʵǿû뵽ǷҶ㣬ʵȷʵҵ󣬲ղһӦþǿһɣ֪УǸܹùһ
ɭһЦйѸٹתۼ䣬һҶСͼֳУһõĹâһҶСա
ٵҶСɢƼΪֲƺƵϯأ·Ƭصţɫһ䣬һѿޱȣȻܹٵҶСĿֲ
ȻճһٵԼҶСü룺ô᣿ѵҲ´ˣӦû۷ʱҲǣ
ٺ٣úܰɣ
ɭһЦ˵ҶС˫Ŀбų˿µĹ漴һֻ޴Ƴ֣⹥ҶСղŵĹһģһҲһģһ
޴Уƺⷽǿնһ㣬޴ѣһֲܷĸо
˵ˣһεȫۿץǸκη˻Ұ
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ֻ޴ƽҪʱһ޴𣬼ҶСѳһѷ죬ֻҲǣͬʱ˿ٵҶСʧ
ͬʱһ϶˺飬£ҪǼٵҶСͻȻ⣬ǿ¶Ѿˡ


2480 
мٵҶСʧ¶˲֮ɫôܣôܣô
ͲԼҶС羹ȻԼˣҲ̫ˡ
йʻӶٴιճһҶСͼһνʱâɢֳһٵҶС硣
ҶСһ֪ǼٵģϵϢܲȶ΢΢ʱ䣬һѷҶСϣ漴˿ޱȡ
ҲţҲš
ŹһͼҶСģϧÿθոջһˣˣƺܲסҶСһ㡣
㲻ð׷ˣһŻѣôܹסҵʵ󳬹ңҪȻͲܻһҶС绺˵Ĵ
ɫ¶һĨ㱣˲䣬ͻָ֮ɫһҶС˵û뵽ʵѾֵزҲߵĹԼΪܹҡ
ڵԳ𣿡ҶСƽʵ
ֵԳ֡˫Ŀɢ⣬ѪĹâǱߡ
һɿµƴϱ˳˹ɳγһȦȦɳǽɢȥɿֲѹ£Ƿ˵˶˼ʮףֻҶСȻվھԶƺûܵӰ졣
ΪȻôǿ󣿡ʯд֮ɫҶС磬˺͹һҶСĿ¶һĨʣһĨĽ
ĵѾҪˣ¾ͻӲԶˡŰɫ˵
ʱһɫ̣ޱȣǼ򴦣εĵɣӿɵĳë¶ݡ
ѳһѷ죬飬Ŀģѷ콥ԼԼ䣬ܹĺɫۼס
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΢΢ĳȻһ׶࣬ɫۼ׵ĸ֣Ѿˣ޵Ľ塣
һޱȿӣȴۼף򡢸첲⡢ϥǣԵļ̣ΪصȻһβ͡
һӣҶСһĨ⣬û뵽ı徹ȻӣӦʱĩЩǿоι޵ӣû뵽㾹Ȼӡ
ߣظû뵽Ϊ˸߾㾹ȻͣƤ֮УһǶѣֻҪܹΪǿǱħΣοһӲ״̬һ˵
˵棬սɣҶС絭˵ǰ˱ҪȻôһʼڰУʳѰ
ãԸ
˫Ŀ⣬ɱѾΪʵʣƬؼ䣬¾һķǿ߾ͻᱻɱ顣
𡪡
һ˾޴ı仯һްԣϰ֮ߣһֻޣࡣ
ħӰء
ɭؼ޴ͻȻ˺ɫޱȼצµħΪһħӰ

Ƭؼ䣬ħӰҷɭޱȵ̼˵꣬һּΪĸо
һħӰҶС
ʡ
ҶС˫ֺϲȻ󻺻ֿ˫ּ䣬һϼɣϼԣɢ²õĹâֱʮ׵ķΧЩħӰոտɢΡ
˺ء
ʯݺݶһ½ţͻȻεض˱˰ɴСһߴĿӣ˫ۻӶ֮׾ˮ̺ż򵥶صİ
˿̵һʦǱߣȷǷһֳУ˫ǰкݺ˺
ǡ
һ˿ȫϣһεɢӶȥϧһոյʱɢˡ
ƺоʯĹһħӰʯΧȥħӰİΧʯȻأԼĴѧ֮мĶΪγ˱Ĺһʽʽͨ
ܲ壬ΪҵʳһΪǡɭһЦſһ£һɾޱȵĺγɣʯȫ赲ס˵ߡ

ͻȻ䣬ҽӺдսķ˺͹һҶСȴûʲô⡣
ѾܵĿֲԷΪ˶߳٣ԷħӰסȻԸˣֶβãõķǳ
ʱſһǹħ½壬ϵϢǿ˺ܶࡣ
þðԵѧ̾һһδӣ¶˷֮ɫ
Ƕθߴޱȵʯ죬¶֮ɫ


2481 ֮
ʱʯ죬ЩɱһͷٲһڷӸӣȫ˰׷˶˺ܶࡣ
ʯ̺ǿޱȵ˺Ѳ񷣬ɽӣȻĿ¹УȻʧȥ˴ٶ༸ι¾ʯÿϸڿµȫ롣
⡭ʲôŵļ𾪵ĿһĻʯ춼ӣǱˣ¶ֱӸࡣ
Һãҵ
Ӧɴΰˣֵɳ̣ҲһֻҪͻᱻɡҶСɫص˵
˵˵ͷͬҶС˵󣬹ԼˣΪܹӱܣû뵽ӱܲˡ
ƺʧ˴Ԫʯ޴ȻСֻ˴Сɫ԰ޱȣ˿񼫲
עҪնɱֻҪǣҴɳɣϣ̤˾޴޵һЦ¶ɭɭĿ˾¡
ٿա
ͻȻ䣬˽һԾգΪ޷ˣȫϺɫ棬·ʵǻ档
չΣ֮ռȫʼȼǹ򣬶赲סɻ档
ȫȵĻϵ׶˺ɫȻڻУһ鶼ûС
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ƺһʱϳ֣бųһɰɫ棬һɻֱӳͷգҽγһ޴İɫС
гֵ˲䣬Ǿ޴΢΢һһɫڳ˳ٶرƺƴ赲һһ㡣
顣
ҶС΢΢̧ͷգ³֣ʱһĨˣƺ뵽˱ʹ£˶˹ȥĻ
֪ʱһƬƬӨѩƮƬգÿһƬѩжһι£ͬĹ£ÿ¶вͬĽ֣˵ʹ޷ĥĻ䡣
ҶСķ䣬ëϣѩֻ֣ҲѩЩѩƺԼ˼һ㣬䲻˵ϡ
ҶصĹʽ𣿡
ĿͷҶС磬ƺֻҶС磬ûˡ
ߣǼʶʶҵĵ
һ쳤Х
ΪԪ
һӼٱ˸Ǹߴˣͦθߴƺռ˰ĻǸߴξܹη
Ȼ䣬һŴſħЩħǿЧתۼ䣬ħڵסеǳĹâƬء
Ǻħ֮ȼյնʱϨƺ֧ȼյıԴʧȥһ㣬ͷϵİɫҲû
˺͹΢΢һϢʮֲȶһ֪ܵ˾޴Ĵˡ
䣬˵ȫȵȶ޷ڶãֻҪ̽ͻᱻɡ
һǿΣĵ
ҲҶСȻ̬ƺһεЩͽЩצ
״̬ʮŻħȫȴˡʯǵӰ¶˳¶ĲҶС
ʱ˿ޱȣһ˫ĿѾʧȥ˹ʣһ绪Ҳֵסʱʧ˺ܶ࣬ԭϣʱʧĺۼ
еľѾѣΪĻ棬ϵϢ½˺ܶ࣬Ǹեһ㡣
ʯ˷·ʯͷһǹ졣
һĻ鼫ΪƵĹдˬ˵Ĳֹһ
ιʯͷû°ɣʵʯ첻ӦȻλƵ˹ȥͳʯļȥϧĹָոմʯ죬ʯͻΪһѷ۳׵ʧˡ
һӰѹµþòŴ˳û뵽СӾȻˡ
ԣԣû䣬ľ̶ȣ϶Ѿ׼˺·˾ѪϧҪָ۷״̬֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣¶һĨį
ʯӣƺһӿԼĽ֣˵ĸп
ǻҵûнǵȫգҵʵ˺ܶ࣬һҵʵǿ󡣡
ʱдʮ˷ܵ
ǡ
ʱһϸ΢ĴһסˣˡҲķȥǿһĻ¶֮ɫһĨϣĹâ


2482 ն
Ѿ˹޵ϵɲǼʧղϸ΢Ǵϴġ
ֻ֪ʱƮľӨѩѾʧЩѩѾڡϸǵǲӲޱȵι̲Ƶĺɫѳһѷ졣
ѷƺѾ뵽ڡ
ô᣿ôɲɴУ¶֮ɫƺġ
ʵȻѾﵽ־磬𾪰аɫ治ƺ˷ܡ
ȻôǿΪһЩأ۽Ө飬Ǳź
ԺһζμʶжʹҲ޹̫̫࣬Ϊ׷Լĵ˺ܶණ
˵ߴʤѾ̤Ƭǿյ۷壬һ֪˶ûУһѶûС
һ·̫̫ࡣ
ǵΪ˵õһϧתεѵ߹Уܽʱġ
ǵΪϸλԼϲŮҲ͸ˣѶȻļԺУĨ񣬳Ϊõʹ
ǵΪ˲вնɱ־ÿնɱһбʹһ֣ʱȻĶԼ˵û
˵ּįȷʵˡ
ʹӵｭɽֻּǳ棬ɽױ䣬ŵУֻһˣյģǹ¶Ǽį
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ҴĴѵҲ۷ĵ·ɫϱãۿоȻ飬ħᣬ顣
ûдûд죬첻ʣΪ˲۸ֻи߸ϣˣħ׵׵ħҲӦ顣
ɫָ¶˼֮ɫҲ飬Ҳᱻκζǣҡ
̫顣
˵ĸ֣һɫâնһںɫѪϢЩң۽ǻ䣬ˮаѾõĻ䣬ʹ࣬Ŀ֣ĸ
ˮոյ䵽ɳ˱Į飬·һ̨һ㣬ɢһ˾嵽˹⡣
ҶĵѾûκˣʱŹ㣬㽻һº°ɣټʱ֮ڣҲҳΪ֮ʱҵپһ̣һ㿴һۡ
Ǿ޴ĺɫӶҶС˵ĿûκвҶС綼ľѣû뵽ȻΪƽĹĵȻնУûаȱ㣬սʱҲȱ㡣
֮һըһƬɫħؼ䣬ħɢ֮ƬɳĮֻʣҶСһˣ˺͹°ˣҶС綼ܲϢˡ
նɱʯ죬˷˺͹ΪȻʮֿ¡
ҶС絣֮ʱԶͻȻըһƬϺɫ棬ϺɫлһĨɫħһĻҶСĿһϽ׷˹ȥ
׷ʱƬؼֻʣһƬϺɫ棬͹ټȫʧˣô鿴Ӳ鿴
Ϊ־磬ĶԲ鿴õǽһɨƬǿУһжѭΡ
ʱƬϺɫУһΪȵĻɫâ֣ɫâֵ˲䣬ΧȫӿϺɫУʱϺɫʢ
һĻҶСƺʲôкݺһɲǼ䣬·һƬɳĮԽԽҡ
¡¡·ɳĮƺ˾޴ĵһ㡣
䡪
һɳȵҽɳĮڳ˸߿գһֱϺɫǿȫϺɫա
ҶСûͣһֻһһޱȵѷ֣Ǻɫѷһɹɻ϶ӿ
ػ̩˸Ϊǿҵһ˸ͳܲ
ģһӰϺɫγɣһӰȻǷˡ
ֵһ˲䣬еĻʱʧȫɵڣʱǴɳĮгĳҽȴΪһƵɽ壬ããɳĮУ°ޱȡ
л˾ĿҶС˵ǲҰ׵ɫͺ촽һ־Ķǵ
ղűץˣֱӼԼеˣˣ֪׵˶ԷУĽֿ»ҡ
ʵؽˡҶСһ·˵
ʵڱǸ´սֻһˡѵ¶Ǹ֮ɫ
ǺǣûʲôΪҶСЦЦ
˱һ𷵻˺ƽԭ


2483 Ŀ
ΪԱŵҪзѾˡ
ˣһΪ󽵣˿̲۷壬ҪָԭˮƽҪΪӴҪǧ֮á
عϻǱģܵҶСһȥƽԭɷϣںƽԭΪĽ֡
ոջصŮǶӿԺУʱ䣬ŵԺ䣬ݺݺ࣬Ůһǧ˰̬绪չһʢʻǵ
ǿҶСȱĳǰʱһжˮǼֵˮ
С磬û°ɣĽѩߵҶСǰʵ
ûˣԺ˵ˡҶСЦЦֺǳ谮ĦĽѩǾӣо顣
ƺҶС绰лĽѩü΢΢һʵѵǼ黹ûꣿ
ҶСɬһЦ˵ͷȷʵ̫ǿˣΪңΣ뿪ˣһΣ±ķֳʱ򡣡
ҶСĻŮжЩأܹٴμҶСѾܿˣǽеĳضųޱȲõЦݣҶС糩̸
ںŮĵʱŮҶС緢ʱ򣬱ҶС绹׼Ƿǳʹ˵˳е鶼˵˳
ȻŮˣ˵Ļ˵ŮǶ룬ĸӵǣ磬˽ʼĩ
ҶС磬ô˵һټǸ˵ʱ򣬶ԷΪѾἱŷǧҶСʵ
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ŮĬ֪ζӱܲ˵ġ
С磬аնԸ𣿡̵ĵʡ
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Լʲô취ŷǧʣ֪ҶСпѾʲôҪȻһ̣ԲôɣοҶС˼ʱܹ֪ҶС뷨
Ҳ㲻ǰ취ٶԷǰѰ֮ǰֻܾȥԼΪһһûںϣһںϣҵĵͻԲʵӣ˵ܹһͻƵ
ҶС˫ĿŹâ˵
ǵ⻹ûоѣֻǿںˣȻЧǺܺãܱΪһ㶼úܶࡣ
Ů˺ܾãҲ֪ڵƣһԼǻۣΪҶСŸָ⣬ϧھԵʵǰ棬κıͽͣҶСֻȥˡ
С磬Ҫǽһ󷨼ӹһȻһˣǸҲ޿κΡĽѩҶС˵
ҶСҡҡͷɴڸնԼУҶὫ˶ɣ˵˺ĵҲԲҳΪǿߣǸʱǾһᶼûˡ
Ľѩͷ¶֮ɫƺԼûãûΪҶСʲô⡣
ǲõģɽǰ·һа취ġҶСЦЦ˵˵Ľź͵ġ
һŮʶȤûдҶС磬Ƕ뿪Ժ䣬ҶСһ˾˼ŶԴˡ
죬ͻȻ䣬ķϣһħγһɫĹǺɫƺ̫Ĺâڵסˣ漴˿
ʱ䣬˰УطϿγһƬƬƣɫһӰ˺ܶࡣ
ǲҰ
ԺеҶС򶫷ķ򣬵ž⡣
Ƭ̼䣬һϮɫȹŷǧ˽ɫء
С磬һĸֽʧ磬κһξһĸȫˣڶ鶼Ǿһĸ֣˾һĸ⣬һЩιޣǳףȴۼףеǺħӣȴȺħ忴аˡŷǧҶС˵
ҶС簲˼Žʱ򣬵ȻǵĲǾһĹǸΪҪôĶʲô
Ѿ֪˶ԷǾһ屳ƿߣЩιޣΪԷɵһιҲѾ˵ʵ
С磬ҪǳɣҪȻǵûһ𣬸ͷӲ޴Ȼֱ֣ӽȫնɱŷǧ˵Լе뷨
ҶС·Լ飬ûŷǧĻһ㣬бһŹâˣ֮ԷսҪе飬ûв´ĻƬǿ鶼ǱԴԷĿıɱԴͼߵľ硣


2484 ҵĿʼ
Ӧô죿ŷǧĵĿҶСʡ
˵ʧ磬ԷĻ»ɾ޴ޱȵѣˣרһϾǵĸں磬뷨֪ͨȥ˳룬Ѿвٵܵ˺硣ҶСͼΪ侲˵
õģС硣ŷǧ˵ͷȻ뿪
ŷǧ뿪úҶС˫ĿһĨ⣬˲ʧֱ˺նȥȫټ
ȵٴֳεʱѾںƽԭ붫ͨǱˣûֱͣתΣһӽͨС
һ˲ĹҶСͳ˶򣬸ոս붫һħӭħƺһɿµ־־ƺҪħ˵˼룬˶䣬䡣
ÿ£Ŷ೤ʱ䣬򶼱ħǡҶС
һգУ򶼼ҰڣֻУһһĸֵεһ㣬ɢɷһɹϢ
ܶߣﶼħˣʣЩûħˣȫ˾һĸֺħɱɵĿꡣ
˵ĶѾһţ׵ĳ˼ħ
ЩħѾ͸˺򡢵Уܶľ˺ɫ׵ħһħС
ǳ׳ٵĶҶСƺܵڰһ־˵
һ˵ǿҳ嶯ӿָоƺԿơ
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ƺܹݵÿһУܶѾħĸ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҾȻˣˣһħҲҲħһ񾳸ֶݻָ֮ɫһҧħת⣬Ȼ䣬˿գΪģһڵħȫΪ˾񾳸⣬еѾľһ֡
ɱԼĶӣɱԼĺӣȺħȥɣһ񾳸Ҳָ˹ħȫתԣҲľһֺͳħĸֶɢ
УԱԼԣһЩħĸֶѡһ·
ǲԸ٣ԸⱻеħԿƣԸԼһа
ڶƬٵĴϣһԳ֣ǲõ̻һ㣬һӣųԼĹԡ
ΰģֵ𾴡
תۼ䣬ԵĹԽʧڰ򣬲ʣħŨȽ˺ܶ࣬ľһ
ˣоһĸֺħĸȻܶࡣ
Ҫħ򡣡ҶС
Ǻ޼ɵľһ֣ҶСҲ̲סˣϳ֣һֻϼ۳ɵĴֺȻ£նƺһ㣬еĹȫҡ
һһĸһ֮£һĸֲ
ʱͻȻкγһž޴ףһ׾ףĶҶС˵Ҷٸҳ֣ɱ֣Ķֻңһ档
ϣž޴׾ʧˡ
Է֪֮ҶСԲҳˣҶС粻˼˵İȫ
ҶС˫ȭգ޲ýеľһնɱϧ֣ܳһ֣϶֣Էһ֣Ͳ֪ж˻
սֻ˳ˣȴҵֻһսˡҶС
ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬һƽԭ֮乹ֱͨӱ飬Ϊ˻磬ҲΪ˷ֹһĸͨͨƽԭ
ھһĸҪƽԭֻȥˡ
ҶСλգֱӳ˶ݵĽ紦˿ܶѾԷӴĶ飬γܵķߣ赲žһֺħֵء
ˣвٵľһֽݡ
ֻܽݵսˣطԲܱšҶС
վƬ̺ҶС뿪˻ص˺ƽԭȨһ
ƽԭһƽԭ֮Ĺؿڣܼӣһһĸֻι
ɳ˸ͨĮԭϵĹؿڣͬʱ֮µĸȫ룬ȥƽԭȥԭֻĮ


2485 
ҶСһ˶ϸִеĮԭƽԭĹؿڣ۷еļǿأ٣Щ˶ܹ鿴һĸ֡
ΪҶСԵʣǨƿʼˣݣܶʼæµİǨҶС粻ߴ٣ǰǨٶȶ죬ϾѾ׵ΪħһħӶӿ
·Уŷǧָ£սŻɳĮʻȥΧĸ֣ΧԭֻҪһʲô춯ʱᱬµĹ
羭µķչԻͳ̶Ѿѷʧˣֻʧͷ󣬵ʱĶֶࡣ
ʱ죬ʱУĸѾǨˣܶ˶ѡ˺ƽԭǸоֻںƽԭܹ֤Լİȫ
ֻ񾳡񾳸֣˶Ѿˡ
Ƕʧ飬ںϣҶС粻ԼĴŹ˼飬ȫֵЩε˹
ڳһߵϢţԼʱʱ̶̿۷״̬ӭսһߵȴһĨѡ
ʮ֮󣬺ƴսˣУûбħȫնɱˣҺһ綼ǨƵ˺ĺҪȻҲѲ˱ɱһյĽ֡
һĸ֡ޡħĸȫ湥Ȼ֮ҪΪ̣ǿߵս֮£ȻȻ
ʱ䣬ݴϣħУĿģܶǳضǧٿףŨʧܶսȻħҲһʧء
Ͼһһܹսսǿնɱ֣ɺΪȴûǸնɱһһʵϵıš
ҵսϷһжҶСûйϵֳһٳٲѣżѡ
ÿһ죬ΪԽǿ󣬵ʱԽΣա
ʱ£Уݼǳ׵Ļˣԭɽˮȫʧˣȡ֮һƬƬѪɫǱѪȾ˵һĸֲ޵ֱħ֮ħޱȡ
ˣҲƴ赲ģһ̼䣬ѾںԼˣ֪նɱһԷĸ֣ǱЩˣѣܹĸһЩ
ƽԭŵĳУֻȼˣŮѾ˺ƽԭĸֶŸطҪ
ڣҶСԼĵȻĨⲻܹѣôֻнԼĿǰĵ׵ƣһ覴ȥʱֻҪĨںϣΪֱӴǣҲʡȥܶ鷳
һգͻȻ䣬ҶС˫Ŀƺоʲôһ㣬ĿзޱȣֱӴ̴ա
Ƭ̺ջĿ⣬ĵȴţʮӺһ˴Զնٶȼ죬Ͼǽ͵ǡ
ҶСһӼ䣬һֱ֣ͨͨͨҶСǰ
²ˣǺƽԭ֮䡢ԭ֮䣬ĮǺƽԭ뱱ԭ֮ĿռȫˣǰҵĿռѾָ˹һĵĿҶС˵
ʲôҶСɫһ䣬û뵽Щ֮ϾȻ˴ˣĻǿɾ̫ˡ
Ѿкܶһĸֳ˺ƽԭС
֪ͨȥƽԭе˶άĹǧҪҶС翴˵
ǣʮֹ˵
ҶСһӼ䣬һ֣ͨͽͳ˳
Զȥ֮ҶСνʧ
УҶС羲վ˫ֲϵлһӡ˳֮ϣʱ䣬Ǹߴһ·ȫɢ˶ĿĹâ
ڸ֮ĳǳҲƺˣǳڣнﶼϵһ㣬Ǳֱĵ·ƣɢ˶ĿĹâ
䡪
ͻȻ䣬һµĹӸϱ˳ƺ͸漴ɢ˿ˮĲһ㣬γȦȦ
ƽԭϿյĿռ·Ǳˮһ㡣
ʱ䣬ǳڵĸƺ˸Ӧһ㣬죬漴ҫŹâʱ׼һ㡣
ЩػЩǳصĳһĻƺʲô׷ӡǳڵơ
䡪
Ƭ̼䣬ƽԭϣһЩֳ˺üâΧĸ໥ӳģһ󷨡
ƽԭĴ󣬳׵ļˣҶСôҲΪ˷ֹľһֽ룬ƽԭǴΣ


2486 
ƽԭҶС粼õǿڼˣ޾£ҫ۵Ĺâɢƽԭ·һƬ
ֿµ£ЩֵľһֺײޱȵħȫΪ˴ûһܹѡ
һĻƽԭеĸֶһϴ˷֮ɫƺֻҪںƽԭǾͲһ⡣
ںƽԭҪȻǿ¶ΪЩħеʳ
УⶼǷҶĹͣҪǺƽԭҲûôƽ
ܶ˶׷Ƕ˵һЩҶСĻ㽫ҶС˵һ
˵鲻ͬǣҶС鼫ΪأȻƽԭȷʵ赲ܹ赲ãһδ֪
ڽǺƽԭ󷨴ڻǲģطռˣԷܹ˷Ժƽԭݻƽԭʲô¡
Ϊһĸּ٣û뵽ս֮ʱȫ֣۷Ĵر࣬һĸɱ޴صҲãûܹ֣Һúƽԭ󷨵ĴڣֻҪΪûгҶС磬һҲ̤ȥһȥ
ƽԭ϶˶ãϾǸҰĲˣԲῴƽԭΪļӲ赲Ȼʲô취
ʧѾһţܺܶԷԵ˸ָĿħ飬ǾһЩħĲܶӰ
ֲҡҵĳ棬ҶС絣Ĳѡ
ʧ磬ֻкƽԭһƬˣ߽˺ƽԭУҲ˺ƽԭ̫࣬ʮӵì
иЭѹȻսʱʱҶСɴཫһͨ󣬴͵˺硣
ϾȺƽԭҪö࣬ûסããϣ졣
ȻЩ̲ļΪϸҲΪ˷ֹоһĸֻħ켣С
Щ飬ҶС綼˴ˣвܶҶСͲܲ֡
Į飬ѾնɱԼУǳѵĹһֻĿģΪǸĿģǽеնɱνҶС粻ͬȻѾվ۷壬ˣںߵˣںΧѣȶԼҪں
սȻϣڳڣҶС綼ܵһĲб֮ŨŨĻңսпս
սǻҵĸԴһ˥ܵףΪҶСǸ˵ĴڣһѾ˥ˣϾѾû˷ǿߡ
˵Ƭǿзչ˺ȫҶСǸϣҪΪǿ߸Ͳܣƺһ֮֮ĸңָ
ƬǿҲ۲һ˳ΪǿߵĵԴˡ
ԴôһЩҶСǸ˽еԴȫռˣ˸ǸᣬȻǸռݵ࣬˵Ǹ˽еԴռݣҶСռˡ
ϾĵƫڣˣǸĮ飬Įܵ˼١
˵ƬǿУֻһ˳ɾҪΪǿߡǿߣǴƬǿ֮
սȻޱȣһĸֺЩħΪʵܲնɱߣΪԼߵѣˣƴԼҲҪսס
Ϊ˼룬䣬Щħ;һĸҲ
ƽԭȻֶ̬󷨵ĿûǸħҽ롣
սޱȣϻĶһϻǹϵɭѾõĲˣܶĲҩ֮õľѾˡ
һЩħһΣĶһɷŭ֮ʧ磬ľҶСдΪԡ
ھһԴƽԭϣҶС²ܿһֺЩħ˶Բߡ
һǿޱȵľޣЩ޸ߴ̺ͣŲ˼ÿһޣߴϰɣÿ߶һɽҡضŻԵѾǿˡ
ǾЩԸƽԭȻںƽԭ󷨿γһĻһ޵ĺ£ƽԭ
ûжκεǸʯĵġ
ִǡþ󷨵ĿǣĻֱӾͻᱻͬΪ󷨵Ƕִ󷨸ûа취ֻԼ赲


2487 ƽԭ
þ޴ħƻֻǸ˵һּƻǻмƻɵźƽԭչˡ
ǸΪҪնɱ˶֣ҶС˼֣ԷҪնɱȻںϳɱԴȻɣΪֱӽ֮ϵľ硣
Ȼ֪ԷĿģҶСȴ޷赲ϾƻȴҪ򵥵ضࡣ
ƽԭ󷨼ޱȣܹ赲סҶСĸֹһ޴ħĿ¹УĻѣÿһƽԭ΢΢𶯡
ƣҶСףƽԭ綼ҪƣʧնҪռ죬µʱ򣬲֮սǺʧ֮ս
սǧǰܹʼˣһʼʱ⵽ʱЩӢǵǿҹλǿ˱չأȵ֮ҶСѾɳ
ɳֽܶʧ磬ϧҶСնɱˡ
ߴǿĴ˼ɣ˭ҲûǸȥ
ȵ֪ҶСˣ֪ҶСпǺˣҶСʵ󣬸Ӳȥˡ
ʧͺ罻ĻƬǿշչΪѸٵʱ򣬵ȻҶСֻǴӦ֮µĸֿԽ룬˷ǿ֮սʱЩǿ߲л磬ϧǵΪնɱǿΪûֳưµͷ
˵ΪΪҪģֻҪΪˣʱ򣬽ɽֿɵã
ҪնɱҶС磬Ҫ̲磬ν˫ս
ףƽԭôͻȻôңʲô飿״̬ѹҶСͻȻܵƽԭһɻϢϢչ֮ǰǿʢ̫ˡ
Ϊƽԭڶʱڣᷢʲô飬֪ոѹͲּȻҵϢ
ҶСɨΧڷ˻յټȻʵѾ˻۷壬ǱֳսȻޱȣһ۷ָͲĶ֣ܹһս֮ȼˡ
ǰʱ򣬻վͽ̻Ǵľڹ츳һʱǻչƽԭҶС绹ǱȽϷĵġ
ʱ¶һĨ֮ɫƺ˷ǳֵһ㡣
ϣһ˳ҶСͻȻ
¶һĨϲɫ֪ҶСǼĻ붼ܹϽĻӦǣ
ӦҶСߵļŽһ仰ֱƿնȥҪ鶼ҶС磬ҶСһ취
ڣҶС羲ĵȴţһԤУٴγֵʱ䲻Զˣһսڼ
һսҲǾʱ򣬵ȻҲƬǿУڻĴս
ѾԣУֻĿģΪ˴ﵽĿģһУôƬǿе
ɴҪնɱҶС磬ȻɣԼĵɱԴΪһ㡣
޾ΪƬǿյıԴ֣û뵽Ľܾˣڰ£ԷѾߵֻʣҶСʯֻҪʯ飬ͳɹˡ
ʱÿһ죬ҶСоͻһݣΪһٳûоѣΪȴһ칮̣һȥ˵ʵƱγɾ޴Ĳ࣬ʱսҶСܣߵҲ䡣
ʱҶСӦ˻յϢһӴӸӵ˳΢΢һ̾Ȼ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ôҲˣҶС
ֻӶһƬƬϼγɣƬϼγһͨһֱҶСڵԺﵽ⡣
ƬʱӰͨ߳һɫȹװŮǻգһŮɫۣӡ

ŮҶСһƣʯǰϼ۳ΣĿ϶ͣ󣬱Ͷ˻ա
ϣʲôˣôƽԭޱȣҶСɻʵ
ǺƽԭкܶħһģĴƻɱˣ˼ƻҪƳõ󷨣ʹıǷ赲ˣҪȻ롣ɫص˵
ƽԭԳһܹĽƽԭУǳص󷨱ˣºƽԭЩǳص󷨾Ҳһˣãҿûбݻ٣ҪȻɵĺǲޱȵġ


2488 ľż
˼˵Ͷ˾һ壿ҶСɫòÿ
ھһЩħѾ൱ʳʵĶ󣬵زȻħᣬ̫ˡ
ǣǣЩ˿ܲǿƲסԼһ㣬üΪ񣬹űӣܶƽʱĶŵˣޱȡҶСɫܲÿոϽ͵
ܲҿҶС¶һĨɻ֮ɫչֱΧڣһһƿأԵƿأΪﵽ־磬ɢķΧҲΪѾܹƽԭˡ
ƽԭĳǳ๫һǳУԼʮͻȻһҾƹڷ֣ǲǶԾƹеߣǶƹݣһֲƹݲ˾Ͳݵļơ
ЩдһĨ֮ɫħ
ҶС΢΢ü˿ҲʶܲԾ
ףʲôͻȻ䣬ҶС緢ЩüĴһĨĺɫȻɫͿҶСĹ⣬һʱ̼Ҳ鿴
ֲô񣬿üĴƬ۳ĺɫ֡ҶС
ƹڣҳһţкܶ߶ʮ֣߳ȻֵĶΪΪȽϸߵˣоԼΪУЩ˾ΧۿͬʱǵĿһС
ʱһͻȻ£ϼڣƺҪϼһ㣬ƬУһӰ֣һӰȻҶС硣
ȻҶС٣۳ӰˣʵҲΪǿ
ˣⳡսڿƽϢˡ
ȷʵþöûмˣ֪˼ҵʵڵʲô硣
ۣһǵһμȻֻһȻһ˹ݵĳ嶯
ҶС֣Χܶ۷׷ףвгݣ𾴺η塣
ʱƹһζ˷į̃ȵҲһ˵ľƹڣһʩΪ˷۳յģҿҶСڽǳʱн϶ƣҪȻⳡս϶ᲨķΧ
ˣƹݵǽ϶һѷ죬ҶСһʱ䣬ƹݶữΪ棬ȥǳصƻҲǲܡ
ɣ
ҶСͳҴһĨغͱˣһֱ˵ʣ֮һϼڷֱ뵽Щڡ
ʱ䣬ռ·һ㣬ղŻһޱȵǶסˣ·Ǳʯһ㡣
ǡ
ϸ΢ЩϷһּΪĸо
ʲôܸ˺ĸо
˸оɭĻš
쿴ϾȻѳһѷ죿
˾ĿŸղЩĸ֣һ𾪣вţƺһѪ֮Ȼܹѳһѷ
ûеʲôһµʱЩֵƬƬ飬·մһ㣬֮ȫΪһѳ
ֻһȻ˿£治֪ʵﵽʲô硣
֪ʲôʱܹﵽ־硣
ܶ¶һĨڴ֮ɫ
Щ֮˻ȫҶСնɱˣȻҶСʣһˣ׼ϸЩ˾ôַӡ
ҶС˵һĻȻĸʧˡ
պҶС̸һЩʧ飬ҶСƺʲôһ㣬¶˵Ц⣬ûйúǰԶһѷ죬һӰ֣һӰǱҶСղǵƵ֮ˡ
ƺеɻҶС͵Щ֮Ի¶ЩħֶΣҪӸЩ֣ҪԷôЩ
˵ҶС˫Ŀбų⣬ĿǿҵĴ͸ԣƺܹĿͨ͸
Լʮʱ䣬ҶСͻȻ֣ƾȻõӣϳ֣һץüġ
ջƣʵʱ˫ָһöɫͬһĶöɫ·Լһ㣬ҵĶţֻҶСиûĿܡ
ʱ߷·һɵӣĿһľżһ㡣
ô£ôʧȥ꣬˿ܣɻʵ
˵ĲںͿûʲô𣬸˵Ӧľż


2489 
ЩħļȫĨֻʣսܣȻԷֲһƽԭΪˣЩ߲ô񡣡
ҶСΪս͵
Ȼֿ˵ķҶСĽͣΪ֮ݡ
ЩǺֶܼΣ֪оĿƼûУԷֶξ൱һˣһ൱ڶԷһγԡҶСø߿Ƽļ
ҶСεĽͣնԴˡ
Ȼ˸ôôҪʱܴ۵׼ҶС綢öɫһĶбų⡣
΢΢պ˫Ŀвƺ˵ЩĪĻ
һööŹֵγɣûǺɫڣɲǼ䣬һϢöڴҰžľ޺һʮʹӡ
ҶСһӵʱɫѳһѷ죬漴ΪһžʧУǲҽҲȻֹ·öɫӾħҲһ㡣
ˣտҶСʣƺЩţҶСƾղöɫӶܹնɱ۳öɫӵħ
ˣղöɫ̺ԷľҸ⾫ֱӽ幥ҶС赭д˵
Ϊֽһպһܹնɱе֡һĨ˵
й޵飬ҶСû˿ĸ˺ƽԭ߲㣬ܶ˶֪Щ顣
һʼ֪Щʱһоįͱ֪Լ˿׷Ѱķ֮Ȼ֮˵Ĺⰲ½ģǵþΪںϴǺ¯ӡ
˭֪ЩĶʹ࣬Ҳһ
ϡͿ˷֮ϡͿĴӷ֮䣬»ص۷壬ֱ̣һΡ
飬ܸһ֣ģĸоҶСһ֪ǲľ
ҶСΪûбɣΪΪǿûʣ飬Ͼ˼ҵأʳҲǺܺá
ҶСУҲ֪˾һЩħ֮˾Ҳѹ
ҵĵûƣĵȻҲûƣޱȵĸֺĵѾƣһʵ֮ϣʱսҶ붼ҪܡҶСҡҡͷг˵ǡ
ô᣿Ϊ߾ƬǿգûĶ֣һܹʤһᶨ˵оǶҶСΡ
յҶСɬһЦ΢΢ҡҡͷΰûм޷ԷжôĿֲ
Ȳ͵һͻƣӦԣ˵ӵڻ֮ϵ֮ޱȼɵĵط
̣֮ƬǿձǱԴ֮µʱݻģ޼ɵɵĻƬǿնᱻɡ
ǰʱҶСһУȻǴ֮£սʤ˶ԷǶԷܴ֮ĸдƺڶԷɴ֮£ûʲôܹӳ
֮ԻԼôģΪֻԼһ·ϣ߸ͽ飬Ķ
εҶСܵ˳ѹ
նôˣ˵ˣ˶붼ţҶСδϣƬǿյϣ𾴵Ķ
ߵ˶ĸҶС
û뵽ԸЩ֮˵İ취ںƽԭѾЩŪˣĿǰܹסƣ³ȥƽԭ᳹׵ĻңҲƳޱȵǵ˵
УǽЩȫնɱһΪ׳գһЩͨĨɱЩ֮üĴĺɫӡǣĨɱ˺ɫӡǺЩ˾ͻ᳹׵ıɵӣҪ֮նɱҲԡҶС˫ĿбųһĨ⣬һ˿Ĳ̡
֪ЩϣЩħΪЩħЩҲҲħ
ʱǲˣһɵҲޱȾ޴ģˣҶСֻ¾ĽЩƵնɱ
ҾûбҪնɱЩ˵֣ǿֽЩĸüĴĺɫӡȻַͬЩˣЧƺá
ҶСĿ΢΢һԡ
˵ţҶС˫вһޱȵ˿ߣƬ̺˿۽֯γķģȻû˸ղƵüĴ


2490 Χ
ҶС۳ĹӡüĴʱбųһĨâҲ֮ǰôˡ
ˣҶСһַȻԣҽЩڸ㣬һȥɣ
ҶС罫Լ۳ĹӡջأȻһâָбųֱû˻յüģɫӣöɫնɱħķпЩѾû˼ĿտǷȫڸ˻ա
Ҳһ߰ɣҶСָ˵Ȼ㽫պ˳
ڻ뿪ҶС羲ģ˼һӰɲǼʧ󷨵ͥԺڡ
תۣ뿪˺ƽԭȥ˺硣
ʧֹۣܲܶսʧֶܶ˺ƽԭƺҪںƽԭеõӻ
Щִͨ˺磬ƺúƽܰȫⲻ֪Ǳǰƽ
Ϊ˶նɱһЩһֺħҶС׼Ӻһ߿ƼСսս׵ȵȸսĶЩ󣬶ʧսмİ
صкҶС㽫Լ뷨ŷǧе鶼ŷǧ
һʱ䣬;£ʮСսսס
ƼĺôǲҪԷΪжߣֻҪԷٿǿһ޸֮ˣҲܹնɱ֣ǿƼ
һʱ䣬ҶСĴ֮£սս׵ȵȫͨͨʧ硣
ڳ֮ǰҶСѾŵİţЩȥƬЩħһĸս
ҶСĮԭϻģݶɳȥսսףû񶫷ɡ
񶫷ѾΪħʻսͲٿս׵ĸֵΪǺǿһǱħˣʧ̫ˣοѾ˾һħĸݵأ̫Σˡ
˺Щֵİսת˺ܶ࣬ˣҶС綼ûһ˿ĸ֮ɫ
֪ЩǿθСˣսΪؼĵطʤˣһħҲᱻȫնɱʧˣƬǿյ鶼
һƬǿյʲôǣֻʵΪеĶ
ʱţһħĸԽԽ࣬ܶսСԷɢǸоԼ˿סˣƣ
̫ǿˣҶСúĸְæҲ޼£ȻҶСҲкĸֶȻԶԷ֣һ뵽ǹĻЩ
ԷȻаշô϶ʲôֶζԸôĸ֡
Ȼˣսûжúħһʵȷǿߵĸ֣ЩȻ񾳣սѾ˷֮
Щսɱ¾һ㣬֮ݲһʬ嶼ûУ⻹ǹеľ⣬ȫˡ
һħʵԽԽǿЩսﵽ˷֮ĸֳɹĶܹ˺ƽԭ֮˵Ĳ鿴˺ƽԭƻƻźƽԭ󷨡
ֻ֪ҪƳƽԭ󷨣ƽԭò˶ҲΪǵĵ̡
ΪвԵʣҶС粻Գֻ֣ΧϧЧҲһ㡣
ʱһȥ󷨵ıƽԭҲֻҵĳ̶֮ҶСΪ΢ĸȫתƣٵ˺硣
Ȼʧطսǿʼƽԭתƣطĸ̫ˣǳ׵Ĵ·磬ԶԿֻܳ룬ееƽԭҪȻʧӲء
ģһЩħѾƽԭΧγһ޴İΧȦƽԭĸҪȥطͰ첻Իᱻնɱ
ҶС翴ôĸֶһͷۡ
ţǿˣѵĴսҪʼˣ
УĿҶСͻȻ˫ĿоһǿϢԶٶȼ졣
ԣϵϢϵϢƴһĨа񣬶ƻͻͣͬ޵Ϣѵˣô˵ΪѾ칮ˡ
ҶС¶һĨ֮ɫ
䡪
ͻȻ䣬ƽԭҵҷ˾޴֮һ㣬ܶ߶ֻŲ
ʲô飬Ϊλôǿ𶯣
ѵЩħѾǵķ
첻ʰΪλ鷢
ܶ߶׷һɫΪÿҲܵһɺƴµϢ붼֪Ǹ֣Ƕֽնɱˡ


2491 ͻȻ
һµϢںƽԭԵشֱ֮ͣӽ˺ƽԭء
һǿϢҶС˫ĿбųޱȵĹâޣȻǰܹоڣȫ޷٣ĻȻѾԼľ磬¡
µ˲䣬ͿԶյջΪ˻磬ǧޱȣҶС˫Ŀź˵Ĺâ
תۼ䣬ǿµʧΣһӰ˾ҶС֮ĵط
ȻԶǿѾܽˣѾﵽ˵ĿΧ
Ҷþòû뵽һķʽ֣ԸԶʧƬǿգҲַʽ֡޶ҶС绺˵ĿǷŭһĨʹޡ
Ѿ޵Ըˣûаʡ
ΪȻô࣬Ѿﵽ˻ľ硣ҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һ̾һ˵
ҲΪüؾ磬һرǻΣҲ˵ܹһĹ仯ΪǴڵĶ
ڶرǻƣĶӵԭȶһƣʱһսʱڻϵѾ˻۷塣
û뵽Էڻͻƣﵽ˵ػľ磬磬ܹԷ깴ĸ軭־磬ѾԼˣϷֲ١
رǻģϵĽһ˻ֶѾڴˣ˸ĸ
Ҫﵽ־磬Ѿķ롣
ȷʵѾﵽ־磬ڵ״̬Ѿˣ׵ʧ磬û뵽ֱ˻ɣ㽫ĵһֹ˳һǺ֮ǰԳһЦ˵
ΪߵˣıʱͼͻƵڴﵽľ磬û뵽һжѾɿˣûгΪ֣ڷ
ܲǵսûƬǿеıԴô¡ҶС絭˵
㲻궼ΪͻǸ磬Ϊͻƶսûж֣֮Ϊ뿪ƬĿգû뵽Ȼڣ˺ĽԼҲӡƬǿУ֮ûгɹǱֽţ벶ٴθ̾һ
α޺ܲǲܸͬһ㣬˵ػǰмڽͣһָϵĸо
ȻΪڵ޻Լֻǰ
֪ΪʲôҶС粻ʵɲǺϹˮ̵ģڸͲʱ
ҶСʻϵͽȻһ䣬·һؼİղǷʧˣƺ±һˡ
Ҷº󣬺һս˭ʤ˭һˣϣΪ֮޵ƳҶСһۣȻתȥ
뿪Զ֮ͻȻ֣һֻ޴Ƴգڱգһֻ֣ȫɹ۶ɣһ˿ɼӾϵ𺳣˸оһϢС
¡
һֻ£ƽԭҵ𶯣ǹĻҲˣһѷ˺ƽԭڣȥҶС½Щǳ⣬ȽϹϵĳǳУܶཨﶼѾݻˡ
һѷǧҲγһ֡
ƽԭ󷨶ǹӰˣؼγ˹֣ܶǳصλҲƶˣǾ޴ʱ½˺ܶࡣ

ҶС˫ĿųһĨ⣬û뵽޾Ȼʱ͵Ϯ͵ϮƽԭС޳ܣҲСҪƽԭľġ
Ҷ͵͸ɣ޹ЦЦȻ޵ģġ
ʱԶУ޵»ΪһŻȻγһɢؼ䡣
ǰܣʵǿΣҶСеĹâˡ
һƬϼɢΪһޱ޼ʵ·Ƭյ޼ʺ󣬶һŴ
һŴܿʧؼ䣬Ƭ֮죬ƺʲôһ㣬ҶС羯ʾ
䡪
һ漴ŴУҶСĿ֮£ŴΪһööӡģǷзһ
һҵţ·ҪϧҶСķӡޱȣ޷
ҶСɱȻ¶һĨЦȻһᣬôҶȻ⡣
ģ飬һǣǧ
ҶСһööķγɣȻûС
죬ըʲôһ㡣


2492 

һҽҶСӡдƺӵʲô־һ㡣
Ҷܺãܺãû뵽㾹Ȼܹ˵ңϧˣȻҵĶ֣ºһţҵڳԽʱ򡣡
һзĴݵҶСԺУһ֮ҶСɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬зӡ׳
¡
޴Ƭؼס硢ȵȸָǿȻֺ˳һĩյͼҶС綼΢΢һ
ɱ󰡣ΪܹشǽϣشԷ˺ܴĴӦƬرޱȾ˵
ϧǱҶСˣǰ˹ȥҪȻпܸҶС鷳
˿̣ЩǿȻֺ£Ĺ֮ǰƽԭûܵ޾޴ĹĻЩȻܹ赲ϧ޶ȫƬǿеعǿнƽԭһ֣ıһ˳ǳңңԵơ
һ󲿷ֱֵ赲סˣһֽ˺ƽԭϣܻȼգޱȣܶ߶ȼճ˻ҽһЩȼŻ棬ϱܲҽС
һЩط˪ܶ˶һܣҲһЩط׽٣·һһκɫ֣ܳһ쫷紵Щɫܷ·ɳһ㣬ɢ
ԭ͵ĺƽԭ˼ҵľ޷еҶСƺڰǲʣǷŭ
һһеľҶС˫ȭգкⲻϼɢЩֲָʧ
һƬǿеĶڣ֪жһҪնɱΪԼΪƬǿе顣
ҶС
ֱӷеߴͨͨг룬ֱͨǱߣ鿴ûоһĸֻħ켣С
ҶСҲûа취飬شѺʧΨһҲ˼
ôһֺħĽû󷨵Ļ֣Ҫ赲סҪҲܹ赲һֺħĽ
οѾԽսˣֻµʱˣһֱػںƽԭҪһԼĵԼʼն۷״̬
־磬κ΢СĲ඼ġ
һ˼׼׵ķʧ磬ع鵽УҲûа취İ취ʧֻʣºƽԭûбռˣطħȫûټ
ںƽԭҲˣֻ뿪ʧ硣
ͨУҶСĿһ߾һ߽鿴Щĸ֡
ͨԵһööʮķҫ۵ĹâЩâȫǾһֺħĿǣֻҪǽЩֵķΧͻᱻڡ
ЩĵҶС֧ŵģȻӵֶΣȻƽԭϾ޵ģֹṩοΪԼǾΪ˾ҪԼ
ΪŮһĺúõġ
ڷֵķΧڣһֽͨУ棬ľһֺħд̰֮ɫĶЩ֣ϧǾǲܽЩߣΪ
Ѿкֽܶ˺Уʣ֡
ˣˣֻҪͨҾͰȫˣ䷽ãû뵽ǸൽڻûзҡһüĿ֮ĿжһĨ˷֮ɫ
ʱͨѾԶˣֻҪһʱܹͨں磬ʱֻҪǱں磬ߣΪѾ
Ҫͨˡ
ͨһ˲䣬̲סһĨͣһĨӣƺԼǿ󣬶ӹҶСĲ鿴
ϧϵЦݲûгֶãһϼб£ֱӽ֣ǣϸ΢ѷ֣Ȼը˿¶ԼʵǾһĸ֡
ո¶֣ڷ£ֱɢΣΪΪ
ǲСû뵽ȻѾһĸֿˣҪȻ˲Ƕ֪
氡
ܶ˵һЩҶСĻ
ܿ죬ЩŶ˺УʧУûκߴڣѾȫˣΪ˾һħĵ̡


2493 һݴ
һ೹׵ĽͨУҶСһ˫лЩʮķȫʧ漴ҶСӰҲʧ
˿̣ǱѾ㹻׼սͬʱĿͨڣߣʣǼʮǿ߽٣¶˲䱻Ƭ
ͨƬط֮һ֮⣬дԤսԤߣ֪Щħ;һֵӡ
ں飬ҶС粢ôģĿǰ˵вľҪˣѾԼˣºһս׵ĽЩ顣
ҶСһӳ˺ƽԭϿգĿһҰ֮ڣƽԭ֮еһ龰һһ֡
ʧУֻкƽԭΪƣںƽԭѾľһħռˣһٻȫƽԭԼĵ̡
һĻֺ¶˱Ĺâ
Ϊһô׵õ𣿺ƽԭױȵķйǺúһɣ
ҶС绰ɭȻɱµ˲䣬Ѿĳǳصĳڡ
վڳڣһӡбųû˷ʮʱź¡һ죬ƽԭҵҡ
ҶСֹͣ˶һ죬߸еľ۽̨ȻСֻаƴСҶСġ
һ󷨣лصһ
صһĵһ飬ǽ󷨴ݻˣֹһĸֺħһ
뿪ʧ˲䣬֮ǰõһǳط·ǻһ㣬һޱȵ·֣ǸϾǣе·ӳһƬƽԭһѪһ㡣
¡
һޱȲõĹâʼ䶯һǿ̫ǵأ˵ĸо١

ʱ䣬һҵںƽԭ𣬴ľһֺħ
̫ؼ֮Щħ;һĸۣԵĿƣҶСӴ£̫ȫ˳ƽԭޱȣһС̫
ںƽԭڣһƾͷŶعȻƽԭУеħ;һּȫֻʣЩΪޱȵ۷ǿߣˣҲǰ֮ˡ
̫˺ûǧʱ䣬¸Կ
ҶС˵ĴһȻħ;һʧ˽ɵ
ڳ䶨֮ƽԭУЩǳȫѾˣЩҲһ
ҶСѾ˼һУһ˲ĹȫˣЩУ֪˶ޱȵĶ
ϧΪ˶Ըħ;һĸȫˡ
ƽԭг䶨֮ƽԭһƬϱڲԫ·سͷһ㣬һּΪĸо糹׵ߵ˾ͷ
þ֮󣬺ƽԭϿУۣһž۶ɣ·һ߸ϣƽԭ
۳һž
ҶΪںЩУ鶼ϣֻгԽĴڲҵĿ꣬ºһʶʵǰһսһ۷ĶԾֻϧֻһˣϣ㲻Ҫ̫ʧ
£žʧΡ
صһҶСͨǱߴϢ󣬳׵ķʧһֺħֲûдͨ£Ƿ·ȴʲôǸûҪ硣
ȻҶСЩһ棬֮ԲΪ񣬵ȵ֮һս֮ʱǽ֮ʱǲĴս¹ƬǿУδ
ҶСûжú㱻ŮΧˣŮһǵĺͼʮֵҶСİȫ
С磬ûгʲôɣ
Ľѩʮֹĵʵ
û£û£ڻµʱ䣬º󣬾һжʱҶСЦЦ΢΢һ̾˵
ֻС磬ĽΣǶԶĸ㣬ҪǾһҪȻҶĵĻšĽѩһᶨ˵ŮҲһ
ŮǵҶС֪Ѿ˾ҪǸıѡ
οˣе鶼ʧŮҲһ
ģһŵģΪǣΪ˵ţҶС翴һһۻﻹһ˶ԶǣңԶʹ


2494 
µʱ䣬ҶС׼һŮں絽ߣһں쳾ԼĵԲһĨ⣬׶λܹѵĻǾֻǿںˡ
ȻЧܱܶ࣬Ȳںϵĺá
Щ֮ǰҪһЩ飬ȻڣƬǿкܶŶѾ⿪ˣȻЩûн⿪
Ѿ˿ҪսʱҪŪ
һУ񹬵ķΧѾռ죬ôķչѾкܶܶĸˣЩ˶һ»
ڵĵ죬ȻѾһʥˣ»ޱȴɢŵ»Ĺ϶ˣһ޴Ĺ֣һԲһ㡣
ǿֶΣǿƣ֮ϵ»£»һ
ʱĵϣҶСͻȻ֣ûԼΣЩѲߵ¹߿ҶС󣬹һ
Ȼ¹ӵܣһˣҶСȻޱȡ
ƺܵҶСĵ񹬹Ŵ򿪣ҶС绯ΪһӰС
Ȼǵˣû뵽ܹˡ
˺˧
ܶ¹ӵܶ׷ۣϸֳĺΣƺǶ˴һ㡣
ԹŮӢۣҶСܹ綼ȻĴ氮ĽֻҪҶС繴ָͷǶԭΪҶСůϧҶСûй
񹬴ڣҶСӰ֣һҶС͸ܵһգ·Уһ˶ûС
Ƭ̼䣬һµ֣Ӻǧǰһû˿仯Ҳһͬգ˪Ƕ¹֮ϵ϶ӡ
㻹ǧ궼ûб仯ҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ѵ𣿡һ䡣
ǣ˵Ĳ˵Σģ֮ǰأҸоѾˡҶС¶ƣ
Ƕƣǿ͸̫̫Ķ
ľԶԶԶܶ飬һ۾ͻῴ䱾ʡ
ʲô£ĬƬ̣ʵ
ѵûͲֻѡҶС練ʵ
֮ûпһģϲһˡһһҶС磬񻺻˵Ȼ̧ͷƺһ¡
ҶСôһ˿룬ĻҶСҲʹǸͷ֪һѾϰˣϲֵĳҹеһ㡣
κθ鶼ȱһ棬κҲһȻΪܸߣ񣬴ĵףһĨĵľη
ףˣʱ飬Ҳûмԭʼ˵Ŀ𣿡ҶСͻȻʵ
ûУԭʼʱʱΪصһˣû֪ΪжߣҲû֪Ӻζ֮һʮصĸоǸʱУҲֻۺΪϤˣ۶֪Ŀɫص˵
һ˵ˣɫء
Ѿ֮ǰˣԭʼǸɣҶСѾˡ
ΪѾ߳ǸΡ
һʼʱ򣬶ԭʼˣҲǱžηУΪּϿԭʼ˼Ϊ򵥣пǼ
ôˣѵ㻳ûʵ
ܣˣ֪ʲô𣿡ҶСٴʵ
ֵ֪Ĵ٣ÿγֶòͬĹǺһս۶֪Էĵʲô˵룬ʵѾزѵڰҸое㲻̫ܡ
˭֪أ׼һֱڰҲ˵ҶСЦЦ˵
ɻĿҶС磬֪ҶС仰ʲô˼
ûʲôֻͨһЩѣ磬ûνʤߣʤˣ˭֪ǲǱһеأҶС̾һ䡣
ҶС粻ͣҲûʣԸˡ
һ̸ۺҶС˺ܶ⣬֮ǰܶɵ㣬һ̼䣬Ҳȫ⿪
ɵ⿪˼ͨΪһ̼䣬Ҳƺ˺ܶࡣ
ºһһֱڰеǸһսǸʱ֮Ƭǿգ᳹׵ƽǴӴ˺ԶʧҲӭһƽʱҶСŹâ˵
ҪЩʲôֱӿʡ
ҲһսУ뽫һ򽻸㣬ڣЩħ;һĸ֣ҶС翴˵
áֱӴӦ
һʱҶС뿪
ʼŮںߣ̤ûȥأʶͬĻڼ䣬ҶСҲڳڻȴ֮ĵ


2495 һս1
ºҶСѾȫ׼УҲѾ׼սͨڣΧߡ
ǶҪԼļ԰þһħ벽ûо£ֻһǻѪ
һսһ˶˾񣬺缸֮ϵĸֶһսУûмսˣͨӡֻȵȸָƵĸ߿ƼۿǱߵ
Ľ˵Աڸý˵Žս飬϶¶һĨأ֪һսغˡ
ҶСһս˲սˡ
С磬Ǹȥɣ
ͨڣŮһ֮ɫĿҶС˵Ǻۿһսһսһȥ
ŮǵҶСеˣ飬ôܹŮǹۿأּս΢ɢһֻܹΪޣο˭֪᲻ͻȻŮԸ
ػƷ
ҶСҡͷʮּ˵УǾʹں磬ңҲڹʱһˡ
ҶС̬ǿӲŮûа취ֻöͷͬ⣬һоǵǡ
һһŮӵҶСӰ黯ʧˣʧУҶСӰʧһ׹ҲͨС
ʱսҶС綼ŷǧջкüִͨսĸ֣ҶСȫȫӦ
ʧ磬ͺһħ;һĸ־ۼͨڣ飬һͷɢŨѪϢϢƺܹ˵ꡣ
ҶСӰͻȻ֣һ̣оһĸֺħĿͶҶС磬ȴûһ֣ƺĳһ㡣
ҶСֺһ׹ͻȻϮҶС磬Ŀһƺܵʲôһ㣬˽䱸¶һĨ֮ɫ
ֻǵ׹ͷΪһֻ޵ĶСѾ£Ȼûб䣬ȴģС۾һԶĺӡ
û뵽һս㶼ˣ治ϣ¡ҶССƤë΢΢һ̾˵
ѽѽ
СӶСצӳҶС翹飬˷ۺɫСͷҶСģһֺõӡ
ǺǣǾ͸ҰɣһսҶСЦЦ˵Ϻ죬ƺеĳȫȻڡ
ҶСĻСѽѽĴţƺܸһ㡣
¡
ͻȻ䣬Įϣһɿֲľ𣬹âɣҫ磬һɿֲľɢʱ򣬲ʧ˿ˣǺҲˡ
ǿжһֺɫֺ̫ɫ̫ƺܹ˵һ㣬˴ĳޱȵѹ
ѵǵλ𣿾Ȼôǿ󣿡
Ҳ֪һս
ֹܲˣʧЩ߿˵Ǹ˵ʵǳǿµĸѾ׵ռʧ磬ǧҪռˡ
ŵˣͣ
һսܶ˶ǳģͬʱҲΪҶСͣǲ뿴ԼΪħ
߶ͷֺɫ̫о֣еģָӵƬռɢ
ʧ磬ƽԭͨڴգһž޴֣һž޴һ
һ˴ǿҵѹȸУƺ־Ի
Ҷӭǰҵĵһɣ
ЦһžЦ漴ΪһֲĹֱӹᴩֲͨĴӣʱ䣬ҶС˴ͨд·Ĳҽ
һʱ䣬ҶСɫ
þãſ˵㻹޳ܰ
һսһֲ뾡ܽĸоìܵɣĮ㣬Į˵ս
Ĵ˹쳹ƬУ£ʱħ;һĸֽͨУ롣
ûй飬ھһֺħ飬Ѿ˺ߣƾƼֶκЩǿߣѾܹ赲סħ;һĸ֡
ҶСһѾʧˣٶѾҪԽƬǿյĽޣٶȳֵʱ䣬Ѿ
ʱݣȫѾˣɽĻľȫݻ٣ҲüΪϡ·һʱ˥ʱ
һĻĻҵľҶСһ޷ıߣɱĸˡ


2496 һս2
ʧĮһӰգϮɫɴ֯һ˿Ĵһ٣һɫ˿ϵڷϣһ׼Ķ˴硣
һ˿ûУգֶӵĻУ»ΪһзȵĶˡ
ûжú󣬾ԶͻأһӰһӰҶС硣
ˡĿƽҶС˵
ǵģѾˡҶСҲͬƽ
ϸĴҶС磬ƺҪһǳҶСϼµСʱб˲ޱȵĹâ
úúã룬Ƭǿγ֮ʱһƱԴڽ֮кܴİճԽеĹâ·ȫСԼɵĶ
ƺԷСѽѽĻӶСצӱʾԼĲ
һʼҶССͲΪʶ֪СҲ֪Ĳ
ƬǿһƱԴƬǿձӡҲܹ˳ĵϧڻ̫Сˣ㣬ڵСӡ
ֻҪǸʵҶССƤëοȻĿĶ
ҶΪҲ֪Ĺעʧˣ㿴һˡ
ſһЦûһӣһͽ
ҶСͶһĨЦŮָҪϸָɶһɢĿռһš
γɵɲǣһӰӹ߳
һӰʱҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һɫüΪѿһ̼䣬ͻָ侲
û뵽ɣҶܹҳò˵һλţȻֲֿĹĽϧûˣĹҲˣ˵ûɣϴЦ˵¶һһо֮еӡ
ûȻҶСһγɵĵ߾˳ںһ⣬ĵͻ覴ãҲ²Ķ֡
ҶںˣͲҵĶ֣һ׳ɣһЩ˵ҶСٴ˵
һ̼䣬һֳУƺƳɹһĳɾ͸С
ԭ㣬ԭʼѾ뵽ˣصĻҶС綢˵
¶һĨȻ漴Ц˳Ҿԭʼϧ֪̫һЩ
ô˵һеһжıģ޵ûнʱҶС綢ԭʼʵ
һжΪΪƬǿеıԴ޴սȻشҲ˲ᣬʱΪָҲһֻͣˣҲģҪԽ
һӡƬǿգΪ˱֤ƬǿеıԴʧƬǿҵģһжҵģ޲һ˰ˣ
ô˵ʱʱЩоħҲڱƲҶСٴʵ
ǣһжңʱʱеĵԴܹںԲҲôһռԲôƱػʱ϶ᷢңȻնɱҰӰƣȻ۵ˣħǽɱһ飬ֲȱع򡣡
˵ԭʼ¶һĨ
ʱΪЩ飿ҶСʡ
ҲǣΪγӴޱȵԹƬǿеһЩĹһŲں޷֣ܹ赲ס
ÿһУҶһ˿˿Ĺ򣬲ҽԹסٺ٣ıǧţɹһʱڿʵҵˣҶҲ赲ˡ
ԭʼ˵Ůһ޳ָһգҶСһγɵ飬ΪΪڡ
ɲǼ䣬ΪǱ˺ܶ౶
һĻҶС˫Ŀ΢΢һ֪ʲô
ҶҿڻʲôҶԭʼҶСЦΪԼѾƻҶСԲĵκ˶޷ԿˣնɱҶСҲֵ顣
ʱҶС粻òԭʼĻ̫ˣΪ˴ﵽĿģϧһֶΣ¶Է֪֮ĹǴҶ֪һЩ飬Ȼ󾭹㣬ġ
֪ԭʼ˲û뵽ȻǸ޴սˣص̫ˡ


2497 һս3
ףȻһϣ
ͻȻ䣬ԭʼϵ֮ɫʧĿƽԶƺգֱӿ˼֮Ķ
ĻҶСҲ¶һĨ֮ɫ֣һںɫ۵ĺ־ǿնΪȻǷǿûиı䣬Ϣȴ֮ǰ˺ܶ౶
Ҳ߳Լ·ڵǿߴսУɵĵԴȫųˣҪȻ綼ˡ
ܺ־ǿѾ߳Լ·ǺȣȻ̫ˡ
ҪʲôҶСԴߵԴ֮òûм־ǿû뵽Ȼˡ
Ƭ̺һƬѪӿ־ǿӰ֣ȻѪ˳Ծǲû׶Ϣһ͵Ϣһĸо
һɱӯҰƫƫǾȿѵ
ϣʲôԭʼĿƽһ־Ӹµļ־ǿ
־ǿûдֱӽĿͶҶС磬ҶС磬֮ɱ֮𣬱Ϊܹ֮и˶ϣڿҲûлˣεһսҲһսҲ֪᲻ҿԻˣһΪ񣬲ɱ޹֮ˣ֪˰ҲһҸҸоѾһ֮ɣ
ãû뵽㾹ȻһƬɱУ벻ҶС̾һ˵
ССϣԲѡ⻰ԭʼЦһ˵оǳͲм
Ҳҧ󡣡־ǿֱԭʼûһ˿֮ɫȡ֮Ƿǿҵս⡣
ߡ
ԭʼһ·鷢ŭһ㣬ޱߵϽٶ£־ǿһ죬˫΢΢һҪĳ嶯
ҶС羲ĿһУûвУ֪ĺ־ǿҲһˣԭʼʵǿҲ˰

ԭʼֲѹ£־ǿ쳤Хһͷȫɺɫ޵Ĺâ
һƬѪ֣ѪУϣһӰȶɢŰ͵Ϣ
ԳΪȥˡԭʼܲͷ˵һħӰħӰһţź־ǿɶȥ
ħӰſµ֮һޱȵѪӺ־ǿɢħӰڣԭʼϵϢš
̰ʡޡŭǧ䣬ֻء
һŹֵڴӺ־ǿзɫׯϣһõɮɢ͵ĹâǹϵѪ𶯡
ѪиȶЩӰʱ䣬һĿɢΪ׶Ϣ·ǾǶԴȪǾƬǿĴڡ
ʱ־ǿԽԽͣѪеӰȴԽԽ׶
һĻԭʼ¶һĨɻ֮ɫƺоЩԾĵطֹܸͣɣеĸ߰ȴͲͣ
ߣҼŻʲôΣգԭʼоԼΪѾƬǿյ۷壬ǰ˲ֻǸϣŲŶԷˡ
ź־ǿĲѪЩӰȫԭʼħӰС
ʱĲţ־ǿԽԽϢΧѪҲʧ˺ܶˣ󣬺־ǿ¶һĨ΢ЦɢΪ˴Ҳʧ
ҶС磬ܹҲֻôˣȻж㻹кޣһжѾҪˡ
ں־ǿʧ˲䣬һݵҶСС
ʱԭʼǵħӰƺɱһ㣬Ȼ¶ɫ漴ڡ
ԭʼϵϢ˺ܶ࣬ҶСܵ˳صѹ
ҶڻҪһս𣿷׳ɣҳԽһµһʹӡԭʼЦһ˵
ͻȻ䣬ЦȻֹƺʶʲôԾĵطһ㣬¶һĨţһĨҡ
ҶСϸȥֻԭʼϳֳһЩ׶ޱȣһֻֻһ㣬צ˺ҧԭʼ˺ҧꡣ
̫̰³ҶС˵
ѾˣǺ־ǿ䣬־ǿɱӯҰֱе֪жЩӰѪȡ˶񣬱˶飬ѹճ׵ķ˿
䣬ԭʼⲻˣǷ˵ʹࡣ
ܣܣ⵽ʲôԭʼҽһޱȷŭ˵ͬʱ˺ԼƺҪЩӰȫɢϧЩЩѾѪ⣬꣬޷


2498 һս4
ʱ򣬾һ塢ħͺĸѾʼսˡ
ȻħײޱȣǺҲǸ߿ƼЩɱ޴󣬲ҷˣֱǴɱЩħɲˣҲΪսս˲ء
ŷǧյ˵ͳ£սʮڿǺĸռϷ硣
ħ;һѾɳĮߣͳһЩսֱӽʧɱ¾
ҵս𶯺ܶ˵ģһֱţΨЩ̵ħ;һֽᡣ
ȻǸ໹ǹҶСԭʼһս֪ǾԵһսħһֺսȻϣڣûĥҶСһʧܣϣûˣе鶼
ʱʧĮԭʼ쳣־ǿ֮ǰʮַŭΪԷһССϣƶԷȻ޷
ԭʼԼץˣɫѪҺ͸һħԣӳЩȻɼ𲻳ȥ
ܣܣҵΪΪβɶ䡭ԭʼϵɫʹޱȡ
ߣ㲻ƬǿգҪȻͰѲˡҶСЦһ˵
죬Ҫ
ԭʼҶСһħһعѾѣƺƬռͳܲסħ
ҶСϾ죬һɢһƽ͵
ħ
ҶС絭³֣γ˶صĲɫģԭʼɢħ磬ƺһһ㣬ȫʧ·ûгֹһ㡣
ܺã㲢ôҪȻͲˡԭʼǳ׺ݵĶҶС˵
ʱΪԵʣѾһȳζĶĶĵĲٶˡ
ħ
ԭʼһħϣӿȣһħħһƬħƬħϣһΰޱȵĹؼ䣬ԭʼǹ޴ϣ·޾ħݹ
ԭʼħеҶС綼ܵһϢƺһ¹򣬳ݣͬʱڳȡڵӴ࣬䡣
ɣʢ
ҶС˫лһĹ켣ϼԶγɣһ޴İɫɣţţγɿռԽԽɽоγɵĿռڹ鵮Щĸһƽɵͼ
ֽȻͬ໥ײʱ䣬¡¡Ƭǿգһ֣ϣǸûжΣ
սֲ̫ˣ˶ľǽ
ȻĮȷʵɸ߿գ˶ܹں˶Ļϳһһ̫ɫ̫ɢаϢһУǹɫ̨ϣϢƺǡÿƺɫ̫һ㡣
߶ͷеս֪ǺɫͰɫ̫ҶСԭʼ
ɫɫϷײ˶ģޱȣֳʵ̫ˡ
ô᣿ѵǵ·磿
ɫ̫ɢĹâôͻȻôࣿ
ǵҪ𣿲ģģһģΰˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ƿ˾һе֮ɫˣǲԼˣҶС籾˵İΣȻⲢΪҶСܹǣϢҶС磬ϣҶС˶ѡ
ֻĻϺɫ̫ȻôۣһУԴƺҪɣƺоƬǿڽСɫ̫âҵޱȣһֺ󾢲ĸо
ɫ̫Ͱɫ̫γĶԱȣƺͲͬһһ㡣
ʧ߿У˿ֲľѧײһҶСǾ޴飬еҲһʧ·ɪʱڣԭʼħеħҲһһ飬ħһѷ졣
Ȼ䣬ͬʱһȭԽƬǿյĽޣԺһУ¡һɽ˳ӿĺˡ
ǡ
ȭͷ໥ײ𣬽űǹͷѵһֱӵǻС
θ˳˺Զľ룬ҶСһʺѪҺԭʼֻɫ΢΢һ䣬ûʲô仯ˡ
㲻ңȷʵѾ˲ˣһ㻹ʲôҶԭʼһЦЩмĿҶС˵


2499 һս5
ս
ҶСƳͨÿһͨѾ˻ܹԼʵı֪ԼʵԭʼȽв࣬ѾֵزŬһʲô취أ
Ȼԭʼʵƺһ㶼ûܵӰ죬ͬޱȿ£ÿһͨȻɣҲȱĵѾ˴ɵı֣ÿһͨ񺿣ɢǿ֮
ױ䡣
ħ١
лҶ


һͨϴʱʱʱһڵѷ죬ҲһΧһƬռ䶼Ѿ˻磬þòܸԭ
ǵսѾ˷ۼ𣬽һرľУƺԼĵ
־磬ҪһޱѣΪѵõжֲֿ֣սУһһΪ
ʱĽţѾͨˣƺͨѾΪ˹ȥǵĹ豹棬Ϊ˴һȭȭһƵײӾˣǴĵ
䡪
ԭʼһȭҶСǻ֮ϣ˿µʱ䣬ҶСɳϰٹľ룬Ѫ䡣
ǻλϣһ޴ȭͷӡγɣƬѪⶼѾˣһƬľһ㡣
ԭʼսôʱ䣬ԷʵӣʵҲӣϧΪĵûԲʵûжԷĿ죬һԭԽˣձԭʼһȭ
ȿȿȡ
ҶСؿڵλòϿԣһѪҺ˼ء
ѽѽ
Сˮһ׹ⲻҪĴ룬ҶСڣҪ޸ҶСƣϧҶСѾӿһҪڶʱѺѡ
ʱ˿ɫ̫Ȼɫ̫âµʱ
ԭʼ˹ӸµĿҶС磬㲻ҵĶ֣ҵʵѾ۷ľ磬л㣬Ҫ㣬ҵʵҲôѱ䣬ֻҪ㣬ֻ룬Ҿܹһٳһ벻ľС
ѽѽ
ԭʼСǳŭĻӶצھһ㡣
ߺߣһɵ֣㻹ǹԹԳΪҵʳɣ
ԭʼɫ˵ֱһ죬µĹâ˳Сס
ҶСɫһ䣬ճɵֱӶվһҪԭʼĹâնϣС
Ҷ赲סҵģʵѾ½ˣ˺ܶʵ
ԭʼ˵һ䣬һֱֻ̽ҶС
ȻһƽޱȣҶСУֻƣƺΪ˺ɫᣲҪ׵İƬռ
ǿؿڵʹҶСӳһȭȭͷȫۣеҪƵ֣ܹȳС
¡
޴ͬ˳һǵصģҶС·ܵػһ㣬ٴһѪ˳ȥСȴԷнС
ⱾԴ֮˭ܹκңԭʼЦһֱӽСӡȻӽԼĴָС
СһƱԴȻҪɣȴʱɣǵȵҶС֮ɴܹﵽԲȻƬǿȫΪԴɣɾϾ硣
Ҷ𲻷Ϊ£ıô꣬ڿҪɹˣڲҵĶ֣绹˭ܹ赲ҡ
ԭʼ緢ʮִ󣬿ޱȣʸƬǿֻҶСܹһսҶСأѾˣͲĶ֣ʱһֳɾ͸Уһָߴʤĸо

ͻȻ䣬Ƿʲôһ㣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ĿԶ¶һĨ֮ɫûżŶҶС綯֣ǰĵȴš
Ƭ֮һӰϿѷһŮӣŮ󣬻ʮӰ
ŮȫںУò
С磬ôܵزأŮͣҶСߣʮֹĵʵ
㣬û£ûµġҶСǿһЦ˵ŮӾҶ档
ǽ㲻ãû㡣Ҷʮ˵漴ĿͶԭʼдһĨ˵ŹС磬Ѿôصˡ
û뵽ԭʼĿҶ˵
ŹС磬͵һˡҶ⣬촽һĸоһŮӱ˱˺Ůӡ
վҿԵʲôûзԭʼҶһĨѵõ飬ȴһݲҶ淴
Ҷҡҡͷҧ촽ʵѵĲԷŹС𣿡
ԭʼɫϱ任ҡҡͷʮּ˵ܣǱұκ֪ȻǷŻɽοûҵĵͲܳ׵ԲҲܽ볬Խľ硣
˵ԲԲҶСҲûȱˣʱԽֻҪɵ飬Ϊһ
ѵͲΪҶһ𣿡Ҷٴʵ¶һĨ֮ɫ΢΢ķ
㣬ˣֻԼֻĵ㣬ֻãûʲôԣѵ㻹𣿿ȿȿȡҶСȰ˵
Ҷ潿ĸˣԭʼƺҪԭʼһ
ûûܹ赲ҵĵߵİɣһȥ㡣ԭʼٴ˵
ԭʼѾ¶˾ģҶ촽ҧˣѾ׶ԭʼڱϣˡ
ܹһʱ䣬ҺС˵˵ҶԭʼĿʮƽ
ԭʼ¶һĨ֮ɫ漴˵ͷоҶСѾʲôˣŮ˻ôһĨУȻն˸顣


2500 һս6
ԭʼԶ֮ҶΪҶСһǵѪȻ˵ԲС磬ңҲ֪ôܣȻѾ֪ǵ˵ֻеһͣǽȻϣڿһϣûˡ
˵ͬʱҶѪɫʮֲ԰ףƺܵ˾޴ʹһ㡣
㣬㡭ҶСһ¶˲˼֮ɫоһͬԴڣֻһܹҶȴƫƫ˳ʮ𾪡
˵˵ԴӼ֮󣬽һԤУǰ㣬㲻ܽԼ֪һŲߵˣ˿ĿԷʮʹ߰ıʣǿֹýû뵽ǣֹķ̫ˣ֮⣬Ҳûܹ
ȻĵûдɣýĵɣҶ˵¶һĨ㡣
٣ǣıǵȻʧȥ˺ܶ࣬ǵõĸ࣬ǧһֱϣһսϧ̫ˣãûа׻һ
ǰ٣̫лˣһһս
ʮʹͬ˵ǵĻﶼǷģְһֶҶС֮顣
ǻ£ʮ˵Ӱ黯ΪһӰϴЦݣҶСڣ·ֽ־ϣġ
ƺܵЩԾԭʼȻŤͷֻʮʹѾʧˣҶҲ黯ΪһƾҶСڡ
ɶŮˣ׸ʲô
ԭʼ˲ҶСǰһȭ㽫ҶС˳ȥֻʣҶһӰһĨ㡣
ⲻҪĽ֣ΪҪôΪΡԭʼֻʣһӰҶûʲô飬ֱӰʧԭʼӦ
ҶʱûʲôоʧˣпյģƺʧȥʲôΪĶһ㣬Ѿնȥ˸͸ܲЩ
۽һξӨˮʹ࣬ǺڣֻʲôС
ָ۽оָʪ΢΢ҡҡͷô᣿ǵģҲΪκᡣ
ͻȻ䣬Ŀһ㣬ԭȴͲŵ񣬱䵽ɭħͫ
ҶȥҪΪĥǧ
ԭʼһһֵ˵ԼҧԼ촽֪ҶС޵ʲôز
¡
һȭգֱҶСȥƺһҪҶС
һȭҪﵽҶСǰʱҶСͻȻ䣬˫ĿһĨˣ֣Ƴһεɢ
ء
޴ҶСɹ赲סԭʼһȭڿֲĳ£˵˳˰ٹ˻ĺۼѾ˻硣
ôܣԭʼȶκ󣬵ɴ۾оǲ֮ɫ
ҶС绹Ķ֣ڿӺʵһˣ΢һЩνܵˡ
ܣôʵƬǿҵģҵģûܹҵһСԭʼĺ
ûʲôܣΪҴﵽ־磬̫ˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
ȱһ⣬ҲȱһĸҶʮʹͬԴǵһοҶʱ֪ĶĶһܶࡣ
ȻҶСȥģʮĸܺѾʱ䣬ĵƣûһ˿ȱ飬µĿ
ҶļУҶСҲ֪˺ܶණ֪ҶΪһС
ʵڴսûпʼʱŮѯʹûʲô취ĵԲʱҲûж룬ģģĸڣ˵ֻҪͬԴôͿǿ⣬Ҷһ֪£žԼҲǺʮʹ߲ܹҶСĵ
²ʮʹߵûĵԲǡãҶ油һ㡣
㡭ĵȻԲˣԭʼܲŵĶҶСʵ
ѾԲˡҶС绺˵
ߣĵԲΣ಻Ǻ൱ˣͻƵڡԭʼŭĶҶС˵
ȷʵŭޱȣϴζ׼նɱҶС磬ȴûնɱɹڸоҶС綼Ѿ֮ˣû뵽˱仯֪ôģһֺܲĸо
𣿿ѾûлͻˡҶСվ˵
ʲôʲô˼ԭʼиΪˡ


2501 
ҶС粢ûԭʼƺͲԭʼУĿԶɢޱ͵ϢϢƺѾҪԽƬǿյĽޡ
·ɳĮУͻȻ䣬һĨȻ漴һҰ˭޷󣬻ôӵĮоȻ̵ܹҰ
㡭컯֮ĵʲôһеԭʼٶ¶һĨη壬ŨŨɱ
ҶСչֳʵҶСǱ̫ˣоŨŨĲ
컯⻹㲻ϣв컯ҶС绺˵ϵϢ͸Ȼˣһ֮ĸо
ڰɣҶС绺һ˫ӼΪƺ̺һһ㡣
ش󱯣ͬġ
˵ĻһŨı֮ƺΪƬǿеΪЩ˳ȡ
һεΪĿʼӣԽһɽԽݣԽʧеĵطʧͺеı϶赲Ϣ
һ̼䣬Ǿһĸ֣ЩħߣжһĪıˡ
սЩ֫кǸսĲкĴ̼ˣгһĨΡ
ǶӵΡ
壬Լֹͬͣս˫ֺϲ΢΢ЩֻǲŻԼ˵Щʲô
һ̼䣬һ塢ħྐྵȻûսվһǶĳرľУ˵ԼĻĸ
һЩɢôһ΢ҰҲһ
˺ҶСͬ˾ͻῴâƬǿɢһγСϪγγ󺣣󺣡
ȫ£ҶСϿգγһ©״ûҶСڡ
ԭʼɴ۾һУĿЩֲЩûĻԻʧ
˷ȻȥҶСĿǰ״̬ȴһĨ޷ֵĸоƺһ
ģҪĲĽ֡
ԭʼͻȻɫͨеɫһ˿һ
ûжúЩȫûҶСڣ˫Ŀ˫Ŀܹ棬ܹһ顣
𣿡ҶС
ܹɨǿգƬǿ֮Щܹ֮Ŀ΢һܹƳǷӡ
ûʱڽƬǿִΪһ
оԼһ֣̤۷ĸ֣ⶼƬǿձӡĻ̫ǿˣҪȻҲһӽ۷塣
ʱҰУһɢŨûʲôܹոΪҫۣЩħ;һĸַ׷ɢʧΣƺյĸ֮ơ
ѵѾ
ǿնž֮ʱһͻȻ䴫ƺ˶һ
ϣˣûпЩħʧˡ
һ̼䣬˶żĵỨ
ŮҲ¶˼Ứв߶ţСС硭
㡭Ѿ𣿡ԭʼɴ۾Ȼܲŵʵ
ҶС粢ûлشԭʼһֺĿ⿴ԭʼʵڿף
ʲôԭʼɻʵ
㻹ǲףԴƬǿձԴʧܺյĽ־ѾעˣԴݻΪһֲתĴƣûܹת㲻죬أ㣬ܹ
ҶС⻰ʱ䣬ԭʼͬ⵽׻һ㣬ɫ԰ޱȣ૵ҴҴ𣿲ܣûûǸŮˣҪȻѾԳɾ볬ˡ
ԭʼʵ
ҶС羲ĿһУûҪ˼
ͻȻ䣬ԭʼƺ뵽ʲôȻЦҶҶţȻѾȻɱңҲֻ֮еһңԶ֪Ƭǿежٸҡ
ܹƬǿ鶼նɱʱ񲻾Ƭǿյ澴η֮𣿡
ԭʼ¶һĨ޿ֵĹâѾ·źˣҶСҲܽȫնɱ
ΪЩԼѾһ壬˭Ҳ޷
һӵȫıƬǿһʮһ㣬Ӧ˵ʮһڡҶС绺˵оš
㡭ô֪һУԭʼɴ۾ָҶС˵˻ܣҲܹٶȻȥĹؼû뵽ҶС羹Ȼ˿˵һжٸ
ȻҶ֪ǻ֮ôܹºأΪǵֻôɵģֲǲ֪õܹģҶС糰Ŀһԭʼ
㡭ԭһжģԭʼһɴ۾ҶС磬ƺûô¡
飬ÿ˵ܣʽҲ˵Ļ˭֪أû飬ҹ͸¶ģǵѾѣҳٳûջΪľɣֻ֮Ҿܹ֮΢ϵѰҵǵڡ
㡭㡭ôԶ
ΪβܣҲ²⵽˿ͷͽ֣ȴûв²⵽̣׼ѰҵЩ֮󣬾ջǵ⣬ԼԲӶһû뵽㣬ǾȻˣһȫңķʽȷʵ죬ʡҴʱ䣬ϧҶС¶һĨˡ
ԭˣԭˣҾһɵӣıô꣬Ϊһо֮Уû뵽ǡýȦСҲҲµȻҪһˡ
ԭʼ쳤Хƺһ㣬ͻȻ䣬ѳһѷ죬һɹɾɢЩǱ˵Ƭǿе
Уֺ֮ɫ̫ͻȻ䱬˿ֲĹâ漴ʧںɫ̫ʧ˲䣬ƬڵŨܶ۷ĸָǸо֮ͨ΢΢ɶˣֻҪٶŬܹ֮
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ҶС粻ܹŹЩˣЩ˶һԭʼֻҪһпܾҶС粻Ƭǿܵôֺ
ǵһ˸ҲֻˡҶС΢΢һ̾˵
һ죬һɹʵĺۼ֣ĮƬеʱ䱻ı䣬ʱתղŷһĻĻϵˣڲϺ˵ĻУҶСһֲֻץתۼ䣬ҶСͣƬ»ָ
ͷ˺飬ʮģӰץУЩӰҶ桢ʮʹߺͺ־ǿġ
ȥɣ
ҶС˵һ䣬Ļƺ̺һħһ㣬ЩӰȫʧˣĳ䡣
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֮Ǿٴμˣʫ𣿡ҶСĿ˿ʫ꣬ƺҪʫԶ˫΢΢Ӷ䣬ʫʧˡ
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ȻܹƽƬǿ֮ӡûô׼ȵʱ֮ٽӡƳ
ĳĳĳգҲ֪Դǳս֮󣬹˶ãƬƬһ¶һƤֵҶСƺܵʲôһ㣬¶һĨĵЦݡ
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磬һȻŹӷϵСУҶСӰ֡
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ƺصʯСС
ֽɡԣ
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ּȵ
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