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Ϊ֮츣һΪ֮ڷףΪ֮Ϊ֮
ҶƽԲݸ֮ͶٳԲɫȨסģı߳һٳĿׯ
Ӵһֱ·»ü£


001 ·
زѧѧ¥һƬïʢСֱ紵ö
һԼʮһСŮվڽѧ¥¥УԱߣľɫƺҲڲš
ҶƽϽѧ¥һۿСŮвһæǰȥУҵš
Ƭ̣УҵŴ򿪣һŮʦ˳ɫ糺ؿҶƽһۣŤͷҴȥ
ɨһŮʦҶƽת߽УңѧУԺʱڰ칫ǰ
У˼УǮ˼죬ϣһ߽УңҶƽˬʴЦһԺֵ
Ժһߵ۾ҶƽһۣȴǶûȥȲ䣬ı飬װƵס
еһͻȻƨɣҶƽһʱ֮飬æǮ˹ȥ
СҶǿӣѧУûؼҳǮˣˣɣҶƽȥǮԺһ¹ӡ
ǺǣУ̫лˣھûȥϿΰɡ̽ԺҶƽдЦص
һᣬҶƽһֱģԺķغһʦǸҶܷܷȥϿΣ
лˣлˣһԺĻҶƽæЦֱʾлת߳Уҡ
һУңҶƽСŮһԣʵûǮô˵ûǮ𣿡
˵׾͸ҽǮУû꣬ûǮĨһ۾Ҷܷܷһʱˮ
ҶƽһʱĬȻﲻԣΪͽϴѧ˼еĻûϳУѧѧУýǮУ˼ûнѧУ֪ͨҳϿΣؼҳǮȥ
֪æ֮ǰԺ棬ȻʹǮҲȥϿΣҪʦİۣԼСҲĸɲԺҪġ
ʱҶƽ˵㻨Ǯöԣ˵ĺ統ңһڼ󣬵ǳʱ򣬲öŶӡ
οһҶƽ߳ѧһ·Ժȥ
һ·Ųٵˣǹ·ĴҶƽ·ϵͷţ쵽ԺʱͻȻһճͣԣһˣߵǰͬ־ȥ·ôߣ
һ̧ͷҶƽ㶵ȥʲô
˵ȥһףҲ·
Ҷƽ⻹Զģ·ҡ
ü˼һµͬ־ܲܰæǴ·ᵢܳʱģ
ϸһҶƽһʵһȥ
æǵȻˣٰ͹
룬ҶƽһЦǺðɣҼҾģ˼ң
Ǻǣ̫ллͬ־Ц
Ҷƽ漴˳ʵͬ־գ
ҶƽҽҶƽ﹤
ɲЦ˵
ҶƽҸյϰ࣬ĸũģ
ũʵڰ˸̾һ䡣
ҶƽĬƬ̣ʵô뵽Ҫ׵ģ
˵˵Ʒʺãĺܣһ㳢
ҶƽƷʺʲôãҲȥ
˾ȵôõ׻ȥ
Ҷƽգ׵Ķ࣬ûҪ
һĬȻ˵ǼҲ׵𣿡
ҶƽǼҲûȥĸҲΪż
ȥɣ򡣡
һۣҶƽͻȻʵǴӳˣܲܰ·
˳˼һ£˵һȥһ£ҵϵô
Ҷƽ̫лˣҪף
˵һͿˡ
һҶƽܲףǻȥ·вУ
˺ǺһЦôУ·׳ԣ
Ҷƽûϵģȥ͸ǣǰ·˵ǻ㣡
Цôǰ
Ҷƽüʲôŵģũ˶ӣ
˺ǺЦãһ·ǮҪܰ׳ף
Ҷƽֵ˵;ˣҪǸǮǾǲԸǣũںܿ࣬ȥ
һһʵû˹𣿡
Ҷƽҡͷ̫࣬û˹ܣ
ɫʱҶƽҲǿ򳵴⣬һį顣
ӵֱӿҶƽļſڣũ˻ټСһһСγ̻Χ˹Ҷƽ󣬼æһߣ³
ũĺӣЦЦû£ǿɣ
һ˵꣬ЦΧȥ
Ҷƽҡҡͷ˼
һţĸ׹ӭ˳ҶƽͶ˵裬װõףѴҪԣ
һҶƽôͰԼѣ˲ݸһЦ֮ǰմϰķԸףŵطԵһˣǮֱӸȺڵϡ
ߺȴָҲ·ҺҶƽ·һŪףֻҶƽòҪǮȴеΪѡ
룬һ£ҶƽĸȥŪȥˣͳֽңԱһСݣĵ߽ȥȰǮҶƽ˲󣬹ǾѾԶˡ
ȸ˵һˮҶƽŵһ£ȻͺĸһݣȺĸ˵ýǮУ£֪ȷʵûǮˡ
֪ҶƽҲٶ˵ĸһװ
װúҶƽĸһ˿һף߳׼ᵽȥһæӭȥӹǴףҶƽһŽ˳
װ˳վſڵڼҳ극߰ɣ
Ҷƽתﻹ飬ˣҺˣ
ûĸ˵Ҷƽ˳߹֣ʾлҲ˳
ųȥ̾һ⺢ӣզһӾӵĺף
ڻȥ·ϣ˶ҶƽСҶллˣ׻㰡ŪӶģ
ҶƽǺһЦأҪȻôܽйףʵ۳ԵףĻǻʵ϶ǴӸˣ
˴ЦоҶƽʵڣһǳȤһǲУ񣬻ʶԳԼѡѣջǲ٣
һ·̸˲֪ͻصʱͬñطѣҶƽһδĸоۿ˳Ҫ˸
˿˿һ£ʹӳһ֦ʣһ绰룬˵ףʲôԴ绰ϵңǴ׵£һȥԺ취ܲϵϴչУҴ绰㣬ĵ绰һ£
Ҷƽæĵ绰ȻӹݹСֽ
лл㣡ºЦЦ˵ϳţڰˡ


002 糤ĺ
ԶȥҶƽͷ˿еСֽСĵرȻתԶĲԺȥ
ӰʡѧԺҵ䵽絳칤˵Ѿ£ҶƽߵԺſڣ̧ͷ˿ǰѾϤ¥ʹţ˽ȥ
߽󣬺Ϳŵкֱӳĵ칫ȥ
絳칫һªĶ칫С¥ڣռԵ÷ǳխһʮƽ׵ϾɷڷƾɵΣ϶˵绰ֽļϵȸֶȥӡ
Ӵ͸⣬ڵĶܿҶƽ߽칫ҺĿһɨͿ칫ҵͬ졣
ǰ淢һըԵ£￪ίï͵ţͻȻؼί˵ߣûлĻ̻̣칫ҵͬҲ⼸˽ŵһ㶼顣
һǼͬ¾Ѹװģ˻ȥһδӣƺǱڰ칫רǵ̽ӡ
ǵӣߵλǰһƨ£Ҷƽ룬зЦԼְСˣ칫ﵹ˺ϲС档
뵽Ҷƽͬ￴ȥֻԼİ칫ȻԵãһ˫С۾ʱɨԱСĳϡ
һǸӣҶƽüͷòᣬСƽʱϲ쵼С棬ҶܷǰСӿţŵĴˣţźƨţһ£ǰڰ칫ﶼסڿȥȴǸûƵģ˸е֡
һ˸еֵĻ֣֣ʸϣƽʱЦ˴˵ղŽʱƽʱһһ۾￴űֽʱддͷҲû̧û˾֣ʱ֣֣ſţȻ͵͵طЦǿƲסӣЦͣ
һűֽʲôЦģҶƽ󲻽⣬룬תͷһͬر۵İ칫СŮϡ
ʱһǳɫȹҲڲͣس֣ȥ֣õǶصıֽ칫ҾǿʼڶһСʱ˻ûп꣬һʱʱطЦ֣ǲǷʲô񾭣
ҦΰһİǺγ£ģΪǵıףһֱǵķǳ£òȥ
ҶƽһʱѰ칫ɨ飬ȥҪ˵ãͷ̤ʵӦ˶֪Դϰ󣬵ͷ糤ϵõľҳ֣Ƚ⣬˶ǸԭǺһϵˡ
ֻ糤ʱһֱǸѹģβˣûʲôʵȨΪĺˣûеõʲôôһΪߵýˣţҽںݺݵһ٣ʱȫë
ŷ֣ⶼڱţŴСԵʣ
˵£ҶƽǷǳߣʵʱûָ˭һϵ˼Ϊһղμӹˣûô뷨ֻǿ糤ܿζȴǺ۵ģʱһ糤ĹϵȻ׽ȴû뵽ţŻһ١
Ȼʱѹƣȴøһ£糤ҪӰ࣬糤ίǣӴ˴Ȩգôһӳ˵ͷˣҦΰǶҪվСŮ¶Ҫƨɺתٺ٣¶ÿģ
͸һյǳǳϣҶƽ۾·𿴵ǸŽıֻ֣Ҫ˵ΣߺߣǸǰʮ԰ڵԺһҪϵɫ
ǷǣͻȻ֣λϷһϡﻩعͷһֻ֣վڰ칫ǰȭͷգĿᶨվһȻʲôҲû˵ֱ߳˵칫ҡ
֣ŹֵӣҸ㲻ڸʲôһ뿴߳˵졣
ǺǣȥŻȥ֣һߣͻȻҲλǰվǺһЦȻתȥ
߳죬칫̾˶и˵˼Դһ£쵼εһְ˭Σ˴ĵ飬֣˵ֱָ㲻йء
һֱСΧһһûӹķۣ֣֮󣬱СԱߵҶƽСҶ˶ȥˣôﰡ
Ҷƽһʵ⻰˵㣬ǳȥʲô£
ǺһЦڿ糤ĺˣСλ
ҶƽһȴǲɫҲ֪˵ʲôλҲģ
һȴԱЦƽɲô˵糤Ĵ˲Щ°ȴǾ˼ҵĻ㻹Сһã
Ҷƽüͷûٴ骵Ļ칫⼸ͬ¸ʡ͵ĵƣҪ˳ǵĻ˵ȥǵȦף޷̽Լĵʵѡ
Ҷƽ𻰣һЦҲ˵ʱԱ߰칫ϵĵ绰ˣһֱû˵Ҧΰ绰ͶҶƽСҶ糤Ҫϣȥ
һԣҶƽæҳдõĲϣȾ¥糤칫ȥ
һߣʣµֿʼ۵صҶƽ
һܵ¥糤ܴ󸻵İ칫ңһţҶƽͿܴŵ绰ͨ绰һ˫Ƚϡ
Ǻǣڻǲһ£ллˣվſڣҶƽܴ󸻿Ц
һ绰תͷҶƽܴ󸻵ǰڳһҶƽæǰѲϽȥȻվһԡ
ֽӹݹĲϣܴؿ
һᣬһܴ֨󸻷˫ţ̴ֵݵһӵ˳
СҶݲдò֮󣬲ܴ󸻿佱һ䡣
Ҷƽ¶Цݣܴ󸻿һֿۣαϣȴͻȻʵСҶ£ʲô
ܴ⣬Ҷƽһ֪λش糤ǺţͻȻߣҿȥЩס
Ҷƽû˵ܴ꣬󸻵۾⣬ѲһˤסҲСҶҶһ㣬ؼʱ˭Ҫǲʵҳְ
ǣ糤˲ܴ󸻵ĻҶƽæӦԴγԺ󣬲ܴ󸻵ƢԽԽǸ˷ǳ˵ǳͰ糤ˡ
תܴ߳󸻵İ칫ңҶƽеظһ֪ôģһܴͷͶ˼ֽţԭʱһǰܴ󸻼ԼʱЦ棬ϸػȴԭǲ࣬й֮޲˸е
ܴ󸻵ķԸҲΪѣǰ칫ҵͬ£ȴԼǣҪ֪УǺУֻǰǺεˣܴ󸻿϶еΣȻ˵һأΪѣ
Ҫ뵱쵼ĺ˿һ򵥵飡ҶƽͻȻ뵽


003 骵ķ
ڶһϰ࣬Ҷƽڰ칫ͻȻӵԼĵ绰
֪ʲô£ӹ绰Ҷƽ֪Ǯ£糿ǰݴɨʱзСϷżֽңûע⵽Ϊʱŵģ绰ʡ
һ£Ҷƽ뵽׵ǸʱûǮ£ΪӦԼҪ󣬵ڿô¡
һ룬Ҷƽ裬ǮǮҷŵġ
軹ҪǮģҶƽ㲻ٶʣһŹҶϵ绰
£˰ʱҶƽ°ʳ˵㷹ȻصԼԷԺмŵᣬסĵŮ
žʱ骴ܻŮᣬһžͽе㣬ҿ֣˸Ų糤ˣ
ڴһŮԵ־ڿһӣֻһۺɫ˯£骶ǵŮͬ־ͬסһƽʱϵòʲô鶼ͨޡ
һʱûףе־ʵ骣˵ʲô
ѸոտһĻ˳ԭڴ֮ǰȥϲ칫¥ǰͣµļճû⡣һһ۱㿴ܴ󸻸պôӰ칫¥߳ΪҪŰ£Ҳû⡣˭֪ͷ֣и糤ȫһǰһشӰ칫¥Ҳ˳źͲܴһ˼ճ
һĻʮֵسԾȫǵίίԱ糤ܴһֱã˲ܴ󸻵ĳûʲô⣬֣ܴûаëǮĹϵһһֱǵˣôҲ˲ܴ󸻵ĳ
һ룬ȼճ֮һҲûе飬˻һ飬͵ذе־ӵһߣʵ骣ɿˣ
骿϶м٣˵˵⵽զ£
ͬһͷˮ㲻զ£Ŷ̶̼ʱ䣬Ȼʱ˲ܴ󸻵ĳҪ֪ԭţŵˣܴ󸻲˸ӴţһΪһϵ˶ѹô֣ȫһ˲ܴ󸻵ĳ̫˸еˣ
֣Ҳǵģ쿴ͺ֣Ҳ˲ܴ󸻵ĳҪ˵ԭȻûʲôϵܴҲûʲô飬ôҲܴܵ󸻵ˣôûҶƽΪʲôûҶƽ
ͻȻ뵽⣬骣ϸ˵ûпҶƽѵˣ
һ骲ȷҶƽڲڳ˵骣ȥ￴ڲڣ㿴ˣȥҶƽķ俴һڲڣȻǲ˽
ȻȷԼ˲ܴ󸻵ĳǾһ˵ҲԼû߿ˣԾӳĻȥֱ˴˯¶ûлҶƽķȥ
ʱҶƽԼϴˢϺֻһڴϴ飬ϴѧʱʼϰ˶ν˰֮ڼϰһ׵˶νеǳ˳֣һֹսĸо
ҶƽǰڵĵţͲ²Ҷƽûиȥһ룬ߵǰ
˭Ҷƽ̧ͷʵ
ңСҶ
û뵽ᵽҶƽҪ֪һǷǵŮˣޱȵԸзߣ˵ʵڻԳҲǷǣһҹﻹμͲ˵ˡ
һ£Ҷƽæ˴´ϣþˣɣˣν
һ򿪷ţҶƽŵһ˵Ҫڣ۾ſȻǴ˯ģ
ҽȥҶƽһʱſڣؿųǿҪѪһƽӹȥֻǰ߸ߵɽ弸Ҫֱ֮͵һѣ
ҶƽæԳԵʵ㣬ôˣʲô£
ǸӣЦһ£ղŻû룬Ҷƽʱ̣࣬ȻҶƽúǲǶûֵ뷨
ͻȻͦͦ߷壬üͷһ壬˵СҶôԼ
Ҷƽ󲻽⣬˵㣬û̸ŮѣԼб˲ɣ
һ⻰̿Ц۾ҲҶƽۣҶƽ˵ȤģҲޱȵǿ׳Ǹǿ̫ˡ
վҶƽǰŵһǿҵĺɶɵϢҶƽǸʵıҲʱʶԼ˯һͬµķǶôĲˣñ˿ˣķԷʱͻᴫ
һԼ飬ЦЦСҶ˵糤ôûȥһ˴ڷ
ҶƽûЩףֲܴҪôẰĻǺ֣
Ҷƽ㶵ӣͻȻʶԼ˵Ļ˲ᣬ뵽ܴǷģһЦԲСҶ˵ϲ糤ȥˣûһȥ𣿡
ûУҶƽ
˶飬˵֪˭ȥģ
Ҷƽֲ֪ң
ˣ˵ҸһϢ֣Ų糤һȥˣҾ㣬ٺú룡
ȻϢҶƽԳĶʱǲ飬˵㣬㽲Щ˵ĻЩ
Ҷƽһۣ骿˵һ飬Ҷƽ֮һʱס֪ͷʲôζ
СҶһˣЩҲö˵Ҫǵ˵ΣҪչһ㣡
ɨҶƽһۣ˵仰ûҶƽӦת˳ȥ
ųԼʧҶƽͷԴڴ͵״̬˵Ļһ˸еʮֵ𺳣֣ôŲܴһȥԼȻΪˣϵʱҲûдȥҪ֪쵼ϳȥһĶǴ£Ůȥʲô¾Ͳ˵ˣǴȥһڰ첻ñ֪Ҫ飬ϵϼ쵼Ƽɲпܡ
֣˸Ųܴ󸻳ȥпЩµеһ㲻ˣôҪ飬ô䵽˵ͷϣԼΪ׽ôûֻ᣿һеʲôԭ򣿲ܴ󸻵ʲô⣿һ⵽Ҫʲô飿


004 ·ֹ
Ҷƽһʱ˼⣬ʱڶдһܴİܴЦǺǵһ˳Է
һĻм˾ȵϤף˲ܴ󸻼ճ֣ȫˡ
ǣҰȫ֣СˣҵұۣǶһưɣһƣܴЦŶǸ˵
ʱ׵λãһνӴ쵼ԭţŵʱ򣬶ûдֳϣڸŲܴܻ٣ＤˣоӴԺҪˣ
֣ȫ΢ЦǶʶˣ˲ǱˣǶصĹٳί˳
ð֣һǵУͬѧȫͲ˵ˣֻСͬ־ǵһμȥᰡ˳΢ЦǳͰص
æվ˳Ц£ܴ󸻵ǣСᣬȴǲСǲĴһݹͣ
˳ǺǺһЦȻȴ᲻صηֻһҪҳϣܲȡý
غ˵һסǵĽ̻壬Ϊ糤ǣ
̴ܴĻ˵Сô˵ģΪ֯ΪҸˣǵ˸Ҫ˵ǻģ
֮ʲô˵ˣһʱ
ȫվǣɶҲ˵ˣҾһƣ
˳ЦŶƱȫһȫ֣վǣҺСһһơ
֣˵վǳŵ˳˾ơ
˾ƣܴЦŶ˳˵ǣܿǾҪس˰ɣ
󸻣ɱ˵ûأҲϽλͷʲôûǵ£һᾡǰţľͲҪ˵ˣ
ǣǣܴӦ
˷ܴ˳һ¥ߵ󣬾˳ǣҴһЩ׺ˮͼȥ
ϲܣôָϴģһûгأ˳΢һüͷ˵
ܴ˵ﵾ״գҲȺڵһƬ⣬Ҳ࣬͸ͼȥɣ
˳˵ײҪİɣϰտˣ
ܴ˵ǮѾˣֵ˶Ǯһ⣡
ܴ󸻰˳̾һû˵ʲô
ڶ糿ҶƽһҲû֣£뵽ԾͲˣͶԲܴ󸻵˼͸֣ˣȥգԼǳԼ飬Ͼܴ󸻵һЩҲҹͬԼҲûбҪĻȥŰ칫ҵͬˡ
һ룬糿ϰ󣬳Ű칫ûˣҶƽ׵Ǹ˴һ绰˵˵Ǯ飬̽һܲܰǴҵ׵·
óСֽҶƽϸؿ˿ĵ绰Ȳһ£λ׵˻ǲ򵥣Ҳһˣֻǲ֪ܲܰǴʵ¡
ź˳ȥ绰һ֮ͨǱ߾ʹһϤһλ
һǸ˵Ҷƽͼصǲ磬쵼ã
һҶƽЦԭСҶô֪쵼
ҶƽǺһЦҲ绰ˣǵĵ绰ǵ쵼ɣ
˶ʱЦСҶרŵҵĵϸˣ˵ʲô£
Ҷƽ쵼ڼ﷢һЩǮ绰ңһŵģ˵ҪǮȴ͵͵ǮǮٻ
Ҷƽһ˵꣬˾ЦǼ׵ǮôٻңҲ֮УǮҪٻңҲҵǮ˵ô
ûϵҶƽһʵǮ˭ģ
Цһµ治ܸ˵ͲҪˣǮͲҪˣҪ绰ǴҸҵ·ˣǾ͹ȥչʱٸ·
һ˵ϵ׵£Ҷƽǲ֪˵ʲôˣֻһмص죬쵼̫лˣҪ֪ˣһֻģ
˺ǺЦǧҪֻСҶҰҲֻܰһΣԺ󻹵ÿԼֻҪ׵ãӾӪĺãǵײ
ҶƽҲܰӴȥʱȥ߾ͻĽˣ
ûٶ˵ʲôţϵȥչǴס
ͨ绰ҶƽǳļǴ˽Ҳûע⵽ûȥǵˣǰæҪûΪȺڰ£Ȼ뷨ֻԼףͻǴף츣ϰյһ¡
ֻǲҪܴ󸻻㱨һ£Ȼܴû⵵£ĵǺʱܽίǵְ񣬵㱨ʱû취Э׵֮󣬻Ҫܴ󸻻㱨һ¡
ºҶƽע⵽볣˴ţڵ֪´˲ܴ֮˼ֻе㱾£ţڵʱǺˣţŵˣֱ˲ܴ󸻵ĺˣһ̰ҶƽȻ˵ǲܴ󸻵ĺˣˣҶƽһܴܵ͵СɫǻûΪˣ
ҪΪ쵼ˣģʹ棬ͶӪ͸쵼˼쵼ƨɺ棬ʲôĻ˵ʲô¶޲ðһĶͳ쵼Ȼ뵽쵼Ȧ֮ڣΪ쵼ˡ
Ҷƽܶడ
Ȼӣ˾ͲùҶƽλ⣬Ҫλˡ
ʱҶƽͻȻίԪ֣һǰһش˽Ԫһվ
Ԫĵֹ֣ܵ칤
֮Ԫ֣ǸλϣȻ˻ô£˵ҿᣬһʱ
Ҷƽ֮һ֪ͻȻʲôʱ
˴һۣԪǰ칫ʱо칤ʱ֣֮˳ͬ־֣СССҶֲϹСԺСҪշĵ繤СҦв٣ʱˣϣؼʱ̣˾ְ㡾ְأͬѵĹã


005 Ϣ
Ԫѵ·ֹ֮꣬תȥƺһҲԸڵܴìܣڵķֹ϶ǲܴ󸻵˼ܴ󸻱ѣҲûа취飬˭Ƿֹܵ쵼
ϢҶƽͷһʱͬ˵ζƿʲôζУǰ컹ŵεΣڿ̫Цˣܴ˰ţ
ղԪʱ򣬿ȥ֣Ҳ֣֮˳ͬ־ûиеκ⣬Ȼ֪Ϣ֮ҲЦţȥƺҲ׼һܴ󸻳ȥεֹҲ׸߰˰ˡ
֣˶ܵãֻɵ㣬һֵ֣칤Ȼе⣬Ҳûʲô˵ģʸ񣬹ƴ˲ܴ󸻵ߣԴλһ֮ǣ֣ǸƼĸɲΪʲôֱΪζʱֵ칤
ڶɵķֹǸһдСǾԵã⼸ǵεְȨˣڰ֣ȨܿˣҪ֣ʲôΪʲôôֹ
Լķֹûʲô仯ǸдϵģֻԭûȷѣȷˣΨһ仯ڵλǰˣԭĩλܴ󸻻ģûԭģķֹûȡ
ڳˣĻҪշĵ繤һЩĻԭ˶ɣֱȷʡһЩġ
⣬ҦΰûûзֹбΣա
Ԫ֣֮˴һۣһ䣬첻Ⱥף쵼ʱֵ칤أˣҲϣҶ˾ְСⷽ鶼ҪСٳ֣ʲô¶ʾ㱨Ҿ˵ľʾԸǲ糤СҶҪֲϹⷽСҶˮƽҷģǲ糤Ҳܷģûʲô˵ģСԺСŮͬ־ҪͳһָӣǷֹּңССҶʲôҪЭģǶҪЭõĹ쵼Ҿ˵Щһʲô
֣ȻһĬĬţ˵Ĺǽˮƽ쵼˵ôҶûʲô˵ģֻǹٹˡ
ҶƽȻˣ²ܾģ֣Ҳûֻܸűһˡ
֣껰֮󣬴Ҿɢˣȵ֣һ߳죬骾˵СǴȨˣ⵳γ綼ģţڵʱ㣬ţβˣԭ㣬ģ
ǺһЦ骣⻰˵þ̫ӹˣʲô㲻ģ쵼ɲ;
ЦЦû˵ͷȴڰСӼʹ쵼ˮƽ
ϣҶƽ֣кüвĸɲ֣һ뵽˶¥Էһ·깤ҾͿݣһӾ͹˳ǰͽһ¡
˼죬µĵĸ־ת֣ȥԼǵ˦ƹ˿˼ʹ֣Ҫӣʱֵ칤ֻһɣһҪ֡
Ҷƽһ⣬ɵˣ֣ţܴǷѾĻ֪ʱ֣һ£ȻٽܵĹϵܱģֻеֵʲôͨòܴ
ڰ칫ԳλŮͬ־ԴȺҶƽЩܲˣҪĹдϣʱת߳˰칫ҡ
û߶ԶͻȻܹҶƽ˴绰㣡
һ˴绰Ҷƽ׵飬㼱æܵ칫ң˵绰绰ͷ̴һϢСҶչǴ׵ϾҪȥǣ׼
Ҷƽϲʲôʱնף
ɣжն٣֪ͨǴȺ׼һ¡ͷ˵
һϢҶƽʵǸ˻ˣܴ󸻻㱨һ¡
Ҷƽ˵ӣһŷ˹Цʵƽʲô°Է˵ǵģڵ˰
һۣҶƽЦЦûʲô£Ǵоˣҵ糤㱨һ£
骺صôҪչˣ
ǺǣɣҶƽЦ˵꣬תܴ󸻵İ칫ȥ
ܴ̹ȻԼİ칫˳ί˳֧ϲίһְûκģϱţڿԴȨˣĺöɲˣԭǲһģֻȫ糤˵ˣǣȫŪ糤ȫǵ˵ˣΰ⵹ïҲһݹͣ˿ȥïͻȻץģʵݶأûⱳïһϼ޻ôô׵
ȫ糤λӣԪ˴ȥٰ֣Ūίǵλӣһǵİ칫ϣռƱȻľȨڵίᣬǰ칫ȴǾԵ»ֻҪͷܶȵǰ칫ᣬȻսȨ˵ˡ
ڰ칫飬ҶƽͻȻܴ󸻿ӣһ˵СҶʲôˣŻŵӣ
Ҷƽæվӵ糤һ£㱨һ£
һд£ܴϣϴҶƽʲôҪ㱨
ģҪչףжն٣㱨һ£ǲҪЭ˼ǰչҶƽܴ󸻻㱨
ԭΪʲô£벻£ܴһصչ׻ôҪЭ
ҶƽչĶ࣬ǲЭĻӰ쵽չ
ʲôʱϵĿͻܴͻȻ̧һƤʵ
ҶƽȫϵģϵңҴȥ
ܴż°ţ²Ȥ˵ȻǾɣЭˣҪ֪ͨʲôģ֪ͨչĴףҲǺ£Ǳʾӭ
˲ܴһۣҶƽŵ˵糤ĳܲܡ
ܴ̻һֵһ£Ӳã˵չ϶гӵģôǵĳӣˣȥɣҲͬ־Эһ£
Ҷƽ˵ǣļճһ£ûش尲ţڿܴǲܰѳһԱõģԼֻгȥﰲһˡ


006 
¥Ҷƽͣ㣬ܵԺȥҵ˿˵˵˵Эһ͸еţҲңҶƽһղμӹõˣĴͻ
ȻţҶƽ˵֮䣬вܴ󸻵ָʾͱʾֻҪչĴףǾʹȥЭṩص豸
ĻҶƽǳˣصԼƾɵг˳Ȼһ̵ȥ
һ·ȥҶƽصʱѾ۵òᣬ㿴ͻȻô£ӡ
Ҷƽȫص裬˵Ǵչףжն٣׼һ¡
һ˵⺢ӣǲ˵أҶô׸ˣ˵ʲôҪգˣȵʱ򣡡
ԼҲţҶƽ裬ܸ˵ǵϴǸ˰ɣҸ㣬ǰչģæǮҲ͵͵µģ
һҶƽĻһ˵ӣô˵ģչ
Ҷƽصص˵ͷû֪ͨҵģǾ͹֪ͨԺһҪȥ֪ͨһ¸ھӣȥһ塣
ǽ֧ǣȻҪ֪ͨȫ壬ø֪С
ﳵ岿Ҷƽҵ壬һҲǲţҶƽѾһ˵ԺһĴȵƽ°úãǴĴˣҶҸǴˣҴȫүллˣ
Ҷƽæ˵壬ȱлңҵðѳ˵ǰͷ˼չĿǴĽףбðǵĽ׿ɲУǴﵱˣðѺһأ˼һˣɱң
׵ƷʺãǰʱбȺðĿ̣Ҳܣ׳ʱҲԴγãĿϵƭԺڶؾͲˣҲɴȥԭ֮һԼˣҪˡ
һ̧ͷһҶƽС䲻󣬹ӵǲ٣Ǵͻˣ׼֪ͨһ¼ݣȰڿ²ˣСȶˡ
û⣬ƽھȥ֪ͨүǣͬʱ˼ҪƷյģƷʲã˼ҾͲգǾͲԴγˣĴҲ֪ˣһ£ŵ
Ҷƽһ룬УԼٶţŲġ
Ҷƽ˵껰֮ͼæųϡ
ϣϵʱѾϰ˵ˣＢꤣŪһųԣȻоϺƣȴǸеҸ
ڶһ磬Ҷƽڰ칫һװֵ˽ʵһλҶƽͬ־
ҶƽӦ˵Ҿǣǡ
˵ǵ͹˾Զ죬ףչǵĽ׵ģ
һ׵ˣҶƽǰס˺Զ˵ллллչǴף
ԶЦЦлҲҪƷʺõף쵼ϲףжȫչˣ
Ҷƽеǳؿģ˵һźԶ쵽ȥˣúԶҲггȥֻҪ·УȻͬ־֪Ҳϡ
˴֮ѵȺʱĸ׹ϵҶҲȺֳԼĿͻҲ¶ˣҶƽҶȰקһС˵ƽȰǼҵ׸ˣ
һȼˣڲأҶƽ˵ǼҵҪգׯҲʲôȻһأûһˣ
Ҷû뵽Լ˴˽ûţ뷢𣬵˶ȴңҶƽ˵꣬Ҳ˵ʲôֱӻصֳ뺫Զ졢塢ͬ־չ⡣
Լ쵼ʹĸɲģ⣬ҶͻȻԺСԽԽйˣҶһûг٣Сӻ᲻Ϊһ
飬ҶƽͺԶմͷмҵףȻͨȺڵĴףյԱɲͥĴףһѴе֤꣬
忴Ҷƽվģ鰲ŵ̬Ҳߣ̾ҶҵĺӿгϢ˰
ҶԱһͨȺȣ㲻뵽ǼҲͨȺǲҪȵˣתһ룬ԼȴǵԱɲ㲻ģû꣬ȺںЦ˵ҶƽһϸǵǼҲǵԱɲͥ
ȺڿҶƽᴦ¾ôǹԶԱ߿ҲȻֲףӴûûʵػŷӰרչףӣ
ֳ֮ͿʼմգտʼգͻȻһ˹ʵͬ־ǵǴף
Ҷƽһ߹ȥ˵үյĶǽףײա
˾ͰǴҲȥܲٶһ㣿
ҲܿҶƽתͷԶ죬Զ˵ǳԲô׵ģֻƷʺõףǲյġ
֮Ǻʧӣתˣ߱૵صҲֹף
ȥӣҶƽҲģͷӦ뷨Ⱥڽѣֻ˽һѣҲӦ취ʲôǣΪֻܰбʾͬˡ
Ȼ˺ģҶƽǼҪ֤׵ԲԴγãҲǽչıϣһϡͿˡ
氲ŵĺܺãյú˳˴ԼСʱֳȻ̧ͷճԶʻ˸ǰȴӳ£Ŵ򿪳ţܴǷֵӳ˳


007 Զ
һܴҶƽʱее֣˵ԼЭôҲˣ
ӭȥҶƽҲֻø˹ȥܴԶʵأ
߽ڴ岿Ϣأ
ҹȥܴ󸻻æԸ
ߵҶƽǰܴԹСҶô˵ף쵼ô֪һ
Ҷƽһ㶣ԭ£Ҳǰ㱨Լһ˹Э׵ģô˵û֪һ
Ȼ룬ܴ糤ȥ쵼˰̣ܴ˵ԼҸ̨¶ѣ˱˵׾͹ˣ
ϣܴ󸻴Ӧһû˵岿ȥ
ڴ֮ǰԶҶƽ֮¥˲ܴ£ܴһȻ֪ף˭Ƶ͹˾־Ͱˣ͹˾һǺŵĵλҪ쵼ͬ־ϵǳУҪ쵼Ҫȱʲôģ͹˾͹ȥ˵Ҫ쵼׽֮ˡ
Ȼ֪⺫ԶҪ쵼ϵô֪ϢҲҵڵܵˣһСС糤ǵﲻĸɲġ
һ룬ܴ󸻾ʹҴҸȡ˼Һ֮ǰһ档
ܴĴ¾˴岿칫ңһۿԶƷŲ衣
ã˼ˣ֪㵽ͼæϹˣܴԶͶЦԶ֡
Զһ̧ͷЩ⣬ûǰܵĲ糤֪㣡
ԶվתͷҶƽҶƽҲܵ糤ǳлչףר̹
ҶƽĻ֮󣬺ԶЦԭǲ糤ʧʧôĴݣ
ܴһʱε˵Ҳˣ㵽չȺڵĴףһ֮Ҫǲݻһ£ʧˣ뺫һ磬Ǻúñʾһ¸л
Զأ벻糤㹤ææģﲻСҶھУ
ȥԶ˵úϣǲܴȴܸоԶҶƽϵеӣתͷҶƽСҶ︺պףúϢô
Ҷƽ֪溫Զ糤ҪвУȻȥҺͺæ֮ȥ
ܴɫһһӣôУ磬ôһ˻磿㺫ף
˵ҲȻ岿ܲԸǵ쵼ܴȵ쵼
֮󣬲ܴ󸻱㰲ȥһЩˮúԶɰͰ͵Ȳ裬һĴ֮ǲһЩҶƽȻˣͷû弸ҰᣬҲ¡
æȥٳЩ£ղǰ¸ˣ˼Լףúд˼ңǶԲס˼ˡ
ССҶһȥæףվԱߣܴ󸻱ָʹ
ֻתܵ׵ĵط˼ס
˶֮󣬲ܴ󸻱ЦŶԺԶ˵ǸлˣȺѣҲżһǰǴæ
ԶüͷһѣҿôСҶϵСҶﵣʲôְ񣿡
һ⻰ܴεЦһ£ڵСҶҵ飬ҷԸϵǵģû뵽ϵɹˣ̫ллˣ
Զ첻Цǻ˳Լ˵Ҷƽϵģ˵Ҷƽϵģ֪Ҷƽûϵǣ¶ףӴŵġ
ԶЦܴҲÿһЩĸɲһύϣлˣʹύϣҲܰ˸ˣֻǲ֪ҶƽϵǳҶƽҲУȻչף㱨ʱΪʲô̻ͨ
ܴһźԶ죬һЩ飬˰죬ԶоҶƽĹϵô˵ʲôҶƽ飬ҲǼٵģĹԱöˣ
ҶƽһѣͬʱףӴҶƽҲмӣԶ룬Բܴ󸻵糤Ҽһ죬мͥȣԱɲͥں󣬴ȻûȿֺⶼλСҶͬ־Ĺͣ
ԶǰֱӿҶƽܴæ˵˵ǣСҶһǳˣμӹʱ䲻׼
Զȴղμӹͱô㣬ǹ˾Ͼˣںˣ
ԶҶƽܴæشӦţû˳źԶĻ˵ȥ룬Զ˵ǲҶƽ͹˾ǲһĵλᲢۣ
糤˵⻰û˼ЩͶѣףҲǺλСҶͬ־ģ
ܴ󸻵ǸӣԶֱ鵭˵һ䣬òܴһ֪ףǺηҶƽĹϵΡ
Զ۲ı飬о˵ȥúöԴҶƽˣ˵֮ת˵غһЩ飬ܴ󸻿̬ãҲһֱĵԷʱ
ڴ岿򵥵س˵㷹׻û꣬ԶͺͲܴһˣ֮󣬲ܴ󸻾ҪԷǺԶȴ˵ϻȥ£ί쵼Ҫ
һί쵼ҪӼܴû˵ˣʢ飬Ҳûеί쵼Ӽ˼ҵҪһСС糤ڵί쵼ǰôҲŰ
ֻ뺫Զ֣ȥ֮ǰԶַԸ糤׵ͽСҶɣ¼գҾͲˣպ֮ȥС
ܴæӦͷİɣһᰲźõģ֤˳׵񡣡
ԶЦһµСҶ˲֮鷳Ҹлһ£
ǣһѺĻתﵽܴЩͷص


008 ˳
Զ˺󣬲ܴ󸻵ԺﲻϸֳһЩصԼİ칫ң뵽ԶΪ͹˾ľӦǸļ𣬵λѾǲһ㣬ᵽףοҪλһЩԶȻ˵ҶƽҲ͵ġ
ССҶƽǰû˵ʲôرĹϵһð˺Զףˣ˴۾ˡ
ïţûʱҶƽǲģҶƽҲǺ׽֮ĹϵȽܣǵֹϵֻǹϵĹϵûаҶƽԼ׽ˣεֹĵȻǰչϵĹϵֵģҶƽдϱȽϺþֲϹⶼķֹȻչˣǲࡣ
෴֣ȫԼˣΪ˴󹦣˴ˣεȻ˸е⣬ȴǺ顣
ܴ˰죬ԭ仯ҶƽĹϵԼĹϵǲõĻǾͿϧˣֻǸã
뵽ܴϵĵ绰ί˳˹ȥ
˳ǶίǣʱΪܽζسһְŬǰسƽƵίǹ֧س˵ӦǷǳ˳ǵίٳûж¾ģǼ尾
пǹԭΪس֮ԱƽȻ뿪أҪԭǹǿҪίߣسûֻñȥڵί»вͬģԹƼسѡί쵼Ҫϸһһǽʱˡ
ⲻΪʸЩˣΪϵоͲسسһ֮Žᣬԭ໥ϾŪôʴӣӰ쵽صķչ
˳ڰ칫ļͻȻӵܴ󸻵ĵ绰ΪԱ£׼ίڽٿоİӵ⣬Ҫʲôġ
һӵ绰ȴܴ˵Զȥ飬һʱʵ󸻣˵Զȥˣ
ܴ̾ɲôģһʼҲ֪֪ȥˣ죬ʱûԷҲǿ
ȷϵϢ˳ŵ绰һᣬԶǼһģϸһίί쵼һԷķϣ˻һ˺üƣӡǳ̣ʱȥί쵼ԨԴҵȴû뵽ڻᵽס
˳ʱû˵ܴ󸻽˵ǣԶǼˣһףεȴǺԶ˵ģ֪ˣ
һܴᵽʲôףΣ˳ʵףҲȥˣ
ܴæ⵹ûУֻԶ˵չ׵ģ
˳ȻһԶѾһˣףܰŵö£˵ףθһһǻ˭أ
ƽʱίĸɲϵһûףΣôһܿ뵽һҪƵרԱˡףӴ
ףӴƵרԱƽԶĴأ칫ҸΣҸΪƽԶĴأԶ϶ûȵģףӴ£Զ첻Ҳ
󸻣ףκܿǵ칫ҸףӴƽԶĴأ˳ͶԲܴ˵
һרԱ飬ܴ󸻾֪³ˣҶƽȻʵȨϵ
飬̵ܴǣٻ㱨һ£ףӴ絳һͨԱϵ
˳̳Ծ˵ʲôĸɲףӴĹϵ
ܴ󸻵ǵǣǵɲԶҲǰϵؿǻе˼أ
ǵɲʲô֣˳ӵʵ
ܴ󸻵ֽҶƽղμӹãҹϵҵˣǵͨԱ
ˣϴôǸСң˳һҶƽǲܴ󸻵ˣ뵽ϴβܴ󸻴顣
ܴ󸻾æ͵ǣҶƽȻҵˣСΪ˴󹦵ģһҪСǣ
󸻣˵㣬ƼСզأƷʲãҾֹ٬Ȼռţ˵ĺڲϣνĴ󹦣ܰռпܰռ²ҳϣĸɲܼãһת˳ͻȻ̬
ܴһʱеЩ޴룬ǣ֣Ҳ˴󹦵ġ
˳֣һ٣֣Ϊ֯£ʲһίˣ
ټ֣ܴ󸻸оһƣ٣զܰᵹïţˣ
ǣڶӦСˣܴΪѵص
˳һ룬˵ڲڿҲܣҪΪίίԱУ⣬Ҷƽ㣬ˣôѵʱ򶼽㣬νҳϣΪʲôΪ󱸵ѡƾ
⻰˵òܴƿԣû뵽˳ҶƽףӴйϵӣ˶ΣһҪƼҶƽ
󸻣ҶƽҪûȲܴ󸻱̬˳ֱӷԸ
ֻܴôӦڻίǣ˳ĻҲ
µ绰˳룬سĹؼʱڣһпõĹϵҪϣҶƽףӴϵеĻ˵õϣףӴΪƽԶ飬ֻҪƽԶǰ˵仰ǿ϶кôģʹòϣҲҪϸˮ˵Ժõϡ
Ҷƽڽæ죬ʱþ׵һֱûҹûȺһڼȺףֳͣȺҲֹԴγõ飬һжõǰ׵ĵ͹˾ɲǾףûȻûκ
꣬͹˾׸˾ͽס˵СҶˣǳл㰡ԺֻҪ׻գ⣬ʱ䵽ǹ˾ȥͣҵػӭ
׵ĸ˾ЦݣһȷʵлҶƽһ溫ԶҶƽмӣǷĵҶƽȥǵλȥ͵ġ
ҶƽǺһЦ˵лӦǣлǺͺҲӭǳͣһȥͽȥ
ͽ찡Ǻǣãã׵ĸæЦ


009 һ
¥ˮվվձſ֣ͣһԱһƵĸɲ
Ҷƽ׵⼸֣Ȼûţ͵һһ
ΣҾһƣձվǰΣİ֣վŲ࣬ɡ
ãգоȫˣԵú˷ܣǰһְҪˣʮֵĲ
֣ȵһ쵼еϣȾʱֻһСڣ֪ľƢҲȰҪǺȡ
һ󱭣˷ʱ¥ŮϰƴŤ֫˽һץؽеϰվ⣬ƣ
근ʮɫ޵Ϲһʽҷϣ¥ȫģɲǰȻǳ裬ɧձ֮ϲЦĸɲ֪
û⣬λ쵼ȾһƣƶĸɲϤҲ⡣
ǺǣϰΪûţҪȸľƣձٺٵЦţԱߥŵ
һŤЦûⰡ˼λһ׼СУҲռ˼εıˣ˵ǲǣ
һЦϰʲôͰεĴ֮˰ɣ
쳣ȴһ˵ϰ˭ռ˭ı˻һأ
ǺǣãĻ˼ЩҰʵҶƶЩߣȻ˵˼ɣһʱһҲǵóѲˡ
һЦ˵ǺãҾͺκһľƣ
ǺȽƣЦ˻
϶ҹ֮Ц˵
ƺǺһЦת˺һƾˡ
ȥıӰ֣Ա˼ͣ
Ҷƽӽص͹˾Ա֮󣬴ȺڶΧסֵƽٴδүǸл㰡û㣬Ǵ׾͵ڼ죬Ҹ͸ȥ
Ҷƽæ˵壬ôôǧҪʲô죬Ҫ͵Ļǹһȥ͹˾Ͱɣָأ
ЦЦƽ˵ǣǻҪأһ죬һȥ
ǵĻȺھһǺǵЦһӣתסҶֵһöӰҶˣ
ҶһļЦŵСӲҵĻ
ԱЦŽӻҲҶүĻƽ⺢үү
Ǻǣ⻰һ˵Թ۵ȺڹЦҶߺ㼱æؼҡ
ҶƽҲе˼Լϵϲռ˼ҵСˣǶ˵үүҶȴׯǾصĶΪ˷ǳֱ壬ϲˣϵȻû̳Ļ˿Ц
뵽ҶƽںȺڸԺ󣬾ͻ˼ȥүү￴һþûȥүүˡ
үүļҲԶҶƽֱӾ͵ȥոȥүүһס
߽ǶͨҶƽүүһɫ·ȭүүȭˣһ̫̫
ҶƽҶסȭţеصƽˣ
ҶƽЦǰүүȭԽԽˣ
ҶƽҶǺһЦүүˣ򲻶ˣڻ
ҶƽЦϰ˶νȭżһ
Ҷ˵˶νҲǻĵĴͳҲҪסҪһҪаҲˣҽȭľһ֣Ȼͻа·Ϊݰ
ҶҶƽĵȻСʱүүЩȴүүģԼϵĻֻаϣеˣԼһĺӣֲμ˹үүľ͸ˡ
үүģһסĻȭһģҰ˵ףջܴ󣬰ԭôĿ֣Ҷƽидص
ҶźЦȻүүһȥƽϱ˻᲻ᱨȻûʲô춯صĴ飬Ҳֵýƽϰ࣬ҪΪϰշ񣬸Ҫˣİ˻ģ
ҶƽصصͷүүƷһֱݵģҲϣһˣң
үүҲûʲô룬үүһĻҶƽʱүүз˵ǮүүԣҶ忴󣬸еҲԼһƬТģЦŽˣֻỨˣȻٸԼļﱲǡ
үүҶƽͻˣһصܴ󸻾Ͱ˹ȥַ˱仯صԭԼʱģĶЦǳĿ
СҶֱܴӣЦҶƽֵ
Ҷƽ߽û£ǻվǰ˵糤ˣ͹˾˶ˣǮҲ֧ϰգ
ܴվһ£ǺһЦúãСҶΪ˼ˣȺʼȥףҲ˯žԵףҲǰǴæлһҪȥлһ£
ҶƽҺһ£ȼһȥ糤вУ
ܴæ˵ãʱҺһȥٱʾһ¸л
Ҷƽû˵ܴȴСҶҳȥһ£ר쵼ǰ㣬쵼㣬һȥ
Ҷƽһʱеܾȣ֪쵼ΪʲôҪҲײܴΪʲô쵼㱨ԼǰȺףҲλԶĹͣȻæǵףǸˣЭ׶ѡ
糤Ҳûʲô쵼ôҪҰҶƽһ˵
ܴȴ˵СҶ㲻Ҫǫˣ¾ˣϵʱһȥ⣬ʱĻǸףκͺһӲ칤
ͻȻ˵Ҷƽһ˲ܴ󸻵⣬ԭڿԼĶôãǿԼϵ˺Զ죬ȻǸףΣԼϵǣӲ칤ǽϵ
ܴ󸻵̴澫ܵ糤ԼҪѧŵ㣬ڹٳйϵûϵǲһʹԼٴûһĹϵҲϲλףκͺԶĹϵԼҪúþӪţֻڸе֣ףεΪʲôһ˵ף˵֮У˭


010 Ҳ
ص죬ҦΰٻҶƽһкеãѾ֪·ֹ£ȴûзĹⲻܲɣ潫˵죬ˡ
һ칫ңô棬Ҧΰ֮󣬱Ц߹Ҧΰļһ£ЦСҦڿˣʲôøˣ
Ҧΰƿֵڿæúܣţεûˣ
ǺǣڨڨЦЦûа취⣬̫࡭
ֵӣҦΰûѻ˵꣬ԹԵߵԼİ칫ǰ£Ҳ
벻ҦΰһҪ˵ԭ˵ĹϵǷǳĲҦΰΪïݣƽʱҪͽϾΪţŵĺ˿϶ȲҦΰΪïݵϵţֻҪһλ϶ҦΰλֲȴȫͬˣҦΰһӵȵףȴƶϣһְ֡
ɨҦΰһۣסеԼİ칫ǰ룬˵ΣһҪȰҦΰȥָӲξûʲôţ˻˵骺ͳѾ£ˡ
һ뵽ﲻμӹѾ꣬Ҳ˲٣ûһܿеģеıֿ칫ҵλĶˣĶ飬崿ˣ˶ҪѡĻѡΪţѡ񳣷ΪˣŻ崿ĺãȻҪɧһĺá
ĵλᣬҪ˵ƽʱ˵˵ЦЦԣһҪ̸Ƿ飬̹սơ̸ʧ˵ȷʵĻҲˣɧΪʲôҲ
ڳ˽ģΪ˷ɧ󵨣ȽҰģԸϣһ赺ϣȻӣӦǣȻȷʵôߴͣǹٳ֮ϳøߴʲôãؼ̣Ҫӣε·ֹӱôҹĿ࿴˰ɣ
룬ӦлˣڿЩ仯ú˻ǣ϶ڰʾʲôֻǰ˵˯½Ҷƽݣеܲ
˵ҶƽеЩ͸û̫£ڲ֪Сͣһմ׵͹˾ܴ󸻶ææȥݼСһʱץ˲棬Ҫǳˡ
̧ͷһҶƽ룬骺ͳǷģȥ̸飬ĶõģҪ˵ﻹеľҶƽˣǰȺչ˴ףִ͹˾Ĺϵ֮ǰǲܴ󸻵ĺˣôһԼǲð졣
Ҧΰòܴ󸻰ҦΰߣҶƽô죿СӵĲдòܴ󸻷ǳģܴ󸻿϶ͬ⽫ߣ⵹һѰ¡
뵽תת뵽˯½Ҷƽӵ飬ܲ£ҶƽȻʩӵѹ
תһ룬ͷ뷨˶ǵŮǸ㵽һҲ˵ǹѳҶƽĻǳɵϣ
˰죬һ⣬óһдõĲϣߵҶƽǰСҶҪдĽڵ칤Ҫ㣬ҿһ£ûд֡䲻ͨ˳ĵطúҽǵ
ӹǷݲϣҶƽɨһۣͷ֣Ҫ˵ˮƽȷʵզģСӾǹӶˡ
û˵ʲôҶƽʹӦҪһϲСûԿ뷨ܷ쵼ͨһ̽̽ˣ˼ǾҶƽѲϽԪϣһԪ쵼ûϵξܰŵöˣһڲܴǰԣ˵ҶƽԪнܴ󸻵Ĳɣһʯİ취뵽һţ
еţ°ŸҶƽ֮󣬾ûٹ£ҶƽѲϽԪ֮˵
ҶƽڽӹĲ֮󣬰й۲һ£оƺе㲻⣬йǰ֮ʱ˼ۣȻһǲɫǲû⡣ݲԪ֣дģ֣רŽȻǶһãΪǵ칤Ҫ㣬ǵ׽д
ȴ޸һ£СӲô¶¶ֻ޸ĵĻҲ޸֮ٻȴԼֱӽԪԾǲϳ
Ҷƽһ޸һ飬뵽Ҳ뵽һ⣬Ѳ޸һ飬ȻָԼ뷨˼Ҫ㣬оǳ֮õӡȥӡǷԭûиĶ
֮Ҷƽ룬˲ܴ󸻵İ칫ңһ칫ҾͰѸĺõĹҪ㽻ȥȻ˵糤õݵĹҪ㣬ùĿ
һԪݵĹҪ㣬ܴûȥԪΪʲôҶƽȥݣǾҶƽĲһãµȻǻȥͬʱ־Ҷƽݺ֮øֱӽԪе⣬Ҫľֶĵ
СҶݵĲҪȫ棬벻ⷽҲвܣͰҪȥǩһ£֣ܴ󸻿֮˵
ǩ֣ܴ󸻰ѲֽҶƽҶƽùȥ֮Ц˵СҶϸҳȥ±ˣ
ҶƽæЦ糤׼ˣ
ܴ󸻹һЦ˻֣Ҷƽ˳ȥ
߳ȥ֮ҶƽתԱߵԪ칫ȥԪİ칫ңԪ￴ļְĲϽϡ
ԪҪ˵ӸҪڲܴ󸻣ǴϵĸɲҪȲִܴӻһֱĸɲòһЩ
Ҷƽ֮Ԫ¶΢ЦкҶƽ£ƽʱҶƽûʲô˵Ҷƽӵչ׵͹˾ҲǺҶƽˣƽĿͬѰĿ
ҶƽûǰѲϽԪ֮˵ǣСҽĲϣæúܣûչ
Ҷƽ᲻Ҳһҩ


011 ƴ
ҹĻʼٵʱ򣬶صسȻ̫ȥҲֻƳϣƻԻ͵ӣֵϵ˴ϢһЩ⡢˵ССͣߺţԵӶ֡
سǵĵشίԱߣͬдǸһϯϿʼѾû֣ȫˣǲܴ󸻴ҶƽӲæͿ˳˶Ѿˡ
ǣˣ·ϳ˸Сëܴ󸻽֮æǸҶƽĺ档
˳һ£ȻЦ󸻣ҿĳвٶѾɣˣջҪʲôʱ򣿡
ܴæЦЦǣ֪Ǿ͵ǲǮһˣ
˳ЦǲҪˣкüûлҪǻˣǻһҪ
ܴ󸻺ǺǵЦ͸һ£˭Ƕأ
˲ܴ󸻵Ļ˳ֺǺһЦȻȴɫ󸻣¾ͲҪ˵ˣҪ෢չãֻҪˣ治᲻ǻˣλСҶͬ־ɣ
˳˵һָҶƽæվƽûм˳ֻ˵֣Ϊ絳ͨԱƽʱȻûл쵼ڲܴ󸻴ﻹеСţԽԽҪ򶨣ø쵼һӡ
ǣСҶҶƽΨһһѧܴ󸻾ЦŽܵ
һҶƽǱƴѧ˳;ȵص绹бƴѧ
ܴæЦǰͷչǣָСҶһ󱾵ѧ
˳ҶƽЦŵͷ£ҶƽӡҪԶҵ֪ҶƽǱƱҵͷ͸ˣһ˵ֵıǺ٣ֻҪзֵĻ϶ֵίҪţֵܷȥû뵽Ҷƽһ󱾵ѧȻֵ˲ȥ
СҶһ󱾵ѧԸȥ־ܿɼΣ󸻣ӦƼƼǣҶƽ֮˳תͷԲܴ˵
ܴ󸻲Цһ£˵ǣСҶμӹʱ䲻ƼҲɣ
˳ûд𻰣ЦЦһɫˣл𣬽дһԳԷǰСҶͬ־Ⱥڽ׵Ĵ⣬ͬ־һ㱨ԺҾСҶ÷ǳãǵĸɲҪСҶģһΪȺڰʵ££СҶɲǷǳעѡѡԣҰѴ󸻺СҶйһԶٷʶһ£ҰСʹ˾ĵҲˣʶʶ
е˳ǳƽ׽ˣҶƽ飬ղ˳˵Ըȥⴿǳûôߵľ򣬺һҵФ˼Ҿͷֵί칤ȥˣ򱻷䵽˲磬Ҫ˵Ըģվˣĸ˵ֵģһѧУıҵĽΪʲôô
ͷȴǺƽҶƽ˳˵˳Ļеܳ佱ôһרΪͣʲô˳ίǣƽʱ쵼һܰͽϣһССİԱôķۣ
ܴȸ˵ĻҶƽоԭǳںԶϣ֮Ҳ˳ԭˣ벻Ϊϵ׵ôܴ󸻶̬ת䣬˳ּǺˡ
˳ˣһⶫ飬ܴʶһʹ˾ܴǲ죬˳ȴǲ࣬Ǵӣ֮˾Ц
ⶫһµˣһߵ۾㵫ȴ˸ееƲˣȻΪίǵɲǺţƵ飬ֳϣ˳ǰؿʲôƲ˵ģ
ҶƽǸо֪ⶫ˳һ⣬һݣǾ˴溣Ķӣ溣Ƕ̳Ͻ˳궼ܹ࣬ΪĶӣ۽ͱһҪ࣬ҶƽСɲȻǲˡ
ܴʹ˾ľ˱֮󣬱ЦŶҶƽСҶǺƽ׽ˣҪʲôվһƣ
ʱҶƽﻹһ㲻Ӧֳϣÿһ˵ݶͬλ⣬˶и˵˼ÿһ仰һĺ壬ſڿӣǿ϶ǲеģͬѧѾۻһһֵ͵ĹٳۻᣬٳۻеһСӣȻ˸оƵġ
һܴ󸻵ķԸҶƽæվеıӣ֣ص˵ǣҾһƣ
˳ǺһЦðСҶľô
ҶƽæǣƽʱȾƵġ
˳˵ȾôУҪãǾҲҪȺãᣬȵû£ɣһжǺȱеһɣ
ҶƽƽʱĲȾƣȣǲܺȣһɫǱͨ죬ͬѧۻôȣڽ˹ٳҪǼֲȾƣԺľƳͲܲμˣԺ쵼ͬµĹϵôάھƳƴɱ˼Ҹں㣬εʱͶƱƽʱ㽻͹ˣ
ԣƻ治ܲȣҪڹٳϴһƱúȣ
˿еĴ뱭ƣ뵽Ǿ˼쵼ôҲñһӣñСˣҶƽһ˵ǣ⣬Ұѱоȫˣһһ⣡
һһãû뵽Ҷƽ˺ƣһһĻҲǺͣĶǿ̫࣬˳ǽˣܴҲǹơ
ҶƽһٶҲⶫˣһһӵľƣǲСһǺȲȥԭмʱʧǰһ˿С
˵껰ҶƽͶһһһôľƣ֪ȥ֮ʲôӣǽȥˣ˲
ҶƽѾƺ꣬˳ﱣ΢ЦоǰˣһƴˣҲ˵ףӴʲôĹϵ͵ƾһ㣬Ҳúܶͣǰ;С
Ҷƽ֮󣬸еջһ㣬ЩͷĿѣǼסܸպ͵£ҪŵƳٵ£
СҶȫˣηҺȱеľһɣ˳Ҷƽ֮󣬾Ӻ˱еһ롣
ţܴ󸻶ȥľƣʱʹ˾ľ΢ЦҶƽսʹ˾ЦҶƽܵӣְѱеľƵ˵һҾ㣬ȫˣ


012 չ
ſƴȥȣȵذҶƽ֪ô˳Ȼôصġ
˾콫ӳϷ׼ȥʱ򳣷ҹϲ
Ҷƽ᲻м֮ңҹ򼱱ϲϻǼۺɫ˯£ҶƽȳһӸе֣ܹʵ壬СҶô£
˾˵ȶˣСҶţҰȥ
ôô࣬СҶǴȾƵ𣿡ǳȣæùҶƽеԿװš
˹Ҷƽ͸еԺؿһӰȫȻţذ˽ȥ
֮ˣҶƽǸӣҿģô£Ⱦƺô࣬òʡˡ
뵽ֽҶƽݣҶƽһˮȻƴڻȻ״̬ҶƽСҶȵľưôôࣿ
šǣپһƣҶƽԺ˵ź
һ⻰ǣͷûŵǰѵǴͷģ
һ룬ҶƽڴҪҪæȥҶƽһŻ˳һֻץס֣㶼㲻Ż³罦ϡ
Ҷƽֽţһ߸ϴ¶ȣһ߿Լϵֲ˵һСҶô¾ˣ֣
һڵľƣҶƽ̧࣬ͷһվǰһ͵ɿ֣˵㣬ô
ҶƽӣסЦ˵㶼һôľƣӣҲ±Ц
˵ȥҶƽëϵȻűվҶƽŸô£˵㣬¾ˣԲ𰡣ŪһҪҰϴϴ
ߺߵصϴ㣬ȵľƣղ˵ʲôǣĸǣ
һ˵ҶƽȾƵ£˿վԶĳ˵㣬Ҹղ˵ʲôˣ
վſڵλ˵ɶҲû˵˵һʲôǣ˭
Ҷƽһģ˵˵أȶˣͼһԷûסȶˣ
ŽʵҲһȵģ
һ뵽죬Ҷƽæ˵ôĳȥسôĳģ
ȥسǺѺȾˣҶƽĻ
Ҷƽǵģмͬѧһ۸ᣡ
ŰɣоҶƽҲǱԽԽˣԭʲô˵ʲôڿµӣ˻ɡ
СҶԺǲٺô࣬ˣǸӣҰһµϵණȻ˯Ҳû˯תȥҶҶƽϵ
ҶƽȴоˣȻͷ࣬廹ǲУȷʵȵ̫ˡ
ų˹ߣһʱҶƽǳĸж뵽ղŵĳֻ֣ǲɵȻĶѣ𿴳ƽʱɧҲǷǳᣡ
ҶƽҶƽһЩˮææȥӣҶƽǸе˼ϴԼݣ˵ˣҹĲԼݶһԼǣҪ֪ˣ׼Ϊ̸Ҫ˵ⳣԼһ㣬Ϊ˱ȽϷɧһ⣬ǳ඼û˵ģ޵ĻһؼҵҲǿԵģҪˣԼñ
Ҷƽһʱ˼ţıЩôɨǰһͷǿտ˯Ĵ¶˳ҶƽæһҺ˵㣬ллˣˣԼɨȥ˯ȥɣ
ˣҲ࣬һ̧ͷ˵һãͿҶƽƳԼǰ˫۾æվֱ壬ЦСҶúϢɣȵˮԺǲҪôˣ
㣬֪ˣԺ󲻻ô࣬ҲȥϢɣҶƽЩжضԳ˵
ͷЦЦת뿪Ҷƽķ䣬ҶƽıӰȥͷͣûĸŮôԴǳԸ˵ŮˣղȥϢƫҪöã
ţϵľִҶƽԺغܿ˯ˡ
Ҷƽȥ֮ô϶ԼС̵ģҶƽͷˣչŪ˾֪ϵϵչףⱾ²򵥣Ҷ˵ڵˣǰز¶ڷˣԵҲòܴ󸻳һζҶƽǸͲô
⻰ԽԽúܶ˶ˣҶƽָһûһôһģһǲܴһŻһ˵ܴ󸻴ȥˣԭĶֻǲ֪ûдȥ
ڶһ磬칫ңЦſʵΣûкȾư
ֿ˵ôûȣ֣Ͷ¥ϰﶼ˺ü󱭣
һڶ¥ȵģҶƽ˵سǣȻûһ˵ܴûдȥ
ЦЦ֣ôǸʲôɧϰһȾˣ֣ķ񰡣
ͻȻٺٵЦŵĸèȰ֣ȥ¥ĴɶˣǸձ࣡
ǸԼӣæһ˵УûһǺö
˲Ů˲ûʱȥԳԷһ꣬Ҫȥ¥ҸоӰ첻ãЦ
ɨһ۵ðҪˣҲѪרҴһ٣һȥԣҾȥ
Ҫȫ룬ҲᵥԼˣתת˵ʽʱһһһ٣뵥һԶٷô
תߵԼİ칫ǰص˰ɣ㵥׼ûʲôģҲܵԵĵ룡
ЩˣƾڵĵλѵǳɧСǣ
һߵǰſЦ˵㲻ǲܵԵɣνд󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣȻǷΣҲһ˲Ųǣ
ͷϵ㷢˵ͲҪˣ㵱֧㣬ҲҪ룡
еǳɥ˵ǲˣо˵Ҳˣ
⻰ûд𻰣ͻȻҶƽˣæվСҶû°ɣ


013 µĹ
߽칫ңһ̧ͷͳſ˽Ҷƽתرһ£վ˵ʺظЦЦû·㣬ôһƻ򲻵ң
һ⻰ʱЦ˵صУСҶҲѧᴵţˣԺɲܺôľˣ
ҶƽæЦллģԺ󲻻ôˣ
ĵ˵˵ȥˣ˵ʲôأҶƽϺȾˣǲһȵģҪȻô˵£ӳܹҶƽЩ֣ôͻȻôȺ
СҶǸ㽻ûУһʱ벻ȻһòʲôͻȻ𽻴ҶƽǸ顣
ҶƽһۣЦЦ˵ͽˣû𣿡
һѾˣ㰵ŵһܴ󸻴С棬Ҷƽкܵģ볣úȺ𣿾òܴ󸻸һˮ
ţûʮӣ֣ͻȻ˵Сһ£
֣ӣæ˹ȥԪİ칫ңһȥ֮ԪСݵĹҪ㣿ƪ䲻ͨûһ֣칫ôѹصģĹҪ㣬ôί㱨
ղѾ֣˵һ٣֣ȥһӹǷݽԪеĲһҶƽûκθĶͽԪϣ˰죬ԼûüһȰԼһ
޻˵ˣȻǲܴ󸻵ĸԪǸǣڻǵΣûʸԪ࿹⣬ֻܳϴûȥ޸ģ֣ҲԱ߰˵ʾһʱ⣬ԼûаѺùˣ
Ԫ˵Ͳ˵ˣϾ֪ܴ󸻵Ĺϵ˵ˣܴ֮ìܣڶǹؼʱ˭Ҳ£糤һְҲŬţȻܴ󸻲֧糤ͲˣǴĸɲϵҪܴ󸻶ö࣡
Ԫţ֣˵һȻȥܴˣ֣֪ʲô˼Ҳûת¥˰칫֮ҶƽվԼİ칫óܴǩǷݹҪݵϣ˵֣Σǲ糤ǩֹĹҪ㣡
֣Ͼһ㶣֪ҶƽôݹҪ㣬֪ܴôѾǩˡ
СҶô£ô֣ʵ
ҶƽСҰǵĹҪ㽻ǣ͸糤һȥ糤޸һ£ǩˣҽ
һ֣˲ôˣСҶƽѲϽԪ벻֪˼Ҷƽһۣ˲ܴһݣȻҶƽ޸һ£ղŵǷȫһŲܴһ⣬˰죬ǵûռκαˣԳ˼ҶƽˮƽСӵͼʲô
֣˵ãͰѲҶƽǹĿ࿴ˣоСӲдĺãҲǲǰСˣ
Сӻȥܴ󸻱棬ǵС˴ãСҪǵ˵Σܲܵ
߽ܴ󸻵İ칫ңͰҶƽ˽ȥԪͲϣԪ˵˳ܴ֮üͷһ˵СҶȰѲ͸Ҳ͸ǵǵô£
û뵽£ʱһʵ糤СҶҲѲ͸ˣ
ܴ󸻵ûдòѾǩ֣ˣСⷽҪСҶѧϰдúãҰҲǾҿһЩҪСҶһ£ҪΪҷþˣСҶȥ֣ҵһ£
ͻȻܴ֮󸻵Ļеɵۣоͷһʱתĥɵվӣִܴߴٵصȥ
Ǹ㲻ôˣһ·ţȻص죬֣֮Ͱȥ֮󣬲ܴû칫ңֻ֣˵һ֣ʹ˳ǰʵ֣Σ糤ô˵
֣˿˵ԺһҵİţģСҶСҶֲϹٷָСССҦǣ˰ɣ
֮ȴ˵֣ûףôͻȻֱ֮仯ˣ
ֺԼ֣֣Щʹ죬һ壬˵ǲ糤˼£ǲˣҿ糤ҲˣҽĲϣôСҶϣҲһͨ˵°ãô˵㣡
һΪҶƽ޸ĲϽ£ʶǳ׵׵ҶƽһˣžΪ¶Լʧȥܴ󸻵Σ˵֣ΣȷʵʧˣҶƽС벻ܽƻһ£ôһҲٸˣСҶСʹթ糤ô
֣쵼Ų֮ô£쵼ǰ˼СҶдĵ칤Ҫ㣬ģ糤ʾˣȻΪⷽŲܣΪ㲻Уⲻ𣿡
ص֣ΣǷݹҪݵģôĹҪˣֻ޸Ķѣ
֣ЦǷݲ糤ǩĹҪϣݵĲܴҪǱǷݹҪȷʵǱȲСҶģ
һҶƽָ飬˵֣Σҵ糤˵һ¡
֣һסСò糤Ϊѣ
ͲصôΪˣ
֣糤ȻˣͲı䣬ȥҲûãڲ糤ûнλշ糤ܴȥ˳˵ǲģȻ⣬ȥΪѣģһ֧㹤ģСҶùȻǻ㸺𣡡
֣ⷬͣźһЩôΪܴ󸻳ˣͻȻ֮һˣȻεûãҶƽˣˣڲܴĿеĵλûб䣬Ȼ֣ĻΪãͿҶƽʲôͣԼٰиһ㣬˼͵Ъˣ
С˵һỰһ¥ص죬˴ιϵ΢СܴҪ֣ص칫ԺְҶƽеһߣ˵飬ҶƽһǸеȣ仯̫ˣոպͲܴһ˳ڵĹͷ˵֣ĻпԿǶãֲҪָǣôҪõˣڰԭְȨ˹ֱӰȡˡ


014 ͻ
̸֣껰صԺҶƽʲôҲû˵骿˵Ӿ͸еЩ֣ղﻹǸ߸˵ģǽ֮󣬾ͷϳ첻˵ʱһسһƽҶƽϣ˸о·гƵģ֡
²ǲΪ£Сһֱ⣬ʵǿСӣʹ˵£ѡ񣬵ҪȻ˵ĸоǳɧֻǱ󣬹һҲһŮ
ղҶƽ˵Դˣϵ飬ҲоԼЩڿҶƽˣʲôһأһ֡һΪҶƽ֮ôˣʵԼģеλѲ﹤Ƕˡ
˰ûʲô֮骵ȻһͷˮҶƽȾƵ鳣ûһˣЩЩȴҪġ
ҦΰڲЩ£ֻһεҲͲͻȻ֮ʧƣС̫˿ɺޣͷѾʼţźïºܿйأţϹ۾ĸԼȴҲѡ
ţˮվվձͻȻſڣһĶЦݿ֣˵֣ΣˮվǰʱѴ˲ǮڰѷƱǱ˰ɣ
վҪﱨķöҪˣǰǵţ԰ѹأ뵽ﱨõĸվվǱðͽͱ뱨
֣ûץϣǸݲܴ󸻵ҪȨŸȨͺܴԣձں֣˵ͬʱҲЦſģкĵģûˡ
ʱѣ飬ձͶЦûʲôӦձһΪǲԼаˣҪͲðˣ㲻ýϻóѪ¥һ٣ھϰˣ
֣ݹķƱ룬ձΪһκܳϣֻӹƱ㿴˿˵СȽ϶࣬ѷƱСҶһ£ԺҪķƱСҶˣ
ձ˵֣֮ͶҶƽСҶվķƱһ£֮ǩ֣Ҳ糤
Ҷƽ֣Ļ֮󣬾˹ձְѷƱȴǲ֪ô£ϱֵֹģһ뽻Ҷƽֲ뽻Ҷƽӣ֮˵֣ΣСԺͲˣ
֣һ۵㲻ҪܣʱģС£
ͷһûκα飬ձʱʶʱΪʲôӣҲʵĴȨˣҶƽˣⰡ֪ӣͲ÷ƱˣΪⷢƱﻹһЩݣƾ֮ĹϵԶٷͽˣҶƽȴûдô죿
ȻڰôûͨżٵķƱǺѿ
뵽ձһ˫תתߵҶƽǰЦݵصСҶ㿴ⷢƱʲôʱꣿǼǮأ
Ҷƽ˿ձûʲôӡƽʱȨĸɲƨĵñ˭죬ûȨûƵĸɲǲǶǣһ߸ϵӣΪʮֵʱסûдţŸˮվǱ߻һȥȡãȥ֮󣬺ձһ˵ձһת˵ŴˮվãûסԼȥ
һ˵Ҷƽûа취ţţţɶҲû˵ȥһŴã򴲻Ǯǩֱ
ոϰҲûǮִӼǮȥ˴Ȼţȥǩ֣ǩˣǱȥʣ˲ȴ˵ûǮȵţʲôʱǮʲôʱ򱨣ʱҲˣǵһʱˣ˾͸ûǮҲȱǵ򴲵Ǯǹ䲻ʣ
֪ûȨûƵĸɲͨȺǿȥ˼ЩȨƵĸɲǰʲôǣͽ˼ҵȦӣвɲһԳԺȺȣǶȦӵģҪǱ糤ҲβסοղμӵˣǸˣˣ͸Ƶġ
ֻҪԼȨˣͲһˣҲĸɲΪʲôŻһְٰԭ򣬼ʹٲֻҪȨС
֮ܵôвɲĻӭһΪ;һҲΪȨǲԳԺȺȣùϵ
֣ͻȻˮվʣձһȨЦͲˣĻŲԼ
ձĻҶƽһ룬üͷһ˵վȿһ˵ɣ֣ǩ֪ͨ㣡
һ仰ͰˣձܷϼЦݣԽǻԽСǹˣЩ˼ûн飬ƾʲôͨˣ
Ǻãҵ绰ձڨڨЦţȻת֣˸кžˡ
ղŵһĻȻҲˣ֣ڣҲȥҶƽֻţȸղһЩˣȥ֮֮Աòѣܿйأ˱ʵȨˣ֣˵飬ʲô飬ôЩ£˭ɶУڲɣҶƽɣȻǰʵȨ
ʵȨһǳҪȨվðͽᣬڲˣ϶ǺܲˣֻΪʲôͻȻֱ仯ǲСʵ˺ô˾ٱˣ
һе㲻ף칫ҵЩţһᣬ֣˳ȥˣڣǻǲʣֻǹ۲ˡ
һͻȻλվߵ칫λã˿Ҷƽ˵СҶа㣬иʹӣˣΪʾôˣǽƣ
һԼҶƽŲʾأ̱ˣڱԼСˡ
һվ⻰Ҫ˵ףôʹˣôˣ⻰Ҫǲ˵Ҹû꣡
û뵽ҶƽĻôеԤϣЩѲס棬һʱеϺܲÿˣҲûֻüɫصôţʹʲôԼ֪û꣬ھ͸û꣡
ָֻŵӣҶƽǰȥȥҪǼæȰܣˣȻʾҶƽƣﻹЩ飬Ҫ۴ܣԶˣ


015 ʵȨ
ҶƽһССֱӳͻһֱŵģΪͬһ칫ҵͬ£ӦŪ˫첱ӴֵģСֱӹָһҪƣûǼǽƾͼƶѣûеóѾ߳ŭ£̣
Ҫ˵ܣҲĶ֣Ϊٳˣȷʵһõ飬ֻܰڳһŶ־ͿˣԺ۸㣬ڿЧԸܵƣôˡ
ܴ󸻵֪ΪֹҶƽйȥѵһ٣˳˵ֹ٬ǲĻȻҲˣֹ֣¶⣬İ⣬СӾǳסҶƽڰ칫ⲻѿ
˲ܴ󸻵ѵͬʱܴҲһЩףҪżЩ仯һҪָӣҪͬ²ʲôìܣڵĹЩĲŰټǹŷֵֹ£ǲܴ󸻷ǳεˣûȡλá
βҶƽܴҲ˵ʱοúõظɹͬʱҲҪѧһЩ֮Žͬ£ѹá
һίҶƽȻ֪⣬˲ˣ꣬Ž᲻ûԭԼġ
һССľףܴǲ֣µģһ֣Ҷ֪ˣڵڹ۲Ǻܿ·
ǵͷܵС˸ҲӣͻȻ֮ȴʵĴȨҶƽУԭΪ϶ûΪҶƽһֳ˴ҹעĽ㣬һ׻ʲô˭Ҳ˵ˡ
˽µʱ򣬳骾һܵҶƽǰ׽ٴ̽һЩµϢҶƽȴЦֻ˵һ쵼ţڲȥʵĹҲһ˵顣
Ҷƽ©ڷӣЦЦƽûˣ͸һϢҲи㿴СǸӣǶΪ򱧲ƽҺͷ˶֧ģ
骵ĻҶƽȴǸƵģ˵öô컨׹Ҳ¶鲻һ˭˵ʲôֻԼĹУẦˣǱҲ뺦ЩɵϢǼϷɰɣ
ҶƽӣҪĶ࣬ͷ֪ⱳһݣҶƽصĶ࣬ԽؿƿԽ˵еţҪٴת䣬骹ͨˣҪҶƽ£
¶˽飬ȻʵȨƽҶƽУڻ֣֮µһˣ˵ھҶƽȫˣһĶҪ۲죬ٴ̽Ϣ
ƽ̫ЩˣԺҲ˵ˣûʳʲôЦЦת߿ˣȻֺͳ˸кܵȥˡ
һߣСҶƽƽС󱨸㣬֪ģС
̧ͷ˿ҶƽһѵĶԣҪڱ󱨸СӻڱССĵǿ϶ǻԿġ
룬Ҷƽл㣬ллѣԺʲôָ㣡
ЦȻҪʲôһģ㵽ǲǺͲ糤һȵľƣ
Ŵ£ҶƽһЦ㣬Щ·Ҫ˵װײſϬһͨͿˣ
ǺǵЦ˵ƽ˵Ķ԰ϬһͨͨǺǣԺҪͨ
һľҶƽȶΪˣԳŮˣһ˿¶ѳֲסȴĶңû˭йʲôΪԼҲҵϷ˼ң㰵ʾʲôġ
ס飬һжǴҪģؼǽǰ;ûǰ;Ų˶ҵаġ
磬ձ绰˵ҪĿͣӵձĵ绰Ҷƽ룬СԭԼţŵķԸȥȡȡƽʱԼҲǸ߸ϣڿԼȨҪʣԼˣʵ𣿲ʵɣ˵Լֿ˳𣿲ǰɣǰҲûⲻҪأԣԲ𣬽첻ô㣬Ҫ쵼ȥ£ûգ
Ҷƽίؾܾձ͵Ҫûиձӡ绰֮ؿ˿ձύķƱһͷ˺ܶ⣬мִ֧İ֪Ǽ٣ȻıƶȲǺƣ⼸ŰȫǳԺȵİһнǧǮĲԣһѴͳԺôǮϰһˣ˷Ѱ
֮⣬ͷѡƱѡ߷ѵʮŵݣ˶ձԼһ߰ǧǮ֮࣬滹һ֧򴲵ķãˮվѴڼҪֵ࣬ÿ궼򴲣Ҳ̫˰ɣϴԼȥã˵ѴҪãôôĴǰĴȥˣⴲֲһƷôµô죿Щ
ǰûֶֹڿȴǸеĿģϰջԣҲûжǮձǮȴ˴󷽣᲻ʲôè壿
һ룬Ҷƽһ£֪Ȩϵܴ۸ӣֻһĿԱȻԾܾձ£ͣﲻձձһ˵⣬ļڵҲǺԭïҪֱ棬˵ڵĲܴˡ
֮£ʿסձĲӣձ϶Ȼ˵ֱձǸտʼʾ£Ϊ£һֻۣһֻۣһźʲô⡣
￼һᣬҶƽеȨлǰ˫нúÿΪϰʵ£ǲòã£п˵ԼֻЩһΪı˲ŻϲеõȨܲϵΣпܱȨ˫н˵øֻһʱѡ
ڸô죿ʵǻǺһֻ۱һֻۣҶƽ룬˽һ˵ʹƱΥ棬ֻҪʵҲǿԱģʵҲĿģûбҪˣֱӱ£뷨˽һ£ˮվûЩѡ


016 һǰ
ˮվǿҶƽϰϵΨһһѣǿһûʲôͥıũຢӳò׿һͨĴרֵȻֵַˮվ
ˮվ˵ֻһԵĲţİ칫ص㲢ԺڣһСԺ棬ְҲ࣬žˣǿǱȽһ˶һЩûʲôѧˣ䶼Ƚϴˣϰ࣬ǿǰʱϰģסˮվԺڡ
ˮվСǲûʲôˮÿѴҪˮվ˶ᲦһЩʽձΪվȻͻǮǸͣǮһЩ飬ټļڵرȽԱֻˮվվȴǳԵúܿӴúܡ
ҶƽҪʵ飬ҪСӦԣڶ죬ձڵʱһˮվǿ˽һЩ
ˮվ֮ҶƽͿǿһ˴ˮվڣһӣѴһˮվûʲôˣʮֵģûʲôĻ飬﷢
һҶƽЦ˽ǿվЦƽʲôˣ
ҶƽǺһЦôӭ
ǿæЦôܣһˣĸҲûˣһؼϢȥ
˻ؼϢȻû˹ܣһˣҪؼϢձ⻰ֻ˵˵
ЦЦҶƽھ͹ˣ͸˰ɣ
ǿҶƽԱһɵľɳϣֵһˮȻ˵ƽ칤Ǻæôпյʲô´绰ҹȥ𣿡
ҶƽɨɨڣЦڵҲƣų͸͸Ծ͵ˣվأ
֪ձڣҶƽһ£ǿ˵첻ߣ²Źֵ࣬ƽʱԷ⣡
Ҷƽʵôȥʳȥԣ
ǿҲԺڵˣձֲʳõķƱûȥԣ
ӣҶƽҲǸ£Էⲻ˼ֵ࣬쵼ҲʵǲˣȴܷձԸֻԶõ˲ŻģǿһղμӹõˣûʲôҪģ෴ǿҪͽŲΪǿȥʲôƱʳõķƱɲ˭ġ
֪ӣҶƽҲûа취΢ᣬҲﲻˡ
ǿԺûˣңзƱһԣҶƽ
ǿæ˵УƱùԵģҪǳԣ㻹ʲôһ˶ԸԸˣŰɣȽ˻ͺˣ
ҶƽЦЦˣ
ǿɫһ˼ûгɣôǵŮûнˮ¥̨ȵ£
ҶƽǺһЦʲô°һ۹ⶼǳϿģĺܣǵ£Ǿ£ˮﶼ֪ôģ
һǿ۾˵ҿǲ˰ɣǸҿ崿ĺܣ
ҶƽٺһЦ۾ǿǿǲǿˣҪҰһ£һûлᣡ
ǿɫͨ죬æסɱƽŮҿûʣǰɣҿɲ뵱˵ֻµĺӣ
ҶƽЦ˵˵㻹ţϰɣˣ׷ŮûɲУ㻹ûŮˣ
ǿоҶƽĻأ㷴ʵƽ˵ңŮˣ
ҶƽЦЦ˵ūδ𣬺ԼΪҸղμӹżҶڵҪ
һҶƽ˵ǿ֪д־ˣ˵ƽڵ϶ǰ;ģҴˮվ֪ʲôʱǸͷձһҲãҶ֪˵Щˣƽ˵ˮվﱨڽˣôˣ
һᵽ£ҶƽЦЦûôôҲ£
ǿˮվĿ֧ȫһ˵㣬廨ʲôôʲô֪˵ûʲôè壬ǻ治ţǲҲûãվССҲûᣡ
˵Ҷƽʵǿ֪ڷѴڼʲôûУ
ǿʵ˵һЩЩȥˣҲ֪ÿ궼򣬵ͲˣҲ֪ȥҲʡ
ҶƽûУ
ǿˣŰɣϴҪ˵ѴãûѧԺŪˣˣ
һ뵽ԺҶƽʵôҪ
ǿԺ棬ÿŴ˵ѧУֵȱŴܲùȥãձû˵ͬˣ飬ʵ˵ǵίȣȸòǣ
ǿĻҶƽһĳĬûȨûƾӣһҪţҪǿ϶ͬһȻ˵ţŷԸõģûֱӵ棬ձᵱ£Ϊ͸õκκô͸ԺȴǿԵõԺһ飬Ժ˵¾õõԺ̡
û뵽ˮվʣǷˮת˵ļңò˼ҵˣ˵Ժͻõõ˼ˣǧҪ̫
˵ŴҶƽʵ
ǿҿֻţûпôǲǱ˺öŴ
Ҷƽ˵⵹ûУֻǻΪʲôÿ궼Ҫ򴲣ǰĴΪʲôܺãҪأ
ǿ⻹ֻһξͲˣԺôȡô˾ˣ
Ҷƽ˵ͷʵûиձα򴲵ķŴǿֻţžȥˣûһʺš
Ҷƽ£ձԺȵ£û취ʵֻܺʵһⴲ£һúʵһҲһεĽᣬÿ궼´ɴȴǲԸã¾;ѻ𣬺ԼǮ˴ڷûûб
ǿȻȥˣпյί棬̸鲻Ҫ˵ձģһҶƽվȥ
ǿ˵ҲŲ˵أͷ˵վǲˣ˵ˣ˵ЩҲûãֻɧˣ
ǿӣҶƽЦǿҪôģЩ˿ܻһʱһһлҪǰ


017 ֣ǵ
Ҷƽص֮ȴǷձձ绰Էûȥձ˽¾뷨ˡ
ȻԾܾձȴΪûӣ͵ӣеܲÿԵ˲ϵһ£ʵô죬ҶƽСˣСһͷ࣬ԷҪһϿɲÿûа취ֱӸˡ
˲һԼǰû򴲵ķøҶƽأСǲڱձ治ð죬ең仯̫˿úúõģͻȻҶƽˣ֪ܴʲô뷨ǰǺïһϵˣܱܲסλҲǴģҪձʵ֧֣˶ձ飬Ҫúõظ취
˲һɣ˵գҪɴֱ֣ǩˣҪСӽˣһͨĹԱǧҪˣ˵ǲǣ
ձ˲һѣϻȻԣ˵ǰҸҪһأ֣Ѱѹضѣǲ֪֣ʲô̬ȣҪСǩô죿
˲Ц֣ȻһЩҲûаõģû˵ھȥ¥ʲô˼㻹ں㣬ֻҪˣСǹƣ𣡡
ձһ֣ҲƸȤˣеģϾɧһֱĲˣ֣ȻҲˣô˵Ҳа֣ڵĵλˣԭ֣ˣοڻõ˼ң᲻ײǣ᲻˱ʰ
˲ͨ绰ձž֣ϵ֣Ѿ극ģһձҪȥ¥ԷһҪƳƣľ;סձȰձһȥˡ
˾¥֮ձ˲飬ô£ͻȻ֮ôַ仯ˣ˵ѯʣ֣ؿƿҲ֪ⶼǲܴ󸻵İţܰѲܴ󸻵İŸ˵ֻ˵һСĵֹҶƽԭѣһѹҲǺõġ
һҲ͸ˣǲܴ󸻵˼ԺʵǲñˣҶƽûƹȥˡ
룬Ȼ㿪ʼ֣һᣬƾ˽Ť֫Цݣձæ֣֣Աߣ֣һӣЦƾ̧֣Աߣ֣˾ơ
ձкһȾƣ֣Ŷƣ¶Цݣ˾ơ
һֱ֣˺ȵʮӣƺ֣˶ȵˣȻձ˲Ҳȵò٣˾Ʋ֣ԱһϢһ¡
֣ϴַ棬һӾƽžͳȥˣձȥˣ֮ձ˲˾Ȼ໥ˣ˺֣
¥Ѿûˣ֣֮󣬾ͺ˯ƳȥŹϺһɱؿ֣ͼæ߹ȥ֣ѣ֣˼ûж
Ʋ֪ô죬Լ˲ھ¥һˣ֣Ҫ˵֣ԭûô⣬ȴ֪ˣԷĴˣÿһһ֪ʲô˼ڿ뵽ԼóʱûӴˣ֣ûǺǿ׳ģһ룬ǾƾĴ֮£һʱ٣
֣ͻȻ˸ۿſεҪȴʹûŪףͿں˹ȻӾ͵ϡ
ڶ죬Լ賿ĵ֣࣬͵͵Ժﻹͨͨͣϵ飬еԼڷ̣͵ĸоһ޷˵Ĵ̼Ȼ£ȴǻһΡ
糿һ칫ңձһձϾ͸оЩȣ˲Ŀͣ£֪֪֪֪ˣǿǲˡ
֣һۣձЦЦ֣ϺȵôСɧǺ˿Ŷ۲ʲôʱߵģ
һձ⻰֣͸оæ˵ǸҾˣҲǵģҲ˵һһ˶ԺɲһȾˣ
֣Ȼ飬ǴʱȴǷΪ·ʲôҲûзһǼʹҲֱ̫ձ۾۾ѣձʲô
֣Ļٻһϵ飬ձתתЦ֣˵ʱҲˣߵʱҲûж룬һ룬ʱ¥ҲûˣⲻǸ㴴ô㲻ǿֶɣ
ձ˫ӣһ¾͵õ˶˽³ƺΪմۣ۾Ȼˣ֣ʱ飬ס㼱æ˵˵⻰ʲô˼ʲôֶ飬Ҳ˵֮Ҿ𣿱ϹЩûõģ
ձЦЦ˵֣ҲϹˣұƱ£ץǩСҶСӰѵݽûУ
֣һ˵£˵ûнңʲô
ձܲżСЩʶ̧٣Ҵ绰ͶӣץѷƱûǩˣ
֣һ̬ȱȽᣬ֪ⷢƱݣĲӦҪ󣬵һ뵽ϵ£ľЩ飬Ȼȥձ֪֮䷢ϵ飬ҪŷҲпֻܶ˵СҶ֮ǩ𣬿㼱ӣ
֣ӦˣձֿһЦл֣Ȱʱˣȥ¥ô
⻰˵֣ľæ˵Щ飬ҲȥӰ죡
ձһЦɶӰ죬о仰ʲôţ룬ˣʲôɫɲͣ˵ĶԲԣȥΪ˳Է
벻ձĸֵĳ֣ҡҡͷҪձȥţŲܴͻȻ绰תȥˣձ£ڰ칫ҵҶƽһᣬҶƽˣһҶƽ˵СҶǷƱûУ
һӣҶƽɨһۣʲôûأվȲˣ
ձ̻ôôСһˣЧʾͲУûҲˣѷƱңֱ֣ǩ
ձʢ˵ӣҶƽеǳĲ죬绰ҪʱǸĿȴӣСǲĶˣȻĵӻû꣬ӶԴԼ


018 ίίٿ
ձƣҶƽŬס̲ߵ칫ǰӳҳƱһóƱձֱߵǰһƱˣûˣ֣ȥ
˵꣬ձʹҡڵˣձſȥӣҶƽսȭͷ۾ȥǿǵʱ䲻ΪһĸɲҪעһЩӰ죬ܹȥһŽСӴڵزɣ
סҶƽһ룬С֮ôһҹ֣ˣƿһأֱ֣Ӹǩ֡
һ֣ŵձķƱҶƽǰ˵֣ΣձķƱղˡ
Ҷƽһۣ֣ûʲôʹӦһûˣæȥɣԺٰ
һ֣̬ȣҶƽȷձˣ֣ƽʱоֱһˣڿҲˣ
죬ҶƽΪʵ£ŪȽϱ֪ձòԣȴһ취ҲûУ֮СȻǰУټʱˣһȻҪҲҪֻҪ㶨֣ÿпޣվվ֪ºҲֱŰ취֣һˣոյõʴȨȻͬ裬û˵ˡ
֪ºطǳǳƲ𣬰зЦߺߣҪΪȨôˣҪǲãɲ˼͵̨Ҫ˵ȨĻҶƽУ
ֹ죬嵽Ҷƽ˵Ѿˣʲôʱ쵼ȥҶƽ֮ȥҲܴ󸻣ʱ˵Ҫһȥģȥ
ܴ󸻴ʱæŰӵ飬ͷҪٿίо£һ飬˵СҶȸ쵼ϵһ£ȹһȥҪż£
һܴ̬ȣҶƽ֮󣬾Ͱ˵ˣȻģžͻȥˣȷ⣬ȻŴ绰Զ죬顣
˵ڶ죬ٿίίᣬϯУίǹ飬ί˳ίǹίǳίί֯ίί࣬ίί칫δ»ίίί־£ίίίǶΣίί䲿ί־ίίسܹʮһˣسȱְȻʮί
ʱسͳس֮⣬س볣벻ίίӡ
һȽܸɵίǣ̫ǿӲسֲͣһλسƽȥ֮󣬵ͷٳû˼µسȻ˳ںżҲûãһлҪͷ
ܵȵ˳سԺٿίоİˣڹٿίίᣬȷ²ӵİ⡣
ȹٿһǰ칫ᣬûܴͳһ˳ȫβ糤ܴίǣǹͳȴǷΪԪĵ֣һǴίȥĸɲ˴εڲܴ˳λ֮ҲӦԪ˳λβ糤һְܴĻֱ֣ӽȫΪ糤
˵ɺ֣ܳϿΪԪ򱧲ƽʵϹ˳˶֪Ԫι飬Ļᣬ϶ҪΪԪȡãȻ˳Ź˵˵ΥصԭűǺ顣
鵱Ȼ˳¶˲˳˶ʸίǣ˳ʵں֮㣬ڹ֮Ž˳ģҪʸ˳Ӧڹ¶˵ĺ棬Թ¶˶ԹԽ£ĵǳ˵Ȼͬ
Ϊ֯μǰ칫ᣬԣֻصȻίǣ˳Թ¶˵֣ҲռʲôˣΪյµĹ涨볣ί֮Ĺϵ¼ϵƽϵίҪʵм쵼ίǲԸǲʲôìܣŻ˵㡣
ڹ¶ȷȫֱΪ糤ôɶ֣Ԫûа취оȥǰ칫޹ա
ǰ칫ˣôֻϳίˣίԱ࣬ͨľзЧǰ칫Ͼʽľ߻ֻоίµʽΪ㡣
ίίί칫¥Ķ¥һίǽӵ֪֮ͨ½½˻ҡ
ڹǿҷٿίʱ̣Դ֮󣬳䲿ί־һ̳˳֮⣬˶סˣΪùһ١
־һܴ󣬿ʱûжԷЩס̲סͳһ񣬰̵ϣһֹÿοë鲻ˣ־飬͵飬ίҲͲҪμˡ
һӣҲûа취綾񫣬ίҲûֹס˼ҳ̰
־ͳ˻ֻԳ̣˶Գ飬ζŨ̵ͬ־ԶԶģί໹һλŮͬ־ԶʱֻȥƮǰŨ̡
˽һ߽ŵһζһüͷʲôҲû˵־ӣͳһڣ³ȦһԽüԽҪ飬ôɡ
ί칫δ»еĴ򿪺󣬹жŵĲ豭ļϷŵϣȻһ·õһȥɵеϡ
ɨ˻һۣ鿪˵İӳ⣬ίï˫棬ţҲˮ쵼һȱְصоһ²ӵĵ⣬⻹һЩϼļҪһ²ӵĻ
ȱ˽ĻݣΪٿһ˵֮󣬱㿴һݲչǵָʾ֯ŶԲİӽһͿ죬ǵĿͷһĵίһְ糤ܴ󸻽Σ糤һְѡһίԪһǳ糤ȫ˭ȥ֮󣬾Ϳճһ糤ίǣ֯ò縱Ƽɲ֣֮˳ͬ־Σ⵳һְ֯ɲ絳ɲҶƽΣôһо
֮ĳί￪ʼĥ飬һ÷


019 о
ܴ󸻺ԪȫˣίǶ˽һЩǶ֣ҶƽˣеĳίͲ˽⡣еĳί˵֮һ£˽ܣ˵֣ԭǸƼɲֻûʲôְεʵְʵְλȥҶƽʵ˶˽⣬ⶼ˳Ҫղ絳ίƼҶƽΪ絳ίίԱκѡˡ
ֻҽһҶƽѧȻôҽо
Ϻ˳ȱ̬ܴһֱڲ絣糤ǹɼǹίǵʸˣ˴εβίǣʵģͬ֯Ľ顣
˳ȾͲܴ󸻵һֻ̬ȷܴ󸻵ְ֮󣬲о˭糤⣬ܴ󸻵ίǣ糤һְûˡ
ǰ칫ϲûнҵķ磬ͳ˲ԸȻǲίһְΪԪ糤ǱһֶΣ˳˵֮󣬹Ϳһ˵ΪĹһֱô˵ïίйأǲܴΪ糤ҲŲжΣ˵ĹɼҿûʲôɼίδؾͺϸԪԭί칤ȽǿȻֻǸǣίڴˣֱӵίҲǲԣҵһͽ飡
ΪԪ糤Բܴ󸻵ΣȻԪίǣӶ˳ѹʹ˷ȫ糤뷨
˵֮˳Ϊ϶˳ŹĻ˵鷳ǳȴ˵Ҿòܴ󸻽ίһְǺʵģͬ⣡
˻һ鶼æ࿴ۣΪ͹֮ǲҲ˷磬ÿһ£ȫȥ
ǳ˵֮󣬹ûʲô飬ﲻɫʲô˵ӣ˳֮ú֡
֮ĳίûзԵ־Ҳ³֣ͬ⣡
Ҷͬ飬ֻйͬ⣬ܴܽ󸻵糤꣬˴εΪίǺʵģͬ־вͬԼ¼ڰǻӶԭ򣬲ܴ󸻵βίһְͨˣ糤ѡһ
һ˶ûл˵ˣʼ˭糤⣬˳˵糤һְҿȫαȽϺʣλͬ־ǳ糤糤ȽϤڿչһĹԪһֱµǱֲȽϺá
һ˵ǲ˳ڻһίôҲŵسΪʲôóسֱӵسⶼǰģô
ԣ˳һ˵꣬Ͼ˵˳⻰ЩףȫȻǳ糤ĵûԪǶǣôһΪ糤Ҳûʲôϵĳɼܴ糤ûʲôɼ˵糤ˣȻûʲôͻĳɼǻǰԪ糤ȫȻ֯ôǰһίǣ
ԼĹ۵㣬˵оݣôױģ˵֮ͰʾǲκģеĳίǶֹ֧˳
˵֮󣬳һӣȻңһɫ˵糤һְѡΪӦӱֲȶеïոճ£˵Ļ̻̣ٲΣȫ糤ôᵼûбεĸزİӾͻŽ᲻һӰ쵽ϵȶ϶ǲԸ⿴飬òܴ󸻽λίһְȻԪ糤һְǱȽ׵İ취Ǽȫ糤²İزŽᣬ˭ұ˲κˣֻǴӹϿǣӴϿǣղ˵ĶԣûʲôͻĳɼͰͬģҾ˵Щ
ѻ˵ˣȻͿαϣԵ÷ǳĿ͹۹ղûк͹һԲܴ󸻵Ϊں֧Ԫ糤ֳĿ͹۹ί޻˵
Ȼһ˵꣬ԭسõĳίͲͣصͷʾͬ糤һְԪαȽϺãȫҪίһְԪİࡣ
ʱγһߵ֮ƣֻиسΪȫ糤ֱӵ糤һ˵˳ˣȻ֧ȴ˸оһ˼ǲǾسҲֱӽس
Ե˳Լȫ糤ίǾͻΪʸ֮ģܶ˵ĲڽسĹؼʱڣǵ͵һЩãس֮ȫҲ١
鱾ûҪȫ糤˼һж˳ţڿҶͬԪ糤ίҲΥҵԾֱͬ˴ҵ糤һְԪΪá
Ԫ糤ѡᵽȫһ£Ԫ飬ڹѾﵽĿģȫίǵģûκͨˡ
ȫһͨµλӾͳ˴оĿ꣬˳֣ίǵģڿĿǴﲻˣֻ֣γ糤Ļÿƺһµ糤ԪҲһѡ
֣Ҳ̫Ϥ֯ˣһʱҲ᲻ѡ֣ǸƼɲĵҲԽΣȻ˲ͬûֹס֣Σ֣ĳ糤һְͨˡ
֣ͨĳ糤֮󣬾ʣ²絳ίίԱһְˣо־˵Ҫһ£һ²ίҲ˸˵ҪϢһ£ȻҾϢһ£һٻᡣ
ȴһȥϢҲǳȥһ£ίԱߵʵղŽѡʲô֣
ЦŶ˵Ҷƽǳᣬμӹ°ɣ
һ˫Ĵ۾˵μӹ¾ҪΪΣ
ЦȻСӱȽᣬǹȽϳɫ絳ίƼ֯Ҫ˼Ҳ絳ίΪá
һ˵˵ǸʲôӣȻղμӹ͸ɳ˳ɼθƼʱᰡ


020 ͬ
ҷ¼ᣬҶƽεһְ飬˲ͬСҶŸողμӹôһӾҪΪίίԱΣǲ̫һЩ
˳̽͵СҶȻμӹʱ䲻ҪСҶǰѧԺıƴѧѧܸߣԸ⵽㹤ƾһ㣬ͺ˲ĸһ㣿˵ǱררҵҲҪسǵȥȫʮһɲǱзȨ֪ʵģûСΣ֮֯ҪСҶεΣҪĹɼμӹʱ䲻ȴһ飬Ĵ׷յȴ·ѵ⣬СҶͬ־ͨԼŬõ͹˾ĺԶ쾭ԵطչףȺڵһ⣬ΪȺһ£˵ĸɲ㲻㣿òΣ
ĳίһԶ֣һԵȥչףλСҶͬ־ϵģҵ۾һӾ벻飬СҶǲ뺫ԶʲôݣҪȻôϵϺԶף
ǹٳˣҵҲܷḻ˳СҶݣҿݣ˵˲˵Ļʱ˵˶֪ôġ
˳Ļ䣬־˲ͻȻµθʲôóģҿСӲΪϰհʵ£ŸɲҪữ֪ʶСҶͬ־ȫͬ֯
ƽʱ־󷢱ʲôͻȻôһ˵ôһΪǲǳ̳˾񣬷ʲô´½ˡ
־˵֮žžવؼ̣һĲÿγίо⣬Ҫ죬һԸֱˣȻʱ߶䡣
һ߶ãæ̬ղû벻ôһͬ־ͬ־ĻھҪữ֪ʶĸɲСҶͬ־Ʊҵ㣬ͻɼȻȻμӹʱ䲻ȫõͬ絳ίƼ֯СҶͬ־Ϊ絳Σ
תȻΪ־ͬ⣬Ϊ˳ϤԶ죬֪Զڵͷ쵼ǰĺˣȻҶƽܴһϵαΪһССһְﺫԶ죿
ͻȻתԱ߾һǣͬô죬Ƕû˵˰Ҿ˵һҸ˵ɣҸΪԽĸɲڹԽд˵ΪҲᣬҾĹǳ࣬Ҷƽͬ־ȥͷǳ˲ָɳһɼɲ治ңѧôߣ͸ˣ֯ʶˣҾ÷ǳӢǾҪܸɵĸɲ
һҲ˵ʲôֻܸЦָ߹󣬹֮ԷһǾҶƽһᣬĸɲɳףԼҲ֪ģղ쵱Ҳ⣬û֧˽ΪãһǾһЩίҲ̫ˣ֧Ҷƽβ絳εˣҪ̬ȣίԺһЩˣίɲеô
Ҷ֧ҶƽεΣ鵱Ȼᷴԣ˵ҵۣ絳ίίԱһְλСҶͬ־ˣͷҲǷǳɲѡεģִĽ벻ɲĳɳͬ־ղŵĽǳãҪȡͬ־ҪһǸͬʱҲҪעɲϣ䣬ֻǵĸɲṹܺ
˳Ļһ̬ǸһӣͬʱҲǱɲ̬ȣ굣θƼɲʱҲҶƽ䣬غҲûһЩˣǹͳȷԣžͻȫˡ
о֮󣬹ʹѧϰһµļļһҪļҪǿũҵչľٽũգѧϰԺ󣬻ɢˡ
ɢ֮˳ͻص칫ңܴ󸻴һ绰ίĽܴһϲԸԳίˣֻԪ糤ﲻˣԪһ糤ʱ࿹ˣ֣ûеίǣǰ칫ûа취ա
˳ȴ˵󸻣ҶƽӣҪúãֻҪܰӸûˣ㲻õԪ飬һҲͬСҶεεģ֪׸ô˰ɣ
ܴȻף˳ǰ˵ף˵ףһúôҶƽĹϵ
˳ܴ󸻴绰Ǳ߹ҲԪһ绰ԪһȻҲǺܸˣҪ֪糤źܴıԸԳȷʵе˷ܡ
ں˵Ժ󣬹ҶƽСͬ־һӣ洦ҶƽĹϵ⣬ҪʲôìܣʲôһҪһʱ
ĻԪЩף˺Զ飬һԭ飬Ԫ̾ôˣӦţ֤ᴦ⡣
Ԫ绰֮󣬹Զһ绰֮ǰȽϤŽһʵ
ӵĵ绰Զ컹ееֻ֣ԹηȻϤƽʱϵĲ֪࣬ʲô
ͨ˵绰֮󣬹ЦһԶӦţһ͹˵˵ǰʱȥȥˣ
ԶЦǱһײ쵼ϲԣҾȥչһЩô֪µģ
Цҽ˵ǽ쿪ίо˼˵飬Ծʹ绰㣬㵱ʱأҲû˵һҪ֪ˣһҪϹȥȥϵһ氡
ԶͺǺһЦǿίо⣬ôᵽҵˣ
ЦⲻΪǣһҶƽͬ־˻ʾԣ֯Ű¼һ˵Ҿûˣгɼǣ˭Ҳ÷˰Ծ֪ˣ˵ɲɹ
һ˵ҶƽԶ֪ôˣ벻ӻҶƽˣֻǲ֪Ҷƽʲôְ
ôһ룬ԶЦԭСҶʲôְ񰡣
һϲ˵Ϊ絳Σ


021 Феף
ӺԶĻܵҶƽĹģһ׺ԶҶƽ֮Ĺϵ˳֮Ҷƽԭˡ
ͺԶֺǺǵ˵˼仰Ͱѵ绰ˣڹٳϲˣ²ǴˣһСĲȵһŵϣǿǶԼǳ飬еʱҪСһЩý
ίĳίһ꣬Ϣʹ˳ܴ󸻺Ԫæˣڳ˲絳ίҪ쵼һӳΪͽĶͷһЩ˽õ˷׷״绰ǵϲף˸
ȫûܵ糤ȻЩʧǴӳ糤ΪίǣһǷֹĸǣλΰͶǰ棬Ϊĵ֣˵Ȳ糤ȨҲˣö˶Ŵλείǵλãȴ׷ɵأӦʲô˵ģһЩõҲǷ׷׸˵绰ףء
֣ԭһûְĸƼɲڵŻͻȻ֮ܵϳ糤Ҫȫ˵Ķ࣬ȻܴείǣԼҲ֪ЩѶȣϾƼʵְĸƼһӵίǣҲ᲻ġ
˵˳糤һЩܾûϵ˵绰ʾףأ֣ӵǵĵ绰֮ǸпЩԭϵķǳƵǺûʲôΪҪڵ棬ؾͲϵˣЩ˵е˶糤ʲôģλߣҲϵˣһ˳糤Щ˸оһЩô׷״绰ʾһ˼ףأлԷ
ӵǵĵ绰֣ûʲô˵ģֻ˵ԺҪúðסᣬŬȡƽƽǴžͲԶˡ
Ǽ֪Ϣٶȶܿ죬ֻҶƽ֪ԼϵΣΪڻûӴĹϵû˴绰ܴ֪ϢҲûϸΪûʽͷȶڻŵεΣҪۺϿһ£ֵ칤ȶԡ
˼ףصĵ绰һСʱܴ󸻱ӵί֯ʽ֪ͨԪһί̸ίίῪԺ󣬻һǰ̸ɹ̸˱εˣֻҪ쵼βŻ
ܴ󸻺Ԫ˽ӵ֪ͨ󣬱ҴææһسǸȥǴæӰУһЩϢͨĸɲͲ²⵽һЩ飬һֱڹעţҲõʱˡ
ͨǺ֪ܴܿԪ糤£Ȼȫίǣ֣γ糤Ҳ֪ˣΨ˭εһְȴûдΪҶƽһҲûУĸɲ֪ˣĸɲǴ˵ò̫һʱһ
ʱ򣬵ȫȥˣĴ̽Ϣǳؽţϴεõ˳ĽӼһְܾܿˣϢԽԽٽԽţŰѼţŵĺڲϻš
һ£ϲ¶һֵɫûİܴ󸻿ûа취⵹ïʱͨѼţŵĺڲϣïţһı̹˳ѼĹһ㾪ĶǵζڸĦ˹참ȻҲ֣Эû֣ЭҲǰ첻ģ֣˶ǲܴ󸻵Ĵ󹦳
ֻ˲ףʱï죬ܴһֱƣţߵĺˣΪʲôҪܴ󸻣
һ˿϶ģһˣΪţŵĺˣҲȲҦΰҦΰïݣţλ󣬵һְֲΪ˸˵ǰ;ֻлȥˣòܴ󸻰ï£һļϣ͹һˡ
ֹϵܴ󸻵ȻʮֵΣïţŵ֮һӾڵ͹˳˻֪ô£Լȴ׵ġ
ݹܴͣ󸻵ȻܿΪΣû뵽ڹϻһЩ⣬ҶƽͻȻ׵飬Զǰ˳ܴƼҶƽ˶Σֱ֪ΪίΪ絳ίίԱΡ
ȻĴţҲʣ֣ãͺ֣һ飬֣ҶƽҲǲִ˼绰˵ҲǲףЩˡ
骺ͳ˵ȻûôţҲһ֪ĽûжϢԴ˶ֻϹ骾Ϊϣ֣һΣ϶λˡ
üͷû˵ʲôһ˭ô϶½ۻЩ硣
뵽ͻȻһ£ȻʲôҲû˵ȥ骲֪ô¾͸ĺ档
ʱҶƽһڰ칫Ҳӵһ绰绰˲ǱˣĸкʹѧͬѧФС
Фίƹλ߶ˣֻҪ糤ţΪίȻûʲôְҲǸƼְλ⣬û˸ҲԭʱûôҶƽ
ίίԺ󣬾ȻҶƽεϢ󾪣һʱ֣Цרܵ֯һ
һʲģ֪Ϣʵ֮Фдڰ칫룬Ҷƽô͵õΣһʮ˲õ飬˵û취ίȣ˼ڴСǸƼˣֻһԱȻλͬǼȴˣٷչ꣬˵ܵˣǾһСˣίĴͷǿˡ
һ룬Фϵĵ绰ҳ絳ĵ绰͸˹ȥҶƽһ˴ڰ칫ңһӵ绰˶ǳˣϾͬѧȻФԭ߸ϣϵҶƽҲ⣬˼ίԼίһΣᲢۡ
֪Фʲô£ҶƽҲûȥ飬ΪФʲô֪ͨҪФһӵĵ绰͸˵ض˵ƽСôͱˣץسͣǺøףأ
Ҷƽ¶صУ˵ʲôأôˣСǲ˵λ
ФȴǴЦص˵ʲôλҶȥ֯ʹˣСӳΪ絳ˣǵίίԱƼû뵽Сӵֵ򣬻εô죬붨˰һ£ټ𼸸ͬѧףһ£


022 
ͻȻ֮ϢҶƽеͷЩɣӦԳԵصУ˵ʲôҳˡίίԱθƼ
ФеɲզãֵȥǻΪϧҲǶֵĽҪڿôΪƼˣ֯˵ΪԸ⵽ȥƸˣһСռ˱ˣ
ȥҶƽﲻЦһ£һˣҳһǧɣͬһ˵Ҳҵһǧֻû뵽䵽ڵһεˡ
У˵ģҶƽǸоЩš
Феôƭ㣬ҹ֯ͻᵽȥˣм٣ܵǸ
ҶƽæЦɱ쵼ҿɵǼٵģǴҳԷͬѧþûһˣ
ĸɲĸɲΪ쵼ҶƽʱҲФпЦ쵼
Ф֮ǺǴЦû⣬ǼٵģרǸģҪƷһأǳԷˣ
Ҷƽæ˵ȻҾͻһµĹҵĿͻ𣿡
ФЦ㶼˵˻ôùͰĻǾͲˣǵ㹤ʹʲôģҪԾͳĹǵλȥˣ
Ҷƽ˵ǲ˹Ժ˽˵ľۻᣬ֪ˣ˵ġ
ФЦ˵ƽôϴѧʱô氡⹫˽ķֵô壬㵱˵ΣǸףһ£ǲйҲ˽˽͵һˣôܷ壿ö˵ˣ㵱˵Ժ֪ˣ˵ˣ쵼Ϲȹ˰
˵һᣬФоͰѵ绰ˣҵ绰ԺҶƽһ޷ƽЩʱ򳣷˹˵СҶȥһ£и˽˵绰Ҫ򣡡
һǰһ˽Ҫ˽˵绰Ҷƽ֪Ҫʲô˽˵绰칫ĵ绰Ҳǹ˽ֲģٴ˽˵绰⣬ûٱŵ绰ҵ绰࣬һµĵ绰ѾͲ٣֪жǴ˽˵绰ġ
Ҳ˵ʲôת˳ȥһž˲ƣ뵽ŴķûûбԼûжǮҪͣõУǮѰһµĹʶˣǰȥѣʲôʱܸˡ
ŴķáҶƽ˲֮󣬾ʾԵ˵һ¡
˲ƴһӣԴüͷصСҶ𼱣Ǯˣҵһ͸㱨ûǮ쵼ĺöʻûбأǵǮҪż
⻰˵ٴˣҶƽҲԸˣ˵ǮǵţڵʱӦģ糤ҲǩֵģûǮǮûаɣҸϰ࣬ҲûжǮ鷳͸˰ɣ
һҶƽȻ˵ˣ˲ɫһ䣬˵ţδӦ㱨ģȥţȥ쵼ʶûб쵼Ҫ
⻰һ˵Ҷƽ֪ǹⲻˣһ쵼̧ѹ뵽Фиոմĵ绰ֻһ̣󵽵ܸܲ
תҪȥձͻȻԱߴ˳һ˲ƣЦ˹˵ԣϴθķƱûУԱ˰ɣ
ձϴαķƱ֣ǩ֣Ȼ־ܴǩ֣õɲһ飬˲ǩ֧ͬǮܵУȻʣǮûõһ˲Ʊһʡ
˲һձǺЦգ𼱰ʲôʱ򿨹ʣһǮҪʱͿˣ
һҶƽ̲ס˵ǹҿɲȥ죿
˲Ƹûװûֱ§ձļˣһ߻һ߶ձЦСӣţӦڻűʣӲ֪ôģ
ձҲ֪µģǺһЦԣţˮվ贲һ仰ͰˣԼȥȥˣǺǣľͷһ
գ۸ϵɣһҿǴûпЦһ£˲ûнĻת׽ص
ձЦȻ۸Ĺϵ϶û˵ˣҪҪǽȥ¥
˲ȴüȥʲô¥ȵе࣬ҲȥˣҺ˵£ϲҪˣ֪ԭĹϵҵǺᶯˣⷽһ£
һ˲ᵽ£ձ֪̾еΣˣԭïĹϵãïˣïԺȥ˻ûвʲôԾͷ˳ڲܴҪǣǺҪˣǷǳҪְλǵźѵϣűסԼλǺȻ顣
룬飬ܰϵæΪػˣ˲ȴïģΪˣ쵼һ㲻ȥҪ쵼ϵܰ˲˵˵˵һá
ԣ֪˼û⣬ҵлϲģҲ˵ϻֻҪ˵ͷ㻹õЩ𣿡֮ձظ˵Ȼﲢûжٵף˲ǰҪֳ
˲æлգֵʲôҲ˵ˣߣҵǮȥ
ձȵ㲻˵Ǯܵ𣿡
˲ƽЦǶ˵Сģ㻹ˣ
ǺǣԣģҶƭˣ

һ˵ŻһﳤȥҶƽǸտʼһǵ˵ȻˣȵԶȥ֮һ뵽˵Ļ˸ղŵӣ͸оĽʹһ㣬˾׶治˲ʵѹûŸʣŪڿԼֱӰ˵ϣҲֱӰˣǲԭ
ӵФеĵ绰֮˷ܸܺ˵ģ־ôһ£ͷֳ֪˵֮˲ƻʲô̬ȣⴲķû᲻ȷǲˡ
ţͻȻӰ칫һͬһ京ŵĻվԱҲЦ绨Ҷƽее֣֪Ϊʲôӡ
ƣȴһţЦŽеҶΣףˣ
һҶƽԳԵʵ㣬㣬ղŽʲô
վԱ߽Ҷƽ㲻Ҫˣ֪ˣ㵱ϵˣͣ


023 쵼ļ
ڶ磬ί֯лɽ֯磬׼ίԲ쵼ӵµ
ڴ֮ǰʵлɽ絣ίǵ˼Ȼ˳ֲ֧ܴ󸻵ǣǹԲܴ󸻵ӡ󲻴ãԾŴίصһ˵ȥְлɽͲȥ
лɽԵְûжȤΪط̫ˣҽͨҲ㡣ɽһСɽвɽɽԱ߻һӣӣȻɽˮǾȴʮֵͷûгӣһпũҵΪϰյ벻ߣְɲη;Ԫ﹤˵˺üϣűְġ
лɽί֯ҪȥְҲԸ⣬εְλίһ֣˲ԸȥôίͲǿȥӰ쵽֮󣬹ͷ뷨
лɽΣ֪νɽˮ񣬲òҲøɣɶ
طˣҲʲô飬ʵʵشί֯λȨأ˭߿һۣҪǵȻһСܱȲί֯߸ϵĺá
лɽһ·Щ飬ӽСʱĵ˲磬ܴѾӭӵ׼ټȫĻظɲ͸ĴɲһٿᣬԪһصȻһֱǹϵ黹Ҫ໥ϵģֹ˺Ƥֱ໥̨ڹٳϻǺٷġ
ٿҶƽһʱææˣܴ󸻵̸֮󣬾ͰеԼİ칫ҽľ֪˲ܴ󸻵Ļ֮Եúǳȣòܴ󸻸оֹ٬ҶƽⷽҪǿ̫ࡣ
Ҷƽ̸Ժ󣬲ܴ󸻾ڿʼεΣ׼Ļ飬֣ͲٸˣҲҪٲ칫ҵĹˣаš
һҶƽ͸оڲܴ󸻵ĿлǷǳܵãϵԺ󣬹Ʋ쵼ܿҪŵȥҲãٴʲôԵĹ
ںҶƽ̸껰Ժ󣬲ְܴҲ˵һ£һȻӣվû˵ԼΪܴ󸻳ȴûеõرеƽⰡ
ӣܴ󸻾Ͷ˵СεĵȫίľҸ˵ȻȥȻҲȥˣίûͬ⣬Ҳûа취㲻ҪʲôȻϵΣְһ㰲ŵģ㲻ҪżĹԺͲҪˣȹһʱ䣬Ұͷٵһ£ʱĸְλþ㵣ĸ
ܴ󸻰οĻȻҲ˵ʲôˣίΪʲôûͬİţҲҶƽΪʲôλûвܴ󸻵ƼҶƽλ
һʱ벻ͨ£Ҳֱʲܴ󸻣Ȼˣ˵ʲôҲûˣڲܴһĵлᰲŵһĸְλþͰĸǿ϶ǲˣ˵죬ͷûбȲõĵλˣβһְǻģֻ˲ƻᰲŵȥ⵹ǿòܴ󸻶еͷ۵顣
ҶƽӲܴ󸻵İ칫Ժ󣬻ص죬˾Χ˹ʲô¡֪ҶƽεһְˣʱҴææܵרŴ绰ģ벻ǣ绰Ǹ˾ȻФС
Фڴ֮ǰһίУѵʹʶˣȻϵŮѹϵ˼һֱûȷǱȽϿФеģФжԳҲǺ⣬ͬʱ˸һλֳǧЩԥˣļͥҲһļͥ϶ǱȲϾֳļֳͥҵǧϹϵǿɾ˲ˣ;ϻھҲкܴĸơ
ʱФ߶ûжԽӵĵ绰Ǻȵģһʵ飬ֱӸĵڶҶƽͬѧ
ǰʶʱФвûҶƽͬѧ£һҶƽȻͬѧһµˣҶƽФͬѧҶƽ¹ǵǿˮˡ
ôһܲҶƽʾףأȻҲ֪ˣӰ칫ҳ֮󣬿Ҷƽ㺰Ҷˡ
˲ܴ󸻵ֱӰţҶƽ൱εΣ˺Ļһ£׼
Ҧΰڲ£ǼˣҶƽҲû˵ʽεˣͲˣóúõ̸һ̸Ըڵ죬Ǿͺúõظɹ룬Ըúøˣֻý졣
ڵڸɹȻ˱һﲼ飬Աܶ࣬Ҫɨ쵼ƺҪӡˮʲôҲҪźãԭ˾Щ飬Ҳʮֵ˳ֻ֣Ҷƽ׼Щ̫û쵼ˣԭʱţſ϶ԴɨЩ顣
Ҷƽæðӣ骾Ц˵ҶΣҿȥЪϢɣҺͷ˸ɾУ
Ҷƽɨŵأ骵ĻЦվһѺ˵û£ǧҵʲôǶˣûôĹأҲҪʲôҶΣֱӽ֣Ÿо
Ҳڴɨ˵ĻʹԱҲ¶ͷЦôУûйزɷԲ˽һЩڹϻǸôô죬ȻҶ£ο¾ͻᵱȥˣ
Ҷƽתһó˵ҲǣûʲôڴĿûţű˰Ųȥ⵳칤ûչˣȻ˵еԼᣬڳʲô쵼ļӣеʱӲڣž㿴ܴԭ糤ʱûʲôӣһֲίĹˣǼӾͰ˳ǰ͵ùؾˣʲô飬ҲҲȥһĹͿչԭûʲôӣͺģ˵ʲôҲûʲôίǣ
ʵͺͲܴ󸻸տʼ﹤ʱƵģҲҪԳһõ˷쵼˵Ļһ
оֻûжһ͸ú࣬ҿܲˣҲ𲻵ˣϾûһĹμӹʱ̣ʱҪǫһã̬һ㣬ôˣȻ󾭹һʱĹôҳȨٰ쵼ļôҺ÷


024 
æϣڰѻҰŲúã˾ĹӣҶƽеⲻȥҪǵ¥ȥԷһǺܸˣЦҶƽȥ
ʵҶƽĻſĳɷ֣µĹʻûзûжǮϽţҪǿ͵ĻµûǮǻѳڣ˸˵ӣҲֻӲͷƤȥǵĿˡ
˾˶¥Ҷƽ֮ǰҲ¥ԹǴ࣬Ȼ֪Ҳˣǲ졣
֮Ҷƽ͵˼ˣȻЦǲҪϵƣЦžܾˣΪŮͬ־ǻûְá
㣬骣ˣǱʾлڿ֮ǰҶƽ˱ʾһ¸л
̺ǺǵЦ˵ƽӦҶβǣ֮ͲôˣҺͷԺȫƾʹǸʲôǾ͸ʲôۿۣ㣬˵ǲǣ
˵Ťͷ򳣷˵˵ǣƽǵˣĹõȻҲﲻ̫æֻҪʲôҪĵطǻ岻ݴǵȥͱ찲ŲûʲôģǶᳵ·ƽǧҪʲôֻܷԸ
ĻȣҶƽͷҪŮˣȽϳأЩҪ˵صһЩ
˵˳ʱ䣬ԴԳԱΪȡԱ󣬳ͦظԳڲͬĵطҶƽķڵͷţһ̧ͷȻæְͷ£ǵˣǧ˾̰ɫͷԣֳܱ
ӣЦЦǰͦͦţʱһ޷շ֮⣬һҶƽ󣬽һ˫쵽Ժ㷢ʮֵˡ
ʱҲ˷ȹڣȻҲչֳַӣôǰͦǰҲǿյģ˸еʧһģȴϲ
Ҷƽֻ͵ǣǳ˷ﶢѵشԣеܲ˼
æ·˵ˣԱˣǻȥɣ
˲ЦЦҪԱ˳Եò࣬ʣٵķأٳԵ£
Ҷƽֱվ˵ˣԲ˵Ĵȥ˷ˣ
ǺǣЦţֻҲվæȥʣµķ˴ȥ˵ʵڵģĸɲûʡ骻еΪ飬ǰҶƽķԸѰˡ
˰Ҷƽǰ̨˴ƾͺˣҶƽԼĿ㶵˵ϰȼţҷٸвУ
Ƥһ̧˵ǩǵ쵼׼У֣ͬ𣿡
⡭Ҷƽһʱ֪˵ʲôˣҸǩҸ˻ѻ쵼׼𣿡
ƵǶԸ˲ʣֻĸɲԲʣ㻹Ǹֽɣ
ҲĸɲҶƽæ˵
ưһ۵ɲɲҲһģ˵ĸɲ˵ĸɲһ˼
ʲô˼Ҷƽʵ
ƻûüشձͻȻӰ˳æЦվɳԺˣ
ձŴ˵ԺˣҼʣµһ㣡
Цû⣬ʱһᣡ
ձҲԷҶƽͿһۣձʱҲɨһֵֹۣģ²ҶƽΪʲô⣬˵껰ֳҶƽû˵ľ˼ǶǸɲһ츶ֽɣǲʣ
Ա⻰ձ̺ǺЦƵϰܲʰûǮͲҪԣ
ձ˵֮ﳤȥˣҶƽվͨΣǮӦ骺ͳ˳ԷҪʵģȻʲôŵĸˣҲĸɲǷǮģû뵽ƾȻͬʡ
ʱ򳣷Ҳ˹֪󣬾Ͷ˵޸ʲôˣֲǮ
̷༥˵ɣ֪˵ѴǷծĶүлкܶҪҪǰȥҪ
㡭Ҫ骾Ա˵СˣղձˣøǣΪʲôǲܼǣ
ۿǵ˼ձվǩȨôܺȣ
̲˵ҶƽǵΣûǩȨ
һ骰ԼҪε˵˳Ҷƽæֹ㣬骣Ǳ˵ˣûǮȽһЩϵǮȷʵˣ
СˣȻǳص
ǳȫ֣ӶͳǮݸҶƽҶƽǮԼǮһ𽻸Ƶ㿴
һǮȻǺܸˣŲʲôϵΣ֪֣ǵΣԺͿ֣ˣҶƽͨĹԱͲȥǻҪ֣ģ
˽ˣҶƽͺͳһ˳ȥ߳¥֮骻Ƿ߷߲ƽ˵ƽϾҪˣղŻôһɫԺдͲҪˣԺ󻹸С˲
Ҳǿȥձǩȴǩǣǹۿ˵ͣԺǵɫ
ƽ㵱ϵԺҪӲһ㣬Ǹ죬Ҳ棬Ȼƺձģǵ£ңҲ˵
˵ĻҶƽҲںǲӲǻûʽΪֽȥǲã˵ͻӰ쵽СҴı֪ġ
㣬骣ǵĻ֪ˣ͵Ϊֹɣ˼ҼȻԸʣҲǿ˼ңֻ˵ǳԷģǮǵǮȹһҾͰǮǣҶƽ˵
ʲô谡˭벻룬˵ҲǮģͷһȥٽһ㻨Ǯ˲ûˣ
Ҷƽȴͬ⣬Ӧ͵ģôôǵǮԱ˾˵ƽǽǼӰԷǮԱģǾͲҪˣȱ˭ľ͸˭˲𣿡
Ҷƽһ˼ȴ˵ǵĿֲͣùͣôܱأ
Ц˵ƽôôԽû˵˽ͣǼ˰࣬Ե㷹ǺⲻӦù𣿡
֮Ҳ˵˵ҲԣƽʽεξͰǮ˰ɣͷҲûǮΪ˹Ǯˣȫģûʲô׵ģ
˵ĻҶƽһʱĬ˵ǶԵģԼ޷ģһ˰࣬ȥԵ㷹ҲǿԵģձʲôҲûڶ¥ԷǹǲŲԵôԺⷽҲ̫ˣ


025 ְ
ǰμӻԱܶ࣬һӵˣڵȴŻĿʼ˾ͺֵؿҶƽȥæµţҪ˵ƽʱʱҶƽûôԾ쿴ӵ֮ûˡ
һЩ˸벻ǣ骺ͳʱʱߵǰ·ʾʲô飬һǸǸеɻ󣬶еѾ֪Ҷƽλε飬дĶĽŲμӹû೤ʱ䰡ΪƼɲˣԺǰ;
ʮӣܴ󸻺Ԫͬлɽһ߽˻ң滹ί֯ºȫˡ
Ҷƽ˽Ȼȫһ˻쵼ϯλϣһٶû֪ɲǴһٶǳĲ򵥣Ϊͷᣬ쵼вɲٵһɲǶź˳ģ˻λãԵ޹쵼ϯϣǸܷ顣
ɻ֮ʣܴ󸻺лɽԪѾϯ̨ϣ˶档ܴί֯Ҳϯ̨Ǽֲϣֻϯ̨ϡ
ʱѻȸܴ˻飬Ƚлɽί֯ĸ£Ȼ˵ί쵼ԲĹǳӣԲ쵼ӽһί֯лɽͬ־ίľ
ܴ󸻵Ļһ˵꣬лɽɤӣóһί֯ļίίоܴͬ־β絳ίǣٵβ糤һְԪͬ־Ϊ糤ѡˣȫͬ־Ϊ絳ίǣٵβ縱糤һְ֣֮˳ͬ־Ϊ絳ίίԱΪ縱糤ѡˣҶƽͬ־Ϊ絳ίίԱΣϡ
лɽͰίľ˳֮󣬻᳡ʱ궯е˶Դ˴εµһ֪е֪һЩҲȫ֪Ծţ˭벻Ҷƽۡ
Ҷƽһӳ˵ίίԱΣ˵ֻǳ˵εĻ˸е̫ϡ棬ΪһְͷҲֻǽ˵ίİӣ㲻쵼Ҷƽ˵ζһ˵ίίԱǽ쵼ӳԱˣǾͷܸ߸ϵ쵼ˣֲ쵼ϯλȥԭԭ
е˶氵Ը̾ţû뵽Ųμӹ°һӾͳΪ쵼ˣԭΪȴ˲˼飡
ΧһƬ̾ҶƽﱣһƽûκεĵɫͻȻ֮쵼һ˷ǳ˿ȥеܽ»ҵķУҪһͨĹԱԴˣܸ߸ϣԼ쵼
ڻҵĺ棬ԪƺձһնѾ֪˽֪ıȽ֮²ŸǵģеκͿգֻðǣһֱɵˣ˲ƣֱǵԼ˼ϾҪˣȴĸƵģȥ˼ңһҲûУڲôˡ
˲̾β£ҶƽĴǮһֱ쵼ˣھȥ˼ұ˼ҿܲһˣתô죬Ҫ˼ԭԼñֵһЩſɣôֵܱһЩ
˲Ƹоһʱûа취̫ˣֱӴҶƽϣһҲֻһЩܾ˵ʱɶҲ˵ˣˣ
ձ֪ԺͷҲתĥأһһģϴ¶ĳҲСϴδºͷƱҶƽˣڶ¥ǸǴ˼ҶƽˣҶƽһӳΪ쵼¿ɺˣԺôȥ˼ң
ͷ͸еȻ˵Ҷƽֻһͨ쵼ܾǵˣͷһ⿪Ļ˳ҶƽϣϾС쵼ǶϲŹϵģδᣬȻǾʱһͻᷢ仯ǿܻܱ
ԱߵĻѧУԺʱȻһߵ۾лɽϺϵıͱúܸӣʵ벻һղμӹõˣȻһӳΪ쵼ѧУҲһɼĸɲѣҪϸƵĸɲǻ֪ʲôʱء
ûˣֻܹϲ˼ңҶƽȥУǮ̬ȴǲô֮ǰ˼ϿΣؼȥǮҪ֪Ҷƽܵ쵼ҲôģûУǮûУǮǲܲ˼ϵģںˣҶƽ϶ӵ£ˡ
ԺڸеܺڣȻѧУ쵼Ȩϲڲ絳ίؽ֣ڲĵϣ黹Ҫ˼ҲģӲ絳ί쵼УпܸɲȥпؽְָҶƽڳ쵼һӰġ
һЩƽʱҶƽ߶ҶƽôĸɲʱҲĳȣпǧ֪Ҷƽн죬ҲԭԴҶƽǶʮֵĹģػôھͿԴùϵˡ
ϵĹϵһάģ˵ʲôҲûˣԭĸĿҶƽѾܹˣôת̬ȣҲֻӦţٰǵԼ׽֮ˣѧ˷ǳҪԶҲûзĻᡣ
ϯ̨ϣлɽίԺֽһЩίµش壬ôҶŽһ£øĹϲί²Ⱥڣкְ𣬴ٽȫľúҵķչ
лɽ껰Ժ󣬲ܴҲ˼䣬ǺӣڳΪһ絳ίˣȻҪ̬ȣӵίľ¾ģһҪȫĹΪίһֵΣҪȫɲҪŽڲ絳ίΧίָʾ񣬰Ѹá
˵⻰ʱ򣬲ܴ󸻻ʱлɽԱߵԪԪһƽܵ糤ȻǺܸˣ糤϶Ȳ絳ίǣܴ󸻹ϵͣԴʱû̫ˣֳȵ̬Ҫġ
Ԫʲô飬ܴ󸻾ĹҪʽˣҪԼʩ죬ȽĸɲҲί֯쵼һٶá


026 ʽְ
ɢ֮лɽڲһٷȻͻسˣͬһԷĶ쵼ĸɲҶƽȥˣһҶƽŵķ֣ΪǵΣⷽ鵱Ȼš
ԷĵصǶڶ¥ǲܴ󸻵˼Ϊ¥ķϵһЩȻҶƽȥ¥Ӳܴ󸻵ġ
ͳһȥ¥ŵķˣڰ칫һ飬ûȥⷽҪһЩԾһȥ¥ź÷֣ź֪ܴ֮ͨ󸻴ǰȥ
һ˴ǰ̨£ʱûеϷʳʱ򣬿˲ࡣҲеģһЩ߰飬ԴǴ֣һ֣֮ȻЩĬζҲǺܸߴͣԼɷǿˣ˼һ쵼ҸɲֲĴ帾ܱġ
Ҫ֣ϵֺĿûоܹģȻ˿ǳķɧǲǷ곡Ϸ˶죬һҪ¥⣬һЩɧһЩ϶ǲеģԾñ˸оܷɧܷ϶ͺܶ˯ʵⶼԣĻô˵óѣ
ձǸɫͶֶŵģûһձǸӻɷԼôۣܿ
ţо¶һԹı飬ƶ˵ʲôҲ޸Ǹɷ򣬰˵ʲôˣһεĻò϶ҹһɷ˧ĶˣʹһҲԸ⡣
뵽˿ԼļȻûöٻױƷƤޱȵİף֣һʱͿƤףһڰٳ󣬵ƾһͻúܶԡ֣һ׶ˣǰʱȻô˵Ƕʵע⵽ˣֻⲻȥѣҵʱ֣ʲôҲǣȻҲϣȨֶ˼ȻȻؾߵһˣƲṩһѡ
ţҶƽͳ˴˽һˣƵϾһüͷôԷûǮʲô꣬˵ʱҪǮǶھȻˣ˵ˣûǮŲʡ
Ҷƽ߹ſ˵СҶҪԷ
Ҷƽ˿˵ҪԷøú׼һ¡
ҶƽҪú׼һ£ƲЦСҶҿҪȸ˵ˣûǮһǲͬʣ
ҶƽЦЦѵûǮͲԳԷˣ¥ͷİɣûд¥ܳŶãҵԲޣ㲻᲻ްɣ
ƲƲ첻мصСҶܴ
ҶƽǺһЦҲܴ糤ɲԴҷ֮߰ŷʳӴӴɲʣ
һҶƽ˵⻰һӷˣееͿ糤ô£쵼ˣ
վԱߣҶƽ˵еҶƽӲˣûдƽ棬ڿ񣬱ǰ˵ϰҸ㣬㲻ҪСˣСҶĵΣ糤Ҳ˲ǣڳ糤쵼磬һҪԷ˹ţﻹϹĥʲôľ¥ǲǲ뿪ˣ
һȣƸ׾ˣ﷢仯ˣ¥ϰﻹ֪ʮ־ȵǣǰλһֱûƵĸɲȻ˵ΣԺдʲôĶҪˣ֣ˣϺ͸ղŵ̬һˣôզŪ
ȥţƼæӦ϶ЦݣұЦҶƽȥһۣϣܻҶƽ֮ᡣ
ӣҶƽҡҡͷַŮˣΪĸɲûƽ̫飬ͻԼݸˣȻϲӣֻҪڰѷʳźãܽ˲ҲȥƽЩˡ
˵껰֮ȥŷ䣬ȥ˵ŮøһѵУƽԺдͲҪˣ
Ҷƽһü˵˵ɣͷ¥ϵ㵵⣬Ҳûʲôõľ¥쵼ҪҲûа취
Ҷƽ˵Ҳʵ˿Ҳûٶ˵ʲôղſҶƽ۵е
лɽڶ¥극ƣȻָܴŪĴףӵˮϼճƨˡ
лɽ֮󣬵ڶһϰܴ࣬󸻱ټίԱٿ飬ίԱҪǵίװӵĳԱҲǵίίԱ͸糤ÿοʱ˴κЭζҪμӣİѾ룬Ҫٿһλ飬ͳһһ´ҵ˼룬ΪһĹû
ܴ󸻵ȻʾһίǵȨһʾȨķʽҶƽ֪ͨȫίԱ׼ʱСҿᡣ
ڵĵ칫棬֣Ѿˣᵽĳ糤İ칫ˣҲˣҶƽ֮Ҳ˵Ŀǰ£޷ʹöˣڻʣĸˡ
Ҧΰ̸ԸҶƽ쵼صúùҲЩˣҶƽŵõ˹ȻĹæ
ȻҪˣȻҪϤǿһֱҪãˮվҲίͽɣԼæµܴ󸻻㱨ܴͬУҲǵġ
ܴ֪ͨίԱᣬ˲ܴ󸻵ĻԺȥ򼸸֪ͨ糤һĵίίԱó֪ͨˣǵβ¶ԼȥʱŵԱͿˡ
ͷ֮⣬֯ίԱپͼ䲿лǿίԱ߿˵һ㣬߿سسǧרŰƽġ絳ίһߵˣǱߣԪ֣ڵίίԱĸ糤⣬ڵίίԱĸ糤⻹Ƽ糤Ƽ糤ʵϲĸ糤ΪǲϹʽɲĹ涨ǳһĵλΪ˽ǵְŵְ񣬵ԽˣӰȴԽΪʱ䳤ڵطʵɣձǶҪһء
Щ˶Ҫμί飬˴ЭҲҪμӣϴƽʱҲʲô£ǲμӻһϵĴʵûʲôֹܵĹ˴ЭûʲôȻż𣬵ǳκ;ô⣬ͨĸɲһûʲôְȨ


027 쵼ķֹ
ףش֣
ܴٿίԱ飬ԱȫμӣҶƽΪίίԱεȻҪϯҵλļ¼ǰţίҦΰģΪʱį̈ϣȻҪҦΰţű˲Ը¼Ҧΰϯ¼ˣ൱ڵί飬ïһ̨ܴ󸻾Ͳ¼ֹǶʱ䶼֣¼ġ
ǲܴʽίǵĵһίԱ飬һǹķֹµԱֵˣȻҪһֹøչһоһµǰĹȻ¹ѾˣҪһ㶯ɣ
ίǺ糤Ĺзֹģһ絳ίȫ湤һȫ湤һˣһǮͨҲе涼һץΪֻҪסˣǮӾܹסܲסˣǮҲܲסͿһǿƲǿƣԸԸȨˡ
ܴڵ糤ʱȻǮǲ˲ïˣȻҲǿƣȴܲס˲ƣҲǹܲסǮŪΪ糤ǩֵȨˣǩָãﱨʣҲǵҶƽ򴲵Ǯٳٱԭ֮һ˲Ƹǩֵ¡
ίǣȻֻڹˣҲŹǮûô࣬⵳ίĹֵܷô壬ҪίǺسȨǷֵúģΪǵ࣬壬ûչˣ﷭ȥЩȫһͳҲܹܵùίҪץȨܰһ鶼ץԼ
ܴҪץǮϰ˲˲ԪϵԪ糤˲ָãôǮпȫȥˣҪǮҲץý˲ƻɣոΣ̶ˣȴһʱ䣬ʱ˵
ȫڳ˵ίǣҪ˵ӦΰͶ֮󣬵ίȷǣôĵλΰͶ֮ǰΪݹǴڵֵλá
Ϊ˹᳹ίͼͬʱҲΪܴ󸻱㰲ҶƽȫƺߵλãұԪ߾ȫǾʾֵλˡ
Ҵҵʱ򶼰ʾƺȥΰһȥ֮󣬾ȥԼƺţһȫܴߵǸλˣ֪ȫԽǳΪˣȻ治ˣҲ޿κΣ˵⸱ҲûʲôС֣֮ǸǣҲûа취ⶼİţֻܷˡ
ԪȫǰһԼλƱ˹ȥίԱҲݣȺſᡣ
ȴҶȥ֮󣬲ܴ󸻱Ӵ˽Ҫһֵĸо˲䵽Ź
Ȳܴ󸻽֮ҶƽҲҴææܽǵΣææģǳ
ҶƽܵһλܴҲˣеˮȥ֮󣬾ɨ˻᳡һ˵ίǵ쵼ӽ˵ҺԪ糤ְλ˱仯ί繤ӺͿ϶ûֿ϶βһĸˣڳԪ糤֣Ҫһ֮⣬˶Ǹ͸λȫ濪չˡǴĸѹãǼȶԲίǵΣҲԲһգҪоһ¹ֹ⣬ҺԪ糤ķֹͲҪ˵ˣ絳ίȫ湤Ԫ糤ȫ湤Ҫоȫ֣ԼƽĹֹ⣬ҵĽȫֹֹܵ졢֯ΰǺͽǻǷֹ͹ҵҲίҪ֣ǳ糤˼ֹũҵ֮⣬Ҫһֹץò˰ĲʮѣԪ糤Ҫץһץ֣ҲҪȥץͬץáƽǵΣҪõĹʲôʱԵĹپ尲ţֹʲô
ܴ󸻸۵Ļᣬһְˣ˾Ͳ˼ٲӣ˵ͬ⣬һԪܽܵ⣬Ǿ֣Ҳֹܲ˰Ҫ֪˰һֱ糤ץǲȾָģҪ糤ץҲ糤ȨίԱȷ˭ץ⣬һӾͿԿǲܴ֣ԪȨΪһ˲ƴ·ʡ
ܴ˵֮ؿ˿᳡ˣҶͷһڶûйϵòҪ͡
ͰԪƵǽǣҪ˵ԭҲѣïʱǲܴ󸻵£˭Լ棬ԸΪͷգ
ۿŲܴ󸻵ĻҪһԪһҲûпܴ󸻣ֱ˵ҷһһͬǵķֹȫȷǣȻҪֹԭǱϵĺܺãڷֹ϶øã֣ԭڵ칤ڵγ糤ȻĹ̫ϤֻҪ໥ϣûʲô˷˵ѣũҵǳҪũҵ磬ҵũҵǹе֮أôصĹ֮£ҵûоץ˰ĹǸղŴҲ˵ˣ˰˵ǳҪֻһץ϶ץõģԻҪ˵ЭҺ֣ڵˣҽõίڵͬ־һЭͬץɣץҵĸǣĹҵҲ࣬ʱ侫ץò˰ϵĹ뽨齨һץò˰ҲҪʲôǣ޷Ƕһ㹤ͬѹöѣҿô
Ԫһòܴû뵽ֵ֣˰ϵĹƺԪԪȴ˳Ļ˵֣ЭץУҪץһõøΪĹϵȽУҲ뵽ˣô֣ҪվˣĿľʹﲻˡ
һܴ󸻾Եؿ򶡽ǣʲô
Ҳû뵽ԪͻȻȥЭץʲô˰ĹԪһʱӦרҪƴǣ⵹ΪˣӦԪҪǾܴΪУƽʱȽ񵭣ֻȥץùҵϵ飬һ֮ĶȤȻԪϵȽϺãһǣ飬Щ񣬲
ӦԪҪ󣬾ܾԪ룬ºûԪˣȻܴ󸻣һҲܲ˵ġ
ܴ󸻿һʱ֧֧Ҳ˵ͬ⣬Ҳ˵ͬ⣬ôһ䣺λ쵼İţ


028 㱨
һش𣬲ܴ󸻲һۣԪҲüؼʱһôһ㵣ûУ
Ԫ糤ҿЩΪѣǾ˰ɣ֣һЭֹܾͿˣ֣˶ǵίίԱҲǵίеˣʲôҪίڵ˷ֹܵ飬ҿ˰ɣܴ󸻵˶һۺ󣬱ץסʱϣԶΪΪɣԪ顣
ԪΪ˻ôĹҲûвܴôİԶµı̬ûץסʱ涡뷨¸òܴ󸻿ԥֱ֮˾ϣܴ󸻶ڴ¡
ܴ󸻵Ļ֮ûԪʱʾԸЭֹܣĬʵͷǲԸֹܵģ£뵽һ֮ȥԭܴ󸻺ïʱҲǳ̬ȣֻΪԪϵȽϺãŰ뵽ïһȥ
һʲôҲ˵ԪҲûٷܴ󸻵Ļöƺ֣Ŀûдﵽ
ֹоˣǲܴһ˵㣬ӱϽܴ˱ȽϰԵïڵʱоʹһڵһ֣κսȨ
ίԱ˴Э޷ɽۻ˭Ը⹫ܴ󸻹ȥï취Ūˣ˵ЩһίԱˣ˽֧ԪһЩϻʵһЩΪá
Ӫһ浹ܴҲû뵽ΪΰǰԪõίԱӣʵʲôҲû˵Ԫӣܰûµ飬еǸˣԭΪյίǣίЩѣڿûôѣ仯仯ģҶ̬ܺûԸһֱԣһ֮еơ
о⣬ܴ󸻾ͺɵ̸һĹ⣬ڶ쵽ʮ·ˣһĹ˴룬ĸȫ˵Ƚڱֱ׷ȡȡһõĳɼֹܵͬ־ҪһµǰĹһЩ⣬ȽЩ࣬оһĹиֹܵͬ־Ҫ㱨һ¸˵ǰĹһĴ㡣
ֱоˣǺ糤ǲû㱨ģǸȫ湤ģֻܽᣬĹɷֹܵͬ־㱨
մȫȽйϵĻ㱨յǣҲҪ㱨дڵ⣬Ҫ㱨ĴӴڧӲŽᣬϰǸ״һҪùصĵȷĹܹƽȿչû塣
Ҫ֯ϵ飬ֹܵķΧҷǳҪ˵˵μǿعǰڵĸɲɢһЩͽ顣
ȫ֮󣬾ΰǹͼƻĸǣͲҪ˵ˣɳǶ£˵ǷֹܣҲϵѣҪ㱨˵ǰļƻƻһƱе֮أȻҪص㱨ϰļƻЩ°Ҫǿпܽ뵹Ϊصȫ깤ˡ
ΰ֮󣬾ǶǹҵǣҲûʲôҵҲԺһСƳЧҲôͷһЩ˽˵СӹģҲȥܣҵʵ൱ھƳĳ
ΪղŵŪûʲôԽӾͲˣžͼҪŷ÷£ǷֹܼͼŷõģеĴȺǷӳɲ̰۸⣬ڼͼίڵ飬һ׼ȥ˲Ⱥڷӳ⣬ִɲ̰۸⣬鴦絳ί㱨
꣬֯ίԱپͻ㱨˴弶֯¸뵳⣬弶ĵ֯ڳϻ󣬺ܶũ벻ϵҪڸĵ֧ǲԸ־֣ѹũ뵳Դ弶ĵ֯ǳҪ絳ί¾Ťתһ棬ũᵳԱɲ֤ũ嵳֯Ͻ档
һ̸⣬پȻˣҲһʱܽ⣬뽫ⷽ쵼ע⡣
پһ꣬ίԱ߿ͽҶƽص㿴Ÿ߿߿ǳسǧ󣬻ûн飬ϰʱ򣬸߿յ絳ίίԱ÷ǳƯҺʣӵ˵볣骵Ưһϣ˼Ư֮͸һָ߹󣬳Ҫ˵Сұ˼Ҹ߿Ǵҹ㣬ܱġ
߿ʮöͼҪؽֹĽĹĽ⼸ĹȲʲôɫҲʲôյĻԼҵҪúãǮûǮûᵽǮ飬һǮܴ󸻵ϾͲˣҶҪѣɮ٣ʹǸŮҲרŴίԱӵ˭Ŭȥɹ
һ£ҪҪһ£Ȼ֪Ǯ쵼ˣǸ߿Ҫᣬ֮˵ˡ
ѻ꣬ϴҶƽԣţͷЩ룬ǰһϣô˼ҿ쵼ǧ𣬳ͨİղͬСûܹʲô࣬ǳôۣǰװ׵Ƥ˿˾ͻȻĶ˵ˡ
ʱ߿һƲ׺һɫţп㣬˿ʵĳڣԵԸ޳ͷԺһŷ٣һβʱмϸϸķ˿װƯԲĶ˿ʮֵ
ҶƽһʱЩֱܴ֣żæ׼õĲҪ㱨˵칤ǰĹǱ˸ɵģֻܽܽᣬһҲᳵ·дϵˣ
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һҶƽ˵ܴ󸻾Ǹе棬Ҷƽյϵι˼·ҪȽϸߣһֶĿһµĸоǿĿ͸һ͵ζ


029 
һʱԳñ˿Һýòø߿תͷһ˵ףҶƽ̰ڳһΣӣҿ
Ҷƽ㱨һˣ㱨Ժ󣬲ܴ󸻾˵ܽôҰҪȥԺԪֲ˼䣬㿪ꡣ
СʱƨɶЩۣ⵱ϹԺȵ򿪻ᶼסǾû쵼ˡ
ɢԺ󣬴½߳ңҶƽߣѻʰһ²뿪ң߿ߵҲ죬ȵʰԺ󣬱ͷ΢ЦſҶΣ콲ò
Ҷƽһȣæ˵ίԱ̫ˣԺָ̣
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߿˵ûúòãͿܼܲʱĳɼȥҪ뼰ʱ֪Ĺɼͱ뵳촦ùϵΪ֪Ϣ磬ڵ֪ϢԺ죬ôɼܼʱȥˡ
Ҷƽһ˵̸֧ϣǵһùϵϣίԱģ
Ҷƽһӣ߿ЦллҶΣлרԷ
ҶƽǺЦԷʲôԸһͿԣǧҪ̫ǶΪ˹
еҶƽΪ˷ǳĳȴҲ˼·ø߿ҶƽĻ΢ЦԵʮֵˡ
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Ҷƽûȥ飬ǲĵΣǲܴһ˵İ칫ΣȻǲܴƼĲǲǲܴ󸻵ˣֻҪԼĹͿˣ飬ڲܡ
ص칫ңǼ棬֮󣬾վ߹鿪ô
Ҷƽ룬ͰټǿһСᣬһֵĻ飬ϻЩţ飬ͿʼҽίҪ
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֣Цһ͹Ǹȳš
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˾ıߺȣ͵ûţõһҶƽ֪֣ĺ«װʲôҩֻ²š
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ҶƽĪ˾ƣȻҪľƣֻվϰæģǻпûòϵһЩ
֣ԱЦƽҾ͸ɣҪȵĿѾˣ
˵һЦҶƽһˣԭٷģֲòԭ֣İţˣ֣ô飬Է
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֮ҪԷ϶ΪǰԷ飬ڿԼ˵ΣרһĻԺľ¥϶ҪܵӰˣֱֲԷĻ϶ҲԱ֣æ֣ȴǺϸĵظæԼˣ֣ʼմֱ࣬ƹ˵һСϲ


030 Ҫȥ
ȻĿͣƣһ֣ӣҶƽȻһ¥ϰһʶ˾֮󣬾ͱʾҪ⣬֣糤ڣһж˵
ƾ͸ˣҲڳ֮󣬰ǰһУȻֵһ󱭾ƣҪپҶƽһ
ַɧӣҶƽֻֻٵһ֮ɫͱ糺죬־¥ϰĵľˡ
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һ֮˲ƾ¶ЦҶƽıҲ˼ãҶƽֻ΢Цû̫˵ıʾ
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˵£ܴ󸻾Ц˵СҶǵİӵˣȥͺϵһ£һȥһˣרллǣ
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Ҷƽôһ˵ܴ󸻲İŸԶ绰Ҷƽǰ³ʲôÿ˵⻰ЦЦСʵСҶҪ뺫ԷǸףεʱȥȥ
ӣҶƽ֪ʲôˣ˵Һͨ绰ʱĻȡҲȥ
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˲ܴ󸻵ķԸҶƽ¥ŸθǸ˴绰ǰ绰飬ȴԷȻ˵ʾлΪٳˣһ۾ͿԿĿģ˼ҲԸ⣬Ҳûа취˵˼Ҿʲôֶ֪ʲôְҲ֪¶֮˼ҰԼ˼ұʾлӦõģǲӦַʽԾǲܴҪύ˼ң˶ѡ
˰죬ҶƽߺԥΪѣûĺƤԲһеȥоǸҲˣ֮ĽûʲôԵĿģͻȻҪŹԵĿĴ绰˼ңͷһֿ˷ϰ
ڰ칫˰죬ҶƽٳûøθǸ˴绰˵ԼҪл˵ͷл˵ǽȺл
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ȥ˺ҶƽҧҧȥˣֱӴɣô룬ֻҪ˼ͿˣͬǾˣ˼ң˼Ҳȥǿ˼
һ¾ģҶƽ绰Ͳ˲˳ȥ


031 ϵ
ȥǸ˴绰֮ͨ绰ͷԵúӣԷٳû˵еǲ󷽱ӵ绰ҶƽŹµ绰Ȼٴ򣬵ͷȴͻȻһλ
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һҶƽ֣ͷ̴ЦԭСҶǴûУ
Ҷƽ˵صˣǴȺڷǳмȥ
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С̳һȥ˵棬Ҹͨһ
˵꣬Ѹٵ˹ȥﶢŵԿ˲ƺҶ㡣
˲һûзӦͷҶΣҪһʣҶƽ߹ˣһҶƽˣоֻͷҶƽϵε²ˣԺҲҪʲôˡ
ѽҶΣôûȴ绰˲ƻæվҶƽСҲæҶƽһӣȻЦЦ˳ȥ
˲Ƶռһݣ治еԻеӣдϢĵطһ˴ǳȲܴ󸻻ܡ
ҶƽһˣԲİҲûʲô˵ģֱӰ˵֧һЩǮãûУ
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ĳһʮŮͬ־֮˲ƾʵﻹжֽ𣿡
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032 ȥ
дһŽһǮҶƽЩ̾С˵ʵڵĴûһùôǮڵĹʲżٿǮĸڼֵظûжǮƽʱͷҲʮʮǮһôǮĸŪˡ
ǹҵǮŪˣǿҪ⳥ģһĹʶͷȻ˵ҲûǮ⻨Ǯȴˮ֪ȥһ˵ûǮ˵ǴطķһǻǮģûгԹķ
׼Ǯ嵽Ҳˣ֮ڵţܴ󸻸û֪ͨԪҲҶƽҪ߱ˣŷĹϵԪеõô
Լӣܴ󸻾׼ųӲƵнӽٻ·ǰһᣬȻ֮Ҫˡ
ҶƽصĶ׼ãȻԸڼֵð࣬ææȥҪŲܴ󸻳ȥ֪һҪʲôˣоҶƽյϵξͽ˽ɫίֵð࣬Ҳ˵һΣеҲܸˡ
˾ѳãʲôĶ˺䣬һ׼֮Ҷƽ¥Ѳܴ󸻺Ȼһ˳˸ʻλӣܴ󸻺˺λ
Լ˴ܵȥμ룬ҲʮֵĸˣΪ֧ǹؼҪõίǵΣܺͲܴһȥ໥ģǼ˫һᡣ
⻹ǴҪģؼ뿴һҶƽڵʲôĹϵ˳䲻أͻȻ˵ΣеԾϴǸҲûж뷨֪ҶƽôϵϵģȻǳмҶƽǸ׵ĺû뵽֮Ҷƽһӷˣ쵼
´ͷ˻֪ʱμӻ飬֪ԺǱǷǳ𾪣ɢԺ󣬾ܵҶƽЦ˵˼仰ҶƽҲ֪⣬ڴͷĸɲϵУΪ׵ʲô
һڴͷǳĴ󣬲ȻҲ֧ǣʹҲȣڴͷССүүһţ±˼Ҷп۸Ǽҡ
ƽʱǼǸǴ־ˮˮӣʹͷ˸ɲǸҲ̫ûְûȨĸɲ㲻ʲôɲ
ҶƽһӳΪ쵼һ޴ת䣬صһֱûкͱ˵£֪Ժ󣬾ŰҶƽ磬ȻҶƽһЩ飬ҡĵλһҲҽãڵĵλ
룬ؼҵĵڶ죬һϾƣһ̴żͷ⣬ҶƽүүҡҪ˵ǰҶƽүүѧ䣬˺˴ﵱ˸ɲȻһһϴǣͼûҶйˡ
ڣҶƽϵΣϹϵϣҶǴ¸صˣ֮ĹϵһҽǺа飬ȵ˷ҶƽѾϵΣŴиµʱѾˣҵĹϵȹˣҶƽȻȥԼ£һ⡣
չķǳ˳ϾҶһʮˣƽʱһڼңû˺죬ҲûȾƳ̣֧ܹҲй⣬ͬʱܽƣһĴ񣬲ʲôĿģһĵͦõġ
ôһڸŲܴ󸻺ҶƽһȻҶƽҲܽһϵ˵ʵڵģҶƽʵҲҪ֧֣Ϊɲûбظɲ֧֣ΪȻֻǽһ֧ǣǲפش֧ǣֻҪ֧Ҷƽ۸Ҷƽ˾ͻܴŴҶƽƣ˲С
һ·ϣһһܴ˵ŻҶƽǰ沢ûжǲܴЦź˵˼ЦȻףӴϵ˵֮ϵ
ȥƵ·Ǻܺã·խ͹ƽճĺܣ·ԶǴƬũð̵ǳá
ƵǳĴ󣬷չǷǳ󣬲˵ƵϾҪؽˣԭؼбɵؼУɼһشıԺ󣬾ȨͶһЩչܿһЩˣΪȫʡ˵Ƶǽеûгؽеĵ֮һˡ
ҶƽֻϴѧʱУǴתٵʡѧԶ·ôϤѲ˾죬ƽʱܴ󸻻ʱʱһУǿųﵹǺϤ
еؽ·ͱúȻ·ǺܿǿȥҲǺܺõӣ·Ҳûжٸ¥˺ܶ࣬Եúܷسǿˡ
󣬲ܴ󸻲ûҶƽȥ𣬶Ǵȥһ̵꣬һЩþƺͺ̣˵дãһӾͻ˽ӽǧǮҶƽֱе̵ֲۣܵԣһӾͻôּ࣬һˡ
֮̾󣬲ܴ󸻲źҶƽһ𣬵ĴԺϿȥԵ÷ǳͨ;ףҲûʲô¥ľܶ࣬һƬſһңվڵ侯
Ҷƽ˳Ժ󣬾򴫴ȥҵͷ˼ۣ˭˵ףΣͷĸףΣԺиŵˣףĲ࣬Ҳмܸиְɣ
⵹ҶƽΪˣ˰֪ףνʲôأͰѵ绰˵˳Ȼ˵ǵģһ˵ͷ̬ȺһЩͨѶȥףӴ֣ҶƽԴ˲֪ףԭףӴ
ҵͷ͸ףӴ绰绰֮ͨͷĺܣʶףӴͰҶƽ˵һ飬ףӴҶƽˣ̸ͷҶƽȥ
һףӴҶƽӣͷٿҶƽ΢ЦҶƽָָ·ҶƽȥףӴ
Ҷƽ룬ȥѲܴ󸻸йҪһȥܴ󸻵ȻҲҶƽһȥǵſ֮ͷȴְסˣҶƽףӴֻȥûиҲȥûһȥ򻹵ٺףӴϵһ¡
һô鷳Ҷƽ˿ܴ󸻣ܴ˵СҶȥɣߵ㣬ף°֮ͿˣǱ߻Ҫϵһ¡
˲ܴ󸻵ĻҶƽҲǣҵ˵˵ʱ䲻ܳʵǽҪǸлĺ
ܴЦһ£˵һҪףһ˲ףʹԸȥԷҲǺõģ˼һҪﵽ
ܴ󸻻ӵףΣҶƽһ룬ӦһԺȥˡ


033 Ů
߽ĴԺҶƽܴ̽˼ۣ͸ݴͷָʾһС¥ȥ
С¥ͣżոµĽγߵǰҶƽ˿ɨ˼ۣĽһᣬתС¥ȥ
ʾһ֤ս¥סʾ֤
Ҷƽ͸ףӴףӴ˸绰ȥ¥ݣȻһ䡣
ţű򿪣һŵľףӴҶƽ̺һףΣˡ
һףӴҶƽһ߽ȥͿڻˣһһŮеĶʮ꣬ŮĴҪСһЩ˵ĴŶʱ֣һͲũ˴磬ƽʱĳ˴ûҪһЩ
ףӴҲһ㲼ʵĳҶƽȻ˵֣֪·ĲĿ϶һεģڲͬ
һ߽ȥЦؿƯŮһ˫ɰĴ۾ˮ϶ЩȣûмƯŮӣûбŮעӹ֪ΪʲôףӴķȻ칫пˣӦһǡ
֪ôףӴ˵⣬ҶƽȥͲ֪˵ʲôʲôˣŲ֮ʱףӴЦŶ˵СҶλүүѣ͵үүȥһˣһүүûʲôɣ
һǾҪүүˣҶƽʶǸеӦڵ绰˵İˣֻԼûмǣΪʲôҪԼүү
ףΣүүΪʲôҪүүҶƽСĵһ䣬ס
һ˵ǸӾЦ˹˵СҶͬ־ҸԭǴӣүүίҹүүһ£үүһЩҲˣȼˣʡǲٵ£
ЦŵӣҶƽ벻ӣ仹С֪⵵£үүҲû˵ǼȻڴӣΪʲôҪүүѵүүŲСĽ飿
ǡǴģҶƽŵһ䣬˽һǵݡ
һڣԱߵŮӱݸһЦǴӾר̹ģүүôûҪ飬ǿүүҰְ֣Ұְַǳм
ԭӣҶƽһԭԾǣֲôɢʾڲͬ
Ҷƽһ벻үү껹ǵĸףԭݽ飬ǵŮүүˣүү֪£ͷҲһܸˡ
뵽ҶƽЦ˵үүͦõģƽʱڴͷϲˣ֪һܸˣ
ŮЦ绨ӵ磬ְˣڿðְһԸˣ
ЦЦְЩһֱ߶£ٳûܻ˵ЩҲ̫˼һڣ
˵ЦţףӴЦҶƽҲܸˣүүԾǵѣڻΪӣҲеܹ١
ףӴЦºˣҵ˼ҵӣ͵ҵҪҵ˼ˣϢһϣһȥ
ӵףΣллˣĹæҿλСҶͬ־ȥͿˣԭҲ·򵼣ʲôҲˣ
ףӴЦҲˣˣҪǲȥƽרԱҵģǾͲҪˣ
ǺǣǾ鷳ףΣˣҺϪȥƽǱ߿һллˣЦһ£ȥףӴ֡
ףӴ֣ͳţףӴ֣ЦſҶƽСҶһȥүүһԷɣ
һ˵Ҷƽ뵽ܴ󸻻飬˵ϻ顭
شףӴ˵СҶȥһԷһѵõĻᣬôܲȥأ
ЦЦСҶ飬һҲУ
شҶƽϾЩԷԾǵѣȴǵܴ󸻵ûһڴӦ˼ңǲ̫˼ˣӦһԷܴǱô죿
ŮվԱ߾ЦʵҶҶͬ־ʲô鰡
Ůʸ˵ģҶƽ͵˵ңң滹ڵң
ףӴʵ˭ڵ㣿
ҶƽǣǴĴ֧飬רŸлģף㣡
һ飬ףӴЦԭǣð죬ҲӦˣһҸǰһƵ꣬ȥţٰϵԶ죬ʱһԶٷϤһ£ȥүүô죬㿴вУ
ҶƽףΣͺģôžƵ꣡
ףӴǺһЦȴװСҶôô񰡣һҵİţʲôͰﲻԣǮϰհʵ²£
һףӴô˵ҶƽɶҲ˵ˣҲô죬һӻôǮȫڳԺˣڰϰհʵϣǸٵʵºͺ£
ףӴôһţôˣӺŮӾ߳˷䣬ףӴֶ˵СҶȥƵ꣬ƵڸֽȻƵ꣬ҵһǴ绰ȥ֮˵ŵķ䣬ǽȥҾͿˣһҾ͹ȥ
ףӴôһţĻҶƽͷףӴȥˡ
¥㣬Ҷƽ飬߳Ժ˼ճܴ󸻱㼱æʵСҶףô˵
ҶƽףȥȻƵ֪꣬Ĳ
ȻƵꣿܴһ£ͻȻһθί쵼Ƶ꣬Ƶı׼ǳߣװ޷ǳݻӦõľƵˣҪȥһٵûǮ
СҶףǵͳԷϴ˶Ǯܴһ¼æʵ
ҶƽæҾʹǧǮղŻǧˣڻǧղףε˼ͣŵ˼
ͣôףţϴǮܴûҶƽģתͷ˿ʵ
˵Ͼװһ飬ûǮ
쵼ϲϲ̫Ǯһ˵ʱ˵쵼ǮͷҲûǮɲѪ
ܴһԼϣ˼ٿǮоЩǮǲ˾ҲûǮżˣɸô죿


034 Ƶ
ܴżûдǮʱʹҶƽӲ֧˶Ǯ˵֧ǧҲе๻ˣû뵽ףӴȴȥȻƵͣķ˷ǳĹʣµǮܲ
ܴżģҶƽ˵ǣҲҪ͵¸˵ˣȥȻƵţһֱӸƵ˵ǵŵģľͲùˣһҪ͵ˣ˵粻ԣȻǾͲõǮ˰ɣһŲ𣿡
Ҷƽ˵ܴ̾Ŀ͵ģȴǱǵĿˣ˵Ҫȥô˵أǲǰһ𣿡
ܴ󸻵ĿҪύףӴͺԶˣȻͲУǾߵˣ𲻵ӦеЧû뵽мᷢ£ףӴֱӰ¸ˡ
ʵе֣һССίǣףӴΪֱӰŷд
ܴһ룬оܣԭ϶Ҷƽϣ벻ףӴҶƽĹϵôȻףӴĿͣˡ
ҶƽĿֶһ⣬ܴûа취ȰףӴ˼ȥɣǮܹǾŸֻõһˡ
֮󣬴ҾȻƵ꣬һǰҶƽͿ̻Ի͵ģķûȣſڶӭС㣬öǺˮģǸƺÿˡ
ûľƵ꣬ҶƽԵúСģܴ󸻵һΣͦظǰţҲͷһΣͣضЩӭС㿴ȻҲСˣĻͦġ
߽Ƶ֮Ҷƽͼæǰͷǰ̨ĵطŴʮʱʮľƵŮ˵ףǹԷ
˵Ҷƽ֪˵ˣͿŮŮ΢Ц紺صףΰŵİɣң
ܴһǹңͷһ¸ˣͨķ˵õǮܹҪҳԷǮҲǲİϴκί쵼ԷҲֻǵһķԵģǹרдϼ쵼õġ
һҡڵĲܴ󸻴ʱҲظŮ¥Ȼңȥ֮ŮϢ
˵֮Ů÷Աǵ˲ˮȻ˳ȥŮһߣתתȻ̾ǣֱǹһٷûǮ
ܴҲ￴˿ϵıҲͬѽ˴԰˰˵ҲǵһңǴǮǲ͵ˣ
Ҷƽ۲Χû˵ʲôȻǵһ˾ûмʶ˵ֻ￴ȻҪȥܴ󸻵ˮһԱȴϹȥˣڨڨվ
һСʱԶͻȻһҶƽЦСҶôطԷķ˿Ǻù󰡣
Ҷƽ֣æ˵ףΰҪģǵһ
ԶЦףҲǵģʡǮ͹˾ƽʱҲǺٵһûǮ
Զһ˵ܴ󸻸еԼֱðæ߹뺫Զк߹Զ쵭һ£Բܴ󸻵ӡһֱãͣʵ̫˷ˣһС磬ʲôôף
Ȼ룬϶ֳܱϵһЦܴ󸻴кˣȻ߹ȥ
ҶƽͲܴ˼æ߹ȥȻͰѽùܴ󸻽ӹЦŶ˵ô
죬ԶƣǿЦһµǸЩӸﰡ׵ҲӦģôһ㣬Ҷе˼ˣ
ܴæЦǽȺڵһƬ⣬Ǿ͸͵ǹ˾ɣ
Զ첢Ҫʲô죬˵ˣֱӽҰɣûȥˣ
һԶֱӰѽ£ܴ󸻷ǳˣˣֻҪԶܽ£˵ǵﵽˣԺл򽻵ϵܽ
ȰѽһߣԶתҶƽףûУףô˵ģҶƽͰѲ˵ˣףӴ绰ʱҲû̫˵ֻԷ˵ǲȺҪлһԶٷ
ʱͻһСôôıͣףӴģûüʣףӴͰѵ绰ˡ
ֹаСʱףӴҲͻȻǰףӴˣԶӭӣЦݡ
ףӴЦֵϺǾõˣ
ԶЦҲǸ˵ŻղŻ˵ǵطҲ̫Ǹ˰ɣ
ףӴһǺһЦû˵ʲôžȥͲܴˣܴ󸻵һμףӴһףӴ黹е㼤˫˹ףӴ֡
֣ףӴЦʵǲͬ͵ģסǵʢ飬ǹˣұֵģǿô¸˵ʲôҲͣǽǼһ棬ʲôлĻͲҪ˵ˣЩӦģ¶ҪлǲЩҲ̫ӹˣҺͺ˶˼ͬ־ףֻҪ湤ʲôҪǰģǻᾡȥ
ףӴܴ󸻱һЩ⣬òܴ󸻲ܰÿǮˣȴò˵ףΣлǣǵģ룬ǵûˡ
ǾͲҪ˵ˣˣǴҶ°ɣһһ£ܶˣкǰɣСҶȻҳȥһ£ףӴûòܴٶ˵кŴ£Ȼÿʼϯ
һ˼ҵ쵼˵¾ܴ󸻲ɵؾ͸е˼ҺܴһأʲôҲö˵ˡԶףӴĻ߹ĵһ£ףӴҪˣһţԭԶ쿴ףӴҪŷ֣ףӴţףӴѾźãˡ
ȻԶͲض˵ʲôȻҾܴΪܼףӴͺԶ˷ǳĸˣóղĺþƣȲȻ͸ǣһƵԱŵϵľƣһӲˣһϣò֡
ףӴͺԶҲ̣˰ҲòˣףӴͺԶ˵ȾƲ֮󣬾ͶӾܴ󸻣ܴæ˵ңҪվȴ΢ЦȺΪˡ
쵼Ǻһƽ׽ˣܴҲֻһʲôҲ˵ˣһᣬףӴվϺǣҳȥе£


035 һԷ
ףӴʮӣҪȥԶҲ֪Ҫʲôôᵱ˵£еֵףӴΪʲôҶƽҲһ˳ȥ
ܴ󸻺ȻףӴ飬ֻǸе쵼æȾƳԷסףӴҪ뿪㶼վͬʱҶƽ֪ףӴһȥҪʲô¡
Ҷƽʱ֪ףӴԼȥҪʲôˣ϶ǺŮһԷģԭףӴţǺʱȥһԷġ
ԶףӴһ£һףӴ͸ϰԱ߳ԷȻ뾴ƿԹȥ
һƽԶ⸽ڳԷԶ˾񣬹ֲףӴסȻҪץסȥƽԶơ
ףӴҶƽ߹ȥˣԶ쿴ҶƽıӰȴͣףӴҶƽʲôϵǲͬ˵ȥ׵·ʶģôҶƽȥƽԶˣ
ȻɣҲ벻ΪʲôصȼŲܴһȾơ
ҶƽظףӴĺ棬ղҲ˵ʲôϰĻˣȻ˵μӹʱ䲻ϰĳƺҲ󶮣Ƕٻ֪һⷽΪĹԱףӴô˵϶ǳƺĴϰ壬ԶҲôĹӦһףӴҪ
СҶҲûжˣ㲻ҪţղˣǶǴӾүүˣһƽרԱһܺͰ׵ˣ㲻Ҫ£ȻȥһͿˣҶƽЩŵӣףӴһ䡣
ףӴȻǺ⣬һҶƽЩˣΪƽרԱһףӴĿ³ԽˣȻԵ쵼ϤﶩձȴǾģ澭һЩ쵼Ӳ콲Ϣ֪רԱƽԶͷƽ쵼ֻһûڱֽϿ쵼ƽƽרԱһǸƽԶˣ
רԱģûмôĹ٣֪ҪȲܴ󸻵Ĺٴ٣Ǹеϵ˳ҲίǣרԱλӻԶأרԱҪְһ仰£ףӴȴҪżܲ
ȻеܽţףӴרˣǿԼ򶨣룬רԱĹȻܴ󣬵ûʲôϵֻԸѣɶµģרԱҲ˰ֲɷֻҪԼ̹̹Ҳ
ҶƽԼԼһѹž˰䣬ףӴƿţȻ΢Ц˽ȥͽں棬ͣ
棬ռȻ󿪣ֻŮںһ˵˵ЦЦӳһ΢Ц֮͸¶һϣȥҲӦǳĸߴͷںڣ档
ϰ壬ҰСҶйˣףӴҶƽ߹ȥЦűȻߵԷԱߣҶƽߵǰ
ֹͣ˵Ц΢ЦŴҶƽһ£ЦСҶǰɣ֪ϪһԳԷ°ɣ
˵ȽϺͰҶƽͷĽȥһЩվȻܽŵһ쵼ã
湤ֻҪǼϼĸɲҪƺһ쵼ãȻ֪ǰӦλƽרԱȻһ쵼ãƽרԱá
ӺǺǵЦһ£רſһҶƽ󣬱ЦŶŮ˵λСҶͬ־ȥе㺦֪߰үүһʲôˣ
λЦŵҰְ˵λүү˷ǳ飬ûҰְֿҪܿˣǰҪҰְֺúõظл
ӵĻЦŶҶƽСҶ㲻Ҫţ֪¹ĸɲеţǰǹܲģǵܹܵ㣬ģҲǰ˵Ļģ˵ĺû㲻˰ɣ
û뵽ӻƽ׽˵ĽţҪ֪˼ҿǴ쵼ģھ͸ͨѺ˵һǸжŵȥ˲٣ͷЦ
ףӴԱ˵СҶɣҸղŶ˵ˣƽרԱǳƽ׽ˣҪŵģ°ɣ
ףӴĻҶƽſףӴȻͿӺŮŷԱ˲;ߣæ˶飬ǰĲ;߰Ūһ¡
ףӴĽܣҶƽ֪Ů֣ǸȻǵרԱƽԶ
Ůеֽ֪ŮĽзϪãȴǲһе֣Ůĸա
֮Ҳǽ֪ľƣҶƽæվ˼ҿԾǵѣô˼ҾԼžƱ˵Ҫ֪ȴЦŵСҶⱭǾģҰ־үүģүү첻ڣҰҲڣҴүүɣ
ԭ˼ҶƽֻýľƣֱӸһ󱭾ƣȻƶǺþƣûкȹģϵĲҲûгԹģһ󱭸ȥûоͷ
зϪŮ羴֮Ҳվľƣ˵ĲǾƶϣЦҪ⡣һƯŮҶƽʲôҲ˵ˣûѣֱվһ¡
ҶƽӣƽԶֺǺǵЦףӴԱȰСҶȵһ㣬Ҫ
ҶƽⱭƣоЩͷˣԴʼ˵ԺףӴĻ֮æ
֮󣬴ҾҶƽүү飬ƽԶ֮󣬾Ц˵СҶϴӴȥǴ׻·үүһ˰
һ£Ҷƽæǫѷص·ûʲôģ
ףӴӻЦϰ壬мû˵ʵСҶר͸ҵģҪұøϰոǮǮ͵͵ŵǼҵģСҶ绰ңҪǮأ
£ƽԶЦȻתͷַ֪֪ҸʱԹĴףҾӴȥ˵ҲˣСҶȻˣ˵ǼǲСҶԵ
Ǻǣ֪ҲеɣϪ֮۾ҲˮؿҶƽоĺɣڤڤ֮עƵġ
֪Цһ˵ƽ壬Ҫǲ˵Ҳˣ׵ǮҰֻһأ
˵꣬װҪӿڴͳǮƽԶǺһЦ֪ҸϹϵˣΪһףҪǮǲƽѿ
֪ҲǺǺһЦס֣ȻҶƽСҶǼڻûдףʱٴһЩ
Ҷƽæǰһ͹˾˲٣ûˣҪҪһЩģ
ףӴЦҪףͲõСҶˣ͹˾ڶǣߵʱԶһЩ
֪Цףҵ˼ˣҲҪ׻ȥҪðְֶһЩСҶҴףҰְ֪˻ܸ˵ģ


036 
ûϵ֪ԭ˼ףӴееΣģȴˣǴСҶôףǾ黳ģ͹˾ǲһģ˵˼ھˣʲôĺöûгԹںߵһףҪǵİְ߲ӵԵʡ
ҶƽԱˣףӴ˭ί׵ˣֱί׵Ŀ϶ƽԶƽԶ֪ܵİְίף˰죬ԼǼ˽ˣ˵һֺܴԵģ
ƽרԱ͸ף׵ģҲǴףû뵽ףʱǮ͵͵ˣԣǮӦ˸ףΡ룬ҶƽҲҪǮףӴףӴ˵ίģôǮӦƽԶģֱֲ˵ƽԶϾЩɡ
ƽԶЦСҶҲͲҪǮˣũףܰǵ׳ԣӴûаװ
Ҷƽæ˵ˣûǵˣǵ͹˾ĺ
ƽԶһתͷףӴõ͹˾ȥˣ
ףӴ˵úԶȥģһ֮ͺϵһ£ǹ˾ҲȱףȥˣԱߵԷأһ
ףӴƽԶ˵һ£Ȼ˳ѺԶƵ¸˵˳ȻƽԶɫƽԶûʲô׵ıʾˣֻҪԶƽԶ᲻˵ġ
һԶ߹ˣţףӴ͸ţһ֮󣬾ͶЦݣߵƽԶǰơ
첽߹ƽԶЦһµԶ죬˵㵽Ǳˣ
Զæ˵ƽרԱⶼǰףεָʾģ˵ϲĴףҾù˾˸ʳһЩȥٶ׷ԣ
˺ǺǴЦƽԶЦԶ죬⻰Ӵ⼤ģ㻹ˣʳʹҲԣԸصĸɲǸһ»ʳ
Զһ㶣ܿ׹ЦҲܣףô˵ģǱߵĴҲȷʵܺóԣһԣ϶ͻϲˣ
ƽԶҲ֪ףӴúԶȥ׵ʱ϶Ǵϲ׵úԶȥյģȻе㲻ףҲΪϰ£Ҳ˵ףӴʲôˡ
ףӴԱ߽͵Ϻˣҵʱֻ˵ϰȥǱˣǱߵ׺ܺóԣȥȥյ㣬ܾΪϰϲˣ
һͣԶЦôһ˼˭Ҳû̫£ֻ˵Цѡ
ԶЦ֮ȥƽԶľƣľƣƽԶ˼һ£Զǰѱеľȫˣ֮ȥ֪֪ʶȻֻǿһ£һھҲ¡
ںԶ쾴֪ƵͬʱҶƽŵվȥƽԶľƣղһֱ⣬ҪҪȥƽԶľƣҪ֪ƽԶǵĴ쵼һССɲܲȥľƣ
ڿԶ쾴ƽԶľԺ뷨վƽԶһƣƽԶʲô̬ȣֻҪ˼ˡ
뵽Ҷƽ͵վɫģҲȲˣǿŵ飬һ΢ЦƽԶ˵ƽƽרԱ뾴һƣ
Ҷƽе͵˵ףӴƽԶһЦƽԶЦſ˿ҶƽܺͰصðСҶҲһ
ƽԶˬƱҶƽҲһӣǳᣬĺ󣬶ҸоҶƽƷʺܺãҲʲô̬ԾǺʹشӦҶƽҪЦ
һƽԶ˵УҶƽǸӵؼƽԶһ±ӣӰѾƺȥƽԶٺһ㣬ûü˵ڣѾˡ
ƽԶ̾ضףӴ⺢ʵڰ
ƽԶеؽԼӣҶƽ֮ȺģеĳһƺԼ˸еرУ
ԶȻԱ߾֪ľƣȴҲƽԶҶƽ֮ĶԻͷҲ뷨֪֮󣬱תͷҶƽȾơ
ҶƽƽԶľ֮ˣƾҲȫˣǼסھϵ¡
ӣԶ͹ƣռĻ϶ȥҶƽľƣڿƽԶǺУͲСˣһ²ΪҶƽ֮Ĺϵ
˺Զ߹֮ҪҶƽľƣҶƽû뵽ԼľƣڵһվҾ㣡
ԶžƱЦСҶϴζæײŻô˳ֳŵؾʡǲٵ£лл㣡
ҶƽæרлģôлңⱭҾлǴףǴһ⣡
ҶƽǳϿҵ˵ţԶЦЦ˱ӣȻҲǲֱӰһƶˣҶƽһȻҲװܣʹſˣҲҪԼ飡
һ꣬Ҷƽһ£Ȼƽʱϰİ˶νȻ𲻵ʲôãܸоԼϺһЩ
Զ쾴ƣƽԶкȻ˳ȥһƽԶ£ףӴ֪ǰźãҶƽҲźãô˾ͲҪȥˡ
ףӴ֪һȥ磬ƽԶ֮˼һ˵ҪҪȥһʡǣҪһȥ㿴ܲð칫ҵԱȥ
ƵҪؽУкܶҪҳؽ֮ĵһίǺпƽԶǳæҪǰʡʡίʡ㱨ףӴ϶Ҫһǰȥġ
ףӴ˿֪úõͬһǵģʱ£֪һ˵ƽ壬鷳칫ҵԱˣⲻСҶǰȥͿˣøʦڵģ
ƽԶһ̿ҶƽСҶܴ֪ܲһȥүү
Ҷƽվֱܣչ˲ǣ
֪ЦǻҪʲôչ˰ǴˣԼչ˺ԼͿˣֻҪһ·û˭СҶܴ·ˣ
֪˵еƽԶ˵ʲôҪľҪ֤˵İȫɣð칫ɸȥСҶǴ·СҶүүǾͻһҪ֤ȫûУ
ƽԶǵİȫ⣬֪ȴ˵ƽ壬ͷİɣʲôµģȥ֮ͻɳʲôľͲ˰ɣСҶȥУҰҲҸʦڵģ


037 
ֲ֪ƽԶ˸ȥƽԶҲ˽һЩԸ񣬴Ӿǳܵʲô˵ǱҲ˾ֻǲһ򵼶ѣһ˸ȥҲֻǴ·
룬ƽԶûټ֣֪·һҪעⰲȫӿһ㣬ʲô¼ʱϵ
֪ЦƽͷİɣҺϪµģ
ϪԱҲЦ˵ƽ壬ͷİɣǲ£æģ
ƽԶǺǵЦŹ־ģЩİ
֪ͷϪ˶ǺЦƽԶ˵껰ЦЦˣףӴ㼱æųȥ
һȥϪЦؿҶƽҶƽͬ־ղź˲ٵľģ
ʱҶƽǺȶˣƤЩʹһϪ˵۾˵û£ٺһ㣡
Ǻǣ㻹ܺȣٺҿҪˣ磬˵ܺȲϪЦſ֪˵
֪˿ҶƽӣҲǺǺǵЦоҶƽڵӺܺЦЦЦҶƽСҶڻваеĻ͵ϢһɣǻҪȥүүأ
Ҷƽֱ壬˵û£ղûľƣһ
˵ҶƽͻҪȥ֪ľƣ֪ЦЦСҶƾͲҪٶˣҿȵòˣҲҪʲôǸףεĽзҿСһЩͽθɣãֱӽַϪүүҰְ֣Ǿ͸һƵģǧҪʲô⣡
¶ѵ֪ĻҶƽվﲻ֪˵ʲôˣںһˣ˼ҿԾǵĹͣԼʵ
θ磬پһƣҶƽͻȻðôһ䡣
ˬҪԼȾƣ֪͵վãСҶǸٺһ
ҪȣϪԱ߽磬ĻҪȰ㿴Ǹӣٺȿ϶ˣ
СãͦСҶͬ־ҸղҲǺ˲٣֪Цɨ˷ϪһۣٺٵЦ
Ϫɫһ죬һ£ֽ磬˵ʲô㣬ҲǿȷʵȶҲҪٺˣ
˵ҶƽԺظ㲻ڸԼЦɣԼ˵ľ̫ԶȥԼүүԺҲԺͲټˣ˵ʲôԼĻʲôϵ
˵ЦϣҶƽǺܼǿվ֪ҲܵжˣƳսǵˣսµԶģ
ֱ֪˹ȥԼеľƵȻֻҶƽ˺Сһ֣˵СҶȵòˣͺôɣҪⱭҰְ־үүһǾٺһô
ȻЩԺ֪еľ٣֪еľƶ࣬˵θ磬ǴԶүүҾүүȸлˣǶһ˺òã
֪һҶƽǺưһ㲻ȾƲ¿϶Ҳ˿ɽ
ãСҶǶһ֪Ҳ£˵ľƶȻҶƽһ
ȾƵӣϪҡҡͷ֪̾̾ƢģҪ϶Ե۵ľˣǺûи꣬ղƽԶڣнһЩƽԶˣƿµúȸû꣬ǰְֻҪȶˡ
һѱоƺȥ֪һӱ˷ͺҶƽһ˵СҶҿҲˣҪǲȭ˭˭ô
Ҷƽƽʱû⣬ʱҲ˷ˣ˵θ磬ôңǺȸʹ죡
֪һҶƽûЦ˹Ҷƽѧźȭһʼˣ˺üھƣǽȴ·֪˺üھƣ֪ǺǴЦϪԱ߿ǵӣֱüͷˡ
ףӴƽԶϳְһȻתһͷ֪Ҷƽ˸ƵﻮȭȾˣһ㶣ܿѹ߹ȥЦô˭Ķడ
֪ЦףΣ벻СҶǸţѧĲȭҺȺüˣ
ףӴǺЦôҿɲǻˣ
Ϫ߹ȰˣǲҪٺˣ컹أ
һȣҶƽǾˣղڸʲôأܴ󸻻ݣ컹飬⵹ԼԼģ¶ˡ
θ磬ңҲٺˣ˺òҶƽˡ
֪ȴǲԸǲУղҺ˺üھƣһҲûȣôܲˣ棬Ҫ£
һ֪澢Ϫص磬棬ܺȶ٣
˵գͰҶƽһȥҪԼ֪棬Ҷƽֻһߣ֪Լ棬صСã㲻ܺȾƣʲô
ߣϺ㣡ϪһŭĿӣ֪ˡ
һô£ã˷ϪۣϪҲֻð˵˲ˣطϢȥ
֪ӸƢһȾˣҲټԷˣҪطϢȻ󻹿ҶƽСҶлһݣ
ҶƽʱѾˣ˵ɾصõģθ磬һݣ
ףӴû뵽Լճȥһᣬ˾ͺȳӣֻҡҡͷ˷䣬ҶƽҲٺˣȻطϢȥɡ
Ϫ˿ҲٳԷˣҪһطϢףӴ͸ȫ˷䣬סȻƵź֮󣬾ߵܴ󸻵Ǹ
ղźԶƵʱ򣬲ܴ󸻺˴ڷԵúģǲ֪ҶƽȥˣҲ֪Զȥˣֻʣ˾죬ͷо͸ͷһν԰ƵģɶҲľż˵ʲô°
һԲܴ󸻵ǣòˣþҪǲ̫ϧ˰ɣҾһƣ
ܴûȣȻдȷǲǽû˼ͣûбԼ飬ʹ죬ҶƽȥҲ֪÷ǳأ֪Ǳ󵽵ڸЩʲô
һᣬԶˣȥǳĲȸղŸ˶ˣʹغԶܸˣܴ󸻵źһЩæ뺫Զžơ
ȵöˣףӴִܴһæվףӴ߹ȥһᣬһƣٴαʾһ⣬òܴʮֵĸˣôҴææ벻ˣȻʲô˵ģֻҶƽΪʲôûлǸе֡


038 ŮһȥС
ףӴͲֺܴһƣ㰲ס£ܴ󸻵һҶƽ飬ףӴ͸˵Ҷƽ£ҪˣһԼȥˡ
ܴ󸻲֪Ҷƽʲô飬ҲöʣֻðףӴָʾȥ죬ףӴͺԶ˾ˡ
סľƵܴ󸻺Ȼܸˣȴǲ֪Ҷƽȥˣ˾ڷȥ˵⺢ڻˣ쵼йϵˣǰôû
ܴҲģ̾СҶҵڵ͸оҳһ˵СҶףӴʲôϵ
˵ȻһģҲû˵ڵʲôݣ֮䲻ݹϵǸףӴҲðѵǼһд֪Զףһȥٴһ¡
ܴ󸻵˵ͷ˵شٴһ£ͷͷģСҶСͦϣʿʲģ뷨һ¡
˵˰컰ȻԺ˯ˣͷҶƽڷﺨ˯ϴسǺ˲پƣˣںȵñϴλһЩȴû¾ƣоԼǲǴһЩҲпΪϴδسǻȥµľƣȴֱϢ̫һ
ﺨ˯ţȴһЩΣǰϸֳ骺ͳӰȻֳָ߿ӰͻȻǸϪӰһŮ˵ӰԺ֣֪︡Ǵĸ񾭣Ρ
ΣһֱֵǷϪӰЦȥͻȻγһͷ亹͵۾һˣ
һҹΣҶƽҡҡͷ뵽еæȥϴ˸裬Ϸ¼벻ôľƣ벻ƽԶһȾƣ󻹺ǸԾεĲȭ˲ٵľơ
һжУǰֳָϪӰ崿͸ţɰͽʮֵԣӡоþòͻֻǸоԼ̫Զ̫ԶƮŮһ֣˾Ͳˡ
ҵһᣬϴ裬ڴϢһᣬŸоԿЩʹȷʵȶˣΪ˻ʹڴϰһᾭϰİ˶ν
һţæſ֣´򿪷ţһȻǸϪ󣬱Ц˵صȵû°ɣһԷȥ
Ҷƽæ˵û£ԴеۣںöˣڵԷ
ϪǺһЦҶҲȶˣڴ˯û緹Ҳˣ㵹Щˣһȥ緹ɣ
ԭϪȥ֪֪ȴ˯û˯ظź󣬽ڴ˯ˣ緹ҲˣֻùһҶƽһȥ緹
Ҷƽ֪緹Ҳûпǳ緹£һ緹ǶˣʹشӦҶˣ㣡
ҶƽҪ͵ӣϪ̿ЦҶƽΪʲôЦ۾ɵɵؿôʲôЦ
ǲʲôҶƽһ£סʵ
ϪЦöֵۣûû£ðɣҳԷ⸽ûСԣ
Ƶṩ͵ģҶƽ֪˵ҪԷúЦڿҶƽôЦӣͻȻھƵˣ뵽һСԣƷһطķСԣؾ֮ҲһֺܺõĻζ
Ҷƽط̫죬֪СԣǴӦ˼ҪԷˣԷĵصܵҵɣֻҪȥתһתҵ
룬Ҷƽ׼ŷϪһȥԷһű뵽һ£˵롭С㣬һȥǲǲ̫ȫ
ΪƽԶǵİȫֻŷϪȥ˰ȫ⣬Ǹˣûǽһĺá
Ϫ˿ӣЦʲôС㣬֪СֱֺܲӽҷϪͿˣҾͽҶƽһȥǳԸ緹ʲôȫ⣬Ͳõˣ
˷ϪĻҶƽЦһЦȥԸӦʲôȫ⣬ûôңֻǿԾǣǶһЩѡ
ôһ룬Ҷƽǰ·Ϫں棬˴Ƶ֮Ĵһ⸽ȫǴƵ꣬СԵĸط⵹ҶƽΪˣĶȥСԵĵط
ϪһȻǲ֪Ҷƽ룬ǵѧʱ򾭹³ԹСԣҪ˳·ߣһûƫƧһĵطһǸطСԵġ
뵽ҶƽʹŷϪһС·ȥС·ľͷӦСԵġǰߣϪںţߵЩ죬ϪͽؽеҶƽܲߵһЩ
Ҷƽ˼һԲ߿һЩģû뵽סԼֻ֮󣬷Ϫ׷Цź˵Ϫܴ󷽣Ȼ飬ϵĴѧڹʲô
Ҷƽ˵˵Ȼ룬ҲһйȻû˼ҵļֻͥѧȻְֵôᵽǴӵġ
Ϫ͸ڻྩѧϴְֵӵҲ̫кöе굽ũȥְ־мһԱɣ
һʷҶƽҲ֪һЩְֵֻľǿϪֻ̫òˡ
˵˵ЦЦҶƽϴѧѧҲǸձҵû೤ʱ䣬źܶĹͬԵģֻǷϪϵĴѧҪĴѧõö࣬ӦྩˣҪ۸߿ķδػߡ
һʣϪͰԼ߿ķһȻûĸߣ˼ྩˣ¼ȡͣԾྩѧ
ţϪԵúܻ죬һǳ˵ӣҶƽҲǷǳ˷ܣһ죬Ͳǰˡ
ϪӾǱ߹ҲǷǳķɣҶƽֺӵӣͷϲھǽЩˣһĺܣʱˣһҲϲ
ְƽʱʱ򣬾˵ũӵӣũܿ࣬ũ˺ܴӣȻҲлˣ˵ûôĻӣ֮䶼໥Ĳĸ˱ĲƸ
ЩŲСӰ죬ȳԺȻΧŲٵѣһƺǳļͥģЩͥҲܺõѣƽʱĽǷǳʱȣָоܲˬ
˾ǵֻһִδйɣǰкӣһһСطķ飬еǳˬ⡣
ϪǰСԵˣϪһ˵ŻһĴŷ羰ҶƽͻȻָǰ˵


039 ·ٷ
ϪԶһ濴ǰ˺ܶ࣬Ҷƽʹ߹ȥȻһС̯
С̯ôһȾķϪҶƽС̯λǰڵ·˲ڵϵĵӡ
ӣϪ˼صҶƽǿɴϵ·ģô·ӣֽһ
ҶƽȴЦһ£һƨȥ˵ҲòԼٲһ°ɣ
Ϫ˿һüͷҶƽҲܹߵȽˣôһҲ
ҶƽǺһЦũ˾С̯ԣĽʲô˵СԱҲǲô
ҶƽռռӣϪһ˵ũҲӦྩҲСԣΪûԹ
ҶƽǺЦţЩС̯ϰ࣬ϼϪһܳô࣬ͽҪһЩȴЦ˵ģܳԵˣԲˣҰԣ
һǸǵĺϪЦɨһۣȻоﶼãе㲻ȴǲ֪ҲģСطٽôûྩǵǸ
һࡢͶˣҶƽʹڵسϪȴؾ׽ʱǸ࣬ͷЦ
ûмӣҶƽͰԼǷݰӺȫˣϪһ뻹ûг̻꣬ʵӣϪЦŰԼһƵǰҳ԰ɣ
˵ʵڵģҶƽûгԱһЩӣ·Ϫ˵ǷͰϪԣϪû˵һ˵ˣЦЦǳԱԲãͣ
ϪǺһЦҳԱˣʣµ԰ɣ˷ˣ
Ҷƽ˿ʵԱˣ
ϪЦƭ԰ɣҰͱˣ
һ˵ҶƽͲˣæѷϪûгԹİӺ˹һͳˣо󱥣ĲٳˣŮǰҪһĺá
ǾС̯ǰţȴһꤵ˶ԺǾվ׼ȥ
˳ԭ·أصȻƵ·Ҳʮӣ̫ԶҶƽ÷Ϫǰ棬ں棬ϪȴǺţԵúܣǸеЩ˼
һ·˵һЩһߵһС·ڣ·˺٣˺ʱһǰš
ʱͻȻһȣվסǮҽ
˸һæԱ߿ȥֻһݵһذ׶ݺݵؿǣˡ
Ϫһ˵ҶƽҶƽҲǸһû벻ΰûũĺãľȻٷˣʲôʲô֮ǰŷϪİȫ⣬Ϊʲô£ȴٷˡ
˿ٷˣҶƽһ뵽ǷϪİȫ⣬ȻԷֻٲƣǾҲûдǮΪھƵʱϵľ޿ھƵˣֻһЩǮ緹
Žٷ˵һһҶƽӿڴͳһЩǮֻжʮԪӣֶٷ˵ϾЩǮˣҪҪ߰ɣҳ춼ΪƲǣҪǹģܲܰѵ˵
ҶƽͿغͽٷ̸ˣٷ˲ŲҶƽǮû٣ֶݺݵؿҶƽķϪ˵ϵǮҲȫó
ûǮϪ˳˵һ䣬ܿ˻ȥ
Ҷƽ˵ûǮǾЩǮˣ㿴ҲˣЩǮ߰ɣҲ
ٷ˲Ļذǰ۾Ź˵Ҳˣƭأ㿴ôãûǮҵϷ
ٷ˿ŷϪ·ûǮҪϷϪȹӣȷʵûǮҪǷǾˣåˣǽٲƣɫˣҶƽҪ֤ľİȫýٷ˵óѡ
Ҷƽ÷Ϫ㵽棬ٷ˵ûǮҪǮܸܲǵƵȥã
ٷһ˶סƵ꣬ǿ϶ǮϵǵƵȥãԾͿʼһƽҶƽȥѷϪϪµҪҴ
ۿҪԼͷϪ˺ҶƽȻ£ʱҲҪȥˣ˵СүүȻԷŵȥһҲûǿ׳ֻҪץסʱ˵һƷ
ٷ˿˶ǺܺµӣҲԽԽõֻҲرȻˣҪֱϪϻ¶ɫԵı顣
һʱиذ׼µĵգҶƽһţ󣬽žٷ˲ҽһеذ䣬ǺʹӣֵؿҶƽ
û뵽Ҷƽҷû뵽ҶƽһžͰֱ۸߹ˣʹྪֵӣҶƽûж룬ŷϪܣȷѷϪȫؾƵꡣ
һᣬϪŲסͺͣ£Ҷƽͣȥٷ˸ûҲҸˣһգ
ϪҲǾδؿڣ˵ҶƽطΰҲ̫ˣԸ緹ٷˣƽΰûиð
ҶƽҲصطվܽ˿ڶ࣬С͵СҲ࣬ⲻƽרԱûΰ
Ϫһ۵㵹Ϊǵ˵ûˣҵƽ˵˵һ£
һ˵ҶƽæСϪܲܲƽרԱ˵ƽרԱ֪գ϶ȥСԣҴȥģ˵ǲǵøΰ
Ϫıһûǵⷽ£뵽ղҶƽ¶ͽģæʵҶƽղûʲô˰ɣ
Ҷƽ˿ԼȽţ˵û£ҹٷ˿ˣղŽеͦҵģ
Ϫϸذ˿ûˣŷֿ˿˵ٷǿɺޣǮ˻ߣҪ㣬¿ɾͲˣ
ҶƽȴʵٷҲͦģûǮҸˣղҪǮҲˣû뵽ôɧ㣬ұñ֤İȫֻóִ֪˵ʲô
һ뵽ҶƽӣϪЩжصҶƽͲҪԻ˱ͬˣղлл㣬Էذף벻һӾͰˣ
ҶƽٺЦ֪ҴСӵģҪ֪ӵģͲˣ
Ϫʵʲôӣ
ҶƽЦ䣬Һүүѧ䣬үүʦ
һүүʦϪ˵صȥүүܷˣ


040 ·
ϪӾѾָҶƽЦŴӦȥүүүүз䲻һֲܼ֮ǡ
ϪæͷҶƽһǰȥͻص˾ƵꡣҶƽ¸߱ˣ֪һȥСԣȻգ϶ܵģ˻صƵġ
ϪղҶƽĻ֮ҲƽԶ֪ˣȻΪֹǼҲҶƽˣ˵С⣬Ҷƽȫ⣬ϽҶƽһҲûеģĵλҶƽĵλȫͬʱʹûΣҲΪˣصǣĿ϶ҶƽҶƽȴ¶ͽô壬˵˼үүְأ
뵽Ϫ;ٱƽԶҲûܵʲô˺͵ʲôҲûɣ¸ܸĶˣǱƢһ֪ᷢʲô¡
صƵ꣬Ҷƽÿܴ󸻺׼ȥһ߹ܴ󸻾ͼæǰʵСҶȥˣڻͲһȥ
ܴһ껰ŷҶƽԱ߻վһһŮƺҶƽʲôȥˣԭ̸Ůȥˣһһˡ
Ҷƽһʱ֪λشĻ˵ףνҹȥµġ
ܴɨ˷ϪһЦСҶڻ߲ˣ
ҶƽҵһߣҪ߰ɣ
ܴ󸻾֪Ҷƽ˼ˣǺЦļףҲȻȥǾͻȥˣ׼ļ٣߶죡
û˵˼ҶƽֻǴӦţû£Ҫ죬ĪܴȴΪ̸Ůѣ׼ٲǺףӴгȥ˵ڸܶأףӴܵĻǷˡ
ϪֻԱվţһ仰û˵Ųܴ󸻺һϳˣ֮ʵҶƽʲôˣ
Ҷƽǣҵ쵼
ϪЦȥϵıû뵽쵼ҪҪҸƽ˵˵úöԴ㰡
ҶƽǺһЦĸɲһǲģͷƽרԱôĹˣҶţ
ǺǣϪЦŽ˵벻ôС
ҶƽЦЦĵⲻʲôС⣬㺰˼壬˵Ȼţĸɲô쵼ܲʲôС¡
Ȼ룬Ȼὲͺһ߽˾Ƶ棬Ȼ˷䣬Ϫȥ֪ȥˣҶƽȻصԼķ档
֪ʱû˯ѣϪˣҪɣ֪û취ֻ۾ȥˣԷûС
ϪظˣȥȥҶƽүүԼˣ֪ͼæϴˢһ£Ҳˣ׼
ʰ֮󣬷ϪȥҶƽҶƽٷ˵¸֪ҲǺСģȿûʲô쳣֮󣬲Ű
֪ʰ֮󣬾׼Ҷƽ󣬱ЦЦҶƽҲЦһϺȾƵ飬;ЩЦ֪ôģһˣʲô¶ܸɳƽʱ˲ȭȾƵġ
˾׼˳Ҷƽ߹ȥһûмĽڽγֻǺֳûгƣǸ³
Ҷƽǰ渱ʻλϴ·Ϫ֪ں棬ȻͿųһ·طʻȥ
֪ܿ˯ˣûϢã˳ϢϪںûа취Ҷƽ졣
ƽȵǰţһСʱͽ˶ؾ磬ҲԶˣʮӺȴǰ淢¹ʣ³µú˾ֻøű˴һС·Ƶ
С·ǰһׯһĴׯֻҪƹׯͿٽˡ
ĳһǰʻţׯʱȴǷǰշѣûʲôշվҶƽǰĳʻȥ󣬱ҪԪǮܹȥ
֪ĳԾǵĳطֲշվ˸ǰ˾Ȼֱʻȴ˵ǰ棬ͨ
ҶƽƽʱջЩڵ·շѵˣֱǺͳ·Բ࣬ǵס˳ͼæӳ˵ƾʲôշѣִ֤𣿡
һҪʲôִ֤վڳǰ˾ЦӾִ֤ı뽻Ǯͨ
ҶƽԷ޷죬ߵصûִ֤շѣҿԾٱǣ
ʲôһҶƽԲѷҪٱǣԱ˼ˣǹͷһͲˡ
⼸̰ӶΧĳһˣҪ£е˾ֱӵͷȥԸ̯£е֣һʱǲǰˡ
Ҷƽһô˰ѳӸΧסˣǽˣ쵽ôˣ̯£糿Էٷˣ·ԣ·ôģ
֮ʱԱͻȻһž׳Ҷƽһϲоˣ˿ǻշѲ
Ҷƽ׼Ҫȣû뵽һ߹󣬱ؿһ˵˭˵Ҫٱģ
ԱΧųӵָҶƽ磬Ҫٱģ
Ҷƽһ໥ʶһоãǲǾһѰɣ
׳ߵǰ濴˿ͶԱߵ˷ԸҿˣƶûУһ߳ҿɳȥ
Ļһ˵꣬Աߵļ˾Ҫ˾ͷϪҲ֪ʱҲǸո˯ѣһʱûгȥҶƽȳûʲô˵£Ȼþš
˾ȻĳǵΪˣ͵ôӳʵ˭Ҫҵĳ
ƱˣԱߵļСһǸ˿߲ƣҲʾǰҪĳôţ
֪סƾʲôҪҵĳ
˾ʢ˵ص⳵գһ߳˭ߣ
֪ЦһʲôȨҵĳ
ӾʹһƾǾ죡Ƕϣ⼸ͽȫߣ
ڴӵָ£Χļ˾Ҫ֣֪ͻȻҲһţҪûо֤
һҪ֤ͲᣬΪûоֻ֤ǸɳԱûʲôִȨ˺ϻ̵ִչ·˾Ǯѡ
һò֤֪֪һȺں֮ڣŷ·ҪǮģȻ͸һѵ


041 ǹ
ΧļۿžҪ֣ҶƽһѿڶǴӾˣǸҶһԣ
ҶƽԴЩˣȻ˵֪֪ǵľ屳϶Ǳһ㣬ֻҪ˵֣Щ˾͵õһ£Ҳҹ컯֮ǵĳŹǵˡ
Ҷƽĺܺã֪ʲô߻ʵԶЩ˶ǵطϵһԣ˵ɳ˭£˵ʲôǾǵˣǲŲ£һס
ҶƽĻһ˵꣬ǻ˾˴ЦĻϹˣϹ˵ҲýǮ
磬滹һƯСģôˮ飬ԭʲôǵģǲҪһ߰˸˵꣬һʮͻȻ˳ķϪЦ򳵱֪ôص
Ҷƽæǰ棬ñŷϪǸ˿Ҷƽסһӵص
ӣҶƽվ˿ûǸһ۾һɣҪһҶƽױˣһץסӣŭĿӵʲô
˵꣬ҶƽһվҪ۵˸Ķ֣˶࣬һǸνıǳһҲ£ҶƽץǸһҲ£Цſ˵磬ں°ҪҪɱҹ
˾һȺåҶƽûа취ֻץסšЦС죬֪ʱͻȻߵǰ˵²£
һڶǹָСţҶƽһЦС۾ŶԼϵǹڣֿµıЦʧӰ١
磡ʱսľؿʼˡ
ûϵ֪ǹǱһԼǾ죬öԷס˵ԷõǼǹأ
ôһ룬ֱ˹֪˵ʲôˣǹָˣ
֪ؿһһֵصǲ֪ʶĿҹ
һ±סˣվ￴֪ͬ˵磬ǹҲǹ
Щǹ˾뵽ȥǹ֪һԷҲǹ¶ԷҪӺǣ㼱æų˾˵ϸ֪һ˭
˾ϸ̴ӳʵһж֮У֣ȺһҲĶ֣Ҫ֪ͷϪˣֱΣʱŻ֡
һ֪ݴӳҲǹȻһźɫ֤ߵǰǰһ˵ϸˣǸʲôģ
ӱϾɳԱʶҪһ˶һ㣬ϸùȥ֤ؿ˼ֻۣдɫ֣ȻԱ߻һС֣һ֪֮Ǿӵ֤
ӵˣһ¸еãվϸؿ˿Ȼ˵ǵǵĳŲڸɱۣ
һ仰Ӹŵô˺ü£ȻæȺУæ˵У
һ˻һ˿ֻǸǰɧŷϪӻ֪ǹ֮£ҶֻƵǣҰɣ
˭ǣ֪һ𣬾ͳɿһƣֻȵðǡ
ӽˣͰǲ֪Ǿӵˣܷܲλֵܣ
ҶƽʱҲˣ˵ϻƤΪʲô迨շѣȫεӦ㣬ҪյЩ˾Ǯȫ˳
Ҷƽһ˵Χ˾˰н˺ãǲ̫½ܵЩ˵ı
ϸʵ㴩žķװľ֤أ
ӾԴ˵ֻԱûо֤
ϸûо֤ŭûо֤קʲôҰƤ
һŭϸ𣬴Ӳκεķһɱ۵ĻͰɵˣһԣĸҶԿҡ
ѵ·Χ˸ûһҶģǺڶǹڲģʹǹ˼֤ɳ˶ҶˣǻҶ𣿺οǻҪνɳԱָӡ
Ƕʵ֪ǹҶƽҲſǸˣʱҲǺܾ֪˾ϸ˵ı֣һǹһ֤ļûо˸е𾪡
ʱϪڳûгԭû糿ٷǰ㺦£Ϊ֪˾ϸıʲôֻڳ￴ҶƽղӢµصǰ龰
ǽȡ·˾Ĺ·ѣԷʵ֮ϸ֪˼Ÿ·پȥֱ˳Ҷƽվڳ￴ߣһԺ󲻸ٺΪ
ĸоǳã˵֮Ҳû˸˵Ҷƽ˿֮󣬾˳ڡ
һǻ˼æó˵·һĳͽſ˹ȥǻûһٸǵĹ·ˡ
ʻ˹ȥҶƽڳ棬ͷŸղŵ飬ʱؿԱߵϸϸʼղЦҲҶʣ֪˶ǹҪ֪ڻǹ˶ǲһˣʵ̫ˡ
֪ڳͷϢˣǹʰ˿⣬鵭صȺͽǼŸ·һǹǣ
ϪĻ˵磬һʶʲôЩ˲뷢СƶѣǣҶƽǲǾ
ϪеҶƽæתͷ˵Ҳͷһǰ˵Щط˽迨չ·ѣܵ飬ֻû뵽ǽҲû뵽ǾȻҿǵĳǸɳԱ֪Ӧܴ
ҶƽĻ֪˵ͷ˵ҵøƽ˵һ£úõһ˽շѣΥҹ涨Ϊǣ
ҶƽǲƽԶ֪ҲΪϣܳ׵һΣƽԶ˻͵
˵£Ҷƽ֪ܺǹ£ֱֲʣһЦ֪˵θ磬Ҫûǹ⳵͵ǿˣүүȥˣ
֪ǺЦһµСҶǲ뿴ҵǹ
Ҷƽæֵθ磬Ҳ˼ǹʲôģСʱľͷǹǹɲ棡
֪ǺǴЦСҶǹŹģûȻ֪ǹĺ֮Ժǹˣ͸ң㼸ѣ
ҶƽЦθ磬һʵʵ﹤ɣǹʲôĿɲ棡
֪ЦСҶҸղſͦ¸ҵģôǹ
û뵽֪ôҶƽһ룬ͷ˵θ磬ܲҿǰǹ


042 үү
֪΢΢һЦͰǹҶƽСĵĽӹеһеǾ£ԼһĶǲ֪ԼǺϷǹ֧ߣǹǾǷģǧܷ
ӣҶƽСĵػ֪֪ЦЦСҶԺȥǣҴȥһҪûһź
ĻҶƽЦθ磬仰˵̫ˣ˵һӣһӣѾμӹˣǲȥˣ
֪һ⻰˵μӹôˣμӹֻܵҪ뵱
ҶƽæЦ˰ɣոѧȥǲôҿɲȥˣ
֪ЦСҶڻûҵŮѣ
Ҷƽɫһºθ磬һûаûϲ
֪ЦСҲǸɲûŮϲ
ҶƽǺЦŮӶϲǮģɲɶ˲ģ
֪һָ˵㲻ҪлȥǣҸܼӣ϶ҪطŮã
ｲϪС죬ü磬˼ҶƽǺʵкӣ˼ҽܵЩŮӣһ𣿿ó
û뵽ԼǰԼϵף֪һ۵СãǺĺ⣬СҶȻڼһЩֻҪ԰һѣûǮҲ̫С˼СҶ˰ɣ
Ϫɨ֪һۣӱǿһ£ٺ˵ˣת򳵴⣬֪ͷЩʲô
֪ҲתҶƽ̸һЩҶƽϪһ˲˵Ҳûж˵Ҫ֪Ӧš
Ӻܿ˲磬ҶƽֱӴ֪ʻȥɽˮģ֪˵СҶطԿҵ
ҶƽЦƵط˭һ·ûУ
֪չˣӲʩˣҵܷչҲʮ£
һʮ֮飬ҶƽЦЦǻ˰ɣ˵ʲôĻ̸ϡ
·ϣΧĴׯ֪ȷʵܵطƶû뵽ԼϰֵȹĹģ϶ܲĿ࣬طϰǣǺǿˡ
ϪҲͬУûôĵطĿǲôƶĵطģȴ𺳵ؿˣҶƽȻطˣҶƽС̯ʱΪʲôôؽһԱΪĵطôôؽ
壬ʱҶ͹Ѿ˵ҶƽϹˣȻ嵱ʲôǲӴǳǵЦӦǵ˲Ĺ٣ôǶ˵ˣǵĶͷгϢˡ
֪ǣҶƽԼļң˳֮󣬿ԼϵûڣͷһЩֻҪϵҶڼңʲô¶첻ɣĸ׹׼ӵ׺͸֪ǴȥȻײˣһ˲ףԼٳһ㣬ҲҪǵԸ
㿴ӴűԼлŮе˧ŮƯ֪ô£֪ڶӳϢˣѿ϶ҪϴǸ˾˵ѣڿ϶ˣһѾҪ˼ףϴͳôˣҪҲͰɣûʲôԥģҶƽԸ֮ͼæӦȥ׼Ȼ֪ǽȥ
֪ͷϪ֮󣬿ҶƽļȷʵôԣЩ̾ũ̫ˣҶƽ֮ɸߵȽҳΪһɲǲװԽƶ˻ôĴ飬˴Ʒ˵Ǽõġ
ȻҪǽȥһᣬҲȥһᣬҶƽȴǸǣڴȥүүүүڸŹȥС
һҶƽİţ֪ûκ飬ͺ͹һкҶסĵطȥ
ԼĶΪʲôҪЩȥʮĿҪԼȥе֣׼ô֮󣬾Ҳ߳ȥҶ￴һ
֪ǺܿүүʱүүڷĿһԼӻˣվЦƽôؼˣ
һүү˳ҶƽЦӭȥүү㣡
ҶҲҶƽ֪ͷϪˣûΪģﻹأҶƽĻˣʱ˭Լ
֪ͷϪ˾ǿһѮİ׷ߣʮֵ壬˵Ǻ׷ͯգһһǳĵˣǵİְܵõչˣ϶ˣһûҴˣ
Ҷ֮ʱ֪Ц˵Ҷүүɣ
Ҷ忴Ҷƽʵƽǡ
ҶƽЦרŴӾģϵңҲˣǵİְǴӣרŴǵİְģ
ҶƽĻҶְ֪ӣʲô֣
굽ӵкüأ㲻һҶһʣ֪֮󣬱ЦҰְֽƽ
һְֽƽҶϾֿ˻˵ԭСװڻϳʱûмˣ֪ڻòãôˣ
ҶƽԱǵİְֽƽˣôһȫһհô£
֪ҶˣǰסҶֵҶүүҰְڼ߶أЩһֱûʱ㣬æ߲רҺ㣬һɾ⣬ϣ£
֪˵꣬ת˾ϸҶƽһûмƷ϶ǰ󣬵û˵ʲô˼үүģֲ͸ġ
Ҷһæ˵ңҾͺܸˣôʹãʹãôǺǵİְ֣ܼҾͺܸˣ
ҶƴŲҪϪЦǰ˵ҶүүҰְֵһ⣬һҪ͵ҪǲҪҲûûȥҲûҰְֽģ
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˲ФгЦŶҶƽ˵ƽʵСҲſСˣ
֪˵仰ʲô˼ҶƽСӲֻ̤ɣ
ФæЦƽҲͶѣѵѧʱûĶ
һѧʱ飬Ҷƽ˰֣ЦŲ𻰣첽߻طȥ
ص䣬Ҷȵòˣ˻ϷԷ극֮ȥĿOK質裬һȥ裬˷
Ҷƽûְãų극ùס£һزȥ
ФоʹӦ˴ҵҪȻͿʼԷ극Ժ󣬴Ҿ߳䣬򷹵ȥʱФеۼ⣬ͻȻӰæ߹ȥؽеǡίǺã
һͷһеʶеȴǲʶҶƽȴϵһˣһԹ˳
˳һʼҲûע⵽ǣФһע⵽ˣȻ΢Цһ׼ȥͻȻ֮俴Ҷƽ۷ŹâЦСҶô⣿
еԼҶƽû˵ģʱҲܲǰˣ˵Ǻãͬѧۻģ
˳㿴ФеСФͬѧ
Фи벻˳ʶҶƽԵôУ̽Ž͵˵ǣǣǶͬѧ
˳Цãͬѧۻã˵֮ͻȻתͷԱߵǸ˵ԣϴοоǸСҶ絳Σ
Ǹмһ̣ͣسţûЩˣ˳Ļ󣬱ת˿Ҷƽ۾СӾСҶòһ˲ţǲ
˳ЦЦֿҶƽСҶί˺أԺ磬Ҫúõдǧܵ
⻰˵ģȻǰûˣ˳ίǲ䲿쵼ˣҪǵ˵ǲܴҲҪúд˳˵˵Цˡ


047 ȥ
˵˻˳Ҷƽ˻־򷹵ȥ֪ҶƽףӴ֮Ĺϵˣܴȥ˵֮˵绰һ˵ӣû뵽ףӴҶƽĹϵܡ
ҲǳˣسնϾҪϣõίίרŵһԶٷҶƽˡ
˳֮Фǳٳûȥû뵽쵼˳Զȥ֮ͬѧʵУ쵼
Феһί˳Ҫسһ䲿ί־Ҫ쵼
Ҷƽһ׸ղǸ̳ú˭ˣͬѧһ쵼ղŶФвôӣȴҶƽЦݣ⵽ô£
ҵı˱仯ſҶƽͶҲһЩݣ⼸ͬѧǲؿҶƽ
վҶƽһ¼˵ƽ쵼찡
ͬѧĿУҪ˵쵼һФУղŵԲҾֱ˳Ҷƽλش
ҶƽһЦҲǺ죬ֻǸһԹǸίͷһμ
һҶƽȻ˳һԹФжܾȣί죬Ҳû˳һԷҶƽôһԹ
ȻȣҲȥôһԵķ鲻ܴɰʵףǵ㵽Ϊֹ֮ҲǲˣֲҶƽõΣԭ쵼йϵФȻίĸɲû쵼ĹϵҲûã
ҶƽûжٸоһЩͬѧ֪ôһ֮󣬲ĶҶƽڹٳεԭܶ࣬˭˭жĹϵȻõˣһǳҪϢüסˡ
ƽԺҪ쵼ɵøͬѧЦסҶƽֱ֣Ҫˡ
ҶƽЦЦ˳ǳԹһηѣǲǺ죬˵ֻЩյͬѧԽԽ˰ͬѧ֮飬ƺֻѧʱŻˡ
ˣǺ죬ôҶƽЦ
ô˵ĻΪ˳ˣФҲΪģҶΧߣʱΪͬѧۻǡ
ԱѩǱҲ˱仯Ȼزֳ˳ϾҪسˣù𣬶Ҷƽ˳ϵãǲܺӵġ
ҴӵҶƽȥ裬˿OK֮󣬶Ҷƽó裬ФоȻʶʱһ𳪣ſ˻ܶ˵ʲô˻ΪСûҶƽղŵһĻҲǰסˣФк˵Ĵӵ£ɼˡ
ҶƽŴһֻ΢΢ЦţڶʵѾûжٸоֻлôһ㺣ڴҵĴӵ£¶ЦݵؾվһȻһеһء
Ҷƽûᳪ裬ҲſôļˣһſվԱҲֻܹƣû˿˵ıʾ
һСʱĸ裬ҾɢȥФרŸдһ䣬ȻҾɢȥˣſȥ·Ͼͳſæο죬ºͺ
ڶһ磬Ҷƽд֮ȥҶȥһҶҽԺϰ࣬ҲǸողμӹҽԺҽƽʱؼңһ¡
ддҽԺҶƽ߽ҽԺĴ¥һͨİ칫ңһžͿһӴ棬š
ӻͷһҶƽͿʮֵһ˫С۾ͣ˸ţϳ˼Ƥлһʻ
Ҷƽıһ㶣СӲ׷ԼĽɣǲеˣ
ҰѻȷˣԼһԷӿеʻҶһžҪȥ
Ҷϲƣϵʻץߣûʱ䣡
ӲԸߣƤ˼ҶƽϽһ㣬ܽ𣿡
ҶûüҶƽ˵ӦǰˣһҶƽĻæֵСܣôˣ
Ҷƽ˹ȥ˵ϺͬѧһۻᣬҾ͹㣡
ҶҶƽ£Ҷƽûߵǰӵʻ˵㣬˭͵ʻ̫ѿˣ˰ɣ
˵꣬Ҷƽͽʻ˵ϣҶؿ˵ҵܵܣʻ߰ɣǲʣ
ӿҶƽԼ͸Ҷʻ˵ϣҶܾĻ϶ʱһŭݣҶҶƽôţһŽϵʻߵһߣݺݵصҪڵģ
˵֮ǸӾһתˣҶƽıӰ˵㣬˭ôѿƢǲСղǸԣǰ
ҶЦһµ㶼ĸɲˣôҪ˼ң
ҶƽЦֻ˵ֲŻһ²𣿡
ҶһʰһϵĶһЦŵ֪˭Ҫ⹤ɾûˣˣǵﲻ𣡡
Ҷƽ˳òôܾĹ
ҶʰöҶƽˣܾˣֵĸֳùҽԺأղĻ֪ô룬Ѿܾüˣ㲻ӣҲˣȥɣҪˣҾ͵ȥ
Ҷƽһھ㣬սȭͷݺݵص㣬Ҫ֪㣬ҸղŷǵɣʲôֳĶӣҲһƼҲǸƼˣ
Ҷ֪Ҷƽε£ҶƽĻƵܣ˵ʲôأǸƼ
Ҷƽ㣬һһֱû㣬ҸոձΪĵίίԱˣҲǸƼˣֳָҲǸƼƽ
Ҷû뵽ԼܻܵôõΣϾһֲŵı飬ӵܵϵӦģܵȻֵĵλôȴˣֵףأ
ܣˣϽҵʾһףأ˵ɣҪʲôҸȥҶбϵҶƽ΢Ц˵
ҶƽЦЦ˵ʲôﰡͷҲûʲôǮеǮҸСһ֣⻹е͸㻨ɣ
Ҷһ͸ˣ˵ܣյϹپͲ᷸ɣҲǸղμӹǮͣ


048 ͬѧ
˽ĻҶƽЦ֤ԼԲ᷸ĺˣȥʹ
е㻳ɵؿԼܵ񱩷ӣҶûнǮǴԼóһǮ˵ܣôǮﻹһǮûؼҽ裬үүٸһ֣ƽʱòŶǮԸһЩͲҪˣյ٣ǧҪҪʲô󣬼ʹǼûǮҲ𣿡
Ҷƽһˣ֪ͲǮˣֻð֪ҶһʱŴͣû뵽ԷôǮһӾ͸ǮǴ
ͽ˵һĻҶƽĹæҲٴţȻ㲻ҪǮҲͲˣֽһЩǮؼȥ
뿪ҽԺҶƽž׼ȥûжԶͻȻǰīɫ۾Ӷס·׻˵ùûô⣬ȥȴĶסȥ
ʲôҶƽоԷҪҲˣԼسûʲôˡ
Է°ͣЦСͦܵİǲǷ᣿
һԷԲѷҶƽŭҲ˵ùҲʶǣ
ԷһӹҲס־ҶƽȥԷȻˣҶƽǣԼĸף˶Ȼ򲻹˻治
ԷִҶƽһץסԷֻ֣һԷһʱվסˤ˸ʺһһҶƽˣҲæŴ
һϣҶƽҲûңɽ߹ȥͰ˸ڵأһֵ˻վҪһ˹ȥϣݺݵصǲҷ㣿
سôһСطôãˣˣΪҶƽҲڵϻģѣϻģֵǽԣ
ҶƽûлشĻǵ۾ʵҲʶǣΪʲôҪҵ£
Ǹȿ˿ȻתͷһطȥҶƽ˳Ŀ⿴ȥû壬Ա߸һ˿Ⱦܣŷ˾Ȼڽ칫ҿӡ
Сӣ׷Լ㣬ȻôͶԼºˣҶƽָȥķʵǲҵģ
µͷҶƽͷŹ˵ԩ޳СΪϷѵűңڵϻģþһֲ֣ˣǾò𣿡
ڱˣû˵£ҶƽĻ֮һͷ˵ô
ʵˣԼ£Ҷƽͻ˻˵߰ɣҪҿǣ
˼æ׼ȥûͻȻǰһˣæص磡
ҶƽȥֻһϤӰԼǰҲһī첲¼һֻɫƤҡڵ·ϣһ־ģ
˽Ƶ̧ͷĿһ۾Ϳ˺ҶƽҶƽȻҲϳͬ۾ŶԷ
ƽôЦǺǵ˹Ҷƽ
ҶƽҲЦҶû뵽㣬˵˰
ҶǺǵЦʲôðǻڷԶѣ˵ﵱСɲϴѧͲϴѧǲһ
ҶƽЦҪǲѧڴѧҲҵ𣿡
ҶٺٵЦŵһһ˵ʲôûˣ˾ôһ£зܻȥ
ҶʮϳɵӣҶƽ̾׽ŪˣҶһڴСѧѧϰҲʮֵĺãΪԱ࣬ϲѧϵСѧ꼶ͲˣȻͳᣬܵس죬˵ˣѼķݶ·һ飬˺Ľԭһֱãһ滹ǷǳϤ
ҶҶƽļЦ˵ŻȻתС죬˸ղŷ飬æҶƽǸԭС죬ƽʱ涼ƺһ磬ڵϵĵλԶǸߣԲԵô
û뵽ĻôãҶƽͿС߹ʾǸ뵽ЩҲһʶ˻ǲҪ⣬ʶ
ҶһͨǹˣԺ󣬾ҶƽҪԷϻģˣûа취Ҷƽֻһһᣬһٻȥ
һС£Ҷ˼ˣҶƽ˵ģҶƽŴе֪Ҷ⼸سǾ£˲ٵĵ֣ԽԽȻ˲ٵĹĿ׬˲ٵǮڶسҲˣȻֻǵϵˡ
ڵҶƽоһֵģȻй⣬Ǽù£ҵ˻ԽԽ࣬ˤͷġ
룬ҶƽȰͷһЩǮתȥһЩ⣬ܱȾɱɱĺãҵķôϣһǾˡ
ҶЦЦ˵ƽҵȫһģйҵķɣҲԼĹأͲùˣ;Ϻúû죬ʲôҪҰæģ˵ͷҪ£Ҳæͬѧ׻Ͳö˵ˣ
Ҷ飬ҶƽҲ֪ģǼһһֱͣȻڻòˣǴǣֶ࣬ҲҰһôԿĻǼҡ
Ҷģͷһ㻰ȨģֻҪϷ飬˵һҾܸ죬سҲûʲô£ҽҽԺϰ࣬һֳָĶɧղҽ칫ˣ£ҵҽ㲻˵ϻŻһ£ɧҽ㣡Ҷƽѽ˵˳
ҽԺϰడ˵Ǽһ³ѧ°ˣСȥɧ㣬ҾͷҶظ˵
Ҷƽæ˵ʹãһˣҲʲô£
ҶЦЦûҽԺϰ࣬Ҫʲô£տŵ㣬ǼҾϢˣҪʱ䣬Ͱչһ£
ҶҶԺʿҶƽûȥԺҹҶֵģȴǳ÷ǳˮ飬ڻûҶ󣬻ȥԺȥһ£
ȺܹɵģӦʲô£ʲô£һģʱҲؼҿΪͷ£ֻҪΪ˺£˿϶࿴λϾͻߣǮҲûʲôãҶҲҪѧһͷԣҶƽҶ;һֱڵϻ졣
⻰ҶЦ˵ãǵûٺã˲ö֪ˣһ˵˼άôתġ


049 
Ҷ극һ죬ҶƽͻصȥصʱѾˣ·ˮվʱǿǿ֪˵Σ֮顣
վձͬһڣҶƽȥ֮ͺģȻܴ󸻲ͬ⽫ȥⲢӰ֮Ľ
ǿȻ飬ǱϵѣҶƽΪʲô£һ£ǿ֧֧ʵûҪһ¡Ҷƽһ֪ˣֻðʵ˵˳Ҳ֪ܴΪʲôͬ顣
һ˵꣬ǿǺߵصƽⶼձԵʣҶ˵ˣڲǰ˵˻Ҽͬҵȥ˵ˮվ벻ңȴǲҵȥ
벻ԭձڵҶƽײܴûͬԭǿˮվˣҪȻҪձ˼ձͬ⣬ܴȻǿҪҪձһЩӵġ
ձʵǱȽϿɶ񣬲һֱȥǿȥ죬СҪʲôʱ
ǿ˵˰컰ҶƽͻȥˣʱҪʲôֻҪлƼȥģĻǿǷǳмΨҶƽհˡ
һڣҶƽȥܴ󸻵ķĴԽԽ࣬ڴһµ״̬ȻǲĸԸڴߴŲܴŰ취ְ񣬷ʱһû˰ˡ
ֹ˼죬ܴ֪ͨίԱٿ飬Ҹо⣬Ҷƽ²ǲְ£֪ô
ҪҶƽ֪ͨʱٿ飬еĵίίԱˣҶƽȻҲμ˻顣
֮ҶƽͷԪɫܲÿ֪ǣڴ֮ǰΪְ飬Ѿٿһǰ칫оˣȻ֪ͨģǾȴǲ֪ǰ칫ϣܴ󸻾˲ƵЭȥְοЭһְȻβ
һ⵽ԪǿҷԣЭһְпޣھǼְ˲ȥκȨĿЭһְžǰ˲Ƶְ޷ܣΪ˲ƵĿɽܲԼ̬ȡ
ܴȶҲǹˣȫȥ˲Ƶְ񣬲һţǿ϶ǲеģְô࣬ȥҲûʲôðŵģ뵽пЭһְڵó˲ƵΣԪǿҷԣеǲˬ
ǲˬǲӰ쵽ֵģ뵽ǣԪʾԺΰҲűʾˣ֪£ΰԪվһˡ
һǷԣÿɷȻֻȫǼ֧ģһǰ칫ʹﲻͳһܴȻίһ֣־棬ûǿоģԪϾ糤ʹò޳ɣٵܹܣǿҷԡ
£ֻܴİ취Ȼ˲ƵοЭһְУôһ˲Ʊ˽ܵĵֻҪ˲ƱȽˣ˾ǷҲûá
ⷽһӲʩֶΣʱ֣þˣЭֹһʱĲռһЩйزϵ⣬˲ƲҶƽʵ飬γһݱ棬˲ܴ󸻵
ݱ棬ܴ󸻾Ͱ˲Ʊ˽йݱǰһţɫʲô˲Ļ̻̣ȻԪ֧λӲȣĲܴŰ취˵˵ã·ߵ⣬ôЭġ
ı棬Ͼð˺ʲôܴ󸻾ֱӶ˵ϳô£Ҳ㴦ˣϣְܴҴְ׼㵣糤ίԱЭΰֹܽͨͬⲻͬ⣿
˲һͷûй糤һְ糤뷨޾ݣǹؼǺǾ仰ģǾίԱ˵൱쵼ˣȵβʱļҪһ㡣
һʱû£ͷܴ󸻿ӣֱ˵ҪǲͬǾˣȥɣ
ܴ󸻹ȥڸʩѹûˣͬ⣬ǱǿȥĲְίһ֣Żһ
˲Ʋֱܴ󸻶ԿȥĻʧȥǾпܺĪڲܴ󸻷в֮󣬱ס˵ǣһӵίİţ
˲ͬԼܴ󸻵¶ЦݣνʶʱΪܣһԿǲκγ·ġ
Ԫ֪֮Ǻܲˣ뵽˲ѾӦܴˣյõһҲǲˣֻ÷ԭ뷨ܴͬ󸻵ĵ
ԽٿĵίʵϾһʽԪȻŸҲûбʾԵҶƽȻԸβһְҪӲܴ󸻵ģȻܷʲôԵ
ίῪԺ󣬵ί֪ͨˣҶƽŴӡ·ģ˲Ʋٵβһְת糤һְȻǰûְλǲܴͻ룬Ȼܽ⣬Ҳı졣
͵βһְ֪Լڵ˲һְǷǳ˵ģһɨҶƽεĻسǰ
˲Ȼ糤ûʵȨ˵ЭֹܽͨҲһʽΰȨ𣿿϶ܡ
ҶƽӦµı仯ϲԺҪ򽻵¶ǲܴ󸻷ԸģҲô
һӣǰʱڵ·˽迨շεж飬ӵȺھٱֲ廹˽迨շѵ⣬㷴絳ί鴦
յݴ֪ͨҶƽȥҲܴ󸻻㱨ܴ󸻾ǩҪõ飬žķ
ǩԺҶƽ֪ͨȥԪǩ˵ڱøܴ󸻿ԺԪ
ԪȻˣҲûа취ܴǩǩΰ˲ˣڷֹⷽĹȻ鴦
õǩ֮Ҷƽվͽ֪ͨΰ˲ʵˡ
һļΰ֪ģϴӵ֪ͨûô죬ֻһкʱҪˣеĴкеĴȴûк忴ûкǱĴ廹ð죬ǴӴȴǲð졣


050 ݱ
ɫãҶƽΪˣϢͷĹԽ졣
ҶƽĵĻ۾ģҶƽĿиһ飬һʮְģҶƽҶ࿴¿ƲסԼС
ƺܿҶƽڵ˼Ӱ칫ǰվСߵҶƽߣ尤úܽεε˵ƽһϢһˣ
ҶƽҷԼ飬ȥɷ㣬ҪϵҰ
˽һ˿ȥ·˽ͻȻ洳룬һ۾ͿһĻӣװûæ߿ˡ
һڣҶƽеᣬ㼱æԳ㣬ҳȥе£ȻȥϢɣ
Ťӣֿ˿ҶƽȻ뿪칫ңϢȥˡ
ߣ骴ȴһ͵ˣҶƽһЩ죬ǲ˭ˡ
һ칫ң骾ЦŶҶƽҶΣݹ¡
Ҷƽо֣ǲʲôˣǸ˱Żŵ߹ƽӣ̣˵㵱ˣæ£
Ҷƽ˵Լ̣Լ̶죬̵Ǽ٣ϤƣֵСʱ򻹵ңһأڶôˣ
ҶƽЦЦĸģ
˱Ǵģ㻹ǵòʱСܲǵˣ
һ֣ҶƽһӻˣСѧʱ澭ȥ壬ǱȷʵиԼ豾ҵý㣬˵Ӧ̣ǰӦˡ
̣ҼˣôûȥǼˡ֪֮Ҷƽ骸˵ˮ¡
˲ΡΡȻ˵ȽŲˣҲ߲ˣڻðɣ
Ҷƽ骵õˮŵǰЦأҲаɣ
̾˿ˣ˷ʪȽŲˣڼ͵ˣ
ũ˵˲ǾһĪĸ˵Ҷƽǳͬ飬ȻԼҵݹϵ̫׽
̣ڼú̷廹ðɣҶƽʺһ䡣
ҡҡͷҲˣʱ׳øһͷ¿ƵģҲˣ⻹ʰ
һϾͲˣҶƽ̾һ£˵ǾͶڼú壬ũǼɣǶϢ
һ⻰۾ͺ·ҪģҶƽæ̣ʲôˣ
˿޿ص˸ˣסҽԺµҪ
һ˸ˣҶƽһæʵ̣׷ʲôˣ˭ģ𣿡
˾ͿߵǴ˴ģ첲ˣҽԺҲûǮβǹܶܣȥɳҲʣ˵˽ˡ
ձĸձҶƽԴ֪ģû뵽ԼҵݣǼƽʱʵˣΪʲôᱻˣ
Ҷƽ£˾ͰѾ˵ˣԭ˵һӴһĿͻһũóͷڣ˴ͷô迨շѵ˸סˣҪǮ
֪£·ˣﻹշѣȻԸ⣬˵ĶԱ˵飬Ͼ˼ģҲǱˣ˵ʲôҲӦյġ
˸˶ӵӣҪղɣ˫ͳձĶӸˣڴһԣ֮һ£Ҫǿˣǿһŵæˣ˵ĶӾͷ߷߲ƽ˵䣬ձĶӾǰˣȫף첲۵ûгֻ֣ȥЩˡ
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˿ȥû˰취뵽Ҷƽϰ࣬˵˹٣ӣæһ£ҽƷʲôľˡ
˰꣬Ҷƽİͷ迨շѵ飬ҲѾӵٱܴڰΰ鴦ȴշѣһȻˣʵûˣѵɳ˲
Ա£ûж˵ʲôֻߵҶƽǰСصƽձأСһ㣡
ҶƽһۣǳмѣձڴͷܺУܴ󲿷ձҲйϵҪǸö̫ձ֪ˣǻ᲻ãʹҪæҲҪСһЩ
룬Ҷƽڰ칫ֵ°࣬ԼȥԺȥһȿһԼƣȻپô졣
˿Ҷƽǳ£ǸжϾҶƽ֮ݹϵЩԶǶûˣһҵܰԼ£Ǻѵõġ
ȥ˰칫¥ձôǰ˹ɨһۣû˵ʲô˹ȥСƺˣǲȻڵ˵Σʵ飬СŰ취ֱԪǩ֣ȻõȥˣڲܴҲһֻ۱һֻۣû֧Сǰֲĺܡ
ҶƽҲûֱ˹ȥȻԺ̵Ĵ£һ䲡һˣı硣
ûҽֻǸĨһҩˮϴǮҽԺԸ
ֲ״Ҷƽæ߳ȥһ˵ķãҵʱҶȣҶһ̧ͷҲ㾪ϲؽеƽ磬ô𣿡
ϴҶһ֮󣬻ûüڿһʿñŰСӣԽˮϲҶƽóʱûˣûϳǰҶ
ȣϴسǼˣ﹤ôҶƽǰһĵһ䡣
ҶȵһͷЦЦɣҶҽԺã㵽ǲ£
Ҷƽиݱ˴ˣסҽԺˣҰҩѣԺڲڣ
Ҷȳһ˵Ҳ֪Ҫȥһ
ҶƽȣȥտһҵǸݣȥԺһ¡
Ҷ̴ӦҪǼ䲡ȥҶƽȽһǮҽԺȻ͵¥ԺԺ
־յԺԺһ࣬Ȼ𲻸ߣֵȴǹʮˣҽԺһҲǲ٣ԺСǹúģĸɲҲнûҶƽԺԺһ˵Ҳ絳ίֱԺ˳һЩȨȽϴɲ⣬һĸɲҲǲġ


051 Ƚ˳
ҶƽߵҽԺ¥Ķ㣬һдԺҵӣ˹ȥûߵ칫ǰ˵ȥڴΡ
еܺ棬ҶƽӿŲſһ칫ҵŲûйأֻһŰ칫ϣһСʿЦϣһֻʵǰ档
ҽԺСʿڵ飬ҶƽǸеʮֵΣһµģǶԷѾǸСʿߺæܿˣɫҲе΢죬ܿЦ˵ҶΣʲôˣ
ҶƽЦǴ磬ԺڿǴ氡
Цȥûа·ϣҶƽһεĵΣҲˣ¾ҶƽҲûʲô˭û£
Ҷιǲ£´绰˵һ𣬻鷳ԹһˣкҶƽ£һ˵
ҶƽͰԼݱ˴˵˵һæҸҽһչһ¡
һҶƽݱ˴סҽԺǷǳӵģ㵱Ҷƽ棬ֵҽȥˣҽӹ绰Ժ͸ûǮˣһ̧ͷҶƽһµҶΣݼͥǲǲã
ҶƽһӾ֮˵ҽƷҸոհﲡ˽ͥЩãǲǷҽƷѵģ
Цһ£ȻͶһҽҵ绰תͷЦŶҶƽҶΣôԽҽƷѣǷǮͽûǮˣݣ
ҶƽѾӸղŵĻʵ˼ֹ˵Ļ޷һĺöѣ棬ǷŲǮˣ»˵ˡ
ЦЦҶƽʾһлȻҪȥվҶΣͱˣǵһ𣬺һ
Ҷƽ˰ֵǱ߻£ؿˣ㣬¾鷳ˡ
æЦ˵ʲô鷳£ⲻӦ
ҶƽЦЦûٺ˵¥¥Ժֵ￴һҽȻˣǰȥοһԼı磬Ȼ˽һˣʲôȲҪ롣
οԼı֮ҶƽֺҶȴһкȻɳȥ
ɳûдҶƽɳ֮󣬿ûʲôˣֵֻԱǰȥڲڣ
Ҷƽһ̬ȣֱ¥ȥһҶƽкҲߣغȵǸʲôģ˭ȥģ
ǳҶƽɫ˵絳ҶƽҪǻղˣǲ˵ڻȥɣ
û뵽ǰ˾ȻĵΣЩԱȻɳʵӦܣǷʣǲʶҶƽƽʱָʹˣҶƽɵµͨȺˣҪ㰮ģû뵽˶
¥ϣҶҸͨһǳǸԱ̶Цǰ·Ҷƽȥƾ
һ¥ϣҶƽ¥˶ӵ֪ڸʲôԱ˹ȥһֻڻƾ칫һƬкü˿ˣǰһӵǮǾȻڶĲ
ƾô￪ʱʶҶƽ˷ܵţһתͷҶƽͻȻſڣ㲻ɵվҶΣôˣ
ǰĳҶƽһ£ǿЦ˼ˣǵģˣ
ͻȻתȥԸƬ̵ʱ䣬ƾһҪߣ֪ҶƽǿƣһʱûӦҪȥ
ƾסƵҲվٴˣҶƽһŷ֣ǰƶļϰ壬ǴʲôƺҲ׽͸ˡ
ƾһҶƽʲô£Ҷƽûиʱµ˼𣬻ǰԼ类ձĶӴ˵˵һ飬ϣܱһ
ƾ֮˵ҶΣȻݣð죬ͷҰżԱȥһˣ˽һôô㿴ô
˵Ҷƽûзܵ˼Ҳ̶ˣũ˿йϵͻֹϵʵҲһô£ɳǻṫƽġ
ҶƽЦЦæƾʾлƾ˵ί쵼ָʾˣɳܲ
ƾһ˵ҶƽæʾҵȻЦ֣ٴʾлƾҲûԷ֮Ͱˡ
뿪ɳҶƽеܿģ⵱ϵ벻ϵξǲһûϵ֮ǰ£Ҳû˼Ժģ˼Ժϼ
ԺҪЦӭڴӦҽҪɳԼ絳εĻǼԱ¥һƾƾӣӦ
һӾͽô⣬鵱ȻǷǳĸˣȻŮʿ顢ƾͱɳƵĳʱʱԺ֣︡ⲻӰĽҲܲ˼ҵ£ȥЩҲûá
صҶƽȥΰε·˽迨շѵһֱڰ죬ȻЭһЩ飬ΰûЭڷΪշѶ˵飬ùһʣ쵽ʲôˣͷҪء
ΰİ칫ң˲棬ҶƽϲÿҶƽʵ³Ϊ˵һɣټҶƽûʲôЦˣڵ糤ҲٿλӲȵ飬Ҷƽ̬ȣͲҪ̫ĿǣҶƽ߽֮ؿҶƽһۣȻΰкˡ
Ҷƽ߽ΰһ˵ҶΣң
ҶƽԱߣ˵糤ﶽ·迨շ£ôˣһҪ칫أ
Ҷƽ£ΰﲻˣֳܱ˵㿴дǵģﷴӳҺ˲һȥˣûзӳЩ飬Ǹղž飬㰴㱨ˣ
ΰ˵ĻǳԾΪոշ̵ĶӱձĶӴ˵飬ȴ˵ûȺڷӳЩⲻ˵Ϲ


052 
糤İɣһΪӴ˽迨շѵ±˴ˣڻҽԺô˵ûзӳЩ飬ȥͷٽӵٱǽҶƽһ£ֱԲ˵
벻Ҷƽ˵ΰ̧һͷʵ˵ǵʲôʱ£ô֪д£
ҶƽûжʮСʱӴڻ˽շѵ飬ˣҪ㱨ֹΥΪ
㱨˵㣿ûвǵͬ⣬㱨Ĩ磿ҶƽĻΰɨһۣ˵
һΰ⸱ӣҶƽﺮһ£ղֻ봦£û뵽滹Ÿӵ飬淢õ飬֪Ѵ迨շѻ˵鱨϶ȫͨǲͳԶˡ
ܴ֪£϶ǲͬϱģʱΰ͸˲ܴ󸻵˼Ź˵еһѹ
ΰ׷ʣҶƽȻеѹ̾ͶˣΰԺ϶С˵ϸҪžģڷ£ǲӦֹ
Ҷƽһӻر£ת£ҲòܴѹΰﲻЦһ
ȴ˵ֹȻӦֹû˵ֹֻ㱨ѵҪ㱨˵ǲβ˴˵飿
ΪŲܴ󸻵ĴڣҶƽΰץߣֻٴλر⣬˵ӦղǵҪֹסĴڣҪǻ㱨
ΰƳһ۵㣬ûֹǻ㱨
˰ΰɶûһ٣ҶƽܲܣоԼеۣЩǷȱ˵ʲô˵֮ǰһҪҪΪ鼱Ա
ֻ뿪ΰİ칫ңȥΰЦ˼ոεĵΣȻĹǿ
ϣֻ¥һӰ´£ձձֵкſˣĿΰƾ˲ƵˣｻȵòֺһֱʮӲɢȥ
Ҷƽص֮ûܴ󸻻㱨£ȵɳĵ鴦ܴ֮󸻱棬ڱûݣʳˡ
죬Ҷƽ˵ƾȷʵԱˣǵһֱûгǱ߻ǵţҽԺסҲסˣķҲˣҽԺֲҩˣûа취ֻȻؼȥ
̵ĶӳԺؼˣҶƽͦܵģｻһǮӦţҽҩѲţһ߾Ͳˡ
̵Ķ˵ĲأؼžͻؼŰɣͿɳδˡ
ֹ죬Ҷƽ̲ס绰ƾʣ״ôˣôҲšͨ绰֮󣬻ƾһӵĵ绰˵ҶΣǸµˣҪβСϣǸ˼ңȻСƲס໥˴ģˣСҲסԺֱץˣǵ˼ˣ˭Ҳ˭
СձĶӣС壬ҶƽһֱӴת㾪ʵǱ˵ģôסҽԺˣˣ
ƾ˼Ժ֤д֤֤ݵҲȫСģԼˤ˵ģҲԺ֤˲һǵȻɳҲҪչһµģҲǲǣСסԺ˺üǧǮҪݸ⳥أݻ˶Ҳˣҿ¾ɣ˭Ҳ׷˭ˣڻ£ȹˣ
ƾ˵껰ֱӹҵ˵绰Ҷƽʹվûлعʲô£Ӧ̰õģھʹӣ˼һǿԼӣ׷̶ӵΣӶ󰡣
ô˵ģҶƽˣŭˣǰ׵ĶڱɺڵˣǺڵĶڱɰ׵ˣԼǰ̬ʱȴ˵ôãˣµ
Ҷƽһ룬ֱܴ󸻵İ칫㱨£øһҲˣϰհ첻ʵ£ʲôã
ܴ󸻵İ칫ңΰİ칫һΰͲܴС˵һ䣬Ȼתȥˣܴ󸻾к
칫ҶƽͰѴڻ˽迨շѵԼձĶӴ˵˵һ飬ڱҵҪȻͻᵽϷá
ҶƽĻܴȻ֪һЩ飬ʵɳûУ
ҶƽȥɳˣɳȻ˵βձĶϣǻŹˣ˭ҲǷ˭ģ̻ߣڵ·迨շѱǲԵģڻˣҲ̫ˣ
ܴüͷһ˵˵ɳĲʵ
Ҷƽⱻ˵ҵһԶףסԺҽƷѻҸϵģҲʵܷɳ˵ձĶ˵ٻ֤˼֤ԺҲҸ֤ʵǿȥŰǵģ¾ˣҶԲסǣ
ڲܴǰҶƽͱҪάһ̬ȣܴ󸻿˿룬Ȼ绰˻ƾ
ƾʱձһƣӵ绰֪ܴʲô£ֻýͨ󣬲ܴ󸻾ֱӶ˵ƾ£ǣҶƽһݣúøһ£˼ǮģҪ˼ǮҪҸʲôã
һܴͻȻע£ƾͿ˿Եձ˵ǣǼȡ֤ˣ˼յĶӣôյĶǮ
ܴһԼǰˣСϷ̳˵˼ҶϷõˣҪǸǳ鷳β㣬Ǿֳ㣬㲻ùյ£Ǳţ
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ƾڴӦӦ֮󣬾Ϳ˿ձ˵һ£ձҲû뵽ܴ󸻻£е㲻ʱеĴҲˡ


053 
ܴ󸻸ƾ˵绰ž͸ձ绰绰֮ͨ󣬱˵գ꣬׼·迨շѣô£ĻҲˣ
ձһӵܴ󸻵ĵ绰æС˵ǣ˭˵Ǵ廹迨շѵģȫûӰ£糤ȥüˣͣˣ
ܴ󸻺һ˵ǰʲôԻӴ˵£Ҷ֪ˣɳĻƾҲ绰ˣСҶݣҴˣ£ҰǸˣ㿴ܵģ˴˻˼ǮΪϴ϶úø˼Ǹ˵ҽƷѸˣ£ûУ
ܴ󸻴ձĵ绰Ҷƽ˺ܽھȱϾܴһ֣ǻƾձģִȨյĸоȷʵ޷ᵽġ
ձܴ󸻰һ٣ǮǸʲôģһٸԸ⣬ȷʵòԣܴ󸻵Ļ˲ܴ󸻣ǼҺܲڲܴ󸻾ϴ϶϶ҪϴģʲôǾҶƽϰɣһҶƽСܴ󸻻㱨ġ
ڲܴ󸻵ĸԤ֮£ձ⳥ҶƽһҽƷѣҲûǮû̵ǸǮӸǼҾˣ̿⳥ҽƷѾͲˣĸһҪ˼Ǹ
Ҷƽϣܴ⣬ҶƽеԲ߲δܵʹձڴǵλϣܴҲһ٣ûҪȥְ˼迨շѵҲû
ȻвҲûκΣֻһվȨλϣܰԼ־飬Ҫһ죬֪Ǻˡ
Ȱ¸ȥɣһˤͷģǲֻʱδѡ
Ҷƽһ飬ʹڰ칫￪ʼ˲ᣬ˴绰绰һӣһϤȴ벻˭ˡ
ҶƽôͰҸˣ洫һҶƽ⻰ϪôҴ绰
û뵽ϪԸ绰Ҷƽⷽ룬û˭ǵˡ
ϪصԺ󣬰ȥҶƽүүְһ˵İְҲǸƽǳĸˣҶƽүүһˣټһ棬ԲһԸ
ְ˵ʵԼҲҶƽһˣصԺһ뵽ҶƽȥС̯Էĳ͸еޱȵȤ֪ôģеҶƽһʱǳĿ֣㲻ԼǲϲҶƽˣʸоټҶƽǡ
һգֱӴ绰ҶƽҶƽû뵽ܰѵ绰򵽰칫֪ĵ绰Ҳޱȵļ
Ҷƽôģһܸ绰˰˵ҪϵҪ˵ԾͱϵˣҶƽĻϪװ˵ӣ
ҶƽæǫҲ˼û뵽绰һʱͷԷɣ˹ͷ˵˺㲻ҪⰡ
ϪһЦҸ绰ôˣ
ҶƽЦСطܽӵ׳ĵ绰׳ܲǵĶžǵģ
ϪǺǵЦһµУҶƽҷҲԽԽ컬ˣʱû
ҶƽæЦʵʵ˵٣Ҫǲţҿ԰ͳ㿴
ףгЩˣҰְרŸ绰үүһˣؼҺүү˵˵һ£ҶƽĵĻϪסеļת˵
һΪ绰ҶƽһؼҸүү˵˵ϴүүȥһȥٻؼȰ˵һԡ
ϪһҪүүһˣҰְֻ᲻˵ģүүҪǲԸȫҽܶԱһȫԡ
û뵽Ϫô飬ҶƽЦôҪǶȥˣ·ҲűҾүүȥɣ
ҪǾһɱʧϪҶƽʩѹ
Ҷƽûа취˵ҵţȫԱүүȥǣθôЩˣ
绰ͷķϪһ⻰ͻȻʵҶƽֻ
û뵽Ϫô˵ҶƽеϷȣͲʹԳԵص⡭⣬ҲˣǼҶǳǲǻѧ
ϪЦЦǰ֮ҿԴ㵽ѧУһߵķ羰ǲġ
Ҷƽ֮˵ǸãྩѧĿеʥذֻһӿҲûлᵽѧˣ
ϪЦЦôûУڲǱ𣬿ԿооͿԵѧ𣿡
ҶƽΪѵྩѧоѿҵӢﲻУ¿ϣ
ϪЦһӢﲻУҿ԰㣡
Ҷƽôң
ϪҿϰӢﰡ
ôᣬҶƽͻȻоϪرĺãе㳬ͨѵķΧˣ˼ԾǵĴ󻧣Լô룿
лл˷ϪȥǾֽһҶƽѹһеļϪ
үүһҪҶҲأҪдգȥУҶ֪˵ˣɲʧˣҪϿˣȹ˰Ϫٴ󣬽žҪҶϵ绰
Ҷƽ˵ãȻ鼤عҶ˵绰Ҷϵ绰Ժ󣬾ԭΪϴμҲһлټϪˣЩܾܿǿ׻û뵽ֱӸ绰ҴӻпԼЩϲˡ
˵ţ֪ʲôʱϴỨ˽󣬳Ѿߵǰ˵ƽ٣
Ҷƽӣǳֵ㣬ôˣ۾ôô죿
ܣֻ٣
Ը˵ҶƽҲǿ˵˵㣬Ҫʲô¾ͺ˵ҲһܰæǰǿԵģڲ˵Ҳ㣬Ҫ٣ɣ٣ʲô»˵Щ
ֻǵ˵ͷûжҶƽ˵ʲôȻתˣıӰҶƽ˼ǲʧˣ뵽Ф˵Ļǲ˳׷ˣ
뵽Ҷƽ͸оФʵǲôģʸ֦˼Ҿֳǧ̸ȴ̸̸ָȥⲻ˼˲㲻


054 Ц
ҶͻȻ绰ҪԷҶƽе֣ȥҲԼĿͣϣ¿һҷ꣬ɸƵȥȻְǿϣ칫ߴĸһȥԶٷ
ҶԶٷȻ˵һ˵Լ飬ǵ˾Ƶ֮ŷҶƽֽˣҲû취˵ʲôˣҶƽк໥ʶһ¡
骵֪ҶҶƽͬѣǳĵкǿҶȺҲʶһ¡
ŮԱߣǿеЩţԭʶȻ֮һԷ骴󷽿ʣʱ˵˵ЦЦеŮǰȱһš
Ҷ֮ȻȥûôƯţҲˣҶ࿴
Ҷƽ̹ȻкŴңҲ۲һ£ǿڻûжҶҲû̸ѣһ𣬵ǱȽʺϵһԡȻǿһֱжӣ۹ȽϸߣŲǿ
骶ҶƽгһԷﵱȻǺܸˣ칫ͷеһǸƨҶƽϲҦΰ䵭ģҲҶƽֻͳҶƽߵýϳûڼңȥسˣֻҶƽһԷ
ҶƽԽԽ뵳εĽɫˣ骶ԽԽݣ֮ǳʱֲϽҶƽȴӲ¶ﲻ֪ô졣
˵ҲϴСˣĸҲڴҶں˲ôĺҵģʧȥˣǾûˣϾŮôԼϲкӱ¶ļ
Ҷƽ骿ֻԴӷϪֹԺѾˣܵĹ飬ǣŮ⣬Ǿͻ壬ѹȥⷽ£ڹлܶʡһЩġ
ҶȿҶƽ¶ҲֳݵȻҶĴ磬˿ûгݹΪҵɣĸ鷳Ҷƽ絳ίϰ࣬߸ϣ𾴵ĺã
ҶƽǲԵһٱ㷹ҲҶһģԺĹǿȽƣձ֪ҶƽҪȥ֮󣬶ǲˣڰгҲǰƣ޷ĿģԳǿһ⣬ûôȾơ
ұ߳ԱģƽʱҶƽô˵ģĳϣ˵ˣΪĹ󣬴Ҷ˵ǸоãôһϹ٣͸ͻȻ˶ƵģҶǿ˵ˡ
ҶƽЦǿҽЦǿƽʱҲ˵ЦеΪѣλŮǰ¶һݳѸո־ϿһСЦ˳˵һС¿һ¿ΪɶԸɲݣţٶҪԾϣ¿̾үǱȲˣǿȳԷ˼ǿظԷ
Ц̣ܶû꣬ǿԼЦЦԼЦˣЦһǺܿЦȻ֮޶Եؿˣ
ǿֹסЦˣ
û˼骵ص
ҶȴǾ˼Ц࿴ǿۡҶƽɨһۣǿЦֳϲˣ骾˵ʲôظԷ£ⲻǹ˼ظƽҶȵǲƽȥ˵ĺܡ
ҶƽЦЦǿ㽲Ц̫ˣλŮǰʣһЦ
ǿߺƽҾͲˣҸոտģԾͽ˳ɣ
˿ҶƽЦðɣҲһЦЦֻ£˭¶нвУ
Ļһ꣬骾Ц˵ðð֪ҶҪʲô
Ʒٸ˵ҽꡣҶƽЦЦȻ󽲵˵һ˫ֵ̥ǳʹ޶ԷΪʲôްΪ˾̺ȣ˱˴˶öԷûã˾һӣϴ϶ȵ˶϶ϴȵҲ˶ڶ죬ǲ˭ȹˣ
ҶƽЦûЦⲻʲôЦһⰡֻӵĻ骺Ҷе㲻˼ǿظʲôĻҪס
Ҷƽʻ˳˼һǿȿ˵ϴµĶӦ϶ȹˣ
ҶƽЦҶ룬ڵƽ磬ЦҲû˵˭¶ͬʱһ̡Ȼһأ
˵ҶȵϾͺǿסŬЦҶƽȴҡͷЦԣ
⸴ˣǿҶ벻ֻ骻룬˰һתͻȻһӣеҶƽ̫ˣ
ҶƽǺһЦôˣˣ
ǿҶôҲһ뿴֪𰸣һʣ骷ŤŤزԸ˵Ƶ󣬲һ˵ϴȹˣҲ϶ȹˣһˣǵİְȹˣ
ΪʲôҶŴ۾е㲻ص
Ҷƽ̲סЦǿһ룬Ҳˣ̲סЦߺ˵ҲЦͣҶȴӣͻȻҲ׹Ϻ˵أɬЦ
ƽ磬̫ˣҸ绹ûµҶɫ糺ؿҶƽЦ
ҶƽЦֹ˵ЦЦҲҪЦˣղֻ骴ˣ˵ҪʲôƷ
ȥҶƽҲŲҪĽƷأȻ϶˵һ˶ţûؼҺȥҶƽһۣĵȥʲôƷˡ
ҶƽЦ骣ʲôʱѧˣ
һ⻰ϴλվҶƽϾʹ˹ȥЦһţᶼЦˡ
һЦЦôЦ˲ӣЦ֮ҶƽʹҲȣҸеܿģû뵽ҶƽôὲЦӸְ
һԾҲٺˣһЦйҽԺԺСʿĹ£ݵоЩݣȻҲǺܿЦҶȴǲˬĬĬûЦ
֮󣬾û˽ˣȻǳԷ극֮󣬴ҾɢȥҶȴǽסҶƽҪ˵仰
һҶר˵ҶƽǿˣҶһԺȥһһ飬һҲǰȫ͵Ժ
Ҳ֪ҶȻ˵ʲô£ںһȥ·ϣҶƽʲô飬Ҷȳһ£˵һЩǳ飬϶ʱֳŭı飬ӦʮֵĴ


055 
ҶƽҶ·ϣҶȶ϶һʮ־ȵʵԺɧҽԺŮʿŮʿĻ̻̣Ҳɧźüˡ
һŮʿһ飬ҶƽӦԸģԸȻҲʣϾɧ˼ңҶ˵ǾͲԸ飬ǹɧ˼ңŮʿԷźˡ
Ҷȱ¸Ҷģ֪ҶƢ֪ˣ׼һ˰һ٣ˣǾǵòʧҶƽȥԺȥ;¸Ҷƽ˵һ˵æ
õĽ취ǽԺٴ֪ҶƽûֻҶƽæһܲɧ
ҶȵĻҶƽҲǲ֪ôԺԺûȨ˼ңֱ˵£һϣҲûа취º϶Ҷȵ鷳Ҳǲá
뵽ӦҶҪչ˺ãҪһµģ»ܸҶҶƢˣ϶ҪεģϣҶȵ뷨һ¡
룬ҶƽҪ»㱨ܴ󸻣ɧŮʿŮҽΥ͹涨ͨǱȽ׵İ취
ԺҶƽȥϼŮʿдһţȻٽܴ󸻣òܴǩ󲻸
ҶȫҶƽȥԺϼͬ£дţȻҶƽС
ٱţҶƽֱҵܴ󸻣Ҫ˵ܴ󸻱Ҳ̫ӣϾٱһ⣬Щܾǲ׽Ӱȥ鲻ʲô˵гˣŮ֮ĹϵҲû̫£ûе˵ֱӾٱһ㲻дġ
ǡǡʱܴ󸻶Ժܲ⣬˵ԺĹòãҲ˵Сͷֲһìܡ
Ҳʱ䷢£ܴһ˵ԺΪԺĸԺ˵ԺȨҲ֣絳ίûֱġ
ǵ뷨ֽЭʱȴͬ⣬Լѡһ˲ܴ󸻣ԺȻֹܣȴĵϣڴֱ֮ǰҲ絳ίȻûȨˣǻܹԺֱ֧ٿ絳ί飬ʱҶƽҲμˣоΪԺ飬ȻҪͬ飬ȨĿǣĵίԱԪҲû飬ͬԺ󣬾Ͱȫ˵Ժ
ûеõֳϵģԺûжԿ絳ίȨȻˣҲû취ֻܾǸܴ󸻵һݰһ칫ңûֹʲôһȨ״̬
òܴ󸻷ǳջ𣬰йȥѵһ٣ȥԺ󣬱Ű취⣬һԺѣвûҪܴ󸻰ѹϵˡ
־ǳٳٲ絳ίܴ󸻲ίˣһ仰Ʒ絳ίľǺ׵¡
Ϊ£òֵĹϵܽڲܴ󸻿˾ٱ⣬β£
ԽҶƽĻ㱨֮һ绰ͰѼͼ˹úòһ⣬ʵøʹ֣ͷְ񣬵ǵʹֵȨȴеġ
Ҷƽû뵽˳º뵽Ժ£ǴˣܴһӣͲܲȥ顣
˲ܴ󸻵ָʹżͼԱԺ飬ȻٱȴҪ죬һȰеһСѵһ٣ŵܿͳŮʿͨ顣
ûѶľͼίͰˣ֪ôȻģͷҪ£СԺҲǵýȡʩֹĴȹ
ܵԺҲͷģͷɧҶǸ˵ӣֵĸֳ
ֻ֮ܵ㱨£Ҳ˲ʲôӵˣֱӰ㱨һ顣
ֵĸֳҲɵۣͷͻȻ鷢һӾ뵽֮ìܣǲǲܴڹⱨ£ҪȻô뵽£
ͽŵڸԺϾͲҪ໥ԿˣǿѹͷߣΪһίʵƵĵλȥԺĹѸˡ
²һС£һֵĸֳܾģĽһŬ֮£ͬϲʽܴ󸻵ΪԺ
ܴ󸻿ύı֮󣬲ûмʱдǷ˷ţζԴ£ûãֵ쵼Դ绰ҪԷһ⻰ַ֪ˣĵϣҪȥԣûкùӳԡ
һƬｻ֮УֵĶԹڻ⣬ܴ󸻻󣬰й̸һ¾ˣʲôʽĴ֣Ӿˡ
һܴ˵Ȼ֪⣬϶ƽ˲ܴ󸻣ҲҪһھĴ֡
ϴ²Űƽ£ԺְŪˣһѵҲͣ˺óʱ䲻ٸȥɧŮʿʵࡣ
ҶƽҲΪͷʽģ鲻֪ܴ֮ˣȻûʽҲ˲ٵĴۣҶȵĿҲǴﵽˡ
ڴҶͬʱٻϰ࣬ϰʲôҲ˵ҶƽҲҶƽ֪ô£ǰʺһҲ˵˺Ǿġ
Ҷƽ²з£ⷽǲʣԳ˵ȻҲǲˣû뵽˰칫ֻˣͻȻߵ˵ƽһԷô
˵ˣҶƽЦŵ뵽ԣ
ȥô
ҶƽȥҲУҶҼһȥ԰ɣ
ȴǲͬһԣ
һԣҶƽһ£˵ǲʲô飿
һȥԣʱһ㣡
һ˵Ҷƽ룬˵ðɣʱǱ߳Աģûʲô˵£ʲô黹˵ȽϺã


056 ųԷ
˵ͷһǰһҶƽ߳˰칫ңɸ¥Ȼᣬֻڹдϣ˽ҶƽϲҸտľ¥Է
߽¥˾һСķѾʼñȽ䣬һܽ·ȫȻϵƤȴܸܵƤϵֵԣ۶
һۣҶƽ˼ˣȻŹϣһˮЦ⼸ôˣ׷ʲô飬ʲô˵Ǻܺ
ҶƽԼģǰĲ豭صһ룬һʱû˵ǵ˵ͷƺе
˵Ҷƽȥ׷ʣһСڵˮȻԼһԷ϶һЩģԲҪһ˵
ͷһȻ̧ͷҶƽ۾ѾˮһĻҶƽǲ֪ˣԼߣô죿
㣬㵽ôˣһǿ˰Ҷƽſ˫֣ûȥһʱһˡ
벻ǣһſ֣Ӿ͵㲻ֻ÷סһǵĻˡ
ŮԸ˵ϢһǿңҶƽŵԼһʱס˫ֲ֪÷Ķϴ¶ȣеȣһֶȼա
ͣһᣬҶƽŰطڳϰ㣬ǲФ֮£СЩȷʵòصǸⶫ޷ǿ壬Ҳ飬Ժ߸·˭ĺãԼĺòǱԷѷ˵ǲǣ
һҶƽֱᵽФУ޵øˣ˫ҶƽĻҶţҶƽȫô죿Ҷƽû취ˡ
һסԼҶƽĻżæҶƽĻſֳ
Ҷƽٴΰ̧ͷһۣ˵ղ˵ʲôţԼĺòܱԷԲԣ
Ҷƽ˵㣬ڿͨˣ
˵ͨʲôãŮѣͦõģȴʧôܱúã
⡭ҶƽܿһʱҪԺФȻҵͬѧһҲϿΪȻ˾ֳǧ𣬽δؾĺãȻʱʧ˭֪ԺͲҵһɾ
⻰Ȼ۾֪ˣ
Ҷƽæ˵Ҳ֪£ֻ˵ģҲȷ٣ΪǴԣڿģһѡ˾ֳǧǲǣ
ҧأ޺޵˵ҹúãҲúãƭңҲõô
⻰ҶƽееëȻФ泣Ҵ˶Ҳֳô˭ϣҲô
㣬һлǰһѵˣ£˵ǲǣҶƽȰ˵һ£ϣܻһФеԹ
صôʱ䣬һֱڹңҲôãһףֻ̤Ūң˼Ҿֳǧ𣿡
Ҷƽæ˵ФеĲԣһҲĻʧȥ㣬һҲѹո㵽ڵӣʵҲһıǲǣ
Ƴһ۵ͬѧȻΪ˵ǲǶֻ̤
Ҷƽֵ㣬ˣҲˣФ㽻ôʱ䣬ûǰᵽң˵ҵĹϵˣȻͬѧһһǶҲΪ绤ֻϣܴӰ߳
ҶƽĻ˵úϣǸжˣͻȻһֵĻ૵صƽллܳҳԷҶ֪һУʶͺˣ
⻰˵ãҶƽ֪˵ʲôˣФвʱϵİ֮࣬͵ϰ࣬Ǹʱ򳣷ڵ죬ǸʱûʲôӴ˵⻰˸档
㣬һжȥģСһ׮ˣǳԷɣҶƽԼĳеذ
̧ͷһۣЦЦĻͷ·ܲ˼Ƶģϲ˵˾ˣҶƽΣñ˿
֮ҶƽкųԲˣȻ˳㽲ЦģǽЦֽһʱЦû֦Ҳһ˫ֲͣشϣ˵ҶƽǺûҲǵģ뵽Ҷ벻
嶼ĳҶƽɨм䲿λһۣҲǺǺǵشЦֻҪˣФеǼ¹ƾܹȥˣŮ˻һȽܿÿŮˣ
ǺǷ㣬˰ɣ뾡Īʹ׿ն£ҪϵƣҶƽЦЦ㿴˵
ҶƽһۣЦðýƽƿơưɣ
˵⻰ҶƽȵģǻѳղˣֻþƵԱƿơơ
֮󣬳ѾƵϣȻָҶƽϾƣӾҪҶƽɱӣѵ¶ЦҶƽЦһơơ
һơ¶ǣ¶糺죬Ҳʼ֮󣬽žֵһһҶƽơơ
ҪŵҶƽæֹ㣬ˣҪȵ̫ˣҶܲˣҲЪһᣡ
۾ֱֱضǰľƿЦƽôɣơƶѣٺһ
ҶƽѾƿù˵㣬Ǿ⣬Ǻȵ̫ˣ
ȥҶƽеľƣ˵ҾһǧҺȾƵ𣿡
ӣҶƽ֪ûдʧ߳ղŲǼ棬ٿÿŮҲôʲôҲûУҪٿһ¡
룬ҶƽϾƣ˵ƿԺȣҪغȣ㣬ĻҲ˵ԼҪǧΪӣ
Ļ۾ֿʼú죬ҶƽذĹȥļϣ״˳һſϳ
ʵûа취ˣҶƽԼҿֻˣб˿֪˻ôΪϿ극ȥɡ
γ޵ñȸղŸģǽƽˣеĿȫһͷţͷϺȶ࣬ҶƽҲȾƣкԷȻһȥ
ҶƽôչǸж֮󣬱ҪҶƽһƣҶƽʹӦˣ֮󣬼򵥵سһ㷹˱һӾƵ߳ˡ


057 
ڶ죬ҶƽͽӵФдĵ绰æһ³볣׷ˣóǼרܵί칫ңһͨڶܵ쵼ٳʲô£ûˣ
Ҷƽһ˵ڲѾû𣬱˼ҳİµ˵С֪ˣϴһͨҺ˵˵ŰȰãںöˣǰһ٣Ųޣȶ
һҶƽȰˣФҲҶƽ£˵ƽ鷳ˣ֪ҲԣҲɼ֪;ߵˣ˭һõıλãҲô
ҶƽǺҲŲôأֻ̤
ФεЦЦ˵ƽһˣҲܸȣٰһ⻯⣬û뵽Ƣô󣬶ֵҰ칫֪Աѩ֪ô룡
Ф̾ӣҶƽЩԼһû̫õļͥ˼Ҿֳǧ̸Ҳ˸㣬ĵҲûʲôţŽֻ̤¾ֳǧͬ⣬ڹͬˣǳȴԸˡ
ҶƽӦȰȰǺƽ¸ˣͬʱҲף˼ҾֳǧϲԵФлҶƽĶˡ
Фд˵绰Ҷƽҡͷ룬ϳȻȥͨˣǽôҲûеװФæѺ÷ְɣ
ϵ±ȽæҶƽһʱûʱؼҺүү˵һ˵ȥǵ£ܴһȥزҪǮ˳ʽسˣ粦һ򳵵Ǯ̹ɣɽγֻв绹ûˣܴҵ˳ͬⲦһǮ򳵣ճøԪʹá
ǲҪǮ鵱ȻҪȥҶƽǵΣ򳵵黹ҪԾһȥسһˣһСһȥ
Ȼ˲ôڱӲܴ󸻵Ļһ¸ˣ˱һسǣҵһС˵㷹ȻһزҾµԱҪǮ
յϲزֵĹϵ죬Ȼǹ£ǹϵҲð죬ҶƽСһͬѧſزϰ࣬ȻŵСңվͬѧſ쿴ʶ˳̬Ҳתˡ
һִ¥棬ûҶƽȥֱ徭µˣǼ֮ȴǲǵӣνëûһ٣һ¸飬˼Ҹʹظˣ
Ȼǽʵĸֻ֣ܻ˵ķУû˵Ҳûã˾͸ǮûҾֳȥ
ǹˣ˳ǩͬ飬˵ûȻЦҲûãҶƽͼæȥſ
ſزְ칫ҹǾ쵼ߵˣҶƽҵſһ£Цӭ֪Ҷƽ˳֮йϵ̬תˡ
ҶƽǸµˣڳ¸ô죬ſ߹󣬾ͶǸµ˵Ǯسǩ֧ͬģץ˼Ҳˡ
ſĻȻЩԸ⣬ſǾ쵼ߵˣǮ˳ģֿǣô󣬾ͱʾһҵʣһûǮ
˰죬ҵװշֵӣ˿ǷǩֵĲ˵سǩˣԾֳûǩ֣Ǯǲܸ
⻰ſ˵ҴȥԾֳǩ֣һˡ
ֻͬ⣬Ҷƽ͸ſĺȥҾֳԽҵһʱ˿ͣƵصһԣҲûȥԽҵˡ
Խҵİ칫ңſͽҶƽǲĵΣԽҵȵ۾شҶƽһǰҶƽ֣ΪҶƽ˵Σٻ˵Ĺע
ڿҶƽȵվԽҵеһ˲ţԼǸ׼ŮǿˣǸ׼Ůڲ֪ʲôʱ̸һ󣬶ֵί칫ˣԼĹŮ֪ҪҪõĻ£ڿҪƣŮ
ҶƽһԽҵʲô£ҶƽͰ˵ԽҵЦЦسչ磬򳵴ûдزùǮˣ
ҶƽЦȲ磬ⶼǲسǰȡġ
ԽҵǺһЦǲȥлᵽҪԷ
ҶƽЦ⻰һתﵽлԾֳ⣡
Ҷƽ˵ԴԽҵϽˣ۹ܶеǳ⣬һӾ뵥ǩ֣Ȼ˵һݾسﾭӪǿȥһһŻݼۣ
ҶƽæǸãʡǵˡ
ԽҵЦЦû˵ʲôҶƽǣȻȥҸղŵǸ֧ǮôͰѾֳǩָ㵽ˣ˸еǳ棬ûа취ֻ֧ͬȡֽ𣬽ϡ
ſʾһлҶƽͺһ뿪˲֣˲֮Ҷƽ͸ܴ󸻴绰ԽҵĻ뵽ȥ򳵵ģԽҵ˵ǲȥ֪϶᲻˵ģ˼ҿ˿ڣͲ׿ڣزֺͱľֲһ򽻵ҶǮ飬˭Ҳү
ܴһҶƽ˵꣬׸ôָʾҶƽԽҵҪȥȻȥسԷлл
Խҵּ⣬ҶƽǮһȥԽҵ򳵣ڸеԼˣȻ¿϶ɲã򳵿ɲһС£ǲܴĵ£첻ãǻȥһ
ֱӴֽǼҳУϰһ˵ϰЦʾһŻݣǺúõѡһѡ
ѡ񣬰ղܴ󸻵ҪһɫɣɽγǮȻ˵ŻݣҲ֪ŻĶŻݲŻҲ֮³ţΪмգҶƽճȥ
ųȻˣҶƽټһҶ쿪ųҽԺҽԺԺҴҵİ칫ңһڵ
һİ칫ңҶԼߵԱһ£ʲô¡ҶƽǸ˻ûɧ
Ҷ˵ҵڸʩѹǸ˵ûɧǿθѹɧܣٲӦ£ҽԺӿ²ù
ҶƽһȻ£оǷǳߣҪȥҿҵΣҶæס˵ԼᴦãҪçײ¡
ŵӣҶƽ侲һ£ҶǲҹҶ˵ҶҹһΣһЩ飬Ȼˡ


058 Ӳ
ͽ˵һỰҶƽ뿪ҽԺȻصųѻص˼ңܴ￴һú⣬Ҷƽ󣬱ЦСҶҲһԣ
ҶƽǺһЦǣݣҿԲˣ
ܴЦ˵СҶˣһԣоòã
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ĸɲ֪ܴ󸻻˳չһﻹǲԣ׻˵һٷһͷţƨһ¥ܴŪһܲ˵򰡡
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Ҷƽ֪쵼ǰҪ÷Ҳʮָŵ࣬һ֪˭ϴоʱֻ֣ûˣڼˣоҶƽǲϵȻѾһŮˣǼ˧˻ϲ࿴۵ġ
Ҷƽۣһʱǲ֪˭С¸߿߿ЦŸ˵ĵΣһǲҶƽ
߿еֵصٲʶҶƽ
ЦЦҪʶͲˣϴβоµ֪֣ʱҿǼ֧ģɲ񵱳֧㵽ְһ
ԭ߿Цٲллҵ֧֣ȷʵͦģеʱٵȥ
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߿ǺЦٲֻ˵˵ѣҲû˼Ҳкôġ
ЦЦû˵ֻʱ˵˵ҶƽҲûǵ˵æһ󣬾ˡ
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֪쵼Ӳ죬СѧѧǳӣѧУԺǲҵӵ֪֮ͨ󣬾׼
ӲСѧ֮ѧҶƽΪԱһֱӲ졣ѧŲá
һҶƽǰԺŴŽ۾ĴЦһ仨ҲûģСĵҶƽ߽Уңָʾ
Ҷƽһı飬ûô˵ֱУңԸһЩ飬ԺͷӦҵ水ҶƽҪȥ
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һҶܷܷԺæ˵ҶΣѧУͦõģѧϰҲרʦˣúչţʲô⼰ʱһ㱨
ԺԵúڣҶƽɨһۣصУ´ǷУǮǰһٸ
һҶƽ˵⻰ԺеεصԺ󲻻ˣˣҶηģѧУѧϰһչ˺ã
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ҶƽǳһǷУǮͲѧȥϿΣѧУΪ˲ţŴѧ׬Ǯ
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Ҷƽİ£¥ԷҶƽǷҲߣڼҵίԱҲϯˡ
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߿Ա߿ôҶƽĿҲǶҶƽ˼ۡ


059 
Թ֮߿˵һᣬ˶ǺһЩƣɫ糺죬һŮͤͤĸ߿ЦЦⶫôˣôûǵĻڣ
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⣬ҶƽȥҸ߿߿Ƚ϶࣬˫֮ΣҲ飬߿Ҳ£˵ҲȻܾԼҪġ


060 ת
ԭֲãڸΪҶƽû䣬ԭ£
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061 
Ҷ֪ԼôԺİ칫߳ģôӦԺҪˣԺܰѻ˵ҪٵȥǲҪǸ˵ʧҪԺĹΪأ˵ôȻҪǲܣǾֻǸˣȫˡ
һ¿ôֽķҶһ֪ʲôΪƣΪ꣬һֻƼ޷Լˡ
֮Ҷ̴绰ҶƽϢҶƽӵĵ绰ȴֻ΢΢һЦ㣬ͲõˣԺҲɧˣúùɣ
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ҲһеҶƽǿĵúܿ骻Ǻԭ˵˵ЦЦûһصա
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үүǰ㴩ţض󷽣ǰͭŽ׼͸ƽ˵֮󣬱վһ㷹
극֮׼ȥƱϳǰʡǣû뵽ԱͻȻܳˣֱ˹
Ҷǲ֪ôµģҶҲǺͿ֪ʲô飬ҶƽȴǿϴͼͷϪǸˣղԷˣˣ
Է˲٣ҶƽæүүԱߵһͤȥǱоֵ࣬ҶҶȻ֪ô£֪Է߲ƣվҵúܣȻǹ컯֮»ᶯִˣǶһǱȽ׵ġ
֮ܵͤҶƽͷһǲûеľȥǽ˹ҰǰΧڸͤ档
ֵľ쿴£кܶ˰ΧŸͤһʽľ죬ЩˣҶƽǳȥʲôԼ
Ҷƽû뵽Ȼһҷϣ鲻ܣǳȥñ˸ְˡ
Ȼүүֲôˣʲôʧ˵һԱǺͱ˴ܣʲôˡ
Ҷƽ룬߹ȥ˵Ҵ绰
ȴǰס˵绰˵ĵ绰ܴҪ湫绰ȥ򣡡
˲ˣҶƽһۣ˵Ҫҵ칫ҵףΣǵĸɲ㲻ȥֹǣҴ绰컹벻ˣ
û뵽ǰǵĸɲ˿˵úеҶƽо˵ٻٲҶƽ绰ͬʱҲ뿴һǲڸ쵼绰˵ǣҪԤһЩˣץ뿪


062 ר
Ҷƽȵ绰ŴףӴ£ûʲôϵֻдףӴˡ
ŵ绰˾ǰ棬ĲΪЩ˵ĵԽԽ󣬼Ҫͤȥץˡ
ҶŵҪ֪Ҷƽʲôˣô鷳Ҷ嵹ûʲôµģ֪ô£ֻܴڸͤ棬ЩСָ
Щ˶̾վһЩƦԣϴǸҶƽͷϪ˾֮еһԱҶƽ֮һֱҪҶƽҶƽʱеͬɺϵˣȻһҪѵҶƽ
ܽҲ֪ܲϵףӴҶƽشͨ˵绰ףӴû뵽ʱӵĵ绰ȵҶƽ绰ʱǳľ档
Ҷƽδ绰ûôֱ˵鷳ұ˴ǰΪȥǣȴ˻ˡ
ףӴһҶƽҪȥ֪ǣͷȻ鷳ĵƦåȻǸ߶ȹעҶƽԭزҪϴ绰ֵˣϹȥ
ףӴ˵֮Ҷƽһ绰ԱߵľоԾҶƽ˵ĲǼٻϱ
Ҷƽͷһ˵һǵľֳϹڽɢͿһ
Ҷƽӣ룬опһĻᣬһ±ߵߴ߳ʲôǲ췴Ͻҹ
һô죬ǻ˻е¾ˣǾһڣЩ˸оҲͷҶ£֮Щ˲û˿ĺ£һЩˣʼôͤҶҲʼ
һãȻȴ밤ᣬӾЩһ쵨ôСú£ЦŵϷˡ
һǸҶƽˣָҶƽҪݺݵҶƽһ٣ӣҶƽסڳȥǾһսȻ£ǻӰ쵽үүԼϵҶƽԼүүϵҪ˵žĵ
˸Ķܴ˲ٵ˹Χۣľ췢ֺ͸ϹˣľˣǻҲɵͷŹ˸ղŵ죬תֻҶƽǶȥ
ϵǻ˸Ҳ£˵Ҷƽǵ˴ˣҪҶƽǮǸھҲ˽һʱǲܰôֻά򣬲þʧء
ҶƽһҪԼǮͷҪͷϪھȻҧһڣǮڵʱûбµ˵ˡ
ۿžֻýҶƽǻһֵ飬ոµľͻȻʻһϵӣЩһæǰӭӣǵͷйֵľֳ
һλҶƽͬ־֮󣬹ֳʹʵ
Ҷƽһ֪ףӴŵˣǰԼ֪Ҷƽ֮󣬱ԸףҰǽߣһ߰ɣ
Ҷƽүүϵһ˾ȻֳͶµľ˵Щȫֽܵ飬ˣڹҪã
ղŵЩﾭΰҲûٰ취쵼˻ǾݿԴˣȹֳһϳ֮󣬾帺طɳһУͰǻ˸ץߡ
ǻ˲֪ô£Ҳܷʣ˶ڣͶ˵Ҷƽǵ˴ˣҶƽ˵ģɳҲܰôţһȥɳˡ
Ҷƽ˾֮ѸףӴףӴæҶƽѹҶԺ쵼ԼôĺãһʱҲǸеˣﲻ֪ô졣
ҶƽͰľ˵һ£ףӴ֪ϴͷϪȥԷȻ˽ٷˣҿûʲô飬ʲô£ƽԶ֪÷Ƣ
֪£ƽԶҲŹ룬ףӴֳ̰ȥ飬һҪƱصåԣϰյһ
ֳףӴָҵƽԶ֪ˣֳҪȥ£Ǹͼٵļһ
ǻԭΪ˶ڣ԰Ѻڵ˵ɰ׵ģǸһؽȥͳϴٵ飬ЩŶҶƽһѵ˲ûеõôΰʮ졣
ףӴڰ֮󣬾Ҷƽȥǵ£ҶƽѷϪүүȥǵ˵˳ףӴ֮Ҷƽ˵һ·ȥ̫ȫҿɸȥǣ֤ǰȫȫ
ףӴһţҶһֻˣףӴ˵ǣҪתü˳ܵﾩǣҲ˵;ʮۣϵĶȫǰͭŽ˾Ͳˣϵİȫǲˡ
Ҷƽ֮ȴ˵ףΣԼȥУεȫһ⣬ȵǵʡԺͺˣҪù
ףӴЦһµСҶ˼ףȥǿǵģǼԨԴȥǣҲȥǣƽרԱ֪£ҲŵģҲǰ˼죬ͲҪƴˣǵ֮󣬴ǼʺãӭǾ￴һ
ףӴҶƽţҶƽû˻˵ΪΪ˽ôμģȻֻףӴİţĹǰˡ
СʱһԹԺףӴͰһСγ˹˾ǰȫ͵ǡ
˾ҲȥǳҲǺܸ˵ؼųҶƽȥˡҶһ·жˣǹٳȻҲˣиöӣĻ᣿
Ҷûκθ˵ıʾҶƽ˵ǶԵģ˽ҪͳȥǲģҶƽΪһԱҪϼҲûʲô˵ˡ
뾩ǵ·нǧʮСʱм·Ϣһϣڶ峿ٴθ·
ҲϪһ绰ԼҪǣԷϪҤ֪˵רŵǵˡ
ƽ˵ҶҪҲǸ˷ǳרŷͷĹҶ嵽˵ʮûҶˣҲ֪Ҷڱ仯ж٣ǰʮæµûʱҶ壬ѾӸλ˵ʲôҲӦˡ
ȵҶ֮󣬰ѼȫټúõҶһҾһۣҲʧҶ壡


063 ˾
˾֮ҶƽͰշϪָʾһصȺ򣬺ǰӭӡ
Ҷڳ￴žǵĸ۾ǲõˣ⾩ǾǴ󣬿ת˰оû뿪ԭĵطǲͶسǲ֪Ҫ١
ҶĴΧһУ۾òʱһƯĺɫγǰȻӳһʱֵŮһīҪ˵ж˭ҵĺӣôÿһ˳Ҳлˡ
ƵʱŮȴǳվڳȺĶȥˣҶƽҲûϳ˭Ϊ³·ģֻҲǸϤҲǰʡ
ûϵǣŮ߹֮󣬾۾ƮƮȻЦҶƽֵҶƽǵȼ˰ɣ
۾һ˲䣬Ҷƽڿ˭ˣŮȻǷϪʱĴڵĴȫˣһҲû
Ϫ㡭Ҷƽȵ˵
ϪЦǺǵ˫ϸ۵֣Ҷƽһ£ˣᴥʹȻʹһգҲܵһ޵ã˻ζ
Ҷƽ֣ϪЦЦҶƽǲǲʶˣҿɲҴھĴҲһ㣬֮ԴֻΪӭǣҶүүأ
⻰Ҷƽһѹ㼱æ򿪳үүҶҲϲǰŮˣҶƽ򿪳ŽȻһŮǰȥŮ
ͷ̾ڵǱ仯찡
ҶҲӳЦſŮ˵ȸ˵õģҪ˵ǾͲˡ
ҶƽЦϪԼĸףһҶҶƽĸףϪǹҶЩܳ
Ϻ󣬷ϪҶƽĳȻǰԼļң֪ϴȵһᡣ
˿ϪĳҶƽͷָ̾һ£Ȼȥ֮󣬾ЦϪ⳵ɣǿˣ
ϪǺһЦڲɣɣ
ҶƽǰǸ˵Ĳᣬ⳵ʲôӣһҲòǮɣ
ϪЦǴӵ¹ڵģϵҸģƽʱһ㲻ֻӭӿ˵ʱſһ¡
ôǮҶƽʵ
ϪЦҸǿó׹˾ģвǮǼҾһġ
ԭӣҶƽ֪Ϊʲô˦־͸ǮˣĴ
ְǸʲôģҶƽŵʳ⡣
ϪЦſһۣ¶һڽ׵ݣ˵Ұྩеĸгһһ֪ڽʡϪصسྩѧνڣǼҾôЩˣȻһүү͹ùãͲ֪ˣ
û뵽Ϫô飬ҶƽǾȵŴͣ˼ֱͥһϣһڵ£
ҶƽһʱĬϪЦҰͦõģҲܺͰҴûڼңҶҲϤˣҼ֮һЩˡ
Ҷƽ˼Ļ֮󣬼æ˵֪ˣֻǴүүְֶѣ֮Ǿˣ
ϪСżʲô߰죬ҶүүתһתҶҲżߵģⰡ㲻ҪȫˣֱӽϪͿˣҲֱӽƽô
ŷϪҶƽһ촽԰Ƕˣַ㣡
ϪǺЦͶˣǶˣǧҪн
ĻҶƽ룬ûонȻļͥǳҲûʲô㣬нʲô
뵽Ҷƽ̹Ȼ࣬ЦϪθȥˣʲôʱ
ϪȥȥˣƵϻǲùˣǡ
˵˵žһǳĵطڣͿһС¥һƬľ֮УϪĳſר˸˴ţӾֱʻ˽ȥ
Ҷƽһطоһĺõط֮סһܣӦǴ˵еıˡ
ҶҶĳӽں棬ȻҲ˽ȥ֮󣬷ϪʹӳкҶƽҶһȥ
ʱһԼʮҵĹ˴߳Ϫ߹ȥ֮Ц˵裬ˣ
ǹ˱¶Цݣ˹ҶƽһۿȥܸоϵֹʣⲻǮװģһģȻȻɢĶ
ˣ뵽˾кҶƽǡ
Ҷ˹˾Ц˵Ҷͬ־ɣ
ҶҲûæ˵Ҷ壬ƽû𣿡
ЦǱϰ࣬Ͼͻڼӭǣ˵ɣ
ҶʹӦһȥϪЦҶƽȥ
⸱龰Ҷѽ˴԰ҲҴҶĺ߽
֮󣬹˷Ըķ˵ˮϪЦҶƽҶˣ˵ĿҶƽ϶࿴˺üۣҶƽЩ˼
ҶǾִٲһᣬ˱΢ЦŶҶƽ˵СҶ﹤
Ҷƽæ﹤ڵĵΡ
Ŷһ£Ȼ˵Ĺ࣬Ϫİְ꣬ҲǶҶ󲮵İǰƽһֱ£ټһ棬ˣǷǳ˵ģ
ĻҶԱ˵ҵʱҲʲôæ˵ƽҲ̫ˣ˾ƢϲˣϴùСȥңҾͺܸˣһϹͷˣǲԸԶŵģ뵽ƽôҲټһ棬Ծˣʵ߶ˣ
˵Ҫ˵߶Ǿͼˣƽʱ߶ţǼн죬Ҳǿǵİȥ¾ͲܶˣģöˣٴμǣȫҶܸˡ
˵÷ǳҶƽͷҲûʲôҲû˵ʲôһ˼ҰŰɣҲֻзϪ֪ˣ֪ڣϪվֻ˵Ҳܶʲôˡ
ҶǴŹ˺Ҷ˵˵ʱҲ˵˶İסˣûмĶȴԪҪǿˡ
˺ҶŵʱֻнŲȻ˺٣ûУ


064 ƽ
˽ϴӦһȻת˳ƽǸո
˵ţƽʹ˽ҶƽЩ죬ӡҶ忴֮󣬱һ£ϸطֱǰˡ
ƽ֮󣬿ҶһۣһӾ˳Ҷûжٱ仯ǰסҶֵҶϲ
Ҷ忴˿ԭкܶ಻ͬƽƽԷˣϸ߸ɵҲԭһǰ˿϶ô䣬ǹһЩǱ䲻˵ġ
ƽҺܺãЩôҶֲƽ˵
ƽҶֵЩһѾ˵ɣ
ƽҶ֣Ȼкȫ£Ҷ֮󣬱Ц˵ƽǴǻʶӣڸղμӹ
֮ҶƽһҶҶƽˣҶƽһ˼滹ϳƽæЦ֡
ҶƽϳǷǳļ뵱ԼеƲ˼ңҲϵչƽû뵽˼ڵļͥģ֪Ҳƽһͷˡ
Ҷ֣ƽҲҶƽҶƽ΢Цһ£ǰ֣ƽ֮Ҷϲǵƽɣ벻ôˣȥĺģ
ƽҶƽһ󣬱Ҷ˵ҶǺһЦɲզģʱСģǲˣ벻һ۾˳Ǻǣ
ƽЦҶǴһһľڶǵãǸϲôˣ
ƽĸףҲǵӳǳϸǸʻҶȻһµˣǰոȥҲǲġ
ƽǣȻϸһЩӦģȥֻ꣬ǶƸ߸ʽǽûκ壬ֻϸҪˣҼǵһЩܵһЩ棬ϲһͳũˣ岻ڣȲֵˣȻǿߣһġ
ҶƽԼҪȽϣҪҿ㱾ǳˣũ֧ԮũģũũĻг˵Ļ㵽ũʵǿˣȴһũˣû˲ġ
ƽξƺҲԺЦһʮȥˣȥһũҲ໹ֻǿ϶ûǰÿˡ
ҶҲЦ˵ƽ쵼ؼ쵼ôңôܳԱУũ»ũɣϰջúòãؼǹߣ˺õߣϰճԲ˵ǲǣ
ƽ˵ͷ˵Ҷϲ⻰˵úãȺڸؼڸɲɲ쵼úòãûȫȫΪùҸǿȺڸԣĸûкõߣûкõĸɲʹȺٺҲһţ⻰˵͸ǵľѵԢǳ̰
Ҷۺ뼱æ˵ƽ˵ģ쵼ǵ
ƽЦҶϲ֮ͲҪʲô쵼ˣҵѣ̸֮һпˣˣǲǻûгԷһԷȥ
ҶǺһЦȻ뵽һ£ӰͷóǰͭĹŽ˵ƽϴɺңжݺᰡ㣬Ҳûʲô͸㣬ǼҴһӦҵģҵʱеС˽ģûϽһ룬Ҳûʲô˼͸ɣ
˵գǰͭĹŽ˳ƽһæ˵ʹãǼҴıôҪˣҾͺܸˣҪʲôũڻԣǸոճԱǾҲҪġ
ƽǲҪͭĹŽҶ忴ż˵ƽҪǲҪҾ;ˣҾҰɣ
˰죬ҶԱʵҲеЩۣǼҴı갤ʱ͵ǮҶˣûȴҪ͸ˣǵģǿǺñ
Ҷƽүү͹Ž£ͷȻҲһЩϧүүΪˣȻҪͳһҲûУҲûʲôá
ҶǳĹִƽΣ˵ҶϲͭŽǳ󣬴߲ȫҪȷɣԺٻǣ
ƽڽŽ£ϪŽ֮ЦһҲҲ߹һȥıǲͬ˿˲̾
ƽҪȥԷҶֻøǰȥ˴Ƶ֮ƽҶȻ÷Ϫ绰һ֪ûС
һ绰֪͸߷ϪϾ͵ϪΪ˵ٻûᣬ֪ͳˣǰѣԼһܳˡ
һҶƽ֪͹ЦһӵҶƽҲܸˣƽû뵽֪ȥһ˿Ҷ壬ҶƽôϤЦš
ȵӵ꣬к֪£Ҷүүٹһ¡
֪ſҶƽߵҶǰһҶүүãҶˣԺеЦһ£ǳĿġ
͵֪ˣ֮ƽкŴҳԷҶһָ߼ľƵ֪꣬ôԣôȣֻѧ˼ȥӺ͵档
ҶƽҲͷһν־Ƶ꣬ƵǸȻƵ֪꣬ҪöٱǾǣķСطܱġ
֪ͷϪֱߣһ߳ŷһߺ˵Żƽͷ˾ͺҶ˵Ż
ֱһµʱ䣬֪ȻҶƽˣһ¾Ʊ˵ƽȻˣͶ죬Ҵȥһ棬ô
Ҷƽ֪λش˵θ磬ģ´˼졣
֪ں˵û£ͷ׼ļ٣Ҹƽ˵˵ȥûʲôھ湻ٻȥ
ҶƽεЦЦθ磬ƽʱû°ʱ棿
⻰û֪˵ϪԱЦʱأѧɣ֪ϰôġ
֪Լ˵عͷֻҪ׬ǮǺϰ壬Ϊϰôۻģʲôϰ壡
Ϫһµ磬ߺ׬Ǯſóƣ㻹ô׬Ǯǻ˻һҶû˵
һ˵֪æƣǻƽˣתͷ˵֪ϵҪúøɾ͸ɣܸɻǸһزȥ鷳


065 
ƽĻ֪Ҳٶ˵ϰֵģϪͷҲҶ˵ˣҶƽҲеЦ˼ʵũһģũƤĺҲǾŸĸô֪ӦֵƤĺӣϪڹԹŮ֮ġ
ƽ˵⻰֮󣬵˵棬Ҳûٶ˵ȻתͷҶ죬꣬ƺ˵ĻڽһЩ
һ£ƽǹЦ˵ȥȤ¸ǴЦѣҶ忴˿ģͷҲǸ˸ͣ˼ұϾǾĴ󻧣ܲ飬רųʱӴǶ飿ܲ
Աţʱһ仰Ҷ˵֪˵ʲôҶӣ˵һЩ򵥵ĻҶϲżҶ島һ½ͣ
ûҶĻ࣬ʵûڹ۲ҶƽԴϪƻ֮󣬾͸ое겻ᣬҶƽ֮͸˵˲ãν֪ŮĪĸϪǵС˼ǲµõġ
ʱϪǵҶƽһ˵˵ЦЦڹ۲Ҷƽһʲôأ
ΪǵĴ˼ңҶƽС϶ǲῴģȻ˵Ҷӣ飬ҶĽ֮ƽƽײϣҶһҾڵϣƽȻҲǵ˵ϣֻʱֻصϣϵҶ壬лĶ飬Ӧ˵御ˣҶƽŮʲô£ǲͬġ
Ҷƽ뵽ٻ뷨ͷҲû˼Ҳ֪Ϫļͥλһ뷨ǼֱǻͷԣѽͲˣŽһķչǾǺͿ
ϪͷһҶƽ㺣Ҳ֪α㺣֮һҶƽ뷨оǰһְȫУʱڵ
֪ȻǴֵԸҶƽǴ֮ĽоҶƽȤĲؽӴҶƽģû÷ϪҶƽ֮飬Ů˽ǱȽңŲȥýѵ飬˵ûѧء
۲ţûȥ̸֮һ֪ͻȻҪҶƽ󣬷Ϫһźð֪ھӿֱʮֵ˵ãҲǷǳĴ󣬰ûҶƽҲǲ˰һܺÿ
֪ҪҶƽһЦһ룬ûоܾϪЦߵһߣŷϪԼ֣е϶ʱһִĸо֪ҲߵԱߡ
ﳳ֣ƽ̧ͷһۣûʲôʾٿϪҶƽ֣üͷһ壬Ҳû˵ʲô
Աһط֪ĥȭ׼Ҷƽһ£Ҷƽӣ˵θ磬ҲĶ֣ǲҪ˰ɣ
֪һЦƽǴ֣벻ȵģϴοֲֲܱܣԾ뵽ӣ˻˺˵ǲǣ
һ֪ôҶƽͲҡҡͷ֪Ը治ʺڹٳϻ죬Ҳһȴǲ
ϪҲԱߥ˵ƽҶŵĺܣһҪӮ֪һֻҪˣ
һ˵֪ͳ˵Сã׼ƽһˣǰɣǺãֻҪƽӮңҾ͸
ˣҶƽ˵ʲôľͲҪ˰ɣˣҿûʲô͸θ簡
֪ЦҪˣھǶ죬ʲôֻСõòˣһҪӮҰ
֪ǳţΪһӮҶƽǰֱ˵ȥˣҪҶƽʲô
ϪԱ߾ͬҶƽ֪ͣԼø˼ͣǰģֻҶƽǸһ֣Ҳû̫⡣
ǲˣҶƽ룬˵θ磬ҿ϶Ȳ㣬дһµǿԵģ鰡
֪ǺЦôķϻҲһңøأ
һ˵Ҷƽϵ˵ãθ磬Ҳˣ
һ˵꣬Ҷƽȵ׼֪ӣ֪ţҲûô׼Ҷƽ׼ˣҲǰһ
ͬãֱ۷ϣȻ˵ƽ׼ûУʼɣ
Ϫվм䣬Ц׼ãҸ˵ʼ
ҶƽסûӮ֪뷨ȴӮˣӮ˲ܵõһ֪С֪֪ҲĵģСʱıǺܾˣһĴӰ󶼰ⲻҶ°ܽͺϷˣû뵽֪ȴ
þƽʱϰİ˶νϣֱϵļⱩȻ͹֪һգ͸еСˣǾͷһӴܸܳ
ûµģǴʱҶƽϴȥһʵǳǿ
֪ϵı仯Ҷƽ֪ȻԭֱǴӲӻҲǶˣʵ½ˣԼ̫£ֻҪþһȣ˵Ӯ
Ϫ˿ˣ˵ˣʼɣ
һ˵꿪ʼ֪ȷˣѹȥҶƽһͶ䡣Ҷƽûϵôؾ֣һʱû־֪ѹȥǻûȫأ㲻䡣
֪ͻȻ֣Ҷƽֱ֪ˣûй־ȱֹϺͣʤĻʵʹȷˣ͵ϮɹҲʧܡ
Ҷƽסֿ챻ѹȥʱάס棬þһʧأ䡣
ϪҶƽһѹȥͷǵĵĺܣȻ󻹱Թ֪磬ղˣҸպˣ˼ҶƽԻû׼ã
֪ɫͨ죬붼˵ʼˣ˵û׼ãҪսǻˣҶƽ˹ֲ
⻰ֻͷ˵ڱţҲû˵һҶƽͻᷴΪӮˡ
֪þȫҶƽʼû䣬ǿʼϷ֪ȷǺܴ󣬵ͣ󾢱Щ㣬һûʤǺľ͹ĵˣֻҪס󾢣䣬ʱһлᷴΪʤ


066 ǷǺú
֪۾ҶƽۿʤΪʤҶƽʱȻҲǱڵʮ㣬û˿ҪܵıʾһŬӲؽְ֪վˡ
棬Ϫ˵ؽΪ֪ͣȴɵۣҪӮľȻӣѾþֳƽ֣ڱոտʼʵҶƽְܷѾԳܴʵȴûжٽȥˡ
֪֧ŲȥҶƽһһ⣬һ֪һɣһ䵽ϣˣ
ðϪ֪ȴǺƵû̧ͷ
ӣҶƽæ˵θ磬û°ɣҸղʤ̫ˣ
ϪҲԱ˵磬ǲ䲻𰡣˼ҶƽǷΪʤ˵̫ˣ
ܷϪһ̧֪ͷЦ˭˵䲻ģϢһ£ƽˣ˵ɣҪʲô
Ҷƽæ˵θ磬Ǿ֣ʲôģҲҪ
֪һۣ˵ôҪ˵㻰ȻӦСˣҲʳԣ˵ɣҪʲô
ϪЦһµ磬ҪһĿǰгеһ·Ҫ򣡡
֪һָ˵û⣬һ·Ҿ͸򡣡
˵⻰ֿҶƽƽҪʲô
Ҷƽ룬͵˵θ磬ң벻ҪʲôϴθҵǮûأ
ҶƽӣϪЦЦ磬ҪҿɣƽڻûֻҪ͸ֻɣԺϵ㡣
Ҷƽ֮˵ֻҲҪºֻ̫ˡ
ϪǺЦôˣֻϾҪпҪûУǾˡ
֪Ҳ˵С˵ĶԣҸһֻϵ
ö˵ĻҶƽҲٶ˵ʲôˣֻչĻ죬ܴǰոֻˣĸɲûõأˣǾǳǰˣֻ⻰Ѻܹģֻѿò𰡣
˵˵ЦЦ죬»صλϣʱҶѾʤȶˣۿҪܲסҶ弱æվ˵ƽҿ첻ˣҪǻȥϢɣҲס£һͻȥˣ
ƽæס˵ϲȻˣͶ죬ôҪߣ֪ǵǵľ㿴һ֮ߣһ˲ףһҪúõؿһߣ
֪һ⻰߹֣û⣬רųʱǣתǵྩǣ
Ҷ˴Ϊ˵صྩͷһأ쵹úÿһ
ƽһ˵˵㿴Ҵ˵ʵڣˣ֪ǰһ¾Ƶķ䣬ȥתһת
ƽˣҶ岻ҶһۣҶæͷ£װʲôҲûӡ
Ժ󣬴һ㷹ȻƽǾˣ֪ͷϪҶƽǰŷ䣬ⶼǸߵķ䣬Ҷ󶼲֪ô죬оͻʹһ㡣
֪ڶҶƽޱȵˣһֱȻûܰ˵Щˣǧñ֪ˡ
ź˷֪֮ͶҶƽ˵ƽǣһҶүүϲȥҾʹȥһҪѷ羰ٻȥ
ҶƽæлϪԱ߾˵Ҳ
֪תͷ㲻Ͽ𣿡
ϪЦѧУûٿΣҲȥû˹ܵģƽǴԶعְûʱ㣬һ㲻Ӧõ𣿡
˷Ϫһۣ֪Ҳû˵ʲô룬ûϰɣڵҪأóȥ龫ֵСã۶أ
֪֮ͷϪ˾ͰҶƽҶƽǵ֮󣬾ͻص˾Ƶķ䡣
һص䣬Ҷ˷ܶ˵ӣɳ̫ˣƵģ
ɨһۣҶƽ˵֣ܲеʶһɳѣ㼤ģүүһûׯҲûģ棬Ҫһһէģ쿴羰ñͣ
ҶƽѵҶƾ˵Сӣ㲻ҪѵϵûңĽ죿
ҶƽһϵˣҲܶ˵ˣߵүүԱߣҶ忴Ҷ˾˵Ҳ۾Ҷǲèȶˣƽ˵㼸㻹ˣڼô˵ģ㲻Ҫȥˡ
һȥ羰ҶͣˣæҶ㲻ϻСӣС߻ģҲȥ˭չ㣬ָСչ㣿϶а
Ҷֵһ۵ǴСߵģƽһҲûһչˣʱ»Һƽչ㣡
ҶӣҶѲڣүˣȵֵӵֻð
ͣˣҶƽȥϴ˯Ҷ֪ôϴֻýүүϴϴ֮ͶϢˡ
ڶһ磬ҶƽǵƵͣǷḻͣҶҲǲ֪ʲôˣүүˣҶûгꡣ
˷֪ǾˣϪں棬ıģҶƽûУ˵˷һϳǳȥתһת
һǴһ֪һܳҶƽܳϣҶҶںһϡ
ǷǺúȻྩǲܲȥǿһԵһҪȥķ羰ǳǣҶƽҲȥϾҲûȥ
֪ųҶƽоǳˣϪһī˸о̫ԸˣȻҪĶ࣬Ըȴǲͬһϡ
㳵ŮǰˣûйˬĸоҶƽڳҲ̲ס˿ˣ֪ЦǰһʵСɶϲ񻶵Ķˡ
ҶƽȻûоԼƣеȻ¶صƻĻһƣֻҪһȥһʵĺꡣ
ܿ˳֮ϣҶҶ˾ʹӳǶǵһοǣΰ׳Ǹе𺳡Ҷ֪˵ʲôˣҶҲǸпǧ벻˻ܵ￴һⳤǱĲɽǿ̫ˡ
ҶƽվڳϣԶķ羰ĳҲǺȵģǷǺúǺú˰ɣϪվԱ߿ʵҶƽǵһ𣿡


067 ƮŮ
ͻȻϪĻҶƽЦǰֻ鱾Ͽǣֻ׳Ǹ֪ж׳ڿˣĻҪ׳
ϪǺǵЦţ֪Ȼû£ȥ۲־ɫܵһߴ˵绰ҶҶ˾ڳ֮ϲͣؿŷ羰
һ֪Ŵ˵绰Ȼ߹˵ûУȥһɣ
ϪһµʲôҶүүûпأ
֪Цǿһ¾ˣÿôϸõķ羰ǣȥһ羰ɣ
Ȼ֪ӦҶƽ棬ľǲУϪǲͬ⣬ûа취ֻҪԱߵš
ȿ˳ǣִ֪ľ㣬Щ㶼ǷǳҶǿ۽磬һֱת磬֪е⣬˵»Ǻܸߡ
һûп֪꣬ӦٴǳصƵ֮󣬰ҶҶ͵ȥͶҶƽƽҳȥһ£һᣬһȥ
Ҷƽ֪ʲô˵θ磬ʲôᣬȥ𣿡
֪ЦʣҵһЩѣһȥ
ҶƽЦθ磬㲻ҲȭȾưɣ
֪Цû£Ѿۻᣬʱҽָ־ˣ
ҶƽһǺЦ˵ʲôָ֣
֪ûٶ˵תͷϪ˵Сãȥȥ
ϪŤͷҲŲȥأǰѡ
֪˵ʲôѣҲ̫СˣƽѩҲȥ㵽ȥȥ
ƽҲȥϪ۾һ˵
֪ЦɲרԼǸٲҲȥó׵⣬õõ
һԭôһϪЦЦԭǰ£ȥȥҲС
֪ЦһֱĶ£ԺǲҪڰְǰ˵ҵĻҲˣøл硣
Ϣʱ֪ǸϪˣͬʱҲҶƽֻҶ۾÷Ź⣬о͸ƽǰͭŽ
ϪӦ֪֮ʹҶƽųһȽεĵطƧһƵ꣬һ棬ҶƽͿ֪ܶһĺ
֪ʹӳȻƵ棬һ䣬ᣬˣһһ˽
ߵǸЦо֪ǲȥЩǸɫ˿ȥЩһ֪֮¶Цݡ
ҶƽվһԿǣһ֪֮Ц֪þû˰Ʒư
֪ЦǰסǰӵϴҷƲȫһ仰Ҿһۣһ£
ǸӺǺЦ֮仹ʲôϪҲ˰
ϪҶƽվһ𣬱Цٲ磬Ҷͣܲ𣿡
ִЦǸ߸ȴϪߵҶƽ˵껰֪֮Ͱеһ˵һߵԱ߱˵ٲ֣½Ұ˭ˣ
ٲʵ˭
֪Ц˵ѩôӹɣ
ҲҪٲܾ棬۾Źâ
֪ǺǵЦţĽҲǴһҵŵ㣡
ٲЦȻֵҵܵҲҪǷ⣬Ҳչһ㡣
Ҳˣ֪ȵ
ɲǣҰֿ£ٲ⣬˶ܸ¾Ͱиˣٲ
֪û⣬һһģһڷ綼û͸¶ңǲɣ
ٲǲɣҲУ
֪һ룬ҲҪһ֣ҲС
˵ߵϪЦϪãǺþûˣѧ
ӣϪһҲϲǻӦŵ磬ͱҵˣĸ߾Ͱ
Цںһɢ죬ҲûʱҴȥһ棬ҲǴѧУѧϰǲ
ϪɲܺҶѧҪϵӴ
һᵽףǲˬ˵ҰֲŲңְǲǹܵ˵Щˣλǡ
˵ؿҶƽ˭ϪҶƽһ۱ЦͬѧҶƽʶһ£ƽ
Ҷƽû뵽Ϫͬѧôһ˵æǰֵ磬ҽҶƽ
Ҷƽ־ȵϪãͬѧļҵģ
ϪǺһЦͬѧѣļҸʲô
һЦֻʣȻͬѧǿ϶ҲǲһˣǾǵ˰
ϪЦصͬѧȻûǾǵĿˣ㲻Ҫˣ
֣ϪͬѧҴһһˣ϶ļҵӵܣȴ벻Ϫܣǹˡ
⣬ϪȴͻȻѩ㣬ˣ
ҶƽȥֻһʮƮݵŮһŮӵ˹ϴ΢Цȴȥ˸еǳı䣬ͬϵŮһ㣬䲻ð㷲
ϪҲˣأŮߵϪǰЦ
ϪЦҶѾȥˣأλǣ
ԱߵǸŮӣϪһ£ƽѩϽܵλĽѡ
ǸŮ֪Ϫ˷Ϫһ۱ЦϪãܸʶ㣡
ҶƽԱ߿оǸĽģҷǳĳ죬ǸѩŮӳ졣
Ա߿ˣЦ˹ƽѩѩ㣬˰Ҹ֪أ
ƽѩһٲˣɫһ䣬˼û˵ʲôһ۾ͿվŲҶƽϪʵϪλ˭Ҹоͷһμ
ϪЦ϶ǵһμˣҶƽͬѧɣǱߵġ
ǱߵģƽѩһµҰְǵģ
ϪЦɲôģƽ廹أ
ƽѩЦЦйʶһ¡
õģϪһ־Ҷƽ˹ȥҶƽʱƽѩһʱΪˣϪкæ˹
ƽƽ㣬˿ɺˣʶһ£ϪҶƽܵ
˷ϪĽܣƽѩһֻ֣ЦſҶƽҶƽֻа׵֣һ֣룬æ˵ҽҶƽ
ƽѩЦס֣˵ҽƽѩܸʶ㣬ҰǸط
Ҷƽһ£֪ô˵Ϫæѵƽ壬ģ


068 ʶ
ϪһѣҶƽǰƮŮӦƽԶŮû뵽˵Եֶ˻᲻ˡ
ãƵǱ߹ܸʶ㣡ӦҶƽæӦ
ƽѩ΢Ц紺һȥɣ𣿡
ϪЦҲ֪أߣһȽȥɣ
ƽѩͺҶƽһȥɹ˿㬵ԹԵȥ
Ҷƽƽѩĺ棬黹Ǹеǳؽţоͼְһţ˵ҲˣҲһŮӣΪʲô֮ޱȵĽţ
ƽѩ΢Ц֮ȻǼҶƽ֮ȴޱȣоʶһ˵Ҳһֵ顣
ĽԱҲڹ۲ҶƽҶƽǱãһױȵĳǴӵеţҶƽ϶ҲھǵĴ˼ҡ
ҶƽҲ۲쵽Ľı飬ŮӵҲľʢͳѰƺŮ֮һ˼
䣬֪ٲ棬ƽѩ֮æվӭӣɨٲһ֮ƽѩ÷ϪҶƽұߡ
ٲ֮󣬱Цѩ벻ȻؼҰ
ɨһۣƽѩֿ˿ҵķϪҶƽˣصãϪҶƽңԼȥ
ԣٲʮֲؿҶƽղûע⵽ȴƽѩһǴģ
Ȼ֪ҶƽǷϪͬѧǸղҲ֪ƽѩҶƽոʶȴҶƽһ𣬲ҪҶƽһȥеȡ
֪ҲֵʵѩӣҶƽǰʶ
ƽѩ֪ҲЩ֪ԼٲȤȴǰһйʲô˼һǰǰʶȻô
⻰˵֪Щ룬ôǰʶô£
Ҷƽһĳ֪ƽѩƣǳǸٲղһӰȴоʶֻǼǲ
ˣҶˣǽһۣˣؿ˰Ͼƣ֪֮Ҳûٶ룬е
Ա̸˾ƣҵϣȻŮԳĽⶼûкȾƣǺġ
Ľ˾ƣ֪ЦЦʲôʱȥϰֵ⣿
ĽݸһЦҿɲôؾͽ֣漸겻Ǻܺ𣿲ܺǼӸȣ
Ա˺ǺǴЦû绹ҲˣְְܲǼѧ⡣
ĽЦҰֿźǼǻ;Ϸչã
߳ٲ;Ϸչ⣬㿴ҺһԱҲҪһˣ֪Ц˵
ĽɨһҶƽ;Ϸչ𣿡
û뵽ĽᵽҶƽĽΪҶƽܿλ˼ҵӵܣڷŵƽģԱ˳һ
֪һǺǺǴЦһ£Ȼ˵˵ûھ;Ϸչģ˾ĹԱ
֪ôһ˵Ľ࿴ҶƽۣȻˣпλ˼ҵӵܰŵƽģһƽѩ
˵һỰ˾ˣ֪кŴҺȾƣȺٲɱٲڹҾóίһĸ֮ϵȽϽܣԲټξۻᣬȻҪȸ
ȸһ£һҶƽ˵ҶǰɣҾһƣ
ͻȻƣҶƽһڸղŵҲ죬ȻȥǶǴ˼ң໥֮Ĺϵȴ˾úܸӣȻӽȥеʱɼƣЩ˻ɣ
Ȼ룬ҶƽǺܹվȾƣȴûվʵ̽ҶƽҶƽվеҶƽ˭ҵӵܣǰ̫͡
һ룬һЩף֪Сôƽѩķۣһʰһ£øٲ
֮󣬾ЦŶҶƽǰⱭȫ˰
˶һ󱭾ƣܺȣȱ龩޵ֵӣȰҶƽ˵
ϪҪȴ󱭾ƣԱ˵ôľƸ磬ٺһ㡣
벻ϪҲΪҶƽ˵ˣͬѧˣСӵô£ŮΧƽѩǲǹԼǰҶƽ׽
ϪҺͷһκȾƣһ޷㲻Ҫ˵ˡûϪӣҪꡣ
ƽѩһۣһʱû˵ʲôСһᣬ˵˵ĽǿҶƽҶƽӦ
ҪһҶƽﵹûһ𣬵˽µĵΣǺ˲ˣԭȷǲܺȣǾϰټÿİ˶νоԼľѾǣȽȥľƣڻΪһʣ֮ЩţʵˣºȾˡ
ЦЦ֮Ҷƽվ˵ллľƣⱭȸˣ
ҶƽȰѾƺ˽ȥСֻҲѾƺȸɣȻԼϣƱٴҶƽȾƣ³˫ٵưɣ
Ϫסˣ˵磬ǸպһֺһҶƽûôľ
Цʲô˼Ҷٻû˵أʲô
㣡Ϫòᡣ
֪ٲȾƣתͷ˵Ⱦŵ㣬Ҫô죬Һٲһƻûأ
⻰ֻͣסɨҶƽһۣ֪Ҷƽ˹ˣСѵһǴ˼ҵӵܣӸղŵı̫񰡣
ƽѩˣҶƽأСնҶƽƼˮ꣬Ȼʶļǲļˣ֮ҪԻΪȻǾһȰ
һ룬ƽѩ͸ĽʹһɫĽ⣬ЦŶҾһƣ
ĽҪƣһ㶣ܿ׹ˣ˵ҾƿԣҲҪһˣô
ĽһͼˣȵҲǾأһȫˣⲻǹ˵֮󣬱Ц˵Ժûľˣǽɴ಻ҪһȾˣ


069 
Ľȥȴǲϵ΢Цŵ㣬ҪȾȫˣȫɺʲô˼
⻰ĽһѾƺ꣬º֮ѿҶƽ룬ĽӶҪˣǾСӵˡ
뵽ٴվ磬ҵľУҪҾһɣȺΪ
Ҷƽ˵ֱӽһȫ˽ȥ÷ϪЩҲû뵽ҶƽȾƣҶƽѾƺ꣬Ľ˵Ҷƽˣ㻹ŸʲôȰ
ڼලţȻûˣֻöƱ˽ȥ֮󣬾͸оЩƾˡ
ʱٲ֪ƣתͷҪƽѩľƣƽѩԸȾƣڣˮغһڡ
ƽѩӣٲͷǺܲˣ˵ѩһҲС
Ҳ˵ģƽѩҲܺȾƣֻԲˮˣҶƽҾһƣ
ƽѩٲӣתͷȥҶƽľƣٲǳջ𣬵ֲ÷Ǳ֪˺ȾƣҶƽƽѩƱЦſҲ֪˵ʲôϵľƱȾơ
ƽѩҶƽеľƱȽЦٺһ㣬һУҰѲˮȸˣ
˵ô飬ٲǳĽӣƱ˵ϸ磬Ҿ㣡
ĽľƣٲȻ߷߲ƽҲû취ֻĽ
ϪԱߣƽѩҶƽ֮以ܣҲе棬ҶƽģôоҶƽƽѩͬѧȴǳˡ
ƽѩҶƽƣЦȥƽѩƽѩȻȻӦ֮һˮ
ٲֱ֮ǰҶƽɶͷˣҲûʲôˣֻȥҶƽȾƣǵðҶƽɡ
֪ҶƽҲȾƵ˼ڿкϼֵ˾ҶƽƣǾͲöˣܺȶ١
ֻзϪ˶ԴҶƽܲˬ죬ҶƽƺҲԼȾˣбһҪǹ൹뷨ǵðǺȰܲɡ
֪ڿ֮󣬱̼սøҶƽһѹƽѩ˿ĸƴƣҲˣֱߵһϢȥˡ
ߵһߺĽ͹۲ϵ龰ƽѩϪ죬ʵϪҶƽͬѧ𣿡
Ϫ󣬱ЦʵҲͬѧʶʱҲҰְֵũʱүүҰְʶǴүүҰְֵġ
һԭĽԱʵϪƱһݸ
Ľʣƽѩתͷ˵ݸôˣЩʷϵĴӢ۶ǲݸһЩ竵ӵܣ
ƽѩ˵ӣĽæЦѩҲǸ˼ֻʶѡ
Ϫ˵ũģȥңһũļͥǺܺõģйҲģʱȥԷû˸ˣҿң
٣Ľ̵ɴ˫ۣһŵӡ
ƽѩͻȻϪ£һ˼˴ǰǰҲһ٣ƣǰʡʡǣǴοٲǱȥ棬Ϊϵʡ
ʱٲĹϵܺãҲִһ˼ȻٲòôŵԣҲǿԵģᣬҲͬģ˭֪˰ʡǵʱͷһ¡
죬ٲһȥ棬Ӧһʮֿĵ£һ԰棬ͷ羰ۿҹɫѾʼʣҪȥٲȴ֣Ҫٵһߡ
ƽѩ̫ܵľٶҪȥٲִⲻӣҲʱ򣬴ԱߴˣһλεĵһӾͳ嵽ǰ˵٣Ǯ
û뵽ڹ԰٣ƽѩٲȫɵˣٲκεķӿڴóǮԹԵؽٷˡ
˷ǳĵСյǮٷˣƽѩƯģ̾ģٳȻٵɫ
ٲٷ˷Źǣٷ˸ΪõͼĲС
ٲһŵҲҳƽѩŽٷ˹㼱æٲȣٲȴҲǰֱƽѩٷߣȥ
ٲųǰƽѩٷﲻϵţһ¶Ҫ˺ơ
һƬС֣ٷۿžҪóѣʱֻһӰɱƽѩҲ֪˭ֻǿһŵӰܹ֮ͽٷ˿ʼ
ٷû뵽ŵ˹ȷƽѩȥԸǰˡ
˿ٷ˷Źеܣ
ƽѩδȲŷӦæİȹԶȥ󵽵ôˣҲ֪
֮ܳٲľҲˣʧʹٲοʧһӺŶûУȻܣŽٷ˽ߡ
ȵºƽѩļ˺ٲļ֪󣬶ǴǾҲҪưһڣٷȫץ񣬱ͽ̣ˣǲܱôأǲˣҽٳƽѩٲûǹǾˡ
Ȼˣƽѩȴ֪˭ʱҲûп˵ĿĴҲûҵ˾ͷ·һӢۣҲʧˡӦûܵ˺º϶ֻ֪Ҫû˺ͺܰοʹҲˣͷҲǺףˡ
飬ƽѩһʱĬϵļںȾƣĿһ˵ʱȴʱǸ˵Ӱ
̫ˣиоôɣղž͸о·ѵĻ漣֣ҵǸ
ϪǸҶƽǱũģڰʡǴ𣿡ƽѩһϪʵ
Ϫ˵ѧڰʡϵģӦǴɣѩ㣬ʲô
ƽѩ˼һֳȴ˵ûûʲôֻʣоǰʶһˡ
ѩ㣿ҰйһʡϪ˵
ƽѩȴס𼱣һԸ㲻ùˡ


070 
Ҷƽ֪˺ȵԽԽٲ˶ȵöˣ֪ȡˣֿʼȭȾƵϷϼֵܶѾûҪҶƽ뷨ΪǺȵˣ֪ĻһӦϷˡ
ҶƽѾ͸ⷽĹ򣬱֪ϼֵܶ˸ս˸ܣ󲿷־ƶ˺ˡ
ĸˣȥоȵʵǲˣƽѩĽҲ˹֪ǲҪٺˣٺǾˡ
֪˵Ļ̧ͷ˿ܲˣƽѩͿҶƽҶƽ㲻ҪǺˣҺ˵仰
Ҷƽ֪ΪʲôҪԼ˵ֹͣ˲ȭΪߵԱߣٲһƽѩҶƽеԱߣȻƺȵò٣ͷԻһˣҲͣҶƽƽѩߵԱߡ
ƽѩߵԱߵɳϣҶƽЩȵ֮ƽѩܽǸеš
ƽѩ֮ʵûУ
Ҷƽæ˵ûûû¡
ҶƽŽ͵ӣƽѩ̿Ц벻ô㿴Ǽɲˡ
Ҷƽ͵һۣҲЦǿܺȵñҶɣ
ƽѩЦ֮󣬱ɫض˵Ҷƽǰڰʡ𣿡
Ҷƽ֪ʲô˼˵ʡϵĴѧ꣬ҲǱ
ƽѩһͷ˵ûУֻȥһһǵ飬Щ£
Ҷƽæʵʲôˣ𣿡
ƽѩͰѵ귢ǼҶƽ˵һ飬Ҷƽ֮󣬾סˣ벻ôɰɣѵԼµǸ˾ƽѩ
ƽѩ˵֮ͣһ¾˵ҪûǸˣҲ֪ᷢʲôֱҲ֪֣ûмкܶԵҸоҺǣǿҵˡ
ƽѩĻҶƽȴǻʱոϴһνǳţ»ðɳӣڴʱϲ򱧲ƽѧУҲ棬һ£ɢǸСֵУţͻȻڽٳһŮʱҲò̫е϶ʲôˡ
һ龰붼ûж룬ͳ˹ȥȥ֮ٷ˾ͳˣŮϽܣȻٷˣˣӦǡ
Ȼŵʮݣּһ֦ӣһӾȴһٷ˵ĵһٷ˿ǳʱǸ˲ŮˣֻҪҶƽ
ҶƽŮԶˣҲսһ֮󣬱תܣٷ׷һῴ׷ϣȻҲˣ㲻׷ˡ
֮ҶƽȥٿģһûȥŮӦѾˣȥ֮Ҳûʲô˼ת߻ѧУˡ
صѧУԺҲûи߱ˣһոϴѧ£δҲû̫£үү̵ˣҪͼ˼ҵĻرʹҵŮҲǵõ˼һлѡ
¾ʹŮıӰȴӡԺ֮УɫȹӣƮݵͷȻûпӣ֪϶һƯŮ
ȥˣʱǸеǶôѪգҪǷڣҪٷ˴򶷿ҲҪһˣϴϪһٷһֻǳ䲻򵹡
ŵ飬Ҷƽֿ˿ƽѩ治ţǵǸŮղŵһۼʱǸеЩʶǸ뵽ΪǼʶ
ôƽѩ˵£ôȥˣбҪ
˼ƽѩʵҶƽʲôأֻǵõӰмƣԲûڰʡǱ
ƽѩݣҶƽٴοһ˵ҶҲǸоʶҲţҵȹǸŮ㣡
˵ʲôҶƽĻһ˵꣬ƽѩ۾վҶƽȾֻϲȻץסҶƽֵҶƽ˵ʵôһ£
Ҷƽ˿ղҾǳһ£ʱҼŮŰɫȹӣһӰ֮ҾҲûмղһ˵ҼҪû뵽ǸŮ㣡
һҶƽĻƽѩϲصҶƽµǸŮһңôһֱѰǸҵˣҼŻҵˣû뵽㣬Ҷƽʽ˵лл
ƽѩסҶƽ֣ʮֵļϪĽ˲֪ʲô£æܹʵǸʲôأ
Ľƽѩ˵ס˵ҵǸҵˣ
˵ָҶƽĽ֪յ£Ҳ֪˵£û뵽ᰲţƽѩ󣬱߽Ҷƽ޵㵱Ǻ¸ң
Ҷƽæվæ˵ûʲô˭ģ
ƽѩ˵⻰תͷɨһٲߵǿδأС˲Ųô
Ҷƽ֪˵ٲģΪʱֻƽѩһգ˵Ϊء
ٲڶƽѩҶƽΪҲһֱڻƽѩͺƽѩһҲƣʱΣգһ˵ǿ϶ҪȱԼģȻҲ뱣ƽѩǶԷȴŵСǣǿ֮ݵģȻϲƽѩҲðա
֪ƽѩ黹ޱȵļƽѩȴǿˣԸˣȻż֧֣ͥ˼ԣٲȷʵûãͷҲ֧ٲˡ
ٲȻ֪ҶƽƽѩղƽѩҶƽǽ̸Ҳֻһǰģûȫ㲻˵ʲôƺʶһЩˣΪƽѩǸ˵ӣе뵱йء
ʲôˣһ룬ٲ˹ȻЩͷԻѵġ
ƽѩ߹ҶƽҶƽߣǳȥ̸
˵ֱ֮ӾҶƽȥˣĽں棬Ϫ׷û׷ϣƽѩҶƽ˳
ҶƽҲ֪ô죬ϡͿƽѩĳ˳֮ƽѩĽ
ĽƽѩĻ֮󣬾ͷ˳Ȼ׷ķϪһкˣ֪Ҳ˹ϪʵСãʲôˣҶƽôƽѩһˣ


071 Ϫ
ҶƽƽѩĳԶȥϪֱŵ磬ѩҶƽˣʲô°
վżķϪ֪һ˵Сã׷ʲôˣ˸￪ˣ
֪Ҿʲô˵£Ȼѩ˵ӣžˣԭǲʶϪҶƽƽѩˣͷоֵֹģ۾ˡ
֪ҲƣתҲ߹ٲʵϣô£ƽѩ֮ôˣôһ㣬ϳҽΪڴᣡ
ٲҲһı֪ṩһ᲻ƽѩᣬӲϣƽѩ϶Ҫˣû뵽ȻҶƽСˣ뵽ϪϪ˵ʵҶƽ˭ʲôͷΪʲôƽѩʶ
һ˷Ϫһ֪شϣҶƽҵѣûɣȥɳƵģ
Աһ˵Ϫ˵ͬѧôˣĸ˵滰
֪һϻ˵ʲô滰ٻѣϪҲǺѣʲôҿǸǲǾƺȶˣǲǣ
֪Ƣˣٶ˵֪֪ƢҪҲҴ۴ǸһҲ
ٲ֪ļ˵֪Ǹ˼ֻŪѵĵϸƽѩôˣҲû˵һ˵βΣúõһۻҲǲ
ٲĻ֪˵һͷô£Ǵˣʶƽѩˣúõһۻᣬ벻ôҿҲûҪٽȥˣظļҰɣ
ٲҲûٴˣ֪Ļˣ֪ŷϪȥ·ϣͷ˵޾ɵӣСãôˣҶƽƽѩȥˣӦʲôˣƾͻˡ
Ϫҡҡͷû˵⸱ӣ֪ʵСãǲϲҶƽˣӣ緢еͷˡ
û뵽ֱ֪˵⻰Ϫæ˵˭˵ϲˣֻѩΪʲôߣǰӦǲʶġ
֪˵˵ʶʶûʲô㲻ҪĳҿϲҶƽˣȻǲҪ֪϶ͬһġ
֪ԿһӰѷϪ˵ˣ磬㵽˵ʲôҸû뷨ֻǰɺѣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ
ϪȻˣ֪æ˵ֻѣôˣȻֻǺѣλûʲôΣգ㵽׵ʲôѩܺ𣿡
˵ϣٿޣˣϪæֹס磬ǻؼңʲôûʲôˣ
ӣ֪ҡҡͷ׽ԴҶƽԺ󣬲֪ʲôƽѩҶƽˣȻĳ
ųصңϪһţֱӳԼȥȻ˭Ҳˣٸе֣߹֪ô¡
֪̾裬Ҳ֪ΪʲôǸҶƽйϵ˵ϣ
˵ǸСҶæʵ
֪СҶ˻ǲģ֪ôġ
һپ͸оˣʵǸСҶأǳˣ
֪˵ĳʲôܰôᳳܣƽѩСҶˣȻþˣ˵ϲҶƽˣϣգӣ
һʱʲôˣͷ֮е⣬ڿȻģСѾͷǲǿƽѩǸҶƽԴˣ
뵽ʵСѩѾͷôСҶˣ֮ʲôϵ
֪һ޹ص֪ʲôϵרŰٲģ˭֪ᷢ飬ǸٲҲòᣬѳСҶˣСҶҲǵģǾ͸£˺üˣ
һʱҲ벻ףⲻĵ⣬ڹĵԼŮǧҪ³ʲô飬ǸҶƽũСӣȻǶ˵ӣҲԼŮˣŮϴѧеĻð͵ȥɲҶƽʲô
飬پס⣬Ȼ֪˵С㲻ҪٴСȥǸҶƽˣүͿˣҪ֪ǻᷢ£Ҳһġ
֪ûзٵ뷨ΪҶƽϪٵģֻôӦ
Ҷƽƽѩ˳Ľųһ¿ľưɣ֮˾˳ƽѩҶƽ߽档
֮󣬱һСİ䣬ƽѩҪһƣȻҶƽϣҶƽ֪Ҫʲô˿
ƽѩ΢Цһµȵưɣ׾ƺ˲٣ٺˣȵӦû£Һһ㡣
ĹҲѺƵϣЦſҶƽҶƽŮԼ鶼֪ôˣƽѩѾƵ˵ղôæһûüϪθǴкأ
ƽѩЦû£ǿҴˣҺ˲ɣ
ƽѩ˵⻰Ҷƽ̺Ȼ̫ԣǸеڷȣæ˵Ҳ˼ֻǾòò
ĽǺǵЦѩҪл㣬гһһģûе£ģѩǳԿףȻ㿪߾Ϳˣ
ĽƽѩЦһ£Ȼ³Կ׾Ҫȥû뷨ģһ룬ĻǸƽѩҶƽһҪˡ
ƽѩҲû뵽ʱҪߣ̧ͷһôߣ
ĽЦû£ҡ
˵ƽѩûĽתˣˣҶƽЩִٲģֻƽѩˣ˵Щʲôأ
űЩŵҶƽƽѩ°ЦҶƽ֪жζ뵽ַʽҵľˣղҵһۼʱҾڤڤ֮иеʲô鷢벻淢ˣԵ
һҶƽڳ̧ͷƽѩҲû뵽ǣȻθϪۻᣬҿ϶ǲ֪ǸŮ㣬ȫεĸоһ㶼ţ


072 
ҶƽһƷһºƣһ૵˵ţƽѩһ˫ĿͣؿȻеЩ˼ѾӦˡ
Ҷƽ껰֮ƽѩЦҶƽⱭҾ㣬ٴʾл
ƽѩ΢Ц紺ӣҶƽӢ۱ҲѱоƵ˵Сһ׮ȫˣ⣡
˵꣬һ˺ƽѩǺһЦ˱оƵһ룬Ȼ˵ҶƽҸղſȽϾнģں˰ɣ
ҶƽЦǴСǾЩЩŰڿ֮ҲǿԽġ
ǺǣƽѩЦ˵ȻǿԽģǵ˲ʲôҰְֻ﹤أϪ˵㻹
ҶƽϴϪθȥƵʱüƽרԱҲܺͰףͬʱֺϣҼͼһţ
ҲţΪʲôƽѩؿҶƽ˵
Ҷƽһֽ⣬˵أеţںöˣˣ㳤ʵ̫Ưˣ
Ҷƽ˵̫ƯĻƽѩ̿ЦΪҳƯͽŰǲǼƯŮӶţ
ҶƽæҲǣֻһЩΪڲͬ޷ݸռʱĸо
˵⻰ҶƽȻͷһںһΣƽѩĻɫҲ΢һ£ʵҶƽҲڲͬĸоñͣһ̧ͷЦҶƽǲû̸
⻰ʵֱ̫ˣҶƽǺ͵ûйģֻǽ㲻̸
ʲôнƽѩЦʵ
Ҷƽ̧ͷ˿Ǽ˵໥һøУǴѧҵɢˣӡ
ƽѩֺǺǵЦ˵ҸоЩǲӣ
һ˵ҶƽͻȻ˵ֻⷽЩ󣬵ϣҲˡ
ƽѩЦһµͷоҶƽǳӣŷǳǿҵĽȡģģ竵ӵܱġ
Ҷƽʲôʱȥƽѩ⡣
Ҷƽ˵ɣүүҸ׻ߣǻҪת羰ûת꣬θ绹Ҫתأת֮Ҿͻȥ
ƽѩһȻ㻹ܴ죬ҪҴ绰֪үүתתȻΪ˱лྩתһתɣ
𣿡Ҷƽһǳһ¡
ƽѩЦʲôģû£ȥתһתɡ
ƽѩ˵ҶƽҲٷˣ˾͵ͷһֺһƣȻƽѩͺһ߳ưɣ˳ס޵ľƵꡣ
˾Ƶ֮ƽѩкȻͿˣԶȥҶƽʧص˾Ƶꡣ
ʱѽҹҶƽص֮˯ˣȴǲͣƽѩӰӣû뵽µо֮ƺһԵ֣Ȼ֮ļͥλ⣬ȴ֮ܵľԽԽ
ڶһ磬ƽѩ֪Ļ磬͹ʸ֪ûУ˵ѾˣֱϳͿˡ
Ҷƽ֮үүһϳȥƽѩĳȸּƽѩ뿪Ƶ֮ûȥ㣬һԷ
˲ſڣҶƽһ˳Ϊֻˣȴһ֮󣬾Ϳһ֡
ƽѩ͸˵˹ȥҶƽҲֻø˹ȥ˸ǰ֮ƽѩЦŶ˵衣
˵֮ƽѩֶ˵裬Ǹ¶ͽҶƽ
ƽѩҶƽɨȥǳĺͰһ󣬸оЦЦСҶлл㣬³Ե㷹ɣ
ҶƽͬʱҲڴһ£˸оȽϺͰ⣬ҪǸеǳʣȫɢһָ߹ٲ࣬ƺͬٵĸ߹ƺһ־ǧ֮ĸоǰˣҲƽѩ赹ûС
ãҶƽòؽһȥ
ƽѩҲЦŶ˵裬ҶƽҰְֻģ
ЦЦǼҵĴˣְֻ֪ɣ
ƽѩЦʱ϶֪Ժͻ֪ˣʱȥһơ
˵ʲôˣҶƽƽѩ˵껰֮æ˵̣Ҳҵʱ˭ˣȥ˵ģֻʱˣͽʵ̫ˡ
ƽѩȴ˵ǿɲһʱٲŵðұٳˣʹһҲҶʱֻҪӴһ㣬ƴͽôţ
ƽѩ˵⻰Ҷƽ֪ʱٲƽѩ˵ѩȥ¾ͲҪˣҵ˵ˣҲˣԺҪ˺òã
費ԸйȥӰԾҪȥ£ƽѩӦһȻһ˵㷹
극֮ƽѩ͸ҶƽһȥתһתҲûעⰲȫʹشӦˡ
ȥҲ˼ԼŮϴСˣǵЩӵܽ˲٣ûһеģǸٲڻڵȴͬ⣬ҪȵʲôʱŽ飿
Ҷƽ뿪˲ƽѩǳĲҶƽ㷢ƮƮӣûϸոռʱģ
ʵ֮ǰԸӵģڲ࣬Ƿ֮Ըȫˣ˸еӣҵ˵ˣһӴӹȥӰ˳ԸͿʼָȥӣҶƽ֪ġ
Ҷƽʲôų·ϣƽѩЦҶƽһ䡣
ҶƽЦɲһͨͨСɲˡ
ƽѩǺЦһµѧҵô뵽ȥ
ҶƽҪ£ǲǶҪӹҵķ𣿡
ƽѩЦ׼һֱȥ
ҶƽĿǰһû뿪뷨
ƽѩ˵ͷû˵ʲôҶƽ˿ʵ㹤ûУ
ƽѩҸողμӹྩѧǱ߹һʦ
ʦҶƽţôõļͥôֻȥһʦ
ô㲻ŰҴӹոѧ뵱һʦԾȥһʦˣϪҲʦѾǽˣƽѩЦ˵
ҲʦҶƽһ£˵ҾõѧʦĲʱɣ֪ʶ򽻵˱ԽԽƷζ
ƽѩǺһЦ㵱ôȥʦ
ҶƽЦҲʸ񰡣ֻܵȥ


073 ׼ȥ
˵˵ЦЦҶƽһ϶ûʸȥѧʦģƽѩȴѧڹ⣬ûеģ˵ؼ˼ҵļͥʲôɲɰ
һ·˽̸ţȻһ㣬ʵҶƽڵҲھϣϪòƽѩܸоһʲôһָо˵ĸоϪССõĸоƽѩڳ֮һɬֲǷϪɬһϵ˵ں
Ȼû̫ȻԼȹǵλ⣬ˣˡ
ƽѩĸоһʣҲֶԵʣһȻŮ֮ȫȴڵûйָоԭٲһʱȫĲͬ
ƽѩԼǰӣҶƽ治֪˵ʲôõĸоֻͬˮϷԧ죬뽻ܴﵽһľ硣
ƽ벻뵽ھתһȦƽѩ
ҶƽȻ뵽һˣֵܱǰǳ˵ƽѩ֮ûнʲôϵ˼˵ܾһֿԱЦЦ湤ͦʵģǣҵǲ֪ܸʲôˣһҶϤũ壬ҲϤũ壬ڼ繤ܸһЩ
ҶƽĻƽѩһؿЦ㵹Ұְ֣±Ƚ̤ʵֻʣû˼
ҶƽǺǵЦҿû˵뵽˼ֻ˵أЦƽѩһ˦˵ʱȥ㹤ĵص㿴ģ
Ҷƽо⻰˵ñȽͷæ˵ãھǹæֺܲ
ƽѩɨһ۵ôˣҰְֲҲһֱ﹤ٲҲȥɣ
ҶƽЦȥˣ϶еܳԾģְйСϡ
벻ʲôһĵطƽѩ뵽жôĲ˵ŵʱȥְ֣ȻҶƽĵطһ
תһƽѩʹҶƽȥķ緹ԺҶƽؾƵȥƽѩйҪͻؾƵ꣬ȻϵʽǰƽѩͻȻһʿֱŵϣ˵ƽûʲôʾлģһֱϰɣ
û뵽ԼҶƽŷŵԼֱæ˵̫ˣҲûʲô͸㣡
ƽѩЦ°ɣԺҪ͸ң
˵꣬ƽѩͿųˣԶȥıӰҶƽվľȻͣʮӣϻζƽѩÿһ̡
һת߽Ƶ棬Ǹֱúõղƽѩ͵ǳ󣬵ȥʲô˼ң
ھƵͷϢ飬磬үүϵˣֻ֪ǻģ֪æ˹θ磬ǻˣ
֪һ۵ѾתˣүүֶԸתˣҪֻðͻˡ
춼ȥתҶҶ˶Ըתˣ̫ۣηǳˬ죬ҲǺ۵ġ
ֻ֪һүүϵҶƽһθ磬Ϫûһȥ
֪̱òã˵ûȥȥѧˣʲôʱȥ
֪ŶҶƽģǷƽѩȥ飬÷ϪˣŪҲû飬ֱʲôʱȥˡ
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֪˵Ҷƽ˵θ磬鷳ǣײǱ˵һ£һǾͻȥͷ£´档
֪ǿЦҪٸ͸УҰֹţ
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Ҷƽ˵Ҳ֪ǺãҾȻȥˣǻȥһעⰲȫ
֪ҶҶ˴кȻˣҶƽߺȻŻص䣬Ҷڴ۵òᣬҶϢš
Ҷ̧̧۵ƽȥˣôûһȥ
Ҷƽһ۵б飬үүô
Ҷɫ˵ȥ˹ʹʵ۴ĵطǺðүүеˣҲŲô
˵˵Ҷ忴˵˵ңһ·˵ͣȺ۵㣡
үү˵Ҷƽ߹ȥүүû°ɣһǾͻȥ
ҶȥǼã⾩ǰҲͿһ۾ˣܶȫۣȥҲˡ
ҶһҪȥ˵ôôҪȥٴٿ𣿼Ҳûʲôũٶ첻𣿡
Ҷһ˵һ۵ҪҺƽȥô
Ҷ̲˵ˣһǻת򣬵ʱؼҲزȥˡ
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⻰˵þͲˣҶѵ˵ʲôǰѹŽ͵ģʲôϵҪ˵ϽһؼҴȥ
Ҷе㲻صǽ͵ĲǼҵĴ֮ǼҵǲҪô˵ûйϵ
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ҶһɶҲ˵ˣڴϢɣ


074 
ڶһ磬Ҷƽүүϵʰһ뿪ǣȥǰΪûеģǵϳҪߵʱֻϪͻȻųˡ
һҶƽæ³ʱûԼʱ죬еܳأһЦЦӡ
ϪڻȥˣллǼҶǵдҶƽһ¸л
Ϫɨһۣȴ˵ƽѩȥʲôˣ
û뵽⣬Ҷƽһʱţ˵ûûʲôǳȥתһתѧǰɣû㣡
ҶƽӣϪˣɫһ£Ȼ˵λȥʲôʱǣ
Ҷƽ˵뾩ôԶһ˲㣬ˡ
ϪҪʱȥ㣬Ҫϵأ
ҶƽЦϵģҪҾͲ˰ɣôԶ·һ˲ȫҪٷô죿
һ뵽ϴٷ˵ӣϪһµ˵ٷʲô𣿡
ҶƽЦ˵Ҫǲ߲鷳Ҫɣʱҵ㣬ͲҪȥˣǱߵΰã㿴вУ
ϪһЩˣ˵һҪҴӦȥྩѧһûȥأ
ȷʵˣҶƽЦǺã´һȥ
һҪѧӢأϪͻȻ˵
ǺǣҪеʱɣȻȥԼѧϰţҶƽЦ
ϪӣҶƽοһ£ҪˣҲٶ˵ʲôҶƽϳȥվԭسٳû뿪
ϳԺҶƽ֣վҲЩпϪ̫ˣʲôأ˼Ǵ˼ҵӵܣǷ룬Ǿǳˣ
һ·Ϻ˼ţƽѩͷϪ˵ӰϵײţҶڳͻȻ˵ƽҲϴСˣʲôʱҴϱң
ĺĺƽˣԼϵȴ⣬Ҷƽһ˵صȰɣû飡
СӣҶǳҶƽ̬ȣΪãڵ˵
ҶԱ˵ӵôʲôƽģ£ܹܳ
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ҶƽƳ˷극֮ףӴ˰óͻز磬ҶƽȻȥףӴֻͬ⣬һֱóͻȻְүүϵͻ˽塣
ص֮Ҷƽ죬棬Ҧΰڶڣһæ˹ӭӡ
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ʲôҥԣҶƽֵʵû뵽ճȥ죬ھͻڱ£ֲøղżʱЦòȻ
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Ҷƽӣһˣȥȥˣ֪Ҷƽ϶аš
ƽ֪¾ˣʲôҪҺģ˵һɫ˹Ҷƽһ˵
ҶƽͷȻ߳˷䣬ĺ棬ıӰȻЩԣȴһĳ嶯ܱʵͺˣ
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ڰ칫ǰҶƽ£оСȷʵܿɶ񣬵ȴֱȥҲϣ˾ģһͷȴǱûţԸôأ
£Ҷƽһ뵽ȥ֮ǰҦΰһ飬»᲻Ǹ㵽һ𣬹ģȻģпܣΪһڵûģֻڱ֧ʹԸһڣҲûá
뵽Ҷƽе⸴ˣ˿Լ͵ϵείίԱǲٺãҲἵΪѣҲûа취ҪƳìܣֻԼ֮ľ룬ֻ߳һ㣬ǻἵʣ߳һأôֻĽˣ˾ôһҪƳ⣬


075 ڵϢ
ڿҶƽ֮ͷеţϾԼ»е飬Ȼµı˲ơձ˵֧֣ϾҶƽ¹Ҷƽ֪ڸ϶ûùӳԡ
һȴĵִһЩͷһֱҶƽ֮ԱΪŵĹϵϴεǸչ׵ĺ˵Ҷƽĺ̨ǵ칫ҵһΣϵͦӵģ˳
ҲģҪȻҶƽôεô죿ԭҪģͻȻ֮任Ҷƽ϶è壬ԲܲŰ
˵Ҳɣһͬѧʤڵ칫ҵθƼ飬ףӴ߹ȥ棬һ죬ȻĵҶƽ£ϾҶƽ˲ǻΪǷ̸ʵġ
̸ҶƽΣᵽҶƽĹϵ⣬ҶƽĹϵ˵һ£ʤһ˵˵ףĸɲйϵ
ڱɲôģҶ˵Ƕŵġ
ʤ˵ףǰǰ˵֣һҵеˣһףεף˵·һˣͽҶʲôȻ˴ףȻͻˣʡٵģʱҲôһᣬҲû⣬ѵֹϵ𣿡
һɵۣ˵ʤȷֻ֮żǸףôᵽʲôף
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תתӣ˵ǵ쵼ܲʱȥֱҵҶƽǶǣΪҶƽ϶Źϵˣ
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ںǺǵЦ˵㵱Ȼǵ쵼ˣֻһ㲻˵ҵź֣ؼʱæ
ʤһԵõصڣæǰﲻϣСæһܰϵģȻֻһССĸƼ飬ûʲôְ񣬵Ҹ쵼ߵýĸɲǻһӵģúøɣʱŪһְٰģ
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ĻȻţ֪ľѳۣܺ˳˵˵ˣǾڴ˳˵ҶƽȷʵɵòҲģҪϴȥףӴҶƽ֮ĹϵȷʵǱȽܵģʹżҲСﰡ
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ʱͷٰһɰ࣬ҪȥѧϰĻܾܿȥѧϰˣܴҲҪȥѧϰȷʵǸոΣѧϰһҲΪܴ󸻲÷ӣͬ
֮ҪȥسѧϰҪһ£۲Ĳңȥע⣬Ҳȥרˣ෴һЩõԣ϶ʱһ˵ʲôһЩ˵ĵˡ


076 ȥУѧϰ
Ҷƽһ͵ίУѧϰȥˣȻǽ˳һߣĹܴʱ̣ڵ˶εĳƺˡ
ҶƽҲ޷ƽЩı䲻˲ܴ󸻵ľɴ಻ȥ¡س֮󣬾ίУ
֪ίУѧϰȻǷǳĸˣȥӭ˵˵ЦЦŽίУ
ƽǿʱúһˣһѧϰٵڣҾ͸˵ضҶƽ
ҶƽЦǲǵøϿΰ
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̾һҲ밡ĸ쵼Ե޹ʵܵίУʶңΰɣ
У쵼ûʶ𣿡Ҷƽʵ
һҶƽ˵⣬˵ʶңŰɣԼ֪ô쵼ʶأ
˵Ҷƽ룬ίУĹһвûʲôʵȨ˭Ҫб棬ǵУ쵼ҲһֱųȥأҲҪ쵼ʶġ
ҶƽЦЦû˵ʲôûңȴɡ
˵ҶƽסᣬȻһСʱУпʽί֯ϯʽ
εɰҲһһİ࣬ѧϰĶһĸɲҶƽǸƼĸɲͼಢԵôӣӵĻֹίǹӦ仰ǡ
ʽҲû˼Ψһ벻ǣʱƾΪѧԱԣǼǵ˵ģѧԱʱ뵽ȻУ׼һѧԱԣǷʱҶƽΪԡ
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ǽ˽μɰ飬һԼѧϰ̬ȣԼɰ߸ҪãȫѧԱίٰɰĸлȻᵽĹĺ͹ػΪѧԱ˵һΡ
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ʽԺרŰеУһ칫ȥ֮ЦСҶôѧϰˣ
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ФΪҶƽ˵ɲôģԱѩϿǻ˲˼ôķģǿǸľΪ˷ǳѵ˼лᣬŪڣһȫˣ˵ҵùù
ùҶƽһѿڶФоȵذһ£Ͻ͵ҵ˼˵ɵĲȥµĲͿź佫ںþۺɢȻƯǾֳǧ𣬿ڵĶؼܲߵһڿǸڵĶеʱ͵óԼ꣡
ҶƽĻФһʱ۾Ҷƽ˵ƽ˵ľ͸ǽƵģѵˣ
ҶƽҲ˿˵Ҳ֪ҾҪԼıģǧҪȥ׷ʲôԼĶǿǵòģ


077 Ҷ
ҶƽеĻФǰûҶƽ٣ڿ˼Ҷƽ⣬ˣ˵ʲôǱȲ˼ˣ
Уɢ˾ɢˣҲ̫ϣڵ͵λҲŲɣҶƽְοһ䡣
Ф̧ͷ˿˵ƽʲô̬ȣڻͦģ
һ˵Ҷƽ˵㲻볣ԵɣѾ˼ҵĸ͸ˣڻ˼ң
Феɫһ죬Ҷƽ뷨ģҶƽæҶƽ̬ȣǲ˵ˣֻ˵ҲǸ˼ֻǾеԲסȻеίȥ֣ҺԱѩˣ
Ҷƽ˿̾˵У˵㰡ͬѧҶ˵ܲˣ¾Ͳôģڸͷգ˵ͼʲôǱͲˣԱѩ߿Ҳûˣ͵һҶʲôӺɷҵΪأίôõƽ̨㲻ŬȥҪȥʸ֦ʹ˸֦ãѵˣҽҪɣȥһҵ˵ܴһƬ
ҶƽĻЩ̶ˣԭФп϶ˣпܸҶƽգŪ棬ȷʵԼɵģҶƽ˵ʵǲˣҲֱӱֳˡ
ƽ֪ˣллˣȻȥˣФҶƽ˵껰֮ҪߣоˣҶƽҲˣҪ߾߰ɣȷʵԼɵģ˵ЩҲΪá
Фоȥߵ¥ݵʱңҺһֻǴӦһ£ûֱˡ
ȥҶƽķ䣬ҶƽԺʵƽФǲˣ
ҶƽղŹһᣬոߣˣ
ҵкģСǲ˸֦ˣ
Ҷƽǣ鲻ãǸԱѩˣ֦ûϣ
ûϣԵúܾȣǰ绰Фʲôʱ飬Фл˵ˣûҪɢ˼ͻȻ֮ȴ˵ɢˣǾ档
ҶƽͰ˵ˣҲǺܸ̾ЩͬѧгҶƽ֮⣬ȽϳɫľФˣίĸɲԺǰ;ԶģϾֳĸ֦Ժǰ;˵ˣȴʧǰ㣬ؼʱӸ֦ˤ
Сʱǲص˸֦˾ֳĳ˵ԺͲˣͷһ£ҾҲǺõģ˵ǲƽ˵
ҵĻеģҶƽͷ˿ͻȻʵϰҵûУ
ɫ̺һ˵ûģⵥλã󲻺ңФί죬һϰͳֻ֣ҸԱѩĶûκ⣡
ҶƽЦЦⵥλҲĵλģĵλҪ
Цǲλȣ˵ѾǸƼɲˣίֱ֯ӹ쵼ɲˣôȣôǲǺһƨɵƯŮˣ
ҶƽǺһЦϰŵģ¹ģҵͲˣسǿģ˼Флֻ̤ܽȰ
Ҷƽȴ̾ʲô𰡣˿ҾͲˣˣͷûбȽ۵Ůӣҽһ
벻һŮӵ⣬Ҷƽɨһ۵Ůܿϣ
ҵʲôϵģֻҪУܺʵľУ
Ҷƽһ룬ͷð˵ӰͷҲñȽˣ֮ǰФ̸δܿϰأ˵Լûǲǵŵ󱸰
Ȼȥһ˾Ǽƽѩ˼ǿǸ̫ˣʵʵػҪҶ󰡣
һ룬Ҷƽ˵ϰһȥɫһ£кʵģҾ͸һ£
Ҹ˵صƽллˣߣȥԷɣٲʳûˣ
ҶȥˣҶƽæͰһܵУʳóԷ
ʳԺȻȥԵ˲٣ŲٵѧԱԣ˾һط£֮ͿмŮһ
һҶƽˣվӭӣΪҶƽΪѧԱԣһɰİ೤ȻѧԱǵУģҸӦ򵽿ԵʱùǾ鷳ˡ
ҶվӭҶƽæô£Ȼ໥ʶһ£һܣͷһԷģĸɲһĸɲлһλɲ⻹һֵŮͬ־֪ûн飬úǺÿҶ˺üۡ
ĸɲҶƽû⣬ǸֵĸɲΪùĵλʶˣԺʲô¾ͿֱϵæͲҪȥҸ߿ˣʲô黹Լĺá
ܣҶƽ֪Сٻְ칫ҹҽԺϵʲô϶ܰæġ
ҿҶƽҲȤΪҶƽҲСٻˣﻹеģǵҲ˵ʲô
СٻñȽûн飬µȻֱҶƽҲûµ뷨Ҫύһ£Ϊ£֪ûнġ
ҶƽСٻԵñȽᣬĸָоҶƽãûнĻǿΪҵģλûָо
ȻСٻ˶ҶƽȽϹϾɰİ೤ͬʱǸƼɲǸһ㣬ĸɲȴû£Ϊ죬ƽʱ򽻵ģ˵ҶƽĵΣĸҲδػ
ԿԸܵɲԽԣҶƽҲ£Ҳû̫£Флίأʲô˲ġ
е㿴ߣ֮˵Фͬѧ£Ȼһ˵ĸɲСˣΪ˵ǱȲίģ˼ίͬѧĸɲҲûʲô˲ġ
˷ҶƽСٻһкͺͰһˣ֮󣬰Ҿ·СҶƽƽ㿴ղСٻô
һӾ˼ҶƽЦϰʲôǲǿ˼ˣ
ҺҲǣֻʣû˼
ҶƽǺһЦǲǹؼ֪˼ûж󣬽û鰡


078 С
ҶƽĻҺЦЦû˵ʲôͷԴһ£Ҳ̫õĵλûĻ˵Ϸ
죬ҶƽҪѧϰͬѧһ˷ȻѧԱҲȥԷ໥һ¸飬Ϥ˲ˡ
ȻǲһλֻҪϤˣҲԺ໥æڹٳϲҪùϵȻȥŹϵһЩ
ȥһΣһҶԼ͸ҽԺͦõģûΪҶƽһͷֻ࣬ҪûΪ㣬ľνˣʲôãɲȥǡ
ڸеΨһǷҶΪǸֳָĶӣֵĴʵ˵ҲûأֵֻĸֳڱţҪֵȥץֵĸֳͷҲŹϵģ쵼ɲֵĲòӡ
뵽飬Ҷƽûжٰ취ǲԵģȻ˸ô򣬶ӶԼԼûһ֮˵ˣҶһ֣ȴöԷץס˰ѱ
˼죬߿سǿᣬ绰֪Ū˸ֻ˸룬һϵĹߣ߿Ͳܴ󸻲ͬʱֻ˼쵼ֻƽ
ͨѺܹһ㲻õģ߿绰֮󣬱ԼһԷǹ
һĻ֣֮󣬸߿ְίһŮƳί칫ҵһаСƳһ˹
аСƿƳȥ߿죬һõĽţ߿ƺ׽㡣
С䳤÷ǳˮ飬ȥЩģҲܾɣԼʮңӦǽˣھͶ֮쵼ɲķ緶ڸ߿ǰȴԵ÷ǳǫ飬ûκεļӡ
ίŮƳӦ߿ҵϵ˳һ㣬Ǻ֣߿֮䲢СԵ÷ǳ飬϶Ӧ֪߿ǸŮûѧŰСͣıйء
֣ȻҲᣬ߿ĲһᣬͬһģͷһרģҶƽѧϰʱûãġ
֣ũҵᣬһũҵ磬ũҵҪҶƽҪýĹ׿ģһֱֹⷽĹûȥ飬֣Ҫܸ¾ͺˡ
ڿ֣ƽȣûʲôͷҲ̫ӣڻԭࡣ
һ꣬Сӵ绰֮ȸ˹߿ȺһкȻؽ̸ͬʱҲҶƽ۾һ·򻨴зһƯʻŮ˺һÿҲᱻ
ŰС£߿͸֣Ҷƽ֣ǼΣҶƽȴǵһμҶƽȻǵΣίɣҪεεʱ䲻ҪȻ˵С֣Ҳǵһμˡ
СͬҲǣһҶƽ֣ЦҶƽ֡Ҷƽ΢Цס֣еַǳĻȣ֮󣬾
£ŮƳˣЦЦ߿ͰСкȻ໥ʶһ£˵ˡ
Ȼ߿ҶƽԷسǵѧϰǽȻΪŮĶǹµģοûôƯ
ｻ֮䣬СԵ÷ǳԾϾί쵼ǾҲǺҶƽ˼Ȼ治ɫ˸еŮкܵ˼
С۾ͣؿҶƽЩ˼û뵽߿ڶҶƽҲͣԴǴ˵֮ⷽ󣬸߿ⶫ֮ĹϵԽԽжҶƽԽԽأֻûȥͱǲֽѡ
۲쵽С߿Щ⣬Ȼ֪СίرȽϷ˻ǲģԭί칤ʱദĺܺãû뵽һҶƽҶƽסˡ
ôҶƽ̫ӽûеʲôڰСȥҶƽɱʱ֣ĿǲϵؿС䣬ԭڵʱССŮܱġ
Դưǲϵ֮·ҵ˵ڶഺʱһҲˣһСȣǾǲܿˣֻ˼ҰСܶģһҲûС
ίŮƳǳɣҶƽǺܾأƣܺȣԺȵú١
ܿҳ˷˾ƣȻ߳꣬˷ſھҪȥ߿ںͰС估ŮƳʱһȴͻȻͣǵǰ
תͷһֻⶫһγҶƽڶμ棬ⶫڻڸ˳Ѿ칫ҸΡ
³֮ⶫЦ˹·һ۾Ϳ˸߿Ծͣ³Сһ˹Ǿ΢Ц紺ӣⶫȻǸӵҪأϾϵĵλҪȸĵλߡ
ôԷǰɣôһⶫ˹С򵥵شһк㳯߿ȥ
߿ڴ֮ͥ£㲵ӣǿЦͬѧϰҹһ£׽ֽˣԾһԶٷôϵ㣡
Ļⶫ̳ҶƽȥϴȻһ棬ʱһȴǼǲˣ߿ר̾
˾ͬ£ⶫһָܲòؿҶƽ˵
Ҷƽеʢˣڸ߿ǰҲ㷢Ҳ߿ⶫ֮Ĺϵ˵á
ˣⶫȻܲòûбֳʲô߿˵ҵͬҶƽǸոճ극Ҫˣ˼ˡ
߿ⶫôǰʢˣӣҲǲˬ㵭˵˾仰תϳҪߡ
̬Ⱥ䵭ⶫоԼϹȥҲǲõ淢˵һԷϵ㡣
߿ؼҵģһ˵˵ˣҪϲسǡ
С俴ӣ֪ⶫ߿֮⣬֪ⶫ߿֮Ĺϵģ֪ڸоͬİ·ⶫȥϲ߿߿ƺð
˵껰߿ֱҲ˲СǴкˣҶƽҲֱ˳Ȼһ˾ˡ
Ÿ߿ҶƽһȥⶫͺȻΪҶƽ߿֮ʲôϵǸ߿ܲˬԹ÷߿ϣȴҶƽһֵж֮⡣


079 ٴεǿ
ίУҶƽѧϰܣƵӭһչʷϵĴ£Ժ׼ƵУؼУȡԭؼУֱ쵼
ӭչĴ죬һίǵְλǳҪڳеͬһʱ䣬ʡίѾеҪ쵼˰š
ԭƵίθʡƽԶεһίǣгԭίµΡ
ʡίʡרǰһеʽƽԶ˶Ǻ棬µһȻҪӭһչĴ߳
һ¼ҶƽͷȻҲ˵ˣѧԱ˽Ҳ£һ̸ų£һҪί쵼ĵ
Ҷƽû̫£﷢̫Զ֪ˣҲ̫ȥ˽£ֻһĵףӴ᲻ƽԶί죿
ȻһģҲû̫⣬ίУѧϰ֮ͻصˣصһлվɣЩνھܵĳƺҲʧˡ
ڶԵǳ⣬ڳһеҦΰֲҪǳȥǵóⲻɡ
ȥ뵽ǿûһõܴ⣬ȻҦΰ⣬Щ˵ڣܴͳȽͷ۵¡
ȥҶƽֻܴ󸻣ܴȻ֧Ǵ̫Բԭ򣬴˵ǲôӽܴ󸻵ģԪΪˣվӵĻվԪһߡ
Ԫ֪ǲܴ󸻵ˣһЩ϶ԪûʲôһֱΪԼ絳ίİ칫Σһ˵İ칫Ρ
һϣԪϿɵģϵĲܴɫʹŨԪ˵ͻԼˡ
ڵòֵܴ֧£ҶƽԪİǿԪ糤ȻһЩϵüңǵһ˹ȨģͿԸԸԸձܴ󸻲᲻ͬǿ
ŲܴһسǿĻᣬҶƽһԪķ䣬̸̸ⷽ¡
Ԫڷ̣سǲ̵ģǵ˲繤Ժѧĳ̣ĸˣô࣬ܵĳΪѣܲ
ܴĴ֣Ϊ糤ֻܸںһЩ飬ܴ󸻵ìһֱţȻû̫Ҳ˾֪ˡ
ÿţҶƽһ糤˽ȥԪΪʲôҪʾ̧ͷûʾ¡
ԪӣҶƽЦһЦ˵糤ûпգЩһ¡
һҪ飬Ԫ֪к£ƽʱҲûһЩ飬ҶƽҲһĻᣬһ¡
ҶƽԪݸһ֧̣ڰ־˵顣ԪԼһžͳһںЦ˵СҶҺôʱҲ̣ί칤ʱͷҹдϣҲû̹벻ѧ˳̣Ҫǲϼڣ͸о˵ʲôҴһǱ̰
Ԫ˵ЦҶƽȽϷɣҲЦ﹤ѹ糤ͷ»ǲѧ̣һ䵹ǲýˣ
ԪǺЦ˵ǣڶˣصɩӶ˵ңû취鲻˰
Ⱦ⺮һᣬһ֮ĹϵԪǺܶⷽĽʵģ˵֮Ҷƽ˵糤ڵĹʲôûУҵεҲһʱˣ֪ⲻ⣬ָʾ
û뵽Ҷƽ̸ⷽ⣬ԪһۣʱϾҶƽǲܴ󸻵ˣ̸ⷽ£ܲɣȻϵ˵ҶƽһָʾٽһµĹҲеʱ˾ͻһЩ㸴ˡ
ҶƽĻԪһ£Ц˵СҶĹòģôǵˣ
ҶƽüһµҲҸ˸оǴһЩģҪǵԱϻһЩʱˣѱʲô⡣
Ҷƽί˵Ƿ⣬ԪҲǴˣһ˵͸оǲǶԵĸ˲ˣҪȻô˵ԱҲ˵ڵһЩ£ƺرԾҶƽӿ϶ˣԲ˵¡
ǲܴ͵ˣڲȥҲܴȴԼȴ˸е֣Լæڣ°첻вܴ󸻶ţû졣
ǵҲˣѵ㻹Ҫ˰ԪЦҶƽ˵˵˵Ҷƽˡ
ҶƽЦŽӻ糤ƽⰡǵ컹ٵԭǵ˻һϴǻ㱨ˣû糤취ǵٵһ˹õشٽǵĹ
ԪҶƽĻͷ˼ҶƽϲȥҲܴ󸻣ȴʲô˼òܴ֪ˣ񲻻
Ԫһ룬̧ͷҶƽҶƽϵģûʲôı֮Ķ뵽Ҷƽƽʱı֣оԼ£Ŀԣһѣ˵վһˡ
֮ҶƽûվһֻҪҲòܴ󸻲ɣȻĻᣬβְһ£
뷨ԪЦ˵СҶϴ˭ûͬ⣿
ҶƽԪ˵ееϣֱ˵ϴˮվǿȴСܸˣʵǿ˹Ƚ̤ʵʺϵĹȽϺãˮվǱûж£æǿԵġ
Ԫ˼ˣϴεȫǲܴ󸻵˼ֲòܴڱȽҶƽϲڣȴŵǿҶƽҪԭ
ǿˮվˣϴβܴûͬ⣬ҪɲУҪʲôأ
룬ԪǿҼȷʵˮվˣձͬô죿
Ԫ糤һ˵˵ϣҶƽЩ׼˵ǵֻǽһ£ƽʱˮվû£æʱȥᵢˮվĹվ˲ȫְɣ
Ȼ֪ձͬǿ칤ԭ򣬵ڻøձñԪȥ¡
ǣܷ֮ͶƱ


080 Ϸ
ҶƽĻԪһ룬һԣҶƽæҶƽӦԼȽϸˣԪĸ׽࣬ʾԺʲôԸ
Ԫ̬ȣͷȻܸˣҶƽᣬСһŵĹϵܰԼһǿһ£ŷӸ졣
ϰһǲܴ󸻣һձǿ칤ܴ󸻴ŲΪС¶ӣ˲ܴһغùһϰձձҲϲΪ糤̨֧棬ձͬ⣬ȴǲð졣
糤ձкܶˮվѵ£Ҫ糤һ֦ʵǩͬ⣬ֻҪúú˵˵Ҳ̫ӡ
ؼǵձǿ֮һĹϵͻȻҪǿ죬ձ񲻻ỳɣ
һ飬Ԫһ绰ձǿ칫ձӵԪ绰͸еɣԪʲô»ǿˮվ£ǵ
ձԪǿʲô£Ԫ͸һҪˡ
Ԫ˵ʲô£ԽԽձɣֻ֪ͨǿȥԪİ칫ҡǿҲǸе֣㼱æԺԪİ칫ҡ
ǿԺԪû˵ʲôһˮվĹʲôˣûУһЩйǿ˵顣
ǿʵ˻ش𣬵ȴ֪Ԫ⣬Щ֮󣬾ȥˡ
ǿһȥձԪʲôģǿҲûʲôģձɣ֪͸ˡ
ǿԪʵձһת˿ǿ²ǿû˵ٻ
ǿ˵ĻԪˮվĹȻһЩԪΪܹŹְΪʲôͻȻǿЩ⣿Ŀǲģ
оģԪûбҪǿļͥԿ϶ĿģϵĻӦԪעǿˣ˵ǿ֮佨ʲôϵˣӦǶǿ顣
ٴο˿ǿձе㲻Сǿˣܵõ糤ʶ˵糤֮ʲôϵ˵ͻᷢϴβܴǿҶƽ飬һҶƽҪǿʱ͸ˣ˵һɣòܴ󸻷뷨Ȼڸ˹ȥ
ǿҶƽйϵ£δɵСӣûʲôǿԪ˹ϵȻԪܴ󸻲ܴͣ󸻣һЩϻоȨģˮվʹźǿʵҲǺ糤Щվվòôԣ糤ǣҲ糤ǡ
뵽ձǿҲòĿ࿴ʱû˵ʲôһ滹ʲôûС
ԪǿԺû죬ֱӰձеԼİ칫ȥձ֮󣬱˵գҿվǿʹãʲô
ձһ£һתЦЦ˵糤վ˲࣬ǿˣǿûˡ
ǹ̽ԪһǿʲôףһԽԪΪһеġ
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Ԫ˵ձҲ޻˵ˮվְϰ࣬ͷҲֻ֪ûйܶѣһ˲õģ֪ͨЩϰ࣬Щ˲ԸҪ֪ͨЩ˿϶Ǳ籾еλˣʹҲõЩˣԪһᵽ⣬ЦԪô졣
糤ˮվĹҲæҲҪɱΪˮվûˮվҪҲûеίҪǣҪǿίҲܷסţֻҪʱ򣬵æˮվĹǸɣձȨһ£Ц˵
ڴӦˣԪͲٶ˵ĻСӾĺܣҪ糤Żһ£ô˳ǿҲûʲôͻӣ˳ˮǲɵˡ
ձǿû̽ʲôԪصǿ϶ŹϵģȻ̫þ
ձ̸˻ԪȫйֱȥҲܴ󸻣һ˵칤ѣȫǷֹܵĸǣڰͬʱҲҶƽ˹
ԪĴ֮òܴ֪ҶƽйأĻпòܴ󸻲ɣܴﲻĿˣȻòܴ󸻲Ҷƽ֮ĹϵҲǰǿ֮£ǿܴ󸻵ĻɣҶƽ϶Ϊ£ʹı
ȫҶƽеİ칫ҺԪͶ˵ȫСҶĹҸоҪǿȻڹɵҲ뵳ίҪǴһģҽٵ˽ǿһµΪô
Ԫ˵Ҷƽиеˮƽǲһ㣬Ϸ˵ģԪˣʡٵѹ
ȫû뵽ԪԵĹȻ˵ĺί񣬵϶ˣǷֹ쵼ȻҲΣҪҶƽϣԪĻһ˵꣬㿴Ҷƽô̬
ȫԼҶƽҲһۣ˵糤ĹǷȱҪҵΣ糤ΪҪˣǿû
˵Ԫ㿴ȫʵȫʲô
ȫһʱ㲻ԪʲôĿģҶƽ˵ûʲô˵糤ԭȷʵ࣬ҪĻҲûǲҪͲ˵һ£
Ԫ̿һ˵Ǹһ˶ѣͷҺͲǹͨһ£һǵ
Ԫ˱̬ȫҲֱӵԪ˵ûֻǲ֪Ҫ˭
ȫʣҶƽҲԪ˵ϷݵУǿ֡


081 ܴô
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ԪԼϷûЦͨãΪ֪顣
ԪЦЦûͬⲻͬ⣿
ҶƽϸЦͬ⣬һٸͬ⣬ϴǵվͬ⣬벻糤һͬˣ
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ȫ㱨һ飬ձԪҪͬǿˣһʱеǲˬϴԼ˵ҪǿɣԪҪˣȴͬˣСǲվԪһߣ
ܴһ£ȫҶƽ˵ʲô
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ܵ칤Ȼǳĸˣ֪Ϊ˵Ҷƽôľ֪飬һһٳϵ̫ˡ
Ǽ˿ǿ죬ҲǺֵ֣Ĳ﹤ˣԪ齫ѵԪ֮ŲѰĹϵ
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Ϊʲôᱻǿ˽ҶƽҶƽЦŲ糤ģ
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ҶƽٺһЦͲҪˣԺ׵ģЩҲ˵
Ҷƽ˵ǿϾͲˣʵĻҪʣڵ칤Ļԭ
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һʱ䣬ҶƽĹͰţڼϪƽѩֱһ绰Ϫ˵ʱȥѣ֪ô¡ƽѩ绰ʱȽϸˣͽԼλ飬Ȼ˵괺֮һҪȥƿһ
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ǺýãЩϻеֵģҶƽߵôҲҶƽֳˣĻͳԵţ˯һˡ
ųǷӣѪս׶εҶƽʱеƲס֪һԸҪǿˣ׵ýúФһ³ⷽ滹ǽһЩãɷҵΪء
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Ҷƽܴ󸻲ȡЩȻ֪⣬оԼԪӽǲǹϵĽӽҲΪԼǵվһֻҪùΪʲôҪƽ˭˭ˣ


082 
ڸոչףӴᳵӵصرƳԺƽԶίǣһֱǱߵΰ칫ҸΣûþͷ˱仯
ίǹڶѾü꣬ΪǰείٵˣθʡԺְλҲŷ˱仯
ڶصĹȻȽǿƣŪسĹǵõʡίίϿɵģһؼ쵼ӵĿʼʵҪ
ί쵼ӳԱһƣ뿪˶عٳⳡϣ˳Ȼмγس֮ίûίǣͷЩźϾЩįһ㣬ǰο⣬ΪˣڵƽԶ
ףӴȥӹİ࣬ΪƽԶԭ飬ɲֱӵίҲûʲô˵ģȻسҲУǿ϶һλίǡ
ڵίذô꣬͵һĵһֱ쵼߻ģ˭类ųȥִһȨɳһɼ
Ըˣһίһ֣ضˣôһ룬Ǻܳأڵ֮ǰƽԶԺ̸˻ҪȥһˣһҪίһȽϸӵأ˶ع㣬òٳãԺһҪץסԵ⣬תһ¶صò
ƽԶ˵ףӴ͸еƽԶԹĹƺ̫⣬ȴǼ˲ϣ˴θг˵ʡίίĹǿ϶ģƽԶ⻰Ҳ˽˵
ףӴصĳŶطȥί֯һίصĳǰţ˾ЩһգۣӾͲˡ
ףӴû˾ѳö죬һ·һصΣʱֻۻ쵼ģûŻᵽϴȥҲƽԶɡ
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еشߣ棬ɱһֻĳԵñȽխΪ¹³顣
ڶصı棬һڹԱߣףӴʻʱ˾ǰֶ˳ͱ˾һͨУǶ³֮󾭳
˾ųǰߣû߶ԶͿһ˵סȥ·һŷѣԶһ֪һշվϾвٵշվˣҲշվ뷢·ơ
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̬ȱȽţǴ粽ãһĴףӴĳӸΧ
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ڣдû˵
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083 ܴʮּ
ףӴҶƽͨ绰ί֯ĸ˵绰һӵ绰֪֯ѾسǣôؾǼˡ
سǸȥسֱ֮ӿίԺȫص쵼ɲѾίˣίȴǳٳûе
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084 ܴ󸻴
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ʣܴæǿЦţ䣬ž;ȥԽҵľơԽҵԸ̸ⷽ£ЦһҲûٶ˵
극ܴ󸻱Ԫһϻȥ£ҲûжȣǰƵӣƽʱһ
һ·ûкԪףӴ˵飬ԪʲôԸԪƽʱϲԼǬٶϹˣȥԪ
һʼߣ绰Ҷƽ֪ͨȫίԱ͸֧ǵ￪ᣬһҲȱϯı١
ҶƽͻȻӵ绰ﵱȻǷǳ֣ỹûлȻҪ֪ͨô˿ᣬʲôôżܴҲûк˵ʲô飬ֻ֪ͨǲһȱϯλҪԳ
Ȼ벻ʲô飬ܴ󸻰ˣܲհ죬绰Ժ㰲ǿǼҼ绰һһ֪ͨȷÿһ˶Ҫ֪֪ͨͨǲǵ£֪ͨǾǵˡ
绰֪ͨô˾һСʱʱ䣬绰ͨԺе˾˵Լˣеʲô飬ȥ𣿶ũĸɲûʲôɵĹܵ￪ᣬҲǷǳ鷳顣
ǲܴҪˣȷǲУܴ٣һҪܴ٣Ǿ͸еǲǻǳҪȱϯ˶ǵǲԺܶ˽ӵ绰ˡ
ܴ󸻻صʱѾм֧ˣˣרŵϢҶƽ졣
ϵԽԽڴͷȽչҶƽһңҶƽûʱֻһڰ칫š
ܴ󸻻ص󣬱ҶƽȰеίԱȿһСᣬҶƽõ֪ͨίԱίԱ֪ܿͨˣֱ˲ܴ󸻵İ칫ңе˾վ￪Żᡣ
ܴûרȥҿСᣬھˣίԱ֮ɨһǣĿΰ˲ϣͻȻɫһ䣬˵ΰ˲ǰ
ΰ˲˴ʱվڱ˵˽ǲ֪ҪʲôᣬҲûʲô£ɳ죬ͻȻܴ󸻽㼱æվ˳
ߵǰ棬ܴ󸻺һŭݣͻȻһӣָɵĺ£ǣͷ·շѵ£ǵûгꣿ
ܴ󸻲Ȼŭ˵ԤϣԪҶƽǴûпܴ󸻻ᷢôƢ׷ʲô£˴ķӦ


085 ŭ
ΰ˲˸еĿɿڴվûзӦε·շѵ£Ѿһˣû˵ͷ°ͷӣͷҪ񾭵ȥΣͷӵ벻
վﲻ˵ܴһվָΰ˲˵ͷƤ˵˵Ļĸ廹迨շѵ£ұ
ܴôһ׷ʣΰŷӦ˵ڻûд迨շˣҪҲ˽͵͵յģͷվ
һΰ˵ܴ󸻱۾ֹⷽĹû迨շѵ㲻գ糤ûϲϸ񣿡
ףӴ˵ĻõΰϣȻΰӳԱףӴ¼ίǣΰʵ뷨ʰ׵ģΰǰҲҶ죬⻰ɫͰһһģôίԱ棬̫ˡ
ίԱЩܱ̬ʲôҲ˵ҶƽվһԣȻеܴ󸻵̬ЩףϾͬţҲ̫ݣȴǸеޱȵʹ죬ΰƽʱĹԼŶԼգòܴ󸻺ݺݵ䣬ҲãûԸ
꣬Ԫ˲ܴһ۾˵ϲܣ׷ʲôˣΰҲ˲٣ܰһӴʲô½ʲô£Ҳûð
ΰˣԪΪ糤϶ܴܲΰ˵仰ΰҲ˼˵ô˿أҪǲ˵仰á
ԪȰܴɨһۣ˵˽迨շѵǿ£ͷҲνǿڹûãЩ˶Σ֮ΰΪûʵί㱨ûʶڻ˽迨շѵ⣬ⲻǹ⣬̬⣬ͷû飬Щͬ־ĸ֪Ҷ飬ΰǾץµģȥôҲûɣֻ飬ЩίԱǰģ޽֮ǰû迨շѵ鱨еİɲϱȫס壬ûлҪžķ
ܴ˼̬ôҷǳԾû뵽ôǷʲô
ûʲôֶܴԪ˵ԣϣǷֳ飬Ѳ飬ûλİɲһɽдã
ϸڼƻصʱȴΪ·շѵ¶ôĶԪ֮ûʲôʾͬ⡣
ź飬ܴ󸻾ʴĸɲûУȥᣬ֧һ¾ӣҪãҪǴ
һ˵Ҿɢˣ֮۷׷ףԪŲܴ֮Էŭԭ򣬻᲻йأܴȥһǣ͸϶ԭģ˵һܵˣἱ
һ룬Ҳðѹˣãܴ󸻻ܵӰ죬糤ҲܵӰ죬ϸ˵飬ڲܴ󸻰ҲΪͷʵȨһ֣糤ûʲôˡ
Ҷƽܴ󸻷ô𣬾뵽ףӴ绰飬ڲܴ󸻽ųһףӴʩѹףӴúܶԣԲӡ
ǲ඼ˣܴ󸻺Ԫһǰһߵңɨһۣܴ󸻾ҿͨ죬ƺ˾ƣǻźЦǿһԲӣ˻ȥ
Ⱦƣܴ󸻹ƸղҲᷢôĻڿЩɲǣĻʵû
˵ûУ֮Ҷƽ˽ܴ󸻱㿴ʵ
Ҷƽһһû
˭ûܴ᳡￴һۣʵ
ҶƽϸһȻܴ󸻱ձû
Ͳˣ͵ְᶼĸɲҪãܴһĻȻ˲Ҳձձֱ͵ְˣĸɲײָӵĺȴǰҼʱûгٵ
˵͵ְĻԺ󣬲ܴ󸻾ᣬøǻ㱨û˽ڴڵ·迨շѵ£ûһϵģǴ֮󣬾ͺݺݵؾǣԺ˭Լ迨շѣǾ͵ְ⣬һҪɳǵðκòɡ
һôĺݣǲҲˣǶôĹ涨ͷºǣھҪٲ£¾ûкùӳˡ
֧˲ܴ󸻵ĻԺûٶʲôС֧ڶȴǴ˹ģΪ㱨һ£˵ˣһԳˣӻı־ǰǮҪˣ˵µʱշѵĴһӡ
ȴԽԽζĳǴ壬ȻҲԹԵؽǮ⼸һǲͷࣿҪðģĴûǵ£ȻǾͽˣ
ºûӳ£ȻеԾҲûô⣬˲ܴ󸻵ĻŲܴ󸻷ݻӣǲǴշѵйأйأòܴ֪ˣҪùˣȥԺץ˰ѹؿˣȷͷ˵
ĸɲ˻ᣬʱѾˣеİɲҪ˴壬ϣܴ󸻾ͺԪֳ鵽濴һһǣҶƽŲܴһȥ壬ûбҪһ´ȥ
ܴת˼壬ɲڸڣͬʱҲûշѵΪоܴﵽЧףӴͲˣڻЩɻǣ˭ףӴٱ£ӶףӴģ
˿ҶƽܴͻȻе㻳һҶƽݱΪձ迨շѵģºҲûˣҶƽ᲻вʣڿףӴΣӶٱ
һʱҲò׼һ뵽ԭ迨շѵ⣬˾쿪忴˳㿴һձΪʲô￪ᣬȻձְũ֧ǲѡΣʹҲû֣󻹵
Ҷƽͬһû뵽ܴ󸻻ỳŲܴ󸻰ձְ飬ˣǵݽһˡ


086 Ū
壬ģֻǰһ⣬һǱ˵һǰվסˡ
ܴ󸻺Ҷƽ˶һӳ߹ʵʲô
ǮһȹƵĴ˵
ʲôǮûҶƽʣܴ󸻾ֱӿˡ
·ǮǺǣ˾ȻЦ˳뵽˹ȥ·ҿԣҪ··ǮǾ仰̿Ц
һҪǮӣܴһ¾ʲô£һʱ֮ʵǱˣ߳ʵձأձҽй
ôһ˵Ҷƽæĵش绰ձǸƵĴȴû£ŤŤܴ˹ȥ
ǴǵҲеģƵĴʼвܴˣԱһƵĴҲ˹Ȼܴ󸻣ϵƹܰ׳˵ϲˡ
ӣҲֶܴҶƽƽƾ绰
ûüձҶƽæܴ󸻵кɳƾɳͻȻлƾ֣ͷ˵Ƶģƺһѡ
ʱһɲһǲܴվæ˹׷ʲô֮æһȥ
ܴŭδʵձأǵ׻ɲɣǴ򣿵Ȼҹɳȥ
ɲܴæϢŭòܴϳǰŲܴȥձҿ
ձʱڼ˯϶ȶˣӵ绰֪ͨʱžƣ֮󣬾ؼϢˣûѻ鵱£ֽ֮ȥȾƣȻֺһкü绰ûн
Ȼܴڻ˵ְ˴һ绰Ҳû£ܴ˵öĴǵְˣҲû⣬ǲŻЩĴǶѡ
ܴһӵĻձļңձųţһţܴҲ𣬱ɲ˵ձϴ岿
Ȼֱȥ岿˴岿ְɲҲûܴ󸻾͸ˣʵİɲ˭
ҶƽæǰΣ
İɲ績ΰƣһʮٸܴһƻˣɶҲû˵Ҷƽ˵֮˽ĹϵҰƻϴμǸСеϵʹûҲôʲô
ֻȽ𷢵ձϣһձڻλƵ˴岿һѡ
ż߹ӣܴͷȥˣΪʲôûе￪᣿
ûнӵ֪ͨձں
ܴ󸻱תҶƽʵǵ֪ͨûУ
Ҷƽȫ֪ͨˣм¼
һҶƽ˵ָܴձҿյĶ֪Լ˭˭ˣ֪ͨ㿪ᣬȻȥ㲻ȥѹҲУղ쵰ȻĳҲǴﻹû
ձӼʱҲ֪ղŴˮһ˲һˣǲܴ󸻵ĳŵշѵĴȻʶǰǮⲻ𣬵ôͿչ·ѡ
˲ܴ󸻵Ļձ̬࣬Ҳ˴룬ղŲܴ˵յģҲձȥˣǶֵˣһõźš
ܣǣȥҰȫǸˣǸձæϵ·ӵһߣ͵˵
ܴ˵ûŪ￪Ŀģִ㿪ʲôŲڰ㿪ͷǿ׼ڴ迨շѣΪʲô
ձܴʮŭܴ󸻳϶ڲܴ֮˵ˣ쵼ǰԽԽ쵼ʲô˵
Ȼձͷѵӣܴ֮࣬󣬱㿴ձˣǴ˽迨շѵΪ⣬ʱͻᴦ㣬ڰѳ˵ǰͷϣҪٲԼǺ
ձӦ˵껰ƾžˣ֮ô£ܴ󸻴ʱ˻𣬱ڰֵûʲô£ȥɡ
ƾеĪԼϢأҹؽûʲôˣǻˣȻ룬˵ձְͽƵȥ˵һ̣ûбԹ˼
ܴûٴڴ廹ҪȥأžͺҶƽһ˳뿪˴塣ҶƽձܴѵǸоԽܴ󸻿ԽᴦְĻҲˣҪɲȫס壬ȴûȥҲû˵ʲôºҲᴦ
뿪󣬲ܴС壬С֣Ĵ壬ʱڴܴ󸻳󣬱ʹһӭӡ
ûշѵܴ󸻺⣬ǼҲЦݣûоʲôס
һܴҪߣ֣еԱߣҪ˵֪Ҫ˵ʲôߵһ
֣ղ󣬺ͼ죬õһҪǰףӴ£Ȼ֪ףӴҪܴ󸻻㱨һ¡
Ŷ飬ܴ󸻶ʱףӴʹ飬ǳ⣬˵˾ٱܸоô£һĳ뵽£᲻ףӴĳ
ףӴΣľĳпܾܴһ룬Ҳ֣⣬ֱӾͰѴû¡
ǲòܴ֪£֣¸ﵱȻеԹ֣ǲܴ󸻽Ļܴµð
һ룬˵֪ǿȥһ£һ£ܴ󸻾ʹһھȥ飬֣˼ֱ˵²С£ʲô˵ʲôȥѰշѵйʲô˵ʲô£
֣֪һֱշѣܴ󸻶Ҳ֪㣬Ҳûãܴǲ飬Ҳȥ
ǸԺ󣬲ܴ󸻾ֱ֪ô£˴һۣͰѵʱ˳ܴ󸻾³˳ʲôʲô·
ͰףӴò˳ôһòܴ֪ףӴΪʲôڵһ챨Ҫ£ԭͷ࣬ίǵĹ·ҲˣһǼӱ
ܴ֪֮þ˼ƣ£ôܻܵףӴ


087 ףӴҪ
ŲܴǺҲŵûţܴûǣͻ˻ˣ֮󣬱ָŴǵͷƤֱôסֱֹͣס
֮󣬾ֱߺߵˣҲû뵽飬ףӴû˵˵ñ֪ףӴĵϽ·Ǯȫش÷зףӴô룿ϳְ
ڶ죬ܴȥί㱨뵽ҶƽףӴеϵģҶƽһȥسǡ
س֮󣬲ܴ󸻾ͺҶƽһί죬ʾҪףӴ»ףӴСǲҪܵˣôףӴ
ȥһ£ףӴʱڰ칫ңûлˣҶƽ˽ȥ
һܴ󸻺ҶƽһףӴ֪ʲô˼ˣҶƽ֮Ҳû̫飬ֻǵ˵
ףӴӣܴ󸻾Ͱҹε·շѵ㱨һ飬ףӴϸţ֮󣬾˵ȥģСҶ֪ͷԣ˾ųӷСƣշѵ⣬ȻʱȷʵյһЩǮǾѲ⣬ҪԶյĶгˣ¾ûģֻ˾ûòܷչһֱȥ˭ȥ磿ûôչ־̣۹ⲻܶǳôΥҹ涨£Ҳһܴ£ϣӴ֮ٳҹ⣬ҸԿ϶һٳַ
ףӴ渵ԳΪίǵˮƽҶƽԱҲеǳ˾Ŀ̫ǳˣûзչͲзչ˼ĳͻѡг׵ȾûȴҪ˼ȡ·ѣҲֻһգⲻǱ˼Ժ󲻸
ףӴ϶ĻܴģҿӦѸٻȥͰ°ˣ죬ףӴ¾Ͳ̬ˡ
㱨󣬲ܴҪߣҶƽҲҪŻȥףӴȴһӽסղҶƽܰԵ÷ǳأҾδ򽻵ǶҶƽ˽⣬Ͳ˰Ҷƽߵ뷨û飬ڵǸͬѧʤȻ뵱飬ûпУȱҶƽֳȵʣһ棬ʤԵҪҪ﹤ԥϾǱǸ߸ϣһҲ԰ȥǲξ͵ˣҲǿʤ
һҶƽҶƽԼ뷨ҪߣҶƽ
ܴ󸻴ҶƽҶƽףӴ֮ĹϵףӴ˼оףӴû̫ҶƽףӴ϶ĹҲûٶˣһףӴרŰҶƽǲҶƽףӴ֮Ĺϵȷʵ
Ҷƽ֪ףӴʲôڲܴ߳ȥ֮ͿףӴףӴЦЦСҶղŲܴ󸻻㱨ʵ
һʵ⣬ҶƽΪףӴͨʵܴ󸻻㱨α˵ȷʵεñȽϼҺһ´ȥģѼշѵĴɲһ٣ǰͷԴ̫ˣʵﱨģǲһƬ㣬ҵȥˣҸȼ
ҶƽʵףӴ˻㱨ԼףӴͷеҶƽĻǱȽǿģϴ׵ҲҶƽƷˣһӼᶨҪ뷨
ףӴСҶ뷨ܺãǺܶ鶼ʧ֮ڿԺٳһദģȲˣ㣬Ĺô
ףӴʵҶƽ˵԰ɣܸоǵ뷨ĲһЩҿߣûȥı䣬ǺͿ£ҺôҺã˵ȥĻ棬еգ
Ҷƽʵʵ˵ףӴǺǵЦСҶƽʱ뷨ᣬ࿼һЩǶԵģͬʱҲҪЩ鵱һЩȥıʱȥı䣬ûıʱŬԼ顣
ףӴĻеҶƽͷӦţ˵ףӴֱ˵СҶһ뷨һίô
ͻȻ飬ҶƽؿףӴһۣ˵ףǣҪҵί칤
ףӴ㵣ҵô
Ҷƽе⣬˵ףǣûί칤飬ʤβˣ
ףӴЦôʤβˣ㶼ĵһʱˣڵûʲôڻû飬ᣬ㵣ΣûĻ͹ɣ
ܵίǵ飬˵Ȼһ£Ҷƽǳˣ֪ףӴ飬Ҳ϶ñֵĳЩҪ˵̫硣
ףǣܹʤΣҾԣʤβˣٻ﹤ҶƽܵشӦ
ףӴЦЦģһʤˣȻӦˣʱȥ׼һ£Ұ֯¸ȵһְٰ絳һְҲϸȥ㿴вУ
ܼŲ絳εְףӴǵ̫ܵˣʲô˵ģȷʵֵøˡ
ҶƽӦףӴ֮󣬱뿪ףӴİ칫ңܴţ󣬱ʵСҶףֺ㽲ʲôģ
Ǳ飬Ҷƽ϶˵ףӴҪί£ܴ󸻳֪ģԱ˵ףҵί칤
һ飬ܴҲһ£˵Ǻ°ףǷǳ㣬һͰίˣίҪʲô
Ҷƽǵ飬ʲôõ֪֮
ܴһǸˣףӴһͰҶƽί쵣飬˵ףӴĹϵȷʵһ㣬ףӴߣǿ϶һ£ȴǿˡ
ߣСҶףһ£һȥԷܴ󸻸˵˵ҶƽҪȥԷ
ܴ⸱̬ȣҶƽҲûʲô˵ģóԷȥɡ
ҶƽͲܴһȥԷ˾ҶƽҪί칤ǿҶƽıҲӵķḻȻҶƽ쵼֮£Ǹӵˡ
Ųܴ󸻺˵ı仯ҶƽȻпҲû̫ϲȻһƽ飬﹤ô׵ģȻ˿ʣǸеֻԼ֪ĽĲԼĵλֻйˣ


088 ߿һ
ڸʤһ绰ףӴҪְϢȷųģڹȻˣôܵظףӴ
绰һʧʤˣȻͨæε¾ûϣ
ҶƽͲܴһصջص칫¥ͿһЦģܴ󸻵İ칫ȥûȥڿܴ󸻻˵ˡ
涼԰ԭίïͲܴ󸻶˵׵ĹϵҶƽҲ֪٣Ӱƽյı˻ɡ˶תʲô˵ʲô¶ʱһŲŹأ
ܴ󸻻ǰѵ·迨շѵ¸һ£Ȼ췢ҪְձҪȥˣһƺԺˣֱҶƽ뿪綼ûʲô
Ҷƽոջ磬û򳣷ǿ˵ԼҪί칤£ί֯ʹ绰ʽ֪ͨ絳ίҶƽί칤¡
绰Ǵ򵽲ܴ󸻵ֻϵģܴ󸻵Ȼʲô֪ףӴ⣬һ䣬Ҷƽ֮ĵһְǷȥ
ܴʣҶƽ֮Σί֯ѾףӴָʱҪ⣬еʱˣʽΡ
ί֯Ļܴ󸻱û飬ίʽȥҶƽĵίίԱ֮ٽµĵ⡣
ί֯һ֪ܴͨ꣬󸻱ټίԱСᣬͨί֪֯ͨľ񣬲ʾףҶƽͬ־ί칤
Ҷƽæվһ£ʾһз֯ţ﹤ǹϽԸ﹤ϼңϣΪϼס
˵úǫ飬ڴⲻǿˣ˭л᲻ߣұƹͬʾףء
ͷȴ룬ҶƽôͻȻ֮Ҫί칤ί֯ΪʲôҪ˲ܴ֪⣬˶ǲģֻо̫ͻȻҶƽĺһֻǿ֣¡
֮󣬲ܴ󸻱Ŵһȥ¥ҶƽУǹҶƽûףеίԱΪһͨĵίίԱУҲǰδˡ
˾ϣｻ֮ףźأڻ֪Ҷƽί֮ΪףӴ飬֪ЩǻӵҶƽֻ֪Ҷƽί칤һҪİţϾҶƽڱǸƼĸɲڻᰲʲôְڲ²ͬʱҲҶƽ¡
ҶƽҲ֪ûش𣬵ȴΪҶƽⲻ¶ڷ磬úܡ
߿ҲμΪҶƽеᣬҶƽͻȻߣҲЩȣǴίˣһʱ䣬Ҳ׼صأ벻Ҷƽôسǡ
Ҷƽƽӣ߿ĺҶƽĶǱˣʱǺܸߵӣҴһƬȴֻǱһЦ⣬̫˷ܵıʾ
߿ҲһƣרžҶƽģȾƺɫӣƽƺƯ౶˵ʵڵģյϰʱ򣬵һۼ߿Ǹо𺳡
Ůǰټͷһ漣ʱֻһȴǿཻãΪȽϺõͬ¡
һ˷ص󣬸߿һ룬һҶƽᣬǰûеҶƽᡣ
ƺԼҶƽԵúǾȣվӭӣ߿Ѿ£һЦûô⣬ֱߵ棬ҶƽĴϡ
ҶƽæЩҵĴʰһ£߿ȴתʰһ£еǳĲ˼
ʰ֮󣬸߿תͷͿЦƽĲ֪ȥίʲô
߿⻰Ҷƽ뵽³֪ģҸ߿õίԱûҪ˵ίףǵ˼ҹȥ飬ʵҾõ﹤δػ﹤ãȻǰΪ﹤϶õĺܣ﹤ϰˣǲˡ
˵߿ЦǺǵ¶һڰЦһ仨һɫ֯ë°ǰ͹Ĳ÷ǳͣĲֵ¶档
⸱ҶƽһʱЩûôؿȻ߿ɲͥ洩´ʱǷǳأ۴жôأ޷ڸִСʺʡ
ЩؿԼ߿ɫһ£æֹסЦҶƽԭίʱû뷨ҵʱŵ湤һ˭һֱһط㵹ر𣡡
ҶƽȻЦҿЩɺǺǣһҲȽϺãǲҲٻһ﹤еࡣ
߿Цﵹ뷨ˣǻûлᣬˣҵǸŻһˣͷֻ㣬ǲܶһģҿɲҽģ
߿˵ĻίԱоᣬҲûʲô̫뷨˵뷨ٶǲһģԭҶƽûϵ֮ǰһ൱û˿ԽģҶƽϵ֮󣬲ҵ֪
߿˵⻰ʱﵹǲһ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻ˵ǲе᲻Ҷƽߣ
ҶƽĻҲȻ뷨߿Ļ̫ůĸоѣǾһ֣ڸ߿ľһ֣һŮͬ־ȴڸеůͬʱֻһЩ뷨
ѹ뷨ȥǲֽЦû£ҵȻԽֵ绰ϵ
߿ĵһۣЦȻǸףǵ飬һæǲٴ绰ɧˡ
Ҷƽæأʱ绰ϴҽ¶æһֱл㣬ûüأ
߿ǺЦ㻹ǵ°ʲôɸлģǸֵòףǵ飬ҹҲˡ
߿˵Ҳǣȥ﹤ҸףӴ飬ұ˵ֳǾֳҲ׵ˡ
˴ｻһᣬҶƽеܿģ߿еҶƽ뿪֮󣬽ܾˣרŹٽһ£лһЩ˵뷨һʱ޷˵ȹһʱ䣬뷨سȥʱҶƽӽһЩʵļͥ⣬Ҷƽ˵뷨ˣڼͥصĴڣȴٳ²˾ģ̫ⷽˡ


089 Сӷ
֪ҶƽҪίϰ࣬ϲ֮ȴʮֵϧϾҶƽĹϵʮֵĺã뿪˲磬Ǹеʧȥɽˡ
ôҶƽȥسǣǶܿģһķչҪԶչĺá
Ҷƽ˸˸𣬾ί챨֮󣬲ܴ󸻰ί֯ҪûµĵΣʱĹͬʱֹȫپץһЩ飬άŵ칤ת
ȻҶƽϵãҶƽҲ޷飬ֻɲܴˡ
ί챨ίδ»ԽӴףӴͻȻҶƽ֣ҶƽҲ֪һģйϵףӴ϶ԼĿǡ
ίͷΣǶֹίңҶƽˣ»֪ףӴ᲻ʲôְȻҶƽǸƼί츱ҲǸƼƽ˵ί츱ҲǿԵģҶƽԭϰ࣬һӵί츱Σǻ᲻ףӴпȰίҵĸˣȻһΡ
ģԴ»ûټί츱һҶƽ棬ֻǸһ칫ңȻָί¥Ǳ߰һסޣҶƽسûзӣʳȱý
ոί죬ҶƽȻЩеİҺФ湤֪ͻȻί칤еʮֵľȣ˵ʵڵģϴڵУͷҶƽ˵һЩĻȥԺͷеЩգóʱûϵҶƽͻȻί칤ǲ֪ô¡
Աѩ飬ίǳҶƽǵȻкôģԼҶƽԺԵúǸˣʱ»Ҷƽסͬһᡣ
ίֵһҲˣҶƽûְԺФסͬһҲǿԵģ»ûжͬˡ
ҶƽФסһҲǳˣί죬Фסһ𣬿˽⵽һЩ飬Ժ
ФȻǳɥҲһʱˣҲûȥʸ֦뷨ֻʵʵҸѣǰʱ˸ֵСٻоûֻǼ̫ͥͨˣһԱѩԱȣе̾һ룬ͬСٻˡ
СٻҶƽϴίУʶǸСٻҵʱҲˣºҲûж׼ֵģ˽ܸФУʱ֪֪Фнȵˣ֪Ժ󣬲ҪСӴί죬ô
Фв˽Сٻôأٳûж»£ֻȽţҶƽе֪ԺҲЩпҵĸʱ˲ѡ
»źʳ޺Ͱ칫ԺҶƽȴڰ칫ϤҲûжŵһ˿ȥȽ䵭Ҳûٻ˵ί춼ӣ˵˷á
ί֮ףӴר߹һȥʱǸ˵̬Է˱仯ףӴ׸ʲôҶֻ̫ǾһĵΣΪʲôҪίҵ֮пǵλӣ̬Ⱦ䵭һЩ
ڿףӴרŽһȥ֪Ժ̹Ŀ࿴ˣʼףӴרŰ⣬пǵʹġ
ҵĲ²Ȼû죬ףӴ֮󣬿ʼֱλеУ˴»Ϊί칫֮⣬Ҷƽ󣬰Űͬһȥˡ
»ί칫ΣίȥУǸ϶ҪţùϵİţҶƽڸʣרչ˺ףӴһЩС顣˱еĵλ֮ҶƽСվףӴ߲ԶףӴվֳ˽
ֱĵλ򿴵ҶƽԶףӴ²⵽ףӴ飬ǴʶҶƽֻǵͷ΢Ц𾴡
ҶƽףӴߵ飬Ƿ⣬ҲһѧϰḶ́ףӴȥһЩ飬ĸɲ򽻵ԼʲôĹ˼·ЩΪԱǳֵѧϰĶ˼֮󣬾ܰ쵼һЩ˼·͸һһǾܺܿؽɫҲΪʲô׵õεԭ
Ҷƽھ뷨Ȼ;ϷչǾҪĵȥѧϰһЩرֻᣬͿȥףӴ᲻⣬Ҳ߷ǳ
ЩɲףӴĹҶƽͷЩпǧĵίͷǾˣǼί֮󣬻Ҫæȥ򿪳ţ̬ȼΪǫȨһһֱ߲㡣
ףӴ˼磬˼Уί̬ȶϷ˱仯ԭ䵭۲죬ѺãƿƳС䱾һ棬֪֮ҲûרŰһƸҶƽӽӷ磬֪ףӴڰʹ֮󣬱̰һҶƽԷ
˵ФкҶƽͬѧרФŷ£ȻԱϡڶФЩģΪԱѩһݹϵ£ϾҲˣҶƽˣͬѧøı̬ȡ
Ƶ˲඼˳С룬רŴ绰߿ڲسǣø߿ؼҲسǣһ˵ǸҶƽӷ磬ȻǺܸ˲롣
߿ָ֮ñȽϺõһѣίٴ绰Ƣ࣬ٸոɷˣɷǹֵģڼͲסį˸Сɷ׽˼顣
ɷͲЭ˻飬ҲûʲôģԾһڡ
ӵСĵ绰ٵȻǸ˵ظˣҪ˵СЩĻôǸӵķҪȻҲᷢͨ¡
Ƶ֮ɨһȦˣƺʲôŮһȦ֮󣬽ͰĿҶƽϡ
СȽϻӪѸ߿ŵһܸߵλã߿֮û̫⣬ֻǴ˸кȻҶƽԱߡ
߿Ҷƽһģмһ϶˵м֮ø߿ҶƽеĿɿڴ
һӣС֪⣬ӣҲ˵ʲôкŴҶס׼ϯʼ


090 ӷŮ
ͶƱ
ǵȻҶƽ˵һֻ͸߿ԼǸƼɲСȻίƿƳְλҪǸƼһ㡣
Сί쵼߹ϵ˭ҲΪǸƼӣ෴һͽùϵ
Ҷƽί죬ͬʱѾǸƼɲֳףӴ飬ȻûʽǴ϶϶ףӴˡ
԰СҪλãҶƽȻԸȥǸλϾСҲǸƼĸɲӦλǣһߣôҲλλȥֻλȻҲơ
ελź֮󣬾ϯʽʼС䵱ȻһͨǻӭҶƽί칤Ȼί죬ԴҶƽĵʾӭ
Աͬ飬Ф׵λãҶƽڳ˰СеĹͣͷЩ뵱ֵί칤ͬѧиеٵ£ҶƽֵȴǸеϧ£ϧ֮леƲ𣬵û뵽˼Ҷ̶̵ļʱ˵Σû೤ʱֵί죬һףӴ飬һ²֪˶٣˵ͬѧѾûȣҲûˣһͨĹԱȻܳίڲǵλǺܵ͵ġ
ŴҶҶƽмӣĽ֮ҲЩʣԱѩ¸洵ͨԽҵĹϵҲܵϿƳʲôˣҶƽֻһ룬ΰɣ
ҲŮڰС侴֮ҲȥҶƽľƣҶƽôͳίǵ飬ǶЦȥҶƽľơ
ǵľƣҶƽǳӦţΪ˱ĳ⣬ֻҪƣһˣ˾̾
žƣҲǲʱѿʼתůֻǴһۺɫĳë£һ¶֮ԵӸӵ糺졣
߿˵ʵڵϲˣ粻ôãĿЩˣСȻҲеϵ⣬ǻϻܹȥҶãǳ
СйҲǹͣӦţǿǽǰСΪҶƽӷϴŻ岻Ϊ뿪ˡ
Ҷƽ˺˾ƣپ΢΢һЦҶΣǳҾһƣ
ִ糺ףԼһ˫ʮ˵һۣҶƽоһȻ󣬵ԽŮԽԳһԵĳ졣
æѱоƵҶƽصǣҾ
һ˫žƱٴ΢Цһ£¶һԾѣԵøˣѾƱһ촽еľƾŵؽУغȥ
˺ˬѾƺ꣬ҶƽҲ֮ܿ󣬱ѱоȫȥ
ƽ˲پˣɣҲһƣǲȾƣˮɣٴף㵽ί칤Ҷƽ֮󣬸߿ͻȻվҪҶƽľƣҪˮĿʵǿҶƽȵ̫ˣˮƣٺһ㣬ֱ˵ԾƵҪٶˡ
Ҷƽûᵽ߿˼ľԶԶڳˣƻȲڸ߿֮ûˮȣֵ˵ллֹˮɣҰѾƺˡ
˵꣬Ҷƽûø߿˵ͰѾƺ˽ȥӣ߿ɫȻһ£ͣһֻͣðѱеˮˡ
þҶƽһ꣬ٲƿټˣھϺȾƵ˲ɵظе
С俴ҲǷǳϴһȾƣʱûˣҲûȶپƣȴ˶࣬ÿ˾ˣľǺټƾ־ڹٳҲˡ
˵껰֮󣬱ֶƱȥҶƽľƣҶƽʱҲѾ˾⣬˺ȷҲ˲С˼ڿҪľƣ͸оԼеɱɵ¡ĲλȥǺɫë£ţп㣬һ·еĺͣС仹ҪͿȫ¶ɢһֳŮ˵ϢԱ߳ҪƯĸ߿ûеġ
һڹ۲ŮˣҶƽȻΪŮ˵УᲶ׽˵һһƱͬʱ΢ͦһͦأȻ΢΢Ҷƽһۣϸ۲죬˸ҶƽԱܸо
Ҷƽһæͷ˵ǣⱭҾ㣡
ЦԼ˵ͷǷǳŵģЦԡ
ٲͣҶƽȾƣͬǷ³ֵİСЦŲȥЩ£ܰҶƽ㵽֣ǻ˵ı¡
ѻŮʵͬ뷨ǰСڿͬ¶ڣҶƽѣ߿Ա߿һĻЩ֪꣬ͲˣȣûôƤҲԻ˵ķ顣
ϯ߿վߵҶƽ߹ĵʵƽȵû°ɣ
Ҷƽһֵû£һûл׿ƳˣҺͽһϢ
ӣ߿Щ̾ٿҶƽӣͷҲ뷨ͰСһΪ߿ⶫµģѵῴҶƽ
΢ЦҶƽ֣Ҷƽܵϴ¶ȣҲҲ˵ʲôĻˣֻǼĺ룬Ժǿϵ
СԸФչ˺ҶƽФȻû˵ʹӦˣȻóӰͻί¥ФзҶƽ¥߽ᡣ
һ߽ᣬҶƽȷʵȵе࣬ûôʹ֪ȾƵһҲûС
ФҲ˾ƣȵò࣬ҶƽеӣϴȻЦŶ˵ƽǸ߿ǲ
һ߿Ҷƽ˵ǸŮ
ФһȻ֪߿Ҳոߣ²֮ʲôϵû뵽ֹϵί칤֮ǰ߿͵繤ȥˣεǵһμ߿
ԼĻ֮㲻˵ˣҶƽɵ̧ͷСǲҪ߿ˣ
Фæϵûû룬ǸŮˣһɧȾƵʱ򣬿ȥˣҪСŮ˰


091 ԰ż
û뵽Фл˵Ҷƽæ˵˵ʲôңҿˣ
ФЦôˣѵΪŮ˲ܳԵ㣿ŮˣǿƳƯСǾͺ˼ƯŮһ߲ˣΪֻ˲źɫ
Ҷƽǵһ˵£ʵǿƳҲֺɫŮˣ
ФкǺһЦͲ֪˰ɣǿƳί˶֪»ĹϵܺãҰǿͷշСӶеİ칫֪Щʲôĺܣ
ҶƽȻʵô˵һֵίʱҲǱС޸ǳ
Фɫһ޸ңǵҵİ칫ң£ǰԱѩݹϵԴԱѩ֮ɫҿҸо̬ȲűһЩ
˵ҶƽЦһµ㳤ҲСôῴ㲻ϣҿⶼǱ˴ҥԣ˼ҳƯΪ˼һǱȥģȻȥǱˣⶼʲô˰
ƽɱţί죬ΪλʲôֶζʹҪ棬ҵίФΪίʱ䳤¶࣬ͬһ㣬Ҷƽ
Ҷƽ΢΢һЦϱ£ӹ֮Щ֪ɣǧҪѧֻԼĹֶʹˣǲңңҲ᲻
ҶƽгӣФͻȻеԼؽϾǱҶƽһأ֪⣬һֱҶƽǰƵģΪʲôأ
춼Щʲô߰鵹˲٣Ĺȴû¶ٹ򣬾õ·ȥˡ
ƽԺöѧϰڶίǵˣչңФһ룬Ҷƽ
ҶƽǺЦҸ⣬ҪأҾͬѧ˵յĻͼˣԺ໥ӦŰɣ
ڶ죬ҶƽФлں˯ϰߣٵһĲһ壬Ǵϴѧʱϰߡ
ίԺųĵ·Ų糿·ϾвٵˣԵñȽϴæһЩСԵ̯㵽ǣ경ȥԵ緹
ƽһŲһ֮ͻȻ뵽һ԰ûܹβһ᣿
һ룬ͼӿŲȥܽ԰ûԶ˺ܶ࣬ͻȻԱߴһЩϤҶΣôɣҲܲ
ͷһ黹ǺɣվǰľһȹƵ٣ʱٴһ˶װͷҲ߸ߵķǳİǰ͹ͣԱ߲ٳ˵Ŀ⡣
ǣҲҶƽʮ־ȣĿ⿴ʵ
Цŵһ㶼߳ǵһεɣ
ҶƽЦǵһΣյί칤Ҳ֪гĵطͻȻ뵽طܹˣû뵽㣡
ҶƽһЦ˵Եְ
һ˵⻰ҶƽȫеЩ飬Ф˵ûŮ˿˼
ȻﾯţһòһҲǾŮ̫ˣͨŮ֮ɫζͬƷһնܡ
Ҷƽȫļ⣬һߺǰţһĵ߿ҶƽͷͨͨҲ֪ܲܵĻɧŵġ
֮ŮЩǷˣԼܲɵӣһʱҲûŮ̫ᣬ͵һͨɡ
˲ٱһС̯ϳԷҶƽҲҪ緹ԱߵС̯ϣҪһͼ
ѴԵӣٿĵЦʮҶƽЩԼҵĵܵܡ
극˾͸ԻظԵĵλϰ࣬Ҷƽصί֮վԼĹףӴԸдһݵб棬Ҳ⼸ȥе
ﾭд棬ǵίǾﲻͬˣҪдõıվȫصĸ߶дѶȷǳĴ
ףӴ޵񽻸ҲǶһֿ飬ûдݵб档
Ȱ⼸һ£ͬʱףӴڵʱĽҲףӴĹ˼·ȻſʼŸдʵֻҪдѶȲ󣬹ؼ˼·ڵľòףӴ֮󣬿϶һɼ֪Ҫɼָһˣһ˾ٴı£Ҳûѹȥ
ҪѹãؼҪˣΪίǣץĴ£ǾץˣȨҪȨɲǶ֪Ҫ뵱ǣҪǮسԼ׳ɵķֹ
ͨľеһЩɲûʲôչ˼·һϲŻɣ˹ٳӣԴȺѿѰ죬Ĺ̬Ⱥ;òôܰѹã
һ棬ҪдͷҪѶطչãҪһЩΪհµĸɲҪŴҵ˼룬ôһõķչ˼·죬ԼһĶֵԱ£ԼһĶֵʲôҲֻ֪ܵȿҪԶҲչȥ
ԭ֪ӣǵףӴȥеʱ򣬷Ҳӣһձ⣬ʩȻǿƣһЩĶûиı䣬ɲ˼ûиı䣬ɲҲûиı٣ķչ滮ǴһףøƽԶףӴǷǳġ
ƽԶίԺҲʼԼ뷨ȥһЩ飬пʼһչʱڣÿ춼ҪձԶĶҲǿúҪдб棬ȻҲҪעһ㡣
Ҷƽ˼죬Ҳû˯ÿĳҲֹͣˣٴ绰ôûȥ԰ֻܲðʵ˵ˣٺ⹤ͷ쵼ǲҲа
ڿ֮ŶȥдȰѵеȫصĻһܽᣬڵ⣬Ȼԭ򣬷ԭ֮һЩԲߺͽ飬ЩԲߺͽЩףӴһЩ̬ȻͼһЩ˵뷨ֻһб棬쵼ĽһЩ˽ףӴһµʶ
дʮҳʵһıҲҳͿˣдԽдԽУҲԽдԽ࣬ѸɲĽ˼ת䣬Լ˼ӿ췢չķ˼·ȫص巢չ滮ȵȷ棬һЩͽ飬дһЩźͿд֮󣬱׼ףӴ


092 
ףӴ֮һֱڿһʩ⣬ΪƽԶ飬䷢չ˼·϶ƽԶһЩӰӣҲԼһЩ뷨ʱҵչţҵĸҲʼԱ
гøոտʼܶ࣬ףӴȻԼһЩ뷨ʱ侫ϲһܹ˵ù⣬ɲ˼Ҳһܴ⣬ǵĹϰ߲һתһӦгõĹͨչгõֶչñȽѡ
鲻ͬǣɵԸȽǿƣаۣվеĹ͹ƶһɵ˼ڣֽΪ˳ӦʱƣΪгûƣܴٽҷչĹԱ֮һ
ΪĴڣףӴ׼һ滹ԭĹ˼·ȥչҲǴչҵͬʱʵչ˽ӪҵһҪϼǿɲ齨裬Ÿɲ˼룬üʱ䣬ȫصĸɲ˼ΪƶһĹչû
ҶƽΪѧϰѧĸ߲ȻгõһЩȽ˽⣬ϴѧʱоѧһЩݣ˽չҲһЩԼĿȻûг󣬵ΪһũˣһЩԱ֮󱻳ŵǣҪ˽չ⣬ʱ룬ǻũһأǿũ˵ʲôũǧ궼ʳԣԱӲ࣬˽չΨһҪǣʲôʱĳԱ
СҲԹ֪࣬ũҶƽͶ֮ԱǣôȵóϷɣǱžеĹţ᲻ʲôõķչ˼·Ҫȥ˼𣿻ΰ˵ĺãչӲֻҪܷչǺ·ӣð취˽չ
뷨Ҷƽ˼Щǰһǰͻ˸еЦͲ˼飬дݵб棬쵼Уһûȥ޸ģȻѵһ٣ǵݵб潻ףӴʱȴ۾һ
Щ˵ļⲻıϣ˼ȷʵȽϳǰҶƽӹĿ࿴ԭΪҶƽûжټʶڿ뷨ˡ
СҶЩŶԼ𣿡ףӴ˷ܵʡ
ҶƽЦҲȫǣһЩĽҵģһЩϴѧʱҵľѧʦ̵ҵģ⻹Ҹ˵ũ˼ģҸ˸оЩ죡
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Ҷƽæ˵ףǣҺϧ߹һķԸ顣
ףӴٴεͷоҶƽͬһʮֵڵĸɲ鴦ʷڣҪϵظ»뿪Ҷƽĸɲǲеġ
һݵбףӴҶƽһȫµʶеЩüӿ죬ٰԭĽȥһЩ飬Ҷƽ뿪İ칫֮һ룬㽫֯˹
˻ǲģ˼ҲǱȽϳǰǰ˳سΪ֯ʸΪίǵģǵʱĵίȴǴһίǣҪԭΪҪһĥ˼Ϊ˼Ϊǰϵί쵼ζûȥ
ףӴ󣬾νӴоȽ̸ΪίǣǱȽεġ
ףӴҶƽְⲻٵȣԭĵΣƼʲôְҲûУԭְһֱȥҲǸ£ȥҶƽĲ絳֮ҶƽΪί칫ҸΣֹܾĿңҪΪ
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Ȼ룬ھףӴϾףӴƽԶˣǰ;ǾɵˣһֲǵΪ
ףӴĻͼæȥ£뵽Ҷƽոյί죬ίȥ϶Ҷƽȥȥ죬Ҷƽĵһְû⣬ھ൱ڴ絳ֱӵεί쵣θΣһаƽģʽС
ƽǵҪְϣҪп죬ΪҪĸλȥǻҪģһ׳ȥ翼Ҷƽ
֪ҶƽҪʽί죬ҵҪְ񣬲ܴ󸻵ȻҲҪµĵε£ί֯㱨ǷҪµĵΡ
õ㱨󣬾ÿһȻٿһγίоƼµĵѡһп졣
ڰ˭µĵΣܴ󸻵ȻԼ뷨һ뷨½ΪѡϱԴȻԸģڷ˱仯ΰƺ˶ץסλʤĹϵﵽĿģȻʤûе칫ҵˣףӴϵԾæ
ǰû˼ڣڿлˣһԣʤӵĵ绰һ룬ʮֵɣȻ˵ףӴĹϵԣǲףӴӣףӴ֮仹ŲٵĲ࣬óȻȥ£˵ףӴͻĳ뷨
ȥʤоԼڲףӴ߹ȴǰܹ٣˵֪ģͲôϣҪ֪ˣǶӰ죿˵֮ĹϵҲ̫УûбҪΪðգԵ󣬱ڴһ绰ʾʹףӴˣѾѡˣˣ´λɡ
ϣҿͶƱ


093 ί츱
λҲץסλһܴ󸻵ĹϵԭҪܣͬʱͨСί֯ϵϣ飬վܴۺϿǣƼΪεĺѡˡ
ȻҲŵְ񣬵ڵβܴҪƽĹϵֻĹϵ⡣
Ϊ絳ѡѡȥԺ󣬺ҶƽһΪԱύίίоȻףӴոڳίﲢռίǣεĶǸְôҪĸλû˱ʾԣƺҶƽ˾ʽˡ
Ҷƽʽί츱ΣȻΣƽǻίԱеȽϾȣϾίкܶ˰ôʱ䶼ûеί츱ΣС䣬ȴǸյֱӵί츱ˡ
ֻί츱βͬǣҶƽֹίĹֻףӴ棬һЩ飬⵹ûеʲôٷֹܾĹôȽϵĿʲôģ϶
ί츱ΣҶƽûиеʲôϲģֻ൱һͷΣʵ࣬һ˵ĽɫȻԭίǣȴǷίˡ
Фпһֵί츱ΣټҶƽʱЩȻˣϾί쵼ˣֻһͨԱһоʱҶƽΪί쵼ӳԱһƱıȨˣɲһС顣
»Ҷƽί츱Σ뵽Фסͬһ᲻ʣٸһ˵ķ䣬ҶƽȴǾܾˣФסһҲûʲô˽һЩί飬Фھ൱ĶĿһί츱ξͲһˣФ˵ΪһͿˣͬѧ֪󣬷˵Ĳãһ𣬻Ф˵ʲô䵱ĶĿ
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·Ŀ֮ƽԶͿƪ£һףӴ֣͸еοֿ滹Ҷƽ֡
Ҷƽ֣ϴμһ֮⣬ƽѩǰʼ߶֣λؼ֮󣬾ǰҶƽ
ϴҶƽӡ󲻴֪ҶƽȹԼŮŮƺƵǰͣһҶƽ֣ףӴô£ƪΪʲô˵֡
Ҫ˵ֻҶƽΪ׽д£ôҶƽͲӦƽȫҶƽдģҲˣȫҶƽͶƪһļԣȻͬѱ˲ᷴԣҲŽ࣬ʱҪǷԵĻ˵ԼдģʱһԼҲû̫⣬ȥˡ
ƽԶһʵ£һʱƲƽԶʵ˵ˡƽԶһԭƪȫҶƽдģˢӣһЩźнԵ壬Ȼ϶ףӴҶƽڴ˻ϷдһƪҲһ˲顣
ʱƽѩ绰ҪƣƽԶһ룬ףӴҶƽȥһ棬ƽѩڶҶƽƺŲͬƽĸ飬ȻԼŮһͨĲݸҪٰһѹأŮ
ƽѩԼڴڹ󲻾ƵģҶרŰԱֻһŮϴεûڿҪˡ
ƽѩģȻһƣȸҶƽһ绰ӵĵ绰Ҷƽﲻ֪ôļ벻ơ
֮ƽԶ㽫ŵȻƵǱߣȻ绰ףӴҶƽȥ
ףӴû뵽һƪ»ƽԶôӣרŴҶƽǰȥƽԶĻ̴Ҷƽȥ
ҶƽԼǰȥƽѩģڿףӴһȥƣһƽԶҪһǸŮҪˡ
ƽѩ棬ǾǱȽϼ£ҪƽԶ棬ľϴμʱͺܽţٴȥ棬Ӧôأ
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ǹĻˣףӴæ˵ҵԺ˸ĵУСҶһȥƪʵСҶдɵĵб棬ҿ뷨֧Ͷ壬벻ϰһ¾Ϳˣǽ󽫰幤𣬼ӿȫصķչ
ƽԶ΢΢˵ͷ˵ҵ㽫ȥֿȷģƸոճУ˵ǰٷϴˣںܶྫǷڳչϣǸصľ÷չҪǿԼӿ췢չСҶǸˣڸߣҲ˵һǳõѧϰᣬǵҵҪ벻ϵطչҪԽԽˣɲĽҲǵǰһʮҪĹ
ƽԶ˵ŻҶƽԱߣ˵ԼǳļؿԼƽԶǰʧ̬
ƽԶ֮ףӴñ̬ƽԶûҶƽ˵ʲôҶƽҲû˵ʲôֻǰţƽԶҶƽй뿴һҶƽı֣еݣҲûбҪʡ
ףӴҶƽ̸껰֮ƽԶһ˵ӴȻȥɣСҶһ£е¡
ףӴܾƽԶ˵Ҳʲô£ԱӦһȻҶƽһۣת뿪ƽԶİ칫ң뿪ƻضȥˡ
ͶƱ


094 
ףӴ֮ҶƽƽԶķ䣬ƽԶ΢ЦһµСҶѩˣ绰ûУ
ҶƽæҴһ绰ԼģףҪԾһˡ
ƽԶֱȥȻƵȥɣҹȥһ£
ƽԶûж˵ð칫ҵ˰͵ȻƵȥƽԶûкκ˵ףӴûиߣ±֪ԼŮˡ
ҶƽƵ꣬˳֮ί칫ҵĳȥˣȻ߽Ƶƽѩϵϵֱ֮ƽѩϢķ䡣
һƽѩҶƽͺܾĴ磬Ե÷ǳˣһǳŵףܵشϣһɫţп޳˫ȣͷɢڼϣüĿ죬΢Цųǰ
ƽƽѩո𣿡һ˵ӣҶƽһʱ˵
ƽѩЦҶƽһŰ
ҶƽεЦһµҲҲǣû뵽Ļƣ
ǺǣͣҴӦܲ𣿡ƽѩ˵ЦţȻҶƽӭȥ
߽䣬ҶƽһʵԼһ𣿡
ƽѩЦǰûʱҪȻҿ
ᵽϴεǸŮˣҶƽһµǸʲôģӦ󡣡
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Ҷƽ˵ո뿪ˣ湤ղҺƽǼˣҹ㣡
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ƽѩæЦûʲôûʲôǶˡ
ƽѩӣҶƽһʱûʲô㲻ȥˣ˾졣
һᣬƽѩͻȻһƽ㿴ȹңȻҶҲҶƽлһƽ֣˵ǲԵ
Ȼ˵Ҷƽͨһ£ԳԵصҸоҲԵϵеʱڤڤ֮עģӱҲ޷ӱܣ˵ǲǣ
˵̫ˣʵǸԵְҲһԵ֣ҲǴԲԣƽѩһ֮󣬱ָЦſҶƽ
ҶƽһʱĿԣȻЩܾλãھʵƽѩԱŮ֮㺣װȻ˼ҵģһԼʧȥңԴϴ뿪֮ʼջζƽѩӰӣȻϪտʼʱҲָоȴǸеԼֻõĸоеĶҲ԰εƽѩ
ѩҴ㵽תһתɣƽѩĿԣûκ˼۾һֻĸоҶƽȥ鵽תһת
ƽѩ̸˵վðһߵķ羰
Ҷƽ߳䣬߳һ˲䣬ʶһֻ֣ƽѩ붼ûץȥֻ־һ
ҶƽţҲͷǰקߣƽѩ΢ЦţæӣæҶƽһ㰡
ҶƽæվסŲɿƽѩ֣Ƿȴɲˣƽѩţߵһ
ƽʲôĵطƽѩһһ߿ĵʵ
ҶƽѩȻˣǲطҶطǲôϤҲ֪кĵطһӣǲȥһ
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Ǻǣũ嶼ӡҶƽЦ
ǼҲк𣿡ƽѩͷҶƽ
УҲкӣûӴﻹɽأɽˮǲǸоҶƽЦ˵
ҪȥһƽѩЦҪ
ȥҼҰҶƽ۾ʵ
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ԣֻǡҶƽֹ
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ҶƽүүµʱҲûĻˣɲƲûĻ˰ƽѩҶƽȥİְ裬е
ǺǣүүôҶƽεЦһʵ
Ȼһֱ˵Լһũ񣬻ҲҪûũôܴƽѩɫ˵
Ҷƽ֪ˣүүǴµˣʲôʸ񰡣Ȼũ񣬵Լүүȴڼһˣ˼ҵүүȴԡѪɱְҵһһˣ˵ǲ
Ҷƽ˵ȥˣ˿ƽѩһʵƽϴ͸ǿôû
Ҷƽ˵ұˣ͵̫ˣҶ
ƽѩǺһЦʲôصģǼǮѡ
顭ŶѣҶƽǼʶˣΪǿҲǧǮӣѾǹˣ벻ȻֵǮ
ôŰҿɲһ˵ֱƽѩû˼Ц˵
ûûţ̫ˣûôصˡҶƽæڰ˵
˭ʲôģҪһĻݸһܴͷϵʻɣƽѩͻ˵
Ҷƽ˿ԱߵĲݴԣڹһЩҰʼûʲôļô죿
һƽѩ˵ˣҲ˵ᣬŽ㵱ӣƽѩ
ƽѩԱ߿ҶƽеԼæҵģ˰һȥܲĻȻƽѩˣƯɣ


095 ȫͬ
ͺˣƽѩ˫ۣоҶƽֲ̫ˣҲǵһοҰҰ㾪ȵù˿Ȼ˵Ҵͷϰɣ
ƽѩ˵ӣҶƽùԼĿȥе㲻ʻظƽѩͷȥ·ڸͷ
Ư𣿡֮ƽѩҶƽʵ
ҶƽƯ
жƯƽѩֵƤʵ
ϻƯҶƽЦ
ɵϣ˵ҳƯ𣿡ƽѩͻȻգգ۾Цŵ
ǻƯˣҶƽĵЦ
˵ĿĻƽѩҶƽߵ
ҶƽȻ滰Ҵ˵ٻ
зϪƯ𣿡ƽѩͻȻ˵
ҶƽһµֻһСŮ
ƽѩʱˣͻȻһᣬҶƽϣҶƽæסûжܣо˵ȻȻĿ
Ҷƽļÿ㣬Ըһֱȥ𣿡ԶѼϷˮƽѩ૵˵
֪ҪãҶƽһ˵
Ҷ˵һֱȥôʶãƽѩҶƽĻ̧ͷص
ҶƽٺٵЦҪˣǾһֱȥ
㣡ƽѩҶƽһ£ȻȴֵĻ
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صƵ꣬ƽԶѾƽѩ͸˵غһƽԶȥˣ
ƽѩȥӱһᣬǱߵľɫ԰
ƽԶǺЦ쿴Ͳˡ
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վԱ΢ЦҶƽƽԶСҶдһƪ£ݺܺãصίһģ֪ұȹˡ
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ƽԶЦһµѾͷʲôʱɫˣСҶûУ
Ҷƽ˵Լæ˵ƽǺƽ׽˵ģǳĺá
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ƽԶƵֻǿһƽѩȻ򵥵һ˶ٷ㰲ϢãȥתһתҶƽš
˵ڶ죬ƽѩҪȥһҶƽֻȥһ·硣
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ҶƽصӣƽѩܵеǷΣҲ˵ƽһ˵Ҳˣ羰īеķ羰ʵķ羰ܳԱҸٺõķ羰ҲǷ羰
Ҷƽͷѩ˵̫ˣʳ֪裬ȥҲֻǮ˲ʫչʾһͼΪϰ˵Ա⣡
ƽѩҶƽͬ˵֮Ϊ˲Ӱ£ҶƽǸطķ飬ƽѩһһЦе֪ĶǶࡣ
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ҶƽæƽѩԼүүƽѩɷǵҶ壬æǰҲһүү
ǿϻƽѩҪ￴һҶƽȻŪô˾˽֪Ϊϱʵ˻ûȷֹϵ
ûа취ֻôȥͷԼϵûڼңֻһڼҾˡ
ţ˼֮󣬻ԸϵûڼңֻһڣһҶƽͻȻһŮ;һϴ·ģæվӭӣ϶Цݡ
Ҷƽһ裬ƽѩѣƽѩ΢ЦŽһ̣̬Ⱥǫ
㼱æӦһƽѩȥƽѩݵĵնĵҶƽƽʲôѣ
ҶƽЦһµͨѣǧҪ룡
ȴСصһŮѻܲҿŮͦǳеİɣĹܲӦ
ҶƽҲСص裬˵ЩʲôⲻŮѣŮѣǵطεģϾߡ
ͣʲôͣ㲻صĸﻹûʡ
ҶƽЦһµ裬˵ѾҲ˵ˣҺߡ
Ҷƽ˵껰תıӰСһСӣûȢϱˣ˵ʲôͣ浹ûˣ
Ҷƽû˵ʲôֻ߽ƽѩڿСʱƬƬͷڿһ۾ҶƽСʱֺģƽѩ治֮󣬱ֵҶƽǼʱյƬ


096 
ҶƽСʱƬƽѩҶƽţҶƽ߹֮ЦЦʱյƬûչΨһһСʱƬˣ
ƽѩЦô󰡣ǿҪˣСʱյƬɶˣأ
Ҷƽ룬ũǮôƬһžͲˡ
ǺǣƬʵסഺҲס£ֻסһˡҶƽЦ
ƽѩЦ¼䲻ǺܺõûƬǸǲԼʱģ
ҶƽǣƬˡ
˵һĻƽԶͻȻƽѩ˵绰ǲĵģƽѩЦŸأͻȥ
ƽԶ͸Ҫؾǣǲһȥƽѩ룬㲻һȥģƽԶڴ绰ǿ϶һȥġ
룬ǴӦƽԶҪһؾǡ绰ƽѩƽҰҪؾǣ㻹ȥǲ
Ҷƽﻹأûʱȥ
ƽѩ㹤ôæȥ𣿡
Ҷƽһǲȥ˰ɣʱһȥô
ƽѩ˵˵Ҫ㻰һҪʱȥң
ҶƽЦһģȻеԶо仰޲ʷ˫Ϭһͨ
ƽѩһ۽벻ô𣡡
˵˵ЦЦһᣬƽѩһ棬СҶƽƽǸʲô˰
Ҷƽ˺ܺõģ㵱ɶϱˣ
˵ʲô㣬ᣡ˭Ҫ˵ϱˣƽѩҶƽһѣɫߵص
ҶƽǺǵЦŵ˵ģ˵ġ
˵ҲУ˵˵ƽѩͻȻߵҶƽһˮ
Ҷƽɵſ˫ۣ§˻оʱһִûйҸһֶδ㽡
ղŹҶƽ˵껰󣬱ȥдһƽѩȴǿҶƽһ˳˵Ҫȥ
㼫ƽѩǳɣһ˶ٷҶƽеһּҵܰ
극ϳҪߵʱҶ٣ʵƽ裬ƽ˭һˣ
ɨһ۵ô֪ˣ˵û£
˵Ҷֻһ㬵زٶˡ
ƽѩһƽԶؾ·ƽԶҶƽ֮£ƽѩͱʾҶƽһˣЩӵһҲϣĻҶƽһ
ĻƽԶһʱĬΪļͥڸԼŮѡʱ򣬵ȻѡŵԵģ˵Ʋ𣬵ЩŮһ֮󣬻ҸҲûжԼͥʲô̫İǻҪ˰𣿸ҪŮҸҪ飬ǧΪ˼֮ǿиıŮľ
룬ƽԶ͸ƽѩԼľһҪأȻҶƽ˲Ǽμͥһط־ӣһ𣬻Ҫ˷ܹʶ
ƽѩ˵ְ֣ܲܽ
ʣƽԶԵҲҪСҶҿһԼˣһͬȥ
ƽѩЩ٣ϴھʱ͹һⷽ£Ҷƽ˵ԸȥǣԼϰֻ۹⣬һ¾֪Ҷƽͬ⣬⵹⡣
Ҷƽƽѩ֮󼴻صسǣףӴƽԶƵԭ룬ףӴ˵֪¡
һⷽ£ףӴûٶˣҶƽصԼİ칫ңС΢Ц߹˵ҪԷ
Դί츱֮Ͼ˴绰ԷֱľֳһһЩسҲԼһԷ
еȥӦҲһֽĻᣬʱһϵ̫࣬ǳһָڰС˵ҪԷƴǲȥ
СȰ˵ٲȥǾǲӵ£ֻôӦˣһʵⳡٰŵģðСѣԼ룬벻
Դϴι԰ż֮һֱڹ԰ȻмҲˣǴҲ࣬һҶƽĹԽԽæ糿ܲĻ٣оٴһ˲ãʱȥ԰ǱܲĻˡ
ٸеרҶƽһΣרżָ飬Ժ־͵ˣԲרҶƽԷ
һͬίļǸǣίһӣ丸ԭݵسⶫϵѾ顣ǣеŮееģ䶼ǲ
ͷһμ棬һӵˣҶƽһһʶһ£֪ҶƽףӴ飬ἴί츱һְǰ;ֵýύԸ΢Ц
֮󣬾ϯʼίг¿ȻƵģǱȽ֮ԻҲǿٵӡ֮仹һ£ȻϸɲѾҶƽˣҪһġ
ڳ¿Ĵ£һʱ֮ϵպŨƵʱ˵ί쵼Էû˵Ҷƽʲô¡
Ǿһս֮󣬳¿ȴǷԶҶƽذмӣƺҪί쵼ԷͼˣﲻеСʡ
СҲǷٵģｻ䲻Ϲ۲ٵı֡
ڹٳϻǷͬһ㣬ǳ¿ΪԹ൹Ҷƽȴ֣Ҷƽ˲ٵľȴһҲûУ˾ܲˡ
һӵÿ˺˴ԼаƣҶƽͳ¿˴Լһ࣬˵ǺȵĲ٣Щˣ¿𣬱ȥ裬ʱȻûʲôʽKTVиȸʲôʱֵ顣
¿һٱӦͣҶȵò࣬ȻҲ£ЩŮһ質ʲôģǾһǳ˵¡
ǶҪȥ裬һûнֳҶƽֻܸһȥôô֮˵
سֻһҸտҵõĸֽ濴ȥɣǺвٵŮ
Ҷƽһ˺ܿ쿪ųҸٽȥ֮󣬾͵һ䣬߰˸ˣС治¡
ȥֿ֮𣬵ƹʱ˷ټϾƾãŮԶʼֻζˡ
ҶƽһʱվŴҿ񻶵ӣʱȫͬûֶǳеð


097 Ӳ
վţһֻͻȻ˹ڵƹ˸֮£Ҷƽ˹ʱѾȥֻһ˿ʵĳ£ؿڵĲλǳģǰװ׵һ֣˿ȥȫѪҺӿ
ʱС¿Ҳ˫֣¿ΪسĶӣҲˣ˳Ҳ˧˲ٵŮˣСΪȻǲŹύĻᡣ
֪ҶƽĿģȥҳ¿裬ȻнӽҶƽĻᣬ¿ܿҪ衣
ֻ˵ק˹ȥҶƽӲؾͽأļҲŮ衣
裬ҶƽôУڱȥ֮󣬱˵ǣҲ
ָ촽صôǣұ꣬ͽֽɣҽƽ𣿡
뵽ȷʵ꣬һҲģҶƽĿڵֽ㣬Ҳ谡ҵһ߿ɣ
ٿЦѧ㣬ܼ򵥵ģԺ㽻ʶˣǲС
еĶǽ裬ԭѧУѧľ赸ⷽǺģҶƽǾǷַӵ¡
ҶƽֻôӦҪ󣬸ѧϰ衣پ˫Ĵ裬ٵƷǳԵЩ׾˼֮󣬱㿪ʼ
ٱЦôԲôѧˡ
ҶƽУҸоԼе㺪ѧѼӣ
ѼӣǺǣͻȻЦ
Ҷƽصֽ㣬ɲҪЦҰЩ
ٺǺЦûЦ㱿Ц㡭
ҶƽǲصЦʲô
ٸ̿ˣЦЦ˵ԼѼӣ
ҶƽЦѼӾǱ㻹Цұ
ʵ̲סˣЦȻҶƽߵ˵ǸѼӲ˵ǸѼӣ
ĴЦһĿ⣬ʹӵİˣС俴ЦôģҶƽе˷ܸˡ
ֽ㣬˵Ѽʲô˼Ҷƽ˶͸еԼ̫ˣһʱûӦѼӵ˼
پ͸оҶƽ˼룬˵ƽɢҾ͸Ѽӵ壡
ɢϢҶƽȻһ˵˼Ǹ̨ӰǸʲôѼѼӵİɣרŮ˽мר˽Ѽ⼦ѼҲ֪˭˭ˣ˵ϣЦ˵ѼѼӵİ
ֽ㣬ңˣҶƽͻȻһض˵
ٹʲô˼
ҶƽǵӰǸʲô𣬸Ů˷ô
Ҷƽɫ˵ӣٽذظϣ૵ص벻䲻֪Ķ٣һΪһ㶼֪أ
Ҷƽܵ뿪Զһ㣬˫§ϣֻǰַ󣬲ûп壬ȫ˹ҲСϡ
о˼ģһת¿һ˫ڰСϣӻرסأ
ҶƽϢҲһΪŮ˷ĻȤˣ弸ȫҶƽϣҶƽ㶼㲻Լ飬Ҫʲôε顣
ҶƽӱܵӣЦˣҶƽѪյˣܲסԸܵҶƽϵı仯ˣװ֪ӣվصضţרӡ
Ҷƽʵܲˣź˵ֽ㣬Ϣһ°ɣҶʺˣ
ʿɶֹǺһЦðɣǵǱЪϢһ¡
˾ߵԱϢҶƽƽϢһԼ飬ղʵܲˣŮ̫ˣȳƣٲĻ
Ҷƽ΢Цŵƽסﰡ
Ҷƽһ۵סί
ʵһסˣ
ҶƽҺͬѧסһ𣬾ǸФС
һסһٱЦ˵ί¥̫ªˣﲻס
ҶƽЦûзӣôס
ЦⲻðҰһô
ҶƽæֵôУסίͦõġ
ЦҼҾίԱߣǱⷿӵģ㲻ίסˣҾ͸һ㲻ҪǮ£ҽһյķӣҪǮҲȥסȥ
е̫ˣô˼ס˼ҵķӣҶƽ֣ʾסίС
ӣٺǺǵЦţټ֣ȴ˾ģһҪסҶƽҶƽԽӣԽϲһӾ͵ˣϡˡ
ڸһСʱ裬ѾڽҾͿʼɢȥظļңȻźҶƽһȹκҶƽȴҪίᣬ˵컹Ҫֻýͻί¥
ڶ죬Ҷƽ𴲺뵽Ϸ飬Ͳҡͷسٵջ̫ˣǸĺŮ˼˻ǿƲסԼҺһԱԱһֿƵı죬һ룬п֣֮ٵ˼ҲˣȻҲǹԱһñ֪ˣǿ϶ǷԷΪףӴ黹ΪһЩá
Թ緹ί칫ҺףӴһȥӲ칤ֹһͬǰ
ίĹ༸㱨ĽĹҲ֪⣬עһֹܵĹ˵һ£ǵӣҪȥӲһ£㺰Ҷƽһȥ֡
ȵõ֪ͨ׼ɨøɸɾҵŮͬ־÷ֳһο飬ףӴˣôľְֳλͻ᲻ȡ
ҶƽһףӴ֣Ҳû뵽Ҷƽί칤ԭҶƽǶԵˣҶƽʱǷǳ𾴣ȼһ쵼𾴶ˣԭҶƽĽ
ףӴֺ󣬼򵥵ؿһȡ˾ֳĻ㱨Ҳûиеʲôõĵطһŷֹܵͬ־ʾһ¸߶Ӿˡ
Ҷƽְ칫¥ʱСٻСٻ֣Ͷһ΢Ц˵ί칤ˣһίǵ飬ԭίУҶƽһѧϰʱû뵽£ڼҶƽǵȻǷǳ顣
֮Ҷƽ뵽Ф֮£ʵӸо˵СٻһӺһЩФȴǽȵǣðûʲôᡣ


098 Ļ
Ӳļ϶ֳ໹Ҷƽһ죬ʽʵƽϴ˵ҽԺǲǣ
Ҷƽıһ֪ΪʲôͻȻʵһֳԱߣˣ˵ҽڿҽҽԺġ
һҶƽĽҽԺֳĶһ֪ϴ绰ŵǼ¾Ҷƽ£һҶƽĽҽԺ쵼֮£֪ϢǿеٶۣôҶƽףӴ飬ί츱ΣʹרȥύҲܵǲ
ٲҶεĽʲô֣ĸңֳ࣬ĿȴҲɨҶƽġ
Цƽˡ
ֳתҶƽҶƽɨһۣ뵽ԭһֵĸֳûӦһֵľֳǰȴǰͽʽģǸпףӴ߹ȻǲһͨĵΣֳͽǲܵ£ǲܴҲûбҪͽᡣ
Ȼֳ֪ͽĲˣֻҪ쵼ˣĸɲһ㶼Ը˵ˣȨһֹ⻷ЧӦģԽǿĵĵط⻷ЧӦԽǿ쵼ȻǴڹ⻷ĵλãû˸ӡ
ҽҶҽԺѪڿҹ߾ֳԺհҶƽһ£ӦֳԺҪС㡣
ֳæ˵Ҷ̫ˣҽԺĹȽ࣬Ը⵽ֹֻҪٲͷ԰ֹ
һ飬ҶƽһǻĻϲרҵѧҽģֹҵǻķˣ㻹һԸأ
⻰ЦҪһ˼ƽɣҵûʲô߾ֳԸ͵ǵġ
Ҷƽлл߾ֳˣҽѧҽģҽ־뿪ҽԺܲͬ⣡
ֳϽӻһ־ģȻҲǿˡ
һãֳЦſҶƽҶƽеδ㣬ֳ˼ѡ
Ӳ֣ףӴȥҽԺ˿ֳȴ绰ԺȥҶƽĿȥӲ죬ſ˵Ҷƽǳˣͬʱ˵ףӴҲأ
ҽԺԺֳ֪ΪʲôҪţǰҪȥˣףӴ֮ȡ㱨͵ҿһ£ҶĿҡ
ҶŹҶƽ쵼ˣҶƽվЦûǰ˵ףӴ֣Ȼǵ֡
ҶԼҶףӴЦҶҶ
ҶæǲǱߵġ
һǲģףӴͷҶƽƽ簡ʶһ£
ףӴһ˵ҶƽһЦףǣҽ㣡
ԱЦףӴҲǴЦնʱԾЦ˵λҶҽôеأԭһӣ׽ɣ
Ҷӻףǣ׵ܵܣ
ֳҽԺԺҲǳˣ쵼Ӳ죬Ц˵ˣ˵ûʲô£쵼һҲЦǿܾҪ鷳ˡ
ҲֺǵЦţû뵽ףӴҶ⣬ҶƯ㻰Ȼͷ¡
ףӴҶ֣ȻһЩϵ飬湤ҽʿһϲĺҽ
ӲҽԺ֮ףӴȥȻֵ˽ֺѧУȥֳһеУȫַͬһЩӽĻǹ˵ûãؼͶ룬һϣҲûзġ
ȥĻ֣ĻҶƽǲȥΪ湤˻ое㲻á
ɶɶһĻ֣ͿӰ칫¥߳ǰվ쵼ķԸæӭףӴӲġ
һ쵼ˣæ¥ڱ쵼ףӴҶƽ³֮¥ȥ
¥ĻֳæӭӣԱߣҶƽ쵼ӲЩп뵱ҶƽĹϵǽʲô
˵ʲôˣѾſ̸ۼ޵Ľ׶ˣϾҪˡ
ҶƽЦЦǴкҲҶƽһ΢Ц·һǸƵġ
ĻҲûʲôӲģ򵥿˿ףӴˣг̽ףӴû̫ӣǶһⷽĹĹÿչһЩ
Ҷƽæ깤Ժ󣬵ϣȥҽ㣬ʱҶҽԺĵλףӴרĹԭ⣬Ǵ֪һίǵĵܵܣ֪ûٸС۸ˡ
ҵζ̴̬䣬ʱǶЦݣоܲӦԭһȻʲôҲ˵
ҶƽҶڵĹǲǺ磬ӣҶƽЦԸԸ⵽ֹȥ
Ҷŵ˭Ҷƽ˵ֳһ֮Աǣ˵ԭԺء
ҶƽǺǵЦţ˵ڲͬˣȥȥģҶ˵ȥҽԺȥʲô٣ȥָʲô
ӣҶƽ˽ƢԣҲٶ˵ʲô
Ҷ˿ʵܣҲСˣ˸ܶûУҰҽԺҽһô
Ҷƽһ£Ц㣬ллҵ£ڻûп£
Ҷ㻹ûпǣ㵽ʲôʱǣ軹
ҶƽҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬷ڣɷҪҵΪأ
ҶЦƽҪϰҵϣҵûͥʲôã
Ҷƽͬص㣬ˣ˷ڵһλҵŮ˲ŰѼͥڵһλҪ˵ˣʲôûпеСҿһۣøıһ£ϴεǸһﳤһģһһ
û뵽Ҷƽ˵Ҷһ죬ŭʲô£㷴ˣ˵ˣ
ҶƽЦص㣬ϴСˣô˵ǧңҵ۹⻹ǲģ
Ҷִ̧ŭҵ²ģĺԼ¾ˣǼҸأʱûнĴ㣬СҪϸˣҪչˣ
˽⻰ҶƽеҲǵģֻҪһ飬ĸ϶ҪҪ֪ڽҪвٵĻѣǶԵģԼеˣһֱҲа䲻ˣʱһǿǳΪʣŮˣ


099 Ҷ
ҶҶƽĻʵ˼ģֻǲúҶƽ˵ˣڴѧ̸һ󣬵ǱҵԷȡоڻûбҵ֮仹ں㴫飬ôҲûжٵףϾԷоҵ󣬺ܿܲصСسǹ£ûкκ˵˸ܶ϶ܾˣǸֳָʹúÿһЩҲӦ
ҶƽȻ飬ǽ㲻˵£Ҳûıʲô⣬ȻҲ˵ʲôʵǲżżĻǵĸĸ
ʱñȽϿ죬ת֮伸¹ȥˣڼҶƽȥһξǣƽѩ棬һ˷ϪȥˣûãͻȻ绰˵߷Ҫȥѧòȥˡ
һҪѧҶƽȻǹϲȴǲԸȥҶƽֿſ飬ѧϰȹںһЩѧɻñЧҡ
ϪĻеΪЦϵ̬ȷǳȥҲȥһź˸ˣȥǲܵˣǰǸҶƽһ绰
Ҷƽ֪֮Ҫ뿪ڳѧܴһԭΪٷַϪٲԸ棬˵ʲô£ϣͨѧķʽ÷Ϫ¡
Ϫ뿪˹ڣҶƽƽѩϵȽƵǻûʽȷϵҪһ̡
ص֣ùڰ칫ڣͻȻֻˣóֻһӣ־ȻҶҶôʱûϵ벻ڻϵ
֪ҶԺҶƽСҶ͸ھڶ֣ûпգһԸ
˵ֻûд£ôڶ֣ҶƽЩɣ̴Ӧʱһ˳Ⱥ·ߵҶֻһīһϲ
ҶƽǺСĵؿҶȴװûµӣһҷݣȻһԵ㷹
ҶƽڵҶʵû߶Զڶֺط죬ڶֻ쵱ϴǱҲ򿪾ˣǼ˵£ҹֵ˰ƽˣڹؼһβӣǸֳָһ׷Σӣ˸ʩѹ˫ɵ֮󣬾Ϳ԰Ѱӽˡ
һҶƽҶı£ʵҶҰæʩѹ
ҶʵҸ֪㵽ίϰˣԽԽˣֵҲĻǱҹϵ죬ܸǱߴкֻҪͬ⣬ҰӾͽˣûˣ
뵽ҶΪԼ²ģҶƽҶΪˣû뵽ʰСӣһӣ˵һ룬ô㾡ܰѰӽˡ
ҶҶƽļС£ֵһᣬǲΪ㣬ҲϾǸ죬⣬̣ҪǲʰҾͲҶ
û뵽Ҷƽһ㶣ǲ֪˵ʲôˣôҶǰһȻǰ˵æҲһ֣»ҪŰ
ҶƽӦԼҪҶͻȻӰóһǮ˵ƽڹٳϻ죬϶ҪǮһЩȥðɣ
ǰ̵ǮҶƽֱס˵ҶǸʲôΪҽ£һ⳥ʧأôǮң
ҶЦЦ¾ͲҪˣԸҪСӣ޹أЩҲ׬һЩǮڻعʲߣҪǮȥãǮʱٻҲУ
ҶƽǮİ˵ҶǮҲãڲȱǮ˵ҲûʲôҪǮĵطǮˣԻ¹ˣ޸·ʲôģȡĻᣬԺҵа˵ǲǣ
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ҶƽЦҶǲˣ֮仹ʲôߣǲǮ׬ǮҲףĲȱǮȱǮˣҾô
ҶƽϵģҶֻýǮҶƽߵ·һҶƽѣȴеˣ潻ʱ԰Ҷƽ̧Լӡ
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ҶƽҲǣһ߳һģ֮Ҷʧˡ
֮Ҷƽ¸ôȻ˵ҶΪŴǸֳָĶӵģҲȷʵԼ˿ˡ
ԣ»ðҶֳָȻеҲֻһֳǼòԣҪʩѹа취ġ
һ룬ҶƽԼһ־ֳԷȻֵĸֳţһԳԷ
ұֳ֤ӳԷϾⶼǶԷӵ£˭Ҳ˵׼һֳָ
һ绰־ֳֵľֳʹشӦˣ룬ҶƽҪԼ롣
ֳ֪ʲô⣬ΪΪʲô飬Ȼ󻹰ֹҽԺĸֳҲһ
־ֳӦ֮ҶƽΪ׳ԼƣСټʶһгǴԼǵ룬ҲҪһǡ
һҶƽҪԷǸеܾȣʹӦҪϵԱ֮Ҷƽ㰲һ꣬ϱһȥ
СȹģֵľֳֳһǰһˣһСǣæǰʺãǶˣӶܴ
Ҷƽ˺ܶԷ־ֳ͸ֳеҶƽСЩ̾
֮ҶƽкŴÿʼϲ˺ȾƣкҾͰãǶλֵľֳٽߣλãǫãԸˡ


100 ƽ
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ֳָҲ֪ҶƽҶ֮ĹϵˣϴкΪҶʲôϵڿҪҶƽĹϵǽܣֹϵûģҪҶʱôˣôҶƽ϶ʮŭӵΪѾҶʮŭˡ
ҶƽǰӣרŰ;ֳһйԷڷûκζıʾеҶƽȻᣬȴؽ㣬ټ
⣬ٰСǶҶƽΪ飬˵֮ĹϵǳãǶǶعٳϺ涼ԼһֵĸֳȻҲһСǱ˼ңȴǸоһ㣬ǶҶƽмӣһССĸֳûʲô˵ġ
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ҲҵȴҶƽмӣ˲̾
һСʱҳ극ֳ͸̸ֳǣҲȥȴǷҪҶƽȥ裬СԱߣȴǿЦãǸʲôǲˣ
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ֻˣҶƽŵ٣һεصֽ㣬˶ˣȥ𣿡
ٿ˶ûˣֻʣҶƽˣһûᣬ˵ôǾͳɢɢѾٻȥ
룬ҶƽֻôɢϵĵƹʣŤŤڵ·ϣҶƽ֪һʲô˿˻Ϊأ
ʱ죬ϵ·ò࣬һȹװϱ¶Ĳλܶ࣬ҶƽֻطǸеԵļ·ϡ
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סίҲӣȥˮӣҶƽæվֽ㣬㲻õҲȣߡ
Цһò裬ƷƷҲûˣϢҲûµģ
ϢҶƽ⻰֪˵ʲôˣٵҪʲô


101 Ф
ٸҶƽһ裬ȻҶƽԱߣϴ˵ЦݡҶƽǶ豭װƷƷ裬Ȼ˵ֽ㣬ڻȥˣ
һҪȥæץס֣ôҪߣ軹ûкأ
Լֱ۱ץסҶƽתͷ˿ǰ·ѾһŦ۲֪ʲôʱɢˣ׵ļѾ¶ӣĺʼ٣ȴһȻ뷨
ƽôûлۿץסţѾԣͻȻֻˣóֻһӣФдģʲôʱ쵽ҹˡ
Ҷƽæ˵ֽ㣬ʱ䲻ˣФж绰ˣȻ𴲸ҿţȥˡ
ҶƽվŸȥٲʵ㻹ںФסһ𣿡
Ҷƽǵģƽʱ˯磬˯ʱ䳤һȥ˻ᾪŵá
ҶƽĻٿ˿ƺЩʧصϲܲȥ˯𣿡
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ҶƽڴٵļصᣬȴŸղŵĳ棬̫аСʱ֮࣬־ǿҲ͡
ȻеʱҲһЩ飬һŮˣΪһЩ
صʱФں˯һŲſɶҲû˵˯ˡ
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ФȻ˲ôǱϾͬѧһֱסһʱ䳤ˣҲͱˣԱŰһѡ
ФеϸƳ֮ǳˣԱѩһ𻹸ˣֱ̫˷ˣҪҶƽͬѧĿͣףһԼĸ
ӣҶƽЩҡͷһƳ˳˿Ƴǻ
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СٻԣФе˸Ƴ֮ԱѩǱ֪һʱ뷨ȻФнֻ̤ǼҷǳˬڿФһ˸ƳǵİԱѩФзԺҲûҵʵĶԵЩڵФеķˡ
һ˾ʹ˺ͺáФ̶֪ҡŰСٻˡ
Ҷƽһ֪֮󣬱˲ܷûСٻ̸ԱѩͺûпԣѾˣȥԱѩϣСٻ˦ǳʲôˣ֪˻ô˵һ˵ФвŶͷ


102 ˲
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û뵽Ҷƽί˸ܣҶƽһҡͷФͬѧȻԱѩ˳òҲôǲǣ˸涼ûˡ
ФͻȻΪƳԽҵָоǰ;ԲſܲԱѩ¸ϣҶƽĸ棬¾ˡ
ҶƽȻΪФкãͬʱҲ˺СٻûСٻ̸Ȼܣһϣܸϣܸһᡣ
ҴʱСٻԱߣͷͲ֪ʲôζФڵӣ뿪ٲμľۻᣬҶƽ⣬øҶƽӡ뵽ԴֵίУֵίФкͷֵֵſ͸оô˳;˳ǰҲ˳еЩƣкüζܵϵһԣɷµ˵ǣһ󸻴󣬵ˣؽʵһ
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СٻһŮˣʵФвû̫ĸ飬տʼоԵģԽԽФеһЩëʱϾϵĻȴǲöˣФְҲЩǡ
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ҶƽЦʹã˵ȥľȥģ
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ҵ֪ҪбԣҲûʲô˵ֳдȵд֮ҶƽͰд˻ȥȻø»һ»Ҳû̫ϸ˵УίУкȽ
¾ҶƽˣȥһίУȻ˵ίҵͼίУ쵼û뵽һͻȻίȥƽʱҲأôת֮Ҫȥίˣ
У쵼ҵȻ˵ǲˣҶƽ˵üҶƽףӴ飬ǹʹŰңҶƽȥףӴ˵ǲίк˽ģͷϵɴñͲˡ
ίУ쵼кҾʽί칤ȥͷһ죬ҵޱȵļ߳;ҪһˣԺҪúøɣҶƽ;ϵĹˣҪΨҶƽհ
֮࣬ǰֳָСٻӰίͺˣ˵Ф׷Сٻ˵ʲôˣȺúùֻҪˣ˵λҲ
һշת࣬ڶ糿ûϢãҴίԺȥոίԺϰФС


103 س
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Фȴ˵Ͳ֪˰ɣĸɲкö඼ǰ˰ӽģʲôǶǱţȻƽͬѧ壬ǹϵ͸ˣʱǺƽ˵һ˵£㵽϶ŪĶԲԣ
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ФеˣƽչǣǾҪΪֻҪǱţ˭ҲСǣ˶󣬽ƽĹٻԽԽǾ͸ɣ
һ㶵ⲻǸŻ𣿡
ФЦɻȻŻΪϰշǾͲŻǾͽ־ͬϣ
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˰칫¥ФоȥҶƽҶƽÿ칫ҹʱ磬뱣֤ףӴ洫浽
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ʽְί칤һҶƽָӣФҲԽԽֻ֣кúñ֣лӰСİࡣ
һڣ˵ʱسҶƽðһͬԷФоûųҪͲˡ
˺󣬰ҵǰһȻĲǳ骣ķϲͣ骾ͷĿζ֪ҶƽʲôϵȻȥ룬ֻǸе۶ѡ
˵֪ҲίĹԱһҶƽͬѧȻԵúѺãҶƽ֮ԴŰҳԷʵΪҴ˼
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͸ڵǰƺڵ£ȫվˣǿżҺпܱ¸ϻˮվܴȫӰƺǵĻ
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Ҷƽ˵˵ƽϢ࣬㿴ǲǿˣܴˣҲУһֱﵱ𣿡
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Щܶ˵ҲУ֮˵ҲǲҪҪҺͲܴͨ绰ðƺһЩ
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Цˣӣһȥˣ
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һ֣骾Ͳ˵ˣֻҶƽ˼ְѰҸ˻
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104 ųס
˸ʮֵ˷ܣһκŮ˵֣ȻһССĽź˷ܡ
ҪҶƽ裬骾ûץסᣬֻҿǰ룬ȱһ㵨ֻһԱ߿Ҷƽͳ
Ҷƽѧϰˣ˾飬Գʱ΢Цһ½أͷһ಻˼㿴ǵϰ骣ȻˣҲŰɣ
ҶƽĶ֮£ҲŴŵǰ骣һɣѧϰһ¡
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һߺҶƽ裬һߵͷС˵ӣ¶棬ѩ㺹Ҷƽ֮󣬽ŲЩңҿûвȵĽţûţԱ߰ӴһȵˣһǰҲ骵Ľţ骱㲻ˣֱߵҶƽͳǰǻһᡣ
ֱ׵رҪ󣬾ǳҲþܾˣҶƽһֻʮͶ뵽ҶƽĻҶƽеһζ÷Ųеأ࣬貽ţ裬Ǹо裬ڵ飬òΪ˵񾭡
骺飬ΪѣҲû취˵ʲôתͰʱûôˣҶҲǲôϲȻԸУϲ͡
һᣬͷˣ˰ҵһ½ţҰӴһ˳ܵһȥˣҲȻٺȥתҲߵԱϢȥˡ
ͷҶƽһʵģȴȥû˵ʲôһͰ˱㿴
ǳĸˣϣҶƽŵĲӺ͹һߵĳβһּʡ
˰裬Ҷƽ˶еˣЪϢһ£骱ͣ£ıǼѾð˺գȻҲˣֻͣ
֮ͣҶƽһϣųͰҵôˣһᡣ
һ۵ҿˣҪǻȥɣ
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Ա߱ӻסҼңһ᷼ȥҼס
ģ骼ҾǳģԳסǿԵģǿҶƽղľȴԸ⵽סˣ˵骣ҲȥסˣղиͬѧϵңҪҵȥסԼؼҰɣ
骱æʵͬѧеĻŮģ
һڸоʵòԣ˵ЦˣҲЦͬѧĻܵס
ҲЦȻҲԸˣǾͻȥ˸Ҷƽðȥһ骻ؼңȴ˵ԼܻȥͣʵҶƽͣ⻰˵Ա˵Լܻؼҡ
룬ҶƽҲ˵ԼһسǵС֣͵ϣȻˡ
֮ҶƽʳôȥͬѧǣϵûУȴĬȻûлش𣬸ое飬ðȻȥһġ
һŮˣ骵ĵҶƽСӣ֪ղ˵˻ѻȻͺ̸һ̸
ҿ˿ҶƽһȻȥˣҶƽ֮󣬱Գ˵㣬Ҫ߰ɣ
˳ӵظҶƽǰȥһ˶û˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôԴФз֮ڸϳˣȻҶƽǳİȴ˵ҶƽĵλԽԽߣ˵Ҷƽͬ⣬Ҳûˡ
һͻȻ˵ƽͻȻȾˣܲȥȵư
ղųԷʱ򣬳ûкȾƣͻȻҪȾƣҶƽе㾪ȣӣӦ
һСݣҪˣ߽ȥСˣƿơֺĺ˾ƣһ֮ɫģһ
ҶƽЦȥ֮󣬳̧ͷ˵ƽҿСӶ˼
Ҷƽıһ˵ôܣǶǺѣܵģ
Ц㿴һ˵ͽˣһû˵ʲô˼أ˵ˣô᲻أ
оԼһʱҲǷӦˣҶƽЦҲû˵ָʲô˼ǲˣ
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ɫһ˵ƽǰԶټ
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ʵдҪҪǮ
ҶƽЦ˵ǹþͲҪǮ˽þ͵øǮΪҾ͸һأǱ˵ίˣίˣ
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ԭҾòУǱ˶ô㣬Ҳˣ͸һأ˶ǮҶƽЦЦ
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˷ų˷䣬ȥȴװӣҶƽĲ߽䡣
߽ҶƽȥһӣͻȻ˽ҶƽĻ૵˵ƽٶһ𣿡
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ȻȴڸղŵĲ֮䣬´Ŀӱӱ㱩¶˳Ҷƽղûע⵽һæϣȴСǡһʱóһһ˳ʮֵꡣ
ƽҺһ𣬽ҪҰɣͻȻסҶƽ壬ɫ˵ȻǰĲλȫҶƽϡ
ųźҶƽվûжеͬһȼû뵽˵Ļ֮䲢ĹϵǷΪʲô°ûͬ⣬ֻһ£һŮˣȴǻûн飬˵˼һһ


105 ɲ
Ҷƽ֪ô뿪дķģ뿪ˣ뿪ˣд˶ӣڷٳٲڶ첻֪˻˵ʲô
óƽǰ·¿ߵʱҶƽ˿ͻȻ͵͵һ£һһʱĿɿڴûзӦ
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ڶһ磬Ҷƽֱ骴˸绰ûлȥǶ˵һȥˣӵĵ绰ʱϵ£ʱҶƽֹϵʹҶƽŵʲôҲԸ⣬õĵһ׸Ҷƽ
ʱ䲻ףӴΪתһ¹ٳķǿԶֹٳĿרҪؼί־¼ǿܹץһ͵İһЩȺڷӳǿңΪĸܷв鴦ݺɲһɲٳϵĲ֮硣
ףӴҪʱǳΪԴԺ󣬾ͽӵ˲ٵľٱЩٱٳûʲôܲ־µͲزɣûʲôһǽһֱܸļί
ףӴԺ̸˻־¾֪ףӴĹˣʶʱװôڵʵûףӴ⣬ףӴ̸껰֮󣬾ͼӴ˹ȡ
ЩһֱбٱĹԱĲȫѼ־±׼ʼ֣ûãˮ־ֳӦֳ꣬һֱбٱΪȻˮ֣һЩˮĿȫǰ˾ٱٳûв鴦ڱ뽫£Ϊ־µһɼ
׼鴦ˮֳıݽףӴףӴ֮ǳŭһҪ鴦
ףӴ֮ͬ󣬶ؼίʽ鴦ˮ־ֳһʱӰ޴󣬶سҲûж鴫죬Ҳ˵򣬶ֳڶҲǺӰúܶԱе𺳡
ˮֳ֮󣬽һ򳤱˾ٱܾ޶¸ֱӱ鴦Щ˶ǵְӰ춼ǳĴףӴԺ󣬻ûв鴦ְֵĸɲͻȻȻʾȨһֱ֡
عٳȻţףӴ˳سίûп⣬ǿһЩƨϲɾĸɲеš
ףӴһһڣڲ鴦ɲ֮ʱ־ϢģתһЩȱְĸɲһ¹ٳϵĽա
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˷ǴǵĸɲʹڵݵˣµõΣܴڽǵֳǺ£ҲζԺûнһĿˡ
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ܴȥְίһְʱȱĹԪʱ֣ȫΪίǣֻᣬȻϣܽ糤ǣȻǵѶ̫󣬵糤һְҪϣġ
ʱûãίǳ¿ε򳤣߿ҽίǣʵ룬һˡ
ίǣڸҲͱˣ˴ûίǣû£ҲûҶƽæɢˣȥһ֣һֵ̫󣬲縱ְ
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һֱߵҶƽߣҲ˵ԼĹϵܣҶƽһЩ˼ҲΪͣҶƽȥ糤˼
ĻзԣһҶƽ飬һΪҶƽᣬȻ糤˲㿼⣬Ÿΰ顣
ܿ뵽һѡƼɲȻҶƽֿͨԵķʽķڷ
ֹѡİ취ڰʡûйһЩʡѾˣ뵽취
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߿ԼܹίǵȻǺܸ˵ģ˵ֽˣҶƽӴʱˡ
ⶫ߿ίǣﻹе㼵ʣϾڻֻһƵĸɲȻ츱ΣǻһҸ߿ԽԽˣе߿֮ûϷˣȥȻٵˡ
˴ΣλȸߣȻǳίҲ쵱ûеõΣصһ˵溣Ҳеˬ߿ΣӾΣףӴĶӣȥʸ˵
ֵеⶫ߿ͬǣ߿൱ڳԹ࣬ⶫһֱίأһȾͲһЩ
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106 ѡ
溣ҵףӴòһ˵ףӴʱ֪˼ΪίطٳҪ溣طʵɵ֧֣뿼溣
ۺϿһ£ףӴóĸƼпѡ幤ί֯ʵʩʱȷѡְλֻǱƼ쵼ְȽϷſѧһҪϸߣǱơ
ϱľͲˣǳⶫҶƽ˶ϣȻⶫǸƾǵУģֻҪмǿԡ
ȫһͼˣȻεǿѡȴǲԣѧһסˣȻû˵ѡǲǲ糤һˣ糤һְпˡ
ɸѡǾ࣬һЩȽˣΪѧȽϵͣںܶ˿еܲƸȻôߵʲô
ҶƽȻϱһؽ׼֪һشĻᣬԽһǾһĴԱ쵼ɲУԼľȨԿչҪչĹ
ȴܵģΪ֪Ժ󣬳溣⣬ҲŰ취ѡɹνҪѧʫʫ⣬Ҷ֪£һЩ˶ͨĹϵףӴкߺš
ףӴû˵ӦҲû˵Ӧֻ˵һԿѡɼΪ׼Ūͷԣɼòû쵼˵㣿
ԱеҺ˹ϵеΪǸʽϿ϶Ѿˣαȥϰʲô׼ʲôԣһĵһ̻еϣģ룬ֻ˵Ѿû˶־
ҶƽܲȻףӴ֧֣ȴҵģ֪ףӴ֮Ҫѡ⣬ǾףӴһЩ˲ţ˷ԣβȥַͨʽѡһ¸ɲǱֲãֻܴȻ˵οѡĸǲĸɼܲĻһҲΣȻߵʽʽҲߺãܸˡ
˵˿Ե죬ҶƽشԾԷΪԺԣ֯죬Ҫ⣬һ˵ıˮƽԼʱİա
ԵȻǿһ˾״̬ӦˮƽȿԣȻһȶԡ
ֻоŸ˱ԵֻˢһĶܽԣΪһڣԱû׼
Գɼһ˾ɵۣҶƽıԳɼǸ߳һأԵĳɼ˸ĵģټ˲ֳίĵľܷľ֪˭֡
ⶫĳɼҶƽһأŸ˿Խ˵ھչ涨޷ԵķΧģǵ溣ӣԾˢ϶ˣ㽫Ǹڰⶫɼ˸ˢȥ˸ûϷˢҲΪ
֮ҶƽȻЩţ׼г񣬶ףӴߣףӴ˼Ƚ˽⣬ЩԵĿԳ⣬ԻشӦ磬еĿٹĿ࿴
һ꣬ҶƽԵһĳɼ֯컷ڣⶫıȻУǱϾǸ˳ߵˣʱӵûԣҲֻǿ˵ۺϳɼҲǵÿϣ֯ıһһ壬Ҳǰ֯컷ڡ
һǿԽ֯죬һ֯죬Ǿǿߵˣ溣ϵƽûκ⡣
Ȼ֯죬ˢ뿼ԱⶫΪϸԱύίоͨ
ȻЩƽҲû˸飬ǰûи˾Ҳ֪ôᣬˢ¾ˢˣЩμӹˣ´εʱȿǣҲԸٶ˵ʲôˡ
ίίоεԱ˳ͨʱûаʲôְֻǰΪƼ쵼ɲ
ҶƽίҲǰ˸µʱ䣬һƼɲƼɲҲһһʱ䣬ٶȷʵǹˣܲ˹Ŀ࿴
һʱ֮䣬ҶƽٲȻǶعٳһǣȻй⻷Ҳ˥䣬ֻʵĹǳطȡ
Ҷƽ֪һ㣬õԺκ͸ףأһûдӦǰСǼѣҲûͬ⣬õ͵ʱҪ͵п͵һûдġ
ⶫûô͵һȥԷ극֮󣬾˻һİŮӷ˹ϵȻ˾ٱί֯ؼίոճίͨأô쵼ɲ涨
ŪһС粨溣ҲҪ¸ѹȥȻⶫκܾܿͻơ
һ£ףӴٿоҶƽ˵ְ⣬ڴ˴Ƶְλֻв糤һְǵְĶЭ칫һͷԺԺĸԺ쳤һְλûģֻⶫҶƽְλ
ⶫȻҲȥ浱糤ףӴ˼϶Ҷƽȥ糤Ϊ˱֤ί˳ͨ溣̸һʱⶫȥ糤ȥЭ칫ҵΣ´лٰȥϣ⡣
ףӴں̸ʱ̬ȷǳ࣬ⶫܿϣȫչˣº󻹷£ϸдĻͰⶫųˣȻаţ˵Ƿǳչˣ뾺糤һְҲܲܵϣܸܵɵ
溣ǰ죬ͬףӴտֻܻôӦףӴҪ󣬲ⶫȥ糤
溣ȥ£ȫտţҶƽΪ糤ǺʵģΪԭڲ繤ֻز絣糤ⶫûĹǿˡ
ڳίоʱ򣬻ǰףӴģͨ˶Ҷƽ
ʱȫ֪糤ˣͷʼҶƽ糤Ϣȫĸɲһ𾪣ҶƽŲμӹ೤ʱ䰡ͻ糤ˣ໹簡
ȫ綼ڴϢʱҶƽûебоͨԺҶƽһЩҪнӣ֮ǰȥƼΪףӴ飬Ȼ飬רŸдӵ飬ϾףӴʱ䳤ˣҲ˽һЩɲȻ˾ˡ
ҵȽǿҶƽƼףӴȻ⣬ФڰС䲻ٵƳ֮ҶƽİҲԸԳƳһʱͷʮֿģȻƼǡ


107 
֮󣬺ί֯лɽͬһʻȥҶƽЩҪ統糤ˣȻ糤ļ𲢲ߣƷ֥ٶǣȴǹһһ֮ڣίǣˡ
ܴ󸻵Ǹ䵣ְûʲô伴Ϊ糤ĺ䶯Ͳͬһ㡣
лɽҲипܶҲǸ֯ĸȻίɣҶƽἴܵί쵼ãȴҲе𺳡
Ҷ糤ҼǵϴʱǵΣû뵽Ѿ糤ˣڳлɽЦſҶƽ˵
ҶƽЦЦζ鷳л㣬ǹⲻȥԺĹҪ֧֣
лɽһЦҶ糤̫ˣҵıְҪ˵ֵ֧ĻҲֲ֧ʲôԺϣϵ֧֣֯
һʱ֮䣬ڳ˵Цһ糤֯ĸСˣ˵ҪͿҲС˼ңϾ˼֯ˡ
ԪͷȴҶƽĵҲίǣзǳˣ˵Ҷƽһӣڸп֮࣬ͷҲûʲôоõģϾҶƽԭʱѾõĹϵܴӣȫ糤ǿ
ȫʱʮֵƣΪܽ糤һְȴ룬ίû˼˵ʵڵĹϵˣһףӴкףӴûеͷͬ⣬Ӧ´л˵
ĸɲѾۼᣬӭ糤ĵںܶ˶Ѿ֪Ҷƽ糤£ڻﶼ飬һһߵȴҶƽĵ
Ҷƽ»糤һֱȥձǣϾҶƽڳ糤ˣһĵίίԱ˵Ҫģڵְ쵼ҪҶƽȥǺܾͻ᲻áǵҶƽ󣬻Ըǣûкӹ
뷨Ǿ͵ñ׼һҶƽƽֻҪҶƽ뷨ԸǣǾͲҶƽΪѣһҶƽΪˣôǾ뷨иҶƽ£ҶƽڲɲȥȻǱ̨
뷨ͰһЩϾ糤Ҳֲ֧ܸɵȥû֧֣ίҲûá
һ֪Ҷƽ糤Щ£ʤ˵УؼʱˣòˣҶƽ봦ӦףеԭǵĻиҶƽˡ
骻ǿﵱȻǷǳĸˣڵܵѹƣҶƽǿƻع飬糤˭ҪѹǣǾҶƽΪУҶƽʰǣǺף
ڻĸɲи˼ǴǸ̾Ҷƽ糤µģô͵糤ˣԺǰ;
׼ÿʱҶƽлɽѾ˲磬Ԫȫ˳ӴϴҶ̸Цʲôڡ
ԪһҶƽ󣬱΢Ц紺صƽӭ
ҶƽǰסЦ֪һӭӭң
ҶƽĻаһ仰ԪС͵糤϶˲飬Ԫ֧ãܰѹһ²ˣԪҲĻǻںܴ鷳ˣһ˵ԪǴˣ̽Ԫ̬ȣֶοȹٳ֣
ӭһӭȫ˵ǲǣԪЦſҶƽһۣȻתͷȫ˵
ȫӦæ˵ǿ϶ӭˣίİţܲӭ
Ԫȫ˵ķӦҶƽһЩˣԪ̬ȻǱȽϺãӦ֧Ĺȫ¾ͲˣȫֻǸǣǲҲƲʲôˡ
˵ЦһһȥлɽڵһλԪڵڶλҶƽڵλˣȫ˻ҡ
ҶƽڻʱǲعҲҶƽ΢Ц⣬Գ쵼ļ
ϯ̨лɽԪȫãȫ֣ΪԪҲְĶ󣬲ˣԱȫ֡
ȫڲ֪ʲô뷨뽫ȥһЩ˻ƣ˾ڵѡ
껰лɽίίίоԪͬ־Ϊ絳ίǣȥ糤һְҶƽͬ־Ϊ絳ίίԱǣΪ糤ѡˡ
֮󣬻ԪЦݷǳˣҶƽﾡƽһǫ̬ȶԴ
лɽ껰ԺԪʾмϵĵӺأίһҪĵӽƽͬ־°ӣҲΣڽĹһ水ί幤øĹίУڴίһϸĴ
Ԫ껰Ժ󣬱㽫ͲҶƽҶƽû뽲ģԪͿˣԪѻͲݹȥ֮Ц˵ƽ糤ͽɣҶ㽲أ
Ԫ⻰һ˵꣬ľӶ䣬Ҷƽһⳡ棬䣬ǲˡ
лɽԱҲЦͽ䣬Ǳ̬ɡ˿лɽԪֿ˿ȺҶƽֻùͲ˵û뵽»ص﹤ｲǳҷǳͬлǸղŵĽίǺҷֱǺ糤һ£ҸеίǵһܴΣͬʱҲһ޲ߣԸᣬ鲻㣬ίļǿ쵼Ϊ೤絳ίȷָӣĹһߵȫصǰУʵָĿ꣡һҵ﹤˵Ҽ֤ҵĳɳûдҵֺ֧ͰҲߵ죬Ҿϸһҵĸлͼ֮飡
˵ҶƽվؾһһƬҶƽĽǸе÷ǳãᣬǽˮƽȴǲֲͣܵί쵼ε糤λá
깪֮Ҷƽ˵Ȼڵ糤ǲҵˮƽ˶٣ϣǰ֧ңңڹдڵҲϣҶǶһͬĿģǾǰѹãϲίΣ²ȺڵڴһñȽ磬÷չǳҪΪ糤չõθҪͬŬѾ÷չȥֻҵĴߣҲֻȺڲܳԱӵǣҾͽô࣬ллң


108 ߷
Ҷƽ˵ĽĸɲеΪ֮Ŀһ£ΪһҪĳϣ϶ʲôû뵽ĽԪȼ£ȻԪԵñȽǫһЩ˾ãҲǵʲá
֮Ҷƽ㽫ͲȫȫΪˣһܽᣬܽʱֻᵽԪûᵽҶƽ֮Ҷƽ֮⡣
ɢ֮лɽżȥûԷסԪҶƽҲˣȻص칫һĹ
ԪҶƽղŵĽҲʶҶƽȻᣬǳûḻǲûԼţԭΪףӴ飬ףӴ˼˽ȫԼһЩ£Ҷƽʱ»ףӴĲ
ԣڿ֮һʱСҶƽרŰеһһĹȹͨˣͻðöࡣ
Ԫ飬ҶƽֵñȽǫ飬˵ǣҸΣ죬һִоͿˣǰһһСѧ
ҶƽĻ˵Ԫã뵱ҶƽʱֻǵһͨԱԪǷֹĸǣǰ˵һСѧһҲΪҶƽڵ糤֮ô˵˵Ǹӡ
Ԫ¶Цݣ˵ƽ糤ˣȻ󣬵ףߣѧ˲ٵĶǾǿںܣרʵףǵָʾģЩϻܹͬٽĹֻҪŽһģĹһȥ
Ҷƽֵطǳǫ飬Ԫڸ֮࣬ҲǱֳһõ̬Ҷƽ֮Цף֮ǰ˵һҪͬ־ѧϰѧϰ⻰ҿʱ̲ȻҸףѧϰ˲ٶһлҪʵϣⷽ滹ܰգ˵һӦģִоˡ
ҶƽȻʮǫ̬ȣΪ֪ոﵣ糤ҪһķⷽҪԪϣͬʱҲҪɲ֧֣ͱֵʮǿƣôͻ˵ķУȻᣬסЩ򲻴ɹһ̬ȣҲһڹٳϸҪ
Ҷƽ̬ȣԪڷģҶƽʵģԺˣֻҪ糤ίԱֵһᡣ
Ԫ죬ҶƽûȥԼİ칫ң֪糤Ҫ칫ΰѾź˰칫ңȻôãһɲİ칫ǻǺࡣ
һ°칫¥ҶƽȵȥһȦΪε糤Ҫһ˼ʹϵµ˲֧֣糤ǹ˾һ
죬Ʊ欵˹ԭθεʱҶƽûʲô飬Ҷƽһߣ͸ûʲôˣҶƽ糤֧ĲܴѾߣҶƽҲ֧Ļ˵Ԫʰˡ
ˣҶƽѰ˵֧֣ǱҲѰ֧֣໥ҪȡЩԭܴ󸻱Ƚеĸɲ£ĻᣬⷽĵǶġ
ԪʸϣټҶƽǰֵرȽǫ飬һʱûǵЩ飬Ϊһж֮УõҶƽɶľ档
ڰƵͬ£Ҷƽ߽죬ǣЦǰһһ֣΢ЦſڱҶ糤
ҶƽЦҲҪֱӽҵ־УһЩԵУ˵ǲǣ
ȻҶƽ˵ûһӣû˲ʶʱٽ֣쵼ʾǫģΪ쵼ǫ飬ǰˣ쵼ǫһǧֲܷ壬쵼Ĵˡ
ǿվڳߣҶƽ֮ϻһЩ󣬿ӻеţҶƽס֣·ڸ
ҦΰϵıʮָӣŶҶƽ糤ľȺĽҲһ䵭飬Ҷƽ֣ܿ˭ڶҪͿ˿ĵڲվסŸ
ȻʮֵĹɣҶƽ֣ҶƽеƲ˵ڣ뵽ԼЩ£һƣôԽСˣԽܵ
һһ뵳˼棬ƾ͹ЦҶ糤ҽɣ
Ҷƽȴǰڰֵûʲôɽģһ´ңһӰεָӣѹá
̫ߵҶƽûʲôΪվ̨ð֮Ǹˣо˼ֵý
굳ˣҶƽ֯졢졢졢ŷðȵλȥ߷ãЩλ˲
ģܲӭӣȻЩȴûбֳ̫ŵӣҶƽ֮Ϻƽ
⸱飬ҶƽȴǲʹɫȻ¶Ц⣬һһĹԱ⡣
һ磬ҶƽѴԺĵλȫתһ飬ҪĿĻҵĹϵ˾糤ȽϽӵûӣͬ֡
һΪԭ﹤ڻˣҪ͹ȥͬ¼棬һ¸ɣ
תһȦȻ˵Щвĸɲӡûת䣬ЩͨĸɲȴΪܻˣȻᣬȴǶòʶ壬ûһ˵ḡ
תһ磬ҶƽŻصԼİ칫ңƸʰİ칫ҷǳܰɨظɸɾһлвݣ칫ʮֵ⡣
ԭ糤İ칫ҾͲӣŮͬ־ΰ칫ϸģȻ˵Ƶãڸڹϻһ׵ģûжٺøУڷǸ칫ε˲š
ڰ칫ҲһĹ˵ûԼˣԼ˵Ȼָǣλ̫ͣǰ𲻵Ӧе֧ã˵ԼҪίԱԼҪвɲ
ȨҪڵί͵ίϯ飬ҲίᣬǵίỹίҪͶƱģһίԱ֮϶ֻĳԣͻ˸оˣԪȻԪˣԼţҪԼˣڿʱûС
Ϊһ쵼ɲԼźʩ죬һֱǫȥǣűߣҪľȻγԼϵԼţ֪²ףȥ


109 Ӳ칤
ڶ죬Ҷƽͣ㣬ԺһЩλȥ߷ãͬɰͬڲŷְ˷ǳϸģʲô鶼ǵˣһ绰ճ̣ǰš
ֻһҪԺĵλ߷õ£ûǲҪȥһ绰̳ȥ߷ˡ
糿괲ˢʱ򣬰ͻȻ˹лһԭİӺа࣬˵Էʱ뵽Ȼһģ¡
ӹƵݹķҶƽеСжƹ΢
ʾлҶƽð˵ҲסԭֵˣΪ糤ʸסּԺģС߷һ㶼ǿԴסģûмֻԼסˡ
ˢ֮ҶƽԷ￴Լее㲻˼ЦΣȵˮһһȥ
ЦȥˮȣȴˮûˮˣȥҶƽˮŤ֫ææȥӣҶƽ룬˵粻ãȷʵһףԴ˳ϸģŮ˭ϲȻҲһ㣬̫ÿŮһͻƯٱ⻰˵治١
һ룬Ҷƽͷŷһˮպˣ˷һ֮һȥ
ڰƵͬ£ҶƽˮվˮվԺԱȥȻձǳڻñӣȥһ£ֳΪ糤ִȣͬʱҲʱ֧֣˴ѡٵгʲô¨ӡ
ձû뵽ҶƽרŵˮվӲˮվĹӵƵĵ绰󣬸ûæҵģȻ˵ԭҶƽ֮ϵΪҶƽĳ𣬵ҶƽͻȻҪӲ칤һʱǻ񣬼æ绰ְúó棬ϲÿ
ˮվ֮Ҷƽ߽칫ڣձͼˮվְ죬ԭ֪һЩְϰġ
һǣҶƽǰЦ֣һڵĹձ΢ЦŰˣشˣûһȥְӡ
һҶƽ糤ײһҶƽ̬ӣٸҶƽԣǾǲˡ
Ҷƽ糤»ǵģ׼ǱţҶƽʰǿҶƽԵ˵Ӳ칤ʵûּǳı֣࣬һһľ磬۽ǿˣЩˡ
ձ̸һỰҶƽ΢Ц뿪ˣͷȻǳķУΪϵ棬֮
뿪ˮվҶƽѧһѧùֲͬӲ칤ˣѧУûαԼЦݣһѧֲ֧Ҫ̫ȡԺ֧֣һΪԺһϸУôҪȴһУеʹģһ뵽⣬ʵװЦ
ѧԺҶƽӲ칤æص׼ɨظɸɾרŽŮʦ÷
һ߽ѧУİ칫ңҶƽֿϴμǸŮʦλŮʦѧУһ仨Ժóװģÿ
ҶƽҲȤеλŮʦǳĺߣһɫЩ죬Ϊ糤֮ɫԵøӵĺˡ
һȽ崿ʦȴԺÿʹʹȥʵǸеϧһ룬Ժ˹˵Уֻ˽ôʽɶûٽϵľѣˮʲôĶҳȥ
һ뵽ԼΪǷѧ쵽治׼Ͽε龰ҶƽͲһǮЩʽϣȴǲԸ⻨ѧϣʲô
û뵽Ҷƽһ͸ɫԺеԼǲ֪ôΪˣǵ˼ӣҶƽΪûѧѶϲ˿Σڲ
ڿҶƽһʱ֪ô죬㿴ԱߵİƣƲ֪Ҷƽ֮仹ű£ԱЦǰ˵Уֱӻ㱨ɣ
һ˵ǸԺһӣͬʱҶƽԺ㱨Ҷƽ˵Ҳûٶ˵ʲôŮʦĻ֮󣬲ؾͰˮ̸ȥһʱеο
ԺɨŮʦһۣû˵ʲô㿪ʼҶƽ㱨Ĺ㱨Ҷƽı黺ϾԷҲһУһҲ쵼ҪãһɫҲ̫ǺԼ
㱨깤Ҷƽ˼ҪҪѧѧУҪλãҪעѧʳɳÿһѧʧѧͬʱҲѧУΡ
ҶƽĻԺӦţҪҶƽǣǰһ֣ÿ࣬ԺһɫҲǺöˣȥ¡
ѧУţƱЦŶ˵Ҷ糤ղſǰԺһǰǲǺ᣿
ҶƽǺһЦҲǣѧУӦһ龻һôʽͷͲˣԾͷʵ²ˣ
ҶƽĻȴǲţ˵²ˣʵϻǶˣԺǰҶƽôֱӸɫ
뿪ѧԺҶƽȥСѧȻȥԺԺԺһҶƽãǻǼæӭӵ׼
֪Ҷƽ᲻Ĳ磬ԵСţҪ˵ҶƽҲûʲôìܵģΪϴҶƽסԺ£ΪձԵʸòãҶƽȻ糤ΪҪ쵼ССԺǵﲻ
ѧҶƽĽᣬԺȻҲǲϲûʲôĽᣬסһЦ
ҶƽЦģͷģҶƽתһת㿴Ҷڿ﹤ǰҶȻе㾪ȣ֪Ҫʲôǰеƽ磬Ǹˣ
ıһ㶣һֱ֪ҶҶƽйϵҶһʱ֪Ҷƽ糤Աгһˡ
ҶȽԼҶƽ΢Цûʲô£æġ
ҶƽĻҶһʱЩɻ󣬶ҿôΧҶƽ쵼ӲƵģҲٶ˵ʲôˣȥæԼˡ
߳ҶȹǸңҶƽתת֣ӲԺĹˡ
ҶƽԷҶƽЦԺ⻹ҪȥһɳԺĹŬ
æ˵һŬѹã


110 ľ
ӲԺĹҶƽɳɳһϰձȽϺµĵطĸɲʱһǵɳȴǿסһЩ棬һЩΪ˲
ɳعֱܣƽʱ򽻵ʱ䲻࣬ĸɲɸӣҲɲӣеɳһֶ˼ûʲôҲ˼ûޡ
ϴΪԼݵ£ɳ˻ƾһ£ƾϸӣ˽ȴǹƫ̻ձǲܴ󸻸һ£ݾͰ׸˼Ҵˡ
Ҫɳϻе࣬סԼЦݺͰһ߽ɳ
˵ҶƽҪ￴ƾЦݳӭȥǳ飬Զûвɲʱôأһֵģô
Цһ֣Ҷƽɳ棬ĸɾʶһ£һԱʽ񾯶֪˭ˣǧٸ
ʶ֮Ҷƽ¥ʽ̸һ£˽һɳĹƾʹɳ˻㱨㱨˵Ҷ糤ɳʮֶȱؾ֧ҲϣܶದһЩѣǵȼü֮
ев㵥λûᵽҪǮ£ΨɳƾȴſҪǮȻΪ糤ǹǮģҲǮУͷ׽⣬Ǯǣ
ƾˣҶƽлػУһϲÿ
һ룬Ҷƽе˶ҪѣҲ֪׹ȽϽţʶ㷢ҪѣȽѡŲŵһȥģֻҪǺúõطչã˰࣬Ǯɳľѿ϶ӣɳάһΰҪΣҲάһͶʻҪְҪչͶʻܲã˲ܲҵϣάΰĹƽش⣬ֻҪѹˣٽȫĹѵӸͲһ⡣
ҶƽһطԼѻƾ˵ƿԣ벻ҶƽĿڲôãͷôŪڹ֮䣬ǲˣ֮ҪѣΪҶƽһ£ô˵֪ûǮڹҶƽҪϷˣ˼
ûϵҶƽһѵץȫΰһЩ˸һ𣬲ƽش⡣
Ҷƽдذףƾ֪ϴݵûдãڹȴҶƽĻֻЦŵҶ糤ĻһţѶȱᵼûҲûʱȥһЩ⣬ܣԲݣ˵Ǹô죿
дҳɣҶƽصҵľѶܶȱܲɣǹԭûѣʮֳ㣬ô˭ܰѹɺãҪǸʲô֪ɳˣһֱѵԺ˵ɣֻҪɺãǮѵ黹Сһ׮𣿡
˵Ҷƽ˻ƾһ£پ⣬ƾ֮ȻüЦЦǺǵؿҶƽ
ڲپҶƽ㽲˼ҪϣɳȥƾǴӦˣȻ˵䣬ӲɳĹ
ҶƽߣеղҶƽǱֵزƾһӣԭܴҲôһƢסҲǲǵģǽҶƽἸ仰оݣ˵ûƾһƢûУһֱ°
ɳҶƽͻص˰칫֮һ룬绰ð֪ͨİ칫һˡ
ƾҪѵÿһͷжǮԺôΪ糤㲻ǾʧְˣԪԲ֪֪ܲ
˰Ƶĵ绰һʱ˼Ĭ룬֪Ҷƽʲô£糤ùȥΪԭҶƽͶܾĻǲҪˡ
ȲҶƽİ칫ңҶƽڰ칫ǰƺ⣬֮㺰һҶ糤
Ȼϰߣ֮ǰһͬ£ȴѾĶͷ˾ǿҶƽֳһӣһ糤ϣвڡ
Ҷƽһָʾ£ûаֵĿǫ飬ºҶƽһ룬Цݵ㿴ǰͬˣҵ糤Ҳûеǿ٣֮ĹϵһЩֱӽҵ־УŻȽ˵ǲǣ
û뵽Ҷƽ˵ȴǽԼʱеҶƽ˺Ǹ̫ڹٳԽˣԽ˸е£ԭŶԸҶƽڿһо˼Ҹʶˡ
뵽ǿЦһµҶ糤̫ˣԭͬ²㵱糤ҲҪ㲻ǣƺһ֣һǽҶ糤ĺã
Ҷƽ΢ЦһµȻΪҲǿˣҰй˽һĲ״һ£
˵һеܵӣÿչڿ֮ϣȡĻ㱨
Ҷƽֵ̬ȣеҶƽ糤Ľɫ̫ˣ˻Ϊᣬѹסţһ˼ⷬɣֱ壬С
ͻ㱨ľһֱ㣬ֻǧǮĿ֧û룬ĹάֲȥʦĹʷҲΪ⣬ԭز֧һ֣ڲֵһǮٳٶûвȥ˲ּΣٵȵȣٵȥʦǻ᲻ˡ
һôţԶԭԤˣòŲǹܱ֤ģʦĹʵñ֤ʦĸɲͬǷǵĹʣϾͲˣʱϷãǿɲһС¡
ΪʲôʱǮҶƽʵ
Ҳ쵼ӻйذɣǸոΣȻõȵ֮Ÿǡ
ҶƽʲôϵһֱΣѵʦĹʾͲˣ
˵Ҳû˵Ҷƽ˵ץʱȥִһߣβܵʦĹʷţʦΪûϷõ£ҺǶûشǡ
Ȼ֪µҪԣӦȥԣٲҶ糤棬òְǮǡ
ҶƽĹǲΪǣʵڲУǻ㱨ʱô죡
˵ͷӦȥزһˣˡ


111 Ҳ֪׹
죬ҶƽҪϤ幤ûȥ飬ȻϤͬʱһЩɲԷҲܾܾǲӵ£ҪЩɲ֧֣ǱҪġ
ĸɲ꣬İС䡢ٺФла￴һڣӭøʾһ£һǹҶƽ׳׳ƣûԵûԵڹٳϲ໥ƣ໥
СǶίĸɲǳܵӣԪ֪ͬԷʮֵ֡
ΪææȥСҲǳˣȻֻǿҶƽġ
ФиŰСһĻȸҶƽ绰ǧҪóӴ֪רŰųȥˣ
ҵίһ򣬿ǶôĽӴʮָпԭΪίУʦ糤ĸΪίĸɲһרΪףӴǲһˡ
ڰҶƽԼ׽Դ΢ЦûҪæģҪ
ҶƽЦЦʾĿǰܺãûʲôҪæģл⡣ٱ㽿εεӣҪ
һǽĵӣҶƽ뵽һ£ڵеڵʱȥˣڵĻᷢʲô£ʵŮӦʲô鷳
һ룬ٵĿͶһЩ񣬾ڹ۲ٺܿͲ׽Ϣű˲עʱһҶƽƽʲôʱسǣ绰ңһһڼң
ҶƽһĻɵԳæ˵ֽ㣬ڹæûʱȥسǣ
ЦҪسǿɣʹ绰ңԷ
Ҷƽÿɷ񣬶Ա߻ˣҲ̫˵һᣬС˹͵͵ʲôæһ¾͹ȥˣЦ
Ҷƽڳ糤ǹ°ФкͰ˶ǳпͿҶƽˣ˵˲þͳΪ쵼ǸʱֻܽҶƽˡ
һٷ˲ٵľƣȻֻһСǱˣ˵ʵڵҶƽϲӭķѾһҪٵǮţڵǷ˶¥ٵˣƶõҪʣܵ칫ȥˡ
Ҫ˵ԭûʲôӡΪ֣Եʲûʲôڿ˼ôİǰҵһмԪ֮࣬ȫǳԵˣ쵼ԵģҲвɲԵģô࣬Ҳ˵ûи˼ǮǸ˼ǮǺ˷
վƺҪŲߵӣҶƽ̾һ˵ϰ壬ûǮȻȥǮ֧ô
ԸҲǱȽԭʱ϶ҪҶƽùϵǷôǮҲŸùϵˣҶƽǰŰ˵Ҷ糤ᣬҹⲻӣǾƵС⣬һǷôǮǶûˣûǮҲȱ⼸ǮٵøҸһ룡
ƲģҶƽ첱ӴֵģԼС糤ȴ˼һݵ׷Ҫծ˵ȥϰոţҲ֪׹һ糤֪ûǮʲô˶ù
һ룬Ҷƽ˹˺ʵֵǮҪûУ
һȥǾ˵죬ⲻ֪˶ٸ죬ҿǹⲻǣ
һӣҶƽͲˣôģǮҪ뵽⣬ɫһ˵ڻǮûУϰҪծ뷨֧һ֡
ҶƽĻͿ˿ƵͷǷǮôҵҶ糤ˣߣҳȥ
ȴ֪һѵõĺûᣬץסᣬȥǮ϶ҪˣԱ˵Ҷ糤ӦǮҽͲˡ
ҪߣҶƽ˿滹ûǮеĻ֧һЩ
üͷֻǧǮˣ֧ǺûǮˣĹûתˣ
ҶƽһµǧǮ֧ҺҲûʲô£ʲôǮ취ȥŪǮˡ
һ˵꣬תͷƵڸǧǮвУԸ͸ȥȡ㲻ͬ⣬ɣ
ϸһҶƽԻݣͬãǧţǮһ֮Ҫȫң
ҶƽûдĻ˵ڿʼ˭ҪǷԷֽ֧㲻ҪǳԣǳˣµʣͷŲϣ
һ⻰˵һٳû뵽ô֪Ժˣ
˵֮ƾ˳ȥĻҶƽһʱʹ糤ϰûɶûǮһϰǰûеٲʲôĻʲôλϣ
ƣҶƽʮֵ糤Ҫծ飬˵ȥ˸еˣ֪˻Ϊ糤ô⣬֪˻Ц
ϰծС飬иںͷأʦǵĹʷϣͲҪծˣʦϷõˣԭεʱÿ⣬ڵ糤ϹʾΣ취ǮǽҲˡ
ʱֻͻȻˣ֪˭˵绰һϵ֪ʲô£һʡ
һʣҶ˵ӣ˵㵱糤ˣҶСܵҼģҸһܲﵱɲʲôģ㿴ҶѶˣһ°ɣ
˵ʲôҶСڴһô񣿡һԼϵȻԼ˴ҶС񣬶һӦ˼ҪίɲҶƽûȥ
Ҫ͸ңûа취ﵱ糤ˣһɲǻǸƵͰæһӣȥ£Ҷֵ˵벻ҶƽѴ
Ҷƽסش֣߳˵ЩʲôܵɲϰĶ˻ȥʲôգԺ˽¸Ǵȥ
Ҷû뵽ҶƽᷢôĻ˵ڶľƸˡ
˼ƿµģ˼ͻȥ֮㲻ձ˵񣡡ҶƽطԸţЩʵܲϵԼһĻ֪ᷢʲô


112 ҪǮ
绰ҶƽǱҪŸյ糤Լϵѧ˼ҵˣֻ˼ҵ׺棬Ҫ˼ҵǮô죿ֱǺͿ
ƽϢһ飬Ҷƽϣе⵱Ǻ£ҲǺ£˹֮ǰӵﶼܳ棬ұ˲۸ǵ˹֮Ҳзգ繤겻ɣϵձ˵ѹܴ󰡡
һᣬ֮󻹵ֵǰĹûѹܷΣðĹá
֮Ԫİ칫ңһйذԷ£Ȼ˵ˣǲܱ֤Ͳٳķ겻ֻһңϰҲһô죿˿ԸǴ̫Ƿ˼ҵǮҪ˼ңԺԲˡ
Ԫİ칫ңҶƽ⣬˵һ飬һ˵ԪһЦƣξҪծˣҪöˣҶûӦ벻ҪҪӦûУ
ѾҹԪˣԪԭ糤ǷǮ϶ȴûдӦ뵽Ҷƽ˵ҴӦ֧ǧǮȥȡˣǣȥɲУѣҲˣһЩ˻ڷҳҺȣǩˣ̫ˣҽ¸Ͻ˽µԷ֤ٳ
ҶƽһӣԪ׷ʵӦǮˣ
ҶƽǷ˼ҵǮһֲҲУҴӦȸǧʣµʵǮٽᣬûʾ㣬ԭ£
Ԫɫһ£漴˵û£Ǯ֧ھûǮˣǱ뷨ŪǮУֵǮûеλ𣿡
ҶƽȥҪ˼Σ֪ô£ڻû֧Ҫȥһ˲֣ȡǮҪ
ԪҪץȻʦǵĹʷ˵شҪȥһ˰ɣʵλ
ҶƽӦԺԪȴ˼Ѹΰ˹һйص顣
Ҷƽ뿪Ԫİ칫֮󣬱˹һȥزҪǮӵĵ绰æʰöҶƽһ
ھ⼸Ĺ۲죬Ҷƽû˼Ҷƽķ˺ܶ࣬ڵʵΪԭǲܴ󸻵ˣԪܴһֱͣҶƽ˶λӾزˡ
ԪҶƽոΣ˵ʲôʱҪһСԭôԸĸɲԼȥҪ㲻þпܱ
֮ټҶƽʱ̬Ⱦͱǫ࣬ҶƽӣȻ˵һֱҲܽǧ֮⣬˵˴ڣ˵һôҪ֪ͷĸɲԭܴ󸻵ˣݵôвɲͻᵹԼĵλкôġ
֮ҶƽɫҲÿ˲٣һ˳֮󣬱سǸȥ
س֮Ҷƽһ˲ִ¥֮ȸſ绰һ룬Լ糤ҲûбҪͨˣԼȥһ£ӦҲ˳
һ룬ûٸſ绰ֱӺ˲ֵĹ֧ģǰרת֧ǵǮʻϡ
˹ģ߹ȥ˵⣬һϴŮ˲ͷص˵ˣֳֹܾ;ֳûǩ֣ǻȥȵŰɣ
ʱѾˣٲǣʦĹʾͷˣҶ糤ˣҲӦ֧˰ɣ
Ůһ˵⻰̧ҶƽȥҶƽôᣬΪҲһ糤һ糤ˣʲô˲ģ
ⲻ˭⣬ˣǲ֧ǲ֧бȥҾֳȥǸŮƳҶƽһ۲м˵
һҪҪ˵ŮǰҲǴνˣ˵ɷЭĸϯھͷţƵĺܣ˵ĲǲڲˣҪ˵Ҳǲӡ
Ҷƽһ£оĥƤҲûʲôãȻþֳǩ֣βֱȥԽҵϴҪǮʱҲֱҵôһϵһſ
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֮󣬸ſһ绰ſһҶƽ˲֣һ·Сܵ߳Цƽƽôˣ
ҶƽЦиǾֳڲڣ
ſЦպڣҴȥ
һԽҵھҶƽǺܸˣ̸ſȥԽҵԽҵİ칫ſڣſÿţȻҶƽһ˽ȥ
һҶƽԽҵʱüͷ˾ʲô£ҲûӭӣҶƽǰԾֳͷǵǮʱ֧ˣڳٳû֧ٲ֧ĹʶûˣԾֳæǮ֧˰ɣ
Խҵ̧ͷ˿˵زҲѣûǮǺ£Ǿô
ҶƽǼʦܵȲˣǲʱʷǣҪǵϷãûǽ
һ˵Խҵͷص£ǿǲϷʱǷһ¹ʣˣԸ㣬Ψ磬ÿﶼҪǮ糤˵ǲӦã
⻰ֱ˵Ҷƽˣ׻˵־̣һ統糤˼Ҳֳѵʶһ糤ĹûΪĹĴүү̣ΪԽҵܺ˳ذǮû뵽ȴ˼ҵѵ
վԱҲеûӣ۾Ҷƽһ£Ҷƽ࣬ʲôŭӣ˼ҪǮŭҲûŭ
Խҵ˵껰վҲҶƽ˵ڻ£سǱҪңȻȥɣǮȻͻǣˡʧˣ
˵꣬Խҵȥߵſߵʱ򣬰еһۣŵſһ£ѵҶƽˣ
ԽҵҪߣҶƽͻȻӦԾֳ
û뵽ҶƽҪ˵ԽҵһʱͣסŲعͷʵǻ£


113 ȸǮ
Ҷƽǰ˵Ծֳȷʵǲѣͬʱǵľ÷չҲȽ󣬵ǲǻһֱѣʦǼ跢ʣʦҪʣĸɲҲôżعҪǮԻ㼰ʱǮ֧ǣ
һҶƽģԽҵ˵ô£Ҳ˵𣬵ǮȻ֧ǣ
Ҷƽһ⻰ߵİ칫ǰֽͱʣ˵ԾֳȻҲǿд־ݣ˵֧ǮԭǺ־ֱȥҪ
㣡û뵽ҶƽôɣԽҵһ¸òᣬҶƽһ仰Ҳ˵
Ҷƽס˿ûжҡ˵ԾֳĹæҲ뵢ʱ䣬Ըд־ݣǾ͸һȥسҲУ
ǣԽҵоҪըˣҶƽҪˣ
Ҷƽᶨؿû˿ĻңԽҵһʱܻصҲܸд־ݣ
Ҷƽ˿᲻˵ԾֳԸд־ݣҿ԰ԾֳдȻǩ־ͿˣֻҪ˼ͿԣԾֳԵĻھͿ԰дˣ
ҶƽֽͱʣӾҪдӣԽҵͻȻſе˭ģ𣿡
ſղžͱɵһ⻰Ӻˣͷһ仰˵
ԽҵſҶƽеʧͬʱܲſ򱧲ƽ˵Ծֳҵͬѧģ޹أòԣҪͷϣȷʵ֧ǮǺãǿԲҪҪ˵ǣɴһкǲָԲǮʦǷϹʳԲϷ糤ȻҪеΣֳʱҲҪеΰɣ
Ҷƽ˵껰תȥԽҵһʱûзӦû뵽ҶƽȻ˵ĺݻԤϣҪ֪ô꣬ûĸ糤˵в
ҶƽȥԽҵͷ侲ص칫ǰ˵ʵڵĲҪǮ
Ҷƽ糤ⶫͲ֪Ĳԣÿ궼ҪزҪǮάתҶƽﵱ糤һٵľǮרҵԽҵϼһ£ԽҵҲҶƽЩգΪԼŮܸҶƽҶƽȻֱӾܾˣеûӣҲȫⶫĻǮ
ΪףֻҪ˵زѣһʱòǮǶһЩʱգΪһ²磬ҲΪҶƽˣû뵽ҶƽҪǮ
ҶƽҪǮҲû̫⣬仰򷢾Ϳˣû뵽ҶƽŸɣ󻹷вԵĻ
ԼŮһͣھȻвңԽҵﷴҶƽ˵ĻϸĥŻ˼ӸղҶƽķӦеҶƽһ׶ԸˣСٲȡʲôֶΣ˶Ĳֳ᲻ʲô鷳
ٵˣСˣֳֿȵְλҶƽԭףӴ飬˳ˣСİ£˸ץסѱʦΪʷ϶Ϸãش¼ȻҶƽҲ̣ҶƽвǿѨ磡
ϸһ룬ԽҵеͷƤЩ飬һٳϽһСӸסˣǺηη
Ҷƽ˲ֵĴţ˳Ҷƽޱ飬ʵҶ糤ڸô죿ǲҪȥһ£
Ҷƽ˵𼱣ȥԷ˵
Ҷƽһʮֵӣ֪ʲô⣬ղҶƽıѾԽҵزֳҶƽȴֱŸһҲ棬֮ȴǸеˬزƽʱһֱ߸ϣ쵱үԼνĲүˣĸɲţ⹩ŻУؼʱ򻹵ÿӣӦõǮǵһӣ·ǲôʾǵĴƵġ
ڳװԽҵˣҲ֪ܲҪǮͬʱԺҪֹɣ°ˣҶƽȴԵú򶨣鵽׻ܰ
ͷ˼ţԷʱҶƽְѰҺФһйԷǺ󣬾͸ʲô¶ûӣ̸Цȥ
緹ҶƽڳϢһ£ȵϢ֮óֻ˿ϾҪϰʱˣÿһô죬ͬʱҲڵһ绰绰ͲҪȥôˡ
ڳԵúżûʲôѹԽԽûǮһж޷תʵҲûʲôɵˡ
һᣬҶƽֻͻȻóһϽʲô£
ſĵ绰Ҷƽ˵Ծֳɿˣ絽֧ǮͬʱҸ㣬²˼ϣ㲻Ҫ⣡
û뵽ԽҵôҶƽ˵صҲתԾֳһ£ҽ˵ķʽҲЩףԷʾǸ⣬Ǯ¾ллˣ
һתﵽſ˵£С˽˵ƽԽҵߺ󣬴ڰ칫һֱûгҹڷĻЭӦҪңҿɲô˵
ҶƽЦһµû°ɣûΪ㣿
ſãϴҸоӡͦõģ˭֪β֪ʲô񾭲ΪˣҲ˲ڰ칫ҸˣҲң
оſΪܵԽҵⲻȥҶƽ鷳ˣԷѹѹ
ſЦСһ׮Ҫ
ſͨ˵绰תͷҶ糤ԽҵӦǮˣ
ҶƽЦֱȡӦõǮûɿŲǡ
һ£Ҷ糤һϾͽˣһԽҵ˵һ٣˵ǲǷ
Ҷƽһȴ˵ǱȴӦ϶ʹ죬Ҳ˵ʵΪˣҪǮʦ˷ãô죿ҺǻһԶٷǱǣԺҲôֵĹϵ
Ҷƽ˵еӦҶ糤˵ǣҲ
˵£ӱ㿪ʼֱӻز磬һ·ϣҶƽûţ˼ԽҵΪʲôΪ磬ͷʲôʱˣ


114 ƾ
صҶƽڵڶ糿ϣѽֹԷ½һ飬Ҫ˭׼ٴ嵽Է飬ҲˣһԷ糤ûˣöծȥ
һ˵μӻ˲ЦҶƽ䲻󣬵糤ҲѧڿʱĵĬˣͬʱˣҲһֱ¡
˳ҶƽĻԪҲǿ˼㣬ҶƽɹʶģҶƽؽصؽԳίǵݣһĸɲͲܲһֶǿˣҳԣʱеεĿǡ
飬ְ˽ڵһЩԹŻɢˡɢ֮Ԫ֪ͨҶ糤ɢ󿪸ίоһ½ڹ
˵Ҷƽûʲôɢ֮󣬾֪ͨеίԱ͵¥ϵСҿ
˻֮ҶƽûôĽֱˣչӦԪһ߽
֮󣬿мίίԱѾ£ҶƽǰǴк֯ίԱپ䲿лǿԭǲܴ󸻵ˣҲܿظк
ĵίίԱȱίԱԴ߿Ǩ֮û룬ĸǵίίԱʲôĶԭǲˣҶƽǰʸҶƽ糤˵ﻰǶЩġ
Ҷƽڱֵ÷ǳ˵£һЩţǸеа۵ģС
ԪҲǣͶҶƽӣڿҶƽʾ糤ҲΪһ֣Ҫʱ̰մ֣һУдȨĿܡ
ģҪо۵ǰļƻũͳսɹͳũȺڽ˰գҲǺũҵ˰Ĳ󲿷Ҫάתҵ٣˰յСͷ
һʼԪҶƽһµǰĲ״ҶƽѵǰĲѽ˳˵ȥزҪǮ飬ǮȻҪˣЩǮҲǸʦǷʵģĿǲԴҵýԼŵ㣬Դ
ΪŹʷϵѾĻ̻̣ڴһҶƽڰǮҪˣ۾һеҶƽе㱾µģһͽ⣬ܲǸеĿ࿴
Ҷƽ꣬Ԫɨ˻᳡һ۾˵ղҶ糤Ĳ״ҺѹܴԭʱǮִţûʲôԼڿ˿գȥûתˣҪǿƾɣһһǮԷ糿ѾˣҾͲ˵ˣҪǿǣǮǮҪг򣬲˹أ֧ǼҪ糤һ֦ƶȣп֧ÿһʶҪҶ糤ǩȨܸǰʱ䣬˸ҷӳ˽°һЩʸˣΪҪֹ⣬ǵǧǮϿ֧ģҶ糤ǩ֮⣬Ҫ浽ͬ⣬֧ʱڣϸƾɣϣʶµҪԣԾɡ
Ԫ˵⣬һʱôҸеһͷˮΪʲôͻȻᵽ⣬Է糿˵ˣȴ˵һƾɵ£ѵΥƾˣָҪùˣҪǧǮϿ֧Ҫͬʲô˼ѵҶƽȨ
ҶƽԪƽûκηӦȴףԪΪʲôҪⷬˣǧǮ£ûԪʾ֧ˣʱȻû˵ʲôȴгһߣһǧǮĺߣģھԺҪ¶ʾ㱨ͻܵô
˵ʵڵĻûԪп˼û㱨£һʱʧƸ飬Բֱ֧ͬЩǮģԭŲԪӦѸ٣ȽԼȨͬʱҲôСһЩȨֶοɼһߡ
С£ԪԲһָע⣬еԪܿܽ£ĲְǰϣƷ˱仯ڿγһƺĸ֣ȫһ˵Ŀ֮£ñԼ̬ȡ
Ԫһ˵꣬ΰ˵еʵǮҲϴǸǩֵڻûб˵ûǮʲôҿ˵׼һ˵֪˽°Ǯ֧ˣĻǮ֧ǣҿҪ٣ãҪˣ
Ԫ˵Ļޣΰȴǳˣͺϴλ˲һͬһɣԭԪǩ֣϶Ҫܴ󸻵ĵͷܴ󸻲ͷ֧ǵģΰһֱԪ棬ܴ󸻿϶Ҫһ£ʡ
˭֪ڻ죬ˮתֵԪˣΰȻҪʱίԱ˿ͣȫҲ˵ȻԪһϵûܵ糤Ȼеջ𣬻ô
ΰ˵Ҫ˵û˵ίԱҲö˵ʲôݡ
һ룬Ҷƽϣ̬ܲԪ쿪֮ӣȻԭϵʵȨⶫΪ˽þͻ᲻ìܣղôԼҲǺ£ҪҲôʱһ⣬˭ɵӡ
ȻᣬҪ֧֣ĳЩ滹гģ£һףڳΪ˵仰һмһԭܴ󸻵ԸվһһǳЧֶΡ
Ȩף֧һΪ˵仰
һɤӣҶƽΰ˵껰֮󣬱㵭˵ղǿƾɣҾ˫޳ɣԭƾ״ȷʵǱȽϻңǮ⣬֧⣬ǸɲܵȥǩֳԷȥҪǸԿ壬ǿƾҾ÷ǳʱҺбҪƵҪʣһʱ첱ӴֵģҸոξ⣬˭϶еûӣҲҪֹԷԭûйزɷԲɣҪɣǰ飬ǲܹһ˵ͷϣ֮ԷֻҵΪ֮ǰûùأ֪߲ΪǰЩðԺȵĸɲҲû֣ڽȻΥǲƾɵˣҪҪ˵ףֻҪҪִУŲĹɵúܺãǰͽҪ壬°ӣ¹أǰҽ鲻Ҫ׷ԺҪϸ׷


115 ƾ
ҶƽĽһڳίԱΰͱһOεģ￴Ҷƽ֣ͷļš
Ԫָû⣬˳ԪĻ˵Ԫʲôͬʱ²׷ȻӦΰĽƲ˲һЩΣͬʱίԱеοΪðԷҲзݣ֣ڶ¥ͳ˲ǮҪ˵£ίԱϲÿ
ҶƽĻΪûʲôˮƽڿȫˣԪһȽϴûκѷɫΪһӮίԱģͬʱбһ¡
Ļһ˵꣬ԪϲΪ֮һҶƽȷʵ򵥣Լô̬оݣչʾίԱ̬һЩ仯
ΰһ˵Ҷ糤ǰ²׷޳ɣǶڲǰҵľ棬ΪһŲ׷зΥ֮ӣΪҿҪǸһΡ
ҶƽΪ˵ΰŰ£ղ˶ûᵽ֣ڸչУһҶƽеռϷ磬ΰҪ̱ˡ
ΰһ˵֣꣬ɵͣ±˵ǣ첻˭εĻɣҶ糤˵ˣǰºͽҪ壬ܰǰȫﵽĳ˵ϣﱾûжǮҪ֤Ҫ쵼Ŀ֧Ҳ֪ûмʱ㱨ʣҲԭģȫֵͷϣν˽¸˱ʵ£ҾҲʷԭģõ쵼Ĭ
һֱ֣ϵҪãڲܴ󸻵ˣñһ£ΪҶƽ֮ìܣ侮ʯԪȥû뵽ҶƽᰵбԸΰСóѣ⣬ڿΰģ㿪˵ˡ
ܴµ٣֣ĸɽ֮һȻȫҲΪû糤еĻ䣬ԪԣڸûʲôӦ֣ɵسһۣʾ
ȫޱ۲Ż᳡ϵƣҶƽ糤һΪⲻףӴйѡĶѣôֵõ糤
ղҶƽڻ᳡ϵıɵǰһԪҶƽŲæӦ簡һ֪ȥˣ䵨ǳڳˣ
쵽֣Ŀ⣬ȫǰһ˵оƻӲ£ͬʱҲȷ˼ƾɣ⣬Һ֣һڽоȻͨȽϺʣ
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ԪΪίǣȻȻƣȥ£Ӧûκ⣬һʱûŪƣΪҶƽǣȥ£ȻԭСȦӵУΰ˽¾һЩ飬ˣ벻֪ȫ֣ڻǱһھͽָȻûơ
Ҷƽڷ֮󣬼ʱ˶Թ֧ʾΪ糤ػͬʱҲòܴµ֧Ȼұ֤ᳯķչȻڿЧ
֣Ҷƽԭͬ£ȻҶƽ糤оЩӦˣܸıʲôڼҶƽˮƽͣԪڻ᳡ƾУҰбվһͲܲ¿ǽǲҪվҶƽһˡ
ȫĽᣬһʱ϶ת䲻ֻ뱣Լѣһֱǲܴ󸻵ˣܴ󸻹ϵʱ֣İʾܲ֡
һ᳡ϵ棬ܴ󸻵û˵ΰѾԪе붯ʱ죬ܶ飬ʱȴ
ȫ˵֮Ԫ˵ڻصղŲижûб˼׷˭Ҳ̸ϣҶ糤˵Ķԣǰ¾ͲҪˣؼǽ£ô죬ǣɺòɺãҵҶ糤֮˱븺𣬰ѽĹɺãͼƻȡͳΰǺΰ糤ֱ˵һ˵
ΰƻΰͳչԪһһԪǵ֣˱㽲
֮󣬴Ҿͷ֮ԪҶƽٱ̬Ļ֣ί֮ܽᷢǰ糤ҪͽģҲ⡣
ԪҶƽ˵ͷϵĲ豭һˮ˵ƻǵĹղŴҽ˼Ҷͬͳյ£ϵͬʮҪϣҰǵҪãһིһ飬ȻĻ޹أҾ˵ҹЩ
˵ҶƽѾҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôһ뿴Ҷƽһƽؼ˵ԭ糤֪ĲôѣҳԳԺȺȣͦǮģֻҪԺȥСҲǹòڵ糤֪Ҳ֪׹˼ǵĹҪתʱ벻ǮֻҪһʱûǮǲɵ⣬ҪԲʦǲˣȫôʦҪţûǮǿһʱ£ʦǲӦΪҪǮҺزּүү̣һҪ˼ҵķ̣ȫôΨ꿿زӼãʱһǲöˣ˼˵ϣҲǲܡΪǱȻģǮûǮӳһطľ÷չҪͳ֪ũҲףҪǮҲǲҪЩǮҲǵĲ⣬İ취Ҫչãҵ˰֧ת룬һ뷨չãҵ̫٣һСƳڻͣ״̬ⷽҾöǿԶ취ȡһĿѾƳתͬʱҪ˽ӪҵչҪһɱȡѣ˼һûпҵ˰ľţôҶҾ̴ҵôܸúãҽڸͬʱҪоһβܷչãܸ־ֻ̣ͨȿҪӣҵ糤ĸܣ˵һ㣬Ҳû˼ֻһ㿴оο
ҶƽһݲͬĽ֮һʱȻûϵὲЩ飬㾭÷չ˵ƺЩ̫Ʈ˰ɣ


116 СƳ
ҶƽڻϽһЩչõĻͼҵӣѾõչϰھ˼άչ쵼ǣȻû˼ϵ׼
ȻչõĿںڲϵᣬҪǸһЩԵĹչֻдܽᱨʱһᣬͳһ¾֣Ȼһˣھȥչãδٽֻѧ࣬ļʵļԻʵ顣
ûзչõı죬ϰ˿ӼùӣֻҪڣͷͲתԷչʲôģһϷŪһ쵼Ϳˣܵͷȥоȥʾ֭оѧ
ҶƽĻһ꣬˶ûлӦֻж˵Ҷ糤ãڵľƳȷʵҪչһʴͶʽұ֤þƳתĹҵ̫ˣûйҵû˰գû˰վûǮǵӾͲùܰȫõ÷չϣŷӽ÷չе⣬ұ֤Ĺҵܷչ
Ƿֹܹҵĸǣÿȥ￪ʱϾ޹⣬˼ҵĹҵֵһ˵һȴǼ㣬һͳGDPʱͷֻýʾ֭ũļѼʲôͳƽȥļѼٶ࣬жٲֵ˼ҵһĲֵࡣ
Ȼķչã쵼֪и̸Ŀû֧֣ܴǴӻɳίǣͷάȶֻҪܹȥûбҪϹڣΪ̻ǮǾϹڣ˵û˸ƭˣⲻҪԭҪԭǴ󻷾ջûγ˭ҲȥðǸա
ܴ󸻲֧ԪҲûⷽĲܣֻǿͷ֧һ£һҪʵµʱ򣬱ˣһ仰ûǮ뷢չãԼ취ŪǮȥҪ
˵£ʮֵ٣ܣ֧̫СһɾûСҶƽͻȻᵽ⣬ǰһӦҶƽĽоҵ֪
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ԭģֻӦԼĻгɼͷûп֮ˣڶ˵껰֮ӹͷǣǵǸƳ׻ûܸܲɵ
ظҪȱͶʣֻҪͶʣ΢һ豸ͿԸƳṩƷһĲֵиɣ˰иʮһʮ˵ҲһʲС롣
˵ͼЦ϶ǾƳһмĲֵҿ豸ˣʲô
һ˵豸ģҲûģֻҪǰ豸ˣȫû⣬㲻˽鲻Ҫ˵
ǺǵЦţûٶ˵֮е˵󻰣Щôţϰ࣬ôŪΪʲôⳤʱû
ҶƽеɹĲйһ˵ǣȥԺдһݱǺҿƳĻǾ뷨жٲֵֻҪתҲǺ¡
˵⻰ҶƽֿԪǣ˵أ
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Ҷƽ˵ԪЦЦСҶ糤뷨ܺãҲԣܰѾƳһͣʲôľͲҪд˰ɣǵֳһ¾Ϳˡ
ԪڽгСҶ糤ͷ֮ˣղҶƽʮֲĻչõ飬Գɣ֮ģͷܾܿǸЦ
ҶƽûĳƺĻоֳһЩ˵ǣҪǻȥ
ԪԼȥͿˣǰⷢչ÷ٵģҾͲˣܶ࣬ϵԶץһЩ
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ڿ꣬һص칫ң͸˽Ҷƽ£úõذѾƳһ£ûа취
Ͱһ飬ĽܣҶƽȻܷģһֳһ
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ҶƽɫãæܵҶ糤ߺþûˣԵúưܣҪͶʣұ֤һж
Ҷƽɵϣһб֪ʵǣʵʣƳͶģп϶ҲԸŪǮ
ǣǲͶʣܲóҶƽʵ
¶ɫصûͶʣǹԭϵǮûУǲܸģ˵ά豸ҪǮˣҶ糤Ǳ뷨дЩȻ
ҶƽʵԸ𣿡
ҪṩѺԭǲͬǵѺķͬĻܴһЩ
һ˵ҶƽҲҲûǮͶʣ㿴ܼܲʣӪʲôģ
ϵ˭Ը⼯ʰӪҲңؼûǮǮһжð졣
Ҷƽ룬ҪǮҲˣ˰춼ûõ飬չõ¿ǡ
ǣҿȾɣͶǮлУƳ˥ܳӣûԸͶǮ취ѾƳһ£ӣȻһЩˣеֻҪҵͺøˣûͶǮٶҲûá
û뵽Ҷƽ۵㣬һʱ޻˵ȻĲȴЩøԶʵʣûԼһҵԼݻǶλΪԱ˼άһڳϣͶʣ»ÿ
ҶƽһЩ뷨ȫ뷢չòҲϵƭЦ


117 ҶСҪ
ûаŶ뷨Ҷƽʱ뷢չõĳ嶯Ѿõ˴ѡ糤һְҪһ˴ѡ٣һ
һȻ˻ǻ϶Ͽˣ˵ίΪΣٸů˽ֺ֣ⷽ飬ĿǰЩ˻ҪվҶƽһߵĺá
֧֣֮о͵õһ˵ӵһȱȽͥһʱ֮ǰʾ㱨˶ˡ
Ȼγ棬˴ѡٵʱǸ£οίõ飬ѡϣԪҪе󲿷ΣԪҲصĹ֤Ҷƽѡϡ
һȻȫƱѡ˲糤ȵԪѡ糤ʱʮƱ
Ҷ糤ϲѡѡ˴Ҷƽ΢Ц˵
ҶƽͬҲ΢Цţͷ̹ȻһЩӴ֮Ҫչ֣ʾԼĴϵĴ糤֮һ첻Ǹ֣ͷЩ̤ʵ
ѡٹФͻȻ˵绰Ҫȥְˣȥﲻ֪һϢҶƽе֣ίúõصƳǺܺ𣿸Ҫְ
Фµ˵ҪݣԴƳ֮Ϊʮֵưڿͷ˲Ǽί츱ҲϲǰЩڰ칫ҽӵһ绰Ϊĸɲ˵òԷ쵼ºί츱Σί츱Σץסڴ»ǰԣܵ
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ƼҲףίĸɲȥεְһǲԸȥģФȻԸȥɲˡ
Фе绰Ҷƽ룬ȥְҲУһ£Ǹ¡
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׵һֱûдȥڴͷǻѵ⣬ǲҪⷽЩ£Ƚϰյ⡣
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Ҷƽ֣йһ£ֹũҵҪ£ϣͷҪùͬһ
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˵ҶƽҶСˣԭ뵱ٵģôһף˵Ҫ
壬ﵱҲгģǾҪܵӵûӵǵϹҲûã뵱٣ڴ£ʱһӵ㣬µϹ𣿡ҶƽĵȰҶС
ҶСЩ˵Ҳܣ糤һ仰£㲻ҵϹ٣ҽ첻ˣ
һˣҶƽǰ壬۲£ôӳ飡
ҶСһ˵ֶӣ˵⻰ҾͲˣʲôϰ֣ҲҴ磬ѾҵľƺˣӦҵģҪҸٵڻûжҲǵõȵʲôʱ򣿡
˰컹ϵ£ҶƽһصƲѾ˸𣿡
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绰ӣҶС͵͵سһ򣬽װ˯ŵӾҶƽİ칫ﲻˡ
绰һҶСȻ˯ҶƽһʱҲ˵


118 ԱѩΪ
ƴҴҶƽİ칫ңһűʵҶ糤ʲô£
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һҶƽҪ绰ɳҶСһе˵ʲôҪɳץңҽ컹ǲˣ
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Ƽæȥ绰Ҷƽ侲ǰȰ˵һ£ҶСȻؼңȻͷ˵ٵ¡
ҶСҶƽҪɳץŻټϼ־⻹ڣǲȰҶƽӦٵ¡
ҶƽôܴӦٵ£⻰˵˿ڣҶСѱð죬Լϵ˼Ѿܱˡ
Ȱ˵ҶƽһɳɣɳˣŲ߲
صԼİ칫ǰҶƽҲҶСҶƽסˣһߵҶƽǰֶӣʹӦҵҪɣһӾŪٵٵζ糤Ҳһ仰£
ҶСǸӣҶƽ˵˹٣ǴİҲ꣬˵Լʲô׽ˣ׽ˣҲܴӦ
糤൱糤ˣ굱糤ζͻȥɣҶƽɨһۣЦһص
ҶСٺٵЦŵֶⲻҺͿЦܵ糤ҵ峤УҲ峤𣿡
ҶƽٸЦһ붼Ҫ룬Ұֺľƣ˵ɣ˶Ǯ㣡
ҶƽҶСȴЦֶӣǮС˼ֻҪҴȵʹ죬һȣֻҪӦҵ٣
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ҶƽæȥֻһŮ촩ƷӢˬվȴһģ
ҶƽһȻԱѩ
Աѩô㣿ҶƽӰ칫ǰ˳ȥ
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ǲԱѩûлشҶƽĻȻϵҶƽ֪ﵱ糤ȴֱָҶСʵ
Ҷƽһ£Աѩһˣ绨񣬴žԵˣ˿ȻĶ
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˵׺ݣҶСԱ˱һվеҷʲôҪңǺҴֶ˵ƾʲôץң
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ҶƽһеԱѩڶҪ˵ФˣôѵΪ
Ҷƽһ˰Աѩܸ£ʱû˵ͷˣФУôܴӦȻԱѩʮƯһ
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վԱ߸еŮô糤Ҳ˵ô尡ɳһСָԱ𣿻
ҶƽûԱѩĻЦҲ˵˭˵⣬ֻ˵Ϊ̫أһ¾Ϳˡ
ԱѩؿȻأҪǹ
Ҷƽ֪˵ʲôˣղһʱðƴ绰ɳû뵽Աѩ֪Աѩʲôʱɳˣ
Աѩյɳû죬ȷʵʮҶƽΪҶƽƲıѩȻֱˡһμҶƽʱͱҶƽˣֻԸ䵭˵ĸоǿˣʵĸ˼
ʱФ̸ҶƽĺøҲһ˲û뵽Фк£ֱˣȻФз֡
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ҶƽԺҲԸسǴˣԽҵ빫̸ֳһ̸εɳָԱлҶƽɫû뵽ôĵ
ҶƽµӣԱѩ¶ЦҶ糤ɳɲС࣬˵ǾߣǾߵģǻѱ飬ǽã
ˣվԱԱѩĻֱסˣ絳ίɳҲ絳ί쵼֮£ԱѩȻҶƽǰĿ쵼
ҶƽڣҲõˣ˵ԱѩϣͿҶƽô⡣
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ָǲǻѱ飬ҴĶ壬ﲻˣҾȰȰû˼㿴ǶΪǣ鷳ȰȰȥˡ
Ҷƽֿ˿ԱѩԱߵҶСɨһۣʵ壿
ҶСû˵ʲô㲻ҶƽԱѩ˵Ҫʲôϻص˵Ҫ˵ҲҪ˵ҲûʲôһԱѩʵ£æ˵壬ݣ
û˵ʵҴţԱѩһָҶС˵ϵҶСһҶƽĻãһ⻰ʵվﲻˡ
ԱѩĻôãҶƽ⣬ҶС˾ɳˣԱѩȻһŮͬ־ѵһҲѷɫͬ־
ָҶ壬鷳ȰȰȥȻû칫ˣ㿴òãҶƽĿԱѩ˵
Աѩһ룬תһӣֿҶƽȰȰԣҪǻɳ¼߸򣬷û죡
Ҫȥɳ¼Ҷƽ˫ۡ


119 ԱѩЦ
ԱѩһģҶƽʲôҲ˵ˣǴ۾ɳָԱһӶ糤˵˲š
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ҶСԸߵӣԱѩѵ߲ߣ߾͸ϣ
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һҶƽӦдãдø͹ȥ
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ȻǸֲФŽֻ̤СӴҶƽߣ֮᲻һȣԱѩаţ˳һۣĿ˵ǰȥ
ԼһۣڰŮ˭ΪʲôҶƽȥĶأ
Աѩһ˳ҶƽھԱѩߣɫô䣬һǰŵһ˵ζҶСԱѺɳ
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ЦӣҶƽЦÿֻЦҲû취
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Ҷƽ̾һ˵¾ͻܲܲش𣿡
ԱѩУȻҪҴǵ飬ʵң
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ҶƽЦŵϴμʱҲûЦЦ͸ÿˣ
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120 Феְ
Ҷƽ˵Աѩ϶ҶƽФһˣ̬䵭ҶƽڿڵԱѩ֪һ飬ΪФܴ⣬ʵ֤ıҪö֮࣬ķ֣˭Ѿز˵ʲôҲûˣҽʲô㶼ģţФвһˣ£Ҿ˵ʲôκͳǶʽɲȻ糤ֻͬ¹ϵֻֻ̤ţǳɺͳܵ
Ҷƽίؽһ£Աѩ֮۾һ˵ô˵ڻûж󣿡
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Աѩɫ̺˵ʲôҲûôȤ
ɫһ죬Ҷƽһ뵽˰ܸԼ飬һʱҲееΣǺǵЦͦȤģɣȻ¼ˣҾͻˣԺʲôҪҰæľ˵һ
ҶƽӵӣԱѩ֪˵ʲôˣҶƽžȥֻںţ챾Ҷƽѿģû뵽ȴеԼˣóеǹͻʲô
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ټίԱԪŸɲƵĸƳһ˶ٷȻФͻȥˡ
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Ф̾ѧǸѧʵòϣɶģҸһ˵ܷչˡ
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ᵽ⣬ҶƽЦȥôʱˣ㻹¸ʲôôСۣų𣬼΢΢һЦͿˣ˻ʲôⲻĸҰǽһ£
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Ҷƽɵ˵УôŮˣӾôҪֻҪѹɺãôɲȥڿҪģͷﻹӣͬѧҶῴ˵Ĺϵ㹤ã㣡
ФоӣҶƽ浣ùϣæģͷ˺ȣǻ粻
ҶƽһɫӣФиоҶƽͷоԼЩˣҲֳǸ
̸̸ҶƽðƸס޵ķ䣬²ţФͬѧ԰һ±ȽϺá
ФиеҶƽ֧֣Լ߲įԺֻҪҶƽúùˡ
ڶ죬ԪټίԱᣬФз˹͸߿ԭһҪǷֹĽⷽĹȽһЩǲе̫Ѱ죬ⲻҶƽĹҶƽϾ֮࣬оһЩ⣬˵ˣҪչҲȷʵҪõоܳһЩ£ҲԼĹѹ


121 Ʒ
ϪͻȻӺ绰Ҷƽ⣬æںѧϰôʲôʱѧɹ
ҶƽĵĻϪеʮֵůȻҪȹҪúܶ࣬ʱ˼Źڵ˺ѣҶƽзԽԽأڴ绰һģһʱƽ
Ϫڳ糤ˣ湤æһͿǱôҶƽϲһ˵
ϪҶƽ糤㹧ϲƽˣڹڣҲûףˣƽʱҪעϢ
ҶƽлϪһעģڹҪעϢײǿ϶ܵ㣬ԼҪչ˺Լ
Ϫ˵ͷһģѩûУҲͦġ
ҶƽͷһûĹҲȽæǿͨͨ绰ʲôġ
ϪͷĬһ֮ͻȻʵǲϵ𣿡
Ҷƽһ뵽ƽѩ֮䵹ûôϵԼ糤¶֪һæҲûʱ俼ˣϪȴ£
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⻰Ϫȴ͵͵صǺܺãǵͦģ
˵úܵͣڵ绰УҶƽһʱû׷һ䣬ϪæιȥתƵĻˡ
ʮӵĹʳ;ҲǺܹģҶƽ绰룬÷Ϫڵ绰еߣһԼƽѩ񲻴ˣѵ뷨
ҡҡͷҶƽҶ϶ƽѩûϵˣȻһΣԼļûаŮѵ˼˼пֻǸлԼľ֮ѣǧҪˡ
֪ƽѩһ飬ȻҶƽкøУͬʱļͥҲûµȼĹʹҶƽΪƽӵܣƽԶҲ̫ںǵ֪ȴǿʼȰ
ĽΪۣܵϴξۻʱҲҶƽо˲֪ҶƽֻһƽӵʱЩƲҶƽˣһƽѩ˵Ҷƽн̱ʾԣΪӦʡ
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ҶƽһطƽʱҲǵ绰ϵһ£ʱһĽͻȻһ˧磬Ҷΰ˺ĶţȻȻĶ
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֮ҶΰҲƽѩסˣ̿չǿҵĹƣĽԱ߰ٲȣǿ˲٣ƽѩڲ֪ˡ
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ⲻϰյ㲻ȥҪ⣬·Լӡ
ҶƽФרŽйһ£˱ϾǾѧרҵҵģҪίɲҪһЩ
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Ҷƽ˵Ǹ˵Ӳһǹȥ˵ҵӣֻдҵϵӣгֵǶѧѧģ⣬ôɲУ
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Фнʾ֭˰죬˵治֪ôˣȻҪƷƵ棬ǮһʲСĻѣڳеɣ
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Ҷƽ̾ϹҲ밡ôܸɳ£ǲ߳һ˾ע̱꣬ȴǲѡ˭Σ
Фе˼˵˭˾
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Фһ飬һʱĬ⣬ûʲô⡣


122 רר
Фе˲Ӻü֪ԱѩɳָԱֿʼСٻԱѩҪö࣬Ȼˣͷ鸴ȼ߸һҲǺõġ
Աѩ￪ĻᣬФȥԱѩ˵ԱѩȴûתˣһĻóˣʱ
ԴФ󣬳ûʲôͻһֱԼĸ飬һʱԭ򣬶һǿҶƽӣŪ¶ҶƽҲá
ڿФߵԱѩǰֺõӣһԱѩ֮ͻȻߵФеǰ˵һƭӣ
ʱԱѩûԶתͷФһ˵һƭӣϾЩҲסؿڵ˵˭ƭӣƭʲôˣ
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һڵӣФеһ£ֿ˳㼱æ߿Ҹ㲻һʶ
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ФеͷҶƽ˵˰̧ͷ˵ƽǶԳûκθˣһҲټܲڰ칫ˣ
Ҷƽ˵ڰ칫ȥԺͬ𣿡
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һҪҸҶƽ绰߿߿һسˣܳһЦԵú顣
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˳ʹίĳʾףأָũһֱȫعĹũʮֵҪڳũҵ磬ũȺڴũҵƷƣũ룬һĴ£ֵֺ֧ѧϰϣܰԽԽã
һ껰ҵعƣűɳȫĳԱ˾ģ£гԱûж˼ģǾһ˴Ｘʮμ˺磬ڽٿʽԺԸμӵ˾͸ˡ
վ쵼ôȺǰΪͲһļͦηģҲĻҲĸˡ
һ꽲̨黹Ƿǳļ껰֮󣬺ԶҶƽߵһ𣬴˫ǩЭ顣
˫ߵһǰóʣȻɺԶǩ֣Ҷƽùǩ֣һǩ꣬ʱվ֣΢Ц⡣
ʽҪ˵ģףӴȴԪùͲ˵仰
һ˵ԪϼصҲҪףǸǽ仰ҹƻӭ
һίҪ̹ףӰʾͣȻ˵μʽ׼ģô飬ҲЩ̸һ̸ũҵأũҵ磬ũҵصĵλʮҪڳũҵ磬ģ󣬳ʽҲ࣬ȴʮҪҺسΪʲôҪμʽأһΪǶũҵĸ߶ӣũȣ޹ˣ̲ũǰģһΪũҵӣȺĸ߶ȹģСҶ糤ոβãⷽĹָɾ͹ľֵùҪչҪСҶ糤һıչĸɲҺسǰҲǶ־Ĺϣеĸɲܰ˼ڷչϣȺһ´ҵֻҪһ㣬سᷢչȺڳḻԣġ
һƬףӴ˵ղſôҪ磬ҸеҵϣίҪٽһ֧֣Ҹղźس˽һ£ֺ֧ʮǮȻǮҲֻ࣬ʽֻҪչˣﻹӴ֧ȣףԸͬ־Ǻ͹ȺڣԽԽã
ףӴʱ飬ڳʱ˳ĵһ£ٸʮǮ˳һ˵Ҳʾͬ⣬֮ףӴĽ
ʮǮļҵļӸǣҶƽıҲ˷ܣϾʽӳʵˣȻ˵ǲֻ࣬ҪʽһЩȥˣ֮ͷһ֧֡
ʽٿķǳɹ֮ǰףӴ˳Ⱥ֣һֵͬĸоԶҲֳܵյĸȾ֣֮󣬲ϳȥ
ص֮Ϊ˲ӸףӴ˳˻б£ҴˣԶҶƽ˶ٷ


127 Խҵ
ũҵʽȫ˲Сķ죬ͬʱҲȫ˺䶯Ȼ䶯ĲһССĳףӴ˳˻ϯγʽⲻܲע⡣
Խҵ֪£˳ʮǮǩ׼֮ȻרԵһˣʮǮ˹ȻĿĻһ˼Ǿ֧һ﹤ıŮԱѩ
˵үݵԪҶƽ˶Сӣ˭Ҳҵ˲ү֪ӭӵ׼Խҵõ
ԽҵŲְ칫ҵǰԪҶƽ˳ӭӣ㣬һ˫־
ԪԭԽҵԸҲ־ǧ֮Ը񣬲󿴵ˣ丸ŮԱѩԸγɿ϶йء
Խҵ԰Ǯ͹һЦݣԵʮֵ飬رҶƽʱ۾ҪųƺڱϴζҶƽǸ⡣
˵£˫ʵѾһŰֽȥˣҶƽԪһسһٷǻɸˣڿԽҵƺܺڵʱľٶбǸ˼
ڹȥ飬ҶƽˣǮ͹Ǿһ֣ûʲôټƽϵˣ˫ùϵһĿչ
ǣҶ糤Ǹũҵ磬ܴ󰡣רŹ˳ﲦǵǮԽҵ֮󣬾ͱ⡣
ԪｲлԾֳԹ֧ǵĹǷǳжҪҶ糤ץҶ糤һºɣ
ʵԪܣԽҵҲ֪Ҷƽģϴרʽʱ򣬾ҶƽȥϵģʱûΪ»󣬽ڸίҪ쵼ע£һСı£֪󶼼ˣǸ㲻ίҪ쵼עҲûá
Խҵ΢ЦſҶƽҶƽѺй㱨һ£еȻҪ˵һЩлԾֳ֧֮ĴԽҵһЩ
ԽҵȻܸˣ̬һֲ֧Ĺֺ֧ķչȫôĻչ⻰˵ԪеĻŭţҲ¶˲ٵ
˫̸껰֮Խҵ֧Ʊ˹Ҷƽ£Ȼ󽻸д£ԽҵҪȥһ˽忴
ȥҲûʲô壬Խҵ֪ĺôǾףӴ˳֪˿϶ΪȽϹķչȷ쵼ͼָҲһЧȡ쵼ε
ԪҶƽ˱ȥһ˽壬תһȦͻˣԷ
ԷʱԱѩ˹ԱѩߺƾĹϵԽԽԽҵ֪Űĵطȥٵؾ֣Աѩȴͬ⣬Ҫ߸ȥŸ㲻ƾƨϲôɾˡ
Ը뿪ԽҵҲûа취ֻýŻһ£ԪҶƽ棬չһ£ƾĶ֮г˿
ԼϰǰȥһԷҶƽҲֳԷﶯһ£㿪ųɸƵ꣬һ㲻ȥ¥ˡ
Աѩһ߽Էķ䣬˫۾ͿҶƽְֵԱߣҲĸɲ
ͬҪǼǣһԱѩһʱΪˣæ
ԼŮԽҵæֵѩ壬Ҷ
Խҵ˳ŶԪĽܣҪ˵ҶƽҶģһҶƽָ˿ڣҶƽæվԾֳָԭʶ֮Ƶģ
ƺãѩᣬϣǺҶ糤չˣԽҵ̽ӹҶƽĻ˵˵ʱͷԼŮܸҶƽ£ת˲֮ʧˣѾȥˣҶƽŮЩûˣڹؼҶƽ֧Ů﹤
ԱѩǲΪȻûаԪҶƽչ˷ϣϴλҶƽˣһͨأþûҶƽˣͷǻ׽ŪҶƽһأҶƽӴĻᶼûС
ԪæԱѩ£ɳĸɲСӣ˵ԽҵŮԱѩҶƽߡ
ԼߣҶƽתͷЦЦԱѩȻӣҶƽֱֻӡ
ҶƽεӣԱѩ¶һ˿˲ײ΢Ц
ԽҵĿľ쵼չһԱѩԱѩ֮󣬱һԪ˵ľƣȻԱѩǲȾƵģֻҪ˼
ԱѩϲףԼϰֵĻֻվȥƣȥԪԪʹغ˾ơ
ԱѩҪ˳ȥȫԽҵɨһۣ˼ҪյλĸߵͣӦȾҶƽԱѩȴװûпҶƽһӹ۲쵽æƱԾֳҾһƣ
Խҵûа취ù˵£ĻȫͲˣֻҶƽƣȴڰ룬ԼŮǲΪܶ»Ҷƽ
ΧһȦ˾ƣžҶƽ⣬˿ҶƽԱѩ豭Ҷ糤ֵˣһưɣ
гŷ֮⣬ԽҵȻ¶ΪԱѩ̬ȣûκΣҶƽûվָⱭҾˣ⣬Ҹˣ
һ˵⻰ԱѩЦԼȵֲǾƣʲôⰡȫҲû¡
Ѿһ꣬ҶƽûԽҵŷ˵ı֣ﵹǸеһ֣ԼŮΪʲôûѵ֮ʲô£
ԼŮԸеƫ䣬ԽҵкԪ˺ȾƣӪһֵա
ں˾Ƴ˷Խҵȥڻȥ·ϣרŰԱѩйھֱʵѩҶƽô£ҿ㲻ôȴûκıʾΪʲô
ԱѩƲһ˵Ǹе£֣㲻ҪҿԸ㶨£ҲҪ֧֣
һԱѩ˵ԽҵһʱŵصΪʲôΣǲǶʲôˣ
Աѩɨϰһ˵֣ȥˣ㲻ҪˣһӦòã
Խҵȴ˵ŮôܲܣڴǸƾֲͣҲ֧㣬Ԫչ㣬ܸùǸƾҶƽ㿴ˣ־СҿӵģΪ£һΪһΣ⣬ǵȻһ£Ǹ̬ȣҲ֪ģҪȥˣ
ԼϰְѽܶǼ˵˳Աѩ֣ô£ңҪҽҶϡ
ԼϰǰԱѩΥĵ˵һ


128 ȥǰ
еԻؿ˿ԼŮԽҵеŪ˼ˣŮ֮Լ⣬ȫԼ˼²ôˡ
Աѩ䣬Խҵ뿪˲磬ϰ֮ԱѩԼڳ룬Ҷƽ֮䵽һʲôϵǳлѣ˵ǳУôҶƽȴû˵ѣ֮Ľ࣬ҲûһĽ¶Уȴǲһֵ㺣⵽ôˣ
ҶƽÿμԱѩʱȻ֪ԼѺãȴ㲻Ϊʲô֪ԱѩԸ񣬻һƯŮ٣޷ֻԼһεĺøаɣ
ûȥ£Ҷƽȥһ˾ע̱£Ҫ֣гһȥģǿǵȥ˶ˣѻв٣֣ȥҲ𲻵ʲôãΪ³һ¾Ϳˣֻųһȥǡ
һҶƽҪȥǹɣʮֵļǻǵһȥ벻һ³ȻĻᣬȴڵǿˣҶƽĻᰡ
Ԫ˼٣ҶƽųˣĽڳҪǰǵͷϣЦضԳ˵㣬οҪץסᰡ
˷ܵɨһ۵ץסʲô᣿
骰Ʋһ죬˳һʲô᣿ȻǸᰡ
һлое㼵ҲûãҶƽΪܸɺȻҪһЩΣԼҲûõġ
骣ͲҪϹˣҺƽȥΪ˸̱ע飬ɲרɽˮģŶһЩȥģǾѵ⣬ԾûȥԺ羭÷չˣѳȥҲģʱƽ϶ȥģһɫض˵
骰ƲƲ죬вĽȥǣĽҶƽһ·ϲʲô𻨣ǻ᲻ᡭˣԽԽеˡ
ɫҪӣֵص骣ʲôǲٶ˵ݣ
û뵽˵£ɫ㣬ŻЩٶ˵أƽγȥҪ񰡣
ȥ骣骻е˼ˣ벻Сһ崿ȴЩ߰Ķû뷨أ
ЦųĴ֣㣬û˼һ°ýҶƽ˿
˺죡骣һš
ڶ죬Ҷƽʱ򣬷ǳһĳƣȻֱﾩǵĿͳȥ˾ǣһոտֱͨﾩǵ·ߡ
ҶƽһڴͳΪ骵ѣûǰּµһ죬ȫû뷨ˡ
Ҷƽûע⵽ʲô仯һ·ʮչʮСʱ;ʮۣΪһŮԣԱȽչʲôãȫû糤Ӱӡ
չˣóеﲻʱϢĵطóŵˮҶƽԡݹˮҶƽЦһ£ӹˣ׸һۣæתͷȥˮ
ʵˣһ·ϼг˿ǳϿһ֣óʱ֣˳Ҷƽһ˾Ȼʱߣץס˵һ󣬾Ǹ֪ɧųˣҶƽǴҶǳ˿Ҳû׷˵Ρ
ҶƽӣǸеޱȵůҶƽͬһ𣬹һװ˯ŵӣͷҶƽļϡ
ųԼϵӣҶƽһתͷܿزķ⣬һѩ׵һ࣬һҺٿȥΣͷһȥ°Ūˣ;ȷʵۣЩ˯ˡ
֪УҶƽ˯ˣӵĵ˾˯úɫȵͻȻ󣬸оͷģ·˯ھƵķô£
һۣÿӣҵС죬Ҫ촽ϣæŷԼ˯ŵʱȻɵ˳ĻղŸоǸȻǳǰ߷塭
Ƕˣ֪ô룬ҶƽһʱЩңҲ˵Բ𣬵ֱ󣬱㲻˼س峣ЦЦЦдһǸ⣬ȴʮֵĵҲֻǳЦЦ·ʲôҲûһ
ˣҶƽһģ˵ͦεģʲôҲپڴˣϾҪˣÿǰע̱ˡ
˾ǣϢһϣڶҶƽͳֱӵ̱ȥע̱һ£زģûʲôˣ˼Ҳô
һ˳Ҷƽֻϵһ֪æ̱
֪ھ£ϵˣǸҲæڵǺӣһ˵Ҷƽ˾ǣ̿һȥԷ
ߣ֪ĿƳ˹ҶƽһƯŮӣòģ
ҶƽȻ֪ô룬˵һ£İæ֪֪û鲻ð죬˵Ҷƽһ糤һسгǹҲԲӽ£ʳǸԣĸ۾ǳ¿ģ
ҶƽĹԱ義ĵĸʹĸôǾˣʶĹٱҶƽĹٴöࡣ
ȴҶƽȥԷҲ֪ʲôȥһӣźóƵ꣬ȫһǮ˵ɣĽͬʱҲڻɣ˵˭
Ҷƽûи֪û̫ע̱µ£ȰҶƽд˵ȻҶƽõЩˣѾȥˣҷϪѾȥǲˡ
Ҷƽ˷֪ȥֳȥһ棬ȻҶƽŰ£Ըȥ֪Ҫȥûа취ֻøںȥ
ȥ֮󣬾ͷȷʵһֵĺõطʲôĶУȥҲǸеǳ˷ܣöŮŮűţȫûһֵӡ
Щ棬еԼЩȣĵطһŮǲǺأ
֪ûǵЩдֻҶƽߵĳȻעһ£û̫ϣֻ֮󣬱һ䣬ƯŮӣ˰䡣


129 ֳ
˼Ưν֪һֱԼߣȻŮߵҶƽԣҶƽʱһԱأ
һƯŮߵҶƽԣʲôҲˣץסҶƽ֣Ҳһ˵˻ˣåôŮҲˣåˣ
ԼƽʱҲǱȽϵĿţŮȣǸͲʲôʲô£
㣬Ҫ㵽һ£Һθһͳȥ÷֪ӣҶƽóȳȥƹһǾͻȥܲܺЩŮһֱȥɣ
ҶƽҪóȥ֪ЦҪҪиģ
ҶƽصҪʲôģ
֪Цһ£һߴ˧磬Ҷƽ֮ͺ֣֪ҪʲôֱֻߵߣȻһץס˳֣һå
һӦôλߴ˧磬ɿ֣ӣ֪ЦЦ˳ȥһδӣ뾩ôĵطسҲ֮裬֣ȴһ͸һˣŮҶƽߣҶƽȺĺأ
һ󣬱ֱߵҶƽǰŮקһȥȻҶƽֵߣǳȥ
һŭҶƽеͲˣ֪θ磬ȳȥһ£Ǽ°ˣٸ绰
û˵꣬קֱˣ֪ûʲô£㿴ҶƽˣҲûȥңԵŮֵ
ֳصƽǸʲô˰ȻֵطҸˣҪ֪ҽֵط˵һ𣿡
벻Ƚ£Ҷƽһʱһ˵Ҳ֪ôǵ㿴ɼأֻǲ֪Ǹʲôģ
ɫһ죬˵ˣȻֱӾסҵ֣ҵֻûأ
Ҷƽŵؿ˿㣬ФФǸʱҲûС
̰һ۵ǰҵ֣
һԭФֶûҶƽڸ̾ФǲֻûҪȻ̸ôֶûأ
˳ֳ߳ĽǰţʱҹոһתͷЦſҶƽƽŮʲôˣҿ㶼Ըˣ
Ҷƽæشʲôûֻ죬Ҿͱ
ԣЦ˭˵ģҶˣŮס֣ǲģ
˵⻰ߵת𴦣Ҷƽûϵôһֵط֪ôӦԣƾŮŪ벻ȻһĻȫˡ
㣬ҲǹģǡҶƽе㲻˼˵
ҶƽĻ뵽ʱ˵ץסĻһתһץסҶƽֵʲôˣ㿴ھˣоŮĸоǲһ
䲻óץסԼ֣ҶƽһʱסųЦ֪ôش⻰
㣬⡭ֺû۰Ҷƽʹôһ䡣
ʱƽûˣ
ɿҶƽ֣Ҷƽһʱ˵㣬˵ʵŮǿˡ
û뵽Ҷƽô˵ķǰȥҶƽں棬һһվסҶƽ֣ƽ֣
קԼǰߣҶƽֻøǰȥڽȥ·һ¡
ת˴죬ҶƽȥϢҲˣʾͬ⣬Ȼصס޵ıݣ׼Ϣ
ص֮ҶƽͳԻظԵķ䣬һ洫һǳվ⣬Ҵ˯߹ġ
㣬ôˣôϢҶƽʵ
˿ͳص˯ţ졣
ӣҶƽ˷ţʱҲǸոϴˢ꣬ϻŴأҪ˿һǾƺҲϴˡ
֮󣬳ɳϿ˿ҶƽƽǸѿײ˰ǰһˣ
ҶƽθǺһЩ˻ǲģӦӦû⡣
ܸоǲµӣôʶҵѣ
ҶƽЦһµģ˼Ǵϰ壬Ǯĺܣµˡ
ģҲ֪ˣȷʵһǮˣ뵽ʵʲôģôǮ
ҶƽóİɣʲôҲ̫ǲһˣ㲻Ҫˣ
һʱ˼һ˵ƽ˵ҪչˣҲǮ
ųԼģҶƽЦ㣬ǲһʱǮˣǽ׼ʹչҲֻΪϰշ񣬲θǮģ˽Ӫҵϰ壬ǸףΪ˵ϰ壬Ϊϰշ񣡡
룬ҧ촽ƽҵ˾ǲ֪ǵ˲ٴǮҲ࣬СطûȣֻǮܺð죬㿴һţʲô¶첻ˣ룬Ϊʲôֱӵϰⷢأ
ҶƽǺǵЦ㣬˵뵱ϰ巢ƣǿǹٳϵˣƵĻǾͻ᷸ˣ׺ϰշƣǷνȻչˣǵĸ϶ҲһĻر뷢ƿ»оİɣ
ҶƽĻһʱûгһҪǿŮˣͥһ㣬ƶԶǶʱļ䣬ܷƣ϶һܸ˵£ڹٳϷչܷչһ
һʱ뷨ûôڻҪҶƽѽ׵ãȲҪˡ
뵽Ҷƽƽ˵ĶԣΪϰշϰշƣǵ񣡡
ҶƽЦЦûٶ˵ʲô˿һվ˯һ˫Сȱ¶˳һʱ棬¡ĲָǷǡ
ƽԺģ˵ôҾô骶γﻹʵĺأվ֮󣬳ҶƽȥƮ㣬Ҷƽ֪ҪʲôһʱߵԼߣ
ʱڱݵĴϣߵʱ˴ϣų˵壬һʱе巢ȣ


130 ϵƽѩ
㣬ùϵˣҲʲôҪҵģҪʲôĻҪָҶƽĵĳ嶯Ц˵
·ҶƽôһǴ˯£Ҷƽһ۵ȻĵطҵȻѵģͷ˶㲻ģ
һ˶Ҷƽʵ㣬ʲôˣ
ֶ˶ҶƽӽţСѾҶƽСϣҶƽһʱûҶֻ˶촽˵ͷһЩ˶Լ֧⣬ΪǵĲ·ǮûǰˣǩֱˣѾʼԪ߿ˣγǻ¡
ҶƽȻһվ˳ӳ뿪Ȼɳϣ򳣷ʵ㣬˵Ŀģ
Ҹոմģûü㱨ЩɲرǸձûǮͷ϶ˣȥĻûˣǲ
Ҷƽһۣ˵ţҶƽ뿪ߣʧһ£ߵҶƽԱߵɳ
תͷһۣҶƽ룬ṩǳҪţ˿֧Ϊ糤ܲΪ£ЩвĸɲҲţڳ˳òˡ
㣬˵дЩ˾뿫ҵˮһôǶǵĲ·ϲҪսףҶƽ¶һּ顣
һ£㲻ǿԵģҪ뷨һ£ҪţԪٰ֧ǣ͹ˣһ˾Ͳ㵱£糤൱ڳ˹˾쵼֧֣˲֧㣬㻹ôɵȥ
˵еҶƽĸɲǵöһˣõϸвɲõı䣬Щ˻ȥ
Ҷƽľĺ˵ҪɲԪ֧֣ίǣͬ⣬µȥ
Ҷƽ֪ұ뷨ı棬һֱ뷨͹̬ȣĹԶã
Ҷƽ˵ĺּܼĸɲ뷨ǱۣݺݵؼԸı䣬ҵ˼ǲҪĹϣȻıȡ˵ĺô
վֱߵǰҶƽ̧ͷֻһ룬ݰף֪Ҫʲô
㣬ϢˣȥϢɣҶƽͻȻ˵һ䡣
ߵǰȴͻȻһȥֱϣҰ˯Ŧ˿
ͻȻһĻҶƽĿɿڴ
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ȴǽһӰȻҶƽض˵㣬ˣ˯ɣҵȥ˯
û뵽֮ǰѾǷ׼Լĵһ׸Լϲˣû뵽Ҷƽô
ƽѵ㿴ңűӣ૵ص
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侲󣬳ûҶƽķȥ˯˯£߳Ҷƽķ䡣
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극Ҷƽٴϵ֪˺ü绰֪Žˣһֱ˯
Ҷƽĵ绰֪˴ϴˢϺ󿪳ҶƽһҶƽ֮󣬱Цϸһˣû澡˰
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ĽҶ룬˰ɣ㳤ôƯ֪ίǵǧ϶ĿĲģҸܵǸҶΰңʲôҿ㻹Ǿ¾ɣ
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ΪƽѩõѣĽЦȥȥ˺øѰѹأ˼Ҹƭˣ
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131 󽫾Ҷ
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˿ĽһۣҶƽ΢Цһ±˳Ȼһ·ǰʻȥһҿȹǰ³˽ȥ
֮˾ƽѩҶƽǰʲôµģҶƽ˵һ£֪Ҷƽ糤Ȼ󵽾ǰµġ
ҶƽôȻҲ糤һϾΪϰհʵ£ĽҲɵعĿ࿴ȻҶƽûʲôõĳȴ˸еȺչȥҶƽ˵һԶδ
һģҶƽеǳģԼԼظеƽѩ̬仯ΪԭһĻӦĽᵥһ죬ʼգĽһֱԣȻĽҲʮֵۡ
˰죬ĽȥЩˣƽѩȥӣҶƽվǸǣƽѩһͿˣȻˣϵһ²á
ƽѩȻؿһۣ˵ʲôû˵ֵʱֻ˵һأĽһˡ
ƽѩԶȥҶƽ˵ԼʲôǸееįĸоˣҲЩԶﲻӦĵطҲ̫ܵϵֻƲĵط
Ȼһ£Ҷƽ׼ͳһȥʱ֪ͻȻ˵绰ϰҪ
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Ҷƽһк߽ڣȺƽƽкԵñȽ顣
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ƽæЦûҾʣ֪֪үүһǸʲô𣿡
ҶƽûүүЩ飬˵үүûҽЩ飬ֻǸ߹ңǼǴǨǱߵģʲôҵûȥүү֪
һүүǨģƽû˵ЦЦȥүү㿴үүѹŽϻдأ
д֣Ҷƽûע飬үүûԼѽúõؿһ£ô滹֣
ùһҶƽ㿴ƽĹŽĿżֻ֣дţԶ󽫾Ҷ
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Ҷƽæ˵үү͸ģôûȥأһȥүүʹ绰
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뿪ƽļ֮Ҷƽص˱ݣѾףͳһȥ
һ·ϣҶƽǰѹŽ£ȻȥԺһүүһ·ûϿԵ׽ˣҶƽƷȷʵ
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㱨飬ע̱꣬ôһҪ淶׵Ʒʵ϶ԼӣԴγõ
һ뺫ԶϵŴ׵ӣܴܲгһҲ뷨Լ׳ԼӣһС׳ϴӵҪ󣬱ýһ͵׳УҪʽһ⡣
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鲻һԪй֮󣬱̽ҶƽҪļŵְλҶƽһԼĵƣЦ˵ǣǣΪûʲô
ԪҲЦһЦ糤ôûԼҽԼҪŵְλһµܴٽ㿴أ
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Ҷƽ˵⼸ְλҪûаˮվǰ棬ĿĻҪձҪ֪ǼձģձᰵмǺ𲻱Ҫ鷳


132 
ҶƽĻԪ֪ҶƽҪ˵Ҷ糤˼ҪĲţҲἸ㿴ɲԣ
ҶƽһҲҪᣬ϶ҪԼнˣȻ˵еʵϾһֽףֻǸԵĳ㲻ͬȫΪ˹ԪΪȨ
ҶƽϴԪũҵվҽվŵְλҪеȻ⼸ְλְʱ䲻̫Ϊ˼ǿҪһµڹ
ԪѲ˳ҶƽҲ⣬ũҵվҽվǲҪĲţԪȥֻвһְķۣ֮ţǺԼһΪ˴ڻ
ҶƽЦЦְʱ䲻ǿеǣǿܻ᲻أ
Ԫζͬ־ȻǵҲ᲻ǿɲΪǲͲˣ˵ǲҶ糤
ҶƽеԪȷʵһӾͰĻ˵ˣְλǱסˣԭΪƽһĸ֣һǣƣԪѾ̯ƣָȨסţȻЩˣҲ͵ˣںԪһҲûʲôϧġ
뵽Ҷƽ˿Ԫֱ˵ǣȻһĵвУ
Ԫ˵Ҷ糤˵ǲǲıϣ
ҶƽͳվְλԻũҵվԻˮվһְǿΣҽվһְʱ㿴ô
Ҷƽһķ֪ԪĲѡҦΰԪԭïϵǣҦΰλҲӦ֮壬ԽԽҦΰβ⣬һĽס
ԪЦЦҶ糤ǿˮվûʲôһְҽҦΰΣҽվ԰ҪʱͳվȷʵˣҿԺձһ˳вɲһְֻǵɲͿˡ
ԪձҲһֱϲҲǿձɣҶƽҪβ˳ˮۣͬҶƽҪȻĿģ
Ԫʹ˴ӦǿˮվҪҶƽ룬Ҳ棬ͬʱҲʵ˴ٽĿģͳվ졢ˮվְλ˶ˣԪҽվĽûж˵õ
뵽ҶƽһЦһǰš
ԪǺһЦеҶƽ˵ˣ˵һİˡ
ڸɲǳеһһǿо飬ʵԤڵĿġ
ո£ʮ࣬ҶƽסڼԺ׼ϴϢ·ˣϴϴţ׼˯ȴ
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һҶƽæڣŷлŶˮʲôġ
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ҶƽҪУæѣѼ䣬Ҷƽŵص·һͷķһ࣬װ׵Ƥڵƹӳ±øѩס
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Ļ̧һͷɫʮֵĽߣûжһֹӣ⸱ģҶƽɨһ۲輸ǰ׳ĲƷͻȻðһǳµͷôɫԼİɣ


133 Ҳ뷨
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ҶƽһۣһʱʵҶ糤֪Ŀģ
ҶƽЦְλĹʲôҪ룬ҪְλģֻҪʵ˸õʲôǹˣ֪֪
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һҶƽո磬ӸˣæվҶ糤ҲϢˣһȥˣ
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һҶƽҪ̣ɫֺúܵ͵صԸ硭ûʲô̵ģ
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һҶƽ˵֣֪ǵˣһԪҪ񵱳ܴһҪ˲һôʱܴ󸻸˲һίԱĴᣬ²˴
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뵽Ҫ˼Ŀɽǲܴ󸻣ܴ󸻲ǵȥҲܴ󸻣ܲܵȥ
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Ҧΰ˵ӣȴˣԭܴ󸻣ڼȵòԪΣҶƽĹϵҲãһֶûʲôӡʲôչǰ;ǸͬѧʤһæҲﲻϣţ˵󻰵Ǻ
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һ骾Ǻ٣ϴγҶƽһͺܼˣڿ£㲻㣬ҿһҲҵˣǲҶƽô˵ģҿΪһˣ


134 
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뵽˵骣ҲǸ˼ҪҰƽǰһʣְܸܲ
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骶һ£ǺЦĻᣬУһץסģʱɲҪʰ
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Ȼ˵ţȴǸеǳ⣬崿ģȴⷽ浨ӻͦ󣬾ȻԼ˵ҪҶƽ£˲ãš
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138 ʽ
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ȻǳãԱǵʱȴûһԸǮͶʵģⲻǲ֧֣Ǿзգ˭ԸⵣգҪô죿
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յôĿ֧ɵ㣬Ȼұ֤ЩǮձ̰ˣ˻ɵġ
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142 ˴һ
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145 ְλ
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147 ϵ
ΰŰ߽ίСңһƲ˵ӣŹʤ֧֣Ƚϸ߰ڱøӸ߰ˣФ߹ߵʱФһۡ
ФȴǸе֣ٿǵίᣬίᣬΰǵίίԱôμӻˣ
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˶֮ҶƽԪһǰһԭҶƽεʱǻȹ죬ǵڣѾûбҪôˣԴʱǺԪ粢߹ġ
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148 Ӫ
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149 Фи
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뵽ҶƽЦһµԲʦҸղ˵Ͻ֪ˣҰФרŽйһʣȻô
Ҷƽش÷һһ飬ȻվллҶ糤
ҪˣҶƽеЩͷۣ÷˵֮󣬱תˣҲûٺ˵
һΣһ绰Фи˹Фв֪ʲô£㼱Żŵİ칫ңһűʵƽʲôô
Ҷƽ˰ͻȻ˵ɵĺ£
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Ҷƽ˵ûʲô£˼ҶͦŴˣ
Ȼ飬Фæʵǲ÷ˣ
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һȻ÷ҶƽˣФصôڹ⺦ң
Ҷƽ˼һ˼ҶӸˣ˵˼ں㣬ڲں˼ң
Фæ˵ֻѣ̸ֲ˺ӣҪҽ飬ôܴӦ
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150 
ФҶƽҸĻͷƲ֣⸱ӣҶƽɵ˵УСٻ֮ôˣǲɢˣ
Ф̧ͷһ˵û˵ɢҲû˵ɢҲǸǶûжٸоּ٣ûơ
Ҷƽ˵Сٻôõˣ㶼ϣעҪҶ÷ʵҸо򵥣˼ѾĺӣȰþʹӦ˼˼ҽ飬ҿ;Ҳ͵Ϊֹˣ
Феɴ˫ۣ˵ƽ˵ôأ
ҶƽһŮӣڵһ÷ղҹ۲һ£ϿʵһܼǿˣֻǼ˵˼ˣ󳳴֣ҵǲõģ˵ûʲôǸڵֻ˼ᣬҸԽԽ˵к֣㲻Ӧ˦ˣȻ˵϶һȳֻǵίһ÷ǰĶУ룬㻹ʲôʹ𣿡
ФҶƽĻͻȻ˸飬÷ҲûôΪʲôҶƽῴ
ƽôأФв÷־ٶ
ҶƽУ⻰㰮ûкҩɳԣߵһһҲͻˣҿ÷Ҳ⣬ǽˣ;һЩȻŪˣô飬˳ˮۣˮɣˣȻ»ԼᣬֻܸҸ棡
ФһʱĬҶƽ˿˵ҹƻû֪£֮ңΪ糤Ϊͬѧ쵼ӦȥԪԪԪй̸𣿿ֱϱ֯֯˰ɣһŪŮԵ˵ΣڵְλҲȥԼúÿһ£㲻ӦңһõĴ𸴡
ҶƽǶФһҸ棬ϾФͬѧ뿴ФΪ¶£Ӷڲһ֣һвԼȰҲûа취
ФҶƽĻתȥˣҪ˵¶ǸԺģԺƯŮʦҲ᷸˴󣬱Ϊֻһģ˭֪һһȶ࣬÷һˣǼǲ嵱ʱʲô÷һ˵ˣͻˣ÷ĵ绰ҽˣ÷ҵҶƽȻͷ¡
Ҫɫ÷ȻȲԱѩСٻҲһ㣬ȴΪһʱ嶯飬ǲ̫Ϸˣ
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ʱФһһȷľ֮һȺ÷飬Ȼ겻еĻ飬ǿԵİɣܱһӰԼ;ٵҪһЩ
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ҶƽǺǵЦУô£ɲҪǿǽٳʲô飬عͷңҪǺá
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ФھŮ֮һ޷ѵŮˣ÷֪Ϣϲ⣬ɲһ⵽ŮˣФдӦͺܸˡ
ͬѧͻȻФҪϢ󣬴ΪǺСٻǵֳŷָǻ£һФнĲСٻ㼱æҶƽҶƽһаϲֻҪСٻû飬лˡ
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ФнˣҶƽҲ뵽Լƽѩû绰ˣ˼ε绰ҲֻǼ򵥵һģԼЩˣȻƽѩȥң֮ȷֹϵ˻Ҫʵһ㣬ƽѩֻһӰĻŸ߿ˡ
߿ͨźܶĹͬԣȻû̸Ƿ飬ʱһĲɵؾͻᷢײԥš
еԼĸФм򵥣ҶƽҲһЩգФΪŽַգֻȫĵͶ뵽ȥ
һ죬ڰ칫ͱ̸ƽ̨绰˵Ҫ̨ǲڣǽӴ
һ̨ˣһ̨Ҷƽе֣ССĲѵ̨
Ҷƽ͸߰ƣȻбǱ߶ˣȻҪӴֻΪʲôҪһʱ㲻ף֮һʡ
ӵ绰һСʱ̨ĸ˾˲磬ҶƽӴһʮֻˣһϸԼʮˣһˣʮ꣬һǺˣ
Ҷƽһһ֣ǱֵطǳʮֵнǸϸȻˣǿȥǷǳʣ̸֮崺硣
˫̨֮츺˾ͶҶƽҶ糤һ£ǴӱǱģһλǵһˣҲȽϴˣ֪ڲһʡ
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һϸ˵ʲô֣Ҷƽ˵һ壬Ҳûʲôнֵġ
һҶƽѣϸ̸˵ص壬ʱôˣһ˵Ҿ͸еУ壡
Ҷƽϸ˷ܵӣʵ˽ʲôԼж󣿡
ϸæ˵ֽҶ壬ҵμסģԼôɣҺӦһ磡


151 ȥ
һϸ˵Լүү֣Ҷƽʱ벻ôɣҵ˾үүɣ
Ҷƽȵӣϸʵʲô𣿡
Ҷƽæ˰Цûûʲô⣬һ£ΪʲôҪ
ϸһ˵Ц˵ѾһʷˣôҲٻ뵱꣬һټҵ̫̫·˵صʱܵɧţҿðΣհҾȳ֮һֱûٻлǶˣٲźͻĹȥˣԽŻʡ׵Ļᣬ֪ڲڣ
һ̫̫֣ҶƽȻүүȹһʱ̫̫Ĺ£ʱûô⣬ڿģҶԷȻܵ˱ֻˡ
Ҷƽһ룬ߵϸǰ˵˵˿ܾҵүүүүͽҶ壬ҽ£ڴȥɡ
ҶƽϸһʱŻҵĶˣֳ˷ܶ־ȵı飬⻰ģ
ҶƽڽļҪҾʹȥ
ߣȥ̫ллˣϸ˷ܵվ
̨Ҳû뵽˳ҲĻοһϸˣϾǱǱ߹ˣҪдˣû뵽Ȼ˳
Ҷ糤ˣ벻ܵĶ˾үүһˣ̨ԱҲЦ˵
ϸ¶ޱȲõЦϸӴ½ɷһܵûжɷһ˳ͥһҵҵѾΪڲǵĴ˾ֽʫӨ̨κܡ
ҶЦЦҶƽʫӨĶһ˽壬Ҷƽǰͷ·ֱүүסĵط
Ҷһǿϻ£ȻԵúܺãԶҶƽһżˣվʲô¡
ûеڣʫӨѾⱦؼߵǰʧеҶ磬ϵҲ
ǰʫӨҶһʱȻ˵ʶǰʫӨˣ¹ȥôʱ䣬Ҳû̫ǵ£ôܼ´ϣʫӨı仯ܴô
ǡҶƽɵʵ
ʫӨ㻹ǵõ²ҿҲħצ룬һȥԺ߷ʱлս½ţһʱ鲻һξǼʮȥˣ벻ֻʫӨذѵ˵һ顣
һᵽǼ£Ҷļ˲䱻򿪣ͬǾı飬ǵ걻ӵ̫̫
û˰ɣҽʫӨҷһ٣ȥ˱ûĴȣҲͲˣʫӨ˵˵ﻹЩˣȻһ˷ܵı顣
Ҷڼˣ˰ʱֻǳһʱߣԷǹ·ˣ˲࣬ʫӨǾĿ޺жʱ֮ģŶԷע⣬¹򽫶Է򵹣ȻʫӨ롣
ʫӨʱָлʾԼǽٵ̫̫һҪرҶ嵹ûЩֻǿ̣Բųȣھȳ󣬱Ҫȥ
ʫӨ˵פ͵ȥҶ֪ڱң˵Էץ׳һ·̾ԼһˣûиȥӪ
Ӵ˱ҲûмʫӨٿȻ޷ϳˣʫӨһȴǼ£һҶϳˣȻ絶ģ仯ܴ󣬵ӰȴؼԺ
ʫӨסҶ˫֣ҶҲǼʵķðɣ
ʫӨȻһЦͲˣҵĶӺӣҲһ
˵ʫӨӺǸһ˹ظҶʩһҶæ
ҶƽԱ߿˵ǽ˵ɣ
˾һ߽ҶӣӺܳªʫӨ̾磬Ӻö˰ɣҸʸǸ·ɣ
Ҷæֵãһסͦõģס·סߣϰҲȥˣǹͬʮĵطסķӣ
ʫӨʱжһ˰
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һҪүүȥǱȥҶƽүүˣȥ˲㣬鷳ǡ
ҶԱæֵﶼȥˣһˣڼͦãҪȥȥһȥƽ㲻ûȥ𣬴ȥһ˰ɣ
ʫӨЦǿһȥȥһ羰ҲǺõģҲûʲôлģǮɣԵӹףֻǳȥһһҵĸм֮飡
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ڹٳϵ£Ҷ岻̨̫εĻһҶƽҶƽҪǵ壬ȥתһȦҲǿԵģȥһҲǺõġ
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һҶƽһ˵Ҷ϶˶ʫӨЦ磬Ҫƴˣ˵䶼ˣҲҲȥǱתһת϶ûµģ
ʫӨ˿УҶжҡ˰ڴӦǱǲǻǺҰ߻ɣ
ҶһȫЦԭ뷨̿ˡ
ҶҲЦЦоԼ˵ˣҲûʲôЦȥɡ
ʱҶһЩ֪бˣҲæ˹ΧۣҶȻ߽һܣ֪ҶĶӣʫӨȻҲǺ顣
һ֪ҶҪȥҲҪȥʫӨȻܾȻҶҶƽ˲Ըȥ
Ҷһᣬ̨αʫӨȥϢʫӨԼͽҶȥǱߣ׼
һȥҶǳ˷ܣҶҲӦˣȥذɣǲһСҲûʲôɿģһץˣﶼԼļҺá


152 
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ʾףӴ˳˶Ҷƽһȥһ˱ȻʫӨ˶Žε˼ǶҶƽ쵼òǵӣֻҶҶƽȥ·Ѽطã˾Ͳˡ
ףӴ˳ˣǶȥأ̣ԶصķչǷǳõģĻᣬܴȻ̲ɣȥһҲǷǳõģһ¼ʶһ쵼صĹһô
̨νˮ¥̨ȵ£ҲףӴ˳һȥˣټίİ칫ΣһӾȥ˲ٵˡ
Ҷƽ߾ȥүүϵϵȥģϵƴҪķҪȥҶֻͬ⣬Ǻ飬չһ¡
Ԫ֪ҶƽҪȥҲǼʵغܣȻҲȥûʲôϵ˼ʫӨҶƽүүȥģҶƽҲֻǸȥлǰȥǾֲˣֻܿҶƽ쵼һȥ˱
ίδ»רŸһ绰ĳҶҶ˽ӵȥҶƽȻҲҪźá
»İţԪҵȥɣһҪãܵ£ʵҶƽҲܰŵˣǴ»ҶƽǵˣŲãԲֱӴ绰Ԫ¡
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˳ίҲˣҶƽЦ˵СҶȥοش󰡣
ҶƽЦسʲôҪҪҰ
˳ЦүүʫӨľˣүүһȥһҪ뷨طͶʣһǷչĴ£ǧܰȥһˣȻͻˣܰǴĹ
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˳˵ˣֻܵͷӦʱˣֻҪܸʫӨṩһõŻӦͶʵġ
ףӴҲд⣬ûо彻Ҷƽֻż£Ҷƽүүȥһ˱ȻιһʫӨĹ˾һ¶صߣԸⲻԸͶʡ
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ҶƽԶԶشۣǮ˼ҵŮӾڲͬ½ŮҲǷǳĲͬԶһЩƽѩҲǴ˼ҵӵˣʱҳŮȣϻǲһһ˵ĸо
ʫӨӵŮӵһ£һְ֣ȻȻĸˡ
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ŮԵ÷ǳò֣˿ȥ崺磬ףӴ˳ٳϵϽҲ֡
ʫӨЦŶŮӵŮ̸¡ؽһ̵ľˣӦһүүҶүү
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ҶЩţǺǵЦţŮǰһ֣һȥˣȻŮߵҶƽǰеɣûнһ磬ǿصãҽɺ
ųഺϢ˵ףҶƽæֵãҽҶƽܸʶ㣡
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Ҷƽ΢΢һЦɿ橵֣ʫӨ˽ܵŮɺոմѧҵҹ˾Ժͽˡ
һ˵վԲˣж˾ӦʫӨô˵ȻǶĲΣӵüͷҲһ¡
һҶƽй۲У۵ʲôطԹɫǲȱٵģ֪֮ǲʲôìܡ
Ŵ»ҲʱǰȺѾź˶飬ӭʫӨרŶݣӭȥ
ųףӴ˳Ҳ̾۵˶ϲųģٳйٳϵų̳ϻ̳ϵų˶ٵĶⷽʲô˶װ
һţһ׼õСγڣҶҪרӭʫӨݱҶҶˣҶƽֲȥǺףӴ˳һȽϺãԸ˾Լǡ


153 Ա
û뵽ܵ˸ߵףӴ˳ڳҲǸ̾ѣ֪˼ܸôߵΪίسΪҶƽүүĴڣˣʹΪίгҲõ
ţҶƽವһ˵ĳ˳һЦСҶôүүһ
ҶƽһЦһϲ쵼һлΪ쵼񣡡
⻰˵˳ЦоҶƽǳĹɣҲǳĴʹߣҲǹٳϵڡȻʫӨԸүүܸߵ̹ȻĽܣףӴ˳˸еǡ
Ҷƽ룬ףӴȴû̫࣬оһҪʫӨİţ˱ЦСҶû£ҪĿ̣һҪ취ʫӨͶʡ
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ףӴЦô㣬ǶΪĿŬҿ㻹ȥүүһʫӨ׽ʱ˵
ףӴȻ뵽⣬ҶƽҲǸеЦ벻Դ»ӣµǣڿûбҪˣףӴؿĶֻ࣬ǵ˳ƽϴ¡
һ룬ҶƽЦףǣسҸоǸʫӨô˵ģҪǸɺӴһ£ǿвУ
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ףӴҲСҶҪ˷˵Ļߵ˼ҵŮɣ
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Цһ£Ҷƽĵ˵ףǣسλ쵼׼ˣҾȥʵ˰ûϳأھ͹ȥ
תͷһۻվڳɺҶƽףӴ˳ЦŴһкɺǱȥ
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ӿʼнҶƽеȻᣬʮֹϣŮ˵УûˣȻǳû˼ְ¹ϵ磬ȡ
аһ£ҶƽԼߣһˮζɺһתͷڿԼݸһЦҶӭ
ҶƽæסĿЦлСǵдСᣬȴȫǸе崺磬ķǳм
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ҶĿ׵ˣүүûүүҲûˣɺ΢Ц˵ԳһȻϡ
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ҶƽЦҲСȣֻһС糤ѣΪϰշһЩ飡
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Ҷƽصҵ糤ʱ䲻ﾭñȽϰԣΪչõ
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͵͵ؿɺһۣҶƽ룬˵С㣬ڱ߶Ͷ𣿡
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΢ЦſҶƽһۣɺͻȻһЦЦ绨ҶƽΪԼ˵ˣڰе⣬ȴ˵Ҷ㲻һɫԱǶͶԼжϣĿǰ˵һ˵Ǹǰ


154 
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Ҷƽ㬵һЦ˵С㣬㲻ֻ̣ҪӹҷչĽǶ飬ĻͿԿǰˣ
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ֱʵ˵Ҷƽֻ̾ˣȻˣ˵ʲôҲûˣֻÿ˼ʫӨû˼һж˼쵼ˡ
ڳҶƽʱȥⷽ飬Ǹɺͬһʱãɺǵ˸е׷ĻŻǩˡ
ҶƽΣڳȴʱʱɨһۣɺﰵЦмˣҪôʮ̰ؿҪôʮֵԱҽӽҶƽȴģеȤ
С㣬ʱǿι۰ҶƽȻ֪ɺʲôһᣬе޻˵ЩΣûһ˵
ɺһЦЦҪȥģǹ˾飬ûȥǱʲôɿι۵ģ
һʣҶƽһʱЩڶʮʲôιĵط
һ룬ҶƽɽˮСˣ
ˣǺǣҶ̫ˣһԣɺ̲סЦ
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ҶƽźǺǵЦţնʱǢû˸ղ˫֮໥ָоȫһˡ
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һ·죬ûñʮ·һƵ꣬Ҷƽһ֪һǼƵ꣬ȻǼƵĸƻûУǵǵҲ֪ʲôǼˡ
˾ƵſڣʫӨҶһӳɺ㼱߹ȥҶƽҲæӳ͸ȥߵүүԱ߷
һʱ֮䣬һƵȥףӴ˳³Ҳ֪Ҷƽɺ̸ĽôûϷĻǳʫӨ̸һ̸
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˳һѵүүӶ
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˳̾һʲôӣ˼ôĹ˾гͱ˵سˣҿ뷨үү˵仰һã
Ҷƽһ룬æ˵س㲻˽үүүү˴ñ˸رʫӨ϶˵ڣҲˣû˵
˳ӣ˵Ϊ㣬ֻҪͶʣίǸһ
һ⻰Ҷƽ͸о˳ʩѹˣûүү˵Ըıүү˵ԭ
ҶƽЩ֧ӣףӴǱȽ˵˳²ҪСҶ̵²֮ܲʫӨӦǽĿ̣ǻջ񡣡
˳æЦֻǳ⣬ûСҶ˰뷨һˣи̻ȥܾ˵лˣ
⻰˵ʵڣûʲôջ˲޹⣬һΪǽȥΣɶҲû죬ǩЭʲôģǺýһЩ
ףӴûô룬˵˼ʶҲǿ˲࣬ȫûջ񣬵Ȼܾ̣ǸõģŬһ°ɣ


155 
ڶ죬ףӴ˳ιʱӨ˾ɺȻǣֻȥɺʱҶƽַǸڱеؿƺʲô룬֮ĹϵΪʲô̬ȣʫӨΪʲôͷ¶棬Ǹӣ
һʱö֪ɺƺûЩٴμʱ˾ԵúˣˣһЩͬĻ⡣
С㣬㿴ǲι۰ˣоǹ˾ǳĺãѵûȤ﷢չ𣿡Ҷƽ˵ЦٴɺͶʵҪ
ɺ΢ЦҶǴӳɣпԵĻǻῼǵġ
ЩɶҶƽæ˵ǻӭ㵽Ǳ߿һ°
ɺݸһЦԿǣ½һȥΣǱһûȥпܵĻһȥġ
Ҷƽ˵ҪĻֱӴ绰ңһʾϼ쵼רд㣬һ⡣
ɺǺЦĿǰûֿǣֻΪίܾҶƽҪɡ
ȻееӦҶƽɺлһȥģֻҪȥͻͶʡ
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ʮָмҶ嵱ΪʫӨҲҲʵı﷽ʽȥȻǮǳӹףҲûʲôõıķʽˣԵ󣬱Ҷ׼һԪϣȻһҲֻ̫࣬Ǳһ⣬ϣ¡
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֮ҶƽʹӦʫӨҪȻûʵʫӨֱͶʵ뷨˼ҳҲǺܺõˣûпֶء
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156 ֣
ڱߴ죬ʱ乻ˣһףӴ˳ҶƽڵתһתһιΣȻòһΣܲܲһĺ÷羰ɡ
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ΰǳ⣬β˳糤һũҵõ֣ǵӵ¾ҪˣһҪԪķԸⷽ¸ãҶƽвþ
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Ԫ֪ʫӨҪͶ׳Ͼʮ־ȵı飬һʾ޿Ͷˣӿ¾Ͳĳˣ˽˵ĳӣϲߣ


157 ʤ
Ԫϴ⣬ͼĨȥҶƽȥȡõĳɼֻҪǮ޷Ͷ׳ûκô
ҶƽίʱΰȱʾԣҪ䵱ԪǰĽɫΪ糤ȫԪ֧֣Ԫܲһ
֣Ƚϵ䣬ҶƽͶʵһ˵ΰڵ˵׳ҵڹʲͶͶôǮռ˴ͷҵʵʲôӣҵ˭˵㣿ԸͶʾǵͶʣҪͶ˵壡
ΰıֳҶƽԤϣΪͶ¾һ£쵼뷽跨ͶʣһССĲ˼ʫӨԸͶʣǿүүϣô˷ԣΰôÿζݽߵĽɫ
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162 ٱ
žҪȨҶƽڶԪıԽԽʧΪ˻ǿԵģԴ׳˸ע⣬ͶʣеԼǰԽԽˣίǣЩȨԼҲǲǸԭܷŴѹԼѳһЩȨ̵ġ
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163 Ҫߵ
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ҶƽϵĻ־ʼδŻ¸ղȷʵ̫ˣҲû뵽ҶƽǿӲֱӴŻµδ


164 Ե
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־֮ҶƽʲôҲû˵ǳջȻףӴ֧ҲǸеˣƽ޹ʵܵмίĵ飬˭϶ͬ⣬ԼظɹȻίҪⲻе
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ҶƽȥԪ֣ɫű仯һᣬҲԼİ칫ȥ
ʱΰԶ˹һתͷԪϱ¶ЦΰľٱãмίһʹòҶƽ糤Ҳ֪һ


165 ȥƽԶ
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һŻҪȥ˫Ҷƽ־ǴһţҶƽûʲôͶʵҲ˵ȴȻʾ˳̸գҿ˫֤Ҫ˫Ҷƽôô
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뵽ףӴһ绰Ҷƽˣ׼ֱȥƽԶ
ҶƽʱѾ쵽Уӵ绰Ժּӿ˿ٶȣûþֱӵίԺףӴϡ
ҶƽԺףӴֱӶ˵СҶһȥƽǡ
һҪȥƽԶҶƽﲻеЩţѵΪ£ҪȥƽԶǸŻµжı£
Ȼ룬ûʲôеµģûʲôܵ⣬ҲƽԶΪĪеϴ
ףӴҲûк˵ʲô˫ûԺ󣬱ֱӴƽԶİ칫ȥֻƽԶиµƽԶҶƽһӡǺܲġ


166 ƽԶ̬
Ż¿˫֤׼ǰȥ˫Ҷƽǰ˸绰־£һȥȥ
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Żµĵ绰־¼æָףӴ绰ףӴʱƽԶİ칫ûнĵ绰
ҶƽʱҲվƽԶİ칫ƽԶףӴ˵һμƽԶ˵ʲôоһеǳ׽ΪƽѩĸףƽѩԼȻûȷʲôϵǱȽϤˣ˫ûͨʲôϢ绰ʲôĶûд򣬵ǷϪӺһ绰ǻ˸Ųٵů
Ҳ˵ʲôоϪһŮӣԼҲ൱Ĳһ뵽ٵӣ˲ٵĸǳУȻũңûϣΪ˸˷ɻڴȥӭϱˣΥĵȥ÷Ϫֺ÷١
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ףӴƽԶ㱨ҶƽڲĹԼͶʵ飬ƽԶ֮ͷɫܺͰؿҶƽСҶĹòдͳ徢ͬʱҲкʵʣøԶǳѵãӴ㵱СҶΪ糤۹ǳأҲδػصĹҪչҪһЩСҶܸ»µĸɲ
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һҶƽ鷳һҪ㱨ƽԶֳһִȵı飬ʵӴʲô鷳㶼ˣҪһ㱨
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ΪԪ飬мίҪ˫ҶƽƽԶȻϢһȻмίҪʲôΪʲôҪֱȥ˫һ糤
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̸վͰ˵һ飬ƽԶ֮ľһжŻڲ


167 ҶŮ
ƽԶȻŻ±ȽߣǶԳ̸˲Σͬȡ˫ʩüͼȨҲ
ڳ̸˵껰֮ƽԶض˵֪֪ŻΪʲôҪȥҶƽ˫Ҷƽ˫Ҷƽûʲô֤ݺΥ͵ʵҶƽǶص糤ΪʲôɶؼίҪ£ûй˽
ƽԶһ׳ô⣬ó̸һӴʧ룬û̫£شЩ⣬һӻش
ͷð˺̸սһ˵Ż˽ƽ㱨ɱңһд
Ͼ̸ҲмίǣƽԶٻҪһӣŵӣ㻺˻˵ϳ̣ͼ칤ã˼𾴼ͼɲΪ˫ȨΪִɽݲȨʱһͻʧȥôˣ˫ɲҪϸ׼ΪίҪѺһأȲʧ֮ڿҲܳΪר˵ĹߣҶƽӣԴһ£һҶƽʲô⣬ǸŻ¹Ϊ֮ǹΪ֮˲ܴôҪĸλϣ֮һ㱨
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Ӧһ̸վƽԶǣףӴҶƽİ칫ңǺƽԶȻȥ˸ԩһøɲģҶƽſģֻҪ̹ҪĸţԼĹǡ
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һ˵Ҷƽ֪Щɱɱ£׬Ǯ׹ƻǮҲףһʱ㲻ãпȫȥ
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ҲҶĿζذɣҶƽûȥŮˣҶ͸˵ؿųճ͸ںһȥԷ
¿һǼƵ꣬׼ȻƵ࣬ҶƽȻ糤ҲǺַԷȻҲûʲôеϡģǵķˣƵķٺҲȲǡ
˳ҶǰŮ˵ҵӣҶƽҲЩҡͷҶſӣʲô
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ȥԵģŮ͸ңһҶ⻰һ䣬ڳԣһĭµҶϣеһӣתﳤȥ
Ҷ˲Ȼ΢ЦĿȥҶƽһĻ˶Ӹеʮֵ֮⣬ҲҶıָеɳܣΪʲô㹧ҶƢӦܲǣôܰʽĴҴ
ǳɻ󣬵֮ͥҲҶ֮ϲ¶׺ݵı飬漴ʧҶƽЦߣǽȥԷ
ŮûΪղ˵ĶԻв˵ı飬Ů˴Ųʲôϵ⣬ֻҪܻȥΪҶ˵ŮˣгģҲ֪ˡ
΢һ룬ҶƽҶĺ߽˷İ


168 ҪǸ
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ҶƽһʵҶղŵǸǸʲôģţƺģô
Ҷһ⻰̾һƽڹٳдС֣֮ڵϻҲдС֣֮СӺ̨ӲҲܲ
ʲǫ̂Ҳڵϻ𣿡Ҷƽʵ
Ҷڵϻģһǿ˭˶࣬ǿ˭к̨˶ûк̨Ҫк̨˲࣬ҲܳԵÿղŵСӣȻûֵܣ˾ίǣϵû˸ҲӾͲûˣ
һίǵȻǻģҶƽеܾȣ˵˾ʲôίǣ
Ҷһ鲻󶮣ֻ֪Ǹٺܴˣ˵ǵίǣСӺ͹ֵľֳǳֵܵģû˲Ҹӡ
иոճؽУǻϰ߳ƺУҶƽһ˵ǵίǣʵǽи˻ԣ
ҶҼǵòոߣСӵոߣи߳ɣƽʶ쵼
ҶƽЦЦֻʣίǵίǽи˻ԣ֪ģǲʶ
Ҷһ㶵ѵǼٵĲɣ
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ҶҶƽ˵е˼ҵĹٱȽϴ󣬲Ȼô˿ҶƽЦƽԺúõ٣ʱҵĺ̨ʱʰСӾ͸ƵģŪιʺԣ
˵Ҷֳ׺ݵģղҶƽǰˣҲǷǳĲ
һ˵⻰Ҷƽ΢ЦһµҶҿɲʲǫ̂Ҳĺ̨Ϊֵܿԣǣʲǫ̂Ǿͱζˣ
ҶǺǵЦæ˵ƽ˵ǣǺֵܣ̨ӹ˵˵ǲǣ
ʲôӹףҶƽЦҲٶ˵ʲôʱ򷹲ѾҶкųԲ˺Ⱦơ
Ҷ˵ƣҶƽ׼ͻȥҶȴǷҪȥһᣬҸƯСˣһ£һҪҶƽ֣˵ʲôҲͬһȥ
ҶƽȥҶûа취ֻøʱ䳣Էˣӡ
ҶƽӦһϳȥˣҶȫĲͬʵĽǿԵģǽ˾Ͳˡ
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170 ˬ
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171 ˶·
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ʲôˣ뷨֮󣬼ߵҶƽ͸߿˵ǰ·ϣͨˣһЦſ߿һƣôûоµĸ߿˾䣺å


172 ⶫĴ
оЩЩҶƽǣȴԼˣ⼸һ֪ϵåƦӣϳ죬ڷıԵϳʱСȴˡ
ԷˣԱȽ϶࣬Ҷƽվ˸߿ǰָЩ˵ʲô
ҶƽǼʵı۰Լǰ棬߿һж˵ƽǱɣ
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һЩҶƽǣ־ץס߿֣߿ûϵץסԼ֣һȣ˳ӵץסȻһǰߡ
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˹ЦΪװģǰСӿȥģȻôǿ׳Ҳڲ˼һץ
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ֳһ߿ظɳװǵ˸˹һҪǮ
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ҶƽԸһԷعֳҲûǿǳɳɳְ֮þ߿ͻؼңҶƽ͵Ǳߣÿ硣
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õִ𸴣⣬سǵΰôңֳѴ̣û׷ξͲˡ
߿糿һʹ绰ҶƽʺҶƽûܵţ߿Ц˵ûУо̼ͦģǼ̫ˡ
ҶƽǺЦ͹Ҷ˵绰
Ҷƽոչ绰һᣬⶫͻȻ˵绰ػȻⶫУ߿ȴܸܵĿġ
˵Ҷƽ߿һⶫ˵󷢣æ绰һʸ߿
߿ӵĵ绰֮󣬸֪Լû£ллĹˣг䵭ⶫӲˣôҶƽȻһңͬ£ֱǶ裡
Ȼŭⶫȴֱ˵߿ϣǶ˵ԷѹѹҰֶֺһϯ


173 꾫
䲻⻰߿һⶫȻ˫Ӷ˳˼ԼˣӦȥؼҺְֿ϶
תһ˵ҵһҪȥί֯ѧϰϳԲ˷ˣ
֪ͨǽ쵽ίѧϰģΪϵ¶һᣬȥɳ֣ⶫҲûá
ⶫȻеܾɥصôɽҪȥѧϰ
߿⻹м٣ʱ䶼ˣϾҪȥȹ˰
ⶫ˵Լȥ߿ͷȴѾ˵绰һʱеܲˣͬʱҲҶƽ˼ĺ⣬СӲ糤ְڿƺҪŮˣ̣벻̣
һ룬һʱûбҶƽĺð취Ȼ˴ΣίǣҪȥҶƽ糤ְûίǵͬǲеģȡı뷨һʱûãֻðеȴᣬ跨ˡ
Ҷƽصڶһ֣֣ʱɫʮֵĺԭͬе֣ΪԴƸʼѵӣҲûģȻĹҲûʲôģԭеĶˡ
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Ҷƽһ뵽糿Ԫżģû˵ٻԪΪһܾôżظϣҲЩǲǻԭ
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ҽصҪûжȹΣڣǾԲˣ
Ů˵ͷԪſȥʲ飬߹ȥ꾫ҪģϸҹɵģϹҪи̣û꣡
Ůɫ˵ؿ˿Ԫţû˵ʲôôڣҲ˵ʲôˣߵһߣӣҶƽеܲԪ˵Ǹӣ꾫δǵԪ


174 Ԫ
вɲ½֪ԪԺ󣬶Ϲ󣬿ҶƽҲڣϾ΢еЩΣ˭Ԫ˵˭ԪߵýԪû»ãίǣһӹȥˣЧˣôҶƽпܽǣǰҶƽˣ
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ڿüˣȴûиüĻᣬ˵ǿӵĹϵнĵλҪһЩ
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һԪ˳»ڸеͬʱҲе֣ôûʱ֪ͨί칫ң
ҶƽĻ㱨֮绰عôҪΪʲôûмʱί㱨ʹָ֪ǽǷشĽͨ¹һҪί档
һ٣»վҶ糤һȥһҽԺһԪɣ
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ҶƽһҽԺ֪»ҽԺҽԺԺæӭӣ»ίίԺǲܵˡ
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175 յ뷨
ҽԺԺĻ»üͷʮأԪ²ְˣҪףӴ棬ףӴš
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ҶҽԺҶƽܵܵĿɽҽԺûٸ۸ҲûٺҸܶˣǸڴѧ̸ͬѧڻڱ˸ܵĶһûдӦ
سסһҹҶƽֵҽԺһԪԪŲڣǸŮ˻ڣԪһʱǳж
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뵽ȥҲԪˣҲͿˣҶƽת߳ȥһݰӺһݶ͵ǰ
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üʵԪҪˣ
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Թٳϵ黹һ㣬㲻ʵԪ£ô棿
ЦԪ£Ҷ糤п밡ԪٳٺòˣҶ糤ǲҪλǲ󣿶һ棬Ҳ棬˵ܲ𣿡
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гصпܣҶ糤λһҪץסҶ糤һ£һֱҽվûʲô˼ˣ
ܵʲôְ񣿡Ϲĵʵ
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ӣͻȻ˵ɲҪȥҶ糤ˣҪͣԼȥ
չһЦ˭˵Ҫˣŵӣϴûеףеˣ˵ҵţôðͰ
ȥģһ뵽ϴ飬ɫ糺죬תȥˡ
տһЦģĵߵͻȻһѱסеţϴɣǺüûһˣ


176 ȫٴν
Ԫ˹֮ڳҽҲȣΪпܳΪһֲˣû뵽ԲˮܿʧҿҲܿ졣
ŮڿĲǰ̽ӣһզզӣȻģŮ˴Уһҽȥ
Ԫ岢ûкãҽֻٴαлͣ˶˳ȥ
Ԫµ»ѾףӴףӴ֪ʱû˵ʲôԪдδ׶Σ˵Ϊ岻ְȥίְͬʱҲͬ£ԪˣҲҪһӡ
ԪûãȺףףӴô»֪ͨҶƽҪʱĹ
İǱȻģҶƽʱĹ絳ίĹΪ絳ίǻԪģûбְûбְ£Ҳû絳ί֮˵ֻʱȫĹȻ糤絳ίȱְ£ʽ絳ί
ʹί֪ͨʱȫĹҶƽҲк糤ΣصĹӵ»֪ͨԺ󣬱̬һȫĹԪĳ¶Ḻ́
ίָʾҶƽ绰Ժٿһί飬ȷί쵼˼ôԪְ׶ΣҪǰһУܳ
ίԱί쵼ָʾǸ˼ƻôʣ˵Ҷƽ᲻ǣԪǸδ֪ί֪ͨҶƽĹƽҪ󣬿ίΪίǵ˼Ԫίһְûбȥ
ԣȻί쵼´ָʾҶƽҲ˴ǻɢԺ󣬴һǸ˼ȥæڿһԪ᲻ᱻְԼ˭ίǵˡ
ίԱûæڹ˼ҶƽȴǲڻῪԺð֪ͨвĸɲ㱨˽һ½ĹĿչȻ֮ǰҲ˽˲٣ʽ˽һ£Աڴٽڳֹϵͣ͡
ⶼճĹԭԪȻ룬Ҫľù׳ͶʣڻڽУⷽץ顣
幤϶ǲͬģȫĹʱ𣬿ǵͶˣ׳ûоȥˣѳйһصĹ
ںŬԽԽϲ׬ǮҵˣȻΪʲߣǿ׬ǮҲǺܸ˵ģڵ죬ææǿ
ҶƽĹûܣ㴫ԪܿҪϢһϢôֱ񾭣ڴ֮ǰҾԪ˺أûиһؿ˴ڴϢȴҪϢһشϢܶľƲҪӰ졣
Ԫһϵ˱㰵иڴտûίǣίûȥְֻҪһãԵίǵġ
ҶƽȽ׽ˣǱȽʧյ֪û˵˵ı飬ڼͷ̾ģ˶ñŤ
Ƿ±ȽϸߣרŴһһԸн·ǰϴ裬һҩƣ׼˭֪һǳüӣһ⼸ôӣǲǿҲ˳ˣǲõˣ
ʽշظţͬӿĴ󺣣ƽʱտ϶ᱻǷزסǰȥ͵ˣǴʱȻ޶ԣŭҲûʲô顣
и߹ȥָ㵽ôˣǲΪĸŮ˶˻ꣿ
߹ղ̧ͷ˿ܼǣ˵ʲô˼⣬ҪҺòã
üͷһ壬ʵʲô˼ģǰô
տһۣҲü㶮ʲôԪҪˣҶ糤ϲλˡ
һ˵£ֹͣס֣ô£˰죬Ҷ糤ϲλ
յԪһᵣίǣҶ糤лλ
ü˵Ҷ糤ϲλûˣǲΪüģ
շΪһΪʲôü㻹ңڣĸȥұŮˣ
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ϴˮζոо˷ӦһЦصţǲҲϲģ
һ˵⻰ǰҶƽǽ׳ӰһȣָյĶͷŭȥģΪһϲģûһǺö
չһЦߣ߱ЦţŮһϲģͱ˵ˣ
߲ѣձϣ𴲵ȥ
ȫ֪ԪϢԺҲʮֵľɥлλģûϵԪ῵ô죬Ԫְܻԭĸ֣ûλĻˡ
ҪԪزҪһЩû˵ԪڰһСڴҼ֪ˣôǣ
Ȼ뷨һ㣬ؼίһ飬ίǸȥˡ
뷨ȫѸٶŻȻڰ참ˣǻڵҵΣԪΪΥΪҪдٱţý鴦Ԫ顣
ŻµʱŻȴе㲻Ը⣬ΪԪ㵹ˣʵϱҶƽҶƽȴǵ¬ˣôܿ͹۵ذ
ŻȫûʧʱʵҲڰԼܰԪ㵹ǿճһλӣ֣űһλôõĻʧȥˣǺܿϧ
ŻȻԸִ£ǾԼŵ߶ֻôӦȫҪָһ¡
Ԫ𽥵ĿһһЩ֪ԼõԴӳʱԼߣԼԪźöˣоʮֵĸж˾ģֻҪһԺĸϻ飬һ
ŮʱҲǺܼǿԪԪߣֵ̬ȣԪҲеûκˣۿԹŮпߵһõİʽҪίظԪԪѡ
ȻӹŹһ⣬ŪزԪҲȥίҶ֪ˣҲûãԸɣ


177 ְ
ԪŲûȥίϾԪڻҽԺβʱȥί쵼ҲֻᷳвԪһ²ûиʵʩ
ҶƽȥԪΣָ֪ĺܿ죬ʾףأҶƽĿԪһЩжû뵽Ҷƽ˹壬ŮٴμҶƽ֮󣬱ҶƽʱȻԵ
֪ԪǸӸжˣҶƽȫûΪ֮ìܶ˳Ů˵Ҳǳ⣬û侮ʯץס´¡
Ҷƽ֣ԪЩרίҶƽĹʲôҪϵ飬ֱǡ
ҶƽȻ˵Լֱ£ֻǰοϵµԺ˵
Ԫȴ̾һҶ糤ǻزȥˣ㵽زҲûٻȥˡ
û뵽˵ҶƽæȰǣǧ뷨ֻҪ念ˣȥְû˻˵лģҲٻȥִ֣
ԪҡҡͷԼԺ˾ˣҪ飬ȻǸŮһ𣬶ˣſ϶ưոݵģôĵίǿ϶ǲٸˣ˵ȫĻ
Ҷ糤ᣬܸɣԭЩ鰡Ҳãû˼ȥ죬ȥ˹Źһ⣬붼ҵĲǰһж뿪ˣĹǰ˼ȽϺãھ÷չһ֣ЩˣʱˣฺһЩΰɣȻ黹ίҼʹˣеҲˣزȥˣԪЩ˵صгϡ
˵ҶƽҲٶ˵ʲôˣԪٻϰ࣬ίһְ϶Ҫе֪ίʲôľίǣһµίǣⶼǲ˵飬ԪȻһЩϣǱܴһˣںܶȡȫרУȫû¡
ְοԪһúҪ£Ҫ˵껰Ҷƽ뿪ҽԺ
صҶƽûнԪһЩĶҪ׳Ĺǰһάţȴίһİš
ΰ֪Ԫ念úܿ죬æܵҽԺҪԪڿ֮ϻصίûȥίְҽԺʱ̫ί¾ͻΪ岻ˣӶ뷨ְĻͱˡ
ΰĻԪһʱĬû̬ӣΰΪڿⷽ飬Ȱ˵һȥ
£ԪȫˣȻоеʹǿԳԺˣȥϰĻҪϢһӣȥְĻҲӲ
ۿԪҪصϰ࣬ȫЩˣ绰Ż£һô
ŻڻûвȡΪԪڲϣھȥ£ǿ϶ǲ˵ģֻеȵԪ֮ȥ¡
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ŻµĻȫϲеˣԪСŪþ˽ֻ֪ҪŻ־⣬Ԫˡ
ֹ˼죬Ż³ŵؼ鹤֮ʣרŰ־ҹͨһ˾ٱԪС飬ɽӵصľٱ
һŻ˵£־±˵Σǲյ˾ٱԪѾҵǣҪȥǻûȵȥԪѾְί֣̬ȽϺãļͥҲǾٸдְ֣ίؼίû
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Ż±װĵʵļͥʲô
־µһֱͥͣһֱû飬õŮѾ˻飬Ҫһ𣬶ԪҲҪ飬֯Ҳûа취ˣǵҪǴԵûһζˣȻҲ֪ԼûٵβίǣֱǳˣְѾݵ֯ίûно
֪Ż¸̾һҼбľ쵼ɲҲ˰Ϊͼ첿ţеʱȷʵҪǵһӰ˴ǣҾǶԵģȻǵӰ죬ίһְǲܵˣڼɣ
־µίǼί͹ܲˣڻ֣һϾֳʱеĻøһ֡
Ż²ǺЦ鹻ӵģǴʱҪһЩˣͬҲΥ˵ͣȥ˲Ӱ쵽š
־µͷǣȴŻ̸µԭԪô˵ҲмίԽӵٱΪɣ̽ⷽ϶ĿĵģΪڲ繤ȫԪһˣİӿ϶Ҫ̣ܿǼʹԪίˣѵһֵȫΣ
ֻһ룬ϸŻº˵Ժ󣬾͸˵̸飬ȫܲ˼
ԪĴְڳԺ֮㽻ί֯ƼҶƽίְ֯ӵְ󣬿˿ȻˣףӴĵͷС
ԪĴְףӴİ칫ңףӴӹ濴һûиеκεľȣԴԪ˳Ժ˵Ԫ뷨οС飬ԪְҲ˵֪̬֮ȣ˺Ժ󣬻ԸһϺõİţίֱȥְҪѿĶࡣ
ԪְʲôףӴһ
۲쵽ףӴı֣֪ףӴ˼˵ҵͬĴְ󣬱Ͼ˳Ҫڻ飬Ҳٵίˡ
ףӴص˵ͷ˵Ǿٿίоһ£ȻְҲܲٸţ㿴һﻹûпְλӣְҲУһ£ټİ⣬ٿһ£óһĵһΰš
ףӴ˰ţһµףǣⷽûоָʾ


178 ëԼ
Ȼ׼ףӴȻһĵĻףӴ⣬֯ͷûʲôɣֻнףӴǳ·
һۣףӴûбʲô̬ȥһףۺһ´ҵԺ㱨
ףӴͼȽ⣬Ԫһְ糤ȽᣬεʱҲҶƽΪԭ飬ףӴʹҶƽίǣ»˵ķ飬һȽ׵İ취
Ӧ֮뿪ףӴİ칫ңףӴһ£Ҷƽǣ˷ԣ˵ķ飬ڻðʾֱҶƽίǣۺϴҵҶƽίĻôʱίһְҶƽһֱίĹ
ȥ֮һƼһҶƽڲĹƼһƼ쵼ɲΪ糤ĺѡ
ڶµӣ磬֪֯ǰĸɲӣ֪϶İӵйء
ҶƽΪ糤϶ҪӭӣһίԱվ칫¥ǰӭĵ
Լĺɫɣ2000˳Ҷƽ֣΢Ц֣ȻһһίԱ֣Ҷƽš
ȫվҶƽ֮Ԫһڣ൱ڶ֣ʱЦݣ֣һģ
ΰվͬ⸱飬ȫ֮󣬵뵱ȫֻһ糤ֻڲܴ󸻺˳ֲ֧ŵ֣ȫͣѡƼ쵼ɲҲʸġ
Գ˾֣ȫҲ֪һΰ˷˴ƼҪ㲻ΰôε糤ίǵĿԾûˡ
Ϊ֣ûоƼ쵼ְ˼Ҳ֪֮ȫΰˣԼʱû˵ֱ飬һܵӡ
Լ뷨ίԱȻҲžƼ쵼ְ뷨Դƣ˴εĻã֯ǼȻҲǺܹģȡǰһӡ
ҶƽǼ棬ңֳ֣һ֯ȫвϸɲƼǰҶƽڵίԱĹɼͱ֣Ƽһ쵼ɲǰһҶ̫עһǴҹעص㣬Ҳ˵˭ܽί֯ҰӶΪƼ쵼ɲĺѡˣѡ˺пܾǲ糤ίǡ
Ƽ⣬ҪеίԱһ̸̸Ҫǹ͸ίԱı֣Լһӵ
̸ҪΪӵ׼ģҶƽ̸Ժ󣬱Ƚܵ˵ӵôͿΪһίίһְҶƽڱ˷ԵôҪףӴ㱨ףӴᡣ
ͬʱУȺҶƽ̸ίԱȴӻ˳ȥˡ
̸ǱȽʽģԱһ֯˽ż¼ҶƽҲΣ档
Ҷƽһۣ˵ƽͬ־Ԫͬ־ȥίһְרίףǵίǰǰӵϣ̹ϵؽһ£Եڼȫ˽һǿʼ𣿡
ҶƽҲһɫʼɣһʵǵػشġ
˵ͷ˵ί繤ǲģԵβ糤ĹҪسһ£ΧƵڼһۡ
ĻҶƽһ룬һ֣صصԴҵ糤ϸί幤ί絳ίȷ쵼£ӳԱ໥ϣҪ¼Ĺ
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˵ĹҶƽְյڼҪһһԼ⼸Ͳ㣬֮еǫ飬ûԼǰ󴵴ޣñԼ
ҶƽЩܣʵƽͬ־Լ˵һ˵쵼ӳԱɣȻƼһƼ쵼ɲ
ؼĵطίԱβΣȫһ仰ҶƽҲˣҪ˵ϵõĿ϶ФУФֻǵίԱƼΪƼ쵼ɲԷڣԿ϶ǲƼġ
Ҷƽһ룬ѰӳԱһЩһ飬ϣûôϸ˵ֻһ֮˵Ҳû̫壬Ҫ֪׼Ƽ˭ΪƼ쵼ɲ
⼸ǵУΰ˷ǳĻԪʵһЩȫΰģ˭ҲһҪųȫȫûŻ£ҶƽŲᷴԶΣΪ£ȫ̫ڹˣƼ쵼ɲְλ²һ£ȥҲų
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뷨ҶƽʽƼΪƼ쵼ɲѡˣее⣬Ϊ󣬶ҼʱҲû뵱Ƽ쵼ɲӣҶƽƼˣҲ˵ʲô
̸һ£ͻȻ΢ЦſҶƽƽͬ־糤ίһְȱ˭ίһְʣ
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û뵽ҶƽᷴӦô죬Ц˵㶼˵˵
֪⣬ҶƽҪǫ鵽ףõʲõʱҪʲãԪְҲһᣬʧȥᣬ֮ƵĻᣬҲֻ֪ȨΪϰĺ£һҵѷҪίĹͬʱҲίǵְ񣬵ȻίûϿΪίǣҲίǵ쵼ԼĹ


179 ⶫĶ
һ˼ҶƽƼˣһʱƼίȫѡΣȫӣϣǵ쵼֮ԼĹëԼҾƼһԼɣȻҵ糤ʱ䲻δڣΪԼȽŬĹҲܵõͬ־ȺڵϿɣίǣһŬȫ繤¾棬չȫľãȡϰչһԣһ㣬һϴְʬλزͣҵļ
ĵĻǳ侲һŵӣͻȻһֱ򶯵ĸоղֻһ£һҶƽµķӦû뵽ش𣬶ȴίҪٵˣŵΣеΣ˵ΪʲôҪëԼɡ
ҶƽȻᣬºܳȣΪҲȽ̹ʣڣһ˵һж˵ΪԼоԼУǫʱǫ顣
Ҳļ¼Ҷƽ˵֮󣬱ķԸ̬ȣȻ˻˵Ҫ٣ҪĲ̰ͼ֮٣´ҵ֮٣ǽϵһģǵΪ٣ЩΪٵ˾̹ʵǻþĸֶΣﵽԼĿġ
Ҷƽ̸˻ίԱ̸ͨίԱ̸ƼƼ쵼ɲѡһе˵ƾȫеƾΰеƾΰеƾ֣Ҹи뷨ƼƱС
̸˭ίһְʱڸĿģеΪҶƽԽΣеΪҶƽܽΣΰΰ˱˼Ե̬ȣίԱֵ֧ľӶ࣬ΪҶƽίǿԵġ
ίԱ̬ȷӦڲŽǵ̬пԿΰΰҶƽ֮Ųٵìܣ˻ǶҶƽĹϿɵģȫ̬ģûʾ֧֣Ҳûʾԣ·ҶƽίǶӰ쵽糤Ҳ֧ҶƽʧȥܽǵĻᣬҡڲ
ίԱ̸ȻвɲƼƼȫõƱߣ˹ܶвɲƼƼĻӦƼ쵼ɲĺѡˡ
УҶƽȷʵȽͻһЩ˿ڣУ˶ͶƱίԱǱƽƽûгʵĵط
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һ⻰֪ⶫȥһֱӵίǡ
±ȽϸӣӦŻȥһ£ⶫ˵Ÿ溣Ҳʾӵˡ
溣ǻеԼİ칫ңһʲίǵѡۺϵĿǣ׼ףӴ˼ƼҶƽΪίǺѡˣ糤һְϣȻҶƽƼ˶ǶƼأƼȫΪ糤ѡˣóϱί
ڹһʣѷ˳һְţһµб䣬ίһְҪӲڲ˰ɣСҶ糤ʱ䲻ίǳѡһίǰɣ
зʵʲô
˼һµҿЭ칫ⶫȥβίǣСҶô
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ףӴ㱨Ϊֹ쵼ЩӦ֪ǣʱƹֱףӴеܵ˵ԲˣֱӰ溣̧ѹ
һ溣˼һʱû˵ºףӴ㱨Ҳ١


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˹ĸԤûֱӾܾҪ󣬶ǽ»㱨ףӴףӴһֵİӵУһ溣˼оЩˣ˶һίǣһ˴Σ˳ˡ
ȻЩˣףӴûбֳҲ֪ҶƽίЩѶȣǹ溣˹ִͬ£ⶫβίǣΨףϴƼɲʱѾ溣ӣȴǻôߣռίҪĸλЩˡ
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ףӴѲİӵһ¸ʱã˭Ҳţ溣ô죬Ҷƽί൱ίˡ
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칫ںֵ࣬ҶӣмˣΪǵʲôµģ쵼ӳʲôģ㶼
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һԼϵҶƽ֪ԭԼСƨġ
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ҶͼݽҶƽİ칫Һ󣬿Ҷƽʮڰ칫ǰ˶н
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ҶƽǶ˵£˼֪㵽￴ţһ˵л¾͵Ϊֹȥ˵һ˵лһ뷨һĹǵ׳ǾԲˣˣ


182 橵ĵ
Ҷƽ̬ͬҶˣоԼӵ糤󷴶ʲôôòˣⲻǹѿǰû
ӣô˵㿴Ǹղŵĸ˾Ҷ˵
ҶƽȲҪ˵ȥ֮˵˵ǻҵġ
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ȥЩ飬ǰѾͶ뵽ȥֹǰˣûо顣
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һҪҶƽȻǸһͶʣôһܺõ飬Ա㼫ǰ쵼档
橴ӦҪΪ˴绰뵽ͶʵģԴҶƽӱ뿪󣬼˱仯ֻһŮӣʫӨȴǷǳӣ͸׵ĲֱʫӨ̯ˡ
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ԼΪѵӣΪ˲ڼͥ飬ҵ⣬ҵְ뿪½ŷȥԼҵ
ĻʫӨǳжԼĹŮ壬ȴڼˣǼŲҰ
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183 ӹΰ
һд˼ǰһɫŮԣȥҲʸţҶƽһǰӭӵФĽѣԱڼͻݵ÷Ǻ̫ˡ
˲֮橱ȥһˣҶƽүүũ⣬橵üͷøҶƽȻ󣬵ǿðð
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ףӴһ˵˶أҲǸļʱӨŵͶʣһϴڱǩĺЭ飬ûеõУ˲ٵѹǰ̸ɼĿǿһõ¡
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ǰʡʡᣬףӴϣ橵Ͷʣ橱Цҿ϶ҪͶʵģⷽҺҶ̸ˣһϣܵһĳͶʣҵķչкôġ
Ҷƽ̸һЩ飬ףӴһ橵ҪǺģҪͨȥͶʣҲһ£ڰʡˡ
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ƽԶⷽı֤Һеڴ½ͶʣǺ鷳ƽԶ֤ⷽ橸ܵĳ⡣
ƽԶǴֺӣҶƽǲ쵼ķǸñˣףӴ뷽跨£ûãƽԶһ˵ȴʮֵΣˮƽԺҪƽԶ쵼ѧϰΪ
橾͵˵ͷʱö⣬ƽԶṩһзĻβͶһأеĻͼͶʣеĻͨƽԶ֮ĹϵзչҲһ·ӡ
˵껰ƽԶ֪ҶƽģһЦݵضҶƽСҶͬ־С㵽Ͷʣӹΰ


184 ߿Ҫ
ƽԶеĻҶƽǺһЦһףС˼ġ
ҶƽĻһ⣬ƽԶ˶оǰһһ׿橵ͶӼᶨƽԶղŵĻ橸еУеů
СҶ糤𣿡ƽԶһףӴ
ףӴСҶίˣԭǴְˣ
ƽԶúøɣиɾһҪѾõչϡ
Ҷƽ˵ƽǷģһúŬ
ҶƽĻƽԶ΢Цһ£ҲǰЦǹٳϵ£Ҷƽ糤ƽԶ֮üȼ쵼һ仰Ҫʥּġ
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ܿ͵˲ڵһ·Σ·ܲ޷ɧ·Ҳˣ㿴Ҷƽô뷨·
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Ÿ߿ƽĻٲЦҶƽôⰡ֮ǲʲôĬ
һ˵߿ɫһ죬׼ڷϣȴͻȻ·ڴһͻȻ˳ٻ˵ûпǰ棬㼱æٽ㣬Сǰ棡


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ԱѩһۣˣƶǰɣҪǲҪĻӴ˭˭ȥ
Ҷƽһͷ˵ǲǹѪһ°ɣлˣҲûʲô͸㣬Щˣ
ҲûҪǸлľ֮ɣԺǿǷ˰ԱѩԲԵ˵


188 ʹԿ
Աѩ֯õë£Ҷƽһ·صԺȴе㼤زͣԱѩģȴȵģһһӰȵĲᡣ
صԺʱФһϵë£Цʵ˭͵ģҶƽæһ˵Լģ˭ë¡
Ҷƽ칫ңҶƽҲû˵ʲôФȴЦЦ˵ƽ߿粻רŰĿŵ磬˵ǲⰡ
Ҷƽһ̧ͷʲô⣿
ФЦҸоܶе˼㲻ûиܵɣ
û뵽Сӻ˵£ҶƽɫУίĿԭ繤磬ѵ簡һʲô˼
ФкٺЦƽ𲻳ϣҲһˣҶ챧ˣǲҲÿһˡ
һ뵽Ф÷֮£ҶƽЦһ£˼Ҹ˴ӣҲ᲻˻飬˵Լµ˵Լˣо߿ȷʵ⣬Ҳڿ£˫ûͱǲֽԱѩָë£ڸô찡
оͷеңƽѩӰӻصػΣٸ߿Աѩ˵Ĵڣһʱ֪ԼĸˣФֻ̤д󣬵ôФ
ϣһμӹŮ߽˲ˮһҶ糤ФίԱ˵Ĳ豭ˮ
ˮ֮Ů߳Ҷƽİ칫ңФԱһֱǷزһŤһŤ߶һε˫ڿҶƽȻȥϣ𵹺õĲˮغһڣڲͣЩ顣
ƽӳòֵܷܲȥФЦŶҶƽ˵һ䡣
ղŮŮҶƽû̫עФеı֣һ뷨һУ÷ڲٹ˲ˣ㻹ҪˣҿҪĲ֣ǻƿ˵㣬ϲȥίԱ¾Ҫһӣǲû¸ˣڽһ£ҪͶʣ뷨ϺĹдˮ೧Ǳе㸴ӣҶŵ㣬ʲôǵһ㱨
һҶƽ橵ĹФ˷˳þǲһ㣬лӴˣһ¡
УƽһȫϺФվ˵
ӦˬӣҶƽעˮ࣬㹤ص㣬Ҫֻ橴򽻵
Ҷƽ˵˼Фɫ΢һ£ǺһЦ֪ˣʲô㱨
ڶ죬Ҷƽٿȫˮ೧̸飬һǰͶʵ׼ձΪˮ೧ĸǰμӻ顣
ֹܹҵĶФһμ˻飬Ҷƽ󣬱˵ٿС飬ȫˮ೧ڿأСҪСȫתøĿ̣һǵ
һ˵꣬ձڵĳЩɵۣȻһֱ𲻴Уҵӻеģرձ֧ǵνӣ𹫷˽ŪǮǺ£Ǽ˶ӷ˼ҡ
һʱ˵˼Ƕ˵Ҷƽ֪еֱִӶձ˵գ˵˵ʲô
ձ룬˵ѳתøˣְô죿
Ҷƽְ²ǿǣš
ձ˵תóȥ׼Ǯ
Ҷƽɨһ۵޳תãȻһֱ𣬲罻ӪҲʡ˲ٵİ
һ޳תãձﲻһ£Ȼһֱ˵ӿأҪԭǹңңӪûκģҶ˲ٵǮȴ޳תãζʲôҲòˣ
Ҷ糤ǳҲʲģô޳תģһ㷢ˡ
Ҷƽһ۵޳ת˼ҲһҪ˼ͶʣǴֱʵģǳǵʲ˼ǿ˵ǳڿʲôãﶨģǰ˵һ˵׼ȷӵƽȽӣ𣿡
ҶƽһֲɵĿ˵Щ˸㾭Ӫû£һ±˭һ޳תãſڷԣһҪһǳڵʲô
Ҷƽѹǣձ˵ʵǲԸ޳תֻһԭ򣬶һԭǣѳתˣһЩпܱ¶˵ǲõ顣
˵£Ҷƽǣ˴γתɶФ˸ºҪ˰ѹãóְµǼʡ
ȸǴԤ룬Ҷƽ֪ǵ˼ºǻȥԺ󣬰ָʹְϷ£黹治ôð죬ھһ£еô
̸Щ飬Ҷƽˣһ߳Ժձס˵ߣһԷȥ
֪ʲô˼˱ķһԷ¸ô졣
ձº˵Ҫѳˣȴû˵ôǣԼãԼ֧ǣλǹҸɲܸʲô
ձһ˵Ҫ˴ˮ೧Ǵҵ⣬Ӷҵڹģ϶󣬴ˮӻҪһЩҵĳĸɲ൱вɲˣתˣǵĳǵˡ
һձ˵͸ӸеΣˣһ˵գ˵¸ô죿ǹҸɲö˵ʲô㵹ǿ취
ձЦǲָܹңһĸɲʲô취ؼǣǵôĳֻĹϵɣĹϵҲаɣǲȥһ£⵽ô£
˾ҲҶƽ˵ﶼˣǾʲôã
һ˵ձЦҪϲУֻҪְһϷãͷȻעʱ⳧ӻôתãĹϵһ棬Ͱ𣿡
벻ձһ⣬ͷⲻǸղҶƽѾȶְܳ飬ðְϷõ飬εǲС
ձһµѵܹסְְôǵĻѵ黹˵װ׵𣿡
ձĻһ˵꣬һ㶣ǹʹҶƽԿ


189 Ԥ
磬ҶƽȻӴФкͶ˽ͬҪһˮ೧ľ彨⣬ϴ̸ֻһҪһ¡
ӱǱרŵˮ෽רң˸ɽϲ鿴һҳҲһ֪ҳԴȽϷḻˮһǧûκ⡣
֪橾Ͷҽһ͵ˮ೧ǱȽģݱظ㽨裬ҪĽϣͶ˽ˮ೧һǡʱ£Ͷʺܻ㡣
ص橾һЦصҶǾ;Ͷˣǰϴ̸𣿡
ҶƽӦͶʣʮָˣ˵ûб䣬ֻϣܱסԭеְҪǲɢˣǳӽˣҪ˵ģ㿴ô
֮ЦһǰҹأֻҪԸڳ﹤ôǲɢ
û뵽뷨ҶƽеˣֻҪְǲ£ͻ˳ٿ̫࣬뵽һЦʵС㣬׼ͶʶǮ
˼һµǳȷңȫִˮ೧սͶµһЩ豸ǼòȻ޳תøǵģʵǶҪ½Ͷ˽
ҶƽЦʰ˸̯ӣ޳תøҲѹģ֮˫ӮĽ
ЦȻ˫Ӯ˵ֻҪ½ִĽ裬ԭе豸ִ豸Ҫ󡣡
˺ǺһЦǴ˹ʶФһͶޱȵ𺳣һĲһڣͶڣʲôһ˰ǵöٰԺǷˣ֪һĿ϶ŵ繤ˣ
ҶƽҲʹ죬׳СС֣СƳҲǲֵһᣬֻ橵Ͷʿ˵Ǹȫľôһ޴ƶֻҪ÷չˣͺðˣҲóŵ¡
̸껰Ҷƽ橳ԷȻӦЦ绨ӣҶеǳĿģФԺиӸˡ
ȫ¶ɢҵְŮԵϢҶƽ橷ǳľأȻҪ˼ͶʣǾҪȫλΪ˼ҷ񣬱֤һвܸŵǵĹȷĿܾ콨ɡ
橳극֮󣬱ȥˣ¼ԱͶʵ׼ҶƽסԺڣ֤ǵճ
֮ҶƽĹ˰˰ɳйصִŸ˽еᡣ
Ҷƽ֪ЩվվǴǴֱϼŵģеʱܲ汾Ƚ󣬾Ѳ㣬ЩһִȨվ뷽跨ȺŪǮ˰˰˵ˣרǮģֻҪ˭ҵû׬ǮǾ͵ˡҲ˵רŶһЩС̯С˵⣬Ӹ֬͡
ЩǮĲţЩûǮȨĲҲŷŪǮ罻ŷӵ·ϲ鳵շѣշѿȥǺϷģ·迨շѲͬǵĺϷշȴ˽棬ǮǮ⣬ĳһǵùҳë÷ǮԼԺȡЩִҪ˵ԭɳңԱѩ֮࣬Ťתɳ
Ҷƽ֮ڰרҹѣҪͶʣеľûҪչһоûȻ棬˶ۺ죬ǣִŵĿܿͼŷǮˣطåƦǮ׬ŷӴзһЩΪпӰ쵽橵ͶΪΪЩ¶橼ͶʣǳͶʣǽһǳص¼Ϊ˷ֹ飬ǰԤ룬žķ
е˶ҶƽǽԱѩܰվǼʱԵøعȻƽԱѩ쵼ǣ֪ɳȨƺܴԱѩùϵִģǮղˣǸʱֻɳܸһ취ҲûС
ԱѩôԸǴ򽻵µĸɾϲǴ򽻵ңǺı鲢ûʲôر֮Ȼӣ˽¶˵ˣҲû˵ѣ˵䵭أ
ЩԱѩȻ֪֪˽ټǵʱҪŭĿӣ
Фһμ˻飬Ҷƽҵʱ򣬾泳µӣЩ˵һĵúܿģ˵ǵСӹòῼô£ܳģֻûôȨѡ
һҶƽ˽СҶƽ߽󣬾ɨ˻һۣЩ˶һЩϼ޻һдֱλϻģ˽ȴأҪȥαҪ˵ݻ֪
ȵҰ֮Ҷƽɤӣ˵ټᣬͨһ£ôϵ׼ͬʱҪϸյίҪȥ˲к֯޼ɣԺһɾ͵ְ
ǳؾһ£̷໥֮俴һۣ֪ҶƽװʲôƣҽǾ͵ְҪ֪ǵȨҶƽ͵ְ˰
ֱŵĸ˾ǺܲмӣҶƽ˵ݻǰװƣû˭ġ
໥ӣҶƽϵ˵һĿͶʸߴԪĿĴĿҲĴĿͬʱҲĴĿǱҪ֤Ŀ˳ܳκε⣬ǶִŵĸˣڿʼǲҪȥִôΪĿͶһʽʼܻᶯԱȫн裬ҪΪĿ迪һ̵ƣ˰ļִĶΧĿ֣øĿ彨裬Ŀڼ䣬˽²֪ȥִշѣӰ쵽ĿĽУȲ˵ĹְҾҪ͵ְҲίίҪ󣬲ҪΪеĲǴֱλܲ㣬ӦһףһףҲûа취ҪǾǴˣʱ飬˭ʲôֻҪŵĿ裬ְĹְҲסǲҵĻΪֻ˵䣬ݻºøﻹǸҾͿ˭Ϊһְˣ˵ͷϣǾ˵ԣǾֱվ˵˵Լ


190 ƽѩھ
Ҷƽ֪Щ˵ػǲᵱµģԾʹ˵ⷬЩ˵ͷһμλ糤˵ȻղЩмһشĿίίڹעǲ֪Ҷƽ˵ģŻǣǱҪˡ
Ҷƽ˵֮󣬾һ̬һǵ̬ȡڹٳϱ̬ǷǳҪģ۵վӶҪ̬ȻЩվǵĵλߣҲñ̬ҪԣȻҶƽĲЩһ̬ʱ򣬸Ǳֳȫ̬ȣʾϸҪȥ¡
ʱԱѩҶƽϵҪе糤ԽԽˣյʱЩӣڲмҲԽԽ糤λûʬλزͣûΪΪôĿ˵һܴˡ
ֵ̬ʱ͵վ˵ɳҪΪȫľ÷չݻշҷǹܲţеƦåطңƻ÷չǼǽϸҶ糤ҪԼĹ
Աѩ̬Ҷƽǰһû뵽֧ԼĹһ뵽͸Լë£ǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
վ̬ʱȻҲǱӵ̬ȣֻӦһ£ȥǷܣֻԱѩ̬ôĿҲվǸеһɳϸҪˣЩվҶƽҪȥҶƽᴦǣɳҲ֧ǵĹˣǵʱ򲻵ĹϵԽԽɳ֮ĹϵҲˡ
Ǳ̬֮Ҷƽһݲ˵һЩӳִвϹľٱϣǰûҪ̫ϣҾͲˣƵľٱҾԲ֮ϣҶԾӵί֣Ϊȫľ÷չֻҪ÷չˣѴʲôĶ⣬˲ίкҸղų󻰶˵ǰͷˣҪٶ˵ڶ飬ˣɢɣ
ɢԺ󣬴ҿҶƽ߳ҵţȻҲ˳ȥһ໥ŸղŻݣһһ߾ˡ
ФнеΣΪԱѩˣԱѩûиеʲôεģûԺ󣬾ֱ߳˻ҵš
ҶƽǳˣĿͶʵ¶ˣĹҲźˣ͵Ŀ裬Ȼˮ೧Ϳˡ
æһĹڰ칫Ϣһ£ﲻ߿ͺԱѩ˵ӰƽѩǿʼʧԺˣʱƽѩҲì֮УĽԸһЩҶƽʵĻ飬ҶƽĸмĽȫɸмˣȻֻǸмͲİ飬ȻôҶƽһʲôģ򲻾
ƽѩû뵽˵۾ʵ
ĽЦֻұһ˼»Ҫҿ԰һæڲ糤ͶһĿ֧һ£һˣҲͲʲôھεʹʹľˣٲ㿴ϣҿǸҶΰȷʵǲǧܴᰡ
ƽѩ벻˵ҶƽȷʵеھΣȥһƣ￴˿ǻĽһнͣҶƽϵԽԽˣ·֮һ޴ĺ蹵ôҲԽȥˡ
Լϰֵû˵ʲôԼֻ˵ǶϷŵȻһԣǻһģ˵˲ͬһطͻԽԽǳģĻеԥˣټĽλ˹۵߶оǶԲסҶƽˡ
ЩھΣҲûƽϵھΣҲֱҪȥҶƽҶƽĽҶƽͶĿ֧ĹǸое㿿ס
ȥҶƽͶĿƽѩһ
ĽЦǺܼ򵥵ֻҪԸ⣬Ҿȥ
ƽѩ˵ҪͶͶһģȻﻹǹⲻȥ
û⣬ͶһǧĿôĽӦ
оһǧĿҲˣƽѩû˵һ룬ֻǸͶĿȻҲ֧ҶƽĹҶƽȴûеõʲôǮ϶Ҫôֻдһ²С
һ룬ƽѩͻȻ뵽Ҷƽ˵һڶҽԺϰ࣬һϳУβ뷨Ľ㣬һõλȥ
뷨ƽѩֺĽһ£һֻǵĽ;ü򵥣ؼ⣬˰죬ûҪҽԺһЩϾҶƽѧҽġ
ǲڽǣҿͽǱ߰ɣ쵼кðʡҽԺȥǣƽѩ˵
ĽÿԣسǵʡǿԽˣҶƽĽӦܸ˵ġ
Щ飬ҶƽȻ֪飬ڰ칫һᣬ˳ʱ䣬¥ʳԷʳóԷʳʦææҪҶƽòˣ˵ȥԡ
Ҷƽȴûͬ⣬ԭʱλʦû飬ֻǴίԺ󣬿ʼˣʲô⣬Ȼֹˣ൱һˣڳԷҲʲô⣬Ե̫ˡ
ʱ򣬳һܹԷЩˣʳķ꣬ƽʱҪԵĻ¾ûˣҶƽҲЩһȴûˣҶƽͬʦҪǸһԡ
ҶƽķԸʦæµҶƽͺʳһʳòҲݵĴСǰһԺӣʧޣˮ涼ѿˣԵúǰܡ
ʵֻʳãԺڲҲǺϾˣ𷢴ţǾܶ࣬ҶƽһϰʱȴǸеԽԽУԽ˸ܵׯغأһȫȨģЩװ޺İ칫¥˸ֳܲߺصķΧˡ
ҶƽԷʳרŸ˲ˣ˾Ǻܸ˵ӣ糤ڣʳõӾͲӦǣǳԲõˡ
һĲȾͶһһǱ˿ҶƽƽʱϲԵĲˣȻܼ򵥣Ǵ󷹵ĲȣǳȴúܣҲϲԣ֮˿һ¾ͳԿˡ


191 ְϷ
극֮Ҷƽһʱ𣬱Ƕ˵㣬骣ϴ˿ô
еʱҶƽǽгһ㣬Ȼ˽µģڹƽĳϿ϶УһһĻŭŵģæʵ˴򣿡
Ҷƽֻܴ򶷵û˼Ҫһĸ˴ô
ǱȽϲ˿ϷҲϲ򣬱һӦڻҪһˣ
һص죬һϲ඼ؼˣؼҵҲڼԺﲻҶƽҲһЩ˴򣬱뺰ФһģФҪؼ÷Ҳû˵볣ǵҲС
ȥ绰ǿǿڻǵԡ
ӵҶƽĵ绰֮ǿ㼱æ˹һҶƽЦ糤ٻ
ҶƽûаԼԴǺԭԴģر˽˵⣬û糤ļӡ
ǿ˴һҶƽк
ǿЦðϷһ¡
ҶƽǿԼңǳȴԸ⣬ΪĻ̫ǿˣû˼ҪŮϴҶƽһңǿһҡ
ǿһеܸˣһֱ׷骵˼骴ԼңͲõ飬ȴǲˣǰ棬˲ٵĺôҶƽԼңⲻС
˼˵ɣɲУҶ뷼̫ǿҺǿ̫򲻹ƽ
˽еسƺҶƽΪҶˣԭҶ糤ĳƺԭֱƽˡ
ôˣǿ𣿡һӾ˼˵
ôҴƼãǿҿһ㣬ǿǿ֣ǾˣҺҶԼң˴Լҡ骾Ͳĵ˵
һ⻰ǿϲˣҪ˵ĴƼǿԵģ骻ǲԼңһֱ׷ûϷˡ
Ҷƽһֹֽһ£Ǵƶѣ˭˭ӮǸ𣬼ȻԸԼһңǾԼһˣóǿ˴Լҡ
һҶƽͬˣ¶ЦݣȴǲһƣСӣľ
ԼҴҶƽҲûЩ£骵Ľͣвˣʧ󣬽Ҷƽ˲ǿȴǽˡ
骺ǺǵЦЦޱȵĲãüвͣҶƽӰӣҶƽҲܸˣȻ֣ƴĺҲ˰
ƽУҺǿ̫ԼҰɣﲻˣ»ԼҵҪ
ǿǺܵùô˶˵ⲻҲǶ̫ǿΪһĶѣ⻰˵Ͷ˶һ仰Ҳû˵
ʲô˲ãҪּһͺˡ骾Ͳͬ⻻
һʱòᣬ˵˵ȥģҶƽЦҪ˴ԼңҺǿԼôǿֱϣܴʤ
ҲŲأ˼ͬʱ˵ĻҶƽҲˣƺһӳ˳ˡ
ûа취Ҷƽе˿һƣ˵ˣһе£ɢ˰ɣǻȥϢɣ
ҶƽֻòˣҶƽԸˣ骺ͳֻˣǿվҲ£ˡ
ҶƽתԼסĵطȥǿͽں棬ԺķȥŹ˵Ҷ糤˵¡
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Ҷƽ߽ݣǿ߽֮󣬱ҶƽһееΪ˵²ʲôϵ£鷽£ԭһ׷骣ǿһֱûʲô˼ղž˿ˣģҶƽҶȽܸҶ˵ҲǲҶƽܳɹˣҲһˡ
˵ľ£ǿµذҪ˳ҶƽһǺЦ⽫ҶȽܸǿһֱû˼ʾҲһֱæûʱ䣬ԸҶȴ͸һԡ
ҶƽӦĻǿ¶ЦݣҲҸˣҶƽݽϵԺ;Ҳǲġ
ҶƽӦҪԺ󣬱׼ǽһ£ûʵʩڶ죬ſһˣƿæ¥㱨
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ЩְǻʶҶƽȵ󣬻ڳµģƱǵǲҪˣʲô˵ʲô£Ҷ糤Ӽˡ
һ˵糤ˣ˾ͽŵҪԷҪ԰ܼңԳʲ
һȻ˺ĿںţҶƽ͸е±˲߻򲻻ẰĿںţ˰ڵңȫ緢չĴ֡
һ룬Ҷƽ˵ҶƽʲôҪҪҪ֣ܾܲ˵һ˵
һ˵˰ǻţҶƽһ͸жⱳв߻ԽԽЩ˵ļˣ̸ֻһ̸ȡ˵֧֡
ǻڽ£ҲﺰʲôҪҶ糤˵ţô̸ô˵
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һۣҶƽ侲˵ͶʣҪ豸޳תøǣ£ʲôҪɾ
Ǹ˱˵ѳ޳תˣô죿ǿɶǳʲ
ҶƽһжǵĹܷɣˮ೧أͶʣҪգǸʱûзԣͶʣûзԣһҪչˣ˭˵һתþͳԲϷģ


192 ʤĵ
ҶƽĻһЩֱסҶƽ˵ǲɢǣһչˣǾ͸õûˣô˵ĴǼٵģ
Ҷ糤˵Ŀ滰˾Ҷƽ
ҶƽɫĻǲţ˭Ļ
Ҷƽ֮ӣЩ˶˭˵ˣ糤ĻǲţǾǹˣοڻûпʼǲɢֱ꣬ӹϷã̫³çˣ
ܸ֤ܲղһֱµǸͻȻֽµ
ҶƽĿ⿪ʼֵ㵽ǰ˵ʲô֤
ǸһҶƽסӲǰȥˣӣҶƽ֪ǹģڲ׷Щ˵Σ˵̵ͶϾҪֻҪԸڳɣԸɻǴԲصĹ£˵ҪǲɢˣֱңҵҪ˭Ҫǲɢǵģ
Ҷƽѻ˵ϣЩû˵ʲôˣƱǰǻȥҪˣҪĹ顣
һȰ˵ЩֻûȥˣȥҶƽзǳߣ橻ûʽͶʣ˳£ʽͶˣٳƵ橻ô룿ĵطΪʲôᷢչôⲻΪ⣬Ϊ˵˼⣬ҶȥչǾԼһС棬ûгԶչ۹⡣
صԼİ칫ңҶƽһ룬µıһв߻ߣĻӦձйأȥǣһϣڹϲȥ£Ӱ쵽橵Ͷʣֻȷ£ֻҪǲ£ҲͲ׷ˡ
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Ҷƽƽص£õģҪĿͶʣֻҪͶʣǵطõķչǷǳкôġ
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ҶƽҪۺǳԿˣʲ׸ˣͶʽԶԶǵʲҵЩʲ˵ҲûжôҪҵִĸ죬ڵĳ豸Ҫȫи滻ֻҪͶʳɹʽ𡢾ҵ˰յȷЧҪԶԶʧȥģĻкʣôŽкʣ
ʤҶƽдʣһҲӣ͸˵صȻǮΪʲôܰѳٽͶʣǸӺʣ糤бҲƲΪʲôȡǲĽף
һʤ˵Ҷƽˣصس˵ʲôĽף˵ףȥףǺسʸף
ҶƽȻվʤȻʾ֮ʲôĽףд
ʤϰһһҲصǽӵйԱżûҪ˵ôףιѣвƲ⴦ã޳תøˣ̸һ̸ǳȻٽͶʡ
ҶƽѾ̸ãκθģͶܵί쵼עĿس½̸ͶʣǾ빨سί쵼кһհ죡
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ŹʤȥҶƽûȥҲͬŵģҲ֪ô죬ҲΪʤ̫ˣʲôϵΪϴҶƽײ¶Ҳˡ
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һ룬ҶƽеҲûʲôɵĵģҲҪʽί㱨һͶʵ£ùʤץʲôѱ
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ףӴ֮˻㱨ףӴĻ㱨ͷҶƽĹ˼·ǱȽдԵģ˼ȽϽţһЩ޳ת֮ǿԵģͶôֻҪʽ˵أԵط÷չǾ飬ǧΪһЩС¶㻵ˡ
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ȥ֮ҶƽͶˮ೧㱨һ飬Ļ㱨˳һ£ҶƽȻ޳תҵʲ˵ڵؾ÷չʤ˼Ȼ˼룬Ҷƽ֮ƺìܣĻ
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˳Ҳ֧ģҶƽǳˣûʲô˵ˣʤҲûˣίһֵ֧֣ʤʲôֻСһֱŵȴеˬ
ʱȥҶƽصרųһˮ೧Ŀ쵼С飬ʽչ쵼С鳤ȫΰΪ鳤ȻԱΪԱȫ濪չ
ȫΰȻֹܹҵҶƽΪ˱ڿչ˵˸鳤ԱЩЭ
Щ鰲ź֮橵ʽͿʼλˣû뵽ǣͻȻʱһ绰Ϊƽѩģȴϴ绰һİŮˡ


193 Фб
Էĵ绰һڵľǻҶƽΪǴˣ֪˭˵仰֮󣬶ԷͰѵ绰һˣһڣе죬ȴһʱ벻˭
Ľƽѩѣ˵һ£Էֱݡ
һĽҶƽæãĽС㡣
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ĽͶһҽҩĿֻ򽻵㲻ҪˣĿר֧ģ𣿡
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һ£һ뵽˼ԸͶĿԼмôܾܾ˼ңæлǣĽС㣬̫лˣҽȫ񣬱֤Ŀ˳ء
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ҶƽееʧԼˣƽѩڸٹߵ飬ԼΪʲôҪ˵أ
룬Ҷƽûٶ˵ʲô˵绰ƽѩڽ绰֮ȴһĬȻվûж֪Ժ²ҶƽϵˣĽһε֧֣Ϊ˻ȡҶƽٶ˵ʲôأ
оԼһ̣ȻԼûҶƽŵʲôܸоԼһЩԲסһΥĵһЩ飬ѵŵôҪ
վڸ¥֮ϣƽѩķ羰Ժ˼棬һʱеⷱƽĴУط̫ƽϺ͹㣬νŵԱ󲻹һЩĿİʧӰ٣Ľ˵˲յУ鲻һֻҫ۵ֻ̻˲ţ֮ʲôҲˣֻлȫҪʵģرĴͥôһûʲôСӽ飿
ĽĻЩе־壬־ǻĵֻĴڲΪԼΪļͥѣЩ£ûȫⷪ飬±Χȫˡ
ѵҪһιԼ龲һ𣿡ƽѩͻȻ뷨
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Ϊ˲飬ФоԴӣˮ೧ƲˡձһﻹҪ˾ͱ÷ǳš
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ϣФбǣǷûб˼ϣϡ
ձһµҶƽİɣˮ೧Ǵҵ޹أҪ˺޳תãþǴļͬУ
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ձ̬ưصҲģǴǿ޳תˣﲻʹ죬ЩǴӳҲ˲ٵ棬һתˣ˵ܸ𣿡
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ФһЩ˵Ľһվʲô£ǲͬҲûã
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ҸʲôˣˣվǰǸͻȻкȻһһţǰ漷Фв֪ô£ûվǰһ£Ȼ˵ˣ⣬Ⱥӿ˹
ûüܣ͸оǰһڣ˳ϴһȭεͲ֪ôˡ
ԺУ飬Сôڸô죿
˵ԲѷȴˣȻֱ˴ˣȥ
û˱򰡣
ⲻܼ㿿һ㣡
Ӵôң
ںˣ˵ģ˻һ˲ɣ
һмأ
ùǣҪ˵ĻҲ


194 
ФбۿʱԱѩסЦӵæһ㷢ִί칫ӵˣʱФѾˡ
ǴˣһԱѩФͬ˾ȱһ㣬۾ַֻȵ
ȴǣ˵꣬˾ʹҰһǿ׳Ѫ˳
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ˣôǴˣФίԱҵĴˣҵĴҲФίԱˣû취ֻñ˾ôɣФи˵껰ձ֪ð˳С
һСԱѩȴСϴײԺ󣬾ȻȥˣһֱɳȻҲʧʱˣ汨ˣСҪȥɳҪҲð죬ڼԺûȴձ˵С㻹
һؿԱѩһۣСҲҪ˻𣿡
㲻ҪɳҲûطţٲҾ͸˺ǮԱѩЦص
ձվԱߣԱѩɫһԱѩ˵껰󣬱صСµȵ˵ɣôɣ
عͷ˿ձȻֿһһɥФУԱѩͻȻغһô죿Ҵɳд
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ҶƽĻ˶סˣЩ˱ؿձձһ̧ͷǿԼЩڱ¶Ļָʹ
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195 оְ
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ձһһӣоϺܹȥͻȻһᣬ˵ǴҵҪˣӦǵڲǸӦǵΡ
׳ŵӣձ˵ĻҶƽǵһμʶĴ֧ǣ䵨ӱձ󣬾Ȼ˵ʲôΣ絳ί쵼ǳˡ
˵ʲô˵һ飿絳ί쵼ФҲζˣֱǰձ˵
ձ治ɫȥû˿ηФʱʶ֧ʱίԱʲô˵ʲô¶ίԱ˼Ҹ¡
УǻȥɣȥҽԺȿˣҶƽձĻûʲôʾֱȥ
Ҷƽߣձее⣬ΪҶƽ˵䣬ȻҸ̨£»лأû뵽Ҷƽûٴֱˡ
ҶƽߣԥһҲû׷ȥФпҶƽˣһȻͷҲصҲȥˡ
Фе˲ôأҶƽȥһԺҶȸúÿͬʱȥɳ˵һˡ
ڰФ֮Ҷƽصð֪ͨеĵίίԱҿᣬҪ̡
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һҶˣҶƽ̧ͷɨ˴һۣҲǿһۣ²ٿĿġ
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ȫͱ֧Ҷƽ̬ȣҶƽɵ࿴һۣԭĳɼһӼ˲١
ȫһ˵꣬ΰȴ飬̬ձĹϵǲģҶƽҪȥְֻ֧ǲ֧֣һʱЩìܡ
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ΰһϼ޻ɣҶƽһʱ˵ʲôһ˵꣬ʾҿ¾Ͳõ˰ɣҶ糤ֳʲô¶αҪȵٴһ֧ǶѣҾþ촦ȽϺãǼʱ˰ɣ
һȽº͵оҶƽֱģҶٶҪһӣͬ£Ҫʲô鴦ǾǲҶƽҶƽӣ㿴ΰһ˵ķǳΰҲܽܡ
һ˵ȻﲻԸ⣬ΰҲû˵ʲôһ˵꣬˶׷ױʾ֧Ҷƽֻǵΰȴ˵Ҿձ˵ĻҲһĵҲҪ˵Ҳûʲô󰡣絳ί쵼ʹβìܵģҪȥְҵ᲻
ΰҪȥˣҶƽԶԸˣ˵֮󣬱ž˵糤˵ĺܺãǹҷ涨ģϰܹһŴ񣬿ǴҶӦ糤ѧϰʶһ򵥵飬Ҳ֪ʲôϵҲ֪ǲǾͿɴ֧ΪΪǲǾܲ絳ί쵼糤ˮƽߣһҪǲǴǲҪǴдͬ⣡
ߵΰǱߣλشΰҶƽĻתһת治ɫ˵Ҿò˻ҪһǴȽϺһЩǲʲôִ
ǻеִˮ೧ʴǵִʲôǻ̰ˮ೧ĲƲô˵ô糤ȥҰһʣǻ᲻ִˣ벻ˮ೧ĿùǸţһ¼ලһǲô£ҶƽΰԣбﲻĲָָ
ΰĵԲ㣬Ҷƽȥûеִ󣬱ʵ࣬ٸҶƽȥнƱˡ
糤㻹ʲô˵ˣҶƽ˵һ䣬ʲôɡ
һԵúǰҵĿⶼΰǲǸҶƽԿס


196 ŵС
ΰһʱеѹܴλֻΰ˷˶ҶƽĵߣҶƽ׸ˡ
ﶯ˶ӣΰ³˼֣ҵǸղŵǼ
ûҶƽ˵ǲҪٸֱһ£
Ļһ˵꣬˵ҿҪֱ˰ɣһͨˣȥձ֧ǣóίԱȥһµˣ
ԸΪֱôҲãţϣһͨҶƽ˼Ҫΰΰ˵תͷĿ⿴ʵһͨû
ΰΰ˶ûʲôʾӣҶƽȻҶûʲôǾһͨձְɳ֯ȥίɢᣡ
ְľͨˣȻΰΰмӣûӰ쵽֣˳ͨˣȥձְ뷨ڴʱͲˣְֻͨ취ձû˷ˣſԶһشĴȺ֪˴֧ǣһзվٱӶ档
ɢԺΰصԼİ칫ңһ룬ѵίῪְձձдһȫûԤϵҶƽĳ̫ˣûκͰְȥˣȥְ֮ʣûʸԴ񷴶ԵֹˣҶƽĳֺذ
һձ𾪵ͬʱʼŭΪطһԣû˲ӣԭĲܴ󸻼˵Ҫȥְǲ֮Ҷƽڻֻһֹ糤ȴֱȥְѵΪһ㷴û
پлǿһȥίľپ֯ίԱлǿ䲿˹ϵһֱлǿӴ壬Բøһȥһ·˵Цûµ£ǶձһıҲţƺģίǺ糤˷ҶƽҪȥˡ
絳ίĳܿ˴ί칫ңʱѽӽҶƽձκֵĻᣬȰְ˵
֪ͨίİӳԱȫί칫ҿᣬʱְˣپлǿԺ󣬾ͿίԱ඼ˣֻձûûã˷˵
߽ί칫ңƵģũʲߣ඼ǳ̣һ򲻳̵ĳپüͷлǿûʲôһ¨ӡ
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ǰίԱ֪ݣֻձ֪£ΰϢй¶˸Ҷųپ֪Ҫ˭ְ
پҪְʱͻȻһȺˣձ洳˽ֿپ˵֯ţ
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ձܿ˸ֵƣֱӺҶƽΪСҶҶƽղμӹʱ˽ĳƺȻСҶСҶؽţǹⲻҶƽ
پûϵձô󵨣ᵱôֱӱʾҶҶƽΪ𾴣лǿǻˣϾǲ絳ίҪ쵼Ҷƽ糤ڻ൱һ֣˲Ҷƽ
лǿƢһ͵վգʲôľҲ
ձЦһľԣҾǲлǰǴģҪҵְûΪ˵˵
лǿƽʱĹϵǶǱ˽º⻰ϾЩҲס˵㲻ôģⲻΪ˵˵⣬ľ
ձһУȺ㶦µǵĺǣﲻ
ȺȫռҵݣСͷ类ɳߵЩˣСĴ񣬶һҪձְˣռȫˡ
һȺУپлǿһһФбˣǲٱɣ
ʱһίԱվ˵ʲôȳ֯ѻ˵ô
һվȰձɫһŭָ˵ʲôΪҲ֪ڱҵ£ұְˣǲǸˣ
˱ձһ¸סˣվûٶСԱ߿򼸲˹ȥһץסǰ죬ֱӰ˴ί칫ҵ⣬ȻԱߵ˵ҴСӸ£
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ǰһĻپеɵձȻҵлǿŹˣһǴίԱⲻû
ձʲôôˣپվֹһ£лǿҲ߷ǳֻԱߴ˵绰
һپĻС˹ָ˵ⲻ£ʶԶ㣬Ҳһ򣡡
СŵصֳǳԼΪ̰ԼҵĴҪְȥǻãؼˮ೧ҪתãԺûзƵĻˣһжڸٲ뷨һӣԺĺӾ͹ȥˡ
СĿӣپŵòҶˣЩȺ鼤ܣ̼ǣˣֹҲǺпܵ£Фв
л뿪𣿡پץ뿪ȥҶƽ㱨ְ¾˰ɡ
پ˵껰лǿ߹һѾ绰ҶƽˣҶƽ߸
һҶƽ߸پһЩ˵ǲܴˣºǲԵģ
ֽѵСͶ˶ݺݵ˵Һݺݵش򣬴Ϊֹ
лǿȽϻң룬ĵضԳپ˵ȳȥҶ糤Ҫˡ
پһæϯ̨׼ߵȥСһ˵뵽ȥ


197 ҵĳ
ҪȥҪ㱨СߣپϹҲסˡ
СɨлǿһۣصҪջְľ
СҪɳ˫ۣپһ˵ľôջأ
Сѡ٣ѴﵳԱټѡ٣ҪְǾôѡҴ󲮵ǡ
پʱʶˣĵ֯絳ίһ֧СӾȻôﵳԱѡ٣ȻԴԿ絳ίְСӻһͦţ˰
첻ٿԱᣬѡʲô٣㲻ҪǣپȰ˵
СϰѵԱһͬⲻͬҴ󲮵ְ
գһ£СپԸ˵ȥձ
ձС֣ȫһУپĻɫ˹پ߹գ쵽Щʲôץǳȥ
ձһƣƵ˵ʲôȨߣ˵㲻ǰҵְ𣿡
㡭پеؿһ£һʱ벻ˡ
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лǿԼ׽ӣձɨһ۵лҵ֧ô꣬һ仰ͰҵְˣûйҲпͣңܷ֧֪Ҳĺ
ձһ˵һ߶㿪лǿϵ֣ȥʮίӣлǿһʱǲ֪Ļˣ˵ڲø˵Ͼûʼ飬û֮ǰ϶ǲġ
ҾһʱţɫĴίԱҳȰ˵ձ뿪ί칫ңСҲߣֱǰЩȫˡ
پлǿ˽ʱһ󾯵Զһ󾯵һϲһҶƽɳˡ
СҲˣɫѾǵ˶࣬ɳˣҲˣ˶ڣҲɳץǡ
һе£һɢ˰ɣСȻ룬ձȴ뷨òӲƴ˳پְľ֣ĿĴﵽˣ˵
һձĻС˾׼ɢȥձͱ֣ͷҲصˣ֮ҶƽԱѩһϵˡ
öСǣһҶƽԱѩˣЩţߣԱѩһǣŰץסߡ
ɳȷʵֻ࣬ˣͷߵˣҪ˿ţһʱãȻöСǣǶԷ˶࣬ԱѩץסСôܾͷ˫ִ
һʱûҡ
ҶƽվԱѩԱߣһȽϻңһŮͬ־ǰ棬¶һ㣬ǻûü˵Ⱥӿ˹һӳ嵽Աѩߡ
Աѩһʱ㱻嵹Ҷƽæ
ˣˣԱѩͬʱҶƽԱһѣһȴöԷк˵˴ˡ
Сҽ£һ˺˴ˣ㼱æŴغˣˣɳˣҪָ˵
ѾߵһȥС۷˰ҶƽԱѩΧһΧҶƽʱ˴⣬ڿ壬úõؽѵҶƽһ£ζ
һתСа˰ԱѩȻҶƽŪһȥ˱֮аҶƽԱѩ˸ɢˡ
ҶƽȺ˰ԼΧסԼΪʲôˣӣһʱֻסǽͣǲҪлú˵
һҶƽֻñ߽ͱˣԱѩֿˣپлǿ˿ҶƽԱѩˣǳ˵ģȴû뵽Ȼ˸ΧǱˡ
æȥҶƽһҵĳ棬˾߹ȥҶƽһѣǻûж֪ܳˣһ˸һȭðǣûӦ
һʱ֮ˣίԱЩ˴ҲǲҶųپлǿ˱򣬼æǷһȥ
Ҷƽ˼ŰЩ˵ľǸԼĽͣʱɫȫû·ƣҲûгһˣֻдί칫ĵƹһطί칫ҵĴԽԽԶˡ
һʼЩ˻ֻһԶˣ˴󺰵ִˣյģ
һźţһŹҶƽźţȻ⻰һ˵ЩΧ˱
һԷѾȫҶƽ֪ǽԸԼģСѾһȭͷһȭԵһ˴ڵأûдӰΧ˳
һͽ׷ȥ⼸˶ռҵֵܣСĶĸ磬ֻûôռ⼸ֵܾһ׷ȥҶƽ򵹡
ԷȻ˶࣬ҶƽڵĹԽԽǿҪܣЩ˸׷ϣںڰпСӰŲٷŹŰץס
һξֻͣԷˣռֵСȥˣڻʣ
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һҶƽֲСǼˣһȥҶƽǣ´ˣýֻƷǣСץסһҪһЩʱ䣬ҶԷҲһЩ׺֮ˣַǳݣһСľпǸˡ
˱ߴСʱԱͻȻһȺˣܣҶƽһ֪˭ΪֻǴͨȺڡ
˸ǰһԭϴεԼµһҵˣ˹ˣ֪Ҷƽռ˸żھæˡ
Щһռ˸۸ˣҳͷǶԿǽ쿴Ƕ۸糤ͷˣ۸ĻҶƽҲ̲סˣæǰҶƽˡ
һǰæС˱һָвݿһ£ǺֳܿȻ࣬Ҳˣһ˫ͬˡ
СһûǣҪǰȥǣһҪȥҶƽݣ־Ҷƽ׼ᣬһŽһ˸߷ڵأʱԱѩǱڿס˾棬Ͼռ˵ĹǸһߣЩ˵ľɢˣžԱѩ˾ƣȻҶƽʲô
żԱ˹һˣҶƽļݱȫˣһȥСǴСһҿʼ


198 ȫʰ
һҪܣԱѩǿʼ׷ҶƽҲʼ׷ҶƽҲʼ׷ͼץסǡ
⼸ɢȥԱѩץסղųһҶƽû뵽ҶƽĺܣûռˣһԱѩ׷ˣԱǶֻ࣬
Ҷƽȥ׷СЩ֮ͽȻҶ糤ҪץסǣˣȥضЦԽϱýǸץס
Сٵǰţû뵽Ҷƽں׷һ۵òᣬΪû׷ˣǻͷһȻһӰ׷
оʵܲˣվóһλεذף˴еǰСͱ㣡
Ҷƽ׷ͣסŲСҲϳҶƽˣЦһ糤Ҹͬھ
СݺݵӣҶƽصʲôղŲǺбµ㻹֪糤ʵһȥ
Сص㵱糤ǾˮˮΪʲôҪζԸռңռôˣ
˵Ҷƽǰ߽˼˵ڲϻʲôռңֻҪΥ˵͹˭ҪദˮˮΪʲôҸ絳ίԣ
һҶƽôǿӲηռҵСеˣΪҶƽû£ǶԿףܴ󸻺Ԫ˴ˣֻҪԼƽ£αֶ£
ǽ첻һС¶ذ׾ͳҪҶƽڵء
Ҷƽ侲Դ˹ӣľذ׾Ҫ̹ʱѸ䶯֮죬Сһ֮ͺҶƽҴ̣һ˵Ļ˵̵ˣҲˡ
̼£ûдҶƽС߳ŭʹҶƽϴǾͷҪҶƽɱˡ
ԷңҶƽ侲ٴԼʱһţõ󲿣ֻӴһҽеذ䡣
ֻСʹصҶƽһȥסʵ˰ɣ
СҶƽǵûãﲻͣţҶƽһ绰ԱѩԱѩӵ绰̴˹һСҶƽڽ£㼱æ˹ȥ
ҶƽСˣȴȥˣ
֪СҶƽˣԱѩ㰲˰СȻҽԺȥˡ
С֮ҶƽԱѩô
Աѩץ㿴ڸô죿
ҶƽЩ˱ϳͣؾֻ㱨һ£ȡȫץ񡣡
ԱѩձǷҪߣ
ҶƽȲʱֳʱ˵޹أǲôµȵ˵
ҶƽľԱѩͰҪռҼֵȫߣܵȥ뷨׷ˣֻץģĶˡ
ȵЩ˶ץ֮󣬳پлǿߵҶƽǰҶ糤ձ췴Ƕˡ
һһӣҶƽûЦФһҲѷɫ϶ˣһ֪˭ġ
ҽԺȥҪദ£ҶƽطԸ
˻صҶƽԱѩҹͻ󣬰˵ȫһҹĵ飬ͷЩ鶼ռ˲߻ģĿֹȥˣҵȥձְ
һģԱѩҶƽ˻㱨Ҷƽ֪´ָձҲץɴնݳ󻼡
ԱѩҹжȥձʱȴǷûڼԭе鲻ûڼסûץס
ڶ죬ҶƽԱѩһȥһع֣صعֳ¶㱨ȡֵ֧֣¶Ҷƽڲжţеǰ;ԱѩıԺ󣬱ʾȫְ֧ӣάΰͬʱȷֶԵıٳ֣Ҷƽһ糤ˣǰûй飬ٷ
˳¶ָʾع֯ȥץѵķˣ֮ձѵռȫ
û֮ǰҶƽǰˮ೧˵Ҳ˳У飬ˮ೧ǧĿղ֪ȥˣձشɣԺĹԱ̿չձӹִ߽е顣
ͬʱˮ೧ҲһƣҲ̰۸ܵҶƽ鲻֪һһ⼸永ܾ޴
ҵĲƲЩˣձһдֲ̣ǧټƲԸȥˣֻҪ̵Ľռˮ೧ıȡ˾޶棬ھ鴦ȫ׷˻һʱ֮䣬Ĵ֪޲ֳƿ졣
һŶȫҶƽеδйɣﾭþͺȻڣܷչͶʣЩ˵ǲᱩ¶
ձ嵹̨ôĴֳƿ죬Ҳĸɲе𺳣еҶƽһµˣӲˣȥձְ񣬲ҷر¼ôͰձһҸˣһǻ裬ɳִŹһְ糤Ϊǵ
һε飬ҶƽһЩвˣʼܵձһѱﶼʰˣ˭Ҳʶʱԣ
ΰΰ˰кһձ֮Ľ¶ҶƽʱС࣬Цġ
ǵӣҶƽһĲмָʱҪʱҪˣûٷϣ綼Ŀ֮£ǲɡ
¸ոչȥĽĴˣҶƽ֪ҲޱȵĸˣʲôĿģͶʾͲ
ĽһӳǰʱҶƽȻѾҪ̾һˣǮ˼ҳⱦģµŮ˸ûȡ
ĽС㣬ӭҶƽһγæ߹ȥ˫ȥ
Ľɨһۣ촽ˣصôô·ûУ
Ҷƽһ˼ĽС㣬ڷչ׶ΣҲһͲһˡ
Ľŵӣ˵ǵôһб仯ڿҪҪͶʡ
Ľһʱд˲м


199 ΰ
ĽĻҶƽЦĽС㣬ģڸոһĿõĽｫһƬչֻҪͶʣһܼ֤ķչ
Ҷƽһֹ۵ӣĽܵĸȾˣڴ֮ǰҶƽûʲôӴֻѣҶƽͣڱʶΪҲһݸѣȻ糤ҲǻԵɺϣûʲô˲𣬽ķչҲ̫ãֿЩı䣬ͬʱҲƽѩΪʲôȤ
úôҶƽһһҵҵŮС֪ѧάʿĹϵΪһǿҽȡĵŮԣԼҵҰģȻ̽磬û;ǲԲˣӶӵԼȨ
֮ƽѩϵôãϣٲҶΰЩ˽ϣΪӵе̹ϵӴͬʱﵽݵĿġ
ŲȰ˵ƽѩҪҶƽһ𣬻ҪΪƽѩͶʣҶƽӶƽѩϸеƽһЩ󿴵ƶĺܣһ㣬ᵽͶʡ
ڿҶƽʵЦݺǻչ飬Ҫúʶһ糤ˣһֻǱɣԺֻҪмλãǼҵ⻹ģһݸЩӵܣǳѣֻҪԼһ£ȻӦ׵ĺܡ
һ룬Ľ¶ЦݣղһòͷһʧӰ١ҶƽȻ֪ʲôͣشԼҴЦˣһʱͷԣԼĴӦûʲôɣûʲôЦİɣ
ͷԼԼһ̧ͷͿĽЦŶ˵ղ˵һĿʲôĿ
ҶƽæǸոһͶԪˮ೧ĿǱǱߵͶʣڸոտʼ˽֪ĽСôͶʣ
һͶԪСطһǱͶʣĽʵᵽطͶʣ
ҶƽǰͶʣһнͶʣѾһչˣ
ĽŰɣſʵʲô˾Ͷʵģ
ҶƽʱӨ˾˾ڱǱһ˾ǻȥǱ߿
һʱӨ˾֣Ľ˷ܵصʱӨ˾Ͷˣǵ𣿡
ǵûܵŮˣⶼͶʡҶƽʵ˵
ĽĶܴܲȥ
ҶƽֵصĽС㣬ʶ
ĽЦǣΪҰְʱӨ˾кϵ˼ζû̸ɣǵͶʣϵһµĻ˵ܳɡ
һĻҶƽ˵Ҳ֪ʲô뷨ϵһһ˼˵𣿡
Ľû⣬ҵϢȻʱӨ˾ͶˣҲûʲôԥˣͶһǧԪģһȥ㱨һ£ܲӵǧｨһҽҩҵûʲôɣ
һǧͶȻȲ橣ҲǲˣҶƽæ˵ǻӭĽСͶʣûκ⣬֤ĽС⡣
Ҷƽ˵ӣĽǸܵǿȳˣзչ飬ôܸɲã
Ľ̸һᣬҶƽҪԷĽЦЦʹӦˣķ꣬ҲûдȥƣĽû巹Թ쵹ǵһˡ
˿˺üҶƽ֪ʲôΰİ칫ҾҶƽİ칫ҲԶһƯĸ߹Ůӣ֪ǺҲͣӰ칫ðͷۿҲǰȥкҶƽĽ뿪˰칫ңڽ
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Ժ˵СҪϲ㣬͸һѵʵڲУҰʡȥ


204 ƽԶҪ
ְֵİ칫Ůҽ֪ʲôԭóǿʡҽԺʵϰˣԭԺ칫ҵ˴˸кѳǿˣ֪Ժǳʲôԭ
ǿ棬ʲôȻŮҽİְָ˵仰ʵϰȻһʡҽԺĻᶼûˡ
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ŮҽȻؿһ˵ҰΪʵϰԺģҰûа취
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Ůҽһס˵ʲô㣬ҪԺǲǰҰֳ˵ҵԺ㲻һССʵϰʵϰȥԺΪ˭ʵϰĻ͸㣬㣬ܽڲʵϰˣȥԺ˵Ц
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ףӴҶƽڲͶĿ֮ԽԽŨķչٶȣؽȫо÷չһĳɼίǵ潫ǷǳĴһмɲѡΣĻὫǺܴ
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һôҪҪ溣ȡҪףӴ˵µ뷨һҪԽӴƽԶӲΪأʱȥףӴףӴ϶ջ
صĹԴףӴһֱչĲƽԶһֱ뵽߿һףӴṩһЩ֧֣ڳؿһĹ
֪ƽԶҪӲ칤ףӴʮֵӣƽԶΪίǣӲ칤Ҳ˵Լܹ֮ϵصί֪Ҳ߶ӣȻ˵ҶΪ񣬵ǳɼɵôҪõ쵼Ͽɣһ浱ȻҪܵƽԶϿɲУӴܣɼԣƽԶ󲻸ˣʹٶ࣬Ҳ޼£ƽԶΪûʲôɼ
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Ҷ֪·ǳҪףӴ˵껰֮ͷ׷ױʾҪ׼쵼Ӳ칤á
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Ļһ˵꣬溣һ뵽쵼Ӳ죬ĸɲͻΪĿĽ㣬ȥȥӲ죬ҶƽΪί糤϶ҪƽԶߣڳίоʱⶫûˡ
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205 
˳ίᣬҶջȷзֹ׼Ҷƽӵί칫ҹԱĵ绰֪ƽԶҪӲ칤飬ίҪ׼֤һʧ
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żɽҶƽ͵˽⣬һίҪӲ칤ϵıǺܿţһе𾪣ֲŵӡ
䲿лǿһӣſʵҶ糤˵ƽҪרŵӲ칤
Ҷƽ΢һЦҪ߶ӣѸ׼һ£쵼һõӡ󡣡
һŻ׷˵ƽҪһ£ϲ£Ҷ糤ʲôҪԸǶȥ
Ҷ̬ȣҶƽеǳοؼʱһܶȥģӲгʲô⣬Դҵ;᲻ôãҲ᲻ãϣҶǿġ
ڷ׷ױ̬ʱΰΰ˿ȥˣȻҲʾҪص׼ûô˷ܣԱߵлǿͳپ˲ɵɨһۡ
ΰ֪ƽԶҪϢкʹһе𶯣ƽԶΪίǣӲ칤ҶƽΪ糤ǽǷƵⶫڴҪ絣ǣƫƫڹϣƽԶҪӲ칤ʱƽԶ϶ҶƽĳɼⶫĻлᵽߵίǣ
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ҶƽФˮ೧׼ȻȥĽĺҩҵ˾ҩҵ˾Ÿոռ˵أһĹڼӰӵн裬֮Ҳͳӵĸ̸һ̸Ȼ˶׼
ȥطҶƽ׳ҲһӲص㣬֮Ϳææµµӣ֪ƽԶҪ˭ؽ׼Ҷƽʣ׼ò
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ڹϣȻֻܳƺҶƽΪҶ糤ҶƽһۣЦ׼ĲϢһᣬҪţ
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ίдƽԶ³һһףӴ⣬ƽԶǳӣҶƽԶֹίǵλӣƽԶǰһӡ󣬶Լķչкôġ
չ֮ףӴ¾߽дϢңϢһӣȱ裬ȻȥӲ칤
ףӴƽԶԣΪڸƽԶߵ飬ƽԶϲú͹綼൱ϤûжķϻϢרΪƽԶ׼õ̲Ѿݺãҽž˽
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ƽԶǳĿȻӲ칤˵ʱǷǳذѷ׸˳Ա֮æбӿףӴЦ˵ףǣƽӲ죬һҪƽǿù񫰡óԵĶó
⻰һ˵ҶʱЦףӴЦ鳤ģǻᾡŬչǵĹŪٵǲɣǸƽǿĶǸɻ
ƽԶָָЦҿɻǾǶˣŪ٣Ҿƣ
״ͷЦҲЦûΪƽԶǾƵĻеš
նʱǢ
ףӴڴЦ֮󣬱һɫƽԶ㱨ȥӲĵص㣬ڻ㱨ʱѼ򵥵һ£ƽԶ֮ҲǺӣͷ
ףӴ֮ܲƽԶŨüһչúܿȥǳȤȻҶƽˣǻûȥ磬һҶƽĹףӴȥһӾȤˡ
ףӴļ򵥽ܣƽԶ͵һɳķ֣˵Ӵͬ־ھȥɣ˵Ķˣ
һ⻰ҲɵЦףӴæ˵Ϣһ𣿡
ϢˣȥɣƽԶһ˵һվ˼æվ
ףӴһˣٶ˵ʲôԸίӲ׼ƽԶŰµϳģ֮ίרŰһ˹ΪӲĳи߼쵼طӲ춼ϲ˹Ӳ죬˶࣬Ӳͬʱ໥Ҳǰ㱨ͬ־ϳ㱨ֽγˡ
ֻһ̨˹أѵȺ棬ƽԶ߳д䣬һ߽˿˹ء


206 һ·Ӳ
һ˿˹أƽԶػӲ칤һιɷƸ죬ΪҪĹҵȫصĲһ֧ãļ쵼Ҫᵽ߿һ
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ƽԶЦ֪ίʳҲ׷ԣԶŵζ
ЦƽԶûмӣļҳһ˵Ļôһֺĸܡ
ʱԶС˹ҵĿһ뿴ҶƽվԱһָܵƽǣǽ׳ĳͬ־
ϢܵǰҶƽĽܺҾһ¹˵ƽǺãλ쵼ã


207 ЦһƬ
һŮͬ־Ȼǽ׳ĳƽԶȤСôᰡûа
⻰һӰѳ˸죬һʱ˵ƽǣ˼һûнģ
ƽԶЦҲǸеЦӲ칤ģû뵽ȴӲ˼ҵĻ״ˡ
СŮǿ˰Ŭѽ׵ŴԽԽãϰһõ롣ƽԶһ³ֹ
һӣû뵽ίǻô佱뵽æ˵ƽǣⶼҶ糤ĹͣҵߵγһԸأܷչҪҶ糤ŬҲһڵĹ
ĿԱߵҶƽҶƽæƽǣܷչ죬Ҹһ£ҪףǺسһܴ֧֣ʽ𣬾ҵĹͬŬӲɫǱͶʽ˹ģǳӣʵΪ׬ǮҪΪ˽Ⱥѵ⣬Ⱥڵ롣
ҶƽרᵽˣףӴ˳¶ЦݣƽԶҶƽйȺĻеο͸ˣĸɲһȺڣȺڵʱ̷ϣҵίҲͺøɵõĶ࣬ɲ㣬Ⱥڣϰվͻ᲻⣬ίǿҲ˯Ⱦ
ƽԶıһ࣬˵СҶ仰˵úܺãʲôҪȺڵʱ̷ϣȻ׳󲻸ߣܽȺڵĴ⣬һ·ôĿȻòٽ˾õĿٷչǶûҿ׳еˣ׳Ȼģ󣬵ش˴ͳũҵƷƣ֯ϰ棬ίܻ֧ĿίȫչӣҸеǳοһڼǿ÷չͬʱעάȺڵ棬һдȺǷչõĿȺлؽʵ־Эչ
ƽԶרž鷢һڸضȫ淢չãһЩĹҵĿǶũҵӲ㣬Ⱥڵûпȫ¾ȻչȥˣϰûеõʵݣҶƽչ׳ٽ˾÷չһȺרΪǷ񣬰ѽ׵ƷƴȥȻϰֲܴˮл棬Ⱥٵѵ⡣
ϰձӦԷյֺ֧ͰֲˮķգȶũҵչũҵȣȣȣƽԶΪίǣȶҲӣԶҶƽ͡
ƽԶĽ֮󣬶˼ţףӴҲǷǳӣ÷չһ棬άȺҲһҪĹⷽҪƽ⣬ֻ˾÷չȶֶҪץҪӲ
ƽԶ׳￴˿˳Ĺ㱨볧Ĺ죬Ӳ׳֮ƽԶȥ忴һӲһũҵ
ũҵԭףӴŵӲ췶Χ֮ڣƽԶһ˶أܹ⿴һҵҲҪһũҵͬ־ҲҪһũҵ
ƽԶһףӴæҶƽǰ·ҶƽҲûϵƽԶҪȥǱûκε׼ֻܽһˡ
һ·Ҷƽͣظ֧绰׼ڴί칫ҵȺ
ίҪҲǻæúܣæĴ溰ĴίԱ岿ϡ
ȴίԱʱƽԶҲ˴ͷڳ￴˿һƽũ廹Ƿǳƶкܶ໹éݣһҪũϰոԣС
óͣƽԶûнȥǿũأһ˳Ҳ˳Ҷƽæǰܹܱ߸˵绰
ǻһũҵվҶƽп˵һ䡣
վԱ˵иũҵУũҵȷʵӲá
ףӴǹһڹҵ׶ΣũҵǸίũҵҲǷǳӵġ
ƽԶͷũܴʲôʱũһйĻڹҵͬʱҪעץũũȣũǸˣܸӺгũҵյˣܽǹҵʳȫ⣬ЩĹãӲá
ףӴԱصص˵ͷʱһˣиɲҲдҶƽ˹ƽԶܵƽǣǴ֧ǡ
һɲˣƽԶתֿ֣˻ЦŴӭƽǺ͸λ쵼ǴӲ칤
ƽԶũɲʵӣǺЦ˵ǺãǴĵô
ȺֵĻԷǳߣԴ׳֮ȺڲΪˣⶼƽǽĴ⣬˴ĿǴһЩˣڷǳġ
˵ߴƣԵ÷ǳ˷ܣˮ೧ҽҩ֮ҶƽŴһЩҳˣԭ׳ҪйˣûȥڹеĶˣҲͲ˼˵лˡ
һԱ˲ٵĴ񣬹֣ͣؽţƽƽҪȥ
ŲٵĴ뵽ǵһѾˣҪȵһܽҶƽЦǻ˻ֵһɣίƽǹˣҲҪҽС
ҶƽôҲҪؽţƽԶȴǺǺЦ˵ҹɣ߽һ㡣
һЩȺھ˹ƽԶЦʵǽô
ƽԶŵǸȺһӣһ˼˵ҼʮĶ׽˲ǮȢϱˣ
Ⱥһ˵ЦƽԶҲǲɵشЦǹͬһź첼ߵŮӡ
ƽԶǺһЦתͷҶƽ˵СҶĳвŮ
Ҷƽа׳˲Ůء
ƽԶ㿪Цصץ취λȥ׳Ҹϱ°
ƽԶ⻰һ˵꣬ǺôЦ֮ǰҶƽʶȥ׳Ĵ쵼ȴӸе׳᲻ͬ˰ɣ
ƽԶĻ䣬ҶС֪˳ҲҪȥ׳Ҳûҵϱ
һҶСҲ֣µ㵽˼ҳҲҪ㡣
ҶС̲ص˭˵ģҵܴġ
ƽԶ֪ҶСʲôˣ֮Цͬ־ǴĹӿǲٰ
Ц


208 Ȩ
ȺڶʵƽԶϲַΧӴʵʵûᣬƽʱ۵ﶼȰźãҲ⣬ȴûаźõģЩȺڽнӴҲûרţҲûʱţ˸ʵһ档
ũڹĵĻ⣬ҶƽǽһЩ⣬ǾͷǳƳҶƽȺڵ۾ѩģһϾܹҶƽû湤ɼôˡ
λ͵ȺھƽԶȥȱ裬ƽԶ̴ӦһãȻҾ⻧ȺڼУǼһһ֡
ίܵǼǸеˣׯ˼ҾͼæƽԶʰһɾİƽԶ¡
˾վԱߣƽԶ⻧Ⱥ˽һ¼һǼмˣʲô롣
⻧Ⱥ˵˵ЦЦΧ۵ȺڲʱЦҶƽվԱ߿ҲǺܸˣû뵽ƽԶô£𵽹Ӳʱ˽࣬ũĹӡ
Ⱥ˵껰죬ƽԶǸˣǰ֣ͣϳ󣬴ȺͳԶŻȥ
ȺǺð͵ȺǣƽԶڳ̾ص
ףӴԱ˵˵ĸȺϵ÷ǳãСҶ˲ٵʵ£ϰձȽϿ
ƽԶͷ˵ĶԣʵǻӭҵģǶǵһϿɣǲϿǵĹһ˳ϷúԩľˣСҶṤȴʵӴڶСҶ۹ģ
ףӴæǫص϶ǺƽѧģҪҪһ˵ı棬Ҫ˵Ĺ˼·͹̬ȣСҶȻᣬǹ˼·Ƚ϶أ̬ȱȽϻһơ
򵥵غƽԶ˼䣬Ҳû˵ʲô溣о͸оףӴǶҶƽ̫ˣȻίǰ佱ҶƽҶƽίǵˡ
뿪֮ƽԶֻص˶سǣһӲ쵳֯Ľ蹤Щ֮뿪˶ء
ڶ죬ձȫ濯ƽԶӲϢֽ󣬴ҾͿҶƽӰҶƽڰ칫￴ԼҲ˱ֽͷǷǳˣҲǵһϱֽˣȻûдԼ֣ܿԼƬҲǷǳĺá
ƽԶ뿪֮溣ѹıһҪףӴ̸һ̸ⶫίǵ£ڿûϷˣƽԶߣҶƽĹϿɣףӴòⶫίǼֱǲܵģڱ͹һ£׶ⶫôţһֱЭⶫǰ;ҪܵӰˡ
溣Ļ뽨ΣҪⶫȥ絣糤ô
溣ͷ˼һ£˵糤Ҫ
Σǵ궼ֶ֣ĻûԸ⵱ˣ糤˾ְʲô֣ⶫܰ糤ɺˣһֱḱؼҲǿԵġ
̧ۿһ¹溣˵һԼⶫһ죬ҲܰСȥĥһҲӦõģܵ糤һ뷨һ֮ҲǺܺ
ףӴҶӵ糤ͬɣ溣˵ͬ˹
ǵڣֻҪҶƽίǣ糤һְͿճģ˭Ǹר㡣
溣˵ͷĬ˹˵ⶫȥ糤Ҳˣ糤֮󣬺ϵ֧֣ù
֮󣬹Ѹȥְ£ʱ׼ƼȫΪ糤ѡˣȻ˵ȫһѵѡҶƽ᲻ƼǿʵŻǱߵӻҪģȻȨûԭôˣϾмί˴֮仹е㽻ģȫΪ֣糤Ҳʵġ
鱾ģǹһҵ糤ѡ˭һʣ͸оҶƽίϹûʲôˣڿʼ糤ѡˡ
ȫ˵˳ɫһ˵糤ְλҲҪѡ˾Ϳˣȫ˷ӳﲻôŽˣҲһ㣬糤Ҷƽӿ²У֮Ǵѡһȥ㿴ⶫȥ糤ô
һϴⶫίǣڿûϷˣŵ糤ⶫǳԶˡ
һ룬һü˵ǣҪҰ˶ΪƼѡϳίо
һ˵ѡƱػ飬ҿⶫϵˣ㲻ף˵顣
Ƿֹ֯ĸǣǾ֯֯ôͦⶫҪףӴ飬αҪȥˣŻȻмίˣûĹϵӿԸûӵ£Ǿûˡ
ʹӦ˹󣬹ȥףӴⶫȥ絣糤ףӴһʱûʲô̬̬Ҳ˵ʲô֪ʱףӴȨ⣬һ¾ͱ̬
˹ĻףӴȷʵȨ⣬溣ԼĶӸƳ뵽統糤ûͬ⣬û취ⶫƼ뵽統ǣ䴦ˣڿǵˣ뵱糤溣ǧټչӣ׶һ
иеЩǿվǰƼⶫ糤޷溣ȨϵٳˣûǾͳ˹¼ҹһ溣˴ΣȨȻС˵ڶصˡ
һ룬ףӴе⻹ǲ£ⶫ˲磬ҶƽͬΪˣ˺úϣ˵ԲĹҲһ£ԭҶ˵˽Լ飬Ҷƽ̫᲻ΣȻҶƽڵĹɼֱӴǵǻһڣⶫȥ糤Ҳˣǲ˵ʲô˰ɣҲ˵ʲô˽˰ɣ
뵽ףӴһ۹˵ϳίɣͨĻû
⻰ͬˣ΢ЦףӴһˣ֪ʲôʱʲôʱˣⶫҪίǣͼͬ⣬ֱӱ̬ȣǸô溣û˵ⶫ뵱糤溣ò٣һȨͬı̬溣һӣԦʮ˵ãԭĹֲ࣬ƽԶѡ飬һֱڽ溣ǲЩˣ


209 ⶫ
ȫɫС棬̨һⶫ˵ζ
ۿ糤һְҪ֣ί֯Ѿ׼糤ˣû뵽ⶫλӣԼимίӦʮþȵˣ룬ԼĽԴӲٸί참֮˾Ͳôٸӣⶫ溣Ķӣ溣ؼɲԼĽǱȲ˰
һίְίίоҶƽͬ־β絳ίǣٵβ糤һְⶫͬ־β絳ίίԱǣΪ糤ѡˡ
ί֯񸱲лɽڻ᳡ȫȴǳĴ̶ҶΪλģȴǻ˱ˣ·˭϶оζͺñ˵ŮҪˣ˻ֳȴɲԼǰܡ
ⶫһߵ۾һϯ̨ϣ˸оһִȨյƣһ˵ı飬ڻ᳡Ĳӵĸɲͷԣﶼ룬糤ôίǣֻίһֲŻֲһ̬ȣΪ糤Ҫ͵һ㣬ҪίǵķͷŷϹٳ
Ҷƽһƽ͵ûⶫֲһı֣Ȼίǣһ֣Ǹʲôʲôװֲһʲô˼𣿸ʱǻ࣬ǲҪʱװֺ˲ӣֻ˸еС
ɨһԱߵⶫҶƽûôɫԴǴμⶫһۺ󣬾͸оƲһĸɲһָ߸ϵ̬ȣڵߵ糤ȥǸӲһˣһֱҪһЩ⡣
лɽ֮Ҷƽί˽ͬ־ǣղлίӵľҪһҪִίľѧϰлҪٽ
Ҷƽʹί˼̬һҪίľŬίƽǺίףسӲҪץõǰҪ°ҪҪץòĸɲ齨裬ֻץøɲ齨裬ƽȫ繤ĲϷչҪǿŽᣬֻŽܳսǰǧͷһŽһģѸá
Ҷƽ˼̬ԵģҪǿɲ齨裬뵽һɲ£Ž¾뵽ڲ᲻вŽ£ʲôʲôǴϰߵĲ롣
֮ҶƽΪˣⶫһ糤Ҳ䣿
ֻһµģⶫĻ֮ͷҲûתǰ˷һֱӱصɡ
ɣ᳡ĸɲȷʵе糤ˣûаҶƽ˼ϴһһԺкϷˡ
ⶫһɤӣ˵ߣûʲô˵ģίȻβ糤ҾͲܲ˵䣬һ·ߣڳ˿͸һָо̫ưܣ·ʧޣԺãԺӣ·ûǮޣ⣬Ӱɣܸ֮оأΪ糤һкԼΣǲĹȥҾ˵Щˣˡ
ⶫһưؽⷬиûᵽҶƽҲûᵽ絳ίȫҵĵ̬ȣһֱָڵ⣬ƺӰҶƽûѹɺá·ʧޣҶƽѿˣֻһʱûʽ޷ɣƽԶӦһʡʽֶ֧صĵ·裬ⶫȴֱԵôӵ·Ƶġ
ԺĽ裬Ԫǵʱ򣬾ҪǮάһ£ǵʱԽҶƽʾ飬ǮҪڵϣԺȻЩưܣǻܼȥԺôܴĹ͸ɵô¥ùɵٺãвװȺҲûãֻҪȺڣʹǼéҲһɼⶫ⣬ɼĹ˼·ˡ
᳡ĸɲһеûʲôˮƽһҲǾ̫Ը˰ɣڻ糤أҪ˴ѡ٣ôͱֵôߵ
ⶫһؽ˻ﲻˣҶƽ֮û˵ʲôתͷлɽһлɢɣ
лɽЦһ±ʾͬ⣬ⶫղŵĽҲˣ˵ӦҶƽһӣʾҪŽ絳ίΧĹⶫȴû˵̫ԼӵıˣҲû˵ʲô˼溣ί֯㲻ʲô˵˷˼ңͲһˡ
һɢҶƽлɽԷлɽȴܾˣղſⶫǸӣҵһȾƣ˵ʲô£Ļãֱ֮ӻȥʲô¶ĺá
лɽԸԣҶƽûǿⶫıҲˣͲôһԷлɽһߣòд鷳
лɽߣҶƽⶫһͬվ칫¥ǰ棬ת໥һۣⶫһɫƺڰҶƽ˳УҶƽУҲУ߿ﻹء
糤ðθ㰲һ°칫Һס޵ĵطʲôҪĵطܿڡȻܵⶫֵ⣬ҶƽӴֳǿغ˵ôһ䡣
ǶлҶˡⶫ㻺һɫûٱֳô
˵껰Ҷƽ߽칫¥ƺ˵糤һ°칫ҡ
ƸղҲⶫ̬ȣҲŽĸ֣Ȼⶫı˾Щ񣬵溣ЩίԱҶƽڰΪⶫʰһ°칫ңֻհ졣
˵껰֮Ҷƽ¥ίǣ칫ҾͰͷǼӣԶΪԭܴ󸻺ԪǼӰ칫Υ˹أðȻԼǼ칫Ҿƽⶫɵ칫Ҹɨʰá
ⶫҲ¥㣬ڰƵĴԭҶƽǼİ칫ңһЩ˽ƷѾϣֻһЩ칫Ρ
߽һⶫüͷ칫ҵӣʩȫǾɵģɳӣɰ칫ǽҲûзˢҲǴֲڵúܣЭİ칫Ҽֱǲ̫ԶˣԭΪԺԵúƾɣİ칫һҪһЩڿûʲôİ칫νӴҪĿˣ
ôһ룬Ͼߣ˵ΣĻ칫


210 Ҧΰѡ
û뵽˵ôֱӣҶƽԭһֱ칫úõģûʲôҰĹþǴĴүһģԸ칫ˣ
糤˵Ҫʲôİ칫ûˣֻⶫʵ
ɨһۣⶫЩɳӾɰ칫ǲҪһҶǸղſ᲻˵ˣ°Ҫ㶼ŪЩɵĶңô°ӵﷲǾɵĶҪһ
û뵽ⶫô°ģֻˣһ룬Ϊ˶һ£ҪôţһһɵĶû
ⶫʵʲôûǲûǮ
Ƶ糤˵ûûǮ㿴칫¥ҲǾɵģĶȥ
⻰ҭⶫᣬЦһ칫¥ҲҪµģ㿴ĸ򲻽ƯƯİ칫¥
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ⶫݺݵضһۣ˵ȥ֪ͨ¡
ҪҦΰƶû˵תȥ֪ͨˣ￴ⶫǸɫʱ仹һ¡
ڰ֮ⶫֻվڰ칫ҶƽùɳӣҶƽһӣ糤Ҳı䲻ũϰԣְ칫ôܴȥ
ոһᣬΰ֪ʲôʱð˳ǰһⶫϺÿࡣ
ΰ߽󣬱Ѱ칫ҵŸˣⶫһֱվкһµ糤
ⶫŶһûжΰ֣쿴ⶫڻ᳡ϸҶƽӣ͸екϷˣҶƽǲϲھվⶫһߣⶫǰͷںıߣҶƽô죬ⶫʲôأô˵
һܿ˰죬ⶫһط£ӣΰǲн񱣿
֮ⶫ˿˵Ҹʲôٸҽһ¡
ΰ˼˵涫ߵ˲٣ֻҺΰ˸ҸҪôǽͷݣҪôǽɣߵѹСҽ쿴ıˣֻҪģŻ˵תͷͶǵģ
ΰĶⶫҶƽİ칫ڶߣöߵҶƽ
ΰĽܣⶫͷΰһ꣬Ȼ;òҶƽˡ
Ҫñ˵ǣ͵ץסһЩ˵ģ㿴칫ӣҿ϶⣬ڿһ£ذİ칫һ£ôҿҵȻͺðˡⶫ˼һ˵ڻ᳡ϵĽ޵ķʸҲûԣĿĵġ
ΰû뵽ⷽǣİ칫ǲãɲȻԹԵҲ⣬ûǮſҪǮרư칫ɣⶫ£ǵҪǮⶫŪǮ
칫Ҫƣ߲ͬ⣬Ҳð찡˵ŪǮأΰɡ
ⶫصǾͬ⣬һͬ⣬Ǿ͵Ǯ취
û뵽ⶫôթӣԼСһ㣬Ųˣ˼Ҹǹʹˡ
˵ŻҦΰ˽һתҪȥΰȴСҦ˵
ҦΰԭԪˣΰϵҲҶƽŰҦΰһҪְλⶫץǷǳõġ
һΰҦΰ˽ȥⶫһ糤ⶫһۣΰ㼱æ˵СҦҦΰĲԭǵĵ£ܸɡ
һ˵ⶫҦΰǸΰһˣЦһµ°ɣһ¡
ΰҪһرһ£
ⶫˣûˡ
⻰˵ΰȽϿģҦΰҲ֪ΰǺ糤㵽һˣҪվһߣͷЩԥء
ԪһְûҶƽ֮ϵĮеյҶƽⶫߣȻֻ糤ȴ溣һΪɽʵǿҲܻ㡣
ҶƽίǣҴľֶǾǲһ㣬ίǶ佱죬ⶫһǱȻҪԣʤ
Щԥģƻ˵ģڿӣⶫΰܾˣҶƽĹϵûдã治ˣ˭Ҳ֧Ĳһְ϶סˣֻܵĲ״֪Ľãεðһְøסˡ
һ룬һᣬ跨ɣ˭վһ𣬵ⶫΰùϵ˴ʱҪ֮ʣҶƽڲʱ䳤˶࣬ԼĺȦֻҪϲʲôͻͺˡ
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ҦΰشԭһЩǻǲôҶʵȽϴǮˣڻûмʲôЧ棬ϻǱȽϽš
Ҧΰ˵ʵҶƽȻʣǻûʽͶ˰ʲôĻûȻʲôЧ棬Ĳ׽⣬벻
һⶫüͷһ壬˵ǰЩӣ˵ʹúң⣬벻ûмʲôЧ棬Ǯˣ˵ǲһְܼӵΪǮô
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ⶫĿ⣬Ҧΰ֪ץȨˣһȰѲȨץԼҪѲȨץǾͱԼץǲһҪ顣
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Ҷû˵Ҷƽ֮˵ˣҶˣСɣ糤һ쵽ΣǶĵʾӭ糤ԭһֱ﹤۽ߣҰǿί糤糤Ƕ繤ش֧֣ҵӭ糤ĵ
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ڴҾı鵱У᳡һƬϡϡⶫ֮ܲˣҶƽڶԣѵģ
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ⶫҶƽĽ²ãȫвɵؾ͵еҶƽҲˣûе⣬Ļ糤Ҳ൱ίˣΪûܵίǶеڻˡ
ҶƽĻһ˵꣬ίԱһʱû˵䲿лǿЩⶫ̬ȣһ˵Ȼ糤ģ糤һзӰǵ·޺á
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лǿⶫϻûãڻ᳡˵⻰ĿΪ˴ҶƽţܻҶƽģһŰ취·һʱ⡣
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ܴ󸻾ǲͬصƽҵܰȫǸģͲҪ˵ˣһš
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215 
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ܣ˵𣿡Ҷһʵ
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ƽѩʼԺ･ĵԴĽͶʣûˣ֪ʲô͸ое֣Ľĵ᲻йϵأ
ûȥЩ⣬еͷʹԲȥ룬߿һŮҪҶĻǱȽϺʵģȻԭ󣬵ίˣ߿ίǣȻͥϲŵԣǴǾŵԡ
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һҶƽ˵Ǿ䲻ϵĻ߿æҲסֵƽǧ˵㣬ңһֱΪûҡ
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һҶƽˣҲ֪߿ⶫ֮ûʲôˣΪ˲ᣬһ䣬һ˵̤ʵˡ
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ǵȱܣô˵ģ㿴𣿡Ҷƽ˵
߿ЦðȽһܵɣ


216 
Ҷƽ߿¶߿ޱȵĸˣʮǣؿҶƽͣΪҶƽвˣʱʱĵЦţ¶һڽ׵ݣӣҶƽһͻȻվԽĶͷһǡ
߿۾ҶƽĶͷһһǣܵһãҪһʱĻϣ㡣
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һ˵꣬㿴ǲõı飬ʶʲôˣĿڵС⣬㵽Ǳ߹ô


217 ⶫ
ĻһĿڣⶫվһԹصҸյ磬ԡ
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ҲûӦһⶫִ˼к߳˸߿ļš
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溣Ҳоԣ㺰ˣⶫתͷװտӣҶƽ߹ȥס֣һϵص糤Ǵǰˡ


218 
ҶƽʮϵⶫװʮʹӣȻһǵı飬ӣҶƽûмƽϣֵ糤úˣ㲻õģʲôʱˣʲôʱٻȥϰࡣ
ҶƽĻⶫһӵǵô˵治÷ֻʲôҲ˵װˡ
Ҷƽ˵껰רߵ溣ǰκã糤ǺʹİһҪ֮Էǡ
˵ʮϵҶƽ溣òǰˣȻ֪Լⶫ֮϶Ȼǰⶫ˵ûκεĲ֮˸˵κ
ԼĶӾЩˣ˼ǰ㣬ȻԷֻһڣ˽˵˺ݺݵһ٣˼ҼȻˣڵˣҲҪ֮ϵĹҪڹٳϲϹʵϱµ潻һǫ̃ûǸļƣôڹٳϻ
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ԱѩǺǵЦţ·ǳĺЦڲ˶֪ˣ˻֪ⶫԼҲԸ˵溣֪
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пտҪҳԷûٿԱѩҶƽԷˡ
溣ŹֵѸưԼĶӱҲÿֻѸưѸãһЩӡ
عֳ¶ѹܴٿᣬȷܷλãԱоץ
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Ƶ֮ⶫŮѾˣǸСܣһʱûע⣬ûȥˣϴͷԸڸıң˰ҵˡ
ʱⶫǸŮѾϣ˯ڴ˯ⶫͱ˴ˣۣͷҲˡ
֮󣬺ϴʹˣ֮ڶ֪˴εĶӣŵˡ
־ܵ飬ҹĹеһҳⷿץסȻŴ˵СҲȫץƻˡ
ƻԺ󣬳¶溣㱨溣ľ¶ʵؽ˳
һ溣űŮܵ￪Ϊԭ򱻴ˣͷҪҪǴ˳ȥ˳Ц
溣һ˵»֪û
һʣ¶ֻʵ˵참Ա඼֪ⶫûи𣿡
溣һϣ²Ҫ⴫ǰ참Ա֪ˡ
Ը¶룬ôܱܵˣܶ˶֪ˣ溣ǰ˵ֻӦš
صҽԺ溣ⶫ֮󣬲ⶫƣô£ΪʲôһĵŮ˵ݹ죿
Լʣⶫ֪ûˣֻ溣˵ϵ£ʾԼһʱ˾ƣûסջģҲãԲ¡
溣ΪʲôôһȥȾƣⶫ߿֮½˳溣֪ⶫ֮Գԭ߿Ҳйصġ
Ƿŭû뵽߼һô飬ȻԼӻ겻ģԼĵ㲻ã䲻ǼҵŮ
Ҫ͸˵˵溣֮󣬱뿪ҽԺⶫ˳ȥ
ⶫ֮ҵ֪Ϣ󣬴߼ǰⶫⶫʱһĳĬǸ߿ûǰԼˣˣ˵ֻᷢʲô£Ծû
溣֪߿֮ûⶫ֮иǲˣص˴칫ңֱӸȥһ绰ⶫ߿֮
ʱѾ˵ⶫ֮԰ԭˣ֪֮ø߿ľǶԵģⶫûнȻȥͱŮȥ죬߿Ǹ
һӵ溣ĵ绰ʲô£˵µĻͰѸ߿ֱ˵һ£ûϵ溣һڱⶫ߿
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溣˵Ϊ£ⶫҲᱻ˴򣬵ڿûϸߣö𣿡
һ溣ⶫ˸߿ϣǲϲˣ˵ôˣⶫԼ㣬ŷ£˵Ҫǽ£ǲǵ飿
Ըʣ溣һʱеǿӲ˵ⶫΪܾҲȥұŮˣ


219 
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˶Ҫ쵼һЩ˵̫ף溣Ȼзߺޣˣָʲôûˣⶫڻ߿ͬŻ£ջҲκβ˸߼ˣο
溣һҶ˵绰ɫ䣬֪Ӵ֮ҵĹϵͬİ·֪ˣͲӦԥ溣ߣһЩǽµԭǼңǿʶˡ
ԼǳسҲʵȨɣȻ溣ʵǿϾѾ˴Σ˾˶ߣʹ˽ҲûʲôµģǷ˹ϣ²Ǽҡ
룬ƽһ飬ûȥ¡
ⶫˣҽԺĸɲ˵֮󣬰Ҳ۲ѣȫЦˣķǾⶫѳɴ;ҲӰ죬һҶĹ۸Ѹ½Ҳûãûʲôչǰ;ˡ
ΰ֪ºǸеùԼ˭˭ѵԼһɨǣⶫȻûԺĸɲ϶Ʋ쵼֪ҲпȻ溣Ķӣ溣һ찡
˵˸еЩɥֻܵⶫ˺֮ٿһڻСһΪá
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Щ㱨ĸɲҶƽȻеЩɲ⣬ոίǣڵӰ쵽ȶʱûж˵뷨
ͳվһְþûаˣţλһֱ骵ģھ͸˰ɣȱְ붯ˡ
뷨Ҷƽ㽫ճ֯ίԱپô£Ȼٿ˵ίᡣ
ٿί֮ǰҶƽٿһǰ칫ᣬپμӣⶫûϰ⣬༸ǸǶμˡ
ҶƽȻͬ£ȫڰìͷǶ׼ⶫģ˵ⶫ£˭ˣȻⶫԵУͲҶƽʲôìܣҲû
ҶƽεˣϵȻҪһ£ֻΰ糤ûǲǵо
뵽⣬Ҷƽһ۵糤Ǳ˵˵Լ
һ仰ͰˣΰϢģս˵ûʲô
ǳ˳ǰ칫֮ͨڵίϣΰⶫΰҲûҷʲôԵ骵ͳվһְͨˡ
һ˵Լڵͳվ骸˵볣ӵŮԵöǳ˷ܣҶƽĵλԽԽȹ̣ܵͳվҲ˵ϵǿһǳ˵¡
㣬˵ӦôлһҶǣ˷ܹ򳣷˵
ɨһۣʵôл
Էô
ЦЦһٷ˼Ҹˣ
˵ҪôлҪɡ
仰ɵ˵ڣɫ˺죬ǺǵЦӣ֪ƽʱЩʲô߰Ķˡ
У˼ƽˣ˼Ҳͬ⣬ҪˣҸղź㿪Цģƽ㣬лģúùˡЦһ¡
һЦҲͲ˵ص㣬ΪҲ֪һЩ£ϴƽȥǣû
ӣҲ˺죬˭ҽͷģŤ
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ص˵ͷóĻеҪúùԱҶƽ֮ģ˵Ķûõ飬˵ĵλѾ޷Ҷƽƽƽˣ湤ҶƽҪġ
ĸɲһͳվоޱȵĽûа취˭˼ҵҶƽһ칫ҵͬ£һֱҶƽãԭû۹⣬۹Ļʱ͸ҶƽãҶƽǣǿ϶Ҫ֪ͼģ˵ʲôûˡ
ͳվﵱȻЩζͬ¶һһˣҪȵʲôʱ
ҶƽԺⶫŵ֪ϢϣûɵȻˣΰ㱨Ժ󣬾͸еﲻҶƽǹûڣ骸ȥˣһõǽƻķԣҲûصȥ
ⶫ޺޵£ͲϳԺصȥ
һ£ⶫڳԺԺԺڼϢ죬㼱Żصҿصһ뵽Ů˹챻˴飬͸еǳĺЦ
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ڻûʽ糤Ҫ˴ѡ٣ɼ˴֪£ʱҪǲͶƱˡ
ҲŻԭ֮һ骵ȥˣڵÿŰ¡
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Լİ칫ⶫ绰Ǹϰ壬˺ôһԷŽⶫֱʵϰ壬Щɳʲôģʲôʱ͹
һᵽ£ǸϰǺǺЦ糤𼱣˾Щţܲٵһӣ


220 ⶫĽ
һϰ˵ⶫϾǲˣ˵ӦôôⶼһˣҴӦҵôܷڣ
ϰ糤ڹ˾ǲţмʿûҲҪȰ칫ҵɳӸ͹ȥ࣬һһô
ⶫһҪ죬˵Ұ칫ŪˣûŪǸҪ˵ңʹ㵽ŪŪ
ϰѹܴΪ˴ⱾȻⶫ糤һ˴εӣǿʲô棬ԸⶫðһµɳӣǸ˶Ūһǳɱ̫󣬶ίҶƽû棬ֲⶫһ˵ңǮȥˣŪʲôôǿˣ
ڲȷʵˣҲͷͲٰ£ⶫһʱ޷شˡ
糤ٵһȣץ졣ϰֻӦţⶫ̫ա
شⶫֻȴӦȻл𣬵Ҳǿ˸칫豸
µ绰ⶫȻЩеԼʱ˷ǳѣ˼ҸˣҲò˳°첻ã϶ҪţΪ²Ρ
룬ⶫһЩ飬˿һҶƽڵ糤ʱΪץùʵģҲȥץһץùô
һ绰ѰƽⶫԼȥӲһȫĹҵҵΪһľù׼
Ҫ󣬰ûʲôⶫİ칫ҳ֮ܵҶƽİ칫㱨һ´¡
ҶƽһⶫҪӲ쾭ϵĹһ룬ԸȥӲ죬ӲˣھùзһãȫĹҲǺõġ
õҶƽɣƱⶫ׳֪ⶫҪӲ칤һûʲô׼ӦһⶫӲ졣
׳֮ⶫһǷģ۾֮ǰû볣棬ʱ̣ûȫˣһоɢâ
糤λ׳Ĺһֱġƾⶫܵ
ⶫ¶΢Цò
ⶫһ˫һа񣬳Ķʱеһ񣬲Ȼǲɫص糤佱ˡ
˵ôһ䣬ⶫĴһӪⶫĿһֱͣڳϣھĳӹûжģֻʡ
Ժⶫ򳣷ָǳҪע߾Ч棬ЧˣĲܵõĹۣÿҪϽȻ֧ҵķչ
׳ЧȻǰҶƽ˼׳ҪΪȺڷģƬ׷гҪǵȺ볧֮ƽ⣬еҶƽƶģҪһ߾Ч棬ѶȺܴ󣬶ҳûϽֻǽ˰գӵʵķֺ죬Ļְܼ͵ũĻԣⶫҪϽȻٷ֧ҵķչҶƽҪΥġ
ⶫĻ˵糤ĿǰľЧȽϾ⣬Ҫһ߾Ч棬ҪĻǾͲܰϽҶҪġ
һᵽҶƽҪⶫ϶ʱͲˣ˵ǴҪģ׷󾭼Ч棬ǾûдڵıҪǰϽǳӵʾģȻôʱһͲ·𣿡
һ˵Ͳˣ˵糤ʲô˼ǻ᷸ʲô׳ĴҲͶ̣Ͷ̵ǮԶͶǮͶҲȫϽ˵ǲͬ⡣
ⶫŽ׳ץУó󽻵һӾͻˣҪþͬУӾЧ򲻹ڵ˵ûп̫࣬ӪҵҪҪ߾Ч棬ҲûпǵȺ⣬û뵽һССĳֱӶײͬ
˿ףⶫĵûһȥԺٽоǳԼ˵㣬˵㣬ͶǵҵҲҪָӣǡ
һⶫ̬ȣʲôҲ˵ˣҶƽûжԳӵľָֻţǷóһõľӪλɺãյ糤ָֻţ泧ӵľӪԺôӪȥ
ⶫ֮󣬳Ҷƽİ칫㱨ⶫӲҶƽһĻ㱨üͷⶫûµӲ죬˽һͿˣôұ̬ţϽش£ίоǸܵõʵеģʾѵһҲίͨ飿
һ룬ҶƽȻȥù£ӸôӪôӪĻ㡣
Ҷƽ仰ȥⶫϹָʾԺôôˡ
ⶫ뿪׳֮󣬱ȥ˺ҩҵԺҩĸ˾ͳӴ˿뵽ҵʣҲûʲô˵ģһ뻹ǶǸ˵һϣټӴͶʣǻǸŻߡ
Ǹ˱ʵ֪ﻹʲôŻߣ
ⶫһʱ벻𵽵ҪʲôŻߣ˵Ծ飬ؼҪӴͶʡ
˵ӴͶʵ²ܾģʲôµŻߣҿ˾ӳ
ⶫ˵֣뿪˺ҩҵæȥӣ˸о糤ôе㲻ŵᣬΪ˼
뿪ҩҵⶫȥˮ೧Ժ󣬼˳ӵĸˣһ̾ҵôͶڵĳӾǲһҶƽҵ˲ò
ȻҶƽǳޣǿҵⶫǲɵظ֮̾̾һ룬ҵȫתˣҶƽɾǸӵˣҶƽĿľʹﲻˡ
üͷⶫ˵˵ϰնǻһЩ
˲Ե˵ʲô
ⶫռϰյĵأϰûеõЩ
Ӹϵ飬޹أЭġ
ⶫصҲҪǵϰյЭûмڹһҪ˽һζԴµġ


221 ·
ⶫ̬óӸ˸еǳͶʣ֧֣ⶫΪ糤ӦҲֲ֧ǣȴ˵£Υ֮ǰЭ飬ƺڹǡ
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ڲ׵ص糤Ҫٿί𣿡
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һ룬ڱ˵糤ҪȥȺͰ˵һ֪ͨвУ֪ͨ𲻵á


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Ц糤ҲĻϵôֻһͨĵ칤Աϳеˡ
һۣⶫСܣ֪һͨĵ칤ԱֻҪ㣬൱ڵΣ㲻Ҫż£ֻҪúҵĻ
ⶫĻڲһջ֮⣬зһ룬ڻһʱԾϣⶫǿӲ̬ȣûѡ
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֪֮ͨҵưⶫҪ߶ֺһ£ð֪
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һȥҶƽȥˣⶫҪʲô칫ᣬ֪ҪʲôҶƽ֪һ¡
ҶƽĻ㱨Ҳһ֪ⶫҪʲôУҪᣬԼҲû취ֹȲҪҪЩʲô
ⶫԼİ칫п칫ᣬ糤ͿƼ糤İ칫ҡ
ŴҶ֮󣬱˵ټҿһλ飬칫ᣬǶҪٿ칫ᣬڵίͬԼһЩشٿίᣬ濪ʼᡣ
ⶫͻȻٿν칫ᣬĸ糤һĪ֪ͨʱΪǿίᣬֻΪʲôҪⶫİ칫ҿˣԭν칫ᣬⶫҪʲôأ
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ͬǿ׳£ⶫǳˣһͬоˮ೧ռص£Ͼ
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һ˵Աѩϸѯΰһʼ˲Ը˵ΰ֮飬ǾܲסԱѩʣ㽫ΰ֮ľ˳


226 ΰ
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ڰ칫еЩ겻ҶƽйȥȡͶֻҪһͶʲôûˣ򲻵ǲ£ʲô֪ôȥƽ£
ȥⶫ˵һ˵£ⶫҲ֪ˣⶫ϶ûã˼ҵǮƵðⶫһʱ̰¡
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ƽһ£ڣΰûʲôоԼЩľԱˣ˵пҶƽթԼҿʱûϡ
ΰеҵʱҶƽİ칫ˣ˶ؼίĹԱҶƽ֣ؼί־ʾһݲϽǰ
Ҷƽ˿־µʾ֪ΰ±ؼίˣڼǶԲϽһºʵȻ󾭹һЩϵľֱʽΰ飬˵ġ
ҶƽʲôҲû˵һ绰ΰԼ칫һˡ
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˻׺䶥ΰоЩǳס侲װ̹ȻǿЦҺʵʲôûΥΥͣǲʵ
İ˶ЦҶƽ˵ȥ̸̸ɡ
ΰİ˵ԱߵĻң˱ΰһ̸
̸аСʱؼίԱ͹ҶƽҪΰһ飬Ҷƽͷͬǵ֧Ͱ
ΰǲ쵼ӳԱҶƽǵίǣҪ˴ߣҪк±Ҷƽ汨ģȻʲôͬ⡣
ΰͱؼί˴ˣղ̸Ĺ̵Уȡ˻ؿ۵£̬ȣؼίȻǳŭͷҲܶ˵ʲôȻֻнһ顣
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ⶫһ֪£ǾҪ֪²ȥˣԼȥ첻Ǻܺ𣿹ˡ
Һΰ֮ûʲôĹϸֲ岻׵Ĺϸ𣬼ʹԼӱţʱҲƲϵŪһ
£һЩģŪôҲ֪ôΰ£˵Ҳڻʲôô
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²Լ˵ⶫһʱ֮оʮֵľɥԭʮȫˣ겻˲ȡʲôҪҶƽ¿ûʲôϷˡ
ΰؼί֮ҲӲ£Сؼί˵ĹҲС˲֪ǼĪΪǾ仰ȻֻǸ֪ҦΰҲһͬȥģ۲쵽ĶҲָ֤ʼղϣҦΰЭ顣
Ҧΰһؼί˾ŵòᣬæԼȡ·˵˳ұʾʱǲԸҪģΰŵģΰʲôȻûпǿ϶Ҳˣûκζ
Ҧΰ֤£ΰڱòؼίȡ˺ôԪʵһϣӾͿԽˣؼί㽫ƽһ
һͽأΰ;ҲˣͬʱҪΡҦΰؼίֻ֮صһεľŵòᡣ
һΰҦΰؼί飬ҽվվյһӻԾصָ˵غ˵
ţҦΰεĲˣлˡЦ˵
ոճ극ʰһϵĶ̧ͷյҦΰǻؼίû鴦
Цôؼί죬˵˼һ·ֵ߰ǧǮƨҲɾ˻ټ
۾һӷ˹⣬˵һ·ֵ߰ǧǮʲô·ôֵǮ


227 溣
۾ģЦټ֣Ǯϴǧ·ҦΰҲ߰ǧǮ·ҴһʱǸǻˡ
ʲô᣿Ժ߰ǧǮ·ģȴ
յҦΰĲ϶ˣȥô
عʵ𣿲쵼ĸ񻹲ôһ㣡
ͬ˾ͷ˵ΪҶ˵ңβǲͷԺûƲˣ
ĲӣЦָĶͷ˵ôţ
һѽ§ڻţҰæ
յĻվһ۵ǲˣҪԼȥ
Ťƨڼȥռæ׷ȥţβȥ˵һȥһأ
Ťͷһʵʲôĵģ
պǺһЦסҵţҵȻˣҿˣȥֻȥҶ˵仰
ѿһʵȥҶ˵仰˵ʲôã
ЦŵȥҶǣǼҳԷһҶǵĸ飬Ը˵ϷǾͲ˵ˡ
Էת۾룬о̫ˣѵҶƽһٷβ
㲻ΰɣԷ¾ܰɣʵ
յһô֪У˼ҶǲգԷ϶ȥֻ뵽ǼԵóǵĳֻҪҶһĸɲ֪ˣͲˡ
ӣ֪˵ʲôˣôܽҶƽ뵽ԼԷ
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ԼҶƽһȥǣҶƽ׼¡
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Խ㣬㻹£Ҷƽߵӣֻһ䡣
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һҪԷҶƽЦʲôķһʳõķóԣʳóͦõġ
߽һԵ˼ǵ꣬ǵǼԣԸҶԣ
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һҶƽûпգʱʧҶƽǲֻǸһ£²ӲÿʵϿܲȥҳԷ
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ԷĿĽ˳ҶƽһһʶԷûĿĵģ㱨ǻ㱨Ե칫ΪʲôҪȥ
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ҶƽûΪ˵⻰Ҳûбֳӣ֮ҶƽһʶĿˣﲻˣûбֳˣŪɳ׾ˡ
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ֻҦΰ˭أ
һϵϿ϶ԼȽ׽˵Σ׽˾ǳ骻ǿˣмһβǿԵģҲģҪҦΰˣҪмһ
溣վڼⶫһͨƢⶫվԱߣһҲҶǼʮԪ칫Ѹҵ溣֪ˣ˴ǼͷҲ֪溣ҪǮûһת˲¡
Щϼһǿ溣Ϲϵϣȥ˳ˡ
£溣ܲⶫеһ٣ⶫҲǲҶ˵Լϵģ
úһ㿴ʲôϯ̵ǣΪ쵼Ҫѧ⣬øɲ㿴⣬õĸɲǸΰ²࣬ôһ𣡡溣غǳⶫ
ⶫ˳ӣ˵һû˿ãֻǽҵˣ˭
溣ָҲ˭ȥ˶ŵףЩҪԼȥУôôȥ£ֱزһЩûôߣǮۿڻֻǴ糤Ҫѡ٣ȥѡһضпͨ
ⶫһ糤ίģͷ˭Ҳͨ
溣㶮ʲôΪ˴ֻƤͼ£ҲҪԹԵģһ糤㣬ѡͨʱ޵ĵطҲ
ⶫŵصҵ糤ѡͨǾҶƽΣҶƽίǣҪһڸ㣬ҪеҪΣʱί϶Ĳ


228 ȡĿ
ⶫҶƽߺ޵ӣ溣̾һеȥһҶƽ񲻶ܸùҶƽ
˼ҿ϶Ÿ㣬ίľҲ嶤ϴ㱻£Ѿ𲻺õӰ죬ڰѡίҲ˵ʲôףӴһֱҶƽмӣʱôܻ׷Σڿʼ㲻ҪκεĶʵʵԼĹûУ溣ⶫ
Լصⶫֻõ˵ͷҪĻҪ˳糤ĻǴҪġ
ҶƽףӴһȥ˾ǣ˾֮ϵ֪֪ףӴһˣнӴ
֪֮ףӴҲʮֵĸˣҪһĸƽ֪ͷҶƽֱȥྩ
ƽʱֺУƽϲȥҶƽףӴ
һӣֻõȥྩֱȥƽ
ྩҶƽףӴһڰ칫ƽҶƽȻǼףӴȴûмҶƽһܣ֪Ƕصĸĸ١
ЦףӴ֣ƽкһ£ǵһˮ
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ƽ֪ʲôæ˵СҶʲô¾˵ֻҪΧ֮ڵģҰæˡ
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ڳԷĿյƽЦܲܰæ֧һµطľý裬Щ湤ͬ־ʮ࣬ǧǣȡһĿܲܰæˡ
⼸쵼һĿʽ˭ŪһǮ֧Ҷƽ·ֻǽͨĸһЩ
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⽻ͨĸһϻͷƽ֪ģǼϣģֻÿǸƶĸΣæˡ
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һ˵һ¹ҶƽףӴҲǸ˵عƣϷƽӹܰµˡ
ƽʾлףӴҲǴƶ츱αʾлƶ츱˹ֱʾҵ
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ƽĬһ£˵һҪүүģҪȥҼðɣ
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ҶƽʾҪƽû˵ʲôˡףӴ֪û˵ʲô
ڶ죬ҶƽףӴһϢһȥһЩ˽£ףӴͬѧھǵһЩС뷨ϵһ£ҶƽϵһƽѩһڵȻ֮ϵˣǻһ
һ绰ȴƽѩԭĺŴͨˣеֻ֣Ȱѵ绰Ľ
Ľӵĵ绰֪˾ǣӴĽԺҶƽʵĽܣƽѩھ𣿡
ĽоƽѩЦȥȥˣ֪ʲôʱ
ԭǳˣֲõ绰ûдͨҶƽЦЦûʲô˾ϵһ£Ҳûϵ𣿡
˵£ĽЩ벻ͨƽѩ˼ΪԼ˵˵ģȴͻȻһԵسˣ֪ﵽôģҶƽ˵
ĽЦЦҲһûϵˣ˵ˣǸҩĿڽôˣ
ҶƽͶ˰ɣŪĿ·ͲᱧԹǵ·ˣǺǣ


229 Ľ̸
֪ҶƽȡĿģĽһҶƽͰƽ¸һ˵ﵹ΢΢һҶƽСȡƽ֧֡
һ죬ҶƽΪܸɣĽԽԽ˼Ȼ˼Ů֮˼ǲ˶Ҷƽ;õ˼ȻҶƽڻֻһƼɲʱգ˵ϸ߼ɲС
Ȼ֪߼ɲвô׵ģУҪ˵ЯҶƽڻȱľܴаһæػΪá
ƽ֪֪ƽѩļͥĽͻȻ뵽⡣
Ҷƽֻ֪ƽѩƽԶŮǲ֪ĺ˵ƽǵŮ𣿡
Ľ֪ƽԶ˭Ķ𣿡
ҶƽҲ֪Ҳûƽѩ
Ľ˿˵ҸɣƽԶƽĶӣƽӦ֪ɣ
ĽͻȻ˵飬Ҷƽеһ˵ǲǾЩ֮һ
ĽЦƽιĹίĳίϸˣƽѩʶԵ֡
һԵ֣ҶƽЩ̾Ľ漴˵㲻ҪᣬҪ˵ǸԵֲǸԵ֣ƽѩƽԶŮƽŮ˵⻰˰ɣ
Ȼ֮ĽлӣҶƽϵıʱ˵ҰƽѩԼѣԶũĶӡ
ҶƽһۣĽ΢ЦҶƽǳĴҲǳľǿ˵⻰һЩ£֪ô
ǵҶ֪ɣ˵⻰ĽҶƽһ֡
ҶƽھԴ˵Ȼһ̵֪˵ҲҶ
ĽЦҶ˼ҵҶɲͬ˼ǽ֦ҶʲôҶ
һڷ絲ҶĽСЩʲô˼ĽĻҶƽﲻˣ˼Ͷʣһ¡
Ҷƽĺǿе㷴˵ĻĽæ㬵ЦЦһ״˵ᣬûаȵ˼ǵҶڻĿ׹ҶҵĵҶԭǻĹίĸΣʢһӽҶΰƽѩǳã㲻ҸЩɣ
˵˼ҶƽĽͣһ¡
һʣҶƽûǾؿ飬ƽѩĺܶ¶һ֪ĽЩ飬ȻееַϣǺʹȥ
û̫Ľ˵֪һ֮սͬ־֮ĹϵԼĺ϶ϣߵһⲢʲôŵԵ˼֮ĹϵͨϰҲϣԼսѵĺӽؽ֮ã˵ǲǣ
ҶƽؿĽһ˵ĽС㣬˵˰죬Ҫ˼
Ľζصֻһ˼ϣ˵Щܶ;ѵ㲻ԸҽЩ𣿡
ҶƽһƽصЩ;ʲô֮
ĽǺһЦҪȥôˣƽ˽ɣ
Ҷƽ΢΢һ˽ʲô
Ǻǣʲô֪ƽƽԶһϸĺ׷ԭĹίίԱϽЩڻĶû˸ǵƽҺ׼Ҷ˽˵Ժ᲻;а
ҶƽΪ֮һȻĽ˵ĻЩֱȴǸ֪Ϣһ뵽֪ͷϪ£һµƽ׶ףΪʲô֪ͷϪȴһΣһշ룿
ĽǺһЦͲ˽һ˵뷨֪֮ΪΣ̵գϪշգʵƽ׷ղףƣ֪һƣһ˿˵ǰټˣ׷õǻûٸĹΪ˳·磬ĸҲǺձ飬ԭ򡣡
ҶƽΪʲôϪô࣬ĽЩǳ˽⣬˵ǰͨˣŮ˵Ǻ˼һҵҵŮΪʲôҪ˽ôٳϵĶ
˲ľ裬ҶƽĽĽûע⵽뷨˵ϴǸٲҲͷ֮ʲôìʵΪǣҪСĵ֮һ㲻ǳݸֻС;ߵԽԽԶ˼ҴһܽܣⲻΣǿ㣬ʵǵغ˵Щ飬֮Ը˵Щ飬Ϊҿǰ;ԸΪһЩ֪Լ;ҪȥãǲĶҪѧα⣬ȥƽһľٶȻԴΪʲôȥأƽԶǱߣ㵹Ҳǿһ£ƽѩǱ㲻Ҫ룬ⲻǴ㣬Ϊá
ҶƽȻվ˵ĽСǾ𣿡
ҶƽЩɫӣĽȻ£˵ƽˣ֧ˣԸעǧǶ˽ҩҵȫ֧ҪƽԶٽһһߣĻܾܿͻʧȥᣬоúܿ죬ڻ㣬ܿͻ컨壬ֻͻ컨ܸһ㣬ݼţһҪס
ĽĻҶƽĽĻ𾪣Ϊڴ֮ǰûԼߵһܵθίѾǲˣĽȴ˸һƬأѾǿƼɲٽһشɲˣǾ쵼ˣĽ۵ƺشеĽһҰĵŮˣΪԸٳǧ֧ĹĿʲôѵǽΪ˰
ĽһۣҶƽסĿ⣬ͻȻʵĽС㣬ΪʲôҪôңͶʵĳʲô
һҶƽ£ĽһЦҶƽ㲻ǴˣǱӦҵͶˣȴ֪ҵĶ˲˲˵֮ȥͶΪƽѩô룿
һֱ⿪ΪƽѩԭĽʹ˵Ҳµó߰˷ֱ֣˵˳Ǹˡ
ûʲô뷨ڳʵĻҲᷴԣҲװ˼ҵĶ飬Ҳܵ˵ӣҶƽֳһ־ǿ֮
ҶƽǿӣĽΪȻصѵ㲻ϣƽѩ֧㣿


230 ʳж
Ҳ뱻˲ݣǸСﲻԼ뷨˸ȡõһϣԼŬģǱʩģ֪Ŀģ޷ҵһľż˨صرQʼӲģҶƽˣߵزȻҸ˵ĻҲҸ˵Ŭڣϣʶҵ쵼ϣĻҵˣĽС㣬ǵ̸Ϊֹ͵ûҹ㣡
Ҷƽ˵֮վֱȥֻعͷĽ˵˾ĽС㣬ҶҲǴ󽫾Ҳǽ֦Ҷ
˵ͷҲصˣĽһʱûзӦؿȥΪԼ˵Щ飬ӦлԼǣŪ˰ȴǸ
û뵽벻Ҷƽһ˲˲ݵˣԼ̫Сˣ
и̾˼ĽһһĴܸУԼǰҶƽٵæȻֻΪƽѩԵʣҲǰˣԸٳǧȴˣˣǲеɵ
ֺúõһ£øղŵǾ仰е˵ˣᵽƽѩᷴӦ˼ңƽѩôеЩ˸ˡ
Ҷƽ߳ĽһԷĿһھǵĽֵϣһʱеͷɵģһƬ룬Ҫ˵ĽĻźܴջԭڵֻһͨĹԱڵһȨ絳ίǣһȽϿ;ĽԸаһϸӹ̨˵ʲôⶼǺ£ǴСүүͽ̵Ե޹˼ҵĶ飬ǮծûծûԵ޹ʵĶ鱳˵ʲôĶһ۾ͿĽһҰĲŮˣڰƽѩԭ֮⣬ͼ
ȻڹٳϲǲݱˣǱݣĽΪһˣȴȾָΣԱ˵ĽϽǺܿµģȻûǲҲµõ˵õ˹Աıӻ϶Ҫ׬һЩĵǮԱõ˵϶ҪΪȨ˾ͻˡ
ԼĹԱʹֻһССίǣҲЩΨͼݣһߡ
Щ飬ҶƽƽѩӰоԺ󲻻ƽѩκεϵˣ߿ԼôĹģԼһҪúõضԴ
ȥڱĶûȥܿͻָ飬Żص֮Ĺһ߿һ绰֪ȥ˾ǣ߿ӵ
ҶƽæЦŴӦˣڱû£ٳȥһ߿·ʲôġ
˵죬ףӴԼͬѧҶƽƽһ绰˵Ȼȥˣˡ
ҶƽĻóֻƽȥһ绰ƽһӵ绰֮󣬱һϢҷƶǱһƶ·ĿʽǧǸԸæǻȥϢĻ͸ǡ
һǧĿҶƽףӴ˶ǳĸˣЩǮһЩʡصһˣƽܰ°
õϢ֮ףӴҶƽһ˶أ·ϿҶƽһЩ·ףӴЦǸ˭ģҶƽЦ˵ܣ
һ˵ܵӣףӴЦͲҪɳʵˡ
ص֮Ҷƽеƽⶫϵʼֵ͵ˣʲô¶ɣίԱҶƽڼʾʲô飬̬Լһտʼʱȫˡ
ӣҶƽһΪⶫûгԼûڼϹڶңһȴǶûиɻЩջ
ѻһЩ飬ҶƽѸŴţһʱڰ칫æòֺʱФͻȻ˵绰æһӣֻФƽˣѧˣ
Ҷƽæʲôˣ
ФеܽصѧʳóԷжڶԺˣ³ˣץɣ
һѧж£ҶƽеͷԷ飬Ϊ쵼µǳּ¼ο⻹һЩѧԼΪ糤Ҫһΰ
һ룬ҶƽͻȻʶԼڲ糤ˣŵ糤£һʱ֮ǶЩͿˣ뵽ϴ绰Ƶ糤һȥѧ
Ʋ֪ʲô£ӹ绰Ժȥⶫ¥֮ȴǷⶫûڰ칫ңһ绰ⶫȴҲûнӣ֪ԼҶƽôܲӵ绰
ûа취ֻȥҶƽҶƽʱ߳칫ңһ۾Ϳʵ糤أ
Ƶ糤ڣ绰Ҳӡ
ôӣҶƽüͷⶫԭû£ڼֱˣ绰ȻҲӡ
֪鶼û˽ӣƵ
ҶƽóֻҲⶫֻû˽ӣǼ˹ˣԼĵ绰ȻҲӣ
ˣҶƽŰһȥѧѧҶƽͿФкѧУԺͷĴ󺹣ѧһԺ顣
һֳҶƽæʵܹжж
Ф˵ͳһ£жʮˡ
ʮˣҶƽФֻش𣬸ٹ˼ʲôͬѧ֮ӣʵ
Фгһ£˵Ŷʮˣ
ʲôţ׾ˣжѧʳԷԷûȫжЩûУҶƽԳ·ǳջФΪֹܽ쵼ѧУѴ̡
ҶƽӣФɫͨ죬Ϊֹ쵼£º׷һܲҲǸҶƽ鷳ˣеơ
ԺվԱߴҳҶƽӡ󲻺ãΪҶƽѧѵ°ҶƽĲᣬҺҶƽûжѧУУˣ
ѧУУ֪֪ҶƽԺ
ԺҲǺͿ˵һҶƽ֪Ҳ˷磬ͷ˵϶ԱʦȫУѧŲ飬֤еѧֻҪж֢״ҽֵܳ飬еѧܾһʱû£ʳжһ̣һҪ֤ЩжԵѧȫҽ
Ҷƽ´ФкԺ˼æʦѧѯѧУʳóԷֻҪʳóԹģ̴ȥԺ
ѧУһ£ҶƽǰԺ֮ȴԺûֳоΡ
Ҷƽ֮¥㣬İ칫ңȴǷ֣ڹϣȻںһŮʿε졣
һƿſһĻҶƽʵ޿ˣһƻϣʲô


231 ԺҪ
Ҷƽŭ¥㣬ŮʿվûӦƿ󣬴˵վŸʲôϿȥ
æȥҲҿҶƽҶƽȥ˳һǸСʿֺмɫĲ˳ʺûȡϴεĽѵ
Ժ豸ȽϼªҶƽѧ˿мжȽصѧĳҽԺ
˰죬ûԼãҶƽģѧʱûѯԼõ飬ھһûԼЩѧС
ԺѧҶƽҽԺмƣٷصһתԺдһмѧѧУʦǵŲ飬ַһЩ
Щ£ҶƽФи£ȻصٿһίᣬһͨȻʵĴѧǳ£ҳǿ϶ҪҵѧУҵⷽӦ׼ȻҪﱨһ顣
ص֪ͨίԱϯ飬ʱ˵ľͲˣԱһҶƽֻ飬ðͨ顣
ǰμӻίԱ£ҲǺܽţ£ŲõӰ죬Ҫһ¡
ǿʱȴǷⶫΰ˶ڣ˵糤ҪҪΣⶫؼʱôܲأ
ҶƽҲû˵ʲôҵȻҲ£ҶƽҪҪίԱʱҪϵѧУԺע̬չȷȫȶ
ЩҶƽ˷ֹȻФи𣬵ǷֹּңؼʱҶҪ
Щ飬Ҷƽȥﱨһ飬ȥҽԺһЩжصˣʱŸȫⶫϵڣֻȫΣüĹ
ȫʹشӦˣͲⶫΪܴ֣ε糤ҶƽĻ֮æӦˡ
Ӧ֮ҶƽһǰسǣҲðˣڼ︺顣
س֮ҶƽίֹĽ㱨ѧµ£ӵıԺҲǺܳԾͼæ绰ؽ֣ؽֳæϵίȻҶƽͬҽԺѧ
ҶƽææȥⶫΪʲôûг֣ɵرһҶǣⶫأôû
Ҷƽⶫ˵ûϵ¡
û£ҽԺѧ֮ؽһ˽һ﷢顣
ѧУ֮ȿ˿ѧȻѧУ˵Ҫһ飬һѧʳжԭͬʱͨȫأѧУע⡣
Ҷƽ̬һϺĵ飬·ڲ磬絳ίŲжΣԸеΣƺĹ
Ҷƽı̬Ͷһ֮⣬ҶƽǰûκεѣҪ˵ⰲȫӦΣⶫûеΣµ̬ȡ
ҶǣҲûǵ˼ȻˣǾҪȥԴ¹ʷԭԭ֮󣬸˭е˭еž¼ٴη̬º͵Ҷƽ˵
ͶĿ⣬Ҷƽͷһٲָӡ
鷢ֵļʱҶƽֳõûκжѧҽͬʱʱжصѧתԺƣûз̫飬ȫѧȫԺѧҳµҲûзеļҳȻǾȰ֮ƽϢϾѧû̫ܵ˺Ҳͷġ
ⶫ˵ڶϰʱ֪ѧ£Ͼһ亹⵹Ϊ뵽ҪеʲôΣһ뵽췢ʱΰسһ¿ɣɣϴ裬绰Ƿ¹ģƺҶƽ绰ʱû
ɣõʱ򣬿˿ֻϵδ磬һǰƺҶƽģûô⣬˰ɣãϱȽƣֱӻؼ˯ȥˡ
ڶһϰ࣬˵飬һ뵽ԼʱͷǸеסҪ֪ΰһϴɣõĻٵѹǾʹˡ
ΰװûµӣøʲôǸʲôⶫһӣƽҲװģȥһжѧ
ĵפѧУԸ¼е飬ԺڵĵҪϴӲĻʳõĹȴû̫£ʳõĳа֮Ų׵ĹϵʲôѧУУҪ군ˡ
ؽǣͷͷȫЭֻ¹ʵԭȻݷ¹ʵԭдûϵǣڵ¹ԭͬʱȴǷְ⡣
ΪίǾͷһΪ飬˷ӳԺʳõĳа֮ʮֽܵϵԺְܿΪ
֪һҶƽ˻㱨ҶƽһԺǴŽ۾󣬹Ͼؼί㱨鹤䡣
㽫һؼίίû˫ɲȨֻЭͲ鴦΢Υ͵ȨҪ뽫Ժ˫棬뱨ؼίؼί׼ȡ˫ʩ
ؽֵֻ¹ʷԭ򣬶¹ʵԭܿͲˣԭʳõĳаΪ˼ٳɱ׬һЩĵǮһЩڵʳϼ˷ʳУѧ֮еʣж
Һû˵ʳõĳа̿϶ҪΣؼίԱʱ򣬳ڼԼεͽ֮Ҫٳɱʳϵ˵˳ҪԺǮаĳɱˣ˵ԺǮҲôලˣԲŵķ
Ժ⼸һֱǱȽ֪չһֻУһְûʲôԶɽ𣬵Լʳóа֮±¶˳
ˡ
ФҶƽİ칫ҲǷǳľɥ飬»еһΣ˵ҲԤϲµĻץסţίԱǾ͵ˣҲҶƽãо̫ûˣôͷ£
Լǰʮ־ɥӣҶƽɵ䣺͸㣬Ժ㲻Ҫ̫һЩһҪԼȥһ£ǲڷ飬˵ô죿ξҪ¸ҵȥеεȻ䵽ͷϣƺĹľͲҪˣ


232 
ԺѧУУұؼίĹԱ߽ܵ飬Ϣܿ촫ԺϢһֱǳɥФиеĲá
ʱ򣬻һҲڵģⶫȻԼûʲôΣ糤ཫί㱨пǣϾ糤Ҫ쵼ΰɣҳûֳоΣί㱨ˣ»ʮֲˡ
ФеĵͬʱⶫҲ溣֪飬еȽϼ֣ಢĿ֮£ʹ£ί˵ίľ
ƴ⣬õİ취Ȼ಻Ҫί㱨ֱɽֳдˣĻͲǣԱҲʹѧУһЩˣԺѾץˣҪѾˣ˸ôĴˣֻҪǣˡ
ཫ¼㱨ί׷˵ΣôⶫٻЩ鷳Ϊ˼ⶫ鷳ҪҳһУҪĸ򣬷ֹܵԱ׵壬ǾФˡ
溣ףһȰŹԸ¼Ĵù˵಻ί㱨ؽͨڶùФΪί㱨Ҫٻ㱨ⶫˡ
ϸӵõ㣬ͬʱҲ¸δ쿴Ҷƽææ⣬ⶫȴҲûгܲˣºⶫҲûΪʲôûһȥѧҶƽ̫ˡ
ⶫһ׼ίµĵίǹȴҵ˽µĴ
ǣЭףӴץίȫ湤Ҫ˽಻þܾһ¡
ѧȬԺûз̫ص飬ί칫ǩȫͨһ¾ͿˣҪרίί㱨һˡ
һǲΪⶫǣ˵Ȼûѧ˵ӰܶӣصԱҪһίί㱨ôд
ɫص׼Щˣ
糤ⶫƽʱûλΪһ֣ŲжΣҳûмʱϸֳһжҶƽڽƺΪⶫı֣ӦһĴ
ⶫ糤幤ģҪˣҲֻܴ帺ģ˭ֹܽ
һ˵ϾЩҲסˣʵǵ˼ֹܽҲҪһΣ
һˣæ͵Ҳ˼޹ҪΣ˵Ӧò帺˳еΡ
࿴ƣϲɵرҪףǻ㱨һ£ᡣ
಻ˣҲûа취ֻܻȥ¸溣溣һȻջ𣬵űˣûа취˼ҡ
һʱֻʱɹڳίóˣһͨù
溣ʱҲ¿һ⣬ίίύĻ˵ʱһФе⣬Ф϶ΪⶫֻܵһӰѣԵⶫְ񱻳ФǺΣա
뵽ФԭҲίĸɲҶƽ֮仹ͬѧФУҶƽЩ˵ҪλѧУФΪֹ쵼ܹϸ⣬Ϊ¶˴֣ʵЩˡ
һ룬һ绰Ҷƽһˣһ´¡
Ҷƽӵ绰֮سǣԺЦһ˵
ѯڴµĴҶƽԴ˲û̫뷨˭ξ˭ΣʹФͬѧҲûκ֮⣬ФԺ֮ȻԼüˣǲ
ûʲôͰ¿漰˽һ飬漰ⶫФˣҶƽ֮ûб̬಻࿴ֱۣӰѻҶǣѵԸ⿴Фбⶫһᱻġ
ѻһҶƽ̶˶ǺģĻһʱڰи飬˵˹ФиȥⶫȴǲܵκӰ죬һⶫʱôȴϵ;ֻФжⶫĻǾ̫ƽˡ
ٲФһΣ˵ǲҪһҶƽ̬ܲˡ
̬Ц˵ķǳȷ˲Ըô֪ҰһʵѹҲҪί㱨ȻҲԸ⣬ǿǵФеĹϵһϳίᣬ˵ĿͻָФУָⶫФеǰ;Ҳˡ
ûаˣֱ˵˵£Ҷƽһм֪øˣ뱣ⶫȻҪФУǵʱֻǴֵ⣬пҪְ£Фкòײߵһٳְˡ
ٲ¾ô𣿡Ҷƽ򶨵
ûУһ˫ĿҶƽ˵
ѺĿ⣬ҶƽһͷȴǼᶨ˵ҵǹФУҽΪƽ
Ҷƽ⣬ҿһ£û̫صĺⶫıȻܲ⣬ФȴΪ粻׷£ҪλǸԺ˾ͲҪ׷ˣ¾ͲҪʽίί㱨ˡ
Ѿö⣬ǰйȴ֪⣬ʾãҶƽ˸м֮ûʲô˵ˣФеĹò⣬ûеֺ׵ĵزҵʱεʱֵػԣⶫֳûеû£Фбְⲻƽ
˶׷ȻҲǲƽҲǲѵһ־ٴˣ鲻ȫ̶ֻܾȵؽӽ
ȥ֮󣬲ФзֹĽˣ֣һץͨȥƽæҪĿܿͻʵҪ˵ʱϣܲʧ
뿪İ칫ңίԺҶƽͻȻһ£ڳ룬˾˵죬ȥһ֣
һֱ˾أĻ֮һűʻȥ


233 ɲĵ
֣Ҷƽϵ˲ܴ󸻣֮˾ְ칫ңͿСٻСٻһ㼱æӭȥ
Сٻ֮ĹϵѾȷˣ̸ۼ޵ʱ򣬼Ҷƽ֮ȻǷǳ飬ܴ󸻵İ칫ҡ
ǰܴӭӣһЦҶƽҶƽܴһСٻͲܴ󸻷ֱһˮȻ˳ȥ
˲ŵɳϣҶƽһۣܴЦʵƽǲʲô£
ҶƽǶӺһˮ˵ܾ֣ԺԺҿʺٴˣܲܵһ
ܴһ˵⻰ʱˣԭﵣʱҲûʲôӡ󣬺ֳܻҲû˷УҶƽԺˣôش
ܴЦһ£ôˣǲ㲻ˣ
Ҷƽƽصûҵ⣬֮Ĺܲ⣬Ҳ֪ԭһʲôˣǸʱڸֿҿǾδģҲûʲôɼڲ磬﹤ҾûǽΪá
ҶƽҪߵӣܴ󸻲ܲοڿҶƽǰ;ףӴ֮ĹϵΪһҶƽ
һ룬ܴİãƽ磬Сеɫ̫أﶼһɴҰƤվǱȥһɹȥ
ԺŲٵˮƤվûжҵ񣬶ûҵ񣬱û룬ûȻûʲô˼ˡ
ܴ󸻴ӦԼҪҶƽû˵ʲôʾһлҪȥܴȴҪסԶٷߣҶƽﻹ£ȥˡ
صҶƽй֮ȥԺһ£һûʲô⡣
Ϊֻߣȵ֮üίǰȥһ£ʲôٽ鴦
ѧʳжоգФе֪ͷûжʲôڳһҶƽİ칫ұʾҪúùǧҪٳʲôˡ
ӣҶƽЦЦФȻͬѧûãί֯ΰץ糤һְǿţԳ糤Фȥ뷨ǳ֮ФиûϷˣ糤һְ˰죬㽫лǿƼȥлǿ䲿ǱȽϽģҲûʲôʧγ糤ǿԵġ
лǿλӿճ֮ҶƽФȥ䲿ٷֹĽˣ֣Իģ˱仯ͷҪȷ糤ְλֻһڡ
ФпճίԱһְҶƽƼƽΣðһŮͬ־ֹĽŮͬ־ȽϸֹĽʡ
һ룬Ҷƽ¸ФУФһҪ䲿ûиеʲôãίίһְɵҲЩˣλҲǲǵίίԱ
ûʲôԸıʾҶƽҲƽФлʲôأ
Фû£ⶫȻûʲô£ѧʳж¾ȥˣܣί֯ǰڲӰӵ¡
ίȷлǿγ糤Ф䲿ƵίԱ˲İӣֻǵһְίûȷȷˡ
οɽҲԲӣҶƽĴǿεΣǿӲýȵεΣȹһʱٽӡ
Щ£ҶƽڳһвɲˣҪǲһְһְλǿǳεģǺһ룬ǿҪεΣҪ׳Ĺ骵βһְȻʣ»˷ԡ
ȥҶƽ뵽յϣо˹ԣҸȽϽӽҲԣβҲ̫ԡ
뷨Ҷƽ㿪ʼʱĸɲʼĴαסԼڵ棬ͬʱٻȡ档
ǣµϵ£ԭⶫ϶ϱ׼Լˣǽܴۣ˴ỹûٿ꣬ڲµʱһЩ˸ˣʱҲͶƱ˵һص£ʼúСġ
ΰΨһվһˣĲŰǲҲûʲôѡʱⶫķ顣
糤ɲʲô߽ⶫİ칫ңΰߵⶫ칫Աߵɳʵ
ⶫеıʣһǩֵļʰ˵ǲʲô뷨ˣ
ΰûʲô뷨ؼ糤ʲô뷨뷨֮ǲܺúϣ
ⶫһü˵ûʲôر뷨ɲɶҶƽץҲ岻֣
оⶫԽԽʧȥԭҶƽΰȻ˵ͷѾʧ糤˼һжҶƽˣ
ⶫ̾һֻˣʽѡ糤֮˵ɣ
ԭֿǣΰȵǸʱһжˣڲץסᣬʱ˵ʲôûˣ
ⶫôǵģ
ΰҪסҦΰҶƽõְ񡣡
ⶫҦΰ˴ôܱס
סҲñίû鴦·Ҳ˳ȥˣȻǼ·ֵܶǮʵҲٿǮ·㲻ʲô󡣡ΰŰҦΰһסһܴʤ
ⶫһ˵Ǹôǲռơ
ΰҪȥҶƽ̸һ̸˵ֻҪסҦΰ㶼ܣһʽףµô˳
һ˵ⶫһ£ԥӣΰص糤㵹ǹһЩʱɲӣ
ΰһⶫֻ¾ĵãȥҶƽ̸һ̸ҹҲһҵ
ΰٿί֮ǰ϶Ҫٿǰ칫ᣬʱһ¾ˣȥһ£һ£֪ûͬǲеģֱƹ㣬ٿίᣬǾûϷˡ
˺ü£ⶫеԼ½ĺڻûʽ糤ǵЩ㣬ˣٲϳҲҪһ£ƶãھȥһ


234 ıı
Ҷƽڰ칫ȫ̸µ£ȫǣȺ̸̸ǱȻģȫȫվһˣҦΰȻǲϲǱȻģѡҶƽһˮվվѡǿεΣͿճˮվλӣְλȫˣȫȻǷǳˣҶƽչı֡
Щ飬ⶫˣһ㶣к£ⶫ˵Ҷǣ̸顣
Ҷƽȫ˻֣ȫ˳ȥⶫŹϣȻߵԱߵɳº˵Ҷǣĸɲʲô
ⶫֱԼ⣬Ҷƽڽ𣬻ûüͨ
ⶫư˵ȻͲƲҰɣҶڻһ֪
߲ƣҶƽ˶üë˵˵˵ɣǹͬһ¡
ⶫҦΰλҪҪ
ҶƽǶǲأ
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Ҷƽæ˫ֽӹ˹һ̺⣬ԭϲԵĶСʱԲ⣬һ⣬ǿˮˡ
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˴ν֮ȥϢˣ¶һԳ˴ӣⶫѡվһ̨ʹﵽ溣Ŀˡ
ⶫʮֳͦϣͷŪ룬ﭺڷͦصϯ̨档
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ôһ˵Ҷƽһ빨ʤȻʡĹϵ֯ףӴҲѸˡ
س֪ʡʲôĹϵҶƽһһ䡣
üͷ˵ʡί֯Ĺϵ˵ǹʤĴѧͬѧڸոʡί֯ʤϴزˣһҪСһЩҪץʲôѱ
һҶƽһӣʤµ֯ĿԺܴ󣬶֮֯Լȿ˵ȸҪиԼµĻǺܷ㡣
һԼһΪȥ£ǳɼҲܿüģԼҲô׵£˵ףӴ֧Լʲô
֪ΪãҶƽǸж˵֪һСĵġ
һۣû˵ʲôڸ߿Ҷƽ֮Ľַ̬ȣһǸ߿Ҳ̸ۼ޵䣬һȻҶƽũңѾίˣǰ;ֻҪȲչϳĿԺֻܴҪ߿ϲְֵûʲô˵ġ
뵽ЦһЦСҶʱȥǼҿһ
ܴڳæĸ߿һˣתҶƽȥҶƽͷ˿һЦعͷæصҾʹؼ￴
˵ͷ¾ˣĸĸһԶٷʶһ£ȵһʱҿǾͰѻ˰ɣ
û뵽ߴǾٰҶƽһʱ֮䵹ǲ֪˵ʲôˣֻӦţӸİš
߿һ˵ڷߺȻСغ˵ŻŤͷ˿棬ҲСصֱ㻹Ű޳ȥڼʡģҵǲñСӣ
߿Ťһµ裡ʲôбСӣ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҳһۣ̾Ů˵˵ʵô꣬ͷҪ͸˼ң˵ǱСӣʲôе᲻ð
Ҷ飬߿æӵһ£ҵźһЩ
һ˷кҶƽһԷĸһ𣬳˼ͥ㷹Ҷƽһ߼ңе㲻Ӧܴų˺ٵһ㷹㲻ˡ
ҶƽǳľӣҲģҶƽľԼŮͲʲôίŮġ
˷Ҷƽǻȥ߿ȲɢһᲽźܿҪҶƽˣһ뵽ͣ
ƽӦҰǽˣһ߿˫ֱں棬ŽŵƤǰţŤͷҶƽʵ
Ҷƽ˦˦֣ɵЦ쵼ĻҸҲ𣿡
߿ִһ£ЦҲܰ쵼˼찡
ҶƽһЦؼλ쵼δˣҲģ½˻ͷң
߿ظһһص˭ҳͷ㰡
ҶƽЦſ㰡
߿ӣַֻǰͣشҶƽھͳͷ㣡
ðҶƽſ˫ۣ߿˽ĻﲻִͣϾһĵģ
رס˸߿߿Ҷƽǰиеһů˽§һ̧ͬͷ໥עŶԷ߿ɵر۾
ŻȵĴһҶƽ岻ͣؼѹŸ߿زЩ䣬ҹ·ϵϡ٣վһյ·£ɫĵƹ˵ϣ̨ͬϵþƣչ̨룬֮¡
ʱƺ̣ȫҸ֮У˰죬߿ее㴭ͻȻ۾ƽ˻ῴģҪϴεСåͲˣ
û£ٰǴߣҶƽЦ˵仰߿һ
ҶƽϳԶȥ߿ŴҸлζ߻˼С
˼죬Ҷƽ߿ؽϼң˵ҶƽδǶϱǱжˣ⼦Ѽɱ˺üֻרŴ绰ҶؼһԼδĶϱҶƽѰѹأʲô⡣
һ˵Ҷµ˼ίǣʲô⣬Ƕ룬ܵܵ۹⻹𣡡
㲻صʲôǣܵҲǣƽˣֻˣʲôץһ
ҶԸؼҲֳϣ¸߿֪רŻؼø߿ˣǾס߶Ҳһ߿ʶһ£Сϱ֮Ĺϵദʶˣ˵Ժദа
ֻû˼ңҶƽŸ߿˽壬߿ҲҶƽҶƽҵ˶࣬ĶҲҪ࣬һһݣڡ
վڴſڣҶƽĵҶҲΣûվſڵȣϹģûôȶϱġ
ҶǰУæջһҶƽڿų֮󣬱򿪳Ȼ߿Ҳӳ³һƷż
Цеǰȥ˹ҶƽСԸ߿˵һ裡
ߵǰ߿ЦضԹã
ĻվȴûзӦũ˻ϰ߳ƺʲôģ߿ôƺǳ˵ĳƺҶƽСضԸ߿ɣٽаˣ
߿ʱɨҶƽһۣϴ²Žг裬ã
ããǿݰɣ¶ݹ⣬ϱ̫ˣһεżҾͽˣ˸ϱ
߶ţҶƽ͸߿ȥûţ泳ֵģԭҶƽļùùһԷˣũϲѸ߿ίǶŪ޴롣
ҶҲϵˣ󣬱߽ݣҶƽܵҽҶ
һҶƽĽ㣬߿֣Цùÿ˸߿һ۾ߵһȥˣȥ˼ң˼ҿ϶ġ
ҽҽԺϰ࣬ڿҵΡҶƽ߿һ¡
ҽðϸеʱҲŵҽûҽƴѧ߿ЦŶҶ˵
Ҷ΢Цһµҽ϶ˣǵҽĿ϶Ҫ쵼ġ
߿Ц쵼ҲҪҽģԺҪȥȥҽԺ㣡
ҶЦ˵ǣ㾻˵Ļʲô
ûҲҪȥҽԺȥ㡣߿΢Цŵ
˵ֻôҽԺרŵȥˣҶЦŵ˵Ļ벻ҽԺˡ
߿һֱԼǣЦƽĽ㣬ҲӦһ㣬ͽðɣҪٽҸʲôģڼûʲôְ


239 ʤҲڱ
߿ֳһΪϱ֮⣬Ҷ֮ǺǵЦ˽гһãԺҾͽˣ
߿ЦŴӦ㣬ԺҾͽˣ
໥ӦģҶƽԱ߲ЦˣʶͺˣҲС
һЦһķˣŸ߿һԷһ˱һ𣬹߿żˣ߿òؽš
ٷ߿ͰԼҶҵϱˣ΢ЦģҶƽЦ˵Ҽһ𣿡
һۣ߿ʵʲô
ҶƽЦ˵ܸʲô
߿ɫ΢죬һµЩٶ˵飬ǻûʽأ
ҶƽЦõȵһɣ
߿һû˼׼ǲˣ
ҶƽǺǵЦûģֻǸո뵽£ϱ
߿ͦͦţһ˦㷢˵˭ϱ㻹ûʽأ
ǺǣΧûˣҶƽͻȻЦſ߿޸Ұɣ
߿ֿ˻ͷһ˦˵ָأ
ҶƽǺһЦӿڴͻȻͳһָ߿ȵʲôʱĽָҲһǮɣ
ȵӣҶƽЦһϲôϲ𣿡
߿ӹҶƽݹȥĽָϸؿ˿ȻҶƽñ˸
ҶƽЦһµ㻹ûдӦأ
߿һŽָһߺˣҽϲˣ
ҶƽЦ˵㻹ûдӦ޸أ
߿ߺ㻵ˣ⻰˵
ҶƽЦվǴӦˣҵˣ
߿ϵĽָɨһۣصû˵Ӧ
ҶƽЦҪһΣæסˣ˿ˣҴӦˣ
ҶƽǺǵӵס߿һƬҸ֮С
ֿ󣬸߿ʵǼôӵ˯Ķ
Ҫ˯ҶƽЦȥݰ
߿ȥģǲͳ˽𣿡
˽ôˣ˽Ŵ̼ҶƽЦ
ǲ˽ʵ֮ǰûйŮˣ˵
ˣ޴£Ҷ췢ģԣ
˭췢ģҪûУм
ðɣҾʵ˵һ˵
ԭУҲ㣡
ЦҶԶЦȴҶܵⶼҪˣô죿
ʵԼµ£Ҷ鰵ص裬ҵͲùˣѵŮ޲ȥ𣿡
ҪץģܵܶҪˣܲ𣿡
֪裡Ҷܵһȥ
ҶƽѸ߿ͻ˼ңûޣһ·ϸ߿Щʧ䣬˯׼Ҷƽְͻؼˣеʧ֮
سǣ߿ͻȻͷҶƽСҶͬ־ڼʱ˵ʲô
Ҷƽڿųһ˵˵ʲôˣ
ߣ벻˵ô죬ˣ߿ص
Ÿ߿ģҶƽһ·ϵı֣̽˵ȥ
߿عͷһۣ΢Цû˵Ҷƽŵ˵ðھȥ
߿еϷȣԲԵص㻹һؼҰɣ
Ҷƽȴǿ÷ɿҪĶҲȥڳϹҹɣ
ȥģǻȥأ߿æ˵
ðǾȥݣ
ڶһ磬տʼһԲգҶƽ۾ں˯ĸ߿еһҸźã˯ÿ㰡ϼһҹ߿ֻȵļҲ˳Ȼûʲô飬Ӱ쵽ǿҵĸܣ߿Ҹ˯ˡ
Եĸ߿ﰲ˯ţҶƽԺﲻɵðƽѩӰ֪ڹʲôԼҪˣҲȥˣһжȥɣ߿ΪͦʵģȻͥϲƽѩȣԽԽܵһƽȵļͥΧƽѩһĻ治֪ȥǵļأ
;ȻҪǼͥҲҪֻһļͥԼ;ϵķչһ쵼μ޷϶ιҲ޷ġ
߿ۣһѾˣҲ۾ʵˣˣ
ҶƽǺһЦҲǰûѣ
߿ڱҶƽһ£˵ңģ迴һҹûؼң϶֪Ҹʲôˣ
ҶƽЦ֪֪£ѵһֱ֪
߿һۣû뵽ô
ҶƽǺǵЦ˵Ҫٻһأ
ˣץϰ̫࣬ɹƨˣ߿æʼ·
ҶƽЦЦҲæ·ûϰ࣬Ůǻ£һʱûסҪؼҵģ˱ݡ
·һ߳ݣҪ߳ȵʱͻȻսǴ˳һһŮ
ƽǸǲǹʤ߿ȿˣҶƽæȥֻһ͹˶§һŮ˺һȥ
е˼æҶƽø߿һߣȥһ߿һ룬ʤʱ§һŮ߳ݣŲ͸߿һΪû˯İɣ
ĵظȥҶƽڿǹʤԼǸŮ˵ǸŮ˾Ȼĸϯ
ӦǷ޵Ĺϵڴӱ߳һмˣҶƽѸ˻͸߿һ˵߿ҲǴһص˾Ȼһ𣬼ֱˣ
ҶƽŮϹ˭
߿ϹίԺ˾ԼĻͲô⣬ƽʱϲĻ֦չģҹˣû뵽ʤˣƷλҲ̫ˣʤǸӣҲܿϣ
˼ҿĿܲǹʤǿƨλӣҶƽЦ˵
߿ǺһЦ˵ĵǣʤֻһسѣǸ˹ʤôܰΣ
Ҷƽû˵𣿹ʤпΪί֯Ҫˣ
߿ȵҵЩªˣ˵Ҫ߲Ұû˵ʤҪ֯£
˵Żһ߳˱ݣҶƽѸ߿͵ίԺȻԼųȥ˲硣
֮Ҷƽ˰칫ңǿ㱨Դ˵ΣǿĹԺܸߣҶƽĹ⡣
͸߿ȹһϵ£Ҷƽǲ󣬱ЦеʵǿʲôҪû
ǿǰҩǱˣ˵Ҫ㣬Ҹǣ֮󣬴绰ǣҶǣ㿴ǲҪǣ


240 ⶫ
һҩҵǱҪ˼Ҷƽû˵ӦңԺͶҪңһɿ̵ƣҪΪǵĹǵ¡
ǿ̴Ӧһת¥Ҷƽڰ칫ھĽ̸᲻ΪԼݵ¶Ӳ糷ʣǻǲãӰ쵽ȫ羭õķչģʱܾĽĲݣͻΪū̵ġ
Ҳܵһ˵ĲݣҶƽ룬ĽʣҪᶨԼΪ
ʱǿҩĸ˴һˣҶƽк
Ҷƽһۣҩĸ˾ҶƽҲǣǲҪĽָʾҪʵġ
ǿÿ˵һˮ˳ȥҶƽ΢Цſǣÿ˵һֻ̣ҩĸһҵӡ
һ£ҩ˾ͿҶƽ˵Ҷǣģǽӵܹ˾ָʾһֳأӴͶʣҶǰæһֵأ
һԭ£Ҷƽһµ˼˵ǻҪӴͶģ
ҩ˵ǽӵܹ˾ָʾ֮Ҷˡ
ҶƽæӦû⣬һֵˣлͶʣǽȫ÷
ҩ˵Ҷǣ¾ˣǺûظܹ˾
Ҷƽæû⣬ܹ˾ظɣ
ҩ˾ͱʾһл׼ȥҶƽ룬ʵˡðһ£ܹ˾ǱǲĽСҪͶʵģ
ҩ˵ǲ֪ܹ˾칫ҵ˴绰ǵġ
Ҷƽͷû˵ʲôͳ˰칫ң£Ǻҩҵܹ˾ߵЧ治ͶʵģĽҪӴͶʵģĽĻԼ˵ˣôԼ
㲻飬Ҳ绰ĽҶƽһҲͲˡ
ʱûж೤ί֯ⶫְϢⶫԴϴѡٹͷƽĺܣ˿ٹʲô£ҲͲˣȥˣȴְϢ
ҶƽеҲ֣Լûί㱨ⶫΪ£ί֯ΪʲôͻȻȥְ
ʱʤո֯ΪҶƽǰʾһְľ
ŹʤǵףҶƽȻҲûб¶ʲô֯ҲһίǵˣԼǰ԰ڣҲ԰ڶѡ
ףӴǲְͬ֯ģί֯ƽԶҪʤΪ֯ǵ֯ƼŲСĻȨƽԶûзףӴʱ򲻺Ϊһʤְ壬ֻͬ⹨ʤί֯
ʡί֯кΪһ֯СҪһӣո֯ǰ;ãȥύ
һʤö֮س˶ص֯Ҷƽ֪治˵ʲôڱ»Ҳûкͱ˵˵˳ñ֪߿ȥԼ£˵ʱҲûһƬºʤһϣҲûжãҪԼûȥõϯһ֤ӦѣĻʤ֯ᵱϡ
ڿɫưӣҶƽȻ񣬵Ҳֻʱͣ˼ҿһк̨ˣӣҲҪʡί֯ӡ
С⣬ϲ㵽֮ȻҶƽʱ̬ʮֵưⶫʱ򣬹ʤıȴʮֵķḻ
ⶫЦпնൽ빨Է
ʤ溣ܺã֮ӦƽⶫƽʱҪйʤһ壬ùʤǳãⶫļ˵á
Ҷƽ֪ⶫ֮Աְԭ򣬲Ϊûиɺã˼ҪȥˣֲÿⶫʱûΪְˡ
ⶫ˿ίԱҲкԺҶȥңҳԷ
͸¶һֵ֮飬ίԱһϵıҲЩ仯û̫ıʾֻǿرʾһףء
ҶƽվԱߣⶫǵ飬һʱ֮䲢û˵ʲôʤһۣſ˵СҶǲǲ糤뿪ȥ
˵֮󣬹ʤĿֿⶫһŨŨ֮⡣
ȻⶫüͷʱҶƽɫڹʤôһ˵ûбҪٶҶƽˡ
û˵Ҷƽȴ΢ЦҵȻˣ糤繤ŬɼȻһҪĹɲȺ᲻Ҳ糤뿪ǲ磡
Ҷƽѻôһ˵ʤü۶ҪˣŰҶƽһû뵽Ҷƽȴѵ˳ֲⶫϣķ֮⣬ⶫȴûа취ѻҶƽ
ʤһʱɵۣⶫֻøЦ˵ҵȻ᲻뿪Ұûа취֯ϵľ˭ҲΥ˵ģ
ⶫԲԵ˵һ䣬ʤæ˵ⶫ˵ĶԣҶҪ֯ϵľ
˵⻰ʱ򣬹ʤϵıʮֵķḻԴӵ֯ͺȫ֯Ƶġ
С⣬߰ɣʤ˵̧ⷬͷⶫкҪ뿪硣
Ҫ˵ҪҶƽһӣԶٷߣҲǸⶫ͸УǹʤȻûиҶƽӵıʾֱкⶫҪ뿪硣
ⶫе˵һĵأһҲˣ˹ʤĻ֮æ͵һسǻ£ȥɣ
˵˵ȥҶƽҪ빨ʤԶٷģ˵ɴ಻˿ˣҪȥͻȥǵġ
ҪߣΰǰЦ˵Զٷ߰ɣ
ᣬΰʤкڹʤǰ¶ʤڳ֯Ҫúðͽһ£ⶫڵȥˣ糤һְ˳ֻҪ빨ʤ߽һЩ˵糤ְλ䵽ͷϡ
˵ⶫܴиʩ԰糤ְλͲԶˣȫȻҲְλֻҪŬһѣһľ
Цݵӣʤıȴǵ˵ˣⶫߣ
ûҶƽ˵ʤ㶯ȥΰͻȻоԼΣվλñҶƽ˶ͻ·ίǵģʤûΪЦʾʱǽҲǣҲˡ
ҶƽؿһУڹʤ֮ʱҲһ˵糤ߺãͣ
˵仰ҶƽתֱԼİ칫ȥˡ


241 Ҫ
û뵽Ҷƽñ˻ʤͷһۣתԼĽγⶫһȻίԱ֣ҲԼĽγȥ
ΰʱվԭûû˻صίԱһĵطҲûǰ͹ʤⶫ뿪
ŹʤⶫԶȥΰŻͷԳЦЦȻԷˣǵģ
Ц˵仰ίԱûʲôʾȫؿղŵΪǳŭСӸղŵΪͽṨʤⶫµ糤λӣһҲҪõ糤λӣΰóѡ
ûΰҶɢ뿪ԭأҶƽصԼİ칫ңŸղŵ飬ʤⶫ˲ӣôԼҲûҪǵӣ֯Σص²ʤġ
뵽ⶫ֮µ糤λӣҶƽ˼һ˭糤ȫΰ˶Ÿ糤˵УȫȻԼߵýһЩǴЩѬģ糤֮ʲôӺѿ壬ΰ˵ˣͬ糤ģ˵Ƚ⵱糤Ƕǹʤ֯Ƴʤ϶ͬ⡣
Ȼпӣʱû£ҹʤΪ֯϶ƳԼˣѡĻᶼûС
뵽ҶƽϣίҪʲô糤Ĺ糤û糤ûʲôѾϰû糤ӣĸ湤ץȻеһЩǸоܳʵϲӣڮȻܻ˵̰ȨЩܷ̰ȨԼ̰ȨȨܸõΪϰշ
ⶫ뿪֮û죬칫ƣʱûаְ񣬵ȴһʱ֮ٽаš
ⶫȻˣ糤һְʱûаţְλҪһҪһʱˡ
Ҷƽû̫ܵʤӰ죬Ҫ߿ˣһϲ£ʲôĶûбҪϡ
˿ʼ֪ҶƽҪ£ǻ֪Ҫ˭飬˵ίǽ飬˾ͿʼˣҶƽһףأҶƽٺ
ʵҶƽǼ£ǸȴҪ죬뼰Ѹ߿Ļ¸ˣҶƽείǣҲǸץ˲ٵӡ
ҶҲһ棬ҶǼԼĶسŮӾǱȽϴˣȴûоôԼӲȸ߿ɶ˲ģ
һ˵ҶƽͻȻ֮Ҫˣ˾Ǹеܾȣû뵽ؾȻҪˣ˵ĺǵѪ
㣬ԺûϷˣץҸ˼˰ɣĴϣԱߵĳ˵
üͷ壬ҶƽͻȻҪ£Ҳû׼ҲǿõȻˣ֪ҶƽûȻΪѣҪΪȴǲܣֻŰ׳ĹãӺܳʵ˼޵ûȥǡ
ƽ飬Ӧ˲ǣ㲻Ҫ˼ˣڼʹƽȢ㣬Ӧ𣿡һǰһ߰ŪеƱݣһŤͷһ˵ЩƱݶ׳ĿÿҪĶһ£óʲô
ųæµӣ骸̾ص˭˵ҲӦϧûϷˣҲææȥæ˰죬ҶƽҲû𣿡
ִһź£ææȥΪ˱˶ΪԼͱϹˣ
˵⻰ãȻһ£ҡҡͷûٺ˵ʲôͷæ
֪ҶƽҪĶǸ߿ʱе˶һû뵽߿ҶƽߵһҪ˵Ǽû֮ʲôͻȻ֮ͽˣǴ۾
۾۾Ҷƽ߿֮ˣҶƽ˵һõϢسͷҲһʵҶƽ;ԽԽˡ
Աѩڵ֪ҶƽҪ߿֮ͷͬ˱һ㣬ȻҶƽ֮䲢ûŮϵĽǵëµʱͷȴⷽ淢չģҶƽûⷽ潻ͻȻҪ߿飬һʱ̲סˮ
߿ڳҸ֮УҲǺ棬ԼŮ˹ޣһ뵽߿һûͷǲãҶƽӴ֮˦ô죿ôһɵѾͷΪŮˣҹһ죬ǾԲܺµġ
ڿҪˣֵĵƽʱڼ߿ױ磬ϾҪޣԼŮ׼׼
裬ƯƯ߿ױ˵
ЦƯҹŮܲƯҪˣЩ᲻㣡
߿һڣ˵裬ֲǲˣҺƽסسǣؼң
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ҪôУһһ㱧أҲص
żҲûã߿Цŵ
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뷨϶ί·β·ŵ򣬳ΪһĴ


242 л
Ҷƽӭĵǰϲ˱Ƚ϶࣬һγռΧۡ
ûŴٴ죬һЩû֪ͨҲףˣܴ󸻺Ԫ˾Ȼһ˴Ҷƽʾףء
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һ䣬ͻȻһֻӴǰɹҶƽ͸߿һһʶһֻɹ˲һЦ漴ȥٶ˵ˡ
糿ڴϣũ糿峺յҶƽ۾ķԸ߿Ҷƽ߿ѹ§סҶƽĲص˯һ


243 糤
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ֻǴ˴ǰʡǣֶһطƶΣеò㣬ƶγһ˫ɫԵС۾ʱϴее


247 ƶι
ʡǣסݣһһӣȴڶǰʡȥʡƶ쵼·ˡ
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Сɫ糺죬۾˵ƽҳò𣿡

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248 
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249 ߸ϵͬѧ
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ֻ֮һŮӭ˽΢ЦؿҶƽеŮǽС磬ӦϷŮɣҲЦЦ˵˼лл
ҶƽһˮŮЦ˳ȥҶƽ
аСʱ񽭴һҶƽæˣʡ쵼̫࣬ˣ
ԹӣҶƽЦЦ񽭣ʡ쵼ǽҸЩµĸɲƽʱһʡ쵼أ
ǺǣЦҪԣôǲǵʵۣԺСС帾ؾϿ
ҶƽЦ񽭣ȥˣһͨίܵʲôʵۣΪǴɲ˯ȫׯ
ǺһЦʰϵͷҶƽԣҶƽļƽѾʵְˣЩͬѧεģͬѧǵоͿˣ
⻰˵̫飬Ϊʡ飬Ȼһί˵⻰̽Ҷƽ΢Цŵ񽭣ʡ쵼ЩɲǰͲҪ˵ֻˣФ˵Ҫḱˣһʵְȣ
ҶƽĻ񽭸˵شЦղŲװһ±ƣ˵Ҷƽίǣίǣǰǵ͵
Ц֮ͻȻɫض˵ƽҿһ£ҲǴ棬ҲҪȥһ£û湤ľ飬εʱҲһ̰壬ܲȥְ
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˵⻰񽭱һҶƽļƽ浽ǶصĻ㣬ФҲ
ֵӣҶƽоʡ﹤̬ǷǳĿһУƣḱȥĻǲҪְ쵼ˣһְ쵼ûж»Ȩģ˵ҪҪФУô׵ģ
Ȼ룬ܵˮЦЦʾлû˵ʲô
Ϊ˸԰һ£רټһЩʡǵͬѧǹҶƽԷЩͬѧŹҲڹģ֮ǶǷǳУҶƽȻ˵ίǣҲһСˣǵﻹ˲𣬱ҵôʱˡ
ƯŮͬѧҲһߴգ񽭴⣬ǳҶƽԼǸŮͬѧڱӣһ㵱ĸоûˣ˵ԼҲǽˣٿǣҲûʲôоˡ
һٷҶƽǸȥ֮мͬѧߵߵ񽭣벻ҶƽҲεô죬ǿˣû˵ʲôı֪֪
һµʲôһµĿƼɲѣʡָɲһץһѣ˵ǲǣ
ͬѧ˵⵹ǣǲ֪ٴ󣬲֪Ǯ࣬ͬѧУԺ㵱˴ٿҪǣ
񽭴һ˵û⣬ֻҪʲô˵һС
ͬѧƣ񽭸ӵĵ⣬Ա߼Ůͬѧ߹񽭣Ǵȥɣ
һֵðڣʡ빫ˣ
ȥ񽭣ŮͬѧͷһͷȴǺܸˣ˵֮ӵȥʡ¿KTVȥˡ


250 ص
Ҷƽһͬѧֿ󣬻صסıݣСһ͹Ҷƽ˻֣װʮӣҪԼ
һȵñȽС䷴ǽ߽䣬ֱַĸ첲ϣĵصƽôȵôࣿ尡
ҶƽĲСȴץ÷ǳҪǿѵĻ»ðС䲻ˣֻԼĴϡ
˴֮󣬰СҶƽŵȥطţȴطƶҲ˹һҶƽ˴ϣҲĵʵҶôôࣿһһˣ
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ͦæһգҶƽԼİ칫æµţصĽγʻ˲Ժ
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ʲôүүүүģҶƽøĪˣʵүү˭
ЦŶҶƽС߰ɣԺһģʱܣ
һصӣҶƽоǲڶſ׳ֱֵ˹죬ǲҪģ
ԼȻʲôҲһĹԱҪԼ϶ΪԼˮһǴˣԼ̰ռҲûʲôǰԼܵõʲôôοǲ֪Լգô׵ģ
϶ȻǿͿͷȴǲ֪ð˶ٵͷҶƽŪ˵ҪʲôǲҪҪһΪǿȰ˸ʰɡ
öԺҶƽЦŵðҸǴ·
˵Ȼ뵽Ҷƽ뷨æ˵صһ߰ɣ
Ҷƽ򿪷ţһ۾Ϳ׳վĿ䣬ȥʮˣô߼вŰûǮʱ±׬ҪǮ˵⡣
Ҷƽǰ棬׳͸ں棬ǲ֪ĻΪ׳ٳˣͲǸˡ


251 
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ŵҲûдҶƽҡҡͷоûɫʾǵģȵ˰칫¥ĴţҶƽͿͣſڵɫγˡ
һǾִͷģҶƽҲһԼղŵĲ²Ǵģ˾ȻԾǣȻԾǣôܵԼҲ̫ḻˡ
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үүû°ɣүүӣҶƽæסһһط߻ؼС


252 
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ʮȥ˰ҶԵԼĸӻĵ龰Ѿûκμ䣬ǻĸ׽˺ܶ飬֪ļսܵƻ˱ӻģǻһڴ֮ǰҳߣ֪ȥʲôˣȴͻȻ֮ˣ
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ЩҶƽȥҶΣҶβ˵Ȼ˼Ҳ˵ĵרȥʣǾͲˡ
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λ˶ҶȻҲûʲôӡ󣬲ΡΡߵҶǰҶ죬ҶҲǿû˵ʲôȥ˵òмֻ֮ȷǰλǲˡ
Ļ𣿡ͻȻðһ仰
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һץס֣˫ϵ־һ˿󣬱æ˵ҶƽүүߵԱߡ
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ûãͥشʣҶϮױʮҲɱֻĸ״׵Ҷӳ˵ħƣǸҶҫͭ
ͥʧҶ֪֮Ϣʧȥ˵ʹμӸսƴɱΪελһߣֱڻĹίελݡ
ҶѰһʱˣûκϢ֮ΪԼļȫɱҲͶ˼û뵽ô꣬ȴе֪˵Ϣһʱпǧ޷ˡ
ǽȣҲȥô꣬ΪһλȨص׻һ谭ģϾԼŮҲһˣͻȻðˣ˻һˣһܻһӰ죬˵ãԼŮ֪֮Щȥס
ҶһҪﻹ˵ҶֻһͨũͻȻ֮һ磬һũĵܵܣ̫ȷǻ𲻺õӰ졣
ʡίҶȷôˣȥʲôףʧɢôˣϲˣðô죿
ĻҶɫǲÿŮǶԼ뷨ҲԼ뷨ۿԼҪȥ˼ˣѵڼ˼֮ǰȼԼˣ
Ҷ϶ҶûҶô֧࣬ȥˣҶ֧֣ҶһЩΪ˲ڶԼŮʲôӰ죬һеİ취ֻ˲ס


253 
ֻ˲ףζҶֻҶԸܵƣҶŮҶˣһүүҶҶļûκϵ
ҶƽԼүүҶĳҲǷǳĸжô˻ܼˣ˵һѻ
ҶԱЦź˵Żûλ˼£ҶƽֻܺӦţҶһ࣬ڹҲίһ˾ҶСӡ
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뷨Ҷԭȷ׵뷨ҡתͷҶһۺ˵񣬰Ǽел
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ҶĻҶȥ֪ͨˣҶҶƽйȥúõؿһ
ҶƽǳϾҶһλȻȥҲǺүүһˣҶϵʺȴүүûеġ
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˳ЦһЦƽгûУһҪҴ·Ź˾޽ȷǹҵʽһҪúÿһǮ
ûֱӻشĻ⣬˳ЦҶƽ̬ҶƽæʾгسģһúÿһʽʵĴҵ޽
Ҷƽ˳ԻĻüͷղ˵Ƿͼ˳ȴûбʾҪҪбõȥȻ˳ڹر⡣
ô˵棬Ҳپ˳̬ȻԸò飬Ҳù棬˵һ·Ź˾Ƿ·Ź˾ʺܺãҪ·޺ãǹһǺú̸һ̸
Ļתᵽ˾幫˾·£ڷ˾ȫжҶƽ˵Ҳɻ˵ܷ˾ֱ˳Ҷƽ
˳һĻרᵽ˾һ¾⣬Ц˵˾ܴ󣬲֪ƲƵС̡
ĻЦǧĹҲСˣ˾ܿ۵ģﲻ˵ҪǸǣǵĽ޽һЩȻб깤õȥĻҲǽˣб꣬ǲƭԽ˾ǽһ¡
ĻһԼܷ˾ɣҶƽԱ˾͸оڲΪﲻãܲˣΪбĹ˵෽׼Ͳб깫ˣô˵ǻƭˣ
˾ȷʵȽǿ˳ĻĻ֮󣬱Ҷƽ˵ƽгĻΪǺãҪº÷˾һˣ̸һ̸㿴ô
û뵽Ļһ˾ҪбĹ˾ǰڵ׼ǰˣ˳棬Ҳ÷ԣ˵˾⣬Ҳ׼Ͷֻ꣬ǲ֪ڼ۸ʲôǷҪҼҹ˾һȼ۸񣿡
ҶƽίĻ֮ԵúɫãˣҶƽȻʹشӦǲӰ
Ҷƽ˳ûвıʾĻǸгҪһӣȻҪˣȴӦǿ϶ǲãԱҶƽ̸һ̸۸ϵгҪˣг̸
˵ϣҶƽֻʱӦˣ˵Ǻã˾̸һ̸
ҶƽĻشĻ¶Цݡ
ⶫͰСվԱߣҪ˵ȽϤί족˴֮ϵ
Ļ˵Ľ֮ⶫСض԰С糤˾һҪϵģгһпܵ֯ʱˣǰ˵˵ûҶƽҾͲˣ
ⶫа⻰˵С䣬СϲĻֻһгί֯ȨǴ˲٣ⶫСԺҪˣ⻰˵Ȼ÷˾·£˾Ļʲôϵһ÷˾а̣
һ룬СЦƳҲСС糤гسһô£
ⶫɨҶƽһ۵λ쵼˲ҶƽºٸЩС糤ʲôһȸ˵նˣ
ⶫҲĵӣС϶ҲĻ⣬ԼҲӦû⣬ʲôϢҴ绰㡣
˽£Ļ˵껰Ժ󣬱洦˿֮뿪˲硣
Ļ֮ҶƽѰС亰һһµ糤ȥʡǣõ֮˾̸У
СæӦһã˵ڶ죬˾һȥʡˣһûб˵Ĳ룬ʡ֮ұס¡
ס֮Ҷƽȥʡһ·оԺǰʩ·۸Աƶס
оԺ˱ӦǵҪ󣬰СҶƽ̸֮󣬱ص˱ݣ˱֮󣬰СҶƽķ顣
Ҷƽ죬СȥͰⶫ˵ĻҶƽҶƽһⶫҲ˴£оЩˣĻһһͣѵ÷˾·ôģ
Ҷƽһʱûбֻ̬˵Ҫ˾̸е˾Ҫ̫ߣǳܲˣʹĻҪҲа̣˾Ƚϴ󲻴ҲûбĹ˾˾аõĻǾñĹ˾ɡ
Ҷƽִ㣬С䲻ɵҪ֪Ļ˳˶˵ˣ˾аϣ˿϶пġ
ˣĻسôСԼ
Ҷƽ˿Сžױ˵سûȷҪһҪ÷˾ɣ̸̸ֻʵĻ϶ҲǿǣĻҾһгӦ£سҲ˼
С˼һ£˵Ļֻǵθгǵǲ̫£ⶫһпܵί֯˳֪£¾ͻʩѹˡ
һĻҪ֯£Ҷƽһ뵽ƽԶпܵߵ£ѵѾʼˣĻô뵽Ҫ֯ڵ֯壬Ҫ뵱֯϶ҪλҪλί·϶Ҫгг¾Ҫίǣһ¶Ļе֯ĿܣҶпλӸô
ое㲻ţҶƽһ£˵֮֯ͲֹܽͨˣǲùﲻҲҪӣӣҲÿ˭˵һ㡣
ҶƽĻпܵ֯£СһӾ뵽Ҷƽҷƶ쵼ϵ£ҶƽŸǿĺ̨һĻκβһСС糤Ļ˵ǲãҪͽ¸ⶫһ£֪ԼΪˡ
һ£һᣬС뵽ϴʡǣҶƽһ飬ɫȻ֮Ҷƽ仯æ˵糤ȥϢɣǺоԺͬ־һ
С俴Լ뿪ķ䣬ЦЦڲż㰡ôϢҪǳȥתһתһȹݺȿȰɣ㣡


258 ʡ
СһЦˣҶƽװͻȻ˵糤㲻˵ȿҲˣҵʡǸҪȥ
ҶƽѸ߿˵˳СһʱŸ߿ͷһЩʲôЦðȥˡ
һȥ̳߿ѡһϺõ·ȻҶƽȹȿȣȻǵ˿ȹݺȿȣǿҶƽ߿Ǹĵӣȥ˲٣ҶƽܶԲ߿
ڶҶƽоԺ˿ʼȫĵ·һƣ˾˱绰˵Ҫ̸һⷽ顣
оԺԱûй꣬Ҷƽǣ⼸첻רԼʱǹ
죬˾˻ûҶƽڰ칫ͻȻӵһ绰绰һŮͬ־ģԳʡ̨ļߣǲǲ硣
Ҷƽһʡ̨ļߣ֪Լʲô£ǲ磬ĸˣͷһ˵صҶǣȺڼ·ڻڽȥɷһ¡
Ҷƽһµаô֪£
ͷЦص̨Ǹһǿ֮еǳãֱȥǲɷһ¡
һҶƽҲûʲô˵ģҪɷþɷ£ⶼʵǵǰڰӣŪٵ
绰ҶƽѰƸίԱʡ̨ļˣҪ׼֮󣬱ӭ˼ʡ̨ǰɷõ¡
ܿʡ̨ļίͬ˲磬Ҷƽʱ򣬱˫֣֮
һӣҶƽЦһֱȽ֧쵼ʡ̨ļǰȻҪһӭ
ֵͬʱҶƽҲʡļߣһŮܹˣһŮ߿ȥǳᣬվ΢Цſ
λʡļߣҸǽһ¡ҶƽС֮󣬱Ц˽ܵ
Ҷƽ΢ЦſߣĽ֮Ů߱ǰ΢ЦҶǣ֮ǰϵˡ
һ˵ҶƽǵʱϵԼˣֽн㣬μӹʱ䲻ʮֵĽ˸еϲ
ʶ֮Ҷƽʹһ·ֳвɷãСȴɷõĿĲҪʡ̨ţʡ̨ص̨ƪӷǳĺãɷһ£׼ǫ̃ȥţһҲǰʡĳɼ
ҶƽȻ֪ɷõĿģǵֳ֮Ǳ㿴ʵͶ棬ûĸɲֻ֯ǴĸɲȺɻ·
ҶƽǽܵûǮǺò״ӹȡʽ𣬱ŽʡŻԶԱȺ·ǰڹһͿԽʡٵʽܰѸ·˵ⶼû취飡
һҶƽǸ˵Ҷǣȵһ£ǰѻͲ㣬רŲɷһ¡
֪ɷõĳ򣬸ղҶƽֻǼ򵥵ؽܣڽ˵껰֮󣬱ŻͲߵǰҶǣѸղŵǷ˵һ飬Ǻòɷ¼
Ҷƽ֪ҪɷԼԾͷеСţ𿴸ղ˵ú˳˵һ飬Щϰˡ
㿴Ӧھͷǰ˵ӣϲЦרָһҶƽһ֮˼߲ɷõĳ򣬾ͰҪѸղŵĻ˵һ飬ҿǳȻ
Ҷƽھͷǰ٩٩̸û뵽Ϸô죬ֳһֹĿ⡣
һᣬҶƽЦߣҽĲ˰ɣԾͷ˵ñŤ
Ц㽲÷ǳǽһ㡣
ҶƽȺмһȺڸɻǺýһ㣬ҶƽееĵӰȵ׼ץġ
˽ĻҶƽȺм䣬һȺһɵñȽ˳֣ô˵ľͷǰΣˡ
ҶƽһɻȺ۾ʱͷеţϻ¶õЦݡ
ҶƽȺһɻͷ֮󣬽ŻͲҶƽߣԱߵȺڵԸμԵͶ𣿡
ԱߵȺкüˣһŻͲͷĶǣȺڼæͷ˵ֻһСӣȥϲеؽһԸ⣡
ΪʲôԸⰡֱʵûȵĲġ
һʣСЩ㶣֪ôشˣҶƽվԱ߿ȺڽܲɷõӣЦȺǶʵĻھͷǰ٩٩̸Ǵɲ˵ԡ
С˵һʱʧ׼̽ô˵ԱһŮȴӻҶϺ·к쵼·
һ˵һȤߵǰʵ㣬˵˵ΪʲôԸ⡣
ͷŮ˵ŮӱȽϴԾͷЦ˵иСҶǶƽ·㿴ڵ·û޹ˣڴһޣ֪ˡ
ŮʵĻоǳԲҶƽУʵɸǷǮ𣿡
⸾Ůһʵ⻰˵ʲôǮԸģһﶼ·ϣƽ˵ֻҪ·޺ˣ¸ˣ¸·
Ҷƽһ˵¸·ӣϲЦݣʵϰղϰ˵һЩûʵĴʣ⻰Ů˵ȴ˸еǳȻûʲôĳɷ֡
㲻ͣصͷоֳǳʵ˸жֻҪѸ͵̨̨һܲš
ɷȺ֮󣬽㻹ȥɷ˴ĸɲĸɲײɷһЩԾͷ˵һЩȻʵǲ˵ڽܲɷʱ¶һڻͣЦţҶƽһÿ䣬ҶƽԱ˵壬㲻Ҫǿңߵ˼
ȴ˵ǽʵǣûŪ١
ǣ˵ܺã
ҶƽҲû˵ʲôˣ˵ɡ
ɷĸɲҶƽصҶƽڰ칫¥ǰȫ·滮ҶƽʱѾӦ˼ߵĲɷã·һ顣
Щ֮󣬲ɷˣҶƽŽֵͬ־ˣ
ЦҪ˵Ļǣô¹ֵǾ壡


259 ̸
ʡ̨ļȥ˾ˣһ˾ĸܣ˳ðװ֣һǺܾӸµ˵г̸̸
һӣҶƽͰСüͷһ壬Ҫ··ģô˵ﲻӦǵ·޲ɣǮȻ׬ڻֻǴ̸н׶Σ̬ǲҪһУ
֣ҶƽȻܲã뵽˼Ǵ˾ֻǺ̸̸̸˵
һСңҶƽͰС̸Уڸղ̬ȷǳãСҲʹɫ
ȻһȽϰһСʱʶԼղЩʧ̬ŵ̫ˣû̫һСΪĻкĸɲͽúܣԼɫҲҲӦҪ
ڸоǰŮ糤鲻ãе㲻ĸо̬ϲűúһЩ¶ҵʿֹеЦݡ
Ҷǣ糤̸̸ɣЦЦҶƽͰС˵
ǰװֵҶƽһƽ˵гרŰǵĹ˾ܸǣ˵ǹ˾һʵʵܰ·޺ãҪ̹ϵ̬ȣʵļ۸񣬿ɿ֪ܷ⼸Ҫ󣿡
ҶƽĻһھܴһȥҶƽǳᣬ̸ĻӦһ׵£οĻкҶƽɫ̬ȺֱҪȴһʱС
Ҷƽᵽ̬ȵ⣬һ뵽Լղŵ̬⣬˲򵥣ڲ֮оôһ¡
ӲؾҲ˺֣صݣС䲻Ҷƽȥе̸еĴֻҶƽߡ
Ҷǣһ̹ϵ̬εḶ́һᱣ֤ģڼ۸ǿԺú̸̸ܿȥϿ࣬Ҷƽ˵
̬Ⱥ࣬ҶƽɫȻƽһ¹ӣȻҵȴЩסˣϾĻк飬ô̸ôѣѵһССίǸҲһгк
ѯоԺѾָƣҶƽڼ۸̸ռ˺ܶƣ۸ҶƽᣬΪʲôһͱһܸߵļ۸񣬶ҿǳǿӲʾǹ˾ͼ۸ˣֻҪλ̸ɣ͹һܱ֤
ʮǿӲӣҶƽе̸ҲһֵģȲп˵ĻˣֻһЦܣֻǧʽȴǱǧļۣʱǷǵǮɲҪԹģ
ҲǲɫصûǧȻֻܸǧĻҲ˵ֻ֮Ḷ́ûǮǲɵġ
˵ҶƽһЦǻ˵ЦҿԸεظ㣬ֻǧܰѻɺõĹ˾Ȼ˵ˣˡǲˣ
˵⻰ҶƽҪվͿͣȫûԤϵ̬ȣҪ֪ĻӦ飬۸¸һ⣬۸ֻ΢ĵ׼۸һ㣬Ա̸еʱȡһҶƽҪ̫ˣʹ̸Ҳ̫ò
뵽ɫһ˵ҶǣҲ˵ˣҸǱǧ˰۸ҲгϿɵģǮĻгҲЭ
ҶƽĻѹǣһն˵ĻܸЭʽֻţʱ϶óʽ𣬶ǧܰɵ£ȴҪǧ˰ֻɵӲŻ¡
гֻǽǽܸǣû˵۸飬ȻļλǵҪ̫Զôǽ̸о͵ΪֹɡҶƽЦһ£ûΪֱӾܾܵҪ
һҶƽĻĻɫһ¾ͱˣ˵ҪгҪǿԲҵгҪǲܲɣ
СŵؿҶƽζԴ飬Ҷƽһ˵̸Угʲô˼г쵼Ƕصһ϶Ҫ֧ǵ̸Уǲ̫һЩ
ĻѹԼҶƽĻҲٿˣҲǱСʱ򷴶ǳ䵱еĽɫ˵Ҫļ۸̫ˣһĻǿ̸̸
С̬Ⱥܷ࣬ǿӲˣٸˣǲͬĻҾˣ
ܷҲڳһҪߵļƣҶƽЦˣΪԼ̸еĲأЦЦȻǾͲˣ糤߰ɡ
һҶƽͰСˣܳûа취۸֮ǰõģҲĻŵǵļ۸ֻ׬ǮĻݲܴٷһҲᶨôߵļ۸
ҶƽͰС˸һףֻ߳ң˾ܾȥһ绰̸֪е
һĻкȻû̸ɣ⹫˾ܾǺΪĻһгк˻ͽҪҪټ۸ټۣھȻ
˾ܵһζĻɣҲΪʲô᲻ĻĻ˻ɣ绰֮һ룬绰Ļ
绰ⶫӵģ֪˾ҪĻⶫ㼱æѵ绰Ļ
Ļڳϯһͨ飬Ҫ󽨺ȫеĴͨʮֵķæҲʮֵĵطг·ǳ˲СȨҪ󣬸ϲǧĿ
һӵ˾ܵĵ绰֪˾̸ˣɫһӱúܲÿԷ˾˵ǵһ£Ҵ绰˳
Ļһӣⶫ֪Ҷƽûͬ÷˾˳а̣ʵͲֻŻĻŭȶ뷨ȥʰҶƽ
Ļõ绰˳ϵⶫܿؾϵ˳һϵ˳֮Ļӹ绰˳ô£˾ȥ˰Ȼû̸ɺ绰һʣͨ黹ҪҪõ֧֣
⻰вˣ˳˼æ˵Ҳ֪ҪгһҸʡ
µ绰˳ڰ칫һ룬ĻһҪ֯飬СΧѾˣβӣǨ¸ôҶƽ˵ҶƽͬĻҪأ


260 
˳ȥоеѰ죬Ǳǣһ绰ƾͿԸ㶨ҶƽȴЩ⣬ҶƽȻܸɣƺһЩʣĻڵʱôͬ⣬Լ绰ǿҪͬ⣬ӦԼҪԼѿ
ЩʵǴҪģؼҶƽףӴ֮ĹϵԼ˵ҶƽӵеľǱ֮ԴҶƽоǱϢΪ·ʽǿҪҶƽͬ⽫Ŀ˾飬µΡ
˳˰죬ףӴ㱨һ£ףӴ飬ףӴĻȨƣͬ⽫̽˾ȥôҶƽ϶ҪףӴĻһĻͲٴ绰ˡ
һ˳ףӴİ칫Ҵһ绰֪ףӴڰ칫棬ίԺ
ףӴ֪ʲô£ӭ˽֮󣬱һΪһ֣ϵĻĬ໥֮ദĻǢ
˳Ц߽ףӴİ칫֮ȿЦ˵Ӵǣ˵ܿҪˣǴҶڴӴٸһ
ڴƽԶҪߵϢƽԶһߣƱҪϵĴףӴѾ꣬ץסλ˵ܰٳ߸ͷһм쵼ӣƽԶ֧֣ԸԳ
ףӴҪм쵼ӣлףӴλӣΪίһ֣Դ˵һ飬ףӴǰЦףӴΪͲԼߣίǡ
ȻףӴЦֻ΢΢һЦǴԣƽǵ߲߻һأڲЩˣ˵ڶػкܶûɣίߣҶԸߡ
˳ףӴҲûΪףӴԸ߶ˣʵףӴпԸܵԼղŵЦû˭ְףӴ˵ǫѡ
ҲӴǸ´ҵȡøĳɼ˳άףӴһ
ףӴ΢Цһ£ûʲôرıʾʵ˳سǲң
˵ϣ˳æߵǰĻؽܷ˾£ԼҶƽûͬ˾а̵˵һ顣
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˳ףӴصʽǴӹҷƶҪģ幤ȫҶƽСҶͬ£Ҳ棬Ļ˾Ҫ̾СҶЭ̣ǲǿСҶͬ¡
ףӴ֧Ҷƽ˳֮ǣףӴĻȻƽԶпܵߣĻпܵ֯ƽԶʡףӴǿ󣬰ĻҲ
ⷽ飬˳ȥ֮͸Ļȥ˵绰ʾʽΪҷƶ·ί·ȫҶƽһҶƽﲻ˾Ҫа̣Ҷƽ̸˵֮ⷬ˳רŸⶼףӴ˼
һ˳ֻظĻɫ䣬ص쵼һҲ˳һЩףӴƽԶı˿˼ˣȻβֻҪ֯һҪףӴϵɫ
ĻһʱͷⶫΪȫҶƽԵʣҪҶƽͷϣҶƽͬ˾а̵ĻףӴҲ˵ʲô
ڽ˳ĵ绰֮Ļ˵ⶫҶƽʵС⣬ҶƽʲôͷȻ
ⶫæСӾףӴı£ףӴ飬Ҳûʲôͷ
һĻ˵ףӴ붫֮ôʰôʰ
һĻ˵ⶫĸˣһҪҶƽһͷ
ףӴûиҶƽк˾а̵¾Ҷƽ㰴֮ǰ̶йб꣬һֱðСչسǵǼ·ҵǵĻܵĹ˾ûҶƽͬ⣬һ±ˣ˵ʲôûĻȣĻ֪Ҳܹ˾飬Ļ϶ỳʲôã÷˾аġ
Ҷƽⷢб깫棬źüҹ˾ǰμӾ꣬˾ûǲ˼ˣܵǼҹ˾ˣҶƽȻһͬʡ
˾֮Ҷƽרŵб깫˾Ͷ꣬ڴ֮ǰҶƽرԼֻκ˶ϵϣðСҲôͶ죬һЩк
Ҷƽԭ򣬰СҲرֻκԼϵȷͶ깤ܸš
Ͷ깤ܿɣһҵľб꣬һ͹ģ·Ź˾˱ꡣ
·Ź˾֮ǰҶƽ˵û˵һӪ·Ź˾һʮˣȥ˺ܾɣҲܳϿҡ
ҹ˾ļλͣҲǵ;Ϳбģм仹Ҫ꣬רҸеҹ˾Ͷļλ̫ͣ겻񣬱Ҷƽ鲻Ҫҹ˾бꡣ
Ҷƽһҹ˾ԼûǽйκεϵҲȸǮ·Ҫһĵʣиʩ̧ۣǴ̡еĹ˾ڲ˹ãȵͼб꣬ȻӱۣԴ˴ﵽб꣬׬ǮĿġ
Ȼҹ˾Ĵ㣬Ǿ͵ƲɣԼǴﵽĿġ
룬Ҷƽͬҹ˾б꣬·ʽ𲢲࣬ܽʡþͽʡãֻҪӽ۾ǿԵģ̫ԶͶꡣ
ҶƽͶ·Ź˾˾һ˵Լ˱꣬ϾԵúǸˣҶƽͽҶƽ֣ʾл
Ҷƽ˿˵ܣȺ˵ǰͷ·޲ã̲ܰʱ깤һǮòġ
ҹ˾æ˵ҶǷģһʱʵǹ˾Ҫһʵӣһ
ԵúǳϿңҶƽ˻ɫ˵ãΪ·ǰϰնԱˣǽʡǲٵȻҲʡʽǳȴǷʽ˹ڣϰҲӦҲòѳ˵ǰͷԭ򡣡


261 ̨
Ͷ깤ոɣҶƽÿ϶Ҫڵ칫濴ߵΪĵίǣȻҲסسǣһ˻飬ϵʱֻҪܲȥǲȥԴһЩ飬صңʲô鶼ûˡ
Ҷƽ￴ӣϢһ£Ҫ쵼ɲ϶ҪȻΪ֪´£ΪܴпΣΪһ쵼ɲĹҵΣǿ϶ǲеģʿ϶Ҫһ롣
ڰ칫˼ˣǿʸϵˣǿеʱڵ濴ӣץסֻ죬϶濴ӣ˼Ĵڶڵ졣
ʱҶƽƽһߵţǿȥҶԼȥˣںһϸտһᣬ߿绰ʺ
߿ᣬıҶƽ˵ЦһʱûˣԱҲЦ˼ҶƽļͥҸ
Ҷƽڴ绰ʱڶŵӿͻȻһϢһҶǣӣ쿴ӣ
䲻˵ⷬҶƽһæͣס绰ʵô£Сܡ
Ҷǣϵˣ쿴ڼָǰĵ˵
Ҷƽæ͸߿кϿȥһҲһֻ̨ڲһϢĿ߻㣬ǴȺԷ¸·ʱȺϵģ
һԼ˵ӣҶƽһӱסŵӿ̨Ϊʡ̨Ų̄ҲֻĽĿвţû뵽ţ¿ȫˣ³׳ҲһǺ°
ҶǣڵϽ̫ˣȫ֪ˡڿͽʽ˵
Ҷƽһʱ飬Ļ֮ûзӦһ˵Сܣ֪ͨһ糿ٿίᣬоһµ·޽顣
һԼȥ֪ͨٿίᣬǺܼҪ֪ԭǿ֪ͨģ֪ͨȻǶãҶƽһϵӣҲǲ̬Ҳˡ
̨һϢǶһֿ϶ҲǶһֱ޲ߺѹ·޽ûиãǿǶԲס˼̨ıˣٿһίоһ·飬øίԱ໥ϣѵ·޽á
ڶһ磬ĸɲ඼Ϣ˽·׷ţҶƽȥȻԵúƽûΪ̨ıƮƮȻ
糿Ὺ֮Ҷƽٿίᣬо·޽顣
һʼҶƽͰ̨·˵˳Ҳ࿴ˣǱҲǺ֣أ̨ܵıˣǹҲѹ
ͬ־ǣȺԸ˳·ܵýĹעͱǶȺڹһֿ϶Ҳһεı޲ߣǸոոͶ깤·ϿʼһҪɾȺһĹ飬ȫõǰ·ȫίԱҪзֹ𣬸һƬĵضΣȷÿһ·ε·˳Уʲô⣬ÿ˶Σһ¸·εԱ
ҶƽڻҪ󣬲ȫίԱǷֹܽͨȫҪȥ·ε·̣ȷ·˳У֤
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֮ҶƽԴȥ鿴б깫˾Աǰҹ˾ֽг·Ź˾̳ܽϡ
ֱӸ̳ϴһ绰Ҷƽų̂ţ̳ϱһˣҲǺܹεģϸ˵ˣ˵ְ֮Ҷƽһ
ҶƽȻĿޣǸҪ߶ε·ȷ·˳С
̳æӦҶƽ绰֮󣬱˲磬ҶƽһָŹԱӿȣ濪չ
Ҷƽ̨ŽзӦͬʱʡһЩ쵼ҲϢŵ쵼ָʾйԱԲٽһβɷãγȽ¼棬ôҺúѧϰ
ҶƽûϵķӦ·һ٣òЩӦӲϾӰ·ûа취ϼ쵼ŵ飬ûԡ
ֻǲɷûǺˣһȽ¼ᣬϯμݽһʮֺķ£ĲԸȥ쵼ͨȥ
ûа취Ҷƽֻʡ˼Ƚ¼ᣬԱδȺ·øȺϵ¼棬ʵûʲôؾֻҪװȺڣȺȻװ㣬Ϳ벻ֻҪˣȺھͻϿɡ
һ׸˵˷öʱ䣬Լһ²ͣû뵽һ̨ı쵼ôӡ
쵼Ӳ쵼ҲţȻǿźûʲôӦֻɨһۣ֪飬Ҷڼ￴ʱ򿴵źвһո׵ӣˣǺġ
һ绰ҶûпţҶȻҲˣΪʡɲ϶ҪģҶ绰ҪһҶƽҪʲôų
ҶҲû뵽ҶƽڳĶȻᣬȥˢӣúһӣȻǸոϵˣֻҪϵˣҲҶ׽ˡ
Ҷ绰˼Ҷ̬󽫹עһҶƽʱרһ档
ҶǽʡίǣҶܸߵˣרŴ绰һСûصҶƽҲǲģܴʧᡣ
Ҷ绰ҶԱ绰Ҷƽһˣһ棬ֻжҶƽ棬˵ӡ
ҶƽӵҶĵ绰æǰǣһŸ߿ǰȥģԼϾǽˣҶף߿ҲҶҵˣԴȥǺʵġ
߿˵Ҷƽһȥǣ߷ǳˣһ·Сҵģòˡ
˾֮ҶƽֱҶľүүҶ廹ھھԱĴҶס
߿һĵطϻǱȽϽţҶƽûʲôĵġ
ʱҶҶһ壬ȥ˵鶼ҶǺ󲻾ӦؼңҶûͬ⣬һֱͬڡ
Ҷƽ͸߿һҶû̧ͷǼҶɱҶƽߵǰԼүүҶ塣


262 ش
ƽ岻ӣ˰û˵һ仰Ըʺڹٳ¡ϴһᣬҶҶ壬͵ؿҶƽ
ҶƽæЦүүղҿڰ´塣
ҶЦүүղҲӦͣһ졣
ҶƽŸ߿һ߿ҶЦϱɣȥͻݵĺܰ
߿æɵǰλүүã
ããӣҸеҵϣԽԽҵĽҪǵСҶۺ룬һͰ˵ҶԱ΢Цû˵
ҶƽҶߣҶ˵ƽ˵˵Ĺҿ̨ıûĳɷ֣
ҶƽǺһЦүүûĳɷ֣Ҳ̨˵ôߣǾʵʵعʡ̨֪زĺܺã㵽ǲɷãȻϱ̨Ҹû뵽ﲥš
Ҷ̾һƽ˵ĻʵڰǵɸʱʵҲʵʵǹʲôʽ壬ûҪҪڲˣһ̨Ǿͳˣȫ֪ˣûѹ
Ҷƽ˵ûѹǿ϶Ǽٵģѹܴ֮ʹҰøãҲΪƮƮȻ֪ȻˣĻ϶Ҫˤͷģ
Ҷƽ˶£ҶеǳοﱲжԴȤҶƽڴаۣȽϸߣһ֮ġ
ϯ˵ʢ֮ʵѸһҪעⷽ⣬гһ棬Ҳ׽˳ɼβͣһʹãúøɣֻҪһջ񡣡ȻҶƽشķǳãҶĳظһ
ҶƽͷǣȻҶԼүүһ˰ĻţҶ˽
һҶƽˣҶЦ˹ƽˣλǡ
ҶĿڸ߿ϣҶƽһæܵǶ塣
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һ˵Ҷ֪Ҷƽϱˡ
ҶҶһƽ϶鶨ôˣ
Ҷߵߵ˵Ѿˣصǽƽλӡ
Ҷ˵ͷ㿼ǵôˣ
Ҷ鲿Ҳ̸˻ȥǱߵг֣㿴źϲʣ
ҶһµûڻɹһֲһܸɵˣгҲץȫ湤ģݱίǻϸȥгʣֻҪгˣʡܵ׼ȥְɣ
Ҷ˵ͷҶû˵ʲô˵Ƕƽϱ˾ǣǹһԶٷ
ҶĻҶæȥ绰ѼȫлһԷȻҶæˣҶΰǱҲǲھǣ˰ҶüҶμȫ˼һҶƽԷ
ҶһҶƽ˵شҶƽеȷʵʺڹٳϻ죬Ҳֻھ﷢չչˡ
Ҷƽ˼УҶαЦ˵Ҷƽϵӵ£ҶüҲ֣ҶƽϵӵҲˡ
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ȻҶͻȻðЩܣǿҶƽ͸߿˶ǷǳнӣҶƽҶҵļŮҲ𽥽ҶƽҶһԱʵ
Ҷһ죬Ҷƽ͸߿һ˻ȥҲûٺϵֱӻص˲硣
ȥ֮ҶƽȫľͶ뵽·ȥ·Ź˾ȫʩ
ʩǳطæҶƽпǰҪʱŻصȥʱ䶼ڹĴ鿴ʲô⣬Ҫġ
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Феԭ꣬˵Ϊϵ⣬ǱߵϣŹ˾˲ͬ⣬ƾ˹ҵġ
һΪϵ⣬ǣ棬һʳŹ˾˾֪ôˡ
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û뵽Ȼ飬Ҷƽɵһ֮
֪֪ʲôˣҶƽʵ
˵˵еĺڶʼʱίܾǵģû뵽ǳֻôݣֱӹǵˣǵǻǲܲ
˽ģҶƽʶ˴µԣβܵĻؽӰ쵽Ź˾ڴ˴Ļԣ·ͻܵӰˡ
뵽Ҷƽ˵ǲҪģһ鴦Щ˵ˣ·Բ˸ƻ
Ҷƽ̬ȼӣæʾлȻ˽ĹȥҽԺˣҶƽֱȥɳ
Աѩڰ칫칫һ̧ۿҶƽİ칫ңıȴһȻҶƽ߿˻飬ͷһεʧУҶƽûʲôϵˡ
Ҷǣ£Աѩһı䣬վҶƽ
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һ˰Աѩһ࣬˵ôû˱
Ҷƽʱĺܿ죬ûüҹȥ֮˽һЩˡ
ҶƽڴϹʱ·ԱѩҲٶʲôñͷϣصߣȥ
ԱѩһµģҶƽɶҲ˵ˣĺȥһ˾ֳȥ


263 
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һҪ뷨ƣһҪ֮ԷܲȶֱӰ쵽ǵ·ҶƽվԱһǿ
Աѩһѩ׵׿ҶƽҶƽеĿ£湤ľͷһӢˬƷе˱ȵϵǻƯ
ɨҶƽһۣԱѩ˵ֳѾ鿴ˣȥԺǽˣнǻ֪ͨ
һ¹ӣҶƽϰ̬Ⱥͱ飬ûκεĲ֮˵Ǻã鷳ˣΪ˱֤ٳϣɳɼ˹רάصΰͬʱר֯һ֧飬ɳĹ
ҶƽĻԱѩֻǵ˵ͷȻϾȥˣҶƽص̽ΰ˹Ƿֹĸǣ֯Աάùص򣬾׼֡
ΰӦţⶫ֮ڲͳ˹¼ҹˣҶƽȻûеΣ·硣
ΰҶƽ黹Ǿþòƽһүүȥ·еʱһЩˣȥǵطһЩڶЩΣһ־ûѹգɺܻӰ죬ǰвŹ˾˵ǺηʥԱѩܲưڶһʺţǿĿûеó֮󣬼ͼв̳ˣ̳󿹲סô죿дӦЩô죿Ӱ쵽̵
Ҷƽһ룬ͻȻ뵽Ҷлᣬ绰֪һЩһûдӦа̵Ҫ󣬲֪û˻ϵһ¡
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ƽʲôңҶƽ绰Ҷͨ绰󣬾ͺܸ˵ʵ
ҶƽЦһ£˵ææ
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ҶƽЦСӹòʱȥ棬·̫æһһ¡
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ʿһô˵ɴ࣬ҶƽĻ֮Ц߸շһ£һẉ̂ʩĹ˸ˣ˵ˣ˵ûУ
ҶһҶƽ£˵ʱû˵£ҿԴһ£ˣʹ绰ô
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죬һлָûʲôҶƽŵĽſĵʱҶ˵绰һϢĶ෽֪ǰŹ̵顣
˵һˣǱˣһֱгɸ磬ҶƽкҪа̵Ǹ߳ɵˣϢǧȷ֪Ǹ̳ϲְͬһ̸ֹĻǽ̳ϱͬǵҪ
һҶƽһ绰֮󣬼æ绰̳ϣעԼİȫ̳Ͻӵĵ绰֮һŵòᣬ֪ʲôǲҪӦ߳ǵҪ
ʵ̳֪Щ˭˵ûﾭӪˣֻԱѩṩЩˣ˭ǲ֪Ҷƽ绰Ҫעⰲȫ϶ǵõĳϢ߳ЩҪˡ
̳ϴ绰Ҷƽ֪ͨԱѩԱѩ֪֮󣬱ѯ߳ɵĻ׼ץ
ڼ䣬Աѩһ飬һЩ˵ǲ֪ĻָʹǸ߳ɣ֪֮󣬱ȰѴ˵СආץסȻһ߳ɸץƻӡ
ԱѩռƻʼжԱ׼ʵʩץܿͽеһ߸ץ鰸ץס֮󣬴˸ָ߳ʹĿڹȻ׼ٴ˽߳ɸץס
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֪߳زһɳȻҴץʱŭˣҲû˸ôƽʱֳϱһССɳȻץ
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Աѩص¾֣ӵ̾鷳Ը죬ǲŻģһץһˣǾ̫ͣص˰ɣ
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¾֣ǻ費ҪǽϣԱѩһ䡣
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Աѩ绰¶ڰ칫ǰ̾Ӵӳ˵ǸСԸֱ̫ڽ죬֪ôɣ
̾Ӵӳ˵һ¾ְţʱ֤ݲ㣬˷˾ˡ
¶ͷֳԴкŵģһҪãǵӰ죬Ǯٰ˷ųȥС֪ˣ˵׷ʴ£ȫһЩ
ǳ¾֣ͷİɣһ°׵ġ̾Ӵӳ˵


264 ̳ûסѹ
Աѩѽƽ̾ӵҶƽ㱨һ£Ҷƽ֪󲢲˽飬ֻܲܰˣԱѩӦû⡣
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һҶƽҲɣ̴ǰϲ鿴ȥ˳Ź˾ϵĸˣ˿Ҷƽʵ£µӣ˵ϻ
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Ҷƽһ£Щ³ҪµģΪľ
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ҶƽηӣǸͷ˾һߵҶƽǰָҶƽвصǵίǾ˲ˣ㣬֮ǾˮˮԼҲ
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ǰͷ˾װƵģҲ˵ԼܣΪίǵݣһСסˣ񲻾ͳС£
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绰ҶƽһӦͷ˾һ߶Ф˵
Фй˲ñѪæͳֻ绰
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ҶƽȺڱŭʮ˾˲ͻǸſ£˾ǿǲˡ
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ʮ˾ŲҲʼˣ˾ܣҶƽһָ£лȥ׼ߡ
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ܣҶƽüȺڽǸ˸סˡ
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һ¶ָʾǿӦţҲеΣܰѰӾ˽Ҳϣ顣
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°ʱԱѩ˴һ绰һӵĵ绰˾ĵĻϲԱѩĹϵжôãΪԱѩ׷ߡ
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Աѩ׷ʵʲôǲǰȫץˣ
شɽԱѩһۣһ˵ӣü֪ԱѩЩ
ʲô˵ԱѩվŴѺشɽһ


266 Դ
оԼЩʧ̬úشɽ֪ĿģĻشɽ¾Ͳ˵ˣһ뵽ԱѩæӦȥ
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оԱѩ˵еǱĸɾ£治ǣԱѩԭӵİ참ˣԼе뷨ԼһٷһܳԳɡ
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شɽһԱѩѩ׵ļ˵ѩֻ㣬ǧҪ˵ˣ֪϶ҵƤ
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ǺǣҶƽû뵽߿룬̫ḻˣæЦĶȥˣ˼ҿǻûн飬Ҫѻʿ죿˵ղſȫ˵
߿ŵص˭֪еʱһ仰˵Ҳ죬ͨ
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˾Χɳ׷߿ͣЦţҶƽеûղźܿڹⶺ棬һˣ׷һᣬ߿ŲסҶƽһȥסеߣ
߿ҶƽĻЦһӣҶƽʵܲ
ˣ㴦ˣ߿һĵЦҶƽҲǺǺһЦյźţתȥ


267 ȥؾ
ڶ죬Աѩ칫ңҶƽѩܴܲ˽߳ɸץˣ
ԱѩѰٽңҾͿԴȥץڳ¾ֿȥҹӣûоڣ˾֤߳ɵʱҪ֤ûʾ
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ˣɽе㲻ţһίǣһίǣŴأ


268 ףӴҪ
ɽȻţ¶һ˵֪鲻ô򵥣ίǵ֧֣Ȼйֵĳ񸱾ֳҲû˼ί࿹Ⱑ
ûа취ɽ¶ͨ绰֮ȻԳ¶Щ˵ʵһʱҲ޷ǿ¶ô졣
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⣬ɽ绰ɽı֮ɫû˵ʲôֻ˵֪ˣҶ˵绰
ͷҵ绰ɽɫҲȻͬɲίŹ취ֻǹֵĳ񸱾ֳ˵˽㲻ʵҲĲͣͬʱйֲμӹͬɲû̫ɻеﲻã²ȥ죬ǣصطһйֵĸֳܰƽģ¶˵飬ȴ⣬ʱһΣλ䵽ͷϣĵùҲԸɡ
оˣҲܹôˣôɣ
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ڰ칫ףӴһЩ飬Ҷƽ˽еһ
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ףӴ̾һƽǰƼһѣƽǰҪ﹤θг
һףӴҪﵣθгҶƽæЦϰ壬ףˣ⼸ķչĹͣ
ҶƽĻףӴ΢΢¶һЦݣҶƽҲû취飬ƽҪˣֻȫ֧ҵĹʵҵڶָϼ꣬ĻصķչֲնͻȻȥоź
ףӴĵӣҶƽοϰ壬ڵķչֲ඼ˣʹ뿪Ҳûʲôźģ˵ƣԼֶ֧صĹġ
ףӴĮȻؿ˿ǰҲֻˣ֪˭ҵλӣ㣬ҸϣٽһһƽǰƼġ
ҶƽûпԼһչ飬ףӴĻʵϰ壬˳᲻λӣ
ףӴҵƼǲ֪ίջοǣƽûʱ侫Щˡ
ҶƽͷûȥףӴһߣճίλӿ϶ΪҶĶ˳Ϊس϶λ⼸ףӴϻĬģףӴҲԸƼίǵľȨϣί
ƽԶίǣƾףӴƼӦ࣬ƽԶҪߣɶףӴƼ㲻ˣôܿǵЩ⣿
뵽ЩҶƽᵽƽԶһߣףӴһϾףӴ˺ܶ£һֱƽϵıǩһЩ쵼Ҳпܲ˳ۣƽԶһţϸгλãƽԶߺ󣬿϶ʰ
ֻҪϸгͲЩ쵼ҵˣͬףӴвٵ֧֣ףӴһߣǶҲЩΪҲףϵıǩ
һ룬ҶƽҲЩ


269 뷨
ǮԣҶƽóһǮİ칫¥װһ£ȻһЩ豸һ´ҵİ칫λİ칫ȷʵ̫ˣ滹һЩϾɵΣµ˽ȷʵ񻰣һҲǿԵġ
ûȥָߵװ޺͹칫豸ϾȺڻԣһŸҪǮĵط
ҪչȻҪУرһЩũѧУܲ߿ԭͨϣСѧĿһЩǮֻǸ˲ѧУũѧУǱȽϵƾɡ
뵽ԼѧʱƾɵķӶҶƽóһ󲿷ǮȫСѧУһ£ίϣҶƽ顣
һѴ󲿷ֵǮҪͶ뵽ȥһЩίԱǳĬǾոǮӸպùһӰǮͶ뵽ȥһûǮˣоϹȥ
ҶƽǰǮͶ뵽Ҳʮ궼ʲôЧ桢ôʮ֮һЩҪ˲ţʱǷǣǽһǳ˲ĳɾͣһ¾ʹ˳ȥ˼ҲΪôǮеĽ෴ǻΪٴѧоٲʿĽһҷչԵĹܴܴʧֻҪýĻķչָտɴԼʡһЩǮͶǣԶдϣ֧ΪǵӺ츣
ҶƽĻȾίԱҷ׷ͬľóڷչ
ؽֵ쵼һԸóչҲܵжˣֳר磬ҶƽʾлȫؽȽһǲġ
ҶƽĻֻ΢΢һЦΪʲôֻеܴٽȫķչϵķչûõĹΪ˼ҷһǿġ
ΪֹܽίԱҶƽľȻʮֵ֧֣ҲίԱļʣϾһͶôǮһӷˣФﶼЩڼֹܽô䵽ˡ
ҶƽôǮɲôģǮȫɰ֧䣬üί糤лǿǿȫʽľʹõ䣬ҶƽͰСİ壬ǰһôþôõġ
ҶƽǮͶ뵽еʱﴫףӴеθгϢʡί֯ǰʡίףӴͬ־ΪигѡˣίίоףӴͬ־ΪԱ
ζףӴм쵼ɲУҶƽæ绰ʾףأڵ绰УףӴίһְίʱûȥܻҪһʱ䣬ʱ䣬ᾡһЩ⡣
ĻҶƽ֪˵ʲô϶ҪԶصһЩԱţ뿪أûʱˡ
ʱΪʡί֯ʡίƣʤӵĵ绰æ档
ʱȴίһ˵Ż
ûرܣǽһ˹ɵ졣
ʤʱҲеһЩȣ֪ʲôϵʤȴҲ֪ʲôϵ˶йϵһʶˡ
ʤƲûʲô£ֻһ棬׽Ͼ֯ʱ䲻λ̫ãʹ֧Ҳð졣
ĵúȺ֪ǳʲôĿġ
һί֯Ҳ˹һ˹ʤһܹӣ󣬱Цźк
ʤһоٴﲻʣΪҪ֮ģȴǲ岻죬һӣ룬վкȳȥˡ
ȵһȥͺ˺˽ܵ
˳֪ףӴҪеθгԺ󣬼ʼŵίǵ£һףӴùϵһʼ߶
ί·ϵȽ׽ˣλίǣõ׿ϲС
ףӴְԱгѡ֮ȥ·
ʵʱ·ҲΪԼλŬϾƽԶһߣг½λпܵгѡθ㲻λӣһεĻͺΣˣһһҪ뷨λ
˳ûжʱ£뵽˳ΪسףӴ֮󣬽ίҲǺ£ȻӦҲûʲôġ
ڼ˳Ժ·ģףӴί֯ƼľֻҪʲô⣬ίǿ϶ġ
һ·˵˳˵ˣͬʱҲܸмףӴƼûףӴƼҪ뵱ίǷǳѵġ
˳뵱ίǣͬ뵱سһεسĻᣬ˳ϣ˳ȴǽȵǵسлᵣίǣ뷨سˡ
ףӴȴǲôϲףӴҶƽ˸س̬Ⱥƽûһ뵱س˼ڵϣҶƽٽһҶƽٽһĻͲڶְˣϾҶƽŮĹϵͬ쵼ӳԱݹ涨Ҫرܵġ
֪ףӴϲ飬溣˵֧֣ⶫĹϵ븱гĻ֮佨ϵĻг¹ϵȽϺãĻ˵仰سһְġ
ŷ۾ڶλӣҶƽʱû뷨ĵȻҲǺܹעûŽλ뷨
ףӴȻһ֪Ҳûʲôλӣʹ밲ţҲûлᣬЩĵģֻҪѹãˡ
ĸɵؽţĸɲ֪İҪҲĴһ쵼ûʶܴϹϵġ
ΰھⷽ飬ҶƽԵʣֻҪףӴһίǣίǾ᲻ȥֻҪףӴߣ˱˵ίǣа취ȡᣬϾⶫ֮ĹϵϵûȽϽܣͨ溣ӸεƣȻ뿪硣
ףӴεθг֮һ£Ȼûбȥ䶫ίǵļƽԶٳû뿪УףӴίһְͳٳûȥЩ


270 ĵ
ףӴŶһЩвֵʱﴫƽԶʽίǵϢʡίί֯ӡʡίƽԶ밲ʡίǡ
ƽԶڴһĸףƹ࣬ƵĸɲȺڽ꣬ٱ֮ʱٸĳȣпǧ
ƽԶĽиȾĸɲܸжеĹίڼ˺ܴɫҪ鹦иŬԼӵеϲԴ
ڴϱ̬ܽƽԶίһְﵱȻǷǳˣڵгڼ䣬ȻƽԶ࿹⣬ƽԶ֮ʱίǣƽԶµõĻίһְҪøһЩ
ʡίί֯ӡڴҪ˴֮ǰеĹжҪΪƽԶҪߣƽԶ鲿ѾȷΪʡɲټƽԶͥⱳܲ
ףӴڻҵ棬̨ϵ쵼ｲƽԶˣλˣ£ûʲôõӡܾôЩգڹǹӭƽԶƽԶ¡
뷨ҲƽԶ̸ƽԶû̫⣬ڹٳϴƴ˵ĸ˵Ʒºãĸ˵Ʒ»޷ΪһЩϵļ㣬ֻҪܹȥԸɻǲܼƽôġ
ᣬƽԶʽжΣʽΣ˴βûагְһְͬʱίǺгȨƶȻ
ƽԶ֮ǰףӴһ棬ƽԶȥȽɣʱȥȥ
ףӴȻæӦһۣƽԶ˵ӴչչҶƽһ㲻Ҫġ
ƽԶҶҪƵϢѾ֪ҲѾ֪ҶƽҶ׵£Ҷ֮ҶƽȻܵӣףӴҶƽ֮佨ùϵףӴǺкôġ
ףӴȻʱ֪ƽԶϢʵϰ壬ʲôгһְ˭Σ
˭ΣƽԶЦ˵
ףӴ·ΰɣ
ƽԶļЦгˣȲҪżʱҸк
һƽԶһ˵ףӴ˵ף·гµίǣ˵Ĺϵһ㣬Ȼ˵˸гҲκβǰԵĻҲǺܡ
ƽԶ֮ûܣٿίίᣬȥףӴĶίְΪίǡ
ףӴȥίǲ˵⣬ͻȻһӵίȴ˸еԾίǣûιְ񣬶ҲûйȥίǵξȻζίȴǳܶ˵Ԥϡ
ί·ζίǸеλӦ˳ģҲ˳˱֤û뵽ȴλ
ڼίгƨµгһְһʱˣû¿ܽµгһְء
һЩίˣڳίϸûȥί֯Ѿ֪ϴƣľ顣
ίίһ꣬Եί֪˳ܿܶĴ治ȥһ˱ȽϺá
ҶƽͰСһǰسǲμεĸɲᣬһİصίǣʵΪǳԾףӴ£˳ȴûнλúܶ˴۾ˡ
ףӴ֣ί֯ίҪ˳ڴϱ̬
Ȼ˳ʾȫӵίԿԴĻпв˵ӣΪᵽֵίһְȻø˱ˣ·˭϶еơ
ȻƣǹҲЩƣ˳ίǣлᵣس˳ûλҲûλͨ溣ⶫĹϵҲûʲôã˰죬Ҫίǡ
ףӴڻ˽عڶصĹҲһ
ȵףӴһȥ֮˳صԼİ칫Ҿˤ˲豭¥˲඼ˣ˭ҵİ칫ȥ
ͬʱԭףӴǸ칫ңʽίһְһίǣȻҲ̫ԭɲڵίҲɲһ浣ίǣǾԵãһֻίǿˡ
˶֪ôλģϴǰ֪еϵĹϵҲǲ֪ʵĹϵ治ʲôҪĹϵﵽԼĿġ
ʡίУѧϰͬѧϵҲʲôҪĹϵ빨ʤִ֮ѧͬѧϵ
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Ĺϵ۸ӣȻ˳·֧֣Ҳֹͨϵ뵱سȴίһֵ飬¸ոΣϲὫףӴµλӹֽˣҪ¶ҪطݣʱƽԶһߣȡףӴְȻλְû˸Һ⣬һгλγɳͲôðˡ
³֮˳ϣҲӡ֤ףӴյжϣӦȫ֮£һЩίûǣơ
һ뵽µǿ֮ӵĵ⣬µĸ˶֮û˸⣬Ȼ˳ܻﲻҪֻҪȫص´ȨŷӴ£ķڷˡ
ھͿĸί߿£ˣ˭£˭˭ŸɣŷӽǸߡ
ţʤͻȻ˽΢ЦһҲǺܸˣ˽˶еϵҹʤεֻ֯Ҫȵȫص´Ȩˡ


271 
ǣӭΰһ߽İ칫ңʤ΢ЦŶ˵
һЦ˽ЦϹһлҪְ֧
ʤ˵ص֧ǿ϶ˣǸӣֻ֧ûð
һ˵Ŀһ˵Ϲ˵һ˵
Լӵӣʤе⣬ԭʱȻ֯ףӴϲ֯úܲģ˵˲㣬һϵҪʲô϶ҪģԺ֯Ȩɾʹˡ
ʤԣɫһЩ֮˵ǣףӴ﹤꣬˲ٵˣܶ˶ɫ£Ȼ˳ûжΪ֮ƣΪҪףӴڶصӰΪ
ʤ˵ĺֱףĿһ˵ϹҸһлȶΪȻףӴ»Ĳȣ
ʤҲش󶯣ֻҪһСɱ￴ֻҪסףӴԭЩƾȶˡ
˼һ룬ڹʤҪȻͬһ󺾣ܾ˲ô̤ʵյһлҪСΪ
룬ʵϹôɱ￴
ʤһЦǣ֪ܲףӴһˣҲĺˣֻҪһ£˾ʵˣ
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ʤĵίҶƽ˵ιףӴ飬ܵףӴΣѾƼ絳ίˣһ£ҹЩνףϵȫᵹ
˹ʤĻ룬ͻȻ߳ɵСӲڲɽ绰Ϊ쵼Ĳָ߳ɲűץģ쵼ףӴʤᵽҶƽףӴĺˣô˵һҶƽ鱨ףӴȻףӴŲ֡
һ룬Ȼ˵ҶƽľģҶƽְһ壬ʤһпһС
ҶƽףӴĺ֮⣬ûĹϵȻˣһתʹʤóʲô⡣
ʤתת˵ĹϵУǲ̫⡣
ʲôϵʤʵ
ʤʵҶƽǳسŮҶƽ϶ˣԸ񵭣̫ҶƽŮίʱҪرܵġ
ҶƽǸŮһ£ʤûֻҪ֪ˣѸ˵òΪԴʹ¶ġ
һҶƽǸŮͷǶ˶оð죬ϾǳسŮ϶ǽ˳ˣһǱߵͲ岻ˣǶһ顣
һ룬˵Ϲҿ»Ҫӳ顣
һ˵ʤæϸǰ˵ǣ㵣ĸĻҾǿԲȡһַҶƽְˣ
ôʵ
ʤҶƽǲίǣڲ緢չıȽϿ죬һӳΪȫصвһְֱףӴ϶˵ᵹ˳ԱҪίһְˣȻҪǵ̬ȣֻҪǽһҪţŸҲ˵ʲô
ĸţ
ʤתת˵Ҷƽǰһ̨ǲСȻý򽻵Ǻβţ˵ǶãȻ磬ǣһô
ʤ飬ӣúõһ˵˵ίĸ
ʤûΪ˰ȷΪһĸĸ϶һʹﵽĿ𣿡
һ˵оⲻҶƽȽǳмһȥʸ϶Ųһίоʱרȷһʾãĸⲻ
ϹͰ죬Ҷƽ֮˭βǣʵ
ʤȻǵĿֻҶƽ˾Ͳ˴󶯣ίһְ糤Сˣ糤һְȥǣô
оʤ˵ϳ֮ԣ糤һְһʱһоʲôβͣ⼸Ҫ߷һЩϸɲѵİ¸ˡ
û⣬ǡãʤܸˣæӦš
ʤת׼ȥͻȻʵϹعֵĳ¶ǲףӴˣ
һʵ⣬ʤһ˵¶ףӴ֮ǰѵιֳ˵ǲףӴˡ
ĻشֳһҪְλȥҲһ¡
ʤû뵽רᵽ˳¶⣬²⵽¶϶ԭΪʲô󣬾Ҫְ˵¶˻һˡ
ʤȥһЩ飬¶йֵĻϵҲȻ̫߳ϣҲó¶ιֳˡ
ڿҪҪӽȻжԼûܽسһְеˣһ֪ίǵģ˼һµˣԣǾԣһõ顣
Ҫʵģ˳϶Ҳʾ϶ìͷ׼ϾίǣҪЭίǹģΪ˱ԼΪԼҲ
ʤΪ׳ںԺ󣬱ŷȰѹһԼ˳ˮۣͶĻ
һĴԭǸ뷨ʧˣҶƽְ̲ݻ
ʱҶƽû뵽ıѾʼڻͷ·ָũСѧĽ蹤æؼ߿ž۵ʱ䶼ûС
Сĺ湤ίԱæµֻΰһȻ뿪سǡ
ʤټȥΰ糤һְΰⶫãһԹɫ糤԰ѲܺõУСһŮ֮ίǣҲԿΰ
һǣΰ糤ľģȰй̸̸


272 ʤı
֮ΰϵıǷḻҶƽʱҲûյСĺ𾴣·һӱţƵġ
Ҷƽַ֣ûô⣬ǹ¼ҹˣڲʲô
죬Ҷƽӵί֯绰ί֯һˣҪ̸
֪Ҫ̸ʲô飬ҶƽίԺ֯ʤ
ӣҶƽƣ֪СôԸ
ңҶƽ˽ȥǳ˵
ʤͻȻ΢Цһ£Ȼһµ˵ƽͬ־Ҵί̸°ɣ
һӣҶƽɻʤ֮˵ƽͬ־ίҪ쵼İţԼ֯ɲľ񣬴ӼǿɲĽǶȳίίû
ȻϢҶƽɷ⣬ʵΪʲôҪҵڲӵĹûأ
ʤڲĹʱ䲻ˣһطϹ˵ͷչǺܲģͬʱҲĹãί㵽Ƚ¼̨÷سǿصҽҲǽһãϣܷ֯š
ҶƽĬƬ̣ʵίǷѾˣ
ʤһ۵Ƕ̸֯ίǷͲҪˣ˵˵ɣ
һʤ˵Ҷƽ֪ίỹûٿڲȡóί
Ҹ˾Ҳʺϴû飬ϵǼߵ£ûжϵһǴڲ繤ΪáҶƽһ£̬
ʤĿһһѹѹ˹Ҷƽͬ־˼벻֯ţ
һۣҶƽίỹûһ˲ȫ֯ɣ
һֶײԼʤѹסŭ֯Ҵ̸֯һ㣬ôôʶʱ񣿡
ҶƽЦҲ֪ʲôʶʱ֯֯˵Լ˵Ҳ֯ţ㻹ҵʲôֱҵְˣֵһɣҪҿʲô֯ŵĴñӣҳܲ𣡡
Ҷƽ˵֮󣬾վ׼뿪ʤķ䡣
ӣʤҪƢģ뵽ʱûбҪٷʲôƢ˵һ˵ֱȥְˣȻ뵽ȥǾ⣬ְ֮󲻸κεİš
һ룬ʤһصȻ˵ǺãҾְֱҲȥϰˣؼϢίŰɣ
˳¿ʤһץסҶƽе©ֱҶƽҪٻزϰˣ·ڳίǣֱӿˡ
һۣҶƽߵصôҵְҪôһţǵƣ
˵꣬Ҷƽתȥ⹨ʤְʤѱӣҶƽ֮ץ绰ʹ
һҶƽԸ뿪磬ﵱȻҲǲҶƽӺܴ󣬶ұ϶Ҳ͹ʤаڲݽҶƽɲһǳ׵顣
ʤͽٿίְֱ£֮Ҳֳ嶯ȻҶƽкӰţҪȡֶΰˣһҶƽȻǶףϵˣʵǿףӴгС
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ҶƽӹʤԺһ룬о·ǳΣרģʤȻһֱֻܾ֯ԼûίҪ쵼⣬ܺԼ̸ⷬⱳһı
뵽ΰͻȻӣҶƽеıӦǹʤһʱѪȵıոյصίǣͳУȻ϶ŹʤҲ벻֧֣û֧֣ʤûȨµġ
ôһ룬Ҷƽеʮּ֣һӦǴ绰ԼǴƵףӴ
ףӴһʤͻȻ֮ȥҶƽίְ˵ΪɲҶƽίְȻһдʣۻ˵öôƯ벻ǸʵĿģʤĿ뽫Ҷƽĵ̡
ףӴһӾͿ˹ʤ⣬ͬʱҲⲻǹʤһ˵˼ίְһκͶдѹȳҶƽȻһִߴߴ˼
ƽȥ̸һ̸£Һʹ»ϵһ£ǵıóѣ㻹ڲΪãڲôõĻ׷ûӹʤĻǳã㣬ʵϻҵģǲףӴ֮ҶƽԸ
ҶƽԼԼҲ²⵽£ףӴıǩһΣ϶ְһɽ𻢵ãҲƽԶ֮ǧټҪףӴΪгԵʣһߣףӴǶίǣƽԶɫ̫ܵһί쵼ã
ʵ⣬ûεؼ쵼ɲУԸֽڵְһξһӡ
ףӴĻҶƽǰһ£һίҪȡıʱ
ûпĵԭȵĸƽ⣬˳ûеίǶѻףӴһ룬һʱȺףʩչȭŵʱ˭Ҫץסʱ㶯ʾĴڣǿԼ
һžߵҶƽϣûԤϵνɮ濴棬ҶƽŮҶƽӣҲҪԼһӰɣСԼҲǳسʵԭףӴҲҪֱ棬֮Ȼ˿Ҳѵʵôǿ
һü룬оֻҶƽĻӦô죬ܿǹʤҪãһǹʤѸٵĻҸôһ⣬ϤôֱҶƽ
һ뵽ˣеʤ̫ˣȻƽʱΪƽͣʱҲǲɵŭ˵ԭһͬţǳسʤǸس֮仹Ž飬ھȻҶƽд


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ʤİ칫ңɫܲÿ⸱ӣʤÿΪҶƽˣ򲻻⸱顣
ϹҶƽڲɵúúõģô̸ҪȥҲǱȽߣһֱ˵ضԹʤ˵ڹʤǰûʲôҪġ
һʦ֮ƣʤæЦϸߣίСҶҲһɲķɲϴһطɣҪλܶҪ˵أˣǾİɣ
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Ϊϲ˷ڿЩŭӣʤҲЩҲסˣҪ˵ڸ¸ȻཻͬţˣֻҪߣټ֧֣ǰ;ǸܱģΪһ仰뷨Ե̫ˣ
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뿪ʤķ䣬еʤܿҪһУҪ벻ùʤﵽĿģ뷨ĳίУһ뵽ľ˳˳سҵ˳ʶҶƽҶƽεελϵģ˵Ҳһϵ
ʤڸ֮󣬲ûʲô뷨Ҳûҵ¸ʲôҶƽְ뷨ˡ
˵ϰ˵ӵʱίĳίҵƹͨټٿίίᣬоصشԼϵĵ
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ҲһЩһʼͶ˵ӣҪе滮ù滮ֳһϵı棬Ȼ᳣ίۡ
һȶӣίҷ˳Цſڱ˵ΪسǵĹ滮ʱ׵˻˲ƣصĲһֱ㣬άԭĹ滮Ϊá
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ףӴ仰˽һҪɫ治Ƿһһʰˡ
һоزоЩˣôೣίԣίҲһʤ￴Ϊȼ˵سǹ滮ǴȫطչĴֳһ飬ΪǷίǵĹҪģҪȫطչĴֳͳһ˼һӿѧĹ滮
˵÷ǳƯίȥʤҲеԼ˵ò˵֮󣬱
һǸӣ䲿ί־Ц˵Ϲʲôʱой滮ˣ˵һһ׵ģ
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ɫص뿪˻᳡ڱʱ˵ķ飬һȥʤаϲһ˾һ
˵һɣԸȥҲû˵ʲô͹ʤ֮ǰԤһµģ϶Ҫرܡ
Ļһ˵꣬Ŀͣ˳ϣ˳ɫ˵ҶƽᣬҲĿǰչҪ֣ҪţĹ϶ܴܵӰ죬صķչֳҶƽ뿪磬Ҫ֮Ҷƽ뿪ò磡
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277 β
֪ҶְҶƽһأҶĵǰľһϢֻҪҶվȽŸ˾޷׶
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ҶЦүӷҪܲ𣬲ҲŵأջԸԳˣ
ҶƽǺһЦ˭ô󵨣ҺͶ
ҶЦ˻ҵĺѣֽ˲ڹԺ칫Ҳֻܶܵһˡ
˲ҶƽͻȻָеܶ죬һ룬ʵ壬Ҽһٲģ֪˲ʲôϵ
Ҷû뵽ٲǸӵĹϵôʶ
ҶƽЦʶϴ֪һʱ򣬼һ档
ҶЦЦԺǴ򽻵ɡ
Ҷ˵Ҷƽ˲δؾҶĺѣܿľ֡
һᣬҶƽʱ䳤ܲ˵һߵ
һʵҶƽ壬ߵأٳϵ̸ڣҪ򿪾Ҫһ˲ǡ
Ҷƽļ⣬Ҷ⣬ֻʣڿҪҶƽ׽ˡ
Ҷʵô÷ڻгֻίǣҪһʱɣϤ֮ʽгһְʱĹҪ
Ҳ²⵽Ҷƽ壬˶һεĵеõһЩôһͶǵ·Ƕ϶ӭԴܻܿӦҪģ
ҶҶƽ˵ķǳееʵƽøô죿
Ҷƽһ˼ڴ֮ǰпǣҶվȽŸܶҶһ¼ҹˣδܶһ֧á
ƽһЩǴ˴ûеõΣȻһֲ֮ģƽԭڵĸгףӴƽεҲҵ쵼ӦȼЭȻǱߣίֻҪĹһܺõáҶƽ
Ҷͷʵأ
ҶƽȻθֻһɣҽھͰᵽǱ߰칫߼ռǵλӣȻеų⣬ڶʱȡǵ֧ǲܵģվλãһбãۼܴƾ棬µľ档
Ҷͣصͷ֯ȹίǵȻҲһֺ⣬һг壬¹չԭĲһٳٲг˶Ӧ潫޷򿪣ʱҲɣĻгˡ
뵽Ҷƽ⻰ңҵٻؾһ˽£һȡһĿƣһȡԪ֮ǰδг
ҶĻҶƽеöˣ˹Ŀ˾ͻҶĿ࿴Ȼгһ˳£˾żҲûлˡ
ҶƽͷҶֶƽ߶ϤҽһЩһӰĸɲһҪ齨Լĸɲ飬һ¡
Ҷƽϴİɣһܵġ
ڶ죬Ҷί鳤׵ͬµеһЩϸɲн߷ãȡϸɲ֧֣ϸɲȻλˣλʱ˲ٵЩһҪǵʵģ߷ǳԲ˿
ƽԶµǴ˴ûеõλãƽԶϾڰʡˣҪǰʡί£ƽԶʱû
ҲҶһѣҶƽ˵ֵطʵɣһطʵɵѸһãΣ÷ȫ֧
׶Ҷĵ˵ǻӭǲӭû̫뷨оܵ˴ЭϾͿˣϾ䲻ˣٽһĿЩ͡
Ҷǰ죬гԺҪһε֣ףӴһףӴֻǸĸгȻ֮ǰƽԶ飬һӰ϶׳ʱ䵣ί쵼䱳ڵǿ뽫׺ףӴ˶ԼĻ
Ҷ÷׵γгԼһЩĸɲҲŵ׵ְ񣬲һֱ鳤ģ˴λؾҪһ⡣
ǺԺҶд˴ʮӣ뿪С
ҶȥҴң²֪Ҫʲô֪ҶгģְгҪȥҶг֮һʲôӣҲ˿ǡ
ڵĳгѾܣҪת˴ЭȥĻγг֯ģҶĵһƻֻ뷨γгˣȻ뷨һίǵί鳤׵˴θȥһ㡣
ίڷ仯ͬʱڶҶƽ֣ڹʤЭ֮£ίٿίίᣬȻ˳˶Ҷƽ֧̬ȣ󲿷ճίᣬķû𵽾ãҶƽȥίһְ
ͬʱСίְΰҲԸԳ˲糤ղ죬Ҷƽ뿪硣
һʱģҶƽڵ֪Ϣ֮ȻƽвһεʧУϾڲ繤ô꣬źĸ飬ȴҪ뿪ˣ˸а
ԽԽܱ¶Ҫ˾Ǹ߸뿪Ĳǣ֪Ϣ󣬰Сһİ칫ҵ
СȻίǣ֪ΰĴڣĹѸˣҶƽڵʱɵһЩҶƽһߣʵ˸е
ûһܵκϲı飬ҶƽЦ糤ԺͽˣҪŵ
СһįصҶǣǲΪҺܸˣҪҺõίǵģ
ҶƽǺһЦܻ룬ܽҵλӣҾ͸еܸˣȻˣǶԲķչһǻʱ̹עģ
촽˿ҶƽС俴ȥЩʹصƽҸоίǲƽģ


278 ͱȺ
ҶƽһʱȻˣǼǿصһз֯ţ糤ķչԺҪˣʲôҪҵĵطܴ绰ҡ
ҶƽһصӣСֻõ˵ͷתЩˡ
֪ҶƽҪߣһЩвɲæĸɲģһҪˣͷȻǸеʧ䣬һأ߹Ҷƽ֡
Ҷƽ΢ЦſǣǱʾллһֱϵ֧֣ӭǳسȥϵ
ǰסҶƽĵصҶǣǲ쿴ˣ
˵ӣҶƽһЦ骣ֲǵԶطȥȥңȥңһӭҶȥ
ҶǣҪҲǰ˴˵
ҶƽЦһģȻ뿪˲磬ǲһֱҵļңһᾭġ
ҶǣúϢϢӣôƴˣ˹ĵ˵
ҶƽǺһЦɲԼֻҪй϶вţҲע壬úñء
ЩĸɲһҶƽʼձЦݣԸñ˿֮ʱôˣĻЩ˿ЦȻȥҪػġ
Щɲ˵껰֮Ҷƽ׼ʰһ¶뿪磬ְѾϣͲˣȻС䲢ûߵ˼Ǳ˻˵л
ʰҪߵʱ򣬳ˣһҶƽ˵ƽҪˣ
ŴظһһӣҶƽ߽ŵʽˣճС䵱ǣӦ֧Ĺġ
ҵΰԳӲȻֻ糤֪Ϊˣ°С䲻Ķ֡
Ҷƽ˼㲻õģȻղίԱҲɵӣǻվڰСһߵģҪ붯㣬ûôףʲô绰ң֮ΰƻ׳ĳӲͬרΪϰշģһҪץ
ص˵ͷƽ֪ˣϵģһᰴҪȥģֻҸоεЩɵúúõģΪʲôҪ߰
ҶƽЦܸӣ˵ʲôûˣһӦµģİɣ
Ȼ֪ҶƽǳǺܵ£Ҷƽ;ǳ˳Ǵ˴εȴ˵ĸо;һۣͲܵôˣҶƽ˵һ
ƽԺǺлˣڽ˻飬Ҳֱȥˣɫ΢죬ͷҶƽ˵
ʱ飬Ҷƽſ۰㣬ʱȥңСˣӵһ°ɣ
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ҶǣʱһȫǰסҶƽ֣ȻҶƽĹϵ̫ãǴ˴ΰλǲģҶƽﵣǣʱϵҶƽ˵仰ġ
ҶƽЦЦһģˣˡ
Сǻ˻֣ҶƽС׼ȥ
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Ҷǣ·޺ˣӽˣǴѧУñ¥ãʲôŪˣȴҪˣǲԸ߰һվȺһ˵
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ȺҶƽĻ֪֮ҶƽʱҲǺܱˣһʱǲ֪˵ʲôˣС߹һȥɣҶҪˣ
ЩȺֻҶƽĳȥʱмͻȻſڣӳˣһԭˮ೧ҩĸˣǵ֪ϢҲæҶƽͱ
ûа취ҶƽֻٴδӳǣԲôĸˣǽ֣ǺúþӪҵǲġ
Ҷƽ˵Ȼǰҵ֮߱䲻䣬Ͳˣ˵ͬʱСվԱߣҲ˵ҶȻˣҶƶ߲䣬ǵҵᷢչԽԽá
λӵĸЦҶǣҶˣǹһͣҶԶõѡ
һ飬ҶƽһνסǵֵллУ鷳ǵģ֪ˣˣǻȥɣ
ӵĸϵҶƽأȻҶƽϳҶƽٴ׼ȥͻȻһҴҵشԺ濪˹


279 յѡ
֨һҶƽĳǰͣ£ԱѩһӢˬĴӳ£Ŀ⾼ؿҶƽ߰ɣҸ㿪

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ѩллңҶƽҲؿԱѩ
ԱѩĿһʱ𴦣Ҷƽ۾ֱӣǰˣ̫뷨ΪһֵŮˣûҶƽȥԺĻˣֻܹһͱһ飬ȴ޷ô˵Ҷƽ˵ʲô
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ǺðɣʱңҵԷҶƽ΢Цһ˵
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ҶƽЦûϵ˵ӦҲǿԵġ
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Ҷƽ룬ڴӦǺãżȺڣ͵·ڰɣ
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ҶƽĳӽԶȥԱѩоһʱˣҶƽӡǵĲӴ˽ˡ
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Ѿתսʡǣû棬ͨ绰Ժ󣬱ҶƽҶƽԼΣĹ䣬ˮ೧ܵӰ졣
ʵɺҪΪʹҶƽˣƾʡǽ˼Ҳ˴иʲôƻֻǾҶƽ뿪Ӧǽ֮뿪˵Ҷƽûн뿪˲磬ǻоǶలο֮⣬Ҷƽֻ֮ЦЦûʾʲô
ĵ绰ҶƽĬĬ͸⣬ɺеӦڽ֮ߣ˸ǻΪˣڵسְ»кܶЦ
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صڰ̾Ҷˣ̾Ҳûˣʱһسȥ
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ҿվһǵģϾҶǵĹϵǲģ㶼վΰǱߣҲ˽ģˣСֶ㣬һе뷨أûӦҺóʱ䣬ҶҸ˵£˳Űѹȥһ˵˳
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֪ͺãһҪһֱҶԣһܱҶǡ
ص˵ͷҪƽϢһ飬ֻͻȻˣһȻΰԴģæֻҲеŵʱ绰ʲôӻǲӣ
Ҳе糤ǲҲӣץ˰ѱ
æϿӣʲô
ռæѵ绰Цŵ糤գʲô£
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Ҳ޴룬żصСһ㣬£ǧҪסܱҶǣ
صص˵ͷ˳ȥ


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Сȫ̸껰Ӱ칫߳пպΰҲӰ칫˳ȥ˵˵ЦЦԵúܡ
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ۿôܣܵǣ˹ʺ糤㿴ţ糤϶
ղŵص㶮ʲô˼쵼ϹϵˣԺǰ;ĺܣǳģ
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Ҷƽϸţ֪֮ߣΪڴǰ¶һ棬ôʶһ£չ
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㲥Ӿ˱̬ʱ˾ͿʼСڵӾߣܶ˶һЩŮ߶ҵİ칫ȥ
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ԣɽׯԷʱԴҶƽЩ䵭֣֪ԸҶƽֹܣȻջҶƽֹܵӾֵ뷨
෢֮󲻽üͷ˱ˣǴЩطʵŲٵĹϸЩ˵ϻŵӾֵľֳҶƽô飬Щ޷ܡ
ҶƽûֹܵӾֵ뷨Ҳǲô죬ȻԼô飬ԼҲûбҪʲôɫװûһֳȾƣֳһרžǵľƣȻһʱ֮ｻ


281 Ƣ
ӹ㲥Ӿֻ֮ٿ飬ķֹֽһµĵԼֹ⣬ཫ칫Һ͹㲥ӾֽҶƽֹܡ
칫һ˵ǵһҲǳ񸱲ֹܣҶƽǵһʽϰˣȻҪֹܰ칫ң㲥ӾҲһҪĲţòϿɣ㲥Ӿֳһ˵Σֻķԣûθ
ķֹ֮ļӦһܵӰĸͷȻˣܵӰĸȻһ²ؼ߸߹ӡ
ҶƽĸеνһķԸֹʲôͷֹʲôûȨ˼浱һ֣ûȨ˼
Ȼﲻһ֣ҶƽһȴȻһһֵƣȴϰ˵ְĸûеģʹҲûƣȻһ֣ί쵼ȴֻͨһԱ
깤֮Ҷƽ㽫칫ҦԼ㲥Ӿֳټһ
Ҷƽķ䣬˵УȻһٸԸҶƽֹܣ֮ǰҶƽֹܣҶƽĲвڿҶƽʽϰˣΪҶƽӣҲû̫Ҷƽϡ
칫Ҧģ˭ֹܣ˭ģԭǸ³շֹܵģ³յģҶƽֹܣȻҶƽģҶƽͺᣬͷȻЩӡ
ͷ뷨Ҷƽİ칫֮󣬿ȥޱ飬ҶƽЦк£һҶƽһۣߵԱߵɳһ˸ȡ
ǵӣҶƽЦһ£ȻӶͳ̰ӸǣæֽסҦæʾ飬ԼӿڴҶƽʾԼС
Լͳ̣ҶƽûٷûϻѾһ⸱ģҶƽ֪һ¨ӡ
Ҷƽƽʱֻ̣żҪӦʱųһ֧˽йһϵԵʣǷ̣Ų뵽Ҫ̡
Լ̵ϺҶƽϣȻһȦȻֱ忴˵ղٲ¸ҷ˹ԭθʱûʱϵҲûʱʣλǱߵ̫࣬ʵڹ˲ڲǱߵְȫжȥˣʱץһץߵ£Ѵҽйһһ£һǰҪĹʲôʲôҪЭģһ£Ҷ⺺ʲôõҲ
Ҷƽ渶̸̸ֹгһױȵ̹Ȼţȫͬʱϲ˵˵ЦЦܸܵǵĵ㣬ڲͷһҪģǻĸвĸɲཻöС
ȻҶƽһͱֳһǣµǣĳɷ֣ڲӵίڼγɵֵԺ͵ʶؽȡ
ҦһӱסˣȻһЩڴҶƽʵһʧƣڴҶƽϸʧƵĺۼ
Ҧ˶ȣǰ칫ҳȽϽղܵ˵Ӱ˶ȣòʣ
üͷҶƽӣͷǲ֪˵ʲôˣҶƽԭȻ£Ҳԭģʽˣ᲻ڵĹ
ҶƽΪӾֵһ֣Ҳһֵƣµǰ˲ôʱҶƽ̹Ȼ̵ӣüͷҲǲһ壬е̺ݳ˼ڣͣ˼š
Ҷƽ껰֮ͿǣĿڰ칫ҦϣΪıеһЩ
һ̧ͷע⵽ҶƽĿ⣬Ҧ·˿ȥӵľò
Ҷ칫ҵĹĿǰûʲôҪģһЩճĹΧƲĹУٲ͸λճʲôҪҶָʾҦǳҶƽ̬֪ҶƽǼйʵҪĲ̸⣬̬⣬һõ̬ȣҶƽ뿴ġ
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Ҷƽصص˵ͷҦʾʾ⣬Ҧ˵֮Σתͷ
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֪һЩ˾þôץҲ˳ɼûץɼÿ죬·ӣɼˣ迴ţôץҲɼûԸץʹץˣҲǸʽץץʵһζûʲôԣҶҵĽǣȻץģǾҪרץ裬ḻҵĻߴҵһЩϵĳͲòΪн¶ʹصľĸȫٽνĳ贴
һ˵ô࣬ҶƽˣȻоЩϹŶ̬ȻǷǳģ˵ıȽֱʣûôĹĨǣȻҦԼϹϾԼǰ滰̬ҲǷǳõģҿóԵǰνҲ֮Ķе㿴ܲηԣڷͬʵѵá
ֱԲ˵Լ뷨ĿⲻɵȥȻ˽һЩģûϵᵱŴҵҶƽ˵ЩҲ̫ˣҶƽֻһ⻰˵ʲô𣿶лߵ˼Ҫ쵼֪ˣǵøһ벻ͨΪʲôĸԭƢ


282 ս
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ܵ˵ôһ䣬ûҶƽ˵֮سһ̣Ʈһ
˵֮󣬶Ѿ̣ҦȻΣ
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˵ҶƽĿеؿҦһۣҦ⣬һҶƽǲģȻҶƽԳ⺺ʵҶƽǵİ칫κίİ칫ҸΣڰ칫ҹǾм֣ղǲǫˣԺҪҶƽѧϰͬʱ쵼
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ҶƽĿ˵Ŀжһƽ֮ĿУԼ֮ľ롣
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ǲ֪϶ΪҶƽĹϵҪҦĹϵУΪеıȽȴע⵽Ҷƽֳƺ仯ԢڣȺΡֳƺһʾҶƽ̬ȣ㲻ңȻҲ㣬ƺҶƽĲأ໥֮ʮĬиС
ƺֻǱҶƽ˼һ֣Ҷƽû˵ʲôݣϿҶƽľΣҪ˵ʲôʵҶƽ˵м˵ĿǸеֲ˵м˵̬ȣһ仰ôݣܵҶƽֲױ˷
һ֮˰
ɵվӵҶǹ㲥Ӿһİţûκ⡣
̬ȻãԵҦ˸еʮֳԾʵղ̬ȣǶоˣʵǲôãͻȻôʵе㾪ȡ
ҶƽһȴͻȻ𿴸ղĿǣҲǺУһĵĽҲǴˣܵĵıùˡ
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һҶƽϱɫ֪ҶƽղŵôˣҦһվҲɵվһҶƽ
˶վҶƽָ˱飬΢ЦˣлҶҹϵ֧֣ʲôҺٲ㱨һ⺺ҶὨǹͬѹá
ҶƽȻʮֵǫ飬ȴһʼӣһֵ̬͵ΪҶƽ⺺Ǿɵˣڹٳϻ첻ȥ
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ʱ˵ҲҪһµģҶƽҦĻֻ֮΢΢һЦûκǫ֮ǲϲı˵ƨҲ˵Ҷ跽Ĺһȥ׼ȷʵá
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һ߳Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽȥȻŸղŵ飬Щ˶ñʸӵģĴϴֲͬĴϴȻԭҲвģǱֵرȽֱˬǽǡ
Щ˶ǳñʸӣٳıˣԼⷽǣǿ϶ԼÿһжҪϸãķڷֻܼԦǡ
Ҧ˻˵ȴѶԸȡһֶΣպûֹãСӻȽʶʱ񣬵ºôҲ˵ʱСһ㡣
һ뵽ЩҶƽȻееѣûָеͷ۵ĸоȴһСС˷ܸУֹٳӦҺڴˡ


283 Ҧº̫
߿ǳϣҶƽسʳԺ󣬼ҲᵽУڶҶƽڲæµȻûʱеǹµںˣҶƽÿ춼һˡ
Ȼ˵˰зҶƽʵһֱᣬǸ߿ںܰļͥǹٳǨҪֻҪܾһʲôá
ÿϣҶƽؼң߿Ǹ˵ǰȥҶƽһӵȻͬһ¥ϰ칫ҶƽǺߣӰϰˣһ࣬ԵòڣԸ߿ȵңһСʱ֮Ż
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شɽ¾ʱ㣬Ҹǳ¾ְŵģҽԺȻˣǲӦǸ
Ҧºûιȥ˰죬شɽȻΪ°ڿָźشɽǾȻƭң˵¶ңó¶²Ҹ̤ƽǹ֣
⻰˵̫ˣ˵վԱߵǸЭ̲סˣ̤ƽǰŮ˵
ҦϯôĿشɽЭҧгݵʱҶƽ˽
һۿҶƽҦºƺʲôҶƽ빫ֵͬģ


285 ίί
ҶƽʲôҦºָҶƽ
Ҷƽƽվ˵¾룬һȥҳ¾ְɣ
һҪȥҳ¶ҦºȻͬ⣬ߺߵغҶƽһȥҳ¶ˡ
شɽȥҳ¶ų¶ڿҦºģҪó¶֪£ǾͲˣǴʱ޷ֹҦºô
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¶ǺǵЦţҦºԳ¶ʱ򣬵ûˣ˵¾֣µıҸڿˣ˵˵¸ôɣ
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һҶҲˣҦºתҶƽ벻ƺˣ¶ҪεģڲҪĵǸ
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Ҧºֱ߳˰칫ңȻһ֮뿪˹֡
Ҧº˲Ҷƽֻ֪ʱһˣԼõһƽĶԴҦºϴĿǰ˵ǲˣ¶ûҦºľ
Ҧº֮󣬳¶ʵҶҦºôôټ
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Ҷƽ¶֣ŽҶ߳˹֡
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¹ȥû죬ҶӾǻһͶʮڵʯĿһǰĻйҷչƻίΡ
ίǼг¼æӴ˹ҷչƻίһУҶȻôһĿһʱǳ𾪡
ҷչƻίд죬ҶĴһȻǸĸɲҶʱȴʮֵĹ¸еǳɡ
һ֪Ҷ񱳺ֲҶƽԶ
ʱһַǳƵĸогʱƽԶɶ¶ƽԶģںˣίǣҶ˵ҶģҶģ
Ҷģ֯ԭ򣬵֪ôһ죬¾ûͷˡ
Ȼ԰ָʹ˲Ҷ쵼Ҷָ֪ʹģ϶ҶŪһĿһĸɲĿ࿴Ҷúܴɲδػ᲻쵼
ҶƽְмҶһ棬ҶڿԴһˣ˼֮ҶƽƼ˳˳ȻֻǶصسǸڶ㲻ͣǱЭҶҶƿһá
Ҷͬûһ£ʡί鲿İʽҶΪгѡˣ֯ӡûʡί֯񸱲ӡȥ뵳Уѧϰȥˡ
Ҷʽгһְûã˳鳤칫Σԭ칫νְ˴ȥˡ
˳֪ô¾ͱȥˣ칫ΣӦгȻԭ·֧֣϶гֵ֧ȴǺܸ˵ġ
ҲǺܸˣڽ˳Ūˣص¾ġ
ܿ췢֣ô£˳֮ƾٹسһûеóѣΪίسˡ
ίɾµصسɾԭ˴ïĶӣȻïݶ꣬ȻһӰҲҪ֡
ɾٵ䲻ʮ꣬ᣬίְ֯ͬͬʱһͬĻйٵίǣ˴Σ溣ݣصİֳһ󶯡
溣ǱȻģ䵽ˣǲ뵽˴εģŵسأڿسĿûˣֻȥ˴ˡ
ԭίǳĬĬֵλã֮Ĺϵһ㡣
ʵⶼôҸеȵĵطҲСˣȵһͬʱһƥɾٵصسίһְȱͻȻ֮ίɾٵְλ
ĸԭЭϯҲǱȽֱΪίǣҲǨȽϿˣίûʲôʵȨλӶѣԺ;һܺõ塣
εȻһƥ˼ЭϯأôҸеҶƽ
Ժһְȱ˭Ҳû뵽ҶƽȻֱӶһȱζίί
һЩ˸벻飬ҶƽӲ类ʧƵźţίϲ⽫Ϊ;Ҫ𵴼꣬û뵽һˣίίˣ
˵Ҷƽǽίί൱γίʱ䶼ᡣ
ϯ̨ί֯һְʱɫǷǳѿ֪ίΪʲôҪҶƽΪίίɾس˼ïûа취Ҷƽʲôƾʲôһܵίί
ʤҦº˸ˣʤʰҶƽû뵽˼һӵ˳ί֯ʲôʰ˼ң
Ҧº컹ŰҶĿ֮Уӹֻ֮ҵʤ뷨¶Ϊ¶Ҷƽһˡ
ʤȻǶû˵Ҳ˵Ҧºʰ¶Ѿ뷨ʰ¶ˣһڶظɹֳˣ
¶Ҳ֪ίҪϢ׼оȥڶظˣǻûеȵߣͲμ˽ĸɲᣬҶƽίίˡ
˵ǸеԼͦ˵ģ첻ӦҶƽ飬Ҷƽַ˵ĻһˣȻûôãҦºҪҲҶƽһҶƽ֧Ͳż뿪ء
һ룬¶һʱе̹Ȼࡣ


286 
ⶫҲû뵽Ҷƽίίһ㾫ҲûУεسλϣ˵һӣҶƽ磬ҲһӣûãҶƽȻֱίίˣҲû뵽ġ
ܴڻ᳡濴ϯ̨Ҳ޵ĸпҶƽ̶̼֮ѾԽ˰˵ҶƽģڳίίҲеԺ
ԪͬҲϯ̨棬زϯеʵ飬Ϊ˳ϻһСмϯǺܺʡ
һֱҶƽԶٷչһص̨ţûüҶƽһӳίί֪ԼӲ
Сΰһ棬Ȼһ𣬵Ѿֵòɿΰڸıƣһ糤Ͱ˲ٵˣСȻίǣǲܺһһЩһ飬ʲôֶζʹʲôá
ڰС俴öв㶼˹ȥȥȫºҶƽ˵֮Ҷƽʲôû˵ϾѾ뿪˲磬˵кãǿˣʱƾ仯˭Ҳ޷Ԥ⽫ᷢʲôһʱһʱ̫ǿ˻ʲô
ڰС俴Ҷƽίίͷ̤ʵ࣬һֱ׷ҶƽľǶԵģҶƽ֧֣ʹΰ뽫ô׵ˡ
ΰʱ𾪾ˣҶƽλζʲô֪ģԭҶƽȻȴûְΪҶƽ쵼Ҷƽ쵼֮󣬾ʹֿˣȻʤ֧֣֯ǵһίĺ
ɢ֮󣬴ҶڴҶƽλԭ򣬶ʵҶƽԴҲ֪֮࣬Ȼ϶Ҷ֧֣ҶոչҪô˳ֵġ
ڸɲῪ֮Ҷһ绰еУҶƽƼ֮ҶЦŶ˵ƽγίˣоô
ҶƽЦе⣬ָо֮Уң벻֪һжԮ֣
ҶЦƽ㵱ίʵڳίģ˭ΪίίĲ
⻰һҶƽгԾʵ壬ģ˭Ϊίί
ҶЦ֮ԻΪίί±ģֻͬ˶ѣ˲֮ᷢĹϵģ
Ҷƽȵôң壬̫ˣ
ҶЦһ㶼֣ΪʡίƼ㣬Ȼô˵ҾͲ֪ˣ϶˿ǵĻ
һϵ֣Ҷƽ֪ʡίǵ֣´кĻ²Ҳģ˰ԭôһû뵽
ƽ㣬ȥһ£ʾлɣҶЦֶҶƽ˵
Ҷƽõȥл𣿡
ҶȥһΪã϶Ҫ֮Ĺϵ˵úһͿˣҪϣҲҪϣԺ;һЩ
оҶ˵ЩҶƽ壬Ժ᲻Ϊ㣿
ҶЦ⿴ıˣרĿҲܣǾΪˣҪΪʱ˵ֻȥǵġ
Ҷ˵Ҷƽ룬ȥһҲеôģûȥҹء
ֱί칫ңҶƽ濴һʶίļҲʶ֮󣬼˫۾һ뿴֪ʲô¡
һǣҶƽŽ֮󣬱Ц˵
ſڵһӣתͷĸǣ
ίǺܶ࣬˱һ£ȥܲͷ
ҶƽЦǡ
һӰֵˣˢˢˢ˫۾ɴ˿Ҷƽ඼ʵǸʲô
ҶƽǶصҶƽе¡
һҶƽίļ˶վоǼһ㣬˴µҶƽᱻΪصίίίص˶ڴ£һӼˣǲɵȤ
ԭҶƽһһᣡղſڵǸվߵҶƽǰ
Ҷƽס֣ЦǲǾһ¥칫
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Ҷƽ͸Աߵһ칫ңһһӣȥ֮󣬸ղӾ˵飬λͬ־ǡ
ӣ̧ͷмؿҶƽһۣʲô°
飬һ£ҳȥ˰ղӽ֮󣬾˳ȥҶƽӵ¡
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ϵһҶƽ֣ҲǾһ£ǱˣνͬѧʤڻòˣǱߵʱ򣬸£ڵίָίרŵµˡ
ҶƽҶƽʤǱȽϤˣھǰᣬǴûм档
Ҿǣ飬𣿡Ҷƽʵ
ʤһ룬˵һ£ȥ㿴һ¡
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һʤ˵ҶƽͱʾлȻߵµİ칫ǰÿ˽ȥ
СҶһҶƽЦкŵԵúС
Ҷƽæ˹ȥǣá
߳칫ҶƽԱߵɳϣһ𣬿ӣҶƽȻԼɳϵһǡ
СҶһ㣬ġҶƽһ㡣
ҶƽֻǱִ˴գ֮ЦſСҶô뵽Ұ
Ҷƽ΢Цһµһֱûǻ㱨ڹǻ㱨һԼĹʱˣ
ЦСҶһ㱨Һܸ˰ǰһٺÿ䣬˵ҶЩˣôĸɲȴ֪¹Ұ
һӣҶƽæ˵ˣ벻ǻ˵£ټʱһҪҼ֣Ӧ𰡣
ҶƽĻ룬оҶƽ֮һŲһĹϵôǰרаʾҶƽأ
ֻǣ˻ʲôϵ


287 
תһԽҪϸһҶƽ֮Ĺϵתһͷ뷨ΪίǣҶƽǰڱֶⷽϵӣʧݡҶƽҲܸ̫ϸݣҲǰʡ
Ҷƽʽһ㱨ȻڲĹ¶ԴţֻûȥرעҶƽһⷽ飬ޣʾҪɲȥѧϰ
㱨֮ʹصСҶԺʲôϵԼʱһ㱨ҲҪϣһɼ
ҶƽǣһŬģȫеĹ쵼֮£һȡøĳɼ
ʧʱһµƨ¹ЦСҶǹͬŬɣǴһģһŬ
˵վҶƽ֪ҪͿˣ㹧һǣ뿪µİ칫ҡ
ʤİ칫ǰ߹ҶƽҪֱߵģʤ㼱æ߳ס˵Ự
ڸղʤưӣҶƽܲϲȻ֪쵼ĸɲǰʱֵĺưԭףӴʱûҲܷ˿ʤȥҪ˵ӣһʱԸظ˷
Ҷͬѧ춼㡣һݣʤ˸ҽܣڵֽ˳
һȻڵͬѧȻ˵ղе㷴һˣȻںһᡣ
ͬѧһᣬһᣡҶƽЦסʤֵ
ʤǺһЦ˵ҶֻûڼҶϾͱˣ͡
ʤкҶƽ˵ûбҪһί̫飬Ҷƽȥ£˵Ҷƽ֮ĹϵͺǷˣȻµ飬Щ鲢û֪´˴Ҳû˵רҶƽζصίίһĽ¡
ʤкӣҶƽûƳԷ˼æƴǵ飬ллĺˣлᵽǶȥ㣬ý컹£ˣʱټ档
ҶƽԸ͵룬ʤЩ˵صҶǲǲԸӰһףг߹أ
ΪҶƽƳԷʤףӴ˳Ҷƽǲ֪ףӴ֮仹еϵСӷҪĿˡ
룬ҶƽǺðɣѴΡһϣǼ˾һ°ɣ
һҶƽҪѴ»Ҷ鶭׸һϣʤоҶƽĲ򵥣»ԭڶίΰ칫Σ鳤칫ҸΣԭһĹϵҶ飬Լ죬벻ҶƽҲʶȻίǵ飬ֻг飬ĸɲڼ֪ĿǰУ»гȽ
ҶǿıڲѾ˳ȥһЩɲ֪󣬵ȻǸо½ҪҶ֣ûίӦеȨƣʤȻΪµ飬ִԣܲ˼ɣ֪ˣǲµίˡ
ʤͬҶƽ뷨ҶƽŽҪڹϵֵ֧Ļʤ˵ҲϵãȻˣȽύһʤ
Ҷƽʱûߣϣʤϵ˼ˣѴ»Ͷ׸˹ڵίǣйҲС
һʱ֮䣬˿ӦܳԵÿȫۼһʤܸ˽кŴһдƵ꣬Ϊµ飬Էǿǩġ
׽ӵҶƽĵ绰֮󵱼ˣһ棬׾ЦźһҶá
ʵҶƽû󣬵Ƕ׿ҶƽÿҶ񵥶棬Ȼ̸֪ʲôʲôϵ֮һŷǳеĹϵȻΪҶ飬ҶƽǰҲ˿װ
ʤ׼ͺҶ磬ǱҲЩݣæӭ׼֮󣬿ȥûжҶƽء
⣬СӴûͣǲרҶģʤһȭ׾Ц˵
ʤһȭæЦŵýҶǻ㱨ұһ۾ۣ
ҶƽҲ»㱨ײɵֿҶƽһۣҶƽֻ΢ЦţûɫҶƽˡ
һ»½һЩȻ»ˣֻû飬ᣬ˵˵һȥ
һҶƽЦ˵ƽ㵽ǵˣһӾܽȫ湤ˡ
ҶƽһЦǣҲû뵽Ҵʱ̫̣һлҪͷѧԺʲô⻹Ҫ̣
ǺһЦû⣬ûʲôӵģøɶˣһҸɵúã
һ˵Ҷƽæʾǫ飬»һЦˣƽǸͬ־ǴҶҪ֧Ĺ
ʤһæŴ»ҶίعĸɲǴʱҪҶƽؼɲһ֧֮ġ
ַǳ֣ҶƽǺһЩŽȵһ棬»ȵö˾ƣЩС൹ˡ
ҳ극ȵҲЩӶվˣ˲˼ǰֻҶƽϤһЩӣҶƽֻǰĸ첲һ¡
ҶƽǴųƣΪרģΪίǣҲһרǽû˾Լһһר˶гģдҲԶ극һȦͻؼҡ
ǴʱƺȶˣǲгؼˣҶƽֻòóͻؼҡ
ź£ƤѩףһͷƮݵĺڷ˫Ϸɢһˮζֱ˵ıǿףҶƽҹڽӽ´̫еĲλŪ˶˼
ֳ֮糺죬һ˫Ŀ֮´Ľëȥ·Щ߲ȣȴѵ֪Ҷƽڲ
ǣҵĳͻؼҰɣҶƽض˵
תͷҶƽӿҶƽϣе૵صƽϻȥȥȥô
ҪȥȿȣҶƽһʱ֪ôشˣҪ˵ȥҲУȥʲôȰ
ǣˣؼϢɣҶƽȰ˵ŵ
ȴǲ˵صƽǲǲԸһȥȿȰ


288 һ
ûа취Ҷƽֻȥȿȣ֮ľƺһЩɿҶƽ˽ȥ
ȥȹ֮һС£Ҷƽһȿȡ
ԵЩԭʱҶƽĲֻ࣬ǵ֮ıҲ֪һپһЩȴǲ֪ˡ
ҶƽĬĬȿȵӣЩ˼룬ΪԱͥŮ;һֱһ˳ڸ˸ȴһۡ
꣬ڸĸӣİ˷֣˵ʱһгĹӣгĹӱ׼һ竵ӵܣ컨ƵأϵʱҪгİԮҴӱϿгĹҲǿ˻顣
ȻһĿȻгĹȻƵأܣֻаʱ䶼ڹϣûʱ䣬㱻εصɷ־ء
ֱ˻Щԭļңɷ򿴵ǨȻҲűȴǺ޹ɼôҲ᲻һ֮´ְºˣʱʱ򣬾ࡣ
ûκεĸɷֻ֣άλһӰ쵽;ֵλһӻǲңƲ֡
Ҷƽ˽ļͥǸоһЩΪ֪飬򲻻Ҫȿȡ
˾ȿȣҶƽҲǲ˵ĬĬȿȵķΧ
һ̧ͷȿ˿ڣƽԺҾҵϵˣлཻˣ
΢¶ЦݵӣҶƽЦԺѧϰ
ǿЦƽ̫ˣ֪ΪʲôҪȿ𣿡
ҶƽЦǲǲã
Цһµ벻ƽ۹ôֻһ֣Ҫǣ㵥̸һ̸¡
һ˵£Ҷƽ۾̷˹⣬ô˵
࿴һ۵ϱȽȶĲ˵̫ӣ֪˵ĵطضҪнҦ˻ǿεģԭҲֹܵģ㲻õģҪĵˣһ³գһڵʱŰǸˣǿǵĹϵûжǣΣ֪ʲô뷨Ҫи
˵ҶƽзģǶ³ʱûʲô򽻵Ҳ٣˲³ֳΪ˵һעһЩ
ٲлѣʱ䳤ʲô龡ָʾҶƽ˵
ؿһۣƽ׳ɼû뵽ҵְλ㵽һ֮٣ȫִˣȻɣǲһȲӺøɰ
⣬ҶƽҲ˼Ǹģ˵ľǶƤģĺòãֻһָܣϸ׿ʲôɼҲ൱˼һֱĬĬŵԭλᣬείǡ
Ҷƽ˵ͷ˵ǣףʵϺѣ幤ûгɼǾٺãҲûãֻгɼǲܷӳԼãѶظȥͬʱҪôҵľ裬ʶ̬裬ڲȹȥ˵˼ܸӣҪûôˡ
оҶƽѾ˼˺ܶ࣬ҶƽĹǷǳģ˵һ⣬ͻȻЦһЦƽ˵㵱صģ
һʣҶƽоûбҪصǣ˵ҽƾȥǵģ˸ңڳίҵҶ֪ô¡
ҶƽһصӣоûжԼ˵ѻӦҶƽ֮ûʲôϵȴҶƽЩΡ
ЦЦƽԺͲõı˶㲻ˣʹ󵨵ɰɣ
Ҷƽ˵ԺǶ֧֡
ݸһЦҶƽ˵һỰо࣬Ҷƽһֱһͺˡ
ƽ㿴ںö˶̵ģˣû뷨˵ⷽĻͻȻһת΢ЦҶƽ¡
Ҷƽûϵᵽ⣬йŮе㲻ʰɣ˵ĹְߣôͻȻԼأ
ҶƽŵһЦǣҪе˰̿ǳΣԼĸϻ벻飬ûа취ֻˣ㿴ԪԭǸСԼŻ飬һЩ˰̵ȻѰһִ̼ɣ벻ˣŮ˻Ҳָоֻ˽Щˡ
ҶƽĻǺǵЦ㽫᲻Ҷ̣
оĻ˸еҶƽǷ룬æ˵ӦᣬҵĸܺõģҪǰ˶̣ǶԲס
಻Ȼ𾴣̽Ҷƽһ£ҶƽĶԴ߿ȷʵеҶƽһƷжˡ
飬֪ԺֻܺҶƽѣԽ磬֮Ľܳá
룬ó㷢һŮ˵ķҶƽһʱЩȻ俴ӣҲ΢Цؿ˿
ƽԽԽˣ˵һ仰
ҶƽæԼ˵̫ˣô㡣
ЦſƽǵĽңֲڿᣬͽɣ涼ǽġ
ҶƽǺЦǺðɣˣԵС
ཿ̫ˡ
һ죬оʱҲˣҶƽһ뿪˿ȹݡ
֮ûͣҹ˶֣һ·ϣҶƽӣȻһЩȥ֣ζղһ˲䣬ԼȫˣԼѹ飬˵˽ȥ
оԼЩ˼룬Ҷƽ۾ȥ£ȥһ߿ɣ
ص֮ҶƽͶ뵽ĹȥȻ֮ǰѽӴĹǸʱֻץֹܵĹҲûüһɼڵһ֣ȻҪץȫ湤ҪĹҪͨ̿ǡ
ļλЩӦϾˣҶƽֻһĸоЩҶƽ̫ˣһӵ˲ͷǾòܽܣΪҶƽԦ


289 Ĺ
Ҷƽڰ칫ҲŲڵ⣬ڲ粻һԼһֱлĸɲȽϼ򵥴ֱΰģͬҶˣỹ˵໥֮ӾԲἲɫ෴ЦеؿŶԷ
ûκεĻϲҶïڶСسҲһӰĹˣ˴򽻵ûˢӣЩ˿϶ǿġ
ΨһõҦ칫ΣˣԸȽϹֱԸ֤һͬ־Խĺͬ־ԽûΣϲṩƿȽѡ
ҦΪ칫Σ˺ԲҺҲҪܰĹץ
ĿǰдСʮţҪǰ칫ҡġơۿơտơ졢ȼţ⻹Ͻع㲥Ӿ֡ع㲥̨Ļ֡ȼҵλ
Ϊһ̯ӹʱоţĲøɳɼΨһӲָǣһܷƪűЩǶسɼչʾίҪ쵼ͬ־ǷǳЩģ֮⣬ûĵط
˼빤ڵǶ׬Ǯң˭䰡Ű취ıʽḻķС
־棬Ҷƽе治ڲȥһЩùùüţ˱ҲܿüãҲԱģľٴҲûãֻڼǿű¹
űǽĹ֮ϵģûкõĹɼ㱨ٴҲдöģʹҲûʲôӰҲһҵ¡
ûа취ҶƽеĹȽ뷨˺ܲͬ˰ͲɵĹһŲСȨȻȲ֯ίȨһϣȨˣмҵλҲǺܳ㣬ô˵ҲǱȽˡ
ҶƽλʬλزͣҪҪһɼԸλϡ
ʱûõĹ˼·ҶƽҦͬµȥӲһϤһȫ
Ĳ칫ҴһžͿˣҶվƳʲôľ˿ҵĹ
Ҷƽ֮ûзʲôָʾֻϸΪҿĬԣоû˵ףεĲ᲻һӡ󣬾Щˡ
ҶƽڸҿԺͷ֣˲̫࣬ȴǲ٣öûĲйأûӦԵĹճԵĹǲ࣬˶飬дһдһһ͹ȥˣӹ̫ɡ
Ҷƽҡҡͷ˲Ǵڰ칫Ҹȥ֯ӣץʵɵȥýԽԽƺòˣܲڰ칫˼ڤȥɣ
ڲļתһȦҶƽר㲥Ӿ̨֡Ļּҵλ
֮ЩŵͷͷȻǳ滶ӭЦȻԭҶƽֹʱﲻôһҶƽһˣͷ˱仯
˵ʵڵģһֱŪɸɣΪ㲥Ӿ־ֳĻǼθѹţһֱ᲻Ȼ쵼֧֣Ϊһ仰͸ˣơ
ڿҶƽҶƽһְˡ
һı̬ȣҶƽʱûʲôʾרҪעһոոı̬ǲܾͽġ
ڹ㲥ӾӲ깤ҶƽĻ֣Ļ־ֳӴԱ߸Ļְ칫ҸΣרһġ
Ҷƽ΢ЦţҶƽɶҲ˵ˣȻͬѧڹðµʱҪ¡
һȦҶƽвŵͷͷԸټרٿ飬оĹ
ҶƽĹ˼·һʱ壬ʱӦԵ״̬뿴Ҷƽܸɳʲô˵ʵڵģԭڵʱǾͿ࣬ûɳʲôɼֻǳЭϯķϲ
ҶƽЩǰޱĸǣԼ뻽ĸɾ;ģڲԼô룬οõǰ
ЩһѧʵȫɲǣҶƽ̨٩٩̸һǳҪĹǵ޵УС׳󣬶벻õװ졢˵ǿãίίҸҸеشǵǰҪصһǼǿѧϰίѧϰһֱڽţ𣬵ҿ˿ÿѧϰṩѧϰݣʡίίĹЩģҪı䣬ҪǿڶҪǿűǶȥĺͬ־һҪӴȣôǵĸɲҪôһֵ˼⡣
еͬ־ڰ칫쳵ȻдȥҲҪı䣬Ҫ߳ȥҪȥӴķḻ˽Ⱥڵ˼ԵץűÿһڶҪץסһҪ㣬ҪץסˣǲеķʸҪҪΧί֡ҪץĻҵڹ㲥һҪȺڣһҪḻȺڵĻʽȺһõľץãⷽ棬ҸоǵĹ齨費㣬ʽͶ벻㣬Բ㣬涼㣬θɳɼҼһǲļֻ㽲һש񣬴Ҷϣܴ⼸ŬȡĹȫץá
Ҷƽкͳֵ׼Ȼ㽲ǻȴк֪ܶƼĸɲ˲Щݣܾû쵼ˣ޷ڻӣûжȥҶƽ˵ȴǸеĿһ¡
֮ҲǰһԳƲһβץסһЩţӣˢӣ򵥰
˻ᣬҶƽص칫ңһǹ᳹ʵ£ܲ᳹ʵڻ˵ǲúù᳹ʵһͷ۵¡
ţϵֻͻȻˣҶƽæóһ񽭴ġ


290 ɾٵ£
֪񽭴绰ʲôҶƽæһͨ񽭱ЦƽҪϰˣ
Ҷƽһ˵ô£
񽭵ҵǶعְһ꣬ô㻶ӭӭ
һ˵ְ飬ҶƽϴȥʡǼ񽭣ᵽְ£û뵽عְ
񽭣һٸӭ㵽߹ְʲôְ񣿡ҶƽˬʵشЦ
񽭵˵ǹְίǣûɹʱǶָ
еǫΪ֪ɹְȽ˷ܶѡ
ҶƽЦԺҪʡ쵼ָָʾָӾˡ
˴Ź˵Цһᣬ񽭸о鲻ְԺ˵
ͨ绰Ҷƽ룬Ȼ˵еߵҿˣϾԼͬѧأǿԽһЩ£ί쵼վһļûУԼ¾սĻʹҶ֧֣Ҳ޷ʩչ
ǿɾٸոպԼһسҲǱȽϱһҶʱƺҪԼԣ֪Ǻԭ
֮߳ĹϵҶƽ֪ԲŻ뷨֪ģȻҪǿԼ
֮Ϊʡ칫ĹְɲҪη֣֮ͬѧС
ҶƽҪϵʱɾٸ˵绰һԷɾٵ绰Ҷƽее֣֮ǰûʲô飬ҲǱߵˣԼʲô£
ǼȻ˵绰Լܲ˼ҴسӣȻԼȥԷǾȥɡ
ԼĳҶƽǰϴγԹĺɽׯɾŷҶƽ³֮һȽصķ䣬ÿţһݾͿˡ
ƽڵˡҶƽ߽ɾپվӭӣЦӡ
ҶƽһɨͷίίίǶκίίίǷ칫ӢЭϯزֳԽҵڲϡ
һ߽ǶվҶƽæǰ֣Ǽ֮⣬һسͼľֳ
ⶼҪû뵽ɾٶˡ
Ҷƽ֮׵λãɾһѽԼߣ˵ƽԱߡ
Ҷƽһ£ֳЩ˹ְߵľɾ٣ϵжϳίίǴ־µģ־һαεصίˣӸؼ˵һͬʱĲʱһڵίҪǰ棬԰˵ӦǷɾٵԱ߲ǡ
ҶƽͲԸȥվƽسһһȾƣԱ߿Ժúõģͱˣ
ʾҶƽһûֻɾٵԱߡ
֮󣬾ƾֱ㿪ʼɾٸոأδȣһԼϵĹϵһҲеһס˷Ͷί
ԭ˴ϰ࣬·ŵصίǣϵĹͣҲ֪⣬޷ɾس֧֣һίȴίǵУջ𣬵ίˣòӡ
ΰ˵Ӧվһģǡǡ෴ԭίθǵʱ򣬶εʱͶߣһߵίǣտʼͷеʵΰǶίǸ˹ͨ뷨ûеóѡɾһͶɾٵĻˡ
Ӣ˳ԭµˣɾһسȻǿȥԽҵ˵ûа취£ոЭϯĿֳλӣЭϯȻߣûʵȨɾŵβֳȻҪɾվһˣɾïĶӣһõĴɽ
سˣɾȻһЩίȻҲǸһϵˡ
Ҷƽɾٶ෽ΪˣһרѹˣӢҶƽгҶϵⶼ˳Ӣ˳ڵ鳤칫ΣҶӴ϶࣬Ȼ֪һϵ
һۺϿǵЩɾҪ£ҶƽģһҶƽһҪλãίǶԸóλ
Ҷƽһ߽ӿʼɾٵ˼ˣ˶ɾٵˣȦӣȻеųȦӣ֪ûȦ֧֣ܶû죬ʵԼҲ齨Ȧӣ齨Ķ顣
뵽ԼĿѹԼһЩҪǿԮ֣ҶƽܲʱȦӣԴﵽǿĿġ
ƽǱҪʲôģֱӴ绰ң㡣ƹѲ֮ɾپʹЦŶҶƽ
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ҶƽʾлЦسǳԺҶسɣ
Ҷƽ˵֧ɾٵĻ̸ɾٸеǳˣҶƽ仰ͷˣȻŲСʵίСǲܵˡ
ƽǺˬ֮ˣһ뾴һɾٹһЦƱҪҶƽ
ҶƽæֹǴҹͬس
سһվžƱɾ˵
ôɾٲЩҶƽ˷ǳ֧ʶ壬أһҪˣԼߡ
ҰѾƺ꣬ɾٳ־صί֣ѷչõνң˵ƽԭڲʱ򣬾÷չķǳϧƽڲܾùˣԺܺõذץһץùصľûҪһķչֻҪǹͬŬصľһץãʱȡ˳ɼͶǴҵģǹͬٱлҶҵ֧֣
էɾپǷǳŷǳиɾӣܵȾֶվسָӣѶصĹȥ
žƱҶƽվЩм䣬ϸһЩ£еоɾٺܿһôϲˣվһǲǣ


291 񽭵
ʡί֯ɲһͬУȻί֯һͬ˶ء
ίǸԼʤ˳ӭʡɵĸɲǶһ񱳾ģӲа
ʡί֯ί֯͵ϣҪֻһְĸɲίҪ쵼ٿṫ͹֮žͿˡ
ˣ˶أʶ֮󣬱һȥƵԷӭ񽭵ĵͬʱдʡί֯ί֯쵼
񽭵鲻˼֮󣬺Ȼǽ̸ţȥеİһЦصǣ붫Ե
һϷӦŴ˵òܵطְǵҰ
ʡ칫ǸڵȻϰ߽Ŵֹ֮һЦǣҲ˵˼һͬѧҶƽӦʶɣ
ȻһûϵҶƽȻͬѧȴǲɫЦ̫ˣƽίǼ浹ǿԺúõһģϰй
̷ԸʤҶƽйμӽӴʤҲû뵽ҶƽһͬѧϿȥЩƣֻķԸҶƽ绰
һҶƽѾίǱҲԺܾȣϴμ滹ֻǣһȻ˸ؼɲˣͨ绰ʱҶƽȴûи
ҶƽͻȻӵʤĵ绰óֻ˿Ǹе⣬СӴԼ绰ʲôһӲ֪ˣȥ
һ뵽ԼûмֹϵרŴ绰ȥҶƽ֪һˣ񽭴һ˸ߵͬѧϵԼ֪ͿˣҪ˵ڿûסˡ
Ҷƽ뿪칫Ҽæϵдվһ񽭣Ц߹ȥǹЦ֡
ȻǺ˼䣬Ҷƽǰʡί֯ί֯쵼ί֯쵼ӣ֪£С
֮󣬴ҾȥԷسõһҾƵ꣬һ·Ҷƽͬѧ£ȻҶƽ£˷ҪҶƽ뷨ʤͷ
ڶ죬ټίظɲᣬûнֵľֳԼҪ쵼ټΪֻǹְίǣίظɲ֪Ϳˡ
ϣʤʡί֯ίίľϯ̨Ϸ˼̵Ľһθеһ쵼ĸоȻʡ칫һֱǸ߸ϣǷߣ쵼ߣڵһ쵼ĸо
飬ȷֹһȺŹЩ⣬ȺŹûʲôҲûȨֹܷһ¹ҵʲôģ֯ҲУ֯ίǳȨޣҵسȨޣίķֹ໥棬񽭵ǱߣԷֹܹҵãίߵķֹȨس
ȺŹҲǳֹܵģó񽭷ֹܣ񽭲ְƶƽһ֮ˣĸ̫Ĺء
ʱίǵְڼ٣ĻӦǵİ֣ڳˡ
Ȼ⣬񽭾øʱֹһҲǿԵģһʱ䣬գ۹͹ȥˡ
֮󣬵ϣ񽭱ϵҶƽҶƽְФи˹һ
Фڿ񽭵ְҲǺܸˣҶƽڳ˳ίίǣҲ뷨һ°ɣ
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񽭣ƽڶ쵼ڻ˿Ҫһ¡һ𣬽һᣬФп񽭺Ҷƽ˵
ФеҶƽΪȻФźܶëûԼθᣬûץסʧһ뷨æȽѡ
񽭴һ˵Уû⣬ʲôְ񣿡
Феڻڲ絣䲿˵뷨Ҷӣ
ҶƽЦУ񽭸֪ڲʱ
Ҷƽʾ֯ǹʤʹǳίҲûã񽭸մʡȻӣһʵµʱ򣬿¾Ͳˡ
ФȻǲģ񽭲֪Ǿڵݺ֯˵˵ӦԸФжӡ
û⣬ƽͬѧҴһˣ취һ°ɡ񽭿ȥ˵
ԸФеæҶƽͲٶ˵ˣôɡ
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һФЦ˵񽭣ƽϱķֹ֮أ
˵ˣԺƽϱ֧֣
ҶƽһЦ֧ǿ϶ˣЩλƽʱûʲô뷨һɼУ
һҶƽ˵Ȥƽ뷨ңڻûЩ⣬Ҫҷֹܸҵʲôģ뷨ŪĿɼҲͺóˣҷֹЩȺŵλôɼ
Ҷƽһ룬ʱҲûʲô⣬˵ǱҲôչˣǿ£Ϥʱϵ㡣
񽭾Ҷƽ˵еһЩһ뵽ֹظ£Ҷƽ뵽Ҧº졣
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һ죬Ф鲻Ļȥˣû죬ίٿίᣬоһЩش顣
ίίᣬ񽭵һβμֻ飬Ҷ˵˵ЦЦӣﻹе㲻Ӧ֪һ᳣ίᷢԸ˵ЩʲôЩĸɲȻһָ߸ϵҪ䣬ȴô׵¡


292 ӵĳί
ίίصо˵ǰľùĳίǶżҵķԣСΪίϯ˽Ļ顣
֮ȵί쵼㣬ԭĿԽӲϣӰ쵽ﾭõķչسɾҲǸոΣھùϴ򿪲˾棬ɾٱҲܷٿγίоһ¹
ĿһֱȫǰУרŽСйԡ
СȻǸей⣬ⶼҶƽµĻĹ鶼ҶƽԭĹ顣
СڻץĿ裬ҪŻͶʻĹͬʱҪڱʵʣȺΪƶĿ˳չӦͳһЭĻȷǰͶʵܹһֺõĻصȺܵõʵݣȱһɡ
ŰСĹ㱨ĳίͣصͷҶƽҲǸеС佲ĺܺãĿȻҪũҵҲɺӣȻĿ趼ģũҵϻҪһЩҪ˴ʧˡ
С佲֮ĳί쵼ʼԣ෢С˴ҵĻ֮ηԣһ룬ûȵԣ˾Ȼֱӷˣջ𣬿Ҳû̫£ǽһţҪĹȴǲˡ
һʱû˵ֵҶƽʱ˵ĿҿܼɣĿһżȻԺԣȫƹ㾭飬ڵĹصӦ巢չ滮ϣֻҪѴܴãһܷչԽԽãҾҪһֹɲҵأڵļĿȻҵʱڲְЩüˣʱܿǵøȫһЩطҾûһЩ⣬ץĿͬʱũҵҲɺӣػũҵأũҵĸ޷ӵģҵĽһץĿ裬һץɫũҵץЭƽչ
Ҷƽϵ⼸۵㣬ðСҲǳһϾĶľ飬֪Ҷƽʱ쵼λ֮󣬿Ĳֻһ飬ȫص飬ͬˣ۵ͲͬˣǰС벻顣
ĳίҶƽĹ۵㣬ϲǳͨù뷨˵ҶƽȥЩϧˡ
ҶƽĻͷҲţĳίᣬǣҵ뷨Ҷƽȥˣţ
ʱɾȴϲҶƽڳίϽ˾֣ĳίȫ԰СΪ˳ģȴû뵽ҶƽᷴԼǰĹ飬ΪسȴûľùеܲˬҶƽһ˵оȨץԼеĻˡ
Ϊƽ÷ǳãҪЭչҪڳԶǵǰⷽչþùҶƽ֮ɾٵһ̣Ƶز
һ˵ҶƽеԾɾٿȥһôϲˣȴʾͬһʱе㲻š
ɾٵĻҶƽĻҪ̶ҶƽֻһͨĳίĻֻܱʾ˵һΪɾһȴˡ
ƽղŷǳǫ飬Ŀ辭ֵѧϰĹ飬Сͬ־÷ǳãȻɲһңһҪóʵʵĳɼίһõĴΪǰùչص㻹ҪĿϣҪίίľʵĿ蹤ˣоһ⡣һֱ˵ؽоù⣬ΪһͷɾҪͥͷΪҶƽ֮٣ɾȴΪ֮
ǻˣһɾٻûγ㹻ʱֱӷԿһ⡣
һ֮󣬹ʤڻ˵оһµ湵ͷίƽˣ⽫زְԽҵרЭϯ򳤳¿είǣһְɸϯҦº쵣Σع־ֳ¶ߣⱨйȥ乫ְֳί칫Ҹΰίίǡ
ʤһ˺ö˵µ飬ҶƽһûʤʲôһӸôණⲻǸͻȻϮ
һ䣬㿪˵ͬ⹨⼸¶飬еˣ˾Ӷˣʵġ
ΪίǣĹϵҲһ㣬֧ĵһЩҪ
ɾޱ飬ղٿǰ칫ʱ֪ҪЩ˵˶ȥԽҵֳһ²֮ͬ⣬ûʲôرʱЩҲûǰҶƽ˽йͨڳȷԣԼ
ҶƽҦºҪȥ򳤣Ϊί츱αίθǣ⿴ȥֱģҦº˻ŵ浱򳤣ί츱ΣҪĻҪŸƵְλڵίְʲô˼ΪԭףӴ
Ȳ֪飬͸ˡ
ȻҷԲٰ˳ҶƽҲҪȷˣ⼸ⰸִ٣û֪֪ͨǹʧ󣬻Ϊ֮ΪӦҵĳ֮ύίᡣ
ҶƽȫԵָί֯ĹùʤоϹҲסæ˵ҶҪûиݵĽٿǰ칫ᣬֻûüгίͨѣҶֱӾ;µ
˵ⲻǹʧ󣬸Ϊ֮Ҫύίоģҷ
湨ʤΧֻ÷ĵˡ
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ʤֳһΪӣ̽񽭶̬ȣͬ⣬Ϳ԰Ҧº˵ˡ
˹ʤһۣҶƽ˵Ļֻ빨ʤţһĵףʲô


297 Ƭ
˹ʤĵףʱûʲôֻ̬˵ҪǿǣʤؿһۣһЩ˼ʱתȥˡ
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ʤһ񽭴绰Ҳûʲô飬֮ǰһ˷ǲ񽭴Ӧʲôˡ
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ڴ֮ǰҶƽˣֱʤҪѹѾʩˣôʩѹģҶƽû˵ֻǸ˸ʤ˸
ǲǲˣҪҪҽ񽭹ĵһ䡣
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񽭿ԼвӣǺĲˣѵҶƽʩѹӵģǵʲôѹ


298 
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ǣȻ֪ǱԩģҦºһҧңĪʤװһ޿κεӣסԼ
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ʤװһֺܱӣҦºĻҦº쿴ӣæ˵ֲ⼸㲻ϵңԭôһ˭רŶԸǵģ
ʤ૵ص֪˭ͺˣؼҲ֪˭ܸо˭˼Ҿǲ˵ĥ㣬㿴ôɣ


299 ̸
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ʣҶƽ֪ԼһЩҲҪһˣȻֱ˳ԼҲûбҪڣٴʲô̫
ǣҪǿһ¹ҽ齫֣֮˳θ칫ҦΪȻֵξֳ쵣ȥҶƽԼĽ顣
룬оҶƽ˵⼸ôϤȻǾʹӦҶƽҪ
ƽǱߵˣֵԽҵҿˣҪ˾ӶߣɾسȴǷҪΣʲô˿Ҷƽ̽˵
һᵽ£Ҷƽ̸صˣ޷뽫ƽŪϲֵı
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һҶƽҪȻеҶƽθЩ󣬵ĳԶҶƽҶƽЦЦ˵Сһֱ̤ʵϴεĵ֯ģҪίɣƽ㿴ô
湵ͷ򲻻ȱ𣿡Ҷƽȥ˵һ䡣
һҶƽðҵ򳤣ǸеҶƽθ̫ˣ˵ͬƽβֳҪֻƽߣ¿λܿճ򳤵λӣðȥΡ
ƽۺϿһôһ룬ʱûдӦҶƽҪ
ǵˣһġҶƽվЦ˵


300 Ȱ˵Խҵ
İ칫ҳҶƽԼоԼθҲЩ󣬲ĺüһðҵ浣򳤣µѶȱȽϴ󣬵ͬҪ˵ȥ򲻹Ȩ֮ƶѡ
ʲôҪûϣΨһеѶȵĻȽǿ֪Լ쵣Σ¿϶Ҫϴͼؾ档
ϣʵһ֣صҦǱȻģһȻ֣֣𵽼˵ãԼˣ˿Լһ֣ͷȻһѹƶúùĺʲôǾ͸Ƶġ
ΣȻȽϹֱߣӦеãǰȥιֳΣһǹҪܵԼӣͬʱҲоԼĲΣӶЩ˸ѹȥƿء
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һĿǰ֮£֧ͬʱɾǱȽǵҪ֧ȶֲɾ٣ڿҪһԽ
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ȥҶƽõİ취ԽҵȥְֳԽҵһְɾپҲû취ˣƽְı̬ԱʾȨɾٽȥɾ˵бһƽ⡣
ԺҶƽȴĴ𸴣û죬ְ˹ȥ
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ôһ룬䱻Ҷƽ쵱ǸְȨΣ絽浣򳤣ֻˡ
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һҶƽ˵Ҷƽ룬ˣʾƷʲôȥ湵ͷ⣬ֳƽûɾпܻᷴԣ˵Խҵȥְֳƽܲܵϲֳ޷ȫ֧֡
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ôһ̣Ҷƽһ飬Ҷƽȥ֮ûȥұˣֱȥԼɸȥ˵ԽҵҪټβֳˣԭǳسԽҵϵȽУԽҵܵϲֳҲæģҪټջкôġ
ӵĵ绰Խҵͷһ£ʵڲְֳҲøжˣνߴʤְֳλþˣ׳µġ
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Ծֳþûݷһ㡣ҶƽˬʵЦһ
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Ҷƽѻ˵꣬ԽҵĿҶƽϣ룬оЩ鿴͸ˡ


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ύְ֮Խҵ岻ǰβȥˣһȷʵвһӱУԼ
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Сİ칫ңӭҶƽ飬Сһ糤ڲڡ
ȫŲΰӭӣãҶƽӡԽԽСһʵ󣬱˵糤æúܣûʱӭҶɣ
ȫһۣС֪ʲô˼ǽҶƽҲ˵ҶƽһίίͳҶƽǲǣҶӦӭǣеίԱ¶ӭӣΰôܲȥӭӣ
ǣȥ֪ͨһ˵ڰ칫¥ǰϡСԸ
ȫûа취ֻ߳ȥǿ֪ͨΰŲֱȥ֪ͨ
ΰڰ칫֪æ˰ʲôŻ¥ͰСһȴҶƽĵ
ǿ֪ҶƽҪ磬ЩҶѾˣҶ֪ԼҪ޸ר￼ǿһвǿһͬ˽飬ǿڵ֪Ҷһ֮ﻹЩ£˻֮һҲҸҶܣһЩСƦ׼ð
֮ĸܺãӦ⣬ڽˣҶƽĹϵо׽ˣҶƽȻǳļ
Ψһ¼Ҷƽ˾գԴҶƽ߲֮󣬾ΰ˹ȥ֪ðǱϾɷߵһܾģҲܾģر¼ҶƽҶƽҪӲ죬϶Ҫܶˣ˵ҪҪ¶һ棬һҶƽ


305 翼
ԼĺɫµϳҶƽվϤİ칫¥ǰȴĲίԱǣҲִֻίίֻЩйԽӵίԱŻӭӡ
һһ֣ҶƽǺһЦС΢ЦҶǣӭӲ칤
ҶǽҶǣʾһкͲɣҶƽ΢Циһ£רҶˡ
С䲢֪ҶƽеĿģ˵ЦȥҦרҵ֣ΰվԱЦҶƽ֡
뵽Ҫⳣְ£ҶƽЦŵΰ糤ĹĲò
еĪ˵ôһ䣬ΰȴһַ̣Ҷƽʩѹ˵˹òأ
æͷסҶƽ֣ΰֳһǫȻŹʤ֧֣ҶƽίίҶƽʱһҶƽ࿹ûС
ȫҶƽ֣ƺҪҶƽȡһЩƵģҶƽû˵ʲô΢ЦȴǸٵ
Ҷƽ΢ЦʾӣȫǸˡ
ǿʱҶƽȱְοһᣬҪҪǿϸ糤֣λӣ
һЩвĸɲ֪ϢҲҶƽһ棬ôػӭҶƽûаڳӣһһҲ֣˵˻
ֻûйרųȥȥˣԶ͵͵ؿҶƽв֪ʲôζǰкֲ˼ԭúõĹϵո㻵ˡ
ĸɲһȦҶƽרҵ׳Ӳ칤˽ٰܷ׽ڵжϡ
ѵȺ׳Ҷƽ֮󣬱ս֣Ӳ죬ͲôͬˣֻаСΰͬһ϶Ҫͬġ
һҶƽϾֳһޱŵ飬ҶƽӲ칤ΰҪȥְ񣬾͵úúÿһºˡ
ٿһС͵̸ᣬѽײҵķչҶƽרҽ˻㱨ר㱨֮Ե˼⣬һһ˽
֪ҶƽרҹʲôΰҶƽĶǴרҵƺҪһЩµĶҪΪǣҶƽڹֳ֧Ÿ
ȥ׳Ҷƽִר׵忴һһֻһƬƬһ󣬳ũ԰⣬רҿ֮󣬲̾ûоٰũҵĽգһҲûжٵףܲܰ죬ûпԣ
רҵҲЩģɣڲתһһȦ֮ҲҶƽ¶϶ֻ˵ҶٰվãҪõĻʩĻʩڿǲһЩǰμӽջأ
ҶƽʩǿԸıģֻǾٰһ죬Ч˵ĻԾٰڶ죬죬ʵʩԽԽãȻǻע⵽ھٰ֮ǰԸƣҲǴٽǾõķչˡ
רĻ˵ͷҶֻṩ飬վòһͷĵĶóʵʵĲƷôϿɣǵĹƷڱȽϷḻΧһһǾã׽ڲֻףʳƷĶֻвƷԽԽḻղŸ壬˵Ĳμӡ
רҵҶƽ˵û׽ڲֻڹףһЩʳƷҵμӣʱһЩѣܽʡһЩĿ֧
İ廹ҪרҰѿԱдãд֮űȥҶˡ
ҶҪץþù˼ĿȨ飬ҲҰиʹӣ˲쵼ֻҪҶʲôҪ󣬻Ӧ
ҶƽſԱҶ̸Ȥ˵ƽվⶫһʵ飬ũҵĽոûоٰô뵽ٰģ
ҶƽЦżһУ뵽⣬ʲôҪ뾭ùϲУģҲ뾭ùϵϣ⡣
Ҷſͷ˵ǣͷ𣿡
Ҷƽҵ˼죬ҪЭԽߣӰԽ󣬲壬Ҫũҵֺίһ£Ƕί졣
Ҷƽ˼Ҷ˵Ұһũҵֺίһ£ǶǷҪв֧֣
ҶƽҪģڿˣȡҵֳǴ˴νվõص㣬ֻ֧ռһС֡
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ҶƽЦ壬̫ллˣǮ˲֣ʭӶ˲ҧˣȻңҾͲˣ
ӣҶ񲻽Ц
Ҷ֮ҶƽſԱȥݿԱԺüͷ˰죬˵ҶҪܶǮ㲻
ߣҶƽ˵ǣˣǶصһܴĳɼ˵ϲ쵼ע⣬ǮǿѰ֧֣ȻҵỨǮġ
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ҶƽЦǲԸȥѰֵ֧Ļҿרȥһˣȡί쵼֧֡
һ˵ģȥһԣҲͬĻҾͬ㣬㿴в
Ҷƽû⣬ȥһ£еĻ㱨
ͷȴͻȻһ£üͷʵҶʤô
Ҷƽһû뵽ʵ⣬ʤϵܣôʵ⣿
Ҷƽԣ˵˺ܺð
΢Цһ£֪Ҷƽһֱ빨ʤͣھȻ˵ʤ˺ܺã˸еЦˡ
ǺЦһ£û˵ʲôҶƽ뿪İ칫ҡ
Ҷƽ֮˼ʤıЩ쳣ʱЩȻԼһֱǲʲôԼ
֮ŹҶƽ⣬һ£һҶƽҶƽеԹʤˣſһҶƽı֣һҶƽҶƽ֪һЩ֪飬ҶƽԵúǽȻ˵ʤûдﵽĿġ
Ժ÷Źʤһ㣬뷨쳣ԭ򡣡ص


306 Ѱ֧
ⶫվɾٵİ칫ЩͷԣԴɾٵԺɾٵĹϵͲãӦʤߣɾʱʱؾʹѹһ£Щơ
ȽɢˣƽʱԼɾٻ㱨ǵɾٸǲˡ
ȻԼ˴Σ˼ɾٵӿ˴ΣͬһģţƣɾǰҲ
ɾٽе칫Ҹѵһ٣Ҷƽɾٵİ칫ʱպÿⶫվɾǰѵһĻ
ϸеѿⶫ뿪ɾٵİ칫ңɾƺѵˣָٳ飬سͲҪˣ
֮мⶫҶƽǰţƵĲˣɾǰȴһ仰Ҳ˵
ò׵ɾ꣬ⶫ˳ȥҶƽɾ٣оղδûйԼǰⶫ˼ʾȨ
Ҷʲô¹ҰҶƽɾԵñȽϿȻҶƽоԼ̬ȷ˱仯ǱԵûǱȽܵġ
Ҷƽ鹧صسи㱨һ£ϣܵõ֧֣
ʲô鰡ɾбϣɢؿҶƽ
Ҷƽר׫дĿԱ潻˹ȥ˵س׼ڲһ׽ڣǱѾ㱨ˣڹس㱨һ¡
Ҷƽӣɾٰѱؿ˿һᣬƶ治԰Ϊͷ˵򣬴ٽؾõķչһ⡣
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Ҷʽ棬ҪǮȫɾٺʹشӦ
Ҷƽ˼꣬æȡί֧Լҵṩ˵˳ɾһһϲһÿЩسʱ񲻾ͳǣ
Ҷô˵ҲҪȫˣϽһôɾһ˵
ҶƽЦǸãȫ֧֣ͺðˡ
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Ҷƽһͷ˵ίظһˣҶ໥ֵ֧ġ
ɾٲЦҶǳҲãС޴
˵ҶƽֻҲЦ
ʾûɾٱʾȫ֧֣ҶƽͽһʽίѰϵ֧֡
ίҵ죬ίϴ󣬼ҶƽһЦǺǵģ˾úͰס
ҶƽԼ뷨һ˵֮󣬷ͱ۾룬Ϊһûʲôȡ֮ˣҶƽ뷨֮󣬱۾СҶⲻûʽǣֻܿͷ֧һˡ
ҶƽЦǲҪǮҪҪǮҲᵽȥҪֻҪʾ֧Ǿˣ
ǺǵСҶǲˣûʲôǮ
ҶƽЦҲͬа
Ǻǣ첻Цһֵӣ̲ۣүүСҶ㵱ʱ䲻ĵͦ
ҶƽЦȻһЩֵ֧Ҫ󣬱ȫеĽǶȽгﻮЭʡеŲ뱾λЩ뿪ί֧ǲеġ
˷죬Ҷƽֺͽһȥȥί鳤츱δ»ʽݽ˱档
»һͽȻǷǳ飬к£ȻѱøгҶ񿴡
ڻȴţЦЦҶƽҶ˵쵼᲻ͬǸհ
ҶƽЦҸоӦ࣬ϾǵһµĹֻҪǺúø㣬һܳɼġ
ֵҶһ⣬ң϶
о˻Ȼ֪ɾٹϵȽҶƽЦҲģҪǵλӣһ뵽ġ
ֺǺǵЦ˵ҶûˣᣬˣһܵسͲˣ޷ǾӣԳԺȺȣ֣˵ǲǣ
벻ѧˣҶƽֻ΢΢һЦˣ˵س䳤ḻûȣԺָ
ֹһЦû˵
»űȥҶҶһ棬֪ô£˿̧ǩ볤첿гʾ졢в֡ũҵֵز֧ϣվǵǰƶ÷չһ㣬صһĶԣӦһ֧֣
Ҷ˳ǩȻԴ»˵в֣вóһֶ֧صһҪģ
Ҷ˱ʾ»еܾȣһ֪£򲻻ôʹؾóһʾ֧֡
Ҷİ칫˳»صңһҶƽЦҶسϲˣҶгͬǾٰ칱׽ڵҪ󣬶һרһΪѿ֧ǻȥԺ󵨵ظɰɡ
һҶ񲻵ͬһһ򣬽ֵıЩţ벻ô˳ɣô󷽣
ǳ˵ظҶƽԺЦҶһԶٷףһ°ɣ
˵ӣҶƽЦðҸСһԶٷ
ȴ˵ȥСأѡһ󷹵꣬ȻһЩһԲ𣿷ģϣǮ
ԺȾǴ󷽣Ҷƽﲻһ£ҲֵֹͬҪһ󷹵꣬ϵ˼﹤ѡ
ϵһȦҶƽûôϵǽҪ˼ҳԷɣһȦˣһũҵֵһͬѧ½Ҫũҵֵ֧֣һҦӢˡ
ڶҦӢе뷨Ȼ֪ҦӢ˼ҿ۵ɾ٣ǽеһһ¸飬Ҳ˵
ҦӢûмҶƽһҶƽ֮󣬻Ϊǽִ飬񲻽ҶƽȥҶƽöЩëŮʲôΪʲôҪӾһɧޱ֮ˣ֮ʲôĹϵ
ʱ򣬽ֿܵλҶ


307 ӵһ
ֵĻһڣҦӢһ£ԭΪǽִС飬û뵽ȻҦºоᵽҶƽ
ĿҶƽϿȥæվ΢ЦҶգ
ȥҶƽֵسλǡ
æܵί겿ҦСҦҦºϯã
ҶƽҦº֮ĶԹֲֻ֪֪Ҧº֮˺ܴĲͣԻҶƽܡ
һҦºãҶƽһ֣ԭ˾ҦӢ
֮һ֮ģҦӢıȴǷǳ壬һʱǲСŮˣҪҦºˣҪҦºƯҾֹҲһЩ
ȻⶼҦӢı棬Ҷƽ֪ɾǰı֣֪ҦӢɾǰַǴȤӣŻһʶ
ҶҾһƣĸһ໥ʶ֮ƾͿʼҦӢõվ΢ЦҶƽ˵
ü֮һ˵ЦݣҶƽоŮһƱʱĿϸһۣü֮һźСĺ룬֪ĸϿŮԷɧʳ֮Ϊ롣
ҶƽһȴҦӢ۵ףһʱЦ𣬱֮гŮ˵ţţҶƽ˧ӸλҲ޷㿪ջ
ҦӢеһҶƽɾˣǰֵعڷɧ»ҶƽķУԱֵһ㣬Ůһ㣬õҶƽϿɺ׽
һ¶ǣҦӢϱ糺죬ɾǰѷŮԵķ֮ҶƽˣǴʱȴǷ潿ߣ˵ݵӡ
СҦǺһơڳԻҶƽĻ֮УִһӣһЦӣɫԵؿҦӢ
һֵǸӣҦӢвЩУ˵ʵڵ첻Ƿ곡ϷǸɾٵӣôͽִôҲϷЦ
سҸղźҶȶˣٺˣһٺȰɣҦӢεεŤ˵˵ͬʱûп֣ǰĿŵҶƽϡ
һȣֲ˵СҦϴǺسһȾƣ㵱ʱǺȵҪڶöˣҲû𣿽سȻûڣҶڣҲҪȺãҶᣬǰ;ԶҪǲȺãǾǲҶӣ
ִֵҦӢ˵ЩҶƽԱߣҦӢɾһԷ˵ˣ֣ӱϢģû˰˵֣϶Ҳ֪
ҦӢȻ֪ҦºҶƽ֮ЩԹǴʱҶƽ֮󣬵ǾҦº̫ǣҶƽǣᣬҪҶƽȥⲻɵ𣿹ʤȻ֯ǹʤǰ;ôҶƽȣֱ̫ûͷˡ
ʱְȾƵ˵Ҳûʲô̫ķӦҶƽ֪֪ɣ̫⣬ֻ֮ҪɾٴϹϵĿĻΪԼϣɾܰæһ֮;ϸһϾίвɾٵˡ
磬ҿ˼ҶľҲޣҪô࣡ҦӢڽ˵֮󣬽Żᷢˣ̽һҶƽ̬ȡ
һҦӢôͽҶˣҶƽеŮ˻ˣˣӵĹͷ¶Ҫˡ
ֺǺһЦСҦҪ˫ɣǺҶһȣ
žƾֿʼϷҦӢˣҶƽȻֵĻһӶͦЦó߶Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǺȣǺȣس˫ҿ治ˣҶƽæЦЦڰ֣˲һ
ҦӢ˽ֵĻ֮ЩģҶƽԱߣֻЦеˣ첻ҪգҶƽЦŰڰ֣˵˫治˵Ļ֮˼һֱˡ
Ҷ治˫ɣѵҶ˫ɰžƱҦӢЦеؿҶƽͻȻôһ䡣
ҶƽˣũҵֵֽǸͬѧһֱԱ߿ЦʱҲƱģ
ǺǣҲ֣Ҷƽ쳤ʶˣֺ˼һˣҦӢʮ꣬Цñ˻͡
Ҧ˫ȻûģسҪȾأ˵˫ɣɣķҲ£˵ôȰɣҶƽƿֱӰѾƱƵ˵ôһ䣬ΪϹŰһЦȲƣ
ãҶķɶһᣬȥ壬ݸ裬ӵһ£ִһֺǺǵ˵ЦһЦ߶ִһЩ
ҦӢҶƽʼԾвȻһתЦֵ磬ӵܷɶԶ
ǺǣжԶжԶҪǲŵĻǾһԡָоҦӢԽԽ״̬ˣĻ˵ȥǾ̫ϧˡ
ҦӢһµȥĽ磬ҿǷɵԶ϶Ҳû˼ҶӵɵԶ
˻һҶƽһûеľƿҦӢϵãµ˳Ҹһר˵С꾫ղŲ㱻ŮĶԻˡ
СҦô뿴˼ҶӵɶԶ͸˼ҺȾưƺȵԽ࣬ɵԽԶָоգһ죬ҦӢٸҶƽ
ƵȻǲºȵģüҦӢҲȲҶƽ˲ƴڻɴѾһ˵ðɣҾҦһһ˰ɣ
һҶƽƣºȾƣҦӢҲƱһѾƺȥ
һϵľƾͺȵԽԽȵĸ˸ɵƿ׾ƣһƣũҵֵǸαȵſ£һֱܺȶܺȣȵ¡
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ȳӻȥ壬ȥӵҲûɳˣ
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Ҷ磬ȺûУûȺãҦºߵҶƽߣȥܽˣɫ糺ؿҶƽ
ҶƽȥŮҦºкܴͬҦº첻һøȴʱᣬʱʱˣһǰնܡ
㣬𣿡ҶƽƱĿƽؿʵ֮ȴһӵѹ֮ݳ


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ôȣҶƽƽʵ
ҦӢ˿µĽֺǸũҵֵΣ˵Ϣһᣬȥһơ
֪ҦºΪʲôҪȾƣŮ˵ľѾе棬ȻҪȣǾˡ
÷ԱԱߵϢϢҶƽҦӢһС䣬ƿֺ
Ҧº׽ãҶƽһƣװһ
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Ҷƽ˵ô˵׽õĹϵ
ҦӢĿһҶƽȥ˵ҶҰ
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ҦӢҦº˰ý˵׽ãȻһЩϿԸӵغðһЩǳĿĲŶƺġ
Ҷƽʱ΢ЦýõĹϵҲͦˣҦϯһͦиԵˣ
ЩȻڲᱻְҦӢͻȻصͬʶʱΪܣҶӸλȥʵ̫ˣǧҪΪҺһ֮ġ
ûϵҦӢ̬ȣЩҶƽԤϣһۣЦ㿴ȷʵˡ
ҦӢ̿ЦлҶ佱ղŽҶ磬ûɣ
Ҷƽ˫һ̯̹ȻЦôأܺðڸ簡õģڹٳϺУеñ׸׽ûϰˣ
ҦӢЩЦҶͦĬģղŵЦûɣ
ҶƽһЦôܣҵǵֵ
ҦӢȻһ£̧ͷҶƽûа취ھƳ뷨ԾգƺȲȥʵһҲôķģ
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ҶƽȾƵӣҦӢһᣬ̧ۿҶ磬ǽҶɣ𣿡
԰ҸղѾ˵ˡҶƽ֪ʱһ֦̳Цеص
ҦӢһںƣһֻа׵֣ϣĿҶƽҶ磬ǸӣίӶˡ
Ҷƽһ̣˵ôˣ
ҦӢЦ۸ӣֹϵȴֹϵң㣬ñ޼ӡ
ҶƽǺһЦȴҦӢǲҪһЩһ룬Ц޼ôûоҾô֮ദĺܺðô޼ˣ
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ҶƽȻһʵҲسϴοίᣬ
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ĳί˼ʤҹϵԼˣҲ֪Щʲôеĵ㲻ԾոεǸƺɾǱܵö࣬ʤȴ֤ԿɿЩɹ
оԽԽƿزľˣһĵĸоûеְйأίʱһֱǵθְйֵʱҲֳֻλӣȻίθǣȻǻǸǣȻ浣ίǣȻʾ֭뷽跨һѸŪˣ»ˣ˳Ҳ˶أΪƿصģû뵽ӡ
֢ҪɾϣίΪʲôɾسҪ֪ˣ罫˳
ɾıԸΪܲΪƿأΪһһλӵͨũӵܣСĽҪԹԸɾٵı˴Σﲻ𰡣
ĳί֮Բټվһ𣬴ҲΪԭڳίίίκһ֮⣬˿ӶԼСžˡ
ڲͣһЩ飬ȵҰ󣬱ЦеؿҶƽٿ˴γί飬Ҫоƽľٰ׽ڵ飬ƽרŵѰ֧֣гͳ첿ֱʾҪȫ֧֣ҲרһԪ飬ϲɺذһҪִжгͳ첿ָʾѽ׽ھٰá
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310 ٵ
ɾ˼ҶƽҶƽͣһ˵Ҫ׽ڣҪѺܶǮȻһ򣬵ԶԶزǮҲǺܳ㣬ҵ뷨ͨҵģʽͨҵķＯʽһȽѵĹҵҲɵӣԸԸǮǮ֮ܲܵõôⶼҪȥԽ飬˭ίΣҪ顣
˵ɾ˵ɫ仯ˣȻ͵óɼǻûǾô죬һ򲻴ǹأҶƽ˵ԶԶô죿ĶǮóʮǿԵģٶˣҲҪ׽ⰡϾͷҪǮĵط̫࣬ȫͶ뵽׽ȥҶƽҪҵǱҪģģô㣬˭ίΣҪ⡣
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˵ҶƽͻȻ뵽ղɾٸǣűˣڲǶصˣĲģû㱨˭ίε飬ǲ̫һЩ
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Ҷƽ֮ǰͷڼҵ⣬˰죬ôһ⣬ʤһҦº츴ɾǼ֧֣ҲͬˣֻһζطԿ²ʲôֱֶֻͨͨβܴһµĽŤת档
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һֱФһѣһֱûлᣬҶƽ飬һһ˳
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ȥҶƽ۾ͻȻһҦº죬Ҧºм˵ĺãػȻ뷨ѹ÷ǲǸˬһЩ
ǼƬʼûĿľڵȴᣬʤڰɾٻͨڻɣʱƬ֮ɾ֮ĹϵʤĿ̨ü򵥣μ򲻺֮࣬ùʤĴڶһЩˣڹʤĴڻһôȵɾ֮ìܼ֮ʱʹɱﵣӶһµУѹ
һҪĺͶҶƽԼҪѹҦºĳ嶯Ŀؿ˿ǰԼѾؼ쵼ɲˣǸոմѧУҵͷ࣬ʲô¶ҪıòС
ҦºʽιװΣҶƽûΪһиṩ˷㣬еҶƽһȵˣǰͿҶƽĺһЩ֪Ҷƽ֮ϵĸе档
ٰ׽ڵίϱҶӵݱ֮רٿһг칫ᣬʽֶ֧ؾٰ˽׽ڣҾ÷ֹũҵĸг浣н׽ίΣѾٰ׽ڵļһȥԭֻǶίũҵֽЭ죬죬ίٰ죬ڸɴţƸøһЩ
Ҷڴ鵱µ뷨׽Ҷƽ⣬ֻ֧Ҷƽ£һ룬ԼȫҲ£ֻ֮ץùҵķչũҵȴûзʲôĻᣬβôһЩҶƽһЩͬʱҲй⣬ĺµң
뷨ټϿίı棬Ҷٰ׽ڵĹģøгץ飬ʵá
쵼һְ£һӾȥֵ֧ʽҲͲһˣг칫֮󣬱ίһũҵֵľֳйԱһ˶أټص쵼лһо顣
֪Ҫɾ˶ǳӣϾιصίǣڶŲٵӰһܶ˶ӡ
ķǳߴ󣬳÷ǳͷһ֮ɾ˼򵥵ֱ˵ټԱɡ
ɾ䣬ûзϻԭڶصĹ磬ɾ˼æȥټԱίԺμӻ顣
Ҷƽ֪ӵ֪ͨæǰңڹ飬ǰûʲôӴյϲ絳εʱ򣬹黹ûеߣӦְͬġ
Ҵҵңټ˵Ѿɾٵ˵ͬ˻ңλίĸʶæվк
ɨһۣûʲôʾֱҵмλðеˮһţ


313 Ӳ칤
ɾ˸ɨ˴һ֮ϵ˵ҶгָʾǼר֣оһ¾ٰ׽ڵ飬гԴ˷ǳӣίŲһĹ
Ļһ꣬Ŀ㿴ɾԱԾԾҪԣȴǿҶƽгҪҶƽͬ־ץҪһ㱨ɣ
һ˵ŰĿŵҶƽϣصǾҶƽͬ־Ƚһ°ɡ
ԼȽҶƽɨһȦʼѾٰ׽ڵһ飬ĿġãԼҪ嶼һ顣
һҶƽĽܣĿһʼͷҶƽҵģʽĹעдԣҿԼٲѹܹٽ׽ھٰЧһǳ⡣
ƽͬ־ҵģʽд⣬ô㿼ûУҶƽ˵֮󣬱Ȥһ䡣
һҶƽ㽫ԼһЩ뷨˵˳ȻЩ뷨죬ղŲûл㱨ڹһ㽲˳
Ҷƽ뷨ƵƵͷڽ֮˵ݶгָʾֳ׽ίᣬҼΣΤƽͽֳ֮Σͷٰ׽ִίԱᣬҽǺͳɾسֱִίΣô˴ν׽ڵִйƽͬ־ҽν׽ڵί칫Σ帺֯ﱸһҪһģͬεĽ׽ھٰá
׽ڷֱίִίᣬί֯ϸߣִίִߣίξ쵼ΣΤƽί񸱲֮ũҵֵľֳ鵣ίΣ˵θΡ
ίİ칫ȴûдѡȴҶƽؼɲˣǹ鿼ǵҶƽ׽ڵĲ߻ߣҵģʽ뿪ûչί칫Ρ
ɾȴֻ浣ִίΣ˹ţҲûʲô˵ģֻɾٸеԼŪ˸ִίḱΣǵΣоˣ֪û˭˼ίǣس
ҶƽԹν׽ί칫ΣееС⣬ϾĸɲӦɾ˵쵼¿չӦִίĹڹţֻмӡ
μӱλֻɾίسȻǷֹũҵĸسֹ֣ũҵũ幤ίǳټҶƽԺ󣬹Щ˵֮ͬ硣
ڹ鵣ίǵʱأǱȽ֪ñ٣˵չıȽϿ죬ǴûйһΪ˽׽ڵ飬ʱһ
Сΰ֪쵼ҪָȻʮֵӣרŴɨˢ˱ĸɲòæµ
Լĳڽؽʱ濴ȥֻ޵İ͵·ѶȥԶһƬƬ͵ĵרŷչ˹ײҵܶȺڶ˽ףԭһ
ٽפأ鷢һЩεضһƬ۴αȣǺҩҵĳһЩԵøˣԱǽʳƷ׳ĳԵСַǷñȵسǵĹҵ
ЩˣԼǰӲģȫͬˣȥò˷츲صı仯ѵⶼǸҶƽĹͣ
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314 ֯ﱸ
ʱӨˮ೧濴꣬ҩҵСһſڽܣЦЦýˣƽͬ־ģûôֱʣ
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ںҩҵתһȦ׳ʵĿĵأٰ׽ڣҪú˽һ½׳
Ϊרһµǰ׳ڵ׳Ѿ˷Ʒֵһ⣬ͨũԺʡũԺĺѾöֵƷ֣ƷĶɻײҵЧ档
˿ǵطĴͳƷƣԭûץסһصгϰձŽשȴûǮڽг𲽴г˾÷չһϰյ룬һõķչģʽξٰ׽ڣһƷƣ׵Ʒһ죬ͲӰ쵽׷չ⣬һӰ쵽ũҵƷķչҪƶũҵƷг໥ٽӰͻһԵĻҲҪٰ׽ڵһĿġ
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׳ȥʳƷ˽׵һȺڿһôˣܹΧۣҶƽϰҶڴȻүûһάģڴ˾ͽź磬ƽؼˡ
ҶһҶƽؼˣæʵСʲôʱؼҵģôȴ绰
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ӲĹҶƽȥν֯ﱸ׽ڵ飬ɾٻصһ幤ĿչҪԲһӲ涼ҪòһòһҪһ׽ũҵչݣչݿɲֻչףҪȫصɫũҵƷùչ
򵥵ذ鰲źԺ󣬺Ҷƽһص֯ﱸ
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ڵһǮļҵǮҩҵʱӨˮ೧𣬲ҵǮܵõôĽͨýĺ׽ڣЩǮҵ൱һι棬Ǵӹл档
Ҷƽ⻰鲻ͷһ֣һЩҵԸǮμӡ
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ͷоҶƽ˵ķǳãƽ˵ûм벻Ҷƽרᵽˣһܴĳɼ
ھٰջϣȻҪһЩսĿǰۿḻʽⷽɣһӦûκġý巽棬ȻŸܲȥؼýˣҲµĳԡ
Ҷƽ⼸飬еǳĺãȻҶƽĽ飬зֹóﱸһ룬ĿǰʵˣֻҪдˣһЩҵҲԸǮͻƽԣôƽĴһΪؼˡ


315 ɫ
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гһȥǣҶƽһ·ûʲô˵ģףӴҲһ顣
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ȻҪƽͲܲһƽԶƽԶΪԭ쵼ҲԸμǽһӺõ顣
˫˫ϵϣ֪ףӴһƽԶΪԭίǿ϶Ҫһ棬ƽӵҶƽĵ绰ȻҲǲκεѣƽԶһǼһ档
˶Լ鼸ȻǷǳˣƽԶЦŵǵרǲʲô鰡
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ƽˣ׵ӿҪȥˣЭҲûʲô飬Ҫҳ棬վ̨ҿȥһˣƽЦ˵
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316 ܻƽѩ
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ôһĽһֱ㣬ΪʲôҡҶεɵؿĽ
Ҷ϶׼ûк£ǲҽܼŮ㣿Ľм˵
ΪҶζĽʲô˼ڿǻ£ҶǹϷأҶƽ֪ҶεһЩˣԺĻ治̫š
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СŮ˶ҿʱ䳤ˣȷǵöϲɣҶ£µͬʱֲʵ֪ߵŮһѡ
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Ҷƽ߽֮󣬽Ľĺ棬ŮŮûü⣬ֱԱһСȥˣûע⵽֪
С֮ҶƽһĻˣֻƽѩľһƷźƣһ̧ͷĿ˿ȥһʫ˵ǳһֻֽɡ¶һĹ
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ƽѩ̾һڹͦõģ¶ңûҵֻ룬Ľ˵ˣ˳㣬ô
Ҷƽصðɣڵְ䶯ˣسǹˣ˴ǰƽгƽ׼ٰһ׽ڣҲ֪ģǴĽгۺܺãٴµľ棬ٰ׽ڡ
һҶƽְˣһҪ׽ڣƽѩвһҶƽԭǰܸɣһȴΪԼ־ᶨʧȥǺڰ
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˸е׽Ū˰ƽѩǰҶƽЩһʱ֪˵ڡ
ϵĽǸʲôģƽѩ˵
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ƽѩĻһӰҶƽ˼Ҳ뵽˹ȥ֮Уƽѩһ龰ȻĿǺʲôԵʣǿԽĸһЩ
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ƽѩͷƱҶƽƽⱭƸԺǶʼµǺѣ𣿡
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Ҷƽһ£֣òãСһЩȵĽţ
ƽѩͻȻݸһЦȻվסҶƽ֣ɣɣ
ƽѩãЩӣҶƽҲס֣ƽѩĻϴҶƽ֪Ϊʲôӣѵĸȥ˻ǹȥһ˸е顣
ӴҶƽеЩһСƽѩĽˡ


317 ƽ
ƽѩæߵԱ£ҶƽĽЩأĲˣƽѩºҶƽҲǼæȥ뿴һĽš
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ѩҴȥҽɣҶƽͷһƽѩĽ棬ҪȥҽԺȻ̧ͷƽѩ˵
ȻеԼĽۣƽѩҶƽйԼģﵹǸеЩůůģҿҶƽͣؿԼ˫ƯСţЩɫ΢첻˼ˡ
û£ƽܳŵסƽѩС˵
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һСҪҽҶƽﲻһ£ӦǺðɣҴȥ
ҶƽƽѩӷһĽʹԱ߿ˣʱҶΡ֪˵Ц
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ҽŲСˣƽȥҽƽѩЦ
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֪֪ҶƽǺҶһģΪƽѩģҶԱЦֵܣһģĽġ
һҶƽҶ˵ֵܣ֪鲻һµʲôʱʶģ
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ҶƽæȥĽ˵Ҫһȥɡ
ƽѩڰֵˣҶƽȥɡ
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һ·ƽѩû˵ʲôҶƽҲزԸ˵ƽѩ߹ţŮ˵Ĳ˵϶Ǳȸ߿ģڸ߿ѾΪţһܶʹŮﰮҲûѰԼİֳһȥŮˣֻܰѰĵףһõļ䡣
ųƽѩָػأһططҶסĵطЩ࣬Σľƽѩ³Ҷƽⶰȥ۵ıȥ
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ƽѩæ˵û£ӱ߽ȥһЩҩˮ׼ϡ
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һƽѩҶƽ߿æŽ˹ȥүүûȥתת
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ƽѩæСߵĶ߰ҶƽҶҵĹϵ˳һҶƽҶʧɢˣĿⲻ벻ҶѮ֮ʻܼԼʧɢˡ
ƽүүڸ߽֮ƽѩҶƽܵ
Ҷƽǰһүүá
ǰƽѩүүҶƽҲֻȳƺһүүʾء
СӲСѩôʶİ´Ҷƽһʵ
ƽѩæҶƽʶ򵥵ظһ£֮ͷ벻ҶƽŮĶˡ
СҶҽСҶɣ·ǳл㰡﹤ƽѩĻ߲֮Ҷƽʾл
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ƽѩЦ˵ҶƽǰʡǱһصίؼɲأ
ŶôѾؼɲˣΪǵһĸɲߣɲҪữ߸̾һ䡣
ҶƽЦЦ߿Ҷƽӣ΢΢ͷ
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ҶƽҲЦ߷ǳĺͰһҵķ緶ԣһҡ
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ƽϣãҶƽƽѩûüرܣֻһԼʮҵӴ˽Ҷƽһ俴ȥȻʡʡ绳
ʡ쵼ҶƽڵϼûˣǸϣҲֻڵϼ绳ûˡ


318 ϯίί
绳ˣһӣкһµ
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Ҷƽƺʺڳ׼뿪ƽѩû˼ƽʱүүǳ࣬ñܻʲô
һҪ뿪ȴǽסСҶǵĲʡ
ǲ绳Ҷƽæվסţ绳ղſ滹ڻ˭ƽҵ඼ʶҶƽĳȴее֣ڲ²ĹԱƽʲôϸƽѩҶƽһʱ
һ߽֣绳оĹԱæЦŵƽϣСǣ
Ҷƽû߻ش𣬼æ绳ʡãǶίҶƽ
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绳Ҷƽ֣Ҷƽƽļеʮֵ֣˵ôͼĸɲǲܳƽҵģƽʲôĹϵ۾ɨԱߵƽѩһۣѵ׵Ĺϵ
ƽԶԭйŮʶһпܣ˵ǰӦƽ׵Ĺϵˡ
绳һҶƽ֣һ飬ϻǴһе΢ЦҶƽҲǺܹ֣ʡأٴһѹˣοʡĹٱԼ֪Ҫټ
ͬ־𣿡绳һ֣Цʵ
Ҷƽæһ档
ǲ绳뵽Ҷƽڶعôһ䣬û뵽ҶƽҶŸΪܵĹϵ뵽ҶƽҶҵˡ
߼ƽȻҪҶǳڻĵĹٳϣҲһˣ绳ÿǣȻݷһһԼĳ羴֮顣
ҶƽıУ绳˵껰֮ĿͷƽϣҶƽ״Ҫرһ£ƽѩʹһɫƽѩ˵үүҺҶƽȥһ¡
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һƽѩҶƽ뿪үүңŲͿһҩˮͿˣ˳˼ţҶƽȥ
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ǷʱҶƽԶ΢΢һЦ˵
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һҶƽסԼƽѩҶƽ촽ܵĸȾҶƽ鲻Խӵһ
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Ҷƽ͹ףӴھǴ죬£һ־Զϯ׽ڿĻһӶ׵ýһ׽СͷᣬͨʽʣڿĻ֮ǰԤȡ
£һǳĳɼףӴ˶ǳˣص֮ίʽ㱨
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ףӴ˲ίίҲϯʿˣԭί鳤ǳгĻڳί鳤ȻĻûܵ֯ڳίίҲǲˡ
Ҷƽϯ˻飬ĻЩڣϾԭ·أҶƽڳΪҪˣ˾ٰ׽ڵǣȥһ˾ǣȻܽũҵ쵼뵽һҪھǾٰ췢ᣬӿҪºҶ˶¶ˣܲ
˵ͣҶƽҲûãСԽԽҪˡ
ҶƽƽίίĻһϯίίᣬ黹еСҹ黹ҪȥԼٰ׽ڵĳﱸ
ɾϯ飬޷ΪǶؾٰģΪ٣ȻҪ飬ϯԲһЩ顣
ڿҶƽ͹ȥһ˾ǣȡúܴĳɹҪˣĹģԽԽɾ˴ʱеŲٵѹûиãί⣬˿϶ð
ҺҶƽĴڣһжҶƽˣֻҪܰλãǵǲҶƽɼ˵Ǻܻ仯һѹ֮ʱͲɼǲԼģ뵽ǣɹ񣬵ȵ֮ʱ̸˭ĳɼɣ
ɾھڻҶ˿ԶҶƽͷȴǳ֮⣬Ҷƽȥһ˾ǣܰƽԶƽͬʱ־ԶӦϯȻ˵пܴ⣬Ҷƽ͹ҲǺֵó޵ˡ
ֻ֧ҶƽĹڵǱҶƽĹҲ˺ܺõ֧ã׽һ㣬ɼȻһݣԺһͿҶƽôˡ
Ҳ˼ûô⣬ȫҶڸ㣬һôũҵ쵼ҪˣίҪǲһ»㱨עһ£ǿ϶ǲеģٿίίоһ飬Ǳģ˵ûгֵֹȵ¼֮ٿίίЩ¼֮òٿίίƺ߸һ°


319 칫
ôĴУҶƽƽ׽ڵй˻㱨
Ҷƽǻ㱨ЩĴǲ̾СڣһССĽ׾ȻڳôĶСڣ˭֪װ⹱׿¾ͲǹˣҪĽסˣ
˵˵һץþٰ׽гץģҲȫеһǳҪĹˣҺͶгˣҪ˸㣬ũҵ쵼ʡ쵼пҪǵƽԶͬ־ԼྩЭϯҲпô쵼ǲģʵǶԲסϼ쵼ǵĹػˣӹͬ־ʼ˵˵ɣҶƽֻ֮㿪˵
µĻһ䣬·Ϊֹũҵĸȷԣٰ͵ĻĻûʲô飬صͬ־رҶƽͬ־ִµľٰĻȫ޳ɣǰһҵĽ׶ΣũҵȻǳҪǲץɼץЧξٰ׽ڿ˵һĴ٣ҾҪͳãҽɶгίΣִίԱΣͬãȻǵ̨ܺɵúòãɴС
·ԼҶƽƳмӣҶƽĻС׽ڵ֯߻òСܲϵĵطͬʱҲͨҶƽʽҶƽим
ҶίΣҲһ뷨Ͳԣֻгְ𣬲ר˸оͬһЩԣҶݴҶ֪ҪֳӵҶ̬ʹ²Ҳûа취
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·һг׾ͱ˻֧ͬҶίΣ·ִίΣͬʱԳίḱΡ
챾Ǹûô飬Ҷƽ㱨ʱҲǷܵ˼û뵽ڸһֶ飬˵ЩˣҺûʲôȡģǺˡ
СҶһ㱨ģҵʱͼ֧ûʲô˵ģȫִ֧£СҶսϵˣ⣬˲ãȫԸ
ɤ˵ҶƽһЩЦˣڿͬʱҲڿԼأΪȷʵҲΪץˣȻǶ֧ˡ
˵ǲ֪Ҷƽ㱨ˣǱǺζҶҲЦһ£Ҷƽġ
żίǳ̸աίǸ顢֯ȼίֱ𷢱ûжٹϵֻǸ˵Ҷ֮䣬˭ҲҸȥҶûҪԵίΡ
ֵĻԣĻ½ίίֵ˵ʱ˵ҿµѶȱȽϴҪЭĹϵôԵίΣöгִίΣҾøһЩƶȫá
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µĻһĻǰһֲ̬ȴص쵼Сܸõƽ׽ڵĹǵĽǳá
Ȼһ˵꣬ʶ¸ƵģԽλԺ֪ԼԽλˣĻڨڨЦЦû˵ȥ
Ҷ񲻽һۣ룬Ŀ֧ҶƽԸ룬Ҹ߶ӣ˵Ҳһ£Ҫ쵼С飬ԼҲûзԵɣǾͬⷽ汣һ¡
޳ɴǵٰ׽쵼С飬쵼С칫ң칫һְҽҶƽͬ־ΣҶƽͬ־ģΰ칫ο𵽺ܺõܲ߻ãίִί칫ΣҲСҶͬ־𣬴ҿôҶĻ˵껰Ժ̬רŰҶƽְ칫ε˳ĳίһ
СҶֻĸɲܵôҪְ񣿶һְðɣĻھ֮಻ڷԵ
Ļͬ־˭ΰ칫κʣԣҶҲڷʵ
ĻȻ˵Լʺϣ˵ֻҪµ쵼С鳤Ļ쵼С칫ο϶ģʱЩ˵ڣҶôһʣѹȽϴһʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
СҶ칫ʱԵģ뼶ûйϵһɣǶίΪͶְܵͳɾλͬ־ҲҪΪ쵼СĳԱίִίҲҪλͬ־룬ӦǹͬŬãҪƽְλ⣬Ȼ˭԰ȫȫãҿûбҪ
ҶظĻĻ


320 Ͷ빤
᳡ȫûɾ˵ķȨΪ飬һ³һڸжûˣһжί쵼ˡ
ҶҶƽİ칫εʱǸĿɿڴǸоҶƽһԾϳΪǵ쵼ˣҶȻ˵ҲҪ빤ֻͨĳԱûеξְĻУҶƽǵȻǡ
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ͬ˶Ҷ֧֣˵֮רſҶƽһۣ뿴ҶƽҶĹϵ
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ɾĬĬ뿪᳡εĽ׽ڳﱸЩȻʧɫȴκεĲίҪ쵼ȷģǸҲίǺسǲҪˡ
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321 
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Ա֪ͨɾ׼Ҫٿ飬Ա඼ˣͻȻӵί֪ͨ˵ҪίԺμίίᡣ
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324 ίѡ
ɾȴҽԺˣҶƽ룬ѽҶ˹һĲ顣
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ɾǱżϣλλģȻϻǱȽϵ֣ȴǷǳ˷ܣҹ̸϶йְ顣
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˳Զӡ󲻴ãΪԭĶȷʵǲŬֻҶƽʱ򣬲ŬһЩҶƽǱȽ͵ģû̫Ľȡģ糤ν
һ˳ô⣬ҶƽûټԼ˳ѡһʵѡ
һᣬ˳ͻȻһ⣬˿Ҷƽ˵ƽҿÿȥ絣糤ɣίҲмˣ·ŵεһˣβȱְȥ糤ʣҲǸŮͬ־СӦܺã㿴ô
һ˳Ҫø߿ȥβ糤ҶƽֵǣɲУǳίҪ糤Ҷû˻˵лġ
˳Цô᲻УίǿɲΪϵģ˼ίǣίŵ浣糤ȫģûΪרƫҾãΪ㣬ͱε浣糤ˣƽɲܵ˼ҿǰ;
˳⻰ҶƽȻеЩʣǸ߿ίҲȷʵ˸ðŵʱˣŽ߿ȥʡ˵лǸ߿ȴ뿪Ҫȥ˼Ļˡ
߿ţȻίǣڶɲҲһ⡣
ǣܸоװϣҶƽһ̬Ȼ˻˵л
ƽ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ忼ǣȥͿ˵˵и׼˳һ˵
Ҷƽһʱ޻˵ص˳Ҫȥ糤˸߿
߿һԼȥ糤бһϲ˵ƽ˳˵ģܲܶ
Ҷƽû뵽ͦ뵽浣糤ģһ۵ҲһϹ
һҶƽ˵߿һ²ҶƽϣصϹ˳ǰô˵ģûΪ˵˵û
ɸ߿ԼҶƽһ°ͣһص²ܸ㣬ǣܡ
߿һƿС˼ﻹڳίĳŲҽ㵽ȥ
ҶƽǺһЦϴҾ˯ɳﲻ˯
һҶƽһף߿ֻ𽿣Ҷƽĸ첲ƽ͸˳ô˵ģǲͬҪ󣿡
˿߿Ҷƽ۾ʵ뵽浣糤
߿һ̧ص˭ܵãõΣȻӣǸίҲҵҵίûʲô£糤ͲͬˣҲһµ糤ζ
߿˵⻰Ҷƽ̾һ;κ˶õεģ߿Ҳװ
ҿɸ㣬ﵱ糤ʲôǧҪңҾͳ˼糤ĳίˡҶƽЦ˵
߿ϲЦտص˭ϡæҲԼ⣬Լġ
ҶƽЦЦµʱޱӡ
߿ص˭˵ģɱСңˣϴרȥ򳤣ȴңﵽң
˵˵ֳٵˣҶƽһʱ˵˵ʲôʲôϵ
ôûйϵϴȴûң˳ңǲǻͬȥ糤߿ĵص
ҶƽһۣЦ˵һǲأ
߿Ťһû뵽ƫ٣
ҶƽӴһ֣ҪƫٵĻҾͲӦȥˡ
߿̲⻰ô˵
Ҷƽص湤࣬ίţһѣ˵Ҹƫ˭㵽ܿۻۣܿ
û뵽Ҷƽ뷨߿ҶƽģһʱжסҶƽƽˣͷҰɣ
ҶƽٺٵЦôͷ
֪Ҷƽ⣬߿һڣЦˣղŲǲϴ𣿡
Ҿɳϳͷ㣡ҶƽЦűס˸߿һɳϡ


333 ҵ
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Ȼ֮ǰҶƽԸС߷ҪԴգǼίа참ĳ嶯ȻǣΰˣͲ׵Ҳпѱ磬ûȨƵ˵仰ΰһˡ
ȻȴӦգص飬ΰ鴦ģܲʵŵԣһա
ҷЭ£ЩҶƽѯйյҶƽҪ账ֵҪһΪ˵飬˵˵˵鲻һ˵Ϊȷʵ⣬Ű˸̳Ҷƽ˵ȫǺȫΪ˽
Ҷƽĳ˵飬ȻҪʮӣΪһնҶƽʲô϶οҶƽڵͷʢɾٶҪ֣ȻҶƽִҪա
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ؼίû뵽ᵽҶƽΪ¶ǰСؼίٵģû˵ҶƽκεĹϵһǣҶƽϣؼί˾ͺܽţæ±˷
ǡʱҶƽһ֪˳ˮ۴ӦҶƽҪ
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С֪ΰ֮Ա鴦ҪյԭҶƽⷽҲнȻҪȡն֮Ϊؼίʽʲôˡ
ڻص˲磬һЩԲƣصһűſļϣһܵίɲʲôζؼί참͸һ˼ֳһ
ûˣûˣҶǴӦᱣģⲻǻ𣿡˵
ջʧʹ޵ί˲ҵ˿Ҳ˵Ҷǵ֣ǻҡ
ղ²Լ˳϶Ҷƽ˵˻ؼίһҶƽ֣˹˼ɣ̲ҪܵϵĥҪ֪ʵζܵġ
ƽ֮˵Ҳ֪ҵĲܼܲȥ᲻д֡
ƽͺãʲôǴҪģҪǲΰôˮںˣûˣͲҪ̫ˡ
Ļո̾һӣȵڶ죬ҵС䣬˵˵£СְְȡȻܵ˴ְ֣͸ÿˡ
ҪְӣСЦЦɵúúõĴʲôְҶзԸǼйˣͷְģúټɰɣҪʲôϵѹ
һСĻɫҪٴο޳䶯ŵףǣҶǲҵְ
СЦҶ⣬ұҲûְ˼ҲӰҵæ𣿡
һ˰С˼ΰĵ̨԰СҲһ£˵һ󹦣Сôְ
һ»ȻˣռС˵˼ллæصһҲǺܼ鵽زȻܼɣ˵ⶼҶƽֵ֧Եʡ
ǧٸɳˣҶǼҵĴˣԺ˭ҪǶҶǲһҪվ֧ض˵
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һ㶣оҲǣ˵Ҫоϵ֧֣
УæĵЦЦȻֿʼʵؼί˼죬üûˣһãŲһ¡
Ҷƽƽ֮Ȼý׽ڵ飬ȻڲٴڲˣһЩɵĲˣҪǰҶ·˵Ҫ￪չŹ
ڵݿ׽ίᡢִίᣬ쵼Сİ칫ΣҲ㱨һ½׽ڵ׼ѾǷӦˡ
¡Ҷ·˷ֱ㱨˹Ҷƽ׼뷨ȫǻ㱨һ飬˶뷨׼˿϶
ҵҶƽڹＯٶʽĿѾˣѾԶԶԤƣʱӨ˾һҾ򣬶ҩҵһҵڵ˼뻹ǽŲȻ˳ǿ˻ᣬԱǳǮ׽ڣǳĿǣûбֳǳ̬ȡ
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ҶƽǿЩҵǮǮ۵㲻ھٰһˣֻҪһЧԺҵкôȻһ֧֣һòɹЩҵһһǮȫӴ򹷣ȥ޻أˮƯǿǿҪûãˡ
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ӵ̳ϵ绰ҶƽеܾȣΪ̳ϰëǮϵûУ·޺ˣǮ֧ˣӴԺûκιϵˣҲҪǮҵΧ֮ڣҶƽҪڶؾڵҵһЩ
̳ڴ˵绰ʾԸ֧־ٰ׽飬Ĺ˾Ըʮ֧£ھͿ԰Ǯרʻϡ
̳˱ʾҶƽ˵ʲôˣ˼Ǹ˽Ӫ˾һܳʮȻʱӨ˾ͺҩҵһ㣬ûҹ˾ļҴҵȣܳʮһĿˡ


334 ʶٵ
̳ϵ·ܵҶƽĹպͰȻֹպͰҶƽǹƽضԴ·޺ã֧Ҳûʲôûܰѵ·޺ãܶνĹգһҪش顣
ܵҶƽ쵼Ĺƽ˽쵼ȣ̳һֱⲻȥǵĵطɹ̣߿۰˿ۣһҪĵȥˣûκεϣҶƽֻҪúõظɺԼĹ̾ͿˣûбҪȥЩ鷳
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˴ҶƽҵһûᣬֻҪҶƽ׽ڣ˵ҶƽĹϵͻһЩһûᡣ
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̳Щϻ̳Ͽ֣ҶƽĻҶƽһԷ
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Ҷƽؽ軹ûпʼ֮ʣٶҵɼʵǾˣȫҶƽŬĽ
ºҶ˹ͬİͶһǧԪڲ簴Ҷƽ֮ǰƽصĽ裬ָҶƽΣн׽쵼С顢ίᡢִί㱨
ίͬʱóһʽȫִ֧£Ҷƽίд
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Ҷƽ˳£˳һκεĵٿίίо£ȡҶƽίҪ쵼Ľ
йظ߿糤£˳Ѿźùʤ£ʤʱҲ˳кһа˳Ҫп찲š
ίίٿ˳ֻ飬ɾٵίίϯ飬˴Э쵼ϯ顣
˳һʼʮҶƽºҶڽ׽ڹϵĽίһĿתҶƽڽ׽¸ԽԽҶƽԽԽܵӣ˴ٿ׽ڹ飬ֻҶƽϯ˳ɾٶûвμӣǸоҶƽ̫ί쵼ˡ
ʵȴҶƽл㱨ºҶ·ٿһͷᣬ飬ʽĽ׽ڹ顣
˳ȴ˵ʽĹ飬ȻΪôҸ߶Աƽ
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Ĳ϶ǲģǮ϶ᳬ棬Ҳ̫٣˳ڻֱóԪٰ׽ڡ
˳˻һһЩίǴһز˵һСĿôֵ࣬
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һ룬ɾٱ̬زЩ׽⣬ҽǮɲ㲿ز㣬Ƚ׵һЩ
Ĳԭ࣬ɾٱòȳȻزǮΪ㽨裬ǮӦġ
ҶƽǮĲǳ㣬Ҳ϶ȲﻹҪҪ󣬰Ǯó
ίҪ쵼ˣǲǮ֧֣϶ǲеģǮ£ͷǻҪġ
˳̵֮ת˳վһ𣬱ϾԭϹϵɾŵʲôҲȲϹϵ
˳ϹϵֻһˣҲԭû飬ίĴֺܿУɾԵûһЩ
Ԫǲ̫һЩԪɲԣسɿ˵Ժתɾٸһˣԭʱ˳سʮڵǣȻǸϲûа취ɾٺ˳֮䣬ѡһȻԭɾٹϵãƱˣɾҪȥһļϣߵһˡ
Ŀŵɾվһֻ飬һ֧Ԫе˳ίͷƺ
һ˳оԾĽֻԪȻºҶ˵Ҫ󲻷Ϊίӣ治оʣһʣʶٷӳŶԴϼ쵼̬ȣίԲһ㣬ÿһ㡣
ˣίҪ쵼ԹעĹͶҲͶ棬֧һǧԼɺͳ˻ûУ˳϶µӣзĻᡣ


335 ίͨ
˳Ȼ˷ʵѾû˵ˣɾĿⰵһ£ûٱʾʲôίϢģٳַ
ίó֧־ٰ׽ڣ֮˳ùʤó糤ͬʱίһְǽФеΡ
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߿β糤ĳίǶ֪η߿Ҷƽķˣû˲֪ģԷҶƽķ˵β糤¾ǳװҶƽˡ
û˱ʾͬһҶûҶƽرܵģʱͻȻһ߿Ҽرܲģҿһ»ǷһҸ˲ͬ߿ȥ絣糤һ˽ȴҪһЩȥ糤ҵʤβˣʤβ˽ְڲȥͬ⡣
Ҷƽϵطĳίһסˣ˳һ֮ȴЦƽͬ־߷࣬ͱףͬ߿ͬ־β糤⣬ѡθ߿ͬ־ȥ糤֯ž濼֮ģͬ־ίڼ䣬㣬壬֯κϲΪ糤Ǻʵģƽͬ־һ˵ķĨɱͬ־ĳɼԱ߿糤¾ˣһʲôûУ
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ڹٳˣٳֶθоȱҶƽҪΪһɼͬʱҲҪȨ˵İСͲܲһãνڹٳɼ
߿֮ͨФеίǵҲû̫ίǲ̫Ҫĸλǵְλһ壬ίҲ֪ФҶƽ˵ĹϵȻβ˳ˮۣһ顣
ί˳ͨҶƽһصң߿ίоĽһҶƽֻЦЦΰɣ׼
һͨˣ߿˵صսʿҪʱ׼ģʲô
ȳȥ糤Ҷƽ˵ʲôˣҪ˵Լ糤ĻԼ
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֪ϢФרŴ绰ңһµľί죬֪ϢҪ磬ǴʱФרŴ绰ȴʶǹǰҫһ£Ͼ֮ǰѾƼְˣФȴ;Щɣڵίǣ˵ƽƽˡ
ʾףأФоǵЦҪ񽭺ҶƽһԷҾһۡ
ȻǲᷴҪȥ֯ˣФйϵҶƽҪͳԷٶ뼸ͬѧ
ҪҶƽμӣ֪˲ãȴǸȤ֯һһġ
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Ҷƽһϯʱŷôˣһ֣ͬѧվ쵼ǵ쵼¹ܲվ
һЩͬѧһֳݵҶƽ뵱Ҷƽʱǿɶ﹤ĸɲĻ뵽һҶƽᵱ쵼ΪǸ߸ϵ˾
Щͬѧ棬˰ҺФ⣬ͬѧͨİԱƼ١
һôˣһܿ㷴ӦкŴ£ҶƽҲ˵ұͬѧͬѧǴҶͬѧ°ɣ
һһܣҶƽ񽭵Ҳֱ˹ȥȻҶƽȻͬѧŵһҲٳΰţҲס
֮ȻͬѧҶƽλ쵼ڣ˵ҲôȻȻʲô˵ʲôˣһǿ񽭺Ҷƽ˵
ҶƽһæЦ˵ҲҪ⿴Һ˰ҺǴѧͬѧҲǣҵĸͬѧҲҪʲôΥͬѧ֮ۻĿˣȽЦ
ĿͣſϣſڲֵĹЩ˳ģԴβֳԺ󣬶ôˣԶԽҵ
ʱȻûʲô飬Ҷƽ㽫ˣòУЦԾա
ſֻýЦйоأȻЦ֣㲻աһӣЦ˵Ц
ίҪЦȻܲϴҶƽҲЦſܽʲôЦֻһ˵˵ĳλ쵼ë֯Ӳ칤һӴſڣôſڵ޺ƳΪ·ϣһֽû쵼˿еضԳζصԭϺø
񽭻ûü˵꣬ϱЦȴô֮󣬼Ůͬѧߺǻ˵ʲô벻Ĵ쵼ҲɫЦ˸еЦˡ
Ҷƽͼͬѧ֮ЦǰϣЦҲ̫Щף׼ĵװ
񽭣ӷ֯ĲҪ쵼һ·ӦùŶҶƽЦ˵
񽭹һЦƽղûԭϺø㣬ܹȥ
ФнӹЦøǲҲø߼չҲŻԸȻ˭رŮͬ־Ǻǣ
ȥФУ²һФ˵⻰ФһۣЦ˵


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໥֮ɵһڶ֣ȽϼįûŮͬ־ֵرȽڣƵƵǺȾơ
һίǺȾƣ⼸ŮͬѧȻܳæ񽭵ľƣ񽭺£һ⼸Ůͬѧȵòˡ
Ҷƽ뼸ͬѧ죬ԵҲУſ룬ͰѲֵһЩֵҪ
һſ֣ҶƽһǲĵλˣڻܵȥȻҲһ仰£ǳ˲ֻȥ쵼
Ҷƽ˻ſǲԼȵſԺ󣬲ſǲڲָˡ
룬ҶƽҪż֪ˣ뷨ģһҶƽ˵ſǺֻܼҪҶƽԸ򵥵ĺܡ
˼죬߿߸˵ȥʽˣҶƽȻ뿪˲磬ҶƽķȴˣҴ߿İ絣糤һӭ
СﵱȻҲǺܻӭȲ˵֮ԭȾǺѵĹϵǸ߿ΪҶƽһҪٰػӭҪٰ׽ڵʱʲôø߿죬ҶƽζҪȫֵ֧ġ
λŮ־յһ֮·˵Ļ߿֪һЩҪСİڰСǰȻֳί˵İǰѰС䵱õѣжԴʲô
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һſҶƽͬѧܴ󸻵ĿҶƽļͬѧȫˣҵί츱κΣФеίǣſȻԻڲ֣ҶƽǶвְ
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ҶƽҲû̫ýȥڱʼǱϼ¼ţȥʮֵ棬ʵŽ׽ڵ顣
˼룬ϵĸֱҼ֮ʱҶƽͻȻεҪ뾭ùĻһֱ壬䣬ʼϸ


340 ڿεʦ
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εһ꣬ӢϼϲصҶʡ쵼֪Ǹˣ
ҶƽһЦ²ʡ쵼֪ˣ쵼֪أεΪʡ쵼רֳᵽ¶ѡ
΢΢һЦҶƽӢϼʡ쵼Ӧ֪ˣֻû뵽βרᵽ£ұ׼һȴҽܾ飬˵ʵڵҲûʲôɽܵģǲ١
ӢϼЦŵҶͲҪǫˣʡ쵼֪㣬Ҫˣ
ҶƽǺһЦ֪ʲôǹ¶ѣҵֶû𡣡
ӢϼЦ֪£Ȼ֪֣ǺŵģԺҿҪѧϰ
Ǻǣ໥ѧϰɣǹؾñطǺã϶ҪǺãлȥιѧϰһ¡ҶƽЦ˵
ӢϼһЦðӭҶָǹҶݣ
ҶƽͲӢϼ˶ɵЦһЦôģȴӢϼһߵĹίݲˣôŮǺҶƽ˵ȴǲô
ݳһԵЩϵȥЩգЩõĲӢϼȻԸ˵ȻҲأҶͬһǲӢϼ໥֮󣬾û˵ʲô
ݵЩ仯鶫ʡ쵼֪ˣⶫǰμѧϰϵʡ쵼ͣµòӢϼĴŮϲ¶һ˵ˣѵǹؾôĲȲ϶أ
в֮ģϿ϶ǲֳģӢϼĻ֮󣬱Цһ½ӻܲӦǵزιѧϰѧϰ˼ҶĹ飬ô˼Ҷѧϰ
ж˼ַ̣䲻Ա߲廰ҶƽͲӢϼ˶һʱеȣǲӢϼҶƽ˵Ż໥һ¹飬Ҷƽزιۿ죬ʲôϵ˵˭ǣ̫׽˰ɣ
ӢϼǽţԺһ񣬵صҶȽǫ飬໥ѧϰʱǿ϶ҪȥιѧϰȡҾġ
Ӣϼı鵭ݲɵЦһ£е˵ʱһȥزιѧϰҪͼҶӴˣ
ǳӢϼ˵ģҶƽҲȻее֣˼˵ҪιѧϰԼܲʾӭҶƽЦЦӭزָ
Ӣϼûкһ𵽶زιѧϰ£Ҳ㲵ӣʾͬ⣬ҶƽĻתͷҶƽһЦ
ʽԺ󣬴ҾǿʼϿѧϰʡίУרŵʦڿΣҳѧϰʵǴųɢĵףרѧϰľͷʡ쵼ʦҲǲܵġ
ҶƽͲӢϼһ𣬲ݵûǵԣʱ֪ȥˣڿεʦȥЩ£ԵĶ쵼ɲһпԾԸԸ
ڴ˴ǰѧϰǴģҶƽڿʽελҪ棬ԱȡһЩУٽĹ
Ӣϼû飬ӦţһÿξͲӰ
Щ쵼ɲϿεʱô棬ڿεʦȻܲʣͷȴǲģȵ¿εʱʲôû˵ͼ鱾ˡ
Ҷƽæ׷ȥסڿʦֵػͷ˿Ϊǲǽдˣվﲻһ¡
ʦãмҶƽ׷ȥ˵һ䡣
ҶƽĻڿεʦܳԾ۾ʲô⣿
ҶƽߵߣԼ׼õļ˵һ£ڿʦһԭģΪûĿΣ벻ҶƽνѧĿΣﲻϲضҶƽλͬѧҵ칫ȥ
ͲӢϼԶһкҶƽЦŸλڿʦĺȥ˵Уİ칫¥
ڿεĵУʦֽз봺Ҳ̫󣬿ҶƽἴôμѧϰһʱǸ˵ؿҶƽԼİ칫ңǻǳдҶƽҶƽòˮҶƽ£ЦҶƽ⡣
ҶƽΪ˷ǳͰ˱ȽģҲǺܸˣ˵һĹͬԣĻ֮󣬱ֱӰ˳
봺ϸҶƽ⣬֪Ҷƽڲžٰ׽ڵ飬ԭƵĻҲоⷽʽҶƽĻ֮ظҶƽһЩ
϶ΪԼķȷ˵ʱҶƽԼṩķοϾûȥؿһһЩ̸ֽδطʵʡ
봺ⷽһоҶƽ룬ÿ봺ȥһˣָһⷽĹȻ֮ǰѾרҽָܸоĳЩ滹̫⣬бרֳָһ¾ͺˡ
뵽Ҷƽֱ봺ҪһҶƽֳָⷽ⣬봺ԥһ£ûжٹϵһԼȥָǲǺʰ
ڣģֻҪԸȥֳָһ£ǻ֧ġҶƽΪҪ꣬Ҫ֪ʡίУʦ뽲ʲôģҪ֧ģұ껹ơ
һҶƽᵽ꣬봺Ц˵ҶҲ˼룬ȥϲʣ˵϶ǳشȥˣʲô⣬ҿǵ𰡣


341 
봺ĵģҶƽæ˵ڷģֻ÷ȥָһ£ҪڳеʲôΡ
ҶƽĻ봺üͷһ룬˰ųӦұʾԼҲʲôмֻ֣֮ṩһЩοǧҪʲôȨ
봺˵ǱȽǫˣҶƽǺһЦû˵ʲôǳˡ
봺һҶƽʡίУѧϰĿĲʹﵽˣбʦڿΣҲЩʦ̣ЩʦһҶƽΪ쵼ɲôѧҪҶƽźøУѧǰ;
ӢϼҶƽôùѧϰһʱҲǸֲ̾Ҷƽἴ˼ҳѧϰҲǼĹֹľһôܱȣ
ѧԱҶƽʦĵúȺ⣬Щ֮ԱǣװʲôװбҪ𣿴ҳѧϰ޷ǾɢɢģϢһ£ôƴԵμ
˽ûٳЦҶƽ˵Ҷƽڹ֣ûʲô˲ġҶƽһЩ˵ۣΪԼǰѧϰûʲôҪֵ˼ǴģôȫԭͶõ顣
æ˼죬ҶƽһԼԷΪ˲ñΪ椣רԼԷѲӢϼ˳
Ӣϼһз֣Ҷƽһͳˣ뺰ԷȴûΪɾܾˡ
ӵҶƽĵ绰֮󣬶û˵ʹӦˣһ£Ҷƽ֮ȽϤˣҶƽʡѧϰܲһ档
ҪԷҶƽЦЦûдӦسʡǣȻǶǴӹٳ˵˼൱ʡ쵼ʡ쵼ԼĿͣ
ѧʡѧϰʡǵһзǳϤҶƽһеȵεľƵ̫꣬Ҳ̫ݻͲӢϼİ䣬Žĵ
ӢϼоҶƽ֮ԽԽϤˣ˵ҶƽҪһŮߣЦҶƽҶһŮˣǲҪرһ°
ҶƽǺһЦܲŮһˣǲҪȻرһ°
ҶƽЦӢϼǺЦҶڻûرʲô֮ûʲôģ
ҶƽЦ˼ŮҲûʲôģȻôܲר㣿
ӢϼĵɨҶƽһۣ̽ʵҶô˧ĵܷǲǾ绰ң㰡
ҶƽһЦŲģҶģҲģʲô绰ңأٴ̽ʲôģûУܲǶˣûе£
ӢϼЦҶ˵ҿɲţӵôĵģһ׼ó¡
˲ӢϼһۣҶƽЦܲǲǺܷļλ簡
Ӣϼֵ˵ҷǲңҶ˵˲ĵ𣿡
ҶƽɵسȥӢϼΪԼţмֲأ
Ҷʲô˼ôǸģǲ˲İӢϼҶƽһۣװ˵˵
Ҷƽæ˵ܲҲ˼֮ҪΣλ粻㣬ǶĹ۰Ҿûʲôõģղ㲻˵һ׼ó𣿡
ӢϼٺٵЦղ˵̽Ҷƽѣڼͷʵһ֣ʲôϹܲȻϹǳģǹԱӦ࣬ٲģҲû취ܵ
˵⻰ҶƽֻͻȻˣóֻһЦŶԲӢϼ˵ܲ˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵λ治ˣ
˵Цһ£Ҷƽ뿪ȥӸ߿ĵ绰ˡ
Ҷƽ߳䣬ӢϼЦһ£Ҷƽһ˧Ӹλ߿϶ȱŮˣŮҲ֪ʲôϵԼǱ˵ݣ
ˣе᲻ãҶƽദĻᣬʧȥ񲻿ϧҪһŮ߳ʲô
£ͻȻ˸ÿһӰſڣ˿ĲӢϼϲһ£ӢϼһҲһоǰŮ˳ʵ̫æվ˭
Ҷǲֹ˵
Ӣϼæǽ߰ɣҶպóȥӵ绰ˣɣ
һҶƽ͵ĵص㣬ֹŵ˿Ӣϼ΢΢һЦȴڲҶƽ֮Ĺϵ
˰߿ĵ绰Ҷƽ˻һ㵽ˣæЦ˲Ӣϼ
ٴӢϼ֣ײӢϼҶƽһμѧϰģ̹ȻһЩΪӢϼҶƽ֮ǲʲôĹϵ
ߣּˣû˼һԳԷһ¸顣Ҷƽ֮󣬾Ц˵
ǺǵЦţҶƽǰǷɵģǽҶƽһӢϼһʱЩнˣеһЩС뷨òӢϼŮ˶Ů˵˼ĥͦ׼ģҲҶƽûиܵǲӢϼȴпܸܵ
ĽԵú֣ҶƽҲûж룬к˳ԲˣȻҪÿ˵һƣٺһ㡣
ӢϼȻһŮ֮ȴǾƾɳҶƽҪȺƣЦЦҶƽܲܺȰ׾ƣܺҲϵ׾ơ
һӢϼǺҶƽоС÷Աһƿ׾ƣһһˮƽ
㵱ȻǼֺȺƣӢϼҪȰ׾ƣǲȣ㵽ûа취ֻúҶƽ˺Ȱ׾ơ
ӢϼܺȣһͰѴ뱭ƺȥһȥ̱ð͸죬룬ҶƽΪľˣһͺˣ϶̫ܺȡ
ҶƽȾҲģ֪ԼܺȣڵľǣȥҲòˣӢϼһӣҲûкȡ
ϣӢϼһں˴뱭֮󣬸ûЪžҪҶƽɵڶ£ҪӶȽȥɡ
Ҷƽһþ˵ˣ˰ɣӢϼһһѱоȫˣֺȷֱԱߵĽ㿴ĿɿڴŮɲҲ̫ܺ˰ɣ
Ӣϼһ꣬ȥҽȣомܲˣ㼱æʾôȣҪֻٺһ㣬Ȼͻˡ
ӢϼЩˣҶƽæԱߴԲ߲ܲܺȣҪȣ
ҶƽΪڻӣӢϼЦҶƽ֮һȰôԼһԾԳˡ
Ҷƽ뵽ô˼ԹԵﵹϾƣҪͲӢϼȡ


342 
ŮʿȾƣҶƽҲ뵽˺˰죬Ӣϼˣ㿴ĲӢϼЩ̾˺ȾƣбҪȳ
Ҷлл룬Ȼȥˣ㿴˲ӢϼһСضҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ˿ȥɣ׽ڵµʱ򻹵ö鷳㣬ʱϵ㡣
ҶƽһۣˬشӦû⣬ʲô㾡ܴ绰ңʡѧϰ죿
ҶƽڣһڿȥˣѧϰҾͻȥ
죬Ŀͣһʡǣδζңֲ˼ġ
ҶƽЦ˵⻰ͼˣǽϵ
ߣҶƽεؿȵЩĲӢϼ֪ԼͲôľˡ
ܲߣǻȥҶƽȥһ£ӢϼҶƽֱվʵؿҶƽصЦҶղŵСŮȥϲ㰡
ĸСŮ˵Ҷƽʵ
ӢϼǺһЦĸСŮȻǸˣ
о˵Ҷƽû߳䣬һӲһŮӣҪñ˿Щ˵壬֮߳Ĵ˼ۣżŲӢϼȥ
߳˾Ƶ꣬ӢϼҶƽϣϷĲеԣ֮ҲЩ˵ͷԡ
ҶƽסԼ뷨ֻŽӢϼͻʡίУᣬȻƺǾͲˡ
ҶȥݣȥݣҶƽϣӢϼ૵ص
ҶƽһȥʲôݣϻصУ
Ӣϼ͵صңҺôƣصУ˻˵Цġ
벻Ӣϼʱ֪ƽϴ£ҶƽЦһµʲôмڵУסģ˵ôˣû˻ῴġ
˵ҰŵסˣȥϿΡӢϼƺҪסݡ
ҶƽȰһסȫ£ҿɸˡ
ǻôһסӢϼ̧ۿҶƽһ˵
ҶƽһʱѲҲҪԼȥסݣǿ䷿ǿһ䣿
ǹйŮȥݣ֪ˣˡҶƽе㿪ЦȰ˵
ӢϼٺЦһµҶ£ʲô֪
Ҷƽһʱһµⲻµ⣬ӰⰡܲǻǻصУɣݾͲҪȥסˡ
ӢϼҪȥݣʱ򣬳ͻȻӢϼ˵绰СŲӢϼ˿ˣֲӢϼûᣬ˳ִһ绰ʡ
ӢϼûмųݵĺţȴǼǵˣһ֪ǳݣӢϼûĵ˵˻žһֻˡ
ǳݵҶƽæȰȥɣȻزΪһҹδ飬֪ʲôȥǲõġ
ҶƽǳעԼӢϼЩ̾Ǳˣ˳ˮˣĻôȰ˵Ʒ˼ļƷ
жһЩҶƽľأҲо֮չ̫ˣҶƽܲһЩǣһ룬ͬʡίУȥ
װʮӣҶƽʱΎŮ˵ͣʱȴȥҶƽ͡
ڻصʡίУݷҶƽ˺ܶǣȻûаֺĹϵﻹǲɵز֮ģҶƽӢϼ֮ʲô
죬ҶƽѧϰεҪԱ˾ٰ׽ڵĳﱸôҽۣ۵ʦҲôҳԣѧϰһ
ûжѧϰȤȻĽҶƽһǷԵʱֻӦ˵ЩһЩ׻ٻҶƽһЩ۵ĴûжֵҶƽעݡ
мѧԱ˵ĻԣҶƽļ£۵ʦҲܽᷢԣôоȥҪдһѧϰĵý
û뵽Ҫѧϰĵãһ°ѴҾһӲ񣬸ղûעһôд
˿֮ǶҶƽҶƽдһôӦһ²£ҶƽҡͷдĻ⻹ǵѧϰĵ
Ҳûжٰ취ҪǲдһЩ˿϶ǺֻôӦǵҪ󣬻ȥдһģԼȥɡ
ѧϰڼһʡǣǻؼңҲмʡǵĴѧͬѧۻᣬϴξۻ龰ǵñȽΪһξۻᣬ񽭶ҶƽĿȫı䣬ھۻʱ򣬲ͣذҶƽĵλá
ҶƽֻЦЦİԼģ˼񽭻ͬѧĹ٣ʡǹزǹְЩͬѧǵлֻ񽭣
ͬѧۻᵹûʲôģ޷ǵһһģҲһطʲôģͬѧ֮䴵ţƣŮͬѧ֮ļͥ£Ůͬѧ֮Ҳеġ
Ҷʡǣ֪Ҷƽʡѧϰ绰ԼһԷҶƽһӵĵ绰ȻʮֵӣһҲҵʡǵһǼƵꡣ
ҶƽֱҶ˵µİ䣬֪Ҷ˭ǲǺܶ࣬һԷǲǺʡ
֮ȴǷ֣û̫ˣֻҶһһ΢Цſ
ƽǿǣ°ɡһҶƽҶܵ
Ҷƽһ뵽ʡίǿϣտµ˺٣ʡί쵼ĸ٣˿ϣûеڶˡ
û뵽ҶרŰѿҰйһԷҶƽæܹǰһǺá
ϵԵúܺͰҶǳӣҶܰҶƽרŽйһԷҲ˵ҶƽҶ֮Ĺϵͬһ㣬ȻҪ༸ӡ
˵СҶڶعòʡˡҶƽЦҶ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦƽǿᴴԵؿչһĲҲʲôɼӲһٰ׽ڵ⣬˾֪ˣ
ϺǺһЦ̫ˣϴһ˵СҶҾͺ´˵绰к̫ˣҲ֮
̸Цϴθ´кҶƽ˵˳Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ϴε¶лˣ
æлʲôӦģҶڵ廹ðɣ
ҶҰֵ廹Ӳʣ˵Ҫһ꣡
æ˵Ҷܻһ꣬ǵ͹ҵĸ
ҶǺǵЦҶƽԱˣȻ֪ĵʲôҶڿеĵλǳߣȻҶ˿


343 ȫ
ҶרŰҶƽйϼһ棬Ҷƽķչ;һĺôҶƽҲ֪⣬ڿǰֵطǳãȻ֪ҶƽҶ֮ϵǿҶ˹ҶƽȻ֪ϵǳҶƽǿɣĺϥҲһܺõ顣
ѧϰʱܣҶƽܿѧϰص˶֣ӢϼĳҶƽпȥȥӲָҶƽ֮ЦЦһӦȥȥ˵ˡ
صԺ󣬰ҼĻ㱨˳п˽һ£Ȼųͷ˵ĵ飬ǣʤίί֯úܲ˳Ȼʸϣְȹʤ󣬵Թʤʱûжùʤϵ顣
˹ʤ֧֣¾ַ浱ȻҲǲôϣڿпȫϷϹ棬ûκ׵Ϊ
ͷֻ¬˽̸˳ǵĶӿεҵλǷͨϵҹʤæԼĺӿϣûκεΪ
¬ϴ򿪲ͻƿڣʤּпʲô׵Ϊͷû취ֻ˳档
Ҷƽģ˳ȻǷǳӣΪܲһǸ˰죬һϺܲ⣬ֲȥ£ǣ쵼֮Ĺϵ⣬鴦Ľˣʤǽȶ
һ룬˳Ҷƽйͨһ£ڰȽһЩ֪ԼҶƽûиеʲôȡ
ڰҽԺҶƽһ룬о²ɶʤڶصĵλҲò飬èǣһЩ쵼ɲȻأȻίǣ͹ʤһڶعĨһЩӡȻںɾһ𣬸ǲԸˣʤɾ֮仹йϸ
ȥҶƽֻ뵽Ǽйعʤգ󻹵ذըװѹʤ㵹ܲп¼ࡣ
ԣ˳˵飬ҶƽûټóȥǱʾһ˳黹ǲ顣
˳û֣Ȼǿȫع֣ʱˣȷ֤֮оǲҪ顣
˳Ҷƽһ룬֣˹ЩƬ֣͵ĵģڻҪ£ԼΪίίȻȥ飬Ļ
֣Ҫһȫ£Ҷƽ£֣ƬøȫȫƬмίŻµŻ跨ʰʤ
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Ҷƽھ뷨ȫ빨ʤ֮ì£֣ȫ֮н飬ȥȫÿ԰кϼ¡
ҶƽĻ֣û˵ȥȫȥˣȫʱţ糤ûеϣ;ʧ޾ɵġ
֣֮󣬱Цź˵𻰣̸˴µ飬ȫ̾ӣ֣Ͱìͷ׼˹ʤ˵εУûнǹʤΰǰΰˡ
ȫһʱ֣֮֮˹֣ûʤһЩƬ˳ŵȫǰ
ȫȻ֮俴˹ʤЩ˽Ƭв󾪣æ֣ǴõЩ
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ȫ㿴Ű죬˵ʹ˵СҲСô𣿡
ŻԽһתһ۵Һúÿһ£Ҫκ˵ʲôһ绰֪ͨ㡣
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Ļش֣ûȥ£лƬһβɹԺлᡣ
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ʱҶƽ룬زһȽϲˣȻԼȥ˽չԼݣҲؿزͷɥʧȥġ
һ£ҶƽزеԼİ칫̸һ̸ȵʱֱֱܰдˣҲһܣ½ϵȥ
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ԸɣҶƽҦ˹زŵģҦ֪زҶƽ֮ĹϵҶƽ飬ȻҪźá
ز͸Ҧ˳ȥҦĵİ칫ңҵĵΣиѧҪһ¡
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زҶƽĻ׼й¶ԼĹϵĵ˭ܵģز˵ҦܵģҶƽ֡
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һ£ʤȻûκζҶƽû̫ȥĴ£Ҫڽ׽ڵĳﱸϣڽ׽ȫ뽨׶Ρ
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һҵɾ٣ɾ֮һʱûһ˵ҶƽڸҪаֻ
ЩŵصسֱӸк𣿡
ɾЦǱ˵ǿԣУа̣ȥʲô
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Ҷƽӵ˳ĵ绰֮󣬾Ǹȥ˵˳⣬ҶƽԵúǰ˳ĵ绰׼ˣһĲҲίǵģ
ҶƽҲûİ̬ȣҲ˼ҵƢԾģȥƽЩ飬ѾĲϷˡ
˿Ҷƽ飬һӾû˵ףϰıʱûˣæ˵ҪҶƽԷ
ҶƽЦЦͻؾˣڿʲôЦǾ꣬ȻԷΪɵ
ҶƽԸĳ룬ҶƽĵƣҲ㬵ˣ֮󣬾͸˳绰˳һаһ仰Ͱˡ
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ФеԾͲ࣬ñҵҶƽоһ԰ڵ飬û˵ʹӦȻ绰Ҷƽ˵ҪԷһ¡
ӵФеĵ绰ҶƽΪԼһԷ棬ȻίԺ칫ƽʱҲ٣ȻҪһԳԷǾͳԳԷɡ
Ҷƽûж͸Լˣ֮󣬾ͿüһվһЦؿ鼫Ϊ
ҶƽıһФһۣФмæǰܵƽ˾ܣһԳԷ
ΪʾҶƽ֮ĹϵФûгƺҶƽΪҶֱӳƺҶƽ֣Ǹܼæ˫ֵҶãá
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ФеϣֻܷӦһ£ҪƣֵҲܺȾƣҪȣͺһˣҲȡ
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Фһ¸ܵҶƽĲ֮ˣһʱЩΣǸǳˣƽʱܻԹɫæЦ˵ҶæȻܺȾƣǾͲ˰ɣǼ򵥳Ե㷹Ҷʶһ¡
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ӣҶƽһЩȲʲôϾһֲñ˾һζûУʹЩ˲ʲôϸ𣬵ڻҪصģЩȻϰ壬ҲҪȺ֮һеģԼΪ쵼ɲԴȺڲ̫䵭ɣ
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345 мί̸
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Ҷƽ˿˿Ļ˵¬ƿԣʵҶǶģǰ˭ҲôĵҶƽⷬǴ
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¬˵мǾҲ쵼ɲϴкͿˣһЩͨʲô飬Ҳ˵֮һϵɣûϵ϶ǲеġ
Ҷƽ¬˵󣬲ЩŭûϵͿϣйϵܿϣʲôпһҪˮʯ
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352 ˳ı仯
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߽ģҶƽҲ¬ȽϹļƣ裬̸ɲô׵ġ
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߱ί죬˷ӳڿԵΪڰҹҶƽ鵭ص
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ϴ׵飬ҶƽȻƽصﲻڵ飬쵼ɲʲô׵ΪҪһºں̸ϣհٵĹҪȵ˵Ҷÿ
ҶƽĻﶯһ£ַܿϵҶӾû׵ΪҲûҶӿίĹʲôãҶȫƾԼı¿ϵġ
һʸڷϣû¬̬ȣҶƽ˼Ĭһ£ЦЦȻֳذɣ
û뵽ҶƽôȥˣЩ⣬һ£˵һ߳Ҷƽķ䡣
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µĹҶƽǽ֣죬ҶƽҪȶƽͬЩȲһ¬ṩһЩʲôܻлߵ⣬ֻҪⷽ⣬Ը⼸˾дˡ
ЩҶƽ֣ţʱίԶ֯İѾȻʤŵ֯ջûоⶫⶫĸسΪί֯
ί֯һƳؽⶫʮּ֯ˣΪ˹ܹٵĹ٣Ժ˭Ҳӣ
Ҷƽ֪ⶫί֯һʱеЩƣⶫƢڵθسʱı˲٣һЩԵĶǲܳ׸ıģίôҪĸλѵ˳һ㶼ûз
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ԼкҶƽȻ֮Ȼǵͷǳصʾһ⣬˫֮ûʲô飬ֵع飬ȥܵӾЩˡ
ȵⶫоԼʼӦίί֯ĹʱټʱıͲǸˣԼõø˿ȥЩĿһУҶƽ˵ˡ
Ҷƽ˫еˮˮٿίʱⶫȴǰҶƽ˶ͷһЩشҶƽƺֻص˵ڲʱΡ
Ҷƽں˳̬ȣⶫ˷֮˳ûзıʾƺзⶫ֮ƣⲻ˼
˳һЩ֧ԼģһЩⶫķԣ¹ʱ֣֧£пװһЩ顣
ڼί£֣˫¾ƳƳпΪṩܱ߸ĸǮƣѾΥ
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ʱҶƽ˳ⶫ֧֮⣬û֤ݵ£ǿд֯ˣ»鲻Ҷƽֻ֣ȥ鴦¾ֵˣȻ֯ڲǷ永
Ҷƽĥ˳Դⶫ̬ȱ仯ԭӦ˵˳ֵ֧ģⶫĴڣһЩòףǰȫ֧ˡ
Ҷƽƣ˳滹סŵģɾʵ࣬һЩίȻɾٵĹϵǱȽУҲ˳ʲôìܣڰеìܾͲ˵ˣܵļͥԱ֮һᷢìܣοȨϵһá
ֻҪì˫ϵִԾӰ첢ǺܴҶƽ룬оľƽȵģ˳ʱʲô뷨أ
κ鶼һڵ⣬˳ίǣίȻҪίǵ棬ԭ޶ȵ֧ԼжصģһԼԭЩԨԴö˵֮ĹϵΪԨԴߵýһп֪ԼҶһЩȻҵֳȫ֮⡣
ϵԭ򣬵ķƵı仯Ҳеϵʱ˳ոյίǣɾЩѱԼڽ׽Ϸͷʢί߶ӣһԼȻǰĹץϣȻķͷʢԸɾһѹγԼĽ֮ƣɾһ޷˳࿹⣬ȻͰˡ
һƷյĽԭ򣬲ܲ˵˳һε֣ЩûʶⷽԭҶƽ˰죬Щ̾еʱܸоԼ˴֣ܻ֣ᷢԼ˼Ҿ棬ûӳ˼ҵġ
ԭģ˳ҪҲһץ׽ڣһץп֮ͷңʱ˳ô룬Щ˵ˡ
пϣ˳̬ЩΪһ֣ǵȶҪȶɲҲҪȶװǣ̫࣬ɻӰ쵽ɲȶ
Ҫ鴦£˳ûзӣ⽻ȥһӣܾͰ˺ܶݡ
ֵӵ֣˻ڵ⣬ͳϱһ͵̬ȣ룬ǲ赲Ĺ顣
һɽ۵ģһЩ˶˵⣬Ȼʲôʱһ϶Ƕġ


353 ɾٻ㱨
ҶƽӰ죬⻹һ棬ķͷ̫ʢе˼Ҳ˵ίס˹â˳Ҳ˿
ҶƽǰûʶģЩʶˣ쵼ɲ֮ǾʷģνòȻ˵ʱεһЩԭǲġ
һҪ棬Ͳĳһǿ󣬷ͻʧȥƽ⣬һֵͳͻõʵҲһϵ
ʱһãһͻᷢ仯ʱĲԣôͻܿ⣬ҪҪɱߣ߹롣
Ҷƽе˳֮ԱҪԭһʱͷס̫˵Ĺâ˳ҪһĶƺ⣬ⶫһܺõĽɫһᣬԭìܣֻҪⶫԣͻⶫУ˳ƿش֣оʹѹĴڡ
Ҷƽһ˼һθоôĲʱ򿴲龭һ˼ô£˳ڸԭ򣬲֣Ҳȫٶ֧ˣֻڵķͷõһĶԺ󣬻Żٶȫ֧֡
Ҷƽ׸βֻҪѹþеģһ棬ǶƵİգĵ򣬶ӦöǷǳҪġ
һӸоԼ˲٣ȻѾίίˣûоĻۺӣһǲôġ
ڵôһӣôҪôҶƽ룬һڽ׽ϣҪСĽ˵쵼С칫ΣͷЩǡ
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ңɾٻ㱨˳һѹǰⶫ֮ĹϵȽ
ڽ׽ڵϣп׵ϣʱҪʲôĶ˶ĵ⣬ֻ¾˵£֯Ҫһţȴʱ֮˵
ҶƽԵǰһЩҪһϱֳ죬ֻܳеΡ
Ҷƽٴγڱǰʱ˸оֵظǫ鹧ˣҲǸӵĽҲޱȵĿƺȫˣ˵ǰһĳίһ±仯
ÿҶƽҪȥ˳㱨׽ڵ׼ʾһĹչ˳û̫ЩģÿܶˣʶҶƽһЩת䣬תԭҪطһ¡
ʵⶫϣտʼģҪǿǵҶƽ溣֮һ̸ı˿
溣֮仹źĹϵ˳ҪڶվȽŸҪŶһЩϸɲ֧֣ЩϸɲȻ˵ˣˣȥֿ֧пޣЩϸɲʮˣʲô˶ͨεľ裬ʲôЩϸɲƷͷ㣬ЩϸɲأϸɲǵĲЩϸɲͻץסһЩѱʡ㣬ܲҲѲƤˡ
ϸɲ֮˳Ȼ᲻Զ溣Ҫʮصģ溣ⶫְϣ͸̸һλ
溣Ļ˵һЩǾҶƽķͷ̫ʢˣΪһ֣ҪҪƽ⣬Ҫƽ⣬ҪһҶҪһö棬һˡ
溣Ļ˳һʱȻʵͷҲ뷨ˣ溣ʶѣίƼⶫƼ֮£Ļ˵֧֣ⶫ֯Ȼ˳µĵˡ
ⶫһ֯Ȼ˺ܴãһЩҶƽ˷ûȫ֧ҶƽҶƽǸܵ仯רÿܶ㱨׽ڵˡ
˳ԭ򣬸оԼһлͦõģΪһܼԦԼʧܵһ顣
Ҷƽÿ㱨Ժ󣬽ÿһεɾٻ㱨˽׽ڵ
ɾٶҶƽͻȻ㱨׽ڵɣǿҶƽ㱨ⷽͷҲǺģԵúƽ׽ڵ֣ǰҶƽ˳òˣҶƽ㱨˵Ȼһ¡
һֱŵͻȻֹĶҶƽĻ㱨֮ɾҶƽָ˵صҶ׽ڵ׼ô죬Ļ㱨֮еܸˣ㿴ǲҪһ𵽲ǱȥӲһչݵĽ
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س԰⽹سҲҪ뵽˿һȥҶƽЦɾ˵
ҶƽЩͦϲ˵ģȻʱ֣һǺģҲɾ֪⣬ѽ£ɾȫ֧Ĺ
һҶƽҪýֲ룬ɾٹȻӸ˵صðϽԭ㵽㱨£ֻǺûٲ룬ҪܺҶһ£Ͻ֪һǺܸ˵ġ
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һȤˣɾҶƽ˼ЦϽһھʹ绰
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Ҷƽ΢ЦҸչˣسרŸ绰
ֹһЦҶֲʲôŮãҸʲôȾƣ
ɾҲЦϽģһȥ翴һ׽ڵĳﱸ׼һ£ҪҶһˣҪҶָӰá


354 ɾٵĻ
û⣡ɾٵĻִЦ
˵ڶ죬ɾҶƽͽ˵ͬ¾˲磬С͸߿˳ӭӣһ߿ɾٺͽֶֺǺǵЦ
ЦӣҶƽ͸߿һЦҲЦǰ֡
ҶƽɾһӲ칤СıԵЩ⣬سˣҪǲһӭ϶ǲеġ
չݴʱѾʼҶƽɾһչݽֳһ̳ôڽ蹤أһ쵼ˣ㼱æܹӭӡ
̳ϣɾٻҶƽ֮ʲôĹϵչݹкܶ˶аǸҲҹ֪ҶƽûãԼҶƽҲûŪϣȴ̳ϵ˸аˣ϶ʲôĹϵ
ɾһʱ֮жϣҶƽֽ֮˽ϵȻϣٳһЩ˵⣬ֻһ¾ˡ
ڲһ蹤أΧŽ׽ڵĳﱸĽ趼ڽţչݵĽ⡣
·ڽһؿʩޣũƷһڽţũƷһʵһСĽ裬ڲһֵϣ׷׽С¥ҪǶԱȺڲ뽨裬ҪʲôǮֻǸһĲ
ٽһũƷгȻ˵еǽ׽ڣֻҪũմߵģԽչҪѲ緢չһũҵĻء
˿Ľ賡ɾе𺳣ûѣѾôı仯ٷչȥ½ȫԭˡ
ƽ׽һ죬ľǷչˣҸоҪŶ磬ľҲչɾٿ˰죬пضҶƽ˵
ҶƽЦЦҲ˼ûüس㱨ҽͷҲһũƷʾʱ᳡ͷΪֻ᳡һȫصũƷչһԽƶĹҵչΪǿԵǾзᣬ̵طͶʡ
Ҷƽеļƻ˳ɾ֮ͷƽĻǾˣҿȥ֮ǽһٿίо飬㸺ץ׼ҸץĹ
ɾһҶƽĻ֮󣬾Ͳµ뷨ν࣬ûٺϴһֱٿ飬ǽٿίίо
Ҷƽ⿴ѹǰֻûӦ˳ȶûвٸô飬ֻϣʱ򵽾Ǹһᣬѿˡ
سǲ㽨裬ûʲôʱǿ²ԸͶҵֻسǵĽҲչڹһչ
⣬ɾһ浱죬ȥ֮󣬾ͺҶƽúһȻԼһίԺ˳㱨£ٿίо⡣
˳ʱѾ֪Ҷƽɾٻ㱨⣬ҶƽĶƵƵеʱҶƽѾʶ֧ⶫԿˣ󵽵׺òãҪһһС
һȽϿϲϵˣҶƽҶ֮Ĺϵһֱ壬ּΪںײԸʲô¶ˣȻҲſһеĳ嶯Ȩλ˵һв̫ҪҪڵȨλ
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ҶƽͻȻɾٽӴƵһʱ֮еʲô⣬֮Ե̨ȻΪɾ֮䷢˺Ƥ飬ʧأίò룬ȻίǣҲ˵ڵʱɾҶƽ֮໥ϵȻֶԸ飬Ҷƽºɾ֮ϵǲ뷨أ
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˳һ룬ϾͶⶫ˿ƣҪҶƽ֮ʲôִҪҪԿ
ĻⶫȻˬҪ˳ĻڳίٿʱٹҶƽ̨Ϸˡ
ʱɾٹ㱨سǽũƷʾҲũƷչݺũҵһֵ¡
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һ룬˳Ҷƽ˹һ顣
ӵ˳ĵ绰Ҷƽ˳İ칫ң˳æЦһָҶƽ¡
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ҶƽаʱˣȻû׼ãʱϻӺһЩġ
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һ˳飬Ҷƽ֪ɾ˳˵ˣ˳ڰй飬һѯһǿ̽һЩô˳˵


355 
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˳ҶƽĻתһ룬Ȼɾ㽨裬ȥˣʱλҪϣҲʲôҪԵ顣
˳˵飬ҶƽоڶԼ̬仯룬Ѳ鴦п׵齲˳
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쵼ɲõ˳ͬ⣬֣㱨Ժȥ˷֮ͱʾҪ˳ԸԼȥ棬Ҷƽȥ档
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Ļôһ䣬ͬæ˵Ǻͼίϰ칫ǻ֣ͷίԱϣ˵ⶼǲϹص顣
ĻвǲҶƽڹȻĲȥʲôίİӣⲻǳԱ˳ŵԼĳί鳤˭Ҳֱ棿
룬Ļ绰мίǳ̸գһⷽǸ绰һʱԥˣ̸֮Ȼܼ֮ͬɻ˵һЩȽ˽ܵ£֮ĹϵΪУ绰̸˵ˣ̸տ϶ỳаͬ
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ҰҶƽģʲôȨ̫⣬˵ûиݵģ鳤쵼ʲô飬ֱ¸ǣͬԣϾҪٿίˣԸٿ곣ί֮ҿȥ
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˳һ˵ϵҪ˼ô࣬ͬǣһЩΥΥ͵飬鳤϶֪飬ȿ곣ίԺ˵£ͲҪ˵ˡ
֪޿ˣⶫֻ㬵߳˳İ칫ңȥ˳Ҳһ룬ĻʵһֱûкøеģȻί鳤ҶΪɽĻĴڣʱԣȥְͬҶƽûܻᳯŻһ淢չĻȻԺпܻһֻҪί㱨ǵҲѲȥ
һ룬˳ѶȻ绰Ҷƽ˹Ļֵ˵һҶƽĿġ
Ҷƽڰ칫ĵ绰֮˳İ칫ٿίᣬҪоƼسѡ£ղԼҪƼ˭أ


357 оְͬ
˳İ칫ңҶƽ˳ͰĻְͬ½˳һᵽ⣬Ҷƽһʱû˵ȿ˳̬ȡ
һҶƽ˵˳еҶƽĻȽһ˵ĻҸȥˣǸôôƼسôǵģ
˳⣬Ҷƽ֮ǰҲڿˣȴ˵ǣƼسûпǣ֯ʲô
˳鲻Ҫ֯ίƼͿˣҵ˼ǽСƼȥ㿴ô
˳ѰС˳Ҷƽһǰһ˳԰СȽϿɣ˰죬ҲǵС䣬˵СԼĹϵ̫ˣ֪˳֮ǰý
һ˳ҪƼС䣬ҶƽһµС䲻ڲĹͽ׽ڵ٣ƼȽϺʣˣ׽ڵ鵹ǿҪܵӰ졣
˳ͷȥȻβίǣȽ׽ھٰ֮ʽΡ
С˳ĹϵԭСί쵣Ƴ˳ϵܲڰС֮䵱ȻǱʮеĹϵ˴֮ʲôҲǲ׽Ӱ˭ּˣ
⣬ΰС仹һ˼СҶƽ֮ĹϵҲƼС䣬ҶƽеԼ֧֣Ҷƽ֪󣬿϶ԴҪӦϴҶ໥֧ɾȱ֧ҶƽĻᣬΪίȴɾҪһ㡣
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˳ֻ飬һоɾ⣬о⣬ɾٵҪϣɾϡ
˳ɾٰسǽũҵչݺũƷгһֵ齲һһоһܴ֮һˣ˳ôʹɾֱӰ⽲
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˳ĻɾٲҶƽȥȻسҶƽ׽쵼Сİ칫Σӹ˵׼ҪҶƽ档
о֮󣬿ʼоȥְͬ⣬ⶫ˳ŵģ˳ûͬĻҪֺ֮Ļͨ˵绰
Ļһ˳һҲһʱʮֵΪίί鳤ߵʮֽˣ˳ȻӣѵͲԼڱ£ίǸ
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һ᳡һʱ֮Ĭ˳ҶƽҶƽΪֲ˵ǴҲ˵ٲ˵ְͬпܾⲻȥ
Ҷƽһ˵֮ҪȥְͬίҪģⲿճί飬˵һΪʲôҪȥְͬɡ
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һʱ֮䣬һЩίòҶƽҶƽ˵ǰЩӣ﷢пװѾץ˺ü¾ֵĸɲͬΪ¾ֳڴ˼ʧְ䱾ҲΥΥ͵⣬Ҫְ֮Һͷǹͬģɷ˵˵ɣ
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黹ȫƸҶƽҶƽ֪ʲôˣڳίϻǲҳеԼΣѵôͬĻ֮Ĺϵ
Ҷƽû⣬ҿдҪȥְͬȥְ֮ǾͶ顣
Ҷƽһ˵꣬ίίسͻȻ˵鴦֤ͬ㲻㰡֤ȷĻΪʲôֱ˫棬ڻҪоȥְ⣿
ͻȻĳίǳһղŶû˵ģôһ⣿
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358 ؼƼ
ȻûֱӷȥְͬɣԻӦĻ϶ίĹоȥְͬͻвȥ
Ҷƽһۣ͵ͬΥΥ͵飬Ѿл˵ľٱԼ˫¾ָɲָ֤ȻͬûгϣѾˣ϶ͬΥΥʵҾûκҪɵĵط
Ҷƽ˵ɲЦһµҶͬûгϣôͽʵ֮ǰûаӣҾ黹ɷǽһ±ȽϺá
ʮֵĵ꣬Ҷƽ֮󣬲üͷûϵְ׸Լֻܳ͵Ҷ˲鴦ģֻ˽⵽һЩҿְͬҶĵٻְָˡ
ΪίǱǽǣûа취ֻķһ˵Ļǲ̫ˣǲǵȵˣоְ飿
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ֻһûͬ⣬ְͬͨˣſʼоƼسѡ飬ϣ˼вͬسȨίίֻƼ֮ȨϺܽϾǸؼĸɲʮּҵģȻһƱƼ֮Ȩղܾʲô⣬Ǹ˭أ
˳֮ĿɨҶƽտʼ϶ᣬҶƽץס˼ĻȽСһˣĳίֻбķˣѡĿԾͻή͡
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һҶƽ˵һƼĸɲ븱ؼɾ͸еҶƽ̫ǿˣͷ̫ʢˣôʲôܣѵίس
תͷһɾ٣оɾٲˣƺͬҶƽһɾٵƨ˵˵ҪŮɲί֯飬ǼȻҪƼȻƼǿʸϵģҿȪί²ίˣɼĿãƼίǲǸһЩ
֮ĹϵһֱȽɾҲߵñȽϽڰɾٸˣͬʱҲΪԼ
ҶƽͻȻ֣ɽƺֵģСǰɲôˣѵĿ׼ˣ
˵꣬ЦһЦͦǸ˵ģоԼһǿ˲٣Ҷ̬µѡһӾԳĴڡ
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֮ʱɾȴ˵СҶƼΪسѡˣͬ⣬ˣ׽ڵĹǲǻܵӰ죿
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Ҷƽһͣɾ΢ЦһµȽϺãûˡ
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һᣬоֱӱʾ֧ҶƽΪãһ׽ڷ⣬˸оǳڹϵĿǣԵȽ棬ȫԲһ¡
Ҷƽһͣ˳ˮͬˣһɾͬҶƽɵɫǱúѿ˰죬ɾٸ˼
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ӢϴһֱΣŪؼûκģƼһίܻ᲻ͬ⣬һǿǵӢɾٵĹϵ⣬һʱһʱƵҪǰѰСȥȽ
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ҶƽС䵣θس£кܴĻأɾץ׽ڣܻ᲻˼Ҷƽ
ʵҲɾ֮ǰû̫Ƽس飬ӢΣԴ˳֮ЩӢ᲻˳֮ٽʲôϵһЩϻһЩӢƺ˫ʵӢڱȽϿɾ֮Ĺϵ˳εʱ䲻Ӣ칫ʵǵʱףӴŸ˳ģԭӢͶֵξֳȱְԺףӴ쵣Ρ
˳ʱףӴ֮ʲô϶ֻͬҪӢǲ֪׸˭׽ˣֵԭ˭س͸˭׽һЩ᲻øɡ
ɾһЩģӢû뵱س˼ûɾҪسɾٱһʱ֮û뵽ƼӢ
һ˳ĵʵͳ˶࣬а˰Сϸؼı


359 ͬй
ɾͬҶƽ˳̬ƼС䵣θؼͶ
ίһСҪḱؼʹ˿ܶ˴绰СףأǰСֻ֪ƼֲίףҲ̫˰ɣ
Ҳ֪ҶƽæףصĻ֮󣬱绰ҶƽʾлҶƽӵĵ绰Ͱ˳Ҳ֧½˳Сһ˳Ҳ֧θؼģ룬æӲϵ棬˳㱨ʾл
Լ˳ЦЦû˵ʲôȺúðҶƽѽ׽ڵãؼͿˡ
ίῪ֮˳ⶫƼС鱨ί֯ί֯նίƼо֮ύίίоۡ
ֻǣһؼɲѣĴǲ̫£һаնίƼί֯ĿûãСΪسĳί·ˡ
·Ժ˴ίٿ飬ѡͨСΪسľСһϸسȻʮֵļ˵ʵڵģίƵοƳʱû뵽һᵱϸسżĹ򣬱ٵǸسıˡ
֮н죬Ȼ˳֧֣ǸҪҶƽİֲģ絣糤ҶƽӣͲܵίǣϲίǣôͲȡôȻҪֲ֧ûгɼ֧ҲС
ȡóɼȫҶƽµĻҶƽĽ׽ڸ˷츲صı仯Ȼ˸سҪ˳ҪڲⷽĹ
ˣСȻ˸سίһְûбȥȻ͸߿һڲ繤š
ǱҲûзԭⶫֹܵĹ쵼ֹš
Ҷƽý׽ڵĳﱸɾҲʼӰӵ㽨ˣĹҲæµ
ְ֮ͬصľٱϷûְǰЩйǲҾٱһְٱϾͶٱһ࣬ͬ˫˳Ķˡ
˶ľٱϣͬ¾ֳеĩˣĻﲻæ˰Ҳûʲôãְְ˫Ļ˫档
ⶫͬİ飬˳Ļһ£ȡĻĻģ֣ϣ֣֮ԭмֽ飬˳飬֣ǱȽϹġ
֣ͨһͬڴ֮ǰͬ˫Ժ󣬲ȡ¸飬һ빨ʤĻ˵Ľ˵˳Ϊ˱ס¾ֳλӣûĻ͹ʤ˹ڵʱЩʲôġ
ЩǮȫǹ֧ǻԼǮۣάŹϵֶΪ
ͬһʱ֮Щ¶˳֣õЩڹ֮󣬱㼱æҶƽ㱨ҶƽһˣͬԭǸ˰ûȥʱŵĺܣһ˫ʲô¶˵ˣĻ͹ʤ˿ֿڹô룿
Ҷƽ΢΢һЦ֣Ц֣ҲĻ͹ʤ˵֪ͬЩ˵ĻǵһܲÿȻǵʱһ᲻ϣҲǸеѿˡ
ⶫ֣룬֪ĻģΪ˷ֹĻͬİӣ˵һЩĻû¡
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ͬļϸ׹ԼǰӣĻæǸһˣͬһ£Ժ˿϶Ϊûﲻͬæ
˵ͬæȷôףĲðΪ˱һ棬ͬļǰ˰Ʊǻȥ
ոմӦͬļⶫ͸ȥ˵绰һ˵ͬ漰²٣ѶȺܴĻһʱԥˣӲͷƤһмίǳ̸գһͬԼô࣬ôϣ
֣ⶫԺ󣬱¸ҶƽҶƽһ룬Ļٴиʲô˵ʲô鷳뷨סĻӵ·ӡ
üͷ壬Ҷƽһ֣żίԱֱ𵽹ʤĻһͬ飬һǳϲϡ
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Ȼ룬ȴ˵ǣһԭġ
̸ʵ˵Իÿ¶ԭһ֮͹Ҷ˵绰
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361 ദ
ĻԳ̸հ֣˽еԼ칫һ·ǳԲŲָ˳̸գ̸յȻҲһף㲻Ӳػһ䡣
̸ǼίǣʸϣĻһϲˣʶղһʱļ˵Щûעִˣ㼱æ˵ǣҲǳ㣬˵ĵҲ̫ˣҵø˳绰Լһ¹ɡ
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һ룬ĻæЦźͳ̸˵˼û˵ԼֻһʱͿˣûб˼ó̸ղҪ
̸ռ̬ȱãҲʲôԹȻͲƽ£ֻһ䣬֣Щûа
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Ҷƽ㶨֮ͬȻͬйѵìͷָ֯Ҳвĸɲƽ֣ȥ̸
ƽȥ֯ʱ䲻ֻϳ˲Ե̸ʵ඼˵˳˵ǹʤôġ
ԭǲ׵ģͬѾϰæˣôϣ
֯ļ֮¼Ͳ÷ǳˣԭп֮һЩ쵼ɲҵ֯ʤ¾ֳͬŮҵ⣬ʤͬЩ˵ûмԭ򣬶ӦԸ취ǵŮˡ
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һеľֻǴкеǻǮ񣬸пĲزһˡ
ԺҶƽγһݵ鱨棬ϸؽ˳Ȼÿ˴ڵΣίί˻㱨˳ֳίо⡣
Ҷƽп¼лǮ쵼ɲһְ쵼ɲ߰һЩλвɲ쵼ְЩӲ󣬲Ǯﲻ̤ʵ쵼ɲǵԭλϣҪְ
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ڹʤ˵ΣҶƽ鳣ίῪԺγɹ棬Ͻмίмί
ҶƽĴĳί˵֮󣬾͸еεŪЩ񻰣пףӰǲСҪǸͱýϿҪӰ쵽ص
ǰҪ׽ڣý֪ط飬»Ӱ쵽׽ڵľٰ졣
еĳίĵģҶƽ̬Ϊ漰ýعͽ֤׽ڵڽУڲദĻýһع⽫ʮֵıǰˣýعֶⷴعƽʱµ̬ȣصӷ֡
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һ룬˳ʾ֧ҶƽĴ飬ɾ뱣һ룬оһع⣬ý֪ĻǴĲΪһˣƻԼǰ;Ҳ֧ҶƽĴ顣
ɴʱڻǰ飬ͬѾȥˣҲûбҪ˵ʲôˣһиɾٵûʲôԵ
ίῪԺһЩ永쵼ɲȫ˴¬ֻܵ˵ھǹ֣ûбְеԼҶƽ̹ȷģܲ⣬˷֣һְһԱȣǲһ
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ʤԸеùŮⶼûи㵹ôũҵֵ˸ֳû뵽п׵İӣȴǣְǸеʮֵûӣԺ;ˣ뷨ô׬Ǯɣ
֮п½УԭпƵȻ֯¾ֹͬ죬ⶫȡʤĽѵȻǲϸտԵĹغͳ
زҲμοԣĸʱʱҲǶ˲٣˺֪Ҷƽ֮ĹϵˣȻʮֵչˣͬʱҲ֪Ҷƽϴεпиûжṩʲôزôῼί죿
ʤЩҲǺͿ˼ҶƽݶÿϣҶƽܲصزˣҶƽͲôصˡ
Щ˾ţҶƽ֮֮Щڵʲô鶼ϹۣѵΪԼӶȥǵģûе£زûϣֻҪ֪£뷨һ£Ȼỹйƽ


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һεпԣزɹѡίԣԾ˳ί죬Ҷƽ֪ҲǸˣزȷʵˮƽȻζܽԣŬĻԺǿЯһ
ոհ֮ҶƽͻȻӵϪĵ绰һϲѣóʱûϵˣ벻绰Լѵӹѧˣ
ҶƽæǲǻعˣϪȴЦŵƽҵˣ
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ҶƽԼӣϪЦҶʱҹ͵͵ܳģģûҵõң
Ҷƽ˵ײҪҲ㣬Ǽץ绰һ
ϪЦûµģҸ˵ȥͬѧȥˣǾǵͬѧǲҵģ
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ϪӹһʱûȥڼϢˣʱһ͸оȤųȥɢɢģڹʱҶƽϵĺ٣˵ҶƽѾ˻飬иееʧģصںȻҶƽ飬ٺҶƽ̫ϵˣǵ̲סԼһܵУѼദҲɢһĵ顣
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վվԱߣԶС̯С̣𵱳Ҷƽһȥ͵Ȼ˴ͽط
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Ҷƽһʱ䣬ѾʮһˣҰΪʲôЩ
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˷ϪģҶƽѳͣһߣȻ󽫷Ϫ˳ϣȻʹĴһңһûг̯Сԡ
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ϪûҵϴγԵĶֻúһСԵʳҶƽоҲȤл黳ʳԶ
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ϪһôһҲûиоǸ˿ȥС͵ײһܿġ
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һ֤ҶƽеҲ鷳ˣ˵ȱż취
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һӵҶƽĵ绰Ҷ̸˵ĲˣæҶƽҪҶƽԷ
Ҷƽ룬úһԶٷԼһص㣬ųŷϪһһҷ꣬ҶһеһҶƽרǿˣһ۾󻹸һСܡ
һҶƽ֮ҶЦ˹Ҷƽһӵӵ꣬ͿҶƽķϪһˣʵλŮǡ
Ҷƽͷ˷Ϫһۣ治Ҷ£˵öˣҶʲôɣ˵һҵһѣһ鷳£
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Ҷƽ߽ȥµ˵źã˵Ҷһ߽˷ݣϪںţоҶһˣ֪Ҷƽôʶˡ
˷֮ҶǸСԱߴţרŽȥҶƽ˵֮Ҷƽ˵վǸطʧһǮǮνһЩ֤°Ƚ鷳֪ǵЩأа취һ㿴ܲܰæ
һҶƽ˵飬ҶǺǵЦƽ㻹ҶˣȻһУʶһЩеֵܣվһƬǵĵ̣Ҵ绰һʣǰǮ͹ƽǸǮǧҪְԺûˣ
ҶƽһҶȻзԭֻ˵ڿϵҲŷֹģҶ͵Ļֻڴɱɱͱ̣ʶһЩķӣнĻͿ԰æǮҪ
ҶİɣȻ㣬û㱨ֻҪ֤Ǯʲôģ͸ǻɣҶƽˬʵشӦ
ϪԱ߿ҶƽҶ˵͸оЩ棬͵˾ȻԲͨҪ˵˲ţҶƽҲ˶н飬ȻַͨʽæǮһ
ҶӦҶƽ֮󣬱ߵһ߸绰ҶŻǱȽģվĵŻﶼ֪ţǸºĵͷһ㽻飬һ绰£ֻҪǮ֤ͻͿˣǮҪˣذæ
ҶҪæֻǰ֤ͻǮҪˣһ룬æ԰ܵʲôʧһҶһ顣
Ժ̴绰¼ֵܣ˭վ˱˵Ǯ绰ȥ͵Ǯ˸ҵˡ
Сǲ鱨ģΪջСϪǮвٵǮ׼ȥģû뵽ֱӸ˵绰һһʵ˵ˡ
֪Ǯ̰ǮùǮʲôȫǮȻ˰֤͵Ҷ˵ķ긽ҶǸСܾͰ֤ø˷Ϫ
ЧʮֵĿ죬Ҷƽе㲻Լ۾ҪùµĻҪʱ䣬һҵˡ
ʲôŰС͵ǵˣһɵС͵ľͲðˣҲ˵С͵ҲǷ̵ֵģɵС͵˼ҵĵҪǸ֪ˣ϶Ҫܵͷ
ҶƽҶʾлϪǾĽҶΪҶƽ֮ҲǺԺ׬һǮеˡ
֤õ֮ҶƽҶǣҶҪȥɣϴʲôģҶƽ˵ҪȥίͲȥˡ
һ˼ҶƽҪίȥҶĽĲˣͲҶƽЩˡ
ŷϪ뿪ϪʧãȻǮûûǵǮνһ·ϾͲͣغҶƽ˵£оһʮȤ¡
ҶƽȴǾµķ˵еΰûãֻǳϪæѲų²ߣ뵽ҶǮһڰײźá
ҪȥίԺҶƽŷϪίԺ֮󣬱ڳϵţԼһȥ·㱨
ºҶ˶ǳæһ£йؽ׽ڵֻ·㱨һ£Ҳ⣬·İ칫֮׽ڵ׼˻㱨
㱨֮ҶƽŷϪȥ˶أϪ컹˭棿ҶƽЦŵҴɩӰɣ
ϪһҪȥҶƽţвһµƽ磬ɩӼҲҵɣ
ҶƽЦҪ
ϪЦЦѵɩһǳȵˣ
ҶƽһЦİɣģ֮ѣһֱ㵱ҵãôأ
ϪͻȻʧһ£ȴ˵ͻȻһɩܲ𣿡
Ǻǣϵ¸ãɩӦ˲ǡҶƽЦص
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һ꣬߿߽ҶƽͷϪһķ䣬һҶƽһŮһ𣬱鲻һΪߴ˷䡣
ҶƽһЦŶԷϪɩˡ
ϪվһɩӺá
ƽǡ߿ʵ
ҶƽǷϪӾģүүְǺѣרŴӾǹǡ
һϪİְҶƽүүн飬߿ԷһЩģæ߹ȥסϪЦúãÿ
Ϫһ¾ˣ߿ҲҶƽ˼ˣһԷ
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ڽ׽ڵ׼ȽϷæͰСϵʮĬ˲ٵĹڼҶƽԺְЩҶƽĽ׽ڵĹȻܴĹԣҲ̸


364 䶫
̸ŻϪԵöˣҶƽӼ̸֮ŹǲǶǹ񰡣ԼǴҶƽĹ
Ҷƽ͸߿һᣬо˷Ϫżæתͷ˵ŻϪȴǼģԼԱžͿˡ
ҪϪתһתһҶƽԸ߿˵
һҶƽҪŷϪһ棬߿˵һҪСأسǣҪתһתɣ
ҶƽΪ߿ͷϪĹϵŷϪתڿ߿ԸŷϪˡ
룬ûа취Ҷƽֻú͸߿ԼŷϪתһתȻѷϪͻȥ
˷Ҷƽû÷Ϫȥסݣ÷ϪԼһ˼߿סһ𣬶Լ˯ɳϡ
ԭΪ߿ϻͷϪʲôģ˭ֻ֪Ǽ򵥵˵˵߿ϴϢˣҪϻز磬ǰ˯һᣬ
ҶƽֻòˣϪ͸߿һȷǸеЩŤû͸߿˵ʲôͷоһЩִˣûϵֻᷢϣҶƽһ棬ǲ߿Ҷƽܶ˵ʲôأ
ڶ죬ҶƽŷϪתһתֲɽˮйŴһŴүķĹҲΪڵģԭӦǽжŶԣǷĹƺֻлʵһң˲ܽģֻܳƺ֡
ҶƽŷϪ͵һʱػûпҵֿ羰˺٣ľޱȣľ΢˸еʮֵˬ
ϪЦû뵽طֹżˣȾǵĹż羰
ҶƽǾûûչһûǮǿˣ˭أ
ϪⷢҵˣϲŸĴУǾ÷չˣϰˣҿ϶Ҳһϲεģطķ羰ôãһǴҾȥ
ҶƽЦǺðɣҴһΡ
ϪͱıظҶƽȥֵСŴѡַǽˮģɽˮҰͨģ֮ɽˮɽƣԵøȻڣˮ
ҶƽͷϪϹתһЩȻҰ˹ӣϪ͸˵ǰȥժҶƽȴǲȥժЩҰԼ֪ʲôһĹӳʲôô죿
ϪЦţժ֮󲢲ԣֻаŪ棬ǰŵʱͻȻһ쬵ѷϪһΪʲôС֮˹
ǵķһȥɫԼԼͿԶˣһһŮһһľڸǵĵط˾һǴϴģȻûо£Ҳ֪ڸʲô
ϺصúͼǰߣҶƽŤͷһҲһĻﲻһ㶣û뵽صĵطȻ͵͵ĻᣬĻҲĻˣôҰսˣ̫˰ɣѵǮû
һӸãŪͷϪ˶ΣԼνǷϪһŮӣ۲쵽飬ô룿˵ΪԼ⽫طһĻء
Ҷƽ׷ȥϪﻹ̲סͷһۣһͷͿҶƽ׷
ϪȵҡҶƽһ·Ϫʲô뷨Ѳɻˡ
ϪֻͣסŲҶƽһУŮ쵽ԱˣҲŵ˼æӣ
ŵˣϪҲٶˣվͷҶƽҶƽߵǰתòˣǻȥɡ
ϪɫЩ΢ţҶƽһۣԺȻŸղǶŮһ飬Ҷƽо߹Ц˵طľ˹ϢһǴˡ
ϪѵֻϢϢ𣿴طҲʵ̫˰ɣ
ҶƽǺһЦҲͷһǺˣǻȥɡ
ϪĴֳһȻתͷҶƽڸһɣˡ
ҶƽǺðɣǰпʯͷ߹ȥϢһٻȥ
˱˹ȥһʯͷǰϪһֽ˲ȻͺҶƽʯͷϡ
ڸղŷ£Ҷƽǲ֪ú˵ʲôоʱͦεģйŮģ֪˻ΪҲĻŮ֪Ͳطˡ
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ҶƽŶһһȥǵʱҼһ棬ûϵ
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ҶƽǺһЦܿǲæڹãЩˣȻӦĴתһתǿԺúõһġ
ϪǲһŮǿ˰æڹĹ͹æģһæһܼϼ氡
Ҷƽڻûȥ⣬࣬ҸæģûʱȥЩ飬˵ûа취Ҷй棬ֻô绰ˡ
˵Ҷƽһ룬æƺ绰Ҳٴˣ߿ڹŬСѾθسˣֻҪжίһְ߿Žλӡ
߿˵£ҶƽҲ˵һȻͻ˵ԼӦԼҵڹٳϷչһ
ҶƽĻϪǸоҶƽЩԼæڹȴչ⵽Ǻûǲأ
ҴӹҲڴȥڵǲ֪ѡʲôãƽ磬Ҳıһ£ҪʲôأϪһҶƽʵ
ҶƽЦӦԼ飬ԼӦɣ
ϪͷѡһǵԺĳоĹ;ͬʱܸһЩоһǺƽѩһ缯ţһǽϵͳչڵǲ֪ѡһˡ
һôѡ񣬱ԼֻһѡǺ̫࣬ѡԽ࣬Խǲ֪ѡҶƽһ£оƽѩѾȥˣΪʲôҪȥ磿;һŮ˵ҲǱȽ࣬ȥȥϵͳչ˵ܳмأ
ҶƽЦЦӹģصȻǴǰ;ְҵ˼ҷҵĽҵʮֵķҿ㵽ϵͳͲǿ֧ǵطõķչ
һҶƽҪȥйϪһЦƽ磬ȥʣ


365 ´
Ҷƽȥнһڼң
ϪЦҾȥйɣʱҪʱ򣬾ܺ˵һУ
ҶƽǺǵЦϪ߹סĸ첲ҶƽҲòֻϪסĸ첲Цߣǻȥɣ
Ҷƽֻø߳˶֣Ȼתһתĵطű˼һԷФСǼسǹ˶еһ
ҶƽһŮһԷҶƽ֮ĹϵҶƽ͸ǣǾǵһѣͻȥ
ФдͲţŴҵҲ˵ҶƽֻţҶƽǴ󵨣Ȼڸ߿ڵʱŮĴй䣬߿֪˿϶Ĳ
˷ϵʱҶƽ÷Ϫס˱߿ϲɲ÷Ϫ˴ڼø߿֪Ҫʡ
ϪܵػҪҶƽļסҶƽȴ˱ݣΪ˲һ˼į£רŴ绰Сٻ
ҶƽؼϢȻϾŵӵʱ򣬸߿绰ˣסģҶƽ˵ڼȻʷϪסģҶƽ͸ڱŷġ
˵ڶ죬ҶƽϪͻȥ죬ƽ֪ҴܵĻ϶ǵˣԲˣһ˻ȥԼЩģȥȻúƽƽԶ棬һ½׽ڵ顣
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ҪˣҶƽȻܲӦ˳ȥˣɾǲҲҪȥһ£ɾس֪Լ˳һȥˣȴȥ϶ܲˣȥˣԹҲһٽ
Ҷƽ˳һᣬ˳һ룬òɾٲʣԱӦҶƽҪһȥ
һҪһȥǣɾ˵òˣؾ׼ȻҶƽϵʮָ˵ӣҶƽҲǸеЦҿ˳ȥӦʮֵĲˡ
ʰ׵ҶƽŷϪȻɾٺ˳һһǰǣɾټϪ֮󣬱Ҷƽ˭ҶƽûϪƽŮ˵Լһѣɾٺܻɣ˳Ҳ֣ǲҶƽ
ϪȻ˴򽻵һ·ֻҶƽĳҶƽ˵Ż˾֮󣬼һסھǻû´ס֮ɾپͶ˳һЩжھ˰´Ǻβξٰ׽ڵĻھһ´
˳һɾ˵һ£оһ⣬ھ´һǿ԰ھĶּʿΪصķչԴǽصĹԱǺһŵĵطǰ칫£ǻԸ𹫹ظί쵼Ϊشֹṩ㡣
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Ҷƽ˵Ľ̸һ£о´öھһŵ㣬ͲһδܵƽԶƽ磬ð´ؾٰ׽ڵ¡
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һģҶƽ˵ǣسǿְôҸоͦʵģ
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˼򵥵£ҶƽǣȻŴŷϪͻؼҡ
ϪһǱ绰֪֪һҶƽˣ˵ؿųӷϪȻҪҶƽԷ
ҶƽʢȴֻôӦ󣬷ϪҲûȥƵ¸ΪǷϪ֪Ҷƽ֮żء
Ȼ֪ҪԷҶƽ͸˳˸绰˵ȥѣ˳Ȼ
˳ͨ绰֮ҶƽָҶδһ绰ϵ϶ãҶ֪Ҳųǰ֪Ĵ󷹵ȥ
֪նָĽһ绰ĽһҶƽˣ㼱æתͷԱߵƽѩһϢҶƽˡ
ƽѩһҶƽˣһ漴ص¡
Ľ϶ͣҲһȥɣ
ƽѩûңҸҪȥ
Ľص϶ƽѩߣǲҲҪȥ


366 Ҷ̸
һĽ˵ô֪ǰ£
ĽҶƽڲߣ
֪һҶƽڰôˣ
Ӹ绰Ľִ
֪ѵ绰øҶƽҶƽմ绰û֪ղ˵ʲôһӹ绰һ֪֪͸Ľ
һĽҶƽæĽҶƽ󣬱˵ƽѩߣҪ˵˵
ƽѩû뵽ҪҶƽ˵ԴϴҶƽֱһֱôãҶƽ˾ǣʵＤأֲԸֳ
һĽҪӵ绰ǰڰ˼ǲӣĽƺȫı˶Ҷƽ̬ȣӲǰѵ绰ƽѩϡ
ƽѩûа취ֻý˵绰Ҷƽ֪Ҫƽѩͨ绰ҲǳһСţæߵһ߽ȥˡ
ƽѩͷһι֣ҶƽæѩãҸյǣûü绰أ
һҶƽ˵ƽѩЦ˵Ǹʲôģ
ҶƽҺίسģټһְһ棬θˣҪһԷɡ
Ҷƽ룬˵ͲˣƽѩֻôӦһ˾Ͱѵ绰ˡ
ϵ֮󣬼˱һǰۻĵص㣬ϪҶƽƽѩϵ˼ǲû˵ʲô
֮ҶѾˣһҶƽȻǹһЦ׽һᣬĽƽѩˡ
Ľ֪ҶƽҶҵĹϵ֮󣬶Ҷƽǰ;˷ḻ󣬲ԭΪҶƽŬҲ̫ߵļ𣬱ҶƽǺƳ磬ټҶҵҶƽǰ;Զֹԭжϵˡ
ˣƽѩҶƽĽӴԣһϣֻҶƽѾ飬Щеͷֻۣܿķչˡ
Ҷƽ֣Ľ΢Цź˵ŻҶƽֿһҩҵڷչĲĽڹȥʱ١
ĽЦЦʹӦˣתƽѩҶƽܿҲ֣ƽѩȻΪʱҲ¶ЦҶƽ֣ϴμ֮ӦҪʼµ˵ѣϵô֡
Ҷκ֪кŴҵ˷İ䣬֮ҶκκͱȻʮֵĻԾƽѩͷϪǺܰĽҶƽ˵Ļ
ҶƽĽ˵ŻϪҲƽѩ˵ƽѩ֪ȥһ˶֣Ϫĵذ⻰
ƽѩ֮ﲻһоСѾͷҲ̫ˣһ˵ôԶĵطȥһȥҶƽҶƽһҶƽš
ϪȴǰѼ߿ƽѩƽѩȻԴ˺ܸȤⷽϪ룬Ѹ߿ڵ糤ܷæ齲˳ȻҶƽ߿˸鿴ȥ˶쵼ɲæҪʱһǲǲð
һҶƽ߿״̬ƽѩɵؿһҶƽûпҶƽʲô֮ҶƽϲæģԼҵϲŮǿ֮
ҶƽȻ֪룬߿æڹԭʱ򲢲ԣʱһڹæҪӵµǵˣ˵Ǻûǻԭ߿ίʱһϾܼ棬޼ĸ黹Ҫһ໥ٯٯĺá
Ҿڲŷ֪ڸ˷زҶŴӾתҵصطϺ֪һӪ⣬ҶȴǲԸ⣬֪ڴѴѵ׬ǮЩģһһ𣬱̸ⷽ飬ȼ̵Ļ
극֮Ҷκ֪ҪҶƽȥһᣬҶƽȴˣٸһȥسܲ˵ֵطˣʲô־ĥƽѩĽҲԸȥ֪û÷Ϫȥ¾ˡ
Ҷƽֱӻص˳ɾס޵ĵطڶ죬ƽԶƽϵ֪ҶƽͼĸĸƽԶƽ˾ͳʱ˼ǡ
ԺҶƽʹѽ׽ڵĳﱸǻ㱨һ£֮ͷЦűʾһķԸ˳ɾ˼æʾҵ
˵£ҶƽھǾٰʷ飬ʱ붫ּھʿԼһЩͶʵ˲μӣǵͶҵ
ƽԶƽ˵ͷʹӦˣʱ£ֻǾٰ췢ķûҪҪ˳ɾٵȻӦš
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Ҷƽ˳ֻٴھＸ죬ʱ䣬ҶƽȥһҶүү˾ǣҶ˽үүȥģһȥһүүҶȽϺá
Ҷƽ˺ô²ҶסĵطŸڵʾ߽֮ҶסǸ
һҶƽˣҶһʱеܸˣҶ֪Ҷƽˣϲ˵Ҳ˳æкҶƽ
ҶƽǰһүүҶһЦҶƽԱߣҶȻˣھǣǶǱȽϹģ˴ӵ˽һЩ⣬Ҳϣ԰һЩ
ҶƽΪĹԱȻҶƽһЩһ¡Ҷƽһ֪Щ⣬û˵˳
ҶƽĻ֮ҶͷƽĹŰ취Ѿ÷չȥ÷չȥˣϰղкӹϰкӹܸõӵǣǾٰ׽ڣũҵĲƷչũ룬ӺܺãǴµʱ򿿵ľũڹĻũֻũˣǵĹҲǿҲǼŷչãͬ־ϲؽǷչùķǰйȺڹιȴǽˣûȺڹιǷչõķͲýһҪչãһҲҪΪϰս⣬Ⱥ֮ĹϵȻ÷չˣȴɢˣǲãΪһԱһҪעϵ⣬ԱΣʲôأҪͷĸش𰡣
ҶһκҶƽ̸ⷽ⣬Ҷƽһʱܴǰû̫ⷽ⣬һ룬һֱôģٲΪؼǶõġ


367 ӵĸ
ҶƽҶһ·ĥҶĽ̻壬һҿǷǳ̣ҪμĽ̻壬ץþùͬʱҲҪøȺڹֻȺӵչܸá
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һ˼ӵĴô˳ɾٶǼĲˣſҲʺãҶƽվԱ߸ţһ˳ɾ˷ֱίسƽʱȻ̫ƽԶԸģȻƽԶܣ֪ƽԶһʲôˣƽʱͽᶼͽ᲻أΪƽԶ£ܲǫѷһЩ
ܵҶƽʱ˳ҶƽһҶƽЦЦͬУ
ҶƽҲЦЦЦ֮ȥ˳ɾ˵ˣȻίǺسҪһЩҶƽλǵˣȻĹԱôġ
ҶƽҲûмƽЩ飬ֻҪܰãԼҪúõظм
˰죬ξǿӣѷľػɫм仹ԼĹȥľ˳㻹ἰԼǿӵʮҶƽ˳ɾֻ˵岻졣
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һᣬ˳ԤҪǮ˵һ֣Ҷƽ˳ɵۣٿᣬѵҪԪ
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ɸоɽЩƻǰϵ㡣
ɾıɽһ棬ʱͨѾ֪С͵ץϢڷǳţڴ֮ǰѾͨί֯붫ص飬Ӧְ
Ȼ֮ǰԼ칫ʧԵ飬һشɽһ٣û̫ĵˣһС͵ץ񣬿Բ˵ŵ붫Աܱܷͷ
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뷨Ŵ绰ɽæǴʱɽѾ˳㱨ˣٰʲôæһͻкܶ鷳õ顣
ǷɽҲ֪»ᷢչһʱҪţ˵ʹҪ鴦ҲҪȶɡ
һ룬ɽڽɵĵ绰֮󣬱ѵ绰˳


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˳һӵĵ绰ʱȥмί칫ҵ·ϣ㱨̰֮סɣУȻ棬ʱ绰ϵ
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мί֮󣬷ĺ棬˳첽̸յİ칫ң˳ǣ̸һæ˽Ҳ˽ȥ
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̸طţһɰ칫ʧԽֽΰƷʱİ˳ǣǷʵ
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̸շǳӴ£˳ҲͷģֻҪίǸµ֣ɱȻӡ
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Լһ˿ųУ֮绰ɽûʱ䣬ɽʱѾõ˳⣬ȻͲĲˡ
һ룬ɽԼûпʼ㱨飬Լʮӵʱ棬йָһ档
ɵ֪˹ȥ֮󣬾ͽ˱ҷɽɽԺ󣬾ʲô顣
룬ͳһпɽ˵Ϸмһ¡
ɽæеĿŵһȥʵسҪʲôҷʲô¾ֱ˵ɣܰæܷԸ
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˵Լס죬˵칫ҵԶѣɱֲ̫ˣʹԼæҲƭԼɣҪʵԼɣ
سҰﲻæӲҾģгаˣǷųôܣɣʱһ÷Ժһ㣬ɲԣɽί˵Ȼ˵˳Ļ˵ȥô졣
һɽԸæ룬ԼƭɽûеõɽӦ֪Ƿɽ治æ
룬ɹѷɽһߣĵ˵ֳ¾ͰˣֻҪԸæǮС
ɽ̧ͷһ˵سݾôҪ
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ɽ˵ʵˣ΢΢һЦسҲ֪û˵˴칫ʲôǲ˰
һɽ˵֪˴칫ʲôɵһʱԥˣֻ֪ץסˣǾ幩ûȴǲ֪һɽô˵һʱûеˡ
ǺǣɸЦ˵֣⻰û˵֮æҲġ
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ְˣǺǣǲ̫ðɣҿҲΪ˹һ¾Ϳ˵شɽ÷ɽְˣɸееС⣬벻ɽôʹ죬ⲻְǴҪˣʱشɽ˵˺û
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мίˣɽʵѾϵˣʱɽߵһߣһ֣Ͳ
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Щﲻϵţ޲ץסǸСһնȻҵԺ͵ҲûзǡһʱŲôǮֽŵԼİ칫ȥڵãײȻС͵ˡ
ʱ̸ڰ칫Ⱥ̸һ̸ϣͺðˣϣǾĹԱúõһپǷ顣


376 ǩֵѧ
̸յİ칫ңһĳ̸̸նһۣ칫ʧԵǲʲôҪ
ɴʱڻ룬ڳ̸ǰʾԼİ칫ûʲôҪĶ֪Ϊʲô
̸ؿʲôΰͱǲҪҪҪҪҪЩ㶪𣿡
ɫƣ̸տ˵׷ʵô˵ԼʲôԼ𣿡
ҼǵҰ칫ûЩɼֲ£֪һ϶ЩͲʰˡ
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̸մһ绰ӵļίԱ˽̸ջ˻֣ί˾ǰɴ˳ȥ
Ҫ˫𣿡
߰ɣʲôί˲ͷһѽקȥ
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绰˳ºҶ˵ʾصмίλί쵼ʾ̸նû˵ٿмίίᣬоɲȡ˫ʩղ̸ֻڼȻҶ˵ʾǾûʲôԥģ鴦ˡ
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һԼ汻˫ˣɳױˣղڳ̸յʻ֮£ѹͺܴ󣬲ӲӲ£һ˫棬˵ί˴ѾŹϾһ±ˡ
Ժ׶ˣίѶʣɴʱòϰ칫ǶʧЩǼί˲ֻЩ飬ҪЩԴ
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쵼ǩһܴѧʣΪǩ쵼˼ÿһ仰̺ŷḻ˼ǩֵķʽʽҲǴѧʵġ
е쵼ϲǩе쵼ϲǩǩҪ˼Ҫһţǩ˼Ҫһ쵽ףѧʵġ
̸ǼίǣίǣûбҪȥоǩֵѧʣǽȴоˣһʱʧдˣǹдģҪôľĿʲô
ű˼һ仰˵ˣˣûˣǩ֣ҪκαҲǿԵģе쵼Ͳñţֱǩˡ
ȴһľţ㼱æǰǩֵʾһȴǷֻҪٵ»ǲŵġ
һ̸ջµʾе£пΪֹȻֹ˼һţҪΪֹҪٸİϱʤҧô죿⻹ҪǣίǶ룬һԵģ˼ȫһ֣ǵˡ
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֪ǲ˼̸սžȥ˫湨ʤˣʤԴӱְ֮󣬻ȥλϰˣΪ˫ίũҵֵľֳ绰֪ͨλٿϸɲ飬ѧϰʡίйļ
֪Ժ󣬹ʤҡڵˣɽоû˸Ҷôȵλʱмί˾Ͷס
һƣʤһæҪʲôмί˰˫֤һϵ顣
һ˫֤Ѿˣʤһؾüί˫ˣ˭ڸ
ʤŲԸżί뿪мί˲ŲԸԸȥǰŤŪˡ
мίңʤʶԼҪ군ˣ˫ˣ֯ĸֲǼίĸǣܾȵ˵ڶΨֲء
мί˾⣬ʤ뿪˵Ҹʡί֯͹һϵȵĺòҶ岿͹һز
û뵽һھͰЩ˵ˣʾмί˵ʤ㽻Լ⣬û㽻˭͹񣡡
ʤЦŵֻǵø͹񣬲ǵ˭͹ˣ
翹мίŭ㲻ҪŽΪʲô˫㣬㲻ǸеͻȻ˵Ѿ֪ĵϸڸԼ˵㿴Ű죡
мίԱĻʤһʱĬ֪㲻ȥҪüίй˼ɣȫӡ
һʤûнκ⣬翹ͬʱҲſһûΪ˵̳˷ֱ֪˹ʤί˵¡


377 μί
ǣʤһ蹷ʲôʱ͹زڼίǰܻҵӱ˵Ŀе֪飬ܵǰ
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ﰵЦҸ̸˵һذѰӰá
ĻһЩʤһ㶫ֵزȻҲί˵̸ȴǹ˸ų֪ˡ
̸֮ŷ磬޷˻˰֪ʤĹϵͬѧϵڹʤ֪ôȴزС¶˳֪£ǽһ£Ҳ£Ҳùʤģ⡣
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˼죬ʤסһʱҲڲͰ˵˵Żһ¼ίˣ̫Щںˣί˹ųȥ磬˿϶ҪΪ˵ˡ
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ڣͳ̸ͻȻҶƽ̸Ҷƽ֪ʲô£ڳسһְûȥıȡְλдĻȥҶˡ
ǰУҶƽ飬йϵ岻̸ǳ̸ҲҪ̸ȴеЩ֣ԼӦûʲôɣ
֮Ҷƽķ䣬̸һ𣬽ȥ֮Цſ˽
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Ҷƽû뵽μίǣһʱȻصҪȥְ𣿡
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Ҷƽ˿̸գڵ鹨ʤɵĹУ̸վ˽뷨μίǲϸ񣬶Ҷƽڶز˲ǼίǵļίǣںβŵĻὫȻҶƽ
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̸յȻ֪ҪҶƽ˵һ˵ԲŴ绰֪ͨҶƽ̸˽̬ȡ
ڵμίһְҶƽûϵ׼ҽ׽ҪͿʼˣתμίǺ
ҶƽʵǵԼ뷨̸˵ƽͬ־׽ڵ鲢Ӱ쵽㵣μίǣԾȥý׽ڵ񣬼ίһְҲԵΡ
Ҷƽ룬оΪп׵飬ó̸ע⵽ˣμίǣ˵μίǵһ뷨ڷĲΪܿߣǴӸ;չ˵ίһְһһְλڵҪǰ;ҪǼίְλ
һ룬ҶƽʾҪǿǣ·ͻȻû׼̸֮󣬲û˵ʲôͱʾȥԺ󾡿쿼ǣȻ𸴡ȻҲ˼
뿪ίԺԺҶƽҶϵƵס㱨һҶʱæʯĿ飬Ƶʱ쵼ҲϯʽһܴһʱûʱȥҶƽ飬ҶƽҲûиʲô鷳ҽ׽ڵ黹ץ˲ٵ㡣
ҶƽԺҶЦҶƽ£úõһģҶƽ״Ȼ
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Ҷ˼Ҷƽȥӳسسץãμίˣ;չ˵϶ǲ絣γس
ҶγسҶƽҲڿ⣬ֻҵҲûеְλ˵;չĽǶ˵سһЩǴҸԸڼίְλпһҿһЩɲΥΥ͵ϸԲ鴦ֻңܹⷽٽһЩҾֵã
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Ҷһ룬оԭЩ̫ҶƽҴˣûʶҶƽ磬ȻԼβֵ֧μίְֻҪԼ֧ʹٶ࣬кη
ƽ룬Ҿ֧ȥμίһְùѾòȥһЩְλҲһ£˵̸֧㵣μίǣҲ֧ĹȻʹ𸴳̸գְ񡣡ҶҶƽ˵
ҶͬԼȥμίǣҶƽȻһǿҵθУָоڵ֪ʱûеģҶ֧뷨Ҫһϸļίǡ
Ҷڶ죬Ҷƽʹ绰̸գ˵ԼͨˣԸ̸һͬⵣμίǣȻǺܸˣҶƽõģͷҶƽͬⵣְӾͲÿˡ
ͷ֪һίĵںҶƽ̸껰֮Ҳ˳̸˻˳ίǣȻҪԱȻҪһ
ʵ˳е뷨ҲҶƽγسǱ߹ȴҪҶƽμίǣسһְѡˣˡ
˳ҲܱʲôԵȻίˣǳ̸רŵĽʲôҪ˵ˣһзίŰɡ
˳̸껰֮㽫ҶƽζؼίǵĽίίʽȻȴίῪоͨ¡


378 ἴ
ǳļڣҶƽζίԼһʱ䣬ӶʮμӹѾְַ࣬һҪı仯תΪؼίǡ
ί֯˹ڶί쵼ɲľΥΥ£ȥسһְԭسֱΪس
ֱȽϳ裬ȻɾٹϵϺãԭʱ˳ĹϵҲɳ£ݲˣλӾӢ֣Ӣµĸسҽ˳ίС
һְɷΣְ֪ҪΪԼĹûиɺãó̸սˣȨĺ˵ǼίǲԶˣͬһ仰ί˵˭ҲӣȻûôͨˡ
ǿ˼ҶƽҲǸɵ÷ˮĵλƺȼίߣһ룬־ȥҶƽİ൹ҲҪٰ׽ڵʱȥͿԲһ½׽ˣ˵Ҳһ°
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ҶƽյίһʱҲʲô飬Ϊ׽ϿĻڼҪⷽ棬ίĹһʱ޷ʱȥȻʽˣǴڼίʱǳ٣׽ԽԽǱȽæѲ
ίǣֱԸաǿƼˣ칫ӿԸ൱ڳǣʸȽϣڵʱ򣬼ί඼˵㣬ˣԸձȨڼίȨѬ죬ҲһǣֻҪиɲ䵽ϣҲѲƤ
ǿⵥλίĸǣģˣڼίǲ־ѻô湤ί˲¡
ƼһŮͬ־ԭμͼһҵΣǷ˺ģ˳мɫί˴ԣͷӦһȣھʲôûпֻǲ²⡣
Ҷƽ֮󣬾Ǽ棬ӿ칫ҲǷģڷߣҶƽ˼ίǣ±ȽСģҲȽڿ죬Ҷƽʰ˰칫ңŵ׵ġ
ҶƽͼίĸɲԺûʲô̬Ͷ׽ڵĳﱸȥˣھǵķϾҪУȥһˣ¸׵ˡ
ھǾе̷ᣬҶƽ˳һί˻㱨Ȼ˵ǶذģҲҪʣٽչºҶ˶Žһе֪ȣһϯηᡣ
ȻλҪ쵼Ҫϯᣬ͸·˳Ҷƽһǰǣ׼
˾֮פ´ԱӭӣǽӵҶƽĵ绰֮ȻҲǸ˹Ȼ֮ǰ׼פ´ҲҪæˡ
ڹҪģ·ûספ´סַǺ˳Ҷƽһ˶פ´ţ㱨о⡣
֮󣬹ǿزǸӵĸοϵûþǴûȣһɫ֮ˣҲŪ飬һļϣطǳ죬ز¸ҶƽˣҶƽ֪뵱֪ΰһ˹δػϲںˣټҦºҲǻ᳤ǵÿĻˡ
ֻҦºͰͣ˽ûӰ쵽˲ֹз·ǳҪǲͣҲҪԹΪأĿǰûгʲô
·ȡٵ˵Ĺ㱨ָίҪ쵼Ҫ׼Ҫϸ֮ϸԲܳκβȷԲɹ
·ĻټȻǸ߶ӣίŴ£˵µҪˣפ´ҲҪչӭ쵼׼
ڶ죬·棬еһίˣȻǽ˳ɾҪӵĶ࣬·̸̸ʾ׼УһеſĻˡ
֮·ȥݻƽԶƽˣ˼·Ժ󣬵ȻǷǳӭƽԶ·ʮϤɵġ
˵ҶҪһзᣬƽԶƽ룬ʱһϯǷϯ󲻶ģֻǶؾеķᣬȻеϵǶྩе쵼ϯʣҶ˶Ȼû˸ߣҶ˹ϵ죬ϯͲã˾Ҳϯᣬ൱ڸˡ
·ھǴ˼죬鿴׼оûʲôˣ绰֪ºҶˣ´ָʾʲôʱٿ
ºҶ̽飬صĽ׽ڸĹҲѾɣҪٿ׼ԭȾзᣬٰ׽ڣʱԾзˡ
֮󣬾һ֮;зᣬӵ˵·ټٵҪ׼ֻһڵʱˣȫԸѹá
ڹȽϽţ·Ҷƽ˾Ͳȥˣֱӵȴھǹ棬ɾٵ֪ҲǴӶظ˾ǣҲҪϯ˴ηġ
׼ܿҶǰǣҾóίһ˾˴ηᣬȻƽԶƽ˼棬ƽũҵ־Զϵ
־ԶڽũҵϵԺ󣬾ǰμӷᣬηǽ׽̷ᣬũҵйأμȻǺʡ
־ԶǲԱʡίʡ֪ʡ绳ʡҲϵһͬ룬绳ƽҹϵУ˾ȻȥƽԶ
´Ƶ˾Ǻ󣬿Ҷææȥֻǵȴŷˣôְߵ쵼ίǵԲˡ
Ҷƽô쵼ȻҲǼĶƺͶص̹϶˳У׽ڵҲҪˡ
ʱȽϽȣҶƽٵ˼ҹ˳ɾҲˣȻ쵼ҶǰǾһȵģֻõǰĹҪ顣ӸΣҲæµغݣܶ鶼߻ġ


379 ٿ
ææȥҶƽѳϯԱʱһɵˣԭΪֻǶؾٰķᣬȴǿ˺ܶಿ쵼ף⵽Ǹһ
һв쵼룬˿иҶƽ໥ϣӰӵ׼š
ΪƣҶƽ֮ǰϵ橺Ľǳϯᣬ붫ǩصͶЭ飬ʵ֮ǰǩͶЭ顣
ҪʡչҲͶʣҶƽʱҲˣĽƵͶʣ׼ͶʣҶƽ£ҲͶٷŵسȥ
Ҫٿᣬ橴ʡϵǣϵҶƽ˼֮ǻϲȻ˳ɾ˼档
һںܿȥʽУܲ߻ʮֵĽţȻ˵е飬ܲ߻ˣúòãҲһΣܰȫƸҶƽǡ
ºҶȺ̨´ǣ˳ɾ˶ûл̨ˣһǩЭ飬˵ϳ
ڴƵеģ쵼ϯ֮⣬̽һЩʿһھĶּʿһͨƽԶϵˣĽĺҩҵһӰĴ£ҲһЩҵʿǰμӡ
μӵжٶˣԶԶԭԤƣҶƽٵȻǵǲ̨ģȫĻӢۣЩ쵼Ҷƽߵǰ̨ڴ쵼һĹٴҲ޷Խǡ
־ԶͲ绳һƵ꣬ǺƽԶƽȻǹҾóί˾
绳־Զʡ쵼ȻһҲСƽԶƽˣǼڣֻǰˡ
־ԶͲ绳˱߱С˵Ż˹ֻ¶һ棬һ½ȻˣƽԶƽǻҲֻ¶档
ǿŮ֣Ů˳òƯҺʣ˵ݣ̨Ůܱġ
ŮᣬȻ̨ʾлȻҶ̨кͶصĻչʾкͶڵĳɾͣӭǰͶҵ
ºҶ̨ҪǽкͶصѵطصԽܣž־Զ̨´ǣ־ԶΪũҵҪũҵⷢһݽкͶھũҵҵũٹԹũķܽʾͣͬʱϣ
־Զ֮󣬲绳̨־ԶƽԶƽ˱ʾлǰʡʡȻҪʾлһȻСؽ׽ڷʽʼ
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֮ºҶƿˣŮ˾Ϳʼӭ̽ʿ̨һ橣ΪǱˣ˶Ը⵽ǱͶҵȻ˵ע⣬ⶼȰźõġ
橵Ľ嶼Ҷƽݵģֻ̨Ժ󣬷ǳòҾһȻ̨´ǣ˵ͶҵĸܣҶƽݵûԼ飬ڽȴרᵽʾлҶƽ棬һʱûзӦЦ֣ҶƽֻվҲ֡
橽껰֮ĽҲ̨´ǣپĳϣĽϾᣬ˵еţ̨֮ҲǽúܺãûרᵽҶƽǵ˲磬͵ڰҶƽ˳
ҶԱ߿ǷݽҲǸеҶƽεķϵúܴ鼸Ҷƽ߻׼ģǱѿʼΪԼˣҶƽֻĬĬڽ䣬̨ϱݣĸɲеܷףǸøɲ
橺Ľ˽껰֮ɧ˾վʼ⣬ҪҶ𣬲˵оЩסڶص鿹ס˳ɾ̨𣬵û׼˳˵ĿڲŲãɾֵû׼³һ˾ͰҶƽȥЭҶ
ҶƽҲû׼Ϊֲ˵ȴʱȥٲȥĻǾͻӰ쵽ľС
Ҷƽƽʱ۶࣬Ϊ׼˽һʱ䣬ʲôأ̨֮󣬾ͽסҶĻͷ٩٩̸һôһĹԱȻ䣬Ƕصίس
ڽнʱ򣬲ûнҶƽְ񣬷̨нˣһشıȽϾ壬ʱشһվ͸
Ҷıַǳ⣬ҶƽسίǵģҲܵ
ֽƣ˾ǰҶҶƽ̸ȥͶҵ飬רŵ̶鸺̸ˣǱǰٽһνܣͶĻͿԵǩͶЭ顣
˳ɾҲǰ̸ţϣܵؽͶʡһ磬ĽǩͶЭ飬໥ϵʽٽһЭ̡
Ժ󣬴ҶڴƵԷд˳ԷʱȻ֪ͨ־Զǡ
Ҷƽ˳ɾȻһͬ˳ɾ˷ǳˣʡһԷ¿ˣûηûᡣ
ԷʱҶ־Զ绳˳ˣܵҶƽʱ־Զ͵˵ͷѾҶƽüˣ绳Ҷƽ֮ЦЦƽҼҶƽһΣǵڶˡ
֮󣬴ҾͿʼžƣ־ԶͲ绳˵ĹٱȽϴ˳ɾٵ˾ЩнŮȴǾһӴ쵼ĺûᣬھϷǳԾҴҺžơ
Ҷƽ˵нͻԾȻһԷǳԷˣһһžƣ־ԶʱҶ־ԶҶƽڴ˴ηϵı֣ԼĹ
־ԶЦҶ֮ǰһֱҶƽæ£ᣬȴǺƴ
绳ҶΪҶƽ˵ûеԾҶϾҶĶӣô˿һСɲأѵΪƽңҶƽƽг֣ʲôԵʣƽѩ֮ʲôϵΪʲôƽԶȥ޶ԣ


380 ׼
绳ŻɣǽҶƽƣ˿ҶƽЦһηڵɲܸɰ
ҶƽæƲҵȰѱеľƺȥҶҶƽǳƳ磬˳֪֮һŹϵģɾеǳ֣Ȼ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ǿԿ϶˵ҶƽίҪ쵼ĵλҪˡ
Ժ󣬴ұ㿪ʼɢȥ´ӰʱҲרҶƽļСҶúøɡ
Ц֮⣬Ҷƽæ˵ллˡ
֮󣬽׽ڽžҪУҶƽص֮ͣ׼׽ڵ᳡ڲ磬ֻ᳡ڶسǣǱҶƽ𣬶سǵķֻ᳡ɾٸ
ɾ֪λҪԣҲǺƴҶƽֱֳסڲ׼
ҶƽΪίģĸɲԴ̬˲ͬίƼͼȨ˲ʵί˫Ȩɲġ
߿ĳﱸǷǳˣ˿סһ𣬲ȥسˡ
СҲ֪ҪԣֻҪλ꣬Ҫ뿪ȥְȥˣίһְ˭ڲ˵˵Ӧɸ߿Σ˭֪أһֹæˣҶƽͬ
Ҷƽڲ׼ţ֪ˣȴԴӸ߿ְԺ˶ǺСģΪ߿֪ԭҶƽĹϵڸ߿һ糤Ȼ˵ûжԸ̬϶ȴǺ䵭˵Ҷƽ֮䲢ûзʲô¡
׽ڵʽٰ죬ҪеʯĿʽͬʱУҶƽ׼Ժ󣬾͵ʯĿʽʼ
ʯĿʽ绳Ҫμӣ׽ڵʽٰ죬־ԶƽԶƽһ־ԶμʽҲǰʡӲũҵȻزμӽ׽ڵĻ
Ӻܿ쵽Զʡũҵҵʡίǳʡ绳ͬӼ˫ũҵ˽ֹܸʡũҵͬС
ڵһ־Զʡ绳һͬУһǵũҵҵһ绳һͬμʯĿʽʯ͹˾һҲǰμӴ˴ʽ
ڽ׽ٿڼ·Ҳ½פһʱ֮䣬ǱƼºҶæòֺҶƽ˳ɾٵǸæòɿί·гףӴгǰؽйеĿֱ˶סдҲǷǳæµ
ʯĿʽùģҲǺܴĿҶһǳҪûҶĿ䵽У֪֮ģĿĳɼҲԼǵͷϣϾίǣÿһһݹ͡
ƽԶƽٿ׽ڵǰһִУ˲ûвμʯĿʽֱӲμӽ׽ڻ
֮ºҶȻǰ׵סڶ׼ǰμӽ׽ڡ
ʯĿʽ־ԶͲ绳˺ƽԶƽһͬǰ磬ʱĸɲһҹδŽӴ׼һССĲҪӴô߹쵼ĸɲ۽ˣôлʡͲ
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Ҷƽר׼һݳˣǰڵĹҶƽѾɣھʱݳˣҲ˲磬æµ顣
С͸߿Ҳǰ׼˵ʱĻߣܳڵ̨ľͷ֮ϵģǵҲǷǳ󣬿߿ʮֵƴҶƽе߿Լȴûиеκε֮ͣæµš
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ھЦһӦˣȻҶİ칫ţ칫һҶƽϵˣæ˲赹ˮģҶеòģȻûʲô٣Լȴǵ˴٣Ҳǵ˰
ţ߿ȴǴ˽׼ȥʲô£һӿҶǰ֣ô
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381 ƽѩǰ
־ԶͲ绳ȴԱ½磬־ԶͲ绳˵ȻǵһطƽԶΪԭίڴ֮ǰȴûҲǵһΣֻƽȴع˵ӵĵط
֮󣬽׽ھʽʼĻʽֱҶ֣»ӭǣ˳ίǰ˱ʾл
ҶȥڣĻʽУº˳껰֮󣬱ũҵ־Զ־Զ˴ǰеľũҵҵ׽ڵľٰ칤ʵҲһũҵҵܰũҵƷƣܲ˵ãȫҲûжٵطʹڶܴũҵƷƶũҵķչũźܴİڽи߶ȿ϶ν׽ڵľٰ죬Ļһ꣬Ĺڲҵ
־Զ껰ƽԶ̨´ǣϾԭǣȻҪһƽԶֻýɣдһЩĬĹڶ˵Ц
ƽԶһ꣬ƽ̨ƽԭطһʼͻعԼ߲ӵ飬е仯ôԼ뿪һֱϲĴףڴڴţʼĺˣеǳˣֵء
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ЩǾǲιչݣȺǿʼۿݳǲιũҵƷ̸׵顣
ҶƽֳΪ־Զ˽Ž׽ڷչ̣ԼչũҵƷĳԣĽ⣬־ԶͷȻũҵķչռGDPϵͣڵشҶƽ۹⣬ʵ˸е
չݲι֮־Զǰ׳һ׼˵Ժ󣬰С־Զ˽ܡ
ЩԺ־Զǰسǲμӷֻ᳡Ļƽûǰȥȥһ½壬һ´ϰǡ
ɰС͸߿ˣǴƽǰ壬ƽȾҶҶڲڼҶոմӾǻҶʱڿݳء
߿֪Ҷϲ֣һʱ϶ǿݳģڰҶһؽȥ
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ĽͶʺҩҵȻְС͸߿ȴ֪ģԱǰ֣໥ʶһ£ʶ֮Ľ˽ܵλƽѩ


382 ƽѩ
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߿һۣԺﲻϸֳƽѩӰӣҶƽĵĻͻȻ˵ǲҪ뼸ȥ׷˼Ұ
Ҷƽסļ֣ʲôأߣһسǰɣ
߿ȴǰŲ˵첻ؼң黹ûæ꣬æ˵ɣ
߿ƢҶƽһʱûа취ֻ˵Ǻðɣɨһβһسһ£˳ǻڵҡ
һҶƽҪ˳Ǽ棬߿ͻȻʵһ׼ôţ
ҶƽһʱûзӦʵʲôôţ
߿һۣ˵Сæ֮Ҫسǣ
Ҷƽһ뵽СѾǸس׽Ѿϣ絳ίҲӦжˣ߿ᵽ⣬Ȼʣ˭Ӳίǵ¡
Ҷƽһµ㻹̫̫ˡ
߿ĬȻһ˵żֵ
Ҷƽҡҡͷ˵ѵ㲻Ҵһ𣿡
߿Ŀһ˵Ҳ˼쵼ɲҲ쵼ɲҲµµΪһ
˸߿ĻҶƽ֪˵ʲôˣЩû˵ڣһ˵ڣ߿ܻӲˣ˱ϾŶ˼ˣ˵Ϣӵ飬߿֪ôֻίͬԼҪ
»ûоԸɣҲġҶƽ˼
Ҷƽ˼߿¶΢Ц˵ȻȥһҲؼҡ
Ҷƽһ˻صسǣ߿Щˣѵܰһ˸ı䣿ΪһŮͬ־ԼɷҪԱûбҪôƴ뵱ʲôعͥǺܺ
ڸ߿ƺϲ糤ίְ񣬿һеĸоŮ˺˵ͬջ
һֱȥʱʲôʱǸԼҪҪ赲һ£һ;Ĵۣ
Ҷƽһ·ųسʻȥߵ·ʱͻȻǰ˳ͨسǵĵ·ǱȽϵխƽʱҲڻ³
ڶ˳ҶƽҲûа취ֻͣų½ͨйȥǰͻȻһɼĺ֮ģæ³ϳǰȥ


383 ·鷳
۵һҶƽǰţͻȻһ죬Ϊǰʲô¹ˣܵǰȥһ
һܵǰſһһа͵Ĺǰ粣ˣȻмΧŹһӡ
˿żаͳǵ·϶³ģҶƽһ컯֮£˾ȻȻףʵǵ졣
Χ۵ȺûһǰܻȰ˵ģҲ֪û˱Ҷƽȴһ绰Ȼ첽ǰȥס֡
ҶƽΪһ쵼ɲڵ·ϹȻף龭ʲôӣҲǹ˭ǹȻǲԵģֹĻȻҲû֪ﾭǴȥⲻһε쵼ɲ硣
һͻȻ˸ҳֹףΪ׵һ˹ͷȥʮ׺ݣҶƽ²˿϶ϵС졣
ֻһ˫۾Ҷƽݺݵ˵ûʲô£ҹ
ҶƽʮֵĲվصѾˣѵ˸𣿡
Ҷƽ£Ǽ˱±ŹǸ˹ҪҶƽҶƽȵʲô
Ϊ׵ĹͷָҶƽЦĶ£ǸҺúýѵһ¡
˾ͳҶƽˣΧ۵һҶƽ߹æŵôҶƽ߿ˣֵǿýһԼҪͼæ㿪ˣҶƽһʱ֮һˣұ˰æҲҲ
˵ΪۿžҪҶƽһᾫ׳ӴԱ˹ȥҶƽ߰ͷǳǿ׳һ͵Ҷƽǰǻ˵ԩͷծλֵֻ򱧸ƽզģ
ǻ˸һȻЩ׺ݣһǰλĸߴ󣬶ֿӣɵظеЩΪ׵Ĺͷ̧ͷ˿ͣͣߴ˵ģֳһµģ
ߴָŭİͷŸɾ㣬û£ӹܶˣ
ߴӻŰӣ˿ûа˷˸Ķ֣Ҷƽվ󣬵Ǹое˼ˣΪû˺һֹ˵Ϊȴôһλǿ׳ӳһֹˣ˼ˡ
һߴӺӣһʱ֮˵ĵϸǾʹˣǿûʲôӵ顣
ƾʲôܣϽҹŲŵΪ׹ͷӶݺݵ˵
ߴһУ˵ʲô¡
ˣߴֻһҲ򲻹ˣҶƽǸûзϣصǶߴˡ
ϡΪһк˱
ߴʮǿ׳˹ļûȭž˸ʺΪ׹ͷһۣһߴһ˼һߴȻҴ⣬ͣ
Ҷƽһ˫ȭѵ֣ߴȻǿ׳⼸ذҲҪԿٲ֣ߴӿ϶ҪŲסˡ
һ룬һҪذ״ߴӵʱҶƽûԼһֻ˰ѽһеذڵϣȻ˶ҶƽϰһкܳʱˣһУǹҲѾʡ
ȻԼ˺УΪ׹ͷûиʲôߴ˺ǸΪʲôҽУ֪϶˰æˣѸٳֽһƽ˸ڵء
һΪӸеˣʱԶͻȻ˾ˣΪӱ˲ߴӾѸҪŵµ뿪ǸߴһΪӾͶݺݵָߴӵҼǵˣ
˵֮󣬱㼱æ뿪ҪȻ˻еС鷳һҪˣҶƽһ¸ߴӵ˵߰ɣҪٴˡ
Ҷƽþ֪Լӵ飬ûеȵ뿪ߴ֮Ҳ𲻱Ҫ鷳뿪ʱ
ߴתҶƽ뵽ղΪʲôᵹ£ȥҶƽģû뵽ֻǲֲڳֹЩ׵ˡ
ߴҶƽĻæȺ˳ȥ߳ʱصҪ룬аͳϱӣһŮƱԱȴ߹סǣղŵòᣬҳæΪѾˣǾͲˣȴˡ
ߴӳԺ󣬾ҪȥҶƽмֹ򣬶ҺУ֪Ǹʲôһ˲ţ˲䵽ϣʱһ϶ǳưһ˵Σᡣ
һ룬Ҷƽ㿴λֵܣҪȥ
ߴӵҪؼңҼҾסڸ
Ҷƽղ˵ãֵĸ߾ͣ
ߴӵҸմӲӸԱûʲôղڸй䣬ΪҲųæ
һոմӲӸԱ˵ǴӲϻˣߣлڵľ˶ҪŹģũ帴ԱȴǲŹֻܸһ㰲ҷѣؼҾˡλߴ˵Ǹˣǿ϶ũĻڣʲô
ҶƽһҪûµĻ㵽سȥԷô
ߴû뵽ҶƽôҶƽðװ׾ģȴе֣˵һǸúܽύһµǺ¡
ôȥسǰߴص
ҶƽЦҵĳȥҵĳǱߡ
ߴû뵽ҶƽгǮģҶƽųķȥ
ߵӸǰߴӿҶƽɫСγ޵⳵ǲϰ壿
ҶƽЦ㿴ҵϰ𣿡
ߴӿ˿ҶƽоЦʲôģ
Ҷƽûлش˳ڣֵ߰ɣϳ
ߴӳһ¾Сγڣ˽γҶƽʵֵգ
ߴӵձб
ҶƽЦĺã֤Ȥ
ǺһЦ֪հ
ҶƽЦҶҶƽ
˽ٳҶƽʹԼգҲ֪ҶƽݣҶƽ˵֮ûиеʲôףЦЦ˵ղǸһŽߵİɣ
ҶƽЦղſˣ
Ķ̫ˣҸûпҹƾߵģ㣬ûбˡ
ҶƽЦҲҪ㣬ǻ˾ͻˣллҡ


384 ܹ
Ҷƽͱ˵ЦоһʮȤˣȻ֪ǸʲôģҲһһˣԼոմӲӸԱʶѣ˵Լķչа
һ룬ıḻ˵Ҫɣ
ҶƽЦδأˣ
ҽʮˣء
ҶƽЦҶʮˣأ
û뵽Ҷƽ󣬿ȥӦСӣЦҶƽ˿Цϳɡ
ҶƽسǣȻһҷԷҶƽһʲôˣԷʱ
ҶƽЦЦ㸴ԱҪʲô𣿡
ڻûãһСȢһţҺھˡ
ҶƽĻЦЩص㲻𣿡
ҶƽڰЦû˼ֻǸо㳤ֵģȥʲôСо㲻ˣԸֱ̲ʡ
ҶƽĻо˵еԼһʱûпǵЩ飬ҶƽһӾ͸ˣ˲򵥰
СָʲôģȻҲЩСһȡᣬҾ̤̤ʵʵȥıȽϺáҶƽ˵ﻰ
û뵽˳֣ȥ׵ģĵصʮֵҶƽв˰֮⣬һʲôس𣿡
ҳ֮⣬ڲӻҲûʲôسˣˣҵس
Ĭһ䣬ҶƽЦ˵мʻ֤𣿡
ڲӵļգڵطӦʹɣ
ҶƽȥʣҲῪĻҸһĹԸⲻԸɣ
һҶƽԸҹоһϲǺܿ뵽ҶƽֻƽôҹأѵΪԼ֣⣿
Ҷ磬ôͼæҹأԥһ£Ҷƽһµ
ҶƽЦûйϵȻ֮ǰʶǽǾʶӲӸԱʾ͸ߣƽ£ڴ򱧲ƽҪ㣬ҿܾҪǼ˵ΧŹˣæӦġ
Ҷƽһۣ֪ҶƽֲҽҲҶƽֽ˵ذ׸Լпˡ
뵽æ˵Ҷ磬Ҫ㣬ҲܱǴ򵹣˵Ҫлл㡣
ҶƽǺһЦͲҪ˵ˣԸ⵱һ˾Ļҿ԰æ
ĶˣʵҶ磬׼ҵȥ
ҶƽȥίԺС࣬ԸⲻԸ⣿
ȥίԺһίԺҪ𣿡
ҶƽӣЦֻҪԸȥͿȥֻС˾ʲߣЩίˣǴӳԶأҲһõķչƽ̨ԼˣֺˣרŸ쵼һ˾ͬˡ
û뵽ҶƽίԺȥҪ֪ΪһũˣίԺﶼ֪ӡֻһ·ίԺǾǵȥʱ˼±˴ίԺǸʱһ򣬾͸оίԺأʥ
벻ҶƽܽȥίԺⲻڿɣ
Ҷ磬ǡܽҵίԺ𣿡Щŵص
Ҷƽŵӣûô⣬˵˵ӣȥί칫һλհΣ㺰ξͿԣ˵ҽ㵽С൱˾ģ㰲źõģ㿴вУ
ҶƽĻ͸оԼһʱ֮Ʈһĺ䵽Լͷϣǰ˵ʲôݣȻֻҪһкܽŵίԺСࣿ
Ҷ磬˰ɣ²˵
ҶƽЦ֪ģȥίԺͿԣڻ£ͲˣûǮûǮĻҸ㣬ȥҾͲˡ
æ˵ǮǮһУæģлҵĿ͡
ҶƽЦҵֻɣʲô⣬ֱӴ绰ҡ
ؼոհһֻţæҶƽĵ绰ȻҶƽͺǣǰίԺȥ˳ȥˡ
Ҷƽȥ˳˳Ц׽ھٰķǳɹ쵼ǳ⣬ƾһͿڹͲ˯ˡ
ƽ׽ھٰˣĹҲǸһ䣬Щǳ࣬ԸȥɢɢģһµĻ׼ڵļ٣ȥһ档˳Ƿǳ˵ضҶƽ˵Ҷƽ˴ιޣø˼һ㱨
ҶƽǺһЦҶ࣬ȥݼȥˣȴûϢǻҰ۹ͣôҶһӡ
˳۾һ˵ƽ۹Ϳ԰㿴۹ͣίίҸоûʲôˣҪĻҲίˡ
ҶƽڰЦȻҪʲô۹ָͣˣвһЩɲΪ¸٣ǱǿԵġ
˳Цû⣬ίרо£Ǽһͨνõã㿴ô
һ˳ôʹ죬ҶƽҲЩ˸˰죬νһµĻԺ˭ƨɺɰжܴͣö飬Ȼҵòô˭Ըⲻͣظ
Ҷƽ˵˳ͻȻС飬˵ƽСæˣûϰˣһְʲô뷨ûУ
Ҷƽһ˵һ뵽߿Ǵʱȴ˵ʲôĲø߿ǰɣ֪ԼԵĻǸԼҪˣͬβǰɣǸæˣһìܣ˳ʲô
ǣûпǹСҪθسһְ϶Ҫŵģﵱ糤ҾͲʲôˡҶƽЦһ˵
˳Цʲôģǲǲ˼ǰûйϵ㲻ᣬΣǳŬһ㲻ڰС䣬ڰСһߣǺʣأͲҪʲôˣί˵ɡ
û뵽˳˵Ϊָ֧߿ǵģǲ˼˵⵹ˣýͣԽԽԵý飬вԸԼŵõεģ
ҶƽֻܿЦˣټ⣬ת˳˵ǣ׽Ȼٰˣǲܾʹ˽ˣҪ̽׽ڵĳɹУѺһЩá


385 ȥίԺ
һҶƽᵽ飬˳˵ķǳã׽ڵľֻٰһʼһũƷۻʶҪһù֤׽ڵȶȲȫطչõ鲻ܲϵƶȫؾõķչ
ƽҲҪٿίоһ£ӦǽģǼίǣһֱʱĹҲһƽ£չõĹǽɾǱ߰ɣúһļͼ칤ͬʱҲϢһ£ôæµˣ˳һµ
Ҷƽæ˳ʾлЩʵһֱͲӦǵΪҪĹȥô󣬶ˣֻԼڽ׽ھٰ꣬µ飬ĲˣΪίǣȥüͼĹչõ黹ǻع鱾λɾĺá
˳˵ҲΪҶƽҲǲУǱ߾ͻ᲻ˣȻɾҲǳȥ쵼ӽ費ãбҪָ̬˾ְѹá
ڶ糿˵㡣
ųسǣίԺſڣͷ濴˿ߴȻηֶίԺſڱע⡣
ʲôģһƷĴүǰ
æ˵ңҰΡ
һͰ͵ģүҲý㣬ĸĸΡ
һϴүѧԼͣﲻҪǿķϣҪƽһʱֻظһҾҰΡ
үһۣʵϵʽ𣿡
ûС
ү˵㲻ܽȥúͰϵòܽȥ
ֳίԺ濴һۣƺȥҸ˶˹ţүֳҿǲʲôȻ濴ʲôǲС͵ȵģ
㿴ʲôץ뿪ûаεϵʽʲôΣүˡ
˱үһۣȻȥףǱүίԺתı˵СţСǹһ¡
ıк˹һãôౣҪǶ֣˴ˣûҳɣҪ˳Թ˾òʧ˼ҶƽĺذίԺҹԼҪһʱʧְ˴ˣԲ˼ҵһƬİ
ûȱˣߣүûȥ£صԼĴȥϻ۾ֽȥˡ
뿪ίԺſڣ룬ҶƽʲôΣǸûиϵʽûϵʽͲȥȥȻûȥҰΣҲʶΣǰδ߳Ҳʶڸô죿ѵתȥ͵Ҷƽû˵
վίԺԶ⣬һˣԸȥάĸˣһ̣ߵǰǸͷһ̣ͻԼȥˣЩ޷ǾͼС˺ôȻЦӭˡ
֮ǰûκ׼û뵽ίԺŻȥȥʲộ˼ұͷ˵ỳȥʲôɸ˵Ŀģһ̸ˡ
ͷһᣬоеȻһе޴롣
һ룬׼ؼ£ʲôԺ˾ˣؼСȥ̤һȴ;ϣǹ˼ҶƽһƬģ
תһ̵̾ȥһ̣߳ȻֳίԺſȥ
һ˻ү۾̶ûԼԳһָüᱣ˹
⸱ƣе̵ǲ֪͸˼ұүˣֲȥˣȸ˼ҵϼ֧̣Ȼ̣ȴ˸ܲ⣬ᱣһǳôˣ
͸ͷģ⼸ᱣֱӵסȥ·Ҫ⼸Լı̣Ĩӣתһ˵ҪҰΣǵҽȥ
һҪҰΣᱣЦһ˵εϵʽûУʲôģʲôͼ
ˣҪұɰɣ˵ҼݣûϵʽҪ
һݣᱣɫһºתίԺҲͰһհһ˵ҪҰΣǾ֪˭ˣղŲǹĸΡ
ղ˵ıתһȴʵʲôݣ
һʣȴ룬ܵʲôΣʮ꣬ȻԼݣǾ˵һģһ룬ֱ˵Ҿ˾ˣҸոԱؼңе¡
һľ˾ˣᱣǶݣǰҲʮ꣬ǰ˿ȥҲǶʮ꣬ôôһľ˾ˣĻǼٵģ
˵˾ˣʲô֤ʵ
ϵʲô֤ǴСҳġ
ôһ˵𼸸Цˣ󣬱ȴ˵ǿģֱǺ˵˵С˵ѣƭǵġ
βڣȥɡЦ֮󣬸ղ˵ıһ࣬Ա˵
֪ΪʲôЦղ̬ȿȥˣЦת˲֮ȴֲˡ
ھҪֵ
ˣβڣô£ֲͷˡ
о⼸ǹԣֱˣʲô˲ģһŹڲˣʲôƨ˾ˡ
һ룬תȥǼ֮໥˵ŻֲЦ
˵ЦӣߵĺܣЩǹۿ˵ͣް취Լʲô쵼ɲǲˡ
׼ؼȥһᣬȴȻԸʲôƨ˾ˣҲӦ˼Ҷƽ˵һȻôˣԲ˼ҶƽһƬġ
뵽ֻŸҶƽ绰ҶƽȻʱʲô¿Դ绰û뵽ҶƽίԺϰ࣬ǴҶƽʲôã
ڲ˾ˣҪҶƽ˵һҶƽºô£˾˼ҵĺ⡣
һ룬ŸҶƽһ绰Ҷƽʱؼί濪ᣬʽμίǣרٿһ»飬оһЩ飬ͻȻӵĵ绰һ룬ʱ뿪һ»ңߵԱ߽


386 
ҶƽߵԱһӣ֪ѾίԺˣһ˵ԸˣǸе֣Ϊʲôһ²˵ȥίԺ¡
һίԺҶƽһ£˳ȥҪˣҪʼգѾˡ
Ҷƽôһ˵͸оЩܶƵѣһʲôҲɣ˼Ҷƽֻ꣬ȴõö࣬
һ룬תֳίԺȥ˹ȿŵıүԸᱣԶ߹ˣô£ǲƻ
ֳԼ·ӲҲǸ£»ҪԲͨת¶Цͳ̣˵ǳ̡֧
ͻȻó¶Ц̬ǺһЩСػغüˣǲʲôǣ뱣֤ίشԺİȫСǲʲôı
ûȥӱе̣һ˵ǵһˡ
һԼȥңΪ̬ȱˣûжȥ˱үڵĴҡ
үһûߣɫô£ôˣ
һıߵǰһ£ү˱һۣ˵㵽ίԺǸʲôģʵһ
û뵽ͷȻҪļ˵ƾʲôҪҵ
һڿҪܣıʱΧʲôܣŲھͰ
е⼸ˣרԸǵǻˣ׼֮ʱͻȻһô£
ͷתһǰҴ۾ˣæ߳⣬ЦŶ԰ҵΣи˵ƻֹҪҪɳȥ
üͷһ˵ôƻˣӸˣ㿴ûУ
ͷһҪʲôˣûкϵ
ҵûУûУղŻſš
ҽӵҶƽĵ绰˵һſڽȥһ£ȻίԺС๤
һӵҶƽĵ绰Ȼǲҵæ˳û뵽ҪӵˣҲû뵽뱣ʲôִԱʱͷûпҶƽӵˡ
һ˵ͷһ룬ղűҪҰѵСʶҡ
ͷһ룬߽߽һָ˵Σ⴫һСӣղ˵Ҫ㣬ûϵʽһľ˾ˣ˵ǿģǾûСػغüΣǻʲôΪˣʶʶ
ͷһ˵Ѹ߽ңĿ˱ϣһղҪң
Ҳһ۵˭
һ˵֪ղ˵ѣ˼ңȴ֪˼˭϶ðġ
ΣȻðģɳɡͷ˵
ȴûнĻʵ˭ҵģ
һҶƽˣһаεˣǲҽȥղ˵˳ңǲҵģ
쵼˵˳һŴͣСӲðǰҵݣһȻֱ쵼֣ȥ쵼ϵʮƵģСӵҲ̫˰ɣ
ΣûУܻ𳵣ƻģǰŤɳɣͷָű԰ҵ
ȴһ֣˵ɡ
ͷһʱˣæʵΣǡ
ҶˡҿҲ˵һȥ
ͷһʱ֮ɵˣҶˣѵСʶҶƽ
ᱣҲǱĿ̫࣬˸е˼ˣСʶңȴðǰҵû뵽˵ҶƽģҾȻ˵Ҷƽ˵ģΪʲôСӲ͸ǣҪҶƽ
ڰҵĺ棬о˼ղͷΣû뵽ҶƽҵİλôᣬղŻð¾Щܴˣ˼ôôԼô
Σղ˵˭ҵģСĵһ䡣
ͣסţͷЦſһµҶʲôϵ
ҶƽˣһҪ˰ŹǰҲûҶƽ֮ĹϵҲ£ڿ˵˻һ
еץӣ˵ҲʶʲôҶǣղ˵ʲôҶҵģЩƣԲ
һ˵ҾͻǲʲôᣬȻô᲻֪ҶƽǼίǣҶƽġ
ҶǾصļίǣ־ͽҶƽҲģѵ㲻֪ҿ򱣰˵
֪ҶƽؼίǣȻ֪ٵж󣬵ҲǲСǰβĻԼ
ҺҶҶ·żʶģҽ㣬˵ҪҹҲŹģ֮ǰûǡһ߾һҽ͵
ȻżôˣҲֻҶƽɵó·żڶ͸˼ҰŹˣԼ涼˵޷ŵ顣
ЦҶԵɣҸ㰲š
һ⻰ͻȻеޱȵĽţ֪һǣȥһ쵼ļӶûУһôᣬ˭֪Ǹ쵼أ
ڵίԺ˾£ҲûһܳɹղŲֱӷˣû뵽ĻίԺλΣδӦţûдˡ
Σ̫ллˡұʾһл
ҺǺһЦղŲ˵ҪҾ˾𣿻лʲôлղŵô°
һ뵽£˺ף˼صҶûϵʽһߣҽȺϵĹϵ˰죬һΣʮң˵ҵľ˾ˣǻҽȥˣ֪ôᡣ
ҲЦҲе˼Ȼðһ˾˳ҿ̫ˣҪ϶ˣ
ҶͬѧһᣬˣǼҲְڣҲҪǣȹһϰ࣬ϤˡЦŶԱ˵һ䡣


387 ž
ڰҵĺ棬ίԺİ칫¥ͷһɵĴţһ˰ҵİ칫ңµһᣬȻһˮ
æվסҵˮҿһ۵Сһᣬҳȥһ¡
ΣҪҳȥɡ
ЦãǵģһҾ͹
˱һ£ȥҰ칫κ棬ίСҪˣþͷͬ⣬ҶƽȻŸ²ǹֹܣǹһ칫ҸηֹܣֱҺ棬ɺֹܸδкһЩ
ķ䣬ҿһ̸濴󣬱˴æ˵˼仰Ȼ˾ˡ
Ժ󣬰ұǰѽܱСӹ˵һ£̧ͷһۣһ£Сڲȱ˾ٽˣое㲻ãǰˣҪǲӦĨӣе
ӦĲʹ죬ΣҶǱ߻Ҵк¡
רŰҶƽ˳Ķһ⻰˽ȥԭΪֻǰ˽ڿҶƽּ⣬ҶƽҲ˵ڷͷʢڵְλԼ˳֮ĹϵС˵һС£Сӵ˾ʱҪһҪһνΪµҶƽ
뵽ǺһЦҶǲкҲһֱȥҽΰɣ
ǷֹСӵİ칫ҸΣ˺ĻҾͺú˵ˣͺ˵һ仰ұ뿪˺ķ䣬صԼİ칫ҡ
ڰԺ󣬸Ǹδһ绰˵ҽһһ¡
˵ίҲһȽΪֹܵǺڹڹˮͦȨҲС˶ðͽ֮ԲԸֱҪҺ棬ΪֵԣܰɣҲŲԸΪȥֱҺ棬úֱ
ȻţŹâԺĳί˿ҵģں˵绰֮󣬱æ¸Ӧˡ
һαЦݵӣ˽ұ˵ˣαЦû⣬Ѿкˣϰˡ
һ˵Ա߾ǺܸˣҲʾΣллˣСմӲӸԱǿⰲˡ
δ˱һЦСӲ߸ߴģҿҲû⡣
ٺٵЦŤͷһЦ˾汣ڣǰ;
һ˵꣬һЦȻվȥסҲһЩӦˡ
ڰ֮αڱĶ棬𱣰ıȻ˵ǺкģҴģǱ֮䵽ʲôϵȴǲһģе˾ί쵼йϵҲпλ쵼йϵ
ί쵼Ĺϵ˺⣬̫ϣ쵼ĹϵҪкˣһСĵ쵼ǰһƲƲ죬˵仰ò¾пܶλҪע⡣
һԼһкĹϵ⣬вһ֮ǰѾˣҪͱ˵Ҷƽ֮Ĺϵ⣬ίԺ˶ӣ֪Ҷƽ֮йϵȻ˻ʱһ˵ۣҶƽһЩӰ죬Ҳһкô
һⷽ飬ͰհҸ˵߽ԼǰҵԶܣӸոոԱûҵŰҸҹ͵ˡ
һǰҵԶܣξô£ǰȥҵĺ棬Űܵˡ
һ룬û˵ʲô˱һۣСӵĶӳ˹ѱȥһ£ʱȱ˾м죬ίԺҪһ³ȻٰĹ
СӵĶӳ˱һ۱ӦСӵĶӳҲϵ˾ԹɫʲôģɫȻν飬ȻҪ죬űˡ
СӵĶӳȥ˾İ칫ңˣģ˲̣һξЩüͷ
һһͬ£￴űСӵĶӳǽһ£Щֻ΢ͷûǰʲôġ
֮СӵĶӳ㽫쵽Աߵһ¥ϣ¥һᣬסһӡ
֮󣬱ʽΪС˾һԱˣõԷСӵĶӳָһŷԵίʳȥԷ극ˣͻصϢ
ʱ򣬱ſʼҶƽ飬оһ㣬һʼίԺŶȥȵǸ֮󣬱¶˳ˣҵ˹һסίԺ棬ȻСγ
˵ⶼҶƽİæȴǲ֪Ҷƽʲôǣ֪ԺͷЩ㷲ģ֪칫ҲίԺԼԺܲл
ҪҪ绰ʾһлóֻ˿ԭ϶óֻʹ˹ȥ֪Ҷƽ쵼֮ЩҴˣ´ŵ˼ң˼˵һǲ̫ʧòˣ
ȥһʱ¶˾ģ˼ҰҲΪæԼǲҲҪ˼ұʾһ˼
һ룬͸оͷЩ󣬸ղſǸλСӵĶӳԼЩӳ̵˾͸оЩһҪһܲӦ
Ȼÿᾭȴǲ㣬ҲڸЩаҪָӵ˼ʹϵЩͷۣһԲȥˡ
óֻ͸Ҷƽ˹ȥھͲʲô쵼͵ǸһּΪͨˣһˣ֪ôˡ
Ҷƽʱڰ칫һĵ绰һͨͺҶ磬ҶƽЦЦ°ŵôˣӦӦ
ͰѰŹȻʾл˵ԷлҶƽͱʾˣúøɹɣʲô˵һ˾Ҳǲ׵ģúϧĻᡣ
⻰˵ñǳжҶƽƼˮ꣬˼ôô̵Ҫ˼һһ쵼ˣһҪúù˼ʧ˼ҵһƬġ


388 ί
Ҷƽͱ绰Ȼҡҡͷ㲻ȥˣίһ̯ӵ£Ȼ˳ȥϢôϢ
ػһѰвɲϻ̰۳Ĺ𰸼һɴİӣΪƱŲ˳ľ޶ڲƱٳвϽŲõĹϣһǱˣһǱӣӱ㷢ˣؼίؼԺһ룬ץ˼Ƴ֮вɲ
ҪɼίԸ죬ԸճһźηﵣμίԺЩƲ𣬲ڷ£ûиʹʲôӣ˵ల¡
Ҷƽڵ˼ίԺǾͲˣżίһĴ㣬ʱҲûʲô
ԸһʱҲ͸ҶƽĵףҶƽ֪ģеҶƽһǿĶ֣ԭڼίĻȨܴ󣬵ҶƽˣôȥӦ
ԸڴҶƽҶƽҲڴǣǿڲ־ˣʲôвƼһŮͬ־Ϊǵʱ䲻ĿǰҲǲӰ쵽ڼίĹֻԸʱ䳤ʸϣԸǿƣڶغ绽꣬һӰԭҲûίǿƼˣŻ£򣬶ȴǱֵ롣
˲СҶƽΪԼ£רų˶࣬Թֱ٣ԸǺһˣԼȻܶʲôɼίĹҪԸǿƵɣѰϣΪίǲȥ鰸ӣ»Ҫĸɽ
ӿ칫˿ȥȻǷģǶԴԼСĽģҲûбҪˣһЩвĸɲ˵ȻҲûϵĵǼпװбֲˣһлһ¡
뵽ҶƽԸ˹ϴȥ֣һϰ참ˣβûвμӻѰİһǣǵøǱֵĻᣬڰԸսй˸ȥ
һ룬Ҷƽһ绰Ըս˹ԸչһҶƽİ칫ңԸտȥĺ⣬ڴҲ˵ĺܣֲЩ̰ĺ
ӵҶƽĵ绰Ըղ֪Ҷƽʲô£һֱЩϲԼڿҶƽԸʵеЩҶƽǼίǣֵعѱȻ˵Ҳֵ֧ģҲܸ˼εļί࿹Ⱑ
Ըս֮ҶƽѰȥר참齲˳ԸһˣϲˣʱҲ÷ɵ֣ϰ참ʵⶼ⡣
ҶǣרԱѾˣûҪȥ˰ɣԸվ
Ҷƽû˵Ҳţ˶ͬ־ҿǺǿģȥæڳӣȥͬʱԼǵĹʲôõģ
ԸգҶƽ˵ԸոеҶƽӲ룬ٲͬĻҶƽͻˡΪ˰참飬Ū˲죬òʧһ룬ֻôӦǺðɣ֪ͨǹȥ
ԸմӦҶƽ͵˵ͷӿ칤ȣһǲ壬һǳ飬ǹĶӣٳѰҵӪǲãһҪ߶⡣
ԸվΨΨӦţҶƽӦҲܶ˵ʲôԺȥˡ
ԸճȥԺƼ˽ҶƽӴˣоԼе˵ļڶһ¢һЩ̣һҲǶһִԵĸɲҶƽܵؾЩϲԼ£ԼȻȥ˼ҵ
кƼŤ֫ҶƽǰҲʮһЩӣڴСͥãҲǴݰףƤ𪣬ƽʱҲǺãȥʮӣⲻıڼί참˶ˢӣ֮һżӲģǰ첻ġ
Ҷƽ֪ǷˣˣȻٵõμίǵĻģڼίƬطϣ϶Բˡ
ûԸձȣԸտԶһ棬ԼʵֻʧȥͻˮҪҶƽ£תڼίڲԾ
ƼĴʮֵĵ壬ʱʼת䣬һŮʽ£һɫţп㣬˵ȫ͹˳ðĵط͹ĵط͹ίŮͬ־࣬ҴղμӹŮͬ־ȻߵҶƽǰŪɧֻƼ⣬Ϊίǣûġ
ҶǣûпգԳԷƼҶƽ΢Ц˵
Ҷƽ˵ǰӳԱ֮ͲҪôˣҪͳԷӦǡ
ƼһЦǹ˽˽˸飬һġ
˵ʱƼֳһĵӣһ˿˿϶ҪģҶƽԼһмίרŽһŮ룬ȥ˵бҪ˽˸ֻҪѹˣһν
˽˸ҲҪͳԷǣ¾˰ɣϻ顣Ҷƽƴǵ
ҶƽӦԼ͵ҪƼ͸оЩûӣҶƽǰֳȻЦ˵Ҷǣʵٷȫģ͸һȥһ°ɡ
Ҷƽһ£ʵ㸸ĸҪҿͣûбҪ
ƼҸĸҲһÿ֮ˣҪҶ٣벻һĵģ͸һӣӦǵҪɣ
Ҷƽͷһʱûһ˵ĸĸҪԼԷƼٰ룬ƺӾͲˣʲô£
ϰɣҽ¡Ҷƽһ룬Ȼһ£ϸһ¡
ƼӦԼ˵ŤƨˣԼǰŪɧӣҶƽҡҡͷԴ쵼ɲԼǰŪɧŮɲǲ٣ԼǿǵˣɫͷһѵʹĸԸ׼ǵס
Ҷƽ飬һ̧ͷǿ֪ʲôʱİ칫ſڣţͷ˿
ǣ£Ҷƽ֣Ƽ͵ģǿҲ֪Ǹʲôġ


389 ǿĽ
ǿ˽Ҷƽʰ£Ϊʲô£㱨ǿֹ֮վ
֪ʲôҶƽʵǣʲô飿
һҶƽԥǿ̧ͷһҶƽְͷһ£ҶƽеʲôҪ˵ƺֲÿڣڼίһֱ־׻ʲôҪ˵
ǣʲô˵ôģҶƽЦһ¶ǿ˵
Ҷƽһǿǰһ㣬˵ҶǣһЩ֪õ
Ҷƽüëһ˵ʲôͽ£ǰڲᳫľǵ洸عģʲôͽ飬ֱˡ
ǿһͷһ£Ȼ̧ͷ˵ҶǣίܶǼί˽⣬ţ˵仰
ҶƽݸһЦ˵ôǣʲôʱˣʲôֱ˵أ
ǿһֱ־ԸЩ裬е㲻ʺڼίɣҶƽֶֻּͨΣҪ˵Щʲô
ǿɫ΢죬ҧһ촽Ȼ˵ҶǣԺСˣҶעһ£ҸΪ˲ʺڼίȥˡ
Ȼ⻰ҶƽֱӣǿϰղŻΪʺڼίɣڵ˵ԸպƼ˲ʺϸˣǿƼʸϵĶ࣬ҶƽǰƺƼΪСޡ
ҶƽֱӿʵΪʲôʺڼίɣǰӳԱڲһҪѧŽᣬǧҪȥһЩŽ鰡
ǿע⵽Ҷƽֱ仯ֻҪҶƽԸ˵ȥҶƽԸȻûбҪ˵ȥˡ
Ҷƽһۣǿ˵ҶǣҪΪ˵˵Ļڵʱ˵⣬ΪǸѿˣĵ¿ηΣȻ۵㣬һֱڼͼϵͳɣȻ˵ˣЩɲûòİӣ˵ʺڼͼɵģһһ̶ȾͻͣΪԼӵһʲô¶ʲô¶ҸɣҶֻҪһ֪ڵԵڽʲô԰ǣ¢سǴʯ̣һίǣ۹ְҲΪʲô˼ҸƺеļͼȨ绽ЩֳƳĸҲӣֻҪҪḶ́ĸ쵼Ҳͬ
ǿ˵һ£ȥЩҶƽϸţȻϣǿģȻôԸ֪ˣԸһø
ȻЩԿܻʵҶƽֻܹ֮Ҷƽûʲôʾǿּ˵˵˵СޣСᣬἴϼίǣ˵Ŭ⣬ļֲ֧޹ϵĸسްǵĳƺڴŽǧҲ֣ԭι֧飬֧黹˸ɣǲˣǼĵˣسһģƼؼίһܵмίǼΪʲôϲԼҵĺӰڼͼϵͳеĻǼͼļȨּȨͿԸǼǮҪȨ˵ļֵسҲһԣһ˭ҵǣҶǣ˵˻ʺڼͼİôܰȥˣ£һҵǣӾĥƽˣÿֻץСӽҶԭпװô쵼ɲôûйܵǵɱΣɶҲɣһܿյļܿյģ׽׽޷뻹͹ȥһڣ˿ͱﲻס˵ҲǣҲôҶ֮ˣŰЩҪٸǣҲν
ǿһһʮذԸպƼ˵˵Ҷƽ˵󻹽Ҷƽһһ˵Ҷƽһ࣬˵ʲô˵Щ飬Ȼǲʵܸң˵ңͬʱҲ֯ǲǵǴͲˣһ˵꣬Ҿ͸ǣҸյί˵ܰһЩķңǻӭģҪǿһ㣬ǼίڲһҪŽᣬֻŽɼͬʱҲ㣬Ҳܵκ˵ɱΣҲǼίڲκΥΥֹͣܵļȻ참ֻҪаҲæί참Ǽίǰ裬ί˲참ǾǲϸļͼˣλӣֻҪһ죬Ҫһİӣϣһ㣬Ա໥ϣÿһӡ
ǿҶƽԼ̬ȣһʹ쵼ӳԱҲҪעŽ⣬һҲԼΥΥ͵ļͼԱڣ⻹Ҫ˵ֻж참ðǰ˵зһжգû塣
ҶƽĻǿϸط⻰˼оܵ˵Ҷƽȥˣǰʲôı̬Ϊ쵼ɲ϶Ҫѻ˵ùûһЩܰʵ뷨ھ͸ǴֻƬпԷһЩǱڵ̬ȣҶƽǱ̬ûΪѾ㹻ˡ
Ҷǣ֪ˣԺһðӡǿҶƽ̬
Ҷƽ˵ͷǿûʲôʾˣһת˳ȥ
˳ȥҶƽʼϸĥǿ˵Ļǿڼίһֱ־Ȼвƽ֮ģԸպƼǷ⣬ȻʣԼЩ飬һԼ֮ԸˣԼԶһϣԼıǰĴ
ǿһǻĶԼ˵ǿ˶ķ
ǿ˵Щ£Ҷƽһ£о߰˳ɵĿԣ޷粻ˣʵĻǿƾձЩԸձ˵һЩҲܾ쵽ܴЩ
Ըսύ㷺ƽʱϲаԵǿ˵Щʮа˾ſܴڡƼĸĸȷǿ˵ǵطһԣԼһξԼԷʲôһĿȻˡ
ǸղԼӦĸĸһԷˣǿȴṩЩҪҪȥ磬Ƽӣ
ҶƽϷ˼⣬ӽԺ˵ǲӦȥģýð죬ӵǰȴЩνƱǿʹƼԸЩҲûһӰˣЩҪʱģΪոεļίǣҪԸպƼ˸ȳž棬ȻֶԸǣЩˡ


390 
ڶϣҶƽ֮ȥ磬ƼȥʮָˣҶƽǸһܴˣ֮ҶƽͿһԼʮӣһʮ־һʮӣȥȴǷǳ׶񣬴⻹ؽֵľֳҲˡ
ʮȻƼգǸȥ׶ƼɷطɣطɲǹԱһҹ˾ܣԭͬѧƼ˻飬о˷ǳƥ䣬еŮӾϲ׶ӡ
ֳƼҶƽģ˵ڲһֳƼ벻ҶƽҶƽƼһӣԺҲֳܱʲô
һҶƽԺڼæվϳЦ⣬ҶƽΪίίίǣܺһԷңֳܲӭ֮⣿
յûֳ̬ȣȻûеʲô٣ߵְҲǴ֧ǣǸٳҲǴ˶ĽʲôﶼǮڶصֱȽϴ󣬾Ͷ֮дţΪҶƽǼίǶڽзӭ
طʵһС죬ǮҲװţôװѲƦöĴִָͱƷζˣҶƽһûкøУ֪ƼΪʲôϲˡ
طɵȻûյֳȣҶƽ֮󣬱΢һЦȻƽʱǴ磬绽꣬ҶƽĹԱǰ̧ͷ˼ҸһԷҪʲôӣǾ˼Ҳˡ
ƼкҶƽ£ҶƽҶƽһ˵ǣλ
ҶƽƼҪҶƽҶƽȴǼֲȻˣǾ͸˼ҵӣͲҪһҪ˼
ǫһ΢Цϣһһ߳ҶƽҶǣƼɣչˣ곤һЩͲˣ
Ҷƽ̫ˣλӿ϶Һһ໥նѣҪ
һҶƽһһĽշǳˣоҶƽ˺ܺãֵýԼӣƼڵλһҪ֧˼ҹ
Ա߿󣬸о޼ҲܰҶƽ뵽ҶƽǺܸӣ˲ãƼרŰйҶƽ⣬»һ˼һ̣طһֱ£̻ᣬƼ˾ûƽˣҶƽǫǼңҪúÿˡ
һҶƽ˺üƣȵԣҶƽļҶǣܸˣôƣƼᣬչˣҪʲôҪģԴ֪ǹٳЩ鲻Լǰǿ԰ҪǮǸǮҪǳ֣ǶٳˣǵЩǰװװʲôٴĹҲˣҲһʵʵڣ˵ǲҶǣ
˵ţҶƽȻЩ̶ȴǲ˵ʲôֻ˵ȶˣҪ˰ɣҪٺˣԷɣ
ԱȴǸе˵Լ˵Լװûаѹ̼ʱϼһﾫأ𿴺ˣл˼Ҷƽǰ˵ǲеʧˣһ˼ҶƽļΪ˼ˣǲǿ㵹²˼ˣʶĻ˼ҶƽƺһʱͲôӦ˼Ҷƽίίίǣõ쵼ǰһ
ƼҲо˵Щˣʹָɣ˵ڣҲܶ˼Ҷƽ˵Ҷƽ֮϶ˣⲻ˵˼Ҷƽװ
һ룬ƼæӹҶƽĻʾٺˣٺȥҪˡƼһӦȻӦȻźȣȷʵٺˣطȻƼģȥգҪ
һҶƽ˵Ҷǣпٺȣܸˣ˰
ҶƽΨΨӦţղŵû˵װ⣬˼ҪǮǮҪ˳˵⣬һθ˵ĻѵΧڹٳϵĹԱԼʲôҪʲôԼ⣿
Ҷƽ⣬Ƽúطɰո˳ȥȻЦŶҶƽҶǣҰֺȶˣⰡлԺʲôϵҪܷԸ
Ƽ˵ǱȽϿģϾǹٳˣҶƽȻǿĻĿǰƼ˲û̫еҲҪƼڼί֧ų棬Ҫȵȫռίɲ˵
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391 һµ
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ΪȻҶƽее㲻죬Ҳ̫ϾиԵ˺٣ԸиԵˣԼҲҪػȥɣòãɱ̵ˡ
ǣϴҼǵ㱨˫ǰˣôٵˣûκ𣿡Ҷƽ˿ݣ̧ͷԸ˵
Ըȵվ֪Ҷƽʵ⣬ûбõĴشĿһɨҶƽһ۱˵ϴûв˫е飬ھ飬Ϊ֮ṵ̂۹۹⣬ǵ㽫˸˫ˣ˻ûебųģϾǼί飬ԵҪصΥΥߣһΥΥͣ߾ȷʵûΥΥΪģǶҪ˼Ҽʱˡ
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һ⼸СԲѷɽͺشɽΪ񾯣רСˣǼС졣
Ǹʲôģɽһȣ̲һ⼸С졣
شɽһֳ˵ˣȻҪһ£ǰһָվˣ׼
һ˵СҲǸһΪ׵ǸС쿴ɽͺشɽֻˣҲ˾ƣðŻǣʰһӡ
ģ˭Ϊ׵Сͳŷɽ˹شɽһæͦվ˷ɽǰ档
ǹʵ㣡شɽݡ
һشɽ˵ԼǹСһܿЦҲǹǹǹ֤ǹ
ɽʶȥǹһȴûУԷܴǹģһװǹӣС춢˰ûС͸ӴЦ
һǲʵشɽȵʵ㣬ǻؾӡ
һشɽ˵ҪȥӣСһ£ͻȻתˣһˣɽͺشɽ˾Ͳȥ׷ǣȻǰˡ
˭֪СûԶղ˵ǲǹİװ˸һ󣬲Уûȥһ
Ϊ׵Сһ飬С춼Ǻ˾ƱȽ˷ܣǵûͷһһӣȻ
Сһת˻һĵظɽͺشɽ·ϣۿҪתһսǣСͳŰשǰȥûȷɽͺشɽӦ˵ĺ׾ͷֱһש
ڶȫҽԺĸɾ֪ȫܹشɽ˳ҲֳִܵһҲһҫǣǰĸɾҲֳֻžֳһ˵ˡ
ǰĸɾǣɽŭһ֮ưץסǼС졣
Ȼ֪˭˰שǲ²ǼСйأɽû뵽ΪֳȻ˱˵İשҪȥҲ˵سǵΰãΪֳ˰СĴҲǺûӵ£Ҷƽոᵽسΰõ£ͳΰ¼ˣ˵ǲ̫̣
ַܹɽŭˣǰĸɾŭı飬һǺΣֳ˴ҪƲ˰ϵƤܴ
Ҷƽһ֪ɽͺشɽ˴ˣ֪ºһ룬ⷿɽҲã˴ץһץΰˣԼЧóʲôж
ȥ£ҶƽϴɵػѰ˸˹һԸյ黯Ѱ
⼸ʵҲҶƽӦ˵ͬ˲ǣǵǼҶƽʱȴʮֵĹҶƽһһ̸˻
⼸˱ҶƽɵػѰרԺԸհǷɢȥ참Ȼ˽⣬һЩ
Ҷƽⷽ£Ҳ֪ʲô˼Ϊ۵λЩֲ棬Ҷƽ̸ǶǵһӣԼ֪һЩ
һ˿ЩͷԣоҶƽԸղβŰǼйģڰ참зְӾЩ⣬мأԸȴǸˣ˵⼸뻯ԶйϵԶԸմк⼸˸ˡ
˽һЩҪҪ߸ҶƽҶƽ㱨һЩ֮󣬾ͱֵЩֹ˵ֲ˵ӡ
Ҷƽһ֪ܻл˵˵С֣ǲǻʲôҪ˵ģ
Сֽ֣֣ѣҶƽѻ˵ҶǣиҲ֪˵˵
Ҷƽһۣ˵С֣л˵Ҫµġ
֣ѵӶʱҶǣҿеģм˱˫ַˣ˵Զеϵ֪Ϊʲô
ҶƽĻ˼һ£˵ε֪ģ
֣ѵǰдģ⼸˵ľأȴǷˣ˵Զǣ˭ŵҲ֪
֣ѷǳԸոֻ˵֪˭ģҶƽɨһۣһӿɽҲĸо˵²Ҫκ˵ˣܴȥȥӣʲôֱӹ档
֣æ˵شӦһȻ뿪Ҷƽİ칫ңԺҶƽһ룬ʶԸɱ˽Էܷӣ֮ԻΪԶԭ򣬶Զǻĳͬʱ˴ΣҪػϵ˵ԸյûбҪȥԶӣԶһͰ˸ˣȴԼ⼸ûʲô⣬ԲŰǸˣԸյĵҲ̫ˣ
ҶƽİΪ쵼ɻǱԼɱΣԸǷˣǿĻʱ߻죬ԼίĹܴ򿪾档
ҶƽľģԸƺܶйϵԶһ仰£ʱƵԶϣԶΪػĳһ˴ΣȻλû󣬵ǴСŹԴҲ˵쵼йϸ𣬾쵼ҲŹϵⴥһȫϸﻮԸյķˣܱġ
Ҷƽϸؿ⣬ίͬίڲ˶һЩ쵼ɲСϣƿز˾棬𲻰صģڻԸʶҪ֣ԸڼίڲյԴиĹǲ
ϸ˼ҶƽȰ뷨ԸյһЩƾʵݣȻٽˣ޻˵йϵ˿֤ݺȻҲûΪ˵


399 Ʀ
ҽԺһܾͳԺˣȻϢһͺˣԺͻ˼ңžͲȥίԺһ˾ˣǽȴרŸ˵绰˺ûУ˵ĻίԺһ½γҪרΪί֮ץ
֮ǰȥҽԺʱһǰʮֳ⣬Լһڱ˾һֱţ˼һܹЩܳˡ
˽£ڽûо쵽ʲô⣬ܸлԼġ
ڿרŴ绰ȥ룬òܷ˼ҵʢ飬Ǿͻɡ
˺֮󣬱ͻˣһ̬ת˸һٰʮȵ䣬СĶӳйѳһɫɣ2000СĶӳһͻȻ֮ˣһһֱڳ³Ϊ֣ѵһˣʲôˣ
ӽİ칫ҳСĶӳЦ򱣰ȴǲôαװСĶӳȴǳظɫģٶѳЦԼܻѹȥ¸ˣ
ôСĶӳ֪ȥԼ˼ҸˣڽͻȻԱһǳʲô飬תˣ뷨뱣Ŀͣˡ
Сӳ˴򽻵ӵ˳֮󣬹ؾصؿ공ͻϢǿʼƽֻʱ뵽ӰӣίԺһֱûм˵ίԺˡ
䱻ͱһ֮£û⣬СŲǼ˵ĻһĲǡ
Ȼû⣬ǲ֮󣬾йԱǰ˽顣
ʱɽͺشɽѳԺɽԺԺٿֵ飬оȫصΰ⣬˴ͺشɽڽͷ˫˫ˣӳ˶رΰĻңԴԺһֱڵо˽ڵҪΰʱˣһҪѶصһЩΪưһĵƦåȫ
ɽһģҸжһʮֽشƦרжרų쵼С飬֯ר侯ؾȫһЩа׾ܶŹС졢åƦȫץһ飬ݺݵشط档
Դ£ɽרίй˻㱨ίǶ˵ɽڽϱ˴ˣҲǸе񻰣ϵСҲ̫ſˣ֪ǹȻҲҶ֣ҪͨϰգǸ
ΰѹֽıݽίо·ǳشҪίо֮ٽйĺá
Ҷƽμӳίᣬύݱ棬ʱҲ׷ɽҪ´ΰˣСһשԴӸˣûһשƷɽĶô죬Ƕ˵СһΪҲΪȫصΰ˴ˣ֧֣
Ҷƽȷ̬֧רжطĴڣΰǾ÷չıϣûõΰȺھûаȫУͶҲᵽͶʡ
ί˳ͨδƦľ飬ɹ־ʵʩ취ϣȫطΧڿչģĴƦж
شɽ˺֮󣬷ɽûлָԭְ񣬶ǽΪ̾ӸӳԱѩһˣԭжӳһΣһǳҶƽ׵ĹϵһҲΪشɽһһשٵòһ¡
Ʀжɹֳ񸱾ֳָͳһָӣ̾ӴӳǿΪԱѩͺشɽΪڷɽ쵼£֮ƴطڶ
һʱ֮䣬صĵطеһɽ֮ϴδɽͺشɽǼСº󲢲֪ɽǹֳҲûе£Ϊ˾ˣСŻʱҴһ
˭֪ûãڷɽķ£񾯺ֶܿͨξǣصĺڶҲ֪˹ֱİש飬˵ʱ򻹸еһǳЦ飬û¡
ȵֳδƦʱǲ֪ˣİשǼС쵱Ȼ˳ˣһЩڶس̾һΪŻҲ⵽شˣҶȻڶصĻҲýȥ
ȻܶŻˣǴ˱ǼȴûץԱѩͺشɽǲˣھ֮˲֪аͳºɳ⴦ˣûץˣ˱ǻڵʱɳûмʱ鴦֤ȱʧȥʻڲ֪Щ˭Ǹֲ֪ʲôֻ֣˵ϴδаͳйأһֵõаͳǻˡ
аͳǻѾ᰸ˣԱѩͺشɽ׼ֵʱ̾Ӵӳǿȴֹǲ飬˵ָ˼ڹصǴƦǵʲôİӡ
һԱѩͺشɽһʱ޷ƱİӣҶƽڵ֪аͳİӵԺҲǸеЩƣ÷ǳΪʲôô͵ˣ
ҶƽԱѩ˽ȥ˽һǴδаͳܺˣ˽һΪʲôȷʵԸûа취ǱȵģҪúһ¡
Աѩ֪ҶƽΪʲôӣҶƽĻ֮ͺشɽ˵˵شɽҲͬӽЩΡ
ڽеһִƦָ֮ٿ˰ᣬܽǰһ׶εĹҪٽӽѴƦж߳
سСŻһ򾡣ٴȥĿ꽫Ҫ׼˭أ̾Ӵӳǿóһٱϣר鹤Աһֱ̾سǵһڶŻҵŻϴ֡¡
ǿһᵽ£רԱΪ֮һϤˣԭȷʵһƦå˼ڲƯˣһȼ˾ҴǧǮƣǿͻȻҪĻǼٵģ
Ҹе֮ʣָӹǿĻ֮˵̾ᶫֶ꣬ڿһҹ˾ȥˣʵϴ˲Թ˾ΪڻҪǴթ̵ĹΰߺܴһҪץסλᣬȻ²ͬһķŻҪڶǶ£ȡһٶ¡
һָҪ£ҾͲ˵ʲôˣͨ񾯷۵ҲǾ쵼ˣھ쵼ôǾûʲôˡ
갸֮ԱѩͺشɽߵһȴǿʼԱѩеĻ£Ϊ¿ɲͨһˡ


400 ֶ֮
Աѩͺشɽߵһԣ飬شɽȻ޶һЩҲû˼һͬ壬һֱͣشɽСʱûܵҵ۸شɽһҪϾУ죬ò˼۸˵֮·
˾֮󣬺һҶ˹Ŀ࿴Ȼشɽֻһͨ񾯣ǱϾڹ֣¼˾Ͳ۸Ǽˡ
ʱ򣬺ʵѾȥ۸شɽһˣǿʼسǺ绽ӣ˵½һ·ôδƦѽˣ֮һʼûжΪġ
µıǱˣƼһңǺطɵĵܵܣطɶٻһȽǵˣȻҲɢǻϻµģɶҲû
طɺµϵһ֧飬а˰֮һ޺ҲŷǳУطɲŻƼΪޡ
ڲǶһҽ˾ܣһ˴ŮƼڼίǣмίؼҪ޼ҵĹٳϵ޼Ҫؼҵĺ¶ݣᾭ棬˿˵Ǳһڶسưһ
ָǿ˸ڻҪ£ܳԱѩͺشɽϣû˰֧ǸٴĵҲôȻֻһ˴Ǯı㣬ƼؼίǣһֱڼͼϵͳύҲǺܹ㷺˵ָǷɽҲοؼұҲҪ£ûҪ¾Ŀ϶òġ
ָ߱ΪʲôλṫҪ£ѵʲôã
Աѩͺشɽ˾Щ˼⣬˰ҲûеóɴͲˡ
Ҷƽ֪Щ飬Щ޹أҪ˼żί£֣㱨йԸյԺһֱΰԸյػר飬ӣӿˣҪûʲôõɣһֱһõɺͻᡣ
ʱԸͻȻˣҶƽҼ̸֪ܿˣ⼸˿Ҷƽʲô״Ҷƽ̸֮㰵ҵǼ˺ݺݵŻһҶƽ̸ʲô
֣ѴԸǰȻǲʵǶԸ˵ҶƽҹȥйһˣǵûȥĹˣ⻹ѧϰȡɳ
֣ѺһЩɣԸƭЩתǱȽϽţֻ˵Ҷƽģû˵ɶԸպܲţǲ˵Żһ⣬Ҳûа취ֻע⼸ˣȻ֣ѱȽϳһЩ
ҶƽһԸյĲɣ֪ҶƽôҲûٵ£һӣָҪŻͬʱҶƽˡ
Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽ֮Ըձ㽫һйؽֳڵľٱϽҶƽ
Ҷƽõ﷭һֻд˾ٱֳܷϹ˾ܺطɻ¸ʮԪ飬ٱ˲û
һطɵ֣ҶƽϴƼһԷʱɷ򲻾ǽкطǲͬһˣ
ٱɿɿҶƽ̧ͷԸһ䡣
ԸһӵȷԱҲܾ壬ΪŶȺܸߣֵĹ̽϶࣬Ҿڲֻһʻ¸
ԸձȽϻӣ֣ѻ㱨İӻûа꣬ҪһƼֳİӣһǲôģǽֳƼɲҪ˳㱨һ£ܼί˵Ͳˡ
˼飿ҶƽԸһ˵
Ըյҵ˼ٿίоһ顣
Ըô˵ҶƽеˣٿίᣬǾǱȽʽоˣطɺпƼɷԸΪʲôҪʱ飿
Ҷƽתһ룬ԸպƼ˿ܲͣԼŰ취ҪߵȻ˳ìˣβһӣ
һ룬Ҷƽ˵ɣȲҪٿίˣȰƼǺͽǿһйһ°ɡ
ҶƽӣԸչصЦһµǺãǼͷһûпɲԣ
ӦԸյҪҶƽߺ飬ٿǻĻҪ֧һ֧Ըջ֧Ƽ
֧ԸգôƼ϶ջ𣬵֧ԸգôлὫԸյİȥӶﵽԸյػѰĿģ
ӦԸյҪԸȥڣȻػİƽˣֶ֮ԴﵽĿģôĻػİҪ˭ǿƼ
Ҷƽ˼˰죬Ըҵ֪ͨᣬоԸ顣
˿ʱǿȲ˻ңһƼɫǳõ˽ǿ֮Ҳ˵ƽʱǿҲ˵ǿҲϰˣûô⣬ǿɫã²ǲʲô¡
һԸƵ˽˼̵̣ӵһߣתߵǰ¡
Ը߽Ƽɨһۣһµ˰
ԸЦЦ⼸ǲǺæڰ칫Ҷˡ
Ƽһۣͣһ˵Ϲæ
˵ǿ͸ˣǿ벻ô嵥
˵ŻʱҶƽˮ˽һЦЦ˰
һҶƽƼæվЦҲǸչҶǣʲô°ôżټǿ᣿
ԸպǿҶƽ󣬶ûҶƽЦ߹վרΪλϣƼЦиҪύίоǼоһ°ɡ
˵꣬ҶƽȻתͷԸյǣ齲һ°ɣоһ¡
ԸóһСҲƼҶƽ˵˳ûԸ˵꣬ƼŭվָԸյǴϢ
Ƽ֮ǰڼź⵽ֵ£ֵİոտ꣬Ǿ֪ҪΪƦĿˣ¸һæ绰طɣطһţæ绰ƼƼ⼸Ϊطɹ˾ӽ̵ֹæµţһҪΪֵĿ꣬㼱æص˼С
˼֮󣬺µȻЩңȻƽʱŵĺܣһҪǳΪֵĿ꣬ĺӾ͵ͷˣƽʱȫƾ޼ҵĹٳϵ֧֣ڳ飬뻹޼ҲС


401 û뵽
ƼԼҲеܻңȻΪίǣһ˾޼ҵһ𣬰ܳеĻգƼһ¶ҪյģĶС
սӵ绰Ҳ˼ң˺µĻԺ󣬳˼˰죬˵ȳȥ㼸죬ͷִôҿ⣬ȲҪţǶģҲԴС
Ĺǣºͺط˲ŷƼҲǸе⣬ʱ򣬼ί칫֪ͨμͷᣬ㼱æ˹ˡ
֮浱ȻǲˣںΪʲôΪĿ꣬޼Һͺؼһһʱжϲ׼Ϊ̵ֹԸƺ˳ͻΪԸյļҲ⽨ֵḶ́ڱԸյģǴγԷƼҶƽߵñȽϽ⣬Դ˵칫ںµѹհѹ̸˺طɵĹ˾
벻֪Ըյıˣ¹Ȼ˵ڵİ칫вڣһɣȻţƦ֮Ŀ׼
ƼûаѺԸϵԸûʵͻȻԸҪڣһ˵ط˻ߣⲻڹ
һ뵽⣬ƼסˣҲҶƽԱߣֱվָԸ˵ˡ
վָԼԸûκεı飬ҲûƼ֮ͶҶƽ˵ҶǣҰ˵ˡ
ҶƽƼʮּӣ֣˵ǣʲôºú˵
Ҷƽһ˵ƼŸоԼЩʧ̬ˣµͺңֳ£Щʧˡ
ƼһƨҶƽ˿ң˵ǿǣ˵˵顣
ǿղſԸյ˺طɵ֣Ƽܻ֪˿ʼˣ֪»ôճҶƽΪʲôҪٿλ飬ǸеЩ֣ҶƽͻȻô˵
ҶƽһۣҶƽƽͿƺڹ˵ʲôǿһһϬһͨĸоҶƽһֱû˲ȡǲĻûץᣬڿ˻βƲԱҶƽ᣿
ǿôһ룬˵ǸղŵĻҾٱһĿɲԣ뷨һ£üĿĻٿίо顣
һǿͬ£Ƽݺݵһۣǿװûﲻ
ǿһ˵꣬Ҷƽ̧ͷƼһۣû˵ǣİӻûнô
ҶƽĻƼԸ֮󶼷ǳȣҶƽôͻȻᵽ⣿
ؿҶƽһۣƼͻȻʶҶƽڸȥԸյİӣȻͿסԸյһЩѱ˵Ҷƽп֧ģ֮ҶƽҪٿͷᣬܿԸյѹ
ҶǣİҿԽȥ졣ƼɤԵؿԸһۡ
ԸԱˣ˵ӣˣͲ鷳ˡ
Ҷƽһ۵ڵӣһͽ죬ҿһЩģܲ鵽˾ΪֹˣҪӴ鰸ȣһӣذѻѰҲá
Ҷƽ´ԸաƼԼǿ˶һǵһμҶƽ˵ݱ˷ԵأһԸհҶƽܲ⣬ȻĻڲ˵
ǿæӦҾһȥӡ
ƼһҶƽԸձﲻˣжʱе࣬ȻԸյҪ󣬵Ҷƽ֧֣ڼίϣԸһڲ졣ڣҲ־ܣٱ˵طɸʮǮⶼûӰӵ£Ը޷˴֪֮һξͲٲˡ
ҶǣҾͽˣһӸáƼҲ̬
һǿƼӦҶƽҶƽ˶ӵĲǼСȷʵҶƽǰ˵ĻҶƽˡ
һ뵽ҶƽһƼʹİӣҲٲʲôԶƼܿģƼҲûʲôҶƽͬҲҶƽڣƼô졣
һ룬Ըһ˵ף˵ҶǣȻҵİӣҷӣɣ
Ըѱ˵ⷬҶƽû̬ȣֱӽ˵˵ǽĻ͵Ϊֹӵİÿ춼Ҫһ㱨һʲôûУ
ҶƽԭʱûҪǶԼ㱨飬ԸպƼ㱨Ź㱨㱨Ŀ޷ȡ֧֣ôԼĿĶѣҪ㱨һͰѲ鰸Ȩץˡ
ʱԸպƼҶƽͻȻ߶Ӳ鰸̬ǰͬ˼ʹ붨ڱ永Ҳˡ
˶ӦȻɢˣҶƽص칫ңһ¸ղŻƼԸìܵԿ쵶ն֮ƣԸղ컯ѰȨһٰˣԸһʱûƼŶԸԸգͰˡ
ȻԸº϶η壬ȻռίȫȨͲһζԸˣùϵʱһҪϣԸڶͬʱֻԹƼϣԸܰڵʲôҲһͣȵʱһ˶Ҫͼ飬ǱʲôΥΥ֮£ơ
Ը뿪֮ҲϸŽ飬ԭΪҶƽרٿ飬Ľ飬ģû뵽ҶƽͻȻУìͷҲָԼİӽƼ˾Ǹһ˫ͨסƼȻͨƼסմ֣ҶƽȻдԣԸСˡ
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402 
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ƼҲʶⷽ⣬æʵ֣ҵҪҪȥ黯Ѱµôڻ᲻⵽Ըյĵ飿
ֳ˼һ˵飬ô飬㲻ȥȡµǵȻԴУȻЩ쵰ǻб쵰ģֲһͬʣȻŹҰźطȥˣڣ֪ͨ׼ˣһƼľֳֻԸճ飬һʱ˫治ǲõġ
ԼӵķƼ֪ôˣԸھˣǽֳҲһ򵥵ĽɫԸҲô׵ġ
ڿ֮ǿ׼Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽƼһӣôļ򵥣ҪʾҶƽԱԼĹ
˽Ҷƽ̧ͷһۣһָк£ǿоڶҶƽֻˣ֮ƺƼԸˣҶƽһк֣ϺҶƽж
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ҶƽĻǿһ룬Ҷƽֽ׶λҪƼԸ˵ìܣϣǰ棬ֻලƼҶƽȥС֣ǼĿҲڼලԸգලƲмල֮ҲƼһס˼
ԱѩͺشɽһȥܵаͳǼӵܺˣǷϴ²ҵܺˣܺԭӪаͳ⣬ڵ֮˳аͳҵˡ
Աѩͺشɽ˺ܺ˲ûܺ˲ǵӣԱѩʵ˽һǵİܺ˵һ˵𣿡
ܺһԷޣܺԱѩĻ̧ͷԱѩһۣȻǲ˵ŮܺɨԱѩһʵǸʲôģ
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ŮܺӣԱѩͺشɽҲƣѵʲô飬Ϊʲô˶Դǡ
ⷽĿǣԱѩ̬Ⱥܺ죬ܺ˱Ͼһͬ־ӴһЩµĴܲ⣬ڶԷѹûа취ԱѩĿ֮ڵʵ顣
ܺԭаҵǲ֮󣬵˶ؽͨҵϴ䲻󣬵ڶȴǺж꣬ⲻΪжôĺ¶ݣΪŹٳϵĺ̨Ĵ󲮾ԭζ˴ε溣ⶫֵܣ溣̨ڶصȻǺ绽꣬ڡ
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Щ˵֮ԱѩôˣŹ򱣰ӦҲŻˣǿָȴǣȻڰǣôһȻûơ
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ܺԱѩϵҶƽҶƽ棬Աѩ˽⵽Ҷƽ˱档
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ԱѩûУҸоڹڲбɡҴҶ֪溣ֶӣ˭Ͷȥ
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ԱѩƽҿǳӣǲʲôĿİ
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Ҷƽ֮Աѩ̺ͺشɽʼܵ鱣һףȻָǿ˲ӣܵǹܲţ鵽ߵĻֱȥҷɽ÷ɽץˡ
ҶƽԱѩ֮󣬸оطǲ̫ƽԭæŽ׽ڵ£ûвЩ飬Ȼ˽⵽Щ飬ֵĴƦȫصΰһã߲ܱ֮ԷʱһƱػҸȼȻڰƦ֮УȻӦ뱻ķΧ֮ڣڹȴһ棬׷¸ô죿
ίǣûа취ֱҪɽô±˳ҲԵЩԽȨˣԭʱѾԽȨһЩˣºв˵лѵҪԽȨ
Ҷƽϸ˼飬оֻԼְȨΧȥһЩ£ֵ֮ԸҰˣҪǷܹûãǼίǲҪ÷ܹ𣿼Ȼֵ˸ҰӷӣίǾƣ
뷨ʱƼˣƼȥ뻯Ѱ󣬾ǿ棬ûôȥϾѰˮȻȥ飬İ참ҪԸղԶˣԸĻһЩ£ûʩչֽš


403 ˫ָ
ƼԸյĶڼӿˣʲôƣȲȥ˵ˣкüѾùֵ˸ˣȻͷȥˣûбץסȥ³Ҫ군
޼ҺͺؼҲòзǻɶҪεĴƦѺ¸״򵹣ٲֻ֣Դˣҿı㣬ƽʱ׼ڹŷҪѺ´ľָǿˣָõһȻָʣǾͲ壬ƾƼڼίıһֳָ
պƼ飬ָָ֣ڹϵͳӪҲǸҶïԺ±Ƶ̫ˣ޼ҲŶ֣ڲֲˣҪָ֪޼ǲǵġ
뷨Ƽ׼õĲǰҶƽҶƽԼİ칫ӼΪԼ㱨ӵģû뵽һͰһݲϽԼϡ
Ҷǣҽӵٱ˵ֵָӺӣȡ¸һ̣ܶ䣬ﻹһŹ֤ȡ¸ΪڽҶƼٱְ֮еһŹҶƽ
Ҷƽ֮е𾪣ƼǴŪľٱϣһߺһ߿žٱϣŹһʱ֮ûȥ
֮ҶƽеֵָȷʵʮأԼҪܷӣƼֱṩ˲ϣԼܲܲʣ
ʵʵҶƽٱ֮󣬱ؿƼ
ƼоҶƽӣ˵ҿˣָܻ¸ݣָҲû
һ֤ȷ䣬ǾûʲôģҶƽϴԸսӵھٱһϴԸյľٱûʲô֤ݣ˹Ϊ֤ݣǾͲҪʲôԥˣֱ鴦ˡ
ǣṩϺܺãΪλȨܴһܶӰܴһҪѹҶƽƼ̬
ƼҶƽּ̬ȣƺЩûϵЩҶƽʲô˼ɣ֧ĻͼҪٿͷϴһо飬ԸҲҶƽȴֱӱ̬Ҫָǲǳ̫ˣ
ƼǵϵȫָֻüͼȨָ֪ڶԴʿɶֹķչƺƿ֮ˣһô죬оܾˡ
Ҷǣô죿ƼһҶƽ
Ҷƽ鴦
Ƽʱһ£û뵽Ҷƽ¾µô죬ѵҶƽѾָ֪ˣ
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ҶƽĶܿ죬֪ݼţƼ㱨£һԼСžţȵָӦѰֵ֧Ļȥ鴦ˣָڵطһֱӪԼʵˣӴĹϵ쵶ն飬ɼȳʵӸ첻ȥ
Ҷƽûٿίоǩ˫ǿƼֱӵָֽߡ
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ƼؿһҶƽǩ˫һ˫ˣָŵⶼ⣬Ⱥң
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ڲвָˣǴίļ˿϶ָзɽĴڣЩȴûˡ
ָָɽ˵ûһɽҲҪȥίһʱ֮û˰취Ȼǹֳ񸱾ֳǰһָ̻µľȥץˣȴǳ˱ץĶ˵Щ̣֮ԻһƼɧŮ˸ĹΪʲôԸûǰ֪ԸΪʲôûֹƼж
֣ƦûģָεظƼȥǰؿ˷ɽһ˵


404 û
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ҶƽָǰֱָָҲֱҶƽҶƽһ֪ץûԩԩԼһʹ飬ԼȻҲпֱָɣӲӣϡֱݣڵ̬ȣͱ˲׶Ը
ϾһֱĹʲôѶĳûίһײСһȻҶƽǼίǣҶƽᣬ֮ǰûд¹ͼ칤ʲô´ԼĿõõĶ
ʶҰɣҽҶƽҶƽָ˵
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Ҷƽ˵ôȻָͻȻʶǰоûʲô˲ļίƺԶԶĲͬѰ߽ȥģû뵽Ѿ˵ô࣬Ȼ˵ĶƼ£ȴҶƽռָѶ˶Ҳһܴﵽ
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405 ָ
ҶƽĻصشָĿϣ֪Ҷƽ٣Ȼйǲû˾ȴɣѵԸ֪˴ûиԸʲôô
ָһʱĬţ˼ŶԲߣԸղ뷨ǼҲ뷨ôͰһЩ¸˵ŪþƣҶƽȴƣҪҪϹϵ飿
ҶǣŹ˹ݺңȻǲḶ́ɲֻŹϵ£ⱳĿġָҶƽ˵
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ҶƽĻָڶҡţҶƽԹ̸żί̬ȣʹƼȺҲмίǵ֧֣ڼίǶˣһ˵мɻ뿪
˵ܼܲҵ̷һȥƦİӣָһڣ͸еԼ˵Щ棬ȥЩ˻ʱеЦԼҲʱ˵Ļ֮ıˡ
˵أҶƽ΢΢һЦ
ҶǣˣһӦҡָͻȻ˵
Ҷƽ˵ֻҪǺҪһӦġ
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ָץ˫Ϣڶ촫سǣЩץĵƦåǸܿǾпܹصһˣ
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£ҶƽָѾй˫´ģ˫ٿί׷ϣڵİôˣ
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Ը뼱˫ڵģҶƽþܾҪ˵ֻҪ֤ݣұ֤˫ڡ
Ҳָ֪ܿ˫£Ƿɽ绰ģβָ֪ʲô£ղŻǴƦȴüίץȥίȴûиίкίҲ̫ί˷˰ɣ
ЩʱҶƽһ绰ָͨ˻¸Ѿй飬ָΥͣ乫ֳָһְ϶ǲٵˣͨһ´¡
һӵҶƽĵ绰εźһЩҶƽڴ֮ǰҲӦ˵һɣѵΣ
Ȼ룬Ƕȴǲ˵Ͼ˼Ҽί참ûй涨Ҫί棬Ҷƽڴ绰Ǹˡ
Ͷͨ绰Ժ󣬹˲СʱԸսһл˵ĿڹõҶƽǰҶƽһйڵģ֮ǰԸսӵйڵľٱ׵ĺܣʱѺطɵлˣΪ˶ԸƼƼѿڼȻҪģ˭ҲҪˡ
һԸõл˵ľٱҶƽȻҲ޻˵ֻҪΥΥͣûʲôҪģԸһۣ˵Ȼȥ󣬵ҵĻػ
Ըת˳ȥҶƽݿڹԼָƼһЩٱ˳İ칫ȥ
˳Щ鵱Ȼһ֪ίץọָ̈̄ƼЩȻ֪ǲ⣬ҶƽרŹ㱨йڡָƼ飬֮ʵƽ˼˫ڣ
ҶƽҪ˫棬ƼҪͼϵͳ
ҶƽָƼľٱ˳˵ˣ˳ΪĶˣƼһҵ鵱Ȼţû뵽ҶƽһμίǣȻָƼ֣ڣΪƼֳҶƽҲǳҪ£ɼҶƽڹϵ
˾ٱ飬ָѾϣôˣƼ׼ĸȥ˳ʵ
ҶƽƼҿθɣ֣ίô
һҶƽ˳һ˵֣ȥίǺʣ˶Եɣ
˳ʹӦҶƽҪҶƽʵһֱ˼ܾˣί֮һֱûԼȽ׽ˣһֱŰ֣ûʺϵĻᣬֻҪƼˣ֣ίľͻȫĹۣԸվͱȽϹˡ


406 ìܵļ
ָͻȻЩֲָֽ֮¸ָһӱί˫棬ȫҵϡ
ȥԸ£˵óһҪԭƼǱ뷨ԸƼ
ҪԸƼԸһûа취ģҶڼίƼûʲôѱָ˵Щ£ֻû֤֮£ֻܴҳͻƿڣŷסƼѨҪʱ䡣
һ飬µ溣ⶫⶫ뷨ƼίֻҪίƼȨͻˮʱ취ȥ顣
һ̶˾һ溣У溣Ѿ꣬լӾسǱԵһطȻˣȻǶسε֮һÿ궼вٵĸɲǰ˳ڣÿ꿴ϸɲʱ򣬵һľ
溣ԸȻĵλҪԭԼλʱֲ˲ٵˣȻˣЩ˻Ķ⻹ҪһЩ£ԴﵽǵĿģͬʱҲ±Ǹ壬ܲ
溣𾴵ĸоûʲôָоõˣ߲Ρ
ƽʱڶ﷢飬ƽʱµȻʮֵĹעϴθһʲô׽֮⣬ûʲô˶ţͻȻ˸ָüί˫ˣһըš
ָֻһƬС񾯣һʱҲûʲô͵ģǼʱ˾Ȼһææȥ飬Եúܻ飬ķۡ
СָԴָ֮׼ң溣ʱ֯Ҳûָ̫ʲôǿԸǣߴʲôģָһͨС񾯳ΪɳָԱȻ֯ʱָΪ̾ӳǸƼְˣȻǸֳ񸱾ֳôһһġ
ָȫһģͻȻ֮üίץˣܲľ
ԸպͻȻ㱨£溣ûбָ̬Υ˼͵ģһϸɲô죿˳Ųֵָô
ȴļ٣ΪָץһƼĹ뷨һƼ溣ȴûô򵥵룬һƼûָ˫ˣṩ˲϶ѣ˫ָҶƽ
ˣ溣Ҳǹ۲ˣԭⶫź뿪˲磬ⶫԺۿҶƽһһ쵼ĸλⲻܲúһˡ
ʱܸ׽Ĵ͵Ļڵ˼ίǣһ־ǽָʵȨ£һûоίίͬ⣬Ҳ̫ˡ
溣ţʲô˵ͷ֮˵ȥǴ󵨣ʵϱžƣҶƽн죬ҲΪ󵨺ܴɵģһǿ֧
ףӴ͸֧ҶƽĵȻѡһĹϵһŮĹϵ˿϶ҪҶƽ֧֣һͨĸгһʳֵľֳô֧ҶƽҲ֧ҶƽôĶ浽׻ʲôأ
˵Ҷƽθؼʱѵ֮ŲΪ֪Ĺϵ
溣ĥ飬ȥҶƽҶƽָųⶫǾˮˮȥҲȥ
ԸվƼίҪֻҪƼίӳҪ䵽ϣЩ참ļͼԱܶ඼̳ģֻҪƼиͻð졣
ԸյĻ溣оеֻҪԸڼίûƼнϣҶƽȻǼίǣǻҪԸµˣʱԸָ֣ͺðࡣ
ͷ溣ԼӴ˵绰ⶫ뷨ӣ˳Ƽͼ顣
ϻûⶫȥ˳˵£˳ͰйƼȥȻ֣ίȥ
ⶫһû˳뷨ˣ˵ɣȻ˾ȥɣֻ˳Ҫ֣ίҪе˳֣ԽԽˣΪ֣ŰƼˡ
ⶫȥƼ̸׼ίȴƼ󳳴ֲ˵ҵȺҪҶ˵ס
һãⶫϺһһģȻйôܳ£͸ίҪ쵼ľӣûκء
ⶫƼȥҶƽҶƽΪҶƽֻҪⶫͲôˡ
ʵԼҶƽҲй̸̸һ֪ⶫ̸˻һʱе࣬ⶫΪʲôôҪƼߡ
תһ룬о滹ʲô£Ƽ˵µʱҶƽ;ţƼͰָ֮Ĺϵ˳һΪָ飬Ҫġ
ҶƽףָҵԨԴͬʱҲָ֮Բ˵ԭ޷ҵڿûˣŶԸƼ
Ҫľ˳ģֻƼ֪ѣΪⶫãΪǼѹ
ƼһۣҶƽⲻܾģ㲻ҪίᣬָҲҧס㣬ҷӳһЩ飬Ҹѹˣȥһ·ͷҲã㿴вУ
Ҷƽ赭дظ˵ĻƼеЩ⣬һҲҶƽ֪Ҷƽǲ֧Ҳ֪Ҷƽǲ֧ԸգЩͿߵ˽ز
ҶǡⶫǲҲҹˣƼɵðôһ䡣
Ҷƽ˵㲻Ҫˣûô£㲻㣬һ˵ģҪίоûо֮ǰ㻹Ǽίˣ˵ײף
Ƽ˵ͷ˵ʵڵһҲףֻûл˵ˣҶƽһΪ˵ҲǵģҶƽżĽ飿˼ҸҪȫ֧
ҶƽƼֻܻؼҺ˵һ˵£˵յһθеΣˣԭֻҪƼڼί޼ҾûʲôĵģƼȴҪ˸ίԲһõźţǵĹٳҪǿ޼ңһˮˮǼҷܹҪǼְ
ɫţڲͣŶԲߣǼ壬溣Ͻ֮⣬ΨһϣⶫⶫƼһ;ܴˣһʧȥϣˣҪҪⷽ£
뵽յðһ֮ɫƽʱºͣҪëʲô鶼ܸɵó


407 ޼ҵΣ
֣ؼίμίǣƼȥֺͷһˣһһ濴ʲôڼίڲȴ֪һش塣
Ҷƽؼίʱѽӽ꣬һֱûʲôϵĶί°ŻάԭڵʱģԸպƼżίĴ󲿷Ȩǿֲ־ı֣ί˶¡
ȻҶƽǿãָһ为ˣ˵ȻһԵĽɫͷĻԸպƼˣֻЩͬˮ𣬵¼ίڲ쳣˫ԼʱδĿӡ
ƼͻȻίǰְһʧƵźţ˵ƼԸյ䱱ԸճɹʤίҪΪԸһͳµģ
ǣ֣ĵȴһʱĥ͸ͷԣ²ܴڵ飬˽׷״֣ʲôͷ˭ؼίġ
ʵҪֻ̫Ҫһ֣ʷͿԵ֪֣ܿҶƽģΪڲ绹ǸҶƽɵģҶƽ˼ίְǺԵ
һίĸɲо̽˷Զ˶ȥĻҶƽ˵ҶƽԱṩ˻ᣬƼȻʧˣԸҲδؾʤˣ֣ĵ˼ίڲƽ⣬ίȨҶƽ֣һб
һ֣֮󣬺ܿ˾Ϳȥߵ֣ߣûʸȥҶƽ£֣£͵Ҷƽ£ˣһ֣Ȼûڼίĸ˵Ŀ£Ѹ׳ʵ
Ҷƽ֣ػѰļ鹤佻˵ףҪԸͷŵļ˽µ飬һʲôáָһǿ𣬼ָ˴ڵ⣬ھͽԸˡ
ҶƽͰѼӷ˹ԸٴҶƽһ𿪻ʱ򣬲ڷ֣ڼίȫ͹ȥһҶƽ˴֣ԭʱƼһкܶ鶼˵㣬Ҷƽ̫ô˵֣ǿ˶ǽҶƽһʲôܿ˱ʾˣҶƽմ֣Ҷƽһٳ˼ίȨٲߡ
Ƿڵʱﲻ飬ڵʱ򣬺ܶȨƼ˸ܿˡ
ָĵ̨÷ɽеµĻᣬһɸѡһ£ĹֳָΪ񸱾ֳǿǽָεͽǿ̾ӳλӸӵζӳ̾ӳѡϸؿǣԱѩΡ
γһ֮󣬱ύίίίᾭоܿ׼⼸ҶƽڳίϵȻ֧Աѩ˳ΪһƼ̾Ӵӳ
Աѩû뵽ԼΪȫΨһһŮ̾Ӵӳ֪֮һʱƽԽҵ֪ȥְһŮӵʲô̾ӵĴӳôУ˵ҲСˣҶ󲻣
Խҵôһ˵ԱѩеԼȷʵ䲻СˣٲҶǳʣŮˣȻ֮ǰһֱҶƽ뷨ФģҪʵˡ
һ룬ԱѩͰĿ˺شɽϣȻشɽʮֵ⣬˵ǺҺҲһֱϲȻΪŮ˱ҪĻǾѡһɣѡɣ
ԱѩͶһ⣬شɽ򽻵ʱ͸شɽɫˣشɽһоˣȻǰٰڵźԱѩԱѩڳΪӳˣúðͽûдġ
ָڼίеûϣ֮󣬳ҪǿٽҷһЩΥϣܽ˼Լ̷
ǿ飬ָΪֵĳ񸱾ֳǾ˲ٵǮƣʮ׷ٶֽԶԶǹ¶ǲֻ¸ǿҲҶƽͻƵĻϲôĶҶƽ֪ʮָˣû뵽ָΥΪôأ˵ƼרŸʹҪ¶
ڴôһָֻˣר飬õݲϣǿͽҶƽ
Ҷƽõݲϣ˿ָٵʵģǹֳָƽʱյ࣬˵ܲˡ
к̨ɽһҲ»úúõؼƽһ²СҶƽ֮󣬱㰵Աѩݲϸ˿ʲô
Աѩո̾ӳλӲȣ鴦ֲһһ˵϶ǲеģֻзɽ¾ĲС
ڿϣԱѩͳ˼Ҷǣҵñ֣¾Ĳ鴦¡
Ҷƽͷ˵˵ûûзɽĵͷǰ첻ģҿʩѹС
Աѩæʵôʩѹ
ҶƽҪѺµǸӸˣֻҪѺ¸鴦ˣȻ˸ɽʩѹǲӣ
ҶƽĻԱѩ˼ôһ˵Ҷǣǲ˵ֻҪǲ鴦˺£һߵ˿϶ҪٱùҲ鴦Բԣ
ҶƽЩøɽʲô̬ȣһ£ҪСŮһһߣֱӽ²ʲô鶼𣿡
ԱѩͷоҶƽ˵Ķԣԭʱܸоָ£ץ˺µ˾ǲץ£ƾ벽ѹһӰԼȥˣйغµ֤ݻ϶õˣʲôץأ
ȥԺԱѩɽ齫ץ鰸˽ӣԭһֱָڰ죬ɽʵûô£֪ȽϺãָȥˣͱµģεĳ񸱾ֳһġ
źµѾôˣ˲ץǹɻ˵Ĳɣ⣬ƼѾμίˣûôĹ˼ˡ
һ룬ɽ´˶ԺץȻԱѩͺشɽԴ˽أյĺ¸һץ
µǶ޼ҵһԭʹǺµ±ץˣֻҪ±ûץ黹ʲôתں±ȴùһץ񣬾޼ҸеǼҵļսƼͼϵͳüί˫棬ں±ֱץѵǼһһҪľˣ
Ȼ²޼ҵĺĳԱطɲǣһΧİ֣ȴǲСͬҲֻΪĿԭ⵽Ըյģ޼ˣֻƼί޼ĴۣƼֻǵ벢δ£ҲոеΣˡ


408 ⶫĳ
ⶫһϵʱ򣬺ͼֵľֳһ극ƣ˾ͻؼңڰ;ʱͻȻԱߴܳһֱĳⶫں˾ƣ֪ʲôⶫ˾ȴһһ䣬ײ
յùңⶫ˾ûܿס̣һӳ嵽Աߵϣⶫ˯бײѣⶫ˾ˡ
ȵⶫ˾ӦȥǳĳʱѾˣⶫŵòᣬæ绰溣һⶫ˳Ǹŵòᣬæǰȥ鿴
ȵ֮󣬷ⶫڳֻǲ˵Ƥ˾ˣæ͵ҽԺоΡ
溣ⶫûʲô󰭣зſģȻô£Ϊ˾Сײϣȵ˾һ˵ԡ
溣ŭˣ˭ô󵨸ҺĶӣһһί֯˳֪ⶫ˳˹ıҲǳӣ̴绰ɽȫưǰڴοƦȻ˶һ쵼ɲİӲƣ˲
ɽһӵ˳ĵ绰æȥŸɾȥӣ溣ǱѻɵĶָ˺ŻֻкŻ£Ҳֻж£ֶԺŻĴһǵķߺޣͼַͨʽҽбⶫΨһĶӣⶫһ£Ҿˡ
溣ԴУٴηŻȻƼϹطɵʵҲСڶҲһԣջһֵڵҲʵСĻ죬˴βûУֻкʵǿ˳Ϊ˴Ŀ꣬ڿҪһ򾡣³󣬱ؽб
˳ĵ绰Ȼټҵѹɽܲȫȥӣܵ飬ڲⶫײĳʱǺطɵ˾
ղ߻ģĿһңʱֻһٶȻ֪ѵͿˣûϵⶫ˾Ӧȣֱӽˣ¹ʷ
һطɵ˾£ڹԱѶڳֻŻ뷨ȷʵûıⶫ˼һԱоı֤ݲ㣬Ű˸ˡ
һҪˣ溣̲ˣֱҵɽҪˣеȫΣ˾Ȼıһص֯Ҫˣֳ뵱
һ溣ʩѹɽȻˣûа취ֻð溣˼˸Ȼ溣ָһϣҪйغطɺ޼˵һЩΥҼ͵ΪҪв鴦
Щ϶溣ռģʵܴﵽٷ֮ʮ⵹ʡ˹Ĳ£ڴ֮ǰɽҲյԱѩйָٱΥĲϣڿҪҪȥץ溣ĴǺԥû뵽溣Ҳ˲ϡ
Ϊֻ֣ҪܶץһǾͶץһɣȰ溣˼޼˺ͺطɸץطóײⶫıץҲ
¶ѹ֮£ɽ¶İѶسǵƦԷӸȫץ
ƼϰʱͻȻӵ˴ĵ绰˵طɱץˣе׺䶥æ绰գմʱҲ֪ϢҲż¡
Ƽæô죬һʱҲֽţʱڶҵķŭ²ߣû뵽Ⱦúܣᱩ¶ݣû뵽ù˳һӱòʰˡ
Ҹ绰ҹϵ˵
ƼĵܵܣмίμͼһҵĸΣͼһҪֱλĹͨйʩѹѺطɸŪ
һ绰˹ȥһԼ򱻹ץˣҲǾŵĺܣȵհȥйֵˣŻعйҹϵ
ȻֻǼͼһҵĸΣҲЩСȨˣͨϵҵйֳ񸱾ֳɽɽйֵĶ֣ɽ˽֮ɽʹӦҪȻ绰ɽʵʲô
ڷɽȲطӣɽһʣͰ˵ˣɽͱʾð鲻չ˾չһ¡
ɽ仰ɽһ¾͸طɰ˸ȡųˣطҲûгʲôֶԴҲǺѰ죬ڰ˳ҲǱԩٴ
һ˵طɱ˳溣еǳŭִ绰ɽɽ͸ʾоַ˵ģûص֤ݣڽȡʲô֤ݣץҲ١
溣Ҳڶسǣڷɽᵽо´ָʾû˰취һ޼ҵΣʱյֵܵõˣû溣ĻŬȥץ޼ǻһ
Ҳƣǻգڻ̰֮źطռľٱϣȻ׼йֺعֽоٱ򹫰ʩѹ
ΪأǹȴǲȥֻĿ׼º޼ңһƽ¡
Ҷƽҳֵû̫ģֻ˽⵽ЩڵҪǰڰָػѰӸãʱָѾӽβҪ͸˾شǿ˴󹦣Ҷƽ˱
ȻǿҲСˣǴ˴ҶƽıȻ¶˿ĵһЦڼίܳʱûпĵЦˣȴǷǳĵЦܵȻɼĸоǳĺá
ҪлҶƽֺ֧ΰҶƽյίʱ㱨˵£ҶƽûʲôΪҶƽͷһҪܵԸպƼ˵Ĳٿأ߶Ҷƽǳʧû뵽ҶƽһеȴᣬڲƼߣȫץ÷ܹ־ͽָ£˫ڣμίǶû
ҶƽòˣǿȫҶƽĽ£ȻԸջڼίǵλӣһ죬Ҫ⡣
ǿָԸڰڰ֮ǰڲӽ̽˺طɣһ˫ˣԸռڡ
Ըյȫ֮£ý˶ˣԸջǲģҪڽƼ֮Ľ⣬ҲƼûΥΥͣҪõĲϣֻеõĲϲܽƼƼڼίˣȫûκ⡣
ȻڸƼӣǻûиƼ͹ʲôԸ뾡һа취Ҳûа취ϡ


409 ձ˫
ԸʹڳƼл߹Ԫ飬õݿڹҶƽҪƼȡʩ
ҶƽԸսĲϣ˼ã֪Ըֶζ伫ȻܸɳɼҲԩһЩˣõݲϵĻǼٵģ
ȷɣʵһ¡ҶƽԸ˵
Ҷƽû̴ӦƼȡʩԸյƼ¹ͼ칤ǿݿڹȻֻһ˵ĹǾʵģҶǾ¾ĶƼȡʩ
Ҷƽͷ֪ˡ
ʱû˵ҶƽԸתˡ
Ը֮Ҷƽδ飬Ƽڵμίڼ䣬ԼְȨΪԼıȡ棬ָٱƼ˺ܴ˲ȥȡ¸ֻԼȨȥեȡ棬нףҲǲȡһȨķʽƼ棬ҪлߣҲһʱû취ԭ
ڵĿڹǼ٣Ҫ䵭ڣһ˵
֮Ҷƽȥһڣ˽һ¾û뵽⼸ַ˱仯ǸӵĴһίԺ״ϼռ弯£޼Щܷң뵱ռＯ治޹ϵ޼ҵ̫󣬴񲻸ϸ棬ղʱһССݣһֱȶڿ޼ҳΣһЩϸպδ֧޼ֶӣΪ飬һвٿ飬ȫϰһίԺϷˡ
ϷãֳĶǳ˳֪ˣŷþֳҶƽİ칫ֹŷùҶƽ㱨Ϸõ顣
ҶƽϷãԳӼ񣬼ԺҶƽǵʲô˵Ҫۼôˣɼ˵һ˵顣
쵼ӼǣǳֵͣɳҶƽٱռڴаԵ꣬ռأ̰۴﹫飬Ҫί
ǵľٱҶƽǾٱѾ֪ˣǻȥǻͽдģ˭ֻҪΥΥͣǶдǻȥɣ
Ҷƽնԣ˲ŵûʹô죿
Ҷƽֱӵ칫Һˣҵİ칫¥ʱǿֱң
Ҷƽ˵ϣЩϷõҶƽȻ뿪ίԺ
ȵϷȺһߣҶƽټŷþֺͼίԱпᣬо飬оĿһδ˴ȺϷõ飬һȺھٱʵ٣Ҫô졣
Ҷƽ⣬ԱͽۣŷþֳϷȺ϶࣬ķӦ»Ϸãɵפ
Ըվͱʾ֧ͬʱʾȺھٱһʵԣȻȺڲ˴ģϷãίŷþɳǰ޼Ҵ飬ڰѾ꣬Ըǰĵ顣
ԱҶƽ룬ͬ˵ͬʱǿԸһе飬ֻԸһˣҪǿиල
ԸҶƽǿһȥ鶯һ£û˵ʲôҶƽƼϲûʹĴӦǶˣǿһ飬һֲεı֣ԭʱǶԸĳһ顣
ԸҪ䵱޼ҵǰ棬ôֻҪȥͿˣҶƽİ£Ըպǿһǰ޼Ҵе顣
մʱԼլ֮ڣһθеɽˣȺڵǿģ⻰˵һûνǽƣ˶޼ٴҲûȺڵٰԼӵܵδǣǾͲǼ˵ʲôˣڴ񲻵ǳһˡ
ԸմżίԱǰֹۣԭĵԼŮŮȴҪԼˡ
ܴһͨũߵزҲףڵδ֧ڼ䣬øֶΪıȡ棬ӵܣúµŻһıȡ棬ԼŮļͼȨسȡᣬŻûʲôĲƸкܶǲ֮ơ
Ընһ˽ģ֮󣬲ϵ̸ܿ˴ĲϣǿһͬǰҪලãֻҪŪ٣Ҳȥ
һ飬ԸձѲϽҶƽİͷһЩй޼ΪĿĵĲϣҶƽİˣһνȥ˺ƣռ弯棬ѹյûٸɣԼǰȻЦ棬зǳǵϰǰȴ̻һס
ƼŮȻû󣬵Ҳ˺ܻãٿίίоô졣
Ըһٿίίᣬ֪ܳˣڻպ޼Ҵδǽ˫Ľ飬ͬʱƼҲѲ˸ϵѹգҲСҲȡһĴʩ
ҶƽĻͬպ޼Ҵδ֧ȡ˫ʩĽ飬ƼҪίҪ쵼㱨ʱ
Ը˵ֻòپƼ£ֻҪһ޼Ҿˡ
ҲҪղȡ˫ʩͬʱֶԺŻ￪ʼ׷طɹ˾ҲΪĿ꣬ŻĲƸͶ˺طɹ˾طȻˣǹ˾ܿ챻ˡ
Ƽʱļ٣·Щ飬Ǻܿձؼί˫ˣԼӶ˫ˣæҶƽȡ
ʱҶƽҵ˳㱨Ƽ£ĽǶƼְ佻⣬˫棬ԸύǷƼܻߵĲϿŶȲߣƼôüͼȨıȡ˽Ҫ֯˵
˳ԺҶƽְǿ֪һЩ˳˻㱨ǿڴʱз֣˴Ϸ¼˲ݲ߻ɣĻ־ŻһЩˣȺϷȻûʲôָģ˰в¾Ųɸ˵Ŀˡ
ǿͰҶƽҶƽ֪Ժûκ£Ҫ˳һ㱨ŻͺŻһ˴ȴָͬҲ˾ٱڹֻûвȡʩȥĻǲУŻֻԽԽţӦָʾ־ȡʩ
Ҷƽı棬˳ͬƼ̸ְ佻Ľ飬ᰲŷɽ飬һɹ涨
Ҷƽû˵ʲôƼ̸ͽˣĴȻɷɽ


410 Ƽ̸
ҶƽƼ̸ƼģûҶƽҶƽˡ
صĲϣҶƽ˽ƼеԼİ칫ңһҶƽҪƼȥҶƽ
ϵҶƽ칫֮󣬾ͿҶƽһаŪһЩϡ
ҶǡƼСĽһ
Ҷƽûб飬ָһԱߵɳ˵°ɡ
ƼҶƽ̧ͷһȻϣƼͬ־ί̸̸ڵָڰհУһЩ⣬ԭΪίǣڵ鰸УüͼԱݣıȡ棬⣬֯һ˵ɣ
Ҷƽ󣬵˻һֱӾƼоľŴҶǣⶼѪˣҰֵҲԩġ
ԸԼ飬Ҷƽֱһ壬ƼƼͬ־ڻΪͬ־Ӧ֯ϵ˼Ҳû˵ΥͣҾͲ̸ˣǸɹͼ칤ˣӦ֪ô죬㽻˵ûüͼȨıȡ⣬ĽޣΪԭļίǣӦһֻҪ㽫Щ齻ˣͿԻȥˡ
Ҷƽ˼빤ƼоҪˣ޼Ҽȫץֻʣܵˣ뵽˵Ҷǣ֯ϻδңҵܵЩ޹أǲ֪ģҪӦҲҪǣҵܵܡ
Ƽֻ᲻ʲôˣϾ޼ڵˣ;϶ˣǻ᲻ҲмίȴҪĵ顣
˵飬Ҷƽģֲ˭˭飬ܵܲܵӰġ
Ҷƽ˵ƼһЩģôҶƽһֵˣڵһо涼Ըռ䱳ڸģֻҪܵڣ˵бͷĻᡣ
Ҷǣ̹֯ǰһЩΥ֮ƼĬһᣬҶƽڵμͼһκͼίڼ䣬üͼȨΪطɹ˾Լ޼ıȡ˽⣬Ҫ漰ϵĳаͨйعְԱкʽа¹̣Ȼ׬ȡ
Ҷƽ˵꣬Լд鱨潻Ƽհˣд֮ƼҶǣҳԼΥ֮ǣԸյΥ֮Ҹ࣬ȴûܵ׷ֻ׷ңƽ
ƼһۣҶƽԸЩΥ֮ҲдֻҪʵһһͬʵؽ׷
Ҷƽ˵Ƽ˾񣬼æٴʺֽддһֽҶƽС
Ҷƽ֮û˵ʲôƼٱǿ˵Ĳ࣬ҪйԸȨĴ̵ֹ顣
Ƽ̸껰ҶƽˣƼҶƽֱԼˣе࣬ҶƽԲ飬֯ûҪôҪΪΥͣѽ˫ˡ
Ƽ֮Ҷƽ֣˹֣ڵػѰʱͨŬԸվַųΥͷָץ˻˵ĹϣҹԸ֮˲űŵģ˽⵽Ժ󣬾Ͱ鱨Ҷƽ
ҶƽڰһδԸյ飬Ƽд˲ϣָԸյһЩΥ⣬ػѰԸ˽ԷΥԱȻԸڼίĹŬΪΪͼԱݣΪලִλ壬ʸȥලˣԼȲ壬ķڷ
֣Ҷƽһ£ڼְػ˵ĿڹҶƽ˵ڿڹᵽ˽С⣬ΪṩػԶָʹЩȫֵǵͷϡ
һĳ֣еȽϼ֣Ҷƽ֮󣬱һҶƽ˻㱨
һ˵ܵԶָʹҶƽʱеȽشԶпΥˣԶ󲻵ػһ˴Σؼίûв鴦ȨҪмί㱨Ļ˵ĿڹԶ
ԶֱԷϣû֤ݽ֤ûԶҵҸ˫ˣԶ֧ҵƶˣҵػһЩǿԽбͨģʱԶһ;ûа취鴦±֮һ©Զǰ׼ûа취ˡ
Ҷƽ֣ȷ£Ȱ永ļ˸óˣҪסԶ󣬲ҪΪԼΪĿꡣ
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ҶƽĻ˳һ룬ҶƽԸһһЩɼҪԸյӦĻҶƽΪԸա
뵽˳ʵ㿴ԸյĶȥ
ҿ佻ίɣĵط᲻ԸȥԸȥίί˵һί໥Եһ¡ҶƽĽ顣
˳һоҶƽⲻԸƼЩͬҲˮţһԸȥһԸȥпܵµˣϾԸҹϵⶫڻֻ֯ҪԸղԸȥҾл˵ˡ
˳ͬ⣬ҶƽϵΣ˫Ա⣬ίҲԼԱҶƽŽԸոȥҶƽöε̬йͨԵһʧ
νӵҶƽĵ绰֮רһ飬ҶƽĽͣͬҶƽ飬ίһǵμίǣԸίίǡ
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411 ߿
ԸսӵҶƽĵ绰˻Ҷƽİ칫ҺͲǰĸоˣԭʱҶƽİ칫ңдţһκ˷š
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ҶƽݸһЦҲô˵໻λҲһ飬ҺͶһ£ͬʱ˳׼ίĸǹһƽ໥ȥǱߵίȥʲô
Ҷƽֱ˵̸ĿģٺԸʲôˣԸһȻһȥί
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Ҷǣܲҿһ£Ըһ֮ƣºȥⶫһ顣
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һҶƽ˵ԸղصҶǣĻһʲôֱ˵ҵίˡ
̬ȷǳãҶƽصҲ⣬ȥίҲǶã㲻Ҫ뷨ˣȥɡ
Ҷƽ䵭̬ȣԸոе޿ˣһֱΪƼίʤҲҪٺƼһˣȻ˵ίҪһЩһ˼ί
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溣һοǵЩ飬룬绰ⶫܲϽֹⶫ˵󣬾͸оΪѣκҶƽίѾ̸ˣ˳Ѿͬˣδӣ
溣һ˵ҲǣԸȻ֧֣ʵȨڻ˳쵼У˳ͬˣⶫʲô취
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һ룬溣еԸյεûֹˣĿǰ˵ûзʲôΣգ͵ɡ
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Ըձί֮عֿʼİӣ˵ԸյίоڼίˣίŹʲô²ͷ
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عֿʼеӵͬʱҶƽԸ֣ʼԸսܵ飬Ըյίɲȫ½ƼͬƼֻһŮͬ־ĻʹõĻգƼһίƣԸȴһ죬ڶƬط˷˵ˣǿ˵԰ǣûиݵģڽίˣܵͲܵʲô谭ˡ
ҶƽһţίĹָɵؽţʱ߿ڲŬعţͻȻһ죬ȴǴ绰Լٵ׳һְ˵ǵίľ
ҶƽһӸе֣绰ʸ߿߿͸ģµĳɵƸģǵίġ
һ߿ͬ⽫ְҶƽͺܲˣΪʲôȲ˵һҶƽӣ߿ʵǲ볣ʲôϵְʲôϵ
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һƽѩϤҶƽȴǲ֪˵ʲôˣðһ𣿡
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һҶƽˣƽѩ˵ǳˣ
˵˼죬ͷܣڹҵʱ١ҶƽЩɳơ
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412 ˾
ƺҶƽƽѩ˿ˮƽѩţһ˿ȴҶƽ¶
һҶƽ˵˻࣬ڨڨЦһ˵ˣƽѩæ˵û£˿һŰѵ绰¡
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ڶ죬ҶƽӰ칫Լĳ׼ȥмί㱨һ¹֣Ա˹Ȼĳ
ҶƽԺ֣СصҶǣҲ鵽һйԸյ
Ҷƽɨ˸ԼСһۣȻ˵˵
֣Ҷƽ˵һ£˵֣֮˳Ҷƽֱȥмίˡ
мίʱµ쵼ˣԭμίǳ̸գʡίμίȥˣʡίһμίǣֽи߽ѫʮңһ֮󣬺һΪ
ҶƽѾˣҶƽͬᣬȴڶ˲ٵĳɼͲ֮⣬ҪľίǣֻܰɺùҶƽÿǺܻӭӡ
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Сίϰίŵ˾Ҷƽûдԭط˾ϰߣԾͬţû뵽ȻǲСйܣ֣һϷС˺󣬹ȻϵȥԸˣ֣Ӷ֪Сй˵жϡ
ûκԥˣҶƽİС˾£ǸȽҺʵıԼ˾
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ӣҶƽʲôû˵ڰȥһӣС֪ʲôԭˣҶƽʲô֪ˡ
֮ǰԴҶƽһίμίǣԸձ跨̽ҶƽһЩԸԼ˾һַڵμίǵʱҲôɵģֻǷûз編ƵԸҶƽ
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ͻȻ֪ԼҪҶƽﾪһ£ҶƽܸҵһݹͲˣȴҶƽҸ̫ˡ
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С챻ҶƽԺ̾ͱ䵭࣬һò쵼ε˾ԺϾͲи쵼ĻˣֻСˣǰ;ˡ
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˾ԺҶƽ֣ӿ칤ٶȣԸյľΥ⣬ԸվȻ˾Ҳмͣˣ뽫¡
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һתƲƲΪ֣ˣⷴӡ֤ΥΥ͵飬̽һҶƽ棬ҶƽԸתƲƲ˼ô죬ǲҪ£˰죬ҶƽûֱԸյľģԸкǿķ龭飬ˣ


413 ߿
ҶƽѼԸյĲϣ׼ҪԸ֮ʣһ߿ͻȻ˵绰ȻǴһСŤǺֺܿͺˣϾǷޣô˵ҲһֱȥһǸ߿ҪͺõģҶƽȻҲٽˡ
߿׼Ӳسǣ˾ųǿûã˾ʹӺӾ淢֣һյĳǽǵĺ棬˾Ҳû̫⣬ǿ˰Сʱˣǲظں棬˾ٶȣҲٶȣһͷˣ⳵ڸǵġ
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һ˵ûУҶƽͷģùǣ˾ֻܿˣ˵
ҶƽĻ߿࣬˾ùܸٵˣֱӿˣ˾ѳ죬ĳҲǿúܿ죬˾ҲǺ£ӿسʻȥ
سǣ˾һһͷֳûˣŷģѸ߿͵˼У˼оͰҶƽ˵һ˵
ҶƽĻȴǿʼĥô£ǲǸٵĳǣٵĿʲôأ
߿˰ҲǷҶƽ˰Ҳǲȷо·ǳ֣ο˸߿죬߿Ŷȥ¡
˼죬߿سϣ·ַһյĳĳ߿˵һεľ飬һִ绰Ҷƽ֪һ
Ҷƽһ˸ʱеˣһεпᣬôһεĸӦȷˣ֪Ը߿Ӹ߿ϵ˽⵽ʲô
еΪ˴ﵽ쵼ɲĿģר˸쵼ɲʳסУץʲôѱȻټãһЩƨë쵼ɲǳãǸ߿һŮɲԼʮֵ˽⣬ӦûʲôѱץΪʲôô
ĿģǾԸ߿ֵĻᣬĻǸ߿ΣˣҶƽһ룬ϸ߸߿ĳһ㣬ù˹ȥһ¡
͸߿ͨ绰Ҷƽ̴绰Աѩ˸ٸ߿£æȥֳһô£ѾˣҪŪʲô
ӵҶƽĵ绰Աѩû˵ż񾯣žֳȥ߿ҶƽķԸ˾ѳһ㣬Źĳ
ǿĳҲǷٶȣƺǵĳˣҲ죬ҲŪø߿ġ
жʮӣԱѩ˸ϵֳʱ߿ĳǰ棬ĳں棬һյĳϾΧ˹ȥҲ˵յĳһп֮֡
յĳ֮ƺţͣ£Ǿͣˣʱ򣬸߿֮Ҳͣ
ͣˣԱѩ³һԳ˵ʾǵļʻ֤г֤
ݳ˾˳ӵذѼպг֤˳Աѩ˿ûǼٵģΪʲôѳգ
һʣݳ˱Ц˸͵ˣûüµա
һ˵濴ʲôʱ߿ǰ˹һǼݳ˱ʵΪʲôҪҵĳ
ݳһͲ˵㲻ҪѪˣʲôʱǵĳˣ·ϿߣѵͲǿˣ
㡭ڼݳ˵ĽƱ磬߿һʱ޻˵˵
Աѩ龰Լݳ˵λŮʿظ˽¸ǵһˣ˵
߿ԱѩһۣԱѩӦҶƽģԱѩΪ̾ӴӳôԿ¡
ԱѩûпֻǹƽشţݳһҪȥ֣ʱ˵ûзƾʲôҪȥ֣
ԱѩЦ˿ظǸˣְϡ
ڳһ˿־棬֪ԱѩȥǲеˣԱ˼ݳ˵һ½ǣݳ˱˵ȥȥǵǱ͵ģǹⲻգȥ˹Ҳ¡
Ҫˣ߰ɡԱѩطԸ
ԱѩҪ˸ߣֵԴӣллˡ
ԱѩͷһۣصҶˣ㲻ÿְ񡣡
˵꣬Աѩתˣȥ߿ҡҡͷԱѩôоԼеƵġ
ٵ˱ֵ˴ˣ߿̷˺ܶ࣬Ҷƽͨ绰Ȼͼȥˡ
Աѩ˴ع֮󣬲ûȥ׷ûյ⣬˵ûиٸ߿˵Ȼڲϣֻյ£Ϊձ͵ˣûü졣
һ˵ģԱѩ֪˱ȽѲ֮ͨѺشɽйһ˭ʲô
شɽ֮󣬾ʹԱ߿һˣһ۾ͿŻеҪŻﶯأˣúһ¡
һٵΪװѵģȴúشɽ
ԱѩҶƽһ£Ҷƽһ֪Żˣһ뵽ڰӵ飬᲻ͨٸ߿ķʽ棿
˸ٵļ߿Ͳ֣ᷢҲԷ룬ǻǹٸ߿ø߿֣Ӷ棬˱Ƽˣʲô¶ܰó
Ҫ˭ԸջǸԶ󣬻պָ൳ⶫ֮ǰ˳ڹ뺦ٸ߿߿Ҳֳô죿
ҶƽܲѱҪˣȥ߿˾Ȼñһ¸߿ָǿ˶Ը߿һ
Ҷƽ뷨ָ֮Աѩ绰õЩ˸ٸ߿Ŀڹ˭ĻָʹߣָʹĿʲôһҪ
ԱѩӵҶƽĵ绰󣬱ͺشɽ飬ӴѶȣȫ˵Ŀڹ˱ΪԼ˵¾Ͳᱩ¶ģǺشɽǵһЩϵףȻַͨʽǽָܵʹרŸٸ߿顣


414 ˫Ը
ɵ߿߸߿ʱ߿Ҷƽ飬ԭ˾ЪϢ죬һ󿴿˵
˲֮󣬺ܿͷһϴĳˣҲ
֮ЦһЦû˵ʲôҲһ㶣֪˵ʲôˣ֪ĸ糤ʱһ˼ԭʽĹԱ糤ԼֻһûбƵ˾Ƕ˼뷨Ҳûð
ϣȴע⣬û뵽һεżȻط꣬ø߸ߴ󣬿úۣ˽˽⿴뱣̸һ̸
ҶƽõԱѩٸ߿ĲϣԱ֤ʵָܵʹٸ߿ΪʲôҪٸ߿ǲ֪
Ļָʹ˸ٸ߿Ҷƽоĸӣ޳ԹΪʲôȥٸ߿ԭˡ
ڰļӣûʲôϵָհĶͷΪʲôҪô
ȥҶƽôºܿԸйأԸѾ֪֣£ѾöԿ׼ˣԸմ²ֶΣпﵽĿġ
ûһ룬ԼΪؼίǣΪθٶе£
Ҷƽø˳㱨һ£һ㱨߿ٵ飬һ㱨Ըյ׼ȡ˫ʩ
˵Ͱ죬Ҷƽ׼òϣȥ˳İ칫ңԺ󣬰ص˳һ˵˳üͷһ壬оصΰǲôⶫѾûˣֳίǱ˹ٵ飬ָ֤ʹ˴£ǲˡ
ϴҶƽڿǵ溣ĹϵڴϲûֱҪ󹫰̲ȡжֻǷԸֽае飬һ˽ĵġ
ŪòˣȻҶƽӡŮ߿ˣȻֻŻһ£ǼʹҶƽĻǱȻһȡʩô߿ΣվͼӴˡ
һǣ˳ٹ˼溣Ĺϵù̲ȡжŻץ鰸
ԸգҶƽóԸΥ͵֤ݣԼϴ԰ǳƺŵ飬ԸΪԭίǣȻĳƺţذܻ˵ķԲ鴦ĻܶӵӰ졣
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ԸείǣӰȽϴҶƽڼίίԺʽύίίоί׼Ըյ˫
ύо˫ͬʱ֣Ĵ£ؼίԱѾԸίİ칫ſڣ֣ȥ˫ľ
ԸƺԤУһ֣Ž˷ſϤļίԱһ㼱æӴȥ֣һæһȥץס
һ֮𣿡֣ͼһץסȻضԸ˵
Ըմڴݺݵؿ֣һۣ˵ͷձ꣬ˣҲ
ΪͼԱִϻһ㵳𣿡֣ϵضԸ˵ȻԸյּԭִĿȴǰûйġ
֣ϵӣԸʲôҲ˵ˣ֣ʹؼίʽ˶˫Ըհֻԣû뵽Լн죬Դӱί֮͸оˣʱ޿̲ŶԲߣĻˣֻͽ͵ġ
֣˫ԸգίίȡҶƽĹ棬ҵ֪ԸôЩȻǧԪĲƸһĿɿڴˣû뵽ԸһССĿƼɲȻȫزʮ֮һĲƸԼ
ûʲôɷԵģЩƸҲĳί޿ˣⶫȻ֧ԸյˣҲû뵽ԸջôǮҵǮ࣬ץ϶ûˡ
ί᲻׼ؼίԸյ˫һֱȥԸյίְؼίԸյг顣
Ըձ˫֮󣬳ίǲͻȻ֣Ҷƽؼίһ֮꣬оȻίȺõˣȻֲ鴦˺üƼɲĳɼȫǾ޽У鴦ƼɲֽίԼ˽в鴦Ҷƽ鴦Լˣһ鴦Ǽίĸǡ
ίĸǶˣʲôܲģЩйĸɲ̸еΣˣҶƽǶģ˭ֻҪΥ˼ͣѲ˼ɵƲá
Ըڱ˫֮ȥҶƽֶεĸ߳ȫǴˣΪһ̵ƼʱоҶƽͷһ£ʲô¶ǵģҶƽֳ̬Ҳģһʱ˴û뵽ҶƽⲻһּƼ֮໥ȻҶƽмãƼȥػѰȨȻƼؼίƼؼίԺʵĽѾעˣҶƽԴ֮ȫؼίԸ׵öˡ
ȻƼһûãҶƽԸɲɽؼίһ뿪ؼίɱǹУҶƽȫռˣίһѵҶƽȫʲôأ
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ԸЩ֮һҹ֮ͷȫˣ뱲ӣ֣֮ѬģȥְȨа̣ȥǮ֣ڻؼίĸǣõǵ𾴣ӣ׸һ̰ٵǧǮҲϽңڸҾǮˡ
֮ͨԸרһҪһҶƽĽˣǰ참ԱһҪҶƽϾ;ܾʲôҶƽĺ£ʵʵˡ
֣֪ԸҪ͸ҶƽҶƽһ֪Ըջ϶йˣ̬Ȼ֪ʲô⡣
Ҷƽһ룬֪ԸҲһӲӣ뱲ҲΪͼ칤һĹףҪҪԼӦԵԼûζҲ̫ˣȻ˾ʹӦˣǼ𣬿˵ʲô
Ҷƽ֣Ļ㱨֮󣬱ӦԸյҪרųʱ䣬ίԺ참㣬һԸա


415 ͬѧ
̧ͷҶƽ߽참ңԸյıӣΪί˾ܾҪҶƽˣҶƽȴˡ
Ҷƽø֣˳ȥԼһԸյĶ棬ȻԸ˵ԣ˵Ҫңˡ
ԸմʱǳӣҪҶƽǼ֮ȴǲ֪Ӻ˵ˣҶƽûʲô飬ҶƽҶƽҲΪ飬ŹҶƽĳҪе㲻Ž⿪еһЩ
Ҷǣû뵽ңԸչ뱲ӣǽƣˣֻһ벻ףؼίҺǿ㿿£㻹𣿡Ըֱ
ԸʻҶƽ֪ΪʲôҪԼˣ޷ΪûԼеڣ֪ǲԭ򣬵̨ģ˵ûĻһѡ
ԣǵϵԱҴżͼ칤ῴЩ̰ʹӣѵûдȡһѵǲΪûҿ£䵽ⲽأҿȷظ㣬ûСԭǼίһɽȻɽǶһԣΪָԣ뷨˵ʵڵģ䵽ⲽأʹϧģƼһǼίרҵ˲ţܰѰӰı£ȴˣѬˣҵ˼ί֮йһЩôţȻڻֽţвŻȱٵУ참úܶ˲ģ㻹ڶᣬһЩ˵˵нΪҵԵ̿ˡɻɣʹڲ£Ҳǻһµġ
ҶƽסԸ˵ϣܽ⿪ĽᣬʶԼУԸĻ֮󣬵ͷǰΪӵһû˸ҶڱûôЩ֧ˣֻ̨֮ԶԶģûʲô
̾һԸ˵ûа취ԶкԶʲôˣҶҲ֪Ѿ߽һյľ֣ôðѵģ˵ĶĿȾܶ
˵ҶƽѵǧԪĲƸҲǶĿȾԵ𣿡
ԸյҴ󲿷Ǯͨа׬ģֻΥ쵼ɲ׼̵Ĺ涨ܻߵռǮƵı٣ԶΪĳͬҲ쵼ɲȴ濪Լĳӣʵ޷ҲǴҲ˻ߣƼһְ¡
һԸ˵Զ⿪ҶƽȻʵ˵ʲôԶ濪Լĳӣ
û뵽Ҷƽһע⵽ϢԸæ˵Ҳֻ˵ûֻΪ㣬ǿƵ˺ܶˣ鷳Ҷˡ
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ҶƽԸ̧ͷҶƽĬƬ˵ҶǣллңûκԹˡ
˵Ҷƽ߹ȥ֣Ȼת뿪˰참ңÿһ̰ٶԼ·̣ǹȥףҲԼʵһȻں̸һ̸ǿԶҲһˡ
Ըձ˫֮ûһڣعڶŻȡץж·ͻȻŻ⧲Ϥץ
ץ֮ʤ溣ļУʧϢһץ溣ֳ¶ı飬ֶӵΪһֱ֪ģʵܺԼһٳСӷѧϰ̫ûнٳʸֻȥˣôڳˣȴû뵽䵽ӣʲô취
溣ȻҲԹץֶͨһûжеŭȥˣֻܵȥԺŰ취ˣмꡣ
溣û˰취ʤֻǿԼӽȥˣĵӣ溣ο㲻Ҫ̫ģּͥΪһ˵ĵ̨ʹ˵ģȥ꣬ȻͳˣøʲôǸʲôԲϷҹ
溣Ļʤ˵ͷһֱĻģ溣ǵȫĹǣҲֻˡ
Ż˳֪Ժ󣬵溣Ϊֶ飬Ļǲð죬ֱӲͬɣоĨͬɣίǾˣȥ溣õİ취溣ûͺðˡ
Ҷƽ֪ŻҲһأŻ󣬲ռͨҵһ¢һЩҵȫصľ÷չͶʻ˺ܲõӰ죬ܰһܴĳɼ
ֻһԸոᵽԶ󿪳飬ҶƽﻹһЩ񣬵֣вһ£һԶ￪˳
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ÿ˹ĹũҵʾûרŵĹȻɲ絳ίй߿ڵĹԽԽæˡ
ɾ˳ϷǳãȫصĹҲɫﴫСϢһпã˳ƻȥίӣһԵϢ
ҶƽûпЩ飬ѾҶõȷϢһҪʡЭְίһְȻΣĻֽ֧ˡ
ڰ칫ҶƽؿŲϣȻţ㺰һһҶƽ̧ͷһһ㶣ȻһϤӰ
Ҷƽæ˽ôˣ
һӵӣ˵ҶҶǣ͵Žġ
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һЦҶƽʲô쵼ˣͬѧԶͬѧǲʲô£
ҶƽеӣһˮƽһᣬȻ̧ͷҶƽ˵⡭ƽе㷴ӳһ¡


416 ƦУ
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ղҪҶƽ˼ҶƽϵûҶƽֻ룬ԱûϵֲòȥҶƽ͵Žί¥Ҷƽİ칫ҡ
ҶƽһʼҲǸе⣬ܿϳӡΪ˷ǳʵʦѧУ湵ͷѧʦ
֪Ҷƽ쵼֮󣬴ûҹҶƽʲô£ҲûͨҶƽĹϵȥѧУıһְٰͬѧٵضҹҶƽҶƽæʲôġ
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ҶƽвŭҪ˵ʹԸաָΥΥ͵ʱҲûǿѧУȡôΪ˵ԼûǮУ飬һµ׷䣬ʱûа취ؼίǣȻֺѧ£ҪǲܣǾûˣ
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֣˳ȥ̴ǰ湵ͷѧղſҶƽֱӰȥǿϾд˾ȣû뵽ҶƽôӣԼֻһ˵Ҷƽ㰲ȥˣѧУʦһֱַӳûʲôá
Ҷƽ֣µӣﲻҶƽ쵼쵼ķȾǲһ㣬仰ͰˣѧУʦ֪ǿ⵹ˣһҲ
ƽһȥˣæɡҶƽ飬Ҷƽȥ
ҪߣҶƽָ飬Цʲôߣþû㣬һԶٷɡ
ʾҵ˵ҶƽæͲˣǫãҶƽûͬ⣬绰ӿһķʳúһ͡
Ҷƽʢ飬ǲǫˣҶƽͷĹѧʱһЩ顣
һĵЩıḻ˵ҶƽѧϰãȴڰСֻû뵽һ˸߶һӴҶƽЦЦҵʱûǸӸߣ
֮˵߶Ƿ˰࣬ԺǾͼˣ㵱˼ίǣû뵽


417 
ҶƽȥдרдԷҶƽ飬Щ˼ˣû뵽Ҷƽôض뵱ڸһ꼶ͬѧʱ˸ûʲôҶƽȥ鴦ǿһضжˡ
ѧУʲôҶƽ֮󣬱ЦʵȻĹϵûʲôǿ˺ʵڣִԹٱѧУˣǷǳ͵ġ
ЦһЦ˵ƽѧУһͷڵ꼶һİΣƽʱҪǴΣûɶ
Ҳûлһְٰ˵ҲǸΣȻҲζ֣֪νθûɶ
һ룬Ҷƽ˰뷨ǿλȡôʵڵȥ½Ҫ̤̤ʵʵˣЩһˣĽҵˡ
һ룬Ҷƽճֻһ绰绰˲Ǳˣǽֳ¬¬һӵҶƽĵ绰æҶƽ͸ϵдһ¡
ʱ¬ܱ˵ĳ룬׼ʼԷҶƽһ绰ȴҵæ˵һ쵼ٻˡ
ҶƽȻֹˣǱȷֹʱҪηϴҶƽŹûнְҲҪǵġ
æд¬ҵҶƽԷķ䣬ԱҶƽ绰ˣ˵һʲô¬֪Ǻηʥȵ¬ʱ򣬾Ϳһ˽
ûм¬ʦֳ¬֮ûӭȻҶƽҲûӭһ¬֮󣬱ֵ¬
¬̶Ц˽˵Ҷǣʲôָʾִ绰ˣ鷳ҽйٷˡ
ҶƽЦЦ¬˵
¬һҵģҶƽԱߣȻɨһҶƽһߵ֪ǺˣҶƽййء
˿¬ҶƽЦŵ¬ͬѧ¹
¬һҶƽôһ˵һֻʲôʶȻҶƽͬѧ֪ǺͿˣⲻǸô
ɻ֮ʣҶƽֶ˵ǽֵ¬ֳĶͷ˾໥ʶһ°ɣ
һҶƽ˵¬æվȥ֣һǽֵ¬ҲǼæվ¬ֳá
¬Цסֵ¬С
ĸҺ˼ҾֳΪ¬æ˵¬ֳã¬֣ȴ벻ûˣҶƽˣôӦ£
ҶǣҪʲôָʾܷԸ¬룬ֱӶҶƽ˵Ļ˭ҪҪҶƽķԸֻҪҶƽʲôԸհˡ
¬Ҷƽǰֹӣ߲̾ǹٴһѹˣֳЩʦǰǾˣֳҶƽǰģΪԼҶƽͬѧҲִиͬѧǺð
Ҷƽ¬ô£֪鰲˵ȱ𼱣һԶٷ
¬ֻҶƽԷǱߵķֿ粻ȥˣҶƽߵҪ
Ҷƽ¬һŷţһĲ֪ѧʦǽֵĹԱֲòʶȫôʦֳôȫ֪
˰죬˰ķҶƽڶ¬¬ͬѧ˲˵ѧУУճλˣ㿴һûкʵѡ
һҶƽ˵¬湵ͷѧǱʲôʱȱУˣǸǿǸɵĺúõҶƽȴ˵ճλˣһûкʵѡ˾ֻҪⲻˣֳɾǰ׸ˡ
ֻҪ쵼ԸˣȻҪûҲҪȥ쵼˵УճλˣǾǿճλˣ쵼֮˵Ҹ˵ĽڶѣУղλֳ˵㣿
һ룬¬ЦҶǣʲôʵѡλʦʺ𣿻ͷҾȥ¡
¬ôʹĴӦҶƽеЩԾΪ¬ٵһ䣬湵ͷǱ߲ǲȱУҪʦһطУвУ
û뵽¬쵼ҪҶƽ룬ԼҲǼʶˣ
һ¬Ҫ湵ͷѧУϾˣͨʦΪһУһˣûУ̨ףƽЩʦ֪£Ľ
ƽҡҶƽ˵ʲô˵
Ҷƽ˼û˵ȥǿ¬˵¬ѡ˵ãֻһʣǧҪΪҵͬѧУ
Ҷƽ˵⻰ʱǳУԱ֮оԼղǲǶˣôУһ룬ﵹ̹Ȼˡ
¬˵ҶǣûйϵλʦһʣҸоλʦƷܺãڽѧϺ㣬ʺϵѧУְλͷҾƵȥһ£úһ¡
ҶƽԽ˵¬ԽǱֵļУ쵼Ļʱ÷쵼֮Թ˵ƲԼΣʲô⣬쵼ûκιϵȫһȥ쵼ƨɵģ쵼ûаëǮĹϵ
ҶƽҲǽٳˣּСһ
¬֪ȤҶƽǺһЦˣ˵ˣԷɡ
㵽ֹҶƽŲ˵ʲôͿºôˣ˵Ļ֮󣬸оֲףЩͿָоϷѵܵУ
һ˾ͳ˷¬ҶƽָǣȻֺһ˵ʦû³칫ңҾ˵ѧУȥ
æ˵лл¬ֳˣҾһͨʦæġ
ȻǳȻ¬˵Ҫܾûףκεư֮ġ
¬Цž뿪ˣ뿪֮Ҷƽȥúץýɣʲôٴ绰ҡ
æӦţ˵ƽղ¬ֳ˵ǻǿЦİɣôܵʲôУ
ҶƽǺһЦͲҪˣʲô͸ʲôÿҲǫ飬úðýñְˡ
ҶƽĻ֪˵ʲôˣоеΣʦһˣһпܵѧУУһп


418 Ц
¬ȥ֮󣬸еЩץԽΪ֪Ǹǿ湵ͷѧУλϣǸȽѲˣóУλӣȥǵøһõλӲУڸλӶģΰźõλӸ
Ϊ֮ʣͻȻ칫߶һᣬ¬Ķ䲻˵Ϣģ
ǧȷ绰ҵ˵ʱǿˣǲСеʦѧУﶼűˡ
¬ȻҶƽ˵湵ͷѧУλӿճĻ밲һֽڣָģֻǵʱ֪ѣڲǿճ
µʡٵˣȻǿûжٰ취ںˣһӾͽˣֱӰȥУˡ
湵ͷѧʦͻȻѧУ˼ʶˣֱѧУУȥΪ׵֣ȥץһƼǵѧУУȴһίԳҲǶصһˣûҶƽ԰ţŲ󣬶һͼҵˡ
ѧУУңǿ̣죬˲æڽȴϲѣĵǰ죬֮ȥԺȣҲû˸ҹܡ
ʱһǿڴӦһ֣ʹ˽ȥһȥʵ˭ǿ
֣⻰һǿһסԼ£ȻʣֱӺʲô
ǿΪ֣µģ뷨ͬʱҲʶذһµǣʲô
һˡָ֣˵
˭ǣǰɣǿվҲָ֣飬ȴڷΪթԷ
ǿһ䣬õҲվȥҪǿ֣ԱߵһίԱ˵ļ˵ί참û£ץȥ
һί참ǿûˣվԱûٶǿһ֣Ǽίģﲻǻһ£תһ˵ίģôʶǵ֤ҿ
ǿΪ֣ίģί£ͷأ˵Ҳί˳ԷƨȽ죬ҲһֶΣԾһʣһʻһߴӰ칫ǰ˳Ҫӡ
֣һ֣Ա˹ȥ˵ٷϻǵ֤ˣϸߡ
֣˰֤óǿһۣȻֱҪǿߣǿɨһ֤һؼίˣѵûʲôƾʲôץң²ǹܡ
֣һ˵ǹܣ˭ܣ
ǿƱ¶ǽּͼܡ
֣ʲôҪýּͼ㣿
ҶѧһУǮ𣿶˻ˡǿ
һǿ˵֣һ˵߰ɣҴȥּͼˡ
ǿ뷴֣һˣֱӽǿܵϴˣߴǿǱ֣˽ѧУĿȫߣȫҶƽķԸ¡
ѧУʦһʼҲ֪ʲô£Ϊǿǲ˽˳𣬳ڵѧУˣĻǵǺˣʡȥٸˡ
ǿ˸˳ʦǸее㲻񣬼ʹѰҲĿŵذ˸߰ɣǿһ仰Ҳû˵ҲվûǰܣܲȣʹǿΪٻ˰ˣΪͬ»Ҫæһ¾ġ
ʦţ֣ǿ֮󣬱´ô£֪ѧУҲ˱ˣѧУĻƸߴǼίģһҲ֪Ǽί˰ǿˣˣǿץˡǸǿʦһֻѧУ
صѧУһʦûһҵͨһ飬˵ǿץˣһ״нˡ
һϾǾ㵵ı飬Ҳ̫ˣոպҶƽһԷǿͱץˣһ᲻ĽУһְ
ǿɿˣظһ䡣
Կˣ˺üˣһǿץˣһֱڲ˰ɣʦǾǺʹض˵
룬û˵ʲôʦ˵껰Ϳʼ̽ǿᱻм̰꣬˶Ǯеʦڵģ˵СӹϵӲ᲻ỹܳУһְǲǻɡ
һ˵ʦܵطܣˣٳǼίǰˣҿǳˣʹУҲǲܸˡ
ҸоĶԣͷԱһ˵ҾǿҲˣҷİɣ
ҲǺǣȥͬѧҲȥңǿһ̨˰ɣеʦЦŶ˵
Ҳ΢Цһ£û˵ʲôҾûٹſʼ˭У£ѧУﻹмУǼУƽʱǿѹ֮ҲûʲôȨǿˣǿ϶ŷλԸһУ̨
ţǿҿҪУͺˡ˵˰죬˾ͿЦضһŵʦ˵
Ǹ˵ⲻǺҪǵУ̫
ǺǣҲЦһʦﲻЦֿЦصҿģУĻһǳСУһǮҲ̰˵
⻰ȥǿЦģʦſЦ⻰˵òСʵڣ˼ҵſڸǮҲҪУǺУϼУҵһվ֧
ǺǣЦⶼǿЦ棬ܵУղǸ˵ģ̫߳ˡ
ŴҿЦȴûв廰Ҷƽ¬УȻﻹûеףǿǿ׵رץˣУٵСʵڣҲ᲻ĶЩʦȻֻڿЦȴ˵һЩ£Уܵ𣿱Щʦ˵֧У浱Уˣ˵ʲô뷨ˡ
ѧУﻹмУǼУҪǲָô죿ﲻɵؿʼЩ飬ûдʦĻ
ʦһʵЦ˵Ȼû˵˱̵ǲԼУ°
һ˸˵£æ˵е£Ǿ̭ң˵ңҿˣ
ǿץҲǸ˵⣡ʦЦ˵


419 У
ʦǿЦȻҲԼܵѧУУû뵽ڶ죬ؽƵԱѧУɲˣһ֪ǿǻزˣȻֲôؿɲ
У˵󶼺˷ܼУץ⸱У϶лˣܲλͿĿˡ
ƵȰѼУټ̸ԼƼУѡУ˼ƼԼֻܰУƼȥǳǫ顣
ƵǴģǵĻûʲôʾƼһͨʦΪ֯Ͽ췶Χ
⼸Уһ˹֣ôҪƼͨʦƼͨʦǵУǵְ
һ£УƼ̫оͨʦΪ˵СʵУҲȻֻ֯ҪһģǾƼˣڻӦûɶʲô⣬Ҳκε
УԼͬذ˳һǼ֣ƵԱе˷ܣ벻Ⱥôߣ⼸УƼһʡǲٵ¡
֮ǰǲʵ쵼ͼҪ֪һͨʦֱӵһУǻģҪôҿʲôſԣղ⼸УƼһͨʦ뿴һܲΧֻҪһУǾͺðˣȻ¾Ϳˣǵĵ⼸УǾͱȽ鷳ֻʦһܲƼʵûһԸ⽫Ƴֻİ취쵼ʾǲҪƼֱӿˣѧУУֲʲôƼĸɲóôĸӡ
ͼУ̸껰Ƶ֯ȫУʦƼͶƱƼƱϾд֣ôͶ޳ɻǷƱͬʱУ֡
ƼƱʱʦһһô֣ӦðƼУ飬ô֣첻ǿЦһҹȥѵˣ
ܿǾתһ룬ǰλĶѧУĸУֻһλİˣѵУ
ڻһԼ֣Ҳһоٵķǳ죬Ʋסʦֺ󣬱СؿЦУûֻƼƱڷҲ֪ôƼƱˣֱŰһУָдȥȻͽȥˡ
һɢʦһУڣһΧǰУͣҳԷ
ʵһڿЦᵱУֻͷһ١
еϷȣæֵЦˣҿλûб꣬ȥ
˵꣬㼱æˣʦǺǵЦţȻһ⵽ô£ô
ƵԱƼƱ֮󣬵˵ƱȻַ֣ƼƱ⼸˵ǵһǼУУ˼˲ˣ໥ƵҪͶƼƱʱҪͶѡˣĿǵȻΪƱһЩֻͶһˣĻ̫٣ҪͶˣͽͲͨˣֻѡһУѡˣٶ˻ˡ
ΪͶѡˣЩƱĸУ֮Ȼǻˣѡڶ˵ʱ򣬳ںν̬ȣƱһЩʦԼУ⣬ڿȻ֣ƱֻͶһûͶ
һƱɢͼУƱĿ¬֮¬ʮָˣܺȻֻһͨʦʸУһְˡ
־ֵٿ飬о湵ͷѧѧУУѡΪʵҶƽָʾ¬ӳԱ˽̸˻˵ˣһҶƽйأоʱиģһ±ͨΪ湵ͷѧѧУУ
о֮ͨ󣬽ֱУﻹڴŵУףʦҲΣ˭Уһְȵһʱ򣬾Ȼ
û뵽ĵУµʦһը˹ֻǿЦģû뵽ھȻЦˣ浽ʲô飿
е˶ˣУҲĿɿڴǲ֪ôˣٿʱģȵֵ󣬱ֵͬ־̨
оԼЩϯ̨Ҷϯ̨֮ôʦֻ³һ仰лл֧ҵУ
ûˣֵΪི䣬˵֮ɶҲ˵ˣҲٽ˵ȥˡ
ѽֵһߣʦȽϤķ׷߹ϲϲˣǿЦԭЦļʦʱǲ˼ˡ
ǵĿ˰ɣƥڵñȷ˻ڣȲǣ̫صˣ֮ǰǿɶͶƱģһλʦЦ˵
ԣУǶͶƱԺɵùһ¡ʦ͸ŵ
ЩԼǰϲЦĲԼµͬǣǸ̾ˣ⵱پǲһⶼڹάںðûҶƽͬѧôܵһУ֮ȫУʦһ飬Ҳֲ
УҪʲô¾ܷԸҶұۡиʦʾĵУУûϣǿ϶ʲôԹԣָӲǣʱֻҪǣǾڵλˡ
һε٣ЩӦæ˵ллλֱӽҵ־Уǰһһ棬һ鹤
ôУУҪУӣߣӵȥλɣ˾ץȥУʽУһְ
ϵصУ֪⵱ϹٵĺôߵﶼǰӵģЩʦһȥУңԱ߸УҵļУʱȴǰ̾ƼΪûоȴŪɳ׾˵˲ˣ
˹ˣ϶ʲôã׵˭ֶ֧һԾϳΪУ
У֮ſϣŰ칫ǰĵ绰вЩͨʦİ칫ûе绰ģ绰УȨһʦӵŹȻһˣڵøҶƽ绰¡
һ룬˳ϵĵ绰ȻҶƽ绰


420 ȫ
ڵ绰֪ô͵ѧУУҶƽ̾¬İЧʣڽӵĵ绰ʾףأȻҪǿΪѵѧУĹֻܵóãʹ쵱ϣҲпܱΥ˼ͣҪܵɴ֡
Ȼ˺ʵҶƽ֪ٳԸıһˣʱһ£кôģԼԶڼίλӣʱ֪ԼĹϵŷǾˣȻʹԼλӣΥ˼ͣԼҲһߣκõġ
ǿ˫󽻴̰ܻʮķʵһͨУô̶ʱôǮƣҲȫеģ˭˵鶼ǲеģνĹϵҲȲֱƽ˾ش
ʱúܿ죬ҶƽμίѾһˣ֣Զӵ£ѾһЩüĿ֣ԶڹһӣӵʽԴ֪ת֣ͨһ߲ŵ鵽顣
ӱϿҳԶûκιϵ֣ҴݾȥҳӾֻܱ˽һЩ飬ȻϱҶƽ
Ҷƽ֣Ļ㱨֮һ룬ҳȻܿɣݾ߾ԶܿͻڸصΪƹŻ飬ֻҪ˵ǻһֳͿˣԱץҳΥ֮ܽԶ¡
һ룬ҶƽʱûвȡԶйܸɲ鴦Ȩ޲ؼίԶʡ˴ӰȽϴҪ鴦ô׵ģʱ˸˵°ӾԽȥ
ҶƽڹעԶӵʱ򣬶ίӭһµı仯˳붫ǰй幤ûаţӦһίѡнίίһְ
˳ʱǳˣû뵽Լн죬سʱԼҲίְλֹˣܽ˴Эһְû뵽ڻܽίίû뵽ġ
н죬һڶĳɼÿͲ繤ũҵʾ˲ٵķ֣׽ڵľٰõϼ쵼ϿɣȻЩҶƽģǹҪίһЩ
ܳΪίίҪҶ֧֣ûҶ֧֣ʹΪɲҲίίһְҴҪְλǳҪ֯һְ
˳һߣίһְʽɾٽΣɾ˳ϵбֵûûзʲôìܣץþùҲ˳ɼ˳һߣɾ˳µίǡ
سһְûίǳΣί»ְ񣬳ĹֲãҶƽо˲ģǺûʲôûҶǰƼǺпܽسһְ
Ϊίǣ˴ٴҲ˳µسһίҪ쵼䶯ˡɾһ̨ǴȨգһЩȨȫеˡ
ҶƽΪԼְ񲻻ᷢ䶯ģû뵽ոյ˳ɾ˵ְίίоͨмίѫƼҶƽмίмίǡ־ֳΪɲ
һҲúܶ˸еĿɿڴҪ֪ҶƽڻֻļίǳίθؼʱҲǲ꣬һΪɲ˵ҲǾˣҶƽ䲻Ŷʮһ㣬һӳΪмίǼֳʵȨɵ
ҶƽԼһȻҲǸеȣҶͨ˵绰֪֮ѫĽ飬ҶʵԭҶƽίίǣؼ⣬ȻһټΣѫƼز£ֱҶƽμֳˡ
һҶƽ뿪˶ίǰίְļίһְίί칫κΣСΪίί칫ΣСڼɾϵıȽϺãһߵίǣ㽫СƼίðСίίС
СίԺ󣬸߿Ϊ˸سĺѡˣһ߿ڲĹܳɫһҲۺϿǸ߿Ĺϵȫ˵ֻг¿ְܺλ߿ľʤһɹΪسĺѡˡ
ڸ߿ΣҶƽ˵ʲôˣڸ߿εľĺܴԼίԺ󣬽ҲȥģεĻᣬ߿ȴǻǲԸȥôȰҲûãֻɹ븱ؼС
߿һﵣθس֮糤ΪίǣҶƽİ£ɾٽΪ˲糤
ҶƽмίμֳˣƽƽؼɲˣҶƽкܲҰһֱίΣ浣糤ʸҲˣҲ˵ʲô
һ˵Ҫ糤ФЩʹ죬ίҲһˣҲŵ浣糤ʲôģȴǸûķݣﲻЩԹ
ҶƽʵҲŰԼЩͬѧ쵼ɲĸλǷǲԸˣФܻίְλͲˣȣǲ϶ࡣ
ڶع࣬Ҷƽһ뿪ϼҵְ֮ǰһ˽壬үүҶȥ˾ǣֻϵڼʱҶܷܷ˾һѧ飬еοԼҲֻǿʡǵľѧԺÿϾǵĴѧǲˡ
Ȼ߿ʱڲְҶƽûкһȥ˼ҶĻһΣȻĻϲǸ˵òˣŮǶˣƽʱټˡ
Ҷڽ˻飬˻ҶƽΣڹϰ࣬ϵعֵľֳ
ȻԼĽ򣬵¼ҶƽʱȴԵúܾнϾҶƽ쵼ȻȻɢϣеѹ֡
˼֮󣬹æʺůҶ˵£޷ļ׬ǮˣļҰ˵ĻļҵСҶƽһڶСˡ
һЩͥ£㵹ûкҶƽ˵Щ£ֻǺԭһҶƽŷҶƽٻؼҳԷˣܸҶƽһٷ㶼еҸ
ҶƽԼӵ߶û˵ʲô˵Ҷƽ޶ԣҶȻˣҲûа취ֻ˵һƽ˵ЩԲûС£ҪٲҺҪú˵˵ˣ


421 мί
Ҷ߶Ҷƽֻǹ㲻˵Ҷƽŷ߿ˣ߿ٳûɿڣԹæΪڣҶƽٵꡣ
ҶƽҲʧȥˣ߿֮ʱͬҪӵԭҪΪĿǰθؼ飬ԻǲͬȻҪӡ
￴һԼϵ˵һ٣Ҷƽڼ˰죬Ȼͻ˶سǣڶǰмίȥˡ
ͷַһµ߿˸س˵ظҶƽ绰Ҷƽûκθоˡ
оҶƽвˣ߿Թ˼䣬ҶƽҲû˵ʲôһʱ֮о֮ĸ鵭ࡣ
мίί֯񸱲ί˶ҶƽмίѫҪҶƽҲ˼̵Ľ
мίǣԭļίǼֳݿճλӣѫ뵽ҶƽίƼ˹
ѫҪǿҶƽĳɼŽһüͼ칤ԽҶƽƼ
漸ʮмίˣҶƽı鿴ȥЩЦмίĹԱίһļίǼֳо޵ĸ̾ҶƽһЩƼСԱ࣬˼ѾǼֳɲˡ
ǻڵ绰Ҷƽ绰лһЩָʹǽҶƽȴת쵼ǣΪǵ쵼˵һʲôоˡ
ҶƽЦӣǸеҶƽϳɣҲ֪Ҷƽڶץ˲ٵĸɲĳɼĿõģȻЩ̾ȴܶҶƽκεӣǸԼ쵼ǿ϶ˡ
һЩίĸɲЩ̾һλмίĸɲȴǸоЩסмίŻ¡
ΪȫĽ򣬵ȥҶƽȻʱǨҶƽȻмί˼ίǼֳȻҶƽǼίһ֣ȴмί쵼ӳԱ󻹻ĺùӳ
Żɢ֮صԼİ칫ңʮֵƣⶼԹȫ뵱ʲô糤ȥҶƽ£ڿɺˣĸˣȫҲûܵ糤
Ҷƽмίû뵽Żµ飬¹ȥܾˣȥҲûʲô˼ԼĵȥűŻʲôģֻǶŻüͼȨеˣٳ뷨Ż¸ˡ
ڼίŵİ칫Ҷƽһİ칫һо칫λм軨ݲݣ׺֮С
ǽϹһ֣дĸɫ֣Ӧμֳµ֣ĸ֣ҶƽидԹǾͶԹԱҪ󣬵ΪʲôʷߵҲûн⣿ʹȻʷȻչˣ˻Ǹˣûжٱ仯Ȼôİưɫܣ¿ۣ¸
뵽ЩҶƽ;ΪͼˣģûмලһССĴɲһӸüȮǸԭһɲ𣬵˶ٵĲƸ
ʱͻȻţӦһһ˽һˮȻ˵ҶǣûˮˣҸŪһ
˷ǳڣҶƽɨһۣӦһˮ°ɡ
߹ȥȸҶƽһˮȻŰˮ£֮ҶƽһתҪˡ
ҪߵӣҶƽͻȻʵʲô֣
һҶƽ˷ǳˣһϲ˵Ҷǣҽڼͼһҡ
ҶƽԺʱһӸ֣ⲻƼĵܵ
ƼʲôϵҶƽһʵ
ҽ㡣зŹ⣬ϵؿҶƽ
ŶȥɡҶƽһۣȥˡ
ӽҶƽģƼڱְûְֻܻܵڹٳϷչܵͥԭ򣬹ƽϷչˣ޼ȴǼסҶǵĳһˣǽûˣȻмίǲֻһΣûҸ⵹Ҫ뱨ңýС
Ƽ֪ҶƽⶫͣҸͼ칤ԭǿӽҶƽȻҳһЩҵİѱṩҶƽҵĻᡣ
ԣƼĽ飬ҶƽķŵˮĻӽҶƽҶƽ֣ȻһϲǽҶƽûʲô̬ûΪƼĵܵܰһģһЩʧ
Ҷƽ֮û˵ʲôǡǡΪ֪ƼĵܵܣڹӽԼǶĿģΪ쵼֪ܲСžţбҪȲӽĻᣬ˵
Ҷƽڰ칫룬ΪίǼֳƽʱŲٵ£Լһ˹鶼ûУÿչ뷨ѶصǸ֣Ѹ
֣ȽϺʣڼί칫һûи飬ڵץס֣Ѹ
֣ѴʱڶؼίμͼҵĸΣְ񲢲ǸƵְλԴʱ֣ʵʻһСԱҲҶƽŵεģҶƽһߣ浣˼ίǣͲôˡ
û뵽칫ϰ࣬ȴǰеԼİ칫ȥһ֣ѵӣıܷḻоһӱԼݵӡ
֣һʱе֣֪ǲʲôҪ˵ʲôµпܣǻµĻ쵼ȸЦȻ˵ǻ£Լܲˡ
֣һۣЦŵС֣ϸ͸УؼίĹмίúøɡ
֣ѸеĪ˵ǣʲôаҪҵмίæ참𣿡
վ֣ѵļС֣Ҷǵ㵽мί㵣飬ҪúøҶǸɰ
֣һ⻰סˣϲ콵ˣԭΪҶƽˣؼίָֻԭˣû뵽ҶƽھȻмίȥ
ǣ˵Ŀģ֣Ѳ˫ʵ
ǺһЦ˵С֣ô㿪ЦĹʵһҲߣû취¼ҪϼȥҶúõΪҶǷʲô¿ֱϵңϣ͸͸аɣ͵мίȥ
һ˵֣꣬ȫһֵеĸоҪΪмίˣһҶƽ飡


422 ׷ɱ
ɾٺһҶƽҶƽΪмίǼֳɾٲСҶƽרһҶƽĿ͡
ϯ䣬ɾٻҦӢйҶƽĿˣίҲһͬίǣȻͬ־ʵһŮͬ־ԭίΰ칫ҸΣείίǡ
һϳίǣɾٺ඼ίǳ൱ŸھۻˣֻҶƽһûгŸɡ
ҦӢոƣҲʮֵĸˣԴǴҶƽһԹ֮󣬾ûһԷٴҶƽһԷ鵱ȻǸ˵ģ֪Ҷƽڵ˼ίǡֵľֳǸϲ쳣ˡ
ίȥ˺ºͣҳñ໹ҪһЩζһʱҶƽסˣҲɨҶƽۣоǰ˧糤ǲ
ҦӢһίǵǰһŮͬ־ǲ÷ˣֻܺܿƵҶƽȾơ
ڸ߿ûߣҶƽıЩ㶣һĻҲԼ׽ˣеһţͷЦźһˮ
شҺȶ֮ҦӢͿʼٹ˼Ůͬ־ڵسˣȥׯ࣬ȻһׯصֻԵøӳˡ
ҶƽнʱԵúˣϣǵõҶƽһЩϵ֧֣ΪɾǿƣһŮͬ־Ҳ̫ɾ۸ҶƽΪмί쵼ٻɾһЩѹ
ҦӢҶƽȾƣ˵˵ЦЦֱ֮üͷԼίǣԼǰ˷ʵ̫ʧͳˣɾԼǲҦӢһԷġ
ҶƽϣҦӢȾƣҲǲԸ⣬˵ٺˣҦӢҪֺȣ״нӹ˵СҦˣҪٺˡ
ҦӢһĻƺһʶԼʧ̬ЦЦûټȥҶƽȡ
ҳԹԺҶƽ׼лصмίԼŵסȥϢԼסƵ겻̫ԶɾٹŵģĿΪҶƽȾƷ㡣
ɾﶼסԹԺȻ˾ǻؼңҶƽ־͸˱ȥҦӢɾٵĳˡ
ֻԭ˾ӵģҶƽ˿ʵǣסĸط
ҲסⲻԶȻ˾ȥ
ҶƽЦ߻ȥˣͣҵȻ㣬˾ߡ
Ҷƽĵӣɵض࿴ۣҶƽһһַǳĸоʱҹ˾ָо
ҶǣԼһ˵߹𣿡Ȥʵ
ҶƽǺһЦǵģҼڶعһ˾סмί¥ǱߣԺ󾭳ϵ
ݸһЦðίһˮţܺͼί쵼־ϵǿһ¡
һЦҶƽ˻ǲϲͼί˴򽻵ǵһ鷳ʵίҲ˰˾˵ǲ
ڿһЦҶǣʲô
Ҷƽһʱ˵治˵Щ̰ҪˣȻôḯ
ЦҶǣרίŸɽΰɣ
ҶƽһЦ˵һûи˽εľ顣
ЦܹеһΰɣҲһּǿίί쵼ĻᣬʹӦ˰ɣ
û뵽ҪҶƽǺһЦһȥ׼׼
˾˵Цţоǳ⣬Ҷƽһʱеһĸо벻ģƺһħ
һ˾ˣҪҶƽ룬ûͬ⣬סĺܽûбҪĳӻȥ
ֲԼĳӣֻԼ˳˾ͻؼˡ
ҶƽĳԶȥͷһΣǲȥģһ룬бҪȥһˣٿӴĻᡣ
һ£ҡҡͷҶƽʰԼסȥ
û¹⣬ֻнϵ޺ƻ˸ҶƽԼסҲǼ׵ӣܻܿȥˡ
ԼסߵʱȴͻȻǰһƬֻһӰҡҡλεмſ׷
Ҷƽһⲻڴ𣿹컯գԣǺ컯֮£˾ȻȻֵˣһ룬óֻ׼
ϻûȵҶƽͿ˴žԼ˹ҶƽһЩϤϸһȻҶʱҶѾһѪˣղŸû
ȻҶҶƽˣ̽󣬶ǰ׷ɱѾܵǰҶƽһ˵ס֡
ͽһܵҶƽǰֹףһӶվסˣָҶƽҲһ𿳡
ҶƽԷĸˣֵԼӲ»Կ˵Ѿ˳ˣٴܾûûˣûǾܵ𣿡
һһҶƽ˵ʲôֱǶţ٣ǵֻȭͷǵ˭˭еҪʲôĻͲ׷ɱҶˡ
û˵Ҷƽһ˵껰һ˱ֵҶƽҶƽûϵЩҰֱǲκεڵ̫أͿʼӶǹЩƴԺҪ죿
ҿҶƽ֣ۿԼæһ㣬Ȼ˵ⲿȥһͬǧ˰һڵϣҶƽѸټ𿳵׼ǻ˵Ǵһƴ˭ģɣ
Ҷƽղŵֱ⼸ֳֿļһЩĿɿڴʱҶƽҲֳ˿Ȼ˶࣬ȴһʱܲˣȻЩԾԾԣҶƽһ뵽ҶƽݵӣЩ¡
ԥҶƽһָ˵ǼߣҪٴˣ
ҶƽЩڵץҶ͵ҽԺȥ⼸˿˿Ҷƽǲ֪Ҷƽʲôͷô˵ųƴɣû뵽һоҶƽƷˣǼϣҶƽһˣǾǵùˡ
һ룬⼸˼æǰ˼ȻҶƽҪǰѿҶƽص˭б£ã
Ǽһû뷨ֱӼǸ˵˴ҴˣȵһߣҶƽæ120ȵ绰Ȼ˳ְѵӵһԣһҶơ
Ҷ˵ĺأҶƽæֹֹѪҶע⵽ǰҶƽ˵ʲôȴû˵ˣֻؿҶƽҶƽҪȴ120ĵ


423 ְҵɱ
Ҷƽһߴ绰120һֽ绰Լ֣ѣһ£ԼһûӦǰ顣
֣ѽӵ绰ܿˣ120ȳȴǳٳûĵ绰ҲˣҲǳٳûҶƽʱ֪ҵλĹЧˣȻԼܲҵλԼΪһͨĹҲȽϵ
ʱһЩΧ۵Ⱥڣû˹æԶԶţҿ֣֮󣬰չһҶ
Ҷƽոʶ˲ֻ֣࣬ܺչҶżȳ;
һˣȳ֮Ҷƽ֣ѸȥҽԺҪʲôǮȸϣȻžǰ
ȳ߾ˣҶƽǰľ죬ʵ绰ôãôڲ
ЩһȴǿҶƽǷ𣬶ҶƽǷĻŲԭˣҪЩΪʲôֱڲų
쿴һ˳ǷһȻȻһ˵˭ľ
ԼҶƽʵΪʲôôûг
˭˵˵һҶƽһѡ
һ˾ȻִˣҶƽ˳һûϵҶƽᷴһûվס˸ʺ
ˣҶƽһһվ֮󣬲ָҶƽһӽе
ӿȥеƾ˵ֻһĻ֮˵ڵģȻҴ򾯲죬Ҵߡ
һӵϣûȥҶΰȴҪҶƽߣһȺ磬Ҷƽ֪⼸ΰˮƽΪʲôˣֻС׼ףھԺΰöˣû˹ȥ
֮ҪΰΪɽСˣƵ˾ΰԼǹֳȴþҪץ˵һЦ
Ҷƽǰץһ룬ûзҲûбݣ뿴Ⱥ쵽׻ʲôҪץ𣬾ץˡ
Ҷƽһ˵ǲҪҸˡ
ҶƽȲϵľû׵ĶҶƽ˾Ȼɳ
ĵһɳ־ֹϽǸƼļ𣬱׼ھֳĺˣȻռôҪһɳĵطɳȨƷǳ֮ϽĵƦåͶԼڶ̻Ȼš
ɳĴ¥ҲǳƯҶƽžֱɳ˳֮󣬼ͰҶƽɳͣҶƽصһС
ҶƽûзǴãһ£ﾯô
ֻڹؽС֮ǰһҪҶƽֻû
Ҷƽֻ˽ϢԸ⽻ǾǺףУҶƽ뻹ǰֻȥˡ
ֻԺҶƽͱؽСؽ֮һתһ£ͷȻ߽Աߵİ칫ˡ
һᣬһˣߵҶƽСǰ˵Ҹ飬Ͽĸ죡
ҶƽҸطϢһ£ܰضã⻹û͸һ顱ˡ
Ҷƽ۾һɨͿǿ׳һ֪ǺˣСС˾ЩԵ˶ˣһ˵ǲ
֮ˣ׳ҡڵ˽ŰӣҲҶƽһۣһƴȥҶƽƿ
Ҷƽһ߲ƣƺҲģЩ׳ԺҶƽظˡ
һҶƽ׳һȶ߳ŭҶң
ҶƽЦһ㶯ִˣ˱˶㿪ˣ
׳Ųʲôֱӳһȭ˹ȥҶƽһҪִˣʮջ𣬼ȻԼͶֽѵѵ
Ҷƽûж㿪һȭֱһ׽סȭͷ˸ӲӲ׳ûϵҶƽȥӻֱӲӲ
ֱҶƽƴΪԼһҶƽƴһЦţҶƽеȷʵʮֵĴǲɵһ£׳ȭͷͲƶ˼֣Ҫˡ
׳һʱЦţҶƽסûɾ׳֮ʣһһ½׳ȭͷƻȥ˼֣׳ʱһűӳڶȭͷҶƽ
Ҷƽ״æһֻȭͷסһֻȭͷһʱ֮䣬˵ȭͷֱһͬͷһţ
׳ҪҶƽߴһЩȥЩӸ£ռźܴţ׳оԼҪսʤҶƽˣȴǲôһ㣬Ҷƽƺһ羢һӴܲס
׳˸󣬶ɳһѹҶƽһЦſҶƽҶƽоǹԼģɳרŸԼ˵ɳûϵҲš
һҶƽûз׳ЦŵСӣӣϻģ
ҶƽЦһµ׵ϵģôţ
׵ϵģƭİɣҿСӣӾ㣡׳һ˵Żһ˿Ҵ⣬ΪоҶƽĺԽԽˡ
ҶƽҲһ֣ȻɺޣǱĺָΪɺޣһ룬˵˵ɣ˭ģңҾ͸㡣
һҶƽ飬׳̲˵ˣ˫һݵҿ㻹жľ
Ҷƽ˹صҿҲûжľˣ
⻰˵׳ĿϣʱѾð˺գΪ׸㶨£ȴǸһСҲ㲻ĻӵſҪˡ
ҵʹһǧ֮ҶƽѹŽǴ򲻵Ҷƽˡ
þȫԼѹԼҲɵ˺ԼҶƽ׼ᣬһӵӴȻԱߵȥֹûסͨһӲӲˮذˣ˸ʺ
ûгҶƽһѹϣȻֿסĲ˵ʵ㣬Ųҽ㣡
һҶƽɭĻ׳һʱˣоҶƽеְҵɱ֣ͷ侲ˣ죬Ҷƽһ˵Ͳзˡ
ú׳һƵʱȫѾûʲôˡ


424 ֻػ
˭ģҶƽʵ
ġ׳æش
˭Ҷƽʡ
׳ǳ¶ɳ
һɳԸԼģҶƽôˣñ֮Լ˻ϵĻ죬ʹҲ԰Ƶ׳ϣһָ
Ҷƽһ룬Ź׳˵ץȥǸ¶һҪ۵ġ
׳ڸеҶƽĶ֣֮󣬿˿ҶƽȴΪѵ˵ҹˣСġ
ҶƽʶСģ׳˶ȥˣ¿Ժúһˡ
׳ҲһʶҶƽ˸ǿ֮ľʱ˴СҲûʲôֻ˯ɣҲû˯ûд̡
׳ҶƽҪѧϰҶƽ֣ҶƽǸʲôģ˵Լ˵ڣɢ죬ҶƽΪʲôúҸְҵɣҪɢ죿
׳ЦЦûа취СӹǾũԸɣѧУѧͳɢˣһҲ۸ѧУˣˣлõľͷ˲ƣ첻õģһҲͲٻˣҸͺúùȥˡ
Ҷƽǻûģ׳ЦŵҲãõǵͷԣûͷһҲ״
Ҷƽʲôͷԣ׳˵ͷԵԼ˶ȥ̣׬ȡƸ׬Ƹ֮ͽύֵˣ͹ֵ˴һƬʹˣͽͷԡ
׳ĻҶƽһЩ飬һһ֪һҶˣ
Ҷƽһ˵׳˵˵Ҷϴɣмϰֲͣɲϰ塣
һʶҶҶƽ˵ϰʲô
ϰ嶼ܶǿ׳ػش
ǿզǿǶ磡Ҷƽ˵
׳ֿ˵Ҳ֪ܲ
ҶƽеЩɵģû˵ʲôͶ˵ȥţǰųȥɣһ˴һᡣ
׳ҳȥˣ֪ûд㣬϶һϣǴžͲˡ
û뵽׳һ㰮ģҶƽûȥҶ»Ҫ׳İһģõһЩ顣
֣ѽҶ͵ҽԺȣȻææȥ֧ҽҩѣһҶƽ绰һȴû˽ӡ
һǳż֪Ҷƽ᲻ĵ绰ʱҲ㱨ûʱӵ绰ʱҶƽæʲôأȻûĵ绰
һᣬָ֣Ҷƽһ绰ʱɳһֵֵ߽ңÿҶƽֻ졣
񾯺һʾС֣֣һ˳ֱ
Ҷǣģ֣ſھ绰ͷʵ
Ī˵˭ɳ
֣һҶƽһ˵ⲻҶǵֻ𣿡
ʲôҶǵֻɳˣ񾯲ͷؽ绰ˡ
Էҵ绰֣Ѹеǳ֣Ҷƽĺ룬ôȴҶƽڽӵ绰һ˵ɳѵҶȥɳˣ
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425 ͷ
һͷ֣ѱ˵һ飬ᵽҶƽ飬һҶƽ˼·110ָĲһ˭ӵľ֪ļɳ
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426 Сʱ
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427 Ĵ
ҽԺԺҽԺһСʿһ𣬳˰Ѻ󣬱ҪȥҽԺģСʿȴ§סȥҲǲȥҹ˽ʲô˼ʹ쵼ѵȲ
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ʱԺˣһ˵мί쵼æ˹Ҷƽ򵥵֣ȻһҶˣԺҶ֮ʾҽԺһᾡŬҶκá
ҶԺҶƽźͳһȥ·ϵʱ˲˵绰飬Ҷƽû˵ʲôżȳЧʵµ⣬ټ110ʱν
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к֮ѫŰѵ绰£Ȼ˼ҶƽἰĽ⡣
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428 ί
˼죬ҶˣҶһҶƽ֪רȥҶҶȺǿڣһҶƽæ˹
֪ҶƽˣϴԺæ˹Ҷƽ㱨ڵڿΣѾȹӦûʲôˡ
Ҷƽ߽Ҷ棬һҶƽҶı鿴ȥǳûб˿ûҶƽһ군ˡ
ҶƽʲôˣҶǲҶƽ˵Щģ׼˺úԼҶƽȴ֪Щ飬ֻð˵һ˵
ҶҶƽǸ߳ɵˣҲϴڲ̵ǸˣҶƽһ˵֪߳ϴαԺоԺѾˣ벻Ҷ
߳ɾ˵йϵڵί鳤ŷþֳ߳ôϵȻڴϿҲ̫ˡ
ǿʶʶҶƽ뵽ӵĻʵ
ҶһһĴƦӰ֪
Ҷƽһӵ˸ҵģ֮ǰû˵ûìܣ
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ҪҶƽҶˣҪ·ˣ;·Ҫ£ǽǱ˿ң˵ڻ
ƽллˣû㣬СͱˣҪǲУҲᰡ˵ڽɼ˳˳ġҶ۾ʪſҶƽ
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ҶҵⶼģܰҽһЩ⣬ҵǲȥˡ
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ҶƽܾҶҪǿԱ֮˵磬㲻ҪҶΪѣҶʲôǶ֪ģҪΪҶǣҲųñȨѵͲˣ
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һõæ汨棬־о˰죬ñҪץȻٳʲô⣬ոεľֳֻᱻߣ
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ȷҪԸ߳ץ֮־ֱ֯Աǰȥץ߳ɣ߳ߵĹԱͨ籨ţǰ֪ץϢ֮һա
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߳¶֮ʼʳ¶ڳ¶ιɳȽǿչȽѡ
ʼʳ¶ʱҶƽŮʿ֮Ĺϵ⣬ƯŮʿҶƽعͷĹϵ⣬ǰǱֵôˣԼȻЩģǹҪûа취ˣֻʩѹĹϵ⡣
Ůͬ־ĿѹǵһЩҶƽ£Ůʿ֮вԹϵ˵ⶼǿȵģԸġ
Ůʿ˵ȻΪԼÿζƵϣʵֹϵֻһͬôУ
һҶƽŮʿǿȵģϲˣ˵ãһҲŮʿ֮Ĺϵ
ЩС£ŵԱϸɸѡ֮ҵ˵ͻƿڣɹһҪбһҽ豸ӦϵУ⼸ҽԺٵҽ豸ܼ۴ң϶⣡
ЩίҵӦ̣˵Ŀ޷ƣ̯ʲô˾ھίԱӦڹ⼸ֱлʮԪΪ˳豸ҽԺҽԺֹܸԺŸ͹Ǯ
벻ˣԱϻ㱨ѫרȡ˻㱨Ҷƽ飬Ҷƽ͵Ļ㱨֮ѫͱʾϴεĲ̫һһҪ˹ǼίëãǾҪëãί
ѫ˵ҶƽͽеĲϣԶȡ˫ʩˣȻȵﷴӦѶȻӴ
ѫͬҶƽĽ飬пίίᣬо˲ȡ˫ʩоίͨ˫ʩ
ίһͨѫҶл㱨һ£Ҷռίίᶨķȥ죬֮ύίί顣
Ҷͬ⣬ίĹϿʼˣҶƽûκεĵ飬ǰҽԺмί참㡣
ʱʵѾܵΣί˲ϵҽԺǵŮʿļ⣬ʵʵʲôٻһЩԭΪĻ֧֣ĳίŻĻӣôڿĻûôȼί˾ûĻӣ
ҶƽҶƽϤˣغϵĽ֪Ҷƽ֮˫棬ѵĿûˣԭְֻɣڿɿ϶ûˡ
ڹӦ̵ĽǳҲûа취Ҷƽ֮£ֻó˻¸顣
ֻҪһϣͺðˣҽ豸Ӧ̻¸⣬һһЩҩ̵Ļ¸⣬ԼҽԺŮԴڲԹϵ⣬νԺֱһ嶾ȫԺ


437 ָ
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Ļı̬ѫ֮󲻽еЦϴε̬ȽȻͬǲǲͬίְĽںˣҪְֱƽ˾ɣ
·ҲǸеƣ벻ô飬Ȼüί˸ô⣬ǵδ氡
ҶƽӸ㶨Ժתȥ֧ԮǸӣ¶˱ȽѲӴȣýչֻԳʳ¶
ҶƽԼǰʱ򣬳¶ЩڣǰҶƽؽСӣ㵽ⲽأ˵ʱ̫ˡ
ôʲôģҶƽ¶ǰ˵
Ҷƽı飬¶һĬȻһ˵֪εùܲˣҲǹСӣڻúõģٱҴңˡ
ҶƽһΪ㣿һɳʲôεģСΥ참ӦģʹصͨգҲҪְǲ㣬ΪΥΥˣһɳôǮڲ鴦㣬ܶùȥ𣿡
ҶƽĻó¶һսҶƽѹ֮£ڿʼ⡣
һְǣˣ¶֮ԸôǮ֧йϵЩ鵱У˲ٵ档
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˳¶ĿڹҶƽûκԥѫѫû˵ͬȡ˫ʩת֮䣬籩˹֣ɾ⵽˼ί鴦
ҶƽʱһżίԱǰؼָҪйЧܴλ顣
ѾǵһˣϴΪ߲ιѧϰģʱӢϼӴ
˴ȴΪмίǼֳصģ֮󣬹ί֣ǿسκнӴϾҶƽǼֳίǺسҪӴͲá
ȻһͬҶƽĻؼίԶ֮ҶƽǲιӲ˹ЧܷĹί֣ǿϸһЩȥо
سκнϴҶƽʱǸίǣѾسʱ֣ǿһҶƽ档
֣ǿ˹κнҲĹһ£Ҷƽϸ˵ĹܣоκнӲ֣ǿȽºͣ˵ıоκн̫֣ǿίǷ
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Ȼ˰нǾҶƽǰֳʲô϶ӣֻľٶ֮ĹϵҶƽˡ
ָ깤ҶƽǾģκнȻ˵ϴ£ҶƽЦʲܲģκнæ˰ѲӢϼ
֣ǿκнǰҶƽʶе֣ҶƽʶӢϼ󣬱ø飬ܿغҶƽ˵Ż
Ӣϼڻ˵Ҷƽˣæ˹һҶƽ֮󣬾ͽ֣Цݡ
ŲӢϼӣҶƽоڵľ״̬ӢϼҶƽ֮ȻǳˣҶƽְٶ̫ˣתμίǣھȻѾļֳˡ
֣ǿκнҶƽԷѲֻ֣ǿκн˾ھҶƽغ
ںȾƵĵУκн֣ǿĴڣͣҶƽžƣҶƽȻܺȣǿͣԼȾƣҲмܲס֣ǿԱ߿Ȱ˵κнһ£κнȴǸǣҲӢϼȾơ
֣ǿоԼַܵһǰɫͱӢϼһ㼱æվ֣ǿȾƣԲһ¡
ҶƽȻǹ۲쵽ǲˮˣƽĺȾճС¶ôʱ䳤˿϶Ҫ⡣
ԶûжʲôɫҶƽоǿɣһìܣ޶Բϳ
ںȾƵļ϶Ҷƽ׼ӢϼһС̲סһҶƽ𣬲ӢϼͰѶ໥ûչ˳
һȥί϶ҪԹעģĸҲûгֵֹ
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ǰ֣ǿκнĹϵʵ֣ǿһƵίǣȴκнݣκнǿسȻʲôԼ˵㣬һ㵽һ𣬾ͳˡ
ҶƽӢϼôһ˵Ÿеⲻôļ򵥣еʱίҲûа취ӵ䱸ô뻯ǻġ
˽⵽ЩҶƽȻҲû˵ʲôӢϼһܸˣ۾ͣؿеҽԺŮʿӡ
ڹش˰죬Ҷƽִǰ˶أԼϼң˴һȥɼָҲһ˼ҡ
ίɾٺسһ˵ҶƽȻǸ˵ĲˣнӴصȻûйظӣɾٵǿҲЩˣɾٵƱȽϴⶫĵطʵɶͶ£ûжˣһŮͬ־ɲӽͬʱûԼİףǱߵ˻ɾٵİףһڶؼǹ˾Ҳûа취ֻܷƢ
ʱҶƽ֮ʵŵõҶƽ֧֣߿ϵúܺãһɾٿҶƽӣȻȥ߿߿ĻȨĳ̶ֳ˵໹˵á
֪Ҷƽмίܹչķǳ֮ǰҶƽڶҲץ˲ٵˣϣҶƽٰѷܵìͷأɾٵһЩץһץӶһɾٵ档


438 ַ
ɾٺ˶ԴҶƽǳ飬ҶƽȻҲ΢ЦԶԣûǵ֣飬ػԶ󵽵ûанʲ˵
ڵĶؼίǺ棬ûʲôرҪﶫصĴ󻧣һ󻧽һ鷳飬ܰѴ󻧸״򵹡
ڶشһһ㣬ڼҶƽ֣ܼ棬ѯйԶ飬֣͸ԶھػѰ֮ͷٺκεĶԶ˼ʹϵӣͷеѶȺܴ
֣Ļ֮Ҷƽ룬鴦ԶȨмί֣ѶȺܴ󣬿Ҫͷ֣һܲܵʲô
ڶڼ䣬Ҷƽصڶصļң߿ڸоҶƽмίǼֳĴڣͷ쵼ûвмӵģҶƽص˼ңҶƽ
֮󣬸߿пҶƽֻһϵƵʱҹ֣֪ں˭ϵôܡ
һ߿ɣҶƽһֱҪӣһֱûдӦ˫ĸĸżȻҶƽûôҲоĲ֮ˡ
ط־ӣҶƽͷ׻᲻أ
ɣǸ߿û׷ҶƽҶƽ˯󲢲֪Լֻڶ뿪˶֮Ҳû뵽ʲô
ص֮ҶƽȥԶ⣬ͻȻһ¡
Ҷƽİ칫֮ȥСģ߽ҶƽһݲϽҶƽϡ
Ҷƽùһй溣飬̧ͷ͵ÿһ°ͷȥȥҶƽ
ΪҶƽ֪޼ҵ֮ĶԹṩһй溣ĲϣԼ֮ҡ
ҿԼҶƽ¿ʱȴǷԶ֣ݲ˵溣ԶǱΪ飬໥ᣬ̹ʲڹعͬһӣרתƹʲС
ȻõϣҶƽǳ𾪣ṩĲ˵Ӳ֣ĳô֪ģ
ȻΪԸңɲӣһᣬȻһ̧ͷΣǴģ
Ҷƽ𣬱ǰ˵Ҷǣһֱڵ£Щ϶ԼѼģһЩǵ;˵һЩҾʵص֪ģӵʵʷʤ溣ĸ磬ʵʤûȨӣȫ溣Զ˲ӣȻͨػó׵ʽػʲתƵ棬ַǳΣΪ̹ʲ˹ˣ
һ㱨Ҷƽ̾ˣ벻ԭһ飬ΪҪ㵹溣˲ٵĹҪҪкʵ
ݲϵĿɿж٣Ҷƽһ䡣
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ȻǳӵĹɷݣҹһֱѳӽԶգѷдʤ֣ƾԶһֻ֣ҪܵӵʽԴԼľӪܲè塣
ĻҶƽоеˣʱûбʲô̬²Ϻȥˡ
֮Ҷƽ飬ݽֻһݲϣûص֤ݣǸӵһʲô뾭ʽĵȷϣݲҪԶ溣ȡʲôʩ²С
ҪҪҵһͻƿڣȥҶƽϴػѰȻһͻƿڣЩץػļвɲ϶Ӧ֪ӵһЩ飬ҵ֤ⷽݣĶˡ
֮ǰûⷽ룬ڵúúòһ顣뷨ҶƽְйȥػѰļˣʱһҪܡ
ֻǶ溣ҶƽȥԶȻоеʧ뵽Զ溣һģûκԥҶƽҪֻҪҶƽԸӣһʤ
Ҷƽİ¾ȥ飬⼸˶Ѿڼˣֻ뵽Щ£⼸֮󣬾͸ֻҪǰʵ˵뷨Ǽ̡
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Ӳʩ֮£ǾͰԶڹ賧˳ӵ֮ʱǳʽ𣬵֮󲻾þͰӵĹɷݸתøˣʱתõʱԷûаֽ𣬶ֻǩһЭ飬ȻͰѾӪȨ˳ȥ
ȥ֮Ӿػҵػҵܶ඼ӣڼ۸ϷǳŻݣȻ׬Ǯ½תõǮһǸӾȫ˽˵ĳӣ䵽˭ǾͲ֪ˣһèġ
⼸˵Ĺʣؼ¼¼֮ϽҶƽС
Ҷƽõ⼸ݿڹһֲַв̾ԶǴóǮȻת˽ˣȻйף֧֮תóӵĿ֪֮˽˵õһֵƵĳӣһ˻벻⡣
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ҶƽȥһӣȰӸˣȻת̣һûе¹ʲʧ
ҶƽĻѫ˼һ£ػҲһ֪ҵҪҵ»Ծ÷չӰ죬飬пܴڹʲʧίҪ쵼㱨һ²С


439 פ
ȡѫı棬Ҷ·˶еǳ𾪣̹ʲַǳеһµĻ˵𲻺õķӦȫôĹҵЩǴ̫ߣַתƹʲĻǻ˵ã
ػȻǶص֧ҵԶһֱֶ̹ʲĻӳҪ磬ܹ˼Щˡ
˶ͬ˶ƵľмίʵʩίҪ쵼֧֣ѫͽҶƽϡ
ҶƽѫķԸĥȥʵʩ£Ҫȥ£һȥڹĳӣԱҪϣһҪȥػԱͬʱҲҪϡ
ڹĳѾ˽˵ĳӣίٽפʣ»ҪǵȫһЩҪԱԵ·Ϊ⳧ӵĿͲƲȻɼίԱ顣
Ҫ뵽ȥҶƽ
ҶƽԱ˶أ˶֮󣬲ûǰػɾټһ棬Ͱί쵼ҪҪԶػƣкһ
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ԶĹϵɾɣҲû취ȥ׷ʴ£ҶƽкһͲˣҶƽֱӴȥƣҲûа취
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һҶƽҪɾپ͸оίǲҪ˫Զһ£Զһ绰
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ԶһҶƽͰˣԺ󣬱ɼίԱפػԶڹ賧йزϺĿ
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ԶΪʮ꣬ϴʶ㣬һ˴ΣϵӣɾٰԱ߻Ҷƽµǣôżؽйʲô£
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ҶƽڶصιίԶȻʶǹʵĶѣ֣е֮ǰ죬ΪҶƽָʹģҶƽ֮ȻǲּҶƽ
ҶǰôܲʶڰԶɨһҶƽ鲻мص
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ĸӰԶһ䡣
ҶƽȻǹǸӣǲǵġ
Զûлر⡣
Ҷƽôڻǲǳӵķֳ
Զ֮˵ӪЧ治ѣתˣҶǣЩʲôΪתʲô⣬ȥ飬Ըϵ顣
ԶȻ̹ȻҶƽһʱûϵһҪϵĻЦΣлϣͬʱѾȥ˲ˡ
ȻҶƽֵԶûϵˣԭί׼ˣΪֻҶƽһ飬ҶƽһһεĽûʶί˻֡
ԶȻضһ£ЦǸãܲʲô⣬ҲʡһĲǡ
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һҶƽ뿪ίԺԶһվˣ˵ڳﻹйƾʲô뿪ǣ˵仰Ҫ˫أҪʲô
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ɾԶĻֻתͷҶƽ˵һҶǣԣǲߣǲ̫Ǹˡ
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뵽Ҷƽ΢΢һЦҸղŵ˼ҲҪΣͰ˼һɣ
˳ɾٵĻ˵ȥҶƽʽԶɾһ˵ǲ˵ʲôˣҲǲߣ죬һȡ
ԶһҶƽɾƺһһͣеɾҲû֧ɾһۣ˵ǣǳ֧ҵ֮ǰҲûͨһϴγѰʱ򣬾ͶǳӵӪ˺ܴӰ죬ȥǳӽĿĵĵ飬ҵȥĻǳûӪȥˣίǣǳӿˣԺɲĹʷɱûǮ˰
Զ˵ɾ٣֧ԼΪ֧ҵλȻʮҪɾΪίǿ϶Ҫǣ˵һ̶ϴɾ١
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ҶƽƽػɾٵĻɾʶίûĿģԵģԶ賧⣬ӦǼί˲ʲôˣֲҿ϶Բר飬ȻûԿмίҪ쵼


440 
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ԶԼ޷죬ʱнͣȻ߾ͲˣҶƽܲʲô
Ǳ죬Զ˵ûʲô£û뵽˴溣һҪиʲôҶƽӾĿģַĹԣá
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Աæһ磬ҶƽԶһ磬ȵ绰϶ˣźɾ֣ʾԶԻȥˡ
Զ󱻿ίԺһ绰ûҶƽԻȥˣڳһʲô˵ˣ߰ɡ
һ߳ίԺԶæ峧Ǳߴ绰һ򣬲֪峧Ǳйȥӵˣ˹˾Ĳϡ
ϢԶе²ǼίжǱǹжʲôѵҪ
ԶоãҪȡԲߣȻһ¿ȥϷⱳȴǰ϶ʵҪȡǳ
һ룬Զϵ溣֪һ溣һԶı棬һԶǶ֧ҵܣһǲܵģھȻܵмίĵ飬и߲쵼ĻȻô졣
뵽溣ڹҶϵ绰֮󣬼æ绰Ļѯ֪֪Զһ£ĻͬǳһûеõκεϢȻҲõκεϢֻʲôҪ쵼֪ⷽ顣
ڲЩ֮Ҷƽ̰ԱӰӵƣ峧ǱͬҲˡ
Ʒ֣ػʱͶһǧԪ峧󲻾óӾͳתѣ벻ֵڰԪתø֮󣬳ȴ漣ػˣתõصһˣԪ֣ǵʱû֧תÿػͨķʽŵԽӪ֧Ǯ
˽˲һ꣬ҵǲģȴͻȻֽ֮İԪתָɶɶ֮ǰԲιɵķʽ뵽ӣһɶȻʤ
ʤڲػһͨĹˣôΪ峧Ĺɶ
ҪɶҲһǮûлģΪ֮ǰ˲ûнתÿػҲûǮֱԪתÿ峧ûл塣
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ڳӱ˽֮ػ佻ƵҴʾӪ峧ó׵ʱ򣬴ʵʸ峧峧ӽɺٷ֧ػͬ»ڼ۸Żݵ飬ػĴ֧£峧׬Ǯѡ
һ׬ǮĳȴͶʲһʱ䵹Ȼתøˣַʮֵĸп̰۹ĺۼ濴ȥʲôҲûУֻǻ˾Զʧ󣬵Ͷڹ彨ڽ쵼ǩֺ֧֣תù峧ʱʱηֹ쵼ǩͬ⡣
쵼һ溣һĻҶƽǿ˵ǩˣھƻϰˣָ⣬Զеأ
ǳеʧΣǳеΥ͵ΣΥΥͣоʧ⣬ԶռʲӰתóǾϷģ쵼ֵ֧ģɶûԶ֣Ψһɻľʤ֣뵽溣йأ溣йأ˵ʤĸΪʤʱֻͶһԪͶʶΪóӵԵʣҵ溣ͷϣ
ҶƽһоǳҪҵһܺõķ㲻ôס
ȥתóӵˣֻҵǸˣܲ鵽ʱΪʲôҪѳתøԼû⽻׵顣
ҵ֮˻᲻йص飬治˵㲻ֻһ
鲻ţǼ⣬ֻβ鴦ԶΥͣؼԶʧ¸ô˵ѵʧˣʧˣһ仰ͿԴȥûӦ׷ƣҵоӪȨȨǷǳΪҲҪܵͼ첿ŵļලǣ׷ԶΡ
Ҷƽһ£һ氲ǰȥǸõˣͬʱɶıһȥѫ棬һǷҪ׷Զʧ顣
ԺҶƽѸٻصУѵ鵽ѫ㱨һ飬ѫ֮Ҳе⣬˵ʲô⣬һǧͶʵڴˮƯȴ׷ԶΣҲ̫˸е˼ˡ
ڹҵҪӪȨǾӪȨӦʹʹԶ׸òýд
Ҷƽѫ˰죬Զемίʽ̸Ҫһʧ飬˵ʧˣ˵ǽѧˣѧһνôôѧ
ҪӾʧĽǶȽ飬Źˣ»ᵼ¸鷢Ǹʱȥ鴦Ǿˡ
ѫҶƽػ쵼ӳԱемί̸˽һµߵĻͬʱ鿴һ»¼һû˷顣
˼·죬ҶƽоӦȷģ鵽ԶһзҪĿҲҪһ֡
ҶƽЩ˽емίһһǽ̸ͷ쵼ӳԱͶʣΪûбҪܵǸطһֳͶʻôࡣ
ԶͶʣ֧Զ뷨γȶ쵼ԣԶһУٺܴѹ⣬϶ҪеΣ顣
ڹϣ溣ʱǳˣ溣ʱǳسֹ飬ԶһҵЭ£ҪҪͶʡ
溣ЭͬԶ쵼ͬ⣬ԶʲôĵģֱͶ£һԶǰθ˦һ롣
Ҷƽһٴ̸Զֱ˵ͬģôܰȫﵽҵͷϣ


441 ǰ
ڽ곧֮ΪʲôתˣҶƽʵ
Զ˵תһҲǾ쵼ͬģҸҲˣҪ׷εĻȥ׷
ؿһۣҶƽʵĸ쵼ͬģ
Զһ£˵ǵκĻͬģͬʱҲǾоġ
һԶ˵溣ĻģҶƽ͸оòԶô˵˵Ϊ鲻ʲô
̸һҶƽеԶĻһʱҲѱȷǱȽϼ֡
ҶƽеʱĹüĿһѰңҵ˵תһµǸˣǷϴ£Ϊ溣Ѫˡ
һҵҶƽҪҪ˴УǱ߾̣ȻҵҪ˳ĵ飬뽫˴ƲУ˲ǵԱν˼ǿдȴһ鷳
Ҷƽ֪֮󣬸оû֤֤ԶʲôĽףûԶ飬ûԶ飬ûǿн˸ߣǿа˼Ҵߣ»ǳ鷳Ļܾͻܱˡ
ҶƽԼȥһȻʹѫ棬ѫͬ뷨ְˣҶƽȥһ˱ȽϺʡ
ѫͬҶƽ뵽ҶĶҶΰ⣬ҵܷطϵڹĿչһ룬㰵ȥҶ񣬰뷨
ҶҶƽĹͻʮͣﶼܿسһƬأҶҵĺû˳ɫȻҶƽֶֻܳɳҲҶҵĺ󱲡
ҶƽĻ֮Ҷ̸Ҷΰһ绰飬öҶƽĽӴ
ԼĻҶΰȻҪӣҶƽ֮ǰûмҶƽȥǣûлȥ
˵ҶƽҪ룬ýӴ׼ΪҶƽԭһũСӣͻȻǼ˹ϵ浽ļٵģүүҶΪʲôҪô
ǲʹ죬ͻؾҶƽһˣҶƽ˴ǰҶĻǲּҶƽҲҶĻ
Ҷƽ֮Ҷΰӭӣڼһ棬ҶƽӣҶΰüͷ벻Ҷƽһ忡Ȼݸ̸¾ҹӲ
ҶãסҶΰ֣ҶƽƺҶΰΪҶܡ
Ҷΰ˰ֵʲôҶܣֵǣΰУұ꣬һҲС
ҶΰıȻЩư˵ͦģҶƽЦҾͽɣθ羭ǰ㡣
ҶƽᵽҶΣҶΰЦҪСӣСûٸ鷳
֮ǰҶƽ͸оҶζҶΰôðҶΰĻҶƽ֪ҶΰҶҲôĸðˡ
ҶΰҶƽ˵껰ҶƽŽһҸߵľƵڣҶƽ̸Ҫ鰸飬Ҫмίϣн
ҶΰڽӵҶĵ绰֮ѾˣΪҶҵĺȻԼԴ
ίβҶĲ£ҶΰβȻշҶΰϵһ£Ҷƽһβɼ档
βɽӵҶΰĵ绰ϣרųʱӼҶΰҶΰ֮βɺˬʵشЦҶΰ֣ҸߵƵꡣ
ҶΰЦβɽҶƽһҶƽβɾ͸оһҶҵӵܣ򲻻ִݵʣֻǰûмڼ˵Ǹеܾ档
Ҷƽβһ£оβΪίǣӾ̸ֹȷʵʡ쵼ƣβȻֻίǣһ;򣬾ֹίλӡ
βҶƽ֣ҶΰһӭѾźõķϣͬһǰ飬ǳǫ΢Цøķ
ҶΰҶƽЦ֮βɱкҶƽҶΰ¡
ΰְڻðɣβ֮˿ҶΰЦ˵
ҶΰЦҰְͦõģҲóʱûȥˣֻڵ绰ͨ绰֪
βɹЦ˵뵱ְһһζȥˣӣǾȤ
ҶΰǺǵЦҶƽһβɲ廰ǣҲһʱĲƸɣ
βҶƽȥЦɲզģһ־ÿһ־һֲƸͿοˣҲ˻ΪԼഺˣǿ룬ûѵǵഺģûеģ
û뵽βɻǰ˵ĻһֽȴǷǳеҶƽͣصͷš
ҶƽֹжȣͷβɲǶע⣬ҶΰҶƽ϶ǹԱʣҶΰھ̣һЩ̫ע˵Ļ
ϯ䣬Ҷΰ㽫ҶƽǰĿ˵һ飬һҶƽרŹһӣβɵȻǱʾ֧֣Ȼǹ£вȻǽˣΪйزŴϣҪβרŸйزŴк
Ҷƽβܰôһ¾ͷˣȻˣҶƽֻбʾлˡ
˷βȥҶΰ򵥵ҶƽһҶƽ˾Ƶ֮ڡ
ڶ죬ҶƽټԱһемԺйعԱԺ˾ţһڵĽС
׼ŵʱмίļίǼֳҴææظˣӵ쵼һҲҵؾ͸˹
Ҷƽ֮ʶһ£Ҷƽͨ˴ǰ飬мֳ̱ʾȫԸ֧Ҷƽ참
Ѿ˵ڵĵطֻǻûо³ʲô⣬زŵ֧֣ͿԽ˴ʻϳʲôͿԽС
ؼܲͻˣ˿ڳĳЩ飬˲ϣ黹ǲð졣
Ҷƽеļֳһ£侯һǰڵĹ˾侯˸ߡ
˿û뵽֮ǰôʱ䣬˽е飬ȵ˴İ칫Һһʱ֮ĿɿڴҪбǿô˽һ侯սʿһʱ֮Щɵˡ
Ǹʲôģ˲ɵվʵ
һ˰ɣмֳǰк


442 ˿
֮ǰûм˿֮ʲô飬еļֳȴǸȥ֪֮ˣ˵ʲô
ûа취ֻøҶƽһ뿪˹˾ܲмίİ참㣬ֻиʩѹ
˰참֮Ҷƽеļֳͬˣ˵֪ҶƽǴиʱϵıһӷһЩ仯Ϊطܾûȥˣǹȥ黹ĿͻȻطҵɵеķǳĽš
Ҷƽǿб򶨣ҶƽȻؿ˵мίˣӦ֪ǰĿİɣ
Ҷƽթһթô˵һ飬˵Ҳ֪ʲô£һϷˡ
ҶƽЦе㲻ô˰ɣڼȻҵ㣬Ӧʲô飬ʵĻǻῼǴᷢ䣬ⲻܵӰ죬㲻ʵĻھͰߣ㿴Ű죡
ҶƽĻ˿ʼﶯҡˣ֪ԶǱǲǰˣ֮ǰûκεϢڼίͻȻ׸ô죿
˵ǲ˵˵ĻԶǲйˣԶѾйŹ˵ôеξ͸㵽ͷϣʱˡ
˵Ļô᲻⵽ί׷˵ȽϸӣҶƽĹǣ͸˼빤ֻҪ⣬ʹᴦⲻ̫ܵӰ죬˵ĻôԸ
еļֳҲԱŹʵ⣬мί쵼ҲоοǶ㲻ȥˡ
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ЭǩԺû£һжԶ˲һְ꣬ԶҪ󽫳תøɶҲʤǼˡ
תΪһɺԶϵʮԪ뿪ƣҪٳ⽫¶󣬻𲻱Ҫ鷳
о׬ǮҲˣԶҪֻ뿪УǰıչֱҶƽҵ
˵ĹҶƽ϶Զ̹ʲɣȻˣǾûʲôˣҶƽһͬǰһˣЭһµ飬ܿͻӦġ
һҶƽҪȥЩԸ⣬ҶƽĻûּۻ۵ء
һҶƽ뿪лصƣһƣǰȥѫ棬ѫһйˣô˫ԶѾ죬ίί㱨Զ⡣
Զʱ⵽мί̸֮Ҳڽţ֮󣬱ٰһ£ҲҵˣֻǳʱûϵˣһʱȴҲϵ˴˵绰ȴǶ֪
˰£Զûϵˣ룬üίҲһҵһ޶֤Ͳʲôˡ
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ɶûзʲô⣬ӦǹرˣڳӵľӪӰȫУȻҲǹһˣԶ˵ûκ塣
鵽ԺҶƽ˸棬ҶƽеĻµĹϸҲֻܰԶ˫ˣǶĻ溣ȴûκεɡ
ѫίί㱨Ҫ˫Զ⣬ĻһɫˣԶȥ˵ĻпܵӰ죬ֵʱ˵תõʱǲģҲǾоģԶھʧȻһΣǲ˾˫ν˵ĻţԶڶػķչ׳˺ͣڲΪһССľʧҪһӴҾ˫ԶҪǳء
ĻҪ֧Զ󣬲мί˫ˣ˵Ҳǹûʣѫ֮ͷԶйǲ۵Ĺ˵ĹмĿԣ̹ʲַǳκ;ԻԣķĺǷǳصģڲ鴦ˣԱٳƵ飬ѾǾʧˣصΥΥ͵ˣĻһֲ֧鴦Զ󡣡
ѫĻԣĻ˵˵ģ˶ԶɱˣҾⲻܣʱԶת˳ӣǸоûʲô⣬ȴ˵ǿƣⲻڴԼ𣿡
ѫɨһ۵֪Ļһߣи񣬵ǴֿԵģⲻǴԼ⣬ʵǵ⣬ǽΪǿܸԼҪĶ࣡
ѫĳίͷȻĻϵУԸ뵽ȥûĻһ£·ĻûмվһȻҲǲΪԶ˵
ĻѫֲϷֻϢģһһˡ
ҶܽҵķԣͬмίԶʵʩ˫棬Ҫ峧תùеĹʲʧ⡣
ίɢԺѫͰѹҶƽϣҶƽȻ˰
ʱԶػ飬Դӹ峧鱩¶ԺЩѣ࣬˴뱲ӣ̫ԼһǮΪȻȴǲԼģ֮Ҳˡ
ӵһԼĳӣô֮󻹿Լȥ뷨Ժܾˣ֮á
ڵóѣʱһ˷һЩ⣬õĻҲû˹£ڿЩѣüί˸ˣһǱȽϽҶƽ
ջճһҲûУĻ̨ϣܱһӣĻأü׼


443 ҵ̨
Զڰ칫ʱѾҶƽָʾ˶ػίԱԶİ칫ҡ
Զһǣòᣬǲûˣôո̸
Զһʱû뵽˫վΣǸʲô
ؿԶǷмί쵼ǰ˫㣡
˵ʲôԶʧɫһ̱ϣֵ˵
ӣû˵˰ԶȻܽ׼õĳڣѸʻȥ
һֱ溣ڻֻ˫ԶԶĿеõй溣Ĳϣֻܲ鴦溣
ҶƽڸԶİӣҶ߳ùֵ˸ץˣ¶˫󣬲Ĺϵ⣬ҲѸ߳лߵˡ
ıץйֳ費κεԥȥˣֱԱ߳ɸץ񣬴ӶɹƻҶһ
߳ɽȥ֮ȴֱӹܵǿָʹ飬Աһ±ȽϴΪǿ˴ǿóŵĶ³һĻֶӣȴ˵ָܵʹ߳ɵĻŲţ
һӱҲǸеͷˣôǳ߳ɲûˣðǿµ׸ô죿
ǿϵĺϷݶ࣬Ÿ߳ɵĿڹ϶ǲУҲҪܣǳҪ鷳
Զ˫֮ӣ֮ǰҶƽԶ̸˻Ҷƽ֮ԶһԲҶƽƺˣüί˴ְ참㣬ѡʱˡ
ӦΪʲôɣҶƽԶһʡ
Զ̧ͷҶƽһۣףҵѾ̸ˣûʲô˵ˡ
ҶƽһЦûʲô˵ˣǾ㿴һ¼񡣡
һӣҶƽйƵ¼ŸԶһۣҲԶһۣһۣԶסˡ
һִʧɫı飬ҶƽӣصǼίץˣίίᶨģ㲻ҪŻܴ߳ȥֻʵг·
ԶȫڷŶ˵ĳЩˣί˲ץˣȫ̫ģ˵Ԥʾ˽ˡ
ҶƽԶ̸껰֮ԶʵйصʵûнΪֹҪ֪Զ溣Ĺ
ԶûŰ溣ϳĽԸڵĲ룬׷ʹ޷ʤɵ⣬ͬʱʤΪЭԱҲߡ
ʤı飬溣ʼеΣˣΣּΣʵΣˣϾ溣İ֣ȻʤԲ˵
溣еΣͬʱⶫͬҲܵΣǼΣȻ溣һЩ飬Ǽͥһӣľ棬޶ԣһȥĻĻеΣⶫ֮󣬱ⶫ溣򶨣Ҫʧ룬ǰźãԽǾʧ룬ԽǾ治ʰ
Ļûṩκεİⶫȥֻȥ˳ˣ˳ί֯˳飬ⷽ˳ܰҶ˵仰пת
ⶫò׼˳̬ȣ˳Ժȴ֧֧˵˳ֹӣ²ŵʲô顣
ⶫûа취ֻðԶµ˳Զ£˳Ȼֻ֪ⶫʲôϵ
ⶫ룬溣Ȼ峧ߵ飬˽˸£׷ϵΣ˳һԭ飬֪ǰˡ
溣ҲżʮĽ˳Ȼεﵣ֯Ƿ쵼ͬµĸ黹ڣ֪ⶫΪ֤ʧ鲻׷ˣֻ׷ԶΥΥ͵Σ溣ֻܵƭѡ
һ˳˵ⶫо˳ˣ֪溣䵱ɫɫ˳˳ο⣿
ԥ˰죬ⶫûаĽɫ˵˳û˻ȥſģҪ¡
ⶫȥԺͰ溣̹ʲ鱨ҶƽԶ˵ϣҲʤڼίڼĹʤȻ溣ֵܣֵĻиסʤֻһũļƣһغˡ
ʤϣΪɶܵ溣ָʹѣÿ곧ӵ棬ò溣ȡûйϵһж溣⡣
һй溣ˣ溣ǳһ˵ʤˣһⶫȥһǴżֽǰʡǣͨʡĹϵƽ¡
û뵽ǣʡԺͨмʶһƭӣƭ˵ܰ¸ƽƭõǮԺˣ溣ʱѾˡ
溣һʱ֮䲻쳤̾Ⱑ֮ʱмίʡҵС
˫ܵƭƭǮµĴһмίѺ㽫һ֪Ϊ¶ƭȥôǮίҲǸ̾ţȻæ˾ùǰȥץƭӡ
溣һ͵˽Ǯջ£Ѿݽˣһ¸ٳ⣬û뵽Զ󰸵ǣ֮£мίûзŹ
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Ҷƽû溣棬Լû溣򽻵Ҳʲôؼ溣ȥԺܿˣûз̫£ҲûбҪȥ溣ȥ̸ʲô
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ΪĵǣСҲмίĴȥ˻껰֮СȻֱ˳ȴҲܽţ֪Լ᲻ᱻ¶
ʱҶƽѫĻ£ȻСӱ˳ȥǲǻ֮ƣйĻ⣬溣ԶѾˡ


444 Ļ˫
ĻΥ͵飬ѫҶƽ˵ȻûҶ㱨һһҶİ칫ҡ
ѫҶƽ˽Ҷһָ£ҶǰҶʱȻǹģԺҶƽȰѵ鵽Ҷһ¡
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ҶڶĻ˸һǳջһĻп永üͷҶƽ˵֤ܲȷ䣿
ѫĻСӺ溣ֵһڹ峧˸ɶʵĻĻڲûչȫ飬˵֤ݾȷˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ɣ̸̸ȥʡί㱨һ飬ǾиܷӵĴڡ
ҶĻѫҶƽ˵ף˾ǰʡʡί쵼л㱨
Ҷ֮󣬱֪ͨĻһĻ̬ȣĻ£ôͿϴ£Ǿͽʡίɡ
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ĻҾ޴£Ҷǲţüίȥң鲻ʲôһҪ׷Щڮҵˣ
ĻĵӣҶ֪ûٺ̸ȥˣĻϴ£ϣ̸ͨͺð࣬ڿû̬ȡ
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˵Ļ㱨ʡί쵼ǳӣɳУ֮мίԱܽе顣
ʱⶫְ˱仯溣ΥΥͣⶫΪĶȴǴû֯Ͻб棬Ȼ䱾˲ΥΥ͵ѾʺϵҪְˣϾ֯һְλ̫ҪԱҪš
˳ڶⶫչˣо֮ⶫпƼֵθֳⶫᣬȴǱһԵĲţԺ;϶ˡ
Ҷƽ֪֮󣬲ûʲôоⶫ֯͸õˣ溣£ⶫ;϶ҪܵӰ졣
ⶫְ񱻵֮ĻҲòˣʡίȥ֮󣬱ʡίҪ쵼˻㱨
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Ļ׼ȥ֧ʮ򣬵ǻûеȵǮ֧ȥʡί˫Ѿǩˣ׼öʮʱʡίҹͷļｫˡ
ʡίԱʱĻ˶ˣۿҪƽˣȴʱˣеʮֵİûڡ
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Ļ˫֮ҶƽúõϢһӣǰһæڸְ참ʵ۵òᣬ绰ԼһԷ
֮仹ûһ𵥶ԹרԼԷҶƽһʹӦˡ
طǳӣҶƽ¶΢Ц֮ƺĲ˰Ļ𻨣ȻְĻ𻨷ǳΣգЩ̲ס
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ȵҲ߽ʱͻȻ룬Ҷƽ˵һҪʲô˵ʵڵģƽʱһҲãڷ飬ǲҪ
һ룬ҦӢôܸ֪ĶһҷϣûãҶƽŻʲôҶƽſǶصĸسһÿ


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447 ѡ
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448 ίͨ
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451 
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452 ̬
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κнûгƺҶƽΪǣǿȥʮеسƺҶƽΪƽͬ־ĸɲǸеκнϿҶƽίǣӳƺҲܸܵ˼
κнĻ֮Ҷƽûиеʲôù˷磬㿪ʼ𾴵Ųκسͬ־ǣǳعؽȻ֣ǿİȫظĹίȷ쵼£ȡ˺ܴĳɾͣҪ鹦ȫعɲȺڵĹͬŬίιίǣش󣬳ϻ̳Ͽ֣Ҫǰ֮ͬʱҲҪӰδԸޣȴ֯Ωίȷ쵼£ȫعɲȺڵĹͬŬ£ְ㡾ְأ࣬ŽȫӳԱΧίȫ濪ع¾桭
ҶƽһĽ׼˺ü죬ȻκнͷֳܲκнκεĲ֮ڽԼţùľģ˷еףǹصίǣһ֣ƶˣҪŽᣬҪչ˭ΪУΪУҲҪﵽԼĿꡣ
ҶƽĽĸɲǸеλίˮƽͣȣҿȥҲʮֵǿƣԸ̫ƽٵˣҶƽһ˵ĻǱҪ濼ǸȥӦείˡ
κнϸҶƽĻȴЩΪȻƯĻ˭ὲ֣ǿʱǽҲܺ𣿵ôƱˣ
ڹٳϹؼʵûʵƯҲûã粻˶ֲˣֻܵ˵ĳЦ
Ҷƽѻ꣬κнҪ̬ˣñֳһַί̬УĿ᳡һɨһǹһֵĸоһɨĸɲ̰Ŀ⼯еϣҶƽǸеһ㽣κнȴʵ
ղţίľŲһʮҪĽҪǴѧϰŲĽܽҪҪ㣬һ֣ǿصӰ죬֣ǿΪίһ֣ȴ˽½˻¸Υ͹˷ǳӵӰ죬ί˴ǼӵίڶҶƽͬ־صίǺʵģίһҪӵֻмӵίľǵĹȡýŲǹصĹԭί֣ǿĴ쵼صһЩûȥԼеǳ⣬һί쵼һҪץסѸȥֻйˣܵίϿɣܵȺڵӵڴ˱̬һҪѾùãǱְĹƽͬ־ϤڹϣǴһҪְøԵĹʲô⣬ǵһҪ׷ûκء
κнһ̬ܽԣȻŶ˳𾴣ȴǼԼ˽ģȲǿ֣ǿ飬ίǵãҶƽ룬ͬʱίû£֣ǿ쵼ĽۣԱ֤ڵسڼ쵼ȷ󣬶ı̬Уֻһһί쵼ûҪΧίΧĻĸɲҪ˾һ֣иûҶƽĴڡ
κнЩ˳üͷκнӲСֹĳ϶ҶƽȻһɢǸҶƽ£
ĸɲκнĻеͷ»κн˵㣬ҪСˣôκнʵǿҶƽûʲôף˿ίͷʲô˭Ļ
Ҷƽϯ̨ϣϸκнÿһ仰Ҳеһѹκнʸʵǿһ˹Ļǹ˾Ŀǰ¸οչԼĹҪúõسﻮһˡ
κн껰֮󣬻ʽɢˣκн΢Ц˳ĺ棬еԼĽǳãҶƽѹסˣίΪίôҪ˵㣿
κнӣҶƽûжʲôɫڻֻǿʼҪԼΪУǾƺãԼӵίĻȨȻһʱʵǿֻҪԼ뷨𲽶𼸸غϣͿԽƷ
˳Ҳ۲κнһۣ֪ʱ˼ȻԼûдﵽҪЧĻֹۡ
뵽˳רԷҶƽһᣬʾίҶƽ֧ȡ
κнҶƽһ˳ԷڳԷʱκнǻԾһҲûҶƽʲôֵ˼˳˵ǰҶƽʶ˳Ҷƽ֮ܺκ⡣
˳ȴⲻô򵥣ҶƽҲʶڹϲԼ˽³ȴԼܣֻ˵Ľƻ
ǸȫظɲģĿѡ񣬶˽³ȴԻҶƽ˳ģСѵԻסҶƽ˳


453 ˳
˳ˣҶƽκн˸Ҳȥֻǳ˹Ҷƽ档
Σҵİ칫ǳ˹Ҷƽһ
ǳæ˹ҶǣҴȥ칫ҡ
Ҷƽ˵ͷǳĺ棬ί¥¥ͷһ䣬ǳ˷ţҶƽ˽ȥ
Ҷǣԭ֣ǵķ䣬ǰ칫Ҹʰһ飬ⲻǳҶƽܵȻƺ֣ǿΪ֣ǡ
Ҷƽûʲô߽ȥԺĴһ칫ԵñȽϴװرȽݻڵİ칫ҺһңŪʲôУʵ칫Ҳһ칫ĵط𣬸Ūôݻ˸оǶĶѾԽ˱ʵĶˡ
ɽŪߣŪߣֻŪߣ¡Ҷƽһᣬָָ칫һЩǳŪߡ
ǳҶƽȻϲװƯİ칫ңе֣Ҳʲô֣ǿӰ죬Ҫôݻİ칫ˡ
õģõġǳ̴ӦȻ칫ҵԱҶƽҪߵĶȫߡ
Ҷƽ֮Ҫð칫һָ칫ҵıʣͨԱİ칫ûʲôһ쵼İ칫ȴǷḻʣһ칫ʲô֪ʲôˣȻ֢ҩʱһܲԼİ칫ɶûУΨһɼֻ˭ܲµóƽʱİã
ǳҶƽİ칫ҸźãȻһԿҶƽûʲôԸҶƽһ˵ΣЩĹ
ǳίΣֹֻίĹȫصĹֻ˵˽⣬˵̫ҶƽʵһҶƽһ¡
ǰصĹһǼƻƶڹѾȫеĺȣ㲻пһƱʹˣһǾùȫ˼ĿҪһƶȻһĹĹǾٸɲ⣬֣ǿڵʱҪֵģ֣ǿκнìܺȥ¸õڣҲҪ
ǳĻ㱨Ҷƽһ룬û˵ʲôǳ˳ȥ
κнڻɢȥԺȥϲ̸һ̸ϲ֪Լ⣬޷ҪԼ֧Ȼԭ֮н飬ڻҪ̸һ̸ýͬˣԹҶƽ
ϲҶƽĹ۸лڻҪ۲Ҷƽصľ֣κнйͬ棬·ҲˣκнϵУκнҲһĳͻϾ˴ΣڹطκнʵҪ۲Ҷƽı֣پȥҶƽ׽ôҪ֧Ҷƽһ£ԱȡԼ档
ڱϲӦκнҪκнˣԺȥЭϯίϵЭϯһûŪسһְʵȽѻ𣬶κнسԺ˼ȫ׬Ǯȥˣκнϣչ࣬ʱһθ̫κнҲ޷κнѾǱϾ֮䳤ںӸ˵ҪκнȻҶƽֵطǳ𾴣ҪϲһҶƽô
κн֮󣬵ŵһЩ棬һĶˣʾȫ֧ĹҪʲôĵġ
ϲ˵֧֣κн࣬Ȼְѳɻ·ȼĸ˹ַԸһ£֪ôһҪҶƽͷУֻҶƽͷŻ֧һ£ȹһؾҶƽͺ֣ǿһƽߡ
κнһѾţ۲ҶƽĶҪҶƽίԺôȻټС
ҶƽԼİ칫ŽĿչκнڻ᳡ϵıǲԼ˳ίǵģκнڵƱȽϴ󣬶Ϊûܵίﻹ֮£ٲʲôĳͻֻἤìܣһǳεľ棬Ȼ뼱մ֣ȻԼʩʩһ򲻴
κ˶ûͷۣξԲ£Ĺеóľ飬μҵػǳĲûֲػͲܳɳ׳
뵽ҶƽоҶĻ˵÷ǳã˹һҪŽˣֻŽˣ׳ԼܰԼĵ˶ŽˣǸһֱ¡
Ҷƽһ˼·оĿǰҪ£ܽ˳⣬ƣ˳Ҫ˳κн⣬ȻԼίǣǱϾκнϣԼӽʮ꣬궼ʮˣԼ˳⣬Ҳûʲôо׵ģֻ˳ܽ־־¶ӶԼմ֡
ڶƣκн˶ƴͷܶಿŵ쵼ˣЩ˽ΧΧԼûչ˶ڵҪ뷨ֻҪκнƣκнҲûʲô취ˣҪ˳ѶˣҲҪһһȥ
˼·ؼȥʵ˼·˳Ҫô˳Ҫֻ˳⣬վȽŸʹκнֻǱ֧Ҳ
ҶƽΧһ룬֣ǿոշκн֣ǿǳ⣬֣ǿ֣ǿڹصӰ죬κнȽ⣬ͬʱҲԼȨǼίˣ֣ǿֳ࣬һǱڵãöֲС
Ѱ칫ݻҲһίҪҲһµģڲκнʵȨ󣬽ȨȻץһЩʵʵ⡣
֣ǿһһҪֱκнؽĸҪҪǰӲ칤
ǰӲ칤һַŵ̬̬ķŵκнٶԼĵ⡣
ҶƽһľģΪί֮󣬲ʹίǵȨȥټίίᣬҲûרŽĸίίİ칫㱨ΪĻκнϷ֡
ڶ죬Ҷƽǳйǳܹ֪֮ʲô£λίЩ͸ԴΪڿĻǾһ裬˵ĹϵͻǴһ
ΣǱϵһ£һҪȥҶƽǳһ۷Ը
ǳһһʵ֪ͨ𣿡
Ҷƽԣ֪ͨ죬Һκسк
ǳһҶƽҪκн绰һҪǱȥҶƽ⵽Ҫʲô


454 ̸
ûü飬ǳ㼱æȥϵ죬Ҷƽκнһ绰κнʱڰ칫ͻȻӵҶƽĵ绰еǳ֣һ֮ҶƽЦǱһ£̸һ̸Ĺ⡣
ҶƽҪ̸κнûϵʲôĻӦίԺҶƽǣҶƽȴҪǳʲô⣿
κн绰תһ룬ϲ¶ЦݣҶƽܴԼͷίǣȵͷǵ˴ЭǱȰһݣ˼һ˵ͬ
һſϰϣκнд˵⣬Ҷƽһݣ͵ڳǹصϴȫصĸɲ˭ɫ£
һ룬κнҶƽίԺ᲻ĵֻ࣬ҪҶƽһЩҪ⣬ĴȨҲûҪҶƽȥͿҶƽαˡ
ηӵǳĵ绰æܹ֪κнκнʱѾҶƽĵ绰󣬱һ󣬷Ժʹæȥˡ
绰Ҷƽһ룬ȻǳϳһʻԺԺ֮ǳΪκнӭӣǵַֻ֮վ¥ЦſҶƽ
ǳüͷһ壬ҶƽίǣκнسҶƽ̸κнȻ¥ӭӣӰڵ̫˰ɣ
ǳеˣҶƽûʲôκнȻڼӾںˣһ֣Ҷƽƽ߽칫¥
¥ҶƽһңҶƽ߽ȥԺ󣬾ͺǳ˼κнû
ҶƽüͷҲ¥ӭӿԣǶһףԼˣȴ֣ѵκн˿ԼίǷ
Ҷƽһ룬Ťͷǳһ£ǳӦһ߳ȥһ绰ȵʱκнڳˡ
κнһֱЦֵ߱ƽǣ˼ղŽĵ绰и̹ңһᣬˣ
Ҷƽվ΢΢һЦ˵нس̫ˣһԹΪأһǴ㹤ˡ
лκнǺһЦĻһ˵㲻ϣӦʾ˵ǲǣ
ҶƽЦнسίҺһӣǶҶ˵һΣίӣȻǰ೤Ͻ֮䲻ֱ˴ˣ㵽ȥҵΪһͬĿģǾǰίǵĹãϰҸҪ˵ǰɣ
Ҷƽһ˵κнһ£ȻֹЦƽǣ⻰úðҾͽˮƽƽߣأˣֻһЩʵʹίҼר幤سҪһзίָӰ
κн˵ȥҪίҶƽʵڱԹίİţҶƽ˼Ц˵н磬нس̫ˣҾͽнɣ˵仰̫ǫˣˮƽʵʹҪǿңڹصܸߣؽĹҪǹͬŬǻҪΪίҪõͿˣڵϣҪϴ̣Ҫ̼ĹϣϴҪߴͽ̰
ҶƽƺκнΪ磬κн˱ȽطϢȽŨҶƽһףƺΪ磬һǴĸоҶƽСᣬʶʱ̹һһƨǺѵõˣ֣ǿôǲ֣ǿΪеס
κнЦҶƽֵƽϵܣҾͽһϵˣ곤㼸꣬һЩʵǵ˵ˮƽ²СϵܰȻίһӣǾһԵֻ֣ҪŽһʲôã֣ǿǹ֮󣬲˽Ϲָӣȫûƽϵˮƽ
κн֣ǿǹڻҶƽ׽һЩҶƽЦЦû˵ʲôǺ̸˹ϵ顣
ǳԱߣҶƽκн֣˵ܣԻѵҶƽҪκнһƬҶƽκнһƬǹصǾκн˵ˣΪصĸɲ඼κнЩϸҶƽίǾͳ˿ռˡ
˭ҲԸ⵱ܣҶƽᣬǰ;ܴҪǵ˿ܣڹػʲôΪ
ǳһЩף֣ǿ˹ҲһΪκн⣬û˦۰ȥɣĻ䣬˸ܣ˸͵¼κнȥҶƽǺãصĵһ¾κнֵˡ
ǳţع㲥Ӿֵļߴ˽һˣǳվǽӰ
κнû뵽㣬תһ룬ҲãҲôҶ֪Ҷƽͷ顣
Ҷƽͺκн̸ļ⣬һǼƻҪٿȫؼᣬйһļҪĿҪжӿ칤ȣǰһκн˭⼸ҪĿҪԼҶƽû⼸Ŀ˼ȻһǸֱԱ⣬⵱ȻκнΪĵ⣬ҶƽκнҶƽȫ飬Լѡȫ˳ҶƽûʲôȫĽ顣
һҶƽĴڣ棬κноҶƽвûʲôرĿģҪһƬϣԼ֧ĹȻҶƽҲûбҪҶƽһЩӾˡ
̸һСʱ̸Цԣĵ÷ǳģҶƽߵʱκнһֱ͵¥£Ҷƽ˳֮ȥ
֮ǰ¥ӭγĶԱȣҶƽȥվԱС˵ϰ壬ʲô˼
˷һۣκнߵʲô˼֧Ĺ£ȻôͷҲܲ˼ӣϵ黹ҪͷһûҵķԸҪȥΪλǡ
û뵽κнôתˣԭǶµĲϵĲԣھҶƽһͻȻıˣҶƽһĹƣ˼ô̬ȥ۸˼ңҲЩ̫ˡ
κнôһȥִκϵֱһ绰κн˼Ǹ˵ˡ


455 һγί
Ҷƽ뿪ԺԺǳڳﲢûк˵ΪҶƽ֮ĹϵϤҲҶƽ⣬͸оҶƽǲ̫ˣϾᣬκнϼһЩˡ
ǳ˵Ҷƽ̶˵ﱸһȫؼᣬһзĽﱸһ½ڵίίᣬҪÿһίҪ㱨һеĹµί֯׼ãκнίʱҡ
ҶƽԸǳһµҶǣκسµԭ֣ǿڵʱвϰշӳǿҵĸɲʱ֣ǿǸ˻ȥҪ᲻ʲôⰡ
ǳԵĻҶƽøôʲô⣬ίˡ
Ҷƽǳ˵ˣоҶƽЩκн
ǳҶƽķԸȥ£ȻŵڶҶƽȥ˴Эȥݷϲ˴ϲһҶƽ֮󣬱Ц֣ҶƽһֺǺǵģϲǰȫһСı֡
˴İ칫¥ϲͺҶƽҶƽһЩ飬ϲͰһЩ˳̸Ĺʱϲһַǳ϶̬ȣҶƽеϲκнĹϵȽϺãǰΪκн˵û
ҶƽȻûж˵ʲôȻŵ̬Աߵĵ̨Ҳڸ񣬺ϲ֮Ҷƽ뿪˴Э
ø߸ߴ󣬺쵼ķ緶Ҷƽǰ٩٩̸ϲ̸ˣҶƽ̸ϵ飬Ҷƽ˼飬Ҷƽļš
ҶƽѯļصĿʱͱֳ̬ȣΪ⼸ĿϹչߣΪίҪӦǿ⼸صĿ쵼
Ҷƽһ˵͸оκнĹϵôȻǰ˵⼸Ŀûõ飬Ϊ⼸Ŀκнġ
ҶƽĻûбʲô̬Ϊ˵û⣬ֻܶ룬̬ñ֪ʵ˼߱˸ˡ
Ҷƽ̸껰֮󣬱ֵǰ˵ƽǣЭȫؾ÷չлᾡһģﻹҪʲôĿЭȫԸ֧֡
еĿȽϸȤҶƽЦϯ÷չҪĿʱϯ֧
Цһģұ岻ݴǡ
˵껰֮Ҷƽ뿪Эϣص̨ڲҶƽȥ˴ЭĹȻҶƽǺκнϲȥ̸ģǲϢȴҶƽ˴ЭӲ칤ҷֱȡκнϲ˵Ĺ㱨
һκн󲻽΢ЦҶƽͦעϵĹģǴӦԼö飬ϵ黹治ҶƽõʲôӲ죬ʲô㱨ûе£ص̨ˣƵпǲӢϼ¡
ҶƽڵﵱȻҲţŵŸ󶨵ģӢϼȫϣӢϼǼվһߵģ
֮ҪϢĿľôҿһԺ󣬰չ˹ǵ⼸ҪӲ˹ҴҿԿκн̸
ⶼϵĹȻϵĹǺҪϵĹҲ٣ûϵĹϵĹҲøɡ
һڣһҶƽҪӲ˽˴ЭĹϵ˳ԺȥλӲǱȽ˳ˣκнææȥ͵ҶƽڱݸҿҪȨ˭Ҷƽϲͷ¶棬ͷ¶ˡ
ҶƽææµµʾԼĴڣͬʱҲ֪ʵȨκнУڻнʱҪ˳չԼĹκнʲôͻ
һ֮ڣҶƽûʲôʵʶһǰѱ߸˾ˣҶƽȥмί֮һֱڶص˾ûнмίȥҶƽ֮󣬾ûٸ쵼ҶƽҪһɿ˾뵽˹
ڶǰ֣ѵ飬֣мίģֽ֪ԸⲻԸ⣬һ˵֣ѵʹӦˣ֪ڸһ쵼ǶôҪҶƽڵίǣпܵϸгʱֻҪɵúãٵӦҶƽҪмίҲò졣
Ҷƽ֣ѵҲǰװ׵ģҪһмί֣ѻֻһСԱڵ׼Ϊί츱Ρ
ҶƽֻǼ򵥵ˣأ˵ȻҲûʲôһ֮Ҷƽټһγίᣬȫ峣ίμӣϲϯ顣
ίĵһ̾Ǹί㱨ԼڵĹԱҶƽȫصĹίʼҪǻ㱨ίڵĹʵǴҶƽ㱨ģȻǳسɻ㱨ĹǴκн㱨ģκнسҶƽһҪԻ㱨
ɻ㱨֮֯ݵһһ˹㱨Ҷƽؼǻ㱨
㱨֮ҶƽܽᣬҪÿһλίԼֹܵĹ鼰ʱίί㱨ʲôЭͳ
ⶼճԵ飬ҶƽȥץЩ£ֻҪ˽һ¾ͿˣҪעԵĹоƻ
ڼƻʮҪʵһƱϴҶΣίֹУƻί𣬶ɸسΰ𣬸ΰίίҲϯ˻顣
ί㱨ȫؼƻ״ʹڵ⣬Ÿΰȫؼƻԭ˰죬Ϊƻ֮ûãҪԭΪҪ쵼ͬ־ûи߶ӣҪ쵼ͬ־һӣĹԱȻиıƻ棬Ҫ쵼ͬ־Ҫ߶ӣͳץ
ΰһһҪ쵼ͬ־ûи߶ӣ˵κнЩΰȻû˵ĸҪ쵼ͬ־Ҷƽ֣ǿֳ£˵ԭҪ쵼ͬ־Ǿˣΰڹѿ
긶ΰ̸ۣⷬҶƽЦŵΰسģҺнس߶ӼƻģƻҪΪܷܲͿΰسˣ


456 ĳ
ĿһκнٽӹҶƽĻЦԭ֣ǿڵʱ򣬸ǵĹƻרȥ㸯ȥˣǵļƻƽһһ¾о飬ΰسϵĵӺذǧҪҺƽǵ
˵ΰͶѹĿ⣬κнȻԸΰǳջ𣬵ϻò̬ҰȫƵΰϣƻٸɲãǸΰˡ
ΰ֪˵ĿģһµˣͦضֻҪƽǸ߶ӣҾܰãҪҸɣҹ˴ҵ
ΰģ֪κн⵷ĵר˵һ䣬ҪɵĻҶƽ֮ЦǺãΰس󵨵ȥɹҺнسȫ֧㣬˭ɣ㱨浽Һнس˴
ҶƽһһнسԳκнŽһĵӣ֪ΰղڰָκнȴ˵κнȫָ֧ΰ
Ҷƽ˵κнǲ˵ʲôˣΰǴͲӣٶ˵ʲôΰٶסţֻܵѿ
ƻоˣҶƽоһ¼صĿĹκнȴ˵ƽǣ֣ǿڵʱû٣Ǹ˲ٵ⣬мβĹ̾ģҿоصĿ֮ǰȰβ̸ˣ֣ǿشĸӰ졣
һκн˵ҶƽЦнسܺã֣ǿ̰۸ܲȫĨ˺ڣҸشѣȫص蹤̲ݻҪ֣ǿǵĸӰ죬ǹطĴþ棬ԶǣⷽҪﻮһȫصĴ飬Һнسڻ϶ҪβĿнس˵ĺãҪȰˡ
˳κнĻҶƽץԭмί쵼ץҲ򿪹һͻƿڣκнȻһֱ֣ǿڻǾ˳⣬ȻԼһЩʩ
κнᵽβĿʵ֣ǿĹ㳡ĿҲĿκн֣ǿ˳˺˶ĿĿ֣ǿϼȡģԾ֣ǿõĿκн֣ǿϵǳõǸϰ壬ԷȾϴɣãȻְȥ͵ģŵ֣ǿ˴
֣ǿһ˴޽㳡ĿϰҲű鴦ĿͳβĿκнĿľĿõ֡
Ҷƽûκн˽ģȻĿѾβĿȻҪ°ĿκнҪ֮ҶƽͬоĿٴⰲŽ̰Ŀɺá
κн׵ؾͰĿõУҶƽûЩ飬ЭϯҶƽĻ֮ȴЩˣĿκнռˣκнӦԼּĿκн
ϯ쵼ֱӿ˵ҶƽȻ쵽κн֮䲢ܣڻֱ£κнĻɣκн֣쵽ԼһɣһɣԼַԼ裬ĻͲƿˣڱ뷨ԻԼĿģһжκн֮ìȻٲȡֶΡ
κнϲ֣ΪһҶƽڿҶƽһжҪҶƽûʲôɶԸģ涼ŪԼϣҪϲİæˡ
һǣڽоصĿʱκнȫԼˣó֮ҶƽίίͷκнйϸǳȻκнһϵˣίΣҶƽûԣҲ㷢ӢϼͬˣΰȻκнʲôìܣǳίֻϯίоƻ
һίǴ඼κнҶƽ־棬֪ڻκн⣬ԼȡʾĲȷģʾסκнȻ취վ档
Ҷƽû˵һۿ۾ƺ˼ʲôɫÿһ˵ΣϯҲһĿҪҲ˵һ˵кõĽ˵
ϲϯ飬൱һּΪ˴Э߳٣ҶƽһγίᣬϯһһĿչҲǸܵҶƽǵأϯһ²㷢
죬Ȼ뷢ϲ֮ϲҲûԽȥֻκн̸ۡ
Ҷƽһ˷ϲЦŰڰֵûʲô˵ģʲôҪǳģǿԳ
ϲԵúκнϵУκнµĿһݣ˵ʲôȻԭκноϵκн֮ǰӦûж֣Ҷƽ˵ܲ˵һ˵
һ۾˵⼸Ŀ־ԵЩ̫СˣһͶʵʽ٣Ǹ㽨ҲһЩ⣬ĿչôҿⷽҪע⣬ЭҲһЩҽίصĿƽС飬Э⼸Ŀ裬˴ЭȲŶԲ룬ĿٶȶһȽϺõ顣
ϵطĿΪ˽κнľ֣ҹҶƽҶƽĿĴ֣Ȼıȡ棬Ҷƽº϶øм
κнһ⻰۾ˣԵԣϼһԽԽȡôˡ
κнȴûκΰ취ΪڹҲǵطһ磬öಿŵ쵼ģа˰֮Щ˶ǿɫ£ŪˣԺ̫þˡ
ĿͿҶƽκнֱҶƽ⣬ֻҪҶƽͬ飬û˵ˡ
Ҷƽʱڼҵ˼ţκнпԸ⿴ģκнпΪ⣬ͬĽ飬ôκнˣж󣬵ֻһ˾Ӷߵ쵼ʩչԼļƻĿǰҪƿȫصľ棬Ҫƿȫصľ棬Ҫκн֧֡
һȨ⣬ҶƽûΪκнпеϲֱӱʾ֧ĻκнȻһԼĳ⣬һκнĹϵˡ


457 Ҷƽƿ
ҶƽϣûΪԻԼ˫ۣһۣЦ˵ϯǳҪЩҪֻҪǹдʲô⣬ǶҪ˵ֻǵĹܲϵȡý⼸صĿĽ⣬ίĿǰ˵ûбҪͳһЭнسͿˣȻˣĿƽȥڸ⣬ôί⣬ϯȻˣҽӦκϯλͬ־ȣ뵽ȥΪ˴Э룬ͬ⼸صĿãнس˵أ
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ԭ⼸صĿȫԼУڿǳԸ⣬ԼͬҶƽִǾΪˡ
һ룬κнЦƽǵã˴ЭලĿչĿƽҪ˴Эļල
ϲȻҲ֪ղὨĿģʱҶƽκн˵ĻЦල㲻ϣǲԸ뵽ģϯԸ룬ҾͬˣʲôнԹܷԸˡ
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κнͬ뵽Ŀ࣬ϲĻñԼĿģñ˵ʲô
ϲЦЦû˵ҶƽԼ֧֣ȻҲûȥ˵ʲôκнҲǲ˵ˡ
صĿĽоκн˶ջϿҶƽʲôûеõȴ᳣ίеҶƽųίĽ࣬նľҶƽĽ飬ͺѵˣڳίϵĸԣҶƽֻñǣűߡ
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ղžеκн˶Ƚ⣬Ϊ˶ɵãȴµЩõˣФϣκн϶ˣФϣܲˡ
Ҷƽ˵µ֮ǰҺнسͬоˣûʲô⣬ǼȻᵽ⣬ҲҪ߶ӣҽ鳣ίԭͨٲ鵽ФʲôĻֱԲ鴦Ƿвͬ
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ίһһЩίͿʼ˽ҶƽĳίϿȥȷʵκнһҶƽȫҪ󣬶صĿУµȫκнһϵĽ֣˭κнʤߡ
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ڻɢԺϸط飬ίǣһʸسȻûϣ´εϣҪسҪίǵ֧֣Ȼ֪Ҷƽڹܸɶ೤ʱ䣬ǴӽҶƽıҶƽֲκнȻҪҶƽȥڿκнҲҪҶƽֲ֧ܵõҪõ档
һҶƽյصһ֧ɺӵˣҪעҶƽάϵùϵӶȡԼ棬ȻκнһìܣҶƽϵûдãίǵͻᱻˣӽ뿴һ㡣


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ҶƽһҲڹ۲ҶƽʵҶƽʵǿĻ϶ҪҶƽùϵȻҲκнҶƽʵܲĻûбҪҶƽʲôϵˡ
һҶƽȻᣬǶԾƿǳǿκнǿĶ֣ܴӦԣìܣһûУʱգص¿϶Ҷƽġ
һ룬һƣҪҶƽùϵȻȵҶƽչشȨʱͻᱻˡ
ڳίոտ֮󣬶ӱҶƽİ칫ң㱨ˣЩֻвӢϼ죬Ҳʲô㱨ڶȴʽ㱨ˡ
ȻίϣҲ㱨ˣԹҶƽ㱨ǲһԹ㱨ǶҶƽһأͬʱҲҶƽһ׽
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κнڳίɢԺȻǱȽ㣬Ͼ϶ҪˣֻҪһЩ룬ܾһ㲻ԣҶƽڳίϻ֧˾ûһЩô£һ뷨е㱳أ
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ҶƽڴϷ飬κнһеҶƽ֣ǿҲһЩǣҶƽֻ˵˵ԣһģǽʲô
ԶҶƽķԸֳﱸһ飬ԶȻҶƽԭϤҶƽ˹Ժû̿ȥѡ˹۲ǽս乤Ҳƽƽԭķ࣬һίǣоЩ⡣
ԶŪһƽȵƻҶƽҲûа취˵סŸʲôĶ
鿪ԺҶƽӵʡί֪֯ͨȥ뵳Уμشɲѵ࣬ѵҪΪ½ίһ࣬ҶƽΪίǣһǸոսίǣʡί֯ͰΪѵѡȥ
Ҷƽ֪ҪȥѵȻҪ֯ҪѵʱΪ£ʱ䲻Ҳ̣ոյιһ£ھҪȥѵöҲûˡ
κн֪ҶƽҪȥѵǳˣΪҶƽһ뿪ǹȻϴˡ
ҶƽרٿһγίᣬԼȥѧϰ˵һ£һºˣҶƽҪԶˣ¾κнһ˵ˡ
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˵κнûίĹҶƽָӹֺҶƽͬʱҲκнûȨ
һ˵꣬κнҶƽĻ֪⣬Լߺκн֮໥¾ʧأίǾûѧϰˡ
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ҶƽһţһоҶƽκнĹϵǰ֣ǿκнֱˮݣڿɺãҶƽκнĹϵѾݱĵزˡ
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ĳίûôԣκн֮¶˹âҶƽίǶ⣬һ¶ģҶƽҲֻһƽӹίǣֻҪƽƽͺˣģǾͲƽƽ
ɢԺ󣬲ӢϼܵҶƽİ칫ңʱֵļһĳ߽Ҷƽİ칫ҡ
Ӣϼ˵ӣҶƽȥԴӵ˹֮һֱæڸĹûлӢϼһᣬҪȥѧϰȥˣһϾʱ䣬ԸһͶһᡣ
ܲҶƽЦӢϼһơ
ӢϼҶƽ֮󣬲ûЦݣ˽һ߽ҶƽҶǣڸúȰԽԽˡ
ҶƽЦôˣʲôģ
ӢϼԴһжκнģʲôĿ¶κн˵ˣίǣûԼⰡ
ӢϼȻסˣҶƽЦܲ⻰Ӻ˵Һκس˹ͬӣҪã˭˭⣬⻰ǧҪǰ˵


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ҶƽЦӢϼ˵òӢϼеҶƽǲĲκнԣҶƽҲûıʲôˡ
ﲻ̾һҶƽȴЦӢϼߣһԷȥ
ҶƽͻȻӢϼҰӢϼֽеôУӢϼǱһϲ˵ҶǣҪҵԷ
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Ҷƽһ룬ЦУУҾȥˡ
Ӣϼæ˵ҶǣУӦ㣬ȴҳԷôа
ҶƽǺһЦôĹأ߰ɣ˭붼һһԷˣһֱûлᣬǡʱҪˡ
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ǺһЦӢϼǺãǾͶԵȣҾͽƽðɣұ꣬ҽƽҲԡ
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ӢϼﻰҶƽ˵һ飬Ҷƽ֮ǰҲ˵飬ڲӢϼһ˵ȴеΣأڵĲȶȶ֮ٲȡһֱȶȥʲôΪҲûˣʱʲôгô죿
˵ȥ˲ӢϼһۣҶƽס˵
ӢϼԼһˮһں˵Ķ࣬ûҲʮֵĺãһõڳ˴Ķͷмμ壬иĵ̣κнسʵίǣκнسûϣתЭϯʵκнκнעؾ棬Ϊʵͷǳԭа˸ֵܣȥһڻ߸˳ƺ«ϡ
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ӢϼЦɲ«޲ֵҲ߸ʵ
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ӢϼѹҶƽ˵һ飬Ҷƽǵһ˵飬ʶصĸЩԤˣһô죬Ҫһˡ


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ˣҸ취ȥϢɣ²Ҫ˵ҶƽԸ
·æӦһ˫۾ؿҶƽҶƽҲЩĶһ뵽֪Լһʹ뷨
ҶƽûʲôԸ·ղ˵Ҷǣҳȥˡ
Ҷƽ˰֣·õ߳ķ䣬߳˷䣬Ҷƽһʱ֮еʧģһǳƯŮ˺ǷǣȴҪסԼָоЩܡ
ڶ죬ҶƽЩ죬Ҷƽһ뵽ϵ飬Щ䵭ˣǲⰲ·Լ·˵
ţ·մԱ˳˫㷢һҶƽʺãҶƽЦŴһк߳´׼ȥ뵳У
Ҫ͹ȥҶƽûͬ⣬˵ԼȥͿˣȻž˳뵳Уʻȥ
뵳УרžٰίǶڽް࣬ȫжٶίǽѵʡоίǲμѵࡣ
ֻһˣǵһβμô߼ѵ࣬Ҷƽ뵳Уſڣһ۾ͿǸʵǵĴʯͷûñѳӿȥȴӳ׼нȥ
ʱͿһʻ뵳УĴţһƺŶǸصĳƣǰμѵѧԱһǰġ
ŵʱԱͻȻһŮʵͬѧȥоôߣ


464 УŮ
һۿһŮһɫĽ۾ȥЩƤ˸ееľҶƽһתһ˵Ҳ֪
ŮЦ㲻ѧоģʦ
һ˵Ҷƽ֪Լ뵳УѧϰѧˣԼ俴ȥҲǸѧҲѹԼ
ҶƽҲЦҲǵѧϰģ
Ů̸˵صҲǸѧϰİһоඣ
Լ뵳УѧҶƽЦҲѧֻѧϰġ
Ůһ˵Щʵ㲻ѧѧʲôϰأѵ쵼ɲ޵ģ
ҶƽǺһЦоҲ𣿡
ŮϸشҶƽһоҶƽᣬ˵쵼ɲѧϰģ⼶Ҳ̫˰ɣû˵뵳УĸɲѵѧϰҶƽʲôƼɲƼɲܵ뵳Уμѧϰ
Ůҡҡͷ˵ҸоѧУѧֻ·ǧҪҰ
ЦҶƽô㣬ΪʲôҪʦϵ𣿡
Ůûϵϣ뵳УоǳѿŹһܼܲʦ
Ůǳ棬ҶƽҲٺʲôȦӣ˵ҲѧμӽѧϰģҪ˰ɣ
Ҷƽμѧϰ޵ģŮеţ㲻ɵʵ쵼ɲôᣡ
Ҷƽ𣬱ЦһЦǰʡǱߵģѧ
һҶƽ˵ԼǰʡģŮ˵Ҳǰʡģĸеģ
ŮǰʡˣҶƽУأ
Ůһ˷Ҳеģҵĸĸٰɣ
ҶƽôᣬѲǹصˣһ˵ĸصģ
ŮЦǹصģ쵼أ
Ҷƽĸеˣﻹ磬һԼµ磬룬ЦǶֵġ
ǶֵģҲúܽǶص쵼ɣŮ˷ܵ˵
ҶƽûиҲǹģĻͻ֪Լǹص쵼ɲˣ˵ǲá
Ǻǣȥɣҵȥˣܺ˵ˣԲˡҶƽڰ֣תѧУȥ
ҶƽҪߣŮȴǸȥ쵼Һһȥһо
û뵽ŮˣҶƽûа취ͺһȥߵҪĵطŮͿ뵳Уش쵼ɲް౨ӣһӣҶƽ˹ȥ
Ůһԭμӵش쵼ɲİ࣬˾Ȼشɲش쵼ɲԱ߻һС֣дίǽް࣬˿һίǣ
ѵǶίǣŮһ£һʱ֮ûߣԱߣҶƽﱨ
Ҷƽ߹ȥԺ󣬾ͿܶΧһֺӣֻӴ绰ίƽʱæߵﶼе绰ֻܶڵ绰ָʾŹԱ߻һ˸Űʲôġ
Ҷƽյ壬ͷκн£ҲûиʾģȻû˴绰Ҳû֣ѴûбҪѧϰʲô˵˵ѧϰ飬ȻԾд£ʲô¶˵ʲôϰҲѧŽύͬȼ߱ԼְλߵĹԱѧϰ𲻵ӦеЧ
Ҷƽ͸оѧϰ粻ѧֻñ͵Ȼһ»ԼɣȻѧϰѧϰѧ
Уʦ𣬱˶ίǵǰҶƽȴԼ˹ȥʦһΪ飬ɫõصԹһ¡
Ҷƽһ˵Ҿǣġ
ʦһ̧ͷ˿ͻȻʵίǣ
ҶƽǵģǰʡίҶƽǰġ
һҶƽίǣʦѧԱһίǣǾӦǰˡ
ʦȻ˼ǣһԿ׵ݸ˵ѧԱסһݣԷʳԣϲ׼뿪ҪѧУ棬ûУ
ҶƽЦˣһзʦš
ҶƽԹҺǹӣʦ¶˺ܶЦݡ
Ҷƽ굽ŸѧԱ֪ڿԱһͻȻļЦϵסһݣԵģ
һ̧ͷҶƽһ߲ߣеֵվǰԼҪһЩӲʲô飬㿪ʵǡ
ЦҾǻ죬סһᣬǻأԵģ
ĸصģҶƽæʵ
¼صģǹصģԲԣ
磬ʲôˣҶƽһصģ¼밲ʡŵĽʡһأ꾭÷չȹͶֶǿԭصίҲμѧϰˡ
һᣬһᣬҽҶƽܸ˼ǡҶƽ˵ס˻֡
ǺһЦ˵ظոһίǣû뵽Ҷôᡣ
¼غ͹Ȼʡúܽ໥֮仹̽ϢģҶƽ֪һЩģҶƽոյιأûȥע¼顣
ǺǣҪѧϰԺѧϰҶƽЦ
һӣ˵ѧʲôϰ໥ʶһ£һ¸飬ǹ⼸˵չҲȥԺҴزιѧϰȥ
Ҷƽæ˵ǣ⻰˵ǣ¼صķչǹصİȥԺ֯һµѧϰ£ﵹûʲôѧϰġ
Ц໥ѧϰɣϳΪµͬѧһסһݣԺ
ҶƽǣǣԺĻܶ࣬ӭָ
˵ЦŮҶƽˣĵ˹һ磬㱨𣿡
û뵽ŮڸҶƽǷˣԼƼˮ꣬Ȼ磬ҲûʲôϵôǸԼ
һŮ۾һ·˵Ҷǣ飿
ΪҶƽһŮ飬⵹ǺټȻڵ쵼ܿţҲһŮ飬ûҶƽ뷨ˡ
һҲԼģҶƽæ˵ǣղû尡磬ʲô鰡


465 ŮԷ
Ҷƽ˵Ů飬ЦϵܣҲûʲôϸڼһŮ飬ֻûѡ
컹ˣҶƽֻ˵һ֪أʲô鰡
˵ŻŮѾ˹ҶƽеŮҲǴ󵨣һǣİ˾Ȼ˴𻰣ǻˣҪϵ
Ů˹Ҷƽ㲻Ҫȥоô
ŮЦ磬ֻǹʹҵоµʦҲһܰҵæһȥҲ١
Ҷƽ㲻ҲǸԼ˵˵ȥԼöأŲ֪δʵǸոʶ
Ҷƽɲզģոʶ磬Ҳǹġ
һŮǹ壬һҶƽļ˵İ˼ҵĸĸ٣ô˵ҲҪ˼ҳԶٷɣ
Ҳ飬Ůһ˵Ҷƽĸĸ٣ﲻһ㶣ղҶƽ˵ԼǶֵģôĸĸˡ
ôһ˵Ҷƽһʱûע˵©ˣô߻˵Ůǹˣ˼ŮҪ˵ƭ˼ң
˿ŮҶƽʲôְҼǶֵģڹع
ǰԼʵŮŮһҶƽڹ幤һ¼˰ԭ˼ǹصίǣ
ҽ÷ãһСʦԭصίǡ÷ø˵˵
÷ʮֵĴҶƽǼʶˣ˴һ˾ȻֻǴһСʦҪ뵳УоҲı·
һڹصʦ˵ҶǣҪһԶٷдһô
쿴÷óƯ˼һԷ˼ѧϰǷɵģԺܱл˼ƯŮԷǿһ¡
һ춼ô˵ˣҶƽҲ˵ʲôˣֻôӦɣýֻǱһµûѧϰ񣬵ȵʽѧϰ
ȥѶһ£Ȼ÷ãȻԼ飬ʱ֪ҶƽûдҶƽʵ˵Ҷǣ㲻ѧϰô죿
ҶƽЦΪѧϰ𣬻ô죿
Ҫʵʵѧϰô棿ǲŵص
ҶƽЦⲻ治棬ȻˣҪúѧϰһ£ҸոΣкܶҪʦ̡
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˵Ҷƽֻ΢΢һЦû˵ʲô÷õĺܴҶƽ£ҶƽĳһȥԷˡ
ֱӶ˵Ҷǣٷ룬롣
ҶƽҲҪˣ¼ھҲа´첢ûдҶƽȥ´Էð´ھǵĴƵһȻҾһȥƵԷ
Ҷƽĳڣ÷Ц˵磬벻ǵĸĸ٣ǲǸյȥ
ҶƽһۣЦȥãһСʦ೤ʱˣ
÷õһˣʦˣо벻ô
Ҷƽʵô뵳Уоо²ÿɣ
÷õҾϲ뵳УѧУоʥ
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һŮ飬־ȴǲСҶƽɵֿһۣǸطƺװŮҪ뿼뵳Уоȴǲô׵ġ
ҪúõĿȿˣһԺ󵽾ǣͱȥҶƽЦ
Ҳϣأҵοϣ׼ò̫֣һһֱȥġ÷úǺǵЦ
ҶƽҲǺǺЦοϣ´ٿֻҪоĿһܿϵġ
Ҷƽ鲻÷ü˵ѧϰ೤ʱ䰡
£ѧͻȥ죿Ҷƽʵ
÷õҪߴһңɣϾͻȥȥԺһϵ𣿡
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÷÷ǳˣ˵磬ܸһֻ𣿡
о÷õԸҶƽĻ֮󣬱ֻһ·˵Żܿ͵˴Ƶꡣ
˳Ҷƽ÷ӭ˴Ƶ꣬ȥ֮¼صİ´ѸźãȻҾ˰ȥ
÷õһֺľƵ꣬Ǹеܺ棬һСʦ϶ֽƵĻᣬû뵽˾ǾȻлʶίǡ
кŴ£˿÷ãЦʵС÷ľô
÷æֵҴȾƵġ
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֣ҶƽĻֻܿЦˣʲô°ⲻǹ÷òʲôͷԼһŮͬ־飬οԼѾˡ
С÷ҪǴȾƾͲҪˡҶƽչ˵ض÷˵
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÷һʮִŮȻ׻컰⣬޷ǿԼƯԼȾƣҶƽȴǲɫýһҶƽӴĻᣬһξƲȵĻҶƽһõĹϵҲٷԹԺҶƽͲʶˡ
оʧȥһûᣬ÷ЦЦƽʱĲȾƣǽˣǳҾͺһưɡ
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÷ҲҪȾƣҶƽɨһۣû˵ʲô¼صİ´ξ͸һһ˾ơ
ƵԺ󣬻кŴҺȾƣҶƽоϲѣһ쵼ӶûУ̧ͷһǰ´ڻǰСĵӣʱ뵽ⲻǻ潻ʵһ棬»صһˡ
һ룬ҶƽоԼҲ̫ҲȾƣڻѵһƺ֮󣬱˵Ҳһƣ¼ú͹ھӣʶҳΪͬѧǳĸˣҾһƣȸˣ


466 ũҵĴ
ҶƽҲԾ쿴ȻǶƱӦ÷΢ЦſҶƽֻҶƽǳҪȻҲ˻죬лҶƽһԷǻ쳤˲ϲҲǹصίǡ
ȾƵһϾˣһоȾƵ̫٣ô񫣬ҲҶƽǰ԰һ£һ绰ȥ˲ʱ䣬һ˴˴˽۾ģ
Ҷƽһɨ֪˭ˣȵܵҵСֵ棬ũҵﵣδ
ǵ˵ͷһָ߸ϵĸоǵٵˣȻȻγʡ
÷һũҵĴĿҲ˹ȥʵ治ǸѸָȥˣǼʹǸ÷õҲ˲ˣ˼ҶҪƺΪ׳˭ͽᰡ
ʱһҲǿ÷ãĿҲ̴һ죬÷̫ˣڻ֮÷ú˾ƣ˵ŮʿȣŮһơ
⻰˵þЩɫˣʲôŮȻǾ٣֮ⶼԽ棬˵˼÷þЩˡ
Ҷƽüͷһ壬еνΪЩưһͻһɫ˿÷ã÷òûʲôرķӦǺܿվллҾ
ЦԺǣ㲻Ҫ뵳Уоһ뵳УʦʱҸһ¡
÷ǰˣ÷һ˵̫ллˣأ
ǺЦ˵Ȼѱоƺȥ֮󣬿˿ҶƽϻλǡҶǰɣ
ոսģְҶƽˣҶƽܵҶƽ׳һơ
ǺһЦʲô׳ĸطǣ
ȥֻһʣȴ˸еЩ죬ղŲǽܹôˣװøԼ쵼ƵģҶƽסƽصʡйأл뵽ָ
ǺһЦûʲôָģǸط֪ũҵĿ٣Ҽе·ǣרŵũҵܹĿġ
һ˵·ǣҶƽӦԭ·ڵθʱܹũҵĿ·Ѿгˡ
˵Ҷƽǰ԰ԼҶƽ쵼ӶҶƽҶƽ˵֮Ȼ޶ԣ̫еЩ졣
ȾưɣҶƽгƱ˵
Ҷƽ鵭ӣﲻʣһ߶žƱһ˵ԺҪҪʲôũҵĿԾңʶ˾ѣǺöũҵĿŲȥ˷ˡ
⻰ڱǰ˵˿µվľƣҶƽȴֻǵһЦǶлˡ
ҶƽȻƵӣеǲǲʶʱ񣬵˾ǣһССίʲôھҶƽּĹԱһץһѣ죬ְĹлõİΪһũҵθ˾ڻǰź˳
Ҷƽ˵껰֮ͰѾƺȥˣȻűûкȣѱһЦˣղ˵ʲôũҵĿ£ҿܻȥǵββǱ߾ٰ׽ڵĹа˲ٵæ
Ҷƽһ˵ȴ˶䣬ҶƽһίȥԼĲţİɣҶƽ˵׽ڵ£ȴ֪һģҲɣ˵ĹϵͦӲ
һʱڨڨЦ˵ҶȥβǲҪҰæˣֻβæûʱͬ־
ҶƽЦûϵԸ绰Լʱˣʱ԰βǰ˵仰
治ɵ֣ʵֻһʸڲǰ˵Ҷƽôһ˵еˣҶƽǰ԰ڵģ˼Ҷƽȴ̧˲ˣȻ֪Ǽ٣ǣԼĲ˵ˣҶƽ־ԶйϵǿǾʹˡ
ԱˣҲ֪Ҷƽе٣ȥҶƽ˵ٻˣ˲ò࣬ˮɶ˭֪Ҷƽʵһʲôأ
Ҷǣβ찡첻ʵ
ҶƽȻһЦԹηʶɣԭڹҷƶ쵣θΣǸʱҹ£ũҵ
벻Ҷƽ־Զιҷƶ츱εʱ򣬾ʶ˼ˣеѹȴʵǸʱβʲôˣ
ҶƽЦǸʱﵣǣһ·ûǮޣæһƶ·Ǿٰ׽ڣ鷳һΡ
Ҷƽ˵øһеЩţһҵҷƶĸΣҲ̫˰ɣ
ϵܣ̫ţˣΪһ·ҵҵ쵼ţ첻Ĵָ˵
֪ﻹǲŵģҶƽҲֱҵͨྩеһгϵģྩеĸгүүϵܺãͨββĲѧϰлᣬ϶Ҫȥ
ǣǵһгеˣҶƽүүྩеĸгϵǳãҶƽһǹٶɣղǿˣ˼濴һͨίˡ
ҶƽĻеҶƽû˵ٻȻȥô棬Լһ˾ݾ͸о˲ˣ浱ίǶеǳţ˼ҶƽȴҲϵϣԺúúðͽһҶƽ˵Ժ˼ҡ
ҶǣپһƣһЦҶƽƵ
÷һҶƽͻ˵˼оҶƽȻ˵гʲôģ˶ˣҶƽһǳԼʶʹ뵳УоҲҪ˼ҽùϵԼȻһŮӣֻҪŬзչǰ;
Ҷƽ˵֮ⷬҲûָ߸ϵ̬ˣЩ˾Ϊ˲ҶƽԸ˵ЩҫĻǿԼǰװƣʵܲˣֻûͷѹһ£֪ˣ죬ʹǾ٣ҲҪͬ־ǰ̫԰ڡ
ⰵеĽ֮ǫѷضˣϵֻԾ÷ñֻǵһƣһԾ֮ȻȻؾͺȶˣȶ֮÷糺죬Եʮģ۾öˣҲǲͣɨ


467 ź÷
һԾƱȻȶ࣬÷õľȷʵУƣȥʮֵˣȻܺȣȴҺҶƽƴƣҲǺȵȻǺģڻĽ֮ҲǺȵòˡ
ƺȵòˣҶƽɢȥ컹ҶƽͣڿǲܺȾˣûȥϢˣȻᵽУȥϢҪص´ȥϢ
Ҷƽ֣ػȥˣȻȵеҶƽǰҲҰڼӣסҶƽ֣˵һҪҶƽԷ
ҶƽȻƽЩ£˻־ˣǼ˾ˣʣ÷ûڣӣ߹ȥʵС÷Ҫȥ
÷ɫ糺죬˿Ҷƽſʵ͵˵磬ңȥУʦ
Ҷƽȵô࣬ҪȥУʦʦԸѧһȳҲͬˣ˵ҪʦСѾͷҪԿ
Ҷƽɣȥ´ɣǹİ´ȥϢһȥʦ
÷þҶƽŵ˼Ҷƽñ÷÷ϣȻһʻİ´֮ûڣ·ôڰ´ڣһҶƽˣϳӭӡ
·պҶƽͷԸһС÷ʦǹɣǸһ£ھڼסɣʳʲôĸźá
÷ȻˣͷԻˣһҶƽţǸжĲˣԼһûдĻҪǮҶƽֻһ֮ȴԸסһ
лл磬̫鷳ˡ÷æʾл
һۣҶƽھڼҵȥУѧϰ¾ͻع壬עⰲȫ
Ҷƽǹĵ˵˵·˲֪÷Ҷƽʲôϵ÷ýҶƽе֣ôôһƺѵ֪Ҷƽǰ
÷֮ҶƽԼȥϢһ£÷þȥһϢ£Ҷ֪ϵһµģǺȵе࣬ͷ
ϣһҶƽڣǰкţҶƽϢ֮󣬱˴Ȼǳһ绰һʼʲô£ȻˣǼ»Ҫ˽һ£óʲôҪ飬Ȼû㱨ϵ£Լ˽һ¡
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绰Ҷƽ棬оҶƽҲһ竵ǣ£Ǹеɣ쵼ֻҪþˣ·ȥҶƽҶƽȴûҪ·˳еҶƽǲǲŮɫ
ͷŮɫ쵼źҲ֪ҶƽϲʲôҶƽһԸµˣֻҪԺúȺþˡ
дҶƽ𿴵ҶƽһŮ治ǻҶƽܲǲŮɫǲԸŵŮɫһ룬оҶƽȻȥ竣Ƕз֮ĵģϾҶƽˡ
뷨ֵСһЩ´һȱҶƽ⣬Ȼʱʱһ˵ʲôϾҶƽίǰ
÷ôʱҲǾѣһ뵽ҶƽչˣǷǳļٴμҶƽʱ򣬸ӻĶ࣬ҶƽеҲһ⣬Ȼƾһμ棬ԼȺ˵һ˲ŵ顣
÷ãЦģ֪һСʦʱЩҶƽСˣרŽҶƽѧϰġ
ҶƽȻ뵽д뷨һٱ㷹ҲˣֻôһԳԷ÷ڳԷʱȻܻԾЦźҶƽ˵
˷Ҵһ˿ˣĥһʱ䣬ҶƽЩ룬ҪѧϰˣϷһҲУǾʹɡ
˿ˣȻĸһҶƽ÷·ˣĸһ棬÷˵˿ˣ͸ܼ򵥣һѧͻᡣ
Ҷƽͬµһݻķȥ滷ʮֵţзԱź򣬲ˮʲôһӦȫǼݵдࡣ
÷ýȥ֮Ǹ̾쵼ǺãҶƽһմˡ
Ҷƽֻһ£ȴС̼ӮһҲǶٿǮǮģһ˵÷þ֣Լǲ˿˵ˣҪǴȥҪϵǮ⣿
һҪǮҶƽһ뵽ʱؿ죬ӢϼŶǮ£ַҲˣû·ҪǮʲô쵼ɲǮ
ҶƽֵҪЩֻһ£漸ѺϢ
ҶƽԸæЦֻ̼һ£Ҳ㲻϶Ǯ
ҶƽҲУС÷С·ģĻǾͲˡ
ЦǮ˳һ˸һǧǮĶı˭ܰǮȫӮȥ
ԭҲǸı÷۾һĻҲܶİǮԼģӮһЩء
룬û˵Ҷƽ˵ǲŪߣӮٻ㣬벻Ǯʲô𣿸Ҫô鷳
Ǯ˭Ӯ˾˭ˣٻȥ
һ˵ҶƽüëһǮԼ
һҶƽ˫Ŀ⣬һӸеѹæ˵һ
˵Ҷƽ˼ǮԲԼ˭ҲôɵǮҪɰ´ŹҵǮԼ棬飬µǺãҽԴϲΨһľǹˡ
ˣôƷˣǻͨģʲôǮҲһ¾ˡȻ֪˼ҶƽҲû˵ƣܾĽ顣
һҶƽԸôȻǿĿĻҶƽƨҶƽϲȻټ֡
ĸ˾һ˿ˣ÷ú·һڿҶƽɫ쵼˿ˣеɫô쵼
÷Ҫ·յӴҶƽ˵˵ЦЦģҶƽǺܷŵÿΪԼίǶʲôн֮Ҳеϲ
Ҷƽ÷˵˵ЦЦӣ϶Ҷƽ÷֮ʲô˵Ĺϵ·ȻҲǱȽƯҶƽǰҪнһЩʹҶƽ˵ЦҲǺעִ磬Ҷƽˡ
һСʱ˿ˣҶƽԼӮˣҶƽеûʲô˼ƼãǴڵ쵼ǱȽѣһƶô׵ġ


468 ʽ
ڶ죬Ҷƽȥμӿʽ÷úһȥѧУȥѧУ֮˾ͷֿˣȥоʦҶƽȥμӿʽ
ʽ뵳УУ¬֣뵳УУҸϯͬ־ϯʽҶƽ棬쵼ٻЩȻҶԭ͹쵼ˣεĵ͹쵼˻ûмԺͬ־Ӯ
¬ѾٰίǽްҪһ£öȽ棬Ȼ˵ƽʱѧϰܻ᲻ǵһ쵼ǻǱȽӵģرǺͬ־Ҫ
¬֮󣬱վͬ־ҽҶʱ׶ͬ־΢ЦվȻ£ʼҪ
Ҷƽ۲һºͬ־ֻͬ־÷ǳߴ󣬶Һ棬ǳʢһ뵽ĵ͹쵼ˣ͸еǳˣҽᷢչԽԽá
ͬ־ϯ̨٩٩̸ίǵҪøһ飬ùȥһ仰ͽ飬ݲίڵ͹еĵλǳҪɺˣίʡίǶܸɺã뵳УٰѵҪһίǣ֮ڰȫίǸѵһ飬ϣܸ߶ӣεѵá
ͬ־ĻҶƽʱеԼʹܴίǲͬһĴɲȫɲô࣬ίҲǧǧϵȫһ壬ͬ־ʮίǣνǻ飬ץסҪˡ
ͬ־Ҫ֮¬ѧԱ̨ԣҶƽû뵽̨ΪԵĻǻ죬СͦģȻΪѧԱˡ
ֻϯ̨ͬ־¬뵳У쵼һȻſʼȽԼְȻѲμεУѧϰ˳˵úǸˣƺûεУѧϰίǾûдڵļֵˡ
ǺȥҲ⣬ؽ˰Сʱ֮ҳòҲǹơ
ѧԱԣͬ־¬һ±ȥǹƻͣ¬Ѻͬ־֮תֻпʽ
¬ڻǿѧԱѧϰļɣҪһѧϰѧУĹƶȣԲµѧϰ
¬һֹܸУֽ˽ҪѧϰѧϰѧϰҪĸ飺һ۰飬ɫ塢˼壻ڶ򾭼÷չҾùص򾭼÷չҲũҵִȸ棻һ廯ν衣ģ򵳽ɲ齨衢㵳֯衢ί쵼ӽȡ
Ҷƽһѧϰĸ飬͸еأʵѧУѧϰС
ʽСʱͽˣһ󣬴ұҴȥһʽֻһڿΣйػɫĿΣӦǵУнвʦġ
ʽԺʳþͿˣæ߹ʵϵܣǳȥԲ
ҶƽЦ콲ǲԺҿҪѧϰ
ǺһЦѧϰʲôⲻһҽ޲ʦҵһѧԱ಻𣬹һû¼ȥﻹأ
û뵽ͷԺǰ뵳У˵УרŸѵĽ޲ʦϵزȻϤˣһϤѧԱñӾ䵽ͷϣһء
Ҷƽȥѧϰô죿ѵ㲻ѧϰˣ
ѧʲô޲Ǳʦùϵѧѧν飬ܲһȥɣ
Ҷƽһʱ˵Ĺ̫æˣ㿴ң¶˸ˣרĵѧϰ
Ц㵹ʡģССûҵİţƲұûȥ
һ˵Ҷƽͷ϶ǱȽרϣԼĴڹ뿪û˻ʲôѧϰȥԺ󣬿ҪúõطһԼΪίǵˡ
ŵԷҶƽ˵һỰлˣڴҵһڵУԷԼʶһ£αҪԣ
һ˵ĶˣûټֵԷǺҶƽһȥʳá
ʳԷԵþǺܼ򵥣һԹɽ亣ζûʲôθڣǼ򵥳˳ԣҶƽͻһԱ߼ίǿ󲻽ЦŴкѧԱҾ;еϵȻôѧԱ
˼ھͲˣҶƽȴǳԵú㣬һᣬϲʲôɽ亣ζͨı㷹á
극֮ҶƽͻصϢصǺ˯Ҷƽڴȴǲ˯ţֻ۾Ϣһᡣ
ȵϿεʱҶƽ죬۾˵ϵܣʲô𣿡
ҶƽȥϿˣ߰ɡ
˻ֵҲȥˣͷеۣʦ˵ҳȥˡ
ҶƽһˣʵزأҪиҽ
û£Ⱦƺȶˣ쾫񲻴ãû¡
ȵľƽеͷۣΪѧԱʱôûͷۣе˾Щ֣ҶƽˣԼһ뿪ȥϿΡ
һÿΣñȽ϶࣬ȻеĿοܻὲñȽϿǵһڿδҲҲȻҲҲǴ
˿˱Ƚ룬ǰϿεʦȽ⣬Ҳûе㣬ûռ˱ˣǵȴû¡
еʦȥһѧôίǣϲҶƽȻûие̫ĿȴеԼĹûжãôӵϿεĹ̾ѧﴵȥ
˿֮Ҷƽصᣬһ粻ˣոշ¶׼ȥʳóԷĵ绰˵ϵܣԷɣ
Ҷƽæ͸һ쵼Է㡣
ҶƽСӸϵһףȥ쵼Ŀˣʱѧϰ
Ҷƽ͸Լб¾ͲȥˣԼ԰ɣ컹ҪȥҶƽԼȷʵ²ȥˡ
ò׻ؾµ绰Ҷƽ룬С쵼ԷԼȥʲôǶһ١
֮Ҷƽ׼ʳԷһ߳¥ڵУתһȦһ£һʯϷ÷á
ֻһͷȥѣ߹ȥʵС÷ô
һ̧ͷҶƽ÷վ磬㿪ʼѧϰ𣿡
ҶƽոһÿΣϵϵʦûУ
÷õһŮʦ˼ҸͲһᡣ


469 
÷þͺܾɥذԼ˵˳ҵоʦһŮڽӴ̸˰죬о۹ײǺܸߣѽΪԼѧԾԾܾ
о֮߳͸еǳãһžһʯϣû뵽Ҷƽ
ɥӣҶƽο´ٿ˵ҲҪʲôģڼﵱʦҲǺܺ𣿡
÷õʲô˶ǵʦģΨһĳ·
оЩţǼˣҶƽЦҪ˵ʲôԼΨһĳ·˵ĳ·أ治ϲʦԻְҵҪвɣҪÿһ
÷ÿҶƽһ۵˵ףѣֲǹٶ뻻ʲôְҵܻġ
ҶƽҲǣһͨռҵŮӣȥʦܸʲôһ룬ЩͬԼҲλãʵԼҲûжٰ취ֻΪԼίǣŸо򵥵ĺܡ
Ҷƽüһ£˵ҪȻؼңѧϰ֮ȥң㲻뵱ʦĻҰæô
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ҶƽҿͷԺԸԸȥί칤
һȥί죬÷ø˵ص˵Ŀģҿһͨʦ
ҶƽЦ˵㲻һͨʦžͲ뿪ʦĸλˣȻȥɣȻͷȥҡ
ҶƽӦӣ÷õһӺҶƽһȻʹӦҶƽ
˵뿪ҶƽҡҡͷԼ£˽ˣҪǿԼżһԷķϣԼ治ȥȻˣһλƯŮԼŸûȤûѵͨ
÷뿪У֮ȥ˰´׼ϢһϾ뿪ǻؼң𿴵Ҷƽ֮£ȵ÷ȥϢ֮󣬱绰κнҶƽ÷õĽ
һĻ㱨κнȴǰŰɣҶƽʱ䲻ôôһ屾صˣҲ̫˰ɣѵ֮֮ǰʶ
ӢϼĹϵͦðһһСʦҶƽѵһӣԭмίʱôôĴȻ鴦鴦Ǹͽ
һ룬κнеԼûбҪҶƽˣҶƽ̫ˣ۴ķҲǸ㲻ɥ־Լα̫£սҲˣϲԼһµģֻʵɻγսԭ֣ǿڵʱ֣ǿʩѹҶƽ£Ǿ֮ˡ
죬ҶƽճμѧϰʱƣѧԱԽԽ٣Ϊ£岻ã֮һûϿˡ
һ춼ûҶƽһסᣬ绰ȥ´Էؾˡ
ٴ绰ȥԷҲûȥҪʱһѧϰһ˼һĹٳȥӦûʱ˼ˡ
ĩûпΣҶƽʱϵҶκ֪ˣһҶƽѧϰ̸
֪ڻ⣬Ҷų⣬˰ȴǰ;ϣڻھϷչ
˼棬˾Ҷƽ£Ҷƽ͸ͦõģֻǳʱûˣеⲻȥ
ҶЦŵƽ⻰˵üˣǣΪʲô
ҶƽЦôʱģҶٻء
֪ôҲˣСǲǳˣ
һ֪ᵽ֣Ҷƽﲻǲһ£߿ĸǳΣˣһ˳ܵʱ߿˵֣
˵ûҶκ֪ǰ˵æŵʲô찡æʱ䶼ûС
Ҷβŵص˵ƽһίѵȹ쵼˻æ
Ҷƽ治˵ֻǹ쵼ææĲһίǽް࣬쵼Ҳ˵ˣίһǳҪĸλһҲи
һĺص޷Ҷƽ˵ĻģǸ֪ҶƽΪ쵼Ҫٶٵģһŵӡ
֪ҶƽһµȻæڵ˾Ǻú÷һ£ߣһԷȥ
Ҷεԣߣɷȥò׼һ棬úõغһ
ҶƽǼ
֪ʵ˭
ҶƽĽƽѩǣ˻Ϫá
ǰڹҲæúܣˣҰĽƽѩ֪֮˵
ҶƽЦЦû˵֪ôģ˾ǻƽѩĽͶʰ쳧֧Ĺ
ҶҶƽĻǲǶƽѩĽ˼治й°ɣ
һ룬ҶЦƽڿǳΪһˣϿҪעⰡǧмҲأϱҪ
ҶοЦӣҶƽЦأҼθѧϰ
ǺǣҶβЦ˵ҶƽģҶƽ˵ˡ
֪Ľƽѩ˵绰˽ӵ绰Ժһû뵽Ҷƽʱˣ
Ľ˵ҶƽѾίǣһҶ£Ҷƽķչǰ;ҶƽչõĻҪץסҶƽΪܵϵ
ƽѩҶƽ˾ǣͷǷһһ죬ȴûҵһʵĶ󣬽ôЩǳֲּͥҸ˼ˣһҶƽˣյȷˡ
ʰһƽѩ־Ĵһű㿪Լ㳵֪Լĵصʻȥ
Ҷƽ֪ĳҲһרŶµһȥһ·ϣҶλϲӣҶƽе治ӦھϷչȥⳡȽϺá
˾ǵһ֮Ҷƽ˳ȥһҶƽûȺǸŮ˧粻ϵؽ
Ц˽ȥ˵Ҳɣʱм֪Сһ£ǾȻ
֪ҶҲǳصģʲôԷԱȽ϶࣬Ǿ㽡ģͷȽϴ󣬱Ƶؿ֪Ҷˣ˶ЩݵˣһҲʾ֪Ҷòᣬƽʱûܹ裬ܾʹˣ
ǲܣҶηŭӣһͷָҶε˵


470 
һָԼҶξǸӷŭˣ˵ܾʹʲô˲ģҪǵԣ
ʼԼˣҶƽվԱȰ˵ǿʵ̫ţҲǸòᣬֻһС£ȴǷҪ¶̫˸еˡ
һҶҪǴܣ˹Ц˵ðǵ
ʱҲȰ˵һ£ǸȰҲʶ⼸ˣһǹĸ֮ӣִ󷽣ǻĳͣҲﲻ
Ҷƽ˾ʹ˳ƽѩĽ˸ϵһ֪ʲô˹ҶƽһƽѩЦſ
ƽѩ߹ƽڸʲô
ԷһŮǺҶƽһģ˵Ϸ֮ģƽѩڵС椣ҪҪ߰ˬס
ĽһȻ˸ȥƽѩֱǲˣǰ֪Ҷ˶еǳˬ
ԷһĽȻǣƢһӾˣ־ҶƽϴȥΪƽѩվҶƽԱߡ
һ֪Ҷ˶еûϵҶƽûǣҶƽȻûϵһҶƽæһѰƽѩƿȻ˳һ˾˸ա
˵һͷһҶƽȻĹ߳ŭæֻӳһȭҶƽԷڣҿͷȽϴ󣬲Ӳƴ
ȭûдҶƽͷסˣʼֽŲҶƽƽѩһߺ󣬿ӣﵣĵҪ´ͷһȭҶƽҶƽ¾͵ˡ
֪ҶǿþʣվĿתؿţ뿴һҶƽܲܶԸ˴ͷ
ͷֽŲãҶƽּΪͣ㣬һͷǴûжˣһͷٳٽҶƽһͷҪϡ
֪Ҷվôģûʤһˣ
һ֪Ҷ˳ֹһϺס˴ͷӾǸղҪϷƽѩˣҾǹһĹӡ
ͷ򲻵Ҷƽ۵ҶƽĵĲˣͻȻһһһȭ粿ȥͷһʧȥƽ⣬ͨһſڵأҪҶƽһ̤˹ȥѹ˴ͷϡ
ã֪ҶβƽѩҲǰķŽ˶
һǷŭˣһӣһͷͬ˾һҪҶƽ֪ҶοҲվ˳һʱ֮佣ţܿҪȺŹ
ʱһͻȻʻĽղű˾ƽѩʲô˺֪Ҷ˵ȻǲµνƽѩһŮʲôô죿
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ǲҪʹǵְȨҶƽ˵
ҶƽʸһԱӾһ竵ӵܣʹԱӵܣһʤЩһ㣬оԱģ竵ӵܶˣмǮͻɪ˭֪ʲôɫ
ĽʱҲǹ˵ұľ⼸ŹˣץǸ
һоҶƽⷽǿ˼Ůӿȥǳ߹֮ңǼ˿ȥǱֻǱǾûʲôµˡ
Ǽߣ񾯾ͳǼ˵
ӴӶóһǮһ񾯵ϣĹۿϵǮǼСƬŲҾǾֳϵƤˣ
˵úܴһСԥˣ˼ҿ϶пʱҶƽȻǹԱҲûݰ
ӳǮҶƽΪһԱʵǿȥˣָ˵ڹѰ£ľ죬ǾֳūţֻҪĶԣ˭ҲܰôѵǾ͵ҹ£
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񾯰ǹһָͣǼ˵һȥǲǮ𣬰ץȥжǮ
һ񾯶ǹˣȻ£ǱץҲǸеѿþ֪Ҷ˾ͰǸΧסˡ
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ûа취Ȼ뷴񾯺Ҷƽ˵ѹֻ֮˾˾֮񾯾ҶƽҪϵʽһµ顣
Ҷƽæ˵û⣬浽
񾯰˴֮ƽѩһղſҶƽǰʮֵ
֪ҶҶƽļƽǽпܳԿˣԺҪǳȥ棬һҪ㡣
ҶƽЦҲӲϣ˭֪ҰҲǵģʱһһ
֪˵ʲôһ磬ܽһߡ˾Ҫúýѵһǡ
ҶƽֻЦЦĽ˹˵ǻȥ治
֪˵棬ô棬ˣǲ𣿡
һ˵Ҿһ˻ƽѩҶƽһȴǲ֪˵ЩʲôҶƽ˿ҲֻЦ
˵㵱ίǣƽѩ˰˵һ仰
ҶƽЦյһ£ǲμѵˣô
ƽѩЦĹҲȽæһֱûϵΪҸأ
ҶƽǺһЦôأˣˣ
ĽԱߣ˵ĶԻЦ̸֮˸еǳѲ֮仹Ÿġ
߽֪֮һԷ߽ȥ֮ξҶƽͺƽѩһĽ¡
е٣֪绰ٽмвٲô
һҪٲƽѩЩˣĽҲǳĺĺ֪ƽѩٲй
Ǽͦõģʲô˰ĽǶ֪˵
ĽԼһۣ֪ʶæЦŵˣԼԡ


471 ־Զ
˱߳ԱģϯҶƽղŵ֣ҶƽֻùֳˣĽŸղҶƽ˵ĻеҶƽΪһԱӵĺϸ
ƽѩԱһӵ̬Ҷƽȫûйȥ־Ӹ¿Ҷƽ̬ʱƣҶƽԵԽԽߴˣڼҶƽͲҶƽˡ
֪Ҷ˽һҲûԣ̸Ҷƽ֮󣬾ʰǸӣ֪˭жǮôţ׷ŹˣСԺǻſ
ҶƽĻҲûֹˣҪһĽѵԶĲָһȵ̬
˷˳ڻˣ裬֪Ҷ˴ʱڻ˼Ůһ𳪸裬ҶƽһƽѩԱ죬ĽԶǡ
ܾûˣкܶ໰Ҫһʱȴǽƽѩ˫ַϥϣɨҶƽۣҶƽ΢ЦԱߣͬμ¡
㣬кûУƽѩһ仰
Ҷƽתͷ˵ûģ硣
ƽѩȵôûУǲҪ𣿡
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κнǵһ֮ʣ¹ԭڵ飬Ŀǰ˵½Щ硣
Ҷƽûз˵˵ڶԸɲĹЩиҪȡѵ˵ЩɲƶĲӵĻɲиһҪȫһ飡


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Ҷƽ˵ͷ˵гһ뷨Ǿרųһȫ쵼С飬帺ȫ飬ǰûֻ¹
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476 Ҷ
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תһַͷ֯ϰһضԼԼμѧϰԼܹҶգѹķˡ
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ѧϰҪʱ򣬵У֯ѧԱǰʡϽвιѧϰϽǽʡʡᣬһľʮַ֯ĹҲǷǳĺãУʦ֯ѧԱ߲ιѧϰ۽硣
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֮Ҷƽ˼÷֮Էȷʵɣĵط֮ҲԭҪ˵˼밡
뵳УУĴڣʡ쵼ӴҶƽû뵽ǣӴУУľȻҶ
ҶȻǽʡίǣ֣ͬʱνʡίУУӴ˸УһС
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һ뵽УУ޲οһۣѧԱŵģҿҶƽ˹ǸӵĲã
УĸУԼҶƽһƽղҶĻʵ˵ģͬʱҲǸȻҶϿףڿҶƽֵ㣬Ҷڵ绰Ҳ˵ı䵱ҶƽĿˣֻҪҶƽԼؽһš
Ҷ˵ʶʶĻ֮۾ֱˣҪҶƽˣֻҪҶƽҶϹϵԺ˵ͷˡ
ҶкŴҳԲ˺ȾƣȻľôУҪѴкãУĸУ飬ҲǺܼͣؾҶľơ
ҶƣУĸУЦҶƽȾƣղҶĻȻҶƽҶʵϵһ뵽ҶƽҶ˶Ҷ뵽ǲʲôҶƽҶҵһСרŷģĻҶƽͲһ򵥵ˡ
ʹҶƽҶҵСȥҶĹϵܣҲֵӣȥԺ󣬵ҪúðҶƽ͹ԳǶҶһر
һ룬УĸУȻžƱҶƽȾƣҶƽʱеҵæվ


477 ĽҪ
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˵գ˾ͺ쿴У쵼ҶƽȾƣʱеУ쵼ҲʶҶƽıˡ֮󣬵УУΪһͬʣҲ˾ƣû΢Цı飬ֻǵسڡ
ǼʹڣûҶƽִҲҵҲǼæվӺ͵УУһ˾ơ
УУôˣ칫ĸκͽ޲θ˵ˣֵλߵҶƽͻѧԱ˾ƣȻմҶƽĹ⡣
֮󣬴ɢȥϢҶҶƽһ֣Ҷƽ˹ȥȻһ䣬Ҷ򵥵̸̸ҶеԼڵĹ
ҶƽͰ㱨һ£ҶͷȥúùʲôҪģֱӴ绰
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һҶƽоԼܲˣϢһ᲻ٳˣĽЦЦͻȻһס֣һߵԱߵɳϣҶƽո£Ľȴ
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Ҷƽ꣬Ҹոξ͵߲μѧϰˣö黹ûüͨѧϰѧϰһЩõĹ˼·
ͬ־͵ͷջͺãȥо仰Σ°һصίڵ͹ҵеλǳҪôἴѾίǣûиоѹ
ҶƽѹζΰѹãĹã֯ϵУҲԲסȺڶҵΡ
һҶƽ˵ͬ־ﲻһҶƽᣬθȴʮֵǿң˵ҲǷǳĳȣǲ࣬͹ҵҵҪԽԽˣӦע
СҶͬ־θкǿΣʶǾҪսսıľ鲻κεиֻǵҵԽԽԽԽǣ뵳УҪע־ùɲʶϵиκζ£ҵɹĸ
ͬ־ⷢӣҲҪҶƽţܽӴͬ־ҲеԺһ£ͬʱΪٴͬ־Ľ̻еˡ
¬Ҳ¼źͬ־ĽûȥԺʵͬ־Ҷƽ˵˼仰ҶƽȥҶƽһ̵ӡ
˿ͬ־ҶƽмӣһеҶƽ¿ǺˣսУʱûԳҶƽǵѵˣҶƽȴǺˣ


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ҶƽһӾǻǿҶƽˣһ·ϺҶƽĸͣĵҶƽЩ
˹֮󣬻ЦϵܣˣҳԶٷ
ҶƽЦԷûʲô⣬ܲϸԷ𣿡
ЦҶƽһ绰ǳǳͻȻӵҶƽĵ绰֪ҶƽӾǻˣæӭӣҶƽ֮󣬱ѻдá
ҶƽͻһίԺʱίԺĸɲиĺܣҶƽڣܵòϣܶûаʱشԺϰ࣬ϰڼϷ͵͵Ź˿˶Ĳˡ
ҶƽȻȲ֪ǻص칫Ժ֣ѰҶƽθɲ飬ίشԺˣǻ˵ãʲô֯ԣ
Ҷƽòᣬڻ÷ʲô𣬱֮˵
绰κнһ»죬ͬʱҲԼˡ
κнΪ˴֣ͷˣҲôһҶƽˣǾͷȴһִһȨеҶƽĻǷǳľ裬ӵ绰ίԺ
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ȫίίһͬ˷ûеҶƽȻᣬȨƲСҶͬˣʵΪκнո괦֣ҲɵǰҶƽԵʡ
ȵ֮󣬱Ҷƽ뿪˹أҶƽ֮󣬲ŰȥϢ
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Զӵĵ绰֮󣬱İ칫ңһ칫ңҶƽ˱ڼͼϵͳ˵ʵڵӦһԨԴԶ˺޽ȡ֮ģزԸˣرڹĹٳ֮£ҺôҺõֹ״̬κн˸һҶƽû̿ȥȻԭֹ̬ȡ
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ĻҶƽ˵صĸɲźص⣬öɲڳԺ֣Ĳɷ磬ڶصʱţԽԽأǱɲ磬Ҫɲ罨칫ңǼίͷר飬һǶžɲĲķһ֣˭һְڶλɢеĻعԱϰڼٵˣԣϷӣǸɲѿѽҪϰһõķ񻷾صҪݣκˣǵĸɲ齨ˣҰҪĹ㣬ϣܰûģ
Ҷƽ£ԶڴҲܴԶûֹĻԣҶƽ˵ҲܷҶƽԸ͸ˣԡ
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Զ֮Ҷƽύίίᣬоһ飬ȫίίϯ˻顣
Ҷƽ뵳УѧϰĵһγίᣬҲҶƽʼʩĵһγίᣬ֮ǰҪȶΪôϤĸ¹ȥˣȻϤˣǸܲĴڣһϰκнɫ¡
ֻκнŴ֣ôҸеҶƽ͹˳ͿҶƽһҪôˡ
ҶƽҲ֪ĵӷǳأصѷûһºѴ򿪹ľ棬пܵκн˵ԼҪһЩɡ
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ͬʱİǨڳƶ÷չһõ顣
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480 £
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Ҷƽڰ칫ﲻͣ飬ĥȥòܰԼֻ̫аڹصƽŻб


481 ί˱
ʴƵϰκɴ绰ԼعίߺˮίںһԷκеҪȻκнֶӵҲñǳԷܰ˳ǹصĹء
ԼԷȻҪͬκְѹ˰͵˰ֳйһԷȻٲ˰˰򽻵ǽеһԷǱȽϺõġ
κɳྫںκ͸ߺһԷ˵˵ЦЦҷǳĸˣȻǣںκ͸ߺҲСκɣϾκκнֶӣȻԶֶӣϵȴǺȻСˡ
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Ȼͷ˵ǽģĸ˾κкһ£Ȼ˳ȥһ߳ȥ֮󣬱ֻԶһ绰
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ںκ͸ߺ˶ĽֵܣҲǺ«ֵκнһҪΪˡ
һ룬κɵĵ绰֮Զṵ̂ȥ鴦ǵһȣһںκ͸ߺ˻᲻ߣˣҲͲٲ鴦ˣҵҲȨκнθЩ
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κɵ֪ίﰵԵһ£»ҪһϷȻߺںºȻҪ
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κɱ㼱æκнκнӵĵ绰ԺͬҲǳһԭԶץͣȻ˳һҶƽ֮ͻû뵽ô󣬾Ȼˣһ󣬶кôҲûкôкôҶƽܻشںΣûкôǣҶƽһɲĲȻӴ󣬶һǿⷽ˴¼˻Ͻ͵á
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ģȴǲòˣҿܵĸӺݡ¸ãеʮֵͷˡ
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߳ȥ֮ҶƽԶȥһԭίٿش쵼ɲᣬͬһ顣
ҶƽҪٿȫشϸɲ⣬Զ͸еҶƽµӳ̶ȣںλδ̶ֳȾͲܾˣڶԸߺ˵ĴҲܿƵķΧ֮ڡ
Զ뿪Ҷƽİ칫֮󣬱֪ͨںε˵ؼίܵ飬ԷǸߺҲҲԭΪ»᲻֮ĸߺڵ֪ںδ˺֮͸еִˣҲû뵽ںλ˺磬һʾתˣȻ˹ͬ˵ʱûжĲ˭֪ʲô
ߺ͹˰ĸֳһؼίںҲܾɥصǸܼһ¶ĴʱѾܾˣƵķչϣͿһƻηչˡ
Զĸ˽йѯйضĲ£һԶ˵ǵʱǶĲֻ˿֣統ʱǣԲŲ˳ͻ
ߺ˵ʱ˴绰˵аӣżææ뿪˾Ƶ꣬ӱܵ顣
ĸһ˵Զ͸оڶԿˣǮô˵ǶĲأ
ĸͳһھӣԶûа취ֻýκɸй֤˵ʱǶĲˣκɱˣԸ⽫˵ȻκнķԸǣҲԺ˰
ԥ˰죬鷢չز֤ںεڶĲӾûȥҲô͵÷תıͱɺȡ֣Ȼںһʱ߾ͰѺ˵¼
籾޷ܣҶƽҲûԵί̫ˡ
Զκн˸绰Ҫκȥ绰ҲҪ֤ͱȽѰ죬⽫ˡ
κнָʾ֮£κнԥ֤֤֮ͬĸڶĲ


483 ٿ
ʱڼҵĸؼְ쵼ɲ绰֪ͨίᣬҶƽֽ飬о类һ£ȥЩ˲˼飬һ¼бҪôʦڣټôĸؼ쵼
ȻǡǡҶƽҪƾֵһᣬ类򣬷ӳⲻںβӼίĶ飬ίƶľţҷӳ˹صĵطɲİ״ûг֮ǰصŸţͬһֻǧϹ꣬Ҷƽ޴ֻֽǧϹǸ򿪣ںεһṩһ򿪹ǵĻᣬȻֻһ˵Ļû򿪵ģ֮һ뽫򿪡
ҶƽҪٿôؼ쵼һԭȻЩؼ쵼ǺܶҲ֮£ǰˣҲ͸͸ҪҶƽһˡ
κнϲЩصĵطһμ˻飬Ĵȫ쵼ɵ쵼ίԺĻңҶƽǰҵţﰵ˾ģƾ֣βί涨µĵطɲ
κнƽһƣֻںδ˳Ԥ⣬һС⣬ҶƽټôģĻ飬ʲôҪú㣬ܽںΣҲûʲôʧֻҪÿˡ
ҶƽĹϵԴҶƽ£һЩϣҶƽܰһЩ飬ٽʵǿҶƽͬһѡں类ҪһãȡҶƽϿɡ
ϲﻹǱȽϵɣںԭϵ˰˰֮󣬽Ͷˣڳ£ֵÿЦ
߽ʱıصģںεĳ£еÿٿһ飬϶Ҫںνˣ֮ǰ绰Ҷƽȵ˵һ˵£Ҷƽʱûʱ䣬˵ȵ鿪̸֮ɣ֪Ҷƽ̬ȣǳˬҲ޿κˡ
ô쵼һҶƽĵλãκнȻ쵼ζҶƽｲ
Ҷƽɨ˻᳡һۣһӣ˵Ѵټٿ飬˵ǰδСһܣίίոоɲε飬һٿȫعԱᣬ˵˾ҪѸɲκãѸɲдڵĶĲɲסǴĿǰЧǳĲ룬˸Ļ棬öĲĻǶĲίľ˶Է磬û˰ίľ¡ϣɲڹʴƵ˿˾ڶĲؼίĸͬ־ӵٱǰȥ鴦ɲкһִˣͬ־סҽԺһʲôʵ飿ǹȻίƣȻΥίľȻѵ͹һµһص¹ʣ
ҶƽĻر˵¹ʵʱ򣬴ҵﲻǳһ£ǵһοҶƽλίǵϣһοҶƽҲǷǳĿ£ʱûپҶƽпˡ
֮ǰ˵˵ⲻһɲ֮һСͻߵǸˣ˵ҲǺ⣬ϾִܲҲǺܶǸɲţֻһ㣬ôǽûбҪٿģĻ飬ûбҪ⣬صĸɲѾ˲òεĵزǻ֮Щ쵼ɲ̴ְҶƽȻʱ䲻ǳҲҵһΣҵĹ˸ǿܹôҴɺùһͬʱҲϣλ쵼ͬ־Ҫһ̬ȣǾǵҪҪչɲΣҪҪùصĹɲһõľòҪҪΧίĹѸãλ쵼ͬ־˼û·
Ҷƽ˵Щ飬Ҫұ̬ô쵼ɲҪǱ̬ıֻ̬ҪЩ˱ָ̬֧ɲΣͿִˣֻƾֻ֣Ҫһˣضкܶ˳˵飬ûչ
ղ˵˵ߵǸʵ˵Ҫ̸Ҷƽ˵ûʱ䣬Ȼ̸Ҷƽ˵ⷽĻΪںοҶƽʱû˵ʲôǻӦˣΪ˸棬˵ҲǺ⡣
Ҷƽش֮£쵼ɲ˼ϱҪһȷı̬˸ڱ̬飬;ˣҶƽػºί㱨ûκλء
Ҷƽ껰֮ɨ˻᳡һۣһصϣǹ缫ΪַŵҪγһּ൫ֻõķΧֻлûŵķΧ
κнһ˻ҶǵĽȣҲĳԸɲĳɳһ£ҵɹĹؼڸɲɲǵıֺòã״̬ôҵҪﵽĸ߶ȣȫ޳ɶԸɲΣΪسŵĸɲҪȷŵĸɲһõĹ״̬ٳɢҪĴǵ쵼ɲԾģԾǼ⼫Ҫദ
κнȱ̬سҶƽĵӳһ飬ǾǹѲìˣҶƽҶƽìܣίһΪΣôͻٱѹȷʾҶƽһ£ͬʱһõ̬ʾΥ͵ĸɲദΪںεṩʡ
κнһ˵꣬Ҳ̬ҶԴǹԺһֱǳӸɲĽ⣬ҶԭмίԵ͹֪ıǶ࣬ίľñǱɲε飬ɲβãǵĹûɺãҪȫƽɲεĹϸ鴦쵼ɲΥί¡
Ļһκнɫһ֪УҶƽˣȻڴϹȻҶƽһҶƽȨƽб֮ƣһô죿
˵껰Σ¾ĵҶƽˣܱ˵ʲôѱѺҶƽϣֻҪҶƽڹվȽţһسĿԾͷǳ󣬶֧ҶƽҲǿ
ҶƽĻ֮ûʲô飬ĴʱûʲôرķӦֻҪƵİգ֮


484 ͳһʶ
һ˵껰ֵϲˣϲ˴ΣҲҪɽͷڿκн֧ҶƽĽָ֧ɲΣûʲôͬģͬ⣬ʲôɷҶƽ
һˮϲҶƽķһ˵Ҹ˷ǳ֧ίԸɲΣڵ廷ԸɲĹЩɣǸʱ򲻴һǸʱϼʲôʲôҴκεۿۣȫһˣּۻ۵龭Ӧµ龭潫ʰҶԸɲΣҸ˱̬֧ίľָ֧ɲιǸɲĲ£úúõһ£ӰϰնĸȥܣɲĲأбץûУˣҲˣǹֵͬ־ҲĲˣôץ̫
˵ϲҲӣָ֮˸ߺ飬ߺ鲻ǹֵͬ־Աߣû뵽ʱ侮ʯòᡣ
ϲһ꣬ҶƽĿ⿴ʵصҪıֻ̬Ҫ̬֧֣ںε˵Ĵͺô
ʱЩձеһǿϮ׼ݻڹؽΧҶƽûʲôУеҶƽҪˣԭ򵽵ʲôһʱ²ⲻ־棬Ӧԣ
Ҷڿ֪ҵ˼ںθߺϵУЭϯ᲻վίһ£
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ĻЩʹˣѹǰòͷһھ˵ںκ͸ߺ˵£ҽԵؾ洦֣ѾǺصĴˡ
һ˵ҶƽϯߵȲ̸Эָ֧ɲιܺã
Ҷƽûͬ߶ϵ̬ȣרŵһ䣬֮󣬱࣬û˵ʲô
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ֵΰʱıȽ϶һЩ˵ɲҶǵյĵһѻѻҪմյЩ˸еʹУһվҪյʵʵںε˾һվˣһվˣֳ͹ѻǼ˸Ϩˣ
ΰĻأ˵ҶƽĿˣҶƽɵض࿴ۣеġ
Ҷ̬ҶƽеĻЧͳһ˴ҵ˼룬֮ǰֻίί쵼˹ʶΧЩСеؼ쵼ɲȫ̬Ӱʹˡ
ڴұ̬֮ҶƽԶںθߺ˵ĵһ¡Զ֮ŵ鱨κɵĳ֤ںμ˳˶Ĳ飬Ҳ˵Ĳǲ֤ʵˣںδ˵¸ǲ˵ҲʵģھͿδˡ
ղŴҶ̬ҪദɲΥΪֵʱˣα̬ɡ
Զһ˵꣬Ҷƽ˵ĸ˾ڶĲһһǹɾɼǵĸɲиʲôز˻ܴڹ𣿶Ϊǲദ˵ʲôɲεĻһջںβĲһŹίԱʶӣΪһĵίǣһ㵳ԶûУĸɲҪãԱҾͲö˵ˣΪ˰Ա˼ҴƵĳ룬Ȼ˼ĲָԺ£ֱèһѣ
ҶƽĸˣҲĻ֪Ҷƽϵ̬ˣ˵ĸԵؾˣµְˡ
Ҷƽһ˵꣬κнǳ˼һ˵ںβĲҴˣ˷ǳĶӰ죬ٵˮίǵְˣҽˮаŹߺΪԱĲɵӰȽϴ󣬵ǸߺǹֵίְĵҪйֵҽ䵳ؾ洦֣д̼֣˰ԱǶҲǴֱҽϱй˰͵˰֣Ƕ˵أй˰ֺ͵˰ָԴ֡
κн֪ҶƽҪȫְǸߺ˿ѣֻǽԵؾ洦֣ίְĿһоԼΪ˵ˣìܼеҶƽͷϣһҪøߺ飬ûҪְ˼ֻһӣøߺʵĻ
ҶƽɵؿһۣоκнϹҪ϶ˣҲѹ֣κнȫĻԴҲ׼ڹصȨһ֮ھҪһ̡
κн˵֮ͱʾҽĸȫְߺְйִ֮У˰ԱֱҪй˰ֺ͵˰ְͿˡ
ǼҶƽһˣһ˵ȴ˻ˣоǲСҪҶƽˣκнû˼
޷͵ͨ߶˱˾ٱ£Լκɳ֤ĸһĲ¡
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ڴκнĽ黹ǱȽҲźĹϵ֮󣬴Ҷκн
־棬Ҷƽ֪鲻֮ܲǿҪְȻɴҵİзԣĹγѣϻҪĺá
ڴҷ֮Ҷƽ˵ղ˴ҵܵǶںνһĴҲְҾûҪһؾĵڴ֣Ըߺ飬һйĳôǾʱ֮˵˰ԱҲǺ͸ߺһй˰ֺ͵˰ִ̣ǵҵһĻ鿪÷ǳãҳԣͳһʶһĸɲιһܴƶϣҴӽԺܸ߶ͬŬصĸɲ罨ץãֻиɲץˣǵܳɫ񣬲ίǵ񣬻鵽Ϊֹɢɣ


485 
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ҶƽĻκнеܴڰìܸˣ˴ҵԼʧӣĴ
һɢҶƽصԼİ칫ң֯ݺͼίԶеԼİ칫ң̶֮˵̴ȥˮںεְίʱ򳤳֣
ҶƽĻ֮󣬱ʵίһְǷҪѡΣ
ҶƽʱûбҪɳ־ͿˣȴʻѡΡ
ȻκнȽϽί֯ҪҶƽĻԴӦҶƽԺˡ
ȵԶҶƽںεĴеؾ洦֣ͨȫء
£ҶƽڿκнЭߺ˰Ա⡣
صЭһֱڱ۾£ҶƽҶƽκн˵κнͬƶҶƽ
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һǣоԼúκн̸̸漰ҪĿϣһӣκнˣûʲôĳͻµصӦκнϡ
κߺںγԷȻͷ飬˭ỳκɰˣȻû֤ʾκɸܣǿԺܴ󰡣
ţߺͻȻ˵绰æһӣΪίᴦ飬Ҫߺȴ˵磬ҲˣҺںδƲãκɸԶȥһ绰ܿɡ
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ߺòᣬһ룬ͼæ绰֪һ顣һȻκСףκ֮ף϶κнָʹκԶϵȻԶҲ顣
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ûбְκнСӾһ£вĶ˵
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˸ߺĻģĸߺ֪κнæκн˹ȥڸߺһ˵ͷˡ
µĳǾͼǵˣڹְֵ񻹱ţҵȥҶƽ̸һ飬ȲҪº飬϶ǲˣְˣκнһԱ󽫡ͷԸ
ߺ鵱ȻҪģ绰뵽Ҷƽ˵̸飬֣Ѵһ绰Ҷƽûʱһ顣
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֪Ҷƽʱ֮󣬱ίԺҶƽİ칫ҡ
֮ҶƽӭӣԴϲǱȽϹģе
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ʾȻҶƽһ˵Ҷǣθɲ֧֣˹ݺܲܣ
Ҷƽһ˵ϯ˵һЩ
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Ҷƽ˼Ƭ̣ʵϯ֤֤κһУҾٱؼί
Ȼ֤ݣǲҶƽչʾҶƽ˵ǵȻûʲô֤ݣǵ˵ĸоǺ׼ģҪõ֤ݣҶе飬ֻҪһܵ
ҶƽоԼ״Ӧʲô뱻˵ϯ˵ҪҿһٴôҼʹģںκ͸ߺ鼸ҲίľǴҲȷģϣϯܹȫ֣֧飬ȻڴˣԼһǵΣҪɣڸߺĴǾұְȸ䵳ؾ洦֣ҲģԱҲ˰ɣй˰ֺ͵˰Ͻˣ㿴ô
ڳһҶƽ뷨ȥߺְ񣬿»زʵòЭԵһֱ֣ȡ֧֣Ͽ⼸棬øһЩӡ
ҶƽĻоߺ鲻ְǶˣֻҪߺ黹λлԸκɣ࣬κнһԼĿҲǴﵽˡ
Ҷǣίκɵĵ飬ҲϣҶܽУϾȴ˸ӵҪҪ


486 ˵ì
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ҿԼʱסûмӲĻ֮ìܽˣκн֮
κнûдﵽĿģǻ鷴ԼˣԼĻᣬƶһЩ飬ѹˡ
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ҶƽĿ͹ԼЭӣͬʱҲǰӶﵽԼκнĿġ
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ҶƽٿЭ飬ЭĹ˳ֿ϶ЭҪַЭලãලĹǿԣƶȫؾĿٷչҪΧίĹչƶȫصĸ䵽ʵͬʱҲҪַЭϵƣʹзá
Ҷƽ˺ܶҪΪЭϯڻҲҪӦҶƽĺ٣ָЭҪȫίץøɲιȫصľýЭලҪ䵽ʵǣҪίֽҪǿԣȫصЭһ¾档
Э鿪÷ǳ˳Ҷƽ⣬͹ҶƽĴڣһʱ֮ôҸеҶƽĹϵˡ
κн֪飬˼£оҶƽʵ̫ˣ鴦ˣȴϵһһ£ַ
Ҳ֣ȻҶƽϵìܵģȴǵϵˡ
ϲҲһָо˴ΣҶƽӦǣȴˣ󣬿Ҷƽ
ȫЭ鿪Ժ󣬱̶ר֯飬ȫصһЩҪĿٳĦල㳡ĿһȽشĿʹֳֳָԱһæӭЭϯ쵼֮һǲʲôıʾ
ֳʵع۲˹㳡ĿĽܿ㷢ִڼȫ⣬һ⣬Ҫͣ١
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ֳָԱҴˣֻͣһͣκǱ߾֪ˣֳʱˣһͣù̸
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ҪˣκнеǳãѵҶƽˣ
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488 
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494 ѫ
Ҷƽκн֮һͣκн֮󣬸ҶƽǾҪФˣǲҪ˺Ƥ
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κн۾һᣬ˵ҶƽίȽ֣࣬ǿһҪײô׵ģ
ФκнĻ̰ռȻûа취ҿᣬֲߣǺβɫһ£
κнһеʵʲôõķ
Фһ룬е⽲˳κн֮󣬵˵ͷԸȥ£³ɣǵһ󹦳
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һصĹٳһĺתҶƽⷽĹȷԭķᷴ
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мίǰӲ칤ĸɲȻǳӣҶƽκнȫͬԶҲίԺҶƽһӭѫĵ
³֮ѫίСңȡҶƽĹ㱨κнԶԼǳһڳ
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ѫǱҶƽΪҶƽṩһ֧֣κнԱȻζҲûа취ѫ֮ҶƽĵλȹˣҪҶƽ⣬ֻанˣĻ᲻ھͿФ˼ܹܲãץҶƽİѱһҪҶƽأ
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ѫ֮ȴ΢΢һЦȥˣҪ˽ͼ칤ľͲ˽ˣлɣ
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ҶƽЦŰѫһ˵ѫһŤͷҶƽЦõЧ
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һҶƽ˵ѫһ룬Ц˵ǺãȻǶλȥĿ裬ҾȥɣһǸɲ罨ĹЧ
ѫתʹӦҶƽҪκн¶һЩЦݣȻ˵ѫ˼ҶƽӣѫվȥˣҶƽ˵Ҳȫѫӡ
ѫҶƽκнͬȥ㳡ĿֳһκнͰĿ˻㱨ѫϵصͷԹĿĹ˳ֿ϶
ӲϺѫڹسԷԷʱҶƽѸΰ˹ͬѫһԷΰĳκнԶ˶ǳȣΪΰֻһͨĸسʸͬԷڳԷʱֻίйˣĳίûнС
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극֮ѫϢһСʱ󣬱Զ˹̸Ǵǿǵ˵ԼίҪмίְٵιؼίһְˣмίмίίֳָʲô
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һ룬ԶûзѫмίǣҶǰǴˣҪǲѫİţ²ʲôùӳԣҵмίܵθֳָҲǶԵסˣʲôְҲţֻһίίְ񣬿Ҳûޡ
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Ӧķǳʹ죬ѫǳ⣬˵ڹصĹǲģƽͬ־ǰҲ㣬ڵ뿪ҲڹҪҵмίҲû뿪ϱУúµĹλŬ
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ΰѫǰ̬Ը֯ţѫҲ⣬Ȼȥˡ
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κнһǣ뵽ںαְ֮һֱûаְΪԻңͬʱҲȡ֧֣Ӧںΰһְ
ҪںʲôְҪְǿ϶ûְλˣҲٰںҪְλҪںο϶ҲУںαְˣôҲҪίͬ⣬̫
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ΰԭֹܼƻͽα󲻰ƽʱΪΪа˰֮κнϵҲڹΪ꣬ϵΪӣԸǿƣƽʱȻһ˷ΰʱֻһسԸֱȻ޷ϵǢΰȻαĹ
ڸΰ˼ίǣԹϾ͹˳ǵðαɡ
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Էһʱ֮˳÷Ȼ˵һЩΪҶƽİ칫ܡ
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Ѳٲǿؼί֮Լĸ⣬ٲǿһɵˣ֮ǰûһ˵Ҫ⵽Ϊʲô
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ٲǿ˽һҪ֮ľ⣬κεҪصĴܽԱĻԹ
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503 سѡ
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504 ץص
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ҶƽͰڰ֣˵ԼڴƵϢһᣬȥκнȥǺһЦûȥˡ
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һӣҶƽһҺóʱû߿һˣϵԵرǿҡ
ɵؾͶ೯￴˼ۣŮԾ쵽һ仯ȴûжܣڵˮָ֮һƻƻ
ͷƻҶƽǲǿˣתϢŮܿƻ֮󣬱͵Ҷƽǰ


505 Э
Ů˫С֣ҶƽȥƻŮȴЦŰƻŵȴǽӴҶƽ֣ŮָĻҶƽһȻһʱס۾ؿ
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Сⷽ˵ֻ֮һҪͨαĸ˲Ʋ壬СԼ˾׬Ǯ˵Сƽʱϲţ˵Լ׬ǮǮǴʱؼίȴͻȻоӦ͵˵Լû׬ǮĿԴ˰Լ


506 ˫α
˵ȻĲƲ̶ͿԲα˵ĲƲ
С̸ͬʱҲڰԱαĶС֪ͥĲƲαС̰֮С֪ļͥƲתơ
αĲƲίգΪαĲƲûеǼǵԼϣҪݵ֣⼸ݵʱ϶αĲƲԱõص֤ݲС
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С̸̸ȥеõϢԽԽ֪࣬ǼͥĲƲһ֪αüˣЩ˶ѧУŮʦС֮Էԣ޷ܵαӰ죬ΪͬһŮʦαûС
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̸˰֮㽫СˣСǵԱɲû鴦˵л߲һӣԻ͵αֻðˡ
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ֻҪȥαְαͳˣ෴ֻ˫α󣬶ûвȷ֤ݵĻҪָ˼˫α֮󣬾֤ǵǰҪ顣
ΰͷȥصί֮󣬱й£ڼί棬Ҫ참ҶƽӦ˫α֮˾ĿǰѼĲα󽻴ˡ
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᳡ʱһƬĬα˵ܣܲܣҰѻꣿ
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һôĲϺ֤ݣα󳹵ױˣί֮ǰĹô࣬òΪίûϻ
һα˵ؼίԼΥΥ͵ʵĽؼίֽйԱʻ֤ʵص顣
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ںεΰܶ˶ìܣΪʲôרŶϱΪʲôˣκнˣҿ϶ãǣǵĿĿ϶Դ㣬ҸоⱳһĻݣǲ֪˭һҪס飬ý
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˳һ£ſԣʤθصѾﵽˣԭµ飬֮һֱûеõΣĻѾˣҪһһĹԡ


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˵ӦлҶƽҶƽίҪһֱˣڵص֯ᵽ˸أǷǳҪһ
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ߺĿһɺ⣬˵ڵһˣҪøΰ֪һ֪һ
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516 ذ
ο긶ΰļѫصίԺټĸɲᣬڻһʾί߶Ӹΰͬ־һر߾ȫ˰ּù鰸
һжǺܽŵӣһʱٺܴѹҶƽΪعֱںܴ⣬ѫн飬ҪйֺʡΪعֻܴڸλѫֽͬ顣
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һ飬˾ȷʵûĶٵȷʵΪԭ򣬶ǹģ˾ų
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517 ư
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ԱȴЩɥˣѲԻɸߺû븶ΰйȫûκãԱɥ֮ʣͻȻһίԱһɳ淢һ˿۵СѪСѪעȥĻֲˣίԱڲɳĲʱ
һѪίԱһԱܹ鿴ίԱһߣøԱȥ顣
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Ҷƽı飬Ҷ˵ͷشô⣬ҶƽܳסһƽץסΰʱӴȣιٳҶƽԽԽˡ
ƽ岻ǱýΰǸܷһصƣȻߺ鱻֮ԷˣǰĸܷȻڿǣ˵ԸΰңҪչҪȶǸһҲͣЪȫеҪбڰĸܷӸץһƬ
ҶҶƽⷬĵĻҶƽصص˵ͷҶĴ֧֣ҪڹظһĶĸˡ
ڸΰؼίǳֿȱҶƽ̸̸һ̬ȣƼȥ
˸ΰ飬ҲǺµĲᣬ˵ǿ϶Ǽٵģ컹͸ΰһ飬ͻȻ֮ȴûˣһǱɱģһֱ¼ͼ칤û飬ڳ飬еЩ£Щӵĵˣºô죿
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Ҷƽ̸һ̬ȣ֪Ҷƽ⣬ͱʾذѷܹȥΰ飬Ҳûʲô˵ģͺñսսʿȥʲôˡ
ֱ̬ҶƽеԣȻ˵Ӹ˰ܣıʻίƼμίǣ֪ܲͨҲֻԹصȽ죬ٻһί֪ʲôղˣԼ˼·
һίרҵ˲ţͿϧˣҶƽǰίƼؼίǣǱмίѫ֮ѫ룬о罫ΰĵܵһļͥпܵ˵ɣһ棬ΰһθΰĵܵҲһָοȽ׵һЩ
ѫһ˵ҶƽеҲǣԭҲ뷨ǵΰѾļ˿϶ԸԼȥ¼ͼĹԲ뵽μίǡ
ѫһ뷨Ȼ뷨ΪֻҪ͸̸һ̸ڵ̬ȡ
ѫίҶƽ͸̸һ̸ʵЩθؼɲΪոձΪƵĸɲؼɲҪһޣȻҲûʲô⣬ƸΡ
ҶƽȥԺ󣬱̰Ѹҹ̸


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ͬʱҶƽһ绰磬㱨һ¶ںβ鴦оһĹ


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ѫһеԼڼ٣ֲܲȥֻųصĽŲ˳ȥ
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ӵҲˣĳ˲ۣڼ˵һѺŵԻؼҡ
ҽԺƣֻˣ˵ò̫أ̹񳤳һ˸ײĻˣֻˣֻҪǮͿˡ
Էڵ֪һԱ֮󣬱ʨӴ󿪿Ҫ˲ٵǮƽʱ̹϶Ը⳥ôǮǿǵڷǳʱڣίһְϾҪˣ֪֯ײˣǾ鷳ˣԶԷҪ͸٣ߵҪ
˵ƽĲˣ²֪ôĵί֪ˣί֮򳤵뷨֯ȴƼˮĵίΣûеϣ˵ǳ̹Ը򳤵ԭ򣬷֯ͻƼˡ
һ˵̹ײˣһǮܵʲôίǣһ룬͵͵дһŸί֯˳̹һ¡
žʤˣһ̹ƺݳײˣʱƼίǲˡ
֪ԺʤҶƽ˻㱨⣬Ҷƽһ̹ƺݳһײˣŸȥ£һô¡
ӵҶƽϰ˶Գ̹˵飬̹û뵽ί£һԼίԱ͸еˣڹϣίһ飬ίỹôо
ԼίԱ̹ʾԼһʱСײˣʱûкȾƣûкȾƿһЩΣ˵ȾʹˣԲεҪ
統ȻĻϵӺ߽һȫĵ飬ʱȷʵ˾ƣһ˵˻ѣȾͼӴˣ̹ѹ֮ڳԼʱ˾ƣȵòࡣʱ˭ȵľƣֻ̹ðһȾƵ˽˳
ԺȾƵһе飬һ飬ͷʱ˲ٵľƣίˡ
Ժ󣬸Ҷƽ˻㱨һ̹񲻵ȾײˣһίѣΪŭ˵ĸɲ֯ʵҳϣƺݳײˣڻΣֱǺ֣ȥҺúõزһ飬һûбΥ⣡
ҶƽҲٹ֯ƼΪίǺѡ˵飬üίһ̹ľ⡣
ּ̹ҪǵˣȴΪһƸıˣڼίҹԺ󣬱ǵܲܵίǵ£ʱ򣬼ί˿ʼо÷ĵˣ
εˮ֪ܿ飬һ֪鲻ǰ̹Ϳ쵰ôʱ⣬ڻܼܲʯɽίǡ
κн˻㱨κнҲǸе֣ҶƽǱҲûͨ£֪Ҷƽʲô̬ȣ֪ܿίҪ̹飬һо̹Ҫ鷳ˡ
κнҪεˮôƼˣôܵίǣĴ£Ҳ޹⣬ѶεˮйһͨԺ󳤳۾ȿ˵
εˮҲЩţΪ˳̹Ǯڳ̹⵽ί飬̹ѸǮ˵ô죿
κнһʵʵţûаѳ̹Ǯ˵Ȼκн廢Ͻ֮һǣ淽飬Լģڹؼʱ϶ҪκнģκнҲҪ뷨ıȡԼ˵档
簲˶Գ̹һȫĵ飬̹򳤺ü꣬˴⳥ԷʧߴʮԪһ򳤵Ĺ뻹ҽԺ룬ôǮһ롣
˵ʯɽͷ⼸ȫһ飬ͷ˳̹̰۹ɡ
һҶƽ򱨸Ҫ˫̹Ļ㱨֮Ҷƽû˵ͬԸ˫Ҫ
̹ǵ鰸ûüίо߾üί˸˫ˡ
Լίˣ̹еԼùײˣЩ飬˳˳ˣ
֪̹˫棬εˮԼżˣ̹ѸǮ˵ɾˣҶƽײϣκнҲס
һ룬εˮæǮͻظ̹ļðֲȥ˭֪̹ļ˵ʲôҲҪ̹ܼί飬ǮʲôһҲΰǮ£
̹ҪεˮҾˣŶεˮµǮ̹ļһʱ޴룬֪ô졣
˰죬ֻȰǮȳ̹˵
̹˫󣬲Լ̰۹飬һܻߵʵ永ﵽһٶԪһһٶԪ͵ڸˡ
粢ûе˾ͽΪҶƽһҪڣѳ̹εҲҪڳֻ˵ľ⡣


527 ôʹ
߿˹һˣҶƽ棬ר̸һ˸⣬˳ʱ䲻һ𣬸߿о˱Ҫʱˡ
ҶƽʵԤϵⷽ⣬һֱûȥ£ڸ߿뿴һ߿յ̬ȡ
߿ѾΪίˣ;ԽԽ˳Ȼ˵Ҷƽƺ˲һӰ죬һҲУһɡ
Ϊ£˵绰˵˲٣ҶƽȻǸ߿Ǹ߿ȴΪҶƽǴ壬Ϊʲô
Ҷƽһ͸оҪЦˣԼίǣôΪǸ߿ȴǲԸԼѾôΪȥڵְ
һַ֮ˣٳһĸʴֻҪǸλǲˣ·ˣ߿ҲǲⰡ
Ҷƽûа취˸ҲǲٺõĸҲҪˣ˵Ҳûкӣ顣
һ棬߿˵ʲôʱ
Ҷƽһˣ
߿ˣţ˶ϣԺһ
˵Ҷƽ̵ѵһֱȥ
߿һֱȥôˣԼܿסҪ㵣ġ
о߿Щ£ҶƽҪҪӰɣʹҲûʲô
߿ôûҪ˵Ҫ𣿡
һ߿̬ȣҶƽ̾һ˵ȻͰ뷨ɡ
˵һĻҶƽ͸߿һ𿪳뿪˹أ˭֪һһ˶أаˡ
Ժ󣬸߿Ҷƽǽѣ»Ҫǽҡ
Ÿ߿ӣҶƽ֪׷룬ʲôҪҵģܴ绰ңһᾡܰ㡣
߿еһʹתȥҶƽҲûٶ˵ʲôԼĳȥˡ
Ҷƽ߿˻飬ڿȥ·ϣ֪ʲôζҪ֪˿ϵİĸ߿ǶôСˣȴǱôǿƣΪһٳϵŮǿˣ
ٳİ˸ı䣬ԼԭûôĻӣǽ˹ٳΪԼλãһЩֶΣΪһЩ˿Ҳ˸еǰܲһ
ص壬Ҷƽûֱȥϰ࣬ǻصԼסϢһᣬһ磬ȥίԺӼӰ࣬Ѱˡ
֣Ѷ֪ʲôȥˣίԺԺҶƽԼİ칫Ȼûж˼飬ôش˵ˣ˫ûкԼĸĸ˵ô죿
ԽԽеҶƽɵ̳Ӷζ÷ͻȻ˽һҶƽҶǣˣ
һ÷˽Ҷƽе̸˵С÷ô㻹ûߣ
÷õдĲϣһֱûд꣬ͼӼӰ࣬ڣ͸͹ˣ
÷ӣҶƽһ߿ûΪļӰеˣ̫;и˻飬ƻ͸߿ȻǸ˲Ļν
һ룬Ҷƽ͵صɣһ˾ȥɣ
û뵽Ҷƽ̬ȣ÷ϸع۲Ҷƽһ£еһʲô鲻ˣһ춼ûмôһأ
÷üæ˳ȥȻȥ֣ѵİ칫֣ѣһ֪֪ⷽ£֣ѵİ칫ңĵذҶƽ
֣һҲƵҽûһ𣬴绰˵е³ȥˣҹܣôҹ쵼£Ҳûʡ
һ֣Ҳ֪÷þǸˣ˵ǣҶǳȥʲôأһôˣ
֣ҪҪҴ绰ʱ֪֪Ҷǳȥ
÷õȻҲ룬ʹ绰ҲûԶίԺһ֣㼱æ
֣ѾͰһʣ˵ҶƽȥʱԼĳûųȥʲô
ôһ˵˶֪ʲô£ᵼҶƽһڰ칫̣á
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Ҷƽ˵ļ£˲ȥ£֣ûн÷õĻ˵úùɣҶǲˣòҪʲô
˵÷ñ㲻ٶ˵ʲôˣȻҲǲȥ£ȵصԼİ칫ң÷þһ£˼һΪʲô
Ҷƽ칫ҵĵһֱţһӵ̣쵽ʮʱžһ°ʱеЩһˮˮҲûˣеԼȻίǣʵҲܿԼһ˵߹ûʲôףҪЩΪеҪ鴦鴦ǸˣίǵøеЩΪʲô
Ҷƽɵ̾һ֮̾ʱһͷ˽Ҷǣôû߰
̧ͷһȻ÷ãСֱ겻ɢʼǰΣʱ࣬Цôûߣôˣһ˻ȥ£
÷ЦҲϻûд꣬˵һȥҲûɸɣӰˣô߰
ҶƽһҾߣ߰ɣ
÷óҶƽӿһۣ˵Ҹˮɣ
߹ȥҪҶƽˮȴǷûвˮˣʱҲûطȥˮ÷ñҶǣûвˮˣҵ㴿ˮȥ
ôģҶƽ˵ˣϳԷûУ
÷ˣǴʱȴ˵ûüԣ׼ȥԵ㡣
ҶƽһûԷ˵һСŮôʱԷɣҲûгԷʱҲ֪滹ûзȥԷɣ
ҶǣҪҳҹǺðʱӦҹ¶֣÷Цŵ
ҶƽĵӣԼҲܵһЩȾվǺðɣǾתתгԵģǾԵô
÷ñðǴ쵼һǲǲð
ҶƽЦʲô쵼ǰˣֻҪˣҪԷԷʲô¡غ㲻ɣ
һҶƽ˵÷ֺǺǵЦҶƽ߳칫ңţ÷һ߳ίԺ


528 й
߳ίԺҶƽ÷þһߣߵίԺ󣬹æúܣҲûʱ˽سתһתڳתһתա
ίԺԶĵطһҴŵҶƽ÷ߵطһ㷹Ƶ궼ˣ˵ƵķҲ󣬻ŵԼȱַ㡣
С÷ǾŵһôҶƽЦŶ÷˵
÷ֻҶƽһԾνڴŵԸеҶƽĸڼ֮ϸ˵صððŵĶóˡ
Ҷƽ˵ӣЦ˹ȥʱŵﻹвٵˣЩˣö࿴ȥֻСӴӴȺȣһƬ˺ܲ
һҶƽԵģǱĵطҲûУ뻹˹ȥҵһλ
÷ȥ˼ˣȻҶƽȾƲҶƽƽʱûʲô񫣬ǽ鲻ã÷ƿơƣغһ㡣
÷˾ƣȻ˲ˣҶƽϾƣԼҲһƣ;ӸҶƽȾơ
÷ԼȾƵӣҶƽЦ˵С÷ʶж೤ʱˣ
÷ʵ⣬ͷ߰˸˰ɣ𵱳㵱ѧ龰еЩЦ
ǺǵЦҶƽһŮҲ󵨵ģһƭӣҪꣿ⣬Ҫз֮İ
û뵽Ҷƽ˵⻰÷ðͷһ˦Цҵһۿ֪һƭӣ˵˵ʲôƭģ
˵ţ÷õĿͿҶƽ¶һŮ˲е˼ҶƽǺһЦС÷ҿǵ̫ˣһŮӵŮӻǵСһã
÷װ֪ʵΪʲôʵҵĵҲǱȽСģ
ҶƽЦ÷ûа취ˣԼû˻Դ˵ⶼһ
ҶƽԷ÷ҶƽΪʲô᲻ˣһŵ˵Ҷǣҿ첻ˣﻹộΪʲôܸܲңҿ԰أ
ҶƽڳԲˣһ⣬̧ͷؿҾв˵£ôΪʲô
÷õˣǿΪϵ£Ҹо㲻Ϊϵ¡
벻ĿôҶƽһ£еĿ˵С÷ÿһ˶Լ˽㻹ǲҪôΪʲôɣ
һҶƽ˵÷þ֪ҶƽͲȥˣЦŸҶƽһˣһͻݵӡ
ҶƽоҲԵʲôԼ˵ǰһԼСãȥ
һ룬Ҷƽ뵽ԼҶܷܷʱھѧϿҵˣ֪ҵʲôĹ
÷ÿҶƽ￴ԼﲻЩţæʵҶǣʲôأ
Ҷƽѿڶأھѧ
Ҷǣ㻹һðƽʱҲûʲôݹ㡣÷֮˵
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С÷ܵͦడ·ҵĴܼңҶƽһ࣬װ˵
÷ȻЦҶǣû˼ֻ˵˵ܵĹܼҰ
΢ЦӣҶƽְѱ˵Աˣǻȥɣ
÷üæӦһȻҪȥʣҶƽС÷㹤ʵͣɡ
÷ȴ˵òлһοͣ͸һɣ
һ˵ҶƽֻҡҡͷȥǮˣǮ˾һ뿪÷ýҶƽ
Ҷƽתһ룬÷סĲһطԼˣô죿÷سķӣһСǸλãðͻؼҰ
ʱҲˣһ£ȻͰͻؼҰɡ
һ룬Ҷƽͺ÷˵Ҫؼң÷һиеһȣоҶƽ̫ˣ˼ҿõίǣھȻ˻ʹˡ
˾ͲڹسǵĽͷҶƽһߣһ߿ΧĽ裬صĳн⼸Щˣ֣ǿڵʱҲһøĹ̸㲻ȥ˳⣬Լһ꣬ûаҪطسǵĽˣ뷨ˡ
Ľ˵֮ܿһҪӿسǵķչ
÷Ȼ֪ʲôһֱţһСתҶƽҶǣҵˣ¥ȥȱɣ
һҪԼȥȱ裬ҶƽֵˣץȥϢɣȻȥˡ
ҶƽԸȥ÷ֻЦЦҪҶƽô࣬ҲӦ֪ˡ
Ҷƽת뿪÷ÿȥ¥ڻȥ·ϣҶƽͻȻ𵱳߿һڽͷ龰ʱĸоǷãֵ˻ζ֪߿Ƿ񻹼ǵã
ŵʱͻȻǰֵ֮СӣǮ
һĻҶƽһֻ߿ֻʱǨ龳Щ仯ֻһˣôãղ뵽߿Ƶһй;ˣ
ҶƽҲǽǮĻǮģȥȭţֻ⼸˵ڵأ໵ؽУƲŷ֣һˣæˡ
һܣҶƽŸоõͷţƣ÷һȻһЩһԼںˣڰͷųˡ
ȥڶ糿һ칫ϰ࣬һ¾ǰѼίǸ˹̹ôˣûʲôκεǣңҪеľõϣѹسױ
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һ̹εˮǮˣҶƽһ˵ô˵򳤺ѡģ
ô˵ǰǮεˮˣǲǴӶεˮͲ˵ˡ
˸ĻҶƽȥεˮһ£εˮǮ鴦
Ҷƽ¾ĵӣ̴ӦȥεˮκнţҶƽֱӱʾҪ鴦Ȼûٰκн̫£չӡ


529 
ҶƽԸŸ£εˮΪκн廢Ͻ֮һһһҪȽ£ĻϽ
ĺ«Ѿȫüί˫ˣؼίæòɿҶƽҪѹԭ̬ȫھʣκнһȻ̾ڹصˡ
ڻҪһһذŪκн廢Ͻ࣬ͬʱҲҪץһץùˣԷΪˣص幤ͻ
¿ʯɽĵίѡһҶƽûٿκнֱӰ֯εˮڻҲ˵ˣƼѡڳ⣬˻ô룬һĻȥԼѡ
Ҷƽٿίίᣬо˲ֳʯɽİ⣬ڸոտѡ⣬ڻϵıǳ࣬רᵽ顣
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ڳ˳̹ôһӵ£κнڲֳʯɽӵѡ⣬ûκ飬˳ؾͨˡ
ͨѡԺҶƽӿȫؾ÷չ⣬Ҫӿн衢ʡũҵȸľùʵֹȫصľôչ
Ҷƽ뷨һκн͸оҪʼѾùץԼˣùҶƽץϣôʵûжȨˡ
ҶƽַչõĿںţֲܷʲôصʵʵȨҲںԺ˭ץ飬ҶƽǷʾ
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ίܵȻشҪίоо֮ҪִУִекܾܿͻһȴûܵõеܲãԭһжָκнôˡ
Ҷƽȥίڲȫؾù쵼С飬ͳһָȫصľùȻչְȨίҲзչõְ𣬳ù쵼СͿԶȫصľ÷չͳһͰţԭӵеȨͻתƵίӶʵȫؾ÷չȨ
Ҷƽо˺ü죬ڶ쵼С鳤϶ҪΣ鳤κнΣ쵼Сİ칫ΣȻҪί칫ǳΡ
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÷õĸ粻ҵȰȥӴĸ磬ôȥ˵÷ã÷棬Ȼ˫̸һ̸飬÷һҪûκλأֱԻؾˡ
÷òûʶФ߷ΪФɫнԾֱԾܾˡ
һ÷ýӴϣФûа취ֻ÷ýӴȻ÷÷ùʹԸҶƽ÷ò͸еѰ졣
һκнФַһԭ۹ģ÷õĸʩһѹ÷æȻ£һ÷ҶƽϵȻ˸٣Ҷƽ÷֮ĲԹϵܲҶƽ澡ʧһ㡣
κнĻФ̴ӦκнûⷽĿǣڲˣԣǾͳˡ
εˮߣκн룬סѹҪκ飬ֻҪû֤ݣί˲Ҷôί˺ֱӳʩѹӶüίûȥ


530 ֱ
κн߰飬ҶƽǱѾʼоù쵼С飬ܿٿίίо
֮ǰκнѾ֪Ҷƽ뷨ڳù쵼Сһ£޷ҶƽŰȨץԼУҶƽȨץԼУþʹˡ
һʱǳҶƽҪȫѹˣ˼뷨ˣ϶ȨҲڲѹȥκнڹصĵλֱ½Ҷƽ·ˡ
κнһ룬Ŀоһɫ뵽˵֣ǿص·ҶƽڹصĴˣҶƽټﵣίǣûٸȥˡ
Ҷƽûʲôϵ⣬ץİѱϵФڰţһܸ㵹Ҷƽû⣬ҡҶƽĵλµ׸ô죿
ڰ칫ȥκнͻȻʶһ⣬صľôȨһֱϣûϰȥҶƽҶƽȻûʲô⣬ЩϰȥͣҶƽѵҶƽǰٶ֣ʲô
Ҷƽ÷֮Ĺϵ⣬֮ԽУΪһ𣬶ϰȥѵҶƽܿסϰڵеĺը
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εˮû뵽ҶƽҲûҪҶƽھ̶ԿףίܰôȱԼܱκнͳɻ


538 ѹ
εˮѶҵȴʣҶƽڸͬ˽̧ͷһҶƽεˮɵһ£̴ҶƽĿġ
εˮƽεˮҶڹ㣬ϣ̬ȷʵһ㣡
εˮ͵ôһսΪ£Ҷƽˣο¶㲻ȥˣҶƽĳһ£ֻҪ쵼ԶˣǷٴҲ
Ҷƽ۲˶εˮһ£εˮһ֯˼άܣȼͼ˲Ҫ˵ñķڷС
ߵεˮǰҶƽһۣƽ˵˵岻ãרŹ㣬֯ô꣬ûйҲпͣӹϽûв鴦ɣǵʵй֣ǿǹǹǹҪ壬㷸˴ǾҪ㣬ʱ˳ɼҲ˲ٵõõҲõˣֻʵԼܶԵȥһζ翹ԵףֻУ𲻵κãؼί㣬мίмίУʡίʡίУмίԼǸϣʵҪٴκλˣ
Ҷƽ᲻ظ˵ⷬöεˮһʱеѹڲ˵һȷʵл룬־ܣһǲ磬Ը罻⣬и񣬾Ӧø³Ҷƽһȴǰ뷨ȫ⿪ˡ
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˰죬εˮڵͷԸصΥʵίһЩյΥ󻹽κн֮Ĺϵ⣬ЩҶƽ֮ǰȻ֪ʲô֪һεˮ֪κнιί֯ʱ𲽰ΪԼĺԱġ
κн֪εˮƽ˾ʱ֪εˮѾˣ˵κεĻûˣæҵ·Ҷƽһ״ȡ·֧֡
ƽʱ·ӴĽ϶࣬ҵ·Ҳ֧ίǵģԼ·ԺκнǱȽ㣬˵һĻҶƽڹضרУüͼֶδɲ齲˳ʾȻܵҪҲҪȣʹֶΣڹصĹûչˣίһµĻسɴְˡ
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߸ҶҶ֪Լǰˣͷ֧ҶƽĻͲ⽻ԼֱӷκнԼ˵κнġ
ʱί˷ҶƽƱػãתҶƽʩѹȷ̬סҶƽڹصĴڣҶƽĴ֮еķ˵Ŀĵóѡ
죬ȥӲ칤Ҿ˽һҶûֱӻشĻԸ
һҶҪȥ˽Ҳ㲻Ҷʲô̬ˣֻķԸȥȥӲ칤׼
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Ҳһͬǰʲô˼ѵҶ뵽ģĻºܿǣίǵĵԲһ顣
һ룬κнеϵѹԽԽˡ


539 б
˹أҶһӼĴ쵼ȡҶƽίĹ棬˱֮ҶԹίĹ˳ֿ϶
ԹίĿ϶ȻҶƽĿ϶ҶԱ˼Ҷ̬뷨ͬҶûΪҶƽڹʲô෴ȡǿ϶̬ȡ
ҶΪίΪصĹһί쵼Ͳٷ෴ˡ
ȡҶƽı滹һ棬Ҷ걨֮еίί˴Эϯ̸ֱҲ˽ĻҪ϶ҶƽĹ֮⣬ҲҪ֪Ķ򣬱һҶƽ֧֡
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Ҷصͷû˼κне̹ȻһЩȻЩ飬ˣӲͷƤˡ
ϲʱǺκнվһģͬ־ҶǰҲҶƽһЩҪָҶƽȹͣӰ쵽صĿչӦʵۺϿǣȷ幤ȶ
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Щؼ쵼̸˰ĻҶԹίİһжϣȻκнҶƽЩϴҶҶƽǱȽϿɵģҲ˵Ҷƽﵣίǣûʲô⣬иʲôһǳ෴ûǲˣĻͻ˵Ҷƽ̫Բѷ˶չ˺ˣһʲô£
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һҶƽˣҶǳȣ˵ʱôˣСñץѱ
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еҹ˾ʵȽǿûа˾̫ΪǴˣ˾ոճûʲô飬ʱ϶Ǿǡ
ҹ˾˿ʼʱ򣬶͵ڷˣһ뿪˻᳡ľʵ˾еǼҹ˾֮еġ
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һеҹ˾ʱЩܻΪҲþȴ˾ʤ˳
ǲȶ˾ı˻ɣǾ˾һ֪˾ô˾ȷʤ
Ȼ˲ɣûص֤ݣֻ̾Ϣȥ˵Ľ˱꣬Ҷƽæһ绰ʾףء


540 ʵ̫
˾˱꣬Ľ˾κнǩԼκнһμھǻĽͻȻ֣һĻɡ
˾ʡǵĹ˾ǹ˾ĵȴǲһھǻⲻֻɵ뷨ǩ֮κнЦ˵ĽܼǲǾǵİƺһڵľǻô뵽СطͶʰ
Ľ΢΢һЦҶطİڶֻͶأҲطչĶ磬ҵչãԺĹκس֧֣
û뵽ĽڶֻͶʣκнȻǹªˣڨڨЦЦĽ֡
ǩԼԺĽԹʽȥҶƽˣҶƽԼİ칫ӼҶƽ֮Ц˵ƽôûʧɣȻ㲻ңҲ˱꣬ǲҪлһ£
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һӦԼĽһ£طҲûʲôóԵģҪȥгԣ
ҶƽбҪôԶһͺˡ
Ľ˵ȥԣ߳˼ҿ㲻ãԶһ㲻𣿡
ĽǵҲǣҶƽһµҪٺ쵼һ𲻾𣿾˵ǣ
УǵаţһԣȻ㲻ȥԶطҪԼôĽһ⡣
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ĽЦţҶƽоڰ칫Ӵ˴Ͳˣæ˵úãһȥ
ǾˣȥǱ߰һ顣ĽڴӦˡ
ȥҶƽ룬ӦˣҿԼѾ˻飬߿Ҫ֪˻ûꣿ
һ뵽߿ҶƽȴҲǸеʹƽ֮ô죿һͺˣһֱеȽܣ
һ룬ҶƽͻȻԼҲǵǻ֪ˣԺô죿һŮ˽а
һ룬ҶƽǰֳöŮ˵Ӱӣȴǲ֪һô죬ֻҲȥ£Ĺ˵
ϣĽָһ绰ԼסҶƽֻ˰࣬ȻԼһ˿ųȥһС
˭֪Ҳɣ÷þҲסԱߣҶƽҲ֪ģû뵽ͻ
һҶƽ÷ñϲصҶǣôǲҵİҸպҪؼҡ
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ղ˵Լģ˵ЦԼԼĻӦǰԼһ绰ġ
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ĽԸķԱ˵ˣҶƽ˼ũСǸϽûȥ
Ľصôżȥ
ҶƽЦ㲻ֵطǲȥҪһֱﲻɣ
ĽץסһӣһµҿǹģǲԸһԷ


541 
˵ʱҶƽֻڵķ˵ԽԽ󣬱Ͳãһøˡ
ֻ˵ΣİɣǶġ
ǺǣҸǣ㲻ҵģһǸСҶߣˣôһд϶군ˡ
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һᣬҶƽˣһ˲ǱФϵĸɲФط£ˣ巹ȽԾԷˡ
벻ڱʲô跨£Ҷƽһʱŭκнز
ôһ룬ҶƽĽ˵ȻȥҪһ顣
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Ľ뿪֮ҶƽߵĮ̇ǰԷķԱ˵ȥһæǼǾ˵ǵҸˡ
ԱһܵФǸ˵һ˽˵ĻǷԱôһ˵ʱһˣҶƽһǹίǸ˶ڹ磬˶ίǡ
˶һæߵ̨ǰ˭ʣԱԱһָҶƽվ˶һҶƽͻȻһæ˵ҶҶǣô
˶ǸӣҶƽҸǽˣǲҪҽȥԷ
˶֪ҶƽôǲʲôϢй¶ˣ˵˸ܣȥҶƽɫǳã¿ô죿
ҶҶǣ룬룡˶ҶƽȥǸԷ
Ҷƽɨ˸˶һֱۣǸȥ˶ǰ漱æţһű˵Ҷˡ
û˵꣬Ф˾ͿҶƽһҶƽæվһʱ֮֪˵ʲôˡ
ҶǣôФǿб򶨣ǿЦŶҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ˽ɨһۣͻȻһЦû£һԶٷôӭӭ
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Ф״ҲæóҶƽҶƽǰȻҲҪ̫Ŀֱ˹ȥ
Ҷǣȱưɣ˶ҶƽºҪҶƽơ
Ҷƽѱǰһ˵ҵ㣬ҲѾϣȻӭҹǾͰѾƶϣ֮ʲôҲһݣ
һ֣Ф˵ˣǾ飬һҶƽ˵֣ǿ϶Ҷƽ֮ǰ֪ʲôҶƽǹǡ
˶Ƶ̲Ҷƽô˸ǣܲܵ
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ûʲôûʲôɶԺȰҶƽɨȫӵ˵
˶ԶˣҶƽתͷФΣҪ˵˵ԶشسܹҪʲôܲҲμӣ
Фطǳ죬תһ룬Ҷƽôôˣһģ
ҶǣǾǳԳԷˣûʲôģҶǣԶôģФԹΪأҶƽһ
Ҷƽһ˵һЦҴԶعôˣոҪھȡˣ仯Ҳ̫˰ɣ
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ˣǼȻᣬǾֻȾƣٷǣǲ᲻ӣһھƲȰɣҶƽ룬㲻飬ǶƱǺȾơ
һӣ˶æӦվʾҶһƣȻͰѱоƺȥһҲվҶƽһȥ
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544 ӵ
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545 һ
ԼһԷҶƽϣͺһίԺʳóһ㹤ͣҶƽ󣬰ίԺʳýһ¸죬ƽʱ޴ԷͨԱһԷĵطһͨԱϲ
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Ů˵Ķʼ֮ǷǳֵģȻ֮Ҳ뷨Ҷƽǰûбֳʲô߹ȥ΢Ц÷õ֣˵Ц
ʳãҶƽרźһͣκн֮Ҷƽе࣬ٵһЩ飬ûǰֽŵˣ÷һͽһܷɵ顣
÷ôʱǸˣίǺسһԷʲôİ칫Ա֪󣬿϶ἵʵҪǴûй飬ֻܸл쵼ĺˣ


546 鷳
һʳԷҶƽһһŮһСŮ˶ǿɫ£ҶƽͻȻе㲻ʣ챾÷Ϥһµģڿ˲ûĶٻѹע㶼ˡ
ԴӵҪ쵼˸Ƕʱ⣬ʱ䣬ﶼģû취⵱Ҫ쵼һ쵼ͬﶼǴĵλá
ʱǴů֮ʱ÷ú˾ͬʢʻţҶƽм䣬ֻ㡣
ƽǣ㿴Ǵů֮ʱǲҪ֯ιѧϰһ£ôӵʶһڲˮͻȻ΢ЦſҶƽ˵
÷ԱһãιѧϰʵǱΣ˭ȥлһι۾ͺˡ
Ҷƽ֮ЦԿǣǼҪѧϰҪĿԣܳѧϰ죬ɶѧϰǵǰڼӿ쾭÷չԶѡѧϰģʽʵĵطȥѧϰһ¡
ЦǾͺãҸѧϰһҲǿԿҵ˼άٽĹ
˼Ҷƽһ£¼ؾһֵѧϰĵطҪϵһ£¼زιѧϰ
ţҶƽû˵õȵϵ֮˵÷ѡһԶһĵطȥιѧϰǿǾͿԺúһˡ
û೤ʱ䣬ίίٿо÷Ϊ츱εڵĳί϶ҶƽˣɻȻǳίԴκн֮Ծ޾ɵˡ
÷츱Σ÷ί׷÷õʱе÷õ̫ˣҶƽ÷ֹϵģеʱ˱˰
÷õί˲СɧǴҲ÷õԼһŮسĻ÷øֻᡣ
÷ʽȥ츱ΣǳмҶƽȴ֪αҶƽһԣҺһ쵼Ҷƽ̸˵أǷ֮룬̫ˡ
ȻЩҶƽ֮ĹϵǱϾҶƽŸģҲͬģԶҲǺѺãȫ渺ԼΪרְ顣
κнܶ࣬еЩǧͷ뾡ذãϵ⣬еܲ˳ŷ淢һ»ǴҪǲɣץְҪռλӲʺӰ쵽Ĺ
еʱֵҲǷǳǿƣŮˣǲ̫ƽϣҪַԼŮԵƣһͷˡ
ʸ񣬴ʱһŮسһ٣ͷʱˣòûе涥ײºȥҳɻ˵һ£ŶԸķӡ
ɻȽϷ꣬һκнĵ룬д˵Фмί湩һЩ飬пҪ£ȻҲû̸飬ҲЩণһܵʱеһɽ֮УԭƵλ׵߸
ɧǣƢǲСҲһΪǶǰ裬Ǿ㹤ûͶһôɻԷ˵
׳ɻ˼ǰȫƵ϶ǲ˽ʱ򷳶ᷳ
ɻ֮룬õ뷨κнߣ˵ӦسȴһǨ֮·ˣ˵ںܲأʩչֽţίһѡسһ֮
һ룬Ͱϵʱǲˣĵܲӭһӵɻĵ绰˼һ档
ɻһϰ˵ˣȻСѣȻϰñ쵼֮󣬾ͱʾǳسͬʱΪ
Ȼ֪ϵԼ⣬޷κн֮໥ڹγһκнһߣرûͷˡ
ϲȻ˴ΣûκнĴڣԳŲɻֻһسֲôһ㣬κн֮ܳŵطʵɵ˾
ɻʾԸ쵼뷨ߣȻس˵ҶƽûнسıЩڿóɻĴڣﵽĿģ˳ɻĻ֮󣬶û˵ʹӦˡ
̸֮󣬳ɻһȥƼκнκнȻߣӰڣֻҪκнĸɲ绰Щ˻ҪģԸǸһôͿЩҲĻ
һκнֽһ壬ҶƽԴһʱ֪ʵ뷨׼Ƽ뿪صػֱصسߵλһֻ֣һʱûüѡ
ѷһ֮󣬷Զ̬ȺһЩʲôҪ֧ʹҲ֧ʹˣо²ǿӲһ㣬Щ˸һŭͰˣʹû÷õĴڣЩҲðá
ʱǵģǽȴǸоµĻǸˣ¶ʾ֣㱨ԽԽ࣬౨ʾڵİͷһæҲæ꣬ЩҲ֪Ҳʾô죿
ҪеεģͻȻ⣬ίʱȻûô񣬶Ҳûʲô߰飬ƽʱɶˣڵãһ쵽æꡣ
æһڣоܲˣҲûʱأҺøɷĸ鲻̫ãĻܸ
ְҶƽԼһϰڴ绰ҶƽĹϵԭκнҶƽ֮ûȵġ
һ֮ҶƽԹ飬ҶƽԺ󣬲˼о⣬ٶ࣬ҲǶеһ˵ͷϣرҪ쵼ֻشŻύЩС飬ֻҪֹܵ쵼ˣֻ˵Żύ
ΪǱߣȻҪеسɻɻ˲Żس㱨ﻹҪ賣سسҪճȻֹֹܵܵĸسҲǸ˾ְֻҪŻ㱨ʱ;ȥ˼£ôֱ뵽嵱ȥˣ
տʼû¸ɣ˲棬ȴͻȻ棬϶֮˿ʼˣĿĵȻе롣


547 ʶʱ
˽֮ҶƽǾóɻʵڲ󻰣רŵһŮͬ־ķ֮ŻȻԭ࣬ǳɻǲΪԼǣ鶼Ƶˡ
ƽ⼸̫ˣһֱ⹤ûˣҪί㱨ɻǼߣǷǳߵ˵
ҶƽЦŵô׵£ɻǿκнˣܲˣһȻ뷨㣬ȲҪܻ˸ɵģһЩˣǲԸɣǻС÷Ըɻġ
һҶƽ˵һۣƽҿС÷ͦ͵ģﲻߣʹãҿһŮ顣
еĻлҶƽǺǴЦĶȥˣС÷ǸŮͬ־ڸ㵱ʣȻҲһֱ߲ǣ˵ˣһͳɻ̸㣬ҪǲϣȻί㱨ˡ
̽һҶƽ뿴һҶƽ÷֮ʵϵһҲûɶЦҾģҸչˣҲǵˣʲôҪҵľ˵
һʮͻݵӣҶƽеůůģһŮˣΪˣߵλӣҲһµģԼҲ̫¡
һ룬Ҷƽ˵ĶȥˣǴӣʲôչ˵£ʲô˽ֻҪͷģҲẬ
ǺǵЦһĵӣȻǰǺϵ쵼ˣҶƽһһСŮ˵ӣûһسӡ
˱߳ԱģԺ˾һ䲿¥ʤʱ䲿пһﲻ룬صǺسϵܰ
ڶ죬Ҷƽί绰ɻί㱨ڹɻӵίĵ绰֪д˾٣ίԺ
¥ֱ֮Ҷƽİ칫ң֮Ҷƽһ½ڵĹĽһ¡
ڽһЩƸͷûжٹڻشʱǽúǼ򵥣Ļ֮ҶƽԴصسس鲻֪ҪҪس㱨Ĺ˳ĹͻܵӰ죬Ҫص㹤ŵùϣȼҿһҪ¼Ǳѧϰһ£гίͬ־;ùŵĸͬ־ҪμӣһԱίʱһȥ
Ҷƽɻһ飬ĹȻûֱǳɻҲ֪϶Ҷƽ㱨ˣҶƽ첻˵ҶƽĹϵʮֽܣһֹϵǳܵûʲôΪˡ
ɻֻôӦҶƽҪڹȻˣ׻᲻վһȴǲ֪˫ûнţԵ˼ʲôӶ˵
ɻȥ֮һ£оؾҶƽĿ֮ˣֿҲʲôˣѵӴֻ֮Ҷƽʵʵĸɻˣ
ʱգɻеıٴҲӲ˼ҶƽģҶƽڰ͵ô죬ô죬Ҷƽʩѹûˣٺĵλ¾Ͳˡ
֮󣬳ɻѷ·ټ˵һ£·һ˵֮ͬԺٸʲôˣʵʵص͵Щɣ˵ΪҲԤе鷳ˣڲˣ͵͵ǿڲʣȥдڵ⣬ȥĻڲñ¶ڶҪܵ뷨Ļ˼ȥʲô£
⼸˵صһˣҲᶨһˣһֱκнĵΪУɻţ˼һ²űʾͬ⣬ʶʱΪܣ£϶Ҫ¡
һ飬ʱϢģȻǶں棬ȫҲЧ
Ҷƽĸ֮£еǰ˺ܴĸı䣬Ͽʼ˳ˣҶƽҪҲʼɵĴڣǸسֹܳǽǰڵĳй滮ģɵĲҶƽ͡
û죬Ҷƽʹһǰ¼ؽѧϰˣ֮ǰͻϵ˵Ҫιۿ죬Ǻǫ飬˵ûʲôѧϰģҪ˵ѧϰ컹ҪȥҶƽߡ
ҶƽȻ֪ǫ飬ǺǵЦö顣
ҶƽҪȥίҲҪȥȻ󼸸뾭ùйصĲŸҲȥƺƵʮˣֳ˹һ¼ʻȥ
÷ú֣˶ȥˣǷֱҶƽ飬ְֻһЩ÷ñΪᵽԶһĵطȥιѧϰĻԱһ£ڿ£¼õҲһٶӣҲûʲôεľ㣬ȫʲôΡ
ʸͳίһϵĹǴˣ飬ҵ츱εְҲûʸģҶƽһϣ÷õȻҲ
ڳҶ˵˵ЦЦշǳǢɻһϣӦҶƽһģڶҶƽеҶƽ󿿽ˣҶƽѾһ㣬ŻΪس¡
ҶƽӳԶǣƼΪسǲֻǻỹûѣͳסˣĶЩԭ֧֮ı֣ĵ֧ˣЩϲˡ
ҲûʲôĵģѾϣίǱ߻æµһϵеİӣκнһߣҪĸٽһңҪΪӴ˾´󼪣ʲôҲûˣǲܵ飬Ŀ겻ǽκнߣǲشڵĸ
ȻЩ£ڳҶƽ黹Ǻܸ˵ģʱ䲻ĳίǲ̫죬ҶƽĴڣҲ˵Ц죬ӢϼһŮͬ־ȻĵһˣŮϲһЩҳҶ̵£ҶƽһͲˣʤ״ͺ
ʤԴؾһֱҶƽΨҶƽհˣҶƽʱСģҶƽӣееԼǲȨ̫ʢˣǰǽС΢ӣȥҲУĻ߶һ֮ͽʱһͻƮƮȻ֪Ȼ϶Ҫ


548 ιѧϰ
Ҷƽ·ʼ˼⣬Ҳɲȹͣµж˺޲̹ηηǰȥֻǲʶ⣬ʤҷˣҪע⣬Լ뵽һŵĵزҪѵͷԡ
һ룬ҶƽһʤԼ˳ӵӣЩˣʤһӷ֪Ҷƽˣ˰Ҳûʲôԭʵʤ˿κˣǲ֪ԼʵֻҪԼˣҪ̫ǵ飬ʴӣŪⶼˡ
˲Сʱʱ͵¼أسԲǰӭҶƽ֪Ҷƽ֮һҲҵרʮӭҶƽ
ùصĸɲеͦȺ˵ģʵǲ֪ⶼǸҶƽӣרӭҶƽҲǺܸжС˷һףԺ˵ܳɴ
¼ίԺһ³߹֣ȻҶƽ֣ҶƽǺǵЦǣ鷳ˣлǰ
Ц鷳ʲôϣ鷳ǵңʵҲûʲôιѧϰģֻһЩ飬ʱǽһ¡
ҶƽǺǵЦǾѧϰģһҪߴͽ̡
Цȥ֣һ־˹ȥȻ΢Цʾһڡ
Ҷƽ¼سԲ֣ԲȥȽᣬڻ治˵ʲôڻ쵼£ûʲô˵ĻᣬԲǲʲôġ
֮Ҷƽûȥιѧϰһ£ͰͷȽϳɫļһ£ҶƽѡҶƽ˰죬˵ѡʲôȫȥˡ
һͲö˵ʲôˣֱӴҶƽһһȥιۡ
¼⼸ľ÷չϿ죬ҪӪñȽϷʹòȴҶƽǵһͶʵĴĿȥ˿
ĿͶʮڣ¼һĿռһƬĵأһĵӹҵ԰Ŀڽ赱УҶƽһ̫ˣһĿصľҪõأһĿܰѹصľùˡ
ҶƽϸʣͰˣ˵ʡͷ֧ĿҪΪӹõصͶӿ췢չʵͷû̫á
Ҷƽ֮͸о⽭ʡĿֻ֧ǱȽϵʡ֧־ЩˣȻҲ뽭ʡȽϷйء
Ҷƽ룬Ҳ۵ͶΪʲôܽĿʹһҲǺõģ뷨֮㿼Ǹôͻ˵ôܰĿŪ֡
ιӹҵ԰ҶƽڻĴ²ι˵صİļӹҵ¼Ӫ÷ͷǰĳȻģСǴЧܸϰӲٵ롣
ⷽĲҵҲѧϰһ£Ҷƽ¼ؾÿ¼صľÿĹģǹܱȵģ˴ҵפѾγɹģЧӦֻǵҵûγһĹģ
֮ҶƽҲǸпʡľ÷չˮƽˣ¼һ֮˼Ҿ÷չˮƽǸ߳һΣⲻǶʱ֮ܳԽģڹֻǴû׼ŽԽˡ
ҲǸпţصĸɲ춼ڶж˼ڷչϣڻöˣҶƽû֮ǰҲڶԺ֣໥ɣԹصͶʻҪӰ죬¹ؽľ÷չˮƽԽԽϱȥȫٵģһ˼¼ȣֳˡ
ԽԽпҶƽиܵķչԽԽأʱҴȥԺҪӿ췢չٶȡ
ιһһ磬ڰеĵط֮꣬ҶƽܣִҶƽίԺܣҪʡ֧֣شͳҵķ֣ͶʻĸƣȵļӴⶼ¼÷չҪ顣
Ҷƽܴ֮ܵʵеķչ֮ûзչ죬Ҫ⼸ԭ򣬰ʡû㹻֧֣ԴͳҵҲȱ֧ȣͶʻ˵ˣʹȻҲ˿ںţûжûʲôЧ
˽⵽¼صʡ֧ûģʡҲʡѴԴͳҵ֧ԼͶʻĸƻмӴȣȴǿԽһЩȡӿ쾭õķչ
¼صĴͳҵǰҵڵļҲִͳĲҵھӦַչ¼ؾһ£ͶʻڱҪƣظɲųÿҪ󣬶ҵɺܴ˺ⷽþ
ʹҶƽе󲻹ĽĵֻͶʵزȥзزǲеģйҵûҵӽˣ˭ȥȥúĽһ£Ͷҩҵ˾չҵ
˻ľܣҶƽڻϷԼĸпʾл¼ṩѧϰĻᣬͬʱͨĲιѧϰеѧϰ˺ܶ࣬¼ֵѧϰĵطȥԺһҪѧϰľ飬ѹصľ÷չȥ
ᣬдҶƽ˳ԷȻѾ磬ϻȥͿܺˣǻҪҶƽԷҶƽʢȴֻ֮󣬻ʹҶƽ˴Ƶ꣬˺üȻĳί쵼һ㣬Եú֡
ҶƽȻͻһкҶƽ˺Ⱦƣɻ˿Ҷƽ飬û뵽˼һ¼صίǣҶƽϵٺãҲ𾴰ɣ
¼صسԲҶƽô飬ȻҲǺӣͣؾҶƽľƣҶƽһ΢Цһ
Ȼôֳϲȿ϶ǲеģһŮ߲ȻǲŹžƱҪȣڣʾԼޣ
ôܷŹѾƱһҪˣһɵۣûôľƣǻ飬Ⱦе㲻˼ӣΪ֮ʱ÷һЦվǣǵسޣҾⱭưɣ
һۿ÷ã쵱Ȼǵû뵽˴ҲܸǰιѧϰҶƽˣ˵Ҷƽ֮һһȣԼľƣΪڻ


549 ƽѩ
ǺŮȾƣ첢û÷õʸ񣬶ǻ÷õľ֪ϴһȾʱ÷ûȶپˣڸȾƣûˢӡ
һ룬ӦһãȻ÷úһľƣ÷ûκξɫ治ɫص˾ƣȻ˵ǣȸ˰
һ÷þȻȸˣ첻Լ۾ǺôһưҽУȻȸˣ
ЩС÷ˣ÷Դί칤ƽʱƿǾȣ˲٣Ůûôܸһ쵼һȾƣ쵼һȾƣ˭ʶ㰡
һͲϣһĺȾƳϣ÷øͲôһ¶ǣȲ
÷վﹾ๾غ꣬첻ɵؽһãҶƽתͷһüһ÷úȾˣƢǲİ
÷ú꣬쵱ȻҲú꣬һ¶ǣ÷úˣͬʱҲŰ£Ϊһú˺ȣֻȰɣ
÷ͦΪȾƣڻ֮΢Ц÷õļʾл÷ЦЦӦһ¡
ҶƽھϺųƾɣûмһľƣƽ˵Ļ϶ǲеģȣÿһºһ£˭ҲܲˣҶƽȴ߲ܣ¼ص쵼ǸһǵǾǺܺˣڼһܺȵˣҿȥǧ
ҶƽԱߣһʱеۣⲻǹҶƽ𣿼æǰƵ˵ҶǺȶˣôȣ
֮ԾȻ䣬Ҷƽû̫£һĻǺܸж÷ôĺܣǸҪҶƽȾƵ¼쵼ҲǶ߹ȥ˵ҾһƣҶЪϢһ¡
¼ص쵼һλŮԸΪҶƽݣҲ˫ķˣҶƽڹصӲŮ̱һԸΪСҲȡ
ŮӲֻܾܾ÷ҶƽȾƣת÷úȣҶƽȻܺȣôøǻᣬҲԦ֮Աװܵ˵ȶˣٺˣС÷Ҹ¼ص쵼Ǿƣ
Ҷƽһ˵÷þǻԾתȥǵľƣһʱ֮һС߳һӣҶƽͬ¶һ΢Ц
֮ϯɢ쳹׺ˣҶƽֶվˣҶƽֱʾлаͳȻͻ˹ء
ȥԺҶƽȻҪӿ쾭õķչҪӿ쾭õķչҪŻͶʻڿչɲι֮ҶƽһµĻǾͶʻΣȻ˵ɲβͬȴɲɲ粻ãͶʻ϶Ҳǲá
ҶƽͬʱУɲûֹҪȥͶʻŻʽʼרŻͶʻ쵼С飬оҪǴӲĻС
ӲҪǼǿʩ裬ؿ·辭ÿѿڵĵ·ͨӰ쵽طչĽͨƿ򿪣ӲŻĹʵһ÷չḶ́ȫȻЭҪ
ɻ˿ҶƽȫˣչʱˣȻĹǿҲסˣֻҪһоû氡ڿϱǺż
Ӳ棬ǳ׼ͶʵͶǰͶʣҪͶǰͶʣͱô÷ⷽǣɲ⣬ǰ鴦ɲֻǲǸʲôθɲǱʲôҪһ
ҶƽӲᷢʲô⣬ϾⷽһĽȴǸеѹܴרŰⷽĹõԼϣö١
ץӲĻ裬Ȼ¼ѧϰľ飬רŸһļӹҵЭᣬԹ¼ӵļİҵзַչȡ¼һ
ⷽҪŸֹܵĸسץⷽ£Ȼسǹ滮ҲҪȫƽҪǰѹ滮䵽ʵⷽҶƽҲҪһЩġ
һʱ֮䣬ĹǧͷûʱϢˣĽڹسҪһ棬ȴҲûʱˣһһ˸еģ绰ƽѩ벻һ¡
ӵĽĵ绰ƽѩһ뵽ҶƽĽǰͶʷز£ʵ뷨оĽǲҶƽ֮ʲôȻǺѣǻ᲻ɵسⷽȥ롣
ԣƽѩǺĽϵˣһĽִ˵绰ҶƽԼȥǲȥ
ƽѩڹ缯ҲǸһˣҲݵˣҪأʡ缯ŵܵͬԸ⾪ǣ룬һΪá
Ľĵ绰ƽѩ룬͸λ˵У˽һũĵչһҪ󣬵λ쵼˵ܺãũĵչҪ˽һ£Ϊһĵչṩݡ
λ쵼ܸ£ҪΪṩ㣬ƽѩȴЦžܾˣ˵Լȥ˽⣬дɱ档
λ쵼һ˵ȻǸо죬ǲֹƽѩһǰء
Ľרŵʡȥƽѩ֮ĽǶƽѩ˵ѩҸһ飬ҶƽѾˣ
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ƽѩũ忴˿ũǺܲöĵϻҶƽ͸еȷʵҪƽѩȡ֧һ£һЩʽѹصũ»ˡ
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ת˼ӣƽѩõ˵һϣһƬ˵оһӣڿ֮ȴһʹУðбдˣ
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Ҷƽ΢ЦŴƣôҾũһ֣˱㾲ũĺͦǿġ
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һ˵Ҷƽֹס˵ϴү˵ʲô뾡˵ء
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ĽܣҴسһƣ÷ʱվơ
ǽȻ˶Ľɲǻ죬һҪƵĻĽ˵ôܴسأⱭƿҾسģ


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أƽѩ̧ͷҶƽʵ
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ҶƽͲôĿ˹ƽѩÿһЩط˯˴һߡ
ʱѽӽҹȻ⣬һⴲȴʧˣƽѩƺڴĳķҶƽȴǺ˼룬Ҳ˯š
˯ֱﰡҶƽԺҪ˯ŵʱͻȻеһֻڴ壬ʶȥһȵ͵۾һ֪ƽѩʱ˹أ
ƽѩѾ˯£ǰɢڸţҶƽȻ֮һֳ嶯һѽƽѩ§˻
ƽѩͬһֻ˳СĶġһ˲ڵһ
һҶƽʶղŷʲôƽѩ˳Ļһ˯ȥ
ƽѩӣҶƽеԼҪˣ˼ҿǵһΰ߿ˣһֱҲûпǵٽ飬òˡ
Ľֱڶ糿ûйҶƽ糿˴ƽѩ󣬿˿ıĶҶƽ߹ȥһڣƽѩ˴
ƽͷסƽѩһߴ·һ߶Ҷƽ
Ҷƽ˵ס䲿Ǳߣ쵼ס
ƽѩԺͺҶƽסһ𣬵ڿУĽǲǵס
ҶƽûǵķӣǺ徻
ƽѩ˵ͷȻ˵ƽԺô룬˵ˣ
⻰˵ˣҶƽ˿ǲ˼һʱ嶯ˣǳ嶯ˣ͵ö㸺ʲô뷨
һҶƽ⻰ƽѩǺǵЦôҸ𰡣
ҶƽɨһۣЦЦķʽ㸺ô
ƽѩЦ˵˼ɲְôҸ𣿡
ҶƽǺһЦôһᰡ
ƽѩʱЩ˵ĵһûҪأ
ûˣ㲻ǲްɣҶƽʧ˵
ƽѩͻȻ߹ȥҶƽһ˵ҵûؾһ£Ұ
ҶƽǺǵЦûٶ˵ʲôˣƽѩ̬Ȱɡ
ȵ緹ʱĽˣһװǵ˵ѽһȥˣѩ¸ˣѩǲԼڱ˯İ
ƽѩɨһۣصǰҹһһҹû˯ã
ĽҶƽһۣתͷƽѩʲôһƽôģ
ƽѩ
ҶƽЦЦҹаѩˣҾֻèѼˡ
аֻèѩòĽЦ˵
ƽѩһµʲôèһֻСè㺦㣡
ĽǺǵЦűʾҶƽҲЦţƽѩԹĽһ£ʵء
˵˵ЦЦ˾Ͱ糿ķ꣬극ԺƽѩͱʾҪؾѹصܽһºûȥ棬ʵȥͰ˵˵Ҷƽ¡
ҶƽҪһҪҵ˾쵼㱨һ£ȡԹع֧֣ƽѩʹӦİɣһá
Ľٰƽѩߣƽѩĳû߶ԶĽЦϰˣ
ƽѩһתͷһ£ͻȻЦأ
ĽǺһЦҸеЩСأ
ȥİɣңƽѩǹԹص


554 
ƽѩؾǣҶƽоȫؿչһũɲνרũĸɲһΣʵũȨĻ
ش˿ڶũũɲôôȺһеĸܣũɲΪôȺھͻΪɲôӶӰ쵽Լǿũ嵳֯ǷǳбҪģˣиȺϵƶȫطչ
ؼίί֯ͬչί֯Ҫǽ岿ؼίҪũɲڵΥ໥ϣȷȡʵЧ
Ҷƽȫ԰Լ˼һЩ飬ȻùһĶ̰壬ĻҪѾ棬һĹء
Ǹũӳ⣬һóɻȥԺе飬һҲؼίϣȥһ飬Ǹ֧ûо⣬ֻҪоһҪ鴦ƻ
ؼίǰ飬֧һֱźܣż󣬸ûĴ絳ίΪܹܵ˴Ⱥھ˵˴֧飬ûпǵʺϲʺϵδ֧ǣûʣһ˴֧飬ѹգĴ̺ôûһɲӣŪôİշǳУָŭԡ
ũʹˣŸҵҶƽἰ£ȥԺ󣬾˸֧飬֪󣬱˵ũļУвũһŰݡ
Ҷƽżίǰ¥е飬ʱ䲻ͲʵаصǮȫӻװ˵ˡ
ؼί֧˫棬ͬʱ뵳͵δ֧ǵ鶼ǻ¥粻εĽһϱҶƽ
Ҷƽű˼ãһ¼һũ嵳֯Ľ裬ڴɲϣĿ죬ֻͼһʱʡģⰲԱԱ֮ȥעؼල͹´һĸɲΪǮ̣ûκι˼֮
ĿǣҶƽоҪӴһΣʶũ嵳֯Ľʧְ
һ룬Ҷƽ㿼Ҫɽеʹֵ飬Ȼˣ˭ˣԼĹܳκε⡣
ҶƽڱǩԼʾҪؼίԸ֧뵳͵δ֧һ½׷𣬻¥絳ί͵ίǳҪеʧΣҪȫؽͨ
ҶƽʾŵؼίǸİͷ̿оȻҶƽ㱨ķʽĻ㱨֮ҶƽԻ¥絳ίͨԵίǳɸԵھ洦֣ί֯ίԱؾ洦֡
Ҷƽ֮ͬؼίͨ·Ȳ֪飬Ȼ֪֧鱻£ǲû뵽д֡
ͨʱɵˣû뵽ؼίദؼί˸ҶƽҪ󣬳һͷһˣ벻Ҷƽ֮Ľ飬Ҳ˴֡
ȻﲻˣͨЧȴǷǳĺãڳҶƽĹϵȽУڿˣ쵼ȻҲǽץενһЩʵµũɲֹؼίˣǵʧΡ
ũ֧ôͱˣ뵽ҶƽĴ𸴣ôһ룬һȺŵѣίſڡ
ίԺſڵıһһȺϰգΪϷõģһӽһҪҶƽˣⲻҪίϷǻ˵ã
ŷþ̸ֵ˹ũȴǶ˵лҶƽҶƽͼֵѵģϣܼҶƽһ档
һŷþֵһôϷǼϵĵӿǲС޷Ҷƽ᲻ǣ㼱æ绰ί챨֪顣
Ҷƽʱڰ칫ŸĹ㱨ǿڲͷ˽ʣ·һЩ˳صƽؼίؼί˾ͱ˸硣
Ҷƽ㱨ˣҶƽһ·ڲ̰۵ɣüͷһ壬Ÿδ⣬Фмίţ·ֱ¶ˣԸǿе飬ڹȻнˣʱ·дˡ
·ڳ˸س鴦Ȩ޻мί黹ҪмίС
һ룬Ҷƽ͸ȥмίһˣѫ㱨һ飬Ҫߵʱ֣ѹҪ
Ҷƽ˭Ҫ֪ԭǻ¥ϰҪʱû˵øһ˳ȥ
Ҷƽֱ¥֣ѽ󣬻ûߵԺſڣŷþֳƨƨߵ˹㱨һ顣
ҶƽһһߵͷȻܿ˽Ӽĵص㣬ũһҶƽˣæ˵ؽеҶǣҶǣ
һũҶƽ΢Ц˹ȥүôˣ
ũȺڰѷŵҶƽǰҶǣǵճˣ͵ѳԡ
һǰ⼸ӵѣǻôԶ·ѣҶƽЩжæ˵ôרŸѰһᡣ
ЩֻǴίԺſڵŷңҶƽһﲻʣҪǺúõһģȺڹ˼
ũû뵽Ҷƽǵ¥ϵĻң˵ǹֻ뿴һۣ͵ѣл鴦˴ǣҲûʲôҪѾߵģͲҪ¥ˡ
ҶƽȴûͬҪ󣬶ǰ棬һ¥ŷþֳû뵽ҶƽȺѵˣæȥҶƽ⡣
ǵ˶¥һңҶƽһһ߽ȥȻԸίԱǵϲˮдãЩȺһЩܳղſڲŶˣ벻ھȻ˹˵ȥ˶ţھôһˡ
һʱĴţûйƺһж˺棬Ҷƽȥû̸ְ˰йǵȺǣֹŷúȺڹģҪһ£Ȼְʤй֯һϰյĺ֪ũĵ֯蹤
֮⣬ҶƽְǱһֹũҵĸسйһ̸˽һ»¥ֲȻһũҵչ
һʱ֮䣬ҶƽԱˣҲһοչȺڹĻᣬʶҪǴڰ칫Ҫ߳ȥȺڽнӴȡǵΣõһֵϡ


555 Ⱥڹ
˻ңʱҶƽôðӵ绰ΪҪٿʲôȺڹ飬һ֪һЩͨȺڣҶƽҪʲôޱߵҶƽ
ʤֹũҵĸس֪֮ҲǸе֣ûʲô̫뷨ҲҶƽߡ
˵룬Ҷƽǽ˻¥Ⱥڣѵ˵һ˵Ǹе֣ǲҶƽ㣬ϰոѡ
֮Ҷƽ˵ȺڹһֱĹЩǵȺڹˣȺڽѵˣǰЩȥ˻¥磬ʶʮȺڣǸѣҺܸжͬʱҲе̫ܲ٣Ⱥȴ̫࣬ǲӦ£ȺȴǴмǣղſڻûнԺ棬ΪϷõȺڣȺڹˣܼȺھΪǵġ硯ʲôģӦǵԼһдûиԼѡרŰǽǵԼѣдǽȺڹӦǣһҪﻮһȫصȺڹ飬һ飬һҪǵȺڹã
Ҷƽũһʮ˵ص㽲Ⱥڹ⣬Ȼǽʤģũ֮ҲǸеҶƽһλù٣һλȺڣȺڵĺù١
ҶƽĻǶ˶û˵ʲôʤţ¼ҶƽĻֹũҵĸسҲˡ
˵Щ֮ҶƽûʲôӦжʱϲǵȺڵҲ˵תũүֲûʲôҪרŷֹũҵĹسǿԳԣ˵ʲôԣʲôҪҲ
ũҶƽĻһʱЩ˵ʲôˣͣͣ˵ҶǣǽûʲôҪ󣬾һ棬һѣֲķǳã˵ʲôҪǵȻȥúãǾͰˣĸɲҶ˸ˣǸе⣬һǾϣͷ˵ʱһǵЩƷʲõˣǣҲûʲôҪġ
ũʵǵ˵ЩҶƽе˵ĺܷʵʣûʲô黰׻Ĺͨϰո㡣
ũĻ֮ҶƽسûУһҪȥ뵽ȺȥȡǵͺĹеӵץũҵֻץũҵĿũҵĿǮǹҸģ˭ץ˽ȺڵҪһֵʵҪģֻյǵҪ󣬲֢ܶҩȷ򣬷ǾҪ뵽嵱ȥ¥ֲڷչԽԽ죬ũҵĲһҪ÷񣬰Ⱥ׬Ǯƣȥ¥һˣ˽һ£ص浽ίû¥ֲ߳ȥΪǹصһƷơ
ֹũҵĸسҶƽĻ֮ͷӦţҶƽĻ˼ûκεĲ֮⣬Ϊ֪˵ĻҶƽ϶ע⵽̬⣬ڵǰ£ĸسְпܱס
˵껰֮Ҷƽתͷʤ˵ũĵ֯ǳҪѡũɲһҪעȡȺڵĺ֯Ҫصƶļ淶һίѡ˻ƣѡһͷˣũķչǳҪҲǹȺڵΣЩͶ߻뵽ũɲĶ鵱ȥҪá
ʤӦţκβͬıʾ˶̬ҶƽҲûٹũ˵үǽˣ극ߣҲҪǵˣҲҪǵĶǹ涨ȻǲԸûȥҾͳǮ͸ҵЩͬǳԣǿòã
һҶƽҪǵѻҪũȺڱߴߴԸ⣬˵͸ҶģôûȥҪǮأ
ǲͬӣҶƽЦǣ˵лңҺܸˣͶҾͲܽˣһԱɲΪһԱɲһҪ֤࣬ȻǵСΥ˵ȴǴǲҪΪѣǰ͵Ҳ࣬ûȥҾͰЩ͸ҵͬǳԣǳǵһһ˵ģǴҽԴϲô
Ҷƽøض˵ţũҶƽ̬ȣޱˣЩ˵ĹǣҶƽĻ֮˵ҶǣҲΪѣѵģȴǮҲǹⲻȥ
ҶƽЦûʲôⲻȥģֻҪҵĻ˵ˣǻģȥʳóԷѵµȻ˵
ҶƽվʹȥʳóԷũһֻø߳˻ңҲ˳ȥ߳ȥԺҶƽְѸ纰˹ʱˣһȺڳԷȻȥ㱨·顣
ʳԺЩȺﲻǸпû뵽ίԺҶƽǵʳԷһô쵼ִͬȵĸɲˡ
ҶƽʳðһȻҲһ㣬Ū֮һƣǺȼ
һǸǸˣ⣬־棬ЩҶƽʲôҲûô׵ģҲûаŵ̨ɷãʲôʲôȰ
ҶƽȻ˾ƣҲǺȵֻ̫࣬˼ͲٺˣҪǳԺ÷
ЩȺ鼤ҶƽžƣִûйļдϣȾƵĿնҶƽһ취
ֱӸǮǵĻǿܻеִΪͨ飬Ͼ˼ģҪǸǮԵǲˣȻͱͨһ£ԼҲ͸һﲻ
һ໥ͣζҲΥˣҶƽ뵽Ժ󣬾Ͱ֣ҲȥһˮȻŪװȵߵʱ򽻸ǡ
֣ȥ£ҶƽһԷȵ극ʱũ͸ҶƽǲҪǮ첻һһ˷˾ƣǵǳûʲôԱǴʱˣǮ뿪سǣǻȥԺͷ̧ˡ


556 ȥ˶
ũ˵úϣҲǸ˵Ҷƽ΢ЦȲҪ˵飬극˵
ũ֪Ҷƽʲô˼ֻҶƽĻԷˣȵ㷹֮Ҷƽ͵ίԺſڣȻͰ֣׼õˮǵϣʾǮˣһҪš
Ҷƽר׼ˮЩȺǸжҪˣҲ˵ڣũסҶƽֵҶǣпһҪٵ￴ǰ
ҶƽֵүİɣֻҪʱһȥģǻȥúõطչֲʲôҪᣬҲԵңϣܹϺӣ
ҶƽⷬҲ˵ԼԴǵǣֻĬĬףҶƽˣԶȥҶƽת߻ȥ
ȵתʱҶƽһۣ˵ǣ㵽Ұ칫һ¡
ֻøһ¥ȻҶƽİ칫ңһ칫ңҶƽŹϣֱӶ˵ôˣûлԣԴȺû飬ίǣίҪ쵼ֹ״̬ôУǲǲˣʲôҪֱӸ
ҶƽһЩоȥĻصĹ϶ҪܵӰ죬һֱȥøһ£һʲô뷨
ûϵҶƽ˵ôֱӣæϵҶǣûʲôҪ󣬿ҵĹҶҪЩ࣬ǾûйԣղЩȺҪǳģҲûʲôɶ˵ģҶʲôҪ󣬾˵ǵġ
ԻеִҶƽ뵽ûεس£ӦҪԭ
һҶƽȺڹ£ʲôܲܳﻮ
һ˵ˣ˵ҶҪȥﱸˣΪҲʺϳﱸҲû
ЩˣҶƽеһ⣬ǹصĵطʵɣʲô뷨ӰĿ϶һˣչȥԹصĹǲ
ﱸȳȥɡҶƽ룬˳ȥ
߳Ҷƽİ칫ң룬һֳ˳ӵӣһҲҶƽֳˣҶƽӦ飬ȥˣҶƽû
ɻڿûʲô壬Ϊ˫Ǹ˼벻һȥ˵Ҷƽȫľƣ˵ϸʲôϣ
磬Ҷƽ͸һȥмί㱨·飬ѫӼǣ긶Ļ㱨ѫҶƽ
Ҷƽ̬·Υͣί֧мίв鴦ҲҺ͸ǹԭ۹鴦ˣǹص̬ȷģԸ̬ܳȣ
ҶƽûκεɣеĵطΪ鴦ܻӰ쵽ص󣬵ҶƽûĹǣΪֻм鴦ܣԼûκζҡء
ѫ̬룬мίԱص·Ż˫·
ȥмίҶƽ븶뿪Ȼȥһί֯Ҫ˳̸һ̸⣬ڹȻĹˣ뷨ء
˳ڰ칫ӼҶƽҶƽͰ㱨һ£ί룬Ȼһʵѡίǡ
Ļ֮˳ķҶƽ֮ǰҲˣ׼βӢϼίǣӢϼöˣȻһְ̫ҪҲˣ˴ߣͰίΪá
ڲӢϼճһְҶƽ룬׼ҵίίһְڶǱ߻ڵβ絳ίһְεߵίίҲǿԵģϾθؼˡ
˳Ȼ԰һӡҶƽôһ˵еԣ»ҪһЭ̣Ҷƽȥˡ
ҶƽȥԺ󣬰ѹصİϸĥһеڵӻǴڲٵ⣬Ȼκнˣ൳ڣһЩ˲Ƚ⣬ȫѪǲܣⷽҪһӴȣذѹصİӸá
ҵǼǿӽһȥһˣͰҹͨһ£뷨֮Բιѧϰȥ˶أһǻؼҿһ浱ȻǼһѡ
ȴ˵绰ɾһҶƽҪȻǴӻӭҲ֪Ҷƽڹصˣιٳ֮ǰδУһûеġ
ɾٺسһӭҶƽĵҲˣĸίǣŮس浹ĵÿ
ɣһҶƽʱ۾ЩˮҶƽǺǵЦţоѾʮȻ˷ˣԽԽˣ츾ĸоŮܱġ
ɾһ۾Ź⣬ĳǱһɣĸ˾һģȻ˵ιѧϰģҶƽǶֳȥĸɲǰιѧϰҲûʲô̫ҪѧϰģֻҪѧϰһ¡
Ҫιѧϰһ£Ҫ뿴һҶƽԭĵطɾٺһ֪⣬ûʲô˵ģȥȥɡ
ĸ˾һȥ˲磬ȴ绰˰ңһҶƽǵȻǷǳĸˣ쵼һȺӭӵ׼
İԴκҲӦĵ糤һְѾɰƽΣظϯλģǿѾ絳ίǣҦΰ֯ίԱڳίԱ
ȻǸ糤һְ˲ǰҰŵģЩһ֪ҶƽˣټҶƽһ棬ϾԴҶƽ붫غǼҶƽĻˡ
ҶƽҲǺܼϾ;𲽵ĵطͬʱҲϼңڹܲп
ͷȴҶƽĵʱ䲻ͿǰһɾٵģҶƽһ𣬶һҶƽĳһ
һʻԺɾٺҶƽ˵һǰһһ³źҶǣҶǣ
ȻôϤӣҶƽ骣΢ЦʱѾһһסɾٺҶƽ֣û˵ʲô
ҶƽûôľнסҵЦϰ
ҶƽͬѧӣæҲЦ͹ȥһǴһ˵ˣ鼤ص骸ղŶؽˣ㻹ȹȥɣ


557 
˰ҵĻҶƽǺǵЦߵԱߣŴվҶƽһ߹ȥƾҶǺá
Ҷƽȥס˰Ƶ֣ȻҵҶðɣ
һ˵꣬骾վں˵ҶǣǶãڹòð
볣վһֻǲԾվȺĺ棬˷ܵĳ̶ȴһ㣬ȻѾҦΰˣҦΰܲסҶƽ
˼˽ҪǲȥͲˣҶƽûнǿֱ֣ߵǰֵ骣Ƣûиİΰ
ҦΰҲվԱߣҶƽĻЦЦ骰һ۵ʲô
ҶƽҦΰڼĵλˣ֣Ҷƽת򳣷΢ЦȻǰһӣҶƽ𵱳˯Լӡ
뱣ϵıȽУҶƽ֪ˣһ𣬱Ϊ˾ȻǸˣֻ˻ûߵһѡ
ųӣҶƽͻȻֻǵθ糤Щ̫ˣڹ壬˲һҪҪȥ˴һ
ͷҶƽžȥһ˵֣ˣҶƽǺܸˣԱ߿գ֪ҶƽڲԵ
ЩѼ棬ڰҵͬ£Ҷƽһ˲纣ҩҵʱӨˮ೧вιۣھص֧ҵڲ磬˲ľҶƽĥĹӵõͺˡ
ӣֵ׳ʳƷҲǷչִĳˣũҵĳɼҲҶƽΪʲôҪڻ¥緢չֲũҵҵˡ
һУͻȻȥҶƽϼҿһȻطȥһҶƽļеʣҪȥһɡ
ҶƽʵҲؼ￴һԼȥģҪһȥֻôӦˡ
һ˾˽壬Ҷڼй䣬ԴҶƽӶصȥԺ󣬾Ǻټˣ˵ͷǺĻţˣҶȥ˾ǣҶ岻ãȥ˾Ҷˡ
ҶվԼҵſڣԶͿгʻ֪ô£ȵӿǰŷֳҪԼҵġ
վ￴ųҶûжſڵʱͿҶƽӳ
ԭԼӻؼˣҶвæǰʱҲ˳Ҷƽ˽ܵҰ֡
һæǰ֣ҶƯŮҲ֣е˼ˣ濴ʶ˲ٵŮˣôûԼһأ˵£Ҷ͹ڵĲ
Ӽ˳һҶƽ̸˵صӣʲôʱģ
Ҷƽæ߹ȥ֣Ȼ˽ܣһҶƽؼһôˣ;öλؼҿ϶ʱ䳤һߡ
Ҷƽ֣ţȻк˽ȥҶƽҲ˽ݣкǽݵʱҶȴҶƽһ˵ϴѧҵ˰ɣϵģԲԼҲðһ
һϵ˵£Ҷƽ뵽ҶܷܷȷʵѧҵˣҲţԼһãԼҲĻټ磬ɫ
֪ˣͲùˡҶƽͶҶ˵
ҶƽӦ£ҶҲͲ˵ʲôˣҶƽ߽죬֮ǰҶƽƷѣǷҪˣֻòһ㶫һ˼ˡ
Ҷ۾ַ˹⣬Ҷƽ˼ҵ¾ͷŲˣöͽҶƽĶҶƽȵľ棬ûգһҲˡ
һ죬ҲҶƽһ˵˻Ҷƽô㲻һЩҳ̵£Ȼ£ҶƽʲôʱҪӣôûи
⣬ҶƽǿЦûͼ˵ڸ˵ˣ͸߹˵˿ˣҪż
ܲż𣬹Ҫһ֮ڱһӣǾͲӡ
˵һֺݻҶƽ˼æӦҪģ֤һ֮ڱӣŷ
ڼǴ˶೤ʱ䣬ԼһСʱҶƽͱ뿪ˣûа취ǻҪأŶӴҴҵҴҵߣоӲԼˣǹҵˣ˭Ϊҷأ
뿪˼ңҶƽ˲ʱרŰѰҽеһߣ̸̸ع뷨һҶƽԼعҵ¾ǱȽشҶƽ
ҶƽЯûʲô˵ģҶƽӵУί죬Ȼһһ֧ôнλҪΪؼɲ¾ͷжˡ
һҶƽԸûʲôӦģҶƽûʲôǾͶ⣬Ϳ˳ΰˡ
صسǣҶƽȥһίԺ·ԱѩԱѩڵ˹ֵĸֳΪȫĸֳѾشɽˣشɽְͻ˹֣Ժְˡ
һҶƽԱѩǾؽһҶǣҶƽҲû뵽ֻȻֱӣǼʱȴǺõĶˣžȻôӢˬ
ѩǺþûˡҶƽסԱѩ֡
ҶǣǻԱѩʵ
ҶƽЦǰרŻһˣ벻ˣʲôʱпտԺʹɽһ𵽹ȥ
ԱѩЦðдأǲ֪Ҷûʱ䣡
ҶƽǺһЦֻҪȥҿ϶ʱ䣬ӭȥ
ԱѩǺǵЦҶƽоǰöˣǽ˻֮仯˰ɣ𵱳Լ֯ë£ѿڶѩлл㵱֯ë£һֱأ
𣿡Աѩһº˵£ͦΪģָеҸҶƽһֱûë£黳Ǹж
ҶǣҪҪĻٸ֯һµġԱѩ΢Ц
ҶƽǺһЦ˵Ŷʱ绰ҪôɽԴװ


558 صı仯
Աѩ˵˵ЦЦ䣬ҶƽȥҲǰȥˡ
ҶƽȥԱѩЩĳȣһëµְһЩ㺸ˡ
Ҷƽһ뿪˶أ·ϣʣܲܰѺҩҵʱӨˮ೧ĿĻҶƽͷʾҪѾõЩ档
ԭҶƽľûʲôֱ۵ĸܣ˲һˣ֪Ҷƽ˵ֻ㷴ø㲻ˡ
صԺ󣬹Щʱգط仯һмίԱֱ֮·İ칫ҽ·ˡ
·ͻȻߣ˹سǣķжûΪκнĵ෴»иж
·ԭһֱβֳϵӣĸ洫ŴûжϾκнĴ֧֣;һ·ɴúܶΪ·̨ܱܵץڵʹ˸سλҲᱻ
ԭ鴦ҲЭϯߵλϣ·ȴڸسʵȨλϱģӰǲһ
·ձߣԭһλֳһɳֱӱؼίԱӰ칫ҴߣǶǣ·ĸ⣬ôҾ·Ҫڲֳλϡ
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һµı仯һ仯¾ֵθֳӢϼίǣҵصϷһ仯
ԴҶƽǰ¶֮֮ҲڿҶƽζԴû뵽Ҷƽô潫ӹصˡ
ΪһͬڹˣȻԸ¾ȥһͨĸֳȻ¾ְֳָλȥҲˡ
֪ϻʲôִ˳̸˻֯ϵľӾԸ˳ǷǳӣͬҶƽΪشźص⣬ԭİӳԱ⣬Ҫȫһͺض˵飬ͬأǾͶ
˳ѡͬ⣬ǿ󲻵ãʵһ£ǾͲŵˣ쵼ǰ
ͬ뿪˹أʱŷ֣ԴҶƽץˣκнˣҲˣԭİӳԱȫݣ˵ҶƽһʼûǣһأҶƽһӣسıڿǸܵġ
ͻȻһָо֪оԲԣԼĸоͦ׼ģҶƽڳ׸ص̬
ӢϼڵõΣ˺ܳʱˣԽ֯һ̨ףֱӳίǣίְλһ֯ģʤǳһʱίǣҶƽ뵽ְλˡ
֪ҶƽȷģίǵĸλӢϼû˵ģټҶƽʱǱǲá
ίίǴصεģصĹԱ԰Ҳ̫Ϥίģһʼ֪ҶƽʲôϵǰҵĶعԱݣǲһЩ롣
Фе֪ιίίˣͷֲζˣڻ湵ͷ򳤣ǲһˣƿԽأȴһܴĿΪƵԱܶ࣬صְλȴ١
µ±仯һؾʹһַǳƽ״̬Ϊƽˡ
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ƽѩͰҶƽ˵һ£һҶƽίǣһҶеϵͷǸоһҶƽˣȴеˣΪҶƽһ˵ĻǼҿһӰ죬Ǽҵúúһ¡
ƽѩôˣˣҶ֮󣬾ͻصҵ˾ΪҶƽҪĿˡ
ƽѩڹҵҲһĸɲЩ쵼һҲûСóһĵвϣ쵼ǵĿⶼģ˵Ҫһʽȥƹصĵչ쵼ǵŽ˲һ壬žʹӦˣʽضȫصĵϵͳи졣
һжʽƹũĵƽѩ˵شһ绰ҶƽҶƽһеļˣƽѩǰĴæˣôʽùصĵʩһĸĹˡ
ʡ˾й쵼й־ֳͬ£ƽѩص˹أһʽʽҲҪͨʡвأҪЩ쵼ͬˡ
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Ҷƽֵũ忴һչҲƽѩıʵģʡ쵼ҲǸ̾ũĵչҪһǿˡ
ʵǲͬƽѩģʹũĵչܺãҲûа취ٽЩʽûȥڵʽýˣǹҵ˾쵼ָʾ
ƽѩҵ˾ĿҪʱסڹˣ쵼֪󣬾ҪƽѩסǻһõסһƽѩʱԻؾǵģϵ齻ǾС
˵Ȼͽһƽѩǲ֪ƽѩûкõĽڹأܻǵĻ뿪ﵽס߻صǣ
ƽѩӦйֵ쵼ǸеЩƣԾǵ쵼ԸڹطһֱලĿ
ƽѩƶɫйֵ쵼Ҳˣ˼Ҿǵ쵼ʸ߰
֪ƽѩҪҲеܾȣôƯһŮӣȻطⲻǺЩ˵в
ввƽѩ;ˣҶƽֻøסĽסһ𣬵˭֪ƽѩȴԸ⣬˵Լסһ˵⻰ʱ򻹳Ҷƽ͵˿ϴ΢ЦҶƽСžţðɣҪɣͬʱҲԼҪ


559 г̬
ƽѩڹذҶƽȴܰ٣ΪʣܳȥˣһҪȥʡ橣ȡͶʣҪʡչʡǵķزĿĲ
һҶƽǴǰʡǵģһ·ǰʱҶƽͶˣԭҶƽûھ÷淢һǴֱʣҲ˵£ȥ£͸еҶƽ˼ʹϵ̫ǿˣ橵ʱӨز˾ȫʡĵز˾ҵػչ
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Ľ˰ӦҪ󣬱鷳˵ģҶƽҪˣֻٻȥżĸɩӻϰ֣Ͷʡ
Ҷƽʡǣ˺ܾãһξҪͶʲôˮزͶʵӲҵΪ¼صĵӲҵǳĺãҪڣȻ¼صĿһص뷨ҴȥʡҶǺòʣϾһʡģҶΰĿ뷨ǲܣ˼¼غò׵Ŀôٷָذ
Ҷƽϵ˵ͶʵӲҵΪǱߵĵӲҵǱȽϷģǵͶʣ϶ᷢչһҵȷչʲôزǿˡ
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Ҷƽһڹ˾İ칫ңֻ渻ûʣҹ˾ʵ
һҶƽ橱΢Ц˹Ϊֹǳ壬վҶƽԱߵеǳ̽ŮŮ˸˵ĸоǲͬ
Ҷƽ֮󣬱˹˿Ҷƽ橱ЦҶǣרǲ°ɣ
ҶƽǺһЦܣҪ鷳㣬ڽʣ鷳㵽Ͷʣ֧ķչ
Ҳ΢ЦŵܵĹ˾ʵǿܵȥչ⽫Թ˾ҲһܺõĻᡣ
橺ǺһЦʵҶƽڳƺ֮ôҪΪڵԵʣڣ֮ԳƺֵģҶƽרŴʵ֪һΪȥͶʵģǸȥͶʵģ˫ȽϺá
ҶƽҲЦЦ橾Ͷ˵˵ɣôȥͶʣҺþûȥǱˡ
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гȾҲʹ죬һֱ˶ǣҶƽҲٶ˵ʲôˣȰɣ
ŸгҶƽܺȾƵӣϾǳԾı飬ڸгҶƽ֮վȥгľơ
һԼгֻǷǷӣȻ΢Цˣղŵβͬûվ
ͺԽԽ࣬гȵ˷ܣרߵҶƽǰҶƽȾƣҶƽֻҲվ
гɫģҶƽЦŵҶǣʡ棬ʡΪ˷ǳͰ
гͻȻ˵£ҶƽıһʱôͻȻ˿ϣʲô˼
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ûнӸгĻг⣬æƱѾƺˣȻֻصԼλϡ
Ҷƽ߻Լλһ˵⻰ĿģͻȻ֮һˣղ橿˵ԼϵĹϵ⣬֮ǰЩҪʡ֧֣֪ԼеϵרŴ绰ԼԼæ룬Ҷȥһ绰Ͱˣʵûֱȥҿϡ
ȴΪԼϹϵУгǰ˵˵гԼ̬ͻȻˣʵϿȻҲ֪ԼûʲôӽܵϾʡƽʱӴ


560 ְ
橳극Ҷƽ˶˲پƣھƵ￪˷䣬ޣʱʣҶƽо߲ȵӣҶƽæȥסȻһЦ忿ϣҶƽеһ
ƽʱǳĳѩ֬ڳһϣһҲСһҶƽһڳֶЩãŮԵֵ֮ñȽϳףҶƽŵһ˵ζţ˷·һǰš
˷䣬Ҷƽȥȥ֮µɣһ˲¶ǰһƬѩף¡ĲǸӵˣҶƽæϡ
۾һֱֻҶƽĲϣٳٲҶƽֱ۲ԼϣһʪỬĸоûŵϡ
ҶƽȥץסֱֻۣץסʱҲץסɫģ۾ȻţǰĲѩ׵سҶƽǰѪӿơ
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Ҷƽؿڲţȴֵʧɷĸ鲻ãĵĿҶƽϷйһõĻᣬֻҪ췢ˣԺ˳Ȼˣ˭֪˵һҪ֣ҶƽȻ
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˵ʲô˼ҶƽҲýӣֻڨڨЦţҶȥ̾һû㸺أų
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Сʱ֮ҶƽԣĵõȫͷţҶƽͼ֮ûпסԼֱ˫һֺĸо
ʡǻټʱͬһֻСҶƽĻҶƽʱóѣƽѩҲسҲȥˣƽѩѾס
Ľĺҩҵ˾ĽҪ˹Ͷʣ˿죬ԭһС͵ҩ沢ҩҶƽ֮ҲǼ沢ĺãСҩ˷ԴЧҲߣú沢ˡ
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˵Ͱ죬ڹ׼뺣ҩҵ˾ǩͶʺЭʱҩְϷˣ˵ҩǹҵӪӼ沢ԸڹгӳԲϷҲԸ⵽ӪҵŪƺܴ
ڰ칫ȻôϷãɵһʱɻ˹˵سҩְϷô죿
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ɻҩһһͣȻһѹ˸Ȱˣʱ绰Ҷƽ㱨飬Ҷƽһһôᷢ飬Ϊʲôû˻㱨
żӣҶƽ̰ŷþֳȥȻ֪ͨί˰ҩеίʲô
ոմ꼸绰ŷþֳ͸˵绰ǻȥˣɻӴǣȰȥˣô˾ͻȥе֣һᣬҲ˵绰ɢˣ˵Ҳе֣ôôͻȻ֮ɢˣɻĹ̫ǿ˰ɣ
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һҶƽ£ҩҲ֪֪ҾϹȰˣҪǷԼ沢ҩάȥ
ҩһۣҶƽһʲô̬ȣ
ңҵȻίţҩһ˵
ԿķǣҶƽصҩ沢ίȫؾ÷չֳһߣǳְʲô˼붯ְ̬Ϸãȴ˵ʲô֪ôģȻίţҪְ˼빤ٳʲôʡ
ҶƽһӰŪͷϣҩʼϲĿİͰ͵شӦҶƽ״˳ȥ֮ҶƽǸоǳΣְΪʲôϷãϷ֮Ϊʲôôɢأ
Ϊȷٳ¼Ҷƽ̰Աǰҩ˽ҩĻͿȥˡ
ԴҲǺɣҶƽͨ绰Ժ󣬱ѳɻйɻְ˵һ飬ȻӦְǵҪ󣬳׽顣
һɻӦְǵһ˵ҩ沢ίģôܴӦǲͬ沢
ɻϷҲӦǣǾͲȥشȺ¼سҪΪȫصȶ
ɻĵûشˣԴһңӻóɻˣ֮󣬱绰æҶƽҪ֪ҩ沢Ҷƽ£ô˵沢Ͳ沢أ


561 ɽ
һӵĵ绰Ҷƽŭɻô£ȻְӦǵҪһĹôڹ
Ҷƽĵ绰ס룬оɻĿΪԼ⣬úҩҵͶû˳УɻﻹǲʵѵΪԼ
·Фİӻмίûв鵽ɻͷϣųɻ϶ʲôҲûУֻʱ顣
ڳɻȻͷͼ£ٲˣӰ쵽ȫؾ÷չ֣Ǽõ飬Ŀǰ˵ðҩְϷõ¸ˣɴ¼Ӱ쵽ȫؾõķչ
ñȥµģԽдˣҶƽ֯פҩ˽ְǵȵ˽֮Գ̸̸ְȡְǵ֧֡
ԱҩЩְ֮ϷҩĶźܴĹϵԹԱ֮󣬾಻ʵĴԣȫҩйƻģʲôҩ沢֮Ͳǣʱȫ¸ڵִԡ
ԱõϢԺ󣬾Ҷƽ˻㱨Ҷƽ֮󣬾͸еڰи£ҩĳȴûʲôԼǰȴ˵֧ҩ沢Ҫǳҩϣһֱҩ沢Ļְǿ϶Ͳˡ
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֮ҶƽǾҩְּ֧沢ĿسȻ̸ְǰԼ뷨ȫ̸
ְû뵽ίǺسȫ˳ְǱԼҪ˳ǵĸֵģҶƽͰоõķ˳ǳһ裬Ҳ˵ͬ沢ԭĸִ䣬ֻνݱˣûʲôôˣͬʱںҩҵȫǽµҩ֮󣬸Ĵ϶ߣȽͬ沢Ƚ
һȽϣӵְ뿪ˣʾԸίָʾϺҵ沢ȫͬ³Ϲ䡣
һ͵õ˽ҩļ沢˳Уɻ֪󣬶ʱеȽϾɥ¸ûסҶƽҶƽеͷһ
ҩҵͶڽеУмίͻȻҶƽ̸ѳɻӳһ£׼Գɻ֡
ҶƽмίԱı棬һ£ɻҪίĿڴˣֻҪɻίĿڴزлڰµˣֻмίҪʲôʱ֣
мίҶƽɻ̸̸ص⣬Ȼټ˫棬ĻԸɻʩһѹȡɻ⡣
мίԱĻҶƽһ£ɻǳسλ⣬ԸȽǿӲȲ̸Ļ˫֮δõ̸ĿҲɽ𻢵ãһɻȡʲôȶһЩΥʵɻκнĹϵУ֪мίڵ϶һھ򰸼ʵȡƻһİӡ
ҶƽͬмίԱҪҪ̸ʲô֪֮ͨɻίɻӵ绰ԺίԺ
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Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽܿ£Ȼһۣ˵سһЩҪ漰㣬ڴ̸֯ϣܰ֯
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Ҷǣ㱣֤ûκ⣬һȥ룬Ҳǻô˵ҳɻΥΥ͵¡ɻĵص
һ˵Ҷƽͻ˻ȥˣֻҪ̸Щˣû˼˿Ҷƽɻȥˡ
ɻȥ֮ǳţҶƽ̸ͷԣ㲻׻ʲô⣬·ФֻЩϵӵ٣ȻܵĵǻͦסҶƽͻȻ̸һأ
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κнʱѾϰڵУͻȻӵɻĵ绰֪Ҷƽ̸飬ͷһһʲôźţ
Щɻ໥˵طиҵϰ岻ǮЩֻгɻһֱڳɻĺ棬ɳɻ棬Ȼΰ졣ɻȥˣôͺΣˡ
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562 ǫ̈̄
κн˰죬óɻĳµĻֻóɻȫƽ£ʱҲֻˡ
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мίڹ۲ĶܲίͶܵĻ׼˫ˣýˡ
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˽ҿ֪йسɻҪµ飬£ƿȥԽԽţ֪ᷢʲôҲõҶƽͨԳɻΪй۲š
߹ɻһ죬õκн֪ͨ飬뿴һɻʲôٹͨһЩ顣
˰ȴûÿɻȴΪʲôû˻Ӧȴƣ뿪ˣаСʱﲻֹ˿
һûû˻ӦԿװŴ򿪣һɻû棬칤ԱȥԿףܿԿ׾ùˣһţһӾˣֻɻڴǰһϸӵڴϣԼˡ
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Ϣ̴ԺҶƽæ鿴Ȼ󹫰ֺͼԺҲˣֳ顣
ҶƽɻӣվĬȻãɻηɱΪʲôҪηɱǳػ뱣ʲôˣ
мί֪ѫҲæ˹ɻȥӣʲôҲû˵ɻǳΣԳɻĵǲҪֹ
Ҷƽ飬Ҷƽ͸ɻĵ˵Լûκε⣬ȴͻȻɱ˾úɣӦΧƳɻɱһ飬Ūɻж⣬һֻΪɻɱȥ˾ֹ飬Щˡ
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ͻƿ˷ϣҶƽ֪ɻ˵ĹϵУǷȽСĽ·ФҲнΪ˲ɻܿͰѷ뵽˼ί棬һЩ顣
ʼճĬԶԣԿ֯ĵ飬ί˸Ŀģ䱳иҪʱе߶ҡˡ
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ìͷʼָκнЩϰ¸˹ǽκн֮ľ⣬һʣǾɵˣû뵽ĳ̶ȻԽԽκнҪˡ
ڼίȫ£κнΥΥ͵ʵ𲽱¶κнʱҲѾҹߣȵί˳ǰʱѾûκεķӦƺڵȴһ졣
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ڹȥ칫һְκнһʵʩ˫棬·ĽϲͬһЩ⣬ίȥ˴һְ佻ص⡣
һʱ֮䣬طƱãҪ쵼̱һЩκнйصԱĻ̡̻
ҶƽӦԣʲô飬һҪסȷȫصĴȶɻɱ֮󣬳سһְȱίƼسɽΣ·ĸسһְƼˮί֣Σ֣ԭκнĹϵϵƼθسΪ֣κнˣҲȶһ˵ġ
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ҶƽҲ봦ǣԲ֯һһȫʵֹص֤չĶȻڹغ绽꣬⽫ԽԽ㡣
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֮Ҷƽƽһ̬ܱôܽ;ʲôӰ죬ôȻԲĺԭ
ҶƽĴ֮£һ죬绽ȫˣûЩˣһЩС࣬ҶƽԸȫԼ뷨һЩߺʹʩѹصľøչ


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һҵҶƽǳˣ躣ŽǢ̸橱㰴Ҫź躣ŵС
Ҷƽ鱨·һ֪ϾĶΪҵ仧ƸҪһЩڹһСسЩСˡ
·Ժͺ躣ŵ˽̸ҶƽȻҲˣú躣ŰҵŵҶƽǲ˵ʲôˡ
Ҷڵ֪дҵͶʣҲӼ˺躣ŵˣһĿһӾͷˡ
ҶƽﲻģҵҶ˵һ˵飬Ҷ֮󣬵û̸̫ⷽ飬˵пҪУȥʡְ飬鲿ڿ飬жҶƽһõϢ
Ҷƽڹز鴦ܵȽϴ󣬼رĸеίǿΪҶƽṩ㹻֧֣У˵˰Ӱ쵽չ
һҶƽȻη˵ıҶĵɻһ飬Ҷڹؿ԰Լ뷨飬Ҷһߣ˳ѫȻ֧Լί쵼δؾͻȫ֧ôڹصĹͱСĽˡ
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Ҷļ𣬶еĳгҲļƽеĵλ޷ģҶγгһпܽггǸʡְλˡ
壬ǿһŵĳУʺȥСССҶƽЦ˵
ҶҲݸһЦ˵ԽǷĵطѶԽЩĲ£Һʹһ£һܸܲ㰲Űš
ҶƽҶԼչ˺ǸмϣԼˣԾ˵壬ͦõģԼ磬̫ҡ
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躣ͶʮԪڹӹҵ԰ͬʱͶʶʮԪͶһӹҵװ԰ܹͶʮԪڵصĵӹҵء
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Ͷʹ˾һְҶƽͻȻ뵽˳һֱн뷨Ҳ뷢ӳӪĲܣһֱڶصһ糤Щ̫ˡ
뷨֮Ҷƽȥһ绰ԸԸ⵽ӵĵ绰֮һ£ڶأϷչĿԾͲˣܵعҵεͶʹ˾ľĻͿԼĲˡ
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ʤһҶƽ˼ûʲôͬҶƽĻû˸ҲͰѳͶʹ˾ֹύ˳ίоίϵȻ飬֪ҶƽԼ⣬ǼʹҲûõġ
˳ҶƽоһֱöӼιֳǸ£ӲǹιֳֻһʱȨ֮ƣڵðһεĹֳǣǰ˭أ
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Աѩʱûе湤뷨һҶƽĻǿǶˣ˭뵱ΰڶذű֪ʲôʱֵأ
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ӣشɽûа취ֻһԱѩģӵԱѩͬĵ绰Ҷƽȥй֣Աѩιعֳ飬Ȼڸ濼ȰԱѩγ񸱾ֳֵǣΪһλ׼
йֵҶƽҪûκεķֳ֮ǼʶҶƽ֮Ҷƽȫ밴Լ뷨²֣ҪǾǲʶ̧ˡ
й֮ͬҶƽͶ̸̸ȫҶƽˣίǿκнһһ̨ģ֪Ҷƽ֮ҶƽҪԱѩιֳûʲôɷԵģֳȻԸӲٵȨҲĹӴ࣬óֳҲԸ⡣
ѸЭ֮Ҷƽ㿪ʼԱѩʽعֵľֳһֱɶӼΣҲڲ²Ŷܵζ೤ʱ䣬Ȼ˭ΣͻȻһŮͬ־γ񸱾ֳҵξֵǣ֪Աѩξֳһְˡ


564 ʡί̸֯
Աѩصιֳ񸱾ֳӶֵĹԱʹﵽˣһǰңһǳоԱѩˣίί쵼ĸɲȻҪţԱѩֻǿƼĸɲĸɲһҲСҪ֪ǶҶƽˣҶƽĹϵȽ׽˵ǺҶƽһ˽ﱻΪְ
һֱ˿ˣΪȽȻȴǶͳŹˣɻǸе죬ҶƽǿƵλ˭ҲҷʲôԹҶƽùط˷츲صı仯һжҪмҶƽǡ
ԱѩκҶƽùصΰ˵ʵڵģȻԭĸߺ鴦ˣӼιֳȡĶ󣬶ΥɾĲ鴦ҲҶƽ⣬ԱѩˣͰԱѩһҪ´ΰã鴦һ棬ΰһ棬ֻҪ涼ˣϰյȾˡ
ҶƽָʾԱѩƴҲǺܺˣµزؼңһֱڹؼǿ齨裬صصķŻιֳ񸱾ֳԺƻŻٷŻصΰ֮ת
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Ҷƽʵǵ̸Щģ̸һʡί֯˾͸о˵ʲôҶƽûлرЩ⣬ҶƽһЩٶܴǵ棬ǲŻҶƽġ
ҶƽȻ֪Щ˶̸Ҳоʡί̸֯ԣԣ²̸ˡ
Ϊһ쵼ɲе˶⣬ҶƽԱ˵ҲǵȻ֮෴û˶˵źܴ⣬Ҫô̫ͻʲô¶ûиɣһͣ˭ҲԸҪôǴһߣ˲
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ǲȥҶƽڹ˶£ȥ²Ҷƽı˵˸еĩߵЩҲͲϸߣڹһ죬˾ͻеϾҶƽԸɲҪ̫ˣȺȴǳ˰


565 Ҫʡ
Ҷƽרȥһˣ˽һʡί֯ǰֻҶֱ֪Ҷеס
Ҷ֮ҶЦŶ˵ƽ֪ңڲŸ㣬ǰʡ뽭ʡһʡɲȥҲ绳Ƽ㣬Ȼʡί֯͹㣬㽻ʡȥԸԸ⣿
û뵽ʡί֯Ϊ飬ҶƽЩȻ˵壬ԭҪҽ߰Ϊҵأֻǲ֪ʡҽȥ
ҶЦλҪεģֻҪʡˣοʡɲܹ֮һνɲм͵һɲشˣΪ˶ԵȽ㵽˽ʡǱ߽һλӣ尲Ҳ֪ҲõģҴڽʡ˴οʡġ
һԭôһҶƽǸлҶ֧ˣȻ˵һѪԵϵҶ֧ĻҲûа취ϾҶҲԲ
Ҷƽǳмؿ˿Ҷ壬鷳ˣʲôʱ뿪ƣ
ҶҾпܵˣ·ǳҲһµ飬ǶˣʹҵˣҲûʲôɵĵˣ
Ҷƽ˵ͷ˴ʡҶڽʡһʡίǣ⽫һܴ֧֣ǲᵣĴӴ֮󣬵أ˵
壬ҺƽѩҪˣһֱڹءҶƽҶ
һҶƽҪƽѩ飬Ҷ̾ϲصƽԶŮ飿ǵļ֪ûУ
ҶƽҲ֪ڹأ̸ⷽ£Ǽͬⲻͬ⣬Ѿˡ
ҶƽĻҶ룬ƽѩļ˴ҲᷴҶƽΪƽҵŮҪ֪ҶƽҲҶҵˣѵƽһܿҶҲɣֻҶƽһڣǲ֪ƽô롣
ƽԶŮ˺ܲΰֻ󿴵ΰҲˣһ˵ҶƽһԵģˣһӳһ棬ƽҴҲʲôˡҶҶƽ˵
ҶڻҲǷǳ֧Ҷƽжص壬ѩһˣǵ֤ˣ
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ҶһЦݵӣҶƽ˵ϴ绰
˵ţҶƽѵ绰ƽѩƽѩӵ绰̴֮ӹϣҶһԷ
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һ˷Ҷƽͺƽѩص˹壬һ·ƽѩȽ˷ܣҶƽ˵ø˵һȻǿջϲ˲ͬĻ
ƽѩû˻᲻ͬģҰְֿǼģ㵣ʲô
أҶƽʵ
ƽѩ㲻ù裬ҲǺܺõģʱȥ
˾˵ţһᣬҶƽ˵пҪˡ
ƽѩҪȥ
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ƽѩҾȥǸˡ
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ƽѩȥػǲȥأ
ҶƽоȽѻش𣬱ϾҵĹҲһݲĹ˵ԶƽѩԺҲɸ߿ˣ¾ǱȽϳ
ҶƽڹҵǿԱͨһ£ԵְĵطְͿԽڹҵͬʱֿԴһì𣿡
ҶƽĻ֮ƽѩеһ⣬˵Ǿˣ㵽ȥҾ͹ְȥ
ҶƽҪεϢ÷з˭Ҳ֪ҶƽֻҶƽһ֪飬ȻĽҲ֪ˣҶƽٴεְҲܸˣоҶƽһΪһҪ쵼ˣ۹ûġ
Ҽ˵֪ҶƽҪߣҲ׷׹̽ʵҶƽڰҳԱѩּԱȻûʲôͰѿҪص˵˳
һҶƽҪأһǵʡְҼ˾ǸеȽʧ䣬ϾҶƽڹأʲô鶼ð죬Ҷƽһ룬Ǿûɸô죿
ԴˣҶƽҲûԤϣ֪ŲὫҳԱѩ˵ˡ
һ뵽ЩҶƽоЩԲסǣˣ˵ʲôҲûˡ˵ƽˣҾʹְȥҲûʲô˼
ԱѩǹֳȻûдְ뷨Ҳ˵ƽ㲻ܲ𣿡
֪ǲܸĵģֻ˵ƽʱ䳣ǡ
ĵӣҶƽЦǸô˸аһûأİɣǴʲôµģֻҪʲôϴ绰ңҶһǸ㶨лĻһǵģ˵Ҳ֪ȥȶ˵
ҶƽӣԱѩһЦˣҲǸƽʹʡҲǸӦ˲ǡ
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ָӣҶƽǸе˸ͻȻҪ뿪ʡʡȥĹʲôӣ
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Ҷƽͣ⣬ȻŻûеߵʱŰûõˣ黹к֪ܶ࣬Լ֮᲻ίǣίǣһЩȫϡ
Ȼ֪ʡί֯죬ҶƽҪߵ飬ǲ֪ҶƽʡҶƽҲûиҶƽһЩҶƽһǻ쵼λˣҶƽ쵼ֿ֧϶ܴһе˵顣
ҶƽӣЦʵƽʡͷְλûУ
ҶƽЦе£㲻ҪĴԣҲºһġ
ھͺܴһƽΪʲôô˵


566 ƽѩ
֪ӣҶƽøҲν΢ЦҿҪ뿪ʡǰְְλû
һҶƽҪ밲ʡӳԾȥʡȥĸʡ
ҶƽҪȥʡŶ㣬ίҵλﻹкܶ飬Ҫˡ
ҶƽĻؿûзӦҶƽȻ밲ʡĽ˵κ˶ĵҪ֪ʡְǺټ飬Ҷƽܵʡְһź飬ֻǲΪ֪ˡ
ƽĹôأҵһߣеʧ䡣Ȼؿ˿Ҷƽ˵ദȽϵǢһܵĹϵҶƽˣȷʵееġ
Ҷƽǲ˵ʲôǹϵĴܵĹϵźĸģ֮ǰѸ齻ܰѾŵȶΪεŮίǡ
ģҶƽͰһЩ˽ӹҵ԰ڽ裬ҲˣֻǰһЩ˽һ£ҩҵͶҲˡ
й滮Ҳ˽һһǵˣҶƽ̸˰죬ֺһ˷
Ҷƽ齻ãֻһ˼ңƽѩؼˡ˭ҲûߣֻǸ˽ҶҶܷܷҲ˼ҡ
ƽѩһμҶܷܷ֪ھѧҪҵЦź̸뵽﹤ʱ顣
ҶƽԱһЦԼϵԼҪ취ƽѩȴֱӰҪ˵ƽѩҶܷܷϵ̫򵥣ʡٿˡ
Ҷ͹㲢֪Ҷƽ£ڿҶƽְѵƽѩңæҶƽһô¡
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Ҷܷܷûô뷨ƽѩ̸ϾھϵĴѧԾǵһ֪ıȽ϶࣬ƽѩܰҹͷǸϲƽѩˡ
ҶƽѼ˶ټүүҶ廹ھǣ˵ҶˣȻͬһԷԵúܰ
ڷϣҶƽͰԼҪʡ齲˳һҪԶĵطȥϰ࣬ͷǸеЩ֪֯ϵľô˵ҲûõģֻܸҶƽúùҪ⾭绰
һͥۻᣬҶƽŰȴ뿪ʡǰʡְǰҶƽץӣʲôҪҶƽһֻôӦ
ҶѾһӣһˣҶƽ˺ǿģԼȷҪˣƽѩûн飬Ҳһ飬ץˡ
ƽѩҲǺżӼ뿪ҶƽһؾһˣҶܷܷһǻصǡ
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֮ǰƽѩѰҶƽ֮ƽԶƽԶһֱƽѩĻʲôƣһжȻҶƽƽѩһҲֿҶƽһֱӡƽѩҶƽһûʲôõıʾ
Ҷ֮ǰûҶƽһҶƽ˳úܲȻ˵ǽģƽѩ˴һʣҲͶҶƽϿɡ
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Ҷƽı棬ƽԶеҶƽĹǳʵû˵ָ֮ģˣȻϲģҶƽϴһҶ᯵кһԷ
ƽԶ򸾼֮ƽѩִҶƽȥƽ˼һҶƽϾ˳ЦźҶƽк
ƽѩǵƽһҶƽվԱߣƽѩҶƽרŴƽʲô˼ˣҶƽʳʶ̡
Ҷƽ죬һʱ䣬ƽһ˾ͽļˣƽԶһƽǾӵϽίίԱȻãڶھϷչֻƽԶһ緢չ
ƽһ绰Щ˾Ͷˣ˵ƽѩһ󣬷׷׹Ȼ󼸸󱲵ӵҲˡ
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Ҷƽһ˲ģ̸Ц磬ƽ˿ǳͣƽѩڲҵԼһ룬ǲҲ˵ҶƽҶҲʧɢˣһҲеŵˡ
һһ˶ٷ¾ˣҶ͹רһ˾ǣƽԶ򸾣˼ƽԶôĹ٣Ҷ͹ɶҲ˵ˣһ˼ˡ
¶֮ҶƽƽѩһС͵ĻƽȻλܸߣǲ̫ҡУ̫ñ֪ǼͥһЩ飬ԽһЩһٴ졣
ҶƽֻǾǾһС͵Ļ񣬲ûлؼپٰ죬ΪѾ͸߿ٰһΣһپٰͲˣԽûж֪
ƽѩ飬ҶƽͰӵ鶨˵һش£ƽѩһƽѩҲͬ⣬ҶƽҪһĴ¸ˡ
߿֪Ҷƽ£Ҷ֮оϵҶ˵Ҷƽƽѩˣ߿̾һû˵ʲôҪ˵ʲôأֻףҶƽˡ
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߿ȥЩݣ֪ǹ۵ģܴ۶µģҶƽһۿ֮ǸеЩԾôݳ
Ҷƽ߿¶Цݣ˵ףˣ
Ҷƽ˿˵ˡ


567 밲ʡ
ҶƽĵĻ߿ͻȻͷ¶һ˿ۣӣҶƽǰôˣôݣ㲻Ҫ̫ƴǲõġ
߿̧ͷ˿˵û£ҳŵסףǣϣܰͷϡ
е߿һĳɷ棬ҶƽʵһֱǰģȴԽԽԶڹٳҲɼߵز㣬û˰ͼͥԲҪúÿһˣ
ҶƽϤ߿ǰҶƽһӣ˵һоͬ죬˵ľȴôԶ
ƽû֪ɣ߿ͻȻ˵顣
ҶƽûУƽѩҲû֪ʲô
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ҶƽҿҪʡȥˣίĹôûȥְ뷨
߿һҶƽҪʡְʮ־ȣȻ̧ͷҶƽô뵽ʡˣ
ҶƽҲ֪ʡﰲŵģôŵڻûϢҲ֪ȥ
Ҷƽӣ߿һȹ棬˵һỰҶƽһơ
Ҷƽ˺ƣȻͺ˵˶ˣڼ棬ûʲôֵΣǾܾûѣе໥ԲԷ
ܲܰͻؼң˳˷˺ƣ߿ɫģҶƽҪ
ҶƽȻҪҪ󣬱㿪ųеס¥£߿ֶ˵ܲܰҷ¥
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߿ӦԼǳĸˣкҶƽºȲ裬˾һֱţĵ󣬸߿ĵͻȻˡ
Ҷƽںڰио߿˹ȻͻȻϣһȴ˹ϢôϤȴǸеʮֵļƺֻص˵˸һ龰
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ȵ۾ŴϿտҲӣ߿˱㣬ȵһʧȥ֪ȥһĻͲĵ·ϳִˡ
Ҷƽص˹壬һ·ҲЩ飬ôںܶѾȥˣֻǰѹȥԺ󣬲ܿȫµ
ڻû뿪֮ǰҶУг·ίǣ·û뵽λӣҶͻȻҪߣŽûˣгλӣܽλҲ˵һȻ֮ǰҪгһְģҶϿɣҶʡε϶ӲλӣҶ˴ֱӵ˰ʡ˺ܾˡ
һĵȴûҶƽʲôһЩ˾Ϳʼɵʡί֯Ҫôỹûж
˶ڲ²飬ҶƽȴǵȻ֮ճʹίǵȨҲðҪ֪ϻڣΪдԵߵ
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Ҷƽʡί֯ʡί֯һӼ̸һ̸ҪΪʡɲʡְ
ҶƽǰѾ֪֪ǵʡְʲôְ͸⽫ʡеμ쳤һְε˸
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ʡί֯˵μ쳤һְȴǳԾǰûм칤ȴμ쳤һְȴееСѹ֪Ժһ˾ţҪһЩϵ֪ʶȴѧõģ󶮷ɣƽʱΪ쵼ɲҲѧһЩɵģ㷨ȴֻһƤëӦ˾ķ֪ʶ
ҶƽԼһЩ飬ȴǸ쳤ץüԺȫ̹ģԺڲоץҵĸ쳤Ҫⷽ⣬ȫӦȥˡ
Ҷƽ̸껰ʡί֯͸ȥʰһ£׼һǰʡί֯ǣȻǽаš
ҶƽӦί֯ûüйϵĽӣ˵ҶƽҪˣӦҶƽ֮ǰҶƽίһְȥǳҶƽûüйϵĽӣȥ˽ʡί֯
˽ʡί֯ʡίһʡί֯ӼҶƽһУʡʡί֯㰴Ҫ˵˫֮Ѿͨˣͺ˳ҶƽʱסڽʡʡϽУȴʡί֯
ҶƽͻȻ뿪˹أҲûҲ֪ô£֪ҶƽȥˣʱίĹֱ˳һίְҲ֪Ҷƽĵˡ
ίоľιίǣһصһίǵس߿ûдίس֯ҲǵȴǾܾˣʾҪίһְ
ΪίǣһӴȨգһжҶƽµĵӣûӣڹָӵĵطôһξǴȨգ
Ժ󣬴֪Ҷƽǵ˰ʡʡڽˣϢȻúܶû뵽ҶƽߵǾĵģû˸ͱ𣬻¥ЩȺǵ֪Ҷƽˣרܵί뿴һҶƽȴ֪ҶƽѾˡ
ĸɲҲûüͱҶƽȻ˵Ҷƽ˱ȽεĶ̰ٶӹͬʱܸɵɲЩɲǳһ֪ˣǵǺ˸С


568 ÿ
ҶƽϽдգڼ䣬ȥҶһΣҶҪϽʡһְԺ͸ȥΣһοʡĽԺԻصʡ
ҶĻҶƽȻǵͷӦôҪ֯İţ֯øʲô͸ʲôκεԹԡ
ҶʱȻֹ֯ʡί֯ΪҶƽҲǽˣûжʲôԴ֮԰ҶƽסԺҲû̫ǵ˵ڶ죬ҶͰѽʡί֯йһ½ɲְ飬æ˻㱨ҶͰ̰ԱλҪ顣
ҶкҶƽһӰʡĸɲһʡί֯Աİǰְص㱨
ʡί֯ĵɲĴҶƽ͵Уί֯һӴҶƽһСͬҶƽԷʱί˷ϣҶƽ
Ϊһίǣһиôίǣǲһؼеļ쳤̫ģ֮ԹΪʡί֯쵼ˣҪͬã˭֪ʡί֮֯ʲôģȻʡίֻ֯һɲǵ棬ίǺгøֱ棬ίǸΰгʷ˶飬ûйͬ
Ҷƽ۲һһίǣһ֯ʵȨɵһ쳤ͻȻûʲôԺٲҪǴ򽻵Եù۲һʲôˣǷô򽻵
һ䲻󣬸оʮңһ۾˵ĸоǳԺҲ΢ЦкҶƽо˻Դ򽻵˼ԺԺҪʲôĻҪ֧֣֯佨õĹϵ⵹Ĺ
ҪһЩҶƽĸоӦʮңӿһ˫ŨüͶһɾ⣬ȥʮֵİʱЦֳһ쵼
ؼеļ쳤ȻίһǸǴӵ쳤ҪԶԶίˣٳϵǵίϵͳȻ˴ϵͳϵͳŲǷϵͳҲ˵Ҷƽڸг֮ί֣ȻǲҶƽġ
ԼҶƽ֮󣬱࣬װһһӣʡί֯Ĵʱȴ¶һЦмĲҶƽиܵˡ
ôðҶƽҲô⣬ΪΪ쳤ίûʲôֱӵҵðͲðɡ
Ҷƽģ˾һŷڳԷм䣬ίίٹһͬҶƽְ˻ʡίίͬ־쳤ϵͳɲίΪĲţЭͬ֯ɲҶƽ˴ΣҲʡίίɲͬ
ٹ俴ȥҪһһЩҪСһЩһ˾ͷЦǲǹĸɲҶƽ֮ǿ֣ٹ⿴ҶƽʮֵᣬθĸɲͶҶƽ˼ۣʼմЦ
ίǵصĲţΪҪί쵼ҶƽӦȼһҪЩǡ
ｻ֮䣬ҶƽеЩҪ쵼棬ʡί֯ʡίͬ־ͱʾǰҶƽ͵֮Ҫί֯ίźҶƽְùϵĽӹǾͲˡ
ʡί֯˲ҪֱҶƽְίаţֻǰҶƽ͵Ϳˡ
ȻǵӦ극Ժʡί֯ί˾ȫˣҶƽ
ҶƽְҪί֯ΪίֻЭһͺٹһ£ȰҶƽȻίоصİš
ҶƽȻǴӦǵҪһаǵĳаţһ͸ί칫Ҵһ绰ȸҶƽڱסޣίо֮ٶҶƽаš
ҶƽǵԺ쳤쳤һְȻʡίооĽֻҶƽΪм쳤ѡˣֱ뾭˴ѡͨС
ڴ֮ǰҶƽҪһǾҪίίоҶƽΪԺǣ֮Ϊ쳤ѡˡ
мҪһҶƽֻȴУȴίίٿ
Ҷƽʱס˱һҽӽǼĴƵ꣬еľҪз࣬ҴƵӦίһƵꡣ
Ƶֽ칬Ƶֽ꣬еñȽҶƽƵ֮󣬾ɷԱһ998׷۸Ƚϵİ󣬵Ҷƽʸסķ䡣
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ҪϢʱȴţҶƽԼһҲʶ˭Լţѵ֯
Ҷƽʹ˷ţһžͿһԴñȽϹļһЦҶƽҶãǾƵܾǿӭסǵľƵ갡
ǿȥضҶƽ˵ҶƽһôоһˣôһƵꣿ
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Ҷƽƣ֪ԼǼ쳤ģڻûģ͹Լ׽ʲô˭Լסģ
ҶƽһʣҶƽ߽ȥǿЦҶ죬ܲҽȥ˵
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ŲǿǳӣҶƽһ뵽һ998ļλҪǶס죬סСԼסʲôģίֻǰʱס죬ίãܳסȥ
ƺһӿҶƽ˼ǿ΢ЦҶ죬סǮ¸ᣬҿƵǸ쵼ģҪǮǾǼˣҹҶ㽻ѣûʲô˼
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ҶƽĻǿ˵Ҷ죬ϢҲˣʲô֪һ浽
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һ飬Ҷƽ˯ˣأԼûʽأСӹԼѣĿĿ϶Сһ㡣
ڶһ磬ǿֹһԷҶƽﱾһԣС飬ԼûֻܾøһȥԷԷʱ˼ŮӣǿҶƽܵⶼǾƵľǳҶԳԷ
һ⼸ŮӿȥҶƽǳöǲ˳Ů
⼸Ůӵĳ֣˲ǿĿģ⼸ŮԼԷʲô˼ѵԼһ˲ܳԣ
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ȻԲǿҶƽҲ˽⵽һЩһѵʲôԱμ쳤֮󣬶Ժһ˽⡣
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˾֮󣬱Ҷƽ绰ϵҶƽ¥㣬˾ƵſھͿһԽҰͣھƵǰûо־˾ӭ򿪳ţҶƽ˽ȥ
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ӣԺٿȫԺɾᣬһίǼβγƽһͬϯ飬ƽͬһģֻһĵĽɫ鿪ʼ֮ί֯ɲƿƳίľһҪ
ҶƽҲְԣݲֻ࣬Ǳʾһй飬ͷʡίίŵľģмԺ鸱Ǹ쳤֣鿪һСʱͽˡ
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º󣬳ƽҲҶƽصҶ죬ͻȻ鴦йֳָΰǿίһҲ֪Ϣǲװ
ҶƽһΪԼģ㶢ųƽǣ鴦ˣǰշɳģίһǲ尸ӵģѵ𣿡
ƽһ۵ǲ尸Ӳǲ֪ȨӦӦǻ㱨һ£ǼԺǲ뵳쵼
ƽͻȻҶƽһñӣҶƽֲվ˵ǣĿľΪҿⶥñӣҸյΣ͸ҿⶥñӣǲ̫һЩھȥٹǣ˵ף
ҶƽͻȻŭƽһʱû뵽ΪҶƽոյȻǲп⣬Ļ̳֮ϴȻͿҪԺˣû뵽ҶƽһףһҪȥٹ⣬Ҳеֲˡ
ǻѾ˵ڣ϶ղҶƽˣƽֲģҲվصҶ죬㲻Ҫô쳤һڲ죬㲻ί쵼½ܲ
⻰ǳвˣҶƽһתؿ˵ûһ죬Ҳûί쵼ҶƽģǶԲҲһףҲûʸ˵⻰ҪȥǣˡҲͣ
Ҷƽûо³ƽвֱӱƽûʸ˵ЩΪƽȻί쵼ֻǸǣҶƽһҶƽǰָʹǴˡ
û뵽ҶƽȫӣƽһӸòᣬҶƽ˵Ҫʵֻסһ뿪Ҷƽİ칫ҡ
֮Ҷƽίҵίٹ⣬Ѳ鴦ΰǿ㱨һ飬ҶƽĻ㱨ٹⲻͣصͷûᵽҶƽȲ㱨顣
ٹ̬ȣҶƽ֪ƽǺٻǰѣһίǣԼǰˣǴˡ
ٹЦЦƽͬ־鴦ΰǿٶǿ찡˼˵ĻᶼûУ˵첻죿
ٹĻҶƽ֪˵ʵ˼ҲЦЦǣǵķֳ̰㱨ҵģ˵Ƿ쳤ǩ־ˣǰҲûд¹칤ҵһξһ飬ҳȡ˷ֳ̰;ˣû㱨֪ʲô飬ҵ㱨ˣ
ٹ̴ס˵ˣ֧ǼԺ참ҵְǱǰ참ܵ˵ĸţ참ˣôҪǻ㱨㱨ǣǹĻԣƽǲȥˣȥֻ˽һûб˼Ҳһ㱨ҲȥģڹңҲ϶˵һЩĻƽͬ־㲻ҪϣΰǿһǰöԣҵĻû˼ưǻˡ
û뵽ٹô֧참ҶƽʶղŲû˵˵ﻰȻͷˣصĳƽʲô顣


573 ְ֧참
ٹҶƽ̰ѺйӽչôעӣһƽҲ磬˵е㱳Ը鴦ǳƽȻе㱳İӣ쳤ͱ󣬰ѰӰá
һҶƽӰô˭ģ͸ڰУΰǿŲԸ⽻ɸ帺ġ
һǸģҶƽüͷܸоСӲɿڰбİӽ
һ룬ҶƽԼ죬ԭΪֻһֵĸֳڿȽϸӣӻ帺
һҶƽ˵һӾô£Ͼ˱֪ô£ҶƽҶ죬ǲ˹˵ˣΰǿȻֻһֳǱźܸӵĹϵ¾û
һ˵ҶƽЦʵȻ֪ӱȽϸӣΪʲôң
̲˼ؽ͵֪֮󣬾ͻԥҲ鴦ˣе˽ģⶼΪ˹иⲻܲ鴦Ƿ̰ɾĵ飬Ҳû뵽Ҳûʾͬ鴦ˣû뵽ô
ź鲻˽ҶƽȥμίǺίԸ̬ܵȣ֪ˣͲʲô벻ˣҶƽ֮Ц쳤ûʲôҵר﹤֧ǸɹģǵĹ֧֣ǻܳʲôɼ֪֪Ҷ֧참Ժʲô飬һҪȸңҺһ׼ȻͻȻңҶ֪ô¡
Ҷƽһʲô⣬˹˵ˣǻǶ˻ȥҶƽˡ
뵽˵Ҷ죬ʵҹʱҲˣ֯Ѿ̸˻ְֳ̰ⷴҲ챻ȥˣһӣϣܰԲһЩ
һ˵ˣҶƽһ룬ʱûʲô̬ͰοȲҪ룬һҪӸˡ
صص˵ͷ̸껰֮ҶƽԼȥһ°참㣬һΰǿ֪ʲôû˳⡣
ҶƽͻȻڰ참ϣ÷̰ɾǳԾѣ׷ǰҶƽ֣Ҷƽ΢Ц֣ڵ
ɾǾ͸ҶƽΰǿڻǷǳǿӲΪԼ˱Ը⽻Լ⡣
Ҷƽ˰참ڣ뿴һΰǿж̣Ҳڰ참㣬ʱҶƽ֮¶ЦݣӰ쵽ʲô̶ȣȻҲӦ֪ģǺȴ֪²Ͳ㱨ںʸķֳ̰Ҳ޿κΡ
ΰǿһ¿ˮ̵ӣҶƽǰΰǿ֮ǰûмҶƽһǰΪǼԺһͨĸɾ
ʱ򣬺һȵΰǿ𲻵ƺӲģǵҶ죬Թ㣬ϣʵ
ΰǿ̧ͷ˿Ҷƽ鶼ҶƽҶ죬ӦǱȺְλҪߵˣȺְλߵ˿϶Ǹ쳤һˣ쳤ʶȴʶѵ˾ļ쳤
ΰѸжϳҶƽݣԼ쳤еЩԾһֱڵ̳ȥЩ̰ɾûαһ뷨Ҳαʵ
ҶƽΪ쳤İӣеЩĻˣ쳤ʣζܵ˼Ժ쵼ӣ쵼һӣǰᶯίгһŤתǬЩ߼쵼ôܻΪһֵĸֳΪ˵飿
αʵӰ쵽쳤Ӱ쵽ҼʹӰ쵽쳤Ǽ쳤Ҫ˭ֹˣ
żҵ˼붷Ҷƽ˿˵زˣ㻹ʲôаĵһӣҵίǵʱҼöˣ̵ĺܣʲô¶˵ˣ㻹ܳŶãҲҪָ㣬Ҹ㣬ǼԺרųθܷĵط㻹ʲô룬ֻܼĳͷ
ҶƽΰǿҶƽףеһεѹϮȻﻹǴһϣҶƽԵһϣˣ߲ˣô붼ͽ͵ģαôܰҶƽ쳤
ΰǿżҵ˼붷Ҷƽɣ֮Ҳͷˣʲô˵ʲô£Ҫڡ
Ҷƽ˵꣬Ҳΰǿʩѹǿѹ֮£ΰǿڽԼ˻¸ԼΥΪ˰֤顣
ȵΰǿ֮󣬺ߵһֺҶƽ˵飬ղΰǿĽʶһֳô飬϶飬ȥĻпǣαˣαǾֳӰΰǿˣҪҶƽ˵һ¡
һ˵пǣαҶƽ룬Ͳ鴦ΰǿٰα鴦ˣ˻ô룿²Ҫء
Ժطһ£ȷ⣬һ㱨ûʲô⣬ͲҪ²ˣҪһ죬ҪһڳԸӡ
оҶƽ˵Ļеΰǿİӻûа꣬ȲҪȥ»᲻ǣα飬˵ΰǿڶôαύ鲻αȷʵ֤ݣпòǲˣԺͼίһίԸʹ֣ԺȴǽϷͥҪ֤ݵģ鲻֤ݣǲʹµģ˼һᷴ㣬Ǳˡ
ҶƽĻרİΰǿӣҶƽź֮󣬾ͲٹˣתȥԺ顣
ԺǷ̰£ҵ񣬲ϰ齻ĸ쳤ֻشŻᱨ浽ҶƽҪãһǰѰ칫¥ǺãǰԺµá
ֻаˣԺĹ˳мԺڵĸɲȽϻвɲ䲻ǺƫˣвɲҲƫˣԵðϵ¸˳мԺȫʡ⼸һֱǵһڶҲҶƽҪٵѹȫʡûгɼ쳤ܸɶ
ŤתмԺ棬ҶƽҪ񣬾ͺñȵίʱһҪѾøȥһڼԺǰȫʡϵͳλˣҶƽ쳤ûиɺã


574 
ҶƽȥίǸΰΰίǣʮңίѾ꣬Ҳûʲô;ˣʡﵣθְгʷһЩŽӸΰλӡ
ҶƽȥЭһʽ𽫼Ժİ칫¥ܲ¥һֱβţԺûǮҪ¥Ǻòװ޺ãҪǧԪɲһСĿ
ΰҶƽĵûʲôرķӦֻ֪ҶƽǿʡɲһıȻôҲʡҶƽֻǵһ쳤ȴеƣʡһ㽻ǵίְλô˷ְλ
ҶƽԼǰΰ۲Ҷƽı֣Ҷƽ֮ϣʹǵμ쳤һְҲеˣ䲻ڸְλǻ
ƽͬ־¥ίҲ˽飬вҲǺܿԣǿٲһǮǣʣǮҪԼ취롣ΰҶƽҪͶҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ֮˵ǣܸǶǮ
ΰ涥ǧʣµǧԼ취ɣ
˸ΰĻҶƽܸǧҲǲˣһǮҪǿҪ֪ڸŶҪǮ˭˭ԭίǵʱҲǲð죬ڸΰͬǧҲ֧Ĺˡ
˸ΰͬ⻹УǮгǩ֣ҶƽȥʷʷһֱԼԺƫʱҶƽҶƽҪüͷһ壬û˵ʲôϴӦúúãǵȵҶƽ֮ȴǲʲôҶƽơ
һڳﻮǮ飬һҶƽҪԺ½һıԺ쵼һԱǶ˵ģЩ˱ίоܶ˵ľвĸɲȻԺ쵼һԱί飬ȡֶΡ
вĸɲϴˣ˺֮⣬˵ĹԶˮЩ˶ռԺλӣǲóλµͬ־ϲ
ȽԽһܲһӣûпǲܲģһôвɲһӰȫȥˣȶأοո˰
νʱίҵβǳƽҵģƽںҶƽҶƽˣȻһǣ˵ְ飬֯Ѿ̸ˣðѺȥ
һھҪ⺫飬Ҷƽͱʾͬ⣬ΰǿİڰ֮Уôʱȥְ
Ҷƽͬ⣬ίĸǾͱʾҪίİţҶƽʾͬǼ쳤ȻҪ֯ίҲҪȻϴˣǹԺܸߣΪʲôܼηֳ̰
Ҷƽ̬ȣίĸֻûȥٹ⸴ƽ֪ϾͶٹǣҿҶƽûаίְóˣ᲻Ƿˡ
ٹ̧Ƥ˵ⲻ⻹֯˵㣬ֻЭ֯ɣҶƽոˣҪ֧ǣȻ˻˵
ƽȴûʲôϵ֧Ҳܲǲ¡
ٹҿû˼ͲҪˣԼĹˡ
ƽʱٹûʲôӣƽǰһֱ㣬ĹϵӣҲٹ̬ȣԲŻٹǰٹٹȻ죬Ҳû̫ƽϣƽˣûദûչˡ
ٹڻҶƽƽûа취˭ֻһǣʰҶƽҲûı£ֻܸҶƽҵ鷳
ίĸ֮Ҷƽȥһί֯Ѻ˵ˣܰѺְҲûȥʲôֱӾȥһ
һЦ̸֮Ժ⣬һ⣬ԭвɲһֻһְڳλӣȻˣͿ԰Ժ¹ϵ˳ˣͱõ֧֯֡
ҶƽŸһһ˵˵£һ˻ǲģΪ֯ԼԺڲ黹ҶƽΪ쳤ҶƽҪ֮󣬱ͬ⿼飬ںڵְ⣬ʾԺԸ֯Ҳȥǿȥְ񣬳Ǻ鵽ʵݵˡ
ʮݣ黹Ըɺüģ˵ͬⲻ⺫ְˣҶƽʹ֯ȥ
صԺ֮ҶƽټԺ쵼ӳԱͨһ£ʾҪ֯һԺڵ⣬һҶƽô㣬һӾͰԺԱȫˣǺλȴǲⲻѡ
飬ΪҪȫ鲻ٵηֳ̰һְҪȫԭӡ
ǸҶƽˣĻҶƽһ۵Ѿ֯㱨ˣǾͰ죬㲻ͬĻ֯˻ʲô
Ҷƽȥ⣬ֱԱĵԱжײǰ涥ţҶƽǰʾû
һͳ˹¼ҹˣĸӲҶƽĴڣҶƽ˵껰ֱ֮ˣһҲҶƽӡ
ѱҶƽҲǺǼ쳤Ǹ쳤ǸأԺʵм쳤ƣ쳤ȨһԾŶģȴǲȻΪԭ
ʱҶƽѾ֪֮Ĺϵˣı֧֣ʹԼô𾴣ԼҲκβ
ɢԺҶƽô죬ڼԺڲ֧ԼĹұֵػԣ϶Ӱ쵽ԺڸɾмԺĹѾˣֳЩѹã
ԼԺû˰ĻˣУ취
ֻ飬ȥȫһҰѱУҶƽ顣
֮󣬲ûвȡʲôΪֻ֧֣Ҫͬ飬ҶƽûɵģϾԺ⻹ҪоҵҶƽһԾŶ֮Ȩ⣬ҪоͿҶƽô졣
ʱԺҲ֪һҪµ£Ҳ֪Ҷƽ֮з£˵ҶƽΪ֧Լηֳ̰ˣһж뵽ΪԼ֣Ҷƽ


575 
ҶƽǳʣԸΪ¶ԺĹ̬ȣҶƽʾϺʱûзֳ̰ĺѡֳһְΣҵľô˵Ҫͦס
Ҷƽ˶Ժֵ֧̬ȣͲְˣҶƽ֧϶ΪҶƽ֮ʲôܵĹϵΪ֧참֧ģļ쳤û
ӣҶƽύί֯Ժ󣬺ܳʱûжʱе󣬳ƽ֮͸һظΪƽίǼβΣ֯´ȨϾԵͳһΪɣҶƽķ˻ȥ
ί֯Ҫȡίίͬ⣬Ҳͬ⣬һ棬Ҷƽڰ칫˼Լ鴦ΰǿľٶԱˣȻٹһȥ֧Լڳƽ˵£Ǳ㲻ȫ֧Լˣ˵˵عԱ֮һŵΪֲȦӵΪȻҪһܵĵֿ
Ҷƽֱܷȡů໥֮ά棬ƻ͵飬ڹصʱרһصĺ«Ϻ廢Ͻȫʵֱ֤ȡůΪźĸΪֻоܱΣ
ǵίǣûְȨΪ쳤ҪüԺҵץȫί˵ҪܹܵĶ̫ˡ
Ȼܵ٣ְȨΧڵҪץãΰǿǿԼηڴˣΪΰǿ˵飬ͨƽʵһСɫһãʵʱǼ򵥵ƽһˡ
ҶƽЩεһ˼ʵʡί֯Լߵμ쳤һְǲ⣬ֲܲ֯Ҫ󣬼Ժһĵλڽ跨ιңξһι飬;һͬӰ졣
ֻ⣬Ҷƽ˰죬еһ칫¥ѣΰӦǧֱҲûеʣһԺڵµܵйԱӣֻе֮ڣãֻһʩչֽŵĸо
Ȼ˵£ԺһûݵϻȥҶȣǾԵԼ̫ûбˡ
Ҷƽ뷨µԲ칫¥ʱǣǱ˿һҶƽǳصģκ
ĽǼӴԺİ참ȣ˿ʹٴۣҶƽҲίȫ˳ּ⡣
˼ԺҶƽѺй̰참飬ⷽ滹ʲôĴʩûС
鲻ҶƽҪʲôͰԷ̰дڵһЩ⽲˳Ҷƽ֮úе˵֮˵ϺҪӴ칤ȣ̰ͷҪȫ涯ѰӰãǼԺڰ칫¥֮βΪǵİûаãǰѰӰˣҪǮӲûˢӣ˭Ҳ㵱£㿴˵ûе
Ҷƽ̹ϵ뺫齻ţһҶƽ˵ĻǴʵǰôû뵽Щ飿ҶƽһͰˣԺ참Ǿһ裬˭Ҳᵱ£ԭʱ򣬰ǿ⿼ǣһҲ첻ɣ㵽Ȼ˭ҲᵱˣҶƽҪӴ참ȣȫ޳ɡ
Ҷ죬˵ô죬Ǿô졣ͱԼ̬ȡ
˺ĻҶƽһ´ﵽİȫңЩҪЩҪһ
ֿ̰϶һЩٱϣеľпɲԣеĸûпɲԣҶƽ˽Щ鵱Ȼ֧֡
ȥԺ󣬾ͰصľٱϽһȻһЩпɲԵİڵҶƽİͷ
ҶƽϷŰͷĲϣмڰֵȥһ飬ҲЧһвֵһԤƵĿƳһƼɲȻֻһƼɲȨȴǲСв˾ٱëǮƣί֮˽ٱԺǲҪһ飿
Ϊ¥飬ʷȻҲͬ⣬вȴʽΪɲǮԺȻе龰ʷԸֱֲӾܾҶƽҪ󣬱ȡϵİ취ӦҶƽǲҲǰףҶƽȥвҲֳʷĺˣһΪԼ쳤һ衣
ֵ֣ͬʱҲЩСΪ˿һҶƽһˡ
λһɲǾйֽ֧ӵһӳҲǿƼɲ˾ٱȡ˻¸գһ鸾ʱȽ϶ӡ
ֱȽǿƣԺͬţ鴦˹ֵ˲ӰҲȽϴֻҪһ죬Ժͷͻˡ
⻹һٱİӣĿָίһμλ־ֳһɲϸߣίˣҶƽһ£ò鴦ӰѶȽϴ󣬱Ͼίˣϴڻǲȡ׺ѵİ취ȲӿʲôЧ˵
ҶƽооȥòֵԤƳڵв뷨Ϊܱ֤̰참ȵʵֺ̰ͷ¾ֵ
Ҷƽ˺ʾʺϴڷ̰֣ΪĹϵΪӣ칬ƵĲǿϵΪУǿָһЩȨϵУøڷ̰֣²ڽİ참
ҶƽԸһֱпһ˺Ļ̰֣ͬдθдһληֳָ̰
ֵֻڲһְţҪ˵ͬ⣬ȻڻϷԵְ񣬵ҶƽԣҪλ
ҶƽǼ쳤Ȼ˷ԣҶƽҲû赲ˣǰҶƽ˼вڲһЩԱСȵص
ӷְֳ̰λģû뵽ȴдºæȥͰοֻһСȵĵûǣвְֻҪҪְʱҪڵģʱҪġ
仰ŷҶƽȰѷ̰ͷµʵ̰ͷµԱҲǱһΪûаٰӣڼ쳤Ը참Ȼ˷Ħȭ׼һˡ


576 ײ
Ҷƽ̰ȶԲֵԤƳг飬ְ֤ݣԤƳڲֵʸȽϣҿ˵Ρ
ΣŵΪˣиĹλҪӲ쵽ǮҪһأλ˲㣬ǮʼŲ⻹˾ٱڲڲ̰۹ΪЩΪԽͽˡ
ҶƽЩԺƽѩӾǴ绰˵Ҫӵĵ绰ҶƽʱΪԺĹû˳ͷһЩ飬ͻȻҪڳչԾЩԸ
ƽѩȴǸԼˣһϢҶƽץˣչһ¡ƽѩ¶ЦݣȻӾɻֱˣ˻ý磬⵹ǱȽϷƽѩĵ
˵ƽѩڶɻȥˣҶƽݳȥ˻ӵ̲ݾֵλסڣһ·ɻƽѩҶƽһӵҶƽСĵظһ¶ӣӣƽѩЦ
˵ҲɣҶƽƽѩӵ˵ʱĽ˵绰˵ҲҪҶƽһͰѵ绰ƽѩ˵ĽҪƽѩ˵ظԼҲˡ
һƽѩͨ绰ĽͼݳǰУڹһڣһڹ飬뵽Ҷƽˣû뵽ƽѩҲˡ
ص⣬ĽȴٵչҪҶƽĺ淢չԼҵҶƽλǨϵسɳԼ
ӹ嵽˵·̲̫ԶĽܿ͵УҶƽƽѩ˱㵽ƵȥԷ
˾ƵԺҶƽȻ˵˵ЦЦڲ̸еĹƽѩҲûʣĽҶƽĹٳȽϹģ䡣
ҶƽͱʾһжãǲҪģ˵ĽЦЦûٶ˵ʲôƽѩǷſġ
һ˷ҶƽĽֱݳȥʱֵʱ֣Ҷƽų׼ص̲ݾֵᣬнʮӣͻȻǰΧһȺ·ϣ˽ͨ
ں棬ĽƽѩۿҶƽҲܲߵǰһֻһһ˸ײˣǸקסһ˵ĽŲӣǸߣڴŵ绰ȥеɵġ
ҶƽʱͻȻ˵绰ţ˵ָ߿ˣһӣΧ۵ȺЩŭָǸˡ
Ҷƽ˿ȥ˿һҲţƵ8888˵е㱳ȻţƵգһź
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Ӧᱣ̫ãΰƲᳬҪΣίǲĻӦֻ֣Ҫίǣȫе´ȨҶƽ쳤ȻҲҪܵĽƣǸʱҶƽٲ
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֮ʷİ칫ң󣬱˼ԺڲһЩ飬ͰˣҶƽǰڼԺĹԼҶƽ˵һЩһ顣
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ʷ⻰ȻĿΪȥһҶƽʷгȥԺ£ίǣԴίԺӲ칤Ҷƽеѹ
׶ԼûȴҪһ㣬ϾʷҶƽԥǰ˵磬ҶƽԺҿҷʲô¶Լ˵㣬ֵʷβôһ֪ˮˮǳԺʵʵģ
һ˵۾ҶƽڼԺڲĴڣǲĴڣȻҲԼǶҶƽûбҪˣʷһ;ҲģΪʷܿܽίǣʹβгҲġ
һ㣬֧ʷ뷨ȻҶƽʶ̧٣ҲͲҪˣΪίǣȻܷЭίץȫ湤ȫ湤ȻҲ
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ҪίٹҲȥȻ֪ǱģҪȥǴίȥģٹΪֹίǣȻҪͬ
֮ί͸Ժ绰ί쵼ҪԼԺӲ죬׼
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飬Ҷƽӭ쵼ǰӲ칤׼Ҫ׼صĹԼȷ飬֮쵼Ժò
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쳤ҲǿҶƽĲ֮һҶƽӲĻ֪Ҷƽһ򵥵ˣĻһίǵָ˻ӦҶƽܿסһίǵѹҶƽһʲôˣֵصġ
һӱøӱ벻ҶƽӣȻطҲʲô©ٷҶƽǾιľ񲻷ⶥñͦҪҪԼϣ
ǿһԸҶƽһ٣˰죬Ҷƽһ٣Ҵ´ȥţ
һ룬ΪһļԺί־ǷĴ֣һ㣬ҪδǵȻҪιУڴ֮⣬ԺҲҪίָӣίãطӴ֣Ǿǿնı̬ƽ쳤˭ĻϣξʲôϻҪһ˼ҲӳǼԺ˼뽨ϵĻңҲ˵ǼԺĴʶҪǿ
ҲһĶ֣ҲؼҶƽҶƽоһˣȻˣԼҲ벻ػػǽǼԺҪ뽲⣬˵ǴʶǿˡǼԺЩ޶ۣЩϷ˴ʶǿĴ󣬸ղҲ˵˲Ҫֿնı̬ôҲҪʲôնĴָ֣ЩΪΥ˴ʶһĸĽбҪǺ֪һ㡣
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ǲܰʵ˼˵ģ˵ǾʧίǵˣҶƽȴֱָҪ֮˵ԺΥʶ˵ó˵޹ʵָԺָҶƽԺݾûˣûݵˣǾͲķڷˣһ쵼ûˮƽֻˣһ˱


582 ֱӶԿ
ɫ࣬ȴһʱûлػҶƽ״оãһ»Ҷ죬Ҿڰ참лǴһĲӴֵġ
ΪΣȻûֱӷԣṩҶƽĵҩЩ̫ͻˣһ˵꣬˶ǿǼ쳤ǺܳԾ̫˰ɣҲϵ̫˰ɣôԼָԼأⲻԺѿ
Ҷƽûϵ˲˼ԺӣȻһĹϵҲǼԺһӣƽʱ֮ʲô϶쵼Ӳ칤ϻҪһ£ȻֱӳϼԺʲô⣬ⲻԴ⣬˳Ц
ٹҲǴؿһۣ˼ϵǲһ𹥻һṩҩҲöҩǴġ
Ļһ˵꣬ǰһ˵˵˵ڰ참ʲôӴֵΪ
һʣͲ˼Ҷƽˣֱ˵ڰ참ûмʱ֯л㱨ڹҲѹҶ죬Ҷһ鲻ӣҲֳָܱİӣûܼʱίֵͨİӣûЭӰ쵽˲ֵԤ㹤ǰһЩĻ˱
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ҶƽһɣҶƽԴ˼쳤ѧϰ˲ٵķ֪ʶҶƽһ˵ǰ˾ģһ˵ί֧Ƕ참ҲҶƽİˡ
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ٹмּ֧ԺĽеҶƽֵ֧ģǿҶƽͻٹⲻˣϾٹίǣ˼ԺҲίãղҶƽҲ˵ҪеεĻʱһպ¡
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־棬ҶƽòܣղٹΪ˵˻Ͳˣͱ̬ºҪѼԺĹá
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Ҷƽ룬ͻȻʶ֮ҪԺѵΪԭһϧಲԺԼίǣûӰ쵽ʱӦġ
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ҶƽĿ֮󣬾ȴڻʱҪ󣬶Ҫȥһ¸ΰһ»㱨ȡԼֻ֧֣Ҫίǵ֧֣ͿԵڽĽ
ؼǸΰȫ֧ΪԼеʵɴһǳҪ⣬ΰӦǧԪ¥ľѣȥҲ֧ģǮʼûõΰҲûʲôȻΰȫ֧ҸΰҲûá
ڰ칫˰죬Ҷƽһ绰죬ΰϵУæһ£øΰȫ֧Լ
ʱѾ¼صĹ¼صĹѾسԲˣϾҪθгˣһӵҶƽĵ绰˵һû⣬ֱӸΰ˵һøΰּ֧ԺĹ
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˸ΰּ⣬ȥҶƽϸظ˵һ飬ȻûиҶƽΰ˵Ҷ飬˵ĻҶƽΪΰ֧ȫǿҶӣĻЩˡ
첻˵ҶƽҲĵŻƢԿ϶Ҫ߸ΰҶ֮Ĺϵ
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ΰڰ칫ڵ֪ҶƽҶ֮ĹϵͻȻеҶƽСӷǳز˺㱨ȡֻ֧֣ǵʱȻҲֵ֧֧ûڱô֧


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ҶƽĿһ˵ǧֻҪǧǧǿԼ취
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һҶƽ˵ΰЩпصڵ֯·߾ЩӲˣƺûĻˣ˾Խ󣬾ԽḻӦòǣǶԵģ취Э
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Ҫ⣬ΰӦҶƽûʲô⣬ҪӦԼԺԾͶԸΰ˵ǣǵĹһ°ɣǻȥԺѧϰָʾ
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鼤ӣҶƽû˵ʲôǶƱӳ飬ӳ顣
Ҷƽ̬ûͷԣҲǿҶƽʲôֻöƱҲ˶೤ʱˣ׼ɣ
ɢԺҶƽȥԺ⣬ȥһϽȥһҶߵ㱨һ£ǳǳڶ﹤ĸʷʺϲʺϵίһֵ⣬ʡί֯Ҫһʻ
ҪȥʡԺ㱨һ¹ҶƽǰʡϽУʱϽеĽֵѾ˻ƻʱѾϽеشϣȻůŶҲ鴫˾ɫ
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һҲ⣬Ҷƽһʮ¥İ칫ѵ΢Ц˵СҶ쳤˵׼ˣ
ѵϢͦͨģҶƽæЦǴӦˣгûǩ֣õš
ѵЦΰһʶˣʷô£ǮҵģôŤŤ󣿡
⵱ȻŤŤ飬Ҷƽڸѵǰ˵ʲôֻܿЦһµ߼лñ߹ģֻҪڣǮ϶ϵλ
ѵǺǵЦҲһݵļ쳤Ļãе¥͸ˣ˼ҵطеطѴǿҲû˼ʡͷֲ֧˼ңʱʷһ֧һ㣬ôشŪǮȥ
ŸѵЦģҶƽ֪ô˵£мԺڲ㱨һ飬Ժʵ˫عϵҲҪʡԺһ¡
ѵҶƽı棬ҶƽһЩϵ£˵֮Ҷƽ뿪ʡԺ
ʡԺ֮Ҷƽ͸Ҷȥһ绰ҶԼİ칫ҽӴԼҶһУҶŮҶü
ҶһӵҶƽĵ绰Ҷƽ͸ʡǣҶһֱʡǵסʡίίԺ
绰ҶҶһţʡίԶһʡίίԺĵطҶƽҲ߸֮󣬾Ϳľ죬ʮֵţһõľס֮
ӵſ֮ǽȥҶƽִһ绰Ȼ˸һ绰ĳӲÿȥ
˾СģҶƽǺ棬ҶƽֻѳͣȻһȥҶסˡ
ҶסҶʡίǣסĵطʹһЩС¥һԺӣ˸ǰֻ֮Ҷüվſӭ
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üôҶƽһ˹ȥ
ҶüǺǵЦҸմӹ˾ˣҺһġ
Ҷüˣ˴θոջҶҪҶһˡ
ҶƽҶü˽ȥҶüüЦģҶƽں濴ӣҡҡͷСǹõġ
ߵ󣬾ͿҶҶỹ˵ŻҶüʹ˵ˣҶҶһ̧ͷͿҶƽ
ҶҶƽһֱȽϺãʱһҶƽЦվƽˣ
Ҷƽæ߹ȥһùúã󲮺ãҶҶüߡ
֮ҶͿҶЦƽܿ죬Ѿеļ쳤ˣǼһû˵ι쳤ǵһ
ҶǺǵЦ쳤أļ쳤ͳҵ飬ƽ쳤ǲܼһУ
ҶǿĶˣҶƽЦã쳤ɲļ쳤һͲҪȡЦˡ
ҶЦ˵ɲȡЦ㣬쳤Ҫͦ£Һʹ綼֧㡣
Ҷ˵⻰Ҷƽæ˵ȻǼ£Ǳ˲һ⣬ǰ󲮻㱨һЩġ
Ҷһ̿ʵƽǱǲʲôˣ


589 ʡı仯
ҶһʣҶƽ˵һ飬ûص㽲Щѣֻᵽʷ˻ߣȱٴֹ۵飬ίܿпܽеܵ⡣
Ҷƽı棬Ҷ˼һ£вûȽ׽ˣΰʡίȽ׽ʷʡžϵȽϽܣĸְνˣȥ
ҶƽʱҪǿȱְȥбȽϽҶƽУͬʱǵҶƽԭιίǣڹطܹñȽϺã˼쳤쳤Ȼм쵼ӳԱҲǸĸ߸ˣҶƽλһҲкôģûǵ֮Щѡ
Ҷƽⷽ⣬Ҷ֪ԼѣǴеĹֳһ㽨飬ԭҲû飬Ȼʡίǣ֣ίǵеһ֣Ǩ֮ȨϲٿʡίУȨҲʡžȻҲϲȥ׷ЩԸвûж׽ҲҶҪʵʵ£;˲ؿȥ׷
Խ;ԽǱȽ˳鲿ոո̸žλӣǲ֪ôģ˱仯쵼ͻȻνʡίǣֱȥİ࣬žʡһְ
һ仯Щ벻ľӣҶƽṩЩһĹбüˣؼҪ쵼İţİ塣
ҶҲû˵ʲôҶƽȻҲȥ˵껰֮ͺҶüȥˣҶüҲͺҶܷܷ࣬ҶƽԼãҶܷܷƽѩİҲ˹繫˾ϰȥˣҲһ¡
ҶҶƽҲǺӣϣҶƽ𲽳ɳΪҶҵһôϾһҲҶҶڹٳϷչһҲû˭ǵİˣҶƽˣ˵˵һĺԮ
磬ƽǱ߹ʡͷһҪƽ֧һЩƽѩѾͷҲ˻飬ƽԶ϶ҲӣһƽƽԶҲмġҶҶ˵£Ϊ֪ҶԭҶƽгɼģȰһȰҶʵ֪Ҷת俴ˡ
ҶƽƽѩҶȻ֪ҶƽҲ൱ƽԶŮˣ˵Ҷƽǵõҵֻ֧֣ҪҶƽܳŵ棬ڹٳϿ϶һõķչаҶƽһѣȻ£Ҷ̫˵
ҶƽȥʡҶʱʷҲʡǣһ˽ʡǵĶ򣬶һҲȥžһˣԼίǵ¸Ūƶˡ
ʡ֮ʷǰݷʡ칫һλΣλʡ칫ĸԭͬ£˶ʡ칫Ҳ൱Ǻʷʱתαһû깤תطչбегȻ䲻󣬵ļѾкüˣλʡ칫ĸȻһ
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ʷ֪ӣλ΢Цǲǳסˣίǵλӻƶģ
ʷٺٵ¶Цݵе£ϸ߻λأ뷨ʡͷһֱ˵ҪˣҪˣʡͷ꣬ͷҲǲܶġ
΢Цһ£εٳٲʡİӣҸоб䡣
һ˵ʷһʵô䣿ϰ᲻λ
οʷһ۵ҲϰȥǵʱȽ϶࣬Ҹо϶ǳʲô鷳ˣ򲻻ӣܲλ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
ʷʱһ£֮ǰž϶ҪλģʡǼžʱоǳĲͻȻƵѵʲôˣ˱ʣ˭νʡʡίǣ
֣˵ô䷨ʷ²ο϶֪һЩĻԾ׷ŵ
λʡ칫νаϤҲ㣬ʷƽʱҲûٽУҪʣԻǱȽʽһЩЦ
Լ֣ǲɵ뵽ڽԼ֣һۣ˵֪ϵܣڶгˣһӲǵλ𣿡
ʷʱڨڨЦţ˵Ҳ˼㲻Щ湤ͬ־֪һϢҪ֪һ㣬ңԺҿ϶֪顣
ʷԼǰ֪Ϣӣϣֳһ̣ʷһüӰ㼱æǰ̵ϣʵһвŵˣʱ˲ѣҲһгʲôˣΪҲи񣬼ʷֵ־֮ͷʱǲܣʷ飬ڰǰǫѷһ㣬ð쵼ǰҩ
ʷԼ̵ӣһл̣Ȼ³һȦؿʷʼ˵֪ôһϢôȷͲˣиС
ʷæʵʲôϢ
˿Ȼһôָָ˵ϰλӲ䣬ϡ
ʷָ濴ȥһʱûʶô£ʵҪû뵽׷һ˵˭ϣ
ʷ͸оôܵгƽƣԼҪҪȴ᲻ȥ˵̫ˡ
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ʷһ˵ϣ䣬һӾˣ˰ԭ˵ҶֲָĴָأҶʡί֣ѵҪһԽžʡίǣ
˵п𣿡ʷ૵˵һ䣬ԸϾžĹϵһˣžʡίǣίǵĿԾͻСܶ࣬Ҷ֮ȴûĽ飬ҶҲ˽Ҷλô뵽Լ
˵أûлشǷһ䣬ʷһʱסˣղ⻰оʵЩడ


590 ٳĻ
ʷ⻰ȷʵЩ࣬Ҷ˭˲ֻ֪Ҫ˼ҪʡίǣǻϾǰ϶£ﻳɣǶһ٣
֣ģϰܵѹˣҪùʷһ԰˵
΢΢һЦνˣؼ㣬ϰҲʲôѹƣʡˣ㻹ԸԸг
ʷı䶯һ£ΰˣȻԸٵг˱仯˭֪žܲܽίǵλӣ
˵֣ҶǱʲô·ûУеĻһ£󲹣ʷͻȻգһ۾
Ŀһ˵ôĻͥ
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ϰְûϰ֧֣ߵز𣿡ʷһ£ʷһӲˡ
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˵Ҳɣʷ뿪ʡ֮˾뿪ʡǣ·˾ͻȻǰһָŸгǰǼԺĳ
ʷ֪˵ʲô˼̧ͷһ۵ʲôԺĳ
˾мԺҶƽĳ
һҶƽʷϸȥԼԺĳϤ˾ϤҶƽ˾СʶȻ֪ҶƽĳƺţһͿˡ
ҪҪк˾ʵ
ʷֹˣǵġ
ʷ֪ҶƽҲʡǣ֪ǸʲôģܿʡԺ㱨ģһ룬ҲûʲôɵˣҲû˼ȥҶƽ£صԼλ顣
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ҶƽȻȥ˼쵼¿϶Ը֪ʹ쵼ĳҲװ
ʷ֮󣬰ڰ칫ȴ˼ڰǰһᣬһҪĻᣬʷƽƳ˷⽮Ҳʱʷһ֣Ӹʼˮƽ˵ԼʷҪǿˣʷһֱãʱһͬİ칫Σڵʡʡί֯ȥˣžǸȵϴʱʷǰӲ칫žСӳñȽ˧žֿ˰칫Σûñ㵽ְίǣȻ͵ег֮˰칫ĸΣһֱڡ
˵ĳɷڹٳϻռ˲٣ûٴҲﲻǸ߶ȣһ㵫ãȴҲܹ˺ͨĽѡ
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ٵһ̶ȾƿƿϵƿҲְϵƿǹϵƿҲ˵һ̶ȣû˸ǿĿɽϾϲȥˣʵǴʵһũĺӣܵʡί칫ĸҲӦ֪ˣһвʣžȻҲǲȥгʲôģ˵ʲôֻʺϰ칫ҵĹʺϵ湤ⲻǳ𣿵ְʱǸɵúܺ
ʵ֪ʲôԭһ粻ȥȥһԼԸֱϲʷȥϵžܣһΪʷӴСҲʡһĸɲֻũһǸʷͬİ칫ΣҲʷǹȥͬ£Ҳģһȣˣûͱ˱Ȱ㲻ͬ߶ȵĲͬ
оһҪĻˣܸıǰƿʡﾭ򽻵һλϰ壬ȥһ˾ǣһҪҲҶ˵ҶֶӣֻҪʶ;϶а
ȻļеܲΪҶֶӲôǸϰȴǺܸˣͣذͽǸˣһ룬ҶֻһʡίǣͨǸҶӽҲûʲôãǺʡﴫҪ䶯˵ҶҪʡһˡ
һľίǸϰҶֶǰ˵˵ûҶ֪˵лʱ뵽
˭ִ֪ҶҪʡίǵˣһҪҶϵǿ˲õһˣ뷨ץҶֶϵһ£ȡҶ̸һ¡
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Ҷƽص֮Ҳټڸ¥£ʷżæŵ֪ʡսҲϾȥҶƽ⵵£´ߴһΣʷҲ˵ֻ֧ǲ֧֣ȥջҪ֣ͨ±ֻðй˵ΰҪԼʷı̬ץǮԺ˻ϡ
µǴӦˣǻȥԺȴû˿һʷûа£һ⿨ԺŲ죬Ҷƽô
ҿҶƽѾⷽ£ûô⣬Ҷƽ֪Ļ϶ᱻ¥²ȥ룬ôͰѾȫͶϡ
ֵԤƳѾˣԼ̰ۺܻߵ飬һѲֵһֳ˳
ֵĸֳǸɲˣ֪Ҷƽһ£о鴦ΰǿһֱӽ飬Ļ𲻱Ҫ鷳Ժ참ί참ǲһģί참ɶȴһЩԺ참Ҫ֤ȷ䣬ԭżί참˼άڿЩʣҪѰ˳ذطί
Ϊ˲鴦ֳָҶƽרȥһмίȥмί棬Ѱί֧ϡ
ʸȽϣίڸΰʷģгǰҪԭΪĳί磬ȴǱȽûа취ίǵǲϵȥˣϣҲԽгǣֻӵģʵгʷĸʱ仹磬һβȥֻܴλˡ


591 
˻һˣҶƽȥû˵ͬҶƽҪ˿û̬ȣҶԸҲʹҶƽ֮󣬸ܵķӸ
һ̬ȣҶƽʱ˼ί֧֣鴦ֵĸֳ࣬ѹָԺˡ
ҶƽṩĲ˫ֳָ֪£Լίˣȴûκεķ֮⣬Ϊ֪һʲôˣҪǸġ
Щţһʱûа취ºæȥʷ㱨ֳ˫£ʷֻŶһûд𻰣Ҳûа취˵˫˵ʲôأ
ڼί˫֮Ҷƽ˸ȥֻҪֳصķʵԺͿίҲͿƽ˾ˡ
ոհ£ҶͻȻӾǴ˵绰һӵҶεĵ绰ҶƽееС⣬СӸԼ绰Ҫʲô
һӵ绰ҶξͶ˵ƽĶ
Ҷƽ˰
Ҷεھǣһ˷ҪҴȥϽҲҴˣҾæȥҴһô
һ£ҶƽͲҶҶѵԼͲ˵ôҵԼȥء
һ룬Ҷƽθ磬˵ܶ࣬ûʱ䰡˵ΪʲôҪ󲮰
Ҷεʡ칫һΣȥ˻еܣһѽʶģˣǱҲҪһЩԮְҽʶһ²Ǻܺ𣿡
һһʡ칫ĸҶ棬Ҷƽﶯһ£ĸ칫ĸΰһ˽ʲô֣
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һ֣ҶƽоеЦ֮ǰҲû˵ˣһҲȤˣ˵θ磬Ҵһˣô
Ҷεԣ¾ͰˣʱȥϽȥ
˾͹Ҷ˵绰Ҷƽµ绰Ժ󣬾£˴һôҶ᲻ȥóȻҶ»Ҷˡ
Ҷƽȴ绰죬ʶʶһ绰飬Ǹе֣˵ϵܣʲô
Ҷƽͱˣ˵ʶɣ
ͺǺЦûϻʶˣ˺ʡĴ֮һѾöˣĲӶεе쵼ȥˣֻʡΰ칫ĸΣ˵ҪΪøʡ쵼򽻵ξôһ㡣
һһˣΪʲôȴҪҶˣҶƽһ룬˵ϸ磬˵вţЩǲǣ
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⻰ЩìܣҶƽܲܽʶһ£
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ҶƽͲҪˣֻܸܽʶˡ
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Ȼʡ쵼򽻵ǻϲѵģԭ¼صίǣϲʡǻʶһѣʡ칫ĸΣһĴӣȻҲύĿ֮һ
أҲŽύʵȨرǻϲύһȥ쵹ȽϤˡ
ӵĵ绰ҶƽҪһ棬ʱе֣һеļ쳤ҪԼʲôѵʲôҪԼʷͬ£ѵ쳤Լʶʷ
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ҶƽͻһȥʡȥһƵ֮꣬󣬱绰ץ
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ҶƽһۿȥֻӲߣɫڣһŹǷֱЩԣֻʲôӹҲϹ䱾±Ƚϴɡ
ΣҸһ£λеļ쳤ҶƽŰֱܵ
תҶƽ΢ЦҶ쳤ããΪ
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κã˵ʡǵĴӣһȻ鴫ҶƽЦ˵
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ҶƽʶҪ뿴һһʲôˣҶν飬˵ҲڽʶһϵԮ֣ڿеϵĲ־֮ˣȥȷʵֻǸòҶأ
ȫ֪£ֻھгȫ֪Աߵһ˶˵Ҫԣ֮ǰʶҶֶӾҶΣҶҶӽҲܸˣֻҪҶε;˵ͻб仯
ҲеͬջˣﲻǲҪˣｻ֮䣬̽ǰͺܽ͸κεķûʲôҲû̽
Ҷƽֻǹ۲ŰһһƹѲȻֲܱɫҶƽеľԣҾȻ˾ƣ˵ʲô˵ҲǺǿģΪʲôȥأ
ҶƽļʹЦһѼ˵һ£Ҷƽһ֪ԼһũͥҶƽʱˣֳûرԵܴﵽּѾˣԱǨȴˣʲôûжٹϵˣĻʮֵĹؼˣȥܣĽ־ǽһְȻݰɣ
һ룬Ҷƽ˰˼ϾŹͬĳͬҲŹͬ׷ԼϽλӾԲܸģ̫Ļ;˰ڰҲҪֻõ壬㣬뷨һѣܰʲôλϣҲһ֧֡


592 ǹ
Ͱһ棬ҲǺͿ֪ͬҶƽҪĿģҶƽڼ֮󣬱Ҷϵһ£ʾ˻ԣǲ֪Ҷʲô
Ҷξ͸ԺҶ˵һԣоֲǷҪҶʲôġ
Ҷ˵Ҷƽһ£ȥҶѰҶ˵һ£˵ҶģԱҶôһ¡
ҶƽĽܣҶûʲô˵ʲôڰҲ˽ģǶǺϤڰͨҶκҶƽԼúúÿһ¡
ҶĻҶƽȻܾʲô뿪ҶסȻ绰ҶΣ˵Ҷ˵ˣתɡ
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Ȼž֧֣ҶĻԤϡʷ֪һ㣬ҶǰԼȡҶΡ
ҶкȻ칬Ƶ꣬еʡͬ־ȽãΰʷֱԸйðȫ
Ҷͷϵеģ֮󣬸ΰʷȫͬҶһУʡί鳤ǰҶг̡
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˵úȾƣǰμĳίǸеЩʧҲܱʾʲô黹Ƿǳĸˣʡίǹ;Ϳˡ
ҶԵúǺͰһ߳Էһ죬Ҫйзչ飬ʲôµĶصļ⡣
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ʷżⲢûʲô֮ҶҲûʲôµĵطټʷžܹϵȻһֶˡ
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⻰ʷ˵ģȻ˵ΰܾʡίľߣ߱Ѿʷ˳ɼôģӹɵҶѾʷɼˡ
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ղҲˣȥȥʵҶס칬Ƶ꣬ôܴǹǲҪҶ
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ҶƽԴ˲֪ϷһǹƦåȻڽֵϻƴǵΪˡ
ҶڶһƽȻǹķǱϾʡίǣҪִ䲻ȣΰʷһһ޶û˯飬ѹܴﵨΪķͽʲôʱ򲻻ƴƫƫʱƴⲻרŸ
Ҷ֮˵۾ﶼѪ˿ȴ˿ĵ֮۾ͣع۲Ҷı飬Ҷ˶
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Ҷ˽һһίǣһгʷԭ򣬵ΰץþǵʧְϰջʲôȫУƽʱôģ˻ȥ֮д֣ʡϵ飡
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˶ʧǣҶʼնû˵仰֪ҶΪǹû˵ΪеĹȷʵûöԸ˵仰
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ʷ˵һȥøҶһ
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Ϊ˲࣬ڵĹȻץˣҶƽΪ쳤ֻ˵˽һҪԺӵĻţڵҪɹɵģ˹ʱԵúǽϾô£ֳǵ𣬲һĵǣʡίί¬֧ߣ˵֮仹һݹϵ
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Ҷƽ򽻵࣬˹ҶƽʱûʮѺõأ֪ٹҶƽоҶƽЩְŵģȫǹ㶨ˡ
ΰʷһίٹ˶ӭӣҶƽȻҲӭӡ
˿ңΰʷ˱ΰ˵12.20һʮֶӵ°永˫Ȼǹ໥Ϊƻеᰲسʹ룬˴ǹ¼ҶӲڼ䣬Ƕеƣǲֻܰһͨ°Ҫ巢𰸼ıʲôӳʲô⣬ֻǲʡί¾ٹȫȨ𣬹취˾ͬ־ϣֵͬ־ҪȫԸƴ˰永Աȫץ񣬳
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ΰûͬ˹ΪǴη濼ģսЩ˴˺ᣬͬʷԣǿĻϰ壬ôǿҲǺˣǿǺᣬҶȴס˺ῪľƵ꣬ȥҶô룿˻ô룿һ⡣
ǣҸо˹˼·Ժܺõһ·ӣ˼·飬ҿܺãǵҪȵպо𣿡ʷȻһʱû뵽⣬Ǹ˹Ըΰ˵
ҶƽԱ֮󣬲ϸȻһ룬ȴ˸ΰ⣬ǼKTVȷʵǲǿģ²ǿѲϵǿ˺ᣬῪľƵȴίĶƵ꣬ίźڣҶıҲ칬Ƶ꣬Ҷ
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ΰһҶƽ뵽ܵæһֵƽ쳤Ҫ˵ʲô˵ǼԺǷרң˵һ˵ǵķ
ΰԵӣҶƽ̹Ȼ˵֪϶Żķϸ϶׼ǲΪΪǺ᷸Ӧڰȫץ֮󣬽ۺϷپǷҪ϶ǺʵķȽ׵ȥԺһᰲŹ߲ŵǰ뵽𰸼У׼ȷ϶˹ɺᡣ
Ҷƽ˳ŸΰԼΰһ̸Ҷƽ˼Ըֱ϶źĲ룬ӶίҶɲõӰ졣
гҿҪԺʱҪ½ۣȰԱȫץ֮ʣ㿴Σΰʹ˻Ӧʷ
ʷҶƽһۣоҶƽΰȷʵĹϵҪȻôôһһͣ
ôһ룬ʷûټԼҪưʱֻҪӹɺᣬʱ˭ҲֹˣֻҪѰӰ˺ʵİӣֳеĹɼʡίһõĽ
ʷ˼·ΰ˼·ͬȻӲǣǿĻûⷽĹ˼ɣֻҪǣǿǿ˺ᣬƱػίѿ˵Ҷˡ
ȥԺʷҲĥ⣬һĥһΰڴϵ̬ȣͻȻһҲ˸ΰڣôӵҪҪڵİأ


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һ룬ʷѼί˹ʸϣηȻĹϵҲһ㣬ǿ԰ȻԸΰΰ˰Ǹΰİˡ
ͬʱ˹ʡί㱨ʡί֪飬ʱ򿴸ΰʲô˵
Ƶķǳã֮һ漰ǿİУһȴǾʷĿһЩɣ֪ʷΰ֮ǵ£ʷǲڽ֮Ըΰ
һ룬ʷǰûбֵߣǱʾҪȥʵʵĻίʹ
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ڿʱû죬ʡίίί¬ֱӴ绰ǹİԼǷ永⡣
һ¬ʵ⣬ΰ͸о¬㱨ˣ¬ϾʡίίΰǰҪһЩҺǰҶƽ˵飬ڿлظ¬ˡ
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¬û˵ˣΰһ¬绰Ժȥ˹˹һȴ˵ԺǹǺⲻһ
¬˵ԺҪǸһعԱģΰüԺǺȲҪô࣬һԺδɡ
¬˻˹ûл˵ˣû뵽ΰӼԺˣȻüԺ
Ҷƽ˸ΰ󣬺ͺһȥ˲ǿһ棬ȻҪ˽ûǣǿİȥͱҲǿ̸
˹ѺǿĵطҶƽһǿûյķ⣬Ȼûвǹ²ǹôһЩɢԱΪѾ쵼֯ˣֻ˹ҪУҪıɡŻǣͺ
˹ı֮٣ǺȴģҶƽ˽һºж
ҶƽǿϲصҶ죬ôˣԩҪΪ
ŲǿԼǰӣҶƽصǿԩǲԩѾʱˣ˵ЩʲôãҪΪԩģҪһЩ飬ϣʵǵػش𡣡
һҶƽһɫӣǿոȼϣˣž͵ͷʲôҲ˵ˡ
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ϷĿǣҶƽŲǿôش𣬶ǿ˼˰죬̧ͷһ۵Ҷ죬ûʲôϵⶼǹֵңţǿֱӵ
ǿȨǲ˵֮ĹϵҶƽıʱúܸӣ˰죬ؿǿںȻȥ飬ϣʵǵذ˵ֻкôûлӱҲûãײף
ǿûʲôϵһ˵ġ
ϵĻشҶƽ˼һ£˵ȻǾͲˣߣ
˵꣬Ҷƽ׼뿪Ҫ뿪ǿȴֺҶ죬֪ǳȥˣ˱һҹܲҹܣ
Ҷƽһͷ˵ʲô
ǿ˵˷±һ࣬ҹܲҹܣҹҾ˵
Ҷƽת˵˵ɣֻҪʵһ㹫ġ
ǿҶƽ˵¾ҵͷڽһܸˣ±һ࣬ǹȴûȥץǼ쳤ܹܲһ£
¾õ˵ˣǹֳȻû飬ǲǿ£λش
Ŀƽط˲ǿϣҶƽһ飬˵ڰѳ¾õľúõظ˵һ飡


601 ץС
ǿԸڵͷˣǿյĶֺвʣǻǰСӺлɣǳ¾ڱָʹһоǶԵģҶƽǰҪץסϸҶƽܾôͿˡ
ѳ¾õľ˵һ飬Ҷƽ֮е¾ȷʵۣǹȴûаΪĿ꣬ȻǿĻʧʵ֮Ҫºĺʵ
ǿ˵֪ˣʵĻҶһҶƽǿ˵
ǿϵ˵ľʵĺһˣ϶ҪðͷڲץԺ϶һˡ
ǿеӣҶƽû˵ʲôȻתˣں˵Ҷ죬ץ¾õ£ûа취µùȥУСӲ˵Ĺϵڸô죿
ҶƽͣסŲתͷ˺һ۵֪ˣһһǻȥɡ
Ҷƽûʲô̬ȻûٶʣȥԺҶƽΰ㱨һ£˵ǿûн֮Ĺϵ֪ε֪ģΰһжʱϲĻ˹ں˵˵ˣûвǿָϣ϶ǿǣ
Ҷƽ˵仰֮ȴ˵ǣȻǿû˵Ĺϵǲǿ˻ô겻ûбɡ黹Ҫġ
һҶƽ˵⻰ΰüͷһ˵ƽҪɡô˲Ҳġ
ҶƽӦǺã÷ֺ̰ͷ¾ֵͬ־ϣһǿⷽ顣
Ҷƽ֮ҪѲǿתƵԺ棬˽һ飬ۺϵжϡ
Ҫ濪չʱ󰸵ĵµĽչйСΪæ͸ʮǮʱҪģСɷҪֻˡ
ͻȻ֪ϢҶƽ˰СɸССӣѾ֪һЩˣˣȴȻҡУӰ
ʮӣС־ϰʱ򣬵ȺʱļԺԱǰȥ˵ߣȥһ˼Ժ
СŤͷһмԱΧסвһƾʲôҪȥԺ
ԺԱصôƾʲô߲ߣˣ
ֵԱԶС˵ЩûһǰģСǹֳƽʱ裬ǰͲóʲô£ûһǰСɵæС
СһܣԺԱһ붯ֽס˳ڣˡ
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СһҪԼ飬һӸӽ˵ʲô飬ǲҪңҵøҰ֡
ԺԱЦүүҲûãҪʵˣûˣ㲻˵Ǿ֡
ҰָʲôСɾʵ
ԺԱһۣûлشĻСһʱĬҲ˵ˡ
Ҷƽȡ˹ԱĻ㱨Сɣһβ鴦ֳָʱ򣬾ֹ֪ңһиԴ϶СɵαҪ鴦αͻƿڣСɾͻƿڣҺлߣץڱץסὫ¡
ҶƽŹԱӴȣȡСɸͻƣѹֵİӸˡ
СͻȻץαţ֪Ҷƽ˽ϴβ鴦ΰǿʱûͨ˹ϵֱԺץȥô죿
α˼죬ȥίǳƽƽһ˵Сɱץˣͷǿһ£Ҷƽ˾ٺⰡĿ϶СɱˣαΣˣ
αСɸ̳ԼܲԱڶδ֪ˣƽһα˵ΣҶƽ֮䲻ھưҿá
һƽ˵αһ뵽Լڳƽǰֳʲôʵǣʲôã
αһۣƽ˵ʲôҲҪСİҶƽͲҵӣĻںǱϴѾ϶ˣûȥ˵⻰ҿֱггæҶƽܸӡ
ƽʾΪȻæܲҶƽҶƽҲϴΪΰǿ飬ҶƽѶҲǰҶƽ˶ͷҪȥҶƽ˵£ǲǹҶƽ
αһ̾һ֮ҳƽ޷Ϊƽڵˣڵ֮˵ֱȫȫΪгȻҲϵǱܹܲܵĻίҲֻȥˡ
αֻ뿪ƽȫסСɳµһ飬øæѶӸ̳
ȫαĻһ£αţĶӳ£ҪǲܵĻα϶ˣͻӰ쵽֮Ĺϵˡ
ܲܰæȫҶƽҲÿ˵⻰ȴǿԡ
αϴΰǿ¾ҵ˵˲㰡ԺǼ쳤˵㡣
ȫ˼һµṩһɣǻɡ
ȫ˵мֵαֻͬҲȫȥңԼȥңȻҲԣܲȫ˵з
ȫȴпǣûαԼΪãʵڲٳ棬һЩ
αֻô绰˵Էһӵαĵ绰͹ˣ֪αΪʲôҪ
Ȼ˷ϣαͰСɵ˵һ飬Ц˵СҪлߣлʮǮΪţҪųҶƽͬС
һα˵죬æСɳлͰˣ
һȴǰֵڲ֪Ҷƽʲô˼˵лߵǲ׷ģСǣ˵飬һͲðˣҿ㻹˸ҶƽʩѹСһʱˡ
αһ̾˵죬˵Ҷƽʲô˰ΪʲôңһץΰǿְСɸץˣҸ֮ʲô𣿡


602 ȫ˵
αĻ΢΢һЦⲻʲô⣬Ҷƽһʱ䣬֪ҶƽƢˣһźҼû缫ǿӲαȻ֮ǰûʲô𣬵Ϊΰǿһ£ҶƽѾ˿
ξֳֻܰ㵽ˣСɳûҶƽǲܵģ㻹ȥгǰɡֻα˵
α˵ܲܰ˵仰ܣһúл
֪֮Ĺϵα⣬һ˵飬˵ϴԺҶƽҲУֻиǺʷгܹܵˣûܡ
֪ѶȺܴαҪĻͨϴѾҶƽ϶ʱôȥҶƽ˵飿
һαоûϷˣСһʱˣȫҸΰʷ˶Ҫ쵼ΪԼĶӶҶƽʩѹ
ȥԺαһȫȫһһ룬Գһ£תԼûҶƽҶƽʱרԹΪһСɵ£ѵҶƽһҲ
ǰ죬ȫһ£αһҪԳ¶֮飬ȥҶƽ
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ϣȫ绰Ҷƽ˵ҪԷһ𣬽ӵ绰Ҷƽ̲Լ͵Ŀģ͵ʱαģȫִ绰϶αйأСڱѺȫͺпĿġ
ȫʲôˣҶƽҲѾţȫйںһʵɸɲֹŹŹȨƼΪȣʵɸɲȻУΪɲϣǵطûμĴڣɲʩеطμͻж෽⣬μ岻أѹգ帯ܵ
ˣҶƽǾԶ֮Ȼ鵽ʲô⣬һǸȫ绰ҪĿͣȥǲȥ
Ҷƽ˲˾ӦȫҪֻȫһ£֪һЩӶСɵİ
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Ҷƽ磬֮󣬾ͷαھƵӭȻϵαйأǼαЩȡ
ҶƽαǱЦݣһӣҶƽ֣Ȼһгأα߽ڲķ
ȫһ򿪷ţվЦкҶ죬
ȫкҶƽȥҶƽȻȥǸͱʾԱ߾ͿԣȫǸгλһ㣬Ǹλ϶ȫġ
һԷ˻йֵİ칫κȫ飬ҲôˣھԵСΧαıַǳ飬Ҷƽ̬ȻҪ֮
ȫҲǴҶƽ˵Ҷƽ˺󣬼칤õ˳㷢չܴЩ֮ʣҶƽȻǲܣҲ֪ⲻȫֺõַѡ
ȫαûἰСɵ飬ϵյȻǺŨҶƽ֮Ҳûʲô϶źžơ
ȵεʱαʹһɫ˳ȥһҲ˳ȥֻʣҶƽȫˡ
ȫ˵Ҷ죬پһƣԺʲôա
Ҷƽ˵г⻰˵ǣܹյг㣡
ȫһЦôܹյǼԺǴȨգ˭ҵǰ
Ҷƽһ˵ɫг⻰ˣǼԺһɲţϸ£ֻҪҲܲǣﲻǣһȻ˴˷ɣǾֻܲˡ
ҶƽɫӣȫоҶƽһԶԸĽǶСɵµҪҪ˵أ
ȫԥţ˵;ûˣα˶ʱȥˣҶƽ˵˵ٲ˵һǻͲ˵ˡ
Ҷ˵ǣ˵أҲһͬʣѷһӴɣȫЦЦ˵
ҶƽȻֻҪõģҪһЩģﲻãܾҪһ㣬̹״ӿܴ
ȫǹһЦ˵ʲô̹״ӿεܴϣؼҹ꣬ǲģ
Ҷƽû뵽˵ôһֺܻ˵ⲻһЩ˱ų˳ѣе˷˿ܲ˵϶ҪеһЩȷʵҲһЩʲôҲ˵ȷʵؼҹˣǲΪ֤ݲͷŶѣǼеļ
ҶƽЦŽһ£ȫЦҪֻҪˣҪ˼ҸĹµĻᣬһҶһ¡
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ȫƺһܵ˹裬˵αĶСлߣ˵лߵһ㶼ﴦҶܸܲ참ԱкСɸȡ
ȻϣҶƽȷȫԼĿΪСɵ£ȫαĹϵΪУȻͷΪαĶ˵顣
뵽Ҷƽ΢΢һЦгһ治˵ֻǽлߵĻӦܳģлߵй˵֣лߵ˴ҲΣ˭ҲǮ˵ǲǣһȥԺ˽һٸ𸴿ɲԣ
Ҷƽί˵ȫһоţ˵ҶƽܴӦҪ󣬱æлҶ죬汣ллˣȻᱣྴ㼸ơ
ҶƽȴһڣȻһϵı˵гˣûе㼱£гˣһвУ
֪Ҷƽʲô£ȫǿҶ죬ϻʲô£
ҶƽǹǼԺȫ̲룬гԷҲ˼ٵģʱ䵽ˣҵûȥˣרг㣡
ҶƽæµӣȫҶƽ治֪Сɵ飬ǹΪҪأϳԷʱ䶼ûˡ
ȫֻͣʱαǼ߽ˣҶƽ£Ҷƽǰڰ֣ʾתˡ


603 ί
ҶƽͳţαȫҶƽǷӦҪˣȫһµо࣬ȵȿɡ
ֻˣαﻹûеףҶƽȥ֮һ飬ȹȫظ͸Сɲ漰лߣܸݺˣֻл߻˵ڻ漰ܸݺˣǾûа취ˡ
飬ҶƽоðѾõϣǿϺйϵΰҲϣ鲻ǿʲôϵȻԣ϶ǿ֮йϵ鲻ȫոΰĵ˼ȥеϲˡ
ǸΰϾ֧ˣȥΰ˼ȥ£еʷ϶ڸΰٶʲôìܣ쳤Ǿٲάˡ
һ룬ҶƽûҪ˹һ£ͬ飬֪˹ìˣôԼ
Ҷƽʱί֯ͻȻ֪ͨίμӻ飬ҪҶƽһ룬֪пί쵼䶯飬鴫úܳʱˣҲӦиˮʯˡ
ҶƽίԺԺͣ˸ֳҶƽʱ򣬺ܶѾȥ˻ңԺ͵Լλ
ԱǷԺԺ˼һ£Ż鿪ʼȻ˲ʮӣ쵼ϯ̨ҶƽһȥǰľȻϴμǸһĹƾʡί֯쵼ʷں档
ߵϯ̨֮󣬱ȫʷ֣ʡί֯طɲһλʡίΪίίԱίǡ
һίǣĸɲ˽ǿΰ֮ʷ϶ҪίǣôͻȻһǣԭǸʲô
ܶ˶Ϥȵʡί֯ĸ֮Ҳ֪ԭʡ칫ĸΣ϶ܵʡ쵼ʶģһʡ칫ֱӵίǣҲ˸еˣгǵίȻƸʹˡ
Ҷôһ뷨ҶƽȻûôԾҲǾðֱӳίǣЩˣҶܰѵҶȫ֧
ʡί֯껰֮󣬰˽ȥЩֱһֵίǣԼеЩԾϾ֮ǰٳûбΣʷһֱǰ棬û뵽һߵʷǰ棬;ǻƱãְ֮ǰ뵽ᳬԽʷһԾΪһؼеίǣ
ʱĵȻǼģҲ֪ԼΪʲôܵλûҶ֧֣ͷҲûã;ϻ죬Ҫ˷ְ˲㣬ôҲûã
ѹѹȺеԼЩĸɲ˾͸еЩֵֹģҲ̫ţĸɲǸоίסʷг£
ʷƽȴǳ˷ߺޣһֱڰǰͷϴλȥҰʡί쵼£ʱ̾˵˭̨ʡίǣûйϵȥԱӣû뵽ھȻﵣίǣλӣ
ôϸʷеص̫ˣûк˵ʵΰ嶤£Լίǵȴʼն
ʡžžȻ֧ģҶΪҶΪίĹУиɲΣΰʡ˴һרίԱĸζûеϡ
ԭž֪϶ΪҶȥӲ죬зǹ飬ҶеĹԱƫΪеĹԱΣȻǲΡ
ǹķȷʵв˲õӰ죬žԴҲûл˵ʷѣؼʱ£Ҳû취
žû뵽Ҷðֱӵеίǣʡί֯ʱǴһһĸΣһӵ浣ίǣ黹ûɣ
ڰҲ˽һЩģΪЩأȻֱǷɿסţЩ֮ûһΪĹϵһΪԭΪУ˵һֻ֣һЩʡ档
ǰǲаҪ浣θְͨĸְҲУûдӦڿɺãҶһ̨Ҫίǣʲô£ҶԭйʲôӴϵܣ
žʡίί˶԰ɣΪʺϵίίǣҶԴ˽ͣΪлĹ飬˼·зʡ꣬ȥίǣȫʺϵġ
žֻ԰棬ʲô˺ص˵ڣһжϣ͹۵жҲУֻ֮ǰģ˭֪ίԺô˵ְʱҲǺܺҶ֧֣žҲͬ˶԰ڵϵؼеίˡ
ڰ껰֮ʷܽᷢԣȻҲʡί˶֪ʷǲģһ֮Ĺϵ±ȸΰڵʱӸӡ
ɲԺҶƽͻص˼Ժ˼Ժ֮͸Ҷȥһ绰Ѱίǵ˵ˣҶһǺǴЦƽҴĻ˰֪֪Ĺͣ
ҶƽЦӦ֪ɣûи
ҶεҲûиҪҸһ£һ£
ҶƽæˣҲϣչңչҶĿĵģ֪˼ҲҪգдʡǣһհ
ҶһЦǣһίҲܹʲô
˵˵ЦЦһ˵绰Ҷƽµ绰֮󣬱Ű֮ôʷ˺üгûܵίǣ϶ܲ⣬رȽʱˣ֪ôԸ
飬Ҳ飬Ͼһεһ֣ͷЩţǵõһ־Ҫѧøɲ˵óΨøɲһǷǳѣûԼˣɲȥãԸɲϤ˽ʵ뷨ɲȥã
Щ⣬ɲɢԺ󣬰Լİ칫ڣʼԺʩ룬ԼٵѺѹ
⼸һֱһ˵ӰǾʷδʷĹϵǰٵһ⡣


604 ǫѷ
ҶƽͻȻӵĵ绰˵ҪԷҶƽһһոԼʲô˵ίǣʹҲӦ쳤밡
˵ҲǰĴ֮ûԼİףǰ죬ôҲûʷùϵ֪ʷرȽխʹֵ͵ʷȨҲСԼеȨҲãίǾǿˣίǻʲô壿
ίǵĿľҪʵԼĺͼһ뷨ˣνĹţ֪ԼλӾѾǲˣҲȥˣҲǨҲȥֺ˾άԼڵĵλھãʵԼ롣
ҪʵԼ룬ͱ˵˵㣬Լߣ˵㣬вȥԼߣǻôʵԼ룿
ĥ˰죬õһҪȨֻаȨ֣ʩչԼıҪȨԼ£УȻҶȥʷɫ£ʲôȨ
һ룬һ˼·֮ǰͻҶƽһʡǳԹߣ϶ҪȰҶƽͻ
֪ΰһˣѻԺΰϵȽе˾ҲˡһǺܹؼһУһк塣
Ҷƽ룬Ҷƽôᣬܵϼ쳤˵⣬һ˺ܸɣб£Ŀ죬һбһ뷨ҼԺǿţҲȨ
Ҫ뷨ѼίίҪȨҪ֯һ֪һΰĹϵͨһҲ
һ㣬ȴ绰죬ȻûҶƽһԶٷһ¸顣
Ҷƽӵĵ绰֮󣬱ԼһȽƧĵطǻҵһطҶƽ֮󣬾ͿѾˣһҲˡ
һҶƽЦǣϲˡ
һסҶƽ֣ЦҶ쳤ְ֧
ҶƽǺһЦͰһ˽ȥ̬ҶƽеĲΰʷϹţ̧úܴǰֳһίҪ쵼ӣȻΰΪԭˣǲıΰϹŵʡ
ЩҲڼӣʲô˵ʲôܺദĺܣкŰҶƽ
֮󣬰㿪żɽصгҶ쳤ϴһʡǳԷôҲû뵽ᵽﵣίǣʡί̸֯ʱһڣǸоϻ̳Ͽֵģ֯ϾˣֻܷӣߣλһҪңȻίǣǻгϴ磬Ҷ쳤СһˮƽܸߵˣλʲôͽһҪᣬͬеĹãǿô
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˻һ˵֮󣬱æЦǣ˵ɷˣʲô¾ܷԸǱָ֤ӣã˲ίָӣһԸǡ
ģҶƽ΢ЦĻǻѻ˵ˣҲٶ˵ʲôˡ
һҶƽ΢Ц͸еҶƽȻᣬǶҶƽӲȤ
ҶƽȥЦҶ쳤ʲôõͽҲ
Լ̵ӣҶƽЦǣСһЩֱӽְɣԵУڹϵ飬ʱûʲôеĻһ㱨
Ҷƽ˵ⷬȴҶƽĻ֮ˣҶƽƺ֣˵ԵУԼ֮ĹϵͽǶǴҪˣ˵Ҷƽվһߵġ
ãҾͽƽɣڻгҾͽϻɣгͬⲻͬ⣿쿴ȥ
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ҶƽͰЦ
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극Ҷƽȥˣص̲ݾֵƽѩۿƽѩĶԽԽҶƽ˼ˣǵûչؾȥ˾˺չˡ
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мҶƽҶƽ˵˹ץˣһҶƽĸҲӦ̴Ӧȥһ˵ͣòǿ顣
ֱȥǿǿû뵽ʱæԼ鵽׻ôܲܰæһЩ
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605 
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ҶƽǱҲҪԸһ£˵ԭԻǺǿģǼԺҪίϺòУֻǼصѴﵽܵĿġ
ͷǱŷӸ治ϲվѡӣԺ飬ȴû飬һѹǻȥˡ
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ԵԺίԺİ칫Ҫߵʱ򣬺ʵ˵ǼԺƾʲôץң
Ժ˰еĴ֤һó˵㿴ˣʵд˽һЩ飬ߣ
ίɲǼԺûʸңʲô飬Һˣ
һǰʸ񣬲ԸߣίԺǻø̫ĶҪҶƽ㱨ʱҶƽȴˣȥҪȥ
һҶƽ߽æ˵Ҷã˵˵ΪʲôҪң
˿ҶƽΣ£ϣǼصĵ飬ҪΪѡ
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ӣҶƽֱΣʱ㻹Լʲô𣿷Ҫǲȡǿƴʩ
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ŰѹҶƽҶƽЦһҽ㣬㻹ʲô׵ģûаǵһԹ㣿ǲҪðԹſߣ
ҶƽٶֱӺ֣һҶƽȻ濴˿ֻҲû˹һЩˣתͷ˿⣬ͻȻ򴰻ǰȥ참ԱûзӦҶƽѾ쵽Ҫ¥ǰץס
참ԱһҲæ˹ȥסҶƽֱӷԸϴߣ
참ԱٿֱӸһˣоˣίԺղͬߵĻһʱ֪ʲôڵãҶܿˡ
ڰ참ԱĴӵ뿪ίԺҶƽȥ˰İ칫һˣѺߵ˵һ顣
֮˵ٿίὫְʲôҪģ˵
ҶƽʱûʲôҪ󣬵ǵ㱨
˵ͷҶƽ¹ӣһʱٵģеĹҲҪˣȻҪʷܿˣ
㱨֮Ҷƽת¥лмûİӣоýˡ


606 鲻
شߵܿʹйٳϾݲһ㣬ΪίΣίһߣίξͱ飬Ķ̫ˡ
ʷһ֪Ϣ浹ǴһΪ֮ǰ˹Ҫٹ͸ΰֹˣȻΰѴ½Ҷƽ֪ҶƽΰϵУȻȥ鴦ΪʲôԺͻȻѺˣ
ĳֲܲЩɣʮΣոУѵѺץģ
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Ҷƽ֪ⲻж󣬶ԭʱ˰ӲҰ죬ȫˣµˣȥȻ첻˰ӣһ㵣ûУ˭Ƶò㣿
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ɨȫһۣʷ˵飬Ҳܹˣҿ϶Ҳûа취üֵǻǻ֣ȡǵ˼·ѹɺá
ʷû˳ȫĻʾαͬ飬˭Ϊܷ˵һгͳ˸ܷӵıɡҪȹĻ̣ȫԻǱʾҪǵ˼·ѹá
ȫʷҲʷȥαʱѾˣĿʷһڵƣӦ֮ߣʷȻ֪˼˵֮ⷬ˾ͼһΪ˽ҽҩҵ԰
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ģǰҲǲץþùܵĹһץģҶƽƶ²ſչģץùһûһӦֵˣҪҪ˳ص¹ϵȻ̨ܳԼķչ·ӡ
һʱ䣬ʷһɳ֮ˣҶƽαץ֮ʷ飬оҽҩҵ԰⣬ڻȷ̬һҪһʱҽҩҵ԰ȫȫеҽҩҵǨҵ԰ȥԼأγɹģЧӦ
˼·ǳĲĸгǶʾͬ⣬Ҷͬ⣬ʷͱʾҪ϶ȡ깤
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һվڰһߵӣʷƳһ˵˭˵Ҳϱίģżʲô
û뵽ʷһ٣û˵ˣɢԺæȥҰһ£һʷҪҽҩҵ԰Ҳһ飬ûʶ
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607 һŮ
һѣʷ֮Ҫҽҩҵ԰Ŀģһ룬鲻ʷʲôԿΰͬΰϹţΪҵңҵҲƽν
ڻ֮󣬰绰ʷʼҽҩҵ԰飬ұʾ֧ĿʷһԽһת˵ϰҽҩҵ԰Ľеľ÷չаֻǲǨһ±Ƚ鷳ⷽ黹ѷġ
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ҶƽαһĿֳֶָһЩ£ֳָĹȫ֤иΪҪһĵ飬ȷ֤ݡ
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ȫ֮ǰʵĹϵҲһ㣬һ˵üͷΪʲôעһС飬ѵҲ˸кðذŸк
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ȫһû˻˵ίȷʵʷܣ룬ʷҲûа취
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˰죬ҾһˣҾ飬﹫˾ȽϺãֻҪ﹫˾˵أȻƽĿˡ
֮Ѿ׼ˣĽ˾ȻҲͶ˱꣬͵ſʼˡ


609 
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Ϊ쳤ֱ飬ڲǹȥˣ˻ǱȽֲ֧鴦ְģλ쵼֪һ£һĹһ֮Ǳһ±ȽϺá
濴֮һ£ʵʩȻ󽫱תʱѾӵҶƽı棬֮ǵ룬ʷĺˣ鴦ʷʷȻҪ˺ƤˣǾݷҲǸġ
룬Ҷƽı棬תʾǸֱʾϲ飬ͬʱʾгһġ
ʷһĵĿʷ̬ʷͬ鴦ĻȻ˳ĵĻ֪˿϶ڹֻ֪Ҫ̬ˣͺðһЩ
ʷܿյҶƽϳʵı棬һͰ˵ʾеһôͻȻ֮ԺìͷָҶƽʲô
ݱ棬ʷϸһݣ˰죬һ绰飬֪ͨҶƽİ칫һ¡
ӵĵ绰̴绰ҶƽҶƽӵʷĵ绰֮󣬶һ߽ʷİ칫ңʷɫõؿ˿ݱǼԺдģ
Ҷƽǰһķݱ氡
ʷѱһˤ˵ķݱ棬Լдʲô滹֪˵ܻʮǮǿ֤ݣ
Ҷƽ֤ݷ⣬ֱӱʾ֤ݷǼԺգΪڵ֤ԿԲ鴦ˣ
Ҷƽ˶ʷϺܲˣ˵ǼԺר˵֤ݳˣǳˣôԺͬ־ô˵Ժͬ־˵֤ݲô죬ǿǹûУ
ʷһ˵ڹҶƽˣԺ˵ǻһ⣬ʷоõҶƽһ֮
ǼԺֻܸߣڷԺΪҪоǼԺܾġҶƽ͵
ʷ˵㿴˵ǰɣԺΪǼԺٺܴı
Ҷƽӽˣҳе
еǲֳŪˣ㻹ܽ˼ҵְָҪСģҪŭԹ֪ǼԺԲǸ¥ڸǲҪˣ㵽鷳ģʷװΪҶƽ˵
Ҷƽıݣɫ˵ǺͰѾǼԺҪ鴦ˣǼԺִ쵼ָʾ
㲻ҪðѹңʷһҶƽ˵͵һվһͰǽн棬ҽִ֮ν쵼ʾ
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Ҷƽն˵ⷬȻͷҲص뿪ʷİ칫ңʷֱ˵ȻеĿۣýһ˵ϣæȻ󿴵ã˸ϿҽԺ
˭Ҳû뵽ʷסҽԺ߽ҽԺʱʷͷҲ̧װصӣæôһ£ʾ֮Žᡣ
ʷǱȽתͷ˵Ҷƽõߣߣߣʡӣ
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ֲûңҶƽҲ˵ҪִָʾҪǲңҲһ˽ģȱд󣬵ǸܵҿУҶƽ˵УǾˣǶģȻǾ仰ߣߣΪ¥ûǮͺˣͲʷŷҶƽˮ
ʷںܲ侲ˣһʱҲٴ̼úϢ´ӳ飬ʷҪҶƽˣΪҶƽڻǴ쳤˴ͨѡ٣͵ɼ쳤Ҳֻ뿪ˡ
ȥԺһ飬͸оȽأһгһ쳤֮䷢ìܣ˵ίҪ֧һ˵Ӧ֧ҶƽΪҶƽȫ£ûκδ֮ϵ¿ɲģϽ¼֮ҶƽֻǼ쳤ʷгͬҶƽʷٵľ룬ҶƽʷΥˡ
԰˰죬ûҲˣʷ϶ǲģʷҪҶƽߣҲܾģҪϱʡίʡίҶƽȥ
Ҷƽڵ֪ʷԺҲǱȽʷķ˵رȽխʷȴǻΪ˹һɣ˵·ϣʷʱг˵ʲôӰ졣
˰ԺҶƽȥҰ˵ʷԭһ飬ģʷ߶ñȽҲûʲô𸴡
ҲʮΪѣҶƽ֪²ܿˣ뵽ʡȥһˣҶ㱨һ¡
ҶûϵҶƽ˻˴鷳ʷҶƽжҶƽҶоҶƽʮ㣬»Щˣֳײϼ쵼£Ȼ˵ҶƽǴȥȴǻץסѱ˵쵼
뵽Ҷ˵ƽνĲǿʷȻдҲҪעⷽʽûܵίǾѾеܴ죬һײȻĳˣ֪˶Ϊ㵼µģԵȽϱһҪעⷽ⣬պһ֪𣿡


610 
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˵⻰֮ҶűðˣʷΪûегҶƽֶסҽԺȫվҶƽһߵĻúܶ˵лΪ²ƫ̻¼ϼΪʡ쵼ȫֽǶȽпǣƽˡ
뵽ҶҶƽԺ󣬱ʡίӡİ칫һˣӡӰʡȻǽҶҶӡȥһУһ飬ˡ
ӡ񣬲ȻӲ칤УʡίеĴС쵼ɲȻʮӣ׼ʷһӡҪˣת⣬ӡ˵Ŀʲôأ
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˰죬ʷûһ÷һȲҪƽЩˣӡǰһΪҪȵӡ֮ȥƽҶƽҲ١
ʷԺһרŸһ绰Ժ£ԼӴӡӲ¡
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һվҶƽһ˵ʷ˵ҶƽǹҵģȫûагСɺܻӰ죬û˸ˡ
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Ҷƽ߽ӡķ䣬ֻӡһˣһҶƽǰһӡǡ
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ҶµľӡʵСҶڶʶģȻ참ûʷг㻹ҪΪԣʡԺί㱨ûбҪֱӶ˵ǲǣ
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ӡ͸ʷһܴѹ˵֮ǿʷ˵ʲôʷû뵽ӡղŵ̬仯Լʩѹ˵ʲôԵĵط¾ͲȫҶƽҶƽҲͲٵߣ˵ʲôԵĵطӡ϶л˵˵ĻܻأӦԣ


611 
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ʷѲ׵ĵط˵˺ܾǰȻǹӡ⣬ӡһоʷǰԸʲô֮в׵֮ȻҶƽʧ֮ţ¾ûа취⡣
ҶƽҪֳ涼ͬˣΪʲôҪҶƽ£ֱӲȥأӡֱҪ֮
ʷһ˵ҶǱȽ˽ģΪҶƽܶƫΪڲüԺΪˣһҪһ£֤Ժܹ˾
дʣӡЩˣ˵гֹ˾׹˾Ȼȥʣαضһ٣㲻һ٣Ҷƽ𣿳ҪԼԭǣԴͬ־Ҫؿ㣬˵ҶƽƲˣҶƽҪҪǲǣ
ӡĻЩˣʷɫһӱɷףӡô˵Ȼû£Ҫ֧ҶƽĽˣŸղԼĻӡˡ
ʷ뵽Լʡž֧֣ӡǲȥԼгģԱ㰺Ȼ˵ӡǣ˵⻰Ҷƽûгˡ
һʷûкͽ̬ȣӡ˵ȻȥɣȺʡί
һʷûлˣʷȻӡԼ̬ȣֲԸҶƽǰ䣬˵ϣγɽˡ
ӡһʷ˳ȥ߳ȥԺӡҶȥһ绰ȥʷгְٰгɡ
һҶйصӡͰһ˵ҶûʲôʾȻȲҪˣùӲɡ
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žһ̬ȣʷ͸еԼίҶƽˣȻ󻹲ܰҶƽôô˴ȥ
ž͸ҶƽǸͿˣĲҪƽˡ
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Ҷƽȷˣ̳û˲֪ģʷǰײʷʷ֮ɶҲûУҵǸҲ赭дûʷʡί쵼Ҳû֧ʷʷûίǣҶƽײһأνǴˡ
һҶƽԺȨҲǴԺĹԱȥҪΪϱԭûִ
Ľμ˹óصľ﹫˾ڱصãĽҲڱصãͳŮ֮ľ
ȫ˹˵Ȼûгͷ¶棬ڰң飬˹ʱͳʴһҪ﹫˾б꣬˹Ҫ󣬳ֻӦţʲôҲ֪
ίĹԱҲֳ˼ԺԤͬ־һ̣Ľƶ˱飬İΪеһ־Եرꡣ
繫˾ȻҲ˾꣬ǲһģĿ﹫˾б꣬ҹ˾Ͷ꾺꣬רоĸ˾бꡣ
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һ룬Щ֧֧ᣬרһһ̬ȣҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬼ί˿Ҳǿ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
һί˿ʱ˵Ҳɡ
һоͰճˣЩרȻҲѱǲԺ󣬾һһ
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רҶΪӦ˾б꣬һ;Ļ˹϶ñԹȻмίڣñʾһ£˹ί˵ĴڶߵӰ죬һҲʾĻ˹϶Ϊⲻ
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רǿʱ򣬷˵֮רſһۼίˣǿʲô
һ˵꣬һλרұ˵¾ֳǵ˾бĺãǳļ۸ߣұƶҲ﹫˾ȻԱĿĲ࣬һñ˾ãۺ˾бĺá
רҹԳʵóһӸеٷרҵǾɲˣ﹫˾б꣬Ǿǹ˽ˣʱίԱ߿أ


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ʸ˵Ա߼ίͬ־ѵ¾ֳǷҪȡרǵ
û뵽ίǰ˵ˣæʾҪרǵղֻҸ˵һС˭б꣬ר
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֧֣ܻҶƽļ仰;ͶҶƽʣȻԷϣʾȫûⷽ顣
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Ҷƽһʮָ˵ӣɺʩչŮԵԻҶƽɺȻһ㣬Ǳķǳãȫ¸һֳŮ˵ǻмɣҶƽܵԻ
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Ҷƽ˵ݵӣҲǽƾͼƵ˵ܣղǡ
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˵ϣɺҲֻǸеĺȾƣǸеһȲУҲֻúҶƽھϻ죬ֻҪԷһƣͲǶԷܿƵˣŷѾƺȥ
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Ҷƽ߲ܣװʲô֪ӣǸеһܸˣͷſҶƽȣҶƽһ˼һƿһ˺˰ƶѣֻǸеĿʼʣɺƺѾ֧ˡ
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ҶƽþƵķԱ˸ȻæĽȥһ绰¿ϴһ绰һڸô졣
¿һӵĽĵ绰ܳԾڵֱӴ绰ҶƽҶƽҪͷ
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ʱ򣬰ɺȴǶ˶ȵûǸеĶ࣬ͷԻһЩʶ㶯˶


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һɺڶҶƽæ֣ͣǷɺֻǷһӣȻ˾ͱһΣǰѩ׵һƬڵĵƹȻҫ۶ˣڲԭϱܵСá
ҶƽһҺԼʱûָоȴǲһֳ嶯һ뵽Ա߻һʱǿѾԭҰϷŷɵ˻
ĵֽǸ˵΢˳ղѾһЩ·һЩ͵ĵĶӰģ̫塣
ǵ˼֮ȴǷһû뵽ĶƬĵ÷ǳƺǽĵģƬȻֻһԿԿ˭ΪһϤӰ
ҶƽϸһᣬȷȫȫһŮˣһģȫѾЩ͹ԴҲؿŮˣƺûʶ͵
ҶƽܳԾȫΪʲô˵Һȫʲôطʲôص㱻͵⼸ƬƬҲŮһľͷ
ƬʱţҶƽæһһİӰǰǣ
ǳ¾ֳġС˵
ҶƽһæǸ˿ȥһڽϴɨͨͷֻ۾ͬһķˣ˸ʲô鱨Աϵ
Ҷƽҵϵæ﷭Ȼʻʲô֣Ҷƽ˵⻹һ΢͵ǹûзʲô
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һиҽǴһµΣˡͷطһ˵壬ɺǽļûκεķӦ˰죬ûзмֵĶ󣬱Ҷƽ˵
Ҷƽæ˵ͷȻ˵ǷҪȥ
ͷ˿˵ҾˣԼɡ
ҶƽһЩٵڿɺһһŮһǸʲô飬ȥҪʲôΣգ
ʱûüϸ룬ͷõ֮󣬱ѸȥƺĹ
ͷȥҶƽæƵһ绰һҽɺһ¾ơ
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㽭ȴ޷Ҳû㹻֤ݽֻиȥ˱Ȼٻڲҳٽ
ֻǴгΣգҶƽȨҪҪ£ԼҪҪٸĽ绰һ顣
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˰СʱɺǸ˹ƺȵ̫ˣ˵ľȴһ㣬ǸһѹܾؿҶƽһۣʶһԼĶֶڣŷһЩ
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Ҷƽæ˵ƺȵ̫ˣҽǴһ룬ںö˰ɣ
ҶƽĻ֮ҽ˵Ǻȵ̫ˣûǣôܺôľơ
ǸӺܾؿҽҽ˵껰֮󣬾ҩ˵ǻҪҽԺȥһˮȰεҽҩѸ˰ɣ
ҶƽæǮ˹ȥɺȴվ֧ȴվˣҽǮ֮ˡ
ҽ֮ǸܻɸղŷʲôҶƽû뵽ȴԼˣղŷʲô˿֪ڵ׸ô죬ǲҪҶƽס
ʶǹǸӿ˰ɺһۣɺȻҲˣҶƽһõˣ⽫㽭죬ĿΪ˴鱨˶ĿҶƽ˶ĿĹߣԼǸ͵ļҶƽһգû뵽Ҷƽǰļƻ
ҶƽҲǻɵ״̬뵽һԴǶ˵ضҶƽȡʲôֶΣǿ
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Ҷƽ΢ЦŵʲôܸˣǶ˼û뵽ȶˡ
νĶܵҶ쳤ǺˣһҲûС
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㽭Ļ飬Ͷʵ¾ͽˣҶ쳤ͷİɡɺҲ΢Цŵ
ҶƽʾлǸӱվʾҪ뿪ɺ˵ȥһɡ
Ҷƽȴ˵ջָȥͰɣ
ɺǸһ飬ҶƽȴҪͣҲеԼܲã룬ûټ֣ҶƽȥǸӡ
ǸȻ˾ƣǲûȫѾƣԴȥѣȴǲԼģҶƽȻȥ
ܣסĶҺðͻؼȥҶƽߺ߱˵
Ǹȴæֵˣ¥Լȥˡ
һǰ͵ҰɡҶƽ˵
ǸӻֲּҶƽͣҶƽûټ֣͵¥֮ǸתҶƽȥ
ҶƽʱͻȻҪ뷨֣ȥȻȵһԶʱͻȻ𲽸ȥ
¥֮󣬸ûһȥҶƽĵظں棬Ǹ˿û뵽Ҷƽ
תһ֮󣬽ִһӣҿҶƽŲ죬Ǹû뵽ҶƽҶƽȥ
һ֮ӻͷ˿ҶƽæסٵĹûҿϣױ֡
һӵľͷҶƽվĴ˿Ȼһ䷿ȥҶƽ߽һһҽݣҺ˿ҽݡ
˵ԼһˣȴҽݣѵҪҶƽ֣Ҳûȥ֤ʵ£ҲûĽͷˣһȥ֤飬룬ֻת뿪ط
һ뿪ȴ뵽ӽȥ֮᲻ĻǲǻҪҶƽһ룬ͣס˽Ų


621 
ҶƽͣסŲ׼һῴǸӻ᲻ͬʱҲ۲ݵһʲôֻҽݴϿԾһ˿ҽݣһʽ¥оĽò࣬ţĵƹ򰵣Եüͻֲͻ
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۲˰죬ҶƽǸȻûгеǲǼѣ֮ǰҲصĵսƬǼǿӦ١
ʱǸͻȻǰˣҶƽ״͸ȥǸӿǰţ䣬һͬͻȻתͷҶƽ⧲ڼԶĵطվš
ңǸӶݺݵ˵ĿҶƽ˫ֲ˶һֽŵϢ
ҶƽվһҲûжǸһ˹ȻҶƽ˵㻰أΪʲôҪң
Ҷƽع۲ţͻȻ΢΢һЦǲĿ̣
һҶƽ˵ˣǸЦڿأ
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ŶԼϵıҶƽƺ𵱳ѧУѧƽѩĳǸʱȻǹҲŵȶһߡ
ô˰ɣ˵ɣ㵽ʲôˣΪʲôҪңǸӼݺݵ˵
վԼǰʮ׺ݵӣҶƽŬԼס˵ܲǸ˵ڵصļ쳤ΪǷǷǹΪǹÿ
ÿǹЦﲻڵأʲô쳤Ҳûãһ쳤ǲǼٵģʵظһȥҿһС˵
ȥҶƽʵ
ȥȥĵط㲻Ҫʡ˵
ܲܽǹÿû·ҶƽͼӰǹŲ
ϻתȥǰߡ
ҶƽǹԼŵĵطŲƺз֮⣬вһͻȻץסӵĸ첲һȻⲿǰһӸûϵΪ쵼ɲҶƽȷ˸ǹֻҶƽĹ£һ΢ǹ
ǹȻҲǳԴ׵ģ׼ַҶƽܸĻᣬȭ沿ֱԼҶƽǿ󹥻£һСıڵأҶƽһ˹ȥϡ
оҶƽǳǿӱҶƽڽŵ֮ͲٶˣֻǿҶƽһԲ
ң㵽ǲǿ̣Ҷƽӵ֮󣬹׷ʵ
оҶƽûʶһ鱨ԱӼæ㽭Ŀ̣ſң
ҶƽЦղôû˵ǣ㲻ǹָ𣿶һôɵǹ˵ǹǴģ
æ͵ǹҷõģǴģϲȥ˵ڵǲǹģ
˵㽭Ҳ˳ǹɣôǹҶƽʵ
תһ˵㽭ȻǹǮ˰ǮǺðģ˵ǲǣ
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ӿҶƽţŴ˵ĶʵȥΪۣϿſң
ۣղھƵʱôû˵ۣҶƽʵ
˵ҵʱۣǳ֮ˣһƭʲô
ĵӣҶƽȻ˵ΪȥݣڸҲҸһȥǸҽһʣ
һҶƽʣǸԸ˵صԣԣǿȥ
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ҶƽӦԼѽ̧һҶƽѽ̧ӾͼæվҶƽǽǰǹС
߰ɣҶƽǹָ˵
ֻǰţҶƽصǼҽݣﰵԵ⣬ΪҶƽ֪ݵ׼֮ʰҶƽҶƽ˽һݵʲôԵõһЩ벻Ϣ
˺ܿղŵǼݣѾȣӵ˸ǰÿţһ˴ţ˫ĿؿӺҶƽ
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˵ӢҶƽ󶮣һ˵󣬱Ҷƽ˽
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ʱ˵ǻҶƽɨһۣо˷ǳǿ׳ұԼߴĶ࣬һ۱˵𣿡
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Ҷƽ²֮ʣͻȻʹһɫ˱װ߹Ӳػ˵λѣǲҲģ
˵ţ˫־Ҷƽ§˵ĸӺܸߴһ§ܰҶƽ˸§סҶƽһоãһˣ˸ա
һҶƽҲκεΣҶƽҶƽǹʱڿڴһ˴˹㼱æ㿪ҲһҶƽ֡
ʱҶƽӵĹϵһģ˴һˣ̴񣬽л
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˵ȭǳҶƽ״ţڲ֮󣬿׼һʱͻȻ֣˵ؿڴȥ
˲ƣû뵽Ҷƽڿ϶֮нзʶؽлطҶƽ֮죬˸޷赲ֻصһ˵ؿڣ


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˵֮󣬻վ˼ȴǸվסҶƽǰˣ˵㣬ǻ˻Զˣ
˿ҶƽСָͷ˵ϣһɵˣ׼طҶƽȴһ嵽ǰ˵ôߣ
һֻվҶƽһʱ֮佩ǲ֪ʲôˣ˿Ҷƽע⣬ͻȻְԱһʲôҶƽûв׼Ӻ˶Ȼ绰Ľһʳ¿ϣڸô졣
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ֻεĴһеǹҶƽһæ㣬֮ӵ˹
ݵķ䲻ֻݵĴСҶƽܹԷһ󣬼æͳǹлҿԭ䲿İгϴУǹ˽һЩǹ֮˳־һǹڶԷֻܼӴһԷһǹء
һҶƽǹǼ˼æҲҶƽ״׼뿪طϾԷ˶࣬һǹپȥ϶Σա
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ҶƽһʱҲʲôΣգǹ׷ȥǸ˱ܱ߿ǹҶƽ׼һ±㳯ϴȥƫоʹ˵ĺϣȻͨһ㵹ˡ
Ҷƽͳ˹ȥַһţ˽ȥһͷźܶĶûмǹ֧
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ţҶƽǸͷǣص˴Ƶ꣬һɺǲǻڣ֪﷢飬ܲܣ
һ룬Ҷƽ첽ߵɺķ䣬˷Ժ󣬾ͷְɺȻ֮ʵҶ쳤ôôʱŻ
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ҶƽЩ˼⣬԰ɺ˵ܣղһӵڵĵ绰ʡмң̻ȥȥǱˣ㿴Լһ˻ȥɣ
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ҶƽĻɺ˿ȻЩɣҲҲסҶƽɣ˵Ҿһ˻رɣһش½ʱϵǸͶʵ°ҵϡ
˰ɺĻҶƽЦǸνĶѾͷˣǲٳˣɺƺ֪һУҲǰɺΪʲôûлԭ
Ͱɺ˵껰ҶƽصԼϢɺԼɫɫҶƽģǲ֪ôģڵ鲻ãΪҶƽͻȻҪعԭɡ


623 ټ
˵ڶ죬Ҷƽ̻عɺֱӷ˱֮󣬱㽫ܲ˻㱨ͬʱ㽭ǸνĶܽͷ˵ˡ
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Ҷƽһʱܾϣ˵Ҫһ£ϾҲŵϼ쳤һ꣬Ҽ˹սߣǱߵĹûˡ
ǵԿһ£һ˲ţǷǳϣܼǡ
ĻҶƽ϶޷ϣʾҪǣǲӦȥǡ
Ҷƽ뿪˰ȫܲԺ󣬲ûлصˣȥƽԶƽѩʱھǴûˣȥƽԶ¡
ƽԶڶҶƽû̫ĹעΪҶĴڣҲȥעʲôҶƽƽԶļУǼƽѩᯣϲżƽԶ
һҪҶƽȥ飬᯺ƽѩ˵ԣսʮֵΣգôҶƽȥ
ƽԶ⻰ȴûг￼ţҶƽһʱܶᣬһᣬƽԶſСҶʲô뷨
ҶƽʱҲìţսȻΣգȴһּĸоܾԼʱΪҷȥĻҲԸȥҲҪǵķչ;ԼƽѩǺìš
ְ֣һ֯ģ֯ϾҸʲôҾ͸ʲô˰죬ҶƽشƽԶ


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ҶƽĻƽԶ࿴Ҷƽۣһˣ࿼ǣͻǳΣյĹҶƽȴ˵Ҫ֯ţȻûоܾ
Ҷƽ֮ǰ飬ƽԶҲǷǳȣû뵽ܹҰȫԱָȥ£Ҷƽ˵ʵ̫ΣˣȻҶƽȴͦһ˴һ޷ġ
ƺ֪Ҷƽ֮ĹϵҲ֪Ҷ֮Ĺϵ֪ĻŲ뵽ȥҶƽ
ҶƽΪһͨĹԱ𲽵ؽȥȻҲûʲô⣬Ҷƽⷬ鱨ľɻҶƽۺϵҲͬ˾ĹлǳŨصһʡ
ҪºܴľĲŻҶƽȥȽΣյְҵҲƽѩҶ᯷ǳĵطȻҶ֮ǰҶƽЩ𣬵ѾΪԼŮҿҶƽô㣬ҪǳϧҶƽˡ
ƽƽȥ㰲ȫƽܴӦڵ쳤ͺܲٶһ٣Ǹطʲôƽϴ绰ؾ顣ҶͬʱƽԶҶƽ˵
ƽԶ˿ҶƽƽҰȫǳҪӢۣǾӢۣ벻뵱Ӣۣ
ƽԶĻҶƽ˶뵱ӢۣԸ⵱ӢۣôǵĹҺһĹҺ壬Զǿ֯ҪҵӢۣҲκԥ
ҶƽĻһƽѩҶ˾ǵɴ˫ۣ˵ƽ
Ҷƽǵ˶ӢᣬĻģرҵϵʱӢ۵ӵŨҸоԼûܾݹ
ҶƽĻƽԶ˵ͷƽʶĺο֮ԴλϣһжΪ˵͹ҵ棬Ϊ棬ֻҪ֯ҪǸʲôҪȫԸȥ֧㣡
ƽԶϵĻҶƽ˾ģҶһſڽû˵ƽѩȴ߹ҶƽƽҺͶĺӰҪȥֹһ涼ˣ
Ҷƽ˿˵ģһᰴʱģ˵Ҳһֱǰɣ֣
ƽԶӦһ˵֯ϵҪκ˵Ĺ᲻ϱ仯ģѩͲҪƽΪˣƽȥһԣΪ¸Ĺͣ
ƽԶ˵ƽѩûټּˣֻʮϧؿҶƽڴܾ
Ҷƽ¿ȥһ绰Ȼ¿ϱǣ˵ܸˣҶƽԸǾһж飬Ҫ֪ҶƽҪΣҲβҶƽȥ
Ҷƽڴ绰֮󣬱ھǴ죬Ҷܷܷһ棬ڳؿϲˣһҶܷܷǸ˵§ĸ첲ʲôʱ򵽵ľǣôϵ
ҶܷܷõӣҶƽִͷԽԣһҳʽ˵ܷܷڵλҪúŬҪðڼﵣġ
ҶƽʮӣҶܷܷС磬⻰Ҫ˵ٱ鰡ÿμ㣬ô˵㲻÷ҽ㵱ʱû˵㣡
һҶܷܷ˵ҶƽıһԼЩ߶ˣǲ˵ؾͻ˵ĿûǸûĺӣȻʵڶѧҵμӹˣԼ˼ʶˣǰԴҪƽȽṩһЩϵľС
Ǻǣ˵㷳ˣԺͲ˵ˣôڹûʲôѰɣҶƽЦһʷѲִʽʻ
Ҷܷܷûʲôѵģ㲻Ҫ̸˵ɩôǲǿҪˣ
һҶܷܷʵˣҶƽЦˣ˵ˣôˣһżˣ
ҶܷܷЦʲôֻűһҵСֶӣ˵߰һҶƽ
ҶƽЦ͵ŰɣˣڵλûҶ֮ǰһҪһҺøһ¹أ
Ҷܷܷ˵İɣֻҪУһѹأԲסҵĹģ
Ҷܷܷųǻ˵ӣҶƽҡҡͷԼڱԽԽƤˣ
һ˵ʱҶͻȻ˵绰֪˾ǣרŴ绰˵˵졣
ҶҶƽͺ˵һ£ҶܷܷҲʶҶΣô˵ҲһӵˣһҶңҶܷܷ˵صߣǵĿȥ
Ҷƽһ壬˵ΪʲôҪ룬벻𣿡
ҶܷܷЦǹԱô㹤ʣôͣҶǡ
ҶܷܷĻҶƽЩ̾ȻΪ쳤һµнˮ治ھһٿ͵ģȻùͣǾͱζˡ
߰ɡҶƽҶܷܷһȥҶָǼҾƵꡣ
֮Ҷƽȥһͷ֪ҲˣȻȻֻϴҪԷϪھȻ֪Ҷ˸һ
һҶƽڼҶƽ˭ˣɫװʲôҲûӣߵҶƽǰҶٰǲʶ
ҶԺæʵôʶˣ
ЦûʲôһСѣҶٱ´ĺܣǶ÷˼Ҷ٣
֪Ц˵⻰ƽֺãڹٵҲǸĸɲˣǴҶҪѧϰ
ѧϰʲôܵ˹ٳЩԼʵʵ˰ɡҶδЦŶ֪˵
֪ҡҡͷ˵ЦʱϪͻȻˣһҶƽıѰζȻʮֵᣬҶƽȴʮֵĸӣΪ֪Ҷƽƽѩһˡ
ҶܷܷһֱվҶƽҶܷܷĿͱ˹ȥҶܷܷо˺ףȥһһλŮʿ֮ǰûмҶƽͼæܷϪ˱ߵһ
ƽʲôʱǴҾͿһˡ֪ЦŶҶƽ˵
Ҷƽһ˵ҪھǣǻһƽʱĹҲˣҿûھǹôڹٳȥ
һ룬ҶƽЦҵ밡֯ϲôţûа취
ʲô֪֯æ͵𣿡ͻȻضҶƽ˵
û뵽û²ôһӣҶƽɨһۣû˵֪ȴ˵ϵܣôı£Ҫæƽһ£


625 һİ
֪ĻڨڨЦȴ¶һ֮ɫҶƽҲתͷҶ˵ˡ
һԳԺȺȣҶƽһҶε죬һԼ飬Ȼ˾ӦǵҪ󣬵ǽĹʲôôȴһ֪Լʤβô죿
ôһ룬ҶƽЩҶһ¼˵ƽô˰Ǹһ
ҶεӣҶƽ΢ЦƱ˵һɣѱоƺ˽ȥȻЦЦҶΡ
֪ôģҶƽȻķУҶƽȻķУΪ˾͸һֲĸоھȻһ𣬲ܲʮֵ
ҶƽҶκȾƣȻҪȣҶƽԸȣһ뵽һָ߽ŵıȫ˵Ǻһ
ҶƽѾƵӣһ۾֪Ա߿ϣ˰ɣƽȵľơ
˵˾ƣԼǰһӵľƣ뵽ҶƽղѾһ󱭣һ˵Ǹһӡ
Ҷƽ΢΢һЦƱ㿪ʼҲҶƽһѱеľƺȸɾȵʱʵܲˣѾ˳
Ҷ˵ϣȿǲа˼ƽһҲû
̧ͷ˿Ҷƽ֪Ҷƽľﲻ˵ˣҶƽҲϪҶƽôľƣĵظҶƽһˮиǳ˶ʻ
Դ˾Ҳûʲô취ϪϤչԼģҶƽ΢Цſۣӹոոˮ
ԹԺҶƽҶܷܷȥϪ߹ƽ磬ʲôʱȥ
ҶƽѾԭǸÿɰСѾһʮֳŮӣʱĿԸıˣȴ֪Ϫ֮ǡǡΪıģȻҶƽԶֻǸÿɰС
ҪȥҲ˵׼ǵԭҶƽҲ˵᲻ȥ
ϪӦһû˵ʲôģҶƽҲ˵ʲôҶܷܷҲϪ֣Ϫֻת뿪ˡ
ڷϪ֮ҶܷܷЦЦҶƽ磬Ҹоʲôϵһ㰡
Ҷƽһ˵ʲô˼
ҶܷܷЦ˵ʲô˼㲻֪Ҳɩӵġ
ݸһЦҶƽ㲻ҪϹ£ϪǼҵĺѣְǴĹϵǲһ㡣
Ҷƽ͵ӣҶܷܷתЦŲ˵ˣһŵӣҶƽҲûа취ԸôôɣҲƽѩ˵
ҶƽȥԺ׼뿪ٻصеģû뵽ڶ죬ڵ֪ӦԼҪ֮ȥ
ҶƽֻȥǣǵټԺ󣬱ҶƽȻЦűʾļǳˣأһлҪ֯ϵİš
ҶƽЩĪʲô˼ڲ֯ϵİ
ɻ֮ʱ˵ƽͬ־ȫǣҲǴӴսߣ֯ϻĿǣòô㣬㲻ĲܣһһǳõĹԱӴ˱ǣĴӴֻ֮ܳΪһӢˣǾоȻļ쳤á
һ˵Ҷƽ󲻽صǼ쳤ǽأ
΢Цûйϵ֯׼Ȱ㵽뵳УѧϰʱΪһ꣬ڼãҲ˵ʵϲûȥѧϰˣļ쳤һְʱ˴ͲӰ쵽ڵطϵķչ
Ҷƽû뵽Ǻչˣûȥ쳤ְ񣬶һѧϰ뿪˵ģ˿еļ쳤
֮ǲҲûиΪʵǺͬ־ŵģ֮ǰͬ־㱨֮󣬺ͬ־Ҷƽӡ󣬾Ҷƽȫսߣһ˲ŵ˷ѣǼȻôһ£һҶƽı֣ҲǶҶƽһֶ
һҶƽҪַʽ뵽սˣǿҶƽûʲôʾ˵׼Ϊڰ˾ֵĸֳܷ鹤ڵҪرƶһֻҪҲͽˡ
ԭֻһҶƽЩףôôˡ
˵⻰֮˵ڿʼ֮ǰǻ͵ѧУѵһ£ִ֮񡣡
벻ҪѵҶƽѵҲãȻϾⷽ治Ϥִ²ô˳
Ҷƽһִʲôģȴûп˵һʮܵûоִ֮ǰ²
Ҷƽ̸껰֮ͻһˣҪѧϰصȫٳûг¸еƣӦ˵ȫ϶ΥĹ˵Ѿ䵱˱˵ļͽ
¾õں˹ûа취㱨˹ӣҲһ˳¾õľ鲻ֻʱһߣȥִǵɡ
רȥǼҶƽǴŹ˵ԶŸոջ˵ȥ˱ôʱ䲻ͻˣ
Ҷƽԭί˵һ飬Ϊɺԭ˵Щ飬ͰһЩֺ˵һ飬Ҫǰʷ֮£ȻϴʷҶƽܣӰ쵽ʷţʷȴ˹ȫϵðܷŵÿֽţһȽˣоûסȫ֡
ҶƽϻҪ
̾ǵƢԸһһЩȻҵģҲڸеƵĵط
ί鳤ڰߣĿ£ΰԭΪʺϵ鳤ʵĲʺϵ鳤Ըȷʵһִ֦ҶȴһǳϸϸִȴǸִ󲻾Сڣ˺δ᲻ôġ
ϵܣʵ뵱гҵгһʷҸǸɡҶƽǰ˵
Ȼ˵Ҷƽ̧ͷһۣڳг£ʷͰĹϵһ㣬뵱гô죿


626 ȥҶ
֮Ҷƽǰ˵⻰ȷʵ֮⣬ҲҶƽæŪɳгȻ˵ίǣ뵱гӦȥҰ֪ûҸոΪίί鳤γг²ӦˣֻҶƽҶƽȥҶȻ
ҶƽĻ֮Ҳ˼γг鳤Ҫúܶ࣬鳤Ƿ˵Ľɫ治ϰ߸
ڵγгôڿλӣǲЩˣ
ϵܣ֪ЩѶȣųأ˵Ҫ뿪УҪʡȥˣһᣬ뵱񸱵˶أϵҪҡҶƽ˵
˻ĻҶƽϢֲͨûᵽ£ԭ¿ܵߡ
ϸ磬ôܰﵽ㰡ҶƽЦ˵
Цϵܣ˲֪ʵΪѣϸһֻ֪ҪȥǱߵ˳񸱣Ժʲô飬ֻҪ˵һͿ԰ˣҲ԰һʷǸСӣ㿴ô
˻ĻҶƽ˼һ˵ϸ磬ҿһ£Ҷ֮䣬ҲһĹϵҪȥ¾ͲУˣҵòֱȥĻǿһȥǳ㣬ȻӦҪ󣬵㣬Ҳûа취˵ǲ
ڻǰҶƽҲѹϵĻ˲֪ô˵ˣһҶƽ˵еͱʾһзİš
죬ʡί֯·֪ͨҪҶƽǰ뵳Уμɲѧϰ֪ͨһ·е֣ʱΪʲôͻȻר֪ͨҶƽһǰ뵳Уѧϰ
ӵ֪ͨԺ󣬰Ҷƽ˹֪ͨ飬Ҷƽ֪ǰŵˣȴΪҶƽ˴ǰ뵳Уѧϰ϶֯϶һֻȥʱȽϳһ꣬ټصĸɲһǲôʱġ
Ҷƽ˰˵껰֮󣬱ڳѧϰʱϳ쳤һְҪʱһ쳤ּԺĹ
һҶƽ˵ˣҲǣѧϰôʱ䣬һּԺĹУƼ˭ּԺĹҶƽˣҶƽƼһ쳤ּԺĹ
֮ʹӦҶƽҪ󣬼׵ˣҶƽǰ֮ǰͻһȥһʡǡ
˴ǰʡһǰԼһҶһǰѲһҶ֮ǰҲûר㱨飬ŵû㱨һ¡
ʡ֮Ҷƽû̴ȥҶǸ߻ϵһҶԵĻһ档
ӦˣҶƽȥҶʡǵסһˣ֮󣬱ǽ˵һ飬Ҷû뵽ǾȻ뵽ҪҶƽҶƽǲǲԸá
Ҷƽæ˵֮ǰ˹һ飬ǿԸһΣ֮
ҶҲ֪ǻᰲҶƽʲô񣬵ҶƽԼԸã漰飬ǲٷʲôˣֻǸҶƽһҪעⰲȫҪʲô⡣
Ҷƽǳжرʾһ£ȻͰѻһ£˵ϴ뵳УѵͻһϽڻټ
Ҷƽ죬ҶҶƽйػҶƽͰѻĻһ£ҶƽĽܣҶ룬˵Ҳ뵣γг֯п죬Ǹ£ӡңҪʡճĳгһְ֯һ£ʲʺ쵣Ρ
ҶԸ죬ϾļͣǸҶƽ飬Կһ£ϾҪ飬µߣ϶Ҫȱгһְ
ҶԸҶƽû˵ʲô뿪Ҷļ֮󣬱ȥݼ˻죬һæôûϵϡ
ҶƽһɥصҶǵһ绰Ҷǽӵ绰ˣûдӦ˵Ҫ˵ǷǳЦ˵ԺлĻûʱ䣬һûа취ˣǼҶˡ
һֽǺɥоûϷˣ⸱ӣҶƽȴ˵ϸ磬ҶȻǣǿȥӡǣӡұȽϤһЩȥҲǿԣ㿴вУ
ӡǹϵ죿һӷ˹⣬ӡʡίǣܻ֧ҲǺܺõġ
ץϵһ¡˵
ӡԴ֮ҶƽϵıȽϽܣϾǴӰʡǱߵģҵʱʡʱӡʡί֯ĹϵӡĹϵʲô»϶ܴ绰֧֡
ڻҪϵӡҶƽ룬ӡϵһ£Ȼӡûʱ䣬ӡҲʶҶƽڽҶƽĵ绰ϸӡӡҶƽϵʡǵһƵȥһԶٷ
ȻҶƽûи߹ӡҶ֮ĹϵӡȴǶҶƽ֪һЩףھ˵ҶƽҶҺƽҶһĹϵֻЩúأ̫壬оֹϵڵĿԺܸߡ
ڴ뷨ټҶƽǴӰʡģҶƽʽϸߣǿӡҶƽһֱĿ࿴Բֱ֪ͨҶƽϵƵȥ
ϵ֮Ҷƽ͸˻죬һоϷʮֵĸˣŵϿһӡܼܲ
ϣҶƽͻһ˴Ƶ꣬첢û̳ӡǰҶƽȥӡķ
˷֮ҶƽֻӡһһҶƽӡһֵСҶߡ
ҶƽЦ˹ȥ£ӡֿʲôʱȥǱ
ҶƽЦȥ֮ǰһӡǡ
Ҷƽȥ뵳Уѧϰ鲿·֪֪ͨͨʡί֯Ժʡί֯Ȱ֪ͨøӡһ;ҲЩ֣֪ʲô鲿Ϊʲôר·֪ͨʡҪҶƽȥУѧϰأһҶƽʸס
˿ҶƽӡЦ˵СҶרǲʲô°ȥ뵳Уѧϰ֪ͨ鲿ר·ģҶһأ


627 ӥ
ӡĻҶƽ΢΢ЦţʾԼҲ飬һᣬյӡĶǰ棬ԸԸһ档
ӡüͷһ壬ܿ˵Ȼˣɡ
˸к˽ӡ֮æǰʺã֮ӡͷʾ¾Ϳˡ
Ժ󣬾ƵķԱ㿪ʼϲˣҶƽͻӡ򵥵غӡһ߳һ
ʵӡ֪Ҫߵ飬ҪһЩҶƽŻȻ֪ʲô˼˴ʱҲǶԻһֿ죬һ˵вС
ܽӦţȫûִ֦Ҷ磬ҶƽԱ߲廰ֻṩᣬڻܲץסͿԼıˡ
ӡľ񲻴еԼһϿɵģȳ극Ժ󣬾Ҷƽʾӡоʹ󵱲ϳгҲûʲôźġ
ҶƽЦЦʵҶѾһı̬Ҫ֯ŵĿۣ˱Իϸ磬ջðǱ̬ȥͰ˵˵ֻҪ֧㣬û⡣
һˣίǵı̬Ǳعһأ֯ſʱ϶Ҫһһֵһֲͬγг֯һǲǿĸ˵ġ
Ͼ֧ģֻҪ˵һ˵ᷴγг
Ҷƽȥʡ֮󣬱ǰˣ˾֮ûȥ뵳Уȥȥ
Ǽ֮󣬱ǲѾˣҶƽͻشˣʲôš
Ǳһ˽й֮󣬱ҶƽȥһطҪһµѵѵԺٽ
ǵĻҶƽҲ֪ˣǸ˵һططȥܴ󣬵ſҲûʲôӣ֪Ǹʲôġ
֮󣬵һ칫ңֻһڰ칫Ҷƽ֮΢ЦվʾҶƽĻӭ֮ǰѾźˡ
ѵҪһ֣ɣҿͽӥɣǸҶƽй֮˵
벻յһ֣һִŵ֣ҶƽЦЦԺͽӥˣ
Ǹӵ˵ͷԺȫԼʵֻдţҲѵҪ𣿡
ҶƽҲǵ˵ͷȻӱһˣҶƽȥһʳޣѵ쿪ʼ
ҶƽǸѾˣҶƽסרΪ˲ŽѵѵѧУͬסһһԱôü۵ģһҶƽ۸Ҷƽһ£Ҷƽ֣ҶƽһȴԼģ۵Ҫ
ʶԱǶҶƽȷʶ˽ҶƽǹĻǾӵģҶƽЦЦûи
˿ҶƽǳܣЦŶҶƽҽӵģ㣬ʲô֣ʲô
˿ҶƽʵǾӵģҲ
Ц֯ҹѵأǲҲ񣿡
ǳʵڵӣҶƽҲûʲô˵ҽҶƽǶһ֣ӥҵһ֪
ǺǵЦҾҲֻ֪ѵ
˾ʹʶˣҶƽڶѵʱֻѵֻжڵѵ࣬浽˵лһŮԣֻжʮӣҶƽ絽ǰμѵ
Ҷƽֻ֮΢ЦſҶƽۣҶƽе֣ѵ֮ǰԼʶ
ѵʱҶ˵ڴҶһ񣬸ѵǱزٵģ֣ȻǱȽţһЩʽ죬һ뵽ҶƽֵľҲСҶƽ
ڽĽ̵£ҾǽѵҶƽ÷ǳ棬Ȼ˵ƽʱĶǱϾⷽĹȴûĻᣬȻҪץסѵ
Դϰ˶νҶƽʱԽԽߣ棬ٶȷҲͻͽѾһĶֶͣߣʱЩƲסڸ񶷵ʱȴܲޱȵıеǳԾĵط
˽Ľ̵ҶƽһЩøȶˣִпܾҪ֮սЩҪǾһַĻᡣ
ϰҲǳ棬֣ȴǺݣҶƽô棬ͲҶƽһµ뷨ȻֵʱеҶƽܴ󣬵ʵսôȴһ¡
ѵ֮࣬һֿЦĿҶƽսҶƽսЦЦһʱûдӦҴӦҪһˣֻд裬Ҫʲôĵط
ҶƽȻʲôֻǲԶѣҪԣҲ뵱һͣҲҶƽһֻŮû˵ʲôֻ΢Цš
һҶƽ֪ܲıԣȻҪȾͱˡӦ֮Ħȭ۾ҶƽҶƽʼ
Լ𹥻ҶƽӴĹ޷ӽһҶƽӲӲضԿΪҶƽʵãԷ𹥻ӵҡ
ҶƽңޱȣҲСʼձһֳȵ״̬ܿĹ
һ֧ʼͣ뿴һҶƽҪôд裬ͣҶƽȴǿʼЦ磬ô˰
ŴǶȥдʲôǲǲд裿ҪǲҾɣ
ЩżӣҶƽǺһЦ𼱣𼱣ʽʼ
һҶƽ˵۾ҶƽȫڶأһҲЦ
ŮЦݣҶƽĸоʱˬʹľϢϵӿ˵磬дһ£
ҶƽڵϷһӰͳ˹֮ٶ֮ҲҶƽܳԾٶ㿪һڵȴɵվֱԼ
ҶƽһξȻҲ㲻ʵеϲһҪҶƽһͷҹϷԼһ룬һ֣ȫҶƽȥ


628 ѵ
˿ңҶƽӵҶƽλҪܣ϶óͷɡ
ΪҶƽĵʱѾҶƽȥҪǧ֮ۿžҪҶƽϣŮͻȻ˵
ǻճڣ˱Ѿײһˣֻ¡һͬٱеײһ𣬷ȻͿһӰ˳ȥ
оûп̫壬˾վҶƽֻҶƽȵվȴԶ˵ϣµľȻҶƽ
˶ɵؾҶƽæܹǰȥһеͷеɣղԼôǿΪʲôµĲҶƽ
ղҶƽǲʲôһˣҶƽ߹ֵ磬û°ɣ
û£û£β㣬ҡվҪҶƽԣվˣ˼æһһЪϢš
һľɥҶƽһۣҲ˵ʲôˣҶƽݣޱȣ֪ҶƽɲôСģǰ¶һֽȴҶƽԳˡ
ʱд裡ȻˣͻǲôҶƽһ˵
ҶƽǺǵЦʾԺѧϰҪԽд衣
˾ѵһɳϢһᣬҶƽŮԣϴŮϢתͷЦЦĴʲô
ŮԿ΢΢һЦͻ
ͻҶƽһôƯŮôôһš
𣿡Ů΢΢һЦ
ҶƽǺЦ̫ˣӦʲôҶĴţܷ
ŮԲЦʱָ˳̬廰˵һϣһڵϣһˮǺ½ϣ޵У
⻰˵ôҶЦҶƽЦ൱ǺĸǴ㣡
Ů˵ûЦһ˶Ҷƽ˵ӥͬ־㲻ҪСͻͬ־ͻͬ־ֲһĴſɲģ˵Ҳʵ
⻰ҶƽԵóԾŮԿȥ磬ѵֻر
ʱҲҲǲţ˵̫ϧˣһŮͬ־ͻͬ־һ£ǿ۽磡
һ˵Ůͬ־ͬ־ͻͬ־ҲǿԵģǱȹˣĶ֣
һŮôȻסˣ˵ҲǶ֣
˾ͷٻͷһŮȴ߿ˣҶƽ״ȥ˹ŮԻͷҸɶ
ҶƽЦ㿴أǸղ˵𣿡
ҶƽԼӣŮ˵ÿ˶أ㿴Ҳأ𣿡
ҶƽûоԼأһ˵ǾԼҲЩˣϾԼҲдŵˣһǽ֯أǵǲʵˡ
Ǻǣ˵ĵҲǣ֮ûʲôصİɣҽҶƽʲô֣ҶƽЦЦŮԵ
ŤͷҶƽһۣŮһµҶƽ𣿡
ҶƽȻҵˣϼûҪҪü𣿡
ŮֿҶƽһۣ˵ͽҸŰɣʵҲϲͻǸţһϲ֣Ȼ˵ԼҸо㲻ִӡ
˵Ҷƽʱһ£˵̫ˣԼȷʵûпʼִҲû˵Լֵǲ
ҾѵģֺøţˡҶƽЦ˵
źǺЦ˵㲻һ⹤ԱЩЩ˵ĸ٣
Ҷƽһ˵ȷʵеԼղЩḡæ˵ҸղֻǿЦƽʱһˡ
һ⹤ԱˣΪ⹤ԱѧԼ˸УǿĲݵ֣࿿ǵαװͼɣųҶƽһ˵
о˵ĺеҶƽⷽһ֣Ȼǿʵòֺֻ࣬һЩѣֺõ̫ˣһⷽ˲š
ڣҪµģΪǻαװֶգʵûҪдʲôգ㲻Ӧ¶֡źҶƽ߱˵Ҷƽ
Ҷƽϵ˸ղ˵Ҳ
΢΢һЦ⹤ԱĻҲţÿڻ֮У׷ȴʵסҪõĶʵʱ޿̲ڻ֮У
˵⻰ʱԵú£Ҷƽееתһ룬ЦղŵĻǲǻ԰
΢΢һЦܴǲǻԣԼֱˣ
ҶƽǺǵЦоҲȤҪ㲻ϵȥֱԺʵȻһѰĹ̡
ѵѧУҶƽÿæѵϵѵһǹѵǹѵǷǳȤԭεط쵼ʱ䲿֯Ҫȥǹòֿʼѵⷽļգ˳ȻΪʱȴûҶƽ͸ŵֺá
ǹ֮ϰһЩĵʹãЩҶƽ֪ЩǼȫʲô߼ĶУרŵѵ֪Щ
Щ֮һĿϷҲҪѧαװôһݷޣǷǳ׾Ūòײࡣ
Ҷƽרһýޣ˵ݵ񣬹ȥµͷʲôĶҪݷޣʲôȥִеĻ˵ҲҪѧαװһ⹤ԱΪҪ
ѵѧУѧһ£ʱúܿ죬ѧϰڼ䣬˽ѧϰʼˣ໥֮ͽ˸顣
Ǿӵˣѵ֮Ҫصִ񣬶űǹˣطˣѵ֮ͻصطȥ
ѵԺ󣬴һһٷҶƽԸŵȥ˸ţȴ˵ԼҲ֪϶Ҫ
˸ŵĻҶƽҲٶʣҲЩ㲻ףʵҲ֪Ϊһ⹤Աʵļʵģһոս֯Ҷƽһ
ԹɢﷹԺҶƽǼ˾ȫֿˣȻȥǱҪִʲô񣬺зԸѾȥһˣҲ֪ʲô


629 
ԺЦѵôҶƽѵ㱨һ飬ҶƽѵĲǵıԵúο
˵Щ֮ǱҶƽСҶͬ־֮԰ִ񣬲Ϊ㽭飬ǻŸԭ򡣡
ǸĪؿҶƽһۣҶƽҲ֪ʲôεԭ򣬹һᣬǲ˵СҶӴ֮ͲٽҶƽˣҪһ֣ҵ顣
Ҷƽһ㶣ô£ΪʲôҪǵ飿һҪĻԼ֣
㲻ִ𣿡Ҷƽʵ
ЦΪҪִ񣬲ֲҵҵ飬һҪ¸һ˾ĵҵ飬Ȼִ񡣡
ҶƽΪʲôҪʵҸĽʲô֣
һ˵Ҷƽҿͽƽҵɣô
ƽҵǺǣֱӵ˰ҶƽЦ
ǵʡ¶ˣҪȻҪúõһ룬ͦ鷳ģ֮Ҫ㵣ҵ飬ΪҪһ飬ղ˵һεԭΪֻеҵ񡣡
ҶƽЩżصʲô񰡣
ǿڻһֵعԱھǳ裬൱ŵĹԱ˽ύУûв鵽©֮һʦͥҲһ㣬ȴô˹ԱύУһͲҪӽνʦȻЩ磬ȻȻ֮Է
Ҷƽʵôӽ֪飬ܸҽӽ𣿡
ЦЦΪҵ飬Żӽ㣬ֻнӽ㣬лˮὫĵϸ
Ҷƽһ룬Ҳ̫ѣǽӽ취ӽˣһ룬ȴ˵Ϊһһ֣
ʲôְҶƽæһ
Ц˵һһһŮŶô
ҶƽصôܸĻҲԼȥִ񡣡
ǺǺһЦһĸ㲻ҪΪǸͲִ㻹ʶأ
ʶҶƽ۾ˣôʶع
ɻ֮ʱ򷿼溰һСߣɣ
ǵһ䣬Ҷƽ۾ſڿȥֻžȻ˽΢ЦſȻǰһվ
ô㣿ҶƽԾˣദһ£û˵ʲôѵҲҪαװģ
Ҳû뵽㡣վҲ˵
ҶƽǵøŰݸð۴ʻ̸·涼ǸӣһϺã
ǹһЦСҶС߿ɲǰݸǸҿûƭŶ
ҶƽǳԾôһô˵ˣͲˣǰһ֣Ǳʾ졣
ˣǷԸҶƽڲһý¶ڣǸøʲô͸ʲô
ԺҶƽͺ͸һһ£˿űֻɵһͬ־ˡð׷һ䣬Ǹ
ҶƽɵӣŲ΢Ц˿˵Ҳ˵Ƕڻ֮УǼȫ˵жϣ˵ʲôҪ
һ˵Ҷƽһʱȥʮɵˣ͸žϸ
Ҷƽǵİ칫Ҵ˰£ڼ仹ǲμӹιֹҲ˵ҪڱֽϣһеĹ񣬻˿
̵֮ҶƽڿʽִˣȸϵһĻȥȻ档
Ҷƽӵŵĵ绰֮󣬱ǰĻԺ󣬱㿴һľݺĺԺֻдż֣ħĻ
һ⼸֣ҶƽһһļƤôһ֣˸еܵظƵġ
߽ȥ֮ŷ֣һʵƹ˸ãʮֵţһ˼ɾŮ˧ʮֵ֡
ųӭһ棬ҶƽʽʲôžЦС
Ҷƽ˵ף޷ǰǵ飬ͿܲʶǸνʦˡ
һʮŮһҶƽȥЦŴ˵ͣһͣҸٽһλ˧
һ˵ͣе裬е죬еŮ֮ڲţһ㶼һҶƽ
еһҶƽ㾪Ŵ˧簡еŮһҶƽǾ̾˧Ŵģ
ţǽһ°˾Ÿ߽˵
űЦЦλ˧ոյһλߵĺˣ˵ǣԾͲ˵ˣҶɣ
ŵĻ֮󣬴ҶҶƽ֣Ҷƽǣ΢Цסǵ֣ŸЩԱ֣˰죬Щ˷Ǹ쵼顣
ȵһλʱЦ飬λҪúõһ£ǽۻĽ
ǸʮһЩһͷȥͷҶƽΪʲôԱŽȴ˵λܣ׵˾ܣɣ
һ׵˾Ҷƽһǹĵ˾Ѱ
ԭܣʧʧҶƽæ˵
˸ŵĽܣ֪ҶƽһһʱЦŶҶƽ˵ãܸʶ쵼Ժ󾭳ϵ
ҲǹĸˣҶƽǰȴǵͷӣҶƽס֣ϵ¶ȣԼǰ˳ӣҶƽȴôһ˾ȻǹһָĸҲһˡ
ǹ֪һСʲôԺܶչˣҶƽǫѷ˵
ѺǺһЦû쵼չ˲ҵĽ죬һжǵߺãرммǵĸ쵼쵼ߵˣԺգ
ְͽԼӣҶƽȻһ񣬵һ뵽Լ뷨Ҫӽʦģ˭ܲʲôᣬǸʦأ


630 Ů
Ǹʦ첢ûŽܵĿѣҶƽ˵껰ֺ֮Աߵ쵼
쵼飬һһлֱǷί͹쵼飬ǵļ𲻸ߣĵѶҪΧתڿҶƽҲˣҲǶҶƽ˺֮ģ֪Ҷƽĸ쵼顣
Ǹĺ˵һỰ߹Ҷƽڨϵܣ߾Ͱ
˿Ҷƽϸ磬ҵĵλ⣬߱ˣҾͲ˵˰ɣ
ҶƽʮֱܵӣЩ⣬ʲôŻܣ˵ӣҶƽս˵ϸ磬ҵĵλ⣬Ҹû£㲻Ҫ˵ˣǹҰȫˣ
ǹˣλ쵼飿ĳһû뵽Ҷƽһⲿ쵼顣
ҶƽԼ˼һ˵ʶ
һ˵˵Ŀǣ飿
Ҷƽ˵ͷû˵ˣ벻Ҷƽǵ飬תһ룬ҶƽĻ𣿻ȥһ¾֪ˡ
ҶƽĵúͶлҲ˹˶飬֮Ĳ죬ȺڣھǽγһС壬໥֮аģ뼫ΪͽһС塣
Ҷƽܿ뵽ĺлȦҲŰͽҶƽڻ֪Ҷƽĸ쵼飬ֻҪ쵼Ժ϶õõ
ʮŮУ⣬м͸һĸ⻹ļߵŮǣͬҶƽȲ衣
ЩŮŮӣҶƽ͸̾⾩ǵ治СطӵеֲôԸϾھǣҲԸ뿪⾩ǵ̫ˣǮȨˡ
飬һŮǾ˹Ҫ§Ҷƽ裬Ҷƽһװܾȵ˵ݹǸӾŮǣ
ŮǶʱ΢Цһ˫ͬаףͬһߣҶƽ˹ȻҶƽߣصԺ쵼հ
ҶƽǺһЦŮǣҹհһһǩɣ
Ůǰ˫ѾҶƽļϣӣҶƽÿŮȴһ§ɿԼ
ʱ߹Ц˵һ˧磬ͽˣ
õģܣǸŮ΢Ц˵Ҷƽ§øˡ
Զţֻվ΢ЦûйҶƽΧŮǾͰҶƽһˣʱиӾߵŵǰ衣
һʱ֮䣬˶ζ壬Ҷƽֻ÷곡ϷŮ
һǣôﰡҶƽС˵
ŮЦ˵ټľۻᣬôֻܲһǶѣȴͶˣǣܶðͽǡ
Ҷƽѩ׶ֺÿһʱЩŮ§ԼĻû뵽Ȼ˿ѣȴҪͽԼһŮԼǰ治ʲôˡ
һ룬ҶƽŴ󵨶Ȼ֮֮ϾԼִ񣬶ǰԼĹԱĹԱЩЩԣ̫ݻˣΪ˹ҲǱġ
飬λ쵼鰡ܸܲңԺº㡣ŮǺҶƽһ裬ЦŶҶƽ
ҶƽǺһЦҰﲻʲôæģֻһͨûôȨ
Ůȴ˵ҲûʲôҪ鷳㣬ûлǺһֻҪʲô£ǵһ绰ܽˣҲһЩС£ԺҪ鷳ˣʹ绰ô
Ҷƽ룬Ȼ˵ҾӦɣȻŮǾͻῴԼˣôԼͲˣԱ˵˵һЩС°Ȼð죬Ժ绰ˣ
ҶƽӦԼŮȴֱ˵һݷһ£˽ȥлûʲô취ʲôݸ̳𣿡
û뵽ԼҶƽһʱҪҪӦ£ӦôӦǲԼ
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Ůǵթƭ˵˵Ǯƣϼҵĵܵܣûа취ҵң֪Ҳǣ˵ﲻ˼ңֻӲǴӦԼûֻܰˡ
ŮǵĻҶƽѾңҸһԣеĻʹ绰㣬УҲҪвУ
ŮһͻȻҶƽһڵ̫лл㣬飡
û뵽Ȼڴ֮ͥԼҶƽҲǷˣЩ˼ֱûܰ룬ȴǲֳܱЦЦôһ׼
ŮǺǺǵЦǲЩ󰡣ϲһֱӴ߰ɣ
һ˵Ҷƽ˵һһҪأ˳ݵ¡
һҶƽ˵ŮǺǺǵЦ˵һллûߵ£Ҷƽеŵģ֪Ůߵ˼ͷһμ棬͸˵ǵһθ¡
תͷǸл鿴ȥһܸɹ£ǸѸ˵ˡ
һ룬ͷЩŮˣŮǴʱȴ˵飬㲻ҪŶߣٵһġ
Ҷƽһ˵æε£Ժʱֱϵ𣿡
Ůǵ̫òˣݵңһᱨģ
Ŷˣ˵һĴʦܻЩ£ΪʲôҶƽͻȻ뵽ʦ£Ů
ĸʦŮǲ
Ҷƽ˵ԣʲôͦģһѽġ
˵ǲȴﰡһܵķɹʣҲ̫Ǹˣ˵Ҳ첻£л鶼첻˵£첻ˡŮ˵
벻ŮҲʶȴҶƽһȴ˵ôɰΪأܳΪܵķɹʣҲ
ŮǺһ˵ǵǣܶƴӣ˺׺ݣһ㶼ϲ
ô׺ˣҶƽЦʵ
Ůǵ۾ֻϿЩƽͷϿʵʲô˲ģһʦ𣿡


631 
ŮǶȴƺвҶƽ֪һйȴʵôû
ŮǵصģǶһģȻͨ󣬵һ˶Ը
ŮǵĻҶƽЦǺãҰˣСһ׮
Ҷƽһ˵Ů§˵ص̫ˣ³֮һúñ㣡
ǺһЦҶƽôлң
ŮǰһͦһײҶƽ壬ЦСŮҲûʲôԸлģֻˣ
Ҷƽæһ˵סô˵أȫ֪ˣҵģŮǣ
ŮһЦͣͬһֻĸڿڣҪڵϡ
ЦʲôأôģŴԱ˹۾ɨҶƽͬʱǸŮǡ
ûûЦʲô鿪һЦЦˣţŮվ΢Ц˵
ЩɫҶƽԼǲʲôˣæŴЦˣѴЦˣ
Ų˵ʲô΢΢һЦҲˣ飬һ㻹ҵĳߣ
ãôģôҴߣҶƽ̴Ӧ
ת뿪ˣŮҶƽЦʵôʶ
Ҷƽѽܵģʶ˰ɣ
ŮǵǵȻˣǮֲνİ׸˵
ҶƽǺһЦҲǰǮǼ̳ӵģûȡ
ŮǸ̾һµ˼ȣһ˼ҳ˼ȣʲôǮ
Ҷƽ֪Ϳˣ㿴ңÿǵ㹤ʣһÿ𣿡
ô˵ǰµˣΪ£ǣΪ˺ڷԡŮǲЦ
ŮǵĻһЩҶƽ΢ЦſһȻһ˷ɢȥ
ɢȥҶƽϸŵĳ˿ŵǸŮĵòûʲôջ񣿡
Ҷƽ˽ȴһЩôû
ŵʲôڲŸյǳĺϷأղǲ֪ˣ
ҶƽղǸˣҳû
ŵºһѣȴ֪ܿˣ
ҶƽҴӦǸŮҪ£뷨°ˡ
ЩȵôӦˣ
ҶƽҪǲôԳҵıȴϹ𣿡
һҲǣת˵ŮҪСղſĵȺǧҪȥ˵ȴûǣ
û뵽˵ҶƽѵǣҲһûʶȴǣǸӦ¡
ž˵һãҶƽӲһһΪʲôҪΣյĹ
ݸһЦ⣬׷һҲΪ˹棬ָоǲһģ
˼죬ŮͻȻ˵ݷųˣ˵ҪлԷһŮдҪҶƽæ˵Сһ׮Ҫе飬˵ɣ
ҶƽûеӦÿһһôŮûʱ˵ϵ
Ҷϵ绰ҶƽϵһôȴﻹûκζϹС
ҶƽĹݱȽ⣬ȴδػҴ˼Ҵ˼ͲðˡǸôȴﶯ˼أúúһ롣
˵ñֳ©뵽˼ԣһԼ
Ҷƽô
Цܼ򵥰һԼɫͿˡ
ҶƽԼĶ䣬˵ɫࣿʲô⣿
ЦֻȴΪ϶ɳ˲ܻᶯ˼Ҫǲ̰ռɫһҵĺøɲҶ˼𣿡
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ЩŮŮҶƽȺŮһܰСķ䣬߽ŮҪһµļβƣºЦ飬ôͰˣҷǳл㣡
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˺ŮĿ飬˵ΣҶƽŬȥ̣ȥԼֳʲô
飬ھסĶŮǺһЦʵ
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ŮǵûȨûƣ˭۸ǣֻҪΪҳ˾Ͳ۸ˣ
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632 ǵ
飬סĵطһɣŮҶƽ죬ھưˣҶƽ˵
ĻҶƽЦ̫ˡͲȥ˰ɣ
ŮǵֽҶƽĻֵ֮߰ɣסĵطι۲ιۣҲû¡
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ҶƽӦ֮ʮָ˵ؾȻĸ첲ȻȥҶƽȻеܲϰߣֲþܾ˼һŮŮͬ־ĸ첲Ľզþܾ
һȥıסطҶƽﻷţٲɽӳһƬïܵĴ֮УСһ̵ĺھĵطĻ˷ǳĽˡ
ڸ磬طôҫҶƽ˵
ҶƽЦõط֪һƬһΪԨһ԰㲻Ǵǰ
ҶƽתһȦȻҶƽ߽˱һһЦ˵ڸ磬Ǯ򵽵ģ˸˲ٵӣЩǮʲôã˼ҪǲǣҲûа취
ĻҶƽЦǮȨһϾסⶰ˶Բԣ
Цǰǰڸĺ̫лˣҲûʲôɸлģǳ
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΢ЦſһҶƽƽƺû⵱ǰֱ߹ҶƽһʵĿȡ
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Ҷƽһڿȣæֵôסıһҵķסɡ
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˵꣬ҶƽѿţͻȻҶƽҶƽһڣ˵ڸ磬һˡ
˲һǣҶƽͻȻеһʵļ֪һᷢʲô˵ʲôúͿ촽Ѿ˹еǰһʣ͵ɳϡ
ڸ磬ҲҪԱˣֻˡУҶƽ仰뿹һУȴܣȻǸоԼϵ·ڲϵ䣬һĶѹ˹Ϥİһ뵽һ״ľء
Ҷƽ֪ԼʲôʱģʱͿԼߣһᱡıӸѩ۵ϣ˯۾
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Ҷƽ·˵ҵˣԺϵпڲڣߡ
ľȻؿҶƽһۣæȥпҶƽҪпľٶϣܿҵп˵ǶʮĻٴ㡣
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ЦľЩûаĶ𣿡
Ҷƽϵʲôû˰Ƕʮûʲôˡ
źǺһЦҿʲôӡˣ
Ҷƽһ˵ô֪һڣûж㿪Ҳɫˣ
ŹһЦ㲻ֹɫɣľû𣿡
һ뵽ʲôҲǲõҶƽ˵û˰ûƭ㡣
Цôıһϣ
Ҷƽıһʲô֪Ϸʲô֪ˣһ룬Ҷƽ˸һ˵ʲôʱǹһˣûе£
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Ҷƽһʵʲô
ŵں˵裬ܶԱϵҲڹ۲
˸ŵĻҶƽ˼һ£ͷԸеһ飬ѵҲһ
ǵĿ겻ȴѵҲȥˣҶƽʵ
ŵȴҪĿ꣬ǴҪĿꡣ
ͨ˵绰Ҷƽµ绰룬ԼڵʲôɫôԾԾؾŻ㱨˵԰ǵ飬ȴһͨĹԱӦԼ㱨
һ룬Ҷƽое㼶ߵԼҵЩϤȴף൱ԼˣԺɡ
ԺҶƽҡҡͷϵ׷ʲôǲǸʲôҩˣ


633 ѵ
Ҷƽ˵绰ԼһԷҶƽӵ绰룬Ӧ绰ҶƽԼĵص㡣
ԺҶƽ㿴ʮˣһվӭ߹סҽܵλ顣
ҶƽЦЦ˶ڿȻʼǰμӾۻˣҶƽһЩȫһЩ쵼飬Щ˾ۻᣬγһ໥֮Ĭ֮յǵżҪѹ쵼֪
ܣҶƽ뵽Щ˺ܶ෴УЩ൱һȻһ໥֮Ȼ˽˽ΥΥͱһˡ
ֿǣҶƽЩ˽½ᵳһ־֮ģûȥֹЩ飬Ҳ飬ʱֻܷ곡Ϸˡ
ȸߴҶƽʵݣ֪ǵ飬ȻҶƽһһҶƽžƣҶƽҲһһػؾ
֮԰ҶƽйĿ޷׳ҶƽΪǵеһԱȻ˵ǵҲǲСˣҶƽļ룬һЩǰ첻˵¾ܰˣϾҰȫŵܱȵġ
ԹԺ󣬴ȥ裬Ҷƽȥסǵֻȥˡһֱҹ賿ȥ
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ҶƽҶƽ̱ʾǫãԺ󣬱Ҷƽߣȴұߣ׸÷
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һƿƼֵ2ԪҶƽһ벻˰ľƣ˵Ҳ̫Щɣ̫ˡ
Цдúþƣ˵Ƽ˲ӽ않϶ˣ
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ҶƽȵĶһЩѼ˺ȵһЩƿƾͻȥʮԪҶƽ͸̾ܣƷˣôơ
Ҷƽһ˵ѰвһϲҶƽô˵˵ܵˣԱҪùԱ̾ĲƸȻùԱƽ⣬һƽ⣬Ȼ븯ܶĵزӴ˾ͺÿˡ
Ҷƽ֮ĽѾ֪ˣھҪҶƽϵȻҶƽΪãҶƽΪǿ쵼˵źǿ
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֮ҶƽȥȻŽϵ㱨һ˵ҪżϹ
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Ҷƽһʲô£Ѿ˵̸绰ﲻ˵ĻҶƽֻȴӦ档
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ǰ¼ӰҶƽûжһ룬̧ͷʵʲô
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634 һ
ѱҶƽǰɫذѳ־Ⱥǵ½һ飬֮ǰھǸһĿһҵ˾ҵ˾һأֵƣΪسýûȫ룬־һɱظջˣ棬־ǿӲĺܣѼջأȻ鸾Ƶһ˾
Ѽ״ʮŭȴ취ȴʮ⣬ȻŰ취־㽭죬סƵ꣬Ȼм˵Ĺȴһֱ˸һ̽м˹
Ҷƽе¼Ӱһų־м˵Ḷ́治뿴һ뷨ѺȴǰȻǳ˵һ԰ɣ
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Ҷƽ̰˵ܣ˵⻰ͼˣҪĹɷݣ볩־죿
ǣȴ֪Ҷƽװ߶ѣΪ֪Ҷƽп顣
ȴﲻͣؿҶƽļƻҶƽΪҰȫ쵼飬ܽҶƽ߷鱨罫һˣҲ֪µĿԺСѶȺܴ󣬹ٳûڿҶƽϵԽԽУ뷨
ҶƽӦѵҪȴͻȻ飬һʵˣǱ۸ԸܣǷǳмڹҲŹЩҪһѣ㲻ԸҪɷݵĻԸ֧һѣҲĹɼô
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˵һзӹңʦĻҲ뷨
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ҶƽæûаҰæҲҺôˣ׽ˡ
Цһһϣѵ֮ûʲô飿
Ҷƽһ˵⣬˵㲻˵ҲˣǲǸʲôҩˣ
ŲмصʲôҩԼԼɣ˵ûϴ
ŵĻ˵ôֱû뵽Ҷƽ̷ϵҾûиϴ
Ҷƽϵӣ΢΢ЦЦ㿴
ҶƽʲôűǰһU̷Ž˵ȻļһļһƵ㿪ʼһҶƽĿɿڴñܵû죬ĿתؿŻ棬ƺһ־磬ؿҲڿʼͣ
ĶõҶƽȥˣʱһȣȴŬؿԼȥǻ棬Һ͸һ档
ŸһͣȻתͷҶƽЦʵôʲʣ
ҶƽʱŵƺͲһˣϵĶƺûʲôо̫˼ˣȴһѪˣ


635 ̫
ϵĶҶƽһ¼ӰⲻܲҶƽһ벻㣡
˰ɣŶ΢Цص
Ҷƽеһȣ˵治֪ô£ΪʲôҪ
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ȴʱҶƽѹϵԽԽУб˲߷Ҷƽ˼ǴȴǱȽϳҶƽǰȫŵģ
뵽ȴһ˵飬ȥϲ
һʵ⣬Ҷƽ˵ûȥֻȥ㽭
ԱҶƽĻ֮飬ûȤȥһ£Ǹ˵ãʲôʱȥһ¡
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ѵ飬ùҪȥϣ쵼ۣһȥ
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ȴܸˣҶƽȥϣǱ߾ͿԲ߷һ£Դ˴ﵽĿˡ
ĸ˺ܿƳ극ҶƽȥȥԺ󣬾ʹһ绰ţ֪飬п˲һЦȻ˹ҶƽԺӹпȥϵ飬Ҷƽһȥ
˵Ժ󣬸žͳҶƽݸһЦҶƽЩĶŮ֪һ⹤ԱĻһΪŮǺΣյĶ
˼죬Ҷƽȴһȥ˰ϣɻȽڰϻʱֻһгӼ۶ŮˢˢѺҶƽ¾
ڰҲƺܺˣһŮʿΪҶƽ˳ţҶƽ˽ȥŮʿžҶƽߣɢһ˵
ҶƽһסϴƵ꣬µѰź˷䣬Ҷƽס˾Ƶ꣬һ䣬һŮ˽ȻӢҶƽʾʺ򣬿ҪṩʲôҶƽ˵NOֱˡ
ھƵϢ˼ʱҶƽ֮²Ѻȴȡжǰϣ֮أʲô˶У֪ζԴ
ŵʱѴ˵绰Ҷƽ¥ȥһ¥İȥԷ֮󣬾ͿѺȴѾ˵ԱżƯŮӣѵֲʵǵȥȴﵹһҲǷŮӵĴϣҶƽ󣬼ŮӾ˹Ҷƽӵλϡ
ܣЩǴƵķ°ɡѾЦŶҶƽ˵
ż֮֮ԭҶƽǺЦž˽ȥԣסĸ첲
Ҷƽ˿ѺȴЦôôԷ
ѻ˻֣ŮɿҶƽĸ첲Ȼ˵극Ǹȥ
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ҶƽһӳΪϵģŮҲǶҶƽһʱ֮Ů˵һ
ƺһСʱҶƽ˼󱭾ƣŮӲ¥ȥȻַ˷䣬˷֮󣬱ҶƽŵϣȻʼΪ·Ҷƽûֹǳȥɣ
Ůȴ˵רΪģ£ȸһ̩ʽĦ
һŮҪĦҶƽûٰǺȥǽǵҪ󣬾Ȼ˾ϡ
ѾԼ·£ҶƽǵӴһô·
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ҶƽʱˣĦһ˭ܲ˰һʱ֮۾ŮͿϾͣϲȥĺǲܡ
һŮſŵģȴʱأôŮȵǳȥɣĦˡ
Ůȴ˵ûнأǻҪΪ񡣡
ҶƽһͼæŮһЦͷһæһҲҶ̫ˣҲЦ
ŮҪǰΪҶƽҶƽڿסԼ˵ҵĻץ߰ɡ
Ů˵ǸǮģǱ񡣡
ҶƽǮǲҪˣǿԻȥˡ
Ůһϲ˵Ŀģ
ҶƽƭǸʲôǻȥɡ
Ůһ˵ǲǶǵķⰡ
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˵ڶ糿ѹһ˵ϵܣⲻ⣿
Ҷƽһӱ֪ʲô˼ˣЦ̫ˣ
ѹЦϵܣôæֻҪϵʲôҪ󾡹
Ҷƽ̫ˣʲô
ЦһȥĳˣϵĹûУ
Ҷƽûй˵߶ĳǺȥʶһҲ


636 
ҶƽȥĳǣѺܸˣԴҶƽȥĳǣҲûȴͬҶƽ״һ䣬˵ȴ³ȥˣҪ
ĻҶƽһ£ȴǲ˽ͷȥˣֱȥ˶ĳǡ
˵ĳǵֽԣҶƽ֮ͷҪеĶĳǻҪãĳǵ¥Ի׳ۣ̾ΪֹſںѻȥĶǺŮ߽ȥ֮󣬸˾̾ˣ浽ǽ̻ԻͣȥһΪ˹ʱĻʹĳȴȫִˡ
Ȼ˵ĲߵĻǲϴ߹ƯޱȵŮǣһĸеĸǽ𷢱ۣҶƽ󲻳ʲôܱܸʴ˵飬ֻҪû˲ᷢ˼ϵĸı䣬Ǯ˵ã
ЦҶƽȥ߽ҶƽһĴȺȣռһֿܵգ䴩Ƕĳˣ
أһɣҸȥó룬Ȳ࣬ʮǮİɣҶƽĶ˵
ѵĻҶƽûɫѾ͵Ա߸ҶƽʮԪĳ룬ҶƽȽˣºѾԼȥ棬Ҳ𴦿һһ档
Ҷƽ洦߶һ£Щľִ󳳴ֵˣŮ٣ǵӣҶƽҡҡͷЩ˶Ƕͽ
վȹ۲һҶƽͻȻһϤȥһһֻʷȻ˵ŻԭҲˣ
Ҷƽæû뵽ʷʱ̧ͷҶƽʷһҶƽǱҶƽ𾪣עĳһͣסˡ
ҶƽһòãʷгھȻĲԼ֮ìܣڿԼ϶ỳԼΪˣôͻԼ
һʷʶԼҲڶĳ֪ԼʵݣǾͲˣԱܳ֡
Ҷƽһ룬һ˹ȥеĳŵϣȻʷЦһ£ע
ʷھ֮࣬ҶƽȻ˹˶ע˵ҶƽҲΪ˶ĲȻҶƽҲΪ˶ĲǴ˭˵˭ҶƽȥԼˡ
һʷеһӷģһȻҲҶƽЦһ£еĳҲȥһע˶Ӯһѡ
ʷǸˣҶƽ˵仰ҶƽȴЦһ֣˼ǵˣҶƽӣҶƽкֻҪҴĬͺˡ
Ҷƽʷһкųˣܺʷһ̫ãٳʲô鷳ʷҲͲ뿪Ҳи
뿪ʷŶҶƽߵһʵûʲôĲİãǼȻһ棬ѿ϶ỳɣҸղŻСӮһѣȤҲһʱ
һ֮ҶƽߵһŶǰ˿ȻΧڶǰ˺ܶ࣬۲һᣬʵûʲôĲļɣ侲̬һ²˼ǣһ㲻ȥڶĲк侲ĻᣬȻܱƽǺѵˡ
еĳҶƽع۲ţ۾ͣضסϷֽƣͻȻһתһˮ³ȥȻִһ˫۾еԽԽȻ䣬ƺеһУһֽͻȻ͸ǻɫǵȻԼԼؿʱ棬ѵԼϰİ˶νþˣ߻ħʲôˣ
ҶƽŬػ˻۾ͼŪ嵽ǲǻþ˼۾ȴǸоԽԽɫ͵ֱһ࣬ǰһУ˿еĳ룬ֿ˿ϵֽƣһעһ⵽ǲʵ
עԺ󣬷ƵСͿʼƣԺ󣬹Ǹɫ͵ҶƽɵӮһѡ
һԼӮһѣҶƽʱе˷ˣѣѶӮˣΧ˶ʱеҶƽѺʲôעǾѺʲôע֮ȫӮˡ
ⲻܲ÷ƵСеţûͻȻеӦˣûֹһС
ҶƽȥҲУ˼Ѿͻһȥעˣ˿ΪҲǽңûٸȥ
һ֮Ҷƽ編ƣΪ˲ע⣬Сעʱ͹Ѻ´עʱ׼ȷһغϣеĳʹʮԪһԪöĳûԤϵ
һԪڶĳ˵ҲʲôȻҶƽǵע⣬ǵĳ֮ڣԵҶƽһԪߵʱ򣬶ĳûи档
ȵѼ˵ӮһʱֱһӾˣҪ֪ȥԺͶһٶ򣬽ȫˣҶƽȴܴʮԪӮһԪ̫ˣ
أ̫ˣȻӮô̫࣬ˡѾϲ˵Ǯһɨ⡣
ҶƽЦȷʵӮһȥ
ҶƽҪӮǮøæֵأǮӮģôܸأôãҪٽȥѣ
Ҷƽȴ˵첻ˣһǮӮģ˵͸ù㣬ȥɣ
ѻֵɲУӮǮҲҪʮҸĳ룬㻹¸ʲôǮɣ
ҶƽҪѾǲҪҶƽֻðǮһص˾Ƶꡣ
˾Ƶ֮ҶƽʼԼ۾ôˣΪʲôܿϵֽƣѵϰ˶νʲôëˣ
棬ҶƽٴȥһϢֿʼת۾ǰĶһᣬ͸оǰĶҪƽ౶
ҶƽԼ۾һǳʲôëоñԼ۾һ΢
һ룬һֽдϼ֣Ȼ󷭹۾ȥһͷֳڶĳϵˣ͸ֽдŵֿؿ
ҶƽԽԽо棬һֽֽȻȥһǿˣǿģģһоֽĺӰ쵽͸ӣԼҲʲôֻܿԼͻȻ֮ˡ
ڿŵʱͻȻţҶƽȥţǾƵķС߽ҪΪṩæֲҪǸСŤƨȥʱȴַСƨϷ·һǳ·Կˣ֮ǰǽԼʱȴûзѵС㣬컻·ˣһ·


637 Ӯ˰˰
ҶƽԼԿ͸ֽܿ͸ֽĻпܿ͸··ҪһЩòһ룬߳Ƶķ䣬һ¡
߳Ƶ꣬ߵϵʱۿȥȴûзʲô쳣ĵطоԼ뾲Уһ룬ߵԱһĵطеȻ󱣳ֲԶĽкܶŮ
һһĳʮָŮ˹Ů˴÷ǳһ˿һţеĶ̿㣬һС
Ҷƽ̶ȥоڵϢתԼʱгΪŮӵڲȻʲôûдźɫ٣þȻޱȵ
ͻȻеһȣҶƽæģϢɢȥ۾ָֻŸղŵ龰лһ궯Һÿ͸ŮӵΪţп㣬͸Ǽֱˣåˣ
Ҷƽһᣬе͸֧ıȽٿȥͻص˾Ƶ棬ȻúõϢһ
˵죬ҶƽѴһкԼһȥ˶ĳǣӮǮͷһԺ֮ȥˣȻԼܿƣβȥӮѣҲöĳһζ
һĵ˶ĳҶƽκ֪ԸΥսȥĳȻ
һһ𣬾۾ؿϵƣ˿ûע⵽ҶƽĵҶƽȴǿһ֮Ҷƽæһߣ˷ǳĻ˵ỵ¡
һ룬Ҷƽĵض㵽һߣһǸʲôԱߵǸˣе죬ȴ벻ˣܺһ˾Բʲôͨһ߶Ĳǲ϶ֵûɡ
뷨Ҷƽûȥе΢ķ˼ƬԺ󣬾ͷٶƵ뷨뿪˶ĳ
ȥԺҶƽһ룬оҲһΣ˺ɫ̰ƣһǱģǸ˿ȥҲһȨƵˣһģʲô顣
ڱݵķҶƽȥеطһӵĵطڵĹԱҲطĲˣ֮𾪡
ϵʱȴڳˣѺһҶƽ˵ҪҶƽȥһطһ棬Ҷƽûʲôĵĵط͸ȥˡ
ԺҶƽ֪˴ȥĵطǰĵطѿȥǳ˷ܣطһܺĵطȴﵹǺƽֻЦЦ˽ȥ
һ߽ȥҶƽͿˣмһ̨ϣмŮŸֹ裬Ѵһλ£ǿʼ̨ϵıݡ
ԺҶƽ㾲뵽͸ӵĹܣͰ̨ϵŮɴ÷ǳ٣ֻǰƨϴһ·
֮Ҷƽ̨ϿȥһͿŮǰƨɵĵطƺû·Ůɴ·ٺܱڵȤһȥͷŮɵƺûдκ·ˡ
ǳķҶƽ˼ӣ͸еǳƣȥǵʱ򣬹ڵȴһʱΪ̨ϵŮɿʼ·ˣ
̨ϵŮɿʼһһ·ѵֹҶƽ󣬵мΪڸղŵʱ͸·ܹʵؿŮϵʵĸоڳؿöˣȫһжûˡ
ҶƽԵЩûģѺȴȴǿýζһᣬѴк˳ȥѲ֪Ҫʲôȴ￴Ҫߣﲻһ֪Ҷƽǲʲô¡
룬ҲѴһкȻҲ˳ȥ߳ȥԺ󣬾ǸҶƽ뿴Ҷƽʲô˰죬ҶƽȻ߽˶ĳǡ
һҶƽ߽˶ĳǣȴﲻͺܸˣҶƽȫˣûȥȥĳˡ
е߷ҶƽʱѾ죬פֵ˴һ绰žվڶĳſڵȴ
Ҷƽ߽˶ĳԺȥӮǮ￴ʲô軹ӮǮȥһ룬˶ĳ֮ɨһۣһʲôˣһȦûʲô֮󣬱һط
֮ҶƽǾģ׼עԼһĳ룬ӮˣҪӮͱ´עΪ˲˵ע⻹СעѺעӮǮ
һҶƽССֵ˼ǮĶעӮ䣬ȥĶͽûʲôͬĵطаСʱҶƽ׼ʼӮǮˣ㰵۾Ŭȥ棬һϵֽʼ͸ֽƿ廨ɫ͵
ҶƽؾһĶעһƣһӮһһһӮϾ˶ĳע⣬Աߵ˿󲻽ҲǸе̾
Ҷƽ˿ž˵ڶעһһ£Աߵ˾ǸӾ̾о̫ˣӮһ͸ѵΪԼܱӮ
ʱҶƽȫһ붨֮У˵Ŀ⣬ƵС㿴һۣû˵ʲôȵҶע֮Ϳƣ֮ҶƽӮ
һӺ䶯ˣĳȫע⵽ҶƽܲʣӮ򻹲һ룬ͰеİȫѺȥԶӮ
һҶƽеİȫѺȥҶеһǷˣһˣһУ
Ҷƽ治ɫĺܴ󣬲̫ܳʱ䣬뾡Ӯһ֣ճ𣬴Ҳһ֣Ҷƽ׻Ρ
ȵһƣȫǲˣҶƽӮˣһо˰˰Ӯ˰ҶƽͲӮˣ̫ҲûӮȥѾʵĿꡣ
Щ룬Ҷƽ׼任ֽȥȵոջֽ֧Ʊʱһߴߵǰ˵ϰһ棡
ҶƽһۣʵϰҸʲôҪߡ
ߴ˵ǰ˵ᵢ೤ʱ䣬ϰֻһ档
ҶƽһЩãѵҶĳãӮǮ׼ߣѾѳһֽˣҶĳϰԼҪʲô
ոҶƽȥߴ˵ԼǰȥУһ룬ȥһ¿һϰ嵽ҪʲôǲԼߵĻ˰Ǯˡ


638 
ҶƽŸߴ˵¥ϣ¥Ժ󣬾һ棬һȥͷһ΢ֵӣΧվżߴӡ
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Ҷƽϵӣ΢ЦСͶ룬ÿһζӮǻǧǲǧģڳǧǲܾʹ˷Ź
ҶƽȻһ˵ʲô
΢˵ȻǧǾͲܲСĴָͷ˰ߣӴ֮׼̤Ƕĳ벽
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һ룬ҶƽҸǣûгʲôǧҪҵСĴָͷûȨڻ£ǣ
Ҷƽ׼ȥ΢ôȥʹһɫһߴӱ㵲סȥ·ӵסԼȥ·ҶƽصͲ»ǵƣҿڵˣԴڵˣԺڵؿ˭ط
΢һ˵ͻȻЦ˵ڵؿǲϲʮǮҰ˰ı˵£Ƕ˵ǳǧûʲô˸˵֣ڰط˵㣡
΢ӵӣҶƽŭһǵصĺڶϴ󣬷ôĴڰϺ绽꣬ϵΰ治ô
һʱ֮˽֣Ҷƽȥ΢ȴǲߣƺҶƽжԼСĴָͷ־棬ҶƽоһΪãһϿԻָһͺˡ
Ҷƽһ룬ЦЦ˵ɣһ£ǮҿԲҪֱ˿ɲԣ
Ҷƽͷ΢ӵصһСĴָͷ˰㲻̫ϧ
ҶƽЦǮ˵νֻҪ߳ȥٰǮû˵ҪһСĴָͷⲻǹƽĹأУ
һҶƽ˵ܰǮû΢ӲŭԺٽҵĶĳСĴָͷ£
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˿˹űȽĻ˵λǵѣҪߣ
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΢һ⼸˹Ҷƽģ߱Ǻ˵ǲǵ޹أ뿪ҵķ䡣
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ֻڶǹڣ΢һŴˣû뵽⼸˻˵оȻǹ
Ǹʲôģ΢ӵˣȥ
û˵΢ȥ󣬲ŶҶƽߣ
Ҷƽ֪ǸʲôģߵĻܲߣһ룬ҡڵ˳ȥ˽ں档
˶ĳҶƽתͷ˵ллˣҪˡ
ҶƽҪߣͷ˵λЩ̸һ̸ܸȥһ𣿡
˵÷ǳҶƽȴǻǵĶΪ⼸ǹ֪ǸʲôģҪǸȥˣʱ˻ô죿
ܲ飬Ҷƽ˵̸ʲô£һҪûʱȥ
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ҶƽʹӦȻǵĽγһȽεĵطҶƽ³͸߽һͨı֮ڡ
֮ҶƽͿΧܰԶмֻǹڲͣؽУͷ˾ͰһҲһˡ
˴ԼʮͣҶƽ󣬾վסҶƽЦӭ㰡
һԼҶƽıһô֪ԼڣЩȵӣֵ˴ǲʲôҪ鰡
Ҷƽʵˣ˵Ҳڣҵʲô£
˾ǹЦǰͲҪ˰ɣڶĳò㲻ܽΪ˶Ĳϰɣ
ԷԼָƣҶƽǴһѵרٵԼģĻЩ˺ܿ鱨Ա
Ҵڵεģ֮ȥĳǺ˵ʲôҪ飬ҲסҶƽ򶨵˵
ҶƽȻƽӣվ߽Ҷƽ㲻һ鱨ԱȻô磬
ԷȻ佱ԼҶƽҲʲô鱨ԱģֲԸģҲûǴңƺԼҵľҸе˼


639 
ҶƽӣʮȻоСҶƽһҶƽ֮󣬱˵ǻһϻǰ˵˸ϲֱֱȥȻزǾһǵ촰˵ֱ˵˰ɣ
û뵽˶ԻĵĻ˽֮˸еҶƽû˵˽˵Ǻǣ֪ԸⲻԸ⣿
ǣҶƽһʲôˣ
ˬʵشЦʲôˣѵĲ֪
Ҷƽûңô֪Ѿˣϴˣ
ǴЦǻαװǻ鱨Ÿ߲ˣһжûõģǶĵϸ֪ĺѵڻҪ𣿡
˿˵ףҶƽʱЩӦڰϸ鱨ˣǵĹȴǲøһС
뵽Ҷƽһۣ˵Ҷǵĵϸ֪֮λŰ
⻰ڳԼǻ鱨ŵˣ˺Ǹˣ˵ҲԸ㣬ڹCIAˣʶǺܸˣ֮һֱеĺҲ֮һõĺ
Ҷƽһ˵νĺ˵ζѹҲܴӦġ
˿ҶƽҲʼ˵ֱо˵ף˵鱨綼ң㣬һ£ҪѺͬˮްɣ
Ҷƽһʱûд𻰣֪ҶƽҪһǵʱ䣬Ҷƽ˼һᣬҶƽʵ˼Щε֪ڶĳҳģ뵽ѺȴһѵǸʱѾڼˣǾȴܣôһȴΪCIAˡ
Ҷƽ￼ǣ˵㲻ǺĻܲǺĻǲ˺һһЩְͣ
һô˵ҶƽǿһۣЩ˵ı»治СȻְܰ
ô˵ǱǺˣҶƽ̧Ƥһۡ
˵ûֻк˫Ӯѵġ
Ҷƽôѣ
˵˵ˣָƣ߽ĳ㻹裬㻹һЩΪ֪飬ǶգҪǲӦǣЩܿ͵쵼ǰҪǿǺ
û뵽ǶЩգҶƽ֪ôˣһ룬˵Щ鶥ʧҵǲڱ̣ǺǺǺصġ
˿Ҷƽⷽ˼ǣȰ˵ǲ̫ʱ䣬ֻҪ㰴ǵָʾһʱǾͻжϵȻǹٷƣֶΪأ
һ˵Ҷƽһ̾һǵʱ˵㻰Ȼңô죿
һҶƽ˼붯ҡ˵֤ʧ㣬ǽŵģҲ㱩¶Ǻ㶼ûкô飬˵ǲǣǻᱣ֤İȫģʲô⣬һὫ㻤͵ǹң̿ʳǡ
ʳɵر֤Ҷƽ۾һ룬װǳʹӣһᣬͻȻ۾˵֪ε֪ҵЩġ
һҶƽʵ⣬Цʱ˽ЩѾûˣԺ֪ԭɵģڲܸ㣬ϣס
˴ֻشҶƽվ˵ڿɲˣ
˵ǴӦˣ
Ҷƽѱǵϣһʲôּۻ۵𣿲ҸǣںλãǲҪң׳飬ҪңҪһ̶ˣܰȫ
һ̸˵˵û⣬ǻưĽͷ˵ģǵָҲͨ˸֪ǵǲʹõġ
ȫҶƽͶϣǸеǳ˳ҶƽӦ֮󣬱Ҷƽȥˡ
صƵ֮ѱȥˣôڲŻȴҲ˹۲춯ҶƽǱ鲻˵ûʲôǳȥתһȦ
Ҷƽ˱֣ȴҲǰԵ⣬ҶƽֶͨνˣԺͿͨҶƽõһЩ鱨ˡ
ڰϴ죬Ҷƽȴһص˹ڣ˹֮ҶƽȥҸţڶĳĵƬøſԺ󣬴һ˵£
˭Ҷƽʵ
ŵǻĺ˹ŵܾȻܵȥĲǲ֪˭
Ҷƽʶǵӵܣֻû뵽ӾȻʲô˹ܾǲҪ뱨棿
Ҹо鲻ô򵥣ҪĲڲˣҪһ۲죬һû飬ǲǻΣҰȫҪǡ
˸ŵĻҶƽеҲǣһǱ棬һҶƽҪ֣ǳӣһ쵼˱棬һרŰ˶µٽй۲죬һûĶ
ǸȻҲ˵Ķ󣬿Լķֵõ쵼ӣҶƽǳˣΣҰȫ£һˡ
ڻ㱨֮Ҷƽֵǻ㱨CIAԱӴ£Ļ㱨֮󣬱ָʾƽͬ־ĺܺãǴҵ飬ΪҪˣúᣬһҪڻĵѵȫ
ǵĵ绰֮Ҷƽı̱һ޵˳ˣΪ˹˴󹦡
ȥԺҶƽ룬ͰѴӰӮİ˰ԪȫϣСѧȻķʽģӮǮϣСѧȥúһѧϰĵط
ǮȥԺҶƽѡǽȴҲûǰ¶ԼݣҶƽ룬ȴCIAڻĵҪߣŲĿôѡ϶ҪҵˣҪҵˣˡѡﲻյĿ꣬ôյĿ˭أʶ˻ʶˣ
һ룬ҶƽеսϹǺΰҪһƬ֮ҵǿҪҵ룬ʵ̫ˡ


640 ܽͷ
ҶƽԼķĵĺܣʱúܿ죬ѾȥˣûɣеְûȥȻھѧϰ겻񣬵ʱ򵽵ôͲ˵ˡ
ǵָʾ׼һЩûмֵ鱨ΪȡöԷεĹߣ͵ŶԷϹò鵽Ļˡ
ڷ˰죬Ҷƽ׼ȥתһתƽѩʱѾˣһСӣȥһǹޣûȥԷĻɡ
ǱñȽϽ꣬ӷ֮ҶƽĿĵĴתһתߵһ֮أһƬǳ֡
ǳůѾ¼ˣҶƽ߽ƬԶͿһ棬طԵ÷ǳ
·ţҶƽͻȻһС͵ĵؽһŮĶ׼ԣ˹ȥץסǸС͵֣С͵ͷһȻ˼ΪһŭؿҶƽҪҶƽ
ҶƽȴץúܽС͵޷ǸŮֺһæܿˣҶƽץסֲţС͵Ƕݺݵصٹ£
Ҷƽ˿˵Լȥɳȥɳ
С͵ҶƽȥҶƽֻһС͵ǰӴһڵأعѵҶƽȣС͵ֱǲһ
ҪС͵͵ɳʱҶƽתͷһзһشһںԱߣҶƽһ̧ͷͻȻһӴ߳˳ǸӣȻ¡
һҶƽæɿС͵֣ĵض㵽һԣС͵Ҷƽɿ֣ȥҶƽ£Ҷƽһ䣬Ȼһĭˡ
µĳʻſڣҶƽȥ֮󣬽һ⳵ͽи١
˵ĳŽʻȥʻаСʱͻȻתֳʻҶƽǾ棬ֻó⳵˾ͷи١
Ȼ⳵˾ûиٵľ飬ڻͷ׷ٵĹµĳƺǣͼҶƽĸˡ
һҶƽ޷ټȥֻ÷˶˵׷٣´һҲһջıǸӣҲпļļںһ𣬾Բʲô£µĵ̫ˣȻ˸һ
ҶƽȥԺ󵱼ͽֱ˻㱨ǽӱǳӣҪӣǰԭļƻ¡
ѺȴһԷҶƽӦ֮󣬴ҾһԷ극֮󣬴ȥ水Ħ
ҪĦʱȴҵԼҶƽЦһ£û˵ʲôȴ￴˿˵飬м˵һ¡
Ҷƽʲô£
ȴʺ㣬ЩҪ˽⡣
ǸʮˣȴȻǾ˵CIAڹڵ֮һˣҶƽɫص˭
ȴ￴ҶƽԼʶȻǳһ־֮ģϾûб¶ԼݣҶƽҲǺ顣
һ룬ȴܴ˵˳ݴǵڰϵʱ򽻸һ룬Ҷƽһ˵ԭǵˣ
ȴЦǣ֪һЩҪĻϢϣṩ
ҶƽȴǹװЩصʦʶʼǲڸȦףһֱCIAˣ
ȴʱûлرܣЦ˵飬ҲȲѣ˼ֻҪṩҪĻܣģϾλӷǳҪ㱩¶ˣԴҶ
Ҷƽ̾һ˶˵ЩѾûˣѾӴˣֻҪһΣҾǵĴʹҲ۵ˣɴҸǸɼ꣬ҳɣ
Ҷƽ˵ȴûȥȰ˵ҶƽǴӦҲһ⣬ɼ꣬׬һЩǮˬ죬Ҳֵˣ
ҪʲôϢҶƽʵ
ȴ˵ҪǲڰϵӦܼ򵥣һæ
һҪõҶƽҾ岻գһȥԺǲһ顣
ȴ֮ڱ԰ټ档
ҶƽȴԼǸ԰ȥǸȥԺҶƽŽϵ˵һ£ȻʾҪ鱨ǱУ룬о鱨ò󣬵ܿѾ֪˵˵˵Ѿڰϱ¶Ϊ˿ҶƽṩһҶƽṩϢ١
ʮֵĽƻж֮󣬾ҶƽʵϢԽһȡõΡ
Ҷƽָ֪ʾԺ󣬱֮˱԰ȥȴ棬ȴǸҶƽ˻Ժһ뵽ºֵ֪ôôɣȴҲнӴ
ȴѾҶƽԺ󣬾Ͱ˵ϢϣȴҲûпֱӽ˹Ȼ͵˼˷
극Ժȴｫһֽ𽻵ҶƽϣҶƽһǼǮ˵ô𣿲ôһǮ
ȴ͵ǳֻһѣԺ˵ǡ
ȴͣҶƽЦô𻹲ڰ϶ĳĲǸջͺܶࡣ
ȴЦ飬ûпɱԣ㿴ңΪʦɶǮҲȱΪʲôҪݹǾݹ̼棬гɾ͸УҲӣֻҪ֮࣬ڵʷϻʷģ
ܻų꣬ǵĴˣɶҲ˵ˣҿģôңôѡطͷ棿Ҷƽ̾һ˵
Խ˶ĵطԽǰȫĵطʲôǻͷȴЦ
ܰϵ𣿡ҶƽͻȻ˵
ȴﲻЦô飬ˣ
ҶƽǰóʱûˣЩˣȴϵˡ
ȴӦû⣬Ұϵ㻹ʲôҪ󣬻
Ҷƽûˣˣٺϵɣ֮ô졣
ȴЦһЦȥȥҶƽһƻǲ֪᲻˳ʵʩ
һ룬ҶƽҲȥһǺܺãǽʵ̫֪࣬Ǹʲôģȴ˵һͷĺõط


641 ߵ
ϵһ£ҶƽڶͼȻǷ˴Լ˶ʮֵķ飬Ҷƽ֮΢ЦҶƽһӵ
Ҷƽһӣ֪ĵϸΪһͨǡ
飬ǲˣʦ绰˵ҪңҶšܵķɹʣҿǲҵЦһЦҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ˿鲢ûϲӣƽ˵С㣬ʵɣ㱩¶ˣ
һ仰һӸеװʵ飬ǲ˵Ҵ̫¶ˣ
˿ӣȷʵһЩ¶ż磬ǳȹӾ˸е¶
ҶƽЦһµ㴩ȷʵЩ¶˵ȴ飬СҲ֪ʲôģǵ˷٣֪µǵ׷£ҲϣʲôΣգðŷ㣬ץ뿪ڵȥɣٳٿ¾ˡ
һҶƽ˵飬Ť벻½˶Ѿ֪ˣҶƽ飬Ȼһˣ˵ʵڵûʲôѵֻ˼Ҹ;ѣʲô鱨ĴݣֻһѣͨﵽĿġ
飬ʲôΣҶƽ˵ʲôҲûֻ˯ѣ滹㡣
һ˵˯Ҷƽʱֻ֪ʲôһ˽н
뵽ҶƽҶģ㣬˵Щ˶ʲôĿģ
Ҷƽһ˵ֻ֪ǿҵ壬ǵĺɫ֮һЩ飬ұ¶ˣôҲ浰ұ¶ҪҲô׵ġ
һǣΪʲô䵽ֵزҶƽһ벻ʵ
ŵҲһʱͿǰæǼȫ񵽹⣬Ҳûߣ뵽ȥⶼָʹҸɵġ
ҶƽеʱɼھͰ㣬Լ취߰ɣʦ԰æ
һҶƽ⻰࿴ҶƽһۣҲûж˵ʲôûȥһ顣
ҶƽֿԺȥȴȴһ棬˵Լ¶ˣŵ֪Լ¶˻ⲻǺ
һʶ⣬˵ҶƽʱȴɫȴǺ벻ҶƽΪ飬ֻǲ֪ҶƽΪʲôҪ顣
Ҷƽ˵ʲôˣȴʵ
ߣЩԱĽˡ
ȴһ룬жҶƽû˵飬ȴǸ˵飬ѵֻΪһˣ
֤Ҷƽ֮ǰṩϢʵģӦ˵ҶƽҲһŵˣҶƽľٶҲ˸еЩ˼ѵΪ˶ģ
ֻһСӣץӰ쵽֣ʱȫԽһʦֻҪûص֤ݣҲܽô㱨һ¡
һܷɻ̷ϣȴﵽ˰֮Ͱﱨһ£˼ãһʱҲ㲻ʲôҶƽΪʲôôҪΪԼӦֱӸǣֻΪѵΪ飿
֮ʲôأҪ׷ǣһǣҶƽԸ⿴¶
ȴһжϣʱͻȻһϢڼб˴ߵ飬֪ΪԾ벻ٶô죬ȴеԼҲȫˣӰϻعڵĻҲΣա
ʱ֪һʲôӣҶƽṩһЩϢڣҶƽȴϵŹҪϢæ
һֱ仯ޱˣҶƽƺҲǱ¶ˣҶƽΪʲôҪ
ҶƽЯҪϢ˳뾳Ļ̫ϧˣڹܰҶƽ뾳ȴǺˣĶһЩصõЩϢ
֮󣬵ðһգҶƽϾǹ߲ˣմϢڵ뷨ϵıѣ뷨ڽϵҶƽʹݡ
һҶƽҶƽͷˣΪʹݲȫΪĻ汩¶ˣڲûб¶ֻ˿ʼˣԺ󣬺ܻܿṩڱһǳɿ˽нͷתӳڲС
һֻ˾ģڻڲһ棬ȥҶƽȻҶƽͳڡ
֪֮ҶƽһαװȻݳǰԼһط׼˵ĳ֣֮󣬴ŹʮֶӣֻҲһ˹Ҷƽĳǰ˳Ȼ󿴿˾߽Ҷƽĳڡ
һҶƽʵ뿪ڣ
˵㲻ҪżЩϢ
ҶƽϢҵϣǱ뽫ͳ
һ˵УȽϢңȻٰ뿪ڣǲʳԵġ
ҶƽȴɲУ˭ţΪǰ;ˣ˲Ļɣ϶ûȥˣڱȥ
һҶƽԸ⽻ϢͻȻӿڴͳǹ˵ڸѡһǽϢǰߣһǰʬ£߻Ϣ
üһֱӲˣҶƽҿԽϢҪݣȻƾʲô㣿
һҶƽ˿˵ǵֱ쵼Աٰϣǡ
Ҷƽʲô֤𣿡
һҶƽҪʲô֤ʶطǹʲôһɲǵʱ䣬ҶƽѸٵضǹҽס
Ҫʲô˲Ҷƽʵ
ҶƽǹָѾˣڿԸߵûϢЩϢԶòˡ
ûϵᷢ˵ûϵϡ
Ҷƽֱ绰ϵϵϵġ
˿˿ҶƽŸô죬ڰϣϵͨʹݣҶƽȥʹݣҪһҲڡ


642 ˴
˾ǺƵغҶƽһȥ˴ʹݣʹڵһǣͬǴһΪ˴飬ֻҶƽڴʹݸĵطȴһ£ǳȥнӴ
ʹڶи鱨ԱһҶƽڵĳ棬ҶƽͱʾҪ뿪ڣ˲ϣȻɴһɢ˭Ҳá
һҶƽЩʹݵҲŪԭίֻûصʹݸϵԸⲻԸڣҶƽ潻һ顣
ǳҶƽΪĺԱдܣһ¶ʲôûˡ
ﲻԸǧѷĻᣬӰϷǣȻֱŴʹݣǵ֪鱨֪ʿǣ϶û뿪ʹҶƽнףһ뿪ʹݾʧȥӻ֮Ȩпûĸ졣
֮󣬵˾ֱ֮Ҷƽе绰ϵʹڣұ֤䰵͵
ҶƽȴǸھڴʹ棬֮ٽʹݣһҶƽҪ󣬵ЩɣҶƽͽߣȥðһվ̫ϧˡ
һ룬ڴʹſڵĵطнףʹĹע⵽Ҳʹץ
һСС׼߳˴ʹݵĴţȻŴʹݵǽ˲ԶͿһҶƽĳˡ
ﲢûϳվڳ˵ҽʹݰɣ
վڳ⣬㲻ҵʹݵĵط̫ûץס
һ룬ҶƽΪʲôʧţȽϢ
͵ϢϺܲȫȽǱȽ׵ԵǴʹݱѣ֤ʲô⡣
ҶƽȴߵʱҾͳǽ׵ˣҪ뿪̸
ȴǵĵطȥǳΣգǲ뿪
ҶƽеģʲôΣգߣ̸
ҶƽǸȥõϳǺܳɣǸ³֮ԥһ¾Ҷƽĳ
ȵһʱжʧ󣬵ĳ֮ҶƽǿǰʻȥʵҪȥ
ҶƽûϢ
󾪵㲻˵Ϣ𣿡
Ҷƽҿɲôɵ϶Σհҵ÷һȫĵطȥ֮󣬾ͽ㣬Ȼ㰲˰ͳ
ｫŽɣаСʱҶƽĳӿһ棬˳Ҷƽǰߣںţ֪Ҷƽı֮Ҷƽת΢Цһ˵ǲ㣡
ͻȻһҶƽ˵ܣǸûлˣδѾΧסܿƷˡ
Ʒ֮󣬾ͽһһ֮󣬱Цּˣ
һۿǣ֪ˣʮǰǻڹִʱ֮й֣ʮȥ֮ѾɳΪһɲҲCIAںĸ֮һȴַʽ¼档
ûʲô˵ģ⽻ȨһȥǺǿӲ˵
ǹһЦǵ⽻û⽻ݣֻͨĹֻҪǵĹʵʩǶȨϽϣʵ
ҵ⽻ݺܿͻᴫǹȻм˵
ȻЦ鱨Ա֪Ĺһ᲻ݣǱڲԱѾǸڳܿͻָ㣬ǵķԺ㣬ĹӪȻȥҲҪ۵ģ
ǵĻеˣôĹʧˣ鱨֮·ʹսˡ
벻Ȼһն鵱ն鱨һ֣ԣôôɣҲشǵκġûƣﲻ˵ˡ
ӣЦȽ⣬ο˴󹦵ģҲû뵽ϹҪֻܹ̫̰ɱ˫ۣʲô˵ԣеģԼúÿǰɣ
ù˸ˣҶƽ߽ǣԺҶƽļ˵ƽƻǹ󵨵ģû뵽ȻϹΪνĻļգԭļƻֻڲǱص˸ץû뵽Ȼõһ㣬ˡ
Ҷƽæ˵ⶼָӵĺã˶ɶֹţ󹦣һʱû巽ǲ£Ҳû뵽ķ
ǺǺЦܻʧǰʱ򣬴ְҵеʱҪ󵨣еʱҲҪؼ֪ʲôʱ󵨣ʲôʱ
Ҷƽо˵ĺе뵽˵Ǳصʲôˣ
ʱǸϳȡϢѾץʱ뿪ù˸ˣǸһ־ĸ糤ԼΪṩ鱨ǱʮˣΪ־糤лõֻļ˺ܴʧﲻΪشֵǲҶƽͷġ
Ҷƽ鱨ĸԣһ˾Ȼôò֣Ҳһʮˡ
Ǹȴô죿Ҷƽʵ
ǵȴڰϣǻ취ɵڣӲ˵ģֻҪ𻵹棬ǶŹǡ
ҶƽΪȻһʵջô
ǵ⣬عǾҪǵĳ⣬˷ڻηȹɣ
ҶƽЩпﱾȴ˴Σ鱨˾Σ̫
ƽˣԻȥְˡ˵ǾǶҶƽ
Ҷƽһۣ˵ڵЩϲְҵˡ
ǹһЦϲϲǸ쵼ɲˣսϴ̫ʱ䣿бս߸ҪȥҪлΪǵĹľ޴ף
ҶƽЦһµ̫ˣҵһعԱоʲôѧˣĲֳʲô¶ˡ
ǹЦǶǹҪ޹أ˵Ʒʲ֪ģ㲻ˣ
ӣҶƽЦЩΪԱϣ϶ΥˣΪ˹ҪȥЩ飬ǾһֹҪ󣬶һҪȫ棬һʼʱ̫ΪˣҺ񣬷ϻһӵ˰̡


643 һ֮
Ҷƽ˹񣬶ʱŲ߸£˵һʱ仹ٴھˣûȥļ쳤һְ
͸ŵһ𣬸һعԱŮعרһٷһУ˵һ˷
Ŵһ·˵ȫ͹Գ￴Ҷƽ΢Ц˵ӣҶƽҲǺǺǵЦţ֮ϷǳĺãҶƽҪˣ˵Щᡣ
ӥͬ־ԺʲôҪĵطܷԸлĻǳϣٹӡŵһƣһڣЦҶƽ˵
ҶƽžƱȺƵӣﲻɵһ֮飬촽Ů
Ŀ⾲ֹڸǰλãҶƽһʱ֮Ϣſӣ֪ҪʲôǲˣåҪ֪ҶƽִڼŲٵһ˲õϰԣڲɣ
ھƾ£ŵɫ糺ҶƽʱֱؿȷʵЩʹˣҪʲôõ뷨һԼ۾鲻飬ܲܿĴ⡣
һˣåľٶҶƽȴûʶһ㣬ȫʲôѧоˣһ۾ͻȻһ͸׾ͿĴ⣬֣ͬ¥˴һԻ֮С
뿴һЩҶƽɰͷǰ˹ȥֶû뷨ҲˣåˣۿžҪǰĲλ̲סҶƽͬ־ڸʲô
Ȼ侪ѣҶƽ̾쵽Լʧ֮æ˻۾˻æǸ˼ҵ۾ˣɵؾ￴ȥԲ𣬶Բ𡣡
һҶƽֽͣŲһåͷȴǺܸˣ˲åҶƽ˼
۾ûУźĵһ䡣
Ҷƽæ˵ˣںˣ˼ԺҪʱҲǱ߿һǱָ
Цֲʲô쵼ָʲôҸɺԼĹͿˡ
˾Ǳ߳ԱģҶƽһ뵽ղԼľٶЩΣȥŲûʲô˵ıʾãԺûϵˡ
Ҷƽæ˼ңƽѩԼĶӣһཱུСҶƽеֻˣƽѩһ֣Ҷƽһ룬͸һҶε֣ƽѩһоֲԺö֡
Ժ󣬿СοĴЦҶƽһڣԼĺǷˡ
ԴӶӳԺҶƽҵĴССݼԼװ軹ûмǲУûһ˼ҡ
ҶƽƽѩŶһضϼңҶ᯲Լһϸˡ
˶֮Ҷ͹ڿҶƽˣޱȵĸˣûйĸˣҶ֪ҲϹˣԼСֶܹԵӣҲǿĵĲˡ
һ˾ʹһַǳ˵յУҶƽҲûиԼصУڼڶ죬쵼ˣϢʱЩûܣֻҪһ˿Լ˾֪Լˡ
ǿҶƽ˼ңҶƽ˵Ҷƽ˺ӣҶó˺ҶƽʾҪǵĺǸֹסΪ˵ǸӵģǸġ
˵ʵûҶƽֻòܷǵ⣬ǵĺˡ
ڼҶƽŻȥҶҲԸ̫ʱ䣬ҲŻؾǣڼʹ죬ƽѩҶ᯻Сξͻص˾ǣȥˣҶĹֻؿȥˡ
Ҷƽص˺󣬾ȥﱨһ˵ҶƽǰˣҶƽһ磬ʷ֪Ҳˡ
Ҷƽ֮ʷǺܿĵӣԭ̬ȸͬҶƽȴ֪ΪʲôΪʷȥ϶Ĳ֪ˣƺͬһϣʲôɼˡ
ʷʱȷʵǶˣڴ֮ǰгǱȽģԴӳίһְʧܺȺСİΧڿסջʼ䣬ȥȥˣϵ¾ͿǵˣԲȥ϶Ĳ顣
ȴû뵽ȻҶƽһҿҶƽҲȥĲģҶƽڵУѧϰڼȥĲʻӣûʲôٵĵˣȴҲٸҶƽΪˡ
ڼҶƽԺʷǺ׽ӣҶƽĲ¸߱ˡ
Ҷƽ֮ǰûü¸֯ţ֮ȴǿǵð鱨һˣȥĲǹ񣬶ʷȥĲһʷ⡣
ʷǰֳܱԼҪȥӣҶƽʷ΢ЦţȻһ۲ͳԷ
Ҳˣǳгʷ֮вϣʷȴûжٰ취ΪǵطʵɣҸϵһ֣ʷС˲ٵæ
ڳԹԺҶƽרźͻһڵ˸¹ȥˣ϶ǷһЩ仯
ͰˣҶƽͷоЩңЩסţʷǱһ죬棬һҲûȾָˡ
ʷڲһ죬ܶ˿ʼ¾˶浽һ𣬳Ͽͣ˽˴ʷų¾רŵĲ˵Ķһ˭Ҳ֪١
һͷѾִˣҶƽⲻĻǼٵģʷĲᰡ
أȫʲôҶƽһʵ
ȫڻǸӣʷߵñȽϽԭ͵һЩ
ȫɺϵѾ˳¿ϣֱڻûд³ߵˡ
¾ڳʷϿͣ˵ܻˣҶƽ뵽¾õʵ
ɲôģ¾СӱһᣬȴǸ˺ܶ࿪ٲȻһˣ˵ʷϹ˹Ĺ͡
˹¾óһ֮ˣҶƽ˹Ȼûд¾ã͡
˹ڵιֳָʱ¾Źϵ˹ٵˣ¾Ȼǵˣǿ϶һ֮ѡ
ҶƽЩŭΪֳίǾȻǷǲ֣ΪڶΪ϶ҪⱨӦġ


644 鷢ش仯
˽⵽Щ֮ҶƽʱҲûʲôҪǼԺڲҵԺ¥ѾǺˣʽͶ룬̾ǽչĺܿ죬Ҫ̫ġ
ҵǰͰؽţǷ̰£ǹ࣬Уȫʡļҵ񿼺˹ȡ˺ܺõĳɼ
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ţһЩԱܲ鴦ûͨҶƽ֪ͨЩ飬Ǳȴǲ֪ЩԱΪǣܵ˴
ֹһӣҶδ绰˵ˣڲˣ֪Ҷƽ϶һЩǣ˵ҲǷɣС뿪˹ںã뿪ھûһЩˡ
ڽӵҶε绰ͬʱִֽһϢ׵˾ܾĻﱻ鴦Ҷƽһ֪治Ǽ򵥵飬ֻöԣֽѸˡ
һϵ˴μйصԱȫ˴棬ڸ˽ϴ֮󣬻ͬ⽫ҲǱˡ
Ҷƽһε飬Ҳܵ˹һЩԻĵ̬ȣʱ޿̲뷨ӻȡ棬һ뷨ƻĵ飬רŸһЩ鱨̽ĹԱܵĹʱҲܷɰ
еĹ⵽شۣ쵼ԵúǻɢʡίܵҶƽȽϲ˺ֱҶƼû뵽ǣص±Ƚ⣬еʱȫǺİ컵£ټʷ˶żеĹ粽Уίսɢʡί쵼һЩ쵼ɲĲ׷Ҫ󳷻ίһְ
һʱ֮˺ܴѹҶʱҲһЩѹΰһԽΣϾʱֻһʡ츱Σֱίһ֣˵ⶼһ飬ȴŪӣ϶ÿ
ҶÿҶƽҲǲܣȻ˵ΪҶεĽܲȥҶƼģҲð˲ģڰ㲻УҶѹҲûҶþЩˡ
־棬ȴ͵͵˵ҪͱһʡίʩѹҪ󳷻ҶƽһȻҲ뷨Ǵһ˵ϸ磬ôҲ뷨
ƽҲûа취밡ο϶ǲˣö˷ʷҪίˣȥίǺٵľؾͺˣҶ֪Ĺϵãڰһߣô죿ʷҲ£ң֧Ȼ̬Һβ˳ˮ۸һ𣿵һºش󣬾͹һǺͨǰﻹ໥һ£ʷίԺҲ
һҶƽ֪Լ뿪˸ԺɵˣڵǽƣԭȴǴҵϣ¸ã̫˸еˡ
˵ʷҪίǣҶƽʱȥĲ飬ʷҲίһְ뵽߻ϸ磬ʷδܵίǣȲҪֶԣҾҪһԭڹٳ棬Ȼ˶ǵóϰӦһˣһõͬ־̰ռˣСۣþֻ̹̹һֵľ鲻࣬һЩɫ̫Ũ񣬵һЩʩ⣬ҰҲһЩ˵棬Բ˷ҾüʹʡίҪҲ侮ʯȥڱ˺ȥҪԼ͵ߡ
⻰һ͸оԼϷȣҶƽ˵ˣΪǲôģϾί鳤˳ίȻֵ˳гڰѣǲ侮ʯ
ƽһʱͿҺù㣬һҪְ֧ǣʷߵһ𡣡켱æʾʾһΪҶƽ̫ˣһΪҶƽ˵ʷһܵίǣ⻰Ҷƽ˵Ҫӡ
ı⣬ҶƽҲ˵ȵԺϿ⣬ʷڿҪеίǵƣίǣп϶ҪңϰʷĲʡί
һ룬òֱȥʡί߸ҶΪ£ЩüҶˣȥ˵ʷ飬ҶοҲ˵ʡžʷ֧ߣڰûиùžһҶǰеɫʱҲҶ˵ʱ
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һ뵽Լ֮ǰЩ£ʷָеЩ飬֪ԼлĻŲ˷Լˣʱ٣ٱЩ£ǺܱЩڰ
ʷЩЩڣµҶƽȥ϶Ĳ¸ʡίڰ칫һ룬ñ£һҶƽҶƽȥٱ£֮ǰôʱûоٱҶƽˣôһؼĵϣ뱣֤ҶƽȻٱ
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ӵĵ绰Ҷƽһ룬֪ʷˣʱôʷĿĵóѣʷȥ϶Ĳһ¶ѣ˭ҲȲΪ쳤һֱʷ֮ûʲôǣһìܣʱ֮ʲôϵ
ҶƽһЦڽ绰֮󣬾ð칫ǿص绰˵Լ³ڼң󣬻ӭʷгǰӲ칤


645 ͰһȾ
ҶƽίԺԼһ°ʱǰ壬һ£ϾԼ֮Ĺϵ㲻˺ܴѹȥһ£ԸһЩο塣
ڰ칫ʰŶѾ׼ˣʡίӡʡί֯Ѿʡί̸˻Ҫְһΰû˵ȷ̫ʱˣ׼
֮ǰѾʡί̸ҪȥίǵְѾ׼ˣֻЩźίǵʱŻһ꣬Ȼһ֣ʼϲģž˵Ķԣʺϵ浣εеһֻ֣ʺһĻţΰ칫Ľɫ
˸еźǳ̾׳־ʱΪУҪһΰĹȴꪳɳһ񣬻һίǵ
е̫ˣܲ˼⣬ȥҲ˼ˣȷʵһ⣬ûеιطһ֣ƿȫϺͰشϻǷһĻȻһֱʡ߲ʡίʡ쵼һҲʶ˲ٵĶԼʱ򣬻ȱһûЩ
Ȼԭ֮⣬ĹٳԸйأԸˣ˼ʹϵһĳͬʱԸŰãһЩʩ벻кϵصʵʣ̵УһЩԸЦҲԸá
˵е̫ˣǵˣǵĵеһ֣Ҳ顣
ԼԽʷֱӵίǣȷʵ̫Խˣʷ϶ǰٰĲûһʵȻʡί쵼֧ʷ˵żĴ󼱾ŴյȻ볡
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ڱʰ˼ʱҶƽˣһҶƽıһʡί쵼̸Ѵ÷зºܶ˲ٵİ칫һ㱨תȥʷƨȥˣ˭
ʱҶƽȴˣæеĶصƽôˣ
Ҷƽ˰һۣ˵ôǣڸʲô
̾һƽҲ㣬ʡί쵼Ѿ̸ˣǴȥˣܿˣҵǰʰöõʱæҵģӾѧϰոջ˽ڵ
˰ĻҶƽȻ֪˵ʲô˼Լ뿪İ˸ʱȷʵ˺ܶ飬°˺ܶѹڳڵ档
˰һۣҶƽ˵ǣЩǿ͹ɵģȫΣǼԺĹ֧˺ܶ࣬Һܸл
Ҷƽ˵ʵԺİ칫¥ǰָ֧ģ湤ҲǺ֧֣ҰһȽֱˣǾĸмǷĵġ
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Ű֣ҶƽҲ֣ص˵ǣȥ﹤ǼԺϿġ
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Ҷƽ֣Ҫһ۸ͣҶƽЦǺðһأ
Ѱ칫ҵϣȻͺҶƽһȥԷԺ˿ҶƽͻȻҰеЩ֣ϾҪˣҶƽʱʲôʲôӦȥʷˡ
ҶƽͺͰˣ˭ҲûУͰһСƽʱҶϴ󷹵꣬ҶƽȥС꣬ҲǺͬȥСȻǸ߸ϣԵײ˽⣬ʱһʵͷˡ
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һǳ飬˵ƽίǺʧܰ˲һ꣬Ȼְ˵ǲǺܶ˰
Ҷƽ˽ڵľ˵ǣҲô˵Ҿڹٳϸؼǿ˵õʲôܵʲôҪûΪϰһЩ飬ûǷΪϰշģȻһЩϣһЩⲻԼԭ򣬶صļ룬ĳȴΪϰպõģЩֻҪͺãα˵ĵʧȻᣬҲģֻҪԳĴ£αĽ
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ҶƽֻҪ뿪˾ͺˣڶů߲ǲȥƽЩ飬㿴ǵСȺʮǮһƿСƲҲǺܺ𣿵ƵǳɰǧĺþƣҲһζ෴ûڵպ飬־ƵǻزĺͳģһжٵĶǳǵĹλЦģͬǣǵѺ쵼Ǵӻ𲽵ģ̫˽Щˣ
һҶƽ˵˵ƽ˵Щûȥǹһҵͽʡأûе㹤ְ꣬ҲΪ쵼һҵȴǽأ˽ĻҶ࣬ɵñҺãûĸɲǷȱʲô
ŰʮָпӣҶƽǣ˵Ҳ˼ڻ͸߲㣬ֻҪȥ˽ʵǿ˽ģֻǸܲͬˣڻ𲽣ܵһЩҲûʲô


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ĸɳģҶƽȲˣĸλġ
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ȻˣҾͻȥˣҵȴǶǵĴǵľľ죬ͷľ죬ǣ˵ǲǣҶƽӦ뿪ͬʱҲ˹һҪ˽鲻ǡ
˹Цһ£Ҷƽ̫˵Ի粻˵ô˵㣬ҶƽʲôȨҪδ졣
һ룬˹Ҷƽ뿪ɳȵҶƽһ뿪ɳеһ˽һ·


647 һ
ڶ죬ίԺʹҶƽȥСԷþ£ҵĹע㲻ڰҶƽθ£ǹעҶƽΪʲôҪȥСԷ뵽ڹٳʧ飬ȴҶƽʱΪʲôͰһ
ҶƽȥԺΪ˶ʷӲ죬뿪׼¼˽һӵ
ԺһݹҪ󽭶ʡԺһӣʡԺðֽԺ
˵¶ˣʼûеõһһֱڸ飬ǰ꣬¼سǷһӣӲͨΪһɳΪ
ƺһͨȺڷ˽ͨ¹ʣͨ¹ʺ˷û뵽ǣ񾯾ȻǹͨȺڣ¸Ⱥˡ
永񾯱λ˽գܵǹͨȺҪ永񾯣Ǽ򵥵ؾ͹ؽ¡
±׽û뵽ǣʱ֮󣬾鷢˴תͨȺھصĺ˲飬ͻȻһ˺ķˣҲ˵ͨȺӷô永񾯴ʱ൱һӣûκˡ
Ǿ¼عֵĵ϶永ְ񣬿ǹӷ˸ץˣ֮ǰͨͨ¹ʣ˷ڽǣȻſǹ˵
永һɹ˺ˣһӱưĹ˵ȺѸٱ¾Ⱥˣȡ
ͷһתû뵽£ͨȺ󱻷ԺһҲ˵ͨȺڲǹ˺ˣԭؽ䶨Ϊ˺ķˣ׷ӸˣҲһֱߴ£Ⱥй˺˵ʵ
Ⱥ⵽˲ƽĶԴ˱㻳һè壬һ˽ǽɹ˺ķˣӶΪ쿪ѡ
Ⱥڱͷ֮󣬱㲻ϵϼӳ⣬û뵽ǣշӳⲻãر͵˰彫ٴ¾Ⱥǿ˾ģرϴ⣬͵˰дˡ
ԺУȺΪ͵˰һ꣬˺һֽ飬ȻΪ永ˣŪزԽԽӣȺڵļȻǲԺߣߺԺ㽫żתʡԺʡԺֽתԺ
ҶƽĸǸеԾ뽫齻¾ֵͬ־һ£ʷһҪΪ˶ܴ£ȥһ¡
쳤ȥ飬Ժĸɾܵ裬һ¼أ¼ίԲ˵Ҷƽ¼أдҶƽһС
֮ǰͼҶƽԲȻҪסԲ쵼һ˶ٷڶһе¡
ҶƽȰ永񾯸˹һйⷽһҶƽӣǺܽţҶƽǰ˵϶زϵͨµʵ
ҶƽҲûȥĻԣ˴ǰֻ˽Ҫ÷ǳֻù֪Ժˣǻô졣
ҶƽӸ񾯵ı͸оȷʵ⣬ֽ¼عַðйصȫ˵飬ֳһ񾯣ֻҪðȫһ̸
̸죬̸ͨҶƽ˽⵽ȥڹ˿Ⱥھһӵķˣ񾯽ǰ˺£ڵʱûнͨǱʾ֪ʱûֳΪ׷ӷԷĳײҲǺ£ûκʧְ֮
Ա֮䵱Ȼ໥Ҫֵ֧ģϾڰ참һߣ뿴Լͬ³ʲô⡣
ҶƽеЩȻͬ񾯣ǲҰӵûĵһЩʵˣ԰ӷչڵһŰе
ԭ¼عֳѷѾоֵθֳιֳǺ˽⣬ֻ֪ʱ¼عֹӦ޹ء
ڵֵúܴ¼عҲ뼱ԶһЩҲǺϵģҶƽڵ֮ϵ˵˵ļ˽֪
˼ǺܼҪϳʹ˵ΣҪȺͷţ͵˰Ҳܳ
˼ǼҶƽҲǵ飬ȥҲ޼£ƽһ¡
ƽ֮󣬵˵ļΪҶƽһ飬ڵ˼һ鶼ǹڸ񾯣ҶƽȻҲȫΪǽĶʵ
˵˼ĽҶƽ֣ʱΪʲôǹʹǺ˾ҲһӾͿǹ񾯷ʲô֮䷢ʲô飬ŵһʱǹ
񾯲ʵֻ϶Լץӷְ񣬵ʵò壬ۡ
Ҷƽڵʱ˹֪飬ؾֵı棬˼ãѷ֪֮Ҳ
ѷʱ¼عֳڼؽ£ȻЩţԹ˹뿴һ˹̬ȡ
˹˰죬绰Ҷƽ˽һԺȥ鹫ֵҲȥкҪ֪ίǼιֳԺҲӦίǱ棬Ҷƽƺֱӽˣջ
룬˹͸Ҷƽȥһ绰Ҷƽӵĵ绰ͰʡԺŵ˵һ飬ִʡԺ
һʡԺŵģ˹һ£˵Ҷ죬ȻʡԺŵ飬ίҲҪʲôһ㱨һ£ǹͬо
˹ȻԸҶƽжڹҪҶƽ棬ĻҶƽֻôӦȻίҪ˽Լûֹġ
˹绰ҶƽǱʷڵ֪ҶƽڼӲ죬⵽ջԼһӽȴǶ㿪ˡ
ʷ˰죬ԺӲ칤ȵԼίǣһ뷨Ҷƽļ쳤ְֻʱͣҶƽĲʡﱨ棬ôҲҶƽȥĲʡﱨ棬һɢҶƽᣬǰ;Ҫ㣬᷸ĴΪõĳС


648 һƬ
Ҷƽ󣬱ѵ˹㱨һ£Ҫѷٽһ£ȷûʲô顣
ҶƽĻ㱨˹۾һ˵Ҷ죬Ӿǹطĵ飬ûзʲôرǸѾΪ͵˰ļ˲ôΪΪ˷ˣǲЩ˵ʲô飬ϣҶܽʡԺ档
Ҷƽ˿˹ı̬һ˵ǣ鵱˷״ǲʡԺҲû˽ͨ鷢˼⣬һǣ񾯵ʱ֪ڳķӷˣڶ񾯷˺ΪʲôûѰԼȥ׷ˣ񾯵ʱûкȾƣɵ޷ظˣĴ޷ŷģΪ˰⣬Ҫе飬ʡԺ档
Ҷƽ̬˹ʼϲԼΪίǵҶƽ˿̫ˡ
Ҷ죬ȥٿǣΪ޷ʡԺ棬ҴίʡЭǲܴ참񾯹Ļԡ˹ֱ
̬ȣҶƽ޻˵ˣ֮ʣһǣƵûУ
һҶƽʵ⣬˹ͻȻǶ˹˽գЭˣɳְ
˹ĴʽҶƽΪɳѾʺϵι񾯣ǵ˼ȫȻеأҪ빫ϵͳ
Ҷƽ˹ǺãͰҶȥ졣
ϣ˹ȫҶƽʵ˹ʱûжȵҶƽ֮Ŵ绰ţɳְϵͳЭ
ҶƽȥԺ󣬿飬˹һӸƽ˵ʲô⣬Ǿʲô⣬ֲ˵ֻǲ²⣬²ԵĻǲд뱨ġ
Ҫ뽫ڱӴȲУ˹ԴԳַ̬ȣôӾûȥѹе飬ȻʡԺԺҪж죬Ȼ޷ʹ˹ִ֧¡
黹ôӳ飬÷¾ֵĸɾеһ´£һһʲôè壬ֻҪè壬˽⵽صͿԽһˡ
ʱʡе쵼ڽصҶðһʧʡžίǵѡռƣѰʷίǳ˲ѡ
׶Σ֯źͼͼ첿ŶյйʷĲľٱϣȻЩٱϲǲ׽Ӱ޾ʱص㣬Ƿʷ飬ؼʱֻҪ˷ӳʷ飬ȻӰ쵽ʷ
֪ĴڣҶȻΪʷҪһžΪ־ٱȫǲ׽Ӱ飬Ϊֺ޸ݵľٱͷʷ
žǿ֧֣ҶҲܹڷԣۿʷίһְѳɶ֣ʡҰȫͻȻҶṩһݾ鱨ʷڰ϶ĲľƬ
ƬǸڽӵҶƽĵ绰Ժ򽭶ʡҰȫԱƽģʡȫԱӵŵָʾԺ󣬱㽫ƬҶϣּΪܵĶǵȻҪȽʡίǡ
Ҷһӵ⼸ƬбһʷĲ鲢ǿѨ磬ٱ˵ľٱûдֻû֤ݶѣƬ˵֤ˡ
ʱʷίǵ鰸ύʡίίоҶ²˳̴绰֪ͨʡžʡίӡʡί֯ʡίռİ칫ҿᡣ
֪ͻȻʲô飬ž˾Ҷİ칫ң˰칫ԺҶ࣬ɨһۣ˵б䣬ʷίǵҪƳоίҪ½ѡΡ
һ鷢ֱ仯žɵǣ׷ʲôҪԭµˣ
Ҷ˿˵ϣλܣҸոյʡȫͬ־ҵļƬҿԿһ¡
˵꣬Ҷ԰Ƭǵϣž֪ʲôƬȵõһƬǴһ˿ƬҲһʷĲȻ˸ƬȻǹҰȫ˸Ƭһˡ
ǿʲô룿һҶʵ
ʡίռ̬ʵΪӦʷΥ͵飬ʷȻʺΪίǵĺѡˡ
ӡҲ˵ʷȻܵȥĲǮǴģ˭ȥģЩӦ˽⣬ίǣгҲٵˡ
˶ı̬žһӸеѹˣǱʷģ˵ʷĲе飬ڿɺãֱӴˡ
ž̧ͷ˵ǣҽʷְʡί飬ʵദ
žʷиΪһΥͷȥ飬ñȽϺõġ
ĻҶ˵ͷʡĻеҪദڲҪݾߣбܣռ˰еʷΥ飬ί쵼ʱ䶯ȵ鵽һ̶ȵʱٽо
Ҷı̬žҲֻܷˣ֮ռ飬ĿǰܽʷĲ飬ǿһʷûΥ͡
ʷǵ֪ʡίѾ׼ְоǹ˰Ҳûʲô̲סȥžž͸Ҫżʡίʱûоʱоġ
žĻʷŷҲ֪ʡίоģٳûоίһְûȥίԺĸɲǸеˣ᲻ʲôı仯ĻǰԴ̬Ҫ£
һʱ֮䣬е־ͱ÷ǳ죬һʷΪʤȯգһٳûбְʲôԭ򣬵ʡίٳٲٿίо£Ҷȼˣ˸֪
ռԺҲŷΰȥе飬ܲʷĻɣҪ֪ʡίԱһ϶дҪ죬Ҫ벻¶ͼĶڻС


649 Ҫ쵼
˵ҲɣʡίԺȥеʱ򣬰ɺݷ˽һֻ֮صУĲҵȫûбҰȫԱĹ
󣬰ɺճͶʸ飬Ҷƽһ棬ȻһΪûΣˣ鱨Ĺ
һʧˣΪҰȫ֮ԳٳûжȫҪڵȴĻҲҶƽеɻĵط
ڰɺһ֮󣬹һӱȫ˽Ӵͼٴδȫȡ鱨ǽͷȡ鱨ʱרŸصİȫԱȫץסˡ
ȫ̱ڵأȻϵһ죬һʱǱ˵
֮ԻΪɺķ²ΪĲ㣬һθŰɺȥ㽭칤סڴƵһƯŮ߽ķ䣬Ȼطˣһȫðɺ͵ĵˡ
õƬȫȻУټϰɺɫȫȫ˽ȥΪгԽӴһκ;鱨ɺЩṩ
ЩȫüΪܣΪᱩ¶ԼҲӦ֮ߣЩΪûбҪȥܣʹṩ˰ɺҲ㲻ʲôϵİοƽ⣬Ҳеܼ尾
Ұȫصץ󣬰ɺȫǸг⣬һ󣬹Ұȫؾƽʡίøϲÿһռ͵õһǰеȫĻᡣ
ȫΪΣҰȫ鱻ץģڽʡίֺȫԼһЩΥҼ͵飬Ҫ˻¸Ů˵ıȡǷ
ʡίĵһ̫ˣҪ̫ҲҪȥ̫ĵ飬ֱӽԱеʡˡ
ռȴǽǰУڵȫͬʱеʷ飬ȵĲʱ򱨸ʡί
ȫͻȻ£Ҳ̳һСĲе©ƫĸоΪίǣԼİӳԱصĸίҪһΰȻȫ䲢ܣȫĸһϵҲûС
ȫʡί鴦ǾʷʷȫϵУ֮нȫ鴦Ȼ֪ΪҰȫģȫ֮һЩ׼
Ȱȫ֮ĽиʡίԱҵ˽ȫӦӦԣһǰйصǮ˸лˣʵˣһֱûȫһ£ϰˡ
飬ʷŰһЩֻҪһίǣЩŲ˻ˡ
ҶƽЩ鲢ǸŸƬѾˣʷٳûܵίǣ˵ƬˣֻҪʷίǾɹ
Ҷƽ˵񾯵ʱ򣬽ʡίίЭʡԺҪмԺǹһĽۣȻϱʡԺʡԺظԺ
ӵĹҶƽһ˹Ѿ㶨˽ʡίʡίָ㶨ʡԺҪӸˡ
ҶƽһӵǰʡԺֱҵ쳤ѵ㱨ӵ߸ѵʱ˽ᣬ˽ˣ˻ݣƱػҪһܴβ͡
ҶƽĻѵҲеΪѣΪί¬Դ绰Ҫ˽ӣʱһ˽Ϊʲôè壬ֱĿǰҲûв鵽ʲôè壬ΪʲôҪȥ
ѵӵ¬绰֮󣬵ʱҶƽһ绰ҶƽʱҲӲܽᣬû뵽ǣ¬ѹ»ֱӾӸˣҶҶƽ˽ıϱʡԺ
ҶƽٴѵһʱǺΪѣòΪǵʡίˣҶƽǿҪ˰ȥ󻼡
ѵȻȥٿһ£ʵڲУϣִʡԺѵﻹЩԥҶƽһʱҲûа취ֻȻȥȴ
Ҷƽջȥû죬һ򱨵˿ǵһұֽ׫дһݱָʡǹ޹Ⱥڣ޹ȺȻڼѺʱȻûΪ޹ȺԩԺָٴν飬Ժ޽ιҪزһ¡
ıһԺ󣬽ʡίʮֽţͬʱ򱨵Ժ󣬾쵼ͬ־ǩʾָʡίƺ쵼ʾԺҶҲڱʾ
һոնµ飬ʡίòԼƷԼľ¬ʮŭǴ֮ȫΪ˹Ļ㱨
˹ʱҲʮֵĽţû뵽һҾȻܶýֶνع⣬ýһع⣬ЩûȥرҶƽԴ»һֱš
ȫոճ£ý˹⣬ȫһӣʡίʱܵʷ飬ЩýʡίΪίӽдѪܽӰ콵ͣʱȲˡ
ˣûڣʡίоϽίǴίǣʡ̾־ֳԬг
Ľ˭Ҳû뵽ʷίǵΣЩҲڴʷ̨øմ⣬û뵽ǣίг˫˫ˣΪίǣûмɲķΧⷴӳ˽ʡίӵĲΡ
Ͻίĸǣĸɲʡᵣְһܺõλӣ˴ο˵Σǲᵽطίǵģֳ̾ԬегҲ˵һãгԺ󣬰˹ֽ̾λӡ
ʡί֯˴ҶƽμεĸɲᣬԬ̨ϣֱ̬ҲһĹ
Ŀǰ˵һ裬һӦǹ˰ֵܼ֧ܲ£ܲܰһ
ȥʮֵľԬȥҲһгʮΪʡֳ̾ɲгǰʮֹҶƽ֮ǰûκεĽ飬֪Ƿּ֧ԺĹ϶ñԭʷҪǿ


650 ޷ĵ
˵ĵһ¾ٿ蹤һг飬ڴ֮ǰҶƽֲ鴦˺ü𸯰ܰҲǴһܷ߷ȻΣǾҪúõذ蹤ץһץ
У˵Ҷƽץ跽һף󼴽мίҶƽеԼİ칫ҡ
Ŀһ䵽˵֮󣬴˵ʡǵʱ˵أȻҲȫãһ˹ٳϰͰǵĹٳ̬ƻˣһҪʡίҪǿ裬ͬ־Ǽίˣƽͬ־Ǽ쳤֮˲ٵĹλ̸һ̸μǿһ蹤⡣
˴Ļı鶯˶նϸܹԱл֮淶ǵΪлûȨѰĿԣΪһ֮
˵һǹʲôɼϰϣĴܵĳɼĿ⿴ҶƽҶƽһ˵˾ţ˵Ҫϰÿһиܵƽ壬ֻҪϰսܵٵˣһȫ鴦֤ЩܵĹԱ̰ǵĽЩܹԱ̰
֮󣬵ͷǶλӲͬķץĴʩΪǿеģҪƶȽ͸ܴ֣еץãƽͬ־ᾫʢ¾ͽˣƶȽ跽ǶλͬŬȡȫеãʡίģҲϰ⡣
˴ĻҶƽеǳܣⷽĹǶĹһ֧֣ǿԴչ֣ѼԺķܹˡ
ڲʱʡίϢʷΥΥͱ鴦ʡίרһרпչ鹤ʷйصԱȫߡ
ĳһЩԱеѹʷϵеԱǲ٣Щ˷׷ױȥ̸һЩҲ½߽ʡίר飬ȥʱ磬ʱҲǵͷҴȥ
ʡίͬʱʡԺĹԱҲУʡԺҪǹٰǹѾع⣬ʡίֻʡԺȫ룬ͬʱҲҶƽ̸˻Ҫ󾡿ȻƽϢۡ
Ҷƽ˴ʡԺзȻͲʲôˣ˹ʱҲǲٷ԰ȥˡ
ʡԺĹҪҶƽչȫĵһʩǽ񾯺͵ʱ¼عֳѷԺʻ
ԭʻǵȥǵ˼Ժͳ˿ͳѹͻһӴ
ټԺһε飬һЩؼ޷Բ˵ֻýҵʱĹֳѷڸԼķʵлʮԪʵ˳һ滹лߵʵҶƽȻΪӣİ
ԭ񾯵ʱûǹνӷˣڴ˿˾⣬ƽʱЩţڷͨ¹Ժ󣬺ܼҵָ񾯣Ҫ񾯣ھƺ󿪳ҲȨϰˣ㿪ǹ˴ˡ
˵ĽҲ벻ģһ뵽ƺ󿪳£ǿǹˣһõˣôĹͻûˣᱻ̣һ޷ܵġ
Ϊ˱סԼһУ񾯱ѷ˻ߣѷʵҲҪ񾯵ʮǮΪ񾯱̣˴Թֵ漴ʱйֳ˹˻㱨˹֧ôȥУͰǮ˸µ񾯡
ȺûбΪӷĻѷ˹˻ûȥ£Ⱥ̫޹ˣƫƫڷȺӷ˵ʱѷתʾ˹֮󣬱㽫һ鹹񾯵θѵ˵Ⱥڸץ
񾯵Ȼ֪˹еãѷļԺʻУȻʮǮ£Ϊ˼Σ㽫˹˵˳Ϊоͬ飬βȫ۵ͷϡ
һ˹ͱǣ˽˹ίǼιֳмԺ϶ûȨʻʡԺʹҪʻҲҪʾص쵼ȥʻ
ҶƽʡԺĹԱһʡԺ쳤ѵ㱨ĵѵһǣ˹ʡί¬˻㱨
¬ȡ˸ѵĻ㱨㵱ΪβҪ󻯣Ȼ¬ѷʱ£ôͰζ¬ѷϣ˲Ҫ漰˹ֱˣ¬ѷ˵Ҳһ滰ǲ˾ҪΪ˹ҲΡ
ѵ￴¬̬֪¬ǲͬ⴦˹ˣ¬ѷѾ˵ˣֱ϶¬ѷ˵Ǽٻ̫ϳˣҪһ˹û¡
¬ͱʾʡԺȥһ˹˹ⷽ飬͵Ϊֹ¬ѷдͿˡ
Ҷƽһӣ͸о¬ڹ˹˹ʱ϶ⷽ飬һϣ㽫ȫƵ¬ѷͷϣ¬ѷǲƽˡ
ʡԺ˰ոѵָʾί˹ʵⷽ˹Լİ칫ҡڵؽӴʡԺĹԱ
һʡԺĹԱʵⷽ飬˹˵ȫ¬ѷʱûʾ飬˵Ϊо޹أҸ޹أµĴȻҪ˳еϿʺӣһҿȫ֤ûⷽ¡
˹ϵӣʡԺ˾ʵ¬ѷ˵ʱԺоȥ˽˵оֶԴʮģԴǲ
˹һЩԳԵ˵ʱоȥ˽ˣұҲȡйԱĻ㱨Ļ㱨ȫץӷ飬û˵ǹ⿪ǹ˵飬ʱ¬ѷѾұ˺֪飬ǿȥ顣
˹֮䣬ʡԺȻɣǸѵѾָʾֻѯһ˹ˣ飬֮ɣһ׷֮ʡԺ˾ûȥ׷ʣ˹ǲ׷ʣҲһæվʡԺ֣ȥԷʡԺ˲û³ԷǻصмԺȻҶƽͨ


651 ְλ䶯
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ʡԺİ참ԱҲеף쵼ţûȻǾͲټȥ
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쿴Ҷƽ˳ίίǣͷȻǸ˵ģȷҶƽҶ֮ĹϵǷǳˣҶƽôô쵱ίǣ֮ǰҲǼʱģͻʷһˡ
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֮ǰǼԺļ쳤ڵίǣһԺͬ־ҶеУ֣ҶƽǺǵЦţҲǵ顣


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ȻЩͬѧףְͷЩԹΪҶƽƵίίҶƽеίίȻǸӵظˣһЩϿ԰ǣǺϣҶƽٵй
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Ҷƽ֮Ҫη֧ӵ֧ӳһΪרҵģһԭ˽йӴΪ˻ְ˽еִҶƽΪ
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֪ЩҶƽҲûȥЩ飬ԼڵɣǶӳԺҶƽԶ˽չϸؿչȥ
Ҷƽ׼ȫ÷ǹͬʱзһ˵һͨ°յϰ˵ӣнһߣһɫĿ糵ˮ˾ɹգŵһһŮȴ
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һˣ˽еش̱ҶƽҶƽκһһдȤҲϵֳ
Ҷƽֳ֮󣬾Ͳ鿴ʬ壬ΪһһŮеֱ϶ŮʮֵʱУʮֵƯ
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ԷʱߺһЩƣ˾ûкȾƣȻ߾ͰԼĳø˾Ǹͻؼңһ·˵һЩĻ˾ǺߣҷӿߵʱͻȻһͬھ뷨ߺŮΪ³һžͰѳӿˮ
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Сᣬ¬ڴԬԼҶƽͬȥֽӲ죬ֵĹҶƽĵģǸտʼҲûиʲô裬˹ڵʱ򣬶ǮŪʯʨӻʲôģȻϼ쵼ιۣ¬ֻܵԭһЩط˿110ָģ˹ģ˲ٵǮǮ˹ǱȽϴ󷽵ģǹҵǮ
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¬һǱȽ֧Ҷƽʱʱ̵̿ذҶƽΣѰôһ˵ԼǲòӣҲǶӵľҪˣԽԽоˣ
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Ҷƽһ¬о¬ˣˣȥضˣ뵽ѱеľһվ¬ǣղ˵ҵľϲʵǣ˵̫ǲҵ˵ԿԣҾҲҪʲôǫ飬˾Ըϲֱֱȥ˵˻¬㲻Ҫ֣Ҿ¬һƣһ󱭣ȫˣ⣡
Ҷƽ˵꣬Ҳû¬˵ʲôֱӽһ󱭾ƺȥ֮治ɫҶƽʵж֤ľͬʱҲ֤һʲôˣʲôıУҪʲô䳰ȷʵж֤һʵڵˣ¬Դֻ˵¬ӱȽСһխˣһ¬ͻеˡ
ȻҶƽһѴ󱭾ƺ꣬˼ұʾ˾⣬һ˴󱭾ƣ¬ȣ¬ʩ˲Сѹ¬һʱ֪ӦˣǰľƱ˵ƽͬ־ľǿ϶ȲȻƽͬ־ѾƶˣҲúǲǣ
ȻҶƽȣ¬ˣϾ·磬ûӣҶƽһӾ͸㵹ˣеѿҶƽһѾһ꣬ȴЩܲˣˡ
Ǵ֮˸Բ¬ǣƽղ˵ȣƽ⣬ùⲻȥѱоƵС꣬ҲǸˣȻһһС
˵꣬¬ѾƵСȻԼֵһСƣ¬Ѿƺˣ¬оһЩһӰӸһˡ
һһ¬͸еҶƽͨʩѹͿģٵ˵ҶƽѿܱܿԼѿӺòһԲҶƽٱŷӶҶƽ䳰ȷˡ
¬ҶƽȻҲȥ¬ʱԬվ¬ľƣϵڱǢ˸оڣƽԱ߿ﲻ̾û뵽¬ûҶƽͷҶƽ쳤ʱҶƽͷԲˡ


659 
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Ȼ湤Ҫģٲ¬ԸܵӦ˴ĻҶƽû˵ǣǹǻͬʱץöԹٹԣµֵڲƣоֶ֧ӣרŸ𹫰Ķ٣ɲԣ
ҶƽĻһ˵ȥд棬ϳίоһ£ʡǱǲҪкǻʲô
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ЦƽԸЩֱҿ϶֧ˣʲôͲ˵ˣֻҪΪץùҪ֧ӣһ˵Ĺģ⣬¬Ǳúõкһ£ʵһ㣬Ҫ˼ץʲô
˵ǹˣҶƽæ˵һȥͰ죬ٴһѹˣ֪ġ
㰡ǺǣƽҲ˵ˣԺע⣬ҪɺãϵҲҪãĺܣǰ;Զ󰡣ǺǵЦţҶƽ
ҶƽҲǺǺһЦǣҾԸ񣬲һӴĻעһ⣬Ҫð˼ҡ
˾˵һỰҶƽȥˣȥԺ󣬾Ÿд棬о֧ӵ飬յйֵİ칫ңƽ˵绰ǲҪٿоʵ¬ָʾ
һƽ˵⻰Ҷƽ֪ʲô˼ˣ¬ѹأҲ¬˵ʡίǣӦǻҪʵ¬Ľˡ
ǵ˵Ĳ¬̫ѿʵӦһ£Գƽ˵¾ɣôĴʵʵʵԺγɱ潻ҡ
ҶƽͰ½˳ƽƽȻԸôȥˣҲȥ飬ƽ㰵иԴҶƽί֮ίǾû˶Ҷƽ𴫴ʵ¬飬Ϳһ֣ʾһĴˡ
ƽ绰֪ͨ취˾ĸԼ쵼ӳԱίᣬ¬ӲʱĽݽͻԼ˾ֵľֳӵ绰Ժ󣬾ʹ쵼ӳԱί
ΪλҶƽټģ֮ܲȴǷֽĻɳƽֵģҶƽûвμӣʡǻ㱨֧ӵȥˣԹǰμӻĸҲǷȫɳƽټġ
˵ƽ¬ʶִίֻѧϰ¬Ľݽͻ˲˽죬˵ƽ顣
ݽ±ȽϽǷԺˣҶƽĹϵϤǻԭʡԺҶƽйߵμ쳤ҶƽĹϵ׽һЩ˶еҶƽǣ˹ڵʱϲָʹԺԺǣΪֵһЩƨɡ
˵飬ûμӻĿյͶݽ˵Ҷûλᣬƽ֣ݣ˵᲻ʲô飿
ݽ忴˻һۣüͷ˵˭֪أֻλᣬ˭ֶһƽͺһףҶרֵİɣ
ȴ˵Ǵ¬Ľ˵ӦҶֲǣóƽ֣е㲻ͷ
˼ǡݽֹص
˵¬ｲһЩǵĻҶǻ᲻᲻봫¬Ľ־ܲסѹԲŰųƽ˵ƽ¬ͣʡ
о˵Щݽصص˵ͷʱҪʼˣ˱߽˻᳡
ƽıǳ⣬ææȥȵ׼Ժ˽Ȼļݽͻȴίǣҽ컹Ҷƽίд¬Ľģмλãݽߡ
ݽͻʱȴǸеЩŤΪ˶Ǹȴһһô˵ЩϹٳذ뵱ȥһְμӾˣǳƽȴ˵Ҷƽŵģκ˶ȥȥ뾭Ҷƽͬ⡣
ΪҪ˲ֻҲټƽЩνĹٳˡ
ƽͰ¬еĽ˴з˼ǣһҪһ˼룬ҪִίĹָʾǹ취˾ĸţششһҪίʾ㱨ֻȫƽĽͷչ
ƽĻϵǲٻлȥҶƽҪǼǿίã£ȻҲ¬Ҫ󣬶ٽҶƽԴίˣϾҶƽίĻᣬȥҶƽǲì
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ƽԺ󣬱ݽͻ˵Ժ죬Ƚһɣ
ݽͻǸĸɲƽȽʵǱ̬˾ֵľֳһЩҪһٽ
һҪǽݽ͵˵ͷǻϸίҶǵҪ죬Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ݽԼ࣬ƽȴüͷתȥûԣҶǽûڰҲҪʲô˰ɣǣǷ񴫴ˣĻǾͻȥˡ
Щƽüͷ£ǷǳĲˣûȨҵԺ쳤£
һ룬ͳȥԷ˵֣һ°ɡ
һ֣ݽͻЦշĵ˾ֳ˽гɷ֣һͳ˷֣˷ЦھͿֻô˵ǲ˱һ£ϾҶƽǼιֳֵ˽ǴһĶ


660 ֧
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Ҷ̬ƽͼǿ˼㣬ص˼취ңֱݽͻסײŵ꣬Ҳû˵뿪ί
ȵ֮󣬳ƽֺͷһ𣬷ֱƽƯ¬Ȩƣίҵ˴ڵĸоҶƽҲĴڡ
Ҷƽǿ͸ˣ˶̫ǿ¬ǵĽԸԴרί¬֪ˣһ£ô죬ֻҪ¬뷨СЬҿͻԲ˶ߣƽ˷һۣ򷶺˵
һæ˵ǣǣҶƽٴͣ¬ǰҲ㲻ʲôԴǣǻ֧һֱǲŲʣһҪÿ
ƽص˵ͷǴһͬˣŷί͹ְҶƽܿա
Ҷƽרȥһʡǣʡѩս㱨˹ڳ֧ӵ뷨ѩսĻ㱨бһҶƽոΣ뷨ͦడȫʡûг֧ӵģξͳ֧ӣȷһµķ
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ѩսЦǸãʱһȥܽþ飬ʺϵĻȫʡƹ㡣
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Ҫηʱݽͻһ绰Էǵĵ绰ҶƽûжʹӦˣڶǲģҪԷȻܲӦ
һ꣬ݽͻ䣬ҶƽаСʱҲһ˾վӭһĻкͷԺһԺͬġ
飬ҶƽϴЦݣк֪ҶƽԭԺǳӣȻҲʮϾҶƽίǣȻ˵쳤ҶƽҶƽίίίǣһ쵼֮ȨģοҶƽԭι쳤ڼԺźǿӰýҶƽС
ֱ֮󣬻ͰѽҶƽͼ˵һ飬ǴԴҶƽίԺǻûʽҶƽһ٣ʱ䣬ٷϡ
ҶƽһǺһЦʾûбҪһԳԷ죬ҲҪôʽ·ٷͶԲƵġ
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ҶƽǱ߳ԱģһͲƽټ飬Ҷƽ֪֪£ǲרίгƽټġ
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һҶƽ˵ҶǣҪ㱨Ҳֻ㱨ԭʱʲôӣʲôӡ
ݽҲ˵쳤˵ĶԣԭĹͦãƽЩҪҸоȫûбҪҶǣ˵һ˵ǽ󵽵׸ô죿
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661 ܿյѶ
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ڵӣҶƽƽؿ˽ӹ˵һ飬Ҷƽ
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ҶƽֱĿǣиܵҶƽĲԴˣҶƽֿʵˣҪܿҶƽҶƽ쵽ˣµ뷨ýסƽĴȣ϶øҶƽʰˡ
Ҷ֣˵Ҳе˽ҵģôȥֹҷֹܣ˵ˣʹӣҶƽһ
˵Ҷƽ˵㲻ԸֹܣҴһ棬Ͼֵίо
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ҶƽһµˣҶƽһµˣȻüܿҶƽ޾ϸ쵼Ҫֱܿǲ˼飬Ҳûа취ֻҪΥϸҶƽ˽ȴģǾͿ԰Ҷƽܿˡ
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662 ίϵķ֧
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뵽Ҷƽһ绰Լİ칫һˣһ顣
ӵ绰Ժ󣬾Ҷƽڹֵİ칫ңͱʾڻǲΪڰǸɳԺİ참Ա߷õ飬ΪɳʱȷʵܺȾˣǽӵȴ϶ûкȾƣ˽ְĻǿԽв鴦
˻ĻҶƽͰŵ죬ǼԺȫȨȰԱɳְֻȥˣ漰˭Ͳ鵽˭ҾϢ˵飬ң
Ҷƽָ̰ſ괦Աͷ¾ֵԱͬ飬ҶƽžͰ־ֽɳְ
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ҶƽΪרҵһԬվԵʮֵĿҶƽһΪûʲôҪһ£һΪҶƽ¬࿹⣬Ҳһ־η֮⣬ԽԽԵҶƽ֮Ĺϵ衣
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Ǿˣܲ쵽ҶƽԭҶƽ֮ڵ϶ԼֹȵϣԸȥҶƽʲôΪԼʸϣиŵ˭Ҫֱ档
ʵҲˣǸΰǰڵĴһЩϻҪ
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ҶƽĻǺǵЦţҶƽô죬ίίˣǰ;صίǣҶƽǰѾˣȻҶƽеίί
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Ҷϵ绰֮Ҷƽȥܺ㱨Ҫ˼붯̬Ӧľ裬Ϊ쵼ӦãֻûжʱһҲ᲻θҶҲǺҪ顣
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ջջ𣬵Ҳûʲô취Ҷƽ̫Ҳ̫ǿˣԿȥʲôôû˹ĿɽȥҶƽ¾ҪʰĻ½ܺá
һʱ֮䣬˵Ҷƽ뷨ȥֻҪܸҶƽӹҲǺ󣬲ܺ첻ԼҪҶƽȥ
תһ룬ʵһʼԼҪҶƽȥҶƽƽ£ûϵһȥԽԽûٻͷˣٻͷ
ʵҪͷĺѣʹ뷨һЩǰˣ˼ʧˣϾԼʵˣΪʲôҪҶƽĹѵҶƽҪ֧û֧֣Ҷƽвɲ뷨ֻҪйĶһ£ЩвɲͻĻ̻̣Ҷƽмܲˡ
ʵαصĵȥҶƽȫҶƽƽ
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һҶƽлΪ֧ӳ֪ӣһҲ˵ʲôί˳ͨ˶лԵ
ͨ˶лԵ֮Ҷƽٿֵίо֧ӾԱβζżѡѾֻصһЩ˵Ȳ뵽֧ӵĶȥʵ֧ӵ
ǲϾֻص˳˶ԭԱ⣬ҶԸ⵽֧ȥΪ˵֧ӵҪȥѲ飬׼ڰ칫ңһǾ͸оôǴھֻ칫
ĽҶƽֻ˶˻زţ̫ˣѵǲ֪һǾֻûµˣҪǸϵһȥ
Щ˵Ȼ֪ҶƽѾ˼ѾˣΪҶƽûΪ˭ȥͲ˭ȥôѡѡѡȥƻЩûûȥЩһûб
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żѡΪβΣ¼ΪԲԲлԵԲֲһлԵԲԭΪӦ˹ģżѡԲģ磬˹ʶҶƽԱֻԱμӶ֧ӣȴǺ޽չȻǿЩ˱ԵֻԱμ˶֧ӡ
Ҷƽ˵Ȼֻû˱ǾʹȫнкѡʱЩԸȥ֧ӵˣȫ참һȥ
żѡҶƽĻû˵ʲôҶƽбЩȥЩȥˡ
ҶƽҪȫнѡζ֧ӵԱ˵ʵڵģ֮ǰ뷨ǺһǵֻԱ£þֻڲԱμӣڼȻû˲μӣǾͻǺѡˡ
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671 Ԥ
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ڴѧרҵѧϰ鱨ѧרҵзĻӦ鱨ƲǣһĻйϵѧѷ־ֻصȫռˣֻýŵɳȥ
ѧרҵƽʱòϣᷢЩɧ´ƽʱûйԱͺǲιٴһѹˣ˵Ǹձҵѧˣ´ȥ
Ȼֵɳ棬ﲻʹ죬ǸҲԸµµΪһЩ飬ڹһЩΪǳõĽ飬ȴó´Ǻһ٣Ϊڻȡ裬ʵãӴ˸е
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һ뵽ĻǾɶҲˣûа취ų´Լڰ칫ҵʱ̵̣͵˳´İ칫ϣһ̹´¶ЦҪСԼҲһֱɫ
̵ķϣ´ͬ˸¸ȥڸµʱ򻹹˸һСӺúõؿˣɾоֵˣ
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ȻЩ뱨֧ӣĿоֻأоֻȻ߸ϣԺҲ죬㹫֣ۻ˲
űżѡȥҶƽѱҶƽһ£Ҷƽӹݹı˿оô˱Ϳѡš
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֮ҶƽûжɫȻͰѱ˶żѡϸչ涨ѡΣѡ˲ųʵ֧Աȥ
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Ȼ˽;֧ӵ֧ӳ໥Եһ£˽ȥξ֧ӳþ֧ӳ֧ӵ֧ӳ˽ķ֧ӳճˡ
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άӵҶƽĵ绰֮󣬾Ҷƽķ䣬ȥԺҶƽ͸̸̸ְ£ܵ˹ˣѾĻ䣬û뵽ҶƽʱҶƽ룬һʱʾ˳Ĭ
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ĬһᣬάͿ˵Ҷ֣ңٻȥ죬ƿǱߣĺá
û뵽̬ȣҶƽЩ⣬û̫ãʵ죬ǱûλӣƿƵĹҲҪȥƿҲǿԷĲܵġ
ҶƽηƿƳӣάƿҪҲ֪ǲȤڣҵǱҲǸɲãٴ죬ұ֤ѹɺá
Ҷƽ룬оάҲһиԵˣԼηƿƳҲھܾҲһ˲ţԸ⵽Ǳȥһ칤ҲҪǿһõϵ˲š
һ룬Ҷƽı⣬˵ǺðɣȻԸȥ죬дһ룬Ҫȸ㣬Ǳ߲һλӿɸɣҪ׼
άûְλνȻҶңҵȥ
˹άһۣҶƽ˽ˣе㷢仯ͳ￼һ£͹ά̸껰֮󣬹ά˳ȥ
Źά˳ȥҶƽһ룬˽֧ӵ֧ӳҪ֧ӣ֧ӳϲҪ֧ӳάǿƼɲԭ֧ӵĸ֧ӳڸ֧ӳѾˣҪǵѵҪһͨԱ
Ҷƽϸһ룬оʣȻҪͳַĲܣһڹҪչڰǷεģڰ츱֧֧ӳεģеĻùάڰ쵣θΣרŸڹ
оͶ뷨Ҷƽвɲ̸ЩвɲԼеĵʮֵľһҶƽİ칫ܵˣҶƽʲôҪ󣬶ҪҶƽǰ¶¶һҶƽŵĺһЩ
ЩҶƽƢ˽ҲֱʲôҪǿܵȻҶƽǰ¶ʱҲ͵͵ȥһҷȡǵ֧֡
Ψһûй㱨ľǽ֧ӵ֧ӳ°°Ÿƽ֧֣ͬʱϵУ϶ҶƽҶûҪܵҶƽǰʲôڡ


672 ˢ
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Ȼʮ˵Ҳǲ٣кԱ࣬ίİ칫α˵绰˵Լҵڻɳ˵о˷ǵԼæֻðæȡԼݵĺϡ
ŷԺĸ߸ԺҲ˵绰ҵĺҪô죬ҪôְλԼûźãҲڻɳæչ¡
ȻǼԺļͼ鳤˵绰˵С˾ıڻɳţǾһ˲ţæԼҵСӸнȥ
ŵ쵼кø˼һЩӣίи쵼˵绰չˣȻԼҵݵ֪ϢҲ˺üϵҲҵһŪŪȥкľжʮʮû㣬ҶƽùƽؿѡڿôŪ
ȻһʮԲˣɸΪֻ֮ʮڴкľȻʮȻ˼˵ˣ˼Ҹţ˵кԱ̫࣬˼ҾΪüˡ
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ȥżѡֻȽбԣһǰմк˵ҪԴСȷ¼ȡǹֵڲпЩ˿ҲνǽоֶѣҲΪƽȥ֣ԱĿԣϵ˾ͽ˹ԱĶ顣
һοżѡЩϵһֲҪ쵼ȻǸԼкԼӾ͸ӣӣҲôԼ
ѡΪԺԣҶƽҪģðҶƽҪȥ죬ԵĿ빫ԺУʦģҪйؾݾͷ֪ʶһЩɵ֪ʶ֮ǰҲ߿ˣҪϰЩĿԺ󣬶żѡ룬׼ЩкĿһĿǸһ룬ͿǵԱ̫࣬ʱһȥͻɲõӰ졣
룬ѡˣĿרй¶ǣҪչ˵ˣԾͰĿй¶ȻȱãȻñԹء
ЩкԱǾҪˣֻҪǽԣԼͺչ˵ǣҲˣǶԲûչϣҲû˵
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ȻҲǵпܻʲôè壬ܳΪ˵ڻңһ뵽е٣ǹѧıҵ˵ʲôоҲһ˵е
죬¾͵оָĿбԣ˿֮󣬾ͷһЩʶ˶ԣһǸɳ񾯣֮ǰȽϤһ˾شк¸оһ㣬ѧǺܲһͨרƣμӿԣ϶ϣҲԳڻҵģҲν
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һŷ֣ԼĳɼҲͨĺܣʮŷ֣ĿȻп˾ʮ˷ֵģҲмģϤ񾯣ԳɼȻ˾ʮ֣һӰ֮ķƽˡ
Ժһӣ²ûȥȻһʮһ
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ЦǺǵģˣ֮󣬳´רŸһ绰ô˵ôȻ´Ц
ЩԣɼҲһˣ֪֮׼ʵøﻹȥǸµȴǹȥҪͶ̫õĽȴ̫пᣬϵǼͬûõĿʲô뷨ǲǸоʲôè塣
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ȥ뵽ίǱȥһԣҪȥ棬ҲҸ˸ϵһ£ɳʱʶԭڼԺڱҶƽίĵ壬ȻǺ죬ܱȲʶǿ
Ը¹ȥίҵ壬һ飬ɳĹô¾ǰ̾ӣӣʲô顣
¾ͰԼоֶ֧ӵ¸˵壬һ֪о֣ûпϣ㰲οҪһлٿ
ȴ̾ϢʾӴ˲ٿˣȫڻңԼԵĶˢˣԻʲô˼
һô£ô죬¾ͱʾҪӳһ£֪򹫰ַӳûãίӳ뷳Լһ쵼
ίߣҶƽ൱ίֹǳƽίӳ飬ֻƽзӳǵ岻ԸֱӽƽĻоãͰѸ¸ܵί칫ǣŸȥƽ
һæʾлÿİ칫ʱôڰ칫Ŀ͸۾Ƭ͸ˣͶΣиͬ־Ƿӳ飬Ұȴˣ


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һ˵˷ӳ飬ǱһӶҪ˵һ϶Ҫһ٣ƽӳҪ
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ίǱ֮󣬸ȥй֣й֮ȴŸȥҶƽҶƽĸ¥칫ҲǸ˵ˣôȥңֱȥңǵְ칫һʣ˼Ҷƽûпȥң
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һȥͿҶƽڰ칫ǰŹ㼱æؽһҶá
Ҷƽ̧ͷһ˭ôܵԼİ칫ˣĿ⻳ɵؿ˿£¼æҽܵҶãй־ֵ񾯣ҽи£ѧҵӳһЩ顣
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ŶʲôҪӳҶƽܺͰ˵һ
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һָоʣίǹֳݣվòվӣҶƽЦһ£ʵھ־ʲôţ
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ְ˵һ飬Ҷƽ֮󣬵˵ͷûκεı̬˴ιп֧Աһ£ҪżѡһҪƽոտѡ½˴绰ӳ׵飬ֻûԹѣڸֱӹúúùһ´£һʶżѡô¡


674 ֮
Ҷƽĵ绰żѡæһ칫ңһҶƽİ칫ǱЩ죬֪Ҷƽʲô¡
żѡ֮ҶƽΣ֧пԱ¸ôˣ
ԱԸսżѡûüҶƽ㱨пҶƽһæ˵ո꣬ûпʼҶǷҪھȡ㱨
ҶƽûлشĻָŸ˵ΣλǴ˴αοĿӳпдڵ⣬ΪԼıԷǳãȴǷǳĲеǳ֣֪ΪʲôӣҰһ¡
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Ҷƽȴ˵һ¾УҲʲôзӳҪ߶ӡ
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ҶƽȨڹ֮ϣûйȨͳƲʲôȨȨλͲǵпҲԣǽһССĲԣλķڷ¼ԺǸԿԼı֣ȻһٵĴ֣ǲǹƽҿˡ
ҶƽҪżѡڸǰҲ˵Ļֻɥ˵ȻҶǾˣԭԣԵ¾Ͳμˡ
ԸμԣҶƽΣ㻹ǲμһΪãȥ֪ͨһǸˣμӲԣû⣬λͬ־Ҳķڷˡ
żѡֻ˳ȥ¿Ҷƽͬ²μԣʵежҪ֪Ҷƽ׷ǹʣһǺçײؾ͹û뵽ҶƽһĻе̫ˡ
Ҷֳǲ̫çײˣ·ЩӣĿ⿴Ҷƽŵ˵
Ҷƽһۣ˵ңڸˣȥú׼һ£ԣеǶ֧ӵĹԱҪҪԭԣңҺһ㣬Ϳıˡ
Ҷƽ˸һ£һ濴ǹѧҵģһеϲ棬֧ҪԱ
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żѡ뿪֮󣬱ȥ˷ҶƽҪ½Ե£ǷǳԵģһ֮޷ҶƽľҷֹҶƽΪ
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ʱ򣬶żѡֻˣóֻһģæ½ͽŷ棬˵µίӳ£ȥ
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⻰һ˵żѡɫͻ䣬ԼԼҲеǴӷ˵Ǹе𾪣һ룬˵֣ûΪʲôҪô
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ҶƽѹżѡȻǳԲҲҪˣͼҶƽ뷨ĻҶƽ˿˵ǲǲ׽Ӱڻ¶ۣȲҪżҲǲ㣬ﲻ̤ʵǳ֧ӣܵܶĿģ˲ϸҶ䲻úãûñķڷûԲпҵһʧҪһѹأ㲻ΪѹصȨûаɣ
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һҶƽһĿ˵Ҷ֣ǽҪ½𣿡
ҶƽһЦ˭˵Ҫ½ԵģǽֻǽһСԣǶԹˣҪԼʵһǾͿʼϣܺúñ֡
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ҶƽͻȻһ٣żѡоϺܲÿ˵ҶΪββϸĻҴְˡ
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żѡͬҲ֪һʲôΪ֪Ҷƽ뷨Щ֮ҶƽЩμԵľ쵼вɲ˵ҿôû⣿
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ͷеҶƽ˵ĺеһ¹ɣҲ´һ飬Ҳ֪˴೤ʱ䣬ȹͣ»Ӱ쵽ǰ̣ԻȶΪ


678 żѡ
㱨ԺҶƽרźͶżѡ̸пЭְοЭΣϣܷ֯š
һҶƽҪпЭְżѡǳ⣬ʾԼһֱ¹ԿƼϤ˵пЭְ
żѡ˵ȻǲҶƽİˣҶƽһ˵ѧȲҪż˵ȥȥٿһ°ɡ
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ҶƽίǣɲżĻȨҶƽҪߣûùȥеˡ
һ룬żѡеȥҹֲ֧Уûй֧֣ˣֻепЭȥȥˣܰĹˣгǣҲֻˡ
Ȼ֮ǰϵһ㣬ʱҲ˲ʲôˣͨƽȥȥĵܵϴҶƽϳ˼Ժθ֮ǰȽ죬ȥܰæ
ԺȻϵͳˣǶϵͳ»ǱȽϹģԴӵ֪ҶƽίԺǸеЩϾҶƽǨˣһȨƼʢίǡ
ڹַҲܹģżѡҶƽ̸껰֮󣬱ԼһԷ֮ǰһڼһڹ֣Ȼְλȶżѡߣ֮ĹϵǿԣԴһ绰ͰԼˡ
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Ҫ˵ȿѣֻҪԼڣƳ¾ʲôܴӦ֮ԸύԼˣύԼƨµλãԼһλϣ¾û˰취ύԼ
ԼƨµλҲյĿģյĿǴȡ棬ҲȨǮף䵱Υıɡ˵һͣȡľ档
ͷӵ̺ܾҶƽеԼĲһĶ֣ǿյĶ࣬͵Ķ࣬Ķ࣬Ȼ֮ǰһֱŶдʵϸû̫˽⣬ҿûóȻڲȻ취Ը
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684 Դ
ҶƽһأûдˣΪĹᵼ¶֧λ֮ضôԺĹͲÿչˣԴҪۺϵĿǡ
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Ҷƽ껰Ժ¬ʤ˱̬ʾҪܽѵٳ̬ԺҶƽͷлԻʲôҪл԰ڰ˵ûУˡ
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ΪҶƽ治ڣ׼ȥҶƽȥһҶƽˣϸ˹Ҷƽһͷ˸ͷһۡ
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ҶƽһۣҶƽһӵգ˵ھȥ˴ӳȥ
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Ϊصίǣڸɵ÷ˮԽԽԵøˣҶƽϵרŵιѧϰϣͨҶƽİһЩһЩʡ
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һȺ˹Ҷƽļ˶ˣڵ˳سԱѩǹֳ÷һ򳤣ʵ÷õļЩͣӦһǵ÷ҶƽĹϵ⣬Ҳˡ
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ҶƽĿıǼ֮ϣԱѩ΢ЦţԵԽˣȥȫͬˣʡĴڳڿչݱԱѩҶƽһ飬Ҷƽ֮оһĹץˡ
ԱѩһᣬԱѩȥϢˣԱѩҲеʱ䲻ˣҲҶƽȥϢҶƽ֣׼ȥ
ȻͷЩҪҶƽ˵ʱҲ󷽱ҶƽһҲֻðҶƽͳ⡣
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700 ҪԳ
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701 
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702 
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Ҷƽһ˵ػȻ̸⣬һرܣȻͬ־Ҳ˵òʹ죬ɲԣ
Ҷƽһվ״쵼ӳԱһҲǼæҶƽҶƽߵĻҲٴڻ᳡
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һûʲô⣬תҶƽƽǣ̸һ̸ɡ
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703 
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ҶƽĻлصص˵ͷ֪ҶƽѹǿʷѹôҶƽֻҪҶƽԸΪǳͷҲûб°ô
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704 ڳ
Ҷƽ͹άһоһ״ڳĹֻв֪о֮Ҷƽ˻㱨չڳĽ顣
ڴ֮ǰ˵µļܵһЩŹҲǷǳߣҶƽҪչڳȻҪӦģҶƽǰ˵ǣеĺڶѾ͸һЩȨȥˣЩڶڱ䱾ȥʴҸɲڴڲڴڣҲڶڽǣǣĳЩɲҪǶǵʱ֧֡
ҶƽĻееأƺҪ󱣳ȶĿ겻һ뵽Ҷƽͨڶע⣬Ҳĳɼ֮һʡְλһİһ룬ʾƽģǣһ˭˺ڶͳ䵱˺ڶıɡҶ֧ãֲ֧˵ģһʡί㱨һҪЩΪڶʵŻ׵شȥ
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֮ҶƽԺ͹άһʡ㱨£ҵѩսרŻ㱨дڳĻȡ֧֡
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Ҷƽı棬üͷЩҶƽոհѷߣͿչδڳжٶȺÿ찡㣬Ҫ㵽һѵὫȫеĺڶӸȫ
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ĳץ֮Ҷƽھ£ǰΥΧΧչżԺͬ־ȥĳйԱ
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Ϊ£ĳָʹ˽һίһϵԱˣϵԱȻϷãĳһ״ҶƽЩȫھһܴ塣


705 򱻴
ҶƽӾίݽһݱ棬ָȨ֮Գֺڶ͸ԭͿ͹ԭ򣬿͹ԭһЩڶͼֶͨȡúϷͬʱҲΪıȡ֮ṩԭǵطԴ⣬ݹᣬԴһЩ˳չһЩȽѸɵĹͨڶӲȡǷֶﵽʵһΪ
ҶƽύȥԺ󣬴ǳӣרٿһڳίᣬо㵳֯⣬Ҫ㵳֯Ҫ֯ɣһЩӽ뵽ȨȥһЩͼͨѡвֶջȨҪϼ棬ֹֹĵ֯һҪദ
·ͨͬʱҲĳ·ôΪ䡣һĳСţĳȻһӰûнϸߵελԱҲɢֻ߱֯
ֶŻҶƽڴĳԺ󣬸еǵ廹ܴ󣬲˵ֻǳֹǣ弫󣬶ҲֻҪչ
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ԺҶƽˣԲίǹֳͬͿˡ
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Բ̬֮ҪίҪãȫ潨ƽˣƽ¼ù
ԲίǵĹ㱨ҶƽҪҪȴͳȻٽƹ㣬ذȫ
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ιֳƺ²ӣҶƽһᣬι߳ȥһᣬ¾ֳһղ˵˾ȻڶִҶƽ˾ȻҶƽĽһ˵Ż񣬼æʾ̽˸ץ
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Ҷƽ죬ҶƽһԷҶƽһ룬ǲԸģͻȻ뵽µ飬һæ¸һλӣֻҪλӣ˾ͲСҲΪ֪۸
ֻһƼɲе˺ܷգ˶֪Ҷƽýµؽڰ칤÷רҵʡ
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ڳԷ֮ǰҶƽһкһ˲ϼңһ¸ĸһУҶĸ׹ſæţһˣæվֱ壬Цݡ
Ů湤Ҷ͹ϷǳÿȻ˵ҶƽڵĵλˣûһĽģҶڵģҲû±¸ǣԴʱһ֪Ҷƽ֮ʮֵĸˡ


706 ͣ
ĸһЩҶƽҲûڼ೤ʱ䣬ֻصسǣس֮ϵФСſȼͬѧФѾίǣſҲѾε浣򳤣⼸ͬѧ࿴ҶƽǣϾҶƽͬѧҶƽϵһҲǿɿ
ҶƽԺФ֣ǺǵЦţԴҶƽԺ󣬾ͺټҶƽˣҶƽǺܼҶƽԽԽˣǰԺغҶƽ˵ŻͻȻеôˣƢҶƽ˵ˡ
ҶƽûиеԼͬѧǰʲôϣֻͬѧǸеӦˣټФſ֮ȻǺǰһҶƽǰһФкſ˲
سҲҶƽһԷҶƽҲܸߣſҺȣȵһʱеһߣµ£æµһ¹
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극֮ҶƽҹϻУ𣬿ѰԼߣҶƽﻹеһ˿˿ܣΪ˹뿪ˡ
صԺҶƽּӴڳȣ͸ȨеЩӣһѶҲǱȽϴ󣬵ҶƽҪŬƽȥ
ڽʱһýعϢע⣬֧ӵһͣýķ飬ͣǽŵĶͣһصĴΪ˳ŲȻͣͣͣͣԺһֱ²űߣһҪȡǧǮͣѡ
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712 عⷵ
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713 ֶ
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714 Ӳ
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Ǻһƣû뵽ǣ鵽ĲƲԶԶĹƣڳ°ļѲд浥ССпܼƼһٶȻķﻹŲٵֻŶƽΣ˴򿪳°ĵʱѻƣһ
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Ѳ鵽ôĲƲ˭Ҳ˵°һ̰٣ƽʱ°ȥҲǺأû뵽ôĲƸڵΪˡ
ںɶԳ°ĲƲʱʡԺһֳָ̰ˣӴǣֳ֮򻪶ѯ˳°ӵİʾʡԺҪӣȻѵ쳤㱨
˸ֳĻʲôҲû˵ͰѺ鵽ĲƲγһݱ񽻵ֳһ°ļͥƲô࣬ΪһͨĹְԱôôĲƲ˵ûʲô⣬ԩˣһά°̰١
˰죬ֳҲʲô˵ˣһ˵߼챨һ¡
Ȼ֪ѵﱨĿģߵԱѵһ绰绰һᣬѵĵ绰ʹֻ
ѵӵֳĵ绰֮һ룬žʹ¬㱨мԺ鵽һ¬ʲô˼һˣЩҪ˵̫ף¬ʾԣ뱣°һ£˼ûбҪ绰ˣʲôҪԩˣԩԩԼûѵ°̰ǻӲǰ̰𣿳°ôҪһԺôԩ
Ȼ˼ھͰ¬һ£¬ָʾ¬һӵĵ绰ʲôҲûж˵ֻ˵֣֪ˣ
һ˵ѵＴ֪ٸˣҲûˣһǧĲƲţ¬е£ίǲˣһŪǳԲ˶ˡ
ȻƲ¬ٸ£ѵȻ򻪶ʩѹΰ˰Ϊ˲¬ҳʲôëֳϻһӰˣڰͬʱҲ¬ִʡԺ˲
ѵ绰˼ѵָʾȻٵʲô͸ֳһ£Գ°ٴνѶʣó°ʵԼ⡣
ҶƽҲõ˻ı棬ѵµָʾҶƽ֮Ҳͷֻ࣬Ҫ֤ݣκҲ̰ٸ̳˸ôһᶷס
һ³°û뵽׽һ㣬°永ǧԪϢʱִУƽ֪鷢ת䣬¬ӵѵĵ绰ԺҲûи绰¸Ƚϱ°ȽСһкͿԽˣǳ°永ôһкѵ֪ʲô˼һδˣͷȻͶԳƽˣȻͲٸʲô绰
ûʲôת°ڼԺţͬʱ°һǧƲ£ƽԼǸеˣҲû뵽ԼĵܻܵӵôǮƣ˵ʵڵǼҲȱǮˣܵܲӦôʵǲпģ°ôĲƲĸеҲ޿κˡ
֪ǣ°֮ҪôĲƸʵΪȱǮΪȨһ׵ĹߣֻҪ£ͱøǮ¾Ͱ첻ȥ˼°ȻٿöԲԣǲһָΪССĸ簮ʲô¶μӹԺŸ׵ıӻڹڽڸγӹΪԸ񣬸ûʲô˼ˡ
ô֤ݵѹ£°ٳٴӼԺʵ˻룬ʼ⣬ֻҪһͺðˣԺ˺ܿĽ˻¸һЩʱ䳤Ҳǲˣֵͨ飬Ű塣
Ѿһزǳ°ǳƽʵˣʱͲǿ˳⣬ǿǳ°ᱻж⣬Ҫⷽ飬ƽΪ°йϵ뾡취°ĴʱͲҪȥˣҪˡ
ȻʱҪԺæˣܺãöԵ˷Ժһһأƽеֻ࣬ҪзæӾͻðöࡣ
°һʵҶƽ̾ͿʼµĽ֧ӳѡ֮ǰѾòܺΣڵȻҪְ
ܺʱû뵽°ĵ̨ᣬ뵽Ҷƽ֮Ҫ쵹°ǡǡΪ˰ѾʮܹͣΪ֧ӵ֧ӳҲǲˣȻԼϹίĸΣ;Ҳǰﲻæڽ֧ӳλϣҶƽĻȨ
ҶƽһҲǶҶƽһ̵ʶҶƽǳᣬȴǷǳ˹ͰѾ쵼ӳԱ֮Ĺϵ˳ˣȻµɫҷǳˣҹĻԣ쵼ɲܲŷ
°ĵ̨ܵҶƽڹٳӲҪ֪°˵Ĺٳһ׺ģ˳°һңֶӲֶζУ˲ͻֻΪҶƽίίҳƽȰѳ°̳ʱҲûҶƽԲŻƽ˾ڳ°Ѿ䶨ķ˾Ҫ


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˲ܺλӣܺʽν֧ӳһְŵԼӹܺ첻ݸһЦСˣúøҶֳɣǰ;
˲ܺĻʱΣҶǵҪߣԼӦˣԺʲô̽ҡ
ǫӣܺǺЦҶֳᣬҲᣬֻҪúҶֳġ
˵Ͷ֣ǸܵҶƽְ֮ģڼԺһͨĹԱֻΪżȻĻҶƽ˽ӴҶƽ˲һĲܣȻͽείΰ칫ҸΣ֮ûʲôĽ飬ûʲôܹٵΪȫҶƽЯĽ
ί֮ȥʱ٣ҶƽҲûжٽӴȴֵΰ칫Σһ϶ǱҪȻҶƽΪʲôε
ֻԼ֪ô£ʱܺʵҲ̽ĵʵǵûʲôʵ˵Ķʵ
˲ܺİ칫һְʮÿ춼ǵһϰ࣬ҶƽƽʱþͱȽ磬һǺ⣬еԼûôˡ
ʱҶƽ˳°һ£׼¾ᣬǺϲдź֣˵¾Ǻᣬ¾ñ˿϶⣬Ϊ˼Ѿ˴ˣһǱֽϾ¶ҵң˵˼Ǻ˼ҾǺˣ
ҶƽŸµʱͷһ粨죬ϰ࣬һֵĴſڣͿһõ߸һŰֽоܴۣ߹ȥΪʲôС֮Ķ˸ǰһһ
дŵĶʲôС棬һйҶƽĴֱ
ֱֶʧܶˣû뵽ʱˣҴҿһͿдҶƽһЩ飬˵Ҷƽڹڲų켺ֱɾ벻໥ᣬȡ棬кüСأԭ칫βܺвԹϵڲľҶƽˣһ٣ֱͰҶƽдһʮ̰١
еԼĸ첲ڲϴ²ŰֽҴܵйֵİ칫ңæҶƽһ绰Ҷƽȥ칫ҵ·ϣӵ绰ԺֱֽҶƽİ칫ϡ
һɨֱϵݣҶƽ̷ԸϴȫѲֱִֻڹſһţط϶Уȥȡͬʱ֤ݵĹ̶
ҶƽʱӦŴֱһڱܻΪֱ޷ܡ
ֱдȫһЩ²֮˵ʲôų켺ⲻϸߣѷͶżѡ˸Ūˣѵų켺Ц˵ǴֱɾֱǵߵڰףֻҪֱɾﶼεĶȥ
벻˸һ𣬹ΪĽ֮Ĺϵ岻һһֲ²ˣܲκϵɣ
˵ʲôСأܺвԹϵ֮ܺˣľҲǲ٣һҲʶвǴֱͷ˵٣ǿЦѵһЩˣΪˣ
ŴֱϵݣҶƽ֪Щ˵Ŀˣ޷ڰܻڵϰնԸܹԱЩ֪İһŲǼ٣ֱӾͻģȻҪԼˡ
ֵһкܸҲײ˭ɵģʹˣ˻ṥСûҽܴ֮֮ܵ𺦣Щ׼߿ʼˡ
Ѹٵ·ԼһЩҪ·νѲ飬һûĴֱһѲǷ˺ܶ࣬ΧΧȺǿæ˽ֱ˺ȡ֤
ЩȺһ˺ֱͷһǹҲ˵ʲôõѴֱ˺ˡ
·УίǰҲУųʻίԺʱ򣬿Χʲôڳ³̽һ£һʲôȵ̽꣬ص칫ҵʱ򣬲֪йҶƽĴֱ
Щֱݣ˼һᣬֱִĶǶûмˣȥζֶǾļͨʽ֣ͨƪһЩϸߵĻ벻ֶּһڹһίίһǳص¼
ʱ뷨ڴֱݣһһЩʵҶƽ˽ģдŴֱˣһܵҶƽˣͼҶƽֶһϰջ벻ϰҲܵҶƽĴҶƽίί֮λǲܽӴͨϰյģϰҲܵҶƽȺˣдŴֱһĸɲ
ʱҶƽѾίԺί飬ôȲܣǱðַ±ί
ҶƽԼǰʱ򣬴̴Ӱ칫ǰվ˵ƽãίԺſڷ
ҲһŴֱҶƽ˵ǣΪ¶ǾſڷֵĶһŴֱ
˵Ҷƽɫ˵ǣŴֱдÿһ£Ҷƽ飬˹ңܻҵҿǲڱңҲĿģͼƻȶҪٿίίо⣬Ҳ֪£֮ۻԽԽ󣬵˺ίš
Ҷƽͱ̬ȣдֱ˵Ȼ֤֤ʲôΥΪеĻǾֱίٱˣдֱ޷ֱִ̰ܻǾǵˣ飬ҾίоԺͺ˵飬ò岻ף˵¡
ҶƽĻıҲ࣬ӣҶƽĻ֮ˣΪҲȷʵƻȶûиݵȻдֱִڹΪģôԺ󻹻иЧ£±Щ˵档
һ룬ʾƽ֪ͨίңͬо£סΪ


716 Ҫ
ӭųеίίٿˣٿһίίᣬҲеʱٿһίίᡣ
ĳίǲ֪ٿλҪʲôһ½½˻ң˻֮󣬾ǾطִҶƽ˻ҡ
гԬҴҸŰֲҲ߽ң۾ҶƽˣҶƽһŤͷҲ
ίһ֮󣬴һ˵ôѴټһҪҪǸոڽͷϷһŴֱ澡ƽͬ־֮ʣӦƽͬ־ҪٿγίᣬоһŴֱҪһص¼Դһ飡
ŴֱǶ˶Ȼָĳίǿһĳίʱв֪£ùһһеĳίҡҡͷȻһҶƽҶƽ࣬ʱû˵
Ҳֱ˿оҶƽǵˣ˱ҶƽˣҶƽһΪĵж治࣬ⷽȰ˵ҶƽҶƽΪȻΪ˼ƣȻҪ磬˭Ҳһûչˣֽţôȥ£˶ΪԼ⣬˭Ϊҿ⣿
ǸӣҶƽηĳֻ֣Щжȡֱֶεظһ£Ҳ£ڳίᶼҪо飬ǻܲס
쿴ҶƽһۣҶƽȻޱ飬סԱ߿ĿʣоõҶƽһѱȻζԴˡ
ίǿһȦ󣬶ﲻ˵⻰Ҳ˵ҶƽҲǳί˹һίί浽˭ָʹĻ˵ǳίָʹģڿƵ˵
ôʲô뷨Ż飬ȴҿ㿴˵
һʱְ¸ô˵쿴һȦ󣬸еҶ˵˵һ£һ˵ֱϵĶҿˣһЩƽǵԴʣƽǵȵ쳤ίǣڹе˲ˣЩűƽǣıӵֶΣΪⲻһΪһҲ㲻ĶղŴ˵һ¼ͬҪרŵĵ£ƽǵһףЩҲܸ̰ɷҪһ£ʵʩˡ
̬ȫվҶƽһ˵־жһɫ־ϵУӼԺȥϣ־ȷһ·ԻȻٷ
־иܵͶĿ⣬һ룬⻰˵̫أ˼˼һ¾ˣҶƽûʲôޣҪҶƽһΪУ
ҿ黹ҪһΪĿЩ֮ʣʵʩߵĿҲǲҪĵȥ£ǲдŴֱ˵Ըˣҽ䴦ҲһŴֱܸŵȫеȶϣƽǻҪһ־пȥǳ͹۵ط
Ҷƽһۣ־е̬Ҫ˼ǱﲻҪµʵͷҲû̫£ͷ£Ҫ飬Ϊ̹ҲҪֹС˳ݣպ־е˵·Źˣôͻܵ𺦣һΪĴڣѱֳ飬Ǿûûˡ
־еһмίǣҲеΣҶƽģίǵı̬ҶƽЦ˵ƽǣҲҪϣؿһ㣬͵ҧһĽֺͷ̧žˣҪЩ˼ƽϣһƽϣҧ˿϶ҪҧλòʧҲǸһѣһ£Ҫȥ
ҲǿȥΪҶƽӣҶƽҪƽϴ£͵һưͿȫ˵飬ĿԲ£ڵǣ޶˹һίίһ˶ӵعаռϷ磬ȴûɢ±ֵ֧֣֧˻λϣЩ˻ţҪЩףҪۣûʲôƽˡ
˳ίǵҶƽԼҲ̬ܲƽ˵ҽҪٿγίᣬҲҪ˭˭Ҫ˵һܲ¼дֱΪڻûˣΪֹ˵ķڵҪ⣬ȥίңʲôԵĵط֯ӳҪַĴɢҵ飬ΪҸе𾪣ҲΣڰûǽжʣҲûǽб⣬˵дЩ´ڲڣ̰ٵĲܻҵǵֶεóˣŽ󻹻Ƶ¼һǵͻƻˣһҪǾѵĵطҸνǴӴϿֲҸ˵£Ϊ֤ҵףͬʱҲžٳ޶˹˵ҽһԴֱϵݽе飬һдֱ˽е飬֮ҿԭǣûκθݾ˵ңҪҵǸҾҪ󡣡
Ҷƽ̬ȣ˵˵ҿƽͬ־ķǳã˿ԲƽϣǴ¼ֱıһĿģкгȶķչ֣ڳһֿܸ˵󣬸ɲԾٱ󣬵ǲУŸ˵СĿдһ˴ɲֶΣƽͬ־ƽʱȽϼԭпܵһЩˣЩŷƽͬ־ǾԲģǲܱԼĸɲôǻܱ˭ƽͬ־ǵĳίҿͰչͬ־죬£鳤ͬ־ΣδдֱˣǺ󻰣Ҫ
һľҶƽ֮󣬻ǱʾǣһֱϵݣҵûЩ¡
Ҷƽ֪ίǹ˼ӣ˵Щ֮ʣôȴǲ֪˵ΪЩ£ҪǲҪԼ׻ǻָ
ҶƽҪԼһ룬ʵһ̬ҲǱҪģͬһһ´ֱдݣȫָҶƽס


717 Ϊ
ֱ̳ΪһըԵţеĹٳҶƽ侲Լİ칫۲ΧһУҲʱڴҵѾһ̰٣ֱƻ
ݳίҪֱ¼ʱ¬ʡ˵绰ֱ¼ܴĵȥ飬Ҫ˱۵ȨʹƫҲײȡֶνе飬ܲˣǲ顣
¬ҪôһΪ¬ʡίίǣҪҪܾð¬Կķգ¬ҪҲԻģ˵عȨɡ
ɲַ˵ȨҲܱҥԴˣȻͷ¬˵ȴû˵
¬֮޷ڵ֪֮Ҷƽ⣬ҶƽЦһ绰ž޷ٲִ£ûĻָʹˣĻҶƽֻбйˡ
¬ĵ绰һ룬ز£Լί²鲻ֱǵֽˣ뵽һ绰Ҷƽ飬ô졣
û뵽¬ʱһţҶƽʱ¬ŭˣ˼ֱԸ˴ĻҲûж˵ʲôö飬Ͳ飬¬ץסʲôѱ˵ùȨΪ˽¡
룬ίĵʵ޹ˣûй飬޷˭д˴ֱ֪˭д˴ֱǾͲָܲʹˣûȥˡ
ȥԺҶƽﷴһ룬ܾôˣһĴڹͻвȥ˻ȡһЩôоûȥˡ
˰죬ͻȻһԼΪˣҲҰȫһϵϾ漰ֱ¼Ϊʲôܶһ¹¡
һ룬Ҷƽ⣬±ȽУֱֵĹԱ飬ǿ϶ǲеģ¬Ȼл˵ֻȥϼˡ
Ҷƽһ绰ϵϣԼ˵һ˵ϣԼæ飬ȻĽҲֱӷǰռʡȻתﵽί
ҶƽĻŵӦҪ󣬴ֱ¼һΪе飬һҲӦģʵ˽빤
Ϊ¾һ䣬Ҷƽ˼ҵܸҲûʲôеĸɲǿµ֮˽û顣
°ܻߵ±ߵмԺƽѷеһ飬ƽ󣬷صǣҶƽڲô˰ɣԺг°ȴʲô£ΪһˣǶǲ
ƽ΢΢һЦҪǲһΪǵϵ⣬ôԾôԣһίίʲô˲ġ
ǺһЦҿǻһ㣬ΪԼܣôô죬ûôףһһҪȥ
ƽ˵ͷƤزߣҲŲٵѹҪó¾øæǸʲôƬһ
Ƭ˼һ£ǲǲʱֱ¸ոսٳһƬ»¶ˣҿһ˵Ҳ٣뿪˵ĻټӰѻ𡣡
ƽ˵ĵҲǣȾ䣬ʲôʶȤĻǾٸһӡ
Ҳ˵ͷ˵Ҳ¬ǰǣ黹пִйأǵǱȽϱˡ
ƽ㲻õģʹ£ҲԼȫеҶƽҵܵܣ˵ʲôҲܾôˣ⣬ҵܵܵ㻹öæȡмꡣ
˳ƽĻ˵ȻҲ֪ԺҲί쵼֮£ҵҶƽ£ݽǱҲһأҵܻ᲻ͬ⡣
ƽҪ뷨ƹҪ֪УҶƽӣҿʡί˵尸Ǹʱ͸ˣڲô
Գƽ󣬷ȻܲӦһɢȥҶƽڳ°Ժ֮Ҳûȥ£˾ؽдˣֳ˴ֱ£ȻҲû˼ȥ£֮󣬱㿪ʼ֣ԺͷǼķٽеԼİ칫ңȻպв£뷨Ϊ°УȻ°һྩĴʦб绤ϵطǳĬ͵Ϊ°ᴦˡ
һжʼķչƽҲӳ°ץ˳ֻҪҶƽ뿪УʤߣȻ˲˭ҶƽֻҪҶƽһߣ¾ͻᴫ֪ƽǺǵģ
ڴֱ飬Ҷƽܲܣĩʱ绰ԼȥһطɢɢģдԼСʱ·̣ոճũĵطҶƽƽʱҲûֳɢĵİãʱ䶼˹ϣ˻ĵ绰֮һ͸Żˡ
йֳʱ򣬻Ѿ˹ֵſڽҶƽ̧ͷһͷֳҲڳϣΪɢɢģȰѳйˡ
ֱ˻ĳȻ˾ֱȥʻ·ʱҶƽͻȻһͣ
֪ʲôһæʵƽô£
Ҷƽһʱû˵ǵĳ·ͣһֶӣֻһԽǰʻȥӳȥʱ˿գȻһ绰ܺ죬һĳƺţһ˭ĳ
ôƽе֡
ʱҶƽ˵˸ǣղŹȥܿɣǲͣں涢ǡ
˭ǣ첻ʵ
ҶƽҲ֪Ҳˣϸ磬ҿҽɣ۵㡣
һһɣ˵˭Ҷֳ˲ɣ
Ҷƽô˵ֳҲˣҲûʲôͷۣԸ㣬ʲôֳʲôˣֱѾңȥ˵Ϊܵ󻧣һЩ⣬һЩˡ
Ϊ󻧣ظһ䣬ƽ˼˵ˣ
Цһ£Ҷƽϸ磬ѵ㵽ڻ֪е쳤ֳһû󻧣ֻΪֱһֱûгʲô£ǿûʲôѱץԲ뵽õֶԸˡ


718 
ҶƽĻһļ˵ϵܣ㲻ҪģиڣǲҶôֱ֪¶ܴ󣬵ҾҲûʲô׽Ӱ֮£ûʲô˲ģ㣬ҿûá
±ȽϺţƽʱСڣЩΪҲǲܼ㣬乤ǿ˼ҸɵˣλӣȻ˵һˣҷԴʵǿҲҶԸһҲȥˣ;Ƚ˳˳ˮ
ͬҶƽ͹ͬҲ沨һЩõԼǰΣȻԸЩʺϹٳҲǲȨˣ׷Ҳһ׷ǹλ׷ǽҵĿֻǰκ۵㽫ҵһӰ죬ֱ¼ɻһĸá
ڳҶƽٵ⣬ҿԼְ뿪ٳҲҪѴΪҶƽеģͬʱҲΪԼ޷ҶƽеΡ
ƾԼڹŹľͱ죬Ҷƽ׾ʶûг޷ܣֻǰˣȵ֮󣬻óӼʻ
ҲҲоҶƽǣԱûټҶƽˡ
˽֮󣬻ҶƽһԱ߻һ꣬Ե㣬ҲԳԷһ۵
һķ羰ԱҲǲ࣬ҶƽʱһЩþûֻиһˣһַ豹ĸо
磬طĲ羰ʣͷǺ̫࣬ôѰõطģҶƽ³ЦŶԻ˵
ЦŵһֱУ֮ǰûз꣬ҲһѴģҺ棬ﶼȥ㣬ֻ֪ƴʵһҪѧݽϣȻǲãʹˣôƴˣھ֮ʲôطȥ
˻ĻҶƽЦڿǳгһ̯ӵأھԬгͬ𣡡
ǺһЦԬһץľͷҪǵģȻںңҲܵ뼱ڰץ˼ڴҲǲҪˣҲԬٲʲô϶ݵˣֺαΪأ
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Ԭгһ޾ϸˣǳгɳɼѵԸԼ;ΪֹˣҶƽһ£Ц˵
ҵҵ컯ܵλþǵˣ˾ӶߺҲǵ˴ЭЪȥһŪҲˣԭʱҸû뵽ԼίӣһгȻؼȥɡ
˱߱˵ȻߣķԱߣ˹ȻָҶƽͻһһѡ
ѡһطҶƽֶԻŬһ£ʹ˾ӶҲҪ뷨θ˴λЭϯʲôģҲҪλӣϸҲԲˡ
ҶƽĻֻϵܣһ˵һе˼ˣίǲǰˣ˭֧ңϵ㣬ʱҪҡ
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һҶƽ˵˵ƽ࣬˵˵Ҫץʲô㹤
Ҷƽһ۵˲Ź
û뵽Ҷƽ鲻һ˵˲Źʲôģŵģ²øɰ
ҶƽЦϸ磬㲻֪Ԭг׵Ĳʿ˼ҵĲξͲһĸߣҪչ˲ţû˲ţ˻Զף˲мЧӦֻҪ˲ţ˵ķչһԽԽãҲ϶ԬгĿζֻҪĿζ϶֧ģȨȨҪõĶࡣ
Ҷƽṩһ飬֮һĥоһֻǲ֪ôҪ֪˲Źɲ˵ܸɵģЩвȥҪ˼СУǿ϶ô׵£˵Ѱ
ϵܣҿǸ̾һ䡣
ӣҶƽû˵ʵԻ˵ҲԼ뷨ģֱ¼ʶطһЩԱų⣬ʵϵµĻָʹߣֻû֤ݶѣ³ԭҪطţԱţ˲ͨûаĹٳҲдֱ¡
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Ҷƽ˵Щ飬뿪һҶƽҶƽһۣȻȻ˵˵ЩҲǲ֪Ǵӻ߳ˣʲôûЩĸɲĸɲֻҪƽƽӹӹظһ죬ֻҪʲô϶ȥˣûа취ǵ۾ֻŹλֻҪɵ÷ϼ쵼ҪͿˣҲУҿⲻԸȥҲԸȵؾͰʱȹˣǧĹٳªϰôγɵģֻά֣չ˼ѾڵʱȫˣһҪҪչҪ£ܰͰ㣬˼ȡȻ˵ǰͰĺãòҪʲô£ùͬģ۵ҲһĵܲⲻȥɣܲܿͶߣȥӲӲɣΥˣܲܽǷݰɣҪˣҪܵ˵Ĺ˵𣿾ܣ


719 
Ҷƽ̬ûͳ˶һҪ˵ʱֻˮͿʼҶƽһˣһ߳㱻ƽô͵ˡ
ʱҶƽƽһ飬΢΢һЦҲôسңȴҸˣ
һ˫صĻ֮˵ϵܣղŵĻˣͨ˲һͨҲǳԳԺȺȣӣʹҲȿǸ˵ʧ㲻ͬд־ˣһ֧㣬ȥҿҲԸ¡
Ҷƽһ˵磬˼ǡ
ܵһһ̣ʲôǣʵˣеЬñгһģҲģһжڱôôĲҵֻҪЩǰѱ
˻ĻҶƽϼ޻ܵܵ۵ͷϲףȲҪڳŵסǵĿĲóѡ
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Ҷƽ˳ۿȥʱһ֪ڸǡ
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ȥԺҶƽָȥһ绰һʲôڱƾˣЩ˸ŪýͷöҪһ˭ڱ
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һҪ´ˣӾѹ˵ҵĽһǱˣʲôʹΪҲҪǱȨһֶΣ϶ǾǷ̰ĻԺûٸ˵ˡ
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ӣҲǲʾ˵ǣֻȷסˣƽǱ˼ô㣬ҿҲûڰ̰ǣʲôɣ
һ˳æֹôɳˣбҪо⣬ͬԽۣʲôԷͳƽԼֱδҪƽǵûʲôõ뷨ͲҪ˵ˡ
ҵĿһȫתҶƽǱòᣬҲŭԴ֮ǶˣΪҶƽҲǻȥˡ
־棬ҶƽȻʮֵƽ֪δһܴ⣬Ųǣʵ̫˷ͳƽˣҪҪˣɻΪСд֮ӣԺ˹ٳˣҲûȥȺҪ
˿ңҶƽ̧ͷ˵Ȼ˵˵Ҿ˵һ˵δ˼ҹΣҸνؿҵҪ󣬵ȻûʲôҪ󣬵ǵøҵǸ˵ŪˣûŪó֤ҵЩ


720 ϴ
ҶƽĻԵñȽϴˣֲɶԷ꣬Ҫ󷶺ƽҪǸֻҪǸͿԸһ䣬ǸҲеĻǲԸġ
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ҶƽĻеǵǵҲ࣬ղȫ֧ҶƽҲǱҪģԳҶƽĿҶƽ֪Ŀģ˵⻰֮л磬ллˣΪң㶼ˡ
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722 
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Ҷƽйͨ¬ָʾһ¬ָʾҶƽǸе̫ˣͷôѵǵָʾⲻΪĳЩ˿аˡ
ƽ¬Ƿ˻ˣҪȫҲУ㿴һֻҪ永ģһµĻᣬ永нصģһҪõ鹤֤ʵˣýʲô̡ͶҶƽ
Ҷƽ״˼Ȼ¬ָʾǴίǣǵĸϵ£Ҫ¬ָʾʵķӦ¬ͻл˵СҲһ߹涨˼϶ȫ⣬¬˵ȥ
ӴҶƽϵٴͨѶ¾õķһ̶֤ݣȵ֤ȫȷʵ֪֮ͨƽ˵ίȥһˡ
˵ǱȽϵһˣʵ¾֮Ľ٣ΪƽĽܲ¾ʶԭڼԺ¾ò̫Ҫİ˵ĽͲǺУ֧֣оͷᶯ
֪ǣ¾治˵佻飬һ˵һЩǮƵ飬ܻˣһ˾ٱܻߣϣˣһΣҶƽ֪Ժ󣬾ĲˣԲŻҲΪ¾õıɡ֮һ


730 Ů˵
Ƚӵмίĵ绰ӵ绰Ժ󣬷ǿб򶨣ȥί֮˵ʣ־ܵģѾ˶Կί׼
ƽӵίĵ绰֮ͻȻоԼѪҺӿҪ֪ܵܳ°Ѿͽ˼ٱͽĻǼˡ
Ҫ֪Ѿ¬ڼίҪ֪ͨȥʻ͸еã뵽Ը˼ί֮ͳˣһ룬ίԺ¥ȥҴ
飬Ԥ£ҲֻдܸԤ£ҶƽҲģмίҲҪģֻҪԸְܱסܵϵ׷
û뵽ƽȰԼ¾֮Ľ˵һӣû˵绰棬µ绰֮óƽȥͣίǣǼίǣ˵ûá
⸱̬ӣƽ֪Ҳˣеʧ֮ʱ̴ˣȻͽˡ
֪ίڵ飬һ˵Ǽæȥһ£绰棬ûд£¾֮Ľѹϵûּ˵ĶίǲǲҪ棿
һӵĵ绰ǸеЩֱ֣Ӳִ£ЩѰ죬ϾίǣĻһҲӰ쵽ദˣǾ˽ΥΪίǵְˡ
ĸ棬ʱûʻ׼ϳίᣬгίǷҪȡʩͬʱҲҶƽͨһ£˵µ顣
һֱΪ˵飬Ҷƽ֪к̨ų̂ǲһϵǲһ֮ݹϵö֮Ϊ˵飬ֱӵҪ󣬵Ҳǲô
ֻϳίˣѷƽԼ永ȫύ˳ίᣬɳίо׼мίǲȡ˫ʩһڽĵ绰ԺȻ˳ίᣬеЩ
˼ҲɵӣΪԼ˽ֱӾ˫治˫ύίоίûͨû
鰸һύܶ˶˵Ϊԭ˭˵˭˰鲻ǣȫҪ쵼һ仰ֻҪҪ쵼һǾͬ⡣
ʱҲﲻ˽˵飬Ҫڳί˵Ҫ¼ڰģ㱨İȽأֱ˵ܳ¾û¸ʮԪɲСĿ˭˵˫ǣ
Ҳ˵ֻñʾ˫治˫мίΪмίĹ涨һ˵˱ʾͰмίҪɣ˫˫棬ƽ˾ƽ˾
ҶƽһУҲû˵ʲôŵģ˽飬ҪðܴյģҲĿŵѾ˺ܶ࣬Ĳٶ˵ʲôȻֹôл˵ˡ
ȫмί˫棬еĺȺ֮ԴҲǶҶƽûκεĺøˣҶƽںͶҲǲģ鵽¾֮ʲôͬҲװݵġ
Ȼ¾Ȼ֮нǳ¾ûи͹ʲôǮƣһЩ飬Щ鲻Щ̨ϵ˰죬Ҫó¾죬ĽУ¾ñƤ׳ԼȨǮ׵һ鵹ûС
¾õ黹ǣһɲȻѾй̵λɲǾ˹˹ΪְȨ룬¾һ£ǣ㱻ίͼԺ˴Ӽܳ¾þ޶¸飬˳¾ðһɡ
Ȼ¾ڷչ׳ĹлһЩԱнӴмһЩ쵼Щ쵼˽һĽȻĽҲΪ¾õķչ׳ṩһǱϾֱɡʣЩ϶ǲܵġ
Ϊ¾һĹְԱʮ֮࣬˵ǣԱǳһ󰸣Ȱ취ԱͬʱҲһЩԱһβǿֻǣһˣһεǿ˹ڵǲֻкһˣ޷ˡ
ӣҶƽǸеЩƣǻһźûɣǾǺڹʼûбץϷĹɾһңûҵڹӰڹƺһ˲ӵʧˣ֪ȥˡ
¾ðӵԺͼߣݳ¾õУ¾ǹˣõȫþüŹ˾
ھþüŹ˾Ĵ󲿷ֲƲΪ¾õ߿˴ίǵ˾ְȶûнþüŸעǽþüŽΪ˰õõ˾ĿȨҶƽĽ˾£ͬʱЭдðõͳһٴĽаѹ˾
ھþüŹ˾ʵǰõͳ˵ģõȻռ˾ҶƽҪ޷ܾ֮ҪΪžӪ˾ԸٸĽˡ
ҶƽľٶĽЩԴףһʼԸõͳæҶƽ˾ǽõĺãõ˺ܾɣҲܴҳ¾õĹ˾һҲǲԸҪʱпģõͳûǮһʱֻĽȳʳǮȻתָõͳ
ĽҶƽһʱͶеĸ߽űЦŶҶƽƽǲǱˣôԵ޹ʰһСӰ£ﳣ⣬ǸõҾЩְѵĴˣ
û뵽Ľ˵ҶƽЦǴˣ˴ҷܰˣֻΪûκεĹϵԲŰ˾֮ǰͲʶŮһеԣŮˣҲҲԸһغ£ϣܺͳһѹ˾չ׳󡣡
Ҷƽ˵Ľ˵ǳ¾õŮˣڰ¾֪ˣҪԸˣ
ҶƽǺһЦҲõģʲôʲô̹̹ģʲô
ƽŮ˵ϣ㻹ҪСһЩ㵽Ҿ͸оףְõһ˾þù˾˻ԽԽˣ֪õ֮ĹϵỳڵĶΪһϴŮ˰ɣĽ˵Ц
Ҷƽüͷһ壬оһЩڵĹٳϲһЩԷ֪£ΪȻ˽Ҫžõ֮Ľץסʲôѱ


731 ҵ
Ҷƽιֳ˸£˳¾ŻͬʱִСССŻʮеΰõһ׵ĺתʡ͹йֱַһȹ밸Աõ˼νһʱ֮ȫйɾǸеĴҶƽѸʼڷֵҶƽķṦΰ
һЩͷβϴүǴյһ𣬱£˵Ҷƽʲô۽𾦣һۿȥ֪˭Ƿӣ˵ҶƽúܺڣǺڰƵģ˭˵ҲûãӲǰǳ¾øסˣ˵ҶƽҲ̰ٵĿǣһץ˺öĸܷӣûҶƽǴ»СС»ˡ
һҶƽɢģڽͷβ£֮ҶƽҡҡͷʵԼĲԼӦ飬ϰȴΪĪĹϰյǶôᰲ
ϰȻ˳֮ģǹٳһЩܵǿʼڮ˵öŮϵͨ¾һռ˶ǮƣⲻǴڣ˼ҳ¾õǮƣ˵ʲôĶУڲͬͬһ¶ζеЩ޿κεĵط
ʱʡ洫ҪϢҶƽȻҲ֪ȥһʡǣҶҶʡְʡίһְžΡ
һϢҶƽﶯһ£Ҷһߣžǣ͵òҶֱӵ֧ˣҶͬʱԺ׼ʡίǡίβɳνʡβϵԺ󣬶Ĺһ֧֡
βһΣǴȥץ˵ʱҶΰģҪνʡҲǶβɵһˡ
ʱûдȥֻ֪Ҷ϶ҪˣžʽʡίǣһûܵϣһԸˡ
ڴҶҪߵʱҲҪνʡʡϢΪرʡ֮䣬ͬʱԬȻҲŽӴİ࣬ίǡ
һʱ֮еĹٳ£бصĹٳҲһζε˴κЭϯݣٶߣҲҪŵһĵǰδУе˶ڶʱȡӾӱͻɥʧһҪλᡣ
ҶƽȻίǺ͹ֳʱ䲻Ǽ֮ǰεļ쳤һְҲˣһУְǷᶯҲһûȥ࿼⣬Ҳһ˼飬Ҳ˵λȨء
ȻλȨأһЩȻڶȻⷽҲǺܾ˲֮УίǼιְֳعȨȫ˴бصһҹҵȨˣελΪȫ˴ͬʱӵйĿȨۺУԬʹ⣬һ㲻ġ
ӪôһҴ͵ҵȨȻҲһбµˣٳҲǴĽɫҪҵתٳҲô׵£ԻҵȻû߳ƵȨӵϰڵҵʲҲǺ˲õ飬ûа첻ɵ¡
ΪгȨ֮н˵ԸƢҲЩг˴Ԭ֮⣬Ҳǻˡ
ƽʱнȨҶƽҲȤҶƽѾίǹֳȻҶƽǰ;ãΪһҵң֪ͶʵҪԣ鵱ȻҲҪͶʣҶƽʱڽͶʡ
Ȩһ룬ûҶƽҶƽȻ쵼ίǣ֮ûʲôҵϵϵ£ûһ¡
ȨרΪҶƽһ֣ӵ˻ĵ绰֮ҶƽԼһȽεĻԷĶϲһЩ˵ĵ֮ܵǰ˵ǴûҪ￴һ֪ﵽʲô
һ֮Ҷƽֱ˽ȥѾרŹҶƽ֮󣬻ǴЦ˳ӭ˽ȥ
ȥԺҶƽǿȨԱ߻ŮӣŮعŰ칫ҵŮְԱרŹͬҶƽͻ˺ȾƵġ
Ҷƽ֮ȨҲǴЦվҶǣӭӭ°ɣ
ҶƽЦ˹ȥȨ˵ȨܣŴˡ
ȨǺһЦҲǾҶǵĴҶ˴ڣ˳¾ŻǴҶеǳ˷ܰǰ¾ǵǹ˾£õʲộûˣһЩõֶΣںˣ徻ˣⶼҶĹͣ
Ȩ˵ҶƽݸһЦڴҶ֮ʣҲû˵ʲôˣȨҶƽ֮󣬱㽫ŮְԱһ£ҶƽҲ֡
ȨҵĴܣƴ֣ƽʱʡ쵼нԼҶƽ֮ҲһִʽͷҶƽҲ˽⣬ڻܵԭȻҲǰ˴磬Ҳ˶꣬ǰҲֻܽһ硣
Ҷǣǲݣ֮ȥ裬һҪhappyףȨѾƿ˹ԸҶƽϣȻˬ˵
ȨĻҶƽ΢΢һЦѾƵˣȾƵǲ£ҪԼȾܺˣԱ߿ЦȨܣƽǾɣ㲻
ȨǺһЦϻ㲻ҶǣҶΣǽҪſȣ
ҲǵһȻŮְԱҲǵ˱ӣŮӳúˮ飬ȥǺܾǿɣʱǲͣؿҶƽ֪ҶƽһʲôȨô
Ҷƽһ첻ȶǲˣԾǷſȰɣӰˣҲϢһ£Ȩһްɡ
Ƶ֮ȨǰһӾƷǰȻҶƽֱ˵Ҷǣȸһȸʶơ
һ֮࣬Ҷƽһ֪ȨҲ֮ܺˣȻҲʲôͻȨСˣԾʹãҾȨһ
˱һŮְԱǶƣŮҲǴ󱭺ȾƵӣҶƽ֪ӦȨ徭ıרͬ˵ģȻϧ񣬵˼ԸôȣҲûа취ͺλŮְԱһ˰ɡ


732 ȥ߿
ĽܣҶƽȨʶˣȨΪܣҵʽʹźܴȨǰϸԼʮִ󷽣һϻ˽Ǯ˵Ƿǳݳˡ
ҶƽȨʲô£ϾӪҵܲһӪҵܶùԱеȨıȨĹܾû뷨ӪӪڹܵһҪ飬סλҪġ
ϲ֮ҶƽҲҪԼĽ棬ҵܣ쵼ĸиҵҪӴһ£Ȼίǹֳ̫ˡ
Ȩƺһúܹ㷺ˣһΣרҶƽİ칫ȥҶƽ֮󣬾Ϳİ칫ǽϹֻ˸ʯ
һЩҶƽǸеЩ棬ȨЦŶҶǣ칫ҵֻҵֻЩʯҲǴѼģ㿴һоõĻá
ҶƽЦЦȨܣûãٺõֻҲǿʲôղŰɣ
ȨǺһЦϵܣλӣ϶Ҫϼ쵼򽻵û⼸ֵǮĶô쵼ȥһλ쵼ϲ͸
һȨҪЩͽ쵼ҶƽЦҪǰ͸쵼쵼϶ҵģ˵ҲȨ㾫ղصģôö֮
Ȩϵܣ˵ͼˣ쵼ϲǮϲĶϲӹţϲõֵĶǶյУֺһ쵼Ҫֺõǲǣ
ȨĻҶƽһʱĬȨȻڹٳǶԹٳȴʮֵϤִ߼Ȼǲȴоһ쵼֮ĹϵǱζˣһֱûйֵ뷨ˣǾǻú¼ϵӹˣͻһ˵ʲôҲûô
ҶƽĬȨЦϵܣ㲻Ҫ룬͸ֻҪʲôæղصֻܶ࣬ȥ͵ǹܱԱĹʸߵöࡣ
һ˵ҶƽЦȨܣǴأһˣǴߣ˵ǸıǶܱ࣬ȡ
ȨһЦҲǸ࣬ǿܸıǻ࣬㿴һæϢʱ䶼ûУǵĴǾ̫ˣЩԱˣҲйء
ҶƽȨ˵ǣнˣʵ಻಻ܿٸҲģǹܴͰɣǻвٸܵĹܸ˵ֹģͲǸܵɣǸܵԭ֮иΪǵƶȲȫȨûеõԼ
û뵽Ҷƽ̸ܵ⣬ȨǺһЦҶǣҲҾǸоǵĴ̫ˣǵĸǵòȰ
Ҷƽ΢΢һЦʵε쵼ɲֻǿˣʴֻһ֣ǻŸϵĴǽǮܺģǿʴȷʵȣһǵеĸδʹǹʣҲһУҵһʶ
һҶƽ룬ȨʱЦ˵ҶǣȻᣬ˼ȴǺȣûпǵݺӵδ֮أ֮ЩδҪʧˣǸʱһͨˣҪĿ֧ͻоЩ׽ˣҲΪʲô֮ǰ˻񸯰ܵԭ򡣡
оȨⷽЩ׵뷨Ҷƽ˵ȨҲҵˣȻҪýǮһЩ⣬Ҿãݵʱǵ˼϶ʱ˼ˣǸʱѾˣҪôǮʲôŮһѾƸǺܺŮɲţͲҪڲ֧ǣŮǲɲţʹҲҲûá
ҶƽⷬȨǸӲСҶƽˣҶƽں˲һڹٳȻЩܸ࣬оǰ;ⲻһһˣ
Ҷƽڰ칫죬Ȩð칫ҵԱҶƽݲȣҶƽоȨճǳĲҲߺȲȨ졣
˰죬ҶƽҪߣȨԷγԷûȥƵ꣬ȥ˹˾ʳãֻʳãĻȴǲ٣ľƵˮƽ
ʱȨӲǸҶƽֻȥԺһ룬һ͹ҵԼİ칫ңȻһһƣ͸ףӴ
ףӴ;һ·ˣһߣҲûʲôɱףӴģʲôֻȥͽ쵼ȥлԼĶ˸оȴǿԵġ
֪ҶƽƣףӴǸˣһЩѸ˹ҶƽԷҶƽֻ͸
Ҷƽ͸ԼֻףӴ˿ҶƽƽֻǴģ
Ҷƽ쵼ֻҵһѻģϲЩ͸㡣
ҶƽĻףӴȻѸ㻭ģҾˣǱߵĹ˳ɣ
Ҷƽаɣóʱûˣо
ףӴЦʲôεģһһ쵼λҲǷǳĸˣǱ߿Ҫúøɰ
ҶƽЦǣҽ˼ҵĽ̻塣
ףӴѾ˴ְˣ˳һ˴ְģ˶Ҷƽ˳ȻҲǶҶƽмӣҶƽ飬ҶƽĲϳɳĵĸˡ
Щ쵼Ǽ棬Ҷƽ뵽˸߿߿תεĽ뵽ȥ£ֻһᣬ߿һ绰
߿û뵽ҶƽصߣһӵҶƽĵ绰͸еڰ칫̸һӵ绰Ժ󣬾ͼæ˻֣˳ȥȻŽҶƽĵ绰
Ϊ߿ĵ绰û뵽һͽˣҶƽһ˵㣬ڻ𣿡
߿Ĭһ£˵ôˣ
Ҷƽеˣ͹һûпգ
߿ǳĬһ£˵㶨صɣҹȥ
Ҷƽһ˵Ǻãϵʱٸ绰Ҫǰǰƴˣ
߿һ˵ˣɣټ
˾͹Ҷ˵绰Ҷƽµ绰һ룬о߿ԭöˣҲӦôʹ졣


733 ҦӢ
ϣҶƽһҲȴ߿ʱͿ߿ĻбһӴ˽һһӽӲոһӣҶƽæվ
Ҷƽ߹ȥĺӡ
߿һۣ߹ȥҶƽĶ档
֮󣬸߿̧ͷ˿Ҷƽ鵭˵лл㻹ҡ
Ҷƽ˵ͼˣ֪֮ĸʵһֱڡ
߿ıʱȻһ£ͷ˿ĺӣ˵໥һ¾ͺˡ
Ҷƽһ£ҲǸ̾ĺ˵ֻҪûгΪֲʶ·ˣһԳԷǵͻе죬˵ǲǣ
ҶƽĻ߿ȴǳĬһ˵ϾǼѵģ뵽ʵλˣ
ҶƽûУھǣʱһ£ȻֻȥˣǰһӹæҲûʱϵ㣬ֽλӣҲһæɣ
߿ֻйҵĲܰΨһľ֧
Ÿ߿ĺӣҶƽ֪ô£ֲ˵ЦЦܱĺ𣿡
Ҷƽһۣ߿һ룬Ѻӵ˹ȥӷǳʵҲޣֻԹԵ￴磬Ҷƽ֮󣬾ȻЦһ£еޱȵУЦʵӽʲô֣
߿Ĭ
һ߿ôһ֣Ҷƽһһ£̫ˣӵĬĬСͲ˵֪Ĭǽĵֺð
߿ƽؿҶƽ֪˵ʲôãҶƽ㶺ź棬ӺȥЦ
⺢ǿɰܲףҶƽЦű߿˵
һ̧ͷ߿ŰŵָĿڵҲû˼ֻǸоϲӶѡ
ˣƽҽһ棬ҲΪ˹ȥ֣֮ӽҲͲҪ໥ˣļͥҵĺӣ֮ѾˣͲҪٸҵˡ߿ͻȻ˵Ļ
Ҷƽû뵽ͻȻ˵һʱؿǰĺӣתת۾ͻȻ۵һ߿æѺӴĻﱧ˹ȻһΣӲֹסĻ
߿ֱ֣ҶƽҲˣ֪߿ڵҲǺܸӣǿʲôҲûã߿꺢ӣȻ˵ڻȥˣԼ԰ɣͲҪϵˡ
ҶƽŸ߿վȥվ裬Ǹ߿ѾԶȥˡ
Ÿ߿ԶȥӣҶƽ̾һоܳƣԭΪ߿˺ܶ࣬ڿˣԺҪٺϵˡ
ȾƵģҶƽȴƵҪһƿƿʼһͣغţţһ̧ͷͻȻǰһˣϸһָָҦӢ
ǰŵǰҦӢҦӢһ΢ЦǰֱؿҶǣôƾƣҲҴ绰
ҦӢһĵԼǰҶƽѾһ˵ܲҺһƣ
ҦӢЦùƱѾƵϣ˵԰ǺþûһȾˣԴ뿪֮ҲϵңǰҸ˰
ҶƽѾһ˵Ҫ˵ЩϻǺȾơ
Ҷƽ鲻õӣҦӢ΢΢һЦѱеľƶҶƽһ
˵ҲɣҦӢѵҲԷԵ;߳Ӹ绰㿴Ҷƽһƾƣ㾪ϲعһһҶƽӣҶƽȾˡ
ҶǣôҦӢһھƣЦҶƽʵ
Ҷƽ̧ͷһۣоǰҦӢԽԵóζ۾زȥ͸ӵĹһ֣ҦӢǰĲλһ࣬˶ʱζ
Ҷƽ۾ԼӣҦӢɵؿԭҶƽɲˣʱûɫˣǰԼǰͣһ£ôˣ
ҶǡҦӢһǰĲλȴǰͦһͦҪҶƽϡ
Ҷƽæ۾ĿͣҦӢϣҦӢӣЦҶǣôˣ
ҶƽŴһ飬ôôԷ
ҦӢЦһԷ㣬ȥ
Ҷƽȥݣȥ
ҦӢһһ˵ôҪˣ죿
ҶƽǱ߻飬˵һʲôûа
һҶƽ£ҦӢЦЦҶǣҵĻ°ǲҽܸ󣿡
ҶƽǺһЦҸ˵ҪҪ
ҪֻҪҶܵҾҪҾ͸ȥˣĸɲǸɰҦӢʹ˵
ҶƽֶƱٺһ㣬ϲô
ҦӢѾһ˵Ͳ飬ҶǣҾ㡣
˾һҦӢҲǼˣҶƽҲǷſ˺ȣԼҦӢȵҲЩϵ·Щ¶ˣҶƽκҲû
ȵҶƽӢȥ裬Ҳң
㣡ھ㣬ǺǣҦӢʵ˵
㡭ǺǣðҴûܹ㣡ҶƽһʱҲ૵˵
˾վȻ໥ţţҶƽͻȻ̧ͷһ˵Ҿס
ǽȥҦӢҲͷ˵
˾˽ȥһҵνϸߵıݣҲȥ£߽ұݣȻͿ˷䡣
䣬һţ߽ȥ󣬾ǵһҶƽƽڴϣҦӢϣǰ·Ѿѿƺ֪顣
ҶƽڴϸоһѹԼģȥƣ˰ûƶץסǸ
ҦӢҲκӣſҶƽϣҲ˯ȥû뵽оǸλ⵹зӦһͻȻָеҶƽҲзӦҶҶǡʲôҵġ
ҦӢ૵˵ŻҶƽ۾ͻȻо͸תһӾǵߵ˹һߵҦӢҲоЩˣ͵۾һҶƽϣһǺܿͿҶƽӣͻȻһȣһ촽˹ȥ
оһȵĸоҶƽƺڱ۾ţ˾ôһԭʼӷȻ󽥽һ


734 󻭼
ڶһ磬ҶƽͷɵһԱߵҦӢŵһҦӢһתͷЦҶǣ
ôˣҶƽһȵؿ
ҦӢӴһӿҶƽ˫ֱסҶƽЦװʲôǶǳˣɶװģ
ҦӢԼǰģҶƽƿҵˣ϶ʲôԭ£
ҦӢ̾СУʱôͶ룬˾ʲôǲˣôæ߸ʲô
Ҷƽһߴ·һ˵ǼǲˣϺȶˣǸҪУʱϵ㡣
ҶƽżҪߵӣҦӢ˵㻹𣿡
ҶƽֻҪʱҿ϶Ҧºôˣ
һҶƽҦº죬ҦӢЦ֪ôˣôҲˣҪҴ绰һ𣿡
ҶƽһǸһˣʣʱȥУҵ绰
ðʱרȥ㵽ʱɱңǿڹһˣҦӢҶƽһĵ˵
ҶƽҲǷҦӢŮ̫ɱˣԭʱѣͺ㵽һˣŮ̫Ҫ佻
ҶƽҦӢһкæ뿪˱ݣȥģҦӢ΢Цţһֳɾ͸УڽҶƽˡ
Ҷƽ뿪ֻ֮һϼңϼҿһ°֮󣬽žصˣһ˻ؼ֮Уееã߿ϵˣȻҦӢһ£û뵽¡
ص֮Ȩִ绰˵һ˼Ĵ󻭼ңʡǾסȨרŴʡȥλ󻭼ҡ
ʡ֮Ȩ彫ʡǵһһһͬһȥĻл죬˵֮󣬱绰֪ͨңмѹ
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һҶƽôʹʹӦȨǸˣ˲ᣬǾˣҶƽֻˣһһӣǰ棬˷·Сࡣ
ңǺþûˣһǸӣȨЦ߹ȥһӵ
һȨ֮ǰ˵ˣΪһңȫһ֪ȣȥЩɹǵӣҶƽ˴Ŷӡ
Ȩһӵ꣬һ̹ȻλãҶƽһӸе֣ҲһҶѣȨôôѵΪϲ黭һĻҷǳݣ
֮ʣȨܵƽλң֪ˣλʶһ£λǻλǲܴ
Ҷƽһæǰ֣λ۾ϲӾƬ⿴ˣҶƽԺҲˣֻ֣ܼ򵥵Ҷƽһ־ˡ
о˲飬Ҷƽһ֪һʲôͷһμ棬˼ҲҲ˼ʡǣĹԱͲʲôˡ
֣ҶƽȥǸܴգܴһЩȥǳ˸оĽɫȻ飬Ǹλܴʱȴʮֵǫ͡
ܴЦЦҶƽһ֣ȻͳλˣͲܴµʱҲǲֱλĵطʣֻҶƽͻ档
ȨǽԼͻ죬ҶƽͿ΢΢˵ͷһ߸ϵӣЦԻӦ
֮ȨкϾϲˣȵĵȻõę́һһȨę́Цź˵þưȨܽƷˣ
Ȩһ˵ֻҪϲȣҸͼȥ˾ﻹŲٵę́ǴϷרŽġ
һЦȨܣǵ̫ݳˣһƿƵöϰն밡
һ⻰ȨǵûգЦŵǹֵѧϰԺǾٺȵę́ȵҺɣ
⻰һ˵˶ʱЦһźӲЦλǰıѾȨ嵹ҶƽһУ˼£һȻֻһңǵλԲͣʹȨǸҲɣڿȥǸƺҲܸһӡ
һȥƺǾݳޣȨ˵Ҫͼę́ȴûоܾȻղŲǷп˵˵ѣ²ǹϰĲףڵҵĻ뵽ȥײϰյҲǿֽ˽һЩˡ
һʼһ˵˵ЦЦȨܵҶƽʱһ˿ҶƽЦλСᰡΪ
ȨӻмɲǰЩӴڳҶǵһ󹦳
һȨ˵ǸͲܴҶƽҶƽ΢ЦȨˣʲôģҾһǹ񣬺ֵѧϰ
һЦӳҶƽǲûվҶƽվѱоһһһʱЩ𾪣̾Ҷƽľ
ϯһǸͲܴȥ͵ˣͻ˸͵ģȨ嵽ΪʲôҪһȴеЩס
ȻͲܴ͵ģҶƽǰȴǸ߸ϵӣǸܴһЩǸЩڼˣҶƽʱǲ飬һھˡ
ҶƽȻЩҲû̫ƽϣԼֲǽⲻһƼˮ꣬鲻Լϵ󡣻쵹Ǻܻ飬ȻԼȥ˼ҵƨɣȥʲôǸƵġ


735 ƵС
ʡǲμôһϯҶƽԵЩӦȫһСǣһͻܴˣ̬ǫһЩǻеһЩָ߸ϵӣﲻֲ˼ֳ
ȥ㣬Ҷƽ˳죬ǹ죬Ͻеҹģɢһģ߻ط䣬Ƿ곡ϷȾ졣
ȥʱ򣬷ȴǶƵС㣬ʱһͲܴԣ¶һ˫а͸ˮ۸˵ƣһͻ̹ȻֻǸܴһЩԵòȻر߽ʱ
һȻ䲻СˣǿƵС֮Եޱ˷СȻƵСһ
ȨԱ߿˹ЦȻתͷûͲܴԱߵСҲҪǵľƵúõҲǺһ
Ҷƽ߽һУֻ΢ЦҲ΢ЦſһУƵС㳤ʮֵƯҲǷǷȫĽȰ˵ŻͲܴȾơ
ҲΪҶƽո߽ԵʣȥҲЩнȫſƵС֣ƵСһƨĻѱеľƶ˵߽ص쵼Ȱɣ㲻ȣҾͲ
еЦ˵ǺǣҾͲȣ£
ƵСֽص쵼滵Ϊ˼
һ˵һְѾ߷ţͬʱһֻСڻǰߣŻƺƵСˣЦŵҪȣһȡ
ԱЦߥ޵ͻȸơ
ƵСһϴӻȻӰѸ첲ȥ˵ɣ쵼СŮӺȸơ
ʱһƵСȵʲôƶˣƵСǽһһһֻë޵ĴСĴϣصĦš
ɨһۣҲͲٿСԱǸܴҲһʱŲСȾҲˡ
˾˵ʱ򣬽ƵС㣬ղֻȨͬһˣǾһһˡ
һȨһָǸС˵ȥǸ˧硣
˵ҶƽǸСһ㾶ֱߵҶƽǰȻֱҶƽĴϣһת§סҶƽĲӣϵһûкľƣͶҶƽ˧磬Ⱦơ
ƵСʮֵ죬ҶƽоĶһǳɣСϴܳһ˵һ֮֬Ȼ˳úƯ͸ַŮ˵֮ΧҶƽߵŮ˲٣ַŮʵ᲻Ȥ
Ҷڷ곡ϷҪȫܾǾΪˣԱЦҲС㵹һ˵Ҫһȣ㡣
Со˲ЦźҶƽ˱ӣһ˾ƣʱȨҲС㿪ʼһ㶼ʵͣСƵСҲǸܴʱҲǴһ˫۾ֱ˼Сǰһ˫ҲǷŵСѩ׵Ĵϡ
һʱ֮䣬䶼ǳ˴֮һᣬһ˾Ƿǳˣһ֮Ǿ͸СһͻѾСǰˣǸܴѾСˡ
ҶƽԱߵС㣬Ҷƽֶţ㲻סϿһ͹ĴͷͣҶƽϣҶƽеһ
֪УҾվȨ˵䶼ˣСǷȥϢ
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ͽ֮Ҷƽ˵ˣСȴǲԸߣҪҶƽϴϴ˯
ҶƽһС㲻ƻ˯ܲˣ˻֣ȥҪϴ裬û
Ҷƽ̬ȼӣƵСȥС֮Ҷƽڴһ룬ԼһõĹֳȻ£˯ģһܸӰȨĿģ޷һˣԼûнСͬһأ
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뵽Ҷƽһ绰ûнƵС㣬һ绰Ϊ첻ӣû뵽ˣһӵ绰Ҷƽ˯ûû˯ͳɢɢ
Ҷƽ˵ǿûи£ȵҲǰеԶϯǣֻȨͬһȨ嶼ûȥСͬ˷Ժ󣬱С뿪ˡ
绰Ҷƽķһ˹ҶƽЦСˣ
ǺһЦˣѵҪ
˵ҶƽҲǺǺһЦΪܲˣȥɩ˿϶óͷ㡣
ЦɩӲŲ£ǽҪҪһ˸ˣڷ件أȫǿ϶˯ţҿҽһȨȥҷ˯ȥ
ҶƽʵǸͲܴǸʲôģȨΪʲôҪǵĿͣǸһӺȨܵ𾴡
ǸлһǻʣǹĸǸܴʡĴܹУһȻֻһңʡ쵼н飬ȨҪǻҲǱҪЭһص飬һԾͰȻҹĿĻء
ԭҶƽ£һΪһңڵ쵼ϲӹţһЩ쵼ϵһϵ˱Ҳӵ˲쵼Ȩ
ǸȻǹĸһʡ쵼нĻҲһǰװ
ƽҶǷ곡ϷҺȨˬܸǰ£ûа취˭űˣ쿴˿Ҷƽֽ͵
ΪгǰȨʡصģûиҶƽһЦôȸһǲһҵĶ
һЦСǲҲķ䲻ˣ绰ǲ뿴ûУû£ʹǲҲǶ£˼Ķûأ
ҶƽһʱһھƣȴʡǿôⰡ


736 һɱ˰
Ҷƽʡǻһ·Ȩһ˽飬ͷȻЩеãҲ֪ڰʲô飬ʹǰ칫£Ҫǲ˼ҳԺҲǲеģˣ˭Ҳܱ⣬οֻһеίǹֳܸıһС
֮ҶƽоȨȥҪȨ屣һ룬Ȩύϲ쵼ֶΣ£ɲΪȨʲôǣ⵽;Ĵۡ
õִ绰ԷлԼİ˰õĵ绰ҶƽȴûдӦԷҪⷽҪעһ⣬ʡ϶Ҫɲɲʱʲô⣬Ȼе̹Ǳȴǲô
ʱͻȻһɱ˰ʬڳĻǺﱻ֣ΪˮǵȵԱӵȴǷ߾˿ڣȫ㣬϶Ϊɱ
һɱ˰֧̾ӵѸٳͬʱάҶƽҶƽ֪һشɱ˰һڻǺ֣ǵĿֻţȥһӸһơ
һӣҶƽͰеӦƵˣһϣ绰ԼԷǸԼԷҿеĵλ޲ŰͽһЩ顣
ֻҶƽȥҲǼϤҿǵµѲŻḰԼǰһӣ˭ȥԼˡ
ߴ֮󣬷ҽŵԱʬʣȷΪܵ˺ݿɱߺʬǺӵġ
ȫ㣬ݲ͸ưѶȣҶƽרٿᣬоȷʬԴ
ߵԼʮңӦǴͶߣϻһάڻϳжߺпһֳԱ
ǰû֣ܵûȡҺάжϣðܿһֲƵİȻαװ֣ʬǺӡ
˹άķҶƽһ˵ҿڻҪڶ԰жԣȲʬԴӷǵģȺڶԴ۷׷ףڿǹܲưǲܾưȺڵĿֻţǹصѹͺܴ󣬴ڿʼеĹԱҪϢʱȫԸȥӣҺʹһƲձ
ҶƽⷬĻȫ̾Աʱı쵼Ӵ˰ҪƲˣǾǶԲס쵼Ĺػ֧ˡ
Ҷƽ֮иɾȫɳҲǶԱȶȫеֳŲ飬һûʧٵ˿ڡ
еĵطСȫеֳҲвټңֳԱԷǳˣ˭Ҳ㲻ʧûʧ٣ЩҵԱҲͼϵҲ֪ʧûʧ٣ᱨԲҲźܴѶȡ
ĲңȫйŲʮڴ뿪ҵҵԱʮԱеַͥûУһʵҲúʵ
Ҷƽ˹άĻ㱨֮󣬸еӱȽϼ֣ùάЭܱͨߵʬԴҶƽһ룬оʬĻһõͨߣôֻʲô߽ͨ˵ǺԱȻʬأ
һ˼·ҶƽùάʼעѼⷽϢ·Ѿʮ죬ļ豸Ҳ걸׼һ̣ǻûʽͷӣͨҼһʱȽѡ
ҶƽжֺܿͨʬȷֵĻӦȷһ
һֵһǲʬԴڷЭͨʮ֮һŮǰ˵ĽʧˣЭͨϵ˺񣬲֪ǲĽ㡣
һӵҪıѸٳλŮӣȻʻ䵽ͣʬʬϣȷ߾Ľ㡣
һʬԴ鵽ˣάﳤһֻҪҵʬԴӾһ룬ԱŮйŮһԸ˵ֱ˵ʵһŮֳһ潣Լһ˴źӣֻ
һάоԭжϵĲֻ࣬û뵽߻һ潣֪˭ɱ
ʬάɿͼƺΪʲôûˣߵýƽʱһģʬȴû˵ֿͼƺ
Ҳܾһ˼·ɱ˰кüҪôͼƣҪô飬Ҫô𣬹άֱȻֱе飬߹һˣһһŮɱ˵ͬʱҲûз˽ԹôѳɱĿԸųˣֻʣһͼƵ
ѷҶƽ㱨һ飬Ҷƽ֮󣬸оڰӵͬͼƵĿԲûУεأҲǮˣһֵֶɱˣ
һ룬ҶƽͶԹάάڰӽͬҪץסŮһΧһµ飬һûпͻƵĵطŮλ£˵˿𣬾οҲῴ㿴᲻ΪοͷʲôִɱҲһ참˼·
άһоҶƽ˵òʱûгⷽ룬һһܺõ˼·ھΧǰ˭ûзʲôìܽе顣
һȷ˼·ά̰˶ǰĹ켣е飬һǰû˷ԽףЩοصһ£һܴܲ﷢ʲô
Խ׸úΣǺףάԶֵ飬ҺǰмռǵϰߣҲ˽Խ׶ҪƺΪ˼һһµ롣
ͨ鿴ռǣǰһ칲ԽףԱ߷õ飬ڲ߽Խ׵οͣοһǷǳĽţϾ˴£ǹԱҪ׷潵ΣҪûɱˡ
һ̲飬άǶûʱ䣬ɱ˰ûйϵһӣЩˣڸеɽˮ֮ʱһԱͻȻ鵽һ˵ǰһ߽Խ׵ĳܻ֮һڴ֮߾ˣռϾͷӳˣĸ׶Ҳϲ鵽ˣǸϽһԱԱʮ꣬ǰɳְˣźܴɡ
һ˵ά̴绰ҶƽҶƽҲǺ˷ܣŹά̴˶Աץ


737 гԷ
Ӻܿˣ˵˲ţȥһͼƵİʵһΪʾɱ˰ǰԱںƺųϵŮȻڳϸ˺¡
˭֪ԱΪƵԵʣȵˣȴû֧ʵʱٸһЩǮŮȴԸˣ˵䲻£޹أøǮһֲ٣˾ͳԱһʱŭͳذ׽Ůɱˡ
ɱԱžʧ룬ŮתһȦ룬ϵ·ͽȥȻҹɫֱӽ˻ǺӣӾˡ
Ḷ́ҶƽЩ̾ԱͷҲǺǮȴ£˼ŮɱˣһԼֵ̫ˣ˼ŮҲףȻһΥΪҲ˼ıֶΣȻ˼ңҪ֧ʣȻûȫ񫣬Ǻñȵ˷ȥԷ˼ʲô˶ˣȴԲˣԲ˾Ҫ˼ҷҪһǮ𣿳Բ˿Լǲ˻ȥ
𰸼һ˼İҶƽҡҡͷľû̸ʲô飬һɱ˰ķ͸̾Щʱ˾͸ԼƵģͨİ취⣬һҲͽˡ
ӣҶƽ࣬뵽ΰ⣬Ѹٰ̽ᵽճҪܶͶʣҪǮУҪǮǾ͵гͷ
Ҫгͷǵг˰ڴæųʡ飬Ȼ˵ʹشӦҪ֪һߣԬһίǣɲһʱɵģһʱûɣԬһˣί˵㣬ýˣ߲òǮˣǾͲˡ
һ뵽ˣҶƽԼڱֺһԬԬһٷһ˫ĸ飬ĻԬʹ֧Լ飬Ͼûиǧǽġ
רŴ绰ԬԬʱҲæţǻҪȴѹСһЩϾʡô׵ģӴλȴףԻһЩʱġ
ҶƽԼԷԬһ룬õøҶƽһӣϾҶƽίǣʵȨҲʢгʢ
һ룬ԬʹӦˣҶƽȻҪѻϣԼ֮׼͵ĵص㶨ڰõ꣬ԭľþôƵðõˣֱΪ֣һ˵ҷǳ¾õŮ˿ģԭ𣬲ΪģΪһðõķɡ
Ȼܰõĳ룬˼ҵĿͻǿķģȸõһ绰׼һõİ䣬һ㰲һģõһ֪ҪҪһԷ̴Ӧš
ϣҶƽõ꣬һˣõ̳ӭӣҶƽھĶˣûҶƽнĲҵоҶƽĴˣһЩҲسҪ˾ҵչڳŬ¹˾ҵڶʡȥˡ
ҶƽŰ칫εһԷ֮󲻶ᣬˣҶƽԺ⵱еȻ̸ʡԱ⣬ҶƽЦЦûж˵ʲô
ᣬҶƽͿԬ緢شͷ˽ƽʱһڵԬеԭȣ緢ˣίһְʮþģԭĸоӦǴһˡ
Ԭĺ츱γգվ֮ǰԼݿйֶ֧ӵ츱ΣҶƽ֪ȻﲻˣҲû̫£ڼ֪ԬĹϵˡ
߽֮Ҷƽͻ춼վӭԬĵԬЦЦڰʾҶƽͻ¡
ҶƽԬȻҾͷֱ˿ҶƽԬЦ˵ƽǣôôרҳԷ
ҶƽЦһֱûרԬгԶٷлᣬлԬгҵ
ԬǺһЦ˭ҶԲͣƽǵұͣ˵ǲǣ
ЦԬгǱʮֵƽ׽ˣⶼ֪ġ
Ԭһȴһ˵죬Ҹƽ֮ɲʲôƽ׽˵飬⻰˵ԡ
оԬʢ࣬һȻе㲻ʱҲЦЦ֮ҶƽԱһҲоζˣǽ˼ң˼ҸµģǾͲܼƽˡ
Ա߹۲һУϴҶƽȡ˵һεпԣݸˢˣͷٶһЩҶƽڿԬҶƽ׽ҲǸš
˵Щõʹ˽ԸϲˣȻǱĿûеĴһõԬĿ֮ǰһֱûҷ꣬ûмõһõ͸оһһĸоˡ
Ҷƽܵǰõİܾ
һܣԬЦ˵ԭǰܾǺŶ
õæЦȫ쵼չˣû쵼չˣҰõĽ졣
Űõ΢ЦӣԬЦܾȥǫ飬չʲôƽչʲô𣿡
û뵽Ԭᵽ£Ҷƽæ˵ⶼ˼ҰܾԼŬĽֻṩһõĻͿˡ
õҶƽһۣɨɨԬее㲻ԾûﲻԾ쿴Ԭ԰õЩȤ԰õ˵ܣԬгȱưɣ
õ֪гˣʱȴװʶӵԭԬгǷ꣬ǲ˼ˣ
õҲǳ裬ϯԬԱߣԬŵһ˵ͷȴҶƽ֮Ĺϵ˵ҶƽŮԵȴǺٲʲôţЩţõ᲻ҶƽŮ֮һ
Ȼ룬ԬȴǸоԼõòʸˣ֪еǲõΪѣǺܺ˵𻰣ʾӪϵ¡
õȻһһ㱨ˣԬ֮˵ҪһӴӪҵ֧֣ܵҵܺãӦֲ֧ǣƽ죬˵ǲǣ
û뵽Ԭô˵Ҷƽͻ˵Ȼ˵ǣ̸ŴӦˡ
һӦ֮ԬʮֵĺãҶƽоڰõļ룬ķֶʱһܺõ󻬼ãһϵˣҲͻȻΪʲôΪһ£ԷԱûһŮͬ־ûŮͬ־гܳԺ÷ҿõ


738 ʡе
ڰõļ룬ԷķΧʮǢԬǳḻԶҶƽƽʱףʿгƯŮǰҲֲס
ǢĵڣҶƽԬ̽飬ưѶȱȽϴչ裬ôưһܴ֧֣ϣ֧顣
һҶƽ˵£Ԭüͷһ壬˵ƽǣȱҿҲ֪ڲҲǺܿԣһҪóǧʽ飬ҲǺܼ֣Ȼһȥһ飬𸴡
Ԭ̬ȣŻʴǷ֪£ʲô̬ȣǴʱȴǱҪ˼ˣӦȴôˬ죬˵Ҫȥо֪оʲô
ҶƽȻǿӦӦȥоʱᵽ£һԷȾˡ
ԬһٷԵúǾˣʱ·ߵò˳ˣռæҶƽͻͳ⣬ϳȥعͷõվ󣬻Ҳϳˡ
ҶƽûߣõҶǣϲȥȿڲߣ
Ҷƽˣ鷳ˣˡ
õ˵˵Ҷǣô˻鷳ˣҰôһֱԸлС黹鷳
õӣҶƽЦһµҲûʲôҲҪǹϣϵô
ҶƽܹĳõеҶƽĹϵһ㣬˵ϵúܺãҲоˣʲô¶ҪҷģܶˣڿҵҪǳɼܴ󡣡
Ҷƽ˵ͷȻ˵һȥˣæİɡ
ҶƽҪߣõͻȻһߵǰ˵ҶǣҵһԬг棬ôоеǸ
Ҷƽʵôˣܸ˰
õɫ΢һ˵Ҷǣ˵Ĳ˵ǲеɫ
һõ˵⣬Ҷƽ΢Цĸ˲ɫȻгҲˣһȨƵˣôܲɫ
õɨһҶƽ˵ҸоҶһҲɫվǰɨɨһۡ
ҶƽһЦô֪ûɨ㣬Ҳˣֲʲôʥˣô᲻㣬ֻеߣԸñ˵ʲô㵹ˡ
Ҷƽ˵õ˷ܵصҶǣ˵Ҳһɫ
ҶƽϵⲻǺɫ֮ģ˽֮ͳˣ
õЦЦоҶƽ˵ĵʵڣֻһֱ뱨ҶƽҶƽȲҪǮҲҪʲôĺôԼҶƽӱһ£ҶƽȴǴʲôʾӽĻᡣ
˵ҶƽҲûٺ˵һкͳţɵͬűȥˡ
ҶƽȥõվþòŻعȻ߽Ƶ꣬ǿĲʧҹɫС
ȥԺҶƽ͵ȴԬĴ𸴣Ԭһֱûд𸴣ߴһµģȴûȥߴ٣´ߴԬǲӦѿʱʡﴫ˵Ϣ
׼žνʡίǣԭʡίǡίβɳνʡίǣΪʡѡˣҶ빤
ʡĵ㵽λʡίʡ˫˫ˣžԸԳʡίһְڽʱ䳤㣬ʡίǵȻ緢źܴĻȨ
βҲǳԴ׵ģϾ˼βǴǱ߹ģʶ㣬϶չʡõģô£βɵľûȨȽϴ
֪Ҷƽ֪Ҷ˵һҲβɹҲкôģʡͷһǿ֧ߣӡȻ֧ϾֻʡίǣʡһЩûȫ֧βɹҶźܺõĽ飬ôһЩϿ϶֧ˡ
ʡίʡһ꣬ȥʡĴˣҺüζ˼Σһһ꣬ĸʡɲ϶ҲҪüӰѾȡѸʡְŪð϶
ʱúܿ죬һ£ʡ쵼ɲҲ˵ʡίӡ뽭ʡιԴǣһ׼Ӳһְʡίһְʡί֯Σʡί֯һְԭһλʡΣλʡžϵȽϺãƼ֯һְ
ͽʡְ񣬳νʡʡʽΪʡɲһ˸ʡеĸɲʾףء
ҶƽȻҲҪʾףأ߻Ƿǳ֧ĹˣȻҲеˣԬͷΪо磬ʹΡ
еίίȫϯᣬ֪һΣԬˣһߣίǿ϶ˣڼϵĺܺãһһλʿгҪǲλǾûλˡ
ȻʡûڣʡίоίһְѡԬΪίǣгһְʱûȥµгѡҪһо
ʱίгһְһԬȨΪͣڿʱҶƽԿԸܵ־ѾԶԭǸΨΨŵŵгˡ
Ȩһͷͻı䣬Ԭһίǣ̾ʹ˸棬ʱҲһԺһ˶ҪעĿ
Ԭֱ仯Ҷƽеûʲô˼˻٣ԼıľǣαΪȨСı仯ıԼֱ仯ֻܻΪһС˵־ȻԬ𻹳ѧһʿŲӦֱ仯
һ뵽ԬĲʿͷΣҶƽеͦ˵ģ쵼ɲҪǲŪߵƾԺû죬˼ԬĲʿɲģ˼֮ǰԼõĲʿƾͳһ˵Ҳ˼ҡ
ڻֻһƵƾ˼ҾǲԶˣҶƽһ룬оԼҲŪƾǣԺⱾƾ㲻ʲôƾˣ쵼ɲҲ뷨ŪоƾС
һ룬ҶƽְоȻҪͿѧУģһͱྩѧְоɣȡ֮Ūоƾ
һ뷨ҶƽȥҪǶо϶öѧоⷽϤҲÿɲԼȥҲԼоҪԼʵʵȥо
оֻҵʱ䣬Ҫģ̽һֱûǰЩӿԬæû˼ȥߴίˣȨˣ뷨ȥߴһ˰ɡ


739 ϵİ
ҶƽרȥһԬ𣬴ߴ̽£һϵ͸֪Ԭ춼ûʱ䣬ٵһȡ
һԬӼӳԱʱ䶼ûˣҶƽеԬҪͨӳԱľ룬Ա͹Գĵλڴ֮ǰûôֻҪаӳԱʲôڲġ
֪Ҷƽһ룬оԬǱ˺ܶ࣬ԭȵ͵Ĳٵ͵ȴǸߵĲٸߵˣԭһߵˣֻǰص̫ûôҸоˣҲһֱ¡
˼죬ҶƽȥϵԬͬӼȥİ칫ң֮󣬾Ϳ־İ칫ԬҪ˵־һˣԬҶƽе֡
Ҷƽתһ룬Ԭ⣬֪־ϵУԼί֮Ҫȫ֣ͨ־֪ȤҲһβԡ
һ룬ҶƽָеԬǳش˴һ˽Ųְڵʱܹȫеȫˡ
ȵ־Ҷƽ˽ȥҶƽ߽Ԭƺûд־е߳ҶƽǰԬǣ㱨¡
һҶƽĻԬ̧ͷ˵˵ɡ
ûжĿҶƽһ˵̽£㿴ʲôʱٿίоһ¡
ҶƽһۣԬƺڿҶƽҪ󣬹һ˵飬ȲҪżһƣͷкöҪû죬²һʱ£һӦûʲô⣬ҪȰѽҪá
һԬϵ˼Ҷƽüͷʲô˼ѵǹΪԼ˵гʱԼȷʵǲôίǣԼҲ㱨ѵǰ飿
Ҷƽ͸еԬйΪԼ˼ȻԬ˵ĻҲǲԣҲûв̵ͬ˼һֱȥʲôʱ
ԬǣʡһҲӣҽ̣ΰкôûǼʱΪáҶƽȰ˵һ䡣
һҶƽȰ˵Ԭɫ̱òЩͷ˵֪ʡûǮǸ裬ȲҪżòã
ԬЩͷӣҶƽȻ˵ˣһк뿪Ԭķ䡣
߳Ԭķ֮Ҷƽ͸еЩƣԬԶ֧ĹеԬԸЩᣬðգһ֣Ժ󽫺źһίίͲ˵ͨĸɲˡ
ȻԬʱûɿڣҶƽֲȥ취飬ϾˣԬ𽫸ˣԺеĹϵͲôˡ
ίֵĹ죬ֳٳˣʱϰԣ׼ְо£˵ҪоҪҪæ쵼ûʱѧϰΪ칫κӦΪ쵼ǰ
Ҷƽһ˰֣ɲ쵼ϸѧ׽쵼ѧʻߣĻŪƾʲô壿ھҪԼѧϰѧһЩ
дʱʵһּҵ֮УҶƽȴƽľ￴飬ȻԬίǣгһְλĵûɣʡίо飬˭סȥ£
гһְҪһԬҪ飬ҪһгһͥгһЩʸгҲڿ飬ΪеггΪгҲֻһһǻ죬䶼ˣȻд뷨ǿԲ󣬻Ⱦͷ뷨׼ʵʵţ˾Ӷˡ
Ȼܵг˰죬һԼˣһԬƺͬг뿴һǳǿƵгһֱǿƣôг
ûегϣôгĵȻʡͷԬҪʡ˽һ˭гʡίҲר̸˻ʡί֯еԼİ칫̸һ̸еİ⡣
гһְҪ⣬֯ͻҪ˾ӶˣҪٵһߵ쵼ˣҪˣ˴һְӦεģǿǵԱİ⣬ʡȥ˴Σԭ˴ݣͬʱ찲ΪЭϯԭЭϯݡ
Ԭ֮Уһ£ίǶ˴Σ밲˴쵼ʵ˴ΣȻΪǲ˴һ֣ĻͿԼ˴ΣڿҪʡ￴ʸϣֻγβˣԱ˴Ρ
ϼ쵼ǰԬԼʵ뷨֯˵ˣҲ˵ʲôţȨʲô̫Ӱ졣
Ԭڹгѡ֯ʾ黹оУҪȫʡе䣬ȷ֮󣬻
˵ְ֯һ˵ߵ˵һ£һһֱ֯ʡ׼ʡίְ֯ǼίǣҲҪʡίְ֯ͼίְҪ˫˫ˡ
һ˶ҪߣԬͺܹµ֯ͼίǣϾǳҪλãԼǾͲá
֯ͱʾѡƼʺϵĻͰԬһǳˣȥԺҪúõƼһ¡
Ԭ뵽һ˴Эְ˭ίǺͳгأ֯ʾίһְҲٴᣬǴӱĵطҲΪĹԬ֪֯˼Χӵ˼
ڳгһְ֯ͱʾҲƼְƼԬ͸еʡΣֻҪƼˣԺǿ϶ͻԼΩǴӡ
ʡԬͿʼƼ飬֯ίǶǺĽɫͷкʵ
һҪǵƼҪԼĿζͬʱҲҪǵƼܹܲϾ˭ʸְģʺϵΣƼҲûãǱߵԱǱߵԱûֱΪ֯ͼίǵ֯ͼίǱһУҲõιһ֣һ쵼УҪƼˣҪôӸгѡҪôίѡҪúõ顣


740 
ԬƼ˸гΪί֯Ȼʡί֯Э̣Ƽԭʡְ̾칫ԶΪмίǣίһְô˱ѡԼİ칫θμίǡ
ѡƼˣԬƼ־ΪгѡȻ˺־УⲻֶΣƼѺ־иˣһĵط
˵ԬƼԼγг־ǳĸˣȻҲǳίǱг˵ȨЩСûггǰʵȨ
Ƽ֮ԬǷֻ࣬ҪЩѡʡίίͨˣôеĵλʮȹˣ˭гûԿıǮԺͿȫҪԼˡ
һ룬ԬǺܵ⣬гûе֮ǰ㿪ʼԼʩ죬ίίϣȷҪǿӪý裬ҪѾøҪչӪãһţҶƽֻͬвϵطչӪãϰǮϰǮѣٽ裬Ԭչ˼·ǶԵġ
ԬΪһڹѧˣڷչ÷滹ǱȽϿŵģڵгʱ޷⣬ûԼţ˵ʵڵһȽϱصˣڷչӪ÷ȷʵһȱݣԬҪǿӪҵչеȽϺá
ίίϣҶƽ֧ԬԬı̬ûʲôм֮⣬û˿ˡ
ӴӪ÷չ֮ԬͶмӪҵӲ죬֮һаõİõҵ
õҲû뵽ԬᵽҵӲ죬õæӴõƯӣԬŰõ֣һĶЦǳС
õ֪˵ʲôˣԬ飬ǸеˣԴһԬԹ֮͸оԬ̬Щ飬Ȼˣ쵽һЩˡ
ڰõҵԬֱӾͶԷֹӪչĸг˵һҪְ֧õҵŵķչ׳Ӫҵгһ˵ǣȻԬʰõҵӪʲôѣõһȻԬ֧Ͳܴʧᣬʽϻϣ֧֣ЭвŶҵ֧֡
Ԭ𵱳ͱʾøгЭвʽõŽбгҲæӦˣһôһõֻæԬʾлˡ
ڰõӲ꣬ԬڰõԷˣȥҵûгԷǵ˰õȴԷеĸг͸оõĹϵͬһ㣬Ȼ֪ԬΪʲô˵Ҫְ֧õˡ
һԷʱԬõֵطǳУõҲֵֻطǳ׽ϾӪҵҪ֧֣ԬԸ֧ǾһҵչĺûᣬҲץס
ԹԺԬˣõԺ󣬾븱гϵЭԬӲʱˣԸгԴ˺ǻвŽж෽ϵǣߴţְ֧õ
ڸг棬вȻҵӦõŴԪڰõŵţһӾܴڣõȻǷǳˣҵķչһĴٽ
õ͸вǩ˴ͬǩͬԺȴǳٳٲзſֻзſſ൱ںͬǩΪεвŽн棬ԭег飬ȴǱŲʾоʲôʱſ˵š
һе̬ȴ䣬õ֪ô£ǩĺͬȻˣʼҸɾܾſˣе̬ȴ䣬õһʱԣֻгзӳгһķӳȴҲǲȲӣٵȵţżʵڲеĻȥԬǡ
һгȥԬ𣬰õȴЩ˼ȻԬ֧ģоԬЩԾʱȥôȥ˵أ
뵽õȸҶƽһ绰ͬǩǲҪУô죬ǲǿС
ΪҶƽίǹֳõܲͨɵֶзſҶƽһȻͬǩˣΪʲôſ
һ룬Ҷƽһ绰егϾίǹֳȫ˵źܸߵĵλһͨегȻǲҵһ£егǺܽţʾͬ϶Ҫеģ쵼עҲûа취ȫպͬ
һ쵼עҶƽǸеЩ֣쵼ֵ֧飬ôֻΪ쵼Ĺע÷ſˡ
Ҷƽĸ쵼ſģегȲԸ˵Ҷƽȷǩ˺ͬͱУоҪ⳥˼ҵʧһ⳥Ҫ˼ҲٵǮ
Ҷƽôһ˵егӽţҶƽϾίǣί˵Ҫ˼ҵǮҲ˼ҵǮһǿʧˡ
һ룬егҶƽʾίҪ쵼İţίҪ쵼ſھͲܷſίҪ쵼Ӧſͷſ
һҶƽ֪ôˣίҪ쵼϶ָԬֻһֲܳΪҪ쵼ȻԬһá
ҶƽͰ˰õõһסˣµô£Ԭֵ֧ģôͻȻ֮䲻зſˡ
Ҷƽ֪ҲǸеԾˣ浽һʲôԬ̬ΪʲôͻȻ仯ôѵΪǮӦõˣ
ȻΪӦõΪʲôҪжְ֧õ벻ͨ
õžͰѸгȥԬ˵˳Ҷƽһ˹ѵԬҪʲôôǰõûȥʾԱквſˣðõȥȻҪô˼ֻţѵԬΪ˶ȥհõʲô
оⷽǳõζȥΪĻǾлߣԬܻܵǰõҲΪлܵһҵķչǲˡ
Ҷƽ԰õһ˵õ룬ȻҶƽ˵Ķԣ񣬴¾ҪˣΪܹڵĿǵ뷨Ԭ˼һ¡
ôԬأ֮ǰûиԬ͹ҪԬҲ͸ԬǸֱǮĶ
õеҲǱȽϵļ֣ҲһŴѧʣôͣʲôͶٶҪȵãͲã͵ɷʴףúúüƽһ£ȫ߲֮С


741 ܾԬ
õ绰ԼԬԷԬһǳˣҲûͬõ꣬Ȼ˰õԼķ䣬ϵְ֮õһһͬԷЩˣǱȴûбֳ
õԼ˾һԬԷϯҲû̸飬ȵ극ʱ򣬰õѴʡһֵ֧ԪֱŵԬǰʾԼҵֵ֧л⡣
Ԭһֱֻ֧һԬ̬ȣԬθرĴôٸĶҲһ̬̽ȣҲ˵ʲôˣ֪ڴϵ̬ȣֻҪֱ֧ƴܽˡ
õԼֱԬıܹ죬Űõ˺üۣԬùֱ˿԰õ˵õãʲô˼
õæЦҵʡǳֱ֧뵽Ԭƽʱõţ͸Ԭ㣬˴һֱֻǿһҪ顣
ԬЦҿŮ˴ֱҲÿҪҴһԣ
ʽֱŮܴõԬҪԼֱʶذ
Ԭȴǽžƾȥõ֣ʱֻˣͬ˳ȥˣõһԼ֣Ҷץסˣ͸еԬƺڽžƾϷԼסԼֲ֮ͣԼĦȻֱ
õһ˵Ԭǣֻ͸ģҲܴ
ԬЦôܴҿÿֻʣҸһֻµġ
Ԭ𷴹Ҫֱõæִг˳Ԭǣˣ
õɫ糺죬û뵽ԬֶţԬȥһǳɣ˵ҲǺܵòȻû뵽Լ뷨ҽֶţһͨˣͷˣǵίǣҽģû취Ҳܲˡ
õɫ糺ӣԬԴӵһۼõ֮ͶˣȻ֪õǳ¾õŮˣҲ̲סõӽҲ֪õҶƽ֮ϵȽУôõӽ¡
ͬѾǩˣȴегйʱҪſΪ̫󣬵ȵҪſʱ򣬸ָٷš
ίһегҲ𣬲͵ô˹ҲõôĿһԬķҪˡ
егſĿľΪðõȻټ£õԼ񣬱Ϸõ̽õ̬ȡ
õӣԬеһüĿϾһʽĴѵ᲻ӦԼҪ
𣿡õֳ˻ȥɫ糺ӣԬЦʵ
һ˵£õ̸أͬǩˣǿһֱûзţЩż
Ԭһ˵ҪҪҸгк
֪еĹٸгкôĬղŵΪˣõͲپܾˣԼæ˵ããллԬǣ֧͸ˡ
һõԼкԬеǳʧеõûýԼ׼ղŵķӦܵķӦǲԸԼ˼ΪίǣȻǿӲȻǾûʲô˼ˣԼңھȻʶȤôæ
պãһˡԬɫȻվ׼ȥ
һԬ̬ȶ䣬õһʱ֪룬ֻҲվԬǣ
£ԬЩˣתȥͻȻȥõؿûǰ׷ȵһԶһԬԷ˹ʵܣͳȥûУ
õûгһϵֱ֪ûͳȥ̾һﻹˣ˼ֻϲǮϲҪֱǮɣ
ĻõȴǿЦһ£˼ҼȲϲҲϲǮϲˣ˺ֲͣٳϵ˳裬˭ܴһ¾Ǻܼ򵥣ŮˣҪ¾ΪȻǳ¾õŮˣǲһʮַŵŮˣҲԼ׷󣬺οԼһŮϰ壬ѵԼһŮϰ壬ԬȻֻһƿ
õǳƣûкҶƽ˵֪Ҷƽϵã˰죬Ͱ¸˳ȻûԬֵĸ߳һ£оԬе˼͸ȻҪѵҪǮ
ڰõҪ£רȥҶƽ˵һ˵£ѰõԬ¸ҶƽҶƽû뵽õҪԬ񣬱һ룬ðõЩˡ
Ҳõ뷨ͬǩˣŲҲǺܼ˵£뵽绰͸егһ绰һⷽ£ܲܰպͬԼ
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егǲͬſҶƽµ绰ͶԳ˵Э̣Э̲ɣԺߣҪôͬҪԼſðõҪͨϵˡ
һҶƽĻ˵ԬٺͷԺкô죿ԺҸ𣿡
Ҷƽڣ˵Ժ᲻
һҶƽ˵еףһҶƽԬȥֵĵص㲻ðɣҿҪ¾ˣʲô
Ҷƽһ۵ûʲôͷĵȥˣҪ˼ҡ
Ҷƽʮӣһ뵽õȴ˵ƽΪʲôôİõǲ֮ѡ
ҶƽЦȥˣ˻Ϊ֮ʲô𣿡
Ȼͦͦصҵ룬㲻һʲôʱһ᣿
ҶƽǺһЦæ˰֣˵㣬ˣ¾Ͳ̸ˣȥͺͰõ˵߷;Ժߡ
һ죬ɨһҶƽȻȥһЩԥ˵ƽҾ̫ˣ²ô
ҶƽȴǼᶨصðõôѵ㻹𣿡
ҶƽӣͻȻе滹ʲô飬ѵҶƽðõ߾ԬֻԬίǣҶƽܸù


742 永
֮£õֻӳĽԺǼУϣзſĳŵһߣмԺˣ·ԺһЩԥģϾߵУȽϴһķԺԱ治ҽӣ½ʲô鷳ʾݽ壬ݽ˻㱨ְ֧֮õŰշάԼȨ棬ûʲôͬ
һӾˣһƱ͵гУегһôԺʹƱˣõˣôУⲻǰܻе
ег绰õô£ʲô²Э̵ģҪߵԺȥⲻǶĻԺûٴǿˡ
õͣгٳٲǷſ֮ǰΪ˴˺öķչƻΪʽٳٲܵλ޹գҵΪ˶⵽ʧҲûа취飬ԸͰѿϳߡ
һõ˵егߣֲӦſõȻǲͬ⣬̸˰ûнегȥԬԬһõȻˣû뵽ŸеģڰõУøгǹҲסˡ
һ뵽ԬегҪģݽйѰӸأһðõӮӡ
егһԬô˵ˣǷˣصİӰߵ⣬ݽڰ칫ͻȻӵԬ˵绰ȥԬǰ칫ȥһ£һԬҪݽȻҲҵæϵίԺȻԬİ칫ҡ
һݽԬ￴һ۾˵ǷԺûյһõ˼ҹеİӣ
ݽһæ˵յһӣֻǲ֪ǲԬ˵İӡ
ݽֻһԺԺԬﲻΪǣȻ̫ݽһ˵ӣԣǷԺҪегҹˣǲҪ
һԬİӣݽǸеЩ⣬ԬӦˣȴô̫ʧίǵˡ
һ룬ݽ˵ԬǣѾˣܲˡ
Ԭһ˵ѾˣǾͰȥ֮ǲðõӮ
ԬҪݽԽܣֲԬ磬ϾԬίǣλܸߣԣֻлûкôȲֱӴӦԬҪҲܾܵҪ󣬻ȥԺҪá
Ԭǣһ̫һȥ˽һ㱨ôݽһ£һ֮ơ
Ԭһ룬ӦҪ˵ȥú˽һ飬õ˵Ĺðõųߡ
ӦԬҪ֮ݽ弱æ˻ȥȥԺõϵܲܳߣõ͵ʾܳߣȥһôݽͳںȰ˵ܣ쵼ͬ־עֲߣ½ܲ
õ˵ԺߵҪϷôǲѵλ쵼ͬ־רо䲻ɣ
⻰˵ݽϲÿҲ£ԬҪ˰죬ʲô취ڰõֲּߣҪоõɰûôܷˣ
µ绰ݽõҶƽ㱨һ£ҶƽίǣȻ˵Ԭŵ飬ԬһĵĻӦҶƽýˣҶƽֳʲôԬѵеΣ쵼ŵЩЩԬԸָʾֽϣԬֻ˵һ˵˴Ԭ𻹻⵵ӵ£ĻͰˡ
绰͸ҶƽȥͷҶƽͨ绰ݽһ룬ֱȥίҶƽְһЩίĹϣֵĹ˳ԺðѾίˡ
ȥҶƽʱ򣬰õѾȸҶƽȥһ绰ݽ˵ĻҶƽһһоݽ岻ˣ˵ʲô쵼ͬ־ע飬²ӦԬʩѹˡ
һ뵽ЩҶƽ׼ݽйһûȥʣݽˡ
ݽҶƽ£֮ݽͶҶƽҶǣҸ㱨£иԬǺܹעҪҪõ˰ߣҺѰ죬ֲȥԬ˵͹Ҷ㱨һ£ҶҲͬôҾô
ݽֱӰľ˵һ£û뵽Լ㱨⣬Ҷƽһﶯ˵ԬҪ˰ߣɷϷɹ涨
ݽ˵аǵҪаԬڵҪǺΪѣҶίǣҪȥԬ˵˵飬ܲ˵ҪҪô
Ҷƽ˿ݽ岢û̴Ӧ˵һͷһ£ǣһаշɰ£УɵĶҶʲôҲʡ߼ԺԬ̸̸飬ҿ˵ɣ㿴вУ
ҶƽĻݽ룬ҲֻˣԺ黹ʡ߼Ժأʹоõˣõߵʡ߼ԺʡԺԬû취˰ɡ
ҲƸʡԺԲԵ飬ʡԺˣ϶Ϊòԣ»õҶƽԬЭ֮˵
ݽ㱨֮ˣҶƽϸһ룬ԬΪһίǣȻ浽ԺİҲ̫ϹˣԭΪԬһСĵˣڿǣǰСֻģʵӦһȨˡ
Լ׼̽裬ѣڰõѹиˣ㲻ˣ鵽ʹݽ岻㱨ҲͬݽôҪԬ֪໥ϵģԼĹҲԼ֧֡
ԬһԼ˵㣬ΰʹίǻίȷˡ
Ҷƽһ룬ȥԬ˵һ˵£ݽҪݽô㱨飬Ҳ˵ݽһܼԭˣĻô㱨֧ݽ壬ǾݽͻĹԭˣ˵ԬƹԼݽ飬Ǿ͵һĶֵأԼ£ԼҲǲͬġ


743 ͬſ
Ԭڰ칫棬һʡǵĵ绰֮󣬾ҶƽҪ
һҶƽҪԬһ뵽ӵ飬Ȼݽ˵ˣݽܲܰҪȥ죬ЩûеףҶƽҪһҶƽˡ
ԬһӣȥͰҶƽ˽һҶƽ֮ԬϾ¶ЦݣоԼҪõҶƽˣɫǺ
ƽǣʲô°ԬȥЦ˵
Ҷƽ̬ȻãҲЦ˵㱨һ飬ʾһ¹
ԬһǺЦƽǣʲô˵ɡ
Ҷƽ֮󣬱Ҳ˵Ԭǣݽұһ飬˵һԬܹעǾôںΪѣֵĺܣҹԬ㱨һ£һô졣
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵꣬Ԭ͸о˶ˣݽôҶƽⲻǹѿݽֱ̫ûͷˣ
ƽǣʲôʱעӣݽǲ˵Цֻ÷ԺĹί֣ҪʲôӰ쵽ȶ£ھİ⣬ôʣҲʱҾĳˣһô죬ʲôΪѵģڰݽйһԬϵظʲô永ӵ飬ˣǾҶƽץסѱˣô
һԬʸڷ£ҶƽЩ⣬ͬʱҲԬΪƣΪı£һݽ水ּˣʲô׷Ԭ϶ˣʱξȫݽһ˵ˡ
һ룬Ҷƽ˵ȻҾˣԬҲȥİӣݽ˼һȥ˵˵Ԭ㿴вУ
Ҷƽ˳Ԭ˼˵ȥԬһͷȻݽ޵ҧгݣǱϻҪֳһַ֧Ժеӣ˵ȥݽ壬Ժ£вӭΪʡԺˣûȥȥίǣⷽҪҪ˾ܵܶϰյķУȺڵķӳҲܼңҪξڷԺƽǣ˾ϣ㻹Ҫ¹򣬹ԹܺãԺԺҲԹܺãǲҪֻעιעη찡
ԬͻȻ˾ܵìͷһӶ׼ݽ壬һݽʩѹһҲڸҶƽ⣬˾ܣȻҪԺԺһݽΪҪΪѷԺҶƽȥ£Ԭֿ˵û˾ܵ飬ίΡ
ԬΪƣΪıǺǿҶƽǼʶˣ򽻵ʱҪСһЩˣЩҪԼܲͬ⣬Ͼ˾ܣȺڵȷǿҰ
ԬǣǱߵҲһֱڹעȷһЩ˾Աܹ˾УֻҪ鵽˼в鴦һҪв鴦ͬʱһҲҪ£һܹƽ˾ĻҾҲҪԺܵ˵ĸţд˰ӣȺֻιΪ˾ϣҲǲãΪ涼ҪǿСҶƽ˳Ԭ˼˵ȥͬʱҲԼš
һҶƽĻԬ͸еҶƽڹ˵˵ŵԺ참ˣһ룬ɫǱ׺ܲõ˵ƽǣǳҪҿҪﱸһ飬ʱҪϯúõؽһ飬ϰմǵļǣ㿴вУ
оԬֱӲˣҶƽһȴǲ÷飬ϾԬίǣίӦ˲ǣǲܷԵġ
һ룬ҶƽֻôӦﱸʱԬص㽲ٽĿչ
һ룬ҶƽֵԬǣҪǿ̽Ҫӿ찡ǲоһ飿
һҶƽ˵£ԬͲͷصٿ˵ˣȾɡ
ԬǲԸҶƽ˵ȥҶƽһǻ˵ʲôֱ¡
ҶƽȥԬЩҪһݽ壬ϸһ־ҶƽЩе֮õ߹Уû֧֣Ųȥȥ飬Ͼ֮ǰûй֮ǰõǲǵõҶƽ֧֣ݽ֮ǰ͵õҶƽ⣬һ飬ݽȥҶƽˣ˵˵ȥпҶƽĻ֣ݽֻһǰ̨ˣԼҲûʲôá
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ʱһٿķӣרһ˾ܣݽףû֧֣Ĺͻٺܴѹʱʡｨ齫ߣѿˡ
һᵽ˾ܣݽٵѹǺܴҶƽȥԺһ˵£еԬܲˣȻ˵̹̹ε²̹̹ûģؼҪƶ
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ҶƽݽݽһеΣеҶƽĵǱ쵼ε飬ܵһȥˣԬ𲻾˵ĻˣҿûаҪȥ죬϶
ݽڸеһҶƽ֧֣Ԭʩѹٲ٣Ҳȥδõ빤֮İˣһаշɵҪȥˡ
егԬӦԺ󣬾ûȥʲô£ϹûãԺ֪ͨȥͥегһ÷ԺذõôҪͥѵԬûаƽ
егæ绰ԬԬæأһִ绰ֱӸôľʹ÷ſľͷſ¾͵Ϊֹɣ
һԬ˵егͲԼĶˣѵõƽˣͬſˣʲôߣʲô˾ֱӷſõŲ
绰ԺегǺƣԬҲǰˣˣ˼һߣſˣ浽ʲôЩˡ


744 гѡ
õˣегõԲãҲΪֵ˾֪ͨԺõͽˣзſõߣͽˣԭΪ»𲻵ãû뵽ô󣬰õֻилҶƽˡ
Ҷƽ׼ȫе飬ûãί˵ԬһעʡҪ˭г˰죬ͨʡί֪֯гһְɹҲίһλͬ־ΣǴʡͷеˡ
һǴӹҲίͬ־ҪгԬ𲻽ЩģȻҲίϲ㣬˵ķչкôǵȻǻӸ£ͬ־£ǲã
ԬЩģ²ܾģܴӹҲίˣ϶ƽģ˼ҲʲôȨһ½ˣһ룬̹Ȼȥʲôˡ
ĵһһģίǺгӦһͬģΪҪйҲίͬ־ְгŵгĵ
ʡί֯͹ҷίһλ˾˾һͬУλгͬ־ˡ
ٿһȫ쵼ɲᣬ֮ǰԬίǵʱûٿΪԬ֮ǰ͵гҶϤٿʲô쵼ɲҲʶгҶʶҪٿһȫ쵼ɲôҼһ
ҶƽȻҪμεĸɲᣬٿɲǰһ죬ҶͻȻ˵绰ƽһϢٲȥǵгˡ
Ҷƽʱһʵ˵ʲô
Ҷε˵ٲȥǵгˣٲ㲻𣬾ĸ磬ǵһ棬ԭƽѩ˼ģ׷ĺܽǺû׷ɡ
ٲûӡֻЩٲᵽطгٲڹҷί˾ְӦȥʡְû뵽ְ⵹Щ⡣
ôᵽгǲΪϼʧˣҶƽʵ
ҶЦ̸ʧʲôƣһ£һطľ飬ܿܶ㻹һЩעһ
ҶƽЦֻһ棬ôǵңѵΪƽѩѩԼͬһģ޹ء
Ҷεô˵滹ǵ£ܶ𣿶СһֱҪлһ
ҶƽЦθҪĿǲΪ˼гҪ˼гǿɲô򵥵顣
ǺǣԣңһҶξǴЦ
˵˵ЦЦһҶƽŹµ绰µ绰£ٲߵгǺ»ǻ£ٲĳĻȻŷѹ治ð죬ԬڶҲˣίгҪίЩøɹˡ
תһ룬ٲԬԸȻǲӦԣٲԬ㲻һȥأΪί֮һ᲻ΪǸԵ£
Ҷƽһ룬ָоؿٲϲ㣬֮Ȼ׷˵ԬǺȨߵһ𣬹ƻ߲һȥʱһìܿ϶
ɲ׼ʱٿʡί֯ĳ񸱲͹ҷί˾˾˻᳡˾˾Ϊٲ׳Ƶģ˵»治ҪϾʡί֯ŵ飬ֻҪʡί֯˾Ϳˡ
ٲһ˲ģϯ̨ϣԬȣеһƴȻ˵ԬûڹҲί˼ҿǳѧҲǼ棬ŴѧʵˣǷҲһ㣬ٲһֱڹҲίҲһ㡣
˿˵ɫΨһľǱٲӿܰһ㣬ԬĸҪһЩ˶۾̨϶־
ʡί֯˶ٲ֮ٲ˱̬ԣı̬ԿԿҪһģϾǴӹҷίģŹ㷺ԴȻҪһΪһЩĿȻеGDPչ
ٲ﷢ԣԬЩˣٲһ˼ƣĸɲҲǿţҽΧٲΧίǾЩܿˡ
ֵԬ̬ԵʱǿҪίƶĹչ˼·һί쵼ӵĴ£չãƶĸȫȫй¾档
ǿίãѹٲղŵķԣٲҲɵӣҲ˽һԬôһ˵ıǿЩмԼȻ˵ȫǶƽ𣬵϶;ֹڴˣ˭ҪһãҪĵʶȤίҪΪѣкÿġ
ĸɲԬٲ˷ֱĽҲһЩζг緢ԼţԬȴǶȨʮУڴϾгһӿкϷˡ
ʡί֯쵼̨ϣ˵ĽȻһ˼Ҳ˵ʲô鲻֯ŵܿƵ˵ģʲôìˣǵʱ˵Ѿˣʲô˵ˡ
гһٷҷί˾˾ʡί֯һȥٲͱòԬרټίίһһģһ´ҵĸ飬ͬʱҲٲһȫеĿ
ҶƽȻҲμĳϣٲһۿʱϷǳľȣΪ֮ǰ֪Ҷƽ﹤ȷʵ֯ϵһĵţĿĵȻ
Ҷƽ֮ǰ飬ҪǲҶƽЩˣһҶƽǹȥֳָ˲Ҷƽĵϸ֪ģСڿƽѩˣ
һ뵽ˣٲʮֵĲܣͬУҶƽֵʱȴû˿ı֣֮ǰʶһ֡
ҶƽȻҲˣ򵥵֮󣬴ҾԬֻ飬൱һγίᣬҪݻǽһеĹٲڻ᳡Ե㣬Ԭֻ߽֮ʾһ⣬Ȼ
ٲӣԬ𲻽üͷһˣٲʱòûгЦ˵гһΣѴټʶһ£Ǿһ磬ӭгְгǹίĸɲˮƽߣǿǶҪгѧϰ
Ԭһοףٲʵ̽ٲ̬ȣٲǫĻӦԬʾѧϰģԬѧϰ˵һЩҶָ֮Ļ


745 һֵ
Ԭһ˵꣬ٲ˫ֽ棬˵﹤ǵǰȻԾýΪģչþְΪгչҵҪΣҪץüصĴĿͨĿȫеľ÷չ֮ǰǸξ͸ҽ˵ףֻҪǰ׼ãϹصĿбһǧѰķչûᣬһʹһȥ֤ҪķչᣬղԬôѧϰûʲôѧϰģ޷ĿϽܳһҲ˵ллҡ
ٲһͰԼƸ˵ˣΪίĹԱ϶ŲٹҵĴĿֻҪҷί΢һЩбĿƾ͹Գˡ
ٲ⻰˵ô֪ĺôĳίȻͲСȨһӾǴӹҷίɵĹԱͻܵ˵ӣôһ˵ĳίǶˡ
ȻҲǫ˵ԼûʲôѧϰģԬʲôǫ飬һҫǰҫڽҲûᵽûбֳеٲĵеĵλ˳
ȻоԬȴ˵ʲôֻܳٲЦЦгеĴĿȫˣ˵ôŪǾôŪ
⻰ȻǷ˵ģŨŨķζҶƽҲˣⲻԬķԬأٲҲٲȴװŲӣֱ٩٩̸֮ǰǶеĵλһ˽⣬нͨȽϱǸ·͹·軹һЩͺ·ǵǰһҪص㷢չĿ⣬Ҳһҵأ͵ʯĿصгĿҲҪչǽҪҪΧ⼸濪չʵоõһͻơ
ٲѷչ˼·һ˵ԬЩˣٲͱֳھ÷չĻȨίǸȥȨɾԽԽ󣬸ոմӴӰ߳ѵҪŲٲӰУ
˴һۣԬ𲻶ɫ˵ĿȻҪϣֻдĿҲһܰеľ÷չȥչӪòķչ֮·һҪȫзչһ壬ҪϴĿϴĿҪչӪôչӪãʡίҪǵľ÷չȥгǶ˽һЩɣ˵оһһ⡣
Ԭٲѻ˵ȥˣĻͳٲһ˵ıݳˣһԼķչ˼·ʾٲ𣬲һʡίҲ̧˳ٲжı£ջʡίίģŶרǲеġ
ԬĻٲ˼û˵Ԭͽһ⣬һҶƽûԤϵǣȻо̽Ҷƽһֱооȴʱоˡ
ٲʵǿԬеýסĳίҶƽһֱϵܣ̽ͰõʵѾҶƽ϶ˣ뷨ŤתԱͻȻо飬ҪóǧԪ顣
һҪóǮ̽裬ǿ˿Ԭ֪ĿˣȻҪ˾ӶˣһֱҶƽпҶƽϵҲԵؿٲʵǿβȴһҶƽȻֺһٲ
ôһ룬̬̽ʾ޴ҽо֮ύίогոܶ࣬г˽һоҲ١
⻰һ˵ĳίǶ𾪣˻ҶƽҪչ̽£ҲԬӣյĿȴٲϣٲһ㿪ʼٲ£ˣתʮֵ
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һԬüͷǱ˪һ㣬ĿͻȻҶƽ˼˵Ҳ֧㣬ԣڿŰɡ
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һԬڿҶƽûзӦ֮˵֮飬ҪƽǵҪƽһֱ̽裬ΰǳҿصȵоύίᣬڳίϽ飬ڳίн
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Ȼ⻰һ˵꣬ٲ۾һԭҶƽҪ飬ֲ֧֧Ҷƽ
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ٲһ룬˵ðǵǸòС͵СģһͨؾҵˣҲӦ㣬ҪǮˡ
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ĿǿٲٲƢЩ׽͸ˣѲٲ֮ǰҶƽϤǹ֧ⷢҶƽģ


746 Ԭ֮
ͷе֣ԬҲǸе֣Ϊ£Ҷƽû뵽ٲʱƺҲ£ҶƽһҶƽһӳ˫ĶҲ̫еˡ
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Լ֧µģҲ飬Լǲܷٲˣֻһܽᣬˡ
Ҷƽû뵽ǰԬһֱŲɵ飬ھȻ˳Ľˣǧ蹤ʽˣ˵һܸ˵飬һܺõ
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һ˵ҶƽҲͬˣֻҪԬҺٲٲͱ£ԽԬ֮ȥԸٲˡ
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ź֮ίҵĹԱʼίҪ쵼ŵ飬ҵĹԱɵ÷ǳ棬ѸٲίίûеõϸִУоͰ̵ĽĿ


747 ֳΪ
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ȥǰ¸߸ٲ֮ٲİ칫ǰţٲ˵һ˽ȥ
һٲ̧ͷһۣ㿪˵гίҶһ飬˵ί鲦ֵ̽ʽٳûʵרŰҽйȥ㱨һ¡
һ飬ٲɵŶһ˵Ȩ쵽
˵ԬǵİţҲ빫йأֵȥίҷӳˡ
һٲɫһ䣬˵ίҶǵίţôܶ쵽ͷϣҲжңѵҲܶ쵽ǵͷϣԬΪûִгί飬Ȼ飬ôֵίҵǣǵĻΪûִгί飬ֱӹңǽ͡
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һԬԬɫͷǳ࣬ʹһУٲںҲ𲻵ٲã䲻ã粻ʧš
һ룬ͰҶƽͨһһٲںίĶ죬ҶƽǸеٲǲôöԸʵ˵ͷġ
Ҷƽһ룬Ԭ𣬽ڶżǩʾȻֱӰŲֳ֣̫Ǯֵˣٲʲô飬Գί죬ô졣
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ԬύıǩԼ֣ʾвϸʵί飬̽ʽ𲦸֡
̽˱˽вֳ֣̫֣̫ԭǴŵĲֳԬίǺ󣬻ûüһԬʾ涨ôĲгǩֲУûٲǩ֣ǲҪ֧֣
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ȥָ֣̫һ绰浽ʲô˼ǲҪ̽Ǯ֣ҪҪгл㱨
û뵽֣̫ѯ⣬浱˵Ԭǵʾ㿴Űɣֲǲֳô


748 ֱ˵
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һһǧȻȫʽǹˣҶƽһ£̰ѷֳֹܸʼ̵Ľ衣
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749 γг
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βһ仰ͰѺ־еˣʡίžΪһгβɷʲôìܣȻͬʡί֯ѡˡ
ʡί֯ڻæȥβȡгУ֮ǰʡһʧרŹβʾʲôرҪ
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ίί֪ԺҲǸе֣Ҷƽ˵ʱҲίǵҲ࣬ھȻͻȻγгоԭʢ־ҪγгϢȴˡ
ʡίίῪûãʡί֯ԬίίгԱ˴Э쵼ӳԱίвϸɲټȡʡί֯
֮ǰѾһ˴Σίһְɴӱĵеһ˵Σ֯ȻϵΣίԶΣЭϯӵĵˡ
Ȼɲ˾˶ߣͷҲǸζУ˴Ǳ߾ûʲôˣҲûоְȨˣȻ˵ҲλߣȨȴˣҲãøոմӸλһĻᣬȻĻ˴ЭְλֱӴίǵλĻǽûӦ
εİŷǳ⣬ܴӳгֱתЭϯĸɲеˣٸȥҲʲôҪĸλˣְȨЭϯܵһδҲͲˡ
гϴһͨĸгίίУȻǷǳ˵ģⶼԬƼĽԭʱڱ˶ôԬʱԬһίǣŪ֯ҪĸλҪԬˡ
ίԶԬԭĴܼңܵﵣμίǣҲʡίԬҪ󣬷Ҳܵμίǡ
˵⼸ˣʡί֯ͬʱ֣̫Эϯ飬Ԭʱеٲ֮¸ûг棬ʡίȻĽ飬֣̫Эθϯˡ
ʡί֮֯ǰμӻҲ۷׷ףǱߵרҶƽ£гһְˣȻ֮ǰҶƽְҶƽӴ࣬˵ҶƽҪϸ񣬳гźö飬֪Ҷƽһʲôˡ
ٲҶƽͻȻγгҲǸе⣬гȻһ֣ҲҪгЭʱ£һҶƽģǺȴǰҶƽֱӸˣҶƽͻȻϳгҶƽԬģгɾǲøˡ
ҶƽһۣٲʼŽĶԲߣ֪ҶƽͻȻǲԬµһ壬Ԭ֪һЩҶƽ飬רҶƽԸԸȻǿѹ֮ҶƽȴûʵҶƽҲѹ
ҶƽֻǵίǣûʲôӰ죬һϳгЩðˡ
ٲһʱɫŽ飬Ҷƽûб飬γгʹϵͳ»ع鵳ϵͳ˵һµĿʼֽصùȥˣǴٲԬıھùϣ˶Լ⣬гֻһִˡ


750 ְ񽻽
ίİһ䶯ҶƽίǹֳΪг־нλӣʡί֯һϺ󣬱뿪УԬ֮󣬱Ҷƽȼ˽еһ𣬰ְ񽻽ӵ顣
ϺԶ˶ǰƼģԬеʡίҲǺֵ֧ģȻڳгϳһСʣǺ־ܳίǹֳҲһѡ˵һ䶯ΪǿٲȻЩᣬǹûʵҲûõģⷢݣҲģʲôã
ҶƽٲϵҲǲٲǱ߿϶ҪܵǣƣͿԴƽˡ
ͻһֱǵطʵɣʵԬһֱôϲˣڵ˴ЭǱȥίԱӵľɣˡ
µίﾴ֮ǰû˹ڵȻҪҲеصġ
ﾴںԶԼ־мǷĵģҶƽЩģڿһСְҶƽͺ־неԼİ칫ң̸һ̸ְ񽻽ӵ顣
ҶƽվԼǰԬЦ˵ƽ㵽ǱߵγгˣʡίӰĲ٣⼸ɼպհ־нλӣҪµĻȥ
Ԭ˵Ҷƽ΢΢ЦҲûʲôɼ޷ҪֹƽһķƽͿˣȥܸӣʵܼ򵥣ǱǧͷǱȽԬǵʱָʾ
ԬһЦƽ̫ǫˣǱʲôҪֵ֧ľܿڣǳгĺöҲҪİģھ÷չʲôõ˼·һ
Ԭһ˵Ҷƽ֪⣬޷ԼǱܿһٲȻһ£ٲԮ
ϣҶƽʱûʲô̬ȫԬ𣬸ٲһҪԼţŷԸ񣬲Լʵ
־վԱ߿ˣ֪ԬҶƽ֮⣬Ȼȥί͹ǱߣһЩϻҪҶƽ·ߣ򲻵Ҷƽ⣬ԬҲ⡣
˵껰ԺҶƽصίֿʼӹһֱĹͻȻ֮ҪߣЩ᲻ãϾˡ
ͷ֪Ҫˣҷ׷칫һЩвĸɲ;쵼ӳԱЩ˶쵼¸ɳ˳ɼģҶƽͻȻˣһǵ˳гȻҪ
ԼҶƽЦǴкȻټ̸һʾǵĸллԼίǹֳڼԼϵ֧֡
ôҾæ˵ŻʾףأҶƽǵ֣Ǽúùξֳ쵼ԼĹ
ҶƽһЩ飬ڴҶ֮󣬵ĵ߽ҶƽԼҪǴܸܲҶƽǱȥ
Ҷƽһ£ߺúùҪĻῼġ
Ҷƽ齻֮󣬾뿪ί͹֣־о͹λˣ֯ϱѺ־͵ί͹֡
Ҷƽίﾴڵͬµٲ֪ҶƽγгǳǱλӣɲʲôĵģҶƽһλӣͲôˡ
鳤칫߹㱨ﾴںҶƽ飬ٲɫ˼棬һ뵽Ĺϵ⣬ֲôֻóӭ
ʱѾǰЭְȥҶƽλӣȻǸ˵ģʲô鶼Ҷƽһա
ٲĹӼҶƽﾴˣʡίѾˣﾴڰҶƽ͹һڣٲ֮Ц֣Ҷƽﾴ£ﾴھЦŰ˵һ£ٲȻףйҶƽһ棬ȻźҶƽİ칫Լķ
Ҷƽֲ̫İ֮ﾴٲһᣬȥˣҶƽԼǼ䳣г칫ҡ
Ϊг˼ĵڶ֣һԼķֹܹһ滹һЩӰ˵Ҫ鵽ԼȻϱгһ֣гһ˵飬Լгճгڳȥ˼¡
ΪгҲ¶ҪԴаĸ鳤һܹܼң鳤ֱӦһгЭǴ
칫ΣΪٲһ˷ģͬʱҪ칫ҵ飬ԱȽϵæⷽȻ˲гˡ
˵Ǹ鳤칫ҸΣ൱ڰ칫ҵĶ֣ȻǶӦгǳٲһˣ֣̫ڵЭϯٲβֳȻǷǳĸˣְλٸߣҲֻһ쵼Ľɫһ쵼˲ֳǿɾһܸˣԼ쵼ˣҪܱ˵ķĸоǲһġ
Լİ칫ңҶƽǴһµķ䣬ķ仹ǱȽϿģռĲֿȥǲԭǻķ䣬һܻܵˣ칫װ޵ıȽݻЩе칫ҸݻûʲôҪ뵽һֲ׽ܵ־񾳽ȥ
Ѿˣ칫֪˿ܲˣȻҲͲȥ⣬ֻǽҪٸˡ
ڰ칫Ҷƽһ룬οչΪг˵ҪֹܵĹ϶ǳҪĹΪǶһһ㲻ֹֹܹܸơʲôģһҲҪñЭһ£ߣ֪ٲڷֹϻʲô뷨
ٲԴߺĿָԬԬͥ񣬶ԼҲΪ֮⣬С̵ľԼԹҷίȻļͥû뵽ԼᵱϳггһܴԼ֪ô롣
ô룬ԼһҪԼĴڣȫ˼Ҫ죬ȨҪһԼٲʲô͸ʲô
һ£ҶƽоԼҪҪվȽŸⷽʵҪԬ֧֣Ȼ֮ǰԬıֺʧƷ仯ҲҪԼԼҲҪúýԬһЩˡ


751 ֹ
Լİ칫ҶƽһᣬҲû˹ԼȻ˵ԼոΣûнʽطֹʾ˱Ƚ٣ԼΪгЭгץȫ湤ҴճģôҲûԼ㱨
һ绰йһʣһ룬Ҷƽְѵ绰ˣڲż쵼ûнзֹأȵʽطֹ˵ɣϤһ˽һȫеҪ
ţͻȻ˵绰˵ٲҪҶƽ֮һ룬ٲİ칫ȥ
ٲ֮ʲô𣬵һþ򽻵ͬˮҲûչˣٲҲӦ
߽ٲİ칫ҵʱÿ㱨Ź󣬱˳Ҷƽ˽ȥ
һҶƽٲվЦ˵Ҷг
ٲЦеӣҶƽһصгң
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Ҷƽ߹ȥ£˵гʲôԸ˵
ٲЦҶг̫˴ӣʲô㿴֣̫ѾЭϯˣֳһְ϶ҪøˣչȥΣʲô뷨
һٲҪóյβֳҶƽ͸еЩףյʷЩǣǺû׷ΣϴεĶ֧Աплżѡкȴ뵣βֳһҪְʵǸе÷ˡ
Ҷƽһ˼˵Ĺôæͬ־λӷǳҪҪȥҸоʰɣ
Ҷƽôһ˵Ա˿϶ٲһһ۾˿ҶƽҶƽǲΪ̲ԼȥʲôڹŸɣԸֳ֧յβֳ
ҶгյβֳҲͬģֻǺ˵һĹȻæǲܵ˼ͬ־ǰ;ٲɫص
ٲ˵Ҷƽ룬ԬĹϵٲȴҪóյβֳѵ֮ͽˣЭˣ˺ͽЭˣٲαҪԼ˵Ԭδͬ
гֻ˵ԼԳյβֳһְܲóյβֳҪίоҶ˽⣬ΪΪֳףⲻ칤æ⣬ʹҲͬβֳҲҶƽ˵
û뵽ҶƽԺǿԬҲǲҪԬϣȰҶƽηˣ
ҪԬϣȻҪһЩòոսţܾܿͻҷ𣬱˻˵һˡ
ٲеҶƽĴڣֽһӱ̧࣬ͷҶƽҶгΪ˭ʺϵβֳ
ҶƽҲ̧ͷٲһ۵ֳһְȵûƣȻƷжƵƣְܵ񣬳ҪЩԶ˭βֳⲻҵְȨΧֻ˵ҵ
ٲһһûޣҶƽֻǷԳգȴ˵ԼѡоǹΪѣһ˵ҶгһЩϻҪϣǲܰѹɺá
ҶƽǵȻҪϣгڲ𣿡
ôһʣٲоû˵ˣҶƽר԰ԾͰ˰ֵǺˣ˵ˣȵ磬ǿᣬȷһ·ֹ⡣
ҶƽӦһȻ˳ȥٲóյβֳ£ԼԳʶҲβֳ
ţջص칫ңͿնЦ˽ʾı飬Ҷƽ鵭ҲԼֺˣԱȡԼ֧֣βֳ
Ҷƽ˵ʲôҲûԸ˵䣬˻ֱˡ
磬ٿг칫ᣬо쵼ӵķֹ⣬ճ棬쵼ӵķֹڲ£г͸гһÿгķֹгкܴĻȨֺùԺӦгίᱨֹȡóί֧֣ʽȷ
ٲٿг칫ᣬĿľҪȽڲķֹһ൱е⣬гһ飬ги⣬ⶼҵģ⵰дСҲкûͿгĹϵˡ
֮ǰзֹڲǷһС䶯һҶƽķֹһԲķֹԲ¼ί˸гҲҪһ¹
ҶƽΪгȻǳһЩֹͨȷģҪճôͱֹ칫ңٲֹҲУĹȻǿˣԭֹܵĹ̫ȻҲǲеġ
ٲΪгȻȫ湤ҲзֹܵĹ֮ǰԬֹܵĹƹΪƹҪһĶԣñ˷ֹˣôԾʧˣֻҪгһֹܣĸгûвȨƲֻгһ˸Ƽලβʵ
ĻӦٲٲѴټԺ󣬱㿪˵˻쵼ӷ˱仯Ҫ·һ¹ΪгȻȫ湤ģҶгǳгҪճԲгҲҪµһ¹һ£鶨
ٲ⻰һ˵Ҿ˼ҶƽҲٲηֹе飬ҺҪôϾǫĴͳĻ۷ֹʲôһȨҲһΣ˭ҲǿԼҪֹʲôηֹҪһֵġ
Ҳ˵ٲֿ˵ƹֹܣҿһ£һᲦٵʽУʱֱӷֹܣֱӷֹܵĹһҪֹܸԵĹҶгͽԭгֹܵĹԲгǽӹԭгĹ䣬ҿô
ٲһ˵ҵĿⲻǿҶƽΪ֮ǰһ黹ɻֹܵģȴٲֱӷֹˣȻ﷢һСı仯仯ȻСǷӳȴǲСҪ֪ʮҪԳгεгһ˵ѲгֹܣٲȴҪֱӷֹܣȻӳ˶ҶƽĲΡ
Բûжٱ仯ԭĸгʵ˴ˣճλӱˣȻʵĹⷽûʲô仯һվˡ


752 뵱鳤Ů
ٲҶƽֳܾ֧յβֳ֮󣬱㽫ȨȫõԼУֱӷֹܲҶƽֹܲˡ
ҶƽȻǲɫ˼ҾȨٲԸԼֹֹܾˡ
ҶֱӷֹܲٲͷģҶƽֹܲôڲֳѡϻȨͻ࣬Ƴյβֳżʹ˷ҲͨϾԬѾЭˣȻнϵˡ
һֹĵҶƽķֹܹҪǰȫƼ졢ʲס衢ˮ˰󡢹ɹֹ칫пƼ֡л֡м֡йίס֡ˮ֡е˰֡֡ɹġϵй˰֡
˲֮⣬ҶƽֹܵĹҪǻԭֹܵĹЩ˵ȽҪȻҪɳгֹܣȻгҪֹճҲ˵йرļҪĿĿȨ޿ԼģԼҪֹܸгģʾֹܸг˵ģг
һĹʮֵķæί쵼㣬г˵æְˣΪ࣬ίĹҪ࣬гһ˵ԱȽϳѣмȥһЩճ񣬶һжɳгˣ֮£гҪǲæǲŹˡ
쵼ķֹ˳ίϣҶƽʹ˻㱨ɳίǽ飬ԬһٲԷֹܲǽҶƽüͷһ£֧ҶƽֹıҶƽԼģҶƽ˲κȥ棿
Ҷƽ쵼ķֹ֮ԬЦ˵εķֹԭһ㲻ͬٲгԷֹܲˣеĲúòãȫٲгˡ
һԬ˵ٲֱ˵ǷģеĲϱȽϱһҪ跨ȡҵķ֣ǿеĲԺҾֱӷֹˡ
ٲԵһҲԬ˸оû˸Һ߸ϵгԿˣҶƽҲûȥԿĻҶƽ϶㱨Ӧֹܵ顣
һ־棬ԬͲ˵ʲôˣҶƽ侲ع۲һУڲԸ䵱κ˵ĹߣԬԿٲٲҲ£ԬʱκһԼĶԣ˽ô
ίֹı֮󣬾о˲ֳһְѡ֯Ԭѡˣǲְֳλһ֯˵ģȻԬ⣬ڳյβֳϣԬҲЩìܣΪҲһֱˣٲȻΪֳ㲻浽ô£ҲʾָʾָʾҪȥ֮£޷ܾˣ˵֮ǰٲ̸ʱҲûбʾԣٲҪóյβֳ֯Ȼֻܰ˼졣
ֳѡǳգҶƽǲԳһֱпģȻΪֳѡȻԬٲ˵Ȼ˿ܶϿ˳գڳί۵ʱȻԼĿΪղʺϵβֳһְ
ԬһԳյβֳͷǲ֪ҶƽվıߵģҲˣȻ˵пͶٲĻǳٲ֮ĹϵϾǳѵջȫٲģ
ҶƽĻԬû˵ʲôҶƽһ˵ķԣܷԳյһ֮󣬳ջΪֳĺѡͨˡ
һյͨˣٲǵؿҶƽһۣҶƽٲͷʢԬͷαҪȥ˶ȥˡ
յ֪Լβֳ鱻ίͨˣʮֵĸˣϾټһȾƣףԼǨϯ˵ҶƽȴǷβֳģʮֵջ𣬸оҶƽרԵģҶƽҪʲôԸԲǡ
һΣͿճһ鳤칫Ҹελӣ칫кü˶ְλҶƽǷֹܰ칫ҵˣǵȻȡҶƽϿɣȻϸ鳤
츱δӢ÷ʮ꣬һ仨ҲһŮǿˣ·ͬʱƯˣͬ־Ƕٲ֮󣬾ͿŪҲ˵鳤⣬Ӣ÷Ҫ
һʼӢ÷ҲΪг˷Ϊ٣ǹһʱ䣬ͷٲǶ忴Ϊһ˴ԼٸȻö˵Ŀ⣬ٲг˶ⲻһ鰡Ȼ˼Ҵгͷˣûʲô֮෴огڣδػһõķչ˵˾֮Ϊ쵼öһۡ
һյߣҶƽҪһ鳤ܹٲ߿Ҷƽ˽ģ³أУһһӡٲᣬ쵼Żзչǰ;øˣ£ܼߡ
Ӣ÷Ͳ뷨ϴҶߣֻҶƽڰ칫ûߵʱ߽Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽһ̧ͷЦΣ㻹û߰
Ӣ÷ݸһЦгûߣĸ߰ʲôԸġ
ҶƽеĻͷЦ˵ˣû£￼ǿ⡣
ҶƽӣӢ÷æ߹ȥһˮȻ˵Ҷг㹤ǺƴΪҹ͹ƴˣû뵽ҸƴǱȲ
ҶƽǺһЦûа취ƴаг߹ҲǺæ
Ӣ÷̾һҲʺгĹ࣬Ǳ䣬ʲôʲôԸʺϸɣܸҶг߹ͺˡ
Ӣ÷⻰һ˵Ҷƽ̿ʱԼİ칫ԲʲôԸ˵
ҶƽԼӢ÷ЦһµҶгǰҲֱֱȥʲô˵ʲôǰ칫ҵ˶ˣ쵼ʲôʲôѡȨ
ҶƽЩ֪Լ˼ˣһٲ߹ˣһ棬ȱһ鳤Ȼ鳤ҲǸɲǸ鳤ȻҪȰ칫ҸελӸߣ鳤ǿֱӸ쵼ģ칫ֻܴ칫ҵ顣


753 ˵ٲ
ҶƽӢ÷ЦЦȻ˵ΣȻӴ֪࣬㣬߹г᲻˵ģ
һҶƽ˵⻰Ӣ÷гôС˰ɣҶг÷ֹܰ칫ⷽзȨġ
Ӣ÷һŵԼٲǽǣٲ֪˿϶ˣǴӢ÷ҲСԭ˴ƽĶϱȻƽĶӲôϱȴǺӢ÷Ըٲ߹ٲʹҲÿǵƽĴڣȻٲ˼Щ˵ƽӡ
һ룬Ҷƽ˽Ӣ÷Լߵ뷨ԼǿԼߣһԲԼ⣬гԼûжٽ飬ԲǸոսĸгҲûжΪ칫һ飬ҪһְӢ÷ǿұҲǲСȻԸ⵽Լ߹βԼ£
ҶƽԺ󣬾ôӢ÷ȲҪ˵뿪ٲߵĻٵȴһȽΪ鳤˵
ٲһһ֪Ҷƽְ칫ҵ飬ټȫ칫ԱƼһ鳤ѡڴӢ÷һҸ·˲һӾͰѡ˳ѡ֮󣬾ύоۡ
ٲԴӢ÷θ鳤һûʲôһϣûʲôͨˣ֮ͨ󣬱㱨ί֯ȻֵίϽоһȦӢ÷ʽ鳤ͬʱΰ칫ҸΡ
Ӣ÷˸鳤ҶƽʾԸΪٲ鳤ķ񣬾ͲҪ鳤ٸٲ˰ɣٰһ칫ҸξͿˡ
Ǿ˵ҶƽߵɣҶƽǰ죬ٲ԰칫Ա½зֹ飬ٲһôֹ
ҶƽͱʾҪһ鳤ЭԼݸԼϵҪѴӢ÷
һҶƽҪѴӢ÷ߣٲЩ˵Ӣ÷ں鳤һЭҹĹΧҪѡ˰ɣ
ٲ¼ΪԵ˵ӣҶƽþˣֱ˵ҪӢ÷ͬ־˵ҵ⣬г㲻ǿһ߰ɣ
һǴӢ÷ҪҶƽ߹ģٲ˶סˣ˵˵ʲôӢ÷Ҫ߹
ҶƽƽصǴӢ÷Ҫ߹ӵҵĹ˵ҽ칫ҹԱҲҪ˫ѡܸõĽϡ
ٲоЩջ˵Ľ鲻УҲͬ⡣
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գգ۾ٲҶƽ˵˵Ԭδ˿ʩѹԣֻǲ֪ҲԬ󡣡
ҶƽЦҲ̫СˣóϣΨһԵˣ˵Ҷͬ⣬ôش£ȫԬֻҪΪ£ҾһжԺ¾ڴҹĶǣòһȥʲôҲˣõһȥҵȻԸԬ
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˵ĿʵٲҶƽЩš
ҶƽŲ㣬Ҳǿ󣬴Ӣ÷ҲŰ죬ȻԸ߹αҪǿӳ֮β˳ˮ⣿


754 ؾһ
ٲҶƽһ˵ǣȻͬ˴Ӣ÷Ҷƽ߹ЭҶƽٲͬ󣬰칫ҵԱµķֹǷ֣ڳ֮һλ鳤û˳λȥλӣôӢ÷˹ȥ
Ӣ÷Ҷƽ߹Ҷƽֺ֧ǸˣҶƽһڰ칫Ӱ಻ԷרŸҶƽ÷͹ȥҶƽе˼ˣ˼ұϾϹˣϹ֪˶಻ã
Ӣ÷ȴǲΪȻҶƽһλɲҴǿɣٲҶƽоķģΪҶƽеȽ¡
ٲҶƽĻ֮С࣬ϾгҪ˴ѡ٣˴ǰ˴ƽλ˴ǰκ쵼治ܵˡ
ԬǱߣҲʱһգȲʲôĳͻٲҪȥĿΪҶƽһĵҶƽȥĿ
Ҷƽȥһ˾ǣӦһͬУԬ֪ΪҶƽٲһ𣬾ڼЩҲɳȫٲˣѳո˹һ١
Դ˲ֳǸоǺǰһˣֳŲȨиŶҪ˭ķ˭ĹܣһŵͷͷԶҪֳԷ˵Ļ˭Ҳ
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һ˵ί츱ξջˣȥί鳤㱨鳤һоСӳˣ㼱æԬ𱨸档
Ԭһʮֵջ𣬱ѳսеԼİ칫ңûָıֳŸոɼ죬ǲǲˣɾ͹ȥĶȥĶҪΪҹܲˣھͿԳְ
Ԭһ𣬳ոһ·æϴ󣬱ʾͷͰѾѸʲôʧ˴Ԭ˻𣬳ոոβֳҲϽȥһ٣֪ؾͿˡ
ôûгһȥ˵⻰ԬͻȻ˳һۣ˵
˵ԬǣгȥĿֲҪȥܣ϶ȥгȴǰҶƽȥˡ
ҶƽһҲأֱӳƺҶƽˣտԬ΢΢ͷ
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Ҷƽֿǻһ˼ңƽѩҶζ·ˣһҶƽЩİҼҶƽЦЦͰһӾͿ
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ԼΪҶƽ˵ƽѩ߹ȥ裬ôҲúͰһˣ
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֪ԬҲǷģĻٲһҪüĿһгģίǾȻʧɫˡ
ҶƽְԼȥЭص˵˵Ԭ۾һ벻ҶƽֱӵЭأָǸطĶӡ֧ܶһǿһ¡
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Ŀ꽻ٲЩģôܰĿ蹤תƵίߣĻͿԲһ֣Ϊίǣܲȫٲɣ


756 Ԭ֮
ٲҴҴӹҷί˻˴ξ֮öнһʯĿͶʸߴʮԪĿǹҷίθЭģҲר֧ٲģϼҹϵ֧ٲеĹȻġ
ٲɹȻ·ûüĿǽһĿԬȻʧɫˡ֮ٲٿ飬̡ίصĲŸټȻегҲȫᣬרоʵʯĿ⡣
ڻҪλãٲԵø緢ͬ־ǣξ֮ջķᣬҷίΪһʮڵĴʯĿĿڹҵķչƻ֮ڣɻʯŰǳｨʽȫ֧չһشٴ룬һҪ񣬰Ŀɰã
ٲЩ㵸ţ˵ɫǺˣӣҶƽԱߣ治ǸеЦһ͵ĿȻѵΪĿʹȫˣΪгԶֹչĿô򵥣иҪ۵طôչջҪᵽϰûеõʵݣֻǽһ͵ʯĿȥط÷չˣϰܵ٣ܽϰվĻԬ˵ҪչӪãҪĿҲӣȻͻķչˡ
飬ٲҶƽԲҶƽǳгҪʵҶƽٲ˵ģԲǷֹܹҵ黹ҪԲ
ҶƽٲܸߣȻǲȥˮ֮ķԸø׼
˿ҶƽԲˣٲ˵Ҫץø׼ԱȡĿأһѡַҪصĻصõҶгⶼֹܵķͽˣ
Ҷƽ˵˵׼飬ȫȨ𣬲Ȼͳﰲš
һҶƽһҲ׼һصĹҪȫȨٲеҶƽȡȨĿҶƽ˴׼ݹ͵ҶƽȥˣԼֻҶƽһصĹصѡַҪİ壬ôҶƽȫȨ
ٲʱһ˵ҪɣҶгֻɣغѡַȥһ£гҪЭصĳﱸ漰صĲԱгЭ
ٲԲ֮⣬ԸȨŸҶƽҶƽһ֪Լз֮ģȻͲˣŪʲôףʱȥʡͷŪˡ
ٲ֮ҶƽͺԲˣԲ·ϣʾôٲԸˣá
ԲȻҪҶƽ棬ٲֲþܾҶƽٲôԸô죬гҲȥ̨һ˵Բŷġ
ڵ֪ٲŪһʮڵĹĿ֮Ԭڶȥ˰õȥӲ죬Ȼ֮ǰ԰õЩջ𣬵ڿλòȣٲͱˣûʱ;ȥŮ˵ˣҰõдҲõˣٴõŽӲ죬ĿĻҪչʾķչ˼·ǾҪչ׳ӪãϰյʵݣֻдչӪãòܸһЩҵչ
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Ԭ˵õͳͷǣֻҪ֧Ӫ÷չǺ£ǵøм
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ԺԬٿί飬о̨һǿƽӪ÷չٲȻոҪĿĿϾûأԬʱƳһȻҪѹڵͷ
Ԭͼ֪ٲҲûɷԼǿӪõķչڳίϣǲ˵ԭʱڳίϺǿƵģεĳίϣȫԬ˵Ͼ֧Ӫ÷չǵĵ飬ĳίǴԬˣһٲ͸оˡ
ԬһУʶҶƽ˵飬ж˼طȥԼΪ֧ߣȻһ˵ûãҶƽݲˣλ˵֧֣
ίһɢٲͻصԼİ칫ҪһԬԬӪ÷չô͵뷨ӹоõķչ׳оǾԵȷȻҪչӪȴǻܵһЩ˵ĹҪչ׳оãѵͲܶԿԬӪ÷չţ
ٲʱ⣬ҶƽͬļҴ͹ҵȥӲ칤ΪҶƽֹܹʲҶƽȥڷֹҶƽҲ˵ȥֻøعȥӲ졣
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ٲĿĵȻΪȨӣҪһӹо÷չϢ˳֮󣬾洦һһʣȨ嶼ǽнˣٲ˾ͷ
ҶƽֻǸԱ߲˵ӣȨҲЩ͸Ҷƽ˼Ҷƽᣬ˼ȴ쵼ǲСӵġ
λгȨҲڹ۲ٲ۲˰죬оٲ˲ôϣ˽ʱĲɣ֪ʲôѵг˼Ҹе֮⣬̬ȣ˸еӦ֮⣿


757 ˳ˮ
ٲعŽӲ죬Ȼֵһ͹ģĹй˾ȥ˿֮ص£Ҳձıֽϡ
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ٲҪǽѡַõأרҵԼ˵ʯжһƫͬʱͨҲȽϷ㣬ַ
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ͻȻ⣬ٲͰеԼİ칫ңҪóýʯĿ衣
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ٲ˳ѡгƱֻһС粨Ҽᵽ⣬ʲôΣǻһһ۷׷ףٲеʮջ
ҶƽһȥٲʱҶƽмˣҿûȥгпѡϣһҶƽ֮󣬱ҶƽԹ£˵ڰ
ĻҶƽгǲΪԬڰ㣿
ٲ̧һƤ˭û꣡
Ҷƽȴ˵ҿδأԬίǣҪ˳Уʲô⣬Ҳð죬Ӧȥ£Ϊˣһܿƣͻɴ¶ˣǸʱҲѲ˹ϵҾ밵˵ˡ
Ҷƽһ˵ٲʵ˵˭ң
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ҶƽķٲһоǳеԬ˵ĿһЩЩ˴ʹԬҲģһڰи
϶Ȼ˶ңƽ˵Ǹô죿ٲڰҶƽԼˣ˵ҲǺУһֱѯҶƽˡ
ҶƽȻûʲôøУͷŰ˸εıӻϼ˵о˲ٵĲƸĻἯŵһҴҵȴǱ˵ˣ־ֶʵǷǳĲƽû֧֣ôܷչô죡
Ҷƽٲ߽һЩĵ˵гʯĿϲϣҿȰĿֻаεǵʯĿ˳ƽֻҪε֪ζˣг㲻ͳ𣿡
ٲһ˵ͷǿӲ㿴Ҫķ
ҶƽѾЩβ󲻵ΪҪһǰѻἯȦصعջصľӾϴһǴǣһϰû˸˸Ļȥְ֣ͻеѹˣʱӦ䣬ٷʲôΥǾͺôˡ
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ڶ죬ٲٿר飬оʯĿ飬زŵĸԼֹܸгȫˣҶƽȻҲҪᡣ
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һţº㿪ʼˣ鸺ʯĿѡַص£µǿط뻪Ἧǰչһزغϣʱ鲢֪ٲѾӴˣҲ֪ʲô͸оµѶȱȽϴ
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˵Ҫã֪£˽һ֮ЦŶܣм¹鷳㡣
һ̣ЦеصֳԴݹ٣ʲôֻܷԸˡ
ȴЦĸңǰҪܻ㱨һ飬вһ͵ʯĿѡַǿغϣԹһ¸ô죬ǲҪĿΪأؽ
һȻ飬һֱ壬ɫҲǳ˵ôҽ
շɵĹ涨겻޳ջأأһĲģ
һ⻰ջˣ˵ĵأʲôʱ򽨾ʲôʱ򽨣ҪҽأǸʮĲ


762 ɹ涨
һջҲǲˣôҲĸɲһҵܣͬʱǴǣҲӦֱ棬ûһ˴εĸ磬Լ
ܣշɵĹ涨õڲ㽨ģȨջأⲢ˵ʲôʱ򽨾ʲôʱ򽨵ģĻǷɾͬˣĹҲǲ᲻˵
ǰһ̸ɣǻˣ˵ģջؾջأϲϷɣ
շɹ涨Ȩջأǹҵǹƣ˽˵أֻнȨûȨȻŲֻջء
һİٲҲ˵⻰һǾ仰Ǹ㹻⳥ǾͲܰҵջء
ǰҲҪҪǳԵʣŲôһ˵ɶҲû˵Ťͷˡ
֮ƽϢһ飬æ绰һҲǲƣȻҪռӻἯŵأҲ̫ˡ
˵һ֪ˣ˵绰µ绰֮£о鲻򵥣һûȨҪջأϴٲһ£֮ûˣ˴£ҷǳʽ϶ٲּ⣬ٲ˺ǲ˿ˣҪ˭͸˭ҶƽھȻҪ㵽ͷˣ
˰죬оͲסΪˣӲܣֱ֮ȥԬԬ㱨һ顣
Ԭ֮Ͱһ˵Ԭ˿Ȼһ룬ٲڰìͷ׼ĻѹǼ᲻СҪٲʵͬʱҲʵĻкôػʵǿٲҪһҲǺ¡
һ룬Ԭ𵱼˵Щ̫񻰣ôֱջػἯŵأڰйʴ¡
Ԭ飬治ǸеοԬ˵껰֮󵱼绰һ£״Ҫ뿪Ԭȴ˵Σ㲻ҪߣһһĽ͡
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ӵԬĵ绰æ˹һԬİ칫ңҲһԼȥ飬벻ôͲִˡ
֮ԬʵֳǹҪջػἯŵأ
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һԬȻٲҪջص£ǲصгǹȨԬǣҪ绰һг£
Ԭһ˵㲻ùˣǹֱֲջظ˵أг˵⻰˵ģҪίҪ
Ԭ˵ȻǲԬ磬Ҳڳö˵ʲôԬ˵֮ˡ
֮ԬͶΣûٲģѾ鲻Ҫôˣٲôˡ
Ԭô˵ǱʾԼǳ֧Ȼ֪˼ԬǳмˣϲǶݵԬǣٲԴǲѺܶ˷ѵΪԼͷۣòˣԬ÷ҪһģǾָӡ
Ԭ̬ԬҪ仰һҪٲ䶷һҪ֧ڲĿĶﵽˡ
ٲǴͷģЩ˵ﲻ𣬵ﲻܶɣҲǺΪѣ֧Ĺʡί϶⣬ӣ㶼أҷҲûðԸԸҲܲţ˵ǲΣԬװε˵
һʱ˵˭ֻҪԲ᲻ܣԬǣ㲻ùܵĻҪ㲻棬ҳ棡
ˣԬ˵ΣϽֻҪٲͷҲûãҲҪСģ˲·ģ
ͷ·Ǿͱ·ҲһУһгͨ裡
ԬҲص˵ͷʾһµ뷨Ȼİ칫һ֮ˡ
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ٲڰ칫ҶƽԺ󣬱ȥĽ㱨ˡ
ٲһɫʱ˵ҪʯĿ·ˣֻǳǿӲƽ˵Ǹô죿
ٲĻҶƽ˵ͷһаշɹ涨ֻҪǰշɹ涨˭ûֹģ
Ҷƽ䲻ٲ࿴һۣ֮ǰҶƽй£ҪҶƽԼĸҲĬͬһЩ顣
ҶƽĻ֮ٲһӵ࣬Ȼ˵ֳȥԺһջػἯصı棬Ȼύоʱֱˡ
ٲ˵Ԭǲ׼ôǸλظ
ٲһԬɫһ˵㲻ùܣͰ˵˼ְȨȨ
ٲʮǿƵӣȴЩԼ;ϾԬΪίǣǹŹñӣٲȥٲܱס
ǣҶƽԱ˵ԬԹȥг˼ȥˣɹ涨ǿôôǾӦɹ涨ֻҪϷɣǾͲ¡
Ҷƽǹܹˣʶ˲٣һаշɹ涨ٲһ˼·Ҳ鲻Сġ
ҶƽĻ֮Ͳ˵ˣԬҶƽɣֳԬǰ


763 ߲
֮ٲͽһҶƽⷽ£ҶƽͰַһ飬ٲͷⷽҶƽˡ
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ҶƽھͨջػἯصѹֵǵһڶȻҪĴְˡ
һ룬ҶƽԬϵһ£Ȼ͵Ԭİ칫ң֮ҶƽЦźԬһкȻ˽
ҶƽԬȻЦӭҲҪҶƽ֧֣ٲ⣬£Ҷƽ
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Ҷƽһ㱨Ԭ϶ǶҶƽʾͬͬʱȻҪʮڵĲҲ̫ˣֱɮˡ
ҶƽһۣԬ˵ƽг˵ˣҲˣҪʮȷʵǹˣһҲҲУ˵ǲǣ
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ҶƽĿԬ𱣳Ȼûȡ֧֣Ҫٲ˲ܴӦ
Ԭһ룬ǴӦҶƽҲֵٲջôȲ棬һȵ˵
Ԭ֮ҶƽǲٵԬ飬ֱӰԭõķо
齫ķύ飬ٲֳ飬˶ԻἯǶεؿ޳ջصľȻɹִָС
֪ǿִеѶȺܴҶƽ׼ȥֳǿִУһӵйָ·޳ջصľû͸˺ˣȻʹ绰¡
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Ԭ֮䣬ȴļ٣뵽Ԭ²ʹ죬˴ȨලΪΪǼˣҪǲٲΪˡ
˴칫Ҹһ绰˴Ҫִд飬׼
ӵ˴ĵ绰Ժ̽ٲٲ֪Ҷƽ˹顣
Ҷƽһ֪ҪҲ磬Աٲ˵Ĺƣǲùܣˣһˣô죡
ٲ˵ͷ˵ʵڵںΪҶƽĸ룬СĶˣҶƽǰ棬ں棬Ҳܺá
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֮ٲҶƽһӭӣıǺ࣬ٲ߲ƣٲȻҲǲηɫҲûЦݣֻҶƽЦ˵֣ӭ˽ȥ
Ļң˺ҶƽǷ߶ճӦٲһ´ǣʾӭٲһɫȴǲԸ˵Ļ˿ҶƽҶƽһӭǡ
ҶƽоٲЩǵֲ˵ֻÿڱʾӭ˴ִһеָӭ
Ҷƽٲǿٲܵٲְְ͸ģʹĵطʵɣҲ޷˼۷
һе»޷ٲˣҪһٲ֪е뿪治תΪܽ飬ֻܻ飡
ҶгĻúܺã˴һרŹˣշɹ涨˴ԼලΪ˴ѡģҪշɵĹ涨£гҶгϡҲᵽ˷ɹ涨Ҷƽ֮ͬҶƽİշɹ涨Ϊ˹£İշɹ涨ȴǲ˽ġ
ٲһĿⲻһȻ߲ƣֱӰˣھͿạ̊́ûãԼԲ׵طŹǡ


764 
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ٲѽڵҪ˳涼һЩľǿһˣŪʲô
һᣬѻҪùˣͽ˹ȥӹ֮￴һȻͽԵһ˴ΣǸ˴νӹҲؿ˿֮һ
Ǹ˴ξǿһȻ˵һݣоĹǺϽģȽܹԴ˴Գֿ϶أҷһС⣬ἯҲصҵҪ޳ջ˼ҵأҿף˼ҵҲǸۣܾ˼ҵĲƲûˣⲻϷɵľгҶгڣʲôͣ
ϣ˴˽½˹ͨ˴ΰѴ˵Լ˵ٲҶƽһȻˡ
ٲҶƽһۣҶƽ㿪˵⣬һ£Ἧǰ˴˵أһֱûп裬ͳ˻ĵأǹطĹ涨ϵģԾջأͷвټҵڽνȦء͵أǶûжȡһĴʩǾԻἯŲȡʩҪҵҪȦ͵أһἯŵǿǣʯĿص£Ǳ㰴շɵĹ涨ԻἯŵؽջأȫľ
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ҶƽἯȦ͵ص࣬еӰҾҵҾЧҲЧʣڻἯŵĸƺԸϣһǽǿִУ˴ⷽܰǶǾͺˣܻ˳һЩ
Ҷƽⲻ֣ȴһЩ̼ۣ˵ûἯſԱ߶ӲûըҶƽ˵֮ʵ̲ס˵˴ΪȨջػἯŵأǿƽִ
ܴӣҶƽһ˵ΣȨȨ˵ģҲ˴һ˵ģǷɹ涨ģ£ȻȨǿִУΪȨ˵Ȩ⣬⻪Ἧŵĸǲ죬Ҳйһ£
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ٲӣѧҶƽ侲Σ֮ǰǲԸԸҪûа취ֻǿջˣȻܵܣ鷳ľ
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һʱֱΪб绤һʱʧˣҶƽһ˵ʶЩϵˣ˵Ҷƽٲ˾⼤ŭջ˵ĻѾˡ
ߣͻȻת˵һ䣬ȥҲٲҶƽ˴кˣĸһҲɵۣҲǣҲǣֻղ˴ζٲ˵гִ͵ΪֹɣȻȥˣ
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ȥԺһʱҪеٲǺҶƽһһڸ飬ֹٲһڸˣٲҶƽϣҽҶƽûֱܴӰϼһˣд
ٲҶƽ˵һһͣеûжٰ취ȥԬԬһ´²УȻظǿջˣӿûˡ
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ĻԬ˿صͰ˵ˣԬһеٲҶƽҲǹΪУ˿ӣϼһˣҵֹôٲҶƽǿҶƽҲ˵ˣñ֤ʯĿ˳Уô죿


765 ǿִ
Ԭ⣬һ룬оסٲȻиƽ⡣
Σģһٿί˵һ˵飬ϸշɹ涨£ǵļලԬ˵
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ʱ˭Ҫǿأԭ˵ҵʱû
ҲǣЩͿˣʱͬҲ޷ûжٻˡ
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һ㲻ͬ磬ڵжֵǮֻ֪ҪҾˣ˵ҲһͬҪˣȥʡһˣˣֹ顣
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͵˵ͷȥ飬һȻǲٸʲôɫˣϴȥȴǺڷԼܸʲôɫ
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Ͷһ⣬صҲͲٹ£öΰڼңһ˵¾Ǹòᣬûܵίһ˶еˡ
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һôؾǰʹ뿹ҲҿˣվֵģԱһǰһѾͿסȻŤˣΰվԱ߿Ҫ޲̽Աˡ
Χ۵ȺҲܶ࣬Ҷ֪ǳû뵽Ҳʰˣ˶ùˣһЩ۸˸еǳˡ
ٲֳڴǰ뿹ҶƽһŹЩ˲űסеǳˬ죬ǰˣʯĿ˳ˣٸҵңֱù
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ĵһջأ˾޴ĺ䶯ЩȦ͵ص˸еЩţҪô򱨸ʾҪн裬Ҫô뷨ظתˣԼǿջˣһʱ֮еһЩгĵ̽гегԾһӣؼ۵ҲǽһЩ
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Щ˵ɾ͸ɣίŷãڵδڼ䣬ռ弯ĲƲû˸ҹܣǸ˺óʱûнҲֻˣǱָ˳ȻΰǾڴ۸ȺڵҲнҷһʱ֮䣬ŷþֵż
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Զ֮Ҷƽֱǰ˵ǣ죬ɲԣ
ԶҶƽһۣһ±ǿ˵Ҷгѵʱ찡Щ𣡡
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ʱмί˸֪ԶȻҲǲ֪мί˲ŵصļίأֱӰʡί˰ġ
Ⱥ˵ߵʱһǷǳӣǻǵȥֳˣΪλֻҪλһʲôڻܸ˵̫硣
Ҷƽڵ֪ץ֮󣬱֪ϲѹмίֱӽߡ
ҶƽҲ˽һ£Ĺǳķæ鶼㼯ˣһֱдȻĹȻһľȨԬٲ֮󣬰иһӣϣӴ֮ٲٻҶƽ˵ǱȽأҶƽܵгҲһõѡ
ҶƽҪʯĿʵʩ׼ѾˣȱľһʽˣֻٲˣܳϯĵʽٲȴǷǳĿȻϯʽֻõȴԺ˺òС
ҶƽĹǰʮֵСģԭٲû֮ǰҶƽǰŵĺܣôҶƽҶƽҲҶƽ˹Ȼ˵ǵгʱҶƽҲûзӡ
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ݽһһԷʱ˵˴£ҶƽʱûֹҲֹ֮ܲûгȴǼס£һֹˣѳո˹
һҶƽǰ̬ȹ࣬Ҷƽ˿˵ŵĹѱҪ˼ұ֤ܴڳÿҪڣֳͲҪˣŵĹѣΪʲôֱڻûи˼Ҳȥ
Ҷƽذѳոһ٣յͷվæ͵ڼϴһЩС⣬¿ûмʱȥһȥԺϾʵ顣
ʲôϵ⣿еļ˵⣬˼Ҫǲ䣬⻹ڣٷνļ⣬ɴְˣҶƽս͵Ŀռ䣬
Ҷƽ飬ŶҶƽһ䣬һ뻹ˣȵٲ˵ɡ


770 鴦
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Ҷƽȴûж˻ֵԬǣʡ
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ʡίԬ飬һǼʱģ̣ǾҪôҼṩص壬˵ľӪʱ䳤鸴ӣڲֻһС֣󲿷ֻûеҪЭ
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Ҳ˵Ԭ͵ίﾴڱһ̬ﾴʱ̣Ȼûʲôϸ𣬱ֱ˵ʡί鴦ΥΪǵεľģұ˼ӵȫϡ


771 ¬
ﾴһ̬ĳίſʼ˵ҶƽƽؿŴҵķԣȻһ̰٣̰ٲһǻˣôȨƣȫΪίǵݣƽʱĹУڹˣɲҪģίĹϵҲǱȽϺá
ҶƽĹϵһ⣬ΪҶƽԸȨȦԸۣͬʼսõĹϵ
ڴҿʼ϶ֲ֧鴦ҼٽҷһЩ飬һʱ֮ͬǽƣȻ˲㵹ˡ
һ鴦𵱳ʷ鴦ɵӰ컹Ϊеĸɲ̫̫УǣԱ̫㡣
ܵǣߵԭ˴ƽڵĹ̵УʡίƽڼΥΥ͵ȻƽѾݣоסǻüί˸˫ˣ˵˫ͬзԭӵıըױȡ
Ҷƽƽؿһε籩ε¼йأҲ޹أܳľ棬ڿõģƽЩˣеȨƣ׳ԼҲΪԼļ棬ʹǵļڵźܴȨƣǮȨ໥֯еص֣ѾȺڣܴȺڵĽǶȿˣκõľߣ涼ڶǽв鴦˵Ǽʱг˶
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ŴӾˣһܼҶƽ鵽˭ҶƽߵģĵһССüĿڹҶƽͨһ¡
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ŵĵ飬Ҷƽ֮밵ߣҪʡί¬⣬ǹٲ¬Ҳһεĵ鹤ڵĹУͻȻ⣬ͬʱ븺ϵʮУһ飬㽫ɵìͷ׼Ҷƽ
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һҶƽʮؾƽԶ㱨¬˸ıƣĿʮֲ˴ίλʵǱеȶʮֲ
ƽԶ֮ʱû˵ºҶͨһ£ûã¬ӽʡߣθȥˣȻһְȥҲҪʡίǵĵλʡίԵҪĶࡣ
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ҶƽԵǰһЩ飬Ȼ㣬ҪĹٲϾͻˣΪˣĹҲֻʱ֣ٲһҪóλӵġ
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мίϵлֵ飬ҶƽһֱɣԶԳȡ˫ʩ޷жֻԶ
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ԶΪԬֱ֧֣ȨƱñȽϴڳϣЩ񣬳ֻΪûиӣĵ飬ӣɸʾ˭ίǵӣ˭Ҫ³һӰһӴһʱ֮ΪͷԬٲ֮Ȩһˡ
ԶΪҶƽȻ΢ʣҲǵίǵˣȻԸʹΪ˻ߣרŶԸԼˣԶҪ顣
йֵĸһͻȻһ绰ڻڶ֧﹤ֻҶƽȥйֵĹ˱仯Ǻ־еιֳʱԶ֧ӵĹȻôӣµճǿࡣ
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ȻֳûʲôͰʵǵ˵˵˵ЩԺ󣬸Ϊû⣬û뵽ǣһмίԱͻȻνйֹģûλ쵼ṩ
µıһ㶣֪ίΪʲôͻȻҪ飬ǣԼͨпԿϵģûλ쵼ṩ
˵ί˾Ǻ˵һûпϣΪʲôֿ˵ڶΣǲ˸ṩ
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Ÿһӣί˳˼һᣬֱ˭½еڶοԵģ
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²ܲ뷨ҶƽĿһ񣬶κȥ£ڼίƺҪȥеüί˰Ҷƽˡ


772 Զĳ
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ԶĵӣҶƽеһϺ꣬˴򽻵ҪСһЩе鶼ƵļίԱϣԼʹʡίӳҲᶯֺ뷨ӽ²С
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ٲ绰ԬʴµԬƽظΥͣмί飬Ͼͻͨ顣
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ٲҴ绰ԬˣʾǼίڰ참˼ǲҪ档
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ԶȻ֪ٲһҲǺСĵģ˵ѱˣ֪ٲʡﷴӳʱȻǼæȥԬԬʡί壬ȶٲ뷨޷óѡ
Ԭӵı֮󣬵ȻǷǳĲΪٲڲ̨ٲҲʡίľҲǰʡίʡί顣


773 յĶԿ
ٲķӳûеõʡί֧֣ȻٲžĹϵ⣬žϾҪµӰ죬ίǲΪ鰸⵽룬ʡίȪҲͬҪԶԬĿûдﵽ
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Զڽ³֮м֮ƣίǵȨеЩƮƮȻԬڶҲӣоμίǶˣһԬоԼֱͦˣٲЩͷģûôԿܵһֵ
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Ԭ𿴵ô쵼֧ٲȻͷˣǻҪԴΪأϾЩ쵼ҲҪĹãʡ쵼϶ҲҪġ


777 Ҫ
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ԬҪЦǰ棬е˽ţٲʱزŻһһʵɼҵķɡ
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ʯ͵ĸҲǲСβɣβɺ𾴣βɶҶƽѺãҶƽɫҲǺܺá
һٲȻǱȽ緢ԬȴǸоЩڣƺô£žҲǶԸкƳ磬ҲǲʲôҪʵҲ޷䵱ʲôҪԬ𲻹һ¼ĹԱѡ
ٲڲϲذʯĿ׼кž˻㱨֮ͷΪίǵԬ޻˵ˣȻ˵ٲģΪίǣǲǸʡίǻ㱨
Ȼٲ¶ĻᣬžƺҲͬΪٲ˵껰֮󣬻廰˼䣬ٲһһشˡ
Աߵļίǣһ֪ԬӴ֮ûٲп⣬ΪίУеЩڣϯƺٲΪίǵԬһרŷ˵Ӷˡ
ٲʯĿηǳӣҪãȡΪǽʡһɳԵĹҵĿžٲζ˵
ٲһ˵ǷģһȫԸץĿеĹҵЩʯĿһϣеķչǰͻùˣĵһۣ
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ȻеžǰԬԲұֳʲôµʱžͻȻٲҪúϣĿãٲгĿһ㣬ҪһЩ֤Ŀá
žҪٲϺãȻ˼ٲǣԬȻеЩƣϻ΢ЦŵǣһϺãϺгĹ


778 ҵ԰
ϵľϯԵԬӹĹĵģȥԺˤ˱ӣҿҪˤʱҶƽùһҶƽ˽¶Цݡ
ƽʡһԵÿɺãԬЦ˵
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ҶƽҾһ뷨Ҫٿίо
һҪоԬɫְ֪гʲô
оԬںͷٲҶƽҪԬĿѰٻҵ԰ĽȨõԼ
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ٻҵ԰飬ĿԬ֧ȻĿĽȨõԼٲĿǰʯĿϣ˵ܿܲͬ⣬ջɳ²֣ȥ
Ҷƽ˵гҪǽʯĿӪҵ԰ץȻһǰԬ˼죬ʡֵ֧ģֻҪԬᶨ죬һ˳ġ
Ҷƽβ̧˳ԬԬ֮ͷоҶƽ˵Ķԣβַ֧չӪãٲҲûãҵ԰Ȼ󽻵ҶƽϣҲͷģֻҪҵ԰ˣͿٲʯĿˡ
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ڶ죬ʽʽУ쵼˻ʽԬ𣬾Ҷƽ̸ľ˺ܶ࣬վʽճ̡
ٲίнԸ쵼ʾӭ緢ذĿĳﱸһ½⣬ʮܡ
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һֽԬǸеοβɹȻôԺٻҵ԰ʦˣٲҲǲˡ
βɽ껰ɸкžǰʯĿȻмʣʮ쵼ʼǰĿ
мӣʽͽˣȻݣǷǳ¡أٲ棬ڽ֮ڸžԱߣԬվԶˡ
ĿһҪʼȫؽ裬ʵص㣬ٲϲ£ʵ֮Ĺ鷳ģʱû⣬ӵŸžٴλؾƵϢ
Ϣ˰Сʱңкžβɵ˾ҪʼˣԬרŰߣٲȻҪǡ
֮вŸƽԬһ룬ҪץסһЩ飬֪ͨеĳίͬ־ίҿᣬѧϰоʡ쵼ͬ־Ľ񣬲һĹ
ʵʱٲҲٿ˵һ˵飬û뵽Ԭܿ죬ϾҪٿίᣬһҪٿĻǾ볣ίͻˣʱһ뻹ȥμӳίˡ
Ҷƽӵ֪ͨҲίίңڳίϣٲ治ռʲôƣίԬٲЩأȻίռƣ£˳ίľ飬Ԭڴûа취ԱӦȫֵԬٲʱеʮֵľɥ
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ɻ֮ʣĳίһ˽ˣղԬİ칫˵һỰȻԬһ£ҪһЩϴһ£ٲҶƽ֮ǰˣû˵Щ顣


779 һֵĳͻ
Ԭһɨ֮ǰľɥ飬ȡҶƽӴӪ÷չȣһٲᷢչùĻȨһǷβɵҪȻžĸɲΪٲֻβɵĻˡ
ȻҲΥžּ⣬ڳίһʼѧϰžʱһЩ񣬱ʾҪץʯĿ裬ӿȫصĿ裬˵ʱѺõؿٲһۣʾһֵ֧˼ٲ⡣
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ҶгҲҪʲôӪùҵ԰ٲҶƽһۣЩ˵
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ȥԺȻҪٽоչְְȨίԽ޴ҡٲݺݵ˵һ仰
ίһٲԬˣڵЩңٲϾгԬʲô飬ûг֧֣Ҳð죬ΨһԬǣҶƽ֧£ҶƽǱŲСҶƽҪ£ƶˡ
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Ȼô˵ǹñҲôõģԬ޷һãֻǷݣʾһ¾İˣҪȥҶƽг취


780 ׵ķ
ٲȥ֮󣬱绰Ҷƽһ½ΪһҶƽķӦһȴǷˣҶƽȻԬôôȿ϶˵ģھҲûʲôãʲʲô粻ʣҶƽԼƤοչЩŵĸûԼкȥʲôҵ԰
˵ʹЩϣҶƽҲûʽЩ飬ΪʯĿռȫдغʽٸҵ԰ѶȺܴҿܸ
ٲһ룬ûȥҶƽٿ飬оһʯĿĿչҶƽģҪ˸ˡ
ҶƽЭʯĿǾҪٻһ£ԲֹܹҵĿ뵽ԲЭ顣
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ȻҶƽûйϵٲȴΪºܿҶƽ߻ģѿԲݺݵһ٣Ѱֳйһ١
ʹҲ޷⣬ԲȻֹּ˴£ǹ̬ȲǺָܻЭҲ˳֣ٲֱһ󣬴ҵˣҲûʲôԣֹ״̬Ȼûá
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ԬԻĵȻҲǻӭģԻӭίĹңٲҲǳ棬ڹҲҪԻ֧֣ΪʯĿҪزŵ֧֡
˹֮ԻȡҶƽĹ㱨ҶƽΪֹܸгԻ㱨ȽϺʡ
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Իζ˵Щ޷˵عжôҪΪֹ쵼ȻҪǿԼҪԣȻֹ쵼ûʲôˡ
ԬͽŻʾһ߶عֹ֧عãٲȻûж˵ʲôҲǱʾ˼
Իȡ㱨֮󣬱ԬٲͬȥһֳͬʱҲȥʯĿأϾʡﶼǳӵĿԬ޷ֹȥġ
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ʡί֯ѾҶƽ̸ҶƽԼְʵ̫⣬Ȼ˵һ𣬵ĵгʡǣǾǹĹˡ
ͬμ쳤ڼһʡǹҲֻǹһĹҶƽ沢ϲǴ˴εһΣǲϲҲýܡ
ԬҶƽ͵ʡǣҶƽ˴µĹǱģǽʡĹԴԭվԺٲҪҶƽ룬žһϼƣ㽫ҶƽŪλϣŪλӣβҲᷴԣҶƽһµĻ²ðš
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ȻȾƵǻվ֮ιְ񣬶İԮǷֹܸʡԻ飬ȻԻֻһʡΪֹ쵼ԼֹܲŵһķȨû뵽ȴҶƽﵣ˹
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ǱߵĹԱ֪ҶƽҪʡְһЩ֮⣬ôҶƽ߻ȡǵϿɵģȻγгʱ䲻Ǳٲ֪Ҫöٱٲ̫ź̫⣬Ҷƽгͺˡ
ӸȥȻֻǺܶСһǿԽȴʮֵѣϾ̫࣬λȴǺ٣ҶƽһԽȥ⵱ȻҪúܶ˸еĽġ
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ԻǷֹ쵼˴ְԳϯҲԲϯϾⲻǹ飬֯ҶƽְĴᣬֹ쵼ϯҲ
Ի֮ҪμӴ˴ְᣬҲĿǵģҶƽεȥϯǸҶƽӣͬʱҲڹǿԼӰסš
Ҷƽû뵽ԻϯְᣬԼ֮󣬾ս֣ԻѺõؿȻһ죬ȵ֣ǿ㱨˶֮󣬱˻ҡ
ԻǸʡ쵼ڻֻǸ֯Իһǿ˺󣬵Ի֯ҲǺܿȻֻǸյȨǲС˭֯С
᳡ѾˣԻǰںҶƽţȻ֯ĸɲһĴҲں棬ǻϯ̨ҪֽĻ顣
ϯ̨ϣѹѹȺȻζôãкýԼĽɫֺýĻ顣
еĵһʡί֯ɲһĴʡίҶƽְȻʡίҪĽȻԻص㽲̾ģҶƽԹЩ壬ɴͲˣ飬һʹӦ
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ڶǱֹԺȶԣȻǰ֮٣ôҰĹҪΪĵĻᷢʲô仯죬뷢ʲô仯Ҳô׵ģ˵ôҰġ
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⼸仰ϸţһе˼ԷĸҶƽ̫٣ǱȽԵĽжϳҶƽʵ˼ֻ˰ͷˣһʲôˣýһĹ۲졣
ҶƽĽԻ鵹ûʲôرĸоͻȻҶƽ˼Ҫ̽һҶƽ̬ȣҶƽ̬ҶƽĻҲйоأ⵹Ƿġ
Ҷƽ껰֮󣬻ɢˣҪȥҶƽ͵ǰȻ˳ˡ
֮Ի鲢ûߣҶƽԻͺһ˵ƽһ۸͡
룬ҶƽǲþܾЦ˵Ǻðҳէûзԣʡзˣ
ԻǺһЦҶƽҪûзԣǲǹˣֻҪԸ⣬ԳԱϱ
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֣ǿеԼһϸİ칫Σֱ̫ⷽˣʲôˣʲôƣӴʲô׼һΣ칫αҪֺˣҶƽϿĵλΣˡ
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ԻŤͷҶƽС˵ŻʾҶƽ֮ܣĸҲǿʼ˵ǰͽʽ


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û뵽ҶƽԵſץˣһ糿ץٵĸɲץٵĸɲ֮Ҷƽص칫ңͽйļͨ˵ĳٵɡ
һͨл͵ϾЩɫ㽨ҶҳٵҲǹģܲһǾˣҪͨˣ
һۣҶƽܱ֤ܲӽԺû˻ٳٵ
һڨڨ˵ôñ֤һǱȽԾġ
Ҷƽ㱣֤ˣͰ˵ȥ죬취ݵģϸִУҪ취ʲôã
;ҶƽһͲٺ˵ˣȥͨļȻ󽻵ҶƽҶƽ˿֣ǿ԰칫ҵ·ͨҲЩʲô֣ô֪¡
֣ǿһҶƽҪͨͨٵ飬ҲһתȥŰ칫Ա׼·֮ͨʱһ绰˻˵һ顣
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һҶƽİ칫ңʵҶ˵Ҫͨң
Ҷƽ۾һ˵ٵˣҪܵͨڵѾ˵ˣɲֻͨĸɲҲЩ쵼ʲôСֵ𣿡
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ҶƽĿһ˵˵ﻰΥ˹涨ͨ㣬ǣʲôŽ᲻Žˣѵһֻ۱һֻۣǾŽˣ˵Ҳ˵ͨɣ
Ҫ˵㲻ͨңҳٵɵģǹٵ
Ҷƽٵʲôɣ
岻ѵһ᲻𣿡
Ҷƽ岻٣ٵУҲ뾾鲻ţΥ˹涨ҲһͬʣҸո˵ĻƨҲƨ£˻οңο㣿
Ҷƽһ˵еûа취ˣҶƽҪʹٷҲûã޷ıҶƽľ
һ㡣ߺߵˡ
ȥıӰҶƽһ绰ְ֣ǿ˹˵ټ͵λһʡί칫һʡ칫Ҫдˡ
֣ǿһ¶ɫصҶ⡭𣿡
Ҷƽޱ飬˵Ϊǰɣ첻£ұ죬ȥЪˣ
֣ǿһͬ׺䶥ɶҲ˵ˣæȥ£ҶƽеǳݣҶƽĻǰ;
ҶƽǰҲֳ̬ȣʱһĻͰ첻ȥ첻ȥʲô쵼ʲôɴȥϺˣԹŵһǿݣûһĳֶǿ϶ǲеġ
֣ǿ֮Ҷƽɫַһ룬Ȱѻٵͨʡίʡݺݵشһ»ţôԼϾƻԼĹơ


786 Ŀ£
Ҷƽȫͨ·ԺΪ֮һҶƽһٴʡίʡ˸е𺳣Ϊʡί칫ʡ칫յͨԺҲǸе棬һȻԼͨˣ˵һܲ£ҷ׷ײ²顣
ֱܻܵԻ߿࣬ԻŻɫҲʮֵĲãҶƽҲ̫ˣͬţӲŪûˣѵͷҶƽ棿
ʡðҴһ´£Ļû﹤ˣǹҰĬԻ飬ż˵
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ԻԸһʡҶƽķֺҲûûأùסĵλ£ӡ
ԻĻҲֻ̾Ҷƽһ͸һ֮ǰȸҶƽһ¸ã̫ˡ
ֻðԻҪصԼĹôܸҶƽһÿԼƽֹŰ칫ңҶƽյñȽ͸ֻҪ֪Ҷƽʲô淶ΪǵҶƽҲѿһزɡ
Ҷƽڰ칫ͷһļȻǰѧУıֿǶо˵ԼһѧУУˣһ룬Լľ
´ǸСӣҶƽ˰죬ԼĹ
ţŽҶƽӦһ㿴纣˽纣֮ǰҲûʲôʶϴοʱҲûʲôڹԼ֪ʲô顣
纣ֹ߷洦ƼϢĵȼţЩŴûʲôʵȨҶƽ˹΢Цһ£˵
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Ҷƽһ̸֧˵ʲô¾˵ɣҲû̸ģǿġ
纣ӹ̣ӦһЦҲҶ̸̸ģ̸һ̸Ĺ
Ҷƽһ纣һЩҪ㱨һǵһҪԼ£ĸˣ˱֡
Ҷƽһ£߳칫һ̸һЩԵø߸ϣ纣ԼҲһоҶƽҶˡ
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ͷʵΪɣһɾɣҲ˵վµһԻɣҲԻڷֹܹڼվֵڽ٣Իһɵ˽϶࣬ԻɵҪǻһְģҶƽȵˡ
纣һɶǣڹҪҶƽ㱨һⷽȻ㱨ʱҪעһ´ʣҶƽܷЩ
ҶƽʱҪֵʱ纣˵ģҲ֪ӣеĸʡ쵼źܵϵϾһ飬ĸ쵼Ǻӵġ
纣һҶƽ㱨飬һҪҶƽһЩй
ʡһЩطг֮ԻᷢңҪԭڹִϸ񣬶Ϊ쵼Լط쵼ȱٹ滮õرȽ⣬ͨгĲ׬ȡ߶ЩӰ쵽гҵԭ
纣Դ֪ɵģΪյϸʱֹܹùЩȽ˽⣬֮󣬱㲻ֹˣʱͷܶסѹгԲֵǰľ档
ҶڷֹôʱһأشϽеĻƽضΣһӪҵһؿ飬ǲ֪ôģҵʽѣӳٳٸǲ㽫˵ؿջأתָһҵҵĸ˷ǳĴ״ǹ״ûʲô⣬ҵʱû˵Ҫ㱨һӣ֪ɱ
纣ڰһЩҶƽ֮󣬱˵飬ΪҵĸһֱҶƽһҶƽʲô취飬ѱʲô⡣
ⷬҶƽϸһʣô£纣϶ְ齲˳ԭҵĸ˾ͽиµؿ֮󣬱㿪ʼ˿һҲһؿ飬ŰؿҸкǸͬ⣬ôһõؿ飬ôָܷˣ
ͬ⣬ǲˣ֮󣬸ͷͻȻ֮䲻ſˣҪ跿زûгʽ϶еģһſһӱ㵼¸ʽѣһ˱㴫ķҪβ¥һЩծҲҪծһ㵼¸ûתĿˣʱͻȻ˵飬һǴʱѾˣ˸ǡ
Ÿ鷢ˣڸķӳβӰ쵽Ĺ滮ϽҪջظأұʡȥʡһ¥̳βҪϽһֱоķʱ帺ľǻ¥̴Ḷ́վչβ¥黹еĴȻؾ¹УȻ˱ˡ
һʱ֮һУһ쵽Ĳ֮Ϊ¹ؿ˲ǱˣҪǸˣŪһҪ࣬һĵ飬ڷ֣֮Ի־棬żȻģʽʼϵһ쿪ʼ˾Ѿעˡ


787 
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Ǽίǣ޷ȥֱ׷һ˵ΣҪ˵ظκˣ˳ˣȻһĴ纣ᵽЩҪٵѣ뷨ЩȻˡ
лл˵ĻϣǴҶ̹˵⣬˵ǶʲôѶѹǣһѹѹһصĹȥҶƽ纣Ļ֮˵
纣æشллҶҵΣ˵Ƚֱ˵˻Ҷ
Ҷƽֱ˺ã˵ҲǱȽֱЩ˿ܻˣûа취ҽĶǹǲͲɣ
纣һҶƽ˵֪Ҷƽ˵Ҷƽһ˻϶ǲ˵ġ
Ҷƽ纣һ̸һСʱ֣ǿ֪̱˻һ˹ģ֪纣Ҷƽ˵ʲôЩûһλȥҹҶƽ纣ⷬܲĻɡ
纣һֱΪȥҶ᲻̸£ҶĻ֪᲻ǺܲðҿһǱðˡ֣ǿڻ㱨֮
һ˵ش𣬹ֿʼˣǵŪظҼʹأǮֻܺȻһǱûзӣ˵ֲֻˣʲôˣҶ֪Ҳûá
һ˱̬֣ǿǲ˵ʲôˣҲǣ̲ͻܲݵ˵ģʹңҶƽ֪ˣôٰػ
һ룬̹Ȼˣȥ飬֣ǿһ׵ˣһ뵽ҲͰˡ
ҶƽѷߣûкκǸ֣ǿ˵һС칫֣ǿһҪȻܱʾʲôԣҪһˣ⻹ʲôġ
һϣȴǽⷢ˵µҪ׼ԵԱΥ֯ɡ
˾ҶƽģҶƽȴֱ˵칫ҹҰŵģһȨҪõ׼ǽоһ£ʽ칫ҹ
ҶƽǿƵرĵԱһСʲôͻ׷ױʾͬ⣬ֻһҶƽҶƽĻ֮
ʽ칫ҹҶƽҲûʲôְֻԼһЩճȻȻشҾͰ飬ҶƽҪ֪ͨʺҶƽûʱܽҶƽһҶƽͲÿ춼һЩڶĻˡ
ȻΪ飬һӳΪͷ䶯һ£ϵ±еģҶƽҲûʲôϵĴڷһɾͳÿ˽̸ֵʡ
Ҳû뵽ҶƽزʶֻǺ֪ҲǱҵڰʡѧԺУѣ˭Ҳûϵ˽˻ʶΪ顣
Ϊһͨĸɲ֪쵼ζʲôԻмͷǸС࣬ҲԻܹУһ־ӣ쵼ĵ̸Żȫһ쵼ļƣʵһС顣
Ȼûʡ󣬵Ҳǲˣ˻ȥӶˡ
⻰˵û治٣ΪҶƽĵڶ죬ǰһļͬ±绰ԼһԷ⼸ͬ·ֱǼҵĸһЩ쵼ϵеõѸεģڿҪΪ飬㼱æͽˡ
֮ǰ⼸ͬ³ԷʱŲȴҪһԷ˵绰֮ͷһױȵĿУһ޷˵ĸо
ҶƽԼ飬ڿǵһ쵼ԱķֹһֱֹŰ칫ҺͼʵȨĲţ⼸ʵȨŸùŸ纣ûȥʿֵĹȻٷֹܼôҪĲš
Ȼ뷨ķԸֹܵĲţҲǱȽ鷳֮ǰһ£Ա˳һЩ
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Ȩ͸ѣʡǵģһϽί鳤־棬һԸ
Ҷƽǲʲô£Ȩʾûʲô£һԷʡܲܲѰɣʲôġ
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͵ĵص㰲ϽһǼĴƵڣϴεĻĴƵ껹Ҫ߼һЩҶƽŷһȥ磬뵽ȥԷͷҲǺܼ֮ǰûֻᣬֻᣬȫΪĽ
֮ȨڴȺȻϽί鳤־Ҳӭ־ȻֻϽеίί鳤ϽǸʡλ䳣ίһְȴˣҶƽƽ˵ʵڵģҶƽԸ룬־һĹϵϾ˼ҲʵȨ
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һƴ֮£־λãҶƽȻһƽͷеԱߣȨȴǵ±ȥ
Ҷƽһۣ־ҶƽܵҶ⼸λʡǵ̣ǳĽҶʶһҶǶˣҼ򵥸һ£ߵλǳܣλ½ܣλǽܣλǺܣǼᣬҵòˣϽеķչҪأ
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ʵҶƽʱ֪ǣĸνĵز̣ʡõĹӣ㷿رʡִĵط㿪ȵϵأòأʹǮҲûãûеؾ͸㲻˿е˿׾ٵذѵеȴҲ·ò»ƽضΣȻ޷ڷزгϷһõص˲ţˡ
ʡǵȻȱţˣ־ܵĸȻţˣΪʡĹӣΪõأǱݣȻεĺܣֻ˲֪ܿһǵʵĿ
Ȩ徭ʡǻȻǶ֪һǵĽҲ־汾ͨʡԱҶƽģ˵Ҷƽʡ˲һĴ㣬óԱŸԱһ⣬Ȩ룬ͳɹˡ
ڹһλӣȻǺöҪύĶҶƽ֪ʡǵˮȽע͸ĽȥһЩ˴򽻵˲ʲôɣǽϣһȴʶλνˣеЩǣ־ΪϽеί鳤ĸ죬ԳԼʶ
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ڿҶƽûбֳǧ֮ӣҶƽǵϷƣҪ뿪Ǹǵһţ˭һģܸıʲôҶƽһߣһ࣬һΣյϷߣǱҪһҶƽǲһˣԼǲв̶ȡ
ҶƽȻԼ˼ֳЩͨˣԼĽһǰԼʵ뷨Աǰ׵ˡ
ҶҾһơ翪ʼ־ԱߵǸ˵˻ȫг̴󽭣ҲǻеĽӡ
̴󽭿ȥܹȥҶƽľƣҶƽɨһۣЦððⱭƣҾˣ
ҶƽЦŰѱоƶȻһһҶƽôƣ뷢ԼΪĲıøҶƽǣҶƽû˵Ͱѱоƺˡ
ó̴󽭼һӲС벻ǺȻǺþ֮ˣҲͬˣ޷մʲôڲƽġ
Ҷǹ˾λŮ칫ξһưɣ̴󽭺ƣЦҶƽܵ
̴һ˵꣬ŮеһվŮЦеվƱҶƽƣŮǰ¡ĲλԼһ׵֣Ҷƽûʲô˵ģŮ칫κһ
Ҷƽ߲ܣ˶һȦ֮ܵУ־̾ҶƽæһҶƽľҲɵˣĸǰֻҶƽȻ̸ЦûѺȾƵ¡
Ϊ˽һ̽ҶƽĵߣŮӲһҶƽԣȨ˶˳ȥҲȨ˳ȥŪһȥˣֻʣ־ҶƽԼŮһ
־ʱǺȶˣһŮӾԱҪȾƣȻһŮҶƽ߸Ҷƽơ
־ھ֮ѾƲסԼŮӵϣŨŨصС˰
ŮӱЦҽնʮ
־һ˵ҺһǺһ
־СŮ˵ӣҶƽﲻЦ־Ҳһɫ˼СŮôͲֶˡ
ţԵһСŮȴҲϣϵžֱˣҶƽһŤͷͿ۾ģɢһഺϢŮü˴ǿ϶Ŀģ˵ǰŸԼ־ģԼǵĵԼͳΪǵˡ
Է곡ϷǲԱҶƽͷĺܣǴʱþܾԻһЩˣЩ˽϶Ҫˡ
ȵҶƽҪȥ̴󽭼߽֮󣬱Ҫ־ϢǺȵñȽ϶ܻ࣬ȥˡ
Ҷƽʾȵ̫࣬ϢˣԺлһۣϾ͵Ϊֹˣлǵʢ顣
ҶƽҪȥ̴ҲǿϾҶƽҲǳʶҲǿҶƽʲô˼ҶƽҲǲǣ⽻һ̣̫żˡ
Գ̴ǱҶƽϳȻźҶƽ뿪˴Ƶ꣬Ҷƽ֮ȨҲˣȨһߣ̴󽭼ͿʼһҶƽ̬ȣ᲻һ𣬳Ϊǵеһӡ
־ǹٳˣʱȻѾʣͷԻˣ˵˱ͿҿδػԸ
̴һ˵ϻ˵һ㣬ҪΪˡ
־ȴǰ˰ֵҲô˵˼Ϊô͵Ժǰ;ȻǺܿģ˼Ҳһ𣬵ҲһΪУٿɣ
־Ļ̴󽭼úеǾˮˮĻҲǻŵˣٷԺ󣬱㿼νҶƽ
ҶƽȥԺ£оʡг֮ԻңЩйأЩͨΪȻгʧҪκг򣬱ҪЩȨָ֮ˡ
⼸˵ĵϸȴǲˮжñһ˽⣬Ŀǰ˵־һֻȨ֮ȷˣ־ԸΪĸ˱飬Ȩ֮־ֹ־һˣҴҲֻǵ־һΪֹ
ڻȥ·ϣҶƽ뿼һ·㿪ʵСԽô
һʵˣæ˵ҶǼ˵һʶ
Ҷƽʵһ
Ǹ½ģϵܺã˵ʡйϵʡһʲôݣһֶԭʡǣǽʡǣʡõ֡
Ҷƽڳ۾΢΢ͷ˵أ
ûмõĹӵ˵ȴž˵ĸˣû뵽ǻĿ͡
˷Ļ֮Ҷƽû˵ڳ飬õĹӵ˵һ˼Ȼ⼸˵ôǵıضˡ


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æӦţȻǸ߸ϵĸԭ´ǻֹܵģҪԻһЩ⣬˵ȻҪӦˡ
Ҷƽӵĵ绰Ƕһ£纣ȥľΪظоҲ纣øӼ˸еìܾҪеˣȻ˵⣬Ҳܲԡ
纣󣬾ְԼӳһ飬纣æ⣬ҲҪԭˣùٸһء
纣˿˵ܣǻģҶڲӼĿԣɣȥдһţרżĸҶһҪĿҪȷҪǣˣҶΪѣֱǹ𣿡
һ纣Ҫ̴Ӧ֪ˣһȥ¡
̻ȥҶƽдţźܿ͵ҶƽҶƽõ֮󣬾ϸһžֱӿظջع̵УȨʧ¡
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Ҷƽһ룬÷ѻйӵ绰Ҷƽİ칫ң˰칫Ժ󣬾ͿҶƽĮȻ
ϻƣʶʶҶƽֱʵ
һ˵Ҷʲô
Ҷƽϵһţ˻Σ˵ڸҼһţ˵˰ĵظˣ˵һЩ飬㵽û£
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ȻȰҶƽˣҶƽЩ⣬һ۵ɧأҾٲܣɧҪģȻٶһЩɧҲûʲôûκأ㲻ܸҾͰˡ
һҶƽ˵ؿһۣ˵Ҷ˭飿
Ҷƽʱ£Ǽͼ鳤ðһЩ
һҶƽ飬ЩˣһϺˣӦûʲôв
˵Ҷƽֶ˵ֿһ£쵼֮Ҫһ·ֹʲô
Ҷô
Ҷƽǿ鹤רȥʿֵĹҲһֱȻдŸ㣬㽫ܱ
ȻҶƽ˵˵ҵĹҪȫæҲһͬ⡣
Ҷƽͬ£ʲô뷨
ϸؿ£ֹܵĹҪһҪٻʧ䣬Ȼ޷ȥҶƽҪȥгҲܰеȨó
ҶҲһȨˣȻҶֿǣҲԣйͣͿ϶æģɣҰѹԴ齻ͣĹҷֹôһһ̬
ǿ飬Ҳóɣڸľһ飬ټֹȥ㲻Ҷƽ˵
оѹΣ治üĹһ˵Ҷ쵼ֹܹǲҪʡ㱨һ£
ҶƽһҪԻΪԼֱ˵ȵ˾㱨ҽ鹤ó㱾˶ԹǱȽϺõģȻʲô⣬ҲΪ˵ˡ
ҶƽĻһһģҶƽøѹһ鷳ˡ
һ£ΪԴҶƽûʲôӹˣҶƽѹţ˳ˮ۰ȨóȥȻһ塣
Ҷ˹ңǸмĪˣһоͰҶ˵İɡ˵ϱġ
Ҷƽ̬ȣֻҪɿھˣ㲻Ҫһӣ໥չӦģ¾ɡ
˳ȥȻֱȥԻ飬ѷԻ㱨һ飬һҶƽҪȨԻҲ
׼Ĺ˭Իһ䡣
˵ҪͣҸоԲԣѵͣ
Իһ£˵˵һЩֶΣոպʹǺȹƣȴҪ㽻ֹܵĹǿԼȨĿģҿЩΣˡ
æʵڸô죿ڸңûˣҪʡһ£
Ի˼ֻǷֹ쵼ҵģҲûа취ҿҾ䣬ܸʲô⣬Ҫעвʹͷۣû˸£ҲɼⷽƣҪֹв㡣
һæ˵ͷһȥȥ£в϶Щ˵Ļá


790 ְı
Ҷƽ˹ķֹȻǰѻֹܵĹͣǽ纣̸ʱһҪſھܾˣһΪȥ˵ĹһҲоҶƽģõһɽ󣬲ֱӾܾ£ҶƽȥŰɡ
ȻӣҶƽȻ֪µʱѾ˵ϣʱ޷ٷԴ£ȻѾ˵ͽ֣纣֣Ļȡˡ
֪ԼҶƽһҶƽ纣Ҳô˳ⲿڲӶڣҶƽô졣
һ̬ȣһ֪ڹĴ󲿷˲ûҶƽһ𣬶Ҷƽڵû˭ƴɣ
뷨Ҷƽǲ֪ΪõҹĻԣҲܽƶҪǻҪôҴŷҪôҴŷôҸܵһ
ҶƽҵһȡôŷڣڹһأߣҪԭǹĵأΪְסլ¥ģǺĹ֮һĽ˴˵ؿ飬ظ
ʱվĨӣ㰵дӦ˽򣬲ʡίΪְǼʵĸ¥Աðѵ
վ־ôӦ˳ְǲз˭֪һ¶кְܶȺ𷴶ԣҲˣܾصЭǩ֣վܴ죬Ѵ˵ù㿪뷨գȻ״̬
ãȴʹؼ۲ϵ򵱳֧һصʽڹû˻أҲվʱµһβͣȻûٲ룬ֻǴΪվġ
ؼȲҲܸǣְ⣬ҲһԴ˷ѣҶƽһ飬ôְһסլ¥Ҳһȡĵĺ£˵ǲְʽ⼸ʡֱȨǮĵλûٸǣҲǹְе߷߲ƽ£Ȼβˡ
Ҷƽ칫һ⣬һᣬʾزȨ飬ְ¥»鷳Ҫء
̷Ȩ鷳ҲԼ˸ģȨһֱȥҶѷӸҿһ£ĺܶӣԼһԴǵ÷ʡֱ⼸ǸһһףǹȴһҲûиƽҪȡ
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Ҷƽ£ֻҵԻûǳΣҶƽ֪»ǺܵĵģãڹλӿǾȹˡ
Ȩ飬Ҫ뷨صʲôˣܲԼͷ̸̸Ҷƽ˿ʵ
һҶֱ˵򽯹Ƕ֪Ҷǲʵ˵ˣʡίԭ鳤ĶӣˣȴʮֵĻԾʡķز̣ԭӣҪҲûֱǩֵһź˵ǵȻʾԣһֱϵڣϣΪƶģʹû㽨裬ؿҲҪֵҪץסһ㣬ǵĵزûȫĲֶ𲻹վֵĸֻҪǼһ㣬òء
һҶƽﶯһ£ֲýõĵأԭһݵϰ֣ϰʡĻǿϵܰƽֻû뵽ְķԡ
Ҷƽ˼һ£ȻһͲڹ˵ʲô˽һ¾Ϳˣ˵û˵ʲôֱɢˡ
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ɢҶƽеԼİ칫ң֮ǰޱ֣ڿҶƽŽסլ¥ԾվǱһ󣬼ί˵һһҿûʲô⣬׼üί˫ˡ
Ҫ֤ԼȷģҪ𣬶һֻпҶƽˣҶƽİ칫ҺǺܹߵҶƽǰ֮ǰҪˡ
Ҷƽ˿˵Ǻǿʲô취ûУ
һ𣬱˵ûкǩЭ飬ֻǴҶԸˣԲȥ£ҶҪջأǾа취
Ҷƽʣʲô취
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ĻҶƽһ룬Ϊְ¥뽯̸ʲôʲôԭĻɲȥ¥ˣԱһ̣Һ̸ʲôҪ£ͽ̸һ̸أҪٸʲô鷳ĲҪ˵ʲô
һ̽ʵҶҪǿջأ
ҶƽرͲģ̸ջ֮£ֻЩϸ𣬸һѣʲôҡ
һ̸˵صֻҪҶĴʲô
Ҷƽ˳ȥȻ绰֪һ飬Ҫˡ
ʱͻȻӵĵ绰һӴӴҪʲôָһ飬ʾûκλ͵أϣ佻ѺҲˡ
ͻȻӵ绰еһҶϵ绰󣬼æȥ绰һʵô£ֱ֪Ҫ󽯱˵ˣ˽һ顣
һҶƽ⣬ϲƣһֱŰҶƽǵȦӣҶƽҲΪ׬ǮĻû뵽ȴǴ⣬ˡ
һ룬㼱æȥϵˣͳ̴˸ؼʱ໥ŰæеʱҲǵжʵĵжҪҵĹ֧֣ͬԱúһ¡


791 к
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ĵ绰֮󣬱ȴ绰½ᣬ½ԻֶԻĹϵʡõȻҲ˳˳ˮϵϾݵģԻλʵǽе磬Ĺӵпʵġ
绰½ᣬԻ˵һ£һһ鵽׸ôŪջأø㹻⳥УֱӰѵ˻ȥѺѾмʱˣϢҲӦ˰ɡ
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Ҳֻ½һԻ飬ܲܰæҲûеףҲôҪһܴȥ˵ĵֱùջˣǾûˡ
һ½ȥԻ飬һǴ绰־棬ԼҶƽԷ׼һƽ͸ҶƽֻҪҶƽƽ𣬽ͺðˡ
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־һ˵꣬͸е·ǳļ֣ԭǹģֻǽ˶ҪջأǴ˾ҲӮ£Ҷƽֲӣ˵أûɲ˵صģֻҪǮ飬ʱѺãȻܶಹһЩǮϺÿһЩӣֻǽ˻أûʲôˡ
֮£ǱȽżܲϽίǳȽҶƽкҶƽչһ£ҲͲټƽ飬˫ˡ
־ǽİְֽ־Ҫһûܾʵ־ݣˣҶƽҲӦˣϾ־Ͻί鳤ȨҲǱȽϵĴ󣬹ȻʡֱλҲ˼ϽеĵϣҲҪ˼һӡ
˽Ļ־ӦȥҳȽһԣȽǡǡǳ̴󽭵ĸ磬̴˵ʵǿһλΪһλϽίʡίίĸ硣
½Ի˻㱨Իһվڰ칫صⲽԴҶƽԺ󣬾Ǻ㱨ˣԭʱԹƿǳǿľֻһֹܵûԭôֱӣһЩˡ
ڽôһҶƽкҶƽǵȻȽϺˣǺѿ
Իһ룬ǿһ½ᣬǵǰľ棬ͻȻ˵ᣬ뽯̴ǾͲҪˣںǰЩһҪǼطʵʵʲôҲҪɣ㲻Ը͵ͶͶʣһЩɣ֮ҪĴõˡ
½һʵô˹÷úúõģΪʲôҪ뿪ڲ𣿡
Իϵ㶮ʲôԭڵһڹ˻ˣҶƽˣЩ͸˴ͬ㲻ɻʲô⣬ҲΪãҪҵġ
½ﲻΪȻʵǽô죿
Ի뷨Ÿ죬㲻ҪʲôǣˣҪõˣ㲻ҪٲˣҪǲһ𣬾ͲҪҡ
½ƣоԻƺӱСˣôһҶƽͰųˣĪ
½ֻӦţӦԺԻ˳ȥȻԼһ룬Ѳܹн˹Ҷƽк£ȲԳ棬Լȥ̽һҶƽһҶƽĿڷ磬ҶƽӣȻһӣͲȥ˷ѿˡ
ܹнӵ˵ҲûףΪ֮ǰҶƽ£ûиӣŪҶƽЩҶƽְûԻǰ˵˵ȥҶƽкͷǲԸȥǣԻ鰲ȥ˭ȥ
ûа취ֻܹӲͷƤϵ˷ȻڷĴµҶƽİ칫ҡ
ܹԼҶƽڰ칫ǰ̧ƤһۣԲܹҲǺܷУˣܹ֮ǿ϶ĺܣԭܹվֵʱվֶǷǳ飬ϾǸʡ飬൱ڸʡ٣վôܲúд
Ҷƽȴǲôк֮Ҷƽɨһۺ󣬱һָ
ǱиûаѲܹеµ˼һС飬һǰźö༶ʲô˲ģȻⲻҪԭҪԭҶƽðϿˡ
Ҷƽֵ̬ȣܹҲûֱߵҶƽİ칫ǰ˵ʡҶ˽һ顣
ĿֱֱҶƽϣҶƽһҲʵ˽ʲô飿
ܹеĿһ£˵ʡ˽һ¹ǿص飬˵֮ǰ˱ˣǲҪջ
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ܹʵ֪Ҷ˵ϰʲô
Ҷƽؿһۣ˵ʡ˽ģ
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Ҷƽصһ㱨ģ֮Ҿͻ㱨תʡҪΪְı㸣֮ǰνһ¹ŲϣԷҪ鷳˭ǩЭȥ˭鷳ǹź


792 Ƚ
ܹҶƽǰóʡ쵼ļӣҶƽûе֮£ֻܴܶأԻ˻㱨
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ڲܹ֮Ҷƽһ£Իȥһ绰ܹˣȫ֮ҲϹٳأϾԻǷֹʡԼҪ˼һӣ˼֪¡
һͨԻĵ绰ҶƽԻ㱨˹Ҫְסլ¥飬ûἰľףԻ֪绰ԼĿģԱЦʵûѰ
Ҷƽѿ϶еģǻ˷ģܵ˵ǲܰԴ˷ˣҶ·ǳڴȡ鶨
Ի˵úúãΪְıְǻǵġ
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֪Ҷƽ⣬㼱æʾҿˣҾͲˡ
ҶƽȥǴǹǸ㲻£һҪճģΪ£㲻ôѰɣ
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Ի˰죬оҶƽµľĺܴӣĸɲΪΪǰ£һΪڹӣ˵ľˣʲô˼
˼˰죬ԻҶƽĵͨĻҪͨӸˣΪУòʧ
һԻûϻһЩȡһЩģȻľȫҶƽȡȥˡ
Իߴ֮ҶƽǱֽӵ־ĵ绰˵ȽҪԷϽίҪԷҶƽܲ˼ҵӣͬʱҲ˼ȥʲô£Ͻίʡίί൱ʡί쵼һӱҪġ
ҶƽӦһϣԼһн̻Ի͵ĴƵ꣬Ͻ߼ĴƵ꣬Ƚ
Ҷƽһ·ųȽԷʲô£ԼǹʡǵĹ滮ҪЭȽȻʡί쵼ϽίǣҲȷʵҪİ
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ȽһĻϽег
ʮӴ󰡣ίгˣȻһӷز̣Ƚʲô֣
Ҷƽһݣ̲ɫ΢Ц߹ȥ˳Ƚ⣬˶վӭǳȽƺõģȻгҲǸʡɲҶƽļҪߣΪ˸ҶƽӣվӭҶƽ
ֳʡί쵼ϣҶƽܵҫʡί쵼ģġ
վ߹ȥҶƽ֣ڳȽԱߣҲĿˡ
ǣгλ쵼רҵĿͣҿЩҵҶƽЦЦųȽòӦһ¡
ЦҶүҺͳǶܳ㰡
һڣҶЦȽҲЦҶƽһЦǶͣʲôүع˵г̫˵Цˣ
ЦҶƽҶƽһ۴ұȽŤͷЦ˵ƽҰܺȾƵȫйˣȸʶһ°ɣ
ϵҶƽҲʶǼνĹӣǻмʶģȽһʡǵһЩ󷿵ز̣ĹĶ࣬ĹֻĻ󣬶Щ󷿵ز̣ٴõء
ֻǼ򵥽ܣȽ϶֮Ĺϵ֮ܳ󣬱㿪ʼȾƣȽԵú飬ȻҶƽߣҪ˼Ҷƽ֧֣ǶһЩάȫʡί쵼ӡ
ˣҶƽƣЩ˵飬ҶƽȻ֪⣬޷ǿλӣλӣЩȻ߿һۡ
νĹϵԵñȽϾнûƵҶƽƣԭȻǳȽİţ֪Ҷƽ˱еûܵв϶ﲻˣȫҶƽͷ˵


793 ʡ㱨
ϵķ־һƬнģҶƽеȽ֯ûʲôǹལҲûеڵȫһ֮Ѻ룬Ҳûᵽʲô顣
ԽԽҶƽܵѹʵ֪ϣ֧ϽеĹһЩṩٽϽеķչʵϣҪΪЩز̣ǿ̵ƣйĳɷ֣Ҳ˽ĳɷ֣Ϳôˡ
ȽٷȻ˵ϵĺ磬ȴҶƽоȽϸʩӵѹϾȽһʡίίȫʡһķȨҵϽίְڽʡԵʵɣǿ϶һõ顣
ҲھϣƵƵҶƽƣĿĵȻǺԣǾҶƽŹһҪڹϸ̫ѿ
ҶƽҲ֪⣬Ҳ֪ȽƵĿģòҲûоֻܾǺȾֻҪȾͺˡ
ھƺˣȽרĿͣҲǸܴˣھͿδȽˣȥԺҶƽһ룬Ƚ˶뿪̹ϵУǸνĺܺҲݣλϽеȫǽŽһ֧Լʡǵķزˣ
ΪʲôΪ˵˵ȫǿԼıӪزģ⻰˵ȥţԼʩѹԼΪǵĿ̵ƣһʲôΪ
ѵΪԼһۣͬСԼˣԼˣλϣһҪǮ֪ж٣Լô
ҶƽԳȽһʱ֮֮У⻹Ի飬Ի½Ͻег˷ˣҲ˼Ϊһʡݣûһξˡ
£ҶƽڱҪһ̬ȣҪȫʡгԼϣȻϽԼȨΪһļȨڷǷص飬Ȩܡ
ʵͲ£ǽȴǰѴ¿Ӱ쵽ϽеĵλǳҪһ£ΪҶƽӰ죬棬ʵƨûһǰʡί鳤ӣ˭棿
һԲˣѹվڵʱڣΪӾȻ붯ȽҶƽĿ͡
ȻȽ˲ȫΪ򣬶£ҶƽгϵõҶƽ֧֣Ҳ˵гϼ˳˳
Ҷƽûκأһ㣬˿ԺҪЩˣȫʡع뷨ֻˡ
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ȴһ绰ܹԻڣܹһӵҶƽĵ绰Ͳ㲻ʵһҸԻ黹ˣۣҶƽҶ˵绰ֱӴԻ顣
ԻþͺͲܹдһһͱʾԼڼң㱨ȵ˵
Ҷƽûٶ˵ʲô÷跨һԻ鵽ڲʡ棬Ҳе㷽ͨʡ칫һѣĵشԻ֪Իʱİ칫档
һ֪ҶƽԻⲻȻǲˣΪԻ飬ԼͰ첻ˡ
һ룬ҶƽȥһβɣβɵĿĲΪ˽¥Ҫúú̸һ̸гٵ£¥Ϊְıȥβɣβרȥ£϶ͷҲῴΪܰ£Ϊְı顣
Ҷƽ׼ѵι˽⵽Լ뷨γһݵб棬Ȼݵбʡİ칫ҡ
βԼİ칫ӴҶƽһ߽βɵİ칫ңҶƽͿǲǳۣʾȨĺӣβźӺͱͨŻҶƽͰѵ绰ˡ
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ҶƽæҲЦЦʡˡ
βһɣҶƽЦҲǹһ˰ɣʲôµĸ룿
βɷǳɵӣҶƽ˹ȥβԱߵɳϣЦ˵뻹в٣Ҳ˷ʡʱ䣬ҵʡ㱨һǹڵĹ
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ҶƽֹۣһϾҪ֪ڵгǳ𱬣Ŵ̽𣬿̸õأ֮£ʱҲģʡǿ֧ǣǻٺܶѣʡҪһĴҪԳ֧ǰ
βһʱ˼Ҷƽķǳʵ飬ԭվĹηǣ˵Ҳһ飬۵ìԽԽ϶ɷǳӵĺ


794 Ѱ֧
βɻ㱨һ£Ҷƽܹؿβɣβ˼һ˵ƽô֧ǣѵ޷˷𣿡
ҶƽͦʡʵϣԻ鸱ʡǹʶǲһģҲǴȶĽǶȿ⣬ǣʹгľĶҡԣûʡļǿ֧֣ûȫƽ£Ҫʡ֧ǵģ⣬ǣܶิӵϵеطϵľ÷չҲи˵һЩС̣ʱ϶Ἧеǹǹͳʸ֮ģҪʡȫΪǵĺܡ
ҶƽίָԻϵʶ⣬ԻĹ̬Ⱥ͹˼·ԼԼԼϵĲ㣬޷Ի鹲ȥ뷨Ի鲻ٷֹܹβ¸ˣֻ˳ֹ쵼֮Ĺϵ
βһԤҲ˵϶кܶʡίʡӳ⣬ָһЩ飬޷ȥʱβ̬ȲĻҲ޹գԴʱβ̬ȼʶеѡ
Ҷƽһ˵꣬βҲ֪˵ʲô˼ˣҶƽȻκֵ֧ģⲻȫΪҶԭҲͷҶƽʶĸλãҶƽԲһʬλز͵ˣҶƽг徢ĸɲñˣͿܳزۣܵ˵Ĵ
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ʵվָģǰףֲȥվ֣˵˭µ鷳˭Ͼվ˾Ӷˣȥ˼һ˵ǰ鷳϶ãȷʵվģЩ绰֪ͨվ⣬֪ڲô
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ΪҶƽìܣȴû뵽ھ֪Ҷƽʲô
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һҶ˵绰ͼæִ绰Ҷƽһ飬Ҷƽ֮ûҪ̬ܽȣǵľǼᶨġ
죬һʦ˹ҪҶƽһ棬˽һҶƽ̬ȣȻΪ˱֤Ҷƽ̸ñȽ͸һ㣬רһʡǵʦҶƽ֪ԼĺϷ棬ÿǵҪ
˵ֱҶƽһ룬ûоܾ÷˽ҶƽһɨͿʦʦʮϣȥҲǺܰƺڽ˵Ҳźܴĵ
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ҶҪ˵ǲгˣҵǮѺǹôֱ꣬ӰҸˣѵҺ۸ǲǣҶյߵЩܲףȰǽһЩãҪô̫ѿЩвضҶƽ˵
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϶ʱеһ㵯˳ȥ̬ȼΪòҶƽһֱӰһϵİť÷
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ոմʱʡͻȻһ֪ͨйʡ쵼·ֹ֪ͨԻ鲻ٷֹܹոΪʡĴֹܡ
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һ˵Ի鲻ֹ˹ȥ⣬Իһڣڹĵλͻֱת£Ҷƽˡ
һֹܹĹеУҶƽ֪ҲǾ׼ڴҪԴġ
ηֹҲǿˣβɶҶƽذмӣֹܹĹʵǸҶƽһЩȨҲֹˡ
ԻֹܹʱԹץıȽվһжԻģֹͲôֻҪҶƽþͿˣʱгɼһ֣Ҳٵһϡ
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ڹĻȡҶƽı棬Ҷƽı棬ͷ⣬ʾҶƽı档
Ҷƽڱ˵ᵽһص㹤ȫʡгص͵ȦصΪΪΪȫʡгɷزгĻң·ȺڶԴ˺гת̵УڷǷתصΪصļ۸֮ҲǱƸߣЩǲϹ淶ؽΪҪһΡ
Ҷƽı棬ͷʾĹ˼·зȫ޳ɹĹ棬ϣȷõĹչӲ죬Ҳ˽һ¹ĿǰĹ״ҲûʲôرҪһԹƶĹΪ
ǳĴԸⷽʲôرҪгϻ棬ͬʱҲΪ鴥˵棬һҶƽȥˣֻҪɵúãһݳɼɲãҲûʲô
ҶƽҪľǴַֻ֣ҪȥͿ˦ȥɣǱֽţô󵨵ȥչ
һ̬ȣȫȨҶƽˣ֪εʡ쵼ֹкܶݣԻǷȨ浽ʲôֵ˼ˡ
纣״ҲǸеҶƽ󣬹һж˱仯ԻֲֹܹˣǷҶƽ϶ҪҶƽˣҶƽܿͻڹȫվȽŸʵĹƶˡ
ҶƽͬʱҲ飬ʲôҲ֪ģҪ쵼ĹڴǸеܺˣҪṩʲôֻ֧֣ҪԾǶ֧֣ʲôѣֱβɣͿ԰ˡ


797 
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纣ӹڲϵͳϲ鲻صĽϢ֪͸¶ȷǽˣǵǼһµģ޷塣
ԭʡóίһҵչ涨ҪԴ˴ؿгõĻҪб򣬵纣Աؽʱȴ֣ظûڹŽеǼǱʾתãʵѾʵʿڽˣ˿ҪתõϢ
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Ҷƽ㱨һ飬Ҷƽ֮󣬱ĥͨ죬ĴõأҲϸĳ̴󽭺ͺϽõأ½ϽõأЩغܶ඼ǽʡһЩλĵأЩλٸָĸƸĸҪһЩʲоͰء
ԭʡóίĵأҪʼˣһ࣬صļ۸񼸺һǵͼõĵأʱҪÿ϶Ҫ׬һʣǰǩĺͬҪõĻҪʡóί棬ʡ򱨸棬ɹ
Ӧ˳ģӱϿʲôè壬ʡıѾҪˣ˭֪纣ʱֻҪյ룬̿ѺҶƽϡ
Ҷƽ纣йע飬ʲôȨǮףͰʡԺʡԺ顣
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칫ҸСٻҶƽİ칫Ͳϣ¶һʮЦݣҶƽ칫ְѲϽ˹ȥ
Ҷƽ̧ͷһҲ΢΢һЦʾ⣬ٻٻЦҶڴҶŸǷأ˻ˣ
һ˵Ҷƽֱ壬Цʵô˻ˣ
Сٻһֱϣܼ彨ӣסѵ⣬һֱûŪɣڵʱۿ˵أǽȴ˵ʡͷøǣѵҪ˼ңҿǵʱ巴ԣ¾ԶûлٸǷˡ
Сٻ˵ӣҶƽҲЩְǵ飬˭õôλ彨ķü۸ֵͣʡֱöಿŶְסѵģ⣬ְǿ϶ܸˣְһˣץסǵˡ
ʡǣȱһĻٵѶȾʹֻȰѱλĸץסôֻҪְǵסˣܶ˾ͻǱλˡ
ҲȷʵҵҪ󣬸ְǽһסҲǱȽʺϵģȻֻǱýȥ׬ȡһЩǮҪöˡ
ҪǣƵҪҪôڰ鶨Ժ󣬻һ˾ûսˡ
ҲеظܵҶƽڹӰԽԽߴְһҶƽԶǱ΢Цгһָм֮飬ٿߵʱĸҲΨҶƽ֮ǴӣҶƽܽ⣬Ǹеǳ顣
֮󣬹ܿ˽˾׼ʼְǳڴôӺܿܽˡ
ûϵҪĵһ죬һ˺öֺеˣֹǽʩԶĽγϿһУȫƲֱʩôõ飬ˣ⹤ͱ
Ҷƽڰ칫纣оһг׼ѴȫʡȡһЩõصָ꣬ٻٻܹ˵Ĺسˣҡ
һ飬Ҷƽ纣˶һͨ濴ȥͷȷʵڵˣʩԱҲ칫ʵʲôʩģôЩ˳
֮ҶƽüͷʱһӾ뵽ǲǽڵң˶ûֶ
Ҷƽ̴绰ȥЩ˽н棬֮󣬱ЩҵʲôʱʹӳȻһ֧̣ǰ
һ֪Щˣ˿򣬱˵Щﵷҵģ
ؿһۣ˵ǸҶƽˣҺ˵仰
һԲѷ㲻صҶ㣬ϰ˸ˣҪӰ쵽ǵʩǿǱˣ
һһף߳ŭصģǮ˸ңǷûôõ£Ұѻȷҵ飬Ǳʩ
ǿӲغܣһһﻹˣˣûʡ٣ڸˣǰվڵʱ򣬴ҼֻܾԶ֮ҶƽˣҶƽӣѵַʹҶƽͷ
վû˵ӣǵרҲվ￴Щһ㻹ûмôĹ٣ڿýŪúѿǵҲ¶ֵ΢Ц
һˣҽϵӣʹ˾֮Ҳûãһѵûа취Ըˡ
ʱҶƽҲվڴǰҲŶԲߣٳٲѳȥӰ쵽ʩӦô죬٣ɽǲöԸץסߣֱһӴͻԷ˵ĻᣬĻͻˡ


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е޿κΣҶƽ˼ʱ򣬴ӹ¥һ˺öˣǹְǵ֪Ҳýӣȫˡ
Ҳнٺˣʱһ¥£ߵʩĹǰȻվ󣬿ŽˣҲϤһǸŭĿӵؿͻȻеˡ
˴ʱȴţԹְָЩ˾ȻӣһҪְƣԱ࣬ǴҶǾ칫ҵǿ϶ЩСĶ֣ЩСţԶԶǶĹְ
㿴ʲôٿӸڳһСͻȻһְµ
⻰һ˵ְһӾŭˣҶҹԱھȻС۸ˣѵǸҶִ˲ɣ
һ룬ұָСЩСһǵһ£Ȼ͹ְһǰѹְ׼ŭˣ˫ǽţۿҪˡ
Ҷƽվ¥ϾؿһУһʱûȥ£̬ķչǿı鲻չһ̶ȣûȥ飬ڹְȫŽˣЩ˵׻ô죬ˣԺžͲˣҲʵˣϾŭѷô黹üȥͿʱƾˡ
ҶƽЩʱͻȻ˴ִˣһһʱһţЩ뽯ЩһӴˡ
볷ˣǿЩܶסְѹ뷨ʱ˻ȥۿ˫š
˭֪ͻȻ֮һţһãæֹϾһˣʾͱˣվһҲǼæкŲҪ򣬱Ͼһ򣬹ְпˣֳЩ˵ˡ
ȻЩСȽܴ򣬵ǹ˱Ͼ࣬ҽûս⣬˵ֹˣЩСֻˣְսˣְһ򽯱˹ȥһһæϳˡ
ܶ飬վ˹صǰֻһְղеһСˣҲǺ˷ܣæصҶƽİ칫ұһ顣
Ҷƽı鱣ֳûΪֽеˣҶƽӣҲǼæЦݣʵҶǸô죿
Ҷƽһۣ˵ʱֹͣʩ
ֹͣʩԼĶ䣬һؿҶƽ
Ҷƽصֹͣʩ
Ϊʲôʵ
Ҷƽ˿˵һʷ⣬ǲ¥ǸǲʹҲһ鷳ȻƵϣǲܲ뷨ˡ
һоҶƽԶʵҶ׼ô飿
ҶƽȲùˣ뷨ȥĿǰͽ˾˵һ˵ʱȴһ£Ҫʩǰ˵
һҶƽ˵Ҷƽ⣬ҶƽȻᣬȴǺܶ࣬һЩ޷ĵģڲ֮оͰˡ
֮Ҷƽһ룬Լһݱ棬ҪݱϽʡѹصʡʽ˵һ£Ҫᵽվֵ⣬Ϊվǳ鷳ڳ⣬ֱӲܲˣȻ벻ģôǽһ׸ô졣
Ҷƽݺñ֮󣬱ȥȥ㱨һ£Խ֪ģϾԭϽеιίǣһЩ˵ĹϵҲ֪ģ˵ȻҵǱȥ£ҲǴһ
ԾӣҶƽͰص˵һ飬ʾվ⣬ڳˣվֲܾʹ˶Ҫʡʽ棬ʡд
һ룬ӦҶƽҪǣվֺͽˣʡ¾ĵ飬ôվֱȻͻ鷳ˣҶƽʡ飬Ȼʹ֪Ѷˡ
ͬԼҪҶƽ㽫ֱӽβɵİͷβɽʾ
βɿҶƽı֮˼һ绰ǣͷ飬ĻֱҶƽ顣
βɾ齻˴ҶƽУӵβ绰֮󣬱̱ʾҶƽ±ȽˣȻͽ齻Ҷƽˡ
ҶƽֻһȻ죬ǵ鳤ȻǴģΪֱӴʡ
βɽʾΪ鳤Ҷƽзʼֵ飬ԭҪƽȵ뽯̸УȴԵߵˡ
ȻţʹϣѾҪˣֻҪʡĵ飬ʱʡȻзȰѵĶվϡ
վֱѾʡЭһίԱṤķǳգû뵽ǣȴ̯һ鷳
Ҷƽʼȴ绰֪ͨʡһˣӵ绰վֳһ£뻹Լ˹
Ҫû£վҲٻصģжεûиְʲô£Ը
֮ڰ칫¥յͬ£վֶЦЦͷյͬµؿûʲôӦ
һվҲǲκ˴кˣֱҶƽԼһ䡣
ԺվֿһûˣֱҶƽİ칫ңҶƽڰ칫ҵһˣվ֣վһ΢ЦصҶ̸
Ҷƽһ۵ǵһ̸ɣ
վֱҶƽ˸ղŵǸ䣬֮Ҷƽִ绰ˣһ˽
վû뵽ҲҪҶƽҶʲôǲ̸ܵ𣿡
Ҷƽһ۵Σѹȥ֪˶й̸ȽϺá
һҶƽվֵɫǲãûа취ΪʡҶƽķԸ
һҶƽվ־Ƕ鲻һȼ˾ʹ˽һǱҲǲֱߵԼλǰк
Ҷƽȼ˽󣬱һ˵ˣҶˣ˵˵ͷǿص¡


799 㶨
ҶƽŻ飬վľȻҶƽ˵ҶƽҲǲʱؿڼ򵥽֮󣬱׷ʴ¡
վһҶƽ׷ʴ£ʾصʱǾģڹְķԲŵûתóȥôһľûˡ
һ˽ͣҶƽʱ쵼ӳԱ纣ͱʾû£תõʱ֪º֪ġ
纣ֱӴվֵվһڵʱ纣ϱߣһЩش纣ûʲôȨȻվֵ˵
纣һ˵꣬űʾʱǸ֪£ֱҪתõʱ֪ȫһľߡ
ʾʵʵһĲ죬ΪʱվȷʵҲͨ˴£ǵʱվֺͻ飬ǸûзԵأֱŰиְְһԣûɡ
Ҷƽһʡе飬ȻҪȫ˵վֵͷϣʵվȷʵҲû˾ؿ칫ᣬֻǸ֪һһǵ纣Ҳû
һ˵꣬ĸҲǸűʾ֪鲻֪һ˵վ־ЩסˣʱＫΪìܣۿ˶ʾ֪飬ȴվһµˣҪҪʵ˵
һվ֣һ˵ҵʱҲ֪ô£ҲǺ֪ġ
һ˵վϲ˵ϻƣô֪ܲҪʵǣ鶼һƣ
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ڲҳеˣվֶʱŭʱûһ˷ԣȫƵһˣҲˣҶôô죬ҲźˣʡЭˡ
վվҪߣҶƽһվھߣվ˵ΣȱھҪ˽һһˣһô˽⣿
վֿҶƽһۣ˵ҶҲϵ飬ӵģƺȫһ˵ˣⲻ𣿡
Ҷƽ϶ģǹģǵĹûʩʡԴҲǷǳӣ˵ô죿
һҶƽ˵վ־ǳĬҲ֪ϵĲ֮ǽҲǲƵģڳ£Ҷƽðƽˡ
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վֵĻҶƽһ˼˵Ǻãĵ鵽Ϊֹʲôʱٿ֪ͨȥ飬ʲôʱͨһ¡
վ־͵ͷӦˣҶƽֹ˴˴λ飬ͨλվʩѹվһѹ㿪ʼŰ취ȥˡ
ڿһоҿղû£ˣҪվһʱվǣλҪվе
վ뿪֮ȥҽӽ֮Ȼ裬ΪԼӵĴŹϵùأǽҵĻȻԳվִкŵҪģڳ飬վֻȥҽ
ʱһվ֣ȫûеôˣϾվڲιˣʡЭûʲôȨˡ
վһ˵һ£Լһ½򣬲Ҫ̫󣬷ԴҶǲãҲ֪ģվһ˵ͻӦģһ뵽ҶƽڶԽ̬ȺܲѺãǸеЩںվ˵գѾǹˣ¸ɶͽ⣬Ӧ
˼ҶƽĻ൱Ҷƽˣվһ˵ϣΪ°ʡڵ£Ҷƽ飬ٲҶƽҪʡ㱨ʱǸӸˣ
һ飬ʵ»ôʡˣ
վֵҶƽб£ʡ쵼ΧָӰתȥӽܵ飬Ҿ͵ȥܵ飬˵ô죿¾ְĲٲƱظҪŭҶƽʡһѻҿԽ
һվ˷˳ĬǼȻʡǰ³ͨ裬ҲҪƲУȻԭʡί鳤ҲδܰƽһЩ£ѾͱʡȥٲϵĻԼӲˡ
գҪҺͽ˵һ˵ǽڵƢܾҲһ˵һ԰ɣʾ
վ֪ǹ˵ģֻҪôܲʾл뿪ˡ
վ֮󣬽绰ҪˣøһҪһʾǹӣҪˣΪǼҺܺ۸
һĿ⣬ƣϽһ٣ԼҪ죬ɺͽ⣬ǮС£ؼҪѹϵĨƽˣҪ𶯡
ڽҪ֮£ͬɺͽ⣬ֻҪĶ˻ȥͿˣʲôҲҪˡ
Ҷƽʩѹվ֣ǰǣȻƶĽҲûʲôϾǹǼίǣȥȨǮ׵ڽԸȵΪֹȥٵˡ
һȻֿʼ˳Ҷƽƽȵؽ⣬ùְоͷԽԽѹȥˣ˴εĵʵеľģҿûгص飬վһѿҶƽԽԽߣ뷨ˡ
Ҷƽ֮󣬾׼뷨һ¹ڲԱΪĹһˣͷԱǲʹνһһеģϳ϶û³ʹ
쵼ӳԱȻûȥʡίʡίͬУֻܵһвĸɲ칫֣ǿûˣ֣ǿվ֡Ĺϵ̫ˣٴλϿ϶ǲˣȻ֣ǿȽСģҲԼԱɡ
ΰ칫ΣҶƽһĹԱоҲûмʵģ칫ҸСٻԣȴһŮͬ־СٻΪ칫ΣֵĻ˵ķ飬һʱ֮Щ


800 
Ҷƽ֮ȷһ⣬ǾСٻ칫Σ˼ȻҪһضСٻп죬֪ҲǾ˽ɲõӰ졣
칫ҪĸλҲҪһĵҶƽְһЩҸɲһ飬ȻЩҵвɲӦ΢ģص϶ǲеģԼ򵥵ؽһ΢ҪһźõְǵĹԡ
Ҷƽ뷨֮󣬱쵼ȻЩϵ쵼Ͳˣʱˡ
쵼ڶҶƽѾȽˣȫҶƽҶƽΪε϶ҪԼһЩҶƽҪԱҪԣ϶ǲʱ˵ˡ
ǽ֮ҶƽύоڻϾȻʲôҲû˵ȫͬҶƽҶƽеЩ棬뵽ͷֵ͵ĺܣʲôҲ
Сٻͳ˹칫ҵĴ칫ΣΪ칫ҸΣο˵һΣԭ´һͨοԱɲڳ˸İ칫ҸΣ֮ǰЩͬһƽˡ
֣ǿҵδϹĻ϶Ҫ쵼ӣΪɲûϷˡ
ΪԴ˾ȥˣû뵽ǣûãͻȻϢͷֿʼͷǳزһ⵹ҶƽеˣѵҪܵˣ
Ȼ룬ҶƽҲû£ֻҪڹͺˣҪξΰɣ֪ε
й־ֳʡҶƽ£Ҷƽڰ칫ӼһҶƽǺ˷ܵصҶþûмˣ㣡
ҶƽЦֳҲܸ˰ǱߵĹô
ЦʯĿгץٻҵ԰Ԭ뷨ѶȺܴʽضԼ㣬չһеõָ⣬ҪΪп̵ơ
һ˵ҶƽЦֳڿȫʡĹеĳгˣֻչУп϶Ҫ˵õָ꣬㲻ĿҲûð
ЦǴ˳ˣչǣҲ˵ʲôлĿ־ֳ͹ܲˣҪ֧ҵĹ
Ҷƽһһ˵õָʲôٻҵ԰𣿡
Ҷʵ˵ɣԬǷԸģԬǵ˼ȦһأȻʸĿڽôǾͲ˵ˣԬǿгǸʯĿҲסҲûа취Ź
ôһ˵Ҷƽ֪лǺԭһԬٲѹٲʯĿйʽķ֣Ȼ˳˳ˮȫʡӰ죬ԴҶƽһߣٻҵ԰û䣬ԬھϣŪһأȻһܣȥΣһ棬ץԼȻٲʯĿ
Ļ뵱ǰƲϣΪٸȦص˶ռ˴ƬأȴһĿûһ˷ѣһһܻĴͷãҪǳĽ
Ҷƽһ룬˵ֳȫʡõƱȽϾǵõָҲԽԽ٣Ҳ֪ǹҲܸи⣬ҼʹѵǣĿô죬ǲҪջָꣿĻһ˷ˣҽǲҪõָ꣬ȿʼʣʽ𣬵ʱҿ϶Ҫṩ֮ţ㿴ô
ҶƽĻһ£оҶƽ˵еõָڷǳİ󣬸ضżӿ췢չûõָãΥõصǳ࣬Ҳǲ鲻õָ궼ͳһģһˣһ˾òˣõָϣʡ쵼зԸҶƽذõָˣʹҲС
Ҷ㲻õָ꣬һȥԺûԬǽһ˵
ҶƽǳϤоҲ̫⣬һ˵ҪɣȥһˣԬר̸һ̸飬ΪѺòã
Ҷƽ˵Ͳ˼ҶƽҪʲôõָˣЦűʾӭҶƽӲ칤ȥԺг㱨Ҷƽĵ
˵Щ֮Ҷƽ˵ֳߣԷȥ
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ʡЭȻͬ־ǮͣȻ֪Ҷƽ죬ȻͲˣȻ򵥵Ҳй֡
ҶƽСٻһ绰Ϲһҷ꣬úһȥԡ
Сٻæ˹ȻҶƽķԸȥŷˣҶƽһ£ְһЩҶƽ
Ҷƽ뿪вŸո£һЩҲ֪ģһЩ˸оǰǲͬˡ
ίﾴٲ㵽һˣﾴǴصˣԸԬٲ֮£ǺԬٲԿԬĻʲôҲòϸһͶٲٲеر뿪ٲ֮϶ͬˮˡ
ٲǳǿƣѾǿƵݲˣгѾռ˲ǵȨԬȴûа취ίǵ̫ˡ
ҶƽһЩܺпһ£뿪ҲûбҪȥЩˣ֮εĶ޹ˡ
̸˰йе飬ҶƽȥԷʱ纣һͬԷ
Сٻȹȥź˷䣬ҪһСĺʡԷĵҲȥˣԷôҲȥСȥˡ
ǼҷԺҶƽͺСٻ纣ͬټˣҲˣһ˼򵥳һЩһˮȵûж١
˴һСʱʱ䣬Ժ׼ȥҶƽȷȥʱԺ󣬱ϵȥнӲ졣
ҶƽһӰʱ˭Ҳû뵽ͻһǸˣȻһȨԷǸ鷨ʦ


801 Ǩ
ҶƽҲǱһ֮Ҷƽ΢΢һЦҶҲԷģ
Ҷƽ˿˵ͬ־һԳԷ
Цһת뿪ˣǸ鷨ʦ˿ҶƽƺѾһԷ飬תҲŻˡ
֮˹ҶƽҶղŻ˭һԷ
ҶƽЦһҲһԹʡ鷨ʦֽһ
㲻˵ɶʱ£Ȼ鷨Ĵʦˣǰûзá
Ҷƽݸ˵鷨ûйϵ˼ֻһ鷨ʦϵݶأһЩʡ쵼Ͽ͡
һҶƽ˵ˣ֮һ鷨ʦһԷ²˼Ҵʦ£˼鷨ʦ°ɡ
˵һỰ뿪ҷ꣬ҶƽŻһʲô£˵ڻҴҪ֪ǲʵģһһ𣬲֪ǲйأһԻһĹϵһһЩʡ쵼ϵУīͣһЩ쵼ϲӹţǽнύЩνīҲϲȨ߽Ȼ䵱Ȩͣ˫Ǹȡ裬һ
ҶƽҲжˣһʶһһԱǰİҲ֮ϾЩ˳䵱ȨͣȻĹٳ
ֿ뿪ʡǻˣҶƽŰ칫ҵ׼ǰее飬Ϊ쵼ҪУҲǾʡ׼ģص׼
СٻȻҪⷽ׼ȻҲСٻ£ҶƽҲ˻㱨һЦоҶƽеĸһְطûȥȥ˿칤ˣͬҪȥúõؿһѡ
ദǢҶƽԴҲǺأһ棬˵Ц˿û¼֮ĹϵһǱȽƽ׽ˣһҶƽβ֮ĹϵôСһǺ֧ҶƽĹҶƽҲǷǳ׽
Ҷƽ׼Ҫȥ˵ʱʡί֯ͻȻרҶƽ̸˽ҶƽһӾʡί֯˽ĿˣҪˡ
ҶƽͷȻԻ⣬ǱϾദʱ̣ʡί̸֯ʱר˵һЩûжٵ֤ݣĻʡί֯˵ΪԻƫʱ˳Ķˣ׽˼Ȼʱ֪ΪʲôͻȻڿʡί֯Ŀйء
֮£Ҷƽһ˳ˮ飬ȲԻͬʱҲ˵ʲôֻǷ̸һ»ȥû֯ѹذɡ
ʡί֮֯ҶƽǰԼ֯˽һ»ʡί֯÷ǳ棬ʵǵ߿ҲǷ쵼֮ڻùȲˣ͵ϳίˡ
ҶƽҲûбʾʲôԵʡί֯Ҳǲݲձ뿪˹
ڿһܣʡίίٿ飬оһɲùȵίһˣϽθгһְϽигļ𣬶ڻֻǸһϽһ𣬶ȹ鹤ϽĿռȨ㣬Ȼֻһг֮ȨȴرĴ
˴εĵȫϽίǳȽĻһȽ֮ԭϵҪΪطϵģһ棬һ˺ܽܵĹϵһȽϵܺãֹϵ£α㶨ˡ
֮ǰ뾺Ҳĺ󱸸ɲֻҶƽͻȻɱһҶƽżѹ֮ѪҪһԸԳˡ
ʡίίԺ󣬻ǸһƵģڹİ칫￪Ц칫бԹ纣֮󣬸оرĴ̶˾ȻõΣҵϽθгûʡί쵼ָ֧ǲܵ顣
Ҷƽڵ֪ԺҲǸе棬ʡί֯ʱֻ˵ҪԻãû˵ʲôְλ֪ϽигҲǳԤˣϽгһʵȨλӣټϳȽ֧֣ϽǱ߿Ǻˡ
뿪֮ǰרȥҶƽһ𣬿ԼҶƽеԼʵԼʾģеظܵڵֵ֮飬ڹȻûȥˣ˼зӣ˹һˣⲻҲ˼ҵһֱ
ҶƽȻؿż¶Цʾףأɤ˵Ҷǰ䣬κ¸ûټĹǰ䶼ûУ̫ˣ
û뵽ͻȻᵽ飬ҶƽѰǣڻȻ˳ԼǰʾζǸŨˡ
ллԣӦгŶԡҶƽҲǷ̵˵Żôһס
һЦڻˣллҶʱҹ֧֣ʱ䵽Ͻָ
ûʽΣһһϽˣҶƽǿﲻһ˿壬ǿЦɲҵпջгָǹĹ
ǺǺһЦ˵Ҷ֪֮һᣬǶǹȥˣǹҲǴȨգҵϽǱߣܻǷֹܹǸʱһҪҶֻ֧֣ҪܽܺһһɼҶΪ˵꣬ͳʡ쵼ǶҪҶ죬ܲܶչһ£ֻҪҪʲôҾȥ죬ʡǾôһط̧ͷͷӦѺദ˵ǲǣ
ͻȻ󷢸пôҶƽ˵ȻҶƽҶƽϾǴڹôһҪλӣϽץùҪҶƽ֧֣ЩҲҪҶƽİ֮ǰҶƽ֮ĹϵȻ˳ȽǰҲһЩȻҶƽһЩ뽯ۣͬҶƽҲûʲô̫£пܵĻĻҪֻܻȡ棬һǿ϶ܾ˵¡


802 ȥӲ
Լʾã·֮ǰЩһֽһȥˣҶƽ֪ĿģҲ֪ʱ̬֮ȻڹĻž˵ҲûʸԼ˵ֻˣԼϽˣȻǿɵ˵Żҹ֦ͼڽǵȦ
Ҷƽ΢΢һЦ˵гչҰչ㣬Ǳߣũѧһץôٺȣ˵ҪѺദǶԵģ֮Ѻദôг˲Ҫ˺гദҲҪȻгദǺгľĻֹعǵȷҪµعãҲ츣¡
Ҷƽһ˵͸оԼĲԱҶƽһأȻӦͬʱѵһҲȰ֮⣬оҶƽͭǽڰ־;
ǺǣҶ͵ʵˣһҪܵҶ쵼֮໥ְ֧ɣʵദġԲԵ˵
Ҷƽһۣû˵ʲô˵Ҳ棬뿪˹Ҳ۲Ϊ˵ʲôء
㬵뿪Ҷƽķ䣬ҶƽǰչʾһԼȴ˿ûռϱˣ˼ҶƽĻѹȥ
ϣҶƽʾѺһ㣬͸УչʾһڹԵҶƽƺûʶƵģûⷽ£ȫǲµӣеߣоԼҲԭҶƽû֮ǰҶƽﵱ֮ҲûôҶƽҶƽΪʲôǶгɼ
ĵط֪Ҷƽ˽йᣬıȡ˽˼䷴У֮ǰ˵Щ飬˹ְ֮иһЩ飬Ҷƽٶʲôõ뷨
뿪˹ϽְȽֹܹڳȽϵǺܺãһʱ֮һˮ֮УϽ켫һʱ
ΪĶ֣ҶƽΪ˻һİӾˡ
СٻзҶƽǰп칤氲һҶƽרһµϳԭվֵվ֮󣬾ˣ˵һξͻԼ³ȴû뷨޷һĹߣµϳĵξѾˡ
СٻŰ칫ҵԱǰҶƽͷں󳵣һΪЩҪŵĻðţԴ飬Ǹܵ⵱쵼ĺôˣߵ˶һʽĿ⣬ȼҶƽ˻顣
ҶƽˣֻܹؿҶƽұʾ޼Ϊȴǿ׽һЩֵһЩԱ㽨֮Ĺϵ
ʻڸٹ·ϣ쵽еĸ·ʱֻмͣڸ·ڴСٻǰһͣΪ֪⼸ίӭҶƽĳ
Ҷƽ󣬲֪˭ӭԼģʵӭӵʽҲûʲô˼Ǵȴִ˲ƣͬŴԱطԱнӭ˴ͳɫʡ
ҶƽڳҲҪǰĳӭӺֱſˣû뵽ǣӳͻȻ߳һҶƽ̧ͷһȻԬ
ԬȻԹӭе̫ˣϾʲôʡ쵼ʡ쵼ԬҲһֱӳӭӣʡίʡʡίʲôһ㸱ʡʡίίҲһԹӭӡ
һҶƽ̴ӳʱԬѾ˹ҶƽӭȥԬǺá
ԬǺһЦҶӭӲָ
ҶƽԬЦԬǣʲôӲָǻؼ˰
Ԭ˵ǻؼˣӭؼҡ
֣˵Цһ£Ȼ˳ʻȥԬӭٲȴû¶棬ֻ˵ļӴûԬǫˡ
ʵǣԬԼӭҶƽģûиٲٲԲ뵽ҪӭҶƽԵθҶƽѾίʱеǳľȣ֪ô¡
Ȼξ͸Ԭȥ·ӭҶƽˣһе㾪棬ԬҶƽϵ
񣬶ھȻԬҶƽ뵽ίǱˣߵûʲô£֮ǰȻҶƽìܣ뷨ҶƽˣҶƽҲһӵΪһгҪ뷢չطľãпչأⷽҪҶƽְ֧
ٲһ룬еڱҶƽٽùϵֲԸҶƽʾãûԬܣƲˣ㳯˵һȥί
ٲ򵥵һ£¥ȻԼרίԺȥʱҶƽίԺĻԬｻ̸š
Ҷƽļίίڽӵ֪ͨ߸ϣԬһʱҶƽ죬ʱһӭҶƽĿĵȻȡҶƽ֧֡
˵һᣬᵽٻҵ԰飬Ҷƽһ֪ʲô˼ˣ޷õָб
飬ҶƽҲǰ·Ͽһ·ȻŰнٻҵ԰ֻ˵أȴʣ˷õָꣿ
ԬͱʾֻҪ˵أٻҵ԰϶ͶʣھҪ֧֣ζҪȡٻҵ԰
ԬУҶƽϵЩɶˣѵôǿҵķչ֧֣϶еȥʱӦԬȻٿһʡ쵼ʾϾһ˲ȫȻȨһЩ顣
ŵʱٲҴҵظϵˣί¥㣬ҶƽԬڵĻңһſҶƽԬˣЦԬǣҶˣԲסˡ
ٲһ£˽ҶƽһҲվЦŵгãҲǸոչ벻ܼ㣡
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ٲ֪ҶƽæЦŵҶܹеңүˣǱðһݣ
ٲԼǰǫӣҶƽǸеЩ⣬Լλһ䣬ٲ̬Ҳ˱仯Ͼ֮ûͻˣڻҪԼɵϲŻԼìܡ


803 
Ԭ𿴵ٲֻ΢Цһ£ûվٲҶƽ˵˵֮һ
ҶڷչǳаõطҪ֧֧ǡٲ֮󣬱ЦҶƽ˵
ҶƽһǺһЦղԬ˵飬ֿ֧϶Ҫֵ֧ģ֧˵Ļһ֧˭г̫ˡ
ٲһ̸߽Ľ࣬ԬһԲ岻ϻǲԬԬȥǺް취ҶƽоЩȥԻǰԬ˵ǰͷԬ廰
ԬȻ廰Ҷ˵ĸ˴רŹӲ˹ȻǵĹ֧֣ٲгЩˣҶ;Ͷ٣ҿҶϢһ°ɡ
ԬԸٲҶƽ̸ҶƽϢٲһԬԼҶƽҪȥϢҶƽ̸ĻᣬҶƽ֮ĹϵȻ֮ǰ˹ϵܲãڲԸı䰡
ǺǣԬ˵ĶԣҶûüϢǻҪϢȵǺúþһۡȻ룬ٲǿҶƽ̸˳ԬĻ˵ҶƽȥϢ
ҶƽҲҪʲôϢǿ֮ĹϵԺǰһһ̸Ҳ̸ʲôԻȥϢĺãﲻô
ҶƽȥľƵϢ齵ľƵǰõƵ꣬ίĹԱ֪ҶƽõƵ֮ĹϵֱӽҶƽŵõƵϢˡ
ȸһ绰õҲ֪ҶƽеϢһгʻõƵʱ򣬰õͳ˱վſжӵȺ
ԬٲһҶƽ͵ҶƽӳһǰжӻӭľƵԱҲˣƵҲǺܻӭ
õһ㼸ǰЦȥҶƽֵҶгá
ȻҶƽԭĳƺҶƽҲ΢ЦŵֵƣЩ󰡣
õЦ˵ҶгҪǶܼôһĿҶгݡ
ҶƽһЦоԼͻȻ֮˴ﶼҪֻܵӭˣʵԭǸˣֻλӱ˶ѣʲôÿġ
õ֣վڰõ΢ЦţҶƽȻҲ˹ȥڱԽԽ֣ȵ߽󣬳ͻȻСض˵ƽ骹ˡ
һ֣ҶƽϾȵص骣
ЦԼһ˹棬ھƵ棬Ҹˣһҹû˯þ
Ҷƽû뵽λ骣骵óʱûϢˣӦڲǱ߹˴εӦҳģû뵽Լ
ȻᣬҼҶƽҲСԳ˵
Ԭٲ˰Ҷƽ͵Ƶ֮󣬱Ҷƽ뿪ˣȵ֮Ҷƽõ˼棬ȥˣõʱҶƽǺҶƽԱߣԸҶƽһˮȻҶƽҶƽָʾ
ҶƽӹˮһˮȻõĿĺò̳İõԽԵþǿɺŮζʮ㣬ĿеЩܲˣҶƽҪʱؿ
ҶƽҵӪõʾҵڷչıȽ˳ί̨֧Ӫ÷չȻǱ߲ûеõϸִУ˵ǰˣϾίļһЩҲҹȻΥίǰҵɧŵĹְԱٶˡ
ҵӪһЩִλǰɧţתõȻˣҶƽһ룬оԬⷽ滹òֻٲ̬ȣŵִеĲ
Ҷг㵽ʡǱôӦܺøɰɣõҶƽһۣĵʵ
ҶƽЦһЦаɣعǣгѹֻǰͰѹþˣʹٴѣҲûѴ󡣡
õһ㲻ΪȻصҶгҿǹٳҲǲ٣ʲôѣ±ҵѴⷽҲ֪һЩġ
ҶƽǺһЦҲ˽ⲻˣѲһûпɱԣٴѣл֯ģֻܿԼȥǵѶȴ󡣡
õȻһЦѵʱǻ֧û֧Ҳûѿ˷ġ
Ҷƽ˵ͷ˵˵ҲԣڹؼʱҪ֧ǵģЩ˶Ӫҵƫֵ֧ȲʵֻҪ澭ӪҵӪҵҵӦ֧֣ܲϷչ׳󣬶Ҳһֹס
ҶƽĻ֮󣬰õͻȻп˵һҶгҪٻгͺˣԴ֧ǡ
û뵽õ뷨ҶƽǺһЦˣȻˣ֯ϾͲһˣίڻǱȽ֧ǵģԼͺˡ
оҶƽһ̸ǳĿģõɫʼúҶƽϢһģõûƣˣһԼĵŮˣһ˵ĸоΪʲôк֪˵أʵʱһֺ֪ĸоõҲһλѧ֪ʶӣֻ˳¾õŮˣȻҵܣںܶ෽滹ǱһЩָѧ֪ʶŮԵʺ̸£ҾгԽó졣
֪䣬Ҷƽõ˽һСʱԬһĵʱ仹õ˵ǾǺܿĵӣȻоеȣͰǰһŦؽ˿ҶƽԼǰӡ
õȻûгǰҲǷǳԲڰõǰŦһɣһֻ˶ͻȻжð˳
ҶƽɵشһɨĿڰõϰ֮ϣõһɫȹװҲǰİɫ·ϣ͹Գǰġ
ķȽϵСҶƽһ𣬾͸еЩӵõ䣬еһԪأֲеȶ⿪Ŧۡ
ҶгеȣٸˮҶƽĿⲻͣϣõﲻæȥҶƽˮ
Ҷƽ˵ãѾվߵҶƽĸǰͷҶƽˮҶƽһ̧ͷܿǰĲλŦɿһǰİɫһƬǿ̫ˣֱͿԿˣϢҪ˸ϢҶƽæ̧ͷһ˵ˣˣٵˣҪȥϢˡ


804 õ뷨
оܲգҶƽæڰָ߰õҪȥϢõؿ۲صҶгҿææȥأ
Ҷƽ˵Ŷ飬ûҴһʲôҪϢˣȻȥɡ
õҶƽӣ֪Ҷƽʲôˣеϲ˵ҶƽиоģҲżԼȥϾҪ˼ԱݣҶƽȴĵģûʲôҶƽȨıȡ˼֮ǰҶƽܶ࣬ȴûȡκλرһֱαҶƽֲ˼ֱ˵Ҷƽֱֻû̽һҶƽķӦ
ҶƽҪȥĻõؿҶƽһۣĿǷǳջ󣬼ʹҶƽȫҲѾܵˣĿǲòӦģӦͻ˺һλƯŮʿģҶƽĲĲӦ
ҶƽĿһʱǿɾ͸˰õЩĹҶƽҪ˵֮ʣõͻȻһ㵹ҶƽһȴҶƽϣҶƽȻֱ׵ϣһʱû͸ù
ϲ㣬ҶгõݺݵҶƽһڣȻͻȻ̧ͷؿҶƽ
Ҷƽû뵽õͻȻôԭΪ֣Ȼ˼ǲֱ׵ı¶ȻˣŮ֮ͻȻŮ˱˻ӵңһȴʰˣ׸Ӧֱ֣
ܣܣãʵҸûʲôϲġҶƽ˼ܣðõԱ
ΰõȴû˵Ҷг˵ĻҵһʱҲûиоôŮϲʱֻŰѳ¾õĹ˾õ֣㣬һЩ뷨ҵʱҲǵӹڴֱҪû뵽ĻӦΪôʹذĿĵģҪôΪ˳¾õĹ˾ҪôΪˣǺʵ֤û˼ͷһֱ뱨㣬ǮҪȻҾ㣬ҲܾˣûŴϵõʲôرֻңѹ˾Ӫã㲻ˣڹҲǾعƽ޲Щ飬еĵλԽԽߴҲûռҵ飬˵ĻǷĵģܲܣҶҪ󵨵˵
õ˵ⷬһʱ֮Ҷƽסˣ޷Ӧ˵ĻһǳƯŮϲԼ˵Ҳһеҵ飬ôܹܣһ쵼ɲΪһ쵼ɲԼԭΪһмҵˣǲٽԵʾģǾǷˣȻ˼к첻ƮƮ˳Ҫܵ͹Ĵˡ
СףǺúõһĺòãҶƽҲٽаõΪˣǽСף⻰һ˵õеҶƽ׽࣬תҶƽԱߡ
СףҰΪ˹Ϊ˽飬֮ǰʶֻǳȶ¾ù˾ĿĲŴӦҪ󣬲Ұ㣬Ҳûʲô뷨뷨ˣܾͲô˳ˣֻ˽ηηһǰһ˽˽⣬ʾͷ˱仯ͻֽˣ֮ʲôϵԺٰ㣬ҾͻеһĿ⿴ң˵ܲܣ
Ҷƽڰõ֮󣬾ĳض˵Щõ֮ȴǲܲˣصҶ磬ϲ㣬˾ҿԲҪҲҪңҾϲˡ
õһ˵һַ߰ҶƽϣҶƽ˵ҶкôϲңҺܸˣ㹻ˣľͲҪٷʲôˣҼС
õҶ磬ϲȫҸ˵뷨Ӱ쵽ļͥģ㵣ĻӰ쵽ļ֮ͥ䱣ܲ𣿡
ҶƽֽǲܰסģֻҪ˲֪ܲɣҾΪã㵱ĸˣвУ
õĬţһ˵Ĳ죬ҶƽʼղϽеʧ䣬Ҷƽ̬Ⱥܼ޷Ҷƽ־ҶƽԸãѾһĪˡ
Ҷ磬Ĳܽ𣿡õֲĵ˵һ䡣
ҶƽƽؿҪ˵ЩˣԺãǺܺϲǿԵģǾԽ磬𣿡
оҶƽּ̬ȣõڷе뷨ǰŦҲ¿ˣȻ󿴵Ҷƽע⣬ͻȻҶƽһڣ˵׸һ£Ҷɣ
Ҷƽ⧲ֻùһЦû£û£ͺˡ
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һһɳҶƽæ骵£ղðõķңȻ˯һˡ
ƽóʱûˡһҶƽϲЦûгղô뷨
Ҷƽһ̹һЦվ˹ȥס骵֣˵ôһˣҦΰأ
һᵽҦΰ˵ҳ棬ʲôû뵽㡣
ҶƽһۣͻȻֵֹ˵骣ż˼ң˼Ҳһżأ
û뵽ôһ䣬ҶƽЦ˵㣬⻰л骹ҿ϶氡ղе㷦һʱ˯ˣ㲻Ұɣ
ûô뷨Ц˵ô㰡㹤æǺڵ˽ʡˣؼҵʱˣʲôʱٻͷ
ҶƽЦ˵ʱһȥģڻ﹤ɣ
骵ˣҵسˣظθϯһҲǸƼɲˣƽ㣬ڶɲˣ϶ҪΪʡ쵼ˡ
ҲһϽŮˣԸˣ뷨سǣظϯһ׼ɵĲţʱ䵽档
ΰأҶƽҦΰǷޡ
骵絳ίˣһҲǸƼɲˣҲЩˣƽƽӾˣôǲÿæҪźӶ˲ˣ
ҶƽЦ˵̫ˣû˵źӣÿæתǵСܰ


805 ˵ִ
ҶƽǺ˵ЦԱ߿Ҳǽ¶ЦݣղоҶƽõ̸ʱ̫ˣҲ֪õʲôڰõ㣬ӵһֹɷݣȫǰõҶƽϣʵ֮ĹϵҲǲǺܺãֻΪ˸ԵҪкˡ
骻ǰһǰ㵥ҶƽΪеˣһ飬лٲ˾ǲ̫ӣ̫˾ͻ̫̫࣬࣬ǳͶˣԻǼһãҪϵĿ
Ȼڹٳû̫򵥣骲ȥ׷ٳϵĽȻǿ̫һЩȻҪڹٳ߳ƣͨˣûһ϶ǲеģ̫ǿ϶ñƣҲɼҪȻ˻˵ٴԼأ
ͳһҶƽ̸˵Źȥ£Ҳǲ岻죬΢Цš
˷ܵӣҶƽƺְ˼˹ȥ뵱ողμӹʱҲĶֻǵʱ骲ûаߣû뷨ȻѾԼ˾룬Ҳزʱˡ
Ҷƽ骵˵˵ЦЦ֮УͰ˼˹ȥЩǣЩͬѧǣѾϵˣ˵Ҳǹ̫æЩͬѧϵ̫ˡ
˵һỰ뿪ˣҶƽ飬ܲһֱ骿ٴƽʱȥһˣأ
ҶƽӦţ骺ͳͳ˷ţ֮ϢһᣬȵԬһԷ
Ϣ֮Ҷƽϸ˼һ˴˿칤Ȼһ룬θһ֧֣Ԭⷽ滹ǷǳУô֧Ԭ
ϵʱԬٲ˶ƵҶƽۻᣬȼ˶ˣһȻһ˵ЦҶƽҲǺܸ˵ӣһ졣
˵һĻҶƽʹһɫҶƽ״ߵԱȥԱ֮󣬻Сض˵ƽ˵㵽ʡǱ鷳٣
ҶƽĿһ˵ô֪ģ
˵ʡǵϵȽ϶࣬˵һЩ飬ʡǵ˼ʹϵӣֻǰȥ벻ǵȦӣ¾ͻٺܶѣʡĹӵͷҲ֪ģǹȥ»㲻ҪСһЩ
Ҷƽһ˵飬һ˵ЩȨʡǵг˳ǵ⣬ǸһҲûˣ⼸ҲĳЩ˶ǵֲ֧Ż绽꣬ûЩˣ㲻ʲô
ͷ˵ҲǣǵıһЩȨƵˣûЩˣʲôʡĹӣһЩӵܰˣΪԭҪСģǵĵ
Ҷƽһעģʲô򣬻㼰ʱҡ
ЦȻֻҪõʲô϶һʱ㣬ԼҪעⲻҪϱ˵ĵ
ҶƽͻȻʵ磬ðٻҵ԰ܲܽ
һ˵ٻҵ԰ԬҪģҿҪٲ̨жĳɷ֣ܲܽҿЩڵʽҪʯĿˣĻжʽٸٻҵ԰ǲˣ
Ҷƽһüͷ˵Ҫʡõָ꣬Ҫõָ꣬ȴǽ費ɰٻҵ԰Ǿһܱʣ˵һҪˡ
òҪٲ֮ȥϾ뿪ˣһ֪ͣˣ϶ΪôˣԬҲǲ֪زô㣬ٲǱȽϰ裬˶ŪܾˣǾͲˡ
ٲڰٻҵ԰̬Ȼԭ𣿡Ҷƽ˼ʵ
ǸӣôܻԬķͷǹҪ֧Ԭٲ϶ԣûбҪȥˮ
Ҷƽ˵ͷо˵еѾ뿪УûбҪȥԬٲ֮飬Ū˵ͱʡ˵ǣαȥһɧȻҲһҵˣԬ޷еľƣٻҵ԰϶費ûбҪȥԬˡ
ԬǺѺãֲԬӣ⵹һȽΪѵ顣
ͻ̸˰ĻҶƽһص˷䣬ʱԬٲѾкŴȻԬ˵ӭҶӲеĹһݡ
һƣٲĿ⾼ؿһУֵĳϲΪЩԬĹϵãĹϵһ㣬еڣûϲ쵼֧֣϶ǱȽϹġ
ҶƽԬʾŻӭҲæʾҵ˴λҲǼ쵼ҲûʲôĿģӲָ֮˵ǹˡ
һǹЦٲЦԺͻȻɫؿҶƽҶ˴βǸõָʯĿĽ軹ҪõأҶһҪչ˰
ٲϵһ˵һӾͰѴҵĿ˹ȥٲͻȻ˵˹ƺ뵱ǰֻһ˵ЦԷղϣԬȴ֪˵Ŀˣ޷ҶƽҪְ֧ٻҵ԰Ľ裬Ҫ֧ʯĿĽ裬ˡ
ԬһģȻٲЦгǲ̸ϵ飬ʯĿĽڷǳ˳ҲҪʲôõˣһϣͲҪΪҶˡ
ٲɨԬһۣȴ˵ʯĿֻһڣڿ϶ҪõأҪʯ֮ûдõָ϶ǲеģԬǣҲҪҶ֧ǡ
ֻûпʼԬٲ˾ȻͶˣٲǿӲ˿˼ӣԬеϺû棬ϾôڣһҪҶƽһӸЦٲ̬ǲݷԣҪѧٲ̬ٲӲпˡ
оûκεİ취Ԭоûټ˵飬ǿЦ˵гһ˵˵ˣҪ˵ˣҶǶܸˣǰѾԻӭҶ
ٲһۣԬҪתƹȥȥٲִ飬ִҲûãֱԱϾϲˣΪҶƽлӭᣬոԾ


806 ԬҪְ
ٲ˵֮ⷬҲ˵ˣҪҶƽףû֧֣ʹѵٻҵ԰Ҳûʲôһ־Ȼ̬ȣʯĿҪأõָʯĿ
Ҷƽ֪뷨ԬҲûзƷٲȻĵúúÿҪҪͬԬҪ
ԬȻǳҲ÷ֻúͺϡ࣬ոҪúúõһ磬䳡
ҿٲûٶ˵˿ҲԬոһû䳡ҶƽҲǺȵúܿģеˣȵĿǲ١
ڶ죬ҶƽȥʯĿؽӲ죬ôһҪ˽ʹȻԬٲ˲ͣҲ޷ƹĿһͬҶƽֳ
ٲҶƽҲ֧ĹͷҶƽȽϿˣ֮ǰ֮ҪҶƽżߣΪҶƽԬҪʲôٻҵ԰в棬ŻᰵҶƽߣû뵽ҶƽᵱϹڷҪҶƽ֧Ĺˡ
ʯĿأԬҶƽȥٻҵ԰Ĺ滮ֳҶƽȥ֮󣬷ֻһһƬعطֲЩʵΥõأΪûеõԬϣܰһأչٻҵ԰
һǰ״Ҷƽȴ᲻ԬˣԸòôҲܹԬ𣬷չ£ٲģ˭ίƤôܰɺá
ٲֳǸ˵κλȫԬҶƽţһõίͬһԱԲѵ˵飬ʯĿǱȻȣǲֵһᡣ
ҶƽԬĻҲֻǵͷʱκεı̬Ԭ״ǽܵļҲܿûˣֻ˵ȱʽȱϷأֻҪ㣬ٻҵ԰϶ܷչһĹҵ
ҶƽֻܱʾµǰǳãϾģԬģڲΪˣ㲻֧ˣһߣͣˣֿ֧Ҳûð
ӲطҶƽίԺٿһƹ㱨ᣬԬ֣ٲ룬ȫίӳԱμӣίԼֱֵŸ˲μ˴˴λ顣
Ҷƽͨ˵ǰƣڹҶصıԽԽϸصĺԽԽطž÷չر֮ìܣõָΪĶ֮£ҪԼԴõָ꣬Ҫȫʡͳһ滮裬ӪȫʡгؾӪΪһִٽ÷չ󻬼
Ҷƽһ棬֮󣬾͸оҶƽǽɫĿ죬ԭûĹڵϹһӳΪطרˡ
Ҷƽеĸɲ˿ΣȻ뿪˻صʡˣصʡԺʹ绰˵Ԭָ¡
Ҷƽһ룬ͱʾҪʽõָ꣬ȥٲٲǩ֣Ȼ뷨ֱйֵϳ
˵ֻȥٲٲһİٻҵ԰Ľõأǩֵ¡
ûа취ֻԬ㱨һͷеҶƽֻ֧ǲٲǩʵϾһίؾܾ֪ٲô̾һеԼûίˣٲԣȴûĹһίǾûжȨˣԲص֯ԭžӳһ£ž¾ģҪôҪôٲٲٸӲҲ
Ԭľģ¶֮󣬱ʡȥžžʡίԺ棬ʡίԺ䱸ɭϣԬ𾭳ȻûʲôϰʡίԺ֮󣬱Ҵ˳Ȼߵί¥ǰžϵһϵһ£žֵҵԱһ绰Ԭȥ
еİ⣬žҲûжţ֮ǰ˵һӶǻٳһ⣬ֻдԬϵػǱȽϲҲ˶˫˫õεԭ֮һû뵽ԬһίǣгһְٲΣӾֳˣͬгһǶƣ˫Ҳǲ࣬ûʲôԣȴȫͬˡ
ٲȽ⣬ǴгΪصʹõģⱾһټٲļͥԼϼ֮ĹϵЩѴԬҪдʶҪƽһʱһ֮ϺٲʯĿãʵ˵ǰԬ𣬲Ҫٲʲôάӵȶ
ԬһȽˣһֱǱȽ̣ٻ̣Ҳ̲סʱ򣬱ϾίǣٲгӦ˵㣬Ƿȫٲ˵㣬ڵٲȫ˵㣬úٲûչЩˣҲῴЦɲίǣҲȥˡ
Ԭ£¥㣬Ȼھžķ䣬ʵһӵԬҪĵ绰֪ԬҪʲôˣҪ㱨ͻڵ绰ֱ˵ˣԼ˵ʲô£ȻҲ֪£Ųһ£֪¡
һ߽žİ칫ңԬǹžʩһžһָԬûߵžǰ˵ǣ̸̸ġ
һҪ̸ģžһ£Ӱ칫߳Ȼ칫ԱߵɳϣȻһУԬԱߡ
𰡣ʲô¾ֱӸ˵ɡԬ֮žֱ˵
Ԭһ´ǣȻ˵ǣеĹڸʡίĽˣҸоЩģ½ʡίҵ롭ְ
ԬͻȻ˵ְ֣žû뵽۾ôģ˵ôˣҪְǿʲôЦ
žȵӣԬ˵ǣҾ˼ǵģгΪʢǱߵ޾ϸίǾǱȽϲʲôҲûóֵİѿҲǱȽϳλϣְ֮ͣеĹȽϺá


807 
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ûа취ֻøһΪúãžùⲻȥְȶǵٲ֮Ĺϵ⣬Ȼ뷨ٲߣĻĿľʹﵽˡ
Ԭ˵꣬Ŀƽؿǰͷȴעžһһž˵⻰֪֮Դְ޷ǻΪٲԭٲǱߴȨԬԬΪίʱȴ޷ȫֵ϶е⣬˵ΪʡίǣӦ֧Ԭίǣٲȴͬڸô죿
žһ˵𰡣֪ģȫֵǲģٲǴӷίˣصץĿ黹뿪϶ǲеģ㲻Ҫˣȥúö࿼ǵͶ࿼һ£Ҫ̫ƽһЩ飬Ƿǳ֧Ĺģ
žȰ˵Ԭ𣬲ϣı䵱ǰ״˽ԬԸٻȥίǣ»Ԭ⣬ԬҪְˣʡίðٲίǣϾһЩϣȷʵٲòԣԬһְٲίǣ˻ô
뷨žȻԸԬְֻҪԬܸɵȥίְ񣬵һԵ͹ԬٲԾľģһᶨٲߣһҪְľģžδ顣
ʵڽžľҲһȽϴľˣʱžȰ˵ĻԬֳ˵ǣְǷĵģ֮ǰһֱڹ˴֣ȫٲͬ־ĹٽʯĿغͽ裬ҸоҵʹѾɣٴλϾûˣίһЩƲΣʡίְʡίٰһҺʵѡίǡ
Ԭ侲дӲž˵ŻдŶžĲֲžίȥгĹˣͲԸٸˣȻû˵ٲ֮ìܣǻеָѾǳԣͿžα̬ˡ
žȻ֪˵⣬ԬȻ⣬ܣʡίǵǲսģ˶ʹĳЩʡίǱ˻ᵱ
ɫɵرԬٲ֮ìѵ˲ɵ͵ĵزٲԴĻܻ⣬Ԭ״̬Ѿ޷˵Ԭټά־ˡ
һ룬ž˿Ԭɫ˵ͬ־ҪѾ֪ˣǴְû濼һ£Ȼȥɣʡίİš
žһô˵ԬЩ׼ְͬǲְͬһΰҲǸоž᲻һõĽҲǸе޷Ԥˡ
Ԭ߳žķ䣬ȥȺžĻظžȻ֧ٲ֧
Ԭڸžһ⣬Ԭٲ֮䵽Ҫѡ˭ʵѾעҪôźÿһЩ̫ܲӰ죬ҷϹٳʵ˼˵ʲô
ʵһܵ飬Ԭٲ֮ĲϵעһЩԷֻܾйٳ𵴡
һ绰ʡί֯˹󣬱ǰºžֱӶ˵򲿳ǱߵԬҪְͷȥһ£һûкʵѡǱίǡ
һҲǴһʵǣԬҪְ
žңҪְûа취ֻͬ⣬ȥѡһԸȽºͣʱȽǿͬ־ȥ˽Ԭѡ֮󱨸ңо
ȻžžˣҲ˵ʲôӦһһͷȥ£Ԭ𲻵ίˣҪΰţ
žһ˵ʡίθ鳤ɣȷһţȽ˵
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һʹӦһȻ뿪žķ䣬뿪֮žһ룬ȥ顣
ҶƽصʡԺǸݽһ룬ٲûǩ֣ˣȰ͸ˣ֮Ūʲô⡣
ʡҪʽԱص͵ȦصΪ׼ص鴦һͣгΪ
ʱʡóίǿ뽻ʡһֱע飬ڵʡ纣̱Ҷƽ
֪Ҷƽһ£纣ȫصҳĻص˿Ӧýаģֻڻĵ룬һЩû顣
ʡóίǩһͬǸͬȻǱȽϷгʵʣ۸ǱȽϸߵģֻûоĳѣǸϲ̨ͬʵĺͬ۸Ѿ󽵵ͣ뵱ǰг۸ܴڵͼء
ͬͬⶼύʡУʡóίнʱŻֳڹؼǰظȥȻ󽯱ñֵ֣ǮȻǽˡ
纣յ֮󣬲ܿеҲ޷ָʲô⣬ȶֹʡóίΪ
ڽµֻй֪˵Ľûƾʵݵ֤飬Ҷƽ˿ס
Ϊ˲˿纣רȥһʡóί˽صȥ֣֮ʡóίĴ󲿷˸֪飬еĺĻ޴֪ǱڹĻӦֻʡóίҪ쵼ͬ־֪£ûȥֱʡóίҪ쵼飬ʡóίҪ쵼Ҳġ
ֻðҶƽԺҶƽ֪üΪأֻ˲֪飬ʡóίƲرҵһأע⵽飬㲻õĻһŸܵ⣬׬ȡ޶ͬʱһڸͣ


808 ³ɽ
Ҷƽ֪֮˰죬һֹʡóί˿ص⣬ʡóί˿أĿҪõһʲۣ˿صˣ϶ҪȴóίȻóί֧ʡóίҪ󽫿ʡóίһҵֱӴʡóίĿĿ϶ʲôҪ󽫴˿ҪֱӴʡôǮͻʡļܷΧ֮ڣתߴ˱ʿ㲻ô׵ˡ
һ룬Ҷƽ㰲纣ʡóίˣ˵ύĲϲϸ񣬱ṩʡ˻׵Ŀ뽻ʡ˻ϡ
纣Ҷƽ⣬оǳ˵ץסҪֻҪǮʡ˻ʡóί֧ʿȻҪͨʡʿʡʡļ֮£õʿķձȻӴ
Ҷƽ֮ͻȻ˵е쵼ҪԬҪУίһְȴû˵˭Ρ
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Ҷƽһ룬ûȥ£Ԭٲ֮佣ţҪһ뿪Ԭ뿪Ǿ˵ʡί֧ٲģԬٲ֮гʧơ
ʱԬʮ־ɥû뵽žҪ֧ٲģΪԲûӦеãʹ뿪С
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Ļ˿˵είһְʡίڽпǣҪ֪ͨģĿǰ˵ίǵ֮ǰĹȻ׼ʡί칫ְ
һ˵ԬҲ㲻֯Ż᲻ٲΪίǣĻźܴĿռ䣬޷жֻܷʡίľˡ
Ԭ֮ʵҲͦԽģžѡείǣѡһȦ֮ûжٺʵģмʵģ̸ʱȷʾԸȥְһ˵ľԽΪ󣬶һҪķΪ֪Ԭ֮ȥְԭ˭ҲԸȥ˵Ǹ˸еίǡ
һûžˣ֯ѡˣζҪžֻܰһž㱨ζͿžˡ
ž˻㱨ԺžҲüͷѡ˰ȻѡείǣٲֲʣϾѾԬˣѾչٲˣٲίǣʹʡί֯飬ʡίίҲͨ
ﲻǸе˳һѣܲǿĸɲȥ˵ίǣĻʱٲǸ㲻ùϵǾǳ鷳ˣһһҪأѡˡ
ѡô죿ܲûίǰɣž˰죬ͻȻһȽص⣬ίǵֻдȽȵڼûʲô⣬ڴȻ˸ʡβȥеίǣ
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žһд뷨֮󣬱Ҵ̸Ŀǰ˵˵Ӧ£ֻӦ£źôȻҪһ
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žֱ˵صȥеίǣίİӸˣȻٻҺͬ־оãΪֻʺȥ˾Ȼһȥ
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žǼȰ˵Ӧ£ֻҪӦʡͷͻн֧֣ĹͺøɶˣҴҲذѾȫõǱߣʡĹҪĿľôάίľ棬Ĺٲɡ


809 жԸ
žҪ󣬴ԾܾȻžҪӦ飬ܲӦ֮ǰǵίǣȽϵϤڹȥΣڰһ¹ˡ
ڴӦ֮ž鲻ٷԽȥѰѡˣֱӰŴίǡ
ھһ֮󣬴»صеίǣһúܶҲǴ۾ôôͬôαȥ£ȥίǣ
֪˻ôΪǴŲʣʡίҪȥְˣԬʡίθ鳤
ٲȻԬĹٳֻǶԴĵ־裬ǴǹٳϽзģԺ󣬵ٿίᣬȡ棬ȷʾ֧֣ٲ˵ʲôȻίﾴʱίǣﾴѵٲһ鶼ٲͨίҾͱ÷ǳгˡ
鵱ȻҶƽں֪飬ίӵȶٲʤΪٲʤ̫̫࣬·ƣϽĻͻԽԽǸʱļҲһУṩ֧ˡ
ʡóίڹʡóίԱн棬ʾعʡóίУؽǮʡʻҪչ涨ʡóί
ʡóίһн棬纣̽ҶƽҶƽ֪ò밴Ҫֹص
纣㰴ҪʡóίˣûκλأǲͬǾͲˡ
ʡóίһǳǿӲԹóίûκοʤȨֻܻͷ߽飬һЩɹǲ֪飬صУصغһǲ֪ģѵ֪ˣ
ͻȻһԤУԤҪʲô£ֲķصȨ棬װһǮȥڹǿϣѾʧˣʧ
һ飬ȥʡˣȻʡһأһķԣ˲ЩˣȻ޷ڹͨϵôͱƹһˡ
ʡóίڽ֮´Ӧ˹ҪҶƽееС⣬ܿһ룬ŷϽķ˵ΪʹʡļҲеν
ԾóίؿڽУʱ纣֣ʵȷʡһĵزˣļ۸ܸߣʡǵµΪ˲ЧӦҵزȫ棬һ
Ҷƽ֪һ֪ĸˣʡóί˽°ѵ˽ˣȻپתˣϿǾóίĵ˳ȥʵϻǽʡóίҪ֮ǰĺԼĵǮ֧һת֮䣬ʲʧˡ
Ҷƽ׷飬ڵ֪ǮѾתʡ֮̽βɣҪʡҪǮתʡóίػɹʲʧ
βɽӵһ棬̸еһǷʵ֤֤飬ҶƽʾʱûУѾ쵽һ⣬֤ݵ飬ͼ첿ʱ޷Ļᰲ˽Ӧĵ飬һЩ˿̽ƽͼ첿š
ҶƽĻβɵͷͬҶƽҪȻʡһ绰ʱҪʡóί֧ʽʡã֪ͨʡóί顣
ʡӦǮʡʻ֮ܿͻʡóί˻û뵽ȴͻȻ˱ʣô£ʡֻøʡлǮʡҪá
һ򼸺ҪˣʡǮȥˣôܵõ֪˻粻أһ룬ʡóί쵼ʡ򱨸棬Ҫʡ֧Ǯ
ʡóίȫ˽Ļűʡ򱨸ҪǮʡһ棬Ȼ㽻ββǩͬ⣬Ǿ֧ûβɵǩ֣Ҳ֧
һȥʯ󺣣ûκλβɵȻǩͬ⣬ʡûа취ֻûظʡóίʡóίٸ߽һиá
еЩˣúõһ¾Ȼ⣬ԺôʡǻȥѾڶٴˡ
֮ʣĹһ½ᡢ̴󽭡˺һ˵⣬ҲǸеЩùԴӹԺ鷳һһҲûǰǰ˳ˣ֪⵽ô¡
һҲҪ˳гˡü½ﵭ˵
Ϊʲô˲ͬ½ʵ
½ῴһۣЦһ˵ҹ÷򲻷ֹܹˣҲǻ˴룬ǰһûֺ£ҹ÷ҲȰҼþգҪٸȥˣҲ²˳ˣҵ׼˳геĵȫתˡ
½ԭ򣬽һͬУ˵ѲҲҪ˳гɣ
ûг̴󽭺ͺشǿӲĹϵˣ򱳺ĹϵȻӣǱֱˣ½ҪԻ飬Իڲֹܹˣ̴󽭺ͺͬ˻ųȽ֧֣ε쵼ΪһһʹȨûиеʲôѹ
ӣ̴󽭹һЦǲҪ̫гҪ˳ˣ񲻿ϧڲһСۣҪԭˣܵãǲŰ취Ūߣ
½һæʵ˵뷨Ҷƽ̨
̴󽭵ʲôԵģҶƽǣҴӶǵ£ǿǣҷˣҪôǹٳ࣬⣬ҪôǴθ̫ûȻǲ跨ŪߣһְĻǲֺǰһ𣿡
һ˵ҶƽոβãβܽŪߣѶ̫󣡡
Ϊ̴һӵĸ˵УϴҲеԴҶġ
Աһֱû˵ĺ̽ӻ󽭸˵ûΪֻҪģѵ㲻һ
һĹϵЩҶƽˣһ˵½˾ͷ̴ͬˣֻǲ֪ν˼ҶƽŪߣҶƽɲʡͷ϶ֵ֧ʡ쵼˵Ū߾Ūߣ


810 פʡũ
ҶƽֹʡóίǿؿĻתҲǳ֮ߣϾʱһʡóίǻʡҪԵǰ֮ƾҪѽʡóίֻҪһǮȻǵòˡ
Ҫ飬ȴô׵£纣ȡϢǸ֪˸Ը֤飬Ǹ֪Ҳ˵˵Ÿģ֪ͨܵ
Ҷƽǰ죬һܵĵ飬纣𣬹жǶйд飬һûʲô⡣
һ뷨֮Ҷƽʡί˽ϵʾԸʡίһִ飬ʵҲǰʡί
ҶƽͰżͼ鳤ȥʡίϵȻһϺˣҶƽܲ죬㰴ҶƽķԸȥʡίţղţţղȽϤһҪչ飬ţղžǹһЦǵҶϲּ鰡ɣһ˹ȥǣҪǸɡ
ЦҶ˼ǵĹҲæǲ鷳ǡ
ţղǹһЦʲô鷳ģʡίҪ֧ǹĹ
ǳ˳Ҫ²ҪʡίʲôҪǹɣԸ£ȥӣ
ʡίһСӹ£ҶƽԽӼ˼ҽһСӣ˼Ǵʡίģĸλȥ鹤˲ҲӣҶƽҲҪ˼һ¡
СΰŶʮ꣬ʡίֻһƼɲţղŰ˵ʡίû̫ӹ£ҶƽһΰǸо˲˺оҲòҶƽǰ˿ûΪʡίɲְ
Ҷƽһ棬Ȼϻһٷ纣ͼ˽еһΰһ˲ͣΰҲǺܼʡίһʹСɫǵȴҶƽΪϱоǲһ
ʡίϵ֮Ҷƽ㿪ʼ飬ڿչ֮ǰһ飬ǱߣȻûжپʡĹˣЩȫŸҶƽҶƽͿԴһˡ
ҶƽҪչʱĽӾϽУĽҶƽҶƽְĲҵͷչ˲ҵϽˡ
ƽǹˣԺزҵǷˡĽԼҶƽԷЦŶҶƽ
û뵽Ľһ˵⻰ҶƽЦԽλãԽܰ㷿ز㲻֪ʡǵôӣкö˶ڶ飬ڽǾͰˡ
Ľô£ΪѣԸ
Ҷƽ̾һʵԼǵɣ¢ʡǵķزггְĻܶԵסԼְ𣿡
Ҷƽ˵Ľ֪һʲôˣҶƽΪ϶ܵܶ˵ĹעӦǵҪ󣬱ȻҪˣһˣѿչҪǽʡǵķزгһҪҶƽȨ϶ҲΪעĿĽ㡣
ƽ㵱ͲõһעĿĲţöìܶἯеԣ϶ģӱܣȻǸɲɼۣͬǲˡĽпضҶƽ
Ҷƽ˵̫ˣھһҰؿزֻҪһ״žͻɣ͸ɲȥˡ
Ҷƽһ˵ĽǸеڵѴһ˵ƽҪҪҰæ
Ҷƽ˿ͻȻתһ룬ĽΪ̳ˣ뽯˽Ӵ᲻㵽ʲôɿϢӶŪ彯ؾӪгϵ
һ룬ҶƽĽôһ˵һһ취ڵ㷿ز뷨ӴʡǼţˣǽһӣ˽һǵڵĹǺãԸⲻԸ⣿
Ľһʵʡʲôţˣʲô
ҶƽͰѽǼ˵˵һ飬Ľһüͷ˵ԭôһҪһǣһǵĵʵʲô㲻֮뷨Ըǡ
ĽӦҪҶƽһ룬ҪκȫʡгҪ⼸ţ˸ѹȥУ˾ͻ˵ִ߾вȥˡ
ӦҶƽҪ֮ĽԾһҷز̵нѰҾϵĺ飬֮ǰ˾вҵûţҿһҷز˾ȻŻ뽯ϵϡ
Ҷƽ纣Ľ纣൱ԭĵλкܶύ纣ǽˣһЩύϺܽҲͼԭ纣֮йڣԺѸ㶨¡
Ľɢ纣֮йϵĻ˵˻ϵ
ȶһ⣬Ҷƽר纣̸˻纣һҶƽ⣬ʹӦҪϺĽж
ʱҶƽĵ鿪ʼطм鶽죬ʡũѹ˾ǵһվʡũѹ˾ԭкܶأЩ½ȥˣм˴Զ˺ü֣ʡóί򵥡
纣ӽפʡũѹ˾Ŀ˽תõ֪ʡ£ʡũѹ˾ͷǲԸ⣬ʡǴʡίģֲҲӣֻðٰӴ纣ˣǰץ뿪
Խʡ뿪纣ȴʱܳҪض࣬ҲӣҪʱ䳤ʵﲻҶƽĿꡣ
û뵽ʡίǸΰǳְڵʱȡżίֶܿǾͷһܿɵһʼǧؿڽʡũѹ˾˻Ϻڶͱת뵽һ˽ӪĹ˾ʽ;עΪӪҵ֧ΰ֣ʡũѹ˾λôһ֧Ҫؿ֧
ΰļȻʡũѹ˾⼸꾭Ӫƣǿ̶ʲӣĿҲ߰㣬˵ְΪΰ˰죬ͻȻоʡί쵼㱨ֱʡίĹˣֻܵص飬һϵְûȨˣڽŹ£ܵʡũѹ˾ĸⲻǺܺ


811 Ҫ쵼ǩ
ΰ⣬ھһ֮ûʡί㱨ܵȥһҶƽҶƽǹֻʡίһͨԱȴҶƽ㱨ҲһĵʶҲһԣ֪ԹΪҶƽԴ˷ǳӣ˼Ҷƽ䲻ǵ߹٣ҪӽҶƽҶƽùϵ
ȻΰһҶƽҶƽû뵽һվͲһ⣬ΪίˣҲãֻҪί鴦⣬ԺĹҲͺøˣȻ˾ΰʡί쵼棬鴦顣
Ҷƽ֮ͨΰʡί쵼飬ţղŲ£ΪȥֻӦһ²£ôˣֳʲôòģ˵ͻǣ˭ʡίȻȨ鴦飬ҲʲôӶ죬ʲôӶ죬æù
ţղһڶһ²һµһǾΰһͨĹԱŹ˾ȻЩˣΰ˵ôԣǰ϶˾ٱȻûб鴦Ǿͺ˵ģ˵ģֺαض£
ţղžǲ£һţղŲ£ΰʧţղŲϸչ涨£зݸܷ֮ӣ֪޷ֻ쵼ģԱϢģø͸ȥˡ
ûգҶƽͻȻ绰ôˣǲʡί쵼ĸ߶ˣû뵽Ҷƽܹ£ΰ̸ʡί쵼пǣûжš
Ҷƽһ֪ʡίû飬ΰĵλ̫ˣʡί˵϶ãҪʡί飬С
Ҷƽһ룬ΰһ鱨棬صȻ󽻸һҶƽְţΰǸе⣬Լ쵼ӣû뵽쵼ǺӣȻҪ顣
ΰһĴȥ֮רһݱ棬鵽дȻԼ൱Ҷƽ飬ֻѱݺ˾С
ݺ֮ͽҶƽУҶƽ˿оΰҲһ˲ţ濴һ飬Ȼһ룬ô顣
Ȼʡί쵼飬͵뷨ʡί쵼ӣҪʡί쵼ӣɸ쵼ǩֲС
Ҷƽһ룬ݱȥβɣ漰ܣûоʡ칫תֱűȥβɡ
βԺҶƽͰʡũѹ˾һ£ȻͰѵ鱨潻βɵУβɿһоҲǺأһЩʲڲ֮оʧˣٲӣƱػԽԽء
һ룬βɾǩ֣ʾҪദʡֹʡίڱ̬֮дһ䣬뾢ʾ
βɾʡ칫˷ݱתʡί칫žʾžʡίǣʾʡίֱӽв鴦ֱʾˣʡί߶ӣǲ֯ž֪һҲȽϺãʡί
žͻȻӵݵ鱨Ҳ濴һ飬βǩ֣ʱҲǳ˼ǹβɴı棬βɱԼ̬ȣڽҲĴڣ鿴ȥҲЩĿģʲʧʡίʡͬΣ϶Ҫдˡ
ǳ֮žһӣ㽫ǩʡίȪȪдȪһӵݱһݱȻʡίʡ˶ǩˣ˵ǷǳҪλʡίʡҪ쵼һˣΪʡίǣûеڶѡ񣬱ز鴦
̰ţղŽ˹Ȫ㰲鴦飬ţղŲ֪ʲô£ȵһݲ֪ΰ£û뵽תһȦȻʡίǺʡ˵ǩ֣ʱЩţȪ֪ӵΰı֮󣬲ûӣȪ϶
һרפʡũѼţе⣬Ȼϱʡίʡ˼ҹֵ⣬ǰЩӲ˵ʡʲôؼȥôûз⣿úðӸˣҪ쵼Ȫţղ˷Ը
ţղžǼæӦţȪֻʣû˼ؼҪӸá
ţղڽ֮̾Ͱΰ˹ô£ΰȻ֪Ҷƽ㱨Ľȴ˵ͱʾԼҲǲ֪ʡίʡҪ쵼ҪʲôʾҲ֪
˰죬ţղŸоΰбʡίǺʡǩ֣´ǹֺ㱨ģȻӣҲȥΰˣΰΪϤڻҪΰӡ
ţղ̸ȪҪר飬ʡũѹ˾ոӦʡĵ飬ʡίרǽפˣʡίרפʡĽפʲһˣ˵ʡίʡũѹ˾ˣҪˡ
һʱ֮ʡũѹ˾Ļ̻̣˭£ʡίרפû죬Ͱʡũѹ˾һλܸˡ
һߣͽҿ˸ӣҶƽ벻ǣ󽻴½⹴̹ʲʵڵʱ½ỹûʲôʵҲûжǮͨʡũѹ˾һӷ˼ңʱΪ½ǣߵ˾ȻԻ飡
Իʱζίǣ˾ĸܵĹϵϺã½ʡǸ㷿زû·Իйϵߺţʡũѹ˾һأ־ԼȽ鷳תˣ׬ȡۣһ˵һͰ
Իνʡʡ֮÷ֹܹ˵ˮˣϽлã뽯˸һ𣬶ûһͰڴŻڼ㽨Сͷ
ʡίһ֪ǷֹԻһʡмǣߣӦʲôΣǲκΣ˵ûᵽԻȨǮ׵Ϊʡũѹ˾֮Խ½ᣬԻӣ½˻ߣ½᲻лߵĻҲô˳һĻ϶ԻдڵΥΣ
ûΣʡίʵϱʡίʡҪ쵼֪ʡίҪ쵼ʡҪ쵼δǾǵˡ


812 һ
ʡίרǵ鵽ôһ֮ͱȪȪ˿Ĺ棬һ£Իɾȥ˽ž㱨һ¾ˣ򵥵һǣߴȥ϶ԻΰȨǮײԭ
Ȫһӿ˱ʣȺͽǶȾİ참ԱͬȻвֳԻ˽ðѾž㱨ˣžҪԻи̸ٽи̸ˡ
Ҷƽ֪ΰڵʱҵ򵥵˵飬ΰĻ㱨Ҷƽһ£оһԻҪܵӰˣȻûеʲôְΪ½ΪҲǻ˶۷׷ס
½ʡί˴˰참㣬½û뵽ʱꪳɳΪʡĹ֮һȻʵЩǱԻ飬ҲǱȽϵķ⣬οǮɫ˵ȶнڴͻȻʡίѶһܶ顣
һί참㣬½ᱣֳĬѡ˲ϵ̬ȣȻѾйʲôˡ
̬ȣʡί˲æףҲûжԿףǰˣֻû˵ԻãñԻ飬ܰԻǣ
ʱԻҲ֪飬½ͻȻܵ飬ȽϽţ²ʡί⣬Ϊ˽ⰸͼ½ʡίİ참Ūʡίһ飬Ȫ棬ԻϾǸʡʲôСƱӰ쵽½̬ȣӰ쵽ӵĽչ
Ȫһӵı棬һ£һ绰žžӵȪԺžһͰԻ˹Ի֮󣬺ܺؾй½֪鲻֪飬ʲô̬ȡ
Իû뵽ž̸飬Ȼ϶Դ֪£ʾȫ½᱾˵飬ûκεĹϵ
֮䣬žȻҲȥ֤ĿľֹӰ참ӵĽչһʩѹԻȻʻ˼֪ô
ǸʡɲҪʡͷûȨģžں̸ҲֻѯʣûʲôʵԵݣžİ칫ҳԺ󣬱úõؿһо½Ѿ˵ʲôҪСˣȥ½¡
žһ̸Իֹͣ˶ʡί㽫ƽ˾ƽʡԺʡũѹ˾ܺ½ֱ̰͹˴ûал½ᣬ̰ȻҪлҪأΪܿܳ½Ȼ⵽֮֡
½һ£򡢳̴󽭺ͺҲͼӪȹϾ֮źܽܵϵ½£ǵȻҪ취һ½ᣬǺܿ췢ִ˰ܵʡί쵼ĸ߶ӣԻ鶼ֹͣ˶޷ҳԲ߰½ᣬ˷˵ĻһλҪ쵼Ĺע
Ҳֹͣ˶ֻܸ̾½˲ãȴΪ½֮Գ£ĶĪĹϵ֮ܵʡίʡҪ쵼ĹעҲΪʡʡίʡı棬ⶼʡµĽ
һ뵽˵ȻϾͻ뵽ҶƽҶƽƺҪƵģǲ˳ۣ˵Ҷƽ֮ҲûеƺΪˣȫҶƽǵԵʣǰЩҪԸҶƽԥҲûʲô½ỹȥˣô죿
˼һ£Ҫ뽫Ҷƽ򵹣ҪץסҶƽİѱϾ˼ҶƽǹʡܸɲͬʱڹҲģһ뵽ͻȻ뵽ǰύĺ¬˹¬˹¬ֶӣʡǻҲǷˮ𣬿жֳ˵ڿ¬ȥ˹׼ҲزСܲܰһæ
һ뷨ǻ뷨ץҶƽİѱΪҶƽһ£֪ҶƽһϽβɵʶҪ㵹Ҷƽûһʵİѱ϶ǲܵġ
Щģһ˼ƣҶƽΪ϶Ů˷治ùأǮԲҪŮҲ᲻ҪȴⷽһҶƽһû
ҶƽڹϵǣǾ˽µһҶƽ飬רƸ˽̽˽̽һ˵Ҫһλɲ;ܾ˽Ҫ󣬵ǽļ̫ߣֻҪҶƽʲôѱ͸һһջ̫ˣ˽̽϶ǾܲסջȻʼ˶Ҷƽȫĸٺ͵顣
ϸһ֮˽̽һ񣬳˷ҶƽȥηԷߴСٻ⣬ûзʲôŮ˵ƽʱҹҲܼ򵥣ûָܹԱֽԵ
һ˽̽оҪôҶƽ̫ԼɶҲ鲻ҪôҶƽһһΪĺù٣鲻ʲôӽǺߵĿԺܴΪ˿϶ʲôˣǺ˲ôǮ£ڲ鲻صһҲǵòô죿
˽̽ҲǷ˳ͷȥͽ˵һ˵£ѶȺܴûв鵽ʲôһ£ҲǶ٣ܲܶһЩǮһû鵽ʲôǺܲˣڿҪǮϲˣһ٣ˡ
һԸ֧֮ǰԼı꣬˽̽ǺܲˣȻûв鵽ʲôǰԼҲӦ֧һķõģڽԶţ͸о̫쵰塣
ǽʲôˣһЩ˽⣬ﲻǿҪһ绰ֵ֣˿϶ùɣϾ˽ַֹ̽˵Ȩ˵ܲ
Ȼ뽯Կ˽̽ºȴҶƽһʱ䣬ٷʲô˵򻹻ԼǮȻһһףٵԱһùԱ˼Ҹûʲô⣬ǽץ˼ҵСӣһ֮ǰĲһ
˽̽뷨Ժ󣬾ȻҶƽȥһţ棬Ҷƽ˵˶ڰеСϣע⣬˵ĿĵȻҶƽһ£ĺùܵ˵ƣֲ˵̫ϸԼҲýˡ
ͻȻӵһţҶƽеЩĪ֪˭дģԼдĿʲôо·ǳΣв


813 С
ӵ֮Ҷƽϸ˼֪дŵ˭϶֪ĳЩˣעһ£˰㡣
һ뵽ǰҶƽ͸оǲǽҪжĻȷʵҪСģ½Ϊʡũѹ˾ܵʡίʡԺĴˣΪ½һˣ˿϶뷨Ըġ
һ룬Ҷƽһסһǰѹĵڶվʡóίһ齯顣
ʱ򿴵˽̽ûв鵽Ҷƽʲô£β߻ҶƽϵȻأ
ĽĽʱһЧΪԾǵķز̣ߺѸ纣һƬʡǵķزǸе棬Ҳ˳̴󽭵˵ע⣬ĿǰڰעڸҶƽϣһʱĽȤ̴󽭺ͺȴĽͼĽһЩ顣
ʡóίרŵ˽ոǿأ֮ǰʡũѹ˾飬ʡóί˶ǳţһԵԱмӣһСĽõ鷢κ⣬ĿҲǱʡũѹ˾ƶˣȫ鲻κ⡣
ȻҶƽĿȴûܲһЩ˿ǱǮʡ鲻ʲôʡóί϶ҪǱǮǸʱ򣬿¾ûʲôɲ˼ҰǮûˡ
εĺʡóίҲ˳ֵ׼ֹĵ²鲻ʲôˣǻѵԶһ£һ룬Ҷƽأȥ顣
ҶƽһӰʡ̨ļɷ׼ŽĿбϵ˰칫СٻСٻֱҶƽҶƽһͱʾͬˣͨʡ̨ıӰĻһƶԸĲɷá
˼죬ʡ̨ļˣܹߣһʦһǴӵ쵼һרûͲɷŮߡ
ҶƽԼİ칫ȽӼǣ֣Ц˵˵֪Ȼ⣬ȡǵĲɷ٣ýܲɷõ׼
쵼ʡ̨һΣ֮ǰûмҶƽڼȻǶҶƽѺãϾ˼ҶƽǹȻ˵ӦҶƽǣ˿ô󣬶ǸҶƽҪɷ٣Ҷƽľ
ҶƽѺ̬ҲǺܸˣʡ̨ļǺܰģΪ֮ܹܵǣʵˡ
쵼УŮǿȥЩģ˳÷ǳС磬˵۾ôģһ˾ˮӣҶƽһ͸оŮһڹ˵Ůˡ
ʡ̨Ůƽʱܶ쵼򽻵ǳ裬ҷԴƽʱᴫһЩԷҶƽҲһЩڿ鴫Ůߣ쵼һӾͻᱻˡ
ʱŮߵ˼ȴŲ׽ҶƽΪǹȨʹĽǶȣŮҲᱻοҶƽϻŲٵĹ⻷
ȻеŮߵ֮ҶƽûбֳκεȤ֮ŮزɷֻձƵذ׼õĲϸڲɷõļ϶ûŮ߽ӽ뷨
ŮʮֵʧΪƾԼȻ򶯲һλտʼûҶƽӽ뷨ǿҶƽ̬֮뷨ǲˡ
оŮߵ˼֮Ҷƽıƽ˸оѺãֻ쵼̸ʱ¶Цݡ
ŮΪҶƽǲʲô£ֱ֣뵽ΪҶƽЩڳ⸱ġ
ɷýҶƽһУȻҪȥõľƵдʡ̨ļߣ纣ȼҲһйͣСٻΪ칫εȻҲǲμˡ
ڳԷʱ򣬾λ쵼ĽܣҶƽ֪Ů߽С񣬾֮СǺȥľƣҶƽòȻܲȾƣһȥС죬һһҶĽˡ
СٻΪһŮˣȻŮ˵УоСܻ£쵼ͨ칫νǿҶƽһֹƣúܳʱ䣬Ҷƽ¾ͻĵ
СٻҶƽദ֮УҲǸܵҶƽƷʣԭվֵּŮ˾߲ӣɱǿŮߣҶƽܾܲסջͺ˵
СͼӽҶƽҪһγԷĻҶƽߵýһЩУԾһҪҶƽȺãҶƽס
Ȼ˵СһЩΪЩеʣҶƽҲ已̥һƯŮͬ־סؽҲܱסԭ̬ȣƵ֮оСһнȡĵŮˣнȡĵŮˣҶƽͻһЩøУΪģֻΪһŮ˵ĽȡģҲ˸е
еҶƽ̬Щ仯СȻĴ׷Ů˸ɽŮ׷ˣһֽȻҶƽ¹ϵȴһġ
˷Сȥ裬һ飬˾ǸţҶƽʱҲٷԣϾ鷳˼Ҵߵ£˼ҳԶٷȻٳһ費ְɡ
ֻôӦСҪ󣬵ҶƽԼ¾ͲȥˣȥȻȥˡ
һҶƽҪȥС̾ͲͬصǺһҶĸҶҪǲȥǾͲȥˡ
С˵ʱЩӣһǲ˵ʲôˣ˭ҲȥȰ˵Ҷƽһȥ裬ֻҶƽԼС
һС˵ҶƽҲǸеЩΪѣȥǳˣɣķ־ǲԲȻû˻˵ʲô˽£̨ļ߿϶ⲻСˡ
һ룬ҶƽһСٻҲ֪ΪʲôҪСٻֻСٻܿɣϾСŮˣСٻһҶƽһۣһӵͷһ£ҲóȰ˵ҲҶƽ˼ڣæأڴӦС֮ǰһֽͣ
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תСٻϣСٻæ˵Ҷ˵ûʡ쵼ŵһ黹û꣬Ҳ㶼¸ˡ


814 칫
СٻһϣҶƽЦһ£ȻС˵һKTVȥ裬Сȥǳ˷ܵӣǰ棬ۺҶƽ˵ЦƽʱΪһŮɫ쵼Ҷƽǰȫûκεľ֮С
KTV֮Сǰ棬һ䣬Ҷƽڵ쵼֮ϲֵطˣʱ趼ǸȨȥ˽˵Сصĺܣȴ˶KTVǸоЩӦʱֲȥ˽˵СֻͨKTV֮󣬾һԣﳪ
СٻϾǰ칫Σʱ̷ҶƽҶƽﲢû˼ֻǳòͬŵû뵽ҶƽֻûйȥֻҲС߳
Сһ꣬ЦҶƽֵҶôǶһ׸衣
СǺܻ£ֱҪҶƽ裬һҪǲǾû˼ˣûбҪΪ˻ԾգҲΪ˾뿪ҶƽֻվȻߵ룬ӹСݹĻͲ
Ҷϲʲô裿СҶƽʵ
Ҷƽ˵㣬СͻȻ˵ҶҺϳһװɣ
ûҶƽشĻСܹȥԼһ׸裬ҶƽΪһʲôµĸСֳģȵһã֪Ȼһ֪İ˵ϸ衣
֮СܹҶƽһϳ׸ЩС񳪣СոҪҶƽͻȻתͷ纣˵߳裬ҽӸ绰
ҶƽͻȻת뿪KTVСЩֲ纣һҶƽķԸ˹ЦͬС񳪸衣
纣ϾȽϴˣֲһ֣СȻϲһ𳪸裬Ҳ˵Ը纣ֻ纣һ׸衣
ȵճ꣬Ҷƽ˽ͻȻ˵˼ҽӵ绰е£Ǽλüλͬ־ˡ
Ҷƽһ˵纣æӦСҶƽ裬ͲˣϾҶƽ˵ˣܲǿҶƽɡ
ҶƽǰŸߣСٻž͸˳ȥǰ칫Σ÷Ҷƽ췽ûи൱Ҷƽ飬չ˺Ҷƽ
߳KTVĴţҶƽͷͿСٻͷ˵Σô泪裿
Сٻ׷˵룬ϲֵط˵ҶҪʲô»Ҫңôܻ泪
ҶƽЦһµˣҲûʲôҪԸˣֻ뼰ʱؼңһڶѣؼҰɡ
Ҷƽ˵СٻЦǲǸղǸŮ߸ģǲ裬Ҳֵطˡ
ҶƽЦҲȫǣϾ˼ɷǣڰǹһǱҪģ㲻Ҫ롣
СٻǺǵЦҶŮˣ˵˼еʱʵһìܵǼСŮˣǸ˶ĶģͬһˣҲҽڳԭ򡣡
Լİ칫δŮ˺˵ĽǶ⣬ƽʱҶƽΪһԼԼ͸Ǵʱֻ߳KTVһͬϽеĽͷϣ֮ƺû¼֮Ĺϵ·ֻһڽͷ̸ˣȥСٻǾЩˡ
ΣķǶԵģǲʺңĶˡҶƽرһ䡣
СٻЦǺǵ˵һҶҵ࣬Щҿܲʺ˵Ǿԣǧ
Сٻܴؽ飬Ҷƽһ۵칫öˣǳҰôĴ칫ҲǴһʱˣǵתʱˡ
һҶƽᵽ£СٻһӸе˷ϴҶƽԱʱΪ칫Σʽİ칫ΣȻ칫κʽİ칫εĹһģһȴ˸еŤ˴ʱпܱȥְ뾡콫ȥΪİ칫Ρ
ҪȥõõҶƽ֧֣Ҷƽᵽ£Ǿ˵׼ˡ
ҶƽһۣСٻͻȻ˷ܵذִҶƽļϣȻм˵ҶллˣһŬԼĹġ
ʱֵļСٻһţеıװɫţп㣬ɫеţ£ֻ׵ֱ¶棬õķͷϣŰ칫εĸͬʱŮԵ飬һʱ֮䵹Ҷƽסˡ
ȻСٻûСֵķģȴһ˹ĵ֮У˼ϸ壬ıֲʧŮһԸ仳Ůˡ
ҲֻСٻһʶȵʱ㼱æҶƽļϰҶƽϾǸǣôַҶƽļϣЩ·ˡ
СٻҶƽתͷЦһµ㵱칫ΣλԸ⣿
СٻΪ칫ΣæһӦ꣬Ϊˣ϶еʣϾ˭ҲԼŮĴͷ¶棬ϣؼңԼСٻļͥȻǲܵġ
СٻҶƽ˵ЦҶ㿪ʼҵļͥ˰Ҳ֪ļͥ˲Ͻɣ
ƽѩȻϽ֮ǰĶȥƽѩǸǺҶ᯲ͬ⣬ҪС飬ԼĶھӦǵĻ˵ط϶ҪӦصķ飬ûоǵˡ
ҶƽݸһЦ˵ûҼϽһһҲкܶôǿڣȫõȥһȫȥûչ˼ͥˡ
СٻɵؿҶƽһۣ˵Ҷ˵ģôأһΪϽˣϽôʲôԹҼλҲǺ֧ҵĹտţҲһᣬ˵һϢʱ򣬶ǲˣóʱûͷ˼˰ɣ
СٻԼú壬ԼһûؾǼƽѩˣһ뵽ǰͻȻ͸ֳСĵ飬һ°ĶʵСٻ̸ҲеЩ̫׽ˣԼһҪЩأ
Σʱ䲻ˣȥɣȻҪ绰ˡҶƽͻȻһСٻ˵


815 Ϸӳ
СٻҶƽһۣӰóֻҶƽ˾һ绰˵СϹҶһɡ
СٻǸ˵ģҶƽҲһߣӦһСٻǰȥһͨˡ
СٻʱЩִ֪磬̫Ҷƽ˾ʱһӣʲôԷҶƽȻҪһ㣬Ҳһľ룬ż̸仰ҲйĹġ
˲ᣬ˾׼ʱ绰СٻСٻͨ绰ȻҶƽͺ·ߵţ˾Ҷƽ˳СٻϳȻԼʹˡ
СҶƽ֮ﵱȻȽʧ䣬ΪûҶƽһ𳪸裬ΪеԼûסҶƽеһִۣһŮ˶˵ĴۣҶƽݵûежѹϾʡ쵼ʲôҲӴ
KTV泪һĸ裬С߳˰ᣬһᣬײһˣģҪƿڴһһλƯŮǱһֱһ仨ЦſСС椣˭ģô糪ȥ
һԷϷԼӣСһŭ˵ù
Сһ˵ԷŭץסСֱ˵˵˭Ǻù
СŶԷû˵Ǻù˵Ǻù
ңԷץС񲻷ţҿʼСԱߵһȥ
һСæȣ纣һ£һֹס֡
ڵĵƹЩ谵Էһ˺纣ȥ纣ҲȥһԷЦ˵Ҳﰡ
ԷȻǽ򣬽Ҳһﳪˣ֣ƺȶˣСײˣһײҿ纣
纣һǽҲǺ⣬߹ȥС˹ȻԽ˵ô£ܣȶˣ
Цһµû£ᣬᣬǵˣ˼˰
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Сֻص˰䣬оܱû뵽һå纣ʶ
纣Сһص˰䣬ҲȥοССڰ˰Ҳûкͱ˵£һҾһɢˣ纣˽С˻ȥ
ڶ죬纣Ͱڸ˵˳ҶƽһСȻ뽯е⣬ôôɣ֪Լȥ˸ȻСһ𳪸裬˵ʲô⡣
һ뵽СܵԼ䣬ܵϷ飬ҶƽоЩⲻȥ纣Ժ󣬸Сһ绰ʾοʡ
Сû뵽Ҷƽ绰һҶƽĵ绰Сʱ̽˵绰Ҷƽǰοһ£Сæʾл
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һҶƽƵǽǣҶƽԼЩСĹˣΪ˵ԭ򣬵ʲôСѱǸץסڽϽ࣬Ҳȫ˶֮⣬ĽǼʹ֪Ҳûʲôá
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طϽһ룬Ҷƽĳ֮󣬾ǸеЩڣһŮĩʱһһԷҪñ˿ʹûҲᴫˡ
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ҶƽЦǺðҲҵøãǼ߿ĽǶȺͨ˲һ
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СűǲǲɷǲǻڲΣ
СһۣҶƽ˼һ£˵ڲξ͸ˣһȲУ֮ǰĲɷöǱ£쵼ǲעġ
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Ҷƽֻʡ쵼ӳҪ뷴ӳĳЩ⣬Ǽߣܲһ㣿
СʶҶƽ滹ǴģǼ򵥵ͬԷһ˵ҶܲҺúһٴӦ
ҶƽԣҲԼĹ׼еĻҲν
⻰ЩС˼Сһ˵Ҿ£֧֣дƪʲôµġ
Ҷƽ淴ӳһϽгȻβ֪ҪŽǰгĸҲβɷӳˣΪһӳǳ⣬˱ŸӵĹϵβδ
Աͨһʽ淴ӳʲô޴ЧٿĳϾڲʽı쵼ǩ֣Ӷӣ˶֣ùĹ˳С
½Ϊ̫Զܵʡίĵ飬ʡóίϣȴ޷˳鲻ڶԷˣѾʡóί˿ʼʡҪǮˣһο϶ûɾܾ֧ʡóίǮˣҲ͵óˡ
֮£ҶƽеѹأԷĺĻ̫أΪȨ̫СûɱȨֻ뷨淴ӳһ£ȡĽ


816 Ϸ
СӦҶƽҪȻҶƽһһũҷԷҶƽ֮оСһܻˣûʱ˼Щˡ
ȻС裬֪жٽҶƽȴǽСڱϲַԵˣֻڽʵҪõҰģ˿ȥоһԵŮˡ
СһҶƽĻ࣬СĻȴǱȽ϶࣬ʡһЩӵĹϵΪһϲʵļߣʡǵǷǳ˽⣬ҶƽһеʶС˵Ҳһ£ԸһЩйʡָӵĹϵĹаġ
Ҷƽһ룬Ƚ£ϽίҪ쵼ڶȤʵνӱضˣôڣҲҪˣȽλϣԻĸʡ֮λ˵ʵȨһЩʡǷֹܣԼĶĶֵͷžԵﻰȨģȫԲʣҪ¹صͳ̴ˣȶ˽һ˽ſԡ
һ˵£С΢΢һЦ˿ʡһǲʡίǺʡǵʵȨžˣôҶʲôҪǣ
ҶƽЦûʲôֻʣǹҲûʲôҪֵ֧ģ
СݸһЦʵ֮˵ҲȽǳǿƣҲǷǳ˶Ҳǲɿ˸еЦ
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СǺһЦٳϵǷǳȤϿҶͺ˽²֪ᶷôȽƽʱһǶ˵˵ЦЦģ˭뵽ǻᶷ
Сһ˵ҶƽҲЩ棬һͣһϯʲôìȴ˵˶÷ǳ˽µֺгϵҲŲãеʱΪ˹ͬűֵǰѺá
ֹ֪ϵҶƽͷһЩ뷨Ƚĵλ˵ҪߣȻȽδܶùȽβ֮ìһЩ飿
С˰죬ҶƽҲһЩջ񣬶СҶƽĿҲչʾһͬʱҲҶƽĽУչ˵ҲȫŮϵֽ
һ磬ҶƽСһȥˣȥ֮˾ͽĽϵǲСˡ
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Ҷƽȴ޷ʡóίʩʲôѹڿǰ֮󣬱뵽ܻǽ£ڰв顣
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һĽͻȻϢҶƽǳԾĽ̴󽭺ͺ˽ôͻȻ֮鵽˽
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뵽̰ҶƽСٻ֮Ĺϵж׫ȻһϷϷĿĵȻҪĹעҶƽ
ͬʱһ񶾵뷨ҵСٻɷֻȻСٻɷ򷢶ţ˵СٻҶƽ֮飬һͻˡ
ȷϣһʼû˹ע㻨ǮȻۣĲ£ҶƽСٻ֮νŮϵ㿪ʼϴҶƽСٻ֮ûֹϵ˭Ҳ뵽ȥϿ
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ҷ񾭲칫ôϵģСٻɷǷŭص
һɷСٻҲǻˣ˵˵ʲôôϵİ칫Σ㲻֪𣿡
Сٻɷصԭ㣬Ҳˣû뵽ˣ
СٻеɷͻȻһƵģˣ๤صһҪܵǶʱ˳˵ô£Ҹյңôң
ԼϿСٻɷص
֪ʲôйص£Сٻʵʲô
ʲôһ֪𣿱˵Ե޹ʵ㣡СٻɷͰѵƵСٻǰ


817 ޳
СٻɷְѵƵСٻǰ֮ǰҲûпⷽݣһİĶŸ˵˴ñӣԼ֪ſ
һŷֲˣԼžȻ˾ֹ֮ϵСٻ춼ң˵æڿԶô£
Сٻæϵݺúõؿһˣһ˵ⶼǺ˵˵ϵĶҲţ
СٻɷСٻһۣص޷粻ˣϵĶ϶ǵλ֪дģ⻹м٣˵յһţ⻹м٣
ʲôţСٻæɷѶø
СٻɷֻøСٻһǱӶˣϵݼֱԼɷ֮Ĺϵ
˭ģСٻǷǳʵ
Сٻɷһߺ޵ص֪˭ģҾ֪㵽û£У飡
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һְСٻܾҵôְܴҶΪ϶ߵλϣڰһǵңҲ칫Σһߣһǹһͨĸɲֻܽ㲻𣿡
СٻͻȻ˵ĻһȻô˵ǲԸְˣ
СٻҲԸ⣬ǲְܴڵλﻹһͨοԱҺò׵λãһְ϶ʲôûˣǼҪһڹٳܻõ˰ɣҲ˵㲻УǿǵǽһЩ֧ҵĹһܸмģ
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818 洦
Ϊ¾ʱҶƽĵ绰ˣСٻһæȥӣɷ骲֪˭ˣȵСٻС˵ӣ֪ˡ
ҶƽͨСٻĵ绰֮ɷûᣬᣬԸһ£һ˵Сٻæ˵ãԽҶƽ͡
һҶƽ̬ͨȣǸоСٻҶƽ֮ϵǰµҵҳϣ
Ҷƽڵ绰骴µʶ϶ˣСٻ¹˵ʹ˰ݵģɷʲôᣬҪ͵ģһ͡
СٻæʾҪģᴦôµģҶƽһ룬ʹɷˣʱҲǽ͵ȵɷ侲ٽҲ١
Ҷϵ绰Сٻǳɷ㳳ʲôҶӴ£Ҫ취ȵ׵ʱв
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Ŵʱڹ⣬绰ûдͨҶƽЩƣ޷ϵϵĻڸô鴦ࣿ
Ҷƽһ飬һϾǣСٻ£ӦҥԽдָСٻ˵
ĻСٻȥȥĻĿ̫󣬷ѿĻӦ֯˵֯顣
ͨİ취֮ҶƽСٻ˹Сٻʱϰ࣬ȻûϢãһ绹˹ϰ࣬ӵҶƽĵ绰֮Ҷƽİ칫ҡ
ʱڲѾʼ۷׷ףȻҲ֪Ϸ£Ů֮£һֺ£˵УûУ˶б۵ģοϷˡ
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Ҷƽ͸ȥűù飬Ͼķַ˵ȨάԼ
һҶƽָʾСٻһ˵Żǲô죿
ҶƽһҪʡ쵼棬ǲ᲻ܵģ㾡ȥˡ
֪ҶƽаţСٻȥֱϽйֱȻ˵ǹİ칫ΣڹҲвĸɲǵ˹ȴǲʶˣҲеЩΪ飬ɷ̬ȣҶƽͺˡ
Ļʵ㣬֪¹صҶƽ˵ԼνˣԱðҶƽŵˡ
ʱϽйֳľȻ֮ǰӲ칤Ҷƽй϶ķգ֮ǰʡܽλʡһְģǺʡί֯ͻȻΪϽй־ֳ丱һְûбȥ
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ʡԺ֮Ҷƽ˳ֱβɵİ칫ȥβɶҶƽԴһĸɲûȵԤԼǺѼģҶƽ⣬ԸֻҪҶƽҪһȰż
βҪβɵҶƽʱǹҶƽҪβɣβɵ̰βɵİ칫ȥ
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βҶƽı棬ȻĿʵƽΪڱݣ
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Ǳģβһ䡣
ҶƽȻǱϽоǱߣСٻͬ־ΪԼɷ򶼳ˣɷյ˶ţһڲ߻顣
һжʲôģβҲȷºΣƱڸܸҶҶƽ˸ˣһһСɫ
һ룬β绰ʡѩսԼİ칫һ£ѩսӵ绰Ժβɵİ칫ңҶƽһֱ֮βɾͰˣԸϽйȫԸһ飬һûĿģȻԺѧˣǻ
ѩսһ飬̵˵ͷʾȥԺͰŴ£ҲҪˮʯ˼Ҷһףһ˵ҶƽԱֻЦűʾлˣȻѩս˵⻰ʱ򣬿ΪԼ׵ġ


819 ı
Ե̫ձ飬ѩսȻΪҶƽЩСν޷粻ˣѵҶƽİ칫ûзʲô
ʵ뷨ģֻ֪ǽûץסҶƽѱô뵽ҶƽҽĹʹҲܺýͣ˵;˵һʱûŪͷˣĵġ
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ӿ˹Աһۣ֪´ˣð齻϶Ǵȥˣʵ˵һ˴绰ҷģ˭Ҳ
ԱĻоҲû˵ѣֻ鵽϶ǲеģؼҵ뷢ˣνˮȻ˲֪˭ģֻҪصĻƾ֤һ¶Է˿Ӧһ̫ѵ顣
ȻԱһϸĵ飬ҵ˸ӻˣѻ˽й֮˭ָʹʱȴʲôҲ˵ˡ
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Сʡϵô𣿡Щĵ˵
յһ˵Ǿĸ쵼Ůأпȥ˽һ£Ҷƽ˺˸еأϢǰʡǱһũСӣǴ;ķչ켣дں֣˽
ͻȻеͷЩðԭûЩΪԼѾţˣһţƵˣĻǵﲻǰЩ̫ˡ
СǾĸ쵼ŮûˣСƺҪԣ뷨СӲٴڹλˡ룬ЩƵص
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˷յĻ룬о˵ҲеȻˣβıԣ뷨ڵҶƽֻҪҶƽԺͺðˡ
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뷿ո˱ڽ֮󣬷̰Ѱ참ԱйһȻͷԸҿĻ˾ˣµˣΰʮա
һ˵참Ա໥һۣоб䣬ղŻ˵Ҫȫµ飬ھͲòˣ˵ˣͲҵģֳ˵ôôɡ


820 µĹ
ѩսһ棬˵ҶƽˣһԱ᲻ż˵İ칫Ůģеģ˱׫ɫŵ뷨ֻϵĶҲģ޷ѣѾΰˡ
˷յĻ㱨ѩսоһЩ˵ͨ뷨ȴһɫţ磬һСٻļͥҶƽܺģڼȻҵ˷ˣҲҵָʹˣ鲻
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ڹ˵ǵˣԼҲûãò֤֤˼ҵм٣Ϊ档
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άͰҶƽҶƽˣ֪ϽйֲûнʵʲôƭβɺԼ
кܷŭ飬ǣѩս֪ǲ˽ԼҲβɲĴ£ϵѾɾˣҲд˱֤͵Ǹȥµ£öץסѱ˽ùά飬⽫Թά˲
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ϴСײ飬ͨϵҵС˵ԷС֪ʲôҪԷмȴ̨ͬ־Ӳܲ
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Сûɵ˵ôһ䣬ɣ֪Ҫʲôʲôֱ˵ҪĨǵġ
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СһǼΪԾΪ֮ǰûиزڽΪʲôҪͬز
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ǹһЦҲҪʽ𣬶һҪ֧棬ֻҪӦҺ
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С˿򣬲ŵصⲻڿЦɣǴƼ𣿡
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ܣͨĹϵһǧ޸ˡС񵱼ܾ˽Ҫȥ
һס֣˵ߣ㲻ҪûһԣܵĻʹ绰ңҵƬҲΪ˭ֻҪ£ҾԸǮ£ǹƽף˵ǲǣ
һƬݵСǰЦЦȻԼˣСһ˼
СǰƬһ˵ĸоһǧջסͷƣȴûİգգȻû˵Ҷƽ֮ĹϵûдﵽҶƽµĳ̶ȣҶƽĸоҲΪ˽ӦҪˣ׸ô죿
˺ܳʱ䣬С˵Լȥ飬ûаȥ飬еľʲôܡ
뵽СҶƽһλ̽һҶƽ᲻ΪһЩ飬һܵٱҵҪҹβһҶƽ֮ܵıһֻҪҶƽܴӦ£˵ͻӦ£һ̽ɹͿ뽯кˡ
ﶨ֮С뿪˰䣬Ȼ˿ΧûˣæԼĳɳ۶ȥ·µͷƵģͨͨͣ


821 Сһ
ҶƽȻԽȽŭȴǿûа취ԸСӽƻĺܣڰԼ£ʡóίصĲ룬ȴ鲻ϽйֶİӸջ
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һŸָΪֻûб¶ѣΪһȻûв鴦ܷӵȨȴԼлȡʲôƸЩͬ۵ԭ
뵽Ľһ绰齯ھǻĽӵ绰󣬱ĻԱӣ˵ȶУϽеĳȽΣ֮Թϵӣϵԭ⣬оǻӪйء
Ҷƽ̾һ뽯˽˽⽯˵ֻҪסЩ˵ĲӾͿˡ
Ҷϵ绰ԺҶƽţСֻ˹ҶƽһһǽС񣬺ǻ˽ʱ䣬ЩӦŮˡ
Сһ绰˵ҪԷҶƽЦðһطɣ
С̸㵱ԼһطҶƽһǰԷĵص㼫ΪΣ֮СѾ
С֮ҶƽЦһ£һ߽˷棬ҶԵʲô
СЦʵҶƽǺһЦԵ㣬Ӳô
Сȥ˼ˣȻµҶϴ˵£ҿһ£׼뷨дһƪڲΣʡ쵼
ҶƽЦðдддҲ⣬ҲǼ
֮ǰҶƽСдһڲΣйʡгڲΣҶƽϣʡӣǺһ룬оڲδػʲôã˵ֶμأһпǣһЩҪ쵼֪Ҳûа취
Сһᵽ£ҶƽǸ⣬дддҲνҶƽ̬ȣСЦһ£һֱûа£ЩⲻȥںˣԲھˡ
˾Ǳ߳ԱģҶƽһǿŽһЩϵķգһҲС֪һЩʡ飬ϾΪһߣĴɷã϶֪ܶණ
һСͻȻҶƽһۣ΢ЦҶҪ㷿زֲ֧֧ң
ûϵСͻȻ˵仰ҶƽЦЦ԰ô㷿ز
һЦСȴһ֧Ļ˵ҶҴְ㷿زвУ
ְҪ㷿زҶƽʱʮֵľȡ
Сɼ߷ǳ࣬Ҳ׬Ǯڷزôȥ㷿زĻ϶ҵ
Ҷƽȴ˵һܺõҵҪز˵زҵһܸɳģ㿴ĸز̲ȡᣬһŮͬ־ôӦ
Ҷƽ˵Ҳʵǣⷿزûһ㱳ֶûȥϾһ⣬˭һûһֶλǲС
Сһȴ˵Ҷֻ֧ǹҪ㿪˭Ҳֱ棿
Сһ˵ҶƽʱоСĳɷˣһ뵽ԼҲҿʲô뷨
Ҷƽ㷿زҪܶʽ֧㣬Ȱ㻹ǲҪ뷨˰ɣ
Сʽʲô⣬ƽʱҲʶ˲ٵѣֻҪĿǻṩʽ𣬵һȴҪ֧֡
ҶƽеС׬ǮˣôôˣСҪܽܵġ
Ҷƽ˵Ҳ֪гһȽң뷨أһϰ㣿㻹ǲҪⷽɣ
Ҷƽһ˵С͸оЩ⣬˵Ҷ˵о仰ȨùϣȻƽĶ˼޲׷ƸΪһҪ壬ΪٳϵˣҲǲԸһֿɮֻҪò֣׷һ²ƸҲδɣ˵أ
СҶƽһ˵Ҷƽǿ벻ۣǺԭһһѬĵŮˣԼĿԵġ
СҶƽ˵ȥ׷ƸǴɲشڹٳϣֹͬ˵ְͬǣҪͼİĲʹӵҲҲδ죬Щֵ̰٣Ȼ˵ģڲϵ׷ƸİλˣֻҪԸ⣬Ϊһǧ̿²һ£Ƕ룬ȥԴԼְͬһһȥ׷ƸǻһԱһǶԼݣԲϼҪҪʱѵ˵Ȩãϣ϶ǲеİɣ
ҶƽƽС˵⻰С񿴵̬ȣоиûˣҶƽⷽûκεҪҶƽԭǲܵġ
һ룬С΢΢һЦ˵Ҷ벻˼ôСŮǳˣģֻǳһ룬Ҫְɷزˣ΢֧һ¿԰ɣ
Ҷƽһ۵һ㲻׾ܾ˵ģǶԭԵ飬ҲȥǨͱˣС˵ǰɣ
ҶƽһνС֣СһоΪԭҶƽʲô϶ҽĳŵ᲻Ҳ޷ţ֮£עάҶƽ֮ĹϵΪá
뵽СݸһЦ˵Ҷ磬һʱ˼ˣʵҸоԼͦãԳΪһˣȻԼɵʱ򣬲Żȥ飬˵ȥȡᣬ׬ȡֲ֮ƣŻԼԶİ
Ҷƽ˵һЦоСǱȽǵģҪ뷿زгôͲ佻ˣʶҲһʱࡣ
ˣƣ֮ˮ˽ԭ˶˼ʹϵͻúܶ࣬ȻҲʥˣеʱҲȫףǻԭǻֵ׵ġҶƽЦһ£ƽ˵
Ҷƽ˵СͻȻ˵Ҷ磬زǲȥˣһæܾɣ
ҶƽĿһ˵ʲô£


822 㿪
СʱŰԼܴܵѧҵҵҶƽ˳Ҷƽһ飬ﲻһ˵ܵܵĹҵĻҵǿɸһҵǿԴӦ㡣
С񲻽˵صҶ磬㿴ʺϵ﹤
Ҷƽȥǹô
Сû뵽Ҷƽĵܵܵҹæ˵ھǺð鷳Ҷ硣
ҶƽЦһ£㷿زصܰ죬ǰ˸һݹǿԵģ˲յУеʱҲҪչʾԼһ£С֪ŲСıµġ
Сð죬ڶ͸Ҷȥ绰æһѵĵܵҷݹҶεҲûʲôѣʹӦˡ
СҲ֪ҶƽһʲôˣȵϵʱʾûҸˡ
һСû˰취ȻǺܲˣСҶƽĹϵһ㰡ͻƿûãǲҶƽβʲôôҲԣͷͳ̴󽭡һ
ŰҶƽȥǷҶƽûʲôѱУ֪βҶƽϵУһûҶƽˡ
ҪҶƽ£ǷҲûʲô·һֱĻҶƽͬһֻ·ûȥ˳ʡǷزгϺ绽ˣ˺ͷۡ
󽭸磬Ҫó취ƽҶƽͷû⣬һסˣʡóίǮҷ˶²Ū֣󽭸˵ǲǣ̴󽭱Թ
̴ȵҪϽеĵƤ㷿زֻҪҪʡ£;ȥ죬ҪȽһЩҲˣҶƽ˺üȨȫеȥﵽĿģôҲûȥˡ
̴üͷһ룬˵ȻҶƽȲǺҲȡôǾӲӲֻҪǰ飬뷽跨õʡ쵼ʾҪҪִС
һ˵ҵ쵼ҲβɣҶƽβɹϵ˭ʾܴβɣ
ѵǲžʾֻҪžʾβɸҲ
һ˵ʵؼžʾ𣿡
̴󽭵ΪҸڿǰ˵ϻˣֻҪԼžʾһĿһС
ʵʲôĿ˵ˣǸĽʲôʲô˵ھǹϵܲҲ
һ˵СӺĿܴģҪһαҪһ١
̴һȲҪҪĻ˵
̴󽭾򽯱һĿһ󷿵زҵʡԭӰ˾һƤλ÷ǳǾĿ֮ǰûڽʡزĿõϴһѶȣ˵̴ʡǵķزгϵһĿ̴ҪԼԺģһӰ˾صеǳļ֣Ӱ˾ԵԺкܶ¸ְûеõưţ⻹пصĹ˾ڣõؿǷҪҵʡ֧֣Ͻûȫ£һ룬͸еȽΪѣϽͺһ£ɹҷزҵԸǰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣǸɹɣҪǮġ
һջ˵Ǳ飬̴һѻ˵꣬Ͼ¶һ̰֮⣬֪ǿҪ׬ٵǮ
󽭸磬ǸɣʹҶƽҲҪɣҪžǩʾɡ緢ص
̴󽭺ͺǵ˵ͷȻһ£ɽ㶨Ӱ˾Ŀؾɺ㶨Щܻµ¸̴ְȽнԣóȽžͬ¡
㶨Щ֮ǾֱӰѵתزҵȥʲôɷݣĻһգǺ˷ȥǾǺ鷳ԻתõĲ۽ϺãȽס
˷ֺù㿪ʼ׼жһʵǳ̴ģȻҷڽʡõأȻҪһƲУⷽҪ̴󽭺ͺ˳ˡ
Ͻгƽҹ˾ӼҵһܣȻƿʼʡķزг
ںƽ£ܿͳӴҵҵһǳܰ£ʹҲˣڼϣҵĸܾͱڽʡзزԸʾ֧֣ӭǰͶҵϽеķزгǷǳģҲҪķزҵͶʾӪʡǵľ÷չкô
һӼҵųȽҲ֧ˣʵҵȽĸ߹ٽм棬ƵҪҲύʡĸ߹٣ΪһԼ㽭ʡ׼ֱ뽭ʡĸ߹ٴ򽻵ǺαҪ̴ͨ󽭺ء
ȽȺǽ˹ϵʡӰ˾ǿأϽҵģֻ˼ƣĿ껹ԶأҪﵽĿ꣬ýӽʡ쵼С
Ҫӽʡ쵼ԭǰˣΪԻ鲢ֹܹˣ̴󽭺ͺԼûæʡ쵼֮⣬ǻҶƽһ棬ΪҶƽǹ֧ЩÿչʱֻҪһЩϰǵ¥Ǹǲ
ǳ̴󽭺ͺ˵ߣҵҪʱ̴󽭵˾ǲûشֻǸǣõص飬ǻ㶨ֻҪǳʽˡ
ӣҵҲ˵ʲôѾýʡزгľߣڱҪȥˣֻҪ̴󽭵ܰ飬ǾͿ˳ƽ
ʡӰ˾ʡĻܣһҪȥʡĻʡĻ̴󽭵˵ûʲôѴƾʡǵĹϵȫʲô⡣
ȻɽˣֱҵʡĻһϵ£ʾҪط忪ȫõóʱʡĻҲõСĺô
ʡĻĸһоҲǺ£ǿһüǮĻĻ˵ǿһʲС룬Ȼ㱨һ£ܲܽкܺĻǾ뽯ǩͬȡȥ
ÿˣҶ֧֣


823 
ʡĻ㱨һ룬ҲһûᣬյãľѾЩ㣬ܰתֳȥǿһʲС룬Ǿ⣬һʡ᲻׼һǵӰ˾ְ᲻£ⲻҲûа취
һ򽯱ת˾ͱʾЩֻҪĻͬ¾УĻһͺðˣǿʡ˲¡
ʱҶƽȴǸ΢˽ãʵȫʡ˵طҵ⣬ŹϽĿԴҲǺͻ
˽һҿ˽ĴУȫʡľ÷ϽУȫʡڶУԴȽϷḻһЩͳĿԴһһЩϡеԴҶƽӵһЩ棬˵ؽһһЩ˽ɳºӴָɺԣƻطʡμأûӦеãһǵطڱһΪһЩ֮ͽ޼ɵȥ͵͵ڡ
Ҷƽ֪״ﵽ˺̶ֳȣǷҪһר鷽˾һ˽ͨˮصһطһΪ˵͵ʮֵĶӡ
ڵĹжݾߣʱʵֻн΢˽ã˭Ҳ֪ͨǰ֪Ҫȥ
ӿʻǰͨˮصĸ·ϣҶƽ۾ڳϢһ뵽ںܶ˶ùҵԴıȡ˵˽Ǹеǳʹģ˭֪ʲôⶼֻԴһһ޴˺öԴĲŶģš
ȫʡ⼸Ѿ鴦˺üֳЩֳҪôǵ˿ϰĻҪôǵ˷ز̵ĻҶǼǧͣʵǹھ޴
ֻҪ΢һ£ЩĲӬͻǰͺ̵ֱס˵ŵ쵼ǸΣҵһ͵ˡ
Ҷƽĳʻ·ĿȻ㳯ͨˮµĵطȥֱʱ򣬷ǲ֪ҶƽҪʲô
ͨˮصһҶƽó·ͣ£ȻԷСڳϵţҵϸ
·Ǻ߶һЩҲݣû뵽Ҷƽĵط㣬леЩЦҶƽȥģһ뵽˼Ҫȥһ£Ͳٸȥˡ
ǴӦһ˾һڳȻҶƽ·ȻӱȥܿʧҲݴС
ũĵطҶƽһҲİСʱӾߵĽˮȻȼĺЩ󣬵ǿȥҲǲࡣ
֮Ҷƽһһ߹۲ȥߺƽûʲô͵ɳԱмũںһЩׯڣͷ˿Ҳû˵ʲô
Ҷƽ򽭱ȥȵߵߵʱ㷢ֽмĴǲɳֻû棬оʱǵġ
ǿһΧҶƽǷĺӴѾܵ˺ܴƻЩļǲɳµУǳΣա
Ҷƽһʱжϲ׼ﵽû͵ɳʯҪ˽Ⱥ·ߣǾȥһʵصȺڣ˽
뵽ҶƽӰóһ̣ȻǼɻũӦǳϤ
뵽ԼЩ̫Щũ֪ԼǸʲôģǲ˵ʵͷŪһЩȻϵ·רڲݴߣӾ˸еԴеˣЩũ˵ͻϿ
ⷬαװҶƽ߽ǼũǼũһ߹Ҳ̧ͷ˿Ҷƽ߽ЦǺð
ҶƽͨĿũɵؿһۣҶƽ߽һһֻ˵ǣ뵽һЩɳӣӦ˭
һҶƽɳӵģһũӹҶƽ̺˵ɳﲻ򰡣ôط򣿡
ҶƽЦȽϴߵɳӲ뵽򣬵ҿɳûпô£
һҶƽ˵һũ˵ڽɳòˣǶ͵͵ĲɣʱȥҪǣȵϣһϣǾͿʼˣҹèӣ
ҶƽﲻһʵɳӼȻǲòɣΪʲôǸҹ͵أ
һũ˿Ҷƽ㻹ˣ첻ҹȻɣ˭ܰʲôӵְأ
һҶƽ֪ٱԲˣʵͷ⼸𣿡
ũ˵ؽߣǣ˵һһ׬һǮǿǷ˰
ũǵϲĽ֮⣬ҶƽһоߵȷʵأȻʡͷĲ׼˽Ҳˣǵִ⣬ŲˣǰŻվɣЩ˿԰ƽطһЩţʹͬ衣
ڵ֪֮Ҷƽһ룬ǼũЦһЦȻˣʱҶƽȥôʱ䣬Ȼûл㵣Ҷƽǲǳʲô£㼱æҶƽ
صڣҶƽóӼǰʻһûĴֻһط֮³Ǹ˹ȥ߹Ҷƽûֹ
ͽȥһҶƽͷߵ棬ͿǽվżˣһǹͷȥǺˡ
ҶƽͷߵߵʱһͷҶƽ̾ͣؿҶƽ
ҶƽǣЩǲǾ͵ɳʯˣߵ߿ͣڲԶĴֻʱ˾˴ϣʼ뷢ϵķƺҵ
ǱߵĴǵϿʼɣ߾ȻھҪɣӷǳĴ󣬶ǼͷӿҶƽϿÿɣҶƽͷ˹
ʲôͷʵ
˹æߵҶƽǰ˵·ģ羰
ʲô羰ɿģץߣһͷӾǺǳ
ȥϾֻҶƽЩ˶ҶƽСûб´飬ͷҶƽһۣҶƽ̬ȡ
˵￴羰УҶƽ΢ЦſԷ˵ôһ䡣
˿Ҷƽ̸²ҲƸϰգЩĹԱӻҶƽͷ˹ǲǵҪˡ
ʲô羰ҿǲǺˣǹͷһָԲѷһ˵ҶƽǺˡ


824 г
һͷӳԲѷҲǸеЩջˣϾҶƽЩ˾Ȼ˵Ǻˣ̻ػ˵˭Ǻˣ
˵ػǼͷΧ˹˵ҿǾͲǺˣץҹǺÿ
Ҷƽվ￴⼸ͷӣо⼸˲һ㵱صϰգҪôЩйϵҪôЩ˾ǵصĶǲŲĺˡ
ǸʲôģҶƽһ䡣
ʲôǵʲôˣԷȻӾˣҶƽͷŭĿӡ
ҶƽһЦ˵ֻǹ羰Ƕÿѵطǵģ
ͷָҶƽı˵ǵģôţϿǹ
һǰ˵ǻôˣ
ͷһָҲǣŲţ
һЩ˾һЩƦҶƽЩ˽ִ壬һתȥˣЩ˿ҶƽȥҲͲٹˡ
˰Ҷƽһ£˽гһ绰˵ͨˮط鷳һ¡
һӵҶƽ绰һҶƽôͻȻطѵʲôܵ
һ£Ҷƽڵص㣬ȻǰͨˮˣҶƽֻһ棬һζȥ£˱ʶˣʹʶҶƽΪгҲҪһ¡
绰ҶƽͰѳӿһȥȻȴǼͷӿҶƽ֮Ҳû⣬һᣬֻͿʼ¡¡ؿʼҵ
һСʱڳҶƽǸطȵҶƽʱæǰ˵ҶôҲ˵һǺýӴ
ҶƽЦһµг·ģȴòˣҷߵĺźöĲɳеҵеĻûҵʡпԴιַǷΪڿЩƺ޿֣ûе°
һҶƽôһ˵ʵûнӵ氡Ķɵģ
Ҷƽһ۱˵棬Ҫһ濴һ
ȥһеĻֹ̽
˽еĹԱǰ·ȻͺҶƽһİȥ֮ԶͿЩɳҵˣһϵıǲÿȴ˼ҹˣǵطȴûз֣˵˭Ű
ߵǰǳЩɳ˺ʲô
ͷԱϢͻȻ˺㼱æתͷˣһʮˣҶƽ棬һʱ֪ô£ЩľȻػʵǸʲôģ
һָɳ˵ϸͣˣ
һֱɳͣˣͷһŹˣ˭˵ͣҾ͵ͣΪӶǳصǰɣ
ǸʲôģǴͷǲɵģȥҴͷӾѿڶ
ŭʲôǲɵģǲɵĶУϸͣˣ
ҪǲͣأͷԾЩҳĸоˣ
һһЩߵתͷԹԱԶҡ
Ա̴绰ͨˮسԶ飬ǼͷһָʹʮҲеã㼱æҲ绰ˡ
аСʱԶ˹һӵĵ绰û˵æ߸ϣ֪ΪʲôͻȻгƽʱϺʢǲá
ϵʱ򣬹ͷӽеҲˣһֵĹͷӣһµϳ֮ҲǼæµ
Զ󣬾˶ǰһ߳ô£βɳôεģǹҶ㻹ʲô˵ģ
һԶ飬һʾ⣬ĿɨҶƽԶһ˵ˣ˲ٵĹǰЩǸոɣ˭ϵЩĲģ͵͵ɣȫзͣκúӵ򡣡
Զһ˵Ҷƽһüͷ˽ߵĵΪʮַͨˮεĻŲԶĵҲ˵ʲôûͨˮɻͿǲִϼĹ涨ˡ
Զһ˵껰ͷҵǸӾˣһԶ⣬һæǰʺõس⣬ô£
˭ǲɳϰ壿Զû뵽ɳϰȻɫһ䣬
ԶڳҶƽţһۣתͷ˵ɳϰ壿
Զһ䣬ɳϰЩɣǵ˵ͷһԼɳϰˣԶһָ˵ϸҹͣˣܴ
Զǳɳϰ壬ɫһ˵ϸţ׼ٳ
ԶһķԸæͷӦţԸϺ󣬱ҶƽҶ߰ɣ
һ۽ߣҶƽеͨˮƺǰʲôĿǣƺҲ¹ӡ󣬷طϼǰбݣô顣
г鷳ˣЩΪ˸˵棬ƻ˷ѹԴܺܺõǣ⡣Ҷƽ߱ߺͶ˵
ЦҶǻǳӵģ²鷳ǣ鷳ˣҿ﷢ְĻһ֪ºһúõش⣬ٷǾơ
˶ĻҶƽҲ˵ʲôˣг˱ϸ˵˼ҶĵλҪһЩгǵط߳٣˽طȫʡĵλʮҪ˽ȥĸɲϽһθʡʡίίʲôġ
˰֮󣬶Ҷƽ˽רҶƽҶƽȥ˽гʲôǶ罭Ǻ飬ȥĻǾǲ˼ӣڹٳǺҪһ治ƴˡ
һ룬Ҷƽֻ˳ŶĳԶǸɳϰһѪͷ
˭ǰҵģû۾ղЩ֪˭ʡгһ˵һ仰ܰǸͽȥưԣס˼һ仰ϿȫͣˣٸŪʲô鷳ȰǸͽȥ
ԶһǼͷӵͷ˵ˣسԷһҲ


825 뱻
ҶƽŶ⵽˽ϯרԶʢ飬벻Էһ룬˽пһУȫʡ˵ҲǽϽģ˼ôһҪегҪξܾ
Ҷƽӭ˽һƵ꣬ЦݣҶƽΪعʹõźܴĻȨҶƽԷֵ⣬˽ие£ȻҶƽ˵ֻ·ģо²ô򵥣Ҷƽרط⣬ȻŴ绰ôȥԺ󣬿϶дʡ㱨˽опܵˡ
ڰҶƽдãĿľҪҶƽҪץס鲻ţȻ˽нһĲȹˣֻҪ鱻ʡ֪˽оͲܵʡ쵼ˡ
ҶƽԶĿҲǷǳģ˽ִϼ߲ˣɾһܲõ飬ֻҪϱ£Ҹһʱް϶Ҫм
Էʱ򣬶ǲͣȥҶƽľƣȻͰ˵һ˵ʾһѴ´ãҶƽ˵ı̬ҲԸΪ˽еĹϵ㽩߶һҪž˽Ҳɵ˽ҲɲƻػҶҲǼΪƽһЩַͨʽ˸Щ˶һЩͨ¸ˣҪôйϵҪôһЩåƦ˳Ϊ¸İ˵һ˺
ǣֻҪҶƽʱͷǳˣֻҪʡл㱨
˷Ҷƽ뿪˽˴˽֮УǷ⣬϶ûֱ۵ĸܣߵ棬ǻʣԼľִУԼľǲִУѡִеΪϵͳһܴ˺
ڸֿǣҶƽȥԺûʡӳ£ָʾ˽йҪ׷ٴ£ٳִвҪ档
˽йʡֻҵָϵϵʱŲûндֱ˽йֽӵҶƽָʾֻ֮ȴӦִҶƽָʾǻҪ˽ɫ
Ҷƽڸʱ򣬽ΪʡӰ˾æµţϵʡӰ˾Ŀؾ⿴صľҲһǳ̰ƵˣһӰ˾ֻҪ㿪ͿԵõһʺô⿴صľܿʹӦ˽ҪȫսҪȥ¡
ôʹؾʹӦԼҪ󣬽ǵ⣬㶨̫ˣûܾסǮջ󣬵һ룬뵽ҶƽҶƽҲ˹ˣԴϹûһЩ̴򽻵ôһҪְλȴûȡô
˵Ⱑһ뵽ҶƽǲһһҪɹֱƹҶƽȥȡžʾʱҶƽִžʾ϶žˣһҶƽǲˡ
ؾһͬϣʡĻ򱨸棬ؾȻǼϣȻʱõԼһݳͣһ
ܿʡĻֹܸǩʾȻ͵ʡĻʡĻ֮ǰӵ˷ֹܸı棬Աٿо£ʡӰؿľ
ֹʡĻĸʡӵԺ󣬾ǩύʡβɣβɶԽʡгĻҴһʶ˴ʡĻʡ룬Ҫظ㿪ָʾɹ飬ڹûǰԸ㿪
һʾ̽ȥʤһ»ΪӰòٰ齻ʡµľʡĽ룬βɵʾִλ»صʾĽ׶Ρ
βʾҶƽ˶ʡӰ˾ؿеоʡӰ˾ȻشƽضΣҵֵȽϸߣǸһЩʩȽ϶ĵطȺڷǳϣһƬһС㳡Ӱ˾ռĶŪһС㳡϶ˣ˴㷿زȻҪҵסլǾͼռ˹õأȻ÷ز׬ǮҲõһ룬еĹ滮ʵЩңĹҵĹǷֿĺá
Ҷƽʱ֪ŽĲ룬ֻǸβɵʾص˽˽̵лһ⣬ǾǵӰ˾ְڵ֪Ҫ֮ǷǳΪǣ֮ǰӰ˾ѾһأǷֺôûеõ¸ıһЩϱʲôĸûж֣ڿ˾ҪأүĲʹҪǸϾɱˣһӰ˾ǲڣԺûκˡ
˽⵽ҶƽȻǾô˿һǲҪĺãȵо滮ҰźõӰ˾ְ
ھһо͵Ҷƽ纣ʡ˿ҲҪ㿪һΪй滮ҪһΪӰ˾ҲҪһ棬ڰѵȫˣôʡĻҵҲһʧ
һ֪ʡ룬Ȼ֮ڣ֪Ƿǳջ𣬿ͨ;ﵽĿǾǲܵ飬ڱֶͨﵽĿġ
̴󽭺ϵ취ȡžʾĿ
̺ض˴ʱҲŹȻʡӰ˾ģǵӰ˾ԱߵһЩطȴϽеģϽҪӰ˾ضźܴĻȨ
ߥβɻ㱨һؿ飬ʱʡڵ˽飬һβ˵ʾ뾭ʡѹ֮˵ʡΪԣо顣
ȵʡһһûͨٴβ˴ؿ飬ʡĻҲͬ£ʡıһƫģΪݣβͬ⡣
ǳ飬ܲβɶɣҶƽûǰ˵ϽһЩ֮£˵Щ˴ؿ齫ôʱܸ㿪Ҫˡ
βӦ飬û˰취ֻϢģͷ˵һ˵һβֻͨȥžˡ
ҪžȻóȽ棬ⷽĹǽ̴ˣ̴ȥҳȽ߳ȽһؿĿϽжôôҪĿҲǷǳʵֻҪžžһͬ⣬ֻҪžͬ⣬ʹβɲͬҲûá


826 ҵž
ڳȽõʵ֣Ͼһȫ֪ķزҵȽרžʹȥž˵һ¡
ھľùžһǲܵģΪʡίҪܵǵԼشľþߺͷչ˼·ȥרŹעһЩĿ
Ǵ˴γȽһ㱨֪زҵϽзչ֮žһ룬ʾ֧ҷزҵڽķչϽίṩһз㣬ͷزҵפϽ
ž˵Ȼһֿ˵֧֣ȻȽҪ֧֣һžǣԶ˾ʡӰ˾һأʡӰ˾ҲԸô˿أǱʡʡˣʡӰ˾ǿؿһƽضΣԶ˾Ļ»Ϊµĵʡǵľ÷չźܴĺô
Ƚһ˵žʵʡܷĿѵⲻϹĹ涨𣿡
ȽʡҶƽϽеķչ˼·һ˼Щ̫أⲻӾýǶȥǣǴŵȥǣԴϹԺʡǵķزге̬֮Ҫԭطʹ֤Է㣬Ƕ෽迨ز⣬ȥʡľ÷չǷǳ
Ƚžǰݺݸžһ٣ž֮󲻽üͷҶƽĺܣô˼뱣ˣ˭ôȨ
ȽҶƽȻᣬ˼ȷǱˣ˭ôȨ˴Զ˾ĿƺʡӰӡ
һȽô˵žһӾˣҶƽıβɣβȻ֧ҶƽģҶƽҲôȨӰ쵽ȫʡľ÷չʡǵعгңҲβɵĻ㱨ģҶƽβɵָʾȥָ򣬼ȶӰ쵽ķչҲпܵģȥҶƽأгʧ
ıһã̫ˣصĺ߾زסˡžͻȻ˵ôһ䡣
һž˵ȽǸеž֧ܿܲ£æ˵Ҳ˵ʲô£ǻֵ֧ط÷չӦģżëõطΪѣʡӰ˾أȫʲôغߵ£㣬÷չϰᵼԶ˾뽭ʡģǣùעһ£СʧԶ˾ˡ
˳ȽĻžһ£˵ɣҸҶƽ绰֧Զ˾ķչӰ˾ص飬ʡ㱨һ£ȡֲ֧УҲǿҪظ˰
žҪǵβ֮Ĺϵ⣬Ͼβ⣬β෴ľߣβִвȥô죿ŵģҪ⣬ûȫӳȽ
һž˵Ƚе·ǳļˣñȡž⣬Ӷȡзβɸı⣬ȶҶƽͨ
ǣʡʵûвӰ˾ص˼ҪϰҶƽʡҶƽѰѹأҶƽѹظסˣҶƽʡܵôС顣ȽͰžһ¡
ž⻰֮ĿһеҶƽһȨ֣УȨǲСβȫ֧ιҲȫβɵġ
ȽڵӰ˾ģ϶ҲʡĻģʡĻҴһ棬ʾһ£Ǳٺ绰˵һȡ֧Զ˾Ͷʡžһ£
һž˵ȽԸҪľž仰ֻҪžʾͻ򵥵Ķࡣ
棬ڶ죬ʡĻıǵžİͷžһǴһӣʾͬʡĻʾ棬ֵ֧Ӱ˾̻ʲг·ҵк㿪ʾ󣬱תβʾ
βɾͽӵžʾı棬˿ݱ棬ԭıݣžʾȻûаԭʾ£ͨȥžˡ
һȶʡĻƹžʾЩջͬʱžЩϾѾˣͻȻô죬Ȼڴ
һ£βɰҶƽ˹ȻʾҶƽһ£Ҷƽһ֪Щˣ˭˵žʾģѵʡĻʡĻûôǿƣܲʡȥžʾǵԴˣ׬Ǯˣ򲻿ô
Ҷƽһ˵ββɾҲǣ϶б˵Ĳ룬˭ȴǲö֪βһҶƽƽʾˣҲò⣬ͬʡĻҪ󣬸ǰصתɣָҲǶԵģǵǰĹҪչãǲתô˴ؿ飬ǿ϶ṥҶ˱صģҪú˽һҪʲô벻⣬ıӰ˾ְķӦҪ˽⣬ֹͻ
βɿǵž֮Ĺϵ⣬Լⱳֹ飬Ҷƽͬصתá
Ҷƽһһ˵ʡعҸģڳ⣬ʡӰ˾ǿزõع滮֮УҲϹҪڸʡĻ⣬ԺĹͲøˣҽȡһ£Ҫͬ顣
ҶƽǱȽϼ飬βɿҶƽһۣСҶһԼĻҲڼԼҶǳԼЩЭˡ
Уƽٺһ£ܼ飬Һܸˣϵ֪֮ͨ㡣βɾҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ֮󣬱׼ȥû뵽ʱžĵ绰ˣרβɽģһӵžĵ绰βɱʾһҶƽҶƽһԱȥβ绰
ڵ绰УžβɽҪʡӰ˾صɣΪ翪ãһͶʣһҲǴٽʡǵĽ裬ֶΪʡȻһЩ̫ˣϵǰزгչĹɣʡĹذȥҪٹȥˡ
žһضβ˵βɾ͸оٷ˵žҶƽЩɣžҲ֪ˣȻǼ̬ȣѵΪҪžʲôĦ


827 ְ
βɻһЩòͬžҪʵһЭЭȻ˫ڽŵĹϵ֮У̮Σա
žĵ绰βɻعͷҶƽƽͬʡĻҪɣǵָʾ㰴ָʾˡ
βʵûžԾˣԸβɴ˵绰βҲǾܲסžѹǲֱӾܾžҪ󣬼ȻˣִϼΪãҲǾˡ
ˣҶƽȥԺʡĻӵ֪ͨʡصҶƽָʾ纣£֮ǰǷ˵ģ¸纣Ҳ֣ҶƽָʾȻҲû˵ʲô
Ǳߺ֪ܿϢʱκҲֵʡίǵֻҪʡίǷ˭Ҳ
ۿؾҪתóȥˣû뵽ǣͻȻֳˣΪӰ˾ְ֪˴£ڴ֮ǰΪˣҲûһҪأǱˣɺ㶨ġ
Ӱ˾ְǱǨЩ˲ԸʹʧȥӰ˾أһ˵֮󣬱˺ڵӰ˾ǰʾأ˹·ȺڵΧۡ
һӰ˾Ա̸УԱǺģʾǴӦǸһĲ֮ǰĸǷˣǲͬصġ
ְǵҪۺܸߣֱԵڱǨˣúջԭȿǹأûЩνĲǨˣЩһ㣬ٺܴ鷳ˡ
Ȼͬ⣬ֻȥʡĻЭ£õӰ˾ְʡĻ˵ְǽжԻǲǣʡĻڵӰ˾ԱѾûˣǵĻְǿ϶˸ûκνչý˸еͷۡ
Щ˿ʼʡϷãҪǵ⣬Ҽأһ㣬ʡҲǺջ𣬰ʡĻ˸йְⶼûнãΪʲôҪȥأְ̰ҪеȫΡ
ʡĻҲΣȻ˵ʡ쵼ʾְܲʡ쵼ȥڳ̿϶Ҳˡ
ȻǽǣԶ˾ŵû쵽ؿ϶޷תóȥ˽飬ȻкǿЭԴҲ޲ߣܴܲӦӰ˾ְҪҪļǮ̫ߣǵʴԲܴӦְǵҪ
һᣬ뵽һûа취ߣһǾ¬˹¬˹ʡźǿ˵ǮȨˣΪԭί¬ֶӣ⼸ʡǻ÷ˮ𣬳Ϊ˼µġ¬硱ҲǶнǻһЩԶ֮ûа취ֻ¬ƽˡ
֮󣬱ɽȥ¬˹˵£һ¬˹ĳ룬Ͼ˼ҲȥԵ޹ʵȥ£Ҫ˼ҿ϶ҪһĴۡ
¬˹̸̸¬˹ʹشӦˣʾøκǮһæý⣬ʵ¬˹һƲߣһֱ뷿زгǿû·˲Ըⷽĺڽҵ£β˽뷿زг
Ҫ뷿زгȻҪһ½֣֮ȲҪҪʲôͣȵԺ뷿زгҪ󣬵Ǹʱ򣬽˾ͲþܾˣǾܾĻǿǾˡ
һ¬˹ôʹ죬ǸоûзʲôȻˣǾ¬˹ȫȨ£Ӱ˾̸ְʲôУҪõӰ˾ְ
¬˹ȥҵӰ˾ְ˵Ҫǽ̸УǲҪٵңͬص£ʱ϶һô
Ϊܼ򵥣϶ûѧοΣ˽׼ȽǾŽһģͨıǨͬӰ˾ְôҲǹ˽׼Ȼ֪¬˹Ųǣ¬˹һǱǴˣûʲô̫
¬˹һһӸеܴۣô˵ĻﲻʹЩ˿вŭʹһֶΣЩ֪һ
¬˹˸һְ¥»ؼҵĵڣϮְڵأͷҲˡ
֮ЩϾˣȻھӷֺæ͵ҽԺȥ˵òأҽԺͷһ¾Ϳˣ¶ԵӰ˾ְܴһҽԺְ
˭ˣְ˵ûô¾ͱˣӰ˾йأ˾Ҳǣȥɳ
갸֮Щ˾ǵɳưʱ¬˹ֳˣҪǲҪأְǾȻͬ⣬˾ͶݺݵؾǣСٴα
ôһ˵Ӱ˾ְǱ֪¿϶¬˹ˣǰȴǳٳûƣְǾ͵ɳȥңɳ˾ѣ˵ʱ̱ȽϿ죬ܵҲأ°һʱûư
һɳ̬ȣӰ˾ְǱ㲻ˣһʡٴϷã˹ףʩѹһֺܻΪҪʡͷд
Ӱ˾ְ¬˹ѹ²ûǿӲ¬˹û뵽ĻҲûɽ򽻴ˣܲΪ˴ҪЩȫһɣ
Ӱ˾ְϷʡӣΪžʾ֮ǰβûͬأΪӣȻ÷ִ֮
Ҷƽ˽⣬ʼصĸĽ̴󽭵˵Ľ֪Ž˵ӰֲûôӣԭǵĲˡ
˽ԺҶƽżʹΥžָʾҲý׵óѣЩ˲ȡᣬڵӰ˾ְķԣṩһѵĽڡ
ʡԵӰ˾ϷҲܸеͷۣҶƽֱȥβɣ㱨һ£ʱֹÿصԻӰ˾ְķ
βȻҲóʲô£оҶƽȷžҲ˵ʲôϾŵӰ˾ְķԡ
βɾҶƽȲҪˣȵӰ˾ְֹͣԺ˵Ҷƽ̰βɵָʾչܿʡĻ´ֹÿؿľ
һ֪ûˤ˱ӣۿҪɹ£ȻõӰ˾ְˣ¬˹ȻҲûаƽ£еʧ
ֻʱֹӰ˾ְٷԵĻǾͿԻָڻҪ취õӰ˾ְٵҡ


828 ¬
¬ʡйʡβɻΪĸλûǷǳĴβɵȻҪӼһʾһ¶Թ֮⡣
ʱҶƽиһͬβɻ¬¬Ŀ֮һƶũתԵ㹤׼ڽʡչũתԵ㣬¬ΪֹܸͬʱԵ㹤
β¬ʾԽʡ֧֣ũתһʽĹ˴ΰԵѡڽ˹Խʡӣʡ水չҪ󣬰á
βɾǷǳ¬л⣬¬ȻҪǫһ£ԽʡĹ˳ϿɣҲлʡԹ֧֣ũתԵ㹤ǳҪҪʡĴ֧֡
¬ԽʡϿɣǶҶƽ˵Ͽɣβǰһ̬ڸβɵӣҶƽԱߣȻҲ֪
β¬Ϻ¬ڴҶƽͬȥǰеũת֮ȥˣһΪгתͷһΪΪʡֹعһίǣ¬˵Ե㹤
ʱٲеĹȽϷˮ𣬴ɣΪǸʡҲûбҪȨ֮ĹϵǷǳĺð
֮󣬴Ȱ¬Ҷƽס£Ȼί˴绰¼ίõǰĹ׼ũת¼س˱ȽϺõͷũؽ϶࣬ҸֲֳҲȽ϶࣬һЩԸֵصũ㽫תø˸֣ٽתչ˹ģֲ
ڳͷ֮չũתԵ㹤ģ¬˴˽Ȼȷֵ֧ߣʵһڽʡ顣
еʱѽӽҶƽ¬һס˰õƵ꣬ȻһסҾƵģҶƽ¬֮䲢û˵ʲô¬ǲôð¬ҲǱȽϵķУֻǳڹϵҪŴһ
ϵʱ򣬴¬ҶƽٲҲˣټҶƽʱٲԵ÷ǳ飬Ҷƽ˵ŻҶƽеЩⲻȥˣһΪҶƽ֮ûʲôϵĳͻˣͬʱҲΪĹȽ˳ǳԵʰɡ
¬ٲʱǰһеٲ֣ͣ˵ŻǷǳٲ֮⣬˹֮󣬶ԾǵһЩҲ˽⣬֪ٲһЩȻ֮ǰҲ˽һЩôȷУǸˣͷٲȻǲ˿ӵġ
ԷʱίһЩ쵼ͬ¬ҶƽһУ¬ӹ棬ܵβɵĽӼȻܵίʢȻǷǳĸˣںȾƵʱǾƵƵ
ļͬ˵֮˭һЩ¬ʡʱ䳤ҴӾҲǴ׳ˣھʱȻǱȽǫ¬ͷǷǳˡ
ٲҲǷǳˬ԰ԬŪ֮˵ˣֻһЩ򣬺ܶ鶼ǲܲʣ֪ٲƢҲΪʡֱٲһٲǰ˵ҪԬȨ
ҵʯĿؿҪˡںҶƽȾƵļ϶ٲ޵ؽҶƽ˵⻰Ҷƽҫ
еʯĿ飬Դ뿪˺ûȥעٲͻȻ˵еЩİֻǵ˵ŶǹϲгˣⶼгĹ͡
ٲغǺһЦҲһݹڵʯĿѾˣҴٻҵ԰ô
⻰һ˵ҶƽһЩȻû뵽ٲͻȻ˵ĻһʼǼٻҵ԰ģԬˣʯĿˣȴǿʼٻҵ԰ˣԬ֪ʶȨ
ôһ룬Ҷƽɫ΢΢һЦٻҵ԰Ҫʽǲ٣гҪĻôʽ𣿡
ٲҲ΢΢һЦð죬ڲʽ𣬹ؼҪأһûͨǿأܲܰǸͨˣ
ٲҶƽæˣӸ˵һҲٲæҪ֪ԼߵģȻ˵뿪г˹ȥˣһгһҵʵ̫ˣǰٻҵ԰ҲҲҵ԰ãٲԸ⽨԰ҲֻҪٲԸȥӪҵ԰϶ܰҵ԰Ӫˡ
һ룬ҶƽЩĶûеܾҪ󣬶Ǳʾͷһٸ𸴣Ҷƽӣٲ֪ҶƽܾǸ۾ȥҶƽľơ
ҶƽٲȥԱһԷί쵼е֮ǰìܣڼȻͬˣ˸еЩ֡
¬Ҷƽٲ֮ѺõĹϵҲǸе֣Ⱦƣ߿ҶƽٲǱߡ
ȵ˷˾ƣ¬ȥϢȻ뿪˾Ƶ꣬ҶƽȻҲھƵס
¬ȵñȽ϶࣬ȥϢˣҶƽصԺ󣬰õһ͹ţĺ棬Ȼ˾һҶƽķ䡣
һҶƽЦֻҪһˣǱȻҪˣõȥǳҲվ΢Цš
֮󣬰õ˿Ц˵Ҷ磬Һͳһ£ʡǸ㷿ز㿴вУ
õֻ˷زҵʡһûⷽҵ񣬵ڰõͳ˿زҵչȽϿ죬Ҫزҵ뷨
һ뷨Ҷƽʡǵķزгǳӣûе׵ȥ˸򲻿棬ʡ֪ģĸ̱ûһ㱳ǲеģҪȥʡǣҪˡ
õЦҶ磬ʡǣǵǻʲô
Ҷƽһ˵˵ô򵥣治ǹŵ飬أҲðǡ
Ҷƽװõ˵˼޷ڿԼΪֻҪܰһѣⷿزǺ֪ǣԼʡǾΪز飬赲һЩ˵棬õͳʡǿչҵ񣬿϶Ҫ˽дѹǸʱЩ˱ȻòȻǸһĻʲôԭ¶ˣǾͬˡ


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Ҷƽ˺ôһõͺͳһˣȥҶƽһ룬ڹλӣĳЩ˵Ĳ·ҲԼĺմϹ⣬˵±ǲţôԲԽߣԼˡ
ʱҶܷܷ˵绰˵̸һѣǾӵģвУһ̸ˣҶƽǸˣʲôҶܷܷǸո̸ܲıǵλ쵼ܵģȥǳһ
̸ܲıҶƽ룬оȽϿԣӵĸɲһЩ벻һЩͷҲҪˣֻҪÿУûʲôġ
ҶƽĻҶܷܷҲܸˣϾܵõԼϿɣһص£Ҷƽ˵УŲᷴԼǾһżһ޷Խż
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߿ҶܷܷҶƽѩ׽ƽѩ߿ԼԼҵȫĲͬȻƢԺ緽ܴŵ³ɡ
˶õûжģԼĽͽҲûʲôչˣֻϴæŪؽڰ칤ȻһڰΣҲûаͽʲôæˡ
ԼĸĸҲһֱûлؼȥүүҶڻھͬҶҶ˵ҶҪˣҶڵĻүүҲͻصϼȥˡ
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ڶ죬Ҷƽ¬ǰ¼صתٲҲǰͬ¬ǰӵ¼أ¼ίѾ˳ֵ׼Ͻܿ˽ͨίǺسǰ·ڽнӼݣųǳĴ
Ҷƽʹаͳ濴һУʵĸһЩУ¬ǹĸһɲҲһɲȻҲǺܸˣҪųֳǵ
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¼ίı֮¬ͷΪũתһǳ飬ȻũĻӪƶȲ䣬ڴ˻ϿԽӦתԱٽũҵĹģչ
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ֳ¬ͱʾԽũתԵ㹤ԵɹˣͿԽƹ㣬ũСģֲѾһЩе˲ԸֵأеԸֵأȴûеأһЩûӦļҲֻһЩͳũֲЧ治ߣⶼҪչũתһԡ
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һҪǵǣ߳Ǻõģǵ棬ܾͻطǿũתǿ϶ͻìܣӰ쵽ũȶˡ
صתһķգũԸԸеգԼ᲻صļУӰ쵽ũȶһȽֵ˼顣
ҶƽԴԼĿȻڲ뷨˵ΪֻǸԵ㣬ԵоͻֳᷢһЩ⣬ǸʱȻͻ˽йעһ


830 ĸ
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Ҷƽٱֱӻص˶أ˶֮󣬸Фкſͬѧһ绰һ˵ҶƽˣФǸ˷ǳæͷĹسϣҲһίˣſҲǡ
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Ҷ˵˵Ҷƽǿǿڲ絣είǣǿ˺ʵڣûҶƽƼŲߵλãҲεˡ
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æǰЩ˵һỰǣҪȥسǣлԼͲˡ
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ҶƽͰԼ˵һسǸȥˣسǵФкſҲںһ
سǣҶƽֱȥඨµľƵ꣬Ͳˣֻһ漴ɣôҲеͷۣ⵽س֪ˣ쵼һǾ͸ˡ
쵼ҶƽѾˣȻ˵ôҪʵϹŵĳźܶԴҪؿɾڹŵȨĺɲһĲӵеġ
֮ǺǺǵЦҶƽ֣ȻǷ̴ӣϴһƤװ׵ģü֮ԵúУ˿ûίǵϡ
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ҶƽҲЦŵõ¼ǱߵйǱԽԽˡ
⻰ǺܸˣŮûһϲ˵ģȻҲǲ⣬Ҷƽ˾Ƶİ䣬Ȼִһ绰سȻˣسܲߣһسˡ
һҶƽسǽҶƽ֣ҶƽҲǺ֣ܿȻϤһǸеһˡ
ФкſȻҶƽͬѧǰȴ¼վǲô˵ҶƽǺ󣬾֣˵ͷŲٵͬѧҲϵˣһЩڵλϵĲ࣬Ǻϵˡ
һԷҶƽģȻʱһЩ飬ҲŷչãҶƽܰͶʣǽһܺõ顣
ҶƽȻҲǲܾܾ˵Ҳһ⣬кʵĻᣬȻǽһЩҵǲǿ
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Ҷƽ˻һ֪ʲô˼˵ģֻҪһлᣬұƼ۴ķ涼Ǻģʵڵý뿪ҽԺֹô
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Ҷƽ飬ҶƽԼȴǸеԼ˽̫ˣȻ쵼ɲҲһͨˣҲ˵ҲȫյУĸ鲻ȫƲһߣʲôҲܣҲΪ˸˵һ˽ˡ
̸껰˱˻Фп²ҶƽʲôҶƽϰ࣬Щǲ󷽱ҪҶƽҶƽҪڱˣҶƽְֱڰʡְͲҪô鷳ˡ
ſû˼ڶԼ״Ƚ⣬ҲûŽôԴʱҶƽȫûҪҶƽæ뷨
˳극ԺҶƽǸǣȻ͸ϻؽʡҲûͣʱ¬ûأϽмһһЩ˽ˡ
ԴιԺ¬˹˸㷿ز˼ҵҪͽһڷزг˷ˣɳһҵ¬֪Ƣⷽδؾͻ˳Ǿܲס¬˹ľ֮ʣΪ¬˹뷿زҵһ
¬˽Լ˳ȽˣԼʱ¬˹ڳһǺеغͳȽ֮ǰҾʶٴμҲûʲôġ
¬˹һܹȽ֪¬⣬¬ȻڽʡˣϵͳһӰڵιȽҲС
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¬˳ȽĻоָĿҶƽֻϽпĻֻҪϽͬͿˣֻǼܶѣڵ֮Թи棬Ҷƽô졣
뷨¬Ҳûʲôģ¬˹ǲᵣʲôھͿοչⷽҵˡ
ȽܼԺ¬ظˣ飬˴ν֮еһĿģڿԲ
̸֮֮¬˹㿪ʼĦȭƣ׼һˣϽеķزǼңȽ˲ȫҪԳȽһ⣬¬˹ȫʡӰ˾ǿصĿһ¬˹ʵ
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¬˹ĵһǾ뷨ЩְǷٵңϴδһְûôֻ̫ССؽѵһǣڵ֪һС
¬˹ټԼµĵ֣ЩְļͥסַȻ˶סǣһǵĺĸѧУѧ˽ǵж켣ȻЩдֱ͵Щ˵ļЩְ֪һĺ
ЩְȻ¬˹ضȴЩְеĸƻЩ˿ܻɧŵǵĺӣЩ֪ǺѧĵطҲ֪ǼסЩһǵĺӾпΣˡ


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Сѱץסֻ뷨ҶƽòѶȴǱȽϴҶƽϾһĸ߼ɲһĸ߼ɲǸʲôѹ
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ҶƽӹĴ֮߳󣬾򸽽һС԰ȥ׼ɢɢȻ󵽸СϳԵ㷹˵ⶼ˲ŵ飬һȻַ뷨ᵽСȥԷ
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һֵҶƽ߽һͻȻǰһŮӣЩ¶һоŮǲʲô糾еŮӣôᴩô¶
ţҶƽͻȻŮԼǰվסˣȻתͷ΢ЦſҶƽһȥоŮӳе绨Ӻ濴ӰԣһǰǾǺˡ
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ŮӺǺǵЦ磬ʲôֲ㣬ѣ߰ɣҾԱסţˬҪǮ
ҶƽŮ˼ʹŪжˬҲȥץһȥɣ룬ȻҲ˵Ƕ㿪׼ǰȥ
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һҶƽҪѶըûʱȥʱֻǰĸ߿첽Ҷƽ̧ͷһоЩΣԼ᲻ʲôȦˣ


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ֳӣһ£Ҷƽߵɳѯң׼Ҷƽ¼ǼҶƽ׵ˣһߴߴ˵ͣȻǲ޾⣬׼ֵأ


834 ͵ɷʴ
Ҷƽֳȥһ䣬׼Ҫһ¼û뵽ո£ֳֻˣԭʡѩս˵绰ӵʡ칫εĵ绰֮ѩսϵգȻ֪һֳ⣬žͰѵ绰ֱӴֳˡ
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ֳһѩսҶƽ˵£Ҫٽһ£ѩսȴ˵ҶӸ绰
ֳֻý绰ҶƽҶƽһѩսˣǽѩսҶƽǹе˵Ҷû°ɣڹȥ㣡
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ҶƽҵģǱƷˣ˵Ҳûʲô£⼸򣬹թңùܹܡ
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ֳȴǲҪ£˼£Сָֻʾ˸ˣǼ˿˿Ȼһ˳ȥ˴绰ʲôҲû˵ˡ
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Ҷƽû뵽һ룬Ҷƽʹ绰ѩսһʵô£첻ǴӦôͻȻ˶ˣ
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һֽͣѩսصΪʲôȲʾ㱨һ£õõ˼Ҷԭ²Уô̫ˡ
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оԼĻˣѩսǳߣֳϽǼٸץúõһ󣬿һûзΪ
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һҶϵ绰ѩսͰѵ绰ˣһ´£һҪҶƽ⣬϶ԵùֵĹûãһΣգʡ쵼֪⻹˵ã
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޷һҶƽȻǼҶƽߣû뵽ѩսĽ˵̸ˣѩսһǼ˿»Ӱ쵽ֹһְµ绰̴绰ֳٰǼ˸Ūΰһ£ҲҶƽи
һֳȥæ£ʱǼ¬˹㱨˴жһͷ¬˹ѵѵҶƽһ٣ҶƽŪһϷŮɱ˴ĳȴ͵ɷʴףȴҶƽˣϷŮһҲѩսĽ룬ݲɣûӦеá
ǼȫǷΪʲôʱûӦ䣬·˺ƣҶƽһڵã˼ҸˣһǮҲò⳥²㣬࣡¬˹ʮߵָǼ˴
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¬˹ôһ˵Ǽ˾ʮȥɳˣɳǱǴҪҶƽǸ⳥ǵʧѣ͵ҶƽϷҸŮ
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ɶҲû˵Ͼ뵽¬˹ı֤⼸˾Ǻη˳Ȼ󾯳һ·оȥ


835 Ļ
ȵ⼸˽˾ʱǲŷһɳԲһ飬һͣ¬˹ûܱ֤ʲôҲûС
һСʱ֮¬˹֪飬֮ǰûк͹ϵãΪû˵ʵϾǼ˵飬߷գշôˣ˵޹أҶƽżϵģʹջĹҲ
⼸˱ͽˣŽæȥϵֵѣСͲȥ鷳ˣֱ־ֵ쵼ϵȡ콫Ǹ
ڰ˸͵ԺϽоֵĸֳСٻȥһ绰ǼѾͽˣǽгͷˣɧҶǡ
Сٻһַ˱仯㽫ҶƽҶƽԺȴȻе⣬Ϊ֪⼸˵һרթ˵ķӻǹģĿǰǰһȻкܴܣȴЩ⣬⼸ΪʲôŮղɹ³أΪǼеľԲŮӲɹʵʩթΪģ̫ˣ߼ǲǮˣԵ¶ҿȥǲµɳȥ
һ룬Ҷƽоڹص˲ûһ⣬ҿȥص˲̫飬ı
뵽ҶƽɵؾͳӰ˾صǵ̣᲻ǽļרŶԸԼģ
ʱҶƽ¬˹˽⣬ֻͨһЩ֪Ž˵飬ڳ飬пܸйأôɺϵԼôһ룬Ҷƽʱ׹ˣһڸ
ԼҲһЩûпǵٸԼ飬ԼĻֻҪ˸϶ġ
ʶ֮ҶƽҲǿʼһЩ˵棬Щ˿϶֮ǣҪٵգעһԼȫĻ˵
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룬ʹһ绰׼ԼҶƽԷҶƽúһ飬Ŀʡίǩʾ飬ΪӰ˾Ϸõ¶βָͣˣڵӰ˾ְͬˣôҪ
Ȼ֮ǰҶƽ֮ûʲô飬ϾϵеģǸСٻһ绰СٻҶƽڲڰ칫ңСٻڰ칫ңȻСٻҶûʱ䣬ԼԸСٻһǸֱҶϵ
ǹСٻϵһ£ʾأҶƽӦȻСٻڽĵ绰Ժ󣬾ȥ¸ҶƽˣԱҶƽһ˼ʱ䣬þǷӦҪ
ҲǹСٻҶƽʱ䣬Ҷƽ֪ԼСٻϵˣҶƽһӵСٻı棬üͷһһ£оԼԷ϶ΪӰ˾ص£ӦԷҪô죿
ٳٲ׼飬ƺҲʡĻȻܹȡʡĻ½⣬ͿԲصˡ
뵽Ҷƽ׼һ棬Ȼһ˵˵飬һ̬ȣʱĵ绰Ǵˣһͨ绰֮ǿһҶƽӦԷҪ
ϣרԼҶƽһҽ̻ԻʹƵȥԷҾƵʡǱȽϵĸߵҶƽֻһΣ֮ͱݻˣ֪ǣҾƵϰ¬˹
°˾ƵİԺѾ֮վƵģҶƽǰѷ纣ˣҶʡֱŵĸˣȻһԷȻҪ˶һЩҶƽҲҪһЩƵģһȻǲмܣҲҪ˹
֮кϾϲˣȵȻę́һĸɲˣę́ǲݣȻĻһ̫õдǻûκġ
Ʋһ֮ЦŶҶƽҶôȣ
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һ˵Ǻãһȵһ󱭣˵ҶǺǵҶȺã
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Ȼ뷨ȻҪֳѺõ̬ҪѾƺȺˣֻҪѾƺȺˣЩͷ˵ˡ
ʱҲ뷨ϣҶƽȻԼҪĻ˳£ֳʲôŤ
һͷҶƽһһ˴뱭ȥľҲǺҪȻôܵĻ׶ʫƪīͺȾҲ
ƹѲԳ⣬Ҷƽһڲˣ֪ҪԼ˵飬Ҳǵ˵
ȻƱҶƽҶٺһⱭЩ˵˵
ҶƽѾƱҲһˣ˵ʲô¾ܽء
оҶƽҲǺܿרŵ˵ˣǿģѱеľһ򣬾ǺȥһС룬Ȼ¾Ʊ˵ҶĻϴδǸ棬ҲǵӰ˾£Ҷ㰡
ֱ˵ˣҶƽķֺѻ˵꣬Ҷƽ˵ҲǷ㰡滹Ǵһ⣬Ҳ


836 ¬˹ķ
Ҷƽôһ˵üͷһʵҶ׻ʲô⣿ʾġ
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Ҷƽ΢΢һЦӱϿǽˣʵȴûн֪
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תһĽ֮ͣһǸеɣоԼĽͺдԣҶƽӦġ
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һǸоЩͷ󣬵ҲֻܴӦһӦǴ绰¬˹£׼¬˹鷳һˣЩְǩ֡
ǩ񣡡¬˹һô鷳׬ʲôǮһ˵Լͨ󣬵ͷһ㲻ҷô²ŸǷǩ֣Ҫǩɴһ˿صˣëң˭Ҳˣ
¬˹һӰԼıʸ¶˳˵ĻжԽ˲֮⣬˰ȫӸȴû飬Ҫ¸飬Ƿǳˣов֮⡣
ûϵ¬˹ʱתһ룬оģܿ⣬Ǹеѣ˳ˮ˳ô¬˹Ŀľʹˣ¬˹˴ĺܣҲǺĺܣᣬŲʲôݣ֮ġ
¬ҷ𰡣ֲ¸ǩ֣ھ֪ôôһ⣬ǲôɲٻˣ˵ʲô취һģɼһǩֺòãȰ˵¬˹˵
¬˹ȻǳջҲ˦˶ɵ˼һ뵽Ҷƽǹأ͸оǺѣڻҪͽһȥ
һ룬¬˹Żһ˵ܣҷ𣬶̫ˣǷ˾ţ֮Ūǩ֣Ҫǩǿ϶ǩҪʹֶΣһǸеҲ師پô죿
¬˹ĵĵطҲǾ師϶ͻִ׬Ǯ뷨ҲԵóˣԸЩְǩ֣ǿԼǿи֮ҪģȻûǵһ㣬ķԸʲôǩֱ֣̫Ϳˡ


837 
¬˹ǲͬȥЩӰ˾ְǩ֣һûа취ûЩӰ˾ְͷ¬˹Ըϣȷûа취
ʲôҡ֮Ҫʱó̴ȥ̸̸ȻٺǸֹܸһģǲҪҶƽĺƣҶƽ˼·顣
žһҶ˵绰¬˹滹ǼΪŭոͶ뵽زҵȥ·ѵԼʱ˲ãʵǲУ
¬˹˰죬ҲûʲôҶƽԹ԰˼µķҶƽˣǾǵòʧˣϾҳƣƲɣǳ˴鷳ǾǲˣڼҴҵ󣬿ԳһСһҶƽҶƽһ뷨Щ̫
¬˹ͷ侲ý跨ȥϵ¸ƽаҶƽϾҶƽ߸ɣһϰգҪֵķ̫
Ȼˣ¬˹ҪҶƽһ£ж֣ȵҶƽ治ʶһζص˱˵Ĳ·ǲк³ġ
ֶĵ뷨¬˹绰͸µһ˴˵绰飬עⱣܣһ˲˭ɵġ
Ҷƽ֮Ȼְ¸赲ˣûĻѹ͸оһЩΪǹѣҪʲôôġ
ðһ£ϽһزĿ̸㵽һʱ򣬱㽫˷زĿתøˣչ涨ǲת÷زĿģȨԾתˣϽйҲûȥ˾Ǿٱ˹˿׼Ŵһ£ʾϽй֣ǽв鴦Ͻйֽӵʾ֮ûˣȥһ¡
ԺҶƽ㰲纣˵һ£׼ԾЩΥߡ
ոհ纣֮ҶƽͻȻԼֻˣóֻһȻһţ֪˭ģǴһֻдһ֣ѵССϽȥ͹ԹԵǵĻ
һ⼸֣Ҷƽеһ͸ֱһŰ͵ϸؿַֿŵ뻹һصĺ룬һǽʡĺ룬·һթƭĶŵģƭӾֶᷢţ⵽ô£
Ҷƽ˿ţʵη壬֪˭ģʲôĿģ˵ҪǵĻ˭˵ԼѵΪʲôҪֻǷǳìܵ飬ԷҲǵ㣬Լǳŭ޲ɱԼûеԼ֣ȴֶԼֱɥĲˡ
Ϊϣ϶˺ܶ˵棬Ǳ˹Һ棬Ϊߣ˷ֶţȻѾǶͷˡ
һ룬ŸԷȥһ᲻˽ӣһ򣬻ͨˣǶԷȴû˽һٴ򣬽Էǹػˡ
Щ˸ҵԼĵ绰ҽӣ˵ԼڵˣŻ˭
ԽһҶƽž͸ԷһţдѣȻҷţΪʲôҽҵĵ绰ѵǾһĵֻҪǽҵĵ绰ұ׼ᱨҾ֪ΪʲôҪǵĻҪʲô
Ҷƽдλֱӷ˳ȥ뿴һһûлӶжǵʲôˡ
ŷȥԺ󣬹ʮӶûлҶƽſûп׼ٵһᣬǻûʲôӦǾˣ͵һɧŵĶţʲôҲͲˣұ˾֪£Ӱ첻á
аСʱҶƽΪЩ˲ҽĵ绰ҲضʱŵˣҶƽæճֻһֻԷȻ˶ţæ򿪶һֻдţԼ£ǲûеǺĵȰ㣬Ҫù֣ʲô£ʵǵĻͿ԰Ȼͱǲļ˶ûʲôô
һţҶƽĻʱˣ֮ǰûʲôоȴᵽļˣ˿ɲηκεвЩ˾ȻвļˣǾǴĵˡ
Ҷƽǰѵ绰˹ȥǶԷȻĵ绰ԷҲǷǳСģĵ绰˵ԷʲôˣֻţͰѺˣ治ò顣
Էǲӵ绰ҶƽԷһţдǾܿԳǸҶҵļˣҸұ֤ӵĺǣҶὫ׷ɱףҪʲô£ֱӸңвңǾǰ̴ˡ
ҶƽǺǿӲػţ֮ȥղǵĶŵ˵ʲôµ飬һʶǲ뽯ǵйأѵַʽԼ
Ҳֶ̫ˣǵΪǡǡԼƲ𣬶ʲôκεЧá
źҶƽǵȴŶԷٴλضţΪҲ˶Էһϣʾ԰ǰʲô£ֻǲ֪Է᲻ϵ
ȻʧˣԴź󣬶ԷҲضˣַţԶԷ̽Ǿ޻˵ԷҲǺܾĻᱩ¶Լһǲò֪ԷʲôˣֻܸݸղǻصĶţƲ뽯йˡ
ǲٻضţҶƽҲǷǳԵɵ˼Ҹвˣȴ֪˭һᵽļˣЩջ
һ룬ҶƽͼæҶһ绰ѰӵسסһӣҪٴũϼˣҶͱʾ֣ΪʲôΪҶԸ⵽سס
ҶƽǸҪʲôֻܰҪȥˣ費Ը⣬һҪ˵ǡ
ҶƽЩ˵˵ľٶũסЩȫسǣչһ£ȫһЩڽƼ֮£ĵϸسˣسǵĵλҲߣסǼҲǰȫһЩˡ
ҶֻðҶƽҪȥ绰ҶƽŰһЩԷҪԼļ֣ʹǷҲ޼£뷨ѶԷҳвģöԷǣűߣ̫ˡ
תһ룬Ҷƽûȥǰѵ绰˸ţ뿴һûа취ԷҳȻв


838 Ҷ
յţҶƽŴһ绰֮ûȥ£ʱӵҶΣϢһӵϢ㼱æ򾩳Ǹȥ
ҶԪϼ䲡ΣӰ첻СҶƽϸ˵˼ҶҵʹҲֻϵǻ֪ͨΪҶﻹǷǳģȥһǿ϶Ǳġ
˾ǣҶƽϵһҶΣȥǼרҽθ߲쵼ҽԺһ֮󣬾ͿҶҵĺö˶ˣҶҶһͷǵ˵ͷʾ˹
ҶᡢҶλҶŮԼǵķ˲ǰҶƽҲشкҶƽˣ˭ҲСҶƽҶŮҶüһһ˸еߵǰ֡
ҶΰҶվԱߣ¶Ҷƽ󣬾ǿһۣȻֻͷҶ
ҶڲǰҶ֣λϸҶƽǰҶƽͻȻ˫ۣҶƽڴͷһֻض˶ʾҶƽ߹ȥ
ҶһæҶƽƽһ¡
ߵǰҶƽӣصͷүү
Ŀ͵ؿҶƽҶѾ˵ֻһؿҶƽһۣ˵ȴǶ˶촽û˵Ҷ󣬶Ҷƽүүǳ㣬йһ棡
үүҶƽͻȻе۾ʪһӹҶĴǰһٶһҲȾŮһʱ֮䣬ȫ޲Ȼ¡
ҶͻȻ¶һĨο΢Ц֮ҽϣȷҶѾȻţһһꡣ
Ҷزڼ䣬͹쵼ȫҽԺҶָʾҽԺȫҶҶѾߴһһ꣬ٸҽƿƼҲûıһ״졣
ڶ죬㲥ųȫ˸ʾΰ˼ߣĹսʿҡ¼ҡμҶͬ־ҽЧྩһһꡣ
Ҷͬ־ɥίԱᣬҶͬ־׷׷ϣҶƽûг֣ҶƽҶŮǣҶƽûΪҶ׷ֳֻʽ׷ȥ֮󣬲ȥҶ
ھǴ죬ҶƽڿҶ֮ҪչһүүҶ壬үүҶΪҶȽĹȣչ˺Լүү
ȻȥƽƽԶĸףƽ˵ҶȥˣҲǷǳģ޸̾ţҲǲСˣۿһһȥˣеµ
ҶƽСƽҲǿģϣܼ̳ǵ־ѵ͹ҵҵãҸ
һҵķṦΰҶƽһֱǳǸ˵Եļڴˣȴǿޱȼǿ־Լõ磬սʤһѣһոµĹңǺεȵĹѫ
Ȼǰˣ˰ǰɳ̲ϣһҵΰ黳ƷԶֵѧϰģһҵķ緶ֵѧϰͻζ
ҶҶͲھˣҶƽֻúһҶ˼ȥҶ尲һ£ṩһЩķ񣬲䱸ҶǺһ룬ûпڣһΪı˽һѿڵ飬ҶûҪΪҶ岻һңܲĴϸĹ涨ġ
ʵҶϣõĴҶƽҲ֪ԼүүƢһͨϰʵҸҶˣǾͻũϼȥɡ
ڸĸһֱԼӣһΣҶƽƽѩСһصϼңƽѩҶȥȻû̫ĸоֲԼүүһ뵽ԼүүҲôˣһҪ뿪ǣͷҲһЩ˸С
ص˼֮ҶͻסԭסǸСݣΧھ˵ˣһܹҶһԭЩϻƣһʲ֪Ѿȥˣոȥģһ⣬ϾԵ÷ǳˣũҪһЩũûʲôҽƵĺ˲ҲȥҽΣˣȥҽԺһ£Ǹʱܾҩˡ
ƽѩͺһˣҶĹ򸾶ǳˣҶܷܷԼҲҶƽһһˣҶȻҲǴسǸ˹ͥһԲգùڸ˼ˡ
ҶܷܷԼѹѳø߸ߴģȥ˧ҲǺòҶƽھʱѾоȷʵܲŷǳҪĹҶܷܷ˵ҵһɾ
õѵļͥھһӰȻûƽҶôҲǲˡ
һڣҶ飬ֻһ죬ҶܷܷѾҪȥƽѩҲҪؾǣҶƽҪصʡȥֻҶũϼңŮֶȥģҲûа취ֻÿȥ
һ飬ҶƽصʡҲǾĬһʱ䣬ҶˣҶ˵ɲһ飬ҶҶ϶˸߲쵼λӣҶƽԶһξ֣ҶѾίǡʡίˡ
ҶϾʸһ鶼˵һڣȫҶҶ˵ʵˡ
ҶҵУҶκҶΰûн磬϶˴֮·һҶҶһݣҶҾûڹٳˡ
ΪˣӾ뿪ǰҶר̸˻úõڽʡӪβɻ֧ģ˵˼ȻǶҶƽһӣϣҶƽڹٳϳмҶҵĴͳڽˡ
ҶƽԴ˵ȻǷǳ⣬ûҰģҪмҶҵʲôģֻԼĹԵԼģȥһЩԲҶԲ£;ߵһνʵԼļֵҲһڹٳϡ
Ȼ룬ҶƽÿҶҵĹϵ⣬ֻҪڹٳϳɳ޷ҶҵӡǣȻҶңƽĹϵƽҵɫʸŨֻڲûֳڹٳǨĹ켣ֻҶҵӰӡ
һᣬҶƽҲǸܵһѹϾǨҪʡĸλˣǸеشλӣȻܲʡĸλϣڻһҶ֧֣ԼڽʡǨʡĸλӦ¡
ڸҪǣƽôؼʱƽһһǿ֧֡


839 ֳĶ
˼˰飬ҶƽܿͶ뵽øŵ˭ŵ飬ûеԷźͰֻĿˣͨλٸ鲻˭ĶţҪ˭ģҪþж෽λŲ飬һ˵ʾˣôĶȥ飬ŶԷҲֻǵ㣬ɧһ£Ҹж
Ҷƽû¬˹˷ŸҶƽֻвҶƽһ£û뵽ҶƽֱӸŵһ´绰µʱʮֻţһżæֻˡ
ȻҶƽָǷ˶ţ˹һֺֻ󣬼æ¬˹¬˹һӵҲǸе⣬ҶƽֱͲһ쵼ɲȻᷴǷţ´û
һ룬¬˹ʱͲ¸Ҷƽٷһţ˵ȷһ㣬һҶƽķӦҶƽָܿǷһţһ˫ǲ˻ŵĺûˣ¬˹ͻȻʶҶƽĿģǵĻæ²Ҫٷţֱӹػӵֻ¡
˰죬¬˹飬ûвҶƽãνηκ֮˼Ҷƽ̹̹ϲ̨С𲻵á
ȥ˾Ƿת÷زĿĵԱҶƽϢҶƽϽйʡ󣬽ΪĹ˾תҲ˵ڴӱϿתǺϷˣô졣
һϽйֲûв鴦Ĺ˾һĹ˾٣ҶƽΪջϽйڳ˺ĴˣʲôҵλˣΪĴڣԷڣ
ҶƽϽй־ֳеʡϽеĹ־ֳϽгˣʡһָʾϽйֲ鴦˾£Ͱ
ȻָʾҪܲҪʣ˾صӦһʡļ顣
ΪӦһ¾ͿԹȥģ˭֪ҶƽģȻֱɳˣǳջλϽйֳҲ̰˻㱨ָʾʡһϽּΪ׼
ʡȻϼλϽȴһźܴȨ˼гҶƽһϽеĹֳҲǸҶƽһѡ
ʡ鴦Ĺ˾ûϽָ֧鴦ȥҶƽֻýϽеĹֳй
ϽеĹֳ㣬Ͼ֧֣ҶƽʹҲûãϽйʡĹϵ㽩˶ѡ
˾ֳľҵ޹˾Ƿת÷زĿ֮ǰûоǵ׼˸ٱһȥ飬ȴǸ˺Ϸ֮ô£ϽеĹ־ֳҶƽֱ˵ʵ
Ҳ֪ҶƽĹٳƢǷǳǿӲǴʱϽеĹֳҲǵǳ㣬㰺ȻشҶľ˾֮ǰǿͷˣǸصǵΪΥɹ涨ٱ˿϶Ǿٱˣû鴦ǡ
ϽйֳĽͣҶƽɨһ۵ҪǣǺƵĲЧǹҪ鴦йҪϡ
Ҷƽ£ֱҪ飬ϽеĹֳɵˣҶƽҲ̫ϽйֺϽ˰ɣʹ֪ݣҲҪϽйֺϣҪ׷˰ɣ
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ҶƽһѾˣҵõκεĻľ˾ӷɹ涨ǲԲ鴦ԺԽִ淶򣿡
Ҷƽ࣬ϽеĹ־ֳλĹ治ͣ˼ţ¿õģҲܴӦҶƽҪ󣬷ֳǲҪˡ
Ҷƽ˵ˣñԼ̬ȣܹ˵ҶƽУһ±˵ҶҪҵͣʵǣǻȥͿԲ鴦һ˾ȻΪǹ淶ĳɼαطǵľ˾Ҷ˵ǲǣ
һϽеĹֳȻҪ˵ˣ̧ۣҶƽһ˵˾ֳ˵Ͻ֮źܶΥΪʲô鴦ҪȵоٱˣǲŲ鴦
Ҷƽһ˵ϽеĹֳæ͵Ǿһӣ˵Υأ˵Ҫ鴦һЩΥҵǻҵģľ˾ص֧ҵ鴦˵ľ˼
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ϽеĹֳҶƽɫ͸оһŲסҲǳ˵Ҷڹϵͳô꣬һ궼ȽϽйֵĹһ궼ûô˵ңǲ̫һЩҶľ˾ǲʲôƫ
ϽеĹֱֳ˵ҶƽˣʸҲǲҶƽһףһ˵Ҷƽ֪ϹţһҪУҲ֪֮ĹϵϽеĹȽǲϽй¶ˣȽĿ˻δؾʵӳһλĹˮƽ
λϽеĹֳһ仰ȴǻлȻڽҶƽľҶƽ֪⣬ɫصֻǾ£Ƚ˭Ҳ᲻˵ģⲻȥôҲУľ˾Υ˷ɣ˵Ҷʲôƫѵȥ鴦һ˾ǵöʲôƫĻǾͲҪȥˣҿڶԴϣƫҪˣϣվ
ҶƽҲǲػһ䣬ϽеĹֳǹҲסˣҶƽһۣ˵ȻҶô˵Ҳûʲô˵ˣҶҲҵҵ÷Ͻ쵼ϻʲôҪĻгɣ
ϽеĹֳⷬȻҶƽʩѹ˵֮ϽеĹֳתˣ˵ıӰҶƽ˼Ϊ˺⣬϶ҪԳಲˡ


840 
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еźܴѶȣҶƽֱв鴦ԺĹ˾һû뵽ڶ죬Ͻ˽һ˵˹˵Ͻ˾ķزĿת˽ͣ˾ԭķزĿתãǵõϽģʲôΥ飬ʡϽľάҵĺϷȨ档
Ͻһ˵Ҷƽʱɵۣ˵ϽйֶԺת÷زĿһΪôϽߵ˵ǶԺΥΪһϿɣҲ˵˾תΪõ׼ôͲһתõΥΪˣ
ϽΪ飬ҶƽҲǼʶˣٶԴ˰в鴦ǾϽľͻǿƣʡȻڲľ棬һûа취鴦ˡ
ʱ򣬰õʡǣʡǵķزгʡ֮ϵõʡǣҶƽ棬˼֮һҿһȿȡ
Ҷ磬ʡǣ뿪ʡǵķزҵ񣬶˵ʡǵˮܲȸҽһ£
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ҶƽĻõʮصҶԴ˳ֵ˼׼ֻҪܿ׼гټӵеۺʽǿʡǴһƬصġ
ҶƽЦһ£ĲͿ԰ãʡǵķزҵźۺʽ𣬶ҾҲǺܷḻûжپưҸղҲ˵ˣʡǵˮ²׽ҵȥ
õһüѵʡǣ뱳վȽŸѵҹƽ𣿡
Ҷƽ̾һ뷨ǺõģʵеԶӴЩǣһûһһ϶ҪʳһŮͬ־Ӧ˰
ҶƽĻõʶʡǸ㷿زѣعģȴǸеЩηˣ˿Ҷƽȴ˵Ҷ磬֧ңѵһվסŸ𣿡
Ҷƽ֪˵仰ͳԼ㷿زǲ֪ԼʡǵĴԼڵһЩ˵Ĳ·Ϊ˴򿪷֮ţȥƽشˣ
СףȻˣҲģԼܰȥǾȥԣҲ֪ҵƢҲȥΪ˭ȥ˽Ͼô˫۾ڿңΪ򿪷֮ţô˿϶ҲҴ򿪷֮ţĻҾûˣЩڶأ㻹ǿԼŬɣҲǰ㣬˵˳ʵĿꡣҶƽ԰õ˵
˿ҶƽõĿжЩ֮ɫҶƽĿޱȵĸߴӵҶƽȥȡκεıͿԿˣղֻһҶƽҶƽӦκε⣬Ͼ˼Ҷƽ;ҪԼɲΪԼһС˽ͰҶƽˮˡ
˰ĻõĻʡʡǵķزҵֻҪʡվסŸҵǸˡ
꿧Ժ˾Ƿֿ֣Ҷƽ뿪ԺǻԼס鴦˾ñȽƣȻ֪ûκεİ취ϾǸʡɲֱϽһܰ˼ô
˼죬˽г绰ԼԷһȥͨˮ΢˽õѾȥ˺ü£˵ЩΥɳĴˣǾ鴦ʲôȴǲö֪淴ȫֹˣ֪жԲߣ˭֪һʱҸȼ
Լ̻ԻʹƵ棬Ҷƽżһ棬˴ǰйҶƽ칫κͷֹصĸгˣһҶƽ쵼Է
֮󣬶ǰѴеĿĸҶƽҪչҪ֮һҪأָȴǲô׵ãʡǿֱӴʡһЩָ⣬ĵоҪʡˣҲҶƽΪܵܶӵԭ򣬵Ȼʡ֮⡣
˽еҶƽҲ˽⣬˽ΪϽ֮ĽʡڶУķչҲǱȽϵĿ죬չҪռúܶõָ꣬ⷽҪʡչˣϣڷõָʱ˽б
˽⼸ΥõȽأʡ鵽ǹϽҲǶ鵽ԴҶƽǳΪ˽ΥõӲ㣬ڹĻΥõء
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Ҷƽһ룬뷢չҪչǲһҪѧչҲҪǿѧչǾΥ˾ùɣİ£ڹҺûһ洦ֻ˷ѣӰ쵽Զķչ
ԣҶƽڶΥһǳӣһҪпѧĹ滮佨õָ꣬һǼӴΥõصĴȣִֹΥ¼ΪĿѧչԶչס
Ҷƽǵģǵطչĳ嶯޷ƣΪûɱȨʱں͵طвģʤȴЩ쵼ǰֵĵط
ȻطǳǿƲҲ빫ȻΥŻøõָ꣬ùŶ鵽ñȽϱʵҲ˼


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˾ϣǳ裬кҶƽ˺ȾƣҶƽʢ鵱Ȼǲþܾһʱ֮Ͼｻ
ڶҪҶƽȴ˽ΥأŸ˽õָ꣬бȻΪ²ƽϱأΪĿͱǰ˼ˡ
ȵɢȥҶƽļҶƽչˣ֧ĹҶƽӣֻӦӦţϳȻȥˡ
ڶ֮Ҷƽһ£˽нõָʵȫʡģ⵹ΪҪչˣΪ˽ÿõָ궼ģȫʡеķ
뵽ˣҶƽҲùˣǶ˽еһչ˰ɣΪ棬Ӷ˽еõָꡣ
õָķ䣬ҶƽеʱǱȽͷۣһЩе쵼ϣõָ꣬ǶΥõֲ֮ӣרǵõָ꣬ڹΥõأ
ȻЩҲЩƺû̫ķչ嶯ǼٵģӦûʲôȡĵĵ쵼ĵ쵼Ȼ˵ǾǺϸ񣬵ʡٵġ
û죬ٲȴʡǣҲϵٲƤǱȽϺĹϵʱʱȴˡ
Ҷƽһ˵Լ֪ʲôˣ޷Ϊٻҵ԰Ҫõָ£ϴȥ˵ʱ͹ԼǰᵽˣǺûȥ£ڴסˣԼˡ
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Ҷƽʵǵٲ飬ٲ֮΢΢һЦʾлˣʵٲ˴ʡǣҪĿĲҶƽʲôõָ꣬⣬Ҷƽֻǲ֪ѡ
ҶƽǸоһ飬Ϊȡõָϣٲ˿ûᵽҪȻЩٲҪصĻӦѴ̧ȡõָȣǲǴ֧¡
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˿ٲžʵٲʯĿҪ깤ˣ㻹й
һžʣٲʱһ˵һнһҵ԰רӪҵʽ𣬷չ׳һӪãʡӪ÷չĴͳⷽһŬһЩ
žǵ˵ͷоٲȻЩʢǹľͷеģϼҵһ󱲣ȻǾٸѹѹӣΪеίǰɡ
žǲ뷨ٲҲûٶ˵ʲôղžĻѾʾҪˣȥԺǵžİˡ
Ҳžڽʡٲһ֧֣žѾõҪʡȻǰҲίְʡίǵλҲһһ㣬뿼ǵβɵİţҪǰβɽʡίǵλӣžҲǻһǵʮ˾ӶߵĸܸˣҲίְҲֻһɶѡ
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ڴ̬֮žֺβһ£еİβɵȻҲпǣһֱίǣȻҪһܹȫͶ뵽еίȥ
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ﾴǵ֣еڰгʵҲԬٲìܣȶУôٲͲôίһְûлгһְ
ʡίԺʡί֯Եٲ˶˽ٲʱȻ־ȻгʱȨҲǺܴ󣬵ίǣǸоǲһп˵һ죬ȡ
Ҷƽ֪飬֪ٲίǵ£ٲҲȷʵһЩ£¹ǿƣطϻãıȡ˽Σ̫ˡ
ίǣӴ֮оʹͳ֮ˣҶƽҡҡͷһ룬ίǣٲôɣŪһЩĿѵĻȥٻҵ԰
Ҷƽŵʱû뵽ٲһίǣƾǲͬ죬ȫץǿĸʵֳԽʽԽʽչĿںţũҵҪͻƣҵҪ׳Ҫд콭ʡǳУҪڽʵȫGDPÿٷ֮ʮĿꡣ


842 κ
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гﾴѾӸгϲ˳гٲǿίǣûκм֮ͬһС࣬ȫٲķԸ
ٲûʲôأ鼸ֱǰйȻ֪ٲףﾴȴǲʲôøյϼгһְָˡ
Ҷƽ˽⵽ԺҲֻҡҡͷٲ˷гʱ뵱ίǵļңίʱȻǰгĻҲˣֻģȴǲ˵ġ
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Эָһ£һҶƽ˵ԼΣһֱֳӹЭָ£ҲҶƽϣĻҶƽһҪЭָ꣬ٵһҪܶ¶ίǰʾӣҲʡеӣڵãٲֱӴ绰Լˡ
Ȼ֮ǰٲ̸õָ£ҶƽȻܸоٲϵǿƣǰһʱѪչľͷһίǣȨգеǸطȫ˵㣬ʲôΥΥ
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ҶƽĻҲ⣬Ҳû񣬻ȥԺٲ϶Ҳ˰׼ֳˣˡ
ҪҶƽԷģҶƽе˼רһٷǶûܰæһֲɡ
鿴ҶƽӣҲǸеҶƽһˣֻûа취ûܰæġ
ͻصУȥԺ󣬾ٲ˻㱨ǣ޹ıٲȻûҲû˵ʲôʾ֪˾ȥˣһǳϲΪٲ϶Ҫ˵²ء
ʵϣٲû飬ȥõָˣǹΥõأǾǲֲˣҲΪûָ꣬Ӱ쵽ҵķչɣ
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һʡӰ˾ص飬ҶƽһӾʵ˭Ҫģ
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Ҷƽһ͸оԾԶ˾ôĹ˾ôȥҰõʡǸ㿪ķزҵ֮ǰ˵Զ˾ʡӰ˾أһֱûнԲȷԶ˾ҪԶ˾ҪĻͻȻҪõк϶Ŀĵġ
Ҷƽ߰õ˵оףð죬ҪٴʡӰ˾ص⣬ҲҪԶ˾Զ˾ƴ֣ȻǱ⣬ϣʶһ㡣
ҶƽһõһӾʶˣҶƽ˵ǣԶ˾ΪʲôҪѵʲôرĲܣȻˣһ룬;ʡǵЩӣʱ
Ҷƽּ⣬õܾ̾Զ˾ҪԶ˾֪˼ʱֳʧӣǰõ̬ȺܼǾܾǽϵˡ
ڹҶϵ绰֮Ҷƽȴ˼飬Զ˾ͻȻ֮Ұõ֪ܿԼĹϵõԶ˾кˣõȴǲ˽ʱͶʽˣȴŪأؼǿˣǰﲻõõҪشʧԶ˾ƾǿһģҿõʱ飬롣
һ룬ҶƽоΧƵӰ˾أᣬڼǵжˣԼٲǣǻʲôС缰ʱˣʡʲô֢
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ϣҶƽһӾ뵽õðõȥʡĻ˽̸УͬʱӰ˾ЩְϵֻҪⷽĹͻ˳
֮ҶƽǴ绰֪ͨõõǷĿģһԵȥ飬ֻҪʡĻѣһϲ൱ҶƽæܸĿǿʡطˡ
Ҷƽİ£õʡĻʱҲ£ýٴȥ͵Ӱ˾ְǩͬǽӦȴûˣһΪûʲôˣĿʡĻҲûʲô취ˣ׬ȡһǮģҲûϷˡ
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˰õҪòǽǵ飬ΪʡĻǺģڰõȴҪʡĻϵ
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ڰõʡĻúͽ˵һһ룬ͱʾԿǣҪͷһ飬ðõȴĻػ
һ˵õȻҪȴĻػڰõ֮뽯ϵ֪һ飬˵ҪʡĻô죿
һȻ˸ҴǵĻʳ׷˭ʲôͷ˵Ҷƽܵģֽаõһǰõʱ֪ôˣ֮ǰҲԶ˾õкģȻҶƽô죬õȴܾˣΪܾҲˣû뵽õȻʡĻ
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Ӱ˾ְȻҪпʡĻ쵼֪ҲǷǳˣһЩ¸ְϷõ飬ǾǸеǳͷۣڲ˵ǣһȡǵĴ֧֣Ҳʡȥǲٵ˼ˡ
ʾҪӴõ˾ȣʡӰ˾ĿʵָĹͬȡ˫ӮЧ
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Ҷƽ̴绰飬ⷽ飬ͱʾȥ˽£ʵĻᴦġ
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һһ˵гڻûȥأôд棬ʡ϶ǲǵġ
ﾴɫһ䣬˵㲻ԸдԺ˵ͬⲻͬ⡣
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һǣǺìܣ˿һﾴڣгҰǵҪȥд棬飬ҿɲеκεΣ


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ﾴھİţΪڿ纣Ҫ֮󣬸оﾴڿ뷨ﾴ۷ȥԼȥӴȺ˽Ǻ˵ʲô


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848 õҰ
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˰õĻҶƽзǲѾϵˣõ˵ϵˣǳٳûд𸴣ȽϵģɺͽегϤϤĻܴܲкеѺģзӦʲôҵϵķա
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Ҷƽһ£оҲǣĲó棬ΪõȥȡеĴҪԼŬ
ҶƽЩѶȣõһ룬ҲûȥҪҶƽʲôʵĿҶƽѾǰٵæˣȻ֮ǰҶƽԼȥʲôأʲôĿ
뵽õûȥ̸⣬ºȥһˣҶƽ֮һȥегѾгˣгʼǲɿڣ֪ﻹûλ˵егõʲôôҶƽǾ䲻ҪлߵĻԸȥглߡ
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егԸõǷǳΪегǹŪ飬ƭѣегҲǲñ⣬ˡ
뿪гİ칫ңõǳɥ룬ԼǵùҾ㱸ˣȴû뵽ڳ飬еĴǴǿǰˣǰѾôĴۣȴǳٳٲܿ裬˶Ʋ
ҲҪõͻȻеглߣһɫҲνֻҪܴϾдҪȥϵĸҪõĶࡣ
ԴոͷõԺһҶƽӰܲȥҶƽҶƽ֪ˣǿ϶ܲ˵ģ˵ԺͲˣΪȥûеߵȥ¡
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ԷȥֻһֿܣǾег˼˵ҪϽŵĹϵֻΪάŵĹϵŻ־ܾǵľ
һõ֮͸оϾٳϵûоǵҲ֪ʲôԭ״ˣ쵼дкˣк޷顣
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Ҷƽһ룬оҲֿԣҲ˵вţǹϽҪǲҲģſڵ䣬ǵҲûٸָ
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ҶƽǶеĲųеȴǽ⣬޷вôΪ£ȥϽףǲðõͳ˳ĿΨһİ취ѰʽԴʱҪ죬ϽҲ޹ء


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绰Ȩϵӵĵ绰֮Ȩ嵹ʮֵĸˣҶƽһ֮ȻҶƽΪЩˣûô⣬ҶƽרŴ绰õزû˵Ӧõ¡
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Ӱõ˳ǸɵģϽί鳤־егһ绰егǵϽ֮Ĺϵͬ־ҪȻǾܾ˰õĴҪ
һн׳н۰õεõĿûʽעһжã׼õЦʱȴǷְõѾʼ׼ˡ
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ԴӸҶƽҶƽ֮ĹϵǹϵҶƽ˽¸ȥ죬Ҳ̫ӽҶƽȥԲҶƽĴԾӣΪûĵʹţҲ
ҶƽĻæͣؿŴ⣬ҶƽܴǲˣýԼı֣ã飬Ͳܹˡ
˾Ҳǣе쵼ר˾ҲǺţƵĺܣһ˶Ҫ˾Ͼ쵼ߵ̫˾쵼ǰ˵ĳ˵Ļô˾ͻᵹùˡ
Ҷƽ˾ȴǴҶƽ˵˵ʲôҶƽ˾Ҫһģ˾ǿԼĳصķһŲҪԣҪҪͼͶȡɣ˼
ҶƽϸҪ󣬿˵ǳģ˼˵˵ӦҶƽߵ飬ʲôôҲò
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ڳһ·ϻһЩ飬ȵ·һʱͻȻʶҶƽǲҪȥ΢˽ȥˣϴȥͨˮһʲôҲû˵ƺϴβࡣ
ĿǣҶƽ΢˽õ׼ֻҪҶƽԼһȥһҪţҶƽʲôΣգϴȥˣԼڳϢţȻҶƽʱ˵ȥ
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ԺҶƽ˾ڱϢ˾֪ҶƽʲôȻЩ֣ҲǲҶʣֻҶƽķԸڱϢ
ţҶƽͺͷ˳Ȼ뷨һ⳵ĳ⳵Ҳǻῴ²˵Ҷƽͷ˲ͨϰգƴһҶƽˡ
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Ȼ˵Ϊ˹£ҲǿԱģҲһǮúĵ˾׬ȥˣҶƽͷ˾ǻһ˾ʵҪһļ۸ȻĿĵʻȥ
⳵棬Ҷƽȥ֮ôȥ飬ýһȫˣû뵽˾ȴڳੲݣ˵ͣһ˵̰ôһ˵Ǹ̰ôٶ̰ģûһõģ⻰˵÷üͷôôôƫ֪ǰһԱ


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һǲȥӳ⳵˾ˣԸ⽲ɣ˵Ҷƽ˳⳵˾Ļ֮һЩµ뷨ء
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˵̫ƫҶƽЦʵô֪˼Ҵɲ̰۴Ǯˣ˵⻰Ҫ֤ݵġ
⳵˾һϷҪʲô֤ݣ㿴һ˹٣ǾǳԺõĴõģǮǴģ̰ģǴض࣬ڶǸаˣǲԸаУ˵ｲȥ
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˳⳵˾ĻǻȺھͷȻҶƽǽ⻧ȺڵļУȺںҶƽЦ֣һǺš
ȺҶƽ˵껰֮󣬾ͽҶƽһ飬Ҷƽת֮ǰǼĶأһЩʳʲôģûת˼Ǵͷȴת֮󣬿ֲһЩֵǮũһĶؿԶ׬һЩǮֻҪÿȡаͿˣٳɻ
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ջ֮ǼкҪ飬ǲǺӸͬ飬ȻǼһôһ֤ð£ĸɲǲǰ죬ǼҸеòơ
ȥ֪ΪǼҲϴ﹤תԵʣڼ˵Ȱ˵£ֻͬ˴Ҫ󣬰תȥˣЩóа˸ֳȥˣʲôũضøƻˣǾǰѵҪҲǻָˡ
⻧ȺھǰҶƽһ飬ҶƽһǸоתȷЩˣҲǾǿȵΪũתˣϼ߾ģٱ˵ʵġ
ʵʱҶƽ÷ż¼ȥ߲ɷһģоҶƽƺһߣ൱ڼˣֵ鷨ǰδţ˵ֻҶƽ뵽ôɡ


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֪֮Ҷƽٱоٱʵģ¼תϲȡһЩǿȵĴʩȻ˵ڷ·𿴲ʲôΣ˰˱ЩȺҲ˳ܾˣеЩسʲô⣬羭Ӫȥˣı;ˣЩؾ޷ָԭ״ˣǸʱȺڿ϶᲻ݵģʹڣʶɲʱǿҲἯ淴ӳȺԵ¼
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˽⵽֮Ҷƽô죬ھȥǻȥԺʡ㱨ʡδôǿȵõֹȺѡǷתũ°ǿȺתص£ⲻһȺԸ⣬һҪ⣬ũӣΪΪũκε⡣
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⳵˾վҶƽԱߣһЩˣϾɵˣæҶƽˣ²ˣ
ҶƽһĿƽؿЩܹˣȵЩܹ󣬾ָҶƽǸʲô
ҶƽȺڵĹ̵Уһɲ⣬Щɣǵ֮ǰȺڼȥһ⻧ȺȻ֪ܰѼߵ˵µģ˴ɲĻɣȻڴɲ׷֮£˵ʵ飬׵ģס
ɲһʡļˣǾһæȥߴǣҲ֪ߣһ˵ˣǻ񣬼æ绰ͷͷһӵ绰ҲǽŵҪ֪ʲôһ˽תǸһæȥ
ڱͬʱĸɲһܹ׼Ҷƽ˸סˣҲü߰ͱȥ뱣֤κ⡣
Щһܹ֮󣬴Ǻĸɲһ߹ȥָҶƽҶƽǸʲôģȻѾ֪ҶƽǼߣҲթһթҶƽҶƽǲļߡ
˹Ҷƽؿǣǻô죬ʱЩţŴ绰ȥͷһóʲô飬ͷȴǲ֪ЩһȴǴ˵׼绰
һ˵ʱסˣЩѵôҪ
ҶƽһЩЩ̫Եǻ˻֣÷վһȥȥʲô绰顣
˿ҶƽȻվһȥЩ˿Ҷƽ󣬸оҶƽ治һˣ˵Ǽߡ
һ룬ǴǾǰǸʲôģΪʲôط
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һҶƽȻ̴صģǴǣ㵽Ǵʲôģ
Ҷƽ˿ŶһǴǰǾͺˣҪȥˣ鷳Ǵˣ
ǲǼߣһҶƽɵӣǺһ˾ָҶƽ
Ҷƽתͷվﲻɫô죬һҶƽΪ˵ǲðߣð߾͵ðץ
һ˵⻰ֳնʱ⳵˾Ǽæ߹ԲǼߣˣǹġ
̵һۣ⳵˾ǼæһߣҶƽĻ֮󣬱˵Ǽߣôţ
һҶƽǼˣ˵ȻǼߣͰѼ֤øǿһǲðģ
ҶƽҲøǿأ
Ǿò֤ðģɳץ
ǷǳţҶƽЦһҸǣǲǼߣǶȨץҪȥ
Ҷƽһ˵Щȴ߽˼˵㲻˵뿪ǲ
ЩᣬҶƽ֪ƽʱĵˣԴһˣǸ˵Դͨİˣһ룬˵ٲҿҪˣ
ð㱨㲻һᾯҲǾǵЦɲҲǲЦĸɲֻǹôɲǰͷýʲô⣬ǺöΣǲ˵
һӣҶƽеԼ߲ˣվںǺܼǱݣȴֹ˷ԼţǴ̾ͻɵˣҲпܲԼһܻӣ粻ǣܶԴԼô
Ҷƽ˿ǣʱˣô죬ЩһҶƽҲˣҲǱԼߵݣƺˣǱߵһ绰㱨
ʮӣԶһӳ죬Ȼطĸɲһ죬㼱æ߹Ƕһ£æͷ߹󣬱ǶҶƽ鷳ǵɳһˡ
ҶƽһʵΪʲôҪȥɳҷ𣿡
һʱ˵˵Ǽߣò֤ǻð侯죬Ҫ㵽ɳһµ飬ϡ
Ҷƽʲôʱ˵ǼˣҼʹǼߣҲȨ鿴ҵļ֤ûзʲôȨҡ
Ҷƽôһ˵һ㶣ʵ˵㲻ǼߣǸʲôģ
ҶƽʵڵҵΪʲôҪҵݣ
оҶƽڲʮ˵ҸоҶƽӦǼˣһˣǷǳµģҶƽǣǸеЩѹˡ
ǻðթƭǮƣҪݣ㲻˵Լݣͱ뵽ɳܵ飬ûΪȻ㡣һ˵


853 ˾
ƺרҵԣҶƽԼıЩˣ˼ԼԼҪǲȥ˼ɳһˣʵǲò֮
һ룬ҶƽɨһˣͻȻЦҽ첻ȥǲˣǺðɣҾ͸ȥɳһˡ
Ҷƽһ̬ͬȣ˿û÷ɣͷŵҪ֪ͷߣһһ˿Դ⣬ҶƽʲôƣǸˣˡ
һҶƽԸȥɳȻͲٺҶƽ˵ʲôһҶƽҪȥɳҶƽӦҪȥģͷֱ֪ȥɳô죬ֻЩҲô¿ɸô죿
Ҷƽͷһ˾Ȼɳʻȥ˳֮컹ضסʲôСҶƽǸеЩЦ˷ԼξߵģξȴûѧãԼô˾ѵԼЩˣ
λͬ־ҿǸղŵĳٶЩˣƽʱǲûǿⷽѵҶƽһ£ͻȻЦŶ˵
ϾһȻҶƽĻûܷӦټʲôǣҪ£ǣǳûʲôϵǳˣʲôӰ
Ҫ˵ɳ˵ʱ򡣡һǺضҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ΢΢һЦúúãɳˣ
⻰Ƿ˵ģȴûеʲôֵֻһۣû˵
һߣȻޱȵżǿҶƽûʲôҲͽƽҶƽǹɳҪôˣǿ϶ǳԲ˶ߡ
ܿ͵ɳҶƽ³Ȼͳɳȥȥ֮ҶƽͱһȻǰһӡ
˵ɣ㵽ʲôˣΪʲôҪطʲôһ£ҲֱӶҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ˿ǣ˵֮ǰ˵ˣûзûʲô˵ģڰǷϷɹ涨
һ㶣˿Ǽߣ˵һһ׵ģСƬ㲻˰˼һʣǲûشˣ˼Ҽ߿϶Ǽʶ㣬ɳҲһʲôܿµ£˵¡
һһ룬ͻȻӣָҶƽ㣬ǣʵشǵĻͱˣ
ͻȻ쭣ҶƽذĿתƺ޵ֱ󱳷˵ǸʲôģʹǼߣǼߵ쵼ɣ
֪֪ʲô참־ûн̹ΰ참𣿡ҶƽͻȻֱӰѺ־е˵
Ҷƽ÷ëһҶƽͻȻ־ͷһӸеǳ˵ʲôˣȻֱ־е֣ѵʶ־У
־ȻίίǹֳǶͷ˾ʱ໥һۣȻתͷҶƽ۾ͣ˸оʻˣʶ־УҹϵܺãǽǴˣǹ˵ŻҲҪȵʵ֮ʻȻŪһͿǿǵòʧˣȻԸģʵܹܵǣع쵼ͷҵǵˡ
һ룬ղǳҶƽľ죬ת˳ȥһ쿴ҶƽҶƽƽҲǲȥҲʲʲôҶƽ˵һ٣ȥؾֻ㱨һ£Ȼ
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ǹԼȴʲôҲû˵ֱߵԱȥ绰ȥˣ绰ʱɳһǾһСγͷˡ
һعֵˣһعֵĸֳһί칫Һίˣһί츱Σһί֪Ǽߣ˿϶ҪһһҶƽǲļߡ
Щ³󣬾˹ĸɲ˹ǱҶƽ绰˹һؾֵˣͲõˣؾֽдˡ
ûʳʲôһ˵Ҷƽᵽ˺־УǵҲһæߵݵԱߣĵ濴ȥһҶƽʲôǲʶ
һгعֵĸֳһҶƽǰо־ֳ¼ίĸκĸоҶƽеǰ쵼ô£
֮󣬴ǰûнӴҶƽֻڵͷҪ˵ȷҶƽʲôˣǻ治ȷһӴҶƽҶƽȽϤһҶƽ
سίǿ϶ʶҶƽ֪£²ȥҶƽʲô鷳ֻһְλЩ͵˹һĻ˵һЩ
һ룬ҲֻعֵľֳһˣΪ⹫ֵľֳԭоɹģ϶ʶҶƽһ֪ˡ
Ҷƽ֪淢ʲôҲе㷢ƣǿ˵˵λͬ־ʲôʱߣһмأ
쿴ȥ컹ûͷҲЩһ룬Цվȱ𼱣ٵһɣȸˮȣ
Ҷƽˮǰ˺ܿǵﲻһ˿ҶƽһǾǲˣҶƽ׽˵׳һЩء
ﵹˮҶƽȴţԼݱ¶ô죿ϾԼĹģݱ¶ˣί֪󣬻᲻ٲﾴ֪ô룿
Щ뿼ǵģõ˸ǰȽϱʱˮҶƽҲû˵ллҲ治Ӧллλ죬ǣ˸ûȨ
ЩﶼǸ߸ϣҲʵΣҶƽˮ֮󣬾ЦҶƽ˵ͷҪҶƽ˼
һĻҶƽﲻЦһ£ˣӣ㻹һ㣬֪Լǲļھ˳Ļ˵ȥζԴһߡ
Ŷô߸˰Ҷƽװ֪ͼĵ˵


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ЦЦͲ˵ҶƽȻҲٺ˵ҲĿԼҲЩ֣ǷȴǾɳû뵽ǣ⵱ֳ˻һνɳ
аСʱعֵľֳڼææؾˣ֮Щ˱㼱æȥһҶƽǷʶ
عֵľֳ߽һϾһͷҶְô
һ仰ǾɵˣҶƽڿʡǸɳô죿ҶƽҲǵģôðߴ뻧ظʲô飬ΪҲ̫·˰ɣ
˶ʱعֵľֳҲǲǰӴҶƽϾйֹҶƽȻʶȥҶƽҶƽ϶ɫĵϣҶƽܵίκܴ󰡣
˼æһ飬ǵļ̫ͣǾǹȥҶƽҶƽҲǣ±ίҪ쵼㱨֪£Ȼ
Щһӻ񣬼æίǺس棬֮ǰֻΪмǰȻ׾ίҪ쵼ίǸ֪طһӵ绰˵ҶƽطˣһţΪЩ˵أҶƽǹˣͷ϶֪ͨôֱط
һλҪ쵼ͬ־ǲţЩ˲ûæѸղŷ˵һ飬ڽţЩ˵ʮӲŰ齲ȵλҪ쵼ôʱҲǾˣ̫ˣҶƽȻðߵʲô
ȷҶ𣿡Щŵһ䡣
ͷ̴ȷɣֵϾֳˣǧȷ
һίǽ飬һô죬ȻίҪ쵼ˣ˵ļҶƽǰǲ˹ȥҶƽ²ǵӣͰˣϾɳ˼Ҷƽصɳ¿ǲС
һϼƣָͷ㱨·ǳش㱨ʲô⣬˿ҪеΣڸͷͷ׸ô졣
һͷ㱨һ棬ҲøϹȥֳһһǰֳڳҲǲͣ¸ô졣
鵽ͻȻ˵ǣҶð߹ģĿǰΪֹ֪֪ݣȥԺֱȥĻǾǰֽ˺ˣһҶƽǶÿǺβɳҶߣȻװ֪ô
ͻȻ⣬ίһһҶƽڵĴЩΣǵ֮ǺΣ˫Σװʲô֪ҶƽˣڷҶƽ֮󣬻һǾʱˣҲﱨˣͷҲûʲôָʾҲ顣
һ룬ͷһ㱨⣬ʱгﾴѾ֪飬Ÿô죬һ룬ٲһ绰Ҳٲһ飬ҲһʱסˣҶƽզЩȻðѵΪص£
ٲ΢΢Цһ£ͻȻоҶƽе˼ˣһ룬ðһ˿Ҷƽͷ㲻ðھͰðô졣
һǣٲͶﾴڵȷҶƽ
ﾴڵû㱨ģӦ
ٲҿδأڼٵĶ̫ˣЩ˾ϲðĴҡײƭԸ˺úһǸˣǲðļߣҶƽǹôȥðߣһҪ֮һ㱨
ٲҪһҶƽﾴһҲüͷǲҶƽѵ¼Ǳ߻ŪڻҪù˵һ£ô飬ҶƽԭǹһιеĹֳ¼صĹֳϲ£ϲȥҶƽ𣿼ֱΪͬ־
ǣȷҶƽ¼صĹֳԭйֹӦʲôǷҪٵһ飿ﾴڳڴֿǣԸøӸӣԱٲ
ٲһﾴڲͼֽ飬̲˵صҪȥһˣһǲҶƽǣҶƽҲ̫صˣǣǾ͸ð죬ùд鲻Ҫһ㱨
ٲʹ˼ﾴ֮ɶҲ˵ˣҶƽٲ֮ìܣڷ飬ٲƺű˼ǼʹҪҲӦҶƽǵ˽ˣ϶һЩ飬ʱӦȥֺһҶƽȡƽŰ취ȥҶƽٲƺ޿֣ȥĲʲôгҲʲôˡ
ﾴ̾һһ룬Լȥһˣôܺٲһʹ뷨ˣȡҶƽ½⣬¸ƽȥ
ҲҪǰ¼صʱĵ绰ˣһ飬ﾴһҲеҲֱȥɳҶƽһɳҶƽãҶΣǾ͵ñʹһƣȡҶƽɳȻ뷨׷ҶƽҶƽһ棬ʾһµǸ
ﾴڱͬ⣬ﾴҲҪǵȻӴ£æ绰عֳɳҶƽųǲҪҶƽ֪֪˭ˣҶƽ֪֮󣬲Ը뿪ɳˡ
ӵ绰Ժ󣬹ֳøղȥҶƽˣһҪͿģҪҶƽʲôίҶƽ˳˳뿪ɳ
һ̻صҶƽķ棬˿Ҷƽһ룬˵벻ǼߣȻߣǾͲΪˣ߰ɣ
һ˵ҶƽĿһ֪ʲôǸûпԼνļ֤֤ܲԼһߣǾȻ˵ԼߣͲϳ̨£˳Լˡ
Ҷƽһ룬㿴͸£뿪ɳģϾҲ뱩¶ݣڿݿѾ¶ˣȻ첻˵ı֣Ȼطϵ˶ԼϤͷ˻жԼϤģǰй۲Լ֪Լݣǿ϶ܳԾȻŰԼųȥͬʱֲ棬Ӧǵ̡


855 
Ҷƽôһ룬ߵķԸˣԼô岻׵ؾˣһ̧ͷ˵ǼߣҾǼߣ˵ҲǼߣҾͲǼߣѵǼЭģ
ҶƽͻȻôһ˵ĿɿڴҶƽ⻰˵ģǲýӰҸղֳ˼ǰλһҪչ˺ˣ˼ܵ˿ίһҪͳɳҶƽͻȻһ˵ڳǣǵİ
һһ룬æͷЦͬ־ῪЦôǼЭģղȫһᣬڿˣ
ĻҶƽɫһ˵ҸǣʲôᣬǺ޵ذ뵽ȻͿߣǾҺܺ۸ǰɣ
һҶƽЦ˵ģ۸참Ǿ飬һߣھͿˣȻûгǿɳߣ
СӦţҶƽ룬ȴվ˵Ǿֳң
Ҷƽ֪¼صľֳԭоֹҲһвĸɲߵξֳеԼܾԵ޹ʵˣԼݿ϶Ѿ¶Ȼ¶ˣǾԹɣҪˣֱҪǵľֳ
һҶƽҪ˵Ҫǵľֳʱ۾ţȻ˲ҵҲôſھҪǾֳɣ
һɫҲǳ˵ǾֳģںߣҪǲߣҪ߲ˣɱǡ
Ҷƽɨһۣ˵ʲô˵һ뿪ǵĶˣ
Ҷƽŭ쵼ͷһ켱æܳȥعֵľֳʱίѾˣһһҶƽҪعֵľֳ̻ˡ
ǣسǿô죿Ҷֳȥ϶Ҫˣλ쵼һȥɣعֵľֳίȵ
عֳĵӣίҲǲôڣϾҶƽԭιгҲǵ쵼ǰЩҶƽͬ¬ȥһпܵҶƽ
ϲܣȥ̽̽·ȱ˵ǹˣһҶ̬ȣһǾ͹ȥôعʱҲˣعַвԸԼȥ
ίҲ˼ܾ֣ȥһ£ҶֲǵҶֳˣʲôֲ£Щ¸ɵģһ¾ˡ
⹫ֵľֳһǲǰλνίҪ쵼ϣûѴҲҪϣǺöں˵£ȴǲԼȥ˵ԼĻ»Ϊӵطίɵģ
ûа취¼ĶֵϣֳҪίǺسģԼӲͷƤȥɣʹҶƽѪͷҲֻˡ
عֵľֳ˹ѺҶƽǸſڣ棬һˣæ˹ʱû¶棬ĵؿһҶƽֻҶƽƽʱоһЩֻҪҶƽԼĻǰмӣֻҪȥ϶ǲܴˡ
ǳȥɣعֵľֳһʾһ⣬ǳȥˣȻһƿţȻ͹˽ȥ
Ҷƽصع־ֳΪҪҪСʱû뵽ʮӣͿ⹫ֳˣ˵֮ǰֳѾˣû¶档
Ҷֳ쵼ãعֳһţǰһϹϾӣܵҶƽǰ
Ҷƽһ̧ۿ˫ץסӵķ֣ؿعֳ֣ûعֵľֳߵǰҶƽ˿ӣһʱ˫ţһΡ
Ҷ֣Ҹոյ֪Ҿ͹ˣû뵽ᵽعֳޱȵؽţȻҶƽڸܲҶƽϵǷϣȴ޷һ˿뷨еһձĸо
û뵽ĶˣҶƽڿ˿ڣ˵Щ£ףǰ˴ɷϷɹ涨
عֳһҶƽ׷æϵҶ֣ǵʧҴǸϹǵĽգ
ҶƽһۣһЩʧȨѾʲôֳҾһͨĹҪظǵΪҲҪĵǸҲҪǵĵǸҾ֪˭ôɵģƽʱôҪ񾯵ģصĲңǻ˳𣿡
Ҷƽ⻰һعֵľֳϵĺͳˣµľҶƽȻҶƽѾǹֳϰڳƺҶƽΪҶֳΪҶƽйֵӡ̫ֱҲ޷
ҶҶֳҲ֪ǹѴеʱǵñҲǰҪµģƽʱ񾯵ҪҲǷǳϸġعֵľֳɵؽҶƽš
ҶƽĿȻ֮վ˵Զͬ־㲻ҪţѾǵľֳˣͨȺڵʱҲ˽ŵĻǾ˵ĹѾˣȻǡǡ෴ҵʱ򣬷ǳţֻΪǵϾֳڻʡ˵ţ쵼Ҳţǵǲ֪ʱǿɻţеʱǰһЩߵˣȺڵʱǱýţţù׳Ⱥڵܵʧ쵼ϼʱûʲôɽŵģֻҪԼˣ̹̹ˣʲôɽŵģֻƽʱŵˣ쵼ʱŻţ㹤ûãܲˣһҪԼλð
Ҷƽһ˵عֳǵͷվǶҶƽ뷨;˺ܲͬҶƽǰֻķݶĻʲôɱģ
˵ҶƽĿһͻȻ˵˵㣬㲻ҵɣľֳ˵һ䣬㲻Ϊǰʲô쵼Ӱɣֻһͨݺ㽻һ£ϣʶһ㣬ϸշɹ涨£ȺڣάȺڵȨ棬еȨΣȺڵ棬㶮
Ҷ㽲ĶԣⷽĹûáһҶƽ˵عֵľֳæ˵


856 г
عֳԼǰʵʵӣҶƽʱƽϢһ飬񾯵ΪҲȫԼĪĹϵʹҲֳֻֻùֳףζԴȺڣȺڣǼԼһԽʯ
عֳ˿ҶƽоҶƽһЩСĵǰʵҶ֣ҪҵسǰɣһЩ
һ˵ҶƽϾĿģعֳǰ̫ʹҪ뿪Ҳعֳʱ뿪ΪݼȻѾ¶Ͳ׵뿪ɳʸȥˣܳȥ
ԶæԼİɣúõؾһʱ뿪Ҷƽضعֳ˵
عֳһӾסˣô죬ȥҶƽôˣΪʲôԸ뿪ɳأоЩ죬ǿҶƽᶨģ֪ôȰҲǰ״ٺίسһ¡
عֳźҶƽȻ˳ȥȻȥίسǺ󣬾ǰ˱һ£һһе鼬ˣҶƽ뿪ɳ˵û꣬Ҷƽؽɳʡͷ֪ˣ֪ʲôȻعֳЩţίҪ쵼Ͳ
Ҷƽ϶ǹ͵͵תģڳ£϶Ҫʡίʡ¼λί٣϶Ҫ鷳ġ
ǣسҪ˹ȥ˵һ˵ҵӣҶֳ˵ǵӣعֳԶǶ˵
˲ԶĻüͷһ˵˿ҲðггǲҪȥһҶ
ǳί˵ģίһҲ˼һ£˵Ҫȹȥһ°ɣϱüţȻгˣŪгҲÿ
һ飬˾ڲԶͬ¾ҲҶƽķ䣬ҶƽϢŤͷһˣһ̿ԶȻǵλһЩԭȫϾʱֻǳггǣȫɫɫҪǺɫļǰҪһµġ
ҶãðˣίǺһ߽ЦҶƽʺͲԶһǫ
ӣҶƽƽҲûȴûбֳӣߵһӵķ֣ͻȻ״Ȼ󳯸ںĲԶѽλ쵼ĴˣԶҲǸ˵ҪֻﾲһȾˣҾˣ
Ҷƽǹм֮£ίǶʱеͨ죬ͣصǸҶԲסˣԲסˣǹʧҶίˣ
Ҷƽһȴװ׵ӵʲôίˣںܺðλ쵼Ƕˣȥæǵģ뾲һȾҾˡ
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ﾴʱѾ쵽ֳˣӵ绰Ժ󣬱ǸϾ͵֮顣
ʮӺﾴڵĳڵֳӳίǵ˼æǰӭӣһʵҶ棿
ίǱǰҶԸ˵Ҫ氲һ£Ȱˣٳ
ﾴڲһЦҶƽҲǻ£ٲһЩʱ䣬û뵽˼ҶƽûеѹĲһԱȣٲؾǱҶƽԶˣû취˼ٲίǣ»Ҫ˼ҵġ
ﾴһ룬һ˵һȥһҶǲҪȥˣ⣬ǲǶ˼Ⱥڻʲôˣ̳׼ˡ
ﾴҲǴӻˣ²Ҷƽ֮ͷ϶ҪȺڲȡʲôʩȥһʣҶƽʲôˣĻҶƽ֪˿϶ܲˣڱ밲źãҪó顣
ίǺ˼æӦһȥţһû̸ڰ֮ﾴһ룬ҲȥҶƽˡ
ﾴһߵǰһ룬ΪгҶƽļͬȻ£ҪһǸ⣬ֲܹʧݣҪһĶȣҪҶƽĳ⣬ͬʱҲҪֳһţϣδȫǵĴѵҶƽûʲô𣿸Ҫð߹飬β֪ͨǣȻһأ
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Ҷƽһ̫֣תԷˣﾴڱ̸ЦҶƽ˵ģû뵽̸Ц䣬ûյҶƽϣֻصˡ
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ﾴֹǣҶƽרԵ㣬ҲҪֹлʲôģǲʵǵ㱨Ե𲻵ӦеˣҲԵˣɴȫ̿ˣڱʵ㱨гֵ⣬ǶԹҲǶȺڸ𣬾ֻΪתĳɼʲôǵְ𣡡


858 ٲ
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ûеˣҶƽ˵ǣûũˣڵﵣίǣȴԹũ壬ûжũũȻĸ飬ǺһЩģ¾һ˽ũũһϣ⣡


859 ٲ
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ܵʱ䣬֮ǰ죡ҶƽǶһڵʱ䡣
ﾴڿ˿оҲҶƽҪʱˣܾܰɣʱҪ⣬Ҫٲ̬ȣ뷨Ȱ˵ٲһ£ȡٲ뷨ı䡣
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ʱҶƽ黹Է˵Էʱٲǹȥһ룬ֱӶﾴ˵гҾͲԷˣصʡǻ£ǾͲ߶ˣ


860 ڶ
Ҷƽﾴڸ˱ﾴֻÿˣҶƽ֮ﾴھ߽ٲķ䣬һٲĶ
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ҶƽȥԺһﾴڸػһ׼ʡ㱨ı棬ذ齲ʡĸ߶ӣȻ⡣
СҶƽ˵绰ԼҶƽһԷҶƽӵĵ绰һû̴ӦСһ㽿Ҷ磬ǲ¼ˣô𣿡
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СȻңΪʲôҳһԷ
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飬õͻȻ˵绰һϢ˵һ׼׼ʼˣʱܲ棬ʲôģ
Ҷƽϸ㷿زиʲôʽģֲʲôĿʲôĿˣֱӶ˽ˡ
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Ļɳʡֵģ൱һר飬صʡֱŸ˳ϯ˻飬ԵǰڿΥΪʡҪһιҪǹص飬Ҫ̡˰˰ȲŽЭҹһЭȻȽϴҶƽȻҪμӻ顣
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֪ҶƽѾһѻˣôҶƽǲģҶƽһһദԼҶƽԷʵûбĿģҶƽһ죬Žһе
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¬˹ɿǸŮӣЦ˵ߣǲԼҪһɣ
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СһתͷҲǿ¬˹ûȥҲȥҶƽк¬˹һתͷҲǿҶƽҶƽҲǲ죬뽯һҲ֪ҶƽĴֻǲܹȷѣû뵽ҶƽǹС
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СĻҶƽȴЦЦֻˣ˻ǲ뷨ģ
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С񿴼Ҷƽ绰ȥҶƽʲôҶƽȴǶ˵Ӹ绰Ҫһȥ͵ɣҲȥɡ
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KTV֮ҶƽҲȥˣԼһˣֲһ󣬿˿·ϵĽ־ղŵ飬Ŵһĳ뿪
˵ڶ죬ҶƽеٰҪˣȻͲٿʲôֱʡ㱨ˣӲܣĴڡ
飬Ҷƽʡʡһ棬ӵ֮󣬱ʾתʡβɽдתǣԵ㣬ҹϵũȶβɴһ±Ƚ׵
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ǰͬˣһǺþҶƽ֮ȴϤȻҪǶһЩƣܼ顣
Щ˵ľƣҶƽҲֻ߲ܣһһǺˣЩ˿ҶƽǺþȻҲ˷ǵҶƽԵôҪȴͲܲǸеĿ࿴ˡ


864 βɵЭ
ﾴںһϵľƣҶƽȻ֪ﾴƵ⣬ʼûȥת£ֵﾴھȻҲûЩϡ
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Ϊ⣬žȻʷĸ߶̸Ϊʡίȫֵˮƽβû뵽Ƕ⣬ҪٱʾԵĻǾͱž֮һսˡ
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ﾴڵĻβɵĿһݣٲȨʢʡĻԲˣгȥ飬ֻҽͣ飬Ļģ
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ﾴøҶƽȶڽܵõҶƽ֧֣ҶƽȫûеǳӦٲĻϾгһСආʹӲѵٲذˣ


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˵Ҳȥˣǹ빫Ĵϣ㲻빫ô֮ǰ˵һҺһ׼־ǿһ˵ʵ飬ּæڵ־˵һ顣
һ˵⻰־Ǹ˼ҰҲȺ˵µģֻû˵ȥ£ˣ϶Ҳһְʾ־ǿû˵ʵһʱû£˵»Ҫл˼Ұ飬ȴǰˡ
ǻҲ˵ʵҿͽȥ׼ˣҲˣ־ˤ˵绰
־ǿһͷ־˵绰ϵıʮֵľɥ֪ƢԼǾԲ᲻ܵģֻһʱ˶ѣ֮Բ˵ʵΪ˲ģû뵽ȴ˻
Ȼ˵绰־һ룬Ǽæȥ˵绰ʱǳؼȫˣ֤õˣȥҰͲôˣ־ǿٻ쵰Ҳĵܵܣܲؿ߽Σ־ǿ˵λй˸ţѶȸӵĴˣ̸绰ùչ
ʱڳ̸ŻȥǳɣԱ͹Ա飬ΪָԱȻһߣ죬һ־˵绰һ֪ʲô£æһкߵһȥӵ绰
ȵߵһߺ½˵绰һͨ绰֮־Ǽеصϰ
һ־Ļܼʵôԣʲô𣿡
־ֱ˵ҵܸܵҴ绰˵Ǻ͹ϵҵȥˣû£
һЦŵ鳤ھֳ㲻õģܲûзǷɵΪ𣬹Ǳ߷Ҫͻ飬ͲһˣֻҪΣҲپǹˡ
һ˵⻰־ˣȫ־ǿһ쵰񶼸ƭˣĻ£
ϰ˵ʵɣҵܵڽзǷɣСҲƭˣֱˣץȥһ£۾ͺˡ־Ƿǳ˵
һ־˵Ҳɵˣʵ㲻˵ܵûзǷ𣿡
־̾СӸ˻ѣʵңҾʵ˵£û뵽ƭң
󣬰ҲһʱǲʲôûѩսҲʵҶƽжϣǺû棿֮ǰΪͻñΪڰ־ǿˡ
һ뵽ˣæ־˵鳤һ£ȥһ¡
æµ绰ӽֳĹԱʵʲô
ԱǸ˵ص鵽ˣ鵽ˣȷʵڷǷɡ
һǿһ£˵ȳ˵治ȫȹһ㱨һ顣
ԱһǲصûʲôȫⰡأ
ֱ㳷ͳôķϻҲ뷨ǳ˵ɽ治ȫܴ̫ʱ䣬رϣʲôȫ¹ʣ˭𣿡
һô˵ԱҲΥˣŷӱһ治ȫɣ˴泷Աһǲףʲôȫ⣬Աֻ˵ղźʲô˵ҪСһЩãȷϰȫٽ
ԱһҲٴˣ͹Աһ泷˳㱨֮˵
صǺܽضҸսӵ棬˵аȫ⣬Ҿʱȳ
ͻȻ⻰ȵʵôаȫ⣬ô£
ɫصҲ֪ô£ǳˣһʡ
ûзǷпɣҪʵؼУһҵ˻ʬ𼣣ص飬ǿɾǲðˣ˵аȫ⣬Ҳǿ棬һ˰ȫ⣬˭ܸ
˿ȴûпʲô֮⣬ԵúܽţղŽ˸绰ߵԱ߽ӵ绰ˣô˰Ȼͳȫˣ
ҪҽȥҪӳȥһ
ȴץסϾͳˣ㲻ҪȥһΣգǹǸΰҪĶ󣡡
˵󣬰ЦȴǸоЦЩӲ֪Ƿʲôѵղ˴绰ˣ˵аȫô£ûаȫⰡ


869 һ
Ҫ־ǿҵ濴ǰȴסȥеֲ֣ǿҪȥ˵⻰ʱԱѾˡ
Ա˹ŹԱһӭȥʵǲǺܲȫ
˰һۣԱ˼˵ղһǵĻˡ
һ˵ȫһҿͲҪȥˣ׼ء
ʱҲ˹ʵô£Ҫ
ԱһۣоЩ˵ǵģ
ôûнзǷɣʵ⡣
һʣԱߵĹԱ˵ǳ飬ڷǷɵ󣬸ղ̶֤ݣ˭֪˵ȫ⣬Ƕܳˣڲ֪ǲǰ֤ݸƻˡ
һһ࣬˵֮ǰΪʲôҴ绰Ϊʲôûʾ
ԱߵĹԱһǰЦ͵ʾˣûüʾ
Ҳ˵ȫһڷ־ǿҵڷǷɵͷǹԱֱȥѯ־ǿֻҪˣͺðˣ֤ʲôѼ
֮䣬û뵽һУùԱٽȥѼ֤ݣ»ñ˵Լְаȫ⻹ǽȥ
ˣֲҶƽһ룬˵Ǳȥǽȥһ
һǼæסôУô죿ɣǵȲҪȥˣǹ˽ȥٿϾҲǹΣʹаȫ⣬Ҳóܡ
װܸӣùٽȥһϵǽȥҲΣգһȥ
Ҫȥȥʲôɣһ룬˵ɣһȥԱͲҪȥˣǴļһȥ򵥵ٿһͳô
˵룬Ӧһãһȥ
ԱһԼҪȥҪȣǾͲ׵ˣҲҪȥǰֹǣȣҲ˻ǲҪȥֻա
һȥǲҪȥôĵطȥֻԼԶһͿˣùԱȥ
Զ˿ͷ־ǿܴϸ飬ѸûзǷɣѾֹͣҵ֮ǰ־ǿڷǷɵǰǷɵĻڷǷɵĵǲˣֻеץסǷǷɵȷһ
ǸղһҲǸһɢҲֻһŵķҪȷϵĻǱñȽˣⶼʲôȫǵĻ
ûаȫ⣿ôôʱְȫ⣬ҿҲûг˰һ˵
˵˵ڲǼһûаȫ⣬ǳ참ģְİȫǵһλġ
˰Ļǲ˵ʲôˣʲôȫ⣬һпȥǳǹ˷˵ʲôȫ⣬Ҳûȥ£ȻǾ׼˰ɣʵϣǶ̬ȣΣ
ͷҶƽ㱨һ£ʲô֮ҲҶƽһ£ڲ빫˷ʲôͻ˵ϣһʲôȫ⣬˷ʲôͻҲý⵱Ȼ봦ãǰǲʲô£ʲô£ʱҲá
ҪŪ嵽ûаȫ뷨ðֳָӹԱһ£ٿһ£аСʱҲˣȵڶ˵
˵ڶ죬йֲ֪ʡˣæȥǼ棬֪£֪ͨ˶й֣йֵҲһ죬־ǿǸϻˣ֪־Ѿ绰ˣҲǵн棬ʾԼûзǷɵ
־ǿʻǹԱĹԱȥ־ǿĻȵԱ־ǿĻ͹־ǿڲ飬ȽѰ죬־ǿϵĻǲ϶־ǿзǷɵﲻ׷ĵزǿ϶зǷɵĿΪӦûġ
һ˵ֻ϶ǿɣҲܷ˼ҵĿɣҪŪͰôŪأ
Ц·ǿɣǴĽǶͲǿɣǲ֤ͬݱ׼ɵģ֤ݱ׼Ҫͣ˵ɾǿԴ
ûд¹Ȼ˵˰Ļֻ֮ĬȻ޹׷־ǿο̫ˡ
ڶд죬ظҲǽ˵飬ȻӻתйֺͶйӵҵ֮ǲᳬȷķдģ¹ǲ֮ˡ
֮󣬾ǽҶƽ㱨һ飬ʵڵ绰ѾҶƽ˵һЩˣǻǰȫҶƽһ飬Ҷƽﾲţһʱû˵ʲô뷨ҲһǳΣȵӦûй©ϢΪʲôͻȻֱʣӿﳷ˳ˣ
ӿﳷ£·ǰһֲ߻ģ˸ûо쵽νİȫ⣬ʵ֤Ҳûгʲôȫ⣬ǰΪʲô
˵־ǿйᣬôϢй©ȥˣֳ鲻ʲôǴ˴εֳ֮ȴǷڽзǷɣֻûü̶֤ݶѣѵ滹ã
뵽ᵽӵǸ绰᲻ǰһ̣ӵλҪʿĵ绰ʱľ˭أ
ҶƽԺ˼飬˰죬ǸҪʿ˭϶Ѳ־ĹϵϾ־ǿֵܣ־ʡǵĹϵӣ־λʱȥ־ǿ鴦ˣҪһҪһǻۣ˴αѾɹˣǹһ񣬶⹦һԭܾܿڰϣа־ǿɣ


870 Ͻ
Ҷƽһжϣȴû֤˵˼ҰӣҿȥһʼûҪӵ˼ױ˭ָʹҲ˵ѵѩս
ҡһͷҶƽ뷨Ͼѩսһֱһǳֱˣָʹȥ£ѵֱӾ־棿
־Ļ˵֮кܽܵϵ򲻿һ绰ͽ⣬֮ܽܵĻΪʲôûȥ־ͨ籨ţ
Ҷƽһʱ뵽һЩ⣬֪ǰǰ֪־飬־ǿѺ־³⣬ҲеЦһЩʵɿصģν㲻㡣
飬Ҷƽûȥ²ϾǹأǹҹصԱȥ飬Ҵ˴εҲûջǲ鵽һЩ飬ҷһЩ˵ջġ
ҶƽԺϣһ£иеһЩۣתûг׽־ǿҲ޹գǰһΪٲһΪȨ֮ڲݣڹλûıһеģӵиȨû㹻ȨûȥʹԼȨ־ԼҪȥ¡
һ飬ҶƽЩĬӦ˵ڵȨѾСˣںܶ˿ѾһɼĿ꣬ȫɲж٣ʵȨɲж٣Ӹ˼ƣӦ֪ˣʡ˵ɲǸոεʡίǱԼСһѡ
ЩҲգλӸλҲգⲻ˿ıǩԼеʵĻԼ˶ٵʵ£˶ʵʵ⣬Ϊϰ˶ٺ£Ϊ˶ٹףĶ֮⣬ǹƣλӴãһ뿪Ǹλӣʲôǣʷһ켣ĻԼ˶£λʬλزͣûʲôֵҫġ
ҶƽͻȻ֮˼⣬ڹλϣҪܶ࣬Ҳܶ࣬ǺܶûԸȥأ޷ͻƣⲻܣĻԼӵ֮ȨˣֻеһӣҪ˵ϣҲҪ˵֧֣֧ϲλ£޷ʲôΪģһ룬ȻЩȻЩԭԼǲʡ
һϽңҶƽȻǺܸˣԷˣ󸹱㣬һ뵽ѵӣǸеЦҵίУϰʱݵĸӣ۾һҲûУȫҪһֱûĻһϲˡ
ФУϿɵһͬѧ±ȽأҲûФôļҲΪĹԱǷǳģӶصְҲöˡ
һ뵽ص飬ҶƽЩˣǸʱίǣȻʱҲһЩΪһ֣źܶԵƣ˷Ҳܾ⣬˳ذƽȥޱȳͨȨ־еʱ˸еá
صί˵ҪˣίҲҪˣ˵ҪθгҪ볣ίӣλŮԱӭ;һ
ԱѩڻڹصιֳһְҶƽóʱûϵˣλѩˣ澯٣ʱЩֲ˼绰ԱѩƺҲλøˣ绰ˣϾ⼶ǲ϶ࡣ
ǸС÷ãȥ֮ǻصί쵣ˣֻһʱûнίⶼε뵽С÷ͬ־ÿɰӣﲻǸеģǴ뵳УС÷ͬ־Żֻһʦɣ˵еʱǺأһССĻܸı˵һ
ңҶƽһЩȥ飬ȻѰ뵽ƵȥԷҲû㣬졣
Ҷƽ֮󣬰ҿȥȴǺӣȻоҲǺܸˣûҶƽô˷ܣҶƽо£һ£ǲ˵ֻñ߳Աģ˵ȥһЩ飬һʱ֮ĵõǺܿĵġ
˺һƣҵľôһǸеЩˣһǿ˿ҶƽƽνпҪḱسˣ
˵ˣҶƽЦҲǰˣ쵼ˣϲɺأ
Ҷƽôһ˵ҵıȴһʱȻ˵ΪسȫĽûǣνûлģһвأ
ҶƽĿһŰ˵⻰˼ФڶְڹְȻһطذúܽԭҲڶְкܶˣصһЩյģФڶصıʵһģΪͬѧФҲǲôϿɵģ˴˵ܵϸس쵼ӣûίһֵļƼǸܵģ֪£ҲǾФд˴ܵĴټˣҲЩпɣ
ϾԼͬѧܵˣӦ˲ǣǿȥҵߣѵФ֮ʲôˣ
ң뽨ϵĶ಻ࣿҶƽЦЦͶ԰˵
̧ͷҶƽһۣǿЦôϵ࣬СҴ绰˵ε£Ǻܵأ
˰ҵĻҶƽЦСӾس;˲ˣһԣ㲻Ҫһʶ
ҿ˿ҶƽҲҪˣҪίӣǰŵĻá
һ˵⣬Ҷƽһ뵽˵ңʲôεûл᣿
ʵҶƽ˵ľ飬һҶƽ𣬱˵ǳسһسλӣ֪ûл᣿
һ뷨ҶƽسֱΪسЩѶȣһӲҪô
ҿ˿Ҷƽȴǵ֪ЩѶȣֻԸȫ֧ң˵лᣬڳسλӿǳ˲ٵεֻǻһְʰ
һ˵ҶƽҲ˰ڵˣֻҪ;·һ˻ѱһƽ飬ԭʱȴӵģһߵλӣٽһΪҪ쵼ˣ˴¾Ϊ¡


871 Աѩϵ
һ뵽⣬ҶƽȴҪӳسسλӣһȱȽϴΣ鼴ʹȫƼδؾԸȥкҲΪѣϾ鲻ģȻҪίӣҪȷһسѡҲѶȱȽϴģФеβͬһسίźܴĻȨίһ㲻ܾίǵƼ漰ְȴҪί԰ѹأȫίǵΪټҪֱΪسѶ̫ˡ
һ룬Ҷƽ԰ҵң˼ˣȥккҿԴ򣬵ǿõĿԲҲ֪ģ˵ǴģԽߣԽǱȽϵѣ˵֪ɽлԽɽУӦֹֹ֪еʱҪʱҪżһʱǴڵλϣҪȥʲô٣ҪúõʩչԼĲŻԹҶһЩ飬Ȼ⻰ȽϹûʣʵֻҪǾǷǳģܰĿڹλϣܹ뽨źܴĲͬġ
û뵽Ҷƽ˵ҸеԼЩ֮ǰҲܾãֱҶƽ˵£ԵЩصӣҶƽȴһӵ˳ϲҶƽĻе޵ˡ
Ҽæ͵ƽҲȥܹҪ٣ֻǸеЩƽԼôŬεʱҪűǺαҪôİǲǹƽ˵ҪίΪسίǸûʲôֻǰˣûˣ𣿡
һ˵ҶƽҲĽᣬڹٳϰűǺ£Ƹε˱ϾǹٳҪһȶҪģȻ˶ƸΣȻǲܵģͻƹٳϵȶ״̬һĲȶȶǹٳĳ̬ζĽκһᶼ޷ܵġ
ȻΪȶ״̬ʱȻһЩЧʺ͹ƽɵٺãûλǲеģλӣ˲ʹλվסҲǲеģ˵ʵǲģ˭ǸλӣҲǴͬС죬Ȼų˸Ŭ⣬ƶһռݸλģŸڣͲǹƴֲģñڵİͰͣʹ˱ƻѾûǸʷˣҲǲʵֳԽģٳʵҲӣ㣬ʼ޷ԽʷǸҪʱֲ
ҶƽȻⷽĺԣҲζ״̬ûԹԣҲͰһԹԣЩɲϲ£޷뿪ڵĸλеʱʬλزͣӰ쵽һЩµͬ־λӣϲɲûйϵһΪأΪһطĹٳһյԲӷ˴󣬱߳ԲʼҪԲתתȥֱԲҪҪʼԲȥܵθһְٰҪȥźܴѶȣȨַ״̬ǵ
ҶƽͰο˰һ£Ϊ˶еƽֻܴҪĵȥ£ԵԼ࿼Щʲôһ룬ǴίУĻûЩգֻǽ̽飬źӣҲһֿ֡
ھҶƽĿ֮󣬰ʲôְ̹ȻܣεĿʵһõĿգܶʱԼһֻþһϰյʲôӣʵ̤ʵˣ縡ƣαعھģ
һһͷѵˣûȫȥںҶƽ̸֮ҲȻˣĵ˵˵ƽЩĽľˣְ̣ͷֻҪ׬˴Ǯʲôһ
ҶƽǺһЦԸ񵹲ʺϾأգ㻹ǴΪϰնһЩʵ£ְʱ˴żͿˡ
Ҹ̾һΪһԱÿһ˶⣬ֻҪ·עҪ˼ҵн׹ƽûָܣ
ҶƽǺһЦȻĶˣи棬ⲿ˵棬ǲ˾Ͳˣǲ˵棬ⲿ˾ͲˣһˮԶƽǲܱ֤ÿһ˶ܺˮֻҪˣ˵̫෴Ƿա
Ҷƽ̬ðҸеǳҪѧϰҶƽλӶʶһɲʲôÿĵط
Ͱ֮ҶƽȥЩʺãóʱûмˣЩǣֻҪʱͶһȫ㡣
ҾǺǺһЦʾһ⻰ﵽǴҶĹæ˼ţʱĻһ
Ҷƽ˵ãһ˵ְλȻˣ˻Ǹˣöѻŵģֻϵ˶ѣܾϵǺѡ
Ͻдһ죬Ҿǻȥˣڰ֮ФоǴ绰ͷȷƼΪسˣί֯Ҳ˿죬ȷˣǳˣרŴ绰һ
ҶƽʾףأһίǱһسһ̨ܴףФдʱλӣ;ǷǳõģٻͰһسίʲôģȻ;ʲôͲ˵ˡ
Феĵ绰ҶƽͷǲɵԱѩԱѩԼͬˣǸ÷òͬʱûϵоЩˣԱѩ绰Щ˼򣬺βͷĻᣬ绰һ£
뷨Ҷƽľ˵绰Աѩ˹ȥԱѩʱڰ칫ѵˣ참һԱѵ˸Ѫͷһֻˣǳһۣ㼱æԱ˳ȥԱظѸ˳ȥ
ҶҶƽô뵽Ҵ绰ԱѩһӵҶƽĵ绰һʱ֪ôƺҶƽˣǳһ£ǽҶƽ֡
ǲЩⰡþûϵˡҶƽЦ˵
ԱѩЦڳ˴ˣҲ˼ȥ㣬ǲǹˣ
ҶƽЦûУϽ˵Ҫɲˣ绰һʡ
һ£ԱѩЦûйϵҲȥ£ôصĵˣ
ԱѩһʣҶƽЦô޹ذ㵽кüˣһûʲô𣿡


872 ˭ʡ
ԱѩһҶƽʣ̾һ˵ƽΪ˼ϲûҸܾͲˣеʱطһ뵽㵱ҵģҵֲ˼֯ˡ
û뵽Աѩ˵ҶƽǺһЦµǹˣʾԲ𣡡
ҶƽһԱѩЦ˵ʵڵģطҶƽǲطģ˹֮ǵίȻ˾ֳڵξֳڼ䣬磬ǵ˲ٵˣԸ񣬸޷뵱صȦӣټΪһŮͬ־·һͬĹϵȻûбҲû˵ԱѩΪֳʹίӣҲӦһسˣʱգȻֻһֳ
ЩҶƽȥ˵ҶƽһĻҲܲ³˾ʮԱѩּԭ磬Ƿǳ͵ģڲڹصְˣڹصĻ϶
Ҷƽǰοһ£Ȼ˺ܶˣֻҪͿˣȻʷҲˡ
ԱѩͨһĻҶƽǸе࣬ҲҶŹͬļ໥֮һģƵоɢˣ෴ȥ˽һ£ʱһóһЩĲЩɱĹԱ˵ΪԭҲһģڹٳϾѹ;ۻĴ۸ԽܣϾ̫ˣЩԱʵͣǹҳһɱɣƭڡ
ʡ洫ʡίʡҪ쵼ϢžҪְβҪʡίǣϢѾʼʡһְ˭ȴһʱ˵硡
ʡίһһʡίλӵģ֮ǰʡί֯˵βɽʡίһְӦʡһְű
Ȼ뷨˭;ϸһֻǷ·ʡʡһְĺҲǱȽϸߣǳʡԭʡʡȻҲǼ죬ؼǣβϵĺܺãβʡһְ
ԴˣҲȷ˭ⳡʡսʤӦ˵žǱȽ͵ģĽǶ˵ʡҪ뽭ʡˣΰż߲˵ģҪͳаš
һĹϵǱȽϽţʵҲһˣʮǰʡίίǼ䣬мѡʡίί˵ҲһԸˣԶȨĵһЪȥˣβɵ֮һνʡίίУҳγʡΪβɵĸ֡
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Ц˵ʡ쵼һ£ʵҪҸĲǣֻҪʡʡίǣҪöˡ
Ҷƽһ𣬷Ҳ֪ҶƽβɵĹϵβɳʡίǣ˵ͻҶƽôСҲпմϹ⡣
˷ĻҶƽһ£Ļβɳʡίǣֿ֧϶ҪģڵʡЩ黹޷ȫ֧֣˵ʵڵͷϣβϵʡίǵġ
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ȫʡٿ˸ɲᣬ鲿һϯ˻飬ž뿪˽ʡεũ幤쵼С鸱鳤ҲֻһЭĻûжʵȨְʵе˼Ҳֻз
βʽʡίһְʡһְûдȥţʵҲЩ֣һ˵ӦʡίǺʡһȷģʱûȷ˵Ͽз磬ʡ˵ʡ߻ѡΣһĿԡ
鵽زܶѾʡĿԱųˣϾʡίίһְѾжˣȵ˴ѡٵʱȥʡһְˡ
ⳣʡһְٳûдȥ˺ܶ˵ĻɣѾٵʡίίˣôټγʡܶ˶˵γʡβɵԭβʡһѾʡίίĳʡʡ֮ǰû˿϶һʡһְѡٳٲȷ
βѾʡίǣʡһְѡȴǳٳٲ¯˱Щ˻ļһڴԻȼʡ඼ѾʼϵˣܳʡǿԳθʡʲôģȻ֮佨һõĹϵ
ЩǸˣǰϵˣȡʡ֮Ҳ֮佨һõĹϵ
ҲкܶϵȻʡ֮󣬺ͨϵϡ
ҶƽûʲôУҲûʲôرĽ飬ڵʡί֯ʱȴҲһЩˣЩ˶ǷǳмģʡһǿʵɣһƣʡƿϿ϶ҪǿһЩ
ҲƣʵҲпܱһ̰壬Ҫ֪βڵʡίǣԸⲻԸһʵǿʡӣһȥǵ⣬Ҳûʶһ㣬ĸǣʡίǣűҲֵˣȻִԣѾٵʡίί˰


873 õ鷳
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Ҫ˵ʲôˣʡѾǹˣȻѾʡίίˣ鲿ΪʡίίǣΪʡѡˡ
һϵеĶܿ죬βɾʡ˴ȥʡһְѡٹΪʡʡ쵼ӵĵ
һЩ˸е۾׷׸оۣû뵽ܵβɵΣĻԲ֮ԳҲ˵βɵľΣֻҪѡ붼Ͽˡ
źܣҲûзӣֻܰͣ׼뿪ʡȻٴλЩΡ
ʡһְ֮󣬳ʡһְУʡί֯һžˣһβҪԼרƹµĸɲ㽫Ūʡί֯ıŪʡλˣ˵ҲһõĻᣬϾʡɾеȨҪһ֯ȨḻˣתҲͨĽ̨ס
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˷ǳʩλһǸǲ𣬱㽫ϵĻȥˣЩϵҲоﲻЩˣֻùֽһʯ̣öԷȥ
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ǰõȥԺ󣬷ָЩˣֻҪһЩˣһٲ̣£Щ̸۸ü۸ָгˮƽ
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һҶƽ̾ǸϾҶƽҲǹˣһôҲҪ˼һӣҶƽ
Ҷƽе飬㽫õ¸˳ʲô취ˣһ飬û˵ʾ԰æһ飬ܲǲһϾֻһܲҲǲ˵
ԸæҲǺܺõˣҶƽæʾлæʾҵڽҶƽĵ绰֮һ룬Ͻеһֳһ绰˵飬ΪزΪǲԵģ˵ʡ촦Ĵֳһӵĵ绰Ȼʾȥһ£˲ȥһദǵġ
绰ǸҶƽҶƽðõȥؽ¡Ͻйֳָĵ绰طɳܲӴõıӵԺɳԱȥչ飬ǴʱҲҲЩˣɳ˾ðõֱٻˣȵϵʱʱٹ
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˰绰ûκãȻ˵ؽˣûҵЩˣЩȻ˷ˣЩϵ˿϶ǲҵǣô죿زǼҵˣԸİӣİĻֱȥЩˣȻ󾯸һ¾ͺˡ
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874 䶯
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ðõеżˣӦЩ˵Ҫϵļ۸̫ˣҲǿǿǴӱϿֲǿǿԸͺԸû˸
״ðõ˼һδ绰ҶƽҶƽһ͸оܴ󣬲Ȼ˲Ǯ׬ģضֹһǵҵΪ޷ϵϣпӺڶĴˡ
ʱβɴ绰ҶƽҶƽİ칫һˣӵ绰Ҷƽβʡίİ칫ңβɵİ칫ֿһȥ֮󣬾ܸܵ˵ϡ
Ҷƽ֮β̧ͷ΢Цһ£Ҷƽ̸Ҷƽһ¾
ƽ㵣ιѾһ˰ɣβɿ˿ҶƽҶƽ˵
Ҷƽһ˵һˣܸоöûãҵˣ
βɺǺһЦƽҽҪ̸ڹĹģڵⲻһʷʱγɵģ϶Ҳڶʱýڹһ࣬Ťתԭıԣٽ˹ԷչԴˣʡίǿ϶ġ
һβ˵̸ģôβҪ̸ʲô⣿Ҷƽһβɣ˵Ҹ˶ԼǲģһЩûȥ
ҶƽĻβɶ˾⣬һֿ϶Բ˵ĻҶƽȴǷǳǫֳ̬ȣȻԼҪܸߣǽصùҹй޹
ҶƽĻβһƽĹͲҪȥˣһ뷨뷨
βɵĻһ˵ҶƽʱβɣβҪ˵ʲôβɿ˿֮ž˵ѩսҪ˾Ӷˣڹרһ˹һְҿȥȥѩսλӣԸⲻԸ⣿
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βڵ֪뷨֮ȴ뷨ԹʮҪְλӦԼ룬϶⣬ڹҲԼһҪһЩԼͼˡ
ʡȷͬʱˣҶƽҲûʺϵˣҶƽιֳٳιҶƽ˵Ҳһܼ飬ҪҶƽʡλӡ
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һ룬βɵ̸б϶һβɵİţȻҪ̸һЩԵǰʡΰĿβ֪Ժ󣬻ԼΣȫʡǵΰ
Ҷƽһ̸βɸеһЩĿϣҶƽıϣȻˣҶƽιöˣûԥˣ򹫰ʾҶƽΪʡ
Ҷƽ뿪βɰ칫ҵʱβɰͳţһصˣҶƽеЩҵæβɸǶȥ
ʱûκ֪ҪιϢҶƽص֮󣬿ʼŴһЩͷûд飬칫νйϵذһЩ顣
Сٻе֣ҶƽӺҪ뿪Ƶģһ뵽ʡίʡİѾˣеĲҪеѵҶƽҪʲôְˣ
Сٻǲ뷨ҶƽˣҶƽˣǲãҲûֹ˼ҶƽǨǰ֪һϢǶ
Ҷƽ㱨ĻᣬСٻĵҶƽһ˵ҶҿȽϼǲʲôϢûǣ
Ȼһ̧ͷСٻŽõҶƽЦһµʲôϢûǣ
СٻЦʡͷѾˣһҪһ¸ˣҶô㣬ʡί϶Ѿˣڰ鴦ˣʱ򽻽Ӱʱ࣬˵ǲǰ
û뵽СٻĿôҶƽҲЩˣҲֱӸԼҪȥι飬ԱЦ˵Σ˵֯ˣ׼ҳʲôְ񰡣
Ҷƽһ˵СٻæĿ˵ҶⶼϹµģⰡǵ뿪˼ġ
ǺǣҶƽЦСٻ칫ȻһŮͬ־ڹϻǱȽϻܸɵģΰ칫εʱȽ϶̣һҲƼȥιһְְʱ϶̣ھΪڣԺл˵ɡ
һ룬ҶƽоԼҲȫסˣСٻԼˣЩǿ͸©һ£Ȼǲ͸©ˡ
˿ٻҶƽ˵Σ㻹˵ķǷǳǿģҵĹһܷ䶯α䶯ͲҪҲˣԼ֪ˣҪ˵
Ҷƽһ˵Сٻһ漴ЦллҶҵΣ


875 ʽ
СٻҶƽ֪һЩҶƽҲûк˵̫壬ҶƽҲǲ֪֪ҶƽҪˣ׼ҶƽһЩ飬ȡҶƽ֮ǰҶƽϿ
ʱûãѩսʡЭϯ֮ʣһְѡĻҶƽĵеĹְһ˭Ҳ룬Ҷƽᵽﵣܶ˰ѱѺ˵ϣЩѾӹõϢ˵ܻѡ˵ʡְһЩԾӣĴȷѡȻû£ȥ
ûǣѡǴʡͷˣԱǽҶƽ˹ʡ
ʡίʡʡί֯Եʾ˶µĸ߶ӣͬһǰְĻʡίίίǸѵίίԱβʯԼʡЭϯѩսһʡί֯λҶƽͬʱҲһϵĽӡ
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ĸԼ쵼ӳԱμ˻飬ʡίίίǸѵ֣ѵԭʡԺ쳤Ϊίˣͷյ쵼ӳԱϯ̨棬Ż֮ĹϵһֱȽϺãûжҰģγɫѾˣûȥʶ˼ձȽᣬ;ϵȻŽ˴αʶĽɫ񲢲ʲô֮
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ĸǿϯ̨ϵҶƽˣûʲôıʾһʡίİţ˭һģȻһǹϵõ˵ǵ϶ܸˣҶƽ֮ǰҲûʲô飬Ҳ˵ҶƽڹλϣԱҪϸᣬ˼ȴǺɣܽԭԣڵ֪һʲô֡
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źѹѹȺҶƽҲŽĹһǲùˣҲٵ£ְҲŲСѹϾιֳ֪⹫ĹøɣɳɼǱȽϵѡ
ʡί֯һʡίҶƽΪίǡʡίίίԱԼΪʡľʡί֮֯󣬴ʡίҪָҪѸٰ˼жͳһʡίȫ֧֡Ҷƽͬ־ĹһάͷչǰõĹͷչͷһǿ罨裬Ŭһ֧ʡίȫʡмǿսĸɲ顣
ڴ껰֮ʯҲ˽ڹְҪͬ⣬ʯҲǴϯ˴λ飬ڽǿϣʡغ͹񾯼ֽΡ˴֣ȫ֧Ҷƽͬ־Ĺڹһ쵳ίŽ£ץ˼۽衢ƽ衢ɲ齨衢罨裬ƶͶ齨贴·չ
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ѩս֮Ҷƽ˽ڽָһ᳹ʵʡί͹쵼ҪίµûϣίŽ񾯣ȫʡĴ֧֣򵳺һĴһҪǿѧϰСоϵȺڣȫͶ뵽ȥǼʵʹϡοڼϣ߾ȫץùڸƶȫʡٴѼǼǿŽЭֿҵԭ򡢿ԼƷ´ðӣץö飬ǿ쵼ӵսǱࡣȴͷϸط涨ȷʾԼŰµһɲ죬ΥΥģ鴦
Ҷƽڽ֮ǰѾ׼˽壬Ͼεĸɲμӵ˺ܶ࣬ҲܸߣȲ׼ýĻʱ϶ǲеģҲǺйоأ̫֮գҲӹëڲԼʱ򣬶ҪĳȻ뷨ȥԼ顣
Ҷƽ֮󣬸ѵǿΪˣֻܽһλ쵼ĻȻԼ֮ǽˡ
һɢᣬԱһɢ˳ȥҶƽδµĹʼҲЩǣΪҶƽֻǵʡίǺûгʡʡԱһְ֮ǰѩսǳְģʡȻҲְּǿܵʡĴδ;ô
Ҷƽڵְʱ̫̣ΪΪʡЩʣβɵĿιְ񣬶ûҶƽ뷨ԾûҶƽΪʡʡһҲûΪʡԱˡ
ʯΪ쵼˴γϯ飬Ҳ˶εӣΪҪͬԭ򣬶˴֮ԻͬҶƽʡһְʵҲſҶƽǽ˵ԵʣʡʡҶƽûһԭιһְͻһЩѶȣЩۺϿǵģȻԭβɶĸ߶ΣЭĹϵҶƽһְġ


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ҶƽȻ֮Щ绰ԼʾףأȻһԼķʵǿԼƨıֻҪԼһλϣö˶˶ԴģֻЩѣڸԼ绰ͬʱŻԼҪעһЩ顣
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ҶƽȻ֪еιֳʱǻһЩ˵ЩΪԱֶ伫Щ˾ռˡ
˵Ҷƽ˹õʮֵĸˣ̸һ绰ʾףأһӵõĵ绰ҶƽȻ֪⣬Цź˵һỰõͱʾԼĹػûлָʩ򹫰֪ɲԣ
ҶƽһǺǺһЦʾûйֱ򹫰ľɣȥϵЩϵһʣһǻԸⲻԸϡ
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ȥõ뵽һУֱӸҶƽдţֻҪҶƽӵţҶƽ϶飬ȻټԸ棬ͻˡ
ͳԺ󣬳ҲУҲûʲô취ˣֻһˡ
Ժ󣬰õǸҶƽдһţ˵ǰͶʻãڸǿǿгϣܽһ£ǽ顣
ʱҶƽͷһЩ飬ϾǸոΣǧͷΪͷûյˣѩսͷ˲ˣ⻹аͷϲˣ˳֮Ĺϵڶ˵ͷȴ¡
Ϊ˳ֹϵҶƽβã绰ѩսԼһԷȻǴ̵壬רѧϰΪټʹͷȽϴҲȥϾֻҪôˣʵǶһͻˡ
ҶƽԴȴǱ뷨άɵ򲢷ǶԹѩսܰڹţֶֺΪѩսܻպĹи浽ĹȵǸʱȻа취ȥ
Ҷƽ룬ѩսеֲ⣬ҶƽĻҪǫ飬еǣڹӪô꣬˭λӣӦһأһ뷨
ѩսȻ룬ҶƽԼһ𵽽̻ԻʹƵԷһ֮󣬾ͼƵľӭӣȥιԷʱȫͬĵþƵĸ˷ǳӣˡ
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˰֮ѩսҶƽԼ˭ԷҶƽͱʾûԼˣϯʲô˿Լһϯ˼
Ҷƽһ˵ѩսʶҶƽ㽫Ҷƽ֪ͷ˭ˣڰǽйȻˣЩ˾ͻΪ֧Ҷƽˡ
аҶƽ˭˭ȴҲҪһϾʹˣϵҲ裬һӦǰ칫ƺƸйԭİ칫ΣҶƽˣȻҲҪƺƼΰ칫ΣٵҶƽףǱȽϿɿģΣƺƣҶƽ˵ġ
ƺƴһ绰ѩսָ־ߴһ绰־ڵλͷǰǶΪģҲελӵģ־߶ǸмˣԸҶƽӽҶƽԼһԷʵҲǸһµĻᡣ
ƺƺ־ڹεĸҲ˵һһ䣬ƺģ־䣬ǰûаźˣ˵ҲȱҶƽṩˣðסᣬҶƽҪ֧֣ҲҪҶƽİμ˵Ƿǳġ
ˣѩսͷȻŲٵ׷ߣǺöĿвҪͷˣ˾Ҳ׷ˣʱһãıЩ¶һЩ⣬ζȾǼˣһֱĶ󣬵ǺϽְԺ󣬾ͶͥԶˣ⻹һЩвĸɲҲõģ˵û־ߺƺ˶Ҫ
ѩսֻԼˣԼˣԵƴҶƽ֪ܻı뷨Ͼ϶뿴һ绰֮֮ܰȥѩսʶһ㣬ֻƺƺ־˽йˡ
־ߺƺ˽ӵ绰ԺǸ˹û뵽ҶƽѩսһЩΣѩսȴǰǻˣ˵ҶרҰǽ㿴ʲôҪҶ˵ģԵҵ˵
Ҷƽϵһַ־ߺƺ˸еҶƽѩսĹϵȽڿҶƽʾԼҳˣһѩս˵⻰־ߺƺҶƽ⣬ȻƺҪǫһЩΪĵλҪֻͣǰ칫ΣϣҶƽûа磬ʵǶһֲΣҪ˻úñ֣ȡҶƽΡ


877 
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Ҷƽѩսĵ죬ѩսרӲ칤ȻʡЭϯݹӲ칤ģͬʱҲ˵ʱֻصԭλӲ칤ˣ֪󣬶ʱ²ѩսӲ칤ĿģԼҶƽԴ̬ȡ
ǿҶƽһַǳӭѩսģǾЩе죬ѵҶƽӭĵػȻӰ쵽Ĺ
Ҳ˶ʱΪҶƽǳѩս˴λ϶ΪҶƽƽһЩµģѩսµڿѩսҶƽĹϵǳãǿ϶ٶҶƽʲôǣͻ֧ҶƽĹҶƽͽѩսѸסĴ󲿷ˡ
ȻҲбףҶƽѩսˣôͻܵѩս˵һЩӰ죬ڹ͹˼·ϾͻѩսͬȻҶƽȻһˣҶƽҲֻһȨ֮ơ
ѩսרҶƽһ쵼ӳԱ̸һлҶĹ֧֣һ˶°ӵڴʮӣҾ֪ûʲôĿģҪͦҶƽġ
Ҷƽ껰֮˶ѩսǰӲ칤ĻӭѩսҪָʾһ˵ôҲǸеҶƽѩսҲǺ𾴣˫໥أϵǢȻûǰκͼ֮ìܣѩս֮ϵȻܳ㣬õҶƽá
ѩսӲ깤֮˾Ϳʼ۷׷ףƽŷҶƽȻոһӸĶǰֱͦˣټĴ˶ܹѩսĶݣҶƽ൱ڼ̳ѩս²Щ˻Ҫȥ
һԭΪǰӰɵĶѸƽΪԹһУҶƽĵûʲôų֮⣬ϾûʲôϵҰģҶƽĵԼԼеЩãҪΪ־ǿǸɵӰûϺùĹЩ飬Ҷƽһﵣ͸ˡ
飬ȻͻҶƽǰֵطǳ͵ǫȴоҶƽʲô⣬ⲻеҶƽѾ˳ɼҪŤתȴǱȽˡ
һ룬񲻽еЩƣ֮ǰҶƽ֮䲢ûʲôϸҶƽйֳڼ䣬ҶƽǱȽ͵ģ˭뵽ҶƽôسΪĶͷ˾˵ȻһְҶƽ¼뷨ʵѵؿҶƽѾǸеĹֳˣʵʵʡˣȻһЩڻûת˼άתˣΪģֻΪ־ǿϵĴЩʧˡ
Ȼ˵ʧߣʵûжѡأ־øʲôԼˡ
Ҷƽʱ򣬵Ȼ᲻ɵؾȥв鴦־ǿӵ飬־ǿӵаһܲõĽɫֻûص֤֤ʲôʵıֱ֣Ѿ˻ɣ԰˳ɼ԰ʱ򣬾Եú䵭ûȥ£
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ղΪȻӣȴصصգڵҲͬ㵣ϽйֳҶƽǶ㲻ҲǱ޳ĪҾͲһˣҵü﹤öûһֵͷ϶ǲеģҶƽҽĹôɣԭҶƽڹʱ򣬾Ͷ־ǿİӺܹעڵҸо೤ʱ䣬ͻᣬǸʱҿ϶ܱģ㲻ֱˣǲõ
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˵˰Ļǵ飬ҶƽʱŪѿǾûʲô˲ģҶƽҪ־ǿİǾ칫ϽзԣΪǶ԰ĲΣΪӦӵһϣһΣǾڴ
ôһ˵Ȼ˼޷ǴĹٳ⣬ҶƽأҶƽڹıֿԺܴ󣬵ǸʱǲˣҶƽ棬ʹҶƽԿҲ϶ռʲôˣϾҶƽͨѩսմ쵼ӳԱˡ
ǣҲûиоŲԴУӦҶƽڷص״̬
ôһʣվǳ˼һ˵ҶƽҪһЩΪڹȫվȽŸ֮󣬷ǲģȻ˵ѩս֧Ĺ˳ؿչĵλǲȹ̵ģֻҪǸһЩʶ뿪ǾǲУôȻǲˣȥϼˣȥһѩսϵףѩսоƨëҶƽܾͰȣ˵ǲǣ
շǳؿ˰һۣһʱ֮˼


878 õ
һ⣬ʮգѩսνʡ꣬ڹһЩʧ뷨ЩʧŴĻȻѩսҶƽеѹϾʮѩսģѩսʲô⣬ǸŲÿ
һ룬һĵѩսѾ빫ˣȻʡЭϯʵѾûжְȨˣҶƽûʲôѱöԸҪǸѩսǻܸһЩġ
Ҫץסѩսһйأ˾ϽѩսȻڹζһЩǱȽϵ٣й̰۸ܵ¸Ǻ˵Ҫѩսֻܴӹ֣һЩѩսĹһû©
Ͷ飬ȻȥѰһЩѩսˣѩսû뵽˻ʱ˼Ҫ֪ˣ϶˸
ҶƽһЩԱǻڹӣȻҶƽҪϸ񣬵ҶƽڵǵĹԣøȡһֲٵĶ֣¸ǵסլ¥ҲǿҪˣҶƽȴ뿪ˡ
ҶƽԬιˣ˰࣬һֵһʵְλӣȻһеίǣܵҲǲˡ
ȻҶƽû뿪úԶյͬǻ½ҶƽӭҶƽȻϲʱҲûа취ͬǸӣҪپͬǵӾǲˡ
СٻҶƽˣȻǺģ֪磬Ҳ˵ʲôˣϣӽҶƽһ֮꣬¼֮ĹϵͬһҶƽʱǱֵطǳ׽˶һΪҶƽ֮ǲһȵĻɡ
ΪҶƽ飬ҶƽˣȻǸоãϾҶƽڣݺǸ߹󣬵Ҷƽһߣǰ칫һͨĸΣԬһ˵ε쵼˲ǰκ׽˵ġ
˽µҶƽܲܽ飬Ҷƽһ룬ûͬ⣬ְûд˾ΪĻĻ˵лʱѱ˹ȥԴ֮ûˣǸСطûж˵л¾ǲһˡ
֮󣬿ܻһЩõľ˵ʵڵģ쵼ҲˣԼദȽ϶ߺ󣬾òãҲǲ̣Ķⳤģˣ
һҶƽŰһȻǵΰ칫ΣǿܵĸŵδȻ뿪˹ֱӶԷΣǿͨԬ̸һ̸飬Ԭ
ԬһεĴۣԼʲôҪŲܾһλҪ󣬺οҪҲйأϾ
һЩ飬Ҷƽ򵥵˴ڹĹŸոյؿʼȻѩսһЩԱǴﵽĿģͲҶƽˣֻǳһЩѩսƼѡҲҪʶжϣȫ̽գͬʱҲҪһǵǷȱ˭ˣ뵽ķۣԭ
־ǿİһֱһ񣬹͹Դȥ飬ȻûдλŹ־ǿιʱֻ޷ҹصΪ˹Ϊ
֪ǰģҪӣ°ܲˣΪλһͣ»ķ
һʱĹ۲죬ûʲô־ͷ˵Ϻˣ̣ߵλãжǿֲ˵ڵñȽƽλõģ֮λãѩսҲĪĹϵֻǵ˺ڣ񿴵ѩսҪжιһְ̬Ͽʼѩսôѩսţ䵭
ҶƽԸ񣬸оԼھҪ־ǿĻҲйķӦԸٸӣת־ߣ־ߴ˵顣
һ룬ҶƽǶһ⣬׼ٿʱһ飬һķӦȻǷоûƵģҪڹ⣬ڹʲôźڹµźҲǲˣźȴ̫ˣȥˣȴ޹գҪûʲôèǹأ
ʱ򣬰õֵĸǰһգƺƸһżЩżһЩֱдżƺǲ˿Ȼٸ
һǲżԺҶƽʾΣԺǼĸҵżֱ͵ҪԲġ
Ҷƽ˵ǶƺƵȰ칫ԱĲΣ˽һЩʵ˼ĸż˵һ˽ð칫Աһ飬˵ͻһЩ˵ˣеİ칫Աǵʲô鷳ͻһЩʮҪż˵
ֿǣҶƽŷԸƺƲҪʲôˣżһ͵ҪԲġ
һҶƽҪƺȻ̴ӦˣǰѩսģҶƽԸ죬ǾͰҶƽҪȥˣѩսĻҪסҶƽֻܱסԼ칫ελӣ칫ôһҪλӣֻҪҶƽ⣬һҪľ֪Ҷƽڹǵ칫εġ
ƺưһ£Ҷƽǰƺż濴һ飬ȻǾˣǻźܶݣżһЩٱݣ˭дŰ֮䷴ûдŵˣдҪôǹϵ£ҪôǾٱдٱţҶƽӵż
һżҶƽЩżУȻ˰õдżżϵԾһٱţǾٱڿز̵УڶϮţ޷㽨裬ϣŵܽ룬ΪǱݻ
һţҶƽ΢Цһ£оõǳĴȻ뵽һַæ£ͨ;һЩ˽˵£ֱȥõ⣬˵ķ飬дˣٱˣȥ£ˣҲͲ˵ʲô


879 Ӧ֮
ŰõţҶƽϸؿ˿Ȼһ룬ǩԼǸʡίʡҪһҪϺþӪߵͶʻԲĴڣҪٱһ顣
ҶƽǩԺ󣬱ƺƸ˹Ͻйȥ崦£Ҫ
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ҶƽǶݵЩ˾ô
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ôһ룬õֻŴǱϣǱߵ˹󣬻Ҫ뵱ص˴򽻵ЩҿǱߵҲ᲻ԸˣǵǸʱͿҶƽǡ
ҶƽĽ£õǻϵʯ̵ҵҶƽʱȲˣҪĹΪ˰õӰ쵽Ĺ
а칫ҡβصίίҡװƴܶӡΰܶӡܶӡܶӡܶӡܶӡ뾳Ƽͨȵʮλ⻹ֱʡѧԺȼҵλҶƽΪͬʱʡ侯ܶӵһίôĵλλһλҶƽҪ쵼ĹǾԲһ׵¡
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֮ǰѩսϵץˣѸɲץԼϣȻ쵼ӳԱȨԼϣǸҲԼĹͿʡί鳷ǣβɵʡίǣ֯Ǵ֮£˭ۣۣҪúõʰһ¡
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Ҷƽںƺ̸껰֮󣬾ǺίԱоһ飬ǣʡί֯Ըһɲָ꣬ǱָŪˣǧΪڲĲŽָ걻˷ˣΪҶ֪ÿεʱ򣬸˵˼һΣ໥ﶷ֯һˣ˭Ҳˣһָ֯Ǳ˷ˡ
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ʱ򣬰ͷѾ־棬ᵽҶƽҪµ־ǿˣ־ǿһЩ϶ãϾڵѾܿƵˡ
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ȨĻҶƽЦһʱ־־ǿֵƽ£ǻͷԼôľץס־ǿ֤ݣŹ˵ʲôҪǧԪֹ֧صĹҲЦֻҪ֤飬־ǿõΥƲҪ乫ǲҲһ


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ǹάԳ棬ܴ߳ȥ뷨Ľ棬־ǿʶʱûȥˣֻн⣬ϹصĹȡ
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ʡίڶһ£ص־ǿйϵԱûãͽйֵһֳˣֳ־ǿϵʮУһЩ鶼ٰģ÷ֹⷽ飬ڳ飬ǵһˡ
һʡίǽҿ־ǿӺĸӣֳҶƽʶڹʱ䲻ҲʶһЩеľֳһ֣ڶʶȻйֳ⡣
ͻɶйڲ⣬ֲǼίǣҲûȥ飬ʡίһ飬ͷǳ֧֣ΪԭڹڹŵԱ£еˡ
ֵĸֳ֮ʡί˳Ϻֽܿйֳˣһ߹ֳӰǴˣһмĹֳڵطϿһʵȨһӱˣܲܵ
ҶƽֳǷǳϤİ칫һ㱨ڵʱĸоֳǲģһɾģ־ǿϣûаӣʱҲûжϣԶȲǺͣҲû̫һ˵£ҲһϾĲ°ڳ£վã֪⣬ʹĲ£Ҳ뷨¡
йֳߣúö˿µԣ˵ʡίҪģʽȻʡίˣһǣ˭ͨͨ˵ˡ
־һʱǳţΪԽԽ붫йֳнģȻΪ־ǿ£ʱ򶫽еĹֳ϶˵᲻ὫԻ˵ҲһϾԻ鵣ίʱѾιֳˣôĹֳϵ¿϶٣Ϊʲôģ¾ͻԻ
һ֮־ϵԻ飬Իʱǿʼ侲еĹֳ֮󣬿϶ὫƵϣȻ˵ŵģûֽϣϾˣʡί˿϶Űѻյϣ־Ϊ־ǿĸ磬йֳҪ˵־к־ǿģ־϶ܵѯʣֻǻ᲻ὫΪ󲻴˵
ˣ־ҵԻ鵹ûôֳǣο־治ҪţʹеĹֳкҲû˵־ǿ
⣬־ƽϢһЩȻŻгȽ֧֣滹Ҫʲôĵˡ
飬ȴǸеЩסˣʡίҪˣһ鵽һô죿÷ץа
ʱУϿʼڹɱ˰ʵôֻҪЩӵ˾ͻϷ
ȻûãϵǿʼӦҶƽΪҶƽոõİ칫ΣҶƽܵһҶƽ˱档
һǳҶƽǴ򿪵ԿһȻйӷǳĶָ࣬𹫰زΪԸӷԩ
ǲԩϣҶƽ޷жϣ֮Ի˳ҪΪӵһݺý͸©˵˰⣬ȻڳϵķҪ
һЩµýټһЩʦһʼӣһ֮ʱιѩսʡί㱨Ȼȡ˴ѹķʽݵķ̸֮ܵ֯Ҳѡ˱죬ƽϢȥˡ
ý廹ЩģʱʱؾŪһڷյĲ߻£ǳˣֱϸҶƽдһţϣҶƽ飬Ҷƽµӣһףе˵÷ǳ˶Ҳֱģ˵ٹ໤Ҳʲôö
ϵЩҶƽֱҡͷһĿռ䣬ʲô˶˵ʲôǿ˵ͼ⣬ͼҲһ࣬ʱȨÿһֻ˵һ棬Ȼĳһ˵ע⣬ﵽԼĿģֻȨȫһƬĻȨȨǶ˵Ǵÿһ˵Ȩһ¡
ԣÿһ˼ȵŸ˵Ȩ˵Ȩһּ˵ľأּ˵ܵЩ绰Ȩ˵ĲݣЩ绰Ȩ˲ȨӵߣͨҲϷɧȻûڼƵ֮аˡ
ʶҶƽΪϵĶȷģʵģҲ˵ϵĶǱԽģǾϻֻмʵǲĹԭäĿȻ³һƫĶǲѧ飬ҲӦˣ


889 鰸
ӵϵ鱨棬Ҷƽ˼һ£ûгԩ飬ǹص£żغͷԺأҲҪȥӦԣǰӵԴͷڹأûгԩҶֱȥ׷ʹأ֪صڼûдĵط
ΪȻ޶ԣӦԣȴһҪо飬ѩսǽʡί㱨£Ȼȡʡί֧֣˳ذ鴦ˣǲûȫϨ෴ȴˡ
ôһ˵յ˹ϣͬʱҲյ˼ԺͷԺϣǷԺһģԷԺ±ȹػӣ̱ʡίʡίӵ֮󣬱ټ취ҵԱһ飬һʵӦԡ
ӵʡί֪ͨҶƽȥμӻ飬ʡԺԺʡԺļ쳤һʡίʡԺԺͼ쳤쵼ǴʡģҶƽǲ죬ǺʡίǸѵȴǷǳ죬ΪԭιʡԺļ쳤ѵһصһ쵼ʱҶƽǷǳĹ
ҵ쵼ˣѵ˻ңȥ֮󣬾ʡԺԺһȻӹʼٸߣڴҵìͷܴһָԺԺѹҲǱȽϴ󣬵뷭صȴǺҪһѩսλȷʾû⣬ܷѩսļ̬ȣ·Ҳû̫֣Ͼӳݷ˵⣬ʱӵٲûΪʲô⣬û⣬ҪʱǸʱûи߿Ƽڵı׼ȥʱĶ׼ǾǲΨľˡ
ѩսļ֮£ʡί֧˹ʾܽϵһЩֻǷ񶨵İҪά˾Ȩȷ˾оȶԡ
ڵ̬ȣʡԺԺһ꣬ǿҶƽ֪ҶƽΪιϵ̬ȣ۵ѹһһӴģֻǾܾ¸ӣƱҪٸӴѹܻӦҪ󣬽ʵĸ飬Լ۵ָ𣬽
Ҷƽ֮ǰҲ˼ˣȻѩս֮ǰ̬ȣϴѩսרŴ绰˵£ʾɿڽе飬ؾͻٱѹǷԺһԺ¸飬ʱ򹫰ؿ϶Ҫٸѹ
ѩսһֿǣҲĴ֮ȥȥΪ۵ַԭе򱻴ҡ
ѩս˼뵱Ȼһ־ɵ˼룬ûӦ³̬֮Ӧý幫صķʽҲ˵ʲôҲ˵½еΣھɵ˼ָһµһֱܷӦҶƽһ㣬ȻҪˡ
ʡί֮ǰҶƽһǣȻݵķٳ˵⣬ǳʲôĿģѾָ⣬ͬиĻҿ϶Ϊ˵ǶԵģڲԸ⸴飬һֻ伲ҽֱʵӦĺ
˿֮ҶƽλϷʾ۵ҪܸߣǲȥӦԵĻʱϵԽãֱĿԽ󣬲ʡһ飬ҹͬ飬ʲôĻԹͬȻϵԶҲƽϢ
Ҷƽ̬ȣʡԺԺʡԺԺһû뵽ҶƽôĿѩսĹȫͬѩսԹŶһЩЩͨȻҶƽȴʹףǵǾҶƽǲǲϵһȷʵô죿Ҫ׷йԱΣ
һ룬ǿȴ֧ҶƽΪٵѹȽϴôˣֻѩսԲŵϵڣҶƽȴͬ⸴飬Ǿûʲôͬˡ
ѵǼ˵һ룬ܽ˼䣬ʾһԷΪ׼ʵΪݣַؾľȥԴÿһӣҪðӾʷĿ飬Ҫ󸴲ܸߣȻˣǾҪԴʲôʲô⣬εʡίǣͷ취ҹͬ飬һӦĺһȥ飬ͬʱмලذ塣
ѵֹ֧취ҵϴѩսԵʱҲȥѩսӣϴεԶûμңûдﵽҪĵزڲˣˡ
ѵ֮ܽ󣬻ɢˣ취ɼɸ飬ʡίһǸЭⷢϢˡ
ѩս֪֮ʡίѾ˸飬ʼϲ˵ҶƽŽиģеˣӵָƵİȻ˵³еʲôΣӻ治ÿᶨΪûκε⣬ϵ۴֣ҶƽӦһ飬еʧ
ˣ뷴ҲûˣڲιˣҲûʸٲˣȻ˵ڹ滹ŲٵľɲѾʾ֧ҶƽĹҶƽڲһ־ǿڹڲƺҲ˸Ҷƽʲôƺδػվһˡ
ҪǣҶƽѾԹڵԱһȻû̫µԱǻϽһҶƽȨѾγɣֻгҶƽڹĴڣһǵĲԡ
ѩս̾һȻƺȥһ绰һƺԴҶƽΪ֮󣬶ҶƽǷǳľˣһѩս绰飬ǰҶƽ˵˴ûʾ鵽˲òĵزˣҶҪֿǲôģû˵˼
ƺһ˵ѩսû˼һƺΪҶƽ˵ǵЩˣҶƽôƺƳΪӵˣԺڹӰ󽵵ͣʽҶƽʱˡ
ܵ쵼һ㲻ˣƺƼæְοѩսһ£˵ҶٵѹҲǱȽϴ󣬰ʱʱػʩѹ黹ǰ밵еҲģҶӦ⣬ôöûˣҲǲѶΪ֮
ƺƾѩսǰ飬Ҷƽ֮䲻ҪʲôᣬĹǱȽѰ죬ʱһҶƽ϶ͲˣѩսȻѾ빫ͲҪеȨˡ


890 ׷
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պͰͨҶƽʩѹҶƽûȥ£û뵽Ҷƽϸûκԥ֮ûй࿼ѩսǻӦԣӦٶ֮죬÷պͰ˶ûзӦ
ȵǷӦʱ򣬷ղŷ֣ȫҶƽһģûٿʲô칫о⣬˵ϵĹ֮ٿʲô칫ᣬ»ʱӰ쵽Ĵ
ҶƽӦҶƽһЩԸ񣬷մϿҶƽĿ֮ҶƽһѶϵˣôǾ԰иһЩСҶƽӦӲϾҶƽֹϵ̬ȣǸܵҶƽķһǿ˵ķǿɲһ¡
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һǾ͸еһСûдﵽκĿģҶƽʱش⣬һͲʲô֢ˡ
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гҶƽȻʶһһԹгĸоǽʷǳ㣬Ƚϴ˵һȽϴ󣬵ڽύٱʱһĴΪģʡίľ£βʾ˭鵱ʧְְΪģ鴦Ŷôһλˡ
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־Ҳܵ˳Ƚ̬ȣ׼ʡίӦԣΰΰѵһɶ
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Ȼʡίصʡ֮ʡίȾȥԼȥ̸־еЩ֣ΪԼζѸϵģڵѾˣΪʲôʻҰʻѵѾ¶ˣ
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ʡίİ참֮󣬰참ԱǼ˰ĸ참Ա˿û˼֮󣬾˱ѶλϣôһðһоԼһ³˱˫Ķ󣬵ʵϰ참ԱڻûҪ˫ֻҪйصֻаܰѸϵȫȹεΣ
˿참Աһʱû˵Ű참Աʻһ참Ա־ǿ֮ûнʶʶ־ǿ
ܸе˵ʶ־ǿ⻰Ƚϼ٣˰Ϳ˵ʶǽ˵̫죬ֻʶѡ
ֻشеԣ˵ĸо·û˵Ƶģ⻰참ԱɫȻô־ǿʶģǻشһηֵʶģ֮ĲûʲôϵǺ졣
참Աֱʵ־ǿ˵Ĺϵô£ôһʣðһæ͵־ǿĲǺ죬Ǵ˰ɡ
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⻰һ˵Ǹеܳأµӣ참Աһ֪⣬־ǿ֮һŽ
һ֮󣬰참ԱǶ԰нһʩѹ־ǿ֮Ĺϵ⣬ǲʲôĽ
ôһʣ̽˷ϣҷϵرȽϼȥţʵϰ־ǿ֮仹ûʲôľý־ǿҪΪպ־Ĺϵ⣬ڻشʱԵʮֵ㡣
ӣ참ԱЩɣ˼ػشҲٱͼ׷־ǿ֮仹ʲôڲ־ǿûʲô⡣
Ӵ˺ĵ⣬ٵѹԽԽ󣬿һҲǹȥˣ֮£һ͵ÿ˰참ԱһۣͻȻ˿ڣʼˡ


891 ־Ŀ
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ίԱ֮Գٳûȥ־棬Ϊ־ǿ־ûйϵβʡίйԱĻ㱨֮󣬷ǳʡί쵼רŵһ־棬Ҳ˵־ǿ飬־ֵܣβ֪֮󣬱Ϊ־̰ҵһʺصķǷΪ־汾˿˵ΥйصͣҪһ׵ĵ顣
βһţʡίȻǰ־浱ص㣬鶫йֳԼиг˳֮ͣյĿ־棬ںָܶ־棬ҪȵŻ־
ȻҲǵҪĿ꣬ᵽ־棬ίԱ־кǽһһǺʵذ־кľһ£мѷյһЩʡˣ̸̸ֱ顣
ڰЩ֮󣬼ίԱȻŰֻǽ־кû־ǿⲻ߼ȻѾӦ־棬ʵ־ǿҲǶλΪģôû־ǿæ
ίԱͼӴʻȣð񽻴־ǿ飬ԼίԱʻûа־ǿʲô־ǿ֮ûܵصĴʵΪʱ֤ݲ㣬ûʲô˽Ϊ
ʡίԱҲûյйص֤ݣֻý˻ȥȥ֮سһоͦˣʡί˲ˡ
ڰ֮Ҷƽһ룬оŹˣʵǲˣϴε鵱Уһֱʲô⣬ǵʱ޷ȥ£ڽʡίµĻᣬ뷨ǡ
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Ȼ쵼ǴǻɣҲŪ嵱ʱľ˾Ͱάһ顣
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־ˮֹ꣬Ͼ˶ˮĿûиܵ⣬ֵûɣʡίԱ֣־չ顣
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ʡίĿǰΥΥ֤ݣֵܵ£Υصĵͣڶȡ˫ʩڴ֮£Ǹеʱܶյ־صĸ֤֮ȥӴ
ܿ죬ʡίԱʼȥϽˮְֵ־ڵϽˮڼһЩɲȫһһʻǽ־֮ûвľִģĵ飬ζ־԰ܵˣ˰ɶҲûи㵽ȻŹˡ
һ־ʱ޷ˣʡίҪԭΪ־ǿϳеһΣû뵽һӳΪʡίĹĿꡣ
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־˾ҪȽһѹͬʱҲóȽȥ̽һʡίʵȻжµĴС
ͻȻ־ְ£Ƚ֪־Ҫˣֵ־ǿ£֪ģû뵽־ڻΪʡίĵĿ꣬ԭ鶥־ܵһЩӰ죬鲻ֵһᣬͻк־ڵҲʼϲ
˿־棬Ƚһ룬־ȲҪҪְֵܵ£ֻҪ̬ȾͿˣ˵ʡί£ҰʡίԱôһ£ǣϽеĸɲίҪһ¡
Ƚһ˵־ͷҲǸˣֻҪȽԸȥæʹʡίҲҪֱġ
ͷҲûжٵףȽ޷飬ô죿ֻ־ˣڰһ֮ܵ׼˽Ѿ˼գʲô飬뿪ڣ⡣
Ƚû뵽뷨֪뷨ŲȥˣΪ־һӣһЩΣԸ⿴顣


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ȽȥʡίȪй־־ҪְΪܵܵеΣ֪ʡίڻôٳûж۵ĻҪӰ쵽˵ĹӰ쵽ϽίĹ
ȪȽȻʮֵĿϾǣϽеĸɲβɰģҲ޷Ƚ֤ʲôҲܰȫֻ־ԸеܵܵҲһ£ʹʡί棬ʵİš
Ȫ˳ˮ۵ؽ˳Ƚ˵µĻҪ־ʱҲڵλϾͽе飬ʵһĸλȻ顣
Ϊ־ί鳤λϱˣ϶óȽÿȶӰ쵽ʡ쵼֮Žᣬܽ־ԭĸλŵһôҪĸλϣȻٽ飬Ļɵ𶯻Сһ㣬Ƚÿһ㡣
һȪǱʾ־еһΣϽίԿһһί鳤ȻҪʡίȻҪʡίȡȽϺһЩ
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Ȫｫ־֮ܵϣ־Դ⣬־ľȽ⻰־棬־һЩ
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̸˻ڳȽȥȪ֮ʡίǵȽңͬʱҲǵҪԻһ־棬ѵϽˮֵĶ˻ȥһ־֪ܿ飬еܷ˱仯ʡίƺҪϢˣȽĻһãܾܿ;־ǿ֮ϡ
ʡίձ֮̽־йʻ֪ͨʻͨȽ֪ͨģȽ֪ʡί־Ļһ绰־棬־ӵ绰֮ǹˡ
־Ҳûеף½ȥʻͳˣǴʱҲûܣֻӲͷƤȥʡίʡίԱ֮󣬾֮ܵ飬Щ˴кˣδкҪЩ顣
ǰѾĲˣ־еҲûǰΪܵܵйԱк飬ûᵽԻ飬ԻǸʡʡίڿ϶ûȥԻ飬Ȼܰ˵
ⷽ£ʡίǼ˼ǣȥˣûʵйصľ⣬־֮еңо¾ͻȥˣΪܵܵ¶ܵһĴ
־ôģķչҲôеģȽ֪ʡίҪ־е룬˱ǰɫεί鳤ͬʱʡί֯ƼΪϽигѡʵַճΪ롣
Ϳǵ飬ٳûȥڳŵ־Ļᣬһˣ־¶Ӱ죬һˣһˣ˵ʡίĻȨǺصġ


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ʡί־̸껰ʱҶƽŹάѾ˺ܴĽչͨʡίˣ㽫ʡίͨ
ڵ֪֮ʡί˱ϵǼʱ참Ĺ񾯽е飬ȹάѾǵĹʡίԺ󣬱ǰйصʡί˽ˡ
˹񾯵ĽʡίжŰΥ͵ĳ̶ȣϴΰûչ˵־ǿֻ־кûȥ־ǿڿ˵˻ѡ
һʡί˱Ȫ㱨Ȫ̬ȣҶƽṩģԾͲΪҪ鴦ԼλˣҶƽʲô˵飬ھͿʡί顣
ΪҲλȨأ鴦ӰǷǳĴ־滹ҪΪ־ȻɲֻϽеĸɲʡĸɲ£鴦˰Ӱͬһ㡣
һ˼֮Ȫβͨ־ǿһпܴ˽Ϊ־ǿٳûܵصĴ
һβɾǱȽοԴʡʱģΪҪŲȥȥ˽ˣд
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β̬ⷬȪ˳ʹľģĿֻǶ׼־ģڿӴŰ񣬱ðѰˡ
ʱûʶԼѾһԨ˵־˳ʡί֮߳˻Ǹ˵ؼһ棬оѾƽˣʲôˡ
ڵ֪ȽѾʡίƼϽиг֮ʮֵĸˣһ飬һʱ֮ʮֵ˷ܺ͸ˡ
Ǹе˷ܵʱ򣬰ֻˣҶƽ绰Ķһ飬ҪμӣϹ
ʱĩʱ䣬ͻȻӵҶƽ绰Ще֣ĩʲô飬һ룬պ־˸ǣȻ͸ʡ
˵λԺ󣬰ֱҶƽİ칫ңҶƽԺ󣬿һۣ͸ٿһί飬漰Դε⣬Ҫоһ¡
һ飬ǸоҶƽЩСˣҲʲô飬Ҫôżؿ
һᣬίίԱҲȫˣҶƽ˻飬һÿԴε飬Ȼ˵־ǿһ󰸣һЩҿԴΥӣǳڸĳ嶯ǷɿΪȻŽֹýڱ˽еǸطϡĿʮֵýע⡣
ϡǸ߶豸ıرϣҲϽĿԴھõĿģھǿɵıȽ϶࣬ڿɵ򣬵ϡļ۸ȴǷǳĵֱͣǰײ˼˷ңľȻԭϼ۸ûκεĻȨȻһ顣
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ýع飬Ҷƽ˽Ժ󣬾ǸеǳԼɳԴԼȴڵĿҵ򿪲ɣ໥ѹֱۣڰܻµŲҲҪһ飬ڵԲ˵Ĳݡ
Ҷƽٿ˴˴λ飬һϡԴι쵼С飬ҶƽԵ鳤Ǹ鳤ȴûаŰΣøίίԱ־ߵΣ־ҲǽҶƽ£ҶƽΪ鳤ȫȨ飬Ȼά쵼СĳԱֻļͣ޷θ鳤ѡ
ҶƽڻϵһţίίԱҲǸеƣô£˵Ӧ쵼Сĸ鳤ϾǶ֣ô־ְأ
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һ룬׼ڱԵʱҶƽһ£Ҷƽ֪Ҳô۸ģӣҲؾͰȥ
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ţղŽⷬʱ򣬴ҵҲǷǳĽţ֮ǰû£ͻȻʹǲܵĶҲǸеǳĽţ᳡Ҳһ˸еϢ֮С
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Ȱ֮Ҷƽתߵſڵʱȴվһվһ룬ȻŶ룬»ص棬Ļ顣


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֪飬ҶƽȻٰŰʲô鳤ֱ־飬ҵǣȴˣҶƽ֪ҪʡίߣŰŰĹˡ
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ɢԺϢͿʼֶߣѸٴͬʱҲⵥλžǴ̳
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صʱҲǻŵش绰µ£һͨ绰Ǻܲˣ˶ܸ˵ģһһ㾫Ҳûˡ
ûо־뵽Լ³᲻ͰһĻ·ˣֳӵ뷨˵ģһܾôˣʱóӵ׼ֻҪ뿪ڣһоͶȫˡ
ʱ򣬰ѾʡίѶһʱǲһˣһģģһЩģһȴƣԤеĽģʡίѾְͣǲͬϴεˡ
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˵Ըصʵ֯϶Կףʡίǰʿ˵һ飬ν͡
һǮʡίԱ˵Ǯ־ǿģ־ǿлߡ
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ʡίʶһѲĶ֣ʩѹѸٳصȶģڿô׵ˡ
ʡίԱֻʾ֮ǰ֤ݣȻðȥνͣһйʡί֤˵а־ǿΪˣֻó־ǿУڽӵ־к֮󣬱ֳ־ǿ˷Ʋã˽֮
鵽ʡίԱ㽫ƽʡԺȨǮ׵Ĳ֣޷϶ΪܻߣڽʡԺɼ϶ɡ
ڰƽʡԺ֮󣬰ĸ֮λ޷ٱȫˣΪӷְ϶ҪȥΪˣʡίо
ǸͬʱҲίǣְȥҪһίǣҶƽһ״Ƽ־Ϊίǣ־Ȼôǰ־߱˱Ƚᣬ֯ɲĿ꣬Ҷƽһ£˴ҶƽãȥץϡιƼΪίǺʵġ
⣬һְȱһҶƽίίԱβθһΪȻҲΣǸǹҵģβֻܸɲǸҪһЩ
֮ҪΪҲŰһε˵βΣβһŮͬ־ɷ˽ίⴺ·Ƚϸ壬ʺϵβְ񣬶ƽʱĽӴУоԼȽأŵ飬ǺظɣºҲûʲôıʾֵΣҲֵи
һ֮ҶƽʡίƼ־ߵίǣһθΪɲίίԱβΡ
⣬άԭļǸڵҲһʱˣ׼άļΪȻҪʡίоﵳίоͿˣҪεµһˡ
εµϣ¹ϵͻ˳ٳ˰еҵ飬һĹչ


895 ⴺ
ҶƽڿµϽǱҲڿµĹ־ȷҪϽУȽѾɫµί鳤ѡͬʱҪƼΪгѡ
ڵ֪Ժ󣬷ղõǺ־ʱҲ֪Լȥ򣬽ǵʡˮθȻ
־滹Щɹ֪ǲһְȫ½Ҫǰ࣬ûзǰֹۡ
ʡίµְʱõĻʲô飬Ҳʡί˲׼׷Σ˴εĵеһΣҲʲô⣬ϿԹˡ
ʡίʵڹɢϢʱ䣬Ȼ־ʱ䣬ʡί°֮󣬽־棬ɵ̫󣬱ȴһʱ跨־档
һϵеµ׼֮󣬱ύʡίίооĽȫƼĽ־߳ίǣһθίίԱβΣϽǱƼɲϽίί鳤ճϽигͬʱιֳ
һҲһЩЭ֮ûܵԣȫǳȽֵ֧Ľ־汻ˮθձΪгɻóȽȽϰģβ
񱻲飬־ΣֻзյõΣⲻܲ÷ոеԼĹǲܵĵ飬Σʱٳκˣ֮ҪסȽֻҪµĻᣬͿֱӳιˡ
Ҷƽʡίоȷµ֮󣬱ٿί飬оͷָɲ⣬άȻǵһҪоģάΪԱְ֮ǰѾˣλϵȻовĸɲԭĸ֣ûһĵְƽ˾֮ȽеԱҶƽûвȡʲôȶĹ̫𵴡
־߳είǣƺһмҶƽǵãȻɺùܵõǰᣬ쵼ͣʹŬҲǲаҶƽǵǵһңӦмǡ
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ڻĵڶϣרԼҶƽԷȻԼģ˽ίⴺԼģǷޣⴺԼȽϺãⴺ˽ίǣȫʡĸеУϽίǣ;Ҳǿá
ϴҶƽڵιʱȥ˽ûмⴺǼг⣬ⴺôϤԼҶƽ¹һܵҶƽΣⴺҪʾһ˼ҶƽԳԷһ±˴˵ĸ顣
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μһˣһʱһǲģڼһһȴһҶƽǹ˭СȻһνĴʦй쵼źܺõĹϵҲСҶƽˡ
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ΪⴺӣͬʱҲҶƽȻȽ֣ѾʮˣǱķǳãⴺһ𣬸оⴺСʮ꣬ʵǴѧͬѧҵһֵʡһֵʡί칫ȥˣⴺ˽еίǣҲǰʡβελãֵβΣΪʡ쵼ӳԱеһԱ
ķ޴ʡҲĽģλȨصĽɫȻ΢һ㣬Ϊ쵼ǻܵܶ˵𾴡
Ʋ֮ⴺҶƽƱҪҶƽľƣҶƽȻҲǲҵ˼Ǵеίǣ϶ʡɲЩ˽ίûвʡ쵼λģȵίǣѾеʡˣⴺҲ󣬽ŲٵĽռ䡣
ⴺһ꣬˽ίǾǶƱҪҶƽȾƶҶƽ˵Ͳһ£ȻҪȣȻǺǵģһϺܿｻ
һھһȽֵˣϾǴʦҪһȣڿҶƽ֮ҲǲˣǶƱҶƽҶˣҾһƣ
һƽʱȥ˵ľƵģȴҶƽҶƽһԼľƣӵѣһԹѣҸӡ󻹲ôã˼ô˵ˣȻܾ˼ҵӣҲƱЦʦǾĴⱭҾ㣡
Ҷƽôһ˵һǼæǫصҶˣҵⱭƻҾ㣡


896 ֳ
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һ룬Ҷƽһ˱һһӣһͻȻ˴˽ϵȵḷ́ȻһĺþƣһЦ˵Ǻãҹƣ
Ҷƽ̧ͷһȻ뵽ϴСʱ龰һǸ¬˹¬˹ҾƵϰ壬˵ⴺͣˡ
ȴˣⴺ͵ĶǹȻҶƽˣһ뵽ҶƽҲһ£оӦȻ֮ǰͽһҶƽҶƽιˣƹܹˣˣ빫˴򽻵βλᣬʶһҶƽҲҶƽһ顣
һ룬¬˹˽غⴺк¬˹¬ֶӣʡŲٵĲҵƵꡢжĹɷݣ̻ԻʹƵһҪҵⴺʶ¬˹ơ
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¬˹ǹߵҶƽǰȻƱҶƽҶܸʶҾһơ
͸߲˾򽻵¬˹ȻԼǰǶ򣬵Ҷƽⴺĸ߲쵼ǰһףϸһʲôˡ
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Ҷƽ¬˹˺ֵһʱЦ˵ʦʲôʱٸһְҼǷһѿˣˣʦٸһ
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¬˹ˣһҲǱȽϵСĲҵο¬˹д֣бģұ껹СΪ¬˹дЩ֣϶͸쵼ˣ˵ʲôúˣǲƨһġ
˵Ц֮ǰѾƺˣȻתһȦѾƺ꣬ʣµľȻƺ̣ҪԪһ־ͳȥˡ
ȻƲ˵İţҲǲⴺǮģȻⴺȫԼİ칫ΰˡ
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ⴺһǰڰֵ¬ܣæȥİɣǵһ극ߡ
¬˹Ļⴺˣ̻ԻʹƵ¥һרΪṩĦķ䣬¬˹˵⻰϶ȥһĦǽôУҲ˵Ҷƽ᲻ͬ⣬ԼҲ㰡İĦȻҲûʲôǾǻ±Ҳɣȥˣ϶ỳ
¬˹ȵʱʶʧԼæ˳ȥҶƽ˳ȥȴ˼¬˹ȻⴺҲʶⴺʶôпʶһ빫˽ϵˡ
һ뵽ˣҶƽ͸оԼǲˣ¬˹ʲôˣҲ֪һЩˣҪĻһϰ
ֻ룬ҶƽҲûбֳʲôȵ¬˹֮ⴺǶһ˵ʦûʱҶһþû͵īˣ
ⴺһ˵һǵҶϲĻҾ׳ˣ
ⴺתͷҶƽҶǳ극ֳһʦĽô
ⴺһһҶƽæЦ˵Ҷ黭ĶûоרΪһ̫˷˰ɣ
ⴺȴһЦû⣬ʦͰƽʱҲЩϵĶеʱҲҪӹһǣ
˵ⴺЦһҲЦȻҶƽǾܾ˼Ǵȴû̫ܵڴյУҶƽҲֱܱ̫ӣⴺҪôҲֻ˳Ȼȥⴺӡ
һҾǳ˷ⴺѺһк׼صĲϣԼߣȻҾǵƵһܺӣһһǻ
ҶƽҲǵһμһȻҲ뿴һһôģǺⴺһվԱߣһӺ
һɽˮڻĵĴͳڴͳĶҶƽǸеһЩȤģڲ˵һԻȤûУֻⴺһ
һһ״̬ǾǺרעȫڵĻⴺҶƽվԱߣҲȥעֻĵػŻһ״̬ɡ
ʱúܿ죬һСʱʱܿ͹ȥǴȴûиеʱ̫һҪСʱҶƽⴺ϶ܿСʱⴺҶƽߵһ졣
غԼ죬Ҷƽϡε»Ҫ˽ίϣʱ̸һ̸һܺõá
һҶƽ̸飬ⴺͱʾ˽ϡҵȷʵǴһʧ״̬˽ĲɵأΣǻûóȥ飬ǵȻǻӭģ˾Աʾ֧֡
ⴺĻҶƽȴǸоⴺĻϡҵ˽еһҪҵҪεĻ϶Ӱ쵽زҵķչιӳԶкôģڻҪ˽ίͨãƶ˳չ


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һһҶƽϣҶƽȻûԼţʸȻ治ҪǳӣܲϾ˼ֻĶټֲҪǿ˼Ҵ󻭼ˡ
껭֮Ҷƽⴺ˷ֱ뿪ڻȥ·ϣҶƽʰڹĻһ͸ʡģ˾ͲҪûؼˡ
֪һ˵ģҶƽõȥȻǲҪΪ칫ΣȻҪҶƽּ⣬㰴ҶƽҪѻûعȥ
ⴺһҶƽҲǸоⴺ˱Ƚϳ裬ȦȽϹ㣬һĻнһ¬˹νноûΪŮͬ־ԭɣһԷ޽ⴺ£϶֪ⴺĽˣǲǻЩã
Ҷƽ΢΢£ڻʲôõͷʱȥ£ȥһĹɡ
Դ־ߡάˣҶƽȥһ˽Уרϡһ˽ĻйԬԼʡϡЭĻ᳤ʡϡЭһ֯ҵҪܵʡóίָǵĸҲйһȥУʵҲһҪ취Ϊ
˽֮ⴺгȻҪӴר飬ί쵼ܲӰҶƽˣʵǰǸһЩ飬ô˵ҲóӴ
ⴺרΪǾһСĻӭʽԬҲ΢Ц紺Ҳ뿪ˣʹܵеίǣʵҲͦõģ벻ôۣίǣĹҪ࣬Ȼĸ˸оҶƽʱûָо
ⴺͶһͬҶƽԬһͨˮأͨˮϴҶƽķǷɳȽأ־ǿӲ鴦Ժ˽㲻ˡ
ͨˮԺίسȫӭӣسϴεǸԶ飬ίһɫڣȥǳľսˣЩʱôĶ񣬷΢Ц紺ֻ˾Щ
ϡɳһΪ˽ĲɵĶ࣬һΪûγһͳһɵľ棬ҵ࣬òϣûӵϡԴıԣ˷ҵĵʡϡЭҲǸոճ֯ûжȨԣֻܽʵЭ޷ȫϡ
ȻбԴ֮𣬵ǲҵǹܲģⷽзίʡóίڶͷͷû˹ҶƽҪǣԿԴĵȡͷǷʵⲻĹȽ⣬Ųȥ£ⴺʵҲ鲻ӦɹܣϾֻ·ˣŻ֣زƽˣҪôĽ롣
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ͨˮ֮ⴺͷѸҵϡҵеίԺҪǿһᣬҪͳһжҪ˽нףȻҶƽҪǿǲҪ˽Ĳɣ򹫰ؽ룬ԷǷɵдǶǵһ־档
ܿ죬ЩҵǱеίԺԼʮҵίԺʱ򣬶ǿźЩרŹԴ˾ǮһңǾǳһһƴֵӣ໥֮仹Цʱһ˭ã˭һС˭СȽƯ߰ģûҵҵĸ֮硣
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һЩ˵Ŀټ鲢Ƕǲ飬˽˵ܰǣϡ۸ٸ̧ȥ
Щ˱һʼȻǰ˵ĶһЩֻа˵Ķ˵Ĵ󣬲쵼ӣⶼǺܶ׵ĵ
ˣЩ˾ǽ˹ϡ۸µԹϡҵӰ죬ûһͳһĻ̸̽У¼۸̸еȨһֱڹ⳧̵ϣܳǽЩ⣬ⶼǽƻĺܣڵһ˿ӡ
Щһֿ͹۵ҲǸоˣ嵽Ǹ˵ʱŰȥӴĳ̣ȻðԼҵĶøȥҲǵĲԭ֮һ
ȵǽ֮󣬱ʡϡҵЭĻ᳤нʾϡԼɹȡģʽκ˶ٰ˽ɣʡͷݸҵһƣⷽϣҵҪϣֻռ۸̸еȨܵ⳧̵Լ
һҪЩ۷׷ˣΪһǾǲ֪˭˭һˣҲǵ󽵵ͣϾеģ޵ʱ￪ɳϡƷȻ׬ȡ߶
ϡЭĻ᳤֮ǾǱʾȻԽͲȻ̧߼۸񣬵ͬʱҲᵼҵãˣʡô죬ĻǳԿ
⻰һʣʡϡЭЩȫԵжûγɣһжʡǰһҲûдġ
ϡЭĻ᳤껰ԺԬ˽ҪʡҪùҵĿԴҵԴһҪ棬ܸƻԿɣ˸ƻԿɣʡв鴦ϣܸ߶⣬Ҫɡ
Ԭⷬ棬⻰ǵȻǲ˿ȥЩģʱ򣬾Ҷƽ潲ˣȰѵǰ淴ӳǽһ飬ָǰһЩϡҵ˽ĲɵأѾע⵽⣬ŻӦĲ鴦Ϊòֹؽ룬永ҵ͸˽شϣʶԣطӪҪΪԼһ˽գȥһЩΥ¡


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ҶƽΪڻǿЩϡҵǾúϸΪҶƽԴһЩźţϾ鴦ǣǷ鴦ǵĻǾҪʧȥƲˡ
ټǿᣬҶƽԬһȥ˿ϡֳֳ֮󣬴ҾͿɽЩҵ˶ϱڲԫ࿪Դڵ˿ڰֻһζȡעȥ϶Ҫе岻ʲôģܲˡ
ǴӻĽǶȳҶƽҲеҪϡҵΣֻнβϡҵոӿѧӻҪпɡ
֪û˽ĲɵҶƽֳĵع۲һ£оＴʹûдģ˽ĲɣǴԽ翪ɵӦУڵһЩҵΨͼʲôΣƾ¸޷Լǣ÷ɵֶβ֪ʲôǲġ
ֳһ飬Ҷƽ˾뿪ͨˮأ˴ǰô쵼ǹȺȲ裬羰ǽˣ֮˽ίҪʽⷽĹΣЩԱȽҵ϶Ҫ˽еֹȷϡɹС
ȥԺҶƽ־йע飬ֻҪ˽ĲɣһҪùȥв鴦ϺùŵĹȷҵıԴƻʧ
СͻȻָҶƽ˵绰ڵ绰СЦӯӯϹ֮ǲǻԼóʱûһԹˡ
СĻҶƽоӦһȽɵ״̬糿ôԼ绰ǲǻڼ
СЦŸҶƽڴϻûأǲҲû𰡣
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һСסı˾˵һλˣҲ˵һλ߹ٵģС񲢲ұ˵ֻǴһλܱĴסģıСʵСӴѧʱӵе룬ȻߵǲֱĴ֧ȷ㹻ˡ
ΪһߣȥύɫɫˣҲźܶջΪһŮԿܻ޷ȥȫܾջΪܹøõԺûٲȥ߹ٻߴϰ鸾뷨
ֻǳڸԭ򣬻ΪĿ̫ԣЩ߹ٻߴϰܾΪʵ̫̫ˣ˸Ů˵壬Ů˵ǻۣŮ˵ǻѾǵĿƷΧ̾ͻܵΣգοСмһеݣʹҪ̣ҲҪһ´µĴۡ
û˰ӣСеȤһֿϵģλͷŲٵʯ߸ոձҵμӹķСӣ׷һȫܾˡ
ûһܴȥҪôûǮҪôûеλҪôǮǳһ㣬Ҳǲһʵ̫ˣǶһԸзǳŮˣǷǳˡ
ֱҶƽСŸоûнĻһҪ׷֣֪ҶƽûǮҶƽĵλ˧ĳɻҲ֪ҶƽôߵһλǮ˵Ѿ⣬㹻ˣĲȥ׷ˡ
ǺܲҵǣҶƽҲмҵˣеĸ߹һҶƽʹᣬҲǵ˽䣬ҪҶƽһǻҪСҶƽСҲԸⰡ
ԼŮֻʡֵطŻУСȻһŮɣ̫ڵĶǮȨλȵȡ
ҶƽˣСЩϲҶƽˣҶƽȻͬһ쵼ɲҶƽʺΪڲ֪ҶƽһܸܵԼǺĹԱһʱǰ͵¡
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Ҷƽ̬ȴܵһʱ䣬ûҶƽϵˣҶƽһ绰ҺõҶƽûоܽĵ绰˵һǳ˵ˡ
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ĩ峿СҶƽһ绰ԴҶƽϹ֮ûҶƽһԹˣڱϵһ£ȵϵʱһԳԷ
СҪҶƽҲѸٵ´糿˯һû뵽Сʱ˵绰֪ԼҲڴϵĻ˵СЦ
ڴæ֮䣬ҶƽûоܾС룬ҲþܾģҪһһ£ǲ֪ʶôģȻſھʹӦСҪѵԼҲǸеóʱûˣҪ
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СһۣҶƽüĿ֮ͻȻһЦСôо첻ôԾǸôʽʲôˣʲô̻ʲôģǲʲô£
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ֱǵߵڰףҶƽһ˻ȭͷаѹѵ˵СҶ˳֣к˹𣿡
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СҶ˵ô죿ʹȥҲæкȻɳ˲ģҲûа취
С˵⻰Ҷƽһʵ۽ʲô֣
С÷ãҽѣҶ磬鷳Ͱɣ
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Сһ˵ллҶˣҶйæ¡
Ҷƽ˵ͷͷһ㿧ȣȻһģһ̧ͷĿСıǼϣֻ΢ЦſԼƺԼղųԶ̬
Сһɫѩĳһûϥǵĺɫȹͷţո˾ȥʮŮζǰȣСøģҲԵøӳˡ
Ů˶ǿɱοСһֱ˵ƯͲŻҶƽһ֮лһѹһֱջѹһֵС񿴴Լѹ
Сƺû֮ҪôСֻŰԼƯһչʾûȥջ˼˵΢Цſʱ۾ûתȻҶƽĿⶼȥӴ
΢΢һЦС촽Ҷ磬Ϊ־ǿİӣץ˲ٵˣ˵һץ˭
ΪһߣⷽУ־ǿİʡ̨ררƬСҲˣⷽǹģҲ֪ٵ飬ʱҶƽ
ҶƽһҲ΢ЦȥʼίǰѰӰˣڲ鴦ЩܷӣͲǵˡ
СЦ϶˭ܵǣ֪ܲ
Ҷƽǲ֪ǲ֪㱬ϣȥԺд
Ҷƽ˵ЦΪ֪С񲻿ȥдֶ˵һ˵ЦСһǺǵЦ΢ͷһڶȻüĿһ̣ЦҶ㲻˵ˣдʲôһ̸ʣ
ҶƽǺһЦȥһ仰Ī̸ھҪĪ̸£ԳΪ
С񷴲ָͨϰգҶҲ̸ǣʧְ˰ɣ
ҶƽЦ˵ڲڹڼ䣬Ī̸£Ҳʧְɣ
СؾС죬˵Ҷ磬ڲǲǵߵǰϵˣ
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һʱúܿ죬ҶƽҲܺСʱ̫СȴЩδӣͣغ˵ŻȻհ˹̹ۣһŮһʱǻ̵ģǲ֪ҶƽҲǸеʱЩˣ뿪ˣ
С˵ԼҪ뿪ˣСȴζŨ˵Ҫȥһ磬ͻȥҶƽûдӦٳȥ磬֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬˵ñ˿˸ǲãͱʾȥе£һ˵ɡ
ҶƽСǣȻǴӰ˳ȥСԼֱȥС˿ߵȹݵſڣҶƽ˳ͷ׼÷õһҲȥһתͷȴǷ÷ѾվǰһгһҪҰ
÷úǺǵЦԱߵһӣСص㣬ղŵǸʲô
÷òŵӣС⻹м٣
÷õôҵСʲô쵼ɲ̫ˣ㲻ںҰɣ
Сһۣ˵˵ʲôأСһСˣϲˣرȨƵˣǹһ֣£Ҹ˵ˣӦ㣬ֻҪٸңֱӱã棡
һ⣬÷ø˵ص˲ɣ
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÷õһʵȻţԼᣬҲһù٣
СȴǴһµ˵ʲôǺù٣ǾûкùˣҺӴôãûдҵ⣬ϵģֲõĹԱƾɫӵó𣿡
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ȥġСִһ£˼룬еŮ궼Ҫǣȥԭ뷨ǺҾҲͦãΪͨѣһ죬Ե㶫ֹϵ࣬Ѱζ˻ŮˣֻҪѶԷ㵽֣ʱʧȥȤζ˺Ů˶һϲɣҺֹϵֻ£ԶʧȥȤζ
СĻ÷õ뵽ղſҶƽӣҲ뵽СҶƽ֮佻Щ֮ĽȫǺĳɷ֣ˣҲЩֻǲ֪ܲټ


901 ־汻˫
־汻ʡˮθ֮ǰιϽˮ־ֳʡί㽫ˮθȻ˵ǵʡϰ࣬ԶûϽ鳤λλȨأҲйһЩ飬ϰ֮쵼ӳԱδĿӣԶ֮ľ롣
ĸоһַǳõĸо־Ͻеʱǳ裬ǳ㣬ȥܵ˵𾴣ǵȴһ˵ļįû㱨Ҳûôĵ绰ҪӣǰЩȻڹԶϾǸλˣ˼һϵɶ˵ܵܵӰ컹ûнأܾʹƽ½Ǹеллˡ
־ʱ޿̲ڴʡίϢ鵽ǲҪ׽ˣûг׽Ļ취뿪ڣȻȥ
ڴ֮ǰ˲ٵĻգҪӵĻӵóȥ˭Ҳر쵼ɲŹˣҪȥּ϶ܲˣ򲻵ѣӵһȥ
Ϊ̽֯϶̬ȣ־һ⣬ʼֹܹ󣬱ѧϰ壬ͷ룬׼ǹҽˮ죬˵ҲǺ֣ܳٿʱ顣
ˮһҪҲòǸԣǱҪ֯ϱ֯ͬſԡ
־浱Ȼʾͬ⣬Դ̽һ֯϶̬ȣ֯Ͻ룬Ȼһ֯ϻ᲻ͬ⡣
Ժ󣬱ˮʡί֯룬Ҫг죬ṩйؿԱ
һϵˣʡί֯һҪʡίͨʡίҲѰм־жԲԺϷȥ֮󲻹飬ɵӰ󣬱ֱӳɵӰ
ʡίѸ֪־Ҫ飬жϳһּıȻʡίѾųٵ漰Υ⣬ҲҪ־ڵĶգǱӡ
ڻ֪Ժʡίϵôһ£һʱ䣬Ȼץʱ׼־ȡʩҹζࡣ
ʡί֮Գٳûж־涯ֲȡʩһΪص֤Ҫȡһ벻Ҫ̫𶯣Ͼ֮ǰ鴦˺üˣĲ鴦ԽʡֲһӰ죬Ӱ콵͵͡
һ־Լȶˣ˵ȽϾ䶯ȥ»԰һʡίʱ̶־ȡʩԲȥˡ
Ҳ֯һޣʡίֱʡˮҵˮˮ־绰֯ˣһ¡
ˮȻհ죬̴绰־棬־һӵ绰滹ǷǳĸˣΪ֯ˣĻ֯ȷʵû׷ε˼ˣȻʲô
һ룬־漱ææˮİ칫ң֮󣬾Ϳʡίıһǿ򶨣һˮǲǻ£һٹ
ˮȴ֣ͬʱʡίҲվȻ߹ȥһ˰ɣ
־̿ˮô£˵𣿡
ˮû˵ʡί˾ߵǰ˼һȥˣ־֪ҲûзȻҲûõģ쵼ɲͷۣŻŷһ£ͼܡ
ʡίֱӽ־ˣڴ֮ĵڶ죬ʡί˫ľͨʡˮζ־ĵսᡣ
ʡί־ͻȻ֣Щ˸е첻Ϊ־ˮ֮󣬻ᰲȫ½ģû뵽ת˲ִת־ֱʡί˫ˡ
־汻˫֮󣬽ԼΥΥ͵ʵչܵ־ǿֻеһС֣󲿷ַϽˮ־ֳڼ䣬ԼڵϽί鳤ڼ䣬ȡ˻¸Ϊıȡ档
ʡί־Ĳ鴦ȻûǣȽٶԳȽһõӰ죬־棬˵ɴСͿȥˡ
־ĳ£ȽȻҲ׼֪־治ò֯ʱȵ׼β־ϣʧ֮Ҫȡ֯ʩȫ֧֣û뵽־һˣ˵һԤϡ
ȽΪӮβɶΣβҲȥһʡίίȻȽ־ϱֵرȽϻôӦϿɳȽΪԼٵ־
ԣ־ڳԺ󣬳Ƚƽ糣ڴ־ΪҪɲҪʱ̼סʹ࣬Բ򸯻䣬칫ԱҪΪ䣬Ҫ磬Զ븯ܣؼ
־Ͼǰεί鳤Ƚרټ칫ԱһСᣬҪͬʱڸָɲҲҪʵһֱֲ̬̬֧鴦ܹ־ɵӰٵ͡
˺ôľ־ԺһЩ漰ԽƽϢˣͬʱȽǵԼǰ⣬Լ̴ܵܳ󽭵ҲǲȡյĴʩó̴󽭲ҪٴʡǣҪʡõأбµĻ͵澭ȥ
Ƚһ̬ȣó̴ЩֲϾںͽǸĿأڹϾҶƽˣԬǱȽһЩһЩϻǱȽǵģڳȽ뿪ô죿ѵŵֵǮ׬
̴󽭾ǲԸߣǳȽѾʶΣգϴҪ뿪طԲ׼̤벽ʹῪ֮ţһֱйԱṩ㡣
Ƚ˵ôݣ̴󽭾Ƕ˵ﲻ㻹аɣѾԼĹϵҿԼһЩҵ
֧Լ뿪Ƚŭ㶮ʲôֻҪжı£㶼ҳȽĵܵܣûңôվסţҲǿݲύ㲻ҵģ⣬ֻܻ⣬˵ʲôϵЩϵǽǮάϵģһ£˭ҲȲ㣬㲻ߣ˾ͻڱָҵļң
ȽԼܵܵ޴Ϊǳջ𣬸ʶԼĿģǮԶ׬ģһеȨûˣʲôûˡ
Ƚ㷢ﻹʮֵĲûеԼĳίתȥһһ˵ȥҺȥ


902 Լ
һҪȥҺȽǻˣ˵վסӴ֮㲻׼һ𣡡
̴󽭲ͷʵΪʲô׼ȥ
ȽصԴ㣬Ϊҵĵܵܣ뿪Ҫǲ뿪ῴ㣿ʲôҲ֪ҪٸǸһ𣬽˿㲻Ҫڣ
һȽ˵̴󽭾Щɵۣû뵽һ𻹲ˣĻԺûʡǻˡ
뵽̴һŤͷˣȥȽȻҪҲûа취˭ԼĵܵҲǧˣô˵ҲȫģȻûĵܵҲһͨС졣
ȽʱСˣϾ־һЩǣβžĹϵҲǲһˣܵʡǾ̵β֪ˣ϶Ӱ죬ο־Ҳ˲õӰ졣
ڴ֮£òó̴һЩ뿪ʡǣܵѹͻС˺ܶ࣬Ȼûо򣬵Ͳ£ĻϽίĵλͻӹˡ
ҶƽڣͻȻһȥ÷õǸȹݺȿȣԼһ˰һ£ĩʱһ˴һģȻֱ÷õǸȹݣ֮Ҳûж˵ʲôǵһСİ䣬÷Ҳûע⵽ֻæԼ
Ҷƽֵ֮һЩĳԣȻ￴Ŵķ羰һϴκСһ龰˵һȻܸܰоȱһʲôСٹǸоһЩˡ
ŵʱͻȻӵҶƽһ£оڳܣʲô˻طܣһǳĵط
һʱûжҶƽܵĸţƷϵȵĿȣȻ飬һʱǳɡ
ǹ˰СʱҶƽȻӵͻȻϴС˵飬˵Ҫ԰𣿻᲻Ƿ£
ͷһ룬Ҷƽ͵վƿߵȥһˣҪһܣҲ˽ΰһᣬڰ칫뵽ȥЩǲ˽⣬Ϊ̫ƽʲôҲûУµ
֮ҶƽߵֻϴļһڴЦţһŮվԱߣغţǲһеϷŮ֮⡣
Ҷƽüͷһ˹ȥȻһʲô£ô
һתͷҶƽ˹ŮһӾûг֣ǼһͷҶƽ£ʱҶƽµ˭ˣǲ£
Ǻ׵ӣҶƽûǣֱŮ˵𣿡
Ů÷ãһҶƽ⣬ĵʱС˵ǹСѵҲ¹
ұпСʱˣҲûмҶҶô⣿÷þǼߵҶƽߣһӡ
Ǽһ÷ýҶƽʲôǺɵؿ˿Ҷƽⲻڻǵİɣʲôһ˵ֵط
ߣˣҶƽҲû˵ǣ÷ýʲôǼӣҲ÷þȥֱӶվȥ׼뿪
һҪߣ÷סǵǲߣߣ
÷һվǵǰ棬⼸˸סˣһ÷ûǲߣһ˾Цصߣǲ㰡С椣
һʱǵӣ÷øͨ죬ָǵǡå
˲åôˣˣǼ˾ЦصϷ÷
⼸˷ȻһЩ֮ܿǵصĺڶŻԱôһ룬Ҷƽ÷ߵһȥ˵ǼǷǮ
⼸һҶƽǹ£ǱʱǱȻղ÷˵Ҷƽʲô˭֪ǲ÷ڻǣǳҶƽµʲô£ҪӶ£жԶԶ
ǳԲѷҶƽصˣǮʲôΪûǮͲҪѣ
һҶƽ˵ǼӾһͳǮ˭ûǮأӵǮǣҾǲԸôİɣ㲻ʲôҰ
ҿҶƽɵﱬһֿڣЩǷڲǹĻһžȥȻúõذ⼸˸һ١
ǹ˼֪ΪȻˣʹЩåƦҲ˵ķ飬һ룬ûгͳֻά˹
άһӵҶƽĵ绰æҶƽҶƽǸĵַһĻȴǼӿСӿ²ʲôǺһʲôϴɣǻûмǰĺϴ
ȵҶƽ绰֮ǼӾָҶƽǲԼܣϲԼˣܽжˣҾܽж
ǲӣҶƽһ룬ɫصðǽ˰ҲԼˣȲҪߣǶţ
һҶƽҲµĲ磬⼸һ¾ͱҲͳ绰ص磬񿧷ȹǰԼܣɼ˹
ͷһ⻰Ǻʣ⼸Ȼǿһ˵Ҷƽжôţǣ˵ٸٸһҲŹ
ͷһȻҲǱŭˣ̴Ӧ˹ȥԷˣҶƽȻǲɫҪʵظЩһѵҪȻЩ˲֪ŵʲôز
÷һҶƽôǲ֪ôˣС˵ҶƽǹôԼܵˣˣҪܣһܣһô죿
÷þҶƽſ˵飬ҶƽƺѾĵƵģҪ£һȥǵġ
ҶƽҲǰŰɣ÷ҲоԼûʲô취Ҳˣǵڻû죬ҶƽǳȣһҲǼˣֻҶƽƽˡ
ҶƽԷҲ绰Լˣһ룬ָάһţ˵һ侯Ҫǹʵ
һյţάҲ֪巢ʲô£Ҷƽ£ãΪҶƽˣ˭ҶƽģҲҪҶƽģҶƽ侯ϵȥ侯


903 һµ
˫һʱǶţ÷þǶţҶƽŵһô죬Щ˵׻ˣľôûٶȳĻ϶Цġ
ҶƽµʱһȻӾ죬ɢɢ˹е˭ľ
÷һæܹұľǳԷǮ
ɨ÷һۣȻǼӣǼһˣһ˳߹ȥȻչȥСصһ˵
˹ȥȻֹ˰죬˵Сӵһ£˼ҿǱ˾ģ
ӵİɳҪСӣһŻһ¾ˣȥ̻ԻͣҲȥ
һۣһ£ȥһ¡
Ǿ÷߹ȥȻ˼䣬һ˽⣬ű˵¾ףǹܣȥ˾ɣ
һ÷õصô¾ˣﵷأ
ǵǳķǮһծ񣬲¾ʲôǲǿǰǮɣ
÷һ˵͸оеߵڰ׵ĸоĿⲻɵؿҶƽ㲻ǹ˵һ°ɡ
ҶƽܵͶĿ⣬پЩĵλ̫󣬼ʹȥ˵ǣҲûʲôãֻ߹һǵ˼ǣܲˣ
ǹܲˣûȨܣǴˣȻǻܣûзʲôףôܣǽƱ
ֿһۣҶƽǵһ£ܵһͻվﲻҪߣţ
ʲôʱʲôʱѵҪǴܣͬҶƽҪ˵ղź˵ˣô
һӣҶƽǹʲô죬Լôİֱ࣬ĳ谡
ǸҪҶƽ÷ˣǼӵļˣŰ취ͻȻ֮ͿƺƵһȺˣҶƽ̧ͷһüһԷеڵˣʮˣ治٣ղž˵ȴ˼ٹܣڿҪˡ
ԼѾҶƽе˻ûеǼӲؿҶƽһʮӵӡ
Щ֮󣬱˽ô£˭ҪԼܣ
Ҷƽһ׼ǲҪ˭֪һתͷȻˣ㵽Աȥˣֱӡ
ҶƽǸҪ֮ʱΪ׵һ˾ߵǰָı˵Լܣ
ָҶƽŲ˵ҵ˻ûûбҪְɣ
Ҷƽʮ侲ӣΪִʵǸ˭ģôţ
Ҷƽؿ㿴Ǹ˭ģ˭ֵҸ
Ϊ˲һʵСӽ
Ҷƽص첻ҳҲô˰ɣ
Ҷƽһ˵Щ˶ʱЦоҶƽ˵ЩϾҪһٱᣬأ
㴵ʲôţƣеأһҴһ㣡Ϊ׵˳úǿ׳һĴָָ֣Ҷƽ
ҶƽЦЦðʵԵһңҲģ
˵ʲôǲǷᰡҪǿСͷˣΪû뵽Ҷƽô˵ֱû
ҶƽĿһصǴܻǲϲӲ𣿡
⻰һ˵˴磬֪
Ϊһȭͷ˿ҶƽȻǷᣬǾͱҲ㣬ȻйЩˣŶˣôǻûǲǲ˰
ŵӣҶƽɫ㵣ĵ飬ڲҪɣҵš
һҶƽҪ˴ܣ÷üæ˹ҶҶ磬ǲҪ򣡡
ƺҶƽΪģһ뵽ڴܰ²ãתڽҶƽҶ磬ҶƽʶԼŴ˾ǽ÷ã÷þͲһ֣һ÷óõмء
һ÷˹Ϊ׵˲ǼЦһҲС椹һɽʲôҶ磬ǲҶ
ԷţҶƽȵòͷˣ˵ʲôԼҶȼˣ
һ⻰Ϊ׵˾Ǵŭ־ҶƽȥҶƽþûлˣڹά֮ǰȻһ£ȳȥ컹Ч
ԷһȭҶƽ˿ȭ絽֮ʱͻȻ˸оҶƽģû뵽ǰȴǲҶƽӰ˿գˤ˸ʺ
ģСӡ˽⳰ʽ˵һ
򣬺磬ǵſϷԱߵ˾ǽ
ջȭͷٴҶƽȥҶƽڣȻǱâӲƴһգй˾ǸеЩСҶƽˣȻҶƽûл֣ǴţСݰ
ôҪٹ𣿡Ҷƽɵֵ
һҶƽɵӣǷŭȻȫǰȥ̩ɽѹ֮Ҷƽ
ԷϰԼ˹Ҷƽʱһ㣬ȻһһȲ°ɨȥһʱӦֻͨһˤ˸ʺˤøʵʵرĴ
磡ͨһأû˾Ǿæܹȥ
˱ˤһţоκģ˰˿ΧҵվﲻҶƽе㲻оһվҶƽȥ
Ҷƽβ׼ˤһˣҪŰסʵʵģȻȥҪʱҶƽõʽץסԷһȻһУһӽ˵ĸ첲ץסȻһŤת壬˵ĸ첲סˣһбȽϺݣһ۵ýҲҶ
û뵽ҶƽôʱΧָҶƽſ磡
Ⱥ߹ˣҶƽص˺ҵ˻ûأһϣ
ҶƽʮֵӣЩ˸еһ֣ƲʲôʲôϵĸˣһµаȵҶƽٹǻܴùҶƽǲ
УٽˣԽԽã


904 
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906 յӲÿ
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մӦ֣־ȥţѴĹˣȻͷһȥ̻ԻʹƵȥˡ


907 ʡί̸
齻˰׺־ȥҶƽҲֻһȨ֮ƣСҲԿڵⲻ٣ĹûϸִһЩӸһˣĴڣ˵ɢȻ˵ϽйֲȫʡʡΪȷȫʡĹһõķչ
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Ǽɱԩ龭ʡĵи飬飬鷢ֵİȷʵһ⣬֮ҶƽûȥڸʲôʾֻҪʲô⣬Ǿȥʲô⣬ʵǵԭУ϶ǾסʷĿġ
Ӱ쵽˵참ԱһЩԱҶƽרŰǽٿһ飬Ǳʾ˴£µǰ˴ԸȥԣԵһҪȥԣԲĴ
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βɿһ˽ıȽʱע⵽⣬ҲһЩ飬оڵΰƲãҳ˷֯ʱע⵽һ⣬Ȼôʱһÿ϶Ӳ
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βɵͬҶƽֿһҪѹеİֻҪϸ鴦鶼費ãΰôã
βı̬ҶƽܴĹ裬һģڿôһˣ겻βҲǲýȻͲκεĿڰһӾҪһӣǵðѱĶɡ
βɵİ칫ҳԺҶƽһ룬׼γһݱ棬ҪһʽݣһݽʡίһݽʡһҪβɵĻβɵ֧֣ʡʡ϶Ҫȫֹ֧ĹֻҪ㹻֧֣ʡͿԴݲù˭ֻҪӦ֮⣬ͿԲȡһ֯ʩЩĹɾȥʵιĿ꣬ͬʱҲƽڳĿչ


908 ¼ط
ʡĴڳжҶƽܳﻮȻУҶƽ֪ҪִģжûеǲеģھͰѾʡߵĴڳжǿ϶Ǵ򲻳ʲôɼҪΪʡǹϵ۸ӣ׿չ𶯣Ҳһڹչ
ԣҶƽûʡǿչʲôģжϽйҲڹ۲ŷڴϲȡӦ̬ȣȻٿ˴͵Ļ鲼飬ǲûвȡʲôʵԵж
ҶƽûȥעյǰĿ˸еĴڳȻҪڣȻҪʣĵطͲûжȻٲϵǰѴڵĵһվС
ҶƽʡڶӵĳԱУʡڶ½˸飬άΪʡܶӶӳȻάûжһһְܶӵܶӳ
һУʡٲﾴ˵ȻҪӭӣٴμٲʱҶƽоЩƲ֣Ȼ֪ʲôԭ򣬵һΪӹҷίһֱطںö鶼ˣȻطеһЩۣ֮һĴۣΪβйأϾβɲžǰ֧
ҶƽԺٲȻЩЩ飬ﾴȻʣҶƽԺ΢Цţ־ΪֳίǵȻҲҪͬ˾໥档
ٲԺҶƽȫʡĴڳõ˴ǰУϣһѹãʡȫ֧֣ʲôҪҲ
Ҷƽǳ֧йӣ־еﵱȻǸˣϾʡ֧ǹŴٲȴûʲô˵ĵطĹȤڼ䣬еһЩطǳ𣬹һЩֳдٲֱֹ˺־УʾҪάõصľûִܸģĴжҲƳĴڡ
ٲһ˼룬ҶƽȻǺ΢ʵģٲһԼĶĶֵȥʲô£޳Ī޷档
δڳжȫʡͳһõģʹٲҲûãִʡľٲֻԼ棬Ҷƽ˴ҪָйֵĹ
ٲﾴڼԺҶƽ־ее쵼ӳԱ̸ʵܶˣάҲǣ־Ҳ֪һҶƽһʱȽɡ
˿ǣҶƽЦ˵ҶǱҴ˴ιҪǶеĴڳжȻڴڳһֱȫʡǰͷǾԲԵģڶʷʱ䳤ײǲȫȥץǿ϶޷ɼģҪδڳжʣȡһڶŻһĵãҸҲҪжϽڵзһȷжϣȻչá
һҶƽ˵ұ֪˴ǰ˵ĿģΪй־ֳȻǶеĹڴץҲҶƽй⡣
Ҷƽһ˵꣬־оǼæʾһᰴʡҪѸãȫץôڳʡίʡһĴ
־ı̬ҶƽͷȻйֵһֳҶƽ˵ǰһЩҪйȫи㱨йغڶڵ
ǵĻ㱨ҶƽͷȻ˼ָʾǽץסţһҪһõĽȥ
ԺҶƽûлȥдһ죬׼ȥ¼ǱӲһ£˽һĴڳж
˭֪ڶһҪȥ¼صʱ¼ȴǷһ£ũתĹҶƽָڵԺʼûнģ鵽֮Ϊûȥע⣬¸طȺڶܴ
һĴ֧ȥȥҪٽתΪﲻǷ˿ڽǣڽǷԺ󣬱ˡ
ĴͶһ֧黹֣֣һӼķŭˣǾۼ˺ö񣬰Ѵ֧ΧŹˣһȴǸϱߣôѾƷˡ
һӾ¼ίע⣬عֵ˹ֹѾԽԽֵ࣬˸޷ˣ¼ίֻϱί
ﾴ֪ԺǴһҪͬҶƽ¼ӲģǷ飬̽Ҷƽ㱨Ҷƽ֪ͬҲǷǳԾ飬ǻСĺ䶯ô죿
ٲ֪Ժ󣬾ҪﾴǰһҪ飬ʱ棬Ϊ֪ٴãϾǲÿҲΪһЩţ´⣬ȥЩԼ
ﾴڵ£Ҷƽһ룬ͺһֳһȡѸƽϢ£ԽԽɲصʧ
˺ܿ쵽¼أ֮Ҷƽ͸о˴εֵıȽϴԱȥҲǳҶƽһǸûЭ̶Ի
Ҷƽһ룬˿ﾴڣﾴҲŨüչҲûʲôֻܲȡǿӲʩҶƽеĻֻᵼԽԽԼһǰȥһˣȡ˵Щ
ҶƽűװһߣҪҵĵȺڣֻҪҳǺð࣬˭֪ûϴǸ⳵˾˾һҲǺܾȣ۾һգգؿ
ҶƽһҲû뵽æ֣ʲô
⳵˾С˵飬Ҷƽһ룬˾ҲǼʶ㣬æ˵ĴһáһߣȻһЩ飬ܲϹЩȺ뿪پۼӰ쵽ΰ
ҶƽҪ󣬳⳵˾˿֪Ҷƽһù٣ϴ֪ģҶƽȻ֪Ҷƽڵʲôְ񣬵Ҷƽˣ϶ҪģȻҶƽҪôҪǲæǸоϹȥ
һ룬⳵˾ǸҶƽϵĻϣҪ׷йԱΣҲҪʲôҪǴ֧̫ѷǿǸתŭ
ҶƽһӦʾֻҪϣһж˵ȺǵҪ뷨ġ


909 ٲܴ
Ҷƽͳ⳵˾ôһ˵⳵˾һ˼ҲӦҶƽҪ󣬱Ͼ֪ҶƽǷǿũתģҶƽһҪôǾҶƽܴ飬Ҳһֱš
ӦҶƽ֮⳵˾˹ȥ֧֯ԿԱϵ⳵˾ҲǼʶ㣬ŲٵԵȻǽϵ
˵ǰһԱڹˣЩ˾һȻ⳵˾йⷽ飬⳵˾ǰǽ˽ܣ֮󣬾˹Ҷƽ档
Ҳɺϣ⼸˵оҶƽϴιеˣһһʶҶƽЦǵ֣˽ȻڵҪ
ЩһҶƽֹˣһǹ̸µģһ룬ǾǸе˼Ҳ׷ΣЩԾйǣҶƽһӣϾǶǵǣǵҪ֪ˣֻҪǵָӣұ֤ǲܵκε׷ȻΥ˷ɣǻҪȥ϶ǲϣңһһõĴ
Ҷƽǵ˼빤ЩһеǲеģһҲǸеҶƽһŵˣҶƽķԸ˵ͻһõĴ
һЩ˱㿪ʼ˼һ⳵˾˵Ը⳷ֳҪӦ鴦ǣҲҪ׷ǵΡ
Ҷƽ͸ǣһҪԴӦǵڶҪҪֻ΢ΥΪԲ׷лӴеңǲǵΥΪϸǡ
ЩһѹǺܴ󣬵Ҳ֪ܽҲֻҶƽţһ֮ǾҶƽĻȻǳֳ
ﾴżҪͻȻȺʼɢˣ֪ҶƽȥȰ˵ǣЧˡ
û뵽ҶƽôﾴھǽסҶƽʾлòƵĴ񻯣ٲ϶Ҫܵ
ҶƽԺ¼ί쵼ǳһ߹ҲҶƽ֣ǵӣҶƽ벻ǣǣȺôȡֹΪ
Ⱥɢ֮ҶƽǱʾҪԴЩµȺڣһҪش£ҪĻ̻̣³ָ⡣
Щ֮ҶƽǻصУٲ˵õԲҪҶƽĹͣҲǺܸˣҶƽ֣Ȼ˵
ټһ飬Ҷƽ֮ˣٲľǺҶƽı£ҲֳҶƽԶҶƽָ⣬û£
һ飬ٲʵҲǸеЩ£Ūʰĵزίǿ϶ҪеܴΣʹźǿĿɽҲС
ٲúõؿҶƽһУԭˣﾴڸˣΪеεĻ϶геΣҶƽ⣬ҲҪмҶƽ
Ҷƽĵһص飬Ҷƽˣ˾ܵ⣬ûʲôԱʹҲʡίʡΪŭɳ鱼е˽
Ҷƽ뿪Ҳûȥ飬β֪ԭתϵ̬ȣǰйȥĹذ˭ξ˭Ρ
ҶƽǸϸˣȻǵ˽ٲﾴ֪ԺǺܵǣ֪ʡίʲô˼᲻ˡ
ʡίһھܵĵ飬γ˵鱨棬ڵ鱨浱Уǰǰ˳ǱȽϿ͹۹ģȻǱȽϿ͹۹ģôʡίȻͻϿɡ
ύʡίԺʡίǽоҶƽϯ鷢γһֹͣƶתȺԸתǱǻԸڶǣ¼ίҪ쵼ͬ־Դ¸شΣί¼ίǡسְؾ洦֡ίڵõʡصı֮ûӹ⣬Դฺһ쵼Σίٲгﾴڷֱ赳ھǹ֣ίд̼顣
һٲȻеǳˣ鶼ģҶƽֵܻĸ󣬵ǸʱͲǼǹˡ
ֽٲﾴֻнܣٲǺܳ־ģһǾЩ̾ˣҪ֪ڷͷʢƺܿθʡǳһ¡
һ뵽ˣٲȻƣҶƽľͺˣ֮£ȻŰ취УһʱûкܺõλӰ
ҶƽͷָȫʡĴڳж˽з飬˽йֵ飬ڰһ̾ڵصĺڶˡ
Ҷƽָʾ˽йּӴⷽĹȣ⣬ĵҲǽһţһȫʡĴڳжǸˡ
һʡǵѹǺܴ󣬷ոܵѹҲץһͣʡǵĹϵ̸ڣ˭ҲץץһЩѹȫʡˣ㲻
վǰ֣־йһӣȻʡ֣־һ˵ͱ𽻸ˣǽ˰ɣôĺᰡҿҶƽˣڲǺܺΪʲôҪٽⷽĹ
֣־Ļվ˵˵˲㣬˵ʲôãڸжǶˣٲǾͺܱˣҪҿǸɺô
ȻǺᣬ֣־ϵУ˽֣־ô˷յĻ֮˵У㲻ϺᣬС죬ڵС̫ˣѵܴɺ᣿
һ˵վЩˣ˵УǸУܲΪҷһЩǣϵѹܴҶƽҲңûʲô֪ôʡί㱨ʡί쵼ˣҾͻ㲻ˣ
ٴһѹˣ֣־һʱû˵ӣյҵģͳ֣ѽ£ֻҪ½ҲʡˣҲ˺ܴһ
һ˵֣־ͳ˵һ¬˹ĹϵܺãҪǹ¬˹أ


910 
֣־һ˵յϾһ¬˹ʲôϵ֣־֪ģ֣־ĹϵȻ֪һ㣬Ըȥ⣬֣־˵ھǽһ
ղһо֣־ЩĻ֣־Ȼ˵ȻĿǣǿ֣־»𲻺õĺ
һղӲ֣־ȥζԸˣʼķ־һЩ飬Ͼһ㲻ǲеģʡ˵ȥҲôʲô
ҲǷǳɣڿʱ¬˹ṩһһһ¬˹˵¬˹뽭֮кϵͬʱԵĹϵۺ¶ݣǿ϶ǽ˺ʣǽǸ¬˹һģ¬˹ϵ¶һʲôʱҪ¬˹ģһ˵¬˹С
ǽԼҲһЩС֣ڰ׺һưԣҲǲС¬˹ǳеʱʵһֺĹϵ
ʡǵ˼¬˹뽭˫Ľ˸ռһĹɷݣͶʼǧԪǰʮֵĺһȥ͸оԼǽ˼䣬ĸˣͬϵɳأȫһЩƯŮ
˼ͬ˼ɾױȵܣȻָˣֻҪһˣûȻҪȻǽˣһЩûˡ
˼ʡǣ˲֪˲ȺϣܽˣǸҶƽԴ˵ǴûнȥȻֱ̫ˣʵ̫ࡣ
˼Ϊɹ֮أŸӵ̹ϵ˼仹ôߵӰڵΥ飬û˸ȥܣȻȥܣԸȥͱѣ
һȻ˸ҽȥңֻ˵Щͷ࣬˵ڵϳ̫ˣ˵ͷࡣ
ڰ׺½һݽɫΪ׵һ˽ͽеһƴǱȽҪᣬҸ׺ݣʮͳ죬ʮͽʮųһǺ¶ݣټһѣʡطһûʱûϵҪֻпһ֣ݣ
ݲǴܺݣڴ֮£ƽҲݣʹʲôֶֻҪܰƽУַúܶȴý֮ҲǱɫԸ˽нȻ档
͸оȻǮ϶ûнֻ࣬ƴܣδĶ֣ڿǾ˵ʡطǲʵȻܺǾǾϵýһͷý֪֪֮
Ȼ˵һʺҲΨֶܲΪԺۺʵǾǲսģ¬˹ս˼Ϊ¬˹˵ʲеϵ˼⣬ǾҪˡ
û뵽ǣ·ƵļһȻ˼Ķ濪һνĴ󸻺󸻺žս˼䣬ԺĲʵҲս˼ģҽ¬˹֮ǳһ绰ùֵҸɰѴ󸻺ˣСץö󸻺ûһ¾͹Ъҵˡ
úеǳҲǳ뱨αͳҪ˼飬һʱ׼ѱĿ˼ϣҪý֪û첻ɵ¡
Ⱦ׼һȥ˼ѣһӾ˼İԱˣ̱һеѣĿĲܿҵģ뷨ǽѡ
һ룬Ը˼ķԱߺ˾˵ˣٽӴˣǸٹ
Աо˼ⲻԸѣʱбûȵǽһӣھṩµɣһǿʼڴﳳһӸƻˡ
˼Ϊ߼ѵ˶һЩҪһӳǰƻˣĿ˿϶ܵţ´οܾͲˣ˼ɷǳõӰ졣
һ⣬оµģб̷ԸԱ׼üһȥֹ£ͬʱбþ
ûӦ氲ԱĶһӣʼ˼дңһʱ֮˼һƬǽ壬ȵʱѾʰˣʮֵ׺ݣ˵ˣֻ뾯д
һתﳤȥһʡǶΪ֮𶯣˼䰡ʲô˸ȥңⲻǷ𣿳ǷӲ
˶ôΪģһ¬˹ðѱӶˤˣʡʲôλǽһĵλھȻ˸ǾڴҡĵλҪǰڲƽ£߰ڵòףԺ˻ԽԽ࣬ͻγƴЧӦԲֵ顣
ҪƽµķǰѷսеԼĽ̻ԻʹƵȥȲ裬մʱҲ֪飬о˵ҲǷǳĴ󣬾Ȼ˼ĵط£ÿûа죬ʡˡ
ղȥⰸ¬˹ҵ⣬ʱһȥӣȻΪڵĳɼʡ㱨
¬˹Ǿһ飬ǴˣȻ¬˹ҲȻ֪ûзյİʡһĵλǲñסȻ˷գ¬Ĵڣ¬˹Ҳһǿ֧֡
֮¬˹ǰ˵һ飬Ȼŷհƽ£ֻҪܰƽ£ʲôӦġ
һЦһЦûж˵ʲô¬˹ղĹϵøĴۣģֻҪһЦ˵Ӧˡ
ǵһпŵյǰʱȴЦЦ˻ȥ˵¬ˣ㲻ңҲȥģڲҪżº˵ɣһҪлṩһĻᣬֻҪϣṩ֤ݣŴˡ
һ˵¬˹ЩĿɿڴû뵽ջ᲻Ҫп


911 ȱ
¬˹һʱ׷յӷյķԸҷ˵º˵Ǿ˵ǷգҪĺôǵºҪȻҲ᲻£³֮󲻸κεĺô
ڷҪʱҶƽȻҲ֪飬˼淢飬оͻȻͬʱҲоһᣬΪϽоֳٳûʲôʡĴڳжȡ̬ȣ׼ʩѹ÷վȡжû뵽ڷ飬ⲻһʩѹĺûᣬһʡϽоֹĺûᡣ
鷢ԺҶƽĶҲǺܿ죬ŹάϽо֣˵ҶƽȻǳӭӣ˫һǢҶƽͷն
˿գҶƽ˵гϻΰ¼ӰܶӣоֶԴʲô
ûϵҶƽ˹ע˼飬æ˵Ҷڽоأʵһӣһ˵˼⵷ң˼ʩԼԱ·Ժоָ߶ӣרųרȫưǸоЩ˺ܿǾкʵ֯׼Դ״ݻŻ
ҪдڣҶƽûʲôرıʾ֮ڣĿģһ룬Ҷƽ˵гʡ￪չڳжѾЩʱˣжչĲʡһĹԵЩоֵĹʡҲܹģʡǵĴڳʡоֹͬΡ
Ҷƽһ˵նʱҶƽһۣ˼Ҷƽ⻰⣬Ҷƽ˴ǰȾ˼⣬ʵĿʲôڻжϣҶƽ˵ĻЩˡ
Ҷлʡǹ֧֣ԹǾиɾˡվӦһ¡
˵⻰Ҷƽ֧ǿ϶ģ˼䷢£ǲܾ£ֻһ˵ĺץȻһᣬˣ˼ֵ飬ʵӳʡǴڵһЩ⣬ҪΪʲôȥ˼ıǲǻŶ⣬ǱҪʡڶûж飬˼ӣʡҪһĽ֣ӣȡоڴڷһĳɼ
ҶƽһҪ󣬷һףҶƽ뵽Ͻоֵ鵱УŲϽоֵء
ôһ룬ձ˵Ҷ˼ԼᴦõģȻ˹ָǻӭġ
ҶƽȴǵʡڶӹָǽӣǰӣǵĹһٽӰòˣȻٽǴĳɼǵġ
Ҷƽ̬ȷҪӣһʱûؾؾҶƽֻ˵оֹûãʡ֧ǹевٵѹԼûɼܾʡİ϶ǲеġ
ûа취ҶƽʡȻҶƽƽְû˼ҶƽĴԻҪҶƽġ
Ҷƽùάӽֹʡڶȥ飬¬˹֪󣬻Ƕһ֧֣ΪһʡҲ飬ӵȻйģϾǺ˵Ļ海
ʡԺչ飬˺ܿʵץ򵥵һ£ץ֮ȡ֤ȴһμḶ́Ҫ֪Щ˶ʲô֮ڳ֤һ¡
άŴڶӵԱҹȻʱҶƽл㱨ҶƽĿģҶƽ뵽˼£ԲֻҪѺץˣŸ⡣
ʡǵĴڹٳٶƽˣҪԭʡûкڣΪʡǵĺ̹ϵӣһ̽ϰ壬˭ҲдźἸ֣෴ˣǺ׽дź¶ݴᣬ鴦Ǿ̫ˡ
Ը˸òʡ棬׺־־ͿԸ㶨ˣҶƽùά˽룬ôĿľͲǺˡ
һʼպ¬˹˶ûвĿģάڰнŹȫѺֻʡ˲ܽӴĿʵ˼䣬Ҷƽͨ׼ʡǺ˶ӡ
ֹͣ˶԰õصɧţΪ˸˻˵ǰõ빫άŹϵټ£϶á
Ͻоַ־ֵһֳĻȻô־ֳָ֪άάʡܶӵܶӳά˻Ҫȥǲɵ
õװЩˣǴ绰ҶƽҶƽ֪΢΢һЦά˴û⣬ǹά֪֮뷨İõæɣʵĴߣ᲻ɧŰõǶʲôˡ
õǷǳлҶƽҲ֪Ҷƽڷǳæûʱ棬ҲֻҶƽ绰л
ʱҲٹעõʡǷزгչˣΪԴԬιԺĹϵֺˣԬȻŵǣһЩϵȻٽΪǣһʱ֮ʡֿʼ˳˳ˮ
СٻǰҶƽҶƽ֪һ֮Ҳû˵ʲôԬһʲôԸ֪ģԴٲʧ֮ǺϧڵλӣоԼλҡ϶ᷢ˵ģȥˣԴҶƽ뿪Ժ󣬹ԱûжСٻ칫λڼţЩ˶ҶƽεˣҶƽʡαȥҶƽˣ
ȻԬ𣬵ǶԽ˷ҶƽȴǸеܲˣʱҲֱˣΪϽеĸгͬʱַֹܹĹϵǺܲ
Щ»ԾҶƽе鲻ãڹܲЩ飬ֻԼ˵
ҶƽΪ˼ı¬˹¬˹ıǷգյıһ̵Ĺϵ뷿ջγ̹ϵ⣬ȽǱĿɽһһһ飬ûֻ֣д֣һСȱڣ˼ƺСȱ֮һ
һҶƽùάڵͬʱܵ˼飬ȡҳص֤ݲϣΪһõĻ


912 ߿
ܵнеģҶƽ׼ͻƣæڹĹʱȴͻȻ˵߿ˣ߿Ȼһصس;ͻȻ˳һ۶ĳӲײ˸߿ר˾߿ˣҽԺȡ
ϢģϾ֪Ҷƽ߿֮ȻˣǻһЩҶԸ߿ǸҶƽģҶƽ߿֮Բȫ˶ϣûʲôϵˣԱǸҶƽ
ӵ绰ҶƽһӱķǳţȻ߿ôãûжԸ߿йʲôԹ֮ǹһ˵߿˳һӽ
һ룬Ҷƽһȥһ¸߿ȻܲãϾˣȥ߿֪ˣΪ߿֮ûж˹ϵƽѩ֪Ҳá
ȥһµĻҲǹȥϾǷһҲҪȥ
˾ԺҶƽǰУ֮ϵӵĵ绰̹
ԺҶƽйظ߿ͰѸ߿ľһ¡֮ҶƽеģæһȥҽԺ߿
ҽԺ֮Ҷƽֻ߽߿ڲϣȻûѹеѹʱ򣬸߿ĸ׸ĸҶ˽߻ڴһӡ
Ҷƽһͷǿ˸ˣڣҶƽȻûʲôѾݣˣ͸߿飬Ȼ޷˵ʲôǸ߿飬أһЩ񣬸оҶƽڷԺ󣬲Ҫ߿ˣټҶƽʱ򣬾Щ˵
ҶƽǼæȥո֣ǹٳˣҶƽְܹ߿ĻгͬϣҶƽûʲôȻܶҶƽʲôڸ߿˳ҲǷǳĳأԿҶƽչ֣Ҳû˵ʲôǳء
Ҷƽڵ飬Ȼǿ˿ңҼֻһ䣬ǵͷȥ߿ĺˡ
߿иĬҶƽ˿⺢ȷʵǲ˵ҿȥоԽԽԼҾǰѺӴһߣƺԸҶƽ
ӵܶ˶ڴҶƽģҶƽҲоǸ߿ϣҲûа취ڿҲֻܲȥǿʲô
ǰ߿˱Ƚ϶࣬Ҷƽ˿ǺߵԱߴһ䰲źõţҶƽĵӣ൹ǸܵҶƽ顣
뵱Ҷƽ߿ĽϻǣߴţֻǺҶƽ߿Լ̸ģڸ߿ȻҲǸеˡ
ѾθгҶƽĵӣ㰲οƽѹģ㲻Ҫ̫ġ
̧ͷ˿࣬ҶƽΣôͻȻײĳأԱûн룿
һҶƽ˵˵ڵ£Ҳ֪ʲô˵רźҵǾÿԲ󣬱Ͼس˭ôĵרȥ
ĻҶƽųֿԣӦӴȥһС
оҶƽҪĵԵʣͱʾͷһ¹ĵ飬ҳĻһسίҲ߶ӣġ
Ļ֮ҶƽİͷǸеЩΡ
ҽԺСʱҽصؽȣҶƽһνʱ߽߿Ĵͷǰ߿Ȼ۾գ˾ҶƽЩȻ£߿ˣһı磬˵Ҳйأ˲Ļ߿᲻᲻
ҲΪ߿ĵʱҶƽ߿ȥͻȻָ߿۾˶ȻҲڶһæһ
߿ѹоһιŹأ۾ĵһ۾ǿҶƽû뵽ҶƽһʱЩãȻҶƽ֣ԼҶƽЦ
ͷָ߿ֿһŹǿĬվԵӣˮһ˳
ӣҶƽǰȥᣬ߿Ҳǿ֮ƺһֻص˴ǰʱ⡣
߿ƺҪҶƽæסҪúϢҶƽԹ߿ʱζȫû뵽Ҷƽһô͹ˣ˵ҶƽҲˣûо飬ϴƺ̫ˣӽҪ
һ߿ˣҲǷǳĸˣҵȻˣ߿ˣڿҪµˡ
һˣҲûרȥŸĬҶƽӽһҶƽߵĬЦſˡ
ĬһӣǸˣҪСѧˣĻشҶƽǸˣ¶ĸװЦ⣬Ӧĺӡ
ŸĬһᣬҼæסĬԸҶƽĬ̫ӽĬǼҵĺӣɲԸҶƽѸĬŪˡ
ҽ߿ҲһѸ߿ȲǿҪʧְȹǾллˡ
ڶԸ߿ĿǣҽûҶƽ˶࿴Ҷƽ߿֮ҲͷģڽʡǱ߻йǴߣڸ߿֮󣬱뿪ƣһϼңĸҶ߿£ȥһ¸߿
ʵҶ֪߿ˣûиҶƽΪҶƽ֪Ҫôҿ֪Ҷƽһʲôˣ绰
˼һȦҶƽž뿪˼ص˽ʡǣʡ֮ҶƽȻʹ˲ȥĸ߿Ĳˡ
ÿһ죬ҶƽǴ绰ҽԺҽһʸ߿ҽҲǸе֣߿ʲôϵǸҽԺ绰˵һ쵼˵Ǹ߿ɷ򣬾ͲӦ绰Ǹ߿ɷֻ˭
ҽǾЩɻ󣬱߿һ˵߿һ֪ҶƽҶƽҶƽ绰Ĳ飬ڷźı仯ؼʱ飬Ҷƽ˶ԴʲôͻģΪʲôҶƽദ


913 ɨƴ
߿ڳԺԺʮָӣһ֣ҲܼǿһΪҶƽܵлڰٰ㿼֮Ҷƽȥһ绰
ʱҶƽæʱ򣬵һӵ߿ĵ绰ȻǷǳĸˣæǽ
ͨ绰ԺȻǼһ䣬Ȼ߿ҶƽʾллҶƽڹææƽʱעûע塣
߿ĹȻʮģһ統ʱҶƽ֮ޱȵĸжæָôʲôʱܿʼĻһҪע壬Ҫ̫ƴ
ҶƽĹĵȻҲʮģһ統ʱ򣬸߿ȻҲʮֵĸж뵽һ龰߿оǰЩģͻȻҶƽǲһֱ֪Ĭ˭ĺӣ
Ҷƽһ㶵˭ĺӣ
ȻڴԣҶƽҲڲ²⣬ڸ߿һ̸ʱҶƽȻʮֵļͨͨŸ߿˵ô˵
Ĭһ£߿֮ĽᾧҲû뵽ỳϵʱɱͷǰҵľ֧ˣ֪һֱ֪飬ڸ㣬ףҲȥ²ˡ
һˣҶƽǲ֪ǺˣʵܲԼɵ
߿ݸһЦȻɵбҪ𣿵ڲҲ˵㲻ãҰҲͬ⣬Ƕеıǲͬġ
˸߿ĻҶƽ֪ݲУ˵л£ʲôҪҵĵطܸңЩҲ֪£ûΪʲôԭ£
߿ǿЦһ£û˵ʲôҶƽϵ£Ҷƽʲôû֮Ļ
ҶƽǺһᣬһᣬ˾ǰѵ绰ˣ绰֮ҶƽȻζڸղŵ۵Уڵ˸ոమʱʱ뵽ԼֶһӣͷҲǷǳļ
һ룬ҶƽҶһ绰飬ҶһȻеܾ棬Ҳ²⵽ˣҶƽô죬Ҷƽ͸пյʱȥһĬǶԺӵһֹİɡ
ڴ绰ԺҶƽſʼȥ飬άȥ˼飬ѾһЩüĿȻǸѾץסȥѾˣ¬˹ͽӦǷˣǲ֪άڱʲô
άȡ֤壬˼䲻ٵԱǿе֪һЩ飬˼ƽʱѷǳĸߣÿһûǮ²ôߵշѣȻ˸еĿ࣬˵ͨĹнԱЩСϰҲѲѵˣٵһңܵѵĹԱٵһļС
˼һȾףÿ춼֮ĻȨǮĽףֽԣϰ޹أܶʲôãһֵطֻﻨƵأȻʴ£һЩԱƻص̬Ӱʮֶӡ
Ҷƽ֪Щ֮󣬳˼ãȨžߣ˼һѣһǽ¬˹ҪڳԽˣȾͱð˼ˡ
¬˹˵̹ϵڣҪ鴦˼䣬ðƽĹϵڼΪܵ½С
ҶƽȻηʲôųȥ飬ѱʲô⡣
Űе鵽˼ĲϣҶƽֱȥβɣȻ˵ҪίܣǸѵºľϾ˼ʡǵӰ̫ˣʡ쵼ҲţҪ鴦ʡίһֵͬ⡣
Ҷƽβ֮ϵҶƽֱβɻ㱨Ѱ֧֡βһҶƽĻ㱨˼ΪʡίǣĻǿ϶ǶϽпǡ
˼ӰȽϴȻв鴦濼ǣΪʲôϵĶһЩ˵ķԷβɽҶƽǲúɨƴж鴦һЩƵĳȵʱʱٽ˼£׸ıʡǵ
Ҷƽһûβɿȫ棬ЩˣβɵĻ֮󣬻ȥ̿ʼµɨƴжڳжһ𣬹ͬչŹ
飬ջǱ϶Ϊᣬŷյ˵ļ֣ΪԹɺᣬһȷźĳΣһ淿ձѴΪһɼ
İȻϽоֵһɼ⻹ԶԶҶƽϽоֵĹȻǲģûȥߴϽо֣ǿʼɨƴǵж
ʡǽɨƴǣȻҪϽоΪʡ϶ǲģҪôʡˣҪôͶϽоֵȥҶƽҪˣǾҪ˼ˣڻҪϽоֵΪ
Ҷƽٴϵգ飬նҶƽָɨƴжЩ⣬ɨƴжһӿ϶УҶƽ£Ȼֻͬ⡣
ȻҶƽʱ˼ΪĿ꣬׼ʡǵҵֳΪصĶ󣬷һȻͬ⣬ͱʾϿչȡץһ͡
ҶƽȻͬ뷨һЩֳԶû˼ıȻ׵ö࣬Ҷƽȴ֣ҲֵҲһļϣϸж
ΪʡʡᣬϽǽ֮أŲٵֳܶŮ֣һЩ˵ֳĴҲһ壬һЩ˵Ҫ󣬰Ѵѵʱķ棬ҲͲȥɻˣȻѵľķأ
ЩطĴȴҲڸʴ飬һЩ֮ͬȥ˵޺񣬻ɫڻٵĴţЩطҲȻ޷ȫһҪ
¬˹˵ȴֳʵΪ⣬˼ǲȥģڰһЩֳˣ˼⽫ԽԽãڰ͵֣Űȫˡ
նҲǺܻûʲôɼɨҪһЩɼɣʡ֧֣ûʲô˵ģǴ˼Ƶֳ
ЩֳЩҲйϵģڴԺ󣬱Źϵ뷨лָڴʱֵͷ˭ҲҿӣЩֳûвǳԹԹرʾˡ


914 дƪ
ֳΣҶƽϽоֵ½еģҪϽоҹɹĲСʡֳͣҵ٣صϰ屻̾һʱ֮䣬ʡǵɫҵܵ˴ģĳ
ЩרŴҵʧ㸾Ů˵ֳأǾ൱ʧҵʧҵĹɣ˵ɱĹǾ̫ˣȥĹһеʧ㸾Ů뿪ʡǣǰĵطչȥˡ
еʧ㸾ŮرǺɫ֣ܿҵ˹һµĹص㣬ص˼䡣
ֳأ˼ɣһЩʧ㸾ŮǷӵ˼䣬Ȼ˼ʧ㸾ŮǱЩɫģûɫǿ϶ǲеģ˼Ҫ˼ϰʧ㸾Ůһ¾׬Ǯġ
ֳرգ˼ȻǸƽһܶĿ˶˼ѷȻһ㣬ܱûǿһʱ֮䣬˼ֱǱ
һҾǸе˼ʡͷôɫҵ˼䶼û£һ˼⡣
ҪǴ¬˹˼为⣬¬˹˵˼ֻһֵĲҵ˼վȽŸ˵ʵڵĻ¬˹֧֣û¬˹֧֣Ҳܰ˼俪ô
һ˼ԽԽãҲֿ˻һãֳҲͶ࣬˲ٵʧŮҲ޸ˡ
Сһͻ᷸룬ͻȻ뵽Ϊϴȥ÷ÿȹݶҶƽε£ͷǲҶƽȻǹҲûôعٲֹܣٴû֧֣
һ룬˶Ը÷õ뷨аˣ÷õĿȹȥѣȻ̣˵ȹݵķ񲻺ãҪ÷ý⳥
һ˽ең÷þҪЩ˿ȥõֻسưͿºǸС˵绰˵顣
һ÷˵£СҲǺ֮ǰѲǮھȻʹֶΣⲻ÷⿧ȹݿȥ
÷õǺް취СٴΪ򱧲ƽǸҶƽȥһ绰һ飬Ҷƽû뵽÷õĿȹݻᷢ飬ϴȹݣѵʲôҲ
ҶƽҲʮֵߣ÷Ѿ⳥˼ˣ˵ʲôҲûˣҪ⣬ҪӸϽнĸӻڵصĺڶⱣɹȻ˭÷õĿȹݽеңǻϿԿ϶ӦһƬС졣
һ飬ҶƽһƲߣС÷õæרŰдһϢڱֽϣҲһۼල顣
ۼලǣһЩţŵ֪Լۼලˣ϶Ű취ĥƽ飬ۻٴ۶ԣϾۼලһͻһЩ֣ܵҲǺܶطҪߵġ
С֮ûдֱҪΪǣ飬Ҷƽǹдıǿ϶Ӱ쵽ŵΪطΰãûַͨʽ÷ãǴ绰ҶƽҶƽæ¡
ҶƽȴǸдֱȻڱֽϣר۵ע⣬СһҶƽȻдǸеҶƽһǳεĹԱҪǱĹԱ͵۱Ӱ쵽ǵǧټưۼලı»𲻿ɡ
Ҷƽּ⣬СȥԺǿʼͨ÷õ˽⣬֪ľȻԶŵдϽձרۼලİϡ
ȻλòǺҪǱֽһǺܿ˵ע⣬ҶƽȻǵһʱע⵽֮ǰСȴ绰˵ˡ
ӵСĵ绰֮󣬱רð칫Ұѱùúõؿһ֮Ҷƽһ绰˷յϣûע⵽򱨵յȻҶƽôע⵽飬Ҷƽһ绰żæȥõıֽ֮ŷ顣
ҶƽǸҪ߶ƪƪȷӦǵصΰҲӦǵͶʻƣҪϽ룬һ飬˭ڵңͬʱҪӴȣεصΰҪڳжӪһõͶʻ
һҶƽ˵꣬վǣϾˣܵ۹עˣûκΪǿ϶ǲеģµ绰ϸ򱨵ʱ򣬲ͻȻ֣·ĵص㲻ϴҶƽֵĿȹ⵽ô£Ҷƽôֹעˣô£˭ڰ￧ȹϰæ
ղЩ죬˵⿧ȹݵϰҶƽϵУôûбҪַͨʽҶƽæô˵ƪȫҶƽ޹أȹݵϰ˽аæҶƽڿˣ϶ҪָʾнƽϢۡ
һ룬ձǴ绰֣־һˣоһ飬õ飬Ȼͨýһ£֪ǰˣƽϢۡ
֣־󣬱뷿ռ棬һ򱨵֣־ǲ󵱻£һƪʲô˲ģ鵽ǲĶ˵ء
һӣվǵҶƽŵģۼලСرҶƽڹעˣϽеĵطȻҪϽо𣬶嵽ص㣬Ǿǰ׺־ֽи
֣־һüʣǸô죬վǸϻȥֵ飬һô£ǹеңҪóȻ󱨵ϵֽ顣
˷յַԸ֣־ȥԺֵ飬֪ǽԸָʹģͨȡƵԼѯ÷ñˣܿҵǼڿȹ海ҵˡ
û뵽ҵǣȹصԱǰʱЩ˼ѣȻѣǲûǮģϾǽˣֱӵ˼Ǽ˸ˡ
ȵԱ֮󣬽֪ǳ£Ȼæ绰֣־֣־ô£Ϊʲôᵽ˼ץˣǲǷʲô¡
֣־һӽĵ绰֪ŵ񾯾Ȼֱӵ˼ˣǴ绰Ǽ񾯣ǵ˼ˣΪʲôʾ㱨жô죿Ѽ񾯸һͨ񾯱еίץ˻Ҫʾʾ꣬ô죿ǳֺá


915 ܲ߻
һ֣־֪ǽ˵÷õĿȹ海ˣȻ뽭ĹϵǷ飬Ҳûа취ԭȾýΪƷ׼ҶƽһڽǸ飬÷֪ˣ϶ƹ
ˣ֣־ǰѽ˵һ٣ôһҲûУϴҶƽѾ÷õĿȹˣôȥ÷õĿȹݵңҶƽ÷֮ʲôϵӦͶȥ÷ˣȻְԼȥ˼ҵңⲻǹ
ѽһ٣ֻ󣬽æ鷳֣־һ룬͸Ǯ˸˼ңһҪǸһУֻҪȥǾǲõʲôǮ˸÷þˡ
֣־׼žˣһվǸҶƽΪ永ȽϴӦ°թ⼸ˡ
һ֣־ɵۣʷգΪʲôҪҶƽģѵӣϽоԼ
֣־ܴӣվǸۼලİӣòλ˵Ҷƽͨ˼ҼҲԸ⣬Ҷƽһ£͹һģ֣־һηѣæӷյָʾȥӡ
֣־ֱ⼸¾ͽ˿ȵ绰ʱ֣־ǸҪˣͷôôֳ͵¿ΣʵԼԼµĵ֣Բ׼ٷ飬÷õĿȹݣԲκȥ
֣־ʶ÷õǿ󱳾Ҷƽ÷֮ʲôϵĻ治ȥ÷øˡ
ĽϱҶƽҶƽ֮󣬲Ǻ⣬֣־ֻǾ£ûвЩ˵ıȻ֣־ĵط֣־ŰһЩףãĹֳҪã
ȻЩ֣־Ҫٺܴȷտ϶ͬ⣬һͻᵼʡϽоֵĹϵ񻯣ڵǰ£˫Ĺϵ˶񻯣֣־ô졣
ˣڵõյı֮Ҷƽû˵ʲô￪ʼŶ˼֣˼һ̹ϵ֯Ľ㣬úܶ˸еΣֱ˼䣬ǾһֱʵĶ
ҶƽϸףҪ˼䣬ֻһ˵УβɵĴ֧֣Ȼ֮ǰβ֧㣬βҲǺܽģ۲һʱ򣬿϶ȥ˼䡣
ڹֻǴֳ˼˿ûܵ˺һڴ׳£ֳϰǲˣȻǵĺ̨Ҳǲˣǿʼдʡʡ˴ʡдţٱ˼ΪҪһͬʣǽв鴦
һϢ½ҶƽҶƽ֪Ժ󣬱Ǿò鴦˼ʱѾ죬ֻǻһЩҪȥ
ҶƽһЩٱȥҸѵ㱨һ£֮ǰҶƽûаҪ鴦˼͸¶ѵѵﲢ֪һҶƽ㱨ǳ˼˼ȻŵģҶƽҪ鴦˼䣬϶Ҫźܴ⣬ŪλӶпܲȣֻҪҶƽȥ˼ˣǱ˵ĵ绰ʹ˽ίǶ
ǿҶƽǻΪٱ˱Ƚ϶ȫܣƺҲǲףȻҶƽ£Ǿͱβһ»㱨ֻҪβȫ֧£ûжΣԣ¶˷鲻ɹ֮ӦҲûʲôΣˡ
Ҷƽ̸̸飬ѵҶƽһβɻ㱨飬ӳ˼ƺص飬ȻβҶƽ㱨ˣڸѵţһѵѵ˿ԥôܾܿɣϾѵίǣȻʡίǣҲҪ˼ҸѵĴڣҲǵҪҶƽҪһԭ
ڸѵȻ˼ɣ̬ȻʮȷģǾֻҪβͬ飬ȫ֧Ҷƽȥ£ҪԱʡί֧֡
βǰѵı̬β֪֮˼ֻҪѵҶƽվͬһǺð죬Զסѹˡ
ѵҶƽ˻㱨֮βɾ˾ϸߣƽ⣬ͬڽɨƴǣĿǾٽг˼Ȼ⣬ǾͲܽаӣ˼˭ģ˭ĹɷݣǶῼǣ鷢չҲ˵Щ鴦ԱǽֵܻĺҲԤϵġϣ̬ҪҪ죬ɴؽ⣬Ҫץص⣬鴦صԱĶȥʡһ̩񰲡
βɵĽҶƽͷβɰѾߵһܸߵĸ߶ȣ˳ǿ϶ǶԲסβˡ
˼̹ϵӣóȻԱ˼֣ɷй¶ץס˼İѱܳﻮԷĻɣȻһٽ˼񣬷һ¶ץֳ֤ݣп뱻
ҶƽȥԺصı飬ͷҶƽҪ־ߺ͹ά飬ԱһŲ֪֮ҶƽҪ˼ˣöصĹϽоֵԱ϶ǲãϽо˼ĹϵУڻҪ鲻ԱС
ҪصĹܿҲйԱĻɣΪ˲ݾߣԻֲС
Ҷƽ˰ðĿɢ˼ΪصĹҪ鴦ǣȻһͻȻϮãϸҶƽһֳΪԻ˼Ķ˼ΪعΪ˲鴦ǼֳȵԱʡԺ󣬱ɹάԴӣʱıĿ꣬˼ȫ⣬ԭǼֳͨԱв鴦
֮󣬱ΪУ˼䲻ڹȾ赽ҲʶĵزҴҲǼΪܣʹַ⣬ҲᷴӦѸ٣ػһֻ


916 ж
Ҷƽ빫ά־֮󣬱ǿʼ׼֣¬˹ͽ˿ûвǿҪ붯˼䣬ֻҪһжǾͻ֪ˣڹ涼ǵˣǱ˭Ҷǣ
ĵԽԽ֮ʱҶƽ侯صĹԱȫʡǽмϣִеûֱӸǣִֻ׼ŷһֳ
¬˹ڹϵͳźܶڹɨƴǵĶעʮҶƽԱ׼˭֣֪һһҾҪµʱ¬˹ͽʱӶЦ
ڵǹذɨ˾֣Ǿһʮ飬Щûʲô󱳾ֳ֮Ĳ
ʱҶƽʡĴԺ棬ѾǻƳϣԱȴȥʮֵæµ־ߺ͹ά˶վҶƽİ칫Ҷƽָʾ
ҶƽȥɫأսǰһҹͬһλվŹά־ˡ
˿Ҷƽ˵ԱȫûУ
άԱѾȫλɳĹԱѾܼ˼Ķûзйܵ󡣡
Ҷƽ˵ͷܴܲӲ̹ؼܷñܹܷ˼ͻȻԵϮһ¶޷ˡ
ŵˣҶƽ˵˼Χȫ侯أҪ˼һֻҲɲȥȻάӳȥƴ·ǷɫԱ־ӽѲ飬˼ÿһ䶼ҪѲһ飬ҳе֤ݳ˼ڻƶĶҪȫҳΪǵ֤
ҶƽĻնά־̴ӦһεжνһشжҲǸеֻҪҶƽһ£жܿҪʼˡ
ҶƽԻսõòųķȫԻס¬˹ˣϽоֵľֳҲǲ֪ҶƽԱĿ˼䣬ΪһҴ͵ֳ
Ͼһֳ۲ҪһЩ֮ǰҶƽвöǼֳģģǼֳ˵ҲһЩȻ޷˼ȣ֪º󣬵Ȼʲôԡ
ǵжĵʱ򣬷ͻȻһЩ֮ףһֱͻȻ²ô򵥵飬һֳ˼ľ벢ԶҶƽͻȻͻϮ˼ô죿
ȻûжٿԣǻԼԼеһ˿ģ˼ǣ̫֮ܣеһ˼һЩ֪ˣǲá
һ뵽ͻȻеЩ£һֱҶƽжԻˣûгȥ룬ϸĥһ飬ѱ֤ûֿ԰
һ򣬾һվõԤȷһʲô뵽¬˹һ绰кϲҪٽɿˣ˵
һӵյ绰¬˹Щƣ֪ҶƽҪʲôΪʲô飬ʷյô£ֻǷյһֲ²⣬ûʲôϢ֪¬˹Ǻѻش
Ȼѻش𣬵ǷռϲҪ⣬Ȼ»ʲô飬ԸȹЪҵ
ʮֵּӣֻôӦҪȻ绰˼ûпʼˣǸ˵ظ˵ϵرãǱˣûйõ⣬ֳȫͣҵˣֻ˼ṩķԽԽĿѡ
˵¬˹Щ˵ڣô˼ЪҵЩô죿ʱ˼Ҹϳȥ˾ͻΪ˼ҲˣҲҿˣոҪܾҪˡ
ڷ˵ˣø˵һǸ߽ʱЩˣ뿪ȵٿɿ͡
һ¬˹˵̾ǲˣ˵ڿô࣬ҪǸ߿϶вͨĿء
˽Ļ¬˹Щò⣬ҷҲֻظ˵ĻҲû˵ʲôԭھҪЪҵЩ׵
֧֮£¬˹ûټýѿ˸ߣСһ㣬ʲô̴绰
˼Ǹƽյ֪ȾûиıʲôԶй۲ĹԱҲûз˼ʲô춯ϢǴݵάȻάǱҶƽ
ȵҹʮʱʱúܿģ˭Ҳûϵд侯͹ԱϣȻ֪εĿӦһֳ˭ҲûлϵжĿ˼䡣
Ҷƽ־߹ά´ͻϮ˼ͬʱһֻСֶȥһֳ˵Ҫһɫ鳡ȫ
Ϊ˼Ĵܹܴʱ˼İ칫ϢţΪ¬˹УͬʱҲ¬˹ĺѣڵʵԽԽǿˣ֣־֮Ĺϵͬ¬˹뷿֮Ĺϵ໥֮Ѿ޻̸ĵزһ£֣־Ϳ԰ƽʵڰڲƽŻȥ¬˹
˼̫ܣЩܣЩҲµɱﵣʹǵҶƽйϵˣҲȫˣܵκεˡ
Ǯʱ򣬴侯ѾȻ˼ܣһǹʵطаΧסκһӳ˼ĳڣر֤˼ԱһҲӵó
侯жʮѸٶΣ侯ø֮˼˻֪˼ҲмصģһרſصԱⷢ侯ͻȻеǳԾǼæ档
Ȼ뵽ǲŵҲ鿴֮󣬹Ȼм侯վڣе֣벻ʲôҪˣ侯վڣҲ̫̫ҡ˰ɣ
лЦ飬뿴һʲôĴܴ侯棬ܽʶһµǺ˼Ͽ϶Ƕˡ
һ룬Ǽæ¥һܲӭһ£ϴЦݣŵȥһ¥ʱ׼һ˭ˣûߵǰ̨ʱ򣬾ǿͻȻһȺͬҲǼ侯ͷǺȴǸž죬һƣʱ첻ѣת¥ȥ


917 ͻϮɹ
¥¬˹棬ǹάԱжʮѸ٣ûȽܼ侯͹ˣҲһݽɫҪü侯Ӳǰ
һʱ֮˼һƬ֮һЩǰֵĿڴ沢֪淢ʲôȵ񾯰Ŵ֮󣬲֪飬һվϼΪΡ
ѵĿ˷Ǹ󣬶Һܶ඼صĿˣַǳȫ˭֪ȴǷ£һҪĶˡ
Щʧ㸾ŮҲҲǸеûˣȻ滹ĵҲץסˣĲԱҲøץţ˼˿ûκεķȫù񾯸ˡ
˼Ա־ߴԱ˼ȫѲ飬ЩԱһһ˼䣬ڴʱҹû˳Χۣ˼󳵽ЩԱȫѺ͵ʡȰźõһѺǾͽ͵Ͻйľ
־߰˼дѲ飬һѲ飬ջ٣治ž޶ֽ𣬶һ鵽ǹ֧ҩԼһЩƷЩΥĶ˼νǻƶĶʲôռˡ
ȵԱѲ鵽˼һ칫һչʱֶͨδ򿪺󣬷˷Ǯ֮⣬һЩƵ֮Ķ֪ʲôԱֿһ£Ƿ־ȻһЩοֵƵ
ǸеӾЩοͻһЩݵˣмǻʶһһشԱ̱־ߣ־ߵֳһ룬׼Աȥˣ̽з棬Ҷƽ֮˵
ҶƽʱѾӵ˳ɹ˼ϢҪ־̶֤ݣȴ־ڰķԸ֮󣬱ǷЩƵϡ
оЩƵϷǳҪ־߱Ҷƽ˱棬Ҷƽһ֪һҲǷǳӣȫƵϱʡܱܡ
־߱ЩƵӦ˼ڲԱģ͵Ŀ϶һĿģЩѵĿȴ֪ǵĳоѾ˼˸ȫ¼ˣ֪ӣƴҲֵط
һջҶƽһ룬鰴ռȶĳˣȴҪúÿһ£һδ⡣
ǰżҪǣһ˼ķˣķģ֯ģڶĲģ෸Ҫдһȥοͺʧ㸾Ů
Ҷƽ־ߺ͹άȽοͺʧ㸾ŮãЩȻΥ˷Υĳ̶ȱϾᣬ滹һ⣬Ҳ˵οһЩҹԱԱҲйܣЩ˸δЩ˶ͷˣȴֵطѣĹʿ϶ǲеģһһЩɹ鲻ɡ
ҶƽԱЩһãֻҪǹԱǹԱƽίдüίǽ׷͵飬һӾüίĹ
Щʧ㸾ŮֱҪоͷ˵һıĵطҲֻܶǽĴˣ֮Ҫǡ
οͺʧ㸾ŮصǶԸ෸˽еȡ֤ȷЩ˽һϸĴ
˼Ĳ鴦Ȼģ¬˹˵ȴǷǳͻȻģϢ¬˹Ķʱ¬˹˶ɴˣƬ̾Ǽæ绰գմʱ˯¬˹ĵ绰ѣ֪ʲô¡
¬˹⻰˵ʱ򣬷ͬǸеǳ㵣뵽¬˹绰Ъҵ£Ա鵽ʲôûУ
¬˹Ǹ˼䱻ţʲô˶ȥˣʲôҲùѲ˹ȥ˼ȫˣʮֲж˭ģΪʲôûκη
¬˹ĻղеԼֱȷ¬˹ûĻȫʧأж϶˼õıܹΪϽоֵľֳûκηԼֱҲֱֻѣûκεϢԴ˵˴жѾȫųϽоֵĲ룬ʡϽоȫεġ
˼һ̼֮أĹϵʮָӣ¬˹ܶ쵼н飬ȻĹϵʮֵ˼ˣ¬˹϶ܵһǣȻֳָӣԽоӪҪǽ£Ͼ¬˹Ĺɷݣʡ¬˹Ǿ׵ĺܣ¬˹£Ҫѻյˡ
һ뵽ˣðһ亹ȻΪϽеҪ쵼ɲʡίδػȥ֪Ҷƽ֮ҶƽרŶԸΣˡ
ûиܵΣһʱ֮е޴ˣȵҵ¬˹ĵ绰֮ȥһ飬˼Ȼźܸӵ̹ϵҪ鴦һ϶ҪһЩĶֵһһľ룬Ϊ¶Ҫù˿϶ܶ࣬ЩȻǹ˲ˡڹĵԼľ
¬˹Ϊ˼ĹɶرȻҪҵ˽¬˹Լ֪飬صǲ϶֯ߣֻ˵ǹɶֻͶǮ徭ӪǲʵģشĻ¬˹ǻдϢ֮Ҳƽˡ
ҲܲķչҶƽץס¬˹ţҪ¬˹أҲǲð죬ľ棬ԭҪϽоûв£Ͻоֲ£Ǻôˡ
һ뵽ˣվǸеҶƽ̫գⲻƿϽо飬Ȼ˵⣬뷨ӦһУѱŤת
˼£ڶǴʡǣȻϰնԴ˲ûжٹ۸УЩ֪˼ǽֵ飬˵˭˭汻ץˣһЩͷˣ˼ĺ̨ϰ嵹̨ˣס˼ˣϧЩСˣ
ʡͻȻôĶȷһЩ˸е𾪣Ͼ˼ʡǵĵλǺԺյģ֪˼ˣ޲Ϊ˼˼ɾĵطһ˿϶ǽģǰЩһֱɨƴǣ˼Ȼͺ˵⣬ȴͻȻ£ȷʵܶ˵ϡ
Իһʱ˼ͻȻſȸװʮֺоǹվƺ˵ԭĻԻͣҪǣǻĿǰ˵˼ǳһʽĵطˡ


918 ֣־
¬˹еܻţϾҲӸλһĵţһ޴룬ڲ鴦˼ĵڶ죬ֱӴ绰ҶƽʾԲ鴦˼֧֣ұʾϽоԸȫϺӣҪʲô֧֣Ǿṩʲô֧֣ԲаĲ
ӵյ绰Ҷƽһһ߲²⣬ʱ绰Լ̬ȣ޷˼ûκεĹϵĴԲһţ̽뷨ô绰һֳУԼȴҪһ㣬ͼ
˵ҪϣҶƽ飬Է˽µС˼ȻҲҪһʾһл
˸չ˵껰չµ绰һԶĶڲͣţҶƽ̬ȣԴƲ˼֮ĹϵȡʲôҲֻỳ˼˵ĹϵӰǷǳãֲ֧鴦˼䣬һȡ̬ȣһҲǼٴ¶ɵӰ졣
˼ӵķǳشҶƽڲ鴦֮󣬱ʡί㱨Ѳ鴦ʡίǸѵ˻㱨ѵȡ˻㱨֮󣬱ǲͣصͷ˼һɹƻ񣬿˵ȫʡȫӰ죬Ե÷ǳýܿԱˣýıҲúܶ˸еѹûýĲ룬ǸеŰָһЩ飬ýһع⣬һЩ˾밵Ҳй˼ˡ
Ҷƽѵ㱨Ժ󣬱㵥͸ѵһ˵˰Ļ˼䱻⣬һôϸշɹ涨ǵģֻҪֹЩ˴˽СЩٸųˣһȴҶƽӦԡ
Щ˼ѲĹƵЩƵһЩͷ¼Ӱδ£ȴҪѵﵥ㱨һ£Ȼô졣
͸ѵһ֮Ҷƽ㱨飬ѵһǰһû뵽Ѳ鵽Щһ˹㣬ҪЮ˵ģЩ˵оǺܱɰ
һ룬ѵƵЩˣҶƽǰѼҪһ£йԱҵܣһЩͷ
ѵ˵ƽЩ֤ݣǣ˭շɹ涨ˣֻǶƵЩɲҿҪǻ㱨һ£
ҶƽͬѵмԱһļģҪβɣβ֪£֮󣬾β㱨
βһŭҪϲ飬Щ˼潵ĵطԱһҪְȻɼίе飬ƵгֵԱͬҲˣһҪദ
βһ̬ѵҶƽ˵ˣ֪ӦˣȥԺҶƽǿʼжȰȻƽί
֣־˼ԺҲǾ˰죬רܵѰһЩο壬ʱҲи񣬶ĵ̫ô飬֣־µ֮󣬷վǸҪģ֧أһֲ֧ˣһҪץΣҪ˵֣־׷յ˼޷ǲҪ˵С
ŷҲһЩ֪ʱ֣־ȻȥԺ󣬾ιԼķա
ƽʱȽϰ˲ٵĻ£ûİæý˲ٵĻ£Ҷƽ鴦˽һѽѺˣȻ˵ǰ׺Ĺ־ֵľֳûжٷȨ˵ĻʱҲʲôˡ
뽭֮ŷǳеĹϵ֣־Ҳ飬ڽһ£϶кܶڿͽ֮ЦҲ˲ЩˣҪľƲ뽭֮ĹϵôȻǲˡ
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˵ʲôҲˣҶƽȰ֣־ŹƵ˳Ȼǽɹά֣־һʲô˵ȵʵԺƽίŴ
ӵҶƽά̴绰֪֣ͨ־ʡһˣҪ˵ԭʱ򣬹ά绰һأһȥʡȴǲشӦˣеЩ鰡ôҲûԭĵˣӵάĵ绰ʡ
ʡԺ֣־ҵ˹άάԺһַǳĵ֣־оά÷ëԭʱάģҪֱ棬ԭǲάʲôӵġ
ڹάѾٸκεأôһСƵ֣־Ѿˣδֳǲٸȥˣ£ֺαٸ֣־ʲôӣ
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Ժ󣬹άǱһۣȻʵ֣־Щ˽⣬ϣʵش𣡡
ά֣־ְûгƺֱӳƺ֣־ϣЩĿɿڴһʱûӦ۾ֱֱؿŹά
ӳҪʲôҵ𣿡һ֣־ðôһ䡣
άһҶίʵйصʹ㲻ˣǲҪҪʵش𣿡
άôһ˵֣־е޻˵˼ʵصĶȻҪʵش
˵ɣʲôҪң֣־˵
άһۣ˵ûе˼ѹ
άһôʣ֣־ıԵúܹ죬˵ӳҪʲô˼һֳǹֳȥҲֻй£ӳʲô˼𣿡
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֣־ȥ˽Ȼһ£ѵǹ£ֻʵǵؽʵǵؽûκɣ
֣־ͦ˹άһάһЦô˵ǹ£ôѵģԺ֣һ֣
֣־һά׷⣬ǸеЩţ˵˼Ҳһĵطȥûʲôɣ


919 ƽί
Źάһֵ٩˵⻰άӾһģ˵֣־㻹ʵ𣿡
һάƵ֣־ҲǲˣҲվŭάϼңǼίĻǼԺģ
άһ˾ǼίģңǰҶָʾʻǲǾҲҪҶԹ㣡
ά⻰һ˵֣־ҲҶƽȣȻά˵ǰҶƽָʾ̸ֻʵʵذ⽲
˹άһۣ֣־˵лʣʲôȥģթңûţл˵ƨͷţ
֣־ʮŵӣάЦһ˵ðȻôɴҾֱˣһȡģڿûҪˣȸ㿴һƬӣ
άҲ£תȥụ̀Ȼ÷Ÿ֣־֣־һά˵ʲôƬӣɻʲôѵʲôϵɣ
ﲻɫ֣־ǿŹάָԱƵ׼֮󣬹άָ֣־㿴һʵݣǧҪ˵˲㣡
֣־Ǹееţ֪ΪʲôĻЩ࣬һάڰŪʲôƵǲʲô˼Ҹ͵ˣƽʱżˣѵ˼Ҹĵˣ
֣־ⷽȥ룬Ͼ⣬˻͵ʲôأ˹ȥάǰƵǰһƣ˵ϸˣңǲ㣿
֣־ߵǰǳһۣǸеѪӿֻһֵܶſһŮϣ˶ǳ壬͸еһѣΣһڵϣ
ϵĺѾˣ֣־סվסҲٿάˣ빫άˣάؿʲôҲû˵֪ʱ֣־Ѿǳױˡ
ôҪ˵ʲô𣿳ϲ£άһǳ֣־ʵ
Ŭ̧ͷ˹άһۣ֣־ȫɥʧ˷һ仰Ҳ˵ӣά֪ûбҪٶʲôˣֻҪһϴ¾ˡ
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ά˿ס֣־ⷢʲô⣬ȻҶƽ棬֣־Ҷƽ֪ǿƽļί˵ʡίҲȨ飬ʡί֣־֮Ҳˣ㣬²֣ҪƽϽмίоУ֣־ѣƽϽмί֣־ͽˣµʡί㱨Уʡίʡίָطļί¡
ҶƽǺ֮󣬱ʡί˱棬ʡίӵʡı֮󣬱˹飬֮󣬱ǳԱרŰӣһ֣־ľ⡣
ת֮䣬֣־ʡί˸ˣ֪֣־ʡίߣոеͻȻоǲǽ֣־Ȼ֣־ǣˣȫû뵽Ƶ飬֣־ڽʵʵس£ж֣־֮һϵ
ã֣־֮Ȼϵãûʲôϵ֣־ʹȥҲ޷йصݣȻһЩ֣־֪ģ֣־Ӧ˵Щ顣
֣־ͻȻ֮£ҿ˶ԹڲٵĻ֮ǰȻڳɨƴǣǲûĹԱ֣־˵ǵһ֣־ҲһĹԱ˵ҲǲСˣڳ£ڲ𶯲С
֣־ϽйһʮֻԾˣǳǿͬʱҲǷǰĺˣһ¿϶ܶ˵Ĺע֮Ҳ֪֣־֮Իµԭ֪Ƶ飬úܶ˻Ȼԭ˼͵˺ܶ˵Ƶ
һϢɻһЩ˸еʮֻţһеĸгŵίˣΪ֮ǰҲȥһ˼䣬ǽȥģȥýҲпܶ͵ģüüҹ˯ž󶼸оԼˣܲ˻ᾫ󵽼ίף齻ųһȻ˯һþ
ʵϣûж¼࣬ԼԼˣҲ˵͵¼ȷʵ˺ܴ𶯺Ӱ졣
֣־һȥ֮½ί˾޶¸飬Դΰ׺־־ֳ˻¸ʮԪл˴鱦ͻƽ𣬴ƾǸ˵ˣӽһоԪ˵θڷǳĴ
Ϊ֯ܵ飬֣־Լлߵ飬ǵίȥ齭ʱȻϣ˵û͸֣־Ǯ֣־˵Ǽٻ
üί˷ǳջܻ˶飬л˾ȻǽҲûа취ȥҶƽҶƽûʲô취
Ҷƽ֪֮󣬱ǳ˼ԽĹ۸УԲǽһ֯ͷڻûʱȥ£ڼίˣͲܲȥˡ
뵽ҶƽǸ߼ίԱдڽǿӲĺܣΪԼûжأȵʶԼкʱͻϴˡ
ίҶƽĻеʮеǾҶƽֱӴ飬ȡý˵ڼί֮Ҷƽǰѹάй̸һ̸⡣
Ҷƽ߹άһ֯ķˣܿһͷӣǽɨƴǵͬʱҲҪдڳ񣬲ȻڣЩƶĶԶڣһҪִڳɨƴǹץرʡǵΰȫ
Ҷƽά´ùάʼصѼ֯֯ķ֤ݣ״ݻٽµܴﵽΰĿġ
ʱûʶжص飬Ϣָ֣ͨ־أί˵֣־ˣţΪǼί˹õʲôŵ翹ף֣־лߵʵ


920 ݾ
άԽȫ飬ֹ˼飬ͨܵĵ飬ѽ̾һѹյ˳ҽӶ˰ⶼھ߷õ֮ŷģԭʱǽ֣ͨ־ְ֮Щƽˡ
ڰЩһΪָؽķʵҲָ֣־˽ķʵ֣־뽭ǰһˣʡ֯Ż
һ¬˹ȻеľѣϾǺ飬Уʲô鶼Žȥģڽ˺ᣬָӺô죿
¬˹оǱȽżæȥҷԲߣڶԽİӲ岻֣˼İҶƽҲǲʣﶼﲻˣȥĻ϶ҪԽԽ¶ˣڱȨѰӸù
¬˹ԺôǷԼȴڿǣҪѰӴʡиӹгɲУʡ϶ͬ⣬ɸôң
˰죬ջ¬˹ָʾ£뵽һ⣬¬˹һŻ¬˹ŻȽϤ뽭кĽʱ˵Ҫһ齭Ϊʡƽӣ飬һҶƽ̬ȡ
¬˹ĻվУһɼͬʱһܺõɣȻô֣Ҳûǿˡ
̲ȥ£ǸŻʵ֮ǰҲǸģǺˣͽһˣʱ򣬽ûйǣ¬˹֪ھ÷հȻǣʡҪ
һ֮󣬷ձȥҶƽҪһܲܽӽϽоǺòӣ참ӣԭγһĶԱȣ֪СžţȻӦ˷յҪ󣬵ѽİӸô죿
뵽Ҷƽ΢ЦŶԷյгڵ飬֣ұ˲ӹϴǽҲף㽻ﻹһЩǲȥһ¡
һҶƽ˵ﲻһʵҶʲôҪȥ飿
Ҷƽ֮󣬾ЦҸ㿴һһЩٱϣ
˵ţҶƽ˰ѾٱùսӹһǷݾٱй¬˹ģ˵¬˹ĺᣬڴһЩ᲻һЩСආƽб¹ذ¬˹
ٱӦһЩ֪ˣտͷֱðǶôˣǷ򶨿϶еģ֮ƽضҶƽҶݾٱûʲôʵԵݣȫһ֮ǹݺˡ
˷յĻҶƽݸóݾٱţ̽һ·նԴ¬˹̬ȣڿնԴ˵¬˹֮һŲٵĽ
ЦЦҶƽ˵ݾٱȻܾ壬ǿԵһ飬Ϊ˼¬˹Ĺɷݣ¬˹˵ûв飬ֻΪͶʣǺǻɣȥԺԲһ£˸ʡ㿴вУ
̧ͷҶƽһۣ˼Ҷƽ⣬Ҷƽ֪¬˹֮ĹϵΪʲôҪ飿˵Ӧܲǣƺûܵ˼һ̫ˡ
һʱ֮벻ô£ձ˵Ǻãһȥǰ£鵽ʲôҶ㱨
Ҷƽãǽ˼󰸣ϵӰٰܴˣӰ콫󣬵ʱ϶ҪΪһġ
ӦţҲ޷ҶƽҪֽİˣЩ뿪ʡ
ŷȥҶƽȴ˼ղʱ߷й¬˹ٱ飬ʲôϵһʱûֱ̫ôһ̽յ̬ȣһԻһ¶֣öԷ²͸Լͼ߶֣ԼûյǵϸϣֻһЩûжټֵľٱš
ʵϣٱ¬˹ϸϣûиտֻǰһЩûмֵľٱŽ˷գ÷ոоûյ¬˹ʲô̫ߵľ裬¬˹
֮ҪΪҪƽѹϾӷϽУϽоŹϽȨȻʡԽеа참ǲϽоֲӣʵһֶϽоֵĲΣֲΣûʲôнͣΨһɾǲɣϽо뷸֮ʲôᣬǲ˵ڵ飬ˣֻн񣬲ǲҪ
ջȥԺ̾Ͱ¬˹йˣһҶƽóľٱţ¬˹ƿڴ˵ȫҶƽô͵ȫ˴ߡ
¬˹Ūʡ˴ˣҪǻ治ôöģ¬˹ݵȻҲִС
¬˹ʮַŭӣȴǸ˹侲һ£ôʲôҶƽȻ飬˵ûһЩû㵣ʲôڻ飬õˣҲҶƽ֪֮Ĺϵڰӽˣ㲻õġ
ôһ˵¬˹侲ոô飬Ͷ¬˹ƽţ㲻Ҫͷ¶ˣڲҪʡǣȥһ£뾩ǵ˽ѣй˼ɣǼھźܹĹϵǶϵȻɱ֮󣬸һι࣬ҪΪҪ£Ļ˾ͻᰵиˡ
ŷյĻ¬˹ͣصͷеȷʵҪʲôˣȻʡһһرƽĻҪˡ
¬˹ǰŷյָʾȥ뿪ʡǰǣһרżĹԱ֪ˣ̽ϢҶƽҶƽһ¬˹뿪ʡǣ֪ջȥԺ¬˹̸ʲôˡ
¬˹ȥĵκεطܣȥǸʲôҲܲµó޷ȥҿɽȻƽ£ֻҪ뿪ڣ뿪ʡ߾С
¬˹ܵСѾҶƽͷյ̸ǴݾߣһߣöԷ˶Է˶ͿԲ鵽ԷһЩ¬˹ǵڶˣѼһЩġ


921 
¬˹ʼĴҶƽҶƽȴǲûΪ֣־ֹͣƵֵЩԱһЩ֣־ְλСɫ鴦⣬ϽеĹֳҲЩƵгˡ
ҶƽڵʡʱǸҶƽָӵ˾ֳϽίǳȽʮεˣϽүϽеķز̣ҪȰͽʡҪͽΪȽεˣҶƽĻʮˡ
ϽигĿԣϽһܻԾȫǣϴŲٵĹ⻷Ȼһȴǳڽ͵ĵƵУ֣־ֻһɲȴǸǳȽǰĺˣ֮£εȻҪ֣ͬ־֣־ίͿԳ棬Ϊ֣־ǹϵͳˡ
ϽˣίûжеȨ̽Ͻмίȥ飬ֻᴦڳȽĿ֮£ҶƽֻнʡίС
ƽʡί֮ǰҶƽбҪһ£һʵȷƽʡί֮˳ͻҪ֪ʡίصʵȻ˴нЭôпܱˣԱȰص֤ݸʵˣ޷нƱ硣
Ҫ϶ͬһϰǳ˳Ͼ˼еλˣҪ֪ͨ˼ȡ֤˼Ҳô죿
Ҷƽһ룬ùά绰һˣʲô̬ȣȻپκʵ顣
ҶƽæʱʵҲǲôΪ֪Լɹʲô˵͵Ƶ֮͵Լûб͵ģҲûеףһЩɣϢòʲôϢ֮£ֻǿ򶨣ͬʱԼʹ͵ˣҲ⣬ڻôɣ֣־ΪùûȥŴɽģֻҪȽ˵仰ѵ
ͰϣڳȽϣﻹһģǾҶƽҶƽڵιʱôҶƽкҶƽϹˣǰȨȫһרŸܵģ֪ˣӦѧԲһЩҶƽһЩѹϵãȫֱҶƽƽ¡
ڿֱҶƽƽµĿԲ󣬵ӲйҶƽһЩ֪ҶƽϵܺõŮˣһŮС񣬶һŮѾϽи㷿زİõ
Ůڱ˶ҶƽϵǳУ֪Ϣһ룬ÿŮ˸һæܲҶƽæƽ£ȻҶƽôҲֻǹϵĹϵ֮ûʲôޣҶƽûбҪɣ
ȾҵõΪõϽи㷿زϽйֶϵõ棬ԭʱԴõȻǺüԣһҲٵõʱ򣬿ЦӭѰõŪò֪룬ΪԼĵطûаŪãʲôˡ
õǹµģ˺öˣÿζˣõлߵģһ뵽ҶƽҪлߵĻǷ뷨ǶܼˣһЩƤˡ
ǽһİ칫ңǸоǰһ·ԼƵĶԼУǸɫǵ۾ҲٵɫʾԼҪԻ¸
õ·ǻǸееƤ쬣Ǹɡ
һ룬õҪǣȴǼæס˰õصܣô߰Ҫһûиأ
õعͷæЦ˵˾֣ҿæٹ鷳ɡ
ûʶԼΪðõˣ˵æʲôأھæ£ǰʱ죬һˡ
˵ú棬õٻعͷһȻǴѰζЦ⣬־˵ĻǶԼģתʵ˾֣˼ͬˣ
ЦŵȻˣѵ㲻ҪĿģ
õæӦ˵̫лл˾ˣҵĴˣ
һ⻰һֺǺǵЦ˵ʲôӦġ
һ̬õڸ˵ͬʱҲΪʲôķأı֪ʲôôˣڴӦͬǿ»ҪһĴۡ
õ飬Ȼǩ֣ǩ֮󣬰õǿһµ˾֣ллˣԷ
õǿһ£ǰζģ͹⣬Ȼлߵģ˼ҳԷģΪ컹ˣû뵽ȴʹشӦðܣ׼
û뵽ſڴӦԼˣõһ˵̻Իô
õҪȥ̻ԻʹƵ̧꣬ͷһۣȻ΢ЦܣԷҿ϶ȥһ
û뵽Ҫʲôõʵ˾֣Ҫʲô
ЦҶԭҹϵһȥԷ㿴вУ
õһ˵ĸҶ
ЦĸҶʡҶĲ࣬ȻҶƽˣҺþûһԷˣ֣һԳԷ
֪Ҫʲôõ˾֣ҪԷҾͲˣҪǸ죿
˵ҵ˼ˣҵ˼˵绰ҶһԷ
һԭҶƽԷһҶƽϵҶƽˣҶƽ϶ùôܴӦ
õ˵˾֣Ҷô찡Ȼԭιû£ôԼ
õҶƽϵе飬վȻ߽õ˵ܣǰ˵Ұˣܵðһæɣ
õЦ˵˾ֿ˵ģһͨϰܰʲôæ
˵ҲҪʲôæҶϵһ£ȻһԶٷôвУ
ִҪԼҶƽõǼֵ˾֣Ҷ죬ôԼ
һ˵Щˣ˵ܣôһС㶼첻ûҶϵô֪ԼأֻҪԼҵæˣ


922 С
Щ˵ӣõǲپܾˣֻǴӦϵһԣһܳɹϾҶƽ졣
ȻŰõ˵ҶƽϤĻõԸҶƽϵϲ¶ЦݣаõҶƽĹϵܺõĻӦм٣ֻҪõҶƽԼȻһҶƽҪٸ͵ÿǿˡ
ƵģõȥԺֻøҶƽһ绰͸˵Ļڸô졣
һȻðõϵȻһԷҶƽϾ뵽ҪﵽĿģСϵԼˣͷһ£ˣԲ˿Ҳ˵ԼŹ˸鶼ûãͨõԼЦ
תһ룬֮ô϶Ϊ֪õԼ֮ϵͨõԼ飬һбȽϺһΪԼõӣһҲԼ֪Լõ֮飬»ظԼõ֮Ĺϵ
Ҷƽһ룬ҡͷЦһ£ʱĲţԼõϵ٣ǾûʲôĵطŴⷽԼǾǴˡ
Ҷƽ͸߰õ˵⼸ûʱ䣬ʱһȥԼģˡ
ҶƽĻõЩصҶ磬ǲʲô㰡㸰Լˣô죿
ҶƽЦ㲻ùܣظˣú⡣
Ҷƽ˵ûµĻõŷģȻǸȥ绰顣һҶƽӦˣ˵õҶƽ֮Ĺϵǲһ㰡õеĻʹ绰СֻСʶСҲûԲð죬õĻͿ̸ȻǲҪʲôۡ
ие࣬ҶƽҲǷˣ벻ŮˣһŮ˵ҪҲûܾˣ˺һͨ
Ҷƽڽõĵ绰֮һ룬;ùάϴ绰֪ͨʡʻйϵ飬ھǼӿٶȣղ֮ðõԻһ£ȻðõⲻӰ죬ӦĻ϶ᱨõġ
Ժ󣬹άǰҶƽķԸֱӴ绰ʡһˣһάҪȥʡһոͨõҶƽϵҪһԷڹ˾Ǵ绰˵̸ʲô飿й˼ɣ
ЩɣʹһУ߹ά˵Լسʱϲȥȥ˵
ôһ˵ά֪˵ǼٻΪؿԶܼӣ֪ĶֱֲӲĻԣֻҪϵҪʵ
깫άĵ绰һƣԼôһĸɲڹȴҪʡȥʵ飬ΪʲôҪȥѵܵ˽⣿
ȻȽ飬ڵ绰ﲻܸάʲôͨҶƽƽأˣҶƽҲøƽˡ
ǹά绰ʲôأûףпй˼£ȥʡ֮ǰڲƽ£һȥͲðˡ
ܻţҶƽȴûдӦһԷô죿ٴδ绰õ
ģû뵽ʱõ绰ˣԭеһѸϵСˣʲôʱСһ棬һ⻰ԼҲȥСȻСȥҶƽ£õӦ֮Ÿ߶ԷҪȥС񣬵һʱ¸ˣм˴绰飬ǲˣһ˾Ƕ·õҪȼ죬СֱܲҶƽһԷȻƽˣ
æöԷϵСȻϾǺСһԷСץˡ
Сʡ̨ļߣźܴĻҶƽϵ϶Ҷƽ¸ƽˣõ϶ҪõĶࡣ
ģȻϣǰС뵽˽̻ԻʹƵ꣬ȻƵ¬˹ģ¬˹Ҳ鷳˲ֻ֪֪ҾƵϵΣҪСĿͱﲻɡ
СȲ֪Ŀ̨ͣһ쵼ԼһԷ˵бѣСһҲûʲôǳԶٷҲûʲôģһǵġ
ǵ֮󣬲ŷˣȻİֻûһԹѣһ˼ϽеĴרŹһԷǸеܲ⣬ҼʱıºͣϴЦݣһȥ͸ҪƵġ
û뵽֮ǿʼȾƳԲˣһЩ飬ȵƺȵòʱм˽´ԱһͷֻʣСˡ
оЩԾСǶ˿ЦЦߣܸлٰܹһķɡ
СһǸеܲ죬ǴֳҲһСߣôҪһҵķɣǲͼı찡
Сüͷһ壬ϾԵòãûϵž˵ߣҪһϣܴӦ
һСﵹǷЦ˵˾ֳǾֳʲôҰ
һǺһЦֳҲܵİ߰æ˵ʡҶϵ죬顣
Ҷƽһ˵Сľȣʲô˼ȥҶƽ£ǴֳʲôֱҶƽ˵ҶƽԭɶǹϵͳģõҶƽ£ǺЦ
ôһ룬С˾֣ҶӦϹϵ˰ɣʲôֱôңҾǲɷùҶûʲô˽б¡
СҲǲҶƽ֮ĹϵȴǸоԼƵģ˭ϰֻҪĬϾУܰ¡
ЦЦߣҶ֮佻࣬ʲôϹϵֱ²󷽱㣬뷳߰æֻҪɣʲôҶӦ
Сһߣϲ飬һе϶ʲô飬̽һҲδɣ˵˾֣㵽ʲô鰡ҪҶæ
һСֱ£ȴǲô˵ˣһʱԵЩΣЦ˵ʵҲûʲô£ҶԳԷ


923 ҹ
һȴСоڹʲô˼ҲȻҲȥֻ΢΢һЦ˾֣쵼֮ҪͳԷæ绰𣿡
ЦȥԼҶȥԼҶǲһģǽǣȥԼҶһҾͲһˡ
⻰С񲻽һɨʲôİȻô˵Լʲôͼﲻһ˵˾̧֣̫ˣôı£ҶŲأ
СܾӣԼĵƣЦߣֻҪæһṩһбʡǵķزֻ֪Ҫ룬ǲԴ㵱ǿˣȻûı£ȴеġ
һ˵СĿⲻһҶƽʲôҪ飬ȻḶôĴֱۣ֣ҶƽԼѵΪԼҶƽʲôˣ
ҪҶƽʲô˾ͺˣؼڲǰֻҶƽһѣ㲻ˣȴͨҶƽ£е㲻˽
ֺܾûҶƽһԷˣβλȥ̽һҶƽҶƽ᲻ͲˣҲ֪ʲôҪҶƽ
һ룬С΢Ц˾֣⻰̫ˣǴ绰ԼԷ𣬻ôľҲҪʲôزֻ֮İæҲҪ㣬Ĳһ붯Ҷֻܰһԣ㿴в
ЦֻҪԸæҾͺܸˣĵպ˵Ҫץʱ䣬һҪԼ
άѾ绰ˣûжʱˣ뾡Ҷƽһ棬СϾͰҶƽԼ
СӦһԣȵɢȥ֮СصУ룬Ҷƽһ绰ʱҶƽոմ»صᣬϢϢһС绰ˡ
СŮͬ־˵Щĺ֪ˣһӵСĵ绰ðһĪ˷ܸУ˵ĲȱŮˣһ߾ǺܹµõȻϵǰõæ⣬ȻǿǵĶ⣬ʱ򣬱ûС֪ģСһߣʶ㣬ҹĵĵ鶼࣬Ȼĵ
һӵСĵ绰ҶƽЦߣô˻Ҵ绰
ҶƽЦӣС̺ǺǵЦҶ磬㻹û˯ΪѾϢأˡ
ҶƽЦһӭɧţҸոջ׼Ϣûϴأ
оҶƽ鲻СӴЦǲû˸ʰ̰Ҫҹȥ㣿
һС˵ҶƽʱЦĸͼʰ̰ʱڶһǣҽ޵ݵģôôû˯
ҶƽĲС񿪿ЦˣСһҲЦҶ磬һһߣʲôʱΪˣֻһСߣһС˵СߣǴأ
С˵ӣҶƽǺǺǵЦţתһ룬ʵСô绰ǲʲô°
Ҷƽ£СǽҶ磬ûʲô¾Ͳܸ绰𣿺óʱûˣô
ңҶƽЦһ£˵ôͻȻҪңʲôʱ򣿡
С뵽ԼҶƽϳͻȻеҶƽӦβԼһ棬ɢɢģȻʱе񰡣˼ǲ֪Ҷƽ᲻һ
һ뵽⣬С˵ôҶ磬һ˯ţ졣
Сһ˵ҶƽһСҪˣʲôУô˻ԼԼȥ죿ѵǼįߣԼһ£
СеɣʱټвҶƽһ¡
оҶƽûһڻؾСҶ磬ͳʮ࣬ö˶°ҹ˯ʱ仹أǻȥ÷õǸȹô㹤ôۣҲǳһ¡
СĻҶƽһ룬ЩĶˣÿǹûж˽ĻᣬС죬һķɵãеҹǷḻʱöһء
ãʰһ¹ȥȹȥҡҶƽͬСҪ
һҶƽͬԼҪС̻ؽһȻǿʼԼһúͨҪҶƽ棬ǰ¹ÿǼ·˳վڴ¾ǰֿ͹Գǰ˵ģչֳŮ˶еȫ£͹ĵط͹ðĵط¶ĵطҲǾ¶ģ˵Ĵ˸еǰһʷǷ
֮Сǰȥ֮󣬱÷ϵ÷һ˵ҶƽˣȻǼæ׼ãҶƽҲûʲôرҶƽҪѣȻҪĶԴ
ҶƽһҲϵһ³ǿСһСǹ˵ӣҶƽǰҲǲһСôްѵרŴԼģ
һһ߾ǳ÷ҲſӭҶƽҶƽ󣬱кҶƽЦЦ÷óûЩ񵱳÷ãֻû÷ǰ󵨣÷øԵŮһЩֵغܳŮˣҶƽЩĶСĴܵһŮ˵ζ÷õĳȴĵϲ
÷Ҳӭңҵ뵽ҶƽЦŶ÷˵һ䡣
÷õϲһ˵ҶҶô࣬Ϊлӭҡ
һʱȻ÷üҶƽЩţСԱ߿ЦҶ磬ͲҪ÷õЦˣ˵Ҫл㣬ҶҶ粻ˣҪʲôлأ
ҶƽǺǵЦû˵ʲôֱӳ߽ȥȻǵһʮصķ䣬÷ðţҶƽСһ˽ȥ
֪СҶƽ֮Ĺϵ÷ô֮󣬾뿪ˣȥҶƽСļ棬Ҷƽ󣬵ǶС˵Сûгԣһǵģûˡ
СȴЦҶ磬æȥǵģкţһ㵥˵ͲҪˡ
ҶƽǺһЦСô˰ҽгʲôҪ˵绰ﲻ˵𣬸Ҹһҹˣ


924 ֱӰ
ҶƽһЦСЦ˵Ҷ䲻󰡣ȫһˣҹûʲôġ
СĻҶƽЦһ£ȻǿʼƷһƷӵĿȣ֪Сôʲô£Ȼֻǳ죬Ҳп
ҶƽһۣСЦ˵Ҷ磬ææ
ҶƽȽ϶࣬ȽæĹôûæòɿ
СݸһЦ̫æҶûȣҸо߹ҲǸɵȤˣܱ䶯һ¹ͺˡ
СĻҶƽﲻһСȻ˵¶˵һ̫ѵ飬СһŮͬ־ԼæǻỳС֮ʲôĹϵ
СһۣҶƽ֮ɼ߶ðĴܣʶ࣬ܶ˵ģҪǸĹûֻᡣ
СȴǸ̾һҶ磬ûеߣ֮ĳƺûʲô˼ȥɷдӣɵ˺ķһŮ֮ŹһƽҶ磬ʵҶԹͦȤģܲȥɹ
ɹҶƽû뵽Ҫ󣬱ЦЦѸɣûʲôλҲô뵽Ҫ
СЦСʱһͺܺ£ͷųҪܵͺˣ첻Ըûлȥ¹ȥֵ죬һǹֵľ
ǺǣҶƽһЦ˵㵹ͦŵģǲǿǹ˰ǹľҲвٰ
Сһ౿ҶƽҶ磬ѵǱһƯ
СǰһͦӣҶƽʱЦС񣬾ģ²Уȥܸʲô
С񲻷صߵģǹȥʲôģҲӦģȻǰҶ
ҶƽЦЦС
СǿЦģȴǾֻҪҶƽ֧ȥɹҲпܵģ˵ҵȻģҶ磬ܲܰң
Ҷƽһ£ݣСŪɾ׵ĺܣ˵Ҫһĵ˲ţСߣʺϲˣ˼һԸء
Ҷƽﲻ£СһǰСæһҲǷС棬ȻСûʲô˵ĶûŮһ⾫Ͼ᲻ʱСһ棬оԷࡣ
ﲻɵؾͲ뷨ҶƽûпסŮ֮УǶСҿһ£㵽ﶼһ˲ţʵӸ˵㵽Զû㵱ǰ;ԸȥҿԸ뷨ӡ
һҶƽôʹشӦҪС񲻽һѱסҶƽҶƽһڣҶƽŵһæ˿æ˵СǸʲôҪûæˡ
Сæͣã˱Ʒȱ죬һᣬСǰ齲˳ᵽæϵҶƽ£ҶƽһϾǲһоʼǧټƵˣõС񣬿ԼʡǣܶΪŮŲϵˣٰСʡǲ̫ã
Ҷƽоûбֳֿ飬ϴŹά飬Ҳ֪ʲôˣ绰һ£Ҫˣ϶Ūʲô
СĻ֮ҶƽǸҪҳԷﲻֱӴ绰ңй㲻ȥ绰ô£Ϊʲôֱң
Ҷƽһ˵СʵҶ磬ʲôҪ㰡
ҶƽЦЦ֪ȵҼͻ˵ˣͲùˡ
ҶƽûиСй飬Ȼڱܽ׶ΣʹСϵ죬Ҳܰ
ҶƽСһ˵Ҷ磬ԺҾǹˣʲôѵܸ𣿡
ҶƽЦڻأ˵㼴ʹǹˣҲܸ㰡¹һҪѧһ㣬˵ײף
СͷһʮֵƤӣоҶƽһԽԽˣܵʡǽһĵ¡
˵˰ĻҶƽûи飬СҲȥˣֻҶƽʡ
ȥԺĵڶ죬Ҷƽǰѹά˹һ飬άͰ˵ˣҶƽһоӺܴǹⲻԸʡϵ飬ȻֱӸ绰ԼĻ
Ҷƽһ룬Ƕ⣬Ȼҵĵ绰룬һǸ˹ȥһ֪Ҷƽĵ绰ȵһҶƽʱ̾ϲѵҰõСˣҶƽרŴ绰ˣֱӸҶƽԼԷ
ҶƽȴǿڸʡһˣеʵϣϣһҪʡ飬ǸоãٴѣҶƽѣֱӶ˵˾֣Ҫ㣬̸һ̸㿴в
һҶƽҪ̸еûؾˣҶƽǹֻǾֳҪԺ̸ҪҶƽһӰҶƽԭǲһˣοء
ֻһɣ˵Ҷʲô̸ܲȸһ£Һ׼õ֮ûҶúû㱨
ҶƽЦҲʲô£֪ˣСϺͨ绰ˣ֪ˡ
һҶƽᵽСϲһϲҶƽҪչһ£ȻǾȥʡһ˽һ
ͬҶƽҪҶƽ˵绰Ͼһ࣬ӻǱȽϴԼ绰ôĿ࣬ΪԼ˲ˣǿһ쵼ɲķϣ԰Źάȥֱλ˶֪ʲôˡ
Ͻй̸ֿܲڰй̸ͬʱҲչһϵĻᣬϣչʾ֤ݸ
Ҷƽź֮󣬾ùά׼ȵİ칫Ȼ̸


925 ķ
Ҷƽĵ绰֮ʡ˹Ժ󣬾ֱȥҶƽܿ¥ȻҶƽİ칫ҡ
Ҷƽһǿ£ҶƽܿȻʮֵĿ΢ЦԶԭҶƽʱģҶƽӣҲǸееЦۣ֪α˰
Ҷƽ֮󣬾֪Ҷƽʲô飬иףҶƽȴǲľ飬ֻ򵥵ĺţûʲô뽻̸ıʾ
״׼һǻûеڣάǴ˽ȻҶƽǸάе£̸꣬ڹһԵ㷹
һǲ֪ǺˣҶƽӣҲǶӣһ룬ŹάȥԱߵİ칫ˡ
Աߵİ칫ңάǳЦЦȻһ͹ĹԱһ߽ǸоԾǲʲôҪ飿
һιάûϴŪ֣־һŪֱóƵϣžǷǰ֪ôأǿƵԼһŮһһһ˼ĵƵĵľˡ
ɫͨ죬ʲôҲ˵ά״˵˾֣ûǲ㣿
̧ͷ˹άһۣ˵Щ񣡡
񣿡άЦһ£˵˵㻹ǲ㣿
оԼһּҪϢĸо鱻¶˶Ƕˣϣôܳϣ
ҡһ룬ϵˣҹϵҲûˡ
ϣάʵ㣬˭ƵеŮǿҵʱָ㣬㻹ʲô˵ģ
Թάʣȫڲţһ뵽»ԼѣǸеǳĿ־壬ƵԼȴϣַʲôֻҶƽæ¸ڸȥС
ӳҪҶæά
˵⻰ά˵ղѾҶˣ㻹ҪʲôȰ˵ȥ١
άͬȥҶƽеǻˣҶƽҪʲô£ҪһʹȥҶƽҲûʲôãԼЩˣҶƽôȥ
ҶƽΪҲǺһŮСͰõҶƽץסԼһ㲻ţԼҲҪץסһ㲻š
뵽˿άӳҶЩ˽Ҫģղûüϣͨһٺ̸̸
άȻͬҪҶƽѾԸ飬ôȥҶƽһ뵽ˣάǵȲҪˣҶʱģ㻹ʵ齲ɣ
άһ˵Ǻܲˣ˵ҺҶн飬ǵ£Ҷ𣿡
ά˵ûоҶרŴ绰㣬㻹أ
άһ˵֪¿ܰڲƽˣ뵽ǳ幫άôĸ˲أ
һ˵άЦ˿Է쵼ɲܷΪһԱֳ飬㻹˼˵ǹ޷ģҪ齲ʱȻдĲţѾΥ˵Ա쵼ɲĻ£ͬʱҲΥ˹ҵķɣԼ㲻ϣҲӰ쵽Ĵ
άɫĻ˳ƵضԹά˵ӳҲǺܷⷽ˭ҲҪ˵˭
Ȼ⻰άǺܳԾ˵˵ʲô˵⻰ʲô˼
άݵӣǵ˵ʵҷ£Ƿ˶еֻͨұ͵¼˸ץס֤ˣʵڲǺƽĸɹ˵ıûżŮ˸ӳҲǳɹʿҲƽʱûŮˣȻڲ˵ˣǼƽ飬ͬʱҲҪƽ飬Ǿ͵ûзǹҪʲôصģҿ԰æ
ͻȻõƺҪƽȺ͹άˣ·ûǼƵģһӰѹάãҪָıСӸղᵽҶƽŪ⵽ô£ȻͿСӵĵǾͲˡ
뵽ά˵ѻʲôǼƽˣƽʲôʸǼƽ˵ʲôƽʱŮˣ￴ˣˣŵģ㻹ˣ㲻ϳУҲܣʱͼίȥɣ
ά˵һͨάǲԸŹصҲҪ˭ƽϣֻ˵һҵ粻ã˵ҲòȥҸղҪȥҶ㲻ֻø㣬ҶҲǷˣʥˣΪܵˣҶѵͲܵҲҵҶһ£ûŮˣûиɹɹ£˵ûУͳ¡
ֱӰҶƽ˵˳ˣάһǸеһҶƽ˽ǲ֪ģСᵽ£ǲթ
һ룬άҲٹʲô쵼ɲˣֱӵ˷ˣһģŭ˵ʲôҪˣǹھܰˣ̬ȸҷʵһ㣡
άֱˣ˹ҶƽѰ죬ܿթߣôóѣ
άŭӣȴصӳҸǰҲûã㲻ȥ£ǲǣ£㲻ȥ飬ңʲôƽ
Ҳǽƻϴ̼ŹάάһǶҲըˣ뱣侲Ȼĵˡ
˵ھû£ǩֳϣûҲǩֳϣǩ־ͷߡάһŭص
ȴǱޱ侲˵ҲǩȥǵҶҪҵԣ֤ףҶˣ쵼ɲҳ£͵ܴ֣£ѵͿȻǾֳԽԽӦеβǣԸеΣҾûл˵


926 
άҪҶƽҶƽ˵ƣŹάʻάӣ˵ǿ϶ǼٵģԼѶߣǱѶߣڱѶ߾ȻĶͷ˾ܲջ
̬ȷʵһ㣬ʲôֳʲôǣҪˣҪǿһºҲϲԼ飬û̫ϵƵ֤ˣҪ̬ȳϿһ㣬ֻкôûлάٴ˵
ȴؿû˿ηıʾùάǷˣҶƽڲûɣһҶƽ˵һ٣ĽԵ̫ˣϴ֣־ʱҲûг
Ϊ֮ʱֻͻȻˣάóֻһҶƽģæܵһȥ绰ҶƽǴ绰һ̬άһǼæһ飬ʾ̬Ⱥܲãһ˵һЩ˵Ļ
Ҷƽϸһʣ֪飬һ룬ҶƽǷµ绰ȥ׼Իһ
ڵķ䣬άʹһɫԱһ˳ȥ쵼Ҫͱ̸ǲڳﻹǣ쵼˽⣬͸ˡ
άȥҶƽҲû˵ʲôȵά֮Ҷƽǰ˿ʵˣŲھͿ԰;ȥ
̧ͷ͵ÿҶƽʵƾʲô
ƾʲôƾ˼潣˵ûȨؽȥҶƽ˵
Ӳһ£ضԿȻ쵼ɲҶƽҪôû취ʱǿˣˣʱίҲȽϣеΪѰ
ؾ͹أǵ£ҶǶˣڸͲһ£ץסҲţ˼Ǳ˴˱˴˰ˣҶƽһۣȻͷ˵
˵Ҷƽ֪ΪԼŮŮϵһʵˣ˵˵ô˴˱˴˵ģԴʶǻûб˴˱˴˹
Ҷƽ˵⻰ǿҶƽһ۵ҶҸղ˵ˣǶˣ˵ôϣҶܷŹһ
ֱҶƽ飬Ҷƽ΢΢һЦˣҿԷһ֯ǲһȻˣǲͬһˣԳߵֳ֮ûǸˣ˵ôͬһˣ
ҶƽںĻҶǵñҰѻֱ˵СǸõʹ֮Ĺϵһרϵ㣬ô£ҵ˼ѣʵ˾£ҲһŮˣȻǼʵҲֻûӰ񣬶Ǳʵһ£Ǻα໥Ǵ˵˵ȥأ
ȥҶƽƽ飬ͼҶƽȻҶƽһ֪ģСͰõɹİˡ
Ҷƽ˿˵Ϣͨͨ׼ȷ˵ҺСõвŮϵ֤أôжвŮϵҲɣǵߣҸ㣬Ҫ룬ǾǴشˣڲ׷飬ҲգҲգھͰнȥ
һҶƽҪͻȻЦ˵Ҷôǲܻˣ˵ʹˣҲ˵Ҫ˵ͬ㲻Ҳûйϵûܹܵ㣬޷߸ϵָңҾСˣαӣ»ҳϣʲôӢۺú
һȻαӣҶƽǻˣָ˵㻹һ쵼ɲڵıһͨϰն磬ϰջ֪ܣ㣬Ȼκ֮Ķûˣ˴ôҪĸλϣֱһֳ裬СˣеȨıȡĹߣûκεĹ˼ɣȥ׷ϻһ㵳𣿻һ߼쵼ɲѾ䵽޷ȵĵز㿴ڵɣһͷӣȥ˼ҶʮСŮ㻹Բѵ˵˵ͨڲλϣҾͻƣһЩԼԼڲҪ㳳ܣϲ϶ûйϵԼҪúÿǿǣ㻹쵼ɲģΪʲô󣬴ȥίٱңһӭٱ㲻ҪѪˣͨ˭ңʹҲ֪ҵƢʵ˵飡
ҶƽǺݺݵһͨһԲҶƽ˵⻰֮ҲǲֱӰѹάȻԸһ¾ֱˡ
ȵҶƽһߣάҲͲٿһ֪ͨȻΰ֧ӵ˹ֱӽ;ȥȻҶƽķԸγɱ棬žͽƽ˽ʡί
սҶƽҶƽԿȳ˱ΰζϽйֻ֪飬ȵǵ칫쵼ʱŷ֣ڰ칫ңֻҲǴֱͨ˸ǣˣˣǲŴһ
ͻȻúܶ˶ǸеԾϾ쵼ɲλȨأզ˵ù־;أô°
ϽίǳȽͨԼ֪飬üͷһ壬ʡֱӾȴǲϽίһ£̫Ͻί˰ɣ
̷ԸϽί칫绰ʡһʴµʡӵ绰󣬱ľģΪΪ
һΪȽ⣬ѵΪô㣬ȻΪ潱ץˣ°ãˡ
ںܶ˲֪£ðһѣʱһ֪˶ˣֳܾûȥˡ
ָʾϽί칫ʡЭذ챣˵ǰкܶ๤Ҫʡͨͨڡ
˳ȽָʾϽί칫Ȼȥչʡҵʡ칫ʣһǵ⣬ȻȥҶƽҶƽ飬ȻϽί칫Աš
Ҷƽڰ칫ңһʵı棬סˣôģϽίҪΪΪ飿


927 С
ҶƽǺܸе⣬һûнӼϽί칫ˣʻظǣУɾ참Ա޷참ԱԱų»漰飬˲ܷų
ҶƽʻؾϽί칫ˣϽί칫Աһ֪˱ڣΪҶƽӼǶӼͱ˵ˡ
ȥԺһȽ㱨ȽǺΪʡҶƽ̫ʡίίϽίǵӣϾһƣԭȻҶƽûʲô飬ǱϾҶƽҲûʲôҶƽڹʱȻҶƽ谭˸㿪ǱϾûֱӷʲôͻԼȥˣҶƽȻӼԱӼ͸оҶƽӰڵ̫ˡ
ǳǳȽܲҶƽȻʡίίҲֻڳίһƱ֮ȨܾҶƽȻֱӴ绰ҶƽֲԸⶪǸӣҶƽٲӦû·ˡ
ȻҶƽȽջ𣬵ǳȽȴûʲô취ҪҶƽʲôҲֻеȵθ߼쵼УֻҪΪʡίǻ֯ʲôģܹܵõҶƽˡ
Ȼ޷̳ȽҲͲٹ£žʡίҪˣһҪȽȻ֪һЩָʾϽмίʡίһʣʲô£ҪʡίϽмίѵܲ
Ͻмί̰ճȽҪȥʡίص쵼ʡίţղŽӼһ£ţղžʾǼίȪ飬ʲôʵȥȪ
һϽеļίֻȥȪȥԺ޷ȽֱҵȪ֮ϽмίǾǰǵ˳ұʾȽǳ£ϣʡί˵һ飬Ҫʲôᡣ
һȽ˴£ȪȻܲӣϾȽʡίίҶͬţȻȽˣǾ˵һɡ
Ƚһ룬ǸϽмίǣʡίҪἶ飬Ϊǣ˼飬˼ʡίǳӣҪʡίԽе飬ȵԺ󣬿ƽϽмί顣
֪ɺϽмίǻȥԺȽһΪ˼飬ȽǸеΪ˼ǣٵˣΪܵ飬֪ʲô뱣һģڿñˣҶע飬סȴ˴ʡί϶ð졣
ֻ÷뷨ڴӾԺʡίǰˣԺ󣬵Ȼֻǵ˼ѵ飬Ҫûо⣬տʼӲСʱ½ԼһЩΥΥ͵Ϊ
СϵҶƽҶƽôˣûüĿһӵС绰Ҷƽһʱ֮еȽͷۣΪĻȻʵҲǺܿ£СˣǸΪС֮ʲô˽飿
С黹ȽִţƺҪˣ绰æȥҶƽĻؾһ뵽ѾӦ˼ңǷڣû˿ڡ
˰죬Ҷƽֻ˾ģβ˹ȻģԴҶƽ֪ⴺ¬˹ʶͷЩˣȴûиоĵԴǺ𾴡
β飬βЭ֯ŰԱй֮ҶƽǸʡҪһ˲ţʡ̨СΪߣԸ⵽ͷ취˸幤žͿ԰ββСʡá
ҶƽֱŴ£ȻκεķԣһҪ뷨úֺ֮ãҶƽ֮󣬻ҶƽǲҪСʲôְҶƽһһ룬͸ȰС˵Сʡ̨Ǳʲô𣬵֮ݾаš
̴ӦȥԺ󣬾ʡί֯ʡϵʡ̨ȥ飬󻹺С棬ʲôһҪʡˣСǸˣæСʾл
С񳤵÷ǳӣﲻЩЦҶƽһС֮ʲôĹϵȻôȥ»˵ڣøҶƽһӣΪʡҪŰСȥģ϶Ҷƽ
С񿴵ҲǺͰ鵱ȻҲǷǳˣܵʡβҲʡҪŹִǿ϶ܾõҶƽΪҶƽлĻ϶ͬб
ĹСܿǵʡһҪʡǿ϶֮ѣֻҪҪ쵼¾ǸûʲôѴֱӰˣûʲô
ʡ̨쵼˵СʡˣרŸС͸УϾСΪʡˣкöܰæʱСһкôġ
ʡԺСǰŵСԭʡ̨ʱûʲôְ񣬵żְƣ൱ڸԱһʡԺԭļҲӦһ
һҶƽҶƽȴǸеֱӰСΪǾЩ̫עĿģ˿϶ʲôǽˡ
뵽ҶƽǸԱСԭļֱһ쵼ְԭ൱ڸԱھΪԱͿˡ
Ҷƽ˼Сԭʱֻ൱ڸԱʵûϵְģֻһְƶѣֱΪԱһܺõˣڸˣֻǲ쵼ְ
ҶƽĻͰСΪԱĽõίϽоСĵ쵼ӳԱȻһЩ飬Ҳû˵ʲôˣҶƽǸеģȻ˴ҶƽС֮ʲôϵ˭ˣ˭ץסˣô˵ͷҲȷʵҪһ˲ţ˼ҴԸ⵽ͷҲ˼Ҹӣһ쵼ְҲûʲôɷԵġ
С˳صĸԱҲи˼ҼʱǺʲôֿ̫ˣ㡣


928 
ԴʡԺСǳĿģ֪СҶƽģСҲͳҶƽüߣҶƽȥμӵĻСţصıҲҶƽд
ҶƽСԼߣҲǸһӣСﻹͦϲģСĺ棬ʱһñ˷ģרŷԸҪעˣСһϼߣҪһˣС˲ҪԽԽãעһ㡣
һͨƵĲˣֻð˸ҶƽȥСһЩϵĹҲǰ˸ʹá
ְţСȻǲˣڰ칫ʲô˼ǼҶƽҶƽİţҲֻзˡ
ǹһӣ˸Ҷƽȥ㱨ȴҶƽ⣬һЩûСĲ룬ҲȥϾСԭǼ߳Сһһɱˣǹǲ˳֣ټûСϵͳĹϵ¾ǷȥҲϲҪ档
ֻҶƽ߿࣬ȥʡ겻񣬻С£ȻǰС˲Ÿ˷ˡ
˵£ҶƽʹӦˣԭЩ˰пͼСɵߣܵģڳڹԭСˣΪһ쵼ɲ͸Լ˼ʵʵȥԼͼҪɺԼĹ
ָֻ죬ܾҶƽ棬СóʱûеҹҶƽʱһ־òҶƽһЩû˵Ҷƽһģ绰ҶƽҪ
СѾʡˣԼһȥǱ֪ˣ϶֪ôˣȻûбǰ˵Щ飬Ҳܲµõ϶ΪСˣС񵥶ȥǾʵ²⣬ܾСҪ󣬸Լæûʱ䣬ĹҪ˼롣
ҶƽĻСȻʧһҶƽܰǾǶܲˣҪָʲôأ
ʡί֮£˺ܶ飬һ˽͸ĲԪЩϻ˲ٵ˼һʡί˴ˡ
ʡĴȦˣνҲһʡί˴ߣܶ˾Щţ³ʲô飬еЩš
Ͻг뽯֮佻ΪУڽʡί˴ߣ֪ʲô⣬ʡί˴ӽĿе֪һЩй飬ôǷǳˡ
ͬʱһЩ뽯еˣԻ飬ڻϽеĸгȻֹܹһ£Ҳǲģڽһȥǲˡ
֮ԽȥΪҪǮ·ȻһЩ飬̴󽭺ͺгȽͺ֧֣ȴǲôҪ˼Ǯ˾û¡
ȻҶܵģҲ޷Ƶģֻ˴飬ûǵĶãǴˣʡίֻϵû飬տʼԸϣʡίѹ£ǳˡ
Ժ󣬳ǸеƣϾϵ̫֪࣬صˣضоѣԺܶ˾Ǵ绰οҪʲôϵϰȥôò˵˵ҲǹˣҪʲô
ǸеοһЩٸеʲôƵˣǻר뽯һٷȻѹѹ
úܶ˸еоգһ˼¼ѽʡ۷죬˵Ǹ˾ӣǺܵһ˭¡
ʱҶƽڽĻٽһڣ¬˹¶¬˹ʡ˴ʡŹ㷺Դûȷ֤ݸò󰸼ͻɼԳȥ²ǾǱˡ
ҶƽܵС飬һҪעѼ¬˹֤ݣȻýһ
¬˹飬ȻкܶҲǹģ¬˹ȥϵһЩˣеĻѴӪǨƵǣʡǳפˣҲһѡ
¬˹Ͼʡǣھǣȥ˾ǾֲˣһҲ뿪ʡǡ
ǵĿϵһЩˣæƽ˾֮ڽľǻʱոմʡίҲɢɢģ¬˹һ˾ǡ
˻֮󣬽ȰżСĦʲôģһ£˾Ǳ߰Ħ죬Ȼ̸ʡǷһЩ顣
ҲǸлߵ飬¬˹һôʡίûʲôµĶ
Ǹˣ˵¾ǹֽСвЩ¼϶ЩвСôôݣڻûüȥв˼ңԼȽȥˣȥǽȥˣְһ˸ȥˣ
˵⻰ʱǿ¬˹ķӦΪ֪¬˹뽭֮Ĺϵ͵¼Ƶ˭֪û¬˹⣿Ȼڿ϶ǲϵģǿԹ۲¬˹ķӦ
һ˵¬˹ͷȻǲˣ͵治֪Ǳ˻Ҳģ˴ǰȥｭһ£һҪھǵĹϵ뽯˽Ļ֮󻹲ܶ˵ʲôǸ߽һҲ֪飬ȷʵǷǳɶ񣬵ڳ£ҲȫֽȻٸǣڱÿһ㣬Ȼ뷨Ӧ
¬˹˵˵¬鴦˼ӦҶƽģСڹԣڵ˹ԣ˵ǲǰг𰡣
¬˹һۣ˵֪Ҷƽ˲·ƣԴϹǿʼŴڳɨƴǣֱһҸоǵĺҪˣطʲôӣڽʡûкӹˣ˵ڸô죿
¬˹һᵽ飬Ǹ̾һСӸ׺һ˶ֻ뷨˴ˣһܲܰ¸ƽȥΪֹȻҿҲΣա
˵ĺֱӣҲ֪¬˹˴Ŀģ⻰һ˵¬˹ȷʵеѹܴ󣬱˶ΪˣٰڲƽԺ϶鷳ˡ


929 һǧ
Ȼ˵ĺֱӣ¬˹ʱҲЩˣھǵĹϵҲֻп¬˵ھǵĹϵһЩ¬˹ͷýæƽˡ
ͽһ죬¬˹ûⷽĹϵһ룬ȻھʶٵˣõҲǲ࣬ҶƽǽʡĹҪˣҹˣίˣƽҶƽ
һ룬ͻȻ뵽һǶ¬˹˵¬Ľʶʶ˵ھǵĹϵǳ㣬ʶٹүģʶ˲θ߶ˣܲæ
һĽ¬˹ֻ˵ûм棬һ£ýĽϵһ£ܲܰŰƽˡ
һҲһ·Ҫƽ£Ҫҵǿˣʶ˻϶һЩڹҲίвɲˣҶƽ飬²ãԱҸʮҶƽǰ˵ϻˡ
ϵĽĽһӵĵ绰߻֪ʲô£ȵһ˵ĽǸеˣȻΪ飬ȻҶƽϵ죬Ǻ֪Ȼײҵôһ룬ĽûлؾҪ󣬶Ӧϵһ£һܲҵˡ
ĽĻ¬˹Ȼǳˣֻһ·¬˹ϵ¬ڵڿʲôõİ취սˡ
¬һ¬˹ߣͷҲ¬˹ǰ¬˹ǲʲôգ¬Ҫǵ飬Բû̴Ӧ¬˹Ҫ󣬶ǴӦҪһĿǡ
¬ҲѴ¬˹Ҳûа취ֻڴ¬ҵʵƽˡ
Ľڽӵĵ绰֮󣬽žǴҶƽҶƽһ¬˹ȻҹϵҵĽˣ˵¬˹Ǹеżˣ¸ô
Ҷƽһ룬ǸĽ뽯˽Ӵһ£һ¬˹ҵʲôƽ£Ҫƽ£һҪβأҪѵһأҪһأôĹأѵܵóѣ
ĽӦҶƽȥͽһ£һǵĵʵһ룬Ľ뵽ҶΣҶνйȻúͽ
һĽҵǿˣ¬˹˶Ƿǳĸˣ̴ӦҪĽԷĽһʹغԼһص㡣
ĽûͬȥĻѡһطԼҶι棬ҶڵĽּ֮󣬱ְ֪йˣһԼԷĵط
¬˹˶ӭҶκ֪˵ĵĽ˽Ҷκ֪˶ǾֻҪǿڵ˶Ҿܾ
һҶκ֪¬˹ҲǸеʶˣҪҵľʵͥ˲Ҳǵӡ
Ҷκ֪֮󣬾ǳưӣԽ¬˹ԽǶǳ𾴣Ҷκ֪ҪǫǷỳҶκ֪˵ʵ
Ҷκ֪ƽʱҲưĹˣȻǲѽ¬˹˷Էʱ¬˹ͽǷǳؾҶκ֪˵ľƣҶκ֪ҲƵغ˺žơ
ƹѲ֮󣬽¬˹˱̽Ҷйǵ飬ܲҶƽϵϣֻҪܰæƽʲôܴӦ
һ¬˹£ҶξǴһ˵ܼ򵥣Ҹѵ绰ͿˣֻҪѵ﷢˻ʡʲô
Ҷ˵ĵǳ㣬ûκ˻ỳⷽ飬¬˹æ³֮һк񱨡
¬˹Ļ֪ҲǺģʾһǰƽ£Ⱥðɡ˵ĿǳĴ󣬽¬˹˻ûл飬ʾ³֮һлҶκ֪ˡ
ҶξŵϷһˣǣܷõóһǧԪƽ£
һҪһǧԪܰƽ£¬˹Ǹое࣬ЩԥǽȴǴһ˵Ҷӣû⣬ֻҪܰƽһҲõó
ƽʱϲ󻰽ˣҷ²ҪǮ¬˹ԼǮֻҪܰƽʵǮֵõġ
¬˹ЩǮǽѾ˵ˣǾûټˣԱҧ˵û⣬һǧһǧ򣬲֪ʲôʱܰɣ
¬˹ҧӦӣҶβǸеЩЦס˵һǧԪǴҵ˻ϣ֮ڰǰƽ¡
Ҷ˵ú֮䣬¬˹ʱȴЩˣô򵥣Ȼ뷨ȴǲܴʧᣬ̴Ӧãû⣬ͰǮȥֻҪܰƽǮ⡣
¬˹ǴӦҶοһӦֿ˻ȴпһǮ˵һǧֻҪһ֣ͰǮ赽ϣȥǵǮһ¡
ĽҲǴмţǶˣȵһɢȥ¬˹ͻȻûףǶԽ˵ܣĽܵ˿ɿɿôоЩƭӵĸо
һ˵ֱӶ¬˹˵¬ҿǲƭӣھҪ£ûмǧǸ첻µģֻҪһǧҲС˼ˣƭǣǴȥĽˣ˵Ҫƭǣƹ𣿡
¬˹ϸһ룬о˵ҲһЩֻҽˣһǧһǧɣֻҪܰɣǮԸ⡣
˵ڶ죬¬˹˰ǮҶΣҶһյǮžͰǮ赽ϣȥƬҲûͣ
Ǯ֮ҶרŸҶƽһ绰Ҷƽ֪飬ȵҶһ˵꣬ҶƽһоҶ̫ˣȻֶˣ¬˹ҶƽЦź˵һᣬ뷨¬˹ͽһӣֻҪ֤ݷʵˣͿʼ¬˹ĻͲҪٵ¬˹Ĵˡ
ȵǮҶε֮¬˹ǴҶξƽҶξ̫ǴӦ֮ڸƽģȵ˵ʮҲûаƽ¬˹һоЩϵˣȻôûаƽ
֪֮ҲǸеҶòԣ绰Ľ飬ĽȻҲǽͣʾ鲻ô˳ĵȴҪż


930 鵽
¬˹ͽȻĽĻҪżҲǸоЩԾҶθƽͬʱ¬˹Ҳڵȴ¬Ļػ
ڹ֮¬ڸػ˹һ׼ѵкܲܰƽˣֻҪǣˡ
һ¬ܰƽ飬¬˹Щۻһǧˣû죬Ҷλûаƽ飬Ǵ绰ҶΣҶΰǮ˻ǲ׼˰ˡ
¬˹һ绰ҶξǺСӾȻҪǮˣⲻҶξǸԼˣȼҲˣͰǮ˸
¬˹֮󣬾ǿҶμգȴµĽҶڹҶϵ绰Ժ󣬾ֱӴҶƽ뷨¬˹ץС̫ˣǵһβɡ
ҶεĻҶƽ΢Цγ̽¬˹鴦ˣҪ֤֤¬˹ķΪҪһʱ䡣
ҶƽڽҶεĵ绰֮󣬱ǼӿٶѼ¬˹֤ݲϣȻ׼Ŷ¬˹˭֪û죬һ˽ʡй˽ʡ֮󣬱ȡ˽ʡĹ㱨Ҷƽʡ˹㱨ѴڳԼɨƴǵ˳
λҶƽı֮Ǹ˿϶ĽбʾڳһҪȥһҲҪ󻯣ܸԩٴҪֶԴǰдڵһЩΰ⣬Ҫص㱣һЩӪҵңҪץסص㿪չҪ֥һץ
ĽиʡĴڳ֮⣬Ҷƽ˶ˣҶƽ׼㱨Ҫһ뿪չڳ£һ͸о򲻶ԣƺԽʡǰչĴģĴڳʮ⡣
긱ĻҶƽǸоãǴйʲô˼ѵڳķˣôڳ
֮Ҷƽѵ⣬ѵȻҲⷽ⣬ҲǲýϾϼأ˵ʲô
ȻҶƽȴǲָʾڻҪӴڳĹȣȫʡһЩڶȫ鴦ˡ
֮Ҷƽʼˣǰڵ飬Լͨļ٣¬˹һЩʵֻȡжˡ
ʱ¬˹Ϊ԰ƽأȻҶһֱûаǮ˸֪¬ҵĹĸʡˣΪ²ˣʲôˣȵȥԺ󣬱רҶҪǮ
ûطʱҶƽͿʼˣŹάרųԱ¬˹ŻԱеԱץ¬˹ǵһҪĿꡣ
ʱ¬˹Ȼڽʡǣû뿪ܣ׾ٵùά˸ץˡ
¬˹һ˼׼ûУһȫװ侯ıʱֱǷǳȵģȻҪܣȸʹˣǺ˳侯ˡ
¬˹ʡ˴ȡʩҪʡ˴Ҷƽ֪һץס¬˹ͬʱǽйزϵݽʡ˴
¬˹Ͼһʡ˴Щһ¬˹Ȼʡץˣ̴绰Ҷƽһô£¬˹Ӫҵңôˣûи
ӵʡ˴ĵ绰Ҷƽʡ˴ǰϼһǽ飬鲻һʱܽͳɵģʡ˴ǰϼһǾΪ֤ݲ㣬ܶ¬˹ȡʩһ鷳ˡ
һ¬˹ץסˣһʡ˴׼¬˹ȡǿƴʩôû¬˹ѶһӾǰ첻ȥˡ
ʡ˴׼ҶƽͰҲУֻȥβɣβʡίǼʡ˴ΣǰϼһﲻģǱβˣֻҪβɷ˻ʡ˴ܲβɵġ
ҵβ֮Ҷƽǽйصβɸˣβһ绰ʡ˴һΣô£Ϊʲô׼¬˹ľ
ʡ˴һνӵβɵĵ绰֮βɽһβһǸذ참Ҫ֧֣ˣȻйسеΣʡ˴ΪලţȻб񣬵ǸҪֹ֧صĹʡ˴Ҫ׼¬˹ľʩʲôһɹظ
βҪı̬ʡ˴һξǲ˵ˣǹصģʡ˴αһӣ
ûа취ʡ˴׼¬˹ȡǿƴʩǸղȡǿƴʩ꣬˵绰ѯӵҪɹͽʡһӣʲôҪϸľ
ڹһٶҶƽеܲ⣬оһ⣬¬˹ȥǻܳʱ䣬붯ˣӾпһЩ⡣
ʹʴ£ҲʹҪذá
¬˹ڽȥԺȻ̬ǷǳĲãԱǺǿӲʲô˵翹ס
¬˹ֱ֣ҶƽǸеڻûƣΪ˻пܰȻͲѶѶˣñָ
¬˹ҲڱñȽˣç׶εʱ¬Ȩƣٲ˴ɱɱ˲ٵˣڿץȥˣȻкܶܺ˹ظҶƽѼⷽص֤ݣȷ¬˹иָϵ
ڰ¬˹ͽĵ죬һ飬Ĺ飬ҶƽȻܲؽнӴ
ڽӴԺ󣬹ԱҪ¬˹ҶƽǵĻûֹ¬˹ԱԺῪ˵ԱǼ¬˹¬˹ϲԱ㱨ԼЩ£ûκ֮⡣
Ǽ¼¬˹˵һЩ飬¼֮󣬱ǺҶƽ棬Ҷƽ˵¬˹⣬¬˹ʡ˴⣬ڰɺǷǳǣǿģʡҪ¿ӵ⡣
һóҶƽеܱһ˵Ӧ֧ǹģڿҪӸϵġ
ҶƽȻͬ⹤ʾǾܳʱ׼Ž¬˹µģе֤֤¬˹᷸֯Ȼ˾ܲϣǲӰԣӲܳ


931 
óԼ˼˵¬˹֯֯¬˹дϴڳĻ񣬴˰Ӧô¬˹ȡȡʩµ֤ݱ仯ٶ¬˹еҲ١
Ҷƽǳ⣬ͬʱҲǳͬ⣬ȻϼţϼʱҲδؾȷģΪ¼ԼȨӵĹϽȨڽʡϼŲܴʡϣĻеεĻǽʡ
Ҷƽ빤Ա飬Ȼǹά빤ԱҶƽֹ֧άʾͬ⹤϶Ӧô쵼㱨ǲͬ⹤ġ
һ棬һ棬¬˹Ҳʼ˷¬˹ѵר˾ɣ˺üԪ¬˹ҡźȻ֯ר֤ᣬΪ¬˹֯֯Ÿʡʦר飬¬˹ȡһʱ֮Ҳùάٺܴѹ
ڴ£һרŸҶƽ˵绰ںܶ˶ڹעһҪأҲ˲ϣܺ͹ԱһãҪʲôĺ
ĻȻǶҶƽһѹҶƽ֪˼¬˹ʵȷʵǿ¶йϵΪӦм֧Щ˻ûзġ
ҶƽµĲյڱ֧¬˹ģǷڻûзΪûзӲܣֻڱһЩ⣬侲۲ӵĶҶƽδ⡣
һ¬˹ŪôĶ˼չȥǵӵжôǸʱǾͳ漯ţ¬˹ĺʣͻȫɺˡ
θ㲻¬˹ô¬˹϶ᷴˣԺ뽫¿϶ǸˣһҲҪ£һʤ
ԽѵʱҶƽԽǳ˶־ȻһЭʱҲЭȻֻۣҲۣ¾ǽСˣ¬˹ôڽʡǸʲô뽭˵Ĺϵ⣬ⶼǿ۵ġ
ҶƽͰСڽʡرֽϷ¬˹һЩ¬˹һЩعԽ¶¬˹Ŀ
Щ֧˵¬˹һλ˾Ӫҵңôھ֤ݽ˵¬˹һЩ͸¶һ۵ˣӰۣŰġ
ַǳķǷۣ֯ˮ¬˹һλƵĴƼңǹضȺӶ¬˹һͷӱһܺߣֱǵߵڰס
Ҫ򹫰ʩѹôﵽ¬˹ȳĿģҶƽǵּȻǿԣһЩ½¶ԴЩˮˡ
ȻܻӰ참ĽյľȨڹȨأ۵ҶƽԺܺõؽаƽյĴɹ
ڸܴѹӸǾΥ֯ԭˣλǵλٲǹĸʱһѻˮڴ飬´һЩȻһЩ顣
Ҷƽ¬ڱ˾޴ãֻܴܲ˵ôͲȫӣҪҪ쵼㱨顣
ҶƽԺ󣬱ֱȥһ˾ǣȥһ²򲿳㱨һ£ȡֻ֧֣Ҫ֧Ĺ˾ǷҲûá
˾֮Ҷƽ̸֮󣬱ҵ˲֮ǰѾкüˣҶľԱҶҶ֮Ĺϵǳãϴεٲǹ¼ʱ֪ҶƽһЩÿμҶƽʱǷǳĿҶƽչмӡ
ڼҶƽԺ󣬵ȻˣҶƽ¬˹ӵԼǰ⣬ҶƽĻ֮󣬾ǳ˼һ£еЩþ̫ˣȻֱӵͬ־참
֪ӵҲ֪ҶƽĿģҶƽĻԺ󣬾ͱʾ飬òȫֽ֧ʡĹع飬һҪӰʵˡ
ļ֧ҶƽǸжͷ֧ĹΪ壬Դһˡ
ߵʱ򣬲Ҷƽ֣еذͳţҶƽ֮绰Ǹİ칫һ¡
ȻǲҲҪһ¸ӣȻ໥֮Ĺϵô֮󣬲ֱ˵ظҶƽˣҶƽΪ֤ݷǳʵģȻǾͲҪͬ־참ѹɽʡԼӣʲô
һ˵ĻЩȻܿͷӦʾӺܶ˹עһЩרҶΪ⣬ȫŸʡϽȥ
ϴĻһЩרҵǲ쳵Ӵʵʣ̸ЩרҸûʲôְҵߣ˭Ǯ͸˭רʲôãֻŵǵľߣǻҪǵİ참ͬ־ӴʵʣҲ˽ӦǻҪǵ
Ǳ̬ȣǸеܴѹǲڲͷȨģҪֲͬⲿܲȷʵ¬ڡ
¬ڵνʡίǵʱ˺ܺõĹϵڳԺ棬ǰŹȥָͬʱҶƽӹʱԴ绰ҶƽʩѹҶƽһܵѹˣҶƽһףֱҲˡ
һû˰취ҶƽڲֲͬʲôΪֻΪԼһʾһӲ
ͬȻٶ˵ʲôȻ֪ǲʲôСǲҲõ˵ֻҪȥ飬ҶƽҲͲȥЩˡ
Ӳİ칫ҳԺ󣬸صԼİ칫ңǸ¬ȥһ绰ԹעӣһɲΪˣ½⡣
һӵ绰¬һǵʱһ£Ȼܿ׹¬˹ˡ


932 ȥ¬
Ҷƽȥһ˾֮˰참¬˹ȻȻҡźڲûκεֻҪڲûκεôͲصİӰ첻ȥ
Χ¬˹Ĵȫ֯ɣҶƽԱӣͬʱʡίԱפǸΰǱʡί˹ʡίһĿЩ¬˹ˣʱ򻹲ȥ¬˹󱣻ɡʱ򣬶ֻЩˣðӰ˳һЩ
참˱Ͼܶ࣬¬˹ĹϵԷһЩã참ԱϵһʡίĲ룬Ǿɵˣȥ¬˹
¬˹İӰ£棬˴֤ݣ¬˹żվݡƵꡢݵȶֲҵҪʡǵķҵ⻹¢˲ֽʯгǼĽ̻ԻʹƵȡӱ˵ˡ
¬˹ľû֮ӵо޶ƸȻͨɱɱֶζļң¬ûеί֮ǰûжıɡҪʡվȽŸôɱɱ¬ί쵼Ժҵչʱڣʡǵеϵﶼ棬ĸҵ˸ͻֱָʹ²ȡֶνжȡ·Ժ׵İƽ˵Ǻڰͨԡ
ΪǰǺǼùģǵ˺ѧʿϾ¬̨ϵǴɱɱҲӰ쵽¬ԲŸʵҵ˴ελߣˡ
ҶƽھҪ֮ǰ飬ʮǰһɱ˰ϴ¬˹Ļ֣ΪʱΪʡһɰʯгָǹɱ˰ǳ䶯Ǻ޹գܺ߼ڲԣ۲ɡ
¬˹һ£Ҷƽذ참ԱıԺȻҪǰӲֻҪӣ¬˹ˣЩͬҲܿͻʶĿ
ʮǰİӣҪǵѶȷǳĲСʮǰӵûκεˣֻҪȥ飬˵ܵһЩ顣
άȻר֯ר飬ʱԶص֤ȱʧִֻĿƼ豸鵱֤ݣȻ߷õ飬ѯʵܺߣ֮ǰ߲ܺ¬˹һץǾûκεĹ˼ɣǿʼ참Աʱ
Ϊ˰ƽ飬¬˹ʱ˴ĽǮһ滹ÿŵֶܺ߱죬ȻЩʱǲԳģǹƽʱʡǵĽλʹ˵춨ˣӴ֮ٸ棬⻹¬ί쵼֮ǰ顣
һµ飬ڴ֤ǰ¬˹ǹָʹʵ¬˹һУɱ
ɱ˰ƻ¬˹һƶʮش󣬵βɿй¬˹ķ֮󣬲ǾȻŭǩʾһ淴˼¬˹дڵ⣬ôʱΪȴûܵκδȻܳΪʡ˴ⱳһżù⣬ͼ칫ȲһҪˮʯǣ˭һϳͲ
βһָʾӵȻҪ뿪չȥˣ¬˹ôû׷ȻΪűɡǰҪ鴦¬˹ıɡ¬˹Щ˸е־ɡ
ʡίʡԺ˿ʼ뵽ȥҶƽΪȻҲҪȫ룬ίҪ龯ıɡʡίʡԺҪЩŵĸɲ¬˹빫취нŵҲǽУھǵЩ顣
ɱ˰ǣһ˽Ĺɾ̾ӳһɾץĸˣ⻹ץԺ˺һԺˣǶΪ¬˹ṩ¬˹һЩӡ
ǱΪ¬˹л߶鴦һ˰ֳ͹ֳȵԱҲĸɲûм̫ߵĸɲְӣȴӻĸɲȻϲе顣
ͨصİ¬˹һĿָ˷գ鲢ǷڷյϽйֳ֮ʱǷιʱ
ЩΪ¬˹ĸɲ֮ԻΪ¬˹ʹȫǽǮԭ򣬶ΪдָʾʱǷա
ûзոǴкҲȫ¬˹ķԸѰӰȻҪԼǵ
참ԱҶƽʱҶƽһҪľյˣ֪ʱķջǿԿ϶ǣյľֳǵˡ
Ҷƽ֪֮ʱϾΪ¬˹һѾǣʮ취ĸɲԼصԱÿץһʱǵһӡ
нΪ쵼ɲʡͷһǲᶯģЩȥ˴Ųٱ¬˹϶ٱһ㣬ֻǲЩȥĸɲ᲻תָ
ͷһֱģһ˴ڰ칫ҵʱɱͷڹֿʱ򣬴ҲľԲˡ
ü˽İ칫ʾǷ￴컨壬ʲôҲϵĴҲԽԽֳ࣬Щ԰ˡ
Ҳ˽⣬ʱҪ˭أȽ֧ߣֵ÷ǳ󣬹ƳȽԸˮӲһܶģȽʹʡίίҲﲻ
ʱֻ뵽¬֮Ϊ¬ԭ¬ָʾȻҲô˵»ǹֵ¬ͷϣΪܵ¬Σȶְ
ʲô£¬ñ뷨⣬ܵĵ֮ǰҪ¬һ档
պܿľǰȥ¬¬ʱҲ֪飬¬˹ĲϷͣﵱȻҲ뷨㲻ҪʲôȻ¬˹壬´ۼֱ˭Ϊ¬˹ݻʹ鵽Ҳܽ͵壬¬˹ĺܶ鶼ί֮ǰɵģϲ֪
ΨһᰲεǷգЩֱӰȥڷջ᲻£
ʱ򣬷վǸ˵绰Ҫһ棬¬һӵյ绰һڿҪҪ棬Ļջô롣


933 ձ
ݵ˼֮¬ͬ뷿սм棬ھһҺСĿȵһ¬ǵ͵Ͼʡô飬ûΪ»عһˣץסʲôʵ˵ȥƽˣҪƽҲھңָӣܻصȥĻעĿġ
һ棬վ¬㱨˵ǰһЩָǰΣ¬ڸô죬˵һᷢʲô顣
˷յĻ¬һ룬Ҫ̫ţֻҪ¬˹ڣѾ⽲Ӧʲô⣬Ȼ˵Щŵģǵʱһڷ飬һͣ绰ǱûڳԼˡ
ȫ˵˵ϣ¬ǹģ֮ǿ¬һۣȥԺ¬϶˵ȫƵȥ
Ļѣǵ˵ܹӵùȥ
Ȼ룬Ƿղû˵¬ڹؼʱһѣܲܺͽʡ쵼кᴦˣ˵Ͳ
һҪ¬ǸеΪѣʡ쵼кҲֻܺʡίȪкȪܴܲӦҲһ⣬ͬʱһкǱ¶ԼϾ¬˹˶ΪΣֻΪڽʡְҽʡҲȨܵ⣬ҪǸȪкҪṩʵ
ֱӲӦյҪĻֲ̫ãΪ÷򼫶ˣһӦȥȪкһھ취һܲҶˣֱӸβɴкó׽顣
¬شһĵף¬һģ¬ϾǸ쵼ֻҪܰõԼġ
ھǴ죬ղŴǱ߻Ժ󣬾ԺһЩһչ˹дڳж˵ĸоӦûʲôˣ⵽ˡ
Ҷƽйעŷյ٣ȥ¬ѾڵУ֮ԳٳûнӴգһǵȴ쵼һѰһЩ֤ݣΪ˵ľٱδ÷տ
ʡζ쵼ְҲһϵҪĵ飬Ҫһʱ׼ģҵһʡίǹܲģίֻЭʡί˰
ҶƽȪ˼ͷᵽ飬Ȫ֮󣬾ǸҶƽٵһȣҪȵʱڷշȽأھǽӴͻƲˣһҪȵԼΪѾûµʱͻȻߡ
ȪĻҶƽһĵȪΪһϼͼ죬黹ǷǳķḻҲҪָӡ
¬ڷ֮ûиȪ绰Ҫ绰ô򣬶ʱջûнȥսȥĻǿԸȪ绰һʷʲôһ£ͬʱҲ̽һȪĿڷ磬ڴûʲô˵
Ȫ޷绰ھѰһЩҲǲңһʱţҲǺܴ˰ҲǷˡ
ջ֪Щ飬ǹһӣо鿪ʼձˣ鴦Ա½ƽ˾ؽдƺ¬˹Ҫսˣʡͷᴥһ
һоսŵƽϾϽигֳʡĲ׶ģشľ⡣
ʱֹȥһ£ڴҶΪӾҪȥʱʡίרͻȻϽίϽί֪ͨյίᣬЩҪ˽⡣
ʡίһٶȻϽίЩ죬ʡίָʾȻȽ뷿չϵУʡίˣ˸ͨ籨ţˣҪΣ˼ʹ֪ʡί÷ᣬʵǳȽǲҰ˸մ绰ࡣ
սӵϽίĵ绰ûκε˼׼Ǵæظˣ֮Ƿίûʲô飬ֻʡίĹԱ
ʡίԱ֮󣬾Ǹʵȥһ˰ɡ
һһɵۣоŲЩˣ侯ԱǰˣǹԱ³ʲô飬ʡίרŰ侯ϣѷմߡ
Ҷƽ֪ʡί˸֮ﲻЦһ£ԭ¬ֺ֧ǵ⣬ڵ⴦Ҫ뵽⴦Ȼ·ͻûˣҪ֪¬˹µĻ
¬ȻΪ쵼о¬Ҳδȫˣܵ飬¬õѾ¬ҪֱԵǰˣ¬ڹҪǵˡ
ڷձʡίߵĵ죬¬֪飬Ȼ֮ǰҲԤϵ飬ĵʱ¬Ǹеһ˿˿ţȻôĹ٣ʲôҲԼҪʱҲǽŵġ
ʱҪʲôʲôȪ绰ϷǳԥģѾˣʲô˼ɵĻǾûлˡ
Ȼоʹճ£ǣĿԲ󣬵ǸеЩϾ˷£¬˹鰡¬˹ߣ¬˹Ϊֶӣ·ô飬ʹû˽Ҳʧְ֮
֯Ȼûиƽ£ǵȵ鶼׵ʱƾͿʼƽˡ
¬һǣǵĻǱȽϸģ̽һʡί̬ȣȪһ绰Ȫ֮֮ǰĽǿԵģʹȪʲôҲ¸˵ȥ
뵽¬ǸȪȥһ绰Ȫ˵һ绰Ȫ˿ֱӽӵģǴ֮󣬰ȴû˽绰¬е֣ƽʱӦģȪæ
æ֮Ȫص绰ģһ룬ûٸȪ򣬵ǵϵʱȪҲûиص绰¬еǸеƽʱȪģѵڹرԼ֪Լ绰ʲô£
¬һ룬ǸȪһ绰˰컹û˽һЩˣȪһڻرʶԼ绰Ϊյ飬Щѿˡ
ڵίǵʱʲôӣ˵飬æһ㲻ӵ绰Ǹʱûָоһˣһӵ绰емֵʧ䣬еˡ


934 ֳѡ
¬Ȫ˰ĵ绰ȪûнӣȻеʧ޷˼ȪȪԸӣԸӣǲԸӣ˼ҸԲ
¬ҪȪ˽뷨ǾԾƶֻҪ²ǣɲϴ˵ע⡣
ʱȪҶƽһ𣬷ŷյ飬ҪҶƽЭ˽¬˹뷿֮ȻԵؽѶʣԴﵽոͻƵĿġ
ȻǸʡίˣҲˣǷսʡί참֮󣬲ûнԼ⣬ѯйذӵʱǷԼԱк̬Ⱦһֲϵ̬ȡ
ڷղϣȪҶƽй飬Ҷƽ֪󣬾ǽЩӵյ绰֤ύʡίոǴкȻûֽʵĶЩ˵ڽӵյк֮صļ¼ڿ¼ʷգصʵ
ȪõҶƽṩ֤ݣٰʷգȻӵ¬ĵ绰һûнӣΪ֪¬绰Ŀģ޷Ϊյ飬ʱӵ¬ĵ绰еǳΪѣ粻ȥĵ绰
֤ݵ֤ʵ£òصѯ֮صľ⣬Ȼ¬˹ûнԼлߵǷձ˻ˡ
ڷ֮ĵڶ죬ʡίϽиг湫ֳΥΥڽ֯飬һʱ֮䶯ʡǡ
յϽ̳ԿʡίθܵľģȽֻ֪ܱ̬֧ʡίĲ鴦Ϊ巿ϽйɵӰ졣
յԳȽ˺ܴѹΪ֮ǰ־Ѿڷί쵼ӳԱ쵼ӵİ೤еЩѹ
ȻڻĵλҡϾʡίίǳȽȴԼԼظеβԴʡίƺѹʡĵطϽΪطɻΪѹĶϽйԱϳ£֣־ʼ־棬ԼڵķգȫϽеĹԱ־ͷ˶εˣһ쵼ӳԱô£ǶĴ
ȻڻβҪļ󣬵ЩѾҡԭеֹĵλʹźܵ˺ܴ𺦣޷ֻܱ̬֧֣Ͼ˭Ҳɵȥ֧Ѿ¶ĸܷӡ
֮£ֻܾأŬάž棬ϴ־ԺѡļѡһеԼѡεĹֳĻٵѹ
ҹֳѡλҪܵʡԼʡͷͬУڴ£ԸٲˣεĹԱ£ڲǿԼԱˡ
ڷյĳ£Ͻйְӳʽܣмɾܵ飬ڴ֮£ʡίȻѾٶϽйֵĸɲκεϣϽйֳѡ϶ҪʡϽίƼ
ĹҲˣȽʹԼԱҲǻٺܴѶȣʱٲ˵Ƿǳǵġ
ձ֯Ժû죬ʡίȥְ񣬶ȥְԺϽйֳʱȱȶҪҶƽʡί־ǰϽйְϽй־ֳȵȶԺپʺϵѡ
־һμϴηռβͬϴηȥΣʵȨһҶƽ־ȥΣΪӦһͻɱȥȶ˾档
ʵҶƽͷϽйֳĺѡǹάֻǹάǳھȥѹסţҪ־һɡ
άڴڹг˺ܴҶƽҲ۹ͣڴڹ̲鴦һЩΥ͵Ĺɾճ˲ٵλӣЩλӶҶƽһЩεˣͬʱҲǽǡ
ϽйֳһְһͣάĹҶƽҪź顣
־ʵԸȥϽйֳһְΪ֪Ͻ̳ǳӣʱȥӷյλӣ֮󣬿϶Ͻ̳Ͻְ϶һܱ飬Ҷƽ̸˻ȥֻһɣϽйֳһְҪˡ
־߲֪Ҷƽᰲ˭ȥǺܿʶˣʡί֯ԼϽίЭ֮󣬹άжʡڶӶӳһְϽоֵγ񸱾ֳ־߹
ڹάĵ־Ҷƽ˼ҶƽùάϽйֳһְһǿ԰ѺܶŸάˣǿͼУͬʱҲԱϽе쵼㷢ʲôͻ
Ҷƽ²־ǰϽйεץԼϣԭʱϽоָôģ־ߺ͹άһϽо֣ȻǼִʡľ
ȽȻ֪ʲôʾֵĹˣҲģȻǳʲô£ʡί
ҶƽеܲϽеĸɲ£ֱӼӵضҶƽйأҶƽβɵһҪ֣ڲ֪֮βĳЩ֣ڲ֪һֱ
ڽ֮ʡί˾¬֮Ĺϵ⣬ʡίһʣ÷ոеǳԾΪоʡί˲Ӧⷽ⣬ⷽӦмίʲǣʡίȻ⣬Щϳ档
Ȼڽˣ֪¬ûܷӳԼֻҪ¬ǣ¬϶ҪмģԺ󣬻õ¬֧֣Ļһ·ڰ¬гˣ¬ҲȥˣôǾѵˡ
ʡίԱѶûйϳ¬飬ֳ鶼һְŵģ֮Ϊ¬˹˻ߣΪбء
ΪԼϣͿڸһЩʵ֪ʵͽ͵ģ¬¬˹ͱ͹˳ֻǶҪһһ̾ͻ˭ֻ֣һͻƿڶѣûͻƿҲν϶㣬ֻǷѡ
ͨЩΪ¬˹ĻԱָ¬ϵǳеЩ߲ԱȻϣô˶֤ǷϣҲûеھһĽ֮ǳˡ


935 鷨
յĳֻһͻƿڣһӹɵģ¬ǲ֪Ϊʲôط˻¬¬Ȼ֪»һӰ죬ǸоĻ׷ͷϣǽλӣһְϡ
¬Ĵ㣬ĴȻǴˣһڵٲǹݵĽɫͼѻˮҶƽϣɸìܣȻôʱҶ⣬ʱֹûзʲô
¬һȻҶķУ¬˹£׷¬εĺûᣬܻʹ˷Ź
ҶƽȻûרŶԸ¬˼ֻҪ¬ΥΥ֮ͲܷŹҲӦŹֻûв鴦¬ȨһлҪʡ
βȡȪй¬˹һԱĲ鴦棬ʡĹԱȻǲ鴦ˣβǱȽģ˽ʡλǶڲڽʡĹԱʡͷȻûȨ鴦ģȪֻβһ£¬ڵʡίڼ䣬¬˹һҲһεģɷյ˵֤Խ֤ʵ
Ȫı棬βǱʾһҪмίб棬¬Ϊйܸɲε׷мίȨޣҪճ汨棬󣬵ҲСʵǵ뱨һ
βһţȪǴӦͷǽ¬永γһܱ棬Ȼǣί쵼㱨
ίҪ쵼ӼȪһУȪͰѽʡĲ鰸мίҪ쵼ͬ־һʽĻ㱨ڽʡķܹмίҪ쵼ͬ־Դ˽˳ֵĿ϶ȻȪͰ¬ֻ㱨һ顣
мίҪ쵼ͬ־֮󣬷ǳӣʾмίᴦ⣬Ҫʡίϣֱ֪ͨ
ȪӦţһзָӣ㱨ԺȪǻȥˣڽ飬ȻǹܲţǵʱҪϹҪϡ
һ£Ȫ֪¬ʲôˣͻȻϢȥ¬ְ
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ȪҲ֪ô£Ǹо¬ȷʵˣʵǣȪмί쵼Ժмί쵼ָʾԱ¬̸˽¬˹һеһ¬̬ȡ
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мίרֱʡ飬ʡȻҪʮֵӣҶƽ֪һϢ֪¬һǲˡ
¬ȥְʱ䲢¬ԭ˽еίǣǴ˽ίǵϵʡﵣίǵģҪ¬ĻӦҪ˽ίǺʡίڼ䣬ⷽҲǽˡ
Ȼȥôʱ䣬ҲǺܺõ飬ֻҪȥ飬⻹ܲó¬Ϊ˱ȽϽƻʹȨǮ׵ΪҲñȽΣҵĻҲǺѰ¬ͻ
мίר龭ܵķΪ¬иܵΪһ뷨ͨˣȻٽȨǮףרĿⶢ鷨ʦϡ
һ鷨ʦ˳裬ڸ쵼֮䣬Ľɫ¬ϵһֱУרԱɣһ¬֮ŲȨǮ׵ݡ
ȵţרԱһȿʼ֣һչѯʣһһ̬ȣǷϣǷԸ֯Ͻ⣬һȻûʲôٷְ񣬵ҲһԱҲҪܵ͵Ĵ
һ˿ûʶΪרĵһĿ꣬רԱܿ˹ߣϵ飬¬֮
һ⻰һͻȻе£Ųѣȫûдʦķ緶ɶҲ˵֪⣬רԱҲǲżúõһ룬Ȼش⡣
ھһСʱ˼붷һȻ˳ذ¬֮˳Ϊ¬Ѿסˣһ鷨ңԸʲô鷳ѡ϶кôģȻʱ϶ᵽܴǣ
һھˣ¬ͨȡ˺ö˵ǮƣЩ¬лֱ߲ӸǮȵ򻭺֣ЩֻʵֵЩǮлߵȴԸ߼۹򣬶ʵ͸¬Ļ¸յЩǮ֮󣬻۽¬˿Ҳ¬ûȡǵǮƣǰǸˡ
һ¬ܻ߾кܴԣΪлֱ߽ӽӴֻһнӴֻҪһؿƿ˭Ҳ֪һ¬֮ϵеʱ˱˵Ǯֻ֮Ǻ¬һк¬͸ˣǮһ¬ȻֻСǮǴǮĻǲġ
һһרٱרһĴ񣬹ֲúٽӵй¬ľٱԭôһרԱһЩֻлߵ¸һ
һһǰȨ˳ȨΪܣ¬ʡίڼ䣬ЩҪ¬æַͨʽ¬˻ߣڵ֪һ֮ȨǱ˼ίר참ܵ飬йص
ȨһֱҲǵ裬Ҷƽе̫Զ֮ľ룬һȨ⵽רĵ飬ǾҪ¡
ҺãȨֻһлߣֻҪͿԳˣʵҲˣȨڰص֮󣬱뿪˰참㣬Ժ󣬸оظ¬лҲΪ˹£ҲǹҵǮûΪı˽Ȼ黹治ð졣
ȨܵԺһ⵽˵飬취һЩԱЩҲ¬лıȡְ
רǴջ¬永Ŀֵﵽ˰˰ٶԽ¬ͽˣרԱûзɵ飬һȥˣһҲǶһȤ
һΪһ鷨ңȴԱнַͨʽʵ¸֮·һ漣¬֮⣬ûҪ쵼йĺ


936 ɱ
רԱΧһһ˵飬һڽʡǵĻΧĵԼһ˵ĹרԱһĻȦӸ˳
¬ûе뽭ʡ֮ǰһȻγһСȦӣöɲΧתЩ˻רߣҪܵίĵ顣
¬뽭ʡ֮һȦӷһ仯һе˱ԻΪĵĹСȦӣ˰Լԭˣ⻹ϽеĲ쵼Ѿ£˶λġ
ר˽һ֮󣬲ûȥʲôȰ¬ӸȻмί쵼㱨
ڴ֤ǰ¬òڵ⣬ʵ˽ίǵʱ򣬾ѾһʶˣνʶѣַͨʽǮҲ˵ڰһһƣʵһЩҲǷ˲ٵĲƣĽʶ˲쵼
мίרڽʡһ£ҶƽȻ̫˽ֻ˵һЩ飬Щӻǽ˹ί飬ΪǣһЩɾΥ͵顣
¬ڵʱǸһЩ˵˼룬һЩɲͨһλ𵱳һԼǰưӣ֪һ¬ʡ쵼򽻵ģ¬ϵУȻ̬ưһ˷
ĳͣ˺ܴ𶯣ҶƽƿŹϵĵڸе뿪־ߣľЩӦ־ԹĹΪϽоֵĹҪά
־ҲǰѹŸάģҶƽһԸȻǰѹάά൱ڵϽеĹֳ
¬ڽй֮Ƿԭ¬ΥΥ֯ϢϢ󣬴ұоĲ²ȷģ¬ķְȷʵǳ⣬֤ʵˡ
¬˫֮ûñƽ˾µನȴûнһһǳؼ⵽ί飬˺ܶ˵Ŀֻš
Ȼмίûڽʡ鷶ΧҲǸеЩľлеֻŵĳ̶һ֮ϵļͣҪµĻ϶ȳ£ӹϽԺ󣬻һֱ򽻵ϵӣìܵĽ㣬ίҪĻ׼չͻƿڡ
Ϊ˸е磬ʱûйã֤ʵ뷨ϴΪлߵ±ץȻַ˳һмίԱͻȻʡίֽŪˣûκεףΪѾӹһ٣û뵽üί׽˽ȥ
ȥԺ󣬼ίԱй쵼֮侭⣬Ǳտڲ𣬲ȡ翹̬ȣһ̬翹ίԱȻŭ
ĿרŶ׼򣬽ڽʡǵ̹ϵԼھǵĻȫѲ飬Ļ棬Ѳ˴쵼һ֤ݡ
֪ô©ϢڼίԱҪ߻ǰһϣԼҵ¥¥ɱʬڵڶ糿ű˷̸֣ԭ
ϸĿ飬ȷϻΪ¥ɱάʱ˵ǻ¥ɱˣ׸ֳ˽ָӿ鿱飬ȷɱ
˽Ժ󣬹άȸҶƽһ绰ӵάĵ绰֮Ҷƽ˵ͷڻɱȻѾˣûиеʲôͬ飬˾ηɱһöͲٵ飬˵һúܶ˷ˡ
һȻ˺ܶ˵ۣԭȻڱܵĿģͨ˵Ϊԭ򣬻ʵҲȷʵ֢ͨȻôҸеŷ˻ǰһ̰١
ίԱԻͻȻ¥ɱеջΪҪǣźܶ飬һͲðˡ
еһ͸©˷Ǳڼίڲչ飬ڹܿ˳ԭʡίţղţר飬ڵ֪ҪҪӦϽгУϢ͸©ȻְϢ͸©˻žǵɱ
ǵĿ֮һû뵽ţղϵϣȶǰõϢţղܵ飬һʡίȪʧ棬мίľҲܶ˵ʲôֻܱʾȫͬţղŵĲ鴦
ţղڽ͸©йϢ֮󣬱ʡίְλְֹʡί¡
̽Ϣ϶Ϊ£߶ˣҲ˵ûеˣڽĻѲ鵽ȶٶģû뵽һǰǰˡ
ί˿϶ҪץҪûڣмίʡίһ𣬽ˣݣζʲôһȻ¥ɱˣƺûǿ򶨣μŸֻ飬ͬʱƵƵ࣬ԼǵĲɡ
ͽüί˵ߣֻʣ³̴һ˻棬̴һʱǳңΪʲô£ΪǰӳȽĻֹʡǵһЩȥųȽȥһЩ飬ڿǳȽԶ֮ûԶǳˡ
ʱȽȴǸеѹܴ󣬻ɱѾǵµϽί쵼ӳԱˣüίԱߣһ£֮ίǻܸȥ𣿶еβ͵ǵ˳̴ʡǾ̣ڼίܲע⵽ⷽ
ȽԶûг̴ǰɣʵϽίλźܺõǰ;ڼԱûдãԼ̰ռûܾñ˾̷ƣԵȻԱӲԱ£ίǹǵͷˡ
ΪʡίίӦ𵽴ͷãڵǣϽ쵼Ūβɿ϶⣬ͬʱҲŶдش콭ʡĵطڽʡִϽǽʡطĴӪƣڿһעҪΪӰˡ
һֱ飬ڲμʡίίʱǲôˣ˽кöɲ۷׷£Ҫ֪һЩݣҲܰ˼ôֻڵȴһһ׻᲻£ԼǷ漰
ĵûгã̴ڸһ֮󣬲û飬һĴ糿üίԱıֱӴˡ


937 һĻϷ
רԱ̴󽭴ӼдߣʵϲΪȽ飬Ϊ飬̴ǣ̫࣬Ҫ̴󽭴ߵ˽̴һߣϽ̳ĺ䶯
в̴֪Ƚ֮ǰʵϵ̴󽭱ߣζųȽҲΣգҪ֪֮Ѿúܶ˸ܵҪ£ڳ̴ٱߣϽеپпȫ£һ˲õ顣
һʱ֮䣬ϽƱãѹ֮ƣƹػ죬ں֮󣬼Ѿ쵽Ĳãǿ򶨣ûвȡʲôΪʹȡҲûã翴һ˵
޵ܣȻܵίԱĵ飬źṩӺȡǮƻǷں϶˵֮˽µԼȻ˵Ϊ£ʵΪԼĻ޷죬ᱩ¶ʲô⡣
ʵϺڽȥԺ󣬻ûа˵ϾԼݣ˵ԼҲǲãǮȷʵԸ߼ίԱЩǮģ޹ء
̣ίԱж̴֮ҲǾ̴ûʲôݹϵֻҪ˵
˳̴󽭾üίԱ˹֮ľ⣬̴󽭱֮󣬻ΪǵȽģͷһЩһ֮Ĺϵ⣬ʶίԱԵĿ
ʹ⣬̴Ҳûйѡ˳ĬίԱԿóȽĿɽʹ˵ίԱҲô
Ȼ͹˼ίԱһľģϼͼصĵ飬ôĲе˭ܾȵһɸĵľġ
ڳ̴󽭱֮еţΪ̴֮ԼȻ̴֪ǳȽĵܵܣһ뵽ӦȽӦ顣
רŴ绰ȽԼ棬ӵĵ绰֮󣬳ȽȴܾҪͼԱע⣬ã֮仹ŲСìܣҪ£ºˣŲ
һȽԸ棬Ǹ߳Ƚ̴󽭵һЩ鶼ģʲô⣬ͻô˵ʱҲ
вȽһ˵ȽǸеѹȷŹһЩ˳̴󽭵Ļ¸Ȼ˵£⻰˵ίԱҪ
ȽֻôӦ棬һȽҪæͬƽֻҪܰƽʲô¶˵ֻйͬӦ飬ܰˡ
ĻȽһʱĬһֱ̫̫ӣһʺֻڳ̴ҪһΣӦԵõĻǲϽίǶѣͲͬˣܿҪܵϵĴ
ȽĬӣǲˣԼ֣Ͳһף֮ȫ˵ʱ϶Ҳ
ǻȥˣһ̬ȣȽֻñʾβɽһ£Щίðŵģʲô⣬ԸеӦΣԴ˼˵Ρ
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˳ȽĻһ룬ȽҲѱҪȥβɽнͣβҲӣ⻰û˵óȽ˵飬ֹĵ飬ָоȽûȥоȽҲ鲻ʲô»ҪԼС
һ룬Ҳû˵ʲôֻóȽֻҪȽ̬ȣڹؼʱ侮ʯǾǷǳˣȻίԱ鵽ȫԼϣҪȽơ
ʵ֮޷ŶԷȽӦҲȥ֣ҲΪȽʲô£˾໥֮н̸
ͨȽļ棬ǿ˶ԿģͬʱҲ˳ȽһЩ̬ȣ˴˵ҲǸ˵飬üίԱ˰참Ѷȡ
̴һʼ֮ʲôľǾһ˼붷ǳ֮ľ̴л߶ʮңȡϵ֧֡
⻰һ˵ίԱȻһܻʵȻΪ˫һݣмί쵼㱨ȡ˫ʩ
ʡ쵼ȻҪһ֤ݲУھ֤ݣԶȡ˫ʩˡ
ڣмίԱֱϽԺһ侯פϽԺмίԱֱİ칫ң˶˫ľһʱɵž侯ԱˣϽԺ˻֪ô£ѾѺϳȻɻֱӷϽǰ
мίĶǳ죬ԱѾѺǵʱ򣬲򽭶ʡίͨβٿʡϸɲ飬ԱͨмίĵҪҪҪϽίһҪصĹֹȶԲܳʲô⡣
⻰Ȼ˵ȽģȽҲμ˻飬ûβȥʲôڲκζβϽеȶͱʾƴºĹ⡣
ȽشĺƽĸɲҲǿشĻش֮зֳʲô⣬ǳȽɫƽؾǴӦβɵҪ
ȽɢԺ󣬻صϽίһ飬̴󽭱ߣҶڿЦȴ£ǰȻˣҲǵ˿ʱˣҪʲôıʾ϶ھһβɵָӣ֯ϻδ
һ£Ͻ̳䶯һˣǸʡ쵼ɲ˵˾ͳˣΪ᲻ǣˣ
е˶ڹ۲飬֪һĽͬڿһĻϷ


938 ʹ
ܵ֯飬ΪϽегڽʡ̳һǳҪ֮ǰιίǡʡڵθʡһ֮תεϽгʵʡ̳ԲС
һ£һ˺ܶ˵ϽҲȫע⣬֮ǰ˺ö£гǳ£νǰ̣˺ܴӰ졣
ǽԺ󣬺ܿͳԼһЩΥʵ̬ȱ¬öˣ֪Լӣ֯ԼڵϽгڼ䣬ڹ̽衢µҵƵȷڵ⣬ΪȻԻҲ˳
ǶڳȽֻǰѳ̴Ƚ֮Ĺϵ˵˳ԼȽΪ̴󽭸㾭Ӫṩ£ίר˽⵽֮󣬲ûȡʲôжҪĶһĺʵ
ʵϣԻʵҲѾмίߣڽĻ֮ڣ˹ͬӰӣȻȽҲȥǳȽûнķ񣬶Իȴǽܹķ񣬼ʹ̬ȲʵҲа취ڡ
ֻڻûüȥԻ飬ҪǼоȥҪһһİ죬ȵ֮ȻֵԻˡ
ڳȽмίȻҲգ̴ܳϽо̣ҲǳĻϽְڼҲǴڵǾǵǰڵ飬ֳȽȻϽо̣ûзȨǮ׵ҪԽȻ֤ݲġ
ԺϽгʱȱʡίһʱûаˣһҲ˴ҵע⣬ΪϽҪ²ǵгһˣίһְҲҪˡ
Ͻн£Ƚձǿž棬ֻǳȶҪһʱûжѣʹûв鵽Ҳ
ʱûйȥ£Ͻе쵼ڷ˱仯ڴҵĹУȽжϽίһְʡίίһְԭϽίǣжϽί֮󣬾ֻʣһʡίίְһǾûɸˣʡίûизֹ
Ͻίǽ˴ϣʡί֯תϽίǣβɶӣȻ˵ʡί֯һְҲǲǵϽίȴǶһĪãʡί֯һְɴ鲿һ˵ˣ֯ûñˣҲڸƵصΣʵڱʡˣԭ͵ιϽίǣ»ίǣҲʺϵˡ
ֻôû뵽ǣһӵľȻٲٲȻֱӴίǵλϽгλӣΪһʡĸɲ
ٲϽг˵ҲǷ˺ܴ£Ͼ֮ǰзȺ¼Ӱ쵽еԣһǴĸɲȻβɲôϲ˼Ҫһ£һ¾ý跽سβɿǰ죬ٲһЩȡ֮ģгԣٵһ֣¾ǲУ˵ίһ֣ǺܲģϽегȻȥˣȴ˶֣Ȼ˼Ǿһְɡ
ٲʹίǵλӵϽегίһְﾴڽΣﾴڶϱڰţٲڸˡ
Ҷƽ֪ȻԹۣٲˣȻһЩСҲһЩ´˼ɣеʱܰ£ֻԸưûǿĺ̨ôҲ߲죬ȴγΪʡɲˣͿһıְɡ
Ͻίг˫˫ˣȽжϽίԺ󣬾ǳһˣûаµְֻǿչһʡίίĹΡ
֪мίоŶĴ취Ȼû鵽ֱӵȨǮ׵Ͻи㾭Ĳ渺һΣⷽйصĸɲ̸ñȽ͸ˣһĴ϶ǲеģֻǻûоöĴˡ
β֪мίоҲȽŷֹܵĹһȽԭʱͷǳˮȴǱſȸûٹ㱨æ£һ̬ܵ
ĽѾǺõˣܱȱȥĺõĶ࣬ûг೤ʱ䣬ǹһ£˶ԳȽĴȥʡίίίԱһְɸʡ쵼ְΪ쵼ְֱӽ˺ü
Ĵúܶ˴۾ⷴʵ̫ˣԭǸʡһӾͳ˸ʲôܣֱһӱʮ˲
˿ĽǳȽȴ̹ȻˣΪĽܱȽȥҪãӵ֮ҪģԴ˸е֪ɡ
ĴҲ˴εľģͬʱҲЩݺ֧ԼѾ̵ЩԱ֪ҪϸִеļɣһҪд
ȽʹãҲ˵ֹģǽʡԺһʱȴǳˣǼڽʡҲˡ
ܣ̴󽭺νĹҲͬɢ߽ʷҶƽ⼸˺ް취ڿҲͬƣó־õĿ϶־ãĵĲҪ³ġ
ȽܵΪӾͿˣҪˣϾʡѾʡɲܴˣԭְ¬¾ˡ
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ֻžѾ뽭ʡεҲһְҲûȥ׷ⷽΣž˵֮Ҳֻܸ̾䣬Ǽְ
û೤ʱ䣬һԻ鲻ٵθʡһְתνʡЭϯ˽ίⴺνʡʡ
һϢĴúܶҲǸе۾ԻĸʡһְúúõģôͻȻ֮ȴǱЭȥְˣ
֮ǰûдԻµ飬ΪϴԻֶ½ͳ£ʱҲûǣô˵Ҳǣ°
ܶ˾ǲ²ⴺθʡһְȴǲôˣⴺ˽ίǣְ˻ϻߵʡְ񣬶еʱֱΪʡίί¬θʡҲһˣεԶûԻܵҵĹעΪһĵˡ


939 Ի鱻
ܹкһųʻʡԺΪʡ칫һһֱԻ飬ʱһʡԺ׼ʼһĹ
ȻԻ鱻ʡЭˣûٸȥ˭֪ȥʡЭ;϶ҪˣʡȻԻ뿪һСֻۣҪŷӣܿͻµʡ쵼
죬ʡ칫Լİ칫֮׼ѹȥһ£Ȼȥһ쵼ȡµĹո£鳤˴绰ȥһ£ǰ鳤İ칫ҡ
鳤İ칫ңǷ鳤˵һ鳤ķ䣬鳤һ֣Ȼ˵УǼίͬ־˽⣬ȥɣ
һǼίˣܹеɫɿضһ£ԴԻʡ֮󣬴ԻµԽԽ࣬Ի鵽׻᲻£˭ҲûеףͬҲûеףȻ֪Իĺܶ£ǲǻ£֯ϵûԻ˭֪
Ի飬ȻҲǷ˲꣬Ի£ô;Ҳͽˣʵ־ΪתƵģѾ޷ѡԼԻڵζίʱ͸Ի飬ʡ֮ԻģԻôã˵Իӡǲܵˡ
֪Ҳͬһʱ䣬Ի˾참ԱʡЭԺߣҲ˵Ի˾ͬһ챻ίˣζʲôﶼ
ͬʱʡǵļҷزҵϰ壬ҲڴʱüίԱЭ飬ԵĿԾԻģʱԻѾʡЭϯİ칫ʡЭϯǷʲôҪ֯Ͻ̹ף̹׵Ļڻһᣬ֯˵
ǵԻԸ⣬ίԱʡЭϯ̸ⰸӰò˳ʡЭϯʻԻʾԼûκε⣬ĻԸ̹֯ףμӹʮ꣬Ҫ쵼λʮ꣬ĸλ϶Ǿҵҵ㡾ְأûΥΥ͵飬ȻһЩԺ˷ѵΪǴڵģͬʱҲ˸һЩСеʱѲ˾ˣǴڵġ
Ի齲赭дʡЭϯ֮󣬾ǽüͷԻ̬ȣǾûбҪٺ̸һл˼Ҽίɡ
ʡЭϯûٺ˵ʱмί쵼ǴʡЭԺ棬һԻܲһԼ⣬ֱӴʡЭԻˡ
ڽСʱ֮ԻмίԱˣˣǴʡԻĳ£һĲشʡĸܣڴǰǴûй飬ڿ˵Ѿ̳
Ҷƽ֪飬Իĳ£ûиеʲôȵģԻƽʱαװеγгʱ֪Ի鲻ô࣬һСС涼ǳĺģܺõȥ
Ի鱻ίԱ֮һʼԸ⽻⣬ίԱǰѴӽĻѲ鵽¼ӰŵǰһЩ¼ӰԻ߶ʱòһЩ⣬ʼ
ԻڵθʡԺ󣬳ڷֹܹʮҪȨ뽯Ľǳ֮뽯뽯ĸԭʡί鳤źܴĹϵ
ڵʡί鳤ʱڶеίǣ˴Ǹʱǹϵ
ԻһθʡѾݣΪ˾ϵ棬Ǿǽһ໥֮ãȡ޶档
Իǽ˽лߵķʵý򲻴οԽҪлߵĻһǲյģ԰ǮĻΪӦõĲ֣֮һ䣬ˡ
ӽеõǮм֮󣬼ίԱȥ齯ѾڼңڽʡһʵӰŲˣڵ״Ӧ˵ǺյģֻǽĳǾģŷӰѽ̳
ʱ򣬼ίԱҵ˽԰참Աǰڳʸ񣬲Ըϣֱ֣참ԱȻκβ
Ҫ쵼棬ϣ³ҪڵĲңԽͬ־ԽҪϵ飬ܿܵ飬Ҫ쵼ĳ棬Ű참Ա˳
Ժ󣬼ίͰ쵼˻㱨ΪΪлߣ˵ֻԻ飬Ͳˡ
Ǳƽ˾شҲǱ˸ʡݴһʡĺţ˥ˡ
Χһϵеİ⵹ʡɲʡһʱ֮һ֮ǰ֮صϰЩ˹Աĵ̨µ󣬵ȻⲻҶƽҪܵˣǹԬҪ¡
ҶƽҪΰĹ·ʱ䲻־߲ټϽйֳһְάϽйֳڴʱίѾǴûʲôԵٲΪгǵʡǣٰ裬ʡһӵĵط϶£һа˼
ϽйְֳλϣҶƽ˺ܴãάһĸɲΪɲһȻǳмҶƽΡ
˽ίⴺΪʡίһְûжΣж֮󣬾ǿճίǵλӣλӺܿгģⴺ֮һֱͰͣʱⴺ޷ְֹλϾһʸгˣֻҪûзʲô⣬ְλʡί϶ҪŸ
ʡί֮Ĺϵǳã֧ˣⴺֻҪжΣ϶ҪƼ֡
Ҷƽ棬˿ȥȽԲ˵˽ǱҲǱȽϵİԵⴺһЩҲҪЭ
ΪίǵĻǾǻҪһгѡкܶ뾺ְλҶƽԴҲ֪ûȥ飬ιһ꣬һ˲ٵ飬ͬʱҲ˲ٵˡ
£ֻҪЩܵõϰյ֧֣֯ϵϿɣˣںܶ˶ҲǺ֮ǣϾĳ֣úܶ˼ǲǼϰվпܼǼĺãЩˣҶƽֻһֱУϢݣֻܰаѹȥģϰհҵ


940 ְҪ
ʡί֯ѡ˽гѡʡί֯˵棬ѡһʡίǸһƽʡһĵܵܣҶƽڵԺ󣬰βελγɸһƽȻСεȴǺܿ죬Ѿʡί꣬Ҳ·ŵʱˡ
ʡίɫһֺ󱸸ɲĴһ䣬ţһƽʮ꣬ҲѾŵ䣬һֱûкʵλӣгȱλʱûȥ˽гȱλٰղסĻҪˡ
ȻΪʡίδֱܵӵεְпܵȥȵίǣȻһɣһʱٰΪгʲôġ
һƽȻһλҲ˾Ķ֣Ǿ˽ίǶŹʢŹʢʵҲǿ˴εгһְڱصãһƽ뾺ôҪһֶΡ
֪ô£ͻȻϳһЩӣŹʢ˽дھ⣬˵Ůˣ䣬ص⡣
һӵĳ֣һ˺ܶ˵ʡί֯ڿ飬ͻȻ֮飬Ȼʡί֯ע⣬һʡί֯ǰĿص˸һƽϣһƽʡίǣλߵûʵȨȻʲôܵΪΪ󱸸ɲҪĶˣʡί֯Ƽһƽ˽г
˽ǳϽ֮ĵڶУڽʡλӷǳҪ˽егһãгǾǺõ̫ࡣ
˽нľ÷չֱϽ֮ƣгԽϽͷΪȫʡľͷϴ󣬶˽еί쵼ѡ϶֮
һƽȻƣĹ鲻㣬ʵ˽гʵںܶĲأͻȻзŹʢ϶ǾŹʢġ
ڶŹʢΣ˳ڴҶΪһƽ˽гʱʡί֯ͻȻյһЩйظһƽľٱţ˵ɹְڼŮɲڲԹϵҲǸ䣬һһƽҲ⵽˾ٱ
һĳ֣ʡί֯ӶŹʢ˵ѡ⣬˶⵽˾ٱ˶ھгְλһ˾пΪ໥λ໥оٱǴˣĻ˶пܲϸ
ʡί֯ǰβɽл㱨β˽гѡʵҲԥ˽гѡǳҪʡίֻ֯ѡѡѡʵо⣬ʡί֯һ㱨ɣ½ѡ
ѡѡȥβɰĿŵҶƽϣȻҶƽڵŹְλҲʮֵҪǹҵλ˽г˵ǻǲͬģ˽гھ÷չչ֣һЩιҲǸΰҲûʲôˡ
˹һְȻ˸еҪ˽г˵ǻû˽гĺߣҶƽڵιְʱ˲ˣҶƽְ񣬿¶ҶƽãҶƽ˽г뷨
һ룬βʡί֯ȲҪżѡһЩΧȻָʾ֯Ǵ鲿ģ϶Ҫβɵģβôôˡ
һƽͶŹʢ˹һʱ󣬾ʲôˣⴺ˽ίһְһֱûбȥȻְöҲżⴺߣǽӲǣеģʡί£Ͳ̤ʵ
ʡίΪһ˽еίǺгѡõȵгѡȷ֮˵˽еԱǵˡ
ʡί֯ѹ˻㱨ԺβҶƽ̸˻βʱҶƽȻҪѹĹ㱨һ飬βɵͷʾ⣬ԴҶƽιԺ󣬲ƻ˴ССİǧһ˻ǰЩķ˸ץ˻ʡΰõһĺתŽһӴȣƼ߼ˮƽ쾫Ʒ
Ҷƽ˼·βɵȻͬģڰҶƽҹҪҶƽ㱨ģ̸̸Ҷƽȥ˽ְ顣
Ҷƽ֮ǰûⷽ˼׼Ȼ֯ϵͳչôϵͳչˣιԺҪϵͳְҲԸ⡣
Ҷȴз磬ζ˵ְûʲôɵģβְ񣬶һ꣬תελȥΪ˸ɵʱˣǾǾˣһ÷չʱֻȥε쵼ְܻһķչ֮·
ҶƽԶߵʱҲƽԶƽԶʲôû˵飬ҶͬҲûּ⣬βȴǿǵˣΪҶƽιʵҪʡǵΰһӣ֪ҶƽιʵҶƽķչҶƽΪҲίҶƽץҶƽȥεְҶƽһ̨ʩչŻ
Ȼ浣гҲЩίҪ뵽˽һУȥгҲˣȻҶƽһСȥȫֱӳίǣǵ˽ггҲǿԵġ
βҶƽᵽ⣬ҶƽҶƽһҪԼ˽ְҶƽһӾͶʵŵطְطϵְǵιǵιⶼץȫ湤ģץȫ湤ͻһЩŻܵƣβɸᵽȥץסλᡣ
ȻβǰҶƽֵػǷǳȣʾڹĹûɣʱȥǻһЩźģȻ֯ȥгӡ
ҶƽĻβɾǸ˽еĹǳҪȥģϣܳеΣȥ˽ְӣͬ˽еĹá
һҶƽ֪˽еίǶˣڶ⣬Ӵ˼ΣҲǿУʵ˭ӶûκģֻҪ໥Ϻã϶ȥģԼλˡ
βɾǺҶƽ̸˻ʾⷽ˼Ҷƽ̬Ƿ֯ϵİţȥȥҶƽ̬ȣβɾЦЦû˵ʲôϻҪźҶƽͬʱҲҶƽֻҪ˽ег˽еĹ϶һɫ


941 
ʡίļУ㱨˽еĹһ豭ţʱһڲˮ⡣
ʡĹ֮ԭŵ뽭ʡʡʡһְԸΥ벻ͬĵֻüڽʡְ
ڽʡҲãڽʡӪôʱ䣬˵ĴӪҲһܽʡְλ
ĹϵȽУʱ֮Թ㱨ʵĿ̽һһʲôʱܽίǵְλԼгѡ˭
ѹ㱨Ϻ󣬾ǿȡָ꣬ĬһᣬȻص⣬˽еĹʡίǿ϶ģһҪѹѹӣԺĹǸˡ
һ˵ǸôĹ٣֪ϲŭɫҪԣԱȻǺܳȵصǣлҹϵ֧֣ҽһŬ
ͷ֪㻹ǱȽܸɵģⴺڹϻǲ㣬һˣ԰Լ˼һЩˡ
ôһ˵ϽʵǣҽǵĻǲ֪˭ҵλӣ˵˽ְ֪ʲôأʢ˽ĹͦõģΪʲôڲƼҵλӣ
һۣ˵Щļһƽˣ֯Ϊ˶ʣڿ飬λͶˡ
֮󣬾Ǹ̾ʵҲ϶żʵǸһƽżϵЩһǸһƽָʹ˸ģ϶ܲںˣһɢ˭Ҳλˣ֪˭
˶Ļûж˵ʲôȻǶԶȥҲһʣƲ춨ˣ֪֮ͨ㣬׼
̴ӦһھҪ֧Ȼ˭λӣ֤˽һֵĵλ
һżԼ飬ͬʱһҲ֪гѡ˽ίڲиĸɲڵȴ쵼ĵ˵Ҳΰ
ίߺöѾ˶λ׼Ǳܶڿ˭гʱ򣬺ܶ˶ȥæڹʱæڹ쵼Ҳֻеȵ쵼λˣŻƴȥ쵼һ
Լֹܣʡͷ㴫ҶƽҪȥ˽ггϢϢúܿ죬ڹڲˣϢһܶ˾Ǹе죬ǾҶƽпܳҪ뿪ϵͳȥˣΪҶƽǵιֻҪٰ꣬θʡûκ⣬˳ίӣǵθʡ湫Ӧ࣬ҶƽȴҪȥ˽ְ˵˽лŸõķչռ䡣
ĸɲһ˵ҶƽҪ뿪ǾǸеЩʹģΪҶƽڹԴܶ飬Ҷƽһʱ˶ٵ鰡ڴһᵽϵͳǶĴָǴҫǸеԺ
С֪Ժ󣬾ĵظҶƽ绰һ棬˽һǲĵ˽ȥ
ӵĵ绰ҶƽûдӦҪʱʲô⣬Ҫ֪һƽѾ˹ɹְڼŮвԹϵҪСһǸӻɡ
ԽӵСĵ绰ԺҶƽûгϢʵԣҲûзϣ͵ĬˣС֪Ҷƽ뿪ְˡ
֪ĻͲӦʡȥӦʡ̨ĻͿԵȥɷãȻҶƽ档
Ѿʡˣ˵ʲôҲûˣҶƽ϶ٰʡȥĻ̫ˡ
ҶƽͻȻҪ˽ег£öɲҲſоҶƽӦȥгְλιǺܺҪһӣûбҪ
һƽͶŹʢ֪ҲǰиҶƽ˵ǵλӣҪǵ˹ԲʲôгҶƽߵгˣʡίԲᰲǵ
ǾǺʹҶƽ£ѾˣʹҲûãҲûбҪȥҶƽŪʲô鷳ֻýʵȴһεĻɡ
һҶƽҪ˽егҲǸеܾȣҶƽι͹гЩίˣ˵ʲôҲŪίǸɸɰȴҪ˽егԼӣо˼顣
˼鲻˼飬ÿҶƽгʵˣҶƽѾİҶƽιʱ͵˽Уһ΢˽ãеǲͬ˹֮ǸôĶ˽еĻǻǿƣȨ
ʵⷽĿǣǸеЩãһ룬Ҷƽһ绰ʾҪԷһһҶƽûʱ䡣
һӵ绰Ҷƽǲ֪ԼҪȥ˽егˣڴ绰ԼԼһԷԼͨ˼ȻԸ⹵ͨԣڹģֻԼιͨأ
һ룬ҶƽӦҪȻʡǵһҾƵ棬һ칫ĸգһǳгһйֳܶܶȻʶ൱ҲĲ£ƽʱûĽӴҲǿҶƽϤԭ
ĸգҶƽǵһμгǵһʡ￪ʱ򻹼һΣ⼸˴档
һ棬סҶƽ֣ϴЦݣҶƽȻҲЦ˵Ҷƽ֮ЦҶǺþû˰ʡǿ˲ٵ£ֳܶҽˡ
Ҷƽһ˵ҲЦʡĹҵ֧֣ûжг֧֣ǵĹ϶õģֳܶԴӦᡣ
ܶһЦ˵гǹǺ֧֣ʲôҪ󣬶гӦǡ
ܶô˵аͽ֮⣬ϾгҪίǣǶ罭֮ȴת˵ֳܶ⻰˵ˣôӦǼӦģϵ㻹ҪҶѰ֧֣Ҷ˵ǲǣ
ͻȻ˳ܶһӣҶƽеͻأһȥоԳܶܲ⣬⣬ͲôԼǰ˵⻰ʲô˼


942 г
ͻȻ˵˳ܶһ䣬֮ܶȴЦЦһҲҿԣ̬ȼΪ˳ҶƽͻȻ֮ʶһʲôѲɶǹԼǰ˵ܶİɣ֪ΪгԼǰϡ
һ룬Ҷƽȥһĸպ˵ı֣ڶǰҲǷǳĹĸգಽӣԴֱū̷ӡ
Ϊ칫ΣҪΪ쵼ģһνûһԼϺʶȫ쵼ӰӣҲǲеģ쵼ô죿Ϊ칫ԼԱ쵼
Ҷƽһ룬Ǹеٷ˵źԢ⣬֪ԼҪ˽ȥְڹȴԼԷҪԼİɣԼ֪˽еʵԼλãҪλ
һУһַҶƽòһ˽һֶεģ֮ǰ˵ⴺԵⴺȽϴܿס⣬϶ҪԵⴺͷϡ
ԶԸҶƽ˽һЩͶһ˰֮󣬶ûκεĿλϣȻҶƽҶ
Ҷƽ˿Աߣһ˵λãͳܶվ֮󣬲߹ȥҪһۣȴͻȻ˵ĸһȥˡ
һۣȻĸնһۣ˱һȥȥˣҪ˵ǳгڻֻг˲¼Ĺϵʱȫǰ칫θɵĻǶȴҲȥˣԹԵˣҶƽͻȻ֮егڶǰ̫ûзˣֱͬԼ˵⣬Ҫô⿹⣬ɶʹҪôǶˣһҪӶġ
뵽Լ˽ְΪггҪģǱ˸ܿգ
о뷨Ҷƽһʱûб̸ֳЦ죬ʱ򣬵ȻʲôõıʾϾҶƽڻǹ֮ûĹϵ˶⿴ȥҶƽǳС
Ƕƻһ棬ԴУԴԼ˰ԵҶƽ˽егԺԵһͻᱩ¶ˡ
˺;Ժ󣬶кҶƽȾƣȾƶҶƽ˵£ҶƽȻǼ
ȫڶɫ֮£ƵƵƣҶƽоΨ֮Ǵӵпָܹģ֪֮Ĺϵ˽ְԺԾѧϰ
һ뵽⣬ҶƽͻȻоһЩ⣬оԼ뷨ֻ˸ѹסˣԽѹƣԽǲ뷨ˡ
ҶƽȥԹŮһ£ȺƣƾľһҪЩ˸ȵ֪Լ
ҶƽһôӣƾǺȵöȾսˣ˵ʱԾǸ϶ĽˣЩһǵۣҲûп˵Ҫһ
ĸһæȥȰ˵ȥԱϢһȶˣҶƽҶȾƣһҶƽֹȾƣЩӣôҶƽǰˣ
һҶƽǺͶֺһȣҲǸо˾Ҷƽļ򣬲ͣ˵ҶþԺǾǴˣ
ʡίûжۣǶȴʱ˵ҪҶƽӣȻ˵ѾˣȻô˵
ѾˣҶƽȻƽʲôĸһˣ㿼ôչ˶⣬ܶǿԣûкҶƽ˿ûȥȾƣĲλЩˡ
ĸպͳܶ˷˳ȥھƵϢҶƽûκε飬Ǵһк뿪˾Ƶꡣ
·ϵʱһ뵽飬ҶƽЩЦ˶ԴԼǲ̫һЩ˰
ʵ治磬û죬ʡίίٿ飬о˽ίҪ쵼ѡ˽ίǣҶƽΪ˽гѡˡ
ʡί֯͸ʡίһǰ˽ⴺһͬǰȥҶƽһ˽Ժ󣬶ǰӭӣ˽С
˽ίãȫеҪ쵼ɲѾȴ棬˲ᣬҶƽ˾һ߽˴á
ʡί֯ⴺȻǰ棬Ͷ⻹ҶƽȻں棬߽ãϯ̨
ⴺ֣ⴺȻ˽ίǣλҪټˣⴺϯ̨ϣɤӣȻ鿪ʼʡί
濴һۻ᳡Ÿֻ˵ʡίⴺͬ־ٵ˽ίǡίίԱһְͬ־˽ίǣҶƽͬ־˽ίίԱίһְΪгѡˣշ
ôһʱ滹һĲͬʡίȥⴺְʱǣȻǳίίԱְְʱǴӸߵͣȥҶƽְʱɵ͵ߣΪίԱȻǳίǸǣⶼһĴġ
ְʱֻᵽһְûᵽίίԱһְⲢ˵ⲻǳίίԱΪԭȾ˽ְѾǳίίԱٽˣֱΪǾˡ
ǻôһһ֮ʡί֯·ʡίҪ·Ǵ鲿ĸɲһڵľǻ϶ⴺ˽е⼸ίĳɼָ˽н÷չѸ٣ҵ˳ķչǶⴺͶһֿ϶ʡίߵȷ˵ûôˡ
˵Щ֮󣬾ǵᵽҶƽˣ˵μᶨǿдʶʡίΪ˽ίǺʵģ˵ҶƽʱᵽҶƽμᶨԵҳϣ㣬ҪϸʡίҶƽͬ־ΪгѡˣǴȫʡȫгĴֳһεҶƽŷḻĵط飬Ҷƽͬ־˽йǺʵģϣ˽йɲȺһί쵼£ʡίĹȫƽ裬ʵȫʡƶĸĿ꣬ȫУٽúҵĿٷչ


943 
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Ҳ׼˱̬֮ҶƽҲ˱̬ʾӵʡίľ֯ϰ˽ְ֯ϵΣҲԼ˽ѵûͬʱеشʹ١˽ǽصһ飬սλʮҪĻ񣬷չǱ޴һϧ˽ɲȺһ´ҵûᶨƵΪƶ˽ҵչԼ
ҶƽͬʱʾҪĸԾԾ˼ͬίָ߶һ£ԵҳϣԾжڵȫͶ뵽˽չУԾּͣԾܼලŽг
Ҷƽڳϯλ֮ǰҲ˸׼Ҳˣ֪Լв¼֮ģڽбʾҪίָ߶һ£öеģһʲôͻ
Ҷƽ֮ⴺܽᣬһعԼ˽ְ̣һҲǱʾ֧˽Ĺϣһίץסӿ췢չ˽й¾档
ⴺԺ󣬻ɢˣȻҸظңҸػصԼĵλֻߵĹ̵УҲί쵼ĵ
ǴгתίǣҶ˽⣬ЩϵõĸɲڿģһίǣлǽãһӾ׬ˡ
Ҷƽֻ֪ܶǻ˽ˣоҶƽܵϹһʡǸôĶǾԲһͨĽɫȻҶƽ϶ҲȻӹתг˾ҲһΣ˽ϾǴУҲʡ쵼һá
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ʱǱ߻ٲǨȹûнãίŻԭĵط칫ҶƽԺ
˽ԺίԺҲ̫ԶǹģûίԺ涼һЩĲС¥С¥׺䣬ԺڵȽ϶࣬գ·Ժľ࣬ƽ˼ظУҲ⡣
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Ҷƽİ칫ͷһӣߵһӣΪҶƽڶ棬档
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ĸոҶƽһ˵ҶƽͷͬˣⷽûôĽֻԿһۣ˽ȥ
ȥԺĸҲ˽Ȼ㰲һ˹רΪҶƽ񣬵ˮɨʲôģʲôҪҶƽֱӰȥ
˵ȻҶƽ飬ֻǰ칫һͨķԱԱܽӽҶƽҲ˵ĸոĹϵϺãȻš
յҶƽ϶ȥרעһЩС£Ҫ˽˽еһЩ£ڻϢһ£ĸհй̸һ̸ǰһЩ¡
ӵĸյĵ绰ҶƽҶƽ֮󣬾Цһ
ǳгܶ๤ҪЭһľͿ֪ĺܶ飬ҿԾصͨһĹǺÿչˡ
һҶƽڵĹǸǰҪһίĽ蹤˽ʵʩнҪһݣ˽ҵڶ࣬ǳн軹һЩ̰壬ί̰ǧĶأȻٰһЩѧУҽԺʲôתƹȥ˽еĳòһķչ
ĻҶƽͷչʲôزˣǷܹ˳ƽ
ʾĽǱȽ˳ǹҲһЩѣҪٲǨѵ⣬ϰֵθڶܴ󣬰ͰĲǨѶȱȽϴҪȡһЩӲʩ
ԺҶƽһ룬˵гҸչһĹһЩģʲôҪЭ̵ģ㾡ȥЭҸյҪһܣ˽һһЩճˡ
ӦҶгͷİɣճһᴦõģҲڣĸҲᴦãȥ˵У費ȥͬ
ҶƽһͲ鷳ˣҾߣ˽еľõλʡһģˮ۲ˣҪúϣѸȥ
˵Ȼģίļǿ쵼أͨǵŬǵĸȥ
Ҷƽǰרᵽίļǿ쵼Ȼǻԭ򣬵ҶƽȴǵȥʡԼԷ龰ΪȻ⽻ãӽͬȥһЩ顣
ֻôһ룬ҶƽҲû˵ʲôǸҪֽĹҪȥȥץʵʵҪһЩҪĹȵ˽ԺרٿоȻȷȥɡ
ҶƽҪ󣬵Ȼûκģгȫ湤ҪΣκҪ鶼УĿʱȥºҪȻǾ׼Ժȥʵʩ


944 ס
Ҷƽ̸һ̸飬Ȼ׼ŵֱһЩλһ˽һȫе
Ҷƽһ£ֱкöһһȥ˽Ļǿ϶ûʱģֻȥص㲿˽һһȫеĻ
ЩֱţһҪ˽ľǲţƹȫеĲΪһ֮϶Ҫ˽еļҵ˽ȫеĲʲôÿĿ֧룬Ҫ˽һ顣
Ȼ˽ЩѲֳйֱһʼǿԣԵ̫ţʵʣֻȥһˣֵ쵼ӳԱһ棬ʽȡǵĹ㱨Ȼһǣ˽ƶĿġ
Ҫ˽⣬ȫеĹҵҲҪ˽һ£ⷽҪȥйҵίйҵίȫеĹҵȥ˽һЩȫеĹҵչ˽ΪһҵĳУⷽҪ˽
÷չ벻أڹι֮󣬵Ȼܲȥֿһȥίͽֿһ£ίȫеصĿҪ˽⣬ͬʱָȫеĳн蹤ҲҪȥ˽һ
ʵҲӦȥֿһµģΪմӹȥֵһ£ҲʾԹӣһ뵽ܶһ飬ûⷽ뷨ˡ
ֱ˽֮ȥתһתһķչȫ˽ȫеһĺô
ҶƽǰЩ鿼һ£֮չҪ˽ȻҪٴˣûȥ˽Угһ֣Ҫץþùһ֣ҲҪʱΪгҪȥʾгһЩˣһܴȨ
˵ڶ죬İ칫Ҿĸհ˸ʰˣҶƽȥԺ󣬾Ƿְ칫װ޵÷ǳһһ׼䣬ǵ˵ʱû׼䣬ʽİ칫ң鷿ң֮Ϣ
˿칫ҵҶƽû˵ʲôԴʲôĸտ϶㱨֪һ᲻˵ģԼʹʲôҲὲ
һ뵽ĸԭⵣΰ칫εҶƽɨĸһۣ֪᲻ὫĸյίȥȥˣԼѡһ칫ΣȻ治Լİ칫ΣϾĸûʲôʧҪʺڰ칫ελӣȫҲǸгʲôģⲻľ⽫ĸյίǱߣίʲôģʡ¡
ĸտ϶Ƕˣĸһֱΰ칫ΣһЩ飬ͻʱ֪ˣʲôԼĵطĸմ绰пԼʲôС
Ҷƽ˶ԭİ칫ңһЩȫˣԵÿյģ֮ԿյҪԭΪҶƽûһЩ֮ĶЩֻҪܷһӵ飬Щʵϲģ˿ġ
ҶƽҲϲ飬ǹæҲûʱ俴ĸվǶ˵죬ŪһЩݺʯͷȻһЩ飬칫װһ£ˡ
ĻҶƽûбʾԣյһаհ칫ҵҪȥôŪôŪ˵еϲˮڰ칫ҵϻҪһˮ
ҶƽԴ֮ԱǣһЩ˾ϲһףˮܱһһƽٷƣǸ˻Ŭʲô˯ʲôҲøˣЩȫ޻̸֮
ĸղ֪ҶƽƢԲûҪҷˮһ飬յߵгʱʱǵΰ칫ҸΣһ죬ûѧ׵ĴʦһǾЩ֣͸˽ѧһרѧ׵Ľڣϵһ¡
Ļ֮󣬾û˵ʲôȻͼæȥϵ˽ѧĽ˵гټͼæ˹ȻǺڰ칫˴죬ʱ򣬽ڵǳǺܸˡ
ڽԺ󣬶ǰйѰ칫Ķ½аڷţҲ֪ΪʲôҪڣֱ֪ǽڸָԽǷˮ
λˮĽºҲǵõ˶֧֣һͨĽڣѧԺĸԺνһδ档
Ҷƽڵ˽֪֮ҵɸģûд飬ĸҪٰŸ飬һĸûʲôʾһʾĸȻͲǿиһ顣
ҵɵʱίһƵһƳһθͲϣҶƽ˿дĹĲϣ˳Ҳܾ񣬶ʱȱһΪרŷ飬˽һʱ䣬ǸĸգҵɵԼ߹
гҪһ飬ĸȨ棬ҵɱһƵĸƳۺһƵĸƳۺһƿƳȻҲΪģһƵĿƳʵĸһҪǷһЩҪ飬Լ׫дһЩҪĲϣҵ൱С࣬ճҪз
һƵĿƳҵҪܵҶƽӣһƵĿƳȻǾЩˣҶƽгֻһƳĸն޷һУʲô
칫ҰźˣҶƽҪһסԺĺмżԺЩԺҲǱȽϵˣҪǵģһҪ滮Щط϶ҪԾûٽзǡ
һЩɲͨļԺ֮⣬רΪ쵼סС¥Ժӣ൱һˣֱȱЩҲԭǵģ϶ҲǲãͬҲ޷ˣҲҪ
ĸվ׼Ѷԭס¥ڳҶƽסʱûüڳҶƽֻʱסдרΪ쵼ṩʱסķӣдǵҪԺίԺãö쵼סȥǲԸصԺȥסˡ
һֱסдⱾҲסǱߵģһǵгͷأȥһ˵лԻסԺС¥
Ҷƽһʱ޷סȥֻסд棬д棬ܺãһרŵķԱɨ˲ˮܶʱĽӴǷдģһϣ˾ƣֱӻдסϢҲǵһЩ쵼ԸסڴԺԭ֮һҶ﹤صԺסûչˣзԱṩǷˡ


945 ٿί
Ҷƽסд죬ټίһһΪӷϴͬʱʡר˽һȣҶƽûʱȥС
ٳϵӭҶƽЩˣʱ䣬̣壬νȻ˵Ȼθȵű
û˹ˣҶƽ׼ȥֱλһתһת˭֪άСһάѾʡˣСȻʡˣǼ̫ͣûǰӸ
Сϵ˹άάȻͺһ˽ӵ˵ĵ绰Ҷƽûа취˵ǲҪˣԸС˵ϾС񼶱ͣô˵ʹСҲû¡
ǶڹάЩˣάȻԼεĲ˼ҲǸĸɲˣһҲ֮Ҷƽ͸ĸһǰд
ҶƽҲû˹㣬Ϊһǿ϶Ҫȶ࣬ͺһԳԷ졣
άϽйֳȨҲǱȽϸߣԭֻһͨĸɲû뵽ҶƽҲǼʱ䣬ɳΪһĸɲˣͷȻʮֵĸмҶƽҶƽʲôԸġ
ЩҶƽ˽Ҷƽûȥ˽ϸ֯ϵҪ£˾ûдһ˾ˣûһ˽ŵôȻֵίίǣʵȻеЩѹ
гҲûбȫѹҪʱҪһӣȻ˽еԼҲǰڲƽģеʱҲҪԼ֧֡
СıúԭԸ񣬽һɫְҵװԵñȽʽǴӱ鵱ԿԿǰʱҪǼҶƽϾ÷֣Լϲ·ǽȴûС
֪Ϊ͹άһҶƽǰ֣߻Ϊԭ򣬲άӦ֪Ҷƽ֮Ĺϵ⣬Сһ绰ǴӦһˣӦӦһŮͬ־һҶƽ
֮ҶƽʹάϵһЩάǸϵ»ǱȽ˳ȽΣٲҲǽ̫࣬Ϊֳ᷸ĴԹǱȽ˳ġ
Ҷƽǵ˵ͷֻҪάϽйֳλӸȣһһķչɲλãôҲֹڸְλˡ
빫ά˵껰ҶƽҲܲС˵һ˵һС񣬾Ҳϵ顣СǿЦһЦȻشĻ
СڵЩãΪҶƽŵʡҶƽôˣ˲඼֪Ҷƽϵе飬ҶƽһߣȻҶƽڹԼǱĿҲеǳܡ
ûа취Сʱ޷ʡģҶƽҲҶƽɣҶƽڿСӣǸеԼС̫ˣҲպ԰ΣеʱֿƲסĳ嶯СôһĴڡ
άҶƽ̸һỰϲ˳ȥҶƽСˣ˿ҶƽС̧ͷ˵Ҷ磬û뵽㹤䶯ô죬Ӧ𣿡
ʽһʣҶƽһЦСʲôӦҲǾı䶯ûɶʡǱߣҪԼĹ
С̾һҶ磬㲻֪ͷЩ˶ΪŮأ
Ҷƽһ£˵ôܣûֹϵҪҸкչһ¡
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ҶƽһҲǣǶ࣬һǻֶοţСĽҲһִĽûʲô뷨Ǳ˿ǲô롣
ҶƽһʱĬûٸСþЩ̫ƵˣֻܰοС񼸾䣬úȹš
СȴǸԼŶһ¹ϵ׼ٵʡ̨һȥֻһߣʱ˵Ҷƽͻлȥ
СҶƽЩжˣоЩԼĺ֪֪治ö˵ʲôһֳϰɡ
С뿪˽ԺҶƽҲЩģΪ˰ֻ뷨ȥҪȥеʱ򣬶ٿ˽ĵһίίᡣ
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ߵӵʱҶƽίԺԺȻǳæµΪߵҪٿίίԵʡ
ϲٿ飬ҲģڵίͬҲˣʱȻԼİ칫һȡ
볣ίٿʱ仹ʮӵʱȥһʣҶƽûУˣԼİ칫һˡ
ĸϵĸָҶƽҶƽպõίԺڣҪȥίңһӵ绰ȥ˶İ칫ҡ
˶İ칫ſڣ˽ȥһЦһ£ûӭӣҶƽ
˶һۣҶƽҲûпԱߵɳϣһˮȻͰŸˡ
Ժ󣬶Ǻ̸쳣ίҪо⿼йͨһ£׼һί켸Ա֮ǰûкҶƽ˵Ҫٿǰ˵һȽҶƽȻ󵽳ίʱ򣬺ͨ
飬Ҷƽ֮ǰѾˣ飬ڶôʱҪĹԱǻɶͼгĹԱҪǰһʱѰѹأڶȴֱҪϳίۣ͸оͼı
εԭµģǱʱϤίߣⴺ֮ҲûüΣڰˣܹԱĹԣԹкô
ҶƽţҶƽСϣʲôִȷʵ죬÷ίǣˣһ²㷴ԣԼ˹ͨҲٶ˵ʲôˡ


946 Ĵѹ
Ҷƽ˹ͨĿĵȻΪ˳ί˳ٿûϵȻλϷ쭣Ҷƽֲ
̸껰֮Ҷƽһίȥʱ򣬻ˣĳίѾȫˣλҪ쵼ĵ
Ȼǰ棬ҶƽһȥĳίԾԾֱ壬߽
һɨǳԭⴺǸλȥҶƽȻҪԱߵǸλӣɨһ»᳡Ǳ
ĳίһڵԭһˣԭȻҲǱȽϰԵⴺǰҪǫѷһЩڳһ֣ȻǷǫѷˣҶƽȥȴǸеƽͣȻ֪Ҷƽԭǹҽʡǵ˼鴦ˣˣƽӹµµ֮ڿȥƽͣδؾͻӶġ
Ҳ֪ҶƽھҪϣҶƽԡ
һۻ᳡֮󣬶ǺҶƽһȻǿί֯־磬־һԼɤӿʼ˵µһ£Ҫ漰ί켸ͬ־õ£ίһΣ⻹ͬ־ְֱܹ漰ĸѡ
־һܱϣǿңôҷһίǶŹʢǿһۻ᳡ŹʢûܵгͷȻǲˣǶԴҲûа취̫࣬ץס˰ѱֻʵؼίǰɣĹϵȽϺãڵίҲŲٵʵȨ
ŹʢͷԼʾͬ⼸ͬ־µΪίҪְܲţĸɲϽ棬ڽһµĵǷǳбҪģʵġ
ŹʢԺĳίҲαһûʲô飬ϾĸɲΣίҪ쵼ˣмίǻȴ뷨ԶһֱߣεΪίǣȻûа취ڿһξθɲ͸оЩ̫ˡ
Ȼһֱ˽УҶƽҶƽʲô˽⣬Ҫθɲⲻ۸˼ҶƽҶƽʲô˽⣬˭Ƕһ˵㣿Ҷƽ˵ʲô
Ȼ룬ڱʱҲ޷˵ʲôҲǺһʾͬ
ί˵֮󣬶תͷҶƽһۣʵҶг㷢һɣ
ֱĳϣһ㶼ίȻλҪ쵼ͬ־ܽԵгܽһ㣬ίܽһ㣬ھֵҶƽܽˡ
ҶƽϤȻ֪ǲµĻᣬҲΪοṩ㣬Ϥ£ȻûʲôԵҶڸղŻ̸飬ͨһ
⿴Ҷƽ㿪˵Ҹ죬Ǹղ˲ٲĽܣо⼸ͬ־ǷǳĸɲȽ࣬õĻҪãϣ⼸ͬ־µĹλܾҵҵĹãͬ⼸λͬ־ְš
ҶƽƽؽⷬûʲôͬʱҲûбֳȫСӣ˸оϵһϣϾҶƽĳίǶų羴ġ
ʵҲܸоҶƽϵֲʣ˾ǳ֮ţֻҪҶƽίڼ䲻ˣҶƽεȥǲκεķԵġ
Ҷƽһ꣬ǵͷԵúϣʾµǴȫеĹֳһεбҪҲܼʱȻҶûôͨˣ֯ȥ⹤
ǽˣ˳ֱͨûбҪˣоԺ󣬶ǰ㱨Ĺڳίϣгһ㲻ǵίᱨ湤ģҪʱɳгͣΪгίͬҪ쵼ֻҪʱܽǿˣίֻ飬гܽᣬǿгֻ飬Ǿίܽᣬгǿ
ίᱨڵĹҪĽ蹤Լй滮Ĺ
аСʱı棬֮󣬾ǿڱ̬ĹƽЩٶȸȥɲУǰڵʱǿԵģѣٶȾָӲԭָӳңҶгˣҪҶгһҪȫԸذã⣬˽еĳòǵľʵƥ䣬ҪһʱǵĳзһҪı仯ǵĳòȻһ¡
ǰĹΪչٶˣȻԭģȴָƽˣģʵ˵ҶƽģҶƽɫġ
ΪƲԼ˵ǰڵĹƽıȽϺãȴƽˣԼθƲˣȻ˵ҲûθƵҶƽϣҶƽûʲôΡ
ǶȴôҸеǹҶƽǰκεıʾҶƽо⡣
ͣһֽ˵Ҫǿн裬ıǵĳòίҪǿͳһָЭҽ˽гн蹤쵼С飬쵼С鳤Ҷгθ鳤ƽʱҪҶгشЭϣ쵼СԱͬоЭӿнĲĽǳнҪһ֣ҶгһҪ߶飬ӿ칤ٶȣȡһ֮ڰѹɡ
н蹤쵼С飬Ⱦõ飬˽һųеĴģ裬ίǣҪȨץԼϣһ飬һֱڻǽҶƽ𣬶һĹѶȱȽϴҶƽҲڳȥȫеĳн蹤ͳһָӡ
ĹȻн蹤쵼С飬ͬǴҶƽȭȵƿž棬ҶƽгڳίϸԲʲôˣϣⲢûίȻҪԼ˼磬ҶƽеЩֲҲ˶Ŀίڼ䣬ǲгʲôΪġ


947 
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ҲҶƽһٿ飬ĸ֪ͨеĸгйְܲŲμӻ飬ڻǰҶƽ˼⣬ҪΧƳίо
ΪгȽ˹ͨЭȷЩ⣬ĸгҪǰԼֹܵĹһҪооȻϳ֮ǰҲҪҶƽһ
صоĻĽͳнĹ滮ĽҪ𣬶ҶƽֻǸڶҪӿȣôҪЭһЩְܲżӿǨȣ֤ڵ˳С
һ¥ĶٿҶƽ֮Ҳһ˳ңĸгԼְܲŵĸѾ˻ҡ
һ֮Ҷƽͺһǰһߵǰȥһۻ᳡Ҷƽڿᡣ
Ҿֱ壬￴ҶƽҶƽֿڵǰǵĹĽ蹤ίѾ飬ҵָӲָӳȫȨ飬гԶг帺飬һҪίҪãڰѴҽйҪоһ飬̨һµļӿǨȵĹҳԣ˼棬á
ĽһƴḶ́ҶƽЭҶƽ飬⻹игԶǨԶǱˣ޴ǨǶ˼ʹҲ⡣
Ҷƽһ˵ְܲŸ˾ǿʼһЩĹ飬ҶƽϸȻ߼ǡ
ְܲҪǽ֡ǹּܾǨŵĸˣ־ֳܶҲμӻˣԶ֪ͨģΪǨҪֵϡ
ְܲŵ˽֮󣬾ǼгһЩҪ߱ǨĻ⣬˾ΪҪ̨һķЩǨĻһĽЩԸⲻϲǨˣôǲǽҽֵܷ÷ӣֽͨ͵ķʽƶĿչ
ʵҲоЧһӴ󽱳ȣҶƽǵĽ飬оҪӿǨȣһнʹʩһҲҪɲĹǰѹʲ棬ûģٺõĽʹʩҲ⣬ٳ̨µĽʹʩ»ЩǨΪ߽ͱ׼Ļ͵¹ѶȽһӴ
һҶƽʾټӴ󽱳ʹʩҪѹץʵץϸֻҪǰ˼빤㣬ΪȺڿǣȺҲǵġ
Ҷƽֱ̬һЩгеЩʵʣԶ󵱳ǱʾҶгͱ׼ߣǹøɣܣԲݣʵ
Զ⻰һ˵ļгҲǵͷͬ⣬Ҷƽ˵֮ǰƶĽͱ׼Ѿ⹫ˣڲǨһ𲻶Ҫ߽ͱ׼ҿⲻǽͱ׼飬ǲ׼飬ҾҪͨʼٽǨôǾҪ߲׼˵ǲǣ
Ҷƽôһ˵˱ǾҶƽ˵Ҳеͱ׼ƲǺܿܲǽͱ׼£׼£ڽͱ׼£϶ǲеġ
ǲ׼ǣ޴󣬲оҪһˣһҪƲԶ˵ҶгίƶʲôʩҲòƶ
⣬Ҷƽ˵չǲͼƽ죬ίҪǼӿ칤ȣǲܻţʵʵȥߣҿǽоһ²׼ߵ£о֮ύίίо
ȻΪ׼ߵӦίίۣҶƽȴڳϽоȻύίۡ
һҲеǸҶƽԶһÿ飬ĸյԶʹһɫ
һʱû˼Զȴˣ˵׼ΪȲҪۣҿҪо߽ͱ׼£ƶǵĹ
ûĸյ˼ԶȴһˣΪ׼Ƕ֮ǰģҶƽҪƷô룿λ߲ͨ׼飬֪϶
ĸڻ᳡һʱ뵽⣬ǸԶʹɫһʱû׹һԶһ˵һ׹ˣҲʾ׼ߵ¾ͲҪо˰ɡ
һ˷о߲׼£гһҲ˾ˣҪⷽ£ǲͬ⣬о
һҶƽ˵Ǻãȷһţ˽Ժٽо
ҶƽһȻо׼£ôͱ׼ҲҪоˣֱӽһ⣬йسн滮飬Ȼⵣγн蹤쵼С鳤Ǿ幤ҪɣԱоһ顣
Ҷƽо飬û˵ʲôԶȴǸеҶƽŹԶ˼߽ͬͱ׼ȴò׼˵£ԶгԼ⣬Ψ֮Ǵӵġ
Զ뷨ûҶƽ⣬ҶƽڲԸоǿҪоҪȵº㱨֮˵
һой滮飬Ľֳ͹滮ֳҪĹ㱨ҶƽǵĻԺ󣬾Ǹǣ滮飬Ҫ»ǮСС֣ŪùҪ·ҪҪʮ겻ĳй滮Ƹ˽ѧ滮ЩҪȥһĳй滮ר滮飬ֻҪǹ滮ȷϸչ滮Ҫȥ죬ⷽһҪѵͷԣȲͷԷȣҲܺͿûԶ
Ҷƽһ˵Աе棬ҶƽԼļ⣬֮ǰЩĿǳˣ˽ѧĹ滮ʦ飬ʵǶǰնⱾ˵ģûؿ͹۵Ĺɡ
ҲǣⱾ˵飬ַֹͬܳй滮ԶҶг滮ȽشǲҪίʾԺ


948 Ӳ
Զôһ˵ҶƽϾЩҲסǵô˵棬Ҳȥ˵Զ󣬱ǵصҲãгȥʾɡ
Զһ£Ҷƽо̫Զƺڶ⣬ڵеֽŶסĸо
ԱҶƽɫãҲǸеãԶʸϣʵǿ⣬ʵΪ˵棬ļ˽磬˳˳ˮһΪǼʵһҲΪҪ쵼ĹϵõԵʡ
Ҷƽʱ˽һֻ֪ǶȽ׽ˣ»ڶ⣬ûϵԶ˸ˣԶʱΪ˽ġ
ҶƽҪʵίģҶƽԶ˱ʾԣҶƽԲȥо£ог⣬ȰЩˣνĹȵ˽Ժ˵
оļϣû˷ˣ˳ͨЩ⣬ץʵˡ
һɢҶƽصԼİ칫ңеЩɲԶȫӶģгʲôȨ
һ룬ҶƽеҪʲôȻ˭£
ڶ죬ҶƽĸյͬµвӲ칤вֳǿӭҶƽһУǿⴺˣⴺĹϵϽĹϵⴺˣǿڲ֪Ҷƽʲô̬ȵ£ҪģǶ᲻ȴǲ˵
ˣһҶƽǿȻҪȽϹһЩֲҹڹΪĸԱ߶ء
ǿԺҶƽȻҪ۲ǿ̬⣬˲ֵİ칫ңȡǿвĹ棬˽еĲ֧һ¡
Ҷƽ֮󣬵ͷϿɣҪһҪԴǿʵҪ֧ڼԼǲʽҪбȷȫеľúҵķչӦеá
ǿȻҶƽָʾҶƽĹ㱨Ժ󣬾־뿪˲֡
ǿļ棬Ҷƽӡ󻹲ⴺϵĻ뷨ⴺһ棬ȡⴺ֧֣ⴺӦĹһ֧֡
ȥв֣Ҷƽȥ˹ҵί˽ȫеĹҵҵίάһʿⴺ˲ţȥǳţһҵίάҶƽȫеĹҵкͷչԼһЩάҶƽ˽еĹҵҪͳ֧ҵ֧ţʵǳϱһҪ뷢չȥҪҵṹչһЩ¼ҵʵֲҵת
ĻҶƽͷʾⷽĹҪһоӿ칤óԵķύίо
άҶƽǰ֣ǿеӡܺãҶƽάĹǸ˳ֵϿɡ
ȥ깤ҵίҶƽǵ˹֣־ֳѾˣεĹֳȻûмµĹֳֳ֮æӭӣҶƽ֣һ߽칫¥ȡĹ㱨
ĹҶƽǱȽϤֳǰѹҶƽһ飬Ҷƽصʼ⣬ҪǿԴĲڵ⣬Լȫеõָ⡣
ֳһһˣҶƽǸֱõָһҪǾ÷չͻĲҵһЩҵԲָꡣ
ȥ˹֣Ҷƽȥ˷ί˽ȫеصĿ裬ίһϲĽܻǰ֣ҶƽоЩ̸ӡ󲻺ãҪȡίεĻ㱨ȡ˹ȫصĿ
⼸صĿⴺڵʱģЩ㵽ڻûиãҶƽ֮󣬾ǸеٶЩҪҪӿٶȣĿʵʩϡ
ίξӦ飬뿪˷ί֮Ҷƽȥֵģһ뵽ֳϵı֣ʱı⣬任˳ǹֵܾĻҪȥ˽ȫеĻ
һжĸЩһ뻷ʲô˽ģҶƽҪȥȥֹҶƽǵ˻ĿģҶƽҪӽһЩĸɲְ⣬˽Ҫгн裬ҲҪ˽һⷽȻƽһⷽĹ
˻ԺԱЩֲΪҶƽʱľߣˣǹֺܾͻ쵼ûκε׼
˻ԺҶƽǿλĻǲôЩ˳ǹֺܾͻ쵼Ǹ㻷ģԼλĻûиãͲ˵еĻˣ˵ƽʱļ̫ɢûϸĹɡ
ڻķҶƽ˽еĵһηҲһοгϣĸոԱߣҶƽӣҲǸеҶƽ֮ԺҪСһЩˣȻҶƽô죿
ǹֺܾͻ쵼ܵҶƽҲȷʵ뷢⼸أȥλ׼õģֻлû׼ãʵ
Ҷƽܲ˻𣬷Ժ󣬳ǹֺܾͻ쵼ǼæģϾҶƽгҳǹֺܾͻֲʲôҪĲţֻҪҶƽ봦ǣֱ̫ˡ
뿪˻ԺҶƽʱȥ֣Ȼȥģһ룬ԼԭڹﵱгȥĻЩǣϾҪ˵֧֣ʹ֧ܶһҲǺõġ
Ҷƽʱȥ˹֣ĸʱ֪ͨܶйִԺǰǿϷãźԩţдɱ˳ĺ
һҶƽʱˣ⵽ʲôѵ˽ˣʱҲȥһӾǴʻ˽ȥ
ȥԺ󣬳ܶպӭӣһҶƽʵô£ʲôˣ
ܶǴһЩ񣬹µģһǰȫץ
һܶ˵Ҷƽ˵ҿԩģʲôԩ飬Ҫ˽ǹؾԲһԩҪúõȥһ£Ҹʡ绰ǹЭ
Ҷƽǲ˳̬ܶܶǳ˵ȺڣʹЩ˵ҪЩҲҪȥȷԴ


949 ͨ°
ҶƽڹҪܶãֻ֮ܶӦţʵһܸҶƽһͨ°һӿһ쮳ײһˣˣԽͨץǼ˵ҪˣͼæϷá
Ҷƽ֮ǰû˵ȻһʱҲǲ̫ףҪܶ飬һǾ˽¡ó׹˾ԶɽĶӣԶɽԶֵܣֹϵڰʱȻЩ˼ɣԶѾкˣӰȡȽ˸ųŵ߼Ϸá
ɾҶƽˣҶƽǹӳ⣬ȻҪһ£Ȼ־鲻ҪˣȴǲܲܣҪܶ鴦á
ҶƽҪԶ϶ǲ⣬Ҷƽ֮󣬳ܶǴ绰Զ󣬸˵Ҷƽ֪ˣô죬ȡǲܰˣˡ
Ȼ˵Ҷƽ̫飬ǳܶҶƽٴµ׼ȻʱҶƽҪôͣϾҶƽгԭǹͷЩҶƽġ
֮£ܶǸԶ绰ԶһǸеã벻ҶƽעС£һ룬ԶȥҶ⡣
Զڶ⵱гڼ䣬Щ¶ǰԶģΪԶǵطˣǿЩðǶҲ֪Զ˲̫ܰҪĸλϣгͿˣٵθ߼ĹԱǿ϶ǲеˣжεĻᶼûиԶ󣬶ԶҲ֪ļ˽йܵϸгҲͲˣıĲ඼Ǿ棬ˡ
˶İ칫ңԶǰ㱨һ£Щ飬ĸѾ㱨ˣԶıȻǺ⣬ԿԶ֮Ȼš
ԶĻ㱨֮󣬶ǱҪãϺãȻҲҪҶƽĹǰһ仰ȻģǺһ仰ȴζԶǹٳȻ֪˼
˵Щ֮ԶǰԼֶӵ⽲һ飬ʾϣܴᷢһֶӣҶƽע飬öܶһкˡ
飬ⱾְæҪԶδ֣Ϊ÷ÿһ£ǷҪԶæ
ҶƽҲ֪飬һ룬ͬԶҪ󣬱绰ܶȥһ绰ܶһӵĵ绰ͷȻЩΪѣǶڷ˻ͲٲˣҶ쵼ҲӶġ
ǣܶû֪ͨ½˸ȡˣΪƽϢ˵Զɽһٶ⳥𣬵Ľǣ˼ܺ߼ԸҪǮҪԶɽĶӽȥ׼꣬Ҫľ
ڹԽǮ⳥ԴΪɱǽԶɽĶӸȡˣһ浱˾ǿʼϷãһǻиίϰ࣬ݾҵɣҶƽȥӲʱûгΪҶƽ飬ڹȡʱȴǵҶƽߵˡ
һ˵ҵɳг飬˵ļȻϵæһ´£ҵɸոյҶƽߣ󷽱ֱӸҶƽ£ЩΪѡ
ҵҲ֪Ҷƽע£ȥһ⣬ŵķʽҶƽϣΪ쵼˾ôܸ쵼ṩ쵼֪Ϣ
ҵ뷨֮󣬱ǽһθҶƽͲϵĻᣬŽҶƽС
ҵɰһЩżУҶƽȻҪһģЩżΪҵѡģȻҪһ
һǿǷţҶƽᵽͨ°ıԶҲеУǸеЩ̫ףǰҵɽ˹
ҵɹ֮󣬾ϸذҶƽһ飬ҶƽףڹǸӣǣһЩ⡣
ҵɵĽҶƽûʲôʾҪһ⣬һͨµİȴǸôӣɴ˿ɼһЩ쵼ɲѾɥʧԭ򣬷ҪͨϵƽһЩ飬³һЩìܣеʹ޵ĵط
һСӣǣԶ󡢳ܶûԶӲܼܶԭҲԼʱúðˣôڻӣѵԶʩѹ
飬Ҷƽһʱ޷һ룬ǰѳܶ˹һʲôԭ򣬿ʲô̬ȡ
ĸոܶһ绰ܶӵ绰֮󣬾Ǵæ˹֮󣬾Ҷƽİ칫ҡ
˿Ҷƽûж˵ǰǷӸԼȿһܶһżǿеĿĵݡ
ȵ֮Ҷƽʵô£ǲϴڹǸӣ
Ҷƽһֻܶܽ͵ģǵ˲ģشˣ޷ǵҪǱĴ֣Ѿһٶ⳥ǻ֪㣬Ƿǹ¡
˳ܶĻҶƽһдĿʵǲгݹϵгǷк
Ҷƽôһʣܶǲûش飬Զ󲻴ãҶҲãΪʵݣǽаˡ
ܶ˵дĲʵгûкҴкֻ¡
ⷽ飬ҶƽȻ޷ǿϣ˵˼ҪҪ£ڰ˸ˣܲϷ𣿱ܲʲôè壿̽ٸôǼԺԺ£־ͲҪˡ
Ҷƽ൱ڵܶܶһǷѣԶӻ˵ﻹŶкǶк£϶Ҷƽ˵֪˿϶ˡ
˵ҶƽִҲûͣеΪˣһ룬ҶƽҶгвУһȥԺһӣĻǾѺûĻҲҪԭƽȶԴ˵Ȩ㿴в


950 Ӳͨˮ
ܶŴԲһ㣬ҶƽͶⶼ˵ʲôҪһ϶ǲܵġ
˵ˣҶƽǿô𣿿϶Ǹʵʵ˭־ΪתƣҪȥô
ͳ̸ܶ˰ĻҶƽȥˣȥԺ󣬳ܶȻûȥʲôֱӴ绰Զ󣬱ʾҶƽʩѹˣô졣
һҶƽֹע飬ԶǸеҶƽЩѵΪڳϣҶƽԵʣ
һ룬ԶЩԳܶ˵¾֣Լ⣬Ҫپл;УǹܲˣҲҪҵӡ
Զʹ˼ܶһӾˣʾᾡȥҪ̫ĽԶȻᵣʲôֶӣֻһӵ⣬ܶҪҶƽĻͻʰ
Ҷϵ绰֮󣬳ܶûа취һĻҪҶƽǱ߻ҪӦţԶӻҪؼеһ𣬾еǳΪѡ
ȥܶоҶƽյ˽ʵҪһЩҪӶģԶֵطʵɵҲܲһᣬǾҶƽĻǰԭĶµȥ죬ֻҪܺ߼йͨȡƽϢܺ˼Թ
Ҷƽ飬Ȼʱȥ£ٵȥ˽һ˽ľ÷չҲһľʵȻǿģ浱Уͨˮصľʵͨصľʵǿ
ҶƽҪ˽ΪĹ滮УҶƽԴֻҪ㱨ܹ˽Ĳ࣬Ҫǵȥ˽
һվѡͨˮأͨˮѾǵһˣһΪģȻٰãҪĵ˽һ
ͨˮίԶ飬سӵ֪֮ͨǰ׼׼ʱ·ڵĵطӭӣҶƽڳ￴ܵ·ӭӣȻеЩҲû˵ʲôӭ̫࣬˷Ѻܶ˵ľʵԹһö𣬵˾ִ˲ƣȻҲȫ£˵ﲻˣӭƺǲ쵼ӣȫһʽ͹ˡ
ҶƽոҪֳڲͬӣϾһ֣ʹıҲȱ㹻ȨԣֻеǱȴû˵ʲô
ԶҶƽιʱֻسѾίˣίǵʱ䲻ҶƽΪгӲ칤ȻҪͬȻҪ˵ȥ
Ҷƽڸ·û³ֱԶϳֱȥӲĵȥһһæǰ·ȻֱͨˮؾÿӲ켸ص㹤ҵĿ
ͨˮؿԴȽϷḻľʵȻôǮȴǲ٣سﱦ۵Ⱥ٣ͨȺڵˮƽȴǲô
ͨˮؾÿȻҲȡһЩɼЧԣΪһǣȻͶʿô׬ǮҺαҪͶҵȥ˼Ҵϰ嵽ͨˮضȥÿɽ˭ȥͶʹҵ
˾ÿԺҶƽǿֻмڽĳҽõĳֻһԶȥоÿ·ܷƵģʵҵûмһ˵ɽ׬Ǯ˭Ÿ㹤ҵЩͶʣҲпһȦΪΪ˸㹤ҵ
ҶƽԶĽܣƺЩҵ϶ҪǿЩõĳûκҪļ󣬾ǸеԶ˵ٻΪúŪĶˣÿȥͨˮصľ÷չҪط
Ҷƽֳû˵ʲôԶеɫأ֪ҶƽﲻǺܸˣҲûа취ֻҶƽõһܣܸҶƽǵĹûá
꾭ÿҶƽȻҪͨúһͨˮú̿޹˾ͨˮص֧ҵͨˮصĲҪһ룬ͨúǸؼɲϼ쵼Ӳ칤϶Ҫͨúš
ͨúŵܽȨէһ֣Ҷƽôһһ֮ˣһ֪Ȼһ۾ƺҵմʲôߣһ㱨ʱҶƽ֪˵ˮƽͣһĹҰ
ͨúһֱŽУҪ֮һõҵĻýһģȨһͨˮڵú̿Դͨú沢ϣ׳ҵʵ
˵һ£Ǳ֮󣬶ȴǷˣҽͷҲǲԸٸˣȨЩܲףİţֻʱϢģȥ顣
Ҷƽ֮Ȩְ뷨˳֮ԶϲÿҶƽǺܸȤҪô֧֡
ȨϾú̿Դ뷨ҶƽһоǿԵģҪвҵṷ̃́һЩĲܣǷϹҲҵߵģԴӦ֧֣ԭΪʲôûе֡
ҶƽʾԽоҪ׳ҵʵԴõЧʣҪԴϵϣͨˮؿԴḻԭҲڵȽأڵιʱڽһΣǲֳҪܹע
ԶҶƽĻûиҶƽֻǱʾǻһоģȻо㱨
Զƺⷽ治Ҷƽǲָ˾ÿڵ⣬ǸԶˣÿǷչõһСŻ߶棬ԴУ˲żУȫصľ÷չźܴƵģǲЩƣֻһӣ˼˵Ǿ÷չˣˣûһʵ塣
ЩھÿֻȦһأȻһ㳧ʲôƷûҵǲܻӭǵĵطǳ󣬸ǣǻúʵҵûõԴһֺܴ˷ѡ
ԣÿʣһҪ۾ʲôʶҪĿģ˵ЩֻΪͶͨˮصĿԴ˾Żߣ򵥵ظһ㳧Ȼ˿֮ͶʿԴĲȡҵȫصľ÷չûκôͨˮҪһ飬ĳڡ


951 ʡ
Ҷƽ㽲˳˵ȶͨˮصҲһ˽⣬Զ˾ǸеϹҲס൱гǵĹˡ
ԶҶƽĻ֮󣬾Ǳ˼䣬ʾֻǼĴڣ뵽ͶҵģȻⷽǻдġ
ҶƽԶĻû˵ʲô֮ͨˮصеܲ⣬÷չôһźܶ⣬ɴԶ鱾˵Ҳ˻ɣʱιʱԶӡǲôãһ￴еˡ
Զ鲻ûãΪûȨȨίǵУȻӣֻԶ飬ûԶ飬һȣϾгԶºûκΪģٴҲδԶźܴѹ
سǸոسԶǰಽҶƽûʲôɼΪسҲҪеһΣȫΪԶ
ͨˮӲ죬Ҷƽȥͨأͨصľʵǿͨίǿس˶ܾܸɣⴺˣչٳϵĻ˵ⴺˣǶˣԶǱ׼ڶˡ
˲ڶˣôڶⵣǣǱȻһҶƽҪҶƽ֧֣ԱƽһڵλӣȻ붯ǵĻͻ׵ˡ
ǿ˼Ҷƽ֮Ǻ飬ȻҲǵ·ӭӣûдôĳֻӭӣԶ˰˾
ͨҲоÿľÿȻͨˮزһҶƽֳһǸеľÿʵʵڵģŲٵҵӪȫһƬæľ
ҶƽĹ۸вǿҲվʵǵؽţ˵ӣҶƽҲ֪ΪʲôͨصľʵڸصʵǿˣλʵɵίǺسܲѾ÷չ
һ뵽ͨˮصҶƽǸеӦǿ˵һͨˮأȥͨˮطչһ¾ãȻǿĿԲ󣬱Ͼ˼ҳô˼ȥͨˮصίǣȥӦࡣ
뷨ûöͷУȥԺҪйص⽻һƶһµǰĹ
Ҷƽǿ˵Ƚ⣬Ҳ֪ǿⴺĹϵȽϺãҲһˣӲ֮רǿһԷһ˾ơ
ͨˮصʱҶƽûкԶһȾƣֻǼ򵥳һ㷹һֳˣһ֪£֪Ҷƽ˭Ҫ׽һЩ
гҪԷǿ˵ȻǳĸˣרźúõдҶƽһڴҵｻ֮䣬ҶƽʵѾǶ˴ͬˣҶƽڲ֪֮ǿԼʵ
죬Ҷƽȥȥ˿ûʲôرĸдǵĹǱȽйоأһֻ֮һЩָʾȻǻˡ
Ӳ깤Ҷƽ׼ȥʡһˣϵһⴺⴺ棬ⴺ˽лŲٵˣϵ˶֧ԼĹȻгֹ֧ûֹ֧ǲһġ
ǻûȥʡⴺҵǰǸͨ°һ£˵Ȼң⣬ܶûвȡʲôʩ
һܶȻûκεĶҶƽǱȽоûԼĻ£Լԭǹ쵼ھȻԼˡ
ҶƽҵɵĻ֮û˵ʲôȻֱȥʡǣʡ֮Ҷƽ־ߴһ绰Լ棬־߶ҶƽȻǷǳмģϾԺҶƽǰǸͨµİӽʡȥһӣȡӸˣȻֵ÷׷硣Թصһ𺦡
ҶƽĻ־ȻӦţҶƽȥųܶȴԼеɣҶƽܶʲô̬ȣҶƽǸܶڵԴЩ룬ҪͷһЩʡҪԶ참
־߶ʱҶƽ˼ˣӦȥ˽һӡ
־߼ԺҶƽϵⴺӵҶƽĵ绰ⴺھǴӦҪ
Ҷƽ˴ǰʡǣûдŰ칫ҵˣֻǽҵɸˣ֪ˣº϶ᴫĶĻͲˡ
ԭҶƽεģⴺ򸾻רΪҶƽҶƽڷˣ˵ȻҲȻͬ⡣
֪Ҷƽ͵Ŀģⴺ֪ӹ绰Ժ󣬾ʲô˼ˣȻҶƽǲҪй
ⴺ˽һҪѣͬʱҲϵһһίⴺȻ˵Ҷƽ֪ⴺĹϵȻ˵ҪⴺЩ֧ԼĹͬʱҲҪίͬ˾˻ίǵ֧֣гһܺõ֧š
Ҷƽͬⴺ飬ⴺǸһ绰Ϊ֪ʱʡ棬һ绰ȥǸ˹
ڳίҲ˶İ֮⣬Ҳ˽ҶƽĵλҶƽⴺϵȻ˵ҶƽѾʼˣΪгʲôҲˣʲôҲɣҪ±ˣûǲеġ
֮ҶƽȻЦ֣ȻҲǺܸ˵Ҷƽ棬ڶ⣬ҲҪҶƽ֧֡
ⴺ󣬾΢ЦſҶƽȻǸʡ֪ҶƽڵιʱΪһ˼䣬鴦ôĸɲһ˿϶ǰ첻ġ
Ҷƽȥ˽ȻֻǵгǽķչҲСӣӣȻҲ֪ҶƽЩ飬ҪҶƽȻίǾпԭԬһгܿա
൱ǿҶƽոչȥȻҪڶ⣬ҪѰͬ˾Ȼ׳Լʵ
ΪԭείǣȻҲ˽Լûһǿֵ֧Ļöձ£ֻһǿȰЩռܿ˶ձࡣ
Ҷƽⷽ飬Ҳʮֵĸˣ˵˫裬ҶƽʱҪҶƽԼ˽Ҷƽϡ


952 Э
Ҷƽ˽֮˳شĿģⴺϣϵάǿ绰һûͷһϵ£֧Ҷƽ
ҶƽһӾǵõⴺ˽жȻⴺӦкܶ࣬뿪˽Щ˿϶ҪҪӽǲɱ顣
ص˽Ժʡ˽Ǹͨµİˣ־Դӣֱҵ˳ܶ˼浽ʡʡҪ봦һ־߹£ܶǸеûа취ˣϾоֵĹҪʡ֧֣ûʡ֧֣оֵĹ϶ÿչ־ߵӽʡ
ʡԺ󣬳ܶǴ绰Զ飬Զһʡ£ô£ܶԼҲ֪ô£ʡˡ
ʡһӣϽ߸Ѻܺ߼ǲˣҵ֪󣬱ô£ҶƽȥʡǼ־֪ġ
ͨµİӾǸˣԶ֪Ҳûа취ȴе»ҶƽйأǶҶƽˣԭֻ⽻ãƺһҶƽȴҪҶƽרˡ
ҶƽСҲǹһ£̫ȥע飬ҪעȫеĴֹһ룬Ҫ⹵ͨһȫеĹ
ҵɸһ绰ȻҶƽȥҶ⣬һЩ飬ӵҶƽĵ绰֮һͬˣϾ˽е٣ҪһЩشнͨ
Լİ칫棬ȴҶƽĵҶƽİ칫֮󣬶ӭӣҶƽ˹ȥ
ŸϣҶƽͶ˾ǵһ𣬿˿⣬Ҷƽ˵ǣӶȫеһЩһЩ˽⣬һЩ뷨Ͷ㽻һ¡
ҶƽһۣЦЦðʲôĵ뷨ܵǽһ
ҶƽĻ֮󣬾˵ǣ̸һ̸ǨĲ׼⣬ҸΪ׼Щˣƶͱ׼ǲƽǨǲǿһ׼
飬֮ǰĸѱ浽ˣĸԶ˶ĹǸˣºҲǵˣǸ׼ȷʵпǵˣ֮ǰƶĲ׼ҶƽƷ϶ǶӰ죬ˣʹҪ߲׼ĻҲӦԼ
Ҷƽר㱨⣬ҲǶһأȻβ˳ˮۣӦҶƽҪȻ󵽳ίһ飬ҲƶͬʱҲάӡ
һ룬ЦҶг׼ҲˣȷʵЩˣҪߣͬٿίʱٹͬоһ顣
û뵽Ӧʹ죬⵹ҶƽЩԾûʲô̫ıʾ˵׼һͷһȻύίоڳй滮飬ҽȻҪ滮һĹ滮˽ѧƣҿһǷȱҽȥרҽƣǣ֪Σ
Ҷƽ飬֮ǰû˵ҲҶƽӲʱģ˽ѧҲİģҶƽȴҪ߱׼Ĺ滮󰡡
һ룬˵滮ȻǺãǳɱҲǱȽϸߣ˽ѧƣҿͿصȥʲôơ
⵱ʾ˷ԣҶƽ֮󲻷˵ǣȻȥǻĳɱϸߣǳй滮ǰƣ滮ˣǻʡȥٵĳɱǻ
ҶƽҪҶгꣿᵽƣҲҹͬڳзչ죬˵ǰƣʮƾͲˣǼʹЩרƣδؾͻᰴƵΪ˽ѧƵĺá
˾໥ˣһⲻԸҶƽȻҲûа취˵ǣȻΪ˽ѧƱȽϺʣǾ˽ѧưɣڻһǻ㱨һ£ҿͨˮصľ÷չȽȫип˵ǵףҪԭΪ쵼ӵ⣬ҽһͨˮص쵼ӣӿͨˮصķչ
ҶƽͻȻᵽ⣬һӾǣµ飬еһ񾭣ίǵȨޣ֣Ҷƽһᵽ⣬ȻܵҶƽв
ɫһ˵Ҷгϵ£ȲҪ˰ɣô飬һʱҲæ꣬αȥͨˮصµ飬˵ǲǣ
Ƶ˼Ҷƽϵǳں⣬ڶ⿴¾սȨ
˶һۣҶƽ͵ͨˮصĹΪźܴ⣬ھ÷չϣԶԶҲûʲôɫǲ뷨⣬ͨˮػԽԽڹϾߣͨˮص쵼ӣԽܴ⡣
һҶƽĵףʵҪôͨˮص쵼ӣ
Ҷƽ֪д⣬ǻֱ˵ΪԽͨصȥίǣԶֱλȥͨصĹȥԷӺܺõ쵼ãŤתͨˮصĹ档
һҶƽ˵ⲻЦҶгԶĹҾûǿԵģͨҲû̫ĳɼȥѵͿԽˣҶг˽ȵһصģòã
ЩҶƽ˼Ҷƽ֮ȻеҲȥȥҲûõģһǲ˵ʲôˡ׼뿪İ칫ҡ
ûϵȴ˵˻Ҷгղᵽµ飬ҿֵǿβҲмʱˣ׼ͨȥξֳȻֳͨȥβֳ㿴ô
һίǣҪǿˣΪǿⴺˣֳҪĸλŰҶƽȿһҶƽĿڷ硣
Ҷƽոⴺ棬ǿҪձ֮һôö˳صˣ˵ղż¶ⶼûдӦͬ顣
ǣҿǿڲרңβǷǳʵģǽֳֳͨ²ˣҵĽ黹ǿȥҶƽƽ˵Լ


953 ֱӷ
һҶƽͬԼҲûж˵ʲôֻ߶ҿǵһ±ȽϺá
ҶƽҲûٱԼղѾĺˣҪظ̸֮Ҷƽ뿪˶İ칫ҡ
ȥԺҶƽǰԱƶǨ׼Ȼóίۣ滮¾Ͳˣ˽ѧȥɣͨˮص飬ǺܵģǶⲻԸԶ飬Ҳûа취ֻԼȨ޷ΧȥһЩ顣
Ȩ͹ҵίάһҶƽİ칫һ㱨ͨúŸе飬Ҷƽ֮󣬾к¡
Ҷƽİ칫棬ȨάһҶƽ㱨ͨúȫú̿ԴȻе飬Ҷƽ֮󣬸оУҪԴͨˮί֧֣Զ˶ûиȨֻͬϣûʵĻûκˡ
ҶƽȨԶ˵̬ȣȨǸҶƽԶ˲ڴ£ϣЭ¡
ȨĻҶƽһ룬ñðԶ˸ҹͬУ϶޷еͨġ
ҵɸԶ˴һ绰ϵӵҵɵĵ绰֮Զ
ԶʱһӵΪҶƽҪˣȻǶҶƽһӵܲҶƽ㱨顣
һҶƽİ칫ңάȨ˹һҲ˹Ҷƽǰ˸ټͬо顣
Ƕ֮ҶƽȻԶ顣
һҶƽᵽ飬Զ˵Ҷг㲻֪ͨúȻܴ󣬵ǻһЩӪӣЩӪӶԸͨúż沢ǿǽм沢»¶ˣұҲṥǹˣӰ쵽ǵ󡣡
Զɿȥǳĳ֣Ҷƽһ˵ú̿һֹԴӪҵļ豸ҵǹӪҵչԴǻ֧ǿҵǷϹҵĲҵ߷ģ˷ԣҲԸͨúż沢ֻҪԸ沢ͿԿչ˵ǲǣ
ҶƽҪͬ飬Զ˵ҶгҿҪǻ㱨һ£޷񡣡
Զ̧˶ҶƽʩѹҶƽһ˵ǲ˵ˣСӿԸ
޷ɹʶҶƽҲǿԶִ飬Ȩά˶Ǻʧ˶ԺάҶƽ˵ҶгԶ֮ԲԸͬ飬²ΪÿչΪ档
Ҷƽһ̧ͷʵʲô棿
άͨˮصú̿϶࣬ú̿Чǳĺãöɲɷݣ˵ҲиɲͨˮصĹɷݣǵһֶӻͨˮؿúأ룬ʱͨú沢Ļǵ϶ҪģԶŲͬеΪҲ֧ġ
һҶƽıˣ벻ֲԶ鲻ҹҲûȻȻԵõΣԭԵʡ
ά˵Щת뿪ˣҶƽһ˼⣬ɲΥɣɹɣЩΥ͵Ϊģгίǣ޷ֱȥʴ£ھôһδ
û飬Ҷƽֻʱ£û죬ίίٿоǨ׼飬ҶƽѾ⹵ͨˣǺ˳ͨˡ
ǽȴǸóίսţ֯־Ҫǿְ񣬶֮ǰҶƽȷʾԵģȻ飬˵ûаҶƽǿͨ顣
־һ˵꣬ŹʢǼæ̬֧飬ĳίҲֵ̱̬̬ʱǳ˷ԵΪﵣβֳʣ˾ٱβֳȻǲʵġ
һ˵˾ٱⲻǿһۣ˵Ȼ˾ٱǼίΪʲô
һۣ룬ܵĻˣڶ˵
ֻҪҲ飬ҾͲ顣ǻһ䡣
һأɫǺѿžίٷֵҶƽʱҶƽֱӷԵΪǿڵβֳǷǳʵģﲻû˾ٱֳʺϣ֯ϻûпãϣ֯ٽһΪá
Ҷƽֱ˵ر˷Աûжʲôɫ֪ҶƽᷴԴ£о飬һҶƽԵ־һʲôҶƽôǲصҶƽʲôˣҶƽʾԣǽҪעҶƽøķ
һҶƽ˷̬ȼΪһϣеأ޷ǿͨ飬ܻӰ죬ＴʹϲֳҲ޷չϾҶƽг
⿴һۻ᳡˵Ȼ˾ٱʱֹԺ֯Ҫͼ첿Źͨã־ٱ飬һҪʵãʵǲ鴦ʵҪָܵɲǰ̡
Ⲣû˵Ҷƽʲôžٱ˵£ʵʾôҶƽ֮ûҪΪٱ¡
һɢίǾ˽۷׷ףΪһ֮ѺѾⲻǰҶƽйͨͨȻǾ˵ҶƽĲ¼֮ĺкϷˡ
ҶƽԼִҪо飬ȻҲǺջ𣬻Ǵ绰һڼͼ칤£ǲҪڼͼ췽һ棬Ϊгȫ֧顣
Ҷƽ˹ϵλϣô£˿϶ҪһļǿһЩС
Ҷƽ棬ľٱɿɿɿܲܽͱʾٱһĿɲԣⲻͷѿչϾͼĹҲֻһίɣиǺίأЩ֮ͽ֪ûͬͽе飬϶ᾡȥġ


954 Ѱ֧
Ҷƽһ룬ܰԶ⽫صһϣĵضΧĵ飬ֻҪһЩͿϣʡί㱨Ȼ¡
Ȼֹܼͼ칤ȪĹϵȪǷǳεģȥȪ㱨⣬ôǺܺõ飬ؼܲܲ鵽һЩ֤ݳ
ҶƽĻ룬ǾҶƽеһȻٺҶƽһһ¡
ôˣڳίɢԺ󣬱ǰй˵˾ٱû£ץˣȻ˵ΪֳǱпܡ
֮ͷֱðʾԼʲôҲûУһ⿴˿Ҳûж˵ʲôڲ̫ȥⷽ£ҪǵҶƽ֮Ĺϵ⣬ҶƽίϵǿƱ̬˵ҶƽûԸȥԼгҪһЩشԼȨҶƽҪͨˮ쵼ӵ飬ܵ˺ܴĴ̼
һоսԼȨҶƽȨƣίڻϣҶƽҲһ֮⣬ҲֻһƻãһЩش⣬Գίǲõĵġ
ǱߣռҪĸλһְԼУҶƽҲ֣ûжԴʲô飬ͨˮص쵼ɲ˳ɼ
²ԭܻΪҶƽڵιʱԶ˳ɼһŵԶ顣ҲãԶظԼ󣬶κ뷨
һķ֮󣬳˷Ҷƽ֮佨ϵ֮⣬ҲûзʲôԵĵطҶƽһ˵ķֻ赲һεĳίᣬȵһεĳίᣬҶƽٷԾûˣϾ㲻Ƿһ飬ΥӶԭҶƽһֱȥ
ʵҶƽҲǿǵˣαʾԣһ֯Ļûгֵɽзԣôͻ뵽УԼ˽еĹ
ˣһٱͨһҪĲţŲٵ·޽Ḷ́ǣŲ˵棬˾ٱĻǿ϶Ҳйص·޽顣
һüίһҶƽҲڿߵ飬ڳίռƣվȽŸС
ߣͿǵĸյ飬ĸΣȴһֱüȥԴˣһֻ۱һֻۣû̫⣬ΪĸҲһߵĽɫʵ֮ϻһ鳤鳤Ĵܼң鳤ʱѾҪ˾Ӷߵʱˣ׼תЭϯҪĸ
ҶƽǵԱ⣬ûĸհŵĵطȥΪⲻͬ⣬ͷԼһЩ鲻Эȥõ뷨ѷǹİ칫ҸΣǰ飬Ȼٰµĸλϣ˽ȴЩ⣬Ҫ
ѷĸһְĸս鳤һְİţĸձ˻ͬ⣬Ҳᷴԣڵ֮УԼ졣
Ȼ⻹ֻһС飬ؼĸгǳгְλǲǻһģȻǣһʱĹ۲죬ȻǶˣԶһԶһû̫ǰ;ˣǰ;վһĻ϶Ӱ쵽;Ҫǵĵطˣܽǿʵ˵һ£ַͨʽȥٸһгҸһгĴۻܴԶվһ
ˣҶƽ¶أһܵ⣬һҲöɣΪ˵Ľӽ϶öǱȻֵ顣
һҶƽ߶ƵƵΪǨ飬ܶ࣬ȻԼһЩſȻⲻǹ䣬ʱˣ϶Ӱ쵽ҶƽһЩʩ̶ͬҶƽĹϡ
Ҷƽôһ㣬澪˶⣬ûµʱǰй㱨һҶƽʲôûίһ¡
ڸеҶƽ֮ͬʱǷ˻𣬸һЩشϱҪίһ£ܸһףãͲҪٴڳгλˡ
гǶ⵱ȥģжķ֮˶һʵʵţ֮Զ໥ϣһЩϳҶƽ
ҡڣҶƽеȥҲǸ취ԶȥĸгҲֵֻ̫ҪϣڶȨƣϣеôҪʱһС
Ҷƽ˰죬ȥһʡǣҪβɻ㱨һԼ˽еĹͬʱҲβɵ˽һˣӲһ¹Ϊվվ̨˽еĹøһЩ
Ȼ˵ǿûǿ˵֧֣رǹһֵطǽǷǳѵģβܹ֧һ£ǽĹһƶ
Ȼ֪β֮ĹϵⲻͿ˳ϾȨ֮ʹԼĸĸҲܴԼȥһЩ飬ҪԼŬԼվȽŸĸҲվһվ̨֧һ£ʣµ黹ÿԼ
ҶƽоԼȱʵҲڲϵػԼʵҪһѣõĻԼʵ
βʵҲڹעҶƽĹ֪˽һЩͬʱΪҲǶҶƽһĥҶƽܴ˾棬Ժһûκġ
Ҷƽʡ֮󣬾Ǹβɵһ绰֪βʱӼβɵİ칫ҡ
ҲǾβɵİ칫ңһҶƽǺˣβɿҲЦŴһк˽Σʲôջ񣬹οչ
Ҷƽһ߽ӹβɵݹĲ豭ЦŻشβɵ⣬ȥǳɣβֻѰ֧֣߿ģԲ֮˵ֻǸβɣ˽Ĺһѣϣ֧ܶ֡


955 βӲ
Ҷƽβ̸аСʱĻβɹʮַæҲ̸̫࣬βߵʱȥʡȥ㱨һ¹ȡʡĴ֧֡
βɵĻҶƽžȥ˹İ칫һ㱨Ժ󣬾úõץһץ˽ĹҵҪ÷زԴҵGDPֻҪҵץãҵȻͻ
ĻҶƽͷʾȥԺһҪӹҵķչذѹҵΪһطķչĿֻ꣬ΰѵطGDPȥ
ҶƽʡǻάйһƽҵչĹȻύоҶƽĻά̴Ӧˡ
Ҷƽύίίо֯ԭشش°šشʽʹصҪύίмоҵչҲ˵һشҶƽһ뵽ϳίͻеֽţǹģֱоִˡ
Ҳһ㣬һʲôӣûаգΪҲģԶ˻һ¡
βɴӦҶƽʵغܿ죬Լһڣʡί칫ȴ绰˽ί칫βҪ˽Ӳ칤ùš
ʡίҪ˽⵱ȻҲӣ˴绰֪ͨҶƽȻټȫίίо飬Ҷƽӵ绰Ǹϵ˳ίҡ
˻֮󣬶ڻ潲˻βӲϢ˴ңôҸ㼺оһӭӺεӲ칤
ĻίȽһóһ׽ӴķȻһЩίһ˵꣬ί˵˵һЩҪģ߸ĵġ
飬ҪίǺгλ쵼£ʡίҪǿˣ쵼ЩɼͲЩɼ϶λ쵼νӴ飬Ǿίְ޹أί콲֮󣬲ûжི򵥵˵˼ˡ
ֵҶƽʱҶƽ˽ǹҵУҪǿǹҵķչԻͣи¼Ǹ϶ҪȥģͨؾÿҲӦǿһͨˮصͨúŷչҲܺãҲӦȥһˡ
Ҷƽôһ˵üһ룬϶ÿͨؾô˵򾭼õ㣬βɿһͨˮأ;þͲҪβɿˣϾͨˮصĹûʲô㡣
ܽʱ򣬶ǰͨúŵĵȡˣȻβȥĵ㣬Ҫʡί칫ͨȥȥȥȥģĻʡίǸڲˡ
ҶƽĻҲû˵ʲôҲȫģίоԺ󣬱Ǳʡί칫ʡί칫˿֮󣬾ǻ㱨βɡ
βɿ˿Ҫĵ㣬һ룬ԼҲǿ˽е㣬ҲӦһ˽еı֮һ飬˽зչĵط
Ǹ˵ͨˮأβһ˵ǾȥͨˮҲһȽȫһЩ
Ϣһ˽ί칫ңһ֪ǸеͷƤ飬ȻβҪȥͨˮأͨúǱؿĵλȻҲˣڰ컹ҪȥͨúţԵҶƽȼ֮ˡ
˫֮ͨβɾ˽Уڶ˽УһڵʡʱһȴǿӽˣҪһ˽еı仯
ǳβɵĵһ󿼣ϾյίǣܲβϿһҪݡ
Ҷƽһ𵽸·ӭβɣһӵĳίҶƽֻǴ˳гһˣȻίҲ٣ǶǱȽϵĶ࣬ʮ
βɿԺû³鵽ȥ߶һֱȥ㿴һԶԭȥ
һæǰ·ȥͨˮӲͨúţͨˮػһ·ԭΪβɵҪϢһ£ڿǲҪϢˣļƻ
βֱͨˮؽйӲ죬֮Զ˵ȻǷǳţʡίҪʡίǵǾ죬磬ǵ;ˡ
ԶСǼæ˹ǰ·ֱȥͨúš
ͨúѾ׼ȨԴѾϰΪˣеĽӴǼеȻӲٵĿ֧Ҳûа취ֻҪ쵼ɼС
βɵĿ˹רʻͨúŵİ칫¥ǰ棬βɴӳҶƽѾȺԱߣβһ³֮ǽͨúŶ³ȨȻֽԶλط١
ΪβͨúӲ죬βҪʶľȨԶˣ˽Ҳã˽ҲӰֻ֣ǳòҪβʶһǣڽȨְܸ֮βɡ
βе֣Զ˱Ȩڽ֮󣬾Ȩβɽȥι۳䣬һ˴ʲôġ
İţβɾһһڳ￴аСʱһ칫ȡ㱨ȨһʡίǶӲ죬ҶƽȺ绰԰һЩ뷨˵Ҫʲô˼ɡ
ȨӾʹҶƽһ֧ڻ㱨ʱ򣬰ԭ뷨˳Ҫ׳ҵڿԴ
Ȩһβǰ˵ԶϾǶǾȨ̫ˣôβ˵㽲ǽɼģǽģڵãȻˡ
ȨĻβɵ˵ͷȨ׳ҵչ˼·ǶԵģҪʲôϵ֧֣һһķӳͳ
һβ˵ȨЦųҶƽһЦãǺҶгҲڣҾǷӳ
Ȩôһ˵βɾȻЦҵҺִţһʲôˣŻǰ˵ȻôܻԽԼǰ⣿
ﲻ˵ģһβЦˣҪǲˣǿ϶ǲеģֻ˳ȨĻ˵ͲҪˣǻоġ
Ȩ˵ǵġ
⻰βɵģҲģһʡίǣһίǣ⻰شıȽ
ҶƽֻЦһЦû˵ֲ˵ֻҪȨ˵ˣβȻû˵ֱ֧ȨҪ󣬵Ҳûз飬һ£û


956 ̸ʱ
ͨˮӲ֮βɾȥͨأǿҲѵȺʱȻҲǷǳмʡίǣΪֻҪܴʡίǵķۣǲпܽм쵼ӡ
˲ôðҪöƼм쵼λǱȽϵѣ˰ϣڸ߼쵼ϣбҪġ
βɺܿͨأ֮󣬰Ȱźõͨؾÿһ˾Ӳ죬ͨʡǱȽϽȻ˽бŸ¼һЩ߿ƼҵͨͶҵȻǿ˵ĹǷֲġ
ͨٵĸ߼ҵβɸе⣬ǿڽܹʱҲͷͷǵ⡣
һʱ٣βɱרǿһЩ⣬ôҸеβɶǵĹǳ⣬ͨˮصʱβֻǼȡԶĹ㱨ˣûڵ¡
ʡίһʡ࣬һһһ壬˭˵һ仰˵ĲɣβǿĵúȺȻ˲һЩɡ
ͨػ֮βɱи¼βɿøϸΪ˽ȫʡǰеĵطҪúõ˽һ¡
ǶίίεģҲǸϵ㱨ⲻʱزŻΪһĹҲǱȽϤ
ǵĹܣβɱʾĽһ˵ãһҪ뷨µĲҵ˽ҪʵֿԽʽչȻҪ׳¼ҵϽһۣ˽ϽΪʡ÷չڷɵ
βȻ˺ܸߵ֮ҲǸеܣͶ˵֮βתͷҶƽƽͬ־ΪгһҲҪΣ˽еľøչãҪʡίʡĹ֧֣ǾԴ򱨸棬ȫ֧ǰ˽ɽʡһ顣
βͻȻôһҶƽ˵̰Ѷ䶼βǽβɽ⻰˼βһ꣬˸оβɶҶƽǳأڸҶƽѹӣʲôʡίʡ֧
ô˵˵⻰βȻ̧ҶƽĵλĳίһͷͻЩ뷨
Ӳ¼Ժβɱص˽ίȡ˽ίĹ棬Уȴ˽ί棬ѽڵĹһĹβɻ㱨һ飬βɱ߼Ǳ˼
⽲Ժ󣬾Ҷƽʼ㱨ҶƽǱߵĹӿ칤ҵչ鶼˳ص㽲һ˽мҪ߾ĲҵͬʱҲҪƽⷢչѺȡ
˵Ѻȵʵָͨˮص飬ĺܣβ˵Ľָ֮˽еķչλһҪȫʡǰУʩҪãҵҪΣ߾ҵҪԽԽ࣬ķչҪƽ⣬⣬˽е쵼һҪǿûһǿ쵼ӣ϶ǲеģʲôҲɲɵġ
Ҫһǿ쵼ӣһӵĹҪҪֺ࣬һǰڲҪǿŽᣬһʹѾһãֻܷչȥʵʡίʡƶĹĿꡣ
βɾһѣѶҪǿŽᣬҪŻҪɱ𣬼ȻίǣҪܸú˱ˣܸһɣһɣѰӵսˡ
βɵĻڲ²βɻе⣬Ȼڰ¼Ҷƽڱ沢ûжҶƽʲôΪβ˵ҲǾʾһµ˼еһЩ
鿪Ժβֵټ˽еĸɲи̸⵱ȻǵһҪټˣβɺ̸ҪݾǰӽΪίǣץĽ裬Ľ費ãҪеҪΡ
ھǺ̸ⷽǻشβɵĻʾһҪǿŽᣬѸչãڵĽ⣬һ̨صĹ涨ѵĻ֯á
Ļβɾǵ˵ͷֻҪڴʣȥΪѶ⣬ϾίǣҲ֧ίǵĹ
Ͷ̸аСʱʱ䣬ȥԺҶƽ߽ȥ̸һ棬βɾֱҶƽһЩҶƽȥʱûн̫⣬ΪĻΪڸ״βɵû̫Ĺ˼ɣҪβɷӳĻҲβ˽ӳȻ
βǰҶƽǷӳ˽е̬ЩһЩò֧֣ЩгȨ֮ڣ޷˳ȥԼһЩʩ죬һȡһЩʩֻ˵ĳ⣬Ĳĺأеÿչ
Ҷƽǰβɽһ飬βɫأоǰ˵˻ѻŽһúܲãȴԼǰʾǿӽ衣
Ҷƽ˵֮βɾʾŽҪҪԭ򣬵ҪƻŽᣬҲһҪĶҪʡίʡЭ飬ֱ͹ʡнͬ־һȱ㣬Ҳһŵ㣬һҪѧ˷ѣˡ
βһ˵Ҷƽ˼ʡίίǣĿǰ¿϶ǲᶯλӵģǲλӣҲʾͻȫ֧ҶƽҪԼλãͬʱҲҪԼԭҪʡ֧֣϶ֵ֧ġ
Ҷƽǵͷβɵ˼˴β˽Ծһֶϵְ֧֣βɷӳˣЩͿԴ󵨵ظˣֻҪΪǶԵģȷġ
Ҷƽ̸̸ʮӣȶ⻹ʮӣҪС̸ʱ䣬ʡίǵʱܱģ˭̸˭̸̸೤ʱ䶼һźţβɲ֧ҶƽĻʹҶƽӳ⣬ʱ֮Ҳ̸ֹ˵Ļɣβû˵ǴŶҶƽֿ֧֣֧Ҫȶίǵֻ֧Ҫ
ĳίһβɺҶƽôʱ䣬ͷȻ뷨ģ⵱ȻҲ뷨ܸоβɶҶƽ֧ˣϾίǣʡί˵Ҫ֧˭ܹ֪ܵºҲֻǱʲôҲûбֳҲֳܱ˾ΪҶƽβɵֶ֧ࡣ
Ҷƽ֮ĳί½뵽βķи̸ʱ䶼ǱȽ϶̵ˡ


957 ת
βί̸ʱǳ̣Ҳֻʮңи̵ӣ˸еֵ̸ʱȻﵽʮϣһôҸеԾ
һֻһͨĳίһͨĳίʡίǵ治ʲô̸ǲˣ˳ί֮⣬˶ûб̸ʸ
ҲܳԾβԼ̸ôʱ䣬ЩܳˣҪ֪ΪгҪ;ٽһĻõʡίǵϿɣʡίϿǰ;ǹˡ
βһǺ̸̸ϵ飬ȻǸһҪЭҶƽ飬ıְֻаĹãʡίʡ
βɾȷ仰ͷһʱ֪β仰壬ȵβɵķڲͣػζβɵĻʱʶβɵ⡣
ҶƽβɵķʱѾ˶⣬ټúܶʶβɱһŲͬѰ壬Ȿ֪ԺҲǸеܳԾβɲѿҲҶƽβɻ㱨˺ܶ飬ʱ䣬ʹҲ˵βҶƽĻ㱨ģһСĽˣҶƽβɸԼһ״
һ̸ʱ£ʶβҶƽúõغҶƽò룬ҶƽĺȣҲֻŻβҪĵط
β̸껰֮ϢһȻȥˣβȥ֮󣬶ٿίί飬ѧϰβӲ˽Ĺβ֮ѧϰʹβûʲôζȴǻģѧϰβɵĽǹ涨
ȻβҶƽ̸еЩǶⲻҶβκεĲȻ֧֣βɲ֧ˣίһְͻᵱθʡɲˡ
ίίѧϰβɵĽͬʱҲǰίҪרٿѧϰβɵĽȻѧϰһЩʽ壬ǲǾԲеģϵ
ҶƽרټһڳίԺѧϰβɵĽ񣬵Ҷƽѧϰȫʽ壬ҪΰβɵĽʵȥ˹ҵչûноڳѧϰĻǽоٿᣬٿһг칫ᣬһ顣
г칫ϣ֧ҶƽʾͬԶһоͻȻ֮䷢˱仯ĸгҲûʲôҪԼĻǾǸеˣ黹ʡίҪʵ飬ôҲٱʾ԰
г칫ͨҵչıѸٴ˶Ķһ֪βɹӲ̬֮Ҫתˣֲβɻ̸ʱϳ϶ʲô¡
ڲȥֱ˵ʲôˣΪԭŻֱʡί̸Ļˣôٰйһ٣Ͳһˡ
һ룬еʱƣҶƽעҪǱվȽŸβɹרǿ˰Ž£֦β֪ȴǲá
ǰԶǱߺú÷ãٹˣԶһ֪׼ˣһ·ˣΪǨȻҪѡͥ
Ҷƽɹͬ˹ϵҲ˵շβ֣֮һϵôԼһЩţ˳ض࣬Ͼг£Ҫ֡
Ҷƽ֧֣ίǱл֧֣⻹һЩвĸɲᵹⴺϵĽ˽е𲽵õǿˡ
ҶƽŽͨˮصú̿Դϵ飬Э̣Ļ֮󣬱Ǳʾͬ⣬ͬʱҲѶȽϴΪ˼·һ¡
ҶƽǸҶƽ˼·ǹѹʲļŶ⣬Ҫٽһιˣ»᲻ͬ⡣
Ҷƽ֮󣬾ǳĬһ£ʾҲҪˣǹֻͨˮú̿ԴɻңصĸɲЩú̿ҵ¸ΪĴڣܰЩӪú̿ҵ׳ͨúţһܣֹ˼·Ӧûʲôͻġ
Ҷƽ˵ǱʾǾͰ죬ؼԶִߣԶ鲻ֲִ֧УʹҲûá
Ҷƽ˵˼ȥ㱨һ£ȡöֻ֧֣Ҫ֧֣ԶͲҲ֧֡
ҶƽĻЩеΪѣһ뵽Ҷƽվһˣһ£Ҷƽ²ǴӦҶƽһ顣
û뵽л㱨˿ͷ˵飬αңǾôôǵġ
˵ճģԶλͬ־ִܷ㻹ҪǴһк
кҲܴ򣡡ͻȻЩִһӣҪԼҶƽͬ־򣬹ҪԿڣǿֱӴسִˡ
˷Ӧ֪ڱȽû㱨ãⲻԸԶк˵ⲻͬ£ǶûȷʾԣΪβҲᵽˡ
ǣͨúϵú̿ԴΪͨˮصģȻôСúһѣԵط˵ҲһѣֻҪͨ£Ӧ֧ľģίȷָһ㣬ǾͲ᲻ˡ˵ס⡣
ôΪҶƽ˵ͣⲻǸˣ˵ǳг¾£ɲˣҶƽȻ㣬ʲôίǣܵϳί˵
⻰ȥЩˣٶ˵ʲôҲ棬ҪϳίĻ»ǵûƣϳίᣬʲôǾеҲ˵Ҷƽ˳еȨαȻȻõ顣


958 
Ϊ䳰ȷ֮εˣȥһҶƽ棬Ҷƽһ룬öĹԼԶϵǺþֱԶϵ
ҶƽԶϵԶϵ֮󣬱Ǵ绰⣬ʲô̬ȾͿ֪ˣԶ˰죬ûǲģϾΥϡ
Զ鲻Ըϣѿչȥ޷ѹƶȥҶƽʹҲûã֪Ժ󣬱ûԶȥûȥһͨˮظɲҵ飬ܲ鵽ԶͷϾͺˡ
ʱ򣬻鵽һѱ޽һ·޺ûѷ죬Ⱥ֮ǰ˾ٱ˷ޡɴ֣鵽˽̸ǮйϢϢʮֿɿһνĵڲԱṩϢһǮʹﵽ˶ʮϡ
õϢ֮󣬻ϵҶƽô죬ҶƽһоˣȰһ£ͿԶˣṩˡ
ҶƽͻһʡίȪ㱨ܿίǶ⣬нֳͨ֯ԱҶƽгʡ㱨Ҳ˵ùȥ
ȪӵҶƽͻ˵ı棬˼һ£Ǵ绰⣬öҲһ£ϾίǣҪһ¶
ⲻ֪Ҷƽֱӱܿȥʡ㱨ˣȵʱȪǰеԼİ칫̸飬ʲôǲֶ֧Ĳ鴦
ʡίʵ⣬Ȼ˵лģڲ˵Ϊܲ鴦ͬ־ûⷽ飬˵ǾڱǱĴ̫Ϊʡίǰ
ˣȪʻֻ˵ʹҪ˽мί鴦飬ȥͰš
Ȫ͸ʡίǣͷмίϣͬΥ͵Ȼϸ鴦ûΥ͵ΪǾǻָ˼
Ȫһţʾͬ⣬ֲ֧鴦һ˱̬ȪǰԱȥ˽飬Ȫİ칫Ժ󣬾ǻ鵽ô£ȪΪʲôֱҵ̸顣
ֻ˾ٱʡίȪȥ飬֮Գһǻˣϴξ˵˾ٱԼûзӦֱҵʡίˡ
Ǵ绰һʵô£ǰȻҲǲϱܿȪ㱨ˣʡίҲ绰ˣ鴦㱨ء
֪˵ٻǶ⻹û˼ңֻøϺʡίĹ
ȵʡίʱ򣬶Ŵӱ˽⵽Ҷƽͻ˿ܶȥʡί㱨ˣȫҪ㵹ڱͱĵӰ
һ֪º󣬾ʮֵоԼҶƽͻ˸ˣˣˣûа취ֻܰ׼ٱ
ʡίԱһչֱӽл߿ɵԱί참һһ̸Ҳ֪ˣĽҲ޷Ԥϣ绰⣬˵û˽ȥؿȥˣҪż֯Ūˣָġ
ܶΪҲûãûã粻ǵԼһɧ
˰£صˣЩ㱨Ҫ˫棬̬ȡ
ܻߵ֤ݣⲻ˵û⣬ǲܲ飬Ҫ߻ز鴦׷˭ξ׷˭Ρ
⻰ٿмίίоȡʩ飬оͨ˲ȡĴʩȻʡίԱǣͷֱӵнְͨˡ
һֱˣһüί˸ˣ˼ί참ɶ˵
֤֤ɶҲ˵Ҳûãھһ֮ڿ˿ڣ永ﵽٶ򣬺ְܿ˾
ͻȻ֮䱻鴦ԶС񶯣Ƕˣڹؼʱ򲻰һѣôüί鴦ˣЩصѵͲ飬˵ûаİ취
Ҿ˵֮Իᱻ飬Ҷƽͻָģûа취ͬ鴦ģһҾǸеҶƽͻ˷ǳһ֣Ҳûа취ͲһֶҶƽͻηУͬʱҲеⲢôĲһڹؼʱǵԼСʧ󣬶Լǣȥ
һ鴦֮ĲֳһְȻǵˣǶⲻܲȡʩҪǿĲֳԼˣˡ
һ룬ǰ֯־йò־翼ͨˮسвֵβֳȻѡ˵ͨˮصسǿֵͨξֳ
Ŷʹ绰ҶƽͨҶƽһ뻻ֳһ£ٷԵǿĻͻԿʵˣ˳⣬ͬҪ󣬲ȴĸյֵξֳոسҪвֵξֳе㲻ʰɡ
Ҷƽɺ֣ܳоǲܵβֳίҲ˵ͨĸյβֳһ֮ߡ
һǱʾԿǣ֯һ£˭ΣҲҪ֯һ¡
Ҷƽʾһְ챾ȽϺãְλһȨģϣһְѡ
Ҷƽȷ飬һǸоҶƽʼǿˣѡԼָʾһ˵Ρ
һ룬ʵҶг밲˭Σ
Ҷƽڿ죬пܵĻҲһ֧֡
ʵ룬˼ԸҶгǧҪǿѡ
Ҷƽһڿǣֵ˵ҿǺˣ㱨ġ
ҶƽĻĬһ±ʾһְڵͬ־εĺãȽ˽еʱǲڹġ
Ҷƽϱ̬û£컹в˽⵱ˡ


959 ýع
ҶƽϱȽϼ֣ԼˣԴ֪ģԭĸһֱΣҶƽᶯҲһֱװ֪£ĸճ䵱ߵĽɫһҪֳҶƽǽŻ⡣
ĸյεΣͬʱҲ鳤ȥβֳҲһȱĸҲһõȥҶƽĸյβֳ᲻վԼһߣҲøһӡ
ҶƽһЭһЩ棬ڽ֮󣬾˳ίᣬҶƽ˴һµ˳ͨˡ
쵣Σ֪ԺҲû˵ʲô֪ԭǸҶƽģڰѷˣȻҶƽĴ飬ҵʵС飬鳤ˣǲԸٳ԰칫ҵĹȫ˷ϡ
ǽˣĸɶⰲߵĶӣ뿪죬վһߣ˵ϾǿˣԶʲôģʱһ
Ȼ˵ߵһЩͨˮصȴǻǸӣһ飬Դ򲹳׼Ժ󣬹׽չ˺ö࣬ȻһЩӻûܲǨϣץıȽϽеʱͨҶƽٴ£ֱԶץ¡
ӵ绰󣬻ҶƽͨһҶƽʾ֪˾ͿˣԶȻȥ֪ͨ¡
βҪǿ¼ҵķչҶƽһ㣬ȥһһĿȻƶ˽и¼ҵķչ
ͨúԴ£һֱţھƲоԶ£ҶƽˣҪӸɲιҵΪͻƿڣһԶ顣
ǳҶƽĹͬʱҲԶ˲⣬Աо̨һٵԱɲΥ澭̵ó֮󣬱ύίίۡ
ڻ̨⿴֮ǸеˣίԼһЩ飬ȺͨϢȥô
ù֮󣬶ɲΥ澭̵⣬֮ǰѾļˣǫֳ̂һļҿȫûбҪִкԭļͿˡ
һ˵˵ԭвǶίģ¸һڿչⷽĹʲôҪǿȥִС
Ļ£˵ίģҲԼģɣȷҿ˵
Ǹ˻оûжͬ⣬޷ϳίģֻðҶƽ㱨ҶƽһǸеЩԻ˼ˣȻҲûа취ֻûչȥļȥһ顣
ΪûʦҶƽϵССϵعһͨˮظɲιɵýعίɽˡ
ӵҶƽĵ绰СȻǷǳĸˣ̴Ӧȥ£ҪҼߣ϶ұصļߣȥҾǵļ߲УСǸҶƽϵһߣͨˮȥɷ顣
ͨˮ֮ϵ˼ڲԸ͸¶ϢԱѻ˽Ĳ࣬ȥ֮󣬾׫дһƪعͨˮú̿Դ˽Լɲιɵ顣
һعһȻ󲨣һʱ֪߽֮ϵһʲôֻҪ˽ıһж̸ǻģˣдһƪȻ顣
ҶƽȻ֪ô£ͨˮصعˣ϶ûֹɲιɵ¡
˽ĲɵȻҲع⣬ǲ̫أͷɲιɵ⣬֮󣬻̹ȥҶ⣬ȥһ飬Ȼýһ
ʱֻͬ⣬ͬʱҲеҲ̫ˣҪɲιɵ£Ƿˣⱳǲʲôã
Ȼɣûʲô֤ݣֻȰ˵ܿǵͨˮأٿֻ飬Զ˶ǳϯ˻飬Ǻغ˵飬ҵιɵĸɲһ֮˳ɷݣҪദ
˻ĻԶֻôӦعͷ˱ҪĸɲҪԾ˹ɣĻǿ϶Ҫ˵ˡ
ЩĸɲҲɵӣ˭֪᲻ᶯģģҪ˳ȥЩԿ
ˣ˹ɵ룬оٱ˵쵼Ҳ˲ιɵģҪ˹ɣӦˡ
һ˵쵼Ҳ˲ιɵģǺԶ˽йǵû쵼ιأýع⣬룬̰źô£ñٱ쵼ѹɷݸ˳
˻ĻԶ쵼̸ҵĹɷݸ˳쵼һ˾ٱǲˣΪԼͶҲûʲôΥ֮ýһعȴǱˣһϣ쵼ͬ˹ɡ
쵼ͷ˹ɣкܶɲ˹£Ҳ˲Ը˵ģȥ飬ǲЩԸ˹ɵĸɲȻίǽȫ飬ɲиܵΪ
ίһ¶ͨˮأԶܵѹýعѾѹˣڼί飬ѹǸ
Ŷ֧֣滹ǷһЩ̫Ļ᲻дֵ£ҲҪֹһ㣬йͨʱ˵úСģȡûץסʲôѱ
鴦ıȽϼʱӦýļලȽϻܿ͵õƽϢƼɲա
ȵ᰸ʱȴ˶ԶΪίǣӦеһ쵼εһύ⣬ǷʵǣԶӦ֣ܵ
ԶûõеһΣԺ󻹻
⿴˿˵˵ҲһΣίͬҲǣýûع֮ǰǲûʲôΪ𣿡
һ˵Ŀŵ̻Զ飬ᵽԼΣûѻ½ˣⲻ봦Զ飬ȻҪԶʲô


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ɲιҵ¶ⲻԸ⴦Զ飬ֻûͷҶƽȫ̻Զ飬ҶƽȻ֪ԭ򣬶ǲͨˮأԶ鱻ˣͨˮصĹûɫôԶ齫ޱȼͨˮظȥ
ڶҶƽȻеǳҲ֪϶ôȫֵĹ϶ǲõģҲֻٴεȴᣬͬʱֻϵѹ䣬ӦŤת档
һ룬ɲιɵȻزˣ̬ûз̫ı仯ͨˮȻԶ
ǻУ⻰ȴǶԶ˵ģҲڸɲιɵոշ֮󣬵صһú̿ҵ͸ˮ¹ʣʮ˱鷢Ժί֪顣
һ˵͸ˮ¹ʣҶƽ̴Աͨˮȥְȫ¹ʣгȻҲҪֳָӡ
ú̿ҵ֮ҶƽǿȫԱ֤Ҳѹֻᷢ͸ˮ¹ʣҶƽϹԶ˼æ˹Ҷƽ㱨
˵ӣҶƽɫһ䣬ʵԱûΣգ
Զŵصȣڲ˵飬гˮ
ҶƽҪϧһдۣ˸ȳҿȫǳĲƽʱǵĹô
ҶƽѵԶҲ޻˵ҶƽҲѵڵĹص㻹Ǿˣ˵֮󣬾ֱӵ˾ֳѯʹչ
Եˣ˵ԱҲʿһ£Ȼ˹Ҷƽֱӻ㱨˵ǰ汻Աû̫ΣգҲҵģϸԮⷢ¹ʣԱ
Ҷƽͷͬǵ˵ǰѾ˷ڵһλۻٵĴ۶Ҫ˸ȳҶƽָ飬ί鳤ӵĵ绰֮ҲǸ˹Ǵί˽ȻҶƽѾֳˣһͲˡ
ԮҶƽָؽţһһҹˮɣȻ˽ȥԱȳ˿Ĺʱڴӿ־аѳ
ΪԱȫȵʱȴ˵ûгһ¾þԮԱˣ벻ֻʮԱôкüԱ
ǻԱ˵УҲֻȥԱˣ⼸ԱѾûϢѾˡ
Ϊȫˣˣ֮ԷԭΪϹңԮԱϱ¾ԣһӸģԶ鶼Ҫ£ǲҪˣһˣ׼ô֡
ҶƽҲǷƢָԶıӾֱǹôģܸʧְְ
ҶƽĻ˵úأԶ˾ͷվﲻ֪˵ʲô˿Ҳˣг˷Ƣ˵ʲôȷʵûãˡ
ҶƽھԮ֮󣬵ͨˮٿ飬оƺԼ˴¹ʴڵ⣬ڻֱҪͨˮеĿɽӪҵҪһΰȫ飬һͣҵ٣ȷٳ˴¹ɵԭҪ׷׷ֳͨ۲죬Щҵȫ˵Щҵƽʱֻע׬Ǯ޶󣬶ûаְϣһ⣬Ҫоùͣıͣ
Ҷƽڻ˵ػԶڻ᳡Ҳû̫Ļ˵¹ʱϾǳˣֻϵùȻسеùΪسеοܸҪһЩ
ҶƽҪͨˮؽȫ٣ͣһЩСĿɽҵ¹˵ѹ֮£˭Ҳٷ鷴ҲǸеѹȥԶˣԶ⣬ȻԶͨˮأ˿϶Ϊƫ̻Զ飬²ܴӰ졣
֮£ԶϵĴ֣ͬʱҲкʵλڳ֮󣬾Զֱŵĸˡ
Ȼȫ˼죬оͨˮ͸ˮ¹είίϣԶΪίǣֳܵ͸ˮ¹ʣǸһΣȥԶͨˮίǵְ񣬵ͨˮء
һĳίǾΪ֮һ񣬶˻ͬʱҲ˶⣬ɫһûȥĻ״󣬱Ǹ˵ͬ־ȷʵҪǲȥְҲ̴ְǿԵġ
ʱҲ˻⣬⿴һۣͷǷǳĲˣԼںˣվҶƽһȥˡ
Ҷƽ˵֮Ҳٹ˼̬ȣڵسȻҪԶίǣͨˮ˼£ʵʵ˾Զ飬ڶ飬ԸصشҲ᲻ҲãԣǺгܺãҪȥԶְٰһʵίǹȥС
ҶƽΪгôһ˵ǸеЩˣȻίﶼˣֻлڲˣҶƽ˵ĻֱҪί̬£ó淴ԣҲǷǳУٷִܾǴȥ
ؼǣⱾѾоѹҪһˣȻҶƽ˵
һ۲־磬ʵٲ㿴һȥԶְһΰ˭ȥͨˮصίǣ
־ˣһ𣬱˵ȵٿһ£Զ鰲һλӣ˭ȥίǣҿаֳŷȥɡ
ŷɿ²аɣ˴η͸ˮ¹ʣҲεģֻûȥ׷ˡ־һᵽŷɣǱʾԵ
һǷԣ־ЩҲס˵ǲûд𣬿ͨˮصİȫأȥʺϡ
˲־ĻҶƽȴֱ˵ͨˮزǰȫ£ҪĻǾ÷չͨˮĿǰȫеףǱѡһõίǹȥҾͨصسԵȥȻ򿪾棬ͨˮصĹǾٴεһίǹȥŷڵΰֳڼ䣬ͻɼǲΪͨˮίǡ
Ҷƽֱ˵ط˲־Ļһ˵ãһ˵꣬Ҷǿ˶⡣


961 ҵĸ
᳡ɫţ㵱ʾº˵ȾȥԶίǵְͳһһͨˮίĹʱس֡
Զľ֮ǰѾˣ˭ȥԶְȴǻû¶ģȻԸʱܵҶƽ˵ıȶ˭ȥίǣº顣
һӣҶƽһ룬ûȥϾίǣҪڹһӣһ˺Ƥǲˡ
ɢ֮󣬶ʮҶƽһһͣҪճίˣµƺûҶƽ࿹ľģβɵ˽Ӳ칤ҶƽĵúУǲ˼ˣȥĻίǵûжȨˡ
Զ鱾Ҳǲ飬ǱΪ飬ҶƽǰãҶƽͨˮίǣ˵ҪͨˮظͨˮȻ󣬵ǿԴḻͬҶƽȥίǡ
Ҫ˭ȥͨˮصίǣҶƽҪȥΣȴöŷȥΣŷǲ־翴еˣ־һˣȻҪͬöŷȥίǣҶƽͻȴǷԡ
һҶƽϾǲˣЭȡȴһеͷ۵飬ǿǵҶƽβɵϵȥҶƽЭ֮ԻЭǿҶƽβɵϵԼҶƽ˵һЩԸ棬Ҷƽǵ˰ǿѹ϶ǲеģôѹ£ϲУڴѹ⣬ҶƽʵˣܵǱȥˣԶҲǹ֧γɲ˶ҶƽԼ
еʵûôǿֻ˽˵㣬ҪβܱڵλãؼģҶƽŷʵʵȫеĹҪͬ⣬ȻͬʵȨ϶ȴкôġ
һת֮ͨˮίǲЭ˼ˣֻڻҪһ£ΪȫҶƽͶˡ
ȨܵҶƽİ칫ңҵԴиƵ£ҶƽĻ㱨֮󣬱ֱӴ绰飬ѷԵصСҵΣҪʱ㶨飬׳ͨúŵʵ
ʱŴ֣ȻͨˮصĹ֪ûлᵱίǣֻάͨˮصĹȴίǵĵ
ҶƽҪͨúԴֻñϴӦţºȴǻҪ㱨ȵҶƽİ칫Ժ󣬱ܵίԺȥҶˡ
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뵽ȥԺǰҶƽҪ󣬰ãͨúŰЩСҵ沢ˣͿԼ¹ʷĻʣȻٷʲôĿѣԵһ¡
һԸòȻٽʲôӦȥԺǿչͨúż沢Сҵ
һ뵽ˣǷŵԶǣͨúһɼ沢ƹͻУȨȻҶƽż沢£ҪǵģĹɷݻҪָһЩǣ㿴Ƿֹɣ
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һôˣ˵ǣ֪ôˣҶƽǸûȥıȡ˵ʲô棬ڵøѣҲõһЩô
㲻Ҫһ㱨ˣôԼ
ͷ˵һĻǴӶİ칫ˣԺһ⣬о̬ЩͬǱȽҶƽģҪǰܾ飬ͨúֻҪһУɷݿ϶ҪǣʱֻҪһף׬ӦûģڶⲻҪҶƽȥҪҶƽҲͷܰҶƽϴǸʱҶƽȻҪӶˡ
һ룬ȥҵȨȨ沢飬ȨͱʾҪеú̿ҵչˣһûʲô顣
ԺǶȨ˵Ҷг϶ֲ֧٣ǰĹɷûŸҶгŪȥ
ȨһۣҲһ˵Ȼҹϵ죬ֱ͸ԸҪô죿
Цһµô᲻ԸҪ˭Ǯг𰡣һԣһɹǵģԸҪɹɣõǮһЩҲС
Ļ֮Ȩ˵ҾȥһԣҪԴ˵Ȼ϶˵鲻ȥúð죬Щ飬ҵġ
ҲǣӦȨһչѼ沢áҶƽͨˮؿʼչҲǰοһ£Ըˡ
û뵽ǣȨһʼչ⣬ЩڵúҵһЩбˣȨչһЩۿ϶ǲͬģǵҪѾԶԶȨܽܵ뷨飬ʹǲҪ߼ۡ
Ҳһ֮Լ۸̧øߣҪΪˣһǶֶӶഺһԶһֶ꣬ڣ붯ǿи沢϶ǲеģͨ죬һСسôҵˡ
ҶഺֱӴ绰ȨʩѹȨ߼۽ǵʲôҲ겻ɡ
ഺһ绰ƨҲҷһžȨ飬ǲȫǵҪۣΪƶһĴֵõġ
ȨͱʾȫҪۣҪڵʽǮҪеֻҪǮܴԸ⸶ۡ
һҪдڵʽ𣬶һҪоαȽϴҪͬˣǮô죿ҪеΣܻܰº֢¡
룬ǸȨҵһЩҵҪһЩ߼ۣЩҵǲ踶߼۵ģֻҪԴҲܽٲٵʽ


962 б
Ȩܸ߼չСúҵҪ󣬵ȨȴΪֻṩŻ£ļ۸չЩСҵɵûϵĻ
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֮£˫̸оǽͬȴûзӺܺõã̸нͬǺܿ췴ҶƽҶƽ˵֮󣬾Ǵ绰ô£֧֧᲻ûش⡣
̬ҶƽΪҲ⣬ܺýȴûܺ˳ؽ绰֮󣬾ǸȨ绰һ
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ҶƽȨĻ֮󣬾ȨЩҪ߼۵ҵϰ嶼ʲôȨһҶƽʵ£һ룬ǰѶഺҶƽ˵ͨıҲð찡
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ҶƽûٳȨеҶƽҲǱȽΪѣṩٴԸıֻۣҪиƾС
Ҷƽֻڿ⣬ûҪͬЩҵϰ屨۵˼һȨ˵Ǹļ۸Խܣǲļ۸˭ܽܡ
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ȥûҪȥίǲУǶϲɿڣеȽϼ֡
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һҶƽԸȻҪհ죬ǵͨˮصˣҶƽȥ֮󣬱רŴ绰Ȩʵθһ£һҪȫ棬ʲô˵ʲôҪʲôҪһλ᲻ʵд
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һǱһҪ֪ഺ˿쵼йϵǶഺ⻹йϵˣǲҪҶƽ氡ǲҪд뱨氡
ڴ˹̵УӴȻǲ˵Щ飬ֻᵽϹϾǴ£һν˵ѹô£ҲйѶȡ
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ҶƽͻȻ֮УȥǾҶƽĿĵģһƪƽƽĸӾǽҶƽҶƽпܲ⣬ŪҶƽΪʲôҪдӡ
ȥûףΪʵӳһҪǵȨᵽһҲҪǵźܸӵڲϵܰκһ˸ˡ
ȥǺ޵д˶ഺ˵˵ؽ룬̸й̼ѣ¹չ˳
潻ҶƽʱҶƽ̧ͷ˿ʲôأû˽⵽أ
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ҶƽҪֱӷҶƽĻͱʾдǲǻӰ첻ãҶƽһǸдбʵǣʲôʲô⣬ȥر⣬ǻȥиʲôͷҪʵǵذдȻǣҪ쵼ʱ򣬿ԲҪգһҪ˼
ҶƽĻξ͸оڲͣǣϵĶҶƽҪдˣǾҪҶƽһˣ׺òã
;ϷչҲ͸ڽϻ࣬ʱҪһ㵨þʱҲҪϾһҹҶƽߵһˣĻʱȫ֧ҶƽĹ
ξһģžǰд˱棬ָഺίĳЩ쵼ȨƣͨˮͨúŵԴϹ˺ܻӰ졣
õݱ֮ҶƽŸеȽ⣬Ҫľı棬һȵı棬Ƕų´ĵı档
ݱ棬Ҷƽһ棬һ£ö֪ڴڵĳЩЭ
һָڵԭ򣬶һҲָͨˮҪͨúŵĸϹҲǿ쵼ӵĽ裬Ҫǿ쵼ӵĽ裬뾡ȷͨˮίǵѡ
ҶƽΪֻͨسʺְλҪǵ˼ԸⲻԸ⵽ͨˮҪ֪ͨˮرͨǲԶˡ
һݱ棬ҶƽרԼһʱȥֱӼ⣬Ҳֻ˽ݽ⣬֪̫࣬϶ֱȥҶ⣬ֻ֪һЩ
֮Ҷƽϵһ£֪ίԺʱû˹ȥԺίԺʻȥȥһ⡣


963 
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˺֮󣬶ҶƽҶƽûǰеĵб潻ϣ˵ǣǱȥһУù㿴
֪Ҷƽʲôб棬ǽ˹ȻõоϸؿſţϾǱ÷ǳѿ
֮󣬾һӣ˵ݱҵдģ
Ҷƽûֱӻش⣬˵ͨˮСú飬һЩҵȥ˽γ棬潲һЩҹǽһ£˴Ŷǵ˷˿ǲãĹҲ⣬ڱ뷨⣬ͨˮصίѡöˡ
ҶƽĻһ˵⵱ʾ˴ҵ£ǾԲģƽгලҲᵽͨˮίѡ£㻹ǼǸ
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˶Ļ֮Ҷƽ˵ͨعȽϳɫͨˮصίһְӦʺϵģ֮⣬ûʤְˡ
⿴һ˵Ҳδأίǣ˻᲻ͬأ
Ҷƽͬ־֯ϵİţֻҪǰѵͨˮصȻĻȫеķչǷǳġ
˿Ҷƽⲻͣ˼⣬ҶƽĿһУĿĲΪഺ£Ҫͬͨˮίǡ
뵽Ǻãͬ־˵һ˵һ̬Σ
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˾һһµȻЩԸ⣬Ȩһ£ȽϺãڸʧأʰ
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ӣഺȻԸ⣬һⶼˣҪǲӶĻǿ϶ǲеģӦ˶Ҫ
Ӧ֮󣬶ഺǴ绰꣬ҪͨˮأǲҪһ鳷ʲôԭ򣬶ഺԭ˵ˣһû̶ഺҪ󣬶ǱʾҪǿǡ
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ഺʱͨˮصúӪгԼĹɷݣȻһʲ뿪ͨˮأʱֻȻûдӦ飬ٶһʡ
̸֮Ҷƽ绰飬֮ǰҲ֪Ҷƽأȥͨˮصίǣѿǵ⣬ҶƽҪȥͨˮصίǣҲûʲôеֵġ
Ȼ˵ͨˮԶͨأǵͨˮһ֣ãɺˣ϶õһãҶƽȥͨˮصίǣҲֻзӣҪطӡ
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ڶ˵ЩȻǲţֻţҶҪϣȻҲΪ׽ˡ
̸֮󣬶ǰŲ־п죬׼ͨˮصίǣȻҲֻһ߳⣬ίǵѾҶƽ֮оˡ
ίоͨˮصίǣԴ˸ıͨˮص쵼Ҳһˣͨˮ֮󣬱Ǵؿչ˼̬ȣĹҲǿߣ裬ɲɼ
ҪĵһͨúŸƵ£һֱƲ£һΣǰейԱйᣬȷ֪ǣͨúŸΪͨúŵҵΪ˲Ӹֻ֣Լʧ˭Ϲ˭ͻõô˭㵽󣬲ϣôһǮǵò
ǳǿӲؽⷬûнĻЩ˽Ӫҵ֮󣬾һݣоίǣһˣȵɢԺ󣬱Ǿۼо飬һӦԡ
걾˲ûвμӴ˴λ飬һֲμ˻飬ȵ֮һ룬оŻǵ˼Żסˣǵ϶ܵʧڲٹ۲һ£ʲô취ʹ
һ˸ȻϹһЩҵоټȥûжٺôİţ˹
ֻʣǼҵ˲ϣ鱨浽֪һ룬˸Ǽ˸ϿԣúҪˣǮҲõ˭
бˣԶҶïӣҪȻǲڽӵӻֱ֮ӵİ칫
ֱԼЩе⣬һʵĲΪʲôҪͣúĲøһ˵
ڣûίǷһ͵һӣ˵ʲôҪίа壿úõһԼмＸ
ֱĹϵһʱҲǱŭҼＸԼ֪ҪǸҷҵĿԣƣ


964 ۵Ĺ
̬ʮֵᣬ֮Ը޷Զı£ԴԼȻҲǱҪ˵껰֮ˣҲûʲôƢ
ȥԺһ룬֮ô󵨣޷Զ󱳺Զûʲô飬ҲһгԼΣھȻһνӪҵҸвˣίѵβ
һ룬Ҷƽȥһ绰£ʾʹʲôвֶΣᶨƵƽͨúŵĸƺԴϹΪһʲô⡣
ĻҶƽִͣùжжǾȥٵһҪ֤˳ɡ
ӦҶƽҪ󣬲ȥв£Ҷƽµ绰Ժȴ飬Զǳ޴󣬲ڹٳŲٵˣҵҲռ˽еһֵ̣Ӵļ壬ȻһЩÿһطνǿѹͷߣͷﶼУ˵ûǲܵ¡
ͷڵ̸ڣʱҪǵֲ֧һЩ飬е˵ͷ߱ٻΪıȡ棬ļһ׳󣬸طβ󲻵֮ơ
δ֮ʱ϶׵ǣǣǿ϶ʹһЩʽεΪѣѿ
ߺȻѡԶĵͷ߽νϣһЩҪ鶼ԶǨ鹤ǻ϶ǽԶϵģԭνĸֻһЭȴźܴľ档
һ׳ԼʵԶص֧һҲԶγͬˣݶഺ⵱ҲȡһЩ档
һ˫Ӯľ棬ӲѧĽǶ˵ǾһֻҶƽˣѹҶƽԶȻҲֻӶĻҶƽп⡣
ҶƽҲûѡкȥ£һûжʵҲȥ£ĵͷߡ
£ԶĵͷߣֻܻԶķ˽еӴ󣬳ΪһιͷԵطεǳпԶΪ˽ν̸
ҶƽҲγһҪݺݴιͷ͵ͷߣֻͨԹˣڸӦ
ҲǴ̼ҶƽҶƽʶԶһֶӶһίǷԶ׶ǰгҲ
Ҷƽͷ˰죬Ҫ˳ؿչһЩðЩȵ߸ˣֻҪǵ棬ǾͻΪ
Զ׷⣬ҲԶֶӸаһԭ򣬱ϾԶûж֧֣Ҳ˽ΪΪЩԭҶƽҪȥԶ
Զ̽Զɽֵܣ˽мгľӪȨ磬һˮֵľֳ˴ͨصԱ뿪ԶȥȥسԴˣҶƽüԣԶһ͡
֮⣬һһЩ˷ֲڵίأԼ취ȵλЩһγһӴμ壬˸ҶԶǾͻ飬ʩѹ
ҵԶϴˣӽ˾Ӷߵ䣬;ûκεĽչˣھҪԼ˼;ϸ߸ͽ
ҲıЭϯ˴һְΪһĸɲҶƽԴҲ˽ģ϶֧ȴǾԶΪһɲȻûʲôʵȨˣЭϯ˴ְλӰ˽к绽꣬ˣҲְλϵóѡ
ҶƽõһҪԶƣһǲԶΪɲжθгְ񣬶ǲκεĽֹΪͨصس
⣬ԶΪЭϯ˴ΣôίǶŹʢΪЭϯ˴εĻǾͺˣᵼ¶ʧȥŹʢһҪ֧ߡ
һ飬ҶƽеԼ뷨β˵һ˵ֻҪβ֧ϻᰴ뷨
ȥԺôܶԿֶΣȥӦۣһ˵ڰӪҵҵǮƣˣڵطõķչ
ϵһЩߣ֧飬ʼڱֽվϷһЩͨˮ£Щ³Ժ󣬱͵˸쵼İͷʡͷ쵼Ǵ绰Ҷƽˣ˽飬һʡ쵼ע£绰֮󣬱ǰҶƽеİ칫ң˵һ˵
Ǵ绰ʡ쵼βɺ͹ʡίǹעһ´£Ȼ˶Ҷƽ
Ҷƽй֮󣬾ǸҶƽͨˮصСúýע⣬ʡ쵼绰ˣ㿴ô죬Ҷƽŵģ˶ȻָĿҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ֪ΪʲôͻȻð۳ҲǸЩͿˣڶһ£ֻܽͣ۹עһˣǻҪԼ⡣
ҶƽĻ˵ǿԲ˼ɣʡ쵼ĻǲܲĿǰ£ǱӦýķӣǲǿ˽ǵļ沢
⿴ȥʮֵȻҶƽ˿˵һû˽˽֮ǻ㱨¡
û̫ʱȥ˽ڱ͵ϣ֪ͨҪǿиˡ
˼꣬ҶƽҸ绰֪飬Ҳܼһʱʲôʲô¶ˡ
ִֹͣߣҶƽǵֹͣˣѾ沢ҵ϶ֳʲôֻ𲽽С
ҶƽĻûҪôȥԺһҪӦ飬ʡ쵼ٴδ绰顣
ҶƽӶȻǺ飬ͻȻֵ飬Щɣܣǳ飬᲻йأ
һ룬Ҷƽемֿԣûȥ֤ʵ֤ʵͨһС
ֻҶƽҵһ룬ʱ뵽˸š


965 ٱ
ҶƽŴһ绰Ŀæһ飬ýɢͨˮ˽ӪСúҵļߵıһûָʹȥ¡
ӵҶƽĵ绰űֵ£Ϊһ߼ȫԱ¼ֱСһҪôĵ飬Ǹݵ绰ϵͿƶϳ˭ָʹ˼¡
žǲĻָʹ˾꣬һҶƽǸеŭˣȻ˵ַ飬һиָ㣬˻᲻Զ
ҶƽǰֳԶŴһ˫ݵףԶ׺ݣ˭еһ˿˿£һǲȥǵģʲôˣҶƽȥǳ׺ݣҲû֯ԿгԶֻǸгţԶֹֻܷҶƽ£ҪҶƽѶȺܴ
һ뵽Զ£ҶƽǸеЭãҲҪ뷨ԶڵһλìԶ󣬶Ƕ⣬ϾίǣǣԶȱʣΪԼ棬ϧȡκֶΡ
ͨسĳίܿп֯ŹԶˮֳˮΪͨسѡˡ
ͨؾʵǿǱߵس൱ã˵ŰλӣԶҲŰ쵽ͨȥ뷨ˮƵΪҲ˲ٵĹ
֯Űѡ˳Źʢ˾ͱʾͬ⣬ֵʱȷʾͬˮȥͨصسˮͬҲһЩţ˷ӳˮʩУһЩ⣬Щ⣬ίҲڵ飬˲ܰͨصس
һô˵ЩˣôֹԱû֤ݣ˵˵⵷ҵģ
ڻһ˵⻰󣬶Ҳٹ˼ίǵݣֱʵϻƣ˵ˮ⣬ܲó֤ܣͲҪ˵Ļ
һ˵վҪҪҰѾٱҿ
ҪþٱţҲǵãþٱôҿһһˮû⣬ǾͲû⣬ǸλΣûҪá
ͻһ˵᳡վǱúܽţҶƽû뵽ἤҲǹͨҪֹ˴ζˮãû뵽֦ڳ
ҲãֹˮΣһܴٽˮĵ飬¾͸ˡ
ȥίԱһ绰ˮľٱŸùˮڵˮֳڼһֱ˾ٱ˵ˮıȡ棬Դ˼ίգھٱҲǲȷʵ⣬ҪˮҪһԽһ£ǲȥڶһ˵ȻǽѾٱùôҿһһµ״ڲ⡣
ʹڣڶ죬Ҳ֪ˮ˸ٱˣˮҲ𣬵ҪΪ⵼µġ
ȵѾٱùʱ򣬶ŸоԼʧˣˣ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮҲûջˣŹʢһоãǿ˶һ˵ǣоˮͬ־ְ飬ҪҪžٱ￴أҿ˰ɣ
һ˵æ˵ʢ˵ǣǣȻյ˾ٱΪʲôȽңǲΪٱУøҿ
ȴ˵ûø㿴ҵʧ󣬵ڿҲ٣ҼȻˣôҿһ
ֱŹʢԱ߰ǻҶƽʱܲ˵ǽӹ˵˵ҲеȻˣǾͿһû⣬Ҳ˻ָһˮͬ־
Ҷƽһ˵ҲͲͶŹʢ˵ĻֱӰѾٱŷȥһˣҪǲͬ⣬Ǿ̻ˮˡ
ٱһίУҾϸƽʱֿٱţһȻǱȽϵ棬һҵıǸв죬еľüͷ°˼顣
Ҷƽùһ󣬱ŵһηˮΪˮֳƹŲٵˮĿЩĿǼǧԪǳ޴ΪԶſɽҲʮֵĸߵԶҪͨصس治ԸȥоˮҲͦá
ԶҪˣҲֻ÷ӣû뵽ίϾȻ֦ڵģ֪ĻҲͬҪͨسġ
ֻǿžٱţǲ˵ҶƽٱŶŴ˵ٱ濴һ飬оǲ׽Ӱٱͷ˼ʩҵȥһ£ˮֵĿܶ࣬Ȼˮͬ־ܹ࣬ǻҪԸε̬ȶԴٱ˵ݣҪˮͬ־еĻȻǲȥͨصسˣҵǣɼίǣͷһٱ˵ݣȵԺоҲ١
Ҷƽͷ飬һ˵ҶгĽ鲻Ǽίģǻûüڳίͬǵ飬ǾͿȫȥһµ飬鲻ʲôǾ͸ˮͬ־ָ
Ҷƽͻһһͣ˶⣬һúõµ飬Ȼ˼ίĵ飬ȥ֪˻ô룬ѾŪزҪǲͬҶƽǴȥίǰӸܷӣ
ҶƽͻĻĳίҲ˵ʲôˣҲû˵ھͿα̬ˡ
˿᳡ɨҶƽͻһۣ˵Ҷгǣǵ˼Ҫǵˮͬ־
ҶƽϽ͵ҲҪˮͬ־ֻ;ٱϵ½һºʵΪǶˮͬ־˵һָ𡣡
⻰˵ãˮҶƽڴ˭Ҳ˵ʲôҲûܾ£ֻͬԶԾٱϵݽһºʵǿ㣬һǲ̫ʱ䣬һܵʱеʵǲֱӾЩȥˮͬ־ˣˮͬ־ʲô֮ΪҪרӰ쵽ˮͬ־Ĺǣûеʲô⣬Ҫʱˮͬ־ָȻʽΪͨس
Ҫ󣬻һڰˮʱ̫̣϶ǲڵģϾҪʱ䣬ܽӴˮˣǾû˽⵽Ҳûˮʩѹֻܿβ֤ٱţ˼ίֽš


966 ˮ
һоĳίᣬоɼίˮĳίᣬȵһɢˮ֪ϢûŸʲôϷ˵Ҳȥͨس֯ƼȥģȻ˵Զйأղ֯ſƼ
ڵˣسûϣӭ˼ͼĵ飬˵ȥ˵жôƣжôơ
ˮǸԶȥһ绰ԶʱҲ֪ϢһϢһӾͱɫԼسıȴǵõĽȻ˵ίĵ鲻һܰˮȥһأԼһ
뵽ԶֱȥҶ⣬һ飬ҪһˣίźܴĻȨϵʲô̬ȣ
ǼԶûпڣ֪ǹʲôģ£ʾֻüίʵһ¾ٱϵݣٱŲʵˮسĻˮس
˶һ˵Զǲ˵ʲôˣǻ׵֯ſʱȵίϲⲻͻȻϮⱳá
һ⵱Ȼǲ֪ҲⱳҶƽͨˣôһһԶ󣬵ͬʱҲѿ
ڳίĻ᳡ϲô˵ѹֻȥ飬Զʹ飬Ҳ޲ͿĽʲôˣֻһڵĵʱ䡣
ʵӳίҳԺ󣬻ϵѹҲǲСΪ飬ʲôҲûе˼ǻ˵ˮѿ
ԣһ᳡ǰϵҶƽô죬ȥӴˮˣҵʱộΰеݸ
ҶƽĻһ룬Ҫ̵ʱڰˮЩ̳а֮ĹϵһйصĵȽǿϹصļ켼ڹĿչ
ǹˣ־£Ҳ׵ΪҪ򣬻˷Ѻܶʱ䣬ֻ־ߵ׼ǲеģþ׼УιǴģȥЭ顣
˰죬ҶƽȥһҸţøŰæһˮлߵϵˮ֪˼ίҪ϶ᰲһЩüί鵽ʲô
Žӵĵ绰֮һʹӦⷽŲСȨΪĳضĿȥ顣
ֶͨΣȡˮڳίῪԺ󣬴绰׼ԿһЩϢЩϢȡԺ󣬾ǽ˻ϣЩϢǹл˵ķߣֱӵ֤ݣȻͿԶˮȡ˫ʩˡ
õЩϢ̸ݾٱһһʵ£ЩлһʼȻˮлߵ飬ǵίԱѵõƵŸʱǾɵˣû뵽ίԱѾϢǾǵҲûá
һǵõлˮлԻȡˮ̵Υʵһ㣬ˮܵǮƾȻﵽ֮࣬Ǹһʼ֣ˮ˫֮󣬿²ֹ֡
һõ֤ݣϸҶƽȻȥҶ⣬ô죿һȻĽȫǰˮĽ࣬ٶԪ֣˭Ҳ̻ˮ
Ȼȴòּ̬֧ίĵжҪȡ˫ʩͲȡ˫ʩ
˱̬ȻǷǳӭˣתǻص˼ίȻٿίί飬оˮȡ˫ľίίܿͨ˶ˮȡ˫ľ֮ڣˮ˾ǷһתʱˮеûӦ
ڵõı֮û֪ͨԶΪĻˮܻܣĻͲˣֻܵȵίˮȡ˫ʩٰ֮߸Զ
Ҫ֪ԶڼίڲҲǱ߼ίίտ꣬˴绰Զ˵ˮҪȡ˫ʩ
ԶһϢԼĶ䣬Ҫ֪ίίỹû죬˵ֻǾ;ٱϵݺʵһ£һӾҪ˫ˮˣ
Զʮַŭæ绰⣬û뵽ô֪һǳˮܱί˫飬Ҫԭڼί鵽ܻ¸ﵽٶԪʵˮȡ˫ʩ϶ǲеˡ
˶ĻԶеԼǱ˸ˣˣȻûܿס飬Ըƣ޷ƣ
ڵ绰Զⷢ˻𣬱ʾǴбҲܾô۸ίøˮһ
Զ˽мҴҵûȷ֤ݣڲƽˮˣԶΪӾûʲô֤ݣֻҪˮϲ͹ˣ
ԶʮӣҲû˵ʲô֮ķҲһõ飬֯Եˣôôܷܲð참Աֹͣ飬Ҳ˵ǲģģٷĻѲΡ
ⲻԸֹ飬Զ֪ڹؼʱ򣬴һǸ˸ģһѹĻ治Ǽҵˡ
Զ뵽ǶԶ˵ǣˮмίģô飬һЩ֤ҿЩ֤ݲΪָˮɣίֹͣεĵԼȡǿƴʩ顣
ԶĻһ룬͸Զ鲻ԸôΪҶƽһ£ֻһܣҪֹ˴εĵ飬ùҶƽһء
ԶôһǸо鲻ðˣҲԸȫȥ¡
һ룬ԶᵽһЩ̵£ڶǶഺǰΪ˶ഺ¿ǷĲ٣Ϊôһ±ҵȫóҲ̫ˣˮһеġ
Զһ˵֪ԶڰʾԼһ飬ഺ÷ˮ𣬶ഺ֮˳ҪԶһⲻôͻ᲻϶ഺĹᵼ¶ഺ
һ˵֪ԶҪҪ˱˵ĵȰԼãˮ̨ˣôǱ߽ʲôõĽ
ڴ֮£ֻôӦԶЭԵ˽һЩҪô֤ݣ뷨֮󣬶ֻٴΰѻйֲһ´¡


967 Ҫ
Զҹ֮󣬶һ룬ò绰һûлתأܷܲŹˮһѣȻ˵е㲻ܣٿһ»ϵ̬ȣ֪Լ֧ġ
ӵĵ绰֮Ϊ飬һ֪ίίǷͨˮ˫永ˡ
ǸѾͨ׼ȡʩأǸ黹Ҫίίоһ£ȻٶǷ˫档
̬Щ仯ǣˮ永ôǺŵģΪʲôҪίίᣬͬ˲𣿡
˻һۣ˵ˮЩ֤ݣǼίȷвȷУ
϶ȷеģȷҲˮȡ˫ʩ
һ˵ˮˮ滹˲ٵĹģҪɲһЩᣬ㿴ֻܲˮһԵĴǮ˳
û뵽ʱͻȻˮ飬ŵˣŹˮһ룬ҪεģΪǼίǣⲻǡ
ǣˮ永޴ܸ᣿Ļдӣһͷٺͼίίһ¡ظ
ľдӣдӣ飬ξˣһ˵Ȼ㲻ͬǺðɣճҲ֧鰸ģǲ鰸ҲҪأ˵ǲǣ
²Զ˵ˣÿһӱ˵飬ǲɱ飬Ϳ˭ҵ˵Ӵ󣬶ˮҵ˵ӿ϶󣬶ίΪ˵ˡ
ǣÿǵһῼǵģǻʵ޷ͬĻֱӶˮȡ˫ʩˡ˿˵
оˮĵ鲻ɱ⣬Ҳٴν˵뷨ֻҪԶ󽻴ˣȻԶ϶źܴ
ûٷԴ£ȥԺ󣬾üίԱˮȥˮˣˮôڰ칫һίԱһίԱ֣ȻͰѸˡ
ˮͻȻмί˫棬ԭǱõĶ󣬽ȴüί˫ˣһֱĸоҴҲ֪ˮԶ÷ھȻҲˣǲͻ²᲻ʲôݣԶ󱣲ס÷ˣԶ£Ȱ÷ˣ
ˮһ£˾ҳһ㣬ԶþԶ飬Զץ취ˮ̳
ԶվصŲļٵãӦæ£ڿûðܲסܲסǸڱָʹˣˮ˫棬Ȼ˵Ҫˮ˵£Ǻܶ˿϶Ϊʧˣסˮˡ
뵽ԶɫҲţҲ֪ˮµˣԶ󱨸ͨˮصģһǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Զָ˵㲻Ҫȥͨˮˣץ㿴ഺͳˣ㻹ƣʲô飬ץ
һԶֱӺ˵飬һˣԶֵ֧ģڿ֧һҪòץ
ഺʱˣԶԭ֪ڲ֪֪ö̫ˣ϶ǶöഺˣȻ϶Ӱ쵽Ȿˡ
ˮһ飬Ҳ볷ˣͨˮظ£϶ǳµ鷳һˮǹˣؼڸν飿
ˮǱ˫ģҪˮ˫棬ˮû˵κβȻڿǲܵģˮڱȻֻܿμˮˡ
뵽ҲֻˮһҪõҪ棬ˮϸ˵ҵˣȻ˵ˮΪҳ˲ٵ뵽ԶͻȻһ⣬Ͷ˵ˮɣ£һġ
Զñһסˣ˵磬˵ʲôҺˮ飿
Զ飬ھ룬ȻҲ˵Ҫ룬ҪޣԺǾ͸ˡ
ԶЩ⣬˵磬ʱ飬϶ǲԸģ϶ΪҲ壬侮ʯ
ԶȻҲϰ࣬ǿ϶ԶĲһΣʱ϶ǲԶΪӣԶǸкôˮڳˣǳĴ£˭ܰȳģڹؼֹֻҪֹܰˣĽʽԼҪҪʲôԥ
һԶ˵кôԶƺһʲôˣˮ£Ҷҳ£ˮ˻飬ôˮ˳£ҳ£ҵǱסˣԶǵĻǶ࣬Ȼҵˣˮûǣˡ
ȻԶ˼ˮ飬Ը飬оûˮڣȻ˵Ǽ飬˭֪ˮͷô룬ѵ뵽ΪԼ
ԶȻῼǵˮ˵ĸܣÿǣϾǷޣ㲻ãˮͲˡ
ԼûЩǣԶǸ鵱ϲϱк󻼣ˮȻϿܺã˵ҲǰỴ̂Ҫĸ鿴̫ؼʱҪĽǶȳ뿪ȥ̸飬ԿĻԼ
û뵽Լĸ绹˵ĻԶø֪ˮа̵飬ǼæȥԶԶ˿˵ͲҪٴˣԽԽͰ˵ȥˡ
վԱ߿һУʵ֪ˮ˵ģֻûԶҲĹù˵ѣԶ⻰˵Ա߸˵ʲôڿùòţҲ˵ãҴ󲮵ģڵĸû黨ǲݵģǴҲûãҹ÷ѾˣͲҪ̫࣬ǵʲôˡ
һԼֶҲô˵Զɫܲÿ˶ôôԼֶӾȻ˵Ļ˵ʲô黨ǲݺѵԼĸҲⷽ飿
ԶþǻҲٶ˵ŤͷˣԶûн֪µٿһ£϶ԼģΪҲҵˡ


968 ʾл
ԶҲǶϱȻԼˮ飬ˮ¶ǼҵӰ죬ûȥԺȻе̫飬ȥҪԼģܿ˴ڼί참ˮԼҪ顣
ˮ̬ȷǳţΪԼԶ֧֣ʹ˫棬ֻҪԼܿסУû뵽ʱԼ׽˸صһԼžȻҪ顣
˾ɽľ߳׸ίԱн֮£ˮʶԶѾǲĻˣֻʵ참Ա̹ףԼ˻¸С
Զõľٶ˼ί참Աİ참Ȼʹˮ飬ˮľҲᶯҡֻӿˮĽ̡
ˮ永Ľٶ򣬺ܿƽ˾شˮҲͬԶ飬Ϣܿʹ˳ȥ֮ǰҵȻˮ˥һˮˣⲻֲ뷨²ʲôԭǲûйϵ˵ˮ˽ޣ鲻κεǣ
ô˵ľٶҵģȻҵ˵Ǿ̫ûζʱ飬൱ڶˮ侮ʯΪҵ棬ԶҲֻôˡ
Ҷƽ˵֮ǶԶһ˸̵ʶ¹ϣ飬Ƕ˭һԼƻˮĵֻ̨Ǵҵıɽһǣ˽ڵӴ̹ϵûؽдء
ȻҪֻҪҡԶ˽ελµЩ˲ΪǣھȥҡԶελԶЭϯ˴Σôελǻһߣ߽˽Ƿǳġ
Զ鱻ˮֵξְֳԺûʵְаţˮճһλӣǽϣҶƽûзεעĲЩǹעԶˡ
Զ֮ڴͨˮسսߣ˳ͨúŵĸϵĹȨǳˣҰģҶƽİˣҪúøлһҶƽ
Ȩһ绰˵ҪҶƽԷҶƽ뵽ԼΪгҪ֧ҵ£˼ҪԼԷһҪԼԷҶƽǵӦ˴¡
Ȩ˽ȻרŰҶƽԼһҸߵľƵ֪꣬ҶƽƢҲûиҴ˹㣬Ϊ˽ºҶƽҲ˹
ȨԼҶƽٽм˹ƣȨȴǸҪô˹һҶƽһҲУ˶һЩ˽йǵġ
ȨǴ˼绰ͨúפ˽´Ա˺üˣŮûѣǽԼ£飬ʱúҶƽ˵顣
Щ˺ܿһȨҶƽǱϹϾӣҶƽЩ͸Ҫʲô˼ɣгҲˣͨûʲô
Ҷƽһ˵⼸˶ʱǷŮʿöмɫҲʱύһҶƽĴ˾΢ЦſҶƽҶƽĵطȨԱߡ
ŮʿǹһԼΧҶƽֻЦЦҲû˵ʲôԼﶼǻܵŮʿǵĻӭҿԼĻﻹŲ
һ֮ȨǰǼŮʿΪҶƽƣǵܷܷ֣ԼǰƣҶƽûȥעȨͨúŸϵ£ȨǰҶƽ㱨һ顣
ȨĻҶƽǸϲĿģջҪҵӪЧϣڵò黹ãҪδѣѾҵĲƷƷϺ͹ϣֻҵΣʱվȽŸֻǾڵã۾׬ǮǾǴشˣĻ˭ʤְλûбҪϣֱ˼ӪҵĳӸˣȫ¿ԽһļලҲûбҪⷽĹ˵ϵĿĻΪ׳ҵҵļˮƽЧʡ
Ҷƽһô˵Ȩͷʾͬ⣬гڽ̻أúúõţҶƽ˵꣬ѾˣȨкҶƽȾơ
ŮʿҲǶžƱȥҶƽľƣҶƽȻӦϵվǷǳĺã˾úܿģܺгŮʿϵˡ
ƺȵòʱȨʹһɫϵ˾½˳ȥȵǶ˵ʱȨҶƽԱߵλãĵضҶƽ˵ҶгǳҵΪǳ˲ٵǷǳл
Ҷƽ￴˿ȨоȵҲǲˣû˵ּ˵ҶгҵϸϺ׼УҵһЩԭʼɣרҶгģô£
Ȩ̽ſҶƽҶƽһԭʼ֣֪ȨʲôĿģǿ˿ʵԭʼɣҪԭʼɣ
Ȩ˵ǵģ֮ǰǿ϶ҪԭʼɣֻҪУԭʼɿ϶ҪǵģǼŵ쵼㶼һԭʼɣְҲУҶгҲһ֡
Ȩ˼ˣҶƽصԼ˳ԭʼɣҿ⣬ҾͲˣҲҵԱҲǹ㣬Ȩǵԭʼɣʲô
Ҷƽ˵ţȨ²ҶƽڵľҶƽԸҪأҶƽûг⣬û˵ԭʼɵ˼ҿгˣ˼һῴ
Ȩ͵Ҷƽһۣ˵ҶггǸʮԭʼɣռǼŵİٷ֮壬ûԤƴĻһкٻʮԪңɲԣ
Ҷƽֿһ˵һʮ飬ʮǾǰ˰һ⣬ûǮͶȥһҲû򰡡
һҶƽ˵Ȩ˵Ҷгģҿñ˰֣Ǯǵʱ
Ҷƽôˣʵܵðʮɣôأ˭õЩɷݣ
ҶƽʣȨоҲҶƽ˵Ĳ쵼ҲõֹɷݣҪлǶǼŵĹ֧֡
ҶƽüͷһʵûУ
ȨϵǸһûи˵£󣬰ǲٵæҲӦл
һҶƽ˵ǰǵ˿Ƕˣѵһһбʾл


969 ˹ɷ
Ҷƽ˵ȨȻûʶҶƽ뷨ǽ˵ҶгʵȫΪ˸л˭쵼࣬Ķ࣬׬ȴǱ٣ʵһɷӦûʲôġ
Ȩԭ뷨Ҷƽ˽ط̬Ȼ֧Ȩҵ沢ǲȫվȨһˣȨôʵһָܵΪôôĿŵظ㣿
һ£Ҷƽ˿˵һӸҰʮɣһӾ׬˰˵׬ǮһˣһԱ
Ҷƽһ˵Ȩգһ۾һʱ㵵Ҷгûб˼ֻлһ쵼ԭʼ˭
ĻҶƽ˵κˣǾͲ쵼ɲ쵼ɲЩɷݣǾһָܵΪ֧ҵ沢УΪӪҪıȡ˵棬㣬֮磬ҵģͰ˭ҵɷݵ¸߼ίüί̸̸ǰѹɷݸ˳ԸˣǾͰΥʹ
ҶƽҪȨͷȫǻˣоҶƽΪҶƽĹɷݣû뵽Ҷƽգһҵԭʼɵ˵
ȨһʱЩΪѣϾҵԭʼɵ˶Ȩˣ˼ίǾǰǸˣǺã
ӦҶƽҪǾǰҶƽˣҶƽһֱ֧ƶҵУҪȥܾ
ֻܴӦҶƽҪˣȨͬȥԺύίӦԼҶƽûȥȥúõذҵӪãҪЩ߰顣
ȨӦţҶƽദĺܺõģһŪ£ȴеΪˣҿҶƽ˻֮󣬲ûиɫȻܸ˵غžƣǷġ
ԹԺҶƽǻ飬ȨȥһȽҲǺǿҵҲ׷󣬵û뵽Ҳȥ£ⲻһ˵⣬һַһ˸е˼硣
뵽֮ǰ˵˽ơƳƵ飬˽ơƳҲ˽еһҴơƳǰĵƣ˵ƵʱҲ͸һЩ쵼ٵԭʼɣЩԭʼһ־ǳɱ׬һЩ˾ʹ˷˲ƣʵĻǾ˵ʱͿʼˣΪһԼ׳ɵ飬ȨŻôɣֱҵҪ͸ɷݡ
뵽Ҷƽ˵˽ơƳ뷨֪жԭʼɣȴôõģҪ֪¸꣬Щ˿϶ԼɷݣһкЩǰѹɷˣ׬ǮϢˣ˭ʲô˿
һҶƽͨúٳһ룬͸һ绰ɼίͼֵȥͨúżලƵ飬Ӧв鴦ȨȥԺ󣬲һȥЩˣ˵üί˸ϲС
Ҷƽĵ绰֮󣬽žȥͨˮأʱȨȥԺһ룬ȥȥˣس֮ǰЩɷݣû͸Ҫһ£һЩɲѹɷݸˡ
ͨˮشʱ䳤ĹϵʵϲͨúҪ沢£ʵֵ֧ģεʱԶ鲻Ը⣬Ȩкܶøеġ
ָܵʹȨȥҶƽʲôɷݣȨԴǲ֪ģȨԼҲҪлҶƽ͸ҶƽɷݣҲûʲôġ
ҶƽȴǼԴ£úһ£һô졣ıԺȻҲǾסˣ˿ȨȻʵҶгô˵ˣ
Ȩ˵ģûа취ֻôӦȻҵƵҲ͵òҶг֧ˣУЩԭʼҲûá
һ˵е̫ˣǺѰ찡Щԭʼɸ˭ҲǸȻҪҲ³˵ⲻǸеΪ𣿡
ȨҶгһгҪǵȻǿ󣬶ҲҪ˼죬ֻҸеⲻȥѣسǷݣҲϱˣ㱣
һ˵ôأҶгҪҪҪǷ˴ˣȻͷϰѹɷ˸ǳӣľͲҪ˵ˡ
Ȩһʵ˵أ
ҹܲˣҪ֪ͨһԣԸⲻԸ˳
ԸˣȨȻ֪˼һͻȥô֪ͨʹذѹɷݸ˳
Ȩ̴֮绰ҶƽԸҪɷݵ£һǳĬָʹȨҶƽ͹ɷݵģҶƽЩУֻаϴͨúŵĸһѵĻᣬֻҪҶƽЩԭʼɣҶƽǱԿˣΪ൱˰ѱ
ҶƽգһҲ³еѰˣҶƽβȥҶƽҪһЩ飬˵һΪ顣
һ룬ǸסȨҪҶƽĻͺܱˣҪֻ֪ҪҶƽ֪ЩɲЩɷݣ϶ǺܲԱȨǵĹС
һҪȻͬ⣬ôܿסȨһǸҵУֻҶƽ֧ǲеģû֧֣иǲ˳еĻʵʵذҪ졣
˶⻰ȻзҶƽҲֻгίǣϴǶҶƽҶƽһڲ졣
һԺٰȨйҲ֪ˣǵ˼ҵп϶ҪеģЩðذ죬˻˹أǾͲܰҪ˵ĻȥһЩϹص
˵ĹأȨȻʲô˼Ͷ⿴ҶƽһسƵˣǲǣڶǾǲҪıԭȵķô컹ô죬ҶƽҪ¡
Ļ֮ȨҲڿ£֪ϵҵԭʼɷݵ˶һЩȨǮ֮ˣջԭʼɷݣʵǵǣǽӪйʲôӣʵҵ£ʱ򻨳һЩҲֵõġ
س˼ףֻҶгνȨʵ


970 
Ȩһ˵Ҷг㲻ýʲôҪɷݣǲ˲ҪԭʼɣֲǲǮΪʲôҪҿǺˣҵԭʼɷҲˣҪˣðѽ׬Ǯһҡ
û뵽˵ˣȨͲ˵ʲôˣҪЩ˻Ѷأ߼ίǵǣ黹治ð졣
̸˰ĻȨȥԺ󣬾ǸоΪѣҶƽҪͶҪߵͳһм˸еǳΪˡ
ɳļίලԱͨˮأίһȨ֪ôˣҶƽǶģҲ֣ίĻôģ
ίһ󣬱ǽפͨúţȨ̸˻ڸƹ̵ûиɲΥ͵⣬Ȩһɵۣί˸ֱӣֱⷽˡ
ȨһЩɣί˾ûиɲչԭʼɣûΥΥ͵Ϊ
һίֱʵⷽ⣬ȨǸеѹˣȻĻŲѸɲԭʼɵ߼ίˣڼίֱ飬λر飿
Լί˵ѹȨֲصˣί˳һЩɲͨúŹԭʼɵ飬ί˾ṩȨֻôӦҪԭṩΪίûҪṩˣǵˣڼίֱȻṩȥҲûʲô˵ϾǼί
ȨҲһۣûа˵ȥϾسҪ˵ȥĻôǲãֻһЩ˹ԭʼɵ˵˳ȥ
ί˵õЩԭʼԱϢ֮󣬱һһ绰֪ͨͨú˽һǵ̬ȡ
ЩһЩؼŵ쵼ʲô֡ҵί֡ڰȵλͷͷԣȻв쵼һһί뵽ͨú̸
һί飬ЩɲҲŵòᣬԺ󣬾ֱӳЩ飬ʾԸܴѹɷݸ˳ȥ
ί˾Щ̬ȺõģǰǷ˳ȥֻҪѹɷݸˣҲ˾һǧѷķƻᣬǾԼûԼԭʼɣĻ
˵ǲⷽһ˲ϣί˾ˣרŶǣʼǵ⣬һȡ֤֤ʵݵΪԼԭʼˣˣദˡ
һίҪǣǾЩ˵и쵼Ϊʲôί˾ʲô쵼Ǿ˵ԼԭԶ飬Ƕйɷݡ
һðҪ쵼ί̽һǸǣ˭ˣҪٸ˵
ʱȨѾһȻŽҵǾҲȫĻǰѹɷ˳ȥɣȻüίˡ
Ҫ˵ʱ򣬼ί˾̸ˣԼίʻֻܳˣҪ˻ȥҪɷݣʵⶼͨúȥ̯ɸġ
ҲǻѰɣȻ˵̯ɵģҪ֪ЩԭʼɣںѾˣôܻ̯ɣ˵ί˻ֱӽҴϾԸѹɷݸ˳ˡ
ԶǱߣȨѾˣûа֪ڼίһҵϻ񣬱ʾϰɷݸ˳
ίһ飬еĸɲǰͨúŵĹɷݸ˳ˣͨˮسָɲԭʼɵܲ۵Ǵ𣬼ίڵԺ󣬱ǱǴ绰Ҷƽ
Ҷƽ֪Ժ󣬾Ǹеʩѹ˽ơƳԭʼɾкö쵼й˲٣ʵĻͨúŵΪץ֣ʩѹȻе֣Ϊѡ
һ뵽Ҷƽ飬ҪύίоһδЩɲǸֻô
֮󣬱׼ύίᣬȴûеõĻ㱨ȵٿίʱ򣬻Ű⽲һ£Ҫύίϡ
һǻ˸ʱύίᣬǺ˵ǲԸ⣬ΪȨύίԸʽһЩύίᣬٿίίд
һ˶⵱쭵ﲻҪҶҪǲˣдְȻʡί򱨸棬ø㣡
һⷢˣҲǲòصⲻǸ㶷Щɲ˽¹ԭʼɣȻȵҵк׬ȡ޶ΪΥΪڱҪ
һһףһӱòᣬ绰ί죬֪ͨίȡٿʱٽ֪ͨ
ί·ϱ㱻֪ͨȡˣĪڿ˾ܾҪ󣬱Ťͷˡ
ڿԺ󣬾ͺúõһ飬ʵҪȫܾҪ󣬶ΪύίĻԭ˽ơƳǻ𣬽²Ӧôʱͻ鷳ˣԱֹзͣ͵д
ڻǲģûа취ѹסΪΪԱȽǿһģҪ飬ֻȥˡ
ȴǱˣǸոΪʡ֮ǰ˽ίǵⴺⴺˣֻⴺûִ¡
һ룬רȥһʡǣϵⴺҪⴺһһ飬ⴺΪǰείǣȻЩƲ𣬵ó˽⼸꣬гûиɵùⴺ
ȻԱȽǿƣⴺǸӵϺ꣬ôȥҲ޷ⴺʵ⣬ã˼Ժͣⴺ֮ǰƼίǣҲǳŵάԭ˽档
ⴺĵطڣìܣΪȻѾԺˣΪʲôҪҶƽأһӴĵطҪҶƽƺ⣬öⲻȫĿƣĻһ˽ȫվȽŸôͲٰԼǰίǷǸʱ˭֪һʲô
һҶƽʱ˳ˮۣԼ֧ҶƽҶƽǳмͬʱ˶Ķ棬öȻ޷Ŀơ


971 һ
ʡǣ鶨һҷǳ徻ʱݣƽʱȽϲͣⴺƽʱҲǱȽϲʱУԾǶһطȴⴺĵ
ⴺ׼ʱԼʵⴺҲһֱڹע˽е飬ϾǰείǣЩ滹˽ǱߣһЩ´棬϶Ҫһ¡
ҶƽһȥһЩ飬öеǳĲþ֪ˣڰЦ飬һô죬ЩȴǸҲЩеˣҶƽһͨúԭʼɷݵ顣
ȻͨúŲûʲôԭʼĹɷݣȴ˼֮ԹǡǡΪ飬Ȼ֮ŲͬĹ۵ͳͻЩȴܴһµġ
һ¾˽ơƳĸϣơƳĸƺУͶһָģһΪȻҲ벻Ĺͣķϣ˶ǼзݣΪԭʼϹϣ˶ˣҲˡ
ڻͨúŵ£ôˣôͻע⵽˽ơƳе飬ǿǱȻᷢ飬ȻѾǹȥʱˣ¾˴ʲô
Ҫֹʲôˣֹͨúŵ£Ҫⴺϣֻⴺȥͻ˵һ˵£źû顣
ڶ⿴׼ⴺһˣƾֵľֳԸΪǿײϣʱԭļίǺͶñȽȺⴺо˽а壬ΪԼãǱʡίƼ˻μίǣԭļίǣûΪԸһ
ҲǸмⴺΣһЩϷǳⴺһֱѹö̧ͷҲⴺҪĲ֮һⴺı־ǳԡ
ʱ⵱ȻҪҵⴺṩȻ˶пⴺԼϵʱݡ
Ժ󣬶ӭ˵һᣬ˳ȥֻʣ˴ڷ
˿һۣⴺЦ˵ǣ˽òɣ
һ˵ȴҡͷ̾Ǵʡ˽쵼ĺðǸﶼҽа壬ҵʡίְˡ
ⴺȵصôأ˭Ҳ
ɨһ۵ʡͲ֪˰ɣǸƽгǵ뷨һЩƺҪǱۣҽٲ㣬пܵ˲ʰĵز
ⴺۿ˿˵ʲô飬صĺ֮ǰû˵
Ҳǿ˿˵ͨúŸУ֮ǰҲͬ⣬Ҷƽƶ£Ϊ뷨ҲͲȥֹû뵽ǣȨԭʼɷҪʱûͬ⣬һЩϹԭʼɣȻе£Ҫύίо۴ķֹ
˵⿴ⴺһۣⴺʶʲôˣûжɫҪö˵Ļ
ⴺûг˵ʡϵҲῴú˽ơƳԭʼɷϣǶõǵһݵģڵʱǲûоʲôףʱҲģΪҶ࣬ϹһЩԭʼɣҲЩһ¸˵룬û˼ڻͨúŵ˳ôҹע飬³ͣ˾ᣬ˽ơƳҲҪһֹķ
˵ĺˣⴺû˵ڳ˼˽ơƳȻ֪ģһĬͣ¾ᣬŲС鷳֮ǰҲǿǵˡ
ڶֹͬ飬Ȼ췢Ԥһ»жѹȥ
ھҶƽģǶǲǣܲ˵Ҷƽ봺ʡĹϵɨⴺһۣǵһⴺ
ⴺʱǺһЦǶһЩţϵҪԭΪҰʡʱȥʵ̸Ͻ顣
ⴺ飬һ飬Ǹеⴺˣֻⴺûпǵô
еʧˣʡȻһͷײǽġǽ
ⴺ˼죬ʱڵԭʼɵͳһģʲôҲ˳еΣһ£ͨúŵѣǱش£ǣ㵱ԭʼûȫ׵
˴󲿷֣һСû׵ҲҪɶʵҲ֧ҵһΪ
ⴺ˵ͷǣúãȫˣ˵ˣûȫ׵˵ǵʱΪҵ룬ĿĲΪ˻Ϊ˳ֹ֧ҵչҵЩԭʼɷݻأ׼ȵݺȥڷΪòԣҾ˳ȥ
û뵽ⴺһҲûۣⴺûǲ϶ıֻϺ꣡ͷǰһⴺöֲ꣬ûжؼȱ˼ҵ۹⣡
еЩɥֲòⴺ飬ⴺҲ֪˼֮Ƕ˵һͷͻ˵һҲҪ뷨Ҷƽٹͨһ£ɲ˹ɣǲܴˣȻɲĹԣ֣鴦á
ⴺӦ˶飬Ȼǵ˵ͷʾͬ⣬ⴺı˸εʶΪ֮ǰûпǵЩ⣬֮ûȫΪŹɷһЩۣȫûпǵ⡣
ⴺĴֳ֮ˣҲεģðԼһ飬ͷͻһһ᲻ġ
Ժ󣬾ǻص˽Уⴺ֧֣˽Ȩƽֻ䵽һߣٲҶƽʵǿ
ⴺȥԺȴڿ˵ͬҪȻ˵ˣǻԶأһȿˣҲˣѾڱУȥⲻԼ뷨ٻصУ˵Լ


972 Ժʧ
ⴺһ绰ûȥʡǼһ棬ӵĵ绰֮󣬱ʡǣⴺһطͬһ
ⴺ˽飬ԼҶƽ֮ϵ£һһ˻ش
һⴺǺ̸ͨúŸƵ£Ҳǰ˽ܣĽ֮ⴺͨúԭʼɷݵ£һ£ǰⴺһ飬Ҳᵽϵ̬⡣
һ˵̬ȵ£ⴺǶ˵ͨúԭʼɷݵ£ҽ㲻Ҫ̫˽и˲ٵҵƣڸʱٶϹԭʼɷݵ£ǰ׷ܴӰ죬һ룬ʱжôĹҽ㲻Ҫٽˡ
ⴺһ˵˵ʡ㿴ҶƽгҸģҲһ£ϹԭʼɷݣȻĲȡΪҲһָΪڲֹأǰ飬ǿ϶Ͳ׷ˡ
һ˵ⴺϾǲˣϹԭʼɷݾһָΪʱһ룬˵Ҷƽ飬ҿͼĿڶԸ⣬ȫҪҪԼ⣬γԼίҪһֶģӦĿǡ
ⴺĻе֣֪ⴺΪʲôҪͨúԭʼɷݵ£Ҫ֪ѾǸˣôٰ;ϣҶƽҲͬ⡣
ǼֵʡѾˣλܲ룿˵Ҷƽгǳ֧֣޷ֹ顣
ԼĻⴺ˵ҵûҹңҸһкѴ·һţΪָȥĻӰ쵽˽еĹȻϵôˣʱˣ˵ǲǣ
ⴺ̬ûЩ⣬ⴺһⲻͣھȻˣ⵽ô£ѵʲôˣ
һ˵ʡⲻ˲˵⣬Ҫ֪ûʲôǣίǣӦ֧ίǰ참ǡ
Ǿǿⴺǵ֪˽ơƳƵ£
һⴺ˽ơƳƵ£Ȼ֪֪ⴺΪʲôҪ飬˽ơƳ˽оһθУʱӰǳĴⴺͶ˶ǷǳӴ¡
ⴺĻ֮󣬻˵˽ơƳƵ֪ģʱҲһЩôˣҵ黹й𣿡
ⴺһ۵˵йҲйأ˵޹Ҳ޹ء
صʡô
ⴺ˽ơƳǣȽ϶࣬ʱҲŲٵԭʼɣöɲõЩԭʼɣͨúŵԭʼˣ˾ᣬ뵽˽ơƳƵ£Ҫ֪˽ơƳĸпǴ˲˵棬ЩȻǲ⣬ٰòô鷳ǰίҲܵӰ졣
ԭⴺĵ£ⴺĿˣ˽ơƳԭʼɷݵȻҲ֪ģʱ˻ԭʼɣԾܾˣΪ֪ףƺûоܾĺ£һЩԭʼɣʱⴺͶÿõϰԭʼɣת־ǿԻǧԪ
ʱ仰ʱֻɣҿ϶ʱոյϼίǣһлҪⴺģ飬Ҳûνĵ飬ⴺ飬ǲԭʼɻйأ˵ֻǵӰ쵽
һʱ֮˼棬ⴺ˵ҵʱǵˣʲô飬ҶûʲôôҶƽˣȻ飬ֻ˽еӵеʱǻҪԼ⡣
ⴺڿͻȻ˿ʡͶǲ˽ơƳҲһԭʼɣʱ˴ԳˣȫжзҶò˼顣
û뵽ֱⴺȻЩã˵ҵĻ˵ģЩԭʼɣԼҲһݣѵ𣿡
˵ôܣʱȷʵȥЩԭʼɣҵʱܾˣûȥ£˾ǽͷҲûá
ⴺȴЦһؼȥһʵðɣ֪ĸһЩ
ⴺǸʱ˶סˣⴺ֮󣬾ǻصУԼӣǷ˽ơƳԭʼɣӲ֪Ϊʲôʱʵ⻰ǷҪʲô
Ǹ㲻ùΪʲôҾǲ£
һ˵ûʱһЩ٣Ҳ׬һǮǮںӵѧȥˣûĹûʲô룬ֻǵ㹤ʣȫŪɷ׬ǮҲûʲôɣ
㵱ʱΪʲôң
˻ҲǳҸҶ˵һ˵ǷԣҪ˼ҵԭʼɣʵ㲻ҪҲҪ㲻׬Ҳ׬ЩǮ˵˶뷽跨õ⾭õģѵͲҪƶ㲻ܿ࣬ǮѾ׬ˣ֪֪ɡ
˿ȴһص׬ǮҪȫ˻ȥһҲ
̷쭵˵ʲô˻ȥʲô˻ȥǮˣ㵽ĶǮȥ
˵׬˼򣿡ŵʵ
侲صû׬м򣬵ЩǮȫںѧвβȥˣҲֻʣһһҪ˻ȥҾͰһ㣡
û뵽ȻֱŭˣԼһ׬˼ȴǲԼ˵һڱԼʲô
ԼӱԼĴǮίǻôԼ˽ơƳԭʼɷ˲ƣҪ˱ǺԺʧ𰡣
еʹļףһ֮¾ŭҾǽǮҲҪǮ˻ȥ˲ˣ˲ˣ
ؿб¾ȥ裬費Ƕ㱾£ûǮ˼ҽ裬˼Ҳģ


973 æ
ԼӣǸеˣ֪Լſ϶϶òǮԲŻ˵ĻʵȷʵҲòԼǮ˳ȥ
ӳһܣһ˯һϣȻڶһŸδ⣬ⴺ˵Ļⴺ϶ҪٹˣҲº󣬻źܶĺôԼԭʼɿԲ˻
ֵΪһ֮˽͹ⴺûʲôڵǽ˹ϵתԸҶƽˡ
һоȻ˵Ҷƽ֮ǰûʲô飬ദʱҲ࣬ںܶϣǷǳһµģҶƽ£ͬʱּ࣬Ȩѹɷֱ͵϶ҪһҪȥ£쵼ɲȥ
ⴺôǶҶƽһֱѣֱѻǶԸ˵һֱѣһϵıѣֱѽ𣬽԰
ⴺĻ˻˵ⴺʵûбԼﲻκεĲΪһίǣĸ˵ĶݣҪΪĸЧңҪ֯Ϊ֯Ч
һ룬еԼⴺվߣһԸҶƽڱȥҶƽ齲һҶƽ׼
Ժ󣬻ȥҶƽ㱨һ£ؼҪԼų˽ơƳԭʼɣ׬ȡ޶˵һ˵ܵȵ˼Ҹ淢֪֯
ͻȻԼҶƽԺҶƽǶ˵ǣͨúŸɲԭʼɵ£˵ǲͬϳίᣬûɣ
Ҷƽһۣ˵ʲôɣ˵Ӱ쵽ȶҵ͵ҲһܣŪˡ
Ҷƽһ˵˵Ӱ쵽ȶҿһдʣǸɲȶҪȺڵȶҪȺ֪£ȺڻοǵĸɲϻЩûıˣڵ͵͵ʲôϵǾٵ͵ҲҪİɣܲܲɣ
ҶƽĻ˵Ҷг滹ű飬ҿͨú¡
ĻһҶƽʵǣ⻰ô˵ôˣ
ͨúŸԭȵ˽ơƳҲһһҪҶг㱨棬ҵҲ֪˽ơƳԭʼɣһıڸ֪Ǯ˳˵ǮѾĲ࣬Ϊ²跹˼Ҷг㱨һ¡
һ˵ҿһɥӣҶƽǼæʵô£
ǰ֪˳һ˽ơƳҲԭ˽࣬ͨúŵȨ֮ҪԭʼɣԭΪַַʵһָܵķΪίӦַ֧УȴֹôѵǲҲʲô棿
ǰȴеΪѣΪҲǣȥȴǼվһˣȥ飿
ǣɩӵʱ˶ԭʼɣҶƽһʵ
ɥصҲ֪˶ٵԭʼɣ֪׬˼ǮһʴĿ˵ó
Ҷƽ֮ҲǱһû뵽Ż׬ôǮ׬ôǮأȻŸأ
ǣԭʼôô׬Ǯ˽ơƳʱô£Ҷƽʡ
֮˵˽ơƳĸƺжⴺʡͶһģҪˣҵʱֻǲһ£ǲ˽ʱҲ˸ԭʼɣҾܾˣҾû뵽ŻᱳЩԭʼˣ룬ǲ˶ҪԭʼɣҲҪĻǿ϶᲻˵ģԱţҲûʽĹȻܲջ󣬱ǱЩԭʼˣȵҵһУۻҲû뵽ŪôǮ׷Ҹô죿ҽ˵Ĳ֪±˻š
˿Ҷƽƽض˵ǣ㣬治֪飬ɩûʽĹҪҲȷʵпûֵסջ㲻Ҫ׬Щô죬취
û뵽Ҷƽ취ʵҶгʲô취ѾˣҲûǮ˻ȥ
Ҷƽ㲻Ҫ˼취ȡæǮ˻ȥ
һҶƽ˵ǴһҶгɲһСĿ鷳㰡
Ҷƽ㲻Ҫˣ֮Ҳܿ㽫ܵѣҵǰҪץסѱҲû취ˣΪκ飬뷨æҲҪ̫⣬ǮҲҪ̫ϡ
ҶƽĻҲֻижˣҶƽһҪæҲ֪ҶƽŪôǮҶƽԼǮʲôǮҶƽأ
Ҷгֱ̹֯װɣǮϣҾҵĹʻ֮ҲǮծ˵
ҶƽȴǴһ˵ǣͲҪˣҰ㻹ǮҲҪǡ
ҶƽʮּӣǸжԸˣһ仰Ҳ˵Ҷƽ߹ȥļ֮˵ǣǻһδͨúǼ°ɣ
һҶƽ£ⴺ£˿Ҷƽ˵ҶгҸоⴺʡ˽ơƳҲйϵ⵹ϵˡ
ҶƽĿⲻһ˵ǣ浽ô£
Űⴺ˳Ҷƽ̳֮˼ԭΪⴺ֧֣ӶһЩɲ֧֣һкô飬û뵽ⴺȴ˽ơƳйϵϵˣĻ˵˽ơƳҲ棬ⴺһ¡
һһ£ⴺûҪϽоֻû뵽Ըôˣһ黹ӸˣһҲ뵽˽ơƳȥǿһ㣬ŻûͬǵҪ
һǱȽϵĺݰ뵱ԼȨԭʼͣԼǻ뵽һľأ


974 
Ҷƽ̸˻ͷϵĽæһЩǮ˻ԭʼ׬ǮĽǴϰ壬ϵĹͬԣ˵£һˬȻӦȥˣͲ󷽱㡣
ĽʱھǣӵҶƽĵ绰ԵʣĽһȻû˵ȫ֧ҶƽҶƽƣԹųɴ֮˶ˣɱ飬ӽҶƽȻɱ飬ǲƣţܰ˵Ƕôİţ˸еǳ顣
ĽʹӦҶƽֺһʵĽһֱ˽⣬ֻûȥ˽ˡ
Ľ֧֣ҶƽȻͿ԰ɴ£һ£ʱûǮ˻ȥȻⴺĸ߶Ⱦ裬ʱûǮ˳ȥȻȾ󲨣˽̳黹ҪʱҪżҪ²ǡ
Ҷƽ͸߻ǮȲҪѾǮ׼ˣʱˣѾ֪ˣ˾ʲôҲԽ֤
Ҷƽ϶֧֣ǸмĪˣֻҶƽĻãҶƽҪĿǷͨúеԭʼϣҪҶƽϰá
ںⴺ̸껰Ժ󣬾ϣͨúŵܹ˳ڽһǶ˽ơƳƵľᣬ˽ơƳһը㲻ãпܷкܶҲԸᣬҪѺأڵ¾ʧء
ⴺ鴦ãϾˣһ˽ơƳҲǲߣԼԣֻҪһ˭ȥ֣
Ȼƽһʱ䣬ҶƽҪԻһ¶ԷöԷΪõ׷ƵĻԷĸ߶Ⱦȶἤìܣƽţ˽йĿչʵطһ£һһڣġ
ĲǨ⣬ҶƽΪгܸˣȻҲʱ̹ע飬ǹһ˳϶⣬һطô̸ҲǽˣԷθ̫󣬱ҶƽѾ߲׼ˣǱǨȻͬǨ
㱨ҶƽҶƽ֮󣬱ǸеҲǳ֣㱨ģʵгǰôģ
ǰǨҪԶȻҲǸ£ڲôˣֶζ࣬ί쵼ҿǲ£ұԹѣԾǲԸӣˣ黹뷨Զһûкõķӡ
ĻҶƽеһóԴëĸоѵ뿪Զ󣬾Ͱ첻ˣ
Ҷƽôһ룬Ƕ˵ȻϣܶһԸҲûа취ҲҪ˾Ӷߵˣ»ҪԼǿԺúõоһ¶ԲߣŽ顣
ҶƽԶʵʮֲģ֪ԶΪҶƽ뷨ûõģҶƽһˣ취顣
ҶƽҪ뷨ʱ򣬶ȴǴ绰ˣȥίԺһˣ̸һ̸飬ӵĵ绰ҶƽǰίԺ
ҪǨҶƽʩѹҶƽץסͨúǵƱ²ţгŸҪĹҪֻע顣
ΪΪҶƽҲԸԶ²Ǩ裬ĻҶƽͻżҲ
ίԺ֮󣬶Լİ칫ӼҶƽ֮󣬶Ǩȵ£Ҷƽһ飬ǸоԲǨȵҲָƣڰйҪġ
ȻҶƽչ˳ʱʾҶгǨ鹤ǣͷģ⣬ǵ취ȻίǾ͵óǰͷǽ˵ǲǣ
һ˵⻰Ҷƽ˼ʩѹˣ˵г飬˽һȻİ취⣬Ҳڿһ飬Ǿ˽ǲҪһǵ飬ҵҲǸ߾ĹܸߣҲҵҲܳܽҵǽ˽еķչһܴƶá
Ҷƽû˳ŶĻ˵⣬ǵ£ΪʱǹעһЩС£ҲڿŸ£ֻץ£Լٽ˽еķչ
˽бҵĻ˽ԭʱҲȫңֻǽӾ磬쵼㲻ȶⴺһϣܾǻЧ»֪֮ҶƽڵĴң˽кʣȻҵ԰ٽ˽
뷨Ȼһʱ䣬һֱûкͶ⽻һ飬ڱ˵һ¡
û뵽ҶƽͻȻ⣬ɵеЩԾҪ֪ҪҪٵʽҲҪǿϵûһһģҶƽһ飬ܲеЩѹг飬ίǵķţ
ŽǨѹҶƽҶƽһ飬ѹ֮ˡ
һ뵽ˣ˵Ȼܺãǽǿɲһ򵥵£ܽ裬ͽˣĿǰǰѾʵеĹϣ˽еһ£ӦҪͶ뵽ȥǨѵ⡣
˶ĻҶƽǨһᴦõģȡֵȺڱϾֻҪǰѵӦģĿȻоѣֻҪȥʵʩҲδػжôѣͷ뷨ȥϵһ£һܷ˳顣
ҶƽҪľĺܴ󣬶Ϸ¶ı飬ſ˵ƽгѲǨ֮˵ɣҪǣҲҪٿίоһ£ܲʲôоȥǰɣһ޷ġ
Ҷƽ֮ϻصȻǰڵĹȵ׼һ̶֮󣬾пԣһύίоġ
Ҷƽһ˵⻰ϾԵøӲȻתǨ


975 ̸
һҪҶƽѲǨãҶƽȻҲֻܴӦţͬʱ⻹̽йͨúԭʼɷݵ⣬һ£Ҷƽһ֪⻰˼һҪôش£Ӧᴦ׷ĻԺûٴˣӦĻô϶𾯾
һ룬Ҷƽͱʾ鲻ܣ˽㷢ҶƽҪر⣬ö̬ȣһۣûȥֻҪҶƽ׷£ͺðöࡣ
˰죬ʵҲûдﵽʲôĿģҶƽҲ֪ڽϲô֧ڵĹϵòˣһЩشϴﲻһµеȽϿգֻҪʱһʡί϶˶Ҫȫڶ⣬ն˼·޷ȫϾںܶѹľҲǲʵʣһЩĴڡ
ԺҶƽǨ飬һߵͬ־˻㱨Ҷƽǵ
ڴ˴ιȻϣ˾ЩԲǨƺ֯ǵĿΪ˻ȡĲǨȨҲ˵нȻǨǴõ֧ı꣬ʱȴǲ͵ġ
ԭʱ򣬻϶ôģҶƽԺ󣬾ףӦôܽ˽˵ϣⲻʧְְʱǷ뷨ԱԲǨ̸УǨ⡣
ҶƽһǵĻЩʲôˣΪʲôôɣⲻ⵷һ˵ǲ˵ˣһӣҶƽ֪ʲô飬ûȥȥʣֱ˵Щ˵ĿǲóѵģǻҪ˼빤ȡȺǣֻҪȺǣǾܰá
ȻܿͽˣλԶûвμӣȥˣȵһɢҶƽ˰˽еԼİ칫Ҫúõһô¡
ҶƽԼİ칫һ˾ͱˣһǨĽֵΣ䲻ҲǹȽŬʱгټǼгô;ǹˡ
һЩӣҶƽȻͺܺͰغ̸ǨϵνͷͷǵҶƽе⣬о˹ȽǿȵһЩ֮ҶƽЩڵҡ
һҶƽʵ飬ﻹй˼ɣʾЩбҲȷϾǡ
һ˵Ҷƽ֪ʲô˼ɣǶ˵㲻õʲô˵ʲôᣬǾͿԳͷǡ
ҶƽĻһ룬ŴǣָЩҵʵһµ֮ԸôΪԶ֧֣ȥǨ֮ԺΪԶúڵİ׵ֶΣȺڴӦΪڵԴıȡǨڼˣǱŰ취ңǣǺôе
˵ЩҶƽһû뵽滹һ飬Զǲйأ˵Ǩٳ겻ǲԶйأ
þԶӸг뿪ˣȻܶȻҪɫ£֮ǰͨˮغ绽꣬û뵽
ֲҲƴҵ׬Ǯ·̫ˣ׬ǮԶԶҲȥ̰ƣǽıȡ£ͿǼһȡ޶ĲƸ
ȻҶƽȥñþһˣٰ֯Կ͵뷨ʰǣȻǨ޷˳ؽȥ
оλǷǳĲҶƽ֮󣬱ǰ˹ҪνǨָӲָӲ칫ҸΣЭǨˡ
Ҷƽ֮ΪΣֵҲһƼĸɲڵָӲҵΰ칫ҸΣһؼԱܵεְɣǾǶúЯȲǨ֮󣬿϶õΡ
λȥԺ죬֪һϢͷȻǷǳĸˣôһǨָӲǾҪԽֵ칤ίǵĽֵ࣬칤ίǵ֪һ֮ʮ־ȣ֪ôͻȻ֮ܵˡ
ڰΪָӲ칫Ҹ֮ҶƽֱټЩ뵷ҵתһǣһУûκεĺôϣܼþգҪ̫֡
γڻ㹤Щ˴򽻵࣬껹棬Ҷƽȥо棬ǷܴõҲǱȽˣͷǲֱӺǽжԻĻ̧̫ˡ
ڵõҶƽָʾ֮󣬱˵ȥСҲ֪Զʵǿµδػģ˵ܵǵв
ξһ˼֮󣬾Լһ½м棬İںܶೡ϶⣬Լ
Լ֮ξ̸׵ǰƣ쵼ԲͬǨ飬ǲҪŷ£²Ǩ衣
ϴʾܾǵӣ¾߳ŭָεıӾʲô⣿ܾܣҸ㣬ûǵ֧֣ǵĲǨɡ
ֱΣθеǳѿȻ˵ƴ󣬵ôҲǹҵĸɲǵǨָӲΰ칫ҸΣҲǵ﹤ˣھȻܵҲ̫еûˡ
һ룬Ҳָ˵ҸǣǴ̸飬ǲҵģ飬ԸΣԿҿɥĲ񣡡
γҲǲѷӣ¶ʱӻ˱ǻ𱬵ƢһӾץסε죬ȥҪΡ
αһæʲôһ˼æǰȰ˵Ǳߵ˿˾ͲƺˣҲţûд
˫̸ûκνһԷӰθеԼȫˣ̫ˣԼոܵҶƽãȴû˵סˣô죿ֱҶƽ˷ǳŵ£취ȥ飿


976 Ƽ
ʡί֯һ˽пɲ׼˽гҪ쵼֮һЩһɲҶƽ˹ͬӴʡί֯һС
˴ʡί֯ѡһĿʵЭϯһҪְģ˴ǶΣί˴ʱûݣֻЭϯְλ
ЭϯȻְȨǵλߣϾмɲȫзΧŲСӰҲְλЩͷĹԱûʲôǶЩڵسڴĹԱ˵ȴޱȵԶ
Զڱִ֪޷ﵽҶƽͶļ𣬶ҪﵽֻȥְȨλӣҲ˵Эϯ˴Ρ
ԶǳĿģгһְ֪εʱ䲻࣬ܳЭϯǶ˵һܺõ飬ھͿܻܲһְλˡ
Ҫһְλõõ֧֣Ȼʡί֯ĿһõĽǳʲô⣬Ҳһؼ
ҶƽҲ֪ʡί֯˽ɲҲһҪ飬ҲҪӦԣʡί̸֯ĻҪһЩԶ˵һЩȷԶ󲻻ЭϯǸλӣԶӰһֻܻӾ˽еλҾ档
ǰɲʡί֯쵼棬ҶƽʶˣҶƽĹϵҪĹϵõĶ࣬һ֣ñȾñѡ
˽֮󣬾һҶƽ棬˵⣬ͬʱѿľճҲǽ˳Ҫȡί쵼ӳԱĸְ棬ȻƼһм쵼ɲѡȻί쵼ӳԱֱλָԼҪ˷̸ֱٸһ̸Ƽ
Ҫôȶֻ飬淢ҪȻίԱְ棬һжǰͰ࣬Щûʲô⡣
ڸһ֮󣬱ٿֱشϸɲ͸Ҫ쵼˲μӵĴᣬƼѡһм쵼ɲ
Զд⣬Ҳ˹£һЩˣʱͶƱоģһļƣ·ڱصã룬ˣԶȥڰɡ
ΪԶλҲһĹȰźˣʱͶƱȷƱܹ
Ҷƽ޷ֹԶиСϾ鶼Ƿǳܵ飬Զ˽ŵʱ䳤£Ա̫ˣƼĽ׶޷ֹԶﵽĿĵġ
Ȼ׶δﲻĿģôҲ̸ֻƼ׶κúõ̸һ̸Ҳֻ鳤ֹԶһְλ
оǵģ⣬鲢ȫһмɲãʡί֯·ʡίԼʡίβ˵ľȨ󣬵ȻǵľȨβɵΪ
ԴˣҶƽҪȥһβɣԶ˽еһ£˽ҴҵռݸλͶ֮⣬ûԼˣԵص̬һֲõӰ죬ԶпܳΪ˽̸̳Խִǲģðβɽ
ҶƽϣԶƼ׶δȫʤ˰ϸɲ֧֣Ȼ˵ֻǸոչ룬ҲԶΪΨһһƼѡˣȻҶԶ˽еȨҲ΢ʣһߵ֮£Щ˳ڴڵҲֻаƱͶԶ
Զ֪Ϣ֮ǸˣֻҪƼƱѡʡͷӦ飬ôЭϯһְǾǰ϶ˡ
֮ΪǾƼѾɣ̸Ƽֻ˲룬ܷƼʹ˷ҲǲΪˡ
ΪһڹٳϽԶʱһеĴ̸ƼȻ޷ƱϽзЩƱʺţ˾ٱƱΪôƱһͰѱ
̸ʱȻǱԶһ֧֣ΪԶ˵һѵĺûʡί֯Զһܺõĺ
ǵֵҶƽ̸ʱȫ˱仯ҲҶƽ̸ģ֮ĹϵǳѺãҶƽǰָԶڵһЩ⣬Զ˽̳ô꣬ӵռݹҪλãͬʱӵм޶ƸѾβ󲻵֮ƣʱЭϯλļһͣʱȻӰ쵽˽е̬Ҵ˽ϲһЩף˵ûʲô⣬»ǲΪм쵼ɲΪˡ
Ҷƽϸôһ̸ǳӣΪεĿ𣬶ˣеεĿҶƽôһ˵ؼͬʱҲöҶƽ˵ȫһһ֮ķܴ󣬶һκˡ
Ȼ̸û̸ʲôرֻҪҶƽ̸֪ⷬȥλ㱨ˣȻԶƼƱܶ࣬Ȼõ˶֧֣Ҷƽ̸ЩȴעĵطǿеõмֵĶ
һȥԺ󣬱ʡί֯·л㱨Ȱѻ˵һ˵ȻҶƽЩ⣬ЩǳԣҺܼʡί֯޷ԶۣҪʡίʡίβ㱨С
·Ļ㱨Ժ󣬾ǾҲûϣһĻ㱨һ£·β㱨㱨һλ쵼
ȻûϵԼԶ֮Ĺϵ㱨ԺǸԶƼƱ٣̸ƼΪһ˵ǻԶʺְλҶƽԶ֮ǲʲôìܣĻҶƽпܲƫ͹۵ǲô͹ۣԶԶƼĽΪ
һ˵ǸеԶ˽ЭϯģȻ˵Ȼǲ㷴£Ķỹ⼸λҪ쵼ھͿβɵˡ
صʡί֮֯ҶƽҲǸϵʡǣԼβ֮󣬾βɼ棬ĵصβɵסþ˼ѣһ˵ҶƽˣǰҶƽйס档
βɵ⼸ǵѶʶͬѧѣҶƽûмǣǿβɶҶƽǳǼȻҲҶҶƽСһгɳʡίǵסʡίǵĸʡί֮Ĺϵ˱ӡ


977 ʽ
ҶƽβɵһһٷȻ󵥶β̸һ̸飬βɱǲ̫һЭϯѡ֮£Ҷƽһ£ȻѾһʣȻΪҶƽ˵ıȽȷĸɲٽһˣ˽еЭϯһְҪѡ˲ǡ
ҶƽβɽֱӹͨҶƽȣһƣ۶λӱжߣȱβ֮ľΣϾʡίǣôûβɽ࿹ʱ
·ҶƽոβɼԺ󣬾βɻ㱨飬·ı֮βɾǱʾˣȻʹãЭϯһְѡѡˣؾڱ˾Ӷ֮ˣֻҪмɲԱΪѡ
βɵĻ·Ȼ֪ôβɵһ£ֻͬβɶˣҲβɵ
·ͰβɵתһϾţβɵķζԶ˽Эϯϣգβ֮Ի᲻ͬԶЭϯܿΪ·β˵ʲôһԿβɶ֯Ĺץúģ·ʾ㱨
ʡίȻʡͷǵ֣ʵгίƣʡίǲĳίжȨβȨָôȨȻǴ󣬶βɲֱӰίʡίǵְȨʵǱܿˣ·ûжȨβҲûзȨֻȥβһ飬һβκ˵
ΪһеЭϯԸȥβɽβɲӣԼеѿһβɶĲûȥβɡ
ԶһͷŵЭϯΣΪһְλĪʡͷ֧֣Эϯʲôѵ
ǡǡ¶˵ǱȽѵˣ·βɵҪ֮󣬱һ˽ܹʸЭϯһְѡ
֣˽лûбԶʺϵЭϯˣҪ˵ĻҲֻжŹʢίʸΪм쵼ɲίǵְĵ֣ҪЭϯ˲ԸⰡ
Ҫ֪ϴѡгŹʢҲѡ֮һҪЭϯܿɣɣͲֱΪЭϯ֯ϻзȨġ
ŹʢΪЭϯôͿճһίǵλӣλҲҪţʡίǸһƽӦŵְˣǳٳûнְҲ֯Ҫע飬ϴҲǾ˽гŹʢһܡ
ܹܲͬǸһ£·ǲ뷨Ȼβһ㱨Ļ㱨֮βɾһ룬˵ŹʢίȲҪ⣬Эϯ˵Ȼ½ְȽһЩһƽְʱţȥһ£ȻٵȴʵλӰ
βɾ˿ǣ·һǸеȽףȻ·ȥӦ׼Ȼϳίˡ
Ժ·˹ͨһҪöŹʢЭϯͷǸеף뵽Źʢгһְûеϣм쵼ɲίһְʱûȥгλӣ˵ŹʢͻȨ룬Ҳͬ
֮ͬǸȥһ绰һһ׼ӵ绰֮ǾǸеǳˣȫ⣬Ҫ֪ŹʢˣȥЭǰˣԶȴǵЭϯȻҲǶġ
˸˵ûоһվ֮ȨҶŹʢûбȥίһְȻˣһίʲôʸĵ
˶ΪԶҪЭϯʱʡί֯ʡίŹʢЭǣΪЭϯѡˣԶЭ鸱ǣΪЭϯѡˣȥԱ͸гһְշɳ
ԶϵسΪЭϯĺѡˣȻǸûеõκεΣһгһϯȨ֮Ҳ̫ˣһΣԶ˥
ŹʢȻԶλӣҿίһְûбȥְʵǼ˶ŹʢȨ־ţδػԶŹʢкô
Źʢ˶ʡίְţҲ鸴ӣӼϿˣһûȥίһְ˭֪ίǻܵãǵһЭϯǾûж˼ˣǽԳгίʲôģҰ˵仹󣬵глᣬǾǲ֪ܲץס
˽еһ˸еЩŹ֣ԶЭϯһְܣܿΪʡίв֮ʡίΪʲô᲻Эϯһñ
ԶԶҲɶûи򲻻ֽԴ˵ǺΣҲԶЭϯûдﵽĿô죿
ʹԶЭϯҲҪԶҲǶһ
Ҷƽŵֵµͷ˺ܾãŰҶƽһ飬ҶƽһԷֱ̫ˣȻҿŹҵĹԱΪڣԺ˵
һ룬ҶƽҪǿľģ֮Բ𲻵ҪΪ˵İв߻֯Ȼβֱӽǿ
תһ룬ȴַ뷨Ϊ֪ǿĺвͻᵼ³⣬ǾȡĴʩȻȥأ
Ҷƽһ룬ջͷֹǰ壬ȻһѰ죬ЩȺڿֻܵǵĹƻ󣬶ĽЩȺеǾǲƽˣ뷨˸ȥС
ԶѾٵθгӦʶʧȥ˿ɽǻҼƻ
뷨ҶƽûǰֵûȺڵĹѼ˲ֲǨ֤ݣȻЩ֤ݽô
εȻҪҶƽģҲûԼܵίҶƽһЩ飬ӦԴΪٲУ˵һίͲʲôˡ


978 ˫
ҶƽΪԶ󲻻ȥֹǨʱ򣬶ȴǴ绰Ϊ˹ԣȻԶٵθгˣĲǨȻҪԶ븺幤ȽϺá
һӵ绰ҶƽǸеǳߣԶЭϯĿľΪ˲ԶʵȨȴȻԶ飬ôԶŲСʵȨ£ԶӰ죿
ҶƽʾԶһ뿪ٸĹߵķֹø㣬ǨȫȨͺˡ
Ҷƽϲͬİţǲ˵صԶȽǿҾḻȻЭϯˣǹϵ»ǲΪθгˣͲȥˣĲǨѶȺܴҪԶĹŬ
һ˵ҶƽǲپܾҪˣöΪԸæԸ⡣
ڶļ֮£Ҷƽֻͬ˶ҪԶĲǨԶһֹȻܵʲôӰ죬ȻԶȨƶΪ
ഺİ칫ңаһЩ̣Ȼ˵ǨûɣһЩѾ׼ڹаḶֱ́Ҫˡ
ԭǽģȴ⽥нԶഺԭĹϵȽϤڻҪҪ̡
һഺҪ̵ӣʾڵĹ̶Ҫб꣬˭ľǸ˭ģûŵ顣
̬ȣഺǺܲˣֻнϣ̲˳Уұ֤̻˳С
ഺһ˵ǳջĿŵвȻഺǶֶӣҲһгǰ˵⻰
˶ഺһۣͲظ߶ഺȥҶƽΪڵ鶼Ҷƽⷽ
һഺЦЦˣƺ֪ͻӦ⵹еȽ֣ڶഺ֮󣬱ȥҶƽѶഺҶƽ
ഺͻȻҶƽеҲ֣ϾĹϵһˣഺʱȴǹҪ̣Դǲˣ
תһ룬оഺ˵̣ഺ˾Ȼڶһ̽Ӧ⻹ԼˣӦôԴ֮󣬶ͬİ·
ҶƽоֿԣȻǵһ棬һҪǵǣഺҪ̣ȻΪ˵ԭȻҪ˵ഺûаʲôɷɷһжͨȨõ
˽е̬ȷʵһεĵزˣȴֻһгίǣβеģȴ̬̿˱ƻˡ
ȥҶƽʲôһЩ˵ΪˣЩ˵Ϊ֪Ѷˣ
ഺȥ֮Ͼϵ˽˵Ǻ绽꣬໥ϣĹϵഺഺ꣬ùҪഺ֤˳£ֻҪ֪ǱḶ́˾Ͳеҡ
ȻǨָӲ˰ԣԴıȡ棬ഺʱʼһЩ깲ͬ׬Ǯ
̵ҪֻȥҲûаϣϣΪҲ֪Ĺϵˣǹһһ̽ڶԶʵ̬ȣһĿԴΪޣȻӦҪôԺҪΪˣҪγһԸȷĹڵòֵ֧¸޷
ഺŶȨƣ֮ܶͣȻźܶҶƽ˲з㣬ôҲҶƽ㣬һҶƽжı¡
ഺҶƽоսļƣһҪĲǨһռļƣûǵĲ룬Ľ蹤ͻһֻҪǲӦ£˱˳ذѹ
ҶƽǲԼͬҪǵ׼ŶഺܹԵףĲǶԶѣԶѾٵθгһְΪίǻҪ˼ɵӰ죬Ŷഺֵܵ
˫˼ƣҶƽȰսĲǨϣȻ˵İ֯ôھ¡
Ҷƽһ绰ѳܶ˹ܶȻǸڶˣӵҶƽĵ绰֮󣬱Ҷƽİ칫ҡ
֮Ҷƽǿ˿ֳܶһҪ㣬ϣ˳ɡ
ܶ˵ҶгʲôܷԸ
˵ȻǳҶƽ֪ڻվڶǱߣΪܶĻڻñ顣
һ룬Ҷƽ˵ģֳ֪ܶĲǨڷǳҪҲӽβȻȺڲԸǨǵĳ˰вЩȺڣϣǹȥһ£вǵˣЩ˵Ϊ
һ飬ܶһ˵Ҷг˵һȥͽаţҲ֪в飬ò飬ֻҪһϣǾûа취ǲҵʲô֤ݣǼȻҶг˵һȥŲˡ
Ҷƽжǻڣ֤ܲܲݣǾǹֵ飬Ҳ֪޲͸ǽֻҪȥ飬һܲǹֵʵ
ҶƽĻ֮󣬳ܶӦţҶƽ˵ҲܲӦţǶڻ͸ԻȥԺôҪһ¡
ӦҶƽ֮󣬳ܶǻص˹֣Ȼץҵĸֳй飬ֳԺһҲеǳ֣ԣвȺڲӲǨŵ˿϶һҪȥˣҲ˵᲻ˣЩǶǺѵ飬ܿǳֺã겻
ܶһֳô˵ͷһŸڰвݲǨȺڵһЩʲôأ


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ڱ߻ԿǨ֮£֮ܶܳԾҪ֪һһЩ飬ǨȴǨҶƽ֮£ΪźܴĹϵ
һ룬ܶоܻǣһЩϵ飬óȻȻԼǲҶƽˣⱨһ¡
ܶ뵽ϵίԺȻȥҶ⣬ⱨһ´£֮󣬳ܶǰҶƽ˰в߻Ǩ½˳
˻һ̱ؿ˿֮࣬һΪҶƽţлɣ룬ΪǲԶݣ
ΪίǣȻ֪˵ΪԣҲͬô֮ǰԶһЩǨˣͨҪ˵Ĳ룬ֶͨʵ˳ǨˣҶƽԸˣǰһЩСҲõȻҲᵽڻûвǨ꣬ΪҲҶƽٵĹѹ
Ҷƽųܶȥ£ȻӦѹ֪ܶ׽Ȼǰųܶ£˵ҶƽĿĲҪôҪһȷźţǾ˵֪˭ڵǼþգҪȥҾ͸ģҲһгǡ
²ҶƽĿģҶƽ֮ԻȻǱһЩ鼤ŭˣ򲻿ܻȥִûн£ӵǰƷҶƽ˼⣬겻⣬Զǲ⣬绰ԶֹܲǨʱʾͬ⣬ջ˵²ͬ¡
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һ룬о֣п󻯣Ҷƽǲ˵ѹģҪҶƽͬ˵Ҫ󣬿϶Ҷƽ˵ĹϵʵûκεĹϵֻԶһЩ飬棬ʲôֱӵϵ
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һ̬ⷬԶȻ֪ҪҶƽЭ֤ȣΪҶƽ֮ľ𣬶¹޷ɣ𺦵ĻǴҵ档
Զһ룬ͬ˶Ҷƽʼˣٲ֣˵ᷢʲô£ڰȫǣǼþյĺá
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ʱûʶʲôӵԶ绰ǸеĪΪҶƽ޴룬кܶУôֲأ
ԶķԸҲӦԶ֮󣬾Ǵ绰ഺ˵һ£ڸô죬ǲҪǼиȥڵȺѾǸƻˣֻҪǲ˼빤ЩȺڿ϶ǲͬǨġ
ഺȤĽ蹤̣Ǩϲ£ǽкģǨˣҲûˣĹ̻û䣬һûʲôõץҶƽ滨ˣ֣ǨǽвȥĻԽѹ̸õ֡
һļ飬ҲǺͬ⣬ԶֲǲԶľǲԸҶƽȥˣĹȫͶഺˡ
ڶԶ˵İ֮£Ͷഺ˾Ȼû֣ǻҪҶƽ
ڰųܶһ֮ҶƽǴ绰ܶôˣʲôչûУһ뵽кܶͱʾûʲôչûв鵽˭ڲ߻顣
һֻܶشҶƽȷظ鲻Ѳ飬ҿȷظ㣬֯߻һ̾˽еĺڶ֯ŻͨеĲǨȡڵιʱ˽еĴڳǱȽϺõģȻֳѴ̣飬㵱ֳ
ҶƽĻ˵úأܶоðæʾӴȣĻ˸˵кڶ֯Ż֯жϵЩˣΪڳĶܶڶŻȥûˡ
ԼжϣҶƽЦǶҪ½ۣûĺڶ֯ȻǴˣбĺڶ֯ҿǲ̶ͬȵشڣھҪЩбĺڶ֯
ҶƽַǳϵĻֻܶ˵Ҷгһᾡȥģʱ㱨
ҶƽžǶ˵ܶǹϵͳˣʹҪеĻӶץøɸɾҪ̫ȥ飬쵼ڸ쵼ϣܰѹãԼΪֳʹɲ飬ǹԼٺúÿǿǣʡвٵĴ֣òÿչҿ԰ϵʡԱ㣬ǰǣϣ飬ѹ
ҶƽųܶĹ֪ܶһӶհǲԼȥ쵼̫ֱһֱĩߵΪһսϵͬ־ڲŰѱְãǲ͵Ͷ֮ԿĲ
ܾľذѹãҪЩ飬˵ֻкôʲô̫ĻϾòıǮǳܶԺֻΣҵôͲҪٵʲôֳɴֻߵְȥ


980 ץ
ܶҶƽĻ֮Ҳǿʼ˼Ҷƽ˵ڶоˣҶƽʡʡȻһӰɲĹҶƽĺܿܵʡҪʡչĻͻֳǳѿˡ
ҶƽĹ͹ҶƽʡʱѾʶˣ˼ǣ˶ˣҶƽ¾İ¸鴦ˣ˽ег˵ʵڵģҶƽӦֱӵίǣȻҶƽҪίǣҲҪǵĵһ顣
һҶƽίǣֳܲ⣬ܵãڲҶƽ֮ԨԴȻȥչԼҶƽ֮ĹϵҶƽò룬һǺܲǣ
˼ǳгղҲǺҶƽߵһһֳܳΪеӣҶƽʾӰ쵽ǰ;
ܶ˰죬ûҶƽòȥĻûжҶƽһܺõĺҶƽⵣίǣȴһкô飬ֻҪȥ鴦ˣܲ鴦ö
ܶеѣԼҲûκΪֻҪΪҶƽΪ鲻ǾͲˡ
ܶϾǹսϵͬ־滹һУҶƽ֮£ת˼룬ҶƽĹͬʱҲϣ»ҶƽΡ
ʹ֮£ܳһС飬רŵŻһЩ飬ΪԶֶӣͺǮ˵ȥ֯ʲôڶŻϴڴڳУ뵽˾ߣ굱ʱֻһЩڶŻͷϤ߻ԶĹϵȻðΪڶŻһԱ
ǵЩڶŻﱻ֮ͷ˱仯ΪЩŻﻹһЩԵԱЩԵԱûаǵһȥϴ󶼱ˣʧȥ˿ɽǱȻȻ־ۼΧҲȷʵҪһЩ飬˽γΪĵСŻЩСŻΪһ̶Ӱ쵽ΰ
ضԴʮյģֻûȥˣܶоֵľֳȻ᲻ֻ̫Ҫ˽ǿ˽ĵġ
һܶǿʼСŻһܵ飬ŷ֣СŻԱǲˣǸɳԱʮ֮ˣǸɳԱÿʮˣһһٶˣһٶ˿ɲһСŻһŻˣƾչȥɼ˵ŻҲпܵġ
ΪԶĹϵԼԶɽ̽ϴ׵֧֣ǸǳΪͨ¸ոĵܵܵİ£Ȼ̰ҵǮʱĽϴ磬ûνĺʿҿǮƣһ磬ûдڳ֮ǰڽҲǺˣֻû֯СŻѡ
ȵڳԺ˽еĺڶܵش굱ȻǰȻһЩ©֮Ȼ뵽죬ΪµһԱ
һֱܵϺϴΪ٣ڳûǣѹϵӲ£һЩɢԱ£ЩԱΪҪͨ׬ǮΪ԰ԼͬʱҪʱ򣬱ǷԸȥеȽ˳֡
µԼЩʧ֮ɢö±ȥһЩ飬Ȼıȡ˵ľ棬ʱȴǲ֪£ҪȥƽҲϿǵΪ
˵νСŻЩң˵Ǻڶֲ֯֯Ǻܣ˵Ǻڶ֯Ǻܶģӷ綨ǣȷʵһģ֮ЩΪǿ϶ģضǽдҲģؼǷҪ걾˽д
ܶЩ֮ȲܶдΪıԶһЩͨ죬ܺ˵ϻʱѰ죬ڿ԰ҶƽҪ󣬰һЩ¸ץǸֵεǸˡ
ڵ֪Ѱ¹Ǻƽ󣬳ܶ´˶Դ˽ץ½д
ˣͻȻ֮䣬ǲأûκԤ׵أָܶӹԱʵʩץʩ˶ʵʩв߻ȺڶԿǨԱ
˾һúܶ˸е𾪣Ȼ𾪵ͶഺˣǻҪҶƽ̸أЩǰĴ־ùץˣҺԤףûüӦ
һȥĹֳʲôԭץ˵ģֳȻǰͷ˵оִץģֻЭҲ֪ץ˭
һоֵ£Ǵ绰ഺһ֪֪ͷʲôµĶǲҪȻΪʲôץ£
ഺӵ绰ȻҲʮֵףоµץˣֲ֪о˭µڵ׸˭ȥ
첻ֻûͷȥԶ󣬰һԶ㱨һ£Ȼֱ˵ץˣ˵ץ˰в߻ȺǨЩˡ
ԶһȻǾʵô£ѾҪٰǨˣôץˡ
ûԶ˵ԼûаķԸµ飬ǸԶоץˣ˵ģҪģⱳһá
Զ˼£ȷʵһЩã֮ⲻھƣһ걻ǣȥǿɾǹϵҵˣץ˵Ǵоµģ˵Ҫһһ붯ҵûֻҪ붯ǼҵģضǴ
һ룬ԶСһЩȥһ飬ȻϡԶҪ飬һ뵽ĵȻǳܶܶоֵľֳҳܶ죬ҲܴһЩʵ飬˭
Զûʶܶת䣬һе㻳ǲǶҪʲô֮ˣܿܶһԷ׼ڷ̸һ̸飬ȻʱȥһܶķӦ
ܶץ֮ǰǿ˸ֿܴڵĵǶни棬ҪǿӦʹԶʵûֱԼԼȨǲ̫ģΨһǶ̬ȣ֮Բ꣬ҲΪǵԶĹϵһȻԶԶȻҶ⣬Ǹʱ򣬶һ棬ЩΪˡ


981 ͻƽ
Լܶ棬Զ˽һ飬ӵԶ룬ܶûоܾȻǰҪԶţõʱ򲻴˵
֮ܶԶЦеܶкȻ˽ܴ󣬵˼ҳܶǹֳʵСԼܶʱǷǳĿ
֮˾һͲͣھͲ͵ʱԶǲҪ겻ܶʴ˻Ǻ⣬Ա߽ӻ˵øץˣ˵оµϵǳĲ˸оҪƵģһ
ܶһһ˵ȻԶֶרԼԷԭ򣬼ȻȻҪӦһͱʾȡֹܵͬ־㱨ûʲôֻЩ˵ΥΪûʲôϵ
ܶǷʲôϵĲ²⣬Զ˷ģ˵ľ鲻ð졣
˳ܶĻԶоûеʵ飬Ϊȥ־ȥ˵鶼ãȻоʲôܶûн
һ룬ԶЦ˵¾֣ץˣڹȥǴ˵ģ½д𣿡
ܶһ˵ǰˣڵȻ½д֮ǰûгʲôٽ´ǲԵģˣǻ㱨ͬ־ˣȽأʱȽ϶ӣ߱ȽϴҪ½д
ԶԳܶһ̽ܶشؾأȫǰշɰ£ʵĻʵôȻܶԷȻõ飬ڳܶȥһӦ֮⡣
ԶǸе⣬Ҹһֵģ˵ץܿһźţһҪԸźţ꽫ϢݸǺܼʱġ
һ룬Զ˿ܶ˵ȡ¾ܷṩһ±
Ҫˣܶæ˵ҪȡҪֵͬ⣬Ҳǣľ
оܶȻ⣬鶼ԸæԶԸŹֱʵȥ֣ܲܰóȡ
Զ󲽲ƣܶҲȫԶӣ˵һԣԸȡû
˳ܶĻ֮ԶǶ˵꣬ضȥֵ쵼һȡ飬¾Ҳͬġ
ܶһ˵ǽ͵ջҪľҲ˵ͬ£Ļͬ־Ϊѡ
Զ״ǹһЦ¾֣ҿôôŰǰȡ𣬲Сһ׮ѣ¾˵ǲǣ
ԶֻܶЦЦٽʲôֱ˵ʱҪ棬ðѻ˵̫أȻͷҪֵ쵼˭ܰȡ
ܶЦŲ˵ԶҲ֪Ҫȥ棬ܰ˸ȡô黹һЩ˶ꡣ
Զ˳극Ժ󣬳ܶһ룬Ǹֵ쵼һ绰´ָʾһҪҶƽ㱨һ֪ԼĹɹ
Ҷƽڽӵĵ绰֮ڴµһ㱨еԼȰ˵֮£ǿʼȡˣֻҪܶܰ˼£ȻԸóܶҪʱ򣬰ȥ
ҶƽָʾܶһҪץס˲սǣ˭ҪкԳųţѰһǳɵȥ
һҶƽţܶǸеѶȺܴ󣬵Ҷƽ󣬱˵˽Уʡôһ۸ӵĹϵ£ųȥһЩӣʲô
ܵҶƽĸȾܶһʱᶨ˹ģҪС£»ܵ˵ĸţڿЩ̫С΢ˣֻҪԭ򣬸øʲô͸ʲô±˸治ɣ
ûȥ£ϵʱֱȥĿȻǺֱӵģҪóܶŹУȻóʮڳܶļóܶæ
Ǯ·Ȼ˵ļֵ׼ǿûǮ첻ɵ£ֻҪǮʲô鶼Խ
ԼϵĽܶǿһۣץߣȻˣ֪ϵҶƽǧټƵضԸ꣬ڸʮһ£Ҳˣǽӣʵ壬
ֲܶԸҪĽȴΪܶڿ˼ֱãֱתˣܶѽ˸Ļᣬȵܶѽһͺðˡ
תߣѽܶ׷ϲžǿˣѳߣ֮ܶǿǰĽ
ʮֵٵǮüĹʣ⿴ƷŽĽӣȴǺɫģùģʮٰѰӰȥˡ
һͨ񾯣ջʱܻԥ壬ȴһоֵľֳһҪ쵼ɲֽǮջӦ֪ξ񣬲Ӧֺԥ
ǸоǽӵջѾˣӾļô죿˻ȥǽȥº֪
ԥʱֵ쵼˵绰˵鵽׸ôѾˣ˵оͬˣô죿
һͨ绰һӾͰˣѾ氲źˣ͵ٸֵ쵼к˾ͿԷˣڻƽոͳ쵼ĵ绰Ǵˡ
ܶæ쵼йעʱܷţŲһ
ֱܶ˵˵Ļֵ쵼Ĭһ¾ǴӦҪȻ˾ǹҶ˵绰
һĳ֣ܶƺ࣬ͻƽ𣬿û֪ʵϱ˶ܿóè壬˭ɵӣҪ׼ţȴ˵ҪţҪ˵ûʲôèǲŹ
ҶƽҲ֪ģȵҶƽһ֪˶ˣοȥ뾡촦⣬ȻüӰȥ
˵ڶһ磬ܶ룬Ҫ˸꣬ˣ껹Ϊ͵ˣҪԶģúݵĴʩݵĴʩǰѻƽ𽻵ί֪ǲȡĲģҲͻʹˡ
һ룬ܶͰ죬һ磬㿪ųֱмίԼ˼ίǻ˵Ҫ棬˵һ£һǴӦˡ


982 빫ά
û뵽ܶϽƽģӡУܶһСĵˣִ󵨵ľٶ˱˵ϽЩ֮⣬һ㲻ô
ڳܶƽ𣬵㻹ôģ飬ܶʾһ𰸼ĵ˸͵ģܵҾˣҲûü׷ȥھ˭Ͳ˵ˣһ𰸼ĵˣȥԺ󣬶ԷӦ֪԰ʲôյˡ
˳ܶĻǰŰɣôˣίҲ˵˼ʲôӦԿ϶ĺá
˹õǼᣬѻƽȻܶһ֮ܶˡ
ܶһѻƽϽʱ˺ܶ˵ĶҶƽҲ֪ˣǸܶһ绰ʵô£ܶͰͻƽ˵һ˵Ҷƽʾ̾ΪĶԣЩϲǮͻƽˣܶ򼸴Ǿ͸ˡ
ºܿǴһûȻܶû߱˭͵ģǳܶҲ̫ˣҲ˵ܶӣܿǳܶҪֵźš
Զ֪ܿ飬ҲһʱúͶӴһ̸̸ˣܶľٶǳΣգȴǲ֪˭ָʹ˵һ־ٶܶһֱǶˣ˵˲ǡ
֮Զǰѳܶı˵ʱҲ֪ܶ˻ƽˣеܶЩˣûüȥҳܶԶǹ˵ˡ
һԭ͵ĻƽӾ͸оԾˣѵܶҷʲôìˡʣԶȴǰ˳ʶǲǶԳܶ¹ʲôָʾܶıΪʲô쳣
һҲǸеܶıЩ쳣ûиܶ¹ʲôָʾڳܶΪʲôôѵ滹
ϯȲ֪ܶûұھİҲһ㱨˻ƽȴҲûһ㱨ҲǸеΡ˵
Զ󿴵ֹ糣ŶӦûкͼٻǽ˵ܶӣҿбģ˶Ǹɵģ£ȻǺܹģڳְܶѻƽˣֵ÷зҿºܲˡ
һ룬ҲǸеȽش󣬳ܶһƬƽĺһƯʯˣƬˣҪһƯʯˡ
Զ֮󣬶ѳܶ˹һ飬ܶӵ绰ֻܹл㱨֮󣬱Ǻ˻ƽ顣
һ𣬳ܶǰͻƽ½˳ʾ֮Ҫ˻ƽΪûȥȥͬ־참֧ͬ־참ԭҲֻû˼
˿ܶеûԼ˵֪ĻĶǿɣһΪʲôץѣ
ܶһ˵ûаץֵͬ־İӣֻȡ㱨ѡ
ʱһû˰ӣ
ܶϵûȫͷİӣȻоҲ˰Ųģûʲô
һۣصʲô鲻Ҫңûҵ֧֣ĹǺѿչģԼҪ
ǳˣܶæʾǣһίİţίҰ˸ˣϷˡ
ܶ˶һɫ䣬еСԭһˣԭ˷Ӧίˣί֪ȴ˵ĿĲսء
¾ֳίûȨˣȨһЩίҪµˣ㿴Ű죬Ҳ棬Ϊ֮ɣһĹȥĳƺֱӽ˳¾ֳɫǳ˵
һ˵ܶǸеȫˣͨ뺣Ҫ죬ôǲڶˣǻΪĵˡ
ܶҵæʾȥԺƴ⣬ί⡣
ֱ̬ã㲻ټɫο˳ܶ䣬ܶǺ˵һỰˡ
ӶܶѹίǣҶƽг˵Ѱ죬ǸеѰˡ
ΪЩеףԶ˵Ϊǳ㣬ίǲȥǴлΪȴԼЩˣǿίǵķϣԶĻ
һ룬ܶԼƽˣҲˣ˵˵ȥ߶ֺðҶƽ֪û񣬻Ʋпֳܴ
ܶԸȥҶƽ㱨£ٻ㱨ĻҶƽ϶ΪûԼ취⣬һȥʡˡ
ʡǣܶͻȻϵάάǴڶӵĶӳһЩϵҶ˵Ҷƽţڵʡǣβϵһ£Ȼһæ취ǲҪʡڶӵͬ־ٽϵȻʡָ참ͿųһЩˡ
һ뵽⣬ܶоⲻǵʡǾ빫άϵάĹϵ̫죬ǿ϶ʶһҪԼάҲûƴǡ
˼֮󣬾һطԷȻܶǰ˽еά˵һ£ʾ˽лҪһĴڳ񣬵ڹȽѰʡ֧֣֪ɲԡ
˳ܶĻάһ룬ڳ鱾һѵ飬ʡһĹɣҪҶʱ˲ٺڶŻڹڳ񣬵ȻǷǳѣֻҪ׼Ѱʡ֧֣ǿԿչģȻȡʡ֧ǺҪһ¡
ܶͷ˵һỰ̸Ҷƽ˽е飬֪ܽάҶƽϵãʱǺһҶƽ飬ôеõһЩϢԱԺӦľ
˳ܶĻ󣬹άǰҶƽȥһЩ½ʾҶƽһ쵼˲ֻͬҪܸ»µˣһãҸ˼̫࣬Ҳῼǹϵʲô飬ֻҪã˼̫࣬ûϲġ
ȻЩһĴŸ˵С̣˹ֵˣǲҶƽˡ


983 滮
άǰҶƽһЩܶ˽ܣ֮ܶǸеЩܵ𶯣ҶƽһֱһǿƵ쵼ȻҲǿƣҶƽǰƺûжٵҪԭǶⱾһЩϲȷԣ㣬ҲҹҶƽ˺ƤȥһЩ顣
ȥŶߣܻһ·ߵ·ȥǸȦӳһ֮ͭһ˶ԶǮȨˣҶƽǲͬҶƽϲ˽нʹҲֻǷûʲô˽飬򲻻˵ҶƽȨ͵еԭʼɶ᲻Ҫ
ҶƽĳֱӸ˽̳һ֮Ҷƽ֮Ҷƽֱе̨һгĽĿʼһϵֱ̨䣬õµĹʣȻһЩ߽н⣬Ⱥڷӳнһʱ֮õǿҷ졣
г쵼ȺֱؽнӴӵĴҲúܶȺ֪쵼һЩ̬ҪȺǾ˽⵽һЩ񣬶ƽʱа
ɹǣгúܶัгò¼ֱ߽䣬ȡȺڵʣȻȻʱ̣ܶ׼ʱȴǺܳȻش𲻺ǾǱȽѿˣ쵼ٸ߸ϣȻȺ֮ľ룬ӮȺǵ
Ҷƽһٴ벻ȺڸеһĸɲҲǸеҶƽһ·磬һʱ֮Ҷƽ˽зͷȴǸеȻ޹ˡ
ҶƽԴͷͷ˹άĻܶǸеվҶƽһˣҶƽ̫ͬȴͬϦ϶ҪӭųȥϦĵҪ
ѡ񣬳ܶűȥʡѰ֧֣Ҫ֧참׼չһֵĴڳʡ쵼ȡ֮󣬵ʾֻҪͬ־Ը참ʡȫ֧֡
ڳܶ뿪֮󣬹ά̸Ҷƽȥһ绰һҶƽ֪ʶܶᰴҪȥˡ
ȵʡǻֱܶȥҶƽȥʡǵҶƽ㱨һ飬ԼµĴ㣬ǾֱӰΪĿ꣬ʡ֧֣Ӹ
Ҷƽһʾͬ⣬ΪƣһʲôгĿ˽бȽϻ𱬣ҶƽбҪĿصĴƣȻܶͻȻȥ꣬ǳĴ
Լ֮Ҷƽóܶ׼ȻרһӺƣȫڳĸ߳
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Ҷƽ֮ܶ󣬲ûдĵҪʼʲôһжǺԵƽǱ˵ҪûбȡеԶڸк֮ƺҲûзǳļ
϶ȥС£ڸ̸ܶ껰֮ûȥˣԶֲٴθкֻΪûóܶȫģ˱ôˣĿǴﲻˡ
һǵЩĴڣԶо֮Ҫ£ҪԭΪǨ飬Ǩ˳ɣƲӰ쵽ʲôˡ
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һԶ˵ô£ȻͶഺ˵һʾǨ黹˳ɣҪٸˡ
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һʼִģĳн裬Ǹ潻֯ʱҪ֪Ͷ붼ڼĹģ˽Ҫ뽨ΪʡһǳУн϶ҪͶܶࡣ
Ҷƽ˽е滮ô⣬֮ǰʱûпǵڣбҪһ£ȡרҽй滮ǲݲݵ˽ѧĽھͰи滮ˡ
ʱ˽е쵼ǷһСı仯ŹʢȥίһְʡίǸһƽ˽ίǣȻ
һƽĵ˽е쵼ӹַһ仯Ҫ֪һƽ֮ǰŹʢ֮оֶ֧ŹʢģһƽûʲôڸһƽߵθǣȻʲôܵĽӴ
һƽĸһʡθҶƽǳ죬˵ҶƽϵУһ뵽ͷǸеЩʡίİ̫ˣǲίǰȵظȥˡ
ĲڸһƽҪ˽еͷϣҶƽʡһƽ棬ǣȻǸһһҶƽһ绰ʾһƽ˽һ˽
һҶƽǱʾͬˣܻøһƽ֧֣ǵȻһǳõ飬ںֶΪأ
һƽһҶƽʶ죬ίϵĹɾͻᷢһҪ仯ԭҶƽҲһһͣĬһˣڸһƽίǣҲһڳίռһƣΪҲֻίҲǿģڿ˵˭ҲѹƵ˭
֮£ҶƽӶĻȥĹ滮ǾǶԲס˽еϰˡ
ˣ㰲ֱڳίҪ˽н¹滮飬ΪԭĹ滮һ覴ã˽еķչҪ뾩ǵרǰ滮˽ѧרҽЭ
⻰һϾţеѣ˵֮󣬸һƽͱʾͬΪڵʡίڼҲǲι۲ٵطĹ滮ƣΪ滮һҪ߱׼ܼ򵥵ع滮£ÿѧ滮һλ
һƽΪһո˽еĸɲóԼһ࣬˸егǱóй滮֮аҶƽæͬʱҲöеѹίΪҪ½й滮ĻһƱίķʱиߵҶƽߣҪǵ顣


984 
ίϣһƽ˽н¹滮µ¶ҲʵɽзҶƽǱʾ滮²ܲʽУȻҪ㣬һҪúһ㣬ֻܱ֤˽еķչһǰλã滮һ飬бȻ顣
Ҷƽ仰Դҵ𶯺ܴ󣬳ίǲɵصͷǣһо޷ȥҵʾ滮¿ٽоȻҲ˽ѧרңǹ滮²С£ԵһЩרҹٰһ¹أȡøһЩ
̬͵ͬҶƽˣҶƽҲö̫ѿʾҪ飬ȡ˽еĹ滮һҪȫʡǰС
滮ˣȻмЩۣҲû̫飬뾩֪רҹһνп滮˽еĳƾһǰհҰˮƽ
Ҷƽڻ׼ǰרƣʱ򣬳ܶṩһڶ˽дڳƵһ
ģڲ鴦һѰ°ʱ⵽˶ԷΧŹ򣬵ˣǿҵᷴ졣
龭ýıܵǵĹעⱾһƵΪǻûйٷı̬ܶڰҶƽϣҶƽΪгһơ
ֵҶƽ̨гҶƽ˵̨֮󣬱ӣʾ˽ΰĵǣЩ񾯶Ҵͨϰվ͸ǲҶƽûʲôõľٴʹʩ
ҶƽʹڵĻ֮󣬾ͱʾ˽һֱ߶ΰ˴¼ķ˵ǵĵǰΰŲٵ⣬ȻܴһĺڶŻЩ˵ΪΣһԲĴڣһҪһӴڳĹȣر֤ȺܹҵܵһЩӵɧţ·ȷ˽еṫڰȫ
Ҷƽı̬Ȼǲڵ̨ϣⱨֽҲ˿ǣһʱ֮γһҪΰƣܶһҶƽƹȻھͿǹοչˡ
Ҷƽڵ̨ϵı̬ڼĬҶƽԽԽ͹Ĵˣΰһ飬Ҫб̬ЩԴȲûͨҪҪдڳӦίֱҶƽг˵㡣
һ绰ίίίƽƽҲˣƽӵĵ绰֮󣬾ֱļ֮󣬶Ȼ˵ǱߵĹʵö಻ࣿ
ƽʵĲ࣬ʲô鶼ܶæţһ㲻ȥǵľ尸
֮˵ίǣЩùܻҪܣԽλҲʧλҶƽڵ̨ϵĽ㿴ûУ
ƽҲ֪Ҷƽڵ̨еı̬ǱʾҶгĽҲˣȺΰ£ҪץΰҲףǾôǻҪоⷽһûüܶ
ΰóһϳίۣڻǼ쵼еľ߱Ҫϳίᣬһ˵㣬ҶгڳȫûкҽҲֱ˳ҸоףҪóԼ
ƽ֪˼ˣҶƽﲻҶƽгȻ˵ΰҲ£һĹίڹܣҶƽΪгҲԽȨָίгָиΰΣҶƽĻȿҲԲҪίġ
ƽʾһȥͰŴ£óܶһύίۣΰίзȨġ
ĿѴﵽЦЦû˵ʲôҪƽԼҶƽΪҶƽһЩþһЩˣ·ίƵġ
ƽȥԺǴ绰ܶóܶİ칫ȥһˣ֮ܶг£ʳܶʲô̬ȡ
ܶһʾҪҶƽΰãȻȺڶˣЩڶӾǵΪѾ춼ˡ
Ļ֮ƽͱʾܶҪȫеΰγһ棬Ҫί㱨ͬʱĴʩҶгı̬ûгίͬ⣬ǲΪķ룬ҪίҪá
ܶһоб䣬Ҷƽı̬ʲôˣȻƽ˵
һ룬ܶǵҶгѾӦȺˣҪصΰιҵǻǰҶг󾭳ίͬˡ
ƽһ۵ܶҶгֹʲôӦڳίֱڵ˵ǲʵġ
ܶһ˵ǹҲɲţǲȥҶгᵼȺڲģҽ黹ǰҶг
ܶһȡҶƽƽ֪ܶҪҶƽˣ֮Ҫ£ҲܶйأȻͿֱҳܶˡ
һ룬ƽû˵ʲôóȻύίᡣ
ƽԺ󣬳ܶ绰Ҷƽ飬ҶƽһҲƽϵ̬ˣÿһ˶ԼеȨУԼֻԲһĹƽǲˣʵȫûбҪΪ˹ڰ
ȻԼ룬ǲ˼Ҳ룬ҶƽĿƣǲҪίᣬֻҪܰУʹȥϳίᣬѵ˸ΥȥһЩ飿
ҶƽóܶȻύίϽۣҶƽĻ֮󣬳ܶŷȻҶƽγһݱύƽ
ƽӵһһ룬ûκε޸ģΪҶƽȷģֻҶƽֱӸѣƶŵĹӰ첻٣ָܶûаΰܺãҶƽĽͻҶƽʱ⣬϶ҪеΣҶƽʲôȻҶƽеΣαȥΡ
ڶҪΪίǵϺȨھôѵĵĻֱָʾܶôαڳίϣֳԼأ


985 ԼϪ
Ҷƽûвμƽл㱨ΰĳίᣬΪȥˣרϵڳй滮֪רǻĽ̩Ѿаʮ꣬ù߿ѧ
Ҷƽ뵳Уѧϰʱ˵˽ʱҪæгй滮ƣôһ̩Ҳ˭ġ
˾֮Ҷƽһ룬óȻȥϵλ̩²ôòҲһܴﵽĿģʱС
˭ȴǲ֪һȦ绰ҲûһйϵģҶƽϪһ绰Ҳ÷Ϫܰʲôæֻ˺óʱû棬һ棬һԸʲôġ
һҶƽǣרŴ绰Ϫǳ˵ЦϹ档
Ҷƽ˵һطط˽פ´ṩĵطѡһططĻܰʺһʲôģҶƽ֧Լ˾ط
Ϫ˺ԶطȵһҶƽʱ򣬱ſ˫Ҷƽһôˣô˼ɣҶƽֻýס˫ӵ
ƽ磬ڵгˣҲˣǲǹٵˣͲ˰ϪɿҶƽı۰Цһ۵ӿҶƽ
ҶƽǺһЦ˭ԲôҲС࣬ʱ٣ûʱϵʱҲ٣ʹϵҲ㡣
ЦźͷϪ˵ŻҶƽϪԱߵλã˽š
Ϫ궼ʮˣһֱûн飬ҲǺżȴǲյģй⼸꣬Ѿһв㲿ŵĸˣոȥģʱεʱרŴ绰ҶƽϢҶƽΪеܸˡ
ϪֻҪев㣬Ǿ˲СȨмͥȨǲСҶƽʽԮҪ󣬻Ϳֱһˡ
һ룬ҶƽǺЦ֧֧˽еĹʽ϶˽нбһ˵ϪЦŴӦţû⣬ֻҪʲôʽ㡣
һϪţҶƽҲ֪вҲһȨԭҪֱȥ쵼
Ϫһ˵һɫѩĳһɫĽ£ͷѾɢһŨҵŮζ
ҶƽóʱûмˣһɵĶԭʱϪִ磬ԼǰСŮڷϪҲ˵СŮˣұÿʼ
ŷϪַģҶƽǲֱӿ۾˫۾ҲǶǵģ¿ȥᣬ÷Ϫ뷨
Ů˵۾˵۾оҶƽľٶʵӲϪ۾ԼĴ绹ʮֵŵģֻҪһ˾Ͳܲòͷס
˿ҶƽϪЦ˵ƽ磬ҿڱ˰
Ҷƽһ̧ͷ˵ôˣЦɣڿг
ϪЦƽ磬˵㻹ϰҶҿأǲǳ̫ѿ˰
ϪЦЦû֦ҲģҶƽһüһԭ˵ģʱĿ⿴Ϫ˭˵Ҳҿģھǿ˰Цһ㰡
ҶƽڿԼϪ΢Цƽ磬㿴ҳñǰƯûУ
ҶƽϸضȻЦ˵ҿûǰƯ˰
һҶƽ˵⻰Ϫһ˫ִҶƽһ£ƽ磬̫㣬˼˵ڱǰɣ
ŷϪ˫֣ҶƽæЦ˵ǰƯڽʣŮ˵أǰӵĶˣ
һҶƽ˵Ϫ̴۾ʵƽ磬˵ѵʱƯӵҪ
ҶƽЦŵû˵˽ʣÿÿǶǴҪģ㿴ңҲôгʣ˼ңͲòңʡ
ϪһǴҶƽһ£ƽ磬˵ʲô㱾г˼ܲ𣬵ʺʲôϵ˵ʣø˹Ƶģ÷ܺÿ
û뵽ᵽ㣬ҶƽǴЦ˼ҷʰ˵Ųٵ׷أ
Ϫһµʲôʣ˵ʵ˼ǳ˹ֵĴʣҿɲҪʲôʣҾҪƯƽ㿴һ㲻ƯңҺøġ
ҶƽЦôģݰﲻƯҪĵģƯƯһһֵе˱ӲƯӣͲƯͣȥǿɳ˹ˣڵʺܺãҲƯ˵о̨ʲ˵ΪʲôҪ˼ǿأ˼ҵİ
ҶƽĻϪȴЦƽ磬̨ѧĲٰĸ˻ֻŮ˵֮һϲɫԵؿŮ˵գҪǳóˣŲ˿ء
ҶƽǺһЦ⻰Щˣÿ˶ģ㿴˼һܳŮ𣬲˼ҵſǺͻݵİ
ôˣƯҲ߱Ư˴ŵ⣬˵ǲƽ磿ϪȻ˵
Ҷƽһомֵ˵Ϫ˼άȻ뵽뷨ҿ
ϪЦҶƽоʱȤֱһŮӣ֮ǰûзһġ
ƽ磬ڱǰ᲻˵ѩƯϪЦһ¾ʵ
Ҷƽһ˵˵ѩʵҲôƯ
ϪһЦָҶƽıһ£˵Сȥѩ˵˵Ư㿴ѩôƯˣ㶼˵ƯҲ²ûԽƯŵԽǲҸ˼ԼƯһ
˿ϪҶƽЦϪ㽫֪˭ݲؽأ
һ˵⻰Ϫ˵˭Ҳҽݲؽһ˹ͦá
ŷϪȻЩӣҶƽϪѵһ˵
ϪҶƽһۣصҵǲأʲô취ʶҪѩ磬ʲôأѩȵˣ


986 
ϪһҶƽʱȻʧЦϪôʱ˵ĻѵԼ
һ룬ҶƽЦŶ˵Ϫ˵ģôãôһֱһأһˣ̸һ̸ȴĸһ¡
ҶƽĻϪƺжһЩ֪ʲôӣҶƽǲ֪˵ʲôˣתƻϪһ£˵˲
ȻҶƽ£Ϫʵƽ磬ʲôҰְһҲС
Ҷƽһϲʵİʲôģ
ѧңҰְϵܺãҼңҲϪ
һҶƽȻǸˣæʵˣְܲҽܽܣ
ϪЦֱȥҰֲ𣿷ֲǲʶҰ֡
ҶƽҲЦҺóʱûˣһЩˣȥɣҪȥҲС
һҶƽ֪ϪЦҶ絽ܣ㵽Ҵȥɡ
ҶƽǴӦһ˾һһ᷹ϪоܿĿ֣˷֮˱ǷֿȻЩᣬǷϪǿųԼˡ
ҶƽԼļңƽѩڼأһ㼱æӭҲǺþûˣƽѩһҶƽ
ñʤ»飬Ҷƽƽѩӵ˺öһŷֿҵ֪ѾҶˣǶء
һ˵ҶƽҲЩ˷ܣͷϪһҲֻ죬ʲôҲ˼ͿԷһˡ
ƽѩƺæȥϴ裬ȻҲ·˽ȥǿôԣصǡ
˵ڶ糿ҶƽһˣƽѩȻں˯뵽Ҫ죬ȥҷϪϵУ㼱æ
ƽѩѣҪȥҶƽ͸Ҫȥһ¹滮רңϵй滮Ƶ¡
ƽѩǴӦһ۵˯ȥҶƽȻ뿪Ϫϵӵĵ绰ϪǸֱңƽڼء
õһҶƽֱǰƽļң뵱ҲȥƽļңֻǺóʱˣҲǲ̫壬Ǵµķ֪ˣǸȥ
ǸµĵطҶƽϵϪȻҵƽļҡ
ƽļҶƽǼƽóʱûƽˣһ棬æǰץסƽ
ƽڼˣûƽԶߵλӣҲֻڼˣڿҶƽƽվӭҪ֪ҶƽڲǵǸССҶˣһһгˣҲһǳеλˣԼӦ˼һء
ƽ֣Ҷƽһײ˾ԱߣһºƽҶƽڵһЩ£Ҷƽǰ˽еĹһ飬Ҫгй滮Ƶ¡
ƽ˵ͷʾҶƽ뷨ܺãȥнȫ쵼Դôɾôɣȱ滮ƣڶǽĿѧߣߣǻˣҪ뽨óУù滮ǱȻ飬ֻҪй滮һҪ߱׼Ϊ֮Ӱ쵽쵼˵ʩ
ƽĻҶƽǣԹϵ˽нع滮ơ
Ҷƽһ˵ҪƽЦʾˣҲһٽ˵ˣһԣֻҪԸ⣬˽еĹ滮һá
ҶƽҲǵģᣬǮ붯Ϊʹˣһ˼ʹǮ˼ҲһӦ˱˴нܲУʱ˱ڣͲˡ
ƽܰæϣȽϵĴ󣬰뷨һ˵ƽǴӦ׼ȥеļȥУһе̬ȡ
ϪҶƽƽʱֻԱţû˵ʲô۾ǿҶƽϣƽҲʶҲûа취ϪҲʵĶڼҶƽб֮ҲŮ֮䲻໥
һ죬ƽҶƽǰеļеļҴһεСԺ䣬·һʿƵģƽҶƽҶƽ϶Ҳһ֪ڲͬϲḡˡ
меſڣƽţһȽӵ绰ߵſӭƽҶƽһֻа׷ԲԣǾ˶滹һλ̫̫ķˣҲܴˣ·ǽɡ
ƽЦסе֣Ȼе̫̫һк߽еļҶƽں棬вû̫ע⵽Ϊƽ飬һġ
еļҶƽҲ˽ȥϪҲˣҲʶֻǴ˸кȻҶƽ˽
ºƽǺһ죬ȻһҶƽΪҶƽֻһˣû뵽һг˵ȵƽ֮󣬾ǸеܾȣʱҶƽǰѴϵȺòҶŵϣƽȰźõģҶƽȥеļҪһЩʲôƽһһϵȵĺòҶͿˡ
ƽ˵Ҷƽ˽פ´˸׼ãȻҶƽѲҶһеûпΪϲȲҶһ㲻գֻղҶҲƽ˽Եʡ
ҶƽгĻеҪúôҶƽһˣΪҶƽ俴ȥᣬڼгˣƽʶ˵λ˼ҵӵܣӵܣҲЩûģҶƽ᲻һŹϵг
һ룬ҶƽԭҶƽһ֮󣬱٩٩̸˽еķչ滮ᵽ˽еĹ滮һֱȽ״̬滮ã϶Ӱ쵽еĿɳչ֮ҪеĹ滮һǷչһҲеİһҵ֮
һҶƽ仰ǲƶ̾Ҷ⻰ĺðҲýһǸй滮裬ΪҲΪƯյĿĻΪȺаҵ֮ȻǾ᱾ĩƿ϶ǲܳ־õģҶֳнǻҵǲܴѧѧ˼ֻڵƷֶȥӣʵ򵥣ѵչ˵ڣôǵơ


987 붯
Ҷƽôһ˵ȻõеͣҶƽеǾ棬Ҳûж룬ֻ֪ΪгӦǵȺڵİҵ⣬гʧְ
ƽҲû뵽лôϿҶƽ˵Ȼӵ⣬ҲҪǵԸֱδΪӾǻͬҶƽҪڿϿҶƽĽһЩġ
еĻ֮ҶƽģеȻһ֪ĽѧңѮ˸еͯ棬ֻҪĵһȥ˿о˵ļӣгߵϡ
ҶƽǸоĵñȽϿˣƺҲϲ˴򽻵Ҷƽ˵Ĺ̵л˵һЦ
һĵĵţƽͷϪƺ˶ˣǷϪֱߵе߱ˣ˵ġ
˷ϪĻкǺǵЦÿμϪǺܿģֻҶƽ죬ûͷϪ˵Ϫʾˡ
Ϫôһ˵ҶƽҲЦһߣ÷ϪһᣬһԺƽ˵˵
еļһ磬ȻбҶƽڼԷƽпһ¾һгԷ
ڳԷʱоǺҶƽ˽еĻһҶƽǸоˣ˵жȤˣҪ˽һЩȻþô
Ҷƽǰ˽еϸؽһ飬󣬾˼ȵ극ʱ򣬱Ҷƽ˽ҪȥƵĻȥһˣʱҶƽš
Ҷƽ̴ϲʾȥ֮ø׼ӭ˽Ӳ칤оǹЦʾԼʲô쵼ȥʲôֻȥԼıְѡ
е̬ҶƽǸˣʱ֣бЦĴ֣ʾҪֻҪӦһõġ
ҶƽȻеƷ񣬱ƽͷϪһ뿪еļңȻ·ƽҲʾŸлƽЦŸ֮ԴӦ£˵ŬֻδУȥԺص׼ˡ
ҶƽȻǴӦƽҪ󣬷ϪҲףش˴ǳ˳ŹҶƽǺһЦˡ
ҶƽȥԺ󣬳ίѾٿˣƽΰĹȻ˵֮ǰҶƽЩҪչʲôڳĻͷˣƽ㱨󣬶⵹û˵ʲôϾ£ܷԿչģֻǲҶƽû㱨ѡ
Ҷƽһܶǹ㱨˳ίϵ˳ܶĻ㱨ҶƽеûгԼϣίỹ˳ͨҪǿΰһɹؼӴȣΰˡ
Ҷƽֺ֧ͳίľ£ܶ㿪ʼչ׼ŴһҶƽһĹҲʡ˶ĹϿɡ
Ҷƽڻ̰ȥǵ˻㱨ȻҪ㱨Ͼ⻹ųн쵼С鳤أҪǵȻҪ㱨ɶϿɵġ
Լİ칫ȡҶƽĻ㱨žǶΪҶƽȥһ˾ǾȻ붯˻Ľ̩УҪ֪˴ηǳ룬Ƕⲻ߱׼Ƹ߱׼滮Ϊȥ˼˾ҲһЩ֪רǰƣ˰ȴ˼Ҹܾˣʾûʱ䣬ڹƻ֮ڣöȣܵȵüأһǻֱ˽ѧԱƣҲһֶΪˡ
ҲǶе˼˰컹ˣΪ˼ôߵ̩˶ûʱ䣬п϶Ҳûʱ䣬û뵽ҶƽȻиˡ
ⲻǶݣҶƽôиöģҶƽȻ˵ͨƽĹϵ˵Լ˾֮ҲǶ෽סڴסȻȥŰݷãǴģȻͬҪ
Ҷƽ˵ⲻЩɣôô򵥣ֲϸʣϸ˼ҶƽҲ˵˼Ҷƽı£ǼҲûãʡʡýӴһҶƽռͷˡ
һ룬ǸеЩʧ䣬ҶƽǰֳʲôһҪʾ֧֣ǳӭطй滮ƣʱһҪ߹ĽӴ
Ҷƽʾвϲͷ¶棬߹ĽӴͲˣ͸һʮ־׵ĵطϢþˡ
һǱʾǹ֪Ľѧңô󣬻ԵطǸƣǳأҪʡ쵼㱨ʡ쵼Ӵһ£Ƚ׵
ĿҲһĵҲǳڹϵĿǣʡ쵼֪ˣһҲǲʣֲʡ쵼֪ʶӺרҵӣοһλ¸ص֪ʶӣ͹쵼˶ǳ
˶ĻҶƽǱʾͬ⣬ҪҪʡ쵼㱨һ£мһ棬֮顣
˾ǰˣҶƽ֮󣬶ȴǷ֣ĺܶ飬ڲ֪䶼ڰҶƽ˼·ˣί󻹲òҶƽЩţȥҵﻹί
һ룬Ǹеƣһ뵽ҶƽڵĹʵܶԻֵ֧ģɺˣȻ֮һֻҪҶƽһ˼սĵλͿˡ
οһԼģʵԭһĵˣǲ֪ôģԴҶƽ֮ľͿʼʧˣ֪ҶƽڴҶƽֳѹס
ǵøյ˽йʱҲǺҶƽһ緢ģǽ˼г֮󣬾ͱò緢ǸоЩǵ̫࣬ҪǣǸ˵Ķʼ
ⶼⴺйذⴺƴȥˣҲõʵݣ˽еίǣͷǿ鿲оЩȥ
˽ơƳ£ʼһϵĸȻѾȥˣÿ£ͷԻһЩŴڣȻʱö˶ԭʼɣܴ󰡣С϶ǲһģһȵ⣬ܲеЩš


988 е
ܶίίľ飬ԼҶƽָʾʼȫзΧΰ⣬Ź񾯵ķŻﱻһ򾡡
ضЩ˽ʵʱǵ̬ȼΪţôϹصĵ飬һΣص˵ȻǱȽߡ
ؾǼӴѶȣһӴѶȣЩ˾ܲס˾ǽűǵģһר̽ϱо֣Ȼֽ˳ܶ
ܶڰҶƽָʾĿľҪѻյϴεǸ£֮ǰԶҹͻƿڣͼԣڽһĿչͰôһ㣬һжжڸĿĿ鷶Χ֤ΣԣʱЩ˾޻˵ˡ
Ź񾯵Щ˾Ȼ˳ô˷ӵĻ԰в֤ЩƻΰĻӹϵУ֮Žܵ֯ϵôͿ԰϶Ϊ֯ŻǺڶˡ
ܶӵ֮󣬱̴ǰѺ⼸˵ĵص㣬˽ص֮󣬰참Ա㱨⼸˶ǱˣǵıɡǴ񾯲ǲ¾졣
һⲻ¾ĸ֣ܶЦ껹ΪԼ˽еϴˣѵ˽жҵģ
ܶﲻ룬ҲС壬Ͼ˽ͷ˵ǮƵļˣеٵģо̵ģֻģڰʲô°ڲƽ˼ҵ֮˵һˣڹٳϹĹְԱҶҪͷĲҵ
Ҫ궯֣û㹻ǿ֧϶ڵλӣҷԴ뷨Ҳһ׵¡
ڶѾˣֻҶƽܰѰӰãҵǮƣԶͷ쵼Ҫûһǰ涥ţǶסġ
һ뵽Ҷƽ鴦˼ʱ¬˹һ쵼֧֣ҲҶƽ𣬶Զֻһ쵼ţƣţù¬˹¬
һ뵽ܶĴֻҪҶƽ֧ŻᶥסѹѰӸȥûӰȥġ
Ϊ˶ס꣬ܶϮһļˣһǹȥЩȻ֮ϵͬʱҲҪһϵеһЩɢӣǵһЩСΧȦ¡
ǵϵ㷺ڲвϵеˣܶڲصĹӣһԼȽŵùˣһǲûбֳҪԸ˼ֻǱʾ˭ֻҪ˷Ҫд˿ȥϸִָоһ̬ûҪĶԸ˼
ټٵ̬֪Ҳò׼˼֪ʱ򣬳ܶʵѾ׼ˣҪһ䲻⡣
ܶԻǱȽϹõģȻ֪ܿЩץС춼ìͷָǹشûʹоȻЩ˱ץˣûйϵزӦץҲץЩ˵ĹϵֻһõĹϵ˵ΪԼСܾͻΪԼСܵģǵһʸУǮ߱˺ԼõϣһС첻ǴŰ·ѡ
ЩϵУǮƵ˲û⵽صĵ飬ҲûʲôɵĵģֻǶԳܶڵ̬ȼΪһֱĶԶ󣬼ʹһǧҲҪ취˰ѳܶ¡
ĻԶûжɫ겻һˣȻǮٳٳϵĵҲ˵ֵܶһǧ򣬼ʹֵһǧҲ˵ǮܰƽģϵǮὫʲôˣ֯һǧͻѳܶ𣿲ܵ¡
ԶԳܶһһǻɣСҶƽһˣһҪΰжǳ֮ǰܶıЩ֮ǰĳܶһŬˣûеʱʡĶ˽еĴڳҲʲôɹͻȻƺʲôá
Զһ룬Ҳ飬óպͶ̸̸ö⽫ܶ»һµĹֳ
ȻҪöѳܶ϶˵͸һǧȻܰˣؼǵҳܶɣ˵öеҲв˲С
βһ֮ܶìأԶ󷴸һ룬ͻȻһ⣬һ룬оǳĺãǴ绰顣
Ҷƽ˽ʡ֪Ҫ˽нһеƣʡίβɺʡӼһС
д˴ǰһˣһŶҪóеĹ滮ƿɲһ˵飬ԱһŶӹͬС
ҶƽһʡȥУ֮齱ݣȻβɺ͹һֽӼҶƽ˾š
֮ǰβоʶΪβйʱ򣬾ƸеǱ߽й滮ƣ˵һѵĹϵˣӼ˾ǿԵģһ˵ˣβɲܲҲӴһ°
βɴЦסе֣һϣȻǷһ˼Ҳ΢ЦߵԱ߶
βɺ͹ֱеԣ˶ͬԼʾҵŵˣֻ˽и滮ƣûҪ鷳˵˼ڿȴǲò߶ˡ
ôǫ飬βɱǱʾϵǶǹļ֧֣˽ǽʡĵڶУ÷չͻͽн輱ϣ˴Ϲгй滮ƣʡίʡҲȫ֧֣ҪֱϺһел϶Խʡİ֧֡
βһô˵˾ǸеΪһרңܵβɵأôһ¸صܹ﹤˵ȫҶƽģͲɵҲעҶƽ
ҶƽʱֻһʡίʡҪ쵼ĴڣҲǲ͹Գģοǰ滹ίǶأֻβнжԻȻһЩҪڱ϶ѡ


989 г
βɺ͹˻УһһٲͣڽЩӭʽ֮вڶҶƽͬ뿪ʡǰ˽С
·ϣҶƽ˵Żڶ⣬ǵһμȻǿһЩΪеԼβɺ͹ӣһҲҵöҪͷˡ
֮ǰҶƽ棬ĵúͶʵǺɵţûκεľ֮⣬Ա߿ˣоҶƽƺʶǸеʮֵ֣һô͵ҶƽʶģҶƽһֱ¹滮ǲΪʶһֱûиѣ
ʵǺ˼룬Ҳʳ˽֮˱㰲סҺõһܰĵص㣬еרҶźãе֮󣬿ߵĻȽŰǺܸ˵ס
˼ǰѼίίеһΪнӷϴȻеڶ쿪ʼвϲĽӷϴֻҶƽרҳһٱ㷹оϢ
ڶ죬˽ѧĽǹУЭȥһЩ飬ǵ֪ǰǶǷǳĸˣ̩Ҳһеķ
ٿίίᣬʽон滮飬Ҷƽһֲٰģ㽨Ҷƽ𣬴רһãƷʱõίۣȻ˴ľ̨ṫзЧƷ
ҶͬҶƽʾһȫ飬רҸ˽еʵƳ˽ʵʵĹ滮Ʒ
һҶƽȥУĿչоǸҪƾҪ˽ȥ˽һ
Ҷƽô˽ⷨ˵ԼгǳһȦһ֪ˡ
һҪҶƽ˵ôУʹˣɲгȥųȥһɡ
ЦһµСҶгǲСͷˣӲʵĺܣгûκ⣬˵Ҫųȥۻܿʲôڵ쵼ϲųȥӲ칤ʵһۻ˵쵼ɱ
ôһ˵ҶƽǸеЩˣƽʱĺгȥ˽⹤ڳֳ˿Ȼתˣ˵ҲһֹŻȻڽͨ߷ˣųЧʣȱٵϢˣгȥ˽˳·ԺȺڶ죬Ǹоǲһģ˽Ҳ϶һ˵ӲʵۻǷǳеġ
Ҷƽæ˵ϣҪǿҺһгȥһҲϲųȥ˽ǰӵģһ˵ȥãȥ˽⵽һЩ֮ǰ֪
ЦЦСҶͲҽˣȥȥĺôǹôһгȥ˽ǵҪʱ䰡ȥʡʱ䣬ЧʣҲǺ£ֻһҪ³ؿһ˽һ£ͿˣۻС
ҲǺ˵ģҶƽЦЦо˼Ūгһһȵ濴һ˽
ԱгҶƽΪʲôҪг֪֮ҶƽҪгȥһһԱ׼ͬҶƽһȥȴǸǣñһȥҶƽһȥͿˡ
ҶƽҲǲͬȥһȥˣʲôģԱǸеΪѣҶƽ·ϳʲôô죿˵ʹˣͻʲôô죿
ԱǰиҶƽҶƽһҲǣûκε£бϾˣ·ϳʲô£ûһţǾǺ鷳£һ룬ͬ⹤ԱһȳǣǲҪ֪صӦ׼
֮Ҷƽͺһг濴һ˽Ļ
רʱûиһȥֻҶƽгʻסıһųĶʻȥ
˽еĳнЩڼУϳΪҲǵίǨԭҶƽг֮󣬾ߣһӣ˺֮󣬾ûʲôˣﳵٶȺһһ߿ΧҶƽǽԱߣһΧ
СҶӺҪȥ˽ˮڽѧҲǺģһûˮǾûӹᴩУ˽еһ·˽ʱоǶҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ˿˵ȥضҪˮᣬûˮûȥģ˽иոսʱҲΪԭڹؼΪ˽츣
е˵ͷҪúΪ츣֮أǸڵ໥ϵ¥ӶԱϡ٣ðҿҪи죬Ȼ򶫽Ⱥ˳ҰӵˮҲˡ
Ҷƽһͷʵίд⣬һֱûеĻһͿ԰չ滮򶫽Уٽеķչ
Ҷƽתһ磬ԼǸеЩۣеľȴǻǺܺãлȥԷȻɳӡ
ȴ˵ǾڸҸСԷǼתԻȥһתһתҲС
ôһȥţҶƽһСȥԷ֮˾һ㼸嵭ĲˣҲ˽еɫˣƷһ¡
׼ʼͲͣͻȻ泳ҶƽڳʲôԼںһԷأие˽طã
Ҫȥʱ򣬷ϰͻȻͷλܲܵԣпˣûطԡ
һ˵ҶƽֵʵǲǿΪʲôҪԣ
ϰΪѵص˼ˣûзˣǲԸ⣬ǲˣҲһġ
ϰ⻰ҶƽǺȻֻˣҲǿˣҪһĻԷȴҪǵȥԣĵطǳӣôеȥԣдˣϰ˵ǲΪ֮ղ泳ʲôأ


990 ˮ
ϰĻҶƽǰŹϣ߳һô£ǿмڷĮ̇ǰţлмƷˣӺǹ˰ˣںͷϰ彻ţϰͷ˵Ż
ô£ҶƽŤͷһϰϰﳤúмɫزҶƽʱҲûȥעϰﳤʲô
ϰһҶƽ£Ǵ⼸λ˵Էǵﲻ𣬱øǰһ䣬ǷѾˣֻǷˣó
ʲôˣҶƽϰ֮ó˼ǿԶǼƷ˵
ϰˣǵ˺öˣҲûа취ҪźǣҪȻ˰һǵķͲøˡ
һϰ˵Ҷƽ˹ȥʱǼżصŷŷأͷ쵼쵼쵼Էҷǳ쵼һʣ˭֪ԱѾˣ쵼ǲ⣬û˰ĸɲ˵ϰһҪڳһ䷿쵼ԡ
϶¹˰ˣԷϰ岻òȥҷ䣬ȥҪҶƽ˸ȥЩȥԷ
˹ȥ֮Ҷƽǿ˿ǣʵҪԷ
ҶƽϺʢȻǱȽǿӲԷԱһҶƽ߹ͻȻʵ⣬ҲǿӲػһǸʲôģ˵⻰
ϰԱ߼æ˵ҲǷĿˣҪ䣬ֻķˣǿȥķԷ
߰ɣһͷģ˾ǲҶƽҪֱҶƽķȥϰƺҲǣҶƽͬⲻͬǹȥԷˡ
ҶƽһüһЩҲ̫ԵˣԼ䰡ֵţҷ滹пˣǾҪȥ
ЩһŲͣסʵϰô£ûаźã
ϰæҶƽ㣬æͰѷøǰɣ
һϰӣҶƽԷҲ֣֮ҺҵĿڳŷҳԣǷĴ֮
ҶƽǿӲ쵼Լĵ̣˾ȻǿӲøôĻԸⰡ
ˣôˣóãί㣿Щ˾ָҶƽʼ˵ˡ
һ˵ԼƺԼòԣԼӦøЩó䣬ֱ̫Ե˰ɣ
ˣҶƽһ䣬֪ǵǲǵˡ
˸ʲôǸŹƷ˾װͰ͵˵һ䡣
ҶƽЩ̬ᣬȻԼΪгֲܵԼݣûа취ֻóֻ˴һ绰ǹһ˽顣
ǣǲͬó䣬ҪԣԡҶƽϰԸ
ϰһǷѣҶƽȥҲǺǵģ⼸Ҳǲûа취ˡ
ҶƽǣֱתˣЩ˸оûӣָҶƽ㲻ߣ˵Ǿˣûţ
Ǽ˾˻𣬿ʼҶƽˣҶƽһعͷǳԼˣֹסŲô
Щ˾˵ǵǸղƾʲô˵ǣˣǵǰɣ
Щ˾ȻǵǸҶƽоҲǺ⣬˵ǸԣҪ֪ǵ֣ȻҺһһǸ
Ҷƽôһ˵Щһ㶣Ƚ֣֪ǵ֣ѵº뱨ǲɣ
ɳͬ־ôûһ˾תһ䡣
Աи˾Ǽæ绰Ȼ˵Ϲ
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һֱߵҶƽߣСʲô£Ҷƽ˿Ǻߵһ߸⼸ǵˣԷҲǰʲôӣץǼ
Ҷƽʱ˵Ҳˣ츱ʲô˼ˣҶƽץȥԷƽ顣
ǼһˣֱҶƽȥ֪һЩʲôˣǲǵһЩְν쵼ҲֱֻŵһЩ쵼Ҳ̫Ϥ˲ʶǣȵҶƽ֮츱ξֱǡ
Ǻ÷ˣ츱˵ֱϴʵ
һ츱ƣЩ˾ǸоãЩʲô˰ǻ
ôˣЩڳˣǸоԼϹȥˣҪһˡ
һˣ츱ŭ˻ʲô£ץҹ
һ⻰Ǽ˾ǲˣ׷˵츱ô˵ģʱɳҲˣǵĵ͸ˡ
ɳţƵĺܣһ˹ָ츱εǸʲôģȥһɳ
츱һɳɣǸеܺЦҪҪǵĳ¾ֳϳ
һ¾ֳ֣ɳıһһӲҶˣȻһʱ벻ĸ¾ֳ˼ᵽ˾ֳͱĹٴǰǸʲôģ
ȫҳȥһûС츱ֿ˵
Щһʱ֮һһ㶵ģˣôôҲԼݣ
ǸʲôģŻǰɣԷʡ
һǻԼĻ츱ξָŶԷͷһһУԱ˹ȥǸ˲֪ʲôǸ˹ȥ
ȥԺ츱ξǰһ˵֪ղԷǸ˭
Էһˣһæ˵ǲ֪ˮˣ
츱κһǽ˴˻ˣһǽ֪˭ˣǸղŲײһҵİţǿǲˡ
Էһɵˣһղŵ飬ĵ˳ˣѵг


991 ·
ôˣЩæ츱飬ʾһʱͿ£츱ΰæ˵˵ûҪ׷ǵΡ
˿Է츱ҲǣžǾȫ뿪ˣȵǶ֮󣬲֪ҶƽĴ쵼ղǳײ쵼ˣ֪ȥԺ᲻ʲô鷳
Ҷƽص˷䣬гŷҲûй淢ʲôŹ滮Ƶ£ʱʲôǴŲġ
г극ԺҶƽгȥתһת²ӣҶƽľ
ϣҶƽźһȻһԷһһĸܣȵ극ʱоǸСҶͲúһȥˣгҪҺһȥҪʲôЭģٸ㡣
һ˵ҶƽǵôУôұչ˺
ЦûбҪõĺܣ󣬵ã˾
˵ĵǣҶƽǺǵЦȻ˵ϣˣʲôҪܺ˵
еû⣬ҳһ£˽ĳй滮Ǳ϶ΧչԺΪеᣬӶ
һ˼·Ҷƽͷϣչ˼·Ҹоܺãǰֻ뷨ûо廯һǸǾ廯ˡ
Ҳûп˵ǰϸĹ滮óϸĽ˵
Ҷƽг극˵껰бȥϢҶƽҲǻصסȵصסԺ󣬲Ÿоᱳʹгл̫ˣȴǿȥûʲôоλƽʱע
ﳵеķʽɫһڽӽȺڣĸӣۻϰҲʶַܼǾǺˡ
һ뵽֣ҶƽͻȻ뵽ڷЩɲһ뵽£ЩˬЩɲָʹԺȣһָֻţûԷķ仹Ҫ˸ó
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һҶƽ绰˽£츱μæ棬˵Ǽ̬Ȼԣ֪츱κ󣬶ǹԹԵˣûٸµġ
츱εĻҶƽһ룬˵˵Ƿ˼ҵķǮ绰һû£Уץ˼ҽˣŵɺͳ
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ǼȥԷ˾Ǹеͷɥģû뵽ᷢ£֪гԷٸǼҲȥԷⲻǱùߵ
ܴ֣ίҲã´ȥǵҲһӰ졣
ίǺ֮󣬾Ǵ绰츱α棬츱оĻȽϵλҶƽӦ⣬绰󣬾ߵҶƽİ칫ңһ
Ҷƽڰ칫һ˵ͷ˸ˣһ룬ǷԸǷ˼ҵǮҪ˼﹫ԺȣǸ֣ܵһͨȫнһ飬һûǷ˼Ǯ˼ҷԺȵ飬ȥʵһ¡
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βתֲķΪгְΧȻҲԼְ𣬵ְ˵ίǵΣƺûиıַ뷨Ҳ޷ȥǿ˼ңֻܴԼ𣬾ҪȥմЩаҪ
Ҷƽһ£Ҳûа취飬ͷҪͷμӹԺȣųȥӲ칤ȲѣҪ·磬ȺڿһԱò
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ֻг칫ϽһҶƽҲûٶ˵ʲôⷽעһЩŴҲаɡ
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ȻҲǸŴ⻹ܶ˵ܶڱ˶ǣΪ̫뵱ǿǺ֧ģںˣԶǲˣ˸ôɱ
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ȵ֮ļ¾ŶഺഺֲĹ§ұģúǿġ
ǲ֪ôģţһͻȻöഺǳˣഺһִһƣļһæ鿴ȻǲģҪഺǸ
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֮һֳ֪ഺ˺˾ƣѰأҪѶഺߣഺǴ˭ҰߣǾֳҡ
ഺĿܴ󣬶ļǲ˵Ҳûлóļľ죬ഺΪţҲ֪ˮˮǳ֮˴ߣֻ˵ܣ˱ˣܲǴɳһ°ɡ
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ഺһ룬ҲǣǶֶӣʲôһ룬ǿдʱǲٷϾȥɳһ¡
ഺϻ죬ö˲ʶļϻģʵҶʶǼξֲûΪ¶׷ഺµΣǲĵҪ󹫰ز鴦ഺˡ
ɳ֮󣬶ഺƻûѣؾԼѣഺҲˣɳ˯ˣȵڶһŷԼɳоⲻԣǶֶӣþץˣûӰ
ഺѾ˹ֱ˵̷ҳȥһҪҪǾֳҡ
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˭ҪӷɣˣҪΡض˵
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Ц˵ģҲ˷ľף˵޹ء
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Ҹǣð¸ǵľֳǾֳ£Ǵµġഺһ˵
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ŵʱ껹ˡ󣬻Ǽ˵뾯Ĺϵ
һ꣬ഺǼææԼŪȥûûӰȴǸֲǱ߱ƵĽزҴᴦ취ء
ഺץˣʵڲУ߶⣬öˣȻˣȡʲôʩͲðˡ
굱Ȼ̴ӦҪҪģǵģᴦ顣ഺҲ꣬˵еǲȥˡ
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ܶʱ֪飬˲ûно־ֳֱ绰֪ôһ¡
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󣬳ܶѹ־ֵľֳ־ֵľֳҲ֪ʲô飬ǰѷֳֹܸйֳֹܸһǱʾȷʵӣ׼˲ȡʩء
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993 
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һ룬ܶ뵥ഺ̸һ̸ϾǶⰲŵ飬ഺһģö֪Ǿĵģʱഺĵطһ档
ഺȻʶģһ֪׽ˣ˵͸ܶкˡ
ܶԺ󣬶ഺż˵¾֣˲ҴģҪңҪҡ
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¾֣ͷƣɲǵĻǮҿԳҲܳеҪǮҶഺһ˵
ܶһۣ˵ܣ⳥ȻҪ̸ģ˼ͬͬȴǲ˵Щ˶˵ָʹģԼһ˷Ҳûð飬ҰˣԶǵӰǲã뷨̸ܺһ̸ȡǵ½⣬Ȼٸȡȥˡ
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취ɡܶ룬ഺ̸ȥˣ뿪ഺһо鲻
ֱӳųܶص¾֣㲻˰ͽҶţ㾡Ҹųȥ
ֻܶǵ˵ͷȻ˳ȥԺ־ֵľֳй˵洦ΰöڶǹ֣ǲ洦İӾûˣǿ֯⣬һҲܷţͿͿ𣿡
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뷨ԶǹߥǸеˣǶԶ˵Һƽ̸ˣҸͷŪߡ
Զϸ˵ص̫Ӣˣðˣİɣഺ°ϣ뷨ƽ
ഺʵа취ƽ
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994 ҪԳܶ
Ҷƽӵ˳ܶı棬йضഺ֪ܶкųܶԼʾӣǳܶ˵ܶͬ־ĺܺã˭˷ɣǶҪһͬʣΪʲôϵʲôǾҪһ棬Ⱥڶ˾ǹעƽǹ֪ˣ׵ذ鴦ðɣ⣬ڳҲҪӿٶȣǸոƾпȥһע⡣
Ҷƽܶһ˵ܶͷҶгͷİɣҪΰʱôΪĳһ˶˽ŶҲҵģڳ飬ڼӿ칤ٶȣڵĿǶסŻֻҪʱ죬Ǿʵʩץ
˳ܶĻҶƽǸеǰһˣؿһ˵ıдһҪСһЩȻǸҧһڣ黹Ƚ鷳һҪ֤ʵֻҪ֤ʵ˭˵Ҳûá
ܶص˵ͷҶƽⷽмңо飬ҶƽȻҪúõҶƽĻȻ׵ذá
ܶ㱨ˣҶƽȥҲ飬ֶӳ£ͷһǲˣܶ£϶ټϳܶڵԼ᲻취Ըܶأ
Ҷƽһ룬ò飬ķ飬ǽǺܱ£ͬʱҲóܶһվôܶԭĹùˡ
һ룬ҶƽñֹԳܶȡʲôֶΣֳ֧ܶѹã˽дڵĺڶҪЩܵ
ԶӶ֮ͷǺܵ⣬Ϊ˵ˣ֮˵ȫΪƵļıഺ֮Է飬ȫһֲ߻ģΪ˲߻ɹԼ¶ˡ
ͻȻഺĹָʹģŵ³֮ǮȻᰤƣǿǮķϣǴӦˡ
ֻһžǼ¾ɿȻഺھֲһֲıȻǴ֣˸ˣһбϿǶഺָʹģΪഺ˾ƣӣָʹ´ˣǷˡ
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ϷһഺȻҲǾ첻ֻǸо°ƵͷϲҲ벻
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ıʵˣͳܶ˶˵ܶûǵɵĺҲû뵽˸ӵƣڶŶԸܶѳܶĹְֳȥ
ȵԶȥ̷֮Ը뷨ѶഺŪҪѶഺŪǾǼ򵥵ĺܣֻҪɹͿԡ˵̫ˣֲľģҲҲģ˫һ⣬ܿʹЭ顣
һһЭ飬ؾûٶԶഺ½йѺȫȡȡĴʩ˸ųˡ
ഺһų֪֮Ҫм꣬ûһʱлȴǺ˳ܶ
ȥߣ˵ܶӣһǡ
˶ഺĻҲǲˣʵǶѿڳ˻Լǰ˵˵ǣǲ˵˶ഺ䡣
֪Ϊʲôôˣഺ˵˼䣬Լ壬ܵҲûʲô
ڶഺ֮һ£ڳίͻȻ˵ҿڵΰԽԽôί֮ǰо飬ҪӴΰȣֱҲûʲôɼƽǣһ顣
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ĿȻԳܶģҶƽһˣƽһһͣԳܶصĹӦ˵ǱȽŬģҪ˵һʲôɹҲǲܵ飬ԣƽĻЩǿѣ˵˱Ҳȥ˵ʲôҲǴſֵ뷨ƽԼԼ֣Ĺܵأ
ĳίԲҶƽܲܶ˵˵ƽһ˵꣬ǵͷ˵ܶҲһϹˣǲôľǲǲ˽˰˽ɣǾʡҪһ˹ƽǣ̸̸ܶȻȥʡһܲһܸɵľֳʡûкʵѡʹ˽ڲҸɡ
˵ǳҪˣʱû˵ĻƽͻʵʩƻˣôܶȻ޷˽иȥΪҶ֪ʧȥһֵΣʹȥҲʲôΪˣֻлʡһ·ߣ˽Ǵȥˡ
ĳίһʱ֪ΪʲôΪ֪ܶǰϵǲģôӣѵʲôì
еĳίǲ֪ܶı仯ڶഺ£Ҳֻ֪һ֪ʲôֻ֪ഺץˣȻֺܿͷˡ


995 ͦܶ
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ҶƽǱԼ̬ȣʾܶԳܶ½ۣҪˣͬ⣬Ҫ͹۹ضԴܶ
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ܶһǲصǣίʲôģǲǶǶв֮
ܶҲֱӵ˳ƽһ˵ȥˣôи˳ɼĹܾûһ㱨ˣڻϣҶûΪ˵˵ô죿ҽ㵽ʡһ£ʡȥɡ
ƽȥƺΪܶǣΪԼߺͱְһһȽѿܶ뿪˽صʡǻǱȽˡ
ϳܶ飬ֱ˵ҲȥЩһûɣߣ˵ǰû㱨ҵĴھ㱨ҸҼ֡
ֱܶ˵رԼ̬ȣƽһʱ֪˵ʲôһ룬ƽ˵Ĺв֮֮ҪĹ죬Ҳ֪㶼ʲôҲûп죬ֻʵίϱʱɱҡ
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ƽһ˵ô˵ίҲǲΣ㲻һ㱨ҾûĹ˵ֻܸ߳ίᣬֳϸ񰡣
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δػ̸ֱ£ǺпйأòҪڸ飬ܴ󣡡


1000 ʡ˴Ľ
Ҷƽ˵ĻҶƽ˼ⴺҲ˽ơƳĸйأôǸˣⴺڱϾǸʡˣⴺڸƵԭʼɣôҲ漰Υ͵⣬һֻ̳һܵķ籩ˡ
ҶƽЩ飬Ͼ֮ǰѾô£ٳʲô飬Ӱ쵽ʡ֪飬ȴȥ뷨ĻҲУһЩìţⴺȥʡ£ȥǲȥ
ȥⴺ϶ˣͻỳʲôˣҪȥһˣⴺһ棬ҪⴺھͲʲôɡ
ʡһҿĴƵⴺһϯη֣ҶƽʱȻʮֵУڽһҶҶƽЦһһ֡
ⴺԱЦ˵λϰ߽ҶгΪҶһʱǸĲ˿ڣ
ǺһЦҶгĿԶҶ
ⴺ򸾵ĻǶҶƽһִʾһֶҶƽ׽УҶƽǵдȻĿĵģǾһõϵȻһЩ顣
Ҷƽֻ΢ЦʲôУɩ㻹ǽƽȽǡҪʲôгġ
ЦǸãԺҾͽƽֵܡ
ԭҶƽʱ򣬵Ȼ˼ֱӳƺҶƽΪƽֵܣҶƽ뿪˹ⴺӣΪ˱ʾеȻԳƺҶƽΪƽֵˡ
˵˵ЦЦ˵Ц֮Ҷƽⴺл˾ȻһԳԺȺȣ̸ʲô⣬ȵԵĲʱⴺǳ˵ҺҶг˵顣
̻⣬Ȼͻһ˳ȥֻʣҶƽˣҶƽ²˵ʲô£ȵһϣⴺЦŶҶƽ˵Ҷг㵽˽еʱȻǹȴ˲٣һһЩԵĹгҼרҲй滮ƣʡίΪ˽гö˰
ⴺôһ˵ҶƽǺһЦֻǾŬȥ˽еĹҲʡҵ֧֣ûʡҵ֧֣һЩҲǸɲġ
ⴺЦҵ֧޵ģֵ֧һ֧֣ҲʲôرֻҪ˽еĹãǰίǾǺܸˣ㿴ʲôҪֵ֧ģһȫ֧֡
ⴺĻƷǳ֧һ䲻ʲôرȴЩ٣̸ֻǰ࣬ⴺػʲôҪ
ȻһᣬⴺǶҶƽҶгԶôģ˽еһȻЭϯ˽лŲСӰ
һʣҶƽһ۵ʡ˵òԶȷ˽еܸߣͷһЩ»ҪɣҲǺұ˶ҲǱȽõġ
ҶƽȻû˵Ļⴺ֮󣬾˵ԶȻһ̫עӰˣ˽о⣬ٶһЩӰ죬˻ǲģ˵ֶ걻ץˣҿҲûʲôӦǱȽϹ˴ģûͷΪѡ
걻ץҶƽȷûԶ˰̳飬ǲԶ󰵵û취ⴺ˵ȻڶԶп϶ѵԶҵæԼ˵ʲô飿
Ҷƽһ룬ǿⴺһ۵飬ҪǹڰԶϵ̬ȣ룬˭˷ӦܵɵĳͷԶȷ飬Ӧкôġ
ⴺʱЦ˵ò그£ԸԶ쵼ɲӦֹ֧صĲ鴦Ҿһȷ̬ȣĿǰԶϻıȽϲġ
ⴺ˵ҶƽǸоⴺǰԶһͬ־϶ԶϿɣԶƺҲȥ¡
Ҷƽһ룬оⴺ˼ⴺڶԴԶһµģȻˣ֮ǰһ⹵ͨ£ھͱֳԶĲ֮ɻ˻ԶĻɣ黹Ҫⴺһ²С
ʡ˵òϯĻǱȽϵλͷΰܹȫ֣һ˾顣ҶƽǱʾ
Ҷƽ̬ⷬⴺеȽ⣬Ҷƽ̸ҪĿĻԶиҶƽȥԶ¡
Ҷƽһ£õһĲôͬʱⴺĻɣӰ쵽һĹ
̸˰Ļ˵ǱȽǢ̸һͻǴˣȻֳһķɢˡ
ɢԺҶƽͻһص˽·ϣҶƽǰⴺĻˣⴺͶ˶ԶмӣֻǲֱӸ갸ӵ飬ŰѻԶϣڻȥԺ󣬾óܶרİİӣȲҪ¶ͼ
ʵҶƽһͼԶ֣˽ʱ䳤֪ԶһʲôˣһίǸ㲻Զ󣬶Ҷƽ֮󣬾ǺܷԶˣ֮ԱץҶƽźܴĹϵܽ˽ԶôеοҲǼίһشɼ
ȻԶ˽иٹ̣Ҫ붯ûһľĺǲеģǼǮƣǿֻҪĳڳʲôûԶ⵹
ԸԶҪ֮οԶıⴺͶǲܴ⡣
Ҷƽǽͬˣֻ֪˭Ҳ֪ͼܶǲֻ֪ҪİӰȻܿǲ鱣ɡ⣬ǸʱܶнףȻԶǣܲܶ
˾һ飬ص˽֮ҶƽͰѳܶйİӰôˣ󵨵ȥҪʲô
ܶһ֮Ҷƽûϵǣֱӻ㱨Ҷгļ֪ﶯʡ˴Ҫӽмල˵ʲôΥΪڷҪȥ꣬һˣ϶Ҳûȥˡ
ܶĻҶƽҲǴһ겢û־ܣԶҲǲŲʣǾȻʡ˴ĸ棬ɼǵ֮󣬶ʡ˴һ룬ӾͲðȥϾ֪ʡ˴󣬾ͻ᲻ϵ飬ӾͲðˡ


1001 ԶɽҪ
ʡ˴ˣԶҵģԶɽҵģԶɽΪԶĵܵܣ˽һ̳Ĵϰ壬ȻŪһʡ˴ְλΪʡ˴Ȼʡ˴һЩ쵼ŹϵԶ󲻷ʱȻҪͷΪԼĶ˵仰
ʡ˴쵼ʡǩһҪʡԴһڱڼܵһĶԴʡ˴棬һ״̬
³ɾǽӵʾԶɽֱõʡҽ³ɣǩ³֮󣬱˵³Ҷ޹ģֻһˣʱһЩϵСнǲʲôᣬ³ܹ졣
Զɽһۣ³ɷ˷ʡ˴쵼ʾ˵Ƿǹ֧Ҳԩ𣿡
Զɽһһ˵ǹ֧鲻С𣬵ҶӾԲʲôᣬҪҪҶӡ
Զɽʡ˴쵼ʾͷ㣬³ɿ˿ȴ˵ҪҲôӦ㣬Ϊڰ˽оְģӣ˽о֣ʡֻǰץˣǰӵо֡
˵Ҷʡǣô˽о󣿡ԶɽһǼæʵ
³ɵûԱʡǣǰ˽оְģȥǰɣʾ˽оǱߣͲҪˣҲûִС
ʡ˴쵼һ˵ʵڵģ³ͷˣ֮ǰûĸʡ˴쵼ֱӴ绰˵һ˵ֱһʾѵΪԼʡί쵼ʡί쵼ҪúõضԴһʡ˴쵼ȻҪأǲأô죿
ʡ˴쵼ֱӸ绰˵ʡ˴쵼пӦԶɽԶɽżëֻа˽йƣȥҳܶ
³һ˵ԶɽŰɣһ˵ȥ˽о֣鷳³ǩ֣ȻҺʾȥ˽о֡
³ܾ̾Ҳǩʡ˴ǩʾôǩֱȥ˽оƵġ
Զɽ³ǩ֣ʱҳܶˣϾʡǩֵģִܲ𣿵³ȴ֪ϵܾҪԶɽҪǩֵġ
³ɾܾǩ֣Զɽ˵㲻ǩ֣ȥ˽о֣˽оֲͬô죿ҪȻҾֱ㣬˽о֣˽оֽаš
ԶɽĻЩʽΪҲʡ˴ԼලصĹͬʱҲ˵ļ³ǿҪ󣬾Щˡ
³üͷоԶɽǿѣǴӲͷˣһסˣϱǲõصҸҲǩ֣Ҳܰ˽оô죬İҪɰ참ԱҲܸ棬ʲôҪֱ참ԱͬʱҲԳʾʡ˴쵼ʾǿǱ˵ȨǺܺõˣǩʾˣҲų
³ɵͲôˣԶɽһʡ˴쵼ʾ³ﲢʲôʥּ˵ʲôͻʲôģ˽оƣô˽оֻζԴʾ
Զɽôһ룬о³ɵĹϵ㽩³˵ǺãҾͲ鷳³ˣֱȥҳܶʾ³Ҳˣ᲻¡
³ɾǻ˻˵ȥɣúѧϰһ¡
Զɽתʡ˴쵼ʾˣ뿪ʡ֮ܶϵ˵Ҫʱ򣬳ܶ˽ͷûдʡǣһӵԶɽĵ绰Ϊ˵ģʲô£Զɽ˵ʡ쵼ʾҪ
ܶһʵʲôʾԶɽǺһ֪ʡ˴쵼ʾʡ˴ҪмලһôһܶͱʾԼʱûʱȹ죬ʱ档
ܶŲԶɽ棬Զɽһ˵Ҳԣִʡ쵼ʾҪҶӡ
ԶɽһҪ󣬳ܶס˵׶Σ˼ܼˡ
Զɽ˵ʡ˴ʡ˴Ҳܼ𣿡
һԶɽ˵ܶһ˵ʡ˴£ҵʾϼԼ
ܶҪƣ³ƣԶɽǲõصҪĸϼʾ
ܶѿڶҪʡʾʾٴ㡣
Զɽ˵Ҹմ³ҪʾǾͲˣ˵㡣
û뵽Զɽҹ³ɣղһȦˣܶתһ룬˵һҪ쵼ʾһһػ
еܶǲӦҪԶɽȻߣǳܶڲ֪ĶӦҲûʲô취ʡ˴쵼ǲã³ɲʡ˴쵼ģܶҲǲҵʡίʡ쵼Ųöʡίʡ쵼»ԶУԶڲԸ͵ȥֻԼŬ
һ룬ԶɽǸ߳ܶĴʱ䣬ӦҪٴʡ˴쵼㱨ʱʡ˴쵼˻𣬿ɱ
ܶǱʾԣ֮ظ˵æҶ˵绰Ųʲôʡ˴쵼ʡ˴쵼ܲ³ͬԶɽҪĻ³Ӧ绰˵һ˵£û˵˵³δػͬԶɽҪ
ոԶɽͨ绰ҶƽǴ绰ܶæ󣬾ǰʡ˴ְҶƽҶƽһоҲЩѰ죬Ȼ˵ʡ˴ûжȨǼලλҶһϼһ˵ԣã˵Ӱ쵽صİ참˼Ȳ̫£Ҳ֮
뵽ҶƽͶԳܶ˵о壬ʡ˴һҪܰӵĻ˵ӵҪԣ׶β˰֮£ʡ˴Ҫ԰ӽмලרŰһΰͨᣬʡ˴˽
ҶƽĻܶͷʾ׵ʡ˴֮Ի£ȫԶɽȥԵʣԶɽΪʡ˴ȥԼĶӣǲܵ£˵ʡ˴ʲôҪ쵼ҲûȨôҪ󣬾ִ̫֪ˣǴԲ
Ҷƽ֮󣬵ͷԶɽʡ˴ǱҪӦһ£⣬ǲֻ걾ˣؼҪıɡ𣿡


1002 
ܶһĿʱһҶƽ˻⣬ѵҶƽȥ
оܶǴҶƽˣȥԺдһ׼Ͻʡ˴󣬺Ӧһʡ˴쵼Ȼʡ˴쵼ҲǻùرȽϱʱٱ£Ǿ͸鷳ˡ
ܿãȻȥһʡø³ɿһ³ɿ֮󣬸оȽϺʡ˴쵼
ȥʡ˴棬ܶԼԸȥõʱʡ˴쵼ǣûشԾͰȥ¡
ܿ͹ȥԶɽִ绰ʲôܷһλһӵ绰ܶٿһʡ˴μӵİͨᣬǻܣΪڱܽ׶Σ永ԱʦҲܼҪʡί쵼׼û
˳ܶĻԶɽǷǳ˵صʦ׼ʡ˴Ҳ׼㲻ҪѣԼȫһҪʡ˴ߡ
Զɽʡ˴ʡ˴ѹܶܶҲǺصȥʡ˴쵼ˣûȨæҺʡ˴쵼ҡ
Ҷ˵绰ŵ绰æԶɽһʱҲعҲֹܣ˰ʡ˴쵼ûһµģһѳܶˣ˵˵ȥúԶ˵һ˵ԶҶ⣬öӣųܶ᲻ѶĻ¡
ҲֻˣԶɽֻص˽ȥԶԶڲԸٳͷ¶Ϊ鱼Ϊ⻹ⴺĬǵȶΪȥйϵɻܵһЩ˵Ĺע෴ڱֵ͵ʲôɫΪʵһûʲôϵȻԼֶӣǷ£һҪȥߺ顣
ʹȻԸ꣬Ҫ֪֮ǰҲ˶⣬ǶⲢԸΪ³ʲô棬ҲһЩ⣬ҲǴӦˣҪһ£Ϊǣ
ˣ갸ӵĴȫԶɽܣԼĶԼܣҲ˵ʲô˰ûãʡ˴쵼ʾڹһŷֽûʲôãȻʲôͨʲôãͨ飬ȡʡ˴֧֣Ҫᴦꡣ
ԼԶԶɽı棬۾һ룬ԶһʱҲûʲôУһһֱĬԶɽȥһ¶⣬⼸ΪĹҲǳĴβǨ鲻ƽģںˣӲˣ˸ץˣ̫صˡ
һ˵Զ۾˵㲻Ҫ飬Խ飬Խգ˲ץģ˵ȥҲʲôʵ飬ʵһЩ飬ȥǨҲҲã߽ݾΪΪڶǰ֤ǼУǳ飬Ļɺ᣿
ԶĻԶɽЩ̾ҲԶ󣬵ȻԶнҲǿż˵İڼȽϴȻСᣬԱĲܣԵأҲǳ˲ٵϵ˲ΪǺᣬιҲôΪҰץǼҸе⡣
ǼѾǮһЩҪǼҲȥʲôɢԱȥͷЩ飬ȻΪǼ׳󣬲ΪԶĹͬʱҲ˱ȽϺ棬Ǿ£һЩɢԱγһ½ľ档
һǱпȫ̽ԵԶĵ⣬ԶɽԼӵ˵뷨̫һһǹͬģǾν⣬ǵļ˽еĵλӰ졣
һ룬ԶɽԶ˵磬ڲҪȥЩ⣬Ѿˣȥ˵ȥҲûõģۻǮǶҪѱ̳ʡ˴󲻹ãǾܹõˣǹõ֮һڱȥֻҪҳܶҲųܶҲĻ
ԶɽһۣԶڲ˽ͷǶһ˵ˣǸҶƽǳӹгʵͬһ㣬һЩϸʣܶԭҺͶĹϵͦõģȴҺͶˣôĻˣöȥӣܶ϶ҪǸҶƽʱİѱˣаѱ˼ôҶƽ⣿㿼ǵֻһ˵İΣǶ⿼ǵȴȫ֣Ƕȫеһӣ˽طҿ˵һԾŶ˽ôһίгȣ
ԶҲԶɽ˵һЩøĻЩƽʱǲͼͥԱ˵ģⶼǹٳϵ£˵ͥԱʱҲ̫ԶɽֻһˣȻʡ˴ǶԹٳҲǲ벻ࡣ
ԼĻԶɽо˼飬ѵ˵Ϊʲô֣ҪǼԱҪһˣôܾ
磬˵ûˣҲܲˣԶɽԶ
ԶǶԶɽ˵ҿˣҪֻ꣬йϵҪⲿʩѹУ⼸вٵʦȽϵĴ㲻ȥһˣһûⷽʦǹΪҡźһ£Ȼٺýйãᴦꡣ
Զôһ˼·Զɽһ˵ʦܹ𣿹ҪǲʦģҲûа취
Զ˵ʦ룬ȻٷһЩ˼ҶΪйϵߺţԭУڲˣҪƱ仯ôɡ
ԶɽԶĻ֮ԶɽֱӱǣȥϵĴʦǹӡ
Щʦһ˶ǳˣһ˵ԶɽǮһȻʨӴ󿪿ڣھҪĴѣԶɽһҲǸһôҪôǮȻǮǲǼҲСĿǮȥˣƭô죿
ԶɽͷһЩɣһԸ⽻Ǯ˼ҴʦǲȤˣΪȡӣȴǰԼȥڰӶһ飬Զɽһֶˣ水ʦ˵𵽺ܴãҲֵ
ôһ룬ҧҧǴӦʦǮôʦܽʡһˡ


1003 ͨ
ܶҶƽķԸһӸãͬʱҲҪھ걳󱣻ɡֻҪܰҶƽҪãʱͻȻӾʦҪָ꣬е깹ɺ᷸Ҫ󹫰ضȡȡ
Ծǵʦڣʡ˴쵼ʾܶЩɣʲôȨô׶Σκ˶ܻ
ʦ߳ܶҪǼ꣬ǽ˴طӦܶһЦǸǣԸȥӳͷӳˡ
˳ܶĻʦɶҲ˵ˣˣܶΪͽأС˾ʦԶɽϾ˼ڸܶԵ˼ҵ
û죬ʡ˴쵼ֱӴ绰ʡҪȡһİͨϴֻȡ˱棬Ҫֳȡͨʡš
ʡ˴쵼ֱӴ绰ŵģ³ɲִܲУִ绰ܶ߳ܶʡ˴쵼ֹעˣ׼
û뵽ô鷳ܶûа취ֻһЩ׼ʡ˴쵼й㱨ʡ˴쵼ϹƱ£ùֲð
ܶ׼ǵʡ˴׼л㱨û뵽֮ȴǷʦҲڳ⻹кüʡ˴ͬʱԶɽҲڵģֻʡ˴˾ίһ㱨ᡣ
ûʡ˴μ쵼ڣȻҲУʡ˴Ǹʡ쵼³ҲҪģ³û˵ʡ˴β顣
һʼʡ˴˾ίξóܶٴνһİ飬ʡ˴㱨һ£һ˵ܶ˵Σ޹صԱǲҪǳȥ
ֻ˾ίαʵЩǶģĻ㱨޹صģ
ܶǿ˿ʦԶɽ˵λʡ˰ɣǲӦȥ˵ļƺҲȡǵİͨᡣ
һۣλֻ˵λͬ־ʦʦǴ˵ģȻҪͨᣬĿǼලİʦһ±ȽϺãǲǶˣԶɽȻ˵ļҲ˴һҲûʲôģӵװô˭ලûаã¾ֳ㲻Ŷûаɣ
λεĻˮƽ˵óܶоЩƿԣʱûȥŰúʵ뵷ҲûãҲ뿴һЩ˻ε
ܶûʲôǰѰԱ˸ͨöǺϸΪǶԶɽģһҪΪ˵ء
һܶѰ齲ˣαǶŴ˵λʦڳ¾ֳܵİʲôҪģһ£ذѰá
һ˵ܶǺ޵òᣬǰģȥǵĿĲ˸ų
λһ˵꣬˾ǿ˵֤Σûдӣֻ˽ãûʲôܵ֯ϵΪ϶Ϊʵķ
˵ʵҲһʦһʦ˴ʦ󣬵ԶɽҪʦ˴ֻܰ˵ǽһЩϡ
һڱרҵԵԣɣһʡ˴˵ģԶɽ϶˵ɰ
һ˵꣬ʡ˴ֻǸͣΪ˵ʲôȵһ꣬Ǹαʦʲô
ʦǿʼһϲݵ䣬Ȼ֮ǰûнӴ飬Ǹʡ˴ṩһЩǾǷһЩ˵ǾǷרҵ϶ɺ᷸껹˽ӪҵңƼңضץȫһִΪȫġ
ʦֱӰ˵ˣóܶʦֱߵڰװǲǰ
ʦһ˵֮󣬳ܶ˵λʦעһ´ǣǸʵͷΪб绤ûҪжλھ˵ǷˣȨҸǣǹ֧һԹˣܴԲѵ˵
ܶӣʦ˵ֻΪǹص£ʲôȨ϶Ƿǹ֧£ҲҪǹ֧меδǹ֧빫ٽһ顣
ۿڲţܶһֳ϶Ȳ˼ҾʦʦĻ֮󣬳ܶȻҪҲû˵ʲôЩ˹̳Ȼƨˣ˼ʦʲô˵ȴǲ˵ǻ鷳ġ
ʦ˵껰Ǹֻα˵λʦĻǴҶˣ¾ֳȥԺҪ˼һһӦһҪ˵Ȩ˻ʲôҪ
˱ҡҡͷ˵αɢᣬɢԺԶɽǶǵʦоʦ˵ĺܺãܶûл˵ˣˮƽ
ԶɽרʦԼʡ˴Էʦȴװ˵ǴԿͻĳ룬ҪؾǣѻؾǵĻƱ˾С
һʦ˵ԶɽǴӦУǼ򶼻ˣƱǮ𣬱ʹظʦ˻Ʊʦ뿪˽ʡǰԶɽȵͬǻʱٹһ첻ȥȺϢˡ
ʱԶɽȫʦˣӦţҷǳĿʦȥˡ
һȥԶɽȥʡ˴ԷڳԷĵڶ뵽ʦˣܶôأ
˵컨׹ı䲻˾ʵ԰ӵĴһôҲûеģԶɽʱûлعζȻΪʦܰӸȻﵽĿġ
ǳܶȥԺ󣬲ûоʦ˵ĶԣΪʦԻİ֤ݶ˽⣬ſڿӣ˵ĸĶ
ʦĻҲ뵽ʦڷ̣ͥͱѰӰκε©μ갸ͨĵһд
һԶɽû뵽ģֻͼһʱʹ죬Ƕ԰ûû뵽


1004 ⴺľ
ԾǵʦܵʡתһȦǻص˾ǣܶڿ갸ͨҲǾòã鷳ԻԺ󣬽һĵذ
ʦЩȥԺòص֤ݣýʦ̣ùر
ʡ˴ʦԶɽеҲòˣǹزˣеûʲôЧԶһô졣
ڵ֪֮Զһ룬о鲻Ӧӵģ˵ʡ˴ҲˣʦҲˣѹ֮ҲӦòģڿûκòļ˵֧Źء
֧ųܶ˵ıһ϶ʡʡΪʲô֧һ϶϶Ƕ⣬һҶƽˡ
뵽ҶƽǴӹгԶͻȻ֮һˣ֮ܶԸҲѹִҪܴ꣬ԭҶƽ֧֣ﻹʡźǿ֧֣ܶȻǿԲѹʡ˴Կ
ȻҪìܽҶƽϣֻŸʩѹóܶòѴĿġ
һ뵽Ҷƽڱ֧£ԶǷǳĲԴҶƽ˽֮󣬺ܶûͣһ·ˣöҲǸеͷۣΪʲôĶ뷨Ҷƽ˽ߣ
ͻȻһ뷨Զе䱻򣬲ȥԸһҶƽֻҶƽеѹˣֳ֧ܲܶԸꡣ
ԺԶԼ⣬̸һ̸飬֮ǰѳܶߣֱڳܶҲûбߣҪͷҶƽԣʡʡҲ֧֣ڶ뷨ⴺæͨ³ǰ˵˵³ͬ⽫ܶ˽С
ǻûüʵʩ⣬ԶˣԺԶԼĿҶƽںöϲίһ£ж򣬲ʡίҶƽһ״ʡίҶƽߡ
Զֽ飬ȴû˵ʲôΪ֪ûô򵥣Ҷƽӹг˿ƺЩְˣ뵽ҶƽʱҲһ㣬ٵﵣгҲǽְҶƽڸһƽͶŹʢ˶ûŪλ֮гģ˵ʡίԴ˺ĿǣʱʡίӳҶƽ⣬ʡίѵһ˵
ȻܣʡίȻᵽ˽жһп죬ʱҶƽ𷴻ǷǳĲĻ˽е𶯵㲻ûᷭġ
ûͬԶ飬ΪĿǰ˵Ǳȶĺã³ˣǶԴûӰ죬ԶܴӴ⣬Ҫ̫ƽµ飬ܶ뾡һа취ߵģȻ˽ûˡ
˶ĻԶһ룬о޷˵ȥֱӶԸҶƽܰѳܶ˽У갸ӵĴһôֻûټҪȥԸҶƽץ뷨ѳܶߡ
Զ֮󣬶ⴺȥһ绰ڵ뷨ڵְܶϣ³һ£ͬ˽ίҪ
ӵ绰ⴺһ£βΣùŸɲģǹңβҲҪķԸⴺһ˵ͱʾ鲻ð죬˵³ɿ²ô׵ģ˵ĸء
ȻеܣⴺĻȥ³˵һ˵飬ȵڶ죬³ɵİ칫ң㱨˽ί˽йֳҪʡ
³һǿ˿ڵо־ֳϣʡŲСķȨģ˽ίѡ˵ܶǲˣǳܶڰӣϸ̫ʲôʡ˴ʲôǵʦ飬˽ίҪĿĵģôܻͬܶҪ
Ϊβˣܲʾһ룬Ǹµ£ȲҪżһȻǿԵģܶ˽Ҳ˲ˣٵһȾǵ
³شͲ˵ʲôϾֻǹת˽ί³鲻ɿڣûа취
ûʲô£ⴺ֪ҲǸеΣڴܶϻһЩʧˣôҪһɲôóܶߵҶƽһߣԭϵܺõ𣿼ʹܶԶҪ֤ܶŸɰ
ⴺǸеΪίƿһЩ⣬гԣǵһЩ㣬Ȼô
ⴺתһ룬Ҳֶܹƿò˽еһЩʵίʱµģ裬Ȼ޷ܺõӦԣ飬ȫԲܣǲֲУԶҪ󣬵ˣͻº֢°ѱ෴ҶƽʲôûУô춼ԡ
ҶƽǵѶЩ׽͸ˣ֪Ҷƽ뷨ֽҶƽ˽УȻ鿴ȥЩѣٵҶƽеЩѹС
ⴺôתһ룬һЩ⣬Ӧȥ£һ¾Ƿ꣬ؼʱԶ󣬲ԶǵսϣȻҪԶվһ𣬵ǹؼʱ÷һ¾ʱ̹۲ҶƽĶ뷽跨Ҷƽ뿪˽УʹҶƽˣҲҪ뷨ߡ
뷨ԺⴺֱӸһ绰ʡһˣȺ̸һ̸Ȼȥʡίһһ˽еȡ֧֡
ӵĵ绰ʡǣ飬е˵ıȽеؼʱҪϣȻϲϣңҪᣬֵ֡
֮󣬶һȥһֱȽ֧֣ڹ㱨һ˽еһϵ̬ȡ
ʡǾסı΢Ц˽˵ߵԱ߾
Ϊʡί֣ҵιʡί֯ڽʡҲλȨأϵȻҲһҵ飬ڹ㱨ҲǻӭģȻкŶ⣬÷Ա˲赹ˮ׼úõ̸һ̸


1005 
˽淢һЩ飬صᵽ쵼ӵ⣬Ҳ֪һЩҶƽΪ˽егӦһ㲻֮⣬£пܲôʹطӶ쵼ͥҲпܵġ
ˣڶ⽲ҶƽһЩίһ£ϲרУЭʱȴЦЦ˵⣬ίǣһ֣һҪԦȫ֣ҪÿһΪòУҶƽҿЩѱǲҪֻҪڼԦҲһġ
ûϵΪҲǸо㱨Щԯˣѵûз֣Ҷƽѱô򵥣˼ҶƽçвڰԼ˼£ҰƵǽǣȻҲŽҶƽ˽С
˽ҶƽͬʱҲ˽˽ڵֲ̫һ֮ìܣֻҪڿɿطΧ֮ڣһһǲܵģǵˮݵĵزһŻʮջ𣬸һӣȫ룬ʵǾ˵صģһֺͬʱһطĻڼߵĹ
Ҷƽ֮ìܲû̫ԣڻϷһЩ磬ûеˮݵĵزѾеҶƽвɷչȥȷᷢʲô
㱨ףлĻһҪ뷨Ҷƽ룬εĻᣬֻҪҶƽ뿪С
ĻȴǸһˮΪûа⿴úأΪԦǿûмԦҶƽеѿֲ˵ʲôȻΪĲǿ
ֻñʾ⣬Ҫúõؿһ£ŽԱҪȿǵ⣬ҶƽһЩϲϣҲӰ쵽ĹʱʡίܹԹע
˵һ¾Ͷ˵κ˶ӵίָӣҶƽҲξҪ̸һ£㿴ô
һҪҶƽ̸ͷһҶƽ̸˻ôҾͺ֪ܿʱҶƽ˽ͻ½ˣôһǻҶƽһش
⵱ʾȸҶƽһԤŶ˽еĹкôҲҶƽʡίġ
֮󣬾Ǹ֪ͨҶƽʡίһˣרźҶƽ̸һ̸
˷ܵشˣȥԺͰҶƽ˹Ҷƽ֪Լʲô£˶İ칫ңһӣ˿˵ƽгóʱû㵥̸̸̸һ̸
Ҷƽ̹ȻЦкóʱûһ̸̸ˣỵֽֽ́ѧϰѧϰ
ҶƽһۣһָҶƽҶƽҲûпԱߵɳϣº󣬶Ҳϣ˵һЩشǴһķ磬ƽгûʶ⣿
Ȼ֮ᵽ飬ҶƽĿһǷ˻⣬оҪУСһЩĵ
Ҷƽ΢΢һЦǣܽзɣϾ˵Ĺ۵㲻ͬһͬһҾúֻҪһΪ˹۵㲻ͬˣҪ̵ġ
Ҷƽǧữȥ˵۵㲻ͳһûа취ϣΪίش󣬶ΪгִߣͬҲش󣬵ίߣִУµԭͳһߵûߣִеͬҲûִУȥģϣһ⣬ˡ
ĻҶƽͻȻ֮ˣڸѹȻʵʵĻ֮ǰȴû̸һ̸ȴˣǲʲô
̧ͷ˶һۣҶƽеĵúܱȽˣеɣѵʲô飬öõˣǷʲôأ
ҶƽԴѸٵתţһʱҪӦԶĻأһ룬ЦЦԼǣǲܰԼλãƱػӰ쵽ĿչǷģǻԼԼλõģͬʱҲϣȫ֧ĹǹͬȫеĹá
Ҷƽ˵ĺܺеûкԼ˵Ļ޷ӦѣҶƽ˱̬Ҳ˵ʲôˣֶҶƽҸմȥһˣЩ̸һ̸ת㡣
һ˵ҶƽˣԭԭȥˣȻ֧ˣڵˣֱӹЩ˵һ˵ʩѹȻʩѹڱȽϱľˡ
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ģʵҲãҶƽûϵֱ̯ƣǾҪԼĹϵɶǰһ˵˺ܶĻ˽еߣǻûеóѣתְ취Լ
ⲻҲһı֮ˣҶƽ룬Ӷİ칫ˣȻȥʡǣȥһ
ʡίǣ֣֯ɲŲСĻȨҪٻԼܲȥһȥȻ˵һЩĻһȥǾͻʡί쵼ˣ⵽ʱ׼ŷ磬ɲ֪ӶԼţһӣҪҪȥ
ȥҶƽоԼҲҪһƣ֮öȥȴûκεΪ˽еĹĿǰŵؿչţö๤ģ̱ڱȻʡίǣǲʡͷĹ٣滹ʡʡίβء
βɾͲ˵ˣҲ¶Լ취飬ôҪ뷨ʡί쵼쵼ҪĹҪôһ룬ֻйˡ
ʡгȥʡ㱨ҲǺ£һ£Ҫȥ㱨ĹȡĿ϶Ȼžȥٰѹ㱨һ飬ԼǾһеΪѣͬʱҲȥ˾ֵ֧ܵģҲûжá


1006 ҶƽĽƻ
Ҷƽ֮󣬱һ׼Ȼǰʡȥʡ֮ϵʾԼʡ㱨ʹʡʱʱ䡣
ʡʡίǵ֮ϵβĹϵʮǢģβɣ˾Ӷˣȴǵʡ˵ҪΪβɣλҪ쵼֮ϵǢôǵ֮Ĺϵ϶ҲǢԹԸе쵼β֮Ĺϵ⣬ܹβɵ֪
ҶƽβɵĹϵΣ鵱Ȼͨβɵ֪һˣҶƽһϵǸ˷ǳҶƽ飬ҶƽСʱ֮һʱ䣬һ£ܲ档
ʡʱǷǳģҶȶ˼ƻҶƽڼϹһ棬ȻҪһʱ⼷ʱҪľİţڹСʱʱ䣬˵ʱǳҪץס
ҶƽֱʡԺҴææڵİ칫¥ȻǼ飬ǰԱһţȵ֮͹ȥѾ͹кˡ
棬˲칫˳״󣬾ǰҶƽ˹Ҷƽæ˹ȥ߽֮󣬹֮Ц˵ƽͬ־ˡ
ҶƽæЦŽһ׳á
ЦֵСҶþûأôŹңҲ˵һôʱˣ
ҶƽͼӾأҶƽᣬԼ֮ȻҶƽЦҶƽҲǺУΪβɵ仹ڳίУϴ磬ˣҷҲܾ
֮ҶƽæĹ㱨һ飬ΪֻСʱʱ䣬Ҫڼ̵ʱ㱨ꡣ
Ҷƽ㱨Ҫ飬һǳй滮Ĺڻ˹滮Ҫһ£һҪ˽ǵ뷨һʡܸ֧֣ܲʡܸ֧֣ǣʽ¾ͺðö࣬ⷽ⹵֮ͨ󣬿ͷҲǱʾ֧֣ǲûооȺ͹㱨һ£һ̬ȡ
Ҷƽ㱨˵֮ϸһ룬оҶƽйǽ뷨ȽϺãй滮Ҳ֪ˣǾͲ˵ʲôˣԺͰչ滮ҪȥˣֻǽҪһĵо˺ܶ⡣
飬ҶƽҲؽнͣȫĲһ飬֮󣬱Ǻܶݣ˵ƽǵܺҲкܶѣܽˣǶȫʡľ÷չһܴƶãĿʹϽҲܳңҵϽ֪£˵Ŀء
Ҷƽ˵ϽΪʲôʺԼĿҪǸǿǲӦ
Ц˵ƽĵطλ˼뻹ͦĿʹϽҲʡĿ㲻Ҫ̫ް
ҶƽЦһµʡҲǵطλأǾĻеһ仰ϽĳЩ̫ѿǵÿϽ⣡
Ҷƽһ˵Ĭˣ˵СҶǻ˵أֻǿЦϣĿǻȥоһ£пԣʡ潫ȫǣĿʲôĿܣܣϲĿģܻʡͷȽ⡣
Ҷƽһ¹ҶƽϵֻҪʡ֧ǣĿһɹȥί㱨оһ顣
ͷоϸĹٸҿ⣬Ҳǻ㱨һ£һʱʡίʡ֧ǣĿɹҲѡ
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뿪˹İ칫ңҶƽʡίԺʻȥҪȥҲϵˣ֪ǸʲôģԵʹӦҪ
֮ǰĽ࣬Ҷƽİ칫֮󣬺ܿؽһǣȻվ￴֮󣬱Ҳظ
Ҷƽ֮󣬾ǴΪģȿһ˵ʲô
һۣܺͰʵմ˽Ǳ߸Ϲ
ҶƽûУղŵʡǱ߼һ¹ʡ㱨һ飬㱨ˡ
Ҷƽһ˵ﲻһоҶƽĻеΣԼ֮ǰȥ˹һ棬ҶƽǲԼйϵ
һɣӰ쵽̸밴Ŷ˼Ҷƽһ£˭֪ȥҹ̸ʲô飿ҶƽȴǱҶƽҪǴȥǻ˼ˡ
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һ˵ƽͬ־ҹ̸һ̸쵼ӵ⣬ڵ쵼ʲô𣿡
Ȼ̸ⷽµģҶƽһ֪⻰˼ˣشûκ⣬Ϊʵû˵滰Ȼ˵滰Ҳʲô£Ͼ˭Ҳܰﻰȫ˵Ļǳʲô⣬ָԼʵ֯⣬Υһף״ˡ
˵һ⣬ô϶׷Щ⣬Լû⣬һҲǲûشԽ˵ǲģʡί쵼Ҳýܡ
һ룬ҶƽǴӽҪǶץΪгҪ񣬵ȻҲίǣйذӽҲ룬ҪǶץҸΪǰ쵼ӻǱȽϲģĿǰ˵ûзʲô⣬ȻҲпҸ˹עĲ࣬Ҳûо쵽ӦǳȥԺȥ˽⡣
ҶƽһӰƵ˶ϣ˵ʵǣûʵ˵Ƕץ£Ӧʶ⣬ûָ˵֯ʵ㱨ˡ
ҶƽشҲû뵽Ƕ࿴ҶƽۣоҶƽҲ̫ЩƻȻرˣ˵Ȼ䣬Ҷƽ˵û⣬Ҷƽ


1007 һ
ҶƽôһشĿصؿۣһ˵ƽͬ־гӽһطķչ˵ʮҪ˵ûУҪһЩĺãҲܰѰӽȫǶ˵⣬Ӧ⣬гǼҪһӣͬ쵼ӽ裬ҲΣײף
⻰һ˵Ҷƽͷ˵ǣǻҪӰ˼ΣĺãȥԺǻ㱨飬һ¡
ҶƽѻƣеҶƽ˼ѶԸץסİѱǲףֱָ⣬Ҷƽǲṩġ
뵽ֱӿҶƽƽͬ־˵˵ɣڰӽϣʲô⡣
ôһ˵ҶƽﲻһֱҪˣ˵ʲô⣬϶˳Ȼץס˰ѱ
ôһҶƽǣӽ鲻һ˵飬Ҫ̸⣬ǲҪе쵼ӳԱһй̸̸ͬȽȫһЩҸ˵ˣȫ档
Ҷƽʵ飬ôһ˵ɫһ䣬оҶƽʵǽƻĵеİӳԱй̸˵ǳˣΪίǣ׵尡
㣬ȲҪܡԶûʡ쵼ֵˡ
ҶƽȽƽ˵ķ⣿ӽҲкܶģʾһ¡
ֱȥײҪһȰͿĵףӶӦ
һҲҶƽˣֱ˵˵ڰӽ赱Уûи壬ΪгûкܺõطίҪ󡣡
⻰һ˵ҶƽȫĿģһ룬˵ǣҿɲҸ㣬ίҲǲԣû⣬ȥ˽УһҵûЩ⣬ǰ˵⣬ҿԺжʣһҵû⣬ǲƾ˵ҡ
Ҷƽ˷ϣˣǾϵĴˣ飬Ǿǲܵġ
ҶƽĻɫ˿˵ƽͬ־㲻Ҫ˭ǰ˵ģֻûУûУ˵㻹ǸˣУôҪעˣ֯ԭκʱǵһλ飬ΪгҪԼλã÷ڵ飬ܳԽԼְȨȥ飬ϣȥԺѹãʡίϣ˽еİܺܺгκ⣬𣿡
൱ڸҶƽһ棬̸ĿģҶƽĻȻеԼδʡ쵼Լ޷ĿƣȻԼشûУȻԾʽ˵ⷬԣһ˵ǫ飬ֻͬ޷ʲôֻȫ̽ܣֻҪԼⷽˡ
˵ǣһģһǷġҶƽǱ̬
ҶƽһۣеĿѴﵽǻ˻֣ʾ̸ҶƽȥҶƽ˵һȻȥˡ
뿪İ칫ңҶƽڳ۾⣬ʱȻΪǰԼ״ҲǷˣô鼫Ϊʹ죬Ҫ̣˷磬ȼ˹ܵڷǳľ棬βɵַ֧֣ͨʽҡĵλĿǲܵóѵġ
Ҷƽһô²̫Ӱ죬ǲȥ飬øʲôǸʲôȥ
ص˽ԺҶƽٴһ룬öôԼˣˣҲһ£Ȼ϶ǰ
뵽ҶƽȥҶ⣬̸㱨һ飬һԵض⣬һҪһķӦ
ûϵҶƽ㱨̸£϶ҶƽҶƽô˼㱨
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ҶƽҪٿ飬ȴһַʽҪϼҪĶܶʱй£ûٿ໥ģĻ᲻֯ߵĿƣ֪Ὺʲôίǣʱ˴ѿô죿
Ҷƽ˵뽫ľ֪ˣȻҲҪ⣬ô졣
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ⲻͬҶƽҶƽһ£˵ٿҲУλҪ쵼ͬ־޷쵼ӽΣʡίİӿ϶ҪǵϣҪһİ취ɣίǣǷҪʡίһ£ǵǰİŽģûģ
Ҷƽ⣬ڰʾ״һеΣǿЦҲûбҪȻʡίҪҿ϶Ҫ͵ģƽгͲҪˣ˹ͬŬѰάã˵ģ˹ͬΡ
ⲻҳԼ״ҶƽҲٱ֮öףԼ顣
Ҷƽİ칫ˣⲻһ°칫棬Ҷƽǲ׶ԸȻֱԼҪٿʲôᡣ
һҪŪǱ֪ˣ϶Ϊûеٿᣬ»֪ˣɢһ£ȻһҶƽڿǲ죬ҶƽˣǹǸӱ˵֪ٿᣬҲѿ
ôһ룬ûҶƽˣڿ붯Ҷƽ뷨ҲǺɵģҶƽͷʢĹϵûѣʡίʱҲҶƽְģҪҶƽ˽еõȴУĿǰ˵С
ֻάž棬Բܵ¾ʧأʧزίʧܡ


1008 Զ
ԤıûеóѣȻҶƽ̸˻ǲûжҶƽʲôӰ죬Ҷƽ֮ìùֹʵǲģϾһ쵼ҶƽֻǶ֣һֺͶ֮ìܣ˸⣬ܶʱһûмԦãֶǴڱĵλ
ֽ֧Ҷƽߵ뷨Ҷƽ˽ʱ̫̣ʱҪ뽫ҶƽߣѶȷǳ󣬳βɺ͹¾Ҫˣһʡί޷ľģҲûȨľġ
ìܷתƣ鷴Ǻðⴺ۵ȫһЩϣע߲飬ֻڴҪìˣھһ֮󣬵ܶͰϴͣ״̬ˡ
ֻļ˻Ű취ȡŪԶɽʦõʡ˴ϵ빫ؽоǵʦһΣҪ󹫰ͷ꣬һһר飬ȫһЩרҵЩʦǮҵķרҸġ
˭Ǯ͸˭˵ʱȨʱǮȻ˻Ϊ˵һʾʱ϶ʼ£ذ참Ϊƽƺȫˡ
Ϸ۶һЩʿֻۣܿ̽һǣҲûֱĸܣҪ֪ʵҪһʵصϰգſ͹ʵϵ۴Ϊ˭ջȨ˭˵ľһʱ֮ڣΪ귭֮ơ
һȻ𹫰صע⣬ܶһʱ֮Ҳеѹ޴ʡ˴ѹЩ飬һֳ޷־ƣֻýҶƽ
ڰһ֮Ҳǽʧˣ˵ĴǻСϵǲڰףȥǰӸòʰɡ
Ҷƽһ£֮Իͬ飬Ϊֻ˵һ֮ʣûܺߵҶļͥϢʧ棬ȫ棬ܹô֪ʵϢϵ۾Ͳһߵˡ
뵽Ҷƽ߳ܶҪ֯۷һҪѼһЩܺ߶ľٱЩܺߵľٱΪһ湫Ҫʱ¶飬ȷʵϢݸڡ
ҶƽĻ̱ܶʾȥ£۳ڰķչðΪļҡ
ڳܶԺҶƽǿһ⣬ӿٽһķչֻûյΪֹֹյϣô˿¾͸סˣֻȥξȳ£Ҫ˻ˡ
ѻֻԶǿԣԶҵ̨ܺҪȻֻнԶ²ſԡ
ҪԶ󣬿϶ҪȲ鴦ѵĶ࣬һ̰۸֤ܵݲò飬һ棬Զ˽оӪ꣬ϵ̸ڣҪ϶кܴһϲһܶ˿϶ϵ飬Ҳϵ飬֮£β
ˣҪԶ󣬱⵹һôһ̽ҡΣȻٷҡΣþȫ͵һΣֱε
Ҫһ̣ܹ˸еģϸʲôˣĿǰҪζԶôһҪ̽Խ
ѻйҶƽ̸һСʱԺ󣬱ͷԶʵ뷨ˣطʵɣϲһУһμίҪֹܲŵˣֱҵӣҪֹ飬ʱûдӦⴺкҪʿɶֹԶ
Զİ裬֪ģʵǿӴһҲǲԸûίǵֵ֧ȻҲ鲻ҪԶһ˵飬Ҳһ֯飬Ӧʡг֯С
Ҷƽһ£оУȥԺ󣬱ѼһǰԶľٱһ£һϣȻһ飬һķӦ
ʱԶµʱ򣬶⻹гίⴺⴺԶһֹԶĲ£Ⲣ֪Ǻ˾ٱԶ֪ģ־ٱֻҪٱⴺһͣûˡ
ľٱҶ⣬δ£ȻҶƽĿĲҪöͬԶ󣬶ǻζԶôһʼֻҪһʼͿܻн֣һֱûпʼǿ϶н֡
ⲻ뵽ʱ򣬻һӣӳ˾ٱԶ£ѾٱϽϵʱ򣬶һɵˣ󿴿ҿоЩţһʵϻƣʲôʱӵ־ٱ
ЩٱǰģҲиոյģ֮ԶľٱѾܶˣҵ㱨һ£һôȻʱ䳤ˣҲûٱ˽Ҳְˡ
˻һۣЦϻƿ˵ģô㻹ְί참㲻ǡǡ˵ʲô˼ҿ
ʾǽЩٱ棬ȥһ£УҲǻԶһס
˻ĻɫԳһ£˵ԶʡܸɲȨ޵˵ڵľٱǿѨ磬Ψ²ңҪȥԶϾʹһЩĴԣеȶҶģЩٱſԷԶ̸һ̸˽һ㿴ɲԣ
Ļ˼һ˵̸ʱҪҪֳʱҿԵ˽һЩ
˵ͲҪֳˣǼίǣ̫УܻܲˣҺ̸ˣ̸Ľͨһ£⣬ҲҪʡίл㱨ˣͷͳһ£ڵľٱ̫࣬˾ٱžʡͣʡͷҲǴһ磬ֻҪˣͱȻ˾ٱЩʲôҲĸɲȻûʲôͻҲû˾ٱˣµĸɲҸ£µĸɲȻˣϻƣҪע򰡣ҪЩܸµͬ־Զͬ־һܸ¸ɳµĸɲǻҪбҪġ
ۣȴǲΪȻԶȷʵҲǸ˲£ڸµͬʱûǮҲ˾ٱԭ֮һʱ쵼ҪΪ£ԾЩݣڵ뷨Ҳˡ


1009 
㱨йԶٱ飬֮󣬱ҪҪҪʲôһԶҪһı
ȷҪô֪ΪһľٱܴԶʵľٱݣ²ֱҪôҲֻһǹöעˡ
ĿѴﵽҲû˵ʲôֻҪһҪԶ̸̸˽һԶ̬ȣҲý
Ӧʹ˵ҲҪԶ˵һ˵¡
ڻ֮󣬶̽Զ˹й֮󣬶⿴һֱۣӽһٱӵǰ˵Լɡ
ùһȻǾٱĶԶ̳˵ǣľٱ̫˰ɣ˵ң˭ûչľٱţٱ˵ģûһøɲˣڵľٱ˾ϲ׽ӰþٱΪֵ
ԶΪȻӣһľٱţҾͲø㿴ˣٱǻùģרҿģĿĵģ
ĻһڣԶȻһоãٱžȻǻùģΪʲôҪٱŽ
̿⣬Զίǲеģû°Ѿٱͣզֱӵأ
Զһʹӣĸоûκ⣬ʻǿԣһ֮ҪѾٱøҿ޷֪ⲻ㣬̽ҵ̬ȣȻҲýжΣ˵ٱŽˣô޹أһľսһӣ֪ǲİйأʱ;ٱſ϶Ŀĵġ
ûԶȴǺһ˵һľս쿪Ҳ˾ٱңûʲôϵϣҲûá
ԶЩ侲ӣȴǶ˵ȱ𼤶ҰйȻ˵Ҫ˭Ҳ˵˭ĿܴﵽǸ飬һ£ͷжģ˵һ˵᲻йأ
һһ˵ԶͻȻúеµı϶ָʹָʹģҲֻһ֣϶ôôֻҶƽˡ
ǣ˵;ٱŻҶƽָʹ𣿡Զһ¾˵
ؿһۣ˵˵ĺпܣȻô˵һ˵£ܲɼ֣һ˵ô죬ôˣԭһԣһٶ˼иָ㣬ʿɶֹңҾкֵĶڣҪСˣ
һԶͻȻһоЩ£ֻǻ˵Ѫе£ڱҪôҪˣҪСˡ
ڶǰʾǼе˵ЬᣬңҲô׵ģ˭ǣҲû鷳㣬ֳҲ鷳
Զ⻰ǹ˵ģ֮˵ҶҪٹˣ㣬£ǲԹ۵ģ㲻Ҫ飬ǲ㡣
һ˵Զͷ룬飬һ갸йأĿΪ˴ʹ갸˳С
̸Ȼ֪֪ԶľٱǿѨ磬ԶҲ֪˱ԭ򣬵ϻ˵ô¶ǣҪӦ顣
֮󣬾ǾȲҪκζʱ̹۲ŶԷΪһʲôϲȡصĴʩ갸ϵ⣬˾ôʱ갸úȣٽԶ󱻾ٱ£ô½鷳갸½
ԶҲͬɲΪȻ۵ĶδܴǱעһ£óʲô⡣
갸ĳƽϢԶָʾԶɽҪٳطĶԿܶҸΪѡܹصĴͶǼҵΣ
Զһ֮ʱô˵ԶɽȻԸ⣬ҲҪܣǼ˶ⷽʽ֧֣ϵĳ㽥ʧȥ顣
ܶĳʧָƽȻǸֳеѹ̫ƽˣͿרȥӦˡ
꾭һʱĽҲɥʧ˶־ʼϹصĵ飬Ҳʼ٣ȡһõ̬ȣԾǵʦȻҪشһЩ⣬Ҳò򹫰ؿڣص⡣
ܶһҪԼ˵Уһ˽һЩɡ˫صЧҪ£ǽֵһί˳һܶ̽ҶƽȻ󣬻ΪίǾǽ˴˰
ȻӸܣ˽ԺҲ˻㱨ίǣȻҪһЩһ־ֵί永ȻҲûʲô˵ģ飬ͬʱҲҪԩκһˡ
˶ֵ̽ίˣȡ˫ʩһҲ꣬˽ܻ
ʱһ飬йԶ£еõһЩϢܾһᵽԶǱտڲ̸ԶϾĴ󲮣ôܳԼĴ󲮣
ϲԸϣȻȽʧҲ֮УҪԶǿ϶ô׵¡
ڻ˽֮Ծǵʦֻ꣬ʦ˵һ˵ʦ֪ҵԶɽ˵һҪϢҪǱǮԸⲻԸ⡣
Զ֪ʲô飬Ȼ׳ǮʦǸйԶ֪Ҫ֧ʮǮ
һйԶģԶɽȻһʦҪʮǮȴǲˬʦѾ֧ˣôҪǮôһ˵ʦͱʾ밸޹أҺܻܣԱǮ
ԶɽΣֻýʮǮʦѻйԶ½˳ԶɽһȻǳһüίҪԶæȥԶ
Զʱûʲôٵ֮һŴԼ£еŭˣѵһ˼ˣ


1010 Ҫ
Զ󲻽ЩܵţͬʱҲЩŭôǾΪеˣȥôУ
һ룬ԶЩסˣԼԴУȻ˵δܸöҲҪԤȷʡý鷳
ʡǣԶȻҪȥⴺⴺҲǰǽⴺģڻҪԼ
ԶҲⴺίʱĸɽ֮һڼⴺȻҲʮֵ飬ܺõؽӴȻԶʡΪӴҪ˵顣
򵥺ԺԶҲûлԣⴺйػڸ飬˵ԽԽˣ˭Ļˣһ˲ˣȥ˽ͻ׳졣
Զʮַߺ޵ӣⴺҲ֪ڵ飬ҪȻˣ껹ˣ˽еĵλԳ˶ҡȥԶ϶뷨ġ
ڻƺĿˣȥҪҪȥԶ飬ĻɣΪ븯ܷһˣӻŪɳ׾
ԶҪܾܾԶ뱣֤Զ󲻻˶ʲôԹޣʾѻ˵һ˵飬ҪļίǾС
ⴺĻԶǿһЩģȻҲܰϣⴺһϣҪԼص׼絽ʡίһ£ȻöԿ֯׼ԤԤϣ׼á
Զ֮ⴺһ£оȫˣɻ˽Уһ鷳ߣҶƽʮǿģҶƽյ˽Уĵλ޷ģǻѵ
뵽ⴺͨһ绰˴˽ְˣһ˽еμί꣬ǻûʲô̫õĳɼβʡίʡί齫ߣҶƽɲ֣ǵӦһɰɣ
һﾪˣһ벻Ǽίǣ㲻һȥԭⴺûԸ뿪˽ⴺ뷨β뷨ߣֻҪߣԶĵľûˣͬʱҶƽҲǴˣҵܶһܶɲʱҲˣûмʱȥ뷨ӦɳһЩʡίʡί˵ͬ⡣
һ룬˼רȥʡͷ̸ⷽ£ʾ˽иˣϣʡίܵһ»
˼˽ҶƽϵĬͷȻǲˣŰѻߣȻΪƿȫеľ档
һ룬ԶôǵίɲʡίͷУҪʡίȪͬУöȥȪ㱨һ£ȡȪµֲ֧С
Ժ󣬱˵ȥʡίȪȪԼİ칫ӴǰһЩ˵˳Ȫû˵ʲôίίǣ϶ԭģȻʵԭǲ˵ϵģ˵ϵĲʵԭ
Ȫһ룬ڻһֱһ뷨ǾǰѻʡίרŸ참Ĺ뷨֮ǰˣһֱûȥʵҲûкͻ̸ڶְһʱǲ˰ѻ˼
ȻûоܾҪ󣬶Ǳʾһ£̸һ̸ԸصʡίĻԿǵְ⡣
ȪĻеźܴĿռ䣬Ȫᶨµְľģֻǲ֪֪֮ô룬᲻Ȫľ
ȥԺ󣬶βûԸ뿪˽Уǿǰ죬Ҳûһ⣬ֱӺͻ˵ɣĻɣҪʹ뿪ɣû̫õɣ˵Ȼķ档
һ룬ԾƶһȪ̸̸ĺõĻ˵ͻҪ뿪˽ˡ
ʱҶƽ뷨ԸԶ֪Ҫ㵹Զ󣬱۲Уϼ쵼¾ȥһɲϵһٱϢע⡣
ٱϢҪ˵Զ޽һ·ʱ䲻ǽ˷ޣΪиܵ⣬ϣйزһ¡
кܶ࣬еĵط·û೤ʱǷߵǳ˲ƽȻ½вޣҪһЩǮ˵븻·ôĳЩ˵Ҫ¸þ·޲Ǯúܿ죬Ͳޣޡ
ϰնָܺʹļףЩΪ׬Ǯ˷˶ǮܰǮǸжã
ϵ֮Ҷƽ׼£һϵССڻʡȻŵʡ̨־ÿҶΪȥ˹أôͻȻֻأ
ҶƽҵдʲôдһƪڲΣʡί쵼ͣĻʡί쵼ע⣬ôڲ鴦Զһˡ
ӵҶƽĵ绰СһȻǶû˵ʹӦˣȴҶƽʡǣһԷ죬һ
СҪҶƽͲ֪˵ʲôãֲòӦʾһʱʡǾǴ绰ץ¸ˡ
СǸ˵شӦˣȻϵһЩѣһȽϿɿרдڲΡ
дڲλһ棬һҶƽع飬Ҫ飬Ҫŵ˲Уһ룬Ͱ񽻸˷÷ϵýŻվع˽дڵ⣬ֻҪýһȻڲʡί쵼ʾôԶǲҲˡ
Ҷƽ飬׼Զظ򵹣ǵҪʵʩƻʱ򣬻ˣ˵Ȫ̸ԸԸ˽иɣʱһ֪ô¡
Ȫ̸˶ְ⣬һ֪ǶڵˣȪʾԼʱ˵˽УȪܼܲ˽иȥ
Ȫһ͸о˵һ˽лкܴĸɾһ뵽ˣȪǸʡίҲһɣ˽УʱˣɵҲˣʻԸⲻԸʡίְԸ⣬ھͿԴ˽лֱӵʡί


1011 ʡίĽפ
Ը̴˽еȪΪʲôһȪ£һ룬ʱ򣬰ѻһ£ȻһȪ֧ܲ¡
ͰйԶٱȪ˻㱨ʾŷӽе飬ʱ뿪˽Уôһн޹ˡ
ȪȻ飬ʱע⣬ʱ⵽ŰѻߣǲйأйأҲ̫ûдʶˣΪίӦּ֧ίǰ참ǡ
ôһ룬Ȫֻ֧֮⣬ûص֤ݻԶ󣬻ֻܸڻû֤֤ԶиΪϾûжչ飬ΪԶ˽ʵۺû㹻ľģ鲻
Ȫ֮󣬾һ룬ʡίУû£ʡίҪ룬ҲҪϸĳ򣬲˵ҪܵýģԶ˽ô꣬ϵ۸ӣвǽǺܱģԱһĵ׼С
һ룬ȪûȻȥҪֱԶȡʲôʩҪԶйص˽һ飬ɨ鴦ԶĸϰǸʱʡί㱨ˮɣȻͿԶ¶
һﾪˣȥԺ뵽Ҫȥ鵱ⴺûеȥǸˣԶ֮Ҫ֮϶źĹϵڽµ飬Դͻƿڡ
ҲûкҶƽ£оԼͿ԰ˣԱѵľٴó⣬ȻϼίίᣬʱԶѾǴɲǵεĲǺҪŵĸְȻ˵걣סҲˣϾί
óе飬ٿίίᣬȻ󱨵ίίỹڻĲٿ֮£ڼίί֮ͨ󣬱Ǳ˶
Ȼӵ棬˽ʲôΪ֮ǰûнӴ飬ʹʱ棬ǴʱҲˣ֤ôʺϲʺ˫档
Ǹ֤Ѿ˺ܶˣһֱûжԴ˽˫棬˫Ӧûʲôģһ˵˾û̴ӦҪ˫飬ѱҪϸ˽һ¡
Ϊܺ˳ģ⻹ûҪ󣬻ֻõȴŶĴ𸴣һҲûнΪܿⴺ˹ͨ˽ľ֪ԶϵУ˾֮ⲻھ֮⡣
飬û˵ӦҲû˵ӦְһȥɲУٺҶƽһ¡
ȥҶƽҶƽʱðԶв鴦׼һҲȤȥô齫ǳ˳ڶûͬǸˣˡ
һ룬ҶƽûٵһȣʵڲУֱϳίᣬóίȻǵ٣飬һǲҷģǶڻ϶
һ˵ǾҶƽ˵ûһ飬ˣһڣм߾ͿʼýϷӣع˽е·޽ʱ䲻ͷѷ죬Ȼ·飬׷ԭ
УȥҲУǼֻҪڵһ¶ȥҲͻһع⣬ǰ޵·Զķݣʱֹһ飬һܴḶ́оаıΣû͵ϣǾһǳ顣
һع⣬һֱע˸žͻ֣ᷢʡһҲ֣ᷢһἰʱذ鱨浽ʡί칫ʡί쵼ǩ
Ҵһع֮Ͽʼǵؽ֣˽е񣬰޽·ĹԱ׷ָиΪϣйزܹעв鴦
ʱǣߵڲҲǵʡί쵼İͷ˽еһЩʡί쵼˻㱨Ȼص㻹·£عǺϡ
ع׼ڲǴʹ쵼¾ģΪϵĶδؿţʡί쵼ֱӰعҪ˽ߵڲһݺҪϢԴ
ھһ֮ʡίβɺʡڼڲκ鱨ǩʾʡίȥ˽ҵ˴¼ʲôΥΥ͵Ϊв鴦
λʡҪ쵼ôʾʡίȻСӣȪҲʾԱȥе飬˽мίϡ
һʱ֮䣬ʡίԱפ˽У֪󣬵ȻҪúд飬еҲѹٲúдʡί쵼ǽɾ͸ˡ
ʱ򣬻һιҪǸˣȴǸʡίڵ참ȷһţȵʡίԱԺ˵
û뵽ɣ޻˵һʾҲ˵ʲôʡίȷʵҪϣôðʡίȰˡ
Զǿ飬ǿʡίĽפЩɹˣ·Ȼȥóʱˣ飬˭֪ʲôһ϶ɾǲ
һ뵽ˣԶǸеܽţȻ˵ƽʱһǳˣ˭ҲȲǸоЩס
ڵ֪ʡίԱפ˽ԺҹаţùͬˣԴ˺öԿ飬ʡίԱʲôȻǸʱʹˡ
Զ߰ţʡίԱǰͰؽе飬һ飬ȴǽĿָ˻ҪǸˣʱǸõνֵͨĸֳԶǳ˲ٵ·̣Ҳ˲ǮԶıûжڲ鴦ʡίԱ鵽飬û˵Ͱ˸ˡ
˱ʱ쵼ֻ֪л֪ȵԱ֮󣬻Ŵ绰ⱨ棬һоһ˽Ҫˡ
ʡίԱĵȻֱΪֹֻǰһɲˣ⻹ֻһʼٴȥôɾʹˡ
һҲ˵᲻Ӱ쵽ǲӰ쵽˽˵Ҳһûӵ飬Ҫ뱣ȶͲִܳ°ڳ£϶ǲ
һ뵽飬оҪʡίЭһ£׽Ҫ鵽ֵزίиʡίӦίǵĴڣܰһЩ


1012 
ʡίפ˽Уһܴɧ⼱ȶ棬ȷʡίжķҪ֪ܶϷӳʵڵһЩ⣬ȻŶȴ಻ߣЩ֪ʡί˽еĻ˵ͻᵽʡίԱ״Ӷķ粨
Ҷƽڵ֪ʡίԱפ˽֮ͷȻƽֻ࣬ҪʡίԱпܽյԶͷϣֻҪյԶͷϣԶ˽еĺӾͳ׵ͷˡ
뵽ҶƽûøʩӵѹȻ˵һã֮ǰͨúԭʼɹ飬һֱѹûôˣʱβټӰѻöӦӲϾ
һ룬ҶƽǴ绰ûһ£뷨ͨһ£뷨һԭʼ£ǣڶ࣬Ż˽ơƳԭʼɣҿҶƽʽ뷨Ǯϣͨúԭʼɵ飬ʩѹƶһŭ
ŭҲûãôȻʧְְҶƽ֮󣬻ȥҶ⣬ʱ⻹һȥʡίЭһʡί참飬һʡί̬ȣһĹûϵȹˡ
һкԼ뷨˵һûпڣȿ˿ڣͨúԭʼɵ˵һ飬˵꣬϶ʱܲ˵鲻ѾȥΪʲôҪǵǰҪȶ˽Ĵþ棬ǲǾ˽ڻң
ȴ˵ȫеĴþ治ǰŸžȶõģֻаڳˣάǵľ棬ϴβûеõǰˣøֵҪ֣Ȼǲö⽻
ԵЩܻصϻƣԭʼɵ飬ضʷʱڴڵ˽ơƳƣҲ֪ģЩ˶һЩڴǣô죿ôȥеΣʡô죿ΪʲôҪͱѣ㵽ʲô
һʱ֮£ǰ˺˵ŵҲǹ˽ơƳԭʼɣҪˣķڷһ٣ٶҪ£ʲô֪ԼҲ
û뵽ֱӺᵽ˽ơƳԭʼɵ⣬ڻἰʱ򣬵Ƕȴֱ˳Ŀ޷ʩѹ֪׷ͨúԭʼĺ֪Ѷˡ
Ź˽ơƳԭʼɵûн֮ǰǻѹڶԴҪЮӦеãֲԵ⣬ϾԶⴺȻһССļίܺģʱȥ⣬ҪҶƽ֮ͬо顣
˼һ£˵˽ơƳҲ֪Ҳֻ֪ͨúˣ㲻Ҫ̫
˺ȴǲȻŭ㲻֪֪ؼȥ
Ϊ֪˽ơƳԭʼɵ飬ûؼȥ
ŭӣ侲ص֪֪޹أҴǲ֪顣
ƺ޿ɾҩӣָ˵⻰˵ûãŵ飬˵֪ûõģһϵˣڸЩԾĹҶƽһһͣôȥкôԼúöһ룬ûкô
ȷʵǷˣǸӣȻƽصкôȻкôкôȻ˯žҶԲԼְҵõίǣ
˵ҲǴҲʼôһ˵öⲻ۾оһʶƵģڵôˣⴺ𣿲֪Źԭʼɷ˴ѵ񾭳⣬
ʹְҪٵίǣҲʡί齫룬˵㲻Ը뿪ططǲǾΪ飿Ϊ飬Ҹ㣬ɱң඼ܺĶһ㶼ףǰ׸ɵڵλˣˣְĻᣬֻҪְʡίģͻȻ˵
ԶͻȻͱ˵ƣҲǸоһ⣬ȻҪԿ׵ģΪпֱǣˣԶԲ֣ΪίԵĿԶڲͬˣҪѻˣȻãȻҪûȴС
ʱô죿ǷﵽĿˣҶƽĽǣö֪ѶˣȥԶ󣬶ҪѶôǲǴﵽĿˣ
úõһ룬оʱĶһӦٵ飬ĻỹȥΪԶǣĿľǴﵽˣȥˣҶƽƽ˽ơƳԭʼɵ飬ǲ׸ߴġ
һ룬Ǻ侲صǣֻԼıְǲְ˵Ҳû뵽ô뿪˽ȻһƴʲôͨúҲһӣ濼ǿǣҵĻػҲ˵ʲôʲô
Ϊֱ̬ٱҪͬ⴦ͨúԭʼɷݵ£ֻٿǣҲ˵ʲôˣһ˼أȻĿĻöºҪ⣬ûʱȥȥŵԶˡ
˵껰Ժ󣬻ֱˣ¶һе̫ˣֱǲʶʱ񣬾Ȼһ٣ٶҪ顣
ô죿϶ͬҪͨúԭʼɵ飬ҪСӦԻܲȡһжãûбô죬ֻǿǡ
ȷҪǿˣȻ鵽ʰʱǾˣ˽ƺһɷķ籩˵յһԶ£ʲôӦ治˵
뵽ʡί̽̽Ҫͻһȥģڻ̬ȣȥˣ˵ﵹæԼȥʡί쵼϶ỳɻΪʲôû£Ҫȥʡί쵼ƺʣ¶ǵȥ̽ʡίͼʡί쵼Ļɰ


1013 ȥ
ȽϾɥżô죿æⴺϵһ£ⴺⴺʡί˽е飬ʱһߣ
ӵⴺĵ绰ⴺҲǴһϴѾͻ˵ˣ˽ơƳԭʼɵ飬Ҳǹˣôȥⷽ⣿ǲûӣҪԼȥ
һ룬ⴺ绰⣬˰кͻ˵һ£Ÿ˵ŻŵĻ
оһĵһ룬һűȽϤҲǹԭʼɵ쵼ȥͻ˵һ˵⻰
Ѹٰȥȵصҵʱžһŭߺߵӣô£ǲ͵ȥΪʲôҪ˽ơƳԭʼɵ飿
žֱָ⧲û뵽һصңԼŻ˵£תһ룬һǶⰲ˺˵ʲôˣ򲻻֡
һƽ͸Ҫ͹ٳϵ£˽ơƳԭʼɵ£ûйϵҪʲôģ˸˵ʲôҪű˵ġ
ǻȴѾ˱˹ƻ󣬾ʻΪʲôʲôôѵҪôΪ
͸ЩԭʼɵʱһҲ֪ģЩ˵ĳ£ƻԼԼදһЩӣЩΪʲôĿʲôҪ˱˵ĵ
Ȱ˵ţ飬ŸֱӶ˵Щˣô׬ǮͻᱻûգԺûˡ
ԼõӣҲɴ಻ֱӻԼϢȥˣԼű߹ȥ˵ֱ˵û
ûӣ˼ҵףҪ꣬Ҹ㣬ҶгҪ鷳ˣҶгǰƽ£㲻ҪĽ£һᴦõģЩ˾ͲһˣǵĵԼ㣬ײףðҶƽ˵˳
˻ĻûдôǣҶƽˣѵҶƽѾ֪˴£һ룬ȥʻ˰죬Űһ
һ۾˵ҶгôǮ㽫ʲôǮ˼ң
ûỹ£뽫Ҫ˼ңȻԶһծ
һ˵㻹㻹ʲô˵ҶгǮԺ͸£˵Ժ󻹻ʲô¸㡣
һۣھڸ죬ﵷңô죿Ҫ˽ͷɺԼ£𣿡
оҶƽһܵõٵĺôŷûָ˼СģڶʵǿҪö̫϶
ҲǶһٳˣ󣬾͸Ҫô࣬徻һ㣬һ˵žȻȻȥϴϴһ裬ܵ´ˡ
ҶƽֻһУȻûʲôˣ⿴󣬱Ҳûٸػͨúԭʼɵ¾ʱˡ
ʡίھһ֮󣬾ץֵͨĹԱһӰһѰؼǣҪʡί쵼ʾһԶû⡣
ʱԶʼ磬Ͼǣˣǲ֪Щ˽ȥ֮᲻Ὣ˵˵ʡί᲻
һжδ֪ҵ򲢲֪飬ȻΪǣԶԶɽŰã꾡ش
ʡίϵһ£Զ֪ӽеЩ˶ûб鵽ʡί쵼ðţȻĿҪԶ󣬵Ȼܲ˽Զϵְֹйܵ⡣
ԶһãȻ޺͵ĵزϵһ£ֻܸҪ򶨣ҪڵģֻҪ鴦ʡί϶ҪͨеģϾίǣҪϡ
ҶƽʱȻй۲ľƣʱûΪ飬ǿʼǽ⣬ǵĽҪҵͬʱҪһЩҵͶʺȽ϶ֻ࣬ҪŪˣǾһ˲Ŀ
Ͷ˵һҶƽ׼ȥص̸ǴӦͶʽͬǣȻֻһ򣬾ͶʻҪҵʽȻʽǩЭ飬ʽж˽
ʵ飬ҲҪģʡί참Ҫʱ޿̲ڶţҶƽһ˵ҶƽһȥڼҶƽĺϢ
˰ţҶƽҲûзԣҲöУԼ̣Ϳ԰Լ˼һЩ顣
ֱżˣһжʮˣҶƽ뿪˽Уǰнʣҵ뵽̸һ̸ȻǵͶʡ
һ˺ƺƵؾǰУҶƽ뺣ϵϵǺйҵίһΣæϵҵ
֮ǰʶ뵳УһѧϰͬѧҶƽںҲûʲô˴е׻᲻ջǲġ
ϵǰ·ϵʱ֪ͻȻ˵绰ģôôʱûؾǣؾҲ
֪Ĵ⣬ʱҲǺܽϴλؾֻϪ棬û棬绰ԭҶƽǸԼûʱ䣬ڻæ·ء
֪æʲôҶƽ˵æ̣ȥأһȥ֪Ц˵Լںأþһۡ
û뵽ôɣҶƽ֮ЦŴӦҲҪûʱ䣬Ͼһǳش£ôˣʱûʲôȥԺ󣬶϶ָԱŪһɹ
֪ǰҶƽ϶ҪӦ֮ϵͨ˰ĻŹҶϣԺҶƽһ룬֪ںʲôأԼղҲûϸ
ԺҶƽҲûȥ£Ǻȥ˺֮λҵίλ᲻ҵ̸һ̸ܲһá
ҲûеףϾ⹤ҵίֻ뵳УͬѧϵҲֻһ㣬Ȼϵϣǲãڵֻ֮ܿһҪԼ̸ҵͶʲУڴҵίλô


1014 ܺţ
˺֮ҶƽפƵ꣬ѷźãź֮󣬱׼ϵеĹҵίκҵܽǢ̸
뺣йҵίνϵ⺣еĹҵίνӵĵ绰֮Ǹ˹֮Ҷƽ档
еĹҵίҶƽƽĸɲҶƽԺ󣬵Ȼ̫ǫ΢ЦҶƽ֣ͱʾҶƽĻӭ
ֵӣҶƽҲԵñȽ֣΢Цʾл˼Ժ󣬾һڴƵ˲͡
극Ժ󣬴ҾϢһ£ȻúеĹҵίϵҵܣԼ̸Уҵ˽ʵİ취Լǵ뷨
ʱ֪ͻȻ绰ĶˣҶƽպ˯ѣ˵绰ͰԼסĵص֪Ȼȴ֪ĵ
һСʱңҶƽǴţһȻ֪ͷϪһˣҶƽ֮󣬷ϪЦŵƽ磬û뵽һİɣǲǸһϲ
ҶƽһȻǾϲصôˣΪֻθһ˹أ
ϪЦҹйɰѵֻҶ
֪ԱЦϪйµأҲйҪ˱һˡ
Ҷƽصθ磬ʲôҪϪй¹˵ҪйǾͲˡ
֪һЦҹҲ˽£˽Ҳǹ£Ĺ²һҪߺ˵һ˵׼4SĿȨʲôˣʣ
ҶƽһǺһЦҲ̫ˣҲҺ̸һ̸׼ǱͶʣǣǲѾˣ
֪ЦЦûҸոռҵҪϪҪ̸ģ˳ҵ˵ˡ
û뵽Ҷƽ֪ôˣ֪ǽŷϪ֮ʣȻ˼ܴӦ鰡֪ġ
Ϫ֪Ļֻ֮ЦЦû˵ʲô֪4SĿȨһٵڣһ׬Ǯ飬֪Ҳûʲô׷󣬾ŷ׬Ǯˡ
⺣ôҶƽһ¾ʵ
֪ţĺܣϪסҵ鲻һܰɣʣӦû⣬Ϊ
֪ĻҶƽһ룬о˵Ҳǣ֪ͷϪһ졣
һ磬֪ͷϪҲƵס£׼ٴߣڶ죬Ҷƽȥ뺣ŵܵļ棬йҵίθʶ
Ҷƽ˺ŵܲйҵίδһ˼ŵİ칫ңͦŴӳӭӣȥϣڸ߼Ա
Ҳѹ֣ƴ֣ĶһеĹҵίι⺣ܲ£гίǹ⺣ܲŻȥӭӡ
йҵίδҶƽ֮󣬱Ҷƽܿ˿ҶƽǼ򵥵һ֣ҶƽǸе֪Բ鰡ǷϪס֪黹治һܰɡ
֮󣬺еĹҵίξܽҶƽһǰ̸һͷҶƽһ۵ĿǰûжͶʵļƻҶгңҿΪ
һֱӾܾԼҶƽЦ˵ܣ⻰ȲҪ˵㵽˽ȥͶһ˫ӮĽǻûн˽еأô;ܾǰɣ
Ҷƽ˻һܸеĵ㣬Ϊһʡĵؼг˺㲻ʲôǾȻ˵˲򵥰´أǹϵ󣿻߶߽У
ܲǶ࿴Ҷƽۣ˵˽мʹٺõߣûͶʼƻҲǲܶͶʵġ
Ҷƽ΢΢һЦȴ˵ܣ֪ǹ˾ĿǰڽʰɣڵĻ٣ûͶʼƻôҪأ
ʵµȻǷϪģ黹ûм֪һȴǴһ˵ʲôͷô֪ǵҵܣҲ̫˰
ܲһ۾ֿҶƽ²飬һʱ֮ǲýҶƽĻˣΪҶƽҳĵϸһʱеЩΡ
йҵίʱ˸Բ˵ܣҶг˽Ļһ°ɡ
ܳһ˵ǺðɣҶг͸ǽ
ɫȽѿ˵ûͶʼƻ£Ҷƽ˽һ¡
ǽʮӣÿȥǺͷҶƽԱ߿оε֮δػ˳ܲ顣
֮󣬺Ҳûбʲô̬úйҵίҲǸеΣΪʹͶʣҲҪֳһ̬ͶͶʻǺԼ˵
ǺĻ˵ǲˣûа취еĹҵίξ˵ܣҶггǰĿľ̸һǽûͶʼƻԵȵٽһ̸
˺йҵίΣ˵鲻˵ʹҲҪмоģɣȵоٴҶг
ܾ֮⣬Ҷƽһ̸ȥûˣʹ˽Ҳаɣ⺣ôоЩװɴ಻ˣֻǻص˽ýûʲôɹͦѿġ
ʱҶƽֻˣҶƽһߵԱ߽ǷϪģϪ˫̸ôûнչ
ҶƽǸȷʵôģ׼ٺ̸ˣظһϪǸ˵ȱ𼱣ȥкһвУٴظ
Ϫĵ绰Ҷƽǻݣո£ܵĵ绰ˣһҲǼæߵԱȥӣΪ
绰ȻǷϪģΪʲô£ǿһ䣬ַϪȴΪҶƽһϪ˵Щ£Ҳ֪ҶƽΪʲô֪ǹ˾ʵˣԭǷϪ֮Ĺϵǳ
ܶԷϪ֪֪׵ģ֪ھǵҴ˴Ҫ÷ϪæʣȻҪԷϪϹϾ֪治֪Ϫùϵղһ֪ûʲôʽְҵԲûо֪ܲ𣬵ǷϪҲ֪£ҲòӦ֪Ҫ󣬶û뵽ڷϪҪˡ


1015 ϪҪ
Ϫĵ绰⺣ܾ˻ȻҶƽıǷ˱仯һ¾ЦŶҶƽ˵ҶгҪɣǿǩһ򣬵ͶʼƻʱǵǿһеĻǻͶʵģ㿴вУ
ǺеĹҵίһǸ˵صҶгҿԣǩһٿǿǣȽ׵
˺ܵĻҶƽһ룬оҲǻص˽ýҲûʲôãĻʲô壿⺣ưĺܣαطǵʲôԼΪ˽ȥŪˣĻƲˣʵ뷨һʱȨ֮ơ
һ룬ҶƽҲܷϪ˵ʲô˿еĹҵία˵ΣȻûͶʼƻҲͲˣȵͶʼƻʱ̸ллǵİȻȥɡ
ҶƽǱ̬ȣеĹҵίξǸеЩãˣֻЦһ£û
Ա߿ˣ֪Ҷƽʲô˼ܲܰһ˰ɣʱ޷Ҷƽ˵ʲô⺣еĹҵίοҶƽһۣҲǲȰ˵ʲôֻٴ˵һҶгǩһ
ҶƽȴվˣʲôľͲǩˣлǩɣллΡܣȻؾƵˡ
ҶƽǩˣеĹҵίΣҲǸееϧǺʲôҲû˵ǩǸˣڲǩǾͲܹˣϪ֪Ҳܹ
Ҷƽ뿪йҵίο󣬱Ǻ˵˼仰֪ҶƽƢȻˣ϶ǲܸˣ֪˽ίⲻ֪οκ֮С
ԭ뺣ǩĻԶι˽һºӪȻԺһȫ˽⣬һĺ򶼲ǩˣǻʲô˼
ȻҲûԤϵôҲҶƽԸǩˣСһӵ⣬ܲӣͷҲǷǳĲ
ֻȻصƵˣصҾƵ֮ҶƽҲûк˵ǻصԼķ䣬еҲ֪һĹοչǲҪϵҵʹҵֻҪԸ⵽˽ͶʵҵǶ̸һ̸Ҫõ㶫ȥȻֿտգ޷ҶƽҲÿгԳһûӵ顣
ҶƽڻصҲûʲôָʾֻҲǻصȣҶƽָʾҶƽ϶⣬Ҷƽѹ
Ҷƽص󣬷Ϫ֪ˣǴԼķ˽֮Цʵƽ磬ǸӴӦûӦ㣿
ȻָǺܣҶƽ˵Ҫǩʲô飬ҿĲϣǩҲǰǩûкǩ˺ﲻ̤ʵ粻ǩ
Ϫ֮Ȼ˵ǲǩĻǰðɣ
ҶƽЦҲ֪ãҲԸŪһûĶһɣллϪ
ϪɫһһôڼѩҲǲ
ҶƽһЦеʱҲӣû˼ķ֮䣬ƽʱҲ˵лл֮Ļ𣿡
ϪЦǻĲһף˵ллʲôģǾ̫ˣʣ
ҶƽЦҺѩ֮˵϶ʣ˵ѵҲʰ
һҶƽЩЦӣϪͻȻоæҶƽһ˵Ǻѣ֮Ҳǲ˵ġ
ҶƽǺһЦ֮ô˵֮ǿ˵ģֻз֮䲻˵
ϪһµĿҲˣȻҪ˵лң˵ôлҰɣ
Ϫʹ˽ƢҶƽǹһЦ˵ôлɣֻҪĵģһ
ϪŤͷ˿ҶƽͻȻһ㣬صصޣܲĵ
˵꣬Ϫϱͨ죬Ҷƽһ⻰һԼҲˣһƽѩģһǸ߿ģҲǳˣڷϪȻæޣԼģɲУ֪Ϊɵģ߿ǰޣ˺ӣ޷˵ʲôϪȴ򲻿ɣĻƽ֪Ҳǻġ
Ϫ㷢˰ɣҶƽæַڷϪǿŽĶͷϣŷϪǺ
Ϫȴؿ۾ôģҶƽ͸о۾ðһŻ𣬷·ҪƵģŵüæ㿪˵ϪôˣҪСץҶ󰡣
Ϫȴץסĸ첲ҲҶ󣬾㣬Ⱳӳˣ˭Ҳˣ
ҶƽһӾˣתŷϪ˵Ϫں˵ɶأмҵˣܺһ𰡣Ҫġ
ϪȴǼֵ֪Ҳ㷸𣿡
Ҷƽصҷ𣿡
ϪֻСֲҽ飬Ƿʲô󡣡
Ҷƽ۾ϪС£ǷǻʲôǷɲ밡Ĺ۵Ҳ̫ǰˡ
ϪȴЦ˵ǲñ֪ѵǻñ֪
Ҷƽ˿˵ñ֪ҲǷ󰡣˵ʲô취ñֽ֪ǰסġ
Ϫȴ˵ֻҪͷֽǿ԰סġ
ҶƽоϪҲ߻ħˣʵ˵ֽôסģ
Ϫ׼ȥ⣬Ѻû֪ôµģҶƺˡ
ҶƽһϪ㲻ҪңҿûдӦһ򲻿ɵ飬Ҳܷ󣬶Ҹܵഺ
ϪҶƽĻ֮ȴ˵ƽ磬һʲôഺʮˣٲͲˣֲԸһԾ
ҶƽֵϪҵĺãǲײ֪Ҳǻģѵúһûаְְ
Ϫȴ˵ҰֲµģҺģô˵ûаְأֻǲñ֪ˣͲҪ̫òã
Ҷƽȴҡͷ¿ɲУҲҶԲ㣬ҲԲѩ֪һֱҺãĲ
ϪͻȻЦҶƽ֮еһĪæϪôˣôͻȻЦˣЩ˰


1016 ֪Ķ
ϪЦЦҶƽеϷëԼûдӦ̼˰ɣĻûа취ˣҲܴӦ
˿ҶƽϪЦǰϣҶƽҲûд𻰣һϪֹסЦ˵ƽ磬ҵϷݵôûа㳹׸ţ㣬ѩԵף̽ģ
ҶƽҲˣû뵽ϪôƤȻôһ̫еˣôһ룬ǸеЩΣΪղŵֵеˣ˵Ϫϲ翪ЦղŻˣѩôɵģ
ϪԴûôģôоôǲǸоͦˬģ
ҶƽЦˬģûңҵûؼѩΪʲôҪⲻǲ𣿡
ϪȴѹֵʲôһʣҾͲ¶ѩԺǲˣǧҪ˵
Ҷƽһ˵ڸңΪʲôղʵһΪĻ
һҶƽ˵Ϫȴ̾һ˵ΪŪٳأڿǶˣںԶ߸߷ɣҲҪ˺ѡ
ŷϪı飬ҶƽоЩ벻ˣղŵĴЦԼܾΣ˵ʲôƽѩ̽ԼģҲһдʣ뷨ҲǸеΪˡ
ϪǧҪ뷨ʲô¾ͺ˵ʲô˵ڸ߳ͳжȹڵͳʱҪѧڸ߳ʱ򣬾ҪѵͷԣҶƽοŷϪ˵
ҶƽĻϪȴǺ˵Ҵûи߳
⻰һҶƽȻˣǱʲô˼أǺȥһ£Ϫһһץס֣ؿҶƽĿһԹ޵ֳĿ⡣
ƽ磬ңϪ۾ҶƽлռһϢա
ŷϪǿպСɵ촽ҶƽеԼЩ鲻ԽһֱرϪ֮ĸ飬оԼҲǿƲסˣ˶ǸĶû˿ȫѪ飬ƽڸ˵㡣
ڿͣмӣҶƽؿϪһ¾ǵոսӴϪʱϪͻȻס޷Ϫֿɲһ֮ƣ˶ȼˡ
֪һ˶ãϪʼ˺ϵ·ҶƽͷԻһЩ侲оԲУҲ˵ϪĹϵܣҲﰡΧģͻȻô죿Ҫ¶ڵġ
ϪϪղŲ˵ҪҴӦ㣡ҶƽоϪ˵ϣͣҪټȥˡ
һҶƽ⻰Ϫɿ˿ڣҶƽ˷ܵص˵ʲôӦˣɲ׼ڣ
ŷϪеӣҶƽ룬»ЩԥΪܻһµǰֻ˵ҴӦôᷴڣ£ʱԷڡ
Ϫȴ˵ҷʲôҸ˻أ
˵꣬ϪȥҶƽҶƽæˣҪˣҪӲڡ
ΪʲôڣҼĻ١Ϫǽ˵
Ҷƽ˵ﲻУǲǲҪ֪ɲУʱ˵ģ˿žͲˡ
Ϫ˿ţعͷ˵ģ˽гҲɧ㣬ղײգǾڣ
Ҷƽæ˵Ҫ紳أ
Ϫȴ˵ģҲš
Ҷƽˣ˵ðɣҪ֪ˣ˵ɱҡ
Ϫһŭ˵ңҸհ£ʲôҵģ˵ƽʱôãʲôʱ˵ˣڻҵ¡
ҶƽϪ֪ʲôʱҲôˣϪһ˵ַ꣬ҶƽҶƽһҲһʱе˷ܡ
˼ƻʱû뵽Ƶ귿ıˣ£ҶƽͷϪ˲Ҷƽæֹס˷Ϫ˵ͣš
Ϫ§סĲ˵Ҫǣгòͻߵġ
Ҷƽȴ˵ԣҸо磬һòͻߵģ˺ü£һ硣
Ϫȴǲŵصû¹ʲôҪǼ
Ҷƽ˵ңأ㲻ڷ䣬϶
ϪҶƽĻתһ룬пܣŵĻ˵ͻҾƵķԱ򿪣Ļ濴ҶƽһĻǾ鷳ˣ֪ʲô¶ܸɳˡ
Ϫϸһ룬æ·ʰһ£ȻҶƽҲʰһ·ȥţϪϻһЩκ죬ҲֻΣ
ƽʲôôʱ䲻ţΪ㲻ڣ׼ҪأһҶƽţ֪Ǵֵ˵ûע⵽ķϪϪһ˵Щڣ֪Ͳˣ֪ûʵ˭֪ţ롣
Ҷƽûüػ֪һ䣺Ϫǲ
˵濴ȥϪһۿǳҸʲô
һϪ֪Ц˹ȥ˷ϪԱ˵ãһȥ㷿ûˣΪԼأʲôʱؾǣ
Ϫ˵磬Ȼȥɣ죬Щ»ûаꡣ
֪̲صʲôûаꣿһҲģҪǲߣҾ죬һ¡
Ϫһתͷ˵ʲôﲻҪ棬£Ȼؾɣæȥɣй¡
ϪȻؾ֪е֣ϸ˿ͻȻ˵˵ãôô죿ȵģ
ϪһԼˣ٣˵ȵģҵȥϴȥ
Ϫæһ£ϴȥʱ֪תҶƽҶƽıҲ֣վƺҲȻͻȻʶ˵ƽϪڷʲôˣ˶˰ɣ
û뵽֪Ȼô˵ҶƽˣϪһϴϴ֪Ķ˵˵ʲôŲҸ
֪÷Ϫĺۣæ˵ããץ֣Һ˵˵ʲôûпҲ˵˻𣿡


1017 ϵ
Ϫɿ֪Ķ䣬֪˶һ£ŷϪŭı飬Ǹ̾ãҷڲһˣôҵĶ䣬ԺͲһˡ
ϪȴǺߵ˭˵˵Һƽֻڷ죬ղź˵ʲôˣ
֪æƵúãͼ˵ˣ˵ĻģʲôҲûɣȻţ˭Ҳû˵ǲģ
֪˵ţҶƽԱˣǲ˵ʲô˵£ͷ᲻ãȻֻϪ㲻ҪϹɣҺƽ̸飬ǺǸܵ飬ܲƽӣҸ绰ˣôαԺ뷨һ¡
һ֪Ǵ˵Сӻ⸱ԣԺ뷨Ұѵ꽨֮󣬾Ǹһ£ɪ
Ϫƴ֣һ˲ҲԴƽǾǲˣԺ뷨Ըһ¡
ҶƽԱ֮˵Ҳûʲôʲô̬Ҳ޹ˣǵǲҪϣͷϵҵ˽Ͷʡ
ҶƽĻ֮󣬷Ϫ˵ƽǴȣЩʱҾǲ˵ˣǮ;˲ˣһ˾ǿϣίȥͲǰˡ
֪СӾ͸һ£㿴ǸҪ꣬ҲǴӦǿҰֲλˣҿϪܹȻ»첻ɣƽҪٰܻ֮Ƶġ
ҶƽЦθ磬ҪƽĶԴЩ£˶иԵģҲǺܸԺǿǲܰ˼̫ˡ
ԣʲôԣûٴģҪٴģɶҲûˡ֪˵
Ҷƽ΢ЦûϪ˿֪˵ʲôʱȥ𣿡
֪ⲻǹʲôʱߣ
Ϫ߰ɣҵȵߡ
֪ǲͬôУҵ㣬һȥҪ£æģҲ㲻𣿡
ϪΣֻ˵ķϢȥɣû鲻Ҫҡ
֪һڨڨһ룬ȻվǺãҲˣһȥϢȥ
Ҫ߳ȥˣҶƽ߹ȥһţ϶£ϪһҲҶƽķˣһ룬Ǻ֪һ˳ȥȴôĲʣԼϸҶƽ֮ĺ¡
˳ȥҶƽý֮һ£ǼѰ̸󣬻뿪ص˽ȥص˽ûʲôɼýҶƽʲô㡣
ҶƽȻҲڿ⣬ֻһʱûãһûü룬÷Ϫˣ¡
һ£Ҷƽ˵һûпǺãȲҪżôȷһ£ںĴתתϢһ£ˣϵˣٸ˵
һҶƽ˵֪ʱ˽ˣһôҷһ£֪϶ܸˣҶƽ˽Ҫϣڳܷɣллˡ
ҶƽָʾȥԺ˴ҾǺܸˣںĴתһתҶƽϵ֮پô졣
֮ҶƽҪҶϵһ£ҶеίǡʡίίˣǱҲŴ͵ҵβתȥ￴һ
ֻȥڴ˴г̼ƻ֮УҪί㱨һ£㱨£˵ⲻͬأںûʲôѵͻʲôˣͲÿԼЦ
һ룬ί㱨Լʱıг̣ǰֻҪȡóɹȥԺһίɼ
ҶƽԺ󣬱ǴȥոմӦҷһ£ôҷһ°ɣȥ
Ҳһʱ˺ϪϵķˣģǷϪȴֱӴ˽ʱҲǸոϴ裬һžǿϪվķǰҶƽæ˽ñ˿
Ϊ֪ͷϪҶƽѣҲûж룬ǿϪϽԼķ䣬Ǿǻˡ
˷Ϫ֮Ҷƽоͦεģ˯£ŷϪϴ֮֮ǰѾˣҲ˵ȥ·ˡ
˯£ϪЦƽ磬ô˯ô磿
ҶƽæЦҲ˯磬ϴ磬ϴ֮׼ϴһӣһ˯
ϪЦߵҶƽߣ˵ƽ磬Ҫгŵ
һۣҶƽЦŵʲôŵô˹Ǿ£
ϪȴǹⱾ˵ƽ磬ǹװͿģȥϴѽ
Ϫ𡭡ҶƽæȥֹǷϪȴѾϴȥȻ߱·
һϵ·Ƥѩ۷۵ģҶƽֱҪеԼؿҪϢⲻҪ˲ǣ
ŷϪ߽ϴ䣬Ҷƽϴϡﻩ͸ԼԼ壬ʲô°ѵԼҪϵ
ҶƽͻȻеԼǳĽţҳϴǸ򿴣ǰѵӻһЩĿתؿŵӣʱ򣬷ϪȴǴض˵ƽ磬һ·
һҶƽһ£ϴأԼθ˯£˵ˣҪǲÿ϶С
һ룬Ҷƽֻ߹ȥһۺɫ˯´ϴŷݹȥ
ŤͷȥϪǷϪȴֳ˵ƽ磬òһ㣬Һýš
Ҷƽһͷһֻۣվ˶ˣͷĿѣġ
ϪһתͷҲǿֻҶƽĿЩЦƤصôˣ˼ҵôÿҪҲһ±ɣ
Ҷƽæҡҡͷ˯¾ǵݸǷϪȴûнӣЦЦվһ£ϴ꣬ϴ֮ٴϡ
Ҷƽˣվϴ갡վסǳջ󰡣ҪվסǾͲˡ
ǵϴ꣬ٵݸ㡣Ҷƽæְ˯˳ȵϪϴٵݸûϴſڣŷϪϴ衣
һˣϪǰЦⷬҶƽܲˣΪϴ֮Ҷƽһ˴һܺõ̵氡


1018 ˼
ϪҶƽķ䣬ҪҶƽԼĳŵҶƽﻹʮֵìܣϾϪĹϵôãͬã֮ĹϵͻȻˣͷǹֵֹģˣӦϪҪʵֻһʱȨ֮ƣûҪʵ˼ڷϪ͹Ҫгŵ⻹˵
Ϫϴڲ壬ϾҪϴˣҶƽȻûȥһת۾ͻῴϪǿ壬Щ޷ƣѾز޷ܾˣȻǵµĺԭ򵥣Ŀǰ˵о޷ˡ
ƽ磬˯ϪӣʼҶƽл
ҶƽæӦһȻ˹ȥȻתͷ˯ٴεݸӣϪЦƽ磬Ҫתͷȥ߰
Ҷƽˣûתͷȥֻǰ˯µݸ۾ãץ˯´ϰɡ
Ϫһƽ磬ǲ˼ҳòÿ㲻Ը⿴
Ҷƽֵ˯£Ϫһʱ֮ûнӣ㻹ǲתͷȥǺЦŵҵḶ́ץ˯½ӹȥҪŰ
ҶƽǱ۾˯ùȥ÷ϪȽţǷϪٳûȥӣЩżԾǴһ£֮ûжȵͷһȴǷַϪȻ˯Ҳ߳ˣ
Ϫ΢ЦĵҪ߳ģҶƽһͷǿҶƽæתͷȥ˵ô˯Ҳˣ
ҴϪʮ˵ӾߵҶƽǰ
ոϴɢһ˵Ů㣬ҶƽѣʱûƽѩһѾǺǿˣԷϪջܵ˰ѾǼΪԼˡ
ҶƽתϪһ˫۾ҲǿĿԣͬһڷŵ磬ֱЩ˸о嶼Ʈ䣬Ȼûдӵһֱ̫ˡ
ƽ磬Ҵ˯°ҶƽЩմı飬ϪͻȻЦҶƽʵûκεŤ֮
Ҷƽһ۾оΣʵϷϪ˾վԼǰûκεڵȫһԣÿһλĿ֮£޷赲Լ۾ȥһС
ҶƽæϪ˯£˰Ϫ˯£ȻߵŴϣҶƽг˺طȻҪסĴ󴲷Ҫͳ׷ģе̫ݳޣû÷ס䷿Ӧһ˵סõģҲסıá
Ϫ˴ϣǰһϵ֣ȸղŻˣҶƽҲûϪ￴ϵš
Ϫ˹˿Ҷƽǵƽ磬ʲôÿģﲻӾ磬ġ
ҶƽͷЦһ˵ҲϲӾ磬Ӿû˼̸˵ģҲûʱ俴ƽʱǿһţ˽һʱ
ϪҶƽƣҶƽˣ˵쵼ɲû˼쿴ţû
ҶƽЦһµϪڹҲҪ˽һʱϿӾ硣
ϪͻȻһ§סҶƽĶ˵ʱ¹ʲô°ֻԼͿˣƽ磬ƽʱؼңѩôһģ
⻰ʵҶƽ§ԼҲ޷ˣǷʵѩʲôˣ
ϪЦǰҾˣҺóʱûˣҶǷ˵ǳȤأ
ĺè㻹ǲҪ˰ɡҶƽЦһ£˷Ϫһ±ӡ
Ϫû뵽Լӣ㲻˵ƽ磬ǲǻСӰ
ҶƽǺһЦûˣûˣֻҵĺãҪ㻹ǻ˯ȥɣ
ȥģƭߣ÷ĳŵгŵھǿܲһЩϪ§סҶƽĲӣЦš
Ҷƽһʱ벻Լ˵ĽǶ˵ҪģȴԸԸϪĹϵ
Ҷƽ˵ˣһֱŵӿϪһ룬ǻЦһƽ磬һ顣
֪ҪʲôҶƽ˵һҪʲôʾ£
ϪǺЦƽ磬㣬зӦû
ͲϪһʣҶƽоԼϺΣľȻؿ˿Ϫ˵ʲôӦҸûʲôӦڿأ
ҶƽſڽӣϪϺһƬͻȻ˵ҲûзӦ
Ϫһߣ˵ͬʱͻȻȥҶƽ˽֮Ҷƽûϵô󵨣һϪҲǹڼͣһץסŵһɿ֣
תȥ۾ϪһĺΣȥҶƽȻ˵ƽ磬ƭң̫㣡
ҶƽһʱѿҲû뵽Ϫôֻһ˵ѣںˣƭˣʵû˼
ŷϪԱߺҶƽǲ֪˵ʲôˣ뵽תȥοһ£ȴûӻûתȥϪͻȻ˵Ļ˾˽ȥ
⡭ҶƽԼĻָ壬ֻ뵽ΪֹԸȥһĶӵڶ糿˾ͺˡ
ڶ糿ʱ򣬷ϪȷʵˣǲǴźߵģǴЦߵģһҹ˶ǳ񣬴ûмķҶƽǸеԾȶԼıָеԾͬʱҲԷϪıָеԾ
˻˯ȥʱҶƽ治֪ԼлУоԼһ⡣
̫֮ĸ飬һ̱޷ܾҲ޷ܣͬϪҲ鲻Խؽϵһ
ŷϪ뿪Լķ䣬ҶƽͻȻоЩյģƽѩ֪»ô죿᲻һ٣
ƽѩ֪Ļ黹ǲð죬Ů˵ĶСģƽѩô󷽣Ҳο˻ǷϪ
ҶƽͻȻЩ˼룬ϪĽһЩ裬Ҳŵ˼룬Ůеʱһ˲˼ҵҩھǳҩˡ
Ҷƽһ룬ֹס˺˼ͷʼȥʵ飬Ҷͨ绰֪Ҫ̣ӦʲôҪֵ֧ģȻ֧֡
һ뵽ˣҶƽ´˼˳ںһ죬Ͼȥ


1019 
ͷϪһҶƽҪȥϪһҲҪȥҪͬУҶƽһͷǴˣôУ֪ˣǿҪ֮ĹϵˣҲ״ȥƽѩˡ
Ҷƽôһ룬Ǹ߷ϪȥĿΪ̣ܶ࣬ǰȥϪ֮󣬾ǲԸ⣬վҶƽǰԭϪȻô֮ûϵͷϵĲ֮ͬ
ͷϪ˵˰죬Ҷƽǰ˵ȻϪͺ֪뿪˾ǣȥ
ҶƽķԸһȥҲ֪Ҷƽʲô⣬ҶƽȥȻǸȥʲôȻҶƽ˵㡣
ԺҶί칫ǰȥӭҶƽȵһ·ɻʱǿкöӻǸе𾪣ô£ôǰӻһôˣһһЩ
ҶƽҲû뵽Ҷӻ˷ɻԺֻǰӻֱӿڲ˵ǰӻ˲򵥣һ棬ܣ֪ǰӻ˾Ȼί칫ΣҲеܾȣ˵ˡ
ί칫ηǳ΢ЦźҶƽ֣ǽϳ˽лû´˵һʧǰسв´һֱı֣ȥԺ뷨һ´
ί칫ΰҶƽǸӵ齵ĴƵ꣬ƵһǼĴƵ꣬жפԺ󣬴ҾǸеҪںסĺãںҶƽûȥסǼƵ꣬ֱίˡ
ס˾ƵԺίİ칫ξҶƽϢһ£Ϣٰ飬Ҷƽͷʾͬ⣬ͬʱʾлίİ칫˵ҶǵİţһжҪ
еܵˣȻίǵİţίǸʡɲҵιеίǵˣһܸߵλãβɲǴίǵϽʡίǵ
һ뵽ˣô˴ˣΪҲβɵĵ֪˽ʱӦ뷨ʣǵʱϵĺûе̣˵ǹ
ίҶҶƽҲҶҶƽߺ󣬰ŵôãе㻳ҶƽίǵĹϵҶƽ㱳ϵĴԺܶ࣬Ǵû˳֤ʵҲ˵Ҷƽȷбϲ㲻Ըñ֪»ʹˣ֮ûдΪһ㼶֮󣬾û´ˣ漰ܵĶ
ҶƽǾʱھƵϢɵϢϪ͸һţס
һϪ˶ţҶƽЦȻ͸һոյסݣڴϡ
ϪһǸһһڴԼûУ˵ʵҶƽһͺǺȻ˵ʵĻû뵽Ͼոڴϣʱȥ
Ҷƽһ£͸һ˵ûأ䣬׼ϢСһأϪǱ߹һϸһ˵ǲҲҪҸ̫㡣
ҶƽһֺǺһЦصĿռ㰡ȻʱͿռȥ㣬˰ɣ
⻰һأҶƽЦоô̸Ƶģ˵һЩŮϲĺûƽѩ߿һʱҲûǲ̸˵ıˣ
пܣʱֻһǻ飬ûо飬Ҳûôḻ֪ʶ֪֮ʶḻˣ۽ҲǿˣŮȻǺգˣҲΪʲôеŮϲԭ
ϪȻŮĹϵ˵ôˣֻǷϪĸ龭һЩĸ龭̫ḻˣϪ֮ĹϵǸоֻصഺ¡
ϪһҶƽϢһ֣æָҶƽһϢ˵ѵҲҪѩ𣿺ָһƤӡ
ϢҶƽһ֣һ룬صѩϵͳ̣Ͳתˡ
ϢһҶƽŲҪٺˣȻԽԽȥûһᣬϪǷһܲ˵Ϣ˵ƽ磬ǲǸжؾжص
ԼҶƽǺһЦͬʱüͷϪƽѩͳɣ֮ǰɲԼİŮ˵Ļ治š
һ룬ҶƽһҲճԵģѵжؾжذ˼ˣҪϢˡ
عȥ֮Ҷƽ׼ϢǷϪܿͻ˹˵ϵͳأ
ҶƽһоˣСûװҪƽѩͳԼѾһλˣ϶ǲˣƽѩ֮˵İ
һ룬ҶƽصϵͳҲҪжأ̨Ǿǻˣ϶ҲװϵͳˣԻǲҪжصĺá
ȥ֮Ҷƽ͵ſϪλظ뷨һϪȻַ˻ֻдǺǣƽ磬ŵģ˵ĻҲᷴڵģҸԸжؾжصǸѩϵͳ̵ģͲҪˡ
ţҶƽһϪһõŮˣ룬ͷ࣬ȻЩҪĵٵľҲûа취ˡ
ţҶƽһ룬ָһ˵꣬羴㡣
Ϫֻһ쳤ؾãҪ顣
Ҷƽһͷζһ£оãϪҲһŮΪҲͻͱŮ˵˵ЩԼſ϶ǲ˵ģеһõĴڡ
뵽ˣҶƽָһˣҪϢˣ쳤ؾǸôʣǶס
صҶƽٻˣϪյ֮󣬾ζҶƽĻҲǾþûٸҶƽعȥԭʱ˼Ҷƽ˵ЩڿԺҶƽˣȻҶƽһ𣬵Ҷƽ죬Ҳеá
ţҶƽϢ֮Ҳ˯ţԺﻹϳַϪӰϪո죬˼˵ϣϪ˴ҲŻ治ôҶ񿴵ˣǾͺܲˣȻ˵Ҷһ㲻£Ǵȥ֪ˣ鷳ˡ
ⶫʵһȻϪܺãҲʲô⡣


1020 йµ
ϣҶƽϢ֮ί칫ιϵ׼ϸǽӷϴ֮ǰҶ˵绰źûУҶƽ˵ŵĺܺãھƵϢ
Ҷ͸һԶٷȻѷֹܾùĸгйȥϵĺʵ˾̸
ҶƽϾǺܸ˵ıʾϵϣҹ˾˽Ͷʣؽ˽еľ÷չһܺúƶá
˵֮󣬵ϣί칫ϵȻǰѴҾۼƵڵڣ䣬ҶƽȰǸټ˷ţҶϾ࣬һֱͬǣ˼ǿˡ
ǻ֪ҶܹΪί칫ιͬǳԳԷͺ˲ˣҪ֪˺е쵼ʲôûأֻǸйҵίӴǡ
ȻΪҶƽûںʶ쵼ֻ뺣ίҵί뵳УͬѧϵҲǲȻҲ뺣мߣ˼ҵ쵼ţƣԸˡ
˲ᣬί칫ξǹˣûϵľҶƽί칫εͬ¹ˣͬеĻһг֮ҶƽȻæȥӭӡ
ҶƽҶǺһЦƽǺ֮ô
ҶƽһЦֻתĿĻǵ
ҶƽһӰȥ¸תȥˣϾںûʲôջ˵ˣһתĻҶ˶˵Цˡ
ȴЦ꣬ҶǶ˵ƽԭڰʡʱϲ£ڵһҪдãǽҪˣʲôµȵ˵
Ҷǹ⻰˵˳ôҾҶƽʲôĹϵʵ쵼ϲ֮Ĺϵһ˵ŻȻ򣬲Ҷƽ֮ܵί¡ؽӴΪҶƽҶͬڰʡиɹ˵ĹϵС
ˣͨ飬ҶǸʡ쵼һôҪеίǣ⣬ҶҶ飬ֻҪӦʲôţҶƽϲ£ڹϵôãҶƽԺǰ;϶
ҶҶƽ˵Цһ֮󣬱ҶͬҳԷǵȻǸеǳ¡أںǾͲһֻҪίǵ֧֣ʵ鿴еˡ
ҶƽҶһҶ˷ֹܾùĸгҶƽʶˣгȻҪҶģҶԸôô
֮󣬴ұ㿪ʼȾƣҶľУҲȰľƣֻǱʾһ˼ˣڳҲ̫˷ܵغȾƣ˹һҶվ˵滹һ飬Ҫȥһ£øгͬǺȾƣίκһȥһ¡
ҶҪߣҶƽȻҶ࣬ģҶ֮ҹ֣Ȼ뿪ˡ
Ҷ뿪֮󣬴ȻǾͷһЩгʼкŴҺȾƣеĸгҲǸ䣬ҶƽƽҶƽ컹ҪæʱȻҪྴƣһϵϤˡ
ҲȥгľƣڲҲҪһȾƣ߾ҶƽľƣһϵվŨ
СʱҶǺ˲٣Եö˷ܣ֮󣬸гǱȽ˷ܣҪŴȥһ£ұȺӦҶƽҲǹܲˣҶͷϣֹˣҪһˮˣҶƽҲû
һֱʮһӲŽصҶƽϴˢһ£ʱȥֻһͷַϪָ˶ţкüûʶһֻдţ˯ţ˯
ţҶƽһ£оոһ𣬷Ϫ˼ˣǺãһ룬͸һҪ˯ոպ˾ƣͷԷͣôû˯
һϪŻع˵˯˯ţμ㣬Ҹȥöã
Ҷƽ룬ʲôĻǲˣҲøˣæһţ˵˼ˣμҸʲô컹飬Ϣɣ˯Ƥǲð
ôһ仰ϣܲ˯ţҶƽָмľ֮УҲ֪Ӧ飬ֻȰϪˡ
ҶƽţϪеʧ֪ҶƽĹæţҲϲ˯һǷһŹȥ˵˯ɡ
Ϫ⵭һ仰Ҷƽ֪ôʱľãҲֻˣ˵ˣ˵ȥûûˡ
˵ڶ죬Ҷƽ£оԴϪҲԣһŰɣûС
һ룬ҶƽǸϪһЦûУ緹ΪϪʱû뵽ϪܿǷ˶ţ˵ǺǣأӦæİɣ
ҶƽЦЦָصأҪȥ̣ܼް֪᲻˳
Ϫܿ˻ţ˵Ҷڣ˳Ҳ˳ںﲻæǲ˼
ҶƽǺǵЦ˵ҲҪ˼ԸⰡǿŤĹϲںҲģҪر˵Ը
һϪͻȻصԸģ
û뵽ְ¸ϵˣҶƽЦһ»ص̫ˣҶˡ
ϪϻصƶǰզûôƶأǴгƽʱͲ˵ôƶɣ
ҶƽһЦصڲǰʮı飬ӦĳǾǲ˵ƶġ
ϪţǺһЦֻص̫ƶɲ̫ãֻҪҾˣҪôƶñڲǰҲƶӰ쵽г
˷ϪعĶţҶƽһʱˣһ룬صˣڿʼҾͲ˵ˣ˵ƶӰ쵽г⡣
ҶƽѶŻعȥ֮󣬾׼ʼԵͣȻȥǢ̸̵£մ·Ϫַˣ˵ɹ˶йµˣҸһι£һ
ӵţҶƽˣϪ߻ħ˰ѵæ¸ãû˵ˡ
һȵı飬ҶƽȥԷˣٺͷϪ˵ˣʱ˵ҶԺ˷ء
˳͵ĵطҶƽææ˷ϪҲûٸţһǸоʧ䣬֪ʱʲô
ҲܲôˣҪȥûʱ̸˵еĸгʱô˹Ҷƽӵĵ绰æ¥ȥȻҲǳһȥ׼ȥ̸


1021 ص˽
Һ˾ǻĵ˾ڹҲǺģȻ˵ҪȺһЩҲǲˣʱҲ뿪رгҪرгһ֧㣬ʡһܺõ֧㣬ҶƽǢ̸˵˵Ҳһ
игĴ£ҶƽǾ˾ǸгԴģҶȸк⹫˾ܼҶƽһʱʮֵУͬһ㡣
Ժ󣬴Ҿ˾ܲİ칫ң칫ҺܿҲݻϾһҴ˾ǮĺܣһĵطȻһ⡣
Һѹ˾ܾҶƽһн˹˾ķչͬʱҲҪرг뷨¶̬ȻʮѺõġ
һ˾Ҫرг飬Ҷƽе˴ӦһܴĻᣬֻҪ˾Ը⵽˽ȥе˵飬˫ĺǿԺܺõĿչˡ
˾˵֮Ҷƽʾ˽ڽʡľõλǴǰλãܵͶҵһΪһرгͷҪǣŻǳλ˾ȥ˽Żֻܶ࣬ҪѱгˣŹ˾һܴķչ
ҶƽĻ˾ҲǷǳȤصŻߣⷽŻ߾нˣǰصŻ߸һ顣
֮˾ܾǵ˵ͷе˽еŻ߲ȥ˽Ǳ߿һ¾͸ˡ
игͬҶƽҪҶҪȡ˾˽һܺõĺڿ˫̸úͶûжٻ˵ˣһʽкһǽҶгܣҿ˶кҽǿԸһᣬҽսϵĺһˣ÷ܿرгô
ҶƽʵҲڿҪʲôʽչֻǩ飬Ǿ̫ˣҿȥЩ٣ܸᣬӰǴˣһ˵Ҳд⣬ֻǲ֪к뷨
˾һ˵г˵ǣҪˣرгֻҪ˽㣬ͿʵǱĿ꣬ǹ˾Ը
˾һбɼģģҶƽչˡ
Ҷƽǳ˵˵ܣʱʳеӭ
һЦоҶƽҲ˼ˣҿȥҲĲȻҪ˽нǣǴֱʡ
ҶгǺ찡˾ЦźҶƽһ֣ҶƽȻҲЦ֡
Ǣ̸̷ǳ죬ǿҲǺ˷ܣ벻ô˳ֻҪ˾Ը⵽˽ͶʣһĿˣԺ˽еķչҪˡ
Ǣ̸֮ҶƽǷ࣬ִ˼죬ĿҪΪ׼飬ʱҶƽ˽ί֪ǵҪ˽˾зᡣ
յҶƽķʵǺҶƽȥʵ֪ˣе˵п϶ͨ籨ŵģ뵽ҶƽԾȥ;ЩҶƽ棬Ҳûãһ˵ȻҪзˣеǾȣû뵽ȥгɹˡ
ӵ棬һ룬ҶƽйˣȴڼͷȴҲǲƽҶƽȥӣйԶµϢԽԽƶԶҪˡ
µķͣڽӵҶƽı棬ҲǱ޳ĪûҶƽʲôָʾҶƽȥڰɣȵҶƽ˵
Ͷⱨ֮Ҷƽ˾һһСͷᣬҶƽڻ˾ǩ˺飬һ˽еʵߣҵ˽Ͷʡ
еĿ˵ǳɹҶƽоͨηᣬ˾ǩ˺Լһ˽еŸ˳ȥμӷԱǸ߸˵ģ󣬻˾ƻᣬҶƽһЩҵܾƣӭǵ˽ȥͶʡ
Ҷƽ棬ЩҵܿҲǸоҶƽڵصг򵥣Ժܻзչǰ;۹ҵҾº˽ȥͶʣҶƽˣǿɾǸŷˡ
ÿһҵҵıҪվһǿ֧ߣȻгһЩѣǸʱ֧ƽһЩ飬Ǵѹء
ԺҶƽǴظ׼ص˽ȥȻʵصľ飬û֮ǰ룬˾ǸϪһţԼҪ˽ˡ
һӵҶƽĶţϪæˣûгɹҶƽǰѽϪһϲĹϲҶƽЦŻصԺл˽
⻰Ϫ֪ʵصȥ˽ﲻǣ
ҶƽһǻصƺԸȥл˽ɡ
ϪЦ˻صȥ˽㲻֪ͬ
ҶƽҲЦŻص㹫µ˽ǻʲôҪˣҪʽϵ֧֣֧һ¡
һҶƽ˵Ϫŭػصԭȥ˽Ϊʽϵ£أҪǲȥأ
ҶƽϻصҪǲҿǺʧеĳŵҲͲˡ
ϪصвңҲȥ˽ɱ㡣
ҶƽЦصɣɱҰɣ
ڶͷҶƽоЩˣһֱһСʱоˣûкͷϪȥ
еĸгҶƽǾǷɻ˽˽֮Ҳûӭӣ˵Ļ֪ȡ˳ɹӦȥӭһУǵ˽֮󣬻һˣֻ칫ҵļ˹ӻ
ҶƽҲû˵ʲô֪ͨίˣίûˣҶƽ˼͸ҪԼɺԼУ²öܡ
ҶƽֵҲǷǳȻⲻӻֳŽһµӣʵԶҲһ˺ⲻԸֻ˵òԡ
ųӻصҶƽҲûȥ㱨εǢ̸ɹûбҪⲻ£αȥһ٣
صҪ˽ʲô£ûҪ飬Ҫ飬Ȼӻ˲ٵ飬Ҫһһǵ£ȵ˵


1022 
Ҷƽصٿ칫ᣬ칫ҪǼгμӣȻֽ˼ǽйصֱظ˲μӡ
Ҷƽ̵Ա㱨һ飬ĸг֮󣬾ǸоǿˣԭҶƽʱ򣬴һǷǳɣΪҶƽǺôϲܽҶƽ˵ĺܲס
Ҷƽȥ̵һ˵ôҸܵ²ǲΪǴпΪͿôˣ˽ҲһҵڵвٵңͿΪפṩһ
ͨһºҶƽͱʾһҪǸãֻнǣ˽еĲҵܴﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
Щ֮Ҷƽгһ´帺֮ʹڿչٽǵĽ裬һҲǺбҪϾǴڳУһֱ˽ûа´ʵ̫Ӧˡ
Ҷƽһ飬ҶǷǳͬȻίΪóίͬУͬʱҲҪ̵ί㱨һ¡
ⲻȥӭҶƽҲûҶƽϵҶƽȻҲǲϵ֪Ҫ飬ίֲ֧УҪٿίо飬ˣίٿίĽ飬öٿίᡣ
ӵҶƽı棬˿ȴһߣڹעĽԶʡί˽пչķ̰˶ʡί˸һ֪ڸʲôµǷίǡ
ֱе̫ˣ޷ֱȥʡί飬ʡί˽Ѿһ£ץ˺üԱԶµķԽԽ
ڹ飬ԶȻҲǹģüĲʡί˸ˣеܿ־壬±飬ζźпܻṩ
ֿ־һܵԶʡίԱ֮󣬴ﵽ˼㣬ԶмίθǣԶôһҪĸλҵһҪ֧ţԶܴôһҪĸλȻԶİš
ԶмίûдﵽĿ꣬Զ֪мίܵĵӣҲŸɣĿ궢סԶ󣬻ȻԶȱ¡
ԶǼͼɲʡίҲһĹϵԶͨϵҲҪͨ붯Ҳһ׵顣
ǹ򲻸ˣǰץ˼Զ֮󣬾½˹ԶԶһӳΪʡίרҪĿ꣬Ȫʾ
Ȫһͼɲ˴󣬵ԶȡʩԶɲ鴦Ȩмίʡί鴦ˣҲûʾˣʡίֱӾԶȡ˫档
Զʡίȡ˫֮ǷشתۣȻ˵ı鴦˥һת۵㣬ԶıԤʾҵ˽еĸɲȺ֪֮Ǵ⣬ͬʱҲеҿҪˡ
ǲһ̣յ޷ҿģҲԶɱﵣѾ鷭תأֻҪԶ˲һлԴֻҪԶһǲΪˡ
ԶһˣԶҵ⣬Զµ飬ʶʲô뷨Ȼ֪Լ⣬Զ£ڲ岻֣Ҳûа취֣ʡίİӣ˵ʲôֻ˵ڵˣԭĺˣʼˣһԣʲôʹ
̬ȣԶ֪ûʲôˣڲƽ飬͸߶⣬ڹңְæĻʱ˭á
æʾӲܵģ˽лŲٵˣչˣֻҪȨ޷Χڣ⻰˵ľԶҪ£󽻴Ƶġ
⣬Զȥⴺⴺӵĵ绰һ뻹Ǽһ棬ⴺԺԶûˣˣһԣһ棬ҵһȪ˵ϻˡ
Զֱ˵Ļⴺһ룬͸һӦȪϤǲ֪ܲãϵһ£ֱȥ
һⴺҵǵĹϵˣԶȼϣǸ˵Ļⴺ͸ھϲ㣬öȨнȻһãǴʲôӦû⡣
ⴺĻԶЯؽǰǣƽ£ǼеǮֻҪܱ֤£ǮѾνˣԶԶɽһǰǰƽ¡
˾֮Զ󾭹ⴺϵҵǸмˣԶɽֳʱȴǷмͺöһˣ
м˺Զͷҽ˽ܣһȴԱһ˵ע⣬˲ǱˣҶΡ
м˵Ļȴǲ٣öȨƵ˶нⴺڵίʱ棬˴ʱܸԶ
ҶһԶ˽еĸɲȻҶƽ飬ûг֪ǸʲôģмԶԺ󣬲û̸ʲô˽£Զ£һˣԷȾơ
ԶһǼæ˺þƣʾ⣬м˾ǹһЦյȫգҶοҲЦԶԶɽ˴ð
ǲһᣬԶǿмˣһЩ飬м˿˿ǺߵԱߵķ䣬̸
ԶĽܣм˲ûʲô˼ʾԶһóһֽӣһ򣬷мǰ
һǮм˵ɫźһЩ˵鲻ð죬ȪʶҲԴкǹܲãҾͲ֪ˡ
Զæ˵ֻҪкֻҪҵ⣬ʲôҶӦԸǧƽ¡
ǧ򣿡м˿˿ҲЩ𾪣һ
ûٸҲԽܡԶƶ˵
мһ룬С˲ٵǮǧȻˣһܰƽ£һ룬ǶԶ˵ϸ磬ҿʵڣ͸ָһ·
Զһ˵ֻҪܰƽ£ǧԸȫϣڿȴһǧ˻ϣ
Զһ˵мЦЦʡٲʶʶ
һᵽٲԶ˵˵졣
м˵Ҹٲ绰ȻȥԸ㣬¾ͺðˣԸǻǲУȻ֧Ǯҿ϶ҪΪģ㿴ղЩûǾһĽɫҿܰ㲻


1023 ٲĲ
м˵ĻԶоϣϾǾǣһЩͨֻҪܰƽ飬Ǯֵõġ
һ룬ԶǸмˣֻҪܰƽǮ⣬ٲԻȥһԣǻϣֱȪϵаţֻҪȪܹ飬ˡ
м˸û⣬к϶ҪģҲƽ飬Զ⣬ѷģҪ顣
Զм˼Ժ󣬱мԼȻ뿪ȵ뿪֮Ҷξ͹ʲô£Ǹ˽ʲôˣҪʲô
Ҷ֮м˾Ц˵ϵܣ벻׬Ǯ
ҶЦͷǮ˭׬˵⻰Ҳ̫ĪСʲô׬Ǯĺ⡣
мȻ⣬ҶǰǻǲҶεĻ֮м˾ǴЦҶԶƽģҶܰƽٿԸǧ
Ҷһһƽ飬еģã뵽Ҷƽ˽ϸм˾ǰ˵ˣʾԺȪкһһǸٲܰƽ
м˵ĻҶα˵СܳôǮƽ£̰˲ٵǮ²ôװƽġ
м˾Ҳǣ˵Ҳ֪Ǯ׬ǲɵ׬ǧ˵ܲܰƽ˭Ҳұ֤
ҶβСƭ˼ҵǮģСĽ˼Ҹȥ
мЦʱȥˣ˭ȥ˵ȷʵˣⲻƭԸңԸ֧ǮҿûбǮ
ҶֻЦЦм˾ǿ׬ǮھŲģһͨ죬ȻЩеʱҲȷʵܰ£Ǻö˾Ǹƭӣм˻ǺõģʶˣʱҲǰЩ˸ƭת
Ҷλȥ֮ǸҶƽȥһ绰飬֪֪Զ飬ҶƽͻȻӵ绰Ǹһû뵽ԶѾˣһ˹ϵǳӵˣ˵Ҫٲ
ҶƽԶڵغаԵأʡͷרŶԸȥ˰ƽ£ʡԿǧҪ£ͣǾǲǵġ
ҶЦЦǸҶƽŲ£ֻ˽һʲôԶ˽Ͳ鴦Сҵм˹ϵȷʵӣ˵Ͱƽأ
ҶƽĻһ룬о»СˣҪȪٲʲôģȪ᲻м˵ĻֹԶĵ飿ٲֻϽегͼĹҪֵĻôַ
Ҷƽ죬ٲֵĿԲԶûʲôϵҪֱˣҪˣǲð졣
ȪȪܰƽˣԶĽͽ͵ġ
Ҷƽһ룬û̫µ£û뵽ǣ˲ãʡίûжԶȡʩȴԶҪߵϢһҪְȻ䲻СˣȴܵǣҲ̫ˡ
ԶڴӾǻ֮ⴺϵһ£ȻⴺȥϵٲٲϽгⴺйԲŻʶⴺܾǼٲ
ٲҲӵм˵ĵ绰һʼȥ飬ԶûʲôϵΪʲôҪȥǮƶ˵ֱǲֵһᣬ˸ûκοԣȥԶ
ⴺԶԺ鷢˱仯Ϊ֪ԶҶƽìܣⴺ˹ϵܺãԶôõⴺͶ˵֧֣һҶƽеܣһ
һ룬ٲ˼Զһ£Ҫʡͷֹ飬ֱȪβȥ˵̫¶ǣֻͨķʽﵽһĿģȥ뵽˰ԶǣýʡίͶȥԶ
ٲǶԱԼھǵĹϵԶҲίһţθѲԱ쵼ְԶǺܺõˣֻҪ뿪˽ҵְԭ顣
ܿ죬Ҷƽ֪µʱԶѾҪˣҲίǿҪˣʡһʱ֮仹ûüӦԶֱˡ
ýʡίǳջ𣬵ĿͻȻͨصˣ֪ⱳô£ǲĸҪ쵼뱣Զˣ참Աòǵһ⣬ȪҲǸеһ鸴ӣǸм˵Ļ֮ȪǸ鲻ð죬첻ˣм˵Ļû뵽ֳŹְƽ¡
Ȫһ룬βɱһβһǲҪֱӶԶȡ˫棬ȡ˫ĻԶڵˣǽĸɲˣܲܲȡ˫ʩ
β飬ҲǸеǳΣһʱҲ޷ϣ浽ʲôҪǰ˽ˣ϶ǱȽѰġ
βɾȪȥ˽Ȫ֮ҶƽֱˣҪԼ֪βɣȻ˵²˭ģԶܵǣܿٲйأðβɡ
β֮βҲɻ飬ҶƽǰԼ֪βһȪйأйصĻǾͿٲˣû뵽ٲϹ¡
βһ룬ٲܲʵʡίԣΪ˲֪뷨ȥмίһˣ˵һ˵ʹԶ˾ǣҲҪýʡί˫ˣ˳ٲ˵һ£ٲڽεУһЩ
βɵľû죬Ȫȥмί쵼Ҷί쵼ӳȻмί쵼ýʡίӡ
мί쵼ȻҲǸеǳľȣ֪Ժ󣬱ǸҲίԶȥؽʡԭȥо⣬ôҲͰ˵ȥ
мί쵼ǶǸҲί쵼˻һ٣Ҳί쵼һæ绰ٲ֪һ飬ٲû뵽βɻȥǸ״ںˣмί쵼ˡ
ٲȻûа취ùҲί쵼мί쵼ķԸ˸˻Ҫٲˡ
Զոյί汨ƨɻûȣǽӵص˽е֪ͨҲίı޷ϰˡ


1024 Զ
ԶոձҲί˻ʡί˫ľص˽Զһʱ޴ȥֻܴڼһڣûκεĵٽˣֻȴˡ
ٲ֪ºҲǸеãŰԶ󣬶һҶƽڿԶˡ
ʡίĹԱֱӴԶļԶߵ飬ؾˣΪ֪Զ³ʲô⣬ԾǰؾҲˣԶļԱ
ʵϣʡίԱûʲôΪܹĺãԶûо쵽κηļԱȻ޷ֳ
ԶҲǼˣȥʮ侲˫ļǩ֮󣬱ǸżίԱˡ
Զ󱻴ʡǽܵ飬ʡίԱһͼҵĸΣ˽ίͨԶ飬öٿί飬ڻϰ齲һ¡
ӵʡί쵼ĵ绰̾һԶڰҲûжȥΪ»˲ٵǮʡίҲǵģǲǹģԶȻǮֱ˫棬ʵǳͷԶһء
ί˽им쵼ɲڼҵмɲֻ飬ҶƽȻҲҪίȡʡίͨԶʡίߵ飬ҲȲ֪Ҳû棬ʡίľرˣϾ¾мί쵼ˣ˭ҲȨ¡
˳ί֮ҶƽȲûȥһ¶⣬ֱˣʱѾˣֻǶʡί쵼ûҶ飬۷׷׵ģԶʲôҶ֪ģ۵λߵģǵλ͵ģûȡ
λߵûǮƣλ͵ȻǸûˣڿ̨ˣҵʶһЩУʹԭԶǱȽϽõĸɲͷ뷨
һҶƽ쵼ɲǳЦЦҶƽΪгĵڶʾʵԽԽǿԶ³£˵йأһ˵Զ󶼵˹ϵûãԶⱳĽҲеˮ˵Զű¡
嵽ͷ˵ʵԶҲǣҶƽ֮ϵ⣬ԴҶƽ˽֮ԶǲͣԶһҶƽһìܣֻ֮ìܴԶδԵ濴ܺгˡ
ǸԼкҶƽȻ΢ЦԶԣȻǳԼλһƽ󣬱ͷ죬һƽίǣԴ˽Ҷƽվһ𣬶ڶʮֵᡣ
죬ʡίĹԱ˻ң֮󣬶ʡίԱȻ˻飬ʾʡί쵼ҪȻ˵֮ǰûͨ£Զ󱻴ߵϢǲֶߣ඼֪ˣ˴ҲֻǹһһԶΥΥֵز
ʡίԱº󣬶˵껰ʡί鴦ԶľԶǸɲ鴦ȨʡίԶ鸴شҪ˽ίͨЩΪԶ˵ˣͬʱҲһܺõĽãҪͨĿġ
ȵҰ֮ʡίԱͨʡίԶ˫ԼԶ漰ΥΥ⣬Զڹ̳µְǨȷ˻¸ٶԪ⣬Զ󻹷Ƿ̣Ϊҵ棬漰ΥǷǳصģϣܳʶԶ漰ԣԶĲ鴦ʡίεľģҲʡίаزľġ
ʡίԱǰ⽲һԺ󣬶Ǳ̬ԣʾӵʡίԶһĲ鴦ԶһܷӣⷽҲӵмίĻ㱨̬ȼģԸܷӺݣֻҪһͲ鴦һίԶ⣬ͬʱҲеǳʹģԶҲһӻɳĸɲһӣڲôҪΪģǵκεĸΪǲ̵ģּ帯ܣǾԲ̵ģǱҪͷԣ裬ϣÿһλͬ־ܴԶȡѵץñ˺ͷֹܵλ蹤
ҲǱԼ̬ȣ˵úϸ񣬴֮󣬱鶼Եú£ȻҲ֪ʲôˡ
һ˵꣬ҶƽΪԼҲ䣬Ҳúý϶ҪԶ͸һЩԶΪʲôᷢ飬ôʱΪʲôûб֣ûֵ˼ĵط
ģǶڽ֮󣬾ȻתͷʡίԱ˵һֱɢˡ
ҶƽеЩ֣ⲻĻϷԣ֪ᷢһЩۣ粻ԣʡί쵼ˣá
Ҷƽϸһ룬ôһ£Ϊ˵Щʵὣָ⣬Ϊ೤ίûץ蹤ôǰʡί쵼ǰЩǿ϶ǲڶġ
һ϶ˣһɢᣬԱͿʼվ뽲ҲýˣȻͲɣⷢʲôĳͻ
Ժ󣬴ҶˣʡίԱһҶƽҲûȥҶ˵ʲôһ룬Ҳֱˡ
ʡίĹԱͨԺҲû˽ֱͣӻʡǣҶƽص֮󣬱ټȫԱٿ飬ҲʽͨԶ󰸡
ȻίûҪôеԼҪôֻôܽԶİӶԴҽһʾãһĹչ
ҵ֮Ҷƽ˻飬ίٿľ˴ڴ֮󣬱ҽԶ󰸵Զ󣬴ҲǷǳϤԶµϢԺʵ飬ｲȻš
ҶƽڻϱʾԶ˽еŶԶҪŶʲôԼеȨһ˵õȮ죬ԼļΪ˽ļ壬ָܣȵ˵ĸܻҪΪ˺˵ط̬
Ҷƽⷽ˷ӣÿһطΪǷǳע⣬ΪõطίпܵǵңһЩͨһž޴ĸܣֻҪҲҪѹȥ
ֵĻǶ࣬һطͻ»ΪһЩ͹ԭĴڵ³ɲ˽ҪñظɲһãһЩ˻˵Ȩǿʼˡ


1025 Ϫ˽
ҶƽϰԶһ£ʾҪԶȡѵץ蹤ȫȫĹ
ЩҵıǷǳ࣬ȻԶ飬Կֵ̬ģһ䵽ǵϣǾˡ
Ҷƽ߶Զ󰸵ľʾãöеòûҶƽǰӣɻ˻ɶԴԶ󰸵ʵ̬ȣٿһȫеᣬȫеаš
ִ͵Ļ飬ҶƽȻҲҪμӣһ֣Ҫһܽᣬڻǿ˵ĭҷɣǴƺȻ˯Խִ͵Ļ飬ԽҵȤΪҶձƣöû˼ˡ
ֵҶƽܽʱҶƽûȫոǾ彲ԶİһҵȻǷǳȤԶ󰸵ʲôȻ֪һЩڱǴҶƽ
ҶƽԶ󰸵˼Ҫһһֵô˲ޱҶƽñȶöˣձƣһҲϣҪģòϣ϶ûԸ
ҶƽĻһ꣬ҵһϱԲ˵ӣҶƽǻķͷ·ίԭǸг
ԺҶƽȻҲٹԶˣʡίִ˽д߼ɲЭ飬ЩѾǲˣϰΪˡ
Ҷƽص㹤Ľ蹤ǵĽϣί㱨˽´Ľ飬Լʵһ㱨ĳίǾǺܶݣоҶƽ˴ȥȡ˲ٵĳɼĻ㱨ƺŽʵ֣㵭ҪҪץʵֻֽͣϡ
ҶƽȻֽ֪ͣϣһȥץʵģ˵޷ǲʾܹĿһǿƶʵˣŰɣ֪˼ܻ᲻
´˳ͨˣ´ǳҪҶƽûԼѡǰѻø⣬һ룬ƼԼİ칫Ҹγΰ´Σ飬Ҷƽûȥƽϣ˭´ΣǱѹããϽ鳷
פ´ԺҶƽǰеԼİ칫ȻǶˣг쵼פİ´Σš
Ҷƽİ칫ңΰ´ҶƽټĿģ֮ҶƽǸϸΣϵ˽ˣǳҪϣץ
εİ´֮󣬾ͷոΣðѹˣȻҶƽץһѱʱҶƽҪҪ뱣ҲǺѵģڹϱ벻˼ץŰѱ
ź飬Ҷƽһ룬Ϫһ绰ΪҪ뽨ǣҪʽ𣬶ҪʽҪе֧֣ϣϪзá
绰һϪϪǷǳĸôԼ绰զأҶƽЦŵ̫鷳ʱѾ绰һ˵ˡ
ϪЩ˵뷢ſ԰Ѳ˵Ļ˵һҶƽǺǺǴЦҲ̫Ȥˣʱ绰ǵģҪ
Ϫʲô£Ҷƽһ˵ϪǱʾϵ˽ȥȻ󿼲һ£Ҷƽ֪һĻȨˣǱʾӭϹ
ϪҲżҶƽµ绰Ժ󣬱ȥʾ쵼ȥ˽Ŀе쵼ǴӦ
Ϫ绰Ժ֪ͻȻ˵绰һ飬Ҷƽʲô£Ϫ£Ѿ֪˰ɣ
֪ǸǸܿҪ£˵о߶ٸתƵ⣬ѾˣϾҪȡʩŪ4S˳ģڿҪ仯¸ãЩˡ
һ飬ҶƽǺһЦЦܳºðСӿԾһܷӣȻˣ֪££ܾͲ˳ˡ
Ҷƽ˵飬֪Ǹ̾ţҶƽ˽ʲôĿûУԹȥͶʲôģҶƽæ߻ûʲôĿǸ㺣4Sɡ
ҶƽĻ֪ͻȻϪԴؾ󣬾ǻ겻ģǲǸϪʲôԻˣ
ҶƽһæϵʲôԻûе£ҪϹ˵֪һЦ˵֪Ϫһֱϲ㣬ӵʱӣȻûиı䣬ڷǿ϶ʲôˡ
֪һ˵ƣҶƽǲ֪˵ʲôˣϾǷϪĸأҶƽ˵֪˵ϣϪҸϣܸһҸ
ҶƽˣͱʾԼҲϣϪҸ˵Щ£֪ǰѵ绰ˣҶ˵绰Ҷƽһ룬ǾĶʵȹѴˣȵϪ˽ôأ
Ϫû죬˽УڷϪĿˣĲֻһˣкüͬ¶ˣҪʽд˼һ¡
йһͬһȻںǸŮӣҶƽϵȴʮֵУڶֱ˽Ҷƽˡ
ҶƽĽܣ֪ϪΪвŵ쵼ģ˽ҪҪʽϵ֧֣ǹ֧ǵˡ
Ҷƽһס˽Ƶ꣬Ȼָͨһ绰ʾе쵼칤ȡ֧Ĺӵ绰֪֮Ҷƽȥе쵼
Ҷƽû֪ͨ˲֪ͨﲻˣĲϪе쵼֧ͬ˽ˣɼȫҶƽˣҪһһá
˽Ƶ꣬Ҷƽһ˷ϪϪױȵŮʣЩˣæʾϪ֧Ĺʽ˽б
̬Ⱦ˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬ԴϪΪ飬ӣҶƽеЩ֣绰ʱ򵹲ôһ浹ǻˡ
ڹڳϣϪֵʮֽʾ˴ǰ뿼һ˽ȻݿǷʽ˽б


1026 ĵ
Ϫĵ˽һˣΪҶƽ˶ӼǰĿԴģȻ˵ǵ鲢ûճ̣ҶƽѾ潲飬Ҳ֪ϪĵǵĽйء
ͬϪ˽еļĿֳ˿ЩǱҪĶҪ÷Ϫ쵼ЩȻ֤ʽ˽бȷģڿЩĿͬʱⲢûͬȫҶƽͬġ
ιۿһ죬ϪǸеۣصݣҶƽдԷ͸Ҷƽ˵Ҳһԣһԡ
ҶƽЦôаǰĿľ쵼Щ˶һķݣ㲻һԶٷǻΪ㲻ӵġ
Ϫ֮˵ʲôÿģǵģӾôҪ
ҶƽЦǵҪҵҲҪˣǳԶٷԵҲÿͱˣСƢһԶٷɣ
Ϫ˭ˣСƢˣҲǿӣˣһ治ӡ
ҶƽǺǵЦţ˵ϪһͲͣԷʱ򣬶Ҳǹˣо˶ǳţҪһ£Ӵһ·ϪȻá
ԹԺ󣬷ϪǺһƣȻǻصݣҶƽȥݵʱǰҶƽһ£Ա߻أͳñ˲עʱһ¡
һҶƽûг̿ǷϪȴǵͷǰˣҶƽ֪⣬Ǹ˸ɢɢˣֻίηҶƽ
һҶƽǲϪ˵ʲôϪĺ棬ȻҲҶƽ˵ҶƽʱҲûʲô뷨ҪϪһ𣬱û֧
ϣϪȴֱӶԷ˵Σûʲô£߰ɡ
һҶƽΪҶƽûߣҪҶƽø÷񣬵û뵽ϪֱҪ֪ϪȻǾ쵼ǲܹܵ˵ҪߣҲҶƽС
ҶƽҲûϵϪô˵ֱ̫ˣ˵÷һЩʲôϾԱأǷϪˣҲܲأЦ˵׳ˣȻȥɣһԼȥ㲻ͬˡ
Ҷƽ˵⻰̴ӦһҶƽȻҪʹҶƽʲô˽飬Ҳ˵ȥ
Ӧһ뿪˱ݣ뿪󣬷ϪǿҶƽĻһ˵ˣ˵ˣ
ҶƽЦҵİ칫ΣȻҵģǾ׳ġ
ϪЦһµȥģʲô׳׳ҵģҵĲ
ҶƽЦҵȻҪ׳ģ׳ҸҾ͸
Ϫ˵ƽ磬ҷԽԽƶˣԭôûзأȥҵķɡ
Ҷƽæ˵ﵽǼأǽ㷿䣬Ͼ֪ˡ
Ϫһ۵ѵҷһҲУҲ˵л
Ҷƽһ룬оͦΪѣתһ룬ȥһģ˵ϪˣֻӲͷƤ˵Ǻãҽȥһͻȥ
ŷϪ߽ķ䣬Ҷƽ߽ȥԺ󣬾ϪһǰһӾҶƽλԱߣһ˫һӾ§סҶƽĲӡ
Ҷƽһûֹס˵ϪһߣɲƵĴǼأкöڶңǿɲٷ󡣡
Ϫ§Цܷʲô󰡣
Ҷƽ˵ʲô˵ںǴΣǾЩ嶯ˣԲסˡ
Ϫı˵ǲҪˣĳŵأ
Ҷƽһʱ˵ֳŵЧҾܲá
ϪȴǲصҲܣҾгŵ㲻гŵҿǸѩˣ
ҶƽʱǷֻ˵ŵһУǲڣɣϢɣæһҲˣһȥˡ
Ϫһȴ˵㶼ˣô߰мôˣֲ֪ڸʲô
Ҷƽ˿ȴ˵ҽķ䣬ܿģʱҾ˵ˣ㻹һȥɡ
ҶƽĻϪȴҲϲߣ
ŷϪģҶƽ֪˵ģΨŮСǰҪﲻߣڶƾܴҪ֪˿϶ܿ˷Ϫķ䣬Ȼһûߣ˵ܷʲôҲ뵽ᷢʲô°
뵽ҶƽȰ˵ϪҪԣԼӦһӦģȵ飬ؾ֤⡣
һҶƽҪؾϪʵ˵Ŀģ
Ҷƽǧȷƭģ
ҶƽӦ飬ϪûȥԼһߣҶƽֻһ죬ȻɫѲ磬뿪˷Ϫķ䡣
ȻҶƽڷϪʱ䲢ֻһСʱʱ䣬»ñ֪ˣݵľϵֺãƵ֮󣬱Ǳ˶⡣
ӵı棬һ룬²ҶƽϪĿģϪǴӾˣ֮ΪҶƽϵԵʣҶƽദһСʱ֮ǲʲô˽飿
ⲻܲע⣬̶̵ֻһСʱ˵ʲô֤ҶƽϪ֮ʲô飬ҪΪҶƽİѱȻǲҲҶƽһҲûԼļС׳ʱ򣬲ûŮ˰ɣʱҪץסҶƽһСѱʱˣȻһηչǲ˵
ʵڤڤ֮ҲԤеʲôԶĵ̨˽еƷ˶Ϊı仯ΪҶ֪Զ֧ߣԶ£᲻ǣ˵׼˵ˡ
ҶƽԶϣһܻã˽һףԶ󲻿ܻҶƽ֮ҪԶ󣬺ܿйأյĿܿԼԴǼ־졣
ͨúԭʼɵ飬ץŲţܾܿǳҶƽָʹֻԭֻ̽ҪԶѾԭʼ£ܻܿ᳾𣬶Ҫˡ


1027 Ů
ҶƽŷϪ˽нп죬ʱ죬˵죬ϪҪɻؾǣȻҪŻؾ
ϪŻؾȴӦϪģʱȴҪ£оʱȥ͸߷Ϫȵ֮󣬾ȥҪȥҲίǵĿء
һҶƽ˵ϪǸеˣоҶƽ˵㻰Ҷƽϴľͬ飬ǷϪһ˷ˡ
ץҶƽⷽİѱǾû˼º־ⷽ´򵹲ҶƽɴˣŮ˵ڹȥ˲õ飬Ƿڻ𣿼ʹ鵽Ҷƽⷽ£Ҳûзѣŷ£Ҷƽˡ
õͳ˽У֪˽иزĿʮֻȣʡǿһЩ¥̣оõ˽пһ¡
˽ȻҪȥҶƽȸҶƽһ绰Ҷƽİ칫Ӽǣ赱ȻҪһЩز̵֧֣Ҷƽܲ뷿زӴЩزΪõĿȻǰɹͨĿľΪõⷽĿ
ʵĿϣѾʹֶٰΣŷռһϯ֮ˣԭʱ򣬴Ϊ£ûԶļŸ̤ƣıץԶµĴϣЩķزѸתԶ˾룬һʱûģȫίȥȲˣǻϾɥʧ˾
ҵʵҲڸΣûһͷԣȻ׬ҲƣʱһŲǻܵʹһһУ˵Σ˵ԶΣ˱Լ󷨱
ڽɼΪǰ棬ǲ¿ǰһ⣬ѵܷŹ𣿶֣ҪȥĴˣ˻вУûе̨ĿܣǶҪҵģԶǵľݣȻҲҪ˭֪ԶŵҲҪˣֻǲ֪ѡ
¥̵ĿΪֹȫһ¥̿Ͷʽǧڣû˲Ϊ֮ĶЩǣҲûȥҶƽЩ˵УҶƽ΢΢һЦȥˡ
ʱ˾Զ󣬶ڳίģȻ˵ֹһ飬ȨȴԶУҶƽûкͶⷽȨΪȨһȨͬʱһУ㲻þͻ˵ԼҲԸ顣
ȨͽǮ̰˵ȻȥЩǿһַƵĻᣬʲôΣա
ʱഺȻҲΧԶΧԶʱҪģഺע˼տǵĹ˾׼¼¥̵ĿȻתְˣôмԲֻۣ׬ǲܷŹġ
Զץ֮ǰ¥Ѿ˼ˣЩԶųȥģഺҲ˲룬Ŷ֧֣ⷽ浱ȻҪдֱʵж
Զһץ⼸¥̱ǳβҶഺӰҲ˼ίĵߣֻǳڶĴڣûжֻǷĴڣΪЩ˶˵ӶഺõЩĿ
ԶⷢΥ֮ҲǵĺôǶഺֻһнˣûиԶǮ˶ഺԶе֤ˣֻ˵ഺΪܲף޷ȥ׷顣
Զܵţº̰Ѷഺһ٣˳ĿĽ룬Ҫϴʲô⣬һഺǲΪĿ˸ҲǸɣǮ׬Ҳ׬Ϊʲô׬ƽ
ഺϲԸӶİˣظûԼ֧֣ʲôĿҲǸɲ
⻰һ˵ഺе˵ˣСĶˣȻķ⣬ѵҪķ뵽˵
ഺµĻǷǳȷģʱĿƵ˵УҲŹϵġ
ԼԼĲеһǳǵ飬ץסѱӶӰ쵽Լ;֮ȻΪ֮ǰ̫˳ˣû⵽ⷽ⣬Ҷƽ֮ŷжأȥҪ
˽һϷŮˣŮʮ꣬һīίԺ˳֮󣬾˶İ칫档
һŮˣ⼱æӭӣЦݣһɨ֮ǰƱ飬֮ϷժīһۣߵɳԱˡ
ŮȴѾõŮˣŮⴺܸʶģҲ֪ıٲһգ֪Ů˵ķ
ܣãáǰȥϷ֡
Ϸǿ˿˵¥̣ȫˣûУ
̳һ£Ů˵θҲ̫ˣǧڵĹҪ
ܣģ̵ҿ϶ҪæģҪȫˣҸоЩѶȣΪ˽еܸӣæ͵
ϷѸɨһ˵ѵ˵黹ѣ˽˵㣿
еϷʮֵͱˣæֵҲ˼ôḶ́Ͼܶ˶ڿţһȫа£˵лġ
˵Ϸȴ˵ǼȻҪãǾҪһõƣֻǹ˾Ƶͳһƶ˽Ǻôġ
æӦһ£漴˵ƵȻһ棬Ҫ֪Ǳ߻Լ뷨
Ϸ֮˵˵ǲǸҶƽ㲻ȥģȥƽ
Ȼһ˵Ǹе֣Ϸ̫ˣھ˵Ҫƽ˭ѵôף
оϷЩ̫תһ룬Ҳֻˣк𵽱ԼãⴺҪ
ǴӦϷҪ취ȥ飬ҶƽǱȴҪƽΪ飬ҪﵽĿģþҶƽͬ⡣
ʱõͳҶƽİ칫ҪĿ飬˵ҪҶƽҲ˵ǲ룬ǸǣҪֻܱ֤йƽǲ֤һܾϡ
֪Ҷƽ̬ⷽȣõͳ˵ȻǿҪҶƽôֻҪ֤һƽĻˡ
ҶƽȻҪһ㣬׼ȻˣҶƽĻ֮˾Ϳʼפ˽þ̵׼
ҶƽйԶ£ҪˣǶһθ飬˻ûҲҪȺúõһ¡


1028 Ϸ
Ľ蹤Ҷƽйͬһ£ĿĵȻҪĽ費κε⣬Ϲƣ¿ң粻ôϰտ϶кܴĽҲ᲻ô˳ƶ÷üʮҪġ
ڽҶƽĺ棬øеԽԽǰ;ΪҶƽ˽ʵԽԽǿ˺ܶΣⲻίˣҶƽΣ˺ܶĻᣬ水ҶƽҪȥ¡
һ£Ҷƽȫ渺飬ԶˣҲֹֻˣΪгȻ
ϷԺֱԺϷͻȻҶƽ֪ҲûϷˣھǵȦ棬˽Ĳ࣬Ϸڲʶ¾ȻֱеܳԾ
ϷǷͨģϷ칫֮󣬵ð칫ҵ˸ϵҶƽ칫ҵ˿ҿһԺǾͷģ칫ҵԱҲǲҵǸ߷
˵ԺȹһһϷǼƣоҲǼæҶƽ档Ҷƽ˵һ˹ʱе֣˭أǾģѵƽѩǣ
оܣƽѩҪǿ϶Ҫȴ绰ģһ룬÷ϷеԼİ칫
ŷҶƽİ칫ңҶƽһʶôԼ˻֣÷˳ȥȻһƣʾϷ߽¡
ҶƽȵӣϷ˴ϵī˵ҶƽϲϵҰ
ϷҶƽϲʶҶƽ϶ǲϵϲһ˵ǣҺûм㡣
ϷǺһЦ˵ʶҲûйϵ϶ʶһˡ
Ҷƽʵʶ˭
ϷҶᡣ
һ˵ҶᣬҶƽʱϸҶҶҶãĹϵǳûмŮˣΪʲôҶ᣿ҶĹϵʮֱܵĶŮܽ˵ھȦǾǶȦѵҶĹϵ
ؿϷһۣҶƽƽصҲ֪˭
ϷһۣͻȻ˵ҽϷٲĽ㣬˰ɣ
Ҷƽһûг˾ȻٲĽ㣬ֲһʱ֮Щ
ҶƽǺһЦԭٲгĽ㣬ʧʧʧԶӭ
ҶƽϷ¶Цݵ˵ɵò϶Ҫ㵱ʡѡˣٲϽегӦ໥Žǡ
֪Ϸ˵⻰Ǻ⣬ҶƽЦһЦٲгҲûʲô϶Ž϶ҪŽģ˲һطŽʲôģôҪ
Ϸ΢΢һЦǿɲһǲŽͻ˿Ц֪˵ʱһЩСıŤʵûʲô˵ģٲԸֱ꣬ˬһЩ嶯֮£˵˶ĶӦŽǡ
ϷͻȻ̸飬Ҷƽ˽Ŀģ˵Ҫǹٲ֮ϵİɣԼϤôϣ𣿵ĿĵĻһ˴ԶģطԼʲôأ
ϷһۣҶƽ־裬ͬʱ˵Һٲгȷûʲô飬ѵٲгǰʵûбҪ֮ûʲô⣬лĻǿԺĺܺá
ϷЦЦ˵òǶǷǳˣӦϧǣҴ˴ǰһٲһ棬һԳԷȥĸɸ꣬أطͶҵ㲻ᷴ԰ɣ
ҶƽԾؿ˿ϷϷʮֵĲ⣬ȥȫΪԼãΪԼãֱӴӾǱ߹Ҳ̫˲˼˰ɣ
ҪٲгһԷⲻʲôʱ˽һһԶٷҶƽǺǺһЦ
Ϸȴ˵ǹ룬˵˽˾ۻᣬȥϽȥǣһԶٷô
ҶƽоǳԶٷ򵥣Ů˿ȥǳľûĿԣ뵽˵ҪͶʵĻתƻҪطͶʣҪͶķʣ
ϷزҪطͶʷزͬⲻͬ⣿
Ҷƽûлش𣬶ʵôͶ
Ϸ¥̿㿴ô
ҶƽһʱеȻͻȻ֮ϷĿˣĿھȻֱҵˡ
ϻ˵ҪԼʲôĻӦȥٲҶƽһ˵Ľ費һ˵ģҪͳһͶ꣬һҪίоһҪճУҪͶⷽĽ裬Խв룬޷ֱ˭顣
Ϸ˵ֻҪӦҿȥһãԴ˵һӮĽ
̧ͷֿ˿ҶƽоѾأѵѾҹˣ˴ǰģԼء
Ҳȷ˭Ҳ̰Ĳ뽨裬Ǿ׼ýͶɣҲŵʲôҶƽʾ
Ҷƽ£ϷصҶƽҸղᵽҶᣬѵûҵ֮ҵĹ˾ҶĹɷݣ㲻ͬ裬ʵҲΥҶ˼
ϷҶ̧˳һ̧ҶƽΪȣҶʲôʱϵˣӦ˵ҶҲ̫ٲҲǲƣǲ֪ҶϷϵˡ
˼һ£Ҷƽ˵ûи£Ҳ⡣
ϷЦһҶк᲻ͬ⣿
Ҷƽе˵ȥҶ˵кĻ鷳ˣþܾˣæʾҪؿһ£ҿǺٴ㡣
Ҷƽ˵Ϸ˵Կһ£⣬ٲһԷģʲôʱʱ䣿
ҶƽоŮЩҰĲǰʮֵǿƣⱾеܲ⣬鵽ʲôӣҲûи壬ںٲʲô˷Ժ˵ĵˡ
һ룬Ҷƽæ˵Է鲻üʱֱȥٲ֣Ҳ鷳㣬Ȼذɣҿһٺϵ
Ҷƽһ̬ϷҲû˵ʲôЦЦˡ


1029 
Ϸ֮Ҷƽǻ飬ٲĽ㣬ԼԲҪΪԼжٿǣܿΪԼȴ˵Ҷᣬɻ󣬲֪Ҷһˡ
һ룬ҶƽҶȥһ绰һʴ£Ҷӵĵ绰֮飬Ҷ˵ƽĹ˾ͶʣȥûкʲôҪ𣿡
һҶ˵˻Ҷƽһ£˹ȻкϷҶŹȻĿĵģԼӦϷҪ󣬲֪Ҷε롣
ҶƽͰϷһ£Ҷ˵Ĭһ£Ȼ˵ƽԼҲ֮ͣҲһֺҲȫ˵㡣
ҶģɵԣҶƽܵѹ˵ĿʲôûԼͬϷҪҶϷĹ˾棬ԼͬˣҶ϶Ҳǻ
Ҷƽ֪ãҶ᲻ˣҶȻ˵ͣ˭֪ͷôġ
ҶƽͻȻ뵽ҶüҶһҶüҶǸҶüմӹڼء
ҶƽҶüӵ绰Ҷüʱڼԣ󣬱ǹ˵绰֪Ҷƽĵ绰Ǹ˵
Ҷüͨ绰ԺҶƽǿĵڼæʲôʱ䵽˽档ҶüǷǳ˵ĴӦˡ
ҶƽҶü绰˵ĿȻҶ֮ĹϵҶʲô϶ȻҶˣҶȴϷ˺ô
Ҷüͨ绰Ҷƽǿ¸ô죬Ϸụ̀ȴԼٲһԷƺȫǾ档
ϷǲǻĿģҶƽ飬о鲻ô򵥣ϷȥҰĲĽôгԺҲҪˣΪȫ飬Դ˵Ըôܻ˲֣
̶Ϸʲô£ôˣ⣬ҶҶҲ飬ν飿˵Լû˽˿϶Ű
ҶƽԽԽǸӣϷ˷ˣ²ʲô£뷨ֹϷֹ̣ҶǱߣҪȥ˵ϵҶ⡣
ԺҶƽ׼ƶһǳϸͶƻְĳ˾бϷ֪Ѷˡ
ʱ򣬶绰ˣ֪ҶƽȥίԺίԺ֮˶İ칫ҡ
ʱĶƺ»˾񣬼Ҷƽʱ۶ǷŹ⣬ϷĵԼѾͨͥʵΪǿֻҪϷ֮˷ǳܵĺʡί쵼Сˡ
Ҷƽ֮󣬶ǺǺһЦкҶƽ£ҶƽһٶеЩ֣֪ǲʲô£רŰй֪ͨġ
Ҷƽһۣ˵ƽгĽҪȫУںö๫˾Ը뽨裬ⷽʲô
飬ҶƽأȽشҽ鳣ίоһ£Ͷİ취ϸ򣬱֤
˼һ˵ǵûҹ㣿
һʲôܣҶƽһ뵽Ϸǿ˿⣬һʱû˵йܿΪ¡
Ϲ˾ǸϷûҹ㣿⿴һۣһ䡣
ҶƽŻشȷҹңǲҲҹˣ
ϷǳˣϷҹҶƽԵģ㰲Ҷƽϵץ鶨ˣԶŴ绰Ҷƽй¡
ЦܵĹ˾ʵǳۺҪĽ裬ΪǷǳ˵ģҶгһ£һζ顣
ȫӦϷҶƽһ£˿ʾĽҪͶģĸˣΥǵıˣԸԹƽͶˡ
ҶƽһɫǲÿһЩ˵ܵĹ˾ǾĹ˾ҪչˣȫͶĹ涨ͶǶǹһ֧֣ҲҪҵġ
Լ̬ȣҶƽ̬˵ԸϷĹ˾б꣬ҲٸĽ蹤һɶɡ
Ҷƽڳô죬ڶȻֱϷĹ˾б꣬ôɴ˳ˮۣöԼˡ
оҶƽ£ӦҪ󣬶һҪӣϸһ£о»Ҫ飬ʱô죬ȻҶƽԸٸ飬ҲֱӾͰҲúúÿһ顣
Ҷƽ̸ɢȥԺҶƽؿһ£̫󣬲װƽصԱöڳȥǵĽ蹤
йһ飬ҶƽʾĽ蹤˲ȥ飬ί˭𣬾ҪԼ£쵼ִ¡
ҶƽĻȻƴӣһаҶƽҪ죬Ҷƽһ£˾֮׼ȥһ˾ǣһǷϪ£ӦˣһȥһҶᣬϷ˵һ˵
֮˾ܴɵ˽ҶƽԵӭӣ˽ƵȺûкһȥӭӡ
˾һĻеĸггһˣҶƽ֮󣬾Ǻúõ֡
Ҷƽ˽Ƶ꣬ʱҲǸոոϵ˳֮󣬾΢Цųӭӡ
Ȼ˵飬ΪίǣֲԸȫҶƽˣҪһЩ飬ð飬ӶֳԼĴڡ
еĸг˾ֻҶƽ죬Ҹг֮ǰҲҶŵģڼҶƽȻǺУڶ⣬Ҳֻǿ֡
סƵ꣬Ҷƽȼ򵥵һģűϢһ磬Ȼһ磬ȵٽصĿ칤
Ȼ뿴һߵʵȻֻҶƽĽܻ̫ˣֻо嵽һһµӡپνͶʣνк


1030 Ŀ
еĸг˾ܣҶƽǿ˽нǵĹ룬˾ҪͶʣԹ滮һǧĶؽи㽨衣
еĸг˾˽תһȦ˽ʽǩһЭ飬˽нͶҵ
Эǩһû뵽ô˳ҶƽҪǽ˵ܳɹ
бǶ˺ܶ뷨ڸ̾£ҪǽˣҶƽĳɼȻΪίҲմһ⡣
иг̸֮ҶƽȥǵĿǵҪȥҲίһ£Ŀ˽кͽʡ޷ɵģǵĽҪҵĹ滮
֪Ҷƽ뷨Ȼǲ˵ʲôҶƽǴʡͷֹܹҵĸʡ־һȥĿ
˾֮ҶƽȻһ˼ңþûлؼˣ˴λؾûؼҿƽѩ֪ȻǺܸˣѺ͵ҶȻ硣
ҶƽȻҲƽѩʧƽѩǲƽѩֵƽ˽ôʱ䶼𣿡
ҶƽЦ밡ô룬ûа취ܼʱ㡣
ƽѩЦŵҿǱһԲԣ
Ҷƽæϵûе£ôҰ㲻ҪϹ°
Ҷƽ񶨵ĻشƽѩʱҶƽһ뵽ϪȴǸеĿһЩʹ
ƽѩڼһϣڶǺ־һȥҷίҪҷίξǽӴ
ҶƽѽĿ˳־Ų䣬˵ĽҷίξǱʾоһ£ȻǷҪ
ĻҶƽͱʾϣҷί˵˽ȥһ£ȻоǷԽҷίξǱʾͬ⣬ȥһ£ùҵ˾˾ȥ
ҷίο϶ĻشҶƽ־˶Ӧûдˣӹҷί֮Ҷƽͺ־٣ʾһЩ˽£ھǴ졣
־һȻǲᷴԣҶƽȥæ飬ʾ档ҶƽЦЦ־֣֮Ҫ־˵һ£жĿľΪȥһҶᣬ̸һ̸Ϸ˽Ͷʵ顣
Ҷһ绰ҶƽҶļңҶһլҶƽʱ̣ͷǮھͷƽʱҲؼңҶƽ֮󣬾ǿҶҶüһ
ҶüһҶƽЦӭҶƽһӵȻҶƽӭ档
ҶƽҶЦźһкҶƽЦСãˣһֱûܹܼ㣬ܸ˰
ҶǺһЦƽʱæ֪ģ㲻ңҲǸ˵ġ
ҶüһЦƽˣҺܸ˰ܾûƽˡ
ҶƽЦ߽ݣȻҶüһƻӹǳһڣȻҶ˵СãǸϷͻȻǸطȥҺǸе⣬û뵽֮к
ҶЦϷҴͶһʷŶ׬һЩǮҲôǼҲϵȽˡ
Ҷƽ˵СãҸоϷҰģôѵֻΪ׬ǮֻΪ׬ǮЩǮҲ㹻ˣҸо뷨
Ҷһʵʲô뷨
ҶƽҷпΪٲٲϲǨӶʵԼҰġ
Ҷ᲻صٲܲǨôͣ
Ҷƽȴ˵ٲǨһҪŬһҲҪǮ飬ЩҪһĲ֧֣Ϸһ㣬ԱŰǿĲȻٰٲ
Ҷƽ˵⻰Ҷǳ˼ˣϵҲǶһ㣬оҶƽ˵е֮ǰȴûʶʱ֮˵ƽǰûĻϷ̫ˣѵŸͼ
Ҷƽں˵ٲڲŲһʡɲŸĿ꣬ǾͲʡɲôˣ뷨ûǲҪһý
ҶƽһۣҶͻȻ׹ƽ˼ˣҴϷﳷǰɣ˵֮󣬾þϷҰ̫ó£һǳɡ
Ҷƽʵ˵£Ҷʵ£еοԼﵽĿġ
Ҷ˵飬ҶƽֺҶüһģ˰죬ǣҶҶü˰ͳ֮Ż
֮Ҷһ룬оҶƽԽԽˣȻܰ͸뷨ϷﳷʳóȻʣϷ϶ɣʱýֻͣһɣ˵ҪͶĿҪһǮϣϷתһ£߳ʡ
Ҷƽ뿪ҶļԺ󣬱ȥҷϪӦ£ܺʵ֡Ϫϵһ£ҶƽǰϪھǵס
סֻһұҲֻ֪֮ϪһӾǰƮƮԾһĦŮɡ
֮Ҷƽ˹ȥЦûʳ԰ɣ
ϪЦҪʳԣҿҪȥѩˡ
Ҷƽ̹Ц㻹˵ѩ㻹滳ǲˣ˵ô˵
ϪһվѩĻˣΪʲô϶㲻ˡ
ҶƽǿЦ˵ģҲңŮԽȻ֪˿ǲá
Ϫ΢Ц֮䲻ǣ֮ŵԵģɲܷڰ
ҶƽǺһЦⲻڶ֮ŵӦЧģֻأˡ
Ϫ˺ȴǹ˭ˣҪǲԸҲġ
һҶƽæ߹ȥ˵ˣⲻǹæˣ죬ȻҾͻ˽ˡ
Ϫ˿һ׼ˣҪʵŵԲС
ҶƽһЩס˵Ҫ
ϪҪ꣬ҪһӣȻǴӦҵġ
Ҷƽһʱһ˵ǲ̫嶯һЩ
Ϫûг嶯ǾģԻϣʵŵԣȻһȥ˽㡣
һϪ˵⻰ҶƽֻٴˣһʲôϪŻݡ


1031 ʡ̸
ҶƽϪһϣڶ죬˵˵뿪ˣص˽绰Ҫ¡
ڵ绰˶ķ£Ϸ£Ҷƽ˷ΪκΡ
ȻҲԸ⸺ΣȻȫ渺Ľ裬ȴһЩ⣬Ϊίǣ޷ֱӵȥʵ顣
Ҷƽ񶨵Ļش𣬶ͱʾ黹ǺĺãȻ¶˵ģҶƽʾʹֳ¶Ҳͬ£Ǳ빫Ͷ꣬á
˵˼֮Ҷƽǹ˵ϷĺҶƽּ̬ȣ˵绰
ȻҶƽͿ԰Ϸ˵һ˵һϷʲô취ҶƽУץҶƽߡ
ҷίĿܿ˽ʡȻ˽֪ǰҶƽȻннӴ֪ºȴǲôˣϴˣнӴ
ڶһ仯ҶƽһʱûᣬҷίζӦˣڽӴ̵УҶƽԸеǰӿĹҵ˾˾Щԣȥ飬ƺ˽Ĺ⣬˺ܶ⣬⵱ë֮⡣
ҶƽеЩɻ˵ҷίԸͬĿĻ⹤ҵ˾˾ӦһЩԵë
ڿԱԺҶƽǸоã⣬ŻȻ򣬿ǰ˽ʱ˽ʡǣʡǼٲٲԭǷίȻ죬ưѵĿĽٲˡ
ٲ᲻ϸʲô۶ӾͲ˵ˣһ뵽ˣҶƽ׹Ϸûкڹҷί˹ٲȻʹһҵ˾˻ȥԺ󣬿϶ҷί쵼㱨õݡ
Ҷƽз飬Ȼô飬ȻĿпܻˣһ룬õȥһ˾ǣ˵
ΪȡһԳɹҪóֵ׼Ȼʱʹҵзҷίδؾͻͬ⡣
ҶƽǽĿƷһùҷίŷĶȻǰǣ뷨ƽ¡
ͬʱҲڵȴŹҷίĴ𸴣һ£ҲûзҶƽ²ٲ϶еˡ
Ϊ˶ԸٲĵңҶƽӣٴȥ˾ǣ˾֮ȥҶļңԺ󣬰뷨ˡ
Ҷڽְ꣬Ȼ˽Ҳ˽ģ˵Ҷƽ뷨󣬵˵ͷʾϿɣÿԴ֣ƶ÷չ
ҶϿɺҶƽʾҪҷί˴ˣùҷίİϿɲС
Ҷƽ˵̣Ҷһ룬Ǹҷίδһ绰ԼһˣһҶټҷίæҶļ
ȻҶļǼҶƽͷǸеԾ֪ҶڽְĸɲҲ
ԺҶǰ˽ǵһ飬ʲôҷίһҶϿ֧˽ġ
֮ǰ˽ʺϽǣĲܹʣһ˵ЩԥԸٳеӦΡ
ڿҶ˵˻ȻҶƽԱ½飬Ѳøһʱ֮ǾҶƽ˵û
Ҷ쵼ڹ̸飬Ȼ֮ܵͱʾԼҪԵ˽һоһĿ
ԸҶƽǷˣֻҪȥͲܵ˵ɱΣתˡ
ӾǻҶƽӭӹҷίǰ׼ҷίҪҪͨ˽ͨʡһͨβɺ͹˶ӣϾǹҷίΣȨء
˲һܣҷίξǴӾǷɵʡ˽ʡ֮βɺ͹˾ӴҷίξǰѴеĿĽˣǵ˿Ժβɵùͬ˽ȥ졣
ʡƬͣҷίһо˽ԹҷίεͻȻе죬֪ʲô飬Ϊʡġ
˽Ժ󣬹ҷίξֱӿǽʱ֪ҷίδеĿģⲻˣ벻ĿҷίεĴӡ
ҶƽֳϸǽҷίԺ󣬸оĺܲϴιҵ˾Ŀƺһˣûȫ濼졣
ҲĿ˽ҷίҲⷽ飬ȡùҷίͬ¡
һ죬ҷίθо⣬ͷԼԿһ飬¾ȥȻĲþϡ
˽꣬ҷίξֱɾǣȥˣ˽е쵼̸̸
Ȼֻʡ֮ǰβ˽˽ĸɲ̸̸˽һ
β˵оβɿ⣬˽İǲʲô뷨ˣ̽̽·
ڹҷί֮󣬹Ҷƽ̸˽еĸɲʡҪ̸ȻҲ뷨֪Ҫʲô᲻ǲӰ졣
һҪ̸ȻǶ⣬ȥԺ󣬹ӽôýôô⡣
һӽ飬ﲻһ֪ô飬Ҷƽ˽ȻǲģǲһǴָҶƽĴС
ҶƽץҶƽĴ󲻺ץֻһЩָһҶƽᵽӽƽȵģҲһ⣬˵Ҷƽӹλгƺƽ⣬ִгίϴһ⡣
һ£׷ҶƽִЩίϴ⣬ʲô⡣
һ׷ףǸеЩĻţϾϹˣ˵ҪָҶƽִгί鲻ϣ嵽ЩίͲˣҶƽһ̬ȡ
˵һ㷴ӳҶƽ̬⣬ӹоìܣǲģ
˵һͱʾ˵ͷʡ쵼ӳһֲ͵ˡ
˵û˵ʲô£˽еһȫ˽⡣


1032 ̸Ӱ
Ҷƽ̸ʱǰǽº齲һ飬Ȼ˰ӽһЩ
ҶƽҪǽίֵ֧飬ίһЩϲȡ̬ȣȻԼҪȥһЩ飬ίǱȴ޶Ѱ죬ݼ˾һϣί쵼ûá
Ҷƽ˵ݼ˾飬˭ҶƽʱҲٲˣֱᵽ˶⣬ȻǰѳµԶίҪ쵼Ϊ˽λǳãȺڷӳܴ
Ҷƽݼ˾£ǳ˼һ£Ҷƽ֮ȷʵڲ͵أһЩǴʶġ
˽е쵼ӳԱһ̸Ҳ̸֪ʲôã̸껰֮۷׷ףٹ̸ʱҲᵽͷһ֮䲻͵⡣
Ȼһ֣Ϊʡίǣβί˽еİӳԱ̸ȥԺȻҪβ㱨ͬʱһֲ͵Ҳ϶Ҫȥ
βҶƽⲻ͵֮ȻǶһ£ʲôҪҪȡʲôʩ
һ¾͸βɣĿǰȻ֮ͣ˽еĹƽ˽еİӲȵĵҶƽڸǽ裬Ҷƽ˿϶ʣҪ⣬ȴǲ㣬ϾίǣҪӰ졣
Ŀȷģβһ㣬һֲͣһ˵֣ΪʡίҪ֧һֵĹ֧һ֣ȴֶ֧֣ͻᵼ¶Ϊ취һ֣뷨һֹȥͼһ֣ĻͲĹˣ֧һֹǴҪһһֵǶԵġ
嵽˽˵Ҷƽ֣ô˽ڸһЩĿпܳزۣ˽е幤ѶһֵߣǾǰ˵ϻԭ򣬱ϾΪһֻ֣ҪûشܰߣҶƽλģ˴Ŀǰ˶˵ߡ
βֿͬȻ֧ҶƽĹҲΥⷽԭ򣬷ʡίԺǲõˣҪǵġ
뵽ˣβɾûʾʲôҲ֪֧Ҷƽ鲻ȫ˽еĵλǱȽȹ̵ģʡͷ֧ء
˽е̸ɻܶ˵ۣҶƽ֮䲻۵ķԭʱҲֻ֪飬ȴǴ˿֮ԴȴΪĻĲ߻
ڹֱҶƽί飬ʵʡί̯ƣĿʡίҶƽ˽ҪȻһ㣬ǿһۣҶƽܵһѹ
˵Ҷƽί쵼ڹҶƽۣҶƽгͼί֮ϣЩΥԭҶƽˡ
Ȼ֪Ҷƽʡί쵼أôأܳΪҶƽί쵼ɣԭʹʡίҪ쵼Ҳ޷Υģһϵʵ
һ壬ìܹʡίҶƽ֮ѡ񣬱ʡίһп˵еƸ۵˼
ȻʡίԴ˲ᣬҲûʲôʧҶƽһУһ뷨
ȻҶƽҲ֪ⷽϢڴжԼί쵼ⲻ͵ۣоĻ˲۵ĺۼһĴڣҪ˼Բߡ
֮ԻôȻΪʡίְλΪʡίĻڵΪԼĵλõ˼ǿ
ΪʲôҶƽò⣬ԶʡʵӦŵģʹ֧ҲûʵΪֻʡίǣʹβĴڣҲڲȷԣΪʡĲβɡ
⣬ʹʡ쵼ãҲ̫ı仯Ҫ쵼ֲ֧Ҫģڶⷽı仯ӳһ˵иҪ֧ˡ
Ҷƽ뵽Ϸ˽еϷĵҪô򵥣һĿģΪٲΪ˶Ը
Ϸ֮ǲǽʲôϵڿ˵ˣõϷһЩ֧֣ôıҪõǿҪ֪ϷһҰĲŮˣҼͥ⣬ӵ˾һϵôϿ϶ᷢһЩ仯ǾԼûβɵ֧֣λʮȹ̵
Ҷƽôһʱ˶ӵԭⱳһϷãϷǼھǻŲСʵϼΪ˵仰βҲȫӣټʡί쵼ܻܵӰ죬βۺϿǵȻҪ⡣
һҶƽеԼĶֲǶϷˣȻҪٲٲȻûʲôˣƺȻʮֵע⣬֪Ŀʲôķչвĵλδѣɵء
Ļٲʮն񣬻˵ϼʮնͼѹǼǱڵвĿꡣ
ٲƺĽϷһҰĲҪһλոȨΪϽгӣӦ˵ǱȽģԭҲӦõء
ڴʡǴϢǣٲһЩ͹ԳԼĴڣԴһĴѹĿ뾡ΪίǣѴߡ
ڴ֪ٲǿȻ̫ʽٲٲʲôìܣϾʡίίҪԼƿȫֵ
ʹٲԶԶûʱԴˣƺôһЩϹܵöˣȨŸгûһЩַӦΪǵȨ
ЩϢʡǴ˵ٲϽѾʼƺԤıžϽίǵλӣǲͬģһ֣ȹԼλӣٲŰѴߣõίǡ
ĳ֣Ŀǰ˵װٲƽϵӣ赲ٲĲǰǱһõȥһõȥںίλӸóȥԸٲ˺ʲôƤٲһЩΪȡһֻۣһֻ۵Ӷȥȥ


1033 ϷʵĿ
Ҷƽʡôһо뻻ٽٲʼβпҪӽʡߣƽԶ˾ӶߣٵྩίˣҶпҪУܵ˵Ҫпܷһܴı仯ٲȻֱ仯ıȡһõλá
ôһʵҶƽȻ޷ٲ飬ԶĴڣö⣬û˽иȥϽҪ߳һ·
Ҷƽúõһ룬оڱҪץסİѱ˽ơƳԭʼɷϴźܴ⣬ûȥҿӣ¶Ϸ֧½˷ܴⷽͻƿڣ˵Ϳ԰Ѷˡ
һ뵽飬ҶƽоԼҲֻȥηչ˽еľãڱüоԸ£ҪԸ£Ҫ˽ơƳ¡
˽ơƳѾˣҪⴺǰѲ˵ģʱһЩ˽طԱҲǰѲ˵ģҪǿӰ㷺ֻҪ뷨ǿ϶˵ķ˵⻹ǶϣģǸʱǾǻŽŰ취п˽סˡ
Ȼֱӹ֮Ĳ֮Ӧǿ˽ơƳƵ飬ȻôȻͶڿûֹ˼ɵĿԣȻ׼ˡ
оһΣҶƽԼΧ֮У˽еһЩȻӮ˺ܶ˵أָӾʱȻеһϢ֮У˽оӪʱ̫ҪԵԸԶԶǶԸԶô򵥡
Ҫ뽫ҿһֵĿӣڵҪ©ڶഺ¶ĿӣǶⲻһͿ֮ˣഺܳڱ¶⣬Ϊ⣬ȻΪഺ๹ΥͣҲԼļ˾̣Զҡĵλഺ뿪˽Σ
ԭĳȽͬԼʡǵķزг˴ҵĹߣҲڲϵ֮󣬲ŷġ
ιˣûһеĵȨҪˣȻ˵ڱȽһ£ǻһ޷ģ˭ܱ֤˽мί˲ͨ籨ţ
ֱȥǻܴķյģҶƽʶ⣬еʱΪֱڲ֮֡
ίλȨأһС¸ڽ֮Ż飬ҪǱһɲУȻ˭׼һίǣ
ҶƽǳڶԴϣѧСĽһЩˣԶڱ֮󣬲û˵ԶʲôĻöҲǷģеһЩĴϻǱȽϳɹģԶȻ֪˽ơƳƵ£ǲûаǾ˵˽ơƳ飬ǱȽϰȫġ
֪һش飬ȴǲ֪֣ҶƽеȽϵżͬʱҲʶܵĹô˶ġ
ΪԻ⣬ڹ̸֮Ҷƽһȥǽ׼ڹҷίζˣʱ䲻ҷίǸҶƽҪص׼ͬʱĹҲҪȲƽ
ΪȡϷľ֧֣⿼֮󣬱ְȨõУõеķǣԼǿΪɣֳɼ飬ڳίϽе⣬Ҷƽһ飬øһƽһ飬Ȼļίһ飬Ľֳɼ飬ȻҪ𣬳µ쵼С飬Ե鳤Ҷƽθ鳤ίΪԱɶߵľߣһߵִߣͳһָʵʩҶƽȨõˡ
ҶƽϵȨתоȥǽ裬ȿԲⷢͻάž棬ͬʱö赱е׵Уĳίûʲô뷨ڲƽĻǽǷǳġ
ڹ̸֮󣬶ǿԼȨ˿ʡίֶ֧ģȻⲻȻûеҶƽҶƽҲԴ·ˣҶƽôȨ
һܴĵ⣬ö鵰⣬һʱ֮䣬ǰҶ֮꣬ﲻԭʱЩǲͣصԺȥңҶƽûʲôɶأǺǲɶˣȻҪҶˡ
ഺûǻԾһҶҪ㹤̵ʱ򣬶˸Ѫͷץ뿪˽УԺԶҲҪ
û뵽Զ֮ŭഺûκεķأæβˣϵѾκ棬ഺĴѾĸأڱ뷨ഺ뿪ԽԶԽá
ʱϷĹ˾ʽפ˽УһƬͻȻ˾ľһʱҲĪı֪ҹ˾Ϊʲôôţɨصĸ˾ֱȨ
Ҷƽûٲ飬ȫⷽȨɶϷĹ˾ϷʩĽ衣
ʱǳˣϷкԼλҪʩŽӣ뵽Լ;Ǿǲ븱ʡ쵼УȻٳΪһķ⽨
ϷϻŵϷǰµζǲģֻϷϵһӣ˭֪ԺʲôϷֻҪﵽԼĿľͿˡ
ϷĿģҶƽڿûЩ壬ֻΪϷҪ׳ԼĲȻ뷨ٲʵҰģûİٲԵƵ
ⱳζûֳϷ׬ǮǿԼʵȫԵطȥʱ˽ȻĿģʡί쵼һҲûзϷ˽㷿زûгֹ
ҶƽҪעеǽȥҿ˽ơƳӵˣûȥ뿼⣬Ϸһʱ֮˽ңûκε


1034 Ӧ
ҶƽĺѼ氲ȫԭͬ¸ͻȻ˽УܻҶƽҶƽþûмˣֻԭøӳˣҶƽʱ΢Цƺ鲻
ԸԸٻصǵĶſһۣЦʵ
Ҷƽ΢Цôܣڿгôٻصаû뷨ˡ
Ц˵㲻ǵʧ֪֪ϿҪȥˡ
Ҷƽﲻصһ뵽ʲôȥ
ŵҪǸ⽭һƬҷкö֮ǽʡһҷز˾ԱȴŸ鱨Ĺ˵ɲɣ
Ҷƽһ˵˵ľһ㣬û˼ز˾ԱΪʲôҪ鱨Ǹʲô鱨
һ΢ЦڰѾͶȥȴʧȥǰ鱨ԱĿˣ˽ǲһҷز˾ܽϷ
һ˵£Ҷƽ˵ϷҲʶ
ЦϷôһҪôܲʶϷȻģݺܸӣҲкģΪ˹ҰȫǵȻҲǻӭݣҪ˵㲻֪ı
Ҷƽݱ֪ģǲʲôĿģҵûע⣬ǲǷʲôˣ˹Ѽʲô鱨ˣ
ſһۣ˵¶ˣϷ߸㾭̣Ǿ̵ô򵥣˵ʡרŹѼ鱨ҿѼʲô鱨йعҰȫ鱨йͽʡй쵼鱨
ͻȻһ˵Ҷƽһ˵Ŀʲô
ŵϷĿǼҵǰ̣ѼһЩõ鱨϶ǲĽʡ쵼ģôεԭǲ֪ǻӦ˼Ե߾ڻκ˶ʶһ㣬ȴڹзһǵһҪĵʱıԲߣ߻صǶ鵱Ҳһܺõѡ񡣡
û뵽һҶƽ˲ʯĸоϷȻһԵĿģǾͲΪ׬Ǯ֧ٲˣ뷨пܴβɣ
ȻϷԼ⣬⣬ûʶҿǸܹʶ⣬Ҫúøлһ¸š
ţллңϷѼ鱨ĿĺܿңʵѾ쵽һЩˣû뵽ôʮնҪ취Ը£ʲôõûУҶƽһ˵
ŵϷ˱ȽϰԵҲܸɣʱţǸһ𣬰Ĺ̶ץý֪ˣ϶ܲʱֻл뿪ط˷ˣһЩ뷨ƣѼ鱨Ȼʲôˡ
Ҷƽһ룬ʵţ˼ȻѼҵ鱨ѼˣΪʲôҪЩ飿
ŵѼϵĻǾ̫ˣҲǵͲģ߾̣˳һ飬Ǿûʲôˣ֪һЩܲ㱨ɣĴ֮ȻѼ鱨ǾģֻṩΪӰˡ
Ҷƽһ£Ϸյĺģû뵽Ŀģϣںˣ֪飬취
Ҷƽűʾлͬʱոŵʾ뷨Ӧ֮ԭûȥֹϷ˽кҪֹѾˣѾˣʱֻ취Ϸ뿪
Ľ蹤Ϸ½ţһЩ˾ȻǸеǳƣΪĹûǵķݣǸеܵʧˣ޿κΣȻŴзһϷ˾ЩԱǸеԼܵľܾһܵЩһĹ˾Աðˡ
ҶƽоԼҪìһЩ飬ʱҪõͳİæˣȻҲŪһЩԼķزϷ˾פȻǾûлˣŹƽȴʧˣѾصʡǡ
Ҷƽһ£ĵʡǣ˽˼棬֪ҶƽΪʲôʱǣҶƽ֮ͷʮֵĲˣΪҶƽûǽйƽ
һۣҶƽǸǣĽ費ˣȫǱ޷飬ڻлѾ
һлỹܰõͳô죬ҶƽǸǣĳаһϷ˾ʩѹ幤ȥȻ취ںƶ£ϷĹ˾˽ߡ
Ҷƽô˵õͳ˾ǸеϷĹ˾ĺҶƽһгҲ޷ֱӽĹ˾ߣϷ˾ıǿ
˴ӦԺҶƽǸǣЩԺ󣬿ֱзӳȻдɽиˡ
Ҷƽţõͳ˾֪ôˣȻҶƽȥСϵСҲǺҶƽ빫֮󣬹аʱ䣬Ȼִӹʡ磬ԭʡ̨ȴǵʡ硣
ҶƽȻ֪ʡ磬ڹϣдһƪй˽ڲΣȻʱʡ쵼С飬ϾӰܴ󣬵ʱɱһǧ˰٣ֻдڲΣʡ쵼֪飬Ϊһϵ׼
СҶƽʱЩҶƽʶСĴں֮ܿһϷ˵ѼⷽϢΪԼСһαװøһίǣһȽСꡣ
һҶƽĴŴ磬С񲻽Цû뵽Ҷƽӣ·һ켣̻֮һ
СЦһ£ҶƽԼҲЦһ£ûа취ϷԱпѼ鱨ڻСһЩã֮ҶƽСһȳһ㷹
ԵεʱҶƽǰС˵һ£æһ飬һ飬СǸе֣ΪʲôҪ
ҶƽûиʵֻǸ˽ȽϸӣҪʡ쵼֪ǲ㱨æ㱨һ£ܲá


1035 ʵķ
Сһ£СлǶҶƽǳΣȻҶƽԴ˽ԺĻٶˣͷҶƽǸȻʮֵϣҶƽҪ죬ܲæ
ӦԼҶƽǳˣͱʾ³֮󣬺úлԷСһЦˣҶƽлȻԷתһ룬㹻ˣҪҶƽôл
С񳣷а׹˰飬ҶƽȥһβɣҶƽȥβɣβɵ鶼֪ҶƽֱȥβʡǵסȴκˣȻȵβɻʱβɼһ档
ҶƽͻȻβɵȻǱȽϾȣ֪ҶƽʲôҶƽԺ󣬱һӣҪ㱨֪
βɾһҶƽͰϷڽĻһ£βһȻְĳ̶ȣԶǷǳĸߣϷڵطȻǱĿģҲпܣһܿҪ뿪ʡ֪֣ʱڱң飬˵֦Ϸ񱳾ˡ
ʶµԣβɱûע⵽ⷽ£ϷĵҲǲ֪ڿϷͼȻͲܲ
ҶƽͰԼķһ£βɵͷͬ⣬һϵķû뷨Ϸڽط£ôһµĺԹۣ³ʧصľ档
֪һβɺǸмҶƽΪΪ˴󹦣ǨûУϷʱ֣пܻΪϽҪԥ
βԼ룬ֹΪѵ飬ᵱϺˣ෴Ѹٵسַ󻼡
Ҷƽ̸Ժ󣬾ǻص˽ʱϷԲ뵽ͼᱻ¶Ȼ˽Լ̣ԸŶһЩ顣
ϷȻһˣ֮ĿǷǳգǽ׬Ǯô򵥣˽һԶסҶƽȻҶƽһЩҶƽҶƽȻҶƽ˵˼Ե뷨
ͬʱҪ뽭ʡĲ쵼к׼ˣȻѼйβɵĲϣΪʲôѼβɵĲϣȻΪβɣβɱˣһϵеֶźԭһϸǾ첻
ʱϷھƵƱյȽ˷ܣϷϵ;ǳӰ죬еǳ˵飬ֻҪϷ֧ûʲôǲ԰ƽġ
ܣҾһƣ˷ܵضϷ˵
ϷЦһ˵ãǣһֻҪ߿ˣǳˣʡ쵼Ӧûκ⣬ҿ϶ǳί
ϱʾлȫ֧֣лܵͶҵ
һȾƵҲǸһƬ֮⣬һϵĸо
ԸûκΣ֮У˽ơƳûκεĿ֮ˣһЩԭʼɵֻҪ˰˵仰Ǿ͸һ⣬ڹؼϷùϵȻϷˡ
Ҷƽⷽȫ飬е࣬ǵĽ裬еһѿеĹͷô׽ɵģĽ裬׵ĺܣֻҪͶǮͿˡ
⿴һ˳֮ʱͻȻкö˵Ϸ÷ӳ⣬ҪҶƽܿǱ浽еǳΣЩ˵Ƿӳ飬ΪûаͶ귨Ĺ涨йͶ꣬ȴЭ̵ķʽصҵǷǳ㵽ȥ֣ҶƽӼǡ
ҶƽֽӼһʱûʶʲô֮ϣҶƽܹƽ£ȻЩһϷ£еȽϱ
ҶƽЩȫȡһ飬Ȼ԰꣬Ҫл㱨Ȼ㱨֮ǽд𸴡
ЩŰõͳ֯ȻҪҶƽģӳ֮󣬱ǻȥˣһȥҶƽûȥίҶ⣬ȴѾ绰ˡ
ҶƽǰίԺ㱨һ飬ҶƽĻ㱨Ҷƽʲôô飿
ҶƽһǱʾԭЭ̵ķʽȷʵĹ˾ȷʵףӦһƽĻᣬǣ½йб꣬ƽо
һҶƽ̬ϱʾУԲУȻЭ̣Ҳ˱׼ģܵĹ˾ģӴȫϱ׼صҵûʣûʸЭ̣ȴҪƽоǷ𣿡
ҶƽϷ˾ĶĹ˾ǣֻһЭ̣ҲǲƽȻǲ罵ͱ׼ƽȾôҷϷá
Ĵ˾Ը⵽طʲô취ֻܵĹ˾ˣҿ˵ȥЩϷõҵԹãĻùȥǣǾԲκòء
̬ȺܼҶƽ֪Ĵ˾ϷоģصСҵõͳҵûлᣬڶҵ뾺Ȩƫ̻ϷĹ˾
һҪùԸǣҶƽʾҲȥΪҪɣǲᰲŹȥµġ
ҶƽԸʾǺã㻹ԭ㲻Ҫ֣飬ܶڲǺܸҾͰ顣
ڳܶⲻ﹢ʱһЩ֮⣬˵ҶƽҲûٶ˵ʲôתˡ
ҶƽԺ󣬶һ룬Ͱѳܶ˹֪ܶᰴ˼£ҪóܶһЩˣֻҪЩ˲־ˣҪҪǣȻһֱǾ͵øǣЩҵƨĸûһʺ
ܶԺ󣬶һ£ͱʾЩΪѣǶ±һҪ׷ǵΣһҪпܻ׷ǵΣ֪˾Ϳˣô򵥡
һַԸ֪ܶ˼ǼʹܲЧҶƽʲô
ܶԺ󣬾ǸҶƽһ绰㱨飬Ҷƽûнʲô͸һаն¡


1036 ί
ڶⰲܶԺ󣬳ܶҶƽ˵绰ҶƽնҪȥ죬ܶһ룬ûп̫࣬ǿʼϵǼǰϷõҵǣҪϷˣǻ鷳ģһ¾档
Щҵһӵܶĵ绰æ֪ͨõͳˣ֪ȻϵҶƽҶƽҪ£ʡίʡдţڵһܴﵽĿġ
õͳ˱ʡٷӳʱС׫дڲϢѾβɵİͷβɿԺֱǩʡίҪ˽Ͷ顣
ʡίյβɵǩ֮ɵһ˽Уרŵһ飬ʡίĵ֪֮󣬳һʡΪʲôᷴӦô졣
ʡίֱӽפίԺͷȻ˼ɣһ뵽ϷĴڣ̤ʵһЩԭ˵Ӧһʡίˡ
ʡίפ֮󣬲ûȵйԱõ˼棬ȡǵӳһĲȥйԱ
õͳʡͷˣҶƽ˵ֻҪǷӳǻ˹ġ
õ˾ʡί鷴ӳһЩʡί˼¼˽Ժʡί쵼ǰѶҶƽ˹˽
ӵ绰ԺҶƽίԺʡίѯʣʡίԱֱӽͶе˽
ΪίҪ쵼˽ν顣
ûʲôŵģҲ׼ƵҶƽϣΪҲƲΣ϶м¼ġ
˿ʡίˣǰһ£ʾϷĹ˾ģʺĿһЩҵ沢ûдʲô⡣
˶Ļشʡίû˵ʲôҶƽҶƽһ˵ĽڵȷһЩ⣬֮ԴڣΪûдһҵ㷺ĹƽΪгһΣЩҵӳ⣬ΪӦԽӦͨƾķЩҵ֮⡣
ҶƽĻشĻشȫһϣʡίԱһӾˣ֮Ҳû֪Ҷƽвͬ۵ģҶƽʡίǰûие⡣
ʡί˵Ļش֮󣬱Լʾʡί쵼ʾǳҪҵӳʵģȻʵôǾҪʡί쵼ָʾӦ½йƽͶĹ涨б꣬ҪЩҵ淴ӳ⣬λҪ쵼ͬ־ô
ʡίĻһȴǲ֪λش˳ʡί˻˵ĻϷǱ߾Ͳýˣܾʹͬʡί˵
ôһ룬⵱ʾĽѾʱٻ˾ǵĹǳǲȫЩӳҵǵҪĿĻҪá
˶Ļʡί˾ǿҶƽҶƽһת˵Ȼ˵ĽѾʼ֮ǿм㽨裬ƱػһЩ֢һָǲаίһܴĴŻ½Ͷ꣬һҹ˾ȫˡ
ҶƽͶ˵ͳһʡίûнб̬ʾȥԺʡί쵼㱨
ʡί˾뿪˽У޷飬ҼʹʡίȪҲ޷飬Ҫβɡ
ʡίȥҶƽȻʮֵջˣǰȫ˾ֱӶˡ
ڵ鵱У޷˵̫ĻҶƽ֮󣬾Ϸϵ˵һ¡
ϷʡίͻȻ˽кҲǸе⣬û뵽ѾҶƽβɵע⣬ΪЩҵû赱зһϷõµġ
˶Ļ㱨֮ϷеԼһЩҵЩԣӰ쵽ļƻ
뷨˵һ˵ϷöЩϷõҵϵһ£һܲǽкǲҪϷˣȻʾͬ⣬ҲŪմһԭȫԼˣ˿϶ˡ
һϵϵ˰õͳˣΪ֯ߣϷĹ˾Ըǽ湲ʱ˵Ȼû̴ӦҶƽϵ
һԷƽϷõҵҶƽһ룬оһкõͳԲǵģѱҵǵģúӦһ顣
ҶƽðõͳҵĹʱҪӦҪпǵĻ֮ƣΪʡͷо飬ܿҪ½б꣬ڴӦˣʱͣˣ˺ڻҪϷǣ˵ǮҲò
ҶƽðõͳЩҵĹõͳӦȻЩҵһ˵֮ȻеЩĶǱϾһʱϷǣԻǳֹ̬ȣ뿴һʡô˵
һԥϷʱͰڲƽ飬һ뵽ˣϷŭ˽ǩЭ飬Ͳʡͷҷϳ˭ϳҪ˭ûꡣ
ϷǩЭʵЭ飬Ƕ쵼СǩЭ飬ΪҶƽǩЭģֻ쵼СɺǩҲǶҶƽһ顣
ϷԼıҪʡͷжԿžʡָʾ½ͶļƣĹĶ֮£Ҳ׼վһ
ʡίӳȪ֮Ȫβ˻㱨βɿ˿ʵ˽ίûܹƽԴÿһҵҵĲϷãôҪоʡί칫ֱӸ˽зͨöԾ
βԾô˵Ȼʲôԣͨܿ·˽ίȻ˶Ȿ˵İͷͬʱҶƽҲõһҪЭίͬ顣
ӵͨǷǳصģΪʡίǵǩ˸ҲӵĻǾҪеεģ⿴ͨʱ͸еɵˡ
βʡίǣϷֻŹϵܿסβɵָʾ


1037 ʡί仯
һӵͨǸеΪˣ̱ϷϷ˵βʾǸеβҪΪѰѵ֪Լ߸ĿҪҪȥһβɣ
˰죬ûȥβɣȥʡίǣ֮ǰϵںΪƺβɵҪֻҪƺβɣʹǶⲻβɵҲκε⡣
Ϸ˻棬һЩŵΪԼûܵʡһֱβɹڻϷĹƻȻϷһˡ
ƽϷöⲻҪʡίͨøﻹʡͷô죬ϷĻЩϷĵ㣬ûܣֻʡίͨ£ˡ
Ҷƽͨʱ򣬶Ǳʾ黹ҪоʱҪô죬ʡίн͡
һô£Ҷƽ֪Ϸˣⲻ˲ʡίͨϷȫƿضˡ
Ҷƽһ룬ֱӸβȥһ绰˴£β˵ºûʲôʾ˵һ֪ˣȻ͹Ҷ˵绰
β˱̬ҶƽûΪβɰŹˣ϶ڿŸ⣬Ȼ赭дѶĿΪСͷŹˡ
⿹Ϸǲµɶ£Щҵһʡͷû˶ֺڵûдӦϷĻˣһ£ìͷָ˰õͳˣΪǵԼ׬ǮĻᡣ
õͳûа취ֻҶƽȣҶƽֻ֮ܰοǶ˲Ҫżڽ״̬˭˭ס¾治ʰ
õͳ˲ųסûټ꣬һƵķչΡ
ƵȻڷչģȻϷԹĶⲻִʡίһö⣬βҲǳصģʡƵİջǱȽ׼ģҪзϷıóѡ
һ£ͻȻʡίٵʡίǡίίԱһְãȪνʡίǡ
ڲ֮䣬ʡίͻȻһСȵı䶯뽭ʡȥʱֻ˵ãͬʱȪΪʡίǡ
鲿һǰʱѾǰǽ̸ʵְѾȥͲܲμˣ鲿ʱǲֳģֻǰȪʡίǵһ¡
ͻȻ飬ʡίίеĪΪǿ;ãһʡһְģȻϴûнϣǲһνӲϣͻȻ뽭ʡûеʡʡǰûôأ
ȪʡίһְΪûʲô⣬ȪҲǿԵʡίˣֻʡίһְȴûȥ൱ȻżίǣίǶ˵ѾǼְˡ
֮βɻڻ˽ʾ˴ӽʡĹֳһεͬ־ΪõʡȪͬ־μᶨḻΪʡίǣǺʵģǼӵľ
ʱҶȥȪְûʶݣ֮󣬾෽ô¡
˴εȫβڱĹϷһȻڽʡڽ˷ˣϷֻһڽô˷ˣӰ쵽ʡ߲㣬Ĳ룬ôͻᷢı䣬ڱùϵӦ飬ڷ飬Ȼȡ֧֣ӶڵĽ֡
βɳɹˣǼ֧ģĽȪʡίǣʡίһְȻȪΡ
βȫʡίһֱһ϶˽ڽƿһǿٻعͷԸϷСǾ׶ˡ
ͻȻߣԾҲµǶ⣬Ϊһֱ֧ģһߣʡͷûзΪ˵ˣȻϷϷҲҪˣڻܼ˭ȥ᲻ΪƷ
һʱ֮еΣϷڵ֪ͻȻ֮󣬲ʶıѾ¶ˣΪûб¶ĻͻȻ֮䱻ߣܵˣǿ϶һˣֻβɲŻ˵϶βɾ쵽ʲô
вһβɾ쵽һ֮βɿ϶㱨һЩ飬̣øֹϵﵽĿģβ㱨ˣǼҿǲã¶Ұģô»ǼҸһĴڱҪǼҵ飬ٿ˻
Ϸһ˾ǣļ˻㱨˵ǰۺϵķǼҾ뽭ʡȻٲڻڽʡٴڽʡˣԱӰ쵽ٲǰ̣ԭٲڿﲻˡ
ϷĿǣеټڽʡһΪβʰĶΪһߣûΪ˵϶ҪִʡίʱͲ˱ʰĶ˼ҸߣԼгˡ
ûν飬ΪⲻһӣʲôҪлص֮󣬱ί˸߶⣬תأ˽ͶʣýӵĹɡ
һӵϷ˾ת仰ֱǸо׺䶥Ϸ˲ˣϷڣӦʡίҪϷһôǱ¶Լûмִʡίˣⲻǹ⺦
ϵϷ˽صϷʱѾٽĵ绰һȫ˾һеԼˣˣʵ̫ɺˡ
ŭҲûãϷһֺֻܰʵȥȻŷδ顣
ߣڸоһ㣬ӦԲܿʡίץסСӣȻίǸȥʱҪŵ̬ҶƽԺͣͶˡ
뵽⿼һ£ûٴ绰ҶƽίԺֱԺҶƽˡ
ҶƽԶͻȻеЩȣǺܿʶΪʲôˣƷ˾޴ı仯ƶסˡ


1038 פ˽
ֱԺҶƽԺҲǸе֣ίҪӲ칤һ£ίǲôʲôӲģֱЩĪ
ҶƽʱԼİ칫棬˹ϢһܿûгȥӭӣԼԼˡ
ڸ˲˭ӭӲӭӵˣҶƽİ칫֮󣬾Ц˽˵ƽг·һ顣
רŹ˵·ԼԼתһӣҶƽﰵЦһ£û˵ʲôһЦ
ǣԹңǲʲôҪ鰡ʲô´绰𣿡Ҷƽ鵭ؿ˵
̧ͷҶƽһۣⱣһ΢Цƽг飬ҹһ£ҾǽĺãҪʡίҪ½Ͷꡣ
һֱ˵飬Ҷƽһ˵ǣ˵飬ڲܴӦһǳίҸҲΥί飬ǣ½Ͷ£һɶҲִܲ£ʡίôʱˣûִУڳеΣ˵飬ûӦ
Ҷƽֱ˵ؾܾеЩҲסʱµʱڱ뷨ҶƽͬӦ飬齫пܲʰ
ƽг㿴г񣬻ĺãԭί֮Ҫ飬ҲΪżӿĽ裬ڿԸΥĽ裬һϣҪƽг֣ҵĲԣϣ⣬ûִܼʡί£ȫҸ𣬲ƽг˿ǣ㿴вУȫŵ̬Ҷƽˡ
ӣҶƽģڻҪס⣬ȫܾҪ󣬲֪ôʱӦ֪ڵһ룬˵ǣҪҼ֣ҳܲ𣬵Ҹ飬ôȫȨңҰãҵһҪ󡣡
ϴӦƽгģҾ棬ǵĽҲƽгȫҶ֧ƽгĹ
ȫҪҶƽˣ뾡һа취ҶƽһԱ㽫׷ʱл˵ҶƽڹĴֳͬҪ
뿪Ժе࣬оϵİ˦ˣϷˣ̯ӣҶƽˣҪӦʡίָʡίûǿ˵֧֣λСӦԵĻпܷġ
ڴţѾչƵʱôŬѾʰȻȨҶƽУǴʱʡίѾ˵βɶ
βΪϷһ𣬶ҴҶƽΪѣìܣʮأ⴦ĻԺ󻹻˽Ч£ؼδ⣬ְҪְҲҪɣʲôְ
ЩȻȥҪȥ飬ʱոʡίǵȪеԼİ칫ңоһ¡
飬βȪɵ鵽˽едڵ⣬ҪǵΪʲôûִʡίǲǴʲôȨǮףȻεĵϴβһϴ˽һĿ꣬ĿȻǶ⣬Ҫ鷳ˡ
ͷҲǺܽţʡǽлϣܼβɽһ½ͣβɴʱȻûʲôڼּⴺһΣⴺоЩţ֪Ϊʲô˽еľöʰҲûκΰ취ˡ
˽ơƳһսŲ£öȥɡ
ڶⴺһ룬ȥϷֻϷֶΰ˭ҲȲʡίŹ
ⴺĻоǳʧ䣬ص˽ԺûüȥϷʡί˾ˣԺֱӾҵûʲôأĿֱָ
ʡίйûִʡίָ𣬶ͱʾʱϷĹ˾ͬ½Ͷ꣬˫ǩصЭ飬ǿннϷһҲϷã⽫ìܣԶʡίʱûмִҲԭģⲻִУҲûĵʡίʹ׷Σ޻˵
ұ⣬ʡίʾĹУϷĹ˾ѾߣѾõûִʡίһ£дϽʡίʡίд֡
Ϊ˳ֵ׼ʡίԱһȴǸеָˣȫǵԤˣǴģҵֶĳݣ˵Ϊǲģǲеġ
ʡίԱ̬ȷ˱仯֪ԼıãҶƽͽ⣬ҴаѳĲǶԵģ봦Ҳһź壬ʡί޷̬һƣˡ
ͷϲѣʡίȥԺ󲻽ŶԲߣʱ򣬻ĳְǵһæṩľͨúŸԭʼɵ飬ͬʱҲ˽ơƳڵʡί˻㱨
ʡίһо⣬ִʡίϣڶⱾ˵ı⣬Ϊʡίṩǿĸݣڱ辶ץסڡ
ȽشҪе飬õʡ쵼׼ʡίԱҴһصʡǣȪ˻㱨Ȫһ룬ָʾǰне飬Ȼǵִʡί£ʵȴҪ㱨£ذ
ȪָʾʡίԱѸ˽пչʼܵ˽ơƳĸ⣬ͨúŵʵѾֻ꣬ûѡ
һ֪ʡίĶ򣬶ΪǻҪԼûִʡί£ʡίа˼ԼˣʡίȻ뿪ǲ뿪ԼҲ޷뿪ǰϷ
ͷǳ˰죬OְһְίǹƾҶƽˣǱҶƽ


1039 ķ
һ룬ֶ˴ȥίǵͷоԼһϿ˵ԼԿʡίûôأһ겻ˡ
ƣӦʱⴺʡǣҲЩȻ˵һʱìܣǺںܶ๲ͬһµģԼһСҲҶƽ˵ʲôҲˣ⵹̨ǣڵðһѣöƽȹΣ
ⴺھһϷ¼Ӧֶ֧⣬ӦѶˣһϵھǵϵһûܰæģһȥһٲ˵һ˵Ҫöȥ
ٲʱûȥע飬ϷҲǱܰﲻܰҲں̬ȣڶϷ£ⴺһ˵飬ǵرʾΪʡͷҪҲûа취
ⴺԸ͸ֹʡͷ⣬Ǿ뷨æ˽뽭ʡ
ⴺᵽҪٲһһǰԶˣǻر˻һٳûˣ
ٲҡͷʾ޷飬޹أԸȥ飬һҲ棬ⴺͱʾΪϷŵ³飬ѵ
ⴺָӣٲ˵ȥҽ㣬Ҳ˽Ҫ⣬ȥҽ㣬ҹܲˡ
ٲֱƸϷⴺһǽֱ˴Ϸµ¿ҲΪ㣬ڵȥϷϷٲȥ
г绰ȥⴺٲ˵
ٲһۣ˵ҽҲð£㲻֪Ǽڽ˵ϻﶼܹûиеڴ˶⣬Ƚлᣬ취ˡ
ٲֱӰѵʵⴺˣ˽ⴺ֮ԭֻΪûִʡί£˶ְǵǺð죬ҲŰ취ȥⴺˣڶǣ˽ơƳ飬ǾǺΣգٲĻ֮󣬾Ǹеûʲôϣˣڿֻ
ٲ޶ԵӣⴺʲôǲɿģֻԼǿɿģϷ뷨ûõģԼСĽȥһЩ飬ʲô
ⴺֻˣͷָǼϵһ£ǸҴӦ£Ǹоˮ̫ֻ֣ûдӦҪ
һⴺеԼҲŬˣȥһ绰ϵһȻܸмⴺŬǿûʲôɹһʱҲǸеˣȻֻܿԼ
⾡ȥӦ飬ȡƽȹʵ֤ͽ͵ģʡίԱһʱŵ飬˵˽ơƳƵڵӴԭʼɷǿҵɣҶԵ˲˻ɣһⴺһǶ⣬һǣһʡɲʡίָе׼ˣΪǴ飬Ҳ֪δ
ʡίĵҲ˶ľ죬Ͼȫܻǣöʶھ쵽֮ȫǸеˡ
Ѹٸⴺ绰һ˵ʡίڵ˽ơƳĸ⣬ڸ޷Ӵʡίˣ޷֪
һϢⴺʱҲǸеţȻ˵ʡί鵽˽Ŀǵִʡί£ͻȻ˽ơƳ£˵Ѿõʡί쵼ĬȻ˵֪ôڵѾܿˣ뷨Ӧ顣
˽ơƳ˽Ĵ͹ɷҵй˾˽žصĵλڴƳţƱػ˽ơƳشӰ죬Ǹʱ˽ơƳĹɷݱȻµһ˽ơƳͶ˲Ը⿴飬˽ơƳͶԱڶ࣬ʡίһЩʱͬʱһЩڵͶʴϢݸǣǿ϶ע⣬ʱʡʩѹ˵һЧ
ⴺͻȻһ⣬ȻǸһ绰ϵ˽ơƳܣ뷨ϢݸͶˣͶһ취顣
һеⲻǾ˽ơƳðƵĳţʡͷҲ޷ܵĴۣѵʡͷ鴦
Ѹȥʵ飬ʡίڵ˽ơƳܣܵҲⴺͶεˣһ飬ҲǸеãǺͶı뷨Ӧ顣
ʡίڲ鵽һЩ˿̻֮صʡίȪ棬Ȫһӵ棬һ£Ȼȥβɣβɵ֪֮󣬱ǸȪ飬ôҪ鵽ףȽ
ȪǵĶһЩǸβɵǣⴺ˽ơƳҲʡصҵȥ»Ӱ쵽˽ơƳӪ±ƴſԡ
ȪĽ飬β˼һ룬ȷʵҪһЩʲô¶Ҫƽȹɣڶ⻹λϣⴺҲλϣһ£ƱزĳȽϴӰ쵽˽ơƳƽȴ飬ǲܹڼꡣ
ˣβ˼һ£Ȫ˵ȪҿҪô죬ֻܵûִʡί飬ʡίȥְȻʡĸθְȥʡ˴Эԣȹһ뷨顣
βɵĻȪŶⵣʡֱŸְȥʡ˴Эǲ̫һЩ᲻ʲôۣ
βɵۺˣԽۣԽһչͷɣٰһ·ͬ־㹲ͬ顣
βɵİţȪǼִУýŲִʡί޷ȥְ񣬵βˣضҲ֪֮ʵԭֿʡί½Ĵ
ԺȪʡίߵۣѶûִкʡί˵Ȼ飬ύʡίίۣ


1040 ֹ
βľҪѶְȻĴΪȻ£˽ơƳִĶ
ʱеͶѾ֪˽ơƳʼµ飬ǿʼʡĴֱϵʡһʵû£Ȼ֪£Աʾ޴£ǲҪʲôġ
Ͷʡ˵Ļǲŷһͷˮ֮ȥβɣβ֪󣬱еģǲ˽ơƳʲô⣬ƽģһһڲκ⡣
֪Ȼһµ飬ڶ֮˭˽ίǵ¡
һ̸飬ǽҶƽΣ֪βɶҶƽͣҲǶҶƽ͵ģʱҶƽίǱȽϺʵġ
˹Ļβɵ˵ͷʱҲֻҶƽίˣȥ˽ίǿ¾Ͳˡ
飬֮βְ·飬·ȰѶֱҶƽΪίǣô̼⣬ȰѶ˵
·հ죬Ȫ֪ͨ⵽ʡǽ̸ʡǺȪ·˹̸ͬȪҪ̸Υ͵⣬ΪûִܼʡίӰ쵽ʡίľ߲ʡίΪʺٵ˽ίǡ
һͷһ£ϱƽʾһзʡίľ·ʾȥ˽ίְ֮ʡίһİţϣ˼Լڵ⣬ԼĹ
ܰеһˣϱʾ淴ʡԼãΪԼĹ
̸Ժ󣬶ûٻ˽ȥʡίίٿ飬оص⣬ȥ˽ίһְΪʡ鸱ǣҶƽ˽ί
ί˾飬ʡί֯˵˽飬֮ǰѾ˶ҪְϢܶѾ֪ˣǲ֪ȥȵʡίίһ꣬ұǺ֪ܿ˶ȥ˵⵽ʡֻǵһְǵϣо൱ڱˣұúίǵʡҲҪŪʡְֱûмȥʡְֱģ̫ˡ
ΪŶѾ㲻ˣҪ֪ʡίһֱڵƽ½Ҫôһ˵ʡְֱˣǵϰҲɵá
һ룬ҾöûģԼͬʱҲԼɣʲôǿ
ȥְͬʱҶƽ˽ίһţҾʡίϿˣչ˵ˣȻʡίΪʲôûֱҶƽΪίǣ
еΪΪҶƽ֮ìܣʡίֱҶƽΪίǣֻ֣ΪٿҶƽʱûҵʵίǣҶƽȶš
˽ίε𱾵ظɲۣһиɲۣϾεͻȻôһ飬˭еġ
Ҷƽ˽ίʱԵúƽ˽ͻȻôһ飬ҵ϶ܸӣ˭飬Ƚϵ鷳ڲûʲôϲı֣ʡίûʽΪίǡ
ȺҶƽ֪Լ񻹺ܷأҪܶĹʡί֯ԺûеίԺ칫Ϊֻί֣ʵ˵˾ټһίĻ飬ȷ飬ʾˡ
صԺҶƽҪץǵĽ裬һ룬ҪҪǽҪйҵίάֻҪź˾Ϳˡ
㱨֪ҶƽίͷҲ뷨ҶƽίԺгͺˣھ뷨ˣҪúõر֡
㱨Ҷƽ˰ţϷ֮ھҪһƽб򣬰Ľ辡ؽá
̴ӦˣȥԺ󣬾ǿʼ飬õͳȻҲǹͶ꣬ͬ顣
ǵĽ⣬ҶƽоҪóܴһ־飬ά׼ôûʲôѡ
άǸĹ滮Ĳˣ˵ȱٵʽϣЭʽ
ҶƽһϪǴ绰Ϫһ򣬷ϪԺȴǸȥˣʽֵ֧£ýһˣһϵ
һϪȥˣҶƽǳԾû뵽Ļȥ治Ǻ棬ĵһ䣬ŵ
ϪһЦй©Լ°ɣû뵽Ϫ룬㲻ϪǲǻˣеΡ
Ϫͨ绰Ҷƽﲻ˼Ϫ滳ˣԼֶһӣѾˣҪٶһʲô
һ뵽飬ҶƽоԼþûк͸߿ͨ绰ˣǲҪͨ绰
߿ѲسˣǵֵξֳˣҶƽ֪飬Դ¹ԺͲƴˣڴֻǹ˼źˣȻֳĹҲ١
ʱ߿Լİ칫ͷȡĹ㱨ʱֻˣҶƽˡ
һҶƽĵ绰߿˻Щ˳ȥһֳ˽ܵ绰ӣЩ˾˳ȥ
˳ȥԺ󣬸߿Žӹ绰Ҷƽһͨˣ˵Ǳææ
߿Цһµæأ˵ɣʲô£
߿öˣҲǰ鿴ÿˣҶƽ֮ȫѰɣҶƽҲ֪ģҶƽã˽ӵҶƽĵ绰Ǻܸ˵ġ
ǧҪôƴˣһֱæţûʱ绰ڴ绰ʺһ¡Ҷƽ˵
߿Ĭһ˵ҲҪôƴע壬ллҵĹġ
ҶƽЦлʲô̫ˣһֱûлؼңһؼңȥ
߿ȴ˵˰ɣڲûиߺİְ˭ʲô
Ҷƽֻǿں廹ȻôҪġ
߿жһ£˵ĿѾûôҪˣ߲һϡ
ҶƽҲǳĬһ£˵ĿôҲںˣֻںĿеĵλôҲġ


1041 δ
Ҷƽ͸߿ͨ˵绰ҶƽĻ߿ﷺٰζͨ˰Сʱĵ绰ȻŹҶϡ
绰Ҷƽһ룬ԼڸϵЩ̫ˣӰ쵽Լ˵һǳõ飬Щǲ˵־ΪתƵģҲԵúΡ
ԼְߣҲزʡˣҶƽŽǲܾ߿ˣҲãûǳʲô¶
ҶƽίĹҪĹίǱߵɸίţ˲û´ʲôָʾΪνֹʱԲ˳һЩ飬ʱûΪίǣɻʧ䣬ȻֿԶ˵ܵͣʵҪΪǱߵĹ̫࣬òķǱߡ
㱨ͨúԭʼɴ飬ڵʱôڶˣԽд˰ɣ˻Ļ㱨Ҷƽһ룬ЩͨúԭʼɵѾѹɷݶˣؼδЩˣǣԱȽ϶ֻܴ࣬Ҫˡ
ҪһԶ飬ڵˮ־ֳһȻڵͨˮسӦ׵ˣҪǱؽǴڻֻί󣬻һĲȶġ
һ룬Ҷƽ͸߻оó֮ύȻίɹʶд
ҶƽĻȥԺͿʼоδˣʵҶƽģҶƽóڱ뷨оһһЩҶƽһϺˣȻһЩҲһִ˵Ĳԡ
ⱻʡθ֮һֱûȥϰ࣬һԳ岻ãҪ٣ǷŵԬİͷϵģԬȻǶҲǵίǵˣ˵ʲôһļɾˣֽⴺ
ⴺֹܹ鱨ȽϺãⴺȻ֪ʱ飬Ȼ᲻ͬ⣬Ѷеһ
ⱻְ£ҲⴺһӰ죬ȻְҪԭǶûִʡί£ԵԭͶ˶ѾʶˣڰѶⰲŵ֪ǲһ½Ĵʩǣһء
һ֮ⴺǶԶһοӲõӰ߳ⴺһοⷴЦʡҲðοңûпƣߴˣԭ򣬻Ҳ䵽ⲽأ
ⴺһۣʵ˵Ϸ
ûұΪϷʵǿٲڽְùϵԺ;һշסңû뵽һˣҸˣеʱǲ˰ؼʱҪԼ
˵£ⴺȻҲᣬεĶ޷Ӵģ嵱Уǲ֪ôģŪɳ׾ҲӳϵĲ죬ΪһϷͿΪΪˡ
뿪˽Ҳһ£ҺǱ߾Ӫô꣬˿ˣϾ˽ľõλܸߣȻƼҵίһְͷѾоףǸɲţǱ߿һܺõִߣǵίͳȫֵʱ򣬿ܾЩˣοô˶˽ʹ㲻ҲⴺͶ⽲һЩﻰ
Ƕһ˵ԼɲίǣﻹǲģҶƽԣҲ䵽ⲽء
Ҷƽҵһǣûƿȫֵеġ̾һ䣬ͬʱҲΪԼ⡣
ϣⴺȴ˵϶ţô˵ҶƽֻгûмԦʧ֮󣬲ϵңǿҶƽȴûҽϵⷽǲһЩ
Ȼ飬ʶⴺʱ֧ҶƽģҶƽʵûⴺ֧֣Ҷƽûп⡣
ԼĳЩĲ㣬ԼҲҪʲôˣ䵽ⲽǺõˣõĻ˵ܶɽ𣬶ãҲˡ
ܵ˴ⴺҶƽǲֹģٲһŲͬһıֻûйѣСϢѾúܿ㿴ϷҶôٲʹǿӲҲûķֺˣ˳ƿѹ϶ǲܵóѵģһʼʹˣûʵ
ⴺ뾩ǵʿٶҶƽ˽һЩⷽľһЩȻҶƽβɵ֧֣ǲûʶҶƽһɵ
Ҷƽôᣬȴ˳ίǳ˰裿ѹҲǲȥһЩ飬ûҲѹ˽ơƳͳˣڣ֪᲻սᣬٳκ⡣૵˵
ҲⴺĲⴺ̾˵ûʡί֪ⱳǻʲôǣԤУ²ôҪĴ㡣
һ˵ʡ˵ʲô
ⴺ΢ЦȻǽôԭʼɣô࣬һ룬ҪжꣿֻǣԱڶ࣬ʡͷôҲӰ쵽˽ơƵӪҿʡίͶĴ㣬죬Ҵ׬ǮȥϣһõĴɣ
һⴺ㣬ⲻһеⴺ̫ˣһӺò׬ôǮô³ȥĻǲҲҪǰ׼εΣգ
ʡǾûӦԴµİ취𣿡ⲻһ䡣
ⴺЦҲûУ˽ơƳĸƵһָģǾߣ˸йͬΣǣ뿪˹ڣԭʼɵķϣʡͷ޷ĻôʹȥҪһˣ֪ԸⲻԸ⣿
뿪ڣǳһ
ⴺûл뿪ڵĻҰ㣬ʲôģҰҪ˵Ļɡ
Цһµɩ˸Ūһգ
ⴺµҲֻˣȻΪޣΪ⣬ʱķƽ˾ľƽˣǱδѣ
ⴺ⻰һⴺǱ뵽ǰͷȥˣֲõ㲻а


1042 ί
ⴺԱڣöеȽѹϾ뿪ڵһϰߵ飬һӣԶزˡ
ǳԥȥԺȻųӵ׼ⴺѾź˽սٳû뿪ڣŹ۲һ¹ڵĶʡͷŹ
ʡͷٳҲûжҶƽίһ֮ʡίڶ˽쵼һҶƽƼгģǸһƽΪίǣԭʡίǣŲСƣˣջøһƽ˽гҶƽƼ£ǽһίǡ
ʡͷʽҶƽ˽ίǵľҶƽϯ̨ϣʡί֯һƽͷеܸˣڳгˣȻһЩۣûеʧ
ֽ֮˻ȻҪһίҪϸʡίҪ濪չȫеĹٽȫʡĿչ
Ҷƽ˱̬ԣͬʱһƽ˻һ˽ίʽˣԺҶƽǰᵽίԺ칫гĲͬǣгʱҵĶ࣬ʱɲҵĶ࣬һίԺ͸оԼ˴ҵģܶɲŶӹ㱨
ίȫеģίίģΪĵģҶƽ֮ǰǸܵǹµĸоֲôҶ뵱һ֣һֺͶ̫ˣȻ⵱һֵòôǱ˶ҲҪķԸ͵ùһֵơ
ʽίǣҶƽоԼĵӺأϾȽϸӣȻˣǶڣЩҲҪ𣬲˵ǿԼҪȫ̽գĻԼûʲôֱ
֯־ίƽ˵Ƕˣ˿Լί֮󣬾ǲϵȻ£ҪҪǲҪ뷨һǣҪ˼ĵطϾ̬ת̫죬˲֮С
ҶƽȻûν񱣬ҲܲԭڼȻίǣ͵ԼҪһҪİ֮²С
һȨĳ嶯˭λӣԼ˵㣬ǣҲǣڶ˵ǾһѡǷӻǲӣһ⡣
Ŀǰڸһƽ˵ҪӵģΪԭҶƽ֮ĹϵпɣȻȲҶƽĹϵҲǿԵˣֻǸһƽ֪ҶƽƼΪгʱЩʹ죬ҶƽҲûмггҲǵϡ
ڵίǣҲеˣϾûҶƽĶ֧ίǿ϶Ҳϣ֯־Ӧȣֻǲ־̫ȻǲΡ
ȻҶƽϵУҶƽûΪ˽ơƳβͣ⣬ӰܲãȻ²֪飬ǻǻӰ죬һˣĿռСˣһƾ͵˾Ӷȥ
ҶƽίǣȻҪһ˽һҪ뷨ԽϽУһԾΪȫʡľõһС
ĿǷǳΰģҲܹﵽģϾ˽ԼۺĻֻҪ湤úãĿһܴﵽ
Ҷƽһ£ǰһץĽ蹤ץǽ裬Ҫץôӹʵ飬ӹǻҪӴȣⷽͨıȽϺãһܺõķͷãһҪǿͨصʹ
ԭץģίίˣҶƽ黹ץԭץģίˣ黹Ҫץ
ʵĹҶƽŰŸһƽȫ渺飬ʣٽȫеľһ룬ǰѸһƽеίͬһ顣
һƽ²ίԺΪεгҲǱȽϵᣬ;϶ǿõģڵһ֣˲һĸо
Ҷƽ绰˵عˣҶƽİ칫ңʱѾһ֮󣬿Ҷƽ˱Ǵ˴к
Ҷƽ£һµǰ飬һƽЦһЦ˿Ҷƽ˵һƽгʡίոյǵİӣһһһĹ֮ǰźã֮ǰҪǵĽ裬鹤ԭҪƶҺǶˣҵ˼˸ǱЭ㿴ô
һҶƽ˵飬һƽһ£ԭȷ񣬶һַˣʱΪίǣûв֣Ҷƽ˼Ȼ˼鹤
˵ռȫйĴ󲿣ΪгȻԸʲôܣҪҸɣʲô쵼С鳤֮ģĻɼԹһ֣ȻɶɼҲûС
һ룬һƽ˵ҶǣһץģӦץһ飬һֱץҪǿⷽҽ黹ǣͷЭǾ帺ӱȽϺá
һƽҶƽ֪Ըȫ£룬һ룬˵һƽгһͷҪǿʵĹҵ뷨ȫȨ飬ǿȫеʹֻвϵʣܴٽǵľһӼ޵Ҫǿ飬㸺Ļ»ǣľ
û뵽Ҷƽְţһƽ˵ҶǣһĹ治ϤͻȻ飬ɲܲҿǿǣ
һƽԸеΣҶƽеЩˣоһƽЩûʲôǱ˵ϤҪֻҪŬȥ飬ʲôѴίֻҪǴȥ飬ͲʲôѴ
ҶƽĻһƽĬһ£˵ǺҶǣ¾ˣΪǸʵĻҲԣһоͰķԸˡ
ͬԼҶƽ˵ͷڱγȨȻĹð˼죬ڽͬʱԱû˵ֻţҪ˵ʱ˵ȻҶƽĿǸһƽûҲҶƽ


1043 Ǳ
ҶƽȥһƽͷȻʹ죬Ҳ˵ʲô֪ҶƽûиʲôʵҶƽ࿹⣿
һƽ֪ܵгңҶƽȨǾǺܲˣҶƽôҪڱʾӣӵĻҶƽ뷨дѹгпܸɲȥ
ȻҶƽģҶƽȻϣ˵ҶƽľΣҶƽһһƽ϶ˣ˵ҲҶƽһֶΣҶƽ
һ룬ýҪӽҶƽ󣬰ԼֹܵãֻܼõҶƽ֧֡
ҶƽЩһ£Ҳǵһƽܻʲô뷨ΪĿǰĿ֮£ʹһƽʲôģҲûԼԼ֮ţǳڹϵĿǣûѹ˼
Ҷƽź֮󣬱ѻ˹δͨúŵ£֮󣬾㱨ԼĴǶԶȫְǴ֣ɲֱԼǴȴ֡
˻ı棬Ҷƽһ룬ΪͨˮصسһֱһֱûлᣬڼȻˣһҪŻسְˣȻĲְԶҲְĻǲðôֻҪǴ־Ϳˡ
ҶƽԼһʾͬ⣬֮󣬱ύίо
Ҷƽֳί飬һоǡ鹤һоύͨúŵ£ίһҪͨúŵ飬ǴоȣҶƽһξ⣬ĿĻҪöʵʵģһзǳ
־ƽˣ֮ɫҲǺѿҶƽڸոί֮󣬾ǳԶˣҶƽһҲͦݵġ
־棬־ƽ˱˳ĬҶƽһҶʱ򣬶ҲûԶ飬飬۵ҸһƽոյгҲҶƽģû˵֧֣ȫǹġ
óԼĴ֮ҶƽҪԱһƽʱ򣬵ȻȥĶôȻ£ˣҲҪԶ൱ڷ˴ˣȥ£ǲ𣿼ʹ£ҲӦ£־ƽˡ
ί˳ͨ˴ְԶҲǸеĻ̻̣ͷ̤ʵûְͲˣǴǼǴա
һ飬Ѹ֪ˣܵ˾ţоһźţָоҶƽĲǺأԶְûУȻְˣȻԵпЭȥεǸΣ൱ûְִȥûô¡
ͨú˽ơƳһͨúŵԭʼɻûжּѱ֣ȻҶ˹ˣûıȡ棬˽ơƳѾıȡˣһǷǳ޴棬ʹûദЩ϶Ҫ׷ȥһ룬ҪǱӹⰡ
˰죬ûⴺΪãǱӰɣֻҪԼǱӣⴺͲᱻ¶һ룬ⴺһ绰Լ
ⴺһҪ뿪ڣҪСģϾôʱˣһֱûߣ˵ѾڿˣߵСһЩ
ⴺĻһӷʲô𣬶ԼһίǣȻ䵽ⲽأʵ˸еҰ
һ룬̾˿һ룬־ôڹ鴦Ǹҵ£ȻǾ뷨뿪ɡ
һӣⴺļٻգĩϰʱ׼Ǳӹ⣬źͺһֱڹ⣬ѧͬţ˵һ٣ӵĻõʲôҲⴺԭ򣬵һֱڽҵҸʱ죬һֱûߣ¶ĳˡ
һ˼ųװȥεӣѳӿһξ֮󣬱ǰѳˣȻϻ𳵿׼ɻ뿪ڡ
˺֮󣬶׼ȥƱǻѻսȥ֮Ա˿գһ˹ȥһ£˵Ļ⡣
Щ飬ⴺĻգǼٵҲ˱ֱ׳˽ȥ
ȵȥֻ֮һƷ˶˵Ļմ⣬Ҫ뽭ϵȺʵ֮Ʊǻ
һʵҵĻʲô⣬ڵң
ⷢ𣬶Էȴǲ˵ȲҪ֮󣬾͸С
ǲǿ뿪ʵ
Է˵ڲ뿪ֱˡ
ܴܲ绰еЩĻˡ
ڲԴ绰ԷǰսֻƷ
ǸʲôҪҵɷ𣿡Ȼ뱩ףȴǵ㡣
ǲ֪ŰɡԷ޶Եӣеˡ
ϵ֮󣬽ٴУʡ³⣬³֮󣬼ʱ򣬶һΡ
ôﰡһȥɡ³ɼʱЦ˵
ֱˣΪϵֲ˵֣³ɾȻˣ˵ʲô˵鱩¶ˣ
³³ôˣǽͰ͵ز˵ˡ
һ˵³ɱЦҷʡ쵼֮㣬㲻ʲôɣ
һ³һ۵³Ҳ˵˼ں졣
³ЦҶˣض˵ʲô˰ɣʲô»ȥ˵Ǹã
³ɵĻ֪Լ鳹ױ¶ˣ֪ô¶ģⴺṩĻգѵʲô⣿ⴺһף
һʱ֮䣬˼֪³ԹʹĿԣֻܸ³ɻص
³ɽӺ˽һ·ϣⲻʵ³ܸܲΪʲô
³ɿһۣ˵Ҳܸ㣬㲻ôˣ֮鲻ô򵥣Ϊһ߾Ϳ֮𣿡
һʱĬһ˵֪һ֮ǻգǾȻҲܲ鵽Ҹе⡣
һۣ³ɵδؾǰˣԼȥĥɣ


1044 ֯
۾³ɣ仰˼ѲⴺҪⲻܰһʱĬֻø³ɻص˽ʡǡ
ԼĻΪʲô⣬ǲܳģҪ֪ⴺ׼ģⴺʡôܻأ
ܲ⣬û뵽Լƨʺѵⴺƨûʺⴺ˴쳣ֺϼȡᣬĿ죬ҷƵĻҲǲ٣Ϊǰε˽ίǣ˽ơƳƵз˺ܴһʺƣʺƹھ޴̲ȥԵ뷨ǮϴˣʱԼǿõˡ
Ȼ֪һΥ飬ǿôǮҲܲסջͨԼϵȻⴺ˽ơƳϻõľ޶Ʋϴס
ԣⴺ˽ơƳϼȺֲ£˵£ΪԼǮϴףûʲô⣬Ҳʡί飬оҪ¶ģ뿪ڣ鲻ȥ
ͳϴǮڣϽйһϴǮʱ󹩳ĻʹߣϽо־ֳάǮʮ־޴ʱҲ̾ˣоԼûа취³ɽб档
³һҲһǣⴺңҲ޷̱βɣβһҲʮգ´ȥܲΪǹĸɲϴǮץʵ蹫󣬶ôʱ鱩¶βɱͨⴺλ÷ǳҪⰲ³ɼĶ
һһʹʡļ֮£Դһ֪ȵյʱʲôǾһĿȻˣȻӣõĻʡĺܣȻݻղȡ˴ʩ޷ڡ
Щ鵱Ȼ߶⣬ڶĳԼױ¶³һص֮󣬱ǽƽʡίȪõϢҲȥβɣβ󣬾Ȫ˵⣬ڵͬʱһ黤հ
չٶȷǳ죬һί˾Ͱѻհ齲ˣʡίԱֱӵʡ³ɵϣˣҲǲòԼΪյ飬Ȼʱû˵ⴺָʹ飬ñⴺ
ʱⴺһ˵ԼųˣҲûӳɣһӻţоһ㣬Ϊǿž񣬳ϯйĻ飬űһӾʹʡǡ
о籩Ҫ٣ҶƽҲǺ֪ܿ飬û뵽뵽ӣȻ֪ⴺ˽ơƳϲɾû뵽α커գںˣⴺûȳ£ȳˣ뵱ԼԼҲп۵ʱ򰡡
Ҷƽͷɵظ̾һо޶쵼ɲģһ̰ģһͺѶϾǷްÿ÷޵갡
ʡίܵ󣬲ûн˽ơƳĸ⣬ǲȡ˶Կķʽܲصʡί˵棬귲漰˶Ҫܵίĵ飬ʡίһȫפ˽У˵顣
ڵ֮ǰʡίȡһʩԭ˽ơƳ˽ơƼŶ³λʡίһ쵼˽ơƼŶ³˲ȡʩ֮⣬ֹܹҵĸʡ־ǰ˽ơƼŽӲ칤˽ơƼҪһӿ췢չʵֵʮڵĿꡣ
Ϊ˽ơƳģֹĵӰ쵽˽ơƳ³⣬ЩԺʡίĽפ˽С
ҶƽӴʡίһУΧŵĸ⣬ʡί뵱ز߽а̸֪ҲǷǳţʡίֻ˵ʵǲⴺֻǲ룬ҵõһԭʼɣǶⴺ˭飬õԭʼɣһö֪
һĵ飬ʡίԱ˶ߣʡһ鸾鸾ݼΪأ鸾ֿ˺üС˾⼸С˾˽ơƳͶʣ⼸˾飬ǿտǹ˾⼸տǹ˾˽ơƳȻǵһϵģôһŷֶŮ˹ϵ
ڱչ˴ʽԭʼɷɲҲһֻ֣ǼһֲԺԲƣһ֣ôǺСģʲôģֻΥͰˣǵί˵¸ʱŷ֣θڴأ˴ڹģԭʼˣֻǸСһִۣӶ׬ȡڵ
˾޴ΪʡίԱһǵ飬齫ѷ֣Ϊҡһ˽ơƳĹɶʲôϵ
⵱ʱгⴺΪίǣûһǣھϴǮѱģ޼ѰҶԴ˿϶Ҳ֪һЩģͻƶ֮ⴺͻ¶ˡ
ʡίԱյ֤ݣ⳹ױֻʡίԱѵȫ˳Ҫ˵Ȿ˲ûŴ˽ơƳеõʲôôΪⴺ˽ơƳƵʵˣô£ܵⴺĹƻȻⴺһ·ȷⴺ϶Ҳ˽ơƳõôˣǾôõģҲûйʣԭ˽ơƳӦ˽顣
һ˵ʡίԱ̶˽ơƳе飬ǰѾ˵飬ûнⴺ飬ΪⴺǸʡҪб
ڿʡίԱֱⴺ£˽ơƳĳڳĬһʱڽⴺǳ̴ԭʼɵ⣬տʼʱֱ̣ǺϴǮôˣֻ֪ô£˽ơƳĹɶҳⴺİס
ⴺİ̱ץⴺ֮Ҳǽˣⴺİܴߵģⴺİױߵĵ죬мίͻȻϢƣʡʡⴺΥΥڽ֯顣
мίϢ󣬽ʡίϢƣʡ鸱ǸΥΥ֯顣
ݸɲĲ鴦Ȩޣмίʡίֱ𹫲˶˵Ĳ鴦֮ǰȻڽܵ飬ǲûнйҪǳڰ참ҪⴺѾ¶Ȱˣͻһĵãٽһİ


1045 һ
ⴺͶͻȻ֮䱻鴦Ȼ𶯷ǳⴺڸʡ֮λ鴦ģڲ鴦֮ǰûнŵλȥ˲鴦֮ǰ鴦ļʡɲ𶯻󣬶ⴺûεĻϽġ
ⴺ˵ӡý򽻵ǳĺãʹ⵽飬Ҳû뵽ջᱻ飬û뵽ǣⴺô⵽˵顣
ⴺͶΪ˽еǰίǺгһͬ⵽飬ⲻǻ˽ִģ˽е̬ʲôӣҹעĽȻȻؾͶ˽С
ǵ˽ơƳ⣬ʡⴺͶⱻܲ󣬼˽Ӳ˽ơƳĹĿȶ˽ơƳʲôĲ
ʡٴ˽УҶƽΪίǰӭӣһƽȻҪǰһͬӭӹĵ
ⴺͶⱻ鴦ȫʡ𶯣˽и𶯣ⴺͶĹͬ鴦˵εľģ˭۴жĹףôαװֻҪΥ˼Ͷᱻ鴦
Ȼ˵ҶƽƿҲǺǿˣǹ˴ǰа˽쵼ȶ֮⣬ʡί쵼ɻٽƵȶ
˽֮ٿ˳ί飬ڻϣͨ˶ⴺͶ˵ĵ⣬ָⴺͶڵ˽Ҫ쵼ڼΥˣɣƭʡί˽ơƳƵзУʡίУʡίԶ˵ǼʱġҪģǳȷġ
ɫĳίǸܵ˴εŨΧ֮ͨ󣬹ҪôҪ水ʡίʡĲҪ㡾ְأԼĹⴺͶΪޣŽҶƽͬ־ΪǵίΧѸá
˹ĻҶƽ˱̬ʾӵʡί鴦ⴺͶ⣬˴εľģҪͳһ˼룬ƣȫе蹤ԱͶ뵽ֹȥʡίʡָ߶һ¡
ҶƽΪίǣȻҪ̬ʱʵ֧Ĺģ˽еĸɲ鲻ȶ϶ҪӰ쵽Ĺ
Ҷƽ̬֮󣬸һƽҲ̬Ϊг˽ʱ䲻֪ڳ飬о޹أгҲҪһ̬ʾҪӵ̬ȡ
ίǺг̬֮ЭϯŹʢҲ̬˴ҶƽεģôҶƽ͸һƽɲǶŹʢˣҲҪ̬
ʱŹʢͷȴǸеܽŵģΪĹϵʮ΢ģϴиܵΪһֱڣʡͷ᲻λὫ£Ҳǲ˵˽ơƳϣûжǰֻ̰ڹһݣҲǲˣأʡͷûдһء
ʱ̬ʱñ򶨣Ҳ˼ӵı̬
˱̬֮󣬻ǰ˽ơƳ칤ҪĿľ˽ơƳȾͶ˽ơƳĹ˿϶ȻⴺͶ飬ǲûӰ쵽˽ơƳĹϣȥѹãһģ׳˽ơƳʵ
˽ơƳ֮󣬹뿪˽УҶƽ֮ٿίί飬һѧϰ˽еĽһȶģôҲҪܵⴺͶӰ죬õǰĹ
ʡί˽ơƳĸƹ飬ⴺͶ˵İ£ʱ˽е쵼ǹϵǳе˶ԭʼɣЩڻλϣȫƱػӰ쵽˽е幤ǵһ㣬ʡίֻҪ˳ⲿԭʼɣ׷ǵΡ
Ҫ֮£־ƽжŹʢȫ˳ԭʼɣʱ֪ԭʼɵ£Ҷƽʡί˵Ҳԭʼɸ˳ȥЩԭʼɼҲмǧԪ֮ޡ
ʡίЩǮս֮Ȼ󱨵ββ˻㱨֮󣬸еЩ̫񻰣֪ǲԵģȴһֱİõĵõЩǻλϣܷˣָʾʡί⼸Ҫȫ飬ʡίȥǼ˵ְ
βɺԥĴʡίԭ˶ǵľЧʡίȫְ
һ⣬Ȳ֪飬˳˹ɷݣҶƽԵʡͷ˵ԻûгְԱ
Źʢ־硢ƽ˱ʡίְܵ飬һְһӾȱְλʡίҶƽҶƽ㽨ͨίǿ֯ܶίǣܶڴж˹Ĺϵû޷иĵزںҶƽվһ𣬶ס˶ѹҶƽΪԳίһְ
ڶŹʢЭϯһְҶƽɻΣҪǿǵˣȽܼԭ˽ơƳɷݵȲ֪飬Ϊ¶ĻЩƽǽЭϯµļίһְʡͷѡɡ
ҶƽĽѡʡί˿죬ʡίĿ죬Ϊǿ֯ܶίһְǺʵģǻЭϯһְͨǻȻ֪飬ʧ죬ʱûвĴڣˣҵķ飬Ҳٴмίְλˣʡίη쵼ְͼԱ
ڻţҶƽȻе⣬ǽϿȷʵʡίǵ⣬˶ԴҲûʲôҶƽԼ֧ѾǸмĪˣҶƽʡί飬ԭʼϵ޷˵壬û䵽Źʢһ³͸еˡ
֪Ҫʡίʱ򣬻רҵҶƽУͬʱʾл⣬Իл⣬Ҷƽվ֡
Ȼ˵ֻǵ˷쵼ְ񣬲ûΣʵȨˣҶƽԻҲǳų羴лģгԺûл֧֣ö๤ǸɲģҲ޷п⡣
еʱ򣬸˽޷ԵĹƽϾʡίҪǵ֣ǵȫֵİţΪһ˵Ľˣһ棬˵ԹƽһҲӦʶûо쵽Щ飬ҲһʧְļԭȻ˵һã޷ڸ֮ǰʧְΪ
һǣҲûʲôԹԵģֻҶƽеûܵõʡίĽһãƺ
Ҷƽ˼Ҳ죬ǳмˡ


1046 ı仯
ЭϯһְһʸĸгΣҶƽٴƼͨˮίΪгͨˮίǡ
ͨίһְҶƽȥԭͨسΣͬʱѷ·ˣͨصس
÷ȥͨصس⵱ȻһˣͬʱҲøһƽлѡԼİ칫ΣڱµУȫҶƽһƽ岻֡
֮Ҷƽľ󲿷Ȩһƽ޷Ҷƽ࿹⣬֮£һƽֻнҶƽһ飬ʲôᡣ
ŹʢͲ־硢ƽ֮ܵ󣬶Źʢձ⣬˫棬־ƽ˱ֱΪԱȫܵ˴֡
ʱв־ֳĸѾˣ˵ʵڵĻǽˣİ칫ΣڶˣͷܽŵģǰԿҶƽڱжˡ
άǿⴺˣڼʱתҶƽϵУȻⴺˣûʲôɽŵģǲûⴺһʲôܵ⡣
ĸմʱŽţһβֳôҪһλҶƽʲôֳǸɲˣһ뵽ˣ
룬ĸȥҸһƽְְĿĵȻ̽һ̬ȣȥҶƽȥҸһƽһһƽггܣһϣһƽء
һƽʱΪгһΧȫҶƽΪгҲֻзӵķݶҪӵԼȨµõȵҶƽ뿪˽УίǲС
ȻȨⶫħ˵ססģλõˣ˵ǿһУĹ֮ˣ׷˭ҲλӣοһƽڵʱŹʢ˽гһְʱǱȽϵĻڵг϶ҲӵԼȨ
ѰȨĿ϶˽඼ҶƽˣĸΪֳȴȻλ֪ôģҶƽƺûע⵽еЩ֡
ҪĸոĸյľٶҶƽһֲѺõľٶȶӰ쵽ҶƽĹϵȥĸգĸΪһǱ˷ˡ
һƽ岻ʱĸȴְˣĸΪְֳλǳҪʱͻȻְôҶƽ˳ưˣ϶ҪҶƽʶˣǲһ϶ҲҪΪҶƽأԼûпռˣϾֹܵĹ
ڰ칫棬ĸմְ߽ʱ򣬸һƽһʱûдԼĶ棬һġ
֪ĸմʱľǸһƽܰ⻰˵ǿ˿ĸպеصڲֵĹǲģʱͻȻְⲻΪ˵ǰ¸ҶǣǲҶǰ㰡̫˻ˣһҪȫֶ𣿡
һƽٴغĸôһ˵ĸͻȻеһƽҶƽǰ˳ǰ˳Ļְ£һƽ˵Ǹ߻ǲҶƽҶƽõĻӦǺԥظߣǻ˵ʲô治ߡ
һ룬ĸոоϣڽץסһƽĻһƽܱܲסȻҶƽʵǿǸһƽгҲʵģܵõ֧֣شְˡ
гҵȻҪȫֵģۺϿһְĸٴ̽һ¸һƽ
һƽЦЦĸյۺϿǣҲҪۺϿǣۺϿǾǵβֳһְãֻҪһλӾһ飬ʲôֱӸһ㱨ûʲô˵£Ҫʲô뷨ҵģȥɡ
һƽĸսĿĵȻסĸյģĸ֮󣬸оһ񣬾ϣˣܾôְˣ͸ڸһƽβֳ
ĸշ˴ְ뷨Դ˰ѸһƽԼĶˣһƽھ֮£ĸգˮƽҲǷǳĸߣĸ֮󣬲ûаҶƽʱ𽥻ʵ֮⣬Ҫ˵㡣
ҶƽĸȥҸһƽְȻ֪֮ԳٳûжĸգΪĸոˣĸڶΥͰûܵǣĸմһˮƽ¼ΪȻ˵ڶ棬ҸС˵±ȽϽһûȥڹ
ͬʱҶƽʱû뵽ֳѡͬʱҲĸռβֳʾûд켺Ȼ˻ΪڰѶ˸ȫˣĸΪı־Ʋһ㡣
ξôĸӣһĸոеԼĵλ᧿ΣְʵҶƽȴûгְ˼ȴ¸һƽʹֶΣĸٴߴ˷һƽĹϵ
ǲϷ仯ģһʱһʱпܾҶƽĿΪĸռڲֳλϣڹһƽϵܣͬʱϵҲ
ĹȲƽ𣬿︺𣬸һƽͷʵͦʼɵģΪĹʵ̫ΪгӦȨȥ飬ҶƽԸȥֵĻҶƽĲҶƽ֧֣Ҳ֡
ö˹гʾҪḶ́һƽԼЩЦֱȥЩ֮ǸеƣΪгȻܾ飬ǰô
Ȼ˵Ҷƽ⣬ǸһƽηֻǸǣ֣ȻҶƽ֧֣ôŹ
ĹҪĶ֧֣ҪͳЭһЩӦϣϣһƽΪгȻԸΪ֣飬ΣǲǣԼȥЭԼҪĹȫȨ˲֡
ϿǸһƽȨأʵǶĲҲǾһ˼ԸܣǾͲܣΪʾģԸܣԼټԱᣬЭ
ԭֵίǣԼټԱҲټģֱ֪ͨйְܲŹᣬЭĽ蹤
Щְܲŵĸ˽ӵ֪ͨ룬һˣǲܲһĹǳҪһ棬ҲʵҶƽĹϵҪǲȥһ㱨Ҷƽˡ


1047 һƽĶ
ټְܲŸ˿ᣬ൱ƹȡְܣһ˵ֻӦټǣгټгټټҿᣬ֪ͨһгλᣬֱӾͰгȨˡ
˵һƽμԣڻһǿȷָӣøĹһ뵽ҶƽȫȨ£ȡõĳɼҲ棬Ϊվ̨αֶһ٣ȥԵԼĹûȡͬʱҲҶƽ֪ûȨ˼
һƽ뷨Ҫ˵뷨ҲûдϾǲƽģﲻƽ⣬ȻᵼĸӻûʲôĽᣬӦصãϵ̬ȡ
Ҫһ㣬һƽȱأŹʢ˽һְоͱֳˣȻгˣǱʻǲģȻ֪Լ޷Ҷƽп⣬ǰиС뷨Ǵڵġ
ټԱᣬĽ蹤ҶƽȨûиеʲôףȻһƽ룬ǾͲˡ
ĸΪֳҲμĹЭᣬ֪һƽĻǳǸһƽ޿κΣҪȡøһƽΣôͱվڸһƽǱߣһá
ĸڿ֮󣬾ȥһƽ㱨һƽԼ㱨Ȼʮֵ⣬Щûй㱨ˣǲˡ
֮󣬱㿪ʼԸЩ˰ջ鶨µҪùżѹɣҶƽĳɼ²䣬ͻݺݵһЩְܲŵĸ˵ʮֵһƽûô¡
һһƽǹʱǾܵϣȴ취Ȱŵɣһһƽûо쵽ʱһͷ⣬治ǲȻŭ
칫ҵ˰ûаҪɹȫеԼİ칫ңݺݵһ٣֮Щְܲŵĸ˻ȥԺ˼飬оһ¸ô죬һƽ££Ƿ¸ô죿
һƽгһ֣ģҪȥ϶ҪܵζǷǳõģ˭ҲܵǰոһƽҪȥˣҪܾûȥˣĻҲǲˡ
ĵλûиһƽĸߣֻ֣ȴһǸܺӣΪĹǳҪҶƽר£ǲҪȥɲô϶ҪҶƽҶƽίǣҶƽܵûкúøɹͲһˡ
һƽȻ˼ɵǣҶƽȴǿժͷϵñӣأһĿȻûһɵϣ֪ϵڴ״֮£ô˵Ҳ֪ˡ
ˣһƽͷ֣Щ֮󣬳˸ӦһºӦûӦǸôô
һ֪һƽŭˣЩ˲гĻ£ֱȥôУ
һƽıǳԸ⵱һûʵȨгΪǳĴҶƽЩְܲŵĸΨ֮ǴӣôгȫͿԵһˡ
ҪʾһԼ֪ȨεؿҶƽϣûϵĻȨЩһٱ飬ֻҪҶƽΪû⣬Ƕ˵ģҲЩְܲŵĸ˲ĻµҪԭ
Ȼһƽ޷ͨȥ˭ְˣеͷˣôʾԼأ
һƽ⣬ȥ뵽һ⣬ҪĸյϣֻҪͦ飬˹ƾͻ˼Ĵˡ
ҪػǮȻҪֵϣĸͬʱҲμĹЭᣬĸһƽ֮󣬱ǿʼˡ
ԱȥҪǮ裬ǵ˲֮ǰȥҪǮȴǱ֪ǰţҪԼǮǮҪһȲ֧ҪʽƣûǮܻ
һ֪ǰҪǮ˵ʱͻˣʾǵָʾǮõǽȥ
ԱȻ飬ϱĸգĸսӵԺ󣬱Цһ£ҪǮ˵İ칫һˡ
ҪǮȻĸյİ칫ңĸյİ칫֮Ȼĸա
ĸտ˿ǣЦһǮûигǩ֣ûǮġ
ҪǮһ˵ǰǶǮģǩ־ǿԡ
ĸյصǰԣڲˣгʾڲţǮҪͬ⣬ǲҰǮ֧ǣҪǮȥҸгǩ֡
ĸհ⻰һ˵ҪǮ̴סˣʲô˼鷢仯ˣǲֲԸǸһƽˣһƽ飬ҲûвĽ裬ôͻȻɣ
ǹǮòǮǲý˵Ҫгǩ֣ҲҪȵһأǻȥǻ㱨ٽҪǮ˾ʾ
һۣĸճ˵һһص飬һؾ͵ñô죬ǲֲԸǣʵǸгǲҲӡ
ĸڰѸһƽĻʥּˣҪǮ˸еʲô⣬ĸյ˵޷ǿĸôϾǹ£ǾĸճҲûãȻĸղԸôǾͻȥˡ
ҪǮŤͷ뿪ĸյİ칫ңȻ棬ӵ֮󣬵ȻҲʮ־֪ĸյ⻹Ǹһƽ⡣
һ룬绰ĸô£ΪʲôͻȻĸһӵĵ绰Ȼǫĺܣæһ£ʾһƽָʾǲ
һƽͻȻ飬еĪʽǱҪϵģڸһƽԸֲ֧ʽίľŸɣĸȴظһƽֱӾܾ֧ķԲΪ֮һƽܿʲô뷨ˡ
ʶ⣬һƽΪгӦ֧Ľ裬ȴϯصĻ飬ְָʹĸվ֧ܲйصĿҪһЩˡ


1048 һƽ̸
еʲô£ֱ֮˸һƽİ칫ô¡
һƽڷڣ΢Цһ£òڣǰгĸǱ߳˵£Ǯ֧ʾ
Ҳǿһ£һƽһ֪ô£˵⻰ǺһЦҪ֧ʲôǮ
һش𣬱֪һƽȷָʾˣ˵Ȼӣ˵ڸһƽһƽ뷨
Ŀ֧һֱģ֧ҲһֱǱȽ˳ĸͻȻ֧˵Ǹгָʾ֪û£һʡƽ˵
һƽ̧ۿҲǾصûָʾָʾҪԼеģȻǾôУǲҲôԣԼһ㻨ӦģһǮ
ôһǮأгĸǲǲԣôǿµÿֳǷϸ񣡡
Ŀ׼ĸգ̽һƽĵʵһĸպϸ񲻺ϸ飬һƽȻǷǳˣҲǳ˺Ƥֻ˵ĸҵָʾģô˵ϸǣ˵⻰Щ̫˰ɣ
û̫Ѹһƽһƽ˵ϣʱҲǲصϲϣ˵˶㣬ҶڣҪҶǣһĸյ׺ϸ񲻺ϸûϣ
ڸһƽǰһҶƽЩŭ˸һƽһƽ˵Ҷǲ飬ĸҵָʾ£ʹҲ϶ϸǣҪʵǲС
̽оһƽĸշǳ֧֣ĸѸһƽʥּ˿ߵһˡ
гûбҪ⣬¸ĸգ֧Ǯٺ飬Ҫ
һƽоԼĿҲѾﵽ˵ȻȥҰĸսһô£ٸ𸴣ᵢǮġ
һƽӦ飬˵ʲôת͸ˣ֮󣬸һƽĸս˹İ칫ʱЦ
һһͣΪĿľΪʾһƽȨЩ˲Ļ£ôھʾǿĸհִߵĽɫòҪ
һЩְܲŵĸ֪֮󣬱ȻҪѣûָʾЩǲڣǺǿӲشڡ
һƽҪﵽľĿģĿʱҲﲻ⣬ҪﵽһĿģΪһ㣬ĸձ㱩¶˳ñסĸղС
ȥԺ˼ǰȥܾòԾȥҶƽ㱨飬ĸһƽƺʲô֣ҶƽĻá
Ҷƽİ칫ңһҶƽҶƽ˱棬Ҷƽ̧ͷ飬úϸ
ĸյ̬Ⱥܲã֮Ҷƽһ䡣
˵̬ȲôȻһǽнͣƵ˸һƽϣһƽԽԼΪɣ飬Ȼ˵Ҫûʲô⣬ʱҪԼô򵥡
Ҷƽ˵ͷĸնģԼڴֿûж㣬ԺĹͲÿչˣҪȥǲμ뵳У߼ɲѵ࣬ѵʱǰ꣬뿪󣬸һƽĸնȥΪû޷дˡ
ͷһ룬ôãȻӰ쵽ĹҲҪһƽ̸飬Ҫʲô£ԼֱԼܸСƻĹ
һ룬ҶƽûҪĸգ˵ǣȲҪż£Һ͸г˵һ˵ڼҪȥѧϰ»֣һҪŽᡣ
ҶƽҪȥѧϰʵҶǣʲôʱȥѧϰѧ೤ʱ䣿
ҶƽͰ˴뵳Уһ߼ɲѵ࣬鲿ʡί֯ȥѧϰȻΪʡ󱸸ɲģ˴˴ѵʮҪģҪûʱˣ֮ǰҪѼá
ҶƽĻ֮ҲǸеԼļϵηǳأҶƽȥѧϰӣҶƽ϶ҪŸ
Ҷƽ˵껰֮󣬱ð칫Ҵ绰һƽøһƽһˣһƽһӵίĵ绰һ룬пĸգ˶Բ֮ίԺҶƽİ칫ҡ
һƽ֮Ҷƽܿкһ£Ȼһһ𣬿˸һƽһ˵һƽгй̸һ飬㿴˶飬˴Ŀİⴺ£־ƽ˼ŹʢǱ˫ˣ˵뵣˽гˣǸ⣿ǵĵԽԽϣ˭˴󣬶ܵ׷һҶҪΪ䣬ʱҪ־Ѳǡ
ҶƽͻȻ̸飬һƽ²ԭ򣬲ҶƽᵽЩ飬пھôĸɲʵĻҲп䵽³ڹ⾯
һƽоԭҶƽûֱӺ˵飬˵ȻȻٺø̸
һ룬һƽҶ˵ǣЩӵ͹˴󣬿϶ҪܵʹģǶҪΪ䡣
һƽ˳Ļ˵ҵ㣬Ҷƽ֪źܴţƺӦԵºܻܿԼ
г֪Ϊʲô𣿡Ҷƽһ䡣
һƽû뵽Ҷƽ鲻һ˵ΪǷҪ󣬲ɼ˴·˰ɣ
Ҷƽг˵ûǾ̫ԴΪԼǣǲ˴ĵ·ĸһһҪˣȻ᷸ʲôһҪǵ֣뿪ֽС֣ǿ϶ǷģҪѧϰȥˣҪһЩϣס֣ί幤𣬰ѸãⷽһҪʡί档
Ҷƽĺĸ˳һƽȻһвܵ𶯣Ҷƽڰʾûйȫ֣ҪԴΪأҶƽҪȥѧϰҪڼֹҶƽ֮ǰ밲ٺü£̸ġ


1049 Ա
һƽҶƽĻ֪֮ҶƽҹĿģһ룬Ҷƽ˵ֻо棬ûĿģȻûбҪҶƽʲô϶ʾҶǣȫеĴ־ĽǵĽ裬ǵʹְɣҶǷģһȫȥЩġ
Ҷƽ黹ǵĽ֣֮ʲôѿһ㱨֮ҪЭȫеĹãҴ˴ȻȥѧϰǼһҪעϾ˽ôһ̯ӣҲȫ뿪˵ǲǣ
һƽͷҶ˵ǣȫͬҶҶȥѧϰڼ䣬ҽҶķԸãģͬʱҲŽ쵼ӳԱѸã˽ڵĻȽϺãȻ˶ⴺ£˽еķչһԽԽãȡԽϽϣġ
ľͷԣҶƽʵ־õһԽǵʹίʹɣǽʷ겻ɣֻ½ίɣϣίܶԵǵʷʹ
ҶƽأڸһƽǰԼΪһؼеίǣ۽ԲپһСķΧ˽е˿ڴﵽǧ֮ޣһеȹҵĹģˣһؼеһ֣൱ͳûһʷθеĻǿ϶ǲеġ
ԵλãҪԼʶĶλһҪǳԶһҪʷĽǶЩ⣬ûʶôֻܻһӹӹµµߣһߣֻӵʷʶʶԼʩĿ꣬Լʷλ
ҶƽĻøһƽȻʵĴ鲢࣬һֱʡίڼֻǹҹְΪʡίͷΣûʲôκεľƣʡί֮󣬱ӵ˺󱸸ɲƣԲô˽ег
ڴ鷽棬ҶƽûȣҶƽЩ飬ɻĹϾʵʹûҶƽ࣬ԭĹƫ飬ҶƽЩ͸еԼҲһʷθеˡ
һƽ黹ǱȽģҶƽеĿѴﵽűһƽ˵ϸߣĸյְҪһ£ȥũҵֵξֳũҵֵȥβֳԵһ¡
ҶƽͻȻ͸һƽ˵飬øһƽ⧲æ˵ĹǿԵģβֳʱ䲻
ҶƽĪؿһ˵ڱҪӰ죬ԶˮְֳҲҪһĸȥũҵֵξֳӦչˣʯԭڲָɹڵȥٵβֳǱȽʺϵģĸղûжٲ飬ʱҲǳڶҪεĲֳҪ
ҶƽһҪ󣬸һƽһסˣ̸˰죬ʵ⣬ĸյְøҶƽҪǿӲԣؽҶƽͻõκκôסĸա
ǴӦĸҪģҶƽҪһӾͶˣĸ
Ҷǣҷֹܲڲֳѡܲһƽһ룬Ҫ
˵⻰Ҷƽһۣ˵ǵڵȨֹȷģλӾҪΣһλˣҲǣϣʵ
Ҷƽļ仰øһƽףҶƽΪίǣȨȨǲύеģӵȨȵί˵
ҶƽȨĻᣬȻֹܲһžӵвֳȨȨԶίǵС
ҶƽĻһƽһĬӣҶƽ˵ȥѧϰҽʡίίʡίλӳģܾϺ˽зչˣʡְҲٻ㿼һ°ɣ
Ҷƽٺ˵ʲôɴϵøһƽԼĴίǣҪһУʵⲻ˵ԵΪڱҪ˽еķչͻƫĹȨɢʲô¶ɡ
ʹʱ˲ôһƽʵ᲻ϵǿͬԼһôһƽͻŰ·ȥߣôͻγί֮ķ֮ͥƣ¾߻ûЧʣίУԲó
ҶƽǿҪ󣬸һƽҶƽǲսģֽ׶ˣҶƽӵʱȡԼȨвͨģΪҶƽǶ⣬ҲҶƽ
ֻзҶƽ쵼ˣһƽ̾һȻʾҶģҶôţôӡ
˱̬Ҷƽŷ˵ʶͺãҪǺ̸ЩֻҪŽһ£˽һܷչǹͬʹ
һƽͷʾͬ⣬ȻҶƽһ⣬뿪Ҷƽİ칫ҡ
Ÿһƽ뿪˰칫ңҶƽȻһԼշ˸һƽģֻϣԾʶ⣬Ҫʲô϶Ҫȥѧϰ̹ԣ˵ף¸һƽȻŰһЩС³һЩ⣬䵽ʱֱ˵ذ˵ףշ
һƽĸ£ĸһĸյĲֳˣȵ뿪Ժ˻һһЩСھ޷ʱд
һ޷̵飬ھͷֹ£ĸոøһƽĸ֮ϵ
͸һƽ̸֮ҶƽͰ֯ǿ˹ǿܵ֯ȫƼԭǿϵȽУڵȻҪġ
ǿ֮ҶƽԼõԱ׼˼֯ϵĳ׼
ǿû˵ʾͬ⣬ȻҶƽһЩҪ󣬽ŻȥԺټͷᣬóĸԶְĽ飬ڶǼ˶ǽƽԲҪп죬ֻһ飬Ȼύίоˡ
ĸҪũҵ֣ԶֱӸпЭȥְˮҲһ֣ԶˮֳǷǳģڱðˣЭȥθְɡ


1050 ȥѧϰ
ĸյ֪ԼְʱסˣȻ֪һƽһͼսҶƽľٶвõĽû뵽ô죬һƽȸûиίٿũҵֳֵˡ
ũҵֳҲǲϾҲһ֣ȻԵñȲˣִλãĸλðͽϵǮͲô˳زλͷϣԲֳһǳҪλá
ӲֳũҵֳһʧƵľٶĸܵҶƽĿ־壬һֶȨĿ־壬ֿ־޷ѣֻзӡ
ʵܵũҵֳѾǲˣҶƽҲڿιԼİ칫εķϣԸ̫ѿһĵλְܵѹ
ҶƽѾһƽ˵ףѧϰίҶƽ֦޷ܾȻҶƽһ⣬ָһ棬޷ȥսҶƽ
һССĳͻĸպԶĵһƽܣҶƽʤʵֽò£ֽ׶ΣûսҶƽʵҶƽҲսĻᣬȨһʣôͲһϸ
ź֮ʡί֪֯ͨȥǲμѧϰһμѧϰĻˣһϽгٲһʡί֯񸱲档
ʡί֯·ټʡǣ׼һȥѧϰҶƽӵ֪ͨȻʡίʾ˽еĹ⣬ʡίͬ⣬˽ίʱɸһƽ֣ίճشɸһƽټίоͬʱҪѳίоҪҶƽл㱨
ҶƽȻڼңǼҪգһҪ󣬰źЩ֮Ҷƽȥʡǡ
ʡ֮Ҷƽʡί֯ȥ棬Ĺϵһֱò˴һȥѧϰ˵潫ҲõãҪ֪Ǹ߼ɲһѵ࣬ҪѵϸɲģͬʱҲṩһЩʡ󱸸ɲμѧϰܽθ߼ɲѵɲ϶ʡĿܡ
ʡί֯񸱲ɲΪ񸱲ȻʵȨԵҪӳ񸱲ֱʡĻûУҪٽһֻתְ
ҶƽڵʵθʡѾʸˣѾתμְˣһ˵ҪʡɲҪλϸɹҪҶƽѾˡ
ʡί֯ȥѧϰȻӦģٲѾǸʡɲֻϽгûнʡȨ࣬ͬҪμѧϰȻ뷨ٽһʡίίУ˺иķչ
Ҷƽİ칫̸˰죬ʱٲûٲƽʱļӣȥǲҶƽһСʱ֮
ٲֱ֮ȥ··󿴵󣬱һ绰Ҷƽ˹ȥ
ٲҶƽ鵭ûôϷ˽ջ𣬾Ȼְ취Ըҿβɳ֣ϳ˽С
ٲ֮Ҳǲ䲻ȣ˸Ƶģ˵˾ǳС
ٲ֮󣬺֣ܿٲȻҲǻ֮·󿴵˵֮󣬱֪ͨ֯칫׼׼ȥǡ
Ҷƽͷһε뵳УμѵˣǴ˴ѵϴβͬһĵλͣίѵ࣬һǸ߼ɲѵ࣬һˡ
ֱɾǣ·һȥǣҪҶƽһȥҪȥ鲿Щ飬鲿˴λ鲿һЩ顣
˾֮·ǵ׼ȥ鲿ˣʣҶƽٲˣҶƽȥ˽פ´½ţȻؾҲǻؼˣǳҪ´Ǳš
ҶƽҪȥ´ٲҪȥϽפ´أȻʡί칫ˣΪ֯񸱲ȨǳĴʡפ´˿϶Ҫдȥʡפ´
˶Լŵ㣬ٵˣﶼдԼһȥ뵳Уȥ굽֮󣬾пס뵳Уˡ
˷ֺҶƽ˽פ´פ´νȫһʮҵӣɫܺڣϻһЩ۴̸񣬿ȥ˺׺ݣҺɫ
ҶƽǣûдٲҲûдҪǿǵ·һȥǣҪǾͲˣ·Ҳûд
ûд飬ȻҪԼΪҶƽóֻȫһ绰ٲ˵ȻҲҪð´ǡ
ȫߴŮԱһһ㣬һһ㣬ȥǳòرǸúˮ飬һ˫۾ˮģܹ˵ĻǣǸһŮˣȥȽϸҶƽʵһŮһأǰ´ĸΣֽǸһŮԱͷһμ
ҶǣôûǰҴ绰ҺǰȫҶƽǵͷص
һۣҶƽʱȥǶ߰ɡ
ҶƽԴȫıܵĮ֪ȫǰԼίǵϣΪȫЩϲȫ´λǶŵģⱻҶƽûжԶھǵȫʲôΪ´ɫһܻĽɫھǴˣȻ뾩ǵĸʿϵˣȻʡ
ԣҶƽûжȫôǻҪ´½ţҶƽȻһ΢ЦΪ´ĸΣҲǸɲˣҶƽ֪Ҳһ棬ǶҲ˽ⲻ˴ǰȻϣҶƽʶʶ
ŮԱҶƽ󣬵ȻҲ΢ЦǰȽϱʮ˵ȫӭרŴŮԱ֪ʲô⡣
ҶƽһЩŮԱæðҲǰҶƽȫʲôҲûá
磬áһүǲԼöŮͬ־ãҶƽ˵һȫѶ
ȫͷ˺磬ʲôԼϣҶƽһƢҲûУæŮԱн°ŮԱã
ʱҶƽԸõģ϶ǲеģȫ˵һŮԱŷָһ֣㼱æǰ棬Ҷƽţ˾ʦ͹óҶƽϳˡ


1051 פ´
֮Ҷƽ˽פ´˽פ´ǶĲС¥ñ˵ķӣȻ濴ȽͨȴǱȽݻ
˳֮Ҷƽ˽ȥԱŶӻӭȫרİţֳĹŬҶƽһײϲЩԱŶӻӭüͷһ壬һǵҲڻӭ̫˼ɫԱ¶Цݣһһǽ֡
ЩԱǿȻǷǳĸˣ֣֣Ҷƽ߽һӣרдĵطҶƽˣȫȻҪŵ
Ҷƽ߽֮ȫ̰˸ˮ裬ҶƽŮԱˮȫԱ˵С÷Ҷǵķˡ
һȫƺΪС÷ҶƽﲻһС÷Ҷƽ̧ͷһۣȫ׽ˣרŰŮṤԱɵҶƽߣģҪ֪ҶƽίǣźǳҪȻ˵ĳԺҪչ˺ãܰƯŮҲܸҶƽҶƽĹϵͻ᲻һˡ
ȻҲһɫŮˣǱϾһ㣬ҶƽܲϲڰһĹ˵Ҷƽϲˡ
ڿҶƽС÷עģĻǾͺˣ˵Ʋ߻ɹԺǿɾҶƽˡ
ҶǣҪϢһ£һ緹ȫҶƽһ䡣
ҶƽеԼЩۣ˵ðɣȥϢһ£ȳԷʱ䵽˹ҡ
ȫ̴ӦҶƽ߽һϢӣ߽ȥԺǸС÷ˮָͽȥȥ֮Ҷƽе棬һ÷
ŮԱҽ÷á
һ÷ãҶƽʶһ÷ãȻʶһ÷ãھȻʶһ÷ãֱ÷Եʶ÷ʱ뵳Уѧϰʶ÷ΪСڵȻʶһ÷á
÷ã˰Ҷƽһ䡣
÷˵ҼǰʡģھϵĴѧӦƸĹ
һǰʡģҶƽʵǰʡˣ
÷õǰʡˣҶ֪Ǹط𣿡
ҶƽûгһСǰʧ̬ƽһ˵Ƕˣسǵģ
÷õǲģũġ
Ҷƽ˫ۣ벻ôɰɣȻԼϼҵˣһɵ̫˰ɣ
Ҷƽ÷һۣȴûиԼҲǲˣȥãһ룬˵㵽´೤ʱˣ
÷õһˣ´չ˵ҡ
Ҷƽ˵
÷õ˵ͷҶƽ˿˵´ĹǷԵĹӦӦ
Ҷƽ÷øеѻش˵Ӧôٱ˵ķգ˵Ӧôǰλ쵼᲻б뷨أл쵼ȫڰ´Եʣ˵ӦˣͲˡ
÷˵ѾӦˣտʼʱ򲻴Ӧ
ҶƽһŮӣһǴѧҵ˼Ҷ˲赹ˮǲЩˣ
÷û뵽Ҷƽ˵æ˵ûиеţΪҿԽӴܶҶˡ
÷õĻҶƽе˵ҲеۿСԼһС磬ͷǲЯ֮⣬ַԵĹȷʵǲãСﳤòѧȥһЩĹӵʺ
ǴʱҶƽܺ˵飬һǶ˵С÷ҪϢˣȥɡ
˿Ҷƽ÷ҧ촽ͻȻ˵ҶǣҪҪ󣬿Ҷõġ
Ҷƽ̧ͷһۣ˵ûʲôҪˣȥҲϢɣûʲôˡ
Ҷƽһ˵÷õɫ糺죬Ҷƽеǳ֣Сﻹ߰÷õԸȫһ
÷ú˳ȥ˳ȥͷǸоеֵֹģܸо÷øղŵĻлȫڸʲôרŰһƯŮѧźԼѵͼı
ڹٳˣıҶƽӴĶˣԷǳУһЩ˺£ò򻵵ķȥǣͻűˣ˱˵ĵȫǶˣ˿е֮ûлΪϵĿǣڱԼСԼɾͲܹıõ
Ҳû֤ݾ˵ȫҪʲôΪЩеɣһ룬ҶƽȻûϢã顣
פİ´ȻҲдʵһҵʵĵλ´൱ʡֱĹҵһķʣһķܣȫӮΪĿĵҵ
ҪְǷǵĸɲȺڣȻɲҪģȺڳرİţ´϶ǲܵģҪ÷⣬ҪעҲίھҪλйϵЭ̡
ְܱȽ϶࣬ȻܽǾ棬ҲܲǾ棬´תʽܲȫĻάֲ˶õģΪÿ껨ʽ̫󣬶ûϣ԰´ʵ壬Լʵ徭ã羭Ӫݷ꣬ҵƷֻҪ׬ǮĵطһҪȥ׬ܸزʲôģǸǻ׬ܶǮ
Ҷƽһ뵽Щ£Ǿð´ȻһӣƾֲƵĵطҲܸ̫ңҲù淶Ӱ´ְܣܵɵط쵼ھйȫ´λ˼·ֺ쵼ΪĿģеǳ⡣
Ұ´ʵ徭øòУ´תʽĴԵ쵼ˣǱ뷨һЩǮ
ҶƽڵгڼѾţֻǵʱȫܶã޷ȥעˡ
Ҷƽôһ룬еǰûйעİ´ڻҪúõعעһˣ´αʮεˣʲôϢһʱ֪ͨʹⷽҲһõģñ
ȥҶƽͻȻ֮ʶˣ´βΪԼãô´ڵþֲ˽ҪǣҪʣҪԽϽУһõĴڣ˽иոİ´Ҫãôھǵİ´Ӧֳˡ
Ҷƽ飬ʹھѧϰڼ䣬ҲҪ뷨ȫ´θˣһģΪԼõְ


1052 ƽԶ
ԷʱȫȻ÷ú˶йˣһԷȻ̸²ÿοҶƽлǲɵһ˵ûиоǿ϶Ǽٵġ
ֻСһ㣬ŮζʱҶƽȻ˵ֳŮɫˣ۵ŮˣǷǳ͵ġ
÷ȻСɬȻˮ飬ṴˣǱϾСȫͬԼЩеģ˼ֱûʲôԭˣҾ˵ȫһɫˣеЩ
ԷʱȫԴҶƽһϹϾӣһ߳һҶƽŰ´ĹҶƽı棬Ȼκα̬ûУе֣Щġ
Ҷƽʱ֮Բб̬˵ɵòһҪǿһĹ϶ĹʽһʽĹΪĹЩ㣬ҪصץķĹʽеףȻǱϾ쵼ŬˣҲеЩģΨһĵ쵼ɶҲ˵κα̬
쵼¼ģҶƽ֮ûб̬˼ΪѾ׼ҪȫˣȻѾ˼ʲô̬
Ҷƽûб̬ȫͷǸе޷ҪҶƽôΪ쵼ı¼͸˼Ǿǻ¼˿ӣҶƽΪίǣ϶һԼ쵼⣬ҶƽҪĶ࣬кܶȺãֻҪȺþͿˡ
Ҷƽȴͷԣ˽ҶƽϲʲôҪʲôҶƽ׳쵼Ů˿϶ģԱҶƽ׼Ůˣڲ֪ûЧ÷ᣬ飬ŮһҪʺҶƽģֻҪеһҶƽһôеˡ
ȫһڲԹɫˣҶƽ÷˼Ͼ÷ᣬƯҶƽ÷ýϵͿͨ÷ãҶƽοĹϵ
ȲżҶƽҪѧϰ꣬ڼ÷еǻᣬȫɫҶƽӭ
˷Ҷƽһ˼ңȫҪ˰͵ҶƽֻṩһԼųؼң֪ļ
ҶƽԼųص˼ңƽѩ֪ҪѧϰڿžһˣҶƽȴǸҿûʱؼң˵뵳УڹĺϣϲѧԱؼңסѧУһؼҵĻ϶ǲеġ
ƽѩ˵ʲôϰֲСˣѵѧѧƵıҪѧУסޣЦİɣ
ҶƽЦɲǿʲôЦǵҪԽԽϣǲµĻ׼ײǹϣҿɲԸΪΥ͵ĵͣͱҷˡ
ҶƽĻƽѩɣ§ס˵ĩԻؼҰɣ
ҶƽһĩӦ԰ɣĩһ㡣
Ҷƽһ˵ƽѩЦתץסҶƽóʱûһˣһʱ֮伤䣬ʼ
ϣƽѩҶƽһȥƽԶҲкóʱƽԶûмˣƽԶƽѩһˣæкҶƽ¡
ƽԶڵྩίǣξίԱҲǸ쵼ˣһ볣ίģյĽȴǲôãΪҶһЩûڵطιְһֱھְԽ볣ίϾûҶƴ
֮£ƽԶ½пжྩίһְתȥȫ˴ְθίԱְ񣬲ȻξίԱְ
Լûܽ볣ίһ֪;ͷϣ󱲵еһõķչĿǰȻͰϣҶƽϡ
ҶľУã൱ҲǻȡҶ֧֣ҶƽҶһĹϵҶͬİ֮£Ҷƽ;һõķչ
Ҷƽ֮ƽԶ̸˽ĹҶƽ˽ڵһҪ˽һԽϽľôУɲĿ꣬Ͳ뿪˽
ҶƽģƽԶȻ͵ģ泬ԽˣĲ뿪˽ҪҶƽǰ̣
뵽ƽԶҶƽƽĿǺܺõģһҪкʵʣкʵʿ϶ǲеģҪԽϽǶʱɵ飬겻ɣͻܱˡ
Ҷƽȴ˵ֻҪǵܽãǾĳԽϽò˶೤ʱ䣬ǾܴﵽĿꡣ
ҶƽӣƽԶЦƽǲΪٲһȲŽĿģ볬Խٲ
ҶƽʱҲЦ֣Ҳһ˼ҲȫҲΪ˭Ŀ꣬ȷʵⷽء
ƽԶЦٲϽ˵βɸѹģжΪģϼҵĴ֮ȥǵһʧ󣬶ٲȻиɾй࣬ز̫ķչûбҪȻͻ˶
һ飬ҶƽٲЩԸ˷˵ʱȣһЩˣȻǸԸһѧϰǶҲôǣȻҲǲô
ƽԶ֮󣬹һЦڵǶˣ˺ãоŻεѧϰ϶ͼģѧУúѧϰһ£һ˵ֻ֪ȥͷ֪Լˮƽ˸߲㣬һǳҪһû˽˸߲㣬ǹһһ𺦣һҪעⷽ⡣
Ҷƽصص˵ͷƽԶ˵϶һĵãʵ˸߲㣬˵󣬵Ǹ˵ȴǿͬͨϵѧϰ߸˵Ӧ߲ʹ߲һЩ顣
֣һôţҶƽƽԶĵʱƽԶ
ƽԶҪˣҶϣһЩǿҲǷǳ͵ģֻҪڽ¸ľͲöʲôˣʵһһЩ󣬹ˣȻҲһӾȫˣҪһȵġ
Ҷƽ˵ͷоƽԶʵĽһǨƽԶλϣҲϾ˼ɵһЩۣƽԶˣûⷽˡ
ңȻƽԶˣҶλҶĹϵƽԶĹϵһһҶ֧־Ͳ˵ʲôֻҪڹóɫ˲ʲô


1053 
ҶƽƽԶһģ֪һЩйص飬ͬʱβһβɵƽԶȻҲ֪һ㣬Ȼֹ֯ǻ֪һ²
βɿҪ뿪ְίǣҽ֪֣˵ǵõһˣβְ˼άǰ˽ʡ֮Ǹɳ˲ٵĳɼڷ棬˲ٵ£ȻʡĹԱܶ࣬ӰΣβھûη涼ܵĸ߶ӡ
Ҷƽһⷴ飬Ц̸Ϊβɳ˲ٵԭΪβɣڿô£鲻Ҵţ²ñ¶ֻҪñ¶õǷǳġ
뵽β뿪˽ôڽͻʧȥβɵ֧ˣβɵԺ󣬹ʡίǣΪʡѾˣʡίǿ϶ܣ䵽ˣûˣ֪˭ʡίǡ
˵ڶ죬Ҷƽ뵳Убһ绰Լһȥӵĵ绰֮ͬʱ뵳Уſڣһ۾ͿʵĸǶһʯͷϡ
ʵǹķһֱܼʵǵԭ򣬺öǲ᷸ģؼһֱԭ򣬺öʽĶˣͰʵԭˡ
һҶƽѧϰʱ򣬲ûжʵĸһֺرĸܣһǰȴܣְλһЩĿԵʣҪ֪ڵίʱӰ쵽һأΪίǣӰĿȫУδСʣܲذ
бʱٲ٣Уѵͬ־ҶƽʱԵ÷ǳУȻ˵ǵУˣѵεĸ߼ԵĶǸ߲쵼ǲҵЩи飬˵Ժǰæ
ٲ֮һкȻһ˵еУԱǰס޵ĵطһÿ˷һͿѧУԷ
˵˴θ߼ɲѵʮֵϸ·֮꣬ǸǣǧҪѵУļɲ£εҪǳϣεѵǸ߼ɲѵ࣬ǰѧϰĸɲҲɲһʡ󱸸ɲ쵼رҪҪҪɣѧԱһѧУס뿪УȥԴȣһһҪͨ֯顣
·ҶƽʾҶƽо˴ѵͬԸ߼ɲҪԽԽϣҲִεҪ
Ǹ߼ɲѵ࣬УΪÿλѧԱ˵ᣬѾǲˣԭ밲һģһ룬Щ߼ɲȨˣסһȥãǷֿɣǰÿһᡣ
Ҷƽ滹ٲ˵ȥȰѷʰһ£˵ķţ֮סˣҪٿѵ࿪ʽҶƽţϢŰɡ
ҶƽϢٲһ˵֮󣬾ǳȥˣ֪ҪæʲôȥæģȻھǵ㣬ǰ˲٣ס
Ҷƽ˵ھûжѣھȦίǣֻ绰ǽӸͣȻǰߴңҪٸ绰ϾȥѧϰģȻв˸绰˼绰֮Ͱֻ˾ȻɵϢ
һɵϢҶƽͻȻоЩص˴ѧʱһĴϣδ㽣أٴѧᴲϵʱоԼƽˣʲôҲˣָоǳãܴӷӵĹгúõؾһѧУһʥأÿһ˾ȥѰԼ顣
ǵһµʱҲеԼСһίǣû˵ȨĻʲôأһͨ𣿾ѧʱֻԼûʲô˲ģһڵĶȻˡ
ȨһħȰ˭ħȣӵ˵ʯɽı죬жΧԼתһ죬λˣߵʧˣڲ˭ΧԼתҲ˭Զ׷ֻŰڵĹþͳɡ
ĴϣҶƽ˼һЩ飬ҲֻʱܾһЩ飬һæûʲôʱЩ顣
磬ҶƽһȥʳóԷȥٲʱûлûٽֱӾʳá
ʳŲٵˣθ߼ɲѵ߰ʮˣÿһʡʱʳԷ˻ǲٵģȻûйԷˣΪ涼з֣Ը԰ɡ
Ҷƽ󣬱һλ£ҶƽһµʱͻȻʡá
Ҷƽ̧ͷһԱߵһ˵˻ʶˣʶܣ֪¸ʡʡŰ飬θ߼ɲѵְߵˣ඼ǸʡĸɲΪʡҲǵѵ
ʡѵҶƽоԼң˵εѵȷʵܸ߼ѧٵĶˡ
ٲûԷ磬ҶƽȥţһȥμӿʽȻûˡ
һ˾ˣٲҲʵ̫ɢ˰ɣῪʽɣ뵽ʱĻԽʡӰ첻ã͸һ绰
ӵĵ绰֮ٲ͸ԼϵõǣҲֻòٹ
Ҷƽһ˿ʽֳʱѾˣһ˾һط
Ҷƽ֮Ա߾һµһŮԱ˴ѵŮԱǳ٣ƯŮԱ͸ˣߵŮԱȴǳ÷ǳƯ˵СһЩ
ºߵһģʶһ£μѵ಻ҪʶһЩԴ֮󣬻϶Ҫ໥ʶһ£ȽϺá
ҶƽȻҲ⣬ߵλŮԱʵλŮԱһҶƽҲע⵽ˣҶƽμѵҲᣬҶƽȻע⣬һҶƽ£תͷҶƽһۡ
Ҷƽֻžз飬Ƥǳİף֪һԱĻ׼ֻһͨŮˡ
ԼҶƽЦЦ¶һ˵ЦݣҶƽЦǷǳˣŮԱ󣬱ǲȻһЦЦøˡ


1054 ʽ
Ҷƽ˺ܿʣЦʵãҽҶƽﰡ
Ҷƽ̸ŮԱҲЦ˵ҽд޺÷ʡģǣ
һǰʡģҶƽʱеæʵڵְǣ
ʡίǣǣ޺÷ش
Ҷƽһ˵ڽʡ˽ְίǣ벻ǰʡģϼǰʡİˡ
˵Ҷƽǰʡˣ޺÷Ҳܸˣ˵Ҷƽε˽еίǣҲܾϾҶƽĸɲŸвŻ֣û뵽˼Ѿʵְίˡ
ǰʡʲôطģ޺÷Ҷƽ
Ҷƽ󣬾ʽ̸˵Ҷƽڹصιίǣ޺÷ǺܾȣоҶƽľҲ̫ḻˣѾǵιĸλˣڲֻʡίǣһ浱г
ţϯ̨ϿʼˣǸ߼ɲѵ࣬쵼ȻҪһλίԶͬ־Զͬ־鲿ͬһϯ̨Ҷƽʹ޺÷һҲǼæ
ȻҶƽƽԶĸ߼쵼ǴʱԶͬ־ҲǸеɵļڣǲһ
Զͬ־һŹ˺ܿߴһ֪һнǵˣҹƣҲǹȻһᣬô¡
鲿ֽĿʽ뵳УУɹԶͬ־εģĸУҲϯ̨ϣ鲿ڴҰ֮󣬱ֻ飬н
鲿Ҫ˴˴ο߼ɲѵҪ壬ָǵĸɲҪӦʱڵĸӦµĲͬսҪǿѵڸ߼쵼ɲҲҪǿѵߴˮƽֻǵĸɲӦµʱҪƽǵĹ
˴ѵҪôѧϰ֪ʶ⣬Ҫǿѧϰɣ˵УѧϰԭĵλжߣжôҪҪһѧԱ׼޹ʲμӿγѧϰ׼޹뿪ѧУ˽ҪıҪ򱨸棬ҪдҵϣΥѧϰɣ֯Žм¼Ӱ쵽ÿѧԱʹΣпȡĺ󱸸ɲݡ
鲿ڻص㽲˼ɵ⣬֮󣬱ôһӭԶͬ־һƬ֮УԶͬ־Ҫ
Զͬ־ӵУ֮չʾУΪ˲ٵĸɲʱڣΪ˴ĸɲôһ룬ڼʱҶԹæΪɶѧϰôʱ£ҸӦϧѧϰᣬڵУѧϰá
Զͬ־˵˵У֮ҪǿѧϰҪԣȻֽ˵ǰٵһЩսЩսǱսսж٣ֻҪб죬һսõ⣬ǽҪǿѧϰѵҪ塣
˹Զͬ־ĽҶƽо÷ǳãڵʱһֻŵʱһѧϰʱǿѧϰȻ飬ǺܶȻʶ⣬ǲûȥǿѧϰǶѧϰӦӦûѧϰ
е쵼ɲϷǳѧϰʿƾŪˣ浽жٺǲ֪ˣܶʱԼѧϰˮƽǻߡ
Զͬ־һСʱĻͬ쵼е쵼ǽ˼ҰԶͬ־һˣȻһСʱǲûһôȥĻȵʱ򣬴һеԥδķǳ̣ŲСʱӡ
Զͬ־֮⣬һվͣ鲿ͬ뿪ȵ뿪֮󣬵УĳУֻ飬ᡣ
УУǾǰѴ˴ѵһЩݸҽһ£ôף֪ôѧϰͬʱ˼ɣôغüɡ
Ҷƽ߼ǣȻǺúõѧϰһ£һ¸˵ı죬Ȼ˵˽ǱŲٵ飬ǻȰѧϰ˵
ѵʱҶƽҲûзٲһ뵽ˣٲǱȽϵţһţʽμӣУ沢ûᵽ˼١
ʽԺҶƽһᣬ޺÷·׷ûʲôҿԾһۣһ˵飬ҶƽЦУ˽أôȥۣ
޺÷ЦѧϰûʽʼأѵͲˣǹܵҲ̫˰ɣ
ǵһ쿪࣬ûʽʼѧϰҶƽ֪ҪҪʳóԷڴ޺÷ҪԼһԷЩԥ
Ա߿˵ҪѧУ٣԰ɣʽѧϰܾͻܵˡ
Ҷƽһ룬Ҳǣ˵ȥ٣һȥԣ˭
ԱЦЦ˵УҶʵȨɣȻˣ
ҶƽǺЦ˵ɷˣʵȨɲȨ
ʹ޺÷һʱЦ޺÷ֵȫ֦Ҳ
Ҷǣ˶ǵȨɣֻǸСˣ޺÷Ц֮ҲǴȤ˵
Ҷƽһ޺÷ʡίǣ쵼Сĸɲ˵Цһ±㵽ȥԡ
ȥ͵У˵һ֮ҶƽķȥԣʱҪõȫˣҶƽȫһ绰
һӵҶƽĵ绰֮ȫǼæ÷һˣ뵽ְˣҶƽһ޺÷ˣΪһ޺÷Ҷų÷ˣ޺÷һỳԼʲôˡ
Ȼ޺÷һȫרŴŮǳҶƽһۣ´רŮǲΪҶƽ׼ģ´Ҳ£Լ쵼˵ĿͣҲŮй
ֻôһ룬ŮѾˣ˭Ҳܶ˵ʲôȫ󣬵ͷҶƽҶƽһ룬һõķ꣬һԶٷ
ȫ̴绰ţȻҶƽԼ޺÷һȥԷһǼĴ󷹵꣬ȻַھǲʲôǼȻҪԷҲֻȥֵطˡ
󿴵Ҷƽ˵Ŀͣ͸оȫ÷ôͲʺϣҾȫҲʺϣȫҲûа취ֻøš
˷֮Ҷƽкʹ޺÷£ȫ÷ֻøˣҶƽ˿һ˼ȻˣҪãҲһʹ޺÷Ⱦơ


1055 С÷ĸ
кŴºҶƽλϣԴӵ쵼λӻ϶ģҲϰˣʹ޺÷ߣȫζ
֮ǰ޺÷֮䲢ʶʶˣȻҪ޺÷úúһ޺÷ȻŮͬ־ܵʡίǣҲ֮ͨһҲǺܺõġ
ҶƽкŴҺȾƣôһ߲εˣȵľƵȻǲľƣ˼ƿę́ȫϣ÷á
һҶƽкŴһȣ޺÷˾ЦӦȫǾ͸˵ˣһٱѾƺȥ
һ֮ҶƽȺʹ޺÷޺÷Ǽˣνƾͻ˼ȥɡ
޺÷ľȷʵУҲûڹٳϻ죬ԺҲǺܺˬһƲһ˶ǡ
ʱȫ㿪ʼȥľƣ֯ĸȻҲҪͽţ֮վȥƣȾǴ޺÷Ϊô޺÷Ŀˡ
Ҷƽ˲ƯҲзִ磬ȻŰȫ´θлûѡ⾭ĽӴ´˵ҪȫҪǿһЩ
Ȼ´κŮģҲû⣬ΰ´Σ˵˽չһİ
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1056 ѡ֧ί
֮Ҷƽʹ޺÷˲ŻصУᣬʵҶҵסҶƽǼֻصУסֻеһѧʱĸо
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쵼΢Ц˵˼ãһҶƽְҶƽǽ˳һǽʡ˽еίǣǾһû뵽ҶƽȻôһǿеίˡ
ҶƽԺ󣬱òҶ߿ȥȻ쵼濪ʼ⡣ٲŰ齻ţͻȻ֮Ҷƽվ⣬ҲǳһҿҶƽ˵ע⣬ҲûϵҶƽһӾͳ˰
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ٲ˰죬һ⣬ǱվҲǸ쵼˳ʵִľ÷չְܣһ⣬ΪԼгصע£ǵԺǸϹԺ鳤ȴҡҡͷ˵ⲻ콲εݣ쵼йְܵ£һٲʧ棬ٲ⣬˵û쵼Ǻֱӣǲٲûӡ
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У֮󣬱Ҫѡ֧ίͰίǳ쵼ҪУȷ֧ίһְ¸ʡʡŰ鵣Σ೤һְɹʡʡΣλ쵼ְߣǵΪãʱ֧ίͰίѡٲ
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ûҪѡʲô֧ίίģʲôҲûеѡϣҲûʲôźģҶƽܵѡϾͺܺˣܳԾǣٲȻҲѡˣְλ֯ίԱ


1057 ز
ٲҲ׼ѡ֯ίԱѡԱУҶƽƱߵģһҶƽٲǱǳ֧ίίԱˣУѡٽ
һУҪѧϰʱ֧ίҪһãð༶ѧϰͬʱרŵҶƽһ£ð༶ѧϰļɹҲѧУѧϰɡ
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ƽԺҸһЩܶԵίԱĳƺšҶƽһʱ޺÷ЦźҶƽ˵
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ҶƽĹȻǸüɹҵѧϰԼûаյУĹ涨ٲȻ֯ĹŰǸҷַֹʾѧУȻʱ֧ίˣôǾҪãΣͬ裬˭ҪҪá
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ҶƽһЦôţˣʶĶЩʲôٰ
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زг϶鸾ʵģôץ֤ݡ
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ز϶ǶԣֻʱȱʽûǻԼʽ𣬵ջأĿľ뽻鸾Уǿ϶Ҫȥҵص֤ݣҲ֤ݵĻ뷨ҡ
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1058 ϵҶ
زȻҶƽݣҶƽûشӦز飬زڰ´ˣѡԼҵһܺõ飬Ҫ㷿زһŪ˲ӣڳ˲ӱˡ
Ҷƽͷһ룬ĻȻܼ򵥣ƽԶྩίǣгǽزز˺ϻظǿջˣȻ󽻵Լ鸾Уǿ϶漰ܣǸгѾǸɲˣɲôöԸģʹƽԶҲ׽һгô
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Ҷƽ˵ʲôҶò׼ܸ˵Ǹг飬˵һЩұܵԭ˼Ҹгûдкôܴ򣿡
Ҷһ˵ȻǣҾͰһ´£еĻҽһ£һгţʲôţ
Ҷ˵ҶƽǺЦθ磬⻰˵Ҳţ
ҶҲЦǺǣǵĹ̫࣬Ҫ˵Եóǣھ˭Ҳ˭Ĺٴ󣬳ϽĹ٣۶
ҶƽЦθ磬ĹԱʲô˰
ҶιЦ㱾ʲôǰҪǵ֪ίԱҶΪ٣


1059 Լ
Ҷ˵˵ЦЦҶƽ˵꣬ҶδӦȥ˽һ飬ֻҪҶԸæͲزΣͻ⿪
˵֮˹ҶЦźһкԸԸ⵽Ĺ˾ȥɣʲô´ΣҶƽô
һҶοЦЦ˵ðҶǺҶܰţҶƽЦ˵θ磬ͲҪҵǽˣһҵ
ҶιһЦƱ˵Σپһơ
ʱѾ糺죬һȻѾǽʮˣƤȻеԣҷ˴ԼŮ
ҶȾƣҶӣ˵ţŮҲǿģֻŮǿ˲ܵ´ְλ
Ƴ극Ҷα˵ȥһᣬ衣
ҶºܸߣҶƽһۣ˵ȥš
Ҷƽһ룬ٳģǿҶºܸߣһҶΰæ£ǵ˵ͷȥˡ
ȥĵطһ˽˻Ҷξߣ֮󣬱һңҶƽҲԡ
˿ҶƽҶα˵γһ衣
ҶƽЦЦû˵Ͳһ𳪣ҶƽһҪһ绰˳ȥ
֮󣬱˵绰绰ǸŴģҶƽ֪ʱôԼ˵绰֮ͨʲô£űҪһ档
ҶƽһʱѾʮˣʱԼʲôأԼھѧϰʲô°űЦŸ֪ھǣھĸط
Ҷƽû뵽֪Լ˽˻ĵطžţһȥ
ϾҪԼҶƽһ룬оһʲôҪ˽˻ûٽ䣬Ҷιǿˣһ𳪸裬ɡ
аСʱžȻĽһˣһкĽóһʱҲûڿ͸һҲеЩ֡
֮󣬱һ˽ܵİҶƽ֪ʲô£űóһϵԣһ˵г±˵ã⻪ˣģרŽύϲʿǻʲôͼıӽ˽ǵĹԱȥֻύϲĵԱҪˣӴ쵼ҹ㣬һæ
Ҷƽһ˵ܰʲôæ
ŵίǣҪʶȻ֪̽һЩĵϸھͿӽʶھѧϰӦȤ
ҶƽһµڵУѧϰأʱȥӴҿɲ˰
ŵ㣬˵ǵӦԸͰԸǲǿΪѾίˣûôԼһô
һۣ뵽ŰԼٵæ⻰˵Щ˼ˣҶƽҪʱ䲻ʱĻҵȻҪæ˼Ȼǹͼıÿһ˶ν
ĽԱЦƽǻûкȥ飬ԵĻǺһΣ
ĽܴӦ£Ҷƽһ˵ðһӰţ۹ٵٴ󣬶Ϊҷûʲô
ҶƽˬشӦˣЦһûʲôΣյ飬ֻύϲ쵼ĿڲûʲôıǾͷ
ҶƽͷӦһ£˸һ۵ҲҪӽɣ
ŵҪӽʱȫϵġ
˰˵ˣҶƽû뵽뿪еóʱˣһˣǱͲˣίǣѧϰ࣬࣬оȥ£һͷǾܾˣôӦȥ¡
͸˵һỰҶƽ˵Ǳ߻пˣźĽȥȵʱϵ
صҶεǸ䣬ֻ˻ﳪţҶѾ§ڻˣҶƽһæҶεĻܳҶκǺһЦҶƽƽγһ
Ҷƽ£ȥ裬˵θ磬ʱ䲻ˣ߰ɣ
ҶƽҪߣҶȻδһ뻹ͬˣ˱뿪ԺҶƽһݽҶθͻȥȻһذ´Ϣؼҵģʱ̫Ͳؼˡ
Ҷƽֱӿһذ´ڸʻϣҶƽͻȻ˵Ҷǣǻذ´𣿡
Ҷƽذ´ȥ
ǻذ´ȫͿˣ֪ʲô룬ȥסɡ
תͷһۣҶƽȥݸʲôǰ´бݡ
ɫ糺죬Ҷƽһۣ˵Ҷǣ㿴ҳô
һ˵ҶƽҪ˼ˣһ˵Σ㳤úܺðղҶҲǿ㳤úÿ
Ц˵ĿⶼһģʵҸɣȫһɫǣ´ŮӣǱ
һ˵ҶƽŤͷʵΣ˵¿֤ݣ
»ʲô֤ݣ´涼ôкöΣһֱҶֶŵģǶҶˣңʵͷأֻΪҲɻȱûҲ治ת´
Ҷƽ飬Ǹ÷ô£
ҶǣǲǺܹ÷ã÷ȫеģĿңŮƷʻǲģû˳ȫ˼Ҷ뱣ȫĲڰ´ˡ
ĻҶƽе´ܴȫΪ´εȻҪкܴΣ˵δؾʵ飬Ͼڿ֮оϵˡ
һ룬Ҷƽ˵ǻذ´һҪȫһֻһԸѡ
ҵȫᴫȥ֪ˣҶӰ첻ãνҶҪע⡣
һ˵Ҷƽ࿴ۣ˵һȥݣ֪ˣˡ
Цһȥݣ˲֪ģҿԱܡ
ҶƽǺһЦ±ܵģΣɣҰ͵´ȻԼһȥסûʲôˡ
һʧصҶǣǲǿң


1060 ֪æ
˵ϣҶƽҲˣϵôܻϵϵˣôʾͷ˱仯Ժ϶ҪҪʲôְ
Ҷƽûд𻰣һҲ˵ˣų͵´֮ҶƽԼһ˾ͿˣȻһԼס¡
УĿμţҶƽΪίԱҪŴҵѧϰѧԱϤˣ޺÷ԽԽ죬罺ĵز
ٲΪ֯ίԱ֯һЩͬʱ֯⿼죬ƽʱûʲô飬޺÷ҲˣֻҶƽʮֵķæ
Ҷƽʮֵķæ޺÷ûȣٲЩЦоҶƽҪƵģͷǸǹھǷǳҶƽ
ٲǲ׼ʱϿΣһϣ뿪УڵУס˵ⶼΥѧϰɵ£Ҷƽžһ£ҾҲΪãõУ֪¶˿ǲá
ҶƽֱӾ棬Ÿٲ˵һȽҶƽĻǺٲ˵һٲȴǸᣬɲܵҶƽԼ
ҶƽԼһ룬ǲɫΥɵ¶Ȼ󱨸ѧУ񴦣һʱ䣬ѧУͨѧԱΥɵ£ٲǰ
ٲ֪ҶƽһûиΥɵ¸ˣЩ飬һˣϲء
Ҷƽְ𣬵ѧԱǷԼ֮ͨ󣬱ԾΥˣҶƽĹ£ѧԱǵѧϰɱúܺá
Ҷƽ÷ôһ绰ǹô÷ͻȻӵҶƽĵ绰ȻʮֵļϸûУȫûа
һȫûаţҶƽЩŭ˵ȫɫ죬ѵ÷ǹ̨
뵽Ҷƽ÷üǹҶ˵绰Ȼ֪ȥһ绰֪ýĹϵ˵ǹ˰æ÷ǹȥ
֪ӵĵ绰һ˾ǣϾҶƽ͸ڵУѧϰûпգһԶٷ
֪ЦԼϼ棬ϣ壬Ҷƽ뿪˵У˵У֮󣬱һ룬Ȼһ绰÷ô
ӵҶƽĵ绰ȻʮָˣоҶƽʮεˣ򲻻һֱӴ绰Ҷƽ÷Ҳ֪ʲô¡
÷øйȻԼȥ÷ò֪ʲô£ǸҶƽԼĵص㡣
ֻ֮ҶƽѾˣҶƽ÷æһҶǣҶƽ˵ͷȻǺ߽˷İ䡣
һ֪һҶƽǹЦ÷΢ЦվӭӣȻҶƽһ÷á
ϺҶƽҶƽԼһѣ֪ҶƽʲôϵǿȻǳֵܵӣ֪˹ϵǳ
÷ڵλͣȻۼ˭ǺСĵӣһǳ˵ӣ֪ע⵽ˡ
÷õ棬Ҷƽ֪÷õĸ質òܲܰ÷ǹ
һ÷Ҫǹ֪ϸҶƽû⣬ʶӵĴݣһƼ׼С
֪ҶƽЦŵ÷С磬ǵİ´ˣǹһˣҲǵĹ٣θ磬¾Ͱˣ
֪һЦû⣬ֻҪС÷ɤӺã³ɲǹֻһ֣ǹ뷨С÷װһ£ΪһߵĸҲû⡣
һ֪˵÷õ۾ﲻ˹⣬Ҫ֪ܳΪǣǿһ˲õ飬˵һ߸ˡ
һ֪ȻӵĴݣ˲ðҶƽʶˣҲǺ쵼˭ʶ
÷öȥ֪֪ǺһЦ÷úһȻҲվľƣһʱ֪֮ӦӲϾЦ
극ƣҶƽֱȥ裬֪֮һ÷õĸֻҪ÷õĸúܺãȻ͸ðˡ
˸֮Ҷƽ÷óһ׸÷һȻҲǲǳȻһڣ֪÷øһ£÷ù治ǹܹھġ
÷ó֪֮²÷úϳһףҶƽȻõغҶƽվһͷΪҶƽˣҶƽӵеȨ̫ˣһ𣬿ӵо޴ԴȨħЩɲԸССסȨջ󣬹ɲĻͶ
ʵҶƽֹϵ´ο϶ˣȻ֪Ҷƽ֮󣬿϶Ҫͽô˽еηᶸȻҪ֪ҶƽһҶƽӰӣܲ뷨ͽ
ֺôǱ˸ģֻҶƽԸͶҶƽĻĸԸֻҶƽڲԸֻҶƽǰˡ
ǰõģҶƽʵҲǾԲϵĹϵҪ֪ǹٳϵˣ˹ϵǿ϶ǲʵˣһҪס
˸裬Ҷƽ֪Իؼң÷ǻ˰´
ص´Ժȫ˻ȥȻ˵ʵ˵ȥˣոջ
ȫڸое㲻ΪҶƽһֱûϵȻ˵ҶƽסڵУҪİɣû⵽ʲô˼أ
Ҷƽ˼죬绰֯ǿһˣнǿӵҶƽĵ绰̴˽˹ǿΪˣȻҪҶƽģҶƽȻھѧϰɶԼĿơ
һƽĹܲԼʵϾҶƽ˽ڿлԼʵˡ
ҪԼʵҲô׵£ϾҶƽ֮ǰѺö鰲źˣֻǶһĿȨĿ֮ǰһֱҶƽڽֹҲô׾ܸ㶨ġ
ΨһԼʵĻᣬ뷨һЩҶƽϵһԱЩ˲ҶƽȥгԸ£ǣǿǵһƽпܽίǣպлˡ


1061 ´
ǿе֮ҶƽǿͷһƽȣҶܰշֹѹãġ
Ҷƽ˵ͷͺ̸´ӵ⣬ȫʺϼΰ´ε飬°һ´Ρ
ȫǿȻҲ˽⣬ȫԭǶˣҶƽҪҲǺҶƽ˭ȫ
ҶƽΣôǿһ룬ʾһŮͬ־Ƿʺϵΰ´Σ
ҶƽȻŮͬ־ǹȽܸɣҲǱȽϾλ԰´Ĺһܺõİÿһ£ύίо
ǿʵҶǣ㻹ȥֳίо𣿡
ҶƽҲȥˣһƽг֣ίͷתһ¡
ǿӦһҶƽ飬ǣһЩģʲô鼰ʱң
ǿͷҶƽ̸˰컰ǿȥǿȥԺ󣬱ҶƽĽһƽ˻㱨ٿίо顣
ǿĻ㱨һƽеﲻҶƽԶھǣȴֳίоµ˵ˣҶƽֳҲ̫һ㡣
µĻҶǻΪãֿ²ʺϰɣһƽǿ˵
ǿҶǵ˼˵гίٿίȻûҲزҶ˼
һƽʱЦȻҶҲżɣѧϰԺоҲһ
ǿЦҶ˵ˣǲհ첻ãΪ±Ƚϼȣ̰ðɣ
ǿ£һƽһ˵һŮҶôῴΰ´ΣЩְ
˻һƽ͵úܹŹ֣аָҶƽʲôϵ˼ǿôȥ⻰˵һŮǿˣھǶ꣬ҶΪʺϵΰ´ְ
һƽ̾һⲿ㿴ڵô࣬ʱֲʲô尡ɴֱ֯¸ˡ
һһƽ˵ǿ֪ˣҶƽˣӿɲУҶƽί˵ʵڵҲǶΣѲֲʲô뷨ˣ
ǿһۣƽ˵֯ûȨֱгֲʺϣֻܻ㱨ҶǣʱҶΪѣ
һƽһ룬ǿ˵ǣҶƽ֪ڵ϶ܲˣڻûжԿҶƽʵȻί쵼󲿷ҶƽˣҪɹͻΧܣղǿǰ¶Լļǿͬǿӽⲻһͽ͵飬ǿôܻ̫ͬˡ
Ǻðɣˣȥ׼Ǿٿίо⡣һƽӦһǿȥ׼
ǿӦһˣǿԺ󣬸һƽ淭ȥҶƽֻ飬ʵˣҶƽԶߣƺ޹ء
Ȼ֪Ҷƽ˼ֲòҶƽеƣһԭҶƽ⶷·ӣõҶƽ֮Ի⿹⣬̶ܴΪ뵱ʱļίǻҶƽ˲ٵβ뷨ʡίļί־׳ʵ
־ʡҲǴʡҶƽ־ûʲôԨԴ־
һƽ˼ǽ־ϵϵʱԼ־һԷ־ΪίǣǴʡίģһʼȻʮֵСģҲ֪Ҷƽ˽еĵλһҶƽġ
ڸһƽ־ȻôϵһƽϵҲӦţͬʱҶƽϵҲУҶƽΪһƽһˡ
ҶƽȻھǣ˽̫ĶյĺڸһƽԸֳίҲ֪ˣȻ֪ˣҲû̫øһƽĻ飬ǶԸһƽһѹȣֻҪһƽֻͬ飬ûԿԼĵʵͬʱҲˣ˽һҪġ
һԽʯҶƽʹһƽð˼죬γ˼άԣνѹεľ裬һûѹȣ˭ģ
ڸһƽͻȻ־ϵУҶƽȻʶһƽ׳ԼʵǿίϣԴˣȻᱣ־裬ͬʱΪ־ôɵһƽһǵǰġ
ⲻͬȻܶ⣬кܶβץ˽ʲôβץסʹ־Ҳûá
Ҷƽѧϰͬʱʱ̹ע鰴Ҫȥڸһƽ£ίͨ˶ȫⰸȫ˽Уר鳤Ϊ˽פ´ΣҰ鳤
ΪɲͻȻӵ֪ͨȫһʱɵۣû뵽ͷԼְˣ˵ҲǷǳСĵˣ쵼ǰ˳ô䵽³ѵΪǶ˵Եʣ
ȫһʱ֮е벻ͨҲ֪ôһ£쵼ҪҶƽҪǴӱϿƺΪǸһƽֵĳίᣬҲ֪ȨҶƽϣûҶƽĵͷͬ⣬ⲻ
ȫвʣҶƽϵ̸һ̸Լְ䶯⣬ҶƽһҪ̸ⷽ£ҪίİţȥԼĹһҪ֯
ҶƽĻȫȻǲ⣬Ҷƽ˵Լڰ´ĹôŬ˶ٵѪھ뿪ˣ벻ͨ
ҶƽĻǸ˽פ´һҪɴڵλڵİ´ίҪ󻹺Զ´רΪ쵼Ļһڵλ˼·ԣȻͶ޹
ȫͻȻ֮Ҷƽ˵ʶԼְӦҶƽԭ򣬿ҶƽҪȥְģûйϵҶƽ̫ԲסˣԼҪǰٰźģΪҶƽ׼÷Ůû뵽ȻŮϰ´ˡ
°ģѵҶƽﴵ߷ˣ꾫ȻλӸˣû뵽Ҫ֪ҲҶƽߣŪɳ׾ˣˡ


1062 鷳½
ͻȻ֮䵱˰´Σ֪Ϣѹסĵ˷ܣȻºæ绰ҶƽʾллԼ֧֡
ʮ˷ܵӣҶƽƽ˵ΣúĹ´ҪھǿһЩҵⷽ취
˵Ҷǣĺˣһȥⷽģǰ´ҵչ
ǳļΪ´һ֣ȨܴƹŰ´˲θεȨͲһģ޷ᲢۣԭȻǸΣҪȫģڰ´Լ뷨ˡ
Ҷƽ绰Ҳһ룬Ϊ´ΣˣȫλϣòһȫǶˣһȫĹȷʵ⣬ڰоöˣ˵ҲԼȨԣԼûȨȫھǶ˸
ôһ룬ҶƽеȨˣ᲻ܵԼΪϰշǽһܺõ飬ڸɻ£ƻҲǺܴˡ
Ҷƽоٵ֮ԽҪȨһ˫н˵ԼҲ˵˵ģԱ
ڵϰ´Ժ󣬱ǺҶϵҶҶƽϵãҶϵϣҶƽĹϵȻ󻹿ԽҶεԴһЩ顣
Ҷϵ֮ҶҲǺܸˣϴμЩϲȻǳˣһʱ֮û
Ҷƽе£ҶҲڿʼˣһ£гרŶԸزģǵû鸾ȴ֪Ȼһ룬ֻҪԼһ£˸гͿˣȻгλҲǺܸˣǼҵгҲҵҪרŶԸزûôס
ͻȻˣ϶Ϊǹôģãȥ԰´Ҳȥͬ¥̣Ļ˶󣬸гͻиĹ˼ɣͬʱΪ´룬˵ĹϵѾŰ취һҲǿԵġ
һ룬Ҷα˵ˣһⲻһξ飬ǺðǺðˣˡ
Ҫһʽ𣬰´ûʽ𰡣ҪôҪȥҪôҪȥдǲô±Ҷƽ㱨һ¡
֮󣬱Ҷƽ棬Ҷƽ⣬Ҳһû뵽⣬Ҷκܹһ£ⲻܿɹ´һЩ룬ھǿչ
ҶƽͬԺ뷨ʽ𣬽Ǵ򱨸һʽ𣬵ȥԺ󣬸һƽ˿ȴǲԸǮΪĿãΪһƽð֪ҶƽˣԲΪɣԼ취ʽ
һһƽӦ£ȻǱȽϲˣһ£˲ʽ׬Ǯ϶Ҫûȥ뷨ȥȻ׬ǮһҲ
Ժ󣬱ǿʼ뷨ȥҶεİ֮£ִ˼ǧԪĿȻزͬ뿪ء
زҶκļ룬ͷȻˣϾ󽵵ͣûҶεİΣһӦˣȻֺҶƽ˵һҶƽҲǾùͬĺãزһ˵ھ治תҪ˵
Ҷκһ룬زĵǴֱȥгİ칫ңҸгӣʾԼԲǿأŰ졣
гΪʰزƵģˣزũģҲؼ´ɹûʲôı㷿زֱѰ·ֻҪһܿ
ڼزҹӣͻˣָز˳أͻ
Ҫ˵гҲ̫ˣǳزεزʲôϷɣزˣֱӸ߸гں˭ˣ˵⻰
仰֮ز뿪ˣز뿪гоزͻȻ֮õʲôˣҪһ²С
г˻ɣǴˣʱҶκѾʼ룬Ҷһ£Ǹǵһ鳤һ绰ʾ뿪һؿ飬æһ¡
һҶҪ뿪ز鳤ʾû⣬ҪôҶαؿгϣ뷨к
鳤ȻûȨȥгкҶε⣬˭֪Ҷٰھĸ˸ҲҶӰҶԶǾǴ٣Ƕ٣˲֪˲ȻֻȦˡ
Ҷεּ⣬鳤ȥгһ£гأһҶβˣһ亹Ҫ֪Ҷʲô˰˭ҵ
гæ߸鳤תҶΣϣκ⣬Ҫʲô㡣
˸гָ鳤Ҷλһ绰ӵ绰֮ҶαǱʾһлˣ绰زȥһ绰ƽˣôôˡ
û೤ʱ䣬гҲȥ˵绰ʾػʲôҪģܺ˵ȡؿãгķزҲ֪ҶεˣгתҲ̫ˣܲˡ
ںˣһжҪʲô鷳ˣøʲô͸ʲôɣԺҪ뷨ҶκֻҶκ²˳
ҶƽҲ֪زҶκǳ˳£ȥע£زھ׬ǮԣزԼȨȥһЩ飬ڲΪгųģԺҪԼŬС
÷ͻȻҲ绰˵֪ǹܵˣǳܸлҶƽһǺǺһЦ÷òһСԼҲûȥͼʲôôֻҪܳΪͺܺˡ
÷ҶƽĻͷʮָмǳϣҶƽûʲôɹҶƽģҶƽҲûʲôҪҪǮȱǮҪﲻȱŮ˶ȱöŮ˶ΧҶƽתء
Ҷƽ˵绰÷г޵ãֻҪǹϳԺ·Ȼǹˣٰ֪ȦǾ͸Ҫˣ͸ƵģûҶƽİ϶Ρ


1063 µ
ҶƽڵУﱾŹƽѧϰΪίǣעƽʱм˸绰ʾ⣬棬Ҳƽ
ϴθæһӣһЩʱգҲûΪ¾͹ȥˣûʲôˡ
ϣһ磬ĽͻȻУſڣ绰ʱϿεʱ򣬻û¿Σӵĵ绰ֻܳȥһ£ͨԺ󣬲֪Ľϳһ£
ҶƽԼϲ󷽱ȥУмɣһ˵ĽһϴθŰŵģ
һ飬Ҷƽûл˵ˣǴӦŵ飬˵ԼȫԾܾţȴ޷ܾڣһŶ࣬һȻܴȻ뿪սߣǶսߵȻһָ飬Լһ񣬶˵һе˷ܵ顣
Ҷƽһ룬ͬĽĻ׼ϳһ£Ҷϵ绰֮һ룬ȵϵʱĺ˵һ˵ȥܸĿȻӺý͡
ϣҶƽĽһȥһطҶƽʲôĽ͸ȥǸ±˵ã±˵һ⻪ˣڵĺܶ˹ԱõĹϵȻԼĹϵⲻùע⵽
ھϵȻһҪʲôΪʲôҪύôĹԱˣʲôͼı
ĽĽܣҶƽһ룬ҪԼĽɫλԼȥǷҪĿʾˣһ뵽˱ĽĽҪĿʾˣȻһͻ鵽ģʲôְǺײ鵽Ūٵģ¶ˡ
Ҷƽ˵ҪĿʾˣ˵ĿʾˣҪǳ鷳ô죿
ĽεǳأĿʾˣֲعͼ㵱һͨĹԱӴڻӴʲôӣǵʱ򿴡
ҶƽЦذִвУ
ĽЦ㲻ȥȻˣϾίˣҲ֧ȥǸҪô죬˵һ
ҶƽҪһֱȥ鲻κ֪˵ỳʲô
Ľ˵ͷӦ£Ӻܿһ˽˻ſڣȥһţ˳߽󣬸оͨģһǳ߼˽˻
Ҹ±˵˵һλؼеίǣǳˣͱɫݣ͵ǼһλѣͬʱʣȥͶʡĽ߱ߺҶƽĵ˵
ҶƽͷǺãұɫݣ籾ҲдȲʲô顣
ĽЦŵͷҶƽ˵û͸ô죬ֻҪ±˵òŻҶƽ˺ܿߵ˽˻棬˻һҶƽͿһʮҵ棬ȥǳأ´ˣϿҲ̡
ܣλҶǣڽͶʱʶѡȥԺ󣬳±˵ñվĽ±˵ýҶƽ
ҶƽæǰЦܺãĽ˵ˣһλϰ壡
±˵úǺһЦҶðҽг±˵ãҲԽұ˵ó£һģҸոմǱ߻ύһЩѣʶҶǷǳˡ
ȥ±˵÷ǳĿҶƽ߹ȥ֣Ȼһ֮󣬻ѳԵĶȻ˼ƿơ
ܣ㲻һ׾𣿡±˵ֻúƣûϰ׾ƣҶƽ󣬱ʵ
ĽһЦҶǣ˽˻ṩ׾ƵģֻṩƺϣЩƶǴӹڵģһƿʮأ
һƿʮҶƽúõؿ˿ǰĺƣԼſȵĻŽܺϰĺƣҲ̫ݳ˰ɣԼȻίǣǹҲǺȲ𰡣±˵ͦǮ
ҶǣȺƲƷλҴȻĵİ׾ƣȻҲǻˣڷǱһ԰ׯʢơ±˵ЦŶҶƽ˵
˳±˵õĻҶƽæ̾ܵʵǸܴ̾˴ǻ׼ҪͶķ⣿ܷ˽ȥͶҵ
˿Ҷƽ±˵ЦŵһûҵһʺͶʵĵطȫĽܰҽܣĽƼ㣬Լ̸һ̸
Ҷƽϲص˽һչʱڣܵȥͶҵǻṩŻݣܲȥһ¡
±˵ЦһµҲԣһǿĿģҵļһֱǸʵҵģӣǼ嶼ԣұ˻ǶѾƸȤڹڽһ񷨹ѾׯͺˣȻҪ֪ڵĻôãδҵһѾׯĵط
˳±˵õĻҶƽЦ˵ӵͶʣҲӭȻѾׯͶʣʺϵĵطһóͶʡ
±˵ЦŵǵʱҶǵطһֻҪʺϣҿ϶Ͷʵġ
Ľ˵ܵʵۺֻҪúʣһͶʣҶҪóͶʵĻṩһᣬóȥһ¡
Ҷƽϵûκ⣬ѧϰҿ԰ż˽Ӵһ³ܡ
Ľ˵ҶǣҪͬܿǡ
ĽһۣҶƽǺðɣپˡ
±˵ЦҶǣǺȾưɣ
Ҷƽ±˵Ӹղ±˵̸ûп±˵ʲôȥȷʵһУǮˣͶ̣ǲǶˣѵԼӴʲôĿģԼǵ쵼ɲǲ߷ԼҲǲܵİ
һ극ƣҶƽûҶȣֻһƿºȶˣ治ܣϾ̫ˣȶ˿ɲãⲻȥ
±˵üԺҶƽĽһ뿪·ϣĽʵô±˵ûʲô
Ҷƽû±˵ÿȥҲһˣҪʲôͼıѵҸһί棿
ĽЦ˵Щ˾棬㲻֪ףҸоЩֻǲ֪Ŀʲô֪ľĿġ
ҶƽЩ߼ɲзչʲôһ޴ǵĹɲǳصģܲҸе֣ЩΥǲǸŹ˰
ĽҶƽĻҲһ룬Ҷƽ˵һ˰죬ֻһ־磬˼ҶƽҶƽίˣڵУѧϰⲻǵ˼Ҷƽʱ


1064 ع
ҶƽоԼЩͿͨĽʶ˳±˵ãǶĵϸȴǸû壬˵ʲôǲǹɹļŶûŪףҾ˵˲нӴĹԱҲнӴƺһλܶĹٳˡ
صУ֮Ҷƽ˼飬±˵õʲôأ̽鱨£ԱˮΪṩ鱨ߴ˸ʲôǣֻǸŵһִ
ҶƽЩ˼⣬ʱƣ±˵ٴԼӴһʱ֮󣬱ȻŽһ˽⣬ӶͿյһЩ
У֯ѧϰѡ񿼲ĵصȻ˽УУרҵҶƽһϢ绰ȥźһôǰȥѧϰ
ٰѵ϶Ҫ⿼ѧϰģҶƽҲǵȴĿѧϰĻᣬû뵽УѲιۿĵص㰲ŵ˽ȥ
У֮ԻţȻΪ˽Ĺҵ÷չγһν˽չģʽԱŴŴǰιѧϰһ´ҵҰ
һҶƽǸоѧϰˣԼ˽ְ˽ʮ˽ģڰѧϰĵص㶨ԼֻܵöȴѧϰӺõĶˡ
ӵҶƽҲֻзˣͷ̸һƽ绰뵳У֯ѧԱ˽ιѧϰڼ︺źصĽӴĿɶȫص쵼ɲðźˡ
һƽ绰Ҷƽָʡί칫ȥһ绰һ飬ٱʡί쵼ϾǵУ쵼Ҫȥ֣ʡί쵼ҲýӴһ°
֪Ժ֯·󱨸һ£ʡί֯ȻҪнӴѵ֯ŵġ
ӴЩѧԱһ£Ҷƽһ룬оԼûȥһˣȥһ²ãȻŲãǲС
ҶƽУҪȥţѧУȴǲͬǰȥȥѧϰģνӴӴ飬ʱֻҪѹܺ˾ˡ
ѧУͬ⣬ҶƽȻҲֻܸżָһƽǶ绰һҪ׼ýӴ;ܹ˽ܲڴҵĿһõӡ󣬾Ϳǵˡ
ٲ֪УҪȥ˽ѧϰ֮ǸоǳĲȥ˽ѧϰǽҶƽǳ¶飬Ҷƽ˽гڵ˽ίǣҶƽռ˱ˡ
Ȼ˵ϽڽʡȻͷϴ󣬵Ͻȴû˽ȫΪ˽зչٶȷǳ죬˽չģʽԵУŻŵ˽ȥѧϰ죬ϽʡУԲŻͷһЩʱ˽Уǽ˽еķչͷԶԶϽУƲҪϽˡ
ٲϽгȻҲϣԼܳͷԼʱҪУȥϽпѧϰУҪȥ˽ѧϰ󣬱Щʡ
˴ѵ֮󣬾Ż飬ٲһȻҪʡίίһְȫʡȨ࣬ȻѾǸʡ쵼ˣȴʡίľ߲㣬ڼŬ˳ʡί߲㡣
ڽʡίίһְϣеҶƽһǳǿĶ֣Ȼ˵ҶƽֻɲȲʡгҶƽϾѾתսλθʡ쵼Ѿ㹻Ҷƽڵ˽ίǣֻǵгһְһƣΪҶƽһ֣Ƕ֡
ʼհҶƽԼĶֹ֣ҶһԾϣĻ϶ٴڽʡˡ
ΪҶƽ㵹ٲҲڰн˲ã뷨ҶƽĨڣֻ벻ǣȡİ취Ϊκա
ٲھͷˮģΪھǸŵʱҲӹ͵͵ˣϴΪҸ£ܵ뿪˹ڣڹô֮ǻˡ
ȻǰҶƽԼУڿԼĸٲ˾Ķ֣ȻǺ֮ǣŰ취ԸҶƽ
һ˽ܵ˽˻棬ٲһȻͿһһ
гܣλãܸг档֮ЦŶٲ˵
ٲǺһЦ㣬ڼȻǷһ㰡ڣоӦӦ
֮˵ӦǳӦоڹڱȹöˣʺ
Ա߲廰˵ʱʶǵĹϵǳõģ˴εҲ׼ҪҵҸЭġ
֮˹һЦҾȶлгˣ໥ı£ڴгڹٳܲ
ٲԸȥϽһṩ㣬ͶʲôģһŻݵİš
ٲĻ֮ЦðһȥϽڷг
ͷ֮˵껰֮ٲǣ뷽˿ʼ̸š
ٲֻ뷽֮˼һ棬֮󣬾뿪ˣǷǱˣǸҶƽҲĳ±˵á
±˵ڹʶƺҲ֪±˵ñӣص֮˱ϵڵ֪Ҷƽٲķǳ֮󣬱һ񶾵⡣
һ⣬׼ó±˵ʵʩҪó±˵ʵʩȻҲҪһЩ±˵á
һ룬뷨ó±˵ҶƽʶҪҶƽʶн˲У֪ĽҶƽ죬ĽﵽĿġ
ʱҲ±˵ýӴҶƽ˽±˵õı֮£Ҷƽ±˵ʶˡ
ҶƽʱȻ֪Щ뵽ͻȻȻ뷨ԸҶƽʱ±˵ü棬Ȼ˽±˵õء
±˵̸ã±˵ÿһ⣬ԸҶƽ¶ЦݣûʲôͬʺģһܴõһЩôĻȻܾˡ
ʱٲڵ֪Ҫ˽пѧϰȻͷǼʣһ뵽һҶƽİ취ƽҶƽһʱˣʱҶƽ֮ء
һ뵽ٲ¶׹⣬ҶƽķͷһҲҪ㶨ҶƽҶƽûзأӴ˱ûǿĶ֡
ʱҶƽȻûо쵽ٲڱĶȻӭӵУѧԱǰ˽ѧϰ׼Ȼͷͷ⻰ٲ֪ˣٲ϶ø


1065 ҹ
УѧԱڸУĴǰ˽вιѧϰҶƽǰһص˽׼һص˽ҶƽټԱᣬ˽׼
һƽԼǿİ칫㱨׼Ҷƽ˿˵УѧԱһЩʶˣ쵼ɲҲܸģǾ͸ʵǾ÷չʵչʾһ£һ¾飬ұѧԱԲǽнܣһƽгܿɲԣ
һƽʵԸܣһ·ͷȴ˵Ҷǣǣܵĺá
˸һƽһۣҶƽʵ˭ܶһܱȽʺһЩҿˣʱǺǿһͬιۿˣҲҪǰڱ֣ʵǣǵľ齲ǲο
һƽͷһҶƽģҶƽڰ֮󣬲﹤飬ôһƽְѹ㱨һ£Ҷƽ߸һƽˣϵ£һҪץܵ飬ʲôѣԸ
һƽֻ֮ӦţоԼ˽ʲô¶˵˲㣬ҶƽǰŪͷϣ겻񣬿Ҷƽ
Ҷƽѹûб뷨ˣֻ뷨ֲðˡ
ѧԱһ˽Уʡί֯·Ҳ˽ӭӣȿ󣬸УϽʱβɻҪһ¡
ס˽Ƶ꣬Ҷƽ͸һƽ˽Ƶ꣬ǵĵлӭٲҲѧԱУҶƽͷһʱ֮Ҳӡ
סƵ֮󣬵ϣ·лӭᣬӭѧԱǵĵҶƽ͸һƽͬ˴ѧԱ˽ιۿ죬˵뵳Уǳ˽ķչ飬˽źܴİ˽Ҳ˽ʡⶼ໥ϵġ
ѧԱ֮ǰȻҲ˽ûϵͳѧ˽ķչ飬ʱҲ֪˽ôչģԼ˽չ
ڣȴǰѾԻҶ쵼ɲȻڻ£ҿҶƽ·ľֳ֮£϶Ҫˡ
Űͳ˵ְߣȻѧԱҲ븱УһӵλãʾǵӣҶƽȻҲǺ͸УһΪǶ޺÷ٲȴûлλˣ޺÷νٲȴǸеﲻƽ⡣
Ͼ֮󣬴ұϢŵڶвιۣ֮󣬴޺÷͵͵ظҶƽһ绰Լ˽תһתһ˽ķ羰
ӵ绰ҶƽеǳΪֲ÷⣬ֻôӦȻҶƽ˾ȥȥ˽Ľеضתһת
޺÷Ȼܸˣ˵ص֮Ҷƽ˳Ȼ˾һȥĴתתƽʱҲûлתһתŴ޺÷Ҳˡ
Ϸǳ֣·̳Ⱥиֲͨûκε𣬶ʱǾͨ˵ݳһһϵҹз顣
޺÷ҶƽʵҲҶƽһ𣬲û̫˼˽ȻҹҲûʲôɿģֻҶƽһ䣬оһЩ
Ҷǣƽʱطתһת𣿡޺÷һţһЦʵ
ҶƽЦƽʱʱģҸоЩȺˣƽʱȺȥôȺڵأǾתһתǺˣ
޺÷ǺЦ;תһת£ǲûŮͬ־ͬ㲻
ҶƽЦǣȡЦҰɣĻҸɴలһŮͬң𣿡
޺÷Цһµҹ㵱ɣ֪ԸⲻԸ⣡
Ҷƽæ˵ǿɲУõ鰡ɱأ
޺÷ǺЦҶƽҶƽ֪⣬Բ˵ô޺÷ôߣҲǻ˵лģβŻ
Ҫǹ̳޺÷ͻȻǰһУҶƽһȥһ¡
ҶƽûȤǼȻˣһ⣬Ӧһǰȥ
ץһؼңٲؼŲҴ㣡ǰߵʱҶƽʹ޺÷ͻȻǰ˵ΧΧۡ
һҲ˹ȥֻ֮һһŮӣŮͷˣӸץţŮӺˣԸߣһȥһԷޡ
ӣΧΧ۵ֻ￴֣ûȥȰ˵ģҶ֪һ²һ£αȥһɧ
ϹҲʶӶΧȺ˵Ůţ˴ҾǷޣҲûһǰµģŮ˵ȴʶЩѣֺܼط˵
Ҷƽʹ޺÷Ա߿˿Բǰһ£ҶƽܲܣһᣬǰǸе˵ȻţôԴ
䲻˹£еıǵҶƽһ˵ʲô£ӾԸ
ӣǺŮ˵һ˵ġ
Ҷƽ۲һ£˵ǼʹӣҲڽ֣ΰģλŮͬ־ҲϹ
еһ̻ˣָҶƽ˵˵ûйϵԶ㣡
˵һҲҶƽض˵˵ţѽ֤øǿһ
񾭲˭Ž֤ץԶ㣬ӵ²ܣеıǴе
ߺߣȻǾͱɣڽϴ֣ΰҪҶƽóֻ׼
һҶƽҪеͻȻҪҶƽҶƽû뵽ȻԼæһеһæǰһȭҶƽڵء
ҶƽֺҲܿţԼһͬʱһȥеİӴһоԼҶƽĶ֣Ȼӵˡ
Ҷƽȥ׷ģһôˣ׷ֻ÷ȻŮô¡
ŮǺȵЩ࣬Ҳ˵ˣһٷеϹҶƽҲ㲻嵽ǲϹϹȴˣǲǶνڹؼǰŮĸͻؼҡ
Ҳֻ￴ֻ֣Ҷƽʹ޺÷˰οҶƽһ£ֻñþŮĸͻؼҡ
绰֮󣬹ʮӣˣǸŮԺ󣬱ǰȻһͻؼҡ


1066 ̳
Ҷƽʹ޺÷ŮӸٺãʲôҲǲֻùˣ޺÷˵Ҷǣ˵ǵǲǷް
Ҷƽһ£˵ҸоǿܲǣҪȻǸеĸҪأ
޺÷һ룬ҲǣޣʹеĴ򲻹ҶƽҲӦܣˣ˵֮䲻Ƿ޹ϵǷ޹ϵڸʲôأ
ҶƽҲǸе֣ºΣðŹغúõһ£֮˼ǰȥȥ̳תһת
ƽʱҶƽûȥ̳ʲôٵôˣƽʱԴסжûԼģרŵźţʱͻȥ̳ͳУ
ˣʱʹ޺÷ҶƽҲúù۲һ³УȻڳ۲Ŀͨ˿϶һͨ˽п϶뿴һЩõĶ˵Ķؼҡ
Ҷƽ˳￴ȻҪ飬˽飬һ߲˼۸ʳƷ۸˽⵽ЩڽľߵУṩһЩʵݡ
Խ̳ԺҶƽܵǱߵĸʳƷĵطһ޺÷ͨŮȥǱߵ·ˣ˵Ƿֿˡ
Ҷƽһ߲˵㣬˿߲˵ļ۸Ҳò֪ǲǹһ룬Щ̾Լ̫Ⱥ˰˲ˣ֪߲˵۸࣬ûϰոͬܣôһطٰǰûʶ⣬ʶˡ
߲гǰתһתȻͺһ̸̫̫̫̫Ҳϲ죬һԼ죬˻ϻӣ˵߲˼۸һԲ߲ˣ⼦ļ۸ҲһǣҲԲˡ
Ҷƽһ֪߲˼۸ˣ߲˼۸ˣ߲˵˿Ҫúôˣ˭֪һ˵Ǹ̫̫˵߲˵Ҳ׬Ǯ߲ˣӵﵽ˳ٵϰյĿ۸Ƿ˺ö࣬Ǯȫóи׬ˡ
Ҷƽһֻ̫̫һ˹ӵĴ裬ǻ֪öණģͨڵĳɱߣȻǣͷò棬мͨȴ׬Ǯ
֮϶ԭģֲ˵ûм۸̸еƣ߸û۸ƶ𵽵ڼ۸õҪгһЩҲΪ棬׬󣬶ߵ档
ĻҪֻиԤܱ֤άĹƽ壬ʱƻ
̫̫һ̸ҶƽʶΪһе٣ܹȥδչͬʱҲҪ⣬⿴С⣬ȴǣǧ򻧣кܶƶ˿ҪΪһλģʳƷ۸ˣǵӰйעЩҪְ
ȻЩӦгܣίǹܣǲ˵ίǾ͹ܲǣǧ򻧵飬Ϊίǣ϶ҲεģҪⷽ¡
̫̫˵һĻ̫̫ҲûϳίǣȻ˵ҶƽҲǾڵ¶棬ͨ뵽ίǻᵽҺ찡ʱ̫̫һˣ֪ˣġ
һ˵ҶƽҲЦˣһεһ˵ģ̫̫Ȼ˵˵ǲ
ת˼ȦҶƽص㻹ǹ۲Ʒ۸⣬ͬʱҲ۲쳬еƷǲǺܷḻڵĳƷûвḻȻʲôë
֮Ҷƽ˴޺÷ĵطֻԴ·һæֵҶƽץҿһ
޺÷뺰Ҷǣһ뵽ڹϲܳƺΪҶǣæĿڽҶƽΪƽҶƽһЦ˹ȥ˵÷ô·˰
޺÷Цһĵϣһÿ·ȥ
ҶƽЦǺðƷûȥǮһ
޺÷Цǿɸˣץҿһһ
Ŵ޺÷·Ҷƽ㷢Ů˵·Ƕ࣬·ȫΪŮģۻң˵Ů˹أŮ˹̫鷳·һῴꡣ
Ǯһ֮󣬴޺÷˼۸
λŮʿ۹⣬·ǹƣһǧˣķԱЦ˵
Ҷƽһʱɴ˫ۣʲô·ô󣬵Ǵ޺÷ȴ˵ǾҪˡ
Ҷƽһʱɵۣ޺÷ͷһЦƽôǮɣ
Ҷƽһ뻵ˣԼŴǮôʰÿпʲôĶûУղ˵һҲ˵˵ģҪʵʩð칫ιУڰ칫Ҳڰ
÷ܲ򣿡Ҷƽε˵һ
޺÷ЦЦûǮˢˣʱұ
Ҷƽ˵ԣȻͷҸ㱨
ҶƽȻ˵ţͷȴֹǧ˿ɲСĿʺϰѲԼͷпȡǮ
ţ޺÷Ѿȥˣ֮˱ӳ˳ʱһ˫۾ȴڶǡ
߳У޺÷תͷһƽղŽʲôȥˣһת㲻ˡ
ҶƽЦЦȥȥˡ
޺÷ֵʵʲôˣ
ҶƽЦȥһ߲˼۸ʳƷ۸񣬿˰ид
һȥ˽ˣ޺÷ƽ벻ôϸİҾӦǽֵε飬һίǣȥ˽
ҶƽҾòô˵ʱҲҪ˽һЩ΢۵ĶȻһЩ飬ͰСˣЩСϰ˵ȴǴ飬ԣ۹ٵж󣬶ǹעЩС飬һϸ쵼
޺÷˵ͷ˵һƣһ֦һҶܹ飬ܶ鶼СѻģСȺˣҲһܴһҪ϶ٴĿʵֶGDP
һ˼ҶƽȥиˣȻȥ·ˣһô·޺÷ǸоЩˣΪʡίǾûжٻʵʹ飬ֲעȥ˽ЩԺܵΣ
ƽ˵·ǧǲ̫һЩղͷһû뵽ЩھЩˡ޺÷˿·Цһ˵
ҶƽǺһЦ󲻹ԶԵģЩϰ˵һҲ󣬶ڹнײ˵ǾǹһЩ
޺÷Ц˼˵ˣǿǹнײ㰡


1067 ץ˻
Ŵ޺÷ĻҶƽֻЦ˵޺÷ǹнײ㣬ϰ˴벻ţʡίˣɲʱ˵Լǹнײ㣬˭ģ
Ǵ޺÷ȷȷʵʵǹнײ㣬ùʵ쵼ɲ쵼ɲùʵȻڹнײ㣬Ȼʲô
ǹнײ˻洩ô·޺÷۾գˣ˵ʲô˵޺÷Ǯģ˵޺÷ͥð
΢΢һЦҶƽǳǰȥ޺÷Цһ´æϣȻһ׼תһתͻȥ
һᣬһȽƫƧĵط˾ԼΪͣ˱˹ȥ
һ߹ȥ֮Ҷƽ˾٣Ÿ˾һ绰һתͷȴǷеĴԱð˳оиղһŮӾӡ
޺÷ûע⵽ǣҶƽΪһ¹ܹˣ۲˺ǳϸһ۾Ϳ⼸Ҫʹ޺÷
ҶƽæתͷԴ޺÷˵Ͽ뿪еС鷳ˣ
޺÷һʵʲô£
Ҷƽµˣץ뿪һ£
޺÷˳ҶƽָķȥһӷǼˣʱô죿ץɣ
ҶƽЦŵõģܶԸǣһȥ㣡
޺÷һȻһ˵ƽܶԸǣ
Ҷƽ΢΢һЦڰ֣ʾץ뿪޺÷һ²ˣץһ°ɣԵһѪ
޺÷һǼ˾˽ҶƽҶƽ֣˭ҶƽղŶµģ˭£Ҫۣǻµԭ
ûϵҶƽһʲôˣ֪Ҷƽίǣ˵֪Ҷƽʲô֣ǾͲôˡ
⼸˺ܿ˹Ҷƽװûпǵӣһ룬ӿڴͳһ֧̣ȼߣװµӣǼΪһͨйġ
һûʲô׼ŮӵǸȿ˹ҶƽеʱͻȻһתĿģ̣нϴķ緶Ǹеķһ
һǸеһʱû˵Ǽ˹һǲ
Ǹеĵ˵ͷȴǸܵҶƽɢݲַơ
һĿǼ̴һҶƽ˹ûиҶƽ׼ĻᣬԷƽʱǼΪ׺֮ˡ
ҶƽΪסԷǿûãνҳɨ㲻ɨǲģ⻵Ҫǲǿ϶ʵģԴֻһݺݵؽнѵǳ֮󣬲֪ȥһ
ۣ
ҶƽҲǲΪίǣʮ˰ձ붼ûһЩȻ滹û۸ʹǴ绰ֳ֪ͨʱҲ
ҶƽԷԼӦĻᣬôԼҲǲؿˣΪǿڶԷΪһʱͻȻѸײڶ֮ƳˣûпγֵģֻһӿдǰͷǸӣͨһԵڵأѾѪ
ѽ֪˭гžͿֳ˹ҶƽԷֵĻᣬһȹȥһŽ˸߷˹ȥصˤڵϡ
ȥʣ˾ǴվǸеģȫɵۣǸеƺӦתȾܣǸеһ£׼תҲܣҶƽȴһץס㲻ߣ˭ھʹȣ
ڵϵˣܵģһҲǲˣڵţǸеһȻҲҶˣæƵ磬ǰɣ۲ʶ̩ɽԭ£
Ҷƽᣬ绰ֱӸܶһ绰ϹܶһӵҶƽ绰֪ʲô£ȥеǳҶƽټڱùȥ
һ룬ܶһ˿ų߸޺÷ʱһߣһҶƽɵؾͰ⼸˸ʰˣдľǾȣҶƽ쵼ɲ֣ѵǰֱȻתҵطģ
õƣ޺÷æδ˳һľȵӣҶƽǰСصƽղźҶţ
תͷҶƽ΢΢һЦûʲôåƦǽһѵ
磬ŹǰɣǸеƵ
Ҷƽһۣ˵һҾͷǣȲҪǺÿ
⻰һ˵ŵ˲˵ˣҶƽһţߴһȭ͹ܵģ޺÷ߵصǺΪҳˣǽһѵ֪ôһˣ
޺÷ѵǵӣǼ̧ͷ˿ɶҲû˵ǽˣ˵ЩûõģǲҲ
ǽЩûõģȵһᡣҶƽ֪Щ˵ߴ޺÷
޺÷һû˵ղŲǿ⼸˷ǳɶ̲ס˵Ǽ䡣
Ҷƽ޺÷ŵʱ򣬳ܶҴææظϵˣһֳ⸱󣬱ǲô£Ҷƽˣ˵⼸⣬ץúһ£һûʲô
ܶһæӦһûʲôãִ绰־֣ǻ˹顣
ܶһźãҶƽ˵ﴦɣ˸һȻȥˡ
һ۴޺÷ܶһ£֪Ҷƽʹ޺÷ôûһҶƽţæС˵Ҷǣϰ¡
ܶӦ֮ҶƽŴ޺÷뿪޺÷˳ܶһۣһкȻҶƽ뿪ˡ
ǼһҶƽˣܣܶžһǹ˵ˣ֪֪˭
һܶǹǼһɵˣоˣһ˵ãһǹôôù
ʵţҶһǾ͵ܶΪס⼸ˣ˵
磬ǹֵģǸе̲סһ䡣
Ӳǹֵģǹֳأ֪ղ˭ܶ˴ֿڣƽʱɲģǽûӣΪҶƽʹ޺÷ȻˣҶƽ϶ûΰãֿܲ
һǰ˲ǹֵģһǹֳ⼸׳ܶΪʲôǹˣǳ׵ˣ˴򣬶һҪӣ¸ģ̫˰
磬ܷܲŹһҪǮУǮǸеľȻܶˡ
˭磬ȥʵǵĴҽܶݺݵ˵


1068 Ϊ
־ֵľֳܿϵεȻǴˣؾˣоֵľֳֳܲƴһЩ
־ִ󣬳ܶһָץһǸʲôģģЩ˵ֱǳ˱ӵˣ
ܶʮߣ֪ʲô飬оܶƽʱһ㲻ӵģôӣѵʲô̼ˣ
˰Ǽ˸ߣ־ֵľֳվڳܶĵʵ¾֣Щô£ҿ˴ˣ˵أ
ܶתһ˵ǰǴҲǻãǶܲţ
־ֵľֳˣô˴˻û£⻰԰ô£
¾֣Ǵ˵ˣ־ֵľֳһ䡣
ܶǼ˸˭ǴˣͲ֪ˣ͵ûпҴҪܣ뵳У쵼֪飬ǿ϶ҪֵܴģһҪܶ
־ֵľֳһһо˼Ļ˭ģæӦ¾֣ұ֤񡣡
ȥɣܶ˵һȻȥȷƣҶƽ£ҿҶƽûʲô飬Ҷƽʲô飬ֳǲõˣҴʱ뵳УѧԱιۿ죬֪˽еίϳͽˣֳѹ
ʹûȥҲǸеãҶƽ£֪ͷô룬᲻Ϊûã³ʵеʱҲΣоֵľֳǻ참ԱһЩԱʲôߣڹ͹ݷ³Ҳûа취ǽλġ
־ֵľֳ⼸˴֮Щɻ󣬱һЩˣô£ЩһȻҪ˵һˣԼʮ꣬ǸˣȻֽ˹ֳ֮ˡ
һ˵˾Ȼܰѳܶй־ֵľֳȻǸе֣ʲôı£˻ܽйֳţư
˻˭أ־ֵľֳһǼˣʱи˾͸ҿǸڹֳǰ쵼ƵģŹֳأǰµһ
һ˵־ֵľֳһۣ˵Ҳʵ飬ܶԼǰ飬Ȼţ˾ȻܰųܶǴ쵼
־ֵľֳһоҵϸ߶һСӣñܶ
Ҷƽʹ޺÷һ·ȥ޺÷ڶҶƽĲˣоҶƽһӢۣҶƽԱߣȻҶƽļϿҶƽһǸоȻĻеŮѹϵ˰Ҫñ˿ˣǻ˵á
ǣǻȥɣҶƽӿһŲ˵
޺÷æȥ˵ƽתһɣ
Ҷƽæ˵ˣǻȥɣȥϢɣ
޺÷֮̽˵ƽҪǲ˽ƵȥϢˣȥòãһ棡
Ҷƽתͷ˵Ҫȥ裿̫˰ɣвУ
޺÷ȴץסҶƽĸ첲˵ھȥò
޺÷Ȼ˽Ҷƽˣһ룬˾ѳȻȥ衣
޺÷ҶƽӦˣʮֵĸˣ˾ڳϣȵ˳֮˾ţҶƽһȥֻҶƽĸ첲˼ɵˡ
Ҷƽһæ˰䣬˰ԺҶƽæ˵ǣð˻ῴġ
޺÷ȴǲΪȻصҶǣղŴ˵̫ˣҺó㰡
Ŵ޺÷ԼϵӣҶƽֱˣ˵ǣҸʲôǶ쵼ɲֺòǴҪġ
޺÷ȴ˵ǲһ쵼ɲ֮⣬ǻ˺Ůˣ쵼ɲҲˣǺͨҲûʲôֱ
޺÷˵ĵҲһʵͨˣ쵼ɲԼҪҪͨˣܰԼñͨ˸߶٣
޺÷˵껰Ҷƽȥ裬ֻ˳裬ʵҲûʲô˼Ǵ޺÷ǲҶƽҲûа취ֻ
һᣬ޺÷˷ȻҶƽעҶƽһڣҶƽŪһ£æ˵ǣǻȥɡ
޺÷ȴȻ§סҶƽĲӣ˵Ҷǣǲȥǡ
޺÷Ŀ¶һ̰֮ɫҶƽΪˣȻǶҪʲôʱôأ޺÷ܻһӰúܱ
ǣǲǺˣҶƽ˵һ䡣
޺÷ȴ˵ûͷѵĺأҶǣǹйŮģѵܷ𣿡
ҶƽæôǹйŮأǣͬѧģһε뵳Уμѧϰͬѧأǲ
޺÷ȴǺǺЦ벻㵨ôСҿǰ㵱Ӣ۳ݵģ
Ҷƽû뵽˵ҲЦ˵Сйϵûаɣ
޺÷һ۵ôûаҿ㰡ӻûҵĴҲ쵼ɲǸŮͬ־Ҷ£ʲô
޺÷ǳŰҶƽеԼΪԵܵˣôأ
Ҷǣǲͨˣҵ˼빤úòð޺÷ӣЦ˵
ҶƽǺЦ˵˼빤ֱǲմ߰ɣҷԼ˼빤ҡ
ʲôˣ޺÷̰ҶƽϢ
ҶƽһϢתЦ˵ͽ͵ˣ
͵𣿡޺÷Цһ£˵
ҶƽͻȻ֮еȣ޺÷̫ˣô޺÷̫ѿϾԼͬأ쵼ɲСǲһְλֻͣҪԼˣǲ޺÷ȴǲ˵ǻ˼ҵӡ
ǣܱܲϷҰҶϷصСˣҶƽ˴޺÷һ˵
޺÷һֱѹҶƽϣ૵˵ҾǵϷˣôҶǣѵŮͬ־Ϸ㰡
Ҷƽǵɳϣ޺÷ٺٵЦţֱҪַӣҶƽеԼҪʧ
ǣܻܲطҶƽͻȻ˵
ʲôط޺÷̸Ȥ˵
ҶƽЦЦȻصǣȥݣﲻ󷽱㣬˷˿ǲá
ȥģʲôؾǰھܲˣ˵ţ޺÷ֱӰҶƽѹȥ


1069 УҪ
ҶƽоԼô޺÷ַˣȫǴ޺÷Ů˿Ƿ飬޷ֿˡ
صƵʱѾʮˣҶƽ˾ҶƽǳĹȥʲôģһ仰˵Ѵ޺÷͵Ƶ֮ҶƽίԺȥϢ
ڶ죬ҶƽҪͬѧԱǲιۿ˽ķչģʽ׼˽Ƶ֮ǼȥУһԷ·ʱҲһͬȥԷ
ڳԷʱҶƽȥ̳飬Уһ飬ѧϰҪǽкϵѧϰǶ΢ϵѧϰȴǺ٣ʵӦǿһ΢ϵѧϰ͸΢۵Ķѧϰ۵Ķѧϰ˼·ܻһЩ
УһǸеʣһҶƽȥ̳齲һ飬ַͨʽһεлѧϰһЩôҽӵǴȥѧϰ̫۵Ķ
УһĽܺãһ£һѧԱһԣһЧΡ
·ԱҲǸоѧϰ죬Ҫѧξ÷չϴĿǶһЩ΢۵ĶȴǲԸȥѧϰҶǸ߼쵼ɲˣǲô˽⣬ôȥһǺܺõġ
˷ұȥ˽еĸȥ죬涼һЩʵҵҵǳĶ࣬ǿҵкܶ࣬һѧϰص㣬ΪķչȽϳˣҶƽг֮ǰǷչĺܳˣǼ쵼ͬõĽ
ѧԱ󣬿Ķ𺳣ϾкöĹԱڿ˽ĸչôǵȻǸе˲˽ʹ̫Ҵ󲿷ʣһЩûеƣڿˣֻǿ۽磬Ҫﵽ˽Ŀ꣬ǲܵġ
һƽŸѾʹҽнѧϰٲţûʲô飬ϽеĸҲ˰ûʲôѧϰġ
ӲԺҶƽǴȥǿһǵĽݱؽţĿҶƽץģûôιۣôҾҫʲô·ȴҪôҲιһ¡
ǣǵĽǴ޵Уұ㿴ĺϸ֪ôչȽϳˣѧϰڽĶȻֱ۵ؿ
黹ɸһƽнܣһƽڽܵʱ򣬱ǰ˳ʾĿģһǿҶƽû뵽Ҷƽôǣôһǣһɣ˽еľ÷չ¸ˡ
ڽеǣٲﲻð˻ǵĽҶƽ¶ΪϽегһҲŸһشĿûиǲ
ŴιѧϰţٲδⲻˣͷץǸ±˵ðҶƽ׽ȥֻҪҶƽ׽ȥҶƽҲˣʲôҲûá
ǣҶƽŴȥǱ߿һ֮ȥǿжôãҪ˽еĳй滮ڵĳнЩңäĿأȱٳԶĹ滮ԴĴ˷ѣҶƽôҿһ˽νгй滮ġ
ȵҹ֮󣬱ǸҶƽȥ滮ҶƽͰԼйרŹ滮齲һ飬ʾй滮Ҫ»ǮǮˣʡµĶ࣬¹滮˷ѵ飬ҶƽйػؽרƵ£ҸеⷽҲǺܴ󣬱Ͼֻһ滮ȴǻ˼ǧԪеĵط˿϶ǲԸⰡֻһưȴûƹ滮ĺûȵġ
ι˽еļҪĿУֻᣬôҽнѧϰʱҶƽ㿪ʼּԣ˽ķչģʽҶƽ٩٩̸޺÷ǸˣϷ»Ŀ󻹵ץסҶƽһ
ҶƽּԺѧԱ׷׿ʼԣ̸̸Լѧϰᣬֵٲʱ˵˽еķչֵϽѧϰȻϽʡУķչҲȤĻҲԵϽָ
ٲлذԼһ٣ȻҵϽȥָһ˼ˣҶƽȻҲ˼СأֳûбҪɣҪôȥϽвιۣУ쵼˵ǵķչȽϺãôȥˡ
ٲ˵֮󣬴Ҳֻ뷨û˸ģ֮˽Ž
ȵҶ֮󣬸Уʼȿ϶˽еķչǳãͬʱл˽еĽӴȻʾѧҲǳ棬ȥԺ󣬴רдһдⷽĵб棬ѧУȥ
һҪдб棬͸еЩΪѣΪƽʱдֶûиôддҲֻǱ쳵дˡ
ڸУ˵⻰֮󣬱ô˽һʵصĵУйȺʵģ۵жԣֻҪйȺڵģȻˣһҪʵʵдﵽѵĿģʴʲô
û뵽УͻȻҪѧԱΪ֮һʲô˼ôȥʵؽеУʲô˼
УϾ˵ƽʱĸطһˣȺڽнӴ˽ȺڵĺǰӵʽȥιӲ죬ֻҪⷽͿԣȥֻҪȺڽӴ˽⵽һЩ飬ǿˣ˽Ժͬγɵб棬ѧУȥһʱ䣬һ֮һؾעⰲȫ
У˵֮󣬴Ҷʱˣ΢˽ðڴ֮ǰûй£Ҫȥ΢˽ãȫȫ
˵ʵڵģƽʱһ˳ȥ÷ʲôΣգʵȫǶˣΪ쵼ɲһͨ˶ôʲôΣգ쵼ɲǿѧңʹΣҲûʲô򲹵Ķȥˡ
Уһ˵꣬еȻ⣬ҵ˲Ըӣ±ҵͳˣôεѵͰװײμˡ
׼ӦУʱٲͻȻ廰ղУᵽ˰ȫ⣬ҾҪ˽ΰǲǰȫӦҶƽͬ־һ£õʱʲô⡣
ٲͻȻ䲻˵ⷽ£Ҳǿʡί֯·Ҳǿٲô˵˽еΰãǽʡˣôѧԱôܹ˵أ


1070 ȥ
·󲻽üͷٲʱҶƽʲôﶷѧԱЦϾ˽Ҳǽʡ˽ʲô⣬Ҳǽ⡣
ٲ⻰˵ˣʱҲٲջȥٲʱڹΪҶƽ
Ҷƽһ˵⻰һӦû뵽ڹԼ£뵽Ϸ飬Լͽô֪ˣǿ϶ҵĽţΪ˽ȫģΰʲôʱãڴҪ΢˽ãʲô飬ԼҪеģԼǺ飬ڸУˣ֪ʲôᷢʲôģ
ҶƽٲĻ֮˵гѵǣȫǳҪҵιѧϰһҪ֤ҵİȫȥڼʲôȫǿǵҽҷֳɼ飬һȥУ໥ӦţͬʱҲԹͬоȽϺãгᵽ˽е尲ȫ⣬ҿ֤尲ȫûκģҷġ
һҶƽ飬ѧԱʱΪĻһԱְȫ⣬һҲԼһб棬ÿ˶дбˣҶƽá
У֮Ҳǵ˵ͷоҶƽĽã˰ȫ⣬УҲǲóеΣһԽ⡣
ٲҶƽµģû뵽ҶƽȻĽ飬һӵõ˴ҵͬǰҶƽ֪Ͳ˵⻰ˣȵʲôȫ⣬Ҷƽе
ǻͷˣٲ޺룬ҶƽȫԱܿˣһ࣬Ŀ̫Сˡ
Уİţȴȥ˽ãҶƽڻɢ̸֮ϻίԺѳܶ˹ܶһԼίԺҶƽ֮󣬱İһ¡
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ҶƽһųֵĶͯŮİҪܶһרذ̾˽еĹŮͯŻȷΰȶ
ܶҶƽĻȻæӦţӦ֮ҶƽֶŵҪ֯оϽѲߣΪУѧԱҪоелҪôҵİȫȻҲ̫ԣ֪˾ҪȱϰȫͬʱҲҪôģôҾڿʲô𣿡
ҶƽҪ󣬳ܶһ룬оܼްҶƽñȥãæӦھȥţ񡣡
ҶƽͷΰĹһҪץãȻʱõģǴ˽ȫ˾ӳУΰǵһλģⷽһЩ򣡡
ܶͷоȽϵأһʱɵģǰЩҲֻ˴ڹҪ谲ȫ˾ӳǿɲһ׵¡
ҶǣΰҲҪͶʣǻҪһӴ̽衣ܶ뽨
̽裬ҶƽȻǷǳӵģֱӸ߳ܶóҪԤ㣬ǲԤ㣬˽ĿǰȱǮؼҪǮõõõĵطź
ܶҶƽΰǳӣѹͬʱҲǸеܸˣеܴѹҶƽĻʵҲ˼ҶƽܹΰԹĵλźܴİ
ܶ깤Ҷƽſȥе⣬ΪѧԱͬҲҪȥ˽ðȻȥ̳ȥһط
еΪһ飬滹д޺÷һ飬޺÷Ҫһģٲ滹Ӧһ飬һеģٲƺԸҶƽһ飬޺÷ԸҶƽһ飬Ǿˡ
ÿȥȫԼѡԣҶƽÿȥĸطȻ˵Լ˽еίǣ˽ˣһЩǷǳ˽⣬ҲҪȥ˽һ¡
˰죬Ҷƽȥ˽лվȥ˽һվط࣬ӣһеΰòã˵һڣվΰãǾ˵еΰô
Ȼ˵ڽԼĶ̣ǲҲУβεĻ˽ðһĹߣ
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ָ޺÷绰޺÷ʾȥȥȻˣҶƽһ룬гҪҪ㣬õǰ׼
ڶ糿ҳԹ緹ԺѧԱ½߳˽Ƶ꣬Ȼϳ⳵ȥõĵطȥʵЩѧԱѵеĵص㶨˽еһЩԱߣʱȥʲôģǳ
Ҷƽ滹д޺÷һ֮󣬱һ⳵˳֮󣬱˾վȥ
⳵˾˳ǲɫذվȥҶƽƽʱ⳵֮󣬱Ҳû˵ʲôطˡ
⳵˾Ǵ˽ƵģǴ򿪻ϻӸİɣ
⳵˾ͻȻôһʣҶƽһ⻰תͷ˿˵ǣͻ˱𣿡
⳵˾Ц˵ôأ˱һĺˣ׼طȥ
Ҷƽһۣʵǵô
⳵˾߿ⲻøɰһۻҪϽ󲿷ֵǮ׬˶ٵġ
޺÷֮ȴ˵˵⳵˾ⲻһ׬ǮģȲҪ˵Щĳ⳵˾Щڳ˾һҲ׬ٰ
⳵˾ȴ˵ЩڳҪǮģҪǮһģЩڳ˾гӦȡǡ
ȡˣͺǰɣ޺÷Ц˵
⳵˾ֿЦЦҲ˼ûӪ֤ƾʲô·Ͱǵĳȫ˵ġ
Ҳ˵Щ⳵˾ҲˣЩ˶ǵĳ޺÷˽һЩֶԳ⳵˾˵
⳵˾һ˵ˣ˵ôܣû£˵̫ˣ


1071 վ
޺÷ĻȻ˳⳵˾ջ𣬿⳵˾ƢСҶƽһۣûٺ˵⳵˾Ҳ֪һ⣬ڿеĳ⳵˾δػ㡣
аСʱڵִ˽վ֮󣬳⳵˾ҶƽҪʮǮ޺÷һôҪô࣬Ǵߵ
⳵˾ȴ˵ǲߣ˽Ƶ굽վʮǮ
޺÷ǱôɣǱ߶ġ
⳵˾мؿ˿Ҷƽ˵ҲǮˣô򳵷Ҳ𣿡
Ǯ³⳵˾˵Ը
Ҷƽ˳⳵˾һۣҲûʲô˵ͳһٿǮӸ˳⳵˾⳵˾ҸʮǮȻ˳
˳֮Ҷƽ̾һ⳵֪Щ⳵˾ڴϣǲ˽⣬Ҳ֪ôͳ⳵˾ΪίǶ伲Ķ֪̫٣ڿҰ
Ҷƽ˵Ц˵ƽǣڷп˰ֻǸ󣬴⳵˾ʦǺõģ㲻ôģ
Ҷƽ𺦵˽еʻȱ࣬Ȼ÷չˣʸҲУⷽĹ̫٣ȺڵҪ󻹺Զ
޺÷Ա˵ƽͷһ³⳵򲻾Ӧý
Ҷƽȴǵ¶ҪȥҪôĲŸʲôЩӦ⣬ȻԽ;ҿĶȥǻкܶҿĶô죿Ǳ뽨Լľơ
ƽ˵鲻һҪĻƣûоƣȻСɴ⣬ˣǾǳ鷳ˣǵоһơ
Ҷƽͷһϵͳ̣Ҫ뽨þƣҪѧоһ¡
һᣬȻվȥ˽վԱܶ࣬ȥȽϾȻƳܶڱˣά
뿴һ˽һЩʱͻȻһҲһЦҶ뵽˻վطˡ
֮ǷֿҶƽ˱Ź۲һ»վԼվʩܲҵҪҲҪȻҪȥÿһ£һʲôҪ
˱˺һңǿöȺΪıģŲٵˣʱֵ죬ֻзȣûпյǸеȡ
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ҶƽЦȥҲ찡зȡ
޺÷̫࣬Ƶûţһǳȥɡ
˵꣬޺÷ֱӳȥˣоܲˣȥҶƽ򳵴ȥ򳵵Ҫͨİգöǳȥ򹤵ģһƤװŶںȳӣǸеǷǳ࣬Щ˶ǲԶǧ򹤣Ϊн˺ܴĹףȴܹϸЩ˲װ
Ҷƽ˽⵽һЩ򹤵ϾǴӻĹԱǲʳ˼̻֪ϰյĲףһһ뿪磬ȥ۵ĹĿľΪһ˵棬ǵĹ治棬۶۶ȥ
濴㱧ԹվҲװյÿͿԺúõȳѵվһյҲװ𣿡
ҶƽͷҪһʻվǼװյÿͿԺܺõϢһ¡
˵˼䣬Ҷƽһ߹ǰҲһƤҲǳ򹤵ģֻߵһԵԱߣ˵ϣΪûλˡ
ºֻͷϢ̫ƣˣ·Ҫ˯ӣҶƽһƿ˹ȥغһү
λһ˺۾ҶƽԣҶƽеϵ˹ȥȴûнӣϾˣҳ򹤾ˣ֪һЩ˻ҩôҪİ˵ϰ
ӣҶƽûǿ󣬶ǿʼ飬˵үǳ򹤻ǻؼң
λ˴ԼʮϣҶƽһۣŻشǻؼģߵĹûˣҵûؼˡ
ҶƽǸʲôģ
˵ڹϰæˣɲˣ˼ҲҪˣֻܻؼˡ
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˿Ȼʣ˵Сӣ㿴ǳеİе˻ó𣿡
ҶƽһҲǣ򹤵˻ũĶ࣬ղŵʻе㲻ʣλ˿϶ũģһŴǣڳԴϻб׼ģũνˣλ˵Ĵţһũġ
ү˶ĹˣҶƽʵ
ʮˣһֱ򹤣ڴˣ͵ûؼˡ˸̾һ˵
˵ĻҶƽʵ˼ң˰ɣ
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˵ĻҶƽеᣬũĺӴ඼ضͯûа취ǵĸĸҪ񸸱һ򹤣ΪҪΪеѰ
ƺԼؼұӵ龰ûиеģΪǿ˵İţûõģֻҪúõĻţ
˵ǱɣӣҶƽ֪򹤣ɵ˺һˣͣԲӣȻԵúᣬλ˾ܲϣһڹϴ򹤵ʱǵôܹأ
ûݵĸ
Ҷƽ鼫ΪӺͳأԼĿչ˶GDPܸıһУǾͶԲסԼ飬ƽ壬Ҫ˵õӦõģЩڹϰ࣬ӦһĸûС
ҪıһУҪܴŬŬ򵥣Ҫִƣṹ֣ظıһУ˶ܵĸ￪ĳɹȻһЩˣȻкܶʵϲûиıˣǲƽġ
ҶƽǺںڵţԼڵļǲõЦݣԺ϶ûЩԽԽҪǸ裬ΪǿӦߵĶ


1072 λ
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ҶƽʱͻȻԱһɨĳվԱߵǰ˼ţֱɨ˹ȥ˼æ˿ʲôҲû˵
ҶƽһԱҲʵڲòɨʲݰˣˣһۣ˵ģһˣóǲˡ
΢Цſ˿еϣȻҶƽһЦݣǵڴǮʱͻȻ֮ɷˣæҡ
Ҷƽһʵүôˣ
˾ǽصǮҲˣҷĶȥˣ
˾صңͷĴ󺹣ӣҶƽҲǸеżǮˣ˿϶ἱˣ˱æο˵үȱ𼱣úõһңڱĵطˣ
ģҷŵúʵģᶪģô찡˼תһҲ˵Χۡ
ӣҶƽе˵Ǯܶˣǲ֪ԼˣǱ͵ˣ͵ˣǾһصΰ¼ڸô죿
һ룬Ҷƽ̴绰ܶһ£ǲǱ͵Ҫһ棬˺пܻ⡣
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Ҷƽ㰲οˣȲҪżһᾯģҪ˿ܿϣ㿪ʼƽԱеȺھͿʼ˵ǮһС͵͵ˣվĵطС͵Ƕࡣ
ǵۣҶƽǲ˵һܶҴҵشˣҶƽ󣬱˹һҶƽ˴˽һһҪǲڻվǮʧģܹĵػصȥ
Ҷƽǰѳܶһ˵ĻΧ۵˲֪£˵Żʱ򣬴޺÷ˣһҶƽǼҴҵ˵ƽƭˣ
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û뵽ַ£ҶƽһθоԼôʧܣԼôһĿȴܹܺС£ղ˿ܱ͵ڴ޺÷ǱƭôУվطȫΰĵطȫΣ
Ҷƽһ£һó̰ܶž޺÷£һ˰ٺãҲǮﶪˣǧǮ˻ؼң̻صίᣬо飬ǵðѻվΰòɡ
ڻȥ·ϣҶƽһԼûйעЩ飬һҲǶĹеǹģίǹܺ۵ģԹ˾ûоӦΣҲ
ίԺҶƽð칫֪ͨгһƽԼֳͨǿίȼصԱίᣬܶȻҪμӵġ
һƽӵ֪֪ͨôͻȻҪٿ飬첻ȥôͻȻӣѵѧԱǳʲôˣ
һƽίԺίԺҶƽѾȴˣȵ֮󣬱˵ٿһʱ飬ǳټ˲࣬Ҫоһ£վΰͳ⳵⡣վһеĴڣڶ࣬ԱӣվܱߵҲһܷĵطԽֵطԽײɹɹƭ͵ɶ˶Уΰ˺ܴӰ죬ҪгΣ˵һ˵ʲô
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һƽһ˵վΰ⣬ΪǳҪطӣȺУضһȲҶҪгΣȫͬⷽĹҪ鷳ܶץһץˣذѻվΰһκá
ܶڻίίίһƽǵܶʱȻǸеţϣҶƽˣֳ£еЩͷöˣ֪ҶƽûʧȥΣͲôֱҪκûվΰˡ
˸һĻܶ˼Ҳû˵ʲô֮˵վһΰҸоҪλվܱߵЩط˵һЩܴ̾ţźܴ棬˭ڻվǸط⣬ǶһˣЩһЩ´ӦЩˣطͻԻվΰһܺõãֻǴܵķʵ𲻵ʲôãΪ޷ģ֪ʲôʱǻ֣ǻվܱߵȴǿԽεģÿܹĵطס޳Է
һ˵꣬Ҷƽǵ˵ͷ޺÷ľ̼ҸƭˣЩ̼ҿ²Ǽô򵥣ܿ֯ķŻЩˣûվΰ׺ת
վһȽϼеĵطĵطᣬҪطɣ漯еĵطһҪһ̬ȣǾǱҪȺڵ棬һЩΥӲ񣬾ȡ棬ʵЩ漯еĵطкܶ࣬һҪץסҪìܣݺݵشЩΪƻΪ˵⼸˽н裬гǳ𱬣ЩûΥӴڣҿҲҪע⣬㸺Ľ裬ȥҲҪһûг¢гΪڣֻҪڣҾҪҪһõгЩεгվһСᣬǰѻվ鴦ˣ鴦Ҳоˣֳܶµ㹤ȡһỰҶƽһ룬Դ˵
һҶƽĻϱʾȥԺͽŲ飬һûܶȻϴӦҶƽҪȥⷽĹȻҶƽһֱƺΪֳܶûгƺǣǳܶȴһֱûоκβ֮


1073 ۵
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ͨϵǧ򻧣ĹһҲãһ˵ľϰյ棬ϰջͬܵģƽʱҪȥҪȥͳҪȥ⳵ûиͬܣǱϰջǵģǰʱȺڷӳͼһǣ⽻ͨķñǣ;;Ŀͳǣͼ۵ˣ⳵ͨȴǲΪʲô
ͼһǣЩϰǱŰ취ظǼۣͼ۵ˣû˹ûˣϰȥҲûãϰֻóưͿعŵһֱ֣ȺڵĮģ²ؼ߸߹˽ϰûȣϰվͷʲôΪûоη֮ģûȺʶûдϴϿ⣬ЩȥС£˵Ǵ£ֻҪϵǧ򻧵鶼Ǵ£жСǶҪ߶ӡ
ͨһҪΣҪǼ۽ƺ֤ƣϰղϰղ벻˵Ҹ˲ͿˣҪԺʹԣҪʽ֤һǼۻᣬʲôΪǵ͵ϰΪûʶϰնЩǳУûиͬܣϰУһеһ쵼ҪȥȺֹĸĸҵҪĸҵĸȥһȺڵ
ֹܽģҪȥһ¼ҳ飬ѧѲѣûշѵʦûΪѼҳҳʾʦЩȺڷǳĵ飬ȫϰյָͬܵУֻҪϰոܵǵģǵˣϣʶ⡣
ҶƽԽͨһЩӣǿеҶƽ˵ͷ϶ðˣͨûдðΣҶƽ˵֮ǿϱ̬ʾҪѽͨá
˿Ҷƽ˵ЩǸŷڵĹϸ˵ίӦܵ飬һҪӹԣܵȵ쵼ˣȥͺģϰտ϶ǲģǵ쵼ɲһҪʲôҪʲôǴҪģ˴绰ϵ㣬ȥȾƣ϶ǴҪģĳλȺڴ绰㣬ĳСˮͣˣԲˮҪģֻҪ漰Ⱥڵ飬漰Ⱥڵ鶼Ǵ飬Ҫ飬ǲ˰ߵˣһӵȾƵĵ绰ʲô¶ŵһȥˣ쵼ɲǲ粻Ҫ˷ѹҵʳƻ󣬽ǱҪǿȺȵĿˣô
Ҷƽֽ⣬ҶţҶƽֱָҪ˵ҵĿˣҶƽᵽ飬˭Ҫעˡ
飬ҶƽɢᣬǰѸһƽҪ͸һƽ˵һЩ£ղҶƽʱһƽҲûв廰еҶƽȷʵڲͬЩҶƽҽ˵Ų˵˵׵ˡ
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һƽһҶƽǺ˵£˵ҶǣȫûԵ㣬ԼҪ𣿡
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Ҷƽ֮󣬱еƣʲô鶼ҪȥȻеƣͬʱҲе֣ΪΪϰһЩˣֵֿĸоһ޷ĵġ
ܶɢԺ󣬱ȥйãذҶƽҪѻվΰκãȡȫȫĻվ
ǿȥԺǰѳ⳵νйݺݵһ٣ϲȡҶƽǮĳ⳵ҳ̿в鴦һ棬ְѹͳİ칫νй̾н֤ᣬݵǰͼͳƱá
һ˵飬ͳξͲ֪ô£Щ˹ϵǼʱƶģҪԸƶˣһǿҪۣʾҲǣۿ²ʣ
ǿһžһӣ⻰ȥҶ˵ȥ칫ǲǲˣ㲻ɣһأƨȫЩ˹˾ǱȥˣҪǲԸ㣬ñ˸㣡
˰θһ֪ʲô飬ǿôĻ𣬶һᵽҶǣѵίǣ
֣˵Ҫôһͷȥˡ˰æӦ
˿ǿ֤ᣬѼ۸ǰˮƽע⣬㲻ҪڱСҲڱС۸񽵲ʣ
һҪǰˮƽ˰Ϊѵ˵֣۸Ҫǽǰǲ̫ˣ۶ǣŪãЩ˹˾˰չô죿
ǸҰչǰɣǿһ˵
ǿµӣ˰̽˵֣ǰչʲô¼ǸýˣϰȻԹƱûǲʲô¼ҪǺˣ
˰һ˵ǿһӸŪˣЩ˹˾˺Ž£ˣǰչ᲻Ӱ쵽Ȼ˵Ҷƽŵģ˰չ¼Ҷƽ᲻أ
ǿ˰αֽ˵֣ǲ߸ʽȻ˵Ҳͬ⽵ۣԽһЩǧܸ˰


1074 ߷
˿˰εĻǿ˰죬ȴûͬ⣬ΥҶƽּ⣬ӿ˰εĻ˼ȥ˵ˣŪ˰죬ɶҲûиı䣬ҪҶƽ֪ˣǿ϶ְпܡ
һ룬ǿ˰βɿ飬Ųÿ˰β飬ɴԼץɡ
ѧԱһȥ˽˽֮󣬶һЩ⣬ΪֲĻ˵ûȥУ˻֮󣬶ǽһݴĴ
ٲһˣû뵽ã˽еëȫˣҶƽҪʧˣ˵Ľ벻νԻĲɣ
ٲһʱȵҶͨ˽õһЩ֮󣬸УټһٴνѧϰҶƽȻҲҪμӣҷ㱨Ҷƽţ֪һһͨзֵ廨ţҽơʳƷͨȸ涼Ƿ⣬ⶼͨϰ֮ڵõģһ黹רᵽ˽ͨǵ⣬ҶƽոհŹġ
Щ⣬ҶƽеԼȷʵѹҲҪлҰ⣬ٲʮֵĵ⣬ҶƽǶˣѧϰģȴǱ̵ˣҶƽѹɽ˰ɡ
˿Ҷƽٲеǳĵ⣬ҲǷ⣬ֵ齲ʱٲרŷһ£˵ˣָ˽ڵʧʹôҸе˽С
˴ҵĻ֮Ҷƽǵʾǳл˽зô⣬ЩȻȥȽСȴϰյϢϢأһҲǰĹûλЩ⣬ڴҸгȷʵһǳ£ѴҵռһԽ
ҶƽǫرʾҪģ̬ȣѧԱеǳʵڻ㱨֮ǰҲǸо˼˼˽ĵ̣˼ס˼ҵģѧϰ˼ҵģָ˼̣˵ЩѧУҪûа취һҶƽôǫرʾܣ̹ơ
һҶƣٲоﲻΣҶƣҲûа취
УܽᣬΪҶúܺãַͨʽֲܷٵ⣬˵ի伲ЩСһ֦һҶܹ顣ЩԱѲˣҪ˽ʵΪǵȷṩͨĵУͬʱҲ˵ٺãڣﲻҪ˽еĹֻѴңڽĹһҪעС⡣Ҷƽͬ־Ĺĺܺãҷ⣬Ƕһְҽ֮ԻһλʵҶƽͬ־Ľ飬ӦΪҶƽһĹơ
û뵽УҶƽٲԱ˸ǲˣѵУ˽дô
У껰֮󣬱ʾεѧϰˣؾȥҶͷʾͬ⡣
Ҷƽɢ֮רҵУʾУ죬Ѵһ£ðŴģҶƽϵӣУͬˡ
ڶ죬תϽϽβɻ˸УһУУ˽βͨβɱʾ϶ôҴ˽ѧϰ˶ͬʱҲ໥ѧϰ
βɻ󣬴ҶȫصˣֻҶƽ˽˽ԺҶƽٿίί飬ѧԱǷֵȫڵϣеĳίгһһ⣬ҶƽӣҶеЩţҲ⣬ôѧԱǰҶƽܲջ
ҶƽȻѧԱϷǳǫ飬ѧԱˣ̾Ͳˣڻҵ룬һ࣬ʲôǫģô⣬˭ȫȥ
ЩίгǣݸԵķֹȫ˻ȥɫҲÿǰ˻ȥ֮Ҷƽ˵Ǵҿһ֪һһʱǵ˽еĹչٶȿ죬Ⱥڵˮƽߣʵأô࣬˼һǶǿģûиұ¶Ǹ⣬˵ʲô˵ƽʱĹûãû룬ڱ֣ȥץ⣬С͸ˣǵʽ塢Ķ̫࣬ûʱμǵּʼհȺڵڵһλȥǣ˼Ұǰҳˣ
ǻû⣿϶еģֻûз֣֮ûз֣Ϊǹû룬Щ쵼ɲƽʱû»ȥ˽ҿЩⲻȫиҪھԣڿʼҪΪһµ߷ûδ߷òģͷ¶棬ʵʵڵ߷ãᳵӣ׼飬׼ǵרϰôУôУϰôԷôԷȫһϰյʳסУǰûзֹ⡣
ȺȺȥǵĹԭҲǵĹǾ͵õʵǸδ߷ûҪɣԲ˭߹ܰƵȥΪҶʡܸɲҶԾԣ߷ˣҪֵؼɲһһ߷ãһҪͷǲͷ˾Ͳٸˣ˼Ȼѧϰģʲô壿ίͬ־רŸɵ⣬ﲻǲŴңҪұʾҪδ߷õľģ˭һƽгʼҪȥѧϰһͰθϣʲôֱӸᣬʲôҲֱӸ˵Ǵ߷ûҪ㡣
ЩѾ¶⣬˭ֹܵ˭ҪһֻͷʹҽͷʹҽţҪȥ⡣ǸͳƱǼ۵⣬ҪΪʲôûڲᣬΪĳЩԣûиܵ⣬ίͬ־ҪϣһҪžٴγѵˮʽؽ⣬һҪȫʿôҿһˣܽһƤϾͿˣöĶǾ
ҲҪһһǶ׼ۿۣ˾ĵģҲҪ¾ģɸɾ£װˣܶԵƨµλãˣҾͽô࣬ʲô⣬Եͬо
Ҷƽһô࣬˶ĬǸеҶƽҪķǳϣǱҪȥ˽ǿ϶ǸеģڸڶԿҶƽһ룬Ǿòң


1075 ֳ
ҶƽŴҵд߷ãȫӵ̵õʡί֧֣ʡί칫רŴ绰˽ί칫ңǰεĴ߷ûγһݼ򱨣ʡί칫˵β뿴һ
˽ί칫һҵϱҶƽҶƽȻǰǰдȻ󱨸ʡȥ˽е쵼ɲ˵ʡͷԴҲӣβʾЩͷ뷨Ҳʵȥӱˡ
ֳͨǿҶƽָʾȥ۸֤ᣬ׼ۣһҪãԷ˺ܴ£ٿ֤죬ö˶ˣԵú֡
ǿԱùûֳ֤ỹûпʼ˾ȻⳳĵȻǿ˹˾ˣһЩӪ˵˾ϰڻ᳡￪ʼһӾͱˡ
һң̱ǿǿһæ˹׼ֳò׿ֳͻȻ˱棬֣ǿ߳һһ˴ź齵ۣҪȡ֤ᣬԼмʮԱ
һеңǿŰǸȰߣЩԱר֯ģĻôһңԱۼԽԽ࣬ʧصΣա
ǿоأʶ⣬㼱æ绰ͷ㱨άίӦӵ绰Ȼҵæл㱨žǱ浽Ҷƽ
Ҷƽڼ˼죬׼뿪˽ȥǣһӵı棬Ȼ޷뿪ˣ֪ͨܶȻֳ֤
Աȷʵ˲٣ȫۼ·ʲôȺ¼ǳңһˣҶƽеЩǻ쵰Ǽ۵ʱһٸԸ⣬ҪˣƻЩ˳һˣǲǮ׬ˣԼ˲ˣ
Ҷƽֳǿæ㱨һ飬Ļ㱨Ҷƽʵû˽֯ûеõԤ
ǿڲûеõԤ
ǿһۣҶƽʵǾûзԽ۵ģ
ǿһ뵽˿˰Σһȴ˵û˷ԣû˵ġ
ҶƽЩһǮͨϰղһ϶˽֯Ǿͷ˵֧֣Ȼǲһף֪ͨ˹˾ľϵ
ǿæ绰˹˾˹˾ǹҵӪ˳˽˵ģ˹˾˵绰ֳ֮Ҷƽ
Ҷƽһ˵Щ֯ģ
˹˾æϵû֯Էġ
ô֪ԷģǲǶ˽⣿飬ҪҪΣҶƽ
˹˾һ޹ӣҽҶƽĻҶƽֿ˿˵뿪׬ǮʱûǸʲô£һۣűŶԿдҴô£
˹˾ΪѵصҶǣǲҵô죿
ҶƽľͳְǼ۵ʱôڽˣôˣһ飬ʣ
˹˾ϵĺðˣֻôӦҶƽҪȥȰ˵ЩԱͬʱܶŴؾֳֳֹʧء
ȵ˹˾뿪Ҷƽǿһۣ˵÷ǳãίҪ£Ⱥڵжָϣʹ£ҲҪʲôֻҪίҪ죬ίġ
һҶƽ˵ǿеԼǳжһҶƽҶǣͻȻþĿ˰ƺνһĵִұƲ飬֪¼ûйء
һ飬Ҷƽ̧ͷһۣžʹ绰ί־һˡ
־ӵ绰֮Ҷƽһ£ɼίˣһ½ͨڲԱǷ˴¼йᣬϳͲ
˹˾󣬼æͷµ˽飬ǲҪȥһʼȻǲӣҪȥһʱؾѾڿƣԲǼȥǽҪ˹˾򽻵˹˾ģǽûˡ
һ뵽ˣЩ˽һ£˹˾һҪҪ󽵼ۿԣǲ̫ܽ࣬ӦǾɢȥ
ԭǲӦۣڴӦٵ㣬˹˾һȥҶƽ棬˵ǵҶƽ˺ֱ˵ǣʲôܴӦӦǣǽ󳢵ͷˣôǣ뿪ͨͨץ
ҶƽϽЭЩ˽һĿΪԼľӪ棬ǵĿĵóˣԺǼˣʩѹϰտܿȥʱϰҲǼۣˣһҲӦǵġ
˹˾ֻȥЩˣҪˣץ뿪ǲܴӦģһӦǣЩ˱ԼϹȥˣ˰ɶҲûеõǲԸ뿪˹˾ûа취ֻҶƽ档
ҶƽְؼЪŰɣȻǿȥֱӶԻٲͬ⣬̲ȡϴʩ
ǿæЩˣڱȥ˭ȥ˭е˹˾ѾְԸȥֺˡ
˹˾ְ£ЩһӱЩɵۣǶģӦǵģһЩС˱ǰ뿪ˡ
ǻһЩ̵ȻﲻԸ⣬ǿعһҶƽҶƽָʾܶץˣЩ˲ȡʩ֪ɵ
ܶӵһ£ֳȻ̲ߵˣȫߣֳָ
һָҶƽѽֵͨ쵼ӳԱȫټǽѵ󣬿ίǹˣһЩš
Ҷƽ˿ǣǴ˵췢£ӰǳӣͨûнӵԤûгֹƵĴڣʧְģͨҵ漯֮أҴ漯֮صУһҪѵͷԣʱ̰ȺڵͷʱƱΪʲôҪǣ˭ǵģҪ壬ûڰݺ֧Щ˹£ҲҪ壬дκ棡ϣܹһĵ飬࣡
Ҷƽ˻һǿоܽţʵ֪Ҷƽ֮˵ҪдҪγһִ˵գΪһί룬ȥ̵档


1076 ±˵
ҶƽڽֵͨĻϣ˽ֵͨĹеĽͨ쵼ӸܵѹֵͨĹǣ÷չͬʱҲǣȺڵҲѹɽҶƽһǣǸǸеסˡ
ǿȵõҶƽĿϣ浹ǰοһЩҶƽ֮󣬱Ǽٿ飬ҶƽҪٽǿҶƽúøҪҶĹȫģȷκε⡣
Щ쵼вɲǣһؿǿоڵЩأίΪ˹˾˾¶ˣհìͷ׼˽֣ͨͨǵùˡ
˰оر𲻰˾Ϸ£˵ʵڵ֪飬ΪǿĽ飬ԹޣΪ˰˹˾ʮеϵͷҲſ˹˾ģǿҪ󽵼۵Ϊʮֲ
ˣ֪˹˾˾ҪϷ֮ûǿκλ㱨˵ξǱȽϵĴҶƽͨˣʮ֪᲻ǣ
ǿʵѾעֻǻûüίл㱨ȵԺ־ҶƽָʾżίѾͨнǢ˫̸һСʱȻǿ绰ÿ˰ιһ¡
˰νӵ绰ԺǸ˹֪ʲô£ǵǿİ칫֮󣬼ί˱ǰеһ칫ȥйؿ˹˾Ǽ۵飬˽
һίҪ׷ⷽ飬˰θһԼίԱʣæΪԼ⣬֮󣬼ίԱû˵ʲôȥˡ
ʵӣ˰γһȻصԼİ칫ңæŶԲߣί˵鵽ͷˣڸô찡Ȼ뿪ˣ˭֪һʲô
ί뿪֮󣬱飬ղŲǼҪ˽һȻְߣÿ˰λȥɡ
ίΧſ˹˾˾Ϸһȫչ飬ǹĵ飬֮ˣÿ˰Ҳ֪ô£һ֮󣬼ί˿ʼѿ˹˾˰λһȫˡ
ί˾Ͱ˴˫棬鴦ڽͨ䷽ְܵ⡣
ʱҶƽѾ뿪˽˾ǣ˾֮󣬽ӵ־ı棬ѽְͨӵĲ鴦ͨһ£Ҷƽʾ⣬صĺҪЩصõ
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±˵һֱھǻǺԭһ㽻ʱҲŷҶƽнӴĽһϵȻһļˡ
ӵĽĵ绰֮Ҷƽ׼±˵ýϵھǵһ棬֮ǰѾ֮Ȼ࣬Ҷƽ໥ӵһ¡
ӵ󣬳±˵ñǱú⣬ҶƽģҺžƣҶƽһЩҶƽʲôʱȥ˽ȥͶʰǻ黶ӭġ
ҶƽĻ±˵ñʾͶʲ⣬ֻҪʱʵȥͶʵģҪͶʵũҵ˽չũ塣
ͶũҵЧ̫ûл뵽ͶũҵģҶƽĻоʲô˼Щĥֺþܾĺ⡣
ֻģĽҲЦ˵˵ĿģҲǸ㲻壬ھͿҶƽܴܲﵽĿġ
극ƣҶƽ±˵ȥ裬ȥ±˵úϲһڣɤﳪһרŽ
Ҷƽӣܸоʲô鱨ԱԱôŵκﳪȥֲӣΪеαװԻ˾Ͳˡ
Ҷƽ±˵ϵ±˵ƺҲǲ˺ܴȤڣ±˵ϵһԷԼ̸һЩ顣
Ҷƽһһᣬ˵±˵ûᱩ¶ʲôȥһ֮Ҷƽǽһ˻֮󣬳±˵ͻȻŮˣŮ˳÷ǳƯȻҶƽһΪŮ˲ÿǿŮ˻ʮֵƯǳʡ
Ů֮󣬳±˵ñкǹһ˺ȾƣҶƽһûŮ˴ڿ𷢱۵ŮˣԵЩ
˿Ҷƽ±˵ЦҶߵĶ˹ŮɷǳƯǺȾƣһܺá
ҶƽȴЦһȲǺܺ𣿺αҪڳ
±˵΢ЦǲͬûŮţȾƶû˼һֱϲŮˣҵ
ҶƽǺһЦˣ˵ǳֱӡ
±˵ÿҶƽһ۵˵һǳֱӣô꣬úһˣҾһ£Լٽʳɱ
ҶƽǺЦʲôӾýǶ˼𣿡
±˵õȻǸʲôоóɱڵģǲӾýǶȥ˼ǵ涼Ϊ⡣
ҶƽЦ˵Ļһ˷ѳɱ𣿡
±˵òЦҶһʮĬģǲܹ⿴ɱҪˣǵĶǳãֲЧҲǺܸߵġ
ҶƽЦȻӾýǶ⣬ôЧҲԵģЩ˵Ч棬һЩпܾǳɱûκμֵҾǶ˵ûмֵ
±˵۾ҶƽҶϲŮˣ
Ҷƽһ۵ϲϲ飬Ǹ˵ĵ⣬Ů˿ϲǲ̫ģ˵ǰɣ
±˵òЦ˵㽲ĺܺãǲ̫ģǷ곡ϷǿԵİɣȻ֪ǹԱмԼ㣬Ҳ˵ߵĹԱ˽ҲǰһЩŮˣƺûӰ쵽ǵ෴ûУ˼ҿ𡣡
±˵˵飬ҶƽеԻĵ˽ǱȽڵĹٳЩңеĹԱ԰СΪ٣ûа˷ñ˾ûб£ֵߵǷǹǸһˡ
Ҷƽһ룬Ц˵ֻձĹ۵Щƫˡ
±˵һЦҶĹԱĲһҿǶûôе½ɣǷ곡ϷѣҶϷα̫أ
о±˵ƺڸһЩ˿ĲСӣڸʴԱȻ֪ǲԱƾһ㣬Ҫˡ


1077 һŮ
±˵һҶƽҪһЩ֪һıڲҪܵĹƻ󣬶Ҫϵõʵ顣
һ룬ҶƽЦȻǻĵ˽ⲻ٣ҷǳҶŮ˲ȤһϲǻĵŮˣ
±˵ɫһͻȻ֮ЦԭҶϲŮˣ˵ҸٽиŮ
һָһߣͷһ£߳ȥһ߽һͤͤŮˡ
Ҷƽȥһ˵СͰ׹ǷǳƯĻôŮֱ󼶵ļƷΪʵ̫ͬˣһַ³У˶һ˸޷Ů˵
ŮƮҶƽߣȻһִֻҶƽļϣһ˫ˮ۾ҶƽĿ߶֮ɫ֮
ϰ壬ãŮʽعҶƽһۣ΢ʴǡ
ϰźˣ±˵΢΢һЦܻؿҶƽһۣȻסŮˡ
ҶƽǣŮ˴ϵ֣һС
Ů˰Ҷƽϵĺƣָһ˵һơ
ŮɨһۣȻ΢΢һЦӹݹĸ߽űҶƽתһɱ
Ůһֻ޳ĸ첲žƱ۰¶棬ͬջ󣬰ѾƱطŵߣȻɨҶƽһۣҶƽ΢΢һЦһӣƱڡ
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Ҷƽ±˵˳ȥﲢûжűŮ˺ȾƣŮ˵ľƺҲܴһƣȽȥûκεķӦ
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ԼŮ˷һʲô£½ҪΪˣĿǰӦûзֳ±˵쳣֮Ͷû쳣㲻쳣
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С㲻һֱȥɣҶƽ걭о֮ЦŮ˵
Ů˷¾Ʊʲô˵ġ
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Ůһüͷ˵ұһº𣿡
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ҶƽȴЦ˽Ǳ߻ϣȥͶء
±˵Цû⣬ʱһȥͶʡ
˵һŮӻˣЦŵ˵ͷҶƽ˿ȥ˳ֺͳ±˵ôһк
ҶƽŮ߳⣬ȻŮԼĳӣȻųӱʻȥҶƽӣŮʵҪȥ
ҶƽҵסС㲻᲻Ըɣ
Ůæ˵ôأѾӦġ
ǾͺãȥɡҶƽ˵
Ӵҹ֮УҶƽ˴ԼһСʱʱһ棬һǰѳ˽ȥ
ҶƽŮһ˳ȻȥŮӲʵסﰡ
Ҷƽһ۵סɣ
ŮЦЦĲһõطھӵһطǮ
ҶƽЦЦû˵һ˽ȥƺˣûйأֱ˽ȥŮӷǳ죬Ӧû˲ǡ
ˣŮӼæʵ
ҶƽЦҵıķ棬ǽȥɣ
һǰһ˽ȥһ߽ȥҶƽߵһӣŮӸ˽ȥһ߽ȥҶƽȴǰŹϣؿ
ⲻҰŮɨһӣʵ
ҶƽĿ˵ʲôˣ
ŮһĮȻؿҶƽôˣҸպ
Ҷƽȴǿ㲻ҪװͿ㵽ʲôˣ
Ůһ޹˵Ǹģʲô㣬Ӧ֪ģϲңٰͻȥ
Ҷƽ·ҪĿ˸͸ŮȴûκξɫһᣬͻȻЦ˼ղҶˣɣС㣡
ŮͻȻظЦһ˵ˣ
תԱߵɳϣҶƽӣߵĸǰ˵Ѿ֪Ǹʲôˣ
ŮӲһ˵Ǹʲôģһֱ֪𣿡
ҶƽȴͻȻ˵ֱҲ֪


1078 
ҶƽɫһͻȻø࣬Ů⧲Ҷƽﲻ֪롣
ӣҶƽ߽˵Ǽһͷƣǳ±˵õˣǲǣ
Ůһ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôǸȷңҾǻ˰
ҶƽߵҸ㣬ʹǳ±˵õˣҲ£ֺͨңȴƭ˵ǻˣĲˣ˵ǲǰ
ŮͻȻ֮ĬҶƽߵߣȻͻȻȹӣŮȻһûֹҶƽЦЦƿȹ֮شóһȻŮӵǰʵʲô
Ůɫ䣬ĬҶƽЦǳ±˵ûǮİɣ˵˶Ǯ㰡ĿľΪɣ
ҶƽŮǰ˻е¼豸¼豸ǰŮӵĴϵģŮӿ֮󣬿˿Ȼ˵
Ҷƽ±˵һˣҽȴֶΣʵ̫ˣûгɹǲʲô궼òˣϣҽ۸֧ǮƣֻҪ
˵ŮԶһݣ˿Ҷƽƺ֪Ҷƽ⻰٣ҶƽҲͷóһǮŮǰǶʮ˵ɣô£
ŮӿǰһǮĿЩͣջǰŮԿܵģΪһŮӣȻ·ȫΪǮԵʣ֮Ի±˵ʶȻҲǮԵʣ֮ǰ±˵ҲزʶһżȻĻᣬ±˵ѣ˱ʶˡ
ʷǷһǺ飬±˵ĵ÷ǳȺߵʱһСѣȻϤˣ±˵ñæһЩ飬ȻǲٵģҲʲôա
˳±˵õɵؾĶˣͬݹֻҪԼŬͿԶõһǮĺҰһһǳȤ顣
±˵øһЩ˸źˣͬʱҪָʾһЩ¼Ӱ¼Ȼ󽻸˳һθǮ¼úûԼǮɲɣ
룬ʳ±˵ô˶Щʲôˣ±˵ñȫϵεˣԱǮˣԲֵͲεˣͲεҲǲ¼ӰģֻЩ߲ε˲Ż¼Ӱһ¡
˼һǴӦˣҲǷǳ̼ģοǮ׬˱Ҷƽ֮ǰѾ˵⣬ĹԱ˳¼ЩϴӰ񣬵Ȼȫڻ¼ģ͵͵¼ģǽҶƽֻ뷨¼ˡ
ҶƽʣŮӳĬһᣬеѾ¶ҶƽڴӦǮһ룬ҶƽԼʵĻϣҶƽҪ˺ҲҪıꡣ
Ҷƽ̸û⣬ֻҪԸ˵ʵ飬Ůһ룬ҶƽҶƽһ֮ǰӴĹԱ¼Ӱ˭
ŮӱӴĹԱ¼Ӱڳ±˵õһҶƽ侲һ룬˵ʵӦǳ±˵ʱӶˣǺͳ±˵һǾѵĸ鱨ˡ
רŸ鱨ˣӦԲˣҶƽһ룬˵±˵취ӺңҪ뷨Ըܲң
Ůʵôϣ
ҶƽϵʱԼ͸¼ˣãҵʱаţ
Ů֮һ룬˵Ըϡ
ҶƽǺãţȵϵʱ绰Լ棬Ҫţ𣿡
ŮæӦţҶƽŮȴ棬ϵֻʲôĶѼȻһ绰űˣǸŹһص㣬һ˸֪ǸʲôģҶƽԼҪסʲôľ
Ŵһ䷿˳Ҷƽ֮󣬱ǰѸղŵһ飬Գ±˵òȡʩץȻһΪʲôҪԱⷽ¼ӰȻ˵ЩԱǲãǳ±˵ר¼ǵӰǿɣѾҵɵķΧʹҵҲӦطӪģȻҪػĵķɣһЩعصװϷ
һҶƽ˵Ķԣ±˵õΪ̫ˣûв鵽ɵĵطڱе顣
ҶƽĽ飬űϽ˲𣬶ŮӽϣҹɫʼٵʱҶƽһ𣬿ųǰ±˵Լĵص㣬±˵˵¼Ҷƽһ¼Ǻܸ˵ظȥһ绰
˴γ±˵ר뷨¼ҶƽŮһʵҪģȻҲ¼һЩԱⷽ¼񣬵ҶƽרҪԵĶ󣬵һҪרŶ׼ҶƽˣҶƽϵĽӴֱҶƽŮӽнӴ
һӵĵ绰ͬҲܸˣһȥ¼Ӱͳ±˵øǰͷĵص㣬ŮҪ¼Ӱȥ
ŰŵҲǽ˳ҶƽŮӵ˵ص֮ҶƽתųˣŮǸطȴų±˵õĳ֡
ʮӣ±˵ùȻֻ֣Ů֮󣬼򵥵˵˾仰ǰŮӽȥ豸˹ȥȻ뿪׼ʧ
Ųṵ̂˲ȡжҪ±˵Ҫȥ׼˽飬ϾŮӲû¼ӰץϾͲðˡ
мų±˵ã±˵ýӹ豸Ժ˳ϳ֮û߶ãǰѳͣϹˣ˾Ȼųһǰһǰȥ
ŵ˿ٸ±˵ñǺһų±˵ھǵһסʻȥ±˵õסԶֻһͨľ¥ʱס
˵˾¥֮󣬱һ˳¥ȥڳ±˵õסʵѾˣֻûץʲô֤ݣȥڿ±˵һһ˾¥ű㰵зԸڴ˴ҵ˼ǿע⡣
֪±˵ûȥ֮󣬲鿴¼ӰĻ϶ɣҪŻᣬסѲ飬ڵ
̽˰ţ±˵ú˼æڻصס鿴¼Ӱ򿪷ź˸սݣ±˵ò򿪷ʲô£˾˵ˮѵģþûˮѵģ±˵һʱû룬ǰѷҲ˿
һʱŰŵ˱ǳ˽ȥͻȻ±˵ȻûԤϵһʱеͷˣͷûӦжĶԱܻ


1079 
жԱץסȻһʱЩȦзöԱһٲʵǣܣһʱұ¶ݣֻ־ܡ
һˣ±˵ҲֻͶͷȴǲͣŵô£װ޹ӡ
˴ȥ֮жԱʼڽѲ飬һѲ飬жԱڳ±˵õѲ˴ģͬʱڵԵ淢Ѿϴ¼Ӱ̰һֱ˸š
ѲϺԱѺ칫أųȥˣһ棬ű㷢֣װʶȥʳ±˵á
±˵ʼձʾ֪ô£ǲץˣĻȹͶʵģ˵űذЩӵǰôʹ¡
Щģ±˵Щɵۣһ룬ʾΪھӪҪһЩԱİȻǽץǵİѱҪЮΪԼ¡
˵һʵ飬ŵΪʲôҪ¼Ӱȥʲôԭһʵ⣬±˵ñǲ˵ˣ漰⣬ڲûش
ش⣬űʵ׼ڻİεɣԸϵĻûصȥ
Ÿŵӣ±˵ＤҵĶţŵĻһţǲŸŵģܻú㣬ʧȥɺõ֮ǰȷʵ񣬶ҵ˹Ժ󣬰ϼָʾչͻȻøŵ˸ץסˣôأ
ó±˵һʱ᲻ȫͶת£ôһ£ǲǺһģ
±˵һæʾǣѹϵȷʵᣬûʲôŰŮӽͷƬ˹ڸʲôΪʲô
Ըŵһʣ±˵øоԼð˺벻Լøŵ˸ˣҶƽûܵ¼Ӱε飬ץˡ
͸¶һʵŽнףȡԼĴᴦһ룬ͰȫƵͷϣ߸ţЩʵָʹģЩζ֣Ϊʲôṥ֪Կ϶£һٲҲ˴£йء
һŴһô·ǳشȻᾳԱЩ飬ٲΪ˹ζҲ˽ǳش󰡣
һ룬ʱŹ˳±˵ãȥ߽ڣʲôʱѲ˵
ʮţžƣΪʲô±˵ýк͵ĹԱ¼Ӱζ֣Ŀĵʲô
һо±˵Ѿ϶ʱϵûе飬û飬±˵ýѹϵ
ſϣ˵ڳ±˵ָ㣬˵㰲£ıҲ˭жһΪͬѹֻҪϱȥٴıҲûãҲ㣬ңĸ磬Ҳˣ
оŶϤʱ˵Ҳˣûָʹ±˵Щ飬±˵ЩӦǶģ֪鱨ˣкҲĿģ޷໥鱨ﵽǵĿġ
һ˵Ȼһ˵ҲǸʲôģ
߻ܣȨֱ߼쵼Ȩô꣬ҪǱǶ±˵þʶģڻȻҲŸ鱨
˵ӣһ˵ĻҪкʵڳ±˵Ѽǵ鱨ûϱǷôľŰץ񣬼ʹҲǲԵģҳ±˵ָͼıνͣ
ĹƣȫƵҵͷϣֻҶƽͻȻܻ˵˵Ҷƽ
˭ĸҶƽһ˵
оԼ˵©죬־øſܲʶҶƽɥص㲻ʶҸٲͷֻһһŮɫǰܲܰյסղסǾ˵־ᶨһùԱҾһĿġ
ؿһ˵˱˿ɳ֮±˵Щ¼Ӱȫ˹⣬Щ¼Ӱһ⣬ΪжǵİӣɺܻӰ죬ڿ˵Լѵ
Զԣſһۣعͷȥʳ±˵ãٴԳ±˵õʱ򣬳±˵õƽ࣬ûиղŵĻˣ˿һ˵±˵ã㻹ʲôûнģΪʲôҪǻ
±˵ÿͻȻôһӣһʾֻһˣ¼Ӱ¶ָʹģҲֻΪ˺棬ѿģûʲô˼
ſԼ飬ƬԼһ±˵ýӹ󣬱㿴˽ͷļͷΪøŵȫˡ
ȵ꣬˵ͨ﹫˾ǻĵĸ߹ܣϵŷǳеϵƺûʲôҵϵѻĶͷ˾
͵һʣ±˵ýŲѣæ߸ţ˵ֻԼʱʶѣ˵͵һӣǲǹûĳԱǲǴͼıĵģ
һûԱ֣±˵ɫɷףоԼ˸ױ¶ˣû˵
ſظѾĹûԱڹڻǵĿļΪѺãǹûԱܼû鱨ǳУ̽ǵ鱨ŵ߸ǵĹңǲ
ŵĻó±˵޷ش𣬿ش𣬸ŵǵΪѾ¶Ϊǲ֪ǵ٣û֯Ȩһŵǹ˷ˣѵܵó㲻ǹûĵײ㣬𲻵ʲôãֻΪǴ򹤣ǽϣǾͷŹ㣬㿼һ¡
˸ŵĻ±˵Ĭһ̧ͷʵôϣϣһõĴ
ſ˿˵ֻҪǲôʲôľˣϣǰͨ﹫˾ĸ߹ܸǵҪȥ
һҪ󣬳±˵һ˵ҿ԰æ޷ԼˣҲʲô
ȴ˵Լֻǵһһ
˸ŵĻ±˵òԣñŽˣȻҪٲĺˣҪǵġ


1080 ͻ
ó±˵ýͨ﹫˾ĸ߹ܸԼԼĿģҪ뷨ףΪͨ﹫˾ĸ߹ܲʲôˣöץ滹ǣĺ֮Ĺϵͨ﹫˾ĸ߹ܱһˣ±˵־µ˻һҪ봦ûȷ֤ݡ
ڹûֳԱԴ鱨ȥԴͨ﹫˾ĸ߹ܣֻҪľͿˣҪкʵɣûɿ϶ģĻӰ쵽ĺ֮ľóϵ
ȻҪֱҲûɵģϾץзİѱ뷨뿪Ĳǡ
ó±˵ľ飬뷨ͨ﹫˾ϹܣɫţȶܲȻͻٻȥˡ
ҪﵽĿģؼ±˵Ҫϣǿ϶ɲģҪó±˵Ӧ
±˵óĿǣӦҪ󣬶ڴӦ֮󣬸ͬⲻκϵ׷ߣϾ±˵õΪҲһΥΪʹһָʹ͵¼ӰҲΥġ
±˵̸Ժ󣬸ŽͽܲȻȥɣ±˵ǽųԼĹ
ڴ֮󣬱ǸҶƽȥһ绰ӵĵ绰Ҷƽôˣ±˵Ƿ񽻹ˣ
ûийس±˵õ飬ǰ˵ҶƽһȻڹڳ֣ҳԸԼⱳٲ̫ˣ
ҿԼ֪±˵õ£Ϊ˽ӽ±˵òŮһģҪȻżɱּԼܲܿƵסҲǲ˵顣
һ£Ҷƽ˽һ֪ܲȥˣҲݣƺܿͷųĻٲ˻ŶԸǲУ㱨һ¡
Ҷƽ⣬ٲƷʴ⣬ԭȻìܣҲٲһΪĸɲҲǵ󣬸ҴҸɣھȻ˵Ϊ˴ﵽĿĻ᲻ֶΣ˸λ²ǹ֮취ֹٲĽһǨ
Ҷƽ뷨ȵϵʱֱƽԶƽԶ㱨飬ƽԶҲ쵼֪ῼһô
ƽԶļ֮Ҷƽ㱨һ飬һ˵Ȼ£ƽԶǷǳȻû뵽ٲϾǸ߼ɲˣôּ˵£ҶƽĵҶƽ;ͻֹˡ
ƽԶһķŭùһ£Ҫ¶ôǾͲˡ
ҶƽƽԶʮַŭӣû˵ʲôýƽԶſԣûܹܵ£ȻøŽֻܲҪһ棬϶ûˡ
ƽԶһ룬Ҷһ飬Ļٻٲһ塣
ƽԶ֮Ҷƽؽѧϰ±˵ˣӴ±˵ÿ϶ǲеˣȥѧϰɣɵУѧϰ
УҪÿһѧԱҪŪһоҶƽһ룬Ǿоһصľƣβܼʱ⣬βܼʱнĻƶغҵλ̫ҪˣоһЩǵһǳõ顣
ЩѧУо⣬ѧУ˵󣬾ǳãͬ˺һ룬Ҷƽһо⡣
˵ҲǲһоĻǳ鷳ԺʹشӦҶƽҪԼһо
ڵУѧϰоҶƽʱõһЩƽ˽ҲûȫӿһƽЩ黹Ҫ棬Ҫġ
ɲ߷õڿչݱһг߷м䣬ûкú߷ãҵ֮쵼һȾ֣һֳˡ
Ȼ飬ҶƽӸһƽӵҪ飬ҪдˣȻһͻ鷳
Ҷƽæٻص˽˽صθһƽתйһʵô¡
󣬱г߷ãȻϳϯᣬ쵼ŵᣬϯ䣬ܹа˸ˣ˰ƿę́һһƿȻͷҲкȶģٵģǸũҵֵľֳȵþЩ֮࣬Լؼң˼ûôע⣬ڶ峿һѾˣֵίȥˡ
õԺҶƽ߷Ŀȥ飬ͨϰһгȴ쵼нӴһһȾƣȻȾƻȳˣôģ
ҶƽȰѸһƽ˹ɫܲõؿ˿ΪڼҵίˣΪʲôû֯ô߷õĻ£νд
ҶƽӣһƽҲǲýˣҶƽڼңڼﰴҶƽķԸںˣȷʵýΰͷϣȻҲǲԸģϾûвȾƣгҲǹܲţҲûð
һƽû磬Ҷƽϯȫְڵʱس³ȥˣûȥίǳϯˣίǾ͵ְسǡ
һƽҶƽҪûκηأʾҶƽҪ£ҶƽٿίίᣬоԴµĴίίóĳǣµίǾ͵ְԱȫְгؾĴֽ֣ʡί׼
ҶƽѸٶϵش⣬棬г쵼ԱҶƽĻôԱˣòôֻѸٴֳЧЩȥ߷õĸɲǣκεĽ
ҶƽڿίίԺ󣬱ʡί˱棬ʡί˵󣬷ǳͬҶƽִӦԱȽϵõ
Ҷƽµĵڶ죬ϵý֪飬׷׹ɷĳ֣ҶƽָʾŲҪʲôܵʵǣ˽⵽ʵȻͲʲôˡ
ҶƽָʾȻŵӰصһһýͨѴҲǣýһ֪Ժ󣬱㿪ʼ˵˽ίѸٰ˸ˣ׷׵Ͽ˽ίִͬʱ˽ίͨϢʾл


1081 
Ҷƽٴ飬гܵؾ洦֣˵иɲеȷʵûѴ߷õ£ȴ֪Ҷƽ˵һȫԹٳȥ߷ãõطӴ顣
֮Ҷƽֻص˾ǣһصǣ÷ôŵӸһ绰˵Լһ
ͻȻӵ÷õĵ绰ҶƽϵԼʲô£ûôǴӦĺЯһЩһЩֻҪĺнȡ֮ġ
ԼһƯС棬÷רҶƽȲȥҶƽҶƽһ۾Ϳ÷ȱ࣬ԱóԸУмִǵķɡ
ҶƽƽʱҲûٴǽӴȻ˵ֻҪӴкܶʶģΪίǣֻǮȨǲˣҲ֮·ȥѡ˴ЭίԱʲôġ
÷úҶƽ΢ЦһʵС÷ǹμû
÷ӭҶƽ˵ҶǣѾμˣһ˹ھ
ҶƽƽʱҲȥЩ÷òμǹ¸ô֪һ÷Ѿμˣһ˹ھʾףء
Ҷǣܶ˵ˣȥϷǣòã÷Ҷƽ
Ҷƽһ˵ҪȥϷ˵ϷһżûѧϷݵ𣿡
÷õҲ˵û£ֻҪݣݺá
һҶƽ˿֪֪ô÷Ϸֽ£ԼԸôôˡ
ҶǣллңؿҶƽһۣ÷øл
ҶƽǺһЦҪ̫Щ˰ֻҪвŻȱٵֻһӣҲǰһӣܲлȫԼ֮˰ӣǧȥ˼ҵӣ໥Ҳ죬ԺദҲҪסһ㡣
÷æͷҶǵĻԶǵġ
ȽӣҶƽ츳úŬɣ˵ֽһȾףʲô˶УԼҪסԼҪ뵽ȥ
÷ص˵ͷֽ飬ȻҲǶţʲôǱʲôģģһַ˵ģȫһЩš
÷һҶƽҪԹΪڵĵλ÷ˣȫûбҪȥкһ뵽ûбˣڵײѣԼǣҲӦõģһ°ɡ
÷һ극Ҷƽȥˣʵ÷ȷʵ뱨ģһҶƽû˼ûк˼ڣؿҶƽֿˡ
Ҷƽûȥ̸ʲô£أоĿŰ취ɣոմ˽飬һȫ⣬ûϢʱ䡣
쵼ɲæ
µʱ䣬ҶƽҪǺоƵ⣬ڼȥزιһΣʱҲǲ֮ʵұŽҵˣѵҲͿˡ
ڵУѧϰʱ򣬸ŵѾȡЧͨ±˵õЭͨ﹫˾߹ܣһ±˵õĽӴУһʧС㷢˹ϵøŰ¼Ӱõ¼Ӱ֮ܽ͸¶ֽֽһ˹ڡ
һ˾ĸ߹ܳ飬ܵ𺦣ͨ﹫˾ܲν߹ٻعڣǱڻĵĹûڱ뿪˻ġ
뿪֮󣬸ſʼӴȽ϶ĻԱһǲ˺ö߹йӴнӴۼԱȻûȥץǣ֪ͨЩ˵ĵλнһЩ˵ְĲš
һֱŶԸģפһЩܻһڸ߲εԻĽ͸ǴŸţڻѰҴˣΪǽĿĵһЩ飬û֯ȫ˲ţȻΪãȻһѪ漯š
ڼ֮֯Ի룬һǴʹţһ棬Ҳ֯ͨ֯ΪٲṩȻ˵ٲǻĵĹԱҪ˵֧֣Ȼȴǲô룬ӴٲҪһõҪʴŵ֧֣ʣķչٲȻͻεĿ죬ǵ뷨
ڼʶģٲٲ֮󣬸оôһ£Ҫʣٽ÷չȻȡȷʵҪֻ֧֣Ҫǰ̱Ȼܹ֯뷨֣һٶá
ǻٲûϵڵ֪һ֮󣬱Ǹܲдһݱ棬ַָգӵĻôһЩĲĹԱпܵû£ﵽݻĿġ
һͬһƯʯӽһƽĺ棬ܲ˾޴죬쵼ʶһص⣬һ׳㱨
ʱѾųûܵʲôȷݣܲҲǹֻܲܽų֮󣬱Ǹٲһ绰ٲ顣
һʧܣˣٲЩţΪ֪ҶƽʵҶƽ֪ô죬᲻
ٲһ룬ʱûвȡʲôΪûʲô֤ݣֻҪʱһ¾ͿˣҲʲô⡣
ٲ뷨ȻıйϵģֻҪûȷ֤ݣ˭Ҳû뵽ǣ뿪ʼԸᵽ˹ע
ܲ쵼һ׳㱨֮һ׳ǳŭΪͨﵽԼĿģֱͨ⣬ԱԲã
ܲ쵼һ׳㱨ٲ˵һЩһ׳һ⣬üͷǲҪ֪֮ǰƽԶҶҲ㱨ˣȻٲ빲û飬ٲʹñֶԸҶƽ顣
һ飬һ׳Ծٲ˲ʺϽһչˣƷʲС
ʱٲ˲֪ϲ쵼Ѿ뷨ʱ뻻ʱѾԶˣٲλ쵱һҪʡίӣҲҶƽҪԭ֮һΪ֪ҶƽʡίӵҪ֣Ҷƽˣ˵ͽˣ˵ҶƽгԽĿܣܲ衣
ٲĿģŰҶƽȥȻⱳԭ֮ҶƽΪǱڵζֻ֣ҪлᣬһҪҶƽѹȥ


1082 ׼
Ҷƽһ˿оǵоо治˵Уĸ߶ͣһ־ϣҪ֪־һǳѷµ־Ϊ淢²ʡĸɲһЩ֪רңȻУԺ󣬱Ű취־ˡ
һ˺䶯ѧԱûвҶƽ˸еʵģ޺÷˵£ҵԹΪʲôд£ҶƽֻЦЦ֮ⷽ滹о¾͵Լоˡ
µѵںܿȥˣҶƽڵУڼѧ˲ٶͬʱҲǽʶ˲ٵͬѧЩͬѧڽķչãȻҲпڽķչУΪУôµѵҲ̣һĻ䡣
ҵڵУĴþУԶͬ־ֳϯ˻飬ѧԱ̸Ҷƽ˾ΪѧԱϯ̸һ߰ٲȴûеõλᡣ
Ҷƽ֮Իõ̸ĻᣬΪҶƽ˵־ϷԵʡ
ٲȻûеõԶͬ־ټеǳɥҪ֪Զͬ־Ҫһ׳λˣܵõԶͬ־ټᣬػǰԶʧȥλᣬǰ;²ô˳ˡ
û뵽Ҷƽ˾ȻõλᣬٲеǳߣһһʡУпܳԽˣϾǶǽʡġ
Զͬ־ʮѧԱʽ̸ʮѧԱԶͬ־˶ǵѧԱһһ̬ʾŽڵΧԼ飬С
ҶƽҲ˱̬Զͬ־֮󣬲ͣصͷȻһܽᣬ̸ǽˡ
̸Ժ󣬹Զͬ־ȥˣУְʮ˸ȫѧԱһĵᣬ൱ڴһ¹Զͬ־Ľһ¶Ļᣬ֮ǸеʮˣٲＸǸеסˣ̸Ļôûأ
ѵԺҶƽ˻ȥ޺÷Ҷƽ𣬿ȥ޺÷ͦĵģҶƽ΢Ц֣Ǹȥˡ
ص˽֮Ҷƽȵʡί˱βɼһ棬ȻβһӼٲˣѵβɾǸǸԻصλù
βɵĻҶƽûжʲô϶ҪصԭĹλùһİţҪǵ飬ٲʱѾһˣҪʡίίһְ
浱ȻҲ֯λٽһĻʮģβǰǵȻᵽʲô
֮Ҷƽص˽˽֮󣬱ٿίᣬôһ㱨һ½ڵĹһ¹
㱨һ£Ľչ˳Ŀǰ֮Ḷ́ǽʷչȽϻҶƽԸһƽĹҲڻ϶ֻʾҪӿ죬Ȼõ
ͬʱҶƽԴ߷ùܽᣬΪǰһ׶εĴ߷ûչĻԣǻкܶڣǲܰ߷õһʽӣ뵽Ⱥڵ
Ҷƽܽһ׶εĴ߷û֮󣬱ǿʼһ׶εĴ߷ûҪһɲҪȥ߷ãһɲĴ߷û֯źͼͼ첿ҪЭãԲԴ߷õĸɲҪд
ǰһ׶ֻǽмɲĴ߷ãڱһɲĴ߷ãΪӣˣȻһ£㲻ãǾпܱʽ˲ƣҶƽ沿ˡ
һƽҶƽĻ֮󣬱ʾ֧֣ǵȻҪ֧֣쵼߷ˣ쵼ܲ߷𣿶쵼߷꣬һ缶ɲҲҪ߷ã쵼Ҫɵ飬쵼϶ҪɣǱȻ顣
ǽ飬Ҷƽѧϰڼ䣬øһƽΪֵģˣǽ鵱ȻֻصҪץ£һǵĽ裬һǴ߷ûһǣ÷չһǣĽ裬ǳҪ
ǽ飬Ǽҵ½˽ͶڶʽôͶʿ˵ǽĸҲĪٲ֮ԻҶƽôĶʼɣҲΪĿΪҶƽƾ¾õ˽ʡɲ볡ȯŻҶƽ
Ҷƽûɴ˶㣬ʽǣҶƽ󣬽Ե¹һóţǰѰͶʻᣬʡί쵼˻档
ҶƽᣬҲ¹óŵų˻ȻʮǢģҶƽ·Ҫߵ飬ϣ˫ܽкΪ˽ڵķǳãܽкһǳ¡
¹ҶƽҪ󣬱ʾԽпǣͬʱӭҶƽ¹п죬Ǣ̸
˵¹ĻҶƽһ룬ҪԵ¹һ˼ҵأȻ˼ҵȽ飬ӿԼĽ衣
ºҶƽʡ²ŵͬ־̸ǰŵ¹һ£ίǳ챾ƽ£ȴҪģҶƽŸһƽһ𵽵¹пѧϰ
Ȼ¹пѧϰǿ飬һҪ˼ҵ¹ĳнԼƶȽ
ҪķǺܶģҶƽҪоһⷽ飬һţųԱȷΪʮ̫࣬Ҳ̫٣һƽΪгһҪȥȻǷֹܹҵĸгͷֹܳнĸгίҪȥȻ칫ҵҪȥ
Ǳ³гڼֹίڼֹһЩְܲŸ˸ǰȥ
Ҷƽѿ͸һƽ˹ͨһƽȻҲųȥһ¹Ƚ飬һοҲǳڴҶƽĻʾͬ⣬ϣܾȥ¹п졣
ԷǳĸߣҶƽһ룬þ쿼ҲкôǳĶ࣬翼꣬æһæ¡
ҶƽµĿʱ죬Ҳһڵʱ䣬ʱ㹻ˣ϶ҪճŵģһҪʧˣҶƽûаųʱ
һҪһǮô˳⣬һѿǲٵǮʡһЩһЩɣȻ˽ҲȱǮǽڼŻһԭ򣬲ܱ˻ôǲͬŹĴεġ
ҶƽڶԱ֮ϱʡͷȻصĿ׼Ҳǻܵʱ䣬׼¹ϵ֮󣬱¹ʼ칤


1083 г
Ҷƽһ˴Ͻֱӷ¹˵¹˹ͼУǵ¹Уıӹ˾ܲҪҲιһ˼ҵ
פ˹ͼص¾Ȼӭӣߵ¹ݽϵû뵽»ӭӡ
ҶƽЦ֣л΢ЦŴ¹棬Ҷƽ˼һ棬һ˹ͼе
µ飬ҶƽǳмȻ˹ҶˣϾµĹæӹ¹ǲ٣Ӵ˭ͲӴ˭϶ҪǣܹӴ˵ˡ
פ¹£൱ɲʵƽģ˼⽻ͬһɲŹڹʹְȨǳ˲ãһǱȲ˵ģҶǾӢеľӢ
Ҷƽһй֮λ·ǳؽеҶƽ֮ѡΪĵص㣬һΪеĳнȽص㣬һΪ˾ҹԿ۽磬⿴һܲʣȻвҲǿҪôҹ۽磬˽еһһĺô
¶˽̫ˣڳµذһ飬Ľ⣬ҶоһƽԱ߻˼⣬ԳһֻԣҶƽˣҲеҳһһ֪֮ģǧܱų칤ǳϢ뷨ĻǱˡ
ǰЩӹڸոմһγΥ͵¼ʡ߼ԺһԺҵŷ޿칤жʮˣʵǵȥҪ칤ΣһԺӡ
Ҳ˾ռߣǲ鲻ģû뵽Ѱ˹ڵԱ鵽飬Ϊ˷ɻʱ򣬺ԱȻʹ˼ٻգһӾͱý屩¶ˣȫǲعûɴ˴Σһصڱ˴֣ԭڰǳȥһι˾ûǰźã˼٣ĹǼٵġ
쵼ŭӵĸԺְһ˴ĹԱ鴦Ϊι˾Ļ¸ˡ
֪֮Ҷƽǳע£ͶΪʾŪЦڹ϶ˣԲᷢڶΡ
ҶƽڴŴҳȻó飬ȡµĽ֮Ҷƽ˸л֮⣬ͬʱѴеĿ˵һ£¸Ŀ̣ôҶȹ졣
һ˵ҶƽЦŸӦʵ죬֮ǻЦ
Ҷƽ̸껰дҳԷô飬һƽҲǷǳжҲǵһγˣһҲûֱִִܵܵ쵼ĽӴ׼ˡ
һƽ˵Ȼ֪֮Ի飬ܴԭΪҶƽĴڣҶƽʲôڵ˿֪Ľ٣ǹȴǴĺҶһЩ˽̶ҪڹڵˣԶҶƽ˴εҪдˣ˵Ժкô
ΪҶƽ˾һӭ磬;ۣټʱҽ϶ܲ뿼칤ˣϢãȵٳ⿼졣
ݸһҾƵȥԷҾƵƺרΪӴ˶дĵ֣⸱󣬸ص˹ڲ࣬Ҷƽ˿Ժ󣬱ǸеʮֵС
ȾƵʱȻǺȵزѾƣ˵Ҳһׯ԰ĺƲ鵱Ůͬ־˺֮Ҳ̲סҪȣҶƽǰǱֵرȽ֣ҶƽЦ
Ҷƽһ룬ȴǶǿһЦǶһ㣬оȥ칤һЦȻҲǴЦ
Ϊ쵼ʵطһ飬չʾһ׺бҪģҶƽô쵼Ȼ᲻ʹҲҪ׺͵ʱһһڣչ쵼
÷ԱҵϺƣʵȺͬ־ϲһϲ׾ƣһ¹Ա¹ę́ƣ¹ͷǴĹڰ׾ƵģдĿԼԹڵҪαһǲóʹõģϾ¹ݴûжİ׾ơ
˵ę̸́ҶƽԸ̫鷳¹ݵˣǲҪȥˣȴǷǳ飬ûа취һę́дŴҺȾơ
ұߺȱģҶƽ˽飬Ȼǳ˹ģǸоڼһ÷ǳ˷ܣｻ֮䣬Ҹеǳ⡣
һֱϰ˾ŵӣԺ󣬴ұϢҶƽֵһᣬ޷飬¹뻪ĵĹϵﲻʲô飬ҶƽһֽһЩעҶƽ֮ãо˲ٵļʶ
¹һϸϽ壬Ҷƽ֮ǰжţ˴˼ҵĹȣҲһҪֳʵӣܵ߹Ƶġ
˰СʱҶƽϢ˵ڶһ磬Թ˹ͼеλ¹ݴԼ幫ĵطȽϵгͺһԼʮĴӣ¹Ҳձķ֣һλгұ뵽ڵһЩ쵼ɲ󸹱ģȽ˼
ͺջӭҶƽһеĵΪегʵܻӭĵĿŹһһѣԱеľñȽǷǳѺõĽӴҶƽһС
ͺҲŶԻѺõĵ¹μң˹ͼҲڲٳнѺóУҶƽ˴ǰȻҲѺóк󣬶ԺصĽһĺô
Ҷƽͺս֣Űͺյ˫۾Ҷƽһ˶е΢ЦͺҲЦȻһŽ
ͺʵһ̫ˣԻѺãοĳɷ֣ʵҲĳɷ֣ѵʱǻǣûһԸ߸ǣһֱмԺܶ˶Իĺи飬ͺձҲ⡣
ΪегͺնԻĸ飬µĹϵǳУֻҪһ仰ͬҶƽһЩҶƽнܡ
ȫеķչҶƽ˽һ飬ҶƽĽܣоͺսǳʵڣûʲô׻Ҳûʲôл쵼Ļûᵽϼ쵼ֻǰѻһ£мûиеʲôˮֵḶ́˽ʱ򣬶ҲҪһˮ֣ΪܲÿƲʵûκεıҪٻϾǲܳõģҶƽһʵоģһ˵һж˵ʱ䳤ˣȻҲ˵Ưļٻˡ


1084 
Ҷƽгͺսл̸Ҳ˽еǰķչһܣҶƽĽܣͺնԻĵķչһֱܸȤϾĵǰȫ緢չĵһҶƽľܣҲǸеȽϺõġ
˫̸һ磬ͺһƽ˫ĳǩһѺóнı¼Ҷƽȡһܺõĳɼ˹ͼнϵ󣬽˫ͿԽһȻ໥ٽ˫ķչˡ
ͺջ֮ҶƽͰͺһι˹ͼеĳй滮裬֮ҶƽǸп¹˵Ͻϸ£滮Ҳˣֲõ¹˵Ļеҵôĸ߶˴Ϊٮٮߣ˵ʵڵģĵĻеҵ˼ҵ¹˵ŲСľ룬ҪΪҵǿûǿĻе϶ǲеġ
ι˼ҵĳн裬ҶƽƵƵͷ֪˼ȻһĲ࣬ҲԷƱиĹ飬˵鶼һǶԵģһǴиףҷչҲҪһ̣˼һֱڷչȴǵ˺óʱ䣬һͣ׷˼ˡ
Ȼѧϰ˼ҵĳбҪģҶƽιĳн裬ע⿴һǵľ飬еĻǴȡ˼ҵĳ
ͺսл̸ȥι۳н裬һʱˣϵʱ򣬰ͺոҶƽԸȥׯ԰ȥһСᣬԱнΪѺóеĸ顣
ڰͺյһ룬ҶƽȻǳж¸˵ˣ¹㲻ᰲŹӴģӴҲ˽˽Ӵڰͺ˵Ǿһ˽˽Ӵ¹ǺϽ룬Ҷƽеǲ˼
ͺԸǣ˵Ҷƽ浱Ȼ˾Ͳܷ˼ҵ⣬Ҫ˼ҵȥɡ
ϵʱҶƽ͸һƽ˱˰ͺյ԰ׯͺʵһũҵѧңũѧź裬Ƭ԰ׯһͶʣȻΪгԼнˮǵнˮԶԶģӵԼͶҲ
˰ͺյׯ԰󣬿һƬ԰԰ıһأҶƽͺյķ˳ЦӭӲҶѣȫɫлģԲֹڴũҩڵûа취ȫҪũҩ棬ѳȻʮֵĺ£û
Űͺ԰ׯѣҶƽʹҷǳĸˣѾǲоǲһڵҲĻŵгϻṩӦġ
һѣͺձһģȻһЩѾƣⶼׯ԰ԼƵѾƣҶƽ˳һŵģҸеǳ⣬ȥܼ򵥣òỨǮܸɾܽʡڵĴԴǿˡ
ͺҶƽѺõ̸ŻȻ˵˵ԲͨҪ룬мϾһЩǿȥ̸
̸ڼ䣬ҶƽǺͰͺ̸Ҫȥι˾ͺ֮󣬱ʾԸϵһ£ʱҶƽһȥ˾һ
Ҷƽæʾл֮Ҷƽ˷أصƵ֮Ҷƽųתһתһҹ
ҶƽûͬԼһ˳תһתӾƵ֮˳·ķȥʵҪ뿴һ˼ҵģĿıתĿĵ˽
˹ͼеĽֵϣҶƽߵ˱Ƚ٣ֻȺ߶ȷʵǳĺã̻ǳһַǳʵĸо
Ҷƽ˰죬طûжپ죬ߵΰǳԾȽϵ٣ԣĵطΰ⻹ǱȽٵģطӦҲ⡣
ߵһطʱҶƽоˣϢһᣬԱһͤӣ߽ȥҪµʱͻȻԶ˰ӴһһҶƽһ֪ʲô飬æǰȥ
ֻһӰ˵£Ҷƽ֪ô£ﲻǹڣӦʲôɵĳ֣ùȥһǲʲô̫̫ˤ֮顣
Ҷƽæǰȥ˸ǰһʲô̫̫һĽŮɣֻʹصȥȲˡ
Ҷƽæ߹ȥкԲͨ䣬ҶƽʶûйͨǽŮȴָԼĽŲ˼ǽŲˣҶƽһʶղһŽˣûʲô⣬·ˣԼð
ҶƽȥŮɱĲ£ߵͤԱϢһ£Ȼٰ͵ҽԺȥ
ѽŮɷ֮ͤ󣬽ŮȻƺˣôҶƽĻ鼱֮У˵Ӣ˵Լǻˣ¹һҲ˵ӢģһҶƽ˵ӢŮɱӢҶƽԻ
ҶƽȻ˵ӢﻹǿԵģҪ뵱һҪ쵼ӢﻹǲɻȱһӢｻҶƽ֪ŮǳҹܵģȻС˽ţҸҶƽֽкȣ֣ҶƽǸеС
ҶƽڵôҪҪȥҽЦЦʾԼϢһˣȻصҽһ
Ҷƽؼҿҽѵҽ¹ǸʲôģҶƽһûش⣬˵ԼǹԱɣоã˵Լεİɣֲεġ
һ룬ҶƽǸԼǴӻѧϰģһΪѧѧУҶƽһˣԼֻǶڹѧϰ
ڿѧϰ֣Ȳ⣬ҲûȥѧϰҲ࣬ȷǳӣҶƽŮǺܺţǹڵŮˣŲӺ˵ϾҪǲǻ˰ǻô죿ƺûʶ⣬ֻǺ޽ĵغ˵Ż
˵һĻҶƽͻؼңʱҲǲˣûؼˡȵͷͬ⣬ҶƽʾлԼȥ
Ůɵĳ÷ǳȵĸӲҶƽˣȻߣȴǺûһ׸⣬˾̾ĵزܹ鹦ںϲ˶ԭ
Ůϲ˶Ů˵Ĳ֮ͬҶƽоһоڹ⣬ֱһʱûκε뷨ֻŰѺȸ͵ҡ
ȵļȷʵﲻԶᣬҶƽźסĵطһһⶰҶƽǸеȵڲͬȵļǳǮȻӵһͺյıҪöˡ


1085 ιܲ
Ѻ͵ҶƽȥͣҶƽʱûٴͺ˸ǡ
Ҷƽת뿪лص˾Ƶ꣬صƵʱѾҹʮˣһĽֵһһŮһûзʲô£ֻʶһŮɶѡ
ڶ죬Ҷƽϵͺգͺͨ뱼ӹ˾ϵͬҶƽǰȥι˼ҵ칤֪ϢԺҶƽǰӹ˾
ڱӹ˾ǳһƽҲȥһһ¼ʶҿ˵²ҶƽͶʣٽ˽ǵĽ衣
˱ӹ˾֮ܲҶƽ˳ͺһܲİ칫ңֻûмӹ˾ܲãֻǼһģнӴһʼ˲ι۵ĹأЩڹ˾ܣǲι۵ġ
˶ԷĻҶƽһ˸оöԷһҲǵĵڹڣ˾һģ˾ܿ϶ҪӭͬֻôһڽӴǣ˵ǹ˾ܲ
һܲ϶ܾʲôҶƽʵĻ϶ûʲôõģеźҶƽ̽ʰͺգǷܼ˾ܲû߶³
ͺձ²УΪ˾ܲ÷ǳæǣǹιѾǷǳˣǿܲòι۵ġ
Ҷƽúʧ˼ʵۺĹ˾ǿ˼ҵƺʵֻвϷչԼƽƽҳԽǡ
Ȼ˵еôҶƽǴҲιѧϰϾһѵõѧϰᣬȻˣͲҪǺܿϧġ
ӹ˾ܲǳΪȫеģû˲֮⣬ͺȻгȨұӹ˾飬ʱңǮζǿȨһĳʶ
˾ڲȻҶƽؿһѧһѧ˼ҵĹͬļˮƽûһõĹҲöǹá
Ҷƽ˼ҵȽ飬һʱ֮Ĭڵҵȷʵһܴ⣬ǧƳĹʽΪΣڹϻĿֻΪάͳΣȻҪڹϣȴǼûκεĹŴĹԱٵÿⲢ˵˷ѹҵʳ٣ֻ˵ǲҪйṩϰԼԼģΪε״ֻ̬ͳвʱ򣬲Żᴥͳߵ񾭣ԱѹʵҲһֹ
ҵڹϾвĻӰ죬ȱپϸĹʼתⶼһĹ̡
ѧϰ˼ҵĳǲԼıҪĿľҪѧϰЩ˼ҵȽȥ
ιĹҶƽ˻߿һȻҶƽ˿ļߣǸ϶Ǳܵģ˼Ҫϼ͵ҪעⱣܡ
Ҷƽֻܷ˼ҵİţһߵĹι¹Ĺй֮ƣ¼ΪϽҲΪʲô˼ҵľ켼ôţԭ
¹ǷľҶƽ̾ʵһ̬ȣߣ̬жã̬ȺõĹˣԶǵλõĹˡ
Ҷƽ˳ʱ̧ͷһǸܲԱվһˣ˽Ҷƽû뵽վܲԱߵ˾ȻǸŮŮɺȡ
ҲûϵҲ̧ͷʱ򣬿Ҷƽ˳æһȳһյ˹Ҷƽһк
ҶƽȻҲǺܾ棬ֻ߹֮󣬱ӵҶƽҶƽеЩΣ˵оǱţڻģ࣬Ů֮棬û˻ӵģĻ˸еǳΪ飬ƺ˾ռߣûʲô˵ġ
Ҷƽ뺺໥ӵϣͻȻһĻʮ־ȣͺնʮֵľȣô£Ҷƽô뺺ʶ
ҶƽӵϺ󣬺ӢҶƽ䣬ҶƽһˣеӢҲǲһ˹ʶƵ죬̫Ǹеˡ
Ҷƽʱ򻹲֪ȾȻǱӹ˾ܲõŮǹ˾ĸܲãղŹһģû뵽Ҷƽ
ͺտ˹һ֪Ҷƽ뺺ʶЦȻҶƽǹ˾ĸܲãһǸܲãҶƽһҲˡ
벻ȻԭΪ˾߲ˣ벻ȻˣһǺȡ
Ҳ֪ҶƽԭǻĵһԱȥģ֪ҶƽǻĵĹԱ֮ǾǸӵĸˣΪһֱŽгĸȴǲԸ⣬ӦЩٶۣ¹˾ľЩأҶƽˣһԽӴĻᡣ
Ҷƽǰİ칫Ҽ棬Ҷƽİ칫֮󣬷ԣ㿪ʼ֪ҶƽǻĹԱԺ󣬱йػг飬Ҷƽһ㱨˵ǰĻĵԼ˽нǵ顣
ҶƽܣȺܸȤ֪ĵгԽԽ󣬶ҵһֱǹ񾭼õҪҵĻ᲻ƶҵչģץסĴչҵĻᣬԱӹ˾һǿƶⷽһǰհԵġ
ҶƽԻгǳȤǳˣӹ˾ܵ˽ͶҵǶ˽ǽһܺõƶã뷨ץסεĻᡣ
Ҷƽ뺺ȵĿʣ˽ṩһпܵıҶƽĻ֮󣬺ͷҶһֿģҺҸһ£ǰ˽һ
һҪԼһ£ҶƽЩףҶƽӣͺЦŸҶƽǱӹ˾ܲõŮ
û뵽ȻϵҶƽеǳ˷ܣͬ⵽ȥĻǲǾͻᶨˣ
һƽ˵ҲǺܾ棬ʶȣ˾ĸܲþǲˣû뵽ܲþȻܲõŮĹϵЩͺЭ˰ɣ
ϲ˵ЭĻ·Эܣ˵ԭЩ²ЭģһֹͨνЭȻһЧĹͨҲǷǳģûйͨǿ
Ҷƽܸϵ˴ε¹֮һɫʣߣҪǿѧϰʵֻ˽һ£ûʲôգ뺺ȵʶô˴ε¹֮һܴջ񣬼ӿ˽ǵĽ蹤


1086 ʡί
רҶƽȥͣҶƽ뺺һӢ໥̸ţøһƽ˸еҶƽίǷǳӢжԻˣһ˵ˮƽﲻ
Ҷƽ뺺֮һЧĹ֮ͨ꣬ҶƽİúȸܵҶƽ֮⣬֮佨˴߻á
극ԺҶƽ뺺ȸͬʱʽȥĲι۷ʣͶʵҲֻеȵιۿ֮ȷ
ȿͷӦҶƽҪ󣬲ϣ¹ҶƽЦűʾֻҪʱģʵⲻǷܣԼôܾ¹鲻ˣ
뺺ȷֱ֮Ҷƽǰһ¹пһҪǿһ˼ҵĸ¼չ˽иҲҪӿ췢չ߶ѧϰһЩ顣
ڵ¹ܹһܣһʱҶƽһ룬оܲһϢʱ䶼ңͬŴҲι۸һ㣬Ҳһɰɣһһ֮
ڶ峿ұǷɻ˹ڣϽ֮Ҷƽһ˷ɻί칫ҵͬ־Ⱥӻ˷ɻ֮Ҷƽʡϵһ£֮󣬱̸̸ε¹֮еջһ¡
̸֮󣬱˱¼ҪĻṩһз㣬뷨öԷĿܷǳ⡣
ص˽Ҷƽٿѧϰ̸ᣬѴ˴ε¹֮еľߴңôעѧϰƶȫеľùһٵķչ
Ҷƽææµµʱʡίһ仯ʡίβɵ뽭ʡǰеίǣ¸ʡʡŰ鵽ߵʡίǣҶƽϯȫʡ쵼ɲᣬȡʡίҪ쵼ͬ־ľ
ҶƽʶʡίҪ쵼ĵڻҪģҪлˣβҪ֪ˣϾίһְ϶Ҫֵ֪ģ˵βɵΡ
Ű¸ʡߵʡίǣҶƽûϵ¸ʡشòôܵĵطʡίǣû뵽Űһ͵쵼ɲһ㾭õ֣ͬѧ꣬оӵġ
ʡίǣȻĵľñѾδҪһõ˵ʡίǣʡίֻܵҪŰһõʡͿˡ
쵼ɲϣβɺŰһϯ˴ᣬβ֣鲿֮Ű˽ʾȫһǳٵ£Ϊ˽ܵ飬÷ȫǰУܵ﹤һ£һϹᣬѰѸá
Ű˵ĺܱ׳ƺܴģǶھϵ˵Ĳ࣬ⲻóģ˵֮󣬹̬ԣΪʡ˴νβʡίǣȻЩźҲˣϾҪݵģȴʡʡѾеˣŰ黹󣬹ʡʱ䲻̫Ͼʮʱ²ɵʮġ
б̬ԣȻǷҪŽʡίΧٽȫʡÿٷչһõˣβɵҲƼʡŰӦǱȽϲġ
ŰﵣʡίǣٲǷǳ˵ģΪ뵳УʱŰĹϵͷǳãڵﵣʡίǣȻƣҶƽڻŰܵϽʡίǣǲٲйء
̬֮βܽὲڽʡḶ́ʾԼ뽭˷ǳĸ飬Ҫ뿪еᣬʡһһľʲôطȥֽ֧ʡĹ
һƬβ;ãĹԱȻҪϹϾβɷԷθĻҲܵж᳡ʱһ
ɢԺҶƽһ룬ȥβɸ𣬵ʱö˶ڵβҪô׵һ£һ룬β֮ǰüһ档
βɴʱг̿˵ǷǳæģҪ鲿һУȻǸߣŻҪŰһ½ӣҪһʽ
Ҷƽβɼϵʱβɸһţдߡ
һţҶƽˣβҲżͺðˣҴʡǲ˽ˡ
ʡίҪ쵼һ䶯ϣǵһЩʡɲҶƽеεĵܾͻϾʱȽϳˣ˵ḻʡͷûмܱȵ
Ҷƽֻһ飬ʵû̫飬ܵ˽ίҲһǳ飬Ȩ͹λµģҫģܲڵĹҪġ
ȵϴʮһʱҶƽʡǵıͻȻӵβֱӴĵ绰Լסȥһˡ
һӵ绰ҶƽǰֱβɵԢԢ֮Ҷƽ㿴βʰŶͳǰУμӺе쵼ɲᣬʽκίǡ
Ҷƽ֮βȥԼ鷿Ҷƽ˽ȥȥԺβɿ˿˵ƽ뿪ʵкö๤ûɣˣǱӣڽҲǲˣڵ˽ίǣĸҲǱȽ϶࣬ڴ֮ǰѾʽƼ㣬ʡίӣŰǣҲԼҪעһ㣬Ȼ˵ǵְǲҪȥ󣬵ǸõʲõʱҲҪʲãȥ뿴һ˽һһЩ
βҶƽ֮Ҳ˺ĸˣֱӰҶƽҶƽһ˵ǣְûرĿǣ˽Ҳкöûɣҽʡίӣһ뿪ҲһźԣֻҪҴ˽ίǵλϣãҾˡ
βһ˵ͷ˵뷨Ǻõģֻϸ߲εĸλΪ͹ңĹףȷԴ⣬϶ǷĵģҲҪƣõʲõʱҲҪʲá
Ҷƽһ˵ŰԺǲҪ˼齨ӣٲ֪ʲôš
βɵֿԣҲô齨ô齨ģٲΪϴһ㲻ʡίӣȥ㽫ܱġ
Ҷƽһβ˵ĺеǸʱٲͳ쵼ˣ˽ܸɵð


1087 Ҷ
β̸ԺҶƽҲежĻƱػٲƣйٲڱԼ£ĿǰΪֹûκεĶ
뷨Ӧһ飬ȻҶƽҪӦһ飬˵ҪȥƽԶƽԶҶ˵ĻԵ̫ˣҲɿ뿿ԼβһƷת䡣
Ҷƽһ룬õǰ˵ǿ͹ԼֻҪγһɷͷ֮ƣȻöֲСټƽԶҶ֧֣Ű鼴ʹҲ׵óѵġ
ڴùϵҪβ̸ĵڶ죬ŰһϵŰһ㱨һ¹ϾǵУͬѧһ治Ϊְɣ
û뵽Űػ˵Ŀǰûʱȡ㱨Ҫ㱨ʱ֪ͨǹⲻˣҶƽ֪Ժ󣬸еЩˣŰһܵٲӰˣڵУʱϵܣȻǶʲôɼԸ档
ǲˣҶƽûŰʲô棬ڻҪԼ뷨Ӧ¡
Ҷƽص˽֮󣬰ͳƾֳеԼİ칫һ飬˽нGDPҪԽϽУڻûеףͳǲģ׵ĻôʱܾЩˣҪһڵ㣬ͨӵķʽ
Ȼ˵˽еGDPһᳬԽϽУΪĻǾǰѻûз鵱ɷˣͳƾֳй֮󣬱ȥԺһͳƣһϰGDP٣Ԥһȫһ᲻ᳬԽϽ
ͳƾֳȻҪҶƽĻһʣǸ˵ıʾڵķչٶȣ׳ԽϽûκģ˵Ҷƽ׼һɷõ٣ᰲŵô˴ε
ͳƾֳּ֮󣬱ǻȥ׼ȻҶƽ˹ϵʡýһй˽չרƬ˽չ飬ϴ뵳УѧԱѧϰһҪ뷨ǵķչȥ
һһ񰡣ǳޣҶƽҪ֮ھҪ񣬾زȥһʱأҵȥԺϵý嵥λҪڰ֮
˽еĿǣҶƽøһƽ¶¶ڳ潲һ˽еķչ顣ԴˣһƽǷǳ˵ģ˵ҶƽҪһԼľѻᣬҶƽ˷ܶˣ˳ֵ׼
ͳƾֳǳ˽ҶƽͼҶƽͨʽ˽ͬʱҲǱˣ˵ǹĺãĿ˽ԽϽ飬ҿ˿϶˽ҪĿ࿴ӦǴ˴οչĿġ
һƽҲǷǳӴ£Ҷƽź֮󣬱Ǽӿ춽飬ҽչҶƽ棬Ҷƽ֮Լ˼ˣؼҪɡ
ýԸһƽרŵĲɷãһƽ٩٩̸˽ľֽһ£Цݣ˸еʱĵĵ֮
ɷһƽ֮ȻҪȥҶƽɷҶƽϾҶƽǣȻҪǿ϶ҪǣֻгһҶƽ˵£ҶƽȴǾܾˣֻøһƽһˣҪٽǾظˡ
Ҷƽ˵ǾҶƽǲˣҪѸһƽҶƽϣȻĻҶƽ᲻˰
Ҷƽƺ͸˼Ǹֻøһƽⷢչ飬ΪгҪı⣬ǰԼҪȥˣֻҪܰ˽иȥС
ҶƽҪȻЩ⣬ǻҪҶƽĻҶƽҪȥˣҶƽǫ飬Ըͷ¶档
飬ҶƽʵԼģΪ֪˽ԣǲҪˣڸߵʵһ޴ѾίĸλˣҪԼ𣿸ûбҪֻҪͿˣ˽ȥˣȻǰҲȥˣαطҪڵ¶һ˼˵ߵ
ҹڸߵҲ˸еһֲȵı֣߲㣬óȲУܵ˵żͼʵġ
ҶƽԸڵӾͷеһƽҲǸе֣ҶƽרҲܵҶƽһЩ⣬Ҷƽ֮仹һЩ϶оҶƽεģѺõģԼ֪ȣȶελҶƽͲôҪˡ
һƽܸҶƽһ飬ȵ֮ȲҪרƬôҿ
רƬ̨ʡ̨˳רƬ棬˽Щķչȫһ飬һƽרƬ٩٩̸ž飬ͬʱ¡ǵȴĿھͷ֮Уͳƾֳ˽ϰGDPչרŰѷչϽеķչ˶Աȣóۣ˽еGDPҪԽϽУ
һٲڵ￴ˣҪò˽гԽϽУʱҶƽĶĿĵģȻҶƽûгھͷ֮У¿϶Ҷƽ߻ġ
ʡ̨̨Ժֲ̨רƬֻûϽбȽϵݣҲǰ˽ȥˣ˽˱ֽϳֵĳôʡ
ٲҶƽһһʱ֮ɵۣΰϽȥҶƽһ棬ȻͷҶƽռȥˣĻǶӰܴ
ҪϽУҲҪһУ˽һܺõ㣬Ǿ˽еGDPҪԽϽˣϽȻ˽Խˣٽ
ٲԽ˰죬ȥҴҪһϽУһںţǾҪסϽϴλӣ˽и
˽еûٲǰдΪ˽ԽϽǳ飬ʹżҲûãٲȴǲԸ˽ԽȻҶƽ֮֮ȥһĺôҲвôǾǲ͹۹ɰˡ
Ȼ룬ǴôٲĹԣҲֹʾһϽڱסһıںǿһģǲҪ̫󣬲ȻʵֲˣӰ첻õġ
ٲȻ֪һģ취˽Խˣ޷ٽһ͵Ŀڹؼʱʵ˽ѹȥ
ٲһʱ֮Ĳ׼Ҫ˽һȣҶƽķͷȥ


1088 ¹Ͷ
ٲ編ƣ˽вרƬ֮󣬱ҲһйϽչרƬרƬ棬ٲϾȻ̸ϽеķչʾϽһҪסϽȫʡͷϴλ׳־Ա
רƬһȻôʶʡ󾭼ǿУ໥̨Ҳ̫ˣ˽иһרƬû뵽ϽҲһרƬһ˵Խһ˵ҪסͷϴĵλӿкϷˡ
ٲרƬһҵһƽ⣬ǴţҪסͷϴĵλʱöְ뷨ŪһĿ˸һʯĿʯĿǳУŪһʯĿô
ٲȻⷽ⣬ҲʶʯĿͶʴڳһʱ𲻵ӦеЧôͶʣ˵ͶͶģð찡
治ǸоѣٲרƬԺ󣬱һУǺתһ룬ֻҪ˳ʵֽʡίӵ뷨ܲʵ֣ȥһʯĿһԣܳˣȻãܲɣʱһûйϵˡ
ҶƽٲѧԼרƬҡͷЦٲҪԼˣðɣԼҪԽȴҪһôҾͱһ°ɣ
Ҷƽһ룬¹ĺϵһ£ʲôʱĿĿȽӵĵ绰׼ĸ׻һЩ벻ͨҪһЩ
Ҷƽ֮Ȼڴ˵ԼĸףȻ˽ͶʣֻҪܹͶʣ˽ķչһ޴ƶá
¿ãҶƽѾԼķչУͬʱͨؽȡʵǳǿ˵˽еķչ˺ܴƶá
ҶƽΪ˼ӿͨصķչרͨӲ칤쵼ȻʮӣڵͨصسҲǷǳŬڹʲôΪڸҶƽߣ˵ǷԼˡ
ͨӲڼ䣬ҶƽιĴĿҵ˽̸һЩҪҪίһҪһӴĸȣѶҵķãֻҵһֱĸоҵͶʣͬʱܴٽȫеķչ
ʹǸһƽģҶƽڵͨӲ칤ҲҪһӴʵȣһƽҪһץʹٽȫеĴչ
Ҷƽ͸һƽ˷չ鶼ǷǳУҶƽȥͨӲ죬һƽҲȥͨˮؽӲ죬λҪ쵼һӲ죬רооùȫеĸɲǸе˷չļԣҪӱŬʵֳԽϽĿꡣ
ҶƽٲȻҲ˵ˣҶƽѹȻҲǱȽżרٿ˾õȻᣬҪҪίĹĿ꣬ҲڻϽ˻ΪϽίǣҪٲǿ
ҶƽӲͨصĹãͻȻ绰˵ҪĸһĿгһϢҶƽʮָˣ̱ʾǳӭص׼
ӹ˾ܲҪĿг˹񲿵ӣû뵽ӹ˾֮￼гȻطϵģ֪ϢԱԱʡʡ쵼ϵͬʱʡҲӴʡίŰ˵ԺȻҲǸеش󣬹֪˾ҪߣȻԾ÷չУǲʲôҪӴһ¡
ܿ촫ٲĶ˵Ҷƽϵһ¹˾߿Ŀеһּ֮⣬ڹѾ룬ֹҲֹˣŰȻǳ֧֣ϣǣ̫࣬Ϊֹ֧Ŀء
ӹ˾ܲúͺһ˻ģҶƽϽнӻ񲿺ʡ쵼һӻҶƽ֮󣬺ȸ˵Ҷƽ֡
һϽеһǼס£ʡ뱼ӹ˾ܲý˻̸˫һĽҶƽڻ̸ʱշǳǢ
֮ŰҲͬһĽŰʾӭӹ˾Ͷҵ໥ͬչ
ʡίʡһֶ뱼ӹ˾ܲý˻棬Ժ񲿺ʡ쵼Լֹܸʡͬ£һ˽нʵؿĿ
ҶƽǽֳʱǽѾ߳Σӹ˾ܲÿĽֳԺ󣬱Ǹеߵķչȷʵ죬һжǷǳӣӴгӹɵģؼߵôܴܲﵽ¹ı׼ĵġ
ҶƽߵңչʾһߵļȻ˵¹Ǳ˵һĲ࣬ЩķչҲǻ˲ٵľ飬˫ܽһĺ˵Ǹȡ裬õһĺô
Ҷƽӹ˾ܲýŵǰ˽еķչָߵҵʮֵĶֻ࣬Ҫӹ˾ͶʣһԱӹ˾ȫгֲһܴĺô
ӹ˾ͣ˼ţֳΪŨȤ˽ʵؿ죬֮󣬱ӹ˾ܲ÷ǣ쵼л̸Ǣ̸֮ĺ
˾֮񲿲뱼ӹ˾ܲý˻棬ȻǹԺһҲ˻̸˵ܸߵĴ
ӹ˾ܲÿ֮ǻعع֮󲻾ãȱǸҶƽ绰Ҫӹ˾ʽǢ̸˽Ͷʽڻֹ˾ȫг
һ飬ҶƽӭϹͶʽ裬˽ṩһбϵûж೤ʱ䣬ǴһŶ˻ģ˽С
ҶƽԴ˼Ϊӣ֪ӹ˾ʽ˽Ͷʣǽҵһʮֺ䶯飬Ҫһ׼Ϊӹ˾Ͷṩһз㡣
ȸոʱʮֵ͵ûа߼ߣȵ׼֪֮ͨߣϢʹҲһЩ֪Ϣٲ˵֮󣬶Աӹ˾ʱͶʷǳջ
ҶƽѾȽϱˣ˱ӹ˾Ͷʣô⽫һǳҪӰ죬ϧһѹҶƽû뵽ҶƽȴǸѹȥӹ˾ʽͶʣ˽еľ϶ҪԽϽˡ
ҪǣʱʡɲʱҶƽʱĳɼעĿֹҶƽʡ쵼ӣԽԽˡ
ҪֹҶƽʡ쵼ӣľŰ飬Ű鲢ãҶƽͻŰûֹҶƽ


1089 ʡίί
˽ܵʱ䣬Զڵ¹ıӹ˾ܲڻķչսԼƻһʱ֮䣬ӹ˾ĹƱǣҶƽʱ򣬷ǳĸˡ
ӹ˾ڻչսԣ˽нսͶʣͶʽΪʮԪӴսͶʱʱֱӾ磬ҵҵ𾪷ǳ
ʴͶʵĳ֣˽еĹҵչҪһ޴ƶã쵼˶ԴҲǸ߶ӣרŰŽʡίصĹȷͶʵλ
ͶʵĳּѹٲҪֽʡͷϴλĿ룬ϽеľڽȻҪ˽иԽˣٲʲô취Ҳ޷Խӹ˾Ͷʡ
ٲֱܻҶƽУ÷ޱȣ칫Ե޹ʵشƢĹԱԶ֮ײߵĸǰȥ㱨ʲô
Ҷƽ͸һƽ˶ǷǳĸˣһʴͶʣ˽нʹˣô͹һǳ˸˵¡
ԶھǵƽԶҶ˵֪˽ȡõ޴ɾͣǷǳĸˣҶƽֹʡ쵼ӣôܣ
Χʡ쵼ӵĻٲȷʵҶƽļңٲŲ˵֧֣ٲʡίίӣϣٲһˣΪٲƷ쵼ĻɣҲҶƽɫƻ鱨ԱҶƽΪΪ֮ݡ
ٲȷʵҲгɹĲԣһٲƻֻǳԼ뷨ǲûлȥʵʩ±˵õɫƻ˵һֶΣǽõһЩѡ
鱨սߵһҪŴܣԴȴҲ޷ָֻһĲɣǻû¾δ¡
ٲǲҶƽ㣬˵;ϲ㻹һĿǣڿҶƽ˽Ĺ˳ɫͬʱٲһ⣬ô覣ڴ£쵼ھһ£ٲų½쵼ԱΧ֮⣬ٽһٲ
ٲꪳɳȵ֪һʱеܻо޷ڽʡȥˣ뿪ط¹滮Լ;֮·
һ£ʡίٴγֵµҶƽΪʡίίΪʡίǣνʡίίϽίǣȪټʡίһְ
εܵãΪϽίǣȴûٲΪϽίǣʡίίӣǶٲһشͬʱҶƽ˳ʡί߲㣬Ϊʡί쵼
Ҷƽʡί߲֮Ȼ˽ίǣٲʱûе뽭ʡȻϽг
ŰһȻǳεģǿҽٲϽίʡίίûеõϿɣ˵Ϊٲûеõ
Ҷƽڽʡί߲㣬һһ룬Ѿʮˣʮʡί쵼Ǿһˣһµְûʲôе˷ܵģԼܽһְλȻ飬Ȼûйȥ׷Լ룬ΪϰնһЩ£ȥһЩҪְ飬ûʲôСֵġ
ҶƽʡίĻ鲿쵼ʱһƽ֮鲿쵼֣ʾףأֻ΢΢һЦʾл
֮һʡί쵼鲿쵼ӰҶƽ˷ֱվͷҶƽʡί棬Ϊһֱʡί֯ʱռһƣ˶ʡίίǳˡ
ÿһεĸɲᴥе񾭣Ҷƽٲһȥ뵳УѧϰˣҶƽ˶ǽʡί߲㣬ֻٲûн룬˸еɣ֪⵽ʲôԭ򣬻˵ٲİš
μʡ֮Ҷƽص˽һƽ֪һϢԱҶƽİ칫ұʾףء
ҶףأҶƽһ£ټһԱٿһίί飬εְԼ˵ְ
ѸٿҶƽڻֱӴľҵ϶˷ܣҶƽְʵҲǶ˽йһֿ϶ҶƽְˣҲеˣϾҶƽʡίί쵼ˣǱֵĺãܵҶƽϿɣԺ°Ź̵УһƵġ
һƽڻϺܸ˵ر̬ҶƽʡίίһְʾףأȻ˵۵ʲôְ񣬴ʲôְλһֹѣְһֵףص顣һƽΪгʱҶƽһ󳹵ܣʵʵڿҶƽʡίίͲκҶƽ࿹뷨ˡ
ھҪԼĹȻϣܵõҶƽϿɣȵҶƽ뿪˽ʱ˽ίǣڲ֪һҶƽεǴڵƺʡίûҶƽʲôλˣҶƽֻǵһʡίίְȻһֱ˽ίǡ
Ļ˵кôģΪгʱ̣ʱҶƽһߣôίһְ϶ǵϣҶƽ˽мίǶġ
ҶƽҲ֪Լʱ벻˽УΪöĿûɣ뿪ˣԹƽԸʡίίҲҪ˽мίһְ
ʮ굱ϸɲҶƽȻ˺ܶ˵ԶڼѺ֪ԺҲǸ绰ʾףأӵǵĵ绰ҶƽȻǺܸ˵ģǲΪְеˣΪ˵ˡ
óʱûлؼҿһ˰
ҶƽоԼھһĻûͣŻͷһʱ䶼ûУǹϰߵ
ʱ򣬴޺÷˵绰˳ףصʱ򣬸ԼҲܵˣϳг
ʡίǳεؼгһǳͨ£Ǵ޺÷һȴǷǳ˵ģϾΪʡίؼгȻͬΪ֮Ȩ̫ˣʡίνʲôȨΪֻһȺŵĻ൱ȥĺ֣ŽϸߵĵλûʲôʵʵȨֻųʽְ񣬲ӵȨ
û뵽޺÷ᵽегҶƽﲻһ£Լϼңڴ޺÷ȥﵣгؼҿ϶ҪȥˣԺпܵίأ鶼Ҫչһˡ


1090 
ҶƽʡίίԺʵԭĹûжٸı䣬ʡίίֹֻǸ˽ίûзֹʡίֻʱȥʡίᣬʱϻǴ˽ί
ʡί칫İţʡίҪһסʡǵľסҶƽ֪ʡǵסҲǽţǰƵˣȥʡǵʱ٣»زˣסݣøͬ־סɡ
Ҷƽһ̬ʡί칫˴ΪлΪʵǽţҪҶƽһסҪڳӣЩסϾͲڳҪǰһ˵¡
ҶƽҪ˵ʡǺܶ£ҶƽҲЩ飬ҪҪסν
ڵʡίίһ֮Ҷƽһϼңĩʱ䣬޺÷һ绰ҵһˣɻơ
ҵڵί칫ңί칫ҸΣΪҶƽǳεˣȻؼҲʲô񣬵ҶƽʡίίˣʡίίȻûо񣬵ҶƽİȫȻһҪ⣬鷽һЩɡ
ɻֱӽƻȻĩҶƽ޺÷˵绰ˣ˻֮󣬱ǿ޺÷żί칫ҵӭӡ
˷ɻҶƽЦ޺÷֣޺÷Ц˵ӦҶίˡ
ҶƽЦίûǴ󣬻ǽǺá
޺÷ЦһôĬҶƽˮƽôĸ߰γҶƽʹ޺÷һǰ齵ıݣнķչҲʮֵѸ٣һҶƽһֻĸоóʱ䲻ؼңһˣһӾͿ֮ǰ֮ı仯ˡ
ҶǣʲôѣϽйһһۡ޺÷Ҷƽͬһڣ·ϱǶҶƽ˵
ϼҵѵȻǷǳģѻŶԼˣףӴ˳ˣڹӦǽйһԶٷ
ˣǵȻǸг˻λ޺÷õǣǽйҲС
ѶǹٱȽϴˣͷԼͬѧأڹصίˣФڶصθسǲҲǹһ£
ǽйְλͣǹʵǸһֻᣬʶһгˣԺ;кôġ
һ룬ҶƽҲйڸҴ绰ʱԱѩԱѩڵεְǹظسιֳãһˡ
뵽Աѩ뵽÷ãҶƽȴûŰй÷õĵӱȽϴ󣬶ڵĵλͣͲˡ
ҶƽðҰԱѩйʱҲŸԱѩشɽ飬˵Ļά֮ãǵ֮ʱˡ
һԱѩˣҶƽﲻһԱѩشɽĽƺͲôԸôȥˣûذѸǢջˣЩ˸п
Ҵ绰֪ͨԱѩФһ绰Ҷƽ޺÷ǽ齵ıݣҶƽȻ˵еĸɲˣҲǰʡʡίίΪʡʡίίߣҲһܴ쵼ί֪Ļ϶ҪӴһµġ
ǲɵίĩؼˣûƣʵ޺÷ҲίҶƽۻᣬƣҶƽϹϵվȽŸء
ϣЩȫˣףӴ˳һ˱ݣҶƽһæӭӣһҶƽףӴ˳¶Цݣ߼Ҷƽ
ҶƽҲæ߹ȥ֣ףӴҶƽֵƽôû˰
ҶƽЦҵҲˣ˷ˣף忴ȥܺãҷ࣡
ףӴҶƽֵھǿԭʱûʱ嶼ǲˣˣʱˣܲ򣬰İģлῴϸߵĹλ
ҶƽһЦףϣλԽʱ٣ǲҾ
ףӰҾڵϿУʡίίˣԽԽˣƽʱҲע壬רͷӣҲǺܸˣ
ҶƽǺǵЦʱ˳Ҳס˵ƽӴгһֱע£Ͻʡίί죬רŴ绰˵ƽʡίίˣ˲𰡣
벻£ҶƽǺǵЦҵʧԺʲô䶯ǰ֪ͨǶϣ
⻰˵ףӴ˳˶ЦĻ˵ǳ֯ˣҶƽҪǱ档
˳ľȥҪףӴ˶ףӴԵòһЩӸ˵ҶƽȻҪףӴ˶ˣӸ˵һԼ쵼Ҳ͹Լ
ӭӽ֮һ˹ˣҶƽҲǳӭӣѣܼ̫ȻְҪ߲٣ôˣ˼ұ治˵˽Ҳ˵ġ
ͬʱ޺÷ҲӭǰӳԱ໥Ҫύһ£Ҷƽ֮һǣ΢ЦſҶƽҶǣף
ҶƽһЦףصĻҪ˵ˣλɲרҪףصģҺóʱûϼˣһˣһѣٽ㻹ôᰡԽԽˣ
һ⻰̸˵Ц˵ƽ㻹ôˣǲˣ˰
ҪҶƽ꣬˱˵˵ĻһЦгԽԽᣬҺƽԽԽˣ
˻һҶƽ˶Ц޺÷һҶƽ˹ϵǲҶƽŮԵǺãﶼһŮԵѡ
ĵúܿģ޺÷ԱЦİɣλӶźˣҽȥ
˴޺÷Ļæ˵г˵Ķԣǽȥ˵Ҫվ˿Ц
ִЦҶƽЦһ£߽˱档
˱ǿףӴ˳ǶȻˣһǺ·ĲĻ˲ϤȥֻǴһк֪ݵмϸɲҶƽϤȻҲҪܿ˵Ż
ĸˣҼ˻ûҪˣȻǵĵλͣڱõǣһ죬ص㵱ȻҶƽڽǱߵĹ


1091 ۻ
ҶҶƽڽĹǳģҶƽǱ߹ûʲôѣԼǱߵҶƽһһЦŸǣǲҪģԼǱͦõģллǵĹġ
ʱ򣬴޺÷Цƽǣ˽ίǣʡίίŸһɣ
Ҷƽ̧ͷʵг˵Ҫôһ飿
޺÷ЦҪ֧еķչҵٽķչ
һ˵£ҶƽЦԿǣȥҾͰһ£Ǵȥǵģ׼ôг⡣
޺÷һЦǶлҶˣȥԺϴ˹ȥ̣ʱҪ鷳Ҷ㡣
ҶƽǺһЦæ˵û£̫ˣ˽ȻҲҪʣͬʣҲǲͬģ˽ʲο϶ҪһЩ˽ҲͶʣϾߵɱҪһЩʱټһЩҵңʹ޺÷̸һ̸ͽˡ
˵ŻҺФԼԱѩڸϵˣԱѩ֪ҶƽƣԼ棬ͷһʱǺóʱûҶƽԵʣԭǶҶƽǵ㺣ôȥȻͻȻһЩš
ФһҶƽˣǱǸ˵ĺܣҶƽʡίίˣҪٽһϸĹ٣뷨ҶƽæڼҶƽ뷨˵һ˵
ڿȥԽԽȣֻҶƽ֮ǨЩˣڲֻίǣؼûнҶƽڰһֱǷǳ͵ģоð˲ŷһЩˣǺʹ޺÷˵һ˵һ°أŰѰҵȥԼ½ĥ
֮һҶƽФԵ˷ܣǵһ޺÷ǼæкΪǰǶ쵼òǣȻֿףӴ˳쵼ȻҲҪš
һʱ֮Фæҵشк΢Цͷ侲Ҷƽܿһ㣬ФбܶФдһָǿңûнǿͬѧķϣФийġ
ԱѩһλŮͬ־˵ҶƽˣרŴһҶƽˣԲʧʱӣֻûԭǰˣ΢΢ЦԵʮֵ֣޺÷Ҳûбֳ¼ϼĵӣƺֻǰǵͨѡ
Ҷƽס֣ԱѩվͻȻол֮УȻǰ˵ȻǽҶƽѾǹȥҶƽˣڵҶƽһ߹٣Ȩ龰Ŀ˵ƺҪ͸ʷ£صǸ
֪Աѩ˻飬Ҷƽ֣вɵػһ˿ͬ飬ͬʱҲͷҲԱѩȥӣܸоԱѩľǹ¶ģֻ˰һʱƺڹͨ
ѩڲʱ򹲹¡Ҷƽһ£ͻȻתԴ޺÷ܵ
ԱѩԱѩ˵ʲôֻЩ˵վ޺÷еЩ֣Ҷƽôһ˵ƳĬô޺÷ﶯһ£ҶƽʱӦᣬѵԱѩʲô£
޺÷ʶФԼԱѩˣΪǲǸؼɲؼɲ򲻽һгȥҶƽͬѧǺѣȻͲСǣҶƽĽܣ޺÷æסԱѩ֡
гչ֣ԱѩȻôı䣬Фס޺÷ֵʱȻǲһģԵúܸˣ˷ܡ
ҾϯףӴ˳Ҷƽ쵼һݵĸгɲȻҪϯλϡ
һλҲ£޺÷൱ڶкŴҹͬͣȾƣҶƽҲǷǳˣȻ˵Ǵ޺÷дģǶһЩѣ޺÷Ҳ൱ѣԶѾͲôĿףǱȽɡ
Ȼڴ޺÷ε쵼¿ܲôɣͷٻһЩ쵼˼ôŵÿ
޺÷˼飬ƵƵȾƣ֧ԼĹ˵֪޺÷ҶƽĵУͬѧѣǶ˵ȻҲҪִ֧޺÷Ȧ飬ˡ
ҶƽھһȦӣȦӵģڹٳÿһ˶ǹĸ壬һȦӣһ壬γһСȨܣЩСȨγһȨܣ󹹳һ塣
ȨܵУеֻһСеȨܵĹǼܣҶƽڱȨǼܣҪϲܴγһȨܡ
ȻЩȨҪҪƻȨܣǱǳŻͼͼıˡ
ףӴ˳˵ҲǹܵģݣҲɢˣҶƽžǣǾͺܸˣνǰˣһ˻ˣûа취¡
ҶƽҺȵúܿģܸˣһǳ£οҵڣոյʡίί
Ƴ극֮󣬴޺÷˰ףӴ˳˸ͻȥȻʣǣ¥ȥ裬Ҹ˵䶼̫󣬺һȥҲûʲôġ
¥ϵĿOK֮󣬴޺÷Ҷƽһһ׸裬龢Ҷƽ֪ҲǺȶˣԼǰҲ˼ʲôˣֱԼ˿ЦФе棬гҶƽϵզôأ
ֻԱѩĬĬԱ߿Ҷƽ޺÷һ𳪸ӣҶƽڳʱżһۣǾúַ֣Χ֮£ܹȥʲô֪ԸˣҲٹȥοˡ
޺÷˷ܵĺܣһҶƽ׸裬˳֮󣬴޺÷һǺǵЦȥųҶƽߵԱ˵
Ҷƽ֮Źµģ˶ܵã˵ʲôҲٴһˣֻ˵Ż죬Фп֮УһҪҶƽʹ޺÷кý
˳֮󣬱ðǳҲ볪ФһǼæӹͲһֵĻᣬֻ뵽ֻȥܵõ쵼ʶ
Феĸ質òҲұ֣Ȼһ˴޺÷û뵽ĸ質ôã˲Ű
ԭʱҶƽҲûзФʲôղŷ֣ƽʱûٳ裬ˣؼʱ¶һѡ


1092 ͬѧ
˵ڶ죬Ҷƽ޺÷˸ǣҪ뿪Ƶȥ޺÷ҪͬģҶƽȴǲͬͬҶƽͰФлԱѩһصء
˽ҶƽһФбǾ÷࣬ЩͿҶƽ˵ˣǰҺԱѩԱߣҲǲֱҶƽ˵ְ飬˻ҪȵصԺ뷨Ҷƽ˵һ˵
˶֮Ҷƽûоصĸĸ٣˴޺÷ﵱгڲȥطϵˣýЩ˻ҵæһЩ顣
ٵˣǵͶ࣬һҪϵһ滹Ҫֹñ˸ã˱ÿǵϸһЩС
ֿǣҶƽ˶Ժֻ֪ͨԼĽҶͽ£ǵͬѧһ˵ǽſ˸˹سǳһٷ൱ڼ棬һ£ȳ극ֱ֮ӻؼҿһ
һݣҶƽסס֮Фд绰֪ͨſ˾ˡ
һ˵ҶƽſʮָˣڵزֳˣȻǸؼǱȸؼֵǮ浣ιί֮ƾԭڲֹľǵزֳ
Ҷƽ֮ſǼҶƽ֣ҶƽҲǺܸˣһһ죬ЩͬѧкüûҶƽˣǶҶƽȴָƣ˵Ҷƽ˽иʲôɴ˿ԿǾۿйҶƽĹŵġ
ҶƽһЦЦ֪ͬѧǷǳʵҲܹͬѧǣֻʱޣûȥİˡ
ЩͬѧҶƽʺůͬʱҶƽҲʺů˽ǵЩͬѧǿ˵ǹһЩǳƽӣ˵ҲãϰղϲƽΪһ߼ԱȻ˸еĽԼʱ̫ˣͬѧһ˵˵ʱ̫ˣҲһΣδؾǺõġ
һ죬ͻȻţһȻǶصسҶƽʶҲߴ޺÷Ҫ֪ͨط쵼ô֪ϢȻֹˣ
ФæҶƽسسһҶƽǵͷ˽ϴЦҶƽţҶǺãҶǺá
ҶƽȻʶȴʶҶƽΪҶƽڶǾһˣˣĸԱ֪
Ҷƽ֮سǼæ˹Ҷƽ֣һسҶƽҲܲ˼ӣȻ˼ң˼ˣҲҪһòҲվһ֡
ͬѧسˣȻҲվǿһͬѧĽˣҶƽǸеҪԼӦͬѧǼ档
Ҷƽһ룬ǶФеУسһӣһᣬҹһȥ
Ҷƽһ˵سƺҶƽ˼ͬѧۻᣬʱã¼ҶƽﲻģԲð˽
Ҷƽһ˵æһҶƽ֣˵Ҷæҹһٹݷ
ȵһߣҶƽФʵУ֪ͨģ
ФæʸڷϵûаԼ֪֪Ϣİɣ
ФһۣҶƽû˵ʲôתͬѧ죬ͬѧڿس֮Ҳһʱ˽࣬оûȥµҶƽĹ
ҶƽҲܵӰ죬˵һᣬҶƽôһȥԷһ͹ȥ
ͬѧǱȥԷĵطҶƽҶƽһ룬ԱѩͰФûȴûߣҶƽߡ
ҶƽȻȥǸسȥҶƽسæӭӣҶƽֱ
Ҳûʲô̸Ҷƽֻ˵Լ˴λҪһ¼ѣûŴŵطϵͬ־½⣬سæ˵ûϵûϵҲֻǴ˵Ҷǻһ¡
Ҷƽ˵ͷԼչˣһЩ鲻鷳ǣæȥǵģѣǾͻȥˣͬʱӭ˽ȥ͡
سҶƽһۣʾڵķչҲܿ죬뽭ʡȻһľ룬ҲŶʣ˽ǱܵͶʵĻӿ춫صķչġ
ĻҶƽȻ֪˼ȻԼæʣ޺÷Ѿˣ뵽Ǹгϵгȥ˽ʵĻгһȥ
سһʱϲֻҪŴ޺÷ȥҶƽȻΣٽصķչҶƽǵԼļ磬ҲҪּ֧ķչ̹ȻһЩû
س̸һĻҶƽʾԼб£ʱȥ˽ϵǵģֻҪʵԽ
سæлҶƽֿ֣ˣֿԺҶƽ̸ѰҽеһߣߵĹ
ұǸߵӵĺܣϼ쵼ùϵȻڸؼĸλǻеʱٻصУ飬ȥִ۸ӵĹϵ
˰ҵĻҶƽ˼һ£еһµ˲ţǴϵȴǲУԵϼ쵼֮ĹϵǺǢ;Ȼ
ڰҵһҶƽһ룬оȻܰĺܿ죬ûͻΪԸֱĿ쵼˾Ϳϼȥ˲ˡ
ң﹤ĻԸԸȥ˽Ҷƽһʵ
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ƽ˵ʵڻֵ¹ʱܵ˽ȥԸ⡣
Ҷƽһ룬˵ȻԸ⣬Ҿ취㰲ţǱһȰȥθĸΣҲؼɲˣǱ߶ѧϰһǱߵĹ飬ȻҲڿ㵽ǱǹְʵְίͬĻȥְͬ⣬ֱӵȥʵְ
Ҷƽһ˵ָֻмˣҶƽһֱ֧֣ûҶƽߵλҶƽҪֻоȥ֧ҶƽҶƽˡ
ȻҶƽ֧Բðǳһ֣ͬʱҲһֶ˲ŵİϧڹؼʱȥһѣҾпܳȥõ壬㣬˲Զһ쵼Ҫע顣
̸аСʱФҲ֪Ҷƽ̸ЩʲôڼҲҪҶƽһģȵҳԺ󣬱ŽȥҶƽ棬ҶƽȴԱѩһˡ


1093 ߿
ҶƽԱѩһεദʱ򣬿ƺЩͣΪģΪ˹ȥĸ飬ƺͬʱ˴ʱ飬޷Ȼ̸Ż
һ룬Ҷƽ˵˵ˣΪʲô
Աѩһ˵ܺãʲô㲻Ҳһ𣿡
Ҷƽ黹໥ѧϰ𣿵Ǵ˻޷˵ڣֻ˵ڹ幤˳Ĳ˳ģ
Աѩ˳ô˳ôǶûǰ˳졣
ҶƽȻʧЦоԸû䣬ڹ幤˳Ļ취ȥɣԸⲻԸ⣿
ԱѩȻĶĬѣҶƽȥϢһʱû뵽Ϣһһֱ㹤źܴջ
Աѩ̧ͷҶƽһۣ˵ʮͨˣ˵ȥȥ𣿡
Ҷƽǹ˲ţΪ鴢˲ţⲻǺܺõֻҪԸ⣬Ұ뷨
ԱѩĶˣ˵ллôͣ߿λһû
Ҷƽһ˵ϵˣأ˵ǽ֪ܼܲһ档
ԱѩһҪǿˣӦĹȻҲԼļͥ뷨ֹϵˡ
ҶƽҲģʱҺܲûа취ֻżһ£˿ǲôġ
Աѩ˵ͷ˵ʱⲻ٣Ƕϣǹȥ黹ĿڹæֻĬĬɡ
ҶƽЦҷǳлˣҲֻܾҵһ£мҪ⡣
ԱѩʼҶƽ¶Цݣ̸аСʱԱѩ˳Фæ˽ȥ˵ƽ˵һ¡
һתͷҶƽʵʲô£
Фбĵض˵ƽ㿴ҵ˸سóʱˣٽһһЩ㿴ܲܰгкҵίίʲôģвУ
ФԼкҶƽĬȻָָ컨˵ܹ
Ф̧ͷһ컨ôߣҲŰҶƽһ˵ŬŬȡܹ컨壬ٸ޺÷кȻθ˼Ҵк
Фв֪Ҷƽ˵ʲô˼Ҷƽ˵ˣֲü׷ʣֻ˵ҿ϶ŬģƽһҪҴк
Ҷƽͬѧ棬˵Ҳֻ˵ʱ˵һ°ɣԼһҪŬС
Ҷƽ˵Фи˵ĺܣоҶƽӦˣȻҶƽһȥ۲͡
ҶƽӦһʴ޺÷Фе֯ʲôģûʲôĻһаտͻĻһ¡
ҶƽͬѧһһٷȻ̸ЦʮǢһСʱķұɢȥˡ
ȵɢȥҶƽ߿ȥһ绰ղԱѩʵˣ֮ǰϵ˸߿һĺӣȻҲĺӣֻǸ߿ûУӦźӹġ
һ绰Ҷƽǵ֪ź߸ϣٵһȡڱͷһȣŽҶͽ¹
㣬ҶƽҶڵĹôҶǻشͦõģġ˽һۣҶƽеʵЩˣΪһֱСسûҪȥлߵĵλ
ðһæȻĽڰΣҶƽ֮ûмذԼĽ㣬˵ΪĸϼҵԵʣҲԶˣǾͲˡ
軹ǲԸ⵽Ҷƽһʵ
ҶԸⰡҲûа취㲻õǣǻչ˺ġ
ҶƽͷʵˣһתͷµڵĹô
æаɣҶҶܿҲûʲôѡ
Ҷƽͷ֪ߣǿӣ˲Ҷô϶ǳؿضԴǡ
㡢һģҶƽǰѸ߿ȵˣҶһ߿ǾǷǳˣ֮ĹϵһֱֵĺܺãҼӵʱҶǷǳˡ
֪Ҷƽ߿֮ʲô̸ҶǴźߵԱߣҶƽ߿ˡ
Ҷƽ΢΢һЦŸ߿˵
߿һۣ˵Ҳǡ
Ҷƽ˵Ϊʲôһˣѵ˽𣿡
߿Ҳúܿ࣬һҲǲģڲ൱Ҳһ˵һ㶼ؾǡ
û뵽߿Լ˽ͦ࣬ҶƽЦûа취лĻ㻹һɣ
Ҷƽ⻰߿һʱĬŮ϶ҪһǰθõϹҲõģǿܾͻʧԸȥҵҶƽ˵ȥҸ˽顣
Ⱥӳ˵ɡ߿ؽ仰
ҶƽҲĬȻһ˵һؽһ˰ɣ
ˣȥʲôźȥˡ߿ص
Ҷƽһ˵ίˣлҡ
߿Ҳúûˣǰɳɣ
һ죬Ҷƽо߿ڵöˣ˵һỰ߿ڱݣҶƽźӻнһȥϼҡ
Ǹո׼ʱȴͻȻ˼سŵģҶƽһæֹ˵Ҫųĵȥ
һҶƽֹسеǳΣǲòҶƽкѾˣҶƽֽųΪؼֲʲôΣգҪ
ʻǰĵ·ϣҶһ𣬿˿˵ô
Ҷƽ֪ĸ߿˵ðɣһ飬Ը⡣
Ҷǲǹȥ°ɣ֮ͺˡ
ҶƽĬȻãûлشҶĻ˵Щʲôãȫǹȥʱˡ
ƽˣǸˣԽߣǼĻԽˣ˵ٵ˵ǺûǲãҶͻȻ˵
ҶƽȻһ˵⵹һûش⣬ҲԽԽԶ·ҪȥҲһֻίǣ˵飬Ȼ󣬵һˮҲ쵱á
˵ٵԽٵԽ࣬ҲﲻʲôæˣȫԼȥҲǵĵġҶص
㵣ģҶƽǾͲõˣԼĴҪЩˣǹƽӣȥԼ飬ֻҪƽƽͺˡ


1094 
ҶƽŽ߿ĺӸĬһϼңʱүүҶѾʮˣԴҶǻص˼ҶƽҶҵԵʣеž壬ҶڼһЩϻһڡ
һصңҶƽȥүүҶҶƽһҶϸ棬ץסҶƽ֣ǣȻȽϴˣ˵Ƿǳʮ㡣
үүǳãҶƽҲǷˣļ˵壬ڿүү廹ԣԼ彡ˡ
ҶƽѸĬ˹ȥүүһ˵үүһμĬԭʱ֪ҶƽһӣڼˣԼﰡ˼ҿ϶Ƿǳ˷ܵġ
ĬԵ÷ǳƽСȴǳĶ࣬Ƹ߿ƽʱûٽԸҶƽҲ֣ԼԸ񲻴
ȻˣҶƽܰѸĬؼҲǷǳ˵ˣ߿òͬѸĬؼңҲǸ߿ݣȻǲҶƽѸĬؼҵġ
ҶĬǳˣĸ׹ĬʱǸϲòˣƽӣܼһӣˣܲȻոߣֻҪԼӣʲôҪˡ
һ˶ʱڣҶҲǺӣ￴һУҲٶ˵ʲôˣһ̫үԼĶڵ˴٣ڴûвͽģ£ϲҶƽ˵ˣǸŮһ绰°æ죬°첻ˣԳ棬˼֪Ҷƽĸףû˲ӵġ
Ҷƽһл֪֪϶ҶҲѧҶƽ˵
ĬʱԵ׽һЩǹϲҸŪŪǣ˵ԵʣȥȻԵúܳĬһ֣߿
׽һЩҶƽȴǲô׽Ȼ߿Ҷƽİְ֣ǼҶƽʱȻẰһְ֣ҶרŽҶƽְ֣С
⺢ӷǳľҶƽҲ޿κΣӵԸǺתģȻ˵Լְ֣ҲνˣҲ֪Լһǿİְ֣ͻԼ׽ˣϾڵ˶ƴûеƴʱ򣬿϶뵽Լˡ
ҶĬĵΪҶ֮ǰΪĹùãȻӽĬȥܶ£ڼʱûҪȥ衣
Ҷƽ͸ĸүүһģԸⲻԸȥʹԸȥУȥسҲǿԵġ
һ˵⻰ǷȥУϰ߳еԸ£ͦõģүүҶȻҲԸ⵽ھ˺óһʱ䣬оڼãҶνȥΪҶƽû
ĸԸȥҶƽҲûа취ŮТ˳ǸĸԸȥУҳ˵ʵڵûʲôɺõģرĲûũĿãڳũãֻǳũһˡ
ڼ˰죬ҶƽֻǺ͸ĸүү棬ҪȥˣȥȻЩᣬҲ֪Ҷƽæûڼʱ̫һкܶҪҲΪѡ
ҶƽѸĬͻȥȻǺ͸߿뿪˶֣Ȼתɻص˽
ص˽ԺҶƽһ룬֯ǿйһ°Űҵ飬ʹ޺÷һ£ðҵ˽ߵʵְΪְĻҪصļ𣬴޺÷޷֤ðҵؼΪҪίǵͬ⡣
Ҷƽһ룬ɴðҵߵʵְɣֱӽصļԭʱҲûŰϼҵ˸һ£Ŀռܴߵߵĸλȥ֮󣬵ҪԼİײУʱҪԼİˡ
ҪһЩֻҪһпܳΪԼİףФȻͬԼͬѧȱһ޷нһˡ
Ҷƽǿһ˵£ǿȻκεķԣҶƽʡίίˣ˵ǸһƽڶҪʵʵ˿춯˽ȫҶƽĿ֮¡
ҶƽһԸǿȥз淢ҵ⣬ί֯ӱԺ󣬱ǱίǣίѾȽӵ˴޺÷֪ͨݵ֪֮ʲô˼ˣҶƽҪˣȻԲţǲˣֱӰ˼˽ίˣο޺÷棬Ҫȥ˽̣ڱø˽Ǳṩ㡣
ȥԺίͬˣѰҵ֯ϵȥͬʱҲСٻ֯ϵȥСٻǰҵţҲڹعҪһȥɡ
һұȫҵ˽УФº֪飬Ǵ绰ңұԼ˽ְ飬ФһɵˣҶƽңΪʲôأ
ФиеǳˣҶƽҵĹϵãĹϵãȻڵ绰ﻹͰ˵£һУƽҵ˽ȥģͦˣҲȥˣͬѧ֮䣬Ҷƽǿ˭ϵǳǰ˭˭㲻Ҫƽ˱ˡ
һ˵ФȻ˵ʲôˣǹµ绰󣬻ǾҶƽûж԰Һã治
ҹµ绰֮ΰҶƽҶƽȥԲȥȼٵģڹ幤˳ĻҲȥ˽Ͼ˽أأ϶ÿչȻҶƽ֧Ҳѵġ
ұȥ˽ί֯Ҷƽ׵ˣǿ֯һҲҵң̸ҰסרŸһ磬Ҷƽæûʱ䣬þ֮ꡣ
˼֯ΪææȥҵЩеⲻȥҲûʲôѣҲֻ֯ϰæȰ
֮󣬰ұǵŹϵİţһְҪίٿίаţ˱õȵίоС
ϣҶƽ֣ǿһŰһ˳˷Сٻ֮ǰҶƽʶٴμ棬΢ЦҶƽƺɩӡ
ڳԷʱҶƽ㰲ǿðȵǱϰ࣬ȸһʱĹٽȲðҷֹʲôֻðϤһ¹ϵ飬Ϥ֮о
ǿӦҶƽҪһаҶƽķԸ죬ҸչܻоʺϣðϤһͱȽ˳ˡ


1095 
Ҷƽ͹쵼һкڵιڼ䣬һλĹϵȽҪãΪԭֱӺһкǰԱѩ벿ˡ
ԱѩҶƽĹϵûʣ֪Ҷƽϼˣմ״ʵģôʰ
˵Աѩڹսϵ˲ٵ˵벿ͷҲʺϵģȵĹϵǿԱѩ벻ҶƽİЧôߣĵܿˣһ֪ô£Աѩȥ˹ˡ
ߣҶƽȥϤһʱĹ󣬱ʽΪĸΣΪ֪أҶƽϼңҶƽҪҶ˵ûвͬģһƽҲˣʱԸҶƽĹϵֽˡ
ƽʱҪ˽ߣеʱȥʡǲμʡίίᣬʡίίϣҶƽȽȥ׷ʲôոʡίίôᣬڱ֣»˵ķУҸҪŰ鲻ϲ֪ǲٲԭ򣬷ŰĹϵһ㣬ԶûβɶôС
ҶƽҲβɶ̬ˣʡίίŰ鲻¼ϵ볣ί֮ϵʵƽеģȻڼһ࣬ڳίƵ£ǵȨʵܵƵġ
ʵϣҶƽȪ漸˵ĹϵȽϺãʡί쵼Ųٵͬˣڴ£ҪŰһŰδʤֻҶƽڲŰ鷢ʲôìˣϾŰʡίǣϱʮˡ
ٲδܽʡί쵼㣬֮󣬱㱻ҷίθȥˣӲίֻص˲ίȥʵǲˬϾҪ;дչҪڵطϽĥûĥ϶ʲôķչģٲȻصίȻǸɲ;ˡ
ϽгһʡΣٲȱϽΪʡУгһְʮҪҲٲֱӴλõȥг˶ǴӸʡȥתεġ
ҶƽԴûйע˽רԼһֱҪлϵĸĸʼûܳУҪһѻĸˣ
͸һƽһ£ҶƽҪлĸһƽһ룬ĸϵͳ̣һҪһĲۣǲҪ㣿
ҶƽʾһҪ㣬ʹҲҪ㣬˽ܹ뵽˽طһĵ飬ֻ˽ˣŻ˽˽ʵһķչ
ҶƽĻһƽֻõͷͬ⣬Ҷƽµʱ̫еѹҶƽ뷨ҲǶԵģֻкúõȥִвС
ڸһƽ֮ͬҶƽٿίί飬о𻧼ĸ£᳣ίϯ飬ȡ˸һƽĻĸҶ׷׵ͷͬ⣬Ҫ˽طйУܰǿǹ׬Ǯҵˣ˶ƽȵģΪ˽˱Ҫһȣֺܵõߣ˾ûȨǲƽȵġ
Ҫʵг򻯣ڳٽлķչ˲Уûгл˿ڵĳֻ֣Ǹ˸¥ûõġ
Ҷƽ֪ߵѴѼҴڹżµָоǷǳܵģֻΪ˽еǲŻذﵱԼļҡ
ҶƽǿƽߣҪҪʵóίľ飬ùܹ뵽صᵱУΪ˽һӡ
ũд򹤵һֱ˽дһֱũϼңضͯȻ˵ҲúӵõĽҪ߰ѧѣΪûĻڣҲûиָһҼȫĴۺܸߡ
ҶƽĻ̨ԺǷ򸾾Ȼ˽л˽Ժ󣬾ͿܵߣѧԲûǮҲֱգ͵ȫһ
һ͵İҶƽרٿ飬һٶ˽ĳƺţΪ裬ƣƽ
Ҷƽֵʱ򣬸жˮƴҪһ˵ϿɣطϿԶҲﵱɼңﵱɼңôܹȰط
Щ˸߲ҵӣҶƽֻ֪дȺڵĽǶȳȥ飬һǳȷ£Ϊ˶һĴҲֵõģȻȺڿ϶᲻ġ
ҶƽڷչõͬʱһΪһʹ£õϿɣһЩط̨̳лߣ뼮ػڡ
Ҷƽڵνʡίί֮뻻죬쵼㣬Ϊμλ飬ʢٿҲǺܼ͹ԽԽչˣΪһ쵼ɲʢǷǳģһ쵼ĳ֣ùһᷢչԽԽá
Ҷְ߲֯ȹƽԶٵྩίǣǱ֪ίԱݣȫ˴ίԱ
صУƽԶҶƽƽԶǶ˵ƽ¾쵼ˣȫ˵ģûȻ֪֣˴ǱߣҲˣҪƽʱʱ䣬Իҡ
Ҷƽ֣İɣһʱҾ͹εҿǳעĿϰչڴܴ󡣡
ƽԶͷһ쵼ˣǵĹƵģ᲻ǰƽֻҪǱķչٶȣκһҶǱȲǵģǸǿĹҳҪǸ
Ҷƽ⻰صص˵ͷʮģ˿ڶ࣬ԴҲǱȽϷḻ˲ſƼҲڲϵطչӴгһᳬԽֻҪַչȥǳ顣
ƽԶһģҶƽеʮ㣬ҪĹڵطϷչãطϷչˣȻǸˣĹ
ںƽԶ֮ҶƽصмƽѩӴˣƽѩҲԼĹȻһֱڵţԴ˺ӣǷںˣڹûʲôںӴˣڹһЩɼ
ƽѩĻҶƽȻᷴԣŮҲҪģƽѩҪ϶ҪͬҪ
һ£ƽѩҪҶƽطϹܴһ𣬶һ飬֮ǰƽѩҲģǺһкӣ͸о󷽱㣬δܳУںӴˣ뷨ˡ
ѩ㵽طϣô죿Ҷƽһ룬顣


1096 ι
Ҷƽ˵ˣƽѩһȥǵģûаְ֡
Ҷƽһ룬˵ͬ𣿡
ҶƽʵҶ᯵ƽѩȴ˵϶ͬ⣬ҺȥˣȥôУ
ҶƽоҲһ⣬ܲܰѶһڼַ޺ӷ־ӵǺܶ쵼ɲĳ̬ΪǵҹæĲôּ¡
ȡ˵裬öһȥȻӿ϶ġҶƽ˵
ƽѩ˵ͷ׼Ҷ飬֮ҪҶƽȥΪԼھһ̫¶ˣ֪ҶƽΪһ棬᷸һЩܵһĻͻࡣ
뿪֮Ҷƽǻص˽ƽѩȻһ˺žһ𣬵ոջص˽ԶϷĹʡ㷢һ£ʡίίίѩΥΥͱ飬ɴǣһܵĸɲйʡӣҹʡƶһɲĺõطоҶƽǰʡְιʡίίίһְ
һͻȻְҶҲûкҶƽ˵ȻҲӦǰ֪ҶƽҶƽ֪ϢԺѾˡ
ǳͻȻҶƽû˿˼׼ʡԶڱûȥǸطͻȻȥʡίίίǣǸе˼顣
Ժ鲿ȥǽ̸Ҷƽæϸǣ鲿̸֪һʲô뷨
ҶƽһȻе⣬ǲܲԼһשҪᣬȥϣǾȥˡ
Ҷƽ鲿˱̬ʾԸǵǱ죬Լ޷뽻
鲿ʾʲôѿϵȽϸһ˵ĵطᣬǱְ󣬿һܺõĶ֯ҪλɲĿġ
һ鲿˵ҶƽǸеεĵܿܶһһֱھ÷ְʡʵҲһ÷ֻһѡ
鲿̸껰֮󣬱Ǹһ鲿ȥʡʽǱְ˽ߵĹȥһ½ӣȽӺ֮ǹȥ
鲿ĻҶƽҲûʲô˵ģһз̸֯껰֮ص˾ǵļƽѩƽѩһǰһо⣬׼ȥ˽ôҪϣʺĵطȥĸڽʡ
ƽ㲻ȥǸطǸطԶҪǸȥҲ鷳ƽѩЩ˵
ƽѩ˵ӣҶƽѾˣұ֯Ҳû뵽ȥһطȥ˵ʲôˣȥͰ˵һ顣
ƽѩҲźƽԶ˵һ˵£ǺҶƽһƽԶļһҶƽƽԶкƽˣã̸һ̸顣
ƽѩ˵֣ƽôҪȥְⲻǰƽ𣿡
ƽѩ˵⻰ƽԶûĻ˵ƽȥоģƽһֱھ÷ְûоĥȥϿ˵һĥڹϾסĥƽ˵һǳҪľƽҪĹȥǱߵĹ
Ҷƽһ˵֣ΪʲôҪҽĥѵʲô𣿡
ƽԶһ˵뵱ȻҪǣǹҪչҪĸɲ飬鲿רһ֣ʮһ֣𿼲δҪ쵼ɲֹҵĸɲݶӲֶϲ㣬ڶʮһֵ֮ϣҪԭٲҲ֮ϵģѾˣҪϧᡣ
һƽԶ˵飬Ҷƽеܾȣû˵鲿һʮһ֣˵֮󣬱Ǹеܺˡ
ڸɲϣһֱһ󱸸ɲƶȣܽ󱸸ɲϣô;ͻǳ˳Ȼ󱸸ɲԱ֮󣬲˵ͻһУп;˵֣ҲпȻ˺δؾһܵõá
˺󱸸ɲƶǴҷǳ֪ģڵɲʱѾ鲿ʡ󱸸ɲˣ˵ʮһֶȴǵһ˵
Ҷƽòȥϣƽѩ첻صǸطһôȥ
ƽԶҲȥһ¼źӶȥɣƽһú
ƽԶ֧ƽѩȥʡҶƽһ𣬶Ҷȴǲͬ⣬Լְͬ飬ƽѩͻȻ˵ˣܺҶƽһ𣬱ʲôǿˡ
ƽѩһۣƽԶ˵ȥɣҺƽ̸һ̸
֪ƽԶҪҶƽ̸ʲôƽѩҶƽһۣתȥˣȵȥԺƽԶǶҶƽƽиֲò˵һ¡
Ҷƽһ˵֣ʲô¾˵ɡ
ҶƽһۣƽԶ˵ƽҪעһЩˣȻΪ˹İӣ
û뵽ƽԶ˵£ҶƽǾһ£ܾȵӣƽԶס֯ʮһֵĸɲԱȻҲǱȽעˣ᷸һЩĴ󣬶⣬вٷҵ˼𣿡
Ҷƽеϳһ亹æ˵֣ʱɼǰѩġ
ƽԶİɣ²ѩ֪ģúȥǱùȡһõı֣ܵϿɡ
ҶƽͷӦоԼƽԶǰʲô¶ˣеε飬ҺƽԶûôĻжѿ
ƽԶ̸껰ҶƽƽѩؼңһҪƽѩȥʡˣһȥ˵ֻʲô飬ƽѩߣöˡ
ԺҶƽƽѩһȥϣȥǱ֮߱󣬾ͰѼҰᵽϣ﹤ͰѼҰ
ƽѩȻʹӦ£ڶ㿪ʼýҶƽ֮ȥʡ
Ҫص˽ȥӣѾ򽭶ʡίŰѾ֪飬Ҷƽ뿪ʡȻûʲôҶƽĹϵͲǺܺҶƽˣ͡
Ҷƽ֮˭˽ίǣҪһǣһƽгڲøһƽøһƽҶƽߵ̫ˣίǲá
һʱ֮ҲҲʵίѡŰ鿼ǰʱøһƽһίһı˵


1097 
Ҷƽص˽һƽԼĹҶƽͻȻ뿪һƽϱʾᣬͷȴǷǳˣΪҶƽ˵һԽĸɽҶƽˣпȨлίһְ
ȻʡͷδίǣҶƽ˽ҲǸһʱˣ˭˽ĵλˣοʡҪʱί
һƽһ룬ȻǷǳ˵ģŴһҶƽҶƽ֮Ҳǽһĸ飬ָǷǳҪģǹҲһԵ֣Ҫϧġ
Ҷƽ֮ǰӲǽĿ뺺Ⱦһλ̸˽ͶʵлͶʣϣǵĽĿԽԽá
ȶҶƽȥҲǸеǳźڻĵĹٳ˽⣬ҶƽĸɲôصأȻ˽ְˣӦһְֱȥӦص˱صĹ
ȻǻĹٳʵ飬ɲҪ֯ţôôģҶƽ˺һȻǻȥˣڽĿȥ˿ĵ
Ҷƽص˽ס׼ٴηؾǣ鲿һȥʡոջصסС˵绰ǲҪˣȻҪߣôͺ˵һ
СҶƽóʱûϵˣϾ˽ĹæûʱȥЩ£ƽԶĸ룬͸ʲôˣΪһ쵼ɲⷽ滹ǽһЩĺãҪǳʲô¡
Сĵ绰ҶƽǸԼûüȥ֪ͨһЩѣֻͬǽи뿪ˣӭԺпȥ͡
СЦһȥģǽûлһԷҶƽʾУίǻҪأ
Сźҡҡͷ˵һأǹҶ˵绰Ҷϵ绰֮ҶƽЦЦһ룬ʵС֮Ҳûʲôֻһ̸ѰˣΪʲôŮ֮䲻ꣿ
Ҷƽһ룬̾һЩ¾ǷǵУǲΪʲôģȻСһЩĺáչҶϵ绰õͳ˴绰ˣǶҲ˵һЩϢǲġ
ҶƽǣǱǸеЩʧ䣬ҶƽڽʡĿɽûҶƽڽҵͻܵһĴǶҶƽȥеĵˡ
ΪֻܱһԼҶƽȥ飬ȻףԸҶƽµĹλ˳˳
ҶƽǶˣһֱǵѵģ׹ǣ˵ˣϹϵˣֻ˼ˣԵЩˣһʱǷǳУоҲͦõġ
ͽǽиҶƽֱӷǣȻ鲿ͬ·ɵ˹ʡ
ʡ䣬ݻʱܿ˱꣬·𲻻ӭǵģ븱һ˷ɻϵʡίǰɽԵӭӡ
ɽҶƽ˷ɻ֣֪֮ɽ֮ԻᵽӭӣΪԵʣΪԵʣɽڸԵҶƽ͹ҲǸеˣΪչҶƽһʡίίȫûбҪø͹
ǸˣɽòӣҶƽ󣬿ȥԵʮУҶƽ֣Ȼһ˽γʻʡίԺ
еľȻ޷˽ȵģȻǹʡʡᣬǾ÷չҲûҲȡ
ڳΧһУҶƽطҪʲôأôȥչ۵κһطչǵһλģطչôʱˣȻչѵܷ֮չˣ
ҶƽеһЩѶȣƽԶ˵ˣһĻᣬҪڼĵطһɼֻܰԼֻҪ취ȥãǻлõġ
ƺҶƽ£ɽڳЦŶҶƽƽͬ־ݾòֳѩ¼㵽֮󣬿ضԶ
ɽ˵⻰Ҷƽ΢΢һЦֻҪаǵ֧֣Ź˳ģҾͻﵱԼļңȡѹչ
ɽĿһ⻰ϱЦǹͬŬɣС
Ҷƽ˵ͷֳĬҪ࿴룬ٱ̬ٷԣ˵ԱǵĽ͸ǣʡĹǳҪǷǳӵģҶƽӶغйǶԹʡһ޴֧֣һҪҪøĹ
ӻʻʡίԺưãԱæҶƽ˴ɡȻͽ˰칫¥ĻңʡϸɲۼӭҶƽĵȻҪǣһ鲿ĸ
ɽҶƽ֮󣬴ұվӭҶƽһУɽøǰ棬Ȼں棬Ҷƽ
ߵҵмλãҶƽ£ɽֻ飬˵ҵӭҶƽͬ־ĵ
ɽһ껰ұǹҶƽϸɨһۻ᳡ʡûڣ뵳Уͬѧǹʡʡûܹ
ɽ򵥽䣬ɸҶƽְľҶƽΪʡίίԱί
벢ûֱҶƽΪίǣΪȻʡУǲǸʡУǸʡУְȨʡί벻ȥܣҪʡίҶƽְ
һͷҲҶƽߵʡίίҪίһְǵְ
֮󣬱ֽһЩԹʡͬʱѩܰҪһѵʶһҪϸҪ󣬼ǿ裬ϡ
ڸһ仰ɽеЩˣΪø˵ԹϣʲôϣѵϻΪһѩò
ȻﲻˣǰɽҪƻӭʾָʾȥ죬֮Ҷƽ˱̬ʾԼǳϹһ羰ĵط͵ǷǳĲҪһʵҪøʡίͳһ쵼£㡾ְأ佾꣬á
ҶƽϽн쵼ɲϽнԲܽúֻܶ࣬Ǽ򵥵ر˱̬ҶĵʱҲûʲôо֮󣬴Ҳǹƻӭûʲôĸо


1098 ίԺ
ҶƽְĻ鿪Ժ鲿Ӳʡί֯Ĺɽʡί֯°ٽͬӲ죬ҶƽΪʡίίΪһ࣬ȻҲӲ칤ˡ
ҶƽòֻǽҶƽ˳Ӳһ¹ҲǿԵģôҾҶƽǳ⣬ȻҪ͹Ȼ֪쵼ʲô⣬Ҷƽˡ
ȻǼҶƽķðɽͳ°ٽ˶Сз⣬Ҫ֪ϵشڹŴ˵߻ʵԶĵطֵطΪ£ܵ͢ӣֱӰҶƽ˹ƺղ֮⡣
ʡί쵼㣬ҶƽȻֻһʡίίʡеίǣʹӴˣΪʡʡίʡڵأڹȥĻ൱ھᶽλӣʡίʡʡֱŵ˵ĳԺţԣʡеίǲһ㰡
ڹʡӲһȦ֮󣬱ǻص˾ǣҶƽȷ֮ٿȫ쵼ɲᣬʽְ⼸ȵίϤ˽һ
ίԺڳƫһĵطĵλʡίԺռˣʡԺʡίԺ
ʡί֪֯ͨί鳤ܵʡίԺͬҶƽȥίϤܽӵ֪֮ͨʡίԺҶƽ
ܿȥһʱӣܳķ忴ȥǳݣ볣ĹԱ󲻴һĹԱִ󸹱ӣߵﶼͷ
Ҷƽһѩµ飬ί鳤൱ѩĴ飬ѩ£ûǣ˵˻ǿԵģԼոչҪһϤˣܴһԽˣȰԼ
Ϊί鳤һίίһ׼˲ţ˵Ǹһӵ飬Ǵί鳤λֱ鳤ģڵһ鳤֮ίίһְ
ʮСĽѩڵίڼ䣬缫ΪԵΪ鳤˵˲ٵѩҲ벻еʱҪŻһֱѩ̨Ժûܵκεǣ
Ϊѩܰһг֯ܵǣ飬гһֱֹܳǽѩұ֮һͨѩ̵˲Ǯƣ֯ĸεĹԱ֯˵㣬Ҳ˲ٵĲƲ
ʱ֯͸гȱλûвϣҶƽ֮󣬰൱ڻû룬г̳һԱϽ˵ѩĵ̨ҲһĹϵΪ̳˶֪ѩͣ˼ˮݣ԰вһЩѩϸɲѩѩű¶ܵĴ
ѩ£Ȼܽѩλӣɽ˼ͨɵķʽҶƽ˹ίΡȻвǸʡУһίһְίίεģֻҪίǣʡίίһְ֮вǸʡУгְֻܴ븱ʡС
˵Ҷƽߵίǣ̬Ȳ֪ҪΪʡɲҪʡίǵϿɣҪõϿɣһ˵ֻҪʡίϿɣһҲϿɵģǲ֪ںֿǣȻҶƽɵطʡе²
Ҷƽĵ˵е⣬ûе⣬˵е⣬ǾҶƽ·˵ûе⣬ôҶƽϤ»ȡ̬ȣõٵȨڻҪһ£һҶƽ̬ȡ
ҶƽһίԺίԺһϵίԺ涼һЩȽϳ¾ɵķӣשߵģȥһЩˣǽϵɽдеڸݣԵúһЩ⾳ĵطһеĵطſ侯վڡ
һųʻŴ򿪣ֱʻίԺȻһС¥ǰͣ£ίǰ칫Ҿ
Ҷƽӳ¿һеԺڷǳİоƺûƵģΪȫеģƽʱû˽£Ժû߶һܲ飬ʹûԱҲҪԺڲԱ֡
һҶƽû˵ܿ࣬Ҳ͸είᣬܸίǵ뷨䣬ҪҶƽʮꡣ
һλǣܸĽ˼·ܲеЩأźѩʱǸеܳˣҪźһλµίǣһᣬѹ
ʮˣûôľˣÿÿпͶͺ˶ȻϷǴеĿֻԼ⣬뿪ڵĹλȻһһĹλϡ
˴Э߹ᶼУܹܼҵȴһֱûб䣬˵벻ʵеûкλӰˣ˿ȥźˣ쵼ֲԸ⣬ֻλӼȥˡ
ҶƽϿʲô⣬ܸҶƽ߽˰칫¥˰칫¥֮Ҷƽ߽һ¥İ칫ңӦί칫Աİ칫ңһȥ˵ļžγԱȡ
ҶƽûֱȥԼİ칫ңͻȻ֮ߵһ¥һ칫ſڳ濴˿һмԱ˵죬еĻֻ
ͻȻҶƽĹԱһʱûзӦܼȴ˹һ֣ܳǼæֹͣ죬Ȼؾˡ
Ҷƽû˵ת¥ȥİ칫¥¥ί칫İ칫ң¥ԺԼİ칫ҡ
Ҷƽİ칫ԭѩİ칫ңѩ飬мίԱڴѲİ칫ңѲԺܰ˽ɨһ£°ѷã׼ίǰ칫ʹá
֪ǲܾòӦǽϵǷֻȡҶƽһǿ༸ֹǽϣӦѩȥġ
һ뵽ѩ򸯰ܱ飬ٿֻҶƽеʮֵķֻ̣ҪйǰʲôҲɣֻ𵽹֮⣬ʲôҲ𲻵
һ룬ҶƽֻܵժɣдúܺãһҲʲô壬㰲˸ɣ
Ҷƽôһ˵һæӦϰ˸ȡ


1099 
֪ҶƽΪʲôҪֻȡΪǲԸ⿴ǰκĶɣȻֻѺҪעࡣ
಻˵ģģѩһܴĽѵ鳤˭Υ˵͹ǶҪϳͲǿɶԼලңҶƽܰ˰ֻȡ֮˵
һоҶƽǲͬҪȥලһЦôȥලǣⲻǱһ̬ǧҪ档
һ룬û뵽Ҷƽ֪˼Ƶģ˵֪ǿܲҼලңǲҼලҪȺڼලýලôһһϵëǾͲиһЩΥΥ͵顣
Ҷƽ˻һ˵ܸое˼·ˣίôһξ̸飿Ⱥڼලýල⵽ʲô˼˼ƺ̫Ƚ˰ɣȺڼලýලȻǿԵģѵҪ𣿻ֻǱһ̬
ҶǣסʲôģҴȥһ°ɣܲýҶƽĻת˻⣬˵Ҷƽס⡣
ҶƽΪʡίίʸֵһʡ쵼סԾסʡίԺ棬Ҷƽһ£ίǣӦסίԺԸίԺһסӦġ
ܵĻҶƽס㰲һ¼ɣάǽйҺ̸һ¡
άίǣҶƽոչҪͨһ£ܰάийʽؽ̸һ̸˽һȫеҼһ¸顣
άΪίǣԭѩĸ֣ϴڼܿյ״̬˵һ㣬ǵ֣ʵһгȨûУѩίһ죬ΪרְǣֻЭίǹֹܵĹҲֻһЩȺ֯ͬʱũҵũĹ쵼ڷֹܣȨǺ飬ټѩȨҪ㱨ֱѩ˻㱨һȨȻѩܿˡ
άʵɸɲרŵҲ˵Ƕƽģڵ֮󣬹ûʩչɼûټѩżȻû˳ǨͬɵĸɲеѾгίˣһίǡ
ҶƽĵάʱûʲôоȻ˵Ҷƽרŵģǲ֪߹ϹٳϹٳأϲŻɲ裬绺ûжغּȵķչ飬ʲôǰ;ɼֻˡ
ھʲôʱܻصȥ»ȥԺֻǵһͨĸɲҲԸ⣬ɽ߻ʵԶĵطʵûʲô˼ȻʡУǲȫףҳҲãûʡеӣҶƽҲǸı䲻ʲô
άʵЩĻ䣬ܸҶƽʱҲûжپͰ͵Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽֻ֮ǺһҶǣûл˵ˡ
˿ҶƽǶ˵άǣҸյЩ̸һ̸һ£һһĹô
Ҷƽʵ⻰άпһ˵ҶʲôԸհ켴ǣѩ£ڴƺȻĻ̻̣Ҷʱ򡣡
Ҷƽһ˵ǣǸǣҪϣ˰ɣ
άһ˵һ£ʱúܿ죬֪ѾˣݵǳݣҾȻûиܵʱúܿ죬Ҷǣ㵽һоط̫ˡ
άеĻҶƽеЩĹ̬ȿ϶ǲеģίԺʼǸоߵĸɲЩ뵡ϰڼ£ίӣ֪ѩڵʱǲӣֹ;״̬޷ӦǰĹƵģøıһС
Ҫı䣬ȵô쵼ӿʼάΪԼĸ֣һһĸɲԼһĵĻұۣ
Ҷƽϸһ룬˿ά˵άǣһõطϰݣԸ⿴ģǵĸɲˣϰȴݣͲ˰ɣ䶼ᣬȻطΪ٣Ҫɳһҵ֯ȺڶһǣǲʬλزͣǸܷӣһȺܹµˣǸǣԺϵ»Ҫ㣡
ҶƽĻάĿ⿴ҶƽеЩԾѾĻ䣬û뵽Ҷƽֱӵ˵飬ѩαͽթеҶƽϵϣһλǣӦǼǷȥ
άвӣҶƽҲǾ쵽άĵìܣԼܹȥ£õһ֡
άǣҶǴصĸɲ뱾˲һҪ˹ȻطչЩ󣬵ԽĵطԽлһɼֻҪЯǴпΪġҶƽ˼һ£˵һЩĵĻ
Ҷƽȳά˵ҶǣطĸɲɢȺڵ꣬νɽˮ֮أɳһɼѰ
Ҷƽû뵽˵⻰˵ɲɢǿΣϰյ꣬ǿ˼빤ֻҪԸȥпΪοǵ쵼ɲѾͺˣ˵Щٳ֣Ǳǵĸɲ飬Ӷƶеķչ㲻Ըٹһݵͺһѹ
ҶƽĲӣάҲܵ˸Ⱦź뿪¿ʼȻ˵ʱҲǲˣʱҶƽһɼ˵һܴת
Ҷǣģ˵ôɣҾôɣά˵
ҶƽԵúܸˣ˵ڵݷ·һŰֽȫôȥ滮ôȥ裬Ȼ֯ϸһʩչֽŵĻᣬһҪץסΰ˵춷ض˶ڲ˶춷ضطãݽҹ߾һǳС
Ҷƽ׳־άȻǸܵȾˣ˵Ҷǣ˵ûҸմӾʱҲ뷨㻽е룬ллҶǣ
תͷ˿άУҶƽлңҪжģֻжʵǵ룬һŬȥʵǵ룡


1100 ӷϴ
Ҷƽάе̸ܳɹ˵άһĹץסһҪ֣άΪίһĵĻίĹ϶ҪܵӰ죬Թ±Ҫһõĸ֣϶
ȻίǵְȨûԭǰˣϾĵ֣ίû࣬Ķֳг˵Ȩĺߣǵλߣǿӵ
ڰάԼͨԼһЩ飬ڳȥ˼һЩ£ԴˣҪһѵʶ
Ҷƽά̸һ磬ϵʱίίǱίԺҶƽ˼棬ȻһԶٷΪҶƽӼϴ
Щί棬гԺίάСί鳤⣬ίǿίίίίг߷ίгþ꣬оίСΰԼί
Щίί˺Сΰû֮⣬ȫҶƽӷˣֹٳϵӭ˭᲻ڵģҶƽԼӷϴȻҲ᲻ˣеʱҪҴһƬ
Ϊί鳤ٳһУίԺԱߵݴƵͲͣݴƵǰдڸݴƵ꣬ίĶдȻ
ݴƵȻίӴҵλɽӴμݴƵľҶƽΪƵľһͬ־ûϵʱ򣬲ŷȻһŮˣҲ˵ίĽӴһŮˣֶẓ́־֪Ů˻ôˣֵʱҶƽǰһ
ź̵ԼʮңεŮȻ϶ûжʮŮˮ飬ȴԽԽзζ֣Ǻܶʿ쵼ɲ϶ʮϵˣԼŮˣȻܵԻ
źһ֣ĳίǵ϶ʱЦԵ÷ǳǳг߷һ֮󣬱ЦŵŮˣҶǾƣ
߷ǳгź̾򽻵ϲЦźһŤߵ߷ЦгȾ㣬Ɑƺ˰ɣ
źЦŰѸ߷еľƶø߷ȥȣһгŮľƲܲȰϿ˰ɣ
߷Ȼףæ˵ҶڣôܺưӦȾҶǡ
Ÿ߷ź˵˵֣Ҷƽֻ΢Цɫίǣһ֣Ҹʹź̺ܶˣҲ˵ҪסһԶϵˣܵһ𣬷һϵɫ
ǸĽӷƣźһֱ߷ȥȻΪ߷ЦǴҲԿոȨûĻźһʹ߷˵˵ЦЦҲӦȹľƣֱӸ߷ƣø߷ѱоƺˣԣŮ˵ĳί쵼ԵãʹίҲûʲôϵ
Ȼ룬ҶƽȻɫ߷öź̾ľƣźȴҪ߷ѱоƺȥڴҵУ߷Ѿƺȥ
֮󣬸߷ͷʤЩܲˣź֮󣬲ߵҶƽߵҶǣСŮӾһƣ
ԳСŮӵĶẓ́վҶƽǰһ˫аҶƽ̧ͷһֻۣһ˫ۣӣСԸУһ⸱ģɵػĶ
Ҷƽ̳һģһȻȴίĸɲӴ񣬵ƿλί쵼˼
֪ѩûʲôϵ˵гûйϵѩйϵĻѩΪʲôûǣ
˶źһۣҶƽҲֵܱ̫壬ʵʱҲҪֳԼ׺뵽ǺһЦҾưðܹһ˺ȣǲһһ
źһ̸Լһƣ˵Ҷǣȡ
˵꣬ź̰ѱоһ缫ΪˬҶƽеܳԾСŮˣϷСŮӣȻ˾˺ˬǲСˡ
ҶƽҲһҹƣгԱߣЦŶ˵ҶǣǺСžƽʱȾƵģһ㼤ˣһĽ
˵⻰ʱ۾ϵẓ́ź΢΢ЦҶƽһ֪ź̾ƽʱȾƵˣʱֻ׽ˡ
гԣҶƽڻжһʲôˣھϵıָӳһʲôˣΪίǣҪѹãȻҪһܸɵгΪгҪµģֻҪ£ͻеˡ
άе̸̵Уоܲôֹۣѩĵ̨ζеĹٳǷƽ˾ˣΪһˣͻȻطƱѹ˱˵ռ䣬໥ţšһֻάһ϶˳ģԣݹٳЩίʵʵĻȴҪһĿǡ
Ȼ˵ʡίίʡɲίίǴǸɲأô˽ʱһ˽ʱҲʡίί˽ίίҲǸʡɲǲͬʱ˽ʡᣬʡᡣ
ʡһʵеĹٳ÷ǳӣΪе쵼ɲлֱʡ쵼Ҳ˵ʡίίλȨأʡ쵼пݸɲУĳλݸɲпܵĳλʡ쵼ĸԡ
ԵʡеһҪһԣҶƽ֪һ㣬˳֮⣬߷гƺе㻨ӵζھԾ֪ԵĹϵôͬΪɹԱҸ߷ȥ񻨻ӣŲʲôȨ
ǿίмίˣҶƽǺܵ͵ǲôԾίˣ֪ԵĹϵжѩĹϵôȻ϶ܵǣˡ
ѩĹϵ᲻ԵĹϵҶƽ飬Ȼֿ˿ίгþίþǳίΨһһλŮԣŮͬ־˵һЩ뵽ʲôŻȥҿȥþƽܵȻȫְֳҵŮԵĶȻûжźĶˣǾҲһλŮԼҲʮ£˵Ҳһĸɲ


1101 Ů
ҶƽĿίϣίڵλ÷ǳҪְ൱ίǵְίίݼίǣڱ׼ʵȨɡ
һμˣҶƽǸеҰĲϼ޻ȥ峤ú׳ʵһ͹ĴͷһͲһöԸĽɫ
ӣҶƽһݹٳҲԻ֮أԼȻʡίίˣСһ㣬һԼĵҪӦסǣһЩֶβС
ӷϴϣҶƽֵھƵ꣬ȰסӵʱûаźãҶƽסƵʵƵרŸ쵼ɲסģþصԺʵһֱס
Ե֮󣬱ʣҶƽͶþˣܰź֮󣬱Ҳˣ˿Ҷƽþ΢ЦҶǣյоӦӦߵĺЩߡ
Լ£ҶƽЦ԰ɣûиеʲôʵĵطǾͬˣ֧ҵĹ
þ겻Ц˵Ҷǣǿ϶֧ĹݵʱҲ˵ֲ֧ʲôֿ֧϶Ҫֵ֧ģ㵽ط֧ǵĹģҪǲ֧㣬ǾǲԵˡ
оþ˻ԣҶƽҪһˣþǺʣһ˵гҪֹʲô
þҪֹĽʲôģһЩôҪĲţǱȽɣҶǣ벻һ
þ꿪һЦҶƽǺһЦгֹʲô
þû뵽Ҷƽ浱£˵ʵҵֹιݵҵԣһֱûҷֹܣҵ볢һ¡
˶þĻҶƽһ룬о˵һݷչҵǲģþⷽа취ֹһ£Ҳ϶˵ķֹʱһ˵ɡ
ҶƽչҵҲݷչһ˼·гܺãǻͷо
þЦЦһߣһȥϢҶƽصԼķϢһ߽ȥź̴˽΢ЦſҶǣҪʲô𣿡
תͷһҶƽɵؾͻһһǳṴ˵Ůˣ֪˶ˣίͷ֪ûסˡ
ҪˣžԻȥϢˡҶƽһ˵
ź̳һ۵ҶǣǾƵרŰĦˣҪǹĦɣһЩ˯
аĦС㣡ҶƽɵۣźʵǲдľƵꣿ
ź̵ǵģҲӪҵԱרŰĦˣҲΪҵҪ
Ҷƽһ뵽Ͳ֪˵ʲôˣľƵΪ£⣬һºϷİĦǿԵģôǾЩŤأ
ҲҪ⣬쵼סҲҪṩְĦ񣬴ȥӰ಻ã֪𣿡ҶƽһԸ
źæӦһʵ쵼ǶְܹĦȴϲת˼·дλˡ
źʵʱֻίдһԱֻΪֻ˵õ˵ʱһλ쵼ϲһһת˸ɣȵѩίǵʱίӴĸΣܿõѩʶ˽ӴΣȻֵݴƵľ
ѩº󣬼ίԱǷѩ֮ûʲôȨǮ׵飬ȨɫףѩûгϣҲûгϣųˡ
ų֮Ȼڵְ񣬺ܶΪǿɫƽ飬ʵǲܵ£źȻ裬Ǽзִ磬ɧڹȴǺĻ
ѩίǵʱûȫѩͬʱгüȥϵҲǼΪȣΪίһְҲǻõû뵽һҶƽԼгʵҲǶֻ֧֣Ҷƽ֪ʲô̬ȣһж̽
ҶƽĹ²֪Ƕ˵ķȴǸе裬϶򽻵ʱ䳤ˣᴫʲôʹûʲô£ϰҲΪź֮ʲôŮϵŮνӴһִ
˵飬ϾһлҪ˳ĹϵҪĦķ񣬶źЦЦˡ
ԶȥıӰҶƽŹϣڴ飬ֻ볣ίǼ棬ȥ칫ң뷨ǻ㱨һ¹ϵ飬ܻϰ壬ȻҪλȥһ˽һһй۵ʶС
һᣬҶƽ˯ˣ˵ڶ죬ҶƽһھƵͣþҲԷһ棬Цһ£һڴͲͣź̸ϵ˳ԡ
ȵ֮ҶƽͶþһȥ׼뿪Ƶ꣬·Ĺ̵УþĵضҶƽҶǣŮǺ꾫Сһ㣡
Ҷƽһо⣬Ц֪
˸ûж˵ʲôþԶź̲ôðΪͬŮ˵ԭһź̵ַɧǸеʹ죬źҶƽҪȺҶƽҲĵһ¡
˾ѹҶƽһź󣬶þרȥȥίԺ˾רŸҶƽŵģҵҶƽ¥ݵʱһ˴ӳ˳֮ǺһҶǣʾ鳤ġ
˾ҶƽرĹԱҶƽûʲôҪܸ䱸ʱ˾ʱ飬ǹҶƽ
һˣҶƽӦһӣ鼱æţҶƽ˽ȥȥҶƽҲû˵ʲô˾ųίԺķʻȥ
ڸʻλϣҲû˵һˣܰɹ˵ϿҶƽڶܻ̫Σɹʲôӣûеףֻȹ۲һʱ˵˾Լ⡣
Ҷƽһ룬鳤鰲ź𣿡
һҶƽʻæ˵źˣ֪ͨŵӵίԺ
Ҷƽһڵʱ仹˵㣬˵ŵ̫ˣĳɰ˵ʮ
ߵǱȽϻҶƽȴʱǿֱӷԸĳɰ˵ʮ֣ǰ˵룬һæܴ绰֪һܽʱĹЩҪ㱨ĳίץһ㵽Ҷƽİ칫ȥ


1102 쵼ɲ
Ҷƽ˵ϵԼİ칫ңȴίĵȵŵӵʱ򣬳άмʱİ칫֮⣬ĳίû׼ʱʼܣܸ֪֪ͨͨˣΪϿܺȵЩ࣬Ӱ쵽ǵϢˣ߸ϡ
֪Ҷƽ˳еЩίûʲôʱί쵼㶼͸˵Щɲˣõı䡣
Ҫı˵ľܸĵģϰˣҲǱȽϵѣҶƽʱûǵЩίǵһ˭ᵽ
˾ŵʮңǿί񡢼ίˣһģɴ˿Կ˹ϵܲһ㣬֮󣬱ǵ˻ңţ˵ҶƽԼİ칫˹ȥһҶƽҶƽк
Ҷƽȥޱ飬˷ǳɻ벻֪Ҷƽǲʲôˣ鲻ãֻ룬ǲûʲôֻһʱ֮۵С۵ģǺ˼
һг߷һعˣҶƽЦŴһкԵõǺ죬һֳǶԳٵ»޸Уȥ֮ˡ
˾ŵҵʱгŽýĲίһˣԳ󣬺쵼ͷͬҲǣһǰһش˽·Ǵĺϴ
ԵɣҶƽٸЩˣٵ˲˵һڳ쵼ͷбҪҲǣһֵĸо㰡ĺܡ
Ҷƽ󣬳΢΢˵ͷȻҶƽ£Ҷƽв죬ǿǵոչϲֱֻ̫ᣬôһ㱨һ¸ԷֹܵĹһ
㱨άпʼҪίĹ㱨һ£ЩʵҶƽѾ֪˲ˣǻҪʽػ㱨һ£֯ȱλάоͰ֯Ҳ㱨һ£ѩĸɲܵһЩǣڻҪһĸɲ
ʵɲҪίĸɲûأάн֮󣬳г߷Ĺ㱨һ£ĹҪǣ÷չͳн裬Ҷƽ֮͸оطľ÷չʵǷƿɳ£нҲСС֣һ𸯰ܵΪ
߷֮󣬽ίҲǿʼҶƽһһţʱûб̬ȵҶ㱨֮ҶƽҲǶеĻһµ˽ˣΪʡУȫʡеͷϴ󣬵Ǿһͷϴȴǻ罭ʡһؼеľùģʵ̫ˡ
÷չǳأֲ°Ѿ÷չãٵһǳش
ȡ곣ίǵĻ㱨Ҷƽɢᣬֻ˽ҲʲôָʾҲ޷ʲôָʾֻ˽
˵ʱʽٿȫ쵼ɲᣬʡίǰɽʡί֯°ٽһίãҶƽʽְҶ֪һίǣǻûмҶƽҪδϽһôʶһ¡
г֣ȫиֱλ˺͸һԼмϸɲٶ˲μδᡣ
°ٽڻҶƽְʡίίԱίίǡίίԱȥ佭ʡίί˽ίǵľ
ɽҪָҶƽͬ־ιʡίίʡίҶƽͬ־ίǣǴӴֳݹҪ͸ɲľͨ̿ǡоľ
ɽʡίǿѩΥΥദ˵ֵҪܵε̬ȣһ鴦ܰиط̰ļᶨġѩΥΥǳʹĽѵԸ쵼ɲ̵ľʾ
е쵼ɲѩΥΥܵѣԾΪ䡢ӳξܸ˼·ߡͬʱҲҪиɲǺõģҪѩĸ쵼Ӻ͸ɲе幤Щȡõĳɼ
Ҷƽͬ־ְԹʡίίļǿҲǶԹϺݹĸ߶Ӻ͹ġΪʡУھĻǿʡооصĵλеķչʮֹģʡί߶ӣɲȺڼһҪǿʶʶʶͷصμɡιأӵʵжȫ֧Ҷƽͬ־Ĺȫ˼۵ȫиĸ﷢չȶȫͶ뵽ȥЭݵĹãʡίģȫеԱɲȺ⡣
ɽʡίһҪһҪѧϰָ᳹ʾΰոȷʵ뾫װͷԡָʵƶԾݷչȫʡıƽŬʵĸȫ桱սԲͷ
ҪӦ쾭÷չ³̬ʹᷢչ¶ƽʡȺȦ裬ιȷۣһھչǱǿչ󾢣־ƽȽչ
Ҫǿĸﾫ񣬽һ˼롢ش¡ͷŻҪܽʵʣ⵼򣬴Ⱥε𣬴Լᷢչͻ޶۸ĸ
ҪϸĽ쵼ʽ͹ʽԾѧط÷ģ쵼Ӻ쵼ɲҪ÷⡢ߣ÷˼άĸٽչ÷ηʽìܡάȶ
ҪϸʵܵεΣᶨƽͷܶҪִѡθɲԼɲϼලɲϸʵơ쵼ɲҪԾǿɣͷؼɡأκʱ򶼲ܡƵߡߡ
ʡίţҶƽͬ־Ϊ೤ί쵼ӣһܹŽмװӣȫйԱɲȺڣؽȡѣʵŬȫоƽȽչгȶΪƶʡȫ潨СӦйס
ڷѩܰɽʡί˺ܶĻϾѩеĹٳӰܴʡίⷽӦһܺõı̬һĿչûѩİɽԵֱó°ٽҶƽְͿˡ
ѩĳ֣ȫʡһӰ죬ɽλᷢһȷʡίһȷı̬Ҷƽϯ̨ϣŰɽｲһͻȻĸɲУ˾Ȼ
쵼ɲᣬȻҶƽеЩˣʮֵջ𣬵ʡίǶڳ£ʲôҲܷ


1103 Ҫ
˾ȻҶƽʮջ𣬵ǽȫиɲ쵼ᣬɽͳ°ٽ쵼ڻ᳡ֲǻˣ޷ϯ̨˵ʲô
ǿڻͷ̫࣬ȥԶһɨʹһɫܼæ˹ȥϯ̨ԱߣҶƽһ
ϯ̨ĵߵһѣһӾѣҶƽһ£ǰŵҲںŵģǰŵˣɨһ£ƺΪ涼λź֣һ۾ǿˡ
ѾˣȻҶƽеݵĹٳһˣȻ־״̬ʲô´ҵʲôҲɲ
Ҷƽϯ̨飬һɽˣԿʼҶƽͬ־ҶƽһæûͲֵˣ׼˽壬ҪúõؽһôҶһʶ
һۻ᳡Ҷƽһʼֻ˵ղţʡί֯°ٽͬ־ʡίľʡίǰɽͬ־Ҫݹ˳ֿ϶δչȷҪ󣬶ұµҪ󣬶ίӼһҪѧϰᣬѸٹ᳹ʵҵϹʡίҵְ֯Σĸлӵӡ
縺ίǵĵӣӹݸĸ﷢չġʹ١شͬʱҲδ˼ᶨġ
֮˵ʹ٣ΪҹϵһҪУǹϵΡáĻģع㡢ﻪ챦ͣ컡Ľĺõطܺһпؾ񡢴ʵͬ־Ǻ£ݸͬѧϰи˺ҡ
֮˵شΪݵľռȫʡ1/4λءǵǰݳ˴衢󿪷ĺͷ˹ҵ١лгת͡ʻչĹؼʱڣܷõķչ̬ƣܷƽ̨סһ¥ʡίܸȺڳΡһطش󣬵ӳ飬аʧ˿и
֮˵ļᶨΪйʡίȷ쵼ίµûίһ˺˴Эί֧ϣһ¸ص쵼ͬ־ָȫи֧֡ҼţֻҪϸʡί¿ݸȺһܹʹݷչʷдµĹƪ¡
ٵʹ˽ηܷΪشα޲ʵɡǿƴʤļֱǰؽȡڴˣĸλͬ־ͨȫйȺʾڽĹҽľְǰĲҲʹľġ
Ҷƽһ˵ʹκԼֻһ˿ûע⵽ڽᵽʡίȷ쵼ίµûȻ˵ѩ¼ûзίµû⻹ͬ־͸֧֣Ψûᵽݵĸɲ飬ݽʱ뵽ҪдȥģǺһ룬оݵĸɲźܴ⣬룬ûдȥȻҲû˵ɲ鲻õ飬ֻһʣΪһθɲ׼
ҶƽʱϡϡȻķǳãȴǾ񣬿ݵĹٳҪˡ
˿һۻ᳡ҶƽڽĹУһǼᶨƵ롢ʡίָ߶һ¡ָչʾĲҪ߾ΰģ뱾ʵϵ׼ϵ㡢㡣˼жȵѧϰ᳹ʡί龫Ϊίʼȫһ˼Ĵţһͳһ˼롢˼ά˼·γһµĳɨһ谭չ˼ϰһӰ췢չƶƿ
֪ݹȥĴչʡίʡĴ֧֡ǽʼԾءᶨ뵳ʡίָ߶һ£ȷĴʡίʡľ߲ݵõȫЧĹ᳹ʵ
ǼᶨƵع᳹ʵѧķչǱһԿѧչʵʵͰգʵǿ᳹ʵѧչԾԺͼᶨԣڼӿ췢չֿѧչľʵʣЭչֿѧչĻԭںгչֿѧչĸּڽĹʵУְѡǿСʵѧչĺλã񣬾ǰոͬǿУҵǿҵǿȫۺʵǿŬƶȷչѧչгչɳչ֮·
ǼᶨƵץչ֮֮ΣȴķչԴʵֿԽ塣󿪷սԵƽΪϵĵݣؽǧѷķչݾСǭͨغԭԽϴ̩ӡ͡ĶλƣؽӮøΪķչռ䡣ˣ˵ҪǿڹϡڸʵȷչһΣҲһֱ뱣ֵľ״̬˼Ŀ궨λҽȫйȺһιʶط̵ֻʶϵץסԵúû
ǼᶨƵƽĸ￪šչûг·ĸȡֺֿķչƽгȡĸĸ׸ıһչ͹涨һӰ졣
ҶƽҪȽ˼ŵ⣬һ˵Ǻ飬ȻҪҲǺгģݵЩɲȺ˼飬Ϊ棬ҪʵԵģΪ顣
ڶ򽲵ѧչ⣬ǿеĿںţʵһԱȽǿΪȫᵽѧչ⣬ڴ˵ȻҪһ¡
򽲵ץ⣬ص㣬ΪеݵĸɲȺڣûΣʶ᳡ڼ֣־״̬Ȼûץ˼ΣʶǿڽĹֶٴץƶݵķչ
ҪҪǿĸȻĸǸĽ⣬Ҷƽרʵץ˼һµģΪ˵˼벻ţûץ˼ȻҲ޷ƽĸҲû˼붯ƽĸ
Ҷƽ潲ţĸɲȴǻЩ޶ԣΪ֮ǰҶƽ˽̫٣֪ҶƽЩʲôһԹˣ˭һأʹһҪǲϣҲûãǲݵˡ
Ż᳡ķӦҶƽ֮Ҳû˵ʲôͲгԽ˹ȥгΪг϶ҲҪһ̬ģˣҲҪٽһЩʲô


1104 Ӳ
Ҷƽ껰֮Ҳ˽ȫе쵼ɲȻҪһ̬Ҷƽĵ˻ǲˣҪһ̬ʡί϶ǲͬġ
һԿʼ̬ʡίҶƽͬ־ίǣǶݹӺ֧֣ǶĹĺͺ񰮡ǼӵʡίľĻӭҶƽͬ־ݹʡίļǿ쵼£Ҷƽͬ־һܴмװӺȫиɲȺڣ½ȡʵɣͬЭݸĸ￪źִҵǰ
ڽʱٴ죬Ҷƽܸоһĸоû˵Ҽӵͷӣ˵ǼӵͷӣоȽϴƵģܴǣҶƽһЩֹ
Խ˵мװӺ͹ɲһҪΡ˴֣ʵ˼жͳһʡίľ߲Ŭάʹٽȫиĸ﷢չȶ֡ҪŽᡢؼɣȫ֧֡ϺҶƽͬ־Ĺصμɡιأִ᳹ʡίĸ߲ԾܡάҶƽͬ־Ϊ೤ί쵼ʵжȫ֧֡ϺҶƽͬ־ĹŬάί쵼ãάŽгλ´ҵ÷Χݵĸĸ﷢չȶҵɵøã롢ʡίȫиһݺϸĴҪʵɡʵЧŬݾᷢչ¾档ȫ˼۵ȫиĸ﷢չȶȫͶ뵽ȥϹ̺ͱݾᷢչͷõʡίģȫ⡣
԰ѻˣԽŵʱҶƽĸɲǾ⵹ͻȻ֮侫ͷˣе˯ˣкܶ뿴һԶҶƽ̬ȣĵ飬ҶǴˣϱҪһѵͷԡ
ˣ쵼ɲһɢɽͳ°ٽ˿֮뿪˻᳡ʡίȥˡ
ҶƽǻصԼίԺԵȻǻˣصίԺ֮ҶƽʼһĹˣʽְ֮󣬴Ҳڿһζ
Լİ칫棬ҶƽȻҲڿ飬һ룬ѸٸıݸɲȺڵľò϶ǲеģҪһ̣Ҫʱ䣬ûа취ȡ֯ʩЩŬ˼벻ŵĸɲȥ
κ飬УˣΪίǣȨȲˣҪˣЩɲ֪ҪʮֲģܶǰԼ˼¡
һҪץһץˣץĺãһܴãץòãǾͬ裬һãץһܴ⡣
ǿǿ˽Ļ֪࣬ܲܰԼ˼ȥ죬Ҫ̽һ£˽һ˼붯̬
ոʽΣҪӲһŵĹҶƽ˼һ£Ӳ칤ĵһվŵͨ£Ӧȵ칫Ӳһ¹һ´ҵģһʱ򣬶԰칫ĹԱӡ󲻴ãҪ֧֣ѵһӲվ
ǿӵҶƽҪӲ칤֪ͨʱϲһû뵽ҶƽѵһվӲĵطһ룬֪ҶƽΪʲôڱҪ׼
ǿһЩ׼ȻȺҶƽĵҶƽ֮ܵͬ
ǿżӭĵҶƽ֮󣬱һһ֣Գеӡ
˿ίһʽαǵǵλӲ칤ʱǸеЩܳΪһֱһϻ֯춼췸׷ĵطĸɲ϶û֯ĸɲȣڵλȻǰһأҶƽΪʲô׽ĸɲأ
ҶƽиɲټԼʮˣһãͨɲȻûвμȫ쵼ɲʸһҶƽȻͬЩμӴ˼Ҷƽʱ̬ҶƽϾǸʡɲͨɲ쵼϶Ƿǳġ
ЩͨɲҶƽе˵ݵĸɲòãҺ벻ãؼȥʹǡ
ЩɲҶƽôᣬͷȻҲʮֳҶƽҶƽھҪЩɲܰҪȥ¡
֮ǿǹƻӭҶƽҪҶƽȻҪģ˿˵ܸ˹ͬ־Ǽ棬ǵһҪսʱڣǵǵսʤ׼ĵˣںƽʱڣΪȺڣǵķ·ߵҪţԽԽŷǳҪãǰһչʱڣһҪȥȥ
Ҷƽͣһ£һ۴ҵķӦĸɲǷǳϸҶƽҪ˸ҪΪһˣҪѧᴴ£ҪиĸﾫҪί˼·߷뱣һ£һ£ǸģҪ˽ˣǵ˼벻ţǵ˼벻Ƚǲ˽˵õģһҪʱǰͷʱŪܻΪ飬ŲôҪ۵ǴģһЩǳҪĹΪҪȨȨ˭ȡİǾţ˵û⣬ҪĻǽĵܲôģôģǾãʵǽѵôҶĿġ
Ҷƽⷬĸɲ𶯺ܴ󣬸еҶƽӣԼҶƽʶжĿһ֮С
ҪѺҪȥϡ࣬һЩط⣬¼ߵ죬̫ƽǲȡģֹҪȽ˼룬ģʿģҪĹÿ쿼ǵӦЩǰԼԱ󣬷漰е飬ĸıҪҶνĸıҪӽбˣѵԹһٽڣҲ֪ʲôҥӰ쵽Ĺ𲻵ʾ˵ã⣬һҪܾҪʱ򱨸浽һô˻𣬶ʲôô
ҶƽֽĻԱ֮һ


1105 ı
ǿҶƽߣû뵽ҶƽĽôģ˵Ҷƽ쵼ˣǰίȻҲǵӲ칤ǻձƣһЩ׻ˣºҲûȥ£ôɻôɡ
ҶƽҪ󣬰ᵽôһ߶ȣҪӸ汨ͨıǿᷨǹ󵨣Ƚǰģһ˼Ľš
ǹ˼ģţ϶ҵ˼ҲţǿǸеЩ𾪣ʹҵһҶƽƺҪյһѻκ˶û뵽飬һѻȻɺӰ죿
ǿһֱίһõĳίѩίǵʱҶƽˣȴȵӲ칤һʱӦ֪Ӧ顣
еģҶƽڽ껰֮ܽᣬҪһҪѧϰҶǵĽ񣬴񣬰ҶǵҪá
϶׻Ҷƽ֮󣬾ǿҲһƽӹ֮ˣǼʹƽӹҲҪ֧֣ԼҪ󣬰ѹá
Ҷƽڽ껰֮ǿͬ£רŵձһӲ칤ձίĻر磬ίĺ࣬糤ί
˱֮ҶƽӲ˱ı༭༭ļ߼һ棬ЩǣҶƽ̸ЦǶѧݵ飬ͬʱҲҪעעţȻǻرҲҪʱһЩϰϲĻѱĹ
ڵýԽԽֽ࣬ý˥䣬ίıȻί֧֣ýĳ£Բûκεĸı䣬ҪӦԣת˼룬ѱֽɸɲȺڶĵý塣
ҶƽĽҲ౨ɲĺŵýֽýս˥΢رֽý˥ԭʱŸɲȺһűֽ￴죬νһһ̣һűֽ죬û˻Ը⿴ֽˣοصıֽûʲôϲݣȥҲǴʱ䣬˭űֽʱ䣿
ԣҶƽҪҲñĹԱеί쵼ҲڹעˣǱıˣֽû˿ԼҲûʲôɾ͸Уо˷Լ֮⣬ûʲô壬Ķû˿Ǹеǳʹĵġ
һʱ֮䣬ļǸеҶƽǳ֧ǵĹǳǣҲǾҶƽһǳ쵼⣬쵼ȡ
ҶƽӲϺǿҶƽȥþòŻعͷӲ֮Ҷƽֶǿһ飬֯һȫеý̸ᣬҪϯﱸһ£Ѹ·ļ߶һֻʵ̸ᡣ
ҶƽڵһЩ뷨ǿһʱеҪܵĶ̫࣬Ϊ˽ҶƽЩĿʲôûף°ղ˷򣬷˴󣬱Ͼһ׷ĵط
ȥ֮ǿڰ칫һֱ飬ҶƽѵһѻԭҶƽ⣬ԭ
ĹϰͰ㣬׸ɳɼȻͷһʲôĿνʲôģҪˣɼҲͳˣȻҶƽڲûᵽЩ飬ҶƽĹע㲻
ҶƽᵽҪ˼룬Ҫȫ˼ŵǰУᵽ˸汨⣬ҶƽΪʲôôᰡ
ǿ˼飬òһȥʵҶƽָʾķҶƽӲ֮ȫûκεĶҶƽ϶ģҶƽ⣬ôһѻҪˣȻղԭǸգҪˡ
һ룬涼ʵǱϢ黹ǿʵʩģһЩ汨Ķóһˡ
ǿѱ糤˹һ飬糤ȻҲ֪ҶƽԱ繤һЩҪ󣬵Ǹ汨鲢ûڱ˵˱糤˸汨ί쵼ʲô
ڱ֮ǰǷҪί쵼糤һǿǸеҲѰ죬Ҷƽָ֧㸺汨ί쵼أ
ǿһ룬ñ糤һĵ汨ǷģǸͻñǸŵķֹ쵼⣬ʱҲѰ죬ø⡣
֣ⷽôķʵҶƽĽ񣿱糤һ룬ҪȱһЩСĸ汨̽һ£һûʲô˵Ҷƽȫ֧֣ôԺͿʽչ̫Ҷƽֲȫ֧֣Ǿ˰ɡ
ǿϸһ룬ñ糤鲻ȸСģ۵ģȻѭ򽥽һ˵
˼һ糤ȥԺ󣬱ǰż߰ȺڷӳѼһ£һЩҪɸŸģ鲻Ҫ̫󣬵ҲܲʹҲ𲻵ãԵǱûˮƽ
̽Ⱥڷӳһǵע⣬ǾȺڷӳҪֵ·ϣкüóʱûˣŪֵζӰ쵽ȺڳУ绰Ҳûعһ¡
ķӳһתһý壬ЩýӵϢԺ󣬻λּۻȥˣûиǽӵַӳ֮󣬱ŰŸڵȱȽϴ󣬲ͬһűֽ
ΪһרſһعϢ˳ȥȥ֮󣬱糤ȴ˷ӳȻȥ֮󣬸Ҳû˷ӳһüȥһȻǸӣûȥ
ļҲǸеˣۼල°Ǳ糤ӳҪص㱨飬ǵйԱӲɡ
糤ҲǸеƣһСһӳģָûʲôӳЩҲ̫ľ˰ɣڲٿǸ˭ӵ⣬ڲұ˾ͲӣУô顣
糤ǿ˻㱨½飬ǰҶǵҪصһ汨һӳֳŵȻû˻ᵱ¡
ǿȻҲǸеջˣϻװ㵱ɲèȻɶüӴһȣЩ˾ʹУʶǰ裡
˵鲢֮£ձļרžһƪı䱨ģ汨ĹģֱָйزŲΪӰ쵽Ⱥڵ


1106 Ȼ
˭Ҳû뵽ƪȻ󲨣һĸ汨һݵýʱеĸɲЩӦнֻĸ˿㱨ǽ־ֳģǽ־ֳһ̸һǹǵĹһǵý壡
ǽֳҲŵҪýǣѵǲæ浽˼ң˼ҳú֣жٶأƽʱϲ˯ǳԺ֧ôһҪλϡ
˼ҽӵʱڰ칫һӵ绰֮󣬱ͷˣôأձʲôʱ糤ˣ
˼Χ鿪ʼһЩطòλձˣȻձΪʲôͻȻ֮дӱ̢ûóе๤˵Ϊ
ʱĵ绰ˣ鿴򱨵Ȼǳջһ룬Ǵ绰˼ңû򱨵
һӵĵ绰˼ϰ㱨һ飬ʾҲǸոսӵ棬ڸô죬һ¶Ӱ첻СǲҪȥһձ磬취ֲһ¡
һ룬̰̰ˣôôһƨ£ӣ֮ȥұ硣
Ļ˼Ҽæֵȫˣ˱飬һ黷Ҳǻ쵰ɨҪעɣձǻ쵰һ飬ʲô汨绰Ѳձڸ
˼ͷģ˼Ҵ绰ԺҲ飬ô£˭Ҫȥίίίǣ˵Ҳ쵼ձ汨ɮҲҪ棬ѵǸԼίί
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ίӵ֪ͨϹˣʱ֪飬һİ칫ңһ٣Ҫ飬˶֪ˣȴǲ֪ⲻʧְ
ȵί֪󣬱϶ɷˣ£ش󰡣һҲ֪֪и汨Ļǿ϶Ҫ취أģںˣֱӷˣһǵϼŵĹϵôģ
ίһͨ취ƽ£ίǷڱѾˣλܽаƽ
ȥϵ磬취ٸŪһƪ汨ֲһ£˵ŲǲΪΪԭʲôԭԼͷȥ룬Ҫˡ
ίĻֻȥհ죬һίȥձ磬ӵĻձ˿ܻģô죿
֮ϸȥһԣеĻٳ棬ίĻ֮ˡ
ȵίԺ㿪ʼԼʱ˭ձδػһĻ»ԳУôģЩ壬еջĵط
ίȥԺ󣬱̴ԱϵձԼ糤̸һ̸飬飬۸ٴ۶Ҫ취ƽˡ
糤ίҪ֪ʲôˣһ룬Ǹ߹Աûʱǡ
ĹԱǸί˵糤²ڣûʱǣһ˼ŹԱȥ糤
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ȽżԱȥ糤ﱨһ飬ĸɲߣҪ
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ϣί˻㱨һ糤涼еЩˣѵ糤Ϊ
ʱе鿪ʼأԳ취ƽ£ôƽأ
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糤һӵ绰ʱǾһ£ھˣίίίǣί쵼֮һǿƽʵȨҪǿҪٲĻ²ʣϾίί
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糤ֻôӦί칫ҵҪ󣬽绰֮󣬱ϸǿȥһ绰飬ǿһǾҪ糤ʩѹ汨ȥ
ǿһ룬ԭûдڸУһƪ汨ö˶ڹעˣýҲ˵עҲǺ£ԺҪֱˣҶƽһѻúúõıһӣҶƽĴڣҲٵⵣǣѾز󵨵ظɰɡ
ǿ糤һ£һ棬һҪסô˵ݸ汨һǲ᳷ǲת˼Ϳ֬Ĩۣѻ±£Ǹ汨Ǹ汨ֳֻҶƽ˵ƶá
ǿָʾ֮󣬱糤ûǿⷬʱȻûе˵ΌסѹӦʲô£ںˣֱӸһЩˡ


1107 гĽ
ñ糤ƪȻʵѾǲܣΪһУžñ糤뷨Բȣ糤Ļ֮ȴĬʾûвȣҪۼලûвȡ
糤һ̬ȣüͷ壬ñ糤ίίӣƺȥüëһԱ糤˵²ѵ黹ҪҸ˵һ𣿡
糤ƺΪ²糤һҪȥǿ˵糤룬ãͲʲôѹˣæ˵ǣָʾǻᰴָʾȥġ
һ糤仰ɫǲã糤ڶãƸǿԱ糤ã˳±϶ãȻ糤Բ᲻ӣڳ϶ݡ
ټһ±糤ûдﵽԼĿģ糤˵ȥǿк飬Լһ룬ǿƽ糤ͬ£ѵǿͬ£ȻźܴĲȷԣǿʱ򲻸ӣ粻취
ͱ汨ڳίҲû£ͻȻôһӣǸͻȻϮ𣿶һϮȻϮʵ̫񻰣ǿΪڳ飬һС
оܽ˹ϵƽ£ôӹԭ⣬ǿһʧָ֮˼ִˡ
죬ĸӳǿˣȻ뷨ǿʩѹʩѹģֻгԣίάûжȨʩѹ϶УֲϤ϶Ǹ״˵ʲô̬ȣҲ׼ֻȥҳԣҳĹϵǷǳеģҳԡ
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Խž绰ǿȻгǹܲǿģгϾǶ֣һǻʸģǿӵ˳Եĵ绰֮󣬲ò̸˹
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ָǿ˼ˣҪְ飬ǿԱһȻǸеˣǳڳҲ÷ֻÿ˵гۼලΪȻҪ֧Ĺ¸Ǵʲô鷳Ҳûа취
һǿ˼һ£оڵǿԭǿһԭǿǱȽСģйоأ˵ȥֱȽðʧ飬ȴͻȻôԷʲô仯ѵҶƽȥһȻʮ㣬ʲôˣ
뵽Կ˵ǿһҪЭãۼලǿԵģǲûзִ磬ʲô£ǿȺϵһǰ˲𣿵Ǳһϸߣ˵Ϊ㲻ҲڴҵгţΪҲԴ˵ô˵
ȸǿһѹǿеԿгǿȻԸжԿѩһϸɲ浹ˣ˳ԣǶġ
ǿæ˵гҿû˼ΪָǽŵģָǣҾǻҪۼලһЩռ䣬ĻԺû˸ҽۼලˣ
û뵽ǿ˵ۼලռ£ԲЩص˼˵ûиۼලĿռ䣿֧Ĺ
ǿһˣæ˵гҲ˼Ҳ֪ҶǵӲˡ
ǿ鼱֮£ֻðҶƽ̧˳סԵѹҶƽ̧һԻʲôӦͬʱҲһһ֮һʲôĹϵ


1108 ʩѹ
ǿһڣԵǰһǿȻҶƽϵܵҶƽ֧ˣ˳ʵҶȥӲ죬εűʲôϵ
ôһʣǿæ˵Ҷ˵ˣҪǿۼලһЩıǵĹһٽͬ־ǸҪİɣȻҲֻҵһ²⣬Ҷǵľġ
һ˵ԺױôôĵۼලˣԭҶƽֲ֧֣ûҶƽոδȣȻôѵǿһϵû
һθеǿЩƻȻСģжȴһ֣ƺ޹أȫҶƽͱԭ̫ûе˰ɣ
Ժ˲ɵЩҪ뷨æ汨һ¡
һ룬˵ҶǸǸۼල汨ֻǱⷽĹעֲǿؽۼල£òԣȥһ£ҪһȣҪһһ̫֪ܲ˵ۼල֪˻Ϊڸʲô£ȫеŽᣬٸһЩıΪá
Զİţǿ֮һʱҶƽ˼ȫģ֮Ĺ۵ƺǶģҶƽһѻҪյҶƽԲڵһѻϱʧܣҶƽ֪Ի̬ȣ϶ܲˡ
ǿһ룬˵гһȥͳһ˵ɣһʱҲǲг𸴡
ǿ̬ԵȻˣûǿôȨڲгӰǿʩѹ
ǿ֮ǰ˵гǿôתˣԺǾͰǵҪ
һȴЦǰһޣȻʡίίǵǵĻһһȻҪʲôۼලҿġ
ʵг˵ʲôģ
Եǵëû뵽ͷˣǿͳ˺ܿɶôͳ䵱İףǺţԺıֽձģô졣
һ룬һ취תһ˵ҵί´ģǲ»ܵ
Եʱǿżһ£֪û֧֣ĹҲøɡ
˵ͷó˵еȻ㲻ңôҲ㣬˭ܳŵõ
гڸôһ֪һʲô᲻ʲô뵽һ䡣
Գ˼һ˵ϵⲻһ˵ģֻҪˣĶٴҲûãһЩϻҪһ£̫ݹٳĻǾͲˣʵ汨еսݹٳ˼
ص˵ͷóԷеҪһ𣬹ͬӦһЩ飬˴γôһưͿʵûԤϵ뷨Ҳ
ǿ뿪Եİ칫֮󣬻صίԺһ룬µҶƽһ£ȻûӦ£ó汨ȹʱҶƽһǰǾˣ˻ǰҶƽΪá
ǿһҶƽİ칫ңҶƽЦ˵ձһۼල£ҿ֮оǳһһ鶼첻ãĳлǳйԱʧְְ鴦һҿԺ󻹻ᷢҪ绰ǣעһ£ˡ
Ҷƽһ˵ǿһ£Ҷƽ֪ϵ̬ȣȥأ˼ȥˡ
ҶƽŸϣǿߵҶƽİ칫ǰĵذѳԼ齲һ£Ҷƽһ϶ʱһۼලѾίίˣһг
ίǣͬʱίί˵Ӧίһ£ʹ·飬ҲӦ֧ۼලǣίǣԼ·飬Ӧദǡ
ȻеǳãЩɲһûʲôȡģȻΪίί˼Ҳˡ
гڰǿʩѹĹϵУĿΪ˰˵ĹϵȻ򵥡
ҶƽоΪһۼලıǷӳ˸̬ˣ¶һ³ªû뵽ҲãһЩˣʩһİ
ȻͳԷۼලˣôһȻûٽⷽıˣǿͳڹҲڿԼ̬ȣڳԺǰôǽظҪ̬ȷܽνĲȣһҪһʩѹҪ¼˽д
ǿҶƽ㱨£һΪ飬һȻҪҶƽ̬ȣҶƽһԺ£˼ɣôȥԺ󣬱㰲ųȡȴʩŶ˲ʲô϶Ҷƽ̬ȷǳֱ֧ΪôҶƽָʾΪɣԲȡȴʩֳۼලȨԺЩʵȨĸɲǿ¼ĹԱͻϹϾˡ
ý̸׼ôˣҶƽһᣬǿ
ǿæ˵׼Ĳˣʱٿ
Ҷƽһ룬ԸҿٿɣҪΪһŵĳУһĳУһҪѧý򽻵ý岻ܽǵصý壬ҪʡĴýнͨпŷչпΪһҪĥһⷽ飬ⷽ£𣿡
ҶƽǿԸţǿһоҶƽ̫ˣֱʷǰҶƽΪʲôôѵҶƽֻһЩ󹤳̣
ǿɵسⷽҲ֪ҶƽڽǱ߿ǷչõһѺֻ֣߲һЩʲô󹤳̣Ǹ󹤳̵ĻǸۼලıԼĳªع
ֻǶݵһ룬ǿæҶƽĻӦ뷨ãü¡


1109 ̸
ҶƽǿԺ󣬴绰ܸйȻıֽһʾҪί洦ɲΪ⣬ǰݴһչʱڣԲֲΪĸɲҪĹλϣȻСǹϵȺڵ´ҪȺڵĽǶȳÿһ顣
Ҷƽʾί칫ίĿҪ飬Լ̬ȣջҪȻ뷨
ͬʱձҲһʾʾ±дĺãܼʱȺڵҪƶ˹ϣձܹһЩ¡
Ҷƽϵȷ̬ȣȻǹձ磬Ҳ飬ϾĵλߣǿܲѹҲòȵϲȲŵЩˡ
ҶƽһֽʾЩ뷨Ϊһˣʵ˼ϻǱȽϼģҲһЩʽģҲ䣬ǳڹٳϵһЩɣҲֻ˽·ɧҹʲôţҶƽ֧ۼලеһЩ¶Ǵͷӭģڿһֶ֧֣о˸ʲôСЬ
ڽӵҶƽʾĵڶ죬ǽҶƽʾձϣҶƽʾڵ˱ֽ֮ϣ̾۵ĹעˣýҲǿˣ벻Ǹôһ̬ȣһʱ֮еܡ
ܣȴϷǳΪҶƽʾҲǿˣʾҪ¼йˣȻʩѹûоȻ𣬶һҪۼල˸ˣҶƽҪĻǾǳձۼලȷٽоȻһ˵ˡ
ӵʾҪĵһѻҲյˣյϣҪ֪ԼίίϽҶƽû¼ĹϵҶƽģһίǣίί֮¼ϵ
һ룬֮ҲľͰҶƽ˵ȥȻҶƽƲһ룬Ҷƽʾת˼ȥ˼ҽд
˼һӵʾǴ绰ôʲôȣӵ绰Ĭһ±˵ȷһŰɡ
˼ұ֪ʲô˼ˣʾһ㲻ˣҶƽʾ֮󣬱ٿý̸ᡣ
ý̸Բλٿ˴Լʮߴ·ļ߶Уһһ֪ͨģεļ̸ᣬҲǲԣ֪ձǸ汨ϢǲίҪǷʲô棬ǲҪΪ䣬Ҫٳ顣
˵߽ҵʱ򣬴߶飬֪ձûܵһᣬ쵼߽ˣҲ߽ˣӣǸоʲôӣѵ汨ûжʲôЧ
Ҷƽǿһǰһ˽ҶƽԳϯļ̸ᣬЩǸеЩԾһ˵ٿ̸ᶼϯͿˣеʱֻĸϯ̫¡
Ȼίǳϯίǻʡίίһʲô
ǿҶƽ˻ңҺҶƽ΢Ц⣬һˣҶƽֶԴý̬ȣüǷǳˣείǷǳý幤
ߺų֮ҶһЩ֪ʶӣķǳǿһЩǵ쵼Ȼ治ҷǰ̭Щ쵼Ǿ飬ߵıʺ춼Ƿǳý壬ǵۣһĭӰ˸
Ҷƽڵĺ̬ǸежˣҶƽʡίίλϸߣᣬɻһַǳӡڼߵǾһǳ쵼ˡ
ҶƽǴк󣬱ǿ̸ֽᣬһۻ᳡ǿʼ˵λýļǣãǳлǵĵͬʱҲлһֱԼұ˹Ĵ֧֡ҪҶǵίаѴټһٿ̸ᣬҶǵ˼Ǻʹ̸̸ģ˽һ´ҵ뷨ͬʱҶҲԼ뷨ߴңһյĿĻҪٽǵݽĸãͬⲻͬ⣿
ǿȽһף֮ǵһξʣǹƱʾͬ⡣
Ǻ˷ܵӣҶƽͷҲǸеܸˣΪһĹԱµ£һҪѧý򽻵Ȼ϶Ӧ³̬ĹԱһ۵ļලȻزֿǲеģҪ֪۵ļලڸĽģ伲ҽҪģһЩԱ˽ıԣԸۼලʵӰ쵽ǵȻǵַͨõģֻڿҿҵȥ£˼ȥܰĸãܸ
ļǿ˵껰֮󣬿ʼԼһЩᵽݵķչ⣬ᵽеǰĳнǼ߹۲⻹ǱȽϵϸƽʱҲǽӴ飬Լߵ֪ʶǷǳģұȽ飬һЩҲ˽⣬ǽ϶кôġ
ȻеļҲ̸ϣܰѵһֵϢʱṩǺýбĻȡŵʱЧԣһҪҶƽǿԵģžҪʱЧûʱЧԣžʧȥ塣
̸˺ܶ⣬ҶƽϸţʱűʼǣһȵҽʱǿǸߴңҶҪҹƻӭ
Ҷƽ˿ңȵʱ˵ûʲôҪҪҪ˭ڽʲô£ʹһ½ûʲôرָʾ
Ҷƽһ仰ǽڲͬҶƽǽҶƽŽ˵Ҳ֮нٽ޸飬֮нٽ֮꣬侭飬¼֮нͨЧʣ֮ĽٽĹ˴ҵķԣҸеǳĲȸлҶйĹעǵĹע˹Ķǻأأ֮ǰ˵һ仰ߣ֪仰ôˣǷǳģѼȣǶԼǵһ裬Ҽ仰


1110 ļ
ҶƽӽĻ̸֣֮Ľ⣬Լеķߵ˵Ե÷ǳУǵúܽ
ҶƽĻǶϸţҶƽźܶµĶҪǿͳҲǾҶƽĺܽӵȫûʲô׻󻰡
Ҷƽ˵һҪѴ򽻵ϰߣǲǻǣҲǣҲνĸ汨Щ˶Ը汨Ϊˮޣһ汨һӦǿһԼĶڸ⣬ɳνľȻȥȻ𣬲ϧһдۣҪƽλǲǻᾭôǼԭ򣬻Ϣˣǰ죬ձһƪʱ飬شҿˡ
ʱòûκʵģûãǿ϶ҪģýǲҲҪͻ࣬ýˣͻǰãʱʡˣʵڰǣǵͬ־ǲǶģҿδذ˻˼άϲҴţýǶԹкôȻҲһЩļߣĲ磬ȻõõôҲʱзеļϲɿ𣬷һЩʵϢģǵȻҪд
ǶڼһҪܣһҪĽܣձξñȽϺãһͷֱӵ˳ⲻǲӵ⣬Щ˾ϲҪӣԼã˸
£ҪĽܼǵǵһЩعǷ⣬⣬ͬʱ𵽾ʾˣžٷáȻȫ˵Ƚ󣬵ǵ˼벻ҪǰУǽǿʲôõҲҪǽйͨٽǸɲ˼ߣٽǽ˼룬ƶĿչ
ҸոߣҪһ˽Ḷ́ǿ԰˽ݣ˽ݵĹǻ໥ٽ໥ߣ໥ѣǼҪҵģһҪ̵ƣһҪӼ߹ãҪӿ췢չʵִչҪдҰ֣֮ܵܣΪʲô֮ܵܣܻ֮ᰲ״ʲԷ⣬ԼһĶֵشתתû˽ȡľģʧȥϵĶ־ôУ
ʵݴչǼҪŬͬ־Ҫǰͷ㲻ǰͷ˲֪ô·ҪĺλҲҪǽкǲиٿý̸ᣬҪĿľһǽһüһ֤ݵķչݵķչʷһõƪ¡
Ҷƽһ࣬˼뻹ҪǶƽ⣬ҪҪдִҰ֮ܣҪʵݵĴչҪ˼룬ݿݡ
·ļҶƽĽ֮Ǿһо𺳣Ϊһ¼ţҶƽչǳУҪһ֤ݵķչݷ⣬ģҪܸߣҲǸеܡ
ǿͳĹԱһָоǾҶƽڼһЩˣ¼ƺڰָ˼뱣˼άȻƺָݵĹԱǾ֮ܣ˼벻ţûдִҰݵĸɲƺв֮
˽ҲָоҶƽܻⷬܿƽһףһúܶ˸е𺳣һ˴ŲὲĻΪܶݵĹԱģǿҶƽһӣ־ݵĹԱʹĻǱԹ䣬˴ˣǻʲôӦҶƽȥҶƽǰһпܣǺһûܡ
鿪Ժ󣬴ɢȥȵ·ļ֮Ҷƽǿͳһģóձ翪һݴչ̳ĿƸԱ淢£ݷչҪȫγһִչķΧγһֻϵĹ״̬ͬʱһЩڵҪع⣬Ⱪ¶Ĵٽ׸ıݷչ״̬
ҶƽĻӦţоҶƽǴֱʣôͿʼУҪӿ췢չˡ
ȵԺҶƽǿ˵һ˵飬ǿĻγһݻ򱨣ֱŸѧϰ
⻰ǿŸΰѽĻ龫һ£һҶƽҪֱӷ֪ҶƽܴµݹٳֱӴԱʹǾ
ǿ̴ӦҶƽĻȻҶƽѵ⣬ƶԤЩ٣ҪӴȣѿ϶ǲõˣһЩѡ
⻰ҶƽϸѸʲô⣬ſȥɣѲֱҪ顣
Ҷƽһ˵⻰ǿ̸ֻҪоѣȻԴһˣɸΪ֮ҲǾͷ㰡
ҶƽҪǿԱļԺרøҶƽһҶƽͬӡ´ﵽλȥ
򱨺ܿ͵ţҲӵݻ򱨣һҶƽȥûγɹ򱨣ȴγ˹򱨣·λȻġ
ӹݹĻ򱨣ԿһۣһӾüϵݸˣҶƽȻôĻæԽԽеͷƤ飬ҶƽֱҪݹٳ
ձ¼һָݵĹٳȻҶƽڶݲ⣬ֲᷢý壬ٿý̸ᣬȻźԶġ
úõһ룬оԼЩСʡίίίǣѩˣҶƽƺ˸е£ΪһгҪάݵĹٳǼʱתɫλȥ׳־ίǣ
ʱ򣬳г߷ͻȻ˽֮˵гίһ򱨣ҿݱȽ϶࣬ǷҪ֯Աѧϰһ£
߷ͻȻ˼·Բ˵ؿһۣ˵ίôļ򱨡ϢѵҪһһѧϰ𣿴ѧͿˡ
Բˣ߷һ£˵Ǻãѧһ°ɡ


1111 ѧϰ
Ÿ߷ԶȥԵĿһ£ҶƽҲһŪνļ򱨣Ƶø߷Ҫѧϰ߷һɢȻ˵ûʲôìܣҲȦ֮ڣھȻҲҪѧϰҶƽĽʵǳϡ
߲ѧϰҶƽĽط϶Ҫѧϰģһǿһ룬õһʽǷǳҶƽҶƽģ򱨳֮󣬴ѧϰһ¡
ί칫Ȼ˵Ϊί鳤칫ЩǿԻеģҶƽڼϵĽԺҲһЩźţҶƽĶźܴĲͬѧϰһ£Ҫһ̬Ҷƽġ
ʵҶƽ԰칫ĹЩˣȻ˵˱ȽڷܣҲκ˸ŻǱϾЩĹ˼·ȻϺˣĹ˼·ҲǺʹ顣
Ҷƽʱʼ뵽Ҫ˹һί칫ιһ˼·˹Ҫĵһ¶¶ҲҪúõһ̵棬˵ķԡ
Ͱ칫ѧϰҶƽ鿯ȫеĹϢϣȻұ㶼ǿˣ֪ˣеԾǱȽǿίҲûȥѧϰģһͰ칫˶ѧϰҶƽĽʲôڸѾίǣһֱҲϲȥˣˣеѧϰǽеȴûѧϰʲô
ǲ˻ɣίǣнٹ߻ʵԶĵطƽʱȥҶƽҲҪɽԽģҶƽ϶ҲΪҶƽӣҲΪʲôᵱίǣҲǰ˵ԭ֮һƽί쵼ؼʱ˭Ƽ
ڸؾҵҵûйҲпͣѵί쵼Լ;ɵԭѩΪѩڵίڼҲӸأһֱҲû˸ίǵλӡ
ˣ֪Ƕʲô̬ȣǲǻҪȥٴȥίǿǵʱ乻ˣʹǨҪһطִɣ
ȫеĹϢͰ칫ѧϰеһҶƽĽǳԣȻλȴûѧϰֻŽѧϰ˵ҶڹηûȷǲҪѧϰ
ڸζԴ飬Ϊ᲻ߵԭ֮һܹǵߣô;пܷ仯벻ǵߣƸطܵ˵ĹעȻҪɽ߻ʵԶĵطȥ
˼ȥηǿ£ٿίίᣬͰ칫ԱѧϰҶƽΪɣټȫίίѧϰҶƽĽ
ЩίίǶ鲢̫ģΪǴǸˣǵߵ⣬ѧϰѧϰ˵νģֻسҲ֮õίǡ
һѧϰҶƽҪԣ̱ʾͬ⣬ѧϰҶƽĽ
ٿѧϰҶƽĽҶƽĽ֮ȷʵеҶƽһ㣬ֻܽˣ϶־֮ܽġ
ȻԶȴҶƽĽ֯ѧϰ֮Ϊ˽һҶƽŬѧҶƽһٿȫصý̸ᣬżѧϰҶƽĽǲһˣֳίһµľġ
ѧϰҶƽѸγɹϢί칫ҪڹϢϣȻҶƽ
ʱȻûκεķӦ֮ûκηӦһǵִҶƽƺָǣһǾûǸҪͦõģҪҶƽֲҪΣνġ
ʧȥȡ֮ĺ󣬻÷ǳ£Ҷƽһʼû̫˭ѧϰ˭ѧϰˣѧϰѧϰĽܿȥڴһƪıݹٳҪϼŬ
Ͱ칫֯ѧϰĽ֮Ҷƽʶһû˽һԽʯˣӵĲţѧϰܿȻȻģ칫רŷĲţ˻ԣҲѧϰĽҲ
ȻžȻû֯ѧϰˣеݹٳİᣬҶƽ󣬸еܳأʵ뿴ǱѧϰһĽȻλͲҲѧϰĽ
ڿ޶ҲˣͰ칫ѧѧϰʵûʲôģֻһʡ
еǳʱ򣬸ѧϰĽԼٿý̸ȫйϢϣˡ
Ҷƽһǰһ븻ؾȻȴƽ֣רѧϰĽصί˭
Ҷƽ˽ĹڸѾίǣȻڸίǵλϣһίһطǱȽټģ֪һʲô
Ҷƽ̶ȤͬʱҲԸزȤһҪһУǵһվҪȥǲҪȵطȥ
Ҷƽһ뷨鳤ܽйԼ滮һг̣ҪȥУ˽
Ҷƽڴ֮ǰѾίҪӲһ飬һվȥί칫ί칫ĹԱ棬ȫίĹҪһõľò
ί칫ίĺĲţȻҶƽǵıֲ⣬Ǵʱö˵ʲôֻǹǣ湤
Ҷƽȥ֯֯һȱλ״̬ͷԼƼһѡ֯Ϥһʱˣʡͷ᲻ֱӰ˹Ҳǲ˵˵ֻ֯ܺͼ̸һ̸֯ȱλ£ά֯תȷκ⡣
ȥ֯ҶƽȥίͼίŶǿĲţ֮󣬺úõǽһһָʾ
ˣһίһίǣݵʵȨɣѩڵʱǼȲҲԶ룬ҶƽҲŲȡ̬ȣҶƽӲԺǲûʲô뷨ֻȻͰԼĹ
ϣǾЩǿˣȻǿԭҲҶƽ߶Ĺ֮ѸתҶƽվһ𣬽ίŵ͹˳


1112 ȥɷ
ػѧϰҶƽڼ̸ϵĽҶƽעͬʱҲλĹעҪ֪ҶƽĽܶ˿֮ҲдģֻǲԸȥʵԸžԼûҶƽЩλ͸ȫȡߡ
ڸһطˣȻͻȻѧϰҶƽĽǳ˸е֣ͬʱҲŶǲͶĲ²⣬ϾȫзΧڣһ۵СأȻԻʵһҲҲǰ껹Ⱥ¼㻹˴֣ҿºõûܵ׷
һСأȻʱ򣬴ĵѧϰҶƽĽ񣬲ܲ˸еɰ
Ǻ쵼ǰŸصıԼί쵼ڵĻ״쵼˿϶Ҫ쵼ҶƽĵʱΪҶƽûеӲ칤ҶƽûйؽӴԲ˽
ڲ˽£ʲô²õİ취ͷ֮ΪҶƽ쵼˼˵ֵˣ̫Ҷƽһߣδһֺ°
ôĹ٣ĸɵƹȻڹûʲôٶ˵ǿ϶ᳵ·ĺܡ
ͻȻ˳ͷ֮ǵȻҪһ·Լ뷨أôģֻ˵뷨˵ŸͶͼȡǵΣڸش꣬;ǰ;ٲһѸһͶĻǧѧϰʵʵصԼĹΪãֻҪίûǽѧϰԼͲȥѧϰ
ǶǷǳģ˰ѧϰôһˣ˵쵼㵱гʲô⣬ȻΪʲôҪͷѧϰĻھҪȥһ쵼ĶȥѧϰҶƽĽˣⲻСĲ˵ףǾˡ
ԵѧϰҶƽĽܵҹעʱԴڹ״̬û˽صĲȥѧϰҶƽĽ
ֱλУȴ˿ʼѧϰˣǾڵĵλ֡ձ硢Ļ֣λٿѧϰ֮󣬱ǽŽѧϰҵ˱֮ϣֱλѹ
ѧϰһԣֱλվѧϰˣҪǲѧϰҶƽƤ£δеﲻ̤ʵ
ʱһЩȺ֯績šȺ֯ҲʼѧϰҪίάаŵģάΪίǣֹȺ֯ѧϰҶƽĽҲġ
άҪҶƽһܺõϣҶƽҲҪһõϣάǸǣʱԴһЩΪٵѹ
ҶƽİţάרЭձ¼Ĵһٽýڼලϵãʱûжֻǰˣûٳ֣Ⱥ¡
ȻǴˣȴûдǷֲģֻ£ˣҶƽָʾί칫ί˵绰µĴίίظǱߴȴ֮ٽл㱨
ַӦ̬ȣҶƽеܲ⣬·˵ĵ̣ίǲָӲ
Ҷƽάдһ绰Э¼һ£ձع⣬ίʩѹֱʲôΪĻܻγɽ֣֮ʲô϶ھҪ۵ʹίı䣬ͬʱƶݹٳת䡣
άίǵǣͷ¼ѳй¼ĺˣһûȷۼලһõĴ
ڽӵάеָʾ֮󣬳̰żֱȥǽֽвɷã˽һǶĴʲôԭٳûдģ˭ûдˡ
Щʣձ߱ǽ֣ǽĵλãݵĳнòôԳǽֵ¥ҲߣȥҲǽĻҲ칫
˳ǽ֮ձ߱ǵ˳ǽְ칫ң˼ߵݣ˵ҪɷǵľֳǸһ¡
ְ칫ҵһˣϾһ£Ϊߵ˼ѾͻȻˣҪɷǵľֳǲС
ְ칫ҵϺ̺òźţȻȥǽֳ棬ǽֳڰ칫ȡһλŮ˵Ĺ㱨ͻȻӵмɷֵ̰ܵǣûпա
ְ칫ҵһϻͷȥǳǽתһֹΪһ˲뵽ϴθձع£ڼ߲ɷ£ʲô
ǽֳŮ˳ȥȵһ£˵Ů׸һۣŤ֫˳ȥӣǽֳеǶˡ
ǵȵŮ߳ź󣬳ǽֳһʵô£ļߣ
ְ칫ҵ˱ǻش˵ձļߣҪɷһ棬Ѿǰźˣǵһ£¸ô죿
ְ칫ҵ˺ܵػش˳ǽֳĻǽֳ֮󣬱°һ£˴ɷļ߾Ȼձˣձϴع¼ı磬쵼ΪȥЭأȻûЭسɣȴɷձǲרŶǳǽˡ
ֵĳǽֳֹûߴ򽻵ľ飬֪ЩҲܻˣڲɷù̵˵˻ü߸д˱ֽϣǿҪ˵£οڻ֪Ҫɷʲô⻹Ƕ⣬Ҳȥǡ
һ룬ǽֳǸ߾ְ˵ڻȥǣ˵Ҳڣ³ȥˣɷԼרԼʱ䣬ѲɷʲôĶһ飬ɷ
ǽֳһҲɵģôͻкòɷ٣ȻشʱٽܲɷãͲ˵ʲôˡ
ְ˷Ըһ飬ְϾȥˣǽֳڰ칫һ룬ģһϵһҪôֱû̸ʲôôѣ²İɣ
ģѵعģǽָеЩһ룬绰ί˴һ绰㱨һ¡


1113 ߱
ǽֳ绰칫˻㱨칫ҵ˽ӵ绰쵼㱨ʱְѾ˻һŵӣ˵ֳˣ˵ɷϴģûʲôɷ٣ھҪɷã㲻ڵĻøֳӴһ¡
ǽֳոմ绰һйģؽǸҪɷʲôĿģ
ְϵǲ˵ҲǽҪˡ
ǽֳһ룬þְȥ̽һ£Ļظְ˳ȥȻ飬ߣ˵÷⵳ļߣϴعǳǽֵ黹ûнأôУ
һᣬű绰ˣǱ˵绰ǽֳһӣǸǣûеɷˣܿðƵģ뷨ǹ
һҪü߹ǽֳ˾񣬱˼ָʾﲻ߹
ίһҲЩ쵰ˣϴձ粻Ӵǣӣһձɷʲô飬ǲףóǽֳ˸ߣҲձһ
Ȼֻذ˸߾ˣǲֳԿסߵֳ߽ᷢʲôûԤϵ
ǽֳ̰Ѿְ˽йҲʲô飬ֱӷԸְˣðƵģ߹Ҫ˵ʲô
ְһҪǰ˸߰ĵطҪ˲ɷãߣǻ
Ȼ룬Ǿְ˱ӾֳָӣعͷŰ취ô뿪ȥǵļ֤ģ˵ðƵİ
ǲ˵ðƵģβߣǼֲô죿
ְ˱˼飬صְԺ󣬿Ȼ̹ȻͻȻһ˵˼ˣ˵ǵļ֤Ǽٵģ߰ɣҲ׷ǵˡ
һ˵ǵļ֤Ǽٵģڵһˣ˵˭˵ǵļ֤Ǽٵģ
ְ˵Ҳ֪˵ˣ߰ɣȻǿҪȡʩˡ
һǸе⣬Щŭ˵ձļߣǲǣ
ְһ˺ƤˣҲ˵ǵǸʲôģҪǲߣǾ͸ˣ
ԡձļΪý壬ƽʱҲţģһССǽҪǣЩ̫ˡ
߲Ǹߣְ˵ȻҲеŭˣһ绰þı߸ߡ
ǸʲôģȻҪӾ쵼ģҲ̫ߵʣְ칫ңһҪʲôְһָ˼Ҫ߸ȥ
ΧҪ߸ܳȥһˣǵĲɷˣæóһĻһҪգնʱȥһòסӵˤˣ
ߵܹģ滹ݣһӼǳŭˣҪ쵼绰ʱ绰Ҳˣһ붯ְֻȻ֮䣬ֽţһߵ˸ࡣ
޷ٴڳǽ֣ƶǲֻȴǱǼ뿪˳ǽ֣˳ǽ֮ϱȻǸ쵼һ绰
˼뿪ǽ֣˵ҪǴһʱû뵽ᷢͻ˼ҵļߣһˤ˼ҵŪһؼëְ˱ǽֳʱ򣬳ǽֳҲеɵۡ
¿ô죬Ȼֵô˼ˤˣȻˣ⳥ô죿
һҲѿǮҪ⳥ĻˣڹؼҪǳһǻɷò
뵽ʱ򣬳ǽҲûٸͨˣأӲˡ
ߺܿϵ˱쵼쵼һɷ裬һ˼ҸˣˤˣֱǴһš
쵼˵زأϻɣȥҽ߸߱쵼˵õأˤˣҲˡ
쵼ȥҽԺˣС£ɱ˵
ǵû飬ȻеԼ˲أǱ쵼ȴҪǽһ㣬ȥҽһ£Ǻý氡
ߺܿ쵼ͼűȥ˵ҽԺȻȥˣ¹ûˣȰ˵οסҽԺ
֮ҲûҵˣʳǽǷ˱ǽֵı˵û˱Ϊһپȥˡ
ȥסԺ쵼ڽ绰֮б棬һ߲ɷò裬һ˴һʱĿɿڴǽô£ĵҴǵļߣ
һ뵽ϴε飬־÷һıȻԣϴûίˣһļȥɷã϶Ҳ˳Ǿû뵽ᷢ顣
統ȻûйϽǽֵȨҲع£Ҫ棬д
ӵԺǰίһ棬Ҫάб棬άȥɷãȻдɱ
ίȥǿǿڰ칫ңһΪ飬һ˳ıҲǺܾʵҶƽոտ̸ᣬҪǿǵĽǽֱǸҰձļ߸ˣⲻڴߵģڴίҶƽģ
ǿеأǺͳһȥάУάбһ£άʲô̬ȡ
һҵάУάмǺ󣬱ʲô£˱棬һ飬άвȻǿ˼ʣô£Ϊʲôûбüߵȫ
һԼǿϵ·ЩͻȻǽֵľٶ⣬ϵίͬʱҪԱļ߽οʡ
άһ룬оҲҶƽ棬ˣ˵Ҷڷǳڳ£һ㱨һ¡
ǿͳ̵˵ͷȷҪҶƽ㱨Ȼδܴ顣


1114 
ҶƽԼİ칫ʡί֯°ٽĵ绰֪׼һݵί֯
֯ѡҶƽΪίǣһʡίίȻҪһĽȨ;ȨոԼϤ˵֯Ȼڸոչ̫Ϥ뷨ǵһµ֯ʱ°ٽȴǴ绰ʡί֯氲һ˹֯
ѡǳ°ٽе飬ί֯һְԳ°ٽĽ飬Ҷƽһ£ԼոչԼͬ°ٽĽ飬°ٽ»᲻ˣ֯ʵȨɣбҪ°ٽõĹϵ
һ룬ҶƽӦ˳°ٽҪ󣬳°ٽȻ֮֯ͨʡί֯ȽеĹϵеĹ
ո°ٽͨ绰µ绰Ҷƽ㿴άдǿͳ˽ˣ̧ͷһۣǽ
߽ȥάпҶƽ㱨Ҷǣոշһ飬㱨һ£ҰѶǿͬ־ˡ
оʲôҪ飬Ҷƽϵıһָ࣬һ£˵άߵԱ£Ȼǿͳ˸˹ȥ
һʽҶƽ㱨һ飬Ҷƽһüͷ֮ǿǽ˵ҶǣǽֱִԴձļߣͬ־ˣˤʱȽأΥҶý̸ϵľҾҪദ顣
ǿһĽ飬ΪñһԼµļߣüǿŬڳǰҶƽĽ顣
ǿһ꣬άҲ˵ߵʱзԼͬ־Լͬ־ȴǼΪټΪϴձǽֵĹڴ֣Ұȥǽֲɷ˽벻ᷢ¡
άкǿ˵Ļ֮Ҷƽϸ˼⣬ûʲôκεķӦڿν飬ȡһЩʩıݹٳ״
ø߶ȻȡһЩ취úõһЩˣոڼ̸Ҫؼߣ߽ѣھͷ£ڹöһ㣬ǻοķǣ˲ģ
ʲôʮֲģһҪᣬһĹٳȻίίί˵Ӧ󣬵Ǵʱ֮ȰѵĿ˷ˣһоͻ˳ˡ
Ҷƽ۹¶һɫȻ˿άˣ᲻˵ⷬάǣǿͬ־ǲҲ˱˵Ļ㱨֪ģҿɣ飬Ǹе𾪣Ҳе𾪣׻˵ûеûзȨûне飬㶨ǾҪǹȥ˼ߣԣҪһ飬úõذһ£ֻеǲܾôҿһ£άͬ־ǣͷǿ룬Ȼüίǲ룬ͬ־Ǳ糤Ϊ˱ֹԣͲҪˣͼίҹͬ룬飬άЭ֮һ㱨Ҫúõһ飬һǲϻƨãһ
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵۾Ҷƽһţǵ֮϶Ҫ˵ģȻüίĲ룬ֻǲ֪ʲô̬ȣڼίǵλҲûʲôΪ룬ûã
Ȼһ룬ͬʱҲʶջҪҶƽίֻһֶΣö๤»Ҫһάͷ
Ҷƽһάкǿ˱ͷҶƽóȥһ£˹ίһͬ顣
ԭʱȻûʲôɼǿĹϵȽҪãǿҶƽ£ܲܵһӰ죬Ҷƽİ칫ң˵ҶƽҪһԺ󣬱ǵͷӦˣҶƽŵ飬Ҫӣʵڰܲǿӡ
ͼίҹͬȥ飬άиЭ飬Ҷƽ֮󣬱̳˵飬ǰе顣
άеҶƽл㱨ʱίڽӵ߱Ϣǽֳûмʱ㱨Ϊ߳һ֮Ҳûʲô˲ġ
ίһ飬ȴǵΪί֪϶ǣʱǽֻƵǵͷϵģΪָʾóǽְ߸ߣĸˣ׷ǲ
ίټԱᣬʾǳǽ˼Ҽ߸ˣ޹أ飬ô鱨档
ίͳһھȫƵǽϣһγǽֵûܴһһˣǲܰѻյίͷϡ
ֻжΣǹؼôôձļº󲻸ʲô
ίһ룬һ»㱨ȡõ֧֣淢סġ
ӵ棬ҲһϾһ飬۵ַģ㲻ú׳⣬ڷ飬᲻ϵ¼
һ뵽ļ߲ϵļߣҲʲôýļߣԼļߣ֪ˣ󲻺ãֻҪһЭͿԽƽ
ָʾȥϵߣ߽еǸȻ⳥˼ҵȡǵԭ£ȻչǿϵȡƽϢ
ίĻ֮ȥ飬ûеȵȥ飬ĵѾˡ
άСǿһίһǼίһίɼӣ˵ʱҲЩɵۣ벻ŪһƳֱˡ
иеãղŵķӦЩٶˣûԤϵάе˻Թ˽顣
æӭάмԺ󣬱ǰ˵һ£˽ⲻ˽һ˵֪ˣӦ㣬άлɣ˵֪ɣһء


1115 ͬ
װ֪飬æȥίȻҵͬʱר˰һίҪ˵ԼʵԱôӦԣһάе˵ĵʵ
װдάеˣȻίίûüȥ⳥ߵž˸йˣҸˣҪǵָʾӦ顣
ίŪ˼Ȼİ칫ңάеڰ칫̸飬һ̬ȡ
һװǳߵӣ˵ǽֵı̫ˣȻˣͷദ飬Ǹ
ĻάиоǷǳ飬Ȳ֪飬ѵϻǳϣֻᵽ˵ıȴûᵽǽֱ⣬ⲻܲЩɡ
˵ʱίˣ֮Ƿǳ˵ڲǽַߵ飬֪֪
ί˵Ҹոսӵ֪ͨŴ£㱨ģûüأ
Ļǡһ˽飬λ쵼㱨һ¡
һԸίȴԥŸάе˻㱨飬ǲҪǽֳ£ĻάеˣǺΣ
ĻһⱩ¶ˣǸô죿᲻ס飿һʱ֮䣬еЩţǽռϷ磬άе˻㱨ʱȥ˳ǽֳɷãԼָʾ߸ߵ顣
Ļ㱨άиоί˽ĲΪ߽һ£ߵƣ˵ȴ˱Ȼ˵һǳǽֵ˸ģ˵ίû˽
Ȼ˽ڲҪˣҪͷ飬˴˹ҪǺкϾίίк֮ڹĿչھǰһ¡
ĹһһίǸί㱨֮άб˽ʾҶƽǷǳӣҪϵ飬߲ɷõȨҪõ飬һǳص飬ص¼
άеĻȥţίеЩţάа֮ʾһصϣľ
̬֮ǿҲʾߵ¼ǳأһ˽ĿҪǰ򱻴˸ڻ᲻ᴦˣȵԺ˵
ǿû̸˵飬ĿҲõίϣ˵˵飬ίеִڹĿչ
֮ά˱ȻȥµԱе飬ίæź⼸ĳԱ̬ȼΪ
ŵ棬ַԸίϣȻְίǽҲһͬϵ飬ΪͷίˣͷȻҲҪ룬Եó
Աֱӽפǽ֣Щ˵ıЩʱ֪ʲô£ΪȡָŶԼߴֵڳ£ܰŪǵͷ
Ȼʱʱίǽֳ˽һҪźǼǼȡ»СС»ˣȻί뷨⳥˼ң˼ǸȡƽǧҪ˶ˣһҪ˶ס԰ȫƵǸְϣȥ֮ٸ԰š
ȾĴ㣬һñΣˣþְְҲ˵Ļֻóǽֳίǽֳŵʱ򣬳ǽֳȻϴӦ˽ȴǺܲˣŵģڳ£ȫŪǽֵͷϣ̫ˡ
Ȼ룬ǳǽֳҲģǴӦһм£ѻյġ
ȰǼ˵ı̸ЩǴˣǰĲðţֻǾְΰһ£ǲҪţʱͬؽǼȴǣҲֻΪСİŪˣȻˣһҪס
Ǽס˾ְεİţǷֻ쵼ģ쵼ǰ˸ߣǱߣ쵼˵Ǿ˵
Աһǽ̸Щھһ£һ˵ȶ֣˵ģб۵ģõ˲üͷ
Ȼûд¹ѶǼίͬ־а˿ھһ£֮ǰдˣǿЩ̶ߵıԱüͬʱǰЦ׷ȶֵġ
ôһʣĻشǸͬˣе˵ýģеȴ˵Ǽȭͷģеı˵Ǽײģ˵廨ţ˵ѣǵ˵ߵʱֱȭŲˡ
ݣ˾Ǵһǲˣ֯Կ˭˵ģ
һ⼸Щˣûо飬˵ѵʱǷǳŵģһʣǵ˾ǳŲסˡ
п϶ʲõģڵ֮£ͷˣӵԱӣǼӴ˶Ѷȣغϣǰʵˡ
ʾʱȷʵǴߣǷ쵼ָģǸߵģǵ¡
֮󣬵ԱɫȻȴˣΪʲôô˵һ׷ʣֻ˵Ǿְΰ顣
ڻش֮о࣬Ѷѹ֮£˵ķɡ
ͻ֮󣬵Աѹ֮£ֻʵԱ˹
⼸֮󣬵ԱǸˣȻǱ˲ǽֵ쵼Ѳ˸ϵ¼űָʹ˵ӰӣӰƺʵ࣬Կ֯飬һӸӣҲˡ
ڵ걣֮󣬱ٵǽָɲԿ飬ôҪ쵼һ飬Ա㿪չһĵ顣


1116 ˫ǽֳ
ǽԱ̬ܵȣ˵ԱĲȻѸٱ浽άά֪ԺҪԱҲҪʵȻ˲ȷȻǾﰲŵģôͰѾ˸
һţԱ˵ףְθйݺݵһְʵеԼԩģΪϴ´˲˵˲൱ֻһģڱǰζƣ˵ָʹģпҲ˵ˡ
Ȼǽֳ˰ţҪȫƵͷϣͷҲǲİԾְڵԱѹ±ǰѳǽֳ˳ָһ鶼ǳǽֳŵģҵʱ˻㱨
һԱϸе𾪣ȶ֪ǲŸεǽǽֳ˹й
ǽֳʣ㱨ҲְηҪ˸ߵָֻǾְ˼Ҫ˼ҸߣЦظߵԱںзߣ˼һǳ
ǽֳ̣صȥĻôһʺͿˣٴϱάһ˵ίԱ֪飬ίȴ˵Ȳ֪άҲҶƽ˱档
ҶƽάеĻ֮󣬱άе˲ʵҿбҪȡһĴʩίͬ־ɡ
άȴҶƽûа참ˣǣܲʲô𣿡
һά˵Ҷƽʶʲô˵أ
άеҿҪذøؼίϣϣڸذ˲ٵĴ󰸣һܵ
Ҷƽͷһ£˵ô
άе˺ܸɣֻĵطЩôɣҲ¶ϣǰ˲ٷܵĴ󰸣ȫġ
Ҷƽ˵ͷ˵ȥϣǽֳһжӲҪһҪһʺҲҪڳ
ά˼ȥҹ飬һҲûʲô˵ģȻƽʱϲʲô쵼ŵǱȽ˳ӵģάеİ֮ϴ绰ϣż˹аҪ졣
ϣһаϸ˵һ棬ͰˣҸίҪ쵼עİӣһҪƯƯģҪŪʲô
ϣһ˱֤൱˾״ҲҪӸɾʮ㣬Ȼû˵ʲô̴ȥǽֳ
ǽûгصԺ󣬵ԱֻȥˣȥԺ󣬳ǽֳȻʮֵ⣬Ƕھְβ⣬Ѿְθйݺݵһ٣˵ûȥʲô˵ˡ
ְûа취ֻţȵǽֳ꣬ˣȥְΣǽֳһ绰¡Ҳܸˣһ£һܰѻȫ
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ϣʾмίļҪǰмίܵ飬ǽȻ֮⵵£һӸеĻˣмίʱΪʲôҪǵԱôмίԱˣ
ǽֳǲԸȥʾԼҪ쵼һ£òǵݺܸȥȻȥ
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ǽֳϣˣԽǲԸȥȥԽ˵⣬ڳǽֳ֮󣬾ְμæ㱨ͻȻ˵ǽֳüί˸ˣίһӸеЩ񣬼æ档
ǽֳͻȻüίߣҲЩϣһ飬ѵͷҪ볹Ļڸô죿
ίȥһ£һһ˵
ίǽӵмίһйسǽֱֳҵ˿һ룬ίҪ쵼Ҳ˵ʲôȥɣҪ¡
֪Ժ̸绰һҶƽ˵ǽֳʱеЩãҶƽΪίǣȻǽֳĿ϶ǳǽֳǽֳĿ̫СӦ벻ҶƽķۣôĿʲôأѵҪΪߴ򱧲ƽˣ
˼˺ܾãûκεľߣһǽֳĿ֮УҪˣҲó汣ֻмίôܳ˵һ飬ҶƽķԸٳ˵ˡ
ǽֳϣ֮ϣΧչȫĵ飬ûȥй£ֱӵĸˡ
һίҪĸ⣬ǽֳŻţһ֮󣬰ŵ˳Ǵʱϣ̫飬ҪԼӸܵ⡣
ǽ̷ֳԼκεĸΪϣصľٱǰһӣȵôľٱϣǲҪһһ
һѵľٱϣǽֳֻʱĬһϣչΧ飬ǽ̵ϰȫ˹һһ飬ܿͲ˳ǽֳܻ¸⡣
һ鵽мίԳǽֳ˫棬ǽֳ˲ˣǽֳһĹٳϲ˺ܴ𶯡
ǽֳ˼ҵĺˣʱȻĲ룬ǲɲǽֳʲôԭأǳǽֳԼ¶ˣΪһĿ꣬ǽֳֻһӣ
ǽֳͻȻܶ˵Ĳ²⣬ܶ˲֪ǽֵ˴ߵ飬ԸûϵǽֳΪ⵽ģʲôԭ򣬳ǽֳٳ䶯һ£öû˵ʲôҪĹԱˣһȨյĳǽֳһ£永Ҳ١


1117 Ӧ
ǽֳӦϣ飬ǽֳܻ߽ٶԪǽֳҲһƼɲȻһòĵܻôǮ˵úܶ˴۾ˡ
ǽֳһϣ񣬽ƽ˾֮󣬱ǻȥˣȥĸؼίǡ
ҶƽӵйصıȡмίĻ㱨֪˳ǽֳΥΥ͵飬Ҳ֪˳ǽֳڼ߱¼֮ǰί㱨ʵ
Ƚӵ˳ǽֵ֪ͨȴǲȡ̬ȶԴǰɷõձļߣ˾ĽŸɰôһ룬ڰ칫ô졣
һߣŸıҵ˼룬ȻŴ֣Ѵҵ˼Ե͹ݹٳİ̶ȣȻЩδԣʵǵΪǶԴԼ̬ȡ
ý̸ϵĽֻλѧϰλûʶѧϰҪԣίĽۣձۼලίֳһȻķȻδػᷴˣȴûаĽ¡
۵ļලίԼʾҪ󣬾ǲȡӦķԴԼʾֳ˴ߵί쵼ʶϳشˡ
ίʶϵ⣬ίҪΣԼһ£Щ˵ӭж⣬һϣûаԼҪȥпԼҪ󱳵ۡ
ίίʡܸɲһ϶ܶʲôϾҪһ̣ǽֳΪܳ£һ˵ҲһãϿΪǽֳΥ˼ͣûԼʾûнǸϣ»׽˸£֪˶֪ǽֳ֮Գ£ҪԭΪԿĵ飬³ǽֳ˵ᾯʾЩʵˡ
ǽֳץˣǼ߱黹ûȫȻǽֳ֪£ί᲻ϴ£
Ҷƽһ飬ȥĻί϶ʮֽţضǿҷȶͻһείίҵìܣί쵼ŷǳеĹϵؼʱЩ˺ܻܿվһԼδ֮ʱȲܴȻζԼκεĶ
뷨һЩ̬Ҫڲ鴦ǽֳ鱣һ£ͬʱҲҪԴ¼
Ҷƽ̰άгŷ磬ǽֳָίŴ˵¸ųίʩѹʹίת̬ȣȡһЩж
ܿ챻˳ί֪ǳĽţǽֳĳѾеЩ鷳ǽֳ϶ȸ֪ģһֱ㷲ģʱִǽֳڼίڼ佻ߵ£Щˣ˵ĿǶ׼ġ
ίһ룬ȥ㱨һ£ı棬Ҳǿʼ飬ǽֳȷʵ飬Ϊʲôί˲е飿ǹ˼ɵʲôԭ
£ƺҶƽڱƿŴ֣Ҷƽ֪ίڱָʹߣ϶뷨£ȴûе飬һҥԣΪأ
Ще鵽ز֮󣬺ηչȴ޷Ԥˣѵֻ鵽ǽֳֹˣ
ίññԼ£ί⵽ί飬ǼҪ鵽ͷˣһ϶Ҫɨˡ
뵽ᶨĿ⣬ίȴҲû£˲ңҪŹί
ﲻ˵ίǣ£ҵۻǲðǲǻһЩ飬ԱӦԵǰľ棿
֮ʵôӦԣ
ί˵ίý̸ᾫһֱûнѧϰҽѧϰһ£ý幵ͨϴ¼Լδ¼˽дֲ֮ǰΪ޲ý֮ĹϵǾͿûȨ
һۣǲǵί׷Σ
һ˵ί˵Ҳ³еΣֻȥĻί͹ʮֲӴҪһìܻͣȻ²棬ֻ֯ŽѧϰֻǴ˵黹Ҫһ»
ίｲ⻰˼һᣬڵȷʮֲǽֳץѾӰ쵽¼ನڣߴ˵Ȼûýع⣬ίר֯˵飬ָίͲίˣʲôҲһζؽӲ½ίʮֲ
˵ʵطŵ̬һЩʾбҪģ֤Լ̬ȺãһµǰĽìܡ
һ룬ͬίĽ飬ίίҶƽ׶Щ˵ҶƽʰǾ͸ƵģͿҶƽӡ
Ҫչ˵Լ棬һ£ί£֯ѧϰҶƽý̸ϵĽȻ¼ͼ߱¼˽д
һİţίȥԺ֯Աѧϰʵ˵ѧϰѧϰһģ޷һ̬̬֮ǰûѧϰѧϰûʲô
ί֯ѧϰҶƽý̸ϵĽ֮רٿίίᣬйزŲΪܵýȻֽ߱飬ָǰŵԱûȷۼල飬ԺҪžķ
һһٰʮȵĴת䣬֮ǰ·ǵģǱûд飬һʽı̬Ҳɲνֱ߳ԳǷΪƣΪݡ
ⷬʮı̬֮йصԱ˳¼ڳǽֳѾץˣԽֹܻĳǽְֳָһְͬǴ߱¼ǼȫˣְαְίǸ⳥ʧ


1118 ϸɲ
ҶƽʹίȡˣίĿǣżæŵѧϰĽӶʾЧӦ
ԭڹ״̬֣£ν֮ΪίίίѧϰҶƽĻǲҲѧϰҶƽĽˡ
漴֮䣬ת˲֮任һףŵͬ־ѧϰҶƽĽһƲ̾ˡ
Ҷƽķû̫ɫΪίǣҪһһȥƶҪڼ꣬ȻԸҲЩǴӵ죬֪ԼԼԸʲô¸üʲôʱ²ü
ȻΪƽϵûȥʵǽֳ˵ĻίѾȫʧȥΣûѧϰԼĽίѾ׶ˡ
Ҷƽ̬һʼĵ֮ģڴ֮ǰ˼ʱȥǰϼһҲеһЩϸɲϸɲȻˣȻһǵڶ࣬ÿһλε쵼СǣȻ˵ϰǻĵĴͳ£ûĻһλ쵼ҲѿΪԼʩͷȴ¡
ûа취ξһֹҪðһķյģͬ־ϣԼõ쵼أ쵼ҲϣԼõͬ־֧֣߸裬һ£˵ӵĻ˫Դϲ
ҶƽҲ⣬Щͬ־УֱһүӺүӣүӵ굱ίǣǰˣڻڣүӵ굣ιίǣȳүһЩҲСһЩλէһȥûɶرģϸһͻ֪үгү˼ϵ
һλǷǳҪǵĺܳΪеҪɲһ˵ǵĶӱȽ㣬˵ʵͬ־ȻҪһˡ
ҶƽЩͬ־ϸɲ˶ǵ֮⣬Լȡǵ֧֮⣬Щͬ־ϸɲ֣СҶСҶؽţʾһ֧ģİɣúøɰɡ
ͬ־ϸɲʱҲܽ飬ô˵ҶƽҲˣԼǰɣֻҪǲи¾С
ͬ־ϸɲȻܰ£׻£ѩôģϼһͣʡίдŸѩ
˵ʵڵģѩ˰ܣҶƽ˽֮󣬲֪ѩȻǲڸܵͬʱȴҲ£һ㻹Ҫһܸ£Ըµˡ
ѩ֮ԸҲΪܸ££нд󽨣һԭòȻһԣܱɶҲɵĺá
ΪЩ£ܵΪҲ֮ڲǨַһЩϸɲ棬ټ֮ìܣעݸɲ
ѩѹͬʱûȥ⣬ǽӲӲȷΪʡίίӲӲʱûϵϸɲǿģĭӣʡίҲмܲˣ˵һʡίίˡ
ڼ֮£ټȷʵиΪһЩ˷ˮҧת˲֮ͽ˴ΣĽѵ˭ȥȡ
ҶƽȻҪȡѵҪѭιһϼһҲҪѶľ޷һƷ͹ȥռ֣ļ䣬ʼ䣬ĳĳϣ廹ðɣ仹ʲôһ쵼ᰡ
ЩϻȻԷͻ˵ܺãĿͲû˵Сһˣƽ֮һ֮£һν£ǶЩϸɲ˵ǷӰıϣһԲڴûˣ쵼ȻǣòǳҪʹ岻ãҲҪ˵屶ûκ⡣
ͬüҲҪνؼܲüö㱨ˣҲˣûӰˣһõ岻쵼˺Ҫݵ쵼ҲҪ
Ȼһ仰Ǵǳˣλ쵼ҲϣԼһţû¸ԼʲôҶƽ˵ڿһֱأ֪Ȥϸɲǲᵱʲôġ
ѩոշЩͬ־˻˵ǽҪץһץ裬Ϊһ˲֪ɶǸܰڿôĸܣǺܿȥܻеŤСӣ̺õ·ȫˣȻҸʲôܣü
үӺүҲôὨģҶƽЩϸɲξǸߣץʺⰡЩϸɲҲûʲôջģû뵽Щϸɲǳʵڣͽ飬Ҳ˵˵ϵǰʱ£յȫգҪϸɲ֧֣úõץһץ衣
ϸɲ֮Ҷƽ̰ǿ˹Ҫϸɲձͷͷλãҵϸɲǵļ˵ǰܹҪѩʵеķ
ǿһӵҶƽ˼ҶƽڽϸɲΪԼưҶƽոΣҪôǾҪֳһִϹɲӣֻϣûϸɲϣͻγһ̬ƣҪ
ǿ̰ҶƽҪȥ飬ձͷͷݣݵ̨ҲˣʵҶƽԸ£̨ͱҲҪǣݿܾͲһ͹ϸɲĻˣҶƽһţǾͱ밴Ҷƽ˵Ļȥ
͵̨һţһǿʲôģϸһȴǷĲ֮ͬȥҶƽƺϸɲǽһ𣬱ʾҪץˣһƣ˸еһѹ
ϸ֮Ҷƽְί칫ȥһϸɲļңʽͽ飬ЩϸɲһҶƽͦǵģʽ˹ǵһ룬ڸܵҶƽӵͬʱҲҶƽĿĵģΪǰ쵼û
Щͬ־ʲôû˿ί鳤ܵһЩʶȤͬ־˰ֱʾԼۻˣˣûˣһ֧ίĹҶƽͬ־󵨵ظɰɡ
Ҷƽһдϸɲ£һƣѱ湤㣬ȻϸɲµͽҲᣬôҲʵϸɲͽġ


1119 ѡ
Ҷƽһʱ֮ϸɲ£ȵϸɲԺ̵ȥӲ˽ˡ
ΪείǣһأߵһҲϤ߱õȥӲһ£֮ǰ˵ֱֵλ˽ڸҪǵ˽
ϽأŸһӲ˳򣬵һվ϶ҪȥӲ죬ΪίǻίίӲ֮ٵȥ
Ҷƽȴϸһ룬ͻ˽⣬ûбҪȥ˽Ӧ˽һ¸صص
վȫеĵͼǰҶƽĿԶĸأزԶұȽ󣬵شƫƧʼշչԽĵطԽܼչҪ䵽طΪƾֵһҪһ
ҶƽиأȻǽΪ󣬶ΪˣѧϰĽһˣҪһһʲôˡ
鳤ܽйԼ⼸г̣ҪǵȥУʲôشϼ쵼Ӳ죬һгԴϣҲͷ¶棬ϯһЩ
ܸ׼صĳԱһУΪʡίίҶƽԽʡί칫ŵĸ飬һ£Ϊίǣ黹ί칫ˡ
ҶƽҲûи˵飬飬ȻʮӵģԼ㣬߻ʲôǿ϶ǲеģˣɫһǷǳҪġ
֮һֱԱҲӲ죬һ۲죬оձһ˱Ƚϲݴչ̳۾ǴдģȽвŻ
Ҷƽһ룬ܴ绰˽йһԵĻԼ顣
ܱϵ˳֪Ҷƽѡ飬ҲΪί˲ţӶҲģӵ绰˱ί칫ȥܣܴȥҶƽİ칫ҡ
ȵ֪˵֣ƿʮϣҶƽС˶꣬ݱˣҶƽߺ󣬿ı˶ǰݵӣƿҲˣû뵽һ棬ȴǷƿȴǸ߸ߴ󣬷ǳͷ˱ࡣ
ƿĵһӡǳãҶƽͰؿһۣƿ£ƿҶƽһҶǣĿƽûϼ쵼ηη֮⡣
˵ȷвţ˵İǣҶƽһ£ЩǷֱʣ
Ҷƽ飬ƿ̽ԼĲѧҶƽǰչʾһ£ҶƽԺصͷƿ˼Ƚ϶Ŀζɫ飬ǿؼǿû˼룬ܲ˼ģȻ˼һģʱһעһЩ⣬⡣
ƿԺҶƽԸⲻԸ⵽칫׼ȷ˵ǲԸ⵽ƿ֪ҶƽҪѡ£һ룬֣صرʾ֯ҪԸ
˵Ҷƽʽð֮󣬱ǵһݴչָ̳ݹǳҪһҪġ
ƿ̵ͷӦȻȥﱨĹϵʽӱǱߵί칫ΪҶƽߵС飬һʱ֮˳档
һߵ鱻˳׳ȻĹٽײߣȴΪ쵼߶ŲСӰȥ⽨ʱνڸѧʿʾǻʵ۱˵Ĵ飬ȴãΪְҵġ
Ȼִ飬쵼쵼鲻ܴ쵼ȥʲô쵼Ӱȴǲɲ൱쵼ĶĿͲıǵһһУ϶Ӱ쵽쵼һһУȻ쵼һһҲӰ쵽һһУ֮Ĺϵܣںܶ˿Ϊͬ쵼Ϊ
һЩŻΥΥΪĲȡ˽Ҷƽ֪ĴڣɫԲɫΪԼ飬һʲôΥΥ͵飬
Ҷƽߣ˵Ȼ֪̬ȣΪ߹Ǿһǳ飬Ϊίǵ飬Ժ˵ǰ;ʲôһ·̵ˡ
ƿί칫֮ǰձҲһרдµˣûʲôȨȻʱŲɷһЩ쵼ɲҲָܱɣһЩСǰԺٻһӣʵϸû˰̫¡
һί칫ԾǸǰ绰ʺʤƿӵЩ绰ʱͷǿϲ˶ôί칫ǲλҪ쵼ܵģôһֱϵ
ЩʱƿЩЦҪҪ쵼ڱٳβȥֻͷд£
ҶƽҲʮֵĲ˽⣬ĹֻǸݳҪȥģ֪Ҷƽôֻ֪ҶƽԴͦģ֮ٿ̸ᣬǳؼҵ쵼ټġ
Ȼٿ̸ʱļûʸμӵģֻº˵ˣұ֯ԱѧϰˣѧϰʱˣҶƽһʵҲû̫£Ϊⲻ쵼˵˵ѣݸЩ߿ģѵҶƽܶԼôã
һ뵽ʱƿ͸оЩԲסҶƽʱʵ̫ϷˣûѧϰҶƽĽº֤ҶƽԴ߾ǲͬУõѸٴһǽֳ˸еӡ̰
û뵽Ҷƽѡߵ飬԰֮Ϊϸһ룬֮Իᱻߵ飬Ϊддĺðɣ֮⣬ʵ벻ͨԼΪʲôί칫ҪûˣҪϵûϵ˭õ
һ룬ֻҶƽʶˣô˵ŲȻŻһֱ֣˰
ƿں֮һ뵽Щʱ򣬱һ޵ĸоҶƽﵣίǣҪѡһ飬ǰѡһҲһСˡ
ҶƽȻƿĹ֪֮٣ֻǿƿЩŻ˼ЩڰҲֻһ£ϸĻ϶Ҫ˻ȥģƿʱ򻹲ܵģòҶƽϿɣʹҶƽ飬»øѿ


1120 Ƴ
ܺƿҶƽһǰأί칫Ѿ֪ͨ˸ίһӵ֪ͨǽŵ׼
س߸Ĺϵԣӵί֪ͨԺҲ֪ͨ˸߸߸ίԺһŽӴҶƽ顣
߸ǱˣݹҵѧԺĽʦί칫Ȼһһίǵ쵼λģط̸߸ˣϾɽ߻ʵԶĵطûб˵֧֣ÿơ
뺷ܶŹ¼ίǵ䣬ȺԵ¼ԸصĸɲشӰ죬ûа취òãǳͨЩɲֲʵʣټ뺷ȻһЩ¼з
Ⱥ¼Ҫǰ꣬ͼûˣΪҪ˸ƸȺϵϣȥηչãҲͶ˴ǮٽطȺߣʹصȺڲٶ͸ɼܣһԲ;Ҫάȶ
һȺ¼ͰѸɲĹɼûˣ⣬ίǵȻҲҪ⣬Ҷƽͬ⣬ߣҪ̸һ̸νһøصĹ
ʻ뵽صؽʱҶƽûпӭӵĳܵüͷɵÿһӣ쵼ˣǰӭӣѩڵίǵʱֻһΣҲǸεеǴΣ˺ûѩʱ̬ͬȣӭӣһֱȵѩίԺųӭӡ
ʱѩԲˣȴǽ﹤æҳҲǺܶ࣬Ҳǽţٽӭ
ʲôɣʵϵĸԭǸصĵ·һֱǺܺãίҪһͨݵҪ·Ȼίû޳ԵѩеʱⲻȥӭӣѩһѾõĲĹ·ѩһЩ̵ӡ
ѩһӺܴ󣬵֮һûӭӣǴܸһ٣ôģطȻûг֡
ûа취ѩһ֮ɶҲ˵ӭ飬ֱӸôɣ黹ðļԱⷽ飿
ѩܸһ٣ֱǰίԺ֮󣬱˳ڸʲôǲʲôҪ顣
һѩһƽ棬˵ڻҿоƶ飬һ˵ѩһû˵ʲôڼ䣬ܲõӡ
Դˣʱ䣬ѩûٽ븻طһҲ֪벻ûҲûжɽһֱȥɡ
֮һΪһˣԸЩӭĶһ浱ȻǸԭѩһ·˭֪ʵ䷴ѩûȻ·޹ˡ
ҶƽٴǰиѩԸеҶƽѩһҪҶƽý̸ϵĽиоģѧϰҶƽĽһҶƽע⣬ϴˣͷһֱ֧Ҳûʲô˼ϣܵõϼ쵼ӡһΪҶƽĽһЩ뷨йݹٳЩģϣҶƽܸ֮ıһ¡
ûӭҶƽûʲô˵ıʾһܰй۲һ£ûʱҶƽ˼Щ벻ҶƽᣬǸȴǺ
ΪҶƽģΣڿҶƽıԺȴ绰
ӵ绰һش鳤·أӻˣ뵽·ˣ߲ˡ
һȻ飬ܱǸеֿЦίĳӾȻܻˣһ뵽·ˣôܷ
һ룬·ϣ͸ܣǰصıؾ֮ϣأûа취ˣ߲ˡ
˵ܱ֮ϰҶƽ˱棬ȻЩţҲҪҶƽС
Ҷƽһ飬ҲǸе֣·ȷʵǱȽϵǳȴǻˣһ뵽·ˣȷеټ
ȥæɣҶƽ˵
ҶƽӣŸеҶƽЩˣʵǣҶƽһ·֮󣬲׸һôĵ˼·խͨ㣬ĵط󶼲ܡ
ݵ÷ǳƯǵȻܶ˵򣬵û˻ע⸻طҲ֪صϰʲôӵģĻеʧְģΪе쵼ߣԴǡ
˼⣬ҶƽеܳأԵܸʱԵòˣʵ˼
ڵسǽسǻ幫·͸߸ˣվ·ϣؿѾ뵽·ϵɣίɣǺټˣλȻš
Ҷƽ˸ǰֻˣһһǸ߸һίΡ
ҶƽһĳһǷԱĳƿ档
ӳҲ˳ߵǰǣҶǣǵĳô£
һתͷҶƽˣתҶƽЦݵصҶǺá
ţҶƽ治һصίǣûαıҲûκνĹ࣬һȥһʵũеЩԾ
߸Ӻ࣬ͬҲûְװ׾ĸɲԶ֣ѳӴݽȥĵطŪ·ʧޣǿӿݣո꣬±ӡ
ͬ־ǵĳӻˣҶƽ֣ʵ
æ˵ˣ֪ﻵˣޡ
ҶƽΧӿ˿һ˵뷨ѳӸƳ
˵꣬ҶƽҪƳһֲҶƽƳʵһƣҶƽһ·ݽ·ûд绰˹æѳŪ߸һֱȵҶƽ˵̶һƲߣû뵽Ҷƽ˿ûίǵļӣȻҪѳӸƳ


1121 
ҶƽҪ͸߸Ƴһٶ͸߸һҶƽӲ칤ģƳģ˵ǹ߻ģҶƽһߵ·ȻȡҶƽԸص֧֣·ˡ
Ҳû뵽ҶƽƳҶƽһļ߿³ŸҶƽĸʲôģҶƽ־ֹ˵ǲҪģǴƳľͷҪ˵ӣ˵Ǳػأ
Ҷƽֱߵǰ˳ӣûҪգ˵ⷬæֹգҶƽ˵ǰίӲ죬ȻҪίƳҪ˱ֽǲڴҶƽ͸ί
֮󣬱ǿҶƽҶǣ·ĸˣʧޣҲ̫խˣҪȥ￪ᣬͷ͵ȥһء
·ƳҶƽģҲ֪صĲԭţһ⳵ˣѧϰ飬˲ٵĺøУټʵݣҲȥˡ
ôҲҪԼԼίǰ·޲ãҲΰȻҲίΡ
ĻҶƽʲôҲû˵ߣ˵ֻ˵²ȨȻ˵Ķ࣬ǲһãôֻʴȨȻڼ̸Ͻ˻ֻҪĶԼ˼˲ѧϰĽһ仰Ҳû˵Ҫ˵ҪͲ˵
Ҷƽ˵ֻƳ͸߸˶ܵίǵѹоί·֮ǰίǲһ³ͰƳʲô磬˶Ŀһµ磬һе硣
ҶƽվƳˣ˵ȻܲæһæһͰѳӴӿ
صί칫ϴ绰˹ϳȷʵˣһ˾ûгˡ
Ҷƽһ˵ҵĳһȥίԺ
ҶƽĳҶƽˣټ˾ЩˣҶƽĿǲɵģһûоܾί͸߸һҶƽĳȥίԺ
Ҷƽǰ渱ʻλϣ˼ں棬ҶƽȴǸǰô·˭ں漷һģҪôĹأصĹһҪأûõĹض˾ᡣ
Ҷƽ̬ȻǲɵģҵæǰλӣȻҶƽܸ߸˼ںλϡ
һ·ϣźҶƽ˵仰Ҷƽﲻͣؿų⣬Ȼ۲һµصһҶƽǲҶƽ˵ˡ
صĳнǺģһƫƧСأһسǽɶʮˣһС򻹲磬ĵطزûɵõģԳнϣҲûز룬ûʲôҵֻܹܽҵת֧
طòҶƽ֪֮Ĳжغи¥ãƬĳȻȴǸģط϶Ǻƶģƶ񤣬طȺڵ˼Ҳģɲ˼뿴ǺȽΪѧϰĽ˼ȽҲĸɲ˼Ƚ˭֪ǲǶһͶ
֮ǰҶƽҲй뷨ǾĽӴ뷨ʧһΪʵ֤ˣίȥӭӣѵϽͶ
ӻʻ뵽ίԺֻһƾɵ¥ǰҶƽе㲻ίԺⶥǸĸ￪ųڵԺҲ̫ƾɺˡ
ίԺֻһΨһĶС¥ש߷ǳͰ֣ӣһ칫ҶƽЩüͷѵίͲܰԼİ칫ĵطŪһӣ
ȥҶƽ˳ȻֱС¥һ¥ұߵİ칫ȥһӴĵط
͸߸ͬ˽ȥ棬ҶƽڵĳҲǲôίİ칫ܵĽڼ
˵ԣֻҶƽеЩܣΪίһ֣ѵίİ칫ҲƲ
ίԺжʷˣ֮Ҷƽһ䡣
һһ˵ʮʷ˰ɣʱҲǼǲˣӦǽųڵʱ޽ġ
˵ʮˣʮ꣬ͬ־ʱǿǲԽԽͿˣҶƽ뿪Ц˵ôһ䡣
æЦűʾҶǣҵʱǿɽͷ̫ãоʱúܿ죬ίԺȻʮʷˣһֱоЩ¥ʽԺöˣϰճ룬Ҳܷ㣬ǲίԺʲôʱãֻǵȺڵת֧ԽȫصⰡ
ĻҶƽݣǲ֪ίԺãҲǲŸƣ뵽Ⱥڵ⡣
칫ǴҪģ·һֱûô£û淴ӳ𣿡Ҷƽһתᵽ·顣
æ淴ӳˣôĿί֧ǣҲûа취ԼĲһ·޲ڼϣһίܰǽ⡣
Ҷƽ⻰˼ţ߸ӻ·ǰһλ޳ɣһ뾭ǵʱкܶȺڷԣԸø·˵ƻû޳ɣǴε·ǹͶ޵ģǻһǮΪԣû޳ɣܿϧһ顣
ҶƽһеǳȣȻ˵ʵʲôôܱӴҷ¸𣿡
˵ţǵȺڵֻ֪һٹ·ܴҷ¸֪飬Ҷһ飬ֱ޷⡣
˵Ҷƽȴ˵£ҿӲܴȺϣ׻ҪǵĸɲϣûȺڣֻĸɲǵĸɲ̬ȼȥȺڵĹҲ飬ʱ飬ǵĸɲ˼ʶλ˼벻ţɲ˼벻ţȺôܹǵĹȻ²Ҫԭڵ쵼ϣΪ쵼ɲԼ˼ţȻʲô˼ͻʲôĶ飬ҪƵȺͷϣҪԼԭ򣡡


1122 
ҶƽʵʣѰӴڸɲϣǴȺϣص·޲ȫǵʱ쵼ԭ򣬲Ҷƽڽ⻰ʱ򣬲ûпǵʱĸίǼ
ڸصίǣűǵιίǣڹίǺ󣬳ίίҵίǡ
һҶƽҲ֪ģ֪Ĳ壬ֻ֪ﵣιίǣ֪·ġ
ҶƽĻ͸߸˱ǸеҶƽ˵ѣһ˵ֱҪûΪǶڸ·ϵһֱ΢ʵģȻʱϰȷʵԽ·һڱĶڵʱ£ίһЩϰղᷴԺܼҵģûκζһȻûˡ
úõһĿȻŪˣ˵¶˲ţĵȷȷˣڵĸȻûһ·Լ˸صķչ
Ҷƽһ͸߸æǣʲôʱ򶼲ܰѰӴȺϣΪȺûκãȺǲվôؼҪɲŤתľ棬ȻȺڵ˼Щ󣬵ⲻǷչɣΪɲӦȺڵ˼תìܡ
Ҷƽר·飬Ҷƽʣ͸߸ʵǸ˵ģΪ˵Ҷƽע·ˣֻҪҶƽעһ취ġ
Ҷƽ·һֱûޣ˵ίһҲûУѵزܼȡȻʰ·
ʵϣزޣʹȡҲҪԼһʽ𣬵ⲿʽò𣬶ͷֲԸ˵³
ҶƽűصίҶƽ˹㱨Ļ㱨Уⱻ˺ܶΣùȷʵûж㣬ûͶʵҵҲûʲôÿһԭʼ״̬
ĽȴȤڴ֮ǰ˽еʱȥУиɲ̸ģȴ̸ôĽ⣬еȤ
ͬ־صĽĺܺ𣿡Ҷƽ㱨֮󣬱顣
˵ҶǣȻ󣬵ǵĽԴӸ·¼ԺǸеȺڵ˼뻹ǱȽϱϰսܵĽ٣ǲǿԼĽĻطԶΪطʵڲʺϷչãⲻܣǿ͹ޣͨ㣬ҲȱԴ֪үǲǺǿһЦؿԴḻǵɶԴûˣһЦûа취ֻ취ǿǸǸطС󣬵ȥĸ߿ѧʣǵһ
ǵһҶƽҲЩţôһطȻ߿ѧǵһ
ͬ־ҲǳҪҪȥһǵĽɣҶƽȤȻ˵ظӡ󲻴ãԵ÷ǳ󣬵ǽͻȴҲȤǹҷչһҪĸûõĽҵķչûпɳ־ԵģΪһĵܰýľȷʵֵѧϰ
ҶƽĻ̴ҶƽǰһȥӲ죬һԶһУһеļҳȻų;Ѻ͵ѧϰǸصһ
ӺܿһеǰҶƽһȥָһе¥ﵱõģίԺöˣ߼ֱûпɱԡ
Ҷƽ̾ǰѾڽˣԸίԺ¥ǣҲҪѽѧ¥̬Ȳܲ˸е塣
ҶƽûӲ뷨ģܲȥһ˽һ
ѧУ˳ʱѧУոսӵ֪ͨѧУУæӭӣҶƽ󣬼æǰ֣ҶƽһǵĹˣллǹ
Ҷƽһ仰۾ЩʪΪоҶƽѧУУ˵Ҳ˵ģҶƽҲǶһֿ϶ڸ߰еĲ˽ϣúܶ˲⣬һЩɲ⣬ί쵼ԭҲΪ¶ɼί쵼˵Ҳûгɼ
Ҷƽһ˵ĺñǹӲ죬Ȼڶһְ֧뵽͸еԼЩжһί棬طѾˣŴ꣬壬ȻûְԵ˸֮ʲôҲûֻάȶƽƽȥͿˡ
ƽӹŵº˼Ⱥ¼ٵѣְһεʵǲôص
ȻˣȻûԱǼԼרץý˵صĽǷǳлģûصĽᵽôߵĵλֻΪصĽȫصǰС
У֣ҶƽУңרȡУȫУһ㱨УĻ㱨֮ҶƽҲǳ֪ίԽĴ֧ˣȫصĲ϶Ͷ뵽˽ȥһеĽѧ¥¥ȫڼģȫصĽ˿Ľѧ¥
ȻⲿĽѧŽѧ͸ߣڸһطѽѧ¥ôã˸ίһִǾǰѽһܸߵλãѺӷһܸߵλãһδһֿĵ
ҶƽУı棬ȻѧУʦټҶƽһǽ̸ЩʦҶƽǣίǳӽΪδҾĻ˲žϣ˲žĸǽ֮һЩ泬ǣҪ˼ҵ˲ŻƽƷǳ˴˲ţǹʶϻڶ̰壬һЩطۻгⷴӳǵĽˮƽдߡ
ЩطУûǮԼõסһҪúõģѹҵǮרڸϣҿһ۸صľжô󣬵ǽûУǸ˽־ʮֿɼΣǳ࣬ǵʦܼԼأúǵ԰ǳĲףҴίǱʾлϣǼŬȡʤ


1123 
Ҷƽĵؽⷬڽһֱǳעģڵ˽ίڼǶȡŵĹ㱨û뵽ĵطȻѽôãһôߵλá
ҶƽĻֳҵʦǵһμίǵѧУӲ칤ӼǣÿʦڵʱҲֻ쵼쵼ûģ˵ίˣܼҶƽίʦǷǳˡ
ҶƽĽһжҶƽǳⲻһִǳ⣬һϵ⣬ϵ⡣
ҶƽѧУӲ죬͸߸˸еܵ˼أǰίƺһɨ⣬֮Ǹ˵غҶƽ˵Ż
˵ӣҶƽǵڽ˺ܴĹֵôѧϰģսץһԶΪȻڸǲԣʮʮ֮ػдı仯ǵĹû
Ҷƽһܸߵۣ͸߸ЩҵæҶƽʾҲû뵽Ҫʷֻھ£ýˣˣǾԶҲ׷ˡ
Ҷƽ˵ͷ뿪һкֵ˸һӲ칤֮ͷõĽȻѧУеץģ˵ֻץøһУѧʣıȡȫеΡ
صȻǸҶƽ֮󣬱Ǹе̫ˣȺڵԣϲѧǽǶôҵһ£ط⣬ȫͶ뵽Ƿǳȷģۿ˭ܿ˺ӣжѣýѣһ
ڸشһ죬ҶƽӲ֮븻صȫίίسԼؼϸɲ̸˽
ȻطҶƽҪһίĹ˼·˽ίһĹӶø뵽ԼĹ˼·
ҶƽݵĴǣδ꣬еĹֵҪﵽʡĹֵһϣеĹֵֻռȫʡ֮һʡľͺСһ˽еĹֵôСһռ֮һҲǼǧڶѡ
Ҷƽھ÷ģȻ˵صĽķǳãҲֵÿ϶ͱǾ÷չȻҪ⣬ҲҪͶĲսԽͶ룬¸òǮȥʩ裬Ⱥڵˮƽ߲ȥҲǲеġ
ҶƽҪǣ֪Ҫӿ쾭÷չίȫһ壬֧չѵ֮ĲƽصòһҪ֮һܺõı仯ϰյҪһߡ
ҶƽⷬصĸɲǶʱеĿһ£ͬʱҲ׳־ǸеҶƽһλ۲ŴԵίǣǴӷĸɲǰίǲ֪Ҫǿٱ
ȻҲˣΪҶƽڴţƤʱﲻĿ꣬Ҷƽô죬ϲţĸɲܶ࣬ҶƽһţԺ󣬱ˣˣ˭ǵ˵Ļ
ҶƽȻǶĻ׳棬֪ô룬Ǳǽ飬ǵʿֻܰȫеĸɲȺһģŴչĿǰ
ȻҶƽĿֻ꣬ѪҪʵĿ꣬Ǳһıϴʩ֯ʩչ·ߣϣЩȥǡ
Ҷƽε̸ϣֻһ۵㣬Ǳǲ˼㻻ˣҪʵִչͱҪ˲ţ˲ǷչıϣǵĸɲȻڣûΣеӵУôԶҲչ
صЩɲǲЩݣ˵ʵڵģǵѾúľˣ棬͸߸˱Ƚƴ֮⣬쵼һֵùҹ״̬չĺòҲû˹ܣȻؼǲܷչá
Ҷƽ˼㻻˵Ļһʱ֮Ϊǲ֪Ҷƽһ᲻ȡʲôжѾϰӣǹϽŵӣͷЩӦ
뵽صĸɲֱ壬ҶƽĽ©һ֣ҶƽıǰίԲͬǱעǵһЩˡ
ҶƽĽҲ飬ﾭûзչãҶƽ˵ⷬʱ֪ʲô˼Ҳ֪ûʲôȻ˵ҶƽĽ˳ֵĿ϶
˵ʵڵģߺҲûҪú÷չãǷչҲҪҪ෽֧֣û֧֣ǲ÷չãҲûа취뵽ҪǮӵһЩ޷ɵ飬ķչãҲǶԺһչֻǰҪӳԶȥΪδķչ׼
뷨ȻЩҶƽĿǺͬҶƽĻҶƽҴӷһŲٵİ취ӿݵķչһһаҶƽҪѹˡ
Ҷƽ˻˱̬ʾһҪҶƽҪӿȫصĴչȫعɲȺһҪץǿչĽȸкΣС
Ҷƽ븻صĸɲǼ֮󣬱׼ȥҪڵĴȥ֣ΪУһŴһҶƽͳؾ
ҪԼؾҶƽЦŶ˵ͬ־ǲӭҲͣͦãͲҪˡ
˵Ҷǣǲ뿪һͣʱǻ֪ʲô쵼ˣһᡣ
ֱֱȥҶƽһЦˣԸֱˬ˵ĻôʵڣǲӭԼȻΪԼ˽⣬˽ˣˡ
ҶƽǺЦ˽ԼͣϲһףúùҪģĶطϡ
ҶƽĻȻҪͣҶƽǰڰ֣ǲҪˣȥɡ
Ҷƽϳֱˣ͸߸վþûȥҶƽıеӡ̫ˣԺοչоһ¡
뿪أҶƽڳߵ飬ӡҲǱȽ̣̤ʵΪʵڣԸֱˬĸɲһøɲڷչϣǷȱһЩһأǽǽΣһʱ֮䣬ʼ飬Ҫ뷢չã˲һҪ⣬һĹҪⷽ顣


1124 Ӳ
Ҷƽһ·飬֪ǵ˴ؾӵһ̧ͷǷִӭˣͷӭӵǴίǳسãվڳͷһǺóĳ֪Ҫö١
ӹ˵һأҶƽ֮ǰҲ˽˴صһԴḻĵط١⡢ϡпмҴĿԴҵͬʱб鲼ȫصС󳧣ĿԴ˲ͶʳԴصصľ÷չ˺ܴá
ίǳس¹öԴصľ÷չǳ⣬ҲԵãеľõλǳҪҲľȽϴˣҲǺܺã˴ȫеĻȨأöȽٲǡ
ͷö˶гԹϵȽҪãǳͦͻѩˣҶƽǻҶƽòеģǾҪӭдҶƽ
Ҷƽ뷨ȴûϵԴ͵ķչģʽһ򲻿ãڴԺĵطǡǡϵģ÷չһҪ׼ǾǹҵûйҵԴԶǿֻһͺñжĵΪʯͶԶҲɲǿΪǳʯ͹ҵҲûбʲôҵˡ
ԵҶƽصʱ򣬲ûаѳͷÿжôҪΪ˭ڵλãĳɼؼܲڴ˻һЩͬĳɼ
ͷӭԼҶź͸߸˵ȫͬⷴҶƽЩüͷȻ˵ԴȽϺã˽ǻǲٰɣĳ˽Ǳߵĳ·˺ܻܰ
ҶƽĳԺ󣬳ͷ˶һشӳӭӣӭҶƽһϲǴʱոչҲֻܸ³ֱ֣ϳˡ
ܵĻԺ󣬳ͷֻϳǰ·ߵ·ȥǲҶƽһһ߿·ȻǸ޵ģ·Ѿ˲ٻĵطˣǲ·޵ϸ񲻺ϸĻɡ
ֻǻɣҶƽ˵ʲôųʻسǣصسǵȷҪȸҪò٣нûԣ׷ơ
ίԺʵڲܽʲôԺˣظոսµί칫¥ܹʮ㣬ǳɣȥ˵
ڽ칫¥ҶƽһҲԣֻҪԸư칫һ뵽ǸίԺһԱȣеЩںΪʲôҲǲ˵
˴ίԺҶƽ˳ͷ˴ǽί칫¥ĺңĺʩҶƽǸеؾþҲҪѰ칫ôã칫¥Ըǣڲװ޲Ҫôðɣ
Ҷƽʱɫͷ˱ڶ棬㱨Źϵ飬Ҷƽϸš
֮ҶƽʵǴֵ֧ҵȻǿԴҵûǵԴݽ֮ô죿ûⷽķչ˼·
ҶƽһʣóͷöЩֲڴصľ÷չĲʱȥⷽ飬ڵǺܺõģ˭ȥԴݽ֮顣
Ҷƽһۣ˱ЩӦǳתһ˵Ҷǣڽʣ취ǵĲҵṹٽõƽⷢչ
Ҷƽ˵󣬱ʵûصĲҵֽ֧ṹ
ڽоصԴܷḻṹĶ㣬ҲǸеͷ۵¡
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ҶƽĻͷֻõͷӦǸоҶƽ֮ǰ쵼˼άһȻֱⷽ⣬ҲţҶƽ˵˵˵ѣ̫ϡ
˳Ļ㱨ҶƽԴص˽⣬ĿǰҴ͹ҵרſɺ١ҵڴžصĵλҲҪԴҴ͵ҵ֮ãĶһЩСҵԸ˵ĿҵΪ࣬سǵĽֵŲٺЩɶЩ˽˿ġ
ҶƽҴҵȥӲ죬˽ҵܿȥǳͷƴӣǼҶƽǵȻҪܹģΪҶƽίǣǵҶƽ
ҵ̸ܽҶƽָԴ͵ҵһҪѧӰ˼Σ׷һ棬ǹҵս԰ȫһ棬ΪǵԴֻڵźķչһϲȥԴˣûԴΪ˼֪ԴҪԣͨչ߿ƼƷӶᷢչйҵԴǶԴһѵʶ
Ȼ˵ڻԱȽ󣬵ֻʱģֻҪص㷢չƼԼһЩɳĲҵ׷ǵģԲٽֲִʽķչˣԴҲûиֵȥɷȥ
ҵҶƽĻ֮ͷǣⷽǵȻҲ˽⣬ȴǲһ˭ҲȥԽ׬ǮαȥδڻһǾһЩ˽˵Сҵֻ׬ǮѹͿļ۸ͳһۣڶ⣬һЩ˽˿ûа취
ҵ˵ʱ򣬳ǳһۣҵܷǲ˵ˡ
Ҷƽһ˵£׷˽˿ҵķչʲôǷҪϣ
Ҷƽһֱ׷ʴ£ҵܵǲòټ˵ȥˣʾ˽˿ҵķչһЩԴ򣬵ǴһҲ˵ϰյ룬ϰտԵ򹤡
Ҷƽ˵ͷ˵˵⣬طûʲôҵֻһЩ󳧣ϰյ򹤿׬һЩ룬Ǵ󲿷ֵÿȥˣڻҪ෢չ͵ҵֻſԴ˽˿ҵչ⣬ԽһоԴķչһһЩ˽˿Ϊ׬ȡƵؽпɣǽƻԿɣȥǲеģҵķչҪڹ֮УԴ


1125 ǹ
ҶƽӲ˴صĿҵ˾ҵ̸̸Ҫٴؿҵ뷨ڴԴأ䷢չӿƵĻƱػᵼ´ḻĿԴҿҲ״̬µĶܾô˷ˣҪʹҲҪ߸ֵ
ȻҶƽûе沼飬ֹܵ飬ֹܵģΪίֻٿίᰲ飬ǲﰲţϳ򣬵ȵȥԺ˵
Ӳҵ˾ҶƽҪȥһ濴ⶼǳȰźõģԵ֮󣬷ߵҲҪȸصĺã·Ҳ޵ĺãСҲǸƯǳԸҶƽǰչֵ
ΪҶƽ˽˿ҵƫһ˽˿ҵ˾һ£˽˿ҵ˾ȽϴԭϵҵƳ˽˵ˣԻϺãȻǱȽϹģͬһСӣ˵ίҪӲ칤æɨ׼ϵʲôҲæòɿ½Ӵ쵼쵼ˡ
ҶƽĳӽҳӵʱҶƽȷʵҳĲһ㲻˽˵ĳӣһҾӪĹгӡ
ҵ˴Ҷƽ³֣֮ЦݣͬһؿҶƽ˿ĵȻѳӾӪҶƽ㱨һ顣
ȡı棬Ҷƽû˵ʲôְ֪ŹӲ죬ǿʲôģľ÷չгӣСҲò
ι˳ԺҶƽ˵˾䲻ӵϰǳˣ˵ҪҶƽԷҶƽЦЦȻʲô˴ˣ˼ȻðֲΣٳ̵˹ȥǸܣ˵Ҷǻб¡
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Ҷǣǽȥһɣ̽һҶƽ
Ҷƽعͷ˿ͻȻ˵ˣѧУľ÷չģ
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һ·صسǣҶƽ³˳ͷã˿ˣǶ˵ص徭ʵӽϲȥιһ¸صصľʵȫģǶԽȴߵģǵѧУҪԶߵѧУã¥ԸǵúܺãΪʲôѧУ¥ܽúãⲻǹ˼·⣬漰ִ⣬ʱҪȺڷϣѺӷϣֻǿںţҪʵжϣҪھúõʱһЩԶ滮ԶһԶ飬ⷽҪע⡣
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ҶƽĻæʾһҪӽӴԽͶ룬ȫصУһ飬ѧĽѧʩá
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оҶƽȷʵǲһͷֻ÷뷨ҶƽһԶȥ
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ʱҶƽҪжҲ֪ô£ҶƽרŽԼȥ£˵ҶƽڻǱȽģһҪֺá
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Ҷƽ˿ǰ˵ͷȥ
ƿﲻһôȥˣѵҪɱǹҶƽǲ·ư
˾һԸϵͷȻķʻȥƿڳоԼҪҶƽһ£ȻԵ̫ˣһ˵Ҷǣط治̫ƽȥʱ򻹷ģŹΪ飬ȻǮǮǷҲ࣬׳һЩ顣
ƿĻҶƽһ˵˵ǮǮֻ׬ȥˣͷҿĶһЩһ棬һ뿴һ֮棬ղŵǸǿûУǾ͵￴һһطǲ渻ʵô
ƿһǸе𺳣Ҷƽ˲һ


1126 ũ
Ҷƽڳƿ˾Ѱ·ǰʻȥǰһ·ڣҶƽ˿ͻȻ˵ʹȥҿ
ӹһխĵ·ղֿĴ·ͬȥӿݣƽʻصصƿҶƽڳﲻ·ҶƽԼҪߵģҲܶ˵ʲô
ʱ֪·ôߣһˣ֮ǰҶƽĶǺõһ棬ȴҶƽһ·ԻҶƽˣеĹ·޵ôãũĵ·޵ôԱȲ̫ˡ
ԶʵĶƿͻȻˣ֪ҶƽҪӵĿģѵ˵ҪȥѧУҶƽӲʱҶƽܹע⣬ڸˣ˴ҲˣҶƽȥѧУɡ
ҶǣǲҪȥѧУƿһ룬ͷҶƽ
Ҷƽһ˵еƿܴȻ³Լ⣬Ϊ飬ҪӣѸ쵼ͼ쵼ȥԸǲϸģƿ鵹ѡöˡ
Ҷƽû˵ֻǵ˵ͷȻ˵һ䣺ȥ
ƿ̺ܸˣΪһ飬ھҪתݣӼ߱飬˼άķʽҲҪת䣬ԭر˵ļ⣬ȴֻܴ쵼ĽǶȥ˼⣬۲쵼һһУӶȥ쵼ͼϺõȥǰ
ǰʻʮӣӱ˴淢ʶĵطҶƽ͸⿴ȥֻһѧУһũѧУûдţֻש߷ǵݣһᲱϣһûϿģԶһǽдѧУ֣һСѧ
СѧӣҶƽ֪طľʲôˣϰǮĻԲطѧ
ڽû㹻ӣӵȼֱ̫ԶˣֻϿŹʣʵϣöطȺԣֻǸһԴˡ
صƶصƶ˸еģضƻһˮƽϸߵأڿδ˰ȻͳģֻGDP֣ܴԣˮƽ
Ҷƽóͣӳƿæ³ԶѧãҶƽפãû˵ƿ˵һҶǣũСѧڱȽϵףѧѧˣֻʵûǮ˲ũСѧϣȫкöطҲҲǴӡ
ƿΪܹĵط࣬ҲҶƽԭ֮һ߶ݵ˽࣬飬ʡ˺ܶ¡
ȻҶƽһǶݣ˵طҲ
ƿǵģҲֻưܵͬˣСѧڱȽصģǱ߱Ƚӽȫ˵ԾͺһЩҲбȽưܵѧУĲдСѧͳһ׼ѧˣҲԴ˷ѡ
Ҷƽ˵ͷ˵˵һĵѧУӣҪм򵥵άǷҪµķӣ㿴ؾӣάһ¾ͺˣ¹׻Ӳӽˣ취ܱѶࡣ
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ƿΪ߼ʶǳĹ㣬ͬʱҲǹ͵ˣΪڷԵļߣ˸쵼ıĻᣬҶƽǰԼһЩ뷨˳
ƿԼ뷨ЩıϣҶƽȻƿ˸ĺøУһ˵ȥĿ󳧿һһʲô
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ֵһӣҶƽۿȥֻһƬ֮УǿȾԭ򣬴мũңһЩȽϵͰ߷п󳧵ĵطҲǲôԣֻԶм¥Ƚϲ
һƿͻȻҶƽҶǣطɷùΪȾԭ򣬶֮ǰһɽŹϴ͵͵ģǴˣҺܵÿ죬û׷ϡ
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Ҷƽ֮ǰƺƿΪСƣǽ쿴뷨Լ뷨ܽӽǲԸƺ˼ңԽ顣
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ҶƽǺһЦǬ֮£ǻܶô𣿡
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1127 Ӳ
Ҷƽƿǰţֻµĵ·Ǳѹѿ˺ܴķ죬ȫǿӿݵӣһӦ벻ǮȴԸʰ·һ¡
Щǿֻ׬źĵǮǴ뵽棬Ҷƽ·ԼҿȾĻʱѹܻ˽йһͨ
ȾӣҲû˹𣿡Ҷƽһһƿһ䡣
ƿæܲߵ£ҪԭлûǿԵȨûϣЩǲᵱµġ
Ҷƽ΢΢üͷ׼ӸһпܵĻ￴һҲУĻ˽ĸһЩ
Ҷƽǰߣƿţһһܴţ˷֣ҶƽԼνҶƽʲô⣬ǵΡ
ŵʱƿһ۱ǿԶͷ첲Ŵˣһ⼸ˣһ£ϴξ˳ŻǣǸˣֳ˰Щһʲôˣˣ˵壬ֻĶˡ
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⼸ͷ˵ʲôƨߵʱƿ̲סڶݺݵһ飬ģԼҲ̫ˣô˵
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Ҷƽ̸²һͷƺȤȻߵҶƽǰһ˫ӣȫʩչѹҶƽƺҪҶƽ̵
ҶƽվһƽҲƿԱ߿󣬼æ˵б³
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ͷΧ֮󣬾ҶƽץҶƽҶǶֲ⼸˳Ҷƽ򵹣ǸͷģҲǸղҶƽǸˣվһ뿴ҶƽӣȻû֡
һҶƽس˵ǹܣ棬վһ߿š
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ûа취ͷֻվ˳һ˫˵ھͰɹܣʶ㣬ҵ̸һ̸
һŻҶƽһ߻ҶƽͶҶƽһЦûôݡ
ͷһҶƽĻһеԼǰϳҶƽˣ͵ôһҶƽ˹
ҶƽڣӲûжǵ嵽Լǰʱһ㣬һ죬ͷһգڵأŪһʺһӣͷһͲûЦ
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һƣ˻ȥȻСĵܵǸͷǰȥһͷٿҶƽǰˡ
ʱƿܵһȥ绰Ǳ110ȻǸܴ˵绰ڷʱոջصȻҲ³ʲô£ֲòҶƽģһӵƿĵ绰֪ҶƽˣϼҪ
ܵһʱȥһ绰ҶƽϽڻûлǰŸй־ֳŸһ绰ٶ֪ͨɳɳԱǰ¡
绰һָƿȥһ绰ر֤Ҷƽ˵İȫҶƽʲô£ҪȫΡ
ƿһʱѹɽ󣬼ʹƴҲҪҶƽ


1128 㱻
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Ҷǣû°ɣƿæСĵǰʵ
Ҷƽ˿˵û£绰ˣ
ҶƽղҲ۲쵽ƿܵԱߴ绰ˣԱһ䣬ƿ˵ұ˾ָ鳤һ绰ұ뱣֤İȫ
ƿĻҶƽǽûúõ˽ˣһˡ
ƿ֮󣬱վǻˣֻҪ˲˺ҶƽͿˣͲˡ
ҶƽƿվʱͻȻԶ˾ƿһϲصˣҶǣǲˡ
Ҷƽû¹ʱ֮Ц֮Ǵһ飬Ǻˡ
ƿΪЩģȵ֮˹ȥͬ־ղұľ
ƿôǰһʣϾ첢ûߵǸͷǰʵ˭
ǼͷָҶƽġ
һҶƽģͷǸתߵҶƽǰԸ˵Ұѿϣ
һ⼸ҪҶƽϣƿϳǲܿ
ͷľ죬ִƿһƣһȥһ𿽣
ƿûϵˣֱ޷ˣָǼǲǾ죿
ǲҪǵľ֤ǰ참˸ˣǲǣͷݺݵ˵
ƿ֪⼸첢ģǿֱӴ绰ɳǳľͷľ첢ľ죬ɳЭЭǸͷ׸磬Ĺϵ⼸֮ȻҪҶƽˡ
˵Эǲܵģ˴γȫЭЭ˽¹ģ֮Ҷƽ
⼸ҲȴǼΪԵûоӣҶƽ뿴һǵľ֤ղЭֻһУûó֤
˵Ǿ죬þ֤ҿҶƽ죬һƽ˵
ҶƽҪþ֤ͷЭȻָ˵
ǲܿίǡƿＱˣæ˵
һʱѼЭһΪ׵Эڱһº˵ʲôίǣʡίҲҪҪġ
Ϊ׵ЭҲǷˣһҶƽʲôίǣĵܱܵñ𣬱ðҶƽץȻúһƿĻҶˣǻô
һЩ˷ˣʡίǶҿˣӲðˣƿղŻһƣҪƴҶƽæܵҶƽǰǿ
⼸ҪԼҶƽ֪ߵΰôˣҲ˵طĹ齨źܴ⣬Լ˽Щڿ˵ȫˣ߲ΰҲ㲻ã
Ҷƽһ룬ֱӶǼЭ˵ÿҸһˡ
һ˵Ϊ׵Э˿Ҷƽ飬ǰ˸£ЩĴǲɵĻЩ鷳ˡ
ˣܲôˣԼܵô˸ˣһǲܵģ֮Ҫأ
ϴߣЭһ£ִȵ
һҪҶƽƿǳǰÿЭһȻȰˣȻ뿽ҶƽҶƽ˼Ÿô죬Ƿأˡ
תһ룬ԼҲϣΪίǣþˣȥЦ˾Բ⼸ϡ
ҶƽҪʱԶִ˾һ˺öྯ죬ʮˣ⼸ЭһͷľȻǵɳֻɳ˹ʵλҶǣ
Ҷƽոߣ˵ȻʶֽӵҲٿҶƽڵ¶ûмΣɳ˹֮ǴλҶǡ
һоˣҺλҶǣƿæصҶߣ
ƿĺɳ˹ƿæλҶǣ
ƿһָҶƽλҶǣǵ˰ҸˣҶǵ顣
һ˵ƿҶƽ飬ɳæϰӴ򿪣
ǼЭһƣæƿӸˣԺƿ˵ЩǾΪʲôױˣ
ɳæǸղŽӵعֳĵ绰˵Ϲί쵼һ˵ί쵼ˣһˣһղЭҲ֪ǲ֪ʲô£Ҳûйܣһ󣬼æ˹ǿˣŵɫǼЭһ٣ȻߵҶƽǰСĵصҶҶǣɳܹǿԭ£
һССɳǰû˵ʸҶƽ̧ͷһ۵Ǿֳأ
ǾֳϹɳ̻ش
һԭҶƽʲôǣһĿɿڴǼЭǼͷʱҲɵۣ˰˾Ȼ쵼ǻΪҶƽǴɢͷء
ƿѾõ˿ƣҲҶƽԸһ˽Ǹ첲˵ĹͷȥˣʱɳҲûȥ˭ˣæ˰Ǽͷץɳȥ
ҶƽѾϣ׼ȥû뵽Ҫߣ˼Ҵҵظˣعֳһˡ
һҶƽ˹Ҷǣôһ
ĻҶƽ֪ԼĹ鿴϶᲻⣬ˣҲر⣬ԼίǣôҲߵһЩʵ
Ҷƽһۣ˵··ٵˣصΰò
Ҷƽ˵ʩѹæ˵һ˵飬æϹˣͷǻúô顣
ҶƽҪĿɲôһ飬㿴һôĿʲô״ϰܹȥΪ˵棬˵棬㿴ȥ𣿡
Ҷƽһָٸѹæ̬ǻȥȥرһЩȾصСҵ
Ҷƽ鲻ܵȵ֪˲ȥ죬ϰѵûзӳûȺС£ԭ򣬵ҿ黹飿ͷҪγһ棬ίȥ


1129 Ѹٴ
Ҷƽ˷ԸȻֱӾ˳ûطͣҲû̫ӣ˳֮뿪ط
˿Ҳûа취۰Ͱ͵ؿҶƽˣҶƽ֮󣬳תͷ׷ʲô飬ɳһŵؽղ˽⵽һ顣
һҿҪҶƽȴҶƽ˹ۣҽԺˣûȥҶƽ˵£򹫰ֳԸϰҷˣǼ˵ģ˵ǼЭץѸٴλ
عֳ֮һҲҵˣڱð׵ģ˽˿죬Ȼðίǣֻܹùˡ
ǼЭְȨҪҶƽҲǵ죬Ҳôֻһ
ݺݵطԸ飬ҶƽͻȻɱǹ˽µϽУһΣյˣھȻַôӵһ£ҶƽʱһΪȻ˵Ҷƽδػȥѱպ뷨ڱ뷨ֲ飬ȻӳԶ˵ҪΣˡ
飬̻صسǣѷý˹ղŴûͨãڱùͨһ£Ҫоһ£һҶƽᵽ˻⣬ǲҪһλרжһӣҶƽǹΰǲҪعְֳȥͬҲҪҶƽġ
ùһ˵ҲǷǳ𾪣Ҷƽڴصĵϲ˴£ΰȷʵǲãҶƽֻǷһЩ⻹˵ȴǲ˸ˣǱȽˣɳϸ񰡣عֳûйϵأ
ðһ˵һ룬ҲǣƨɴɳİϲûбҪѰӴعֳƨϰɣҪعֳйͬ⣬عֳĹϵҲġ
ϣ˻ϴһ£һЩС̫࣬ˣΪǣܶ෽棬һ˾жģ֣ڳ⵵£βһӣһЩûûСȫͣһ£ԸתñתãԸתþͲǿˡ
һ飬Ѹٿίίᣬо飬᳣ίһ˵֮ҲĿ࣬еǵ˴ùôͻᷢ£½زðˡ
⣬ίίǶԴɳһûκε飬ҽҲҪعֳһ㴦֣ȻҶƽ˵ȥһҲǣͬǵǶڹرСһ£гίΪһУһЩطĲŪûᵼϷãĲȶأԴֻرЩĿ󳧵ˡ
ίһ飬ͷ֮һ£Щίǿ϶ܹĿɽ£Ͼɽܴ˭Ҳܲע飬˭棬ҲݣСһҲǺ¡
ǳͷ˵ĿҶƽģҪĹرЩСɽֻҪͨ飬ҶƽͿˡ
ϸߴңίҶǹע⣬ڱҪĴʩ飬ٿǵЩǵˣؼܷίҪȲȡⷽĴʩԺٽӦĵ
һ˵ĳίһ룬оҶƽѹǣǲͬĻ϶ǲеģҳĻҲص˼ȻǾͬɡ
᳣ίǾͨͨԺ󣬳дɱ棬һί˴عֳɳ⣬ɳ͵ְعֳԼǹ֣һǻ㱨˿ɽĴ
дñ֮󣬳ǴŰ칫μæ֮ί칫ȥίļȥг㱨һ¡
ʱԻ֪Ҷƽڴ飬һ棬ԲЩȻʧЦеˣҶƽȻ˽ȥ΢˽ã󻹷¡
һȡ˳Ĵ棬ǸõģдһЩģؼ̬⣬ڰ鴦ˣͲҪˡ
˳ԵĻ֮󣬳ŷģֻҪ֧ͲõҶƽʲôˣʹҶƽҪʲôҲ¡
ڳ̸̸ŷĵˣʱܰѴصı潻ҶƽҶƽһȻһ룬Ӧĺܿ죬ЩԤϣοɽ£Żоһ£𣬵û뵽Ȼôٿίίоˡ
Ҷƽһ룬еڿɽϻҪȻһһʱȿôúˣȻԼȥˡ
ΰ飬Ҷƽ˿صĴȴǸе⣬ֻǴһɳûľʩҸеһΪĹ齨費УŲٵ⣬ȥһɳ𵽶ãĻҪǿĶ齨衣
һ룬ҶƽоǶһµˣڵίһ㻯ֳŸȥҲЩҪٺö飬һɵС
飬Ҷƽ뵽ϽйֳλϵĹάܲܽ
άѾǸĸɲߵιֳĻֻɲӦϰùάټίǲУĻܷϹάְλ
ֻǲ֪άʲô̬ȣ᲻Ը⵽طϾ𽭶ʡǾ̫Զˣ߿϶֪࣬άһʲô̬ȡ
Ҷƽ˰죬ú͹άһ£ԸĻ뷨ҪȻҪίǲιֳʱҪְλһһŸ
ίǣѾýϴΰҪ洦ãŸ仹󣬵ЩѶȣ鲻źãάûġ
һ룬ҶƽͻȻֲһ⣬ԼβԱѩȵйֵһְ
Աѩڵ˹һĴйֳƽǿǵԱѩδʱ䲻Գйֵĸֳ
Ҷƽ룬оҪԱܶ࣬ҪҲܶ࣬Ҫ˹һɲУȻ˵Ա϶˵ķ飬ΪΨףȫԼͲˣҵһ˵ɷǳҪ


1130 
Ҷƽ˼ͬʱûʲôĶΪڻûȫҪһ˽ߡ
ص֮Ҷƽ죬ֵ֮ؽӲ죬⼸ڵ֪Ҷƽڴغ͸ص֮󣬱üΪСģΪҲǵĵϳʲô飬Ȼڴؼʱ⣬ƺûʲôˣʲô˵
Ҷƽ⼸Ӳ֮󣬿һ⼸غ͸شһмλãʹ̫ãҲ̫˵ǱȽ
صȫˣҶƽֻģ⼸֮󣬱Ҳǿ˿ֱί˼ңҶƽʱ뷨Ǻܸӡ
˼ҵĿⲻͣطҶƽ˵ϣ˵ı飬ԲôˣΪҶƽڸ˵Ļ֪ˣ֪ȻǺܲˣΪҶƽ˵ԭڸصʱûиɺá
ԴˣﵱȻǺܲˣڼҶƽϾйҶƽɫ˼Զû쵼ôӴҶƽ
ҶƽûȥЩϸڣҲ˳ɼ̬ȲãҲȥˣֻ˽һǻȥˡ
ȥ֮Ҷƽĥµ飬Ҳ˵Ҫе쵼Ӹ룬ȱһг֯֯һְʡί֯°ٽȺ˹ͨҪʡί֯ɣԴûǶڸгһְһ˽֮󣬾ҪԼѡ
Ҷƽһ£ȫиһ֣û̫ͻĳɼ˵ίǵʱ䳤ҸӡȽ̣ƼθгһְȽ׵Ϊг
ڸгְкüһᣬ֮ǰǿ׼λӣҶƽӲһ⣬ܴ죬ھгϣ
ԱǻڶλӣûҶƽ֧֣ǵŬ϶ͽ͵ģΪҶƽƼȨһбȨʱʡίٿίʱźܴĻȨġ
˸гһְҶƽŰ鳤һְǺһ룬»ףʱ鳤λϣֵȶԱ뷨
ڰѸгѡȷ֮Ҷƽϵʡί֯°ٽһ£°ٽҪԼߵί֯ҪҶƽ֧֣ҶƽĸгѡȻҲ顣
齻֮󣬳°ٽѡύʡίί飬ҶƽϯʡίίᣬѡϱԼоȫͨ
εί֯ԭγ°ٽе飬Ҷƽһ֮ǰʡί֯칫ΰ칫鳤ɲί֯ҲǸˡ
ֽн־ǿҶƽһμʱ򣬱ô˷ǳľҲѹ֣Ϊ쵼ߵ飬ܾ¾ֻСûдСɲ£һỵ¡
Ϊոε֯־ǿȻҪȰݻҶƽί֮󣬱Ҷƽİ칫Ҷƽȼ棬һġ
Ҷƽһ룬ôʱһʱ²Σɼһڼ֮󣬾ҪؽԱҪһʵɣȥ뵽һȽϾ⣬Ǹһ˲ƻ
Ҫչ˲ţֵطû˲ţʹͶٶǮûãǮң˲Ųң˿õľ棬ܵ飬Ҫȫ˲ţ˲ţȡֽ˲ƻɡ
˲ļƻȻҪ֧֣֯֯飬־ǿոɡ
ҶƽŽ־ǿͰ뷨һ飬־ǿҶƽ뷨֮ͷҲһ£ϾҲǲ˽⣬ڱǸ˲ƻôأ
ҶƽһЩʾ־ǿ˲ƻ˲ŶҪͷһȫҪ˲ţƼģ÷ģۺ쵼˲ŵģȵȣ⻹Ҫһ׼٣ѧô⻹Ҫ뷨һɲѡȽ˲ͳͳֻҪ˲ˣݵķչ˵ָտɴ
Ҷƽ־ǿһʾ־ǿһ鿴ܸӰԼҪ⣬һѶȣ˲ҲĳɼһҪҶƽһ¡
־ǿ˵ȷһЩСΪڳ°ٽߣöмɲнԵĹϵǱȽУδҶƽ֮Ĺϵͺ΢Ҷƽǣ飬ڵȻҪҶƽһģѹá
ҶƽĻ־ǿȥԺǿʼչֻһƻȻҪύίίоɳί֮ʽʵʩ
־ǿ֯Ҳ˸гĺѡˣԴˣͦģΪԼʡί߲ûҶƽҲֻǸոʶ컹ҶƽҶƽ֪ص·ãܾöԲסҶƽƵģû뵽Ҷƽ֧θг
θί꣬ʲô඼ˣ˵ԼŻصǿ϶Ǽٵģ֮ǰţֳܵʲôıǺܺˣȻҲǷڼ˭Ҳһֱڼװ
ͻȻ֮ȴǵ˸гһӳԽЩͬа֮ǰÿÿʱһֱֺģΪ˼Ҳƴ֣εĺܸߣûϵҶƽĵӲ飬¾תһˡ
еԼ֮ǰһֱãڷ˱仯ԼҶƽѧϰҶƽĽǶԵģڿ˵лرˣԺҪҶƽĺѹá
θгԺҶƽûнίһְȥŸĿǣҪȴڸίλϣĸгְȨʱҪУǵίǡ
Ҷƽ㱨ʱҶƽıʾȻҪҶƽģѾϸгˣʹίǣʱҲ̫ȵŰɡ
ҶƽȷʵкĿǣطʵֻҪͨչˣǿ԰Ѿ÷չģһһ˹ȥ϶ӣ߸سȻ˵ĹҲǱȽŬϺͼʶϻڲ㣬һβίǣҪһͨõίǹȥ


1131 ˲ƻ
Ҷƽγ˸гίһӿŵΪҶƽ֮ѸٽҶƽһ֯ѧϰҶƽý̸ϵĽڱҶƽγɸгˣ֪ˣǵʱҲֱѧϰ
ίǱЩգȻ˵ҶƽˣߵίǣȨûгԺã˼ұϾʡίίҿ϶ǵõεģʡͷȨܴ˭ǶǺ׵£һʱû£ЩͿˡ
ҶƽȻ֪Щº뷨֪룬ôһˣ֮ҪƼθгǿ϶ֻô򵥵飬ǵ˸ȥһôҲֱΪг
ʵΪʵȻھûн÷ǳȻһҪĿָ꣬ҲΪΨһָ꣬ĻûԸ⵽ȥˣľÿ϶Уֲùһڼطĸɲ
֮Ҷƽӡ²࣬һһǹڶýĽԼΪýߴֶί鴦ǽֳ
Ҫôһӡһ£Ǿǿʼ˲ƻǰĹǱȽƽȣȻҶƽŴظ£ڷߵĸɲϲڵģȽŴ£»һЩ˵ķǲĹס棬ȵʱ֮ٸһЩ
˲ƻһԴʩҲ˵ȥܴ󣬵ôҾûʲô֮ǰץһƶãôʶҪ뷢չû˲ǲеġ
ձϵĴչ̳ϣһڽ˲ŵ⣬ĿıΪƳ˲ƻôҿίʡ
־ǿΪ֯ҶƽҪӰӵƶƻȻύίίۡ
гΪطʵɣһﳣίڹҶƽΪίǵȷǲͬڳˣҶƽʱٿý̸ᣬȥвƵ˵ҶƽһǿҸԵ쵼ɲΪҪôӦҪôŰ취뿪뽫Ҷƽίǵı⼸ǲܵġ
˽ҳ죬Ҷƽݺ󣬺öදָҶƽڸصӲ죬Ҳǵ㵽ǸеЩùˣȻίίҶƽᶯȥ˵һʲôίλѹԽԽ󰡡
ģȴǸоûʲôҶƽĶȻô·ƣϿܹԤģҲ˵ҶƽûԶΪس£Ű취һ£ҲûʲôΪҪҶƽǶطġ
ֻģһЩģڿԲû̫飬Ҳǲ˵ʲôˣͬʱҲҶƽһܹݸıʲô
־ǿڰ˲ƻƶˣƶ֮øҶƽҶƽ￴һᣬ˼óûȥ޸ġ
־ǿɲ˲ī࣬ȻҶƽصĵطȻƼ˲ţԼһЩרҵ˲ţҲҪ˲ȽѣϾݲʲôУҲûʲôҵȥǹߴǴﲻĿĵġ
֪ѶȣҶƽȻίôͨھҪһƣγ˲˲ŵƣֻƶٽ˵˼ת䡣
ҸҪһ㣬ҪͨʽȻıеĸɲ飬Ͻв֣Ȼ뷨ǲö˵ڵģڻЩίǹһʱҲǿ
ȵ־ǿƻƺ֮󣬱ύ˳ί飬־ǿƻί㱨ҶƽԺ󣬱˲ƻһ˵һطҪչûвţеشƫƧҪ˲ţ˲ŶҪҪڿչƻʱ䣬һ˲仧ݣܹﵽĿ꣬Ǹʱһһܴı仯
Ҷƽ˵ʱǿ˿ңָвȽѵҪóһڵʽ˲ƻҪ˲ݵر˲Ÿߵأ顣
Ҷƽһ£ĳίһҶƽ·һ˲һһҪ˲ƻȻʡУֻһ۵еȳУһ˲ݣ
г߷飬Ϊһ˲ŽѶȱȽϴ󣬶һҪóһڵʽǲЩࡣ
߷ҲҪҶƽԣֻоǮЩ࣬ǱҲЭԷֹܲǮĻǵôӲһЩ塣
һ߷Դ飬ҶƽЦ˵г㲻õǮ⣬һ飬ʵ̫ˣ׼ʮ˲ţ־ǿΪ̫ˣұΪһڣһڲˣ˵˲ŵѶжҿ֮ǰȲҪ½ۣȵȥ֮˵
ҶƽЦһͣί֮󣬱û˵ʲôҶƽҪģʱ겻ɳЦҲҶƽ¡
ôһ룬ίһͨ˲ƻҶƽ֮ͨ󣬱㰲Žдȫ˲š
һȫ˺䶯Ϊطûижȫ˵Ҳ˸ýתأĿı˱ע
е˲ƻý֮£ǿƣһʱ֮䵹ݵĸɲǸеȲˣû뵽ôĺ䶯ڶ˲ŵĿǳݵúܶ˸Ȥ
ί֯˲ԵøæµΪڽȫĵ绰Ƕе˲ߵġ
ЩˣҪһһؽлظҶƽҪģȻ˵Щ˴绰һ˲ŵǱöǱʾ飬ǧǵЧ
ҶƽڵƱȽϺãƣһЩ˲ţĵ˲ڶڴУǵ˲ſ˵еģҪ˲ŻõȥǵһЩУȥҵ˾˲ţγһƣ˲㡣
ҶƽһǣŴԱϸǣǵĸУȥٿĻר˲ţһ˼ңƽѩӵطҪٹط־ӵˡ


1132 
Ҷƽгһȥ˲ţ飬һǲſԣҲֵõתһȦҶƽһװ˾ǡ
Ҷƽ鳤֯־ǿǱߵ鳤¾ֳˣȻһϷɻǡ
פԱǻӭҶƽͳԣפԱгȻǺϤפһʮӣ΢ЦԱڻĵطӭӡ
ܹ뵽ӭӣ˵פεĹòϵıȽϺãȻǲܽ뵽ӭӵġ
ҶƽǵһμפμæӭҶƽ֣ȻפΪͳ׼ĳڣžפķʻȥ
פ֮Ҷƽ㿴פģ˽פľǲ̫ԶˣС¥ƫƧλã˵פھǵ̫ãûۺľʵפҲǲС
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һ£ҶƽϵѧУ߲㣬ԸȻѧУǩһ˲ƻеɲ͵ྩѧ죬Ҳ˲ŵһ취
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Ҷƽһ룬ǻؼȥƽԶƽԶȻ˵ûзֹܹǵιྩίǣྩѧȻྩйܣǴྩеĵϣ϶ȥһƽԶУϵһ¡
һ룬Ҷƽøɴؼҵˣ˼֮ƽѩһǸ˵ӵһǣҶƽҲǱǲԼˡƽѩЦûڼңһ硣
ҶƽҲ´ƽѩʲôʱȥݵ£Ҷƽ˴λؾרŽǰݵģƽѩһǸʲôʱߡ
Ҷƽ룬ɣæ֪꣬ԺƽѩʼҪʰһʲôõʱߵôæ
ҶƽڼʰҪȥһƽԶһ£ƽѩͷְֿڼ
úܽҶƽܿƽԶļңýĩҶƽרĩȻȵһϰǿչ¡
ƽԶҶƽ߽ȥһۿƽԶ￴飬Ҳûбˣ˾ͱķ
һ̧ͷҶƽƽԶе⣬֣Ҷƽȥ֮ԡ
ƽԶһ䣺յǣ
ҶƽյҺгһģ뵽ྩѧһЩ˲ţǱ߸һ˲ƻȵ߸ƣһ˲Źȥ
Ҷƽ˲ƻƽԶ֮ǰǵ֪ˣҶƽݴ˵Ȼעһһ˲ƻƽԶͣһץסţӣ֮Էչһԭ˲ѷû˲ţ϶ǷչģҶƽôһ㣬Щˣ˵Ǽݹٳ
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ҶƽⷽҲˣ˲ź͸ɲҵһץ֣ץ֮ǿ϶ҪһЩɹģɹھ÷չϣҷݵ׼չԣһҵݵĹҵչҪʵ־ÿٷչҪʵֹҵҵĿںţݵһЩطɹҼҵⷽ滹ҪҵĴ֧֣ɫĿںţֲ࣬ǽľĿ̫Ӱ˻ҪɫעⱣɫξ㣬ⷽչݣҲҵһ뷨
ҶƽչԣƽԶ˸е˼·Ƚ϶ԣںҲܼ࣬ñ֮һӾͼסˣȻ˵չҵ뱣ɫƺЩìܣֻҪЭӦҲǿԵġ
ƽԶһ룬Ƚ˷ܵصƽںűȽϺãǹҵķչҪҵִͬʱҲҪûͬʱˣҪչҵҲֻĳһ棬㲻㵽ġ
Ҷƽһ˵ҴݽϢҵأ̵֪ͶʽݴڴϱﲼϢҵҲǷϹߵģؼʵ
ƽԶ˵ͷ˵ò˼ҹĳΪʲôҪǸطȥһ⣬˵ùһ׵£ԼҪǺá
Ҷƽͷͬ⣬˵ݵ˲ʵǳȥˣö˶ȥغ򹤣ЩڶһˮƽļˣݽϢҵأԽЩǱϾԸԶ硣֪ĳҪͳɱȻʵֲҵ֣˵Ҳһõ飬ؼ˵ˡ
Ҷƽ뷨ƽԶȻֵ֧ģҶƽϵྩѧУ£ƽԶ֪Ҫ֮󣬱绰ྩѧУ˹ȥ
ྩѧУӵƽԶĵ绰ȻǱȽϹģæƽԶʲôָʾƽԶиҪ̸һ£ûʱ
һƽԶҪԼྩѧУ϶˵ʱ䣬ҪټƽԶһ£ԼɣһЩ
ྩѧУһæʰһ³ţ벻ƽԶҪڼӼ


1133 
ྩѧУƽԶʱҶƽλѧУ֮ƽԶӭӣྩѧУæǰסƽԶ֡
ƽԶӭ֮󣬱ҶƽȻҵŮ֮Ļ˵ݵίǣŵѧУƸ˲ţṩһ·㡣
ྩѧУĿ⿴Ҷƽ²ҶƽƽԶ֮ĹϵΪѧУԾǵһЩҲ˽ģҶƽƺԵúܵ͵ͷôһ£ҶƽƽԶ֮Ĺϵ
ྩѧУ΢ЦҶƽ֣ȻҶƽ뷨ҶƽͰѵྩѧ˲ŵ뷨˵һ飬ȻæƼһ˲š
ྩѧУæ˵úúãȴǸط˭ԸȥڵĴѧϲڴУȥĵطȥûжԸȥġ
ȻҶƽǰǱʾһṩ㣬ྩѧ˲ŸȥҶƽһһЩϸڣҪһᣬ˲ŵߣȻѧУǩһ˲ƻ
ྩѧУһ̱ʾͬ⣬ϸ£ʹ죬ҶƽҲ˵ʲôˣƽԶҲû˵ʲôһҶƽ̸
̸֮ྩѧУǸǣƽԶҲûȥˣԺƽԶֺҶƽ̸һᣬҶƽȥ
˵ڶ죬ҶƽͳһȥྩѧྩѧУѾźˣԵ֮󣬱һֹѧĸУǰǢ˼⸱Уǳ飬ҲǸеӡ
ྩѧУȥ󣬱ǴҶƽƽԶ֮Ĺϵ㷢֣ҶƽȻƽԶŮ
һ֪ྩѧУϰŷֹѧĸУҲҪдҶƽһУ鲻ͬҶƽˡ
ֹѧĸУҶƽ̸һ̸ȻǸѧУһýҾзᣬ·ý嶼ˣȻ֪ͨһЩѧμᡣ
׼һ磬ʱһЩѧ˵ʡǱ߹ҪˣһЩѧȤرǹʡѧ˵ˣȻҪһˡ
ɸУ֣Խе˲ߣҶƽ̨´ǣӭྩѧҵѧǰдҵչ
Ȼ˴˲ֻѧҲྩѧһЩʦԱֻҪԸ⵽ȥǳӭ
ˣڷϣһЩѧҲһЩʦһҶ˽һеߵô˲ŵġ
У˻֮󣬱Ҷƽ̨´ǣڸּߵþ£Ҷƽ̨Ȼվϯ̨λãҽߵ
ԱţһҶƽݽͬʱҲڿҶƽˣΪУҽˣ˵ҶƽǹʡίίίǣʮֵᣬԴҶǷǳȤؿҶƽ
ҶƽЦŽԼྩѧԨԴ˵ԼྩѧְоľྩѧʦĹϵȷҶƽְоྩѧģְоֻΪƾؿչѧϰõġ
˵ྩѧо֮бǶҶƽиУҸҪǣҶƽǳ쵼Ʒ緶ֲʧƽ׽ˡ
аСʱҶƽ֮󣬳Ա̨˲ߣྩѧоֻҪйһʰҷѣŹʿԶΪƣ˶ʿоֱӶΪƣһ쵼ְλҲ˵ֻҪԸȥܵ쵼
һ˲ٵѧȤΪıϾһٱλĹңȻǺܶ˵ѡҵԺǱ߱ܵ쵼ĺҰ
ڿ˲ţŷḻҷѣһԷסܽϸ߾ô
ķḻȷʵһЩѧĶˣྩѧʦʦҲҪй뷨ΪǸоҪ뻹Ҫ뿪ѧУҪ뿪ѧУһõȥУ粻ȥ
ȻƫԶֻҪȥˣ԰ŶӦļȰѼˣԺǨ׶
ڳԽ˲ԺһЩʦŽʣҲʵĻڣһЩѧǴŵվҶƽͳ⡣
еѧǱ߹⣬Ҷƽ˵˵һ£ݵĹȷʵǳ࣬뾩ǵûа취ȣҲȲЩУҲҪԭǳĺã÷ǳķôҲûбҪרų˲ˣ룬ԽǼĵطԽĥ˲ţ˲һϷչĸ֮󣬿ѧãǵĲŸɣҸղҲˣṩһЩźǱҪټ๤˼׼Ҫܹʵɵ˲ţڼֹ˲ţλͬѧǣֿǣ˼УУݵĸɲȺͬˣһ֤ɳ
⣬ҶƽһͣһЩʲô඼ܳԵˣĻ粻˵ãЩȥ֮ǲӦǱߵ;ϡ
Ҷƽһ˵еѧͿʼùģȥǱߣǳ࣬ǾͲھˣûбҪȥôԶĵطɳͬʱʱҲ̭ˣڹؼԵʷʱ̣һ˵뷨һʱȥƴܶԵԼҶƽ֮ⷬȻкܶѧԸⱨȥݡ
ҶôִԸȥݣҶƽеԼԤϣѧУҲˣΪҪԱһµģڲöԱˣֳġ
ʻڽԺֳܹһٶѧԸȥݹҶƽ¾ֳЩѧǩһЭ飬ʱЩѧԸȥݹǩһʽЭ飬Ȼṩһźǿ϶Ҫڵġ
һ磬еķǳãöýֳҶƽͳԽ˲ɷãھͷǰҲ٩٩̸ش˼ߵʡ
ԺҶƽ븱Уһ๤ԱһԷڳԷʱ򣬸У˹һĲʿҵһѧУίһʦԸ⵽йͨУĽܽС
ЩԱֻǩЭ飬벻Ҷƽ߲ֻиУƼܽҶƽߣȶǱһܺõķչ
ʵУѧһҵУУίѾƼĸɲˣʿҵҪٱҵѧѧģŵ洳һ·ߣܻȽ˲ķȥݵĻֻҪֵĺãչпܺܿ죬ԸͨУƼȥݷչʵǵһǻ


1134 
ԱһΤ߲һǿԷʱ򣬸УҶƽƼһУƼˣҶƽȻܲӣ˼ҶƽǺܹӣҶƽ֮ҲǾ˲
Ĺ̵УྩѧУͬҶƽԷΪ࣬޷ȫͬҶƽԷԳԵһʱŹһУˣҶƽæӭӣҪлӴ
ʷྩѧУΤ߲ǿ˿󣬾ýٷԵֵĸɲһ˷оҫġ
˵ڶ죬Ҷƽͳֹٰͬһ˲ƻᣬԴ븱Уǩ˲ƻӼտʼ͸иҵĹǸ˲ŵྩѧٽ֧صķá
˲ƻǩԺҶƽͳԲû̻ȥھǰݻ˼ίĿľΪеһչһЩĿΪегȻеĵطʵɣҶƽȣھǵǲԶˣֻⷽܿҶƽ˼ҽнӴֻںţһЩĹ
ҶƽܣʵҲһչʾԼʵĻᣬóףֻиĺݷչͬʱҲԼչ
ԸҶƽĺĿҶƽһЩǽţ֪Ҷƽܴӽʡʡ쵼ҲûԭģҶƽԴչݡ
ھǴһڣҶƽų꼸ί֮󣬳̸ȻóȻȥҪٻȥһǴӦˣԱί鳤ܶȥˡ
Ҷƽֻ֮ƿæźһݣڻ֮ǰȷһ˽ʡҪҷ͹ά˼һ
ƽѩ֪ҪһȥݣǳˣֻҶ᯲ôԸ⣬ͬúӸȥݣĻѧϰ᲻ôĺãƽѩ˼֣˵ȥԣٴҶûа취ֻƽѩź뿪ˡ
ҶƽȷɵϽУϽԺ󣬸˴һ绰ǵѾӵ˵绰ҺͷһϽάϽ
Ҷƽ齵ıݣҶƽͬʱҲƽѩͺӡƿҶƽߣҶƽרŷɵһ֪ʲô˼ҶƽľɲҶƽǲʲôжֻ룬û˵
˰Ҷƽ빫ά̸̸Һͷ˺̸ֻҪԼкһǻȥģǹάһάǸĸɲˣҪȥݣǾЩΪѣҪһʲô̬ȣļĹֳҪͬ⡣
άͻȻҶƽҲɻ󣬲Ҷƽ֮󣬱Ǹ˵ĺܣΪнȫҶƽİûҶƽҲڴɲˡ
ά֮ҶƽڵĹάͰԼϽĹ㱨һ顣꣬ҶƽάĹͦãһ뷨ȥݹԸⲻԸ⣿
һҶƽ˵άһû˼׼Ҷƽˣ϶˵Ը⣬˵ҶǣǱߵĹǲǺܸӣҪңҾȥ
ҶƽҲ˵ӣǹȱٵ֣ȥǱ߽ίǼ湫ֳǱߵΰһܣǿϽȫûпɱԣȥǱߣЩЩίˡ
һҶƽ˵ά˵ҶǣʲôôίˣûҶ㣬ҲСطԶҲˣԸߵزû֧֣˸ˣȥҾȥ
άȻû˼׼ҶƽǰӦҶƽҪҶƽԺ˵ȥɩһ£ɩӲԸȥǾ˰ɡ
άҶƽǵԸȥ˵ҶǣúֻҪȥھ͹ȥ
Ҷƽ˿оάȽϣڵάϣһԥ״̬Ⱥ˵һ˵Ҫʱ硣
άʾֻҪҪʱܹȥҶƽ˵ͷȻ󽫷ͰҽйάȳȥšڷͰˣҶƽȻ˵Ķ࣬һ飬һͬѧ˵ļҲͣȥȥ⡣
ȻҶƽһ˵Ҫݵ£̱ʾʱȥ˽ܸоڣ˵ҲʵûҶƽǣ϶˳ˣһƽʽίǣȻҶƽǡ
˵ҪȥݵĹĻ˱ǴӦ˴ӦҶƽҲûٶ˵ʲôϣҶƽϵ˽ʡί֯·󣬺̸һ̸˵¡
һطһطҪõԭλͬ⣬ڵú·һкṩһ·㡣
˵ҶƽͻȻɵϽ·е֣Ҷƽ齵ıݣ֮󣬱ԵúУҶƽҲǸʡĸɲˣƽƽˡ
·֮ҶƽǺ̸е˲ƻ׼ȫ˲ţȻҲҪʡŴӽһЩ˲ţͬⲻͬ⡣
·Աߵİҵˣ²Ҷƽ⣬ݸ˲ƻʱ֪Ȼý˱ûйעһ飬һ£Ц˵˲һ飬ҶҪʲô˲žܺ˵Ҿ֧֡
ҶƽЦŵл·ˣ㿴͸λͬ־ǲ˲ţǿ𣿡
·ʶҶƽ⣬ԭ˵ȥ϶Ҷƽ˵û⣬ֻҪҶҪ˲ž
ҶƽǺһЦ˲űۻң
·һǺǴЦάҶƽûᵽǾҶƽƺб仯ĿⲻϿҶƽ
ҶƽЦ·˵·˲Ų֪Ųţ
·һ˵˲ţֻҪȨ޷ΧڵһţҪұ˶ԣ
˵·ЦҶƽæЦ˵·ǹҵ˲ţҿò𰡣ģάпܵĻҲȥȻǱ߻ҪЭ߾·ˡ
·֪ҶƽάάϽйֳ˲ţάˣҪϸһѡء
Ҷƽ·˵Լ֮󣬹άŷȻеĺܲģ˵Ҷƽͬ⣬ԸȥԸ⿴顣


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Ҷƽ·˼Ժ󣬱뿪ϽУȥ֮ҪһЩ׼ܽά˸ȥ
ƽѩǻصУ֮ƽѩס൱ǹۡһСЩСרί쵼סġ
ҶƽȻסһԱȽϴıƽѩȥ֮󣬿˿оߵ̻ȽϲȾҪúܶ࣬һ߽͸оһȻɡ
ƽﲻ£һסĺõطƽѩĴһҶƽ˵
ҶƽЦЦĵطȽϺãһۣţǼҪչҲҪһõĻҲһҸָҪǾߺãһֱססһʱŻؾǡ
ƽѩЦôŻȥİɣһֺһģʲôʱߣʲôʱߡ
Ҷƽ룬׼ȥʡ˾й˾
ƽѩȻҪһݹ֮ǰȥе˾ģҶƽǲǴʡ˾ҲС
ȥʡ˾ƽѩʵ
Ҷƽ㵽е˾е˾Ŀ϶ῴҵӣչ㣬Ҿãȥʡ˾ɣȥʡ˾Ҳܼ򵥡
ƽѩЦЦ§סҶƽĲӣ˵ðģ﹤һһϹһʲô
ʱҶԱˣҶƽЦЦأҪֵôǺòã
ƽѩЦŷҶƽ˵ʲôôС
ҶƽЦСӴС׼ģ£ǻǲҪΪá
ƽѩǺһЦˣĵǶġ
˵˵ЦЦҶƽŰѶ͵ݵѧУѧϰڶѾ꼶ˣһѧУѧҶƽ˵Ȼʲô£ҺܶɲŮ͵ʲôѧУ߹ѧˣѺתѧϰ˵һ˺ܲˡ
ͽƿƿһӵҶƽԸ̸нֳϵҶǵĺҪСѧθһ¡
һίǵСҪѧУнֳæһԵ񣬱ðˣһ룬̸˹ƿ棬ҪҶƽӽҶƽøС
ҵƿʱ򣬱ûмҶƽֻƽѩƿˣҶƽѾȥ칫ȥˣܼҶƽķҲǲˡ
нֳæʺӵЦźƽѩ˵˻ƽѩȻĺӵѧϰõѧУнֳǸõСѧȻʡֱСѧѧУнֹܣǹʡܣѲȥЭˡ
ƽѩæʾлнֳ˵ˣΪ쵼ҡƽѩ˵껰нֳЦŸˣȻ֮ƿ˼䡣
ƿձ統ʱɷùнֳʱнֳǰһ߸ϵӣƿһݵСѧҵæ
ԭΪԼɷùеϵܸһ£˭֪нֳӵĵ绰֮󣬱˵ڲУͼ첿Źܵϣüͼ첿֪ˣǾ鷳ˣ½⡣
һ˵ƿ֪Ըæˣ˵ôϸ񣬵Ҳû̫Ǻȴ֪ö˶ͨϵõѧУ˵˲ٵǮȻҲвǮģǾ쵼ݼҵĺӣֻҪнֳһкˡ
֪ԺƿȻҪнֳǿ²˵ӣҲ˵˼ûʲôãֵһᣬȻձļߣԼһָ֦㽭ɽ֣ûʲôȨǰ״
ڵҶƽ֮ҶƽѺѧ¸һµʱһͨнֳĵ绰нֳǱеĺܣһһĽţҲûΪ쵼ɲ߸ϵ̬ˡ
ĿҶƽãƿȻܶнֳʹʲôɫһ֮ǰĳнֳڼԵø⹧
أûпգһһнֳضƿ˵
нֳпƿ鵭صҪҶǳϯһλɣ
нֳæЦ˵ع̫æذæתҶǣѧһźãԼء
нֳԼǰͽģƿоԼڳһԼҲûæ϶Ƕ˵͸Լˡ
ƿ˵˰ĻнֳȥȥƿоԼüˣȻ˵ûʲôȨֻҶƽ飬һнֳˣнֳȴǲԸһҪֺΪҶƽߣٻӰ쵽Ҷƽڹٳϻˣ֪һҪ쵼˿;Ȼִ鷳ˣϾڵ˲ôֵ࣬ʵҪ쵼Ŀвˣôȥ㡣
ССĲǹٳ֮ƿҲ֪Щ˵
ڶ죬нֳͰҶƽѧ¸źˣٶȾûκģƽѩŶȥѧУнֳͬǰ֮רʦУҶƽӵ˵һ£飬Ƕչһ¡
ʡֱСѧ涼һЩ쵼ɲŮһǺʡ쵼ŮѧľûˣΪܶʡ쵼䶼ܴǵӣȻǺ٣ʡֱصһЩɲӵܣǵļҶƽ˵ǾͲˡ
һ˵һλʡίίĶӾȻҪѧУʦǲҵȻҶƽֹǣΪʡίίּ쵼Ǿǵﲻġ
нֳһ֮źƽѩһȥƽѩʾлнֳæϻ̳Ͽ״
ѧǰźˣҶƽΪרŹһķýͺѧķũģҶƽũʵʵڿɿԱǹΪӵıķ
˵ķҲˣƽѩȥгϹͱķһҹ˾ʱķ¥ȻԱ߱ͷǿޡƽѩһЩ֣߹ȥһʣ֪ô¡
ķ˿ƽѩһˣԼũҹ齲һ飬ڳٳûҵʹ
ӣƽѩһ룬ȥ˾ͱķ䲻СѾͷȥǼҵķҲģרŸҶƽһ绰Ҷƽһ˵һũСѾͷҲƽѩˣһʲôأ͵ķأ͸ҸҲǰɡ


1136 ż
ķǳڿ죬Ҷƽƽѩ˶⣬ʱȥͺӡ
ƽѩȥʡ繫˾ҶƽӾǻ֮󣬱ֽһɲ͵ྩѧȥѧϰһȥʣһͨʽƽݹٳһ鼤ʯ
ҶƽһĸְɲѡһЩ˳ȥྩѧѵְһ˼ΪĻͻְѹΪǻ֯ѡȥѵܿΪ˽ǵλӣһѹԼı޲ù
Ҷƽѽ־ǿй飬Ѿྩѧǩ˲ļƻԽ־ǿԴûκ飬㰴ҶƽҪ
֯óһѡһЩѡЩѡƽ֯ĹעĸɲǸŵмͬʱҲһЩְרȥѧϰҪس͸֮ԱҪ쵼ڡ
һЩǸȥμѧϰһӾͻγһָɲչĶ̬ԭһƬôһôҸܵһ
ȻЩְȥμѧϰˣְûʲô¿ɸˣҶƽרһЩרǰҽΣҪûȥྩѧѧϰĸɲǵģŵҪ쵼
ҶƽھҪһַһѧϰļϽķıйɲľòǰѧϰ˹ɲеĻǣƺûʲô顣
ҶƽżЩţǸһЦûȥЩ飬ھҪԼҪ뷨ȥ£ȥ˵ɫȥ¡
Աȥѧϰ½һЩྩѧѧǰǩͬΪ˲š
Τ߲ǿҲǸУƼ˲ţȻҪ߿һۣҶƽ̽Ӽǡ
ǿѧУʱƼɲһǲʿҶƽһ£׼й滮ֵθֳΪɲ
ֱӳΪɲһ˿ټҶƽȻҪ˲ţǾҪ˲ţĻ粻ǿ˲ţڹ滮ַԼרҵȻҪθֳ
Τ߲ոձҵҶƽ˳ú⽫ί칫ۺϴȽĥΪԼ׫дһЩ£൱Լ顣
Τ߲Լһһòǿŵĺãǿֱӵ쵼ɲˣȴֻддЩ˷ĲŻˡ
ʱһŷ֣λȴôҪྩѧĸֳ߲䵱Ҷƽ飬ɻܶ˵ļʣǵļʵԼҪԣҶƽ鰡ȻƿһΪҶƽľ׽һޱȵá
˲ſʼݵĸɲ˲ſʼһֿٵ֮Уɻ𱾵ظɲĲ˱ǿʼЩĸɲΪУżǣǿվֶҶƽ˲ŵļƻƲҲᵼҶƽ̬뷨ա
֮ǰҶƽ˽ͻȻ֮һԱҪְȥǩЭ飬֯û׼ұҶƽ
ҶƽͻȻ֪֮󣬱ǸеƣôҪְ̽ӽ֪˵˵λ֮кܶ˹Ϊѣż޷չһҶƽеŭĸɲˮڹˮ
ҶƽԺ̸Ĵ󵨵Ĺʲô⣬ֱӹҽԭĵλһµĵλȥ
Ҷƽ˼빤ڲְȥҶƽ֮ԲְȥҪ𲻺õӰ죬˸ոǴְȥȻƻ˲ƣҲᵼѾ˲˼벻ȣ⣬˲ƻزˡ
˹ⰵңƻĴ룬ҶƽܲջһЩҪĸɲᵽҪ˲˲ŵ⣬رǶ˲һҪ氮ǵسǿǹԣ֯Ҫʱ˽˲ŵ˼붯̬ԲΪǵĹ˲ʧ
ҶƽǿȻһЩɲԸкǿŵй滮ֵθֳ֮׼һȥųй滮ĹҪչȹ滮һҪУҶƽ˽ʱѾˡ
ǿǰҶƽҪȥ飬ˣ˹滮֮Ȼ쵼ӳԱǹ滮ֳӱȽСϲѹԸ˵ĲܸԼǿΪྩѧĸ߲Ȼڣٿֵʱ򣬽һЩҪⲻɸеʼɡ
滮ֵ˲࣬ǿĵһ·磬˿ʼǿȥһЩ滮飬ɸевǿҲô
ȻҶƽǿҪ˲ţ˲ţɴʱѰҶƽҪԺˡ
δѹǿǿȻŲܣϾûЩǿ˶һЩˣûʲôֻҪ潫ǿ˸ǿǳΪ¼ҹˡ
˵ɾ͸ɣǼ̸̸껰֮Ǽ˱ǲǿһˡ
ǿеЩ֣֪£˱⼸һΪʲôԼҪȥˡ
⼸˴Ķ˵ֻһʵڣǸǿɸ֪ˣǽ˵˾һλȥˡ
ǿʱôһˣҲ̫ˣרŶԸһְھͷ϶ɲɣֻиҶƽС
ǿΪŸУƼݣΤ߲ҶƽߣȥҶƽҶƽ㱨
ŬҶƽǿѹ滮ֵһҶƽһȻǿ˲ҪΪĸɲҪ˲ŷӲܵĿռ䣬ڹ滮ôӣ
Ҷƽ̷ǳŭû̷һ룬˼һôֻһ¹滮ֳȻãǿڹ滮ֵĴѰ죬Ա뷨׽⣬һܺõľʾá
滮ҶƽǳӵĹҪѳнãҪһ滮ȥ裬Ļֻᵼ³нԽԽҡ
ˣҶƽҪӲһ³еĽ͹滮ͳһ°ţȻ滹һ⣬Ǿǽ滮ֳ⣬ҪһõԱι滮ֳ
Ҷƽ֮󣬱ǿȻȥҪʲôԼĹŵģĻǿ뿪ˡ


1137 
ҶƽԼһӲн裬ггнΣҶƽǱߵĵ绰Լһнֺй滮һȥ
нֺй滮ֽӵ֪ͨ󶼷ǳӣǸ滮ֳɽӵ֪ͨȻǾ׼ϣ쵼ǰ¶Ȼõõ쵼ϲá
нֳɵһ쵼Ӳ죬ȻҪþĵ׼ȻӦ쵼Ӳ찡һͷһֹͬӲ졣
Ҷƽ֮ҪѳԼǵȻҲģһҪʾԳн͹滮ӣһҪֱԱԳн͹滮
Ҷƽ֮ȻǶݵĳнһ˽⣬֪ݵĳнͺʡеķչλƣҪģн裬ݵĳƷλ
Ҷƽ׼ʱн֣Աǰһӣʾһ֮΢ΪгܲίԼԼֲ̫磬Եûݣһжôľļ㡣
ʻ뵽нִԺӭӣԸոյֻңȻûгӭӣ֮Ҷƽһ¥ȥ
ҶƽֻңԸո£Ҷƽ󣬱Ҷƽһ֣Ҷƽһгˡ
ԹЦŵչһӣƨɻûü¡
Ҷƽ΢Цһ£žǳΪԼ׼ǸλȥûȵԼ£֪ͨһλľ쵼ӳԱˣһֱԱߵȣڿҶƽͳԶˣǱ㼱æ
Ҷƽ󣬱˵ˣ°ɡ
Щְһ룬ЦݣҶƽͳˣһС˽Ȼһλ
ҶƽмһλӣҶƽԣȻҶƽԱߣҶƽ鳤ֱߣü¼
˿ǣҶƽڽ¾ֳǵĹ㱨һ¡
̽Ѿ׼õĽʲôʩǸ˶ٹһһгȥɼһѣƺĺܺá
ȵˣϻ΢ЦоĺܺãһЦݵؿҶƽͳԡ
ˣҶƽʡ˵ˡ
˵ˣҶƽһ֧ǦԼıдһ£ʼһ壬ɽϻ¾ֳ㽲ķǳãȥ˺ܶĹҲ࣬ǽĺãһĺãһǿԿеĳнʡȴźܴĲ࣬ˮƽϴڲ࣬ûбҪȥ̫ĶֻҪڳתȦ֪ǵĳнʲôˡ
ӵһ棬ӵ¾Ͱˣĳôôصӵ£˵ǵĳнǻ۲㣬̫࣬ȱٹ滮³н̫󣬺öණ˷ѵˡΣǿǵĳнȱһԶ˼̫ޣܰԼСұ񣬴û뵽ȥҹ㣬нĵԲ㣬ʶ㡣
ǽҪʶһ㣬ҪùȥĶҫڿʼóһЩûѧϰѧϰ˲ŵ˲ţڽ滮˲ǷǳҪģҲҪ߳ȥѰרй滮衣
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ԸеЩסϣ쵼ＸģҶƽȴȻĲǺֱӣ϶Ǻ࣬ǿԿҶƽԽֵĹ⡣
Ҷƽ꣬תͷԵг˵˵ɡ
Ҷƽ棬ȻҶƽһ˵ҶǽĺҪȻǵĳнȡһĳɼУǴӲϻԲ㣬ҶǸָ˳ҿһǾҪӴȣƽǵĳн裬ٿ飬о飬񣬰ǵĳнȥ
Լ򵥵ؽ˼䣬ǰỹǿ϶˽ֵĹ˳Ҷƽ˼һЩҪӴȵ飬ЩеҶƽģûнֻҪӴŬѹá
˳ԵĻ֮Ҷƽû˵ʲôվȥ滮ֿǽһҪ߶ӳн蹤ѧԣóһʵķӿǵĳн衣
ⷬҪ󣬺æӦţ˶ҲҶƽתǳȥԽں棬ҾĿҶƽͳ뿪
뿪ǽֺ󣬱һ˹滮֣滮뽨ֲԶʱ׼ʲôȫɨˣҶƽͳԽȥʱɴȫӳԱ¥ӭӣһʮֹӡ
ɵū࣬Ҷƽо治˴ָλϣ滮Ǹй滮һҪר͵˲ţɣ鿴ļûзⷽȴ˹滮ֳǾЩ˲ˡ
Ҷƽͳһ˳վһ³˹Ϲˣ¾ͻȽϲҿ̣ɴžˡ
Ҷƽһ֣ǳ¥ȥǿҲڰӳԱվţҶƽûǰҶƽʱûк
¥֮Ҷƽͳһ£ɵ˱һ˶棬ǿʼ㱨Ҳó׼õĽ
Ҷƽޱţȵ֮ҶƽûȵĹ㱨䲻һֳǵλһ˲ţ˲Ź棬ô
ͻȻôһʣûϵѿڶ˲Źòǿίģܸɣǳ
Ҷƽ棬Ȼ˵ǿֻǽҶƽģ˵Ҳ˲Źģһº󣬿»ӡ
Ҷƽһۣ˵˵ķӳһ˲ţҪṩǷӲ֮ܵǰڻϽˣҪΪ˲Ŵһõⷽô
һҶƽ˵˷ӳ⣬Խˣתͷǿһۣǲǿ淴ӳʲôˣֳϣܳ£򲻵ܵһӳԱľ࣬æҶǣǵλ˲ǿֳߴһ˿չķǳṩ˸ַžֳչΪĻǲġ
Լǰܳסǿӳ£ҶƽﲻЩŭ֪͸Ļãڲ֪ϡ
Ҷƽɫһ£˵Ȳ˵ˣûи˲ṩһĹԼ˵˵ǵĹ滮Ļ㱨˸оǷǳõģƯԴڸǲʵ࣬ǳнʵʲôأǾǼûʲô滮滮ѧǵĹĲλźܴ⣡


1138 ָɣ
ҶƽͻȻֱɣԹ滮ֵĹɵĻ㱨ͻȻһʱ֮ɫţɫ԰ףҲûԤϵҶƽͻȻȻҶƽڽҲûȽԴŲһı֡
Ҷƽ䣬ûͣڣǽ˵й滮ĹǳҪһҪ߶ӹ滮ǰй滮ĹǲģûλģȻǵĻ㱨ҲǺܺãǻ㱨ǻ㱨ٶ࣬ûʵûã滮ΪʲôλΪʲôûгɼԭȱٹ滮˲ţڻ㱨У˵˺ܶ࣬ûᵽԹ滮˲⣬滮ǱȽרҵģûרҵ˲ţ˵ٶ඼ûãίСţǿͬ־ι滮ֵĸֳǲǾСᣬûʲôֳǲ쵼һף׿ԣöҵ񣬲ҵ񣬵쵼Ǻò״ྩѧ˲ţǲַܳǵڣίôǮʲô𣿡
ҶƽֱӰ˵ǿ飬ղ˵ʱɻû뵽ⷽ£ΪҶƽֻǶ㱨û뵽ԭԭżǿҶƽ֪ˡ
һʱεҶƽž쵼ӵºĻЩӳԱҶƽ֪֮£϶ǿӳģǿ벻ΪҶƽС棬ǵ͹Ҷƽ˲ϵľġ
ԵȻҲ˶ߣ֪Ҷƽ֮ԻɣΪ˲ûùҶƽϷǳӣҪǶŸɣ϶Ҷƽ
ţҶƽתͷʲôҪ˵һʱûзӦæ˵ûʲô˵ˣй滮ҪҪá
൱ڸһοҶƽ֮󣬿˳һۣûжɫԾǼ򵥽䲻˵ˡ
ȵԽ꣬ΪߵģҶƽͻȻǿСţһʱˣ뷨һ¡
ǿû뵽Ҷƽʱ˵ʵڵģǿξ϶ǲģҶƽɵǷӦģҲ֪һЩ飬ԼҶƽɵ⣬϶޻˵Ҷƽ̸Լ뷨ǻгġ
ǿһ룬ǻشҶƽĽͰԼ֮󣬴ϤĿǰĹ滮ԼԵǰеĹ滮ʶҪһõĹ滮רǰֻ֤һЩԵĹ
ǿĻҶƽ΢΢ͷʾ϶ҶƽǿĿ϶ȻԱע⣬оձ޷ȥֻӲͷƤȥ
ǿĻ֮Ҷƽֹ䣬߹ѳй滮á
ڽЩ֮Ҷƽźͳ뿪˹滮֣ȻͳһȥݱĽԭ滮ģǽչѩµĲŲҪΰŲ
ԵǼµĹҶƽ½пѧĹ滮ȻȽ֮͸ðˣһһ¡
ڳԿҶƽڳй滮ϵ̬ȣʱٴֳȻ뷨Ͼ˱仯ûбҪΪѩΪ򵥣ȻҶƽôӹ滮Ҫ½й滮ǹ滮ˡ
һ˱ϴһӲ걱Ľ裬˲ŸԻȥ
Ҷƽͳ֮һʱǳţ֪ҶƽһζԴȻ²¿ǿ״ģҲ޷ǿôҲܰǿйһ١
ʱһ룬Ǹһ绰Ǳʲô滮ͽ趼Ϊһģ滮ˣδ⡣
һӵ绰˵ֵĹûãҶǸˡһҲˣɵʱͬ
뵽ɾͰѹ滮ܵҲ˵ˣһоЩ򵥱˵֣쵼λĹⰡ㿴Ǹô죿
Ҳ֪ôأΪ˸Լǿģ˵¾֣н滮¶£λʲôΪҲ²ǲǹǸ˿ġ
˭ģһ˵漴һ׹˵ܰɣ
ЦôûпܣҪ
ǵ˵ͷо˵ҲһЩµ绰֮㿪ʼҶƽӲ죬ֻǶĹǿȥûжʲôĻǰѹˡ쵼Ĺʲô쵼ʲôڹƻ쵼㹤пĵزǶʲô
һ룬оûʲôĵģᵽǸȴЩģΪɸղŵ˼ҶƽҪԿģҲǽȻԵġ
Ҷƽ֮ĹϵǲôǾͻ˽нƷ˵ʵڵģҶƽûʲôԨԴһЩԨԴΪŵԼΪ˽Ķ󣬲Сľͻ
ԭûʲôĵģͻȻоЩˡɸ绰󣬷Ǹо࣬رʶҶƽпǸɫʱĻҶƽԵĶͲǳԡ
оԭĵĺ࣬ɵ֮ýȻͬˣ⵹˸еЦ
ҶƽӲ꽨ֺ͹滮֣ĿѾﵽˣóڳн滮ϵ̬ȣԼԺɵ̬ȣĻһȡʩԱ㲻ԣͻȻԽֺ͹滮λȡĻԺܻܿе죬ԡ
ҲһϵĲԣϾΪίǣҲΪΪеʱҲҪıԲܰԼ뷨ʵ֣ǵطʵɣȻֻгǸ㣬СӦԣԼĹͲð죬Ϊ˹ȲչҪԴһĬ
ʱĳҲǸоҶƽǱȽصģûв˼ȥһЩ飬ȻҶƽһЩЩ·ǻûʲôʵϵݣֻҪʵԵݣȻҪϣάȫеŽᡣ
Ҷƽֺ͹滮Ӳ칤һЩԵۣȻ˵Ще죬ΪҲҶƽָɣֲȷҶƽ͹滮Ĳ⣬žǶĹ⣬һʱȷҶƽ


1139 λ
ҶƽӲн蹤֮ٿίȡ֯Ź˲һ棬ڻǿ˲ҪԣίǸеҶƽ˲ŵӡ
˵˲֮Ҷƽרᵽ˳н滮˲ŵ⣬ָн滮Ҫ˲ƣ˲һҪҪڳнҪǿ˲Ŷ齨衣
ҶƽĻԵĥ˼²ҶƽǲҪԽֺ͹滮Ҫȡʲô
ɢ˻֮Ҷƽѽ־ǿҶƽʮ˲Ž蹤ɼ֯ŵķ־ǿոյһȨ֯Ȼһɼ˶ҶƽЩƴˡ
ѽ־ǿйҶƽһ𣬱̸̸ֺ͹滮쵼ӵĽ⡣־ǿһһҶƽʲôΪ漰µϸˡ
Ҷƽһ룬ǸɵְҪֵ쵼Ҫǿ֯칤ӵԱ䱸á
Ҷƽһ˵⻰Ŀ⿴־ǿ־ǿһĥһҶƽ⡣ҶƽҪǿֵ쵼ӽ裬Ǿôǿô裿
Ҷƽ˵ȴǲ˵ˣֻǶﲻɫȻ̬̽ȡ־ǿҶƽ⣬Ҷƽ¶ڳίϽˣȻԼ⣬ȴǲ˵϶ҪȿԼ̬ȡ
һ£־ǿ̧ͷҶƽҶǣ滮־ֳĻ֪Ҫ˭ȥξֳֵİôǿǷҪһ
־ǿһڣҶƽǷǷ˵ְ񲻱ؽеɲʺϴڹ滮ֳλϣҪҿһ£滮ְֳҪҿǺ˸㣬ֵİҪǿԺúõؿһ£⣬ҿмίҲҪǿصϣȽǿ㿴ǲҪϣмίθǣ
ҶƽʱûнҪԱ߽־ǿȴҪϣ˽־ǿмίȻ⣬ΪƿصмίһҲ첻˶ٸӣȻߣˣбҪǿһмίӶüίѽе
ҶƽĻ־ǿһ£ûбʾͬ⣬ҶƽϣҪǷԣǾֱҶƽˣոΣϣҶƽ֧ĹһɼһҶƽǾǲˡ
־ǿûзԣҶƽȻȥԱ׼֮ٹ㱨־ǿ֮Ҷƽ˼һ£Ͱ˴һ绰ݣȵ֮ˡ
ͰһӵҶƽĵ绰֯˻㱨֮ǰѾ·󽲹£һ֯Ż㱨֯űͬǴȥְҪ뿪ǰݡ
ͰѸУҶƽܽӴֹܳй滮һί鳤иѧϰ
Ҷƽ˽ͰǴӽ˲ţۺԵ쵼˲ţʱŸ鳤ѧϰ˽
ܶҶƽһȻûʲô飬˵ͰǴӽģ˵ݣȻҶƽĹϵӦʮУΪǽĸɲ
̽ðţҰί鳤йн滮齻Ͱˡί鳤нȻҲʮӣ뷽˼档
ڽͰҵһ֮Ҷƽάн˹ԷͰ˵ְţй滮ֳҳнֳָ뽪־ǿãʵȥ
άίǣЭģҶƽ˴û԰Ž־ǿά뽪־ǿͼʵȥ
άȻҪҶƽҪѹãҶƽԺѽ־ǿй⡣
־ǿ֮ǰѾ֪ҶƽӽǱߵ˷Ͱҹ飬ֻǲ֪ҶƽҪΰǣάһ˵£֪Ҷƽš
ҶƽʮֽûֱӰôȽͰҸȻֹһڲάг氲£Ȼչ˳һЩ
ȻԼŷͰˣȻҲܱȽ˳ǻԵñȽͻȻ˵ŪһЩ顣ҶƽһһذȥٵزѾһЩ˿ʼܼȳʵˡ
־ǿûʲô飬άаԺҶƽִ绰ͨһ֪һ飬
Խӵĵ绰֮ҶƽŹ滮ֳ͵쵼ӵһǺܿʶҶƽ˾̵棬֮ǰڳίϣҲʾּ֧ǿֺ͹滮쵼ӽľҶƽóĵˣȻûзԣʾͬ⡣
һ֮һôίһʽˡ־ǿص׼֮󣬱ڳί˵飬лϣмίǡ
ϣǸؼίǣһҲмίΣҶƽҪϣμίǣʾԡҶƽڴ֮ǰҲͨ˵󣬱ʾ޳ɡ
ڳίϣϣͷ˵˳ͨˣɣҶƽûʲôøУҶƽֻǸһԱķ쵼ְûٽűĵλȥ
ίһҶƽ㰲֯ȥְɴʱ˷֪Ĺ滮ֳһְǲ뵽ίûаĲȥ쵼ְ񣬶ֻǳ˹滮ֵһԱ
֯ʱԲˣӴ֯ŵ˶飬ԷĵǸӲˡ
鲻飬ı䲻ίľһֻ֣ܽܡͬʱҲ֪ίĵɲͬǣľְֳסˣҵֻǵθְ˵ɵְûˣҲЩģұɲڵֻǵθֳȻпԼλӵģֻǸоڻʱûж
һЩȻʱǿջЦǰʱɫ
ҲǺ֣ʾԺѧϰָ̡ʾң˵໥ѧϰֳ˲ţҪȫԸְֳ֧Ĺ
æʾ̫ˣѧϰģԺҪ¾ֳ̡
໥˰죬ȵ֯ŵ֮󣬺ǸҰһ칫ңصĺڹźá


1140 Ч
ϣӸؼίǵλϵһɲһλɲһεȫû뵽ĸɲ˹ƽģϴһֱԵĵλȻڸصĹǳŬ鴦İȫǰУڸѾļίǣʼջǴλǻ
Ȼ֮λǻ꣬ҲйءΪ鴦࣬رصĸɲ潫ߣŵλȥȴǶסѹûͬ⽫һְĸλȥ
Ȼסѹȴ޷Ϊ˻֪ôأԾһֱڸصļίǣ鴦ٶְ˵ǼίеһԱɽ
ΪٸɼҪ˾Ӷ߿վģȴû뵽Ҷƽ֮θгĿǰȻίǣͻȻϵмίμίǣӸε
ְλõ˵ϣмίϰ֪࣬˭ܸоҶƽйأ쵼ȿ϶кãڿûζĵܿܺͷͰһҶƽйء
εĵһ죬ӵί칫绰ȥҶƽһǰ̸ǰ̸Ӧǰеģʱ䵢飬κ̸
ͰҲһҶƽİ칫ңҶƽͬʱڳĻίάС֯־ǿ
Ҷƽ֮Ҫ̸ȻҪǿԼԸɲĿƣȻһ֯򣬲εĸɲ棬Ȼ޷֪ǵɲȻҲǲܶһǽ̸̸һǳҪ顣
Ϊ˷ֹ˲ʲôĿģרŰάкͽ־ǿйһ̸Էֹ˲ֲɡ
λί쵼ǽ̸ϣҲǸеί쵼Ŀеĵλ̸ȫҶƽУڷͰˣҶƽص̸˽Ҫ滮ͽ蹤ҪȫչеĽ͹滮á
ϣҶƽǳֿ϶ڸصĹΪɣӲǿ˴εмίҪǿȫеļͼϣܹµĹλµĳɼ
ϣûίҪ쵼ⷬǶһַǳ߶ȵİˣ˰ǰδСϣıЩҶƽ̱֮ʾһί쵼ԼڵĹΪȫеĵԼĹס
ҶƽĻ֮󣬵˵ͷ̸ʽҶƽתͷһάкͽ־ǿʲôҪģ˶ֱʾûʲôɽˡ
Ҷƽ֮ⷬ󣬱ǾûбҪٶིʲôˣһҶƽΪ׼ǾͲҪһˡ
̸Ժάкͽ־ǿȥҶƽϣҲҪߣǵһϣͬ־һ¡
ϣһæͣסŲһ֪Ҷƽϣһʲô鰲ţǾͲҪͣˡȫ˳ȥ
Ҷƽϣϣ֪ʲô飬Ź֮󣬱վҶƽİ칫ǰϣͬ־ίΪмίǣʵ뷨ʲôҶƽϣһۣЦЦ˵
ղҶƽ̸ǽĶһЩϵĻ˽ʵ뷨ʲôϣ˵Ҳ˵ģͨ˽˵̸ʹϣڽĹܹԼҪ¡
Ҷƽʵ֮ϣﲻһ֪Ҷƽʵ뷨ʲô˼ѵҪԼʵ뷨Ҷƽ
ϣЩģȻ˵ЩһڹٳҪʵ뷨ºܶ˶ԸҶƽˣô
ϣɣ˵Ҷǣʵ뷨û뵽λΪίǣڸѾ֮꣬ǰĴٸɼ˾Ӷˣû뵽ίλҵίθǡ
˿Ҷƽ˵ϴε漸һ飬Ǹĸɲӡ̣ڼĸɲԺҪãڼĸɲо˿ùŬĸɲίڸصĹĿõģ˴ζĵίۺϿǾġǰͼĹҪǿⲻǲ鴦ٸܷӵ⣬һҪתǵĹ磬ǵĹЧܵҪ󡣰мίץһץⷽĹмίҪȫйЧܴ칫ңΰ칫ҵΣԺʲôֱһ㱨Ҫ쵼𣿡
Ҷƽⷬһ˵ϣԸܵҶƽӣ벻Ҷƽ⣬̫еˡ
ҶǣģôҾôϣʾ
ϣ̬Ҷƽеǳ⣬ҪľЧмίǣίίŬԼЩ˵ռίмίǲ԰참ֻҪˣҪɲ˫棬ҪίǵͷֻҪ˼ίһ㼶мǼӿмί
ϣҵǿϴǽֳƵģڽмίЧܽ裬ٴηʵɾ
ϣ̸껰ҶƽֳлЧܴ쵼С飬һֱ쵼С飬Ϊ֮ͷߵĸɲûйЧʣԼͨٿý幤̸ᣬԼձ紴ݷչ̳ĿľΪתɲ˼룬߹ЧʣڳЧܴ쵼Сʱ
ҶƽһٿίίᣬоЧܴ⣬Ե쵼ӳԱû飬߹Чʣȷ˭޷ԣĳίֻܱʾ޳ɣκεķԡ
ҶƽԵȫлЧܴ쵼С鳤Ժάеθ鳤ίԱΪԱ쵼С칫ң칫мίϣΰ칫ΣץЧܵĴ
ϣܵҶƽӣĳίȻ뷨ҶƽʮӸصĸɲѾΪгϣֵмίǣ£ȻǷǳˡ
ҶƽЧܴ쵼СԺ󣬱ֵһ쵼С鹤飬ڻǰҪ󣬻ЧĵһҪλ磬һЩӰΣȺΪ֮ڣȺڼලҪձݵ̨ع̨ЩΪȫعʾЩ粻ʵĸɲ
ϣˣ˭ֻҪֲΪϰڼϷȲΪֻҪһع⣬ЩԾ޵ݡ


1141 ڵ
й滮־ֳҶƽ֮Ի滮ֵľֳҪԭǷڵ˽ί칫Ҹڼ䣬˽гй滮⣬Ա滮ֳȫеĹ滮
еĹ滮֪Ҷƽ˼϶Ҫֱʵع滮һ£ȻȻСС֣ǿ϶ǲеġ
ΪˣʼȫеĹ滮˽⣬Һǿϣַǿרҵƣץóй滮Ĺ
ǿ˷֧֣Ȼٵı˳⣬һ˿ʼ뵽еÿһ䣬˽е˼ųй滮ĸ֡
ǹ滮ֵĵԱ쵼ְ񣬵ǻڹ滮ϰࡣ˵Ƿ쵼ְʶĻӦȥʲôˣְǳʣΪԱھ쵼֮һھͷȻΪ쵼Ҫһĸֳǰ棬Ϊɲ
ۿԼλ÷ˣɴԼİ칫£еԼһشۣԼڹ滮ֵôľֳڴصûʲô˰죬쵼˹滮ֳ֣ܸɵȥ
˼Ű뷽Ϊѣһ·¡Ҷƽߵô飬ȻҲɵӣ֪пܻᰵи£˽ҲǷ˹۲ɵһһֹиһЩС
һ۲죬Ƿǲʼįľ쵼ӳԱԼвɲϵУƺʲôͼı
ھְ칫Ͻ˼žͷĹûκεãܶҪȥ죬֮ǰЩȻİٻϹȥһЩãڿԸоˡ
뵽Щ쵼ӳԱԼвɲ໥ϵɰʹ˻Ͼڹ滮ֵôľֳЩ˶н飬ڻھͷȻ쵼ְˣǻǵԱͷλߵҲˡ
󣬷üͷҶƽǧټƵؽӽҪһɼģȻԶʲôʹΪԼǰ;ǣҲҪҶƽݵĹΣԲԼڹ滮ֵĹûκνչ
ɵĴһأһ룬һûһˣ֮ǰֻǴ棬ƽʱڿûһˡ
Ϊ˸Ծ棬רһξְ칫˲ָɲĹָίĻЧܴҪ󲻷ݵĴչҪ󲻷ת磬ȫԸؿչ˲Ըֱ˻ؼңԴ˵кô
ΪҲμӾְ칫ᡣ˵棬ΪֻΪ쵼ְûʲôĹҲǿԴﵽ˵ˣ˵Ȼָ
Ҳ⻰˼ˣɵȻڷ˵ⷬԺɫ̾ͱˣҲǿӲһҲ鰡
ֳǴӴйˣ֪Ķ࣬Ķ࣬Щ˶ʲô׻˵ܵÿ죬ȫͷҹûãҪͷ˵ǲǣԷĹͻȻֵ˵ìͷָѹûõԭ򣬹ڷĻ᳡궯
ɾȻ壬Ǹеǲưոݵġǳһ£ɨһۣԱĻһ֮ǰǵĹ滮ֵĹܵίҶǵĽѵ̰Ҳϣǹ滮ֵĹһܵҲֻܵǹͬŬѹãܲһ֪ǹ滮ֵӣٸӣԭϣΪ䣬ת磬ίҪѹá
ĻܴȻ˵ܵÿ죬ȫͷôͷ˵֮ǰĹûãҲͷУ֮֮û뵽Ӧô죬ҧгݵģǲٷˡ
ȻǿﴽǹལйУһķչҪ֪Ҷƽ쵼ɲô϶Ҷƽ֪ģ֮ǰһЩûаϵģìǹˣץסѱ֪ɻʲô
ûи巴֪ھĺҲ̫ǿЩ˿ǳӦһЩҪ󣬵Ҫ񣬿Щδػվһߡ
ɢԺ󣬷һ飬ìڹˣìܲڹ滮ֿûٸȥˣΪҿβס˼ңô˾Ͳ㵱£Ǳ߿£ˡ
ξӣһʧأ˾ͻṥɹҪɸ
һʱĹ۲죬Ҳ˽⵽ڵι滮ֳڼ䣬һЩزϰϵУҪ֪滮ֵȨҲǺܴģһЩزϰҪ㿪ûй滮ֵǲеģΪźܴѰռ䡣
Щ֮󣬷ȥҶƽҪҶƽֹϵĸţŵĹ
ҶƽȻһ׵£ҪƿİţֻҶƽͨһ绰Ҷƽһ̸һ̸
ίԺ˴Ժ֮ѸҶƽİ칫ңȻһأҶƽ㱨滮ַ顣
ҶƽϸŷĻ㱨ڹ滮ֵǷǳģΪ滮ǳҪ˲ţԲκε⡣
һжְ֮Ȼ뷽ţˣеǳһ룬ǶԷ˵ûһֹ㿴ǲҪ滮֣
һ뵽ɵ滮־Щ̫ˣ̴սҶƽһ£Ҷƽ֮ͷȻǾͲҪ̫ˡ
ҶƽӦ£Щ˾ǲ֪ˣ˵жˣͲҪץȨʵʵشžǺܺãȴ쵼ԣǼֱ
Ҷƽ㱨֮󣬱ǻص˹滮֣ʱɿһֱûвȡʲôǸˣҪ֪뷽֮ìܹˣڷûвȡʲôȻʤˡ
ͷǵҸоܺã뷽ĿȡЧˣȻ˵˾ֳԺҲȨģڹ滮ֿΪˡ


1142 ɱץ
Ҷƽϣ˹ϣڵĹæЧܽһ£ԱҶƽһƯĴ
ӵҶƽҪĵ绰ϣæ˹һҶƽǺܹվڶҶƽͶأΪҶƽãĸɲǶǳĿ
ĵλܲ˸еޱȵͨڸصʱ൱ڵмίҳΪЧ쵼С칫ΣΪĿĶǸо϶ǲһġ
Ҷƽϣ֮󣬱һ顣ϣȥȥԺ󣬱ֿʼɡɵҶƽ㱨ԺҶƽüίȥһɣȻɴ˲ôʵ뷽֮˳ͻ뷨ʰһ£ù滮ְýһͷһЩָʾʾԿˡ
ҶƽûаϺˣѰӸŪˣֱӰϣȻ֪ˣˣҶƽڲô࣬ҲҶΪʲô֮˽Ը
ϣȥԺȴΧɣмҷزϰʧ֪ʲôԭ򣬶Ҳ֪ڵ˭һʱ֮ݳǵĿȻšΪزϰǣţֻǹ滮һŵ£һʧһЩɲͽˡ
֪ܿ飬ǰϣйһʲôϣ͸Ҷ԰ŵģһݱصķزϰڻûн
ϣĻ֮ûгΪǣҶƽͲ˵ˣΪһ˵ͻᴫ뵽ҶƽĶ
ûй£ǿҶƽҪǿƵ£ίҪҶƽĹ˼·ͱüӴ󰸼鴦ȣĻֻ뵽ݵĵطٳУһ޷ȥӦԣϣĻ¡ϣڲ鴦ȴֶκݣصĸɲ֮ΪȻĳƺϣȴǲΪ⡣
ҶƽԸ԰ϣ£Ҷƽźˣֵѿ뵽ݵطٳֶȥôһ
ϣڵ˼زϰ֮⼸زϰ嵱ȻǳǿӲΪǶԼĺ̨ôüί˸ץסʲôѱϣԴҲ֪ģԵ˺ֻܽ顣
һʼʱϣϣܴЩزϰڳһЩ㣬һЩزϰǳǿӲʲôֻòȥ鷶Χֱйɵ顣
ϣһɵ飬ЩزϰǱֳĬˣΪ֪ɸְˣְǵĵһڰ滮ɵʱԵñȽ̰ڿһϣŵֻҪлߵʵ֮ǾͿԻȥˣ֮£½ίлһٶԪʵ
֤ݣϣҶƽ棬Ҷƽ֮󣬱ǵ˵ͷ绰˹ӵ绰ԺǸ˹ԺҶƽ˵¡һװһȻ˵Ҷǣָʾˡ
Ҷƽı鵱пԸоЩ죬ϾƹеģֳҪһ¡
һ룬Ҷƽ˵ǣҰŵģʱûкͨҪǿǵϵЭ⣬һһ£ȷˡ
ҶƽֻǼһ£֮æ˵һҶǵָʾϣͬ־Ĺķǳ
ȻвֻҶƽ֪£ǲҶƽʲôԿҶƽ򵥽̱֮ʾҶƽָʾѰӰá
̬֮ⷬҶƽŷģڰ֮ͷٿίί飬ɲȡ˫ʩ
˫һµõҶƽ׿ϣʾҶƽϣֱӴӣǰ滮ֶɲȡ˫ʩ
˹滮ֵʱɶԼѾȻ֮ǰزϰȥʱ֪ôһ£ǵȵزϰԺʶԼˡ
ֻǸеģ֪Ľڰ칫Щ޾ˣԭ뷽ԿʱĿУʧӰ٣ֻԼ᲻¡
һ뵽Щ飬ȻҪ浽ʲôԭΪ֪Լ뷽֮ìܵ£пҶƽ㱨ˣô£Ҷƽ᲻֣
϶޷ԸģΪûֻҶƽȨ鴦ĸɲҶƽ֣κλ֮
һ䵽³ɾԼ̫ԩˣԿҲֻ뷽棬ܾҶƽװְҪԼĴڣȴû뵽ҶƽһҲʹɱֶ֣ôݡ
ɰ˼ʱ򣬱ǸоЩҹﶼجΡȵϣİ칫ҵʱһʱ̱֮üί뿪ġ
ɱüί˸ˣһʱ֮滮ޱȣж˱ίȥʻеĻˣеûлҲüί˫ˡ
ڹ滮ڽȨٷ䣬ԱеˣӶѸƿ˹滮֡
ɱ˫һ£ͬҲݹٳΪݹٳҶƽ֮󣬲ûв鴦ϵĸɲǵһȻ𶯷ǳ
һݵĹٳʼҶƽΪ֮ǰֻǲ鴦һĳǽֳƼɲȴǲ鵽ĴɲͷǱƽˡ
һЩԱʼ˽飬˼ԭ˱֪£ΪɲȻҶƽ˶Կǲ⻹ܰ
ȻҲΪҶƽЩ̫ˣѾְˣ鴦ʵ̫ˣְĵһ죬ǶҪ鴦ľֻһʱûˡ
Ϊɱ鴦£ݹٳڲֹ˺ܴĺ䶯ҶƽȨȻɼ鴦ɲӰ֮ϰҲ۷׷ס
ϰնȻǲģ˱ΪⲻӼ󣬹滮ʲôȨҪͲЩȨš
Ȼֻϰ˽µۣǲ˽ٳϵǿ滮ֿ϶ûйʲôֻù滮һˮţǲ֪滮ֶһзչҪԣάΰĹ֡
ҶƽȻ֪ϰͷô룬鴦ɣ˵Щ밵˲ŵҵ˼ɻ֮ģҪ˲ˣǺܿҲᱻҶƽϣ³δػɵĺá


1143 ʡӲ
Ҷƽڳίĸ֮ԼʩţҲҪʵеһǹҵһɫھһк˼֮ȷķչ˼·
Ҫ뷢չûйҵĻ϶ǲеģݱϾͬһʡУĻǳĺãȫҵƻ˻ҲǵòʧһҪһҲҪչҵ
Ҷƽչսԣרžרһ飬ȡһЩר뻷רҵгһĻ顣
ľ÷չսҪίóȻִУһطȨתĻԭ򣬳ΪгȻҪ𾭼÷չΣڴľ÷չսҪί쵼
ҶƽţͷȫͬһҪΪݵĹҵҵĿںţδؾܷչһΪŷḻɭԴľҵķչȽѸ٣ȫеľһƶãҶƽ뷨ЩľļӹڵһǧСһٶңֱӼپųɡ
ôľļӹرգȫеľúͲ϶һӰ죬Ҽľļӹ᲻ᵼЩľĳϰӰ쵽ȶأ
ԵЩδزǶԵģĵҲһĵСҶƽҾҶƽ̫ǿˣ˼ķ
˳Ҷƽһμר̸ʱ򣬱ԵĲɣôûô廰
Ҷƽо̬ȣԴû˵ʲôһҪԼĹ˼·ڹϲĻ밲Լչ
ר֮ҶƽʽٿίίᣬоսԹ滮᳣ίԺҶƽսԵһ档֮󣬱ǸеսԹģȽϺҶƽ֮սԣȻǱ治
˵ܺܲʵ𰡣ҵǸеǳûסûףҾ뿴ҶƽЦоʱ򣬴ҲûжսԲκε飬һͨÿҶƽôʼսԡ
Ҷû飬ҶƽͷģսԲǷչô򵥣սԶҶƽ˵սԵ塣
Ϊεһ֣ȻҪһԼʩţΧʩűһϵеΡòԣʵʩĻҶƽͿԲȡʩӡ
ȻĿǰ˵ҹעĽҶƽܲʵĿ꣬ûע⵽ʵֲ˻һʲôȻҶƽԼĿģݵĸɲ˼뷢ĸɲźܴĲ࣬Ҫһһظ״
սԵõίί׼һʵսˡҶƽרձ͹ձϽй㷺սԣձչ̳ר棬Ҫȫиɲ淢£̬οչսԡ
Ϊ˼ǿսԵ쵼Ҷƽս쵼С飬Ե鳤Դ֮Ѿ˶쵼С飬Ҷ쵼С鳤óԵ쵼ӳԱеҶƽеȨˣΪгѩڵʱȨСⲻóԲˡ
ҶƽȻҲ֪Կܻ᲻ˣڲܹ˼ЩڷչķǳʱڣҪȨļвһЩ£ս쵼С飬ȫչĻĹԣ¸㲻ʲôĻһЧ
ⲻγԣγ쵼µĹЧʣݵĹٳϰԱҪһĥܸ֮ı
ʡίʡҲݵķչս˷Ӧʡ˵רί˽
Ҷƽ뵳УѧϰʱͬѧʱǳʡڵʡˡΪʡȻԾ÷չʮֹע˵ҶƽҪʵʩչսԣȻǷǳȤݵķչҲҪȫʡķչ
ˣרίȡҶƽͳԵĹ㱨û뵽ôͶսԲȤ
ʡȽΪǳʡʡڹϵĸ϶ûʡίǰɽǿȫʡĺöɲΨɽհģԵȻҲˣ˳Ӳ칤еʲôţֻҶƽίǣΪгĽɫڱˣֻܾڴҪλˡ
ҶƽȻҪԽӴҪչҪʵսԣҪõʡίʡ֧֣Ȼֻʡʡ֧֣ȻҪÿչһЩʡίֻڸӺ۵ķݽй֧֡
ֱίԴǱ߸ϹʡӲ칤ΪгȻҪͬ
ʻίԺʱҶƽ³ĵطӭӣסҶƽ֣Ȼһ߽ί칫¥
֮ǰǵУͬѧԼ֮ȻԵúУȻ֮ǰĽ࣬ڵͬһطȻ׽ࡣ
Ҷƽһߵ¥ϵĻңԺͳг߷һͬһ߽ίСҡ
˻֮󣬳սԵĻҶƽ˽ܡҶƽĽܣͷָеķչһҪдֱʣССʽطչˣȻԶȥʵʩսԣȡʻ뷢չĿ쳵սԷǳԣץסݷչţӣһܺõķչսԣʡίʡһȫ֧֡
񷢱֧սԵĽҶƽȻǷǳˣǳȴЩüΪֻܴʡܴʡίʡίǰɽûб̬ôҲʡί̬ˣ
һӾ뵽⣬ȴûоֻаɽܴʡίʡίǣѵеʱʡί
ҷչõ飬һ飬˭ܷԴ£ΪʡһҪȫ֧֣ȻҪѻ˵һЩֻ˵ʡʾ֧֡
ҶƽڳĽȻһǳҪ֧ҪʲôĿҪʡһأҪʡЭȹ
ڽ껰֮ҶƽͳԵͬרŵĿǰصĿӲ죬ҲһζеĹӲ죬ͨӲ죬ѹսԵϢݳȥΪֻ㱨϶ǲеġ
ЩڽصĿҲԿսԵĳɼ֮һǹҵսԵĳɹ֮һȻЩĿ֮ǰеġ
Ӷڲŵʱ򣬱ָսԵʵʩƶصĿĿչɼһӾֳˡ


1144 ϸɲ
ҶƽսԷǳͣΪʡʡȻϣܹչΪϱ߾һ飬֮ǰݵķչǳ⣬ʡίʡԴҲǱȽϾģҲûа취ҶƽսԣԵþǱȽϵĴȻʡίʡҲصķչսԣҪǵϵӰ죬ܰţƤ̫󣬶ΪһУӦȽϴĺ٣ʹʵֲ˲ӰҲȽСҶƽչսǱȽ˵ġ
ʹǳҶƽչսԱȽͣҲǻҶƽսܷʵ֣ΪսԷ·ǿ¥ѵͷչҵܹ
ȻɣͬҶƽչսԵģˣҶƽǲڴţƤʾ֧֡
Ҷƽרžչսʡίǰɽ˻㱨ɽΪʡίǣȻҲҪעȫʡķչƣҶƽսԣеЩ졣ҶƽΪеίǣȻ˵ҲʡίίǱϾ¼ϵݵķչʵҪʡķչУҶƽսƶĹ̵Уûʡίǻ㱨ȵսԳ̨֮㱨Ҷƽûʡίǰ
ҶƽĽӽȽУΪ֪ҶƽǵУͬѧʡίίУʡίǺʡʵȽǿʵ֮⣬ʡеίˣΪʡίʡίί𲻱˵ͣʡΪʵǿĳУŴξԴʡίίоǽǿʵɣһ˵ʡίӦʡίǾεΡ
˵ʡһСʡǴ˿ڡ״ǷǳСʡˣһСʡȻ̫עʡίѾ֮꣬ǰʡ꣬ˣûеҲûҲϰطӣȫʡĸɲģǷǳġ
֮ǰǸίѩʵҲģѩԺ׼ƼԳίǣʡίίУû뵽ͻȻҶƽʡίίίǣеЩ˿˿졣
ͬģƼʡίͳɳιʡʡȴͻȻιʡʡǳ񶮾ãᣬʡ֮󣬶ԹʡĹһٽ
еЩˣѩನҲСӰ쵽뿪ʡټͳɽʡίһְȻԴްգĴ㡣
һ״ھ÷չϲûʲôΪΪʡ˹ʡľãһЩ޷ƶȥҲ뷴ӳʱûӦ
ҶƽΪίսȫʵʩľ÷չߣ˳ŻսԲȤһҶƽܷʩչ
ڰɽ̬ȣ˵Ҷƽ㱨ʱǲÿɷ񣬼ûзԣҲûбʾҪֻ֧֣ǸҶƽһҪݵʵʣܳԽݵʵ
ɽ⻰ȷķϻ˭֪Ҫ鲻뵱صʵʣʵʲôȴ߼ʣ߼ǣȫ˵ʶܶˡ
ûʵҲһºĿɹˣȻûʵʣʧˣǱʵʣʧܵһǧɹһ㹻ˡ
ɽ䵭Ҷƽеͷһˮ˵ķչսûȡʡ߲쵼ϿɣȻûзԣֲԵķʵе䣬Ȼڲ̫ʡж֧֣֧ˣ϶չսԵʵ֡
ҶƽûбֳԼ԰ɽʾ֧ԼĲΪ˵ʲôõģֻаѷչսʵˣǲ˹Ŀ࿴ڴ֮ǰѾ˴ĹĿľΪƳչսԣȻʵԼĿꡣ
ȻһһڳԵģһһģ֮ǰĴǲģȻ˼һЩûùɲģڻ˵˲ŵľٶû뱾ؽںϣˮҲǲ˵ȫеûȫУҪһĹʹԼڸ涼ܵӦ֡
ɽ̬ɻӰ쵽ݵһЩҪɲΪгҶƽķչսԾЩɣȻ֮ǰ֧֮߱⣬ڰɽûбʾ֧֣ȻǸӲԸִչսˡ
ڳԵ˵̬Ҷƽоģ޷ıʱȥ飬һжִȡһĳɼ˵
ΪӰ쵽һЩɲ˼룬Ҷƽ˰죬֯ϸɲιѧϰ˽ǰҪƶչսԡԵĸ׳үӺ˼ҵĸүӶڽ֮С
ôϸɲҶƽԴιеһЩĿڽ⵱ǽݿչսԵ飬ЩͷǣýζоҶƽƶĲ
ЩͷȻ˼ȽϱأǶڷչ黹ǷǳĵģǲΪоĹϵ뷨ЩְɲῼǵĸӸһЩΪЩչսҪִС
ͬʱҶƽιѧϰǽ⣬Ҳһϸɲ֣ϸɲٵõ㡣
ҶƽһнϸɲѹְĸɲΪְܶĸɲϸɲŮٶܵϸɲӰ졣
үڲιѧϰ֮󣬻ؼұ߳ԣúõطҶƽ쵼ԼڵĹáǳ֮ȴû˵ԼүӻǸս˼άıȽϼ򵥣ڵĸɲ˼븴Ķ࣬Ҷƽ˾ȻԼƣƶʩ죬ϸɲʵǱҶƽˡ
Դ뷨ֲȥԼү󱻱ûֻÿϴӦ˳үӵҪ
˼ҵүһֱǸӵˣ˼֮ǰεٶЩֱҵʱίǣǿҪ˼ңȻүӳִַ˽޹ľԼҪǵϹǲġ
үӣүӵ˼ǳǰģ˼һصҰҶƽһЩһ˵үӱǷǳҶƽǣöҲûʲôôܰ˼˵˼ңҪܵҶƽá
үӿʼ£һЩϸɲҪҶƽҶƽҲһʱˣͷȻҲһЩߣһ˵үЩջ
֮ǰѩ֮Իᵹ̨Ϊүӵϸɲһȥѩѩ־飬Է˴Ȼѩĵ̨иԭ򣬵ϸɲòɵ͹˶ϸɲ˼붯̬ļ쵼ǷǳеģҶƽȻҲ⡣


1145 Ʊ̬
ҶƽϸɲιѧϰһƣһЩ˿󣬶ҶƽֲȡһЩж
ϸɲιѧϰֻһãеҲʧļүڲιѧϰ֮󷴶ŷˣһʧȻʧȣǵôĶ࣬Ϳˡ
ҶƽרձϿһսԷչ̳һβϴձڴչֻ̳һˣҪģҪԼйֱŸ˱Ҫڷչ̳Ϸ£ΧݵսƶĿ̬꣬
ҶƽһзǳĸͲŵĸ˲ձ̬Ȼнʰǣ˵һ߲ʱ˵˸еǳ𶯡
Ҫ֪ҶƽҪͳһ˵˼룬֮ǰҶƽеĸɲһΣȫеĸɲҪȥ̬д£Ȼȫеĸɲȫ֮ˡ
ίǺһ̬Ե⣬˵ӦºܺʱȴǴһʱʹı̬ˣ˵ҶƽȨǿԴﵽκһطˣ˸ڲ̬ڶԿҶƽ˵ҶƽȨȹ̡
ЩίҲǸеͷۣӦ˵ԵĹϵҪҶƽĹϵͻȻתҶƽԿܻ᲻ˡǳԱϾίǣҼҲǱȲҶƽҶƽԿףǶǻǷǳġ
⣬ҲṩһܺõķǱֻҪ׷ҶƽģܹõΣһȱ̬ԵĻǻܵҶƽĸ߶ӣ
ίһ㣬ΪίǣһֱԵĹϵҶƽеѹͬʱҲǿ˻ᣬܽλҶƽϵһǳõ顣
Ҷƽ֮ȳ֮ǰд·ձϡʱһЩίҲȷˣͿ˭ͱĹϵˣҺ뱨糤ϵܺã˵һձϵ˱
ȱ̬ΪҲɲеһΪһĸɲǱȽţģһ˵صĸɲȷԣĸɲǵ󣬲ôżԵĹϵһֱãίг֮Ĺϵʵ÷ǳ΢ʱͻȻȷʵúܶû뵽
ҶƽȻҲҪעһһȱ̸̬μӿսԵʵʩⲻһ
ȻһΪģΪһֱʵʩսԵĵطڹһҼÿΪƽ̨ʵݹҵĿ꣬˹ѿǵĶֻǳٳûвȡϾܸӣ籩¶Լͼ
ϵĻ̬ȣǰһϺõĻǺÿչ
̬֮ⷬҶƽ̴ǰп죬һܷطһҼ
ебȽһΪ󣬿һܴķչռ䣬عӦȽϳ㣬޷ĵطŰѿ
֮ǰҲһǹģȽСֻʡչԶԶҶƽҪʵֹҵ𣬱ҪŪһҼĿ
Ҷƽ˹֮æͬȻƼѡҲһͬͬҶƽǰӲ칤˼æӭӡ
Ҷƽǰ֣˵ıֲһձϷ£˵ǱȽӵչսԣһҲǶǶԼֵ֧һֻӦ
ͬ־ѡͬ־еλ÷ǳҪλͬ־һҪЭѹչãһҪһҼǸҪˡҶƽ˿ǣָʾ
һҶƽ˵ҪҼҰѵصڹͻƼѡǰһҪ֪ҼһطķչʮҪҸҼһǷǳܵʡίõˣ˱ֺˣ˵ܸҼ
еҶƽźܺõķչͷԵģҶƽǰ;֮ǰľȷģҪҶƽ쵼
ͻƼѡ˶ģҶƽ˺úõ̸һ̸Ȼ˹ļҵιһ£ڲι۵ʱרָǰʵίȷչսԷǳҪҵҲҪΧսıԼδҪʵɫ𣬾ͲҪȾҵҵһҪθУܾӪĳã򲻿ܽɰϵꡣ
ҶƽҵĽҲΪľ񴫴˳ȥһЩҵȻҲҪ˽ίľΪίɫĸɫҪܾܿͻٹرյ⡣
ҶƽĽӽɻԵע⡣ҶƽӲ֮󣬳ԵűӵһֱڰеֿҶƽݵĸ𣬵ȻǽеֿûֱҶƽֿ
ϾΪгȻҶƽжԿĻõӰ죬ҶƽûʹίҲûѸٵȨû뵽Ҷƽ֮Ѹٵõһķ˿ԼϵϺõȻҲҶƽˣⲻܲеΣͲ졣
һ룬Ǹһ绰һˣôһƺ֪⣬Ȼڽӵ绰Լб飬ҪһЩȥ
˵ҪһЩȥĿóڵ̬ȱˣٽˣ֪һҪôʲôģ᲻һ׵ġ
һ浽Լ¹Ա֪ʲôˣ˵ʽѣȥֵֻûȤ˵عҶ˵绰
һվҶƽһߣȻ˵վҶƽһߵ˻Ƚ٣Ǻ󾢱Ƚ㣬ҶƽÿһԼԵȵطһЩҪԱʹһƵĵزˡ
ͻƼѡȱ̬ȻʾЧӦ֮ǸֱŸ˷׷ձϷ£ȫзΧʵսԵĴ󳱡ҶƽҪľЧĶҰѹչûаף϶޷˳ֵĿչͨƵķƶͻһֺܺõЧ
ִ֮ҲһЩͬί˼ڳԵӰ£ٳûձϷԼ̬ܲһЩɲǣͬʱҶƽҲǲҪʲô


1146 ѹ
ۿ̬ϣίȴ޶Ҷƽ֪˼ƺҪԣ֮ǰүӰҪ֮Ҳ֪ˣⲻеŭ
󣬳ϵѹ˼ҳб̬ΪίίҶƽǰһĵλǳίίȣ˼ҳ̬
˼ҸķԸ̬̬ϣ̬дǴӦˡ
ļ˵α̬ҶƽȻ֪ûкһ̬ȻһЩǲһµġ
ҶƽһʱʲôϾ˼Ǳ̬ˣһίίελϸߣҳίҲûʲô˵ʱͨսʱͬģٽб̬Ҳ˵ùȥ޷ָ
ʱö˼ҽƨɺ治үҪԣĿⶢ˼ҡ
˼ɲҪٿίᣬûһİѱץҲô뵽Ҷƽüͷһ壬ίһЩҪȨԼϻǲеģ֯־ǿȻԼǾֿԼʹˣЩûЭ̣ҽ־ǿԭιʡί֯°ٽ飬ſɽҲ޷ʩѹ
־ǿոչûеҶƽһ룬üȻ֯޷ˣô͵һ¼ίǣȻĹϵԣǲһõļίǣ뽫Ҫ뻻ͱְĻôһЩ
ôôְأҶƽһ룬˻ǱȽһЩԼֵǿһЩ⡣
Ҷƽһ룬ϣ˹ϣѾĸãϣλǵˣһЩҪĸɲȥǶһЩҪĸɲϣ޷ڳίϣһЩ̬ȴǲ
ϣй֮ҶƽǷԸеһ˼ңһûʲôϵ⣬鵽֮㱨оߴ
ϣӵҶƽԺ󣬲ûж룬ֱӾȥֵ£ڵ̬ȾֻҪҶƽ˭Ͳ˭ȥǸϵҲԭڸܰºܶసӵԭ̫İأôûôİˡ
ϣôһ飬˽⵽һЩӳ˼ҵ£Ҫ漰һɳǸĹ⣬һϰйߣû˸ȥ飬Ҳûص֤ݣҪ飬ίͷͬ⡣
ϣҶƽ˱棬Ҷƽ棬һ̬ȡϣű˻㱨һ飬üͷΪǰҲ֪飬˼ҼбȽǿΪһмɲݵүӣȥ⣬Ӱ϶ǳĴ
һӵϣı棬ָʾҪȵѼʽ֤֮˵ϣǰҲ˵ܲ飬ֻ˵û֤ݣϣҪ
ֱ̬֮ϣͰҶƽҶƽһ룬ûж˵ʲôֻİţͬʱҪѵ˼ҵųȥһԷķӦ
Ҷƽڰϣ֮󣬱Ǵ绰Լİ칫ҡ֮Ҷƽǿ˿ϣ˼ҵʲô̬ȡ
ϣҶƽָȥһЩ飬Ҳ֪ϣѾҶƽˣҶƽһǲûشֻܻ˵֤ݲ㡣
˵֤ݲ㣬Ҷƽǲˣʲô²֤ݳ㣿ҪҪ飿һҶƽ׷ʣǸеѹȽϴҶƽǴװͿ˼ݵҶƽ֪ܲ˼ңȻڵһߣ˼Ҳʲôͻ
ҶƽϣǸеһЩѹʱе޷ѡˡҶƽЩΪѣûٸʩѹȥٿһ£Ϊίǣᶨҡڣ¾߲ˣѣԸ
ʱ뿪Ҷƽİ칫ңȥԺ˼Ҷƽ˼ҶƽʱΪʲôҪ˼أһоҶƽĹǲģȻҶƽûʲôìܣҶƽԼͼĹҪܸߣƲȥϣⱾͲˡ
һ룬⣬Ȼⲻһģ֮ǰ⣬ϾˣԸٴλȥƴֻһֲ⡣
ϣų˵Ҫ˼ңһ˼ұ˸һؼҼæԼүӻ㱨үһ˵ίҪӣ̱ףһ绰ʵô£ǲĶӡ
үӱȽϻǳģ˼ѾˣһЩǰΪӱݿ
һӵү绰Ǳʾûе£֪ﴫķүӲҪš
ĻүӲſϾְίίø˼һЩӣôر˼ҡ
ºүרԼһԷһЩ飬ͬʱһǸ⡣־棬Ȼܰϣе˵ĻӸӣʱίֻܳಲˣһҪļҸźãͷ˵Ļ
Ϣ֮ˣסļңҲļҶƽָʾļĻүȥҶƽҶƽҶƽعͷٰ⣬ٸѹ
˵飬ٵѹֻļҵģļȻԸѹǲʲôļûȨҶƽȨȥʲô¡
ˣֻǰסļңļû£̬ƽϢ
ʱƽϢ̬ˣүڵ֪мίҪ˼֮ͷǷǳջ𣬶ִԶǼҷǳһ극֮󣬱һЩϸɲʼҲ磬һЩ
ĿǸίʩѹҶƽԴҲģүϴϸίʩѹеҲѹܴ
ίʩѹôǸҶƽʩѹҶƽͷͻʩѹмǸеѰ졣
һ뷨Ũˣһ룬λѹ뷨ط뿪Ƿ֮ء


1147 
оһǷ֮ˣҶƽչֳǿƷԭӦȻҶƽûʲôìܣҶƽΪʩӵѹҲܵˣԸ޷Ե˼վһҶƽȥ
ټϵĿǣŵУصʡίְʡίǰмίǣٻصʡίһõѡ
ڵԼ;ٽһĿԲϣصʡֱȥ뷨ҵʡίţصʡίְԸٴְˡ
ţҪҲЩΪѣڲǻʱҪݣƱҪЭĹϵȻܵ
ǣίİ⣬ţȻҪҶƽίһҶƽʡίίȻǳһЩʵȴǲС
ӵţĵ绰Ҷƽ΢΢¶ЦݣܲסԼѹʼԾ뿪ˡһ룬Ҷƽţһ£̸һ̸顣
ţʡίҲǰɽģҶƽûʲôҶƽΪίʡίίţҶƽĴҲʮֵӡĹϵߣҪҶƽһЭ̣һεְλ
ҶƽʡίĹţ棬ţͰ˵ˣҶƽʲôǷͬ⽫ߡ
ţĻҶƽ˼һ˵ţǣͬ־ݵĹżأû뵽ڲ⣬ȻҲܵʲôίԸ뿪ݵĻû
Ҷƽ˵Ȼǿ׻ţҲ˽ģΪ֮ǰѾ˵ˣҶƽһֱڸʩѹݣ¶ܲӲȥݡ
ţҶƽĻҲһ룬ҶƽǲˣҲԸУ˵Ҳܼ򵥣Ƽ򵥵ȴǲ򵥡Ҷƽ뽫϶ٰһ˵μίǣֽϵʡίȨ⣬ֻø
ƽǣͬ־ȻԸְˣǣٰһѡȥְ⣬ƽⷽǷʲôţһ룬̽һҶƽʵ
һ£Ҷƽװ˼һ˵ͬ־ߵĻҿϣͬ־Ƚʺϵμίһְţ˵أ
ţ˵ϣǳμίǲ׵ҿǴʡίɰɡ
Ҷƽȴ˵ϣȻǿƸұȽͬϣмίһְ
˱ˣţЩÿ˵ƽǣҪǻ֯ɣҶֻн֮Ȩ
ҶƽţǣҪȰһţûѡµļί֮ǰȲҪͬ־ɲԣ
ԣͬ־ְҲԡţƺԸȥְ
ţ˼ҶƽǶȥصίԺй̸֪ҶƽԼһ룬Ҷƽİ칫ҡ
һҶƽİ칫ңǿҶƽҲһҶƽİ칫ǰ
Ҷǣң̧ͷһҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ̧ͷҲһָ˵°ɣǡ
ҶƽߵߣҲȻ˵ͬ־Ҫ뿪ݣ
һʱһ˵ҶǣݴʱҲǲˣڸĿǣⷽ˼
̹ϣҶƽ˵ͬ־ߵĻҲ㣬ǺĹҪãǸأʱ뿪Уţǵ
Ҷƽ˵⻰оҶƽţ֮϶зģĻͻͬ뿪ˣҶƽ˵ʱ뿪Ȼԭġ
Ҷǡϣʡί׼뿪ݡֹӡ
Ҷƽͬ־ʱҪżţǵҲʱְίĹȫ潻ϣͬ־㿴вУ
Ҷƽ̸ص֪Ҷƽ⣬ȻѼίĹȫ潻ϣίʵʵˣ˵˿ȥѾͬҶƽҪίǣΪѰ
һ룬ڶȻȥѾͲҪٽ֦ɣһжҶƽҪ
ӦҶƽҪ֮Ҷƽٿίίᣬڻڼίһְڴ֮ǰûгǵģרһְϣΡ
Ҷƽ°ţԵȻûԤϵ֪ҶƽʲôѾ֪Ҫߵ飬ר賣ǹΪ¶ġ
Ҷƽ飬Լ˵ı̬֧֣ԵȻоҶƽ˾Ÿ⣬ǲǿеķԣϾⲻ漰˵Ȩ
ϣμίǵ˳ͨҶƽռͼȨĵ·һţμίǵѡϴŷ磬ֻòȡַǿԼȨϣγǣͿԺܺõؽöɳȨӶʹίܹԼҪȥһЩ顣
ʹȥְȻŽάӽǱߵμίǡǵţίѡʱ޷ֱѹά˱ϣμίǣ̽ţĵʵ
ţſھͷ飬Ӷ֤ţڼίǵѡԼ뷨£ȻͬţٴʡίһˣĻǲĻҪľǰԼ˳μίһְ
һǵ⣬ԸҲԸһյˡԸƣԺһЩѾȥ⣬ȻԸȥһЩѹǿϣȨʵͼˡ
Ψһеźǣϣڽ˳ί޷ڳί֧ϣֻϯίᣬûбȨȨС
˵ԼΪίǣϣЩţί˵ĩһίǣȴһӳΪ˳ǣ϶ǵڶֵλˡ
ҳǿ϶һĸְλߣ֮ǰûְλҶƽרΪְλҶƽӿ˵ǰδˡ
һ뵽Щϣû˵ˣҶƽȥһЩöԵҶƽĸ߶Ρ


1148 װ
ϣμίǣҶƽռͼȨҪһռͼȨǴһĲ࣬ΪίǱϾǼίǣһ֣ȻԸȨó
ϣγǣһЩˣΪ˵Ҷƽĸ߶ӣԼͼȨļǿ
Ҷƽʱ붢˼ңļүҲʱϴŰ취ͬԭѩһ˵ҶƽݺʲôҲɣֻˣȻͻᴵţƤڵ°иۡ
үӴ˾ҶƽԣϸɲҶƽȻҲʲôֻǲӣȻ֪Ȥֻˡ
ļӴҪ˼ȴô׵£Ϊ˼źܶ˵֧أûȷ֤Ǹ㲻ġ
Ҷƽϣй취ҵһЩ֤ݳȻύίϣǸʱ˭û˼ˡҶƽĻϣȻԸãҲأ˼һλЩлߵƾ϶Ըлߵ顣
ҶƽҲý˼ҴλΪ˼ϵǳҪкܴڵǰ֮£ĳίʲôͻһлҪԺгȶΪ
Ȼ޷Ȱ˼ҴλϣֻŰ취ȥ˼ңһֻܵġ鹤ȻأֻܺԭһѼһЩԣһûµ
ϣΪʱڷһ°һǸͽһ̻ΧŹ·ӰܻؽӱѸưץͽ
칫һҶƽҶƽһ°ǸеݵΰôһΰǹֳŸίϲ
һ룬ҶƽŸ˽˹һĴ˽ӵ칫绰󣬱İ칫ҡ
һǣҶƽǰӷŸ˱棬ʾһΪҵѪͽѾץ񣬻׷С
ŸĻ֮Ҷƽ˵ͽûʲô
Ÿһ˵û˵ʲô
Ҷƽ˵ûʲôЩڹ컯֮£ֹԼҵ֣ĿŵΪһСΪ˵ûʲô˭ţǰ참Ӳֻ£Ҫڣһûʲô⣬ҪӸϽ⣬˵ӳˣѰ˾ˣְƵĺܣѲ˶Խǰⷢԭҳǹص㡣еΰΪһģǺ㣬һҪ߶ΰ취һΥӣرŻֻǵᰲȫҪԴ˴ΰΪΰκá
ҶƽŸһ٣Ϊˣΰ浱ȻźܴķȨŸҲֻܵͷ˵ֻҶƽ̬Ҷǣͷ븻ֳһ£óһĿץΰ
Ҷƽһ۵һҪԣҪ֮ĻǶǿյģץԼĶ飬üӰİӲģҪҪá
Ÿ˶ӦҶƽ̬ȻԣˡˣҶƽȴ˼νǸˣȻùάأ
˸뿪Լİ칫ңƿǹһ飬˵ίſ˺ԩϷãΪոշǸӵ¡
Ҷƽʣƿôһ¡ƿǸ˵ϷõǸ̻ļǹ湫ֵģ˵ֵһǾ죬ڻӣ˵ְӾɱˣ˹Ϸõġ
һȻŸ㱨ʱȴ˿ûἰ£ʱʮջ
Ҷƽƿȥ˽ԭԭ˽ٹƿӦȥ
Ҫ˵²ƿܣƿ֮ǰߣϵһЩȽ˽⣬Ϸõ˱ȽϿҲǶ֮ģǴһЩȻ󱨸ҶƽܲܰǡҶƽ֮Ȼܹע̻ͷϸϷõܺ߼˽Ȼ󰲸ǡ
˽⣬ƿľ˽ˡԭͷ̻ͻľӵľ죬ԭǾ죬ֻϵһС죬ڵźܴǲ֪ôͽ˹飬Ϊһʽĸɾ
һʽɾ֮Ѹͣ¢ǵһЩ⡣̻ΪĻչڼβȰ֮֡
Ҷƽһ˽󣬱֪⹫ĽһʲôˣһСȻܻȥôģҶƽŸлһ٣һ룬ʹŸҲ⣬ϣһ飬һ浽ʲô
ھӣҲûжҶƽ̸Ÿһ绰ܺ߼ί֣ѸٽԱץ񣬷ֳͲҪˡ
ҶƽŸȻû·ҹ֯Աץһץ©ֻץһ永ԱȻûбץΪڹߣץȻǲס
ץˣŸٺܴѹ˵ûץ죬Ҷƽһ٣ûҪɵĻϾ˵ֳˣһֱӽĹְֳġ
ٳץҶƽоԽԽأһ룬оץרͨ籨ŵģŸûܵľʵʩץ
˼һҶƽŸⲿӣ֮ڽץץˣǾ̴ְɡ
ҶƽĻһǶģŸܲˣæ֯չ֮֯ϣ˹֣˵ҶǵָʾϹʲôҪæġ
ί쵼սŸȻ֪ζʲôץסǲܰݵģҲǷǳżί쵼Щս񾯿϶Ҳ˼ˣͨ籨ţίҪˡ
ϣսȻҲ˽һץ֮ѸнӴ˽˼һ쵽һʲô
ҶƽԹ£Ÿ·ȫưеһｫץ񣬶ץʱɱ˵ľȻŮˣĺܡ


1149 ýļල
ھĲ֮£ɱ˵ľڱץѺݡڹ˵ֻһӣǶϣ˵ȴһҪ񣬾Ҫλ뵽ȥġ
ϣ򵥵켸仰ȽŲԸشϣ⣬ҲҪưϣûа취ֻʱѶʣתȥԴͷ𣬿һλõġ
ϣ̿չֱȥĵһǵˣԭαһٵѧȻͨ־쵼ǩ֣־˼ҵǩ֣ö֮ؽ˹顣빫ƦԲģžݼΪ˺ܴΣֱ˴ΰ
ڴʱý忪ʼӣһ죬Ȼýע⣬ͬʱҲ˹ȺڵĹע֮£öй˽ýߵĲɷãйֲȡߣǣ԰참Ϊɾܾܲɷá
ЩһйֲԸǣȻʮջΪ֮ǰҶƽйҪŶԴҪȷ̬ȣýලý߽ѡЩҲ֪ҶƽǱ㷴ӳίȥί绰
һλýļҶƽйֱӸҶƽ绰ӳ飬绰ƿӵģ֮߱󣬱˵ԼҶǵѣҶǡ
ƿæҶƽҶƽһýߵ֣һýפݵһߣߵϵҶƽǷǳӵģæѵ绰˹
˵绰֮Ҷƽ飬һ룬߲Ҫżһ²ɷõ
µ绰֮Ҷƽƿǿһ绰Ҫǿͨ绰绰֮ͨҶƽͽǿ߹֣ý֪ȨҪԳֵӣӼȻ˱ˣǾҪʱصϢļලɱˣԲʲôӣʲôǡ
齻ǿǿ̸Ÿ绰תҶƽָʾŸһҶƽȻעˣһʱеǱҶƽˣΪҶƽעˣеơ
Ÿûа취ֻðŹֵƳӴߣԼҪ˽һ°顣ЩǶ԰ӾʲôǲȤˣǶôһ²Ȥ֪һľ
Լߵ⣬ֵƳЩӦӲϾΪľҲǲ֪ڼ׷⣬ôش
ˣƳǰڰӵĻѼҪһ£ʾڵ˽֮ṫ
˽⵽һЩɷ֮ǿʼıڲɷùֵͬʱеļҲɷܺһҡ
ܺһҲ¹ֲܹӣҲ߽нӴһЩü߸ˡ
ıһ̸ֲ˺ܴѹΪǣĽ⣬ν빫飬þΥҼ͵ͳ˴ҹעĽ㡣
ͬʱеļ߻׽һЩϢǾ⼸־ֲ׵ؽʮ죬Щͨˣʲβ룬ɱ˵ľ֮һ
ıȻ䵽Ҷƽİͷϣ򱨵Ҷƽüͷһ룬ϣֽ˹˵һ˵顣
ʱϣڵıΪҶƽҪ飬ڵν빫ģ˽֮Ի빫飬־ֵľֳ˼йأû˵׿ϣǽ벻˹ġ
Ȼڣϳ˸ľǷ빫Ҷƽһ˵ϣҶƽʾô졣
ҶƽĽǣȶ͹ƽ壬һЩȺ֮뵽鵱УԼ߱Ҫȫ͵飬ǣĳ쵼Ϲ˭Ҫȥ
Ҷƽ仰ϣǰ־ֳ˼ҿǣµҶƽҶƽһһ룬ָʾȴ־־֣һûʲôҿһҪúõһˣⷽ¹򡣡
Ҷƽôһ˵ϣˣҶƽҪԹ鶯һžɱ˵һЩ£Ź£ӷǷˣûʲôĴ
ӵҶƽϣ̿չԭֻܵؽе˽ҶƽָʾͱӰ죬ǿֱӿչˡ
־ֵľֳʱûʶʲôΣգֻǸоһЩѹΪý岻Ⱦɱ˵£Ͻ񾯣ǾǩֽĹ飬˼ҵˣ빫˼Ҳǩֵģ˼еʵǱȽǿģΪүӵıӻ˼ұ˾ͻƽ飬صԼʲô¡
Ȼ˵ǰƣҲ˽⵽ݸ߲ڵ˼ҴʱѳΪҶƽҪĶ󣬶ΪǸͻƿڡ
ýƪ֮У־ֵľֳѹעڰӵƻ棬ûȥ⣬빫鲻һСѣؼǰӵƻҪ⡣
û뵽ǣС쵼עˣǾǴ⣬СⲻǿⱾ˭ע⣬Ҷע϶Ǵ⣬Ǵ쵼ע⣬ǿ϶ҲǴ⡣
ҶƽڹעˣԴȴǷӦٶۣڼߵıҲû̫⣬ϣǰ֮ǰûȥ˼ȥӦ顣
־ֵľֳΪʱмίԱ־֣˵Ҫмίϵһ飬ȥȥͻ
־ֵḻֳ̌һæʲô¡ίԱǷίҪ쵼ָʾģϣҪʲôԥϸǹȥ
־ֵľֳ֮̽ǰûκףҿȥҪ˫Ҫ˫ôֻ˹ٵ˹Լ
˫ĻԷֲʲô£еǳţһʱɹġ
־ֵľֳһ룬ǲҪʰһ¶ȥίԱ͸ãֻȥϵһ飬Ҫʲôǡ
һίĹԱ˵̿һЩЦһЦίˡ


1150 Ҫ
ɱ˾ν빫⣬ϣ־ֵľֳ־ֵľֳίʱͷʮ򶨵ģϣѶȵļӴ־ֳðˡ
ɱ˾֮Ի빫飬ȻǷۣ϶һЩ˵ĵطȻϣʣ־ֵľֳʾԼֻǩ֣ǲ֪飬ԼһʱƭûκεĹϵϣѶȵļӴòϣԼ֮Իǩ֣һϰйء
ϰݣҲ˵һϴҵ־ֵľֳȻɱ˾Ūȥġ
ǽŹ־־ֳǩǲеģΪûб֮Ȩϣ־־ֳصַ˼ҵǩ档ϣѶ־ֵľֳһʱ˳ĬʾԼ̫˼ǩֵ£û˼˵ʲô⣬Ӧȥ˼ҡ
Ĺ־ֵľֳ뱣˼ңΪ֪˼ϺϴҲǣ˼Ŀɽ˵˲˼ҵĻôҲǺΣˡ
־ֵľֳֳĬϣ֪ݣ鸴أ־ָĻƱͻƲ˼ҵ⡣Ȼֲ־־ֳľ⣬ֻʻûʲô֤ݡϴϰ彭ḻ˽Ҳ˽ⲻʲôô죿
ϣǰ죬ʱҪݾߣȲҪɣҪ־־ֳľ⣬Ȳ־ֳڶ쳣빫⣬⣬
ϣתʲԣȥ˼йص⣬ûаճ빫Ա⡣һ⣬־ֵľֳԵúܲȻ⣬ֻΪԼ⣬ʾһжǰسߵģûʲô⡣
ǵϣص֤óʱǱóĬˡ֮ǰϣѾ֯²õصĲϣ빫ģûоʲôпĳ
ϣʣ־־ֱֳ˳ĬЩԱȻǾ֮ǩֵģǺö඼˼Ұģ˼ƣֻԼϣҲ㲻鵽˭ֻ־ֵľֳʩѹ
ѹ֮£־ֵľֳֻܰԼΪϣûеľ⣬ЩΣ˼ҽġ̬ȣϣҲûٶ׷ʣʵˣ㽫˳ȥ
õ־־ֳĹϣϣȥҶƽ㱨Ҷƽȡı֮һ룬Ĺصͷ־ֵľֳϣزϵ⡣
ҶƽһϣͷӦžҶƽʾǷҪȽ־־ְֳõһЩ
Ҷƽһ£еϣĵ鱨潻ȻʾҪί־ֵľְְֳ֮顣
ϣγһݵ鱨棬Ҷƽһǩָ־־ֳΥ¹ɣԱ빫飬ʮҪΣҪίְ
ʾֱ´ﵽίİͷϣһʾüͷҶƽȻʾҪ־ֵľְֳδ
һ룬˼ҽ˹һ顣˼һʾȻǳһ־־ֳίߵȻ֪ˣ־ֳԺҲȥˣҪ̸˼ίԼλشģ־ֳܽûйеǳ⣬ȴҪˡ
ǣͬ־һͬ־ոɱ˰ھҪЩʰ˼ұΪ־ֳ˵顣
˵ͷ˵Ҳǿǵˣ˵£Ƕɵģȫǵľһֱ㣬ÿɼĹԱҲģҶҪǲ鴦ȥְʲô취
Ļ˼ҵҶʩѹҿȥ͵Ĺ־ְֳֻǵһһʧˣһˡ
̧ͷһ˵ô
˼ҵϲ֪ȫǼίԼڵ飬ҶȴҪȥ͵ְ񣬿϶ΪͻŸ⣬ȥְýе飬ǲǻε⣬ڲö֪Ҳûʲô⣬ҲˣҲпܻ᷸ΪһﵽͷϣйԱ˷ѵҪﵽ֯ŵͷ𣿡
˼ҵ÷ǳãȻ͵ؿһۣһ˵ҪȽʾһţҶ˵һ£ܹܲء
˼̵˵ͷüί͵ĿĿ϶ģͳ±飬ǳȻһʱŪ
һͣΪ˵ҲԼĹԱ£ӰҲǲãԴҶƽѾ˼ˣϽڳ⡣
ҶƽûϵΪʹĻҲڹǾ˵ҲѹϣԼͨ
ίĿһֱΪίǣȻԽԽеѹȻηҶƽȨͷܲһЩѹҲҪһԼѹ
Ҷƽ칫ҵʱһƽҶƽԲʲôҪͷҪҶƽ̸һ̸ȡ͡
ҶƽʱվӭܸߵˡЦЦȻҶƽҶǣʾѾˣ˼ͬ־Ϊҽ˵⣬ȫ͵ϣ͸ո˰ȴҪְǲǲ̫ˣ
˵飬Ҷƽ˿˵ɱ˵ľܵ۵Ĺעν빫ǳȤǲһۻƽϢΪƽϢۣ˵һ־ֵľֳʹʲôгҲҪ
⻰һ˵еɫ䣬Ҷƽǲǻ˼ҺͳԣȻô˵ʲôгЩ̫ˡ
һʱеѹǳ󣬱õ˵ǾȻеһôҲòˣҶƽᵽ⣬ǾͲҪᵽʲôˣΪƽϢҪ⻹ʲô˵ģ


1151 Ե
ԭΪҶƽһȥװ׾ģú۸һҶƽ⻰֪˼ҶƽλӣǾԲΪſɽģҲһҳҴͽ۸۸ġ
Ҷƽ˵һǱҪףһˣ֮ǰֱʲôĳͻԹ˵飬Ҫǲ֪ѶˣԺԼָʾûʲôˡ
ҶƽȷҪҪԼҪȥԼҪȥٷı仯ίǾͻָܵȻԼĿɽҶƽô۵ѹ£жĿɽҲʲôá
ҶƽǿҪеһַǳصѹѹֿܵ˵ģʲôǧҪǣΣΪһǣǾǲ˵־ΪתƵˡɾһΣκ˶СӣƱҪܵͷһߣκ˶á
һ룬˵Ҷǣܵôһֻǽְ𣿡
Ҷƽ֪̽Լ뿴һôְºٸ͸ְˣҪ֣ôͻϾˡ
Ҷƽһһ̫˵Ҫһ飬Ŀǰ˵ҪְΪϺÿһЩԿְ
ҶƽĻоӦû꣬͵ְҲʹ˽ˡ
Ҷƽİ칫еԼҶƽǰ˵ǽڽڰˣһеҪԭҶƽ˼ͼȻ۵ֲҶƽһǰѱʸԼʲôý̸ᣬԭġ
μһҪñʸӣһҪǹӣҶƽȻûǹӣǱʸȴҪǧټԼһݱ뷨ѱʸץ˳䲻ã˼޷ʶͼ֮ǰ˳ؿ˱ʸӣռһЩλá
ȻֻбʸǲеģȻûǹӣǵҪģҶƽڼͼϼǿϣΪеһȻȻô˳֣Ѿܷˡ
һ뵽Щ飬ǸеҶƽɲ⣬ԭû̫Ҷƽȥᣬһӣʲô󣬵ڿʧˡ
һ뵽ˣЩɥίԺҪصίģһȴȥԺټһԡ
гҶƽľٶȻӰ쵽Ͼг߸ɣҶƽֻһ𣬶ڳĶ֣Ҷƽֱóô˳ͷΨһзҶƽˡ
Եİ칫ң߽ȥǺˣûôĿסԿֻкһ£̸֧
ϰ壬һԽԽǿˣҪҳ־־ֳ͵ְ˵ɱ˵ǸŪģҪ׷ȥ˵飬ˣҪ˵ΪƽϢҪʲôгĶڻ£ҿЩָϰ㰡һ֧̣˵
Ȼ˵Բֱ壬Ҷƽ㵽ʲôгģǲǣҶƽ˵ڣв
һʱ֮˺ܶ࣬쿴һۣȻֵͷҪңô죿
һۣ˵ϰ壬Ҫ㣬ҵȻҪףһˣǣԸ𣿲ڲûֱǣĸɲǸô죿
˵ԶǰӳԱɲؽгһϰ壬ϰӦЩίǺģȻҲίǣίίˣӦͬ־߳гǡΪʾ֮ͬһĹϵһԻǽгΪϰ塣
Ļʵղ֮仰ģҪһڶ̬ȣȻѰһԼĴڸУǿҶƽģȻҶƽûжôѾܵҶƽԽԽǿѹ
Щ²ǳ飬һĹ־ֵľֳȻ£ˣǺαҪȥԶһƵ˵
û뵽Ի˵һ£Ȼ룬˵ϰ壬ͣпǣ˼Ұ˼ҿҲܲ
ԵĿһݣ¶صһЦ˵ôǣ˰ɣ
ûᵽЦݱ˼æС˵ɱ˵ľ֮Ի빫飬˼ҲǩֵģͣȻǣĻͻȫʧˣίǻôȥ
һǱһ£Ȼܶ˼𣿡
µʱŪúѿʹұʱҲˣ
ȴǴһ˵ȲҪܣ˼ԼԻ취ҪǵǴ֣ͳδزһ£ʵûбҪȥҶƽȥ˵飬סİѱˣ
ԵĻⲻˣ˼һģ˼ҳ£ǳȴʾЩ⡣
ʱûԼ⣬˵˼үڣͲòˡ
˵ƺʶʲôԲ͵ĳ£Ҳ˵ʲôˣȻͷȥٿίȽ͸ְ˵
뿪˳Եİ칫ң˼ųԻ˼˼ϵУȴ£Ϊͳǣ˼Ҳûʲô
̬еЩΣᵽүӣȴͻȻЩȻ򣬳˵ҪǴ֣ôʲôӳԵĽǶ־Ҷƽ֮Ĺϵ⣬ֻҪҶƽȨ־ƣͲᵣʲôҪҶƽ־ƣҪйҶƽ
Ҫ֪ѩ֮Ի£ǳԶþĽѩʱǳĿĿһУѱ˷Բɫѩմ󲿷ֹԱ£辶ͨϸɲѩ⵹ڼ䣬Եĸ׳үӺ˼ҸүӶ˺ܴá
ڳǲǻһҶƽҶƽҶ˼֣ƱҪүӣүһŭҶƽүٴԱҶƽǸеѹ
ȻһŪҶƽٻҶƽۣܵӶسԵĴڣһǳЧֶΡ
תһ룬еԵĸ֪֮ΪʲôԼȥ˼ˣԵĿүҶƽֽȻÿҶƽЦƺҶƽĿģȻܸ


1152 
й滮£ҶƽץҲܽɱ鴦Ժڽ滮ֵľȶǿԼѧس뷽໥ϣչȫеĳй滮չľ
Ҷƽ㱨Ҷƽ˽ƵרٴݽơҶƽ֮˵ͷͬ⣬ûãҶƽ鳤ܣȻϵһȥ
гй滮£ҶƽίǣҪȫ̵Ĺҷǳӹ滮˲ڹ滮ôĹ
ԽӵҶƽĵ绰һ£ǴӦˣӦҲûӱܣӱܲȥ滮ԭҲҶƽΪѧִвϸһҶƽ׼רҹһȫƣȻͨ˴ù滮ΪӲԼ
Ҷƽ֮󣬳ԽԽеԼг·ҶƽС࣬Ҷƽʲô¶֣һܵףҪгܿˡԵﵱȻǲģ˭Ҳ뵱ܣ˭Լ˵㣬Ȩص㣬Ȼ˲ܵȨȨôܵȨ
һ뵽Щ飬ԵǳֵÿҶƽʲô鷳ȻҶƽۡ˼ҵϣֵÿҶƽļҲʲôͻȻ֮㱨ʱûгҪ˼ṩʲô
ǿȥҶƽַǳÿΣҶƽɻȥδػҶƽۣڽְ֮Ҷƽûʲôƺһгˡ
Ҷƽѹַŵ˳еĹ滮ԼõĽϣҶƽƺֵһԿһץý裬ǰҶƽʵԽԽǿ򲻶ϻ
й滮ȻһǳԵʵˣǽһʷ£һݵĳзչȻҪҶƽӼˡ
Ҷƽȥרң˼һ£оԼЩǲҪһЩȻҶƽԼܸоԾ
һ룬ͻȻڳй滮Ҷƽ˾֮󣬱һݻС̸Ḷ́˼ȤҶƽеЩ֣Լ飬ѵķ֣ҪԼĹˡ
Ҷƽһ£Ȼе֣ȴãֻҪϣԼʡ˺ܶ£һ룬ǴӸ֮ĹϵһԷʱһ˲پơ
ҶƽԼ׽࣬תһ룬ĻԼҲкôԭһ뵱ǣԸǹѩڵ֮ûܽΣҶƽϵҲãǸԼ
˵ǻ仯ģת˼֮󣬱µ뷨뷨ҪȡٱҶƽ򽻵
ҶƽˣڼҶƽԺҶƽҪ󣬱ˬȻӦڻĵĹ滮ҵ˼Ը⸶ԼŬԸ⿴һЩбҰƻ
ϵ֮Ҷƽִųרȥһ˽ͨûи·⣬һͨⷽûкõķ
ͨ쵼Ҷƽڵ˽ίǵʱǴһǺϤǳеġȻڵطϹϵӣ̸ڣھȦĹϵǳҪʲôѵúܣڿҶƽ벿쵼̸Ц˵һЩ飬ȻǸеЩԱˡ
Ǹطȷȱһٹͨ쵼һǸطǾһƬհףýͨڹϹ滮һٹھͿνظȥ
Ҷƽ뽻ͨ쵼ṩæȻǱṩһеıͨһҶƽĻ֮ǿЦ˵ҶǣǸطϰղΪˮʩɣ
ҶƽһЦҦģֻҪλϰջ֧ǵģֻԲٳˡ
ͨĸҲЦҶƽ֣ҶƽæʾлҲЦݡ
ھǴ˼죬ҶƽûлؼȥһƽԶϵ·ǳգûʱ䣬ƽѩڴݣҲҪؼȥˡ
ӾǻҶƽٿһγй滮飬ڳεı֣ɳȫȨεĳй滮񣬴Ź滮ֺͽֵͬ־һȫнһĹ滮ȷݵĳнܳǰչѧ
ȻܣһٶȴǣΪԵΪôҾãҶƽվһˣƺǱ׵ͷˣⲻܲһִ
רķ˵һ˵£ԴʣԱ͵ӦǶ飬ĻҶƽҪǸձܾ࣬£ģǻڵһ뷨ȲҪʲôøﲻҪһЩ
԰⻰һ˵ƺһЩ֮ԻҪ͹ԼĴڣԴҶƽ֮󣬳Ϊгƺ伣ˣûʲôͻı֣ĻҪԵˣҲʧȥĵģԼӰȻҶƽ⡣
ƺ˱仯Ҫ͸ɣӰȴŷҶƽͻȻеԹǲģǲǼҳүӳⰡ
һ뵽ˣǾǳүӳ⣬үһϵĸ֣׼ġ
ҶƽԳԵһЩΪۻ𣬳ԼϵģһԸԼϣǻӭġѾǳ̳Ĳ񣬶ֵı仯жֽͣȻϣǺõĽͣҲҪֵֹ춯ʲôԵ뷨
̬ȵת϶һĿĺԭȻĿĺԭʲô֪ڳԵֱ仯ȫûз
Ҫǣóϵ̬һּ󣬼ǰǷǳȶģһжƿ֮У־Ը⿴ģҲй滮齻ԭ
ͬʱҲҪԱûԼСҪԳԽһ̽̽ûȫԼָӡ
ץóй滮ͬʱûа˼ҵֻ飬չƽһЩǸԼ̫Ķ棬ĻǾһЩԵ˿Цˡ
Լֻˣñ˵ˣȻֵҲ̫ɵˣþۺеرǶֵһЩ顣
Ҷƽһ룬ûаöָֻ̫ʾϣչȫ飬Ҫ徯˵Ƿ˼ұйأ


1153 һƻ
ϣͱְ֮󣬰Ҷƽָʾ͵е顣ڵι־־ֳ֮ʱȻҲŵλһЩٱǣҿظ͵һЩ顣
Ϊһϼͼ죬ϣǳһλĸɲе飬Ǵһģ鲻ٱº϶ܵĶԷһ£ٱ˲ϼίĵ飬ΪûΣʱ
͵ιֳ꣬ϵӣɱֻӰ쵽;ǲûе̨˼̨Ҫġ
Ȼ֪ڼίڵԸеûʲô⣬лߵЩ˶ǣӦûٱüʹٱϼίҲܰôš
ϣȻڶҲʱûִ˼ȴǸеûʲôֵϣеǳͷʹҪ֪Ҷƽ´øˡ
һˣǿԲȡһЩֶΣֱӽʹߵ飬Ų鲻ϵĶǹֳźǿķ龭飬ǿдʲôǱȽѵģڱһӲɿ϶ǲеģҪȡȡһЩ֤ݺٶ˫档
ڱְǾúģӪȻʱְˣǻźܶÿľƳȻϣһЩСǣнύڿְһύĻᣬһ·Ϊѹ
ЩСԷȾƣͱǷΪûǵЩСһĵزȻֳˣǱ˶֪˼ҹϵУ绹ҪģھڻϵЩġ
һʱ֮䣬ڱְ֮ûгͥһЩͷĺϴҲæ
ЩǰάϵĺϴǣҸоǳĺãֻһ뵽Լְ飬ǸеȽջºҲ֪ˣ֮ԻᱻְΪҶƽָʾԵʣΪ˼˶ǱģҶƽȴǷǵְɡ
˼Һ˵ˣҪҶƽԭҶƽڶίҲ˶ãҶƽͻìͷָ
˼ҵĻ͸еֽ˼ҵУ˼ҳ£û˱ӻˣ£ô죿
һ뵽Լпܱ鴦˼Ҳпܳ£͵Щ飬ڵжãһ죬鴦ˣˣôʲôûˡ˼ôһҲˣһ޷ܵ顣
뵽˼һֱԼЯ͸еԼûʲô˼ҵģǹؼʱڣһ飬֧һ˼ң
͵˼֮ʱ뵽ЩϾǸ飬ֳ￪ʼֳζԸҶƽ뷨
ҶƽʡίίίǣȫһϵĴڣȻ֪ԼҶƽ˵һСɫҪҶƽԿѰ·ѵľûС
˼ߣҲ֪˺ܶйһЩ飬֪ҶƽԴӽǱߵ֮󣬱뱾عٳвϣúܶ˲ĸ߲쵼Ҳ϶ȻһЩõݹٳ֧֡
ԼĥĥȥͻȻһµ뷨ԸǣˣԼ¡Ҷƽˣ޷ʲô飬ҶƽеһЩ£Ҷƽ˵
¹ô֪꣬һЩôһ뷨ҪҶƽһ
һЩʱգʱϣĵԽԽоˣȻÿȻǻƵأЩǾۻᣬȴǿ־ġ
еԼʵƻˣȻоƻЩ񣬵ʵУֺܣΪͻˣʼջ֮ȥڵѹͷ޷ȥ
һִʹʵ뷨ͷȥ˱֮ǰһֱӴϵһڵСͷĿһֱֳԭʱһֱнύûиһĻᡣ
һְִенģȻԼܾǧ֮⣬˲ϵŲٵˣĺϴͬ¶һЩѵصĸԱˣһ֯Ժͼԡ
Ӻ֯Ǳ׼ǺŻҪˣڲҪЩΪ˱ȽϿɿʵʩƻĻ뷨ֻθµ⣬Լ˻᲻ɵ⡣
Ҷƽһ죬ص˼ƽѩѾصУ󣬱߹ӭӡƽѩԽԽзˣԴҶƽһҪԭھʱҪõĶࡣ
ʡ繫˾ȥϰ࣬ƽʱĹҲжæƽѩ׼ʱؼΪҶƽҶƽʡɲƽʱӦ굱Ȼǲ٣ǻƵˣǲҪϯӦȥ
ȥӦ꣬һزˣھҲһķѣ˾֮ʮСʱָܻ֮ȵڶ죬ǲôãΪԼľӦĴ
Ҷƽ׼ʱؼңƽѩﵱȻҲʮָˣ֮һԷڣҸڴ쵼ɲ˵ȴټھ֮ϣȵ÷ޱһּ尾
ҶƽڹϾͺٴҲҪھתҪΧźתѧϰ˼ܰѹáҶƽһ˵ЩиɲڰмҶƽ˵ţһʡɲš
⻰Ҷƽģ˭Ҳֻ潲ʹƿ⻰֮ҲֻһЦ֮ûиҶƽֻǲҪҶƽĺá
ҶƽصкҲһЩյģ˴һ𣬻߿ϢһʲôģһЩɲ
һʼҶƽûľܾǽţΪҪʶһЩɲԼһ£˽ɲҲкôġ
ĸɲһɲԼһЩίЩ˶ݵĹٳǸɣҲҪ˽ĶˣԼҪЦӭġ
ǲЦӭˣǵһһȻһֻͶãֻֻˡ


1154 Ҷ
Ҷƽƽѩ˶Ҫʱȥϰ࣬ҶζñķȥѧұķῪ˶Ǳķŵ綯гȥСҶȥѧ˵ҶţҶ᯼δ绰ƽѩһɿչ˺ҶΣҶγʲôΣա
ԴˣƽѩЩĶҶƽȴǾûкǸҪǬѣѵҪҶβɣֲִ̣ĶӣԱûٰͬרչҶεĳѧˡ
죬ķһҶ뿪ʡίԺǰһСȥѧ˰·ҶҲǵƤҪ³Լȥԣķûа취ֻͣ³ӣȥԡ
Ҷ³ıȥԵģԵģȥķĵ綯ϣ֮ȴԼһ·ˡķûа취ֻøں棬š
ԼķӣһɫĽγٳ˹ͣҶ·ĵطûȱķŪô£ӳһˣһѱסҶΣȻǿнҶڣȻѸټ۶ȥ
ʱֻж̶̵ļӣһֱںıķûзӦȵӶʻȥʱŴؽʱѾһƧĳе·Ӵˡ
ķҶߵ·һǱȽƧ·Σ·ԱȽϡ٣Ҳ٣ֻҪ·ΣҪһСˣ˱ķûʶʲôΣգҶҶƽĶӣҶƽĶӻʲôΣգ
ǽû뵽Ȼ飬ñķһʱûзӦȷӦȵʱ򣬱Ҳǲ֪ô£·Աϡ٣Ҳûע⵽顣
ķھ֮࣬æ绰ƽѩƽѩʱҲǸոյԼĵλûü¡ӵķĵ绰ҲûŪ˵ЩʲôһϢȷģǾҶγΣˡķţﶼˣӱķУҶӦ˸ˣΪʲôܣԭʲôڶ֪
ƽѩֻһʱҶƽʱҶƽԼİ칫鳤ܻ㱨һĹճ̣һλҪݣ׼ȥӼ
һӵ绰ıһûжɫֻǶ˵鳤еҪȥ߳гӼһǸˣʱͲˣȥš
ܿҶƽһۣ֪ΪʲôͻȻ仯ҪҶƽת˳ȥȵһߣҶƽæƽѩϸһ飬ƽѩȷҶƽǵĶ˸ˡ
ҶƽϵļѸٵ˼£Ź컯֮»˸ҰĶӣ˼һ£ŶԷӵĿģһжϡ
ƽѩѾȥʲôжϣҪϾȳԼĶӣȥжϣǵô⡣
ƽѩżڶӣҶƽҪ¶Ӱ죬Լ˰ӵĿģΪƣԷ϶绰ǮˣΪ˲ƣΪ˱Ҫǵ˭뱨
ƽѩѾȫʧأҶƽֻ취ԼĶӸȳҶƽοƽѩ䣬ǹ˵绰ȻʼǵҪҪֵĸ˽йȻһô죿
ԷĶǲ¾ϸô죬ĿǰҪ֤ҶεİȫֲȷҶεİȫˣһʲôãܲ鵽Էȥ
Ҷƽ뵽һżҶεİȫһȴҪע⵽¶ԼϵӰ죬ǲ۰ԼĶӣǾԼܻšһҲûãԼˣѴ¸÷зƱػԼһϴӰ졣
Ƶǣ˭ôԼĶ£ʲôûϵĿģϾһԱѧ·ԼĶӣ˵ԷȲ߻õģƵİӣܰһʱѪȶһĵıǲɹģ˶ԷܿѶҶΣֻѡڽ춯ˡ
ҶƽеЩԷΪΪ˲ƣԷӦ֪µΣԣԼίǣȻóȥԼĶӣҪ֪ԼǮûǮԼʲô󸻺һ߹٣һе٣ǮѶǰ˵ģʱʹߣҲҪԷǸʱʲôǮ
Ҷƽһ룬ǸеԷҶεĶӦƶܿűζһ뵽⣬ҶƽԺӰ᲻СԼѿȻ߻εж
һ뵽ҶƽﲻһĿϣоͷһǦ¸ô죿
Ҷƽûжǲ뼱ھȳҶΣҪȴŶԷĵ绰һƶôһ绰ǱĿģͻ鷳ˡ
뵽Ҷƽʵǳסˣæ뿪칫ңƿȻǰй֣ȥŸ
·ϣƿŸȥһ绰ŸһҶƽҪ֣һʱٴУҪ׼ɨʲôģǻûдɨ꣬ҶƽѾˡ
ҶƽȻ˵ȥֱֵ¥Ÿİ칫ҡҶƽŸĵһ仰ʵŵͬ־
Ÿԣæȥоּ֧ӣҶƽҲ˵֧ӣ֧ӵ֧ӳ˵ϸҵȡһμأ
֧ӵ֧ӳ֪ҶƽҪʲôأҶƽһ˵ֻüæȥ豸ȥȡҶƽҪļȻҶαߵǶμƵ
źǣҶƽָһ·ʱ֧ӳȴǸһ·ûаװƵء
Ҷƽһջˣ˵ûиΪʲô¼ؿհף
֧ӳŸæ˵Ҷǣʽ㣬ȫ·ζװ˼ء
鲻·ļأ޷ȷҶΣҶƽе֪·ûмأѡ֣ĻôȻбһʮֽƻĶ֡
Ҷһ·һ˴ߣһҪܣϵһ飬һʲô˴ҶӣҶƽһ룬ֻŸ˵ʵ飬Ȼ˵ʵɲӰ졣
Ÿһûг벻ҶƽĶ˸ˣֲżء
Ҷƽһ˵꣬ŸеȫڽţæȡȫеļɵĳѲ·ɳͬʱסеĸ·ڣһһŲɳ
һŸҪһһеɳҪ·ҶƽһȻ飬ΪôĻԷ·ӣܻܿṷǽҶβֻҪԷжһ绰ʹζҲӦ绰ɣ


1155 ȫǷ
ҶƽȫǷ̫꣬𶯣ŸãҶƽĺӳʲô⣬йֳǲҪˣҪ׷ΣҶƽĻ֮ǸеΪѣ黹Ҫסе·ڽһһŲ顣
ҶƽȴͬģҶε˾ûԤıҲ˵ԼӵӦǳ˽⣬򲻻ôȷȻ˽ԼҲӦ뵽ԼڳºȡĶԲߣʹȫǷδܲҵҶΡ
ȻӣǷ˵ᵼҶηΣգһ˵ŸûмԼǰҶεİȫҪģȫǷڱҶεΣգôͲô
ҶƽȻ裬ҶƽӦûдҶƽȥǳ侲ûһ˿ŵӣЩˣ£˵еΰûá
Ҷƽ侲ش⣬ûŸǰֳ̫żӣʼŶԷʱ绰ֻнӵԷĵ绰ܳжϳԷʲôԼһҪȡĶԲߣԷһֱ绰Ǿ˵ҶηǳΣˡ
ҶƽֻŸв쿴ķչȡأݱķҿɳʵеڽʽհӵķչ
ҶƽֵͬʱƽѩѾ绰ҶᯡҶһҶγˣļ٣ϵƽԶһϢ߸ƽԶƽԶ취¡
ƽԶһҲǽôᷢ飬Ҷƽȫʵ̫ˣǺãƽԶһ룬һ绰뿴һûʲô취
һƽԶ£ǵȻʮֵӣʾɳרҵרǰݸƴ˰ĻƽԶҲֻˣݵ϶粿ɳרȥڿչӪҶΡ
绰ƽԶҶƽȥһ绰Ҷƽһӵĵ绰֪ƽѩƽԶˣ˵ʵڵģ뾪ƽԶƽԶ֪ˣƽԶһ£һ
ƽԶڻհ˵ǸеżǼҲûãֻøҶƽ˵רϾ͵
һ˵רҶˣҶƽеЩˣŪǷ꣬ڿŪǷҲˣϾԼĺӵҪȥӰˡ
ڰĵСʱ칤ĸУһݣûʡ쵼кֱϵҶƽҶƽʱȻйֳȴ
гҲŸҲˣһҲǳһʹҶƽ֮ʲô϶ǳ飬ҲǱҪһ£һġ
Ҷƽһ£ǴкˡȻ߹οһҶǣ˰ɣ
ȻʻҲֹ֮⣬Ҷƽһͷ˵Ŀǰǲʼûд绰ԽԽţæģҺ͸ͬ־߿žˡ
Ҷƽ˵һ£ȴǲ뿪ô£ñֳ֮⡣ŸַԸ˼䣬ټȫеר飬רһӪС飬鳤ȫЭӵĽչ
ίʱӵ֪ͨҲѾԱҶƽǵˣƲҶƽо⡣
Ҷƽһ鵽ֵزҲȥ˵ʲôˣøŸʩѹ°ӵƳʲôʧ
Ÿһ£ûҪȡȫǷֶΣʩһѹ÷ӵĵӱԽԽȻܻҶεİȫһӰ죬ΪͬҲҶεΣա
ҶƽҶƽʼռҪڽӵ˵绰֮ٷԲߣȡжŸΪѵĵطǴΪŸеΪѣϲѹ
ǳİҪȫǽзزð뿪УȷӳУʹԷ˵绰ҲԿˡ
ڳԵľ£Ÿ´ȫнзһʱ֮ȫоҪ·ȫ侯ؾԱֵأǴӳȥĳȫм顣ݳǵնʱ
ͻȻݳȫзʡί칫Ա̴绰ʡ˽һô¡ʡ쵼ӵ绰Ժ󣬱Ǹе֣æŸ绰˽
Ÿʱʡ쵼˵һί쵼С¼ڽе飬ųɳ
һ˽ʡҲ֪飬ʡίǰɽʡ֪ˣһ룬ǸҶƽȥһ绰ʾοʣҰʡЭư
Ū˾֪ˣҶƽԸ⿴飬ϣĵؽ£뵽˴绰ţøŵ鱨顣
һ룬ˣŵ鱨Ѽ鱨ư°ǹרҵһЩҪ֧֣ŻһƣڹļҲǷǳˣûбҪȥҸš
ȫǷִԺ󣬳ԸҶƽȫǷϢҲֻĬϣȻǳԾģ˵ʲôȻѾزֻˡ
ҲȫǽзͬʱרҷɵݻֱҶƽϵһӵĵ绰Ҷƽڻһ£˹ȥǡ
Ҷƽ绰̰Ÿ˹ˣȥӣͬʱѹ쵼ʡ쵼
Ÿһ쵼ˣʱһ֪ʱҪʲôҶƽĻϰȥӻͬʱѵ绰ʡ
ʡ׶ӵŸĵ绰ҲǳһϵȻȥӭӣŸҪǰӣûа취ǰȥӻ
׶ϵԺ󣬱Ǽ˸׶Ҵǰһʣޱ飬˵ȥо֡
׶еЩ֣ǲҵϰžһ·оּ۶ȥ·ϣ׶һʸ⡣ʱ򸱲Ű˵ˣ˵Ҫƻһ֪ܰ鲻֪顣
׶һ˵飬뵽Ҷƽӱܵ飬ѿڶ˵ոշһشܰܵĶίһ쵼ĺӣڽȫǷˣ


1156 ȫ
׶ѻһ˵ȴûκֱ֮һйֳʻȥй֣ԳԸĵͬеЩԾ֪벿쵼ιˡ
Ҷƽ֪Ҳǳ档Ҷƽ֮󣬸Ҷƽ֣ʾο֮⡣Ĵ쵼йնʱӽ˸е͸
֮ȡ˳Ե˵Ĺ㱨һʵǰӵԼȫǷԾǴһ£˵ʱԵñǳУΪ֮ݡ
ȫǷݳǶǽģǼʹҲûвҳ֮󣬺רһһŷﶯͷΪķͼ̻˵
ȻӦȵԤıͺǿķ򲻻ʱȻûд绰ȡҪĶȻҲ뵽˻᲻ͯǾΪǵĹԷƵ㾫ɣҶԷжĿȷĿʽطΪ
ʹҽ˷ΪȻһܰҪΧﶯͷΪϽзΪ¹Ҷƽ˶ģܵĿ޷ƻҪЮųαͼͨ쵼ɲĺﵽǲɸ˵Ŀģùֵͬ־ҲҪ룬Էûζ
һҸеӸӸ˸е˷룬޷յжϡҶƽʼձ侲ƽѩʱڼҶ᯵֪ҲǷ˹֮ǰο
ҶƽһֱڵȴŶֵĵ绰ǰܰĹɣȻʵڽͲͨΪʲôҪڳٳٲ绰һֲõУѵҶѾ£˵ǿȫǷоܻ¶Ҵ˵绰ˣ
ҶƽʱЩڰŸ÷ǳĴ󣬵ŸҲ֪Ϊƽѩ˼ˡ
Ҷƽʱľ˼㣬û뵽ᷢԼϣ֪ͲƽѩԼˣ߲ط˵ʲôˣҲѾעҶξҪд˽ѡ
ææµµչưȻһͷĲӬйּеľ˳ȥҪǽȫλŲ飬÷¶
Ҷƽ˽֮ʱҶƽͻȻһ绰ƽѩģڵ绰˷ܵظҶƽ˵Ҷθ˵绰
һϢҶƽĶ䶼ǲǰôģƽѩȴ˵ǣֻҶһ˵˵һط֪ڹõ绰ͤĵ绰
һҶƽæ򸱲б棬һ˷ԱҶδ绰ĵ绰ӣ绰ĵصˣеһ
֪æеؾΧطһҪ֤ҶεİȫϣץˣڻҶǷȫ绰ǲǷ˹ģеĶʮֲڷڵһλıǱ֤Ҷεİȫ
ԱҲȫϵֳûҶƽȥΪҶƽǵˣǼˣҶƽȥˣӰ쵽ֳӪȵڼźϢȻҶƽûҪԼ쵼ɲֲͨļҳʹȥֳҲʲôʧص
˵ֳԺ󣬴ʱеؾѾΧԲһĵطȻؾĽӽõ绰ͤһֳĶؾõ绰ͤ˹۲죬ֻҶãȻվĴţû̫¼
ؾҲ˹ʱ̾ΧȺһû˸еɵĵط۲һûзֻɵĵطЩؾûȡָʾ
˺ܿϵֳ֪ҶȻվû˵ֱҶȥһ˹ȥȻҲǸ˹ȥ˵ĻʲôΣգѸҪԹȥȴһڻؾ˵ʲôΣգ
˲֪˴ιרӪҶεģҶνǰôܲ߹ȥٵ񣿴ûͷ԰
Ҷڴ绰󣬾վԭزѾӸղŵľаѳشԭزȴƽѩ
ǽȴǹһȺˣȴǽΪǻ˹ץءæܹȥΣְֵѣ衣
ҶͣסŲͷٵĸǳͰ߹ȥס֣˵ץ˵ģûǶǾ죬һȥɡ
Ҷο˿˵أΪʲôû
ھʹȥ裬ڼ
רҵֳһҶΣһܲץסʲôѷ˸ץסǸȴûдӦǸҪȽӴȥ鶼ǴҪġ
ԻҶλȥȻȼҶƽҶƽһԼƽ£ȻǷǳˣȴǲΪʲô
Ҷƽ͸һҶεһЩҶҶƽǰѰʱ˳
ҶԼЩ˸ץ֮ǳһѧˣһǵķԸҲޡ͸оһֱڳϣ۾Ҳˣ֪˶೤ʱ䣬˳Ȼһط
ֹ֪˶ʱ䣬˹Ȼ˳˲֪೤ʱ䣬Ͱһ۱ǿ˺֣֪ô£ϴһᣬ뵽绰ӡ
ҶεҶƽ͸԰˵ΪǸеǳ֣֪˷ôľѵΪ˶ΪʲôûҪΪʲôûжҶβ˺ǰ˺ˣҪˣأ
Ҷƽ˰˼⣬ҶƽˣԴ˵һʤϷǳ˷ܣоԼһش񡣳ԵҲǹοҶΣֳЦݡ
ҵŬûа׷ѣȴ֪Ҷֻƽ£ǵĹû̫ϵǰԶͷҶΣǶ԰˵һ֪
ƽѩҲҶΣʹʧҶ᯿ҲǽӵҶΣһ˴£˵ġ
Ҷ᯵ҶλؾǣѧҲҪˣϻؾǺúðһ£ҶѹѹƽѩҲֻøŻȥҶƽ֪Ҳûа취ȥˡ
ȻҶλؾˣǸȴûлȥΪԼûȫɣô󶯾˵涼ûмǾ̫ʧܣ̫ûˣڱҪɵǣһҪץסﵨΪİˣ


1157 
ӳɹӳ˵ħצǰȴûмӰҺǰųģⱳĶ˸еǳ˷ˡ
ںӻԺ󣬱רӣҶƽʱǸӣȻйʱԼľǳĺãȴǸеҪƵģûȥư⣬ǻȥϢˡ
صҶƽֻصεһеţɳϣ۾Ž췢һϸڣһЩͷŪԼĺγµģԼƽġ
Ҷƽ۾飬ԣ˴ԼӰܵ¼һı¼ԲʵʩķȻ˷Ϊ𰸼ҲпֻһͯķǺִˣԾͽӷųˡ
Ҷƽȴǲ˵ΪʹǹͯķҲ֪ȫǷΪ˲鴦𰸼֪ҶԼĶӣηˡ
ĿмɣҪ֪ʱ˷ַʮ־׼˵Էȿ϶Ǿ˲߻򲻿ô̵ʱڽҶθֱߡ
ԼĶѾʮˣ֪ԼסԼ˭˭ȥôĺӣԲϳжһͯķǲȷģԷ԰ΪĿģŷӵĻ
Ҷƽᶨһܰ˲һҪڽӵ˵绰ʱȡжڴ֮ǰжֻܽУȻݾߡźǣԱΪ˱ֳھԼӵ̬ȣʵȫǷŪǷ֪꣬ݳǷʲô£ֱʦڣЩģ
Ʋ֮ϾͻΪ˾ίǵĶӣȫǽϣϰյĺӱˣԶȻǲġ
һֱҪȫǷҪԭ򣬻ϲĺȻڳҪȫǷʱûֹһ뵽ˣǸеԼûоȻסһеѹԼʧ֮ʣʹ侲Ҳпסʱ
ڲȥʲôӰˣҪǣ˭߻ܰ˭ڰĶӣ߶ԷƣǷѱȽϴ֮ˣ
һз·пܣΪܰĿж֣ȷһ֡˵ҲпһԻĹԱľ¼ңùġ
ֿԶеģҶƽڤڤ֮ие𰸼Լİһ򵥵ưΪԷƵĻôԷضһ׼֮ͽƲõ¿϶ԼӲ
ƵĻͽӦ绰ǮƲǣ·ĸСʱ֮Ͱ˸ˡԷŴѵʱ绰ǮƣĸСʱ֮ڣԷûⷽҪ󣬶ֻǴҶζȦӣȻһʱ䣬žͰ˷ˣȫûƵͼ
ȫǷȻԶǲѹʹǷͼҲпܵǶɱҶβΪĿĵķȽ˲߻ǲ׷ģȫǷδػᾪǣǲΪǵġ
ЩҶƽеⲢһĿĵİ̫ܰˣûд绰û˺ԼӣƺһϷڵⳡϷ·һ磬Ūһǽˡ
Ҷƽ뵽һݣԺĳͷһĻûпأ
Ҷƽɵسȥ룬ȻеЩЦŪôһһ磬
ҼʹǶ磬ҲҪ米ĿģԷƣκεҪڰʰĸСʱ֮ʲôҲûͷųˣ˵ԷڴӰܰеõʲôͨ߻ʲôϢ
ôϢʲôҶƽԽԽеܰԼģҷ¼ҲԲżȻģһıȻԡĻôʹһֿԣǾ˶ݵִ
֮⣬û뵽ʲô𣬷Ķ޷ǼҪأҪôƣҪô飬Ҫô𣬶ΪͲġӸ˽Ƕƶ˽Ҳ˽𣬶ΪһԱ˵ȴΪڹе˶
Ҷƽ϶¼Ӧأݹѹĸ£뱾عٳΪЭûκε֮⣬ڴ˹̵ȻһЩˣЩ᲻ȡּ˵ֶΣ
ҶƽͻȻⷽһ룬ʱеһֻȻ֮УоƺץıʣȻж𰸼пǹģƻİôпһαİⱳܿŸ֧֣˴־
ҶƽȻ۾վߵǰԶķ羰Ҫپһһжǲȷģһݱعٳ˵һ˺ôȻǷǳصģ˵ݹٳ⼫Ѿ˲ʰĵزˡ
ݹٳֻṩһǾʵʩɲУô˭飿
ȻӦгˣûĳǿ϶Ű취һᵽĳҶƽȴһʱ벻˭гΪľ϶µģʲô£ֻһЩָʾջɾµԱʵҪг˻治ҡ
ʲô»ҲһҪǵ⣬Ϊ鴦ɲΪˣΪĸ˵ļȵ滹ԭرԵñȽ϶࣬׵ġ
һ뵽ˣҶƽеļ֣һ룬Ҫֳɼ˵ҪģȻֱ鴦ĸɲαǴǼȵЩˣ߾ܹˡ
ֱָܵʾ鴦ɲģҲֻһˣΪǴɲ鴦Ҫ׼鴦ĻɲҪ֣Ȼмίȥ鴦ˡ
ѾôҪ֮ԱץҲΪˣܣѵΪ˾ҪԼĻҪ۵ļˡ
Ҷƽɵɻ᲻־ٶҪ֪һٶʮּˣûһĵģɵļûı£ҪһӶˡʲôôǱԼҪԼĻǾͲҶθųˣҶ˵ھͻǸɱˣɵЩӳʲôĿģɵļ˲޴زܲ߻һ¼ˣӦɵļˣӦкܸߵ̣Լ˽ǳˡ


1158 ɵĶ
ҶƽѻɵĿָɼˣȥȴǾɵļ˲Ӧּ˵ּ˵飬ʲôأ
Ӷһķ֧ţѭŷ켣зԲ׽ӵӰҶƽϾǵֳ͹ˣԴ˻һʶġ
ڼҶƽ˿޷ȥϢ飬һ¼Ӱ쵽뷨ԼһĹչʹŬѴµӰһӰ졣
ѵԼҪݣҶƽһ£Ϊһ쵼ɲ϶źǿʣǴʱҲеЩƣʱʱô侲ʵԼӵ鵣ĵĺܡ
ĸоҲͷһ˲䣬Ҷƽܿ͵˹ĳЩ˵ͷ䣬ҪǿƶԼĹѡ
Ҷƽûٸежƣ֮һܻܰȼǿĶ־һҪȫƽЩŻ˿һԼǲᱻġ
ҶƽʱŸ绰˵棬ʣҶƽһһ£øһ£Ϲȥ档
ŸԥһϢˣҪȥһ棬̸һ̸顣ҶƽˣԼȥ
ŸΪҶƽʱѣ˼棬˲Ҷƽһ棬һ飬ҶƽʱѾں飬˼ˡ
ҶƽһԼϳйʻȥʱڸָ£ȻڽܹĵӣȫǷѾҪΧҶγֵĵصŲԱһ
ƺ˼һ㣬޴ӲңҶ˽飬Ҳ޷ṩЧݣһ֮ͣС
˼죬ҪҶƽ̸һ̸ӼпǳҶƽģǸղŴҶûк˼Ҷƽ룬Ͼ֪Ҷƽʲô̬ȣʹǳҶƽģѵҶƽ
ӽչȥҶƽ̸һ̸˽һ԰ӽչȥŸϵҶƽ̸һ¡
ҶƽйֳһǺߵԱһصӣ̸ҪĿŲɵĶֻҪ˵Ŀ꣬Ӿͻ¶ΧƿҶƽԱе顣
Ҷƽڸ׷£ѿֵܳ˵һ˵Ȼ˵ݹٳ˶˵ڹпֵܻ˵һЩ鴦ĳˣ滹ǰɣȻΪɵĿԲ
Ѽһ£õҶƽṩϢ󣬸еǳҪΧҶƽṩļԱϢе飬һһųһǲЩԱС
Ҷƽ븱̸֮󣬱ǻصίԺܵµӰ˾ͻΪܵشˣʮֲġ
ʱίԺһЩҲ֪ˣ֪˭Ϣȥģ³Ű칫¥ȥʱԶˣæ㿪ΪҶƽʱľǷǳõģ˵ܵ˼ڶ㿪Ҷƽ
ҶƽԼİ칫ңո£ϣ㱨ϣʱ֪Ҷƽӳµ£ȥˣȻȫǷû뵽Ҷƽйء
Ҷƽ͵ģеĵ飬͵ϵΪӣĲҵǳĶ࣬Ŀǰ͵ļͥƲʵˮƽǲƵģҲ˵ļͥƲԶԶʵ룬ڷϹɾ޶ƲԴǼķΧǼίҲԽе飬ھͿδˡ
ϣ㱨ʱҶƽԺͻȻĳһЩֱһЩʲôˡ븱̸ʱȫ˸ˡΪעȫԼֱӲ鴦Աϣû뵽ּϵͣһûбʽ鴦Աϡ
ǹ־ֵľֳϵӣĿǰڱְ״̬֮У˻᲻ҶƽȻ£Ǹеؿƺ⡣
һֱڿ˭ɳ˵ֽԺһӾЩڴ֮ǰ͵ֶϤ
ϣ͵Ŀ˼ҵģ˶˲һˣԶԷ᲻ΪǿȴԼӶﵽǵĿģ
ҶƽеԼҵ˷ϣһ£æȥһ绰ԼµĻɶһ¡һµĻɶǿչ
绰Ҷƽòû˰ʱ޶ƲԴǿԵģ˷ԸҸͬ־绰ٿίίᣬо͵˫档
Ҷƽһ永Ļʱ˫棬ڶĵ飬ûΥͣڱ뷨˫ˡ
ϣӦҶƽȥ˵绰ʱѾ֪Ҷƽӳµ£һӵҶƽĵ绰ǰοһ¡Ҷƽûк£ҪͲȡ˫ʩϣоһ¡
û뵽Ҷƽʱ飬ֻڴӦϣȥԺ󣬼һ˵ίٿίίᣬо͵˫⡣
ʱԼļһ˼绰˼˲ãһ绰ִ˽绰־ֵˣһ£иҪ̡
;ʲô飬ֵ˾͸йعŵ¡һ£ȷµ绰󣬸Ŵһ绰Ÿ֪ⷽǷҪһʣ
һ룬ǸˣϹȥ͸оԼûбҪ̫ɹˣԽԼԽ飬Ǹɴµˣ˵ĺ£
뿪˼ųص֣Ժ󣬱ȥֳİ칫ҡղһֳĵ绰ֱӵֳ칫Ҿˡ
εĹ־־ֳǴоģ˵Ҳ죬˵Ҳǲ졣һֳİ칫ңֳкһ£
ȻĿⲻͣɨʵֳ֪֮뿴һûǹȻξֳǹҪ˭֪ûԼǷǹ֧
;ʲô£ʲôšֳЦһЦȺ˵£û̸ϵ¡
Ҳӣţֳ˵һˣͨװˣ侯ƷԱһ˽


1159 ư
һ˼ˣһ侯Ͷʱɵվɫɷףоġʱ־ֵľֳﲢûж˽˰칫֮ͨװ˾͵ǰ˵Ͱɣ
ͻеشӦһǣǡ
ʱ侯ѾΧԱóһֽ˵ͣǴмίȡ˫ʩߣ
һ˫˵ڣȻȻǿ򶨣ϸӰˣ˵ûκ⣬ʲô
ίû˵侯ѹ뿪־֣ʱĹԱƺҲע⵽飬׷ͷһʱ֮䴫־֡
ͱߺ̾˼ҡ͵ĳ£ȻԤУǴʱһȴеһ£һ绰
֪Ժͬеһ֪ʱΪʲôͻȻ£ǲ鵽ʲô⡣
ûȨί참ҲΪһȥҼί˽棬˴ʱֻ￼һ飬˼ҲҪ£üίȥɣܲʲô
˼򵥵̸һ̸飬ǹҶ˵绰ͳָһӰľǳĲãԴҶƽкǲϵس£Ҷƽ붢ˡ
ҶƽҲû䵽ʲôôӲ˸ȻƽˣȴǶҶƽҲһСĴԭΪ£Ҷƽʲôˣû뵽ȴüί͸ˣҶƽ˿û
Ҷƽڰϣȥ˫֮󣬱븱棬͵ַӳһ£صҪ͡
һӳҲȤҶƽӳǳҪϵӣһԴ߻ʮ˳ֵģɵˣ鷢֣ûȻеģûǿ϶Ҳ޷ġ
ڼί˫棬ѵصת͡ϣ˰ʹߺص͵ľ⣬ҪĲƲԴԼίԱĵ飬ͻǱֵطǳ򶨣ҪΪзḻķ龭飬ϴҲһˣĿǳǿ
Լίĵ飬;ܲԼʲô⣬ľ޶ƲļĲƸְûйϵ̬ȼΪӡ
Ѷ̽뽩֣һѿеĹͷϣҲǸеͷۣʱרԱѾ׼ͣҶƽѾ˫ϣ棬ȻüίЭ顣
͵ľ⣬ûвܰҪǵǰһλ飬ȻƻӣЦˣưǲձġ
ϣȻҪϹư뷨ͿڽʲôˣҷʡȻȡʱڰܰе˿
ֻҪ׼鷽򣬰ӾͺƵĺܣ֮ǰ֮Բõ飬ΪͷͻȻûκεһʱֲ鲻Է°ֻͣͣҪҪ鷽ͺðˡ
ΧͽȫλΧ飬ֶͨѸٲһʱֻͨ뼸ϵƵ⼸˵ȴǲ֪Ϊʲô
һĵ飬רԱַ뵱һϴƵƵ棬ҲרĻɡһ־ֵľֳȻ˵ǱְˣΪʲôϵƵƵ棿
صתƵϴϡϴ׶ˣΪ;зḻķ龭飬鵽ǳףǲ鵽ϴĻǱȽס
רԱ̸ϴյֻͨƵƵ밸ʱʱǳǺϣҲҶαͷŵʱǳǺϡһ֣רԱǳ˷ܣҲ¶ۣ˵ϴܰйء
רԱ̽з֤׼ȷжϣȻȻû֤֤ϴ永ڵһЩֵǻɡ
㱨ȡ㱨֮󣬹Ͼץϴ󣬲ǲ永ˣڱҪһһҶѾû£ؼҪѰӸˣȻû
ڰʮСʱ֮ڣϴĺլȫװľΧլڡլѲ鵽˺üǹ֧һԴˡ
ͻȻľ죬ϴͷʲôҵϵ̫ˣڳ֮У˱ֳĬץԺһֱһԲ
רԱ̶֮չѶʡרԱѶʣϴֳĬڽץһҪڵģڣץûʲôˡ
רԱԼ⣬ϴڱһĬ֮˵ԼһЩëƤС£˽ǹ֧ܶŹȵȡ
ϴװƣרԱûбĻԻֱ˵ظһڰܰ˵һЩ˾ͻ˵ˡ
רԱ˵⻰֮ǿʲôӦһ֣ܶϴΪ֪ȫǷ£²Ϊܵ顣
ȻרԱͶ߹ģʵֻʵȡ˰ֲһҲ߻ΰܵҲ
仰һڣϴʶʲôˣΪ֪ѾˣüίˣͰ鹩ٱտڲԣǾͻܱˡ
ϴĬãרԱ˼빤⣬߹ĺ;޴Ѷѹ֮£ϴרԱϣ͵ָʹҶε顣
벻ɵģרԱϲ񣬵ǸȴûԣΪڲû㹻֤֤˵ľģԱûץ񣬶ҪûйЩ飬Ͳô죿
⣬ҷ龭ḻֻа͸ͻǳɹһ롣һݺϴĹȥץʵʩܵԱһȥͻͣȡй
ʱʹڼίѶĵѹԽԽ󣬲֪һʲôίҲѶˣﷴʡԼ
ڣСʱ֮йֳŸ˽һĻ͸еѪѹҪ֪Ǳ龭⣬ֳΪʲôҪⲻɵеֽȻǼ侲


1160 ͵Ľ
ŸѶ͵ķԺܵ˽šȻŸǳϤŸʱǳ࣬ŽļǶʶҴòϿҲǱˣⲻܲеһ˿Ϯ
˵˵ɣŸͣʵʷǳѹһ䡣
Ÿ⣬̧ͷŸһۣȻװǳͿصһ䣺ž֣ʲô⣿
ŸĿؿͣͻȻһ˵ͣʲô㲻֪ӽ첻ľ⣬ߴѾץ㻹װ𣿡
ŸͻȻôһ䣬ͳ׸סˣϵĺˮʼоȫʪ͸ˡ
ʱһһعȥƺܳסͬһ¯Ƶ˸еϢȻﱣֳĬŸָصһ쵼ɲȻ£쵼ˣôĵӣڻʵʵ㻹Ҫȵʱ
Ÿ⻰һ˵͵Ŀ⿪ʼʱڼͷѶңе͵ѾҪˡ
Ȼھӵٴ˼̧ͷһοŸһûŸĶӣֱŸָʹߴҶε顣
͹ԴҶƽ뷨Ժ󣬱ǿʼֲ߻£֪Ҷƽίǣһʡί쵼λͬһ㣬Ҫļʵʩ˺һǳΣյ£ǳԼĿǣҾԼǶݹٳģһܵҵĻӭģ¡
ȻҲǵµķ̫֮ºȻܴ𶯣ӾпܱƻֻһҶƽҶʵʩô˺ֻҶƽһӣŪҶƽϲÿͿˡ
뷨֧֮£ͱ͸ߴıߴ֪ҪܵĶֻǾ͵ĻԺطͻԵúܿ͵ָʾ˲߻ʵʩ顣
ٵҶȥѧĹɣȻҶǴʡίԺģȴûлɵҶƽĺӣߴֻͣǸʡίһͨĸɲԼìܣֻ뱨һ£׼˺
˵˺ҶΣߴҲеûʲôΣգˣ֮ٷ˲
ߴ˰Ҷ֮󣬶ԴҶεǺܺãҶο֣Żһ⣬ʱ䲢ûжҶôרǸҶγԡ
ܵĵص͸ѡģΪ֪Ǹطļػûװã˽٣ֱȽʺϣزư˰֮󣬱ǴҶڳصתҶα粻巽
ûת˼ȦǷȫǷ£Щ˲æ绰ߴô£ǲǵģߴ͸ǣǵģǲҪģڳתȦ
ʵߴҲ㲻ǲǵģΪ˰οԼ£Ϊųʲô£Ǿˡ
µ绰󣬸ߴ绰ͣô¡ʹʱ֪ȫǷ£ӵ绰ԺǴ绰һ칫־ֵֻȫǷڷʲôǲֻ֪ЩҪ·ڰصԱ֪һ侯ġ
شȻеЩԺԼԼ԰ҶģΪ֪¿϶ᾪҶƽҶƽһ£϶ҪȫǷġ
ͻȻеǳأ͸еЩˣˣûк֮·ˣƽѩ绰һҶƽģһ绰Ļðķ̫󣬺ܻܿᱩ¶
ֿǣҶƽȴ绰ʼûдûˣΪԼܻţԼˣ˵ߴĿֻţʧȥƣôյľͿƲסˡ
ǰԭ߻øߴ˴ҶתȦȻѺһңȻȴзˡ
һİ֮£ǰչţȻণȻǷƽ˾ڹĸСʱ֮еʱˣʱ˼𵽴ҶƽãͬʱʱҲ̫̫ĺ൱һζ磬ͷһҶƽ
绰Ÿߴ˸˳ڰмҶθƽѩ绰ΣȻߴ˱ȫʧˣƺһдûз
εİܰˣȫ˼飬רҶ޷ƽ⣬ϰ취ӷﶯ𣬿Ӹ޷ƻ񣬶ϿյƽԶ޷ɢ
ˣһ𱨸쵼ɲ¼ͳڶԼְĲͼҶƽȻҶƽ֮䲢ֱϵҶƽְֱȴìͷָҶƽⲻܲܶ롣
Ҷƽֻǩʾίȥ͵ְ񣬶һԸȥ͵ְ˵ʲô˵֪ȥְĲίҶƽίȻҶƽʾְ֪ˡΪʲô֪ǴҪġ
רԱһֱɴ˴ΰܰαڴ˽⵽ܲⷽ밡Ȼͱ˲߻ģô᲻Աָʹأ
һʱ֮ʱûȥ飬ΪͱûᵽҲû֤ݻи߼쵼룬רֻƻӣϵأûȨȥǣֻܽʵϱһһνе顣
ŸЩ֮ͻȻŸ˵žֻ֣һ磬û˺ҶǺӵ˼žҪң
Ÿ˵˵ôһȻ˵Ƕ磿ְһĹΪʲôҪô㣿㶪ݵˣ
û뵽Ÿ˵̧ͷһۣͻȻ˵ž֣Щܲܵ˵һ˵
Ҫ˵Ÿؿһ۵ʲô²ֱӸ˵Ҫ˵
ͿһۣȴĿ˸Щ쳣ŸһӦҪ߳ȥˡȵ߳ȥˣŸ˵ž֣ܲܽعˣֻһ˵õ֪
͵ҪЩˣСӲźԼɣԼ˵ʲô飬˶֪֪Ū쵼Ҳô죿
ͣл˵ƨͷţŪ飬˵˵˵ҾˣŸû͵Ļ͵ĵ


1161 
ŸԸؼأȴǼˣоԼЩ²죬ٲ˵ûлˣæסŸž֣ں˵
ŸֹסŲͿž֣ȫΪԼΪݵĹٳҶƽԴ֮󣬿˲ȫ˵ĴڣǶһ
Ҫ˵ˣû뵽ͻ˵飬ŸеͲһ򣬸ûʲôͷԣʱȻ˵飬ʹ뷨ʱҲܺ˵Ҳݱعٳˣ˵ĻںȻͼ˵˼뷨˵ΪˣΪݹٳǵݹٳ𵽷ãΪݹٳİˣ͸ˣҶƽһһǣǾҪһҪˣһַʽ
ŸȻһȣȻֹһʱؿŸֳ֮⡣϶ܿŸԼ̬ȣվڼˣΪԼͬ͵ġ
ͣҶԴݺ󣬸Ĺ˺ܴı仯ݵķչķ˺ܶѪһλõίǣΪ˵һС飬ȻǺģͼ˽ȴ˵˵ͼݹٳҿնߵ쵼ɲĸλǹĳ裬Ҫ׽飬ľ⣡ŸŭĿӣ;û뵽ֺһʱƿԡ
оԼ˵ĲˣŸųһеԼ̬ȱˣҲˣҲᴫҶƽĶ̱Լ̬ȣôҶƽ֪֮󣬱Ȼỳͬͣôп鷳ˡ
ܰ͸е˺ܴѹȻưҶƽȻ˵ʲôǵȵºһг䶨֮󣬱ȻΪʲôݵΰûиãֳԴҶƽǺܲˣ֪Լͬͣô޷ȹֳλˡ
ûͷԣȴ³çˣҲ۵ݹٳǺͿ
Ÿ˿ֱͣͳûˮ뷨ȥֻԼ˵ٺͱ˵£ͬҲǲãԼԼҪԼ˵öôĿ裬·ʿƵġ
ڼ￴һУŸ㲻ӵĻʡ׶ҪһȥŸͿ˿ڣȻͲȥԶˡû뵽ȴĻ˻һα¼ֱ˵˳Ϊαˡ
׶͸һ￴棬ԵúΣڰڲһЩ˲쵼ҺŸӦĿ죬Ըߣû͸ǣűߣӵѿΪĶһЩʲôģôΣİ࣬һŰˮ룬ݲð
ҪߣһᣬͻȻ˵Ļ
Ҫȥ׶ʵ
ȥǣݸӣ뷨ӣαӣҪһƺ¾ͽˣǴߡ
׶һʱоԽԽ󣬱˵ʡ쵼Ҳ޷ˡ
ŸѶ߳˼ң򸱲׶һ£׶΢΢ͷû֪ˣαٶ˵ʲô
ˣһ绰ҶƽҶƽӵ绰̸˹߽һ̸
ͰѶͷҶƽ˽ܣҶƽ֪̳Ĭ飬Ҳеѿβ¾ǶһӰˣֳ飬ܶ˵ʲô
ҶǣʹǼ飬һҶƽһۺ˵
Ҷƽһ˵ʱرܣһҪǵ飬û
˵ͷرһҲã˵һЩл͵ĻӲͬѰȡмίⱳҲһ
ڸҶƽĴмͰԼһЩ뷨˳øһ˽ͰԱһ顣
̸һСʱ̸֮Ҷƽ븱ָȻ󸱲㽫ѺؾһͽѶͲ֪ԼΪԼ϶ݱؽ飬Ϊݵİӣû뵽참ԱȴǽѶߣ˷ǵķɻˡ
͸еԼ־嵱ˣû뵽ԼôһߴҲû뵽Ϊ´£ᷭ˴ܵôһ
Ÿ˷ɻ׶Ÿվþû뿪¡ͱߣζ¼ԶԶûֹйصԱӦʳѰˡ
һŸ׶һ˵ҶǲҪȥһ
׶һ룬˵ȥһ°ɣ£Ҷ϶ǹΰģ£֪ʲô뷨ҿҪ̬ɣ
ŸȻһ˵ô̬
׶̴ְһ̬ȣȻʼһǲΪá
׶ĻŸһ֪¸ΰ죬Ϊ̴ְĻҶƽ˳ˮͬĴְô죿ⲻûпܣΪ֮ǰҶƽĹˣְˣҶƽβ˻Ὣ£
Ҫ㽫ҵʡɣҲݸˣҶǵҪ̫ԶҲܣַ飬ҶǶҿ϶ǲˣٸȥҲûʲô˼ʲô̬û˼˵ҶǻңɴҵˡŸһ룬׶Ҫ
׶Ļһʱûд𻰣ϴӦŸҪҪʡҲô׵¡
̬һҪ㽫ܱҪ֪ͰܵĲǱˣҶǵĶӣʹڳڸֿǲüǺʱһȻҪ뷨㣬ڰ̬ںˣˣʹְͬˣҲһõȥʡʱ㡣׶ͷԻҪǿŸ˵ҲΪŸá
Ÿһ룬û׶˵ĶԣȻԼѾԸݸˣʲôҶƽ˳ˮͬĴְأ


1162 
һҶƽİ칫ңҶƽ㱨һ°ӵĵԼ˴ߵ顣
Ҷƽкһ£¡Ҷƽıƽû飬Ҳû䵭׶ŸҲ⣬ǲûиеʣҶƽķӦ
Ҷǣڻϸһˣ飬Һ͸ͬ־ǸеǳʹģŵҶļˣûð׶ҶƽǰҲԼ̬
׶ʡ˵ҶƽϽҶƽʡίίʡȨҲһƱҸĵҲ׶ʶҶƽھǵǿӰ
Ҷƽĳλ쵼ŮҲǴطڴ֮£ʡҶƽǰҪǫһã԰οһҶƽͬʱҲҶƽʶԴǷǳĵģҶƽһӡ
˿׶ҶƽȻܹȥԼʾҲñֵشһ㣬˵ⲻ£ҵļ˲˭Ҳ޷ԤϵģʡûйϵлĹ̫鷳ˣڰҲˣҸʾл
Ҷƽһ˵׶ͷеǳŸȴǸеԲˣҶƽ˵ʡûйϵ˵ййϵ
뵽Ÿæ˵Ҷǣ飬ҵĹûã֣ͬʱҲίǣôҪ˸ΣӦҳе
Ÿİ׶Ҫǵ̬Ҷƽû뵽ʵһֱŻŸùάιֳһֱûкõɡηȷʵһǣļˣھͽŸְˣƺñ˵лҪһ̣Ȼ˻˵С
ͬ־ڲǿ˭⣬˴¼ȫ˵ӳǵΰȷʵûλĵطʹ˴¼ҸˣͨϰգҲֵͬǵľ裬ֳʶûֵÿ϶ģ㲻ܾʹж˵ҲˣǲеģȻʶԼĴ󣬾Ҫиȷ̬ҾõǰҪĹһǼӴΥĴȣ˴¼Ӱ죬Υӵ棬ٹ飬еĺȺ֮֮ǰҲᵽ飬ǳЧϣһܰѹص棬ʵȫеĹ
ҶƽûӦͬⲻͬŸְ飬ĻǾûͬĴְ롣ҶƽûӦ飬ʵﻹеԣ쵼Ľֱӱĳ飬ȥᣬȻȷģǹһӾпˡʱҶƽȷʵŸְˣǻʱĻó˵Ÿְɣô˳ȥŸְˣӦͬŸְôʱû⻰˵Ÿˡ
ˣڼŸʶԼְֱֲͬ˵γһǳĵԿռ䣬һ쵼
ûŸ̬׶˵ҶҪ󲻴ȷʵǷǳеģȥԺҶҪ£һҪãȷеΰܴ˴¼Ӱ죬ͬʱ֤ݵĹȶģЩȺ֮Ҫ
׶һҶƽĻŸʵǲ˵ˣٱʾҪְȻҶƽ̬ͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬ֻ˳׶Ļ˵ȥʾҪϸҶǵҪ£ѹá
Ÿ̬Ҷƽ΢΢ͷ׶ˣǡҶƽרͣ׶Ÿ˶֣Ǵﵽ⡣
׶Ÿ˼£תˡˣҶƽŻصԼİ칫ҡ
Ҷƽ׶Ÿ̸ʱһɰʼӿˣΪϿʼ֪εİ¼һػɫ˵Ҷƽ˽к͸ܷӣԼС˸ˣȻ˵Ҷƽһù٣ǿȥЩ˵ġ
Ĵǳ˲²ɫʣֻ֪һţһԶﴫпܱ˺ѵĿȫǡЩ֪ȴγһ磬ɢһֹ۵㣬ΪҶƽղеľ棬ҶƽһЩʺطҶƽټίǣһܲʺϵ飬ӦҶƽְ
ǴеϸɲģȻ󽥽ݹٳɶҶƽݵʩشϰ
ƿϢѼ˱ҶƽҶƽ֮ϲƣȷܰеء
ҥԿɱˣԿԻˣҶƽ֪һЩԼĻƱػӰ쵽ĹˣԺ˭ģ
Ҷƽһ룬ǰҪƳҪܰ˽ˣֻа˽ˣҹעĽŲ
ߴռ飬ȻھǣҶƽһ룬ƽԶȥһ绰ߵ˵һ˵ʾͰӦʵ鲻ʲô羡참¡
ƽԶͬĹ۵㣬ڽӵĵ绰֮йطϵʱҪûͬıмί֮ûα
ƽԶĴߴ֮£ͱѺݣͬʱмί͹ĹԱ̵ִݣֱʡίʡԱнӴ˰ܵ쵼Ĺע˽˰αʹûͬıδûв
һ˵רͻȻݣЩҶƽƿز˾棬ӦߵˣͻȻտڲ˵ˣרĵǸе»ԶûнҶƽ뿪ˣеЩʧˡ
ר̩ͬɽѹһѹ˹ЩҶƽ뿪һʱ˵ҶרΪζҲ֪ר˴λʲô飬ǵΪר鷢ˣ϶һ¡
Ҷƽ̨Ȼٿһίίᡣܵ˴¼Ӱ죬ҶƽһֱûٿίίᣬȻڻƿزеľ棬ôٿγίôҿһܲյ˾棿
רո٣еίί֪ϢˣרĵҲǹĵġΪǰһҶƽҲ֪ʲôԭרĵǲйҲ˵
˵ҶƽټٿίʱЩίһίίң໥֮䲻˽̸ҶƽΪ˽ڸʲôСҶƽĲɡ


1163 ίо
Ҷƽ˳ίңĵرҶƽ絽ʮӡרĵҲһѹΪͰӳݱعٳԴҶƽ̬ȵĻô׵壬ΪΪгʹݹٳԴҶƽ̬ȡ
ʱԱԭ͵࣬ƽʱԵ̬ͷܴ󣬵ﶼר˷̣Ǳ߿˵һ졣Ҷƽ˵˵ԵﶼҪų³Ҫ˿ţͷϴ磬һ£һǰ¡濼·ɻʱԱҪжӭӣǴīŰף·ɻϴɡ
ҶƽйسԵЩţһЩֽųһֱǳУǳί֮Žῼǣûж˵ʲôֻҪԲʲôìܣһж֮ڡ
ԵĹϵУЩҶƽ֪мξһ뻹ˣһָԵĻǿԽԭ£ǹڼӣų϶Ҫõġ
ҪиıģҶƽȱʣԼֻҪЩų쵼ɲ϶Ҫһڴ˷Ѿ쵽ˣԭֻ࣬гԣΪгԸҶƽĵλҲ̫࣬ûбҪиı䣬ĸ˷á
֪ר֮󣬳ҲԾһЩίԺᣬǰǴüԱֻ˾͹Ϳˣ鶼ûеİҲԼŵģǰõȻȥ
ݵĹٳһʱ֮ԵúܽţгһֲίǵĶ˰ܣùٳȻţҲϰһֲҶƽһҪ˽ӣͬʱԹҪҲԽԽߡŸٹ飬ΥŸȥԺҲǽ˰ţЧǺԣЩƲȥǲ⡣
Ҷƽٿίίᣬо飬һҪصİӣоΰҪóǿֶΣȻô֪Լǲ뿪ݵġ
ȻרˣǴһҶƽר֮뿪ݣϾĹܵܰӰ죬Ϊܺõְˡ
ίȫ֮Ҷƽ˽˿һۣȻߵԼλǰĳίһʱͷ׼ᡣ
Ҷƽ֯־ǿ˸ذӵĵ⣬ټθίǣҳθίǡҪϵ⣬Ҷƽļӿ²𣬲Ĺ˼ɣԼʩŽвȥ
ҶƽӽǱߴˣҶƽḻίǣȻ֪Ҷƽ⡣Ϊг֮һֱθίǣʵ֪Ҷƽ뷨ĻҲ˽ָίˡ
ҶƽеʱѾ죬㽫ҵ˹ȥһжڼƻ֮еġ־ǿһҶƽǽ˻صİһֱûжͬ־ﵣθг֮һֱθίǡڸ幤ǣͬ־һְֱͬʱҲҪټְ֯˿죬Ƽͬ־θίǡͬ־ԭڽŷḻľù飬ȫеǼһþùͬ־ȥһְ֯Ƽͬ־θίһְǺʵġصķչأǱҪѡʵѡȥʲô˵һ˵ɣ
ҶƽȱԼĿ˵ΪίǣӦ̬Ӧȱ̬Ϊһȱ̬ԱͲñ̬ˣһֵһֿ϶ˣһ󲻸ˣôͲٷˡ
ǴʱҶƽֵǿһЩǱֳֿܻ뿪еӣĳί֪ԼȻεȨκ˱ʲôǡ
Ҷƽһ꣬ͿίԿҶƽȱ̬ˣҲûбҪٵˣ˵ҶƽҪԵģҶƽȷˣôһֵ
Ҷƽ֮󣬱ǽб̬˵ͬ֯飬ͬ־Էһֱнְֳָ񣬰˵ǱֱӵνֳҲǿԵģҶǴӴֿ˸ֳʵֵĹҪǰͬ־صίǣΪɺʵģԸصĹһĴٽͬ飬ͬʱһͨ顣
ԾȻͦ֯Ľ飬Ҷƽȫһµһίһͨⰸ˵ڽʵ˾ֳĹ⻰Ȼǳ̹ʣ⣬˾ðڽֻ𵽾ֳã޷ҶƽԵʣҶƽǲá
ǳ˵ҲʵҶƽö˵ʲô˾ó˵̹ʣҲҶƽ硣Ҷƽ֮ûʲôӦĿֻɨЩίǡ
ȻίһֶͬĳίȻǲ˵ʲôˡҶƽֵһ£еЩϡҲˣرһôҪأ˭ίǶνģԸȥͲˣʵҶƽȱ̬ҲûʲôɷԵġ
ڴҵһͬ£ʽθίǣҶƽԼһֱɵĲ֡𿴸󣬵ǸصλҪֻҪͨչصķչָտɴ
о֮Ҷƽΰ⽲һ¡ʱҶƽʵͦεģûȥ˵Լӱܵ£Ҫΰǿ˵ܰӰί
ҶƽһĲŽоһΰ⡣ΰغȺܲܰҵΰǿٽһδļжǵΰµ⡣ݵشǹҵıһЩӾӾǾڸΥǵΰƷǳϾⷽǵӳ̶ȻĻλʩӲ쵼⣬Ҳʶ⣬ٿλҪͳһʶΰᵽǰеλüԽڴ쵼㣬ִ⣬һҪ뷨·ȷ֮󣬸ɲǾأﴵ磬еٵɳģҪд˭


1164 ר鿪ʼ
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ίϵձһӽΪ÷ǳ࣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪΰ⣬һʶ⣬һȴǽ쵼ִ⣬϶Թֵˡ
ίһҲһίǣҲǹΰģ˵쵼⣬Ҳ˵𣿶Ÿûʸμӳίᣬμˣ϶ġ
ҶƽԺίڴҶ֪˷ܰ£ҶƽȻͷϣʱ˭ҲȥҶƽùͷŪԼΡҶƽҪΰ˭ҲᷴԵģʲô쵼ִ⣬Ҷƽֻ˵һ˵һľãȲҪΪá
ĳίǣее㲻⣬ĳίһûиоʲôҶƽ֮󣬽˵Ҷᵽΰ⣬ȷһǳϾ⣬ɱʲôӶУǹҲʱзЩӵķϰյĹ۸гܴϰջеûаȫˣȥ϶ǲеģҾί飬Ҫȫͳһ£ӴΥĴȣίͳһָӣһƯĴʤ̣
ԱԼ̬ȣᵽ˰ܰȻûֱ˵Ҷƽӱܵ£Ǵһסͬʱᵽί൱ڸʩһѹ֮ǳ࣬ƺܴϿһЩš
ڳ԰ѻ˵֮ʵסˣ˵ΰûиãҸһΣίûЭصӴΰȣҶǺͳгΰȽϹעίһһóһʵеķȡ֮ڴһʤ̣
ֻһ̬ҶƽĻûʲô飬϶Ÿıֶ̫⣬֮ǰһֱûǽаţĹȻǾù̫ܰľŵΰϣֻҪΰܹȥͿˡǰܰķ޷ûЧʵĹŸȻڰܰƻһãڹĹ϶ںܴ⡣
ŸϴβǰʾְѽŸְˡŸܻ飬дְ˳ȥŸְ
ŸĹȻ⣬еԼĴˣһθŸᣬٸɲãͲҪˡڶҶƽŽߣĹҲǲġ
鿪Ժ󣬶ݹٳһӰ죬ΪҸеȻҶƽп뿪ݣݸɲȥˣҶƽȴоһҶƽţһҪӴΰȣжҶƽȥпҪߣ
Ÿ֪˳ίϵŸеԼϵѹԽԽ󣬸оЩסˣȻŰҶƽҪȥʵȴûʲôЧ
Ҫԭ쵼֮£صѾ̻ôҪ󣬱˶֪²Ҫʹ˭ֻӦȻʲôЧ£뿪ǱȻģΪ޷ı״ҲɲҶƽӲǴλϣҲԼܲѡ
Ÿһ룬Ǿ뷨ˣ羡뿪Ҷƽѡˣֻһʱ˼˵ˣҶƽ뿪˵Ҷƽء
רԺ̽פݴƵ꣬ʡίʡ쵼ȫͬר쵼ʡίǰɽԽӼר쵼רĵʾ߶ӡ
ר˴ҪҪͰı⣬β棬;Բһͨ°⣬Դ˸߶ӣҪ˽ⷢһıԭû˵ָʹҪıء
ר֮ҶƽǵһݴƵרԱˡҶƽųݴƵꡣݴƵľźһӭ
Ҷǣþûйˣź΢ЦöسҶƽǰ
Ҷƽ˿ԴһݺͼźһͻĵŮˡҶƽһμʱҲǸסˣֻǵ˺˵һЩţԾ˾롣
źѩϵȻ˵ԵĹϵҲУڵίӴ츱μݴƵľҶƽƽʱиֻҪݴƵУ
Ҷƽûʲôûź̼˵Ҷƽֻ˵ͷû˵ʲôרҪȥ̸ʱź˵ʲô
Ҷƽıǳ࣬źһߣȻ΢ЦҶƽȥְӣҶƽ룬Ƿһ飬ֵһͷź̶ʱݸһЦʮֵĺÿ
Ҷƽרĵطר쵼ҹ˽һЩԼеĻΪһĵṩһȻƶһĵ鷽
רķ䣬ר鳤мίһǴӣȻһר飬ʵǷֳһαأһǵݹ⣬ΪǹֳúڶҪԭ
Ҷƽ֮ר鳤΢ЦҶƽο֮⣬Ҷƽ΢΢һЦʾѾûʲôˣ̸ˡ
ר鳤Ҷƽ̸Ҫ̸ݵص̬⣬Ҷƽ֮ǰ̬⣬Ҷƽһ룬ʵذһʾݵ̬𲽱ãŻԽԽãͬ־ġ
Ҷƽ̬ⷬר쵼ͬ־ȻҲ˼ϾίǣҲðݵ̬˵̫
̸֮ⷽר鳤ͱ˵Լ͵һЩϵ⣬Ҷƽһ룬ְ͵ĹзһЩ齲ר鳤
Ҫר鳤̸Ҷƽǲ°һЩְϣʱǲͬģ˵ģȻͱԭҪΥ뾯⣬˼Ҳõġ
ҶƽΧⷽר鳤˽ר鳤صˡ
Ҷƽ˴ԼһСʱר鳤վҶƽ𣬶ר鳤Ҫ쵽ʲô̶ȣôҲָʾڹؼʵ쵼ָʾ⡣
Ҷƽר鳤֮󣬱뿪ݴƵ꣬ͬʱȷ鳤ܸר磬ʲôҪܸš


1165 ϸɲѹ
רʽʼݳίЩţΪҶƽר鳤̸Ժ󣬿ʼ½˹ȥ̸
̸˵Ƕί쵼ӵһοˣֻЩ⣬Ϊ֯ڿˣҲʡˣҪרˡ
ڿ˵ݣȴûףΪǲ֪ר̸ĿģΪר鵽û˵ʲôĿģйذܰǲڵ̨ϵģʵǿ죬һۺϵĿ졣
˵Եר鷿ʱרĳԱ̸Ǻյ̸ûȷ̸еľ÷չ衢ΰ̸ݡ
ԽҲҵģȻ֪רĿģٻԼеҶƽйء
רԱ󶼻ʵǷŻ⣿Ƿ˶е쵼ĻʵǾĶǣñ̸߲ҷɣʮֽŵӦԡ
Ե˵ȻŻ飬Ҳ˶쵼㱧ʲô֪쵼һʲô壬ָҶƽ
⣬רԱҪʵһ⣬Ǿ֮Ĺϵ⡣е쵼ӳԱʾͲʶûдΪֻ־ֵľֳ˵ʶ֪Ҳ
רе쵼ӳԱȫһ飬̸ʽе˶ȽϽţ³ʲô⡣
ҲǸеЩţȻͰûκιϵǵͰԼûרϸߣҲǳԲ˶ߡ
ŵʵΪίǣûйܺãҪһΣרѯеͷ϶ð
ôһȦ̸е쵼ӳԱʱʵ࣬ͨ¼ʶҶƽʮֵ֧ģ򲻻ôʦڵ顣
ԺԸܵ⣬ͬʱͰķҲϳѹΪרҵԣ£Ʋİӻ᲻ϣ
ȻеҲЩԼӦʲô⣬Ϊг£Ȼ˵ΪʵĻãĻǲ鲻ϵģͲ뵽Ϊ˰ͽ𰸼Ҷƽеѿ
Щ鷳ΪֱӻǱָʹߣ˵Ϊ˶ԸҶƽָʹӣЩԩˣԿηȻ˰ûǣԴµķһãҶƽʾ鴦͵Ӹͣô뵽ȥҶƽ
һʱ벻Բûа취ȻǲܱȥӦӦһϵѹ
Ծôⷨ˵飬ʱȻͻҶƽҲù
֮ȻԼԸɣôͲٹˣõʱǣ
֮ݴƵ濪ʼеһЩϸɲӰЩ˼ҵүΪףԼҵĳүûг֣һҪרĳԱ
רݴƵ꣬еĸ߲쵼֪⣬û֪ЩϸɲȴǹǣȻй©Ϣ
Щ˹Ҫ뷴ӳҶƽģӳҶƽΨףרУºôϲݳҶƽŪòˣ𽨽˷Ѵ
Щ˵ĿľҪרʩѹרҪ쵼ӳԱôǾץסҶƽⲻţӶԴﵽе쵼ɲѹĿġ
רҪȡϸɲģһϸɲǣר鳤Ƿǳջ𣬾ڱá
ר鳤̸Ҷƽһ绰飬˹ϸɲߡҶƽһ˵ϸɲȻȥרﲻջЩ˼ֱ£Լôǣʲô
Ҷƽ̴绰ϸɾֳ绰ϸɲ벻ʡϸɾֳһ£ǸеͷƤ飬ֻί֯һϸɾֳүϸɲǰ㲻ʲôȰ
Ҷƽûִ֮󣬾Լҳһ취ܰЩϸɲȰ
ϸɾֳһ룬Ǹ˼Ҵһ绰æȰ˵һӡ˼ҽӵ绰ȴֱӸԼӵܲţûйϵɣ
˵֮˼Ҿǹ˵绰˼ĵλƽҲûָʹ˼ң˼һϣô죿ϸɾֳûˣֻӲͷƤݴƵȰ˵
ʱүھƵﲻߣźǣǸźãרǱ߲ûнӼǵļƻǲܽӼǵģҲеЩϸɲûʲô£һҪҶƽⲻ
ϸɾֳ֮󣬱ЦݣүӴкүӼȴһҲӣģʲô
ϸɾֳΣ˵ȥ򣬲ҪٴˡүȻǲͬ⣬ﲻߡһϸɾֳҲǼ˺ȥĻҪִģר֪϶᲻⣬ҶƽҲΪû¶첻á
뵽ϸɾֳͻȻ뵽һ⣬үӴһ绰ΪүӵĹϵ㲻εϸɾֳλϣҲүӹϵãүӹϵãԵĹϵãԲŻε
ʱҲǲͶҽżæŵظүӴһ绰˵һ£ܲȰ˵һүӡ
үһӵ绰ϸɾֳĻ֮󣬶û˵Ӧϸɾֳ֪֮ǳģɣû뵽үΪʲôӦ¡
үӣүӵǻҪүӡүȥݴƵҶƽ״ûȥڽӵϸɾֳ绰֮ϾʹӦϸɾֳҪ
ʵүӶϸɾֳʱ绰ʮֵĲˣȴǲܲӦϸɾֳҪΪӦҪҪүͬıɡʱڣάԼӣҪרɡܾϸɾֳҪȻ֪ˣº϶ԳԲ˰ϸɾֳȴǺܺõƲүκǣɣҶԳ˵һӷ֡
һӵϸɾֳ϶һʱ벻ģү̳ô꣬п϶һҪϸɾֳĻ֮󣬱ͬүȥһ绰


1166 鴦
үӸүȥһ绰绰Ժ󣬳үӱǸϸɾֳȥһ绰үֻר˼һ棬Ͼߣ̫ʱ䣬вУ
ϸɾֳһȻ͸߳үӣר鳤þί׼ֻί׼Ժר棬ܷүȻίӳвУ
үԺ󣬱Ǹϸɾֳ˵Ҳү˵ˣүӲͬ⣬ûа취
һϸɾָоʹүӳҲûʲôãһ룬оѰˣһϸɾֳʲô취˰죬ֻø֯־ǿ绰飬ʾԼΪҶǽĹ겻ˡ
־ǿһȥҶƽ칫ңҶƽ㱨һ飬һҶƽҶƽһЩϸɲרǰɣȻ벻һͶԽ־ǿ֪ͨ˼ҺЩϸɲŮǸ˸һҲԼŰɣ
Ҷƽһ˵־ǿʱʲô˼ˣЩϸɲԼŮģǵŮö඼ڻعˣҶƽˣǵŮ°ɣһиоӦһЧ
־ǿתͷȥ˴绰֪ͨЩ˵֯ᣬ֪ͨ˰죬Щˣֻ˼û־ǿ绰ô¡˼˵Լйȥˣ˵ӵ£ԼҲǹܲˣȥҲûá
־ǿܲˣ鵽ʱ֯ǾдֵģȥȰ˵һүӡ־ǿһ˵˼һǿӦ
Щټһᣬ˵ⷽ飬ЩϸɲŮǴӦȥȰ˵һ£ԼҲûеףǵӶһЩиԵˣȥȰ˵δؾȰ˵
һ˵־ǿԣȰǡǾȥˣ֮ҲȰ˵ˣ˼ҲǵˣȰ˵˰죬ЩϸɲǸΪƺǸеԼûӣȻˣôȰǲߡ
һ㱨ҶƽҶƽǸеϸɲʮֵԶԸרҪԼȥˡҶƽеǳĲҲʮֵջԼҲҹ£ŽѪǾȻ˲ԼԼԣֱûдֹ
Ҷƽһ룬ר鳤ȥһ绰ܴܲݴƵתƳȥһطЩϸɲȽ̣ڿ϶Ӱ쵽ˣû˽̸ˡ
ר鳤һ룬˵طƺҲǲãϸɲǺ֪ܿǵĵص㣬ʱҲǶ㲻һԵϸɲƵġ
ȻǾʡίһ绰ʡί¡ҶƽһҲãʡί棬ͲΪˡר鳤ʡίǰɽһ绰еϸɲר鹤õĻ뷴ӳ
ɽһ˵飬ϴӦдЩϸɲҲͷۣһθѩʱҲǳ棬ѩŪûͷ⵽˲鴦Щ˻ϰ취ԸҶƽ
ɽӵר绰Ժ󣬱Ǵһ绰ʡί֯°ٽһ£ҪϸɲǲҪӰ쵽רĹʡίû뽻
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ǼʹʡϸɾֳˣЩҲǲͬ뿪ûа취ʡϸɾֳרźү̸˰Ļ˵㵽ΪֹҪ̫֣Ȼǵø߲ŭ˭ûкô
ϸɾһ˵үӸоҲ㲻ҶƽҾôʱҲˣҶƽӦҲܵѹˣеĻʿɶֹȥ
үӵͬ£Щϸɲͬ뿪ݴƵ꣬ʡϸɾֳһЩϸɲʵҲû̫ķͿ˼ҸӣȻЩϸɲܲȥ
ôȥˣͬ뿪ݴƵˣǸһӡɣҶƽºҲ֪ˡһ뵽ЩϸɲרԵ£ﻹǱȽջЩϸɲȻλˣǶ֪Ķ࣬ƽʱῴһЩļίСǡξȥݷǣȡǵ֧֡еĴ֧ԼģҲƽƽذ꣬ɶҲʣôһЩֵȥһЩ飬ȻίСǡ
ε¼ҶƽеǲֲģпרйأŽз飬Կ飬רĹߣԼ
ҶƽĿŵͷµүϣ֮ǰ˾ԼˣԼûӣȻ˵Ӻܲ⡣ڼȻôԼԼٲӣЩԲסˡ
ҿררһߣԼ뷨һӵ鲻ɡϸɲݴƵڹٳһɲɲȻǶҶƽģ˵ҶƽЩϸɲǣҶƽںˣиɲ˶೤ʱˡ
һʱֵݳҶƽЩԣҪԿηûӰӵ¶˸ܵѹھϸɲһϣ·ͳˡ
Ҷƽʱţȵר뿪Ժǵ취ôһЩϸɲɡȻǾίľߡ
һ룬ҶƽȽϣйһ׼ЩϸɲУеŮѾϴɲλã˼ҡĶһЩƼɲˡҶƽϣһ£һûоٱǵģвһ¡
ϣӵԺȥչ飬ȻõҶƽһ£ȥ鴦ˡ
רԱ̸м쵼ɲ֮󣬱ֵشɲ̸صĸɲϣһͰʲôǣѾ֮⣬˻û̸ꡣ
̸ڣһ̸ǳĹ㣬̸ЧȻ˶Ҷƽ⣬ǴĸɲǱ˶Ҷƽ֮⣬ΪҶƽ˲ٵĹȻЩӦϿҶƽĹ
õۣר쵼Ҳô⣬ЩͼҶƽˣҲһЩСˣСƻеչ
ר̸껰֮󣬱ǽаԱһҶƽ϶еģҪһβܰˡ
רԱۣԼʾΪΣһе̬ʲôģҪʡίЩҪͰһΣҪҪˡ˭Ͱֱӵǣνд


1167 ͨ
ĵҲͰ˵飬صǵ־Υ뾯⣬Լ־ֹڼĹԼ˼⡣
רۺ˹ŵĵ϶йٳصȻ˵ͰķһݹٳһġãͰķһΡ˵Щ˶𰸼һΣ³Եί쵼㶼һΡ
Ƿڣ˵һΣִﲻĳ̶ȣֻʡίɹʡί
ЩͰֱӵǣר龭ۺϷΪ˼͹ϵУڰ֮ǰǰҶƽĲֱͰķȻ˼Ȳ֪ͻԴҲûʲôԤ˼ҵΪɶ԰ķҪƶáר齨ί˼ȥְ
ίڴͱⰸУᶨΪίίԸӶͶίҪ쵼Թԣȶ°ķҲӦһΣʡίίְίйڹ齨跽ΰһ⣬ʡίίԱ׷ǵ쵼Ρ
ר쵼ۺϷ϶֮󣬱ֱʡίί˷ҶƽݵܰУίʡί֪ͨҶƽʱرܡ
ʡίӵרı棬ɽأ·£ʵҲһӰ죬ûа취ֻרĵ飬صĹˡ
ڵ֪רЩ֮󣬰ɽɫܲÿеûԤ£Щ˵ȥеĸɲʡίŵģг϶ϵİйء
ʵеȫʵﶼУᣬ˿϶еִֻǳ̶Ȳͬˡеĵطأ˱ȡůɲԿչеĵطȻҲǶɲôðǲ̫֣֧ɲĻҪ֧֣ԴΪء
ȻҲһأί쵼Ҳɲݱظɲרʵ˵ǣݱظɲҶƽų⣬ҶƽԼչ˼·־廯ıʡίʣʵҶ֪ôһ¡
ɽרȡרķ귴֮󣬵˱̬һҪ۲۵ʵרдڵ⣬׽Ͱзӳ⡣
ڰɽ̬֮ⷬרԲɹ뿪˹ʡҶƽڵ֪һ֮󣬳ڻرܵҪûκεķӦ
һʵĴǾ޴ģǱ˻ͻһ겻񣬵Ƕ˵ԽѵʱԽܼĶ־
ڲҪ𱬷ʱʱͣȵ䶨ʱǿƽԼĹһҪзһ츲صı仯ɡ
ϣ㱨ѼһЩľٱϢйֽ֧֧ӳ־Ž϶⣬־ĸǡεݴƵµϸɲУڻ֮һүӿһȡ
֪ϢҶƽһ£Ҫ־˿Ҳ˵ôľٱˡר黹ûд֣꣬˸еб֮ӣȻʱѹס鲻ȵʱ顣
ר֮󣬰ɽ㿪ʼִר顣ݹٳһȽϴ⣬Ȼָ˵ĴίǻҶƽôҪȡҶƽ
ר༸Ҫһİš˼ҵְ⣬ǿѸٽģӦί⣬ʡί⡣
ˣרɽʡίţȥίͨר˳ר⡣
Ҷƽӵʡί칫ֻ֪ͨټίίᣬǲֻ飬ţ֡
ţίԺհɽҪ󣬽ίĿһͨרڶֻ飬ȥ˼ҺйֳŸְ
ŸǰУǻûüרǹרڼ䣬ǲй䶯ר֮űְˡ
ר϶ڹ齨ΰ湤ûãӦеһΣδɹʡίί
ŸӦ˵ǱȽˣҲ˵ԩȫеĹȷʵźܶ⣬˴ְûпֻڰ̬ܰȱȽϻǸʱ˭ֻġ
еίί˻ңӵί칫֪֮ͨ󣬳Ե˲֪Ҫʲô֮һ۷׷סרԱ֮Ǹеࡣ
۷׷׵ʱҶƽţһ˽ţԵ˸е֣ΪţǼίǣһίᣬɵ˻˭ˣǲд·רոߣǲҪˣ
һʱ֮Щ죬һţҶƽȫվظܵһׯصա
ţҶƽһһ˵ŻҶƽ࣬ţҲǺⲻɵؼǵĽա֮Ҷƽţһ
ҶƽȻңû˵ʵţ֣ţʵǳ䵱ίǵĽɫ
ҶƽֻŻ᳡һԲţºҲȿ˿᳡Ȼ󿪿˵ʡίίУٿһ飬Ҫͨһרǹʡһ鱨档ʡίѾͨˣڸʡίָʾίͨע⡣
ţһ˵ףұ֪ʲôˣȻǲ鴦ɲ飬רıдʲôݣȴҲеš
ҽŵؿţҶƽҶƽȻƽûκεı顣ҶƽӣҲǸе֣֪ҶƽΪʲôһԲ
ţ˿֮󣬱ǰרͨ˳÷ǳϸ¶ʲôݡţר˳ϵıȴԽԽ仯ˡ
˵ݴʱ˵϶òÿǳＸЩסΪݱعٳΪģר˵Щ˼ĳίʱҲǶԺҲ˵ǣŪ϶ôÿ


1168 ̬
ţһһذѻ˵̷꣬·ʱͣͣڰÿһ˶סͨеÿһ仰
Ҷƽ糣ȴڰй۲ÿһ˵Ȼ˵̬ҲʩһѹԵţ˵ʱҲڹ۲ɫԱһЩ
ţ˵Ա˵˼ңһʱЩţΪǸеҪˣȻ˼쵼ӷΧ֮УȴойƵġ
ɫˣΪ˼ͬ쵼רֱӽ˼ҵ˳ɶһЩѹ˵˼֮ר鱾Ҳǵġţû˵ΪҲڳҲ˵ˣᵼʡίû·ǿ϶ҪˡȻɽû̬ҪרҪء
˵˼ңţǽŸΣһ˵ŸίǸеšɫ΢ͷԸеѹ
ţҲû˵飬ҲθʡˣʡίǲǴǡ
ţʡίҪɵǣҪŸ˼˴λţ֮󣬱óʡί˵רһͨʡί˼Ҫϸר˼ִУŸ˼ҪְٿίίᣬҪ飬ǿһʲô˵
ţһ˼˵ˣұֻҶƽȻ˿ʵҲԼһ뵽ԼйҪס˵
һؼʱ̣Աñ̬ȣΪרʵҲǣֻûֱ˵Ƕѣ÷ӦһЩȰԼƲС
Ҹ˼ӵרʡίڵҪ̷ʡҪʡίҶǵǸҶǶҶǵĲҶǵĺȫչˣҲԴھΰŸ˼һһʹһƬˣˣǱҪദרҪǣҼ޳ɣͬ˵ְ񡣡
ȱԼҶƽ˵ǸȻֵǸΪʲô˵ΪҶƽļͥĲûܱҶƽĺӣ˵ζǸҲȻȻһˮƽ
˵ʱĳίȻҶƽҲɵؿԳԵ̬ȻһЩԾƺǳԵķ񣬵ǻȷʵǴ˵ˡ
һ˵꣬ĳίȻǸű̬ˣֵ̬ʱ˵ʱ˸еĽţ˵ıȽ٣ʾʡίţͬȥŸ˼˵ְ񡣶̬ʱеȥҪ˼ңڳѾ̬ͬ£ʱΪ˼˵ǱҪˣû˺Ӧġ
һߵû˱ʾвͬҶƽûʲô̬ȫǿŴ̬ΪкܴǣûбҪ
ţɨ˴һۣ̬ˣתͷһҶƽ˵Ҷǣ㿴
ҶƽҶƽ̿˵ҷӳίľ顣
ίӶʱҶͬȥŸ˼˵ְҶƽȻٶ˵ʲôֱӱʾˡ
ţһ˵ҶԼΪӦרʡίȥŸ˼˵ְǺãγɳί飬º֯óʽļʽְݷ飬˵ڸɲ齨跽Ǵһģϣ̷ܹ˼𣬹ͬάȫеָ̬̬ʡίУ縺Σ
ţⷬԣҶţ֮󣬱ҪɢᡣҶƽͻȻ˵˵䡣
ţһкŴҶƽ׼ԵģڿѾ˵䡣һ㼱æΪҲſһҶƽһʲô̬ȡ
Ҷƽ˿ңʮֵĳأһǣ˵ͬ־ǣղţǵĽʹҵķԣͳʹר⣬Ȼȥ޹أʵϣҲǸһεģΪίǣзһдСС鶼ֱӼӵйءûܰȫе쵼ã¸Ĺڲ㣬·һЩ顣˶ҸҲûмʱؽдΪǻҵģλʵʲôҾöԵңҲմҲᵽ̷ʡ飬ҸΪҲҪʡʡҹͨıȽ١ϣҶܶһЩǵľ߲ʧ󣬹ϻ˳ڻ߻ҶǹͬƶȫеĹ
ҶƽͻȻһ̬ôҴֲҶƽãʵһֽһ̽ר⣬ʵʾ˶ҶƽҶƽʱĻԿרѹƴҶĲĻҶƽһѹߵĵλᵼҶƽ
ֱҪҶǲ׼Ļ˵Ҷƽûѹǵȡ˾ûиãôҵ
Ҷƽһ˵Ե໥һۣĳίԲ˵гҪӦһҶƽĻȻԵô
һ룬˵ҶǵĻǴҶһǽһҶǵָʾÿһкõͽ鶼Ҫ˼棬ãǶҶ쵼¿չͬʱҶһˣʲôȷӦʱҶҶʲôҪҲҪȥִУҶ˵ģͬȫеĹá
ⷬҶƽı̬ĳίеǳѵˣҶƽոεʱûı̬ڣȴ̬ⷬˡ
г˵ǣҪʡίҶǵָʾѹá˱Ǹ
־棬ţҲǸе⣬벻Ҷƽ֮ⷬ󣬻һõãǲǷģ̬˵ԺеͻֺõתȥŸ˼ҵְԼרǵһЧġ
ҶĺܺãҶǵҪҲˣһҪŽҶΪ೤ίΧѸãʡίҪҲȺڵˣɢɣţ˵


1169 ˳ƶΪ
ţҶƽһ⣬ĳίǿ뿪󣬲һ˳ȥ
ƽǣȻȥˡţҶƽ֮˵
Ҷƽ֣͵칫¥¥£ţˡʵҶƽ˵˵£һְֱ񣬵ţûɿڣ˴ţ˵һ˵¡ǿǵǰ϶࣬ȷһŰɡ
תͷһ۳ԣԺһţġʱһӣ˵ҶǣǷҪٿһ᣿
ţ֮ٿ飬ðţͨ˵һ˵ʵҶƽʾáרеЩѹȻ˵ûдǶһְڽϴϰˡΪҪ븱ʡλӣȻҪ룬רʱǱָʡλˡ
һ۳ԣҶƽάͬ־־ǿͬ־ͬ־ͬ־һйǿɣ
ûбҪٿίˣҶƽǼҪ쵼ͬ־еһٰһ顣һ̻ȥǼʱҪȥҶƽİ칫ҿᡣ
˽ӵ̵֪ͨҶƽİ칫ңҶƽѾ칫Ǽʾ
Ҫ⻹ǶŸ˼ҵְ⣬ţˣյʵίҶƽȻҪر飬ţˣܲ顣Ѿˣ˵ʲôھҪ´򿪹棬ЩзԵ˱ֻ
ԱֳҶƽӣǰûй飬ԭʱǼӺܴȻҶƽͻǶҶƽָʾǺģȴǱֳԹԷӵ˼ˡ
үڱɶָ㣬ƶҪѧôһ㣬ҶƽͻһҪֳҶƽӣԶȹǰΣǴģĳίһͻλãǵìǴҪìܣרıҲǣרıص㻹Գԡ
Ե̬ȷǳҶƽý־ǿȥŸ˼ҵְ⣬һһ⡣ڴԺҶƽǿ˵ţͨרı棬Ҫʵã˼ҺŸְ⣬ίѾͨˣҪȥ˼ҺŸ˶ŵˣҿɳг־ǿһȥְȥģΪרľȥЩ󷽱㣬ɳгȥְɣ
ҶƽרŽԵϣóΪб飬ǳĻᡣ֪˼ҵĹϵȽϺãھȥְӶ˼ҲҲίʵʵؽְܱʵ
һĿһȻ֪Ҷƽ⣬ȴ޷ܾΪոձֳӵ̬ȣͻȻֲӣǻԭһҪεʱ򣬶˼ұְ̫⡣Ȼ˼Ĺϵܺã˼ޣְҲʲôӰ졣
˱̬ͰҶǵҪȥ죬Ҵӹȥְֻ˭˵λӣǲһ£
˼ҺŸְȻǿճλӣ˭λӣҵȻܹעԽ˳뿴һҶƽ
ҶƽʱȻҲڿ飬һֱ뽫ŸߣȻѹάйֳһֱûлᣬڻˣ㿼°ˡڻû׼ھ⡣˭˼ҵλӣﻹûкõѡ
ĵλ÷ǳҪһְҲкܶᣬôһλҪ˭أҶƽһʱûãǾ͸ڴʱˡ
һ룬Ҷƽʾʱɸְֹµѡ֯ٶڵص㹤ʵרָʾѾͳһʡίĸָʾʵǵսԣȫƽǵľúҵǰһӣǲһǾȫеľļӹҵڿЧԡгⷽĹҲҪץȻǵĹĿûа취ɣľļӹҵֻǵĵһһǿ϶Ҫɫչעʽ𣬴չҵչɫã
Ҷƽֽⷽһ֮ûʲô飬ȻҶƽҪȫʵɫľļӹҵǱȻ顣֮ǰڸһĵִչҶƽĲ
Ҷƽڽ֮½˽һЩ飬ҪԳԽģΪάм𾭼ùֻӦţʾȥԺץʵ
鿪Ժ󣬳Ե˱ɢȥˣҶƽеںתȻܰӰ쵽һЩǲһЩȨʲôӰ졣
ί߿ᣬǱ˼ҺŸ˺֪ܿҪǽְˡŸ֪Ժ󣬴ͻȻԼ׼뷨УʱȴͻȻְôû˳ʡˣǴС
רľ־棬˭Ҳûа취йֳλҲ˺ְܶ꣬ճ벻ġ
һֱڿʱ򣬽ӵί֪֯ͨйֵţҪȥҪŸһ֪Ƕְ
ڰ칫ţԴ˺ܿˣйֵ쵼ӳԱȫټԵıǳ࣬Ž־ǿ񡣽־ǿ֯ȻҪίǣŹֵĲ£ʱľãΪҲܵѹ
Ե֮󣬱ý־ǿ˶Ÿְ֮󣬳ԱǷίȥŸͬ־йֵίǺ;ֳһְǰʡίָʾԼȫеĹֶǵģϣйֵ쵼ܹί水ίҪ󣬰ΰĹáͬ־Ҫдֹֺ֧ͷίѹӺãйֵĹʱͬ־𡣡
Խ˽ҶƽойֵĹʱɳ񸱾ֳ֡һԼֹĻյ鼤һ£Ȼ˵ֹһͻᵱϹֳһġ
Ÿһʱޱ飬ڳԽ֮󣬱Ǳ̬ҷίҾί̴ְˣҶû׼ȥҵְʺϣһڿЪЪˣ
Ÿ˵Ļ˸оһЩ£˵ʵȷʵҶƽ̴ְģҶƽʱûְ̬ˡ
Ļû˵ʲôתͷ˿ûл


1170 ļҵķӦ
˰֣һҲûж˵ɢᡣռæȥͣŸȴһʱûȻǾԼһֹֹĻᣬͼڳǰһ£ֺóԡ
ʵϣʵҲԸŸ̨Ÿݴ꣬Ĺϵ൱Ÿ⣬ִгίľѣȥյı֣մ˾ȻǶˣܾйѡҶƽǳԣôڳǰҲûá
ⲻʱշǳڵȥͳԺ־ǿˣϳתͷʱſŸŵʱɫһ䣬æ¶΢ЦǰкŸž֣Ϣ
ղ֪ôð仰ŸҪת˦־ˡ쵼µľϢοʱŸոձ⣬ձϢǺξģŸǿ͸ˣ֮ǰǱȽġ
뿪й֮ͣȥѾӵ֪ͨ˼ҴʱȻҲ֪Լְ飬İ칫﷢Լϱְ¡
һоԼƽͷµİԼʲôϵԼʹҶƽҲԼ£Ӱ쵽ͣҲ˵жҶƽ뷨ԼЩ
ڸܶԼͬʱҲڱԹͻ쵰ȻɳĴ֮ǰȴǰΪͽкã˵Ϊݹٳ£Ҷƽѿ˵ʱ䲻͵ù
һЩˣͲô£ӦҪȵġ
ӵ֯ĵ绰֮˼ұһڰ칫棬ֵҲԵȥûһ㾫
Ե˺ܿȻ֪ҶƽԼְǰͷ˼Ǵʱпú˼һ³
˼ҼǴϵıҲǲÿһ˼֮󣬱׼һ£쵼ӳԱȫй
˼ֻðԱȥ׼ȻǶԹǣ˵ͷҺ£ƾʲôҪң
˵ĬȻһŵһ˵ɣ˵˲㡣
ĴҲǲˣֻ޷Ҿ棬ʹ뱣˼Ҳû˼Һ˵ʲôã
ᣬԵֱӽ˻ң쵼ӳԱѾԵ֮󣬿˿ֻ飬ίľ
֯־ǿίȥ˼ίľֱ˵Ҳûж˵ҲûбҪ˵
־ǿһ꣬Աǽ˼䣬ҪίάչȶĴþ棬˵֮ǿٱһ̬
һȻԸ˵ǳ֪̬˼̬ºҶƽ϶֪£ôͻĲɣǱһ̬Ϊá
һ±˵ίȥ˼ͬ־ְǺʵģίϸίҪȫ֣ЭѹãάչȶĴþ档
һȻ˼ұ˱̬˼ҿ˳Ժһۣǿ˵ҷίľһлҪ˵ͰҶǼҵĹӣʵΪãΪ͸˵Ϊûйϵ϶һΣҲ֪δӺζ˵ҶҶǸ˲Ӱ쵽ͣΪǲģҶǲ˲ֻһͱ˶ҶҲôܰ䵽ҵͷϣңϣҲҲΪ¾ͱְˡҲǳг˱ˣӣ
˼ҾȻĻүӵĶӣûļҵŸһũɳڣƸʮҲ˵
ԵȻҲ뵽˼һ˵˵ʵǸ⣬һ˼ңȥû
ɫһ䣬˵˼ңڽʲôίǷί˵ЩʲôʵʵؽίְԺٽԺ£𣿡
ɫõӣ˼ұﲻˣھЩ뷢йͳͷԿҶƽҲųһͷҶƽ֪Ժ˻ġ
һҡҡͷ˼ҵͦ󣬸ڹʾаţ
ʱĹ֮治ɫΪڵҲźܸߵ˴˼ҳ£ȻǸṩ˻ᡣ
ڿɲֵعڼ꣬Ҫ˭ġڹ۲ơڵ鲻ãǸе᲻Ҳ鷳ԭ˼Һ˶ǳ𾴣ҲǶҪƣܸ㲻ƼУĻ϶Ҫܴۡ
֮󣬳Ե뿪ȥǼ˼ﲻ󣬱һ£ʾȥһ£ʾһڡ
˺һۣ˼ҲͺһȥͳԵˡڳԵ֮˼ұʰһ¶ؼˡ
үӴʱ֪ӱְ£˼ʱûиԼӰ쵽ӵĽصԺҲûȥ˵ԼŽô졣
үҲϢӱ֪Լӱְˣ̴绰ǲģ˼ұֻóġ
һӣүӱùǺڹĶӡ˵ְ»ǳԴȥģеԲصˡ˵໥ϣһپ٣һȻڳ¼ˣǼˣЩ˰
үӱүȥһ绰뿴һүʲô̽һ³үӵ̬ȡүһӵĵ绰ʾԼ֪£û˸
үһеЩװԼ֪ˣǼһ֪ܲүӰ˼ְһ˵үӱ̾˵ͷʰºʳô¡
ȥүӷǳͬ˼ңʵϳү֪£Ųȥ£˼ұְעģ˭ҶԿרܱסԼӾͲˣļҳ£ǼǹܲţҲܲˡ
ү˵үӱóүڳǰ˵仰ץ취˼ٰһְλţĻ˼ҿ¾ˣ;ˡ
үӱӦţ˵Լһͳ˵һ˵£óԸ취һ£ǳֻгܲ˵Ͳ˵ˡ


1171 үӵ
үӦүӣүҲǸܳˣүӸĹϵٺãͷҪάӵ棬άԼӵ档
һȥݴƵ£ⱳҲųүӵ׿ϣֳͷ¶£үӲȥҲǸʹͳ壬ˣڳүӾȻ˼ҵ£ˡ
ϳүӻԸӦæģ£үҲûСͷүһ룬о»ҪԼԼڱְˣ뷨һ֮ӻְָ
Ҫӻְָ񣬿ҪõҶƽͬ⣬ȻϴȥݴƵ£˵ǹҶƽΪˣ֮ǰȻҶƽһЩ飬ǱϾûйһһìܾǺˣûҶƽʲôҪˡһԼӻְָµǱȽˡ
үȥоͰˣҶƽôҲΪΪѹݹٳڷͰר鵽Ѹͻ䣬ݹٳܵѹƣеһ͸ĸо
үһ룬ͷǳƣԼӣȴ벻ȻԿܻһ˼ңǿȥҲʵˣרȥԼӵְƨҶƽһȥˡ
ҲָΪԼṩʲôˣؼʱҪԼϹͷΪȡһЩ档
죬үӾȥһҶƽȻϴȥݴƵҶƽ״ǱϾרûнӴΪҶƽҲǱȽϹ˼ЩϸɲʹԼҲܰԼôһҪЦӭչǡ
үһ룬ģҶƽĿģһҶƽúõ̸һ̸ʾеηҪҶƽԼӲûжʾͰķûκεĹϵӦԼְʹְˣҲӦԵְ񣬲Լš
һ룬үӱԼһŮ͵ίԺȻ֮ǰȥݴƵʱǰģǴʱίԺȴһҶƽİ칫ҡ
칫ԱͻȻȲûеõ֪ͨͻȻҶƽǵȻҶƽ档
Ҷƽڰ칫칫һӵ棬üͷɵ˼Թԣ˵Ƿίȴʵϲ֪ǳȡʩǿǵǰһЩʱסˣû뵽үӻᵽίѵҪΪƽģ
һ룬Ҷƽүӣүӱų˵ԼҼϸɲʱֻŪϲÿȻпܳ飬Լͼʲô˵
֮Ҷƽ֪ͨ칫үӴүӱҶƽİ칫ҡһҶƽ߳ӭӣЦݵصϣôˣʲô绰𣿡
ҶƽԵ÷ǳⶼ˿ģǳ䵭үӣ˾ͻΪϸɲûأʱЩϸɲ֪ˣΪүƽ
һ˿˾˵ʲôˡҶƽүý֮󣬲ûùԱţү޷˵һЩ˽Ļ
үӿȴתΡΡذŸˣҶƽһûа취ܲܲŰɡ
ֻ÷үԱߵһɳϣҶƽԱߣȻܹĵ˵ϣڵܺðɣ
үһ˵ˣඣЩϸɲأҶǣҹûдɣ
ûУûУôǴأϹһʲôָʾˣ˵޷ҶƽӦһ¡
үһ˵תͷҶƽҶǣҶ
⻰һҶƽȻǸеЩϼһһѲļһȻԼ˵ԼԼߵĻԼ粻ˡ
ҶƽȻ΢Ц϶ʲô뾡˵ͬ־Ǻֵȡġ
ҶƽȻ΢ЦԣүӷҲЩˣֱ˵̽һҶƽΪ˵ⷬҶƽɫû뵽ҶƽȻ΢ЦݺͶԾС
˼һ£үɨҶƽһۣ˵Ҷǣ벻ôкȡҵ֪ĻҾͲȥݴƵרˣ¹ң
үһʱ˵÷Ƶ·ȥݴƵҶƽһƵġר˲Ҽ̫խˣԶԶûҶôؿ㣬רǻ˰ҲûһĽ˼ǳǸ棬ҿҲǲô͹ۣ
ү˵֮󣬾Ȼһת˵רϣҪڮרı棬ͼΪ˼ҷҶƽһϱԣֻ˵漰ר飬ﲻߵĵطбȥʡίȥȥ
Ҷƽزۣү˵껰֮󣬵˵˼ҶĽܣȥݴƵרҲ޻˵һͬ־עȡǵΪǵĽŷǷǻۡרɵģԸⲻԸϣϵжϣǳ̨ı棬͹۲͹ۣǲжϣϾǵԣȥʡίȥ뷴ӳﲻǷӳĵط˵ûʲôã
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵үͻȻеһʱҶƽһץסĻûȥֻҪҶƽûзӦȻͻ˼ҵĴ飬ȻҶƽ뷨Խһ˵ר飬Ҷƽǽиˣȥʡί뷴ӳȥ顣
ǽһΪԼӵȥʡί룿ûȤطԷһЩãһ뿪ݣ˭Դ
ȥʡίӳר鱨治͹۵Ļ϶ĲӵӰ춼ã޴֪ߵغĵز
ȴǰҶƽɵӶԴΪҶƽĵס
ǺǣҶǣ̸ֻһ̸ר飬ҾͲ˵ˣҶ棬Ȼ㷴ӳһЩ⣬㽻һݵһЩ飬չƣȻˣǺܹǱصķչԴҲˣЩѾݱصʵʣҾðǲʵֵģҲûע⵽ɲȺڵִҪƶһЩ飬ôܲѺʹ۰ԣΪҶԼǣҪ޲źã


1172 ΰ
үʸҶƽǰϵ˼ҶƽЦ˹Լߣ»Ϊӵ飬Ȼαȥһ٣
Ҷƽһ룬ֱӶү˵ϣҪҰܴ󰡣ǲ֪ΪЩʲôأ˲ԸԵ޹ʽ˼ҵĺ⣬Ҫ𡣡
ҶƽϵүһʱҲԺˣǰҶƽ˿ͬŵӣڿô°СԼզʵأԼ֮ǰȥ̬ȣҶƽʵĺܣ޷
үһһжϣҶƽԻˣ֮ǰǵЩǶģҶƽǿԽģûбҪԼӵ⡣
оˣʵ⻹û̸ģ̸ʵ⣬ûбҪˡȻҶƽô̹ʣͰʵ̸
Ҷǣ̫ˣҲûʲôҪģֻأʾ֧㹤ģȫ˶֧㹤浱ȻҵĶ˼ҡ˴ҳ˴ΪûרһЩ飬ֻˣϣҶ飬˼һᣬҪΪһЩϣҶǶչˣүڰʵ⽲ˡ
үΪ˼ҵġҶƽ飬ȫˡ飬ҲźܸӵĿǡүһѲԼʱԲܵոȶľ棬ٴٲȶأٴ˼ңǲԸģֻܸһְ
뵽Ҷƽϣ㽲ЩˣȲҪίҪһһҲҪչ˵ɲͬʱҲҪʡίָʾֻҪԸˣǶ԰ţİɣ
Ҷƽ˻شүһ룬û㵽ֹɣҲ˵̫¶ǣҶƽҲܴӦ̫ȷ׾ˡ
ҶӢˣЩͿˣǰһЩ¶㲻ס㲻ҪϰүͻȻҶƽ㲻ˡ
˵ﻰǶҺã׵ģҲϣһҪеģԺҶƽȥȻϵ˵
үһ⻰оԲ˼ڨڨЦţû뵽Ҷƽ˴ȣŸ˼Ҷƽ𲻵ʲôõġ
үǣȻҶƽͣһֱ͵¥¡Ҷƽⷬٶ̴ϸɲһԼˣҶƽ˿ǫ쵼ҶƽȥǾʧϸɲķˡ
ү뿪ҶƽسһȻ޲̴ϼһΪ˴֣Ҫ͡ΪȡЩϸɲ֧֣Ҫ˼ңЩ͵ϸɲǲԼȥ
Ǹ˼ңŸְҪãֻ˼һˣ˻˵ηϸɲʲôˡ
˼ҵһЩ⣬ϣȻûʲôͻԽչڿƺ˼ûʲô⣬ƺҲ˵ȥҪһΪãǲȥʲôǰְ
ʲôְأֻǸһв˼ҿδػ⣬үӻΪԼӦðһҪλС
֯һЩ˿Ҷƽй־ֳ˳Ҫ˾ӶߣҪ˼ȥֵξֳڿһȱкܶ˶أ˼ְ˼ҿ϶⡣
Ҷƽһ룬һţȵ˳˾Ӷ֮ٿһԵĻ˼ҵιֳڱýһЩԣȷ뱾صξӢڲ̫ѺۣرЩϸɲ
Ÿڱְ֮Ҳżڶţ־Уϣʡȥˡȥʡ׶Σ׶տʼԸӦΪŸոձְŸŸְ񣬿¶á
Ǻһ˼ǱҲҪżְָͬʱרҲǴǣֻǵְûиʲô͵Ĵ֣Ӱ첻ǵְаš
׶ӦʡְйְֳҶƽһֱûţҪһʱĿڡʡίҲûе˵ְ뵽ȵʡί˵ְ֮˵
ʡίٳûжҶƽеҲˣĻǻᱣڲȶ״̬¡
йֳһְҶƽѹάΣѾ빫ά̸ˣάԸһְȻ֪ҶƽһЩ飬ǹάһ뵽Ҷƽİû˵Ӧˡ
һְҶƽһʱ÷ǹ滮һĹԸŸġҰѾ˸ίǣ÷ҹάҪйֳֻ˹Ψˡ
ֿǣҶƽŴӱظɲѡһĿǰĹɺ֡ںҶƽôϤҲ֪ĹϵôǴϢµĶԱȽǿȻڻֻǳһЩȽܼԭ˵һЩָʾûȫõִС
ЩǴƿﴫģҶƽ֪֮󣬱˼ƷֱȽܼԭĻ
ҶƽǲĿǣأڰźʱŰƿҲȥĸƿԼҲһʱˣƿ֪ʶǳ㣬ǰڱ粻־ǲȥʵƷ
ΪԼ飬ЩʺˡྩѧΤ߲ʺϡλᣬƿȥƿĻǱ߱ȫԼһ˺һƿǱߣЩһɵӣƿϵʱЩ˾ͻȫˡ
űȽϲҶƽһ룬оһ֯־ǿйԼ˼ȥ죬óĿ֮ύίо
Ҷƽǵʱ򣬺Ҳڲϴѡ飬ȻλȴǺܽܲͶҽ֪ǳȥԼ˵ԸΥÿƣץסǸ˵ˡ


1173 Ŀ£
β֮תΪһǳĹٳˣʱڲ׽Ļᡣ˼ڵʱȻвŻ˵˲㣬ֻ˼ͷһЩĹ
ĺöɲ˵˼һͷֻ֣Ҫһ˯ţǳ졣Ҷƽʱ򣬷˯ˣʵ˼ҡ˼Ҳۣ벻ѡ
ȻҲǿ˼ң˼ûӵ֧֣Լͳ˵˼ҵҲһĵίǣȴıУλġ
˼һּΪּ⣬óԼΨ֮˳ӣҲóԼʲô鶼˦ƹ
ûʲôȫǿ˵һһϳλӵģȻҸ񱳾˼Ҳʲô϶෴ϵĻǳá
ȻҲ֪ǿ˼βסôһ£ҲǴʲôìܡ
ڣ۲⵽˷˼ǱְˣҶƽĹϵǳǢѾְпܱķ
£ٳƣԼܲܽһְݵĺһְȻǷǳҪһΪĽ㡣£Ȼǿǵһ棬ʱ˵ʵģȻδر˻٣ȡίҪ쵼ξǷǳҪˡ
֪ԼڣھſίҪ쵼Ķӽί쵼
ڵĴԼԼеӲˣίҪ쵼ìܣܼԭޣһίҪ쵼˵ͻλӡ
ȻҲڼ䣬ȵȥȵʱҲпĿ̫͡뵱̫࣬õĶȥˡڲ˵ίǿ϶ҪƵο֮⣬ô뵽أ
죬ðһգðյĻְֻ֮Ȼű˵ˡ
ˣһֹಽֹ֮ƾ˵̿չ˼ĹһѸִҶƽɫսԣٿ飬оʵɫʵʩϽڵҵչ飬ʵɫдʩӴ󹫹ʩ裬ŷ
ⷽĹԺ󣬺߶й滮й滮ֳϵ̸й滮顣
ȡһʩ飬Ųϵģûͬ˲£ҲĿŵزͬʵʩʲôɫսԣǰоһ»ǿԵġ
˵ĴȻҲѹǼϲòȻ˾Ҫףܰ;ϣ϶;ҪشתηȨˡ
ޣסȻҲ֪ר۷ǳãһҪʡίְ񣬵ڳǵõһЩϢ˵ʡίҪ쵼ͬ־ϻû¾ģҲʡίҪ쵼ûҪôӲ
ٿίίʱֱҪ漰شоҪõ׼׼γɾļʵʩ
˾ԺΪģڻٵѹܴ󣬻ȥԺЩѻӦ飬ѹĻûչˣ쵼ӳԱһģҲпЦģǺģڱײС
˼һ֮󣬺¾Ҫף뷽ϵΪ֪Ҷƽ֮Ĺϵ̸滮飬뷽нӴҲһֶΡ
ԭ˼һִһˮò岻Ķżǿ滮ϣΨУⷽ治ѹ滮ֵ¡
ڿȻǷǳӣ뺫һ̸Ҳܹɣ뷽̸ʱ򣬲о˹滮һר㱨ˣʵʩɫսԵ顣
˵ֻǹ滮ֳ쵼ûбҪ㱨ģʱȴ㱨ⲻˡ
Ϊ÷ͼģͼҶƽ˵һ塣ΪҶƽ飬֪ϢҶƽҪԡ뺫ӴԺ󣬱ܵҶƽҶƽ
֮ǰҶƽѾƿõһЩˡƿ֮ǰ뺫й˵˻УأȻҶƽǰΪ˵һЩûҶƽΪˡ
Ȼڴ֮ǰҲƿ˽ӴһҪжһҲҪ˸˵ûȻ֪ƿҶƽǰ˵ܲãܱû˸˵ĺá
ڷҲ㱨Ҷƽֻ֯һ£һвУڿƺͨˣھͿΰŵ顣
һ룬Ҷƽί칫Ա֪ͨİ칫һˣһ̬һǿ캫һǰϢݸ־ǿԼ˼Ƽѡп졣
һӵί칫ĵ绰ǼҶƽעˡƿһ绰ƿ͸ҪʲôǣʵǵذԼĹҶǽһ£ҶϲʵڵˣǧҪʲôٴյĶŪɳ׾ỵ¡
ƿԼȻֺ쵼滹ǷȱһЩʵҲһѶȣʵǵظ쵼Ӵǲ¡
һ룬ʮίԺȻҶƽİ칫ҡҶƽڴ֮ǰûнӴֻһȻǳģίͷŲҶƽӴĻ١β˼ұְҶƽóֹô͹Եó
ҲǸ׼ģֻҪʲô͹ԳǱ˿ȥѹơ
Ҷƽ֮󣬺첽ǰҶƽʺáҶƽڰ칫棬һ̧ͷǵ˵ͷ˵ͬ־ɣ
Ҷƽе̬úɵظеҪ쵼ӵеѹæ˵һҶǣʲô°ɣҲûʲô׼
Ҳǹ˵ʵ֮ǰ˳ֵ׼


1174 ѡ
˺һۣҶƽִ˷ǳĴȻڹڴˣһЩִ֮ƣôˣѵҪЩԴ
ҶƽȵûҶƽĻȻվҶƽİ칫֮ǰܹҶƽķԸ
һ룬Ҷƽ˵ͬ־ҲûʲôҪ£ĹǳҪԴֹĻ԰ɣ
Ҷƽһʣ㱨ϵϸţ㱨ֿС
Ҷƽ֮ǰֿУǵһЩҪԼʱ򣬱뷨ںԼ㱨ò뷨ˡ
Ҷƽţ㱨ҲǺСģ³ʲô󣬼Ҷƽӡ
ȵ㱨֮󣬺ǴվȴҶƽָʾҶƽ˿еǰԵ÷ǳҳϣҪҳϵģѡˡ
ͬ־ȥԺ󣬰ѻ㱨Ĺֱίγһ棬һĹ飬ҿֵƹ㣬ʵʩսԣҪٽݵĲҵǵĹҵ̣ΪĳҪҵҵȻܹ뷨ʵʩսԣǳܿɹҪϸһҶƽԸ
һϲ̴ӦҶǣһȥд档
оˣҶƽ˵ͷӣǹǣԺ󣬲ŷղҶƽİ칫ͷһЩСš
ȥԺ󣬺γһ棬һݱϱһݱ㽻ί칫Ȼ󽻵ҶƽҶƽյݱ֮󣬱ʾȻγһݹϢݹϢϣȫж֪ˡ
ʾһĹһҲǼӿ϶ίĹΪ˿ίǷֲģȻҲǱίȻʵҶƽûбί˼⣬˵
ҶƽúΪһƣ͹Գԭ纫кö˶λӣ˭ʣίһЩˡ
ͻȻҶƽʾĹͬʱԽӼ˺úܶΪܿǺˡһһЩ뷨ְλ˷뷨
ҶǴˣûϣȥֺαȥǿ˽⵽֮󣬸Ӹ
ѡδ뷨еҶƽڽ²֣Ȼû˵˼ҳˣίûǰǰǿӲ˼ˡ
ʱйֵĳ񸱾ֳҲ뷨ܽ־ֳһְȡķһûԿ£Ϊãҳ¼ȨѬ죬ֻҪڳԵĺһְֳֹܽλ
ˣֹڼ䣬ûаѾץΰ棬ŷԽӽȡԶ֧֡յܿ£ȻҲŰԼĻǹؼ˵˲㰡
ϵѹҶƽʲôͻʵרһЩĻгһְܱܲסһΪһˣŲ᲻Ǻ
ϣֻǱʾһֳ֧Ҫ뵱Ϲֳʡί֧֣Լ취Ŭ
һǸеЩʧΪܰﵽĿ꣬ڿԲ
ǵתͷȥӽҶƽʱԼûнӽҶƽҪӽҶƽʵʵڵȻʱѾûжʱˡ
Ҷƽ빫ϵҪάʡιʡصֳһҪ£Ҫ׿ϣ鲿Ҳ롣ΪˣҶƽרŻȥһ˾ǡ
ʱƽѩص˾ǣҶҲҶλˣûа취ƽѩҲֻøŻҶƽһģһȴֵ鷢仯ˡ
ҶƽȻؾֲҶ᯵ĸԤֻĬһһصǣȻ˼ңһ档
ƽѩֻٻؾϵݣһֱȥҲǰ취»Ҫؾȥ
һҶƽǱߵҶƽһƽȣõġƽѩ˵ͷ˿ҶƽоҶƽ֮ǰˡ
ЩҶƽƽѩ§סҶƽҶƽû˵ʲô־ˣѣֻἤĶ־ȻеԼЩˣǲûиеʲôס
ƽѩһʱ䣬ҶƽȥƽԶһˣݵһҲҪʲôġƽԶ֮ı棬ƽԶͷҪʲôģζҪסݳĻ¬ôԺͲˡ
ҶƽȻҲʶһ㣬ҥ֮ʣǳס﹤־ԼΣˡ
ڶ죬Ҷƽȥ˹鲿ԵάЭЭ鲿͹쵼ͬά顣
ɻݺҶƽȥҰɽ˻㱨Ҷƽҵɽ֮󣬱Ǹйֳ˺ܶ⣬뷨٣ΪˣԹкôеΰúõץһץ
ɽĻ֮󣬲һ£ȻԴûЭøĹϵֻҪڹ飬ֵ֧ġ
ʵҶƽɽЩΣΪרҪְ£ٳûжҶƽеЩ飬ҶƽⷽһҶƽˣֻһĸɲһûʲôͬġ
Ȼɽ׿ˣǺ˳ˣҶƽʡί֯ϵʡί֯صιŸϣȻ󽭶ʡί֯ǱҲЭ
ʡίȥ˹άϽйְֳȻάʰһݳǡ
ҶƽԽӴҰʡί֯°ٽԼʡ׶Լ˹ӷϴ
άȻǸеԼܵ˺ܴӣҶƽãĸеԱֻе֮ŬҶƽָʾˡ
°ٽ׶˼άԺԵҲʮ飬Ҷƽܰӽ˵ҶƽҲǷ˲ٵģֻнյķݣûоܾȨȻˣβѺһЩ
ڰҽտֹ


1175 
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ڰŹάͬʱŸҲͬʱְˣ˹ʡܶӵίʡܶӵίҲǸְһŸʵˣһҪʡ׶ĹͣƼ֮£ʡίͬ
ɽ֮Իͬʵ嵭ר˵ĵ顣ΪŸְ֮󣬰˵ӦٽΣŸҲΥصĹ涨ΪŸûܵʲô֣Ÿְǳְ˲һִ֣ҲûиŸϵĴ֣£ʡίŸҲǺġ
ϽһЩ˵ŸЩˣϾרְ֮ҪΪŸûùȴȻǲʡ
ǽܶίְֲһҪĸλŸʮˣθҲǿԵģʡίۺϿǣԼɽг嵭ר뷨ͬ
ڹάҲڴ˴֮УҶƽڲμʡίίʱûзŸ빫άһͨ
Ÿһʡ˼֪֮ЩżΪŸһְŸˣûлְָ⵱Ȼˡ
ү֪֮󣬱ҲЩȲˣҶƽǲڶأôڻûж
ļʱҶƽڹάʡһ֮ٿίίᡣٿίίĿҪо⣬⣬Ҫ漰ά˼ҡƿԼΤ߲
ƿΤ߲˵İŲ̫ĳίӣΪŵĲǸְλƿҪθΤ߲ҪΪί칫ΣʽҶƽ顣
Ե֪һ֮һ룬Ҷƽùάйֳ˼ҳйֳʵһˡ
ԹάʲôĻôҶƽ϶ڻ˼ҵŪʲôʵֻ˵һ뷨Ҷƽ֮ǰû̫˼빫ά⣬Ϊάʡйֳһָ䣬ѾЭʡί֯ʡٿίоһʽѡ
ǳȴǲ뷨ڲûҪҶƽԵ˼ЩҶƽ˼ңҶƽκҲ˼ңΪ˼ȻֱҶƽʵʩ˺ˣҲһߣӵĽߡ
֮ǰֻ˵үȥҶƽ̸һ̸̸ʲôүȴûж˵үҲǲų¼ˣûкͳүӹͨ¡
һԾҶƽЩתˣеҶƽڷֻϸɲ飬ϸɲʵԵĶԿԭӳү໥֣һЩ飬ͷ¶棬үͷǰ档
Ǿһ֮үӿ²ôˣ˼ϣǼȷʵЩ̫˽ûչ˵ļҵ档
ûϵҶƽչ˵ļҵ棬Ҷƽһү֮ʲôףǳ¼ļҵĹϵӴ֮Ƕˡ
ڶԺİţȴһЩ΢ʵģҶƽЩ£Ա֮ǰҶƽʾҲǿˣڹҪΪɻеҶƽⷽ˼
־棬ûʲôõӦԴʩƱҪҶƽִִ֮δػõĽȥҶƽνִߵ֧ҶƽγҶƽŽЭӡ
ҶƽıԣҲŸıԣڳίٿʱûκ顣ȻŷԺԲԸͷԣˣֻڳίʱ򣬾ֱʾͬ⡣
ƿΤ߲ˣһҶƽ飬ҪθҲһʲôҪİţƿһֱμߣԭļ𲻸ߣڵͷ˵һ
һţҶƽƿ˹ͨҶƽΪʺȥһЩʵ£ҪǴַأҲˣʵһЩʺˡ
֮ǰ֮ҪΪ飬Ҳſڱصμ߶꣬ϢͨԭȫеҲˣҲûбҪˡ
ͬʱΤ߲顣Τ߲ᣬڰ칫ʱ֮ҶƽԼã顣
Τ߲ǲʿί칫֮ǳοԱְΪί칫ΣΪ
˵漰Ҷƽ˵⣬ίҶƽӹȥһԼˣ˼ίǵȨ
˳ͨάʽй־ֳʡƽİʵЩΡ
ǸĸɲάҲǸĸɲһʡҪŹй֣άδػġڴҲ֪άҶƽ֮ĹϵˣҲöԹάʲô쵼ˣʹ뷢ʩ¹άҲһ
ڵ֪֮󣬱ȻԵúˣһʱ乫ֵĹԽԽֵһֵĸоȴӭ¾ֳֻٻص񸱾ֳλϣı˰Ҳûð
άȻѾϽζľֳˣʶ㣬ǿ˺ܶ࣬һʡĸմ֮󣬲û̫ȥյĸܣղʵһҶƽ뷨ոȥ
˼ҵйֵξֳһţ˼ҷǳˡȻֳȣôһ࣬Ϳôְλ֮Ĳˣڱ˵й־ֳҪõĶˡ
쵼λϣ˼ҵĸоǲһعԽԽҪλȨҲܴ󣬴Ӵ֮ǴֳλϰɣǲܵˣǱסְλӦûκ⡣
صУһүӻ㱨үӾǵ˵ͷоҶƽͦõģûƭڰ˼ҸźˣһһʮҪְλԺ󣬲ٶҶƽʲôľٶˡ
ļһʱܸˣǺܸˡ˵ԸԳˡڴ֮ǰһֱŵʹҶƽʾĹҲǸеûе׵ģϾû̫ǿĿɽܵȷʵǷǳˡ


1176 
ʮ죬ίῪԺ֯ȥίľ֯ŵһȥĻƿƿ˴γθҲ˵ǵóԸϾڴ֮ǰֻձһôϲļ߶ѣô̵ʱϸı˵һˡ
ƿȻ֪һεģûҶƽ֧֣ʹıҲнĵλ뺫ĹϵȻҪ뺫ʵҶƽһЩʩ죬Ϊ֮
һ棬Ȼͷǳ϶ǲܵԼˣίǵλϣЩеΡΪ¼ڴҶƽͬʱҲˣһЩ˶Ϊǰ¼ӰӵӰӡһӰ˼ңְָˣڶӰӾ
Ȼûбְܵרʡίʱûִרľ뿪ˡ
Τ߲ʽҶƽί칫ΣͬʱΪҶƽ顣ִΤ߲Ȼ֪һǳҪĻᣬܳͬ˸صõΣܵ쵼ʶԼУݷǳҪ
ǿǹ滮ֵĸֳܵҶƽãҲΤ߲ˡҶƽǰΤ߲ǳСģϾҶƽǰģҶƽãǳҶƽ
ϵĵӰ쵽һЩĵı仯ҶƽǿάĵúܶʶҶƽԽԽҪϤԱ˵ΨףھΨˣ׽ˣǲõģҪʵԼĿ꣬Լʩ죬ͱһЩ˼뷨ӽˡֻҪ£ͻõá
ڴ֮ǰÿ˵һЩ˿˶ߣܵʱӰ죬һǣĵعԱ˾룬Ǵ˴κã壬ҶƽûиµģϾҶƽίǣһʡίίҪסƨıҪҶƽ£
Ժ˱ôĶЧһЩ쵼󣬿ʼʵίķչؿʼʵʩսԣίһ¡
ڳԵ˱ֵ͵ͬʱҶƽóʤ׷ӴȣȫƽսԣݽΪһǳС
ڴչ֮ǰҪȷԼжܵһЩ˵ĳ⣬үˣȻүڶƺûʲôԹˣѱϸɲ뷨˼ʵڲϲ֮ˣǳڻìܵĿǣŲ˼ҡ
֮ǰϣǸйֽ֧ӵĶӳ־Ҷƽʼˡ
־ԭгʡʵĴӣʡʻһСо̣¢нŵһЩ⣬ڴǱ߻п󳧣طǳȻ˵Ժ˼˵ǼһǱȲϣǮƷȴǾѷɫҡ
˼ϣһֱûҵͻƿڣΪ˼û־ǰ̰˼ɣҲûһ̳ĴƵĵܵܡͬʱ˼ϵϰӴûôģЩϰ˼ûе̨֮ǰҲٱָ
Ҫǹ˼ļеελϣò顣һ־ǺĶ࣬־ڽ֧ӵĿڱǳһͣƣһ滹ȽϰԵ⣬ŵĹȽϻңûʲôʡڣ֧Ӷӳһְͱˡ
Ҷƽϣһǲ鵽˺ܶݣ£־Ǿ̫ˡ־ʡϴүһݴƵµˣĿ׼үӣھͰĿ׼ˡ
ڴ֮ǰŻһ飬һĳдؾʱصĽ˫ִ˾ͱȫĹע
ȥֻһ°˾ץ񣬵мطɷãʵ࣬ԭطĽר迨·ĴȻôӴ˾ȡǮƣ˾·ʱǲˣÿζǸǮͨһΣеոսǮֽǮǳ⣬ټ˼˻û׬ǮһʱߣټϵʱнԱɱˡ
һƪ֪࣬ܶ˰ìͷָŵĹϡڶά־̸ϸأίǳдֽ̣¸ѹȥĽ⳥ɱ˵Ĵ˾Ҳ־뷨ƽˣиһʲĿǲҪȥϷ£Ϣˡ
ʵϣصȫеطҲֹֻûдôˣ־ͨʽžǮƣȻһֽ潻ӵС⣬һǽ˽֧ӵС⣬ķ־ŲжΡ
·֮󣬽ŵΪ࣬־ûΪ¶еΣȻĽ֧ӳְ񡣵һ£Ҹȼڴأַһ˾뽻ŵĳͻֻǴ˴ûˣ˾Էﱻץ
˾ʼйزźԩٴǶԽΪĹעϣ־ıеġҶƽ֮󣬱ҶƽǷ־е顣
־˵ⱳ϶һΪʡлһĻֱӰ־ˣǳĴ
ҶƽҲ￴˸⣬ǾǴ²־˸ܵ⣬ǣϵͳźܶ⣬ֻǰ־һץ£ôܲӸϽҲЧȵá
ҶƽҲǸеһ⣬ǾϣڲǼίǣǼίһ֣ûԼľȨȨڼίϡϣǱҪ㱨ԼȻȥһЩ飬еԼϲáԼίǣǼίǣ¶ҪԼߣĻûչˡ
һоȨļίԼ˼·ģôԼûбҪ±ع׵ȥһЩˡ
뵽ҶƽеίǵĵҪְλĵҪȣʹ˲ҲҪ뷨ߣһܺĵļί
һʱʡίţûϣһ뿪УﲻΣʬλزͣ뿪ȥһʺĵطȥ


1177 
Ҷƽһ뷨̸һ£ϣԼѡ뿪治ʺϵμίǣһϹţûжԸʹ黳μίЩΪˡ
еμί꣬һĸɲûв鴦ҶƽҪ飬й滮ֳɲǲᱻ鴦ġ˵ԼǸоȥûа취еǳӣԸˣֻץһЩССϺȻܷţеļͼ칤ԶԶС
Ȼǹʡ֮УҲݰҶƽ뿪뿪Ҳô׵ģҪ֪˭Ҳ뿪ڵλӣûкõİ֮ǰǲԸ뿪
ҶƽŸһЩѹֱ־һһ룬־йܾͲˣʱӸһ«ǾΥˡ
ȥҶƽ̸һ̸̸̯ܹԾĻ뷨뿪еġ
еԼİ칫ңҶƽк׼úõ̸һ̸
󣬱鵭ȻرȥӣҶƽǸеЩ˵ֱ˵رҪ뿪ݣǸе̫ˣ˵ôҵһأ
Ҷƽһ룬˵ǣй̸̸ģͼǱߵĹûʲô𣿡
ĿֱϣܵĿ⣬̧ͷ˵ͼ칤ʲô⣬ҶǶָʾ
ҶƽĻ֮ûлشĻ˵ǣѾ˰ɣ
һ˵⻰شѾһˡ
Ҷƽ˼һµʱ䲻ˣʡίҲÿˣͬĻҿԵʡһ飬ʲô򲻷ңȻͼ칤ǴһģǶĹһǿ϶ġ
Ҷƽ˻һ˵ʱףҶƽ˼ˣҶƽ뿪С˵ʵڻҲ뿪أţͬ⣬ǼͼϵͳˣȻ˵ʡίܸ֯ɲڼͼɲϣʡίǻŲСĻȨţͬ⣬ԼȻҲûа취
뿪֮ʲôЩ˵ڵ䲻󣬵ҲСˣ˵ɣԣǲҲûл˵ΪûʲôܰᵽһصĸλǼȥҲǴӸǾͺˡ
ҶǣݴʱǲˣԼҲеŶһλˣʡ£ұûа취ҶܰҶһλĻҲʲôõĸλܰһȻϰɣһ룬
Ҷƽ˼һ£˵˼ˣ뷨ţ˵˵ұ֤Ը
Ҷƽһۣ֪Ҷƽ˴ιǾҪˣΪλ̫ҪˣﲻҶƽҪȻҪ뿪ҶƽҪ⵹һ¡
ʾһлȻ뿪Ҷƽİ칫ҡҶƽ֮󣬱ʵĿģһ񣬳Ϊ쵼ɲһ£ڵмί֮ǰʡͼίĸɲʡͼίʱǸļͼΣȻǸ˵ʱΪλ쵼·ŵġ
ҲӰ쵽˵ĹԵԭ֮һγ˭ҲҵԸ񣬵ϺˣûΪͼɲĵ
ҪΪһĸɲҶƽеǹˣֻǿʡͷô⣬취ó°ٽͬ£ȻȥʲôطȻԭǼίˣѾʺϴڼίˡ
Ҷƽһ飬濼һ£ðȥȥûȥʡãʡǱҪһЩ飬ȻûڴʡίãʡʵȨʡȥƻ⡣
ҶƽȥһʡҪεõõֲ֧СʡͷɽĹϵ̫ǢãɽȻʲô϶ҶƽǵУͬѧƽʱн̸ȻǺˡ
ɽ֮ûϸִרľ˸ߣҲҶƽĹϵйء
Ҷƽһ֮ǿЦȻǸԼƼ˲ţ
һЦƽ˲ŲԼãƼҿǵ𰡣
ҶƽЦҪΪʡ˿ǰԼ˽Խ˲š
ЦЦƽҿǲǱİҲôõƼ˲ţ
ҶƽЦʡĬҲһ㻹ˣʲô¶ӲʡĻ۽𾦣ġ
ЦҾ֪£˰ɣ˵ɣʲô°˲йϵ
Ҷƽ˵Ű齲˳˼óæʡͷһ˵͵£αٸһƽ𣿡
ҶƽȻУϵĻԣֱƽԺˣǲˣֻǸһ𣬲ʵְĸλǨһɣ
ʡƼһλȥʡƼ֣һѲԱְλ㿴вУһ˼һ˵
Ҷƽһÿԣ˵ǾȥʡƼְɣŻȥϣ⵹һϵĵλ
˵ͷ˱̶飬ʱɳ飬ֱӰʡί֯¾ˡҶƽԼǲȥҳ°ٽˣֻǵʱ֯ʱ֯ǰ˵û
黹ֻгܰˣ°ٽδܰ飬°ٽȻ֯ĳˣҪõɽ׿ϣĻˡֻҪҵó°ٽк°ٽͲò飬ȻҲҪɽɽһǳкҲΪȥ
ȻﻹһҪǾţţʡίǣҪͼɲҪõͬ⣬ҶƽԸȥԼȥңԼԸˣţӲҪ
£ţȥѾ֮ǰҶƽҲҪ뿪ôҲûˣֻͬ뿪С
ţһɿڣҶƽ߾ǺˣڽߵͬʱҪµļίǣίһְ˼һӣΡ


1178 ͨ籨
ҶƽȻҲϣмίǣϣʱ̫̣мίǲʣְֻλ
ԸȽǿӲڸʱ֧ϣ참ȻûеιίǣǱȽּ֧ͼ칤ܹԼ뷨μίǣԼȽϷġ
֮ʡί֯ܿͬʱμίǵѡҶƽҶƽȻͰƼȥ
Ȼ쵼ӳԱʱ飬Ϊûмͼ칤ľ飬ʺϵμίһְʱȻûзμίǣǾոյתμίǣǲ̫ƵһЩ
飬ҶƽǱȽϼģֻҪʡίίͨҲûֹľΪеίǣͬȻһɣͬ飬һ첻ɡ
ţμίǵľʡίίٿԺʡƼֵѲԱڷ쵼ְˣҲʡƼֵ쵼ӳԱ岻ãȥʡƼȥˡ
ʽмίһְϣٴδ˰ӡ֪Ҷƽмίǵ⣬֮󣬵ȻҪҶƽҪѹá
Ҷƽڵ־ϣǼ򵥵־˵⣬Ҫϵͳڵ⡣Ҫȴӵ齻ϵͳڵ֣һһҿӣܼٵ־˵
Ҷƽ֮󣬱ǿʼ齻ϵͳڵΥΥ⡣мίԴ˾ԩΪͻƿڣȫвרԽϵͳר飬ΥΥ͵⣬˫棬
ؽȫ˵ҵĲţΪпԴһһҪͨڶ࣬ؽΪ˴ձǴ⣬Ȼ֮ԸҲн֧ӵйءΪ־ҲŷƣĽȻư˸⡣
ɳΪһص㣬ҼίҪ飬ȻҪһͻƿڣȻرֵôɫǾͰѴصصĿˡ
ǽϣɣָֻӣֻҪ֧жȫϽаռǿˡ
ϣȥʱԺʵ˾ԩصġмίǣίǳسöӴȻļίǵˡ
ͷˣϣǽкţʵмίҲӵй˵ľٱҪ쵼һٱǰⲻǵģҾٱдķǳȻյЩٱţǼίҲûЩ顣
ǵʱϣͲɵ뵽Ǳٱ飬Ҫڵ齻ӵͬʱעѼһйص˵ܰһӳ
֪ϣ֮Գͷ˲ŻһϣĵλλҪ쵼ûбҪô飬޷ϣ֮ĹϵȻչһ´ء
Ȼ֪ϣǸʲôģȴ֪ôһ鷨ŵͷȻҲעţǹעĲϣԳ飬ǸеЩġ
ϣ֮ҲӦţܰιĿĸǣйˡ
ͷ˰дһҪúչ˺ϣһУϣһм˸еʲôĵطϣפд֮󣬱ǿʼԵ
ӴعֳʼһһеʻȻűǷֹܽĸֳԼӳжӳ·ľ񾯣ȫһ顣
عֳдʻʱϣϵıǳšعֳϴΪҶƽܵطĳײһδ֡Ҷƽʱ赭дûаʵڳĴַǳ⡣
ǵʱҶƽûʱ;ȥڼƽЩ飬Ǵ˴ϣͻȻ齻飬й̸ȴǾźܴ⡣
ڴطֳһݽɫؿǳ빫ֳύΪֳŴֵȨֳǵҵ̫ˡ
ϣֳֹϵ֮뷨ڵ齻ʱҲһֳûʲô⡣
ŵ鹤룬ϣ֣ؽ̫࣬ԭһڽĵ飬ڿһҲ겻ɵġ
Ҳ֣ڴؽе飬ͨ籨ŵ̫࣬ߵոսĳˣǱͨ籨׼еĸ̫࣬ȥĻµЧá
ϣذ참ĸؽа참ҸίǰңⷽԸԺܺõϡ
صתôصĽеţڴѼϣֱӰѴؽӳͷֳֹܸԼжӳͨȫؽѶ
˶ôعֳе׽ţȥίǳ㱨Բߡ
ֳ׼ǳˣϣı鷽оҪԴصĸɲˣڲûаѹֳ鷶ΧҲԸܵһΣˡ
˿ֳһʱҲû⣬ϣߵֻһЩСɫƼµĸɲίǼʹҲûа취
ǹֳˣҲǲãһ룬ǰؼίǽй뷨һϣʲôרԽĿģֻԽؼίͿԴˣмί档
ؼίҲָʾŰ취һͨϵøؼί˽Ŀǰĵչ
ؼίǵֶɻϣע⣬ؼίȻǼͼϵͳĸɲϣȽϤǲұ֤ͻվмίһϵ飬ƻҲǴڵġ
ϣڸǱߣʱصмίĽչڵ֪ؼίпܴӵ㽨ȡһĴʩŪ鹤˳
ؼίйܸɲҪȡʩߣҪίͬ⣬һҪٿίίᣬڲЩ
һ룬һʡͼɲѵҪμӣ룬ѧϰ˴ؼίǣʡǲμѧϰ
һӵмί֪ͨؼίǵȻܲӣί˼ȥʡǲμѧϰؼίһ뿪أĸжȻûȥˣ֪ȻҲûа취ûüίǲȥμѧϰ


1179 ɳĩ
Ѵؼίǵѧϰ֮ϣĵ鹤˳Ȼ˰ͨϢԵ鹤иš
ϣӴ˹ȣûȵѽӵףһŵİȴˡ
ǵص鴫ȥ˵ר鹫ֵģ˾ǷӳڴǱʱ˶ǣЩٱȺڸдһоٱȺڳ֣פڸĹϾͻȥдûӽ顣
Ƿ˵ģû뵽ϣֽصתƵ˸ءһ֮󣬴ߵȺڱͲᵽؾٱˣǺ˵Ȼȥ˸أǻǵص飬һ˵˿ųȥؽоٱ
һ˾ٱǴصһɳٱɳǱˣҶƽ֮ǰصʱǸɳ
ʱǱͷְˣǺֵѲӵӳȥˡ˾ٱʮԪĻ¸ܻ¸֮ȴûаףҪǮһ֮±ҵ˾ٱ
֪ڴؾٱûκãð˸ؽоٱ鱾ûŵĳһɳģİӣǾǿϧˡ
һϣϣû˵ǾԴ½һʮ򣬶Ǯʵ£Ҫٲʰǻ
˻ûбʱɳǸ鴦ˡֽܹĲ·ˡ
Ѳӳǹί˫ȷҪһԽϣôδؼίҰ񽻸ǣ⵼˫ѲӳñȽϼޡ
ϣһתԽԵ齻ӵ壬еĹвɲعֿʱֱڻϽܹ˫ˡ
ϣһ߻мίһιȥùֺʹؼίϡֵطᣬȻǲ׼ǹġܹʱ֪ίҪ˫£Ҳ֪˵˸ػٱ
Ե᳡ʱûиܵκ⣬̹Ȼȴżίǽʻвɲ໥̸ţΪӵ飬Ҳǵ£㲻ôԼ᲻üί˸ߡ
Ա֮󣬴ؼίŻ飬عֳҲֳάмίԱһ칫ţȥҪ˳̸
һ̸˾ܹܹȻûϵһȥ̸ΪԼѲӳûôҪһ˾ͻֵ
ȥҲֻ˹ȥίǰ·һмίİ칫ҡ
һ칫Ҿ൱ڿˣһѶӣһȥǸˡܹʱеܲ죬Ϊ̸ȻǲһʱûзӦΪ̸ӵġ
ȵ֮мί˱ǿʼûʮ¸£𽻾顣мίһʵ飬ʱɵˣΪû뵽мί̸顣
ܹʸڷ飬һϣмί˱֪ͻƲ˰ӵģҪͻưӻҪȥмί̽ؼί˽йǰԱܹתƵȥе顣
ؼί˻Ϊܹǣӵ飬æţֱܹüί˸ˡ˵̸ҲֹһʱҲûиǣֱмί뿪֮󣬲ű̸֪ظҡ
Щ˳һȴЩԣое㲻Ծô̸һ˾Ͳ̸ˣܹأȥˣ
ֱʱܹüί˴ߵϢŴΪʲôҪܹߣԼ֮δģҶ֪
ٹ죬ܹ˫Ϣڴ˳ʱҲףϴεν̸᲻һӣĿľץܹģ˸еĶǰ
ܹڱصĵ֮ųԼܻ¸£ܹǳǿӲһⷽ£ҲܲסѶľ޴ѹų顣
ܹһ˫棬عڲ˾޴죬ֻܹһССѲӳȴǲСôְͳѲӳΪֳĹϵǳǼڸҲźǿҲǮмίҪƻŪ
һ˵ȻŲͬ뷨е˹ƸˣΪֲ棬еȴǰܹ̾ܵùӵ˻ûг£ȳˡ
仯Ļعֳ־־֮ǰڼί̸ʱͱ쳣ش⣬־ӦⷽķӦһʱûʲôȻͲȥ£ֻԽΥ͵е顣
ڽܹ˫֮ϣʵܹҳһ־˼־ȻҲ뵽һ㣬ܽţܹ֮Ҳûʲô£ϾԼ£ڹڵʱϹһЩеģҲ㲻ܹ֮ôǣ̫ˡ
Ҳ뵽ܹҲһˣӦǣˣҲûʲôô־뷨ǶԵģмίȻܹȡͻƣܹϣֻʮǮ飬ʲô鶼ϣԶԶֹʮ顣
ܹͻƣϣֻʱ뷨תԽӵе飬ܹƽ˾ؽд
ӵֻǲΥΥ͵飬漰黹ûв塣ӵڱȽϱţŶԿ֯顣ϣһͻư취רһˣࡣ
ϣΪԽӳΪصͻƿڣֻҪͻ˽ӳˣϿԲ鵽ֳֹܸ¿Բ鵽ͨ񾯣ͻͻˡ
ȻһһãЧϾ˳ȻӳʧְҲСԼ˻¸Ⱦ⡣
ϣɽص齻ӳļͥƲ鲻֪һһ෽飬ӳǺԼǶз¼Ｘʮ֮࣬Щһǧ
һ֮ϣ˶Ƿǳ𾪣ò˼飬ϾֻһСسǵĽӳ
ҲÿˣҲòľˣֱӽ˫ɣôƲԹشΥͣ˫ˣȵ˫Ժʰӳ̸ֻܶ֯޷ʵѶֶΡںˣתƵݳǰɣٺúѶ


1180 Ժ֧
Ҷƽڰϣ齻ϵͳͬʱҲĹŰҵصίԼȫץøصĽͨ⡣
ͨⲻؿ϶Ƿչġڰʡͽʡŷչùķḻ飬ڵ˸ԺҶƽ֧£Ȼ뷨ƽĹ
·޽һҪĹҶƽΪרЭʡͨͽͨȫ飬Ҫ·
֮ǰ·֮ûҪǵȺڵķԣʵǸص쵼ɲûн˼Ⱥڵ֪ΪƵķչûи·ǾԲеģⲻǽⲻ˼⣬ǲ·ѾҪƶıԵˡ
ڸרų˸·ָӲ·Ľ⡣ҶƽһŬ֮£ͨһĴڴӸضӵĸ·ϣ˸ûи·ʷ
޽·һС飬ҶƽķչչֿĹҵƻڿʼʵʩ
ֻеݳǻǴһ˼ûнţûиƵ״֮£ڰܰԺ󣬴ҶһЩǣö˰Ͳ뿪ݳǣȻרĵһЩ˵뷨գš
ҶƽȻöǰʵˣ˽µİȻӿںԺ󣬶Ժ˸ĳ⣬ȨίίίȨȻڵƵп⡣
ΨһҶƽҶƽûҶƽôȨ޷ʩչںίľߵ˰˶޷зһ˿أһЩϴؿչ˹
뽨һģŹҵãΪֻչҵûĻǿ϶ǲеģ˺ǲ뷨ҪԭĵĻϣģȫʡһת˻أӿķչ
ںһ뷨ҶƽȤΪչĸɲǳ֮͡ԻһЩҪĳԹôȻ˵ڵĳǰʮֵ˳ˣûнȡ֮ģûеǳͷۡ
ҶƽŽԻίάϣǣһشµֻдҴɹʶԺ󣬲ʵĿģڵǰ£ݵĸȻѾҡǻûдﵽҪĵزʡί쵼㻹ӵҪ֧ߡ
һ뵽飬Ҷƽֳ֧ͨг߷İ취ʩѹչǸ߷˺öǱģǷİǸ߷һʡ쵼İְ֣;Ҳ൱˳ø߷£ҲǴﲻĿġ
Ҷƽһ£ø߷ǿλ໥Եһ£ǿȥгø߷߷׳ɣöý򽻵ͦʣ˵λӻһ¾ͺˡ
Ҷƽͷ뷨ڽӵ潨ĵĽԺҶƽרŵӲ칤Ը身֧֡
ܵͬ£ҶƽίΪίǣȻҪ֮ͬҶƽǳȲʾ׽ҲǹɫֻǺƽȡı档
ӵ֪ͨίԺҲҶƽҶƽ֮תͷ˵ͬ־ĵ飬ͬ־ûУ
Ҷƽûȥ飬˺ȴǰҲ˵ˡڽĵ£˻㱨ÿɷû֧֣Ҳûзԣʵѹƺһ£úβ̵úܸߣֲ˵ͬ⺫뷨Ļ̫ˣֻҪʾ֧֣ûȫɵ
ҶƽĻǿһ˵ˣඨ˰ɣ
Ҷƽתͷͬ־ǲӣ
Ҷƽʻֻ˵Ѿˣ׼Ŀʽ²㣬ǻ취ʽС
ҶƽĻ˵ʽӦ⣬ؼûпδչƣȻᶨȥ顣ΪһַҵչǷǳǱģȻҪҵ𣬵Ƿҵķչ׳һƣץסһ㣬ȫصĽ裬ǾץסĹԲֻҪؽǾǴ󹦳ίǼһ
ҶƽĻش𣬺ǸеǳܣֻĬȻˣҪ뿪˼ΪеڳԲԸҶƽʲôͻ£ٴѾ壬ҶƽҲǲõʲôôģԶҲְȻˣα˵ʲô
ûб̬Ҷƽֱӽһ˵ͬ־벻һ
΢΢¶һЦݵǵȻˣʱǹҪѷˡ
˵һȫȥƽĿȡٽķչ
Ҷƽ˵ͷȻͺһȥ׼˽ĻصĵطһҶƽ֮󣬱ǰͺҪ쿪չȡһҪЧʡ
Ҷƽ֮뿪صίԺһȥһǶĵĽ蹤һҲڸúΪĲģŪûʲôԡ
֮ͷǳˬˬҲûãҶƽ𲽰뵽ڲˣҶƽһܻáһ飬ЩԭʱȫһĶֵأȫ˵㣬ҶƽҪʩͨȻҶƽֱӰŵˡ
ͨ£ҶƽҲǸеһĸҲҪܽעһֵ䱸ڸʱҪһִˡʵһܺõִˣŵλϣǺֳܿˡ
𺫹ı־ǲǿ⣬ܺͺһܸɣٲٶģһ뵽飬ǸеЩµûţʡίͷ鲢ûȫ֧ȫ֧Ļгõˣٸ䱸һʺϵгھǿţͳ˶еǳĲڡ
Ҷƽһ룬ȻԲöǻȶһ˰ɣˣίǻвٵķȨġ


1181 ְԵ
Ҷƽʡͷȥҳ°ٽ߷ǿְ뷨°ٽĻ֮󣬲ûбʲôֻ̬Ǳʾе쵼ȻҪҶƽϾҶƽ֯ӣʡίӦ
Ҷƽһ⻰ȴǲΪȻе쵼ȫĻ鲻ᵽֵزȻ˵ίǣһʡίί˭֪ʡίǰɽе쵼䱸ǳӣû׿ϣе쵼ӿ϶޷ġ
°ٽ˵߷ǿ˵ְֻǽһ¶ԵûдҲûда˵ֻҪ˱ͬ⣬ʡί֯ûʲô
˳°ٽ仰Ҷƽͷ߷ǿ˽̸ȡǵ߷ǱʵɵúܷΪһöˣгһȽæµְ񣬳԰Ѻö鶼ƸŪͷö֪ǳԹôɵģùȻ
֪ôģԴγгԵĹϵһ㻯ΪԭŸҶƽ棬öԸԣʵڲһܻˣҶƽûпʼûиܴΡ
һ߷ߵı־һ㡣ҶƽǱȥְȻ˵гæǳгʵȨ󣬶ǱߣȻûггʵȨĻǾǵڽԼĵλˡ
һ˵ͬҶƽĽ顣Ǹ߷˰֮󣬾ȻӦҶƽҪˡڴѧʱѧĳģҵʵȥߵģȴǷֵʡͷ飬Ȼӵİ£һһߵλӡ
ȥΪܼߵĹ٣⻹ĶˣȻ˵Щ糣гҲǳίģĹҪȳгҪøɶˣһ˼룬βȥ
߷ȷʵһˣȥЩ竳ļƣЩ˹Ա˵ʲôҲͬҶƽĽ顣ҶƽȰ˵֮£ȻܿͬҶƽҪ
ҶƽĵֻǸ߷ͬԼĽ飬ǿͬ⡣ΪڳгȷʵǲһЩǿȥӦǷǳ˵ġ
ȻҶƽҲ˸߷ͬ⵽ְĴ㣬Ҳ˶Բߣ߷ͬȥְ϶Ҫ߷ʩѹȻ뷨߷ߡ
߷ĸѾȥˣû׵֧֣ѾڱȽεĵλˣҲǳԲʱôԵʡ
ڸ߷ǳ˳ͬҪҶƽȻǷǳˣר£һ£ĹڷǳҪҪ˵سá
ǿҶƽ̸Ժ󣬹ȻͬҶƽҪ󣬲ҶҶƽеˡ̸ûԺҶƽٴ°ٽ°ٽӦʡίί飬ǿ͸߷ְ
Ȼ°ٽҪȱɽɽȡ˳°ٽıԺһ룬еҶƽҲȤܵרˣֱûвȡ˸ߣҶƽ˵ְȴҪǿ߷ְжԵҶƽǲǹأ
ɽԼԼеҶƽģֻǲֲֳγһ״̬Ҷƽ˾ٷǳ
ɽһ룬ͬ˳°ٽĽ飬ҶƽڲİӷֹͬĻҶƽ϶ìϣͻøԾ治
ɽһͬ飬ôͻ˳ܿʡίίٿǿ߷˵ְͷһԵǿǱߵγг
һʡίίٿ֮ǰ֪һȵ׹ʱʡίίѾͨ˶ĵ
һֱôϲ߷߷Ҳûʲôϣǿγгϣдγгһְ
ǿҶƽһʱǵҶƽڽ˼ӿ췢չ棬ҶƽȽϽڵߣ϶ǣơ
֪һ֮󣬳ԸеҶƽĲƣȻ˵רԺҶƽǰʲôʵĶֻʱһݷöʲôҶƽĲƣݳǵӰ𲽽ͣôûʲô·ˡ
ü˳Ҷƽ࿹뷨ȻүڲͬΪүΪҶƽ֮ٴʲôĻȻᵼʡɣ֮£ȻбزģʱͻҪġ
Ȼ˵ĻһûʱķһҶƽǶģȻҶƽͻΪ۸ˡ
ǿ߷ְһԻеθַһ仯ԭǱߵĹҶƽĲ࣬Ϊ첻ȥǿĴڣһش仯ǿǱһʮҪãίĹǱߵõһܺõʵ
ҶƽͬΧһ㣬ԼĵռԽԽ󣬶ڲ֪ɵģûиö̫󣬶ݳǣί쵼ӳԱһ⣬ĸûʲôģݳǵĿԽԽ󣬽Щмܲסˡ
Ҷƽش̫𲽴ﵽԼĿ̫֮꣬Ҳ÷Եһʱʲôøߵʱߵõ͵ʱ͵ںź죬ǳٳûϵĴֿںҲǲһӰ죬ȵЩϵĴʱǵķ֮ıǽʴˡ
ȻһںںţŻһµһ棬ҶƽҲץ罨裬鴦һЩΥ͵ĸɲҲһЩ˱ҪĴʩ
ڵǿ߷ͬʱϣԽϵͳĵ˴ĳɹӳ˫ڼڹԼܵعֳ־ָʹݽŵԱ·鳵ȻȡЩΪŵС⣬ͬʱд̰С顣
ЩԱлɳҲŻƣϵͳ˽ŵ
ϣݽӳĽ˫˽һжӳͨ񾯣Щûнؼί죬ǽؼίӡ
ذ참ҲǼί참ҪϣڽЩ˫֮󣬱ǰҪ˫潯־ıύмίоȷǲҪԽ־顣
־ҪԽҸݽӳĹ־ǮʮԪȻǮƶڽӳ˵ǾţһëҲѾشΥˣǲҪԽ־ȡ˫ʩ


1182 ˵
־ǹֳһǴصĸسڸؼɲҪ飬϶ǵõί׼ģʮĻ¸ܲܰ⵹־ϣûеס
ҶƽҲû뵽ίĵѽ־ĹָΪ齻ϵͳĿΪ˲鴦־־ȴǲ˽־Ŀﲢһ°
ҶƽΪ⣬ϣ˽й֮󣬱ǸһҪˣ鵽ڣȻûǣ־ȥǲеģð־ڳ
ʾδ־飬Ҷƽָʾ־İӿȷ˷ţԷŷ磬˵־ȫһҥԣǸӳĹǲŵģס־صǲ鴦һ飬ڴص漰һ飬Աʱ漰ؽһȫҵϵЩ֮硣
ҶƽʵǵģǲԽ־ĸΪʹޣǿǵԵ⣬ǰصǲ콻飬ѾͻȻͶ뵽ص飬ظɲĿֻţһᵼ¶Խٰ;ϣ𲻵ӦеЧ
֮£ҶƽҪƵĽ࣬Ҫǣ̫ˣص콻ϵͳȷŷš
ҶƽĻϣ˵ͬΪҶƽ˵Ķԣʧ˷򣬷Ҳᵼ¼ίĵ뱻ͲСˣٰìͷ׼־
ոոҶƽָʾѽ־İӸ˷ţǱ߾Ϊ־˵ˡﵣίǣȻڸʱܵѹ֣ص²ͬطǳƶȴһĽ顣
˷ǳϲѣ븻ǰķǳ˱˽Ȼ֪ڴصĹãǳڹٳϵĽûųЩ顣
ڽ־ܵһԼ棬ͼ˽һЩȻһ̬ȣܷѹˡ
ϵ֮ҲǲôֱӾԼһԷ졣ӵ绰ʱҲ飬һ£ӴһҲãһȽ־
˼֮󣬳Ц죬άڳΪ쵼ǴڴǱۣܿ˵ǲͬ
˵ĻֻЦЦ֮뵱һϣһڵ£ظͣ˭ȥְǾһչˣ꣬׼÷СƣȻĺһЩǾͲСƵ⣬ͻһķգȫ
Ȼʱ׽Ūˣ˭֪յĲ˽յƣյȴǱ˽յĲͻȻ𣬵˸гֵ˼ίǣһһˣȴȻڴء
Ϲ磬֪ⲻԼĿģȻһᣬֱϵܣǼίڴҪ೤ʱ䣿˫˲ٽӵˣǲǻʹֹˣٲֹҵĹǲøˣ־ң˵ֶüί˸ȥֳҪְˣףҺǽ
˵ĺ⣬飬ȴ˵ùûʣ֮ͷЦȴһصϳģ飬Ҫϣڸһ㱨ʵЩ治˵ģǶѣ͸¶һϢҲ޷
һ̸ϵǹϳûпˣҶ㣬ҿǲ򵥣
άȻȴǸеЩ⻰뵽˹ȥղҲΪ˷ϳ˵飬ƵϣϣõʱǶΪѡ
Цһµϳ㲻ҪҵƨҼＸԼҲ֪ģҶǿҿҴӸɽҽųڲһ˿𣿲ϳǹζˣһֱң
Цϵܣ֮ĽͲ˵ˣҶǷǳ㣬㲻ﶼУʱ䣬ҲҶǰΪԼ䣬ǹͬã
ϳö˵ֻҪлҿ϶ΪԵģҶҲ֮ʣֻҪŬ֣϶ῴġ
Цŵ˵ͷγ֪ҪҶƽǳԵˣԽһģתȥͶҶƽˣԺûԴ򽻵ģóȻҶƽ£ġ
˵͸߳ʾڴصĵϾҪֹǱϾҪָƽˣЩŲš
⻰ǰһоһЩϢ־Ҫܵ鲻ģҪ˼Ҽί˵Ϊ׼
ϵܣǴص¾ͿչˣҲ֪Ǵزһ̫ƽأ˵ôţλһԣһܸܲɵñҺãУ֪Ŀ԰˵ʵڵģְˣ˵лȥǳϵ˵
˵˼ڴص˽ίǣϵȻᴫһЩҪǴطḻĿԴ˵û˭Ǹλϣ˭ܵӰ죬ܳûжϵĴǲʧģؼǿԼûסջ
ϣܾסջ󣬲ϣ˳£Ǽ£ҲûȥӻΪίְڣο滹Ҷƽ
ϳ£ֻҪͿˣڴصʱοԼģȻ˿˲ϲңνպԼͿˣαְ̫ۣǲȡģְһӱܣⲻǹ˵ķ񡣡һ³
æͷЦϵ˵ǣǻҪӭѶϣǰͷص¾ͰˣǴҪһȵĹ
˿ǱʾһæģίĹԱϻҪʲôģҼίҲΪ˴صΪ˴صķչס
һͷǣоĿѾﵽ극󣬳֡Ž־־һЩǳˣΪȽ˽Ͷпܻ¡
ˣûиʲôֻһٷõЩϢ֮󣬱֪֮ôˣĿǰ־ǰȫģҪòľԱ


1183 ʡʵ
ʱѽ־ŹˣмίѾȻڽϵͳϡеĽϵͳûΣѾһʧصĵزϣڵʱ֣еĽŽ̫ĵ
˴ʱԱЩʱʲô˶УܶʷǳߵС죬Щ˽֮󣬴һƤҫȺڴܻĹ۸УЩ·ƣѹ·ĳɮ⣬Ӱ˵
·ԭܶ࣬н֧ӵĹźܴĹϵϣص˸Ľӳϣ˽־һЩˡ
־Լͼ첿ŶԽŵĲ鴦ƺûʲôоôҲ鵽ͷϣԼʡϸɲԼǮ˵ܵ׬ġ
ǳ֮ʱϣĵشͻƣӳί־лߣĿȡĹ֧֣Լµϵİ
صĽӳϴˣûи־ֻͣ־лߣһĽӳǵ
лߵĽﵽʮҲǲСˡ֪һ룬˼ҪҪ־˫档
־ҲҪ壬ʡΪһϸɲƽʱȽϻԾүǹϵܺãҪ鴦־ƱػʡʵķҶƽ˼϶Ҫģؼô᲻̫Ĳ
־漰ܻߣ鵽־־ϣ־ļͥ⣬Ļͻᵼ°Ӱ²ȥˡ
ԣҪԸˣͱҪ֤ݸʵˡֶܻǿڹô֤ܰץôôأ
ϣһϸµļ飬־Լ¶ȽϺãһнݾߣų˵ҪһʲôӦȻЩӦΪ֤ʹá
˱⣬Ȼ󱨸ҶƽҶƽһ룬ÿУί飬ҪʹȻûԸЩƻĸܷӡ
Ҷƽϣ־мϵļأͰŸڹάιֳ¾̫ˡ
ϣһǰһǰйֵϣ־ǱȽϼˡùּ־ûʲô춯Ҽĵ绰һץס֤ܵˡ
ԺϣͿʼŷ磬˵־Ǯʮ򣬼ί׼Щᾭ־ϵȽϤ˵Ŀд־Ķ
־ͻȻ֮˵£ϳԾȻڵ齻ϵͳĸ󣬵Ȼ̨˿ûо»ʲôӰ죬ʡʵ£ûʲôطʶ
һõϢ־ҲЩţҸϢˣװĵظģðŷյģһ͸оģίҪ֡
־æؼҸԼʡʡʡһôһ飬ǳ㿪ʼ˴˵־ΪʲôҪܵ£ȱǮܸܵΪʲôҪ˼ҵǮһɲǮʲô˼
־һ룬Ҳûʲô壬ǵʱڶǮƵ̰֮ľˣǺҲˣӳѾȥˣǮ˼Ҳˡ
־ӣʡʸҪһ鷳ʱ򻹵Ͻƽԭʱֱί쵼ϴȥ״ҶƽˣôȥҶƽ
֣Ҹô죿־ŵʵһʱû⣬ӽš
ʡ˵ʱ㲻¾ˣҧڲϣ㻹𣿡
ʡһʣ־æ˵ûˣֻЩ顣
ʵϵأǰҲȫ˵Ӹšʡһ˵黹ðƽ㲻Ҫģİࡣ
⻰־о࣬Ǹ߸˵ȥϰˡʡ֮Ҫô鴦־Ȩмίмί֮ǰ¸ɹأС
ԼһƣȥкԼĶӣʡʸеѰ죬֮ǰûҲû˸ҵңڳ£һʱЩ֪롣
־ԼĶӣƽ϶ǲеġʡ˰죬뵽һ⣬Ǿܡί鳤Ҳ¹
ֱ˵⻰ͨϣܰѹȥ
ڻ뾪ˣԼԳȥƽ£Ϊ²ͬ£Ҫġ
ܴ绰Լ岻ˣί칫ǱǲǸһ£
һ岻ãԴ˵绰һǲͷҪʲôˣһ룬ȥʡʵļȥʡʱڴϽӼܡ
һǱʾί˰ȥҽԺһȴǰ˰˵鳤Ҳȥɴˣžڸ˷ʳ
оʡʽĻͷԣʡƽʱôע˵Ҫģôȴˣ
æаοʡȴ̾һ˵鳤ҲǲЩ˾ǼͷʺϹͷˣѵܵ𣿡
һ⻰ǲýӻˣʲô˼أ˭ǼͷʺأܲӣʡֱӶ˵鳤֪ܲȺ־˵־ˣ˼ǮˣⲻǹݺǼҼҷʲô˲֪֪⺢ӴС͵Сĸ˼ҵǮƣ˵˼ǮƣҶţ϶˿ô֧ӳˣð鳤㵱͵£Ҳ֪ҵģ֪־ģ뷨Ϊ־
ƽʱʡʼܵʱ򶼻ƺΪСţȴǳƺ鳤ˣҲǸеʡǲҪ죬һԭ顣
־˼ǮƵ£֪ί齻ϵͳ£־Ϊ֧ӳܵһЩǣ֪ôʡ֪ˡ
ʡæΰﰡЩ˵
һ룬˵ϣһͷһô־ô˵ģû˼ҵǮ
ʡ˵־˵ûе£˵ľֳľֳ˭ΪʲôҪ
ʡʲϼ޻ʼάͷˣҲ֪ڵĹֳǹάȴ˵ֳ˭
һ룬ѵ飿άһȺ־


1184 ʡʵķ
ʡʹǰѲ־ŪάͷϣȻܰæȥ顣һ˵ֻ˵ϣһͷʵһ£һô£ȲҪżòãҪ
ܴӦĻ֮ʡʲŷȻֿ˼װǳصӣܱǼæ˰ʡסĸ߸ɲúõظʡʲһ塣
æЩ֮һ룬ô죬־иܵ飬ҲΪ־˵鰡Ҫ֪ҶƽڷǳӼίĹϣû˲ǵģȻί鳤ǹܲίǱߵ£Ҷƽ׽ˣȻ˵൱ҲҶƽ鳤
һ룬ܸеȽѰ죬ֲܲʡʵϣһȻʡʽ
˰죬ܱȥͼһЩûϵΪϢųȥ֮־Ȼ˵飬ǴŲҵܣΪίߵˣҶƽĹϵпɣ־ûʲô顣
һʱʡʵ£Ϊ־Լ뷨ƽ¡һҵȻе֣ǲܲܽн
ܼ֮󣬱ǰʡʵ½˳һʡʣʱôˣԭʡȳˡ
һ뵽ʡȳ££ץһץ־İѱһ룬ʡܣ϶ģ־ʡ˵뷨ӣڵҪʡץ־ѱ飬ȷΪӰ참ء
뵽ҪͨʡʴһЩϢʹʡʽŰ참βʹʡʽŰ참أһ룬ñð˵һЩʡ֪ѶˣȻʹ־ӦȻΪ
΢΢һЦϺܹӵ鰡鳤ҲˣҾ͸ɣھٱ־ܶ࣬ⲻֻһ飬ûκĻôҲẦ飬⣬ʹϵϣҲò
Ļ˵ǣᣬֻǰһʣûб˼Ϊˣ˵Ⱥ־û취һʣȻ־Ͽ⣬ǾͲȺˣͷҺ˵һ˵
˵ϻּ֧ί참ΪĶ˵ʲô飬ǲԩһ˵ġ
˼ţ־鷳ˣʡ˵ܵʲôȺֻǲ֪ʡ֪֪о⣬ʲô⣬Լ˵Ǿǲصˡ
һ룬ܾԼΪ־飬Ҷƽ֪ΪԼΪʡ˵ʲô飬ĻҶƽ϶ġ
һ£ȥʡʰһ£Ӵ֮Ͳٹˡʡܾ֮Ͱʡʡ
ʡһϱǱɫû뵽ίյй־ؾٱˣصĶࡣеЩûˣϾϸԼĶΥǶˡ
һ룬ʡʺ鳤лл㣬û뵽־ӻӣʵĻһǻǾ仰˼ȺҶӣϣܶൣŵ㣡
룬ܵ𰡣æ˵ϣҺͱ˵ˣʲôܸģһΪ־ƽģȻ־ʲôòԵĵطҲҪʹ
ܵĻʡĬˣȵԺ־йúõһ
־֮ʡʱǴƣֱ־ðǣȴԡʡ˵֪֪Լʲô
־һ˵ҷʲôң
ʡָ㻹û˵Ǯ
־ҾûУֻ˵ǮˣҲӲҪ͸ҵġ
ʡʵ˴ˣֻ飬Ϊʲôʵң
Լ֪ԼһЩ飬־ǵͷְһЩӡȻûаԼȫ˵壬ֻǸʡһ顣
ʡ˵Щ֮̾һҿ㻹װɣǱסˡ
־˵ҲףһҾȫˣֻҪ׼ίδܲó
־Ը׵ӣʡҲû̬ȼϾԼĶӣҲǣҵԼֻڻ쵽˸ļ־ˣǼҾûڹٳϸɵˡ
Ҫ¶ģʱǲ鵽ͷϣͻᱻˡʡ
־֣ҿˣҸо϶ǹάԺŷҪԸңǱˣʵǿָӣһԸңĴ齻Ҹоҵģǲ鲻ǲݵģˣǵ⡣ҿҪǾô˳ذҸ鵹ˣҲܾôˡ
־˵£֮ǰûʶڿҪʶԼΣաʡһҲһɽĸоļҺͳ¼ңųңȻȲ˳¼ҺļңҲǺˣǼҵˣǽһǳ˵¡
һô죿ʡҲǷѣʵ뷴һܷô
־һȴ˵˭֤ǸܷӣôǸܷˣյЩǮǮڷʲô취֣ǧһŸܵ飬ҪǼԺӰɣҪ˼гг뷨ֹרҵΪֻüίֹ飬͵ͷҰɣ
־⻰˵ʡ絶ʣ־ѿ֮ǰ˼ְˣүһ֣ܿ͸ְˣ˼ûо˸ץѱãһץסⷽ⣬ֱ·һ
־Լӣʡʱ۾飬סãŶ־˵ҿ뷨ְɣְ֮ìܻܽˣҴҲ
һְ־˵ڴְһΪҳʲôˣʱǽƣ˵һӾˣҲְ̨ϣЩ˻˼ɵһЩҴְ˭ҵ£˼ѵûи⣿ΪʲôȥֳϵܵҶƽǰ˵һЩȻҶƽһЩӣӦ֣ʱˣֱҶƽɣ


1185 
־ͻȻʡȥҶƽʡҶƽ顣ʡһ̱۾˼¡־˼Ҳͬ˼ûиܵʱֻǱְүȥҶƽôȥҶƽ
־ԱһȥҶƽװˣֻҪҶƽ˻Ǽί
ʡ˵ûа취Ӧһԡ־֮ʡһ룬ôȥҶƽóȻȥҶƽүһ𣬵ݴƵȥ£רҶƽȥҶƽţһԼӸܵ£
һ룬ʡʱòֱȥҶƽ취̽һҶƽ̬ȡȻʹȥҶƽҲÿᵽ˵Ļ
ʡ˰죬ܴһ绰ԼһҶƽܲӸһ飬һǲʲôҪҶǣµĻȥһʡ
ʡʾ͸ԼҲûʲô£һҶǣæʡô˵һ룬ϸɲҪҶƽֹȻʹҶƽһҶƽ
ܷµ绰ȥҶƽҶƽڰ칫Ļ㱨Ҫһʡʲô¡ܾ͸ʡֻ˵һû˵ʲô¡
ҶƽʱѾ֪ʡˣ֮㱨ˡһʡҪ²ʡʿΪ־ġ
һ룬Ҷƽ̧ͷһۣ˵ûʲôգʱĻһȥ⣬ʲô£ֱӽܰǻ죬һͬ־ġ
Ҷƽ⻰˵Ĺûʣо޷죬ûлؾʡ˵ǲڵļ˵ʱֱȥʡʣʱûʱȫҶƽˣ󻹲ʡʣ˵ʲô¿ֱӽ졣
ܵȻԸΪʡ˵ʲôתȥˡһ껰ʡʾ͸оԼɫ࣬ܵҶƽл˼ʲô£ô˸ʹҲҪҶƽ
ʡʸܵ˴ۣԼûүӵ󣬵ȻүֱȥҶƽ̽һȥһε̽ȻҶƽʲôҶƽĵطүӵͷߣֻǻ׷ߣЩһġ־ܵ£ҲûеֱȥҶƽ
˰죬ʡʾµúүһ£үĹϵã־Ҫ£һүӻ᲻¡
Ҷƽ֮󣬱һ绰һ־ôڿʡԳˣץʱ־£ҹζ࣬ʡ
ӵҶƽ绰Ȼ̴ӦʡϴֻǴһο˵ˣҶƽ˵ˡҶƽ˵飬Ҷƽͬˣǿ϶ǲܵģͬ⣬ʡֻҶƽΪѣŵҶƽĹα־ֻʡ޻˵
־ԼӽҶƽ˵Ļ֮뿪ڳӵ¡ΪֻԼ֪ԼŪ˶ǮɲܸӣĻӿ϶ᱻ
ˣԼҶƽ˵׼ʱʼתƲƲ׼⣬ӱܷ׷ڹֹһٻʲôģ׵ĺܣѾ׼ˣھͿʲôʱ뿪ˡ
ʡȥүүھһڣΪ˼ҵ;ʵ࣬ԸҶƽʲôԿˣ꣬¡
˵ǲܵģܻһʱįǲһֱįȥү¸أûȣҲ˳үӵһЩĿҲȥүӵǰ䣬ҪվǼҵȥһЩ顣
ʡʹ֪ʲô£ίҪ־£û˹ʡһֻϰԵӭӣǲûȥʡʲô¡
үһᣬʡʱǹԼļŮûһгϢġһ˵⻰үӱǸеǳ֣ʡһŮһһǽ֧ӵ֧ӳһŮʡ﹤Ȼ𲻸ߵҲˣŮһеĸгܲˣҪôģ
ֻһһŮһ˼ǹֳ־һ𣬵ȴʡʵŮһ˵ʵڵҵŮҪǼҺáֻʡʵĶû˼һúáԼŮҲʡ﹤ŮֻʡһȻûʡʵŮúãôûгϢأ
үӱǿ˿ʡʣʡʱ˵־⺢Ӳڼίڲ齻ţñְΪ²跹˼ԽԽʡģ
ί齻£ү֪ģһ˵ί齻־ʲôҿ㲻Ҫ̫ţܻȥġ
ʡʵڴ˵Ҫ˫־ܲ𣿹һģһ½ŵ顣
үһ⣬Ǹе־Ҫˣ˵ţʵԼ취ġһ룬̧ͷһʡ˵ڻֻǴţ㲻Ҫ̫ϣ֮ǰҲżίҪ˼ҲڲҲû𣿼࣡
ʡʲŲż仰˼֮û£үҲ˲ٵİ취Ҫ£Լһš
Ϳ־û࣬£Ϲͷžûʲôˣ˵ô죿ʡүˡ
үһ򽻺ã໥æ֧֣ҳ£Թ۵Ļ²á鲻ôðƽģ䲻Լĺӳ£˿϶ܷ㣬Ͳˡ
үһ˵ʡģҿ־ףһףǶ˵ǮȥʲôľͲˡ
үһ⣬ʡʵϾ͹ҲסˣȻҲ־׵£־ϣĿٵĻ׻бҪˣʹ׿Ҳˡ
ңǺүˣԼȥףȥҲǰǼҵˣõİ취üίֹ飬־£Ȼ־һְȥ
Ҳû⺢ϣҲΪżҪæȰȰʡʿһү̽
үæֵôȰ־ȥأʱ־ԹҰԼͨУȥȰһ¡
үҲɵʡȥȰ־ʵŰƸʱ־һ϶æʡʲֱ־Ժÿڽ


1186 ־
ʡһүӲԸȰ˵־ʱͷǸеܲˬһ£ʡʸеүڲԸȥݴƵµʱǷǳľģԼѣүȴǲԸæˡ
еʡЩÿүֻ˵ʡʣҪ־⺢ҲǿģҪиʲô£Ҳһ뷨־ݣʡȥĸλУֻҪݸˣв͹ܲ㿴вУ
ʡǰһүӽҲһӣֻһʱܵһʱߣ־ֳˣǾûа취ˡ
һ룬ʡʱĸ磬־ºܼǱӿٶȲܽ־ߣⷽ滹ѷģ
үӵû⣬־ǿҵĹϵҴ绰æһʡί֯쵼ٳɴ¡
ʡһ˵УС취־¾Ͱиˡ
үӵ˵ͷ˰Ļɢȥʡ֮үְһ룬е־һε飬ҵıмίڵ־ĿԲ
Ȼ˵˽ǵ־ô£ûо쵼ͬ⣬ûпܵģҲ֣£ȶǺܱܵģզ֪ôأ
֪ˣҲ֪ˣ˶֪ڵ־ô־˾֪ˣ־ͻȻߣ˼ҿ»Ϊǵ־ǰ࣬ƽ°ɣ
־׶༪٣ʹߣδػԼһʱ뵽Ǽҵû
־ǿҲ֪־ܳµ£æ־ݵߣһһҵʵԼ˽־ҲǺ׵£ȴԼæʡǲ̽أ
үһ룬еʡʻڸһףԼˮϴȥݴƵ꣬ԼˮһԼˮ
ү˰죬е־黹ȽϸӣΪ齻ϵͳ£ȫֵ÷׷־Ϊ֧ӵĶӳѴ̣ôŬҲ죬ʡӦ֪־ϵ⣬æԼֻҪһæѲ˸ϵˡ
үҲѧþˣ˰죬ЩڴӦʡˣһ㶯ҲûУʡʿ϶ҪգĻҲʡʽˡ
˰취үӻǸ־ǿȥһ绰־ǿ뵱ί֯үӵί֯ĸ֮¼ϵǽ־ǿ쵼һֱһĽ
˼ܳιֳҶƽȻʮҪĹϵ뽪־ǿҲһá־ǿһӵĵ绰ȻǺܹүһ룬ܲܰæ־Уʡʹҵ˵־ݸˣܲܵݡɶС
һ־֣־ǿԴǱģΪ־ҪµĴԣҲˣϵͳѾץ˲ٵˣڹϣ־ŵݣʲôĿģԶ׼ģҪæ־ߣµþҶƽ׼Ҷƽ׼ҶƽķУί֯»
־ǿȻų°ٽʡί֧֣֯ǵ֮ͷҶƽǲܵģҶƽʹг°ٽ֧֣Ҷƽ;Ҳôã˳ǴԼ棬£ǾҶƽһµĺãȻҲŸӵϵ
үһҪǸеΪѣֱӾܾүӣҲЩãֻܶүӵϣڵȽ⣬Ҳúϸ˵Ȼ㿪ˣҾ취ԣҲֱӰ־ί֯һˣߵҪҺҪ쵼㱨
һҪүӱǸе־ǿȽСġ־飬ܾܿҪ쵼ģҪȥҪ쵼Ҫ쵼ͬ⣿Ҫ쵼ͬ⣬־ǿͿ԰ˣʵǲԸæˡ
־ǿ˵ڸˣҲʡʽүӱǱʾͬ⽪־ǿ˱ǰѵ绰ˡ
ҵ绰ԺүӱǸʡȥһ绰顣ʡһʱû˵ʲôͷһ룬־ȥҽ־ǿȻ˵ȥûʲô黹һãҪȥ֯ңֱӱù
Ҳ̽үӵ˼־ߣʵͨŮҲǿԵģŮ͵Ӱ쵽Ůǰ;үҲǰֻǸеôףЩӦ˼
ôҲֻҽˣʡʱ־ȥҽ־ǿҪߵ顣־ʱתŲƲ뷨Ҫڣǰ⣬źڶڹˣʵһ٣ֻҪˣҲ˽ˡ
£ûиʡʣʡʱϾһˣ֪Ļ϶᲻ͬģԼźȥ˹⣬ʡʾͲͬ⣬˵Ϊ˺ӽ£ʡʲͬ¡
־ǰѾת˲ٵĲƲһ𣬶һ֤ݣȻڵ뷨
Ȼһоϣƿ֮УֻҪ˴֤ݣʱ־Ҳûáʵ֤ݣ־ϣǰӾп뱻ˡ
ʡȥҽ־ǿҪУ־ǲµģҲûʲô˼ˣˡһ뵽ȥҽ־ǿĻԻһ֯ΪڣҲһ¡
һ룬־;ȥί֯һ½־ǿί֯־ҵ˽־ǿҪ󡣽־ǿдһ־ѱˣ˽־ǿС
дԺ־뿪ί֯־ǿȥҶƽҶƽڰ칫ͷӼһҶƽ־ǿ㽫˹ȥ־һ¡
Ҷƽ̧ͷһ۽־ǿ顣ίڵ־־ھȻҽ־ǿУ⵽־һУڰ־滨У
־ǿʲô˼ûаʲôɫ־ǿȻûʲô֮£Լεˣ־ǿʲôɫԼҪ˼һ¡óʲô⡣
һҶƽذѱ˵־ݸˣȥ
Ҷƽһʣ־ǿȥû˵ֻ˵ݸˡ


1187 ־Ҫ
˽־ǿĻҶƽͷ˼һ£˵ûΪʲôݸˣ
־ǿ̴˵ݴʱ̫ˣڽ֧ӳλϴ̫ˣ뻻һطĵû˵ʲô
ҶƽЦһϵͳĿǰڲ鰸ʱҪߣú𣿡
еҶƽڻ־ǿ˵ҸˣʾϵͳòĲ飬һ²ͻ
Ҷƽڲ뿪Уϵͳĵ黹ûнߣһ£ϡ
־ǿӦˣҶƽĻҲûпҶƽҪ־˼־ȴҪߣ˵ҶƽĻɣŪɳ׾أ
ڽ־ǿԺҶƽάȥһ绰־ʲôûУûְɵ£Ҫߵ
άһӵҶƽĵ绰֮󣬱Ѷ־ļһ飬ʾ־ѾԵñȽϽǲûиҪְߵߵ£һ㱨ġ
ҶƽͷȻ˵绰ž͸˵绰һˡ־ҵ֯ҪУܿһ̽˵һڸһЩ֮£뷨ȡжˡ
оûʲô˵ˣҲҪٵȥй־ȡ˫ʩɡҶƽ֮󣬱֮˰š
ڼصҲץס־һЩҪ֤ͨȡ־ĿڹҲӣһͲʡ־˫֮ȡʲôڰӵĴʩ
֮ͷϣ˽˫־׼⣬Ҫýϵͳ鰸İᱨ棬ȻύίίۣҲǶԴ˴жһܽᡣ
İţϣ̿չ׼־ȡ˫ʩ־ʱҲŰ취ܣеٵˣͬʱҲ׼һԼʡʣȵܵʱٸɡ
ϣڽԺν־˫ˡ־ڲ󵽽֧ȥϰ࣬ͻȻ֪ͨ»ĻɣĻֻеļȥץˡǼί˫ûвȡĴʩһҪͼԺкˡ
мԺļ쳤ҲоӪˣпܺ־һĽ飬мԺ֪Ժܷ©ô죿
ϣȷֻý˻㱨һһ룬мԺļ쳤ִǴǵϲ֯϶Ÿɣ쳤ǲˡ
뵽ֱӸмԺ쳤һ绰ȻԼİ칫һһ¡
мԺļ쳤еԼİ칫һ顣쳤һʾ쵼ָʾϺüίĹ
̬ȽϼҲģϣ״ҪԺϵҪ漰־νץ飬ûмԺǿƴʩίûץˣֻǽ־Լٽ˫ˡ
⣬־ǱӵĻҪԺ־ȡͨȷĴʩмԺ쳤ʾϺãϣ˰š
Ϊ˷ֹ־֪ϢӣϣԱ־סʵʩ˼أֹ־ͻȻѡ
ڰźЩʩ֮ϣùά־绰һˣĻֱӵнץ
־һֱά벡٣ʵ׼еѾԽԽԼʡ޷ƽ£ٲ뷨Ļ϶Ҫˡ
֮ǰη岻һ־ڵ񾭱úܽҪǼίųķŵ֮ǰίûκηĻŲᵣԼ£Լţ˭Ҷ֣ʹˣϣҲ
ǼίݾߣһһеԼҲûôͨȻĻͻƽˣڳٳٰڲƽүƺԸǼҵæһϣеȽߡ
ļһֱǼһЩ飬ԼҲһֱүӵǰ䣬ˣүȴǵͷڹ꣬ļҲԸǼҵĻˮ
˼һʲôˣȴ֪ģΪ˼һ𵽹϶Ĺ˵˼ûκĻ˵ʲôҲţ˼ȴӵıӻ֮£Ȼڱְ֮ȴ³ɽθʵȨĹֳһְҲүӵͣȴԼĹְס
ͷȻ룬־ȴǲԸ˼һ˽нӴˣǮȫڣ뷨ڹڹöˣֻ߻ŴҪӵĻڳ飬ҲҪˡ
ٻѾ׼ãڹ֣̫ⷽףƽʱüٻճȥϼ鲻ûгҪüٻӳڡ
־ȥһԼӡʡʼ֮󣬾͸ȲҪţӽ־ǿǱߵϢҪ쵼û¾Ū黹תģ£ԼƴҲȥġ
Լ˰Լ־ҲǸе̾Ȼʡ˵ľ£ٸˣԼӱϾλˣЩְĸɲӵԣԸӣʲô취
ԼӲ֪Լжأ֪ˣᱻġһ룬־ʡʼԺȻֻصУʰһ׼ݻɻȷɵֶǣȻתȥ
־Χ־ˣʱע־Ķ־׼ȥʱ򣬽ӵ˹άĵ绰
һӵάĵ绰־Ǹеһţ¹άжŵ绰ҪҪӣӻһʲôһ£άǱ߷Ǳ߳ٳû˽ӵ绰ǸеãϣҲĻʲô飬̴绰صԱؽܼغ־ʲô顣
ûнӵ绰־һ룬ӵ绰άɵĻпܻỵ£άȥ绰һ¶
־һ룬Ǹάһ绰绰һأάæһˣҪһ·ýй
άֱӰ˳˵ǽ鷴飬Ϊ־ʲôģĻɣֱ˵鷴飬˵־ɣõһź¡
깫ά˵⻰־ǴӦȻͣһ룬᲻ʲô


1188 ϳ
־һᣬо治ʲôȥ˹ֿԺȻٳӣĻȫһЩڲȥĻ϶άĻɣ˵ͻᵼӵļƻ
һ룬־ðһգȥ깫֮ٳӡ֮־ųݵ˿̸ȥ
־˿ûвСʱ֮й֡й֮־³ֱԼİ칫ң˽һ
һ칫ңά˵绰Լİ칫һˣӵάĵ绰־Ϸάİ칫ȥ
·λͬ£Ҷкֻǵͷ˵ӣһˣˡ
ÿţ־άʱ򣬷ֹάһڰ칫档άһ£Ѽί齻ϵͳͨһ£Ҫġ
Щ飬־ȻûκεȤˣʾһɾֵίֵίҪô죬ô죬ˡ
˲ô£άҲû˵ʲôǸҪίһ˵Լһ칫ȥ
ûоʲô־Źάһ䷿䡣ϣڵķ䣬һмԺͬ־ڡ
־߽ݵʱ侯Աֱ֣ץסĸ첲־һеʲô
ϣԶ߹־мίϣЩҪ˽⣬һˣ
־һ⻰͵̧ͷϣһۣ˵˽Ҳ˽⣬Ҫڳּƣ
ϣٷϻߣ
侯ԱѲȫµǹѲ죬ûѵǹȴǰװϵļٻոѳˡٻգϣ֪־һʲôˣּʱȻ־һӣӾͰ²ȥˡ
־мίҽ飬ίԱ˫ʽ־顣ڶ־ȡ˫ͬʱίԱͼԱ־סϽȫѲ飬־ͼǱӵ֤ݡ
־ķ﷢ǹ֧йصƷ־ų겻ڹڣ־˽Ϊң־ȫûһ쵼ɲģˡ
ͨѲ֤ݣ־ܵʵĿ¶ţͬʱʡҲ֪Լӱ˫
һʡʲԲڴеǳ𾪣Ȼ֪Լ˸ܵΪ֪ϢԺȴǸеܽܡ־һ˫֮ŮһӾԣտ
뵽пܻʡǿ壬ôѶٸ̳ȻһûˡҲָүӰæԼԳˡ
ʡ˰죬ȥҶƽүһҶƽú̸һ̸һûϣ־̳
һ뵽Щ飬ʡʱеЩڣԼӦүӺҶƽȥҪ쵼ԣʵһзյ飬Ȼ˵Ҷƽأûи˼ΪҪ쵼ûиȥֲٶȿĺܣҶƽѼίε˼֮ˡ
ûбİ취ԼӸֻ̳ȥҶƽ˵һ飬ҶƽζܣֻҪƽƽس
ʡڱ뷨ŮȥίԺҶƽȥ֮ǰί칫˴һ绰ǣԼҶǣǸš
ܽӵ绰֮󣬱һ룬Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽ˻㱨ҶƽĻһ룬ʡʱ϶Ϊӵ顣
ԼȥӼĻȻǷӦҪѹԵڶ⣬ϳ׻ͼȥʡΪ˵ֻᵼɨأӼ˻˵ûأԸӼϸɲ
ôһ룬Ҷƽһʡʣ˵룬ܰţʡʵҵȴͬʱһ£־永֤Լϴ룬һӼʡʡ
ܴӦһȥˡӵҶƽͬӼϢԺʡһ룬ίԺܵİ˻ҡ
һνӼʡʵﵱȻҲûʲôףҶƽܼɸһ˿˿ϣ֮£֮󣬱ǱĿҶƽ顣
Ҷƽں棬ù֮ͨңûкһȹһʲô˵
ҶƽҵʱʡһӭҶƽ״æǰȥ˵ϣҪҪ
ҶƽڼʡʱǳĿһʱʡʵǸеǳáʡʱˡҶƽԱߣ꺮ůʡʵ״
ʡʱǸԽԽˣоҪȥ˼ˣһӣڿϢˡ˵ҶƽãᰲŰ칫ͬ־һҪչ˺ͬ־Ĳ顣
˵˫˵һЩű߼ʵĻҶƽ֪ʡʹĿģʡҲ֪Ҷƽ֪ҶƽĿģҶƽᣬһʱûҺ㡣
һᣬۿʡʻûаѻ˵ҶƽʱֺܱܲܰһˡʡʵŮ㼱ˣֱӶҶƽ˵ҶǣҰⲡҵܸģί˵ҵܸܣҵ˫ˣǵҲûмҵܣ֪ҵôܵġ
ʡʵŮȻȻؾͰ־ˣҪһί˵׼ô־ȻҶƽϵ̬ȣʡҲÿ˵顣
һʡʵŮᵽ飬ҶƽҪ촰˵ˡһ룬ҶƽǶʡʵŮ˵ᵽ°ˣ밲ͨһأڵʡרͨˣϵһ¡
Ҷƽתͷ͹Ա˵һԱȥˡʡʵŮ֪ҶƽҪʲôֻҪҶƽӦͺãһ׻һʲô
ʡŮ˵Ļ֮󣬿˿Ҷƽֹһ˵Ҷģ־ʲôˣҲڵأ⺢ӴСʵ֪ģ˵ˣҲģ
һʡ˵⻰ҶƽԷЦСʱʵܹܵڣ˵ţԼӵ֪٣ϵţ־Ҳ䵽ڵӣ˵ԼӿѰˡ
Ҷƽһ룬˵ϣӵʲôҲǲֻ֪мί


1189 
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ʡʵϲһ£Ҷƽǰװʲô֪ĻǲˣǾѰ
Ҷƽ˵飬ˣһʡʣҲȻǺʺã쵼ñֳľԱϷƵıϷ
һʡʵȻҲ֪˵껰֮Ƕôˣ
û˵Ҷƽ˵㲻֪־йñһ¡
һҶƽĻóһѲϣѼ־֤ƬһһøʡʿȻ־ʱȻûпڳԼУЩƬҲ˵ˡ
־ŪŮԡ̰۹Ƿǹ֧תƼͥƲ׼ӵʡʳױˣ˼ʮǮ£ֱǵ°ܻǼҵ˰
ڸʡʿͼƬ֮˵ʵ־ӷĽԼǧϣѾǧתƵ˹⣬ǧǳɹ˶ᣬ⣬־źܶ鱦Σûм㣬֮־˵нһھⰸ֮ǰ֮ûͨǵܲʵˣͨһ£ϣ⣡
һ˵ʡͻȻ۾һգһӻȥˡҶƽһ̰Ű칫ԱʡʡҽԺ
ʡпܳҶƽѾǵˣ˺ܿ㽫ʡ͵ʡҽԺȥʡҽԺ֮ʡʱѹûʲô󰭣ղǹװʵӣΪݵĻû߳ҡ
û뵽ԼӾȻӣ˼һ¸˼Ұһ£ԭ£ŪŮԣ̰۹׼ӣ˽°ܻⲻǶǼҵ𣿶һȫеĸ֮־ˡ
ҲûϯֻˣֻڼɡʡһۣԸˣСҲüί߽ʻΪСӵһЩҲ־йأҪܵ顣
ҳ⵽֣֮ʡʵŮҪΪίίģһ볣ĸг볣ίУ־⵽飬ʡί֯ʡʵŮܵǣٽƼΣˣǱֳˡ
ʡʵŮΪ˰ղѣֱ£ǱԹҲûãֻԸеùɡ
һү̳ȽϻԾʡ⵽һЩҶƽнϾһ壬Ϊʡǰ֮־ĳ£ҲǵԼĶӶãʲôʸָֻţ
־Ľѵүӿ֮ҲʮֵĽţרŰ˼ҽеԼ׷ûص⣬ھܲվסţҪ˼ץ˰ѱ
˼ұæʾûκε⣬⣬һȥ׵ġ˼ҵĻүӲԼĶӣҲԼܰƽһЩ飬ʡȻһЩɣ
ȻүӿʡʼҵЦԵʱ־ڼίѶڿڽˡ־ΪԼӵ֧֣ʼղصܲйصУѶһֵĽ׶ΣھʮյĿ֮־ʼճȥ£ԼһˣҲƽЩ飬Ļᾭôʱˡ
־һڽͺðˣίԱѶȻһ־永ĽԼھǧӡ˴ĽҪǹˡίԱ˵ʱ־ʱų׸еź¡
־ҪᴦҪߣȻǮתƵˣŴʱҲ֪£ôܻߣڲŲ־ˣЩתȥǮܻ˳ġȻǱߵǮˣҳôǮߣҲǧɣҲǲġ
ȻܵǮܵܵһЩƲҲòˣܵܲóôǮˡ
Ψһᴦ飬ίˡһ뵽飬־ǿʼ취ƽʱύĹԱڶ࣬ЩԱ£֪ıȽ϶һЩڹؼμٳ󰸣һشᴦȲܴһЩ
һ뵽Щ־ϸһ£׼ί׼
˼־֮󣬻Ц־һ˵־̫СģȻôܻ£Ͳһ־ڼίӣ˼ұǸеЩЦ
Ȼû뵽ǣڳЦ־ʱͻȻӵί칫ĵ绰ίһˣš
˼Ҳ֪ʲô£̴ӹֶίԺίԺ֮ϵİ칫һˡ
˼Һܿ쵽ܵİ칫ңܵİ칫ܱ֮һ칫ҡһ칫ңǿϣ
˼ҶʱеһеЩţΪһίˣټˮƽɵؾͻʲô
˼ǿЦһ£ϾļԺգһĸɲҪĺܣ˱ϣ˴кıǳ࣬ϣҲ￴
һָ˵˼ˡһ˿˵˼ͬ־ʵһЩϣʵش𡣡
˼һ˵ǣʲô;˵ɣһ˵һж˵Բ˿
һۣ˵ʶһк𣿡
˼ʱһ˵Ҳʶʲôкˣô£
˼Ҳɫһǳ˼һ˵˼ͬ־ϣʵǣúõػһ£ʶʶ
˼ֻװȥ˰˵ǣĲʶкˣǸʲôģ
˵Լʶϸ˵ȷʶкˣ
˼ҼֵǣĲʶ
˼̸ȥҲûбҪ˼ǲʲôġ
תһ룬˵Ȼ㲻ʶͻȥɣһҪ׷ˣ˵ʶȻ㲻ʶǾ˰ɡ
һ˼һ˵ǣʧˣĲʶ󡣡
̸˼ҲǣίԺˡ˼֮㰲ϣܼ˼ңȻҶƽİ칫Ҷƽ㱨һ飬ΪȽشҪҶƽ档


1190 ˼ҵҥ
Ҷƽİ칫棬˼ҹʻˡҶƽ֮ǰѾӵĵ绰˵־ٱ˼ң⻹ٱһˡ
־ľٱίԱȻǷǳӭġһӵ־ľٱ漰˼ңȻǳӣȺҶƽ˵һȻ˼ҽйһһ˼ҵĶ
˼ˣûа취ֱӽ˫棬Ϊ˼ҼҵȽǿ˼ҾܲͱȽѰ죬ԣҪӣҪһĥѡ
֮Ҫ˼ʶʶΪ־ٱ˵˼һںĴµϽжĲ˼˴ֽ˼ҵЩǮ·ǮǺֱӸģ˼ҵǮ֪ǸģǺģûп˼ǮĿԼһϡ
һȻǳ𾪣벻˼Һ־һ𵽹ϽжĲ־ٱǲܻ֪
Ҳ˵˼ҶĲǮģ˼ȥжĲǱΥˡ־ṩίԱȲ˳뾳¼ȴǷû˼ҵ֣һ־֪˼Ҳ˼ٻա
һҶƽ˱棬Ҷƽһ룬ͨ־ǣһа˼ҲĻǾүҲûˣ֮ǰϣϣҲ˼ңûеʲô־ֱӾٱ᲻Ὣ˼ҵ¶
Ҷƽһ룬ǸеҪ־Ժ˼֮ĽҲ֪֮٣ڸպ˵˳ʲôӶ֪־ֻ˵ڶ֮䣬ײβ
Ȼûҳʻֻܿһ˼ұԸⲻԸ⽻һ뵽Ҷƽָʾֱ˼ʻȻ˵ݾߣǷ˼ҵǼҷǳԺգԽݾߣԽǻеںеȴźܴѣֱ˵һ˼ҡ
ˣŰ˼ҹʶʶ˼һһΪĽҲ֪࣬˲ڹڣʹ˵ʶίҲ޷кʵ
Ȼһ˵ʶˡҶƽ㱨飬Ҷƽ֮󣬱ǸеһԽĺ蹵ΪûкĴڣ־ָ֤޷֤˼ûպİ޿
ǰҪҵѶȺܴ󡣡ҶǣܲȰ˼ȥĲȻ뷨û˻¸飬ô
ҶƽһµͷҪȾһۣһ˼һ᲻ϹĲ£ˣȻ˵ʶĻԣ᲻ƣҪ⳹׽Ҫҵ
ҺѶ̫󣬱Ͼ˲ڹڣʹ֪Ҳûʻ
˵еҶƽһ룬û˵ʲôȵԺϸؿһ£ʱ붯Լ˵ίưˡίİûѺҵģһ
ʱ뵽˸ţһֱûϵˣ֪ڳ˶ǷĸˣͨҵˣӦûʲô⣬ںϵһ£һܲ׷ٵˣ׷ٵˣٿܲܽع
Ҷƽһ룬ȥһ绰һܲܰæ绰֮ͨ󣬸̸һöЦ
źܿĵӣҶƽЦź˵˻֪ҶһæҶͨ˵绰
ҶҪǿгȻҪŽнãһԷ죬ĵصھǡ
Ҷƽ˳һƪź͸˵¡һ֣űʾͷ˴һ£취
ԸæҶƽæʾл˵һ֮ͨŽͨ飬ǲ˵ģһǳܵ飬֪
ڴҶƽԺ󣬱˼ҳȥĲ顣˼ڴίԺԺͷһЩšû뵽ͻȻ顣
˺üǰûˣȴͻȻһʱûͷԣ֪ôĹϵ¶ˡ
صйֵİ칫ң˼ЩδȻ˵żͥǣһ£ЩţΪģֻҪᵽֶеš
Ϊ˿ɲһץס˰ѱҲʲôϵ³ǰеһĪĿ־塣
ĿǰΪֹ֪˵ĳͺ֮⣬ˣһ־ѵ־ڼίٱ
־ôǿӺˣ˵־ûʲôìܣȻԼЩЦ˵Ĺϵһֱܺãûʲôìܵģ־Ϊٱɣ
˼һ룬뵽飬һ뵽飬ӽţڸô죿ڼίע⵽飬²ô׵ķŹί׷ȥҲ
뵽˼ұ㿪ʼҪҪͷӣͷӳ棬᲻ƽ顣Ĳһǳ飬֪Ĳ飬ǲҪˡ
ȥ˼ҲҽүӣΪ֮ǰүԼûκε⣬ȴ飬ôԼͷ˵ʹ˵ˣԼͷô죿
ʱϿʼ־һ𵽹϶ĲˡȻ˼Ҵһ֪ԵˣΪû˸ԣ˾飬֪ϢҲԿЦʽ˵ˣʸڷϣҷǳߵ˵ҪԺЩ˷̰ˡ
һµ绰֮ȴ̱ûҥԵ˭ģ֮ǰôûд
˼飬ô죬ҥԻɱģ⻹ҥԣǴҥʵʵʱˣʹƤٺҲеûӵġ
ʱүӴ绰ؼңΪҲ֪飬һǲ¡
һӵүӵĵ绰˼һ룬æϻؼȥʱֻүһ࣬һɫһү˼Ҽæ˹ȥʵ֣ʲô£λأ


1191 ٻ
ûе϶Ĳһ˼֮үӱһ࣬˼ҶЩ¡
˼æ˵֣˭ҵȥĲģܳȥңһǰϹ˵
˼ҷ񶨵Ļشүĳص˼Ұļҵϣʲô£Ҳûˣ־ǰ֮㿴ʡڳʲôˣ˲˹ģȥĲǼҾٴļҲҲİ
û뵽Լүӻ뷨ԼȥģҪԼǮⲻǶļҲ£֪Ӱǳá
һٷ£үҸһҪעⷽ£ڷãһҪѧǼҲȱǮûбҪȥܰ
үҲǾ˵ҲûܹҲ쵼ɲˣôҲү˵˾ģһķүֹעˣʵүӴСͻʲô¶үӸƽģ˵̸κεá
ԼүӸ˵һͨ˼ҸеЩ͸֮󣬱еˡȻЦ־һ£Щ£־˵̰˽ڵʲܿҪԴԴһǳ˺µ£
Լڵ׸ôأ˼һصԼʱ򲻽ȥίʺ£ǷϵģִȥĲ飬һǼί˷ųģίΪʲôҪŷ磿
ģ־˵²Ҫ˰㺦ˣѶûˡ˼ұЩ޺޵ģ޿κΣ־棬Ҳûȥҧ
ŵ˼ҹĲ£ֻ־ĹԼ˼üٻճ£ڵ˼ҵĻ˼һ᲻ϣ
һ룬ϣһȥ̽һ˼ҵʵһڲϽлرܣ£ڲҲˣ˼ҷϣûа취ڹĲ£ٻǣ־Ĺһ֯ϵ̬ȡ
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˼ҸеЩ겻ģǵϣʱ¶Цݣϣְϣһӭӽ˰칫ҡ
˼ҺϣؿһۣȻ߽˰칫ңŹԺ˼ҵľֳЩʵһ£
˼ҵһ̣˵ʲô˵ǵģֻҪ֪ģһϡ
˼һۣϣûȥݹ̣˼һϣеˣϣеҲǰ˰֣ûн̡
ֳ˼ЦЦǸϣȥˮˮ֮󣬱Цſϣϣºһ룬Ȼ̧ͷ˵ľֳиҪ֤ʵϣʵشǣǻȥԺҲ쵼
һ⻰˼ҵһ£˵ǣʲôҪ֤ʵһط֪ǼҲǼҷһЩΥΥ͵¡
ֱǲУϣͷЦȻ侲˵ľֳҲ֪үǺصһˣǼҵҲ˽һЩأҪôһǾٱ˵ǰ϶Ĺ飬쵼ǹʵһ£У㽫һ£ûУǾǴˡ
ûУ˼ҼѿڶһңǼҵļҷ磬ƽʱĶĲûУôᵽ϶Ĳֻ˵Щ󸻺ᵽ϶Ĳ쵼ɲֵܵطȥ
˼֮䣬ϣЦһľ֣ȱæϣǰˣأ
ôأУһϵġ˼ƺ׼Ӧ飬ʮ˵
ϣԸϣԸ飬֪»ûʲôջ񣬲һ룬˵ľֳȻûеĲ㵽û
˼һ⻰תתһ룬һ᲻һףһ±˵ǣĸý綨㿴ҲǾˣһпܾҲûش𰡣
ϣô˵
Һúһ롣˼һ⣬ֿʼ˼һ˵Ӧʱ䳤ǲһεġ
˼˻شϣ˽˼ҺµĻľ֣֪һ£Ǳ˵Ļճ𣿡
˼һ⻰ʱеЩ͵صΣǣΪʲôôʣҳұ˵ĻգѵҪñ˵𣿡
ϣⶼϣЦľ֣ҪʵĻشص֤ݵģ㲻ʵشֻϻ㱨ʱǲչľֳˡ
һ⻰˼ҸеͷϿʼðæ˵ǣҴûù˵ĻաһŪ˰ɣôñ˵Ļأ
оԼ˼Ҹҵ©ˣϣֱ˵ľ֣ɣûʹùٻգ
ʵıȽϼˣ˼÷ɿ죬Ǳ˵ǣλ˵أҸҪüٻգ
ϣ˿᲻ص⣬ȲҪڻش𣬸ʱ˼֮Ǽί˵һľ֣Ҳй£˾ٱǱҪһ£ϣ⣡
˼æ˵⣬⣬ˣһʱ벻ˣ½⣬һǾٱȻͷ£ί˵ġ
̸ǵˣϣǣ뿪֮һͬе˱˵ǣҿ˼⣬ϣ֯϶Կ
ϣ˵ٻյ¶ǲ̽ԽηӦͷǱ˵ȲҪż
ϣ֮˼ޱȵؾţίѾʹüٻյ¶ˣô죿Ȼίڹ϶ĲѾˣֻǻûʽѣֻǲϣʲôʱܰ
˼Ҹе񣬶ԼүǰûгϹĲ£˭Ȱûа취ڱͳˣһٻյ飬ò׷ɱɣ
˼Ҷ⣬Ȼ㱨һ£һܲܰ飬ܰæͲضүˣǸȲùôûˣίֻᵽң


1192 µĶ
˼һһָӴƵ꣬˵һ顣
һֱãǱУҪԭΪĺ̨ҶƽΪܵרĴѹڱ״̬ҿʡίʱûеλϣǵǰľʧȥ˶־״̬ҲеĻ䡣
һ˼˵ίڵ£ʱ˵˼ңìͷҪ׼ˣϸү˵һ˵°ɣ
˼ȻҲһ˵Ҳү˵ʱҪиʧҲǲТ𣿡
ҿοӲ˼ҵˣڲսڴڴ־ȥˣһҵĻ㣡
˼һʱðǣô˵ʲôѱǸץ
һۣûʲôѱܸҳѱƣûзȨҲﲻ㣬ǲƣҪڻֻ̽̽ķӦ㲻Ű취Ļ³עġ
˼Ժˣ˵ǣô
˿뷨Ǹ˸ŪˣϧһдۣȥҳгͷүӣһЩˣŰ취״ʡί״뷨ŪߣȻûûˣ
һЩ£˼ԸеһִսĸоⳡսʧˣЩ˿¾ȫˡʤж˸еľ
˼һʱĬһ˵ǣһؼ˵һ˵£һүô˵һרֽ֧ϴ¸㲻
㲻ҲҪ㣬Ȼǽһһʰˣֻܱ죡
˼һ룬о˵ҲǣֻõͷӦĻ˰죬æģû뵽ȴҪԼؼҺү˵ֶԸҶƽ£¸ô˵
˼һȥԺ󣬼Լҵү֮ͷȴԥ˰죬ΪԼү˵Լûκ⣬ҪүԿҶƽ֮ǰүȻҶƽŸɣǺҶƽ˹ֳͬʱԵүûְүӸеʧһԸٽˡ
ͷȻǸеΪѣΪѣһģΥ˼ӲͷƤҲ취˵ˡ
뵽˼һؼҼүԺԥ˰ڰѼίڵ½˳˵ҪǼίȺĿָ˵ģˣһӲˣ취ӸϽˡ
үһ̾ϾǸεˣ⻰ǺУ˼ҵ˵Ҷƽ㣿
˼һ˵ɣί˸Ҷң
үһ룬Ҳǣ˵ûаѱ˼ϣĲ㵽ûУ
˵ˣ˼ҸеҲûԼүˣ˵ϵƭȥģֻһΣһ־ί˾ٱңСͦẦ˵ģͳһ蹷ˣ
ү˵һ仰˲Ϊ棬ȻΪԼᴦٱҲҲûаҪˣôôСģϱ˵ĵ
˼̾ʵǽ־Сӵ£ûҲϵ־СҲǺڱҲˡ
ԼӲ˱˵ĵүӱһֺɸֵĸо˵£ҿٹ۲һ˵еĻί̹ףȻְη쵼ְСΧҪԸҶƽ£ڲٳˣеãֱȥҳȥó취ҲҪѧ㣬Ȼʱֻܸ˵ǹʹ
еԼү˵Ļеģ˼룬˵֣ѵҪȥ̹ף
үӵҪٵȵȿҴ绰ܣܲܰæ¸ˡ
˼ҵίػأصĻ²á
үӵίǱͲҪ˰ɣҺ˵˵
ΪԼĶӣүֻˣ˼ӵĻ֮ڷΪ˯žˡ
ϣȥԺ󣬰˻㱨һ˼ڻ£͸оһ鷳ûȷ֤ݣò˼ҵģҵ֤ǾǺðˣȥҺأ
ȥҶƽҶƽҲ㱨һ£һҶƽҶƽ׵£ôͶ˼ҲȡʩҶƽҪ֮ǰҪ֤ץˣǾٷһţСĵѼ֤ݡ
Ҷƽ֮Ҷƽ˻㱨Ҷƽ֮һʱûбֻ̬˼ҵ²Ҫ˼ҵ̬̬ȺõĻԷһ̬ȲõĻҪעѼ֤ݣŻٲ鴦
һҶƽ̬ȣ֪Ҷƽʲô˼ˣȶΪҪ̫꣬⡣
Ҷƽ֮Իֱ̬ΪҪȵǱߴϢѺعںô˼ҵİӾͺðˡ
ͬʱҶƽǰľҪڷչϣǰһеĳнڴ̤ǰ׼ȫн޽һͨӵµ⣬һҪȡһҼһϰ
Ҷƽһ֣ͽϰڹҼһôеķչһܴƶá
ڷչãί鰸鲻һӴ飬ȻܺҪǷչøҪȻ˼һ˵켺չ͸ĸʱѾ࣬ͨһϵֶѾЩʧȥĵֿģòҪ
ˣ鰸ûбҪٸǼ꣬ʵһڴֵȶһȴеͷǾǿչɫҪȫеһǧľļӹйرգһǳѶȵĹ
ȻǰܶɲϵĻߣǹչءΪгҪľ񣬶㱨Ѷȴ󣬸ɲѴǷͣһĲƽˡ
ԳԵηҶƽȻչ͸ĸһʹһж˳˳ǾͲиĸͷչˣǳԵ£òǷŸɵ顣
ǿǱߵ˳гϾڳԵ쵼¹ֱǿ𣬿϶ЩʣˣҪ밲Ÿ˵Ļðõίר˸С


1193 
Ҷƽάеάίǣλڳԣ𣬳˵ʲôάнֱ̫ƽȡ
ٿίίʱҶƽ˳άȫȨɭԴжί쵼ίάи𣬶ǱǿͶþһ
þķֹҶƽ˵ԭþ긺ĽڵȫеοɫĿ໥Ӧ
ķֹǱߵ£ί쵼ȨȫеĹ֣Զķֹ飬ԵȻҪӡ
Ҷƽǿ쵼֮£ԸеԼгڱԵұѩڵʱй֮޲һΣѡúͱأҶƽսô˫ͻγһֱ̯Ƶľ棬¹˭֣ǾͲȷˡ
ԣֻѡãҶƽԼ˼£Խ࣬ͻԽ࣬ǸʱѡҶƽһ
þΪгҶƽʱ˾ĵñȽͶþݵĸһһŮͬ־ҶƽɱɱΪǶþһֱϲι֮ǰûȥŵķֹһνľĳεʱ㽫ķֹˡ
µ֮󣬹ȴӿˣάи֮´ƽһ֮ڣСľļӹȫͣˡ
ʱ򣬸ŸҶƽһϢŵԱڶǽеڶǻԾĴɣ˳ڹϣǷչ𲽳ΪڶǺպĴɣ̾ͨˣһΪֵĵܵܣֽкع⡣
عʲôҶƽһ䡣
˵ǲˣعڹڣҴùֵץǲ֪ôַųˣӵǷһץȻܳģ̫ټˣһʲô쳣
˸ŵĻҶƽе˵ĺеԼҲǸɹˣ֪أץ֮зŵĵֵòһ顣
ܲܽҶƽһ䡣
˵ֱӴĿԲ󣬺˺ܽƻвٱڣûʲôֱܽӴعڣǾǵ֪Ժعܷܵǳܵڹʲô˵ǰӪȣǲһ¡
ķҶƽһԣȻ˵뽫ӹعڣҲһֶΣĴۺܴ˵̾֯ҲץΪһ˼ңøųǳֶץǾЩʺϣܲˡ
ҶƽһæűʾлűЦ˵лʲô̫ˣ
ҶƽЦź͸Ź˵绰ѵ绰ԺҶƽһ룬ѹάҹһ£һƳһʲô취Ѻڡ
άԺҶƽԴάйԺ󣬱ΰ£ݵش߽ΰʵǱȽϾģ߹϶ûϽ
ҶƽΣֻŬˡʵйڲһЩҪҶƽӳϾǸոҶƽյݲ࣬ٵһȫµĻҳ񸱾ֳڶȽų⣬ΪûнֳֹλӣͷԹԣڹάԺ󣬱ǲôϹ
ҶƽոȥȻѡһʵ˵γ񸱾ֳһҶƽİ칫ңάҶƽ顣
ҶƽҪع⣬úعץάһ룬ÿԣ԰Ų飬ȰعҵȻ뷨һع⵱ôӹģعץסܲӪȺع⡣
˵Ҷƽ˵ͷҶƽ˵֮󣬹άѾ齲һ¡ղ쵼ºҶƽֱӸյȲҪί뷨ܰո鴦ˣͽˡ
άҶƽʲô⡣Ҷƽίӵ˾ٱ˵ְ֮㣬ܷ˼Ǯƣʮίûü飬һдڱ״̬
û뵽£άͷίܰĻͺðˣŵְ⣬ֱӽո鴦ˡ
ܷ˼¸£֮ǰҶƽˣֻǻûü飬ΪΪֳźǿķ龭飬Ȼ־ٱ˵˼һ¸ˣûκ֤ݣ־һţڲûȥա
ȵ˼üĿˣôͻڳ˽һ´£Ȼ취Ӹˡ
Ҷƽά飬άȥԺ󣬱ټֹԱо顣Ϊ񸱾ֳֹ칤ҲҪμӻ顣
յʱ򣬹ά뵽˻¸£μ鵽׺ʲʣμӣ϶Ͼǳ񸱾ֳ
άҪԲ鴦ƷٿģԴڸҪרץع뷨ƷݵһҪΰټֻûʲô˸еɵġ
άֻԺ󣬾ͱʾڿʼΪһҪӴԷӵĴȣץһӣϣҶܴʮֵľҪһƯļ̡
ά˵꣬Ҳ̬ʾҪԶƷȡ̵̬ȣȫӴƷȣάȫеΰ
֧ӵ֧ӳҲڻϱ̬ʾҪӴԶƷĴȡˣĿĻûʵ֡άŰ˭飬Ϊ߻ûԼ׽ˡ
һ뵽£άеЩΪѣ죬ûҪлϽǱߵһΪԼòС
һ룬ά뵽йֵĸ¡ҶƽιֳʱǱֺܳɫڶ֧ӹʱǳľ
Ҷƽһߣʵʹһò־״̬ںֻһƼĸɲ
˲ţҪһ£Ĳܸӳάһ룬ǺҶƽ˵˵¡һ˵£Ҷƽǵ˵һͬ־ԸĻ԰һ¡
Ҷƽ⻰ά½ϵ´ʱ뵽άϵάǸĸɲˣڲŸոһοԱƼĸɲɣά֪¡
һάҪµǼһ£ԶģҪҪӹάĽǰȥ


1194 ץع
ºܿУ֮󣬹άҶƽҶƽ֮Ц߹ȥסµֵҵѣҺܸ˰
ҶƽƺԼΪѣɫͨ죬ԼҶƽĵλʮǧҶƽȴǳƺΪѣִǲ˵ã˼Ҷƽ߹Լ֣һĻִ
ҶǣҽСߵ֧̾ӵĸ֧ӳ㿴ôάڿҶƽº֮󣬱Ҷƽ
Ҷƽһ˵ҿԣС߸ɾ󣬷ﶼܸɵúãؼҪãǵģҪһСͬ־ĹĻܵʲôί
⻰¸жصҶǣл͹ֳ
Ҷƽȴ˵Ӧлǣ㵽֧ߵĹˣһԶ磬ˣúùɣʲô¿ֱάֳҲֱҡ
ͷеůůģˣҶƽйֵξֳʱλӡԺٴμҶƽֻгˡ
ɹάٿֵί飬Ϊ֧̾Ӹ֧ӳ֧ӳرƣ֧ӳҲǸƣǱ߸һοԱҲְƣǵʵְƣθ֧ӳһְ
ڸµһľ쵼Ȼ֪ô£ϼҵˣȻǹάţҪӣǱȻҪ빫άֱӵĳͻһ뵽֧ӳҲһʮҪĸλұͬ˶Ըµ
±ǳ˸֧ӳһְάиҺͼغع֧ӵ໥ϡ
ΧŴƷ£йֽƻӣӶûץ񵽺ع⡣عڵĴɣһԳ混ס
²밸ĵ飬֧ܿӵ񾯽õĹϵϸ飬ͨѶץĶƷӣ˹һע⡣
пǺعţڵϻ˺ٽȫģǺعĻǾҪ뷨ҵ硣
ƷӶطŴѶˣĿе֪米ھϴƽʱ¶棬ʱõеһ¥ȥȲ裬Ҫץȥ￴һ
һȡϢάб棬άӵ֮ȻҲϲ⣬һˣֻҪ˳ȥźعȻ¶®ɽĿ
άأŻץع⡣ѡʮȽϿɿԱж¸󣬶ⶰ¥ʵʩȫء
ڲ¥죬عڳֻ֣ͷϴһڴҡڵ˲¥Ȳ衣
֪ûץԱûʵʩץǵȴᡣԶ棬۲źعһһŲʱͻȻһ绰Ȼɫͻ䣬Ĵһ
һˣǾòһͨ籨ˡڸĸɾʵʩץʩúعƤӵˡ
ع绰֮󣬱ǴҴ¥ҪӲ¥ѣͬʱץҲ´ˣеĸɾһڸһǳ¥ýعץˡ
ع¥׼ϳѣǰץĸɾײ˸˫˴Է˶ǿ׳ץĸɾȻǹȴܿǹֻͽ˽в
Ҳץжع˴һȻԶȥ·ֺں׷һֱ׷úعܲˡ
Ҫ׷ңعվסˣعͷ¡
¿˵㲻һ׷𣿡
عⲻ˵㲻׷ң𣿡
ЦǶ˺òã
عŲĻأЪһǰȥں׷ֱԮԱϵǰ½غع⣬عʵʵܡ
عⱻй֣ǵ˾֮ȴһԲʾԼ֪ΪζץԼǺϷڲ¥Ȳģûץ
άѶع⡣Ժع⣬άȴ棬óһźƬ˵ǽӵ̾Ҫͨĸֻʵϣܱһ
һƬعʱ֪ôˣԭҪˣץֻһǰѡ
عⲻɵصͷ⡣ӣάǸĻᣬ֪ܰǣǻһ·ġ
ع̧ͷ˹άһۡάֵһҪץĸڶǣҪδӹͷų¸ǣУ˭ͨķ籨ţ㶼Ҫ
˹άһۣعͻȻ˵Ҳܳѡ
άҸһӵĹЩһֻ棬Ҫ˵ѰԼˣһ˵ڸ˼ʱ䣬ˣֱӸ˵
˵꣬ά˳ȥع⿴˳ȥ￪ʼֳѶڱصãϵĻǳȥˡ
άѶͬʱȻҲѼȻعץûбҪټɻ֪¡άѵعⷷذ참ԱȫȻ׼Щ˽е飬һô¡
ӵӵ񾯣ھҪǽйʻЩйֵʱ򣬿ǹάάѺعѶ¼Ÿǿ֪֪ˡ
ЩһҲʶع⣬߹ά˵ǰץһ涾ԱʱΪ֤ݲ㽫ͷˡ
ά˭˵֤ݲģ참Ա˵ǼԺ˵ģûа취ˡˣǣԺԱڼԺԱάȻûʻȨޡҶƽб档
ҶƽϰżίԺԱʻ˲빫ֵĵжԺֺԼί˱ǳϵΪ֤ݲҪ󹫰ذ˸˵ģӦʱιֳ͵Ҫôģҹس֤ȷʵ֤ݲ㣬շɵĹ涨ûع⡣
ӻڹ֡ά־ֵİ참ԱǷʹӡһ⻰̻ش˵ʹҲǰ쵼Ҫ¡
ѾȥˣȻҪơʱֻȥˣһô˵
ʹʱѾڼ̣ά˽Ӽ֮ǰҲûзⷽ⣬ڱӼᵽ˹ֵѶҡ
Ѷ֮󣬹άͬѶϣĿ֪ࡣ


1195 
벻Լüί͹ֵ˸˻ѾˣʼӦڼ´߳ԿҪٵ⣬Ȼһʱǽŵġ
ֱάֻ֤ҪིһֻҪ£һش
ڹάĿ£ͱʾ֯Ͻе飬참Ա˵ʱǷ˵֮ʾ²һ˵顣
ά˭£ԥ˰죬߹άմ绰æµģûа취ŰŰ참ԱȻ˼ԺˣͬŽӸĨȥ֤ݲΪɰ˸ˡ
һǣգάȻǴⲻã̸Ҷƽȡϵ顣ղ˴˰Ҷƽüͷһ壬еֵĳЩ˿͸ˡ绰ʹ绰Ȳյɣˣղȡʩǲˡ
ӵҶƽָʾϣ͹άϵ뷨մ߽е顣ϣԺ󣬱빫άϵνմʻá
άһ룬ٿΪɣսеʱɿ񾯽մί참ʻ顣
ϣһ룬ԣ빫ά˷ֹάϣԼ֮󣬱֪ͨٿֵί飬չμӻ顣
սӵ֪ͨԺ󣬱Ǹ˹˻ҵʱûиеʲôֻǹάǰ˻ңֳҲ
ºտ˿ңЩȻ֪Ϊʲôƽʱϲʱһ仰Ҳû˵ֳ֪ʲô飬죬ȻǺСģΪά
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ձ֮󣬹άֻоֳȻûʲôоˣǹά˵ʲôʲôˡ
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֪Ϣʱ̫ˣعûüѱùץסˡںعһյ߶ʱֻð˳ϣû뵽ǣع⵱֮Ի汻ųȻŷǳӵ
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ˣʮˣͿܲܽץˡ


1196 ѹ
յй˼ҵ鸡ˮ棬ȫˣ˰˵ǣڶ࣬߰˸ˣҶƽʮŭΪŴڼ⣬ίǸвжΣͬʱԭ־ֳŸҲźҪΣ齨üޣ
Ҷƽ͹ά㱨Ժԥ׼˶˼ҵ˫ʩûٹ˼үӵκ档
ûٵȵץ񣬶ֱӽ˼Ҹ˫ˡ˼ұ˫Ժһ˵飬ǿǵԼˣͻ뷨һʱǱȽӲԸ顣
лŻ룬鲻ֻһ˳ˣͺҲˣ˵ָϣϴҲûˣֻǺûץܺһ飬ڻԸϡ
˼üί˫ү˵ŹչҶƽˣʱԳ棬ûܰˣһҶƽҶƽ˼Ҹˡ
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Ҷǿܳȥˡ
⻰үԸнûʲôջֻǣǰӦˡ
عڱץ֮󣬹άʮйעźĶڸ߷ڰ˲أֻҪͬ̽в鿴ҪѺɸץסȻеΰȻ᲻ð
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ڣάصķʵ˼֮Ľ˵ЩԱ໥ᣬҪ
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1197 ϸɲĶ
ںԺϵѹҶƽרǰʡίʡίǸ̸߱ʾ齨跽ڵ⣬ҪеҪ
߱һҶƽĽܣ֪пҲȥˣǶ飬ΪϴרʱҪеģҶƽҪʡίǰɽһ¡
һ룬߱Ҷƽǰûȷı̬ͱʾʡίֿǵίεҪʡί
һҶƽ㲻˵ʲô̸߱Ժһ룬ڸ߱ȥҰɽˡɽΪʡίǣҶƽĹϵԵú΢ҶƽʡϵУɽȻ˵ʲôʵͷҶƽ΢ʣר𰸼ԹʡһӰ죬ɽԴ˺ܲˡ
רֻ֮˾ԱְǶûѹŲ죬ӶҶƽһѹƵá
ҶƽԴҲ֪ģֻûȥЩ飬ɽʲô϶Ͼɽʡίǣһֻ֣ùˡ
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ҶƽĻɽ˿һʱǲ֪˵Щʲôɲڵǿ͹۴ڵģʹ̻Ҳһɡ
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Ҷƽֱ˵ҽùάͬ־ίǣάͬ־ھǸ쵼ɲίǺʵģͬ־Եʡֱȥطְ
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ڲҶƽԼˣĻǹҶƽ϶ˣΪһССίǣûбҪҶƽ
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һţҶƽίһأҪάһҪúһɲ飬Ӵΰȣάΰ
άʱȻҶƽľ׼ȫпչɲרжһΥΥ͵ɾ֤Ĵԡ
ͬʱ˼ҳµүӵºΪܱץģȻûа취ֻܴڼ
ĵҵһԸҶƽİ취ҶƽʵʩɫƻºöľļӹرաһЩҵϰ尵вǲҲûãΪľ
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ҶƽҪƴʩǡһ룬רӲɫĹó̬ϸɲʵڷԳ񣬵ʱǲôˡ
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1198 ͻ¼
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ΪҵСϰ壬ƽʱ͵˰©˰ΥС飬˾ճϸ׷ǣǿ¾ͳԲһǽ̸Уǽ֧ίĹһҲҪʩѹǸе⡣
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ʱķά뵽ȫˣ϶а취ԸǣǶǮˣˣ϶ǵòʧ飬Ȼ˹ĶǣҲҪԼ档
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Щͬ־ȥǴŲٵ⣬һΪ£һҲϸɹйأڵϸɾֳޣҲ׽ǲҪһһܸɵ
Ҷƽͷ뷨ܲȥӦЩˡ


1199 ״
ҶƽŻһܸɵϸɾֳϸɲ֮ϵʱүӺͳүԼʡʵڿʼˡүʵͷǳìܣǱүӱƵûٲ棬үӵҲֳ֧ˣ˵һ档
֮£үͶ·ˣегܵȹ̣ؼϼһ֧ţеǰ־棬ܲκεĲͻȻҶƽίǣԵίǲʡίίǰ϶¡
ڳȻûеίǣгȴǵúȹ̵ģегҪһĵؼίǺгλߵĶ࣬ȻΪʡУǸʡгĿǰֻʮʡУеʡУеǼƻУвʮʡ֮һ
ȻǸʡУΪʡУ侭úελͬһ㣬ίһ㶼ʡίίУȻǹ涨һͨгͬʮҪֻûн븱ʡаˡ
ΪгүӹҶƽԣԳ˵϶һõ飬ѩүʵҲûй棬ǰ淴ӳģǴ˴үӵȴǱͬҶƽȻԳγɲõӰ졣
ΪǳԵϵڸҶƽȻ˵ԶҶƽҲǲӲŽᣬ£ͣѵ˵ϵԼĻִҪɣ˵Ȼǲŷģ˳үͷǱȽìܡ
ѾϣòˣүӲͷƤүǵʡȥʡίǰɽֱӷӳҶƽһЩ⡣
ЩʡɽûнӼǣΪɽ˼ɵģϾǣһʡίίҪֱӳ϶һӰ죬ȵòʱټǡ
ʡίͳɳӴ˳үӵһСͳɼǺǷǳĿкȻȡǵҪ
󣬴ҶóүȽүֻӲͷƤһοڶͳ˵ͳǣǽ켸ϼһǹʡί鷳ˡҲģǺҶ˷ӳҶƽͬ־еΪźܴٲӳôǾͻֱӹʡίӳˣǼ˹ʵǴЩͬ־һ¶ίһЩ
ү˵ͣһ£ȻͳɣίüͷһϣίҶƽͬ־ˣҪ
үһµԵίҶƽͬ־ίǣȻɱҪ漰ˡ
үίһ£ֱҶƽˣ˸еǶҶƽи˶ԹڰίǰͷƺԱ
ͳ֮˵ǶίҶƽͬ־ʲôأ
үӱװһ˵ǰίƶ÷չսԣʵ֮ӣʲôҵɫҿһԾǵǰʵʣΪ˸㹤ҵ˺ܶĵأͬʱΪ˸нֲǨ˲ٷݣȺܴ󣬹ر˺ö๤ǵľóУҶƽͬ־ڹжרУȡͬ־ȥеĹܴ˺ˣǽʡίͬ־Ҷƽͬ־̸̸һ顣
ҶƽץóнĹУҪһ²ǨĹһǨǲһЩϸɲͷϣЩϸɲѸӲϲǨҶƽΪʹ˳УǲȡһЩӲֶΣǵķݸˡЩϸɲļȻߣһĻԱҵүӼڰҶƽ״֮һˡ
үӽҶƽ⼸״Ŀ뽫Ҷƽиߣȴ˵ʡίҶƽ̸̸ʡίһ̸ĻǱǸҶƽѹˣҶƽһѹܾܿеȥˡ
̡үһ֮ϸɲǸŽ˵ҶƽĲٻ˵󣬱ֱ˵Ҷƽʺϵίˡ
һүӵֱӹһεʡίίΪʡίǣЩίǸеЩãȻȽܵɽΣҲȥҶƽҶƽЩ״Գ˵ҲԳŻķȥ˵Ϳǳֻ֧Ƿ̬ȡ
ʲôԾͶרУı֣빥ǳΪ״ˡ˳үӵ˵Ļίһ룬ûб̬ʾǵҪʡί֪ˣʡί飬ȻȥһٸǴ𸴡
ү̴ӦίҪΪԼͷ¶棬żڽ飬үȴŰҶƽҪίҪǴ𸴣ǽ뷴ӳ
ίֻ÷ǵҪ󣬵ȵԺ󣬱ȥҰɽɽ֮û˵˼顣˼飬ͳɱ׼ȥ
ǰɽȴͻȻ˵ͳǣҪȥҶƽ̸һ̸ɣʲôϸɲӳ֮ʡ
ͳ֪⣬ӦǺãͷҸҶƽͬ־绰һ¡
ͳɴӦ֮󣬰ɽ̾һҶƽͬ־ôôϸɲҾﲻϰ
ͳ֮û˵Ϊ֪ɽҶƽ²ǺܸððĻɽ֪֮ӦЩϸɲǲҪʡί֧Ҷƽͬ־ǷʡίҪ
ɽ̬ЩϸɲȻҲͲ˵ʲôˣΪ˵ʲôǾǶʡίҲˡϾҶƽûʲôΥΥ͵飬һ˼·⣬õЩϸɲ˵ģڸ
ǰɽˣȥִˡصԼİ칫ңͳԸҶƽһ绰Լİ칫һˣ̸һ顣
ҶƽʱѾ֪үӵ˵ʡ顣֪֮Ҷƽ̸ƽԶȥһ绰ӵԺƽԶһʱûб̬Ҫ۹ʡı仯˵
Ҷƽ绰֮󣬱ǽӵͳɵĵ绰֪ͳҪԼʰһ¶ǰʡίԺ
ʡίԺҶƽǵͳɵİ칫ҡͳԼİ칫һЦվӭӡ
ȻίʡίǣϾһ֣Ҷƽʡίί˲ʲôӣҶƽȻǱȽϿҽ̸黹ȽУȻҪһЩˡ
ͳɷǳĿҶƽ߽ȥ֮󣬱ͳ֣ȻԱߵɳȻѾ²ʲô飬ͳû֮ǰȻװ֪


1200 䴦
ͳҶƽһᣬȻǽ⣬ᵽеϸɲʡίӳ飬ϸɲ˵һЩԭҶƽתһ¡
Ҷƽ֮ɫúܲÿЩϸɲȫڴëðԼʲôѱϵĻҪ
ͳҲ֪²ҶƽĲԣʱֻҶƽʾҶƽҲ֪ɽ֮ĹϵרŰԼҹ̸ȻǶ
ϸɲǵָҶƽһ£ͳ˵ǣϵʡίӳҵһЩ⣬ҵĽܣȡܹûұ˽зӳֱʡίӳʡίʲô̬ȣ
Ҷƽ⻰ǷίһΪʡίʲô̬ȣɽʵѾʾǰɽȴûʽҲûҶƽ
ͳֻ˵ƽǣʡίϣȶģϸɲǹӳ⣬ҲֻȻⷴ㣬ԼǴɣʡίʱû
ͳһʾҶƽ֪ʡίû֧ĻʡίӦϸɲӳӦϸɲǷӳЩ⣬мǿվסŵģʡίȫΪһϸɲǸѹȥȴ̸ϸɲ֮⡣
Ҷƽһ£ûнͳɸо̸˻û˵ʲôһҶƽǡ
Ҷƽ뿪ͳɵİ칫ңҪҪȥһ°ɽɽ̬ȷǳҪʡίǣһЩ飬ͳ̸ӦǰɽľͳɲֱӴ绰Ҫ̸
ȥ˰ɽô˵أȡԼ֧֣֧ԼĻӦ֧Լˣαػᵽڣ
Ҷƽ˰죬Ȼ֪ɽ֧ȥһɽȻͳ̸껰Ͳ׵ˣ˼Ϊϸɲĸ״޻֮Ҫɽһ飬˵ϸɲϣô۸ġ
һ룬ѾҶƽϵϰɽ飬ȻԼ档ɽ֪ҶƽҪҲһ£ҪҪҶƽҶƽ϶ʣҶƽǰӳԱӳԱҪܲ
ɽֻԼҶƽ档Ҷƽİ칫ʱɽҲһ΢ЦƺǳСɽЦЦȴҶƽеô
û֣ɽ֮Цŵƽͬ־ʲô°
Ҷƽһۣ˵ͳѾҹˣҷӳϸɲͰһ¡
ɽһֱ壬һָ˵ƽͬ־˵ɡ
ҶƽԱ߿һۣҵһɳһɽϸɲ£Ӧ֪˰ɣ
ɽԴ޷ˣ˵ͳͬ־ˣϸɲźܴڸ浽ʡҲǺ
ɽһ˵ҶƽеǲԸԼվһģڿԼЦΪʡίһ֣ʱ򣬲֧ԼĹ￴Цֱ̫ˡ
ǣǸҵЩϵЩϵʡίҪҪоһ£һȷҵĲǣҸˡҶƽһ룬ɫ˵
ɽһȴ˵ƽͬ־ⲻȥоɣҶ㱾ҲӰ첻ãҵĽ䴦ҪǣֻȥԼˡ
ɽԸٿоϸɲǵ⣬Ϊоо󣬱ϸɲǵָվסţôȥµ⣬ϸɲʹԣȥϸɲ𣿶ΪϸɲָĶԣ˭˵ԻҶƽֱӶʱƺġ
ҶǴˣҶƽ⹫Һ֪ܿˣԹôǷǣĲԣôϸɲĲԣʡί⳹׸ˣȻЩϼһڱ鹤ȥ
ǰɽȴҪܣҶƽ֪⣬ҲǿҪɽʲô̽һ°ɽ̬Ⱦˣڿ˵̽ɽ˼ˡ
ɽҪ䴦ֻ䴦ˣǰϸɲǻô졣Ҷƽ뿪˰ɽİ칫ңȻصίԺ
ڸϸɲУүӺʡʣԼŶԹģϾԼǵĶӣүȴǳԵĸףԼûжôɣΪʲôҲ棿
ϵأѵϸɲԼ򵹣Ҷƽɵ֮ǰϸɲԶǰ빫ģȴǹˣ⿴һս˭ȡʤ»ǣࡣ
ʱԼҪֶȻ뿴ı֣ϹƽϵĻ·뿴ǲ£ǿδøֹϵȻϵҲǺҪģҪ
Ҷƽ£ɽ䴦䴦һһķչһ룬ųǰȡһҵĴĿһų顣
ܳʱһ뷨Ҫ빤ҵ𣬱ҪһϵǳһҼʡίʡ㱨ˣʡίʡȻּɣͬʱϷǳӣܹȡ֧֣
ĵصڹίǺֱͻƼѡһֱĳﻮҪǸһЩ裬ȻһֵأȻڹһû׼ҪùģȻҲ׼
˵һĿҪϣҶƽȡһĿȡվһһڴǸطľýΪʺϡ
ҪȡĿĵطкܶ࣬ԣһαҪһˣͬʱѳҲȥڳүڸȴڴųԳȥ£ҲʾĴ֮ϵһЩۡ
ԴʱЩΣԼίԣίأүӻص֮ҲǷǳìܣȻϣϸɲǵжʲôЧûЧô죿
ҶƽͬȥĿ͸оЩҶƽȻװ֪ڶ壬ֻװơ
Ҷƽ˸˵绰֮󣬳һŲԸȥҶƽűȥųгǿȥҶƽȴǼȥΪгĿгȥôУ˼һΪǣôĿпܲɣһֱȥС
ҶƽҪ֮£ûа취ֻͬҶƽһǰȥǣȡѸĿ


1201 Ŀ
ֻúҶƽһȥ˾ǣȻггǿʹίǳسáͷڶҶƽǱϹϾΪ˷еƷ˱仯
ί쵼ػҶƽˣԵԽһСҲǷ飬Ϊ齻ֵҲðعֳ־ǳȥίЭͬʱҶƽҪȷһŽ־İڴظðˡ
Ȼ˶ԳԻǲܺӵģΪϸɲʡͷҶƽҲ֪ˣ֪ôҶƽͻȻݣ֪Ҷƽ£ˣһվ˶ӣ
ԣؼʱһҪ׼ǧһʱʧŶ´˺Ҷƽһȥǵʱ˾ǱȽϽ˭뷨Ҷƽͳ˽
ﾩ֮Ҷƽһפפ´һֶˣפȻǲҴ⣬ѸĹãҶƽͳ⡣
´ԺҶƽԵһ£ַֹ׼ôĿĹ죬ԵҶƽҪܲί쵼ǿȥЩСආǹһ£Ȼ˵ĿľȨڲί쵼УЩ˾ȴҲõΪյʵʵǴӣĽչҲǲ
ھԵҶƽϵķǳãΪҪүȥʡίҶƽĸӰ죬ҶƽװŲ֪үӲ״£˲ദ
Ҷƽ룬ֹǿԵģȻԼ¶ҪĿͱ붯һЩϵҲί쵼һ¡
ֹԺҶƽ뿪˰´һ˼С˼֮󣬼ƽѩƽѩֻص˾ǣտŶӣûҶƽһˡַֻ־ӿ
֮ƽѩǺܼҶƽҲóʱûһˣһ棬üûˣüûһ硣
˼ƽѩ˵Ϫӹˣһ˺ӣɷһĻ̣ǰǼ档
һ˵Ϫӵ£ҶƽϪǰ£ˣԼǲҪһҶƽƽѩһѵϪˣ˵ôܵԶĵطؾĻأ
ҸʲôҶƽЦһ˵
ƽѩһ۵ܸʲô£˼ڽˣûˣ
һƽѩ˵Ҷƽ֪һЩģֻڿϪ˻飬žͷࡣ
ҪҵĻһɣһοûʱ䣬ճ̰ŵĺܽҪȥһ£ҪĿټʸáҶƽ˵
Ұָʲôƽѩʵ
Ҷƽϸɲʡίң粻ֹٲӸϽ⣬ǸɲˣҲݳΪҴĻ¬
ƽѩ֮̾ƽҸоݾĻ¬㿴ӳ£һֱðȥݱһ󣬲뷨ɣǹá
Ҷƽһ˵һЩ⣬㲻ҪϣҲѱ﹤жѣұ˷ˣҲЩܳװһ壬ҲţһЩ˻һֱ̾ݵĴþ档
Ҷƽǿӣƽѩֻ̾ƽ֪ƢˣһЩԭǲòģҵʲôʧֻǲܴһõ𣿡
˿ƽѩҶƽ֪˼ΪŮϣԼϹһȻȴûﵽĿģҪһ𣬱㷢Ǹ¼ִط־ӵ״̬ȻƽѩȥݣǺأ
Ⱥӳ֮ͺˣ༸ɡҶƽ˵
ҶƽĻƽѩĬĬص˵ͷ֪ҶƽΪһ߼쵼ɲȻΪҵҪĽ
ҶƽϵʱȥƽԶļݵʽ㱨һ¡ƽԶ֮󣬱Ǳǳ࣬ɽڹϲûȫ֧ҶƽĹеʱ򷴶һãȻ˵Ҳ뻤ҶƽҶƽ￪չӦְ֧ɣϸɲһЩΪԳǵΪޣΪصһָΪˡ
һ룬ƽԶҶƽһЩ飬֮ҶƽʱҪЩ飬òȨ룬ɽҲҲģЩϸɲ״ֻһĲӰ죬Ҫ뽫Ҷƽûʵǲܵġ
ҶƽȻҲǶҲЩϸɲȥøĿǸĿôôֻǳûаɽֿ֧½Ѱ죬ίҲ޷ߵġ
ƽԶ˼ҪżʱһȻͻˣɽڹʡίʱҲ̫ˣҿһηչ
ƽԶ̸˻ȻԼ֣ҪԼ̬ȣ֧֡ھǻһĻȨ԰˼ת룬ģȻɽиĹ˵뻹ΪԦ˾棬ʲô¡
Ҷƽ뿪֮󣬵ڶȥ˹ҷίȥοϡ죬֮󣬱ӴҶƽ޽飬ϱʾڽо£ʲôչ֪ͨģ·ߵѡݵ
Ҷƽ֪ԼǲģҲҪ˵ֻϴһкȻȵߵʱΪݽһԣҲܰˡ
ϣҶƽȥţŵ쵼ȻôϤҲҶƽһ˽⣬һЩڴϵԱʱʮֵĹʾǻᾡ취Ѹ޵ȥͣ㡣
ҶƽǵĻȻԺ̴绰ǿʼжϵЩ˾ʹĸɲҪصĽйأҪ˼⣬ȫΪǷ
ڳ飬ҶƽϼʱҲ̸ˣ鲻ǷίܾģֻǴ磬ҪҪɹԺߣҪʡίʡĴ֧֣϶Ǹ㲻ɵġ
˴ξ֮ĿֻǸĿĽ軹ֻǴһĽ׶ΣҪʵʩҪһȽĹ̡
ȥܲίвɲҶƽǻصУ뿪̫ʱ䣬Ҫ֪ϸɲڸأڼң֪ͷֻᴫʲôԣæ֮ǻصС
ʱ򣬳үӵ׼Žһĸ״жһǲٰĿ׼ʡί׼һľٱ


1202 ν
ҶƽոջصݱӵϸɲԼ״ķһҶƽȻǶҪˣôľսˣǸ治ԼôԼԺͲٳ⡣
ȻǸ浹ԼԼ¾ҪȻ뿪ˡҶƽһ뵽Լп뿪еΣЩˣԼУһжΪеķչΪʲô˶
ҶƽȥоܸڳΪгֻԼһ̶ϿƽƽԵıгүӣһĺûǸӣʹ˶ԼҲûԼγĳԣȥҪìܻ֮ìܲͲ
־˼ңҵүȻԼǵĺ϶үӣڸܵҲǳˣûᲢۡ
һ뵽ĸԭҶƽòҪԳһ˶ˣ﹤ôͱ뻻һܹгȥ϶ǲеģʲôҲˡ
ҪѳԻʡίֻ֧֣ʡί¾İѳԸܽԵ⡣ʡί˵֧֣ǿ϶ԸѳԸȻҲʡίίǶ֧ʹ֧Ҳﲻȥгְ⡣
˰죬ҶƽеҪһĻͿζԴϸɲ״ˡ뵽ֻÿ̬ķչڴ֮ǰԼֻҪԼĹˡ
Ҷƽڰ칫ͷгþþǸгֹιҶƽ㱨һ¹
һþ꣬Ҷƽþ꿴΢΢һЦʮŵ˽þʮ¶ͷӣڴѧ̹飬ӹļͥҡ
ҶƽһǶŲٵĺøУȻֺøвŮµĺøУǾƷζΪ˴Ƚϵ壬ȻòҲǷǳĺã˿ȥϲ
רֹιҶƽеöˣΪԼʹǿԵġ
þгˣҶƽкһ£þЦӯӯؿһۣ
֮󣬶þЦſҶƽҶǣҪγУ߻һνڻ㱨һ¡
Ҷƽһоٰνڵ뷨Ц˵ٰνںðһԷչվãһǿٰͨνݣһ飬úò߻һ¡
Ҷƽ֧ԼĻþҪٵǮأгԴ˲֧֣˵вɣҪϳԲ塣
κⶼ벻һǮ֣ƵٺãûǮͶ϶ǲеģҶƽȻ֪⣬úǮһ⣬ﲻһѧʡ
֪ԲԸ֧£Ҷƽһʱǲ˵ˣڳȻгҪڶþǰ˵˳ԵʲôȻǲõ飬ҪЭ̡
гܲⷽзȨίƶɫսǼȶģηչɫãǻҪоν߻ϸһЩʱǹͬоȡٰܹ㿴԰ɣҶƽǶԶþ˵
þͷ˵һͷϸһ飬ʵ֪г˼Ǿø鿴ţҪͶôǮõòʧ˼ЩϻˣˮƽԽԽߣö˶Ըȥζȼ٣βҵȻһḶ́ǰ֣ץסᣬǾʹǵƷƳԺȻͻᷢչˡ
Ҷƽͬþ˵þг㽲úܺðǾҪֳǰʶΪʲôɫ𣬾Ǿôչǵ滷ǵһλģȻԣˣ滷ȴƻˣķչʲô˼Բһջǰָ˼ƫΨGDPǴӣڷչУûбûʵҲһֲƷƻ˻Ʒʵûκ壬ǻҪе񻯵ĺȫǵòʧǰѻã츣һǷչһЩ߾ĲҵĲҵûȾ
ҶƽԱôӣþҲǸеҶƽһ˼ǳǳȽһ쵼ˣһһͷ˵Ҷǣ㽲ǣҵչκ鶼ǿʵɫͬʱҲᵽ˹ҵ𣬵ҵԭרѡЩܳչҵפҶǣܷչȫĹͰ
ҶƽǺЦþгǴҵģûдҵĹͬŬʲôɼҲģǻҪͬһЩô׵İ
þһ֪ҶƽָʲôЩϸɲҶƽԣǱˣͻЭˣĻοչ飬ҶƽȻǸɾʮ㣬еķչơ
ڰ칫ͷ̸һСʱҶƽ̸̸ʱһˡ˿쵽ˣҶƽ˵þгҸеԥδһȥݴƵԵ㷹ɣ߳Ա̸
ƽѩ뿪УҶƽһߣȻ޷ˣʱҪݴƵԷþһȥԷ
þһ΢Цͷ˵ðɣȻһ߳Ҷƽİ칫ңǰݴƵԷ
ݴƵ꣬Ƶľź̹ӭҶƽźþͬնţҳöǳƯֻǶźһЩ˱ΪǽùϵʵþźһҲ죬ΪҲ֪ź쵼֮Ĺϵ
ǰźѩйϵѩˣźȴû£ڴ˵йϵƯŮŶ࣬ݴƵ꾭λϡ
ڣҶƽھݴƵԷֿʼҶƽ֮Ҳйϵˡһ˵Ϊẓ́ҶƽԶþҲˣҶƽ˫ûء
˵úҶƽ֪Ҳû˸ǰĻҶþź֮ʵûκιϵʲôûǻеģ˼ҿһ𣬲ͻΪˡ
ڶẓ́ҶƽܾΪ֪ź̿ŹϵȻԷźʲôЦһӣöźҲҽӽ
˴Ҳǲ⣬Ҷƽһ߽ݴƵĴţẕ́΢ЦǰӭӣҶƽ鵭ص˵ͷ뷿䣬þںûʲô顣
ҶǣԵʲôźʵ
ҶƽתͷþгԵʲô
þ꿴ҶƽԼ˵ԵУҶ˵ɡ


1203 гѪ
Ҷƽ˼ˣ˱һ˷߳Ա̽ҵչ飬źһʼʱҶƽͶþԱźţƽʱҶƽʱ
ڶþ꿴ЩüͷΪöźĿĲֺҶƽءҶƽȻֺ֪ԼǶźֹ̾Ϊ壬ͷǲųź̡
һ᷹֮󣬹άͻȻҶƽ˵绰ҵг˸ˣҽԺȡ
һ飬Ҷƽȵʵάô˿ˣûΣգ
άڲ֪ԭڵ飬ȣ˵ûΣա
Ҷƽһ˵ȥҽԺһ£֪ͨһļð̳ר顣
ά̴Ӧ绰֮󣬶þʵҶǣʲôˣ
Ҷƽ˿һصгߣȥһ˸ˣҽԺȡ
һȻ飬þһ˵ô£ô˸ˣ
Ҷƽڻ֪ʲôԭ򣬹Ǳڽе飬һȥɡ
źԱҲǸеԾ˵Ҷǣҵ֮ҲҵϵҪҲȥһ°ɡ
Ҷƽһͷ˵Ǻðɣһȥɡ
˱ǳݴƵǰеһҽԺơҶƽϵʱ򣬹άйص쵼ҲѾˡ
һ˹ǹ㱨ǺҶƽʵʲô
ά㱨ȻûΣգȽأгжദˣǣʧѪ࣬ӱʱѾԣжϡ
еأҶƽЩŭˣ˵еΰô˻ңάһҪ尸гһݺݵشΥ
⻰ʵά˼ǹάΪ⣬ҲⷽĹֻû˴¼˵һдΥӵ
ո˵⻰ҽԺԺ֪Ҷƽˣæ˹Ҷƽ֮˵һҪ֯õҽ˾ȹ
ҽԺԺæӦҶǣǼȫԺҽȣĿǰֹۣгʧѪ࣬ʼջԣʹסҲ롣
Ҷƽʵʲô˼
ҽԺԺ˵ĻпܳΪֲˣֹۡ
һҶƽһʲô˻֣ѵʲôˣеı
Ҷƽһ룬ļ￴һļҶƽ֮Ժ˺£һΪегҲǹ飬ȻҪעһ¡һΪһЩ飬㱨ǱȽϿɵģȻݵʱ仹о˷ǳֱҲȽ̤ʵΪвţеľ÷չҲٵĹףȻҪһ
ļʱʮֱʹҶƽ֮ǿѣҶƽһҪ֣ץס˺ˡҶƽӦʾһᰲŹذġάҲԱȰ˵һ¡
ļҶƽ뿪еһҽԺþͶź˿ҲǶݣʲôôݣȻ֡
ҶƽһȥάҲίԺάҪ㱨רһĹ
Ҷƽ֮ʵάǳжһʲô
άжӦһ𱨸װֱ°·ϵȺϳؼʱʹÿˣֳдƬѪ˺ֳǳ飬ֹˣĿȷֶβ̣ȻǱףѯļ˵ƽʱ˺ƣ˭ԭǻҪһ顣
Ҷƽ˵ͷֱףҪҪôΪ飬Ҫôƣƿ϶ǿųˣڻ˵ļδ֪һЩ飬ҲҪһ£ǲĸ棬ֹ컯֮¶˺һегӰʮֶӣǱҪӸˣо㣬ҪѰ֧֡
άѾʡϵˣҲ˹ӦܿͻûнαװȡͷӦʲô˭ںܿѾˡ
ӵĺҲҪҵҶƽᶨ˵
ά˵ͷҶƽ˵άҿطʼղô̫ƽҿⲻһԭ򣬶ΪһķŻЩ˲ôţǲܾ£ҪıʣݵشϹ뾳кܶ෸뾳ƷҲʮֲⱣǲݺݵؼԴǲ̫ƽģҿҪչһڳĶصƷŻʵŻֶֻܱԷӵĸѹ̬ƣѹǵ档
ά̱ʾ׼ⷽ飬û뵽ᷢݴһΰǷˣЩͨ󣬷˰֮ܰȻ£ǵĶ齨ҲһĹϵйֵļӳԱȥҶ֧֡
Ҷƽǲܽǵ⣬㷢ʲô飬ֱϵüί룬ҪɱһӰ٣Щ½ֻӲ½û½Ҫ飬ҪŹ˼һЩӵ⡣
άףºǽϵȡúץһץ齨蹤
Ҷƽ֮󣬱ǵ˵ͷάȥæȥˡȵά֮Ҷƽһһ绰ӵ绰ԺǸ˹
ȵ֮ҶƽǶ˵ع־ֳ־飬̽һĹǳеİ࣬鵱Ӫһþ棬˹Ȼ˺£˵һܶӵ¼һķǲܵҪıʣӾļɳڣڴ﷽治ǼίҪץⷽĹһΧ
֮ʾҶǣ㰲ŵȥ죬˺£ȷʵǵĺܴ߿ʱΥǵĵίͣȥΪͨ籨ţΰǼίһ鴦Ⱥ֮
һ˵Ҷƽǵ˵ͷ˱ʱˣȻһһĳе˺ܴӰ죬Ժ˭طΣ


1204 ҵ
ҹ֮ȻסһֱûѹҲ˵һֲˣάŴĿеõһЩϢڿûϣˡ
һļ˵ȻǱʹͬʱý忪ʼһһегͻȻܵ˵Ŀˣ˺ܶĲɡ
ʲôԭܵ˺ģȻۣ黹ƣͻְָ汾˵Ϊгڼ乴˱˵ţɷרŹ˽ˡɫţ˵һʱ֮䣬ܵ˺ҥɣȻͼӴף˵һ̰٣̰ټټװгһŲϢĳС
άʱ̹עһЩϢеʱȻҥԣҲܷӳһЩ˭Ҳų˺ʱκϢǲų
ڶļ˵ʱļ˼鷽⣬ڶְʱеְҲǴû˵ʲôˣΪʱ䲢
ԭ򣬹άֻܳųɱȥ飬᲻Ϊϵԭʲôˣأ
һάķ򣬶ʱɳԱʼֽ׷⼸֮󣬲ûнжأƺη弴׷ڹάİ֮£ûзѶٵ飬ǽָץˡ
ֶǶʮС꣬һϻģһǲʲôˣάһץס϶ǽʣͻⱳԭһ
ָץ֮һҲϹصĵ飬֮󣬰참Աֻά档ά룬ѶǣΪӷǳش󣬱ҪưģֳίǱˡ
ȻûϵôأȻùάԳ棬άһǸеѹȻ˵ûǳΪһֲˣҲǲֲ࣬࣬оȫǿԵġ
άǸ⣬ģʱ̣ôǾˡ
άǽ֮£־˶ҡˡһֿʼά˺ʵܵһڵϽɸ˵ίУȥ˺ġ
ɸǶʮǮĿǰȸʮʣµʮӦ³֮ģ³֮ǻûüɸϵùץˣڻûõǮ
һӣάɸֱǸɸȫʲôǲֻ֪֪Ǯһ·ڵϱȽʮϣ˵ɸǵİһΪɸˡ
ҲԼİά˵Ļ̲֮ԱȥɸһҪץҶƽǲ࣬Ǽץʵʩ˺Ϊ֡
ڹάȥɸʱϣ־˫ˡ־Ǵعֳ֮ǰҪ˫Ŀǣһֱûж˫棬ڽ˫ˡ
־һֳһźǿķܵί˫棬Ȼǲ׽Լ⣬ίֻȥ֤ݣȻŪ˽־
Ŀϰ壬Ϊϵ£ܶ뽯־ãڽ־صίֻýЩϰҹȻٽҷ־
һ飬Ըϼίٽҷ־ˣ˼ٽ־ǿȡһԪĻ¸⡣
˴Ļ¸һ֣־߱Ǳʼ½⡣佻Ĺ̵Уһ˾˼ίע⡣
ҹ˾ܲݣ˾ֽлͶó޹˾ܾҦ־ҦлԪְȨڴصľ֣ԷһֵڵĿҵˣʱҿŷǲ֪ҦʲôֶΣöֱ뿪˴ˣûκη
һ飬ϣ˱棬ǲҪùһ£Ҧ˲񣬻᲻źı
˲Ҧ˰죬ûκεϢ鲻һֻðѹά顣
֪ʱ򣬹άǰһΪĿǰ׷ɸ磬ɸݺܿͲˣɸȫɣ飬ǻͶó׹˾һ˾˾ƺͬһ˾һʵ˾Ķǹ˾ܾҦʱǻûвɵ٣ڵء
û뵽ŪһˣùάҦάֻһɵĵϸһǱص˵黪ó׹˾ϣôһ飬ǲһЩǷֻó׹˾ҵмʴкüʶǳ˴ʣûй黹ôûпΪó׹˾ʣ»ó׹˾ɱ
άɵػ뷨ĿǰһҪҵҦСͬʱҪҵɸ硣άԱҪɵʱͻȻ֪ɳݻո˷ɻԭȥһ˾ǣȻˣĿǰһݻ
Ա̲ȡжǰݻץɡ֮־ܣԱ˹ء
һ빫أɾʮֵţ˵ƾʲôҪץҪ湫ԱԱҲˣȻһڣǴݵĵŲС˵кͷĿ֮һ빫شεĽڽȻǲη幫Ա
ɵ棬ԱʱѶȽһߣڣȻȥɵסѲ顣Աɵס֮󣬷ɵļһȥǮһڵǲģÿ껹ŲС롣
ɵļԱѲ˰죬ȴһΪɲֱӶʵʩɱΪˣֻһԱڹԱҵǮ׵֤ȴǲҡ
ԱоֻѶܲˣҧڣ黹Ѱ졣
ά˵֮ҲǸеȽϼ֣˵ͻǵ߱Ƚѣû֤֤ɲ˶˺ΪȻָԼϣ֤ϻǲ㡣
£άһżӴѶȵɣһҲǲҪһҦҦ֪һЩ᲻ĿеõһЩ


1205 ѹ
άȻץסɣɲԼָʹ˺飬ҦάҹΪ֤һ»ðѰӸ塣
ǵάҦ˽Ҧʱ򣬲ŷҦǹʡ˴˴ǱȽϽġ
˴˴أ˴ǿԼල취ģעҦ˴ݣؽʻǿ϶ǲеģڲųҦû永еȡҦĻó׹˾ǷҵеļʴҦ˾ӦûʲôޣΪʲôָʹ˺
һάǾҪȥҶƽ㱨һ¡ҶƽԼİ칫ͷȡ˹ά԰Ļ㱨˵Ҧʡ˴п永һ롣
ʱ򣬹άͻȻֶҶƽҶǣ˵Ҧݹϵ˺Ǳֵܣһʡ˴Ƚϸӡ
ҶƽһҦ֮ݵĹϵüͷĻҦ֮Իᵱѡʡ˴йأڵ˴ݼֱΪһЩ鷸ߵĻˣŪù취ض׶ǣ˴˴
뵽ưѹȽϴҶƽǸ߹άֱӴҦʻҪȡǿƴʩĻʡ˴ˣʲô
Ҷƽ仰άȥֵҦˣȰҦ˵άڵӵʱϸɲĸ״һã쵼ϵɽȡҶƽ
ɽΪרȥһ˾ǣ˾֮󣬱쵼档쵼ѯɽһȻϸɲһʵ飬ҲǲҶƽˡ
һʱûб̬ðɽȥˡɽЩŵףҶƽһֱôðڸҶƽ⣬Ȼ˽ϸɲ״½Ҷƽʡ뷨뷨Ѿãֻһֱûкõİ취ϸɲ״һ£ȴһᣬһ˼
ҶƽԴжţǲ֪ɽ쵼㱨ԼģֻܵȴѾΪǰҪһˣ鲻Ҳûչˡ
άڽҦ˹صѶңԹصѯʣҦ̬ʮ̹ȻұȽţ˵ʡ˴ΪʲôҪʲôҪ˵ףȻڹ治ˡ
ҦһƹأѶĻᣬԹصʻȫԲ֪ʮСʱһ񣬱ɸѶ
ʱʡ׶˵绰ֱӴڹάֻϵġάһȻҪӵ绰绰һͨ׶ȷͷҦҦʡ˴ѶҦҪʡ˴׼δ׼ͽҦʮСʱΥģͷҦ
άһǸоԾ벻Ҧôϵʡ˴ˣȻʡ˴ʡʩѹ׶Ǹ绰ˡ
׶Ҫ󣬹άֻͬˣΪȷʵû֤Ҧ밸йأֻʻ֮Ͱųȥˡ
άӦ֮׶ŷġά绰֮󣬱ָʾ񾯷ˣ첲šȣʡ˴󷢻ˣûа취ؼûҵ֤ݣ֤ݣͻֱӰҶƽҪʾҦȡʩˡ
ͬʱҶƽ˻㱨ҶƽһǾҦСȻö׶Ȼ˵ʡ˴ʡ׶һ㲻ɣڳ棬ʾҦͬһ㡣
Ҧݹϵεǲڱʡ˴󣬻׶Ҷƽ͹ά˲ɵض롣ĻǸô죿ڻȽʵʼǲһģҶƽһֱŽߣʡίͷȴһܿܰаҦ鵽׸ô죿
һʱڽƵ״̬Ϊڹ飬Ȼ˵ץס׵֣ûвҵʹߣ޷ڽнصѹǳ
ʱͻȻ˵ˣ߹أԼɱˣΪԸŪǳˬԱ˽˺ˡ
һ˵һϲͬʱҲʣ֮ǰһֱصΪʲôͻȻˣ
ʱȻֲ״̬лָˣֱһ漣ļҲʮ־棬Ȼѹˣʶȴǲѣ˵Ŀ˽뷨ûʵ֡
ڳֵһϵάзãоڿڼ䣬֪һЩϢ߱˸һЩϢȻɲֱᷢ仯
һάרѶɣɵĵУһʱ˵©죬˵ûûһֱǱܵģɽѾһʱˣ֪ͻȻ˵飬˵ڸͨ籨ţڹ
֪һ֮󣬹ά̰飬ѾſҪ߶ˣô˻ͨ籨ţһҪһô¡
һ飬ǲһ⣬һνӽɣΪɴһһ֪̱飬üί롣
ԼίǳĬǿѶѹ֮ºܿصԭʮԪĻ¸ӦɴһЩϢоһǣɳУ¡
һɵļȻɳɺ˸е⣬Ϊһ˵ļҪ˵ģɵļҪһĿġ
̽ɵļίǱʻѯʸǮ顣ɵļԼίԱͣΪ˽£ͬʱҲڿõչ˲ŸǮģҲûʲôĿġ
ɵļ˵ĺԽȴ˸еôǮøչˣ⵹ǺģɳУ
̫ˣʹ˽£Ҳԩɵ㣬ί˺͹άǷǳ󣬻ⱳָʹɼôȻѽֵ
ôһ룬ŵɼָʹ˭ʮǮ˭ģǲɼԼģʲô˰ųġ


1206 ҪݵĴ
Թص׷ʣɵļҲǾܲصֻ˵ԼͨϵɳУǮҲԼģûйϵ
ɵļ˵Ҳ鲻ص֤ݣ֤˰ǽˡֹˣһƺһģףˣȻոմֲ״ָ̬ʶȻǲѣ޷˽н
ڰĵֻʱֻᷢ˺һܹץӷĿǰ䷢Ŵס
Ϣһ˺ܶ˵Ĺעе࣬Ҳ˲ţΪⱳݡǲܱۣҲֻʱϢͬʱҲԻһɱˣܲܲһЩ򣬽Ϊļṩᡣ
Ҷƽ֪裬ԸеУô򵥣һźǿıȻΪλеζеɲΪ¶˽ˣһŸڣֻǲ֪ʲô档
֮ԸеһõʲôôɸеòʲôôĻôδػٳеȫΣͻĻָʹ˸
ҶƽùάɵıΥɣֻʩӸѹ֪࣬ôĳͷ
ά֪Ҷƽ˼ȥάڵʱڹʡ߲ίпʼҶƽҪݵϢ
ϢΪһĿŶȣΪڴ֮ǰ鲿Աʡ˽˹ʡίίİܵģ֪ɽڵǰҶƽĻ뽫Ҷƽݡ
Ϣ֮Իᴫ϶ɽйصģ˲֪飬˴ҲŻΪϢпɿԡ
ϸɲҶƽҶ֪ģڰɽ鲿˽ҶƽĻҶƽһҶƽ˾ǿˡϾʡίźǿĻȨҶƽܵɽβҪߣ£Ҷƽмʤ㣿
ϢίʱĵЦɽڳˣֲˣ֣鷳ˡ
ڳԵİ칫棬˶ȡг͵ŽλɣϴڷˣҶƽд˶೤ʱˡ
ӣҲǲɵչüͷ֮ǰÿһδҶƽϢûô̫⣬ΪоҶƽǲ뿪ݳǵģһβͬΪɽ鲿Ҷƽˣ֮£鲿ͲòҶƽܲٴطˡ
Ҷƽߣ϶ҪίˣΪԵˣίǣ϶ǲˣʡίҪǻ˱ίǣӵ⣬Ͼгλʱܳˡ
˵ʱ򣬳۾оʤȯˣʱûȥ˵үȥϷø״£ûүԳȥ״鲿˽ɽ
ڻûжۣҪ˵λҲҪһˣάбõߣҿȽʺǸλӡȦ޵˵ǻҪ˵⻰
һжٸиˣάίǣܴίֱӵΪίǣǾһˣã϶ҪгԵƼԸġ
гǰΨհҸҪΨհˣЦһ¡
΢΢һЦ˵ôӹף־ͬϵͬ־иͬͬĻͲҪ˵ˣ
ִЦ
ͻȻ˱仯Ҷƽ֪˰ɽ鲿쵼ǰ齫ϢϢǳͻȻ绰ģ鲿쵼Ҳ˽ֻǷǳ֧Ҷƽģ˵ɽҶƽݣȽߣҺǵģǴ绰Ҷƽ
Ҷƽӵ绰Ȼһɵ룬ɽһֱⰡھȻҪ鲿ѵԼ֮ǰμˣ
ԼȻϵУҲûбҪֱԼԣ鲿齫밡Ҷƽһ룬˼飬ȻƽԶһ£ϢǳҪƽԶ֪һΪá
Ҷƽ˼ŰɽΪʲôϢų֪ѶˣݰɣȻʡίǣԽ룬δؾͻģڷųһƣԼ²ȥʡίǲҽ뽫ߣ뻹ȥ
Ҷƽ԰ɽԼ̬ŭڻܶ˵ʲôһж̬ȣȻЩŭҲûȥɽʲô飬ʲô
ȻеԼǳ̹Ȼһ뵽£˼ŵЩͼͼȴ羵֮Լǰ֣ٳ϶ִˣеЩɲǣ¶һô⣬˭İ࣬һķչ˼·ȵȡ
Ҷƽһ룬ټһίίᣬҪԿһ飬ֻܻһЩԣݳĻ̱״̬
ܣټίԱμίί֮ʱίǴ绰Ҳߣʵһ̽̽һ̽ĵʵǲҪҪߡ
ϵһЩԸʱҶƽƽ˵ͬ־ڻǲݵίǣ
һ˵æ˵ҶǣڵȻίǣֻϵһЩԡ
ҶƽȻͲҪ˵ʲôˣú׼һ飬ԼĹ
ǣҶǡæӦ
ҶƽĻеҲԲһ£Ҷƽʮ㣬ûʲôҪߵıʾĻڻҪҶƽҪȥĳﱸͷڹˡ
ĵ绰ҶƽʵЩߣҲߵñȽϽˣھȻҲ̽Ͳ˵ˣԼ֮ء
ôһ룬ҶƽԽеҪٿίίᣬһԼڵ̬ȣЩ뿪֪Լڸû뿪Ĵ㣬Ҳ뿪
Ҷƽݺݵľģţָȥһ绰֪֪ͨͨôˣ֪ͨˣϾ׼ÿᣡ


1207 ̬ȼᶨ
ԵڵίԺίң֪Ҷƽеĵλҡ˶ҶƽͻȻٿίίеʮ־ȡ
ҶƽһҲдˣΪɽȷʾҪҶƽݣ֮£ҶƽλݴȥлʲôȨ
Ҷƽ֮ǰ˲ٵ飬Ҷƽڼ˵裬ϸɲʡίǲ˸Ը֧Ҷƽʲô
Ҷƽ뿪ҶƽѵѡΪֻììһֱҶƽҲûٿչ
Ҷƽǽйٿ鵽ҪʲôԺίί֮󣬱ƽʱԻȵҶƽİ칫һˣ˫ͨһ£Ȼһң֪ҪʲôԱûٹȥҶƽҲʺȥҶƽ
Ҷƽȵ˻ңҵʱίί棬СһЩ飬ȻҶƽ̸ʲôҲоõҪݵĴйء
ǰμӻĻ˴ЭҪ쵼ͬ־Լûίĸгǣĳί˵һίᣬҶƽĿľҪȶģЩĴԡ
ҵʱ򣬴ҵĿȫŵϣҶƽƽȻһռǱӣλ
еıʼǱʰһ£Ҷƽ̧ͷһɤӣʱһĿⶼע
쿪һܽᣬܽһʵʩսԵĹһţսȫеķչսԣϵÿһˣάǻ㱨һչսԵĹչҶƽ˿ңܳȵ˵
ʵʩսίµķչƣ˵ӦǱִкʵʩڳԵҶƽѺܶ๤쵼Сŵίίάڻ㱨ʱά㱨
ҶƽҪܽսԹʱǵһҶƽǲǿԼҪˣǰܽһ£Ȼ뿪ݵ׼Ϊ˵ҪһĹǲһǹ
˵ͷǿ飬һʱ֮䣬Ǻܰһ붼üάڿĳίͬ־뵽һ״̬
άаҶƽҪ󣬰ʵʩսԵĹһ㱨һ£ʱһСʱţԵıһ£Ǵ˭Ҳ²͸ʲô˿϶ʱһʮָˣҶƽһߣ϶Ҫλˡ
Ҳ룬սԸոտʼһ룬ҶƽˣսԱ޹ˡȻ˵ҶƽսԲΪȻڿЧѾʮˡ
ݹرһǧľļӹ˼ʮȾҵЩٶȫʡȫ䶯ӡǣҪγУʵпѧչͨչɫٽȫеķչ֮£ǰεԱ࣬ٽеľ÷չ
ʱͶʽ׼ٰνڻһ͵ĽĿɶþﻮ£ܳɹٰ죬ݵҵչ˵һĴٽ
ĳɼڹرճ֮ǰǲģʱֻᵼ¾õʱ˥ˣû뵽ݵľ˵һţʱеҶƽ֮Ȼһֱڸ鷳֮Уڷչ÷ȴʱûзɣȻȡĳɼ
ڹҵ棬ҶƽѾץȫеļҪͨɵĽͨ裬ǿҵ˹ľÿڴ˻׼뽨ҼܳҼôͿһ¡
н跽ǳ˴ķչΪҶƽƶ˳һĳͼͼһһؽгн裬Ҵ衣
˵Ĵֱʽ裬ɻúܶΪҶƽڸɵݱô뿪ݣʡίǲˣҹˣôܻɵȥ
һܴìܰ
άн֮Ҷƽɨһۻ᳡Ҳ˿ԴңȰһĹŽһ£Ҫ漰νڵľٰԼĳⰲŹղάҲˣʱֽϸǿ
ｲ죬ƺ룬㽲ٺãͻȻô죿ٶҲûκ˰
Ҷƽƺǵֱڻ˵һɴԣһɲ֪Ĵԣ˵Ҫ뿪ˣ˾ǵ֯Ƶģ벻뿪Уʱ뿪ѵ˵ģֱǿЦ˻˵б۵ģڿԸߴңҲ뿪УҲ뿪УеķչҪǴҹͬŬʦ˵ȵ۴ҵδе㣬ϣҷģǵ뷨ò˳ѣһͬŬݽã˵һܽᣬͬʱҲһٶԱᣬϣܸԼķֹͬãǲܶԵ𵳺񽻸ǵʵеľڷɡ
Ҷƽֱ˵رԼ̬ȣ˵Լ뿪УҲ뿪УЩŴΪͷ侲ǲߵġ
⻰һ˵ҵעˣΪڷǳУû뵽Ҷƽ£һ÷ǳϸȻҶƽ˼һܴܲв׽ʲôõϢ
Ժ˸ˣ¶ʲôõĶҶƽ˵Լ뿪УҲ뿪ʱﲻЩЦѵԼɽˣڼȥƤ̫˰ɣ
ȻûгԺ˵뷨ҶƽĻҲҶƽ׻᲻뿪УҶƽֻԼ˵뿪Ҳ뿪ǵ׻᲻뿪²Լ˵ɣûһȨ˵´һǻ۷׷׵ġ
Ҷƽڽ֮ⷬȻ˵һЩɣж᲻뿪ݣô֪ʱľԼ̬ȣֻҪ̬ȼᶨһЩЩ֧ˣȻҲᶨһЩֻҪ̬ȼᶨӦ̫Ӱ졣
Ҷƽ껰ԺרתͷʳԵг䣿
ϻһֻЦ˵ҾͲˣˣҶ㽲ķǳȫˣҾͲˡ
һӣҶƽҲûǿɢˡ


1208 ܰ
άڵԼҦ˵Ȼ˵ⱳȴ˷ǳɣҶƽָʾһҪѱĶҪʶ˵࣬ʮء
ⷽĽǶȳάȻҪ׵ɵݱԼ֮ǰΪһܲܲ鵽ΥΪ
ͬʱάͼƽڳݴڵĺڶŻдڹһǳֵĹһЩɡһһЩ˾飬Ϊжһǲ֯֯ǹһ˵㣬ҪǣԺͼԺҪдڹŲСѶȣǳ
󣬹άģĵǺŻݴ۸ӵĹϵΪطбصĺŻһžĺŻһ֯Ѵˡ
άͻȻ֣ɴ˾ȻһԾĺӣǰסڹ⣬ǶǷһ֯Сආݺ޵һɢԱݱغǰͻȻΪҦĻó׹˾˾һϴȥ˼ҵ˾⿴ƺЩ׵
άһ룬Ҧһˣű֮衣ҦжܱסĺŻҦݹϵȴίǣһƺΪϵˡ
ǹάһϸȥ飬ǰһһش֣
ǰһKTV棬һӱһֳǹ֧ǹѸѣǹɱӲͨˣǵʱ׸ҵ˾ϰ壬һز
һͷңһΪݵ׸ҲǱȽϵ̰ݱҲʮֵĸӣ֮󣬹ȻȫưȴһֱΪΪɱ̫ˣǷ˼ҵİǮ̣˿۹˵Ĺʣʲôɹͨز򸻹̳е׸
Ȼ׸Ҳ˵ʲߣ죬˼ҶΪ׸ʱίǺгһ£ϾǮ
ӣйֺʡ˺óʱ䣬һ󣬱ǸŸεʱûȥӣάĹ̵бǷӡ
һԱȽϸٴεľڵʱһҳ¼ȱ֮ǰεĵûз֣һȴǷˣȱǰһҳϣͻȻȻ֣дǷɸ֡ڵһKTVԱʱᵽ˷ɸ磬ʱȻûȥɸ磬ֱӰѷɸ©ˡ
Ա˹άάһʱ˷νķɸ᲻ɣɻ᲻Ҳйأ˸ǣʱΪʲôûȥɸ磿
һγάеˣҲˣݳǮƣɱ֮󣬾Ȼûе˭²ֶε£᲻űĶ
еһͷˮɵıƺ޶ܣ˺һУͻȻȫƺźܶΡ˵ҦָʹģѵɾôҦĻҦܱƽ£
Ҧݹϵж˾ʲôȥҦȥɣЩ˷ǳġ
άһҶƽʱҶƽҲˣһ˶ܣô˵ⱳأֻǿ˱ɽһǣʹգǾһЩ˵ˣǣʲô⣬ûȥˡ
Ҷƽ룬ָʾάǿɵıɳʲô⣬롣
άû뵽飬ҶƽĻ֮ǱǾһѵ˸ڿ֣
άȥԺһ룬ȥһɣһܲưܵĻͿ֪̽һЩࡣ
˿Ժ󣬹άɽжԻǰǸӡάʱɵĿһ漴㰵װʲô֪ӣһ֪
ӣά˵ɣ棬Ҹ㣬㲻ϣʵǷǳΣյģǴ磬Ǿʲôǣ㲻ûʲô취İӲһɱ˰˺һİӣǹأ࣬˵Ƿǳģϣ⡣
˹άĻȻǳĬһСආһḻĽ磬άĻȥģά֪ҲȥٻϲһЩܹ۲쵽һЩΡ
ղһᵽǰľɰɵʵЩ仯ģֻ仯ܿʧˣ˵ɵʺǿͷе׵ģùάûʲôֻ֤֣̽һ¡
ɲشԼĻά֪ͨһѶ޷ɿ֪ġȻûбҪ˷ѿˣѶңǷԸһҪעⱣɵİȫҪɳʲô⡣
άӿ뿪󣬾ǰĵ飬žǲ鲻飬ѵƲ˵İ
Ϊ˰ȫά˵飬ӽй֪ӵˣˣһһǸ£һǷֹܵĸֳǹάճ֮ĳ񸱾ֳȥ˱Ƚϳأ빫άʲôȨ
ĵ飬ܲͨĻ¸û飬Ҫ飬Ҫһء
άҪӵʱû˵ʲôֻǵͷʾͬ⣬һˣάҲ֪ԸҲû˵ʲô
ӵԺ󣬱Ǻ͸һ飬Ȼµļ𲻸ߣǹάĸǳȫû쵼ļӡ
³νӴӣȻҲ޷ֱʲôķ
һֱڹ֣ӵȻǱȽϵϤȻһ룬˼ҪĵһǱܣȥô顣
һҪ󣬱ǸеһȻάҲҪܣǹάǴӴ̸ģҪһ鰸ӣȴǴӾ참Ƕ̸ģҲҪܣʾӵΣԣܱþͻִ⡣


1209 ٴ
ά͸﹫˾ĵ飬ͼ֮ʲôϵҲйϵô˵ɵı²һϴô򵥣ܻŸӸӵĹϵ
άѵһҶƽһ㱨˹άĻ㱨֮ҶƽһҪעⱣܣȡܰİӸˣİҲˣôöͻḡˮ档
ҶƽʱȻϵѹΪɽ鲿쵼ǰ൱ڵԼûһĻݳǿ϶վȽŸˡ
ίίῪԺȻ˵ȶһЩģЩϣߵڹһЩۣñò뿪ݳǡ
ƶʮֵĲڹһ飬Ҳܹע̫࣬άȥȥˣֻҪάܵͿˡ
ǰעͳһץȫеľ÷չȻ֮ǰίƶ˷չսԣǸչĺܲƽ⣬иʵʵıȽϺãҵ˸֮󣬲ǿͨ·裬һӿ˸ؾÿĽ裬˼ҵһʱ֮主صľ÷չٶλȫǰС
˵صľ÷չһˣڹرľļӹԼ֮ǰͷ˹رһЩǷĿɽҵ´صľ÷չٶȫеףӰȫоõķչ
ͷȻеǳƣ÷չٶȻ䣬ǵȻҲʮֲ룬ҶƽҪҪɫչرľļӹͿɽҵ󲻵òִУ¾÷չϲȥˡ
ǵĹôûмʱвҵ¹ܵȻûа취ԿҶƽ˽ȴҶƽϿ뿪УֻҪҶƽ뿪Ͼûѹˡ
ҶƽȻϱһѹûȴľͣȥչרȥһ˸غʹؿһ
Ҷƽһվȥ˸أҪһһصǷǳ⣬һҪһ׷չôˡ
ʱһ࣬ҶƽٴصʱָصĽͨΪĹˣҲ˵ٹ·޽ʡصҲޡҶƽеǳοôڸǮƻʩ
صĽѾˣⷽǲҪͶǮˣȻڵĳɼǰس߸˸ɵģҲ벻ĹͣýȻҪǽչΪҪ
Һس߸һȥӭҶƽ߸Ϊس֮ϵĲҪǰΪ˱Ƚϣͬʱ߸ҲƣҶƽȻðңǾ˵սҵȨģȻսǾҪϣȵ֮ôҲʮġ
ˣ߸صĹķǳ֮ãضһ츲صı仯
صĳнҲ˷չĿ쳵ҶƽҵʱǸеҺ͸߸˶ˣһ糾͵ӣ˶˺ܴ
Ҷƽס˵֣Ҷƽ˫յ˫֮УҺ͸߸ҲܵҶƽǰٵѹԼҶƽִԵţʱҶƽȻӲ칤Ĺ
ڰҺ͸߸˵ͬ£Ҷƽظոһ칫˾ι֮һ֮ǰһҰ뵼ҵҵͶʽʮԪ˵Ǹҵˡ
Һ͸߸ƶ˷ǳŻݵߣͬʱҲֻȾҵЩȾ˷صҵ
Щ֮ҶƽͷоҺ͸߸ķǳͷɸеοΣصĳɼҲĳɼڰҺ͸߸ôܸɣȻǳ͡
һ룬ҶƽŽһø߸ڸոյίǣǰ϶ǲܽΣǸ߸֮ǰһسˣô£һ¸߸Ӧġ
߸س϶Ҫίǣǰصίǻûпոڣȥأ
ҶƽԺһ룬뵽˴صصİӣˣһֱûüҵصİӻһֻʱûжͷˣǲҪһǣ
Ŀ֮Ҷƽι긻صĹ˴ءһأͷ˱븻صĽ紦ȥӭӡ
ųͷ˿ոµİµϽγǰʱҶƽǸ˲ǵϴʱ˵ĳݻһɰµϣھȻ°µˣ˻ٶȱȽϿ찡
Ҷƽ³ֵʱ򣬾Ϳ˴󸹱͹ӣҺ͸߸˵ķ糾γĶԱȡ
Ҷƽͷ˶Цݣ˸е崺磬Ҷƽȴǲô˵ЦֻǸԼģڱǰǿ²
˿Ҷƽǹϵ顣ϰľ÷չٶȫеףͷǲʲô뷨
һ飬ǸеͷۣڵĹԽԽѸɣرľļӹͿɽҵźö˶ڸǣ˵²йϵҵ㲻ùرգûйϵҵùرˣЩ˱ڸءҽ־£ǣһɲŪͷöʵûоȥʲô÷չˣҾǸ㣬Ҳûкð취
Ҷƽ⣬ͷֻýӦʾҪʣҵػѧϰ˵ҶƽǣȻҪʣôͶʻô
һ飬ͷ˾ǸеЩȫûдصͶʻˣף˸ûй˼⡣
ҶƽǰǵȻ˵ΪһЩʩҶƽˡҶƽԴص˽⣬ڵʲôӣʹͷ˲˵Ҳ֪ԼʵȴǺŪ졣
һ̬ȣҶƽеҪ˸ˣһһ𻻣һҲͷŽķǳãڳһ֮ˡ˵ͷ˰Ѵص˹Ϸ֣˵ڴظռһ棬˿ల£ȫбĵطһ֮ٿܻһЩСĦ
ŽᣬӦһðӣʵȴǴʷİӣҶƽ֪Ž࣬ڹûã˱ǵʱˡ


1210 ְҵɱ
ȡͷ˵Ļ㱨֮ҶƽֳҲûп뿪˴ءͷ˿Ҷƽ䵭ͷȻҲǸе˲á
Ҷƽ֮󣬳ͷ˰顣Ҷƽ˲ðﻰҲûж˵ˣǶ˲ǵľ˸־ĳ¾ʮֵĽţЩͻϰ˽һֱڸǣŪûᷭġ
ǣ˵ҪݳȥһҳгггڣǲʲôġԳ˵
һ̵˵ͷеҲֻˣҪסŴʣܲϣ㼱æһǰݳǣȥҳȥˡ
Ҷƽص֮Žͷȫ˸˴£Ĺίǵˣһ˵ελã˴ЭθθϯΪгسίǣһŪֱŵһ֣˵˴ȥǲǵθεģΪҶƽû뷨Ͼȥ˴ΣҲҪʡͷоͬġ
Ҷƽֱӽǵ˴ȥǵ˴ȥίһְһ£ø߸ȥΣسһְһ룬ƿȥαȽϺáһЩˣһѧʶˡƿȻֻĸֱΪһЩѶȣеʱҪƸȡƿسɳ
صسһְǰ죬øصίǵΣ˸߸һ˵سҲǿԵģίǸŰҵĺ棬Ҳ˲ٵĹҵҲس
ôһǣҪɹʵҪίͨڴ֮ǰ˳УʹһѶҲԿ˷ƷΧ˱仯ҪʵѶȿ»ܴˡ
ˣҪͨȱҪһĹίӽҶƽȱҵ־ǿ־ǿֲ֯ȫˣˣҪȥֱӺ˵˵Ϳˡ
־ǿ˵ҶƽҪͷ˸ʱ־ǿ¶ɫʾһӰίǺسȫˣãӰ쵽ĹһȰѳ߷еһˣһ
һ־ǿ˵ҶƽĿʱЩ־ǿ˵Ȼǲ⡣־ǿ˵һί˵ʵͬͷˣ޷ֱӾܾҶƽҪֻõһ·һҶƽ϶ǲģһ˶ûˡ
֮ԻΪҶƽҪߵķԽԽ࣬ҶƽƽҲãҲãڱÿԵĹϵ⣬ЭҶƽͷ˸ְˣºԿ϶һԽί֮֯Ѹˡ
ڲȹ۲ţȵ鳾䶨֮ʱνСģҶƽڿһ֮󣬸еȵһķҲǿԵģеƣֻӼȽسøߣƿΣһٽߣø߸ȥΡ
־ǿһҶƽ˵о÷Խõˣȴƿ˵ƿǳڲǸίֱΪس²ʡ
һѣҶƽ׽־ǿڲĻˣ뷨ˣ֯ĻϵĵͻһЩ⣬ĻҪǿеԱܴ
Ҷƽһۣ˵ƿȻֻǸλͬ־Ǵ仹Ǵ϶ģسҿûʲôġ
ܵҶƽϵ⣬־ǿеû˵ʲôˣȻ˵ԼСžţҲҶƽֻվһʱ˼ţûб̬
ӣҶƽֻû˻˳ȥ֮ʱ־ǿͻȻ˵ҶǣҪ֯ȥһƿȺܸߣҲֱΪس
־ǿ˵ȻһʱֶΣΪһҪĻҪܳʱģһʱ֮˵Ҷƽ͵ˡ
ҶƽһĽ飬ûбʾ־ǿ˿뿪ˡܴ죬ҶƽԽԽеϵѹڣ˳ͷˣôЩŹ۷ΪĹԱһصشڿʱ޷ʵĿꡣ
һ룬ҶƽеɽԼһУǳһ仰Ӱ쵽ȫˣɽѵܽݳǣ
ڽ״̬ʱ򣬹άӵһʮ𾪵ϢڿɱĹܽ·Сʱ֮ŷһһӵϢά̸ϵ˽ֳ
ֳǳңɱһЬڿҵդϣʱѾȥĸСʱѾʼӲ
һ֮ǰʦʦ֮ɱɱˡάһǷǲɱҪҽһҪΪʲôɱ
ֳȻȥɱǵǲɱ⻹ҪɵġһȡأȴǷּͷһȥˣûпɱʱ֮Իͣôʱ䣬Ϊ̰ܽˡ
άǳŭɴҵḶ́ܽȻصɵԼ֮ɱԭ
ҽɵʬ˽ʣһȴһҪķ֣ùάŵǣɵھȻжأĶأҲ˵Ǳֱ֮ģһʲô
άˣ˭ڸ˶ά˵鿴Ḷ́ܽǷҽھϸĹ۲֮ȴùάֹͣ˵̵ܽΪΪɵϷעӣӺССûз֣ǿǵΪɵķ˶
һά뵽ɻʦֶ˻Եʱǳ죬ܳڹܽж֮ҵһӴɵ˾ʦǸʦǳпɡ
άѸ˵ȡزʦȻʦȥʦǵǵʦʱŷ֣ʦǼٵģҲαʦ֤˿ɣ
ʱ˸еˣû뵽Ȼ˻ðʦɣȻܿʦɸɱ
άеǳأ˵ʦǾ֮ȴǷʦ˼һӰˡȻһβ߻ıɱڿ񾯵Ƥɱˣһְҵɱ֡


1211 
ͻȻ֮ڿ汻ıɱڷ䴫ĴǶɫʡάվҶƽİ칫ǰ㱨飬ҶƽɫأеڵЩ͸ˡ
˺һû£ܵ˺Ļ֮һȻڿˣһ˸ıɱģҸҪڵ˭ֻ֪һʦ
άһűʲôҲҪʦһҪҵŲ鲻浽ʲôáǸҦ֮ʲôϵⷽҪӴȣʲôĹϵֻҪ¾Ĳ飬¶ԭΣҶƽЩŭˣΧ˺һֱεһһٵ鲻ʲôȻύ
άһ룬Ҷƽ˵ҶǣͻȻɱҸоɱһйأֻǰ˶ɱĵ飬ǳ˵ɱһ飬ȻɱΪʲôٳƲˣһǣɣɱˣҪ
Ҷƽһ˵ͷɱһͨɱⱳܿгìйأ֮ԳٳƲˣ˵ŲСҪ뷨ⱳʲô
ά̴ӦҶƽҪҲһֱ˽ǱˣڱصһЩϤֻṩ鱨
ӦҶƽ֮󣬹άȥ׼͸飬ͻȻӵʡ׶ĵ绰ʡ׼ʡȸһ
ͻȻӵ绰άеЩ֣֪ʡΪʲôҪǾĳ񸱾ֳ˵ұۣʡȻҪߣ̫ʺ˰ɣ
ǾǳҪʡǲǲҪȥά׶ҪҪ
׶ȴ˵άֳʡڼȱ˲ţͬ־ҵǿʡΪʡǺʵģǾȻȱ˲ŵǻǿԶھˣҶǻ㱨һ°ɣҾͲҶǱˡ
˵⻰׶ǹҶ˹άĵ绰Ҷϵ绰֮󣬹άæҶƽİ칫ңҶƽҶƽ˵ºҲǸеЩƣȻʡһֵĸֳһ£Ϊʲô׶ͻȻд˾أǲЩ̫ˣ
άһ뷨ǾҪ֣ߣ¾ͻܵӰˡ
Ҷƽһ룬׶ȥһ绰ӵҶƽĵ绰׶ȻǷǳĿѵԭˣʡ׼ʡܶӵθܶӳһˣǶһá
һǵ˶һˣҶƽǲ˵ˣֹܲʡɣ֪ˣ϶ǲ˵ġ
һ룬Ҷƽûвͬ׶µ绰󣬿ά˵ά׶ҪΪʡܶӸܶӳ޷ֹܸо治ͷһ룬᲻ʲôã
άȻҲǸеͷȴ벻ҶƽҲ飬һͻȻʶʲôоһϵе鶼һĻ֮ڲţùسٳٲ岻࣬ҪʱȴҪˡ
һʲô
Ҷƽɵ뻳׶׶ʡλȨأڹϵͳź淢֮׶о˽ư˵׶ӦģΪڷʡǵİӣӦʮֹעģΪʲôעأ
ʱȴҪй֣ⰲʲôأҶƽɵؾͻỳ׶Ȼ˵׶ʡԼӦ̫еΣĻûнˡ
Ҷƽͷɣʱûи߹άȻ˵ˣǻ԰飬ž͵鲻ʲô
ֻбߣάȥԺֻŰ顣һֱӰŸ顣µŵг徢ǶݵϤҲֻаˡ
½Ժ󣬱ǻչݺ󣬻ûʲô湦һܰˣǽһ˲õ顣
һ룬¾鲻ֻĽǶ룬ȻӱӣôϿ϶һЩۣܲҵЩ˵ͻջ
йϢһѾǷ˺ܶݣ඼йɱ飬һϢһµķע⡣
Ϣַ֮Իᱻɱԭɱһ֮ǰһҺܲ۵С˾ҵ޹˾кС˾ʱ̣ܶȴ﹫˾˺ڹıУҹ˾ĸ˾һǩʽ
ʱ棬ˣ˫һ߼CBDشлƽضΣһƽضνCBDɵþкǿʵȻų׸ʱʵ´ﲻȴĹ˾ؿ飬µؿһ֮طȻûнԭڲ˳˾ס
ľϷֻǽһؿ飬ʵ˱˵ĵͶ˲Ǯȴûа취裬ȻҪعһЩ飬ﵽԷòĿģϻûеȵع⣬ԼǺʬKTVˡ
ô˭ɱأϷкͷĿͱİףЩһҲﲻ𣬵ΪЩ˺ˣЩ˲ֻͷһЩˣǵ˺ȴǲԸˡ
ִӵײˣȻòֽ֪ѶˣȥƽЩĻôͲᶪˡ
¿еȫЩ£˷Ҳ̫ˣѵɱı˻˭أ᲻֪ˣ˵ϵܽˣ
¸еǳҪܾʹ˽ҿһЩĻһھҪȥCBDⶰѾΪһطܴеʲôҲͲԶˡ
άһ£άӵµı棬ҲǴȤû뵽ϻֶֶֻ᲻ĳϹдģϹдĻô鷽ͻˣʱͽ޹ȥ飬ǻʲôأ


1212 άҲҪ
ڹάͬ£¿ʼչ飬⴦CBDΪҪ⴦Ļȴһܲ׵£˵ȥ˽⴦ʱ㷢֣˴Ѿû˵κβ˵Ӱˡ
﹫˾֮Ѿѳ⴦Ȼ֪ʲôԭ򳷳ģڿ﹫˾Ӱˡ﹫˾ǼС˾Ѳˣ󼸾ת֣һ֪زҵС
Ҫ˽﹫˾˵ĶԹԹܴﵽĿأ²˼죬һȻ˵˸еӽȴǲôò飬ѶȱȽϴ
¼ʱַһ仯ʡί֯׼ιάеίǣ֪Ҷƽ
Ҷƽʱеʮ֣ί֯־ǿϵһô£ʡί֯ôͻȻҪ칫ά˭⣿
־ǿӵҶƽĵ绰ʵҲ̫ףΪ鲻ί֯£ʡί֯£Ҳڽӵʡί֯ĵ绰Ժ֪
Ϊʲôῼ칫άֻʡί֯쵼֪Ҷƽе˵ʵάǸɲҪίǣȻҪʡͬ⣬ʡίίȴȲ֪飬ʡί֯ͻȻ칫άȻЩѰ
ʱ򣬹άˣʡί֯绰Ҫ顣Ҷƽһ룬ʡͷҪιάƺ빫άϵ˼ͬιάάǷ
ҶǣȲ֪𣿡άһʡ
Ҷƽû˸߹ңҪǰŸҵģʲô뷨
άһҶģȻȲ֪飬ôһģô죬Ҳ뿪еģҸо֮֮ͬƺרŶҺģǳΡ
ҶƽȻҲʶ⣬ֻûнѣһ׶棬һʡί֯棬˭ָӵĶʡί֯ƺֻʡļˣѵַͨʽԼ
ͬߣǹάûԲͬ⽫άߣĵߣȥһʡί֯ˡ
Ҷƽֱȥʡί֯ʡίֱ֯ȥʡί֯°ٽ˽һⷽ°ٽԺ󣬳°ٽӴҶƽҲûʲôڵģֱ˵ʼάε£ǲʡί֯Լ⡣
Ҷƽ⣬°ٽһʡί֯ݸɲ°ŵеģ׼άеһеίǣһĸɲ
һ°ٽ˵Ҷƽ֪ûиԼ˵ʵҶˣ°ٽȴգǾǲʵˡ
²άͬ־Ȼ㣬еʱ䲻˵ԸҲǲԸ뿪Уҵڲܵ²֪ǡҶƽڹؼϲκεòֱӱҪ
ҶƽʮǿӲ°ٽȥЩΪѣֻʵҶƽ˵Ҷǣ֯ʵҲǾˣǹע飬㲻ͬĻȥһ
ԭʡίͳɵ⣬Ҷƽʱ飬ίʡίǣ˵ôȥһС£һίǸ㲻ʲôʵǲӦֵġ
Ҷƽ˵ͷû˵ʲôһ룬ҪҪȥͳɣȥ֮ô˵˵ʡί֮֯ҪύʡίίۣίҪƱģֻһƱһƱƺܹϵΪάеĸɲʡίίǿͨĻûа취ġ
ҪֹµҪʡֲ֧УֻҪͳ֣ϲش磬ʹ˵ƱӶ࣬Ҳǻ飬µ޷ִȥ
Ҷƽûȥͳȥҳ񡣳Ȼ֪飬һ˵ΪǺ£ϾһΣҶƽȵʡίίٿʱ˵ͬġҶƽһ˵ҲüͷΪʲôôѵιά
ҶƽԼ뷨󣬳ıʮأеһɰڣȻô˷룿άܵ밸йأôǺˡ
㵱һ뷨ҪֲҶƽһӳȻ⣬ǿǶԹʡһֲ
Ҷƽ벻뿪ݵ鴫÷з˱ʱˣȻûа취չˡ
ҶƽͬʶҪʱˣȻĻƺҵ鰸ûˡά뿪ˣָ˭ӣ
Ҳʡίܹ֯ĵҪάߵʱһͻȻýϷһƪȵ£ֱָǰɱţԼҲûư
ͻȻܷ֮϶һ֧֣ļЩҲһֱŬȥ࣬ϣŪ
һҴý壬ܹʡĿƣҶƽҲڱֽ򱨵ָCBDĿĿûôͲᷢɱ飬֮Ŀһ˷ֲġƺֻһӰӣ˸˽֪ȴ֪ڹʡͨĳλʡ쵼ŮϵУڹʡͨ裬̰սᣬһ̶ˮֱƺûԸȥƿվ֡
ıɱʵһֱڴԣֻǹز֪ˣΪʲôװƣƺҲӰӣǵ˽ҿʱˣӦ࣬һ
򱨵˺ܶ˵ע⣬ȱ϶һըԵšȫĹעһʡ̷ˡ
ɽٿʡίίᣬҶƽҲȥμˡ˻᳡ֻ֮ɽһ࣬ȵ˵֮󣬱˵һܻıȫв׽ӰڮʡĹأҲڮʡ쵼㣬Ҫ뱨ϼӽ棬ṩص֤ݣ֤ǵıʵģҪǱǸ
ɽһ飬ʡίĲѧͷǷֹģڳ飬ȷʵеѹȽϴΪɽ˻
ίǸ߱˵ָ˹أǲܲӦ׼ר飬ٴεһи
ѧͬ־˵òһҪ棬һҲҪȥ飬ҿ׶ר鳤ȫȥ飬ˣͺðˣЩ߰ıͲˡɽһ


1213 ̬ķչ
ɽרٿʡίίо⣬ʾйرֱָʡί쵼ǿĵִҶƽڿʱʡί쵼ǲǾǰɽԼ˵ϵʮеʡί쵼ѵͳɣ
ĴԺܶ࣬ҶƽҲ˵ɽŮڹʡ̰ҵǮ飬Ǳ˵Ǹ⣬հףǸʡί쵼˭ھͲ˵ˣⱳһ˿϶ǲ֪ġ
йرع飬϶Ĺ㷺עӦΪһʮֵּ飬ѧҲǸеǳΪѣϾۼලȥƽ飬ѶҲǷǳĴ
ܲܰƽ飬ɱһ뷽跨ưûнڴ֮ǰάѾĵˣ˭뵽ʡͷרе顣
Ҷƽ飬ҲǸеȤйȼ֮ǰ˰ˡ
ҶƽڻûнʲôǰɽĿⲻʱҶƽͷǸеЩ֣ΪʲôǶԼԼǲԼ˵ԼȻ﹤ʲô⣿
ɽĽеЩã˵ʱʡίһҪŽᣬҪκεжǵĽڣڷ鱳ǲŵжǽĨҲδ֪˲ȫ֣Ÿ˽ʡίӦ
ɽҶƽеԼģԼûκ˽⣬Ҳȥʲô¶ˣһϣܵ࣬һܽȫƽϢ
˭᲻ȫ֣ûеңҶƽһ룬ǲһǣȻͻȻһ룬ɽǲڻ飬˷ƪ
Ȼеһˣֱûڱ֧֣ѷó֮ǰ˹ά£ɽ֮Ϊ¶϶ڳ£ɽͷϻɲŹء
ȷʵ֪ʲô֧˭˱飬ڹάһĵˡ
ⷽһ룬Ҷƽ㿪ʼ򱨵ı󵽵ûʲôأļ˺п򱨵Ҫ֣Ϊ֪ɱ࣬ҲǮƶ£ΪĿҵýع¡
ûĲ룬ڻ򱨵ֱָĳλʡί쵼Ҳпĳλʡ쵼Ķ˴£Ҳδ֪顣
Ҷƽ˰죬е۸ӣڳίɢԺϵ֮󣬳ɽ鲻׵ӦýдѹҸҲѹˣý岻ڹʡĿ֮ڣԽǴѹԽ⵽෴
ҶƽԴҲͬУǰɽʱǳŭҲ㷴ԣҪѹʹѹˣôճɡ
һᣬͻȻսҶƽҶƽһ飬˵Ѿȥ뱨˰ɽһЩˣԴ˻зӦִãʡͷ鷳ˡ
ҶƽһһҲǷǳģɽ֮һЩϿǲһ԰ɽ˿ôΪʡŻӰɽλӵġܽӰɽλӣͻתˣڹϿ϶ṩһ֧֡
Ҷƽûǰȥ㱨ⷽ飬ڳѾȥ㱨ˣȥЧҪãΪʡֻһʡίί
뿪İ칫ңҶƽڸееܸӣʡҲǺ˷ˡ£ίҲΪеܵʡӰ졣
ʡίίῪԺʡר¶󰸽е飬ͬʱѧǰǼýн棬ָǲӦӳķһЩ飬Ҫɾйزʵıǵıֽڹʡۡ
һ飬ýҲŽϴѹ쵼ʱӦ˷ѧҪ󡣷ѧǴӦˣ浱ȻǳˡûϵԺͻȻҴýתأӰͬʱϿʼЩӣλʡ쵼˭Լʡί˽ҪɾҲعˡ
ϵʱñȱֽɿˣ÷ѧû뵽ʱѾֱָλʡί쵼ӦʡίĳҪ쵼һʡίҪ쵼ѧֱæɽл㱨
ɽһֱˣȻ˵ʡίҪ쵼ʡίҪ쵼һ˵𣿾Ȼ˸ˣֱǲˡ
ܲܰӵҳɽ˵
ѧ˵ӦԣǼʹҳôأ
ɽҥԣùص£ҪгΡ
ɽ˱̬תֱ£׶ʱȻר飬ǲûпչֻǰȰǶһ񣬱̿չҷˡ
˺ܿҵ˲һͨѧҲûʲô飬ֻǰѵ;˵ݷȥһҵرǽ
ùû뵽ǣŹ˲һ죬عˣϵһƬַضʱеѹ׶ʾô졣
׶ʱһҲͷ㲻ûģæȥɽб档ɽһ۷ǳǿٲͬˣڰɽ֮ͬ£ʱ˸ˡ
һεɣ۵ѾһЩĿƣǷ׷ڲ²λʡί쵼˭ȻǸѧ˵ʡίҪ쵼ϾϹ²⣬ûκεݣץҲ˵ǸһѵûиݵôϷ
ҶƽѧץȻַŵı֮󣬱ǸеʡίһЩ˱ԽԽˣֻвܳһЩݣǾȻͨѹƵֶۣⲻԽŪԽʰ
׶ר飬ȴϵѾչĹάʡί֯Žάȥְֱˡ
Ҷƽе׶ЩˣһûƣйأȻôƲˣȫǲ²⣬ǰҪǲİ飬ԼǴ޷ύġ
ɽŪЩͷöʱͻȻʡί磬Ҫټͳˣϵμӻ飬㱨
һӵ磬ɽٸвãʱټͳ˿˴¼йأȷʵЩʧݣĿǰΪֹҲûƽϢ̬벻ܲټ˽ˡ


1214 ش
ʡί쵼ӭһشһºιʡίǣɽٵιʡίǣȫ˴ְ
ת˲֮䣬ʡһشתۣʡίҪ쵼ش仯ɽȻӹʡˣһ³ܶ˵ԤϣϾ֮ǰûκϢʾɽʡ
鲿쵼˾ɽϯ̨Ͽ˵ǿջЦڻ᳡ϱ̬ӵǿǱߵĿɬһֱڹʡǳ׵ģû뵽ȴǷص˹ʡ
ӰʡίһְҶƽϯ̨棬һУ˿һĻ󣬱֪Ҷƽǲˣɽˣ˵벢ûĻһߣҶƽô뿪ݣһг䶨ˣɽȥȫ˴;ͽˡ
Ҷƽ԰ɽĵ벢û̫ĸдɽһ۵У϶ûﵣʡίˣԼ֮ǰ飬Ƚ鷳ΪǣŮ飬˵飬ʹ˲ԼŮΪһݣʵҲҪˡ
ɽߣΣ˵һǳõϢûʲô˵ˣĵλڹϷκεĶҡˣЩߵˣǷǳʧЩһܵ衣
ȫʡ쵼ɲᣬҲμˣ۾ϯ̨棬Ŀ˴ΰӵһشԭҪҶƽίǣβίǣгһְҲûסˡ
ĸ׳үҲ˵ǳ׵ҶƽڳһʡίǣһҶƽĻгλӸһҶƽˡ
﷭ţԼ᳡ϵκνһɢᣬ㼱æصУ˹飬ŶԲߡ
һȻĿ࣬޷ţɽһߣΣҶƽˣǻְо޿ˣʱʲôԲߣóүӺүȥҶƽ𣿿ûʲôˣҶƽΡȻʡֻˣǸûʲôˡ
һ룬˸еް취Ѿ˱仯ʴӣֻܾһʡίεˡ
Ҷƽ̤ʵ࣬ôѹϵʯͷûˣڿװˣڹ״̬Ӧٹˡ
뵽һ绰־ǿһƿôˣ֮ǰ־ǿһֱԿΪŲ죬óηƿεְһ
־ǿһӵҶƽ绰㼱æ˹Ȼ˵ų°ٽ֧֣ʡί쵼ˣҶƽʡͷĻȨҪǻˣһСǾǲˣڱССģκεĽˡ
־ǿҶƽƿ飬־ǿϱ˵ѾΪƿԳθصس
־ǿֿ϶ĻشҶƽͷЦһ£Ȼʶʱ񰡣ŵģڿûбҪˣֻҪԼ쵼ûбҪʲô
ҶƽٿίίᣬоҪǣֱŵ쵼ƿصسõֱعίǣֱعίһְŰɡ
ҶƽһεڻûʲôԵǱʾǳ޳εҲǣĳίԱҲˣҶƽһӱһԾŶ
޳ԼӣҶƽҲٹˣһҪ˼죬ԲЩʬλز͵ٴλϣõ˳϶ҲҪߣһȵƿϤ˴ص֮ٽ
άεҲǳˣʡί֯Ҳἰ飬һиƽ飬ʡĲ֣άûٿչȥ
ʡĹչ˳Ժ󣬵һ±ץ£ʡζҪ࣬׶Ĺչôǳջ
뵽Ҷƽ͹ά˶Դ飬ùάʡרĸ鳤ר顣
άһְĽչǿź֮ܶҪЩ֮ҪҵؼýϵǸ˷ǳҪС
άеԺȴǷִ˲ڹˣѾˡһάɸеǳļ֣һԲβܽǱ߸Ū
еѶȷǳ֮󣬱Ͼĺ֮ûɵԼʹ֤ӷﶼǺѣγڻ֪ûв뷸
Ǿ飬άһǾǴĿлһ˲ˣǾǺųĺϴ󡰰ƤƤȻţΪرףֶʮ׺ݣϳƺΪƤıа׽ϡ
׽ϵĸԭֵһͨĸɲĸȻϣܳɲţССͲϵ˹һ𣬴ܶŹŪһȥֱ
˺׽ϳ֮ԼһЩǳΪѣҲܽѾȼѣҵõһʱνĳƺš
ʱһˣ߱ۼܶСһıܰƽһЩ£ȻкܶСĽΪãʹ
ǹ˶ƴûãҪҪоû˵Ǿ̫ˣûʱ׽ϱֱӺЩпزܴ绰˵ҪǵĹ̸һɡЩϰһе˲ô£е˵ϾʹӦ
ЩӦˣһϾͽǿķزĿ˷࣬ȻЩΪϵĳܵأٲͬ⣬ֱǱ֣֪һ
һЩزϰĸٲӦǵҪ󣬱ǹԹԵذһЩøǣɴǱ׬Ǯ˾û
һɣȻҪַԭⷽȡˣϾݲֻϻ죬Щս׽Ϸݵһ棬ЩʲôᣬֱһƵУ˽һֱӽսĺͷӿɱ֮󣬱һСܳȥСֻʮ꣬Ȼͨҽķʽˣһʱ֮ٸǰ׽Żˡ
ڣ׽һҷز˾ҵ;ưɵȲҵٲȻһɹʿҲСӰˡ
ɧһȻᶼ˵ĺͷĿǱ˭ô˵˼һˡ


1215 Ƥ
ά˰Ƥ飬һ֪йĺܶڹؼ˵ҽй
ƤѾϴףôϴףҶӡһڵϻֻʾˣĴ£ƺһˡ
άҪðƤ˵ѶǷǳĴ󣬶ҪҲô׵顣һ룬ȸҶƽ㱨һ£Ҷƽ飬ͷһ룬оҪҪӴһȲУȻҲ᲻ģڹάר鸱鳤ʵȴǳеһҪˣȻԼֹǸάҲбҪġ
ά󵨵ȥҿȲҪƤ˽ӴҪȵķУоҪʡ֪Ȼ֪ԽԽãѰƤʵŻȻѾϴˣϴףһȥ£ץסߣǸʱȻ˵ҶƽԸ
Ҷƽ˵ά֪鼱ãóȻӴƤĻƤ϶ϵ飬һͻ뽩֣ЩƤϵ˾ͻӣôͻִ鷳ȰѰƤɵ֮ͨƤ󰸣ôͻࡣ
ʱƤһװʮݻıȲ裬ȲϱȻŸֻеغŲ裬Ա߻ֵļһվţǰƤıڼСܡ
ʡﲻ̫ƽӽü´ң쵼ˣкϷˣƤ￴Ÿ΢ЦŸԭιйֳȻϷŸΪ
ŸƷһڲ˵ǹܲţϵòҪͣҸоڵӱȽϺãһЩ죬ȺȲ衣
ŸʡܶӵίƽʱôæйֳĹɶˣҲûʱܵƤƤⶰ
ƤһЦǹٳˣôܲϵ飬ҵǸ˵Ժ󲻲͹ٳϵˡ
˰ƤһۣŸ֪˵˼𿴰Ƥǵ˵ڹϵͳȴʮֵĹ㣬ŸãôһֱϵŸȻιֳˣΪʡܶӵ쵼ҲʮֵƤڻҪ
ϰףҲǹˣȰ㻹ǳɣҲûʲôõģڣôǮҾͳŸͻȻһۣ˵
ƤĿһ£ŸĻǳСȻһֱٳϵ˴򽻵ǲŹٳϵˣΪֻǣҲ˫һ໥õĹϵ
Ÿ˵ٹϵ飬һ·Ÿƺ쳾ˣڰƤ鲻ôļ򵥡
ŸȻ˵ٵιֳˣǻǽܶӵίҲǸ߸ϣôҲô˵ȻģĿĻ
ƤЦһ˵˭ϵңгкȣԼĲҵ˹ҾһͨСգǴãˣ˭Ȳȥ
˵ŸǺЦȴ˵ʲô˴ƤıʵǴģȻ˵ǰƤģȴǽҲôʹƤıȲ衣
ƤҲԼԼظеʲôˣԼ֪ģЩĹٳҲ֪ģһŪ÷зȻ˵ڻûе鵽һ˵
֮Ȼ죬ŲæΪ֪ؼѾˣôҲ鲻ͷϣһЩ˵İæŪô׵ġȴǵ⵽飬һпǣǣŸҪ˵顣ˣЩ޷ȥˣͲʲôˡ
ϲѾӵ˹⣬ϲĹϵ죬ЩƲϲϲʵһƭӣݵʱ˵ʲôϺ쵼н֪ⶼϲ񻰣û񻰣Ҳк
û뵽СӺƵıʵԼһ˸ҪɽŮȻҲˣϲñȽ˧ɣȻĻɽŮôס
ɽŮȻݾ̣ǲΥ飬Ȼһϲ֮һа·شĵǴĿһðɽŮ;·Ŀȫϲ߻ġ
ϲһƭӣûʽҲûй˾ƾһƤȻȴ˵˰ɽŮ뷨ƤҪ֪λã˭þõģʹǰɽŮҪƾҲǲܵģΪɽԲҹŮõأ֪ˣĻѿ
Ѳϲϲٴγַ粻֮ãȻ﹫˾ƽˡ﹫˾ʡһõصĻ˲˵ЩʲôҲۺʽغпܡ
ȴûжģΪȻһҲôǿĹϵҲﲻ̶ֳȣ£ҪõأҪˣϲĻţϲһǿϵˣʡˣھҲˣһ
ϲĴ֮£ɽŮԼϲȻĸ̸Ŀ֪ɽŮ֮ǵʵؿ˵ûκ⣬Ŀǰ㽡
Ϊ˶Ŀϲרųһ˾﹫˾չö֮ȡ棬ȫ﹫˾µĻʱ治÷ˣһ˿ʲôè
ϲ˾֮󣬴˾ǩ˺Э顣ǰڵĿʽµԺȥдȻĿ
ɽŮصı֤﹫˾õأڰƤˣǷһ˴еңʰ
ʵϣ԰ƤĴڼΪˬΪûбҪðƤٷһЩƲҲǲͶе
ϲǣߣ󲻺ö˵ʲôֻҪĬ飬ðƤʱЭΧ̻Ĺϵ⣬˹ңӰ쵽
һǳ˳﹫˾ͨ꣬˳أҼ۸񻹱Ƚϱˡ˭֪µԺڲǨϳһЩС⣬ֱӰ쵽̵Ľȡ


1216 ˮ
Ǩһѣˣǳջ𣬵ûǿƵϣڰƤϡƤһʼҲǳ־ñֶν⣬ϧԵĲͨϰգŷḻϸɲΪ˴ϸɲڴ˾ס㣬Ʊϸɲľҷ
һûЧһ˷ãĿ̱ƤʶԼܵģϲҲһĪչɽŮҲûа취˭֪ϸɲﲻ𰡡
ԼһһĽ̸Уųһչ˽չ֮ǿ͸ϲ˵ĿЩ˼ֱǿװǰԼô࣬ŵõٷ֮ʮ󣬶ʲôûиɣҪ߰˳ɣҲʵ̫ƽˣõ⣬ʲôף
󲻽ǲ뷨пʼϲ˵Ĳ룬صĿҲٸǿˣжĿ֮⡣һϲȻʮֲ뷨гŵҪ̫̰ģԵ̫š
ǴʱѾ˾ģϲ˺ȥĿѾˣȫƽһЩ飬ǻ밴ԭķֳȡ棬Ȼǲܵ¡
ڴ£˫ìܲ˼ϲǳջ𣬰ɽŮҲǲƤǸӲˬˣ˽˵Ҫѵѵһ
֪Щ֮ȻҲǲʾҲʮ꣬ʲôûмҲǾ򽻵Ǯ°Ƥĺ᲻ɣ
һ˫ìܾԽԽˣһŻˣҪѵһ°Ƥʱ򣬰Ƥ׸ŭˣ׼׽һ汨󣬶һҲ°ظ
һƤ׼߻İɱжͬʱϲ⣬ϲһһ뵽ĿæʲôҲûеõ̫ˣһ룬ͬƤȡжͬʱעⲻҪ¶ݣ鷳
ʱɸոմӶڲã֧֣ڰƤɫɱֵʱҵҪվȽŸӵһʵһҪ֧֣һҲҪһļϣǴһ
ʽ͹ɰƤṩɸʵʩھҹ֮ʹɱ֣ǹɱһֳ֮ڣһѪ
ѪһȻʮӣһʼ참ĹԱǳְ𣬼ץɵβͣǽžȻĪֹ˵飬⹫˵ǹɱʼûе鵽뽩״̬
ڵʱý岢ûжԸðй㷺Ҳûἰ׸ɱ£ʱȥӳٳûơ
һҪԭΪĻֲ֮˴£ƤϲԼɽŮйءȻɽŮȲ֪Ǻһ˵鱻ع⣬ôҲӸϵĻһЩп̨ܳ棬ǼΪġ
ɽŮͨӰ쵽һֹԱƤϲֶͨﵽͬĿģˣչ³ڽĽ
Ÿ죬ȻǿĲ֮ŸʱйֳרԱ֮һȻ˽Ļ˳Ӹϵڹ˵Ƕ԰ƤһȰ˵Ļܲġ
ϰƤΪ鴦ıȽ׵Ѿؾǲ鵽Ҳûκΰ취֤˴£صʲôŸ˵̫Сˡ
ƤԸ뿪ڣŸȻҲûа취㵽ֹɣֱҪ˵Ƥŭ
뿪˰Ƥļ֮Ÿȥ׶㱨׶ҲǣӵУڵеǳͷʹǵɽų棬Բ鷢ʲôϵ
ڰɽˣǳӣòȿһ飬ôڿֱӽƤץ°Ƥȥ˵һЩ飬ץƤһˣˣŲٵĹǣ֪ô졣
һ룬ֻŸȥƤðƤ뿪ڣһͲץסƤп֮ܲڿƤû뿪ڵ뷨еǳջ
鲻ðˣһʱҲûа취ֻһһķչɡ
άҶƽĻ֮󣬱ΧưƤչ飬֮ǰһЩΥ飬ȡΪ֯ŻͷĿԸ
άר齨һС飬Ƥ顣ƤڵҵңӪҵңŲСҪҪһѹΪ˵ͻ˵شӪҵչ
ܽеģרŸƤһһƤʱûʶػᰵжҪǰ飬Ȼиߵ˿ûʶΣյ١
ǣûв͸ǽάıܹٺãҲûȫסƤҲҪˣάĵ鹤˴ܴĵԲ֮󣬰ƤǴ֪Ϣһ֪Ϣ֮󣬰Ƥ绰Ÿһ顣
ʱŸ֪飬ΪôҪĸλˣʾ֪ǿԴһ£Ȼٸ
绰֮Ÿæ׶ȡϵ׶һ֪飬Ǵһ빫άᱳ飿ֱӸά绰һ룬ˣ˲һ顣һ֪άȷʵάܵķеá
˵άר鸱鳤ҪɱģȴϣҪƤ飬֪ƤйأǷְƤкʵɣģ
һʱ֮˷롣׶תһ룬ʱǱȰƤ뿪ڵûᣬȻ֪άܵʲôʱðƤ뿪ƤӦ᲻ͬˡ
׶ŸƤ棬Ȼ齻Ƥ׶ķԸ֮ŸƤ棬ٴƤı֮ڣѹά˵֪ǰնٲ뿪ڣ»д鷳
֮󣬰ƤԸеЩˣùάץסˣʹǹӣҲҪ״ˣȻ˵׶ŸչˣάҪҲûмסǰõİ취ֻڣȻȥһ뻪ûйϵĹȥȻܹñȽϿƣܱûĺá


1217 ƻ
ƤҴҵһʱ֮Ҳ뿪Ҫһ¼ҵͲҵҪȵĲʱ뿪ڣеһʱҲץΪû֤ݣ֤ݵĻάʹˣ
ڴʱµļغ͸ٷŸƤϵ飬ǳشæά㱨άһҲǺܲ죬ΪŸΪʲôƤϵôУҿȥƺйءѵŸǰƤıɡ
άɵػ룬űȥҶƽҶƽһҶƽһӵı棬ͷȻҲǸеޱȾˣŸԭйֳƤʱ˵֮ǰʶŸרŵƤıȥ֮ʮֽܵϵ
ǳ˵ŸƤ˵ʲôȻпҪǰԤˡ
άƤϵӣһҪעˣһҲҪעӣеĻزðƤˣʲô춯ϾвҶƽһ룬άԸ
άͷӦͬʱʵŸô죬ŸƤйϵĻͨ籨ŵģŸоָô꣬Ųٵˣҵͨ籨š
Ҷƽ취ΥҼ͵ΪίŹ
֮Ҷƽֱȥҳ񣬰񱨸һ£ӸӵĺܣҪãųڵĻͿ϶Ͳð졣
ӳٳƲҶƽеŸһ׶ҲпһΪ׶ıеǳ֣Ϊר鳤ȴûʲôΪ治ʲô⣬ΪʲôҪų׶ҲҪһų
Ҷƽ֮⣬һ룬е׶ɽ֮Ĺϵ̫УλѾ˺üˣҪˣ׶ƺҲãʱҪ빫λӣŵʡЭȥְ
һְ˭ΣͷûʲôѡֻίǸ߱ˡ
Ÿ취üίһľ⣬һͿųˡҶƽԺûһ£ʡһְش仯׶ʡЭθίԱһְ
һԲͬѰ֪ٳ˶ʶһõԤףΪ׶ĵλҪŪʡְλݣֱӽЭȻ˴۾
Ÿһ֪Ϣ֮ҲǴһеһʧǵĸоô׶һֱĿɽͻȻе³
Ƥ֪֮󣬴æ֪׶ĵܿһ̵ǰ࣬ٲĻпܱץˡ
ȻʱͼǱ˾ʱ򣬹Ѿ٣·ɹץ
Ƥץ֮󣬹άרŸѶŸ֮ĹϵԼ֯Ż
ڰƤץͬʱʡίԱŸİ칫ң´˫ҪƤ֮Ľ⣬һˣŸĬ
ôԸ⽻ߣʡίԱݺݵ´
һ߰ƤץһŸ˫棬ͬʱܵ˵飬ʱֻҪмһ˱ͻˣǺðˡȱͻƵŸΪŸ֪ԼƤùظصʱ߱Ǳˡ
Ÿ׽Ƥ֮Ľ⣬һ׶˳˵׶Ƥ֮ҲŽûйһ׶ֻǹ׶Ƥ
ֽŷǳشľ⣬ŸԼܰƤʮԪĻ¸ԼһЩƽ鱦ͬʱƤҵĸɹɣ͹ܻˡ
ŸһͻƣƤûٵˣŸƤһȻǱȽͻƣŸˣϻʲôã
ǿѶѹ֮£ƤҲֻùŸ׶֮ĽҹԼһ͸׶һԪ׶Ÿ˵⳹ױ¶ɶҲ˵ˣʡίҪ쵼ͬ־˫׶ɡ
֪ʡί˫׶׵׶йصľ⣬ǵʡίĹԱ׶ʡЭİ칫ʱȴǷ֣׶ɱˡ
׶ԴŸȥ֮󣬾ž޴ѹûпסѹɱˡ
û뵽׶ɱʡίԱ겻ѣ׶һʡ飬йĵܾҪֹˡ
׶ɱŸ˫棬йصȫίǼʡ߱άþһа취Ҫһ
鵽άʲô˼ɣʲô谭ˣȻ˵ѾǺۼ֤ڣͿܲ¾ĵˡƤȻΪˣ͵鲻飬ǲһԸڽƤЩֵȫץ֮󣬱ǲ鵽˰ƤӶǹɱ顣
һݷݶ֤չʾƤеԼȫˣ֯ᣬһɱˣҪԼܲص飬Ѿǲܵˡ
һͻƣƤһЩɱˡ˺Ѱµȶҹ佻ãΪƽµĹ취Աһʱ֮䣬ʡίмίԱĴ˶ӰƤĹԱ
𶯣Ƥһɷ̰ķ籩永ԱĻ̡̻
ɱһɹƣڿһҲǱƣ֮ԻڿҲǰƤĲ߻Ϊ֪άҪйʱӶһְҵɱðʦǱ뿴ɸɱͼɱڣɱ˺ְҵɱֱ˹ڡ
һпȥôľĶǣΨһ񱻹˺ൽʲô֪Ѿǵ鲻ȥˡ
ͬʱ׶ɱڰɽŮûҹҪ鵱ɱһö֪ȻƤ˰ɽŮõص飬ǰɽŮûвɱһȻܶȡʲôʩʱɽŮѾ뿪˹ʡ
һ֮ʣʡӭһµоʡίǴʡʡһְһǶҶƽʮġĹϵԭڽְʱϵҪãֵطʡǶʵ̫ˡ
֪ԺҶƽȥ˵绰һӵĵ绰ȻǺͨ˻û뵽ԼܵʡԼϸʡλӾͲˣ֮˵ͻᵽʡ˴ʡЭȥְ
ʱѾʮ긱ʡ˾Ӷߵ䣬û뵽ͻȻ֮ʡʡɴӳ꣬ⲻеˡ


1218 İ
ͳһûܵʡһְʵѾԤ֮ڣŰɽȻ볡֪һֽʡίλϼܵӣùҲûʲôͷ
ĵɻԹʡķչһƶãҶƽǺøˡ
ҶƽǰصҪƶĽ⣬ȡһҼԴˣгĵģֻڴ֮ǰɽȲټϻû׼ãԻûеõҵڳʡίǣֳʡҪðˡ
ҶƽڴһȥҴ㱨飬ȫʡ֮ٽʡÿı䵱ǰò
ǴӷʡȻҶƽһķչҶƽһ˵˵һļϣʾͬ⣬׼һܲίԺˡ
һǴӦ飬ͺðˣץ飬ǾߣǴȴҪִߣûд֧֣϶Ǹɲõġ
һãǿչʱѾûκٻҶƽλˣʡίǺʡ֧ʡίί˾ܵóѣ˭ԣǼֱˡ
ҶƽٿίʱԺ䣬ûʲôԿĳ֮УΪгҪУһĹûչȥ
ֻҶƽһʱ֮仹û뵽ȥһֱϵڡҪĴôͱ뷨ˡ
һҶƽȥ㱨⣬ȻҲ֪쵼ӴڵҶƽĻ㱨֮󣬱ֵԵλӡ
гλñȽҪεҲһ⣬˰죬žԵʡί칫ְʡί鳤ĵһֺܲõĵûа취ûʵλˣҪ뽫ʡֱصһ֣Ҫпճλʡί鳤һһӰ첻
Ժ󣬳㰲ʡί֯飬ʱҲ֪ϢˣǴʱƿɴ򣬳үҲ˴죬ҲûɸʡίľԼĶпܳΪʡί쵼ģڵʡί칫θ鳤Ǿ൱ڱɹһߡ
ʡί칫θ鳤ʵȨȴǴˮ鳤ֻЭʡί쵼Ȩʡί쵼ģʡί쵼ȨȨ޵ģڳԾԭгڵﵣθ鳤˾ͻΪܱˣʡί칫Źء
ʡίίῪԺ󣬳ԱУʡί칫ְȥˣгίάнΣͬʱ֯־ǿίǡ
Ȼ־ǿҶƽĹϵУίǣſԿճ֯λӣ֯λӣǿΣþ걻Ϊг볣ίӡ
ί鳤ܾ˾Ӷߵ˴εһΣΪɲְλɷΣί鳤ι滮ֳѾһʱˣҶƽҪ鹤ǿϣ÷ʽί鳤һְ
һίȫҶƽĿ֮ˣֻʱûжǲ붯ʱûнĺѡϿһľ⣬һƺٵⷽ⣬ȷʱٽ
ʱûж೤ֲ״̬֮󣬹˰ʱ䣬Ȼ˵ˣһ֪˵˻ѸٵظϹ˽ⰸӵ
û뵽Լջһ֮ľ򹫰ؽ˳
ԭ֮Իᱻ˺ԭڴ顣֮ǰҦĹ˾ϵҵндͨһЩٵֶνд´Ĵʳ֡гְ֮󣬱뷨һ棬һմһǲҦƵĹ˾
֮£ҦìܾͲˣҾСѱвԸǿӲһף£ìܾͿʼķ
ȫҦ߻ĽҦ밸޷ѵĹϵһر֪࣬ץҦ
Ҧڹ˾ϰ࣬ûеõκϢùԱץ˸šŹԱͻȻҦǿб򶨣ǵص飬˾ǱˡҦֻˣҹػ֪ǣһܣĻ˹صԱʱ֪
ȵʼѶʱҦͱʾûйϵȫǱɵģЩҲûá
صԱ࣬ҦͰ˳ԭٴһг˼ӣ֪˼ǰɽŮԭһֱڹʡ̣ڲ֪ˡ
˼ʶ֮˫֮ͱŷǳеĹϵҲϵĹϵ˫֮㿪ʼеĺ
ڿչʱ򣬳˼ָʹٲндƭȡеʽҦҲܵõ棬ҦҲǷǳ˷ǳá
һǣɽŮ֮ǰǰɽŮʲôŮ飬˸е۸ӡ
ڰɽѲλȻûʲôˣάҶƽһ㱨ҶƽȻҲ̻ɽŮùά跨ץ˼
˼ʱھǱߣȻǷޣΪİӾˣҲˣ޶֤ˡûϵ֮䣬صԱھǵԢֱӽˡ
ɽһŮߣʡ˴绰˽⹫ΪʲôҪץŮҪʹ˵ףȻץŮ
ɽ绰˰ʡ˴Ȼʡ˽⣬ʡͰͨй֡
ά֪ԺҶƽ㱨Ҷƽɽʱ뱣ŮǸеЦɽ̫˰ɡ
Ҷƽû˵ʲô߹άù飬ɽ飬Բ˶ߡ
ʡûиػɽеܲˬֱӴ绰ͳɣһ¡ʱͳҲеǳΪѣΪڵͬˣ˵ûжٷˣһ£ôʣ


1219 
ͳɸеǳѰ죬һ룬ǸίǼ湫߱ȥһ绰ⷽ飬߱Ǹһ䣬˼ӷڸץˣ顣
ԺͳҲûʲôȻɽȥһ绰֪˼Υﱻץˣɽ˵ʲôˣԼŮȥľģզ᷸أ
ʵ֤˼˺ܴĻָʹҦ˺ˣڲηɽȨƣܾҦ³˼߳ŭʹɱ֣û뵽ûչ֮飬ĻҲ鵽
˼һЩйذɽ飬Ȼ˵ɽ֪ŮŮڹʡ̵ʱķȨƲ˴к֪ԺȴûֹҲΥ˼ͣ˱㽫ϱ롣
һ㱨룬ɽע⣬мί̸й⣬мίԱʻɽǳĬֻðص˳ɽܵĴ
ƻԺǱӵϲԼǸɱɵְҵɱȻûбץסȻùظе⣬Ųҵˣȡɻع
ҶƽʡʼĹ˳Ҧڱץ֮￪ʼýšҶƽʡίţ飬Լо̣ͬʱҵϰϵУصмίѾգǲ鴦Ҫʡί֧֣ҪʡίĲ룬ܽ˫档
είίֱӲ鴦Ƚϴ𶯣һ˵鴦ε쵼ɲҪְϣټԲ鴦
ҶƽţԺ󣬾ֱӽ˫档ʱҲǸеһֽŵķΧΪҦĳ£пǣ⣬֮ǰ֮ƽ£ΪųԵĴڣһշڳԵУҶƽȫУ֮£һΣˡ
ίĿ齻Ҷƽһ飬ҶƽǵЦЦʱĿԵҲ̫˰ɣʱôȻ˾ٲ̽ί̬ȣͬ˵ûʲô飬ͬôпܺء
Ҳûа취İ취֮£еѾˣȻӣЩʲôֻ֮İ취̽ί̬ȡ
Ҷƽû飬ڽӵ֮󣬱ϵʡί֪飬˽⵽Ķʲô⡣
ֳ겻ʡίʱȡʩһ￪ʱ򣬽ߵˡ
֮ίίһְȥίҲȥίһְείΣ֮ҪίǣҶƽһϣϣίίίǡ
ȻίǺ󲻾ãҶƽĽ£ʡίϣΪίίίǣϣ֮һؼļίǳɳΪһļίǣȫʡ˵Ҳټʵ֤ϣĹܶ࣬ҼͼҵεĻ϶ûڵĹЧҶƽΪίǡ
ϣ֪ҪмίǣͷȻǷǳϾܽίί쵼ˣⶼҶƽ֧֣һ϶ҪҶƽĺȥһЩ顣
ίӴûҶƽίӵ֮ǰȻҲڿչдһЩ¹չĲ죬Ҳá
ڸûˣҶƽҪһˡϣһμίǺ󣬱ֵ˴ίǳ͵˴ķãڵίǺسڼ䣬ӪҵһһЩϰĻ¸˽˫棬ֲ˺ܴ𶯡
֮Ҷƽ߸ȥίǣƿӣڴشصĸ⣬ҶƽרŰϣȥѴصһ׻һƬ徻
ЩڿԴḻǮԽԽ࣬ЩǮ˶ǿԱ໥ᣬȡòɿȨȡõģĽȻ¸ָܵĲͷΪίǺسͷܣ㻵ȫص̬˳£ȻҪΣһƬ
ϣĹչķǳڴץʮ쵼ɲȫ˫棬һ쵼ɲΪͷй߶ְȫصĸɲͲõˡɴ˿ɼͷ˶ԴصΣжҶƽ֪ҲǷǳҪ鵽ʲô鴦ס
Ҷƽݿչķܹȷǳ󣬿˵ǰδУǰڹ˼ֹϵ޷ʩչֽţھѶ־ǲôй˼ˣһߵķ˼ȡһصĸԭʱӦôھͺݺݵһ
ҶƽɱܹԱ飬ܿýע⣬ý忪ʼеķ籩Ҷƽһǵĳƺţе
Ҷƽ˵֮󣬲ݸһЦʵЩûʲôǸʵ°ˣҪԼĹҪһܸ»µĹΧҶΪô´ҵ
ǲô룬ȴýע⣬ҴôʶǼһ棬ԭʱǻ˼ܶ飬ⷽȽȣȫſֽţֻҪиΪͽд
ҶƽҲΪӮ˾޴ίԺ˶ǷǳηĹЧʾǸ߶ˡ
Ȼһ棬չһ棬ҶƽһǰЭ⣬ҲǸ߶ӣۣھһҼơ
һ쵼ҶƽΣҶƽίǣͬʱҲιίΣȨһ
ίĸǺ͹ίĳгάеΣάΪгαȽڿչȻ˵ʡһشչսԣҪʵʩ
Ҷƽȵίǣͬʱּ¹ĵίǺ͹ίΣȻǷǳæûϢʱ䣬ȴǾиɾм飬ΪõĻôԹʡľһǳĴٽ


1220 Ϫ
ҶƽȥݴƵԷ߸һƯŮŮʮֵ壬ϴһĸȥʮʣƵ꾭ź̿󣬸ӹعӭӡ
Ů˶źһۣüͷһ壬û˵ʲôȴסҶƽĸ첲һ£һĻöź̲׽ȴǴ󲻽⣬֪λŮҶƽ֮Ĺϵ
ҶƽŮһ߽䣬ȻšҶƽŮ£ȻЦЦϪôпյң֪عˣæһֱûʱȥ㡣
λŮǷϪ˴ҶƽˡҶƽӵĵ绰Ժ󣬱һû뵽Թ
ڷϪҶƽûٹǱϾ֮ĹϵûйҲ˽Ӵ࣬ڼ֮Ȼǳˣȴ֪
ҶƽһۣϪЦһֱ㣬һֱҲûгУǲЩϲ
ҶƽЦЩϲڻعˣھǾס
ϪЦҵǲھסˣᵽ𣿡
ҶƽǺһЦطԸʲôЦطڹȥǲë֮أ˭ҪطǱ͢ˣôԸ⵽ط
Ϫݸ˵ô˵Ǳ˰û뵽˧ᱻŵ
ҶƽЦŵǾסһŮӵǲˣȥغɣǱҲ
ϪҶƽһ˵ƽǲģҲʲô鷳ģ
Ҷƽ֪Ϫ˼Ļƽѩ֪ˣͷ϶ڵλãڼͥǲܳκģ˼Ц⻰Ϫ˵ֻͨί˵
ûе£㵽ҿ϶ǷǳӭģҲҪΪ㿼ǰطʪأ岻áҶƽЦЦ˵
һ⻰ϪȴǾС˵ҿֲ˼ˣѩдŮΧתأǲǣղҶһˣ
û뵽Ϫô˵ҶƽЦô˵簡ɲˣæڹ˼£ղǸŮǾƵľһ͹ź˵üˣǲҲŲطԷԼһСԵĵطԷã
ϪȴǲŵңҿǶжӣϹŮӸǱŮӲһ㵽˵ǽ֮ˣ
Ҷƽһ⻰ֻҡҡͷˣϪһ˵˰ɣ˵ǣҲû㵽ָߵľƵȥԷ㻹ǵǵһһԷĵط𣿡
Ҷƽ̧ͷһ˵ǵһγԷ𣿡
ϪǰһȥСϳԷ˽ٷˣֱһǵһͬ죡
˵꣬Ϫǳֻ䵱ȥˣҶƽһЦǺǣţҲŰʱ㻹һûСأ
ϪȴǴһµ˭˵ûгģҵʱСȴǰԼɴ磬㵱ʱĺͣȻһžͽǸذ׸ߵˣô䡣
ҶƽǺЦ˵ȻǺ䰡ֻϧһûȥֵطԷˣһȥߵĹԱڰûʲô˽ǵСϳԷأ
ϪһȴǵƤ˵ôܣһȥѵǲɣ
Ҷƽһ룬˵˵ҲԣҲжɵģֻҲңŵҪˣҵúҵ齲һ£Ȼһȥô
ððϪȻ˵֣վҪҶƽȥ
Ҷƽһ룬־ƵԣʵҲûʲô˼ԵöЩθˣ絽СϳһɿڵСԣθڡ
Ҷƽһ˵ǺðɣǲˣһСȥԣɱ˵СԸ⻨ǮͰ
ϪЦﻨֲǮСϳԣǮҵĿͣ
ҶƽһϪԭһ˵Ҳʵ飬ݴƵίдƵ꣬ԷõǮ
뿪źһ㼱æ˹ҶǣôˣҪˡ
Ҷƽʱ£ˣԼɣùˡ
ҶƽϪҪżȥźȻеҲȨҶƽжֻÿҶƽͷϪһˡ
˳ţҶƽ˾棬Ҷƽһ£ȻίԺĵ绰˾֪ҶƽҪʲôҶƽĻҶƽķԸ뿪ˡ
뿪֮ҶƽΤ߲ȥһ绰Լе飬Ҫȥһ£ʲôһ£һСʱ֮ڲҪñ
Τ߲֪ʲô£ǴӦҶƽҪ󡣰Щ֮ҶƽŴŷϪ˾Ƶţźһֱˡ뵽źڱͷϪ߳Ƶôһξ룬Ŵһ⳵һʻȥ
ϪҶƽһеίǣȻԼ͵͵شһ⳵ܵһȥԷҲǸеЩЦ
һ·ϲǿҶƽЦҶƽӣҲǲ֪˵ʲôֻΣϪһӣǸӷЦˡ
⳵ֵҶƽͷϪ˶ںλϣ⳵˾ǰ濪ųӺӾ濴˿ˣһʼû˵ʲôǹһ˾ȴɨһ˵ǣ㳤һģ
Ҷƽһʣе֣ʵҳ˭
˾һ˵еίǰúͷأ
ҶƽһȻʧЦϪҲǾһ£ȥ˸ϳɣϳǲճء
ǺǣʦʶеίǰģҶƽЦһ£벻ԼȻ˸ϳˣԼڵ¶棬Щ⳵˾ҲǼʶ㣬пϳͷϪһԷôϳԲܳ¡
ôʶڵϼһλǣץ˲̰ϰն⳵˾һ߿ųһ˵
⳵˾⻰ҶƽЦ˵ǵôǴģΰġ
⳵˾˵ǰҵĺܣ֮󣬲鴦˲ٵ̰٣һץ˲ٵĺᣬݵΰҵģںöˣ̫ƽˣҪСһЩȻٵġɱ˵ģҵĺܣûԸ⵽Ͷʾ̣


1221 Ϻ
Ҷƽֻһ³⳵˾һ벻⳵˾Ȼ˵ô࣬Ϫ֮Ҳ̿ЦǵҶƽҶƽˡ
˶Ц⳵˾˵ǲҪŰ˵ĿʵԭʱҵĺܣǶҳĳʲô£ںöˣǿԷĵϳˡ
Ҷƽһ˵⻰ǸеǷĵģ˶ԼЩ⳵˾϶ϣһȫĻϳٵĴܵģǾûˡ
һ뵽ˣҶƽǸеΰ㲻ãֱӰ쵽ÿһȺڣ鴦ܣȻֱӰ쵽ÿһȺڣȴֱӰ쵽ÿһȺڵĹ۸Уˣҵĸܿ϶ģЩҲ᲻Ҷĺô
еҶƽͷϪΪ˵Ǽٻ⳵˾ֲһǲͶʵģİɣͶʿ϶ǰȫģǲţȴһ£˵Ǽٻҵĳ⳵ұ׼ҪǮ
ҶƽͷϪЦ˵εģͶʵġ
⳵˾һ˵εģǺðڸν裬ٹ֮ͺˣüĿˣܽɣĻҲǿԵģŲٵľģε㽨һ顣
ôǺˣҶƽЦһʵе⳵˾Ҳ˼ԼûȻ˵ôࡣ
⳵˾ε㽨ˣοͶˣǵͺˣǵǱǰó˲١
Ҷƽһԭ˼⳵˾˵òҵԴҵķչ˶ˣȻ⳵ľͶˣǳ⳵˾˵һõ顣
Щ黹źԶӰģν䣬֪֮Լ鵽׶ϰû
ų⳵˵ľǵһҶƽͷϪ˳³֮˴򳵷ѣžûó⳵˾Ǯ⳵˾һȴǼͬ⣬ǮҸ˵ܸ˶ǶپǶ٣ռ˵ıˡ
һô棬ҶƽЩЦˣλ⳵˾άݵһ˲õ顣
Ҷƽпһ£ͷϪ߱߿Ž־Ȼ׼һطԵСԡҹľ󣬷Ϫпص벻ôסˡ
ҶƽЦֻϵһָܣס죬еĻͲô˵ˡ
ϪЦô˵Ѿе˰ҿĲʲôοһܶģĵطһõطˡ
Ҷƽ۾ɲҪ嶯Ҫ侲һ˵ɣطǱȽԶûоǰ㷱Ҫʱ˾ͻΪ帾ˣ
ϪǺǵЦ帾ʲôõģ帾Ȼ֪һգһ룬һ帾أ
ҶƽסЦϪڱԽԽĬˣҿԸһȥǱȥɣǱߵľɫãһû߳ɽĴ帾
ϪһͷҶƽһ˵ȥģҪҲȥôԶίԺԱ߰ӪկвУ
ҶƽǺЦίԺԱֵ߳ģʲôõģɣסϼ죬֮ߵĻ˵⻰
ϪһŤͷ˵ˣ˵˵ȥʵǵĻҶƽûҶƽôطҲסˡ
ǰţһСԵĵطһҴŵ˱һطΧӣҶƽЦʵôӦɣֵطԷ֡
ϪЦֺðҾϲ֣ڴƵ棬ֻû˼ôˣҳԵҲ⣬ˬģ
ҶƽЦҲָоþûеֵطһطķΧ߿ԸṩһЩʩС
Ϫ˵ûǱ쳵ʲôУǴʵһҲҪһеģȻһ㴴ҲûУù𣿡
ҶƽǺЦ˼ˣȻʷϪơƲ
ϪһɣȲǸ£㿴˶ȵġ
ҶƽҪƿơƣȻϪϣͬһ߳Աģ˸֪ǵίǡϪŬظַΧǰҶƽһʱ⣬һƿơƾȥˡ
ҶƽҪҪȵʱͻȻԶһֵҶƽͷϪ˲վԶȥղŸո⳵˾˵ߵΰܺõĻô˳ˡ
ҶƽȥһϪҲǸе棬Ǹ˹ȥ֪֮ǳˡ
ҶƽмƷģŹһ峵峵װϣһϱЩӸұˣȻһ͵һִţһ˳ƣǸĳơ
ΧΧ۵Ⱥڶ۷׷ףȻֱ˵ǼӵĲԣǰȴǷŻǲӦ˼ҵϡ
ϪǶҶƽʲô˰Ҫ˼ҵĶ𣿡
˿Ҷƽеϵ˿ǳǹܵˣȻǲᴩƷҳϺǷ̯ϣȻǹܵ˹ǰѳϵϸˡ
˷ϪĻҶƽǹȥһֹһ£Ĵ˼ҵĳϳɺͳ
ϪҲ˵ùץǣ̫ˣ˶ˣô˼ҵĳ۸ˡ
ҶƽͷϪ˱˹ȥ߹ȥ֮󣬱㿴ѾǸ˳Ӹ˹ȥȻˣ˱ǵ
ǻҳϵϣҶƽ߹ȥ˵ס֣Ҫˣ
һ˳ֹ˵ĿǳҶƽϵĿȥǼϵ˿ͣס֣ͬʱϪԱóֻ֤ݡ
ǹܵһҶƽֹͣס֮󣬱и߹˵ǸʲôģҪִ
Ҷƽһ۵ǵ쵼û̹ôִ
ҶƽȻһ˵Ǹ˱ʱʵ˭Ǹʲôģôִʲô£
ҶƽҪ˵ʱǸͻȻϪգ˵ڸʲô׼գɾˣ
ǸתҶƽŷϪȥˣ·Ϫĵʲôæк˰ѷϪΧ
Ϫһˣ벻ȺôȻҰΧȥҪֻ
ʱҶƽһҲǸеãЩ˲ѷϪֻ˾Ͳˣ


1222 ִ
Щ˰ҶƽˣתϪֻΪϪǶգҶƽһã㲻ĻѷϪˡ
ס֡ͻȻһϵǼǹתͷҶƽȥղҶƽ˵ʱֻͨͬǸղֱ˵ӱҶƽ˫Ŀ⣬ûҶƽȴԷϪ
ǸҶҵֻԣϪȻҲǲʾɵĸ߹ʣһеģ˵ĻҲźܴ
ҶƽݣΪôȺֳô֪ίǣ˵ô룬ҿ϶ЦǴˮһ˲ʶһˡ
ˣֻҪֹסǾˣҪЩǹô⼸ǹתͷ˿Ҷƽһ£Ȼ˵ڴִǲֱֶʵǲԵģΧ۵Ⱥô࣬Ҷƽ˵ĻôȣǸеˡ
ⲻǵ£ֻƬɾˣǵĹ涨ͷĳǹԵ˵
˵Ҷƽǵ涨ȺǣǵȨֻҪִʲôú𣿡
Ҷƽһ˵мһǹĵ˴ͷǹһ£ͷǹܼæߵԱߣ˰ȻЩЩᣬҲд֮ˣղǹҶƽ˵Ⱥڶ֣һһ㶫һǲ˵Ⱥڶֵģʲô쵼ɲղԼԼеҶƽһˣһ϶ҶƽͨȺڣܿ쵼ɲ
˭ͷǹ˵һ䡣
ǹһ£ͻȻ˵ӣ˵ǣ
ǣͷǹüͷһ£š
ǹ˵ܸоЩ죬һ룬㲻оǸʲôҶ𣿸ú񡣡
Ҷǣ˵ʲô˼ҶǲίǣһʡίίֵطҾܿһߣҲô˵ģǸŮҲǼߣü߸ˣҪ鷳ˣͷǹͻȻ뷨е˽ţҶƽͷϪǼǾ鷳ˡ
ͷǹôһ˵ǹܱǸоҲпԼˣǼʹǼҲü߸ǳԲ˶ߡ
˵ô죿ͷǹҲЩͷˣǹܡ
ץɣҰйȥǽЭ̣ҪǮǮǰƽȥץֳ㱨һ£˵ˣûǮƽǹܳһ⡣
ͷǹһ룬˵߾ֳֳ϶ǣҪǲôǳǹҲ˼һˣһҲνǾ͵ûǣǸͷ˽ѵԺ󲻸ˡ
ӣҪģ߾ֱֳӳɣʲô߲ߣզզġǹܵ˵ͷͬ˴ͷǹܵ
죬߻һļǹܱǷ˷ϪתȥһȥֳȺ˾ǹܱˡ
ˣҶƽȥͷͷǴһûˣܲеġҶƽһԷϪûǮ
Ϫ
Ҷƽͷ㡣
ϪЦӰͷóһǮҶƽӹݸǸ˵˼ңһǧǮţؼҰɡ
ҶƽһǧǮȻһʱסˣ´Ҷƽ治ţĺ˰˳ǹܣһǮǴġ
ûнǮҶƽǮ˵˼ңǮŰɣ첻ˣؼҰɣûʲô˰ɣ
ûˡһ䣬ۿˮǸղĵˮǸжˮ
ûˣҶƽǮ֮󣬱ؼңϵϻһЩûõģ˽ӹǮ֮󣬱Ҫѳϵûһ͸Ҷƽ
ҶƽЦЦЩҲؼҰɣؼûأԱһЩͿԺܿ꣬Ȼؼҿɲԣ
һãֳ˵ģһɨղóǹܸľɥ飬ͻȻһ룬˵ҵĳӻˡ
Ҫóˣ۸ɣĿ졣Ҷƽ
ҶƽĽ͸ж£ΧȺڷ׷׳Ǯ˵ϣһûбһϱȫˡ
ٿǮϸţΧ۵ȺҲΪҶƽΪȲʡκҶƽץؼңü˵ġ˿Ҷƽ֪˵ʲôˣһ˵źģģȻ˵Ŀ뿪ֳ
ˣҶƽһΧȺҲ顣ۣҶƽ˿ǣҲû˵ʲôҵȻƾ٣ʱȴǳصģǳǹܵıִĻ
صһ룬ҶƽǺͷϪҲ뿪ֳطˣȻûͷϪһȥԷ
ǰһ˲һطһ㷹ϪһºЦŶԷϪ˵ǣʱ˿̣θ밡
Ҷƽ̾һЩӣֽ춼һЩйسǹܵţûһõģ벻һǵĳҪҪһĻǵЩͬ־ЩˣִһЩݣһЩģҲͲˡ
ϪЦʵЩǹܣô˻ִ˵ҲͦģǸô˳ƺһЩ˵ıܣǵһλģ˲ϣû棬ǸطϣƺռӪӰ˳ȷһìܡ
Ҷƽôһ˵ҲǺǺǵЦʲôʱѧˣ˵ȷʵڡ⵹Ҫúоĵط
ϪЦֻижǲʲô뷨ҾðеһγɣҪҪóб򣬻ҪôҪȻӲǲȡֶζžǵĳ·ǲȡġ
Ҷƽͷ費˶£˼·ִҲǹܵʲйأûǸʣȻִǱǳһ֣˵ȥһۡ
ϪЦ˵Ļǲò˸άеô˵˸еЩìܣȷʵҪоһˡ
ĻҶƽЦһЦû˵ʲô鲻һʱ˵ģ׵ĻͲôˣͷ˵ɣͺй쵼оһ顣


1223 ת
ҶƽͷϪ극֮󣬱ǻݴƵ꣬ϪҪסޡź̿ǻæֳӴȻ֪ϪҶƽ֮ʲôϵǿܵĴһ𣬲ϵ϶һ㡣
Ҷƽٺ÷Ϫ֮󣬱ǻصίԺȻϪЩᣬִƵ棬ҶܿҶƽµġ
ڶһ磬Ҷƽ˰칫ϰ࣬Τ߲ͺ˴绰ǵԼİ칫һˡӵ绰ͺ˱Ҷƽİ칫ҡ
֮԰˽й˵һ˵Ϸ飬һôì⣬ȻҪҲҪЩ氡
ͺ󣬲֪Ҷƽʲô飬Ҷƽ칫֮󣬱ǿҶƽҶƽһȻ˵˽й̸һ̸й⣬ڼǿ˳й滮ڳйȴûٹһ׵װ취ҿڲˣǹоһ顣
Ҷƽһ˵ͺ˾Щͷԣ֪ҶƽΪʲôͻȻᵽ飿ȷҶǣйȷʵǲӣֽһЩйسǹԱĸţڳǹܳ˹ֵ˼˴ˣʵûгйп϶Ƿǳҵġ
ĻҶƽ˵ͷ˵˵飬ҵϽһطԷǹܴ˵ˣһϺһϣóǹܵ˸ˣҳֹ黹ãûбԼݣǼǹܸһӣûֹϺˣһϣһ˱õĳӣ
Ҷƽһ£ͺͷǿһ£һû뵽Ȼ£ֲҶƽǽ˹ЩǹҲ̫ˣȻҶƽǰˣҪˣ
Ҷǣʱô绰ǣȺ쵰ģ飬ǿǵΰЩٵ˵
ҶƽЦһµǲҪģҰǽҪ飬ǵʱҲҶôϺȷʵΥռӪˣǼǹܹȥֹģǰãְ˼ҳӸãЩˣҪִǲִִֶ̫򵥴ֱȥôУϸִй涨ռӪֽˣһìܣҪоǽй˼
Ҷƽ˵ͺ˲ô£廰ǰȷʵìܣҪóУȷʵҪȡһЩǿӲĴʩһȡǿӲĴʩֻᵼ³ǹ̯֮ìܼҶ⣬ȷʵֵȥо
Ҷƽ˺Ļ֮Ҳǵ˵ͷ˵ǰѳнˣȷʵҪҪһ룬ǹóеĿʲôΪϰһõֻŰѳйܵƯƯȻչʾ˿ģ˵ԼԴģҾĳйʧȥ壬ҿҪıǵֻתǲܽìܡйǲܽһֹǻһǶ˼йɳзвУ˵ҪΪṩһõķһת䣬ҿǳйҲҪⷽĸı䣬й֣Ӧй֣Ӧгзֲǣ˵һ˵ûе
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ͺͷҶƽһܺõ룬ǹЩйֱɳз֣תǹܵǲǿԽìܣ
һ˵Ҷǣҿ뷨УеץסҪìܣǵ˼룬ѳйɳзôǹеʽ϶ҪŸı䣬ȻҲűΪ裬еʱһǾöʡ£Աǹ򵥴ֱһЩìܵķҪҪóзС̯СǣҪȥṩ񣬶ôֹǣֻҪǹĵλʱһкת
һҲͬҶǺ˵ûǵǰؼĻǵִûʱֻҪתһЩӭж⣬⣬ǳǹܵʲҲһ⣬ڵĳǹܴʱԱĻβߣУȷʵЩӦķչҪҲбҪһЩһĻεĴѧǳйͷĲκˮƽ
˿ҶƽͷʾϿɣ˵˻ȥԺһ´£оеĻǽйĸķύȫתйǲҪóбøƯͬʱҲҪڳеײȺһȨǲҪóƯҲҪбܰΪе쵼һҪ黳Ȼ˵ЩС̯СҲôطǴС̯СΪǵ棬ֻҪϸһЩһЩͿ˵ǣͬʱҲҪṩҪķһֶΡϵǸˣôˣ˶ķҲҪȡֶΣıģһϾϵĹȣЩǹ̫ˡ
ҶƽĻͺţȥԺһҪݺһǼǹܣȻҶƽڲûǣʾûʲôǲȥǼǹܵĻһҶƽһʵˣôش
Ҷƽͺ̸˰ĻͺӦȥԺоһ³йĸ飬ȡóһķȻύίίо
뿪Ҷƽİ칫֮ͺ·Ͼо⣬оδǼǹܣҶƽ飬ҲǸеЩ⣬֪ҶƽΪʲôϻᵽǱȥҶƽһϲ΢˽õ쵼ڴصʱӣҪעⷽ飬һҪע⵽ֵܳһЩ⡣
ǣǲҪ뷨ҵˣһЩ⳥ȻȻǼǹܣǸû⳥ʧĻҶ֪ˣܻ᲻ˣ˵ǲǣһ
һеҲǣͬͷ԰һ£ǼǹҵǸˣҪ⳥һҪеǸҪȫͨžٴηڽĸҪֹסֱֲִʽȻת飬ҪһҪˣҶһ
˵꣬ͷй飬нˣҪȥʵá


1224 뿪
Ϫݴ˼뿪ˣǲϰߵҪԭǿҶƽææȥҲûʱеʧ䣬ֻ뿪ݻؾˡ
ͺ˻ȥԺ󣬱ǰѳǹֵܾľֳйݺһ٣Ȼǰ˸ҵǸ⳥ʧŪóǹֳܾ֪ʲô
ȵȥ֮ͬǰǼǹܽйһ̰ͨҵҪԼһˣ¸á
ǹܸеƣ֪⣬ֽҲûб˼ϵ£ûýļලǸҪ⳥ǫȻЩƣǱ÷æȥˣԴ֮ҲûٳϣĶȥ
⼸ǹֻõȡأȻͨزҵ˵סַ˼ŵʱ򣬰˸һڲˣôҵˣԼг
⼸ǹЦʱ˸˰Ūףԭ˵ģǹǸģ˸еĪ
ô֮˲Ÿǹܾ֣ǹֳܾʽǹܾǸȻóһǧǮ˵һӸжˣôģǺ˶ˣָԼǮ
ôһǹֳܾȻͺ档ʱͺ㿪ʼоתй顣
о֮ͺ˱ίίύҶƽٿгίо⣬ͬз֣ԭйֵıƣѷǰͷıԭԹΪ״
Ҷıеǳֽϵеִ֮ҶƽԴˣûиеʲôģһִıֶѡ
ҶƽмӴ˾ùȣսԵõһֵʵʩһɫսԴٽȫеĻļǿͬʱβҵʼӿ췢չʹеҵΪȫһƷơ
һݱؽˣʩģؿչڿչʩͬʱһЩ̿ʼͶʣͶʹģҲʮֵĴҶƽÿæЩ̸̽Уźø顣
ݵѸٷչҶƽеﵽ壬ڷչõͬʱûץ÷ܹϣ½ְ˺ü󰸣鴦˼ĸɲһĺ䶯Ҷƽܶ˵עĿ
ӮһƬʱҲ˵·ƣԹԱ̫ϸˣЩרУЩżᴫĶ档
Ҷƽֻ֮Ǹ֮һЦԹԱϸѵҪȺϸ񲻳ɣЩ˾ڴǵȺ˵վʷȺڵĽǶ˵
Ҷƽݹ֮꣬еĽһĸĹۣ쵼˶Ӳ죬ҶƽͳԼ˽нӴ쵼˻㱨ݷչľ顣
£ҶƽҪٽһθҪ쵼ְ񣬵Ҷƽʱʮ꣬ʡ쵼ɲʵ̫ᣬҪĻʡίǣҲпֱʡһְ
Ҷƽ浹ûЩ뷨ҪҪԼĹܵʲôλãնȨû̫뷨ȫİˡ
ʱͻȻһϢʡίίίǰƽţʡίȱְ
εİʡίһְȻ뵽ҶƽҶƽμίһְʮʺϵģΪʲôҶƽְ񣬾ǲö֪ˡ
쵼֪ͨȥ̸мί쵼Գ̸Ҷƽһ̸̸ʲô˭Ҳ֪ҶƽĽ
ʡľҪȹʡˣĵطִȻҪȹʡҪǿμίһְȴ˵ôãΪίҪǸ𵳼Ͷģ׵ˣҹҲÿչȻ֮ǰιļίǣʡί˵ǾͲһ㼶ˡ
쵼ְֻнȡѹá쵼̸껰ֻ֮صУҪһ̡صֻ֮гʹ֪ҪߵϢ
ǰûеߵʱ򣬴ҶߣҪߵʱûм֪ˡ
ߵĹȻûɣĽ費һ͵飬ҪһУѡĹ̾ɳˣ϶ϣһϵȽ׽˳ίǡ
ҶƽʱĵǸԼƴɵļ;⣬ó񽫰игƿθίǣάпܵĻʡһְȫźˡ
Ȼ˽ǽйԼҪߵϢҵһҪһ뿪ҶƽȴǸǣԼȥεǼίǣǹȥûʲôã﹤ţʱ˵ɡ
һȻǸеȽʧ䣬ѾϰҶƽֵ¹ȴǲò뿪ҶƽǵǱȽʧġ
ȽĵΤ߲Ҷƽ飬ǷǳģҶƽһߣܸҶƽ뿪ô죿
Τ߲ྩѧĸ߲ٳ٣Ҷƽһ룬ȷʵǲʣǵԼģڳί鳤Ҳǽ߸ˣٵʲôˣΤ߲ģʲôۣǱһ飬еĻֻ߰ɡ
ʵҶƽһרάԼ˵ˣֻŴһЩ˲ţȵҪʱãΪû˲ţʹԼٴĹ٣ûп֮ˣҲʲôɼ
˲ŵھʵ̫ҪˣлĻһ˲ţ˴ȥʡίǱ֮󣬲֪˲ŵôʵڲУҪȥ˲ţ˲ŵġ
쵼̸껰һºҶƽȻ뿪Уûоʲôʽ·ߣһ˷Уǰǣʡίΰͬ־ӭҶƽĵ
ΰǵʮϣҲһʡίǣȥʡʱ䲻˴μίһְĵ䣬Ҳû뵽ҶƽΣ쵼ˣӭӣҶƽһֱĸо
鲿һмίһίǣͬҶƽʡְǱȽϸߵˣϾҶƽֻһʡίίʡҪ쵼ʹҪ쵼Ҳ鲿ȥѡ
鲿мίǹͬͬȥȻ˶ҶƽΰʡίǵӣΰҲһ·ͬţһӾǷ


1225 
ʡ밲ʡţҶƽϼҵǲԶӰʡʡеʡвٶ๫·̣ϼҵĻǱȽϷˡ
ʡñȽϷ뽭ʡ࣬ǿڰʡҶƽڴ֮ǰ벻ģ˴͵һǵһǳİ
鲿ĸмίĸһҶƽ֮еһǼƵ棬ʡίΰǺʡ߼ҲԼʡί֯һϵ롣
ʡ߼ҲɱΰʡʱҪһЩҲ˶٣űΰ꣬ǰʡίǺǿ䵽ܣȫ˴ְΰǴӹλϵߵʡίǣ֮ǰΰǲûڵطϹľ飬ֻڶǰҹְӹȻһã;ǳá
ʡ߼ҲһֱڵطְǴӰʡίǵλϵߵʡģҶƽ֮ǰʶΪҶƽڰʡʱ򣬸߼Ҳɲڰʡְȵ߼Ҳɵʡʡί֯ԼʡίǵʱҶƽѾ뿪˰ʡ
ҶƽϼǰĹϵ߼ҲһҶƽ֮Ĺϵʱ࣬ΰҶƽ֮ûʲô֮ҲǲʶΰһֱھȦתҶƽǷǳ֪ģԵ֪ҶƽҪμίʱԵȥҶƽģҶƽҲźøС
λʡҪ쵼ͬ־ȥʱ䶼ȻҪһȻҪϺ˵Ĺͬ۹ãʵְĴչ
Ϊίǣ˵ȨʮִģΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˲ܲӣҶƽϣȻǷǳ˵ģǰԭʡίǰƽźΰʵҲŴӱһίǣмίˣμίǱҪѡΡ
ҪʡݣʮĹΰǺ͸߼Ҳɶһְܸ֮Ҷƽ䵽ɴ˵Ҷƽ԰ӡ
ʡί֯ǰˣԭνίǡʡոתΰʡί֯ΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˸ո԰ʡ˽⣬Ҫһ֪֯ǡ
ʡίǷûйμӽ磬ȥ뵳Уѧϰȥˣոմʡί֯λΪʡίǣǽİࡣ
ΰǺ͸߼Ҳ̸Цк鲿мίһУ˹ΪҶƽУȵһ磬ʡίԺٿʡ쵼ɲ飬һ¶Ҷƽ֮˾ͻȥˡ
ҶƽסڴƵ棬ڴϣƺȵò࣬ҲЩ⣬ȻźȻ˯ȥȴôҲ˯ţΪڿŵ顣
ȻȥֻһͨĹȴŲٵطٱλʶȽǿܰƵڰһַḻĿԴϰر࣬ϽŸܶע⣬ʹܲá
ҽҪת䷢չʽʵпѧչһЩܺĵĲҵǰƺûаҪΪǾάԭʽǷչ¸һҪֶΣΪʲôҪת䷢չʽ
ԭʡίǺǿΪԭ뿪ưҪάԭķչģʽУΰǺ͸߼Ҳɹ֮׼תַչķʽԴģȴЩʡĵطԱǣȻڹȥĻԻ͵УŻִַͨʽķչʵGDP
Ȼ˵ҲҪת侭÷չʽʵ˵Ķ٣һЩϰһһͣάеķչģʽ°ʡľתͳٳ޷ʵ֡
£֮٣ǿڹʵɫսԣΪԼ᳹һΪʲôһе٣гίǣôŸˡȱ٣ȱƶչ١ץܹźܴȣڵҪ䵱ãȷʡίʡľ߲ܵõʵ֡
ؾʱƽԶҲ̸˻ƽԶʡְûʲôرֻһаҪֻҪסһͻʤ
ҶƽȻͬĸһ㺬壬ȴԼ˼ģһҪ֤ʡίʡľ߲õֵʵսʡίʡľߣôѽնǡ
ԭһԭô֮󣬽ʧȥķ򣬱ɴҵˣΪʡί쵼һҪдֹۣܰպ÷ϵĳɼ
ҶƽھƵ﷭ȥ˼⣬ⷽ͸ȻܽʡίλӣΰǺ͸߼ҲϺá
˵ڶ磬мίǺ֯ʡίԺټĸʡϵְɲڻšʡίίʡ˴Эθεȴʮҡ
ЩҲ죬μίǵĵǲûʲôرĸоֻǾеСôټô˹һͨʡίί
ǵ鲿мί߽ʱȴΣһСɫһܹñӵģһߣñӵģһҲҵ
λԱĵ᳡ϵǳĺã鲿ҶƽãҶƽΪʡίίԱίίǣȥʡίίԱίһְ
鲿֮мίִ˽ʾ˴ΰʡίҪ쵼ͬ־ĵӰʡĹֳһεԴ˸߶ӣϣʡĹΰͬ־Ϊ೤ʡίΧŬĲҪ󣬼ֿѧչƶȫʡһ̨ס
мίǽ֮ΰǴʡί˽ȶҶƽĵʾӭ֧ʡίչҪȫʡ쵼ɲҪŽʡίΧʡίҪѹá
λҪ쵼껰֮Ҷƽ󷢱ʱ￴һԻΪʲôһίλ鲿мίλ
ǲΪʲôȻˣͻԼȨأ͹ԳʡίȨǺܶ˲Ը⿴ģʡίȨ󣬶ĳЩ˵һ£Ҷƽһλץίǳ쵼ĻǻӶĳЩ˲ˡ
Ҷƽһֱ飬ȵֵʱ飬ʼ


1226 
ҶƽȫʡôɲȻ֪Ļ˵̫࣬ΪʡίҪ쵼ֻһίǣȻڳƱȽϴ󣬵֪ķִ磬ǽ˼ĻԼʾҪŽΰΪǵʡίΧûзӣʮӾˡ
Ҷƽһ꣬ͽˣѴټ޷ǾôʶһҶƽԺĹʶ˾Ϳˣ֮ҶƽεʡίΣΰˡ
һΰǵ˾ͺҶƽһ鲿мί͵һмɻɻؾǡ
ڿλ֮Ҷƽΰһ٣Ҫһ£ʰһǱߵĶίһְʵѾȥˣڻصͲίˣµίһְûѡʱȥֻʰ
֮󣬷̹ʰάе˵֪ҲǹˣǶҶƽˣʱҶƽҪߣϹҶƽ
ʱίԺ浹һʱĵģʵϴҶ֪ҶƽѾˣǵίˡҶƽǿƵίǣҵʵǱȽϸӵģͬҶƽģһǣͬΪҪ̫ϸˣôƣˡ
ҶƽԴҲ֪ģɲˣȺڵҪ϶ǵò㣬ȺڵҪˣɲҪܻøɲʶȺڵҪǵһλǵҪ󲻹ǵڶλĶҲͻ⵽Լˡ
ܸɲȺڵҪǵһλģίԺĸɲȷʵǱȽ࣬ǵĹʵˣȻŴɲġ
ҶƽԼļʰŶص쵼æ˲ᣬ֪ίɲۼ˹ϾҶƽ˽꣬ǹҲҶƽȻ˵ҶƽҪϸ񣬵ҶƽдӳģҶƽҪˣǶٻһЩˡ
ԼļԺҶƽһͷһЩͨĸɲ߹ʱһܿ¶΢Ц˵һҺáЩ˱һһ߹Ҷƽ֡
ԺǶöɲҶƽҶƽû뵽ô˹˵ʵڵģչʰʱ򣬿ֻһЩι˹æɲȴû˹ͷʵǱȽʧġ
֪ԼҪȽϸһЩɲͷ϶ԹԣڿôȻҲǸеﰲοˡֻҪһдӹǶȳԸ˺öлߣҶ֪ҶƽΪ˹£ǳ˽飬վġ
Ҷƽ֮󣬾ôһȥˣӰ쵽ô˹Ǿûа취ʰҪô֡
ڴʰͬʱҶƽӵ˳ĵ绰Ҳ֪ˣʡίȥһˣȻ֮ǰҲ͹ˣûʰڻһҪһ档
ϣʹ˱ٴҶƽһξһ£Ҷƽ˰ѶʡҪһϼҡ
Ҷƽйڼ䣬һҲǻһϼңǴҴҴߣڳյٻһҡ
һؼҵΤ߲ҶƽҪΤ߲ߣǸǿﵣι滮ֳˣܰ˶ٴʡȥǲܵġ
Τ߲ڴȥҪԼ飬ôԼһ˵ɻֱУҲлˣûȥ֮ǰ͸ίǴ޺÷ȥ˵绰
޺÷гڵˣΪҶƽϼҵˣûҶƽͨ绰һ˵ҶƽҪȵƣ̰źӭҶƽ׼
Ҷƽһ·ɻΪ޺÷ɸԱˣһȴǷִ޺÷Ц֡޺÷ƵͷϵĹ񣬹ӭҲһ֡
޺÷֮Ҷƽ֣ȻһפȥеıݣϢһ£Ҫĸ⣬ҪһߵѣȻýϢҶƽףӴ˳λ쵼ϵһˣ̸˵ĲˣǶôˣҶƽһԸǣҲһݰ
Ҷƽڱ˼棬˿˿Ҷƽ˵ϸشҶƽ˵ҶƽˡôûҶƽڿ϶Ҫ仯˵ˣܲ
޺÷ԱͬҲЦףӴҶƽһ˵ƽշתˣǳӰ
ҶƽЦһз֯ţףǣҿС飬öණҵġ
ףӴЦСڳɳΪ쵼ˣǧҪ˵ҵˣ˻Цҵģ
ҶƽǺЦôЦ㣬ʵҽͷ
˳ԱЦŲ廰ף˵˵һλ쵼
÷˸Цһʱ֮ڣףӴʵͷǷǳ˵ģΪҶƽϸλһֱûǶһأͷȻ㣬Ҷƽǰǿһ°ˡ
һһٷڼְʶ˹ڻλϣһҶƽǿЦȻְûҶƽߣǵͬţһŮͬ־ȻҶƽЦ
ҶƽȻҲǺɣһ𣬲Ҫȥ̫ĶȻɳ죬ҶƽǱߵĹȻ˴εǱߵ
ҶƽһһǽˣǱţ˴δݵҲǸеЩ⣬ΪһʡίתμίǵıȽ٣һҶƽȴתμίˣ˵˸е֡
ˣҲ˵ʲôֻˡ˷ұɢȥҶƽһһֵһ̫ݵ£ֻܵˡ
ǵҶƽһҪҪǾȥһ߿Ȼ˵Ѿܳʱ䲻ϵˣǵ֪һֱûٻ飬ͷЩΣһ룬Ǹ߿ȥ˵绰һ档
߿ͻȻӵҶƽĵ绰еܳϣûзӦȵӦʱſڵһˣ
Ҷƽ㣬ûпգ
߿ĬȻһ£˵
ҶƽϣٴƵ꣬Ҫȥɡ
߿㲻ֻҰɣ
ҶƽĬأ
߿ȥѧˣϰɣ㲻ȥô
߿Ҳ֪Ҷƽߵ£ƽʱҲעҶƽأһʣҶƽȥΣ˳


1227 İ
Ҷƽ߿ԼһҷǳĿȹ棬ĬԱߣһԵ֪ǰпܶһӰ졣
֮ǰĬȻҶƽһعϼңѾû˼䣬ҶеʱᵽҶ͹򸾲ûлټ
ŸĬﲻԼԵ÷ǳƧҶƽͷǸеһʹͬԼĶӣҶھѧϰǳ㣬ȻǴΰܵһ㾪ţǻûʲôӰ죬ѧУҲһǳԾĺӣƽѩ֮Ҷȥѧͬ⣬ôСĺӾҪȥѧںӵĳɳ
ƽѩƺҪô˵ںӵѧϰںö˶ͺȥѧʶһۣҶƽֻʲô¶ǹĺãȻϹĽҪȻĵĽãôСȥѧϰЩ̫ˣЩ᲻ãҾδػﵽﵽҪ
ҶΣĬС棬ܵĽ϶ǲһ֪ѧϰôǿȥûҶδϻۺͻԾ˵ļʶҲ϶ǲһģǼͥͻӰ졣Ҷγھǵ۶Ҷ᯺ƽѩ˵ĺǻܵĽ϶ǸĬ޷ȵġ
Ȼ߿ļͥҲǷǳõˣĬļͥܵĽ޵ģ޷߿ļͥȣɴ˶Ľ࣬˸е˼
ײĹֹ̻̻һγɣ˺ǺѣʵƽĹƽڹȥû˵ע⣬ȴֵ˵ˡ
Ҷƽһ飬ܿеԼЩԼǺ˼棬ô뵽ϵ飬ѵԼְҵַ𣿿ϲεĽǶȥ˵һְҵϰߡ
ĬѧϰôҶƽһ۸ĬȻ΢Ц߿
߿ҲЦһµе㲻ѧϰҲǳˣѧϰɼռеȡ
Ҷƽһ˵ܲȥѧǱߵĽһЩ
Ҷƽһۣ߿ҵľ֧ô뿪ңҪһչ˺ġ
߿˵Ҷƽֻø̾һһ˴װ
߿ƽصϰˣʵҲһΪνĹ뺢Ӵһʱж٣ٺܷ⣬ʵĿദֻԼ֪
Ҷƽ֪ԼһЩԹԣͬʱҲʵ飬Լæ£ʱȥܺӣʱȥּͥĿ֣ھͺñһֹĹƬ̵Ͼпܻɧš
˵Ů˼޸Ǽ޸˹ûа취һһȥûͣסԼĽŲ
㲻Ը⹤Ļҿȥ֧㡣Ҷƽһ˵߿ڻڵֳȻææϾչ˺ӡҶƽȥרչ˸ĬǮһõ
Ǹ߿ȴ˵Ҳȥˣ⣬ΪĻһȥ֪ģ
߿һȻҶƽĻ֪ʱľûй߿϶͹¶ֻͨŬĹֹ¶
֪˼֮ҶƽҲ˵ʲôˣŽĬٴһ˵ģһ룬ǾòÿˣԼĸĸһĬýҶѸĬؼȥһ
ʲôʱȥΣ߿е޻˵Ҷƽһ䡣
ҶƽϼҿһˣϾȥΣԺʲô¶˵˵ȻǷˣΪѻǿԵģ˵ǰɣ
߿Цһµڶλˣô˼ٴ㣿İɣһ˹úܺã㵣ġ
˸߿⻰ҶƽҲֻܿЦˣԼ߿֮Ĺϵǲָܻ糣ģ֮Ůûʲô˵ˣԶһõѡ
߿Ҷƽ̻ϼң֪ͨ˽Ҷͽ£һ֪ҶƽˣȻǷǳˣæҪȥӭҶƽ
Ҷƽֱȥ˽壬˴źҲֱֻϡ·פصʱҶƽ͸ľһȥʱ⣬û³ȥһ´ͷǷУöò׻һ˼ңϣܾһ
Фͬѧû֪ͨص쵼ǣȻҲ֪Ҷƽһᳵӵػصϼҽ塣
үүҶѾʮˣȻȥǳ˥ϣǾȴǺܾ˶˼ҶƽȰݻүүүүһֿ˻ģؼҸʲô
ҶƽЦź˵˻ȻǶĵĻүүòЦȻүүϵҲˡ
үү˵껰ĸҶĸ׹㿴˵ĲˣæҶƽҶƽǣҲϸǣþûˣĸͷϵİ׷࣬еʱۣ̫ˡ
Ϊʲôûĸ׹ҶƽҶƽÿԼϱҲӣܲˡ
ĸӵӣҶƽҲЩһ룬ȷʵǶԲסĸеĻѸĸӵȥסһסɣײܵסҪڼչүүøĸȥסһסƽѩһ¡
ҶȻҶƽһʽµڻǸسµȻΪسˣҪٽΣǾǱȽѵ飬ڵθسҲͲˡ
ܣαܵ£ΰɣ湤ǧҪ˰Ȼʲô£ҺͰ費ǵˣҶǺҶƽ˵Ҷαܵ¡
Ҷƽ˽ҶĻɵ˵û£Ƿİɣû£ʡɲˣ˭ҶҲڼﵹҪСģҪ˷ʲôìܣǶҹ֧ˡ
֪ҶƽǼǹżҶæ˵㲻õļҺڼչ˺ðүүģ棬ǾҪչ˺ü
ԱҲ˵ܣ˵ǣǻչ˺üġ
ҶƽǰǷǳСĵӣȻ˵ҶƽСҶƽʡ쵼һؼɲûʲôɱԣҶƽǰǱȽСġ
һۣҶƽһ룬ýҲһϳɵˣȻһ㣬չ˼ﻹǱȽ׵ģҶҲһɿˡ
Ҷܷܷһֱھϰ࣬һ˽˻飬ǳǮҶƽ÷ûнӴ٣÷ҲǷǳСģҶƽǰ̫ˣһ룬õǹ˰ɣ


1228 
Ҷƽڼһ죬˵ȵ˲֪ڴͷ൱һĴڣ֪Ҷܾ棬ҶƽߺҶ͹ļ׽
һ£ҶƽŴ޺÷ŵĳ뿪УֱǰУಢ̫ԶǿԵˡ
֮ҶƽֱȥΰǣΰǼʡί鳤йҶƽһס޵ĵطҶƽ
ʡίԺżʮ¶Сʡί쵼˾һףְʱԢҶƽߣҲҪһסеʡί쵼ûаֻаƽǶǿյģֻܽⶰָҶƽ
ֻǰƽǲģҶƽԸⲻԸסȥһ鷳⣬ΰǵķԸ֮󣬱Щɵ˵ǣֻԭסǶûסҶǲסȥ
ΰһҲǸеԥҶƽһµģ˵ǣ鳤ô£ǲǰǼ˲ԸȥǾˣһסĵطͿˡ
ΰ֮ȴ˵˼ǶԭסģҽԺȥˣҶԸⲻԸסȥ
һӣҶƽЦЦ˵סʲôǹ˶ߣֻҪססȥǵģûʲôɻ䡣
Ҷƽ̬ȣΰǺ˾ǷģҶƽסȥǵģȻҪҷ䣬ʡίԺѾûкʵķ䣬ҶƽҪסĻֻܿˡ
Ҷƽס˰ƽķ䡣ڰƽ֮ǰʶסķ䣬Ҫ˽һ°ƽƽΪ֢ȥģʱʮ꣬˾Ӷߵ䡣ڰʡ꣬Ǵʡ뵽μίǵģû뵽Ს
ھǽְƽĹƽڼί꣬ȻʡίһĻ֣֪һʲô
Ѿʡί칫ԱɨϣҶƽס˽ȥΤ߲Ҳûסչ涨һĸɲ϶ûʸס߼ɲ쵼ģҶƽһ룬ƽѩǲΤ߲סڱ棬һ淽칫һҲǽΤ߲ס⡣
ҶƽոסĵûʽʡίȥΣÿţÿŵʡίĸɲҶƽԺ󣬱Աţ˵ʡίʮϣҶƽͬˡ
Ϊίڶļίǣȥǳᣬ˵Ҷƽʡίǣ֪ҶƽסԺ󣬱ǰݻˡ
Ҷƽ棬ʡίĸɲҲһ£ǰ˽ʡίһЩƶ
Ҷǣҹ㱨һ¹Ҷƽ֮ǫҶƽ˵
㱨ҶƽȻ˵ûʽʡίΣѾˣѾǼίˣԱ̧ͷһ˵ǣʲô¾˵ɡ
ҶƽԱߣҶƽ㱨Ҫ̸ʡίĹ⣬ʡίһЩҶƽ㱨һ顣
ЩҶƽţ˵һӴʡίĻᣬĿʲô˽
ҶǣʵʡίǳӡʡίʱʱڲƽһЩϵǵòȥҲһЩϵȻ顣
Ҷƽ֮ܲ죬ϲɫֻｲһˣҲһЩ飬߹Ѷȴ󣬰Ӳõ飬Ūð˲û취
̾Ҷƽһ䣺ǣҸ˽ʲô˵š
ҶƽֻŲ̬Ҳû̬˼ʡίŲٵ£˼ƽǱģЩ˰ɣƽһʡίΪϵ±
Ҷƽûб̬㲻˵ʲôˣҶƽһ뿪ҶƽסȥҶƽ˼˹˵Щûпչڲ˾˹˵ƽǰ£ѵƽʡί꣬Ĳ˳ģ
Ϊ𵳼Ͳ鴦ĲţһҲǿƲţΪǿƲŶ˵ŸǿƵĲŹǡܹܵʡίҲֻʡίˣʡίǰ쵼԰ƽʲôѹɣ
Ҷƽһ£еʡίȷʵǲԼոչԼ˵Щ飬ⲻڴԼĹСӵǺξġǰԼںԼ
ҶƽһʱͷǸĸоȲǷǵСˣǷ·ҲǴ£ĸɲ֮ĿĵģԼʡί֮ЩԼע⣬ҴĸоƽĹϵӦУһͨ׵Ļ˵Ӧǰƽˡ
Ϊƽˣڰƽˣϣҵһµ֧ǺȻ£Ȼƽˣȥ԰ƽ˾ͻðԣԼ֧֣ȻٵЩ
Ҷƽһ£оһ֣õȵԺ󣬰˽˵
ڶ죬ΰǴ鳤֯ҶƽһʡίʡίʡίԺ棬ӵһ¥Ϊ¥ҶƽΪʡίίһһ칫ңͬʱҲʡίίһ¥Ǳһ칫ңܣһӦ¥칫
ʡίһˣʡֵˣΪίͼǺ칫ģֵֻ˻ʡԺǱһЩ
ʡί鳤ʡί칫Ե³׼øˣȴΰǺҶƽٿ飬ʡίĴУеļίɲȴμίǵΡ
Լʮӣΰǵ˵Ӱ¥ǰȻ룬ҶƽʡίǣΰԳϯ˶Ҷƽεĸ߶ӣȻ֯һ¾Ϳˡ
ʵҲܽʲôΪ֮ǰѾˣ͵ҶƽʡίΣҪ˸ʡίԱһ£ʾһ˼ôʶһ£Ϳˡ
ΰԹǾԵ÷ǳ¡أʡίĸɲڿΰҲʱ򣬴ұֹ֣̰ͣΰǵһһϯ̨
ȻҶƽǲһʡίίʱûҶƽʡίίʱ䳤԰ӦҶƽ֮ʡίίʱͬҲˣԣ˻ҪҶƽ֮ˣΰǺǽҶƽȻĸһϯ̨


1229 ˽
ĸϯ̨֮ΰмλã˿μӻԱǿʼμӻԱҲΣϾʡίǹˣǱֲõĻǿǲá
ʡί֣֯ڴ֮󣬱ǿʼ˵ͬ־ǣٿʡίȫɲ飬ҪһʡίҪ쵼ͬ־䶯ˣʡίΰͬ־ʡίί鳤ͬ־ԵᣬʡίίίҶƽͬ־ʽʡίΣҵӭǺҶԼ鳤ĵ
˻һҵһʡί쵼ӳԱȫ棬֮⣬ʡίǣһĸʡίͬʱʡʡίԪϼȻʡίǶμӻƽʡί쵼ӳԱίίʮһɡ
꿪֮󣬱¡ؽҶƽҶƽļҽһ飬ͬʱľָһ飬ʵⶼһͨһ°ˡ
֮ΰǾͿʼ֮Թʵֵʡίĸ߶ӣĻûбҪģҪҽһһΪҶƽѹѹţͬʱҲҪʡίԱһ¹
ͬ־ǣζʡίҪ쵼ͬ־һεǰͼ칤ĸ߶ӡҶƽͬ־Ǵӹʡίίίǵλϵģ쵼ḻзһλʮ쵼ɲҶƽͬ־ڴ֮ǰҲ¹ͼ칤¹칤Լͼ칤ǳϤ˵ĵؽǶǼͼ칤һٽʡίҲǸ߶Ӽͼ칤ǼͼɲҲʮֵĹģʡΪһýϷĴʡȫǰУǼͼ칤ҲһȫǰСϣȫʡļͼɲܹܾҼѹʡίҪҶƽͬ־쵼£ȫ濪չüͼ칤Ϊȫʡĸչṩһļɱϣ
ΰһĽҪʾҶƽ֧֣ͬʱҲҪһеļͼɲֻҶƽµĹλϰѹá
ҶƽΰǶԼ֧ȻǷǳлҲеΰҲҪԼĹΪʡίľ߲ṩһǿ֧֣һҪĿġ
ΰǽ֮Ҷƽ򵥵һ˿ѹѹȺ˵ͬ־ǣղһǳҪĽǼͼһҪѧϰᡣҴӹʡҪʡίһְҸеηǳشȻǰҲ¹ͼ칤Ǹʱڻ㣬ڵʡίٵܻ᲻һϸɲ⣬ôҪѧϰʵȻǰѵĺܶ࣬ǹٵģʡίǵļǿ쵼ʡίĹһߵȫǰСǰܵĹʮַأΪͼԴһҪŬܷΪʵȫʡͼ칤ͻơ
ҶƽаСʱԼ̬ȣԼһЩҪΰ֮оҶƽ֮뿪ˣҶƽȥߣҶƽҲ뿪ˡ
ʡίί鳤Ե³ɴʱҶƽǰҶƽ֮˵ҶǣԵ³ɣǼί鳤
˿Ե³ɣҶƽ˵ͷ˵߰ɣǼٿᣬȿ֪֮ͨίίһ飬Ͷɡ
Ե³æͷӦҶƽ߽˻ҡ˻֮Ҷƽϯ̨˿˵еļίǶϯ̨ɡ
Ҷƽһ˵˱Ƕվ໥һۣ
ȵԺҶƽɨ˻᳡һۣǿʼղǸǴҵĽŴҶѾˣǶǵҪܸߣϣɼ˵һֶҲһѹҸߣҶϤҲ֮ǰһʲôĹԴҲ֮ǰʲô۸ӵ˼ʹϵֻһǾе˶ԴԼĹе˶ͼɲ磬ǶǸͼ칤ģҪලˣͱԼ򣬴ӲԼӲǾͲҪ˵ȥලˣüͼ칤ˡᵽĵһҪ󡣿˵Ǿǲ̫˽ˣһ仰͸ǽЩû˾˽˽ûüͼ칤ҾԼܺһ˽ʱңҪͼɲ飬ˣҽֻô࣬ܽһ仰˽һȥúһɣ
ҶƽһʱѻȸղΰǵûߵʱҶƽĻǱȽйоءΰǵһ̷֮˱仯Ҷƽǳ࣬Ҳǳ˸еˡ
ίϯ̨ϣҲǸеѹҶƽԱߣһȥЩӲͷǷǳɣΪ֮ǰѾҹҶƽˣе˵ȻҶƽ˵⻰ȴûʲôѹ
ǶμӻƽҶƽĻ֮󲻽ҶƽɨһۣǸеҶƽʡίе㲻ͬѰĻǳȣһһֵȣȻҶƽȷʵҲһ֣ʡίһ֣еֵһֵȡ
˵ĸоҶƽһʱ䳤ˣȻźǿһַʡίȻʡίһ֣ʡίֻҵţֻһ棬һȫ档Ҷƽһڹȫһ֣˵µȻǴֵࡣ
ʡίְλȻĹڼͼ칤ҲҪŵһֵһЩ£ߺһҪȻҪôҶֻܾ񣬲üͼ칤һطץȫ湤һģûкõ϶ùġ
Ҷƽ껰֮תͷ˿ΪҲ֪ʡίǣҪŴҵ̬źϹ
һҶƽ֪ʲô˼ˣӽӲıϻָ˵ҶǸոյҪǴһҪҶǵĽ񣬰ѸʡίĹʮҪʡίҲԵΪһǳҪĽɢһҪ֯ԱѧϰᣬԸӱľõǰĹˣɢɣ
˵䣬ɢᣬĻԺ󣬱ҪߣҶƽ˿û˵ʲôҲվȥ


1230 ί
ɢ֮ҶƽԼʡίİ칫ң鳤Ե³İ칫Ե³ɵҲʮңһ۾ԭʡί鳤ΰ칫ΣǰƽΪί鳤칫Ρ
ʡίǶʡίһţڼ֮һһӣʡίǸʡλĴҵλϸߡʡίϽ칫֯оҡ߷ҡලҡŷҡලҡԼ˸ͼң⻹ҵλɳҲǺӴġ
ʡίǸʡƣȫǸ칫Ρ֯ȫǸʡί쵼ӳԱһ˵ʡίһǸʡ⡣˼ʡίǾʡίίһҲֻίǸ
Ե³ھǸļίίʡί쵼ǳҶƽ֮ȻҪҶƽƽˣû˿ɽϣһɽ
ˣ֮ĹϵΪ˶ǰƽˣƽʱ໥ĽȽ϶࣬ȥҶƽ㱨ȻҲҪҶƽ£
Ե³֮Ҷƽһ˵鳤ߴһԱֽΤ߲ŵۺϴɡ
Ե³ҶƽĻ֮ͷתһ˵õҶǣȥţ֯˵һ¡
Ҷƽ˵ͷԵ³ɿһ׼ȥҪʱͻȻת˵ҶǣΤ߲ͬ־ԭʲôǷҪֱӰһְ񣿡
Τ߲ԭǱߵʱǸɲô߿϶ǸɲۺϴѾˣΤ߲϶ֱۺϴһҶƽȲҪŴҵְ񣬾ȷΪɡ
֪Ҷƽ˼Ե³תȥˣ뿪Ҷƽڰ칫һ顣
ʡίôһ̯ӣҪҵǰ참Υ͵ĶͲ鴦ȻҪΰѰӰã鴦һЩʡί߲ĸɲͨ
ǳЩǣܶ˵ϵԲô˳˳Ŀǰ˵һˣߣҲֻΰʡίǣ߼ҲΪʡʡίûҵϵֻΰǱŽܵϵ
Ҫٿʡίί飬оһ飬һ룬׼⣬һǻ⣬ȻղڻѾˣڻҪһǿһҪǿһ참ĹʡίҪ참참ίûдڵıҪˣ֮ǰƽεʱ򣬰ӰĲ࣬ܵ೸⣬ǰ참ʵʡίһ참Ͼ϶ǲеģ԰참һҪǿ
Ҫ£µ׼Ȼ˵ոҪµ϶ǲеģҪ׼ְܽҪģҪץסúñһ¡
ҶƽһЩ飬磬ʡίίңʡί쵼ӳԱѾˡ
ҵʱǳͷͷ⣬ҲʮֵĸߴվźǿĹࡣ
ʮ꣬ʱΪһʡίǼʵһֱıһؼίǵְλλҲҪ˲뿪Ҳû߳ɡ
֮ǰİƽһֱܸӣʡίҲǺȨƣίвɲкö뷨ˣĸǣǼίͷʵɡ
ԭʡίϰ࣬浣ιеļίǣʡίμίί鳤ддԺܰƽͣʡίǣȻԵ³ɽ鳤һְ
ûȵģ̸ֽĶ࣬ʵµ٣ʵƽҲˣԣƽŻελ
Ҳǲʼį֮ǰʡίϰ࣬ʡίĸʣԸ°Ȼû˴һƬǰƽʮʡίְ
ʡίǶμӻƽ˶ǰ참ǿʡίȴĺ棬Ҳǲģǰ참֣ùܶȻμӻƽĹϵǳˣڼίͷʵǿƽڵʡίڼ䣬޷Ĵڡ
һҪ޷ȵģΪǰʡʡ˴չϵСǿһİӣǿ֮ǰԭҪ˾ӶߣԸ뿪뿪ûкʵλӸţֻʡ˴ΣǿλøȻ߼Ҳɵʡ
ȵΰǵʡίԺ󣬰Ӧʡ˴εģյΣҲûˣԲŻʡίûмʡ˴ε
ձɳһ·ʡλӣڰʡʵеʵɣǿʡʡί֮󣬴ڵΰʡίʱ䣬ǰյķչ·ģǿûһķչ·ӣ°ʡķչȻһִַŷչģʽȻ⼸GDPҲǿٵǷչȴǲࡣ
ĿɽȻǵʮ㣬ƽǴʡļίǣҪʲô±Ҫ˵ɫ˵ǱģȻ˵Щ󣬵ҲȫǿѨ硣
ҶƽҪʡί򿪾棬ȻҲҪʵɴڵʵǽкȻͨɹһʵ⡣
ֻҶƽڻ̫˽ڵǰʡίֻһĸоӡӦһǳ߰ˣ֮Ը߰ʵйء
ǣûָоһ͹ˣȻᷴŰ취Լ£ˡ
ҶƽûǼæվҶƽһк𣬺ԥӡҶƽԵ³һ߽ҵģԵ³ɰıʼǱŵλǰ棬Ȼλñ
վкҶƽ΢΢˵ͷȥϵĶҶƽ⣬˲СĶΪиԣΪίˣҪһԣȻһƨôȥ참
Ҷƽûʲô΢Цı飬ЦһЦֵоЩڰƽλʱʮַΪҶƽˣȻǲֵУʮ


1231 ӵ
Ҷƽ֮󣬿˿һۣǿ˵ٿһγί飬ʵҲʽĳί飬һίͷɣҪذ˵һ˵˽һίͬ־ǰԼԷֹܵĹһ£һ½ҪĹȴǿʼɡ
Ҷƽһ˵꣬Ŀת͵ӣһе̻ңȻֶϵıӺһˮһĻ᳡ſʼ˹ؽ
ΪίǼҪֹܼȫ湤ͼί칫֯ŵĹֹоҺ߷ңμӻֹܵҺŷңƽֹܰලҺͰԼɲලңίֹŰ˸ͼң⻹صλصְȨ޷ֵǺͳίС
ֹܾİ참ȴܹܵǼרŰ참ĴңаˣΪİ참ֳֻȥָ˵ֹܰ참ȴ԰참źܴӰ
ԼֹܵĹһ£ص㽲ɼȻһĹֽһƽ棬ҶƽҲûжɫһֹֽ꣬оҺ߷Ҳûʲôɽģ򵥽һȻһĺΰǽˡ
ĺΰ룬ҶƽǶ࿴һۣͬҲûжɫ֮һһһ£ֵίίѧʱᵽһ飬Ǿһӵ
ֹͼңһͼڵŽеһггʡίϺóһʱˣǴһҲʡ˴һζԴʮֲκͰƽ˵£ƽٳû¾ϡ
Ҷƽһᣬ֪гʮ꣬ʮĸɲҲ˲ˣʿѧλҵʡί֯ɹɵйְгȥո˸г
ʡ˴ΣѧȻѧڻ㱨ʱҲᵽ˴νгҺͣҺ͵һʡί֯һֱûʡίί
˵ҪԸֱ̫˼ʹϵûдãҲ˵û˴һƬʡίίѡʱѡûѡϳίһѡ֮֯һְ÷ΣѾʡίˡ
Һѡ֮󣬱Բʮ䵽ʡ˴ְ˴Σһֱڡʡί֯ڼ䣬ʶˣʡί֮֯ҲǷǳǵ˽игҺڵʱʡίǺǿǰ˵ϻġ
ΥͣʡίҪҺͶԴΪΪԲ̰۸ܵˣһǼί˸ˣ˵ٱ˾ٱˣҪʡίܹӡʱİƽĻ֮󣬱ûѧӵȥ
ڰƽһȥҶƽոΣѧ˳ǺüίίΨһİӣȻҶƽע⡣
ҵĻ㱨Ҷƽص㽲˼Ҫǿһǻ⣬һط֮Ҫ⣬ûкõĹ磬ǲܸɺõģǼͼĹҪϽϸ£Ȼ׳⣬ȥල˼ңԼҪȻ˿϶᲻Ƿǳעģһϴ˿϶ָժǡ
ɲ⣬˾ţǸеҶƽץĺܽڴѾһ飬ǿҶƽЩڲͬ
ҶƽعԺ󣬱ᵽ˰참⣬⵱Ȼ̸ӵ⣬ڲûиӣֻҪΥ˼һҪ鴦ףҲܴжôĹףֻҪǽӵ˾ٱ˽⵽ڵΥǼίһҪһʱȥѰӸˡ
Ҷƽڽʱ¶һĨ΢ЦѧҲ˵ʱؿ˿
참֮Ҷƽǽϵ⣬ʡίĹԱһҪɣɣͲȥһҪʡίԱе䣬ȡʡίصĹЧʡ
һҶƽ飬˶䣬֪ҶƽΪʲôҪ˵Ҷƽǲ뷨ΪҶƽոϤȻҪ˵飬⵽Ҫʲô˼
ί￪ʼ˼ˣҶƽĵ˵һ˭Ҳû뵽ὫҶƽְҪ֪ҶƽһʡʡίίίǣӦڹʡչߵʡȥθʡίǻ߳θʡʲôĶпܣھȻܵμίǣҲЩˡ
Ҳ˽ҶƽһЩ飬ҶƽڸԸɲҪΪϸڵʡί˻ظɲ⣬Ա⣬ʮֵ
ҶƽЩ֮ʴһʲôҶûпɢˡɢ֮ҶƽʼǱԼİ칫ҡ
һص칫ң˽Ҷƽû˵ʲô˹Լ㱨Ҳһ£û㱨Ǿ˸ɱ˫ˡ
ǣ˵Ҷƽһ£
Цһ¾ҶƽԶĵطҶƽһ룬Ӧֵ׽һЩ°칫ԱߵλãȻ˸һˮź˵˻
Ҷǣ˵˵顣һ£ǺҶƽ¡
Ҷƽһһ˵ǣҪ˵ʲô뾡˵
˵ӣڵʱ֮Իֹͣ飬Һδкԭ򣬶ǰǷһЩ顣
Ҷƽһ϶˶ݣһ˵һٱİӣ˵ٱİӦҪǰ˴֮ܳʽģȴǵٶȷǳĿ죬ҽ˹飬˸еǳɣʲô飬֪֮󣬿ҲǰöԿ׼ˣ԰Ϊ鲻ôֹ֮ͣ˵飬˭֪ѧʱ⣬Ҷ㲻˽ͬе飬ΪĻһЩġ
Ҷƽûϵ滹⣬ĻѧЩˣڿʱû˵ȴ˵⣬ʱҪ˭ģ
еЩӣҶƽһ£һʱûбʲô̬Ҫһ˽Уᵽ⣬ҲҪע⣬ȻӻĲ֮ܲðѧйһʣǲ鴦ĿǰΪֹûȷʵ֤ݡ


1232 Ůί
ʡίոҪʡ˴γҺ͹Ҷƽ̸ˣһҶƽԼԼеЩ죬Һֻʡ˴ΣܹܵʡίĹڹΪ˵飬ʵеáѵߵ˵֮ǳأ
Ҷǣҹģֻܹ飬˾ٱʵ£ͬ⣬һжǰźõģνľٱ˶ǰźõģǴͨһ˽ģѧʶнԲȥΥҼ͵£Ĳ֣ҲԣƽʱҲ˵ƽ˽ģûмĹڲǸгһǽоÿĹίΣæ̣ڱ̫˺𣿡Һ;Ҷƽǰ˵Ļ
ųҺ͵ĻҶƽҲǸеЩԻˣڴ֮ǰѾҹѧ˽ˣ˵ľٱоľٱ˵ڽĿһ蹤ĿʮԪĻ߿ȻĿ󣬵ľٱǾʧְƽ֮ǰ֮Ի᲻ͬ飬Ϊ˳Һ͵Ļ֮µҺͱǲõˣʵǲԵġ
ѧһ˵ҶƽǸеЩ˷룬ǺˣǻˣǲҺ˵һʱжϡΥΥΪʹ֮ǰٴĹҲǲеģΪίǾԲ
ԳҺ͵Ľԣ޷֮ʾڵ˽ʵĻģģԲԩһˣһˣոϤȵ˽Ժʱ顣
һҶƽʱ飬Һ͵һ֮ǰҶƽᣬ뼱ڳɼÿһɲҶƽмˣ㵹ùˣҲ˺ܶ˵Ը
ҶƽܴӦʱȻͰƽȣҶƽĻȷ䣬ƽʵֹ˶ĵ飬Ҷƽֻʱѡ
ôҶƽĻûܵɱΣͿˣҺҶƽʾ˸лȻˡ
ųҺȥҶƽͳţһ룬Ҳ֣Һһʡ˴ΣȻֱӳΪһܷ˵飬̫ˣֻ˵ҪôҺͺһһܷӣǸܷܷӣҪôǳҺĽԸ뱣ɸܷΪǰġ
ôҺ˵ʵģȷʵڱҺ֪￴ȥǳͷĻǸӵĶ࣬һܵˡ
оҪ˽һ£ڵϢûнΤ߲ȥһԵ³ɺĻҲȫţͬѧĻҲȫţҪһ˽֮ϡ
ۺϿ˰죬Ҷƽʱֹͣĵ飬־Ժѧй֪һѧЩԾҶƽѾͬ˵ģͻȻֹͣ飬Ȼܵ˳Һ͵Ӱˡ
Ҷǣ뱣ܾԼǳ˽ʵһƫִˣ֮ԻΪ֮Ĺϵ̫һˣûжӣǰԲŻάڲȥǾﰡѧ̬ƺǳҶƽԵ
Ҷƽһ˵ɻˣѵҺͶԱ˵飿ĻҲ̫˰ɣҺͱϾʡ˴Σһʸ쵼ͬ־ѵṫȻΪܷ˵飿Ͱƽ˵ҲͰˣ֮ǰϤԼոչһոյ쵼ͬ־˵飿̫ϳˡ
ίȲҪżǼίȱӰ죬ʱͣһ£ҵȥҺԹˣǲܲأȵһȰɣҶƽһ¶ѧ˵
ѧһеûƽˣҶƽֻܱʾӣʱֹͣĵ顣
ͬԼҶƽҲͲ˵ʲôȻ˵ûзʲôǳҺ˵Ҳܲע⣬ڱʡίйԱ᲻ʲôɫ
¸࣬²鴦ܵеºڵҶƽԴ֪ģոһλҪܺԼĶ飬Ȼȥ鴦ˣ˿϶ǲģصʮҪ
ʱҶƽһţ˵ǱߵһأļίǿţһСӲСĺŮί³֮ǸСӣ˸ĵˡ
ϵýһع⣬ҶעӦ˵ýעˣ鴦Ŀ϶ܿ죬Ȼûнм߲ɷõصţصű߼ߣ˵ڵ飬ȵ֮й
Ҷƽǿ飬һͷǸеŮίǵıַǳɶΪļίǣӦάΪһСӲСĳǳִˣɴ˿Կ˸ûʲô͵ĸڼͼ飬ͼ칤θã
עǣŮίǿһֵʮİµϽγʲôģһͨļίǻǮĺ
ίŵע⣬ǾǹˡҶƽһ룬ֱӴ绰мίǹעһ飬˽һ¡
תһ룬ҶƽȥнһµУзô£ȥһ£չ
λеĶ棬Լһٶ·еľõλȫʡ˵ʡв£εĽίʡίίλίǹΡӵĵλȻΪڷչķǳ죬ʵǳǿԵʡ
Ҷƽüί칫Ա֪ͨмίͬʱݹϵĳʡί֪ʡί칫֪ͨ˽ίҶƽΪʡίίȥйʡί£ͬʱҲܴһʡί
֪ҶƽҪίйίмίҦҵйһ½Ӵ
Ҷƽְƽ˶ʡίίҶƽʡίǣȻСҪҦҵһνӴ⡣һҪҶƽһӣͬʱҲʧԼӣΪԼҲʡίίһǽôһҪеίǡ


1233 
Ҷƽżί鳤Ե³ɺ͵γԼԼΤ߲һǰС˽еؽʱмίҦҵӭӡ
òԵ³³֣˼仰֮ϳһʻȥҶƽһаͳ˹аͳʡίԼаͳƽʱȥιѧϰһ㶼аͳȻԵ³ɽҶƽγȥȻίаͳȥӲ칤Ҷƽûͬ⣬γĻһԱôγƺƵģų̫󣬲ֱһаͳԱˡ
Ե³ҶƽߵĺܽΪͬ⣬ΪԭƽĺˣƽһȥǾԵúΣЩʵҶƽĻί鳤ѱȡ
ΪֺҶƽԵ³ûð칫ۺϴĴйֻΤ߲ţһֺҶƽһҲΪҶƽΤ߲ۺϴһְṩ㡣ۺϴʱһҶƽԵ³ְȻͻĻ䲻ԸٴۺϴλϣǸʱˮɣΤ߲ͷһܸм
Ե³ɻһУĿǶҶƽӲ칤ýбҶƽһ޶ã˴Ҫ˽һߵļͼ칤һҲŴһίǵһôһ£ķӦΪʲôô
ʻ뽭ίԺίԺԺͽгԶվڰ칫¥ſӭӡԶгίûʲô֪ҶƽҪӲϢ֮ȻǸеҪһ棬Ȼоá
֪Ҫ϶ǲ˵ͬ⣬ʵ˵Ĺϵһ㣬ǴһеίǵείǣԶԭǽегϣǿгίǵɣΪʡίίԺ˸ı䣬ԭ϶Ǵڵġ
ƽʱһ棬ȴǺܺõģ̸ЦͬϵеֵܡȻӭҶƽʵϣ˶ҶƽͻȻӲ칤еΣҶƽոʡȴӲ칤ĵһվŵ˽УѵǽеĹܵʡίĹעˣ
һЩɣ˸ûнֻⷽ˵һЩ飬̸Ц֮䣬ҶƽίԺ档
ҶƽӳͼԶű˵ĶЩ֣ЦеģҶƽһǸеЩЦ˲ʲôɣ
ʵֻһִҶƽǰȻǱЦݵģǰȴǷǳǼԶܰԼùѪͷҲǲί칫ҵζ̧ͷ
ҶǣӭӲ칤סҶƽ֣Це˵
ҶƽҲ΢ЦλҪ쵼רŹӭңлˣ
ȻһͬʡίίҶƽûʡίίǼίǣռͼȨȻͬʡίίʲôΥΥ͵⣬ҲŹͶЦû̫⡣
֣Ҷƽ뼾Զ֣ԶЦȻҪĲãҶƽ΢΢һЦû˵
ί¬źҦҵҲǹҶƽ֡ίҪ쵼ͬ־ȫˣӣƴֻΰǵʱŻУȴӴˡ
ҶƽҪųˣҲûа취֮󣬱ȥί칫¥ĻҡҶƽһ߽ȥȻһȥ
ȥ֮Ҷƽ㱨˽ейعҶƽﾲţ֪ߵһʽǸһӣΪʡίǣһίԼ㱨ʵǲģʡίίԼԸ㱨Ҳֹֻ̬
ȵ򵥵Ľ꣬ҶƽЦЦһϽеĹһֻؾ
Ҷƽ֮󣬱ǱʾҶʡñǽмָ͹ҶǶǽеĸ߶ӣǺҵͬҶǣʲô鼰ʱңҪҳЭ飬ҼʱЭҪҶƽν֮ȡԲɹ
һ˵ҶƽҲЦˣﲻʲôǽģ˰ôģҲûа취˵ڸԼӣֳԼӡ
ûͬҶƽȥӲ칤ӴǿԵģȥͬͲˣΪ齫ҪϵӵģʡίίΪͬͲˣ㰲¬źҦҵͬš
ҶƽǲҪʲôͬҦҵͬͺˣҦҵǼίǣ뿪϶ǲеģʲô¬ͨͨûбҪгԶǲͬҲûе㵽ԶҶƽ棬ʾԼҶƽؾͿˡ
ڻһ˵껰ҶƽһվʼɢȥȥæȻҶƽȥмίǱ˽ȷӲ칤ϣ϶ҪҶƽټһ¸顣
Ҷƽмί¬źҦҵȫͬҶƽһмίһ칫ң֮󣬾ȡҦҵ˵Ĺ㱨
¬Ա߲ʱŻʵͬҶƽҲЩΣΪίĹҼίһĶԣҶƽҦҵ˵һЩϵ飬ʵ岻죬ֻ¸е˵ãŻһЩű߼ʵĻ
ҶƽҲǸеﲻ󷽱㣬һǶ¬˵ͬ־æȥɣٸ㣬ںҵͬ־˵һ˵顣
Ҷƽ뿪¬űվ˵ҶȻذ칫ˣʲôҵ֪ͨҾͿˡ
¬Ҷƽһк뿪˰칫ң뿪֮Ҷƽ֣صغҦҵ˵
ǽؼίһ¼֪֪Ҷƽ¬֮󣬱ǳҦҵʵ
û뵽ҶƽͻȻ飬Ҧҵ˰ŷӦ˵Ҷǣǲָؼίǲϼ˵飿
Ҷƽûмίôģ
Ҧҵһ£˵Ҫǽίڴмίûи棬ڴ֮Ǳһˡ
мίûȥע£Ҷƽ˵ǣͼĸɲмίôܲȥעãǾͲȥҵͬ־ͼɲҪǾȥάȥάǼͼ칤ȥƽѵеĵһվڽأô


1234 ˽
ҶƽĻҦҵȻ˵ͬҶƽȥӲ칤Ҷƽһ߱ҪȥӲ칤е⣬ҶƽרȥΪ˽ȥذɣ
ΪļίǣӲ칤߸ˣֳԽмͼ칤ӾͿˣҶƽԸĻͬҶƽȥһأȥ˽һ¼ͼ칤״ȥҵ˽һ¸ԤĹǿԵģЩ鶼ܿõŵĶҶƽ﷢һ½ȻظͿˣֱȥӲ칤һᵽ˲ϼ⣬֪ҶƽҪʲô
Ȼ룬ҦҵæӦҶƽҪ󣬲쿴ǲˣõȵ˵ɣҪҶƽء
Ҧҵһ֮ҶƽȴǱʾھȥأ˽س緹û뵽ҶƽôżҦҵֻ֪ͨȻһһҲǸеȣҶƽҪȥҲֹҶƽȥɡ
¬źҦҵһҶƽȥ˽ء뽭Ҳ̫ԶҲֻһٶӣ֮ǵ˳緹ʱ䡣ίسһ˵ʡίǵˣȻӵĲˣֻû׼еЩá
ǸϵʱҶƽȴûǼ棬ʾ翪ʱټ棬Էʱ򲻼ˡ
Ҷƽ磬ýصίسŵˣ֪ʲôֻõд⣬ҶƽҦҵ߽дԷ
ҦҵһǶҶƽҶǣͬ־ǲҪǽ
ҶƽҦҵһۺ˵ֻǳԷ漱ʲôһǼ棬ԼȥԷɡ
ҶƽҦҵֻóȥýصίǺسȫˡ֮ҦҵҶƽһԷ
ֻǼ򵥵ĳԸ극ҶƽϢһȵʱҦҵʾҶƽǸȥίԺһǵس
Ҧҵ¬˼æȥţίǺس֪ҶƽҪίԺ׼
ҶƽίԺ֮󣬽صίǺس߹ӭӣһǳӣҶƽ֣칫¥Ļҡ
Ҷƽ֮󣬱¬źҦҵһ£Ǽˣֱӽи̸˽һߵļͼ칤
¬źҦҵһҪи̸˲ǸеЩţΪ棬һģϵĶûʲôɵĵģ̸ôҶƽμ棬̸ʲôǲö֪ˡ
֮ǸеЩţ֪ҶƽҪʲôĻʲô飬Ҷƽһˣǳʲô飬ǿǾͲˡ
Σ¬ֻðҶƽİ뽭صίǺسһһ£ҶƽҪ׼ĹҶƽҪ̸Ķίǣسίǣؼίǣί
֮Ҫί̸Ҷƽ˽ýɣΪʲôӦԣһġ
Ϊ˲ñ˲²̸ݣҶƽּһ˴κЭϯȫ˽
ίв˵ҶƽҪ̸ͷеģڽعѾ꣬ζлεﵣθг󶼹һΪһεʱеصϸɲͨʡί֯Ŀ죬ڽصĵλȹ̵ģûӰ쵽ڽصְ
ϸɲֲĵļල÷ǳ޿κΣϸɲһȺ壬ĳһˣǿ㣬ָű㣬㶼ûа취˵ӸʱȺ˵ڴɿأ˵Ȼǽȷʵʵ˭ҲҶôвһϸɲͶ۲ĲίλίӼȥ
вڽ⼸ľ˺ܶ๤̣Ȼµĺ֢Ҳܶ࣬Ϳ˽صĲͬʱҲܶȺڵĲĴϣڶûΪмɲĸԭ
Ȼίǵıֻ˵治붯붯ĻͰˣвų裬ĺö쵼н飬Ҫ붯Ҫһ
Ҷƽһ̸ҶƽвŵʱòвſȥһˣͬʱҲовΪһίǣȱһĵʣһ仰˳һ̰࣡
ǳ̰δؾ̰٣ǲ̰ٿܶϿ϶ǲеģе˿ȥܼӣҲܾҵһȴһ̰٣黹ҪʵǣܿƲжһ˵ĺû
Ҷƽ֮вźСĵؽһҶǺáҶƽ̧ͷ˿˵вͬ־ɣ˵
вߵҶƽԱ߽һƨɽǣȻĿ⿴Ҷƽһϵӡ
ӣҶƽҲûж࿴ֱʵвͬ־й˽һصĵĽ⣬ίһ֣Ե踺еһΣ̸һ̸صɡ
вһҶƽ飬ǿʼϲؽһЩĴʩˣЩҶƽ֮ǰѾһ£֪ҶƽʵЩ飬˸׼ˣó׼õĸͿˡ
óԼ㱨ҶƽһҲûֹһݶһЩ׻ٻȫûʵʵݣֹвͬ־һЩһЩʵʵĶ˵ǽ鴦ĸɲԸɲԼǰȺڶǵ㽲һ£Ҫ̫Ķ
ҶƽһʣвűǸеЩƻ⼸꽭һƼĸɲûв˵ĻҲǲһЩְһСɲûдɲ⵽鴦˵ǽṵִ̂٣ǵҲ˵ԽصķܹȴǺܲ⣬ΪͷѹŲ죬ͼҲǲߡ
Ҷƽһ飬вϸһ룬Űȫؽ鴦İ򵥵˵һ£ҸҶƽؼί˽⣬˽⣬ֻ㱨
˵Ҷƽ֪ߵķܹĲôĺܺõĻһвӡ̣вŽֻ˵ߵĹûĺܺá
ֲûᷢǸŮίСӵ˵һֺܲõĻͼɲעˣ˻ôע⣬طļͼ칤ĺһ㰡
Ҷƽһ룬ҲûбҪвŻ㱨ˣɴԼһɣسйһɣҪʱˡ


1235 ȸ
вŸеȫ亹뿪Ҷƽķ䣬еҶƽǰһױȵѹѹƽʱǳǿƵί͸ڻشҶƽʱԿڲƵȻ
ò״ҶƽķвŲһ֮ûȥˣǼæܵԼİ칫ȥˣΪղҶƽʵйزϼ飬ûô
ΪʲôûдһϼԭдľһŮӣ䲻ʮӣʮɫصίǺ󣬾дԷ˱ǹˡ
һϲŮ˵òϼסˣչ˹ϵ˹ϵ֮󣬲ϼΪίǵݣڽش̣س׬Ǯ֮вŽؼίؼίǡ
в֪ϵؼίǵȻǿнаţòϼؼίǡϼڱýع֮ؼίǹ㱨ȥϼְ⡣вؼί֮ȴûзΪеֻһС飬ȴ䳴²ԲϼˣԵⱳһãڴӦȥϼְЩ£ϼ֮Ĺϵ˵ͻķӦȥ
ѡ˰һķӦӦǿңʵǶ㲻˵һֱϵڣƴȻΡȻ
ȻȻ˽µĹȴҪģȥͱСӵļ̸һЩŵСļվΪϼ˵֤ʱСҲƤС˲ϼĳȻҲûеǸϼ֣²ϼһʱСӡ
вŸոհźãûпʼýҶƽʹʡǹˡҶƽһ£֪ûùȥˣû뵽ʡίǻע£֪ʡίǻע£Ҳ飬ô죿
вŸеֵĽţһ뵽Ǹϼһ绰ؼίְ˵ǾԼΪʮֲõӰ죬еǸԸְܴ֡
ϼˣôĽ̬ͻлͣͬʱͷٳûҲܵõһĽͣǾǸһϴĻᣬн塣
вžͻǿԵģ͸ϼ˵绰ϼһӵĵ绰˵Ǹеʮ֣̬ͻȻ仯ˣǸˣְˣͻ黹ô죿û·
Ҫ֪ÿһһߣеʱ鷢֮뵽ǰסס˵һʧأϾҲûа취İ취
һϼԸвűʡ쵼ʴµ齲һ飬ٲϴ½ûлϴˣץȡ
֪ʡ쵼ע飬ϼæвô죬вž͸죬Ȼû顣
ھвŵȰ˵֮󣬲ϼ㼱æдְź͵Ǹ飬Ҷƽ֮ؼίύʱٴн˵飬ȡѴ»СС»ˡ
вŵİ칫ͷæ飬ǱҶƽ̸Ҳ֪Ҷƽ̸ʲô˼̸֯ǿ϶Ǻ£ҪˣȻί̸Ŀʲô
Ҷƽֻ뷺˽һطĵ߸ʽûʲôĿģôǾͲȥˣҶƽʲô״سίԼؼίǺ뷨εʵȨ쵼ȻвͷȽǿƣǰивŵĹв֪ˣǾͲˡ
˵Ҷƽǰ̸صĵʱҲֻӦһ£ѵصһЩ˳ûʲôʵԵݡҶƽϼһµʱǵһְﶨĵҶƽӦҶƽϼһڽдûаͽд
еǺвŽĲ࣬ҶƽǸеˣӦԼ֪ӦԼû֤ݣҲû˵ʲô˻־ǳȥˡ
ǼһһȥҶƽеطЩͷίǶԵһ֪صĵ蹤ʩѵطǳ࣬Ҫչ蹤
ȻҶƽ޷֪طһʲôԼԼе⣬ҵҲ֪⣬ֻǲԸԼǰǲԼȻǲ֪
Ҷƽ׼뷨ҽؼϸɲ̸һ̸طϸɲûʲôǣ׽滰ȻЩݸɲŪҲǲϸɲʮӵģϾǾḻθбȽǿҲǸϸɲΪŮиһЩ
ǵ˴κЭϯ̸ʱҶƽеˡ˴κЭϯƺвìܣҶƽǰвŵһЩʵҶƽˡ
˴κЭϯǽصĵطʵɣвǿƴѹʵɣȻȡԼ棬ȻǵķԣϸɲвŽҪεʱϷãǳ֣֮Ҷƽ̸ǱҶƽǰвźܶ໵вϼĹϵ⡣
Ҷƽһеʮ𾪣ֲô³ٳٵòԭίΪϼ
Ҷƽǳϸӣ˴κЭϯ˱ͼӴ׵ذвڽصΪһЩ˵вطΪظвſɽƽ¡
впɽ£˴κЭϯûҶƽǰҲܽҶƽȻҲʣǽˣҶƽˣûˮƽıֻ֣Ҫͻḡˮ档
ҶƽǵĻ㱨֮ͷ߰˷֣ǲϼСһС飬ȴǷӳص̬һֲӵĽ裬ӷܹȻᵼµص̬ã⣬רطȸʵĶˡ
ҶƽһݣδȻ˴κЭϯӳδȫʵҲа˳ʵģȻˣҪ뷨ҿӣѽصһһҪĲ㼶һȨǷǳȫȨ׻˵°һҪ⣬ǿ϶Ƕǳģһ̬ʡί޷رܵΡ


1236 ۵ķת
Ҷƽ쵼ɲ̸껰̸ݳ֮⣬˶֪Ե̸ʱ¬źҦҵ˸Ҷƽ̸˵вŵ߳ʱǻŴ˽һ
вųȥԼİ칫氲ˣس˳֮ȻǽһЩ飬ǶһЩ̸飬һǽ˲ϼ顣
¬źҦҵһǸеһҶƽרؿΪϼ顣ӣôϵĴþǲģȻҶƽͻҶƽһпܰìͷ׼ǡ
¬źҦҵͷǸеãҶƽһ˴£ҦҵƸ˽ίҶƽר˽飬Ȼ̬пǱҪӦԵ׼
ȵвŴ绰Ҧҵ̰еһȥ飬ô飬ʡ쵼ˣרŹ£ɴ˿ɼôʡ쵼ӡ
вҲΪ¶ţһС£벻ʡ쵼רŹ˽绰һʲĻŻ壬ʱӦһ¾ˣʡ쵼һԹͲôúŪˡ
Ҧҵ󵱼ҪвٿίίὫϼְһĴ֡вűʾʡ쵼⣬϶ûٿίίᣬֻҪȵʡ쵼֮ٿʱйҦҵһ룬в˵ҲеõȵҶƽ뿪֮
Ҷƽ̸껰֮󣬱ǰ¬źҦҵҹֻǸǣԭµЩνĵʾͲˣؽ
ҶƽҦҵҶƽιһߵĵģ㣬ǻһЩҶƽһЩ㣬ȻñһҲ˵ίĳɼҶƽ˽⵽صһЩ֮󣬱ûȥˣҲûʲôã޷Ӧһס
ҶƽȥʾӲĻҦҵһеҶƽ϶ǲˣΪϼ飬вһʱͿûͷԣˡҲãҲٱ
Ҷƽ˵߾ߣ¬źҦҵûа취ֻøҶƽһ뿪˽أвһɲǡ
֪ͨһ£ٿίίᡣҶƽĳ뿪֮вɫίָʾ
ٿίί֮ǰвϴ绰ϼѴְź͵Ǹ齻ͷʱáϼûпʼŪأһĻҲǻ񣬱Ǽæȥдٿί֮ǰѴְź͵ǸŽίˡ
вίίᣬڻؼίĹָڹͼɲ鷽ûã۵Ĺ㷺עؼίǲϼΪҪдȥϼְ񣬶Բϼڵؾ洦֡
ʱίδ˽˲ϼĴְź͵ǸŽвŵвװһ˵ϼͬ־ǱȽԾģרŽ˴ְź͵Ǹţ̬Ȳ̬ȲҲܼΣǻҪ涨ȥְ񣬶ְͬڵǸº󽻸ӵļҳǲҪϵýͨͬʱѲϼͬ־ְºͽǸŵҲȥֻҪѲϼְʱǰһЩʲô飬˵ͨ籨Ÿϼͬ־ΪҪְʱŽְŲϣĻֻ̬ε󣬲ǽص
вڻϹĲĳίû鶼вһְŵģǰŵģڴҲŵģ˾Ͳȥ֣ȥִоˡ
ίίһٿ꣬ᷢϢϼڱְˣͬʱҲ˲ϼϴְϢҳǱҲվ˵ʾԼĺҲòԣùβ˲ϼĳ
ۿʼһЩתڽصĺתͬʱҲ˿ʼСӵƤβ˼ҵĳǸ޹ֳһɲĻһ¾ףȫ˼Ů
ϳһЩڲϼϢвźͲϼ˶һһεĹػǱȽϳɹģȻЩ㻹ʱûγɴķ籩ȥˣӰ쵽˰ɡ
˸еҵʱʵϣҶƽڵصԺ󣬱Ǻһ̸̸˽صشصĵȱλίвŸҪΣ뽭ίԹעһĴ
Ҷƽвŵ飬һΪвĹϵһ㣬гԶĹϵȽУԽصдĻҪ뼾ԶʲôͻҶƽ˵Ҷǣصͷ˽һ£ҵºרǻ㱨ʡίͬ־һ飬ǵͬ־Ҳð¡
һᵽҪҶƽ֪ʲô˼ˣ˼˵ͷð죬Ҫʡͷǣͷδʲôزʡί˵㡣
ҶƽһҪʵͷмίҲģȻҪʡίٽмί참
ʡίмί˽һһ֤ݣ˵һĻȻ˵евŵȽأû֤ݣҲ˵Ҫô鴦
Ҷƽ֮ͨ󣬱ǻصʡУҴҵȥһ˽УżȥģҶƽûü߰λȥΪûЩӦĳûйĻеģǶȡˣԳ֪⣬˸֪Ҷƽȥһ˽С
֪Ҷƽȥһ˽УʡίΰǲɵضҶƽһޣΪʡһϵĸɲʡĺö쵼ǴӽĸɲϵɲĴʵʡ˴գӽ𲽣һһʡλģαʡίǷˣȻʡί֯ȻҲǽϵ
ϵĸɲʵۺʡﶼռŹؼλãΰǺ͸߼ҲȻһʡίǣһʡҪ±Ҫõϵɲ֧֣ǰʡίǺǿڵʱʡͷʵʡգַչ˼·ǰҪģΰҪıԭķչ˼·˳뽭ϵɲĹϵ϶ǲôġ
ΰڶҶƽĵ˺ܴϣҶƽ͸߼ҲŤתʡƣһƶչ˼·չһĹǻ𵽺ܴõġ


1237 
Ҷƽһ͸뵽ڲ飬ɼ䵨Ժ͵ʶΰǲܲΪҶƽްҶƽոȻ˽⵽ĸɲһЩûȥʲôֻǾ£ץס˴۵һ˽һҪĻǾͽд
Ҷƽջĵڶ죬Ϳйزϼ´ˣίϼְ֪֮󣬽ίʼʵͺģȥĻҲӵĳ̶ȣҼʹҲһǳ⣬ϼǱȥ˼ίǵְ񣬵ȴûеͼɲ飬ĴʽôУ
Ҷƽһ룬ѧйѧøеļͼ칤׼ѧǰдص顣
ӵҶƽĵ绰ѧҶƽİ칫ҡѧ£ҶƽͷһЩǣָоѧƺǷǳ˽ƵģҪһζѧпĻᣬѧһܰѽصãôͿѧˣûԼ⣬ôͻ᲻ɵػѧڵĿġ
ѧ֮Ҷƽǰѽصһ£ǰҦҵһ˽һǡĴ
ѧҶƽ治ɵһԭΪҶƽйҪ˵һ˵飬ΪΪҶƽȥ˽Ժ˵˽һ飬˽ˣ˵ͻȥ飬˭֪һ棬ȴǽ˽ص顣
һ飬ѧҶǣصļ𹻲ʡίɣί𣿡
չ涨ʡί鴦ǸϵĵԱɲмί鴦ĸϵĵԱɲҪ鴦вŵĻмίͿȨ鴦ˡ
ʡίҪ鴦вŵĻǿἶ鴦ģʹἶ鴦ҲǿԽжٰģһ쵼ƣҶƽѧȥҪһֶ١
ѧҶƽʡίȥԸõش飬Դȥǵģذ鴦á
ҶƽѧֻôӦѧʡίҲĸɲˣȥԺǾ뽭егƽһί϶ǳӣȻҶƽȥȥһ⡣
Ҷƽѧûȥע⣬ȵѧ֮˵ڻҪһЩش飬ΰ֮ǰ绰ﻮһ³ʡίʡ飬ʡίʡԼ飬ΰ֡
ֵĿľܹǿʵĶ졣ʡίʡжңǶҵԱ𲻵ӦжãбҪһרŵĶ飬ΪһʱԵĻǿȫʡصĹ죬ȷʡίʡͨʵʡίʡĹĿꡣ
һϵĹԷǳǿΰǲ齻ʡίǵȴǰ齻˵ΰϵ뷨ΰǿҪƿϵĸɲתҶƽɲȷʡίʡĶ칤Ӧеá
ҶƽԺҪƶһȻصԱһǳصĹڼί棬ܿϵ˲Ų࣬Τ߲˽˽һЩΤ߲ܿ˽һЩ飬ʡίڲһЩҲ˽⡣
еʡίڲʵ̫ǿǿѾβ󲻵֮ˣ뷨ʡί»Ӱ쵽ʡίš
ʡίղˣʹʲôã黹ܼΰ黹Щ죬Ƚʡίڲ⣬ûѶĹõġ
Ҷƽһ룬оòȡһЩʡίڲԱ벻Ҷɫ¡
һٿίίʱ򣬼ίǶμӻ٣ȻûʲôоֱԼλǰʱҶƽ
Ҷƽһֱ뷢ıĿѸ䵽μӻϣʵǶǼ㿪᣿
˵⻰ʱҶƽĿֿȫƺʶμӻͬʱҲˡﲻһϷ̻شǶǾŵ㿪ɡ
ش⣬ҶƽҲûпְĿ䵽˶μӻϣ˵ǶǾŵ㿪ᣬǾŵʮˣǴҶڵȶθÿһ˷ʮӣǶٷӣ
ҶƽĿһ䵽μӻϣμӻǸоˣϷֱһµҸղеûѿҹٵ
μӻףҶƽ˵ǹ涨㿪ᣬ׼ʱᣬתһ֣£٣٣׼ʱᣬʲôɶУҪ𣬲Ȼĸɲôǵͼɲһ֧Ķ飬ǵҪҪڶɲҪֻǲȥලˣ鴦ˣǺɲһˮƽһҪ˼ƾʲôǣҲܴǰʲô磬Ҳ˭˭ʲôĹϵ죬ﵣμίǣҪϸִǵĹ涨ҿʼ𣬴ÿһλͬ־ҪҪ󣬸߱׼˭Ҫ⣬Բ뿪ͼ鲻ӭˣ
ҶƽɫؽĻֳίϲΪû뵽Ҷƽᵱһλίǣ飬μӻһӣһӣǳѿ
μӻҪ˵ĹϵǺУƽʱɢˣûнײǹˣҶƽֻﲻ˵Ҷƽûʡίˣ˵ͷõĴ취
ҶƽԱߣͷҲζҶƽμӻȻûаίҲ˵ҶƽûиӣȻĲʵϣһͬĸоǼίҶƽμӻҲ͸
ʱͷǸоܲõģΪԴҶƽԺ͸еҶƽĲ֮ͬƽڵʱûԸģһЩ飬ֻҪ֣ƽһòڿҶƽεʡίǣһЩǾԲòģҶƽòһҶƽͻ
һʲôͻƿ϶ʵʵβƣΪʡίһ֣ҶƽûУνʵһʧˣһӦ飬뿪Ǽѡʤ߻˭ڲö֪


1238 
Ҷƽڽμӻһ٣ͬʱҲĳίԱǵһοҶƽƢ׻˵ᷢƢ쵼Բһ쵼ΪûƢ쵼һϺˣҶƽʱôһƢԵĶǼ𲻵͵ļίǣɴ˶ĳ֪ˡ
ʱȴҲǸܵҶƽ֮ŭղŽҶƽĻ޷ӭһҶƽͬʱԶμӻҲûʲôøУΪμӻҲǺһģûʹӡ
һɢҶƽȴѶμӻеԼİ칫ңղ˶μӻǹѹҪöμӻٸ£ԼʲôԹޡ
μӻ֪ҶƽģоίԼǳٵ˼ӶѣбҪԼ
Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽһǻָЦݵӻǣղ㣬ҲҪⰡ
μӻһݣû뵽Ҷƽôض˵⻰ֻ˵ҶǣĶԣûаʱᣬ֡
һۣҶƽ㣬ˣǰǵλֹɢΪ¶û׼ʱᣬһЩԱڹϾǲô棬ҿһ£רżලһ飬Ǻݺݵعһ´ϰ಻׼ʱΪǼͼأҪϸִмɣܺλͬһҪ׼𣿡
μӻһЩͿˣҶƽոȻලҵĹɣЩеͿ
ʡίҲûˣƽʱҪǸĺ棬ֻǸòˣҲڵʡίûʲôɼǰûʲôҶƽ֮ʡίȨҲǺõġ
Ҷƽ͹Գ˵һ£ھͿôˡ
μӻһ룬Ҷǣոˣº𣿡
ҶƽôʣֻҪԸһá
μӻҶƽǳһ룬ǴӦμӻ֮󣬱ǺԵ³һƶصļɹ涨һĹʵֹܵģǴʱƿˣָоǲܵġ
ʡίְμӻҶƽʱеҶƽϵȨμӻΪίǶܵˣǸˣʲôòԵĵط϶ܵȶμӻ
ŶμӻרץִмһĹǸеͷԣǿμӻִһʱǳϸ񣬵Ǳ˸ʺ
ѧȥ˽УҶƽμӻ£ûзϣҶƽһһŻ˵Ҷƽɱһݾѡ
ҶƽöμӻץõλĹú˼оҶƽһȨμӻȻӦҶƽҪɴ˿óμӻôԼߵˣҶƽǰܵˡ
ӼҶƽҲܴƽĻƽΪ˵Ը񲻴һǸƨ棬Ҷƽ϶Ȼû˸ĺˣֻöμӻ֡
ѧһ룬оҶƽʼŰ취ڲˣڻ᲻ҶƽĶҶƽ齭ص񽻵ϣûп˼
ѧһ룬е϶еģοȴǲһϵܵˣҪάԭĵλҪͽϵĸɲվһҲǽϵ˰
ϼǽĵģȻǽϵˣ֮ǰ뽭û˿ĹϵΪֹŽĵļͼ칤뽭ϵϵȻҲΪŲ鴦ĸɲְȨ
һУ¬źҦҵ˾Ե·ȥӭϣͼԶλԷĵֳǳӡÿһģִܵʵӦܵôߵ
ǸոļΪһίίȫʡ˵ְǲԵģְȨȴǺأ뽭ϵУͼԶȻǶмӡ
ڳԷĵڣѧѴ˴ν֮е˼һ£ǷҶƽָģҪǵϼŹСӵ飬ϣķϡ
ѧһ飬ĿģҶƽвŵһЩ飬Ȼ뼾Զͬϵĸɲ֮ҲһЩСĦĹϵȽϺãԶյİʡίҲǶһģյĽˡ
ֻҪȥ뼾Զ֮俴ǷǳĺҶƽвţȻάĸɲ뷨һвüԶһΪĻвŸˡ
Զյ֧֣ǱЩרˣһЩû㱨ͽʵʩ̣˾ͻᷢͻˣ˷ͻȻúܶЦ˵ǽĵĸɲڲڧ֪˿϶ġ
Ȼϵܺãʸ񣬰йȥһ٣Ҫģʡίίǰ̧ͷġ
֪ѧеĿģԶȴǲ˽£Ϊǵϼ£ǵϼûʲô
ѧʵ֪ҶƽĿľ鴦вţΪҶƽûȷָҶƽĿľ뿴һѧù⣬һжϳѧϵǳʲô
ѧȻҶƽҪȴ֪Ҷƽò鴦вΪ鴦ϼֻŻ
ڽдһҹڶ죬ѧǴȥ˽ءвһŵ̳ӭ߱׼ӴѧһУͬʱиԶһ绰ѧʲô˼
ԶҪϼ£ҪʲôšһҪϼвһôܲţڼԶǰֲ˵ʲôֻΨΨһ£Ҷ˵绰
֪ѧԵǲϼ֮вŸоԼЩΣգ϶ҶƽȥԺרѧģѧڵϼĹ̵з⣬ô죿
뷨ֹһҪֹһüԶæͬʱ뷨ѧͬ
вһ룬ѧסд֮ǧټѧǰתƣֺٰѧѧȻˣǹҪµԵúУвǰææȥģ˵ǣæģ


1239 г
вѧǰֺٰãѧ˶еⲻȥˣвȻææȥðѧźˡ
ѧΧŲϼչ飬صϾٱϼչģϼεϼίǵģϼĺǴģϼûо⣬Щĵ鷶Χ
ЩҲвĵ⣬ѧЩǣֹѧЩֻŰ취ѧõӡȻչǣ
ѧԱΧչ飬ϼҲʡί˽й̸ʡίˣȻϼƽʱȽţţҲ󲻹ʡίˣֻװ˵Լʲô֪ûκεľ⡣
ͨΧĵ飬ʡί˺ܿϼسڽ蹤̵£Լϼεؼίǵ¡вйء
ӵʡίԱϱѧɻͷ顣вȻԼǰææȥ֪ôˡ
ϼ֮ԻֵԽԽϲϵؽгĿӦָвŵģһŰвŲ̄һЩ˵ĿġìͷٵвţôͻЩ˴ﵽĿġ
вţֻѲϼ鴦ˣƺҲ׵ϾϼȻҪǣвţһѵ⣬ؼҪҪвţ
вŲһίǣطͷȻЩȫʡ鴦ίҲ֮٣ҪһίǣҲ
ѧϸ飬ͬʱҲڿҶƽŸ£Ҷƽһʲô˼ҲҪǵ֮һҶƽôǣǼίίԼľϣʹòҶƽͼҶƽҲܵҶƽҶƽ飬ѵҶƽ
вڰֺٰѧͬʱȻΰƽ飬Ҫƽѧʡί쵼ûдǲܵģ쵼
вһ绰гԶѧĶ򣬲ѧԽصķչŪĻ̻̣ĿĲȥίǲܸˣ᲻ĺ˵
Զѧĵһʱͷԣ֪ǲҪвţвİŽأҼζҪвţвųʲô⣬ɻӰ쵽ǣ
ʱһв˵㿼ǵҲʡίвŸ鴦ˣɴ»СС»ˣвŴӽŸҲвŵʡί
ǰ˵βвų£ѧһܹؼĹؼֻѧ飬ڳ־ʧأ޷вű
вŵĻ㱨֮󣬼ԶֱӸѧ绰˵һ棬ܲѧӵĵ绰֮󣬱Ǹ߼ԶԼڽ벻
Զ󵱼ʾԼϹȥȥЩҪ˵һ˵ѧһû˵ʲôǴӦҪ
Զأвźѧ֪⣬û֪ģѧԼһΪƫԶĵطԷ
طвר͵ĵطشǣһɽ֣ķӳɽ֮У羰ǳΣŲٵǮ˵ѡ
вŵȻҲǿطֻҪ쵼ʱŻǵԣʲôɽ亣ζеģͨķ겻֪Ҫǿٱ
ѧûдѧԹΪѧûдӦԣֻдһЩ㷹Ȼһֱ湦ԵҪʮϸ񣬲нӴ
ڼԶͼԶһطԷˡԶҴҸĿ֪ѧϵȽУǽϵҪԱѧȻҲǽϵĹԱûѧϵУĹϵǸһЩ
֮Ĺϵֺ΢ȻͬΪĸɲ֮оĶҲһ˰ﲻһЩ
Ļܴǲְģˣв飬֪ʲô̬ȣͲвų£ôпԼ֣ڱҪѧ̸ãвĳ¡
ѧķ꣬ȻԶûֱӶ˵ʲô飬ǲµò࣬вӦˣʡί˽פأɻᾪ˵вˡ
ѧѾϰΪˣԶһȽˣұգЩ֪ģͬΪϵɲ໥֮Ƿǳ¡
ҪüԶǷһ飬Զ󲻳棬ҪҪвŻ治˵вţܸˣĻҲǷһ顣
вſԶ֮ȻǷǳСģڼԶѧǰææȥȫûƽֶԼָʹ̬ȣԵʵС̫࣬һ࣬ڵĺܡ
֮󣬼Զѧȳŵ˵ίطˣϲܣຣ
ѧһЦ˵ط鷳гвˣûа취ʡ쵼ţֻ߶һ£¡
һѧ˵ʡ쵼ŵ£ԶĿһ˵ί࣬ʡ쵼ҲǶطػҪлʡ쵼Ĺػ
ѧһЦԶ˵Ǳʡ쵼ػ϶ʮֵĹģʡίҪ쵼ػǾͲһˡ
вԱˣֻ΢Цҿ˵ǵżԶڲƽѧʵ׼ͼѧȡѧȫ飬ѧ̫ϤͲȥֻܼڼԶϡ
ԶѧгһĵһԶвųȥ׼һ»ʳʲôģʰвŸ֧ʹȥˡ
вŻ⣬˳ȥֻʣ¼ԶѧˡһвˣԶ˵ϵܣþûһȾˣҪȸʹ죡
ѧЦгľһȡ
ԶҲЦȻȴǺصϵܹȻʹ찡вһܸɵĺͬ־ڽ˲ٵĹǰĽãϱ˸һͻˣϼ±ҲǸʲô£ڱһв߻ϼͱʮ˵ĻˡڻץⲻţĿľҽأǺÿЦʡ쵼ģϵ飬ϣϵ鰡Ҷв˽ģ˷ǳϵܶչһ£


1240 
ԶĻѧ֮΢΢һЦԶչвСܰвܵϽصίżԶĹ͡
ѧڴ֮ǰȻûпǹ飬ΪеȽϸӣЩ˶ͨıµģΪеĸɲʡռҪְ̫࣬ҲԽĵĸɲԣҪ붯еĸɲͲò࿼һЩʹвʶûн飬ҲҪǵ
ڼԶһ棬Ȼ֪ԶǽегȻȲĵλȫʡĵλ˵ѾСˣɽǰ;ǳã֮ǰ֮ҲŽ飬ڹвŵ˵飬ȻҪˡ
гʡ쵼ԸģҾȫ£չҪʡ쵼иȻʡ쵼ͨġѧһ˵
Զһ֪ѧʲô˼˵ϵʲôҪľ˵вЭãҲϵΪѣûʡ쵼ｻ
ԶѧȻг˵ˣҾ;ȥˣʲôҪһв˵ģ黹Ҫһ㣬ѵˮһҲ룬Ҫвͬ־׼
һѧ˵Զһ˵뵽ʲô̶ȣ
ѧ˼һµҪһؼ
Զһ˼һµ᲻ǣܹ㣿
ѧЦȻһİɣصȶһ뷨չ˵ģгΪѡ
һѧ˵Զ֪ѧôˣֻҪвţͲʲôӰ죬вţҿ϶룬ѧҲȫΪвţҲԼĿǡ
̸һᣬ˰СʱвŲŻѾ̸ˣżԶѾѧˡ
ԹԺѧдвűҼԶһһôв֮󣬼ԶǸͷҲϼһ£֪ȤҪƲ֮ĹϵȻѧð죬ãͲõˡ
һԶвͷʱһ£ʡίһҪϼˣȻϼֹϵôƲأ
ǼԶ˵ˣ˵ٱסϼˣȻҪ׳һͲȻֻӼԶȥҲϼ̸һ̸
ڼԶ֮вȥϼϼʱûбίԱɣ̸껰֮ȥˣѧҪвʱ䣬Ҳϼʲô˵Ҳһ鷳£ʱûа취ץסСβ͡
вϼļһвţϼǼæӵ˵вţҪң
вźһߵɳԱ£˵ϼܿˣ
вţϼʵʡίﲻߣ˵Ҹô죿
ϼŵӣвҲ֮ͬģʵϼǰһֱʮģ֮ԻˣΪǸСȷʵ³βˣһʱ֮²Ŷ֣Ϊԭ򣬲ϼŲ˳嶯
вļȻһ˵ϼϵѹܴЩסˣʡί鲻ǲߵģҪ׼
ϼסӽ˵ǲҪң
вһʹصҲҪ׼ʲô飬һסֻҪڣҾͻ취㣬ģʹʡί˴㣬Ҳʲô£Ѿ˺ʡί˴кˣ㲻̫ġ
вŵĻϼһۣͷвŻе˼в˵˼Ҫˣвſסˣ
˵ʡίпҪҴߣϼͻȻʶ⣬в˵Ѿʡί˵ˣǻס˵ʡί˱Ҫˡ
вһȻصûа취ѾǾˣģʡίջҪѰӽмίֻҪ鵽мίͻð죬ǾŬˣҪҡ
ϼһʱĬȻвҲΪӣŵһʶ뿪˽أвίֲסģϣв֮ԹĿľΪʶһ㣬Ǳ̨ʾǣҪвŽҪĿġ
ϼеһƬȻǹһȴ˵Ǻðɣʡί飬Ҫ̺·Ȼǲĵġ
вһӦˣ˵ģһжϺãڣ㲻õģβײ˷ϣȻҲͲˡ
вŰ⻰һ˵ϼٴĬȻͻȻһ־ĸов֮ȻϵĽϣҲŸĴڣʱ˿̣һֻĸоˡ
ڶ죬ʡίԱٴνϼߣͬʱȡжֹܳǽĸسϲߵ顣
ϲһֱֹܳн蹤ϼĺܶ๤̶ǴõģȻתֳȥ׬ȡۣʡίصϼ֮ЩľսҲвŵţҲǿб򶨡
в֪ʡί˼֮ҲûˣֻǸԼеҪԼеҪƣʲôչ˺õģԼ׼
Ȼѧûи߼Զ󵽵׻ᴦ˭ǼԶ֪ѧҪһһ㼶쵼еҶƽϼֻһƼĸɲֻǽȥҶƽȻȥȻҶƽûиôýҲ顣
ôһ쵼죬ֻǽϼһСɫˣҶƽ֪϶᲻⣬һҪһؼɲҶƽ
ϲʡί˴ߺʡίѶǽԼ⣬Ұϼ֮Ľ˳ʡί֮û˵ʲôҲû׷в֮Ĺϵѧ˽ֻ鵽ϲΪֹ
ѧڽŴʮ죬˲ϼϲܻԼְȨ⣬γɽ᰸棬ϲͲϼ˽мί
Ժѧֵ˽УͼԶУԶе⣬˵֮ҲûнʲôȻԵвţҲû׷ȥвţһѧ˵㡣
Ȼвˣвſʡίˣѹϵһʯͷ˿ԳһˣȻʡί˴һ죬ҪеһѹҪԸָʵе಻ԣ
ѧڽгһٷͼԶ֣ǻʡǣ׼Ҷƽ㱨ڽع


1241 ֹ
ҶƽԼİ칫ͷѧ㱨Ŀѧϣ۲ѧ㱨ʱı顣
ѧͷβѹҶƽ㱨һ飬ҪĽ㱨˳˫˽ظسϲͲϼˣ˵Ҳȡ˽ϺõЧ
ѧĻ㱨Ҷƽɵüͷ˽вϼ֮ǧ˿ƵĹϵģѧȴֻϲͲϼ˸˫ˣȴ˿ûдвţʵ
Ҷƽɵ˼ѧںŪԼŪˣҪʹѧƭҲô⵽һʲôҪһ˽⡣
Ҷƽ㱨֮ѧˡȥҶƽ˼еһ⣬صĸɲ˵вϼ֮˹ϵѧȴһ仰ûᣬôѧһ
Ҷƽһᣬеѧǲŵģѧȥ֮󲻿ܲ˵вϼ֮飬˿һ顣
鴦һίǣѧиĻô鴦ĸмɲȴǷǳģһǴˡ
Ҷƽеѧֹܽеļͼ칤Ҫҵļͼ칤һֻʡίڲ¸һ£֤ڹһЩ
ֹܽеļͼ칤һһǳεˣΪ֪һӵĵطһǳε˹ȥĻôеһЩͲܵõ
ڰʡǰҲ˽ˣиɲʡְ߶࣬ԽеĸɲһܺõıãԽԽ𸯰ܵˣԽеĸɲбҪȡһĴʩǿԽеļͼ졣
Ҷƽ˰죬ҲҪֹܰ˸ͼңĳίֹܣ˫طֹܣǺͳίҪֹܣڽеȥֹֻܡ
ôһˣʲôŲ뽭ĵĸɲƺϵô˼ίļѧǽˣֹܽĵļͼ칤ʵǲԵģѧӦرܡ
֮Ҷƽרٿίίᣬͷֹ⡣ҵԱʱǹҪһĵȻ󣬸Ҫֱӷֹܼͼ칤ǿ참
Ҷƽֽ飬ûзʲôԵΪ˵ֻһȨǾҲҪֹܼͼ칤ֹҶƽɺ֣ܳ޷зԣҶƽҪֻܱʾӡ
ҶƽʡίĹϵ̫ӣöദζ죬ôʡίĵλ޷ģ֮Ŀǰ£Ҷƽûа취
ҶƽҲʶˣʡίĵλһγɵģʸǳϣҪӰҪһʱ䣬ҪʡίҪһʺϵλӣĿǰҪǵġ
˼ίίᣬίǵķֹ˱仯ѧٷֹܽĵ飬ֹܽĵĳί綫綫ȽᣬҶƽӴ֮ΪʡίͷȽУܹ־£˱ѷֹܽļͼĹ
綫ѧʱҶƽͼʵֹܽĵĹһ飬ȡôǿ϶һ飬ȡôһɼȴǲԸֹܽĵģΪһͨ죬ֻҪǣһֶͨҵǣ취ƽ顣
ѧĹ֮ҵһԷĵ飬ж£֮⡣֮ǰѧĹϵ綫ϵҲֻûѧǰܣҪ£һ¡
Ӵ綫ЩˣΪһϼͼˣһЩԵģʡίǿܻëƽһëƽʡίûʲô飬պͺǿˣټʡίڲԱĳ⣬ʡίҪһɼǾ̫ˣʡίڲûʲôȻòˡ
ʡίǣһǵָ참칤棬ֱָУֶǰδУ˵Ǹ⽭иɲĸܡ
ֵμӻöμӻЩ²̨μӻ˵ʡί֮ʣҲģ¼ίǣһҪվȣһҪ壬׼ˤͷ
ҶƽŷֹܽĵĹ˵¼ίǶǱȽΣȻΪɶҪֹôҪһطأһֹܣС¼ίһǵ˹ȥȻĿģ˵Сʱת¼ί֮Ƿˡ
綫һ룬еԼһʮֹؼʱǸ¼ίߣǺһСȦӣС壬ѳίȨҪС
Ҷƽ綫ֹܽеļͼ칤֮̽˹뷨ȥһһҪܵģҪñ֪һ֪˵ҺֹˣһҪܡ
Ҷƽⰲ齻綫ʵҲſ˼һѧһֱǷǳǳҺȴһֱΪԩ浽һʲôֵȥ˽ģһ֮ʣҲ˸ŪҪ綫ΰ졣
綫ȥ飬ȴû֪Ϊ̬֪ģǷԵģͿ綫δ
綫ͻȻӵҶƽţһ룬еǳ֣ǽеĸгɲʡ˴γҺ͵İȻ˵ҺʡͷܵһЩ˵żĻҲѡʡίίȥְȨʡ˴ΣǳҺͱϾǸʡĸɲʡͷҲӰģǿɲһ򵥵飬û⣬Ҳûеס
ѧһֱܻز鴦ȴûܳУŸӵ飬Ҷƽܵȥ飬
ûв͸ǽʹܵȥ飬Ҳ˼֪Ͳð˰
綫һʱеѹҶƽ齻ǶһΣȥɣ¶ԲסҶƽΡ
һ룬綫ҶƽѾѧĹȰ˽һͿˡ
İɾٱģôھҪһٱŵһٱ˵Ƿʵȥ϶ٱʵǵǰҪĹҪҪȥһˣȵ˵ΪһȥĿ϶ʦڣ𲻱ҪķԷֻҪ˽һ¾Ϳˡ


1242 ΰ̸
ΰרҶƽһԷԴҶƽ֮ΰǱǷǳҶƽĴڣ˵Ĺʱ䶼ǷǳæµһĻȽ٣ˣΰǵϵʱʱԼҶƽһԷ
ʡί쵼֮һ˹ϵĽ˽µĽ࣬һҵĹʱæϾȥ˽½˴֮ĹϵͬʱΪʡ໥֮仹άֹϵΪˣ˽ˣδᴫһЩԷøһᵳɡ
Ҷƽ֮󣬺һֻڹлʡ쵼棬ʱһ£˽Ҳûʡ쵼йʲô˽µĽЩʡ쵼֮ǰҲʶһʱҲܽʲô˽
ʡ쵼ؼǰԼֹܵĹˣһŶǸƣΪܽ˽ҪΪһȨķţƽ⣬ⲻǸȫģ˽ˣӰ쵽˵жϣɴ
ΰҶƽһ˽ĹϵΪʡίһ֣˭˽Ĺϵ֪Ҳ޷˵ʲô˵Ҷƽǰĺˣ˹ϵһ㡣
ʹΰҲԸñ֪Ҷƽ˽¼£ǰʡί칫һƧԷĵطȻԼҶƽһԷ
ҶƽʱϵΰѾڰˣΪкܶˣ֮Ҷƽһֻΰһˣ֪ΰֻԼԼ
ǣطƧһҶƽЦŶΰ˵ΰԼطеһ԰֣԰һԷĵطΰ֮ǰеǳҶƽԼһԷ
ΰЦЦҶǵһɣطĻ£ԼһԳԷ
ҶƽЦлǣûԷأ
ΰǹЦԱһԷûطĻôܺڵĸɲʧְˣҶƽΪʡίȻûЩܾõ쵼Ӧ࣬ȥԷ͵˿϶Ŷӣǹٵ˭ܰȥپ͵̫ۣͬɲһˡ
˵˵ЦЦһԱ˲ˡΰһƿę́һţ˸ҶƽϡһҪȾƣҶƽЦЦǣ𣿡
ΰǵ˺ȣߺȱһľ
ҶƽЦǣҵľƿɲ԰
ΰǹһЦҶǣͷһο㲻ǫ鰡ҪһƿǺƿ
ΰҲǺھǹʱԾʮֺˬڵʡίԺ󣬾ƾǱȽٺˣǽҪҶƽһ죬ƺӣę́ơ
Ҷƽΰǵ±Ƚϸߣΰǵ˾ƣȻԼϣΰ˱ӡ
ΰԼҶƽһ뽨˽һҲĿġҶƽʡһζذţҪҶƽҪֵġΪʡڹ᳹дʱŸָΪʡһ⣬˲Ž͸߼Ҳ˿սʡģҶƽһӹʡ˹
ΰܿͷ֣ʡڲһһɰеʡίʡľߣͬʱԴڵĽϵɲҲ΢ʣˣҪڰʡ᳹ĸྫ񣬱ҪһЩеҪһ㣬ҪҶƽЭֻҪҶƽ´飬ͻõԲ
ҶƽԼΰǵĿľҪ̸һ̸飬Ա˺ôɹʶȻȡһµжȻ𲽸ı
ҶƽҲʶֻʱûвȡӦĴʩӦһУЩ⣬ûΰǵ֧Ҳǲȡóɹģΰר飬ôųֵİ𲽾ʡο
ΰһҶƽҲʶǰʡڵŹͬʶһǾͲʲôȦӣʡһЩشн
ҶƽʵŶʡίи飬ԱһµûʲôʵɣΪڼίʵȽǿԴΪɽߡһɣ䵽ˣҪ˴Эˣ˵ʧˣڱҪʡίҵһǡɲС
Ҷƽΰ̸̸ʡίΰ֪֮󣬱ʾ֧ʡίи飬Ҫʡί棬һ֧֡
ΰ仰ҶƽͲصʲôˣǰصνеԼôҪ֪ǰʡίڲ壬ڱеһܵãĥһʱ䣬ڹĿչ
˱߳Աģ˽ӽСʱ˶ӾƵ뿪ˡΰҶƽ̸˵Űʡ̳Ҷƽռסǵλá
Ҷƽΰ̸֮󣬱㿼ΰΰǵҪչ綫ȥе£綫û㱨Ŀǰ˵Ҫһȥ飬һ£ʡίͷеεﲻࡣԵ³鳤ĿǰΪֹ㲻鳤û참
ȽϿƺʡίߣܶ˲ѾʡίǣǨĻ᲻࣬µĻԡ
ӦвɲѡһЩ˲ţܵǵĹԣӶﵽƶĿġ
γߣԭιļͼҵĸΣļͼҶԿڹܵǽУ֮ǰ󰸣Ǽίİ참֣ȴڵв湤Ȼ˲
֮ǰҶƽȥģרŴȥĹ۲죬óǿͬʱҲȽϺããİó뷨
綫ȥֻһֶĿ飬ûж綫̫֮⣬һóȴε뷨Ժ
ŰѳŵļͼελϣרŸ齭е飬ܲôͿԴͻƿڣӶﵽҪﵽĿꡣ
ǰѾ˼ͼҵķֹûеͼεѡŵһ¼ͼҵѡͼҵѡҪʡίίоΪȻͼǸļ𣬵ֻƽֻҪʡί֯׼Ϳˡ
ҶƽѼ참ҵεǰ참ңȻѼǰ참ҵĸ˵참ңһ䣬ԱĻԣȻĵҪһ


1243 
ͻȻʡί֪ͨʲôϵϵΤ߲ȻΤ߲Ҫ
֪֮Ҷƽϸһ£˵Һû취ѵĻǿѵģڵһ֪Լǲǲʣ
Ȼ˵ıһǳҪ飬ʡί쵼ˣЩʣñ֪˻ὲЩʲôʱ鲻ܹ˼̫࣬еʱҲҪȨһЩ顣
ʱһʲôҪҪһ˽һЩҶƽһ룬Ӧڼ֮ǰȰ綫йһʣ֪˽ôˡ
һЩܸõ̸һЩ顣綫ʱûȫ˽й㼱æҶƽ㱨һ¡
綫Ȼûȫ˽⣬ǶһЩҲ֪£ٱһС͵Сڽоĵϣܣһ󳧸رˣΪģ̫Сڱ
û뵽óӹر֮ʡίٱܹʮǮ£ԭѧҪ鴦ɡ
Ǵ߼ϽʮǮͲӦرҵǣȴǽҵرˡ
ҵĽǣǰ͸ʮǮʱȷʵǰҪṩṩˣ˲žٱġ
Ҳ˷룬һЩͨĵ绰ӲĻҲܱͨ˵Ļ¸ڵ˲˽оٱҲпܵģֻһ
Ҷƽ綫˽Щ綫Χ˽⣬Ǳȴһֱû˽ΪȽգҵľô˵֪ڳҺһֱӵ˵ǰҪҵнӴ⣬ǷҪҵٱĶԼڵĻ
һгҵԭʱҲ׬ǧл߽ʮǮҲһЩɣΪڽе쵼ɲٮٮߣΪʮǮԸͷ
ŪͱŪ彭Ǵ۸ӵĹϵ綫ǽϵĹԱǰҲܽе飬Խе֪Ҷƽ֮Ҫ飬ҲΪ뽭еĸɲûʲôϸôġ
綫Ҷƽİ칫֮󣬱ѵǰ˽һЩҶƽһ£ҪǣڽеĿڱҲ߿ƼҵٿڵһЩԴȾ͵ҵҪǿйرһЩģСĹҵҵһЩϰĲⱳǲǻܸ棬ȷʵԶ϶ҵڹرԼҵҵ֮󣬳Ϊ˽ɷݹ˾Ĺɶ
ɷ޹˾ǽӪҵܺȫ˴ڽźܴȨƣҶƽȻûеùɷ޹˾ȴҵʵǳۺ񣬺˵ǽе׸ǰʡ׸
ҵܳΪɷ޹˾ĹɶҶƽע⣬ȻԿҵһͶΪ˾ȴ˵ҵĲ֮һΪʮǮȥٱҲ˵ǲģģҵȥٱ
ЩͶʿԴϰ嶼ǲƴ֣ʮǮһٷ㻨ǮΪôһǮȥٱƺЩ̫ˣѵҵűٱ
ܸ鲻ûйÿɲεʱ򣬾ΪֹԷԼͻĳһЩܸ֣ҵǳܸĿٱ¾Ǵԩˡ
ëƽҲʶһЩ⣬Ӷûͬȥѧ᲻Ŀأ
Ҷƽ²ŸĿԣ綫Ҳ޷жϳ浽һʲôİе飬ҲѵģһͨмίϤ˽»ȡģûнмίһߣʲôҲ֪ˣֱȥĻǾͻôģҶƽҪ󲻷ˡ
綫ı棬Ҷƽһûٰʲô飬˽⵽Щ㲻ˣһĹҪϣֻڻûеãҷһš
綫˽֮Ҷƽ֮ԹҶƽҪųҺ͵ָʾҺ;ҶƽίǻǱȽϲģƽҪǿ࣬ƽֹֻ˵飬ȴûŰŪԼһף˳ҺͲֱҶƽ㱨һЩ
һԭǣڽдû˵ʡίҪֹĵ飬ߵϢʡίһֱֻǳҺʹӶѣִɶĹ˺ܴǣƣ޷ĹҶƽһҲ޷ƽȻҲûĹ˲žҶƽ
Ҷƽûмİ칫ʱҶƽŷȷʵǳᣬԼ࣬ҪСһЩ䵣θмɲҲǷǳˣȻ޷Լȡ
ȥ÷ǳţӦһѧ͵ĸɲҺһֱӦ˵źǿģȻҺͲΪͷרԼ
ҲǵһμҶƽҶƽҲһ֪֪Ҷƽǲһ쵼Ҷƽã˵ѧ˵ôͻ鷳ˡ
Ҷƽ֮ǳؽһҶǣҶƽҲܿȻһ
ͬ־ңһɣУֱ˵ҶƽŤͷ˵ֱ˵ʱܱ󣬲ȦӣΪֱ
ҶƽԼ̧ͷҶƽ˵ҶǣԶٱ£һֱûнǱ߶ڴҳµ飬ûҹʡίֱӵңиܵΪô˫ңûôҵףȻ޷ڽйȥ
һͱ˼ҶƽԼ⣬ԭʡίһۣĵĹ鵹һҪΪٳٲۣ˵Ҳ˵˭ҲеһѹȻûͬе飬ѴĦ˹֮һֱͷϣȷʵԲ޷Ĺ


1244 Ա
һڱʾʡίȥȻһȻгûȥˣҲûа취չҪʡίе飬ظˮʯо⣬Ǿ˫ûҪǸԶ졣
ߵӣҶƽҲǸеΣоĻֱԼίǣ˵ԶһпˣΪʲôҪأΪ˱
Ҷƽһ룬ʵͬ־޷粻ˣԶΪʲôҪס㲻Ҫٱ㣿
Ҷƽ飬ʵǲԸ⽲ģΪ˵᲻ãҶƽ˵ˡ
ԶﾭӪһҵڹģСҶԻȾҵرˣ˱һģĴٱңҴûܹǮƣԭֻʶҲΪʮǮȥΥͣôңֻűҾ˵á
ҶƽһԶõ£ĿһӶס˵Զ˸ˣ
ԶСҵڽĵǣ㲻ʲôϰ壬ڸĴٱгû֧ǲܵģڽطˣҲ˵û͸ʮǮˣҲôٱİα
˻һҶƽıһת˵ͬ־ٱǹһȨʹԶֻһСϰգҲоٱȨ˵Ҿٱ˭ͲҾٱ˭飬㻹Ҫȷ˵ľٱ
Ҷƽ˵еصҶǣҽĲ˼Ҳû˵ҪֹٱȨ˵ôһ飬ԶҵľٱʮֿɣһǲᷢģôңԲһ򵥵ľٱӣĿң޷ڽǱ߸ȥȻ׷˽һеıһ֧Ǹ룬ߣ
հԼĲ뽲˳ڽһʲôԼģԴ˽Ժѧʶܸߣֺܸ߰еǰԱǱôðȵ˸г˽оÿĹίԺǰԱǸӼˡ
ΪÿĹίΣŲٵĴĿµҲﲻǴÿĹǣðæ뽭бصĹԱ˺ܴ϶
ΪЩˣ˵صĹԱ֮ģµˣЩԱŹᡣеúԴʮַḻб˵һԴ͵ĳУԴȫеľռźܴλá
һЩ߿Ƽҵı佭Դľ÷չģʽȻ͵صһЩҵͻΪصҵͶʵز;ƵʱܼĿԴͿɽΪУҪеĴʽ𣬶չ¼ҵռЩԴʽ
ԭ򣬵ؼҴӪҵ˽ﶼڴҪߣȥԶڳٱԲǼ򵥵ľٱ⣬ƺıġ
ڴ֮£ܵõгԶΣôͲηЩصҵǼԶ̬ģ֧չ¼ҵʵӺһЩӪҵһЩ͵ĸʯĿÿֻһҸ¼ҵԴǱġ
Զ̬ģеԼĹµͬŲ֧ҲͰˣҪ쵼Ҳ֧粽УֳԶٱ飬ҲסˣҪһʡ쵼˵Լ
ҺȻһֱ֧ǳҺͱϾҪ쵼λˣ˵˲㣬ҪҶƽ
Щ飬ҶƽϸΪǣбعԱ飬ԼԶһЩ飬Ҷƽʡί쵼Ҷƽ˵ˣҶƽҲеΣ˵ˣºüԶ֪ˣڽĴסˣֻܺҶƽ˵ô࣬ҶƽԼȥܰɡ
ĻҶƽҲû̫ϸ£ϵ㵽ֹɣ̫ϸǾͲˣҲ͹Լ̡
ϵʡίµе˶˵һڲţͼҪ㵹ڵĻôǵĿĿܽ뽫ߣҪ壬ͽ
Ҷƽϸһ⣬˵ͬ־Ȼ飬һԿǵģ˵⣬ܺã壬Ȼȥɣһȥĵġ
ҶƽӦԼ뿪İ칫ҡ֮Ҷƽһ룬֮ǰҺ͹ϣҪ飬뱣֪ǮƵĻΪʲôҪʡίأ
Ҷƽת뵽飬ǸеҲãѧʱʹû˵Ļ¸˵Ҳ¸
Ҷƽһ룬óȥ£綫˵ģֻ綫ϾͿˡ
֮Ҷƽûȥ飬ȰԱ˵ҶƽԼμӻƽͷǼһ顣
൱ٿһͷᣬҶƽѼټ֮󣬱ҪԼίڲԱһµ䡣һĿʱԱҪһµˣҿЩԱҲҪõΣܶһȽϺá
ȱ̬Ҷƽǿ̬Ҫһ⣬˵ЩԱҪõΣʲô˼
Ҷƽһʶ⣬Լʱ䲻Ҫ˵Ļ϶ϤôµȨֿ䵽ֹ֯ţҪʲôʲô˵㣿ȻվȨԼԼ˽ҪȦס
Ҷƽɨһ˵ԱҲˣֻƽ໥һλӣϴηֹ࣬Ŀôһ¸ڣȻһһطʱһˣ͸ˣбҪһָڣеͬ־ԸԭĸλˣҲ᲻εҪһ´ҵ˫ѡԸ˵ĹԸеǽһ£º֯ȥԱȻк䡣
ҶƽӣûͬνҪԱ֮ڨڨˣ˳ҶƽĻ˵ռȨҶƽᣬԱ俴ûлˡ


1245 չ
ܣ˵ʡίˣ㿴ô죿һǼƵһһװֵ˵
ô죿ô죬ʡί˹㣬һҪ˵һηǵȥɡװֵ˵
װֵ˵֮תͷһ۾˵飬ллϢ
һˣԶǸװֵɷݹ˾ܺǸгԶϡ
ܣϢҦǵҵģһ͹ˡϵ˵
ǽлͷԾӣȻ飬ҪѷһڽеĹԱ֪ԶȨ٣Ҳǳĺܡ
ҦҵƨɺȻҦҵίԺԺⲢ˴ŷǳܵĹϵ
лл飡ֵͬ˻һ㣬ϣͬһշߵزϰڣľصĹԱ򽻵Ҵ˼ҲۿʼͿʼͶʣȵ˼ϸλͿʼջˡ
ˣʮӣгԶϱ˿СǰС飬кܶ鶼ǼԶ󲻺ó棬棬νǼԶĸ
Զ￴źϣһɽֹݵӣڽи㲻ʲôȴύҲˣһ飬е֡
ܣ飬˵᲻ʲôⰡԶ˿ˣЦЦ˵
һ˵ʲôڣͲ£ֻҪܰһ󹦣ǿǾõ֣ʱȥˡ
һԶϲл˺ܣһ
װֵȥЦݣһ˼״˳ΪЦ滢ƽʱЦЦǺǵģֶȴǺݡ
飬ߣȥȥ̸飬극ϣһȥƵ¥һСɣðĦһᣬҲϰ飬ЦһˣԶЦ뿪
ŵ˽УҶƽͻȻļͼҵһ£ЩʼϲѾĻ䣬ڵλϸɵˣû뵽Ҷƽϰ참һߣط顣
ڽеȻϤģԭһֱֹŽе飬ԽеһЩָƣ˾ٱй־ֳԶҪеʱʡίͻȻˣһȥҹȥˡ
Ȼʱеǳ֣Ǻ֪ʲôԭ˲ټȥԶΪֳֹغͿɽȨѬ죬ڽֿȣһˣǿ϶ҪŷյģԶĹϵڽл˵ǽеĸɲʡͷҲͨҲ׵ĺܡ
ҶƽէȷʵͬǵҶƽʲô˼Ҳ̫壬˴ԱҶƽ̸˻ȥļͼҹһʼЩԸ⣬ΪϰڵеӣҲȥ참ŷȥģ³ɽȥ참ЩԸ⡣
ǣҶƽԺ̸ָ참ʡίҪԣ˵ԽеǳϤȥֹܽĵİ참ʣһҪ
Ҷƽ˿ǿ֮ԽҲ뵱ĽйأΪԶ֪Ҫ֮󣬺ŵظ˻˵б¾ץڽĵš
֪֮ͷҪ׼ȥԶͱ˰참λûְȨˡϰ참ţȻҶƽȥһ飬ͷȴΰԶ
ʱԶѾûյȨƣڲСĵ˺ڵüԶŪչˣ鳤£ȱǮ滨Ƶأһǧ𣬰пſ󳧣ĺܡ
ȻԶѾ뿪˹ֳλӣǳȴԸŹһУִҶƽָ⣬׼ŰռһԶ֤ܵݣȡԶ
ҦҵмίӴʶ֮ȻԵ÷ǳ׽ҦҵίڽдһȽεĵλǽУԺ󣬳ڹϵԭȲ뵽Զ˵Ȧ̫ͬʱҲ̫Զ̫ίû취չҲ̫Զǻᱻżҡ֮УȻǻЩʧݣ޷ȥһЩ顣
İӣҦҵҲ֪ôһ£ʡί㱨ǿ϶˹עģڽеʵһ澵ӣΪýеĸɲ̫ԶǴһƬˣ˵ʮǮһһǧ򶼲˸
ڳЩ֪˼ǹһʽ
ҦǣĹôҦҵȽ˽⣬ûбܿҦҵ󣬰һ¡
Ҧҵ˵ͷųƴɣܸɣȽϰԵ׵ˣԶٱұѹµģǺ֪ôŪʡίˣ˵ҪǺûнУһγǲˣ
ûֱӻش⣬ֻ˵ɣҦǣιΪҪҪһףôǲ黹ǲ飬һֱţֻһܵ飬Ҫ̫ţС
Ҧҵһ˵ҿ鲻ײ壬Զֱָ϶Ƿϵģһβ壬϶һʺͿˣʡί飬һףҿġ
ͷ²ôһǻһЩʵǻ˽⵽ģ⣬Ƿ⣿Уͺðˣϲˡ
ҦҵǻûнӵйľٱûⷽǰҲֻΧԶ֮Ĺϵչ飬һûʲôɵ㡣
ǾΧԶչ飬ԶһҵΪʮǮٱȷʵǷǳΣⱾһܴɵ㣬ǲܷŹһˣҲԩһøɲҦǣһЩӾҪ鷳æˣ벻ǽмί֧֡
ҦҵЦΣ㿴˵ģˡ


1246 ϵ
Ҷƽμ˼ʡίίᣬʡίϵҲ˽ˡΰ߼Ҳ˵Ĳһ£Ҳû˷˵ȥǷǳгġ
ҶƽҲǷһЩ⣬ǾǰʡصĳίȻûзΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˵Ҳûл֧˵оЩƣôԾ뵳Уѧϰûл֪Ժһʲô
ΰǺ͸߼ҲȻҲǾ쵽⣬˵ĵܿñصĸɲܵһΣΪ֮󣬲ȡԶǵߣʡҲǱسˣǴġԭǵʡһ㶼Ǳسʡίġ
ʡίǺʡģյλӵģûгɹɻǸеһΣУ԰ʡڱ䡣
ڳΰǺ͸߼Ҳĸɲ⣬ֻҶƽɲ֮£ΰҲֻҶƽһЩ飬⣬͸߼ҲҲ±ع뷨ƶչȻϤظɲȡµĸɲ顣
ҶƽΰҲ̸˻һЩʶھ׼ͻƿڣȻγһ϶µĺӶðʡľ淢һת䡣
֮ǰҶƽûаĿȫ׼Уֻǲϼע⵽˽ģΰ̸֮󣬱ҪҪľ׼ˡ
ѧȥ˽İ죬ֻ˽صĸسϲͲϼȴûжвűôܲǳڹϵĹϵñʾʲôѧѾε֮УѾֹܽĵ飬綫ֹܣ˵ĹҲе⣬ϣڳϡ
ڽдһڣǸԶнйһԶһίϲؽ˵˶Ǯ˶ٶٷ޹˼ɵؿ
ûȥԱ߹ۿȴǸеԶĹ֮Ϊл˵һǲûκι˼ɵܻߵģΪΪлߵһҲǻϵָأʮǮȷʵˣôҲҪܵϵ׷ܵϵĴԶȴ˿ûֹ˼ɣĿʲôأ
Զ˲˵ǲ֪ģֻһֲ²⣬Զ򱳺һ֧֣˾˭Լֵ֧ģö֪ȻͲýһЩ顣
²ǲ֤ܵʹõģԶϣིȻ֮£ǲིܰġ
еҲȽͷʹҶƽ飬һףԶֱӿܻ¸Էϣһ˵Уһ˵ûУô죿
ѵĶָԶ˵лĶԶ˵֮ԻлΪʱҪһɿ֤ṩæˡ
һ˵飬ȥ飬Զȷʵһ֤ȥˣҲڹرԶ֮
һųԶɿ֤޹أҲܾʹ϶޹ءŽһĵ飬֣ȷԶڴ֮ǰй£صĻ϶ʮǮҲǿԵġ
̫ɵ²ۣҲûٷĿԣʮǮ϶Υͣƺʡ
һҪôأеΪѣһŰҶƽһҲҪأ½ۡ
ʱۿʼŲķչȻĵģƺûʲôܣ췢飬Ͼ֪ˣıܹ̫ˣеҦҵҲˡ
ֲõϢĶȻ˵ҶƽԼƺһвûеõʡί֮󣬷ø˷ûе飬ϸ׫Ȼ󱨵ʡίȥ鵽»ʵܻʵ
ҲһǾĳ֤ʱ˵ĶǲĻ˳лܶ˵֤ԶôʹΪҲûˡ
ԼԼеЩԾоܵأԽãԽȫǵķԷпܽڵء
еִڵĿԣȻҶƽñ˸ãһЩ˸ɱΣҶƽ֪Ҳеͷġ
æҶƽ˱棬ѵ鳷ȥҵ鵽ˣȻͲƿطΧ֮ˡ
Ҷƽһӵĵ绰еҲЩ֣һ룬߳£ҪͻܳΪõĹߡ
Ҷƽ仰ʱͻȻ߲Ѿ˴Ҫְͣ飬ʡίĵ顣
ϢֱţҪְͣҪʡίʡί׼˭⴫Ϣǲˮ룬ô
ߣѵӽĳ˻ʡίҶƽʽε
֪ҶƽרŽӼȡڽеĹҶƽԺ󣬳ڽĵĹһ顣
Ҷƽ˳ı棬ʶ޷ڽĸȥûܹԶʮǮҲڽĸȥˣѾ˽ĹٳȻôΪʲôô˻˵ĻȻǳ˸еɣʮǮЩ˵ˡ
ܶҲܽ᰸ǳȥ˽İóһۣҶƽû˶Ϊ˽֮һЩ飬ڰбȽûгִ⣬֮޷ȫ飬ΪܵһЩ˵ĸţʵòˡ
鲻壬ѾеǷ꣬Ͽʼָʡίٳٲ˫棬һЩĳԹȺҲ˺壬Ϊǹٹ໤ʡίΪһ̰ң⡣
ҶƽϿЩϢǸеǳأһЩԹϵȺڲʾֱףǺ磬ܻ˱˵ĵ䵱˱˴ֵĹߡ
ЩϵҲ˵˽ڱ飬ʡίʩѹ¾İȸ˫˫£ճȴǺѡе֤ݣֱ϶ܻߴźܴĲ֮ôôһݳ־磬˳˫ǻһԩ


1247 ɱ
Ҷƽڰ칫ļΤ߲߽һʡί칫ÿһλίͨҶƽùһдӳֻдţигڽ¥ڽе顣
һͨҶƽͻȻһ£Τ߲ԸСΤϵһǵ飬һûʱ䣬һ档
Τ߲ȥϵΰǵ飬Ҷƽȴһ˼ͻȻʱ¥·Σ˸еʹģʡίûҪ˫棬ȻٳûۣڱģΪʲôʱ¥
йԺ󣬳ڹ㣬һֱûסڽļԺ棬ס˾棬ǴԼסĵط¥ˡ
ͻһҶƽеЩѹԼĻȥ£᲻᲻ô
Ҷƽΰǵİ칫ңΰǵȻѾ֪飬Ҷƽ߽󣬱ȽأҶƽ˹ȥ
Ҷƽ֮ҪΰǵĿѵΰǻ㱨һ£ΰ˽Ȼһ½е
ΰǿ󣬺һ𣬰ѹصҲ˵ˣʡ˹ȥ¥϶Ϊɱӽʧߣкص֢״ȴһҲ֪оʢʵһֱֲܵʹţѡַԼ
ϢҶƽһʱеЩȻʡίĸоһǳˣҲǷǳʢӱϿ˿쵽ʲôϵëϸһĥоʱȷʵЩıЩ̫ˣҲЩͷ˸оһţǼĸоʱûʶ⣬һȴôһָо
ȫ˵֢״ƺЩףѵ뵱ǰίû˿ϵ
ʱΰȴһ˹Ǵİ칫ͷҵһţǸʡίдһţҪǶ˵һЩԱ硣
Ҷƽӹõϸؿһ֪֮ǰ˳ֵ׼ģЩڽеĹһȻֽԶٱ£˵ԶȫܸݺƺֶԶĹ޷ڽ㡣ЩżߵһڱЦ֪ԼһЩ˵·ҲһЩ˵𣬵ϣ󣬱˲Ҫ̰ηɱ
дñȽϿУҲȽϴģŲ֪ȻǻֵȫǷ꣬ƺ־дʱȽ磬ʱдĻôӦд֮þɱֱڲŻ¥˵
طΪɱҪԭص֢״Ϊ־ûбҪΪʡίûҪ飬Զ״ȫ֮£¹ţûбҪô
Ҷƽ֪ЩҲǸеصķһĵɱԭ򷢲Ͽ϶Ϊôһ£Ϊһηɱ˵ıкĻǱɱҲ˵˾Ͳûñ˸Ƶ¥ɱ
ĴǺģҲϰַʽԱɱ⣬ʵɱ˺ܶ࣬ҲŸָԭ򣬲϶ǺԭɱԱɱ˵
嵽ϣɱʵ֢Զٱ飬Խһ֢ʡίҪʵҲ֢һֱ֣ΪΪһ˵ҪȥֱʡίҪԼʵѹ֢صĽ
ƽеڿǳĸӣͷԽĵĹٳָҲΪԼ˱ףԶٱ鱳һãҪúõشһ⡣ΰһ룬Ҷƽ˵
Ҷƽüͷһ˵ǣʡίͬ־Ѿ˽⣬һЩҪǽıصĹٳǳų⣬ڰеʱֺö˶ɣȷʵһЩ⣬Ϊ˱Ƚϸ߰˵ĹϵǿӲ˶࣬ЩӦȫͬ־˵ȱ㣬Ӧһµˣܶ˲ϲֻ˵⣬ͬ־кҿҪҿһЩĸӣҪίǹȥýеĹٳôᡣ
Ҷƽһô˵ΰǵ˵ƽͬ־˵ĶԣھҪƽĹٳİ״˭ȥнҦҵĹ
Ҷƽóȥ˱ȽϲҦҵڽĴʱ̫ηηţ޷򿪼ͼ칤ľ棬óȥ켸ƯİӣýĵĹٳһڹƽȻȻˣûκ壬Ҫס
ΰ˵ͷ˵ƽ㽲ĺãǲֱӳΪһֹȥʽȻ˵ڲΪָκˣͬ־רŹҽ⣬˵ûйĺΪβĵĹٳǹͬ־ƺûʶϣʲô⣿ίǲԤϵᷢҶ֪źص֢ô֪ҸҪ˶𣬶һ뷢ĸԭ򡣡
¥ɱԺ󣬾ʡΰ˻㱨Ǹг쵼ӳԱ쵼ӳԱ£ίǣȻҪһ£ʡίǻ㱨һԼ̬ȡ
ʡίίΰǵȻȽϿڻǽϵɲĴ֮һΰҲҪ˼ɵһ㣬ûнֻ˼һڽеľ⣬ҪӸϿɱԭ
ʱΰǵ֮һʱĬûнʲôʵԭڽְڽĵĻڽͷԶȨǱȽѬģеĳίϵУίʲôĶŷǳܵϵԺȻŵһԱȴżԶΪԶıգȻĹϵܺãһȻǸеģϾڰʡ̳ôֻ꣬СնԿ
ԭֻάŵǰľ棬뼾Զ֮䱣һֺĹϵϾͬΪϵԱֳìܾǲˣٶҪ˼һ¶Է⡣


1248 ͵
λΣֲýƾ֣ʱڵУѧϰѧϰĻһ£ǲҪѼԶŵĵȥһ֣
ԶίǵģǷǰ˵գԶȻ̫ȻԳ£ҲԻ£һ֣»ϵԱɳֻǰżԶΪгζ֣Լһ£ɾƵʧء
նԼԶһֱǳͣԶҲǰ֣ڼԶ󱳺һЩ飬յǲʱһҲܸеԶһЩԸȱݣ˷һȰ˵ȥˣʷ˭ȥеίǺʡ
Ͱ˳ǵУͬѧΪ˱ȽϳأرȽϿ̼ԶȽϰˡ
֮ǰ뽭ϵĹԱûжԨԴȻ֪ûжٹϵҪͬ˵ԼĵϵǰˣճҪ˳̨ʱԼˣҲһ¡
ڿ֮ͬ˷ȥеίǣݹΪʡίίȻⱳҪյ֧֣ԼĴЭǲߵλӡ
Ͻίʡίί֮󣬵ȻеǳˣòԼԶĳƢ֪պͷνί֮ͷǷǳûǰɧҲû֮ĸ̫ҲһʵҲǱղɧԶҲֻˣԹԼгҲԸĵȥίǡ
ԶǱΨҶֻװƣɼԶΪֻҪպίߵˣˣܹʵһ¼ԶĻֵ֧ġ
ʵǶԼԶһȻ˵ɱʵϽĹٳ˲֪֮϶϶ܴίΣʡίģԶûԼһȽϹһ֮ͻᷢһЩͻüԶʮֲˬ
ٱɼԶĻ֣ȻԶĿŵؾٱզйԱֹأȻٱǵ˵Ȩǳ֮˹ʣһֱŪʡίɼ˹˼ɵԶ
֪֮󣬰ҦҵдҦҵҲ֪ôģȥûнۣͱʡίˣʡίһʼ˵飬˵飬ȥˡ
һЩ飬ԼĿ鷢ͣӰĻǼԶܾʹüԶ뿪У˵һܺõ顣
֮ΰǻ㱨飬ĿҲȡΰǶΣǽϵɲͷλȹ̵ˣҪΰǵ֧ĵλʹ÷Ҳ
Ҷƽΰ˰죬ҪȥеμίǵľҦҵʡίǽжԵ
ҦҵʡίɲҪӳλӣļͼҲһǳҪλӣλҦҵҪʡίڲһɲӳλӡ
֮ҶƽصʡίոջصʡίΤ߲Һе绰Ҷƽºӣ˳Һ͵ĵ绰
ӵҺ͵绰ҶƽҺ͵ĵһ仰ǣҶǣ˸İ
ҶƽһʱԶԣֻ˵صĵ飬֤ͬ־¥¥ɱǰͬ־ص֢¥ɱ
ҺҶƽ˵һŻ˵˵ǰ飬˵Щ˶Ⱥ
벻ҺҲ֪ˣЩ治סģдŵôóҺ֪ˡ˳Һ͵ĻҶƽеҲǲýͣȻ˵ˣǷҲúܶ˻ɰϲ֪ʲôˡ
Σ͵İϣܽڰ˳䣬ʲôҪ󣬿ֱӸңһᰴķԸõġҶƽڳҺǰǳĿΪʶҺһǳ˴ΣҺʹʱ϶ҲڻûΪ¥ɱ
ʲôҪ󰡣Ѿˣ˵ʲôҲûˣллҶǣһͷӵҺȥǳ䣬ԼľͲǺܺãַ飬ɻеʹġ
ͳҺ͹Ҷ˵绰ҶƽҲǸеܣ飬ûΥ͵Ϊ˸еʹģϾǿɹģһܶ޷ˣʵû֮ǰŽΰǽУһ˭֪ûüͷ飬˸еһѾ
Ҷƽڰ칫ͷ飬Ȼ򿪵ԵҳһıһҳǷ¥ɱţĺֱ⣬Ե˸еĿġ
ŲǽкͰʡϢվһϢ棬¥ɱ飬һ֮ǰ˾ٱԼܵί顣һôұΪһηɱһܹԱһ̰١
ϵ۱ǳһߵ֮ƣԹϵȺǳУʱȻǲŹ飬˵Ǵ̰٣˵ŮˣϰٱҲŮվٱ˵޶ѹա
˵ʲôĶУڳԹȺڵһ£ȫ˽֮ǰٱ鱻εطŴ󣬽ȫ
ҶƽЩǸеΣǻ˸е˷룬ۻңýִƲӶһŤ
Ҷƽŵʱ򣬽һٷķ˵Ϊض֢¥ɱġ
ⲻ˵ãһ˵ǸϵķˣֱָĹٷظڿڵЦ⵽ٱ֮ɱģھȻ˵ǵ֢ɱģⲻǿЦ
ϵͱ÷ǳýˣΪԾٱɱģôǵ֢ˣⲻƭ
ɱ֮ϵڰһ̰٣Ȼ˵ҲǶôĺãΪһظȴǱһشˣ˿ʼֱӹ˵ڹΪߣڸһЩ飬ҪίŲΪˣͲĸΪìͷȻҲָ˼ίš


1249 ί
зϢҶƽеʼϲҲʡίʡеǳ֢飬ҪҪⷢʱзûΪҪ̬ķչ̬չãǾͲܷϢôҾΪУ²µ顣
Ȼ֢ģ֣Խ飬ԽԸţȥЩһЩԵϢ˵ȴǲ࣬ڵʱЩһЩڸı˼ԲݣͬʱҲһЩпѱ硣
ΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˿֮󲻽ЩûϱʡίͷԷϢϻȻȻǷʵʵģǷʱԣӰ쵽֡
߼ҲɰѼԶеԼİ칫ݺݵ飬Զվڸ߼ҲǰȻҲ¸߼ҲǸ߼ҲҲҷֻŸ߼ҲɰѪͷ
ԴͻȻɱ֮󣬼ԶͷҲǳһû뵽Ȼɱˣ͵ΪʲôҪɱԶûɱĸɱһ⣬ȻΪʲôɱ
ȻΪʲôɱɱȴǶõӰˣΪڽľ˽֪֪֮ĹϵͣͻȻɱȻ˿Ϊܵ˾ٱڲ˿ȴΪвȣѹɱˡ
żƲ飬ôΪɱڵ֪֢֮󣬱ǰԱⷢϢ֤֮ɱΪص֢ûκεĹϵԽҲһЩ
ԶҲǶԵģԵ޹ɱˣҲһʵɣṫڿ϶ɽصĸΪϾֻһгΪܵɱˣһΪɱĿ뱣ˣ˹һ
Ļìͷпָ𣬵ɱ֢ĻôŤתӰ졣
ûϵǣ۵뷨ǶֶģȻƲ飬ȴ˸еԽĨԽڣΪˣٵĻڸ顣
ϵüԶҲʼϲȵ֮ѾˡԶҲǸеܻ˹ԣЩϵ˲ȴǲţϢʵԡ
Զø߼ҲɺݺݵһԺȥˣ˲СĳȻһЩô뷨ѾĹίһְ뷨УȻµĹίķԸ
֪ԺҲרŸ˵绰һ˿֮⣬赲Ƶϰˡӵĵ绰Զȴǲû̫ˣΪԭ뷨ֻǲû
߼ҲڰѼԶ֮󣬴绰ʡʡϢƽʱ֢й֤Ϣģ˵ѡ
ʡĳƽϢһۣΪҿй֢ˣǻ˲ţ˾һЩƫִˣ϶ʡҲΪϴأΪƯס
ûɣʡϢӦǷǳȨˣʹɣҲǵȨЩ
ɼίΪʲôе飬ҲѼίŪ˷˼ϣҶƽ֪֮ȻҲҪǣûʱ޷ε飿
Ȼ飬ԶӦǷǳԶҧţίҲûа취
ڴ״֮£ҶƽֻסϵۣȻŴӳ飬ؽеȻһ
ҶƽȻչһЩ̸Ҫеμίǵ顣һҶƽ뷨ȻЩûԤϵӼͼ·ŵ浣μίǣһãֻġ
ҶƽȥһңָеҶƽʱȥһģո¥ɱǶԽе˵硣˵ʲôҪǵ˽еμίǣκذ
ҶǣҵеμίǣҸеϵκذһҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ֣صض˵ͬ־ΣһЩ⣬ҪȥеĪ㵽֮һҪעѼһЩʱЩӲһ飬ϴβһسһίǣҾ黹ûв壬п漰Ҫ쵼Ժȥעһ顣
Ҷƽѽصһ£вŵһֱвžԲûκε飬ѧȴûвŸ
˵ͷҶƽĸ߶ΣɲҶƽôûбҪȥˡ
ҶƽΰѾ飬ھʵ⡣ΰΪµר͹̸˻
֪ΰеļίǣҲΪ֮һʡίҪɱ¼ӦˣĻɻҶԽйٳĿǰһֲɡ
ίǻˣҾͻǲԭļίǹǰԭļίǸߣҲԷǲԭļίҪɱҪԭļίǸߡ
ֲɣǷģ۵ĸ֮ǲôôɣҦҵҪǱˡ
ûзԣҦҵ󻻵ԶһЩѹӶƿؽίͬʱҲ֪ʹҲֹΰǵжΪΰǰйһڼίԱϣʡίźܴĻȨʡί֯
뼾ԶĹϵҪһЩΪͼԶһյĹϵȽУڽзҲǱȽϹģΰ˷Ӧ˼һʲô
ʲô֯Ҳ޷ֹҦҵ󱻵ߣΪŪһؼë˭ҲҶ˵ʲôһΰǵİţ뷨ȹѹء
Ҧҵ󲢷ǽϵԱĺԱ뽭ϵԱһЩϵڽĹĸɲǽϵĹԱŴеģûִУʹĽҲûá


1250 ҶҪ
νмί֮ǰҶƽ̸˻еԼϵĵͦصģΨŬܲҶƽˡ
֪֮䣬ҶƽѾʡ£Ȼô£ɼʡĸԣΰǺ͸߼ҲɶҲǸеȽϳ
ʱ򣬰ʡί칫ӵа֪ͨҶҪʡ칤밲ʡ׼
ΰһ˵ҶҪӲ칤ȻǲҴ⣬רٿʡίίᰲ飬Ҷƽӵ֪ͨҲʡίίᡣ
뵳Уμѧϰģ֪ҶҪʡӲ칤ϴ򱨸ҪӴΰǵ֪ȻμӶҶĽӴ
Ҷƽ˵ҶҪʡӲ칤ЦҶλ֯һ׳ұۣҪ˵ʡ֪߶ӣЩλϸߵĵ֪ίԱʡе֪ҲҪӭ׼
Ҷǣ׳ҪеæˣǰʡĹǳӰʡίҶƽԱߣЦŶҶƽ˵
ҶƽһۣЦ˵ǣǰʡĹȷʵӣͬʱҲӡ
ǺǵЦһ£ԵúܿģҶҲ˴ҶȻҪ˽һõҶĳϣһǴлˡ
Ҷƽ˵ӣﲻ΢Цһ£Ҳǰʡظɲǲڽϵɲ潭ϵĸɲ潭ϵɲ潭Աʡͳơ潭ҲһؼУоǲԶˣ潭еĹԱȽ㣬ʮҲвٹԱðͷͷʡ쵼ĸλϡ
ں֮ǰǴֹڸʡλϣܽʡίίп˵ѾͻǰˡҺֱӴ潭ίǵλʡίίģΪʡ֮תʡίίģɴҲɼʵ
ڵ潭ίʱڸȻ潭еľʵȫʡ˵޷뽭ȣ֪ȴǲڽģȫʡȫУƾӱյõǿϿɣɹʡίίУ
潭ϵԱγɹͻýϵԱЩʼϲʵʡ쵼ϣҪǽϵԱ潭ϵԱʵǿһֱΪ潭ϵԱԶԶϲϽϵģȻʡɲҲ˲٣ǽʡίίȴһֱûУ潭ϵ罭ϵԱҪԭ
ϵĹԱЩ໥˽ҲϵԱȻѹƣڽϵԱһֱЩ̧ͷΰǺ͸߼ҲҪѹϵԱڿġ
˴ҶʡʶΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˵֧֣ϵԱһ»ܵ˵Ĵѹһ潭ϵԱͻðͷпܳԽϵԱ
ҶƽҲ֪ƽԶ֮ĹϵȻҶƽֹϵҶǻĪṫ̸ҶƽֹϵΪҶǴˣҶƽôᣬߵôߵλӣһĹϵȻôεô졣
Ǵ֪֪ôһ¾ͿˡҶƽ󣬴ҶҶƽǳǶҶƽĶ壬֪Ҷƽֻپһ⡣
ǴҶƽµʱҶƽΰǵĹϵߵñȽϽ˵Ҷƽվΰһߵģôʡ͸пͷˡ
ΪҶƽʡίǣƹܼͼȨȻϵԱ֯Ȩ֯Ƿֹ֯ʡίǣǿ󣬵ҶƽίǺΰվһ𣬽ϵԱҪˡ
ڿʱŻҶƽӽһ£֪ҶƽҶ֮ĹϵΪҶƽĹϿҶ֮κεĹϵֻ֪ҶĵܵҶڰʡеιίǣǸʱҶƽֻһﵣελϵ͵ĸɲ֮Ӧʲô
ҶҶƽֹ֮ϵھǾǺ֪ûж֪ˣҶƽ⼸ҶҵϵҲǱȽ٣ֻڴڵʱŻҶҶǼһ棬һ¡
ϾҶƽƽԶŮٵõҶҵշҶֻҪڹؼʱվҶƽһ߾Ϳˡ
֪ҶƽҶ֮仹ŹϵҪҶƽˡ
Ҷƽ֪ΰҲҪ֧֣Ϊ潭ϵԱĴΪ뽭ϵԱһҪѺĻǾʧˡ
Ҷƽ֪ΰ뷨˿ȻҲǱȽϿĵ뵳УμʡίίᣬȽࡣ
зҲĹע֮ԽĲһĳѾʼԣ֮Ի¥ɱǽıعԱżĽһùԱȴýеĹԱˣǴĶֱָί쵼㣬һʱͼԶ˶еѹ
Ȼ˵˸еĹԱʵǿʡί߶ûãȴúܶ˸е˽ϵԱĿɶĹԱܲ
ǿǵһŸеЩ磬ԼŴ뵳УýӴҶһСյڷֹ˵ʡίЩҶķֹЩƣӴҶӡһЩȹ̽ϵԱĵλǺаġ
뷨뷨ıϣһֱΪԶΪѾΪϵԱһڼԶյϲҲἰԶһЩ⣬ڻҪյɫ£Ȼʵõ˸ڵȽ΢ϵԱڲҲһЩѺۡ
ӣҶƽ˼Ƚ˲ýӴˣЩԶ֮ΰڻҪƿһЩ棬ϾʡͷϵԱȽ϶࣬ĹϵòƱػһЩȻΰǵŽϵԱѾβ󲻵֮ƣǱϻҪֳϵԱӣȡ֧֡
ʡ߲ĹϵΪ˸еۻң໥֮ĽҲǲʲô϶ҲʶΰǶԽϵԱһЩù۸УҲ֪ΰҲҪҪ빮ԼĵλҪǿԼʵֻҪϵĹԱʵ㹻ǿΰǼʹ⣬ҲҰôˣʡ쵼֮Ĺϵʵġ
ҶƽҲ֪ˣʹԷĹ۸вãǱȻƽ糣κβ֮ϣְλزˣǱġ


1251 
ҶרʡΰǺ͸߼ҲɴһڻӭӣҶ·ɻΰǺ͸߼Ҳ֡ȴûٺͷʡίί֣ҶƽҲӭӶ֮С
ҶĿһɨ䵽Ҷƽϣʱ΢΢һЦúվҶƽԱߣеҶ΢Цġ
һʱЦݷǳˣע⵽ϸڣ϶ʱȥݣ룬ѵҶ֮仹Ĺϵ
Ϊ潭ϵԱĴһֱŰ취͵ϮϵԱĿĻ뵱ϰʡ̳ϴһֱڣ˷ӦΰǺ͸߼ҲԱʱ򣬻Ҫź˶ԽϵԱĴѹ
һǿھŻЩȴϲһЩŻ׳ǵƣȡһȨȻ˵ͺûйĽзֻǴ˽ô̸۵ģԼԼ֮жߵһ𣬳ΪĳһɱĳԱǴ
ҶΰǺ͸߼Ҳ֮ȰźõСγһ·ŰʡίʻȥҶȵİţʡûΪҶĳз·ͽнͨƣҸ֪Ĵ쵼ֱڶŲ֪
ҶΰǺ͸߼Ҳɵ˶ѣЧǽҪǵӲ칤ȻҲǲôˣҶ֪˿϶ˡ
ҶʡҪ˽ⰲĻ㵳֯ģȻֻǱϵĶʵϻſ찲ʡ쵼񣬰ΰǺ͸߼Ҳɶ˷ŵʲôһҶһֱ۵飬Ҫһˡ
ͬʱҲ԰Ҷΰ֮пǶΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˵һ֧֣ɨһЩǱڵ⡣ʡھΪٵҲǱȽ϶࣬ҲǱȽ϶࣬ΰǺ͸߼Ҳ²ʡһЩ˵ķʱƱȻʰ֧ΰǺ͸߼Ҳˣĳ֣ЩҪΰǺ͸߼ҲɲĻҪһ¡
Ҷ֮еһ񣬴⣬ҶƽҲһԭҶƽһʡĸλѾΪصҲ˽һҶƽĹ
Ҷҵĺ󱲵ûٴҶƽȻ˵ҶˣԴҶҶ֮ҶҾҶƽϵˣҶƽƽԶŮ֮£ҶƽҶҵķԽԽأ˽һҶƽߵĹҲбҪġ
ֻҶֳֹܱҶƽĺۼЩֻ᲻ԴڹҶƽẦҶƽҶƽķչԣܶ黹ҪҶƽԼ
ҶʡίԺ֮Ҳ˲;Ͷ٣ȡʡίĹ㱨պʡЭϯԼʡҲϯ˻㱨ᡣ
ΰǴʡίҶ㱨ĹҶţñȽϸʱñʼһЩʡίίʡ˴Э쵼ﱣְΰǵĹ㱨
ΰǽаСʱҶûвʲôΰҪΧƾùĽ蹤Լִ᳹߾˻㱨ΰ֪ʡҪʲôڻ㱨ִ᳹߾潲ıȽ϶࣬Ȼ˵ڰʡľýṹֹۣҪһֹⷽһЩ
ΰǵĻ㱨Ҷ֮󣬱ʾԿ϶ȻҪ˵ΰǵһ֧֣۹չôҪһ֧֣Ϊΰʱ仹ܿһЩ飬Ҳ֪ڵ⣬Щ鶼Ҫһһȥ
Ҷ԰ʡĹ˳ֿ϶ұǹƣ԰ʡίĿ϶ҲǶ԰ʡÿһ쵼Ŀ϶ҵ黹ǲġ
ˣ۾סؿҶҶ۲쵽ǸеЩˡ
ʱҲǻԾȡҶǰһ£ֵɷȡʱʾ뵳Уѧϰ۽磬Ҳǿִ᳹߾ͬ־Ľ̻壬ǳ
ıȻΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˸еЩֳϣѱֵĻ˲ǣֻܳΪҶĻǾ֪ˡ
ǷһףҪҶǰб֣Ҷͣͷʱ
ҶƽûзԣûбҪֵôߵǼίǣҪô䣬ͼĹǱģҶûбҪҶǰ֡
ҶǳҶƽԽˣֳǷǳѵõģҲ֪ҶƽһǱȽ糣Ҷƽ˵ѵãҪߵҪ͵ҶƽⷽյıȽϺá
ͷһץסҲҶǰһĿڲűȽϺãȻҲôý򽻵˵ϲѹĿڲš
ȻĻܣǿڲűǲԶˣź֣еǳ
ΰǺ͸߼ҲһнϾ뷨쵼ҲŹ˵뷨ǵֹϵˡ
Ż᳡ϵһУ˻ԾͷȻǱȽϷУеЩˣϵԱϽڣʲôʡίίͲ֪Լʲô
ǰʡ̳ϴ󣬲˭ﵣʡίǣҪʡ̳һ磬ڻûݣֻ˾Ӷߣ˵ЩСĽϵԱǷʡίǰҲҪʵʵġ
潭ϵĹԱҪڰʡ򣬻ǷȱһЩļԱԣǻء
Ϊʡ̳ϽǶԺıַǳ⣬ȻıҲЩҪһҶˣһûᣬܲ÷Ҷǰ֡
ͬ־ҲɣҶһֱ˵רŵĽ֮仹йӴջͬ־ҶȽϿ
һʱû뵽ҶĽղݸһЦͬ־ҿҾͲҪ˰ɣѾ˾Ӷˣ˲á
ҶǺһЦһ߶߲ҪֵôýʱҲҪģҪ˽ģ㽲ˣܻһЩ
ҶִղûؾˣֻÿڽһҶҪսҲǸȤ֪һʲôҲ֪ջôһʱ뿴գ
һô˵Ŀ⣬ʱеȽãôһһҪܵܶ˵ĹעģҶû˵Ҳһε֮С


1252 Ӳ潭
һڱ˵ʡ⼸ִִеıȽϺã÷չȽϿ죬ǵGDPȫλѾӵȡĳɼǳףⶼȷ쵼ĽͬʱҲǰʡʡίʡŬĽ춫ͬ־רǶǹһֹѾ˾Ӷߣ֧ΰͬ־ͼҲͬ־Ĺ֧ʡίʡĹ˴ȨأǻкԼΣȡǰʡøӺãģҲȫʡġ
սʮӣﻰ԰ʡǰıͬʱҲ̬Ҫ֧ΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˵ĹͬʱҪִ᳹ĸ߾
ǣյⷬȥĹһҿ϶ǶΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˹Ŀ϶ڶԽϵԱһִΪȻָԭʡίʡִƫ÷չ֤ûƫǼִߵġ
ʾҪ֧ΰǺ͸߼ҲɵĹһ̬ΰǺ͸߼Ҳɶ뽭ļĹԱܺദܹ̽ļԱĵλ
ȽļԱ֮ͷеյĸϵ˵Ļ޷̬ĺãҶΰǸ߼Ҳ˶޿ָժ
ҶյĻҶ֮ԻĿľ뿴һ̬ȣܰסʡǰʡ쵼ӵΪһṩݡ
Ȼձʾ֧ΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˵Ĺڿ϶ǰĹϵģΰǺ͸߼ҲɶǰεĹƫͲ֧ˡ
ҶյļͬʱҲ֪ͺڰʡ˵ʵڵĻ£մʡ˾ӶߵĻӦ뿪ʡȫ˴ȫЭְռҪڰʡ˵쵼ȻڰʡʵǶΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˹һԼ
Ȼȥʡ˴εʱ򣬺ǿûߣΰǻûǿĪĹϵΰûа취ʩչֽţҲ޷ٸ֮ǰľΰǶˣŻɽߡ
Ҷ˽⵽Щ֮󣬾һҪջҶƽҲǸܵһ˵ΰǺ͸߼ҲɶԽĹԱĴѹǰֻ̨ͷǰޣΰ߼Ҳɺͷ˻ల¡
֮ҶΰһȥʡίʡдԷ극Ϣȵʱȥʡ潭һȥӲĵ֯
潭طڳͣͣ潭Ա뽭ĹԱĲ֮ͬĹԱҪǿչȡϼϿɣӶʡĸλ潭ԱҪǿԼعԱĽ·Բһ
ˣĹԱܿ潭ĹԱΪǳ˼ٴ֮⣬ûʲôı£潭ԱȻṥĹԱΨGDP壬Ϊ˷չϧƻԴȻÿȥȥˣȴûиϣ潭ҪչηҵȻȻչȣҲľ񱣳һ£ǲķչǱȽӾ裬˲٣潭е֪ȡ
صĹԱһǴһϸ壬չ˲ͬķȴ໥ĹԱ˶ڣҷϵʱʡ쵼Ŀζˣ潭ĹԱ޷뽭ĹԱġ
潭֮Ҷ潭ίǽͬһӲ쵳Ļ֯蹤һŮͬ־ʮңԭΰʡʡίǣ·ŵ潭ȵгͽίһְ
Ҷƽһۿʱ򣬱ǸеʲΪһŮԹԱ÷ǳƯ̸ţŮ˷ζʡ쵼ǰǳԵ
Ȼ潭ίһְ潭ϵĹԱȻҲǽϵĹԱ֮Ի潭ְʵǵʱʡίǺǿЭ̵ĽܺǿϲҲŴѹһ潭ϵԱͺǿһֽίǵλá
ΰ֮ҲǼʱؿȥΰڵĹϵҲҶƽûм棬ȻܹעҶƽĶΪʡί쵼ͷҲҶƽ£еҶƽùϵûдġ
Ҷһصĳ֯ĵ֯رãȫԱ֯ǳḻʣļ徭ʵҲȽǿ¸ͷҲǺͷԣĵ֯蹤ǸñȽϺá
ȫ˴ҲǼˣҶӲ칤׼Ҷ֮󣬱˫Ҷ֡
ҶĵԱ̸ĵԱ쵼ǳҶǽҲЩţֻ˼ԡ
Ļ֯ǵļһ֣Ļ֯չһֱǳӣҶҪӲ죬˽֯չ
ίǰȫصĻ֯蹤㱨һ飬ҶñȽϸҶƽͽֻԱ
Ҷƽʡίίһ˵òôҶȴôҶ˽һ»
Ҷ㵳Ա̸ĿյСҶƽҶǣʱ䵽Ӳ칤
ŽϴҶƽЦһµ潭Ĺôãʱѧϰһ¡
Ҷƽôǫ飬۾΢ЦҶҪô˵޵ˣʱһҪָ
ҶƽǺǵЦţĸоһˣұķǳãȻʮˣȥʮ꣬˵Ŀ⡣
ҶƽԵҲᣬһ𣬵Ǻ˵עĿҶƽţ潭ĴӪǽﵣίǣ˵Ļ潭ˣȻ೤÷ǳƯҲû˵ʲôܾýǺͽĵĹԱıˣ潭Աġ
ҶܿӲĵ֯蹤ֵһũ嵳֯˽ũĵ֯϶ȲΪũľʵãûоʵЩûа취չԵũ嵳֯
Ҷũ嵳֯ǱȽϺõһ֯ǵĻ㱨֮󣬱Ǹеũĵ֯ҪǿֻܴٽũķչʵũеЭչ
СͬҶУҪʱڳĺܺãҶͷѡ
ڽı֣ҶƽȻҲǺͣŮôһŮᵱ潭ίǣԺΪŮɲǰ;Ƿǳġ
潭Ӳһ磬Ҷ뽪ֺص˰ʡʡǣϢһ£ȵӲһ°ʡľù˴˴ΰ֮С


1253 ̸
ϵʱΰǰҶҪü˵ķ̸ֱʡίǣʡʡʡίǣʡί鳤ʡί֯ʡίʡίǣʡίǵȼˡ
⼸˶ǰʡίҪ쵼ҶƽҲڱ̸Ա֮У֪ͨԱԶ룬ʡίʡдš
ҶҪ̸ΰͷûиеʲôģΪʡίǣ֪Ҷ̸ĿģҶһ˽ʡί쵼˼붯̬ոɲԽ̸һ»
ڽеȴҶǷֹܸɲ쵼̸˽ǵҪᣬҶǰֺˣҶһõӡôһķչʮģֲãǾпܱ乬Ҳпܡ
̸ǰ˳ģΰȽȥҶ̸ʱΰֻҶл㱨㱨඼ǱϵĶһЩĶ϶޷ģ̸ֻͨʽܽһЩ
ȻҶϵϤĻôЩҲû취Ҷ˵ģʹǸ̸ʵϣܵʡʡίһ֣ҪҶĵ㽫Ҷ̸԰һЩʵ㱨
ΰ߽Ҷķ䣬˰СʱųǴȴǸоСʱʱܳΪһ̸ܵʱ䣬ΰ̸Ķˣ˾п̸ˡҪ̸೤ʱҶģΰʡίǣȻҪ̸ʱ䳤һЩ
ΰǰʡҶ㱨һ飬Ȼʡί쵼͵ев㣬ŲٽĵĹԱԱѾ̫࣬ల£ʱ޷дµҪǣҪһܺõɣȻǵķƲҪ˼ɵĵط
ҶĻ֮˵ͷڰʡԤϣֻǰ͸߼ҲɷŵͬʱŰƽŵĻᣬְҶƽ˽ⶼĿĵģһһһλ
ʡ귢չƫⲻһʱŤתģһпܻʹڲ⣬ǸҪһһˡ
ҶеΰǱȽϳȣȻǶȽ̸ͣһҶ˼άҲԾһЩ⣬ΰǶһһشˡ
̸֮ΰǳȥѸ߼Ҳɽ˽߼Ҳΰʡڵʱǿڰʡոոյʡ˴Σֲһ֣ʡ֮ûʲôΪֻھ÷չŬоһƫЧ
߼ҲΰǽŽᣬŰ취Ťת־棬Ҷ̸ͰʡǱߵһ£ʡǱʡʡҲǽļԱ˵յĸȼԶҪ˵ڽҪͼԶˣ˶Ǹ㾭õ֣һڵطһʡϵұۣ˸߼ҲʡҲҪһЩġ
ҶĻؼ߼ҲһҲҪڿ֮УֻʱҪά־棬ȶ
߼Ҳ̸˶ʮӾ뿪ˣűǷҶ̸Ҳжʮӣ߼ҲһĴһΪǳܵҶĿأʵΪǽļҪԱ˽һ£ŰʱϳҲᳬ߼Ҳɡ
Ҷΰ֪ˣһЩҪŷｲ˽˼붯̬ͬʱҲһЩ⡣ҶϣŽΰΪʡίǵʡίΧѰʡã԰ʡܴ
ͷʾһҶʵ÷ΰǸ߼Ҳ˲ʲôѣʲô飬ⶼάȶҪ
֮󣬴һһؽȥҶ̸֮ϵõĽļԱ͹˵ĿҪһȥ̸֮ʲôҪעĵط
ͰиǣҪСһЩҪע֡һ˵˾ˣǰһԴΪأάļԱʡλҪȻɣƱػǵĵλ
˷֮£Ҷ̸ٶԼӿ죬ʮӵӣ˽һҶǳȥˣֱҶƽ˽ȥ
ҶƽһҶķģ̸֮еľѾȥϢˣֻΰǸ߼ҲɻзûȥҶûϢҲȥϢ
ҶƽһҶķ䣬ǽһ󲮣ҶһЦƽ˰ɣ
ҶƽһЦ죬ʱúܿ죬֪Ѿȥˣǹûʲôͷ
Ҷ֮˵ʡȽϸӣģҲӦ֪ˣȥίְй˼ɣҴ󵨿չǿڴ󵨹ҿӲͷŰҪʲôֱ֧֣Ӻΰǻ˵һȫ֧ġ
ҶƽһеһֳĸоαȽش󰡣Ҷû̸֮ǰȻҲһδڣǾûָоҶһ˵еѹˡ
ŬȥͬʱѸѼʡίοڷ֣ʡԴḻҵڶܴ࣬ڱȽصĸܵ󣬵ҪһһȥҪҩͬʱҲҪס
ҶƽĻҶͷ˵ƽԽԽˣȽ꣬ܺãҪע㣬һǱȶϺΰǣڴ˻ϣ𲽽⣬߷һ֮Ҳת˲֮ͰȫֻҪоģģһѼϵĶг
ҶһλзǳӰ쵼ˣҶƽĻҲܵȾҪ˵ģҪȫԸȥɡ
ƽһ䣬Ҫʲôˣֻη壬˸ϱǩƱػԱ˵ĳһˣãֹƽЩ⣬Խ߸кôҶָҶƽһ
Ҷƽ΢΢ͷ˼Ҷ˵⣬һ룬о˵ĶԣȻڰʡʲôļ潭Ա飬Ǵûй˵ԼڴܵĹв֪ذϱǩΪĳһ˶ǸܣǾǻ᷸ΪĴˣˣƲЩ˭ܾǲ鴦˭һͬʣȻͲ˵ʲôлˣҶñȽԶһЩԼⷽ滹ҪСһЩץסʲôѱ
ҶƽҶڷ̸˶ʮӣȻ˸߼Ҳɣ÷֪ΪԾҶҶƽ̸ΪҶƽԭӳģΪҶƽǼίǲӳģ


1254 յ뷨
ҶƽҶ̸ʱ˵ע⣬֪ҶƽҶ֮ϵ֮٣֮ԻעҶƽΪҶƽʡίݣҶƽʡְʡίǣҾǳֻ̬ȵģΪʡ밲ʡ˸ӶţҪҶƽ
ҴҶƽҲԿҶƽ쳤ίǣзḻİ참ڴ˵Ҷƽֻһά᳤ֻάһ¾棬˭Ҳţ˴ձΪҶƽ϶شĹֻʱûֳѡ
ȻҶмίǣҶƽ̸δػǣʲôӵ⣬Ҳúܶ˸еˣ֪ⱳǲʲôĶӶӰ쵽Լ档
ڶ죬Ҷȥ˰ʡļҴ͹ҵ˽һǵĵǲûеȥιۿ죬꣬ʡᰲ쵼ǰвιۿ죬Ӫҵ϶࣬ҳнò⻹һҴ͵ĹʯҵڽģǴ˴Ҷûǰȥ˸еǳʧҶȥһ˽еĻôǹԼĵλʮģʵˣҶôȥӲ칤쵼ȥﲻȥǶǺнģҶȥӲ칤˵Ǹ˽ļԱһźš
ҶȥģֽһֽҶԸȥӲ칤ΰǲԸҶȥӲ칤пܣҿռٷ֮ʮ÷еͷԣǲôⶼǶǵһ־ѣҲ˵Ǿ棬κʢ˥ʢʱҪ˥ʱ룬־֮ĵġ
˵ȰҶ֮󣬷ȥաǰʡ̸̳ⲻʡΪ±ȽУˣҲˣ£ǰʡ˵һȻٵݶûеʡίһ֣ʡǱߣ˵һġ
ԸˣȻ£ŲٵҲ˵Ч£Զ˵֮һգյʶ
պ󣬰Ҷ볣ίǵ̸һ顣Ľ۾ڰʡǰ飬֪ܲӸ߼Ҳɵ뵽ʡʶ⣬ӦǷʡһְ
ûн֣ȻΰֵˣȻ԰ʡİź⣬Ҫʶǰװڹٳϻôˡ
˴ҶʡӲ칤ȿԿǶΰǺ͸߼Ҳɹ֧֣ҲԿǶ԰ʡعԱһ棬Ǻú÷ΰǺ͸߼ҲɵĹĲù
ճ˼һᣬ˿˵Ǹʲôʲô˵ĶԣʱＫط߸ɧʮ꣬ˣҲٹôˣǽ鲻ҪңץסԿʵúԼĹֺ֧һʡίʡĹͿˣҲˣ
յĻͻȻеЩշƼʮ꣬ѵʱıʡ˴ģ
ϣ˵ĻǧҪ˵ʡ˴ΣȨصԣô˵أæ˵
ȴǿһ˵ڰһӦͺǿһ뿪ȥȥǻһЩǲ˲õӰ졣
һ˵ֻ˵ϣڰǶ԰һٽûǰʡ˵һܴʧΰǺ͸߼ҲҲδػͬ뿪
˷ĻһʱĬȻ뿪ʡڸеܻԷӰ죬˴ҶӲеһΣУһʾҪ뿪ʡҲһ̬̬Ҫ˴ȥ취ȡ
ֹӰΣ磬һһ˲֮󣬺ܿְ뿪ʡ鴫ΰǵĶ
Ϣΰǳ˼ãкôҲвôôԽﵽһЩĿģϾյôĸ߼ɲξǷǳߵģά־ǾǷǳЧġ
ǲôڣڣĹԱı־ڣվеĺۼͲĻͲȥӶΪת侭÷չʽʵͼһ谭ͬʱղߣĹԱһ飬һߣĹԱȻַѣѾ˷ѵļ󣬼ԶԼԲˣյĴڣ˭Ҳṫ˺Ƥ
ԣۺΰϣ뿪ģܹʾ뿪Ļ뽭ĹԱĹϵѺۣӶڰʡִ
ڵ֪Ϣ֮ΰǼûȥͬʱҲûжԴӦڴհν뷨жϣʡίְҪἰʱתݡ
ȻոոɢҪȥʡ˴λؾϢ֮󣬺ö཭ĵĹԱռУղҪ뿪Ϊ뿪ǼԶ󣬼Զռ֮һǹղҪ뿪ҲǿҪռڰʡ԰ʡĿչкô
Ū÷ǳʡίί󶼳ղҪ뿪ʡ˴ΣȡǴϢˣ֪ĿģҲ֪Ҫ뿪ʡ뷨ģڵѾԼˣôڽһ֮ԽĵĹԱҲǷǳġ
ֻú͹ǰռбǵĿΪʱղ뿪ʡ˵뷨ʵǲһģ֪յļһ̬ʵ˵ϣ뿪һ뿪ǽǸλãʵΪǿ뿪Ҳ˦ȥԼһЩ飬ٽһһֱӰ쵽Σˣ뿪Ӱ̳ʧõһѡ
ϵȻҲԸôֻйȷʵ뿪ڣ˵һ飬˶οһȻ
˵˼вͬռﶼǱﲻԸ뿪˼ģʱǵĻ֮Ҳû˵ͬ⣬Ҳû˵ͬ⣬̬ģɣ÷ͷԣѵڻԥʲôµ뷨
еյ֮ͬʱԼҲӦСһЩȻջʲôô죿ڻǱȽηյġ


1255 ΰǵ뷨
˵ձ֮⣬յõ˼㣬ȴΰٳһһ̨£ΰǴʱȴŽ뿪ʡûʽʡί뿪ʡҲû취ȥЩװƣ¡
ΰǲ£ͷȻǲڷ˳֮ʣֻһ⣬ѹԽйȻȥΰǴҪ뿪˼̽һΰǵ̬ȡ
һӵּ⣬ͷȴǸеǳΪѣȻ˵ϣǲԼͻյκּ⣬һȻҪһãˣȥΰǱ飬ΰǿ϶մͨһڸ顣
˵ˣܲӣ֯֯ҪҲǷϳģʡί֯棬൱ʡίˡ
ûа취ֻһ룬ΰһ飬һΰǵ̬ȡΰǴʱ磬Ϊʡίһ֣ݶҲʡʡίǵԭ֮һ±Ƚϼ꣬ͷԲ侲ǿ϶ǲģΪʡôӣҪǼˣǿ϶ǳġ
İ칫ң㱨Ļյ顣¶һƽ΢Ц̧ͷΰǵǣʡ˴ҵң˵Լˣ岻ãҪȥʡ˴һְҲ֪λش
ΰǵĿһε岻Ǻܺʲôëˣô֪Ҫȥ
ΰʲôȴûȥӹ˵ҪְĻΰǻյĴˣΰǵķУҲûټǾ仰ֻǰϢݸΰˣΰԻ뷨
û˵ʲôˣõԵʰɡ˳ΰǵĻ˵
ΰһŶһεȷʵǲСˣǿȥ廹ϢϢͿˣְ뷨
ΰǵ˵ţùȥҲûм뿪ʡ˼ҲûиеΰҪн˼ҲΰǼʹûм뿪˼϶ҲἱеҪա
Ҳ֪θ˵ˣҲеܾȡװʲô֪˵
ΰǿһ۵Ұοοͬ־Ҫͬ־
˵ͷȥһ˵ͬҲ׼ΰǵѴְһ˵൱ʡίְˣȻûʽ汨棬ͷҲһûΰǵЩ²̨
ΰùοοһ£϶ǲģˣ˵ΰǲû̫˵ûпȫûĵ뷨
һʱЩͲסеΰǵĻŵһΰǵģֻҪ˰һ£ΰǵĹͲÿչ
뷨ʱΰǳˡΰǹһЩʱգմְ鲻Ϸͣô֪£ҾղˣҪˣյӰ
ҪȡƣպԿյ֮ǰյļУǰսеԼİ칫ңһ顣
˽ǰĵȻǸ飬ôʽֻոеΰǺһΰҪʱշǳˣרŰѼʰһ£ȻŪˣ׼ΰǺһ
յļҺأΰһʱ򣬿Ļǹȥ־ɳɵľɳһֹϢ
ΰһЩͬգһܹһҽˣ˼绹ǲͬĸɲģͬ־Ҳֻˡ
ΣҹΰһţЦųȥ
ɳϣһΰǼæվǰ˼˵ΰǣ鷳ңҲ֪˵ʲôˣ
ס֣һߵɳϣʱյϰҲ˹ΰǼ˼棬ΰɩɩӵؽ
ıķˮͬʱñķˣҪΰǺȼΰǱռҺȾƵ뷨һʢ飬Ǻƴˣֻ
˱߳Ա̸ΰǽὲһЩԼķչ˼·֮΢΢ͷûб̬ΰǹԿʹͬΰǵҲֱ˵ھװͿˡ
ΰǿֻü̵ؽһ£Ҳ飬ֻȾƣһЩͥ
յĶڹ⣬ŮھǣʵҲûŮ㣬ΰǾһЩͥյǺйͬԵģ˵Լѧ飬ȽϸˣѾڹˣȴԼܻع߹
ΰҲͬڹڷչĺܿ죬عΪЧһܺõ飬ڹ⻹ǿ
˱߳Աˣ˴ԼһСʱΰǣհͳ⣬˺üӲ뿪
ΰȥջ˼̸Ḷ́ΰ˿ûᵽְ£ȴΰ֮Ĺϵΰǿһε֣ŪЩסˣǰˣǰ˱ɳ̲ϣȻĹɣӲҪΥȻɣǿ϶ǲеġ
һϣ˵ڶ죬û֪ͨǣдһֱӼĸ룬Լϣʡ˴ελ뷨֮ȥϰң밲š
վ뿪ʡҶĵΰǵĴʶѾһأܿܶһõĺȻ뿪
Ҫ뿪ʡ飬ҶƽȻҲ֪ˣǶ£϶֪ҪǿΰǵӦԷԡ
ΰӦõִյĺãⲻепѧϰ֮Ϊһ־ҪȽ侲ףǼ꣬Ҫѧϰ
ҪյҪҪ뿪飬ҪǼίĹοչ⣬ѳѾŵ˽УܽĵĹԱαȡůڵĿľҪдڵĸһϵĹԱ
˽ĺҲѸٴ򿪾棬ҶƽǰһѰŲ鰸ĻᡣҶƽȽϹעصĸ⣬ԭֳԶĸܾٱҲܹע飬һҪúõزһ¡
뷨֮󣬳ʼΧŽίвű˾ٱ鰵пչ飬ͬʱԭسϲҲпʼԱнӴȡϲڽҷвŵ顣


1256 
вԴѧ뿪أɹӲϼ֮С࣬ʵʵмְλģԴ³Ժû뷨뵱мɲǾðķձȽϴ
вÿһ֮Իᷢ˾ٱ״£ڽŶ棬һЩϼһǶ֮⣬һҪԭž֣ʹϸɲЩҲᰵвһЩ飬ÿһζһ޷õʡίϿɡڷ˲ϼ֮ȥıȡмְλ˵ʹ˷
ˣͻȻ֮õ͵ˣŵ뽭صֱĸȥְ뷨ܿʧˣΪ뽭أЩ˿¾ûκιˣһЩ˻Ҫ˼ɵĴڣĿŵظ˴ﻹǱȽϰȫģһ뿪ǲȫģǱˡ
ԼֻҪͿԽˣ˭֪˽Ժֿʼ˱仯мί˴нҪһίǣ˭Ͳ˵ˡ
֪˭Ϣв֪ˣвһ֪ǸеҪһίǣ˭ᵹù᲻
вͷһ飬Щģһ뵽Լ뼾ԶĹϵ˭ҲһùǸ̫顣
μίԺҲǳһУڽİ참ôŰ취һ˵İ취ɢмίҪһίǵϢϢɢҲǾܵİţ˸֪ǴﴫģǾ֪ϢȻͿʼȫ
ϢһĿԣԾ϶ģʮûץһίˣҲץһˣȻдڵԶҲҲӡ
ֶۣͨȻγһѹһЩӰ참޷Ӱ참
ڽӰ참һһίֻطû˸ҳ˵ͺðöࡣųַίЩȽϢ涯Ҫ참ʱǳӰ참ĿԾͻή͡
Ϣúܿ죬쵼֪ԶٳûϢΪû˵ҽҪһίǣ֮Ļ
ûгʽĻ㱨ͼԶ˵ȻʲôԣϢȴһЩɲľţ׷׹ǻ㱨飬ȷϢ١
һ˾ͲܲˣҪ鴦һίǣûĵͷǲܵģмίϢʵͼԶЩˡ
һ룬ѳеԼİ칫ҡӵĵ绰֪ʲô¾İ칫棬һû˵ʲô
ǣίĹҪʾ㱨ԶɢһЩϢɲ˼ҵġ
һ˵ǣ֪ǼίʲôϢӰ쵽ɲ˼ˣǼίɲ˼빤ֻǵִ͹
һ˵ίʲôҵȻ֪ģ˵ǲʲôҪʾ㱨ҪɢһЩʵϢӲá
һʶǹڽҪ鴦һίǵϢĶˣ֮ԻὫйҲ棬еӰ첻ãŰй̸ġ
һ뵽ˣǼίɢʲôʵϢʲôҪһ㱨ġ
һ˵ãҪȫеȶҪĻ̻̣Ӱ쵽ȫе幤մʡίһЩ˽⣬ȶ˽˽ɡ
ѳ˵һͨһʱҲûзǰĵλЩͣô˵˵ˣĺ̨ҲҶƽ
ĽóеһѹеڽڲǳϵĴ£Ҫûֿ֧϶ǲܵġ
ʱίίٿ˼Զ󣬼Զһ۾˿˵Ǻæ
һ˵Ц˵˴˱˴˰ɣǼгæ
Զһڣ˵æ´Ҷӭһæ˾Ҫùඣ
û뵽Զ˵һǼԶʩѹʩѹˡ
Ȼﲻˣǳ֪ȽϰԵǾǲˣ˲᲻ص֪Ǽί鴦ĸɲû˵ԼùģǴ඼ʶԼĴڣڵ͹ǰûвڵģ
ԶһǿʱһǰˣһҲûԶ⸱ֻ֤ʵ֮ͣ⣬ʲô޷ԺҪǸˡ
쳣ίῪо蹤ڼԶȨΧڳίϲĭҷɣüͷţһ֪˻Щ϶ģȻͬΪļĹԱ
һ룬оĿǰ참ҪڼԶ˵һЩԶӰ참Ϊգ˵ʲô˲Ҷôƾղ˵Լһæ˵ùˣһгӦĻ
ίῪԺ󣬳ȥʡһˣȥҶƽҶƽ֪ҪԼרԼİ칫Ӽ
һҶƽͰѽĵǰһ飬ʾߵ̬ǲ̫ãһǱҲŲٹѹǲôֹȥĹá
ǳҶƽͷҲǷǳˣȫʡһҪͻƿڣǽĵһҪͻƿڣܽصͻƣĹǺðˡ
һ룬ҶƽԼҪȥһ˽Уһ֧֣Ȼʩѹû취ˣϾмίǳһˣǻĸɲɲ˲ְ֧참ǻҰ
ֻԼǰȥһˣǴͬʱҲ˼ɣĿŵȥӳ참
Ҷƽһ룬Գһȥһˣ뷨׼ʱҵһ飬ȡһͻơ
Ҷƽ˼Ҷƽ׼صİʱҶƽֻҪñ߹ģ˾ͲˣʡίԳ棬ǻô
̴ӦŻȥԺ׼ӣһвŰһԶܲһܵĻôǳɲؼɲˡ


1257 뿪
ʽְڴ˳Զ˾ʧ룬æȥգΪʱվѶŲͣǳһŸ
Ϊʡίǣǰ뵳Уѧϰȥˣһ½֪Ϣ֮Ըմ绰ڵ绰бʾȥѾڰʡùΪʡףͷҲ͸еοˡ
һνն¾Ժ󣬾ջԺҲ޷Ȱ˵ˣοﵹϣ뿪ȻڰʡΪĹԱ
ͼԶЩһղԱŸԺվ͸ߣ뿪ʡյѡǴȫʡĹֳֶЩϣ²ǰϷүºóǲеģһ죬ͻǲУԽĵĹչǲģ뿪˾ɳ
յĻĬȻˣ֪֮Ի¾뿪ΰǺϴҶʡӲԵʣƷչոеһΣУʹղò뿪ʡ
Ȼ뿪ˣҲûа취ˣ˰죬֪յ֮󣬹ǻȥˡ
һ£ղٵΰʡ˴ǵľȥʡ˴һְϣ߶յĹΰҲڻ϶նĹ
΢Ц紺ûκʱʹ֮Уΰ֣ΰǱΪʡ˴ѡ
ΰΪվһʢĻᣬʡίίȫϯҶƽȻҲҪϯһ𣬳˷û⣬ʡίίȫˣ͹˵ı黹ƽǳʡȴǿȥȽģպȾʱԶܿˡ
յۿ˿ſסĹ̿ˮʵϰӿеͷ뷨죬֮󣬴һʲô
Ҷƽ￴Ŵҵı飬Ŀⲻʱط˵ϣΪĹԱĴ񲻵ò뿪ʡЩ˿϶ɥһߣΰʽʡ˴һְȨȻҪһЩЩյɽΪ²ôˣʡίԺҲҪٳֽЩΪ֮֮Լ͡
ȻˣǽĹԱռݲλãܿ콫˶յǸλӣĿǰܿܶǸλӣǸλʵЩôһĻһҪǸλӣģλȻˣЩλȴһӣȥ޷԰ˡ
ȥȡ֮Ψΰ֮Ǵӣô˵϶õģǲĹԱӴһ겻ˣΪˣǻ᲻СɽͷͲ˵ˣҪСɽͷǽĹԱͲһ飬ҪķˣΪǵͬλͬȻ޷ȣֻзŻӵ뿪ĵ
Ҷƽʱ򣬷ʵҲ룬ںʱǽĹԱȥر˼顣ǺԭһϵЯĹԱǴӴ֮󣬲ٸһףĺΰǱһ£ǰһѡ
ʱìܵģյ·ߣһΰհΰƲȻΰεˣһ񣬻ЩĹԱԹţֿտգЩʡ
·ߣտµλӣôʵʡԽԽǿΰȻǲСʵзȨҲҪǵġ
ȥеѣΰǿ£ţͬʱҲԶЩĹԱһΰǶ̬ȣ̬Ⱥãΰǿ£һЩʵԶĹԱãôͻյ·ɡ
ǵģǣȻ뷨̫һǱάϵĹԱ뷨ϣѾģ뷨ģǹȴЩΪյ밲ʡûù뿪˰ʡ
Զˣʱȴûְѷɱӻ뷨ΪֻգûˣʹҲѶȡ
ĸ죬һߣľͲˣһ͹۵ʵյĵһǳشźţö˶ʶĲˡ
ڻԺĵڶ뿪˰ʡû֪ͨͱ𣬷治ÿƣΰרŷԸʡί칫ȥհæʰȻ·
ûϢȫ˴ְϾ˳ȥ䣬ȫ˴λӸϸ꣬Ҳеοֻȥϵģȫ˴ְˣͺǿȥȥˡ
һߣȥҷ˾Ժ󣬷棬һ£ͷ⣬ǿǳеϣûԼ뷨
ϣѧϰԺټҳԶٷСᣬͳһһ´ҵ˼룬ڼԶˣǲǻҪΪȥԶһջᵼ½ĹԱΪʸ֮ġ
ȻҲǿ⣬ǼԶһֱյĳκ˷ȻҼԶ̸̸ԶҲûκεİ취һղᡣ
ջ㱨һ¼ԶոԶкȻֵһߣǾմС棬ͷܲˣо˵һһףڰʱ˵һ뿪˵ˣ˵Ǽʹ˵ˣյԶһܳǳȻҲȱ㣬Ϊ覲褣˲ܴëá
ѾʶˣȥἾԶЩȱ㣬տȱˣԣʱ˵Ҳûá
һǸе̾ʵϣܰѼԶһ£ĹͻܺȻԶڽУҲûкõİ취ȵĽˣԶһǰ״ͻ᲻ô뿪֮󣬷ȫȡյλӣôԶûа취ˣԸȡλӣȻ뿪˰ǻһЩ飬Ȼûа취
ǣҪȥ￴һɣҵˣȥá룬ͷȥȥ̽̽·վˣûκεİţûйʾ÷λӣȻȫģһ©


1258 Ҷƽĵ
ҶƽٴӲ칤һҪ˽ϼ¼ºҲûвţûвŵĹʽӲ죬һΣҶƽǹʽеָ
ոո뿪ʡͼԶ˵鶼á֮鲻ãΪͷһȥ˵ǵպղûȷ÷ճλӣҲûжԼԶκΰš
յΪЩ⣬ȻҲ뿪ʡˣ뿪ӦԺ׵İţֲˣ۽ĹԱʿǳ
յ֮潭ϵԱʼԾΪ潭ԱĴñԭǺˣȻ˵潭ԱʡͷȻźΰǵĽӽ潭ϵԱ´Ӵ֮ҪԭһֱýĹԱѹš
ԴȷҪż˿ղƵĲþǺܵġղãҲûʲôΪҲìܣҪҪյλӣҲԥġ
û뵽ǣΪԥտһЩ飬ˣͷǻʱλӣδػˣδĺãȻãǿ÷»⣬ˣʲôҲ˵ýĹԱɷֻЩҪҵȻڰȻھңָӡ
һҲǵ÷λӣĹԱٲȻһǰ̣Ȼ˵ĲĿӣʱ¾ͻ鷳ĹԱƣΪǶǽļΪĵķչģʽԼͬһģûΪֽ϶ıȡ˵˽㴫ݣȨ˽ܣôʾͻˣȷ̬Ҳⷽԭ
ڼԶ֪һЩëеǼԶµһֽԶൽڣ°ѼԶȥܴԼȻҲ˵˼ԶһЩõ飬ǼԶǰ֤ûйܵ⣬һЩζŰ취Ĩ
ĹԱͷûиԵˣΪĻû˰ѽĹԱˣԶиԵˣͷϲԶԵ˺˭űȫطԼñ˵Ӧ棬ĻĻҵ뼾ԶϣǼԶȫӣҪüԶĹһӿ콭ĵķչȻСĵطʱ䳤ˣ˽ֵطЩӦǷƼЩ
ǱȽϾɥýĹԱƱҪ˥֮أԥԥֲһģڲҲǴìܣ֮£˥ǲܵģҲҪ㣬ԼΪĹԱıǩ
һЩԱҲǸеûԭôˣԭʱڣΪĵĹԱʡͷǳţŰҲˬ죬һߣν߲ԺҪ뻹ôڣǲɵˡ
ԶǷƢԴյ֮ʮֲˬȥϰˣҲûȥǿͻȻߣҲǵʵеߺͲˣȻͷ˲ͨ飬ںǣαҪȥ
Զ治ˣȻǾͻҷƢߵķԱһ飬һֳ֪ʱľŹҪǮ뱨ӵ˵ϣѾֳҲ˸Ѫͷ
ԶŭӣֳҲҳѱЦ뿪˼Զİ칫ҡ
һϢһȥЩŹҪԶ㱨ĹԱһҹˣô˼Զùͷû㱨Զٿʱ򣬰ĹԱ˸Ѫͷ˵ۣʹ棬Ժã˵Աһͷҳ
гҲǸеû棬˵뼾Զͬţǲؾ¼Զ󣬵ʵǶԼԶҲǺ𣬼ԶһԾŶ
Զܲˬʱȴǵ֪Ҷƽָﲻɵؾͷ˼ոո뿪ʡίǾݰٽģǲڴʲôźţ
һҶƽû⣬ΪյʱڣһʡίǹҲֻһ¹£Ҳûжٹϵǰѽصĸسϲץˡѧ붯вţһͽˣûʲô˵ġ
һҶƽٴеЩˣҶƽʱƺ̫˵룬ոո뿪ҶƽרҪʲôأ
ҶƽӲһ£ԶеɣҲеЩ֣յ뿪ǣ཭ĹԱģǰŸߣҶƽУǲʲô߼
ͷҲʮֵĺɣȻҲʡίίԸԼûҶƽȣҶƽḻұΰǵĹϵʱеЩá
һ룬һΣвŻҪʱת뽭ĹԱȦӣ뽭ϵҪԱҪһǳѣΪĹϵʹԶ϶ܲ˵ġ
ˣ˰죬ֻнΰǿ£Уֻһ˽ĹԱͬʱҪڽڲǿӲԼԶ󣬷ֹΪԶӰ쵽
æµ飬ӵҶƽĵϢ֮Ű취ӰӵвźԶ˵顣ԶڵμͼҸεʱգֻһֱѹûа죬صĲϻʱˣҲǲȫѼһЩصĲϣ뷨Ӹ
вţҪʽȥȡ֤ݣһȽѵ飬Ϊвڻλϣȡ֤᲻٣ܶ˲Ը֤ĵȥȡֻ֤вŵľ쵼
ԣ˰飬鲻ð죬ҶƽɣԳͷȥϲ
ίİ참ԱȥһϲϲܲϣΪ֪вŻ̨ϣڼί˹ŴõһЩǲܵģˣ󣬿϶ڽعٳֲ˵ȵʱвŻҪΪϱԣȥǲ˵Ϊãס
һòص֤鴦вţڲҪви֤ܵݣֻҪվָ˰ܣͿҶƽʱóҶƽвŸ˫
˰ֻԳͼϲĿеõԼҪĶ


1259 㱨
ҶƽסĴƵ꣬ǼһҶƽûסƵ꣬һҪ죬İסƵꡣ
Ҷƽĵӭ֮е˵ǰΣҶƽʡίǲκεĵ֮ˣڷ仯봦ʡί֮Ĺϵ
ҶƽҲǺɵ֣ȻǹӲ칤ģͲҪŪúܽţһΣڲϼ¼Ӱ죬ûôұҲ࣬һηһЩԼĵָкôġ
Զڵ֪Ҷƽ֮˰죬ȻûȥҶƽһҶƽǼģһΣﲻˣҶƽʱĿĵģί칫֪ͨҪҪҶƽʱһ룬ԹΪɾܾˡ
ܾҲûʲôΪгίҵԿڣҶƽʲôҶƽ˼ί֮⣬ʡίί˾ʡ쵼ʡ쵼طΪĵط٣ӭһʡ쵼Щʧˡ
֪ԶԸҶƽЩüСǲЩģҶƽˣȻ棿Сʲôأ
Զһ绰ģתһ룬СиԵĺܣǱ˵ģҪ绰ûȤ粻˵Ҫ뽭ĹԱиȥɡ
ԣҶƽڻӭĶ鵱Уֻί¬ţԼˣίû֪ͨҲÿһίҪֻоӦίҵһϵ쵼Ź
΢Ц˹һҶƽľʮ֮ǰҶƽȥ˹ѺϲļԺרżϲһ档
ϲĵԸе죬ΪΪмίǣ쵼Ȼܵ⣬Ҫ֪мίǲ԰참ģ˰ͿˣڳȻЩء
ԳĵϲȻ侲ܳʲôشһҪӲסǳȴҳƵ˵˻֮ߵ˳
뿪ʡ£ϲҲѾ֪ˣڴӳĿ֪£ȴǸеһ⣬Ͼм쵼Ļ˵϶ͱ˲һϲò
̬ȷ仯ֱӸǰܵƣƣȡӶ̷ܹϣЭ̡
ϲһевһǱסˣԳˣ뿪֮󣬼Զ϶ǲԭΪΪˣʱԶҲǱסвţڼ齲һЩôȫŰ취ͻƣвŵأֻ֪
ڳ֮£ϲڿ˵вкع̸ϼ齲˳ԼΪθسвл߹ʮǮ
һõЩϣ˵ˣȲвţȵҶƽ֮Ҷƽ㱨Ҷƽ¡
ƽͬ־ӭٴǽСΪҶƽһӭСᣬҶƽĵʱѾˣһ죬ǵ˳ԷʱڳԷʱԵ÷ǳ顣
ҶƽæʾлЦŶеˮԵһ£粻ܺȾƣΪҶƽҪʼӲ칤ҪӲͼ췽Ĺȵڶ죬ţҶƽӲһ¾ù
֮ҪҶƽӲһ¾ùҶƽо÷չĳɾͣҶƽϾʡίίԽĹϿҲǳҪǸʱ򣬼ԶóˣԶٲ棬Ǿ˵ԶҶƽˣҶƽ֪󣬱Ȼ᲻ˣʱʡίרԽУίǳԲ
Ҷƽ˿һˮװЦʵԶͬ־æʲôȥˣ
һæشʡֱͬȥˣϹͬҶǺȾơ
ΪԶڻôҶƽΪ¶еˣĶжá
Ҷƽ΢Цһ£û˵ôһ䣬ʩӵѹûʱҶԽֺݡ
˵֮Ҷƽת˵Ĺûмʱǻ㱨ίĹҲҪί쵼һҪʱǻ㱨
һԷֻĸˣҶƽ֮⣬ǳ¬ˣҲûʲôҶƽ˵
⣬̿ǣǼί㱨ģֻǻûüҪ˵˵ɣ
Ҷƽһ˵Ҫôżºǻ㱨Ҳ١
Ҷƽһۣȴ˵ȽϽҶҲڣλ쵼ͬ㱨һ¡
¬һ϶˶˵ҳȥһ¡
һס¬ǣίǣһҲ޷ɣ
¬תͷһ˳Ļ˼ǲʲôҶƽ棬ֲ˵ʲô¬Ƚ׽ˣˣȥ
ţһ°ɣҶڣǺһҶǵĽ̻壡ʾһ˵
ҶƽһϾˮǣĻ˰Ľ̻Ų࣡
Цһ£Ҷƽһ±ӣһ˿ˣ㿪ʼ˵Ҷǣǣ¬ǣǻ㱨һ£һԶ飬Զڵ鳤Э飬Ǿйصľٱڵιֳڼ䣬˲ӪҵҵĻ¸ΥΪǰɿ֤ɻԴܵƻǼί飬һǽίвţвΪίǣڽظ˺ܶ๤̣Щ̶鸾źаˣмίҲӵ˶ھٱԭسϲǾٱΪǨسлʮԪּвصĸΪǼίҲ顣
žžذЩһ˵һԵ¬ˣһؼѵμίǺҪ鴦ؼ
¬ŵĿ⿴Ȼȥƽ糣ʵͷѾвźԶû㱨ûȡɣ㿪ʼеˣڲ鵽Լ㱨ѵ˵˼Ҳ˵ҶƽԱߣҪ˵׼飬ҶƽҪ˵ڰӸɲ
ΪɻеˬҲ뵽֮Ի᲻㱨ΪԼӣҲ˵ȻǰĹԱģ


1260 Ӳ
Զв˵齲һ£ȻúϸͷȴǷ˼ͣα̬ǻۡ
Ҷƽһţ˵ǹóģб̬ᣬҪר̸һ̸飬ĻֻԼ˴ǰרΪвźԶ˶оס
ʱĻ㱨ϴҶƽĵʱͬвŵģ˭֪ѧ˰죬ȴûʲôֻץϲͲϼڳͻȻְ˳еԥ
ҪԭͻȻˣƷ˱仯һߣͲ鴦еҪɲɻһĲɣίѿˣϣ̾Ҫ鴦ˣҪ֮жࡣ
Ǵʱǽǣ̬ĻҶƽԱ߿϶뷨ģֻЦЦ˵ίּ֧ίͬ־참ðʲô⣬ºҰ칫ٺ̸һ飬ҶǹȲ̸ˡ
ͳӦҪó˽ٺ˵һ˵һ£һİţѲ鴦ɲ𶯽͡
˵⻰֮תͷҶƽЦҶǣ㿴вУ
ҶƽĻ΢΢һЦί˫쵼Եطί쵼ΪҲ棬ǰǷܵأҺһֵ֧طίͬ־Ӵ참ȣθฯܣеķչġ
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ͷ˵Ҷ˵ǣκʱ򶼱ᶨطԸΪ˭ֻҪиΪǶҪ鴦
˵𣬳ȻǺҶǶ֧Ǽί참Ǹееˣͬ־ڻΪͬ־Ѿòˣٲһ飬Ӱܶӣºϸ㱨һ£һ鴦֮ߣسθΪ
ֻͷ¬ȴǾĶǣ˵ףҪвźԶ˿ɾҪشתˣڽжǷвžͲ˵ˣΪһίǣСһ£⼸ķչҲǲȥǳ⣬һǼԶ°ȴҪ鴦Щпְ
ԶԭǹֳүҲȻǰˣҲ鳤˺Զڹƻǹֳ
һ뵽Щ¬һ仰Ҳ˵ֻ֪º֪᲻߼Զ󣬻ߺͼԶͨͨҪҪܣҲЩԥ
һٷַͨ˶вźԶ˵Ĳ鴦һ¡극ҶƽȥϢʱȥȵʱٰŻ
֮Ҷƽķ䣬źҶƽټ䡣Ҷƽкһ£¡
ŹϣҶǣ黹˳
Ҷƽһ۵ǻǱȽϺദģע㱨ˣҵ棬Щ˵ҷ黹ǲô˳ǻеģҪڹֹۡ
һһ£ʵ᲻ǼԶ󣿡
ҶƽδҲû뷨ʱ򣬽ĵͬ־ȽУǵķǣжôУǸòĻҪ飬󵨵ȥֱ̫ӱʡίʡί
һҶƽ˵ʶԼЩˣѺƵЩСˣǵĿ϶ȫһ£ټϼԶĴڣһĹδػ˳
ҶƽĻпԸܵĵǳܵʡίĹעֻҪʡίȫ֧֣ʹڽڲҲ׵ġ
˵ʮӵĻˣҶƽϢΪһзḻ참ļίǣ֪ӸôÿǵЩأӲܰհӵ򣬲ڳֳԼ
ȥԺԺвźԶ˵飬˵ĹϵǺܣȫԷó飬ʱʵЩԣһ飬ĹԱͱ飬һԱǻ˵Զв˶ǽĵҪɲһ飬񲻻ǵ۷׷ף
Ȼ뽭ĵĹԱиʵҲи˵ģΪǽίǣôȫиˣ
һ룬õúͼԶһ£ȻϲԶְԵ磬ǹؼʱȴõϣüԶȳǰͷȻôЭưˡ
ʱûаѼԶйǵȵҶƽ֮뼾Զ̣üԶ֪ˣ֪ȻҶƽǰʲôò
Ӳ죬Դ绰ѼԶ˹ֻͬҶƽԷģһ룬üԶͬһΪãʱ򣬻Ҫֳһ˼ʹҶƽ治˵ͷȴǾ쵽ͼԶ֮Ĳͣڵǰ˵Ƿǳġ
Զӵĵ绰֮ǴӦӣƵſڣ¬кѡԶ֮¬˰죬Ҳûпڰѳ˵߼Զ֪ԶƢڸ֪ʲô
ҶƽݹʱҲˣҪгǣȵеؽвιۣοʼί참ԱȻмίǰû죬СӻеġȻȥԺӲԤܹʽȡмίĹ㱨
һгҪΧƽмͼ칤УǣĹȵʱȥӲһ½ĵľùǸץһӡ
Ҷƽ棬Զ߹һԶҶƽЦֵԶͬ־ּˡ
ԶһЦҶǣӭ㵽ǽ
ڼԶҶƽʵǷǳͼԶĹԶûŽĹԱݣŻԶú̸һ£ԼĳҪʲô
ڣԶѾ뵽ĵ̶棬ʡίӵ˲йصľٱڻܶΪԶǽеҪԱĹԱķҾٱʵٱȻһĿɲԣǱϾȷʵóȻȥ飬϶ǲ˳ġ
ˣҶƽڼԶ󣬱Ե÷ǳɣϴɶˣԶ󿴵ҶƽӣҲϴҶƽеҶƽһһǰҶƽȴǱշûеʲô֮ˡ


1261 Ӳ
һ磬Ҷƽ˼طӲ칤˵ط޷ۻ㿴쵼Ӳ죬ûʲôݣ쵼ֱӰĶߵĻǿ϶ű¿ˣ˻鰲ŵ޷죬ֻ쵼õһ棬һ棬µòʲôʵĶ쵼Ӳ죬ʵ塣
ҶƽԺ˿ǵĸԤȻȥǳĺãʵԤ𵽶ãҲģҶƽǵ˵ͷʾĺãȫʡǰС仰ԵĵطҲ˵޷һӦĻҲûʲôˡ
ϣڴƵҶƽڶೣί㣬ҶƽȻʮҪλãһ𣬼ԶҪ֮ˣҲھϡ
һʱ֮ʮֵңֻ¬ﲻôãΪ֪вźԶ˵£⣬ҶƽȻ̸Цⱳķ˸ߣ˻֪ء
ҪͬҶƽȻǲ¬ͼԶһͬҶƽƽȥҶƽҲо֮ˣȻҲƱյȵòֺ
ԶҶƽҲǺˬ֮ˣûִֵҶƽһһȻˡ
ԶһƱָһָڿлһͻȻ˵˶ǽĵķչ⣬Ҷǣ˵˵ˣһǽĵ׷չĺòãⲻ⣿
ԶȻֱӶҶƽ˵⻰ȥѵĺܣΪҶƽ̬ءҶƽȻҲǺ˲ٵľƣͷͬѣôϼԶĵھʲô̬
һ㶣Զǲͱʲô©ӣţҶƽݸһЦԶгķչôҾ֪ˣͲ̸ˣǣ˵ǲǰ
ţһҶƽĻϽ˵Ҷ˵ǣ죬ҶǾ͵ǽļطһǵľ÷չɾͣɼгԸҶǽ⡣
˾͹ƣ޷ǶǰΧȻԶҪٽŪþպѿԶ֮ĬȻˣվҶƽơ
ҶƽæԸ£վ𲻺ȾƣºȣºȡҶƽ˵ʵǲվ뼾Զʡ쵼Զ󲻹м쵼Զվվ
ָһҶƽʵʮͼԶֱӣֱڱ˴Ͳˡ˵Ҳֻܽ˼Զ󣬳գԶ˭ĻżԶбƢˡ
ȻԶߵزΪֱƢ˾˵ǴϸȥȻ֣أҲˣ
ϣպǢ˼ԶǵС㷹֮ҶƽطϢǣԶҲȥϢ
Ҷƽص֮ϴˢһ£ҲϢˡȵڶһ磬Τ߲ķ䣬һ£˵еƵ˵ǽ䱸ɭϣûܿǺһµˡ
Ҷƽһüʵµǳɹµˣ
Τ߲߲ҵ̸ָоȻƵſڸûжٳϰҲһϰ֪ˣǵ״
Τ߲һҶƽʱˣΪʡίǹϰ֪ˣ϶Ű취״֪ˣ϶ܵģ÷ǿܵġ
Ҷƽ˵ͷ˵СΤ۲ϸұһµҲԱһһѹ¶Ľ˵ǲǣ
Τ߲Ц˵Ҷǣ̫ˣһֶܵĸо
ҶƽЦôֳС˵ˣСΤ˼̫ḻˣ
Τ߲ԴҶƽ浱飬ǸҶƽѧ˲ٵĶһ쵼ķչ̫ҪˣߵһֻҪҶƽ棬Ǻܸˡ
Ҷƽ緹ŵӣͼԶһ׼ȥľÿȥһÿǽзչһ澵ӣԭʱܶ࣬Ǵʱ˹ȥʮָпǲȥĵطҲû̫õȥ
ֻȥÿˣҶƽĴ¾˾ÿһ¼ҵһܺõ㣬ҲʮӸҵչġ
ǵҵҶƽһ߿һоĲ٣˵Ϊ˾ÿķչ˲ٵĹ򣬵ȴֽ֣˸е꣬ʡͷʱ汣Ͳᷢˡ
˵ҲЩûܼʱۣ۵Լɲ
Ҷƽ渡棬֪һҵҵģܴһҸ˾һӪ˾
Ҷƽ߽ҵ֮󣬾ǿһֺݵ߳ӭӣϴЦݣģ֮󣬾ǰҶƽʺá
Ҷǣλǽɷݹ˾³ͬ־ȫ˴˾ǽе֧ҵ֮һչѸ٣ʲǧ˰ɣЦҶƽܵ
΢ЦǣҶǣǧڵĿȥչ
׳־ʡͷˣҶǴ˴ιҪúҶǽһ·չľ顣ĵЦ
һЩҶƽȻ뵽֮ǰ㱨飬ԭ˾ܺ˵ίг˲õ
ҶƽЦ֣佱ӪҵķչǳҪͬ־ˣ
ϸ˵صҶǣ˵໹࣬ǲһСĳӣߵ죬ȫ˸쵼ĹչˣҶǵǹ˾Ƕǹ˾һİҴǹ˾ǧҶǺǵĵʾл
˵һһ׵ģûڳϻ죬ҶƽЦЦû˵еЩ䣬ͬʱźڽеװݵһʲôɫأһǮһͨӪҵͼԶ֮һʲôĹϵ
Ҷƽһ룬һ߸źȥһĳ䣬˽һ³ԼӪҵ֯
ȥҵǳĲҶƽҲе쵼򽻵һ档ʵȲ֪ȫǽίһְšΪʲôᰲֻԼ֪ˡ
ҲкôģǾǹһֱ۵ؿһº˾Լ˵ٿʱҲһͷˮˡ


1262 ̸
Ҷƽ˾Ĵ˿˽ܣȥǳ˷ܣƽʱϰ쵼򽻵˵ҲͷҶƽֻЦ⡣
Ҷƽ˾˸еȽϺ֮⣬ӡĻй˾ڲŲٴƷıȥǳоƺȵ侯սʿˣ˾רŴ˵յıںĹ˾ͷѹ
Ӳ˾Ҳǵˣǹ˾ԷҶƽҶƽһ룬ʵǲʳã
Ц˵ǵģʳáҶƽһ˵ǹ˾ԽְǵճԷ⣬ǲ˼ʳԣǻȥ԰ɡ
Ц˵Ҷǣһٱ㷹ûʲôģǹ˾ʳóԷǶǹ˾ӣȫ˴еġ
˵ʱǣôԷʲôģΪҶƽ˵л˵ǵӪҵԳԺȺȣӰ첻á
ҶƽͷȻ뷨һǣȻ˽ί˾ӣûбҪԷŪʲô۶ž뿪
һ˵ҲҶƽϺʵˣҪǾ԰ɣ
һ˵ҶƽоǲܷӣֻôӦԶٱ㷹ӲһеԱв٣Լмʮˣ쵼ǲ࣬Ա٣мߣа칫ҹԱ˾ʦʮˡ
Ҷƽһ˾ʳãʱй˿ʼʳóԷûţǴӺŽ˾ʳ档
ʳ֮Ȼϵֱͨʮ¥㣬ҶƽԷĵط˵ʳãͨʳգͨʳֻԱԵġ
ʮ֮Ҷƽ㷢ж죬װʮݻǼƵ꣬νʳò˵Ǹ߼Ƶ꣬ƽʱдϼ쵼þƺ̺òӦоУͬʱʩ
һӣҶƽ֪ĵϸԭ뵽ǵĿͣԵķҲԲʳõķˣԼ൱ܵһǼ
ҶƽΪίǣְиݻΪӦԲǣȴһô˵ͬ
ˣҶƽ˵ʲôᳵ·žߣĹϵʮӣ֮ҲܵĹϵ
ǳ˵кҶƽˣȻԶҲܵҶƽڣ͹ԲˣԶ쵹Ҳ֪ȤðǸó
ҶƽһҪóϵȵę́Ѿ׼ˡһҶƽҶǣҪһ㣬ⷦ
Ҷƽһ˵뻹ٿͲȾˣ˵ǵʳóԷôܺȾأʳûǲһ㣡
ЦЦǹ˾н죬벻쵼ֺ֧ͺ񰮣쵼ǹ˾ӲˣȥƵԷ̫˷ѣһʱ䣬ǱŽôһʳãһ⡣
˺ĻҶƽֻЦЦʳÿ²ľƵˣǺ˵㵹Ҳ˵ʲô
ҶƽԸȾƣûм֣ҲеȾƲãȻ˵ⲻھƵȣǵӲ칤ģֳֺȵģȥȷʵǲãֱϷԷɡ
ϺƾͲˣҶǳ극ҪϢרŪɿڵķҶǳԳԾͿˡԸ
һȻеЩʧҲΥּȥŷˡʱ䲻˱Ҷƽһǳʦģα㶼ˣ˵ǳʳãҲ̫ˡ
Ҷƽûжθڣ˳ԵĲ࣬СʱͽˡмվٴνϵƣȻûգҶƽֹˣ֪˼ҶƽͬȾƣҲûа취
ԹҶƽصϢһ£׼뿪ģ˵绹лʵ˵ģʵһг̻ˣûʲôɿˡ
֮ǰҶƽ̸̸һһסָʾ鼰ʱ㱨
ͱҶƽԶԱ̣Ҷƽ˽ָ֣ǣ˴ν֮о
Ҷƽ뿪֮ͼԶվһǶԼԶ˵ϼǻȥ˵һỰ
Զһۣû˵ʲôȥİ칫ҡİ칫֮һ¡
ԶͷҲʱ˺ãƽȣûжԭڳеίǵʱÿģ֮󣬶ǿĺܣΪ֪Լı˭˿ҵ
û뵽ȻĵίǣҳʡίίҲֵߵͣһҲס
ȻͬʱϵĹԱǼԶûж׽֮У෴ЩͣǱߵ£ʣͺܲˣһףȥһף˻ҪģϾڽĴ˶꣬Ŵ೤ʱ䣿
ȻˣϵĶҪģؼʱϾǽϵĹԱֽˣ˵ȥˣԺʲôͲ˵ȻʡίǣڼԶǰ˵Ҳûжٷ
Ⱥһڲ裬Զ²ǲʲôҪҪҶƽߣͰйſҶƽ顣
ǣʲôָʾ˵ɣҶһ˴ٵָʾԶ󡣳һ˵
Ѳ豭£˵ϼԺ˻û̸ģ̸̸ġ
û뵽ᵽ£Զ͵ÿһʲôʱȥһȥΣ
һֳ֮ɫ㲻Լûȥǿհɣտ㣬һߣѵҪյɷˣ
һֱ飬Զһѣȥ˾һˣеε鲻ãһȥһЩҲǵģͲôˣûʲôõġ
ԿǣԺ仯ϼҪʶǶǽĵĹǳӣⷽһҪãܳʲôӡ
Զ˵ǽĵĹһֱǺܺõģзǵĺܴͣڵĹ쵼£Ҳǿչķǳ˳ģǲηκˡ
һԶ֮ˣϵϼⲻη岻η£ԲԵ£
ԶȻһ˵ʲô


1263 Ҫ
ԶһȻ֪ǰһЩȻһԼ˵ϼҪͬԣʲôڻû
ԶָǲҶƽ
̧ͷ˼Զһۣ˵ǣҲԲ˵ǣ֪ҶƽΪʲô𣿡
Զһ룬ð֣ѹ
ģһʵģвźԶ˿鷳
ԶȻһ˵ʲôҪ£
ûǳ㱨ģҶƽʱڳֻдӦ鴦йʵ¡
ԶһʱĬһ룬˵֮ⲻھƣׯ湫ڴ˵Ҳ̫Ѹ˰ɣ
ȲҪȷʵģֻʱԣֹ飬ǿƳһʱ䣬ϼҪϡ
ôϣԶʵ
ͷ뼾ԶԶüָڴӦ
գԶǰӲ칤вųӴԶ֮вŸ⻶ϲϴǰӲ칤Ƕһ֧֣żԶԺÿá
Զвźһû͸¶пܱ飬вŽʮСģίĶҲһûзˣԼ᲻ΪίĿ꣬Զĵеװһ㱣գԶӲĹǶһֿ϶£ίҪԶ϶ͬ⡣
ԶڽĴһһƣԽصĹ˳ֿ϶вŻ㱨棬쵼ӳԱһов»֮ǰȴЩ˪ӣɲġ
˽뼾ԶһԷвʮСķżԶΪ֪ԶƢãˣһҲҵԶ
Ǵ˴μԶȴǶʮֺͰһ㼲ɫıʾûУвﵱȻǷǳϲüԶǲ
ڽŵʱ䲻ˣɣԶ˿в˵
вһһ£˵гһʲô
Զô鳤
вһͲˣίǻθ鳤δţǱ٣һʵȨҲûˣһ뿪ǸλӣͺñԭһɽһӾͻᱬǲ
гһŽŶһЩڽظô࣬ͻȻȥҸϹȥвŵ
вŵĻԶǰ϶вŲǴʱȴʲôû˵вŸߣĶԲ֮һ
вڽίǵλ飬ɵӰܴ󣬶뽭ίǵλӣһЩ𵴣ͬʱҲӦԳһֶΣȻ´㱨飬ֹֻϴ䣬߳Ҫʱ佫вŵ룬ȵ֮ٲ鴦
ԶͷȻ޳ɽвŵҲ鴦вţˣûֶαвš
вڽظô꣬ɼеģƨ治ɾҲǿܴڵģظôḶ́вȴǸɸɾģǲǹأϴѧƽˣһܰڵƽ
һ룬Զ͸©һϢвŵвţ֮㵽ߣԭģԼҲӦ
вһʱ˵ǲֶˣ
ԶҴȥʡһɣоȡ
вŴ󾪣˵ϴε鲻ǽ˭ôҲ˳ۣ
ԶϷŸոտʼǣҪס
вһʱϳ˺Զ˵ǡǡ˵Ƕסˣܶססѵһڽˣ
˰첻Զ뿪˽أв͵ʱûиտʼָ˵ı飬ǼһǰѿһİӳԱеЩơ
㱨Զвŵ顣ϸţȻ˵ϳ£ҽʱȻһҪżڲ鴦Ҫѵ𶯼Сҵ˼ǣȰвŵȻپ鴦㿴ô
һ˵ܲһ𶯿϶ǲܵģ˵дЧȻûЩǱڵĸܷӣԣʱ鴦ġ
ԼЩ˵صǸɲǺõģ˵ЩǱڵĸܷӣЩˣڲ鴦֮ǰɲҲһֲԣȻǼί鴦δػ˳
Ҫвŵ֮ٲеֳȻ֮ǰҶƽ˵ˣΪʲôֱأȻҲ֪˵ڵģβ鴦ЧãԽĲӰҲҶƽķ
ǣҵĽ黹Ǿ͵ز鴦ԶҲǣԶ鳤ҲҪ룬뵽ȥ
ԶڲвҪȷһţί֮˵
ǣȥ֮У©˷в˾Ͳðˡ
һЩصȥǼ֪£˭©
ЩҲ˼ǼίĶһвſ϶죬νҹζ࣬ǵĵҪ
鲻ãһû˵ȥˣǣҲû˵ʲôûеõ׿ϣ϶ǲ²ȥҪ飬Ҫ
ȥ֮˰죬ȥһʡǣȥҶƽҶƽҲڹ۲ŽеĶʵвԶ鶼С飬ǱǴ飬ֻûкͳ˵ֻȸ鴦ˣҪһһֻܰڵʧء
Ҷƽȡһ룬߳Ͱȥ죬ҪһʱҪᶨȵ鴦ԶвŵʱһҪǿеõеĶ˫̽˴ʡǣʡίȫϣ𣿡
еԭҪӣ϶ʱ˲ѹԭΪֻǽвźԶ鴦˾ˣڿҶƽϽڡ
ӦҶƽǰǲֳ֮ʲôìܳϾ˶ʡίίҶƽҲǿевţһһĵ鹤ٲῴԵ
ʱв뼾ԶһʡǣԼѧһԷ
ص㶨Ƶ꣬һǼƵ꣬ѧԼ


1264 ˵
дƵƹ貣ܰţвһ˴ȴļǣû˿ˣԶȥˣȥҹȥˣ˵ĹϵһЩˣԶһʡǣڻȥҹȥҷ
в飬ȻԶʡȥѧˣұ֤һܰƽϾǼίǣѧҲ飬δһܰϡ
ܱȲҺãһЩϢҲǺõģҲˣ鿴ʵڲУ뷨ӣ־ܣھŬһЩƽ½뿪ء
ӵ뷨ģʵӣΪӵ֮󣬸оûڹˬûа취Ҳֻгˡ
ѾֵͨŪżٻգֻҪһж׼⣬˭Ҳû˵Զܸߣ˼Զ󣬼ԶϾ͸߼ίˡ
вģаСʱԶѧһˣæӭӡ
вźѧ֡Цָвŵίгĸɽ
˻ûκεķ֮⣬вżǰȷʵȫʡίǣʡίУεģʱʡίǺǿڴСᶼ˱ｭصĹɼԼڵĴģʽ
ֻһһӾͻ뵽Ϊϼ飬ίҲȫʡΪϼȴȫˡ
ǣˣʲôǰвűֵʮֵ͵
һЦû˵ʲôԶѧѾˣڵǰֵͷҲûеףһȻ뿪ˣʡľûзı仯˵λûзκεı仯ǲҲǲܵģʱȻǲģȻ˴Ҷƽ뽫ͼϵͳĿǰûʲôߣҶƽҲ֪ûкõλӰŸ
вŵ飬ѧѾˣвŵСëǴëڻ˵ѧ֪鶼СëҲ˼ҼǮ飬Ҫڸɲη棬ڹ̷飬ֻǲ²⣬ûƾʵݣҪ鴦вţȷʵԽĵӰ첻ܰæĻԾһ£ڽĵ鲻˹ܣʹҲѶȵġ
ȻˣǻǴӦ˼ԶҪ취һ£вŶɹѹأǲŻһԷ
Էʱ򣬴Ҷû̸ⷽ飬ֻǺȺȾƣɡ극֮ѧ˱ˡ
һߣвžԶԶ˵İɣǶ˺ܹ飬Ű취ҵİҲʲô¡
вһһĸмģȻ뼾ԶĹϵУûиԶ͹ʲôôԶ֮ԻȫΪԸƢ·Եʡ
ȻǲŸжҲŸԶһЩôģǶüԶܾˣüԶһù٣ܰµĺù١
ԼĵȴûаյסͷôḶ́·ȫۼûƽֻɥʧԭһЩϼҲơ
ڣҪˣеˣͬʱϣԶܱϾΪԶҲ˲ٵ£ҲżԶ󲻺á
ѧºԼһЩ飬һͬʡί£ϵȽϤѧȻ֪ҶƽϵȽҶƽϾˣҶƽҲ͵ˣ󻹵Щһ໥֮仹ҪһЩӵģײϣӡ
ӵѧĵ绰ԥһ£ͬ棬ʵҲһѧĵףһвǲڱʲôС
ĵص㲢ʲôƵ꣬һҺС˽˷ݣѧʡίô꣬참еģ绹ʵҲЩǺеѧЩ䣬аİԽԽ٣˲µȴǴ˿òѧЩ衣
һ棬죬ȻѧһתڽĵĹ͸ͦõģûʲôѹпȥָѧЦЦĵȽϸӣҦҵǲøɣҪСһЩͼĹǵ˵飬ӡ
һһȻЦ˵ѧ֣Ժָ̣Ҿ鲻㣬Ҫָ
ǫӣѧЦ˵ָʲôأǺͼгǣ㻹Ƕǵָ̰ɡ
ЦУ˵ֲҵָʲô
ѧҪѧʫʫ⣬ǸɼͼУ̫࣬ܲ졣
һ˵ѧָԽ
ѧɫ糣һ⣬˵ҪǰӶӰ죬ҪǣҪ㸴ˣΰţվҪ뿪ģҪ֣ջҪԡ
ѧ˵ķǳޣǳȴˣ޷ҪжҪǵͼһʱ֮ʹ졣
һʱûб̬ܹѧһѧĵףһҲһѧԵǰƵĿҶƽȻҪΪҶƽɼҲûпǣȻλӡ
ʱ˴Ӱ참λ룬Ϊǵ̫٣˿Ȼʱƣǿ϶ɵˡ
ѧһıֱ֪ڶҡˣ˽˵ǵĹϵһˣ֮Ժ˵ЩΪ˺˵Ļκ¶ҪΪԼһ·Ȼ·ˣˣҵΣҵΣһһǺܺ·ûʱҲпܵģû˵Ҷ·ˡ
۾һ˵ѧֵĻඥһﾪˣҷǳãԺ̡ܽ
ѧһЦ˵˲˵ЩˣǺȾơ
صʡǵļң飬ѧĻ˵ûκεȴǺ̶ܴĸԲȻҲôˣԻڡ
ʡίľˣ֪ر֪࣬⼸ʡίһʲôӣҶƽ֮ת磬һЩˣѧˣҶƽѾȻߣȴ˵ͣⱳżԶּ⡣
沨Ǽԭȷʵһܴ⣬ҶƽɼģŸҪ񽻸죬ΪҶƽ˵Ҫڵ飬ǶһĪΣΪѧ˵ʶתǶԼһֱѡ


1265 ΰǵ
һϰʱ򣬳ûиϵȥҶƽķ䣬浱ǰ
ռһЩϣȶԶʵʩ˫棬ڲȡ˫֮ǰȹҶƽһ¡
Ҷƽڰ칫Ӽ˹Ҷƽ֮ͷеİգг죬ܼʱ㱨ȻǷǳ˵ġ
ڳⷽĹ֮û뿪ǰѧ˵͵齲˳˵ҶƽݽһͶ״ҶƽĿʼΪڴ֮ǰʹҶƽҲῼǵΪˣһЩ۸ӵĹϵǱȽԽϺõģԲŻ
ȻһҶƽ˵Ҷƽʱ˵鴦һԶвžпһЩ˵ķֱˣ˵ǳӣҪ߶ǡ
һ룬Ҷƽס˳ֵڽˣҿǲنˣԿˣͻƲģȥϢ˫вźԶ˵׼
һǸеȣѵ˵Ҫıԭľһ˫
ＤоһִսǰĸоҶƽ·ǳ֮ǰĻǴӲϽбʾģڿҶƽ뷨ˡ
ͷһҶƽķԸҶƽȥ׼Ͼͻȥֺܡ
뿪ˣ뿪Ҷƽͷʼĥͣһһ벻ô뷴ˣó֣ڽĵһҪӣ˵ˣӰ쵽ֵķչʱӦǶԳȫɥʧͷ󻹻ܵӰ죬һûܵӰ죬һβܵӰ죬˵ͷ
Ҷƽһ룬Τ߲ΰǵȥһ绰һΰûʱ䣬Ҫһΰǣһ¡
Τ߲һȥ绰ΰǵΰʱ䣬ԼҶһԷҶƽ֪󣬵˵ͷҪ̲ȡжýΰǵУûƹһ£ֻΰ
ΰǻһ˼ѧҳ˵ͣ˺Σգٴʡί棬֮ǰһʱ޴ûкõְλûѧȻҳ˵ͣǾͲˡ
뽨ΰڽвɳӣ¬Ÿȥ¬ίǣǶһ־棬Ըı佭ίĹɣһĹġ
ȻҪ¬Ŀǰ»ҪһΪʡͷ˶ǴڵģԽеκһǵע⣬㲻ãǻмԵġ
Ҷƽ˰ʶ⣬Ŀǰ˵ֻܼһȡɢˣưѿز
һ룬Ҷƽΰǽ¬εʡֻ¬ţܼ˲ͬ¬Σ¬ű˿϶᲻
ϣҶƽΰһΪ֪Сطһ¡ΰΪʡίҪѿش֣ҪҶƽİı䰲ʡ״
һ棬ΰǾǽסҶƽЦŵƽˡ
ҶƽЦ࣬ÿǿ¡
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ɶԱȥѲ£ҶƽϴѾΰ˵ˣǳٳûУҪ񷱶࣬ʱջû뿪ʡ֮˰˯ΰǸеʹѲҲЧѣѾ뿪͸߼Ҳ˵ʱҪһЩˣҪҶƽϡ
Ҷƽ˵ǣⷽĹѾ׼ĲˣʡίڲҲкȺ֮취ˡ
ΰһ˵ȻкȺ֮ǾͱҪԱ
ҶƽίѧҿʡίˣƽȥɣŸ쵼ְͿˡ
ΰһҶƽйѧҶƽһΰǱʾ˵ȷʡίˣȣãǲʡίġ
⣬Ҳ뷨һ£ȻĿǰðҪ翼ǡҶƽ⡣
ΰǵͷӲίҪðҪŻʸϣݲҪȴʱѧֱӽˣҰŸѧ̸
ΰ÷ѧ̸Ŀ÷ѧĹҶƽֱѧ̸ѧҶƽֽĻҶƽͻѿ
ΰǵ⣬ҶƽҲ⣬ѧŲҲֻԸô죿
Ҷƽһ˵ѧ̸̸ɣһΣȥвŵ⣬Ū˰죬вˣйԴ̸һ̸ɡ
ΰһ˵Ҳãȥ̸һҲУڹʱǸǡ
Ҷƽΰ̶飬вźԶΰҰ̬ȽˣΰǣҲг䵱ģȻ̫ԡ
ΰһǸе񻰣һʡɲίҪһɲȻģԴ⣬ҪҶƽһСϡ
Ҷƽΰһϣ˼£Ȼſչá
ҶƽȥԺ󣬱ʡίдһݱ潻ΰǣص㽲вٵ⣬ԺǿԻ㱨ΰҲǱȽʺϣҲûʲô
ΰǽӵʡίԺ󣬷ֱʡίͽίʾҪ鴦вŵ⣬ٵΪҪദ
ҶƽΰԼãΰ·ָʾͬʱǰų˫вŵ׼¶вųӻ߷¼
Ҷƽڴ֮ǰԸȥһ绰ǰأȺʡί칫ί·ʾ֮ʱֱȥ̬ͬ˫вš
ӹ绰Ժ˸׼ŰвŸٽ˫棬ǵвǰ֪Ϣ᲻ͷ鷳ˣԾֱȥأвŵİ칫ȥ˫
Ϊ˱֤˳УҶƽһ룬綫ɵȥԥн棬綫ԴʡίټΰǵʾʹűвţҲΪ


1266 в
綫ͳһİ칫ңΰʾ齲һ£ʡίڽӵΰǵʾ֮ǳӣר˹ʵ顣
ʱίûнӵΰǵʾеЩ֣һ˵ΰʾ˵ʲôˣһʡίǳͱΰˣŽвŵ֮óвŲȡʩû뵽ίżӦԣ׽ˡ
綫ͳ㱨ʱί칫ҵΰǵʾӹ󣬿һ£ʾͬ־ͬ־רʾˣûôǼͼ첿ʵɡ
һ˱̬¶˱û˵ʲô֮˳صİ칫һڽصļͼ칤飬вŲȡʩвŴ
вŴʱڽأѧҹԺһ˿˿ϣ԰ƽͷͿ˭ùˣƾʲôֻץң
ʱ򣬳ɳĹ飬˽ίΪȷвܴߣʱ侯侯սʿ
֮Ҳ֪ͨؼίֱвŵİ칫ңȷвڰ칫ںŶ룬вŶ˰칫档
ӵʡίһͼԱͽмίһǣίʶвţвһһ˵ǣǣ
ίǵ߰ɣȥмί
вһǿ򶨵ʲô𣿡
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вſ⸱ƣʵ֪һʲôˣҪʰһ¶ȴüίֹˣֱˡ
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һҲ֪вſĳˣвűѾüί˸ˡ
вŵİ칫⵽Ѳ֮ûзʲôֵΪвѾеĶȫôʱˣɵڰ칫ʲô֤ݡ
вű֮綫ʡίĹԱн֣ٴʡǽ飬мίϣûквż棬вΪͳһģܼһ棬֪ж󣬵ȴֱüίԱʡˡ
вűߵĵڶ죬ίԺſ˷˱ڣвڽش㽨裬ͿĲһһЩϰյķܵǿһЩϰ֪ί鴦֮󣬱űڣһʱĴ죬ίԺڲ˿֮Ҳûֹ
֪֮ûʲôʾΰʾвŵ˲תʵϣʹΰǲʾвҲҪ̨ģֻʱ⣬вڽŪ̫ˣ̫࣬Ҷƽֹע˲ֻвŵĵ̨Ӱ쵽еϣƳһ¡
֮ǰ֮뼾ԶĿüԶ󳪰üԶֹϵвţȻٳ̣óƳٵвţ˭֪ΰȴǽ뷨ͬ⣬ǱϿȴʡίΰǶԴ½һʾ
ⱳӦҶƽ⣬ҶƽסвŲţʶ鴦вŵԿܱȽǿΰǵĽ֤һ㣬ʡίҪԽеĿҪӣյ֮ȡĶ
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Щʱ򣬼ԶˣΪҲ֪вűʡί˴ߵ£֪Ժ
һԶҲ֮ڣвǼԶİвų£϶סǿǵĴ֣ԶһʼҲͬвš
֪Զڱѧ飬ǼԶв˵ĶҶƽȡȻʩԷϢĻᣬһٽвŸ¡
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Ҷ鲻̫ȷʵǵʾԿ
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һ۵ڻĶԣвȷʵŪЩ񻰣ҶƽǰҶûдӦʾʵûסˣԶ㲻ҪˣһøӸӣ˵һЩ˵棬𣿡
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˵ֻȰԶһ仰ɸɾ£װˣҪ²һҪɾɾ£˵塣вȷ˲ٵ£Ҳ˲ٵĺ֢⼸귢չĺܺòڴͶĻϲȡˣصĲľһķչǳҪ֤Ŀв˶ĹףҲΪܵɣξǱУȻ᷸ġ
ûкվһߣԶһۣɵ˵Ҳ˿вţвſһίǣǽרƳȥģڱ鴦ˣǶǽĵһ̣ҵģʱҲ̸вθˣ̸ǽˣնǽĵҲų˽˸£ǽǣʡίίʱ˼ҿЦ
⻰һ˵ʹɫʱ˼ԶһۣԶ˵¾Щ˼ɣ˵⻰Ҳ̫չԼˣȻ˵ʵ鲻ڵƿص


1267 ԶĶ
Ҫ˵ˣ˵ǲֻ˼Լ⣬ʵдεвŸˣʡί鴦ҲҪ鴦Զͬ־ϣвиٿһίίᣬͨвŵ飬øίȫμӻ顣
ԶҲٿˣ֪ҲǱȽջ𣬵ް취ʡίίʡίҪ쵼ǰ˵ϻҲǲ࣬ȻڸλȴûǰӲⷽ˻治ڷλӣһ뷽跨ʡίҪô졣
ȻίǶǻٿʲôίᣬֱٿȫиɲ᲻ƻһЩԶһ䡣
ȴ˵̫󣬷ḴӣСΧвίǣҪǾʾίǵġ
ԶԶһǲҲҪ浰ǻôʾ
Զһ˵ȴвŵ飬һҪ̬Ҫ˸ץסѱؼʱ̣Ҫһ£һвŲֵȥΪ
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һۣû˵Ҳֻˣвű֮ûвʲô⣬Ǿͺ˵ˣǴڵǲܵģԣֻĴ㡣
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Զǳƣջص칫ңӼ˧ͻȻһ˵֣ڿǱһأҹ㣡
һԶžһ˵ƨԺٺͺĶϹͣ
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˧һ˵ǳΣﻹҪѧϰҲȥ
ԶԼ˼㵽ҵĻ㵽УҲȴĴǿҰ˸ϵһѧУϳѧϰ
˧ԶǻƢҲƣŲȥ⣬ȥ⣬زģȻ˵һЩ棬ڹҲҵûʲôģڹһ浹ǿԣҪѧϰҲɡ
˧һ룬˵֣ڵһûæأæ߿ɲԣҪǿأ뷨һ¡
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õأõأ˾ཫҪˣһжгæµģʲôô죿Լָ׬Ǯʱ˵ˡ
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ȻĺԼûκεĺôĵؿԵĸ˾ҲӪ÷չһˣ⻹ĺôˣԼӱϾڸź׬Ǯ
ղԼ˼˧뵱ڸһӣ֪ʲôӦȻ˵Щˣȴ˦СԼǿǲá
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һȥ˾ǣԶһЩھǣȴԼӹԼ£ɰ
ҺȥҵĻգԼյ֮ûȥأһ绰ٲȥͲˡ
ԶһЦ̫ˣһȥǿεģȥ֮ǰҲһ𡣡
Թ˺һ£Ц˳εģҪǹھǵ㡣


1268 ְ
ҶƽѧеԼİ칫ңҪѧ̸̸ʡίʡѲԱ
ְλҲǲȻǷ쵼ְ񣬵Ҳǵ쵼ģ̫ԡ
ѧʱҲʼ˹ģвŵı鴦ɴһΪ֮ǰڵвŵʱҶƽ㱨вûκ⣬Źвš
вȴʡί˸ʡǣҶƽʱ϶ˡڴ֮ǰûκйҪ˫вŵϢȥǰҲû˵
һʱ֮䣬˸еһЩѹҶƽûаǽͨȻ鴦һίǣҪʡίʲôҲͲҪڰڲͨ»Ǹе˲á
ȻʡίȻٹ̣Ҳű仯Ȼвûзٱ仯һЩҶƽͬʱҲ˿ͷҶƽĿ
ѧ˸еҶƽ䣬Ҷƽǻȥ˵ƣΪ˱Ͼʡίһ֣ӵеȨҪһεĻ֮ϣȻźĻûһֵΣȵҿͷ֮Ǿͻʧȥԭơ
סΪʸϣʹҶƽڣҶƽҲöѧȴЩסûʵ
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Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ѧ˵ҶǣҲϽ棬뿪ʡίܲˣϾʡίһˣҪһ뿪ҸϽܲˡ
Ӧ飬ҶƽͷȻǲˣҪѧôһ׵¡
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˵ҶǺ̸ˣ뿪ʡίΪ˱ʾ֧ҶϽ飬ְϣʡί
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ֻ˵ǲ÷ǵڵְλɣǺܺ𣿡
Ҷƽȴ˵ǿɲУɣʡί֯ƼһһʲôҪְλڵְλѾʺˡ
Ҷƽ˳ˮۣŪôֲŰѧŪ£˰죬пŪɳ׾Լˡ
Ҷǣ˵˵ĻǾͬѧְˡæı
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еЩҶƽˣŰѧģڿûаѧǰ˵æˣѧ֪ˣ϶ҪԹ
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Ҷǣѧͬ־ǱȽܸɵģпܵĻҶһǶ֧Ҷġôһ䡣


1269 Զ
Ҷƽû˵뿪İ칫ңеʧģûаѧ񣬷Ūɳ׾ˡ
뿪֮Ҷƽһ룬Ϊѧ˵ģ˵ҪһӣȻԺϣһεȴǲǸӲӵĻҪѧʡίˣûκء
ǷְţҶƽ֯йȥʡί̸֯һ̸飬ְţӺðˣȻְһЩ飬ûϵڿ˳ˮۣ취ˡ
ְͽʡί֮֯󣬹ˣ˼Ƭ̣ȥһ绰һͰҶƽ˵ˡ
һоðˣҶƽһ뽫ѧʡίѧְҪд˴ְţⲻ˼ҵҶƽһ˳ˮۣһʱʧˡ
˰죬齫ѧʡί֯θί֯˵࣬֯ԸһЩΪ֯ǹܹٵĵطίֻŰ˼ҵĹٸĵط˺ΣҪ˼ҵĹٿɲô׵ġ
һоѧȥʡί֯ҲȻ˵ʧ֣ǵ֯໥֧ҲǺܺõġ
ҶƽֻܾѧǵȥȴþԭѧȥѲԱΰ˵ģ֪֪֯ڹҪѧʡί֯ҪǷԵĻֻʡίίϷˣڳίϷԣᵼļǵòʧġ
һ룬ûзԹѧʡί֯ΰǱͨ˸鰴չԸҪѧҪˣû
ΰҶƽڸĿǣҲûٽʲôͰ죬Ҳֹ
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оѧ뿪ʡίȥʡίְ֯ĳίϣһµǱ¬ŵУʡũҵԭũҵݣλӡ
ίǵʡũҵһΣ¬ﵱȻܸˣũҵ֮󣬹˵Ϳֱȥίǣ⼶ȥˡ
˸еۻң뿪֮ƺĹԱܵˣ˼Ҳ²ͷйأǲ֪ǣȴΰǺҶƽĲ롣
¬ŵУΰǰʡί칫һֱӵίǣίѡϣȻ밲Լŵùˣΰ̸˵ˣõ淴ԣֻýΰѡгίǡ
ͷʵоΰǶľ֮ģΪĻίѡϣӦѡǣֱѡ˵¬˵һõźš
뷨Ȳ뽭ĹԱȫһ£ͬʱҲȫȡΰǵΣǸеǳģüԶ󿴲ĵط
ԶܵǺ棬Ȼһȥառˣ̸Цʺڹ˾Ӫôչĺòã
ֳһͣ˵һѻҲһũ񣬵еСͷԣʱջǵνУʱнУĵСегһӲĻʶ˺ǳܸɣѺΪ͡
ʱŶʮ꣬˵֮󣬷չӪҵ˳ˣô귢չȥڰҵչһȻ
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ҵյԭ򣬳ж֮⣬Ҫǣնİ˽ģûʲôϵҪղҪǮҪĲƣҪǸǮջǳ׬ЩǮףôˣûȥ
͸յ˼ãҲûиǮյŮһڹ⣬һھǣҲܰһæҲǲͬ⣬־òúޱ
ͬڼԶǰôߵţԶ˭ǰȴǴҴͬҲΪǰӲû˿ĸ˽ġ
Զܴһҵ˾ľɳΪһгûյЯǸܵģԴվԴԼĸһֻͻȻ뿪˰ʡﲻˣʹӣԸˡ
ڼգԶͷСĽǴʱյûˣеԶˣûԭǰнȡˣԼڰʡôºóȥĻԶҲǳɲġ
̸úˣԼȴǺ䵭Զеﲻζ˰죬ղſ˵Ǹвİ
вű鴦£֪˵źܺõϢԴģԶһ˵в˺ܸɣȻȱ㣬ǹȴǺпԣķǳã㵱Ҳ˵𣿿֧
Զһ˵ȴѵʲôˣ֧£һҪ˵Ʒԣв̰۸ܣʲô֧⣿˵㻹Ҫ㱣ҸǣжĹ󸯰ˣ˭ҲᱣģҲˣ֤ʲôˣǶҪǲʲôΥ͹£Ҫٹң
ЩæȰϣгҪвţĵ㣬һߣǱ߾ͳ£˹㡣
漾ԶԲһ˵ʲôԲԵģԼû⣬ͲԣԼ⣬˲ҲҪ£ҵԭȥӸַ֧ܹѽе蹤ãԭʡʱ򣬿ܹڿؾˣⷽץòϣҵʧˣҪãܷһץһ
˵ûԶֻãæǰȴûԶеΣһξ֮Уûκջˣûȡն֧֣ճһ٣ȥǲá
ֻк֪ŲȥɢϢǷһЩ̬ȣȷʵеЩˡ


1270 Ѳ
ԶһƵ뿪˾ǣһ·Ϻ𾭿ǿص£üԶץٿ齫ˡ
Զǲãں飬һ˪صϺĵĵƤһҵģôĵظʲô
Զһ룬ϾǹҲס˵гȻвŵǳ㷢˻𣬵ĿĻǺãҲǲֻ֪ǰ˵ˡ
һԶ˿Űɣ˵һ˽ģϹŰһ֪Ϊô£϶ġ
Ц֮ĺ˵ĺĺг͹һǮûУ
Զɨһ۵ü˧㲻ҪˣʲôֱӴ绰ҡ
һԶˣЦ˧˧Ҳã֮ҲһЩȻ֮仹ôֻһӣ㻹ܵгί㶼ȥʡ͸ˣ뿪ˣȥϣҲˣⲻǴ㣬˵ʵԣڣõõĶҪõȻˣûа취ˣǿظ˭ҲǸ˭ỳʲôè壬ģֻҪһغ󣬾Ͳˡ
Ȱ˵żԶ󣬼ԶȻĻЩǺҲʵڵʱѹˣίǣһֱгλϣȻ˵ԴȨգǱϾһ֣ΪһԱ˵˭ǰһΪ쵼
ҲмĹˣ꣬ͻжгһְŪĺˣȥʡ˴ʡЭθϯεģõİţŪãֱӾȨվˡ
Զص֮ٿ飬оǿʮĶصת⣬Զڵ϶˵ӣʾʵſܴٽķչģ˾ܺҲ˻᳡һ¿Ĺ滮
ڼԶ껰֮˻᳡ȫԱѿ滮ˡ֮󣬹ƣÿһλԱŽ潲滮Ҳܲӡ
뿪֮Աһͬ⽫õؿ齻ſ˾ǩسЭ顣
ȡؿ̸֮Զ֮Ӽ˧Ļͷתǧȥǹ˾ӶΪصĹ滮ʲôǼ˧˾ģȻֻһͷĿ޷ü˧׬Ǯ
˧õЩǮ֮ڼԶҪ³ѧϰ뿪˽С֮󣬼Զ泩һЩԼӳһԶԶĺһЩҪٸκε鷳ˡ
Զոտ飬ԶʡίмίԱϴˣίûͨвһֱӴӰ칫潫Զˡ
ԶߣڲӰ첻СΪԶιĹֳڱߣȻҪԽвһܴӰ졣
˵вŵıһܴӰĻôԶߣ»̽һС𶯡
ϾеһЩɽҵϰҪԶ򽻵ȻԶǰѾԶ乬֮ǰԶ򽻵ĿǣھͻеЩʧˡ
ҶƽǳԶвŰԶӰвűϾֻһίǣӰڽءвѾ˽صһЩҵЩҵл˴һǧԪĲƲ漰٣ȫش󲿷ֵĸɲ͹Ǯ
Ҷƽ֪֮ʮ𾪣ϱΰ֮ʾҪϲ飬漰ʲô漰ж㣬Ҫϲ顣
ҶƽרųԱ֯ɹȫפأҲܽţΪôĸίⲻ˻˵л˵ҪҪе쵼Ρ
вɵӰѾôˣԶڵй־ֳӰȫеģֶǿҵе͸Ӹˡ
ҶƽָʾԱһҪвһԶڵһɶزԶйصνдڵĸ
вŸеԼ·ˣڼίԱǿѶ£е˳֮󣬲Ÿе£ԼȻôֱҪˡ
ΪһũĶܵίǣһʵۣҲðˣ䵽ⲽǸ
ҶƽѲвŵİ참綫֪вڵľ״̬󣬱ָʾˣ취вżвȶٽҷĺʱ򣬲ֻ⣬ҲҪйص
綫˵ǿʼĿ𹤷вȻԼ⣬һֱ˵⣬Ҳ˵Ը⺦ˣԼô⣬ûĻʱ뷨вſڣġ
ҶƽԶвŰ֮󣬸ΰǵİţʡίѲԸпʼѲѲ顣
Ҷƽʡίίص㱨˿չѲ͹ѲҪԣͨѲٽܹϸʡί߲Ҫչطιغμɵ
ҶƽڻϽ֮ΰص㽲ָʡίѲӻҪԣҪӴѲ͹Ѳ飬ʡίԱɼѲ鵽ԼʡֱؽѲ顣
֮˼Ƕʾֳ֧Ѳ֤ʡίľ߲ܹõʵ
ΰǺҶƽ飬˲ͬҲУϾһȷκ˶ûԣǲұ֤˵еǺõģ˵ôоһַ̣ڽзвŰԶԺʡίίϱЩ̧ͷ
ΪʡίǣȻҲʶΰǺҶƽҪѲҲֻܱʾͬ⣬ûκηԵɡ
ʡίѲ칫ң칫ʡίҶƽѲӰΣֱʡί쵼ʡ˴ʡЭʡί֯ʡʡίص쵼Ѳ鳤ԱпչѲӡ
ʡί֯ѧ˹ѧԭʡίԸʡίѲӻĹҶƽڵ֪֮󣬵ǲ˵ʲôʡί֯ľľ
Ȼ˵ԱҶƽȫǳѲ֮η乤ġѧ潭УС
潭Ǻĸݵأѧ֪֮Ҳֵȥ潭ȻȥѲӣҶƽǲȥĵģҲԼΪʲôҶƽˣв֮飬ڻǱȽϵĵģֵ͵


1271 Ů
ʡί㱨Ϊ潭еίǣͬʱҲȫʡΨһŮίǣһ֪ԵһҶƽѾˡ
ŸɳŶգʱ赸ĺãĸãɫҲʮֳڣȨŮɲ˵ʮټġ
ʮӱȻѾʮ꣬Ҷƽ䲻£ҶƽСôһ꣬ǿȥȴʮˣڴǻͷʾԺܸߣֻίǣЩɫҲǰ
Ϲʡһɲ߸ǾǲԶˣصңϹźûźϹĿԡ
Ϊ߼ɲмϹǾǷǳƵģԸ಻ίǡڽæؼҵʱҲ٣ʵϹķ޹ϵѾʵֻǹٵزͥѾǴҪˣҲüͥӰԼ;Խھؼңͷƴ
ԴϴμҶƽ֮󣬽ͷһǿҵĸ飬һҶƽǿĸоָоܹ֣ͺñһ˻Ůãã˺֮ͻȻһŮ˻ˣ鲻ԽؾҪǰȥڨͬŮ
ѹഺŮ䣬Ǵ˴Ҷƽ֮ȻȻĶ޷ѣ֪һʲôС
Ҷƽ긻ǿӼίǸλ;Ͽãòãκ˿˶һҶƽ֮󣬸ǿеҶƽϵʣȻһίǣվһŮˣǻġ
ҶƽһۼʱҲýһŮˣŮԵͬʱҲ쵼ߵϣǰӦסţҲǱȽϾŮˡ
˴ʡίҶƽҪΪ飬ѧ潭ѲӹӴͬʱҲṩøķ񣬱֤Ѳӹ˳С
ѧ潭潭ĸɲﵱȻҲЩӣǺĵ̣ڽൽˣಢ潭ϵĸɲҪ潭ĸɲô𽪶࣬潭ĸɲȴָо˵ȥΪǽĵĸɲ
ĵҲʮֵĸӣ潭лһЩкĸɲϣ˻һ£һѲӳ̫ණӰ첻ãΰѲӹһǳͷ۵顣
ѧֻǸѲӣվҶƽҪѲӵ飬ҪҶƽ֧֡
ˣŵʡίҶƽһ̸һǿһԼĿе
Ҷƽ֪ҪԼһ±ͬˣ˼һίǣԼǾûв˼֮⣬ο˼һһŮίǡ
Լ칫ҵʱҶƽվȥӭͬһ㣬ǴЦݣһ崺֮С
ͬ־ӭӭҶƽ˹ЦסֻʪỬ֣ѽ˽
ͻȻһַȵĸоȻ˲伴ţǻоˣһʱʮ˵ЦҶǣ㣬ûɣ
ҶƽЦӭŮǴŰ
ҶƽЦһӻԳ˷֮⣬ЦҶǣ˧ǰ
Ů˧磬Ƕɣ˰ҶƽЦ
ҲǴЦ
ŹϣҶƽ뽪ʱףഩһ׻ɫ޷ӴΧһɫΧˣ֮󣬾ǰΧõˣ¶һȦ׵Ĳ
ͷȲҲ̣УֳŮԵͬʱҲֳΪίǵָ
Ҷǣ潭еĹǳҪ֧֣ʲôʱпȥӲ칤ЦҶƽ˵ʱһ˫۾ЩؿҶƽ
Ҷƽе۾̺ĶļͥӦôҸһѻŮǲȥ˵ģΪԼܵˣٺãҲȤģȻһŮίǣǸһŮˣŮ˾ͻŮ˵ͬһ
Ҷƽ΢Цһµʱһȥ潭ҲʡһҪĵؼУ˵вʤżϴȥûʱȥ´ȥʱһĴȥתһת
˵ȫͬҶǣеĻǾԼʱ䣬вУûʱ䣿
벻ôżӦһ£ǽȴʽˣͲûؾˡҶƽһۣоԼȥ潭ʲô£Լ죬Բ˵ȵȥ潭һϤǺ˵ˡ
಻ǽĵĸɲһŮͬ־ȥǳľͬʱһŮԵᣬĸɲҪ뷨ӽһ£һĹġ
һ룬ҶƽҲһܵĹţʱĻҾȥڸոտʼѲ飬ŵȥһûüȥأ
ֵˣȻӭҶȥ
ҶƽЦ˵ͬ־ȻʡίˣԹ߰ɣʳб㷹
֮ãЦҶͣҶ಻˼
ҶƽǺЦ㶼е˼ȥддǵģǸ˼
ȴЦ˵ʡ쵼дʡ쵼ʲô˵ģ
ҶƽЦȫҵǿˣ㵽ҲǿˣԴһҪǲǰ
Ц˿ȥʮֵˣ಻ǵίǣһһλʮͻݵľӼŮˣθıֻԼǰŻչֳŮһ棬һ龳֮£Ųı֡
ֻǺҶƽģһЩŵȵҶƽȥ潭֮ٸٽ磬ҶƽȥίʳóԷ
Ȼ˵ʳãҶƽʡ쵼֮Ȼд׼ͬһ㣬Ե³ɻйͬ࣬Ȼϣ˹ͬ˵ͬ⣬ҶƽҪд֮ͬһ¡
Ե³ɺ֮һҲŮŮǵĽţýæµһкһ¡
ڱȽҶƽ䣬ΪĲǱƨдϣʵʵĹǲǵģˣҶƽ׽ʱ򻹲ˣеҪʱ򣬱һЩɫ£һ£Ҫʱһ¡ҶƽרͬԷ£һ£ǱȽϸ˵ġ
һ±к𽪶䵱𶫵ĽɫҶƽﱣ΢Цֳһʡ쵼ϣԵ³ͬýࡣ


1272 
Ҷƽȥ潭Ӳ칤һǽ룬һǷһҪٸгԾʱûʲô
ֻԽУ潭еĹҲҪȥ潭УȻȻΪʲôҪһλίȥ潭Ӳ죿
ҪǳܱģҶƽԼİ칫̸˰СʱвŰµĽչڼίԱ£ʲôˣȥԶ͹ͺΣ͹ę́ƺ̣û͹Ǯ쵼͹ЩСҲ˳
Щ治ᵱ£ȴһ𾪵Ϣѧ͹ֵʮԪ
һϢˣѧԭĹϵȻĻѧҲ˵飬˵ͣ飬еǳ𾪣ϾѧǼίĸɲҪ֪ίĸɲǷǳɵģȻôȥලˣ
ĻѧΪӵΥΥˡвţв֤ʵǵΪƽԼѧ˽Ƿһŷ͵ȥģѧƴһ±ˡ
евûк˵Ӧ滰Ҷƽرѧڻ潭пչѲӹνʡίѲӻҪȴǳһţ
ѧһֱ¼ͼ칤źǿķѧ֪ˣҲܳ⣬ˣذܷǳҪԳҶƽ֮⣬˭ûиߡ
ҶƽųвŰĻ㱨ΪвŻѼԶٱйؼԶľٱźܶ࣬Ǻܶ඼ǵ;˵вǼԶĸӦһЩвȴ˵һЩëƤС£̼ƿƸ˼Զһëе֣ѲɼԶľٱǼٵģ
ԼԶûиɣȴðѧҲĸ⣬ѧΪͼˣȻҲִ᷸󣬿ɼܲǵһ˼ҵĶˣвŵĶգ˵Ķա
Ҷƽһ룬δ⣬ѧɲʡί֯ĸʡίѲһ鳤ȴð£ʡίȽΣ
Ҷƽɫڳ֮ϸһ룬Ȼ˵ȽʡίеΣһܵȥѲӱˣһַ̣鲻鴦ΣҲֵиطаܱز
뵽ѧڻʡί֯飬Ҷƽһת˶ԲߣҪúõһ顣
Ҷƽ鳤Ե³ɺΤ߲һᳵӵ潭С潭һʷĻǣȻʵûнôۺ񣬵ȫʡľõλҲǲͣǰλϣ潭֮ܺͽһߵͣһľãһʷĻǵĶλ潭дչβҵд˺ܴ֮ȱǲࡣعҵΪԴҵʢУ»ȾأǽĵĵطԱȻִ˲ƣ޷ΪЩҵԴGDP
ൽ潭еؽȥӭҶƽҶƽȻϲӭªϰȴԸܵһأҪ֪ΪίǣһҲֻʡίǺʡʱŻˣֻһʡίί
潭ؽҶƽĴ潭еˮɽԼǲ׳羰е֮ǰ˽ԺȻĶǸ¥ãǾûĻ
潭еĳнҲܾ£ŮˣȻ潭нɵģȴܺõؼ̳潭зչĴͳҲԴΪ潭ܷչģĹΰ
ֻǽಢƼĸɲûйϵȻԴΪǶԽȥ潭ְЩ
Ҷƽֱ潭齣ʡίѲҲ칫ѧͻȻ֪ҶƽǸеȣȻѾ뿪ʡίȴǸѲӵĻҶƽֻҶƽ档
Ҷƽ֮󣬽ฺͬмίǵȻҲҪ㱨ѧ֪Ҷƽ档
ѧҶƽ֣ѧһЦѧʡί֯ѲӹʱʣѧҶƽȻܺԭǰԴǰڲˡ
ִʡίְ֯θһְҶƽ֪ѧ֮ĹϵѧвŵĽܻߣɻʡί֯Ӱ죬ͬʱҲӰ쵽ˡ
ҶƽΰմѧĽڵ㣬ѧȻʡί֯ǳȴʡίίλϣʵʡί֯޹أˣ黹Ҫ˼һ
Ҷƽѧǰûбֳʲôһ۲һѧĶһҪһѲӵĹԱ
ԣҶƽ󣬵һ±ټȫѲԱСᣬοһ¡
һͬμᡣѧҶƽȫѲԱΪеѲԱҶƽʶʹʡίԱҲһЩǲʶġ
Ҷƽǽ̸˽ҪһкʡίصҪѲӣ֤ʡίľ߲ܹõ᳹ʵ
ҶƽĻﱣֲ潭ڸϻǷǳʡί߲𱣳һµģ潭Ӧûʡί߲һµ飬ͷȴһҪҶƽ㱨ϣܽѲӵĻᴦѧѹ
ѧѲҶƽ˹㱨Ҫ˵ǰչЩûнѲӳɹѲӳɹҪʱܳڿ϶ǲ˵ģѲӳɹҪ潭ί㱨
ѧĻ㱨Ҷƽ˽ǽˣɢᣬҶƽ뽪뿪ҶƽصԼķϢµĻѧӦ㱨һ¹Ѳӹзֵȵȡ
ֵǣѧȻûеԼڲʡίˣԲҪôʱҶƽ㱨ˣȵѲӹԺҶƽ㱨Ҳ١
ҶƽԼķѧû㱨ǲҪѧ̸̸вŸͽ˵һ˵һ̬ȣһ룬ȴûΤ߲ȥ֪ͨѧ
ںѧ̸˻оʱЩԣõȵѧѲӽ֮⣬ҪĻǰѲӣȻΰǱ֮
һ룬Ҷƽûȥ飬Ҳѧ㱨ˣϢһ˵ϢҪ潭мͼίȥӲ칤


1273 ίǵľٱ
ҶƽͬӲ潭еļͼ칤ͬʱҲ潭е˼ӣ潭г㱨ȫеľùί㱨˼ͼ칤
Ӳ̷ǳ˳ҶƽƵƵͷʾϿɣýоǳӣҶƽ൱Ϊվ̨ˣеǳĸˡ
ϣΪᣬȫ潭ίίԼ˴Э쵼ϯҶƽĵλãͬǹ£ΧҶƽҶƽһǰӵĸо
Ҷƽʱ΢Ц紺ӣҲǸе쵼µ潭ίǱȽŽģȻֳ棬һ˲μᣬĳʲô취Ȼ˲ҲпǲĳϣЩ˹Ҳпܿʡίǵݣ潭еİӻǱȽŽġ
г潭ˣĹϵܺãൽͬԶһ㲻ˣʱҲǱȻ˷ǳ˿û뽪ʲô϶ϵӡ
˿ңҶƽٱҺȾƣٱæ߾ӣ˵ҶǣҲǶƱҶƽơ
ѧҲμᣬֵòԾȻ󣬽ҲǷǳأϾǴʡίǴʱҶƽһְλͲˣֻ˾ΣȻҪԭҶƽʡί˳ȥȻʡίְ֯λҲǲǶٻôҾһǷʲô
극֮ҶƽȻеͷһЩΣʶʮѵģص䣬˹Ҳ˾ƣǺȵò࣬ɫЩ죬Ҷƽ󣬸оһЩɬĸо
ҶƽķҶƽ²źԼ̸飬ˣȻȵЩκҶƽͷԷǳѣӰ쵽̸ġ
ȸҶƽһˮҶƽ˵һлȻ˵ˮ֮󣬽Ҷƽûкȶ֮ĻҶƽЦŵٶЩҲû⡣
Ц˵ҶƽǺҶƽЦЦһĵڰ齲˳ԭһֱ潭иг֣Ȼһг潭ȷǷǳг⣬˭£ļ潭Ĵıȡ棬Ϊ潭һľ޸潭б׼ĵطʵɡ
ŽѲӵĻᣬָѧЩţΪ֪ѧڸ˲£˴εѲ鳤ʵʡί㱨ĻֵͻᵢˣּǮǮƽ飬ʱҲ˵ΪĻֻ̫࣬ĺҶƽ˵ȻҶƽѲֵֻҪѲ˳ͱȽϺð죬ָ㲻嵽˭ȻǺ޵ͷ
໳ĿҶƽ˻㱨һҶƽʲôһίǻһгҲټּ潭вȾָ๤̣úܲҪԹϵʮУίǣŸӲˬ
Ҷƽ꽪棬۾һᣬ൱Լٱ֣һгɲҪΰǵͬ⣬ȻʡίǣҲ̬ͷҪúÿһſԣֻҪо⣬˵
ʱԸ˵£ʵǶһΣΪ鲻ʲô飬֪Ҷƽٱ˴£֪϶ǲãҶƽǷǳͽΪĹԱ壬ûкøУΪļ巢չȥͻΪͷҵطΣǳĽ
ҶƽȻûб̬Ǹ߽࣬߶о⣬ԲעⱣܣ¶ȻǴӦʱҲЩţٱһг֪Ҷƽο
ͬ־лл֧ҵĹлл㡣Ҷƽ˵֮Žֱʾл
ҲЩ˵ҶǣҪллǣ潭еĹҪ֧֡
֮󣬽ǣҶƽúϢҶƽţȻܿǲ֪Ҷƽ̸ʲô
ڽ֮ҶƽϢȴҲʼֵ飬֪ѧյйطӳֵ⣬᲻ʵ棬ô죿
Ͼһг滹ǱȽصģûγѹʡίǲֱӳҪ˭Ͳ˭Ļõ߱˲ġ
ͲðѧطѲӣ֪潭лĻֱӺѧ˵£ΪѧѾţôֱӺ˵£
ѧ㱨йصĹ˵ѧδػע⣬˵Ըע⣬пܵģĻӵһгľٱӦʲôӳԼһ¡
Ҷƽ˰죬ûоҪô죬ѧ潭г뷨ѧѲ鳤ˡ
ڶ磬Ҷƽֿһ潭еžͷʡˣǰס֣ҶƽЦһЦ뿪ˡ
صʡԺҶƽΰ㱨Ҫǻ㱨вžٱѧ飬ûл㱨ֵ£ֵ´ʱû㱨ҪѲ鷴ӳ֮ٻ㱨
ΰǽ齫ѧȻ̸һʲô̬ȣȻΰһ˼һ±ʾҪദѧʡίʡί֯ǷǳҪĲţǲ̵ģҪԲ졣
Ҷƽͷʾͬ⣬漰ʡί֯ΰһ£ȡ֧֡
ΰҶƽ˼ѧǹŪʡί֯ģڳ⣬ϲÿÿԽʩѹȻûȥ׷ʲôΣϸеÿ
˰֮󣬶˼ƲߣҶƽصʡί֮󣬱㿼ɳεѲ鳤˰컹ǴʡίգȻⵥλˣա
ΰǱ͹кһѧͷǶһ£ΰ̸ˣŪһܷӵ֯ϲÿΰǵ̸£æʾֶ֧ѧĲ鴦
ʾֲ֧鴦ѧΰǾȺѧ̸һ̸һѧ̬ȣ̹׿Դᴦ
һΰҪѧ̸ͲԸ⣬̸ʲô£ѧֹ֮ϵȥѧ̸ɻһõĸоѧʡί֯ĸɲΰ̸Ҫǲ̸Ļ˭̸ʡί̸ǾͲ̸ֱӲˣΰԼ̸


1274 ̸
潭игû뵽ԼѲԱѧѲӹ綫Ҷƽɵ
ǰҶƽ˵ף潭󣬱֪صʲôˡΪ潭еĸгӴ󣬶ԱĽҲܺãҪִѲӵĶðҲҪһԽġ
綫ټйԱ̸̸ûἰֵ⣬ΪгҲ̸֮һȻڲ˳ʲô£ԾǶԼӳԱ֮ʡ
ΪгҪֹܹĹĵܵ潭и㷿زŲΪ֪Ȩı˽Ϊ綫Ѳӵص˹ͬʱ̸Ķֱŵĸˣ潭ܴ𶯡
ڽҶƽͨˣȻǲеʲôСֵģǸԾ͸оһˣǲѧ֮ʡίѲҪӴ潭ѲȣĻǲΪҶƽ潭ӲԺ󣬷ʲô⣬ŵأ
ԵĶ˭أԲɵؾͻͬʱ쵼ӳԱҲЩʣ̸飬һ
Լ壬а취ǽףˣֻøǣʡίѲӷǳҪϺþˣصʲôΥΥͣҲûа취
ԵĻ˵úɣǰĸгǵȻҲֺɣøԻϲɾ
ûйʸԣȽϳͬʱ潭оӪô꣬̽綼Լ붯治ô׵ģҲȽϴƵ֣붯Ҫһº潭жһŶҪεģ͸ԶȽϿ
Ȼû뵽Ŀһ񣬶ԶĿһأ˵Ŀǲһġ֪ʮĻһеԼʧܣΪһʸĹţһŮίҲ㲻Ļǰڹٳϻһˡ
Ȼ˿ǣ˽λȥʮȴǷǳСŮˣ潭УԲ˵ƶƽͻȥҪθʡɲûһɼ϶ǲеģҪɼ͵Ҫ潭˵㡣
ȻгϵãԭʡίǺǿѾ룬ֻпԼķܶõʡί쵼ϿɣҲ˵õΰǵϿɡ
ȻѡǱߵĹԱ£ǰˣΪѾߣʹղߣҲĹԱ˥ıԵΪＫطʢ˥һȻĹɣڽĹԱĺʱѾȥˣ潭ĹԱͬҲˣĳ˱ɻڴʱʧҪٽһҪʡί쵼ŽʡίΧ
ҶƽõһӣӽҶƽϣҶƽ֧ͬʱҶƽҲһλ쵼ˣˣҶƽĻǻɵˡ
ҶƽǺ̬ȵ£ֱӾȥҶƽû뵽ҶƽĹ۸вž潭Ӳ죬еҶƽģŻҶƽֵ顣
Ҷƽܿ콫ѧأ綫˹ȻǿչѲӹĿ꿪ʼָˡ
һ֣Կס潭ĹԱڣֺܿйأʱҲסֵʱ򣬸Ӧʶ潭Ҫѧһˡ
ȻûȥʸԣҲǾ쵽˷綫Թй쵼ʻʻֵ쵼Īڴ֮ǰЩǷǳĻġ
綫ں͹ֵ쵼̸ʱصʼڹڵ⣬Щֵ쵼Զԣֻƣ˵鶼ְŵģûа취
쵼ƣûа취µİ취潭йֵ쵼Ҳ⣬ΪǾðƱȽϱգϾҪ쵼ɲѶȷǳĴ
ִּй쵼Ŀ˵ʱ綫֪ԼҪˣй쵼Ļ֤ڷֹܹڼ潭г飬ṵ̂۸ܵһҪ쵼ΣҪ˵ܵ潭Ĵõؿز
綫ͽ̸˻ںͽ̸ʱ˳綫֪Ҷƽӳ飬綫֮Ҫ˵ΪýίǣҪһ̬ȡ
綫ʱ򣬽΢Цԣʾ˭ֻҪΥΥ͵鷢˼ֶ֧ΥΥͷӵĲ鴦˿档
֪̬ȣ綫ɹձصʡǡ潭չʱ򣬹ѧ̸˻
ΰǰѧ̸ܵʱ䣬æûкѧ̸ѧڱ֮һֱûҶƽѲ鳤ҶƽȴŷӸˡ
ѧʱǳƣ֪Ƶ黹ںͷΰ˽Ժͷһֱһĥô顣
ѧڽĵĹԱȥȻٵķ̫ѧʡί֯ǶһӰˣ뷨ѧǲʡίһˣΰǺҶƽ϶ҪܵԴˣűȽѵʶġ
һ뵽飬ԥһӣΪ˲Ӱ쵽Ҳûкͷ˵飬÷֪󲻺ôԥһ֮˾ģѧҹ̸ͬʱ֪ͨʡί
Ҷƽ֪Ϣ֮Ի֪ͨʡίΪ̸껰֮󣬾ҪѧʡίûȨѧ˼ҽġ
Ҷƽӵ֪ͨԺ󣬰˰ѧ֪Ҷƽȥѧʱһɵˣ̫ͻȻˣû뵽ڴһƹ
ֻðҶƽİǰʡί֯ѧʡίѧ֯顣ͻȻûжٻأֻܰҶƽķԸ¡
Ҷƽ֮Իȥ£Ȼģ֪ѧϵУȴȥ£ʵһѵľء
ѧӱΣԼп뵽ΣȥѧԼ־ùȥضìܵġ
ʡί֯󣬹ںѧ̸Żѧв֪Ҫʲôǵв齲ʱѧһǺĴڣ˵в
ѧϴ£ȼһϣΪѧ˵ûЩ⣬ǰһ£Ҫ̫ȥʡίһ˵Ϳˡ


1275 
ѧһĲ죬Ϊһϼͼ죬֪ϵĳֻøȥʡί참ȥ
Ȼһ·Ҫѧ˵һĻԻҶƽһĹԱȻ˵ûлᡣ
ʱ뿪ʡίĳ嶯ҶƽȴִеһЩڴ£ٴʡίʲô˼
˵뷨Ǻ֣ڴ֮ǰ˲Ը뿪ʡίұҲͬ뿪ʡίôҪһλãǴʱȴǸеûҶƽε£䵱һȵĽɫ뷢ãҶƽضԿ
ԿҲҪʵɣȻһʵҶƽȻȱɡ
һ·ѧˣȴҲԼˣеЩĻˣΪоʹԼʡίӪô꣬ʡίǳ㣬ҶƽΣʵûжٻֻ֮Ӧԡ
ɴͷһ⣬ȻǽĵĹԱԱڶ࣬Ʒǳǿ󣬵ǿĶأԴ֮ҶƽڰĵĹԱʼ֣һǽǽûˣͿԹιˣҶƽΰǻľǽûǽʵĹԱʲôûˡ
͹˶һǽһôǴǵסģҲ൱һԽСһЩͬҲ޷ֿġ
ȻγһƬɭ֣ܵסЩ˵ģǣЩվУ˶и˵뷨βɭ֣Ȼ޷ֵ硣
Ϊʲôջһǽֻһ⣬˰죬ǽҲһγɵģȷϵ̫࣬ͬʱǿӲΪ˸ΰҲҪʡ쵼ҲҪڣ˲ǽն԰ķչźܴӰ죬һεǽ
Ȼ֮󣬷˭Ҳû½һǽûֻǸְҲǣȻְֻֻڽģҼԶ󻹶γ˳⣬Ǹû
ʡίͬҲֻһְְǿվǸְǰְɵԼȥְȻǲܵ£ûȡҶƽ֮
ԴʵֻӦԣΪŰҶƽԿԿȻΪֻһöӣȻŶǶʲôҲ˲ʱߵΣա
ѧ͵참㣬绰֪ҶƽҶƽӵԺѧԼдϣҷʡʱ䣬Ȼᡣ
ӵҶƽָʾ̸ϻʡίҡѧʡίñѶƱػЩ˼ԼдϣͿԽ⣬ҶƽǷǳġ
ʡίĻңҶƽٿʡίί飬вɲҪѧ齲һ
ʱҶƽѾ˻ңԱҲɫһǳšΪҶƽղѾ˻֪ѧ˼ҽ顣
Ҷƽ˵һ°ɡ
Ҷƽ£ҿ֪ȥѧʡί참ģǸе¸ӷͬСɣΪ˭֪ѧ֮Ĺϵ
ͬ־ǣʡίǼͼأǼල˵ģӲԼලˣߴңʡίӲôҾԲĴڣ˻˵ҲղãҲɻвУ㲻Ӳ뷨ȷǴشҪӲֻ㲻ղ˼ҵĶҪҪӲӲڼලˣеලˣӲѧ飬ҿ˺ܾãҪҪΪͣΪλͬ־ʡίʱܳʡί֯ôһҪλϣҪҪûи飬ҵĿǷΧ֮Уǵұΰʱΰǵ̬Ⱥȷ۴жߵλӣжĹףֻҪ˵͹ûκλأǵҪǵԭǵĵߣ˭ҲΥã
Ҷƽڻ᳡صѻȸɫЩڰոǲҪӦԣҶƽھ˵ĻƺרͬʱҶƽѧ˵ͣʡίĸɲʡίЩɲǣ²վһˡ
һһ·ΪҶƽֽѧ˵£Ҷ֪ѧܹ֮ϵѧŪӣʡί̧ͷ
ҶƽţͬʱҲѵˣԺ˭һ𣿳ǲϽˣȻ˵ʡͷһİĴڣʵһʲôҲΪͬΪļǴӽĳĸɲһͳƣ˵ڵʱ򣬻һͷģҷΪʦȻûо֯ǻγһԺûհףˣҲΪԼǽĹԱҪάʲôǶһЩɿĶ
ҪϽҪ֯֯˭Ȼһ֯ҪҪҶƽʡί£֣ɼ
Ҷƽ᳡֮ٿλ飬ʵһɨӰĻ飬Ҫڻͳһ˼룬ʡίȫԭǰңҪ˼ϵĻңʡίͷһֱźӰ죬ͨѧһ£ʵӰ죬ôףԺҪôô
˿ңҶƽ˵ѧӣʡίԼҪѧʡίô꣬ҸϤܲµ֣ܲܰͬ־ûеףͬ־мӻͬ־ƽͬ־ﶼûеףΪѧ̫ϤˣǣǻҪ£жôϤֻҪΥ˵ίǾҪޣãҿӣͬ־ͬ־ȥ£Ѿѧд˽ˣһ̬Σ̬ȲУشǵһء
Ҷƽһ˵ɫǶ䣬ΪҶƽѧȴǲѧһǵţȻǶһֲΣֲΣҿֱӸܵĵ˻ԴҵӰ졣
Ҷƽˣȴ޷վҪӣΪĻһΪŰѧأҲЩ޷ѧô죿


1276 ʧ
ҶƽĻͷҲһȻҶƽ֮ǽҶƽҶƽôҶƽõ綫ͳˣμӻƽ˱ȽƽȣҶƽǼȲǺӣҲ䵭ܸоҶƽûڴԴ
ҶƽͻȻ񽻵ϣеȻٵλãҲǺܺˣȻƲסԼĵƽȣ̫ҪҶƽˡ
Ҷƽȴһܺõ񣬱ϾԵѧ˵˵ѧĻԣȥԵʱ򣬿¾Ͳһ׵¡
ľȻشӦһԼеļ֮飬˿ܸѧĵ̨Ҫ֪ίͷõ˲ٰȻʱǸҳͷȥΪѧ˵ʲô
ˣͿ£ɢᡣҶƽһվȥһû˵ֱ߳ѧ
֮Ҷƽжμӻƽı黹ûлָеԼˣҶƽȥѧȴѧ¡
˭֪ǲһ·ģȴѧ£ҶƽⲻҪˣֶ𣿵֪ҶƽˣֶҲûãΪҶƽһ֣쵼ˣֶǽ쵼ˣֶǾͽиıЧһǽȴǲһ
ҶƽºֶǼ˵ѧʡίôʱ䣬Ҫ뷨Ӱ죬һҪʡίԱһµǵѧ£ǶҪо裬˵ΪʡίˣԾͲ᷸ΥҼҲû˲ˣԲԼҪԼҪȶԱ˻ҪأôŷǣǼǣһҪʶһ㣬ǾǶԴίҪȶԴɲҪϸ˾ãô뿪ͼ飬ǿǲ
Ҷƽ˵֮󣬿˿ңĿϡһ̣ȻҶƽƽʱ̣ʱȴҶƽǰ̣ƽĵ顣
ҾʡίĸɲǺõģֻǳһѧѧڻвŵĽ黹˵½ǲЩ磿ȻҶǼίɲҪҪĸɲҪϣͬҪϣ϶ҪȲϺãҶǵҪܸߣҪϡе̻ҵ˵ޱ˵
ҶƽĿǰｲûжɫ˵֮ǣ˵˵
˵ͬҶǵѧ˼ұĽӰʮֶӣвżֵʮĽ˵ƽʱûаѷͷϣȻ˻ȥǸҼǵǳҪȴҪȥô̰ˣ˼ҵûΥΥ͵ǵ鲻ˣѧԼһģղ˵ѧвŵĽ֪ǵаУԼ˼ǮƵûм˼ҾٱȳǲųϵģвŲẦҲܺȥص죬ŹвŵʱʵͰԼݽȥˣҾѵǳֵ̣ȥȡҶǸղŽҪѧӰ죬Ҿ÷ǳбҪǳʱ˻һǵԱҲǷǳбҪǳʱģҪһǵĶ齨ãʡίҶǶǵ
ĽܷҶƽθڣ˵˵ľжİӣʵһҲû˵μӻƽ֮󶼺ܶݣеҶƽǰǱַǳˡ
ĻɵЩסСӽģֱеޱŭȴûκεķӣˣҪǺۿ϶Ǳ粻ġ
һ˵꣬Ҷƽֻɨһۣûַǳı飬֪ĳͶ̴һ£ûǹ۲һʱ䣬ʵı֡ŷһԭƽİȻںʵʱŰų
ӽıЧǱȽϲԺԣҲЧ˵һЩ˵ĻŪ˽Ҫˡ
һ˵꣬μӻƽҲ̬ʾ޳ҶƽѧӰ죬顣
Ƕ̬ˣҶƽܽᣬȥѧӣһҪѧķڷԼ⳹׽
ԺǻصԼİ칫ңҪҶƽҪҲͰˣһֱûҶƽ£Сȴʮջ
ҶƽĳţʹҲûʲô취һ룬ȥҹ͹һ
ѧĳ£ʡίĽĹԱ϶ҪˣԭνĲֿ϶ҪˣҪ͹һ£һô죬Ǽʡίȫء
֮һ˵Ĭڵγףյߣ޷µλãνĽĹԱһˣߵñȽϽߵñȽϽԭյģԼıȽ϶һЩ˵ˣô˵
ѧŪʡί֯£Ϊ£ŲСѹΰȻû˵ͷ϶뷨ģֻҪʲô˵ͻѹҲǲð찡
ǰ죬ʡίֻҪʡίҶƽҲϳϾѧһҶƽҪĴڡ
һҶƽȻûҪһʵɺͺʵλã߱βҶƽķԸʡί֯ѧĻ»ΪҶƽʡίɡ
Һûѡ˷ӣҶƽûѧ˵ҲЩɣȻ治ô飬ʱ첻ãҶƽһɵ
Ȼʹͷ⣬ΪٴʡίѾûκε壬Ҷƽ˿ܵҶƽ䣬ʼת򣬱סλãʡίȥֻӳȥԽԽɨء
һ룬е뷨˹ܲԼȥֻгҲУһӵļͼ죬ҲɵûоͷˣҪܵϼ꣬Ҳڹٳһ⡣
Ļһʱûб̬뵱гίǣһҪᣬһ滹ʵȨֲ֧УȻ֯ûоȨȨΰǶ


1277 ܲ
ȥҹûð취ȰʡίôʡίǵְҶƽõõģʲô
ΣֻͬʡίطӲţ˵ŪʡѵҶƽһֱﵣʡίǣ
ңеԼҪȻҶƽʮ䣬ԼϾǶ֣Լʡί滹ʵģܾô뿪ʡίҶƽóѡ
»˶־ѧĴɵӰ̫ڸеͷԻججʴˡ
ػصʡίάԼʡίĵλ԰ܣܾʹ˳٣Ա
ѧУȻ֮ǰѧΪûʲô£ֻõ쵼ĳţӶˣȴҪѶиоǲ̫һ
ѧܲȡвŽʵþҲûãѣҶƽ겻ɣǿҪ˸Цˡ
ҪҵѧܲԭʵԭܺңѧȻֻҪԼУ滹ܰģ˰죬ʲôҲûУǾлΪ˵ˣҶƽѹ¾͵÷ȥһܡ
Ҷƽ֮ûȥѧİӣʵֿǣӣѧİӰ첻ȥĻύˡ
ѧźǿķͬʱЩˣ;ܲصˣһʱ֮䣬˽֡
ͷ󺹣ܻѧҸ㣬Ѿˣûκλˣ㻹翹㽫·һ
ѧм˵ûǲܳϣòŸҶƽʲôҲ˹ˡ
ѧŲмһ˵ȥƣֲֻܴöѧ֪Ϊʲô˵޷ǻΪ˻ܰ㣬Ҹ㣬ܰ㣬Ͱˣȵڣڻܰ㣬˵ʲôǾҲΪˣû˸Ϊ˵ڲ˵ֻһʱ䣬ǶûкôҶʲô㣬Ҳ֪ˣ˵ˣȻַˣǸˣɣ㲻ҪôˣʵΨһ·
˼빤ƽʱòģʱѧֻóСѧһʱʱţùȥǺӣ㲻ȥǾǳΪˣûϣˣҪס
ִԲǲǣҸ㣬㲻ҲԣҶǻ㱨ʱҶǷ˻Ŀ㡣в˵װףȴϣԭ˵ʱ򣬿ɲ֮ǰһֱûãͷǲҲߣ㵱ʱǴȻвأв漰̫ˣȴһҲûвв˵ǼԶ㣬æǻûҼԶʵأڸ˵㲻˵ʱԶ˵ˣ㻹лûˣúɣҶºУأеĻٸ飬Բ˶ߣѧ˼빤
ѧĻȻΪٵȼ쿴֮ȻûΪ˵ҲֻóˣҪȵһϣ
ѧΪʵܻʱҶƽ֪ĽչеԼİ칫
ֻȥҶƽİ칫ңѧڵҶƽһҶƽһ֪ѧڻл룬Ŭѧ̫ǿ˵ѧ˼ҽ²һģҲҪѧӲͷҪһԽģ˵뷨ѧӱܴ
Ҷƽ֮󣬵гɼͼѧʡԺֵ̰Աǰ룬ѧ׶룬ô棬һ󣬵ʡί
⣬ȫѧǰİӣһûп֮顣ӦžҪȥҶƽͻȻһ£Ҳ£һڻһѧΪʲôô𾢵Ҫʲôû֪أⷽҲµ
Ҷƽȥһ飬ôʱԶҲ˽չԶԶˣҲǸٱˡԶȥԺʮֵӣھ˼붷֮󣬽ȡ˻¸飬ȡԶ¸ҲˣԶûоٱ
ҶƽָʾȥԶԶʱΪԶ¶ܵ˵ĵ顣һͷһȥԶ
ԶڽҲһ۵Ľɫȴ˽֮ΪԶٵ顣
ԶԺ󣬾غϵĽֻýԼԶлһԪʵԶæɿ֤㽻֮ͳȥģȴͳ˸й̸
ԶȻ뵽˽ĵ֮УȻֻһӣΪʲôٱʱԶһ£ʲô˵ƺҪر⡣
ӣͳһ⣬һ룬̶ԶӴѶȣԶ򽻴顣
ԶϾֻһˣΪȫ˶Լȥѧˣðö࣬ˣûغϣԶˡ
֮ԻٱΪ˾һܽġ֮ǰȷ͹ʮǮܿ˸ûҪΪ͹˱һҧǮܻˡ
Ϊ˾ҵͬʱһĽӴ˾ܱҵϣȥٱ³֮˾Ȼк񱨡
ڽУ˵˾ǿ϶ûȥģڿˣ˾ⲻҪˣֻôӦ
һʼʱҲԥ˵ǹʹܸ쵼ľҪ£ǰźõģֻҪȥٱͿˣ鲻ܣҪʲôġ
Զ˵Ӧ˴£ʡίмίоٱ޲ԣȻɱ˵һȽε£ΪһģΪ£ǮĹԱ̫ѵˣȴΪͷҲǸеܲܡ
ԶĻͳôһˣ˾ᵽʲô쵼ʲô˼һ쵼󵽵׻ʲôԵʣüȥС


1278 Ͷʯ·
綫潭лҶƽֵһЩγһ潻Ҷƽ
綫ύı棬Ҷƽûʲôߣ潭игɲҪ뽫鴦ˣ뱨ΰǲУȻʱѧ黹ûи壬Ǳ갸鵱УæʹҪ참ҲҪһһУһӰѰӶˡ
Ҷƽһ룬ѳйвŵİŪдɣвѾĲˣԺڳȥ顣
ҶƽĻȻհ죬ҶƽԶһЩвһǣһѧ⣬ǣ˽ίί칫Σǲûǣ쵼Զڡ
ҶƽԭΪԶвʲôǣʵ֤Զв֮ûʲôȨǮĽףԶôĲСģ֮ǰԼԶľٱʧʵ֮һҲ˵ԶǷΥΥ͵ҪһھȻ϶һиΪǿԺܴ󣬲Ȼľٱôࡣ
Ҷƽ棬Զ˺öϰĻ¸о˾ģԶ˵˾ĸܰ˾޴ӪҵڽһʲôλãԼ뼾Զ֮ǷŷǳӵĹϵ̫Ҫ⿪һ֪顣
㱨ҶƽȻǷǳӣ˾ܺѾʶˣһǳ򽻵ˣ˾ԶлߣȻǵĸְԶٱ濴һŸӵϵһ˾档
Զֽ֮Իӹֳλϵ鳤ְˣΪ˾ĻԶ˵˾лߵ鵽ǲģ
ô˾ȻҪΪίĿ꣬˾ҵȫʡҲǾصҵȫ˴ðһķյġ
ҪҪȥӴ˾ˣȥӴ˾ˣֻҪʾҶƽ
Ҷƽ˳ı֮Ҳ˼׹ϵ˵вѧȻҲһֻҪץѱˣЩ뱣ѧҲûа취Ժҵϰ壬ۺʽһз紵ݶ˵Ūʲô˵ЩʵӴҵжԿͿԡ
ѧôԿ飬ֻǹһˣȻŰʱҲǰĪؼûԴ⣬˲ΪٴۣȻ˺ҵϰ壬˾пеʽ飬ʱ򣬺ܻܿıصĶ
ˣĴҵҶƽоأˣԽ֪ȶҪԣʹһЩõҪһʱ䣬ܼɡ
ֻŴﵽ鴦˵Ŀ꣬Ҫڲ鴦ͬʱܱ֤ȶֳ鴦ЧΪ˲鴦鴦
ڻһشûнǾѧ飬ѧûнҶڿأʱȥ˾飬Ǿǰɢˡ
ҲȫûΪҶƽҪڽнһУ̽һˮˮǳ
Ҷƽ֪ͨԶʡίһˣͺͼԶ̸һ̸һûѧ˵飬ѧҪ鴦вһ¡
ֻвŽˣѧûнڿһԶһʲô̬ȣû顣
ҶƽĿľڽͶһŴʯӣЩȶֲþʧأǴһ״̬Ȼ״̬нʧȥֿ־
֪Ҷƽţʱ󾪣ҶƽпҪԶ֣ԶһԹԱͬʱҲһĹԱȫʡ֪ȣҶƽеʡί̸µڶҾͶ֪ˡ
е𾪵ǣҶƽȻͼԶ̸뼾Զ֮ĹϵҶƽӦ֪ģȴ˰ȻҲǱ⡣
²˼Ҷƽĵһ˼̽뼾Զ֮ĹϵͼԶ̸ʲôڶ˼ǣ뼾Զ̸洫һõҲ㻵ϢǾ֮С
һ룬оҶƽڶԼԶ֣һ˳üԶľһ൱Ͷʯ·Ҷƽ˾ࡣ
˰죬ƴǵģȫҶƽİţתһ룬ͼԶ̸һ̸ȽϺãԼ֮С
ӦˣҶƽ֪û˵ʲôҪȥһѧһҪѧɡ
Ϊʡίǣһǲֱ뱻ӴģΪòţҲͷ㹻󣬹ؼʱ򻹵öȥҶƽ֮ǰ͸ɹ˵£ѧӴһ£ڰˡ
ѧѾ쵽ޣ˰˵鵽ҲûǷǹûк˼Ҷƽ˽ѧǷҪӣΪѧǵĹϵ죬ˣҶƽĲô죿
Ƕûĵ£ܳ棬Ϊû˽ģ˵˼ɵ˼ɵǣʶڰʡӰ쵽ΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˵ʱ򣬼뿪˰ʡ뿪֮Ҳûгָʡ
ջ㱨ѧ飬˰Ҳûһѧķ˵Ҳûã粻˵Ϊûʲô
ԭѧĹϵҲܺãڽģѧ˸Ӵţ˵飬˸еѧ֮ǲż˵Ĺϵ
һ»пܣϾѧ֮ǰʡί֯ӳٳûнԹһ¡
Ȼȴû뷨ѧ±еˣҪȥ˵飬׼ڡ
һѧҪñ˰æ뷨ûʲôҶƽǰʱı鲻һ㶣Ҷƽʲô
²⣬Ҷƽһ鲻תҪϣǣҶƽеõһЩҪϣôҶƽǲûκ߰ɡ
ֻҶƽѧ˴ڣ˶˳ȥ˿ѧҶƽһԵô廹ðɣ
Ҷƽʺһ䣬Ŀѧͷ׷ϡڴ֮ǰҶƽûзͷʲôͷһͷȻ׵ˡ
ѧĻһʱûжǰҶƽԼĳ˿ģΪҶƽģûҶƽȻǸ߸ϵ֯


1279 ֮ϲ
ѧ˵ӣҶƽ΢΢üԭؼίǡм쳤ٵİӣûѧǿӲǳ̵ˡ
ѧȻû˵ͷȴҶƽ⣬֪ûҶƽϴڳˡ
Ҷƽ߽֮ѧĶ棬ĿϣѶеʱһѹƣµ˱Ͼ顣
Ȼѧ˵ʺǿҶƽĿ⣬ǰͷת𴦣ȥҶƽҶƽһԼѧٴοȥ˵ҽ㣬ӦףԼǲҪԼ˽ᣬܵôˣҲ֪ߡ
Ҷƽ˵ôһ䣬ѧĿת˹ƺҪԾҶƽֿ˿˵ڿԲصʵ࣬㣬ﰲȫ뿪»صԭλϣÿҸ㣬ԶѾʡίû˻㣬ֻܰԼҹһλᣬԼǰɣ
Ҷƽ˵仰ѧı֣ѧ̧ͷһ뿪˵ҶǣȻˣҾ͸һӣ޷ҳЩ£ðɣҳϣȷвŵĽԲ𵳶ҵ
ѧҶƽصʵҶƽܸܵͷǲģǿ˲ǰ˳ϡ
һѧҶƽǲǾ㣿û㣬Ϊ˲£϶ҵʡίǺҡӦ֪ΪʲôҪʡίߣһЩ£ǼίɲǲµĹߣһͼĸɲְλȨҫģҲȨı˽ģάЩܵļģ㱾ˣȥˣܻ˵˵ĶǴӵҸ㣬նС˶廹ʲô׷˶п壬˶׷ʵ棬ǻ̸ʲôǧĹҪһ㾫ģϰˣɲģѵûúõһ룬Լ£׶ԲסԼԲס֯ҪҪεҪҪҪҪʵĸˣ
ҶƽĻѧĶĤҶƽĻѧһʱĬҶƽ󻰣ˣʹҲӦ棬˵ĻԼţҲǲ£ûд˵ľֻܱúһûκε壬ֻʹϵޱȶ䣬
ÿ˶ȥƽСʱÿһ˶壬ͻһָܵϢǰǹڽˣ˵Сÿûж˼룬ڹڽ˵Сǵ⣬СҪ໥ƽǡ
Ҷƽѧ̸ͷǲ뷨ѧܸеԼȽϿΪǼίɲίɲмµģµ̫ˣΪʲô£òԼ˲£ΪҶƽ˶ԿǸһվվˣԻһ
ûȥԼ鵽׶ԲԣϢľûʶһ㣬ԼΪʲôñ˴ˣ׶Բԡ
ҶƽʵҪ⿪ĽᣬĻ롣ʵҶƽѧҲǿˣΪһֱڣϣ鶼ûз˲ܳʹܲϡ
ʽ˻룬飬ֻﲻҶƽЩ˼˵ȷҪһ㾫ģû˾Ǿʬ⣬ûʲôܵ˼ɵĲ鴦ҲҪ֧ԼȻ˵ͻ
úһɣÿһ˶ҪŸеķȥߣҪԼĲԽԽͣҪ壬ͭڴϣǶţҶƽ˿ѧ˵
ѧ˶ݣеԼ˲õͷţ쵼쵼仰ͰһЩ˵ˣ֮ǰЩѶԱô˵ȥģѶԱҲûа취Ҷƽĳ֣õһγ׵ͷţôˣоԼõҪͰҶƽ˵ȥɡ
ҶǣҳԼĴûаպԼһЩ£һЩ飬Ǳġѧͷ˵
Ҷƽһһʵģ
ѧ˳˵˺ܶ£ԭͷԲûסԼһϵ
ҶƽǾû뵽ѧʱҷĹϵǷǳа
ܲܰйصдύңҶƽɫص
ѧԣҰдֻԼ
ҶƽİɣֻҪܰصʵһᷢģһһ㣬ôһ£
һҶƽ£ѧʱһ˵ɱ飬һֱеⲻȥҺ
Ҷƽô£㽲һ
ѧ˾ĺҵң취һоٱţյٱ֮󣬾Ű취ˣǵʱƽûͬ⣬Ҷ㵽֮󣬾ͷЩ飬ɱˡ
ѧᵽ˺ҶƽеĵһЩ벻ˣȻǹԱͶûʲôãûʲô֤֤Ӹ˭˻ߣҺȫ˴кǿӰ
֪ȫģЩֱӸ˵ңʱ˸ң㽲ǳҪϣϺǵĵ鹤Ҷƽ֣صضѧ
ѧ˵ͷڽЩ֮󣬸еȫޱȵɣڵõһȫĵͷţû̸ⷬеԼһĿǣôҲӲڽ˳һжˣΪе尾ˡ
֮Ҫ飬ΪеԼ˳ˣȻΪʲôûκεĶ޷õѣȻûΪ£ΪʲôҪԼһӣеһУ
Ҷƽȫյһ֮ϲû뵽ѧ˳һ飬еջķᣬеΪѧϣЩԴͻƿڣγһµľˣʱãͷʱ򣬻ͻȻġ


1280 ԼԶ
û뵽ѧڹؼʱ򹩳ȻûȡвŵǮƣڱвŵĿģѧ汣вţѧвͽʱûаסԼ˴
֮ĹϵУǷĿʱҲû뵽ġѧԺҲûŰѧΪ˻ڼίίϸѧ˵˺û̬ȲûҶƽĻһЩ
ˣٵѹĺܶ࣬Ҫ֪ѧӸܵΥͷӣǼͼɲΪܷĿѹж󣿳֧㹻࣬еôûֵĵλǲôġ
ˣֻܿѧ¶޶ԣͬʱǱҲûʲôѧͬһӱضˡǼԶ˼ε绰һѧʲôҪҪ취
ʱû˵ʲôû˵ģǴ潲ҶƽŻȻʡͷĴһΪѧ˵𣿷϶Ϊܷ˵ģ֪ƢҲ˽Ը񣬷ˣյӰܴԸʹе쵼Ůڰʡ̣ŮȴȫʳյĵطҲ͵ĹԱγ˱ΪĽϵԱȻû˭ʽ˵˽ҶôΪġ
ҪάԼ󣬾ԲȥҶƽк˵ѧûκ⣬Բ˵˵Υ֯ԭ򣬶һ뵽Σȥϵǿġ
ȻҲ֪ԼڽһϵĹԱάѧЩˣҲûά뷨һˣǲеĽĹԱñ˸ϽĵıǩӶԼɲ
ҳȥѧ˾͸ǲеģԶλûûʸ£ѧκŰ취
Ȼʶ⣬û뵽ѧὫʱ뼾Զ̸أҶƽģ
Զ֪ʡίʡίʲô飬֮ϵΪҪ˱ֱİ칫档
һǰŹϣһ𡣿Զֱʵǣʡίôżңǲʲô£
һ˵вŹˡ
Զһ˵ʲôģ洫˵ϵһ£ҿ϶ó£ʵǸ˽вŹϵòֻ¼ϵвŸĺãܲ𣿵̰۸ҾͲ֪ˣѵܱ֤̰۸ܣ
˼Զһۣ˵ϼ˵Ĳ£вûйʲôΥΪ˵ѧѧæ鴦Ȼѧ˽쵼㣬û¡
Զһԭ£Ͼ˵£ѧʱأϼ飬вſܸеã绰ң˵ڽ궯ûչˣܸܲѧһҪȥˣάصȶһҲǺ£Ծȥ˽غѧһʱӣ֮ҺвŹѧ£ҲǳĿģвû˵ҹ°ɣ
Ӧû˵еһȣȥԼҲйصģҲ֪вûнҶƽûкᵽ飬ͼԶ̸ܿû˵˵ˣҲǻӰ쵽ˣвżֱһ񰡣㲻ûỵöĸɲ
⻰ԶҲû뵽вŻӣҪ֪ӣҲ˵ѧӣѧôˣǲǿ᰸ˣ
Զ£鰵˰˵ûн᰸Ҳѧйأйһ£ô£ǳϻǲϣҪи˵
Զҳϣôϣҳϲʲôҵ£ûôס
һ۵û£̸Ҫ£Ҫ֤ѧȷʵǸвŰæ൱һ֤ˡ
Զһף˵ô죿ҪҪ֤ˣ
Ҫǵ֤ˣֽϵģҿΪһܷҹϵߺţһô룿Ӱġ
Զһӣϸеˣ˵Ҳܳ£Ҳ޹أҲ֤ˡ
ҸоҲ֤ܵˣ֤ˣ϶ͻЩĵλҪ㲻κεʧ
Զ˵ͷ˵ǣɣҲͼ췽顣
һ˵רź̸Ҳһ飬ʡίҲǾٲά裬ҪҵĴ
Զһ޺޵˵Ҷô£Ƕ׼ĵĸɲˣǲҪһ£
һ۵ô㣿
Զ֯һЩһ£һ£Ȼȥò˻ˣ
оҪ֪רŵģǰ֯Ա»ŭʱƿ¸ˡ
Զһ˵ѵǾûκΰ취ˣ
ҺûıģǷǺ͹棬ǲзӰ쵽֡
Զһ˵ϷϹֻԼĹλĻǣھͺˣ˵һ仰˾Ͳôˡ
Զô˵صϵãҪȥһ£
Զ˵ڸˣȥ˵úȥڼҾǷˣȥֻҡ
һЦһµ㵱ˣȴӣǲˣϼҲҪСġ
СʲôԶϽӻ˵ǣ㲻Ҫ鿴̫أǲһˣ˾ǣҲô׵ģʡίʲôֱңҼס
ԶʮӣȴͣȻ˵Զûг£ľٱﲻģʡίʲô鲻֪ʹ˾ٱҲ˵ԶڽǱ߲ôģĹ˾ĺܻȣó¡
˧ˣһ䡣
Զ̧ͷһۣ˵ˣѧϰȥˣǴڹڣǸ£һ徻徻
һ£ԶȻǷǳֲõջ߷û𣬾ԼӳˣһǷࡣ


1281 ̸
Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽ뼾Զ̸顣ҶƽѧĻ˼̸飬ѧһűвţһΥΪʹǷǳԵΥͣҲһʧְΪȻ˱ʺϴʡίλˡ
ʱ֪飬ѼԶ鱨һ£˵Զû飬ȫвź˵ģԶ󲻳¡
ĻҶƽûжɫ棬Ϊһģ̸ǲ̸ʲôģĿĲҪüԶʲôҪüԶʡίһ⣬ȻһԶķӦȻڼԶۡ
Զ󲻳飬ôģҶƽһ룬ʵ
˵Զ󲻳£˵вŵ˵󣬶ҾüԶϲϣӰв϶밸ûжĹϵ
ҶƽӰ칫ͳһ̣гһ֧룬ӸһֻæסЩҶƽΪ
Ҷƽƽʱǲô̵ģǴʱȴǵе֣ǲʲô˵
̵ϣվҶƽϣҶƽȴžһԼ̸ˣȻһڣ˵̸һ̸¸˵£֮ǰһ̸ֱģһֱûлᣬ̸̸
Ҷƽ˵ҶƽһۣҲǳһ˵Ҷǣʲô¾˵ɣأǶǰӳԱЩ̹ϲĺá
ҶƽһЦŵ˵ûҪ̹ϲһԹԸ˶кô
ҶƽĻһʱûгҶƽ˵ʡί˺ܶ˰ɣûŻλ뷨
һһ˵Ҷǵ˼ǣ
ҶƽҺ͹˵˵һ¹λĻϣ㿴òã
ɫȻ֮ˣ˵ҶǣǲǷʲôˣҪѧһ뿪ʡί
Ҷƽһ˵˼ǲ뿪ʡί
һֱʡίɣ뿪Ļ᲻Ӧ
һ̬ȣҶƽһӣ˵ղ˵ҪϲؽôھͿϲغ㽲Щ֯вϣһʲô̬ȣûкѧһ˽ȥҪúõһ룬˶벻ãҲҪԡ
Ҷƽһ˵ʱһ˵ҶǣôȥˣҶǽס
ҶƽıǿһѵҪҾͰˣҪã
һеˣҶƽץסһЩѱѱвṩģṩģ
ҶǣǲвңЩ˵
Ҷƽصˣвû㣬ʹ˵ˣҲ㣬ʵڲ˵̫̫ˣͲˣҽڻȥúõһ룬˸ң㿴вУ
ҶƽŸһӣȻؽ϶ÿһеˣҶƽһ֪вŽӴ¡
ĬҶƽ߹ȥļ˵ȥɣ˾͸ңҲŪùڸӣһǱֵģҶʡίÿ˵ҪҪϸ񣬲ͨԱ쵼ɲһˡ
Ҷƽ˻һ˵վʲôҲû˵뿪Ҷƽİ칫ҡҶƽȥ¾ĽŪʡίˣ֮ǰȻŪûɣһŪɸʡ뿪ʡίһֱûҼʹʡ˴ʡЭĸʡҲǾңԼŰ취ϸʡʵевʡ
ѧṩϢ˽ʡίɣҪץסᡣҶƽԺ̰ȥһвţûӴ˵ҪĻ
һֱô͵ˣҶƽ齻ʱ˾æȥѶвšвŴʱѾѺģרȥһ˽ģвš
ĵвһûкѧһʱвˣΪζҲп鷳
ͷǸ֮ǰ̬һֱܺã̬ȲʵǰЩͲΪˣʱش
вһŸ˵ĽӴҪͨгӴģûе棬ҵʱûб̬
֪Ժһ룬ְѼԶǣˣǼԶ£ԶԸǿӲöԸȲˣֻǰҶƽ¡
ȥԺ󣬰鱨ҶƽҶƽ֮ûбֻ̬Ҫˣ˵ѧṩϻֻǹ֤ĻвŵĹϾͿʵˣҲ˵ȷʵȵ֪в⣬ѧһᣬҲǱвš
ȥԺȥҹһ£ҶƽҪŪʡίˣ뿪ʡίģҶƽ϶֪ѧ֮£ߵĻͻҶƽع⣬ôĴ϶Ӳˡ
żغ͹һ˵ȻЩԾҶƽŪһѧȻѧͳ£ҪŪʡίĶŻ
뷨ʲôһ
ұҲʡίˣǳڸ濼һҶƽҪˣҲߣƱҪ鷳
˵Ҷƽץʲôѱˣ
˵֪ҵвż飬ʱԶвģܲ𣿽͸ˡ
һ˼Ǽ棬Ӧûʲôɣûŵʲô
ȴ˵ģô˵ģҾͲ֪ˣΪޣΪ⣬ڻʲô취𣿡
еһʱЩ־Ҳûкõλð㣬ȥĶ
ҲǵĴ£˵Ҳ²Ҷƽҵη쵼ְ񣬲Ȼ϶׷ҵΡ
еҶƽֶǱȽϺݣʡί֣Ͳ˵ˡ
һ룬㲻Ҫģ㶥һ£ʲô鶼һ˵˻򲻵㣬ֱһ˵ġ
λ÷ǳҪѧȲеԼӦΪ˵仰ȻҶƽˣҶƽҲ̫Ե˰ɣѵͲ±˷


1282 һ
Ҷƽ̸˻ڴǺ֮ǹ죬ûʲôҲ˵ζ뿪ʡίһ
ı֧֣ȻԼԼҶƽһ룬˼˭ֵ֧ܹ֧֡Ĳ࣬һǷһǹ˶֧Ҳδֵ֧
ҶƽѧдĽҷϺвű˵Ĺ˳ǵݣԸ뿪ʡίôͲذóˣϾûʲô⣬Ϊܷṩ˵ʧְⷽѾʺٵʡί쵼ˡ
ԲԸ뿪ʡί֧ôôͲôΪ˲ڲ̫ìܣʱһ£ȷһ˵
潭игֵ鱨ѧõͻƣԶҲɵĲ࣬ڰֵİ˸ʱˡ
ʱֳһ顣黹ǳڽأýһһйɭֹ쵼Ϊعһ¼
ĳ壬һ˸ֵأԭǳаĳһ񣬽ô˽תһˣǵصåƦעһ˾Թ˾ǩ˳аͬǩ֮󣬽һ·ָӲصʩϳĹ˾ǩ˺ͬ
ָӲƬ˸ֵ֮󣬱ǽľ˿ɭֹ֪󣬾ͰĿľץˣ˵ҷľͰ˸ˣԭΪĿĹ˾Ŀ
ڳа֮Ϊ·Ŀϵڴ˴ɰʯۣıȡ޶档֮ԻĿŵΪɭֵֹ쵼ϵʮУרĹ˾صйд쵼ϻרͼƬ˵쵼һԷƬ
ϢҶƽϸؿ˿֪Ĵţظոշ˲ϼ¼ֳ飬Ǹеʵǲ̫ƽвȻˣµĺ֢»ڣЩˣһԾΪֶεȥıȡ棬ƻȡᣬˣǵصåƦĲƸûκιףȴͨ뵱ص쵼๴ķʽȡƸƻ˵صĻҪ޸ЩĴ۱ԭĶ࣬Щ۽ܣȴЩƸԺ֣Ӱ쵽Ĺ۸УƻĹͶ֮˸еһֲƽȥļֵ۶Ť
Ҷƽ˰죬Ȼȥʲô£ǷӳȴǺԲֹһط֣Ϊһӻĸɲ˽طϵһЩŵ֣ͨһЩֶξȡƸĹ棬ǵĴֲ쵼ɲǽйᣬƻķعˣһҪúõ
Ҷƽһ绰̹ע飬ǰȥ¼æڵԶ£һӵҶƽĵ绰ȥ˿飬Ȼǰȥ鴦
ϷӳһԷкüҪɭֹ־ֳίԼؿһѣϵõĺܡؼίһ绰ʡίҶǸ߶ȹע飬Ҫ飬мί˹صĵ鹤
һʡίҪ쵼ͬ־ע飬ؼίǲҵвŸոճ£һƬণڹϳ飬˭ҲҲ£ί˵󣬸ԽӼмίԱȫϵ鹤
һ󣬽ؼί淢ϢϷӳļһԷ쵼ȫְ
ҶƽϿطϢһ룬ָһ绰ĵ鲻ֹڶԹɵĻҪȫ飬ԭص㲻ǳԺȣ棬ǳԺԭûְʧְԼܻ¸ΪûΥΪûָ壬ҪṩһҪ鴦ЩͨΥֶ¸ˣ«ưֻѼµ쵼ˣȻ˻ˣŪֶΣȡᣬҪһҵǸɺͲƸ˫شۡ
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ʱҶƽˣΪҶƽʡίǣԻ˽⣬ֹڻӦ۷ӳ⣬ڿԶֹˣҪȫھ򣬰һԲǾ¡
һ򵥵ֻҪ˾Ϳˣʡܶ£Ǿ£ֻα꣬α߷£˲ãǱ߾ַˣ˸⡣
Ҷƽĵ绰֮ȥ˽һˡͷΪֻҪɭֹ쵼ְӦһ¹ڵɾͿˣû뵽ط顣
֮󣬽ίسҪ쵼ӭӣŴҵ˵ʡίҶԸҴ˵绰Ҹ߶ܾ£赭д¼ӳصʧְְΪǲҪְˣҪйԱ֮ԷҶǻرᵽˣϷӳһᣬȻ˵Ĳһ׼ȷϰյĹ۸оǣǻģ˾Ǻᣬϳģϰտ˻ܲΪʲôҪǶЩ˵Ĵе쵼ɲϲˣǽѣǷϵĴ󣬲ǷǣûʶɥʧƬصĻƻˣɰʯԴˣϰն֪ΪʲôǵйزŲ֪˾˲ƸʲôƻĻϰյҪ޸Щ֪ҪٴۣۻҪȫ˵ĳܣĵǲΪʲôǲҹܣȥܣֵȥ˼ҪԴΪݺݲ鴦ⷽһ֮ǰûľٱ⣬Ҫó鴦һ£Щֺ߲ܳΪƸˣ¸ĵһ뵽⣬Ƿǳߣɭֵֹ쵼һ쵼𣿸һһ𣬳ԳԺȺȣֱǲҪصز鴦ҲҶǵҪ󣡡
ʮŭؽⷬ쵼ҳ˵ҶƽǸҲˣԭʱʧ֮ڿˣһЩΥ˿ӣ˸ڿҪЩˡ


1283 Ѱ
껰֮󣬽ί˱̬ʾȫϺüίĵ鹤Υȫ֮Էκε档
һһֺˣ¶֣ڲ鴦İöɲ֮Էԭ򣬾Ϊ֣һԭˮˡ
һ쵼ͷҲǸᣬ뿪˽أĹмίؼίɣɵò⣬ٽиԤ
ίɭֳֹȼ˵ְ֮󣬴Ϊͻȥˣʲôˣ޷һ˼ٷųȥһʲô˲ģѾְˣӦ˰ɣ
û뵽ǣ˸оûµʱмίǼȫ뵽ؼίİ참棬ͬʱعֽץԷǷɿץвƲ
һŷ֣ĲƲǲ٣ֲƲԪǰҲһĵƦåֻΪϵϴһЩʱգȻ˻ͨǿ̣Ƿɵо˴Ƹ˲Ƹ֮ǸʴԱƻķϺаԵỹкιƽԣ
ɭֵֹļλ쵼ҲǸеԼùҪҲֻܹǽѲ˵ûаסԼȻĻûǷǹԼ˵ˮ׼͵һôѣ
ίôһ飬ɭֵֹļ쵼ܻߺְǳˣûƷλ쵼ܻôɾһ¶ԭΣһܻ߶ＸʮԪǷɿ󣬶һŹ˺ѰµȷУǷõĲƲȫûգҲεˡ
˵鴦̽ϱҶƽҶƽ˿֮ʾмίͬ־һûĴڣҪӴĲ鴦άũȶͬ־ע⡣
ҶƽıһʾȻ·мίøмί˽һעư
мίӵʾ֮ĥʾҶƽʾȻ޵ķʸ϶ǿһĵԣƵİһ
мίӵҶƽʾ֮󣬵Ȼӵĳ̶ȿ϶ǲһģеĵмίӵҶƽʾ֮̿չ˹ӸٱһЩƵİ˵ʹ
Ҷƽڰְ֮ҲʽҪˣ飬ŲͬԣΪ潭Ӵ󣬾̵ٵģ潭пνܵС
Ҷƽһֱܷ˵ĴڣԹǶԵطǿȡ̬ȣΪطĺǿѵط廯ָȻ˻ﲻ̶ֳȣǵĴȻڸе廯ͬʱŸΪ
ֿνˡһǣȻĻ̶Ȳߣͷȴʮˬһһ˸гĸλ潭һίǣļҲίʱƸ͵λȻࡣ
òźǿĹģȻҲΪ潭гҪ֧֣Щ벻İȻֵĹǲֶΣһЩǽǨѶȵĹŰ취ϵЩƦåһǾǽˣҲγˣ˲鴦ˣǷǳбҪġ
ΪŮͬ־ϲֵֹͬʱҲеĴڣ潭дһЩӰ죬ŽЭǱߣϾԲͬ⣬ֱ˸ջ𣬶Ż˵ԼɶҲˣҲҪ֮⣬潭뿪治תˡ
ýеǳջ˲ҶƽϵֵһЩҶƽӳҶƽöⷽ·ǳӣ綫潭пչѲӡ
ҶƽЩѲӵĲϣһʱûжֲֻйϵ˵ʡ쵼йϵ鴦Ҫһʱ̵ȷ֤ݡ
һºڽгԶв֮潭йֳһѰӾֳֳȫ£ʡί൱ץһ
˰һ潭𶯣ȫʡҲǸеǳ𺳣ָɲȫ䡣һ˴ҵ
Ժ˶еѹ֮ԻеѹΪɲţԼĲų£гǲҪΣ
Ϊֱӷֹܹ֣ڹֳ£˵ѹˡ
ʱ䲻ûʲôҪĵģ֮ʡҶƽ
ҶƽǱȽϤˣһ棬֣졣ڴҶ߼쵼ɲȻ˵Ů֮һ̶ϴڣǸֹϵĽ
쵼ɲһչʾĶ쵼Ʒʣٵػ¶˵ĸˡҶƽ֮Իֽ֧࣬ڽϵϸߣŹͬԡ
֮ԹҶƽĿǹ׵ģֵ֪ӻķߡҶƽҲ֪Լ⣬͸һףùϵ׼
Ѱһ£ҶƽݵԼ֮ǰյʡί˻㱨ΰǼһ棬潭еһ£Ȼ㱨永ֲȡʩ
ΰĻ֮󣬿һ£ίʽл㱨һί
ΰǵ׿ϣҶƽμʡίίᣬ㱨Լֱӻ㱨ԭʲôҪ㱨ĻӦȥ㱨ΪǶ֡
Ը뿪ʡίԲȥ㱨ˣǰ˹ȥ㱨һҶƽԼȻǸ˷ǳһаҶƽҪȥʲô͸ʲô
ʡίίԺֵҶƽ㱨ʱ潭йѰҽһ£Ȼ㵽ǣˣо֡˵֮Ҷƽͱʾֲȡʩ׵ѰһûиְΪ
Ҷƽһ㱨꣬ϾЩҲסΪԭ潭ίǣڳЩ鶼λʱģʱ飬Ȼ޹⡣
ȻˣԸʲôرķӦΪԽӦҲ˼һܷԶһҪֲ̬֧С


1284 ķӦ
Ҷƽź磬ʲôͬı̬û뵽ǣȴͻȻڱ̬Ҿüίĵ黹Щִ٣һЩ黹ûеûΥΪڻֻһֲ²⣬Ȼᵽǲûֱ֤֤ʵʩΥΥΪֵ˴˼ֵļ˻ȡظ㿪ּ˵£ֵûйأҾûҪһĵ飬Ҫ׶ֲȡ˫ʩȽһ̸ҲǿԵġ
ͻȻҶƽеܲ죬벻֮ʲôĹϵ˵֮󣬹Ҳ̬֧ҪײҪֲȡʩ
һίҲǸеҪһǲñ̬ˣ˵ֲ֧ȡʩԺ潭ЩԱôֵʱͱʾһҲǺõģҪ˫ֵĻҲǿԵġ
⻰ģɣȥʲôҲû˵ǻ˼ҪġһΰǺ͸߼ҲҲǸеĪʱΪʲôҪ֣бҪ潭ϵеĺ綼û˵ʲôǽˡ
ΰǿǰ죬ͬ˷ʱ˫ֻʡίƿ֮£Ҫżһʱʡίڲ磬ȴӰܴˣʱܷĻһЩõĶΪʡίڲŽᡣ
ΰǱϾһ֣ǵҪһЩӲǰӵ⣬йأԴʱҪĽ
ֵ˫ûͨΰҪʡίһʵҪĻֵʡ̸һ̬⡣
Ҷƽ֮󣬲ɫȻֵ˫ûͨûоԼӹȥΪΰǵľΪǿͨĻûκģΰҪǵһЩûվһߡ
ΰǵеԼİ칫ңڷķԣǿͬʡί˫ҪǵӵŽ⣬飬иʵʱʡί
Ҷƽ˵ͷΰǲȥҪֻ֣Ҫ鴦ĸԲһЩ
ҶƽȥԺ󣬾ǿŷ͹Ҫ˫ֵ⡣ӱϿʡίĵ鹤ȷʵû̫룬ΪûֱӽӴ֣ʱҪȥûκģ֤ȷ䣬ȻٽзԣĻ뱻ġ
ֻһɣҪʲôأʹڲ鴦ѧʱûзڲ鴦潭Ϊʲôᷢܲ
ҶƽһҪ֮ǰǲ֮ŸΪܵĹϵҲֵ֮һһҪǷ˾ǲҪǣġ
һ뵽ˣҶƽҪ˳˼ԴʡǰĿ׼˽УвźԶץȻѧ£뿪ʡίһеľٶȻһЩ˵棬͹סҪһɫˡ
ѧ˸еóʩԮ֣ԿʵȻ֣ȴûĹǣΪ֪֮ûʲôĹϵ˵ʵҲ
ĻôܿñȽˡ͹֮Ի治ͬ˫֣ԭڣԴ˸ʡίϰӦҶƽԽеһЩΪͬʱһ㺬壬Ǿ潭ԱʾãʹǱصĹԱܹǿ
Ҷƽ˰죬еĿԺܴ󣬿ҪˡҶƽϸһŪȻǱȽϸϸһ룬ĻΪ֮ŲͬѰĹϵǾ̫޴ˣʱΪֱġ
ҶƽҪƵķչһǰڵĹѾҡһЩ飬ԭΪֵܳ鶼ˣ֮ǰκ˶뵽ѧ£Ϊʡίˣһ˵֧֡
ҶƽеҪһ£һ·򣬻ٽһ̽һԷȡЩ֮Ҫʼע⵽Էжֻͷ참ˡ
һ룬Ҷƽһ綫һչҪץסһİѱȷֲκηأһ
͹˶˻ӦôҲҪǲӦһǾ̫ˡһ°참飬ⷽҪһ̽ͬʱҲ˱Լ̬ȣԼơ
ƾҪʡίһҪһĵʹ֣Է˽صһ
Ҷƽ²ֺ鷢֮󣬹ҵһ̸Ȼ֮ĹϵǷǳܣǲܣǷ̸֮󣬻ͬ˹
ҶƽĲƷǳеҶƽһһضԽĽһġΧˡչȥǵ;ҲֹڴˣΪǶǴӽĳģڽķô£ѵǾûκεȻûκģǳ£ҲһΣǵ쵼⣬ˣҪάһ½ĵǲܲܵκεǣ
⻰ѷ˵ˣŻҪˣýĵ۵Ҷƽ෴飬вѽĲݵľͷ
ֿǣ͹ŸҶƽһɫҶƽ֪һȻҶƽ֪ѶˣӶﵽάĵĿġ
Ҷƽֵ飬ⷢӣҶƽһССĴۡ
ЧǳĺãΰǶͬһж˵Ǵȫʤ󣬷͹˶ǳˣһҶƽһɫͬʱҲú潭ԱлǣǸ潭Աһ֧֡
º󣬹ר˺磬Ҳ̸һ£Ȼû̸ֵ£֪Źͬˡ
鴫潭֮󣬸ԸеҲ֣֪ʲôӣִҲ֪ˣȻڻֵʮ򶨣ҲսսЩˡ
֪Ϊ˵˻֮󣬼æʡȥҪȥ֪ԼᣬָеʮƣԼԼ㲻á
ԼȥҺ磬絹ǼΪ֮йûб˫棬ΪʲôܼǼôûʲôæġ
ҪʷΪ飬֪ĵʵǺĻȴûиҲֻܸʾҲٴɡ


1285 ù
ףʡҪٿù飬ľùùȫҪһ飬ÿù黹ҪҪûֻǱһȫط;ĹܽԵģùҪľùȫ沿
һԾýΪģȻʮҪʡҪӿ췢չͬʱҪѧչƶ÷չ˼·ǳҪ
ھ÷չУʡίʡ칫ȻҪʡ쵼Ҫ󣬺ΪоĶ壬ҶƽΪʡίίȻҲְⷽȨ
ΰΪľù鶨һǾǼҪɽɽҲҪɽˮҪʵȫʡĿɳչֺֿطչȫʡĴʽչѾӦǰҪˡ
ҶƽȻʡίίҲǵιеҪ쵼һֵģԾùİʱǿȫʡչҵͷҵҪԣԴҵȫʡ÷չеĵλ߿ѧھ÷չеıأչ¿Ƽҵ
Ҷƽϱ̬ȵٿʡίίоʱΰרᵽ˽еǰ÷չȵ⣬Ϊеǰڸú̿ȷͶ̫ҪпƣȻľ÷չĿ겻ȥԺעһ¡
ΰǵ˽ĵȻǸеƣҪ뱣ȫʡһôеĿ꣬ҪӴͶȣͶȣȻھҪʡ׷ϡ
еԴҪڽУչ˲ٵĸ߿ƼҵеľƽУ߿Ƽҵ޷ȣˣֻڸú̿ȷӿ췢չ뷨סһĵλ
⻹ΨGDPķչۣ˼룬ⷽ뼾ԶǱֵıȽһµģΪееĺ棬ίһְ¾ͳɲʡίίˡеί֮ԻΪʡίίΪľõλΪľʡлҪߣеίһǽʡίίģ˽еίǲлʡίίС
Ҫסκ;ϵĵλȻҪӿ쾭ķչӴͶʣȥչЩȻԳչǼЧĲҵ
밲ʡƶľ߲һ£ΰǲרŵ˳ע⡣ΰǵʻֻܱʾͬ⣬ڻϽӲĻͲˡ
ΰǴ˾ѹƽ֮ӣýзչ죬̻е˼͹˶ָоĽУ˾ǷչûҪһٶȣȻԾҵȷɳ˴ͶȻǱҪģΪеķչģʽб绤
ΰǵĻûнзʾҲͬ⣬ǲͶʣǷԹͶʣ˺ͶʣȾͶʣҪʶȵͶʡ
˲ٿɴΰҲʼ֣ϵıʱ˻ҪӦģǵĵߣҪչ˵ǵĸܡ
ҶƽڻϵȻҲԼ̬ȣָֿѧչҪԣֲķչģʽ޷ģҲǴ۸ֻ߰һʱľ棬˳Զ棬ĸ档
ͬʱָʡί鴦İõĸҲ븯ģصĸ⣬ؽ÷չʮֿ죬ίвڷչ÷Ҳǲȴϸܶĵ·永һǧ˸еĿġ
ΪʲôҪȥ˼طҪʵ־÷չͶƶͶһЩ¼ҵ˵ֻͶһЩܺĸȾصҵгеúܴɸͶȥΧ쵼ɲӶΥΥ͵⣬ˣõķչģʽ뵳ҲŹģʡί߶ȹעⷽ
Ҷƽһ˵˲һݣҶƽᷨ⣬רŰѽóˣۣǸеһѹ
ʡίίῪԺȫʡùٿΪгʡμӻ顣ǰһķȽϽڷΪ˵˻͸ˣǺһĸг˴ҲʡμӾù顣
ҲǸеԼùͷԼ潭мʮ궼˳˳ˮٵԼʱȴҪŪӦǾϻľַش֮Ǽ潭̫ˣ붢أȻжǣҲһˣҲҪǵĿŵظǼңһֱû顣
ȴͬˣʡίһύʡίίˣˡ
Ϊʡ쵼˺磬ҵôֹۣĸԴʡί˲岻ϻ
˰죬ȥʱѱҶƽ뿪û뿪ʲô취ԸһЩϢ˭ҪиҸ˭ʡίĺˡ
һ֪飬æȥΪ˵ʡίĺҲǺ׵ģΪ֮ǰ棬ϤȻʡί棬ôۣԭҲǰƽ͵Զ⽻ʻǿԵġ
һҶƽǰһǸŰʵȴֵĵףһСӻҹ˭ʲôС
ڲ˽˼ȻýǮȻӦ־ܹģػȥˡ
һߣҶƽ棬齲˳ͬʱҶƽ棬ʡƵеΣˣżˡ
Ҷƽ֪Ժ󣬿һ£Ҫ취ֽȻֵûʡίίͨھһʱĵ飬˲ٶȰָȻύʡίίоͻһЩ
þùٿʱҪٽҶƽһ⣬ҪھùϽִߵ顣
Ҷƽ綫˰һ£ھù϶֡ڴ֮ǰ˷ѵģھùٽʱûȥ⣬ó嵭ù⡣
ԺҶƽȥΰǱһ£ҲҪõΰǵɣΰĻ֮󣬱Ҫھùһ춯֣Ҫǰ֣Ӱ쵽ùٿ֪£ôҶȥֵˣĻйȥоù⣿
Ҷƽһΰ˵еֻǴһĹǣΰǿǵȫֵĹǶȲһ˼ĽҲͲһƨɾԴһҲûд


1286 
ʡľù鿪죬˵ʷһξù飬ΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˷ֱ˻ͬʱҲչ˷ۣнԼľùǶľùв
Ȼΰ˽еĹȵʱǵȫʡһΪеľٶȻȫʡһýЩʱܸŵеοѣҲǸеǳˣôеľõλȡʡҪ׷ϻҪһ
ڽеͻλίǹȻﲻڣΪʡеһ֣һʡίί˵ķͷӦǣȻڽĹԱ˲żüõ£ʡίǻǲɽ¶ˮģȫýеķâסˡ
ȻҲĵĹԱĵλ˥䣬Ŀǰ˵ǴڶʢʱڣҲǽķ񣬱Ͼľù䣬ֲǾ÷չֻǾ÷չٶȺķչģʽҪ𲽷չ仯ڴ֮ǰⷽĹֻһʱûֳЧѣٹһ꣬ƾͻֳлͲôˡ
ԶҲμӻˣνȻժȫʡһӣͷȻҲǺܸˣһɨʱйشܵʡίӰֿ˻
Ϊ潭еĸгͬʱֹܹҵù˺гһμӻ飬潭˸ɼҲǲǵڶõҲӦ֪ˡ˽͸Զʮֵĸˡ˺ͲˣΪЩѾ֪ˣȻȻ򶨣ͷȴǷԱƽ
Щ֮Ի뽪йأһŮԣ˵Цеģ˵Ц滢֣ͬ־ݡ
һ뵽Ժļۣ˼ҽҲûãԼûаѱͲʲôԼ˰ѱͲҪ˼ץ
ЩĲɵطеı棬ûܵõָ֮顣ԶһۣҲ쵽ܰοʲôȻ㣬Ǳ֮ġ
Ȼұ֮һ޷ʡ飬Ҳǲһģǰ;ֻϾֹڸгλˣ潭طּ϶Ǻ绽ģĸ͵ܵܣֶӣӻŮԼĹ˾Ͳҵ˴ƸͬʱмռһЩְӴһ壬ÿһίǺгС
ڽൽ֮ڽಢ潭ԱһŮԣȻнӴͬʱŰ뽪һӣȻվ˸һߣýевͷ
֮࣬˭Ҳ˺˯ȻһŮͬ־ҲԼȨͷ˵㣬ûԸԱˣһֻǿԵġִʱҲз磬ûкøУ쵼ҲǺ΢ʵģܾռ̫ıˣҪ潭бҵˣ潭гȫǼҸ¢ˡ
ռ̫࣬Ȼ˵Ĺִһʼʵ˲·ȻʱȻл룬ԼᰲȻ£Ǵ˷ӵԽԽ࣬޿ܶܵˡ
ùĻʰһǰĶ׼뿪ǵովʱǰ˼İˣΪ׵һʶ綫
ʡίˣ
ֵ׶һ£ͬʱΧҲǾ쵽վԱֱӾסˣ
˿綫綫һкһ綫Ӳû˵ֻվװʰŶվ
ȥ칫һˡ綫֣˵
ֵڲʱһҪϢĸоΪö˻ûߣһĻĿⲻͣͶȻ綫ûж˵ǴҲ֪ʲôˡ
ûκηأֻҪȥʰ׼綫һ뿪綫ȴǶ˵㲻ʰˣ˸ʰֱӸ߰ɡ
ֻ֣ޱشλǰ˳ʡίǰ˰м䣬Ȼ᳡
һ߳᳡ЩһĻ˽顣̴֮յǰ˵ǣгǲǳʲôˣ
ƳһۣǾͲҪˣˣʡͷͨġ
಻ܲʣȻҲͲٽʲôˣ˻᳡
綫ʡίİ칫ң̸˴νߣǲȡĴʩҪʵһصȵȷһЩ֮ϱʡίȡ˫ʩ
һ˽˵֣֪ǽΪʲôڻ᳡𣿡
ľȻؿһۣ˵֪
һ۵֪Ҫúһ룬ˣٹ̸
˵꣬˳ȥȻԸֿܺãȥҶƽҶƽִʡίʵصͬʱҲǿһ̬ȡ
Ҷƽֱ֪˹ָʾ˲һ򵥵Ӽ߰ߣȴöԸһѹʲôҲ˵ģ綫һҪȫԸӰˡ
æͷžͳȥæˡҶƽȥӰ졣
ԭΪڽץһϻû뵽潭ðһϻһúܶ˴۾ôҲһǾʡͷҶĵĴϻ
Ҷƽһ뵽Щ飬ͷһ£ҲãýĵĹԱиһ£ȻһŵգʱȥصһЩˡ
һ飬ҶƽΤ߲һصĲϣȥʡίίᡣΤ߲һˣҪΤ߲һλˡ
ί칫һۺϴרΪίǷģۺϴԭǸҶƽĹǱȽ⣬ǱϾԼŵˣλûҪΤ߲ͬʱۺϴȥ
ۺϴȻΪʵǸɲΤֻ߲Ǹ飬ǸʵְΤ߲ۺϴǾǸʵְˡ
ҪۺϴȥǾҪһ𣬴ӸΪ
ģֹ¹ŰȥҪ᲻ͬ⣬Ե鵽ڣŰŪ֮󣬾Ͱ飬ûᵽˣϾҪʡί


1287 ̬
ֵһʡίίᡣһزҶƽ֣̿ڹָʹ潭йֳΥҼΪĲȡ˽£ͬʱҲڵίǵʱ̻ܿ¸ʵ
ڴ֮ǰѾŬˣûҵǣһʡί˸ûָûѧǰȥӲţǽԼΥΥ͵⡣
֤ݣõʡίίȥ棬ûκٸ˵ˣɫţڴϴҪֲȡʩҪ˵֤ݲ㣬˲ȡʩҶƽѿһֵҶƽѿˡ
һҶƽԻ㱨ģûٽ֮£Է˼Ȼп˵ֻĬĬܴˡ
Ƿû뵽ǣְˣָӰвţΥͣѾʺʡίҪһĴ顣
Ҷƽ˻һﾪǾˣϴ˵ģһ˵ˣɹ˵ڱ̬ʱ˵вѾˣӲӵ⣬ˣвôӣҾһƽͬ־ǧҪű˵һ֮ʡ
һ˵㸽͵ʡίѧ£ڲҪ°ɣʡίȫʡļͼأ£ʡίǲá
ȥǳΪʡίǣҶƽ˲΢΢һЦеĺȺ֮ҲΪʡί󲻺ãһΪǵŸţ˴ŻӰ쵽ǵﻹоٱϣôҿһ
˵գҶƽвŵĹѧļٲ˳ôҿһһἰ飬ﲻˡѧȻҲһô˵˵ƱӰˡ
Ҳ˵ˣΰֻ齲˻ʾҶƽ㱨ǳҪȻûвͬˣôʡίʹ֣֯Ÿʡί
ΰһ̬˲ˡɢ֮󣬷͹˾۵һһ顣ΰ֯ʡίҪȻչҪܴ֣һܺõĲţ϶ģҪһ¡
£еҶƽڹв£˵һ£ʡίƽʱӵôľٱѵһȫˣǲǰӣ
ȴû뵽в鲻Ǳ˾ٱ£вѧģ£޶ԣвţȻҪڽӵٱûвȡΪߵҲǲһġ
ҿȥʱ򣬺ҲһҪ֧֣ȥ֧㿴ôһ˵
һ˵ƽʱϵҪǱߣһͬġ
ڳ£ﲻһˣȥ˵ӭһʱһʱҪơ
һҲԣ˵ҺͺϵԣֻȥʲôְǱ߲ȱְ
ǲץסʲôʵͰһ쵼ְͿˣֻҪԸ쵼ְһܷ쵼ְá
˵ǺãȥǱߵѲԱίһɣлٸ
⣬Ҳ޳ɣȻѲԱǷ쵼ְ񣬵Ҳļ𣬵ʱ翴һԷ쵼ã粻ʹҲûá
֮󣬹ϵ磬顣Ӧô潭뽭оҪˡ
ӵĵ绰֮һʼ֪ʲô£ȵʱ򣬲֪¡
һҪʡί˵ֵܹˣŵðɣ
ͷŵʡίʾãǺȴΪոܹ֣ȴǸŪʡίǲѿһ룬˻Ϊ֮ʲôĹϵҲӰ첻á
һ˵ʱЩܿ㰵ʾ粿鲻ôҪֲܴǷǳǿģԭʡίǣֻǵѲԱһְΪǶ쵼ļǿ
ɨ˹һۣͻȻ֮׹˼ˣģְ
簵һ£˼¶ͱסֵĳ£Ȼ˾ʡί潭ΥҼȷӹɵʵʡί֣˭Ҳ˵ʲôһҶƽҪֲȡʩʱҲûκεķֻ֮Ƿ˳ַԵˣҲһʾá
ԽʾãԽеľΪȷƵ֣Ȼ潭ĹԱ٣ǴûнĵĹԱռݵְλҪ潭ԱУʡϵĹԱֻλһλʡһλЭϯֻʡίίԶ罭ĵĹԱԸ뽭ĹԱһ𣬽ʧȥԣҲ᲻ΪʡίҪ쵼ӡ
ڵǰ£ǱȽܵΰǵӵģҶƽĹϵȻҶƽ֣ûжҶƽʲôǺޣ֪Դӽȥ֮潭ĹԱҪűȡůˣĺܲãƽʱһǿԵģǷҪȡůͲˡ
ڵһ뷨һʼûʶʾãΪŦ֮ϵǰһֵܹ˷ŵȴǸеã˵˾ٻ˵Ĳˡ
ллŵӣҾûдŵĹľ飬һӦĹż˶Цģί˳ŶǺģһԣҽ黹ǰȥĲŰɣĲʺһ룬΢Ц˵
һȻùϲû뵽᲻Ըʾãܾˡ
粿ҾЩйǵ˼ǲҪŽһЩ鰡Ȼ˼ҸƵǽˣ˿磬˵仰
һЦ˵ûиоĴڣҾںģûʲôе׵ĵطźƽȵģǿԣûʲô£ͦõģ


1288 ѡ
һɫܲÿˣú粻ӣԼ˵£ʹʾãҲӦܾԼҪ֪Լ֯ԺŵԱҪεĻ϶Ҫ֯ŵģڲӣԺҪθɲܾͻ˻ȥ
˺һۣȻЦ紺Ƣý򽻵ˣǱ⽻ʽ΢Цñûа취
ȻϺҲ˵ˣæɣ͵û˵Ĺǳ㣬˲żüãõĻҲҪðл˵ţԼԼһ˿в֮⣬Ҫ֪Ҫ˲ţþ֯ŵ׼
ȻЦлָ㣬Ϻǵ仰ġ
ʵ¹ȨƣϸɲȨʡίȫʡί֯µĸɲԼ͸㶨ˣֻҪ֯ŵı׼ѣǲžˣ֯ô
ˣͷһӲû뵽ôʶ̧٣ȻܾҪ̫еʧˡ
ȥԺ󣬱Ǻͷͨ˸绰Ѻ̬ȸˣһҲüͷ壬ǻް
ɵڳⷽ룬ú֮Ծܾ˹ŷйأýĹԱʡĵλпܻһ½ֱͨͨ˸ежôҪ
ȻҲΪͷнйأϾ潭뽭֮Ĺϵһֱôã潭ĹԱϰڽ棬ʲô֮ϰڱ죬ѹĲͬڳˣȽϣǽĵĹԱеԡ
ں粻ǣȻҲһߵķ񡣷еԼ߿˺磬ȻӣǾͲȥѵ磬Ǿ
˰죬üȻʡίҪôٵ֯Ҳܵʡί칫ֻʡֱȥˡ粻Ҫ˵Ļû齫ģΪ϶ܵΰǵһֵܹĹԱôҪĲţ
˷죬ðʡõһѡһλȥӺÿһЩһȻãֻʡһְܲţҵȥֻǵѲԱ쵼ְ쵼ְ񣬿²ֻͨȰη쵼ְһ뷨һš
ó֮󣬹׼ʡίίˡͬʱҶƽʡί칫׼һ´ĲϣٿίίоĴ
ʱ֪ҶƽҪԼһҪԼʹ֣ȻǷǳֱҵҶƽҪһ¡
Ҷƽڰ칫Ե³̸һŽ֪һԼҿ϶йԼ¡
Ե³˳ȥҶƽӼһҶƽ֮ıܲȻƺаٰίֱֲӱֳ
ӣҶƽ֪ΪҪԼˡһ£ǣɣ̸һ̸
ȥĿ⿴Ҷƽ˵Ҷǣ˵ʡίҪңҹһ£û
Ҷƽʡί㱨飬Ȼֻʡίί֪֪Ȼ˸Щûʲôܿˣʡίίϵݶػãɼ˵ļǷǳĲ
ҶƽֻǸ̾һӣһû֮ǰҸ̸ģЩԼҲ֪㲻ȡǵȱ㣬ŪҲûа취ֻϱʡίܱңҲ⣬ʡίôνûйҲпΪһ¶֣ܵʡίίѾͨ£ʡίд֣ǲңҲҪġ
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵û˵һҶƽְʡίӹĽ黹ʡίŪڣҪ뿪һҪܴ֣òʧ
ҶǣвָҵЩ²ʵģȻ棬ûб̬Ҫô崦ѧҲӦеʲôΡһ룬ΪԼһ¡
Ҷƽһ˵ûб̬û̬ȣؼѧָģ˵вһõģôͣ
ǺȥЩ˵ҶǣѧһǺͿˣȻңţҿжʡ
ӣҶƽƽصʾûбҪˣҲʺ϶ʣҿɣһĴ֣ҲûʲôӰ죬㿴вУ
ǵʹֵģͿԽ˵ҶƽҲչˣһһһʱû˵
ӣҶƽ̫˼Ļᣬ˵ҪǾһЩʡίߣûĻɣ
ҶƽЩͷˣ˵ȥһֻ˵ҷ֯
һ˵꣬վҲûҶƽк˳ȥʵҶƽźܶĻҶƽ˵ģҶƽΪʲôҪΪʲôҪʡίЩʵҶƽ˵һ˵Լ޷ΪҶƽ֮ûмʱؿȥҶƽһЩСҶƽԽԽУųֽľ档
ǵҶƽʱŰЩʱ򣬷е˿ˣЩֻ᲻ԴʹٴĴҲܰϲ̨Ļ
ˣҶƽ˼һ£أʡίĹǺÿչҪȻʼһʯЩƲڽŪߣӦΪ䡣
֮ҶƽҪµλӣǵλӵ˭Ҫһ¡ڼίͷʣǣһһǶμӻһƽǽͷݵˣԲǿǽҸѧ˶Ҳ䳤μӻƽ˼ȲҲƺڱŶԣҶƽҪԭû̫ĽȡˣֻԼڵĹѡ
˼ҶƽȻ̫ǣĻһλƱػӰ쵽ֵĹˡ
ȥҶƽãȻһǳѡĿǰ£ֻʺϣ˵Ļһ治ǼͼϵͳˣҪһӦḶ́һҲûѡеļίǵҲԵȻһӾ͵ίλӡ
һҶƽμίǼΪʡίĶ֣ΪҪ֡


1289 ʡί
ʡȥˣʡίһھĴ֣˽ᣬǻ뿪ʡίȥʡȥˡ
˵ѧһ뿪ʡίҪȹעѧעĶ࣬Ϊѧʡί֯ٻһЩĳɷִڣȻʡίǼʡһѲԱǽˣȻܵھ洦ֵľǹġ
Ҷƽ˺ܶ˵ĻɣΪҶƽʼϵŻŻ֮һ¾ҪˣڽǴСɫһɫˣǿȥٴľͺˡ
һߣʡίγһˬķΧΪڣӰڣ˾ͻѧţһڣЩѧˣͻᾯˣҶƽǣҶƽȫ봦ǣƵã
Ҷƽ֮󣬸еԼƿʡίʱѾˣƱػܵǣƣ޷ſֽȥһЩ飬ʱȥԼõˣȥԼ飬һĳɼ
ȻίɼףٵҪĶֻ࣬Ҫץסǰƣ˳ȥһЩδؾͻѡ
һߣҶƽҪλȻҲµλӣ֮Ҷƽǰӱ֣ȡҶƽϿɣλӡ
μӻƽǣ֪Ҷƽǰ˵ûҲûȥ飬øﻹǸʡίڲߡ
ʡίڲûоʡίⲿûо治֪Ҫ֪ʡίλ÷ǳҪǳʡί֮µĵڶʡίǲÿȥһЩԵĹճԹ϶ǼίʵȨڵʱҶƽǸеǳĲ˳ֻ֣;һЩ飬ͻܿա
ˣʡ쵼λӣ˵ͻᰲ˹ҶƽδػΪֵףǲܵĵġ
ĻûдȻ˵ȥʡίûаɣǹȴǿʼǲҪ֮ʡί氲һӡ
ͷһ˵һüĿϾⰲŸɲְȨʡί֯ģʡίֻ֯ЭԵģرʡܸɲʡίְ֯ȨѡҲɵġ
ҶƽҲ֪һ֮ʡί֯ȥʡί֯ԼѡʡίǺͼһְ
֪Ϣ֮ǳҶƽģȻʡίƼˣܲܵϣȲҪȥˡ
ʱһԼѡǾǳгܾܾȥǽĵĹԱΪûڽĹҲǽļĹϵܽ⻹һԭԭڳιίǣһϵͱȽ׽ˡ
ӳгȻ˵һһõĵܾʡί֯Ҫ뿪˼ԸڳгˣҪԭϴˣҲûʲôǰ;ˣҲٳɻˣŻʡְ
ʡһֱûкʵְλԹûܾʡίȥռʡίλӣһ̻һɲ
Ҫ֪ҲһǳҪλӣԸȥг˺ܶ࣬һгſԵܶˣǾһķӦַӦУͿ԰Լȥ
뷨ǳĴҪ֪ʡίǲе뷨ʡίǿˡ뷨֮ȥҷȺһ£һܲС
һеѶȽϴΰδػͬ⣬һΣգǾṩΰǽдԱĿʵΰΪһ֣ǵĿ϶ȫԵ⣬ʡµһֱڻ΢һؼгĻΰȫԽ˴еŵƣƶһӰ쵽һƬʡίڲһѡֻʡίڲӰ죬Ӱ쵽ⲿҪ塣
һʱ÷ıԶûпǵ̫һʧڷһ˵һ׹ˡ
ֻܰҶƽҪˡһ˵
Ҿһ̸ˣҶƽҿǿˣ˳ˮְۣͬǵģ㿴ɲԣ
һһ룬Ҳǣԭιʡί֯һЩɲȽϤģʱǰƽƼ
һϼƣŪ˰죬ûиʲôֻͬʡίѡְ
ҪְܾĻΰ֪ͬ⣬ȻҶƽ飬ҶƽͬΪ˾ȫʡԵĴģµпܻҶƽίһ£
ڹһᣬҶƽΰǿ϶ǲᷴԵģʡίίᡣ
ȱһʡίǣҶƽְ綫ʡίǵλӣĳίһְøˣһʡίڲҲ˶ŵƵķӦҶƽʡίڲԱ̻ˡ
Τ߲ۺϴʡίڲȫһµľ棬ƽʱֲѵԱҶƽˣҪôǵη쵼ְҪôԸ뿪ʡίģˡ
Ҫʡίһ֧ɵĶ飬Ϊ˲ԱʡԺǱҪ˼ˣʵʡͼĶ飬һʱ֮䣬ʡίΪǿ
бнȻҪҵҶƽеԿʼؿչˣȻʡίĹϲʣΪû˿϶Ǹеһġ
ҶƽҪˣԭڲⲿĿǣûſֽţǲ鴦ͨĸɲһѶȣҪҪϻֻϻʵûв̫һĿǰֻϻˮʯױ¶ԭΡ
ʡίֻǰֱ˸ˣû漰ļԱȻҶƽֲ֪鷨ĻǾνһҸȫˣϻˣϻµСϻȻû£ȻңڣôҸеļռ˱ˣĵǲУûȡ
Ҷƽһǣٿר飬綫帺ӣ綫ոյʡίǣɾʮ㣬һ˰ţ̱ʾȫԸ̰ҵǸܲʹ𲻵һá


1290 ͥ
ƽѩӾ˰ʡҶƽԼһûлصˣƽѩͷˣΪֱӴӾǷɹҶƽ
֪ƽѩӾǷҶƽͷȻҲǸˣŹˣúúõдһ¡
ƽѩźӹģҶƽԼĶͷǸӵĸˡҶƽסʡίԺļ¥棬кһ
Τ߲ҲҶƽסһΪҲûסҶƽķһС¥סһʵǷǳĿһסҲ˷ѣԱҲס
Τ߲ڻûн飬̸һŮھһУط־ӣٳûн顣ŮѼؾǹΤ߲ڸҶƽеǳǰ;Ը뿪ҶƽߣΪ£Ůûܡ
ҺΤ߲Ҳһڹ֮ˣЩ飬Ůһ϶Ҫˣʮˣûн飬ͷʹˡ
Ҷƽٳûн飬Ҳ˼飬Ϊ쵼ģһҲӦģοԼ顣
Τ߲ҶƽԼĸһʱ˼˻쵼ţֹػʮֵĸжָոձΪۺϴҶƽĸмŨˡ
ҶƽסһҶƽĸһ㣬һƽѩˣȻҲǷǳǰкš
Τ߲ѶҶδȥˣҶϳ꼶ˣӲҶƽˣΤ߲ᣬһʮͶԵǳȥ棬Ҷƽƽѩһ졣
֮ƽѩǱԹһôؾˣǲʲô£
Ҷƽƽѩһ§סЦһʱûߵÿھǲͦû뵽Сιҡ
ƽѩ˿ҿǲǲˣǣʹæҲҪǿǵġ
ҶƽЦҵ밡Ҳܾȥɣǧ·أȻȹϽˣǻǱȽԶҪ㵽ɡ
һ뵽ڹϵ飬ƽѩҿɲطȾ̫ˣǱأȡ»һ˾ǡ
ҶƽЦҲòȥȾҲںоˣֻҪȾҲⰡ
ƽѩƲһ˵Ǻô׶Ҫߺ̫࣬ݰᵽҾ͹ߵȾҪȾҪصĶ࣬ʺסҿ㵱Ͳط
ҶƽǺһЦûôذɣʺסˣЩôط㲻Ҫģ𲽽顣
ƽѩôȾҪٵǮչʱ򲻿ǺѾǳͷˡ
Ҷƽһƽѩ˵ûȾ·һֱţȻ֪ǲԵģھͷչѹȻִ˲ƣʵľһÿǸGDPһ»Ⱦһ˼
ǲǳ˻ˣҶƽЦƽѩ˵
ƽѩҲЦʲôߣڻȾѾ뵽Ǹ˵ȥˣǲǻҲǱƳɻˣ㿴ǲҪһʲôȻԺֻ𣿡
ƽѩҶƽǺһЦðɣһһЩģʧģֻҪԸȥһܱãͺñȱԼһ
ȥģƽѩҶƽһѣ濪ʼ
һߵģȻϷˣǻҶƽеǷ˿⣬ĵضƽѩ˵ǳȥˣǺþûǸˡɣ
Ҷƽ˹ȥˣƽѩЦŴһµϵģҪͻȻˡ
ҶƽǺһЦСΤĺܣСγȥˣһʱزҵȲˡ
ĺＱƽѩҲģΪΪʲôҶƽŵ
ϣҶƽƽѩһԷΤ߲ŵģûиίˣֻǰҶܷܷɷ˹ܲιڵʡְҶƽһ
ھңүүǿٽȻҲǹԴҶܷܷȴǺܺãΪүү磬ھֻǸɵУˣھѾûӰһж˷ܶ
ҶܷܷҶƽãҶƽǵԺյĵλҶܷܷǷǳصģԸҲǷǳȣȻʧȥԺյıǻźܺõķչǰ;
ҶƽҲǷǳ⣬ʡְ֪󣬱ϵԭ˺ټ棬ԻǱȽİҶƽʱǱȽϾҺҶƽ֪Цʲôģ
˽ҶƽһЩԸ˫Ϥ֮ҶƽǰŷſûµʱŻ໥ϵһԳԷʲôġ
ƽѩȻҪйһԷӵҶƽĵ绰˹һƽѩЦŽһɩӡƽѩĻҲ٣ڴ֮ǰ϶Ǽ棬˵Ǻİ
൱һμͥۻᣬֻΤ߲һˣΤ߲Ϥȣ˵ҲˣһԷ൱ĺг֡
Ҳһ»ؾһΣߵĹְְ꣬ȥԺ󣬹ְУľΣȥԺ˵δУδУԺǰ;ͺˣϽӦûġ
극ԺҶƽƽѩصסϢһϣڶ˾ǡȥҴңҶƽеͬһ࣬డ
ʡ쵼ǴżģʡҲˣΰ֮⣬ΰǵҲھǣûеΰѾʮˣˣҲˣŹνڲʮ꣬긻ǿʱ򣬺Ҳûг󣬳ڲһ𣬺Ӹİˡ
ʱ򲻵òһЩͥ棬ڹɼҲûа취飬ڿؼͥʱȥù
ҶƽеظܵеζҲƽѩܵĻһЩȻƽѩȴǲԸˣٰ»ؾһΣȻҲǲһܱ֤
뵽Τ߲ڵŮҲھǣҶƽһʱЦЦ˵СΤ벻ؾǹ
Τ߲һһ˵Ҷǣʲô𣿡
ҶƽЦʲô룬㲻Ůһ𣬻ᵢǵĻµģҼʹ˻飬ҲǷ־أʼǲá
Τ߲һҲЦҶǣڲҲƽҲһֱ־ģҾҲͦã໥ܹš
û뵽ô˵ҶƽЦΤ߲뷨ҲǺܶأչŰؾǵģڿûбҪˣи˵׷ɣҲΤ߲ҲһҵǰѼͥõˡ


1291 
ͥҶƽֻȷһߣԴʡ󣬻ûٻصϼҿһԼĸĸүүʮˣϼء
ǵȥǸĸүүԸȥнҶտ˲ٵģ뵽ЩͷЩģûм˵֧֣ԼĹҲǿչġ
Ҷƽһ룬ְѾͶ뵽ֵ綫ȥ죬¶עŵģֵܶ࣬ӴһȵĻֻܾܿǴıɽһš
ͬʱĿ䵽˽ǱߣԶӳԼѧӳӹעĵ顣
˾ԶйߣҶƽ뵽Զ飬һ˶˾һץ֡
Ҷƽ˾ͺ˲ŨȤһӪҵңȴԸĸгƵɱûһ㱾ǿ϶ġȻȫ˴ȫ˴ǣмӰ
Ҷƽһ뵽ˣǸеɲ⣬һӪҵңֵزҲǷǳţˣʲôͨЩأ
Ĺ˾һԪĹ˾ҪԸҵΪǽҵٽ뷿زҵԼƵҵȵҵֻҪڽ漰Ĳҵ϶漰ˣͶʣͶʵҪ൱һĹ˾ˣʲԼһǧҡ
ӴʲúܶҲúܶ˸Ҵ⣬Ҫ֪ҵڽĶȫʡȫӰģ붯һҵ»ûг֣ͻĭԼԼһӪҵҵĴñӡ
ˣһ˾Ҫһ㵨ǻۣȻпܷҶƽһ£Ǹеð죬ֱӰָ˫ǶԴ˾ȻܣҲ쵼ɲ
Ǻ£ܲе裬һ浽Σͻܶ࣬˾ٴΪסȴûȥΪ˲ϣѧָҲûãֻܹѧԼûͷԡ
ҶƽѳйһصڵԶ飬֪Ҷƽ̸˹
ҶƽԶлߵ˾ˣûдʻˣʹ֮ˡ
شҶƽ˼һµ˾Զлߣǰ£ڹƲˣ˵˾ԱԶлߣ֪֪أ
һ˵Ӧ֪ɣΪ˹˾棬Ϊ˾ܣӦ֪
Ҷƽһ˵Ϊ˹˾Աлߣʹ̷λл˵ûɣ
Ҳѧɳһ˵Ҷ˵ûǽеλлҪ׷˾˵еġ
˵ͻȻеҶƽƺҪֱԺˣȻʲô֪ģҪ²ô׵¡
Ҷƽһ˵˵Ҳûλл׷ľǹ˾˵˵׷𣿡
˻һеһѹֻһؼеļίǣҶƽȻҲҪǵԼĴҶƽʲô˼ô˵
ҶǣǼί참ʹҪĻǵȻҪһ룬оҶƽȻᵽˣǾҪ׷˼һһҶƽ̬ȡ
Ҷƽһ¶Цݣе⣬̬ȼڳеΣԼûпʱ֮Ի⣬Ϊһ⡣ʡίֱԺƱػ۵ìͷֱָΪ϶漰⣬۵ĲӦڵؼв棬һǷŵǱߣôķӦͻСܶ࣬ʹʲôӦҲںСķΧڣʡίŷתأҸҪǣ뿴һԺȡʩʲôӦ˭Ӧܰѱô
ȻҪ飬и߶ȵҳϣҪԼеΣºܰƵʹԼŵġƵԼôпץסһԼı
һ룬ҶƽҪҪмίԼֻǺһ£Լǣ˾ô󣬾Ȼһгս飬ƵɱͬͬʱǲҲҪʲôȥԺúһ룬ҲǵľԼǣ
Ҷƽһ˵ܵ⣬һҶƽ˶һºֲ֪ҪģԼҲ˵ҶƽĽ֮ѡ
ҶǣɵȥǶҵһΣţҿԴ⣬ʲô⣬Ҽʱ㱨ǳᶨػش
ҶƽͷԼշִ磬Ҫ̫ңҲûκεĴһһҪµΡ
һʱ࣬оڽһǳҪæӦһǡҶƽص˵ͷǶȥ
ҶƽԺһ룬úΰǹͨһ£óǱһȡΰȴǲ֪ΰǻǾͲˣȻǼίǣʱ̱õΰǵ֧֡
ҶƽȥΰǣΰϽӼ飬ֻҪҶƽ棬ҶƽҪȥΰǳͨġ
ΰǼ棬ҶƽѺ齲˳ΰһȻҲǷǳӣǵ˵֯˭ɾͲ˭ɣ㲻ͲȡǷֶΣȥ˭ҺԿ
Զһ仰ʡܸɲһʱð죬Ű취ȥŪ޷Է߶ɱоЩԽˡ
ǶںһελˣȴǲؽдãӰ쵽ȫʡĴ֣ϾһӪҵҷǳӰ𲻺õķӦǾ͵òʧˡ
ƽǻǹӪҵչģóȻ»˽£ҲᷴģӪҵӲһ£ӲˣٲȡжעķӦ֤ܹʱɲ𣿡ΰһ˵
Ҷƽ֮˵ҲõһҲһأû·
ŵȫΰǵ˵ͷãطӪҵӪ飬˲طӪܽгͽ䣬ǳʲôעĺã


1292 
ΰһ飬Ҷƽ绰ָʾٵһȣҪȡжʱȡж
ΰ֮ҪҶƽȥӲ꼸Ӫҵ֮ٶԺ֣Ϊ϶ԺȡʲôжõӰ죬ȥӲӪҵ֧ӪҵķչôЩӪҵǾͻõģȻٻǲһӰ죬ٻ١
˾Ӱ첻Сϲܲذ
ҶƽϣͨЩŷΧԹԱҵǣطӪпܵõʹ
صԺ˼ʵҶƽָʾ⣬Ҷƽ˼лߵ׷ΣҪﵽһĿºѣʱԲ֪Ϊɣô죿Ȼܻ˵ּ⣬ǹ˾²㼶ܶ࣬һͻˣʱԺûġ
һ룬͸еʱ鴦պܴ󣬶ҲءҶƽ˼ƺºأŶһĸһһķӦ
ˣҪ²ú˸Զлߣһݾߣúе£ľ߳˵ͻ¶
һ룬еҶƽǳĸһҶƽеǣûеǣǲȥ˵ģһҶƽҲзȻֲƱػķˣĻҶƽȻΪʡίǣҲܵӰ졣
ʱ˿ûо쵽ίҪɶжļԶµһлߵˣǴֻ˾ĶŵĸˣһǼǰˣȻʱŴ˸Զлߵģڹôʱ䣬ίӦٹ˽
ʵҲˣûʡίҪ쵼֮ͬ£참ԱǲŴģֻǰ˾ĸ˴ίʻ֮˾ͷˣûвȡκδʩ
£ΪһС£۵ڵĵĵǼԶȻȫʡùոտҲһ󽱣ƽĵʯһԤУеһҪ£Ҷƽ֮󣬼ͼȼǿ潭иг˵ò͸ˣɾȻеһʱ䣬Ǽίĵһֱûֹͣˡ
Ȼֵĵλû뼾Զȣ潭ҲǷҲǷǳǿһϰո뵽ᵹ̨ƫƫ̨ˣ˵ʲô˵ʡίڲ鴦ȷǳ󣬲棬Ҳǲ鴦ˣʲôĺ
Ҫ˵Ϊʵ鴦ˣᵼ潭еһЩܵӰ죬ΪǵطʵϤصЩǵֲ֧ܸɵȥһˣ˭Щ
ʵĵҲһҪ˵ܹŵ棬Ҫǿ¬ţΪ¬Ǳ˰ϤʵҪȥæ򿪹棬¬ʡίˣһίǣû¬ŵĹȴ
߼ԶһҶ󣬼ԶȻǽˣڽĹʱѾʮ꣬ҲڽˣȻҲҪˣ඼ǽıعԱ
гұۣͬʱҲĺѣĹϵһʵֲ࣬ȻǳίֵĵλҪߣ֪һ£ǰ޼ɵΪԼļȡô
ĵܵһ󳧣еĿʯȻƷ಻ãǸ˸߼ۣչ⣬ҪȻĹϵôá
֮⣬û˾̵ˣһȲּ֣徭̵̫࣬㷿ؿģ㹤̽ģڴֵǮȥǲŹ
Ա϶ڹٳϣû̽зչ˼סʲôѱܸܵ㾭ӪҲǺܶˣϸг֮ǰĸҲȫΪ׬Ǯ
Ĵ󲿷ڹٳϣֻһһܹܵһصسԼĶڹίǣ
ԺռͥҲеĿļ֮ӵҫ벻ԶİæԶһˣϾܶˣҲ
֪Щ뽭Щ߹ǽǳУĿĻΪ⣬һʼܵЩ˵ңǵڣоҪܵԼˡ
ΪǵĹϵ̫ȫ˴ͬʱнǧڣɵй֮£˭ӣ
ֻǵǰԼԼеԶЩԶҲпԤеˣȻΪʲôϽӼ˧ͳأ
˧һʮӵܣûмԶƨǣǽΪмԶϵͨ׬˲ٵǮڰѼ˧ͳſΪʲôü˧ˣԲ˹
Զʲô⣬еӰܴ󣬱Ͼ뼾ԶĹϵ̫Զ˴²
һ뵽飬ǸеЩģ㿪ʼ˦Զ뼾Զޣֽȴôûģ׻˵ĺãͲˡ
һ룬뵽󣬾Ҳûʲô˵ģԶ£޷ǻ˹ʻ˽뼾Զ֮ûнȨǮס
ʵ뼾Զ֮ûʲôȨǮĽףֻ뼾˧ֻ֮ͼίҲû취
Զܶ࣬һ²⣬ֻ֮ûʲôǮϵ뼾˧֮Ĺϵάϵ뼾Զ֮ϵһŦ
Զ֮ԲҪǮΪԶҲһԶˣŽ⽮أĵʱǷǳעԼġʱ˾˽ӴԶæΪҵɳȻͬʱҪʱԼæԣûȡǮơ
ǵڣԶҲǸеԼ;ˣ⽮ˣۿŶӼ˧ֲɲţԲݼ˧ȥ׬Ǯؾʹ˼ԶһЩϢ
뼾ԶźܶĹͬԣʹ뼾ԶޣҲû壬˵ĳɳ·ʵһµģʮǰԶֻһгǳгʮǰ˾ֵżڣȴмˡ
һɳһ̣һĬһ˳£ǽһѣûеף˰죬һ뷨ֻǲ֪Զ᲻ͬ⡣


1293 ǰ潭
Լ˼Զ˾ʳõһ˾֣ѾԻһֻˡ
Զ׳˶СԵøСˣԶһˮЦЦԶˡ
ԶһۣҲЦһµһϰɣ
ˣһжӽӰ࣬ˣ˧ûİడ
Զıһ˵˵û˽ӪҵǹҹǸСܼ̳Уǵĸɲӵѡ
̾ԶڶԵǱȽҳϵģʱ̲Լǵĸɲ
ԶǺһЦȻˣûеҵĽ죬Ҫ֪ж˵ǲǣ
˵вĸ洫ˣûо쵽𣿡
ԶȻһʲôĴţ
ǵԣԶĲ̫Լʲô洫ţ֪Լ˸޷Ǿٱѡ
ڽô꣬ʹҲΪˣǱ˲λӲҿǶҲпйĸ洫ţȻΧ̰ģ֪ģǱ˲֪ҽ뿪ڵλӣԼȽϺá
һԶĬȻǳ񣬿˵ǵҪѨһŵϽеһ֣гλȻ볡뿪гλӣ϶ǲĵġ
ϺλӸɶãһ˰ɣԶ
ЦһµҲܸһӣ䲻˰㲻ͬǹҹ˭ܸɣһҪѡӰˣҪٸȥˣȻ̫࣬ʱĺá
ԶһȻֱԵֱǶϺ㲻Ҫ£ʹʲôҲ۵ģһӪҵң˭ҲûԸ㣬˵ǲǣ
һһ𣬿ԶҪԿˣԶַǳǿˣԸǳǿƣܳ£Ҳܻ£նһۣҲղֽίǵԭ֮һڼԶȻûиıƢ
еԼ޷˵Զ󣬺ֻ÷Զ󰡣ҲǵԼҪΪ㿼ǣҲҪһ·ǧܰѹ̫۵ġ
ϺҪ˵ģǲǷ˭ģԶȻվ
ԶɺָʹȰˣΪȻͬΪĹԱڣǳ˳֣뿪֮⣬ڵʱûղˣҪˡ
һԶˣ˵ϼ˵ĶȥˣԼ⣬޹أ޹أǧҪ룬ǵҵĻû˵
ӣԶϢŭ£˺һ۵ǰЩ£Լ죬ȥһˣһүӡ
һæӦãȥǻǺõ֣ңһΪá
ںԶȻཻô꣬˴֮Σ֪һˣ˶ģ֮ǰոһأ⻹ûй೤ʱ䣬ȰɺŰ˦ˣӲţ£ϾͳЩôʱԼùģӦɹѹء
һʱûƺãüԶģŪɳ׾ˡȻҪǹֻԼĸܣûпǼԶĸܣҪ֪ԶһгͻȻҪˣʲôȥ
ͷ뷨üԶΪ򹤣ѰǼԶһԸǿ֮ˣ˴϶ܲ˵ģ˵ٶĺûҲûá
˵ڻûеַ঵ʱ򣬽иոһȫʡһĽƣʲôɵĵģǶһˡ
мʱҪˣһֵϢӾǻ󣬼ԶΪгʼϵԱϸɲƶȺڽοʣ⼸쵼Ͼʱ򣬶ЩģҲ⡣
ҶƽΪʡί쵼ҲҪ߷οίϵԱϸɲѵְͬʱϵط潭οȺڡ
潭Ҷƽϵ㣬ΰϵĵģǿǵĻв㣬˱ϵ潭
һ潭ȻǷǳˣҶƽ鴦潭һЩҲгС࣬潭еԽԽˡ
ഩһɫ޷ΧһɫΧͷ߸ߵ𣬾Ը֮ɫװ𪣬ȣͤͤһȥɱ֡
˾ԿնɱҶƽд쵼һҶƽЦֵǣþûȻɰ
һЦҶҲȻĿеż񣡡
ҶƽҲǴЦʲôż񰡣ֲʲôǣŮǣĿż񣡡
˵ҶǣҿɲҵǣȻĿеż񡣡
ҶƽǺǵЦ֣ίԺ¥ϡгԲûйֻнһ棬˾ߵ¥ϵĹ
溮̹ǣȴů紺յţҶƽͽһȥί칤Ա͹˵ˮܵ
еľùĵλĹͺܴ˵лȡ϶λӣҶƽűӺһˮضԽ
Ц˵ǿУǰʡ׶ûȡ
еľȻڶ˽˵ûУҶƽȴǹһЦǳڶԳһǵľ÷չ˼·ȷҪ볬Խûпܡ
һҶƽ˵ŻȻҶƽҪԽǽжУĵǰλȷʵΣգ֪꽭лᷢʲô¡
ЦһµǵڶȻǳһҶĬ
ҶƽǺЦҪĲǣֻˣܰԭµĹ˼·ȥȻطչܿ죬ԼͻסģߵĹӦ˳˰ɣ
һ˵ҶҵĹ֧֣û潭еĹôãԺҶҪ潭Ӳ칤
ҶƽֹЦ˵ҪǻҵҶǲӭģ
ϻ⣬Ц˵أ˿ܲӭǴͬ־Ƿǳӭģ
һ˵ҶƽҲ˵ֻҪͬ־ӭҾͺã


1294 Э
Ҷƽڽͬ潭صһͷοȺڡȺڿȥԣݻһЩͨש߷¥١
ߵҶƽ֪ȻڽĶǳũ廹źܴķչռ䡣Ҫũĸ⣬Ҫũϰ¸֮ũҵ¸϶ǲܵˡũҲôһأһ뼸ǧǮ趼㲻ˣ˵¸ˡ
ũ׬ǮҪôڵһС⣬Ҫôȥ򹤣һȥ򹤣Ҫ׼ҵ٣γضͯ͹¹⣬ȻҸΪı磬˭Ը顣
ûа취Ϊ棬ũ˱Ҫȥ׬Ǯ򹤣ûأرˣȥ׬ǮϱҲ
ϱ֮Ҫôһȥ򹤣Ҫô˶ȥ򹤣һȥ򹤣ط־ӣ˳ȥ򹤣ǰѺڼ״²ϣģûа취
ũջҪͨ÷չũȺڲҪŴ򹤾ͿҺڵĻǺαҪȥ򹤣νũյ⣬Եľ㣬ũزǳеķزԲ฻ũֻάũϰ׼һֶΣȫΪԴģֻƶˣƶ˲ĵز
ԣҪũ帻ԣҪũתɹˣһҪǱصĹˣ򹤵˲Ĺˣûϵת䣬ֻ취ũɹˣ񣬲ܽũͶȻũũҵʵũҵĹҵũ롣
ҪЩ飬Ҫչ򾭼ãľýڹҵչĻϣһζطչزʵ徭ãɸ˵ľҵũ˵ľҵ⣬Ĳҵˡ
Ҷƽÿÿ뵽ЩʱԺǲЩ뷨óʱûũˣ˵ũũǱȽ˽ģЩ쵼ûũʱȻȥũ飬һũпܱڸǣҪעũ⣬ʡھϲʲôʧ
ҶƽοȺڵʱ㿼Щ⣬ÿһεοʸܽũƶ˿ڵ⣬οûڲݶ˵֪Ƣ֮ǰȷҪίǣȵȺڼпһǲƶǣҶƽȥʱ£ίҲˡ
ʡί߷οʣֽţôĸɲɱˣҶƽһ¾Ҫ꣬ҲԸҶƽοȺڵ¶첻ˣȻҪСġ
ȺڵļУҶƽĴһǼͽıڣһƶˣûͶֲôǣֻܳԾȼáһҶƽҲǸеǿæµһӣҲԲϣ״˸еп
ϵʽҪͶ뵽ȥˣũĸǺ٣ݽϣũϣȻȴסϷʽ
Ȼ˵ũһʮǮϽ𣬵һǮ۷ǵһٷǮˮн
Ҷƽ˿λˣλ˽ӹǮʱֲţлͣȻǮ࣬Ƕ˵Ǻõġ
Ҷƽ˼䣬λ˺شӦţȥЩʽĻ⣬廹ðɣٰӰЩⶼûʲôãʣڻûͶƽʱû룿淢Ͻû죿Т˳Т˳Щʵ壬˽⵽һЩʵʵӦһ档
ȻЩ⣬ǻشҲǺΪûмĳ棬˺öˣǶصģ˲֪롣
Ҷƽţ˲ʲô˼ʵû쵽Ͻʱ˾ҡͷԱߵɲæʾǴ﷢ǸСûи
һС˵ˣˣСˡһ⻰ɲЦ˵Ͻû˵ϣСӸˡ
ֻҪʾϽ˾ͿˣȻҶƽ˵ϽûУ϶ġҶƽ⻰ûʲôӦǲ˵˼Ǹе鲻һίʵ顣˵ϽԼȥô˵ũТ˳Т˳һ˵顣ũȺڴֻϵоͲˣȥ򹤣ȻȢϱǵĻ̶ȲߣСѧһ꼶꼶˾ѧϰУûТĻĽûдͳĻĽȫһ֪ʶ֪ʶǺǳģﲻѧ˲ŵĽˮƽ
һ棬һ滹ũŮ׬ǮǿԼͲԣι˵ϸĸȻһԭǾТ˳Ķϱ̫٣ȢϱףܲϱĻ
ԣũТ˳ϱͶǾǺѵõ飬ͨͨȻּŰ˵Ҳ١λ˵ϽöӶߵҲټλ˵ĶӲТ˳
ҶƽʮӾˣΧ۵˺ܶ࣬Ҷƽ߳û˵Ҳû֣֮󣬱˳뿪ط
ǣûũ̻ǷǳҪģƶ񻹺ءҶƽ뽪һڳԽ˵
ͬҶǣ˵ǣũ廹кܶûƶģûʽˣֻҪС׬ٵǮũûֻܳȥ򹤣СҺڣƶҪǷũ壬һһҪⷽ⡣
Ҷƽ˵ͷû˵࿴˽⵽һЩģȻǳũ壬˵ǲڹ⸽ԼأҪʱδؾˡ
潭лҶƽڴ֮ǰԺȡжίʻȡ֤
ΰӲеļӪҵڿԶԺȡһʩˡߣպͼԶҪǵĻǼԶ⣬û뵽Լüί˸ϡ
糿ʱո˾İ칫ң׼֮ǰʲô飬ǲ칫ҲŰСʱӣ칫š
Ϊǰ칫ҵΣ㺰һİˡһǣʮ־ǸʲôģԼ칫ʲô£
Ϊһ˱ǿ˵ǺɣǽмίĹԱһڰҪһˣЭǽе飬ϡ
һ⻰˵һ²˹ȥʲôȻԼȥЭ飿


1295 
վмίĹԱ˵Ҫ鿴ǵݣ
мίĹԱóԼ֤˹ȥһȻ˵Ҫǵĳͨ绰Уȵһ¡
һһ˵мί໥˿ȴûжü˹ȥЭ飬˲˼ɵһЩ⣬һϼһ˵ͻһƬ𲻵ӦеЧˡ
мίԱû뿪Ǽֵ飬ЭͿˣҲ֪£ǹģھ͸߰ɣ
˲úͨʱˣ˵Ƕʲôб˸˵ǽ߲ģ𣿡
Ե˵еһղſ˵ƭ߽ģΪǣԼίԱѾϵˣһί쵼ϵˣûٲʲôֱӷǽĻҪɲһ׵¡
ܣҪǵĹϸǰȥ˲˵
һףԼΪеˣλԺգüδɵСӸŻסʲôֻЩͨ˰ɣһȫ˴˭Է
ñǳȥ⼸мίԱ̫ûˡ
һȥбһмίԱæ绰мίǱߣ֪飬мίԱγɶ֮ʱĵ绰˺
һ˵绰һ±һӵĵ绰˵ǣǼίǸʲô˼˾ҪҴߣҸ绰Ǹʲô
һЦ˵ܣҸո֪Ƕ㲻òǣи˵һ£Ҳ֪Ǽί참鷳ĺܣȲ֪ȥ㣬ºűң֪ĻҾȥˣİɣһ°ɣ
һõ˵ʲô·ǵȥ绰˵𣿡
ҪǸ¼绰϶˵ˣҪ漰Զӵ⣬æǼ¼ͿˣȻԺ׶λҪ֤ģ˵ǲǣ
һʱЩȻеǳãԳҪҪϸؿһ£ȥίһˣһҲʲôһڻȫ˴źǿӰҲ˵Ѳͬ⣬Ҳͬ⡣
һ룬ӦһȻ˵绰Ŷмίļ˵ҸһˣǲҪҵĺ棬ԼȥмίǺͨˡ
һ໥˿һʱûжʱˣ˵ᣬʲôҲԺ벻벻뵱쵼ҵģԿǣײף
⼸˵ΪȻ˲ʶ̧٣Ҫ֪ڽĵĵλͼԶ󣬳ŲϺţΪίǵĵλŲӣ֪ʡίˣٻҪһӣӦԼǰмί
һ٣վʱЩǲǲ֪Ǽί쵼İţǲҲãںߣԼȥǵĺ˵㻰ûȥôǵûɡ
룬ȥǵĹ˿˿ֵ֮
һҲǸе⼸˼ֱһˣһʱҲǷֻ˵úúãںҰɡ
˵꣬һЩ˾׼óȥһмίһֵǧ˹˹¥֮˳мίĹԱں濪ųš
һ·˹˹ѸٵؿмίԱĳ׷ϣ׷׷ǿһĺӰ
мί˳ϵһ¡֪мί̰ŸԶרԱ׼참Э顣
˵绰߽мί칫¥ʱר鹤Աڴһ˽ǰʾܣ
һۣһ˵ȥİ칫ҡ
רԱ˵ˣǰŵģ߰ɣ
ɨһۣţרԱȴִߴܣ߰ɡ
˵ǰ˳һ·ֻøǰȥˡһȣȻ߳˰칫¥һͨϣһ
ʵȥҳ𣿡
רԱ˵ǲڰ참ϣܸȥ참㡣
еһȦףǴʱɲˣרԱӵ˳㷴ֻ˳
ʻʡǷ򣬺̾쵽ˣ˵Ҵȥ
רԱһȥ참㡣
ɵȥ참ô뿪ˣ
רԱ˵참㲻ˣһˣǲôġ
һҲңǼгǺѣȻǼίˣҲҪǶλ쵼쵼£ҵģֻҪǰ˵»벻룿
еЩã£һרԱרԱһͶû˵ˡ
ǲԼеЩ˵ͨģҲú£Ƿʲôشˣߵﶼ£ԼһСҵһĴϰ壬ҲҪúõһ¡
Ա۾ڳϢˣȻҲϢҪúһ룬ô¡֮ǰһֱżԶ᲻µ⣬û뵽Լð£᲻뼾Զйأ
˵йԶİ˭֪ûƭԼԶİҲǹڽеһ⣬ʱȥԶͨϵԶӦȻŰ⴦¹ˡ
ԶȻ⴦ʱûдӦΪԶﻹ֮ԸǮǲΪ˳ѣھȻŲɣȻͬ⡣
һͬ⣬ԶȻְ£ɽĲɿ֤ˣͬ⣬һˣȻֱӸ浽ԶԶλӸˡ


1296 ȥҼԶ
о飬ûжĹϵ֤һû¡ȻܳϸԶǮǳ⣬ĻӰ쵽ģֻܰƣȻԼֻº֪ûа˸Զлߡ
ڳ飬һ·ʡǵİ참㡣ͬʱҲǴӽʡǣʡ֮󣬾ȥҶƽ
Ҷƽ˵ʡˣһʱеǳ˳˴νʡǰ참㣬ĿĲúأҪҡĻȻóȻӺͻǲܵ飬ֻһһزȡжܰѽдڵȫİҪһļɣͬʱҲҪһʱ䡣
ı棬Ҷƽһ룬ԴҪô˼ҺҲǴҵңϵˣʲô֮˼ܲ˵ġ
ҶƽĻЦҶǣǾйص⣬𣿡
Ҷƽ֮ҲЦãû⡣Գһ棬һ¡
ʱӦȻҶƽһ飬˴βǰѺί참ô򵥣ҪűĹ
ʡǵļί참֮󣬳Ҫúչ˺κεĵúҪһֱĸо
˼ί참㣬һʱûие֮⣬һ飬ֵػ侲ȻѾðǱ򶨣Ϊ֪һԵĲһĻʵȨļͼ첿š
ʱ򣬲ŻʶһʲôĴмίҳֽеǸտʼΪֻǹЭ飬»Ÿ⣬ͼ첿ǲȡͻƣԼԶ쵼ɲ
ڼί참һСӵʱɵسһ롣Ȼڴ֮ǰûκε׿֤λ쵼ɲҪϳ£Ȱһ
Ҽͼ첿ȫǺܲǵ飬Ҫ֪Լȫ˴ҵܣȴȡͻǱȽѵģǽмίΪʲôô
мί£Ծǲ㼶ˣȥеѵмίȫΪԶ飿
ʡǼί참汻СʱСʱûκɵϵͨѶ߶üίԱߣֻܴ۾顣
üίԱ֮󣬽Ǳը˹˾鵱ʱڳģһСʱûһ绰ҲͨǺżϸźͶӽϵǣȥмίڻû֪ʲôȥˣ绰Ҳͨ
źͶӴʱ֪мί˸ˣһһʲôԭ򣬺һôȥмίͲˣⲻܰ
žúȥмίֱҺذ˽Ժ̴Ӧмί˽һ
мί֮ʶˣ߽ȥˣίĹԱ˰ҲûʳȻļίԱҲ֪йص£ʹشҲش𲻳ʲô
ʲʲô鼱æϵ顣һһӻȻһô
ڹ˾ͷһ֣żæй顣һϸߺţҪȥҼԶüԶһ£ԶӦʳġ
һȥҼԶ󡣺һ룬о뼾ԶҲǺϤȥ𣿲úԼȥҼԶ
һ˵һ룬ҪͬԼȥȻԼȥ֪ô˵
˱һȥҼԶ󡣼Զʱ棬ڸոշȻһ֪˵ҪӲ칤ͺȥյĽΪϽˣȻϣĳʲô飬һԶһѡԼԶǱȽչ˵ģԶʲô£ӰҲãںͼԶ£Ҫһ
Զ׼յĵ飬Ѿ˵ˣ֪ҪȻҲǷǳӣȥȫ˴֮Ȼְ쵼ˣûȫݣӲ칤ΰҲӦһ̶ȵء
Զڰ칫ʱܹ˵ҪԶеıʣе֣˵ҪһҲе֣ǺԼҪʲôʵеЩ֡
Զһ룬ѺŴԼǺԼһΣ϶Ҫżһ棬һʲô
˲ᣬźһˣԶԼİ칫ӼһԶ󣬺űǺܻŵ˵гˣϺˡ
ԶһһʲôˣųԶæ˵ɩӣʲô˵ܳʲôˣ
ʱ־ͰŰ齲˳Զһܲ뽭мίǴ󵨣ȻúȥмίȻʧˡ
Զһ뵽ˣеǳŭóǵΪǳûϵڲ֪ǲ֪£֪£ʲô˵һ룬ƽԺ˵ɩӣȲҪżҴ绰ʣȵԱߵǸϢһ£òã
Զ˵žǵ˵ͷȻͺߵԱߵһȥţԶҪһͷϵ
֮󣬼Զȥ˵绰绰ֱӴڻˣ绰ˡ֮һ˵ǼԶ󣬱ڻʡĿˣҪȴСʱ
Զһ̱ʾ˵Լǳȹһĵ绰һеȽΪѣΪڻˣʱȥÿ˸еǳòǼԶһƢܴ쵼Ȼ飬ҲҵҼԶ˵ܼͬȥͨĻʱ£ԶҲпһ룬ǴӦԶҪ
æĵ߽ίרӼ˵Ĺңĵظί鳤һί鳤˵ֱȥ£ʣί鳤˵ί鳤ʲô


1297 
Ͱί鳤ί鳤ڷλĵطί鳤ί鳤Ҳһ£Զʲô鲻ٵһȣǵôżҪʲôͻ¼ˣ
ί鳤ȥһʼԶ󣬵ʲô£ʲô£Ǽ˵ֻȥ߼Զ󣬰ί鳤
һԶһ˵飬ֱþ͹˵绰ŵ绰æɶ˵ˣԶˣⲻҪֻܹ鳤鳤ˣԶ鳤Ҳûã϶ẦˣΪԶڽ㣬һС飬Զһʱʹ뱣Ҳδܱס
Զµ绰һ£θмίǱϵһ£һ֪֪顣һ룬Ͱʮӣλص绰˵мίһǣ˵Ҳ֪ô¡
һԶеˣмίǶ֪ѵ˸ƭˣмίҵǸоⲻܰΪȷʵȥмί
ԶһᣬеΣֻõٴжʮӣһδ绰ʱոջˣ˻ûߣҪͬ˳ȥһˡ
ʱԶĵ绰ˣһǼæܵǰѵ绰һ˭͸ǼԶ
һǼԶ󣬱ܵһ߽һˣԶ˵һ飬мί˸ȥˡ
Զ󼸺ѿڶƽʱ򽻵ʱһ㲻ƺΪǣֱȻЩãֺް취Ե֮Ĺϵӽܡ
ʱҲ⼾ԶһƺϳԾȷмί˸ˣ
Զȷмίȥ˾Ȼ˾ͬмίмί֮ûٳȥңҲûҵмί˴ߵģ˭
һ뵽ʡίΪоƾмί¶˺ĵֻмίҺʲôѵⱳݣ
˼ܣ뵽⣬æԼԶϼҴ绰һʳ֪֪顣
µ绰̴绰ʱʡǣմҶƽİ칫һӵĵ绰һ룬ô㱨¡
һ룬ͽĵ绰һ£˵ǣΪ֤֤ģ漰Զӵ⣬ʲôԱԾûί㱨֤ˣǾͻȥġ
һ˵ǲýʲôˣȻǴϰ壬ûû𣬳ͲҪ㱨һ򰡣
ϳ£ȫ˴˾ܣˣҲ˼Ҽһ£˼ңô˵Ҫ˼ҽŰ˼Ҹߣ˵ǲǣԴ˵˳һ١
̻شЩˣ´һҰмίļ˽Ӵһ¡
شַԸһµеصҵǧҪΪ˼ңץʱ֤꣬˸Żôش£Ǽίί㱨ԺԲٳ֡
һ£ίǣȻû𣬵˼ҲǴίҪߺĴ棬Щֻ̣ΪҶƽŵģ̫ڱ¶Լ뷨Բûôǽ鷢ˡ
ĵ绰һ룬תֻصҶƽİ칫ң绰Ҷƽ
Ҷƽ˳Ļ㱨֮һ룬еķӦƣֻҪܴﵽίҪﵽĿ꼴ɣֻҪϣܿͽųȥ
ҶƽĻǲٵʲôҶƽ֧ߣʹҲô׵Ըġ
ͨ绰֮󣬱Զȥһ绰顣Զһ̸˵ºô˵߾ʹߣⲻû֯ǣҽʡί飬ܾôˡ
ԶֳΪǣһ˵˵Һ֤˵²ΪһΣҾԲ˭뿪С
ԶһҪȵһٳ֣ϷԵǣǻҪһûĵĿÿԽλᣬŪߣôܻһλ᣿һλ᲻ˡ
ԶǸеЩʡί߲ƣ޷ֹĵѾʧߣĻᣬûѳŪߣҪȵʲôʱ
Զһ˵ͻȻоЩʧţڼԶǰֳܱǼֵϼ㲻Ҫ̫ģϾͻųһλҲûʲô졣
˵Զֻв˵ʲôЩ̫ˣ̫Ѷˣ֪տһ㣬ĵǡ
ͨ绰Զ˺ţõģܿͻģȷʵмί˸ˣؼҵŰɡ
飬ű᲻ʲô£üԶæԶְοһŲתȥ
ں֮󣬼Զһ룬ȥһ绰һȻʲôʱġ
˵üί˸ˣͷҲһϾǳ͵ҵңڳ£ȻҲǱȽϹĵģȫ˴أ涨˴һ»ȨģȻίĵ鲻µ飬ҪһЩɣ
һ룬վʡһΰǼһ棬ںӪҵңҪһµģȥ㲻ûġ
ո߼Զ͹ĿһնҪĵ飬ԶﵱȻȽϸˣûյĴڣⰲʡǲ̫ƽڽҲǲôڣֻҪڣǺ̤ʵ
һ룬Զµ绰ӭյ£һĵܾͻᰲһӣô˵ڰʡһģΰǿҲҪֱ档


1298 ˾ǰԼ
мί˴ߵѸڽд˳ȥ˺ܶ˵ע⣬ΪڼһƬ͵յУʱȴüίߵϢȻҪôҸеԾ
¿˵һƬţ϶ĵ֪ܵܺһί󣬱Ž飬ʹһڣҲҪڴǰ
һڣõóǹؼ͸˭ôͣźʵ䵱ǺĴ֣ԸϰһУ飬ûˣҲֻܺͺһż
϶ţг˵ˣܿͻġŷοˡ
ܻصԶĶǹ˾ôǮȴҴˣǲصĻҿš
ŸؼԶ£ԶܹģҪżг
ﲻֻǷݶѣûʲô⣬һһ£ǵȴź
鲢ԸѾȥˣǴڣȻûлⲻǸеǳżˡ֮Է飬ȫںڼίĲϡ
棬ȻгкȣĺܺãǺȻߣԸ⽻ָʹԶлߵ飬мί˺ջ
棬ֻҪʵȥϣʱÿġΪԺ󣬺Ϊֱ棬Ȼ̸һ̸ȥû뵽ǣ֮һ¹ӣֻгصʵܷȥ򣬽ϴ顣
Գ˽еԼһοҪԣʲôҲ֪ǲڰŪͬʱҲԱˣĻɾǷˡ
ʲôϢҲòȻ²˰˵ģǲ֪˵ܲã߰˵һʲôϢԳƵ£жϼΪҪ
ڴڽſ϶Ӱ쵽˾תҲ֪Լļ˻һʲôֻгȥ֮˽취ڻȫ˴ǿⱻץģίֻȡ֤ûת˾ء
ڳҪ£޳صʵʾԶлʱ֪ģǲûָʹֻ֪飬ûзԡ
ڱʾǰ֪Ϻһڳ֪ˡ֪Ŀڹ֮󣬳Ҷƽ˱棬Ҷƽ֮󣬾Ҳˣʱȵõڹȥ
ʱҶƽõҪϢܻܿȥУ˽пȥ˾Ӳ죬ʱѺųȥǸյһ
ǡǡҪȵ֮ʱ϶ΰǣΰ̸ٰѺŻȥһЩ
һаҶƽҪȥȻڶձ˰ʡǰϦΰǿ϶Ҫ棬˼֮Ե÷ǳѺãΰǱʾлζǰʡ֧֣˴Ӳ칤˵Ǹǰʡһ񣬱ؽŰʡĹɲȺøԵĹһӭӴڵĵ
ոеΰǵĻЩˣͷȴǻϲģֻһЩüչǾǺüίأôҲѣ֧˾ķչں£ҪŵģȻȥܣֻһЩС覴ãûбҪȥ
ͷȻ룬ղȥЩ飬ֻΰǱʾȥǱ߿һΰǱʾͬ⣬û취ͬʡί鳤ͬǰȥȻʡ˴һͬ
ʵΰǲͬȥģΪջ񣬶ҼʹչҲȥͬôΪڽĵӰʮ־޴ʡ˴ĸͬ˵ǺܺˣӦ֪㡣
Ҳû˵ʲôʾԼȥͿԣҪ㡣ΰǾͷԸźáձû˵
Ҫǰеǰһʱ̣߳˼ί참㣬ȻԼĺ뿪ʡиȥȺͼȡϵڳһеǿʯͷʱǵˡ
Ӽίһ⣬ŸеԼûôǿԼԭһе뷨ڿǷǳɣΪԼһЩ˵ֱ֧ǿڽĺһˣеЦˡ
ε˵Ǹһξ棬ί飬ʱԲȡʩԸԺŲһУ»⵽Ĵ
ص֮󣬺ȼ˶ŵҲˣǺظһҪ͵һ㣬׼ٺΪ
˵ûǰ˵ǺΪżǮź뽭е쵼ϵãڽп˵˭ҲûֻҪ˭ȥͻټµСֵܱˡ
ںһ˵ֻæӦţǸڵĿģ˺һһãǺҵˣڽط˵һԣû˸Ҷôһüί˸ߣԾǶǼش
ЩǼˣʱ϶Ǹеǳˬ⵽Ӧˣãڻˡ
ص֮һʱչ˼Զĵ绰ûд򣬵ǼԶȴǰѵ绰ýӴ׼Ҫȥ￴һ
һҪ·𱻿ƵһӵˣԭͼԶȥΪ˸Զṩֵ֧ģڿȴ൱Ϊṩ֧ˣ¸ģ˼ҼԶæȴǰԼæӦǾ仰ʵǰԼ
̶ôˣһܴĹ裬˴ĵ飬мίжмίĲ㼶̫ͣȻо˰飬ǳĻֻмίӦʲô鷳
æӭյ׼һɨղƵ飬˰ѹ˾ɨһ£дñһҪĵӭաֻЩ̨˿һû£д쵼˾Ӳˣôܻأ
Ǻʱ뷨֮ٺúõһģֻҪ֧ûбҪʲôΪ֧ʹŽĹԱ֧õʲô
׼ʱ̤˽ĵϣĵططķչҲעٵѪһʱеĳȡ


1299 յӲ
ڽйʮ꣬гίǣʮҲǽдչʮ꣬ȻͼԶϣȻϣһУ˵ǽĹԱĸɾС
ûָɾвᷢչȫʡʵһıϣΪĵطÿ뵽ЩʱͻһԺ֮УҲΪˣԽķĲ£ϣŽһֱܺõķչȥ
Ȼ粻ֹеĿٷչȻ˺ܶ˵ע⣬ԽûֹͣΰʡҪ쵼ڼʱѹȥûӰ쵽ĵĴ֣Դжʡ֮ðѹӰ쵽εǺʡˡ
ôչһ۵⣬ֻۿ϶ᵢչ֮ܿٷչǼֲۣۣͷзչȻ֪νʵʱ򣬽Ƚʣٽ˽ĵĴչȻִչǲģõĻҵȫˣȻͻðܶ⡣
һյʱջ𣬵ģϾǴڵģ˷ǲӦġȻԸ˷񶨽еķչģʽΪŲݱ˷񶨡
Ųķк֣ܶίҪ쵼ˣ˵ǶŲһַ񶨣˵ʱˣ·߸ˣҲһַ񶨡
˵֪ԶҪʱżæһҪԶ󣬶ҪŲʹ˺ԶˣӲ˽еһЩչǶŲһֱ
˾ҲĵһֽûĴ֧֣˾ܷչĹģԶԺ֧޵ģԶ֧ҲҪ֧Ϊǰᣬֵ֧飬Զûֵ֧ġ
֪ܵʱĵһ뷨˾ܵȻзչһ־Ҫʧˡ
һˣβƲʲƲûʲôȤǲ֪ԶЩСǼԶҳִˣɻƴɼ˵ʲô
˴ģһˣӴ֮ȻΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˿¾ҪˣȻΰǱϻӭ϶ԸΰͬҲǸˡΰǲûзΪʡίǣûаͬ
Ҳ÷ͬӱ˵ǣʵǺ˷ȻܵӭҲ˷ЩˣûЩˣڰʲôǣһ໥ĹϵҪʸ񣬵ҲҪЩ
³֮ǿͼԶ˹վӭĵմüĿ֣֣˹ؽһΡȫ˴ίӦƺίǣȻƺʡͷͷΡ
Ȼ˽ﲻôƺٳƣ»һ쵼֮󣬱ĴƵ齣ʡ˴һһͬ齡
ͬǰΰǵһòʾյ֮⣬谲ʲô飬е鶼ǽίţҲͼԶ˰š
ҪȥӲ죬ȫ˵£ֻҪͿˡϢú󣬱˵ͬǰӲصӲ졣
˽ĴţĴʱ޽ģųȫĴţȥΰڹôˣһʵĴûʲôɿģֻɵһֱ֣ҪӲʱרŰѵʱŵǴʱѾݵһλϸɲһ˹ͬӲ졣
ӲֳǳĵһĵʱŵʱЦԶʱŻΪԶʱҲǲߣûв룬վһûв廰
ͷеǼԶܵյĳ谮յǲüԶǣֽίǣҳʡίίӶΪ˽ĹԱһԱͷҲЩ˼˼ά˲ͬ
ڽӲһ죬ʱ˾˾ǽӪ÷չı־￴һĻ½˾뵽һ־УϾ˾Ŀˣʲô£˾ܵشĴ
յĵǲûиݵģΪĴŴȥ֮˾ɼ۵ĲͶ߿ʼҪ˾һϢԱͶԾߡ
ȻҲ֪һǰһΣʱһӦǷԼ⵽飬ΪڱϾǴӼί참ˣҼίҲûйһϢ˻طԿƹɼµͬʱͶ߼ᶨġ
ʱĹ˾Ӳ칤ѩ̿һ⣬Ͷ߿¶棬Լϼ쵼Ӳ죬ȻΪûʲô飬ͶߵȻͻָˡ
ˣ˾Ӳʱеһ³ʱ̬ģΪո⵽˵飬һϻǲõģ̬࣬һʱŵס
ڹ˾Ӳ쿪ʼյ̬滺ѯŹ˾ӪһһشţƵƵͷʾ⡣
ӲʱձʾҪֶ֧ӪҵķչΪӪҵĻǿ󾢴Ӫ÷չˣܽľҵ⣬Ա־õĿġ
ͼԶˣͷʾͬ⣬⻰˲ٵġʵ˽һºΪܵģԱ̫࣬ûʼһ¼Զǿˡ
˾ӲϺջصĴƵ꣬ͼԶҪΪ硣һ룬֪ͨ˴ǰϼһȫȻֵ˼˵ȫڽĹʱϲ£ȫˣҲһ£
Ȼ֪⣬˱Żɣ˵̰֮ȥ£ϵϵȫˡ
˵ջרԼǣЩϸɲҲǷǳˣһ˸߲ҵܹˣһձҵ
Źȥϲְɲǲ˼һˣҲǣܵһȥֻ¼Զһͬա
տְţûʲô׵ıʾڻҪԶ󣬰Լ׽ˣԼϲһԷˡ
ԶҲֵһֻȫ֧ˣ˰ʵǲô֧Щ


1300 
һϲ÷ǳ֣ΪΰɹˣΣҲǸеջһˣһϲ»ȵôģմ˴ģһ֮١
һϲСʱջصϢרŰѼԶеԼķȥԶŲĵˣԺ̸̸
Զյķ䣬һЦ˵Զȥʱûרź㵥̸һ㵥̸̸
Զ쵼˵ʲô;˵ɣء
˾ԶʱЩеĻˣȻ˵û˶ôοڿеĶһϮ˵壬еĲܡ֪Լ̫࣬кö£Լһܸ»µ쵼ˣڽеķչοȴһ͸ĸо
󣬿һ˵Զ֪֪Ϊʲô𣿡
һ˵ˣԶǸеЩˣյһֱǣžڵ˽ίǲҳΪʡίίĻô־棬Щ밵иˣ˼ʡίίλ
쵼㵱ľҲ뿪ˣҲνˣ˵ЩʲôԶǱȽʹ˵
һۣ˵һɲţǳǲоʣָӣҵ㣬ҲǿƷʣڳ棬ӲȱԲ㣬Բ͵һ֣һǸεģΣʹ㵱һ֣Ҳ⡣㵱ǣгɹ˳ۣɣͷ㻹൱ڸгȻһֱгɲŵãģЩ㲻⣬ֻҪԼվֱͲ£ھǱ㣬˶㲻ǲͬġ
հ⻰˵꣬ԶЩ޶ԣһῴ˵쵼ǲЩ̫ˣô֪Ҿ͵ǣ˵ҵҪǿĶ࣬˽⽭ĵνίǣʵһңҲ̱˶Խĵķչָֻš
Զ󲻷ĵصԶ󰡣˼˵Ŀ϶ǲеģ˵֤ҵĿûҪίǣ˼һҪôĵǴģйʵԭ򡣡
Զˣй࣬ԼҲ֪ģԭʱںһ룬ǲˣԶھǣʹ˵ҪԼôܱأûôȨˡ
쵼ҲˣҪҵôԶ뷨
һʵ㲻Ļ˰ɣԭɲģֻҪúùû˻ô뿪˽ģǷΣӵĽʲô𣿡
Զ̱ʾҲĻ䣬ǵǰοǳã⵽飬оζ֪ʡͷһʲôٸȥʲô˼
һʺܵ飬ԶͰ֪ˡ֮˵ǶǰˣԶȡίδؾҪԺ㲻õġ
Զ̾ҲģǱ˻ᰵнкãҵžͻᱻ͸֧ٸȥҲûʲôˣ㵱ң뿪ѵ𣿡
һ˵㻹Ƕҵ㹢ڻ
Զ̾ҲҶ̫ܵˣպңҲ㣬ֲԸ⿴ʲô£Ȼ뿪ҲãڣҸոչͰŪߣӰ첻ãȹһӣҸϵõλٴְ뿪
Զ󵭵ص鷳쵼ˡ
տһ˵㲻ԭˣһΣҲ㵣ǵģҲܺ㡣
Զһۣ˵ʲôû˵պһЩ̣ԼСһ̣ٶ˵ʲôҲûˡ
ڶ죬ȥ֪պͼԶ̸ʲôǿԶߣҲûжܣ뼾Զ֮ĹϵҲ΢ȥҲûʲô˼
մҴææ˽һˣ˵ĵĹԱһ򶨼ջǿӰ˶ǲҪǺ
Ҷƽڱ۲յĵɵӰ졣Ҫûа취ֹҲֹˣҪӰԵĿ겻ĳһˣһСŻСŻﵱΥ˼ͣȴȥΪźǿ
ѺߣȻַܿˣ˵ץΥ֤ݣΪı֧֣ǿнˣƱػ𷴵Դǲġ
ԼԶͣһҲ֪֪ȴҲûа취Ϊ鲻֤ݣԶĶӼ˧ʵߣһʱ޷ȡж
Զ󲻵һϵУҼԶһܵó˾ŽԶ˶ڿ˵
ȻϼԶһܸɵ쵼ȻҲģܸɲſԸܣſΪΪҵķǶϷΪԶйĨȥĹ
֮ҪڴǰϦѺץȻָˣú߳ҡĸֻжҡĸܽһչһĶԲߡ
ԱӦ䣬Ա䣬ȡĲԣҶƽ濼飬ʱжϺͲȡԲߡ
ĹԱĸȻʯҪ黹һѶȣյĵߣֻǵһԶûдﵽԶֵĵزԺһµĲԣھ͵·ˡ
յĵЩļƻܿܲһĹ⻹Ҫ۲죬ʱ½ۣһ˵һηԼȣһжܻܿ𵽳䲻Ч
Ҷƽһ룬ʡʱָƽΪڵˣҶҪϢúõضȹһĴڣҲҪһϼңȻȥһ˾ǣÿ궼ǻģһھǹһϼңϼҹǾʹƽѩͶӣҪϼҹ
ΪҪϼҹҶƽȥ˾ǣһԼ˺ĸȰһ꣬һԶٷȻƽѩͺӻϼҡ
˳Ϧ֮գҶƽŻص˾ǣ˾֮󣬾ȥƽԶƽԶûʲôϢյĸʱżƽԶӰ칫һ档
ҶƽƽԶһģһʰʡĹҶƽһһ˻㱨Ѱʡǰһ


1301 һ
ƽԶҶƽһЩϵ飬Ҷƽᵽյ飬ƽԶһյ顣
һƽԶҲһЩ˽⣬Ҷƽ˻ǱȽз緶ˣЩΣ˾Ρ
ƽԶһҶƽͻȻʶЩᡣǽĹԱͷЩΪ˸ĹԱΪոвжΣһƽԶƺҲô£Ϊʡһ˴ˣڣ˵ĲͬѰ֮
ƽԶ̸һ̸ʡǰڵƽԶһΪҪ͹۵ؿʷãʹٲҲȡ֮˵أȻпܵŤԼȻҲɱΡ
ƽԶĻҶƽһ룬оǷǳеԼЩƬˣΪίǿˣǾЩԣûп˼ҵĺôܵ˸еġ
ڽĹԱǷǳΪǸеԼܴĹףڷǵĹףȻǸеٴǵĸɲôˡ
Ҷƽúõһ룬оԴĵĹԱҲǰޣҪйԱһͬʣͬʱҲΰǲҲǡ
ҶƽƽԶ֮󣬱뿪ǰʡСźӺƽѩȻҶܷܷ÷𿪳
ӽ׼¸ٵʱ򣬸·ڵĹԱ׼շѣֻһ֤Է̷ˡΪһӵĸɲŶݣȨ
֮Ҷƽ뵽˸߿͸Ĭһ뵽ǴʱȥأƽѩԼҪȥ߿Ļƽѩ϶᲻˵ġ
뵽ҶƽֻĬڳǲǵȻص֮Լһ
Ӻܿͽ붫ؾأϤһֳˣÿһλؼңһϤʸУؼҵĸоֻǲȥˣΪһ˾˵ĻؼҵĿĸ嵭ˡ
ʱҶƽ³һڴʱФи˵绰һФУҶƽһ£
Фһ˵绰ǼæûлؼҡĻҶƽ˵ûлؼңǸԼոյңҪ߱ˡ
ФһҪҶƽûоܾؼܲʲô˶ɡФеĵ绰ðҲ绰ˣԼոմӹǱ߻ؼûС
Ҷƽһˣ˶ɣԼҲǸոյңұҪһ档
صҶƽүү͸ĸһǶˣĸȻǷǳˣ֮ǰûôȫҶͽҲˣڿһͥᡣ
ĸ׹㿴ҶƽҶƽͷϿʼһ׷ʱ򣬱۵صƽͷôҲ׷˰ǲ۵ģ
һ˵ҶܷܷЦ裬Ҹʡ쵼ûʡ쵼ڵϳ֣ûһϢģܲ۳𣬲ҸҲȾȾ˼ҿ
Ҷܷܷһ˵̲סЦǹȴҶܷܷ˵㻹Ц磬⹤ǲף
Ҷܷܷæͷ˵ˣҶܷܷȫ˸ӣǵʲôСѾͷǳһ󸾣Ҳһӣһˡ
Ҷ˿Ҷƽ˵ܣע尡赣ء
ҶƽûҶܷܷĻЦŵû£أٰͷм׷ûɶģ裬㿴ͷȫˣڼע塣
еȦһ죬Цŵ֪Ƕõҡ
ŮǴʱʵǷǳӵģĸڼﵣĺʲôίҲĸĸڼʲôãһʱǸеĸһһıϣ鰡
ҺүүҶ廹Ƿǳİ̩ˣӦЩٶۣǼҶƽȴЦҶƽеˡ
ᣬҺФһϵһҶƽĸĸȰ˸꣬һȻҶƽԱ˵
ФڽίίˣȻǸسеܲˣϽһû˰æֻλɡ
֪Ф֮Ҷƽûбٰ̬ФˣФ֮ɣԲΪûйϵԵʣΪĹ϶ôȻ޺÷Ͱˣ޺÷ڻίǣԼϵҪãӦ֪Феֹϵ
ڹǱ߹ʵǸеЩ󷽱ˣϾֻһ棬ʵٻΪҶƽ뿪άͷڶɲˣҪһЩڻֻίǣǱ߸еЩ̫㡣
ֱӺҶƽҶƽһ룬еԼ˹ȥôԶҲǿģ֮ҪҵǱȥٵؼǾûʲô˼ˡ
ҲõʡΪʡίǣҪԼϤˣ˻лһ룬һ⣬ѰȵҲίȻлٵطĻͱȽ˳ˣΪӾٵط٣İű˵ʲô
úõ̸һ̸Ȼһ˳ԷҶƽרŰֻˣΪصĻ˴绰绰˴ǰʡˣЩ˶ܵȥˣҪϵȴ֪뿪˾ǡ
Щ绰˵УʵкҪһƽ飬һ룬Ҷƽڱ֧֣ȻҶƽ㶨ˣǾͿˣһڵʽǰҪҶƽƽ
˾ֱ֮ӸҶƽȥһ绰Ҷƽ֮ûнӣΪһ㲻İĺ룬Ҳ֪Ǻ˵绰һҾǵм˰æһҶƽЩϤ
һȦˣҲûҵҶƽϤˣȻҶƽھǾסƽʱ˰ҲҲĹϵ㬵뿪˾ǡ
Ҷƽ֪һƽһڵʽŵǰĶ
Ҷƽû⣬ΪûиҪлһʽҲǺĴϰŻ˷뷨ΪǮƽһС
Ҷƽڼһϣ˵ڶ磬һ룬ȥΪȥУƽѩڼһ£Ȼٻؾǡ
Ҷƽƽѩһۣû˵ʲôͬ⣬Լһ˿뿪ˡ


1302 Ҷε
ҶƽһȥУ֮󣬱߿һ绰Լ档ͻȻӵĵ绰߿еͻȻӿ죬˶񣬲ſ˵
֪Ҷƽ߿ԥӦҶƽҪȻӼŸĬ
ԼһҾƵİ棬ʱֵһŵľƵ٣ҶƽһҵһҲľƵ꣬߿Ҳų
һҶƽ߿һƽվһ򶨡Ҷƽ󣬱ЦˣĬĬôˣ
˵꣬Ҷƽ߼ȻĬͷĬȻǰĬҶƽҲ˵ҶƽͷҲûжܣ˸еСһʮֵˡ
߿һʲôʱģ
Ҷƽ̧ͷЦŵģһϼң㡣
˿ҶƽȻӢף߿صʵûҪǣ֮Ѿûκιϵˡ
Ҷƽ˵ԲҲҹͺӵˡ
һ˵߿𴦿һۣȻ˵Ҳô˵ûдŲŵ顣
Ҷƽһۣ߿ĸ˴ȥҶƽʸĬϲʲô˵
ǸĬȻ˵Ҷƽ˿ͶԸ߿Ĭ˵ĸоЩ̫ƧˣƽʱǲǲúͱС氡
߿ָһ¸Ĭͷ˵ЩƧСûаְ֣˵ܸ˵𣿡
һ߿Ҷƽеѹǿһζӿ˳̾һҶԲĸӰ
߿ȴ˵ûʲôԲ飬ǵڹٳϷչҲҪƽѩˣ𣿡
߿ĻһֱԹҶƽҲ˵ʲôˣһ룬˵֪һЩԹΪ˺ӵĳɳҽְɣ㿴вУ
ְְ簡߿ǿҶƽ˵
ҶƽЦһµְ磬ȥǣĹϵȥȥְֻǴȥְֳŸĬǱߵĽҪúܶ࣬Ժӳɳ㿴вУ
ȥǣ߿һ£һ룬Ҷƽ
ҶƽûǱã취ȥ󣬴ߣ͸Ĭû⡣
Ƿأ߿һʵ
Ҷƽӵ취Ҳصġ
߿۾ƽ治ǸɣΥΥ͵ǧܸɡ
ҶƽЦʲôأǼίǣܸ£һᰲ˸Ūһ׷ӣģκ£֮ҲûʲôȨǮϵĽףİɡ
߿Űɣһ˵ٿһ£뿪طҸĸô죿ҲҪҸĸġ
Ҷƽ˵ĸԹȥǶѾˣﶼϣ㿴вУ
߿һʱĬʱûдӦҶƽҶƽҲϴӦٿǿҲá
Ҷƽ߿һСʱʱ䣬߿ҶƽʱȻ˵Ҳ御ˣϾôˡ
л֮ҶƽҶܷܷһ˾ǣʱûпʼϰ࣬ٻؾһˡ
˾֮ҶƽϵһҶΣѸ߿Ūǲӵ»ҪҶΰæҶͶʹ˾һ뼸ʮڣҶƽȥǲƲ飬ҶⷽȽչˣҶǳܵˡ
ҶһǹЦҶƽӵ˼ĵصһص˽˻˽˻ټˣҶƽʱԼһԷʱ򻹻ᵽҶƽԼġ
֮ҶαЦҶƽڰǱˬˬ˵ڰҲѵģֻǲ뵽Ǳȥ
ҶƽЦŸڰǱ߻аɣˬҲϰˬҶһЦҶƽ
ҶͶʵ⣬Ǻ֪мһģƽʱҲûж飬ȻʮյģҶƽΪһԱڼڶûУҶƽûʲôĩĸʡ쵼Ҳǡ
ʵĩĸȫǲƷڹȥ⽨ʱʵͨ󳼣ûϢյ飬һ굽ͷϰִ࣬˵ʵ̫ˡ
ʱڵĹԱȻûôĽڼϢΪʵ̫࣬һ뿪æͻԵҲֻ࣬üӰӵȥɡ
ҶƽЦЦҶһµθ磬ҿӦʵ徭÷չϸͶʵ飬ǹҪǿ󣬻Ҫǿʵ徭֧ţν⾭òǻ˵⣬ǲϹӵĵ
һᣬҶƽҶĵڹڿʼϵѧϰ˼ʲôڴ£ʲô⾭ãʵ徭Ѿ棬׬Ǯ鶼ʲôڡ⾭ˣʵ徭ñò׬Ǯˣܿûʵ徭ãʲôʲôʲô߿ƼĲƷнʲôðЩСһСΪȻһܲ飬ǻûʵ徭֧ţ϶ǲеġ
ҶƽԽҶȥʵ徭ãҪȥʲôͶʰڰĻҶͷ˵ʵûɹᰡ
Ҷƽθ磬㻹ǻؾӰɣ취¿ƼȻȻͶ̣ΪһЩף
Ҷһ۾һЦЦǿ԰ܸоûǰʵˣ²ˣ״̬ԭǣʧȥˣûΪжˣԲŻеûģһҪΪףȻ߳ж񲻰һ⣡
Ҷ׳ҶƽƵãθ磬θıɫ
ҶιЦҶƽļƽҪٻصȥԺ¼ĻˣôǮҲû壬Ҫһְɣ
ҶƽǺǵЦֵܣһ룬θǽ
ҶֹЦҶƽ˿Ѹ߿뵽Ҫһӵ
˵ҶƽڰԼǰޣҶβ˵˵ƽҪѩ֪˿ǲðҪǰ㣬ԺҵңҲӦ
Ҷƽθ磬ղ˵ˣֻҪ㲻˵Ҳ˵ѩҲ֪ġ
ҶιЦƽˣһΪҪҵǮģԭҰæǺðɣҸзӵû⣡
ҶƽսҶε˵θ磬Ҫллˣ°꣬ͷͲоǷʲôˣȻһ¡
ҶοЦƮ֣ⶼ£ϵܣİɣұ׼⣡


1303 ̬
Ҷμ棬Ҷƽȥһλѣλһλɲ뵳УѧϰڼʶһλѣʱһּɲҲθˡ
Ƚţƣ鲿ĸڹٳϲܵҲҪһѣλ˵֮һ
ѲҪ̫࣬ǾγˣֻҪؼļСҶƽĿæѰҵ鲿ȥð鲿һ¡
͸һ棬˵̸̸һЩ飬֪Ҫ֮󣬱ڴӦҲһɲҲһǾǱȽϼˡ
Ҳ֪Ҷƽ鲿ȥԵ鲿ĵʱıЩɵ鲿һǳʥĲţһܽȥĵطȻȴǽȥˡ
æ뷽͹άϵһ£˵Ҫ鲿ȥˣȻʾʮֵĽʲôʱҲ뿪ְ
ЦŸǣҪԱżɲ;ְλֻ뿪ˡ˵άǺ˵ΪǹֻһɲǸеЩί
֪ԼҶƽĹϵ϶ûаҶƽĹϵֻü﹤ȥȵʵʱ취Ҷƽߡ
ҶƽصʡʱѾǴģھҲûд೤ʱ䣬ʡͷ£һֱʡصʡʱʡίĹԱûʽϰ࣬鳤Ե³֪ˣϹϰ࣬
Ҷƽ֮ȵһãԵ³ЦЦҲ˵һ䡣Ե³һϳ֮ˣһĬĬţϻţ񣬿ӣԲһֱûеְ񣬷鳤һְҪԼźá
Ҷƽ̸һᣬȻˣԼһڰ칫һĹοչʡѾˣҲûиɳʲôɼҲûȣȫʡץ֮һûĸɲ˵ɼҲ̫
ίĹɼȻҲֻڰ참ϣĹˣ참ίչֲ˾Ͳ£ʡίǾûеˣΣ참ǵһλ飬µһһҪ참󰸡
һ뵽참飬Ҷƽ룬ڰʡطҪһ󰸣ѶȻǱȽϵĴҪͻƣ²ô׵飬Ҫĵĳﻮǡ
˼죬˶ϰˡҶƽȥμʡίίᣬΰʡίίᡣеĳίμˡ֮󣬴ȻҪһںһϰٿʡίίᣬȻҪȿһµġ
ʡίٿλҪоһһĹɸί㱨Լ깤㡣ҶƽȻҲҪһġֵʱҶƽʾһһҪһӴ참ȣΧȺڹĵȵѵ򸯰ܷӿڣȺܸܵĺô
ΰǾǵ˵ͷָ˵òܹһҪȺڸܣȺ֧ǵķܹ
쵽ʡʱǽһʡĹ㣬ͻȻҪӴӪ÷չ⣬ӴӪ÷չȣһҪӪҵңַǵĹԣܴٽӪõķչ˵⻰ʱ˺ӣ˵мίûйֹûʡк£ֱӽ˾ܺߣ˾ɼµʧأشӪҵչĻԣӰǳãºҲûʲô˵˾ȻУһڵĽѵ
ڳί⣬ȥֻԽмίҲΪ˾÷չĿǣûʲôر⣬˵֮רſҶƽһۣʾûԼί˼ǶԽмίҹͬϣһҪٳʡҪʵ־÷չҪӪõĲϽί참ҲҪǾúЧ
Ҷƽ֮Ȼϲÿǳίᣬ̸ԼĿˣܶ˵ʲôҲֻԽмίûֱûأ
˵֮ʡίί̬Ȼʲô飬ÿһ˶ͷ⣬ϡΰĻ֮ûʲô̬Ϊ飬Ҷƽǰģ˼Ҳһ£Ҳýʲô֮һλʡίίˡ
ڽ֮󣬿ΰûб̬֪ΰǴҶƽվͬһġ֮ҪȻһʱ֮٣Ⱦ˼ıġ
ǣ׼óһʽƽҶƽȻȴûҵ·ʹҵ·ҶƽҲʲôϸҶƽ治ῴһڵʽǮ˲ǮͿ˲Ǹɴ쵼ˡ
ȥǻ˰һ񣬻ȥˡʡ쵼ܾãġǴӽгֱʡģתʡӵˣĹϵȻҲʮС
棬һġĻ֮󣬾һ롣
£Ȼ֮ǰ͹עˣ󣬽мίΪһС£߽е飬ΪЩ񣬲Ӧô죬ôˣҰ֮ʲôҲûУ˵ʲô˵˰
˵ԶвŲˣֻǼίһСʯһˮˮǳжһѵӣһܴ˭ͼʮˡ
һ룬ʾʡһټӴȣ֧˾ķչͬʱ̸һ飬Ҫʲôģù˾Ĺ
ͷڸеЩķˣ֮ǰʮֵ㣬Ϊȫ˴ҪԱŽ飬Ҽڣĵλ˭Ҷһ
ȻڽмίǶˣôأ뷢ˣǳ˭ȥ˭ȥʹ֪ҶƽôȥܼҶƽҰҶƽƽȻûʲôĵˡ
ʡµıһҶƽҶƽͷЩҪһֱҲţһôӪҵɴֱˣˡһ˵
˼һµȲҪ̫żҶƽ㣬Ҳô׵£ͷٴҲҪطʲô취һ顣
˵ͷ˵ʡҶƽ뿪ǰСһֱǽģѵǵˣ
Цһµ㲻Ҷƽ⣬˿ǽķչǿ˳ۣŰ취ǵĴ̣
̵ˣҶȥͶƱɣ


1304 һƪ
һʵѵζǲ
ίǣ鲻˽⣬ԲŻдʡ˵棬𣿡
ʱ˭ԽĲһеЩɥôٵľǲˣѵĺù⾰Ҫˣ
̸֮󣬱ϵһ£һ⣬Ǹе޷ٵȥҪһУҲһ¶֣ȻԴС
֪˵˼ҶƽָʹĻȻĿģǳһʱ֮٣һҪúõоһ£һ¶Բߡ
˾飬ʡίίϷѣָļί˹֣ߺе飬˾شʧ
ҶƽĽûе̬ҲûΪίб绤Ȼ֪˾֮⣬סûзָ
Ҷƽ̬ЩԤϣΪԼֻҪЩҶƽһΪмί˵ҶƽĻôͿ⣬һЩڵΰγһѹϾΰģһжʡίڸ㣬ΰڱ϶һãΰߵǰ̨˵ԽĵĹԱΪǿɴΰʾĹԱ
Ҷƽ̬ΰҲװûʡ߼ҲҲǲһ÷ҲǸеǳΡ
˷һۣȻֿ˾ǽĵģΪ˾˵Ӧһģû£ʱûнΪĽԶû뼾ԶĽϾǴӳίǡ
һеԼýһʲôˣԵǹһ룬˶ԺһΰȻ˵ղͬ־Ӫ÷չ⣬ǿһ£ΰͬ־ǳӪõķչǰרӲӪõķչҪ뷢չӪãչʮҪͬ־ҪӪҵңǻԣΪбҪͼ첿š˾漰ӪõİҪгֿǵӪõķչ⣬ҪӰ쵽ӪҵľӪȫʡľ÷չǳҽʡίʡ·һģרǿһ£Ӫõķչ
һķӣ˵ҲоݣӪҵķչһֱߣҶƽԴ˲飬Ƿ˵ûʲô
ΰǲòʾԭӦģǴʱҪӦˣûпֱӿ᳡˵ͬ־ͬ־⣬ʡίʡͬ־ͬоһ£бҪһо·ֺ֧͹Ӫ÷չǼȶߣղͬ־ᵽ˾飬ҾÿʹǶӪõķչ֧֣ӪҵҲҪعҵķɣȻͬ־ĿҲǣҪӪҵķչһ£ղŷͬ־Ҫ·һļҲ˼ֺ֧֮ܶ͹ӪõķչģܴٽȫʡõĴչ
ΰҲ˱̬˾һ赭дıʾȻͷ˵һ֧֣ϾӪ÷չϣ˭ҲԵΰΪʡίϣҪı̬Ӫҵ֪֧Ӫõķչ϶ǲʵģʱЭǱߵͻᷴˡ
ΰǽԺͷû˵ɢˡɢԺΰǰҶƽ˹ȥҶƽİ칫ҡΰǵ˾飬£ڹϣҶ˵ʲôˣ߼ҲҲ˵ˣʡǱƺôϣһָ˾ᣬȥԺ󣬺úĥһ£һô죬ķչģʽǾٳˣⷽȫʡźǿĹԣ㿴һ궬ǰʡȫģ˾ǣٲǻܸʣʲôȥĶ죬ڿɺˣֻʣˣĽҪġǽǱߵҵȻŴԴȾأ죬ָʡͬ־Ľж飬ʡίɼ˸ŹȥҪһЩЧ
ΰǵĻҶƽͷΰǿ˵ʵʣĵĹԱ֮ԲܵҵĻӭԭǵķչ⣬һԴԵĳУҵǴԴӹҵú̿ʯЩܺĸߺȾصҵ˾ΪһӪҵΪ׬ǮڻȻûʲôͶ룬Ⱦ˻
ҶƽΰԺ󣬱йȥͻϣе黷
飬Ҷƽһοչ참Ű참Уñа취һڰ칫棬򿪵ԣһվţͻȻһ۵š
ع˰ʡһϳѵһ¹ʵĴڸ·ϳ£·ϵľԮ˾Ԫϳѣ˴ǿҲ
űعǵһƬ֣׷ױʾ⻹ҪҪ˻ˣԮ˾Ƚٷ˻ٷˣ¹ʱ͸оܵùˣ£ƢõĲ¥ǵȥɱˡ
һѵԣҶƽȻҲǸȤɸϸΪʲôշôߣ˭շѵģ˭ڸ·ϳģ˭飿
²ܹ˭ܣ֮󣬱оЩˣԮ˾ǰѳʮȻ˼ҪǮҪôǮ𣿿ϽͣһŮӸλ˵ϳѡѻ˹ѣ˵úһǮҲǲеģΪһǮĳͿߡ
Ҷƽ֮󣬾ǸоŮӵĻ̫ϵҪǮҪǮ˵ΪͣһӪҵ˵ӪҵֲۣҪپҪ٣гõҪⲻǺ
˿򱨵֮Ҷƽ˽һ飬ǰΤ߲˹ϵһдƪļߣ̸һ̸
дƪļ߲ǰʡļߣҶƽҪ̸һ̸Ļ±ȽѣҶƽΤ߲ϵһ£һܲϵϡ
Ҷƽ֮ҪߣΪ鼴ʹһҲҪߵĲ룬ֻü߲룬ܰףȻٱȥΪ쵼ɲҪѧߴ򽻵


1305 Ů
Τ߲һʮŮߣҶƽʱΪ֣ôһŮߣѵƪдģ
ҶǣλǽߣΤ߲Ůߴ֮Ҷƽ
ҶƽæӦ˵ŶߺðСΤߵˮȥ
ҶƽԸһ£Τ߲ת䵹ˮȥбļߣʡϽбץţӳȵ⣬ȫһ֪ȣȻҲдʡ顣
һżߣμӹ꣬Τ߲ϵʱʮֵľȣ֪ʡίôϵ
ʾ˱쵼ǽһ쵼Ҳ˾˭֪ҶƽȥǸʲôģǽԼ˾ȥһҶƽҶƽԲˡԼһ飬ʲôѹ
ˣʡȼΤ߲ȻŹҶƽΤ߲ˮת˳ȥ
䴩һɫ޷һͷ緢һʱֵĽӾȥȸһְҵŮԵĶʡҶƽһΪߣҲҪعһֶΣȻôץסȵš
ߣðҶƽ˽һۣһãվҲ۲ҶƽҶƽĵһоǾλ쵼Щ̫ˣĿеʡ쵼
ҶǺá鵭ضҶƽҲ˵һ䣬ȥЩģ˾һˣһðĵˡ
Ҷƽо־н͵⣬֪ôģڹȥһ쵼ټһĵ飬Լټѵ
Ҷƽһ룬ΪƪԼǲȻ߶ȽţԼγɾ롣
С̸߰һ̸ҶƽЦһ˵һֺг
ֶһۣһ룬Ǵ󷽵ˡҶƽԱЦ˵һʱ򣬻ΪһʮֿӺû뵽ȻһŮߣҳϰ
Ҷƽʮеغ˵˻ıúһЩĿ⿴Ҷƽȴû˵ƺ֪Ҷƽ⡣
С㲻ҪôŰôŵĻҲŵġ䶢˵ҶƽЦŶ˵
¶ЦҶƽ˵ԼҲŵĻˣҶƽһƽ׽˵쵼Ųʲô
Ҷǣǲʲô°ڿ˵˻
ҶƽһЩ£дƪҿ֮оܺãҹ˽һȻ취һ£ʵǴཻܶģôȵıΪһλϼдģû뵽һ㣬ܰߣ
ҶƽԼĿ佱䵹ǸеЩ˼ˣæ˵ҶǹˣֻƾԼ£ǵỹźܶĲ֮
Լǰֱ˵ĻҶƽЩĵЦСߣУҵҪ˲ţ֧ôϵһЩⷴӳȻǼԽһǳõ飬¸ңС
ɲǼеҶƽİ̫ˣЩܲˣ⻰Ǵһʡ쵼ｲ
Ҷǣʲô¾˵ɡ俴Ҷƽһۣæ˵
Ҷƽһ˶˵˽һ㱨ǸϳѵľһҪһ¡
ҶƽһϳѵҶƽһ顣ǿһǣϳѾԲܰѰȫھԮ˾ϣͺñǿˣǿԭǻǹǿ˳⡣
ֹ۵㽲ĲҶƽ˵ͷһ۵㣬ΪϳѺӦһȻǲĿŵ¹ʳҪôǮǮӣǮ֪ԼǲԵģȻǮôֱ׳˵û֧֣ôܣ
һ֮йزֻþԮ˾˰Ǯһָ¹ʳǽͨûκεĴ֮⣬ҲûʲôӦȻ˵Ԯ˾ǽָģǽڷ¹ԺӦƴ¹ʳɾԮ˾ѳߣȻȡϳѣԲǴһˣҲӦ֪ģǲӦ˵ҲǴģӦҲеһ
Ҷƽһĥһ£еһȻֻһֲ²⣬ṩһЩ򣬼ʮ˵ʵʵ
ʱϳѵıѾȥ죬·ҲһӦü߸ع⣬Ԯ˾ûҪ¹ʳôǮ¹ʳǮѳӷˣ֮ûʲôһǿǾԮ˾Լ˽ΪǹֻܲͨЭˡ
Ҷƽһ͸оͨŵ飬˽Űѽйһʣһо鲻һżȻ飬Ӧںóʱˣ·Ų֪֪ܲȴķûʲôèǹء
ڽԮ˾ûйأ˵ƾֱΪԭɹľ飬ſҲӸϵ
ߣֻǰˣǻûаԭҳܲ뷨ȥԭ򰡣ԭҲҶƽһ˵
ҶƽĻЩԾҶƽǰʡ쵼ѵԼĳҪ֪ĵط飬Ͳ뷨أлǻϽ͵ģ
һӶҶƽĹ۸תˣеҶƽһʮе쵼תΪҶƽҶǣҰԭعˣӰ쵽ʡ쵼
ҶƽЦ˵Ǽ߾ҪۼලǼίǼලҲǼලеʱҲҪǵļලУܰǵĹã˵ǲǣȥԺٸһذ飬ԭЩΥΥ͵¶ԭκòã
еҶƽĻϵģһ˵һȥ֮ټɷⷽţϣٷ
ҶƽЦܺã֧Ҫʧ
ص˵ͷҶƽ˿΢ЦСģ
ҶƽϤͰԼһЩҶƽҶƽ֮󣬵ͷ΢Цţһ˲ţ˲ţʵҪעΪ쵼ûغ뷨ֻһƽӹ쵼ʶһ쵼Ҫı£ⷽ滹ǱȽעġ


1306 ۼල
Ҷƽ뽭̸껰֮󣬱ȥʡίʳһԷƽ׽ˣϸеǳܰ
극Ժ󣬽Τ߲ŽˡȵԺҶƽص칫һ飬ϳ飬ίһҪעһ£ߵıһĶãõ˲òӦˣǵ֮ԻӦԣȥһѹǵһ쵼ѹΪЩԺϼ쵼϶Ҫעֻǹעĳ̶Ȳͬѡ
ǼίеʱһעЩ飬ΪίҪǰ참ģԺҪǿ϶Ҫ참Ҫ참ȻҪеȡ֤Ӷܶ˵ķУûмίĻƶİ참Աδػйԡ
ҶƽһⷽüίҪһӦȵƣҲ˵ֻҪһЩȵ⣬ίҪһʱн룬ܶйزȥ⣬Ӷˣ漰Υ͵⼰ʱ鴦ܲٷƵ
ҪŷŷרŴŷú;ٱģŷڲ³һۼලרŸӦ⣬üίӵЩۼලٵõίļල
˼ϺҶƽԵ³֪ͨеļίίᣬһоһ飬о֮ʡί֯ϵӼίƵҪ³һҡ
ίίῪԺҶƽ˳ͨˣҶ³һۼල뷨ûκεԼί˵һ£ίȨ
ίίͨԺҶƽȥϵʡί֯Ҫۼලȥʡί֯Ǣһ£ʡί֯ǱߵķӦǳã˵ʡίûбҪٳһµĴңǶһٵ뷨
һǲʡί֯һˡ֮Ҷƽ档Ҷƽһ͸о⣬ǲʡί֯ʡίʡί֯ǹΪϵԭԼɣ
ҶƽͷеǳĲңŸ˵˽ֻŴٽۼලѣʡί֯Ըͬ뷨еЩŭ
Ҷƽһ룬ֱϵ˹Ҫϣõ֧֡һӵĵ绰Ǵ˵˵Ҫٿоһ£Լ½⡣
һֹٻҶƽǲɵµ绰֮󣬸еǹڹҶͬţû˼ˣһۼල⡣
ȻǻôԼûбҪȥΰ˵һͰˡ
Ҷƽΰǻ㱨ʱ򣬱ѳۼල㱨ˣΰǾ͵ͷʾͬ⣬ȥˡ
֮ҶƽҲٹʡί֯ǱˣֱۼලȻһ˳ۼලĴθоԭŷһĸΰᵽλϡ
ʡίδ¸ɲҪʡίίᣬίίͨͿˣڼίίͨԺ󣬱㱨ʡί֯һ£֯ǲᲵصġ
һȴǲͬˣΪۼලûоʡί֯׼ģʡί֪֯Ȼǲˣʡί֯ʡίʡί֯Ժʡί֯ǳٳûͬʡίȻǲʡίΪˡ
ҶƽҲȥʡί֯ôǰʡίڲҪۼලܸ
εۼලĴȫʮϣΤ߲䣬ҶƽЩᵽۼලλϡ
ȫû뵽ܵۼලĴԵԺһı֡Ҷƽרټסϳ飬ذ
Ҷƽר뽭ϵͬáȫҶƽָʾǹĻԸӸ뽭ȡϵ
ʱ򣬽Ѿ飬־Ԯ˾֮ԻΪ·ΨһľԮ˾·ŵһλ쵼źܴĹϵڵз֣·ŵ쵼ҾԮ˾йɷݣҾԮ˾ŻӵȨ
ȻҾԮ˾ֻ·йϵĻУٽ쵼ҲŹϵϵꡣ
뽭ϵ˽Ժȫ²϶ŹԱΥ͵飬Ҫȫ飬Ҫмί룬ƾߵĵ϶ûġ
ҶƽָʾȫýٴηһƪһЩһۡ
Ժ󣬻ȥͰƪ˳ڱоֱָĳЩ쵼ҾԮ˾ʲôĹϵһͱһ¨ӣΪָǼ쵼̴绰磬ҪǰƪջȥҪǽеǸϵݴУǵġ
һʱ֮䣬ʡĸ·źͽſʼбʩѹбڰʡıֽʩѹЧǺԣΪǱٷбĲɷóһҪвۡ
俪Ųɷó뵽ʡȫģýŸˣڸ·ϱˡ
æ绰ȫȫʱҶƽ㱨Ҫһϵ飬׼Ϲͨ˰۵Ȳһ顣
ҶƽĻ㱨֮󣬾ÿУ綫ǣͷ飬ذʱ֪ýŸˡ
ȫһ㱨ҶƽҶƽΪʲôԭ۵ġ͸ûʲôԭ򣬷ýˣ˵ԭĻǾΪǰĲɷõˡ
һ˵飬Ҷƽ֪Ժ󣬷ǳŭԵ³̴绰ʡˣĳӷУ˵ʡίĿˡ
Ե³ҶƽĻ֮ȥ绰ϵʡʡһ˵ʡίĿˣҵ̴绰øٽŷųˡ
ٽ֪ҲǽţæǸ˵һʱᣬҪ⡣֪ô£ɨһۣͷҲûصؾͿˡ
ʡίȫӼһĸղŷ顣ͺظٽǱΪԲӦó֣˭ĳģ˭ӦеΡ
ȫοһ£Ȼ˵ʡϵ飬ⷽ滹ҪЭ˵飬˾ȫʲôµϵɶš
һ˷ܵӣȫ׼ҲҪɼģܰȫȥҲ󣬵ǿ͹ȴڽдڵ⡣


1307 
Ҷƽ׼ϵ飬綫ʡίԺ綫ҶƽΪʡίǣʱȻǶҶƽƴӡ
ʡͨ۾֡˰ֵȵλԱһ飬ȫϳѵ·͸ٽ濴ʡίһӵҪʱ򣬲е˽źͺ¡
Լߣη壬ҶƽĵʱǲʶˡΪӦ飬̶˹ͬˣͼɻء
ڣ˸··ĸˣһһĸ֧ӳǣˣȻΪ¶ܵ˴ﵽˡԱܻ߱ƽ˾شԱȫְǹȴ֡
ʡίרͨһʱѱ˳ȥʡίָͨ˴ϳ¼ӳ˸쵼ɲΥΥ͵⣬Ҳӳ㹤ԱĮȺ棬ְΪ⡣
Ԯ˾ʨӴ󿪿¹ʳҪǮ㹤Աǲ֪ǵ鷢ʱûվȺһߣ̻Ԯ˾ҾԮ˾ɥûʲô˵ĵ⣬ֻ֪ȡ߶˿ǵΪô˺ΪķԲһγɵģǵıѾΪΪȻ˵ȡϳѣҲһˣЩ˵׬ȡ˺ܴ
Ҷƽȡ˵鱨ԺΪεȻ鴦˸ɲǶԾԮ˾ȴû̫Ԯ˾ҲΥȻҪˣǾͲҵԺҲԣҾԮ˾Ŀȫ׳죬һǰշԼ˰Ҫش
Ҷƽǵף綫ֿ֪ӺȺʹܹԱȻɺޣǶѹգեȡȺ˽ҵԵ˿ɺޣԮ˾ҵûʲôҲᴴʲôƸƾŹϵȨ֧֣ǿ׬ȡ߶󣬼ǺṩʲôЧʣҵһָͷð˳Ҳע
ҶƽһԸרŵҾԮ˾Ԯ˾һǧķ˾͵˰ùץԮ˾ڡ
ٻ㱨Ҷƽ֮Ҷƽŵ˵ͷ綫ٹһҾԮ˾ôҿһȡϳѵ³ͽĻ˸⣬ЩǱڵĻ֪һ
ҶƽϳѵϣҿôݣڴֽкõͬʱҲ̫ˣ˼εôݡ
Ҷƽ˵ҪԼȥ¡ϳѵֵ÷׷ʱ򣬽ǱȴǴһ
ʡίԱͬʡȥĵ黷Ⱦ⣬һļҹ˾Ļ⡣Ǿǵ˾ĸ˾һʩ꣬⴦´Υǣͣ١
˵ΧΪ׽ΧԱǺĵܵܺڵطһԣżǮԼĹϵΪڿŹǵ£һʱŭŹ˶ԻŵԱΧ
ֳ˶֣һĹԱˣͽҽԺʡίԱûиǵֳִֻУʲôǲų
ķҲûиŻԱΪԱڲŵطĻţԲŵж¡
һʡίĹԱǵһʱί˷Ե³ܹҶƽ
Ҷƽ飬Ȼ˵ֱǵΪǱߵĹûг
Ե³ɵ˵ûг˾ڽģԲһĴڣҲùܡ
Ҷƽһ̰ŵ³ɣ֪ͨίᣬоһ飬ʡίǰȥ뻷ŹִͬȻ飬ǾԲĴڡ
Ե³֪ͨίίˡҶƽ˻飬Ե³ɰ᳣ίǱһ£ǣ˾ˣȻ֪Ǻĵָܵʹ£һ˾ҲȽأҹ˾ʡͷҲ
ǴһҶƽɫ˵ȥ鴦Ⱦŷŵ⣬λŻľٴ룬ٲΣǿûˣô޴صģ˾ȻҾǳأҪϳͲЩΥߵõѵҽùȫ顣
һ꣬ԱҲ˱̬Ҷƽ˿˵飬һҪ߶ӣͬʱҲҪصʵ˾һʲôĹ˾Ҳֻ֪ýǱߵĹһ£ܿͻᱻƽ޷⳥Ǹ£»޲Υ£ǼȻҪ飬ǾҪ飬ˣ׷йظɲΣһ١λҪϵ飬ʡ̡˰Ȳŵפģذװף˭ҲɻأεȻɶǸǣͷ˽ĺϵϣĲŵĹԱһҲҪǲ룬ȫʡѿأܽĵطĽӴԼҵطסҵط칫뽭ίк
ҶƽһţұǸеҪȫƲĵطţ뵽˾е飬ĵȿ˵ǰδеġطӴһҪĴʩķ֪󣬱ضе
һһҶƽǲͨһЩҶƽһ۱ǹôæ֪ʲô˭Ҳ֪ͨԼȥǸκε硣
Ҷƽ֮綫ȥϵʡˡ˿ʡίǳ£ǵȽϸˣʡίΪǳ̳ʡίһȥķ洦顣
ʡҲɳˣ˰֪ʡίҪҲǲҵ˵ʡί
綫ȸٿһ飬ѼҪǽˣȥǱߵһ飬עñܣҪй¶֮ٿչ
綫ĺ࣬Ҹеִһصͷе˷ܺܽš綫ǽ֮󣬱ǴǱ߳
ʱȥִĻԱѾ˻˵ĻԱҲǻصʡƣ˾ͨЭ£ͼ»СС»ˡ


1308 к
İͷ϶һлֵݹı棬ݱһʽݣһݸһݸ˼Զ󡣱ϰʡ찵ԼԸҵΥ⣬д˾ʡĹԱͻ顣
л֮ԻͼԶдݱ棬ȻΪͻ˫ǲǵĶһʡĹԱһǵطĴҵ飬ǲʱ쵼㱨ʲô飬ǿ϶Ҫ
һɨ飬ʱһ֮Ծȵԭǣոճһ£˾ôʡĹԱͻ
ⲻǹǹײܲܵ͵һЩͲѵе˾޴֮֮ҲǺͿˣô
ʡе黷飬Ҳ֪ģû̫ע飬Ϊصķֹͬ־Լְܲ飬û뵽ᷢ飡
ôҪú˼һ£˵ʹ˵СҲСʡ˲أֻϲÿ㲻ãܿγһ¼ʡȻʡǿƲţڻܵȫĹע飬ɻܶ˵򣬵ʱãѱʲô⡣
һ룬ǩԶгƴ£ŷֹͬ־ȥʡЭ£زҪ𲻱Ҫ鷳;סȫĽ⣬Ҫ߶ӣʡѻá
ǩȻίת죬Ȼ󵽴＾ԶİͷǩƽȣκεĸɫʣžǹĵԡڰЭû׷˵⣬üԶȥʡ޷ǾҪЭãҪʲôףֽеȶ
ǩ͵Զİͷ֮󣬼ԶҲһлֵı棬лɲţ쵼򱨸ĻһӦֱӴίʲôҪίЭӦ칫ҳ棬ίϵʾ㱨
лְѱֱӴЩϹأԶ֮ͷ⡣л֮ôǾ鲻һ⣬Ƿ˳ͻ£ͻпһ⣬ί㱨Ļ飬ʱʾ㱨ǾͲýˡ
ίǹȫ湤ģץ۵ģʱһЩ΢пΪ⣬ȻĹΪĲȶǾίҪˡί쵼þȫ֣Элּʱ㱨ǶԵġ
ʾԶп˿л֮ǰѾˣûüڿ˿ʾһ롣
˾黹Ҳû뵽֮ǰýмίŪһأѾһķˣַ£ǰìܽȫ
Զһᣬһ绰֪֪¡һӵĵ绰ϸҲǸ֪ݺݵ˺ˣҲŸô졣
һǺ飬ԶҲˣźӦȥĴ⣬ȫЭϵȥʡ˷ֱӳͻҲǺûӵ˲Żɳ¡
ѾǺһˡ֪ڽз˺üϮ¼Ҳ˵ѾĴڶŹǣ˲ٵ鷳Щ鷳ֻͨǮȨ
ȺСʮ꣬Դ׵ܼܵͶӲ࣬ɺΪԸ񣬼ӶԺ˷ǳõӰ졣
ھȻַ˳ײʡԱʡȻһǿƵλ˼ұϾʡɮҲҪأ
뵽ʾ⣬ԶԺһȥһʡǣһʡ˵һ˵£ǮǮõǸĵǸ
һ˵û⣬Ǯû⣬ڵǸôǫ
Ǯں˵Сһ׮ǸĻǲҪϰǸĻ˿ڡ
Զ֮һ˵°ɣһȥ˵һ˵һᡣ
һ˵ԣӦȻֻһֹܵͬ־ȥǼԶһ룬оĿԼԹȥֱֲţŷֹܵĹȥ
Ժ󣬼Զ׼ڶǰʡǣ취ƽˡȻŰ취Ҫƽʱ綫ĵ˽ģûкκ˴кҶƽҪģʡȸһݾǱȽϵӴ󣬱֮ǰʡǿˡ
綫ֱ֮ס˱ݣȻٿоοչ飬Ȼ˵ͽίкǻҪŵطԱΪʡȻˣǶԵصϤԻҪõط˸ṩ
ֻṩ鲻Ҫǲ룬Ҫҽй˭˽ʱֱϵĸˣǵ쵼档
νټͼԶ֪ܿ飬ڵĺöûܣȻ˵֮ǰǿ˱ܼɣǵԱڶ࣬¶͸©ķ档
ͼԶ󼸺ͬһʱ֪£һ˵綫Ȼ˸еţʡίһδģ˵ѾýĿ಻ˣѲʡίҪ뽭ԣ
Զϵ֪֪飬ûкǲҪȥ綫ϵ
Ҳֻʵǣʡίûίϵûмίϵڻûнӵ档
һ飬ԶǺ޺޵˵ǣҿĲưȻǴкˣ˵˾˵£ʵʲôֻԼˡ
˵飬ƹزŵģһΣ綫кȻüԶе߲ƣȻ˵ǵ˾˵Լ飬ʡί˰أ
Զһ˵ע⣬֮ǰûгⷽȥ룬ڵͼԶ˶üΪУòķȥˡ
Ҵ绰ʳһ룬ԼԶ˵Ǵʡίļίǣ綫Ӧϵɣ


1309 
İ칫ңһؿȻ綫֮ǰѾ绰ǰֻ˵֪
кȽټҲûУкζŶԵطĲΣٷֻҪȻõطеš
ųʾ֪ӣԸȻ֪ôھȥϵһʲôʡίģʡί쵼ϤϵӦûʲô⡣
ȻеΪѣǴʱҲǲþܾˣֻñʾȥһԣȻǹкӲȥǣûȤġ
ûȤҲҪȥһ£ʲôҪ鲻ܺǴһкҲ̫ǲ˼ˣȥӴһ¿
İţֻȥ綫ϵһ£סˣҪϵһ£ô죿
һסˣ綫ЦһЦȻҲΪѣҶϵһ£һô졣
綫Ҷƽ棬Ҷƽӵı棬һ룬Ͼһʡίίڳʴ£ȫ֮Ҳǲʡ
һ룬Ҷƽ綫һͷεһ£֧֣ذ˾˵
Ҷƽָʾ綫ֱȥѴĵҸ֮֮û뽭ϵΪ鷳ķ棬˭֪ˣֻùһǡ
֪ⲻһ֮ȴܽҴЦ˵ʲô鷳ģ鷳ôʡ쵼ͲܵˣĻӭ쵼鷳
綫ЦЦһЩ飬綫ʵ齲ˣҪ˾˵£Ҳûʲô顣
綫ĻҲǷģȻʡί٣ɻúܶ˲룬Ϊʲô飬˼һɵίҪ쵼ϡȻйܸɲʡίҲǿԽаеġ
綫Ҳûʲô˼ɵģǰ˰ףԶ˵綫֪һ֪ȥʡʡҲûˣһ±ǰݡ
ϵ֮󣬼Զ˺һǸеţæԱţ龡ԱƣǰѺ¶
ʱȻûиеκνţȻȻ԰ƽûʲô˵ģǮ
綫˵£ѵʱŹȫץһһʣʡίԱһ룬Ȼǰ˰ţǻ˽˺
綫֪ùѺҲץԺʡ֮ҹȡжסĴｫ˯ĺ˳ץ
ץԼʱＸʵԼĸܣ鲻ܰڲƽԵԱʱȻ˵޹أҪ硣
һѲǺµ綫㱨綫һҪûҶƽǲеģϾȫ˴ˣ֪ҵңҪ붯ҪҶƽС
Ҷƽһ棬ҶƽһоЩ̫򵥣˵û˵֣ƣпΪӱҪһһäĿźĻȶԺ
綫һúеҪһЩúǺ˵˵ŹȥʣȻŵģûйϵ
һ綫еûа취ˣͷƣûԤϵһ£ӦԼǣںܸܵӿˡ
ٴ绰Ҷƽʾô죿ҶƽҲǸе̫ˣûпǸ鳰ȻͰѺҹһʰɣԿһ㣬ϾǹǼίԳ참ֻںָӡ
Ҷƽ綫㰲ŹԱ˾ܲҺʱùץ飬Ѿ֪ˣŰ취νء
ϵ˼Զ󣬼ԶȴǱʾûа취Ա޷ӽҲΪҴ˵ҲúҲûʲôġ
ﲻֵܣԶȻô˵Զֵܽȥˣ϶˵ˡ˵ع˵绰Żûİ취ʱ򹫰˾ǹˡ
һһЩȣǵ˰֮ɵۣæʾǺǺ˵˵ʱ֪飬ôָʹ˴ʡˣ˵ȫ˴Ҳܰ˴˵ģ빫ͬ־Ҫ
ϴ£ʡҲöȡʲôʩΪڻȫ˴Ϊ˴ûоǲܶȡʲôǿƴʩģ̸ֻһ̸Ȼȥ
˱¼ʡ˾ȥˡʡȥ֮󣬺ˤ˱ӣû뵽Լܵ˲ȻˣԣǳȻ
취ѺŪģһɴû뷨úŰɣԼҲˡ
֪ûгָʹ˴ʡĹԱ£綫Ҷƽ㱨ûȥڻ
ӷùظ¾ﱾĿƣ϶ҶôҲûˣԲеΪյû˳ȥϣͽˡ
Ҵ˲ùץ£һ˵صۣ֮ǰüί˴ߣǺܿͷŻˣƺ뵱صϰպԶûȥġ
ں£ȴǻԾΪڵһԣѹգŹˣ˸ҹܣĴǹҧüˣҲû˸ȥֹһץˣ˿ʼ淴ӳ²һ£У󹫰һҪȫ鴦
ںﱻץ֮Ҷƽеһܺõͻƿڣܴ򿪺ͻƿڣ֪صĺܶ顣淴ӳҶƽʡϵʡɳר鳹׵顣
ϺϵҲǽɢˣϣʡԺе飬Ȼʡί˵Խ룬
ʡõָҲӣоһ£רųһרķʵϰշӳ


1310 
ʡԱڵķʵʱһҲƾдһƪذ¶˾һЩĻ漰˺ˡ
ȫʱؽƪҶƽİͷҶƽó˿д˾Щܹ֮׳ʵȡᣬгֶ̲ͨҵǿأƸܺӺ᷸ڽܹĵ飬ĳЩ쵼ΪΪз֮ţ˾гң޶֡
ƪھǵĲƾ־Ȼǳһ򱨵Ҷƽе֣ĵ˲٣϶ĥ£ͼء֮Իѡʱᵽ˶ԺϢ
Ǻ⵽мίߵ飬ȻǺӷ⵽ʡڶԺΪе飬һϵеΪ˾飬˿ܶ
֮£ĵȻͻһλϽͣȻÿԽ㵹塣
Ҷƽһ飬еܴڵһֱŶԺ뽭ķ̹ϵչ飬һֱûڣڳƪһ򱨵˵ṩһǸҲһ⡣
ʡڵ飬ָ֯ᣬҪúòһ飬ֻҪȥͿ԰Ѻֵܵһ
Ҷƽһ룬ûµĶʱʡȥ飬ȵԺ˵򱨵һ֮󣬺кηӦҲҪһġ
򱨵Ժ󣬺֪ܿˡھұֽȻıŭɶڱ֮˾Ĺɼ۴֮ǰýмίߵѾӰ쵽˹˾ĹɼۣǺָֻƽɼҲһ£˾ɼ۶ʱֳִ
ĵһӦǷʦҲƾıȫڣ˾׷䷨εȨһȻ˾ɼ۳һЩȻûʲôתΪ򱨵̫ˡ
Ҳܻڳ£ѾǷǳգֳ£ֱǻаʱ֣롣
ʱ򣬼Զ˵绰ԶҲʮΪе˽еĳЩ쵼ȻûеǶԽеӰҲʮֵĴߺҪʱ취Ӱ죬ȫϡ
ԶҲʮӴ£ȻҲǸевɴˣȡЧ취ƽһ£Ҫƽ飬Ҫұʵ˾˵ףҪһ㣬ҪұͬС
ǿǽǮұԩ޳𣬵ȴ϶ǱǮԼٳǮǣͿ԰ƽ
һ룬̴ʽǰϵұ򱨵Ҳƾ־һдģǽӵ˽ĵصļҵı϶дģ⼸ҵһֱìܣԲַͨʽﵽκĿꡣ
ڵõǵ֮ҲȫĵͶ뵽ֵͱȥȻγһƪ־Ҳƾ־Ա󵨶ȻƾϵһЩĻͳš־֧£ƪͺճˡ
ںǣ˾֮󣬱ȥϵ־糤Ը֧һڵֽöԷѱջأҵǱǸ
ǳִ󷽰ֱӰ糤˵ˣұһҲûһڰ糤ɵؾЩĶ֪һڣ־ǻڣһڣ᲻ΥҲһδ֪׾ʹӦҪ
糤²ԸӦָͷڡ糤һӳ׸ˣڵֽ̫ջˣȻһ֪ʶӣĲƸʱܲĶˡ
Щԥֱ˵ڸ־磬ǧˣȻҲԷڣ־ǧֻҪܰɾС
糤еЩס˵Һͷһ£һʱвУ
ҲǱˣ˵û⣬ʱ䲻ˣʮСʱʱ䣬ǲҪǱǸһҪߣҲһ£һΪʲôдҵıֻܳӰ죬ǧܲ׻ҲܰǮõİȸһڣʣµģ֮ٸȥʺԼṩ
糤ΡΡشӦţеżˣôǮԵκһˣαࣿ
֮󣬺뿪糤ͷȥ쵼飬ʾ˾ˣ˵Ҫǣʴô죿
һ˵͸£Ҳб¾ȥ
Ҷ£糤һ˵˾еǮ˵ǸӮˣάȨĻʱܳһԸǧ򣬰ˡ
ǧ򣿡һǧ򼸸֣˶ʱ糤
ûǧҪǵǱǸոҰѹдԵٸȥóʵ᲻˵
дƪļߣһԭҪȴ˵УǧҲУĻ־ˣҲͬ⣬ǣԲС
ҲӦ糤˼һ˵ǧǼȫô
⻰һڣҵıʱˣȻû뵽糤˵Ļǿ糤һǳߵˣҲһǳеˣȻҲҷıǴʱȴ˵Ļ֪ûˡ
Ҳͬ⣬ǲǷģ˵飬еȴû˵
˲ͬ⣬糤˵ִ󷽣ҼڣϲϵҲǲӦҪ󣬿Ժ鷳ϣĻ־Ҳп治ȥЩǮˣһһǧԺøȥһ롣
糤Ļôÿһ˵飬˿˿糤˵鲻Ǽ˾ȫڸǵĵģʲôˣǲǲ֪֪Ǳ£һŹǵġ
һǧóҲ᲻ҪֻҪǮһжð졣ῴ˿ᶨ˵
һʱ˵ˣ糤ԸóգȴãⲻǸе糤һԸˡ


1311 ϹķӦ
˶ʱû˵һǣ˭ȥ͹˵£Ǽ˵ǹԸⲻԸ͵յﰡ
糤˼Ƭ̣Աһ˵¬ȥ͹˵ô
¬˵ҵİȥ˵ûã黹糤Ժ˵
¬Ӧ糤ϲˣ˵Һ˵ҲԣҸģô˵ȥ˵滹һأҲӦӦǱҪպҪȥǧûеģһߺ͹˵£ͬʱҪˣǱǸԭɽһ£˾һס
˾ʲô𣿡һ䡣
̵һۣû˵ʱʲô˼һ˸һǧԼȥɡ
糤¬ȥ͹ս۳ɲɷˣղҪǮı㣬˵ľҪԴΪأ־пûȥ
¬ֻȥҹաһϼߣһЩУҪȡҲҪǮģôҪȡˣѡĸǣϹͬ־ҲֻǮһƪҪֵʮɣˣȷʵֵˣŲҪǮĶҵҵˣȻҪһЩǮȻ÷ƪ
Ժ󣬶ԷǳˣִʮϹͬ־Լһǳ£ά壬Լֵ룬һٶãǺܺõһ
Ҳûȥ˾ʲôӦ˾ǾǵĹ˾ֻǰʡһ˾ʲôʱ¬ˡ
¬ղ֪ʲô£к¡˲ûڰ칫̸£Լ˾ǵһ俧档
˿գ¬һʱÿڣ¶ɫһֱ˵¬ǲ£¾˵Ūµġ
¬һܵ̾˿ˡ
Ŀһʵʲôˣô֪
¬һ˵֮ǰǱ˰һ˾ˣҪǣҪǸ壬ҹ˾ǮĺܣϲϵҲӲҵıҪ꣡
͵һ˵ǸңǾǣӽ£ƾһʡĹ˾
¬һѹƣ˵Ϲ㲻Ҫһ㣬һ㣬һûк˵أ
շ¬ʲôҽϹС˸Ŵģʲô£
ϹƢһβˣ¬ԸӦ˵£󲻵òҲֻܿˣֻҪ˱С
¬˵ҹ˾ܵǱ緢˰ĺᣬ糤ԶԣҲûޣֳУҪǱǧ糤һʼԸӦС˸糤һ绰糤ֻñȴӦ
һ£㷭һƤ¬˵糤绰˭
¬Ҳ֪糤˵ǵһҲֻôӦһᵽ˶⳥⡣
һֽ糤ôܴӦʲôȥô˵
ƢǺܾ¬æ˵Ϲܲܲһأ¹ϵǱ㣬ֻÿˣ
˵ʲô¬ңǿЦ˵ģһʱּʼЩʶ¬ʲô¡
¬˳˿һֱۣ˵ûҪ㣬Ϊ̫ǿǱҲûа취Ǻ˵¡
һӸеȫ޷Ӧһų˵Ǹǿҵģ
¬װΪѵصҲûа취Ӧ㲹ǶԿһοɡ
ղ˵˵Ҫֱ糤˵£ǾͲ˵ˡ
¬æץסϹҰѻ˵Σ㲻ҪżӦ򲹳
һؿ˿˵ǧǸʣǮǲԼˣôֵģһӦҪ󡣡
оùո飬¬һ죬Ǻܿʧˣæ˵Ϲ˵ʲôأǮǸģٸĲ
¬סһ˳ǧΪʲôûдӦǧǾʹӦˣһ˫ۿ˿¬
һиҲдһƪⷽĺĻԷ˵Ըǧǰѱȥǵʱ糤ûдӦòΪǧƣ֪ġ
ϴǧǧһ¬һ
մʮЦٲûʲôθǮԶֹǧ򣡡
¬һ˵ͷһʱҲɣ糤Ƣǧǧûʲô𣬵糤ȴǴӦˣӦ֮˽ˣɵ糤ԼȻֻȻ˵ЩΰΪ糤Ϊ򣬶Լƣ
¬һʱĬˣĬյһʲôңǧǱ磬ǲܵ£˵׸˱ǮЩǮôģûҪǮ
սķǳ¬æ˵Ϲǧ飬ûйƭ㣡
һ˵㣬˭ͺ̸ģ
¬˵糤̸ģûв롣
մ糤ϴûдӦһҲܴӦ糤˷ǳߣôΪǧģӣôΪǧԼ
¬һͻȻùսе糤զͻȻ仯ôأһԹյϹ˵糤ΪʲôӦ
տһۣ˵Ķ֪ΪʲôӦܿɣҲңΪʲô糤ѵһ˽ĶûУ
¬һЦ㿴Ϲʲô˽ģ˵˽ĵĻҲϣԽԽãűˡ
¬ҲǲԸʵҲˣ˵ҲҪģ뿪ңǾͿɣȻҪˣٴҲûʲôˡ
¬һ̸еģϻ˵ϹҲΪ˴֣ίˣǻĻͷġ
ȴһ˵ǲҪģҲΥԼԭ򣬻ԼԻ٣ԼҪڣ¬֮ǰĽ鵽һʹ
˵֮ͷҲص뿪˿ֻʣ¬һĬĬؾűӣһҲˡ


1312 յ
Ҷƽڹע˾仯ʱͻȻֱ˾ĻŵĲƾ־ͻȻ֮Ʒ֮ǰıڱֽϵǱǸͬʱдƪļ߸ˣһձǮﱨ¸˳ȫǴת
֪Ҷƽ𾪣յݲ鹹һʵɷֵģȻܰٷ֮׼ȷҪаٷ֮ʮ׼ȷģȴͻȻ鷭ת淢ʲôеơ
ۼලĴȫ˽һȫڱȽŬеȽ⣬Ҷƽ˽
ȫȥͬʱҶƽ綫ȥ˽һʡ飬һûнչΪᱻˣô˵˼Ҳƾıûʲôʧʵ֮ôǵǱǸȫûбҪ̫Щˡ
ȫҶƽԺ˰죬뽭ϵΪڵбһЩȵı뾩ǵҲƾϵ
뽭ϵ֮󣬽Ӧһ飬ûһ͸ȫػˣ˵黹Ǻܸӣ֮ǰ֪ڲ֪ƪǰһʦдģʦñˡ
ȫʵǸдƪĹ𣿡
֮ǰǾʵϰʱأҲƾһұֽҵλʦˮƽģҲУһһֱ
ȫ㽲ȥϵһ£һܲ͸©һЩ漰ʡ⣬쵼˽һ£һ£Ȼң㿴Բԣ
ȫ뽭֮ҲǱȽϤˣԽ֮ǴӦ˽껰Ժ󣬱ǹ˵绰
ýҪȥǳһ˲ȥ˾֮ȡϵʱڵź뱨Ĺϵ⡣һźĻ¬ûи
վԼпԣû뵽粻һƣ˱˵ǮűġȻȷʵǮ㲻ܽõӦõı꣬ǺĵԸģڱ㱨Ȼǻ޷ھǵıˡ
еǳջߡˣİȻԼһ
֪Ҫղ֪ʲô£Ǻһ档һգЦŵʦ㿴ȥˣ
ղЦһ˵ǲҲ֪ʦˣʦĿеǲһǧɣ˼ҵĺǮȻ˼ȴ˸¶һñֽˣ˵ʦǱǱ
һ˵ʦһ飬ʦıһֱǾסʷĿģڳһڴ
СллңȷʵǱ·Ժ󣬾ûеλҪˣʧҵˡտЦһ˵
ϵǲܴǾȥɣб˵Ỷӭĵ
ȴ˵ллСҲ뿪ǣҪ飬ĺĻҿ
俴һۣͷ˵ʦһˣι㣬ʵС
һʵС˹ĵҵ飿
ЦЦ˵ǵģʡί˽һҹһ£ʦܲܰһ£
˽һۣЩţһ֪һЩҲģһɿˣͰһЩȸΪá
ʡίΪʲô֪£һ顣
˵Ϊ㱨Ǹ˾ǰʡ
һʵǲҲҵİɣ
һ˵ҵֱ;жϣǴŲ˼ΪǷǳעۼලģ֮ǰұһǵļίǶֱӰҽйȥ˽˵ǻ𣿡
һʵȻ£Ǽίǽʲô֣
Ҷƽʡίίίǣʡ߸أʦ˵ǲҲЩҹȥ
ɨһۣ˵ȷʵ˲ţô쵼רԼСߣû˵һǳиԵĹԱ֮ǰûע
ʦʲôԩĵطϵһ£һܲܰæһ˵ôܽҿĺĻ
ճһ룬ȻЩ£ȷʵҪȨ֧֡ھҲһĹϵЩϵ࣬ˣ֧֣˵ҲһǳҪ֧֡
һ룬յǺðɣϵ£һ᲻İң֪˼ô쵼ҲǷǣҲôġ
ͷһȥ͸ϵʦҪǿҪΪ¶ʧȥ־ˣ
ЦһЦû£ʦģһҪĺĻڳ
˵껰֮ɢȥˡֱӷʡУȫϵҰ档
ȫ󣬱һʲôѼյˣһкĻڵ飬ϾԵı磬ҲûйȨصֶΣ϶أ֪ܵί֧־Ǻˡ
ȫһ˵˼ǣ
˵ﴦҶܰæͺˣҸǣߣҶǼ棬ȻףǺܺ𣿡
ȫһ˵ûҪҶǻ㱨һ£һɡ
ͷȥҶǽһԣܴӦգٺ͹ϵ㿴вУ
˰죬ȻصʡȫȥʡίȥҶƽҶƽ㱨һ¡
Ҷƽעź飬ȫһ˵Ҷƽһһ顣
֮ǰе˺£һЩʱܴõһЩһĹչаġҪǣҲƾͻȻΪϴأҲǷǳ֣֪飬кĻĻ˵¶һЩ顣
һ룬Ҷƽ˵Сȥͽ佲һ£ùһˣܼһ˽һ
ҶƽӦ£ȫ˵ھȥϵһ顣
ҶƽһҪܣҪκˣ𣿡
ȫȻ˵£ϴӦҶǣİɣҲκ˵ġ


1313 б
ҶƽܽӼ˹գմӾУ֮סһҾƵ꣬ȻʡǱ߹֮ϵȫȫռ֮󣬲ŸҶƽ
ȫͬʱ߹գҶƽļܵģǹģϣʹ±ܣȻԴҶáȫҪ󣬹ͷʾͬ⣬ҶƽͬǾһĪˣʲôӦ飿
մӦҶƽҪȫ㰴ҶƽҪ󣬽մһǳص˽˲档
ʱҶƽѾˣ˵ʵڵģʱҶƽеԼеɹĸоˣأ·µͷƵá
ﻹеЩ֪ҶƽһʲôˣҲ֪Ҷƽ᲻·ϣʱһЩԻһеĽ֮顣
˽СݣһСķ䣬ȫͽ³󣬱Ź˷ǰȫȽȥһҶƽùսȥ˵
ȫͽȣһ˽ȥһȥ󣬱㿴ҶƽһģùղɵؽһҶǺá
ڴ֮ǰѾϲҶƽһЩϣ֪ҶƽһЩҶƽļǳḻһ쵼ɲûзḻ뵽ҶƽҶʱҶƽҶ֮Ĺϵ
ҶƽҶ֮ʲôϵôҶƽȻСҶƽĻô϶ܰ࣬Ū屨顣
ˣһҶƽǷǳĹ˵ƽʱǺܹ°ģ˵ͷȻʱҶƽʱ򣬲Ҷƽ
˿Ҷƽʾ£һ±֮Ҷƽ˵ߣܴһļߡ
Ҷƽ˻һ¶Цݣе˵Ҷǣˣ˵һλƽ׽˵쵼
ҶƽǺһЦ쵼Ҫƽ׽˵߸ϵģô쵼˰ߣƣûʲô쵼ģ˵ǲǣ
Ҷƽһ˵ҲҶ˵ǣҶܰҵѿϹǷǳж˵ڵһЩҶ㱨һ£ǲǿԣ
ҶƽЦϹ˵ƣ˵ʲô㱨أľͿ
ЦҶ˵ûҰġ
ձҶƽ㱨һ顣Ȱڽей˾һᵽԶĶӼ˧˾׵飬鱾Ҷƽ˵ģǿҶƽøѾزûбҪҶƽ԰ȫ鶼Ҷƽ
ᵽǽĺ磬ϰҲ֪ģЩйӦ֪ںȨƣûа취ѡ
ҶƽڼԶ֮Ĺ̫ڹͨĲϣ֪ԶӼ˧֮໥׵˼Զ֮佻Ĵ磬նԺĺȻҲںֵıϣȻĶֲ߼ͼأǿԸεļߡ
ЩվͰѱ齲һ£Ҷƽǧ֮ҲǸеǳԾǿѪһ־ǧֲû־鷭ת
ǹսžͻ֣һЩǮδؾͻ뱨ʻܿø˸˽ˣھ˽࣬ⷽҪҶƽİ
ľҶƽҲЩߣ鱬ϳһ£û뵽ȴýǮˣǮһУỹ
Ҷƽһ룬߹չһ飬ȥԺ취ʲôϢͬʱʲôΥ˷ɣ֮ġ
Ҷƽı̬ձǷǳмҶƽˣҲټ飬ͬŬ
Ҷƽ˵ͷȻ͹֣Ǽ棬ҲûгԷֻǺһ衣ʱҶƽߣһЩ£ͲԷˣȫнһ극߰ɣȻȥˡ
æҶƽָ𣬳ҶƽԼĳȻȥˡ
Ҷƽ뿪նȫͽ˵ҶΪһλǡ
ȫЦ˵ߣҶǷǳƽ׽ˣ㿴ҲһɲҲ׵ĺܣҶǷǳԭѾ˶ˣ˽ﶼǺڰ϶˽ء
ҲЦҶԼҼʱҶǽŵҪǵ˺ҸоҵĸһһҲûмӡ
յ˵ͷ˵ҶǴӦˣܿͻнֻǲ֪Ҷǻʲô취࣬ķǳл
ȫҲǲ֪Ҷƽô飬ΪǲڰʡĹϽ֮£ҶƽȻǰʡίǣǾǵļίǣܰأ
һȫͽҲûнʲôһһٷպͽ˱Ǹˡ
ҶƽȥԺһ뼾Զӵ飬ԶĶӾ˵Ѿ˹Ҫ飬뷨üԶĶӻüԶĶӻ÷ɷУȻߵһֱţԶĶӿ϶ǲˡ
һ룬㿼ǺİҪҪ졣ˣ᲻Ӱ쵽֣Ŵߴһģڿʱһ
뵽綫ϵһ£һ綫ӵĵ绰֮ȴܹ㱨˵ڸ棬ʡ첻ȥˡ
Ҷƽһʵ˭綫ĵظʡָģʡ˵绰˵ʡոճ̨ҪӪҵңöһΪʲôʵʡίʡľѰӸˡ
ȻǺᣬȴ˾һܣҲԹ֮Ӫҵ֮Уܶõ˵ˡ
԰ѺշץҪڵѺ鴦ˣǶ˾Ӱ̫ˣ˺ܳǧƽձ£Ҫùϵƽˡ
벻ֳҶƽתһ綫˵ǾͰɣʱŹǷܳˣҪ
綫һ֪Ҷƽʲôǣ˵ǺãҺ˵һ¡


1314 ϵ
ҶƽȰհˣ˸ţþûϵˣΪһѣžβģϵҲͨǳܺܵȻˡ
飬Լ϶û˳ģҲûðʡ£ֻиŲⱳĶһʲô
һ룬ҶƽȡϵЦŸʱڱأ̫ƽһ£һ˽һͷء
˵飬Ҷƽﶯһ£Ҳܹı£ڲͣĶˣֱѾĵزˣӦǾ䣬ϵʹQԽԽǵαQͳһľľᶯҡʮڻĹͬġ
Ҷƽһ飬һûк£ع˵Ҷƽ˵飬Ҳֻðѵ绰ˡ
ȵ绰ԺҶƽȲżڿʼʽֵ鼾Զ飬֮䵽ôģԶĶӼ˧ת˶ٲƲ˹⡣
Ҷƽܰųڽнае飬֣СӾȻת˽ʮڵĲƲ
ģСŪ̫ˣЩǮӦǼ˧໥ȡõģ˧СӺܾܿͻزˣ
ƽһ½ĵ飬ü˧лٻڿ˧ĿԲˣҼԶŴʱҲѾ
Ͼˣ
Ҷƽ㱨ԺɫʮֵˣһֱȻɼԶ֮ʲôᣬһֱûнΪԴȻǲվԶˣͬʱҲýĵĸɲеڹǣûϵôأ
鲻ãǼԶĶӲز˹ҿҲ޷׷ԶΣΪ˧һǳؼûָأԶϵĻûѼԶͽȥ
Ҷƽ˰죬е鲻÷ǳֶû鴦ˣҪһҪü˧Ǵʽӹڿǲܵģʹ˧ˣʮڵʽҲǻزˡ
ڵ˧ûκλļ󣬲ҼԶܿܲ
ڿǳˣ
ҶƽæȥԼΰǣ㱨һ£ΰҪüԶܵķͬʱһЩشͲҪԶˣ
ΰǣҶƽһ˵ΰǸǷǳľȣû뵽ԶĶӻͨŪôǮԶ˵֪飬ǿ϶ǲܵģڵȰѼԶץȻӻأ취ŪعڣȻٰѼԶץأ
ΰǰ뷨Ҷƽһ£Ҷƽ̱ʾǣȰѼԶץӾԲˣӱΪ˼ԶӹģҼԶҲͬ⣬ԲˣҪȵ˧СӴӹ
ΰ˵˧ȻˣڻôԶأƽкõİ취
Ҷƽ˼һ˵һûãչ黹а취ģֻҪץס˧㣬϶Ҫһʱ䣬Ƿģһˡ
ҶƽĻΰǵ˵ͷ˵ƽĹˣܵĹԶûоͷһֱץⷽĹЧǳĴʲô󾡹ܵ⼾ԶİԴҪպá
ΰǱһҶƽû̫⣬ﲻҪģΰǽԶİǿȴҪע⣬ΪԶ˵ǽĹԱĴ֮һзԣ㲻ãĹԱע⣬пӰ쵽ȫʡĹˣʵǣѰӰʵˣ˲κεĻ˵
ʱΰǽһ֣Ҷƽ˵ͷ뿪ΰǵİ칫ҡ
ҶƽȥԺٴŽϵûСŸպûؾְȥˣʲô¡
Ҷƽ͸ԼҲҪȥǣ˵ɡűܸ˵ظû⣬þûˣˡ
ҶƽЦſνһŮǿˣһֱûн飬ҲʮˣѾɳΪһλ߼鱨ԱڹҲѾ
Ҷƽרȥһ˾ǣûдκǰȥΤ߲ûдţ̫ܣû֪֮Ĺϵһɱﵣζ밵ǲܵ£ҲһЩعı֮⣬ҲҪ֡
ɱǲñ֪ġ֮ҶƽҲûлؼҿһֱԼһһصĵص档
һ棬Ǹ˵ӵҶƽöζ鷳£ŴûоܾʹѶȷǳҲûоܾҰ÷ǳĺá
żЦŵڶʡ쵼ˣȻӣ͸˼ӵ
ҶƽһЦ˲˵Ҫһų֮ģҲǺģֻţǵ̬ԽԽᣬҲܲ뵱ǰĹһģʲô˼
ҲǺǺǵЦ˵ĻеĲϰǶǱð
˵˵ЦЦһҶƽ˵˴Ҹ飬һǵ˵飬һ뷨Ѽ˧Ǳ߸Ūʲô취УʽһŪ
Ҷƽһˣһ룬õһð죬ǵڶȴЩѶȣϾûһѼ˧Ҫü˧Ҫȡһ֣ȴǲ
ƽһ飬֮ڰ㶨ֻҪһǧν뱨ʻˣڶ£ҿҪһʱ䣬ҪµʱҲܰ㶨鲻ܼ㿴أһҶƽ˵
Ҷƽһ㿴Ű죬ҲҪ֮ڰѼ˧ŪعڣֻҪûУ鷳ˣ
źǺǵЦʲô鷳ģ¾ҵ㣬ûȤٻ
ȥҶƽʵ
صǲﰡ˵ˣпܸɲˣЦЦ˵
ҶƽһǺǵЦǲܵ£Ѿܾˣٻȥǲܵˣһڵطɣ
Ҷƽ˵ЦЦû˵Ҷƽ֪˵ЦŵĲﵱûпܣΪѾǸɲȥŵĲβǺпܵġ
ŵĲﵣβԺ;·ӾխˣΪŵǸǳأֻҪɺãûˣתεطˣԴӽ;չƣȥǸβ


1315 ˽
ڱ糤һ峿ҴҴӼ뿪ȻԼųһǰ׼뿪ڡǵ׼ǻʱȴǱ֪޷ǻ뿪Աң뿪
糤̴󳳴£ʲôԭ뿪ΪҪΪʲô뿪
Ĵ󳳴ûκε壬ԱĽ¡һСʱԱȻʾ֤ߡ
Աĵ糤ޱȾţֻø뿪˻
ţŵĵ绰Ҷƽƽ˵ĵһѾˣ˵ַ·𲻴ԣʻҲЩԣұûյǧ򣬵Ǳļ쵼ȴܼյǧֽ糤һ˶һǧ糤ܹҵ˸ץ׼ƽί
Ҷƽһ󾪵ǧô֣
ŵûôǮҲǸе̫ȣұһҵλܻ˰ɣ
ҶƽȷʵܻߣһлˣǰʡϽˣҪ龩ǼίϽˡ
ŵҾͲˣҺǵļʱЩǮȫǸˣûתƳ
ҶƽǻãȻʧˣЩǷΪǮʲôҪˣλɣǿЩȻûнǮҪ˵ЦЦ
Цһ֮ԲᱳѣΪѵĳ뻹ߣѵĳ빻ߵĻͻĶˣ˰̰ģôܿǵô
ҶƽЦ˵Ҳеʲô»ҪΪá
û˵ҶƽҲûȥйؼ˧飬Ÿзִ磬ɵĻġ
绰ԺҶƽһȴûд绰߹գΪЩԤϣ͹ԭΪֻǧĻ¸ȴǱǧ򣬶˿ûи磬װ˸˵档
˵ˣտ϶ǳģ˵ϾĻ񲻻˶εµĻɣ
Ҷƽһ룬ʱûи߹£ȻûнӵҶƽ֪ͨǴӱڲ֣ļ쵼üί˸ˣҷǳͻȻ绹кܶ˲֪
֪һȻ뵽쵼ܳµ飬ôͳˣӦҶƽйذɣȻôôأ
뵽æһ绰һǲΪҶƽûи¡ӵ绰ȥϵȫȫҶƽˡ
ȫԼҶƽһ͸תգ˵ˣǼίǱߵ˲ˣ쵼ȷʵ˺ǮܵӦеĳͷˡ
ȫת˹ա֪֮ʱеһʹ죬ҶƽͨôͰѱ쵼ˣǱ쵼˶Ǯȴǲ֪ҶƽҲ֪ɡ
Ҷƽհ飬֪쵼ҲепڵһЩż߾Ϊ˽Ǯʲô¶ܸɵóۻȨȨûʲôӲԼʵȨܴ󣬴úܶ쵼еѹعһ£ǲǮĻǲܵģǮһľгţֻһЩ˳Ǯ˲ܵõţȻǹעˣΪô࣬Ҳ˲ֻѡǮעˡ
˴ξұ쵼Ϊӳ˵ǰһЩΪǮعһЩ飬ͬΪǮԽо鷴תΪǮūˡ
νǮ۵ģȻǮɢǮΪŵĶģȻΪǮڸһЩ飬ûʲô͹ƽĵˡ
Ҷƽһ룬üͼĹкܶҪֻҲЩ⣬Ժͼ칤ҪҵԵе飬ֻǽһ쵼е顣
ҶƽͻȻʶԼĹһµ˼·ԺҪⷽǰĿڼٱϣҪҰȫԵĹ
Ҷƽʱ򣬺׳ˣΪǼί˹ˣΪлǧԭڱ쵼þǼί˸ˡ
ֱһ飬ʱ˾İ칫칫Ǽί֮ϵ˵Ҫ漰һӵ⣬Ҫļίϡ
һʱ֪ô£˼ҾǼίҪ飬ܲӦ˼ңԵĻǺҪˡ
˰ţǼίڽļί£ԼһȽʻ֮ǳĽ飬Ϊ˾ڲҪ˸ߵĻ»鷳ģ˾δػþǼί˰ߡ
ˣ绰һұݣ˵ЩҪڳ绰ȻһЩɣ֮ǰҲǴˣΪܻϴε飬ûʲôǼұݣ֮󣬲ŷǾǼίˣ쵼лߵ顣
û뵽ᱩ¶Ϊ֪쵼ھǺйϵģȻıǾһˣǵǮ֧Ǳ緢չģֻҪźãӦµģû뵽ȻˣҲֻ˵Щ쵼̫޴̫̰
ʾЩǮǹ˾쵼ģǻģ緢չģԸ֧ҵķչһƾ٣һлߵΪǸʻǱ糤ṩģ뵽ǻ˽̣ûʲôϵǷﲻܹϡ
һͣǼί˱ǸеѣΪһлΪģڿʲһ׼ȷ
һʱֲģͱʾҪȥǽܵ飬һ룬ռģΪԼлߣȥȥǵģֻֻӰ쵽ԼĹ˾
Ҫ󣬴ȥǿԣǲܶⷢϢΪ漰˾飬ͬʱҪҪʡΪǰʡصҵˣܾˡ
ںҲһǼίһ룬Ҳ̫ͳһ£Ը밲ʡһ¹ͨȻȡ֤Ӱ쵽˾ת
һ룬ҲǴӦʾʲôҪϵģȫϡǼίԳַ֧ǳʾлһִźһˣһ飬ȻһȥʡǱ߽һ¹ͨ


1316 
Ǽί֮󣬳Ҷƽȥһ绰Ҷƽһ˵飬ûнʲôϵϣʲôٱ
ҶƽڵĹע㲻ٷںˣǶס˼ԶǼ˧ڹ⣬ͶԼԶˡԶһֱĹעҰ֮ڣһֱҰ֮⣬鴦Զĸɲûкʵʱȷ֤ݣ϶޷鴦ȥģڹؼ֤ȻûУֻаѼ˧ץѼԶ֮Է
ֻҪԶץˣĹԱᷢش仯ԶһؼӣΪһԲ֣һһãвˣ㲻һӣ鴦ᶯҡĹԱĸֻһעѡ
ȻҶƽ߽ŹʵΰҲûţҲںܾǼί󲻵һܣ빤ιͳƾ־ֳ÷뿪˰ʡ
ͻȻ֮룬˹˵ĿֻţĵĸɲҪһˣˣڷȻҲˣȻҲǸΪԱˣǱϾ뿪˰ʡ
ȥȽϸˣ˻ʱ̸Цûκεǳ֮ӣȻҲʲôˣҲֻܸˡ
ʵ뿪ʡˣΪǴҲǸеáԴ֮һֱڿ⣬ﲻΰǺ͸߼Ҳɵãβʡȥһµȥ
ĵĹԱĹٳҲûбҪϣǿҪŻҲеѹˣڰʡͬʱλº׳ģ˵ʲôʱʡίһְҲҪȥ
л뿪ʡȥְ˵Ҳһ£ȻųΪһԱȥоֿԲԼԴ֧ǸλȥһְλҲǲˡ
Ե̸ʱǳĴӦˡ֮ԻᱻߣȻΰĽͬĽ飬ھһо֮󣬾ͳƾֵξֳ
֮뿪˰ʡ˾ǡ˾֮󣬱ȥݻա
մʱȫ˴ְҲ˾ǣҲ޸пʡһһѽĵĹԱʡ֮ǰ֮Ի뿪һΪΰǲԸڰʡ缰뿪óʲôͻһҲǸóλãϣܽλӣһĴŲڿʧܵˣ뷨ʵ֣ҲˣŲڣβ󲻵Ǽġ
պ󣬷ͱʾԲڰʡûá̬վƽض˵ǶԵģ뿪ҪȲ뿪ã֧뿪
ȻоյĻԲԣǷҲȥֻ˳Ļ˵Ը˰ɣǣʲôġ
չһЦڻᣬȻڵͳƾֳֳһлᣬǧҪ١
ȴ˵ҲԼĲ㣬ǸеԼҲֹڴˣٿˣڵĹþˡ
տѾûյĶ־Ҳ̾̾ˣ֪˭λӣ
ڲ˵Ҳһʲôܽҵְλͺˡ
λĿԲҸоǸҶƽʡίǵĿԺܴһܺõĻᣬܲĵġ
һ˵ҶƽʡίǵĻôʡί֯λϣ˵ΰǻ𣿡
˵ҲһΰǰȥǹȻʡί֯λӣγһӰ֯ԹԱźܴĻȨģѵΰܷģ
֮˵ΰǲö֯λþûţöҲ뿪ʡģһ뿪ʡίίҵĹעģԶλӦ䣬ǶҲܵʡίǣĻΰǻˣҶƽʡίǵĿԺֻܴǲ֪ļίһְ˭֡
շ͸һ룬úе˭ʡίǣǹܼܲʡί֯ͲҪĵˣ뽭ĹԱĹϵҪϿˣջźܸߵܶԽĹԱӰ죬ûӰġ
뿪ʡȥͳƾֵξֳҶƽ֪ԺҲһ¡뿪һΰĽ뿪ԼĹԱĴǻһõģʣµԼˣͨʡίίʡίǣӦƽеĵλ˭Ҳͷ֮ڲͻɢˡ
ĽĹԱɫڿһ뿪˵ͻ˳ĹԱȦˣȫΰǵĺ档
ĻйˣĹԱĻԻʱһȥˡҶƽһ룬ԼԼԶĵ黹Ƿǳʱֱӵ鼾ԶҲʲô̫ˣֻҪżԶĶӻ
ڷ뿪µʡίǵλӣҶƽȻҲҪעģʡίǣȻûжʵȨΪЭʡίõģʵʵȨûгʡȨ󣬵ʡίǵĵڵλܸߣʡίǺʡеƴĵλȻȨ󣬵ֻҪлᣬͿΪʡ
ԣʡίְλǻ˵ģڷ뿪ƹλãΰְλýĹԱγˣԹʡίǵĿԲ
ȻǹλĻʡʸʡίλӵģҲֻˣ͹һΰǲλӵġˣҶƽǰ죬ʡίλӺп֡
ʡֵĻֻдһʡίǣҪΰ뷨ˡ
ҪҪʡίְλҶƽﻹЩìܣΪʡίǣίһְǺпܲܵˣλϻкܶû꣬ΰǲ뿪ְλìܾͲˡ
ҪìܣֻʡίǵͬʱʡίǣĻʡίǿ˵ʵʡίˣΪʡίǾһʵȨְ
Ҷƽһ룬ûȥΰʲôҪҲûбҪᣬΰ벻ԼҲҪԼͬʱʲôǣҲһҪǵ⣬ϾվĻ롣


1317 ʡί
ΰʵʱҲǱȽΪѣڵʡί֯ȻܾŸҪ쵼ڵм쵼ĿϣŽϴķȨҪԼϵĻǱȽѰ졣
ˣͷȻϣ뿪ʡί֯ıҪù뿪ʡί֯ıǾҪһʵλӣȻ֯λӳϾʡίǣǳʡûкʵλӿ԰ˣ°ţǱǶԹһֱأ϶ǲġ
δͳϲ£ǷصĴ󣬹ûʲô¶϶ܱ˼ң˼ǻǱ˼ҵְɡ
ӾֻˣһҧԼΪлߣһ֧˼ұΪȻίܸоףȴûа취Ϊʱһ͵ķﻹûй涨̷ϣĹ涨Ϊúûа취ΪڶԱһлߣҲǶԵλлߣлڴ˴鷢֮ȫ˴ע⣬涨ΪڴʱȴǺϷġ
һ֪ߣʡί˱仯ʱһæȥҼԶⷽ
Զʱûʲô̫ķӦ벻ڣûжٹϵˣ˶ԽĹԱĹվͲ࣬˵Ĺվ͸ˣ벻Ƕһġ
Ǻȴô벻ڣǶһţһĹԱڵķţʹŲʲôãȴúܶ˲ҲĿӣͬʱòһӣҲȡһЩʧܾͻᷢ仯
ȻûڹٳϷչٳ˴򽻵ڹٳ֮⣬ܿһЩ飬ԴʱеţԴ˽ĹԱҪֱˡ
ԶĬȻ֪ʲô˼ƺԽԽã˾Ҳ鷳ϣܸоڹǹȥƵã˴¼ȥ밲ʡ޹أǾǼίİӣܸоѲʡĹϵ
ԶڻԽԽˣҲе粽ˣ뵱꣬˾緢Ƕôˬ찡ʱڣ㻹ǳгзչݱûЩ飬˵ӶðھǼίʮĵ飬һθе޳֮ǰļίʱ򲻹죬ھǼίȴǴʮ죬оȫһ
źпǧԶתͷĬȻ˵˵̳սʵٳսҪŸǶıǰоʵΣûоʵˣʧȥָӣȻףڴǸɨǰѩԺҲҪָˣǻͬҵң۷Ĵ󣬳󻹿Զɽ𣬶£һӾˣǻٽӴΪðɣҶƽѾˡ
̴󾪵ҶƽҪ֣
ԶһĮصΪһ֪£Ѿ쵽ǵжѾʼΧҵ鼾˧֮飬Ҷ뼾˧ϵͨˣһæȥһˣü˧СģҪڹڵ飬úôһɡ
һ˵һĩٵĸоæ˵ûôذɣѵôˣ
Զڻ˵׼ֻǵ飬ǲҲҵİѱˣҵҲ̫ģҷˣµλ˭ӣҵҲҪһء
Զôһ˵һЩԶĵģûȫɥʧ־ȻˣȲҪ̫ɥ
ܽξͺˡ૵˵һ䡣
ճλӲһڣϢҶƽΰʡίǣΪʡĵ֣ΰٿʡίί
Ҷƽڻ᳡ΰ⡣Ȼʱûڵֵλϣһٿʡίίʱΰǵˡ
ΰǴͷƣŸ߼ҲҲǹƣȻȫ˶ƣҶƽʾһףء
ҲǲͣعţԽǸеѹԽҪֳҶƽλףأȻԵøѿ
Ҷƽʡʱ䲻ڱʡίǵְλҲ˵أһҲҶƽʡʱ̣ӸʡɲְʱϣҶƽʡίǣʵûʲô̫ĵطڽʡѾʡίίˣȥˣʡίǣҲְɣ
Ǵʱô룬ֻڰʡ˶೤ʱ䣬Ҷƽʡһ࣬ʡίǣȻ˵Ķʼɡ
ƽͬ־ɣΰЦЦҶƽһ˵
Ҷƽһôʱ϶ܳƪֻۣ˵ֻܼᷳ򵥽һ£Ǹ˼С
лʡίұ˵κ͹ػһ࣬ǵ쵼£оһŽİӣһսİӣһܳɼİӣǹǳֿ϶ģ˷ǲŻȥͬʱҲлµĹλӵΣΪӳԱеһӣеǳˣǳңԺҶָͬ
Ҷƽǫ͵ؽô䣬ΰִͷƣ΢ģҶƽĻȻùﲻڣʱǲò־˫ֹơ
ƽǾ̫ǫˣǽҪƽѧϰָЦһ²һ죬ԵúͻأǺʺϴʱգȥڿЦ
ҶƽһתͷһۣȴǻлЦ˵ʡҪô˵Ժôǵ֯ԭⲻǫ飬ǷϣҶָǺ͸ʡǰСѧҪǶλ쵼ѧϰ
Ҷƽؾһ£ڨڨһЦƽ˵ĶԣҪǺ͸ʡ˶ѧϰ
˶ǻط棬Ȼ֪£ûв廰Ҳ廰ĻǾ໥ϣΪһˣȻҶƽʡίǣǲˣǴʱܶ˵ʲô
ΰһȻҲʶڣ˵꣬˵ˣˣǵ˰ӣȻˣǿˣƽͬ־ΪǿµĹλ󣬶ǰʡĹһĴٽϣŽһģͬǰʡĹãŽΧΪʵȫ潨Сܶ
ΰǰ⻰һ˵ұûл˵ˣҶƽʡίǣӦƼĹͬ˲ҲûκãǸ治ֻܷһˡ


1318 ӵع
ҶƽͻȻΪ˰ʡίǣȫʡĵ֣˴ҵĿ⡣Ҷƽʡ֮ҪһЩܵĹñȽܣعʲߣҲʡί쵼ȽϤһЩˣе쵼̫Ϥ
ȫʡʮУҶƽȥҲ߸öûȥʱͻȻһԾΪʡίǣȷʵúܶ˸еͻȻ
밲ʡ֮ڴҵпܽʡίǵˣΪǽĹԱͻˣһʡίǣô˵ĹԱڰʡȻǿǵһҶƽʡί֮󣬴ҵ뷨Щζˡ
ʡƷǳ΢
еͷͷǱ룬ʡƾǺ΢һ΢ˣΪʲôأΪǷ֣ʡһȫǴģذʡĸɲûˣȻȴŲǰˣ˵ʡĸɲܵѹ˰Ȼȷе˵ǽĵĹԱܵѹˣ
ڹٳϻ죬ҪͷɻҪ̧ͷ·µıźܶãҶڹٳôͬ־ʲôڰʡ֯·ߺ͹·Ҫ仯Ҳ˵ԭڰʡʱЩҪˣ
ȥľùдһԻͣӴ֮󣬽ȫʡһĵλпܷҡ
˵ҶƽʡίԺ̴绰ʾףأϣҶƽٴε潭Ӳ칤Ҷƽ֮ʱЦˣԴʡѾȥ潭ˣȥһΪ뽪֮ǲĹϵˣʱȥˡ
ԽףأҶƽ鱣ֵغƽΰʡίǣһܴ˵£Ȼڱ˿һεһκҪΣԼǶһݳζѡ
ԽԽԽϲԽܸܵεĶ෴²㣬ܵһ򳤾Ǹе˲ˣǵõյǵʱ򣬾Ǹеǳˣڸ˶ˣֳ;Ϊһ쵼ĸоֱ̫ˬˡ
ڣԴΪ쵼֮ÿһεǨڸ֮࣬һֳΣΪһ뵽ԼһһпܶԺܶӰ죬ͷǸеѹ
ڵһ쵼ʱ򣬹żϰգ֯ϰôȺڽԼϣԼʲôʧǽӰ쵽Ⱥڵ棬ôܸ˵
ʱܸǾ˵ûϰշϣΪԼȨһУҪϰյ棬ĸɲҪ£֯٣ɲȥΪģ㵣µϰոе⡣
ԣҶƽֽ뵽ĸκѹ˷ܺ͸ˣ˷ܺ͸˿ģԼ뵽ĸǴλϣö⣿
ҶƽڵüƽҲǺܶ߼ɲһ㻹ڵͼмɲʱ򣬿ܻᾭƢŸ˺ö񣬵ǵɳΪ߼ɲʱ㽫÷ǳƽͣƽͼȻһҲһӦķжôķףյ⻹Ҫȥ侲ؽֻᷢƢûõġ
ҶƽԭҲǺ÷ƢڻЩģΪһЩ飬ԱƢҲǸ˺ö࣬ƽ͵ľ£鴦ĸá
ԽףأҶƽһ죬ǽףˣȻԼ£ǱףأȷҪһ£Ȼ˻˵顣
Ȼʡίǣȴûжʡίǣ֪ǹŵģʱûкʵѡҶƽڻҪʡίǡ
ҲҶƽģΪǵʡίǣȨǱȽ飬νλȨأһͨί൱ͳĽɫһġ
ʡίǣȨƾ൱Ĵ󣬿˵ʵĵˡ
ʱڽ˼ŵǰҶƽʡίˣ˶ûǲְܳģ˵Դˡ
һ棬ʮָӣĹϵΪеģˣΪеϵļįĹϵʵͨȻǶ˴˽ĹԱıǩ
ƽĹԱһ⵽ƣպͷȻȥ빤ˣʵǵȨ벢ҪţҪǵȻ˵ҪţǵӰͻѸټǸûٶԽĹԱòӰ졣
ΨһһǣȻռʡί֯λӣʡί֮֯ˣΰֶһҶƽҶƽһƺá
ԭʡίǵʱȨȽ飬ҪΪΰǺõʡίǵרְְЭʡίǰһЩ񣬶ʡίץԼһЩشߣʡίǵȨǷǳȫģֻҪʡίԸ⽫һЩȨתʡίǣôʡίǵȨǺܴ󣬵ǵԸЩȨתʡίǵʱôʡίǵȨǺ顣
Ȼǲܵΰǵأ˵·ЩĻ䣬뿪ʡͬʱҲҵĹԱΡ
ҶƽͬˣΰǶΣֻҪΰǽȨøҶƽһ֣ҶƽʵȨǺܴ󣬹ʡί֯Ժ¶Ҫġ
һ뵽棬ͿʼĥΰϵĽĹԱıǩȥ˽ĹԱ˻ˮ
⣬ǸһˣڼԶҲǻޣ̼ԶԽȨΪ
ǵʱ򣬽ַһش飬ƵĽ̸ͻȻìͷָ˽С
еĸֳڶ࣬˾¾źöҸֳͬʱлԴԵҵȾǳءýͨ찵ã˽еĻȾ⣬ҪǸֳŷ꣬һЩҵΥŷȾغʹȾЩýع⡣
һعһڽ̸ϲţǿҷ졣һʱ֪飬̽ŵҪʡϵʡί㱨
ʡίʱȻҲѾ֪飬ʵ֮ǰѾ֪ˣһ㱨ΰǡΰû˵ʲôǼʹƽҲǲܵģ֮ǰһϢ֪ع飬ֻûȥƽ¶ѡ
ع˳ΰǽӵı֮ʾҪίоķҪץûĹ


1319 Ѿ
ӵΰǵʾæټίίٿίᣬо顣Զ٣ǵһ𣺡Զͬ־ί֪ͨ㼸ģ㿴ڼˣ
˻һűļԶʱסǵŭı飬û˵ߵԼλǰ
һѾüԶʧȥյĶ־ͷ緶ûյУʱΪгӣֱҲټʱʶ֣ѵҲҪ侮ʯ
ӶǵĻȾع⣬أʡίʾҪ̽ģȾԽԽǵӣûһõĻʹӵҲҲûãڻȾǰ˺͸ˣҪܻѣΪ׬Ǯƻһʮ޴ΪǽҪʶҪԣضְѻȾãԶͬ־гһɣ
̬ؽһ⣬ʹƻһʮ޴Ϊ޴Ϊ֮ǰڽȴʮʢеģΪ˾÷չΪGDP͹˲ûȾˡ
һ˵꣬㿴Զ󡣼ԶһСɽޱˣ뷢𣬷йһĵƣֲ֪ӺηԽУԴʡ쵼㣬ĵ鷳ϣǹԽеġ
Ҫһ۾ɨһȦ᳡ѹһԼģͻȻ˵ڹǣǽУĿΣλǽзչĺܺã˿˳ۣǣǸýҲǲɧţⲻǾ£ĿˣеȷڻȾ⣬ⲻǵĶ󣬶ںöطֻǳ̶Ȳͬˣֻǽʲô˼ҪҽҲ£ǽûдҪʲôģҾ̬ȣҲˣҪ˭˭ȥǲģ
ԶԽ˵Խ˵󣬱վһ˳ȥһĿ۾͡
ȥгҶûзӦгæվ˵Ҫȥһ¼Զ
ʱŷӦ˵ˣˣ㻹ڣǼо⡣
һʱЩɣû뵽ԶὲⷬǳˣʱӦڻңǾԵûжҪֺһεĳίᣬоöڼԶ飬º˵
һֻԶߣֱ˰ţҪҪ᳹ʵΰǵʾøȾҵһɹͣûȵʱٿ
˱̬̬֮ɢᡣɢ֮һ£ԼȥʡһˣѼԶ˵ףȻºʡί֪ˣȻһ鷳ھԲٸԶˡ
뵽ǰʡǣʡ֮ȥϵΰǣһϵȴ֪ΰȥˣʡǣҲΪȾ£ȥԺ㱨ˡ
һΰǲڣһôأǲҪʹ˻ȥ㱨ˣҪʡ㱨һʡ㱨ƺʣҸ߼ҲҲпΰһȥˣΰ
ϸ죬ͻȻ뵽ҶƽҶƽʡίǣЭΰǹģҪ㱨һ£Ҫ㱨㱨ˣǱ̬⣬ԶɧأѾɧķ룬Ѿһιˣʱ㱨ΰǾӣʱҪ뼾Զˡ
һȥҶƽҶƽڵİ칫Ұᵽԭڵķ䣬ίǵİ칫ǱҲʱȥ˵ȽˣΪʡίˡ
ʡίǿΰǵأһʲô±ȥ죬ŪڱԭæˡʵеǳίƣҲ˵ίһֹȻֱӶԳίḺ𣬲ԭҪǽзֹܣרְǣֻЭʡίץõвٸĹˡ
ٳίƣҲ벻ǵ쵼ϳί֮ǰҪǻ㱨ͬ˲ϳίᣬϳί֮ǰҪһؾĳǾҪǻ㱨ǵͬ⡣
ȻֱӾĳЩ飬ϲϳί˵㣬ǿƵĵطгί㱨⣬ΰǸҶƽ㱨һ˵ƽͬ־һѹء
ΰһӰҶƽǰ̨ҶƽеȨأʡίǲʵˣίʡ֮⣬Ҫ㱨Ȼпϳίᡣ
Ҳ뵽㱨ԭ֮һڴҿҶƽ㱨ΰǻ㱨һģҶƽеȨʱ
Ҷƽİ칫ңƺһҶǣȻʱҶԭǸҶǺ岻һˡҶƽ̧ͷһæӭЦǰ
ѾͨҶƽȻԵʮֵĿΰԽȨԽҪǫһЩȻ˼޵ġ
Τ߲һˮȻ˳ȥҶƽһҶƽ֪Լʲô£֪ܵع顣
ǣϡͣôпչңҶƽЦһ˵
ϡ֣ͻȻеһ֮ǰҶƽĽడԺҪཻˡ
Ҷǣҹ㱨һ£ܽҲûǰϵֱӹˡһҶƽ˵
ҶƽһЦ˵˵ʲô㱨ʲôͽɣ
Ҷƽ㱨ԶίίϵıʾأҪʡί㱨
ҶǣԶߣĻΪίвƽʱûܴðӺͶ飬¸쵼ɲ粻㣬ֱ飬ҸеھΣǻˣһҪ֣ڽ̬֮
ҶƽĬĬţ֪ԶȻڳίϹȻⷬԺҲǸе𾪣ԶʧȥˣûʧȥˣǾǵΪˣʲôգԽУⲻɻ¾£˭¾˵˭ҪսˣһŵĻ˵ǾѾˣûֵزһ㲻ὲִģڼԶڷͿˣҪˣ˾뱣ҲǱסġ
ʱרŹʡί㱨£˵û뼾Զվһϣѡʡίվһ˵̬Ҫ䣬Ҫתˣ


1320 ˧ع
Ļ㱨ҶƽһӱϿκεȻеǳԾʼտԼԼ¶ǳΪһ߼쵼ɲıȻ
ʹ׺͵쵼ˣҲԼϲŭֱ¶ϣǲı֣˿ԵǣǵμңμұҪ̩ɽǰɫ䣬ͻں겻ǣȻһϲϲŭֹϣ˲³ʲô뷨־磬ˣôȻͻϲŭɫˡ
ҶƽȻҲϣܴﵽľ磬ֻܴﵽľ磬绢ոȨ
㱨֮󣬱￴ҶƽһۣһҶƽҶƽֻ֮ƽؽһµǣ飬Ҽǣתһ£㿴԰ɣ
ԭΪҶƽһЩʵķӦû뵽ҶƽȻʲô̬ҲûбֻҪΰתеҶƽǸҶƽʡίǣʡίһ֣Ȼ̬Ҷƽ㱨Ҷƽδؾ˭֪ôء
Ҷǣ鷳תˣǱ߻飬ھǸϻȥʲôָʾҾȻȥˡǡ
ҶƽҲһֵʲôָʾʡίǱ߻֪ͨģõʳʱˣҪһԶٷɣ
һ˼˵Ҷǣûе㼱£רԷģ
ҶƽҲûǿ֣ˡ֮ԲԸҶƽһԷǲԸñ֪ҶƽˣһһԷ֪ˣ϶ỳģڻһǶ˹ϵԼ˴ʡί㱨ԶȫһܵΪԶ֪
ո뿪ҶƽյԳı棬ѳίϵһ£Ҷƽ֪ʵ飬ûκε֮
֪֮ҶƽǸеҪתˣתˣҪ뼾ԶиˣԶ󵨴Ϊڳί˵ֻڽιͷֱָʡίΪԳʹĻԺ˭ܹܵ
Ҷƽ˼һ£¸ô죬һֱѼԶ£ڼ˧ûлھͽ£ô˧ңˣʱ򻹲õʱֻǼ˧ܷ
Ҷƽ˰죬̲סȥһ绰һ飬Ҫеף˧ȷ޷ŪҲֻȶ֣ԶˣȻܻӰ죬²֮󣬽Ĺٳʡ쵼㶼֪¡
һ͸ϵûнӣһŸعȻ˧ϾͻصڣһתƳȥʽŪһҲ١
ҶƽһǸе֣ǲȡʲôȻҲܰǮŪЦЦͺҶƽһǺǺһЦ˧޴ĺܣŪ
ҲЦ
˧ʱԼһŮһϷعڵķɻ׼صڡһͷ˧ʶһλ근ʮʮƯһλŮɣԳǹڸǰŮѧϰ
һżʶ漴˧Ե·˰ӡ밮֮ŮعҸְ׼ͶһĿֻҪͶȥ潫ﵽʮϣںöǮ˶Ǯְ
ŮʶЩ죬˧ѾȷһŮۼڣ˵Ůɸ׵ҪʵĶ࣬ļڣͽǷвٵծҸҪŮɸǼھźıȺһͨͶȡɲнļҵ
˧ݽȥŮ֮İˣҲܹΪŮɼҵĳһ˵ŮҪعһҪ֮ĸĸ˵һ˵ʱĶˣҪŮһع
˧üԶϳ˹һֱڹߣСӢûѧã˹⣬ֱǶ꣬عˣǼԶعŮɵջʵǴסˡ
˧һҪع뵽Ҫ߼ԶΪϾҪȼ˧ĶһЩҲعģΪڹȷʵ㣬ȻҪȹںãûݺѣʲô˼ãǾþ֮ذЩ̰ǻ֮ʱͻ仰˼ĸоӦǺܲõġ
˧һͼԶϵԶʱķ֮ʣ̱ʾͬ⣬ǲҪ֮ڲҪ
˧һǸ߼˧ҪȥǼ˧ʱѾϣŮɵҪǮת˹ڣƱˡ
裬Ůɵı񣬼ʹְʲô£ҲͨŮɵĹϵƽˣ˵ְڹںúõģʲô£ЩǮԼ׬ģְҲûжٹϵαȥЩ£ְ񾭹һˣȥԺ󣬲ʲôµġ
˧辭ס˧ȰҲȷʵؼˣعȥʹʲô£Ҳˡ
ҲûٺͼԶкֱŮһ˷ɻֱɾǣŮɸĸһ棬һϲϿŮٻصȥ
ʵ׼Ҷƽ㱨£Ҷƽȴ绰ˣŸ飬һô죬ǿס˧أǼϷȥ
ҶƽһϷͲˣȻѾǾͲȡʩɣȺΰǻ㱨һ£ΰھǣҲɾһ˰ɡ
Ҷƽøס˧ˣȵ˵֮ת˴ذ
Ҷƽ̴żԱǡ˾֮Ҷƽΰͨһ绰㱨һ£׼һ棬һ顣
ΰ˵֮ʾͬ⣬͵ʡפ´棬һ顣Ҷƽʡפ´
Ҷƽǰǣٵפ´齣ΪһҪؼңһפ´פ´һͷļһҶƽЦģ
Ҷƽ֣߽˰´Ĵã´æǰæźţҶƽʡίˣһμίǣ߲쵼Ҫź򲻺ãǰ´Ǳˡ
ڰ´˴ԼһʱΰǴ߼ҲҲˣ֪ԶίίΪ֮Ҳ͸߼ҲɽˣһһҶƽ׼ȷ㱨оһô졣
Ҷƽһˣã൱ٿһǰ칫ˣһľȨˣĴˡ


1321 ߼˧
ʡίͷפ´´Ȼæˣ֪ʲôӣʡһ־Ȼͬڴˣ¡
´վԱʱ׼źŵģϣҶƽɨһ˵ȥɡ
´һڨڨģæ˳ȥʡί쵼Ҫ̣ɲҲԱ߲밡
´߳ȥԺҶƽŰΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˱һ£ص㽲˼Զڽίί˵Ļ㱨ֽһ顣
Ļ㱨ΰӳԶǲ񻰣⣬Ȼ˵ԭͬ־ʴҪ쵼λˣ
߼ҲŨüһչȻһ壬Ҳ˵ҿҲǣǸУһнԶǲģʡʱָӲǲٹ˼ĳЩ˵ˣ
Ҳʡ֮ǲٿǵԭˣƽأΰǵĿͣҶƽϣ˾ĵ˵
Ҷƽ̧ͷ͸߼ҲһۣȻƽ˵Ǽίڰеʱ֣ԶܻΥΪҽгְ跨
Υزأ߼ҲһǰһʵҶƽƽʱĲ࣬в˽⣬ΰǶٶ֪һġ
յԶΥСڹؼ֤֮ǰڹڣûа취϶ڹؼ֤Ѿعˣλ쵼㱨һ£׼Թؼ֤˲ȡʩλ쵼ɲԣҶƽػش
ΰʵؼ֤ʲô
һΰҶƽѼ˧һȻոջع˵һ˵ûʲôĻί׼ȰѼ˧
ҶƽЩ꣬ΰ߼ҲɣҲʡ㿴أ
߼ҲĿⶨһȻ˵ҿԶ˧ȡһʩǲҪȶԶ󣬵ǰĺȽЩȻƽͬ־ǰ참רңô죬ΰǶ
ΰЦһµھˣһ鶨ɣƽȻ˧ѾˣôͰ˶ͼԶŲȡʩȥǰѼԶУһӿپζԼԶд⣬һ£Զ󲻵νг˭İࣿ
ΰǰ⻰һ˵߼ҲɵĿһȻҶƽҶƽȻȥ˭νг£²ܣ߼Ҳɿû
Ҳʡ˵˵߼ҲɿҶƽΰʵ
߼ҲʡгѡȻһķȨҲҪΰǵĴڣȻϵôһֱϵĲܳʲô϶
ΰṩͿˡ߼Ҳ˵
ΰһ£˵Ȼȥ˵ɣһ֯ʲô
Ҷƽһеһ֪֯ʲô뷨᲻ƳһϵĹԱ
죬ҪԼ˧ɴʩԼҪѼԶе飬ھĸţȥԺ
Ҷƽ֮󣬱ϵ˧ڵλáŶԴȫƿ֮У˧ȻھǴƵͷδ˼أء
Ҷƽ˱һЦ룬һἾ˧ο¾ҪجˣӾҪͷˡ
µ绰Ҷƽһ룬ҪԼ˧ȡʩƺЩǴʱҲҲ´Ȼˣ¶ԻǲҪð´Ϊá
ѲҶƽҶƽھǵϵǿԵģһ绰˼侯϶Լ˧ȡʩü˧ʱʲôΪ
׼֮ҶƽŹԱʼжʱһ˼ңˣжȥһ绰
ź֮ҶƽȻؼȥʱ˧ڴƵϢŮɸԼȻؼҺĸĸ˵һ˵˵֮ٴ棬ȫˡ
˹֮󣬼˧Զһ绰Ǽ˧ȴǲԸ˵ҪһϲʱŮɴһȥ˸ˡ
˧һûټ֣һ÷ھǴ˼죬ûȥʱԶһϲҲС
˧εʱ綫Լǵص侯һ˴Ƶ꣬Ƶ귽ȡõϵȻϡƵԱ˼˧סķ䡣
Ա壬˧æȥţΪŮɻˣͨèһû뵽ǷԱؿţһź綫Ǵ˽
üİˣ˧ԾصǣǸʲôģ
綫ɨһ۷䣬һŮԱߣ֪Ǽ˧裬һָ㰲˹ȥҲ
˧ǰʡίģҽ綫ǵ֤һЩȥЭ飬𣿡綫һۼ˧֤ʲôĸһ
˧һȫʱס˵ʲôûзҰǼԶ󣡡
綫һﲻЦһ£֪ǼԶ󣬲Ȼأʱ֣ɰ
ڽģҴȥ߰ɣ綫ؽһ䡣
˧ʱӦˣæеʵǣǰǼϼôˣ
˧£綫תͷ˵һǻȥ֪ˣǲض˵ʲôǻȥȻǽס
˧ͻȻ֮뵽Ůɵ飬綫ڻܸǻȥҪһˣûл
綫֪˧˸ƭعڵģһ˵ȻΪ˧ʱ䣬üͷ˵˧㲻Ҫŷûõģʵǻȥֻкôûлǿǿнߡ
綫˵꣬Ե侯սʿܸ˧ʱܵĻᡣ
Уұõҵδޣ˧ѿڶ˵
һδޣ綫룬δҲ֪һЩĻδ޻һҲδҪҶƽ㱨һ¡
綫˿ס˧תȥ绰㱨ҶƽһָʾҪôֻ࣬Ѽ˧߾ˣ˧ӵĻᡣ
ҶƽȻ֪˧νδôһ£˧ڻأǿЦ
綫绰Ҫ߼˧˧һȣҪδ޴绰һδ޷ġ
綫һȻǲ˭֪˭¶˷ǲУ綫˽ֻѳٶིʲô̴ߡ
˧ʱеܿǼԶˣͼ˧ˣôôɣոջصڣǳ£Ҳ̫ˣѵǵôһعͳˣ


1322 ԶҪ˦ֲ
˧绰ҲܴҲܵŮɻǲԸ綫뿪Ƶ꣬綫һֻӲģ侯սʿǿдߡ
һӣ˧߹Ȱ˵һ£϶ûõģοǲʲôشķӣΪԶΥ͵ܵ飬ûбҪŪ̫ˡ
˧һȰ˵ֻͣȻŲŮɣ綫һŮ֮󣬺øһ
綫һӦУû⣬£߸Ƶ˵һУŮѻҲġ
綫Ӧ˧ŷ綫һˣȵһ˷ɻ侯սʿȥֻҪ˷ɻ˧ûˡ
ȵɻ䵽лʱʡίԱѾȺڻˣȵ綫ż˧˷ɻ̽ʡίİ참顣
ʱҶƽҲӾظϣһ˼ȻͻˣΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˰֮Ҳһ˼ҡ
˧ͻȻʡίƣԶʱ֪Ϊ˧ؼҲûк˵Ȼ֮ǰ˧˵һ£ûͬ뵽˧Ѿϣӹˡ
ʱһ𣬿һô죬ڳίϵĽ϶ᴫʡί쵼ĶȻʱһʱ嶯˵ǷڿʼЩˣˣҲٶʲôˣˣôľôİɡ
ȻǣԶҲͲȥֲ⣬ͺһ죬˵лڣҲͺ⵵¡
ʱҲеͷöȻæƽˣΪл߱ܵһڣ˾˺ܴӰ죬Ȼﲻ
Զпչʵе֣ƽʱϵԶ󣬶ǼԶϵ
ҽô㵱ʲôĶУԶһŲ裬Ц˵
ҲںŲ裬ʱˮǺһ£˼˵г˵ĻõĴгܸҵʲô飿ⲻɷҿǵ𣡡
ԶѲ豭£̾һ˵һӵʵͷҿʲôҲûõҵҵݵĸɵʲôʱ͸ɵʲôʱǾͲˣҪݣɲûҪѵ˶˵ٺãʵʲôõģæûԼʱ䣬нˮôͣϵôѧ뿼Ա빫Ա飬ҿǵĿľǲΪٺԳĺģǵǻỹǴ߽ɲģҪͷġ
û뵽Զп£һ˵ǹһǹٱλĹңͷأ½綼ǽٵģελҪĵλ㿴ҵģĸ֮취ЭίԱ˴ʲôģһελ𣬲ȻǾһǮ˶ѣǮ˲˵׷˲һͣԱ˺ˣⲻҪǮһǧԺܺõˣҲ꣬ΪʲôҪ׬ǮͻΪ˰ҵ׳ҵԼҲȨˣελҲ˵׷󣬼гôߵελΪһ˵Ӧ֪ˣȫжٸг˵ָҲмģᳬһǧ˵ǲǣ
ȻĻˮƽߣЩҲǼʶ٣ĻԶһĻԶһ룬˵ҲǺеģǮҲǲСС˼룬ĴﻹǴȨ;źܶĲ׽ʱ޳쿴ƺܷ⣬пܵ¹ȵסȻҵҲпܽǾ޸ͻƲ½˰
Զ˵ʲôǷɧɧڵģҲԹȥģȥƴɻǾֹгλˣʹ޵ʱ쵼ҲʹĲֲһ¥ǰʧݣһ档
һ뵽ڵԶ̾Ϣ˵ĲֲԸʹǣ˺Ļ֮һ֮ͦİǰλ֮ףжƨµλӶɵء
˵ЩˣǽֻǺȲ죬̸ˡԶϵıӣֺ˲
ԶΪѲŹģ˵г˴ν̸иعˣҿǹ˾ԺĴˣȥǻô棿
ȻԶ˵̸£ͷϣ̸ôУ
Զ곣ί͵ˣôˣȥ곣ίȥʡˣ˴ʱûжǺ֪һع⣬϶ΣҪôΣԶ϶֪
£Զüͷһ˵ոտ곣ίᣬҷһͨƢн죬ƴƴɳģڵãȫйˣǹ͹ɣˣڵ˦ƹ񣬿ô죡
벻Զôһ̬ȣʱеΣˣԶгأ飬ôܲأһƢʱôƢ
гҪǲܣôܣгæ˵
Զһ۵ýһع⣬ٿίˣһĶ࣬鲻죬˭죿ھǵ˦ƹ񣬿ô»ˣ
ԶʱǺԣһȱҲǿˣԭڵʱԣղˣҪԣԲʰ
гҿ㵱˦ƹɲУ濴ˣ϶᲻˵ģȻϢϢأ˵Ĺǻ岻ݴǵģǧһֱȥǸûˣԶȰ˵һ¡
ԶĻ˼һµ鲻ǸӣһҵģڶԤеˣҲ뿪гǲݵģȻҾ͸ṩһɣ˦ֲˣ
Զ˦ֲɣҿȥгҲ뵱ˣں̫ΣˣôأгʲôûˣôڻûеҪְĵزгԸȥģ˵ˣǲͶ
гǹ˵֪ҲǲͬģҪһȥΰɣܾ˼ҸȵˣǻҪסأǶӰ
ĵȰ˵ԶĲгڽеͲðˡ


1323 ٿί
ʡίίٿҪо飬һҪѼԶӽгλӵʡίθ鳤ڶо̸۽⣬ԴڵΡ
ӽܹμεʡίίᣬڽ̸۽⣬취ΣȴǷּԶ󲻼ˣڽˣϵ飬˵Ҳ֪гȥˡ
ǱһʱȺֻ渺һ£ԶҲʹˣԸץˡ㷨Ҫ군군ǧҪԼԼҪץ£Ȼʡίﲻý
ΪԶҪ군Ҫһʱ䣬û뵽ô죬ʡί֪ͨίᣬоԶεˡ
ԶͻȻҪְ˵ʡί˾ģ˵Ӧΰ˾ģȻ߼ҲɺҶƽҲʮֵ޳ɣȻԶְ黹ǲðģҪǼԶְӰ⣬ڽ̸ع˵Щ⣬ÿԳΪԶɡ
ʵɼԶְҶƽ㱨Щ飬ԶȱɣҲίǵҪԭΪһ֣ܲΣгɣǵίǾԲɣȻỵµġ
ٿʡίί֮ǰΰǰе칫ͷ̸̸Զְ飬רΪίǣԼԶְúҪͬ⼾ԶְȻҪðö࣬ͬ⣬ȻҲ԰죬ǿ϶˳ټϹпܴӣ齫ð졣
ΰ֪Ҷƽ漾Զίίϵı֣ˣΰǲ²ϣ˼ʱԵøУƽ͵š
ûκԥͬ⼾ԶְҪΪ뼾Զ϶ֻʡίԶְ⣬Ļᣬȿΰǿ£ֿԽԶߣ᲻ͬ⣿
Ӧķǳʹ죬ΰȻʮָˣȻ˽гѡгһְλȨأһҪһ˹ΣΰǴʱ֮ǰȥίҦΣҦ򵱳ȥίǵģԭʡί칫г
ӵгҦȻ󹻣ΰһᣬͬ⣬ΪҲŪһǳȻüԦһЩ
ͬѡΰóίǣίһְǴʡίѡΡ
һĻίĸɲһӵõˣҦθǣȻãʡίѡɸɲмίǣȻһã벻ΰʡίĸɲ
ΰʡίĸɲȻҶƽйأҶƽȵȻ飬ڰҦΪг֮ίһְΰóΡȥĵʱ䲻ҪԽίд󻻰࣬Ҫóίǡ
һԭǣҶƽڹΰҪһ¼ͼĸɲʾڰ֮Ҷƽһʡίɲȥֽмίһְ
Ҷƽһ룬ͰʡίҵһȥνмίǣίǻΪãȻڵطѡΣ̫첻ÿչ
ʡίί׼ʱٿһʼо⣬һǲΪ棬µҪ֯ԱĽһȴҶƽ潲ҪԱﲻɫȽѿ
ȣΰҲ̸һΰҪԶ󣬱ʾͬ⣬ΪڴʱԶְðʡ뱻˼ҾǴںܴ⣬̸һع⣬Ǿڴɲˣá
ΰһ͸ҲڴɲĵְԶ뿪֮⣬νгʱ̫ʱλʵġ
ʾԶûʡί֯˵ⷽ£ԶԸɣʡίְ֯ġΰǶһ۾˵ͬ־֪뿪֮⣬ҹͬ־ͬ⼾Զ뿪Уʡί칫
һ˵ʱˣΰվһˣΪίǣҪԶְ֯ΪԶ˵ʲôã󲻵ò̬ʾûһҪԶĽ飬ԶƢЩ֣Ժ鷳ΰ⡣
ΰǵͷʾͬ⣬ʡίίϣҶƽ͡ҶƽѼԶʡί칫θ鳤һ˵ΰǱҵһ˭вͬ
ʱ˹һۣȻֿһۣΰ̸֮ûüйͨüԶ뿪Ҳжڵ̬ˣҲʲôˣټʱûʲôͨ˳ίᡣ
˶û˵ԼҪٲԶ˵˵ǾǽĹԱˣԺ˭ǵ£
뵽˵Զ긻ǿʱͻȻҪְҾЩִ٣²죬ڽ̸ع⣬ҪȥҵǣʱҪְ񡣡
һڷԣΰǺҶƽ˵ĿһҶƽó淴ΰ
ΰǽ͵̸ع⣬ǼԶʱµģ϶ûλģԶνгʱܳˣҲҪŲһŲλˣȻ뿪Уʵ˵ҲǲεģʡίۺϿǣҪʡί칫θ鳤ҲǶһָ𡣡
еΰɲ֣дڵⲻǼԶһ˵£ѵΪίǣûΣҪԶҲӦ
Ҿ飬ͬ־ӦһҲҪͬ⼾ԶְֻǾʱЩ졣һ˵һ߰Ŀ
һԼҪǲӻǾͲˣһ룬һᣬ˵˵̸ǾٿίίᣬԶͬ־ҪԻΣҲҲ֪ȥĶˣΪгʱظλܣʵǲã
Ȼôһ˵͹ȻеܳԾʱ򲻵ΪԶ󽲻侮ʯˣһüԶ뿪ˡ
֮Ǿõʱûκε·ˣȻԶ֪뿪Уȴû뿪ԺĹûˣһЩߴҡ
ʵԶڳί˵ЩӦЩ̨Ͻֻ˽ｲû취ֻܽԶλҲչ¡


1324 
һ˵оЩסԭΪһּ֧ԶģΪǽĵίǣּ֧ԶôԶˡղſ˵Լȿ˿ڣҲڽû뵽һȻǷԼԶģ
ͷˣﰵ룬Զһ뿪У˵Ǿûк·ˣֻҪҪλϣʡͷͳ˹¼ҹˣȻԶѱĴڣ־Ͳ̫ᷢı仯ԶñӵĸȣֻҪԶڣǻǰȲ죬ûˣǿ϶޷ӸǰȲˡ
ô֮أеＫΪƣȻԶ󲻴üԦվǸһĵİԵᣬûбҪ㼾Զ
һ룬ǸеЩջĿⲻбҲЩµĽ鲻ģҶƽģҲ˵ʲôʹԶǰأʱҲҪΪԶ˵˵
ͬ־˼˵ϵϼԶ𣿡Ļֻ֮þôһ䣬ϣ˵֧֣Ȼһּ֧Զˡ
ϵϣ֪ȥĶˣ鶼֪Щ֯޼ˡ
ҾòôƣѵڼԶʧˣǲҪһңеҲЩˣʱֱ侮ʯһҲ˼ɵĹԱ⣬ȥҪٺǸһˡ
һ˵ҰڻϵֱҲûϵϣ˵ʧ٣Ϊڡ
˵˵ȥҶƽΰǶһɫ˵ҪЩԶʧûʧ٣ǲ϶ֻйزȨ϶۵ҪȥԶгְ⣬һΪӦȥԶгְĿ˵˵ɣľͲ̸ˡ
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ί̿ʼ̬ʾֽ֧Զгһְ绹רžʹ˷ӣ൱ڰ˼Զһ
ұ̬֮ΰҪҾбڱʱַȥԶгְ񣬹ûзԣҲû֧֣Ͷ޳Ʊ
гѡίԼмίǵѡֽһоʱƺʧĲˣȫԷԣ֧֣ʡί֯ΰ̸˻ֱӷԣϵıǲ°ŵġΰǲֱֲͬ⣬ȫͬ⣬ͨ
Ҷƽı֣ҪͷˣȻ˵ԶһģʱҶʾͬ⣬㲻ʾͬ⣬ǲˣǶüʯͷ
ڲȥˣͷɣԼʰԶȥ
о֮о˽̸ᵽ⣬ΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˲飬ҦԺȫԸ⡣
ɢϵ档һصô£ԶµгȻ＾Զ˵侮ʯʲô
Ĭһ£˵üԶڽĸ£ʲôԭһֱͰ
һŭʲôͣ޷ǼԶǿһЩˣǹؼʱҪ֧ģôϹҲǵģôڻҲ˵Ժ˭Ƿ
˵Լɨһ۵ڻô˵֯ҶƽҵĹˣ֮ǰΰ̸˻ѼԶ˵ˣҵʱǷԵģ˵ͬˣȻ㱨Աˣһܽʲôʲôã
һԾôңҿתˣڻϻżϣˣˣ
ٿǰΰǲź˵ʱ֪ͨ㣿˵òȷʵҪתˣָˣε
һ룬˵Ҫһȥһΰɣ
ȴ˵ҲûãҲǣüԶΣпǣһѾԤϵˡ
ôܣΪʲôҪЩ⡣
뿪죬Ҿ͸оˣԲǵˣܣΪʲôҪߣһߣʵζҪ뽭ְڰˣ֧ˣǻϣʵû˽⵽˼ҵ
һеЩţĻڻ᳡ϵıʵǷǳ޴ģ˶ּ֧ԶƫƫԼ֧֣ǳͷĴӣⲻǰ
һ룬æ˵Ҿãôβ᲻ǵģȥһ˾ǣ̽һ̽ڷ磬ڼﶢɣԶҲϵϣҲȥˡ
пܣŲ϶ҲģҲڽĸˡ
̾һ֪ԸڽĸˣҺαΪôĻĻɢˣ˵ɶҲûˣ
һʱĬȻʲôʵͽɶ¶˳ˣֻ군
ǣԢ
ͼԶտסլȫ˴ŵһԢһľͼԶվǰ档
ЩϵϣͼԶ˵ȴЩ
ΣϾ˰Цſ˵ԶվԱһʱû˵
ЦһЦûϳҪˣȫˣҲϰֿеӣΪ˾ӶߵķʽΪǿǰȻ͵һȫ϶Ӧģھַʽ˵ȫӦˡ
ЦæµһӣѵȫϢûȤǹ˾ʲôģҲҪȥشϸǹ˾Уӷһȣòã
һϰֵͲҪϹͷȥʲôˣڹʶţëʵЩͬ־ǳųų棬ȻҲõõһЩôʵҲһָܰûʲô£ȴôߵнˮȰҪѧҪʣȥЩרֲҵܵʲôʣ
վܾҪ󣬶һôһƪǿһվԱߵļԶû뵽ջôͷѣȻϵĹˡȷڵطйʣҵҲйʣֻҲðһЩʣһЩݵĸ߼ɲΣǷȣʵǰܷͣʲôȰƤΪԼҵ׳ƶѡ


1325 ձ
յĻúе˱ڣ漾Զ˵˵ģȴǲ֪οˣԶվԱ߿⸱̬ȣȻҲдһЩ˿ɺޣؾǲһ㣬ǲ̫Զˡ
쵼㲻ȥҵȣǲʲôʱȥǶһԶ̲סգڼȥһˣΪվһ̨
۾һ˵һΣҲ˵һȥˣ󲻻ȥˣʲôȥʡίʡҪҰԶҸˣһҪ֮֯Իս֯֯ҲǣǲŲһɢɳӶŻ᲻ϵ׳ߵزǼʮĵãһҪᣬʲôʱһҪ֯֯ķԸҶһڴ
벻վȻĻԶеǳײˣȻôأ֯ȻǴڵģ֯Ҳ˹ɵģȥ֯֯һ˰
뵽ԶеԼҲȥˣ˵쵼Ļ֪ڽĵĲһˣڷǽĹȥȡõĳɼĿأô޶ԣɲ˦ֲģ
Զ˵ʲôʲôҵģ˵ԺͲҪˣѾ㣬һҪ֯Ĵڵ⣬ΪҲ֪һʱһʱʱڽڷչκ˶ܱȱͷˣôôʲԷ⣿ڵչ˼·ıǷǳڹ˵Щʲôãȥо仰ԴͻλӣλӾͻԴڻԴֻҪ϶ҪλˣǲΪŹҵģ
ЩɫѼԶҲˣԱˣеûʲôˣնһ۾ͿǴ˴ǵ⣬ǻ۽ģ
Σȱгһֱ׷ģʲô㣬˭ڽĵĻȷʵǱˣЩҵҲͷˣԺôչҲûеװԱ߰ǻ˵
˺һۣնԴҵһǱȽ͵ģ黺һ£ǸҵǿǿؼǿҵǹȥӪҵķչʱı˭ߣ˭ӴһЩܷչȻҲǷ˱仯ȥǶҵ̫࣬ǡǡ෴ҵĵ̫ʲôҲˣ߷ɵĵ߶ͻˣҲһʱһʱҲҪӦʱҪҵҪȥӦת䣬ҪҵҵһҪ⣬Ȼ治ȥоԼ治ȥֲ뷨ȥת䣬ֻ治ȥǿ͹۹ɰԼһҪ£Ҫ;
յĻúϸеȣտھǷ˼ԼȥһЩȻʱôԼԶֻǾ˼ǵ
һ˵ʲôˣֻæӦ˵ǣҽҪע⣬гİȥһ˽ģ
մһӼ˵ܵˣղ˵Զһֱ׷ҵģ׷˭ģǲô˵˵ӹˣˣǵ͹ݵģ׷Ĳĳˣһ׷ǵǽͬ־ϵĻǲҪǰһĵĸɲΪ˽ģ˽ôһǴˣΪһ˲ţ˵ǽϵĹԱϵԱĽ̸ңȫһֺ˵˵ʲô̸ҽ컹ʸΪһݵĲɲҾͲɺͷһŹҵٺ»죿ֱǻǵͷǧҪѣҪΪһʲôǿԴºóǾԵģǻȥɣԼ飬غԼı֣ʲôǿסκκʱ򣬶Ҫ뵽ǵĵǵĹңǵ壬һжԷ£ǹҺҪ֣֮ҪǼ˵ķܶûµļͳһʲôҲɲɣͺñһͥͥ˵뷨һ໥ƤŽᣬͥһģ϶ܵ˵۸ȻԣһҪװ֯۸ʲôԹ֯һǶҪӣǸ𣿡
ջüԶͺ˽̫أûһЩ飬콲ر࣬Լˣ֪֯޼ɵΣ۷ʲôҪ֯ķԸĴˣҹϵƽһЩ顣
յĻԶеԼȫʧˣǲˣգհԼȥ˴ЭУڿҲûбҪˣմŲģģǹ밲ʡίŸɣ
һԶһɥ˵ص쵼㲻ȥľˣ˵ôɶˡ
ȻԼ˵Ļ̾һԶ֪ҵΪʲôӽίǵλӲ
⻰һ˵ԶվסˣڻЩ⣬ͣסŲյԶ͸࣬ΰ㣬һɲŽţ˧ţڣ󵨵ȥɣ׳ɼҲˣ˲ϵЩȱ㣬Ȼ͸еˣʵϣͶ㲻ˣֻ첻ѣȱ֮һҲʶˣ㲻ںԸһ֣˭ҲûɻһֳˣǽӰһƬҵ㽫Ծûͬ㵣һ֣ײף
սĻԶͷ˿գͻȻ˵쵼㲻ҲûеһǳζͶǣȻҲа
벻ԶǺһ䣬ոеؿЩƣЩܣͻȻؿڣæˣյйȻϽҽԺͣˣǧüԶ
ԶһӣҲǻֽţæ˵Լ˵ģû˼Ҳǲ˵ˣһæ͵ҽԺȥ
͵ҽԺ󣬺ͼԶҲ˵ˣзǳ˳һŪʲô
ʱĵ绰˺ûмԶ󡣺һæ˵ʡͼгһأ
ʵ
һ˵ھǣǲʲôǣ
ȥǣ֮ϵǡ
֪ʲô£æ˵ãǵ㣬βˣһɣ


1326 ԶķӦ
æӰϵ˾ǣû뵽ջᲡˣĻտ϶ŰԶˡ
ȻԶڱְѾûκεصˣ˴ιҪջ㱨һµǰʡҪ⣬ת䷽ˣеߣΪ˵Ȩλԭòԭµġ
˾֮ϵżԶܿһԲϵȻˡ
ǵĸ߸ҽԺ˼ԶͺˣһʼԶϼĵ绰ôͨͷ㶼ҷˣ㵽ʲô
£Զ󵭵ص徻죬Ǳ±Ҵ뿪ˣǲ𣬸ҵô裿
һеЩԶҲǲȻ뷨Լأһԡ
ôͷٺ˵顣żʡ
ⲻһʱĶѣûʲô󰭡
ûж£ͷƽһЩ߽ȥաڲϣ࣬һʱƣŻֱֵģȻ뼾Զ˵ǻйء
Σоôˣһűա
ͻȻոе֣Լոյòôˣ
ôˣտһ䣬ȥ㡣
ǱѰʡյģڿˣӰ쵽Ĳ飬һû£˵Σ˵㲡ˣ㼱æһ
ʵʡôôߵÿأ
üҲûаԼһˣʱһæ˵ʡҲûʲô£һʱмûй㡣
յǲû£æǵģһԶңҷܴ󰡣ٻȥһȦˣ˵ҪԼҲܹһӣҲǹܲˣ˵˵ʲôͽҪҹϵˡ
벻˵еǲʡˣҿԼû»ֻЩ˶ģⲻɵؾղԸˣе˴ûʲôˡ
ΣǾϻŵҲ࣬˭˵
ȴ˵֯ίʡίʡίˣ룬ʲôãˣʲô
һͱˣ㱨أȴֱˣҪҪѹһ
תһ룬ί˵ںõĺܣʡίֵһ£±Ƚƽȡ
һ˵ðƽȺãԭ̫ˣҪһȥ֧Զʲô֮Ҫʲô˼ɣһҪýķչĸá
һ֪ᱣԶˣתҲʲôˣղŽʡίһ£һʲô˼ȴ̬˵ĲܽĵˣϣķչԽԽõĵġ
ֻΨΨشӦţˣڼԶְ֮˵ɡ
Ҳû̸ʲôеƣȵ֮󣬺ɫѿΪյĲˣһʡ
ûʲô󰭣ҲǷˡ˵һȥԶٷȻһģȻ˵ղٹܼԶ£ǸһһܲܰԶһѡ
ԶʱȻν̬ȣһӣͷҲǲԸٰæˣԼڳίϵıָеڣҶ֧ȥԶְҪּ֧ԶⲻҶŸ
вЩ̾˾Ƶ꣬һ̾һӣеֱʵʡǲǳʲôˣ
һۣȻֿ˼Զһۣ˵Ҷ֪ô˵ؼʱҲˣԶǲǺͿˣڸ㣬гְˣ
һѺȫһ𣬼ԶıҲǴͣȻͼԼ
ľȻһʵʡ˵ʲôгְˣ
̾ûոտ곣ίᣬĴҲҲԶ󣬶˵ԶʧˣŪҺͶǳҶƽ齫ԶְȥгˣǿŪãһؼë
ţ˵ΪʲôҪ⼾гǶͬ𣿡
˺һۣ̾ҼԣǷЧΪ˵ǣͲԶְ
ԶˣͲüԶְϾͬһսġ
ԶǰĽʱͶҲˣֻǲ֪᲻侮ʯҶƽҲͶˣڲҵְҲǸˣ
ԶûжķӦЩ⣬ΪżԶƢӦȥʡίŪף֪Ϊʲôְȴ˷Ӧ뷨ˡ
ԶԴʲô̬ȣڳίϿ˵Ǿȫǹ֧˵˵Ȼ˵ʡ˵Ҳ𲻵áԼ֧齲һ飬Ϊ˼Զ˵͸֧ԼԴԶٲмǰװּ֧Զˡ
Զȴֻǵصһʲô̬ȣεҪ֯£Ҳˣǰҵȥˣ
ӣеһ˱ڣǵʱӦ֪Զְ˶Դ˵ȷʵٲְʡˡ
ȥʡί칫ְθ鳤׼ʲôʱȥֻðһ¡
ԶһЦȥʡίְԽԽĲŽˣҴûиɹ鳤Ľɫȥ鳤ÿһ·˵ζ
ԶǸɵʵְţûеι칫鳤ְ˴Ǳźûź飬ڵʡί칫θ鳤ź˵Ľɫ˵һֲм
һ˵ʡ˭ȥг
Ҧгίǣʡίһȥμίǣӿ˵ǴˣǸոտʼ


1327 ԶĲ
ԶְϢеʱ򣬽漸ը˹ڴҵԶ·һĴڣѾϰ˼Զ淢ʩĸоͻȻ˵ԶְˣͬϵһɽͻȻʧˣ
кܶ˵죬ЩȴΪְǲģҼԶҲְһְֵʡίθ鳤ˡ
ȻɥΪǵĿɽˣԶڣڽоͲǰ˳˳ˮˡ
ĹԱ⣬һЩ뼾Զϵĵҵ˵ҲǺܹģæԶ绰ôҲͨԶĵ绰ͷǻɣѵԶְ֮Ѿˣ
ҥ𣬵סܶ˶ΪԶ϶ǳˣȻΪʲôոձְôϵأǳˣôᷢ
Ŵַ˱仯˵ڲԶˣźͶҲˣѾץˡǴﴫģҶƽ֪ˣ϶Ϊ참Աй¶˷ʵⲻǴҵһ󣬼ԶˣźͶܲ
ԶӾǻص׼ӹʱ򣬱ЩԣڴʱȻǽегΪ˴ȥгְһְʽȥгְʡίֻȥίһְֱȥгְȻгֻʱӦʹְȨˣǾ֯ԡ
ϵ֮Ҧ򽻽ӹȻдһְŽ˴Ȼ˴ͬȥгְ񣬲ҦΪггʽгְ
ӵ绰ԶͷЩջڹؼʱΪԼԼҦĹӣʵе
ҹ绰Զ˵ЩԣԼ¶һĻ˵Ϊˣ뷨һҥԼг¶һ滹ǿˡ
Զ칫ҴһкǰԼȥҵӲһ£̨ͬ־Ҫ档
ʱʡίίѾ죬Ҷְ֪Ϣһֱûʽְ黹ûٿʱ˭Ҳ˵ǲгˡ
ҴѾϰʩӣ칫Ҳܲӡڵ֪صԺʡί֯ˣΰǴߴٹˣʹԶ󲻻ҲҪȥʡίľʡίźڣԶû֯ԣʡίòʡί鳤顣
ΰ˵Ǹ߹Զ󲻷ʡίʡί鳤һְҲˡ
ֻٴϵԶ죬ԶڵĻǿ϶ǸҥҪȵԶȥ
֪Զ˽Уһ棬ƽϢһЩۣȻ˼һ˵һεĵܲһͻЩˡ
ίרٿȫ쵼ɲᣬһҪľִｭĺ档
󣬹ֻ˵һЩ׻һЩ˽µĻˣȻͬˣôͲıˣ¹Ϳˡ
ȻҪٿ쵼ɲʱί칫ȴǹ˵ԶȥӲ칤ˣûӲꡣ
һıһ뼾ԶҪʲôʽְˣôȥӲ칤ҪʱҲְȴæµˣ뷨˲ͬ
һ͹˵ҲһеԶҲиԣʱܳסȥӲ칤˵ǣҪٵһɣԶƢҲ֪ġ
̾ҲǶû취ӦϵģŪӣؼʱҲˣܲʡί㱨𣿡
Ļ֪һֽͣۼԶβĹҲܶԼԶ侮ʯҪڲҼԶȻЩѱֻҪԦҲǸɲţͿôԦˡ
͹˵ȵżǱ߼ԶȴǲŲæȥӲҵĹ֮Щҵϰǽ̸Ǵ֪һֻ
ҵϰǼȻ̸ЦǸеʲô£ЩµҥԹƶǼٵġԶǣڵľӪǼúøɣҵǿ
ڴڵĻ⣬ԶֻδᣬʱӲ칤ΪϣΪ˱ֳԼһֿһƹˤĸо
ȻԶЦУЩҵϰȴ᲻飬ǼԶһεҵӲˣҲԺлӲ죬ǼԶ󲻿ĵгˡ
ȻЩ֣ȴЩ׳ԶӲСʱŽ͹ȼˣԸ绰Ϲ
ӵĵ绰ԶҲǲ˵ˣϽӣҲǸе̾ԶֱһҲ֪յôˣûǽĵĹԱҲһش
ֹһСʱԶ٣ίԺһοģȴҲ˵
ǰȥ˵ԶϿʼ
Զ˹ӣȻ˵ӣҦЦҦĵʱ䲻Ȼ˵ڵгˣԺοչȴźܴ⣬ΪطĹٳܲã㼴ʹ쵼ûмʲôĴգʮ̫ʲôģµϣΪƣԼ
Զһۣ֣ʲôҲû˵ʱкһϯ̨ȺѾȼˣٲȥ´ҾҪɢ
ϯ̨֮͹ϯ̨ȻҦͼԶҲȥȺǼһʱѻȸ£ƴô컹ô죬ǽȴ
֣ʡί֯һʡί֮󣬹ҪԻ᳡ݵط˽ʾ˴µʡίȫʡֳһεǳҪԽĽķչŷǳҪ塣
޷˵һЩ׻Աʾεĵȫģûκأô¡
˾üԶ뿪ǽĹԱڲ飬Զ󲢷Ǳ뿪ȻôӼԶҦ򣬶ǽĵĹԱ£۹ô˵ҵĻɡ
֮üԶ̬ԣԶ̬ôʾְģ˵Ļˡ
ίѾ׼˽壬ͷϯ̨ϣĻӦκģĽӦԼ׼ȻڼԶǲϣֻ÷ԸίĴǸԶ׼һݣݶˡ


1328 ˧
˵껰֮ǿԶʼԶ˫۽棬ĿȻȻ˲ϲԶ󣬵ǲòϵ쵼ƣȻڶҪ뿪ˣȻֳ쵼Ǹϡ
ڻ᳡ԭΪὲһЩڽĹܶ꣬ҽĻɿˣȻ˵Զ˲ϲɿ飬Ǵʱ˿̱ϾипɣҪһЩɣ
ȻʱȴǿǷ˷壬Ȼֶ˶ӣԼʮûн͹ΪҪʲôʣĻǿ϶ܶ˵ĲɵģӰܲá
ϯ̨ϣֲôֻ׼Լʮ󣬼Զ̧ͷƽһ£ûп˵Ҿͽ仰һ仰Ǹлͬ־Ƕҹȥ֧֣ڶ仰Ǹлʡίұ˵Σҵʡί仰ǸлĵĸףûǣĲᷢչôãȺڲͷչĶҾ仰ûˣ
Զϵֻ仰ûаսϵݽн͹һʱɫ仰ȴȫòϢ
֪ǶԼԶЩڽĹϿɻǾ࣬˰߻ǶԼԶĻһַ
˼УǼԶȷʵӮˣ棬Զһʱеɫ滺ûиղŵôˡ
ʱҲ˿ʼĥԶĽʲô˼һ仰лͬ־ǵ֧֣ǿ׻ûʲô壬ڶ仰ȴ˸еŨŨζʡί鳤ǲһؼУرҪؼегģȻԶȴҪлΪʲôлڴҿʵһֱԹ¶ǶʡίĲ
Ȼ仰ǸֵζˣΪԶǰȺڲᷢչͽĶЩʵûȺˣǴʱȴǽĻ뵽ʲôأûв´ĻΪԼϱɫʣг˴ѡģҲ˵Ⱥѡģȴǲﵣгˣĵĸװ
Ȼڵгڼ䣬ȴûϰֱӴΧߵĶЩϰҵңǸʱû뵽ϰյ飬ʱȴˣ
仰ûһ仰˵ҪʡίĻڶ仰˼ȴ˸еıԹˣ仰һĥԶҰĲСͦһ֣ܹܵ
͹˿ʱҲûʲô꣬ҦҲ̬ԣҦȻйоأ׼õĽһͨĽ
ܽᷢԣʾʡίί쵼ӵĵǴȫйֳһֵϣεͬ־ʡίҪùѽĵ콨øá
鿪ˣǽˣ᳡ȺʼɢȥŹ뿪˻᳡ȻԶҦں棬û뼾Զ󽲻ҦҲǡ
ڼԶڻ᳡ϵĽҦͷȻǲˣԶԲϹϵĽӣĽ֤ȻĴԹޣг
һڼԶıֺܲ⣬üԶʱȻʵǲɴǲˡ
ʱҲǸеˣȸԶ׼˽壬ȻԶȻŽ֯ϲһ£ʡί֯ҲеѿҪԶģڻôΰǿ϶֪ܿԶֱˣ
кڽĳԷȴǶ˵ʡﻹ£ϲԷˣȥˡ
֪ҲΪԶ¶ԸԷģҲûǸԶʲôʱʡΣ
Զ˵ʡίҪʲôʱΣ
߽һ¹ȥΰɡ
Զ֮󣬴Ӧһϳˡ֮ҲǶԼԶԶҦǽһ°ɣȽ󣬴Ҹ͸У
ԶصðɣǵķԸ
ѣȻǲ̸ұǻȥȴȨӡ
Ҷƽӳ֪˼Զı֣ڼԶһ֣ȻҲǾ쵽ԶıԹ֮ȻʱڵżԶ⡣
˧ί˿Ժ󣬸ʲôʣǰ֮ĹϵģȻһǿⶼԼ֮⣬ϵ޹أǵίԱûӣ֮⣿
Ϊʲô⣬Ϊʲô׬ôǮ˧һʱ޷ش𣬶˧ʱͷǸŮɣʼίԱǸŮûлصƵ꣬ûϵ
ίԱʱŮɵҲǸе֣Ҷƽ㱨ʱ򣬱ǰ鵱Цһ¡ҶƽһҲǲЦͶ԰참Ա˵ͷ˵ǸŮɻزˣǸŮɵĸײʲô׸ˡ
참Ա֪ʲô£ǻȥԺͰ⻰˼˧˧һû˵Ůܻܲ⣬ʰ참Ա֪Ůɵĸײ׸ģЩûнѵ참ԱҲŮɸץˣ
˧Щ˼⣬շת֮ʣڰһЩ˳ˣǱ߻һ·ɻסƵüί˸ץŮȴ֮ûٳ֣ǲһȦף
˧ڳˣԽԽеôһ£ԼһʱϣŮɵĵˣֻŮΪʲôҪƭأĿΪʲô
˧ɵغԼصڣӶûиߣҲ֪ڸô찡
һ뵽Щ飬еܾɥڰ참Աٴʱ򣬱ǿһܱ˵ӡ
ӣ참ԱӴȣ֮һھȻ˵˲ˣһԶ飬ͻرܲҪ뼾Զ޹ء
ڰ참ԱҪѼԶ򲻺ذѼԶŪ˧ڰ참Աѹ֮£Լ˼ϵıһ참ԱˣҪһʽ׵⣬һǧĽףԶһأȻǼ˧һ⣬רž⣬ü˧˵
˧һ룬ڳϣӵչ֮ɵģʱӴ绰ˣȻҲϵȻͰǱʽ׸ˣֱ׬ǧ
õҪĿڹ참ԱǳˣҶƽ˱档ӵ참Ա棬Ҷƽе⣬ڶڼԶûкܺõָ֤϶ǲüԶķڷģӼԶϵĽͿԵ֪һ˴Ӽ˧õָϼԶ֤ԵøҪ


1329 
ԶŽȥԺʲôҲ˵Զ֮Ի䣬ʵĪĹϵûԶ󲻻ַͨŪôǮڼԶ˵Բһ̰
Ȼ̰ʵԵģȨԵ£Ҳ̰ԶʱҲעһӰ죬Ҫ˼ҵǮƣȻȵԶϴ֮󣬿˴ִŵػǮߵͷȻҲǲƽ⣬˱㿪ʼĶԶ취ǮԶȻ;նֵ֧ĽͣҲеֻ;Ļһӵջпֿܾտˣü˧ֲûʲôãټϺʸˡ
Ҷƽڵõ˧Ŀڹ֮󣬱ȥΰǣΰǻ㱨һ£ΰǼҶƽı֮󣬱ǳ࣬˵ƽҪһҪʷļ飬˶Ǳͬ־ᶢģҪע⡣
ҶƽΰǵĻһӾ⣬һҪ⼾Զӣһ켾Զ󣬿ӷԣһشʡίίˣ֪ʲôʡίľ
Ҷƽ˵ͷʾһҪλ֤ʷļ飬Ϊܹٲ켾ԶɵӰ죬ҪһЩ̵档
ҶƽΰһᣬΰǱʾͬ⣬һаȥ졣
ʱԶѾ뿪˽ģǰдһְţҦȨӣȻгְڣԴ֮ͲʹȨˣȥʡίȥˡ
Զһʡίְ֮󣬱Ǹеﲻģ뼾˧ϵһ£ȴǷϵˣǾڴʱͻȻ绰˵˵źͼ˧عˣһüίˣ֪٣һλί͵͵ġ
Զһʵίѣ
ʡίһѣһϢǲģ֮ǰ˴ɩӺͼ˧ˣҸ£Ϊ֪ڹڣʡίִϢǰŰɰ
Զ֮ȴǸеһ˵ϵˣˣ
һҲеЩţ˵ô죿ѵüί˸ˣ
ԶһʱеﳹʧȥˣҶ˵绰
Ҷϵ绰󣬼Զ֪ôˣƾľԼûʲôѱøץסںû£֮ûֱӵȨǮΪץİѱɲô׵顣
Ᵽ򶨣Զһ°࣬źӵϢҲˣ˲һ³뾳¼ȷʵعˣ˵ṩϢġ
ȻҲͲõˣֻҪ˰ȫ˾Ϳˡû죬ֽϿʼл⣬Ҧκʼ˴عȫ֧ͣһЩҵĲ˾Ҳ١
˾ζڽ߳ʮʷԶһߣ㿪ʼȫڽĵӰ죬úöԤżԶǰ;ټϴԶźͶһعüίƵϢܶ϶ԶҪ鷳ˡ
ֻҪڴ鴦ԶͲ̫𶯣Ч֤еƽȣȻͻȻ鴦˼Զ󣬻ڲһЩӦάĵȶ
ʱһΪֻȥķӦͷҲһʱ޲ߣԻΪĹ˾٣޷ֱӸ棬ֻʡĵЩƫףӰ쾭õķչġ
ԶˮʣֻúȲҪżֻҪл˾ָġ
ûʱգ칫ҸθʡίֱӴİ칫ҴߣǼԶ飬ڼԶǰãոձΪ칫ҸΡ
ڽڲһشķ죬ΪǼԶ飬Զ鱻ߣζʲôԶ׼ġ
ӼԶְԼйؼԶźͶӱίĴԴٵнл籩Ȼڸίߵ飬һϵе¼·Ϸһķѵⲻʲôʾ
ֻҪڹٳϻԱܸܵ飬ɴ˿ԶµĿԼǰٷֵ֮ˡ
ڱί֮󣬼ίԱİ칫Ѳ˼ʮԪֽǸеǳԾΪڲһոεĸɲнˮҲߣôڰ칫ڷôֽ
ֽ֮⣬참ԱһЩƽ鱦Щĳð참Աе򵥣ֻǼԶһС飬Ƶı첻С
ͻȻüίԱסûκε˼׼Զĵ룬еһЩãüԶпܻƽ½ڷڽҲǽԼϵȥسӦûģȫûԤϵԶ¡
ȻЩԣ֪Թ鴫ԣ»ǲ£Щ̫µĻôûڽĴȥˡ
ȥ˼Զ󣬼ԶҲûнʲôʡίְͦõģʲô
еĵʱ򣬱Ƿ飬ʡίԱʡί참֮һľʧ룬֪ô졣
참Ա飬԰참ԱʣĴ󺹣Ȼǲ˵Żװ˲˵Լ಻á
ӣ참Աҽҽ壬ûʲôಡ참ԱĻԣһʱ߱ǽԼΪԶĻᣬܽһЩӪҵҵֻܹܸ¸ߴٶԪʵ
һСȻŪٶ򣬰참ԱҲǸеԾץס˸ѱ참Աʤ׷йؼԶ
һԶ󣬵һ뵽ԼϾԼҲأĻҪʮļΡ
գȫ̹ףѼԶڵгڼ䰲һЩ齻˳Ҫ漰˧飬ܼԶķԸȥЭһЩ飬Ϊ˧ṩ㣬ǼԶְ֮ΪȨı˽ʵ
ζŲ˼Զһ鵲壬Ҷƽΰ˾ǿʲôʱʲôصԼԶȡʩˡ
ԶʱҲ֪ĽʲôˣֻԼû֮ʲôȨǮΪʼû֯ϽԼ顣
һ̣ǲͶģȻѾ裬ǿӲĸһҪֵ󣬼ʹȡʩˣҲôʹؽ⡣


1330 ԶŮͬѧ
ʱ߰·ݣϾܲת˲Ĵ꣬ѾܼίһˣԶͬϵһ㣬޷硣
ʡίԺһ칫Ѿûжͬ¹˵ʹ£֮ҲֻǼ򵥵˵仰ˡ
ոʡίϰʱȻ˵˴ۣǱϾǽĵҪԱʡǽĹԱҲڶ࣬ÿ϶нĵĹԱĿͣӰ˳
Щ˶ȥʶѣȻЩ˿ʼʶã֮ĽǻкܶΪᶫɽ𣬲û˶Զ롣
ٳ׷ӣ֮ͨĶԹֵô壬ϿܺõѣʵϿܻᶷȥⶼǺܿܵ£ԶʡǣȻҲŴҵ𾴣ԿԸܵûյȨơ
ͳԷƽ£ֻҪеСȨĹԱ㲻ͳԷ£ЩȻԷǹһӱˣΪԽԽĴԽԽ
ԶȻǱһƽʵʡίԺѾסˣ˶۹⿴Զأ˽ʱȽϰʵǺٵġ
ʡǿϵҲǽˣΪҲǲųʲô鷳뼾ԶϵܵĻ϶йطעġ
¶ϮϼԶͷʱʶʲôǹ¼ҹˣǰΪгʱһֱǰӵģȻʱİ칫ֻһˣȻʡί칫ĳһ񣬵ʵⷽҪ֣涼иˣмʵһ衣
Ϊʡί鳤ĳһʵְְĻʵûʲôȨⷽ滹ʡ鳤ٿЭĳһʡһЩ飬ʡί鳤Եְ񣬳ĳһʽְ񣬻ֱӷʡίǻʡίǡ
ԼԶ˵ǲܵģΰǲҶƽᣬʡίίԸһ鹤ҲҪæֻܰʡί칫ҪȥϵĳһĹⷽĹ¶ˣ岻֡
¶ǼįģįַǳĹ¶Զھŵһļ尾յһԶȥᵽϵļįͨ˵ļįǸӵļ尾
Դ⵽ίԺ󣬼ԶеûԸк˵ˣƺҵѾһ߽ʬϵĽʬûκεˡ
źͶȷѾ⵽˼ίĵ飬ǹһʡǹǷǳ尾ģһ룬һȥ˾ǣټһ档
ǵﾩ֮һϵյ飬ȴ֪ϲھǳȥɢȥˡ֪ϢԶǳɥ
صʡǣԶʼعԼĴģоԼҲԻ͹Ҳʧܹ˵ǷǳԻ͵ģĴѧͬѧ֮ĹλߵģÿһͬѧۻȻǣû˲
ȻҲпܳΪЩѧͬѧеһܵˣĴѧͬѧ֪˴£һΪеϧġ
ʱ뵽ԼĴѧŮͬѧᣬᵱʱѧУĲŮ黭ͨȻѧϰɼ㣬ũұֱŵģɶҲᡣ
ôвŻҳҲƯﲻⴺȶһǸ߹ĳɫĲŻвеԱʼղҿԼ
ֱٱҵʱĵһ飬º޻ʱܵ˺ܴĴ̼ʱͼǿͷأһҪڣ
ʱŬ;Ϊֻ֪;˿𣬶ͬѧǱҵ֮϶Ƿ䵽صλֻڹٳϳͷأǲĳͷء
һʼֻǷֵΪûʲôǺͨԼŬʡ칫Ӵ˽ʶ˵ʱﵣδգǽˣȻǽˣ뽭ҲԶһ֮յļҲԶ˱ʶ
ӴˣǰǨһҲŽһЩֱʡҲʼΪһг
ΪгʱŸеԼسͷˣŴȨ˭Ҳӣ˭ͷ
Ȩյ˸еõģȨǰκѶӭж⣬ûʲô˵ģڵԱѾȫʧȡ֮ķǿԴȨѾһˡ
ʱŴᵱҵȥȻʶһ˽˻飬뻪֮䣬һС⣬Ҫ˵۵λ϶ǲˡ
һδѧͬѧۻϣ˼ʮ궼ûмᡣеȻôƺûб٣Ȼ겻ˣϳβƣȻʧ͵š
һʱﻹǸеޱȵļ·һ㣬ֻһ뵽Ƿûл飬Ǹеܲ
ʱȻôƽƺûбڵĳɾ۷ƽˮһθеĸ߹еȻûдﵽĵطҲĵط
ͬѧרһ𣬵ھϺѵʱԱֻϵĺƣһڣǿȥʮֺɵ硣
ӣͻȻоǰʵ͸ģжôߵĵλȡöôĳɾͣǰһӣȻǵǸԶ󣬶ȻǵǸᣬȡõĽĵλͳɾͣһˣȻǲΪ
еʱŸеԼʧߣǰԶʧߣⱲҲᣬҲеʲôڣͼƲˣ
ῴȥôĵźƺԼɷʱ˵ʲôϹ˵ԼҼ˸еôڲͬ
ͬѧʱֻ΢Ц⣬ŮͬѧţЦֹʣһ˸е߹ʣڿһα֮⻹ʲôأ
ͬѧǰ޲ֳһֹά֮⣬гʹЩûʲôĴѧͬѧҲôĹΪֻ֪ҪԼԸ⣬Ϳǻ񲻵ĲƸ
ֻҲееͬѧĹά̫¶ǣ¶ǵеҲƲ𣬵Ǳϻ¶ƲǵӣºͬѧǵĭӶֻǰû˿Ľ֮ҲûҪͽı飬Ȼ֪µó׹ҲҪȨ֧֣ǡǡ԰ĵ
ȻӲǰ˵Щ£̲סҪҪİæֻ΢΢ЦһЦʾ涼˳ллĹġ
еģܾɥȻ;ĽĵطԼȻгûͶĻ


1331 Զɱ
Զɱˣ
ʡίԺɱˣǰʡίԺʡԺڴһϢϢźܿǴȫʡĸ쵼㡣
Ϸһ̵Ϣʡί鳤賿¥İ칫׹ԭ飬϶Ϊɱ
Ϣ̴磬֮ûһͬģ˵һǸ̰٣ԼһҸȫˣֵ
е˵һǵ֢ʱٷ˵һģΪʲô̰۸ܵ£ⶼ·ġ
е˵һӵĹ٣ʾȻôһʱ벻¥ˣⱳǲʲôè尡᲻
˵ʲôĶУһЩߣϵĻǧҪţǲȱ͵ģ磬ȻǸӶˣڷԵʱǴǵߵģΪ鵱ûǵ棬ϵǵˣǿ϶㷢ˡ
ԶôˣҶƽ֪Ϣ̸˹ּԶʬϰͬ־һһæ绰˾ȵҶƽ֪Ϲȥʱ򣬾ѾߣȻҪѼԶʬǹˡ
ʡʱҲҶƽæ˹Ҷƽʵʲô
϶ɱҪİ칫쿴һ£쵼ͬ⡣
Ҷƽǹ飬Ȩİ칫ң㰲ȥǵġ
ҶƽĻ̰˵Զİ칫ٽп顣Զʬ屻̧˾ȻҶƽޱ飬Щ̰ɱ飬ַʽԼͬʱҲԼģȻ˸еҲ˵ķڲϼӴҪϰյĺһЩЩ޷
Ժһҹ֣飬ǵҲܴ󣬵˰칫֮ûһ̸µģ°ʱǼæ˼ңӰˡ
ԺڵѪѾϴϣκε֮Զİ칫ѾùڼԶİ칫﷢һ顣
鹫ڷ֮󽻸ʡί칫Ҷƽð칫˰õİ칫ʡίڵ鼾ԶҪ顣
ù֮Ҷƽȿһ£ԶǶԼһ˻عˣȥдúĲɣԼһЩĵö˳ȻΪеĹ˱绤ʾΪĵķչ˺ܴĹףԼҲΪĲ
Զ󴦴ΪԼںãҶƽǸеҡͷֱڼԶȻִԲΪԼûκεĴ˼ʶҲ޹뼫ˣɱд󣬼ԶƺҲҪᵽûöӣ깤̫æϾ̶ܽӣ¶ӳûһֻ֮ýзݣ¶
ҶƽŶԼԶôһøУ֮ǰ־ŲԼûкͿؾȥˡ
ԶĻ˵ǰָʹ˧ȨǮףӶü˧׬ȡʵǮƣָܵķʽȻԣǼԶҲΥͣ
ʱҶƽһֻһ飬ֻдñȽ϶̡ԭȻдǸģûдԼΣǽԼĽַȣĻһѧϰȥ֮УµȻ֮պԼ
һ飬Ҷƽ֮Զʾϣܽ⽨תᡣ
ҪҶƽһ룬ÿֻ֪ôŽأ
ûȥ£ҶƽҪȰˡΰǵ֪Զɱ£Ҳʮֵ࣬ȻʡίԺɱԶûһԱɲþԸܵȥҲԸ֯Լ飬ĸɲֵͬ飡
ΰǵҶƽ˹˵ƽԶ£²飬ܾôףһ֮ˣĻʡίźڣΪԱˣˣҿУ˶Կ֯飬ǱҪһ
ҶƽҲ˼ҿԱɱҲֹһ𣬼Ȼô߼ˣǲǸǣűߣҰ˼飬֮ٽоÿĻҪ
ΰͬصƽ˵û֮ǻҪԶһ֣齲
һ飬ǲüԶһ֮ˣ˾̫ˣϰҲ᲻ӦϰҲ֪ṵ̂ǮУҲҪ׷ȷ̬ȡ
ȻҲѵ㣬һЩǲ鲻ʱŻôֻܲĻҪһֱӲˡ
֪ԶɱϢ͹˵ܵһܴĳȻԶ֮ǰѾ񣬵ǱϾûܵ飬һˣû´ҲΪ£ǵ˼߼
ҪǣпΪԶɱʲôıǲǱ˱ȵİǲϣǵ뷨ҲǺܶ˵뷨˵˻ΪԶйء
˾겻ѣԶһǳ׸еľʼˣô˵أǾصĶȫûκ壬ǼԶѾ͸һУԲ˼ˣҪȻΪʲôҪȥֻп˲Ż뵽ȥԶǿˡ
˵ﲻеʧ䣬ҲѹǸȥһ绰ϢһԶɱϢհû˵ʵһμԶȥʵڼңԸټԶˣԲԶ˵Լɢȥˡ
Ϊʧȥϣת˼ˣԼһ棬һµĻͲˡ
Զɱ·һʱĻȻԶƺʸģ̸Զʱǻ뵽ǽĵĹԱѾϼԶı־ˡ
еĸԱ֪ʱͷζȫû뵽ԶǿҲɱǸеܾȡеǸеϧüԶһִȽǿˣԽĵķչ˲ٵĹףֻǺа·һЩϰĹϵһа·ͷҲûа취ˡ
Ȼ˵Զɱˣרŷ˱ڣҪǼԶȡǿӲֶζԸЩǨˣȻʱΪ˷չǱϾǵ棬ڼԶһȻǸеֵף
ȴǷűףȷʵЩʣϾһֿݣжٶԹǶֵصģһЩʵҲԼ


1332 Ůͬѧĵ
Զű˳ҪԶĺ£ڱΪίֹͣ鼾Զʱʡίʽץ
²ʡίոնµĵȻȥôı䣬ȴôҸܴεľģԶʹʧȥŲΥΥ͵黹Ҫ㣬֮ǰڸֿǣĽŲûôĿ죬ڱҪӿˡ
Զʵһ鸾鸾֪һֱûǸģǻûüȥ鸾Զɱˡ
Ҫ弾ԶһЩΥ͵ҪԶ鸾ҲѶʡһĶôҸܵԶû꣡
ڵ֪Զɱ֮˶ˣҲûϵԶļˣԶһˣȻʱ߼ˣڻȥɱΪٰѾھȻҲɱˣ˵ԶѾΪԼˡ
еϧʱʡίҵЭ飬弾ԶΥΥ͵
һʱеͷĿѣԶոɱΪ϶ҪŹˣû뵽ôһ£黹õȥ
һΣʡίǶˣͬʱҶƽ°ʡԺڰе飬һĸ棬°޹գҶƽ˻²顣
ҶƽȻʡίǣּʡίǣΰǰһЩ鶼ʡܲ
Ҷƽּ⣬רɵȥʱ򣬺ԭΪ͹ȥˣڽȻǳģ˿ûκεĵ֮û뵽һҹ֮䣬ͻ䣬ʡ侯µһ򾡣ȫץ
ͺ˫˫ôҸеӦ֣֮άȶҪʡίרɳУ˾ȶ˾ʵͨдľ棬ںƣбծȨˣʡίн˾ƾ棬ծȨתΪȨƸְҵ˾ֹ˾ĳʧء
ںҵĹɷȫɺĸ׳У˾񣬴֮پĸ˲Ʋ״
ڱʡί֮󣬾Ѷ뼾Զ֮佻뼾˧һ£ͬʱԶ鸾ҲüԶȨıȡȻǮûй뵽Զ£ҲǼԶһΥΪ
󾭹㣬ԶΥΥ͵ĽߴһڶԪһɽʮԪĹʲʧ˧׬ȡǮʵʶǹʲʧãֶͨȡƸȻΪкͰʡ׸
شΥΥͣ˿˶ĿģҶƽʡίڲͨԶ󵳼ûΥõľʡίί׼
ԶشΥͰڴϣȻʡڵڼֵһע⡣
Ҷƽ֮󣬱뵽˼ԶµǷ飬ҪɼԶԸ齻ԶŮͬѧС
ͨİ칫ԱҶƽϵ˼ԶǸŮͬѧᡣҶƽǼԶһ˽ܵ飬֪Լ档
Ѿ֪Զɱ飬ȻʮֵıʹüԶ˼ˣֵ̫ˡ
ʵԼԶһֱʮ͵ģ꼾ԶдǷ飬֮ǳжٽҵĴѰǰ̣Ѿ뿪ǰ£޷ܼԶĸ飬ֲ֪ξֻܾûиš
֮ǰ¸صˣǴûǴԶ£ÿһδ绰ڵͬѧʼͬѧǵʱ᲻ɵԶڵ
ͬѧǾ͸Զڴˣʡ칫ǸʱԶѾʡ칫ȥˡԶʡ칫ǸеοΪԶһֱʮġ
û뼾Զϵ˺ڵȻһƴҵֹڵǰ˹ڣӴ֮ͻᾭڻ֮䡣
ֱһ죬ͬѧ֪Զгˣͬѧۻרʲôʱͬѧоۻһμӡ
ʱŷּԶڳɳΪһôͬѧҪӲܿԶר˵ԵȻǹĻ
ͬѧ֮ĸ飬ԼһֱУμͬѧۻᣬ緢ļԶ󣬼ԶҲ˫Ĵ֣գܵԶ쵼ķȡ
ĵȻķƵƺüԶָȥңԶǰƺȻûţüԶеѿ顣
ȥôּ꣬ԶʵǱ࣬ٳϵĸüԶʧȥңû˵ϴѧʱ֮ģֻϲܱ˵Ĺάͽк֮Щʧ
ȻԶλӱøˣͬѧǶĽȻʧȥǷƺԶҲˡ
μͬѧۻᣬûٲμˣԶƺҲǶʧȥȤܸܵԶָӵڼԼûš
һͬѧۻˣȻʱȴͻȻԶɱϢ⵱ȻеȻʹģ
ѵǼԶҾһַʽһΪеѹһҲеοļԶֻѰҵԼҲһɡ
ţû뵽һλʡ쵼ѵ绰ֻϣǲǼԶͬѧһһ
绰ǳòﵱ˺棬֪ʲô飬һλʡ쵼绰Լ档
ʱڹڣڽӵҶƽĵ绰֮һʹӦҲ֪ԶһЩ飬֪ҶƽҪʲôȻڼԶǰûΪԶʲôڼԶԼΪһЩʲô£ҲģȻԶǰθʲô¿ֱû
ϷһֱӷɵУ˷ɻ绰ҶƽΤ߲ӵ绰ҶƽҶƽ˵ѾԼһҾƵ档
ͨ绰ҶƽǰҾƵꡣ֮󣬱Ǽ˴ŵ壬˴Լʲ
ȻѾʮңǿȥȴʮ꣬Ҷƽһ뼾ԶŮͬѧȼԶˣӦǼԶ׷ĶֻǿûгɹĻԶҲʱ̣д֮ŲٵĹ¡
ãҶƽס֣΢Ц
ãһֻϸ֣Ҳ΢Цŵ


1333 
Ҷƽ뼾ԶŮͬѧ棬ǷŽϣ򵥵ؿ˿û뵽Զ֮ǰѡԼдš
żԶŮͬѧҶƽ֪֮һŹµˣȻԶһ̰٣ҲһˣŵԶ֮ǰȻŮͬѧ˵֮ǰйΪܵĽġ
ԶŮͬѧҶƽʾллҶƽְŽ
ҶԶĺ𣿡ʾл֮󣬼ԶŮͬѧҶƽһ䡣
Ҷƽȴ΢΢һЦǡǡ෴ûʲô飬ֻǹϵԭŻţС
ԶŮͬѧһȻЩ˼飬벻Ҷƽ뼾Զûһ㽻顣ٴαʾл
˴ҴҼ棬ԶŮͬѧǰˡˣҶƽĿЩʵԶЩ͵ģΪüԶһܸµˣֻΪЩţܹܺԼļˣܸһŮдţҲ˵һظˣŮͬѧŮˣȻ֮ǰΪʲôдһŰ
˼죬Ҷƽ翴һţһ⼾ԶŮͬѧдţ˿ּԶŮͬѧҲǲŮдˣꡣ
Զû֪յдҵǷţϼ쵼ҵеģϧѾûˣַֻͨʽдһд֮¶ԸܹǰҾ˵һֱŶʮǰдʫû뵽ٴʱȴѾѡּ˵ķʽ뿪Ȱǣ뿪űʹ硣
ʮ꿴ôĺȴֻôһ㡣ѾǵöʮǰʶʼġֻǵǸʱǶУϲдνʫŮԱߡ㳣У԰ɢڲݵ졭
ԶŮͬѧд鲢ïöѵĵޣʱô¥ɱǰгԶŮͬѧĿһܸɵгƲȥԶΥ͵飬ȷҲˡ
Ҷƽ˿һ飬һãͬѧ֮飬Ů֮飬Զ֪ҲӦ֪ˣֻǲ֪Զܲã
ĺܸӣʵڱҲȻûкЩ飬ҲܸܵسθܣͶˣ˵飬пش
֪Щ飬ȻеЩ죬Ҳûȥ⣬˲ʹе⣬ˡ
ԶΥͰԿ䵳ûΥøգֻһû繫ֻڲͨ
ҶƽеԼҪϢһ£һӣǱΰ٣صǣƽѩȥ˺߶ȼ١
ҶƽеԼľ¶ȻæĹ˸еƣֻй˷ԶֹǰĽŲԼڵĹɺá
ͼ˧ƽ˾̣ΪŻһ飬Ȼﱻڼ䣬ӳ⣬һǳгĵܵʵҲڣȽϵ͵Ӱ쵽ĸ磬ɣֻαװĺã˴ʲô£ᶯúֶеʱϡ
ڶǣϴкʡֹͣ飬ĵܵܣĵܵԪŰæ
鷴ӳҶƽҶƽһȻüͷ壬ԶȻˣ鴦ˣеĸƺûнҿΪԶڱȥű鴦ģˣЩ޷ˣȻ͵Щ©ں鷴ӳ˳úúòһ顣
˵ڣû֤ݣֻ˵һֿΪɽɲ֯ᣬ϶ٳϰڲƽ£ƽ⿴ҲǺᣬ֯ᵹǲͬ
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˵ķӳܵܵ飬һǳҪȻڲ˵ĵܵһйϵڿӦһϵдµĻŲжΡ
ֻǸʡɲʡί޲鴦ȨǶĸɲʡίмලȨģԶае顣
Ҷƽ˵ǰĵ飬µ͵ʡίûнӵйľٱڽĵĸУҪע⣬ﷴӳҲеҪһ飬һڽĵ
ǰйȥģûв͸ǽֻǴҲ֪ǵ˭ģֻ֪ʡίˡ
ڲ鴦Զʱ̬ҶƽеҪͨһ飬Ⱥͨ˸ѴеĿĸһ¡
ҶƽҪ⣬һǺܿʾȫ֧֡ҶƽǰȲҪţʾᰵаֵ֧Ĺ
仰Ҷƽ֧֣࣬ڽǰȫģȻ֪£ǽԵȡжǾͲˡ
ҶƽûиҦҦȻгһΰǰŵгǰûи֪ϵôϺܺãҦδԸҪϵĲãʱҦ֪ºǰֳʲô쵽ǾͲˡ
פԺչ鳤ȫΣȫۼලɫҶƽǰʱհᵽͼҵθΣͬʱΤ߲Ҳ˽оҸΣ˵ļ𶼱
ȫ¹Σ˴ֻҶƽãȻǹԺܸߣ˽֮󣬱̿ʼΧе顣
ڵĶҪΪںﷴӳֻ˴ʱֻǰеһûк˵֯顣
飬ȫ֣ĻˮƽҲߣֻгѧȴǽĽںӪҵңڶ࣬ڵзʶˮƽһ㣬˵Ĳǿ¸ﲻڵĸ߶ȣĻķ֮·Ǻֵÿɵˡ
ûвᣬȫежΪֲдϣύǼ临ӣԭʱｻȽ϶࣬໥ã˵˭Ǻ˭Ǻᣬںﱻ϶ΪǺˣɾ
ȫ飬Բⱳ飬ӶҶƽ


1334 ·
һ֮ʡί˫棬һ𱻴Э顣Ӫҵģʵϼģռ󲿷ֹɷݣֻϵĴϰ壬Ļ
֯걨˲Ʋʱûᵽһ㣬֯һŪǮͶʰҵҪˡ
ڵ˽аºҶƽȡ˵ı棬ʼܵ飬µĹõܻߵ֤ݣȻΰ˻㱨
ΰҶƽĻ㱨ͬҶƽȡʩҶƽֱٿίίо˫֮󣬲ʵ֮ʡίٶְ
ΰǵҪҶƽٿίίᣬίῪԺ󣬱㰲˵жȡ˫ʩʡ顣
ڽǱȽϵ͵ˣǷҲڴǽеĹԱȻУǹԱȴεĹԱִԵĴڣȻǱȽСĽñ˶ס
ȻΪгҲǴȨգڼԶгʱڣڼԶԸǿƣϼԶ󣬴Ӳ뼾Զʲôͷ
мƵˣϼԶͬʱҲѼżԶһЩ缾ԶĽ⣬ҲǽģȻҵҲû׬ʲôǮ
Զ󲻶ü˧ҵϵҲͰ࣬мԶͷЩںЩȫˡ
ֻҪԶ󲻵ԼԶ˵ͲǸ£Զ̨Ӳһǲµġ
˭֪Դʡﻻ쵼֮󣬽ĵͱòʰˣû뵽ռԶᱻְȻɱĽ˭Ҳû뵽ģԶһĹ˾һ٣ͻᱩ¶ǰ̨еֲ̿
ʡίԺĴ飬ȴ֪ڵʲôֱǰԼϲ·׷üίȥ̸֮Ȼ߳˼ί참㣬Ѿеˡ
ίЩϲĿľǲΥ͵֤ݣҵΥ͵֤Ժٽ˫棬ĶȻûίǣǶȴ׵ġ
ºʡίӰ칫Ҵߣսڽмʮģ֮һͬĻϼ͵λûϼʲôҲˣһ˵õȮ죬ˡ
Ҷƽ£ǣ˽ɲ֮ǰڼԶɱû뼾Զϵˣ˸ɲɱһ飬ὫһЩڸˣ޷صĳЩˡ
һ飬ǣһЩĸɲӰǳΪ˶еͷۣΪ鴦ЩɲȻҪһЩɲźϸĸɲ˵ȴҲһܸеͷʹ飬¸հȥüί˸ˡ
һǣʮɲ˵𶯲ѣʱеٴڽίǵλϿ»˸еˡ
Ϊίǣǰгɱгץʮɲ飬ίǻô԰
òⷽ飬зеûˣȻ֮ǰûǵȻһ֮òⷽˡ
ֻʡίίõְҪĻֻĻǱȽ鷳ˣһ£ǲĹԱģеȽơ
ΰǳ棬˽УԽнʡְĵڶεãһεӲԵģҪ˽һȴУĿΪ֧ĹȽеġ
˽ԺΰӲ˼ҵԽеĹ˿϶ͬʱҲԽнĹҪΰǵĵǳм˵ΰҲǵЩˣΰǲĹ²øɣĲȰҲѹΰһƾˡ
ΰҲϵĸ֣һƽһЩ⣬סţǿάеȶٽеĲϷչ
鴦ԶȸɲĿģĿΪ˸õķչΪ˲鴦鴦ΰǶԴѵʶġ
ҶƽΰרǰӲ칤еμҵķȣԼҪΰѧϰΪһ־Ĵֹۣܽרעĳһ档
ڲ鴦ͬʱҶƽûºṩһҲΰǽˣΰ֪һ룬Ƚܵĵ飬ҪˣʲôĻ㱨Ȼмί㱨
ҶƽȻ֪ôԺ󣬱㰲˿ʼеĵܵĵܵڰʡҲǾ̵̣ĵصȻڽУŻʶʡʼܵڰʱṩ
طľۼأҶƽڵ֪ĵܵҲڽľ֮󲻽ǲĸ̾
Ҫ̹ϵȻ֪󻹻ᷢʲô飬ѵ˾Ͳܹؾصؾ̣Աƽƽؿ
ҶƽʱǸеЩ˲ϣĵܵҲӣ˵˾Ƕˡ
ֻӸλֱӵҪ飬һЩӲС
Ҷƽ˼˰죬ڲٰԭַ£ԭĵ鷽ȰĵܵܿȻٵȻҪķѺܳʱ䣬λߣĵܵδػϣһֱӾˣһθıԣֱȥ˵ĸ⡣
Ҫ˵ĸ⣬Ǿͱҵ㣬ʱϲ½е飬ͬĵλܸߣȻмĻ¸Ļ϶ϰϡ
ҶƽھȥûǮϰнͿж⣬Ȼ⡣
һʱĵ飬Ҷƽڷ˾нһϰ壬ϰҲһˣȺҪһЩΪμӸعʺܸߣˣμӵƸ˵ȵȣǳ
ҶƽһЩϰ彻ΪϰӦЩ߰ĶϾˣҪԼģȻ潲Щһַ̣
ҶƽһУΪϰ֮ôʵҲйأԶеȨΪϰƣϵý壬죬ϰ֮󣬱԰ҵչ׳ַչ·Ҳǲ
Ҷƽ֮󣬱׼ΰǻ㱨ֱӽϰʣýмίʡίϣĻزģмί£ǲҲûá


1335 ʡίҪ
ҶƽԼİ칫Ű칫ϵļڸǴʡίǵİ칫ˣίǱٹȥܲǰѹŵʡίȥΪʡίǣԼҪѹ
ΰЭ֯ͼͼĹͼ칤ȻְĹΪڻżͼǣ֯ΰרЭܣҲ˵ں͹Ҫ㱨ʱҪҶƽ㱨
һҶƽȨȻ翴ҶƽͷȻ±㱨ȴǺٹ㱨
ҪȥˣҶƽһ룬뵽һۼලĳûⶼ֯£ʡίˣʡί֯ȻⲻҪ
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Ҷƽһһ۵ͬ־һС£СȴǷӳǹϴڵһЩ⣬Ϊ֯ţ乤Чʺ͹̬ҪһĲţ㿴ϵڲŸ죬Ҳ˵ʲô֪˻ô룿ΰЭ֯ŵĹһҪǿһⷽĹҽٿһ֯ŵᣬ̸һ̸顣
Ҷƽѹйʡί²һͷʵĿǽùͬٿһᣬȻǿ֯ŵƿء
Ҷƽ⵱ȻǷǳףǷԵҶǣбҪٿ֯æûʱٿ
Ҷƽһ۵Һΰǹͨˣ֯ҪٿһίҲҪٿȴ֯ʼ
Ҷƽһû˵ˣΪʲôʡίʼĻԵ̫ûˮƽˣ鲻˵ֻ¿ͬҶƽٿ¡
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һϢһϾͻǲйأȻ֪ܹϵ˺٣Ǻܿһʮʮ٣Ǵʡίء
ϵ֪һϢ̴绰ǲʲô
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ֱ֮£Ҷƽʡίٿ֯ᣬеĲɡӣҶƽҲûнֻǰճÿһ˶𵽵ľĿġ
֯ÿһֵʱеͷܲҶƽ˾޷֯ѣͺһҶƽ㱨
ǲʹؽһǽ˲Ҷƽ֮ʾͬ־ǣǽٿᣬĿΪ˼ǿǴҶڵ⣬ǿġղŰڣҶһܺõǹؼǣһμǿģǵָʾٿԺ󣬴ҶҪγһ汨棬ԼҪĵĵʱ䰲Ŷд棬ﱸ飬ܽᣬѴڵȫˣ֯Ĺͬһ㲿ŵĹϣǿʹУ߶֯ڵĺá
ҶƽİţȻ֪Ҷƽ˾ڶ֯дѹȴʲôֻ˱̬صġ
֮֯Ҷƽٿʡίʡίᣬڼί֮ҲǸеϡ
ٿƿ˲٣֯ڿԺ󣬼Ҳ㱨ˣȻ㱨٣ڿ֮Ҳǿ򣬿ʼҶƽӽĶ
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ʵҲǸеԼڰʡĿҪԽԽСˣΰǻҶƽٴﵣ֯ʡί֯ʱҲһ㣬һεòǨĻԺûлˡ
һ뵽ЩͷʼżҲȥ᲻µ飬ҪǵԼһô
ҶƽĹϵܽΰǶҲǲΣֻȥգһջ᲻ٰ֧һѡ
ȻԶʱû˵ʲôǴʱҪϽỹܰɣһ뿪ʡʡͷͲûнĵĹԱˡ
ʱòʼⷽ£˱ȥգڵһܲܰԼ˵˵ڰʡǵʡȥʡίʲôģҪһУȻ;϶ҪֹڴˣԴˣҪһѵʶ⣬ʧȥĻᡣ


1336 ѧӪ
ҶƽʽжΰʡίǣμίǴмίģֽг־־鲿мίһλ쵼͵ʡ
ҶƽʡίǵʱҲаˣܲһֱȥһλµļίǡ
־мίʺҰǱȽϸߵģӻʱΰǺҶƽ˶ϯ˻飬ΰǸ߶ҶƽʡίĹ鲿һֳԳ־
Ҷƽ־໥֣ʽȨӣʡίҶʱԴʡίҶƽܺõع᳹ʡίľͼܣȡԳЧ
˵ҶƽڴĻʡϻǶԲӬһﻹûӦĸܲǡ
ոжʡίǣǿһϢ˵һѧѹҵӪͼƻŪһ㣬ѧԵľǹʳƷ˼ҳķŭýع⡣
ҶƽһϢϵ֪֪£ûвȡʲôʩ飿
ҲǸ֪£Ǹûüȥ£ϰȥѧУе顣
Ҷƽһ˵ͲҪȥˣԼȥ飬ҵӪͼƻһҲҿⲻǸǽһҪһղ飬ʲôͷңȰҵá
һҶƽԸȻЩԸǽȴȥС£¶С£ҪͼĴҶƽԽǻԽǴ£ΪֱӴͨϰյ棬ϰնԻĸܲŻеĸܣֻд鴦ЩˣϰոеεľڱҪǿԻ㸯ܵ
绰Ҷƽһ룬ָ־ȥһ绰ӵҶƽĵ绰־ֱӴİ칫Ҷƽİ칫ҡ
־Ǵмίˣ֪ҶƽһЩϸոչʡί˻ҶƽˣҪ뿪չùҪҶƽ֧֣Ҷƽڻʡίǡ
Լİ칫ңҶƽú̸һ̸ºҶƽȰѳѧУѧԹʳƷƻӪͼƻ齲һ¡
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ʡ֪ʡίˣ̸е²С£ҶƽǶԵģʱ£ýͣˡ
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򲻸ˣʡίܿǲ鵽ЩֽǧԪĽѧ豸Щ豸ֻǼҹ̲ܵõҵһã
ʡίԱ̰нǼʻЩһʡίʱֽţڼѯ֮£ǰؽֳԼһƵĿƳ֮Ľˣܹ˺üԪлߣŵõЩҵ
ȻиܵĴڰʡί˵õЩֱӽؽֳӰ칫Ҹˣʲôкȵֳ֪ˣ˾Ȼ˱ڣɼֳġ
Ҷƽ֪Ժ̴绰־ʾǹĺãֻȣһͨС֣ѺܴڵЩ˲ΪϰһƬ
ڱʡίͬʱҶƽԽĹȴǲ⣬ΪŲûоһ⳹ײ壬ֻǾ¾ˣôУ


1337 Ҫְ
ҶƽԽĹ⣬ΪûоΣ˵ӱΣһЩ⣬ǿģϻ뵽ȥβǿ뵱̫ƽٵģǱӶţһʱӰ첻Ӷùҹìܽһ쵼С
Ҷƽªϰ˵ǿú壬ڽܾһֻǾ£ȫӣ˵Ľ
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վܾ˹Ҫ󣬹֮еǳʧеһ˻粻һոѵһ١
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1338 ʡҪ
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ҶƽһתˡһˣҶƽ֪Լ֮ĹϵǲˣȻҲǿùҪʡί֯λ뿪
ʱúܿ죬ʡҪ죬ҶƽĹæµΪʡίҪЭΰøĹʡίĻƽȽС
Ҳڴ׼ʱʡ쵼ӳԱȷһ仯ǱǹӰʡˣʡһطȥθʡȥˣȻʡίίȴ֯˸ʡȴúܶ˸е۾ʡһСʡԶ밲ʡȡ
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Ҫһ쵼ӱһҪвŸɣҪ˵ĹϺҲҪŮ˵쵼򽻵Ȼһǽ£ǾŮ˵òһԼӷֲ٣ⲻҪģϾѡŮ쵼ѡɫУ̫ƯˣΪǻƿ˵ⱳһè壬˼ˡ
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Ȼף˼쵼棬죬һ㾫ϵĽӽе쵼ǷǼɡ
Ҳһַʹ쵼òܼоϵĽҲǺõģ쵼ҲкøУת֧Ĺ
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һ쵼ӽҲҪ쵼£쵼ҲҪ֧֣ǵһε쵼Ҫǵ¡
ҶƽӽҶƽ֧֡ͬʱҶƽҲҪϵ֧֣ϾҲһҪԱ潭ôһҪĳУȻܵҶƽӡ
Ҷƽһʡίʱ򣬾ʶˣڣ˵ĹϵȻϤҶƽʡίǵʡίǣȨһһȻǸҶƽӽϣܵõҶƽ֧֡
ʡΪʡɲѡˣǸʡʡίίǶһǳõ飬һҪҶƽæڿǰ˵˵ûȻ˳Ϊһʡĸɲ
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1339 
ʱȥ֮ͬ⽪һؼеίǽʡ쵼ɲУ˭ΪʡίίûȷΪϾҪʡί죬˶Ϊίѡˣ˭ѡϾͶ˭Ϊʡίί
ʡίίǲѡ٣һͲٰһѡˣ⵹ʡҶƽæЩ¡
ʱʮ·ݣʡίڿʼлУΰȫʡٿҶƽĻ֯ŻĽУ֯Ĺȫˣֻüʡί֯æ
ھУΰڻʡί棬ҶƽŻ飬߼ҲʡͬʱʡίǣҲһԻҶƽ֡
ʱȽϽţΪȻΪʡɲʹˣͷȻίǲѡ٣ܲѡһ˵顣
һܴƣǾŮͬ־ŮɲίĿǰûŮͬ־ʡѾһŮʡˣԣ˵ռһơ
ίǵ潭ȫʡľõλҲǺܸߣһеίһƣͨҶƽҲ֪ʡѡί˼ѡʡίίĿԺܴ
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ѡ죬ǳȫʡίίӰϯ̨ΰǸ߼ҲԼҶƽվһ𣬽ܼߵա
ԲĻҶƽȻʡίǣһýע⣬ΪǷһûѡʡίίǾǳʡ
Ҫ֪ʡǱؽίĽɫʡίίҪ䲢ԶﲻҪ˳ʡίίУ˾ζʲôأ
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θʡͬʱְҲѾõȷΰʡί֯ڽһɻܶ˵۾Ϊ֯λȨأȻֱӴίǵλ֯ȷʵôҸе𺳡
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Ļ϶ǵ֯ˣҶƽ뷨󣬱ǽҪýΪ֯Ϊã粻˳֯һְ
Ҷƽ粻˳֯һְΰ֮˼һ룬Ҷƽһ粻潭ĸɲ»Щƺ˵ְ֯
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飬ԼҲҪٱԹɶˣʵʵԼɣпܵĻʡȥͿһ¥ˡ
Ҷƽ뽪ڰ칫˵һĻΤ߲ͻȻ˽һһ顣


1340 Ҫũתת
Τ߲߽㱨һ飬һҪرܣҶƽȴʾûرܣҶƽθмѡ
Τ߲֮Ҷƽ˽һ˵ͬ־СΤڵıƻڼίǱߣæŪ칫߰ɣְʲôȲðţɣ
ҶƽȫжʡίǣΤ߲ǵ飬ȻΤ߲ͲӦʡίǱ߹ˣҪʡί칫߲Уûüȥ飬ڽһ뵽顣
ͷмҶƽĺܣҲΪҶƽµĵطһϴӦҶǣû⣬һȥͰˣ鳤Ǳȥһ
칫ģҪ룬ȻҪкҶƽȴǵ㵹أͷҺ˵һС
ЦǺãҶ˵͸ˣ
˾ͰˣǣҶƽͣæҶƽҪЦЦˡ
֮жίһְίҦΣҦһֱΪΰأôͽίǣһӳȫʡǣϻΪʡίίΪʡίίոѡ꣬ǲµʡίίˡ
ʡȶİǣһָɲҲǱְĳְܵ´Ҳܵ´ȫʡ£ԽԽе͹ϸҪڹȥ
ҶƽжʡίһְרְʡίǣҪЭΰǰһЩͬʱϤһȫʡԭʱֻǸʡίһĹȻȴҪ˽ȫʡˡ
ԼҰԼԦȫֵźܺõãΰҲһЩͷϣʡȨԽԽߣöΰǻ㱨֮ǰȵһ£ȡ֧֡
ʡί˵ȽϳһЩΪʵеĳίƣίԼķֹȻеʱ㱨һ¹ֻżҪʾ档
ʡίרְǵĶ壬ҪĹЭʡίճʡίίʡίרְǵĶ塣
ʡίճҪʡί칫ʡί칫ҪڹܣΪ鳤ʡίĴܼңЩС鶼ڴֻд²ſܻ㱨
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ҶƽЩ֮⣬һֱӷֹܵĹǾũҵũ幤϶ʡίֹܵģΪʡίȱٶӦԱֹ鹤ˣͬʱũҵũ幤һֱһǳҪǷǳԵĹʡίҪץȻʡǱ߻зֹܵĸʡǱֻǸ幤뻹ʡίá
ЩҶƽ˵һͨ׵Ļ˵ǾʵȨĹĵλǺܸߣʡίߣΰȻˣΰΪܼԼĹһֹίи𣬴һЩ顣
ȻȨأǱϾֻίУºҪΰ㱨һֵãˣȥʡίһְλߣȨؽСҶƽԭιʡίǣγһ޴ӰټΰǶΣڵȨء
ʡίֻһɣɲɹǱʧܣ;ͻֹȥ˴ЭЪŰɣʡίǾһḶֻ́ҪϼǿѧϰȻϺʡίǵĹͿˡ
ҶƽسɵˣټΰǶʮΣȻԼֻȥһЩĹҪȫʡĴֳȥһЩ顣
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Ҷƽ뵽ԼֹũũҵҶƽΰ׼ũ忴һȥһЩ⣬ȻüԽ
ΰһӦũ°ũ幤ãǾʧܣGDPũ岻ȶһж㡣
ҶƽΰǴӦԼ֮󣬱Լȥũ壬ǴģԼһȥ˽һЩʵҪĵȥʲô˽ⲻ
һҶƽΰǹЦ˵΢˽ҶƽЦЦ˵չŴ˵ǰɣִٲͷүͲܽ΢˽ãǽȺȥ˽
ΰһͷƽͬ־뷨ܺã֧㣬ҪעⰲȫǧҪʲô顣
Ҷƽû⣬̫ƽ磬Լȥʲôȫ⣿˰ȫ⣬ǡǡ˵Ǵˡ
ΰǵͷʾͬ뷨һʱȥˣȥ֮ǰҪ˵һи
ҶƽӦΰ˵֮ҶƽʲôʱȥҪ˭һȥ˰죬ͺΤ߲ȥȻ˵ȥҲãܲһֱȥûЧʣͬʱҲÿչ
˵ҶƽҪũȥ˽Τ߲һʼԵúܾȣҶƽһ˵һڴʡίͷҲǿˣȥһũʿҲǺܺõģҶƽ뷨ǲ
Ҷƽ鲻˽һˣһ֪¶˸ţһǿܻᵣԼİȫ³£ǸˣһԭԼ˽ʲôǲڵĹԱʵ̫ûõطȥӦ쵼вٵľС
Ҷƽ֪һªϰ˲Ը֪ȥˣɧŵȥĹͬʱҲòΪһ˫۾ڶԼʲôо˼ӵĸоܵ˵ļӣҲܵ˵İŪ


1341 վ
ҶǣȥﰡΤ߲һʡίԺſڵĴ·ϣһƤҶƽ
ҶƽҪȥһߣǻûиҪȥȴ˴γȥרԱȥһߡ
һҶƽרȥΤ߲һľȣΪĻôȥѵҪ
ûҶƽЦ˵ˣΤ߲һǾû뵽ҶƽôĹˣȻȥרԱֻһȥȥ˿϶š
Τ߲һȣҶƽЦСΤǲûˣѵ뿪˵ķȥˣǺȺһԼ¹ӳԷһԺܺõĹҿԹĸãֻΰ˵˶֪˳ҪȥǾҪȥ飬𣿡
Τ߲һæź˵ҶǣҲ˼ֻǾĻĹܲ㣬˵ȥҪȺϳأ
ϢҶƽȻǾڵ¶棬Ҳڵ¶ˣȥ˸˳ǿô죿һ¶Ͳðˣطһġ
ҶƽһЦСΤ㲻ֱӽҶǣ϶˸ϳģҪʲôأҶϰԵ̫ҪͽһɣͽҴɣ
Τ߲һһҶƽʡίǣʡĵ֣ʡίԺͷϺʢھȻи磬ⲻʡί쵼ֵˣǲС
Τ߲һ˵ҶǣҲý磬ҪвУ
ҶƽΤ߲ʮ꣬ЩǿˣҶƽһ˵УСΤռһˣͽɣֶƣȥһȦ
Τ߲Ҷƽǰһֱҹ㣬ҶƽԼ壬ܸˣʲôռ֮˵ܺҶƽһʵҡ
СΤǮûУ˸Ҫ⳵ҶƽͻȻʵ
Τ߲һı˵Ǯϴ·Ʒˡ
Τ߲һװҶƽһ˵СΤǸңұһ
Τ߲һţһţȥ·Ҫȥ򹤵ӣҶƽȴʲôҲûãڿӣǾԼЩˣ˵ֹѾ뵽ˣҪȻԼôʲôûãȫΤ߲Լ׼˰
һ뵽ˣҶƽеһñ˷̹ˣͷͲԣԼʲôˣһЩܾпܻ˻󲻾ǳ˼𣿲УԼ˵һЩ黹ǲҪ͡
ûҶǣԼõˡΤ߲æѰýһЩ·Ҷƽȥġ
ҶƽһŭСΤôֽҶˣý尡Ȼ¶ˣ
Τ߲һЦҶǣһʱĲ
ҶƽЦôУȽһҿвͽҸ硣
Τ߲ЦŸĿڹ壡
ҶƽЦһµŶȻ㺰壬⵱ҲҪչ㣬Ѱҡ
ҶƽֵӣΤֻ߲ðһҶƽϡҶƽӹ󣬱ǱΤ߲һҶƽ֧һÿͣȥεÿͣǾԲŴ򹤵ˣͨȺھǲһ
壬ҪȥΤ߲˳Ŀڹʵ
ҶƽȥĿ˽ũȻǿ϶Ҫũȥȥũ壬ͷû˵ȥ
Ǳʡǲ̫ԶҶƽ뵽ҲҪȥ̫ԶĵطⲻΣǶȼ٣ԽԶԽãʡ·ȥǱ߿һǿԵġ
Τ߲һ˵ȥȥ
Ҷƽϵרû̫ã۸̫Ǿȥ
Τ߲֮ȴ˵Ҷ壬ʵļ۸ֻ࣬ͨ𳵲űһЩ
Τ߲ɵزгҶ֣ǺܿǸĿ˹Ҷƽһû⣬Ǵʱ⽻ͨߵļ۸⣬֮ǰֻ֪ǱȽϹģΪ
Τ߲˵Ҷƽȴǰ˰ֵɡ
ʵ̫ܵ࣬һϰճоĽͨ߰ɡ
һ̶ҶƽΤ߲һ⳵ȥʡվȥ
ʡվܴɽ˺ʱڸչǴ򹤵ȺҶƽһҲ̫ˣһۿЩ򹤵ȺڶũȺڣӴ´ͿԿˡ
ũ˴ҪںʵãУʲôʽÿÿԿȥеȺڴ·ʮֵƾɣȻոչ˴ڣҲûʲô·
ҶƽǾͺ񿴵ԼĸĸԼĸĸȻ˵ҲǲȱǮǳԴûʮֵĽڼΪǴӿģǹϵĽڼͳ¡
˿ЩվشȺҶƽ٣ϵĶʮˣҲʮ߰˰ꡣǵոմѧҵʱʱ򹤵˴ʮ׳ĺٳȥ򹤵ģȴǿĳˣ˵֮ǰʮ򹤵ˣڿܻڳ򹤣ǵũȻûаĴƯ򹤵ľأǱഫġ
ϵĴȻǹȥϴͳвֺÿıŹȥƤӣװű죬ԼһЩԷļʲһζ죬ҪһЩÿıװŶ
ʡ濴Ⱥеʡ򹤵ģҲаʡǵתվٵطȥ򹤵ģʮ֡
ҶƽΤ߲߽󣬿˿ĻΤ߲˵壬ҿǻɣ㿴طҵĺܣȫ
ûũ񹤵ģʿʿҪôǳεˣ򹤵˿϶ȥǸǮȥģ˸ĻҪվĻöˣΤ߲һվʲô˶УһҲãȥܰ࣬˾òԲŽҶƽȥġ
Ҷƽһ˵СΤô룿Ⱥתң֮ࣿǹ⣬ȺûйϵȻǿҲȥԺ󣬾Ҫ⣬󣬸ʡͨһʾһطĻ
Τ߲һͷæӦȻóʺռǱҶƽվ￴˿еطĻǲôΪʲôúùһ£ϰոеãŪӪĴģ˿Ų
Ĵ֮ʱȴͻȻһ


1342 һƬ
ҶƽΤ߲̿˹ȥֻһǵϿԱмΧ۵ˡ
һ뷢ʲô飬Ϊʲôޣһ˹ȥ߹ȥ󣬱ǿվĴڵһǽǰͷޣ߻һЩƤĶһ֪ǳ򹤵Ⱥڡ
˹ô£ֻ֪ޣûлشǵĻʱվıˣһô£̧ͷ˵Ǯˡ
һ˵Ǯˣ˵ôôСģϽҪˡ
ƺܲͷطǵΧע⣬ɴڵ򲻺ˣץ뿪
ȴһһߵǰҪӲһ˸ǲɵһš
ҶƽһǸеЩȥһŬΤ߲ȥ
Τ߲߹ȥ󣬱Ƕλ˶ǮǲæһңôԴˣ
һԼ˵ͷȻǲˣΤ߲һ˵ʲô£Ҫ£
ԲѷԼ˵Τ߲ҲˣҪ֪ҪȥʡͨҲÿͿغ˵ĵλжߣҶƽλ̫ߣ˭ҲӣһСȻ˶ˡ
Τ߲Ҫһ£ҶƽվסСûõģΤ߲һ쵽Ҷƽ̻عͷҶƽߵһߡ
Ҷƽ˵ȥʡ˴һ绰˵վ˶˶ǹһ£ĲҪ˵
Τ߲һϴӦھȥ򣬲᲻ᱩ¶ǵ٣
Ҷƽ㲻Ҫ˵㿴ģ˵˾ٱģһǵġ
Τ߲Ӧһܵһȥʡ칫δ绰ȻҶƽ˿ߵǰɨһۣû˵ҶƽʲͬڳˣҶƽӽˡ
˼ң˵㶪Ǯˣ˶٣ϻûǮҶƽӿʵ
һ̧ͷ˿ҶƽĺɣΪֻΧȴûǰοڿҶƽοͷǸо֡
ãȻӣҶƽһ䡣˲ͻȻִ˵Լ׬Ǯ·Ŀڴ³ʱˣǰûлؼҹ꣬һڵİ࣬ܶüĹʣû뵽ؼҿһ³ǮǶˡ
˵ĻҶƽе𾪣˾ȻôǮǮǮ˵Ǿһ㻨ǮǶ򹤵˵Ǿһ룬ӣ϶ô죿
Τ߲ȥ绰ʡˣһṫԱͻплϳôᵢǱȥˡ
һ룬Ҷƽ뵽綫һˣ취ù˵ǮһҲĻ취һˣȻ˵ڱ͵˺ܶ࣬ˣҪһ£һˡ
ǸҪ绰綫ͷȴתһ룬᲻ᷴӳһЩΪһ쵼Բ£ôĻûˮƽˣ˱£ҪⱳУĻȻ԰һˣ˱͵أ
վͷӣҶƽǸеΰôվվȺܼ֮أΰֹۣٲǿ϶ס
뵽ҶƽԼʱܵȥˣ취һ飬Ȼ˵ֹܽͨʡίǣ⣬ȫȨЭһصĲŰˡ
һ뵽ˣΤ߲֮Τ߲СΤﰲοһˣһذ칫һˣһ顣
Τ߲һ˵Լذ칫ҪҪС
Ҷƽһȴ˵ˣҴ򳵻ȥ͵ˡ
ҶƽΤ߲ȻҲ˵ʲôҶƽ쵼̫ˣ˵һʡίǣһССĿƳҲרġ
ҶƽΤ߲ǸˣԼ߳վȻҪվſȥ򳵣ճվſڣһŮ߹ĵ˵ιסס갡
ҶƽһɨŮ˵ס
Ůȴ߽һЩܱ˵ģסͬ־
ŮҪԼס꣬ҶƽǸеˣѵסҲҪˣ
סʲôꣿҶƽһ䡣
ŮĵصǺܰȫģ⡣
Ҷƽʵסʲô갡ûеϡ
Ůȴ˵һģһ
ʲôҶƽʵ
ŮЦʲô֪ܱ˵ģ
ʲôܱˣܲ˵һ㣿Ҷƽ׷һ䡣
ŮҶƽ治󶮣ǺصصС㰡Сܱ˵ģһٿ飡
ŮشҶƽôһˣǸе⳵վӣȻС㣬ҹˣֲ˵Ǯᶪһΰ̫
Ҷƽ˵ûʱ䣬Ϲ
Ů̸ҶƽһƬ˵Ϲҵĵ绰⡣
ҶƽӹƬҴҿһۣסһ⳵ˣصʡίԺ
ҶƽصʡίԺ֮󣬱ȻԼİ칫ңȻѸһʡί鳤˹֪ͨͨ͹Լ칫
ʡίкöʡί鳤ںܶ£ʡί鳤һǸиεְֻ鳤൱ʡίĴ飬רΪʡί쵼ġ
Τֻ߲С飬ʡί鳤һ㶼ɲҶƽߵȻҲһʡί鳤ҶƽʲôҪ¶ᰲȥЭţΤ߲ߣйϵ˹
Ҷƽվһң뽻ͨ͹ŵĹкܴĹϵҪһ飬վһ˳á
ӵʡί鳤ĵ绰ͨ͹˶ҵæܵҶƽİ칫ҶƽǵĿһԲܵǲкùӳԡ
֪Ҷƽ˽˵绰֮Ǹ˹һҶƽ£ʡί鳤ҲԱߣʱҪЭ쵽ʲô̶ȣҪʱ㱨
Ҷƽͨ͹ҶƽʺãʲôԸҶƽһۣǰŮƬֵݸˣ˵ǶλһƬܲܿʲô
ͨȰƬ˹п˿Ƭ˼ȻӡһŮ˵壬ǰģ


1343 
ͨǸоЩ죬Ȼ󹫰ӹԺ֪ʲôˣƬһεƬҶƽһʡίôƬ˴ˡ
Ҷǣ⣬ǴģʡҶƽʵ
ҶƽһûлشĻ˵Լվӵ˼ϸŮƬȥЦתһ룬˵ģͲ֪ˣҿԸߣƬǴʡǵվǱߵõģ˵˵Ϊʲôֶ
һһ浽һʲô°ҶƽҪʲôⲻƾһƬ˵ΰⰡӡƬ棬ֹ˼
ҶǣһƬ˵ʲôҲû£ӡֶ£ڲ½۰һ˵
Ҷƽǲˣ˵⣬˼Ƭ˽йģ˵ڳƪûģ
ҶƽһսĿϣǹƽʱҲǺɱˣҶƽλǰʡίĿ⣬ȴǲ̧ͷȥæ˵Ҷǣҵ˼ˣֻǽһƬǲö϶ʲôǲٱʲôˣȻƬŵ˾ٱͷŵõģѾٱøǿǾͺôˡ
Ϊεǹܵ飬뽻ͨûϵͨҶƽ˵˵ȥˣеûжٹϵҶƽΪʲôҪйƵĶòǽͨŵ˰ɣ
Ȼ룬Ҳ˵Ҫ뿪ֻ￴Цֻ££͵￴ְɣ
Ϊ˸дҶƽдٱţҶƽ󲻸ˣ˱ҶƽҪٱţҶƽľٱŰҪ˵Ǿٱʵ˵ԼԼٱ鲻˵
Ҷƽɤӣ˵⣬ҿûһʶ˵һɳһ磬һһãܹ΢֪ҿȱֱ£ҸղŸ˵ˣƬվΧⲻѾ˵ôʲô
Ҷƽһ٣˵⻰̾ˣҶƽ˵⻰ȴǵñæʾҶǣЩѧǳûʲôѧʣ⿴ʣҪʲôָʾ뾡ָʾһãòã
ӣҶƽɨһ£¶Ҫ쵼ָʾҪǻʲôãѵⲻԼ֣ǵ쵼ʾţѵŶһ㶼ôܣƬһôܲ˽⣬˽ȴǲȥһЩɲĵԡ
뵽Ҷƽ⣬˵⣬㲻Ҫôǫ飬Щ鲻⣬̬⣬վطܴĵطΰʮҪʲô⣬ϰյһʱͻܵҪ߶Щطΰ⣬ƬСǷӳȴǴƬ֪ô˾վֱ﷢ģ컯֮£Ȼֱӷֶ˵ʲô˵ǵΪ̫ˣһЩڶǲܶžǾԲ̫ⱣĻǷǾͻߵǵʶͻһ仰ЦƶЦ潣ʲôۣƶ־ƶЩԼôܵõϿɣĻǻ˵ЦƶЦ̰ЦƶЦˣһԽǮֵΪ׼ˣôУ
˵Ҷƽһʡί鳤ţҶƽҪģûʲôо鲻ܡ
Ҷƽʱȴǰͷת˵վǱߵңܲãʱϰճ򹤵ʱܴϰճⲻףҪṩõķУҪãҪṩһЩˮңվƷ۸ҪվǴӯԵλṩһȫ˽ӪˣôЩӪͨǾͻ¢ϣͨҪκ飬סǲҪжߵ̣Ҫิӵļ㣬ֻҪƨȺһߣ뵽͹Ⱥڵ棬ǾܰãȻЩ˵ƨɾˣϰյЩԴһ˵ǼæȥΪ÷˵ǰͼǵʱ򣬽ͨñǽžˣͼ۵ˣûͨŵҪͨãû˷ӳ𣿻ǷӳװȻͼ뽻ͨõƱһôͼʱͨ΢ͼ۵ʱͨҲҪ΢źͨϵÿһ˵ڹ񾭼õеĵλǳҪͷԼȥվһϰһعܷ⣬Ļڰ칫ͷİ칫Ӧôܹǵϰճײף˵Ҳ㣬ֻǸѣ£ҲٹܣȥԺٹһ㱨βãҪһ㱨κٹһ㱨һ£ײף
ͨΪûԼʲôµģͷɻţҶƽһ˵ȴǰ˵ˣȻûһֱĻǾҪ֮ʲôƨˣֻ֪ڰ칫ͷûгȥϰյˣЩ˵ϣȻеÿ
Ҷƽּӵκεı֮Ҷƽʲô뵽ְʲô˭Ҳ޷ϵ
еͷһЩֻһܵͷȻˣ˶ܵǸе̯Σôˡ
⣬ͨҪ÷վΰȷʵǲӣС͵С̫࣬ǹţȥץһץصƽʱǶڸʲôҿҲҪȥһҪ¶ݣһ¶ݣʲôǶˣҲǰ绰վ˵Ҫȥָܲ׼Ļָܼʲô޷˵ָʾʹģûʲôʵ壬һֹ壬ͷһҪҪôʲô£ͺ鳤ϵòã
Ҷƽѻ˵˶˵ãĸ˵ãҶƽ˵ǹ壬ǵȻǹ壬ҷ
ͷӦҶƽҲûٺǶ˵ʲôԹУͨ͹ҪʵȨţһֶţƵĺܣһѵĸʡǣǸһʡίίǣҲҪһ³ίķپҪҪ治ҪǲһǴ´ġ


1344 ж
Ҷƽ̸껰֮󣬱ˣһ߳Ҷƽİ칫ұ˽ҶƽΪʲô˵ЩһȥѵҶƽ֮ǰȥˣ
ͻȻôһ룬ʶĿԣҶƽȥվȻ˵ǰΣ黹˸еֲҶƽ˵ƬģܿΪ
⣬˾ȻҶǵΣҪһˣһҶǿɴñѱ˷ЦŶ˵
ɨһ۵ҲòȥվվҲѲ˸ϵ˵վһֱҵĺܣüΰˣҲΣ
һ˵Σ̲ˣ˵⣬ΰʲôϵǹΣֻҪ÷Ϳˡ
ȫԼƣǸӲˣ˵Ҫô˵ԺվٷʲôǹǲˣʲôţƱӲǵ𣿽Ҷû˵£ǲ´β˵ȥúðЩΰɣ
˵ʵ飬ǲ˵ˣЩҶƽ֪йѵһ٣ͻеͷڻȿǺⷽ飬ˡ
˱˵߾ˣ֮Ҷƽһλ鳤һ飬ʲô㱨
Ҷƽ飬ǸΤ߲ȥһ绰Ǹ˵鴦ôˣΤ߲һӵĵ绰㱨һ£Ѿˣǹ˲ʶǼ򵥵һûʵԴΪְȽƣԱԸ졣
ҶƽΤ߲ٴθʡ绰ǴԼָʾưͬʱҪ󹫰رˣΪ벻ʲô顣
ҶƽΤָ߲ʡ칫δ绰վǸ԰Ҷǹעˣư
ٴνӵΤ߲ĵ绰ʡ칫ȻǸ߶æȥ棬ʱոջصʡһ˵Ҷƽ绰˵վ˵԰ʡưҶƽ˵վΰҵ飬һһЩˣҶƽпܵվҷֵˣȻôһߣǴ绰أǴΰ
һ࣬ð칫ΰΰ֧ӵ֧ӳйȥվԵ飬ҲǵվһˣºҶƽûûش
Τ߲ʡ绰Ժһֳһᣬһʡ᲻аСʱֻһȺˣΪ׵һ֪ʡˣȻ˾Ϳˡ
û뵽ۼ⣬һ۾ǿʱȥҶƽͨҵģܲʶһǺΤ
Τ߲ʡί칫飬Ȼûʵְְ񣬵Ҷƽݣ˵ĵλˣҲҪƺһΤǶһơ
Τ߲һԼֱ߿Ͳˣֻվá
֣Τ߲æǰ֣ȻҶƽ飬ǲеٻҶƽҲҪҪǫֵ͵ܳɳȻǳϾɲֻһûְ飬֮ĵλǲźܶġ
Τôﰡһ֣ЦΤ߲
Τ߲Цһ£˵·ʲô°
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Τ߲Լеһߣһ룬Ҫ顣Ȼһһߣ˵ĻΤһ£Ҷǲǵﰡ
Τ߲һ֪飬æЦûмҶǰҶӦڰ칫Ұɡ
Ҷƽڰ칫Ȼ֪ģ֪֮ǰҶƽΤ߲ȴͲˣҲЦЦΤʱ䵽ǹָָ
Τ߲æҵصⲻɷĸҵָ˵һˣ
Цһ˵Τ㿴ŵģͷһһҶҸղҲˣ˵վ£һص칫ңֽӵĵ绰ôһܸܲҽ
ĻΤ߲һ룬оѾʶҶƽˣҶƽӦûиȻҶƽûиȻҲҪҶƽһ¡
ⷽһ룬Ҫһй˵ʡðá
Τ߲󣬱ǰһ£Ȱ˸Ȼһأѵ˵С͵ҳ
Τ߲֮󣬱Ǹǣ˵һĻȥ
ȵΤ߲֮ǰȥأڵصʱͻȻ뵽ǲҲҪһҶƽļأһûվͷ
뷨鲻֪ñ֪ҶƽļأҶƽ֪ĻҶƽ϶ˡ
һ룬һңȲҪҲô£ѵԼԵذ참
˰վеļض˹һһ鿴鿴˰ҲûзҶƽӰΪҶƽװϸȥ鿴Ҫרҵʿв鿴УôȺҪһˣҲô׵ģҷǳʱ䣬һ𿴲С
˰ҲûҵҶƽΤ߲˵ӰûˣΪҪưģ顣һ˽йһ鿴أȰѵԵСëҳ˵
Ҫ˵쵼һԳ鰸ӣⰸӾǲÿ죬ʮСʱǲ鵽˵˵ǸСëһ鵽ˣ̰˽ץСëڵ֮û뿪վѰĿ꣬û뵽Աôҵվתƣٴֵʱ򣬹Աһٽץ񣬽ϾѵʧԵԪ
Ԫʧã˸жѣҪ˿ͷæרһٷ˸жԸӣ극ˡ


1345 Ů
̸֮Τ߲绰鴦ˣǮҵˣתҶƽһһҶƽվǱߵΰһϽд
ʱΤ߲ҲѾվصʡίԺҶƽ˱΢˽ãû߱£ֻҲźҶƽٴһ
ڽӵ绰ϹҶƽ档Ҷƽһ˵ǮҵˣͷǸеܰο첻ǿӲӣֻҪӣһͻá
Ҷƽһ飬û˵ʲôȵڶ죬Τ߲ٴγũ忴һ˴Ϊ˵жϣܾʹ˲ȥˡ
ҶƽΤ߲˻һȥǱߵũ壬Ȼȥȵȥվ֮ȴǿɣȻҲⲻеЩջ𣬿ͨûİŰô
һ룬ҶƽȲҪӳһҪ취ʰһ²ɣԼĻǰɣǾһԼ
ͨȷʵЩΪڶ㿴ʡţӰԴȥվҵƻһ𰸼дˣԵú磬Ҷƽ񣬶һͷţģѻµɺˣҰú֮£ǷӦЩٶˡ
ȵһţŻ𼱻ǵվվ쵼һ˵æӭӣ֮ǰ쵼Ӳ죬֪ͨģھȻû֪ͨǹˣеЩ֣ҵæӭӡ
ͻȻվȻǷǳңվվһ٣ץģҪÿ͵ĽǶȳѸĹǺãÿһֻؼҵĸо
վվ֪ôһ£Ϊʲô˻ͻȻֻͷǣָӣġ
ָӣվ˲Ҫ˵վְְӵܣ׷ֳΪùһ뵱ү뵱ӣ˭ҲԸɻվķŻԭĻվĹͷҲӡ
ҪģվԸȥҲûӦһǷˣʹ˶ȥˣΪʲôû˸ɻվվϾǼ˺˵ȥˣϾˡ
ʵȥˣվ˵ȥˣרŴɨ˵ɨ½԰š
һվͷûΪʲôվɨˣվ֧֧ᣬһӣҲǷˣô£ؼʱ̣Ϊʲôûһս
վҲ֪Ϊʲôʱǹؼʱ̣ѵ˾ǹؼʱ̣
شһܲܰãܰϸҴְ
˻վæ˵վڷǳӣùеʱ˵ǲ
벻£ʵôùˣ
վǰڲְùԭˣһ֪飬ǵԸԺһɲ׼ٽְӵܣȥǣ˭̿ȥһ뵱ү˭ɣΪǳԴʱڣҲǵģ˶ܲˣʲôվվҲʡ쵼֪ˣβã˵СվסҲѲ˸ϵʡ쵼ҵɴñĨȥ֮ǰȰɴñĨȥûУ
˵ĸʡ쵼֪˴£վһ֪쵼ΪʲôӲԭԭ̳ȥվְɨ
ЩְһǲԸ߳İ칫ң칫пյеԣ˿ˣɻ಻
վվһӣҲǷ˻֮ŭ£ЩվְŶ߳վİ칫ҳɨ
ʱҶƽΤ߲һųķʻȥˣǺܺãΤ߲ܾûˣһϳǸеζš
ҶƽһϳҲŵɲŵϢֳΪ쵼Ŀ˿еζţǾǺʧܵˡ
ҵһλҶƽһŮһΤ߲һԡ
Ůȥֻжʮ꣬һ۾ȥһѧҶƽǳЦЦȥơ
һӣҶƽǸеԼʱԵôɬۡҪ˽һЩģŮһŮһģ˵ĳһ
Ҷƽ뵽ŤͷЦһµá
Ůû뵽Ҷƽкһ֣ϻعͷҲ˵һá
΢ЦӣҶƽЦҲȥ
ŮЦǰҲȥ𣿡
Ҷƽǵȥʲô
ŮҼǳģһһ˼ҿ
ҶƽһҾǳЩϲصǳģũĻǳеģ
ŮҼũģʡϴѧʡһҵ
ŮҶƽЦЦŮܵȻѸ˵ȫԼˣԼǻˣҪϵ
ʲôְҶƽһ£Цʵ
ȵʱŮžؿҶƽһۣ˵ǲǲ黧ڵİ
ҶƽǺǵЦô黧˰һ
Ů⻹ǲ黧ڰô⣬ҶشˣǸʲôİΪʲôҪȥ
ҶƽǺһЦҿʲôʲôΪûз֮أԲô࣬Сã⣬ҪСһЩ
ŮǺһЦ֪Щô࣬ڵĻ˶أΪɵ
оŮǳȤҶƽЦŵҿûΪɵ㿴Ǹʲôģ
ŮЦղŲ˵ǲ黧ڵģˡ
ҶƽӣͷЦ֪Լʡ쵼֪ô룬Ȼڿ϶ǲܸԼݣĻǾûа취˽ˡ
˵ʱû˻˵ΪŮ˾֮ʱͻȻ˽еѽѽнˣ
洫һкҶƽΤ߲æͷȥΤ߲ʱԱһֱ۲Χʲô飬üʱؼԴҶƽܵʲô˺Ҷƽûо൱Ҷƽıڣ˶Ҷƽһ嵽ǰͷȥ
ͻȻ˽кתͷȥҶƽҲܵͷһ£֪ʲô飬ôнأ


1346 ƭ
ͷ˽ֻһһޣһϲӣ˵Լ˽˴øлƵã˽֮ȷǾˣ·˲˼ӡ
˾ϲ֮һżпһӣȥӣ˵ʲôǺöϢŵϢˣ
޵˵˼ҺнˣҲʶ֣㣬ܰҿһ𣿡
ƨ꣬ʶֶ֪ԼнţƣпҲˣ̵˵ʲô㲻ʶ֪ʲô˵˵
Ӱепǰݣһߵһ˵ֻϵн֣Ķʶ
пװǳ˵ӣӹݹޣһ£ȻͻȻ˵㻹нˣǮģ
ʲô飿ҲˣӲѳ˼һ
пҲǼӣ˵ãȸ޶нǴޣ
һѶе˵㣬Ҷҽȥ
пӿȴ˵ȱ𼱣⽱ܵȥңʱƵġ
Ӷʱܾ˵ҪôԶҽҴûгԶţ
пӱװ˼һ˵Ҫ㿴ڼҿĸſѣҲԵҪҰ㡣
ɻؿһ˵ôң滵˶ࡣ
пЦô໵˰㿴ֻ㣬ϴȥĵط࣬ǾȥҪԼһȥǣǾǵĸ¥öܰΣ㵽ҽȥҽʱֻһڣʱǰװ˷ˣ
̾ŵҸô죿кðҡ
пüͷ˵ҪɣתңҸǮ
װʵô㣿
пӵܼ򵥣ҸǮ޸ҡ
̲صⲻڿ𣿡
ҳ޹вУͻȻðһȥ˹˹ĵأһ۾ִӶһǮ˵
۾һ˵Ը򣿡
һ£һҲ٣۾ӻ˻еǮ
ƺˣҪȥãпȴͻȻ˵ҳ壬ҲڸǮ
һ壬ְĿתпӱ㿪ʼӰǮ۾ӿ˵һһǮȻԱߵһλ˵үǧǮûֻȱǧȽǧ³ҵȡǮ̸ǧ
˿˰ˣǧϾ׬ǧֵСһת־׬һ壬ԼǧǮҲࡣ
³͸ǧ׷һ䣬ôиϰ鿴ǧǮ
пϲү㿴һƭпϾУûüȡֽҲ׬һ㣬ð
ۿ˾ҪǮûһ˵ģҶƽΤ߲ڳ˵˵ȥ˲ȥϷǿϧˣֻҪȥϷ˹Ӱһģֵ͵ƭ֣ý屨ֽǾеǱģֻҪűֽӦ֪
һƭҪɹҶƽʹһɫ׼Τ߲ǰһ£ϵˣûΤ߲棬ҶƽԱߵǸŮͻȻվҪǮƭӣ
Ůһվ˵⻰˵Ŀ̶ݺݵسŮ߿˹ǵƭֱʶƣѼӻˣŮһۺͶ˵үǮ³ȡǧǮ㡣
ⶼԵĻѻˣ³ȡαڳϽǮ˴ʱһʱԥûдƭѹǰŰɵӣ׬ǧǮŮһ˵ûˡ
Ůʱɫͨź죬ʵ˶֪һƭ֣ûǰѣŮˣ·Ǹ˵ʵ۵װСŮ
ҶƽһŮ˵֮ȻûѣΤ߲ٳ棬ͻȻһվǸ˵壬ô
ҶƽôһУƭϻͷղŮ˵ƭѾǸеջˣǿ˻ûѣԻûüȥԸŮڿҶƽ߹Ϊ壬ҲǸеһ
壬ôﰡˣҶƽ߹ȥǶ˵һ䡣
һԻԼʲôʱðһֶӣȻеЩѣôأðԼĴֶʲô˼ƭԼİɣ
Ҳʶ㰡˿˿Ҷƽȴ˵
Ҷƽȴ߹ȥ壬ǲǵˣҳ˰壬߲øλ
ҶƽΤ߲˵һ䣬Τ߲æҶƽǸˣ˲ֻȻҶƽߵΤ߲Ǹλȥ
ƭӿһĻѵԼͬˣˣ
ιү㻹費Ǯпָ˹
Ҷƽ˵ղŲ˵³ȡǮ𣿸ﻹ裿³ȡ𣿡
пһҶƽ˵⻰ɫʱϴүǮʲô£
ҶƽûǶ˾˵˾ʦǰиɳͣ³Һ³е¡
˾ʦҲ֪£һҶƽϵǰҾͣ
һҶƽ˾˵ƭʱˣ۾ӺվҶƽΧ˹Ҷƽǲ£
¶ʱ˲ηѣԭһģƭӣ
пһ֪ȫ¶ˣֱҶƽȥҶƽȻһЩô꣬ƽʱûȱٶعѧУı¸û£Ȼ£Ǿһ£ȻԲסƭӡ
Τ߲ԱһһҶƽܵʲô˺׼ǰҶƽһ֣˸õʽп⧲ǰӴһҶƽסˡ
ƭһҪһҶƽǳϿռСֻһ˳Ҷƽһƭӵ۾ӵ۾ʱҲűˡ
һҶƽ˵ãȻһذףҪҶƽȥҶƽһ߷ذ׵ģ»ˣԽŲһתСӰѽһȥ
һһϣΤ߲ͻȻе
Τ߲һлͷԳ˿¸ҵվһеذ׸סǸӡ
ɳȥ˾ʦԸ


1347 
ƭϤʻ븽ɳҶƽΤ߲˳ǸһϳǶҶƽлллͬ־
ҶƽЦүƭӱȽ϶࣬⣬ǧҪ̰ͼСˣĻϵ
˵Ǯϰ鿴ģΪ̰ͼС˵ԺҲ̰ͼСˡ
Ҷƽοһ£˼˱˵ӣȫ򹤣ԼϰڼңϰԲѣ˴ȥʡҩġ
˵ĻҶƽеڵһϵʱⲡǲƶ򲡷ƶ̫࣬ũˣ˾ũ˰
ҶƽһᣬԭλǸŮ˿˵ղ˧ˣ
ҶƽȻһЦ仹ܳƵ˧𣿡
Ůȴ˵ô԰˧ȥˡ
ҶƽЦղҲǺ¸ҵģȻ˵ƭӣǶ㲻ô죿
ҰôáŮҶƽһۣЦ˵
Ҷƽ΢Цһ£оŮһԼ·ֻص˶ʮ꣬ƽʱڴǰһֱʾˣΪһʡ쵼ɲϣŮǰ·಻о̬ˡ
ʲô֣ܸ˰ɣҶƽŮһۣЦ˵
ŮЦŸҽФգʡһҵϰ࣬ǻؼңǸʲôģܺ˵һ˵𣿡
˵ФգҶƽЦһµ㿴Ǹʲôģ
Фֿһۣһ˵㲻ͨˣղôãǲǲϵĸְûдװ
˵ԼǾˣҶƽǺһЦ˵òҾǾˣڳʲôط
ФյҼڳһسǣȥʲô
ҶƽЦĴοһ羰ʲô÷羰𣿡
Фͷ˵Ҫ˵ʲô羰Ҳûʲô÷羰֪ʲô뷨ңֻҪĴתһתǿ羰ˡ
ҶƽһЦǺǣ˵ûĴתתҲһֿ羰
Ф۾ЦһЦ˵ʲô
ҶƽЦſһ۵ҰҶͲҪˡ
ФЦˣǲмɣܸ˼ǲǰ
ҶƽǺһЦôΪİ
ФЦŵû˸еصģˣǸʲô㺰֡
Ҷƽ֪˵Τ߲ЦŶֶӡ
ֶӣФе㲻ŵص
ҶƽôŰ
ФյҲǾˣ
ǰɡҶƽеˡ
ʲôǰǾǣǾͲǡФЦŵ
ҶƽǺǵЦûٻشĻ鲻ٽˣٽ͵˵ʵˣԼôܺ˵ʵ鰡ҿûϳԼϳԼɾǸˡ
Ҷƽ룬ФȴͻȻϸ˿˵˵Ҷ
Ҷƽǰôˣ
ФյҿôЩ찡ǲڵͷֹ
Ҷƽһ룬ˣǲϳԼˣæ˵ûаûڵϳֹ
Фҡҡͷ𣿿ҼǴˣԲס
ûϳԼҶƽһȻ˵Ǿ͵Ǹطתһתòã
ФյȥǶȥһǺðҵǵ򵼡
ҶƽЦǶлˡ
ҶƽФһ·˵ŻΤ߲ԱߴӲ廰ֻǶΧҶƽıڣǴӸղŵıڿ²ôְҶƽһ˶ԸˣܶԸ˰
˳վҶƽΤ߲һ˳ФҲ˳ҶƽһԷ򵼡ФЦſһ£һӦˡ
Τ߲ʱź˵˵ФտҲƣûκλɣȻȻ˵Ҷƽȥһˣһô죿
ȥ˳С˷ƽʱҶƽڴ󷹵ԵģǴʱܴФȥ󷹵꣬ΪĻͻᱩ¶ˣΪҶƽаͳȴǵ߼ȥԷФոеɣ
˵һС£ФţҶƽԸΤ߲ȥˡҶƽΤ߲ФոоΤ߲ҶƽķԱƵġ
һ룬ФЦҶҶ磬λֶͦڿģһԸϾȥˡ
ФվȻҶƽΪҶ磬ҶƽǺһЦҵ˰ɣ
ФպٺһЦ㲻粻𣿡
ҶƽЦԣԣҴ磬ԵҸģͻռֶӵıˣ
Ф̲סЦоŮְ˵̫Ĭˣ
ҶƽЦСФҲĬ
ҶƽФ̧ͷҶ磬쵼쵼ǻų˵Ͳ쵼Ƶá
ҶƽЦФսĻЩԼеʱͲ˵ֽԭʵ쵼߸ϵ̬ȣӸ£˵Լѵ߹ĵĶԲŻķʵһҲӵо̫٣ѵһ
ҶƽЦФҲЦоҶƽҲӦǾ쵼ɣȻҲһǲκεĵˡ
˵һỰΤ߲ǻˣ˲ˣ͵ŷ극·
˳ԷĵصվһͨС꣬һ㡣һ˾ˡ
˾ԷһͻȻ˵˷ͷѷϰ˹ϰһ£ȴͻȻ˷ϰơ
ϰһ򣬱ǻصһЩǮǼˡһĻҶƽǸе֣ȵϰһʵô£Ϊʲô㣿
ϰǰ̾صˣҪǮġ
ҶƽʵҪʲôǮ
ϰѣһǧǮС
Ҷƽʲôѣ
ϰ˭֪أ˵ǳǹֵܾģ˵ǶǺᣬųǹܵǮ˭Ǯʹ˭Գһ㣬ǱǴˣҲұ
ΪʲôұҶƽʵ
ϰ˼뾯춼йᣬҪǱ˾ûˣǻᱨҵġ
һҶƽͷֱĿŵˣһˣȥǾͳЩ˵ˣϰռҪη֮绢
֪˭ͷҶƽһ䷹ϰ塣
ϰһ˵˭ͷҲֻ֪˵Ǹ˵ʱ˵ɸɸģɸͷɣûҲˣƲְɣ


1348 Фռ
ϰ˵껰ߵһߵģҶƽȥñ֪ǮѾˣٶ˵Ҳûʲôˡ
ФԱ֮˵Щǻⲻձ𣬺ᰡΪֻڵӰ￴أû뵽
Ҷƽһ£طһżȻģЩ˸ĿŵԳǹܾչѣ˵һźڶ󣬼ʹǺᣬûһЩȨʿ֧֣ҲҲ̶ֳȡ
Τ߲û˵ҶƽԱ߲˵Ҷƽûʲôָʾὲʲôһ룬ҶƽûʲôţΪҪȥһأȥ飬ƱְˣҲȥ£Ȼ˵
˷Ҷƽ˱ȥ˳һأءһ·ФձǺҶƽǼ飬˵ɽˮܴӣҶƽ֮Ǹеܺ棬Ҫȥһ
سǣҶƽ˳ؽչҲ¥Ҳǽ٣СسҲǷչ𷿵زҵˣסլǵһһ
Ҷƽ³Ĵ˿ţ׼߹·ȥǱȥФյϼҿͻȻ֮һͻȻԱߴܳȻ󷢳̶һɲײҶƽ
Ϲˣ᲻·һͷīһС꣬һࡣ
Ҷƽղûע⣬˭֪ô죬תͷһԲѷǺøΤ߲Ա˵ôˣײǣ
ǸСһǴӳ˳ָΤ߲ôˣŲһҪ㣿
ôôФҲǿȥˣС
СһФգһӰīժЦѽԭŮģôҪҰ
ФտСåתСһȴ˾˵ߣС椣ȥȥ
åФһǸС
С꿪һʱݿĽγСسܿǲܶ࣬һűˣҶƽһ룬Լ£ȻЩùȴǸеҲһᣬһССĻᡣ
˵ɣʲôҶƽСʵ
СתͻȻҶƽһѵʲôղһ˵ʲôҴƳͷߣ
Τ߲С겻ҶƽһҶƽһѣΤ߲̲סˣҶƽʡ쵼һСȻҶƽ
Ҷƽһ£ؿСһ۵Ƿ֪𣿡
СһЦΰش˾ͲŲţ
Ҷƽһ۵ôţƣ
Сһ˵ҾôţܳҰҾţôˣ
Ҷƽһֲûţأˣ
˵ʲôңھʰ㣡С־ҪҶƽˡ
ҶƽһԼһȱСϥ֮С갡Ӵһǵȹˡ
û뵽ҶƽֻôСеҴңˣϽ㣬ֵߣ
ʱΧ˹ۿΤ߲һҶƽ߰ɣԽԽˡ
ҶƽԼòһˣһ·ϲðСӹҲ磬ƽʱɼôԵһСӣԼҲû鵽ФǱȥˡ
ҶƽĵΤ߲סĳƺš
Τ߲̰СĳƺżȻҶƽûٹС꣬С걻һߵվָҶƽȴû׷ȥ
ҶƽΤ߲Фյһ뿪Сæ绰ǵȵ绰ҶƽФѾԶˣǰФϼҵаͳ
ФյļسǲԶһҶƽϼҵĴӣ֮ǸеǳУڳдˣũ壬ũĿҪúܶ࣬ûô
˴֮Ҷƽ˳Ф˵СФж˰
ФյԼǧ˰ɣ
Ҷƽ˲٣
ФյǱߣԶģܿ͵Ǵûʲô羰Ҫ羰Ļһ˼ңٴȥ
Ҷƽ㿴ܵǼ𣿡
Фһ˵ԥһ˵ðɣǹͣǼҵûʲôдǵġ
ҶƽЦʲôдһˮȥǼҡ
ҶƽΤ߲һˮʲôģһȥФյļңФ·ϱǸҶƽ˵˼͸˵쵼רŹġ
ҶƽʹӦһãýܣȻ治ýܡҶƽڴͷĴһӻ㲻ģвٵĶС¥ҲŲƾɵķӣũƶҲڼӴ
Фǰ棬ҶƽΤ߲˵ͣҲеٹ⣬ԴЦݣ˱Ǵк
ȵǿΤ߲󣬻ΪΤ߲ҵءܿ͵ФյļңФյļҾһ㣬һƽĸĸʵͽũ񣬿ȥǳʵ
һţФոĸһҶƽΤ߲ľȣФռæܣ˵쵼ФյĸĸæҶƽýҶƽΤ߲ˮ
߽ӵԺҶƽһФյļҲûжٰ裬ȥЩƶФƺЩ˼سҶƽЦЦ
ҶƽûһСҶƽΤ߲ҲһˣФյĸĸæǰæġ
ҶƽǲҪ죬һǾߡ
ФյĸĸæҶƽһһũҪǿʲô룿
ФյĸĸѿЦЦ˵ҴҪȥ׬ǮҪСڼֵصԽԽˣûһԸֵصģϵŶĶأȽҲԽԽˣ˭Ǹˣ˶ˡ
Ҷƽ˺󣬱Ǿһձֵ벻ߣֻǿֵһǴƶ
뵽ƶ£ҶƽĵͱФյĸĸ˵ǲ֪ûͱͷҲûи˵£˭˵ͱҲ֪ڵͱǸʲôģҲֻ֪˭еͱ͸ǮռҴˡ
ФոĸĻ˵ñȽͨףҶƽһƶĺܶߣͲôҪʲô˰ˣıȽ϶࣬ϰվͻекҲǣҪǮ¾ҵˡ
ФվԱ߲廰˵ͱôɲļȥˣͨϰ˭ܵõûҲνָͱǵ
ФյĻ˵ҲǣǹƶͱߣΪƶõģȻ࣬Ҳһֵů棬һЩɲˣĺ߾𲻵κˣͶôǮȴǵòκЧǮǰ׻ˣ


1349 Ǽ
ҶƽЩ飬֪ʡԻעȥԺһҪ뷨鴦һ¡
ͱ飬ҶƽҽƷ飬ũҲҪҽƱգһ飬Фվ̽ӻ˵ҸǲҽǮ඼ҽԺ˸ȥˣҩ۱ԭǮȻǱһ֣ʵǻĻԭһడҽԺ˱ŷӴǵҽƱȡҵǮ׬ǮҽԺĵõʲôô
ҶƽһЦЦɣôأ
Фյũ岻֪ũ£ЩǸ֪Ҳ˽ҵǮɮ⣬ӹϸһ£ҵĺߵǱʲô취
ҶƽʱФ˵ʵĻȷʵǺˣڿʧְͱܣҽܣôܵģΪʲôЩͷһҪúһ´£
ʵũͷ¶أԱ߾һλʮˣϵĶӣϵĶӾһţ˶ʮˣ˶ʱˣô죬ʰФջϻһ˵顣
ФյĸĸһҲ˵һ̫ˣɷȥ磬ϵĶӣһûһĸ
Ҷƽһеȷʵܲңæ˵ôϵĶӣ
Фյǽ׽ԭɣĻ顣
ԭҶƽˣǲôȷʵͬ鰡ΪʲôϵĶӽԺȥͷΪʲôһܣ
Ҷƽһ룬еũ黹ǴźܴģҪ߶ũ°ũĻҪһЩһЩûФĴѧҸ֪һЩ£ЩҲǲ˽⣬Щ˱ӣũˣȻ㸯ܷҲ뷨ũϰգȥǲУҪúһ¡
ҶƽһЩ飬ҪȥǸʮ̿һФһ룬ҪҶƽȥһФյĸĸȴе㲻ͬ⣬ǵФǶ¡
ҶƽҪȥһФձФȥһ¡
̵ļҶƽԶͿɵЦǱȽ䣬ֻɵӴһ·ڵɵЦҲ֪к˵ɵˡ
ҶƽᣬФǰ̵ļţһֻһΡΡվء
ˣƺҲˣֻФߵǰһ̣ҶģҲˡ
̧ͷ˿ҲǲʶФգФѧҲϵãȻھӡ̷еưкһ¡
ҶƽڰʲôֻͷƺҲʲôֻһ׷֮ĶûʲôˣȻסķСӣéݷ
Ҷƽ￴˿ǼͽıڣûʲôѾʮ꣬ȥ廹ӲʣӲʣܿ˵߾ˣֲ˻Լ֮ɵô졣
ɵӣ˹УɼĵģȻĸͲˣôῼǵԼ¡
ҶƽͷΤ߲ԸȥһЩˮĶ˺ӳһԣ˺ҪӦ±⡣
Τ߲Ӧһǳȥ˼Ҷƽ󣬲֪ʲô£ֻ߶Լô죬߶ţ˿ԤеԼˣ߶Ŵ£˾˸еȻ°
Ҷƽһ˵Ļƺ̫ˣФտҶƽΤ߲ȥ˺ɵӳԣǸеҶƽĺ
ʱͰҶƽ˵һЩ壬شһЩ⣬ӣҶƽóֻ˼ͷһ£ͷ˿һ
СʱΤ߲ŶˣøɵӳԣɵƺҲûгԹӹԺֻɵЦһ֪ȥԣһԱǸ˵˲ã֪óˣΤֻ߲ɵЦ
˺ܲؽӹΤ߲ݹһΤ߲ŰһȴǲˣȻרŰŵȥų԰ɡ
Ȼ㽶ˮʲôģ˳һҲǼæŻҪҶƽеһҵ̫ƶˣûеͱأ
ҶƽһʣФձĸ˵һǼҲϣܸġһҶƽŭ˵ôˣΪʲôûУ
Фտһۣ˵Ҫͱ˱úǼҹϵòУϵãҲġ
һ뵽ӣҶƽߣΪɲֻϵòãôͲøˣĸɲôܰũã
ţͻȻˣֻм̵ļңҶƽʵǸʲôģ
Ҷƽһ֪˭Фȴʶæ˵ҵ쵼Ͼߡ
ɻؿ˿Фգ⼸Ǵĸɲͷİˣһȥ̼ңĳʲô£ǲǹһ
֪ФʡǹǾ嵥λ֪һФ˵Ҷƽ쵼ɻ󣬵ҲٽʲôФ⹤Ĵѧ˵ɲ˼ɵģ˲Һ
Ȼ쵼ΪʲôǴ岿ȥһ£ôˡһɲФ˵
Ҷƽһо⼸˺޵ԼһѵҪ׼
ǸʲôģҶƽһֱʵ
ҶƽȻɲϸشһеҶƽӦũˣʵǲǼߣ
νߣĸɲǱȽϾģһ˵һɲͱһ˶һ£Ǽæˡ
ߣҶƽЦһ£Լֻһߣô˵ˣ⼸ѵĵֻǼߣ
Ҷ磬Ǵĸɲǻ߰ɣҪǡФĵظҶƽ˵
ҶƽһˣȻ⼸ǴɲǸˣͿǻԼʲô
Фգ㲻˵쵼ôǼߣһɲѵФ
ҵ쵼ʲôʱ˵ǼˣɲթһթФգФȻǲһס
ҿǼߣģʲôǸ˱ɨҶƽһ˵
ǻ氡һ˾֪ԼǼߣҶƽԳϵǼôˣʲôȨҰ
˱˵Ǽʲô˭ģǾܹǣڸҵ岿ȥ
ҶƽʵȥǴ岿ʲôҪǵķ𣿡


1350 岿
ܷСҪǼ߾͸ǵ岿ȥһɲҶƽ˵
Фһ㼱æ˵ȥ岿ʲôҵ쵼ǵ¡
СѾͷô˵ģʲôǵ£ǶҪܡһФһɲǲˣյ
ӣҶƽФյȥ岿һ£æİɣлл㵱ǵ򵼣ǵͲҪˣлл㣡
Ҷƽ߹ȥФ֣뿪ФյļңФһе֣ҶƽΤ߲ǲǼߣ
ФձֹصҶ磬ǡǵļߣ
㲻˵쵼ԭǵļߣһɲſ˵еФողˣǡ
ФûǣҶƽЦŶ˵СФԺ֪ģæİɣҺȥһ˴岿ûµĻǾֱˡ
Ҷ磬ǻûҼҳԹأ극߲𣿡Ф
ҶƽһԱߵĴɲЦˣǼҾͲƷˣлл㡣
ҶƽФ˵һĻǺΤ߲һȥĴ岿·ϣҶƽĵضΤ߲˵鳤绰ίȥ绰˵ء
Τ߲һæܵԱߴ绰ĸɲûǲǴǣֻǴͨĸɲִֻдǵһҶƽǼߣҪҶƽ岿ȥһˡ
Ĵ岿ñȽϺɣͦǮģȻûǮİ칫÷С¥һЩطɡ
һ岿ԺҶƽǿһγһγͷбγӲ򵥣ֻӲ֪˭ģǴɲĻ˵ġ
Ҷƽţɲܽȥ棬Ȼһ߳һͷӣīָҶƽʵǼߣ
ҶƽʱǳϵǼߣôˣ𣿡
ͷָҶƽ˭ǵɷõģ׼𣿡
Ҷƽʵǵɷûõ׼
ͷӵǴͱǵ׼û׼͹ǲУ
Ҷƽǻô죿Ǿǹˣ
ӴĻţһƼŲӾ͸ͷӱĿҪҶƽ
Ҷƽҿôҵģҳôûҹԣ
ͷһҶƽҪҶƽҶƽһӣͻȻֵһȣȱȻôô򣡡
ͷŭǴǵôģ
һСֻǴɲĹӣҶƽ˵㻹ǳǳҿһ
ͷĻҶƽģʹҶƽΤ߲ԱһҪǰҶƽûȵͷһȭһţйͷӵȲֻӴһͷӱǵأ۵Ҫ
һѸ߳һӣֻҲǴīժīĿ䡣Ҷƽһе˲ˣεĽɫ
ˣߴˣ绰ɳīطԸһ£ǣȻûһҶƽżɵΪҶƽߵݣҴ˺ܴҶƽ£ɳǡ
ҶƽǸͷӴڵغ󣬾ֱī˵Ǵǣ
īȻû뵽Ҷƽ֮ȻµعīĿؿ˵ҵˣ
ҶƽȴңҲѣ㣬ǲǴǣ
ʲôʸңб㲻ҪߣɳһīȻų˵侲
ҶƽЦ߰￴һϷ֪ǿͻԱ
ī˵ʲô˼ʲôϷԱģҪ£ҷ㵽ף
˵ŵʱһγʻ˴岿Ժڣӳһˣ۾Ҷƽ²˿ĸɲӦǷֹģίԱɡ
Ȼֻһ³ǳ˹ȥصǼͬ־
ǱҶƽҲǣ
˵ίԱ˵ɷãʲô𣿡
ͷӴʱһߣ˵ղŴңʲôߣɳˣ
ίԱ˹ͷһۣû˵ʲôīӿҲûôкīӲһίԱ̫򳤹Żкɴ˿ɼīڵص
ͬ־ҵɣίԱֶҶƽ˵
Ҷƽȴ˵ҲأɳһˣˣɳҲô죿ҿҲҪһɳ˹һôɡ
ίԱҶƽ浹û⣬ȷʵţƵĺܣһɳȫģȻ·֮ǰһС죬淢˲֮ǻɲ˴ɲǸˣɺϴˣڻ˴ͷ򳤣κ˷
˵˴ǣȻŰ취Ϊȡ棬ҲǲߣҲ׵ˣ֮ʲôϵǲö֪
īӴǾȻ£ͷȻҲǲˣҶƽ˵ɳҲƦǰŵģɳĹϵҲá
ǼʹҲǲõģƦΪɳסߣǾǴشˣΪǸˣ֪ߵ֮ҶƽǼټߣƦǽһǳԲ˶ߡ
ίԱͷǰǳ£ڿҶƽĵӣҲеҶƽǼټߣֻҪߣƦһù
ͬ־ɡίԱһ±Ҷƽ˵
ҶƽǸīһۣȻίԱ˵ɲԽأ
ίԱ˵ôܲأǣüͬ־ȥһ
ίԱһ˵īӶҶƽһ۵˴ˣҪΪȺ
ίԱһ۵ˣ˵ɳϾ𣿵ʱɳˡ
ίԱīصȻɳˣͷһҪǴȺ
ίԱҶƽͷʱΤֻ߲ͻȻˣһ룬ǰҶƽһ£Ҷƽ˺ȥһӡ
īһΤ߲Ҫߵȥӵ绰ΪҪܣָʹ˵ˡ


1351 ֳĵ绰
Τ߲һīǸеܿЦһʱҶƽûҲܷԱͣסŲվ绰
һɳˣһˣīһЦŹӭȥȶίԱ𾴶ˡ
ðߣǴĴ񣡡īɳ֮ǿ˵
ɳĻҶƽȥίԱһǹкʾҶƽղֻһᣬûʲôġ
һī̲ˣ˵ʲôᣬˣûǧܸ첲գ˵
īһίԱ˵ˣߵһߣɳȥɳ˿Ҷƽ˵ˣ
Ҷƽһۣƽصû
ɳһ۵ģɳ϶У϶
Ҷƽ˵ûҪɳ϶ܼ򵥣ܲھ϶ˣ
ʲôʱ϶ɳ£Ҫߣɳڹɳ˵
Ҷƽ˿˵ȻҪȥɳҾȥһˣ齲ǵĹ
ɳɨһ۵Ƕˣɳһṫġ
ҶƽΤ߲֣һȥɳҶƽ˾īֺɳ˰죬ɳͷ⣬ȻˣίԱһûˣҲȥɡ
ҶƽΤ߲ɳ֮ɳҪҶƽΤֻ߲ƷΤ߲Ը⣬ɳ˵òãǿˣ
Ҷƽ˵һСΤ
ҶƽΤ߲˶ǰֻƷ˹ȥ֮ɳǶҶƽʻ
ʲô֣˵ĻʲôɳҶƽʵ
Ҷƽһۣ˵Ҫǲشأ
شǾҪ㣬ش𲻻ش£ɳһ˵
ҶƽһۣɳģðɣôԼͻشһ£˵ҽҶƽʮ꣬ڸʲôһԱ
ɳһ䣺㲻˵Ǽ𣿡
ҲǹԱɣΪ񡣡Ҷƽһ
ɳ˿˵˵
ҶƽҪô˵ͻȻ˹ţɳ֣ɳһǶҶƽúһ룬ʵ
ɳĿӣҶƽ֪ɳˣɳһǵõīӵĺô뷨Լˡ
ɳ߳ȥһ񾯹˵ˣҿֻкöҪͨѶ¼
õΤֻ߲ղڷΤֻ߲ʱкöʡﲿ쵼ֻţһһôôֻô쵼ֻţ
ɳù˿Ҳһվһ룬ͻȻ˵ûʲôģǼߣߵֻﲻôһЩ˵ĺţù
˵ǼߣôҲʶĶǴ쵼ǵﲻ𰡡
СͷԻǱȽѵģɳʱѾﻢ£˵ʶЩ쵼ôˣ£飬Ҳǽʲô
С𣬵룬ȴǲýɳںҲٶ˵ʲôˡ
ɳһ£С񾯵Ǹ˵ֻأ
С񾯵Ǹ˵ֻ򲻿оƵģֻһ˸е֡
ҿɳ̸Ȥ
С񾯰Ҷƽֻ˹ɳõһǸеһ㣬ָرãŴֻݣǿ˿ȴǷָ򲻿
ģǴ򲻿һƼ߾ȻôõֻСйüֶδ򿪡ɳ˵
СȥССһ£Ȼȥĵ죬ֻǴ򲻿ɳֻҶƽŵķ˵ֻ򿪣Ҫһ
һ뿴ԼֻҶƽ˵ҵֻǲܿ涼ǹܣǿˣǾйܣײ
Ҷƽһɳǲ˵صǰװһƼʲôܣйܣǾǱֵܾģڿûйܣ
ҶƽЦһ£ɳǰҪץסҶƽ죬Ҷƽֵס㲻Ҫְɣ
ߣҪǲϣͱǶ֣ɳ赲˵
Ҷƽһ۵Ѱɳϸ񲻺ϸ񣡡
˵ʲôұԴûˮɣɳҶƽʱȻ̵ָ˫ۿҶƽ
ҶƽЦΪ֤ǲ澯죬㱳һ
˵Ǽپ죿ɳеջˡ
ҶƽǼٵģ㱳ɣ
ûӵľڣӵִ֤û˵Ǽپ죬㵨̫ˣɳִ֤Ҷƽһ¡
Ҷƽ΢΢һЦܿͲˣᳬСʱ㻹Сʱʱ䣬㱳㱳ˣ㻹Լȥ
һƼвңɳҶƽĻ֮ˣ߳ŭ˵
Ҷƽƽصв㣬Ҹ㣬ҺʽҸ㣬һλᱳ
žɳͻȻҶƽҶƽ־ץס֣Ϯɳŭ
Ҷƽץסֵô˵ֻҪ㱳
ɳеԼҲǼˣ̰񾯽йҪһʰҶƽҶƽɿ֣ʲô
һˣɳһ˵˲ʵǸҹܽһ£ӡ
ҶƽԼӣص˭ҸӣĵطͲطˣԼҪ
ܴĸطţǰɣɳָҶƽµ
Ҷƽؿһۣصطˣ϶һѳԷĵط
ݣɳһֿڣҪ˰ҶƽֻˣֻһǾֳģæܵһȥӡ
ֳС⡣ɳ̵ͷصƺֳֻ￴Ƶġ
ûдһߣֳͷʵ
ɳһϻشǴӲһԳǼߵˣҪҪ뷨ʰһ£
ʰͷ̰źǣҺκȥ·ϣֳɳһ١
ɳ绰ֳתһڳί˵κǣС˵Ǽߣɣ
ʲôίǴ绰ң˵Ҫ쵼⣬ϹȿܸڽŵҪԸҪʲô£Ҫǳ£ôʰǣίǺݺݵص
ֳǣζȫ


1352 ίǵʻ
ֳĵ绰ɳٶҶƽˣֳĻȻŪӵģԼò׵ϸΪһС¶˹ñǿɾǲֵˡ
ɳԺ󣬻عȥЦרŸҶƽһˮҶƽ˿ûȥˮɳһҶƽߵλһܸߣǾֳˡ
˲ʮӣίǻسֳʲôȫɳԺڣɳһô೵ͻȻɳΪʲôش飬ѵǾֳԼģ쵼
ֳֻȴ򿪳ţȻȥγĳţίɳһãֳҪ俪ţ˵쵼Ҳˡ
ɳæȥӭӣֳ򿪳ţίǴ˳תɳ̰ߣ˵С⣬أ
档ɳæ
ֳתʾίǣίһ£˵Ƕһ£ҽȥһ
ίǴ绰˵ʡ쵼֪֪ίһһʲôʱʡ쵼ˣæ˵֪ίǾͰѵһ٣ʡ쵼ƤˣǾȻ֪Ǻ֣ȥʡ쵼Ͼ͹ȥ
ίһһ벻ʡ쵼ˣѵʡ쵼һ˵壿Ҳ̫˰ɣȻ룬ϲ˵̴ֻӦһ¡
˭֪һϵǱߣȴ˵Ҷƽȥɳæɳ
ڹˣ֪һλʡ쵼Ҳʶʡ쵼ίǲӦ˵ѻùһһʲô
ʱҶƽڷǳ⿴˿ô֪Τ߲绰֮ЧˣҲ뱩¶ݵģڲ¶ˣ¶ˡ
˳߹Ҷƽ²Ӧ쵼쵼ʶģλʶ
ֻίǴҴһ£ȻַŲֳصӣһ߽Ҷƽķ䣬һҶƽæһ׳á
ίǲ֪Ҷƽ˭ûҶƽҶƽҲ֪ôƺǼ֮ܲƺɣֱӳƺҶƽΪ쵼ɣƺףеЩӹףҶƽ쵼ݣȥǽҶƽΪ׳
Ҷƽһۣ˵˭
ҶƽίҶƽʡ쵼ɣΪһͨļǲֱ˭Ҫһ㣬ôֱӣ
СţίСţ׳ãίǵͷܹ˵
ίǣسҶƽɨһۣ˵
ίæίǣǴ绰ңҹȥίǱ߰ɡ
ίǣҶƽɨһ˵绰ģ
ǳίǣҶƽֱӳƺίһеҶƽ϶һʡ쵼ǰλʡ쵼Ȼֱӳƺ֣ίǣȸʡһʡǲֱӳƺֵġ
Ǵҵģ˵ʡ쵼ұϹˣҵίǱȥɡί˵
˿Ҷƽȴ˵ܵأ벻æȥɣļˣɳأ黹ûк˵ء
Ҷƽ˵⻰ȴǰίǸˣҶƽԽ˵ԽǸеŰɳܰˡ
ίæ㲻ǵ׳ͬ־ĻʵͣˣǸ
ĻʵͣҶƽһ۵жͣͨȺĻʻͣͨȺȻĻˮƽߣʵҸеǺܺãûең˵ǲǣ
ίһæ˵׳˵ǣ˵ǣ׳ίȥòãߵã
ҶƽȴǲͬصæȥǸɳ
ίǸеҶƽˣô죬˴쵼ȻίǣǾ죬˼Ҵ쵼ǰȴɶǣ˴쵼һССίǵġ
⡭׳ðɣίǸеԼýˣֻµص
ӣҶƽһ룬еԼҲ̫Ϊͬ־֪ζͿˡ
뵽Ҷƽ˿ίǣص˽٣ҽһ¡
ίһҶƽҪ㱨˾ΪίǣȫصʮյģڲҶƽȡĻ㱨ҶƽĻ㱨Ϊѡ
һ룬̰ȫصľ÷չҶƽ㱨һ£Ȼְص㹤ĿԼȫһĹƻһ£ͷͷǵҶƽһίǻУһͿˣȫû˵Ŀȥʲô÷չʲôصĿڲעĶҪעЩ飬ͲΤ߲˽µˡ
˿Ҷƽʵ㽲Ĳ٣㣬ũҵũĹע٣û취ũȺڵ룿
ίһҲ̰ũҵũ幤һ飬ǽЩ඼׻ٻˣΪⷽûʲôʵĶɽũҵũȺڵûգӵĻǹҵ÷չʲôũίǸûⷽķչ˼·Ȼûʲôˡ
Ҷƽ֮󣬿˵СŰ㽲ЩԼǲҲеûʲôǵЩûȡóЧԼҲеףũҵũĹҪϲǧһЩٴյĳɼ꣬Ҫʵǡ㱨ܸо㣬ֻδᣬĶǿüĳɼȻϵĶĶҪȿüĶҪˣ˵ǲǣԽԽҪѹҵĺʵʵʮҪʶڵ⣬ʵĹƽʮҪǲ˵ҪѾȫõȥһҪӣһҪãһ죬Ǹܵźܶ⣬ίߴʱ϶һ˰ɣ
Ҷƽһȥǳºͣûɫίȴ飬ϵĺˣҶƽЩƽʱȷʵûӰ
׳ЩҲˣзֹܵͬ־ְܲŶίæ͵
Ҷƽȴ˵ʲôһֹֻ̣һˣܵõǲ˵Ӻãһˣ˲ӣ㲻ӣֻзֹܵͬ־ôأм㣬һ⣬ʲôεϴǵģڶɳʲôϵΪʲôôĻǣĵͱҽ⣬ͷûУûӦıϴʩ


1353 
Ҷƽһίô֪һϤߴĸɲʲôҲ֪ҶƽЩ⣬ô
ίǵɫͨ죬ֻվ˵׳һͷȥһ£㱨
Ҷƽ˿˵ίǣڻ㵱дڵ⣬Ӧũ֧ǵǻ㵳һ֣ƽʱȥעһ´£ʱһȻһ˹״̬ɽϻӳưϻѲѲӣĺӾͻҴϰշˡũϰĵûȥģȥǲеģľȫسǸط˼¥˼̻˼ֵĻ㲻صίˣǾ͵СسǵǰɣҪȫˣ˵ҽǲǣ
Ҷƽһίæǣ˵ǵǵģҹûã׳̬ȻãҶƽҲٶ
һ룬Ҷƽȥһˣ
ίǲ֪ҪʲôҶƽҪˣ÷ӣȻίǻûйڱҪźҶƽ
ҶƽǸʮ˼Уһ˵пһ£һô
ʱФռҶƽɲˣͷģǳһӣҶƽ˾Ҳɳһֱ棬ҶƽһǺܾȣֽܹһҶ硣
ҶƽһСФǴ·ȥ̼ҡ
ίһФճƺҶƽΪҶ磬ʱסС˭ȻƺҶƽΪҶ磿
Ȼ룬Ф֮ȴҲǶЦФտö˶Ҫȥͷ뷢ʲô£Ҷƽ·תȥ·
˴ڣīӷ飬Щ֣֪ͷôôĳǲǷʲô£ôɲ
ҶƽФռҵ·ڴ˳ίȥ̼ң˿˺ü֪ҪʲôģпıǹΧۡ
̼ҺίǱǿһҵ״Ȼ֪Ҷƽˣ˵̫ˡ
㿴ûũ廹вٵѻЩѻûܵİίбҪ˽һ°˽ⲻʽʦڵع˽⣬ĻʲôҲ˽ⲻ㿴ǼҶûеͱأҲûеõܺõľ˵ô죿ҶƽǶί˵
ίһæ˵׳ǹʧְͷһչ˺˵
Ҷƽû˵ʲôֻίǿһЩûλһ£ͷõǮ̣ίһ׳ǮˣҪǲͲˣæҲһЩǮ̣ŪĪôô֡
Фֳô˶ҶƽϹϾģҲǿ۽磬Ҷƽ쵼ǼߣΪʲôô硣
һ룬ЩҵҶƽǰˣֻԶԶվҶƽί˵
̣Ҷƽ׼ȥίʱӵĵ绰Ѿˡ
ίæҶƽ棬Ҷƽһ˵ȥɡ
ҶƽڴӦȥίһæϵ˵Ҷƽȥ
Ҷƽ֮ǰФһ֣ҵĿһӾͱФĿ֮£ФոеԼɫ΢죬֪ô¡
ȥس֮һ³˫סҶƽֵҶǣõˣ
֮Ҷƽͬ־ұûҪ㰡ǲ㣬Ҿ벻ˡ
һʱһ˵Ҷǣǲˣ
Ҷƽô˵˵ǻˣǴĸɲ˵ǻˣȥ̫ˣҲ˵˰
һͷ֪ôˣһǴĸɲײҶƽҶƽˡȽҶƽĽӴңҶƽϢһ£Ҷƽһۻˡ
ҶƽίϢңί˿Ҷƽ﷢ּ⣬һǴ֯象ҿǲһǣһƦӣƦܲܵǣǲҪоһ£ڶǣũһѻǹкߣһĵͱЩͱʽܲõȥûлѹϰգҪЩһܺӣǺˣġ
Ҷƽһǵͷʾͬ⣬˵Ҷ㽲ǣЩûλȥһ£һǣͬʱȫصĵͱʹһδ飬ڵġ
ί֮Ҳϱ̬ɳҲЩ쵰ͷҲ˵һ
ɳҶƽ˵һصɳάһΰһЩ˹һôǺΣˣΰǷǳҪĹҸʱһ£һƺţ鷳ȥһ¡
ҶƽΤ߲غǸԳƽΰ˵ĳƺŽίǣе顣
ίǲ֪Ҷƽ飬˿˳ƺ֮󣬱̷Ըί찲عֽе飬Ҷƽһ
̸Щ飬ҶƽȥϢһ£ί˽ּһ£Ҷƽ˴ιͬСɣЩ⣬ϸߣ˶ԲҪҶƽˣȻĻҶƽˣý
һ£Ҷƽᵽ⼸⣬ҪһһдǸϰȥȼãһҶͱȻźŶڽлطãȥ֮û
ڴ̵֮ҪȫصĵͱŲ飬һҪôڵ⣬ȻģڳֿСγԵͱȫʽ׷ء
ڴЩͬʱؼίعֶԴǵе飬ͬʱҲҪһǸɳһ֮ʲôᣬȻǷΡ
ҶƽṩǸе飬һ˭ײҶƽһҪ鷴ӳصΰãҶƽͷһ
ίĻеð˺ڵ̫ˣãҪܴ֡
ί⽲껰֮󣬱ȥ£ؼίǺعֳԼֳ˹
һֳίǱһǸʲôԵģһͱ鶼첻ãƽʱôģ
ֳĪίǣһƢҲûУֻţһʲô飬ΪʲôͻȻأ


1354 Ǳץ
ֳеܲȵίǰ齻֮󣬲ôһˣԭΪͱ;£æӦţȥ
ίǿһۣ˵͸ұҳְ
ֳһҳæʾȥͰѽֳίְؼίǺعֳеԼǰ
˿ˣίǳ˵ҪǣһҪã첻ãϼҵְ֮ǰһȰǵְˣһǴΥΥ͵£һɳΥ참£ϺãҴλˣλҪһ㱨һ֮ڰ鲻Լְɣ
ؼίǺعֳίǶҪһӣĴҲǺҲǸеܴѹ
֮æʾȥ죬̹֮㱨ίǲһˣǳеģҺҶƽûܵʲô˺ܵʲô˺ĻССίǿ϶ǱˣŪһʧְҲпܵģ˸е°
һ룬еЩģ뵽ǵҲίҲйϵǸίǴһ绰ίǸһ٣ίǴʱҲ˵飬ίǵĳֻţκεĽ͡
ʱֻǸеЩȴǲ֪ô£ΪҶƽݱ˲֪ΪҶƽֻǼߣǼȴ쵼ٴУҲǸеˡ
һ룬û˵ף뵽ФգӦ֪㰲ŴĸɲФ˽һҶƽ¡
ФմʱڼҶƽˣȻеΣҲûж룬ֻǾҶƽΤ߲ҲֻƼˮ꣬˼ˣܶʲô
Τ߲Ȼ˵绰Ҷƽʲô¿Դ绰Լʲô»绰أ
ڼʱ򣬴ɲˣһФյļФյĸĸǻǼФոɵĺ£ȻѼߴǴˣ˵ôɣ
Фյĸĸһһæ˵ǲ֪ô°Фղ£ǲҪ
Фʱ˳һĸɲ˵Լģֻżʲôûйϵ
һĸɲ˵ôûйϵ㲻ȥ̼ңȥȥģϣֻҪǽʵǾͲ׷ˣ
˵ʲôʵФĪʵ
ɲǵǸʲôģļߣĿʲôҪǡ
Фһ˵֪ôҲˣ·żģʡǵǳĳʶģӦʡǵļߣҲ֪ˡ
Фʶģɲһ룬һʣФձ˵ʲô֪ûйϵ
Ф˵ĺʵ飬ɲһ룬ûٱФսʲô֮ǰȴǶݺݵ˵һ㣬û꣬·ļߣ㶼ܸⳤˣ
ô˵ԼФһӸˣæܻФյĸĸһǾôɲ̫ˣʲôɲһæˡ
ɲһܵīһƣڹʶģʲôҲһСߣĻܵһŪˣ߸ʲôߣǲǴߣ쵼զôأ
īеǳѽ⣬ȻͲȥϸԾͲȥˣøȥҲ¡
طôֵ꣬˴˴ʲôûʲôûʲô鷢ĵ
Фձ֮һ룬Τ߲ȥһ绰һӵĵ绰Τ߲ʲô£ФձѴĸɲңŻ½˳
Τ߲һ˵֪ˣõģûµġФͷûףΤ߲ǵҸ㽲û£һûµģҡ
Τ߲˵ôƶФһŷģܾҶƽΤ߲˲һˣΤ߲ҪģӦʲô¡
µ绰Τ߲Ҷƽ飬ǸߣɲǵФռŻФһңʵ̫ˣ¸ô
ҶƽӵΤ߲ı棬ﵱȻǱȽĴɲܺᰡһ룬ҶƽΤ߲ί˵ȰǸ£һϵףһƨϵжʺһҪ鵽λ
Τ߲һί˵ˣίǶʱһ쵼ָʾˣһκȷˣֱӰǣһ쵽ףҲô쵼֪˰Ȼ˵ⲻ£쵼һ˵𰡣
ίǻ𣬱ҶƽĻܴϸؼίǺعֳ绰ȥѴǸץһľ⣬˵һС쵱ǣһ鵽ô¡
ؼίǺعֳȥ·ϣ·ô죬ί˵İ쵽λʲô˼ôǰ쵽λǰǵְ˻ҪǸץ
ί绰ˣǾǰ˸ץ׳죬Ȼͱί仰ҲˣֱӰ˰ɡ
ؼίǿ˿عֳ˵ϷҪ죬ɳҲҪ죬ɲǻ̰
ɳµˣعֳͷȻԸ⴦Լµˣί˵ô˵첻λҪ㱨Ҳû˵ô㵽λίǵǾǴֵԽӦԽλȳ˴ɡ
ǣİɣǲỤ̵ģ鴦عֳǱ̬
ؼίǾǵ˵ͷȻعֳ̬ͺðˣٿˣɳʹǶسе顣
ڴ칫ͷ˯ƽʱûʲô£Ǵڴ칫Ϣһϴɣʲô¶
ʱ洫һǳŴģԸ˳ȥһһعֳĳѰ칫ҸΧ
֪ʲô£ĸɲҲЩɵۣǺ󣬱ʴǱ֪ڰ칫档
һԱѴڵɲȫˣȻһߣɳ֪ͨȥسǵֱɳʱҲǴ˹ģ֪ʲô£ΪѾίǶҶƽǳˣΪѶҶƽ°ɣ


1355 ֳĶ
Ĵɲȱؼί߽飬Ȼ󹫰ֳɳҲ͵ؼί飬֮󣬱ίǱ
ίһҶƽĻˣһҪúһΣһεϴǵģŪҶƽ
㱨֮ίǾˣعֳȴѲ鳵Ƶָһعֲ˵ĳ֮Ƿźγӽΰĸعֵľֳسﾭҡĺܣڲ鵽ˣô죿
ع־ֳȻͷҲְ̫ۣλȨúˣȴǱ˭ڿزûйֵͬ϶ǲеģԴλϣԲ͵üίȥȲ裬ίֳ͵ĺܣΨصصĹֳЩҪԭǻģϲһЩĵ˴һسǽγһȻ׵Ȩ⣬Ƹһʱ֮͵ĺܡ
عֳȻֳһЩ飬ڲ鵽飬֪δίֻòһ鳵ƣҶƽҲֻŵģǲ鵽֮ô죬ȴûô˵ڻ㱨ˣô죿
㱨ίҲǸеΪѣǺɳֱӷԸץһ飬һǣ쵼ɲСѵҲ˸ץ
һ뵽飬ίǴڰ칫ͷʼصػζͣز²Ҷƽ⣬ҶƽΪʲôҪһأˣҶƽ˵鳵֮ǰһ£ΰǲ֪ʲô°
ίһ뵽ˣعֱֳȥһΰһʲô£Ҷƽǳ£Ǿʹˡ
عֳһ룬ҲǣǾȥһΰһʲôɡͷȥ˰ΰҹǲʲô¡
ΰҶƽͻ֮뵽ڵ飬ֳʱеĪ빫ö˶Ǹǣ빫ֳҲǺϤ滹Ҫһ壬ֳҲ¡
ܿǵ˹ֳ֣һֳΰǽ塣ֳ˼Ƭ̣ΰһ£һҪ˵ʵǲʲô£
ΰһݳ˵壬ҽûʲô°Ҫ˵£Ҳ֪ʲôأ
عֳһƣСӽ쵽ʲôأСԼҲǲˣһ룬ͻȻӵͷҶƽϵͼƬ˳ʵΰһƬûУ
ΰ߹ȥһȻ˵壬ⲻ쵼ɲƬҿɶ㵽ʲôֱӽˡ
عֳ˿ֻεһΰٺúһ룬ʲôͻ𣿡
ͻ飿ΰ°ͺúõһ룬ͻȻ˵壬㻹˵һҵǼһ£ʱҲһ˴ҵĵ˵ҿСģ׼أˡ
˳ʲôعֳæ
ΰһ룬ȻͷðƬϵĻ棬űȥԻ棬˵壬ˣǸ˳õƬ̫˸еˡ
عֳһʶˣΰΰ촳ˡ
ΰһȻ壬ôˣ
عֳ֪Ǹ˭
ΰһ뵽ҶƽƬԾ壬ɣ
عֳпҲ˵пܳײʡ쵼֪ʡ쵼𣿡
ΰһײʡ쵼֣˵壬ܰɣʱֻǴվģʡ쵼ôܴվһʲôطˣ
عֳȴ˵ҲǸˣλʡ쵼ȷʵûԼרŹģ˵ô죿
ΰеͷеΣԼȻײʡ쵼о̫˼ˣæ˵壬ɱңطģ
СӻطҪطǹ־û¸ˣֵĻҲϲ£Ǵˣȴڹְɣ㱨һ£ôҪǣ֣͸ˡعֳΰһۣҲǺչ˵˵
ΰһɵۣƽʱϲųسֱײû˸˭֪ײʲôʡ쵼ôĽ
عֳίȥ㱨ΰײҶƽ½һ¡ίһǸе⼬ˣҪ˵˵Ҳ󣬵һǣʡ쵼ˣǾǴˣƽ֮䣬С׸㲻ʲôʡ쵼ǵĶ࣬ΰǺľͻʡ쵼еɣرΰǹֳݵ飬¸ʡ쵼ġ
һ뵽ίȫüͷŸҶƽ㱨أ˵ΰһӪҵңǮĴNɪСĳײˣ
ίȥöᣬֳģô죬ô죬ûоعֳҲ޷ȡһĹ
ʱҶƽϢţΤ߲ȹ㱨˴Ǻɳץ飬һǱץǸеͷˣֻ鲻ܾ££ǾûˣһʡίǾΪץһС𣿴ЦؼҪ͸󿴱ʣεС
һ룬ȵϢ֮⻹ίһйȡһǵĻ㱨Ȼ⽲һ顣
ίǽӵ֪ͨҶƽϢĵطҶƽί׼ȥﱨȻһҶƽϢҡ
һҶƽ˵ͷʾ£ҶƽԱߣίԶҶƽ
Ҷƽһʵôˣ
ί̻شǺɳؼίܵˣһûʲôǼв鴦
Ҷƽ˵ͷʵƵ²ôˣ
ίǼæƵҲǲˣһΰӪҵҿĳ䲻ʮҵӡ
ӪҵңҶƽе㲻ŵӣ˵ǸӪҵңʲôģ
ίһ˵Ǵ·زİɣȽϴ󡣡
ҶƽһǲصʲôǺǵ׵˵ıӪҵҪǸʲôģʲôᱳЩֻһʲô壿̰ȥ顣
ίһҶƽð˺ûҶƽ㱨ȫ氡ҪҶƽ֪ΰعֳĶӿô죿еԼЩʧˣǴʱֻٰȥˡ


1356 ̸
Ҷƽίȥȥٵΰ飬ת˵ͬ־һκСΤ˲кרطֱطҪ˽һũũҵĹȺΰͬ־Ҳ˽̸ЩԼȥܰ˽Ծ͹ˣûر⡣أ֮󣬷һЩ̸һ̸ίǣȻֹũҵũĹҪȫ֣Ҫ֪̰壬ҪʵĻҪ̸һ̸
ҶƽϢ֮󣬱ź⹵ͨһ£ĿȻһЩ⽲һʲô뷨ΪҶƽкǲģԳеģᣬԱһ£ⲻҪʲôǺ͵ģ²ˣ⡣
һæ˵ҶܵطǶǳй֧֣ҶʲôָʾǻʵģԲκε뷨һжΪ˹Щûãһǿġ
ҶƽǰȻ˵Լʲô뷨Ҫ˻ӭҶƽط˼Ȼľ뷨ʲôҶƽҲǲٶ˵ˣٳϵĿʱǱģһҶƽĻϵģȷʵû˼ûԳе˼Ȼǰ
˳ʡҲӦʲôˣҶƽǷ룬Ҫһ£Ұΰ˵˳Ⲣһ˵˼
Ļ֮Ҷƽǽ˵һ·ʡǹ˺ܶ⣬һһûк㽲뵽˳ٺ㽲ģڻǺ㽲˰ɣǾǳվܱߵĻϲ⣬һΰ˴ųǹֵܾȡʲôѣҿһ⣬Щ֪ܲ㲻ȥ˽Щ飬ǳ˵ǵķӳƳ⣬ðóǹܾȡѣһΰ⣬ʵϷӳǹϴڵä㣬ϰյκܿشﵽǾһĹؼýһ棬Ȼһأûܷӳȥڿ˵ŷþ֣ǵڲΣϰѹ淴ӳô죿ǾҪǵڵĿԡҷӳֻһ棬οٵҪִЩⶼҪȥо
Ҷƽ⽲һ£֮ǰûüûֻ£ǽⷴӳı֮һû뵽ҶƽڳбǷˣֻû˵ѣ֮󣬱æ̬Ҷǣ˵ķǳԣûнӵйطķӳûнӵӳһȥһ£ĸڳ⣬Ҫ׷һֵע⣬ǾǷǵһע֮ܵõϰշӳ⣬ֻһַӳȻһֲôʱ;ȡӳ⣬ϰպͬ־ԣһʾ˲ܽҲǿǺܾˡ
Ҷƽͷͬ־˵ķǳ԰һֵľ޵ģֻһڹһҪҪƣͬ־ҲҪڸʧְˣҪʱ鴦ȷת˳֮ںöҪȥȥ˼ǧڱˡǺɳ飬ҲǷӳ˻ڵ⣬ʲôǲܣôϴǵҪúõؿһ£ίѡûоΣɳû£ⶼǷӳǹڵһЩ⣬ǵ֯·ûƫ֮ǰһС죬ô뵽ǵڵģҪ׷飬Ҫ׷𣬲׷Ժ󻹻ˣҪ֤ǵĶĴడ̨ϴɲϰջô룿Ҫ˼
˸еźҲˣǵģǣ֯·ߵأϸߣǴˣȻڲٺ͹ȥһ׵ϸߣЩ㲻ϸߣǾǲеģǻ˵˼ҵģϸҲһġ
ҶƽҲЩѹˣǵ㵽Ϊֹ֪һǿ㵳齨Ҫԣǿ㵳֯Ľ裬һЩίǳ˼άģʽӻ㵳֯Ľ裬һЩõķӻ뵽ԱɲˣȥĹͻЩ˸ѳˣϰյǵòάҪи߶ȵľ
оҶƽʶǳ̣ҲǴʶ⣬ҶƽʡίרְǣץģȻҪע۲ͷ֯ҶƽпܾʹΰǵܲӰ
һ̬˵Ҷǣ׼ٿһλ㵳֯蹤飬ȫеĻ㵳֯һŲ飬һǰŶˣԴһЩ˳˵Աɲ
ҶƽԼоɣȺڹڼǿ㵳֯ͬʱҲҪעǿȺڹ˾ȺڹãʵֻҪǹҵĺ߸ʵλˣһܺõȺڹͱҽƵȷĹȺϢϢص飬ⷽλΪϰ룬ȺڹȻͻܺڵͱķŲ淶ũҽһЩ©ⶼҪȥĶֻҪⷽ湤ˣȺھͻǣϿǣȺڹͻгЧ
ҶƽĻͷʾͷȥô⣬Ⱥڹ
˵Żίǳȥϵֳһô죬ҶƽҪṩΰıʲôӪҵңһܴⰡ
ΰȻ˵⣬ǳΪӪҵұЩЦΰȷʵҵƺӪҵڷ泡ҲǿԵģȻҶƽǰȴͨˣڵ׸ôҶƽ㱨
ҶƽĻ֮ʵһ۾Ϳίûкܺõذ˵ţ˻Ӫҵңһ٣СҪôǻģҪôǸĸţƹԱĹӣھȻ㱨ӪҵңЩˡ
ȥԺô壬л㱨ίǻǲʵ㱨Ļ뷨һһصίȨǳ󣬶ίǵȨֱӵģȨеУʡίȻλܸߣȨܴ󣬵ǻֱӸִģίȴǿԣҪʲô£ûԼĻȨûб߽ģһصίǷǳҪ˲ϸ񣬾Ͳίһְ
аСʱί۷ʱҶƽ̸Ҳǲ࣬ǿ˿ٻ㱨һ¡


1357 ٿ
ίǰҶƽһ£һεı浱Уǰΰı˳κεˣֻʵˡ
һӣҶƽû˵Ҳ˵ѵͷ֪ô
ίǽԺ󣬿Ҷƽ֪Ҷƽʱ飬˵ƽͷ̴һ£ΰǮû丸ȨҪ˵ǮȫԼ׬ģҵ˼𣿡
ίһ̴Ӧǣȥô¡
˵㣬룬Ӵ
ί̵ͷӦȻҶƽһǣȥŴˡȵίˣҶƽҶǣͷǵһл㱨
Ҷƽʱſ˿ڣ˵Щͬ־ôԣԸȥһЩ˵飬ΰҡУģͬ־֪ˣǾͲȡһЩжǵҪϼ쵼עŲȥȡһЩʩ˵ⲻǹΪʲôȥȡʩƺȱһ˼άʶ
Ҷƽһͷǣʾһһ⣬ȷһЩΣȺ鲻֡
شһ죬˵ڶ죬Ҷƽȥȥ˳УȻ˳óĹԱ֪ˣͲȥڳӲһ¹ɡ
ʱҶƽ鴫ʡȥˣ֪飬Ȼһ£Ȼȥһ绰һ
֮ԭǴĹϵ˫ദĻԣһ绰Ҷƽһ¡
Ҷƽ˳֮˲ٵ⣬еһҶƽһЩ飬ǣɣŪʲô쵼ûˡ
ֻһ룬ͰҪöҶƽĽӴҶƽҪȥ
ʹ˵ҲᰴҶƽҪȥǿһ£ȻæӦ
Ҷƽ֮齳Ƶ꣬쵼֪ʡίˣȻǱȽϽţҶƽǸʲôΪʲô֮ǰû֪ͨôһͻȻˣ
ص̰֮мίǺйֳйǲһ³վȡѵôһ£Ƕǳǹֵܾˡ
ίǺ͹ֳһ֪ΪʲôͻȻʴ£ǲоٱˡ̫ӵӣһ£ǵʡίҶƽǳˣֵģҷֵģһôһ㱨
һ˲ʶͬСɣȻʡίǷˣҪȥ¡
뿪İ칫֮󣬱һȥ顣ڳ̾һЩЩͨϵ˳ǹֵܾĶ飬Ϊ˳ǹֵܾʱ
ΪǹܾʱԺ󣬳ǹֵܾĹˣЩһû˸ҲģһǹֶܾС̯СȡѵһֻһֻˡС̯Сŭԡ
мίй֣鵽Ժ̲ȡжֵ˰ЩȡѵĶŻһ򾡣ͬʱίԱĹˣһĳǹֳܾ˫
ȻҶƽ뿪֮ˣǴЩ֮ȥʡҶƽ㱨飬غͳдĴȫҶƽ㱨һ顣
Ҷƽڻصʡ֮дһݱ棬ΰǵһҪǿũ֯Ľ裬һ⣬ܺӲܡ
һǹֺȺ飬ǵͱҽƵʹãȡѵΪһֺȺ£ҪĴЩֺȺΪ
ҶƽۺϾΰ㽨飬ΰǿ֮ʾҶƽټزŹͬо£óηύʡίί飬ȫʡչжץ顣
ΰǵͬ⣬Ҷƽټйزŵĸˣũҵģйģģ֯ģģйصĲŸ˶йоˡ
Ҷƽǽй֮󣬾Ƿǳؽ⣬ԵͱҽƵ⣬רŵ쵼˵ûоְ𣬰Ѻ°ãѺ°ϰղ˵¡
쵼ҶƽĻ֮ǸеȻɫѸɣܵʡ쵼ζʲôǺģ밵иǵ£Ǿлˡ
֮ҶƽóһοչһҾͿʼ
鿪죬Ҷƽֿһţ˵˱һҽԺרŹ˼ֵƵԶ˴ҵɣһҽԺΪʲôҪԶ
öѱǿʼɣҽԺڲҽҲʾԶûκôҽԺͷɹһЩ豸۸Ǹߵףÿ궼ɹһЩ˼˷ѣȻȺڶҽƷǳ⣬ڿ⣬ҽԺΪʲôͳɱȺڿķãȥ˷ҽԺʽһЩõĶ
ԭǲģ˭ҪЩ϶ҽԺ쵼ҪģҽԺ쵼ΪʲôҪָ߼۵Ķôһ׷ʣƺˣԻؿƺһеĹҩҪԻؿۣ߼豸أ
Ⱥڵ۾ѩģҶƽϿϢ󣬾ǸеЩԴ¿ˣڷ̬ôȻͶȡȡôɴ˿ɼ֮ǰǶôĲҩ۹Ʒѹ󲻾ɵ𣿶˭˺ôأôһС
Ҷƽ̰ʾʡίȥ⣬Ӧڵɣذҽѹȥ
ʾ֮ҶƽټҵĻϽ⣬רƽʱμҽԺģûоΣҽԺڳì֮ܽأӦԵģ
ʵƿԣҶƽ֪ϴǲģûץסǰҪìܣΪʲôôѿòΪʲô«ưؼûץסĹؼĹؼҽԺЩǣûǹܺãֻҪܺǣҽԺЩ
кҲִеģ˽̫أкõҲۿۣǻԼıȡߣʴҵĺߣȺܵʧ
Ҷƽڻרŵ⣬ԺҪץҪ⣬ҪìܣصǹЩҽԺԺǣиɹЩԱɹԱԺҪϼǸһѣܱ֤ɹҩƷмûۡ
֯ҪǿЩɲĹܷȫԼ˵㣬ҪʵԵĹලʩ


1358 Фյļ
ҶƽٿԺ󣬱һηηķǳȫ棬Ȼύʡίίͨ
ʡίڽӵϱϢʾ֮󣬱ǿչ˵鹤һ飬ǽԶ豸ҽԺԺץ
ҽԺԺҲǱȽϵùǸոյԺԭθԺû̵̫ˮһ֮󣬱ǿʼǮҪǮҪĿ˱㿪ʼ߼۹豸֪ĸ⣬߼ԶҲ߲ܣ˶Էĸ߶ؿۣǰԶҲ
ڲְĲεԺʵ̫̰ˣýоٱýע⡣ýһȻ£Ǹع˳ôҸˡ
һԺԭΣʡί˹е飬־ٱԺĲϺܶ࣬̽˫棬Ժ˻¸ٶԪ˵Ʒˡ
Ҷƽյʡίı֮Ҳûж˵ʲôһҪĳ֣ȷԸܵĸѹ̬Ʋ仯
ФմӼصʡ֮ҶƽһʲôȻǺܿ͸ˣ֪Ҷƽľ֣Ͱͬ½һͬһ˵һ
ФվЦЦûж˵ʲôһӣͻȻӵһ绰˵ʡί֯ˣ쵼һ£ʡί֯ȥһˡ
ФͻȻӵ绰еʱһ벻ʲôթƭĵ绰ɣʡί֯绰еһ־Ӹµ̬ƣֿģ٣Ҫȥһʡί֯һûȥʡίԺء
ѧҵҲԱûпϣȥʡίԺһȵٿһԡ
ФԼһʡίԺһʡί֯ʲôʡίԺſڣסˣ˵ʡί֯ϵһ¸绰ˣ˽ȥ
ȥ֮󣬸ݸ绰ָʾҵʡί֯ĵص㡣֮󣬾ͼһ˳ӭЦݡ
Фæѣʡί֯Ȼһ־ĸоʹͨҲˡ
˽쵽ʡί֯һ칫ҡȻһˣ˽֮󣬱ȥˡ
˿Ф֮һЦʲô֣ˣѧʲôרҵФռæشͷǳš
Щ֮˶˵СФǽһЩɲרҵϰ࣬Ƚ½죡
ФһȻ˵쵼ҹǵϰģ߲ʡί֯𣿡
˵ǰʡί֯ôˣ
Фղŵصʡί֯ôʸϰడ
ЦУϾ㵽ϰˣˣСȥɲǰĹ
ФղԼĶ䣬ְ˸˹ФȥФһͷˮǵߵʱȴװһСФ򽪲ʸð
ФȻһ⻰ŶһȻЦЦ˻ˡ
ӵİ칫֮ФͷǸеĪ˭ǽʲôã
֮ҲǶФչĿ࿴ΪҲ⻰Фһ뽪ݹϵȻĴô߿ФգФմ򽪶ʺá
˿ФգЦСФԺǾͳΪͬˣʲô¾ҡ
˻ûҶڿФճĲФսǿҪˣ˱Фշǳĺá
ФҪ𻰣ֻȴˣóֻһΤ߲ģæߵһȥӣһӸ绰ôأǲѾж˰
ФһӵΤ߲ĵ绰Τ߲ʡί֯ûФһΤ߲զ֪°æ˵£Լɻ˳
Τ߲ЦСФҶǺܹģڵúùɣʲôԭطϰģ㲻Ҫش𣬲Ҫ˵ⷽ£𣿡
Τ߲һФʵҶǣҶ˭
Τ߲ЦЦǺǣҶ˭㻹ûеҶ簡Ҷˣôƺ磬һҲû
ФռеҶ磬ȻҶǣֻǰ
ʲô֪ģ֪ҶҶǣǴ쵼ɣФһʵ
Τ߲ŸҽΤ߲ԺͽΤɣҶʡ쵼ʲôְ࿴ž֪ˣˣ鰲źˣͺúùɡ
һΤ߲ԼƺΪΤ磬ФͷеЦȴЦæлΤ磬ҪллˣǳԶٷ
һФҪҶƽԷΤ߲ЦһСȻʡίǳԷ̫˰ɣʡίǵ˲֪жء
ȴû˵СФˣˣҹҵ绰ˡ
Τ߲ǹµ绰Фŵ绰æȻͣתǸˣһ˹ȥʵʡͷһҶ𣿡
Ҷǣ̳һ£ʡͷƺǵ˲٣ǽҶǵָȻûһҶǣûش𰡣ԺûʶҶǻҶƽΪһͨǡ
˵Ҷǣʡкüʲôְ˱˵
ʲô֡Ҳ֪Ф˵
㲻֪ҲýˣҪϰԺٴһ¡˵
ФһֻǸȥ˸ɲǱ߱Ѵк˸ɲǸһȥɲǱȥϰࡣ
Фû뵽Լᵽʡί֯ϰ࣬ȵԺ󣬻ֻһΣģ˷ˣôأ
ְɲǱȥȻ˸ɲĵΣԼİ칫ңֱѰ칫Ұźˣ˲ȥ
ФմԼİ칫⣬еĲáһ뵽֪Ҷƽʲô֣һ룬ֽһܲҶƽ֣Τ߲˵ҶƽǴ쵼쵼һŵģһűֽ֪
Сĵؿ˰칫ڵıֽԱߵͬ¿ģ֪ʲôһʱûԼȥֽ
ȵűֽʱǷ´½ƵĽԱͬһΪ濴ҶƽƬƬϵһҶƽæȥҶƽݱʲôְһҪ顣
ЩеıֽͣФڷҶƽĹٷԭȻʡίǣ


1359 
˴ڣҶƽӵĵ绰һˣ˵Ҫ̸ǹԺֹܹҵ÷ĸʱͻȻӵĵ绰Ҷƽ֪ʲô¡
룬ҶƽΰǴкȻȥ˾ǡ˾֮ҶƽųʻϺԺש߷档
ڰ칫֮ǰҶƽδƽԶǳʶһ鱨Ҷƽˣ̷ͷĹ߳칫Ա߽Ӵ˵ɳϵȴ
Ҷƽ棬һЦ˵á
Цк£СҶ˵
ҶƽһˣȻҲǸĸɲˣڸȻСҶҶƽԼСеС
ҶƽߣһˮҶƽӹЦűʾһл
СҶڰʡ˰ɣھҶƽ顣
ҶƽϾˣʱ죬ҵ˽
Ҷƽ˵ЦЦЦ֮ǰҰȫ˽һ£Ҹ㱨ˣһ뷨빤ԸⲻԸ⣿
ҶƽһϢЩȣȻ飬ȻѾʡίˣǴûе빤ͻȻ빤ʲôģ
ûе빤ľģҾһڵطϹȽϺһЩҶƽһ룬ʵǵ˵ˣе빤һЩ쵼ӴĻ࣬һܵõĿԻ
Ц˵СҶڵطϹǳɫ빤ĸһЩڵطʱùץò㵽ְҪٿȫˣ鲿ȵεǣȫ˴һٿʽΪ񲿲㻹ʲôûУ
Ȼ񲿲Ҷƽû뵽רŸ𾭼ó׵һţǰǶ⾭óײҪǸó׵һţһĹеЩİͻȻְǲЩʣ
Ҷƽǣȴ˵СҶ񲿵ĹҪһãϱȽϼᶨͬ־ΣȻ֮ǰû񲿹ľ㹤ʵᶨԹڵľùȽ˽⣬ֻжǹȽ˽ˣöľó׹ˣȥȽʺϣȹϤһʱ䲻ˣѾ鲿ͬ־ˣϤר̸һһ£СҶҶĵģȥ׼һ£ܾ͹ɡ
û뵽ôļ֮ǰѡ񲿳ʱˣٳûѡãͻȻ뵽ǰˡ
ˣ˵Ķûˣֻзİţ֮ѧѧɣ˭Ҳĳ£黹˸ɳģο֮кܶרҵʿԼֻҪ˾Ϳˡ
ҶƽʾȻˣҷİţ쵼ſ԰ѹãԺ̵
ǺһЦСҶͲҪˣǺúøɹʾʾԼľҪԼԼĹǸɲӹţ𣿡
ףҶƽеԼѼԼκʱ򶼲ӹţԲʬλز͡
ҶƽӣЦõСҶҾ仰ͲҪˣҴһԸȻ񲿵¬ͬ־йһ档
¬ε񲿲ڵˣתȫ˴ҶƽϤһ£ΪһĹ׼
ҶƽȻ֪¬ǰû໥ʶй໥ʶһ£һĹӵģϸ
ҲҪ˵񲿵ĹǷǳӵģȻӦרųʱһԷ
ʱѽ磬ҶƽĲ൱ڹȥŷֻڲˣҪǱϹ쵼˾Ͳ͵ĵط
Ҷƽ֮ǰϺ㱨ʱҲԹ֮󣬱Ƚ˰䣬˲һᣬ¬Źˡ
񲿲Ϻڲ칫ھǵһֵϣ¬ӵ֪ͨԺǹˣ󿴵æкȻЦҶƽ֡
Ҷƽͬ־ʶһ°ɡЦŽһ¡
¬ȻҲûмҶƽ֪Ҷƽ֣Ц˵Ҷǵطϵˣ֪ĴֻԵڼˡ
¬ЦҶƽҲЦ˵¬ǹϵˣݷˣֻûлᣬ¬޺ˣ
¬ɵشЦΪ񲿳ϯʳϣ򽻵ŻľʵĲǿ񲿵ҲͦԽԽֱ˵ĵԽԽˣЩӸѹǵԽԽˡ
˵໥ɣ°ɣͬ־΢Цһ£к¬¡
ƽͬ־ϵǲȥ֮ǰƽͬ־ûд¹ⷽĹȥԺȫͬ־֧ˣеĶƽͬ־񲿵Ĺ졣¬º󣬱Ƕ˵Ҷƽ񲿣Ҫ¬֧֡
¬̴Ӧİɣˣƽͬ־ĺܣ˼ӦҽţҰҲҿɵñҺã֮ǰĹһᾡƽͬ־Ϥûġ
˵ͷҪһǿ쵼ѡҶƽҶƽڵطʱǱȽǿ֮ǰ鲿ѡ˼ѡ֮ȴǸе⣬Ϊ⼸ƽȣȱٿصľͷ񲿳ڽĻҵ߳ȥԭֻʣڲҪʣҪ߳ȥʾֻвʾܲϷӻĵĹӰӶõطٽھõķչ
ѡѡ뵽ҶƽҶƽڵίʱǶҶƽץǳͣ⣬ҶƽͶʻھ÷չж۹⣬Щ鶼Ҷƽһϸ񲿲ѡ
ҶƽĿҲһЦŸСҶҲ֪ڵطϺܻڣھ͸һƽ̨һ£ڳʲô
һ˫ۣ˵СҶڣǲǲ̫ã
Ц˵ǣΪʲôǲһ£Ҳǲ£Ҳ£ڣǾͷ㵽ף


1360 ׼뿪
Ļ֪ģҶƽҲǳڴҶƽģϣҶƽ񲿵Ĺڲڵ˵ǰҪҶƽϤɫⷽ¬ϾǱزٵģŻԽ¬Ҫѹϵ龡ܵҶƽӡ
Ҷƽ֮Ҳæʾл¬ǺǺһЦʾÿ񲿵ϱϣ񲿵ĹԽԽá
˵Ż߽ˣҶƽ¬æӭӣ֮󣬱֣ЦŰӭ˽
Ҷƽ¬֮Ҳ֣ȻĿҶƽϣܺͰصСҶ˰
ҶƽЦոչټңϹˡ
΢Цһ£ȻʾҶ£ĸ˱һ㱨һºҶƽ̸ҶƽܱǹӹεǣǲĹͽҶƽˣ¬мһ
Ļ㱨ص˵ͷ˵񲿵ĹǳҪҶƽͬ־ְǾ˼ǵģͬ־ⷽĹӣƽͬ־㾡Ϥȫٿ֮󣬾ҪҳޣΪǹҵķ÷չ֡
Ҷƽæ˵ͷ¬ҲǼæӦţղѾ˵ˣǿһ飬͸شˣڽӹûãʲô⣬ǳе˵ġ
˵⻰ʱ黹ǱȽ࣬˵⻰֮󣬱ֱɺͰӣٺҶƽ¬Է
극֮Ҷƽǻص˰ʡʱ鲿ѾΰǴ˵绰֪ҶƽҪߵ飬˵ҶƽΰǱЦҶƽ档
ƽ벻ôҪˣȻף㣬Щ᲻ðΰЦҶƽ˵
ҶƽǺһЦҲ᲻뿪û뵽ôҪˣΰǣлҹϵ֧֣û֧֣ʡ󣬹ǿչġ
ƽͬ־⻰Ӧ˵ûĹ֧֣ڰʡĹҲнķչʲôҲ˵ˣ춼ˣһҪˣ⼸죬ټҸ͸УΰЦ˵
Ҷƽһʱ仹ǱȽϵĽмʱҪ뿪ʡˣߵĹҪأȻҲŻʱ¾ǱȽϽˡ
ڶ죬ҶƽҪߵϢ̴ʡίԺ֪ϢΪ֯鲿Ϥȴ鲿֪Ϣ
Ҷǣ˵ҪˣֱӴ绰Ҷƽ顣
ҶƽһЦһҪ뿪Ҳ֪飿
Цո֪飬һԶٷ£
ҶƽǺһЦûʱ䰡
һʱһеĻᣡЦ˵
Ҷƽһʢ飬ҪٲӦͲˣ˵Ǻðɣϰ˵ӣ㶨طҹȥ
Ӧ˽࣬Ҷƽǹ˵绰ԼҪ뿪ʡΰǵҪΪУǽȴǵУȻǱһĸ飬ڰʡߣǵ˲ٵˣʡίڼ䣬ǰѽĵĹԱˣڽϵôҲһ⡣
ȻҸֻһС£ڰʡҪûд꣬ȻýӸְˣڻû˭ʡίǵְ񣬶ʡίְûȥ˭ְһ룬ʡͷʸְ˲࣬Ȼʡί֯ˣεʱ䲻ְĿԲ󣬶˵УҲû̫ʺϵˣҪˡ
Ҷƽһ룬ͷĹһȻΤ߲ȥΤ߲Ҳ֪ҪߵϢҶƽô
ΪҶƽ飬Ļ϶ʲôõķչǰ;ΪҶƽһߣĿɽʧȥˣû˿ɽûʶ쵼˭ں
һ룬Ҷƽܰȥôȥ񲿻ŮѴһˣھͿԽ飬ط־ˡ
ҶƽȻҲڿ⣬˲ٵ飬ҲֻΤ߲ˣ֮ԻһֱΤ߲ҪΪΤ߲УǲʿĻϸߣԼΪ쵼һʿ黹ǱȽץӵģԭЩȻûΤ߲һֱΤ߲飬ֱΤ߲ɳ޷ʱ
ڣҪȥŻǰΤ߲ߣΤ߲Լ飬Τ߲ʿҵӢˮƽҲǱȽϸߣڵӢˮƽǲܹάˣԭʱûʲôãڵ񲿣;ó̸лҪһӢΪã÷ѵһ£ͬʱҲҪΤ߲Эһ¡
ڰΤ߲֮ҶƽǶΤ߲߲һһȥǰɣ
Τ߲һʱϲҶǣҪҵȥ
ҶƽЦһµҲܰȥǰɣȰ׼һ񲿵һЩϣԭѧõģоһ¹ʾõ
Τ̴߲ӦõҶǣȥ׼
Τ߲ʮָˣֻҪܸҶƽ񲿣ʲôУοҶƽΪ顣
ҶƽΤ߲£Ҳûжˣλ㷢ֺȺ£ڿչţǿ֯Ҳݱؽţڻûɣֻˡ
˵ʱ򣬽ִ绰ԼȥһҴƵ꣬ûбˣֻһԷΤ߲ŹˣΤֻ߲Ƿ񣬲Ӱ쵽̸顣
֪ҶƽҪȥ񲿹֮ȻûȷҶƽҪ񲿳ʱҶƽȥ񲿳񲿵ǣϿȷҶƽҪ񲿳ˡ
񲿳ȻְλҲ˵ҶƽҪӸΪˡҶƽڵ䣬Ҷƽֹ񲿲λá
ˣҶƽùϵһǳõ飬µҶƽԸʲô
ϵĴǳ壬һͷ̷ֱԵó·ǳһɫ޷ϣΧһɫΧԵֺŮζ
࣬ҶƽЦַ֣ǳۣȻ䶼ʮˣǱķǳá
ҶǣһߣǵڶеˣԺ󣬿ǱǻסҶƽ֣ǳ˵
ҶƽǺһЦøлҶҵĺ񰮣ͬ־Ҳøлҹְ֧


1361 
Ҷƽ뽪һ˷죬ΰרŰʡίίǽеһΪ˸С
ΰǴŴΪУҶƽȻǸеЩжˣΰһϵķǳãðʡĸ죬ܴһֹͣȻһЩˣΪǣͻȺڣµ͹ҵܵشʧ
Ҷƽΰǵ˱Ǹ֪ҶƽҪ뿪ʡ÷ǳӣҶƽ˰ʡ֮˵˺ܶ£ǰѽĵĹԱѹȥˣ뽭ĹԱҲû˹ϸ𣬵Щ£ٻǸеЩζ
ҶƽʱȴЦӭֳ֮⡣Ҷƽĩʱǻص˾ǣȻһ˼С
ƽѩ֪صϰ࣬ͷǳģڲط־ˡҶƽ֮㿪ĵ§ҶƽҶƽǺһЦô˷ܡ
ƽѩЦ˵ؾǹԼܲҶƽǺһЦ˵ڲҪ˵̫磬񲿿ܹæ˵пܾ
ƽѩһ˳Ҫôæ
ҶƽЦЦֻǲ²⣬ȷҪ׼
ƽѩֻõһʲôʱϢ˵Դӽһŵʱǲࡣ
Ҷƽһ飬ǾҲƽѩûа취Ҫʱȷʵ޷ÿֻԼļͥ
ƽѩ棬ҶƽȥƽԶú˵һ¡Ҷƽ񲿵β£ƽԶȲֻ֪һ飬Ȼ϶ˣǻûʽоˣʲôġ
ҶƽƽԶһ룬һܺõ£Ҷƽԭһֱڵط˼άǵط˼ά񲿹۽ҪһЩȫӹʵĽǶһЩ飬ҶƽĳɳǺкôġ
ƽҾҪˣԺ·ҪԼˣиһҲһ̴ҪĥһԼԣܵΣ𣿡ƽԶһҶƽ˵
ƽԶڽҪˣһĻҶҶп֪֣ܽҶƽźǿ֧ġ
֪ⷽ飬ҶƽҲûűŶ֧֣ھô£ôĹҲγԼʵڶҪȡ֧ˡ
ǰҪϳɳΪһôҪ˵֧֣ѾһôȻȥֱ֧ˣǳɳԵʡ
һʱҶƽȥ鲿һµ鲿˰ңڰҵ鲿δæ
һǹкҺҶƽ֣ǸҪϻƣܵȫæ˰һϴȥ
һҶƽЦ֣ȻҶƽ̸һĻʱ뿪
ѾԸ飬ҶƽȥֻȥΣҶƽȥϤʽ֮ȥҶƽְ
˵껰֮ǴҶƽͬһȥ񲿣¬ӭҶƽĵ
ԺͰ⽲ˣ¬Ц˵ҽˣҪҶǵ͹ѸĹӺá
¬⻰Ͳö˵ʲôˣҶƽ¬һ£ȻҶƽԼǾͲˡ
¬Լ̬ȣ֮ǻȥҲǸŻȥˡȻҶƽͬѧȻʱ򲻹ǴɲûҶƽˣ鲿ҲǸеǳˡ
֮Ҷƽ¬һ̸̸ȰҶƽһ칫칫˽ⲿʲôҪҰ칫ģĻصϽ
ҶƽӦһͷһ칫ң칫ԭһС͵ĻʱҶƽ칫ȵҶƽʽְ֮ٽ¬Ĳ֮λ칫Ұ칫
Ҷƽڰ칫棬￼һᣬԼ񲿣ͷ࣬ô̵ʱڣΰѲĹ˽أ
Ϊ㵽鶼Ҫ˽ıǲĴ£ԼӰ쵽Щ飬ֻҪץסЩǿˡ
뵽ҶƽҪ¬һܺõĹͨΪʲô¬϶֪ʱûԼҲȥΪ¬еԼɫƺҪŸ뿪
Ҫ֪жε쵼ɲͷǱȽеģȻ¬ǰӦĺܺãҲҪǵʱľȲҪżȰѲĻ˽˵
Ҷƽһ룬ĽйæһҲϣ񲿵ְ˽һ¡
ûҲֱȥģֻڰ칫ͷĴһȻ󷭿һźվ񲿵վϱǿһЩݣְֻһǣһⶩó׺͹ʾúķչսԡߣݹóסͶʡԮͶʺͶ⾭úķɷݰƶŹ£ҹó׷֮估ʾóԼЭ֮νоȫ򻯡򾭼úִͨʽķչƺͨƸĸﲢ顣
һְǷǳششĶ⾭úսԾģ൱ڹҵҸ߲ΣְȫǶģȷ˵һ
ڶǣƽͨҵṹָͨҵĸóҵҵչٽóСҵչ߽飬ƶͨ׼ӪҵӪִͨ͡ʽķչ
Ƕڵһְܣ񲿶ڵְܽ٣ʮְͷҪһڵְܣҪҵչ飬ⷽĹҲв룬ȫһҵ顣
Ҷƽ¿˿񲿻ⶩҹ˫ߣóóսԺߣǣͷ˫߾ó̸Уе֯ЭϴʩڹƽóعΣڹƽóԤƣʵʩó׵Ͳҵ𺦵飬ָЭҵȫӦԹҹƷķϴʩӦ߹
ԮⶩִжԮߺͷƽԮⷽʽĸƶԮƻȷԮĿ֯ʵʩԮʽʹã˫߶й޳Ԯʽ֯йȷչҵ
ָҹפó֯šפϹйع֯óԼפ⾭йعóҵָ齨衢Աѡɣϵʶ߾ó֯פйפйٷ
Եؿ˿Ҷƽ֣񲿹ܵ黹Ǵ飬⽻ܵҪԲ٣


1362 ε
ϵʱ¬ҶƽһԷѸó̸дǿ͸а칫Ľ˹ͬҶƽԷ
ǿʮȥǿ׳棬¬һܣҶƽ֪ȻǸΪιó̸дΪĴϯڸֹó̸С
ǿһרҵ˲ţҶƽԺҪ뵱񲿲ҪΪ֮ǰûӴûרҵʿĸǲеġ
쵼ؼǻ˲ţһҪ˲ŸΪãǿ󣬶רҵ˲ţȻǱȽϸ߰һЩȻԸ˸еڹó̸УȴǿǲС˵òˣ˾Լʵãϵʵá
ǿҶƽ󣬵һӡǸоҶƽЩ̫ˣҶƽʮ꣬ڵط϶һʡίίļ𣬶һʡίίȴǵ񲿳ٻ˸е
ǿһߵ۾һȥǺʵ֣ڵض⽻Ҳγһֲͬ˵ţҶƽһۼʱһ˸еѹȵơ
Ӳá¬һܣҶƽ΢Цסǿ˵
ǿĸҲܸߴҶƽǰôһЩЩӸµؿҶƽһգҶƽе־ܴȻʮ꣬û뵽ôǿ׳
Ҷƽһͷǿֵ֣ҲǺһЩǿɿֱ߽Ƶİ䣬ǰ¡
ĸҶƽ丸׾ǻ⽻һϸݶ꣬ڼͥ߹󣬴ѧҵʱѧ꣬γһĸ߹ʣҶƽһڲͬ
ҲһȽʵŮˣһȣȴ˸еԭίǵλӣʹ񲿸Ҳ޷ȣ˼ҵĳţǽһСŮɲ޷ġ
ֹܰ칫Ĺ¬˹һҶƽʶһ£ҶƽûʽΣ¬ûڰʱҶƽܸˡ
ҶƽֻһԷʱǿʶһ¡ǰ칫Σ˾ɲҲʮϣ¬ոĸɲȥ˺ܳȣҶƽ¶΢Ц
ҶƽܸеԼģǱ˵Ļͻ㱨ˣΪ϶¬֪ԼҪӲˣ£
ȻҲп˵˺ܺͶӪˣԼûʽΣαعԼĺأĻûбҪƽˣֻǾĸﲻһЩ񲿵Ĳϡ
໥ʶһ£¬кǿ£¬ȻλҶƽԱߡǿ͸˻֪£¬Ľ֮̿ҶƽղŽܵʱֻ֪Ҷƽʡίǣȴ˵Ҫͷεǣ˵Ŀʱһ
֮ǰ˴ǿ񲿳ȻҲ˵ܽβ˭Ҳû뵽ǴӵطϵһʡίǵβЩ̫˸е޷ˡ
еʧǿΪǿ񲿹ô꣬һó̸дˣλϣ󣬸Ȼ˵нλϣרҵǿǲôһ㡣
񲿳һ֣һֲֻרҵҪһ˵ۺʣǿȻרҵǿԸһЩȱݣһֻҪŵĹǿʺǵսڹó׳ϷԼá
Ȼ֯ϵĿǿδؾͻ룬ؿǻǰҶƽβ
ҶƽԼĹҪ֪ܶʶҪǿ͸ʱǳǫ飬ֹĶţ˳˧ͷЩϿˡ
Ҷƽľܺãę́¶֮󣬱ǿ͸˸еĿ࿴ˣȻȾƲǱ£ܺȾƻ˸еС
Ϊ칫ΣʱҶƽҪֲˣ¬ҲҶƽҶƽʱԵñȽˡ
ڶʱıǰһЩҪϽҶƽУҶƽԼȿ֮鲿ʽҶƽְ⡣
ٿȫ쵼ɲᣬ񲿴ϸɲμ˻飬ڻϣ鲿ԱҶƽ񲿵ǵ
ĸɲǣһǣǷҶƽûй񲿹ľôͻȻ񲿵εأѵǽ񲿲ְ
ɲȻΪҶƽᵱ񲿳ΪҶƽû񲿹ľ˶࣬û񲿹ˣ֮²˽ڲҲпܶϿɣӶᵼ񲿵ĹһΣ
ˣ񲿵ɲǣΪҶƽֻǵεǣҪѡģпǰѵǺͲֿҲǴڵġ
Ҷƽϯ̨ϣ񲿸ɲǣҲûһЩˣ̸ʱҲԼֵģ˵ûģ񲿵ĹӰ쵽ҷչ֡
ǿ쵼ԸԹó׵ĲܣҪһλǿά˳ҽн
񲿲Ҳֻýܣ֯ϵҪ󡣵ϯ̨ϣô֪ʶӢ˵񲿵ЩԱǾӢУרҵʷǳߣǶԼһҪ顣
Ҷƽû̫ǿǰչʾΨһǿԼγɵ쵼ʣ̬ȣЩȽƵĵط
Щ֪ʶӢǣҶƽȵ˵ͬ־ǣǳ񲿹֮ǰһֱڵطڰҪ﹤Ҹеηǳشǳޡ磬ʾԽԽңǻҪڹʾռһϯ֮أҳΪʹƶߣͱҪӱŬûĵҵ߳ȥгҪǵֺ֧ŬǰСʱǲڣǹҵľʵڲǿѾΪڶ󾭼壬ڵҪڳڳʱһҪǵĹ棬Ϊڵҵ߳ȥٽǹҵľ÷չŬ
Ҷƽϯ̨һһҪ񲿹ľģĽǰҺһĸɲǲǸеѪڣĳˡ


1363 Ҷ
Ҷƽʽ񲿵ǣİʡίһְ֮ʽȥһ˽İʡίһְҶƽ˵ʽ뿪˰ʡְ
ҶƽεԺ󣬱Τ߲ˣ˾ͬ־һȰΤ߲¹ϵְԺٽ
Τ߲һ񲿣ȻǿԼŮѴһˣһ£ǸмҶƽİһҪúùҶƽ֧֡
һ˵ҶƽˣҶκ֪˱Ǵ绰ԼһԷҶƽʱæҪ񲿵һЩϤԼƴһЩĻʱô쵼أ
Ӣȶһ£뽫ʳһӢȻ˼һ᲻˵񲿳ǸӰ
ʱ̫ҶȴҪԷҶƽһ룬Ҷκ֪ҪȻԺ˿ǻὲԼˡ
뵽ҶƽǴӦϰ˵ʱȥȰź÷䣬ʱֱӹȥҶεҲ֪ڹæµǷǳͬһЩ
ҶƽԼİ칫棬񲿵һЩϣڲһЩ϶ˣ¬ҲǳڽӹҪٴһЩ飬Ҷƽ빤Ĺ
һɲʶҶƽﲻֻǵεǵ£ҪβһְȻ¬һЩ鶼ƵҶƽ
һֻǱ߹ѧϰܰȫѧϰˡͷӳļ飬Ҷƽ˿ǳѸٵظˣûκε
ֹòְǸеĿ࿴е쵼ϲȡϵֶΣرһЩìܣȻҶƽ쵼ֻŰ취ȥӱ⡣
һЩڲ⣬ҲһЩⲿҪó˾Ǳ߷Ӧһ⣬˵ǱҪϡĳĲӦĻǽٶԻƷĽڡ
Ҷƽһķӳһ֮ǰڵطϹ֪˷ǳƻǽڻĵĳƷľġú̿ϡԴƷЩԴڵǹҺ󣬱ǳ˺ףȻ󱣻ڣֶڻԴİ취Ѿ˻ĵע⣬˵ǲ⣬Ԥʲô飬ǺдԸء
ϡսԵʣǰûе£ΪĵϡǣжʯͣϡΪ˼жʯͼ۸һǣʯ͵˾ǿɺãȴǰϡŪ˰ײ˼ۣڸңڵĳҶԾϡʧǳ죬ԭռٷ֮ʮϵĴڲٷ֮ʮˡ
½ô죬˸еĿģҶƽԭڽְʱҲǹע⣬˷ǷϡĿϰ壬ϡڵȻֹۣˣģɵӰɣ
ҶƽȻǸеȽ˿ķӳûκδأҪǲԸڻĵԴԲƷǻˣԼӵϿȥ
ҶƽҶζµľƵʱѾŵˣҶһǴЦŵƽ˰ٹһԷûлˡ
ҶƽǺһЦθ磬˵ģҾæҪټܲôȼ˰ɣ
ҶιһЦ϶ȼ˰綼ˣȳˡ
֪ҲЦ˹Ҷƽ֣Ҷƽ˵θ磬þûˣ˵㵽һࣿ
֪Цڹڴ̫ˣȥɢɢģ絽ǹҵοͣʵ˹Ժ󣬸оڹڲ࣬Ƕǻˣ
ҶƽЦûа취ǻ̫࣬Ҳǻ˵ƣǰĴƯıγȫ缸ǧĻͬǹǿˣĴεĻÿͣҲǸеԺ
ҶһЦƽڲǲɲˣһһ׵ģƵģҺ֪˾˵⻰
ҶƽЦְҵϰߣ˲ҪⰡ
Ҷƽ˵˵ЦЦ£ȻҶŮԿˣǹһҽó׵Ĺ˾Ҫսʷġ
һҶνܵˣҶƽǸеǲ൱ھ񲿵Ĳǽڹ˾ܣʶð
ŮӿȥᣬҲʮ䣬绨ģҶλ֪һȣǲûһȣʲôϹǼġ
ƽҸһ£ؽڹ˾֣ܺܣģңһԷˣƽҲҪⰡҶҶƽŮӡ
Ůһĳ̣һ֣ʫ꣬ܺһҶνҶƽվһ΢ЦصҶá
ʺҶƽֻǴк˵˼á͵λƯŮ˵ʱ򣬲ôˣעǱͼ
ĳ̺֣ʫ˸еǳңΪû뵽벿һԷҲ֤Ҷκ֪˵
Ҷκ֪˻ǽ˵УżӴǹ˾ĳȣǹ˾ڵ񲿹ϽģҶκ֪һҶƽ񲿣ֻҪҶƽкǿˣһʱûж룬ǴӦ
ĳ̺֣ʫƵƵҶƽƣȵúģ˿ȥԵ÷ǳģǶ˼ǣһܵԻġ
ҶƽҲǼƯŮˣû̫ǵòͨҶ֪˸ʲô¡
ƺаСʱ֮ҶξǶҶƽƽҺܺõѣ˾ڹģ㿴ǲǷ
ҶƽҶεĻ֮ʵ֣ܣܣǹ˾Ҫʲô
ĳ̱˵ǹ˾ҪǳڹڵĿԴƷ
ҶƽһǸⷽҵģͷͲˣոշⷽأ˱˵һǴⷽĳڣĿɶǹҵԴûʲô
ĳ̺֣ʫһϺ˵ֻЩҵʱûС
ǳʲôԴҶƽһ
Ҫϡú֣̿ʫش
Ҷƽһ˵ú̿ǹ࣬ʵǿԣϡҪսԴϸƵģҪڹģǲܵģǶóҪĹ棬ֻǾ棬Ҫ˾ڹģ뷨ǹҵиֵĲƷڵȥ


1364 Ҫ
Ҷƽķǳ࣬Ҷκ֪еϣЦ˵ƽǲ˽Ʒչˣ㿴ɣ֣ܺҲǿ󣡡
Ҷƽͷ֪ǹڷչˣһЩҰڶǻǧܷɾ裬Ȼ׬ǮҪάȻҪ㿴ЩʱڵطһЩвۣʲôʱвۣȻǶǵвûмٹֻˣȻ˼һڽеû˵ʲô˵˼Ҵûзɹ裬ûа㵱ѣȴڰǵѣڵһЩˣһЩ͵ϵˣƺ뿪ǣľ治ȥ˻ǵĶԴ⣬ճԿĽǡ
ҶƽûĻʱ˵˶˽ģˣǴҳģʲô˽ĻȻһЩƴĻʱǿȥǶôĴ˽ⲻΥǵԼۣúͻԭŵڽЩʱ򣬱ĿĲԶǲϵۣҲǴƼңҪôǿͣΪǵʳǣҪôǲĵжߣΪһжΪǵĹңΪ˻ˣһݾ֮ĻбҪġ
ʱᶼڽڵжԣ˲ȫ򻯵ںϣֻڶ⽻лǲҪȫɥʧ֮ģٲñ˸ˣˡ
Ҷƽ˼룬ԲŻĳ̺֣ʫ˸еҶƽЩ࣬ǸûʶЩ⣬֮ԲʶЩ⣬ΪýǮԻ˫ۣΪǮЩ˿ʲôġ
ҶƽȻͲʲôҪˣҶκ֪Ҳ˵ʲôֻкһԷ
극֮ĳ̺֣ʫˣҶƽҶκ֪һһᡣҶƽǶ˵θ磬θ磬ǵĹʾƷǳϾ˸ֲƷڣʵǺǹңֻǲȫֹϡĳڣҪٳǵĹҵԴһֱǽǵϡЩϡƷȴ߿ƼĲƷģǸ߿ƼĲƷȴǲǣ˵ʲôԼģǲҪΪȫΪǺõģҪо֮ġ
ҶһҺΰˣƽ鷳ˡ
ҶƽθҪ˵̫ˣ㲻˽ԲŻ
ҶƽҶ֪Ժ󣬻ȥһ룬õǰ֮Իϡײ˼۵ĸԭǣһЩڵҵȱһָǷӶ¶Ծ⣬ָôͻͳһ⣬ǿڰϡɰײ˼ۡ
Ҷƽһ룬еԭʱⷽĹĲڲͷҪĲǰȫ͹˾һ鿴ȫ͹˾˾ƽѾ˾ˣ굱УҲǳʱƽβС
ȫ͹˾ȻôҪһһǿǿҵ飬ֻܰѽڹƵãϹҵľðȫ
Ǳ߷ֻ񲿸ûǵ飬ɳó״̸飬׼˵ϡĳˡ
Աһɽеͷͷʮ꣬˵Ǹͨȥǳòһߵĵԣò˸еα
ɽ¬ǳϤ򽻵Ĺ֮¬棬̸ⷽ顣
¬ʱѾܶ齻ҶƽУɽҪܲӦܰҶƽֱǰͷΪҶƽֻǵǣǲҶƽɽ̸УԲ˳
¬ټҶƽǿһ¡¬ɽһ˵ɽд˴Ҫ̸ϡڵ£ǲӦӴǾпܼƷĽӰ쵽ǽɽó׵˿һδ飿
¬Ļһ˵꣬ҶƽʱûнΪڶԲĹ̫Ϥǽ¬ǿЦֻǿǿδ顣
ǿ¬ᵽ⣬һ˵ǼȲܲ£ҲܺǵҪӦǼӴǹҲƷĽǲܴӦǡ
ǿڹó̸еĳҲǿӲƣ˴Ȼûнֲһְά淽滹Ƿǳǵġ
ǿĻ¬˵ͷ˵ӲеǲӳǾǵ˼·һ°
ǿǲǣǵıߣҪȡȨУǲǵģҪסԭ򣬼ʹǵó֯״ǡ
ǿҶƽҲǸеǿĲһǿһ˲ţԼҪ
ǿ꣬¬˵ƽͬ־һ°ɡ
Ҷƽ˿¬ǿ˵ͬӲһҪȨҲȨģǹڿؽڵͻᱻãΪϡǵγڣȨó˶ģһ̶ִڱĵλˣҾȨĻҪӦóս뷨óѡ⣬ҾϡֹҵҪսʣǻҪӹҰȫĽǶǣ𽥼ٳڣֹڣӶƶǷչ߸ֵĲƷܱǹҵľðȫ
Ҷƽһ޳ǿǿʱеøУҶƽֽԼеǰһҶƽո񲿣ȻսǺ
¬ҲǸе棬ҶƽЩĵģͬʱҲ˵Ҷƽ񲿳ǷǳӢġ
еҶƽǳ򵥣¬ֻǿɽȥ̸һµģҶƽйֻ˽һΪһ׼ûдҶƽȥɽ̸еģڿҶƽǿһȥɽн̸С
һ룬¬˵ҿȷߣȥɽ̸һ̸Ӳ̸ƽͬ־Ļָӣ̸֮һ棬̸ʲôҪõôǾͱҪۣǵ̸ԭ򡣡
¬˵֮󣬱ǿҶƽҶƽͷͬ¬ҪάǵĹ棬ҪԼҺӲ໥ϣʲô¼ʱʾ¬


1365 ̸һ̸
¬Ҷƽǿ֮󣬱Ҷƽӣɽн̸С
̸еĵص񲿵һڣȻɽв뵽ĵڽ̸УҶƽȴǼҪڲĻҽ̸УΪҵǣҵ̸ռƣ
ɽδӦҶƽҪͬ񲿻ھУǿҶƽԭĸеҶƽĲ֮ͬ
ɽдһ񲿵Ļңԭ¬ӴһȴһԳΪ˵ĸɲ˳Ҷƽ
Ҷƽ΢ЦǿɽЩ֣Ϊɲ֮ĵȼǰģԽԽϣҶƽԱǿᣬôҶƽȴǿǰ棿
ɽеһμҶƽڲҶƽʲôεĸεó̸дʱеɡ
ҶƽһμɽʱȴҲеɽͷһ˿ȥǳͷеľֹ񣬵ɲ⣬һСĵ
˺ųϵ̸רң˶׳ĿҲѹ֣˵Ը붫˵ԸͬȻʱҲܽƻʱ̫ס˵ֱ̫ӣöּ֪Լĵƣ˽ʵʹ̸мٸ߳ûʵҲûõģ⽻ǹʵɵġ
ɽдŮŮŮˣҲˣҲǺܺáŮһöǳᣬɽдŮˣһᣬһʮңȥǺɫŮˣ۾ﶼܷУ˵Ĺ֮һ˼Ի㣬ܵԻ󣬴ӶﵽĿġ
ҶƽеԼһܿԷǱȻЦ紺Ȼ˻ϷѵǻľͲ˵ĻǴӻѧء
ɽǿʶڹʳϼ棬ʱǿ̵֮ͷǰ֣ǿɽнܵλǵҶҶƽ
һҶƽ֣ɽ̿ҶƽЦݣ˵кöҶǳҼҶ
ɽָĸ߲㻹Ҷ쵼Ҷƽǲйϵ˵ȻΪֻǿЦ
Ҷƽһоͷƻ̽ոֶ̽ɼļ֮˴򽻵ҪСһЩ
Ҷƽɽ֣ͷôαֱ֣ͦһɽãӭҹзʡ
Ҷƽ˵ʮ㣬һ۾˸еʮֳ棬ɽпҲǸееССѹƽ»־ϵĳ棬ΪϷǳˣֻҪŬȻҪԽ壬ֻǻȱݣڶԼЩ̰һĻ˱ûȱˡ
ҶƽΪ߳жһǾԲַǳŰ岻òԵˣǴǳɽϺ꣬ƾһ۷ԭҪС
ǿ£Ҷƽɽһ𵽻Ϣһ£һʽֻǿһ棬Ȼټһ룬ɽнн̸
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˵òû˿֮һٵĳ嶯ϵ̲̫ò˸еӦҾúα˼ҵϰףҶƽҲýʲô
ɽȻ¬棬Ϊ¬ǲ¬˵һЩҶƽֱеռʲôˡ
Ҷƽ¬ʱûжʱ䣬¬ҺӲ̸һ̸ʲôҪϸڣӲ̸
һӣɽоǸеǳʧ˵ô˵Ǵδܼ¬ˣ
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Ҷƽ΢Цһµɽҹ̸ó׵£ר¬İɣ¬Ѿźô£̸֮Ϳˣɽ̸ʵĻֱ
Ҷƽ΢Цӣɽмæ˵ಢ˼Ҷˡ
ɽ秵˵ôһ䣬ҶƽǸеЦСЩŲˣǵģֻͨ¬棬õһЩô
ղ˫Ȼ໥һЩű߼ʵ£ȴ˫һֱƴҶƽòԹΪأɽлŲԣռϷ硣
ҶȫȨˣɽҲǸ֣˳ģ侲Ҷƽʵ
Ҷƽ֪⻰壬΢΢һЦҸղɽȽˣ¬̸ҲǻͨˣӦ˵仰˼
̸еʱ϶˳ŶԷĻֱӱʾȫȨôɽо֪ҶƽĵߣҶƽھɽдһֲ֪ߵ״̬޷ס̸еǿȣ֪ҶƽȫȨ϶ͲˣȻ֪ҶƽܲȫȨ̸̸˾Ͳˡ
ҶƽһۣɽܵҶƽЩĳȡҶƽȻᣬһҲʹ˲Ҷƽһ̸еĶˡ
ǺðɣҶǹ㣬ϷҶǳеңҷҪ̸ϡڵ£ȥͼ˶ҹϡڣҾǲ֮óףӰ쵽֮乲ͬľ÷չġ
ɽһ룬ֻˣһ˵һ߶ҶƽҶƽ귭ⷬһ˵Ϊһ´ˮھӣ֮óʵֻѺ÷ǳҪһҹǳӶѺãھó׵УҹҲѺΪʵ֮Ļݻģҹһķߡ
Ҷƽһ˵ǿԱ˲ҲЦҶƽûֱӻشɽе⣬˵ѺõĻ⣬ɽͷԣҲɽзǳ˾Ƿǳ˵һЩ˲²͸ĻҶƽģˡ
Ҷƽһ꣬ǿɽУɽ귭֮һ±ƵҶƽǽʲôʲأ


1366 ̸ֹ
Ҷƽ̸Ѻãȴǲϡڵ£ɽһͷˮλ쵼ʲôѵ⽻⽻ˣЩ⽻ˣ񲿵쵼Ҳܻ⽻
ɽͷżڱҲֳܱһǼҶƽ˵ҶҹҲǷǳѺõģҾֻ֮ͨóײܲϴٽѺã˵ǰɣ
ɽһҶƽǺһЦɽ˵ò֮ҪʵѺãһҪнóһ֣ҲǴó׵еõ˲棬ڹЩ˻һЩʷַĸ飬ʵǲð
ҶƽɨɽһۣɽһҶƽĻ϶ʱ˱䣬оҶƽзǳǿң̸ֻó׵ģ̸ֲģҶƽᵽˣôش𰡣
ǿԱҲһѺҶƽ̸ʲôʷбҪ⽻°ɣҶƽˣֲܰͿɽشˡ
ɽһʱ֧˵ģ̸óģҶǲ̸⣡
ҶƽһصʷҲҪ֮ҪѺãʷнͲô򽻵Ȼˣⲻ飬أҪһ£Ͳˣ֮Ǿ͸̸˲ǣɽ㻪ѺõʹߣһҪⰡ
Ҷƽյһ˵ֱɽеԴ˵Щˣȷʵû뵽Ҷƽ쵼Ҳû뵽ҶƽᵽЩ⣬ֻ̣ó׸̸ãȻҶƽҪʽ̸֮ǰɽһѹ֪Ҫϡó׵뷨ʵֵģʹҪʵ֣ҲҪϴĴۣСӻռ˵
ɽһʱЩΪѵӣҶƽ㵽Ϊֹһǿ˿ֱ˵ɽԷʱ䵽ˣһ;ͲͰɣ
֮仹û̸ʲô飬ҶƽҪԷˣɽп˿ҶƽȻֿ˿ǿ̸ʱҲ̫ˣûὲʲôھҪԷˣҪʽ̸ˡ
ҶƽһɽҲֻǿҲվɽɡ
ֻһȥԷҶƽɽһȥ˲񲿵ڲԷҶƽɽһ߽İ䡣
ҶƽڳԷ֮ǰ˿˵ֲ˵һݳСԹԱ˵ѳСС˳
Ա⣬ǺһζҶƽڵ˼ϸĵĵͼ󹫼СˣԼһӣǵóԳӡ
ԱһӼ˵˲ϣɽһ֪ʲôҳԣҶƽһ˵ó԰ʷḻɽһ
ɽȴǲҳԣһŮʿȴǸȤһڣ̾ζĲ̫óˣ
ɽһĺóǳһɣҲһ£ҶƽЦƱɽоơ
˵ľҲǲУɽкһС׾ƣǺˣɽбȵģҶƽʢȴֻúˡ
극磬Ҷƽָʾǿɽн̸УҪϡóԲòҪӽڣҪǵҪ󣬼ƷĽȡǹҵĸ߿ƼƷƣϡóһ˿һҲò
ǿ֮󣬱ᵽɽкܽƻܴӦȡ߿ƼƷƵģĻ˫̸оǻˣʱǾͻ浽ó֯һӰġ
ҶƽʾҪǸǣҲ£άǵĹûκɵģôǣȨһԹȣҪǸ棬ǾǷ㵽ס
ҶƽǿӲǿеԼѹܴΪ̸ģִкҶƽָʾûе׵ġ
磬ɽȻе֮ʣǿʽ̸У׼ɽһҪʽ̸ˣʱ˾һҪúõǿ̸һ̸ǿӦϡĳڡ
ҶƽûԲ̸УһֱĻָţشߣҪ
ǿҲҪɽ̸УҶƽ̶˵ˣ߸ҪƾҪѹ֡
ǿһҲһ취Ա̸УһǿǴ߸һ̸С
ǿԱ̸к󣬱ǸҶƽָʾѻĵҪҲ˳ɽдӦɽһǿᵽôҪӦһûĵõô飬ôܴӦ
ɽоͱʾͬǿҪǿһӦʾǲӦôҲӦҪǶԵȵģֻǳе񣬶Ȩ
ɽһ˵ǲϡĳǽٶǹҲƷĽ
ǿ֮΢΢һЦɽ֮ϵģǹҲƷĽǹҵϰյҪܵӰ죬ǹϡĽȴϰյģΪʲôҪϡĽأ
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ǿ˵ǶǹҵϡйܿأǷó֯ҪģһЩʯ͵ĹңǾôͬǹǲǴûгڹֶȻ˵ǹҲʲôƷǹǹҵϡƷûͶʹãǳ˺ףҲһֿƷΪʲôҳأ
ɽһһӣ˵Ǳʱ֮裬ҹϵ֮񻯵ʱûٴҽڶġ
ǿЦһ˵ָĹҹϵûоָҶҲǽˣ̸ѺأǸҪʲôʱ֮谡
ǿһɽеɫѿˣǲܴӦҪˣĵ̬ȴ䣬֮ǰԤезǳ˳ģû뵽ھȻˡ
ɽһ룬˵ԭ̬ȲģҶ֮䵽˭˵㣿
ᵽҶƽǿ΢΢һЦȲҪˣܿǾ֪ˣǻ˵ڵɡ
ɽһ˵ˣղλҶǲҪȫ֮¬ˣεĻôԺĽɾˣ
ǿһվ˵ɽĻѾˣ̸еΪֹ
ǿ˵֮ת˳ȥԱҲ˳ȥǿ֮ԻᷴӦ㼤ңΪɽеĻ˻ĵ̸ȥǾΪҪ̸ֹУ


1367 ѡ
ǿͻȻȥɽһʱҲסæվ
ǿĽкֱȥȻȥҶƽİ칫ңҶƽĻָӣҪҶƽһ飬ýԼ˵塣
Ҷƽ˵飬ʱеһ벻ɽоȻͼذŷԼβ
Сͷ۹ⶾȻԼȽǿӲŶԸԼˣϧǻģԼβûȨ˵ҲǸǵһʮʧΪǿһ̸дȻ֪µķȥȷģûиɽκεĻ롣
Ӳ¬ɡҶƽһ
ʱǿ˶ټɽˣ¬棬ͷϴһɽУȻɽйɡ
ǿͬҶƽĿȻһȥ¬¬ֻڵ̸н̸нǲҪɽСڷ飬óˣΪҶƽǿ˲ʺȥɽˡ
ɽдڻﲻ֪ʱ¬˹ˣһɽоʮصɽ˵˺ܲ飬˴̸еֹɣ
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¬ȴǲͬصΪѾǵĻͨ⽻⽻飬ǳά֮ѺùϵҲ׼ôǴ˴̸еΪֹǵҶ֮˵ɡ
¬̬ȺܼһѺùϵĻҪ⽻飬ɽһеԼʧˣ̽һǿȴû뵽ǿôУڱˡ
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Ҷƽɫʱܿ죬񲿵һµʱԼӢˮƽ࣬һ˲ʮˣǰ࣬úܶҵ˿Ŀܽβˡ
ҶƽǻʱԴ̬ȼ棬һ˵ĻҶƽ󼸺һҶ硣
һ֮ȫٿҶƽΪȫ˴μᣬ˴ǰʡǱߵģΪ֮ǰʡίǣҪϯȫģȻ񲿣ʵȻڰʡ˴
ΰǺ͸߼Ҳɵ˶ǿᣬҶƽڻٿʱǼ档Ҫ鰲ʡ˴еġ
Ҷƽΰ֣һЩ֮ĻҶƽ죬ʰʡĹ
ΰ˽Ȼϣְ֧ʡĹʡʣó׳ڡ
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߿ҲԼһ˿ųĬø򸾸ţݣ˱һ˾ǡҶƽǰŮһֱǹעŵģ˵Ҷƽ񲿳ҲǸеԺ˵ҶƽҪҸ߿ø߿ȥǵģչ˺úӡ
ҶƽԼĵص㣬ʮ֮󣬸߿һ߿ˣҶƽæȥӭӡ
߿ҲСˣȻû˵ഺϢȴǱøзˣ˾֮Ҳڷ仯
ôôȥġ߿һҶƽ˵
ҶƽЦһµҸոյЩ鲻ӰǴģûµģ֪ݽϣôô۰ɣ
߿һۣ˵аɣеĹǿȻǱȽϸߵģһǱȽӦǿѾӦˡ
ҶƽͷҲҪעԼ壬ְ廹ðɣ
ҶƽȻƺΪְ裬߿ͷܺõģչŸĬ
ҶƽһµĬҲҪμӸ߿˰ɣ
߿ǵģȥѧϰڹˡ
Ҷƽüëһʵȥ
߿ѾһУ¼ȡֻЩһ
Ҷƽ߿뷨˵ȥ˹⣬֪ܲӦҲǵġ
߿ȻģôˣһֱߣͻȻҪ뿪ﵹҲЩܲˣǺӳҪģôأ
Ÿ߿ĻҶƽҲ˵ʲôˣԼƽѩĶӣԼڹѧϰƽѩҲȥѧϰڴһΪҵĽãԸڹѧϰ


1368 үүȥ
͸߿棬ҶƽҲǺܹĸĬ飬߿ҪøĬȥѧϰҲûа취֮֮ɡ
˸߿֮Ҷƽ׼ѰүүӵΪھϰ࣬һҲھǣֻнҶȻڼͷ
뵽Ҷƽ˰ѽͽһҲǵ뷨֮ǰŽҶҪڼչŰְ裬ûͺͽʵһֱŵء
ͽĶڿϴѧˣͽҲŵôһ룬ҶƽæǵȻ˵ҲΪĲȡ˽ԼҲǿǷͽģΪһֱչ˸ĸԴ;֮·븸ĸһʱָ
һ룬ҶƽҲԼȨͽĹҶΰɣҶε󣬶ҴҲһңæȽϺá
ո뷨ǻûüȥ£ͻȻӵı棬˵үүزҪȥˡүүҶѾʮˣ֮ǰȽϺãû뵽ʱͻȻز
Ҷƽһļ٣Լйôأһ룬һ٣ؼҿһүүҲТģǴӦúչһүүүүһá
ҶƽܸлүүĹģ֮ϵҶΣ飬ϾүүҶѾˣҲҪһ¡
ҶһټҶƽһȥǱߣһҶ塣ҶܷܷҲһ
˶֮Ҷƽ˭Ҳк̸ҽԺҽԺֻ֮үүѾز໤ңҶƽҶ㶼ǹүү齲һ£үүĲͻȻģҽ˵ǳء
뵽ҽԺôĺãǽҶȴҽԺӦչ˺үүҶˣ˵үүĲ齲һ£үүҪԵʣǲˡ
Ҷƽһʱһᣬеǳѹŵ֢໤濴һ£ҽȴǲΪүүڻ֮С
Ҷƽһʱļ٣ŰүүתԺڻţôתԺأҶҲϵʡרҹˡ
Ҷƽ֮䣬ͻȻ֮쵼ˣ쵼֮ԹΪ˵ҶƽүүסԺˣҪһǲ֪Ҷƽ˵ǿҶƽһʱ֪룬Ϊ쵼˺üеҲʶҶƽˣǻʶҶƽġ
ФίǣſǳسڶҪ쵼һҶƽɲȱûпɱˡ
󿴵ҶƽʱֱסˣФſڽصƽƽˣ
ФмȻƺҶƽ֣ҶƽȻûн⣬쵼ȴǲôУվǰľǴҶƽʱһӾˡ
ίǺسû֪ǺˣǾҶƽүүסԺҲûʲô£֪Ҷƽˣǿɾûͷˡ
æӰ칫Ǳ߸˹ҶƽǵĿǾһĴһ˵Ҷƽˣͷ̲סļ֮ǰָ쵼˵绰
ʱ޺÷ѾУʡͷθʡˣҶƽʶȴҲ֪ģ֪Ҷƽڵ񲿳Ҫչ϶ҪҶƽǹ֧֣۴ķǶҪҶƽһ档
ҶƽȻģزһСʱ쵼ȫҽԺүү
һΣҲǸеǳΣͺˣǴžͲģּĸɲʹԸĸڼȥҲһؼɥΪӰ첻ãһؼңĸɲǷӵϰյ۵ġ
˴֮ԻΪԼүүĸ̫ˣܲһ󣬻£Ⱥ֪ˣӰǲõġ
ҶƽǺ֣ʾлǹүүүү֢໤ңûǣȻȥɡ
쵼Ҷƽļ̫࣬һʱúҶƽ˵ʲôֻФкſǰܣФбǹҶƽģίǺسһ¡
ίǺسӣҶƽ֣ǲ˵ʲôˣίǺسҶƽ鲻ãҲǲ˵ʲôվһߣҶƽǻȥҲǲȥ
ί쵼֮ǼæӭȥҶƽһ£쵼ǸҶƽһ档
Ҷƽ쵼Ҳˣ룬쵼ҲǲˣԼ̫üӣֻóǼ档
Ҷƽ쵼̸һ̸ǺܸˣȻָ˲ֳܱģΪҶƽʱ鲻ãǿ϶ǲܸ˳ġ
쵼˵ʱ֢ﴫϢ˵үүˣ˹ȥҽүүߣֻүү֣ͷȴǺ˵һЩҽϸһȻǺҶƽ֡
ҽҶƽ£ҶƽҪȥүүһ棬үү˵˵Ȼӿûлˣҽͬˡ
Ҷƽ߽ȥԺ󣬿˿үүֻүү۾ϴһҶƽ϶ʱ¶ǳǳЦݣүүǳЦûˡ
Ҷƽæסүү֣һүүүүſ˵Żȴ˵ǿĿƺҶƽʲô飬Ҷƽ֪˼æԼܺõģҪģú
Ҷƽ仰үүЦһ˲䣬ھʮСʱ֮үүȻţ
үү֢໤̴Ҷƽͷ޵ҶһæҲ˽Ȼһˡ
һ棬쵼쵼Ҳǲ۾ʪҶƽһТ˳˰Լүүȥ˶޵ôģү֮ĸ
ҽԺҽҲΪ֮ݣǵ֪һһǿҶƽүүȥҲ뿴һҶƽݡ
ҽԺˣҶƽүүǰһᣬФкſ˱ǹȰ˵ţܸڰ˳䰡ûȰҶƽ޸ͣġ
ʮӣҶƽֹͣ˿ȻȰ˵ҶǺ͸ĸҪٿˣؼ׼°ɡ
ҶǱҲֹס˿ʱҶƽֻͻȻˣóֻһȻǴ޺÷ģһ޺÷һͨ绰֮󣬱үүôˣϹȥһ
ҶƽһǸԼүүȥˣҪϻؾǣҪˣعˡ
޺÷һҶƽүүѾȥˣ̸еοҶƽһ£Ȼʡһ档


1369 
ӵ޺÷ĵ绰Ҷƽûͬǻ˾ǣһȥ˰ʡʡǣƱҪ밲ʡ쵼棬о󷽱㣬ִҪؾǣ޺÷ûа취ֻ÷˵ȥ˾ǹȥ
ýǴˣûڼɥ£һЩɲɥһһǿڽµϣһΪ
үүȥԺҶƽõİѸĸӵǣүүûչ˵ˣˣҶεİ£ͽ˾ǣĸȴԸȥǣڽȰ˵£Ӧֻȥסһʱ䣬ȵůʱٻ˼ҸеڼסĺãȥǸʲôС
鰲źãҶƽҲٵЩˣʱҪٵܶ࣬ڷȫ˳Ĳӿ֣֮ó׾ҲԽԽ࣬Ҫܶ࣬£ҪоȥӦЩ顣
ھķչϵڶ󾭼壬Ȼ˵ǵ˾ˮƽȻߣǿͷܴȫ򻯵ķչУѾ뵽ȫ򾭼õУκһ˵ͻĴ򽻵ǺѵģҸˡ
ĵǰĹҵȫḻȻڸ߶˲ҵ뷢ȻһĲ࣬ǲҲڲСϣͨȫ򻯵ֶչԼ
ǵǰչйңԼҵŷȫ򻯵Ȼðٵó׾סѾӵԷҵķˣֵ飬Ҷƽ̬ȷǳȷǾǼӦԣǣڹϵ̬ҪԽԽţҵһЩͼıóѡ
ǰȻó֯ĹԾ֯ȫ򻯵ķչ˺ܴƶã֯ԭģԴӻļȥԺȴͻȻоĵ˲ٵĺôó֯Ҫǿ治ˣһ治Ըгõĵλһһ¯½һó֯֯ȴǰѻĸų⣬Ѿ쵽ˣ취ҪӦ飬Ȼľûˡ
Ҷƽһ֣⣬ʵϴڶóǶСģģ羭Ȼó֯ķΧ֮ڣѾУȻǲǵгõλ
չ涨ʱһǾӦϻĵгõλֵˣƤˣģǿʼΥ֮ǰԼҲ̸ŵĹƽˣεĲпʵ
ǲϣһҪ¯¯ڻĵļſڣͼ˦ϵĵڶ󾭼壬Ȼҡ
ӲҪȡжӦȹľþӿǵ羭ò֡һİ칫棬Ҷƽǿ顣
ǿͷҶǰ羭ƴ۸ӣҪȡȻȵǵĲɣǾҪˡ
ҶƽǰʾҪھþ棬ǹʾþоҲкһҪǵĳ㻹ǴٽõķչҪʲôȨȨǶģȻȻγɵģ֮ǰǾõӱûʲôȨȻڼʹڿǶڲˣǵƣҲСĴڣȫ򻯵һֱûиȻǵ쵼˿ܲô룬Ҫ˼ɵڷԵȻֻһ棬Ҫһ棬ǾǻĴ˶ı㳵ǵúôˣûеõʲôôһǶǳ˵⣬ҿǵһʶǷչˣǴǹҽ˴ƷǴĿԴŻᱣǸԣôܹǵˮƽߣ÷չ໥ģ˭㳵ΪҾҪǽһ£ȻǣǵĴ
ҶƽһǷ⣬ǿ˽ǿͷħĵҪԭڻķչ׳ǸеЩʺͺ£ʱʱؾŪһвۣȻ˵Ĵ˱㳵ռǵıˣ֮ҪһɫĿ⿴ǣǵĻȨǲ
ýǲվڻĵȥĵģ˻Ҫ벻ĨڣҪԼĻȨǿԼҵҪȥһ顣
ǿͱʾͷȥ飬۾ҪΪĨǡ
ӲЩϸؿһ⣬ǾӦս飬һҪӦó׾ΪһҲҪȡķʽó֯Ǹ̫¾֯˳ΪñԼĿʮԾ뿨ǵģǿĹƣû룬ˣһвҲҪһĶҷΧҪǹ㣬ЧҲҪǴ㿴ô
ǿʮ˽ģû뵽Ҷƽô͹עˣæ˵Ҷһֱоóֻ֯ǼСģûпСĿĵȻΪǵ棬ϣͨʽٽǹҾõ޿ɺǵģʵǿһЩ֯ڵ壬˦ǣһףԴżǣǽоҲڷȫ˼ȽأȻǵ׼ЭǵĹͨΪǾȻСռ˱ˣûеõʲôôżȻǺ£ûеõʲôôǾû˼ˡ
Ҷƽ֮󣬲Цһµڵʵ̫΢ǽռǵıˣǾͲ˵϶ٵԴάǸ߱׼ǻһֲƽȵ̬ĺһЩչйңǵľðȨ˼ά֣ǻ᲻׼Ҫǵģҵ뷨̫³һ̫ˣ̫ƽȫȥͬʱĹҲ뵽ϵУǽ˵ĿĲҪԿҪ˸ȤĻҲԼǻ˽ǺΪǲǽмƽϣ֮ҲҪԼĽϵɲµĿУҵļ룬һо֤飬ȻԺ顣
ǿҶƽ뷨ϸһ룬оԿǣǱҪԼȨһЩҿ뿪ԷչĺܺãǻὥףǸҪǣǸҪǣȻɫ۹⿴ǣһƽȵĵλ


1370 ɽ
Ҷƽǿ̸Ժ󣬱ǰŲͷʼо飬ȵоԺø׼Ļǿʼʵʩ
񲿵¹Ƚ϶࣬ҶƽβԺвĹԱǰл棬ռٵľ֮£ԼûʱһЩˣ룬齻ϣǷǳҪĿŻ档
ڵҪҪڲĹϣϾ¹Σռѻǿ϶ǲеģεĵһ¾Ǵѧϰȫᾫͳһҵ˼ʶǿҵԾԡ
Ȼǿ˲ŵԱǼϤһ£˽һ¸˾ָɲΪһԱ׼
Щ֮Ҷƽְ䲼˼涨⼸涨˳ƺΪҶʮܹʮ涨Ҫ߹Чʣܾò
񲿹ǣ棬ҶƽһҪѹԱľòܴﵽάĿģͬʱֹ˳¡
ɽڻص֮󣬲֪֮Ҷƽ񲿳£еĽ϶ǲô򽻵ˣҪӻǱռЩ˿²ôˡС˼άҲխٲռĹұ˵֮ǰΪ˷չûа취ҪһЩԴǣڻĹǿȻҪǹҰȫ飬Ҫһơ
ɽΪ˽һûϡԴĳڣ׼һɴŷû̸УһԻĵϣҪó֯˽ίԱߣԴﵽûȡϡƵĿġ
ʱȹʼչó̸УĿΪ¯뻪Ľп⣬ʮֻҲȫƲģΪҪģҪĵԴгȫȹվһҲòô
ǳ뻪ĶַⷽǳɽΪϯó̸дҲƶǵĹսԡ֮ľö඼սԲˣսԲˣôŬҲûáʷϿһսز壬Ȼǿںܶ෽㣬һǣشսԵʱǻƫǵĶ̴ڡ
Ҷƽɽ뿪֮ȻҲע飬Ϊ񲿳϶ҪעżĶŷˡǾôҪעǵһһӶԼľߡ
ȫصϢԴԴϵط񲿣ԱɸѡһЩǳҪϢ͵Ҷƽϡ
˿ЩϢ򱨣Ҷƽ֪ɽͼó֯ϵ飬ӵϢͨԺٿоԲߡ
ҶƽԺ󣬴ұǳԣǿԼĵǣΪó֯Ĺģƶʱ϶ǣչйⷽǴλãϣĽڷǳĵλ
ǿĻҶƽͱʾʤ߻ǰߣǶҪӦߣҪӦߵǵţƶԼĹǲֻƶģǾȫģҪǵǰ÷չĳɾǽжȨһֱǲǾҪ취ıǽⷽ湤ĻԭǾԲˣжܰʯ͵Ҳ԰ϡǵǽԭȡƽȣǵѺõУȻѺǵ׷󣬵ǾһԸѺã˹ǵģǡǡǸеߵĵطǲҪǣȡȨĵطҪԼĻͻȨ
Ҷƽԭòͬ־еҶƽֹ飬֮ǰ¬ûֳľò¬ϾϳɳأҶƽᣬȻǱֳһֺǿĻ
֮˵Ҷ˵ûڵľʵڲǿǰܶԿ£ưͿһЩˣû˼ҵˮƽһΪھûվǶһЩǲȡӵ̬ȣڵҪǽƽӵʱˣҪΪάǹҵķչ棬ܱǹҵľðȫ
ӦҶƽ뷨Ҷƽ΢΢ͷǿ룬ҶƽᷨҲȷʵӦ˵ֻ֧֣ʵȽѣǼʹҲ
Ҷƽͳһ˴ҵǿｨӦ߹С飬רӦԷɷóˣǰҪ׼
ԺҶƽר㱨̱֮ⷽʾͬҶƽ񲿳Ժ󣬹ԺܸߣпԣûпˣҶƽʺְ
ɽйһ˻ģһҶƽ̸һ̸һθûô̸Уǰ˵Ľ̸ˣҶƽѹϵôǽĽʮġ
˵ɽ˻ģҶƽ˼һ£ô˴ɽп϶˳ֵ׼ٲӦǣǿ϶Ҫó֯ϵģΪȡʱ䣬ǿӦ˵׼õһʱ䣬ɽһ£ǲϴֵôǿӲ⽻ԭӦϲǣֻһζǿӲûԡ
ҶƽԺһ룬ɽһ߹ĽӴҪ㱨һ£һɽУĻɽиܵһѺõķΧӶɽвһֻ룬һߵʱ䡣
ר㱨һ£ΪӦĶҪһ⽻ɣܵ˵ǲȡѺ̬ȣ򲻵ѲʲôóˣάĹһҪάñʾѺõһҪѺá
ҶƽͷǣؼȡɽβϴεǼˣһһЩҵңҲҪû˿ǵĳ⣬ܽ˵Ҫóףû˳ѪԼȴǲóʲôɣǰҵҴû˿һҪڻͶʣһеȤ˰ɣ
ڴǰ˵Ͷǻм㣬ڻĳһܴƷгʹҪǹͶʣҲΪ˻гܹͶʣⷽȤʵҶƽЩ᲻Ȥˡ
һΣҶƽû񲿻ɽУྩ󷹵ɽм棬ɽмһ£Ȼм档
Ҷƽǿ͸һɽżӹһ棬Ҷƽһѵ̬ɽһӵ⵹ɽϲҶƽһǿӲˣǿӲ˲ֶģڿԤˡ


1371 ɽбץ
ҶƽɽӵȻǰѾԻһʼЩΪɽһƮƮȻУΪпܻἫΪ˳ĻǾûбҪȥó֯ȥˡ
һթȻʱҶƽԻȴҲ˵ֻҪŻѺõģһ˵˰ǵ־죬һ뷨
ɽĵͷһҪ̸УҶƽҪżĴŵŵһԱھĴһתһתһ£ȵ̸Ҳ١
Ҫǣȵ̸֮ɽһҪͷȻǸȻϯ̸д𼶱Ҳ൱ĲɲҲڸ󳼣λȻҪȻĵĸͣɸӼôеǳҡ
ɽһǴӦˣྩ󷹵ϢţŸټͷһʱһҵϵʮҪãģɽдùϵɽгȥһ´˼Ϊɫɽжʮͷˣһֱ۾Ź⣬ͷΪϲŮˣȥһ˸Ůˡ
ҵһǴɽ뿪ྩ󷹵꣬ǰǵһĻˣҵҲǾģ֪Ǹطкģɽбһͬǰȥ
ɽ͵͵ҵҳģԱȫ֪ȥ򴺣˵ȵڶϵʱȥɽУȴǷɽвˣҵҲǲˡ
Ǹеʮ֣ǲ뻪ķϵפʹϵ֪һ飬ϣפʹݰһ¡
פʹԱһ£ͷҲǸеǳ֣ɽкҵ˻ȥأСĻҪҪ죬ôͻȻˣֱд
ѵ⣿פʹԱ뵽⣬ĻǿҪıûľһ£һʱò⣬û⣬ֻǳȥһˣȻžͻأ
פʹҲì֮УҶƽڶټɽУҪӼһྩƵ꣬ԱȴǸɽвˣ븱档
ҶƽһʵʲôҪ̽һ¡ԱȴǸɽڲκεĿˣȵ֮ټɡԱһʱҶƽɽʧˣӰ쵽ʱô
ҶƽһǸе֣ʲô˼Ҹ̽ӣ߲֮ôû͵ҽԺȥΣҶƽеһãɽйƶˣѵҪƣ˵Ϊ˴˴̸У۳ˣ
һװ֮ûн飬ʹн飬ҲҪԹΪأΪˣǾͬϡڣ
ţҶƽȴҪ˽һɽбϾǵĵϣҪҲܼ򵥣ֻҪһ¼ؿһСӵĶ֪ˣһʲô
ҶƽŸȥ£ֱϵŵģһ鲻ȥˣþһ¼жһɽûڱݣȻûв
ȥྩйֽϵྩӵĵ绰ǳ£Ҫ֪ǣ£ȻפʹûбǷε£ǻҪע⡣
ྩྩ󷹵꣬ĵص˷ļأһȻͷɽеӰһһҵһ߳ྩ󷹵ġɽ߳󷹵ƵٿһɽʲôʱģȴǷɽоûٻǸҵҲǡ
ྩƣȻɽ뿪ྩ󷹵꣬ҿȥûвֻһ飬ӦǳȥΪʲô֮߳ûлأȻûлΪʲô˵أ̽أ
õྩı֮󣬱Ҷƽ˻㱨Ҷƽ֮ȻҲʮֺɣɽвɣ
ǵõֻʱ򣬹һʿʧ¼ɽСҲʧ٣ǲҲıҶƽһ룬ЦһȥĻƶȻ׸ҸɾܶԸģǽջѲǵǸӣСˣĹóռĵıˣǿ϶ˡ
ɽû뷨ǰҪǿɽȥˣΪʲôûлԱΪʲô˵˲ܼͣҪҶƽίྩ飬زɽеȥ
ྩҶƽ͸Ҫ̽ܵ飬ȡ;أһɽ˵ȥɽҵ߳󷹵̴֮⳵뿪
֮󣬾Աҵ⳵˾һµʱ͵⳵Ŭ䣬ʮ͵£Ȼʱɽ˵һĻһۻǿ˲ǻˣпˡ
һ̴ȥɽ³ĵط˽˵ɽ³ĵطٵȡΧļأڷɽкҵӰӣһ߽һһȻһʱѾȥ¥գզôأ
Ա뵽ʲôͷȥͷ˽ɨƵǿһûɽˡԱһ绰˽ץԱûɽˣǸеˣѵɽˣûбץ
ྩȥȥһô¡˾֮һһ鿴ץԱһǲˣɽйץԱ֮Уû˵ԼɽУ˵ԼлУԼһ֣ҵҲǾҲǲɽһҲŪһٵĻͼɻأ˶֪Ӱ쵽ǵ
һֻ֣֪ͨ˱ץ˽˱죬ʱҲ˾͵ŹͳȥҶƽǡ
Ҷƽֱ֪һȻʮСͷˣȻⰮãû뵽ҲˣȻྩɨƣ˸ţ¿Ǻˡ
ȴ˵ˣôǵ֪ɽбץǲ֪ɽбץҶƽ²һ飬˱ȽϽϣǻ֪ɽ潱ץֻǲԸɽҲˡ
Ļȥһˣȥɽһ棬̸һ̸뵽Ҷƽ΢Цһ£һᣬеʱǲȻ󲻾ߣͿץסץסɽΪ췸ԼץסĻǴʧ


1372 ǩЭ
ҶƽѺɽеĵط뾯йԱЭԺǼɽСɽһҶƽ϶ʱڨڨЦţ֪˵ʲô
ɽǺҰҶƽɽǰ΢Ц˵
ɽмæֵͷһ仰Ҳ˵Ҷƽ˿˵ɽô˰Ĵأȴ˵ˣҲ̽ӣԲһǹ̽ˣ
Ҷƽǰ٩ӣɽˣ뻪̸оȻĴȫǸƨҵңԼôҲһ¡
˱ܰȫģΪҵϴһΣ÷ǳʹ죬ûʲô⣬Ϊ֪߲ôģû뵽һȴǵùɽнȥ󲻾ãɽһɯŮһʱ򣬾ͻȻ˽ɽ˶һš
һ뵽£ɽмֱǸеûˣù֪£ϯ̸д϶Ҫ֣ܵҵҵҲɨأʱҵҲ군ˡ
Ҷƽɽͷ²Ҷƽ⡣ҶƽȻ˵ǿ˵ɽϳȥҿ԰æ
Ҷƽһɽ̧ͷҶƽһۣȻһ˵Ҷôң
Ҷƽ˵ҿþ㣬Ҳ߱˶ʲô⣬㿴вУ
Ҷƽ֪ɽе˼ɽвҰ߾죬ʵݸ߾Ļ⽻ȨȻû˵±֪潵£Ҳܽӣ¶ˣ
ȻҶƽһɽжʱ۾ҶƽܰæǾ̫ˣɨأϾôˣˡ
Ҷ⣬⣬ллˣллˡɽпڲʵ˵
ҶƽЦɽÿ֮ҪѺӦ໥æǣҰɽɽһҲ뷨ҵģԲ԰
ҶƽҪģɽпҶƽһۣʵҶҰæʲô
Ҷƽֱɽе񣬾˵ɽΪ̸дҹǽ̸ҾǻǱѺЭ̵̬УǿǩһѺЭ飬ٽ֮ó֮ĽĿͬʵ֮ľɽԴΣ
ɽһ˵ҶҴеĿˣϣȡϡó׵ƣٽ֮ó
Ҷƽȴ΢΢Цһµɽ˵˼ˣ֮Ҫóҹں͹һҪھмĲƷģǼƷҪԲϡóףϡó׵ǲܵģԸӴ֮ĽóףԸ㣡
Ҷƽһ֮ΪڻŴսԣǾǿ̫ľȨ̫ľ÷չȨöó׹ƶģĽǻó׽ռôˣҪ跨ı
ܵóϵӶȻͻܵʼնϻˣҪƻ𣬻ıȻҪȡһֶνз
Ҷƽɽ֮һʱĬȻҶƽҶ鲻ܾģһȥ֮Ҫҹ㱨
ҶƽɽҲûҪ̴Э飬ϣܻعܴٽЭǩһܺõ顣
ҶƽĻɽ˵Ҷϡóû̸𣿡
Ҷƽû̸һҪɽҪΪȡķֶΣҼʹǲȡˣҲ£㹻ԴֶΣȥӦǡ
ɽҶƽĻ֮󣬸евûκεĳɹһҪҶƽˣˡ
ҶһĶ֣Ϸǳװˡɽҡҡͷ̾
ҶƽЦŵɽ㲻ҪԴӼǰ㵱ѵģȻĻôܹأȲһѺЭ飬һҪһѺȻ̸˰û̸κεĳɹعҲûϡóףǿһЩòǾһ򵥵ǻϡӦҲعýһЩ㿴ô
ɽһ˵ҶĻǾǸлҶˡ
Ҷƽ˵ͷɽ̸֮빫Э̣ɽкҵҸ˳ȥҪš
Ҷƽ֮󣬵˵ڶ죬Լɽг棬ʾҪһС
ɽлȥԺԱ϶ҪȥɽоǸǣҵȥ˻ĵһгһĵ飬ͬʱһѣΪһ̸׼
ͱҲû׷ʣȻפʹǱɽлˣҲûȥ
ɽֻʿ˴ֻܵίɣʽԱǿ϶ҪеģĻɽеٺܻܿᱩ¶
ɽнҶȹһأרż̸һЩѺõ飬û֮ƽʹߣɽæǣеǳĹ١
֮£ҶƽԴɽн̸УȻ̸ϴǹལ˽ĽѾɣν̸вһ˫òķͬϡó׹ģͬ߶Իļڹģ˫ʵָԵĻֻһû̫Լ˫Ըٽ֮óԸʾͨ˫̸ȡһĳЧ
Ҷƽɽǩ֣ⷢ˹棬ɽί̸еĹѸýע⣬Դ˽˴ı
Ҷƽһ񲿳̸һѺЭ飬ȻЭʵ壬ǶǣĶǷǳģһӽ̿ʼʩչѹͼֹ֮ĵĽһ˺ƻЭľˡ
ΪհӣһεȻҲ⣬ǩѺЭ֮ȻɽмҪ뻪ĽһǩѺЭ飬ٽ֮óףܵ˵ӣûеΥ˵ּ⣬ҶƽɽǩЭʵϸûеõִС


1373 ӹĿ
ӹͻȻҪ뻪Ľ̸ڰӹҶƽЩǶԴ˵Ӳȴ˿ӹĲҪڰ뵺ʲôϵͳ˵ԸֵܣȴΪ˶Ըġ
ջ𣬵°ӹĲƷڻûˣҲȥˣӹҲףӹ¶ܼ꣬ھȻŴŹҪ뻪Ľ̸ˡ
ӵ֪ͨҶƽٿ񲿵ĸ߲ԲߣӹӾ󣬻ľˣҪߣǲһ뻪ԣھܲˣ̸ܵˣһһµɶģò
Ŵӻĵúôȴһ뻪Ĺȥĺôֱռռˣͣˡ
ҶƽԼȷһ£ðӹ֮ȫڱݣڻΧɶӣӣӹӣ˾ЩɶӸԣϺһƬɶӸո껪ģֵӶˡ
һʱҴҵ󣬸ɶӶһҲҲǹõģҲŶԼļҲøɶϣȻͷŵһЩˣϴͰ϶ҵҲʵЩ˳嵽ǰͷһ£ҲûɶԹɶġ
ϺһƬһҵӶôʵڻݶʵڼ£һɶôҲòˣǲˣ˻ڣֻҪһУʹߴ磬Ƥ뻪ѺãҪǼƳɶġ
Ҷƽһ룬ðӹҪ뻪̸У˵ڹף»Ųסˣһͨ뻪̸֮ɹѹأξԶϵһģֻŻúôȴеʲôϰǹڶ׼ģ黪ľԲܽܡ
񲿵ĸ߲Ǿһһ£Ϊӹ֮ҪĽ̸УҪǹڵľѹãһǰҪ̸еԱҪʿΪʿΪӹҲзԲ𰢵ϵͳģһɿõܽӴǣǻع󷴶Բ𰢵£Իġ
Ҷƽǵķһ룬һҲҪֹڴһУȻɼֲ𰢵ϵͳ
һҲֿԣųҪ׼һЩҪԴӦǣҪǻعж
Ҷƽھо֮󣬲ŰҪӴǡͷǰӹһԱ¬̫ӹ˵־иԣнֵģҶƽ֮Ҳֻ̾ˣ֮󣬱Ц˵̫ãá
¬̫ҶƽһҶƽ֮ʱ΢ЦҶƽ˫֣Եú׽
¬̫ӣҶƽеɽкöˣ˵ӹʻǲ̫һ˸еЩӹƺҪһЩôգֻҪĸɶӣǲôصˡ
ܸ˼¬̫ҲЦҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ¬̫һ߽͵Ĵֱ˵¡ҶƽӹԣȻҪɶģ˱ͨн
ǹҵҵڹѣԱȥǹҵҲˣΪ֮ľó¬̫һ룬Ҷƽ˵
Ҷƽüͷһ˵̫֮ѺõģѺȫλģΪǾùҹŹͬʷ겻ĺھӣһЩ飬˺˻ĸ飬֮ľ䣬ǿˣҲǺܵģҹʣǻӭġ
Ҷƽֻǿһ£ȴûн¬̫ҪĻ¬ֻ̫źôһЩģѵľͻӦǿó
¬̫˵Ҷڹһֱ֮ѺõģҲ֪ǹڵһЩϲȥִҪ𰢵ϵͳҶԴһֱǼԵģϣ˺ĸ顣
Ҷƽ¬̫ڻĻǳѺ̬ȵģƵ˵ֲ𰢵ϵͳǵϵֱ仯ĸԭǺܻӭ̫ѺùϵǹҷʣǼ˵ĻҲûа취ѺùѺãǵѺòûԭģҲǵģ̫عܰ齲ǹڸ˷Բ𰢵ϵͳ֮ʵѺãӶٽ֮ľó
Ҷƽѻ˵ˣ¬̫˵Ҵ˴ʣĿľҪù˽⵽ǵϣܴٽ֮˽⣬ڼ䣬ҽйԱٽл棬ǵýһǵص㣬ϣܹ֧֡
Ҷƽ֧ǿ϶ģ̫ģǻᱣϹҹͶҵȨͬʱҲֹ֧ҵͶʣȻһУƱػþƽһ񻯣ǲԸ⿴ġ
¬̫˵ͷʾͬ۵㣬ҶƽҲܹ飬عȥⷽĹʹǹҵ뻪Ĺȥ뷨
о¬̫˻ϣҶƽ̸һ£ʾỺһ֮Ľգٽó׵ںϣǲòġ
¬̫ҶƽϺ뻪ĵһЩ˼棬Ŀڱǵȡĵ⡣֮¬̫ǻص˹ڣصں󣬷һЩҵʿðӹʮֱ
ŰӹڵҶƽҲЩпӹûʲôȨģҪĺڸùףܹ˭
ҪԼĻȨҪùڵ飬һЩܱ˷ˣĻûʲôӹǸеŲסˣǻĹǿԵʡ
һҪӹ棬Ҷƽͷ⼸ۣһйҪΧĿģһ룬Ա˵ԱҲڶ࣬ٵջҲǶ࣬ҪʱǵĽʱ̲ҪǹңԱ֮󣬺񲿵Ĺµɫ
ӵа֪ͨҶƽҪͬãʵصŷޣǹȥǾȥŷ޸Ѻãٽŷ֮ľԱ֤羭õϵ
ҶƽΪ񲿳ȻҪǰȥȻкöԱһȺˣһȥĹҾǵ¹ڵ¹ҶƽģгŮãѡ
Ȼ˴Ǹ߲ʣҶƽ϶ûǽм棬ͬãҪϹĹΪòıȻǩһóЭͿˡ
һЩ߲쵼Ҷƽһ·Ҳ˵ʲôйһЩ飬Ȼ󿴵պܽţ˼ЦǵôҹЦնʱ


1374 
Ҷƽ˵¹׶֣رݺټҿһᣬȻһֹôҸ׼̸кͻĶ·չ̸
Ҷƽ¹֮ǰҲǵǰ¹˽⣬¹ľ÷չһֱǳǿҵر𷢴ںöණҪ¹ѧϰά¹֮ľóϵʮҪġ
Ҳʮ¹֮Ĺϵٽ¹֮Ѻŷ޲ͰӹĸɶӣСܣȻСǾͲôϴĻֻиɶ׶ӲŻôһͰӹͬ
͵¹˻̸ص̸֮ξϵʵԾϵΪ˴ŷ֮УҪҪŷ޹ҴһϵеóЭҪóԪŷ޵ĲƷ˵¹ӢȹǳӴ˴λ쵼á
һóŮǵĲƷǸеǳ𺳵ġҶƽ֪Ժ룬ҷչˣǿˣкôڵĹһҶĶģЩһԣʵûбҪֶΣǾֶξǸеѹˡ
ȻóھͣڳȥҪôǸ߿ƼһĶǿ۵ģ۵ģǿ϶ںö߿ƼĶԼˣҪǵģ֮⣬ҪһЩԴȱľԴÿĵԴҲǲ٣ҪԴŷطҲûʲôԴĿеĻĹҵûûбҪоˡ
ŷ޸ҵ̲гȻҲǲ̫̫ҪгˣȻҪ뻪ĵгȴҪһľӹҲỪгŷڱȽһ¹⣬ĹҵʵȽǿһֱǻѧϰĿ꣬ҲҪֺûһóɱﵣӮûĵϿɣӶסڻĵľ
¹֪쵼еĿģȻټ˹ڵĶҵҹ뻪ķл̸ڵ¹ҪϢǾǮҪʵʵڵĶ޷ǣǾԲҪǵĶ
ҶƽʱʮæµҪṩϢкܶפڵ¹Ҳźܶ࣬⻹һЩĵҵͶʣ¹ҲԻһЩϵϢ
鱨һҷǳҪھ鱨鱨ⷽҪһЩ鱨ӶΪ쵼˾ṩ㡣
Ҷƽ¹⹤ڵ񲿳ȻǷǳһ飬פԱרҪԵؾ鱨ѼȻⲻȥѼһط鱨һ飬ȥΥصķȥЩ顣
ҶƽЩյ鱨ϢжϷӶ¹̸С
ҶƽΪҪμԱμ·Ļ̸·ؽ̸Ա·̸ԻĽܵΪĵڻĵ쵼˵ĸҶǺܻӭģΪʵš
·ҲǺϣΪҪķǵĲƷǱóõĶչʾ˿Ȼλ̸ϡֻǽһЩԭԵĶĲҪҶƽ
¹Ҳˣȡ˻ķҪȻݻķҪһЩŵȻҲԭԵģֻҪǴӦˣ¹ҵǻҪķṩȽĲƷ
Ȼŷ֮һԣҲ˵ǴĹϵȻʱһ£ʱ绹ҪģȻ׷ĽŲԻĽһЩ߿Ƽķ
ԴˣһֱǷԵģҪǽԻĵĸ߿Ƽڽֻϵԭ޷㻪ĵҪ
Ȼ˴ʣҪģҪǵľóģ·һСʱĻ̸һЩĵӣǾ̸ֻҪܶˣСǺ̸ˡ
̸󣬻·ǩóЭһⶼҶƽȰźõģڵ·ܲЩǾǵˡ
ǩЭ֮רž˷ᣬ򵥵ػش˼ߵʣȻʵ¹ļƻɣ¹ǩ˸ߴһԪĲɹϹϢ¹жʱһƬƮ죬Ӣ֪ѾεȴŻȥǹҷˡ
ɻֻεŷ޷Ӣ쵼ڻ쵼û֮ǰǰٿᣬ˻ҪǹҷʵϢַʽԻ˵Ļӭ
Ҷƽ֪飬΢Ц˵ʵߣֻҪǵ飬Ǿͷǳˣߣ෴żǧѬգһֱ岻ڶ⽻УȽעضԷĸܣʩˣǻĵĽԭ򣬶ԮҲǻ˵Ѻ֮ȻȴһֱռνĵƸߵ㣬ǵĹ֮ǿʹνĵƸߵ㣬ҲıȡĹ߶ѣǵʵѧɵġ
뵽ЩҶƽеҲҪת˼·⾭ýҪıȡ棬ͬʱҲҪעػȨᣬҪǵųΪǵţǼȲֻ壬ҲֻҲˣҪǽǵõҪĶȻǺܸˣҲҪǵҪܶԵȣؼΪѺõĿĶûЭò
ӢĹҵʵ¹˵ҵʵҪôһأҲǵ֮ҲҪõһЩҪĶȻҲŴõ󶩵ٽǹҾõķչ
Ҳǵͳ˻̸˹ͬǩ˴ǩԺǵĹҲһƬƮ죬˿˻Ӱ졣
Ӣ뻪ĵĹϵ֮ǰһֱڲȶ״̬Ӣץסữֲȶٽ֮Ľ̸Ǹеǳ⡣
ŷԴӶս֮󣬱ǧ϶ĵزҪԭǵĹʵС˿Ҳ֮࣬ܳ缸꣬ΪǿƼķԴأƼķչǳΪȽĹңӶʵѸռģڲìأ໥ȥռ˱ˣķչ˵Ǵŷ޵˳糵ֱѹŷޣԼಽСܣһֱ춼޷ı䣬Ȼ컪ŷԽԽٴγϣˡ
Ҷƽ˼˥ʱ򲻽ͻ뵽Щ飬Ĺ˿ڶ࣬г󣬷չѸ٣ֻҪŬչһǿʵֻΰ˵ġ


1375 ¬
ĴӴľóܵŷǸһȫ綼䶯ҶƽΪóŵҪԱһ¼Ȼеܹ٣ǰǻ˼ңֵˣǾ÷չ͹ǿıȻ
֮ȥˣҶƽŷʱûȥҪŷ˵ĹԱ̸һ̸ŷó⣬ó֮ҪأҲҪҵ¸̫һPPPģҲҪϵȥһѣ£һǧ϶ŷˣǿ֮ĹϵҲһ¡
ҶƽΪĵϯ̸дǿһŷ˷Ĺϵϵڸոһʴŷ˵ĹԱȻǳˣҶƽʱЦС۾ȻӹԱ۾С
Ҷƽ飬ŷ˵ĹԱʾǳȤԸ뻪Ľܵľóϵǲһ͵ģҪһڵ̸йֻ̣Ҫŷ֮ŹͬĿ꣬һʵֽŷ֮ó롣
ŷ˵ĹԱ̬ҶƽȻָϴӦĵҪǴƣͿνУȻ˿ʹﵽĿˡʵֵĿ껹ǳ̫˵飬ڻŷ֮ĹϵһУ˽һ£Ȼʵһ£Ҫѹĵľ÷չռ䣬ȡǵĹ档
Ҷƽ̸ег˴ĵķƱãȻȻȫȻԻĹɲŷˡһЩú;´ȻˣȻȻȫ뷨Ȼ֮һǾϵĲģҰʱıԣʱĿĻΪ˾ȡ档
Ҷƽŷ̸һڣǩһЩЭ飬Ȼǻعˣ£Ҷƽеǳƣ٣ȴǾܾˣλϾҪӦæµĹһеƣҪϢʲôʱϢɡ
񲿲ǹעн飬ڵҲҪעҵķǹҾ÷ı־ûҵϵĽҵľÿ϶Ҫ뵽һͣ͵״̬
ڵķչٳ¾õĲһ϶Ҫעϰͼŵܲ¬Լ棬Ҷƽ֪Ժ󣬱̴Ӧˡϰͼһҵҵڹ÷ˮνһٽķչЩҪнһ¡
¬һǳ̸ˣͷҲȻЩôţƺ̫ëö붼ǴţģֻҪڴţͬʱܹ̤ʵ¾С
¬֮ǰ¬ϵǳҪãҶƽͻȻ֮¬ƶҶƽ˽⣬ҲϤҶƽһطʡ쵼ȻһԾϳ񲿳ǲʲô
Ȼֻ¬뷨ԲֳҶƽӣϾҶƽ񲿳ҵҪչҪֲ֧УȻԼٴı£ҲǷչ
¬ƵҶƽҲ˽һЩҵľҪչҪһЩµ˲ţӹھõĻ¬ӦǴµ˲ŵУҲǱȽЩµҵңһ굽Ǯ۵ҵҡ
¬񲿻˼Ҷƽ񲿵Ļͷ¬Ƽ档һ¬֮Ҷƽ֣¬һ̹ӣ˫ȥҶƽ֡
ҶƽЦЦ¬ͬ־ǳᰡǰ¬ͬ־־׹ڼˣ
¬Ц벻Ҷ֪ңһҶһվſҶûգԵڲŹ
¬һܻ˵ˣҶƽЦЦʵǾϢʱңҲǵģҪӪҵڸո˰ɣ
¬˵ոУȫһIPOǳ˳ڹڵķչʮǰҲû뵽ᷢչֵزⶼǹҲϷչԵʣҷչˣҵ߳ȥҲǸеü
ҶƽЦ¬ͬ־˵ķǳԣҷչ˲ܷչҲչ˱ٴҲûãʱӢۣ¬ͬ־Ӣۣһֱִ£ʱĽģһһعˣ˵Сһҵһңīسɹ棬ҪӦʱչϴ£ķǳá
¬˵ҶǹˣֻǾԼŬȥĿǰ಻ĵطͬʱҲһЩѡ
Ҷƽһ˵ʲôѾͽ취ǽʵʩ߳ȥսԣǴҵҲ߳ȥϣøá
¬Ʒǳ˵صͷ¬ƴ˴ιֻҶƽõĹϵûĿģҶƽڼԺ󣬾ùҲҪһЩҵ߳ȥΪʵֹҷչսԶȻ¬ȻҵĺãһЩСȴǲע⣬뷨עһ¡
Ҷƽ¬һԷҶƽǳƽ׽ˣûи߹ٵļӣ¬ƵЩϲҶƽˣʱҶƽЦҶƽǺǵЦţ˵ǵľ񣬾ˡ
¬ƱЦ˵ԼȦŲٵѣǸԼĹϵǳҪãҪʲôһ
¬һۣҶƽ˵¬ͬ־ЩĹϵǳУǺ»ǻأ
û뵽Ҷƽ¬һʱûзӦ˵ҾǺ°ΪѶ·Ȧˣڵľ򾭼ãҾǷǳġ
Ҷƽ֪Ƕ˵Ǻ£㱾Ҳˣҵˣʲô¶нɫʶ˽½Ӵһδɣǽ̫࣬»ҵһӰ죬Ǿ˵һЩǳϧǵëҲǰԣҽ㰡ҪమϧһԼëҪñ˸ŪˣҵķչҵˣҲϵҵ飬Ϊ׳ˣҲǹǿһ˵ǲǰ
벻ҶƽԶ¬ҶƽĻеڵĵλٲϧëһһ˸һأҶƽҵԼҪŬȻԲסҶκ֧֡
¬æҶƽʾԼȥԺһҪ˼һ⣬һҵķչ˼·˼ٹҶƽ档
ҶƽЦЦ¬ͬ־ֻһ飬ԼǰȻһ˵ҵˣ
¬ϺǺǴЦҶƽ׽ˣҵչҪ֧֣ôܽиأǶҸ˵Ҹ棬Ҿ÷ǳãϣһֱ֧ҵķչΪָʾ
ҶƽһҲǲǺǴЦ¬ͬ־һȤˣֲЩʲôİϲ㽻أһûдʲô
¬ֿһЦҳʲôŰ
ҶƽˬʴЦ


1376 ˼ͨ
Ҷƽ¬Ƶļǳ죬̽ĴмʵҪĹӪУһЩУҪǼ˽ҵȻһЩȷľߡ
ⲻ¬ǰŸߣͬ־ˣͬ־¬ͬѧ˫һֱžΪʲôأΪ˲ͣỪ׸ͷΣеʱ¬ͬѧͻȻð˳׸ͬ־أӵڶǲϹзƱ̫󣬽ǵһͿһĲֵͬ־Ҳ˻׸Ļᡣ
ͬ־¬ͬѧЩˬȻⲻǸԭ򣬸ԭأȻ˵ҵӪʽȫһ¬ͬѧ¾ãɱһƬʵ̣Ȼͬ־ȴ̵ģܲ
Ȼͬ־Ҳһˣƣйݣ˼Ҳ÷ˮ𣬶ҿʼҵ淢չʵҵתͣŰѷزˣҪˣ˼ͬ־Ҳĺãҵǿˡ
ҶƽһȻҲǾѾãΪ˼˸еصġҲǱȽϴˣˣҶƽҪ˼ҡ
ܺð質治ڶˣҶƽƺ¬Ϊ¬ͬ־Ϊ¬һӪҵңһͬ־¬Ƹе־ͬϵģȻ⻰ᴦ룬ͬ־ͬ־˼ҿǵģ˽һܱȽϺʡ
ֵС۾ЦҶҲҵĸ裿
ҶƽЦһĸ裬ҾרǳĲ˵ҵҵг質õģǸ質ҵõģȫһƬ֮ʣҿ֮Щˣ
ֹЦ˵ҶʱרΪٰһݳᣬһǮһŵƱʵ׬һڵСĿ꣡
ԳҶƽҲǴЦ˵Ķԣ׬һڣ㿪һݳҪ׬һڣЩרҵĸҲ޵˰һڵСĿ꣬öϴ氡
ֹЦ֪ԼһʱʧԳǵЦʵ⻰˵ԼֻǱ˼ˣǴͣôһ°ɣһҪԼ˵ľ񰡣
Ҷƽ˵˵ЦЦȻֹҵӪı档ֵҵܴ󣬶һǹϵķزҵҵҪʵתͣҶƽԴ˸Կ϶زûжٿƼĺֻܹٽҵڴٽҵͬʱҲúܶ𷿣˸⣬ʵƽð취ǼҪչزҵͬʱҲҪɿأʧأø𷿡
ȿǵᷢ⣬ʱʵҵתһܺõ飬ʾǳԱĻҵչֵҵܽĻҵչһǵѡ
Ȼⲻֻˣ¬ҲǿˣʼֱʲĻҵչ¬ۺʵ϶ָĲһֱ໥š
ܣڱ㻹ҶƽЦźֿһЦ
֪Ҷƽ˵⻰˼ǺЦȮ̫ϲμֻû취û취
Ҷƽ̹ЦȮӰҲһˣ
ЦҶƽĻǷǳģȻȥǿЦܴݳʲôϢҶƽǲӲˣȻҶƽһֿЦĿǺ˵ģҲҪԼǲ̫ߵˣҶƽĸ߹ע⵽ˣؼԺҪǳСʵһ㡣
ʵϣҶƽû˼ŻԾһĵģ¬϶룬ȻǶεˣȻͻˡ
Ҷƽڵ̽˼棬ҪǶԹڵҵչһЩ˽⣬ӶΪ׳гѶһľûйڵгͲжԹĴֱʣԽԽӻĹӴгĵ˿̫࣬гȻǿ󣬵˿ȴԶԶСڻģŻĹˮƽߣӴΪǷǳֲģֻڻ˺ö໹Ǵӿӹģûγѵϰߣ⻹һЩҽƺͷ۵ѹһЩ˲ѣֻҪЩˣѵı϶Ƿǳܵġ
ŹҵҼ˽ʱ񲿳˼ͨ͸⽻ҪʵҪ⽻ŰҶƽҶƽһ¿˼ͨǰҪʵĿġ
˼ͨˣҶƽȻ֪ģǻûм棬ǿ棬ǿӡ˷ǳܰǰ棬ҵľ棬̸ʱǱֳǳӣ˾ʮᣬǿֶˣ֪˵
ǿһҶƽ۾ʵ֮䣬˷Ȼռһλãվ̸нĻǹ֮ʵ˼֮ͨԻţĹʵûĹʵţƸƨڻĵʵҲСˣѵҧĲɣ
˼ͨҶƽһţһ߶ſ˼֣ͨ˼ͨҲȤզ֣ȻҲǵķ룬ҲȤ˼ͨ˽ͨСӲʲô˽ͨΪɣ
ҶƽЦһ£ֻһ£ȴռƣ˼ͨûʲôµģҪˣͬʣʾԼС
Ҷƽһ룬Ǿͬ˼ͨʣҪǰø׼ֹ˼ͨʲôֵҪӰ쵽
ȡĽ飬ҶƽľȷģԤ˼֮ͨԻʣ϶Ϊ֮ǰȥתһȦסˣҪ뻪̸һ̸һɫ
Ҷƽһ룬ĺе˼߲ͨƣ߲ǼȻҪУǾҪҪ£ʲô۶ֻҪ׼ʵΪܣ˼ͨκβǡ
֮Ҷƽǿʼ׼˼̸ͨе飬ҪǿΪǿǾϵ̸רңҶƽʮأǿҶƽȻᣬǱȽ˲ţеȻҲǶҶƽʮ־ˣȻȻرҶƽָʾȥ÷ڵ顣
Ҫ׼Ҫ鱨Ҷƽ̰פԱڵһЩ浽ڣһڵǰ֪֪ܰս⽻̸оҪ̸Ҳˡ
ⶨ֮⽻űǿʼЭȷ˼ͨûڣҶƽ߱׼̸Ҫ񲿸⽻ЭŵĹҪЭá


1377 ž
ϢԴԴϵش˹Ҷƽ֪Դϴλķȥŷһ֮Ҳը˹Ϊǵ֪ŷǩôһ֮ڵҵǲˣǸеܣûбǵ棬ҲҪӴԻĵĳڣӶ׬ȡǵûǺܲˬ
ǲˬĻôһҪѡĻǾͲٳǮˣͬʱЩ̨֮Ҳ뵽ҵˣټ׬ǮˣһģЩǱҪΪǵ
һǿӲĿ˼ͨǳǵĳͲΪǿ˼ͨİ»֮ľóϵ˻£ͬʱŷСܼ˱ˣٲĻŷ޵ó̸һʵǿǾҪ鷳ˣ
ڱҪóĴʩֹһķǾԲһζضԻǿӲҪʱҲҪ£һ£
˼ͨС²ɿҪͳˣһܸɵ񲿳ȥĽ̸СȻ˼ͨͳˣ˵ͻͳǴӦȥķʣһǵҪǲҪż˼ͨͬ־ˢӵģȥĽ̸С
˼ͨôסԼλӣͷòᣬЩҵ̫񻰣ȻҪְɣͳԼС浽󣬹ϵͷţھͳְˡ
ͳҲˣȥ˻ĲҪٱֵôǿӲҪ£һ»ģǵĺͳĻ˼ͨͷȻٰ㲻⣬Ҳֻˣ˭еͳ֮ܵͳȫЩҵ֧أ
˼ͨͨԺķҪʵ򣬱ʾҪǿ֮ľóϵٽ֮Ѻϣķ֮ʵԵĻá
˼ͨ뻪ĽûʱǷǳģĹڵһУͬá
ǣ˼ͨһҵܵˣ⽻һҶƽһ𵽻ӻҲǸ߹ˣϾ˼ֻͨһ񲿳ڳǰȥӻҲǸܴˣҶƽԹӻ
˼ͨҲǵһμҶƽҶƽ΢Цվ֣Цݣûյְ
Ҷƽ֣˼̷ͨڵ٩سҶƽ˼䡣Ҷƽ΢Ц𣬿ҶƽǳϽӣ˼ͨʱеʧģһĵģֻװЦ뻪Ĵ򽻵ˣȻĻǰҵҲԸ⡣
Ҷƽڽӻ֮󣬱ǺͿ˼ͨһȥ˹ʴ󷹵꣬˼ͨһо˼ͨڼҶƽԺ󣬱ǿʼҶƽһʲôˣֱеҶƽһöԸˣԭ¬Ǵģ¬˺ºͣİ֪ҪǿٱȻΪű䱾뻪Ĺȥʹתŷޣ˵Ĵ
ʱȻ¬ֻҪıһ̬ȾͿˣȻ¬ˣҶƽӲôöԸˣ㲻ɣҪ̸егԴ
ʱҵǱһҪһĵģЩҵԵñȽϼ꣬Ҫ뻪ǩһһӼƻûҲҪɹĲƷȽѰΪȥŷսԲ֣ȻģȻǹŻĵģƲһҪûĴֱʹǵĲƷҲҪһЩС
ҪͳľУһ񲿳ܽģܿ޷Ŀ꣬ǿֶأô񲿳λӾ͸Σˡ
ûе˼ͨǸеƣӦ˵ô뻪ĴνһֱǱȽϺģΪĵսԾˣıչȻٽĻܸõľãһЩΪĶǹҵķչս԰ʱȥճԿĻԼȻöȴΪһֱ£ʱռһˣǴӳԶȴһǳ޴ΪִֻиհԶ쵼˲뵽ŹǿıȻҪԼĹսԣʼΪˡ
ڻΪʱ򣬿˼ͨһ뵽£ǸеǷǳģǿӲƨãƨãʵֻ¿ʹǿӲҲǿˣҪŻˣǿӲ˭棿
ϵĹҪģ˼ͨ齱֮󣬸г̰ţԼһڸ˼ͨӵΪôôһˣһ£ҲǸ˼ӣȻĻҶƽ̸һ̸ˡ
ڴü˿˼ͨ˼ܼͨҲһʤٻȥͳˣô˻̸˰ɣ
˼ͨ󣬱Ǳ˼ǿ֮Ѻõ˼Ҫٽ˫ľó˫飬뻪ĵҵ֮䶼Ѻýģи˲ӭֽȻԹȥ˼ά磬вͨġ
ֳ緶˼ͨǣǰܵһѹһѹΪ񲿳ԽԽԼĲ԰ףӶҲ뻪ĵ̸еֳһ棬ά뻪֮佻š
лܰæ֮гʱң˼ͨУס֣Ȼȥ
˼ֻͨǻһ棬һֻѺýĸ飬ҲֻǳһںأھЭ̻ҪҶƽ̸С
Ҷƽڿ˼֮ͨ󣬱Ǵ˼ͨʽ̸С˼ͨҶƽһ
Ҷƽ˿ſ˼ͨһ˵ʲôҶƽһۣһʱû˵˼ͨҲǿһۣ˶촽һ˵ǲٵĹᣬڵ˻ǵʱ˰ɣ
ȻһӦĶ֣Ҷƽһ仰֪˼ͨͬһ̸ж֣ǵʱ򣬾ȻὲòǵĻ
ҶƽһȻǲֱԷһǰǹҲٵĶҲ˸ù黹ʱˣ
̸õͬ룬Ȼ˼ͨϴһ⵽Ҷƽ˼ȵ⵽仰˼ʱɫһӾͱˣû뵽ҶƽҪǿӲĶ࣬ҶƽУǲɶҡģַͨʽȻľͷǾʹشˡ
˱ֵʿ˼ͨɫһ£ȻѸָֻԳʽ˵һ䣬ͼһ˸ղɵĽž档
Ҷƽ仰;棬һ룬ȴǱȻ࣬˵һֱ׷֮ѺõģѺΪۣԸѡѺòǵģ໥ġ


1378 ޹
ҶƽᣬԹϼ˼ͨҶƽǿӲһʱᵽҶƽΪ񲿳¬Ĳͬ
˼ֻͨ΢Ц˵Ļ׵ģû˼ҲֻѺõģ˴ʣΪ˴ٽ֮ľóٽѺá
˼̬ͨȺ˺ܶ࣬ҶƽŰɫ˼ͨϿɵģ˵˹ĹᣬǾһˣôأһֱǳ͵壬ֻҪҪ££ǵĹǣ˼ͨҹٽ֮ľóǾҪԳʵǵ⣬ҸոմŷǱ߻ҿǵ̬ȾǷǳϵģûǹȥ˼ǷǳģܹͬԿֻƶǻźΪ󣬺ƣûһֵͷʲôҲɲɣ˼ͨóѺõĳ
ҶƽϬľ˵ķ񣬿˼ͨˣɫˣеԼղѹˣʹҶƽͬҪȫˡ
Ǵųģǵĳ⣡˼ͨæ
Ҷƽƽصⲻ˵ģģոնҹһ飬˵ʲôѺأǹҸʲôóϵսǲ£Լķչ·ǹҸóϵĺͲҪвһǵĵߣǲκεĶթ
ҶƽĻÿ˼ͨһʱ˵ǿЩţǿ˵ϽˣǺܸˣǲҪҪó⣬ٽ֮ѺѺ洦ǳ֮
˼ͨһǿ˵˵̫ˣǲӦӦұľ˼ղֻһᡣ
˼ͨת֮죬Ҷƽ᲻Ȼ֪֪˵ҪҪȫλĺǽĳĺΪǲ뵱֮ѺõʹߵĻǾȥԺתǵ˼ܽ𹮹̵ϵľó˳
˼ͨصȫλĺ
ҶƽҪȫλĺ鲻˿ģȥǵͳо֮˵ڼǿ֮ó£ҵСˣֻҪѺãʲô鶼̸
ͬ˼ͨһҵǿ˼ͨҶƽ̸˰죬˿ûռʲôˣҲûнǴʱ˱˵ҵʿһֱѺõģϣܴٽ֮ó
Ҷƽһ˵ǳ˿ҵҵı̬Ҳ̬ȣĿǰ˵ǿ̫ԻĲѺõΪӰ쵽ǵĶ⽻ڲ֮óǹĳЩܸı䵱ǰ̬ȡ
Ҷƽ̬ȣͳԺУÿ˼ͨǼҵǸеҶƽô˵ģóж
˼ͨҶƽ̸˰죬ҶƽԼ̬ȣȻ°볡ʱҶƽǿ˼̸ͨУڿ˼ͨûȨ㻪ĵҪ󣬻ķȻҲûҪ̸˫һ
ķһν飬ǿ˼ͨͷȴѹΪڵҵͷǲԸⰡһλнܲҵңǾ˦˼ͨ취뻪ķ浥Ӵ
ܲڷɻҵľͷӴķɻгע⣬ȻȴǸոŷ޵Ĵɻǩ˺ͬеѹܴΪŷĴɻһֱžŷһ뻪Ĵ˺еЩʳҪ֪мԪķɻгջ̫ˣʵס
ڿ˼ͨ겻ɻķĹͨԼж֮侭óͻƿڡΪĴҵҪϵʮУͳҲŷǳеĽͳ֮ܵͳһݹͣͳһҪлĵطͳΪ񣬸ŪôһξͲ֧ͳˡ
˼ͨȫŵ̬ǻķץסû㹻Ȩ뻪Ĵص򣬱쵼ܴƽ֣ľóϵһȫλķչ
ǿҶƽ֧£ҲǴ粽ãԶԶ˿˼ͨĹƣֻöǿ˵̫ǿӲˣ̫ǿӲã
˿˼ͨ仰ǿЦһǻһǳѧϰ壬ǻ˻һ֮֮ؿҲ˵⻰
˼ͨȴҡͷĵĻ̫ˣ˵仰Ҳʲô˼
ǿ΢΢һЦҾ͸㣬ôԴǵģҲôԴǣΪǵʱˣҲӦһ±Ϊѵζ˼
˼ͨǿĻ֮ϲ¶ЦȻʼ˵ǻѺùң
ѺòѺãģһһˣǲܰѺùڿͷϣǻȰƽѺõĹңϣܹһֱѺദȥٽ֮ľó츣񣬵ǹȻ˴һ˼άʽƽȿǣǷǳΪȥǵͳ㱨ıִͳ˼άʽ
ǿϵıʾÿ˼ͨ޻˵ֻٴʼ磬εӡ
ǰ˫޹գ˼ͨеĻعûҶƽܲǩһ飬֮Ҫǿó˫Ľһкô
Ҷƽ˿˼ͨҪ֮˷Ҳÿ˼̫ͨѿҪнڣ߼˲ǻ˵˼άʽҪȻͼߡ
Ҷƽ֮˻㱨ҶƽǵıȽܵͬ뷨񲿵˼ͨǩЭΪһļ̸д»
˼ͨ뻪ķǩЭ飬ȻЭն󣬵ܱɶûеĺãȥԺ󣬿ͳЩҵǣû˼ˣķҪ̫ߣûͳɡ
˼ͨ񣬵ڽܲЭһĲֵûŷ޵õʵݣķó׷ûʲôʵԵòҲûд󶩵뷨Լ뻪ķһ̸С
˼ͨҶƽ̸֮׼عǽܲȴĵǿȡϵʾԸ䵱֮ʹһЩشһ֣ϣܹõӦ


1379 ȥ
ܲǿϵ֮ǿ̱ҶƽҶƽӵ֮󣬱ǿ顣֮佻ȻеʱҲһЩͨܵﵽһЩĿġ
ҶƽȻûа⽻ȴҲ֪ЩڽܲҪ䵱֮ʹһЩش⣬еȽشǽܲһ̽أͼ
ҶƽҪ飬Ҫܲл棬Ӧõ׼档
ӵԺ˼˰죬ҶƽƽҿܲǶҪѺõģ˼ͨûдﵽĿģҵ뻪ף˵ڲìܵģҪǵìһЩ飬ȥͽܲӴһ£һĵףһĻмǿɿģ˵ҪʹһЩش⣬ɲС飬ҿɣ
׼Ҷƽ֪ôˣԼǰ⹤ģܲˣʲôСóѣȻܲϵģԼҲҪԣܲﵽ֮ѺõĿġ
ܲʱҲǽصȴŻķĻظΪ˼ͨҪ뿪ˣЩÿ˼֪ͨÿ˼ͨȥԺǸ
Ҷƽܼܲ档Ҷƽ󣬽ܲ̾˵Ҷ֮ʹ飬ǵ쵼ʲô뷨
ҶƽԵúܼƵ˵һЩǸܲѺýĳ⣬Ҿ㵱ʹûʲôҪ
һҶƽ̼ܲ˵ҶǹźܶѺõʿǧ˼ͨ˸Իˣ֮ľó츣Ĵ£һҪѺý
ܲ˵ϣҶƽʶҪ£һ½ܲ˵ܲȻӭΪʹٽ֮Ľһ֮ɣ
ҪһԽܲʵһжܲһҶƽ֮˵ҶҸ㱣ֻ֤ҪһЩҵһ򻪸ʩѹǿסģźܶϵǿ˼ͨܣҲͷ飬ϣҶ͹ҡ
ܲϣҺʵҶƽ˵ܲǿĳ⣬¾Ҫôأ
ܲ˵˼ͨһعȻȥϵһЩҵ򻪸ʩѹڻϵƶԻãĻͿԽܶˣ˵ǲǣ
û뵽ܲҶƽеһӼ˸ˣĵǰڷչ׶ΣҪȶĹʻɵó׻ܲôõĻǶڻ˵һõĻᣬҪץסᣬΪԼĹҽ߾ȫ
Ǽʹ˼Уڽܲǰֳκе飬Ҷƽƽ˵˵ͳһֱԸи߲㻥ãҲûлõȤܲҿܻ޹
ܲ˵ֻҪԸ⣬һ˵ͳʡ
Ҷƽо仰ԹУǴʳԣҲԣܲڷչĺܺãŷ޵ĺҲǺܺá
һŷ޵ĺܲЩջæ˵ҵҪǿŷ޵ģӦ
Ҷƽ΢ЦǾͿıˣԼķչ·
ҶƽƵӣܲͱʾһ񣬴ٽ֮Ѻá̬ܲҶƽűֳӣعŬһ¡
ܲһ̸꣬Ҷƽ棬˱棬ͳȥ
ܲ棬ҶƽҲǸе֮ĽԶǴֱʵ飬ûһֳڳ˵޷⽻ģԼ⽻٣ھóϵԭԼ䵱⽻ٵĽɫ˸е̼
Ҷƽ֮󣬾ûȥʴ£ΪϱԺ󣬽ţ⽻ŸһϵͳḶ́һ޷ɵġ
ǰҪ˼Ļǽ̫˵⣬Ҫ뽨̫ˣҪҽ̸УȻ̸һ飬ûκεô̸иչȥ
ˣԸ飬ҪһԽġڵľʵѾȽǿˣҪһЩԸվڻһ߻Ҫһֶεġ̫ˣڻûй鲻ӦûӦñĹ˻ɻĵĿġ
ȻҪĸأҶƽǿ˽һϸķ
֮˾пܣһǺӹңȻ뻪Ļֵ£üȥҪþõһӣ˵ĻȻ޳̫ˣ˵ģˣȻúӹΪȴΣԡ
һǾǻĵǰˣðûķģõĳʲô⣬ֻǰľʵȽУһ㣬ȥҶƽ϶ðᣬҪȥһ˰Ǳȥó̸һ̸
Ķ飬Ҷƽ㱨׼ǰ̸Уⷽźá
ҶƽŷɻǰǱߣǵһ滹һЩ֪˻ζԴ
֮һ·ɻȴǿӭˣֻһ
̫˸еˣҲ̫¡ˣһ·ɻ߹еӵľֱеܲˣоȼ˻Ҫһ㡣
һӭ㣬ҶȻûĶ˵仰
ҶƽǸе޷˿̵飬ֻĽӴζ
һֱĸоҶƽЦһЦ˵
Ц˵ǾǵˣǼǾһ㣡
ҶƽǺǵЦһ߽γȻʻȥ
һ·ϰĵҶƽڷɻϵӦӦ⣬Ƚϼ࣬ǻᾡ˵Ҫ
ҶƽЦŸҪҶԼ̫ͲˡֿЦˣҶƽĻʵеܸˡ
֮ҶƽȥϢҶƽԸϢģǰҪֱϢûа취Ϣȴŵڶó̸һ̸ⷽ顣


1380 
ҶƽһкƺƵ˰סܵ˼Ϊ¡صĴϢһý壬⵽˰ҵķ̣˵ʲôʲôģǴζʮ㡣
Ҷƽڿǽ̫˵ʱ򣬸ûпǰңΪŲ˼ʲô̬ȣˣ֮Ѻùϵ겻ġ
ҶƽڶѺý̸̸ֽǴ˽ʵģģǴﻪ쵼˵һЩţð֪ǳҶƽ˽̸Ϊ˽̸ǳҪ
ҶƽҪ̫˵飬ҰѰΪҪһǷǳˣʾԸΪ˽кٽ˵ĵ
Ӧ˴£ҶƽȻҲǷǳˣ֮Ĺϵ룬Ȼп˻ǻҪģܱȻԼǿ
̸֮Ҷƽžǵó˻̸ó̸Ҫ̸һЩ֮侭飬ԼͶʵ飬˵¾Ͳó̸ˣ֪ˣֱӰŵġ
ҶƽһĻ̸ðյ˲ٵĺȻǩЭ顣Эһǩ˺ܶҵע⣬ӹұȽϹעĵľó򣬶ǵ۹ҲܶûͻȻܵǸطȥʣһ񲿳ʣǻɻǲʲôµĶ
Ҷƽڰ죬ܵ˰ͷдͬʱǩһݾóЭ飬Эǩ֮󣬱ֱӷ˺ӹ
ӹȻʱᵱǣһƬһӰҪ̫˵Ľ軹Ҫ̸һ̸Ȼʱģȥ̸ֻóúӹȳͷϣ̫ˡ
ӹϵ׵ҶƽһǷӹ˺ӹ·ɻʱ򣬺ӹɳǵóײǰӻЩˣҲǶԵȣӹôģԻĵˣǻҪм𾴡
ӹóײҶƽ֣ӹ˵߾ЩУҶƽе֣еСһƤںڣӹ̫̫
Ҷƽֻżһ룬΢ЦóײԻһǰӹߵǼ齡
ӹڵȻҲҪĵ֧֣Ȼľ÷չҲܵӰ죬Ҷƽ̸ó⣬һ顣ӹҶƽ棬ӹһ΢ЦҶƽǴǼһ棬ǾԵ̫ʧˣҲпʧȥһЩᡣҶƽڰĴӹҲ֪ģȻûȥӻڳҶƽһǱġ
ӹ̸˰죬ص̸ľó⣬ӹ֮ʾͬʾҪǿ֮ľٽһ廯
ҶƽͰѼǿ֮ľϵһЩ˳Ȼ˫ǩһЩЭ飬ƽ֮ľó
ҶƽӹǩЭҲǹ˳ȻͣǰӶ̸һ̸ӶҲ̫һӣϵУҪҲ
ӶҲϣܷƣ׬Ǯ뻪ѺãҶƽȥ֮ȻܵʢĻӭͳн̸ǵһЩ뷨˳ʾҪٽ֮ľǿ֮Ľ
Ҷƽ˳ҲǩһЩЭ飬ǩЭ󣬱ǻص˹ڡһҶƽʱ˲ٵķͷȻ˵͵ȥڹȴǺܸߵʾĶǵ֧֮⡣
ջķᣬǿ֮ľóע⡣ӹһֱڹע飬Ҷƽһ꣬ĵʲôأΪʲôͻȻûµĶ
ҸʵУҲҪԼҪǣΪ벻뻪ĵľϣھ÷չܵõгĵһһǻǡ
ɽлص֮󣬱Ű취ٽ֮Ľڻϡó׷ֲòҲûȥ飬Ȼȥ״滪ġ
¬̫صӹ֮ҲųŻӹ෽ķŬĿ£˼ǻһ
Ҷƽع֮ѷʵĳɹ˻㱨㱨֮󣬿϶ҶƽʵĳɼͬʱķУҪʲôˣҪùͬ壬ͽ̫ùͬ壬ʾͬչ֮⣬ýʲôĲɣĴûиԿ˼ֻ뷢չ
ҶƽеӢݽ겣Ŀ⿴ԶþùͬҪһЩڴٽ̸С
濪ʼҪ̫ùͬʱ˳PPPӹʱеһƬȻ˳ȻںԣҪǵǱ棬ҵ棬ʹݶС
ȴķҪֲ̫ھ÷չգ̫ùͬڱصõ飬ʱķ룬ϣһǰзʣٽ֮Ľ
һ룬ķȻҪ䶯ϴνܲع֮һֱûʲôϢ˵ڵıʮǿ󣬵ȴķҪٿ̸ûķһʱͷԡ
ȻҪ̸ͲҪǲˣΪϴѾ̸ˣ̸Ҳ̸ʲô
ָʾ²˽һʵı²ŵܲϵܲص֮󣬷˺öҵʿ򻪸ʩѹҪǿ֮ľóҪԻĲʲô⣬ҪҪչҪͬơ
ЩҵһʩѹͳеǳͷʹԼ̨ǵְ֧ǵĻͳÿ϶˳ˣֻŰ취ôǵҪ
ܲΪר̸ܻû뷨ΪֻʵãܴٽĽʵһЩشͻƣҪȡ
ͳǲˣҪȥ˻ģԵŻǵǲС
ǽܲҪûǲܵģΪڲǣǣȡһȽϺãϹȥһ̵档
ͳæô̵棬ܲ͸ûķˣһĻ̸Ȼ̸ͳûͱȽ˳ˡ
ͳһоӻܵӣֵȥָʾ²뻪磬Ƿ
һŻ£²ŵ֪һ˻㱨쵼һοԽǵ룬ҶƽǰѺ÷ʣٽó


1381 ֯
׼ҶƽһﻪĵҵʿȥЩҵҴ¬ƺ̽Уͬʱȥ˻ĵͨѶҵŵܲλԻͣλԻ͵һҶƽ棬ҶƽȴǶ˽⣬һҵңǱͨѶҵķչڷزȵʱȴǴûΪ˸߶ȥҵڽȫͨѶҵλá
Ҷƽǳԭܶ༸ҵôĵʵСҶƽרһ̸
λԻ͵ҪҶƽҶƽƺΪܣλԻȻ֮ǰûмҶƽҲ֪ԴҶƽ񲿳ԺάĵĶó׷˺ܴĹһ棬Ҷƽ̸²ʱһϧظо
ҶǴ˴ǰǹҵһᣬóױ̧ͷҵ˲ٵĵѣҵķӦǣǽжһǹȥʣϣͣһ㣬ҲӦǵҵȡһЩʩλԻڷɻϣҶƽ۵⡣
ĻҶƽϱʾһǣһҪͷųһЩУĻҲˣܣ幤ҵĽϣǵҵԽԽ׳󡣡
λԻͿҶƽԼǳأ֪ҶƽһķǳǿˣҲˣ˱һеؽ̸š
ҶƽŴһбһ֮ǰθ쵼ܶ꣬һֱûŷȥΣȻȴǵһ
˻פʹݵĴʹǰӻһ»ǿܶ໪ĵѧվڻԱ߻ӭĵ˼ͨҲ
һ˼ͨҶƽҲЦˣ֮ǰڹʱ龰Ŀֵˡ
˼ͨͳѵһ٣ڹڵľ޴ѹͳڶҪ뻪Ѻã񲿳ǲѺҲǲˡڻӭĶ鵱УҶƽܲӰӡܲȻǹԱ˵ҶƽҪó̸УҲܹӭҶƽĿĵȻֳѺ֮⣬ٽҶƽȡԲɹΪһԻ׼
ӭ㲿˼ͨЦסҶƽ֣ҶƽҲ΢Цס֡
΢Ц֮󣬽ܲǰҶƽ֣ҶƽڻҪмܲܲǺ˰ͷɵ룬֪֮ûֻ棬û飬˭ҲɵģܲǴʱң磬ʱҵ棬뻪ĽžϵĺôŲôã˻ıҪⷽ飬Ҫʲô룬ʱҽֻʵӮǵأֻǵķԸǵԸˡ
ҶƽȻ֮ǰûе֪ʱıʣʱȻ׷ʱֵڵģͳһϰգʵǽǮļֵǵıʣȻҲԼļֵۣǵļֵΪ˽ǮĿĶڵģʱԶġȻԼĴƼңеҵһԼĲƲȫ˳ȥȥƺǰѽǮúܵȻʱȫĻôǵĻֲἯôĲƸȻ취ȥϴ˵Ǯ׷ǮûԼǵļֵҲǳɹı־
Ļ岻˻ڶ⽻вŻ᲻ȥˣ˿Ǻ£ʲôϰĻĲͬɵģ׷Ǯڻ˿һ߳ܵ飬Ȼⷽ滪˵˼Ҳת䣬ǻû˹ĴǮϵĹǮϵĹڻҪܵеġ
ҶƽĴƵ꣬صĻȴ׷û뵽ǣȻˡ
Ϫڻ֮ȥϰ࣬ó⡣˵Ҷƽ˻ıǹһ档
Ҷƽû뵽һ֮϶ʱֳϲ֮ɫϪҲˣ
ϪЦҲǸո˵ˣ㣬ûŵɣ
ҶƽЦҸոյ׷Ա棬һԷ
Ϫڵϲˣųôˣ㿴Ļȶӭ㡣
ҶƽЦҲǸеЩֻ֣һΪʲôӭأ
Ϫڲ˽ǵ飬ǳڹ⣬һֱϣԼǿڻϵĵλȣԻĵĹԱһǾǷǳӭԲŹӭģദҲǳá
ҶƽͷϪ˵ǣֻйǿˣܵ˵أǵȫⰡһҲΪ׷ǵģǿŷ޵ľó÷ǳ治ƽˣǹǣǵĴ˴ԭ򡣡
ϪȨٿһС龫ӢǵĶϵҪܵСɾӢӰ죬ʶһӢʿһʦֽабҪĻӦ
Ҷƽһʲôʲô֮𣿡
Ϫ游͸׶ĲԱҲ൱ǹˣʦŲСӰȻûвûеĹǸɷӣûƿԲٿһ½Իûлġ
û᣿Ҷƽ־һİ֣ȻϪȴǰ֪齲ˣҶƽ֮󣬲ʶβ򵥣һƬ֮Ǳž޴ĲֻҪȥܿõ
ϪȻҾȥֻǴԸ𣿡Ҷƽ˵
ϪҲһĵľӢǻĵľӢȻԸ㡣
Ҷƽϸһ˵ҪҪڻ㱨һ£˽¼ϾǴĳʵġ
ϪЩҶƽĻ֮û˵ʲôһаҶƽҪȥˡҶƽһ룬üȻҪض˽һ£˵άҵ棬ȻǰҪõڵ׼
ںþûϪˣҶƽһЩ£֮仹ĸġϪû˵ʱҶƽһڣҶƽͻȻ׵Ц˵͵ϮԼһ
ϪǺǵЦţ˵Լ鲻ԽҪҶƽ룬ôأ׼ҲԸأȻ⻰û˼˵ڣֻЦס˷Ϫ֣һʱ֮һ㣬ҿû߽Ȼ˿ˣǻ̴ǵˡ


1382 ߵĲɷ
ҶƽϪԺ󣬵ڶ˼ͨ˵ͳҪһ棬ʲôʱʱ䡣
һͳҪҶƽһ룬ͳ˵ʲôһЩҪҪ̸ȻǾȥˡ
һ룬ҶƽǸſ˼ͨȥ¥ȥͳͳ¥ǰĲƺӭҶƽ
Ҷƽһͳ԰ȻӭˣͳҲǼˣȻҪͳúõ̸һ̸
Ҷããܸ˼㣡һҶƽͳ֣Ҷƽ
ҶƽЦͳҲǺܸ˼㣬ͬʱ쵼˶ʺ򣡡
лл쵼ˣͳЦ˵ȻҶƽļһ¥ȥ
¥棬Ҷƽ۲һ£ͳסĵطǲֻ¥Ҳִ̫ˣһҲûĻϢȻҲûа취飬Ŵٶ꣬¥϶ܳٶ꣬ȻĵĹʹȴнǧˣĻϢ϶ûȵġ
ԱģһССȴǿĹңȻʷƾãҲҪѧϰֻҪѧϰһᳬԽĹҡ
ͳҶƽ¥̸Ҳ˵Ȳ룬˼ͨûҲûãõͬ룬ֻҶƽ֪
ҶǵĹһΰĹң֮ĹϵһֱǷǳѺõġͳЦҶƽ˵
ĻҶƽеΪǿĹңʮŵģ˵⻰ʱϵŵϢܹݳȻƺԼĹΰңǹȴ˸еһֿĻ
ʱڻģʹǿ˵ҲϵģΪϣҶƽ϶᲻˵ġ
ҲһΰĹңǹһֱѺõġҶƽ˵
ͳЦЦ˵ȻҶΰĹңôΪʲôܺأҾùһЩ̫ǿӲˣ
û뵽ͳҶƽ˿˵ͳⲻǿӲάǵȨ棬άȨ鶼ǿӲĻʲôʲôѺأ
ҶƽҲǲ⵹Ƿ˵θڣˣ˵£ϲӣܰ˸ǻ˵ʹЩ
ͳֿЦһЦһŽ׵¶˳Ҷƽ֮󣬱ǸеͳҲ˼ˡ
ҶǵȨҲصģЩҲҪǽпƲУȻҲôͳȰ˵˵
Ҷƽ֪ΪʲôҪǿƣΪҪЩСܣҪǵȨпƣǵӦͳǶǴǲԼģʱҲģ
û뵽ҶƽΪĵһ񲿳Ȼ˵ôͳʼ磬˵Ҷǽɲǳܵģ
ҶƽҸܵģȻǲ᲻ԶˣҲϣкϣǻֻûȨĺͳǵĺ棡
Ҷƽ̬ͳ׸еǰûòǲܵˣڻҲԼˣӻĵĴڣȻϵ˼άҲòˡ
Ҷǻǵĺģȥǵ쵼ˣǻصģҪǿ֮ĺȫλĺ쵼˾ҪҼĻҲ鷳ȥǹһˣֻǸ˵ͳǰҪҶƽĻˡ
Ҷƽ֪һһջģҪòˣһ顣
Ҷƽ˵һתǵ쵼˵ģһ̸ֻó²̸ģͳûҪ̸ĻԼȥ̸ɣǹӦǳӭġ
ͳʱЦǻǳӭΪǻ᲻ӭأ
ҶƽǻһʮֿݺѰ壬ֻҪĹҺԸѺദǶỶӭġ
ͳЦЦ˵ϣһֱѺȥֻҪ֮Ѻˣһף
Ҷƽһ˵ҾѺֻһСףʵĺƽ뷢չսƶ֮䶼ܹѺദǴף
ҶƽĻͳ˴ĴָҶƽӦ˼άԾ֪ҶƽݵĻΪҶƽһɫ⽻١
̸˰죬ʵһ˼ͳҪûڴ֮ǰҪص׼ûڼ̸ʲô̶ȣʲôɹͳ֪ģﲻʲôɹôȥ֮󣬾;úûӣٲ֧˵Ҫ
ҶƽȻҲ֪ʱ⣬ʾһת˼˫һĹͨͽ
ͳ̸ʮӣҶƽ뿪¥ļ߶ڵ֪˫̸ݣȻλ̸⹫ԼҲǲ֪˫̸ôڿҶƽһ߳ΧɷҶƽ
Ҷͳ̸ʲôһļǰҶƽ
ҶƽһۣЦǿȥͳ
ȴǲصҶʵ㰡
ҶƽһۣЦҪǺðɣҾ͸ĸ֣޿ɷ棡
Ҷƽ˵⽻ļ߾ǷǳżҶƽ˵˵Ҷ˴ΪǩһĲɹӣͺŷǩһǲģ
ļ׻Ҷƽ΢Цһµô֪ǩˣҪεŶ
ļʵ˵ǻžó˵£Ҿͷ𣿡
ҶƽһǷǳˣ˵λ˵˵˵Ȼ㶼˵˺αңʽظǣĴĳҾͷеĹһֱҾͷһֱֺƽѺõķ룬óϵһֱݻĻϣѹˣҲ֮ΣǶ⽻ԭǼ߶֮Ѻõ£ҪˣһЩ֮Ѻõ£
Ҷƽżߵϴ˵Ļڳ߸еĵ񲿳һˣ˵ӲĻнڣһƱļ߶е޻˵
Ҷԭҵ֪лĻܲרŽһҵĲɷأһŮߣҶƽѵһٺ󣬱ҪרŲɷҶƽ˼ˡ


1383 Ӣ
ҶƽɴӦԼߣϴߵĻѸٴ磬̿һҾнȡĵĻĹԱӻһʼҶƽ
Ϣڣݸ˵Ҷƽ⽻Ĺˣ˲ã˲ã
ЩϣҶƽܹӦЩԴʷǳļߣάϴ粽ãֱ˵ûл˵Ҫ׷ҪרŲɷ
ýɷÿ϶һ飬ҶƽͷģʹŮ˿еɷֻ΢ЦԶԣҴȥˡ
ļǴɫ۾ĵģǵ˶ģνĿ͹۹ʵ޷ڵģΪһеĶһЩȾˣ۵Żᶨû۵ǲܴڵģǲȡʲô۵㣬Ǵʲôˡ
ȻҪվ˵ĵ飬Ի£վǵϿ϶ʲôζΪһֱռƣĵһһĹңǱʶﵱֵĻǿ϶޷һʵŰ취֣֣ƶֵ
νý岻ǵΪĽһУҲֻ뷨չʵĻȨֻ˻Ȩչʾ࣬Զڱɽ֮¡
Ҷƽص齵ĵط׼˼̸֮ͨУΧ̸УҶƽ˼ߣȻ˵˴ͳǴ˴ҪɵĳɹԲ̫࣬ҪеѹӶʹǽһת̬ȡ
ҲûгɹûгɹԵ˫ûг⣬˫ķַһӴ󣬲ͳһķûҶƽҪ顣
ķ̸Աǹһһĸ֣ҶƽҪ֮󣬶ǷǳϿҶƽţȻҶƽ⽻٣ǵǿҶƽԼߵʱ򣬲ǸеҶƽֱһ⽻١
Ҷ˼ͨһ̵ļһ˺ܶҪǲӦĻҵĲЭ鶼ûǩˡǿĵᵽ⡣
Ҷƽ˼ͨԸǩĻ˵ûг⣬ҾҪͳģвһ°ˣֻҪж
ǿ˵ͷҶͬҶƽȻʼ׼̸С
Ҷƽ֮󣬱ȥϢˣϢԺ뵽Ϫ˵飬ȥһǸ飬ҲǸеģһǳȤ飬ʲô֯һãһβӰ죬ͬҲˣӴһ飬һһʲô
Ҷƽ뵽ϪϵϪӵ绰󣬱ǸھͿԹȥһȥ
֮ҶƽǺΤ߲˵һ˵³ȥһ£ʲô´ĵ绰ܿͻġ
ҶƽΤ߲˵ǳ齵ıݣҲ֪ΧعȥԺׯ磬˦пҵˣһƧĵط˷Ϫĳ
ϪҶƽ˳֮󣬱˷ϪϪǸھڸϾͿԼ
ҶƽǺͷϪֵȻһ¥ǰͣ˳˱ֱ߽˸¥㡣
оصģҶƽһʱЩţ˵ϪΪʲôأ
ϪǻҲǸеȤǻĵľӢȻȤҾʶһ¶ǻҲкôġ
ʶʲôôҶƽʵ
Ϫǿѣƽ֪ܲ˲ˣЩνͳʲôģջҪǵġ
ҶƽŵصôܣͳȨˡ
ϪͳȻȨ󣬵ͳҲǹûԱ֮һҪ̨Ҫõû߲֧֣Ȩ࣬һǿġ
ҶƽǸе˼飬ͳȻǰӡҶƽһϪЦ˵ûɲǰᰡûʲôģǶϲľӢǾӢ֮Ľϣ޹ڵľӢǹľӢҲǷǳȤġ
Ҷƽһʶ˵ϪǲҰɣҾͲܼˣһҪ⣬ұ㱨
ϪЦǲģ˵ˣܻȥ𣿼֮˵ɡ
Ҷƽͷһ룬÷Ϫ˵Ҳǣ֮֮ҿһһʲô
˴õ㣬ҶƽͷϪ˴ӵ˳ȻǴȣһǰϪ˼£߳һˣһˡ
ޣãС㡣ʶϪǴкȴǾؿ˿Ҷƽ
СأϪһ䡣
С档˿Ҷƽ֮ҶƽͷϪȥ
һСӣ棬ҶƽǿһɫŮ΢Ц䲻ʮ꣬Ҫʮꡣ
û뵽ôᣬҷǳƯȻҶƽһֱΪŮ˲ƯŮˣǴʱҲǸеŮǲһƯѵνĹûֻƯŮ
С㣬ˡϪһԲƺͰк
ϪһԲҶƽҲŻһԲһڰɡ￴ЦЦɡ
ҶƽͷϪȻܴһĻǲܷϰŮԵװΣֻǰҪʲôôϪʶ
˿ҶƽЦ˵ҶҶǻķǳȤ
Ȼ˵˻ģҶƽеЩԾ˵С㣬Ļ˵ķǳá
ЦѧѧĻԣڼҶ㣬ɵؾ˵ˡ
Ҷƽһѧ˵벻С㻹ģػĵѧºӡ󡣡
ЦûĵǳȤҷǳϲ뻪˽ѣСҵ֮һҲΪѡ
Ҷƽ˵ǻо仰ԶúǻǷǳÿ͵ģ
Цŵ仰֪һᱳҷǳ仰ҲͻˣҶǻ˵ľӢСѾ˵ˡ
ҶƽС㣬ǻĲʲôӢǾӢ飬صǹͶ񣬼ʹνľӢҲ벻Ⱥڣˣ߸ˣôһֶ䣬Ҳ֪ǲõģֲȺڣӢ


1384 ֯
ҶƽĻðǰһĹȻһʦʵȴǹû̫ոˣҪ̫ĸӢȻΪûܲá
ûȻһ֯ȥβܴӰûĳԱֻǲľӢûǣ粻֪ҳʲôӡ
ûһֱΪǵľӢϵֵͷѸͣûԱĶ鲻׳󣬶ǿʵʵߣû˸ûľӢΪ࣬ûҲʵʲٿ˵
Ȼûһ֯˥˵ʱ򣬹ûᾫӢǵĿ⿪ʼת򶫷һĹȡġʵڹûһȽصĹȣֻ֮ʱǡǶ˥֮գ½ԣĴƶ֮ơ
ȻŻĵĲϷչ˳ʼֳǰ֮ƣ֮£ûΪľӢ֯Ȼǻع۲쵽ûῪʼ̫޾Ӣǵ֯Ӷ׳󹲼û֯ж
ѧģԻ֪֮Ѱһ޻ĵľӢϪʵеһԱֻǷϪûиҶƽѡ
ȻҶƽϪͬҶƽһԱҶƽ빲ûĻҶƽ϶ǲͬģΪҶƽμһ֯ʹܻ֯Իкô
Ҷƽ֮Իֻеһ˿˿棬֪˽һ¡
ʱ֮ҶƽǾŮǷǳʣ˵Ů˵б׼Ůĵ˼ܶΪ֮㵹
ҶƽĻиеҶƽһԲٿصˣҶƽ빲û֯±ҪҶƽΪ֯쵼˲У½ԱΪ֯쵼ˣ֮ǰûй
ҶǻĵĹԱĵĹԱ˸Ȥ𣿡΢ЦźҶƽ˵ſһҶƽ뷨
Ҷƽ⣬ǿʼ٩٩̸С㣬ǻĴӺʱͿʼ˼ˣǻĽ˺һûйҪȻףֶȻ׵ǵܺƽⶼԴڴҶԴȨᣬ˼ʵΥ˺һ˼ģ˺һ˼ʵǺ˼룬ǻ˿ѺദһԭȻĳЩȴΪвǣǵ˼ά߼Ȼ˼ά߼ڵѾвͨˣֻкƽ׷֮ĺгȻ֮ĺгȻȻ֮ĺг˾Զ֮
벻ҶƽԴ˻ô˼СеҶƽһ˼̵ĸˣĻҪǰҶƽսˣֻô˵أ
Ҷ׼һɫ֯ûȤ̽˵
Ҷƽ˵С㣬ɫ֯ǵ˻ĵĻһ֧ǵĹǷչĿΪ˸õ棬⵽ƻˣӰ쵽ǵ棬ǷչĿľǸˡ
ҶƽûжԼ˼˵Ҷҵ˼Ϊɫ֯һԱ㿴ɲԣ
ǵһԱҶƽ۾˵ЩףԼǻĵĹԱôܳΪ֯еһԱأ
ҶܼǵĻ֯ԹҲһ£Ϊͨ֯ǻܵƻĻֻ֪дڻĵĽǶȲܴҶƽ
Ҷƽһ۾Ϊ֯еһԱڻλ鿿ײף
С㣬һĵĹԱҪȥĻβǵĹأҶƽ˵
ǻĵĹԱǵ֯ĻԵ£ķҪǿĻǿṩʱͿԳΪмˣǿϵĹͨɲԣ
˰ĻҶƽ⵹һ£ֻһ֯ڻĵĻǲͬⰮСҪ󣬲μһ֯
Ϫ˵˵ƽСһаĵˣΪ๲ͬ˲ȥһеģúʵĻͬٽķչ
ϪҲҶƽڴӦ˵ǺðɣС㣬Ǻ죬ҵĹܷæƽʱûʱһЩⷽĹܲ÷Сһⷽ飿
ҶƽͬĻЦ˵ȻԣСҲһаĵʿ
оһǳѺõˣҶƽ밮ﱣֽûʲôֻҪڻĵһȥʹһΣԡ
ҶĻԺһᶨڷ棬̽һйػ飬ƽʱɷСһЩɡŵ
Ҷƽ˵ͷһֱɫչģ밮кӶٽڻηչĻ밮ǿ磬ֹͨ
밮һܺõļ棬ıȻҲ˸ܵǰ˵ģҶƽǱģɵؾǻ࿴ۣﲶ׽Ŀ⣬ϱǱ΢ЦбҪĻҶƽһҲǿԵġ
ҶƽȻ뵽ʱô룬Լðȴǧȷ밮һ֮󣬱ڴһ͡ڽ͵ʱ򣬰̸һЩͬĻ⣬ҶƽȻ̸Цðﾴ岻ѡ
밮֮Ҷƽ뿪˴ãϪһ˳뿪õʱмӰβҶƽǸɹعˣһǸеЩԾ˸٣ӦֵˣԼΪĵĹԱж϶Ӳֵ۾ǿ϶ΪԼڴʲôܵ飬˸ٹ˽һĶҲǿܵġ
ҶƽҲû̫⣬Ȼǻص˱ݣϪȥİ´ȥˣȻҶƽһȥıһҶƽҪ˼̸ͨУûʱദֻÿҶƽȥˡ
Ҷƽȥ֮ǿзУһ̸йȻͳ̸Ĳ˼̸ͨеʱ򣬻һʲôӣڻ˵
˵ڶ죬Ҷƽ˼ͨԼһ£ڱл̸ص̸һ¼ǿó飬ȡһĳɹȻƶһͳķû
˼ͨԼʮҶƽ齵ıݣȻҶƽ棬ʱͷԻĻǴɫ۾֮Ľģֻǲòͳѡ


1385 »ı
˼̸ͨв˳Ϊ˼ͨһ̵ıʿͳ뷨һͳ֮Ϊ񲿳Сʱ֮⣬֧֣ͷһӲɷӰ
ͳһֻ֣һ񲿳ܲͳĻҶƽ̸֮ŪһóһЭȻһЭЭһ㣬ŪĶҲһɹΪͳûˡ
Эһǩ̺䶯ý壬ýı¿ǴĶֱ࣬ӰεĻ̸֮˵һشͻƣȫĺ䶯ˡȻҶƽЭľһһЭ֮ķ粢ûҪЩ磬һʵ뻪쵼֮ĻãһڵӲɷʧ
һıڣվһ̸ţһǿ˼ͨ
˷ͷûռ̫ıˣǸ˲öԸһվԿ˼ͨ˵
˼ͨ˵˷ǳǿӲά淽˵ǲڻոȨʱ򣬿»ἫѶԸ
˵ͷ˵ûҸ㣬˼һˣ
ʲôˣôܣ˼ͨЩŵص
˵ɫǳ԰ףſ˼ͨ˵ҵ˶סǲ̸֪ЩʲôһֱǶŸɣھȻ뻪˿ʼˣҵİ᲻ǣ˵ô죿
˼ͨﲻһŮˣʲôȥƵģһֱ˥ǵǲֵܳ顣
˵ҿСﰡҪ֪Ǹ˲һһˣϵŻĵ֧֣밮ܻܿ£һЩˣ޳ţĻǲвġ
ͳһߣʲôΪġ˼ͨ˵
˲һ룬ͻȻ˵ҽһݵؽ⣬㿴ɲԣ
һݣ˼ͨ˿ӣɻ˵
ӶݺݵصѾвǣǱҪ취в
ʹðҪ֪ڹź֧ܶߣǼҲ֧ģǲȡֶεĻ»ҵġ˼ͨȻ̣ſԼĹҳʲôǷǳõġ
ȴǼЦŵǻ޷ģһҪ޻ģʱҾŽһˣ
벻Ȼ˼ͨӵ˼ˣȻ޻ģƱضԻĸǿӲᴥսǾ͸ˣ
˼ͨЩӵķ񣬵ȴûֹǱʾĬĬӵΪ
ֽа»һ̵ıɷӣԺԱҲǹûԱеһԱֻ밮ȫͬһ˵ߣҷǳӻģᵱһܻá
ְҶƽ˽֮󣬱ǷǳĹעİ뻪˵ӶӰ쵽ǵ棬ų޻ˡ
ô޻أڿ˼ͨҶƽ֮ˣҪҶƽ޻ˡ
˼ͨȻûзͷЩòףϾҲܴ󣬳Ʊػְ֧˸еŭ»˵Ҫ޻ڻˣô޻أд׵һ죬ô죿
˼ͨһԼʣ»ʾᰲ飬һ޻Ҷƽϣưɡ
һ˵˼ͨеȫһ£ýϴǻĵĹԱıɱ˰⽫һô䶯š
˵ǸҪ뿪Ҫ취ס죬Һôнаš»˼ͨԸ
˼ֻͨôӦڼѾϣòˣһ°ɡ밮»֮󣬿˼ͨȥ֮ҶƽϵȻЭǩˣ˫ٽһЩ̸̸˫ҵֱؽУϣǩһЩóЭ
ΪҶƽͬ飬˼ͨѽܲ˳˵ܲϣ̸УûҵõһЩ档
ڽܲѺõˣͬʱҲǴٳεķʣҶƽȻܲ飬ڽʾӳʵʱ䡣
ʱһӳҶƽ׼ܲҵҽ̸У̸л֮ĽǷǩһЩЭ顣
ڴʱ»ҵ˰밮»Ųϣ˿»ǲᰮ»ǰ»ȴЦŶ˵Ĵ˴εҹˣǩһЩЭ飬ǶԵģѺΪá
һ򷴶ԻѺõİ»ﲻɵظе˼飬̧ͷһ˵Ϊȫ棬ҪѺã֮⣬ҿκεĳ·
»ЦҲ˼Ѻõ鲻һҲһ˵ǲǣ
еЩ⣬֪˵ʲô˼»ЦЦ뻪Ľ͵͵Ҫ֪Ҳ뻪˽
ʶʲô˵ڼң
»֮ȴЦôܼ㣬˵ǹңֵǰһ϶Ҫŵģȥһֻ˳֪ѡ
ô֪Щ飿Щţ»ȻǲԱԲ㱨еЩɡ
㵽ʲôһ룬𰮵»
»ЦЦҲ˽¼һǸˣܲܰһ£
ҪˣһĲţΪð»ǲ뻪˽½Ӵģһɡ
ôҲܼҿǸ˷ǳ㣬ϲ˽»Ц˵
ɨһۣڲ²⣬»ʱеǳĺɣо»ôĵҪˣ᲻ҪҶƽ
»ȥҿ˼ͨÿ˼ͨ棬ûáǻؾ˰»
Ȼ»ȴûģ˵˼ͨŵĻ϶ǹٷʵģǸ˽̸̸͵һˣʲôɣ
»ĻðìܣΪʲôҪ˽ҶƽѵʲôҪ̸ҶƽҲֻǳνҶƽҲ˵ܼģ뵽һʱԾһǲʲôıһ棬ҲҶƽ밮»һ棬һ»ҪҶƽ̸ʲô


1386 
»ðӦҶƽϵٴҶƽһ棬Ȼôٳɻ֮ĺϵ
ûҶƽֱӽϵֻͨϪҶƽϵ绰ϪٴҶƽʱϪǸе֣ռּҪʲô
˷ϪĻǸһλҲҪҶƽ棬תһҶƽҶƽûȤϪʲôһλʸĲԱˣԻ֮Ĺϵкô
ϪӦҶƽϵһҶƽԸԸҶƽӵϪĵ绰֮һ飬һ룬ﵽҪʲôأԱ棬ΪʲôҪ
ĲԱȻһӰλԱһ棬֮Ĺϵһƶã˽׺òðҪҪʾ
Ҷƽǰ죬뵽ϻźܶܣܽ˻ٴ˽һЩĻһĺô
һ뷨ҶƽǴӦһ棬Ȼ˵ʲôԱҲһ
ĵص˸ı䣬οɲڰԭڵĸ¥ãǵԶһĵصǰ»ģ˵ⶰģռã˫档
ûжǴӦҸҶƽҶƽ֪һų⳵Ϫûͬ
˴֮󣬰ӭӣһ΢Ц֣ҶƽʵС㣬ôżҼ棬ʲô
ЦһλԱа»֪ܲǱȽϷǵĹҵģ㣬Լ棬Ͼ͵ˡ
ҶƽЦЦһҵˣʲôҼģǲʲôı
Цʲôı˵ıҲϵ
ҶƽҲǣֻǸеЩ֣ĲԱȻѵԼһܣҪ֪Լɲһס
Ҷƽ밮߽ȥȻȵˮԵģŰ»ĵ飬кҶƽ·һ㡣
֮ǰʵҲǸе֣ǰ»õıֻӶˣȴûм»绰»»ԼʱһЩ£һ
Ҷƽ밮ڱţʱҶƽǸŮӶˣŮӶǸŮģǵһۿŮʱȴһֲԤУ¹⹤ˣ۲ǷǳϸģŮӶ˵ʱеŮ˸һӶˣΪŮ˵Ϭ˸еʼڱĳλڶ㡣
Ҷƽﲻһһ԰ﻹ֪֮٣֪Ů˻᲻ľٶһһ˹ʲô飬ҲûУԼҪСһЩΪá
Ҷƽһ룬ûжɫΪ֪ԼɫöԷӷԼĻǵʲôı͵óˡ
С㣬ıҶƽװһ䡣
æ˵ǲԱıġ
Ҷƽһеã˼棬ȴǼһıԱʲô
ҶƽһеãʱӱһţеԼ۾͸ӹֳˣ֮ǰʱûȥ⹤ʱܼʧˣҲӵĹܣĹܿʲô͸ģʲô˼
ǰһʱʵҲûʲô˼ˣֻԽӣԽ˸еأŻ˵Ȥ綼ףֻгˡ
ҶƽֻоǰһƬ͸֮ɫǰ·ûд·һ㣬˵һ࣬ģҶƽæͷת˹ȥȻһתȴϱ
ֻ͸һ㲻͸ĲҶƽؿǸŮӶ棬Ūһǹţһϸеˣǿб򶨡
Ҷƽһʱ벻ô죬Ȼ˵ǹģһŮӶˣΪʲôŪǹʲô᲻ͰΣգŮӶǲǰָʹҪģ
Ҷƽһ뵽飬ˣŮӶһģˣˣڻҪ򶨣ð﷢ʲô
С㣬ϸҶƽһ룬һһ㣬Ȼ׼ٴˣһȫĵطпں
ءСָָŮӶĵط
һ⻰ҶƽǿŮӶеǹһٶҶƽ϶ŮӶҪȻʱ֪ûͬһʱˣԼǻĵĹԱ£ýǰĻȻҪһȻʱûпˣ˭أ
ҶƽһţһȥȥŮӶ˿߹̰ڳЦķȻվһȥ
ҶƽһɨȥǿıﻹҪãϵļⷢһ˾ͲһӶˣжϴӦһ⹤ˡ
һۣҶƽǳȥ߽ȥԺûȥ㣬ǽſŴʱô죬Ǳأֱߣ뷨ֹסŮӶˣ
Ļȵʱ˵ŮӶѾľٶˣֱߣԼǴģôأ˵ûͨôӣ
뷨ֹסŮӶˣָоھͳֹˣһô죿￴ˣʲô˻ûа֣ⶼδ֪
˼죬ҶƽеԼڲʱ̫ˣǾһɲǣ뵽һ⣬ôʱˣǸԱΪʲôûг֣ԱûмһǷģǲҪԼ
һȥ룬ҶƽͻȻԼƺʶʲôоﲻҪˣҪ˺ܿǸԱȻҪԼȴǲôף⽻ģһԼУҲղ
Ҷƽһ룬ǰ뵽˰뵽᲻ŮӶ˰ԼɱˣȻ޻ٱ밮֮ŲŮϵ£ԩˣ
ͻȻôһ룬ҶƽеȫЩҪ޻ĻҲǻˣţȻɱԼֻаҲˣ޶֤ô˵ô˵ˡ
Ҷƽ뵽ʱʶҲΣˣĻҪ밮һı밵˲ܵóѣ


1387 ѻ
ҶƽæӲȻͿŮӶҪʱ̾ؿĶƺʱҪ׼֡
ʱﲢûʲôʱԷֵĻûʲô֮˴ʱҪװʲô֪ӣŰ취ѶƷ
һ֮ҶƽƽشӲ˳Ȼǰ˵С㣬λԱôû
￴˿ʱ䣬Ҳص֪ô£ôûأ
˿ҶƽղǸӶأٺһ裬һ㣡
һȥǸŮӶˣŮӶƺûû׼ã߳ҶƽˮҶƽ۲ͱǰǹȻ·ȴǿ
ŮӶ˹ĿҶƽҶƽװ˿֪ӣ߹ˮˮʱҶƽͻȻѱŪ˵ϣ̵ڵˤˣ̴سôµģȻѱӸˤˣҼ
ҶƽͻȻ𣬲ŮӶʼϲðҲǸеĪȻûп屭ôϵģҶƽһˣ˼ôܷأЩ̫ò˰ɣ
ʮֲɻ󣬲Щ˵ʱŮӶ˵ͷȥµıƬҶƽ׼һʱͻȻ䣬ŮӶ˵ƺҲѸٽзӦͼֹҶƽΪΪʱŮӶ˳ҪʱҶƽѾǰǹȻѸٿסֱۣžͰֻǹı
ҪһҾʹ㣡Ҷƽŭ˵
ŮӶû뵽Ҷƽֻô죬»ṩ鱨̫׼ȷˣҶƽһĵĹԱӦְ⵽ô£
ûпô£ǿҶƽǹŮӶ˵ϡ̷ҶǸʲô
Ҷƽ侲˵һӶˣһɱ֣ǹҰ˹뿪ǸԱٳûı
Ҳɱ֣ǹҵģģŮӶ˿ûʲôˮ㣬Ҷƽˡ
Ҷƽһ뵹һңϰǹӵжȻӵһԣֻ˫ֿŮӶһҶƽǹˣȻ͸еҶƽˣϾܹרҵѵɱ֣ҶƽܶԸ
Ҷƽؿ˫ֲţ˵ɿң
һҲ˵Ҷʲôú˵ȷſ
ȻҶƽǲɿŮӶ˵֣ץԽԽͿŮӶ̶ãֻҪŮӶܲˣͻᷴһǱ¶Լˡ
ȻŮӶ˸еԼٲԼֱ۶ҪҶƽŪˣͻȻһҶƽҶƽһһɣŮӶ˾Ǵ˳
ӳ֮ŮӶ˾ִ̳ҶƽŰҶƽڵأȻҶƽ
һⷴʱðﺦ£ʶҶƽ˵ûŮӶ˻治ŮӶˣѵһɱ֣
ҶƽŮӶ˾ڷŮӶ˵ֻǲƣǽúˣվĿɿڴ֪ôˣҶƽվ﷢̽еС㣬챨ܣ
һҪܣŮӶҲˣȥץסҶƽһʱһţŮӶ˵ȲŮӶվȣ˵ڵأðѰѹ¡һŵҪûоⷽ飬һûιȥ
ŮӶ˰ѰץסˣҶƽæȥסŮӶˣȻʱͻȻежҪٶȼ죬͸ǽڣģؿһӵ
Ҷƽæ㣬ӵǳģ⻹ǹ֣ǹӦŮӶ˵ͬŮӶıɱͰģ
Ҷƽһ㣬ӵӷɹȥģԷͬһǹҶƽڶӵ֮æȥǰǹӵԶǹֺܿǾѻ֣ѻǷǳģȾ쵽ӵ٣Ҳܲ˵ġ
ǹִһǹ֮󣬱ûٴڶǹǹƺɣΪǹǣ͸ǽڴĿ꣬Ҷƽ׼֮ڣҶƽǲܶ㿪ӵġ
ǹִһǹ֮˾ѻǹȻǹˣΪôһһŮӶһͺöԸˡȻ߽ʱҶƽǹ׼ΪҶƽԿĵ˹ûӦһǹУ
ŮӶ˴ʱס޷˼Ҷƽ滹оѻ֣ӦܶԸҶƽû뵽ҶƽȻܶѻǹõǹȻѿľѻָˣ
ƲŮӶҪʱҶƽһӾǰסǹϣȻȵһҾʹ㣡
Ҷƽ⻰Ӣ˵ģŮӶһӾɵˣղҶƽɱѻֵû뵽ҶƽһݽɫȻôظɵ˾ѻ֡
ŮӶվһҲҶŴӵһֵص⵽ô£
Ҷƽ˵
ŮӶ֮ȴǲ㵽ʲôˣΪʲôǹΪʲôӵ
ŮӶһԲһɱ֣ûɣȻʲôҲ˵Ҷƽ󣬸е»ʲô鷳һþ췢أȻ˵ǻĵĹԱʱŪʲô粨Ͳˣ뾡뿪
뵽ҶƽæӰŮӶ˸ﲻ֪Ҫʲôֻվ￴ҶƽŮӶ˸
ŮӶ˸ҶƽǰǰǹŵŮӶ˵ϣŪѻŮӶɱαװһֳ
һжˣû뵽ҶƽǻĵԱһôߵ֣ƽпɥ
Ҷڸô죿￴˿Ҷƽ˵
ҶƽҪ뿪һıǸԱһһ֣һҪľ֣ץ뿪
ҶƽŰ־뿪ðǿųģȻҶƽųŰ뿪˱
Ҷﻹһˣô죿ڳǵĵ˵
ҶƽȻҲ뵽飬Ǹѻһɱ֣ɱǲԱɹĻþ֪飬֪ˣôıͻᱩ¶оص飬ǸԱᴦ顣
ǸԱᴦģıʧˣҪƺ֪þѻɱǣͻ鷳ģǲص˵£Լᴦõġ
Ҷƽ԰˵ĻǲٵˣʵڵңѾʧȥжˣֻҪҶƽ˵Ļš


1388 
ҶƽŰ뿪һʬǸŮӶˡһ·ϰŵرӣֱҶƽϿҶƽȴҪųӣһȥ
룬֪ʱδ飬İҷȥһµطļ쳤ü쳤飬֪쳤ҶƽɱǸѻֵͻᱩ¶ҶƽеΪѵġ
Ҷƽ޵˲ţһôĻͻԲסҶƽˡ
Ҷصסĵطɡһ룬ǶҶƽ˵
ҶƽסǰѵصһطԼٹһҪȥôԶĵطҶƽЩԥ뿪ŵģŵҪô죿
Ҷƽһ͸Ŵһ绰˵Ҫһ̸һЩ飬źܶϰһ绰ͿԴٳһĿͺýˡ
˰ĻҶƽʱҪӰģϾɱˣҪϰڸȥȻʱǴȥȻӰ첻ãʱӢδػһ¡
Ӧ֮ҶƽŰȥİߣһıȥǳĺⰮҲһǮˣȻӵĺ
ҶҵļңҸĸڼңȥȥˣֻһˡ￴Ҷƽ߽֮һ˵
ҶƽĴһоķ羰ǲһҪֵüڣһ˶סġ
С㣬طķ羰ãһȼٵĺõطҶƽЦЦ˵
ҶԺʱȼٵĻȼ٣ƽʱҲûסҸĸһ굽ͷҲܣǹΣһζѡ
ҶƽһȻҪһ˷ѣǮ԰Ҳѹ֣طع٣Ǵӣ˿ôֻ࣬סһЩСӡ
ôҶƽһ羰ڽ飬֮ǰֻƾԼж£Ǿʲôȴǲ֪ġ
Ļ֮üͷ˵Ҳǲʲô֮Ҫ棬ǸԱϵģа»һλɲԱҵͬԼҲԼġ
˰Ļ֮Ҷƽһ˵˵һǰ»ָʹģ᲻бأ
Ļʶǰ»ˣǰ»ΪʲôҪɱɱأ
ͬ벻ȡֶζԸңҪҪԸ㣬һҪ뷨¶ıǺ޺޵˵
ҶƽС㣬һ˵ǲģȥ¶ıȻٸΣգ㻹ǶһΪá
ҵҲҵĸĸҲԸңҲҪһºġ
ҶƽС㣬ĸĸȻǿܲȡôɵֶΣܲȡôֶεһǲöԸˣֻŽŶԸˣ˲ԭһ˾ַ죬ǧҪģСһЩΪá
ҶƽһﵹǾӦҶƽĻˣЩһøĸģ߸ĸ
һ룬ҶƽҶ֪ΪʲôҪӽ㣬ʶ𣿡
ҶƽһʼʱҲЩأͨϪʶҵԭʲô
˵ǹûҲǷֳɼɣһǶɣΪҿ΢ǹûῼǵȫˣһ֮˽ϣ붫ӴԲȥѧ֮Ҫͨȫ磬ҪӴԭ򡣡
û뵽ػ˵Ӧǻ˵ѣԼнʮӦõģԱ̫٣Ͼźǿʵֻѡ
С㣬ǳ˵ⷬǻһϵ壬Ҳһϵʷ֮ԻγһĹңǿǿ뵽ǻĶǵȥǿȥһЩ飬ǲϲۣȻǧȴ飬ʮ־ʼһȻ˾Ȼ˵вۣв˭ˣǵûв෴һֱвǣһֱŰ취ǵֻǿʼǱǸеˣһְȨ˼άС㣬ܸʶ
ҶƽͰｲЩС֮ͷʾͬĿ֮ȻгײǲҪгͻϲֻһ֮Ӧ໥أʵȫ档
Ҷƽ˵ҲǸеͷһֲƽ֮Ǻܺõ˼ˣǱǻߵ˷棬ĻôͲһܹǰ෴һֱڴǴδȥ˽ܵĴһķչ̣ǵڣһΪҲѧһȥʲôвۣǵ۹ʵϣȥˣֻǸлͬˣһЩ޷ĵطڰ⻪˵һ֪
Ҷƽ밮һᣬеһЩıϣҪѵĻһѣӶʵֻ֮ĺֻǰɣôӰ쵽ľأ
Ҷƽһ󣬱ؿҶƽȻܵӰ죬ĹȻĵӣŮϵϾǱȽ㣬ʱҶƽһңЩԳˡ
ҶƽķǳĿⶢҶƽϣɫʼЩ糺졣һҶƽȻǸеЩˣѵʱҪ
Ҷƽ˿æ˵С㣬Ҫã
һصҶ㼱Ҫȥ𣿡
ҶƽҵĴŻҲ뿪̫ˣ㰲ȫˣҿԻȥ˰ɣ
ȴ˵ڻܺ£ܲٻȥ
Ҷƽ֮˵һǽͻȥɣǱ߻źöأ㿴òã


1389 
ҶƽޣȻҶƽȴ뿪밮﷢ʲô£Ͼ밮Ĺϵ̫죬ҼʹϤҲʲô¡
ǰȴǷǳеΪеһ˻ܺ¡ϧ뷨ҶƽһϣȵڶҪ뿪ˣȻŵ˿϶Ҫ
֮ǺܸˣȻ˵ֱۣҪȥԵʱҶƽͻȻеԼļ쬵ģƺʲôָԼ
ҶƽæһҪ
⻰˵Щìܣﲻ֪վŲǿҶƽתֺ沢ûʲôǵ͸ǽ⿴ȥʱȴǷһźڶǹ׼ȻԶһסլԷȻһѻ֣
ģԷûзͰ׷ɱȻܵҪɱˣҶƽæס֣ȻԱһֻһƵһӵԶǴڵһϡ
ҿʱǱɣ
Ҷƽ֮󣬸е뾡뿪һξѻִ࣬һǹϸ˿ڵĶһڻûжҶƽһǾ˵ڵ˻ûõǹȳװȫԿڵ͸һ
ʱץסҶƽ֣һҲҶҶƽٴȥ־ѻֻûߣȻվߣ֪ҪһֿܾͻῴߣҲп
뵽ҶƽеȽϼ֣ĻըˣǾˡ
Ҷƽûڣʱ뵽ĸеصأΪľǷΣգղһʱû뵽£æҶƽҶƽ˿棬ָѸصǱƶ뿪
ҶƽĻǰָָǱһذ壬ǵصĻأֻҪǿذ򿪾Ϳˡصİ־ڵǽϣȥһƹ⿪ء
Ҷƽһ꣬ǷɿܹȥѸٵǽϵĿأȻ㿴ϵһש򿪣¶һ
Ҷƽ濴һֻֻǹֿʼȻղŵƶ˾ѻֵע⣬Ǽæ԰ܽص档
￴æ˵أ
Ҷƽ㲻Ҫˣ
ȴǲԸһߣҶƽȴǸһ㣬ˡ
ҶƽһȥȻҶƽְѿعϣϵĵذǸʲôˡ
ʱҶƽԶǹѾ׼Լһ룬öֶԼָƣһȽװԼֻһǹ޷ֽзô죿
ðļﻹһֻﹷҪֻﹷѻֵע⣬ȻԼ취ȥӽѻ֣Ȼ
Ҷƽһѻֵӵ˽ǸûҶƽֺȻҶƽþѻ׼ٴ׼Ŀյæܵ⣬ֻﹷǣڣȻ˩Ѹƴڵڡ
ȵѻַӦǿʾӰӡ׼󣬱ٴֻﹷʱһգѻͬٴι۲ڵĶڴʱҶƽѾĵڵλƶ
ѻ־ڶ治Զ¥ϣҶƽֱ룬Ļѻпٴ׷Ͱ
ҶƽѸѻڵĴ¥ȻȻѻֿѻ׼֣֮ȳ˵Ŀ걻ˣȻĿֻһһأ
ѻЩƣȻֱеЩãҪ뿪ԼѾ¶ȻΪʱǹ֧ʰʱһתҶƽڶǹڡ
ҶƽûκԥؿǹǹӦȻѸȥ¥֮Ѹٴһ⳵뿪Ƿ֮ء
ȥ֮Ҷƽµػص˴ŵפأǿ֮ҵ̸ôǿǸ̸Ļǩ˺üˣĽǱȽϺõġ
仰ҶƽûнʲôǻصԼסһɱɱ֣֪᲻ʲô⣬ڰҲ˱ûкԼϵҲûϵͨ
һ룬Ҷƽȥһ绰ΪѾǣҰȫˣúһȻڴ顣
ͻȻӵĵ绰˵飬ȻǸе𾪡Ųǲ֪û飬ǾΪʲô»ԱҪɱͰһΡ
߲л㱨ȻǴе飬ʹʲôҲҪ˽
Ҷƽ뿪ҶƽĻ֮󣬾Ҫ뿪ˣĻп⽻뿪ĺá
ڶ죬Ҷƽ˼ͨ棬ʾҪҪҪ뿪˼֪ͨ»Ҷƽ밮֣˿ҶƽҪߣȻǲˣ˱ǽ̸һ£ͬҶƽ뿪صڡ
ȵҶƽ̸֮󣬿˼ͨ밮»ͨ˵绰ҶƽҪعһסҶƽҪҶƽع˼ͨΪʲô»ȴǲú˵ҶƽҪȥǲϲסġ
ؿҶƽ뿪»ɱҶƽʧܣ룬жƻȫʧܣһʧѻ֣ºȴκεš
ΪǼΪܵ飬ʹҲšҶƽصںͷ飬ڵ̫ˣһᶯðɱֶΣֱ̫˸е£ԼͷּʱҲʱѾˣ
ҶƽԽеڲϵ˥䣬ΪڲΪŽӽˣǻֵܵĴɱֵ֪ķ֮
뿪ҲͲٵĳʲôˣԱƽʲôΣա
ֻǰʲôЩ᲻ʲôΣأԼ֮Ƕ԰ʹɱô죿ҶƽɵصİİȫˣΪһԻѺõˣѺõˣǾһǳõ顣
ҶƽŴ绰עһ°İȫ뻪ѺõˣӦ
Ȼһ͸˵£ȴǸҲʵǿˣ԰Ҳ˽ģĶҲҶ֮Իᷢ밮飬ΪĶҪֳ֮Ȼ޻ģӶﵽǵĿģˣҲʲôΣˡ


1390 
Ҷƽֻ֮ƽ̫ùͬ飬ڰ飬ûȥܣΪ˵ˣﲻʲôΣգԼҲͲȥ࿼ˡ
ŮˣҶƽԺٻӡˣΪﲻͬһŮˣ˿ȫأʶŮˣźܶĲͬ
밮кͺˣҶƽ֮ͻ뵽ֻҪ밮һЩ飬ϾŲ뻪ĽѺýˣֻҪЩ˴ڣ֮仹Ǻھġ
ΰǰݷҶƽ֪ʱΰǴˣϿŴŵˣĹæ̸̸Ŀ⡣
ʡ߼Ҳɺͽ˶ˣ߼ҲΪʡʹҪĿҲʡ£ȫ˳ΰһǿġ
ΰרҶƽ֪ȻܲӰΰһʡʡίǣۺʱǲӵģο֮ǰĹϵʮҪãˣȻҪӴ
ҶƽΰǱЦ˵ƽˣ֮л˳ɣ
Ҷƽһ뵽£Ц˵˳ǳ˳̬ȷǳã֮ĵÿġ
ΰǺǺǴЦƽڵ϶ˣʲôͳĵúܺ
ҶƽЦΰ㿴ϸͷѺ̸ĻˣûĵǳܵĻ棬Ҳ
뻪ĺñǷޣôаƽȥһǳɹˣ˵ٵĿɣΰǹЦؿҶƽ˵
Ҷƽ֪ǰԼĿģڻľþңͬʱڷչҲžʡҲî˾ȥչ˶ĿٽصķչͶĿĶΰǴ˴רǰˡ
ΰ뻪֮ñȷ޵Ļȴ˼ȥ˵ڻıȽСͬʱϵȽϺõʱ򣬻൱С檣ȻλֻҪȴֻܿߣѣΪڼģûʲôλ
ڻĿʼˣλ˱仯ΪޣλҪƽˣôôˣֻҪвĵλ϶ҪܵģֻҪάַ޹ϵΧڲڻ
ȵһ죬ַ޹ϵᷢɫת䣬Ҳ˵ΪޣĳΪʵֽɫҪֿĵɫ¡
ٽһչĻΪ檣ǻ檳ȺĻҪΪˣȻ˵ڿƺܣϣ˭֪᲻˥ȥ
Ҷƽ򵥵һ飬ȻΰЦЦΰǣĿǴ٣ǽȵˣҿмĿͦʺϰʡģͷҸϵһ£ǹ̸һ£Ȼ뿪ʡˣһҪİʡķչ
ƽǶлˣҺͼҲɻҪͬ־һǿ㣬˵飬ʡھ÷չѹǳҲһЩõĿȾĿǼҪġΰЩм˵
ҶƽǲǩκδȾĿǵĵˣǻǼɫչ·ߣŰȾĿתƵǾԲܵˡ
ΰǵ˵ͷԱЦƽǣզоڱأ
໹ǽҶƽԭĳƺҶƽ֮Ц˵ʰɣҲǱԽԽˣ
ҶƽЦΰǺ͸߼Ҳ˶ЦǺЦֱҵһֱôðɣ
Ǻǣͬ־һҲǫˣ߼ҲɴЦ˵
Ҷƽΰǵ˼棬Ȼǿ׷ϵԱʡǱ߿ĿǶ԰ʡһ֧֡ǿ֪Ҷƽԭڰʡ˼ʡίǹܲ˼һӣֻҪʺڰʡͶʾǿˡ
Ҷƽΰһ棬žóײּһ棬Ҫ̸ǳ̫ùͬ飬PPPǣھҪз
óײһӣҶƽЦ֣оΪͦĬġ֮ĹϵǳûлģǰΪѡЩ۸˼ҰֻҪ۸ľӲܣ˰ʮָмһ̨Ҫ뻪ĽѺãǵԵģھǲðߵģ˵Զײڣ
óײ̸˰죬ȥԺ󣬱ǿʼ̫ùͬ飬ҵС飬ʾһҪ̫ùͬ壬ٽľ÷չ
Сһó̫ùͬ岻ǼСɶãûдĲ룬ǶһЩȽĹң϶ûչʲô
ʱ򣬰뻪ĲμӣĵľûĲͿˣǲҲҪμӣҲų̫ء
ϱʾ̫飬Ūûϴ粻μˣϴ϶ͬˣ̫ǾԲ˻ģһҪǻֻ뻪ϴɡ
С֪뻪ĵĹϵһ̫λսߣȻ̫ӰԽԽˣǾ÷棬û̫ʲôôˣȻģһֻлҺսֻлֹʱҪ뻪վһ𣬹ͬıչ¸
С̣繫̫ùͬľչ෽̸һ̫ҵľ֯ʵ̫ķչ뷱١
ͬƽһףûзӦʱ򣬰ȼСȴͻȻһ飬һƺǳPPPģPPP⵽Ȼ߰ˣǾת㿪ĸ㵥ɣڲ֮ȴìأ޷չȥ
ͻȻðһ̫ùͬ壬ʱǸеɵۡӦĺܿ죬Ϣĵڶ죬׹˱Ǳʾӭ֯ĳΪ̫ĹԸ뵽ȥ
Ȼ˵Ļ䣬ҵóײܵȥˣ׼뻪̸м̫ùͬ顣
൱ֱӴһȻӭ˼Ҳӭ㰡֯Ҫûĵͷ磬һЪŰɡ
ôǴ»ǽִģȻͲˣϲʺĽɫڶ죬ǾȻǰСȥˣ׼һӣܰ֯ˣǾͻеˣ˸екͶġ
͸һ£Ͻ


1391 ͬ
ǸʺǼС֮ǽһʺǼСŵŵǸͼֹ⼸С뻪ĸһ
ȻȻС˻ڵӰǼС֪˼㣬ʲô¶㵽ͷɵϵȽϺ֮⣬ûĸܱ˹ϵΪ̫ˣһͻĵɵԹĴ
⼸Сŵ⼸СװѺõӣϣܸǴʲôôȻȵһߣ⼸СתͷȥŰһȥˡ
С˻֮ҶƽǼ棬ص̸̫ùͬĳ飬ĵ׳ǳ飬ר´ָʾʾȥǱ˶ˣټ룬öǣҲҪѧԼƶȻҵ룬ֻҪ̫ùͬˣĹҿкôȻҲϣ̫ùͬһŵ֯κˡ
Ļƶ꣬һֱ񸻹ǿչǵһҪǻĵľһֱطԭ򣬻ͷɣһЩæѣһתֻıһȻǲˬˡȻǿΪԼķչٺˮĻкܶطòԣſʼΧ»ģֹ
һֱž˼άȻгǺ£ڹʼϱǻײźΪʵ´֮ͬʵֺƽŲǷչƣ˵˼άģʽѾ෢չƣȻȴڲϹģΪвǣǵһңˡ
ȻΧ£ôȻҲԴУϾĵĿͷѾôˣΧҲǶ²ˣȻƿĸһףôҲ¯ԼóκΡ
̸ֵУʽ̫ùͬȥͶУоƶó׹ΧŻͽóԼԴȷ潨һӦܱ߹ҵóϵ
ڻĵ£̫ùͬʽȫĺ䶯ȹͷģý岻ٳŻĽͬ壬˵һȺϹʲôɻ̫ûĲ϶ǲеģͬ廹Ҫ
֮ҰһֱСȻɵ˸ˣƺû˸ôһС磬ʱʱҪһ٣б˵Ȼô٣ôСɵҪƨɣϾȥˡ
ĲʲôɻٷѾ޷뻪ȣûĸеǵ̬ȡԲһȭͷˣһ㣬У˻ĳ̫ù֮ͬ󣬱ǿ̬ȣη
ҶƽҲǵ飬ΪPPPڣȻû׼ǻǵ׼Ӻٸ̫ùͬģǺо㲻㣬ֲģֻҪҶܸһЩó໥ٽչһ¡
Ϊ֪ԭPPPʽˣ϶ԻӰ죬ΪһϵǱųģȻӳǶڻǻӰġ
ҶƽҲټԱ˷ΪPPPĿԺܵͣΪԵ̫Ȼǵͳ룬ǹᷴԵ̫ΪPPPĳûκκôΨĺôƺ⻪ĵãȻƺ⻪ȴҪôĴۣȻȹȴ˺ôⱾĲҲܽʵʣԼˣҪȥƺԶ֮ĻģⲻǳԱ˳ŵ
ĺöʵǳԱ˳ŵģȻЩͻôֳǵӢĶ˰˵ǮǸֻҪǵǿˡЩÿÿʱʵڰͨԨĲǵ֮ģͷȴֿտգһԼĹٲ֮أսӡ
ҶƽȥʱͳͻȻˡϴԴҶƽ֮ͳ͸ķʵģǲ֪ôģͻȻ֮䲻ˡҶƽжһǳʲô⡣
֮Ҷƽͷĳ⣬Ĺһ򸯰ܳţһԱΪ˻¸⵽Ա˾ͳš
ĸܴűȽ٣һý໥ƺƶƣһΪ̨֮ǰǮǴĿĲΪ˵ʲô쵼ŵ쵼֮׬Ǯ쵼֮ӰʹˣӰˣȻͿ׬ѵĳƱ˵˼֮ǰǮں̰۸ǵǮ
˵Ҷƽ˵֮ǱȽ⣬һʲôԱ־ͽа»ǸҪ밮صǸˣû뵽ʱΪܱˡ
»֮ǣ˺üͣ˺ܴĺ䶯ͳ֮Գٳ˻ľΪԭ
Ҷƽ֪֮ԼԼڶ˼Ϊ϶Ƕ԰»ʮַߺˣʵôǿڳ£ѵ밮޹
ҶƽҲȥϵȥͨϪҶƽ밮Ҳϵˣ˵ʱһרŰݷлľ֮
ҶƽһЦЦû£ʵҲھȰھԼѺ̬Ȼеǳ˵ġ
˴֮ͳģ뻪׳м档ͳĳûҪСĺ䶯ģΪǴ֮ķǣ˵񾭣ڻĳ̫ùͬʱ֪׻ʲô̬ȣ
䵣飬Ϊǽģڴ֮ǰǼԻĳ̫ùͬģΪû̫ϴܴӦΪֻ䵱̫ϴ󣬵ɵһֱͷ¶Ҫϴǿ϶ǲеģֻҪ쵼뷨ϴ̨̨ŵĳţ˵鱨治ǸǵģרЩ˵ĳţؼʱϡ
ɵȥҲûкнף˵ȥȥˣһҲӡΪ˻̬֮ȴ䣬ת뻪Ľãͬĳ̫ùͬ壬ôô죿
Ȼֻע飬һЩ뻪ЩͣȻֽĹҲڹ飬øľԼľߣϾֻҪ뻪ĽжԿҲûбҪɵ뻪ԡ


1392 ɱ
ͳԶܵ뻪׳һ棬ĸһǳ¡صĽӴҶƽΪķԱͳļ档
Ҷƽû뵽ǣȻҲͳԱУеǳ棬Ҷƽһʱ޷кֻ΢Ц⣬Ҳǡ
׳ͳʽл̸ͳʱʮѺãȫûҪ뻪ĽжԿ˼̸շǳãҶƽԱˣеķ޹ϵָֻˡ
Ҷƽ֪ǰ֮ҪѺΪԿ˭ûкôҲòôײһǵضɽҡ㲻¥嶼˺ƽദǹͬչ֮
ĵ׳ͳһͳҲǺͬʾ뻪֮һҪ꣬Ұһֱȫֻ֮ˣȫʵַٷչ
̸ǩϹ֮ϵ໥֧˸ԵţʵһܵϵǩϹͬʱͬʱԸ뵽̫ùͬ嵱Уʵ̫ĹͬչΪ̫ҵһԱԸ뵽̫ͥУѺദͬչ
һúܶ˸е۾Ϊ̫ùͬǻĸģҪӽֻ϶ϴˣ൱Ը϶
϶λ˻ûеԸڻǰ϶úܶû뵽벻һֱǷΪϴģϴҪ϶ˣСô죿ҪҪ룿
ӹҲˣҪһЩͳûзʻ֮ǰ뻪ĽӴ̸һ̸̫ͬ£һľĽ̸У̸дȻǸ¬̫
Ҷƽͳ뻪׳̸еļ϶밮档һ棬ʾлһҵӵŵŮ˵ζҶƽǸеǳ´棬Ů˿ڻĴľˣȻŮ˵ӣ˵̬˻ˣлŮ˵ᣡ
С㣬þûˣû뵽ġҶƽЦŶ԰˵
ЦŵҶû뵽ɣҾҪһϲ˴ͳǽл̸ʵ֮Ѻúһǳõ飬֮಻ҪʲôսͶԿѺòҪġ
Ҷƽ˵С㣬ҲŵģǹһЩƻ뻪֮Ĺϵһֱ֮Ĵֳƽϣֵ̫ĻĿ϶ǲòģǸʱ֮䲻Կܺȷʵһ¡
ЦҶôҰСˣʲôСأ
Ҷƽղûʶ⣬ڰһҲЦˣֻһʱʡԣû仰˼ˣȻһЦ˼˰С㣬ΪհԾͽ㰮Сˡ
ڿЦ˵ҶƽʱǰʲôС𣿡
Ҷƽæڰ˵ûеģ˵ҪǰĻҲֻᰮҵŰҿһ˰
Ц˵Ҷ˾ͲܰŮ𣿻֮໥Ļǿһ¡
Ҷƽһ˵⻰ʲô˼ѵԼǴ뻪֮మ
Ҷƽһ±ӣЦ֮మ֮మǲͬģ֮మǴ󰮣֮మСҪ࣬СҪңǰɣС㣿
ķǳãԲŻҶƽ˵һЩ˼ҶƽЦЦû˵
һȴͻȻҶƽҶ֪ͳΪʲôǹңҽѺû̸𣿡
ҶƽһǰСٳɵİɣ
ЦЦֻһԭ򣬸Ҫԭǰ
ҶƽһʱȻ˵ǰС㣬˵һЩôˣ
ʵ㽲ɣһɷͳΪͳڹڵһЩٴ봥ǵ棬ǲֱͳǲȡһЩֶͳĲȻŻˮ㣬ͳ̨㻹ǵϴε°ɣǸ»Ƿͳ͸ɽͬʱҲȫˣʱĿļңͬʱٸһ֮Ĺϵ֮ĶԿͳͻ޷мܣǾͻŰ취ͳ̨ˡȻ㵱ʱɱָɱˣļƻ֪ҲзҴıͳԣͳŹһɷڡһ飬֪Щ˵Ĵڣоп˼ͨһͳȻϹϵˣ̽Ǵ˴ͳ˼ͨûԭ򡣡
ｲҶƽ׿˼ͨ϶ΪʲôûԭͳոսˣСҲǵģͳȴǺͷͳ˸һ𣬳⣬ȻҪˡ
ű˵˸Σյ£ͳȻ֪˰»˿˽ԣûа취»ôΪͳ˻ǲ٣ֻҪǸʲôı¡»ıʱûвҲýзֻڷˡ
ȻȴеЩʼϲû뵽»˻ڰҪȡ˴ʩͳ֮ԻᰲȻ£ȫǻķԭ
ڽӵҶƽ̴֮ͨǰ˽һ鰮»˵ıһҪʲôΪʲôҪҶƽ֣һԭµ飬ΪҶƽǴģֵжΪõҲĻǾսΪֻҶƽûܵʲô˺Ȼ֮Ĺϵ϶񻯡
֮̿չͨһϵеֶ˰»˵һЩ»ֱһɶĴڣһֱ·жֶβ̣һЩֱ֮ʿһֱʹǰ»һг޷
ŰһߵŰ»˵ľٶܿ췢ֵ»ڴһǳΣյľٶǳܵȻ֪ˡԭ»ӶɱְɱͳȻټ޻ڻģƻ֮Ĺϵһͳָˣֱ̫Σˡ
֪ϢŸô죬ý뵽ڲУǴʱ֪ϢûκΪĻǾͻӰ쵽֮ĹϵŸδ飬ԼΰϢͨͳ
룬źȻһ뵽Ҷƽ˵İðﻹһȽѺõˣһϢĻϢٴݸͳͻⰵɱķӰ쵽뻪֮Ĺϵ


1393 Ϊ
ѸŻ֪鱨֪ͳʱͳȻʮŭͬʱҲ鱨ŶڹڵһЩǷΪûܼʱĲ֪еߡ
־ֳţͳѵ־ֳйһͨȻðеһ°»Ϊͳܲ׵ؾ͹ˣ뷨ⱳҪ»ϴͷȻСһỵ˴¡
ĽṹΪΣһνṹҲͳԱЩ̨ϵȨڶνȨṹǴмĲΣҪǼȨȦӣ繤̽ģ͹ģ֪ʶЩȨ飬̨֧ЩȨáṹ൱ڵײλѡƱЩ˵У˵ָȺڡ
ͳҪ̨ҪȺͶƱѡͬʱҪЩȨṹϲʿ֧ȻðͷĻᶼûУֻҪžѡͰѹȥˣҪ̨еһǸΪеһԱл̨²Ⱥô֪ѡ㰡
ͳ밮»һͷ»̨ϵͣͬʱвȨṹһԱʵʵȨԵܶԴʹͳεҲ
ͳ־ֳ鰮»»֪ܿͳһУ»ûµ£Ϊһ֮С
Ȼͳһֳ鰮»ͬʱȴ밮ɰеŰ»»ûзͳ밮ϣǷ˾衣
֮󣬰ﰵйӶĵԱǷ˰»һЩ»ÿĩ̫ƽһСȥȼ٣Сȼʱ˰æ߼Ů֡
һϵĳ˾ĸܲãüΪأֻм˲֪Ϊ˵飬Ա˼ڽиٵ飬ղ鵽˿
һ鵽Ժ󣬰ͳ̣һҪȡʲôʩͳһ»ȻμˣһҪѣ޷ٶκв
ýʮַȥǷǳɣ˵ʲô˵ʲôʵǲܵ飬ΪýԲܵƣܵʱĿƣʱڱý壬ǲʱģҪнˮҲҪʱҵ֧֣ûʱҵ֧֣ܳΪ󱨼ߣܳΪߡ
˼ýײȨṹеһԱýĲݡͳͨýع£һĳţð»̨ð»ѣҪҵһýбϡ
ý밮»׽ý壬ȻΪûкôˣֻҵ׽Щý屨顣
ͳðȥ飬Ҫð»̰ۡнвãһܵ׼һϢΪʲôҪһϢأΪһĩҶһϢʱ䣬ʱЩţһæϰ࣬ȥע飬ȫĹע˱ϽȻý屨תأγһǿ۹ƣ»޷֮
ȻϢһý屬ϳԺǿҷ죬һʼûзƬֻһСţ֪Ϣʽз
»ʱҪȥСȼ٣һ飬ȡ˶ȼٵļƻ̰Աг壬ʾ޴£ҪйصıֽеǸ׼ٺ
»һȻƽϢһۣͼʱϢϿ϶ǲķڷģȻý幥Ҫģھð»ݣȻٸһ
ĩҶڽֵ»μ˳ţȻ»þתۣʹ˰ݣô»ͻһ٣ǰѾ߻ãѣ
һ糿ȱϢýѰ»Сμ˵Ƭ˳Ƭͷܿ»§ŮһһŮ֣˵ĳ罻ϵĸ߼Ů밮»֮ϵ
ƬһǷˣڰ»֮¼ǺƽģƬһҽһ͸©صϢ֤ʵ»ȷʵμһ£һϵһЩ֪ʿǿʼְ»ˣΪ»߱βԱĵУһŵˣĲܳιְҪ󰮵»̴ְ̨
ڵ֮ܰһǿ˶˺飬»̳Ϊʸ֮ģϵ׽ýϴأûϵѻһ˭ҲҸϴˣ˭ϴأ˭ǳ˰ס
»ڿֻ֮ȥԱְ񣬴Ӵ˲ٴΣǰݡ
ͳȻƽ½Ҫ֪ʹ»ְˣڣڣٰΪУȥԸˡ
ڰ»ְĵڶ죬ýϣ»μ˵ǮȫһҴ˾ģ»ΪҴ˾ıȡ棬»ӸܷְܽҪµ飬ײⱳĺĻ
һоǱȽϺˣֱа»Ҫͳһ֮˾Ž¼أ»鰸֮Է
ڹڵۼල£»һֻ׸ˣհ»ʮꡣ
ֱҶƽ֪ڰһͳȽϸмİųΣգȻСܿ͹ˡ
ڰѰ»⵹֮ͳû뻪ĽսԻϵ̫ùͬ壬뻪һٽ̫ķ١
һ£뻪֮ٴԺͣٽ˫߹ϵĽһչͳڻص֮˳PPPı뻪֮սԶԿǴٽ˫ĺ
ʱһֱɵۣ̫ùͬ岻ͰˣôȥԺ˳PPPҲҴһкⲻҪҵ̫˽˰ɣ
ͷ룬ĹҲûٱԹôˣǷҲûá
֮£еסˣٴɽ뻪ĽЭ̣ʾϣ̫ùͬ壬ıͬչ
ɽҶƽĵ֮£Ƿǳ׽ĵģ׻ʿģҶƽȻҲнӴ쵼ָʾɽе̸йԭͬ룬ͬɻģԣǱҪӻĵģջƶĹ£ԭһƶĹ˵㡣


1394 ۶
ͳĵôٽ˻֮Ĺϵ֮һõĺʱڣͬʱ̫ùͬļ룬ĹԽԽ࣬ûĵĹӰԽԽҶƽΪ񲿳ͷеǳˡ
ת֮䣬Ҷƽ񲿳λϴһ꣬˵ÿ춼ʮֵæµæµûʱؼҡƽѩ˵ԭھǵʱڵ˾Ȼ֪ʱȥˡ
ҶƽЦ룬ҵʱ䶼׸ˣĻʱ䡣񲿵鶼һЩ飬ҴڲһλãյĶǺ۵ݣãɲãһС
Ҷƽ񲿴ɵʱ򣬵شϽĸ۶ʡһҪ飬۶ʡʡͳɼͻȻڹλϣ¸۶ʡʡһְȱ۶ʡ֮λһֱɸ۶ʡ˳Σʡ۶ʡίοɴʱ뽨һ˳θ۶ʡʡıԭʡѡģʽӳԶڸ۶ʡصķչٽɲĺͬʱɲ
Ľ飬ҲһΪ鲿쵼ǣҶƽȥʡҶƽȥʡҪмһǸ۶ʡڷʡݣһʡĸɲȥ±˻Ʋ𣬾ʡݱʡԶˣʲôﵣʡҶƽ񲿳öóףڳｨ̫ùͬϣ˺ܴȥ۶ʡٻһ㡣
ڶҶƽԭڹʡιְ۶ؽҶƽְίڼ۶ʡĸɲйӴϤһЩǴɲĽǶȳҶƽطʡְڸɲϾ񲿳һְʵһҶƽطܷӸҪá
鲿쵼ǰ죬Ҷƽ̸ʾĹҪ䶯һ˵Ҷƽһк˼׼Ȼ˵񲿳һְеȽ񣬵ǱϾҲһˣҲ˳ˣͻȻҪ뿪黹Щ᲻á
鲿쵼һ̸һʱûӦʾİţȥ۶ʡԲϵ졣
鲿쵼ЦЦ˵һ˵ʵ뷨ǷҪȥְһҪ˵ʵ뷨Ҷƽȴ֪˵ˡ񲿵ĹҶƽʵǳԸڵطϹڵطϹԴ󣬿ķΧ㣬Ȼ񲿹֮ΪֱţԼȨ󣬴˵ķԸǱȽӦȨȽϴĵط
룬ҶƽȴǸе˵鲿쵼˵ʵ뷨ֻܱʾһֱڵطϹ񲿹һ꣬»صطϹǷǳġ
Ҷƽ鲿쵼Ҫȥְβ˳ˮۣӦ鲿쵼Ҫ󣬺α鲿쵼еΪأ
Ҷƽ鲿쵼ǳˣҶƽ׼۶ʡְ񲿵Ĺǿһ¡
Ҷƽ֪֮󣬻ȥǿӹˣ֮ǿҪ񲿳һְǿϵĲǿ񲿳λӻǲ
鲿쵼Ҷƽ̸껰֮󣬱ǰѽҶƽθ۶ʡίʡύ쵼֮ǰ쵼鲿쵼Ҷƽ̸ģҶƽ˵ôһʽҶƽ۶ʡְˡ
Ҷƽڵ֪һ֮󣬻صһ˵ƽѩǲˣ˵Ҫ£ҪһѵͲܹһȵҶƽ룬ΪμңļָңĻСҵĸȻʲôμңҲû˵Сˣûа취顣
Ҷƽǰοһ£ҽԼ۶ʡȥƽѩһ룬ʱûϾһȥݵе̫ˬˣҪȥ۶滹и
ȻӣҶƽҲǿԼȥɢȥ۶ʡǰһϣھǵļһһٷҶεȼ˵Ҫ£ҶβЦһλǴסûиȣھǶãҿԾ档
ҶƽǺһЦû˵ʲôڴλϣʲôҲö˵ˣ˵ԸȥǲԸȥʣٵˣȻˣΪԶʧĵ쵼˱Ҫ
鲿һȥ˸۶ʡҸˣ鲿ĸѲԱˣɲˣøŸһ۶ʡ
ҶƽѾѲĹǿ˽ӣǿҶƽʱһЩ֮ĵģڿҶƽŹͷǸеҶƽһλʵ˵쵼Ҷƽβڼ䣬˹ϵĲ񲿹Ҳõ쵼Ŀ϶쵼ӳԱȫΪҶƽС
ҶƽڷɻϷ۶ʡŻҶƽͻȻеԼһСţǸ۶ʡ֮ؿ˵Ի֮أĸ￪ŵǰأԼûֵطιְԼȥÿչ
ǹȥ٣ǾνĹԱ˭Ҳʲô飬ʹҲֻ˽˵˵ҹʡжԿҪΪǾͱҪĸɲķڷУȻҪﵽĿ꣬ȽѰ
鲿һ𣬿һĬӣǶ˵ƽͬ־ϾҪ۶ˣûʲôѹɣ
ҶƽתͷЦЦⲿʲôѹҪ˵ѹǴѹѹ
鲿ЦҶƽصӣΪͷѹǹʣҶƽһЦֽŵոȥˡ
Ҷƽ˵֮ȷʵеԼɶˣûʲô˵ģ֧֣и۶ʡõĻʡӦøɵĺܣ
ɻڸ۶ʡæһ۶ʡίѽӵ֪ͨ۶ʡίοԹӻ˵ʡίǣûбҪӻģǵ鲿쵼ȻҶƽģӻ˾ҶƽǳҪҶƽһĹ˰Թӻ
һ·ɻ鲿쵼κΣ֣οɹӻͷҲǸˣȻǽҶƽ
Ҷƽο֮ûйҶƽ֮﹤ȴĪĹϵ˼Ҷƽ֮οɱǺ׽Ҷƽ֣ѡ
Ҷƽο˲ʮһ㣬۶ʡʱҲһʱ䣬θ۶ʡί֮ǰһʡʡ۶ʡʡίǾá
ãȻһɼȻ۶ʡĹٳҲǰʡίҪһǿʡԭķΪصĹԱԱȽǿһЩԼ⣬ȻܸɣĽĺϲ£ΪҲǿչǴϻȥûʲôëϷȻᵹڹλϣٳҶƽĵ


1395 ʡ
οɰҶƽ鲿쵼һнӵʡίʡָӴصƱݣһǼıݣҶƽסȵʡķʰ֮ȥס
Ҷƽ鲿쵼絽ģٿȫʡ쵼ɲᣬҶƽ쵼ɲο֣鲿쵼һϯ̨ҶƽҲϯ̨鲿쵼Աߣ鲿쵼ھеλá
鲿ĵطɲֵľֳҶƽҶƽθ۶ʡίίԱίʡίǡ֮鲿ҪڽжҶƽһ˵ҶƽǷǳϿɵģ˴۶ʡְʮֺʵġ
鲿쵼껰֮Ҷƽ˽ڽ˵ҵ۶ʡǶҵΡش󣬼ӵľһ㡾ְءҵҵиŬкȫʡ
ҵ۶ʡҾǸ۶һԱҪ龫ǡְʼռֶԵҳϣԾ뵳뱣ָ߶һ£κ¶䡢ơηƫʼռΪȫͶ뵽ȫʡĸ﷢չȥʵֺáάáչȺڸΪһйĳŵ㣬ҹڹиץʵɡʼռɣԡƷСʣԾصԱ쵼ɲ׼򣬴ͷִɸ涨ŽȫʡɲȺڣΪƶ۶ĸ﷢չ츣۶Լȫ
Ҷƽ˽֮οɴʡί˱̬ʾӵľӭҶƽͬ־۶ʡҶƽͬ־ڶλϹḻᶨпؽȡ۶Ƿǳʵģǰ۶ʡһչ󿪷ŴĸʱڣһҪץסȽȫСᡣ
ⷬʵο۶ʡְʱ˵Ҳ˵ᵽ󣬴չ󿪷ţĸǶԸ۶ʡҪΪ۶ʡԭǿŵǰأȻڷչʱûµᷨҵĸĸﾫͻп˲˱ҪԴ־ͷµĻԻ͡
ʱЩͬᷨΪø۶ʡĳɼʵɳģǿںŶѳģֻܸɾˣʲô󲻴ν
۶ʡصʵɾȷʵֵοǴڵʡݹģ˻ϣһЩкĿںţȻôģοҲûдģΪʡίǣץľùҪĿںģһƶãҲе⡣
ҶƽˣȻҪЩںţȻ۶ʡпʡݸԽֻȥʵ֣ƶ۶ʡһת߽һµʱ
ҶƽʱͬοɵᷨģΪ˼οЩӽʵȻֻ֪һζȥʵɣ֪ȥ̧ͷ·û˴ʶ϶ߴģǼҪͷɣҲҪѧ̧ͷ·ϲС
οɽ껰֮쵼ɲǽˣȻصڲĻңοҪʡ쵼ɲҶƽкʡίʡʡ˴ʡЭ쵼鲿쵼Ҳһͬ
ΧһȦ鲿쵼Ȼм䣬ûнҪοɽģǱﻶӭҶƽ۶ʡְ˼ȻҶƽЩʡίίʡʲôģҶƽʶһ¡
Ҷƽ￴ǣȫǸ۶ʡʵʿοȻǸ߸ϣûЩ˵֧֣޷չȥģʶһ£һõദĹչġ
Ժ鲿쵼ҪȥοɺҶƽһȥͱǣͱ֮οɱרҶƽֹͨһ¡
οҪһΪҪҶƽͬŬԼ֮ĹͨбҪġ
ƽͬ־۶ʱҲյҪͬŬѸ۶ʡðοҶƽһ˵⻰
ҶƽǷǷ˵ǣҵϴ磬ǸԺʲôָʾ˵ҶԸ۶ʡϤʲôలţָʾ
οɵǹͬŬɣ۶ʡҲǱȽϸӣҰѸ߽ʽйһص飬һٿһδչ󿪷ŴĸﶯԱᣬȫƶǸ۶ʡ߲ηչ
οҶƽΪǳã۶ʡǺܴˣǹ󻹲УҪߣҪţ־ܽ⡣
ҶƽͬţοȻǷǳ˵صƽͬ־ȷģͬ־ȥһֱҪһܸɵʡһҾǸе۶ķչָտɴˣ
οɱȽ˷ܣҶƽеദӦһǳ飬һǰ·ˡ
̸Żһᣬ߽ʾǴˣʡ鳤칫ΣҶƽĴ飬οźҶƽĹҶƽϤʡĽɫ
Ҷƽ߽֣߽ǷˣƺûдӷȥӰ߳ԵúܰûʲôҶƽֻǿЦЦ
ӣҶƽҲû˵ʲôֻ֡οɱ㰲ҶƽȥʡźҶƽĹ
ҶƽοָǰʡҶƽ֮οɰʡ˴θ˹ٿʡ˴ίᣬҶƽΪʡʡҶƽʽΡ
ҶƽʡԺ󣬸߽ʴʡһ¥棬ʡͳʡİ칫С¥ֻĲ㣬ʡ칫Ҳ棬ĸʡֱڶ¥¥칫
߽ʴҶƽ߽칫С¥֮󣬱¥Ķߵһ䣬Ҷƽİ칫ҾѴɨɾ׼䣬ݣ׼һݡ׼鷿칫ĵطǻҡ
Ҷƽ߽֮˿ʱһ˹߽ʱǶ˵ҶʡСʤɨ
ҶƽɨһʤеڶʮϣǲμӹõĴѧֻרŸɨģһõĴѧʡֻܴɨ˵ⶼһ˲˷ѣɨΪʲôŸ㱣㣿Ȼİ칫ҿܻأһѧרŴɨЩ˷˲ˡ
Ҷƽֻͷһ룬ʤڿԼЦЦһʡãȻȥɨ
߽ʿ˿ҶƽʵҶʡʲôҪ󣿡
Ҷƽչ϶Ҫרְ飬ƽʱԸʹã߽ΪʡĴܼң϶Ҷƽ棬ȻרְΪ쵼Ҫ飬ѡҲǷǳأҪ쵼鳤ܸš
ҶƽһʱûѡԼרְ飬߽ʵӣЩһʱڵ˵СǰҴɨ⼸ʱһҵɣ


1396 Сͬ־
߽һʮֵȻΪʤղμӹĴѧոһƼĸɲۼҶƽ񣬵Ҷƽ˵ʱ䵱һ飬Ҳ÷ԣʤҲʡ칫˾ĹԱֻʤûʲôʡһֱһЩڵĹɨɨˣշһ±ֽˣЩȻܼ򵥣ǱϾʡҪһЩûĻû֪ʶɣδܸɵúãʤĴѧҲбҪġ
ʤɨŵأһʡȻҪʱ䵱һ飬Ȼһ£ôܣʡ칫һͨĹԱʡ칫ĵλǷǳͣȻܸʡɨֻһɨģʡߣ黹ûйء
ʤѹĵļ˿ûи˵ıʾΪ֪Լ˻ʡ鳤߽ʵϣҶƽĻֻһʱʱ⣬߽ºԣˣԲֳܱʲô˵ӣø߽ʶκηС
ҶʡСҲԭʡСŻڣҪҪ棿߽һ˵ԪһɲԭǷרְ飬ڷһȥʱʧҵ߽ʴӦʡȻƼΪʡ顣
˸߽ʵĻҶƽһ룬Ԫһ͸߽ʹϵУԪΪרְ飬ڻ߽̬ȵ£ٻһЩ񣬲ԪΪԭ飬϶Ը۶ʡĻǳ˽⣬ԼҪһ֪۶ʡԼ顣
ҶƽһԺ˵ҼοҪٿȫʡ󿪷ŴչĸﶯԱᣬʡҪϺôٿ칫ͬ־Ҫһ£ץܣЭʡί칫λ׼á
߽˵һͷȥ顣
Ҷƽ˵ͷû˵ʲôּ߽һҶʡסķϾҪ׼ˣͿס
Ҷƽ֪ˣ۶߱Ƚȣסô
߽ϵסǷǳģʡ쵼ķȫװޣ
Ҷƽⷿװ޲װ޵⣬۶ôȣһЩܲˡ
˵⻰߽ʱȥȻҶƽڰ칫棬ø߽ʰѽڵĹø˽һȫʡڵ
ʤɨҶƽ˿кСĸѧҵģ
ʤһľн˵ڰʡϵĴѧԱģ
ҶƽһĿһۣ˵ǰʡˣ
ʤ˵ǰʡеġ
һʤеģҶƽһҲˣȻϼҵˣȻʤֻһСӣκεİã
ҶƽЦŶʤСǻ簡
ʤ̳ϻ̳Ͽ֣˵ҶʡҲǰʡģ
ҶƽЦûһеģ簡
ʡ磬ʤû뵽ЩִٲվҶƽЦСţ㵱ҵòã
ʤŵصҶҶʡܸɵ𣿡
ҶƽЦôɲ˰úõظɾܸˣֻʱһ£㿴ҲǴѧҵĹԱҪϽѧϰڵְȻֻɨشɨҲҪעѧϰԲԣ
ʤ˵Ҷʡһǿѧϰúù
Ҷƽ˵ͷһᣬѸ߽͹Ĺ򱨸һ£òģʤæӦ
Ҷƽո۶ʡĹҪ˽⣬Ҫ۶ʡίĹͼҲοսԣҪʵʡĹΪôʡҪסϴλӣܽҪˡ
۶ʡŵǰƵĳöҵŵյķ糱ӦԵĻ»ŸĳڱҪӦһΣ
ʡʡΪʡ֣ҶƽҲҪ˽ǵʡҪ֣ʡճҪģֻһЩشŻᱨ߽Э洦ʡճ
ȻҪúõһģٽ֮Ĺϵڰѹá
ԭζίǣθʡٵŵ˳ʡĸˣǸ۶ʡʡУȫʡеξõλǳҪ
ҶƽߣΪһʡҪعԱ֧֣Ҳ֪ڸ۶طһֱɱ˳ʡģͻȻһʡ±صĹԱ΢ʣͻһЩϵѡ
һ飬ҶƽеҲûʲôµģڹʡְʱ򣬲ҲȻһЩϵѣǻǰѶȹˡ
Ҷƽڰ칫棬ǰĹ򱨣ʤڲԶȴţҶƽʲôҪҪȥһõĻᣬȻֻʱ飬ֻҪҶƽϿһһɻڴ
ҶƽŹ򱨣йȫʡƵļ򱨣ӸرĹƲֹۣ綫ΪȫʡҪóУڳ˹յķ糱ҪԭóƲֹۣӪɱӣʵҵܵ˺ܴĳ
ҶƽȻǸеСʵҵǹҷչĸûʵҵãĵĹҵˮƽ᲻ȥģʵҵѣҪ
ҶƽһԴżʱе绰ˣ˽˵绰֪ġóһǹάάȻڹʡι˵˸۶ʡʡǴ绰ˡ
һǹάĵ绰ҶƽǽһᣬҶƽר˷άҲͦãûʲôɵĵġ
ڵίǣΪԭ飬ҲǷչķǳˡ
깫άĵ绰ҶƽԼ۶ʡ֮ǲҪϲ£Ļ²ôӦ֣ҵϲһ±صĸɲ֪ԼǲεģҪȡԼΣҪúõر֡
Ҷƽӿʼ飬ȻΪʡȨŲ˸ҲӣӺӦȴǲһġ
Ϊһ쵼ߣҪһɼҪ¼ԼͼȻܺܺõʵԼͼȻɼ
ʹûԣĻҲûõģ˽ԼİһǳҪ飬ھҪʡĹһõĿչ


1397 Ӳ춫
Ҷƽ۶ĵڶ죬ȥнеУø߽Щ֣ΪҶƽոΣʡ˴ûΪʡʡʽϣһóƺΪҶʡ˽Խһ£ǹϻҪʵʵְͷС
ҶƽеһЩʵ徭ŵշ糱оԼЩסҪ뷨ȥһ£ȻܻӰ쵽ȫʡ÷չ١
һ룬ҶƽȥпһҶƽ˵Ҫȥ߽Ȼ裬ðŵг̣ͬҶƽһȥ
߽ҪԪҶƽģҶƽ˵ҪȥûʱˣߵʱҶƽ˵ʤţ߽ʤһۣȻû˵ʲôʤȴǸеһ˿˿ڣŸ߽ʶҶƽĽӽﲻˡ
һ칫ĹԱʡ鳤칫εĿƣ߽ʵȻǲ˵ģҶƽʤЩˣʤʸ治ΪҶƽģҶƽһ仰ȴʤһ죬ȻҪҶƽһ𵽶неˡ
вһСʱ·̣ҶƽӸгһСʱ˶СҶƽһʮˣ˸߽֮⣬Ҫʡ칫˺ʡ־ϵˡ
;óУŸ£Ҷƽø߽ʰѳ־֪ͨһȥнеС
֪ҶƽҪйίǮԪʤг¥һ𵽸·ڽӭӣҶƽӭǳУһǸ߽ʰŵģǮԪʤͻ¥˴ҲڽӭҶƽڳû³ȥǣǿǺֱϳȥ
ҶƽﶫʱסǵߵһҴƵ꣬ҹƵꡣ濴ȥƻԻ͵ģίָдƵ꣬Ҷƽһûע⵽ҾƵ֣ȵ֪ʱѾסˣһ֣Ҷƽ͸оסʲôҹ죿еҹܻ˼ʡסҹܻᣬ˸ееЦ
Ҷƽ϶ʱ֣ý߽ʿɫѿΪҶƽˣæʺһ¡Ҷƽ̧ͷ˿˵ҵľƵ̫ߵˣסһҪǮ
Ҷƽ˵Ƶֵ£ֻôⷽίԼ뷨߽һ˵Ƕͬ־ŵģһҲûжǮɣָдƵ꣬ӦЭ۵ġ
Ҷƽв˵ҾƵ̫ߵˣסߣǸһҡ
ҶƽԸסҴƵ߽꣬ʲʲôԭ򣬵Ҷƽˣʡ鳤÷ӣֻ˵ҰǮԪʤͻ¥йǸһҡ
ҶƽȥУϵ
̴߽ӦһȻ֪ͨǮԪʤͻ¥һȥСеĵصԶ̳ӼǱߣڴ֮ǰطȫͶʵĳӣǳ
ڴԼһĳͣ״̬ҶƽطһǮԪʤͻ¥ˣ֪Ҳ޷Ϊӵĵ޷ڸǵģǱʵҶƽ㱨һ£ȡʡϵ֧֡
ҶƽһѾյĳֻмصˣǶ˼٣Ļ豸ڣĴŷҳѾ˼ҸˣԺ˷ҪƲˡ
Ҷƽ󣬿˿üͷȻǽˣΪưܵԲᷢڵأΪڵݱطչУطôܻ
ίȡʲôʩҶƽؿǮԪʤͻ¥ʵ
ǮԪʤζίѾˣ¥гҲˣڶдʱ䶼̣Է˵һָƣҶƽ飬໥һ£ǮԪʤû¥شΪ¥гҶƽʡӦǮԪʤڻ¥֮в䡣
¥˵羭ٲ͵ĳУڴԼҵǴӹĳóףܹʾӰܴ󣬶һεĹʾúʱȽϳЩҵǳŲסˣ⣬ɱҲһԭͶɱԼľӪɱߣҲǵ޷Ӫȥԭ򡣡
¥ǰһ£Ҷƽ֮üͷһ壬˵ô˵ԭܼ򵥣ⲿǹʾòڲԭǳɱߣôʲôİ취𣿡
ҶƽһʣǮԪʤ˵Ҳ취飬ЭһʽǼȥֻҪʾõĺȥͻһЩ⣬ҲһЩó׽ᣬǽóϵĿչ
ǮԪʤĻҶƽ˵İ취ά״İ취֮ǰչģʽûȥ̥ǣ˶յĻԻͣǹҷչô꣬ýṹڲϷ仯ǰе˿ںͶԴЩ򵥵ĳóף㽨Ӷ׬ǮȻǵľ÷չ죬һжˮǴߣɱȻҪӣּ򵥵ļӹó׳ӣһֱֺУ˼ŵ½־棬Ҳ־棬ǾһҶĿ̩ɽˣҪٴλԻͣҪʡίĴչ󿪷ŴĸҪʵҵ̥ǣת侭÷չ˼·öгΪһзչǱĳСʲôĳзչǱǱǽ˲žۼҵģʽҵǿôûгȥչ
ҶƽһʣǮԪʤͻ¥˾ɵˣЩһֱּӹó׵ķչģʽȥŽʲôǱĳУȫ֮֮ͭǮ̫࣬Ϊ׬Ǯ̫ףǮ̫࣬׬ǮûͶ뵽ҵĿϣҲûͶ뵽ҵƷзϣȫǸҵ򹤣׬һ㹤˵ѪǮȻеľȥˣЩҵһգϾͻ
Ҷƽ⣬ǮԪʤͻ¥˾Ͳûشˣһʱ˸еʡЩͱˣ˿¼ӣΪеίǺгȫʡͬǰǱȽӵģϾеľõλأ˸ݺУǾڵλˣ˵ʲôҶƽҲҪֱɣ
ǮԪʤ룬ֻ÷ܵҶʡҲųⷽķչǱ߷һ֮һʱҲ޷ȫתŬ
Ҷƽ仰˵ĺã߷һ֮ǿһҪԶԲ״Ȼ׼ԴڶǶżżܽ⣬һƬ֮УǰĽѵҪȡͬʱĹҪҪҵ֮·еķչҲҪһȷķ򣬱֤ʮ֮ڲ顣


1398 ʶ
ҶƽվĿ⿴ǰǮԪʤͻ¥˿ͷɵظеɵ룬ʡϺô󰡣㲻ôùͷһõù
еݣΪеίǺгڱصһǮһջǮǺͻг侭ǮǰǮгǮǰǮĻԴǮԪʤһС¢˶дССĳǽ̣гһΪ¥ϲ̻ЩݲݣһΪϲŮˣΪ˱Ƚϻƽʱ֪鸾кü˵˲֪ˡ
ǮԪʤͻ¥ڶܲʡͷֵ֧ˣʡ֧֮һ⻹ʡ˴ʡЭ쵼֧֣Ȼڸ۶ʡ̳Ϸޡ
˵˵У⼸Ű취˲ٵʣнҲòܵʾôԼͶɱӰ죬еľͷʮѸͣȻȲĳУҪȸеķչٶȻҪ͡
Ҷƽʱ֪ǵǾ£Ҫˣ˴ʱСģȻҶƽĵҲе죬ΪʡһְǱʡĸɲεģҶƽȻǵλӡ
֮ǰҹܳʡһְǳʡʡίίίȫɽһʡְλѡĿҪһЩȫɽҲС˭Ҳû뵽Ҷƽﵣʡ˵롣
ǮСҶƽʱҲûҶƽĻ£ΪҶƽˣ˽ָʾǸе
ҶƽȻ֪ǵ˼ЩưܵҵתǮ˵Щҵҿˣûҵҿ
ǮԪʤæ˵УУиոͶʯҵͶʶﵽٶڣǸʡڵʱģҶʡǲҪȥһ
еʯĿǸڶеҪ֮һͶٶԪ˵Ƿǳ޴󣬵ʱ˺ܴĺ䶯ǮԪʤͻ¥ȻҶƽȥһʯĿ
һĿҶƽǲ⣬ֲ˵˵ȿɣȥһǵĹ㱨
ҶƽͻȻ̬ǮԪʤͻ¥һôһʯĿѵҶƽԸ⿴Ҫ֪ǸĿȥһҲǸӰѵҶƽ֮ìܣ
뵽ֻæӦŻȥҶƽ㱨Ȼұһ˶֮ҶƽŻ¥ί㱨
¥ǰѶнľ÷չнԼһЩҶƽ˻㱨Ҫɼ˳˵⣬Ȼҵٵշ糱顣
Ҷƽţȵ㱨󽲵ǰٵľƱȽϾ»أΪʡҪľôУٵϾҪԭ򣬻Ϊʡί󿪷ŴչĸҪ˼άʵֳԽǵľûΣӾôбɾǿУӾôʡɾǿʡǽĿ꣬ΪˣһҪȨٽõɶȣͬʱǻҪǿܣֹ־ĭӰ쵽ȶǽǳأ۶ʡеĵһվ֮ֻ֣⣬⣬ȥɼҲΪɼǹȥģҪͿͣ飬ȥһֱæڷչ⿴Ƿչе⣬Ҫת˼άʶһҪǿһҪ⣬⣬ˣǽǷչǽһ˼·
ҶƽһͨһԵĸ߽ʶеĿһ£ͬһ쵼ĽˣҶƽһ⣬⣬ģֲԸȥǸʯĿȥ
Ҷƽʶһܸߵĸ߶ȣһҪת䣬Ҫ֪⾭ڣǲʶôһ߶Ͻһ㱨⣬Ҫǽɼɾֻͣһʴ˭ҲǰͷȻҶƽ˼Ҫѽһȵλã˱һֳɼֽȻûйġ
߽ţǮԪʤͻ¥ȻҲţҶƽʶҲǸеһѹȻǾôУȫʡҲǲģҵշ糱һܴ⣬ڶУֻǽҵֻһ󣬲Ϊ壬ҵյҵֻռȫҵһСıӰ쵽֡
ȶģʱҲԼܾ鲻ֵС֣ȻȫʡУһҵ治һʲô¡
Ȼһֱ룬κθıĻЩҵҲпٳҶƽһϢ󣬱ǹһΪҵղһС飬ΪӰ쵽ܶ飬ҵͶʵĵȵȣҪΪһҪС
Ҷƽ֮ǮԪʤͻ¥˶˱̬ǵı̬֮󣬱ɢᡣʱǰǮԪʤͻ¥ҪҶƽԷҶƽ컹ҪһЩҵһЩҵʿΪһʩ׼ǲܻظˣҪ
ҶƽǴӦǮԪʤͻ¥ЩһԷԷĵطǲҹƵ꣬һҿȥȽĴƵ꣬εȻǼȻҶƽ˲Ҫ̫ߵľƣǶطȥ͵ļľƵʵǲӣҶƽʡ
ҶƽƵ֮󣬸߽ʺǮԪʤ¥˱ǰӭӽȥΧ֪ʡˣ׶ΪʡˣųǲСӴкܶˣټҶƽˣȥǺƺƵӣǺų
˾Ƶ֮Ҷƽ˸䣬߽ʳ־ϵʡĴ쵼ȻҪҶƽһǮԪʤͻ¥λίҪ쵼ҲҪҶƽһһһԡ
Էʱ򣬾ȻҪϵģطúȾƣҲɾƣϵę́кƣͿҶƽʲôˡ
߽ʵȼعԱúƺȣҶƽһЦ鳤ôܺȺأⲻę́һһ
һҶƽҪęֵ߽̫́ңȲߣһǺȵưɣҶʡǱˣϷ˿ûȡ
ǮԪʤҲǸЦ鳤˵ûҶʡǱˣϲę́Բę́ģɲҺ־ƣǺȺơ
һӵûһę́ģҶƽ룬ԼոЩعԱǱˣȫȺƣǰɣУҲҪǺһę́Ƹɴ಻ȣ


1399 ĵ˾
Ҷƽվÿ˶һę́ôҸеһþ֮ˣǮԪʤͻ¥һҶƽож࣬˽ͷҲȻͬʡ˰ѾƺȺã
һ룬ǺҶƽ˼ӣʡȰҶƽ˵
ҶƽľǺ̫࣬Ҫȶپƣ̽һ´Ҷ̬ȣȻ˵ȾƲҲԷӳǶԵľس̶ȣǼֲȣǾǲӣųˡ
Ҷƽͷŵģ󿴵Ǯںϲ¶ЦݣǺһľƣǲˣҪԷ
ʵڵһνӴҶǲôϤǮԪʤͻ¥ȻЩҰԼʵĿ¶ҶƽǰһҪҶƽǰֳԼжɣǲԸҶƽǰ˵̫Ļ
ҶƽԼǰǳȻҲ֪ԭ򣬲ĿѾﵽЩǿӲʱû˻ҵ涥ײеԼǮԼ߽Ĳ֮ͬǶԼƺ׽ȻǶԼ𾴡
쵼֮䵱ȻҲ̫׽̫׽Ҳ̫࣬Щ˶ԴԼǾǹ߻ǾԶ֮ȴܷӳǶԴԼ뷨ԼͬȻͻദ֮бֳڿǮ˵ԼŴĲͬûбԼ뷨ͬеһĵط
극ƣǮҶƽúϢҶƽҲˣ߽ʺг־ϵסھƵҶƽûȶپƣص֮ԼһǮԪʤͻ¥˽ӴţҲ֮ǰ֪ӴӴȥԼȫٿǮԪʤͻ¥УϰյĿڱǲ֪ģһ뵽ˣ˼
ȵϢһᣬ˼裬ǰʤ˹ʤ˴θҶƽоǳķ⣬ʡǺðе쵼Ҷƽһ̶߿ˣȻǲһĴϴθŰ칫˹쵼ʲôûмһ쵼ˣһôѺãִһּ㡣
ҶƽйȻĵ˵һСһȥһ£Ҫ˽
ʤҶƽȻǴ󶯣ʡôǶһޱȵģͷҪҶƽʲôָʾ
Ҷƽ֣Ҫʣȥˡʤ̸ҶƽߣȻ߳˾ƵĴţƵĹԱǲʶҶƽ֪ҶƽҪʲôҲûȨġ
˾ƵţʤҶƽҪȥҶƽһ˵Сȥһ⳵ų⳵תһת
ʤһȥ⳵ȻҶƽһ˳⳵˳⳵֮󣬳⳵˾ȥʤ֪ҶƽҪȥҶƽһ˶磬˾ʦڳﶵ磡
⳵˾һǸеǳƣ֣ų⳵磬вô룬ȴֿ˻ԸⶵͶǵģֻҪǮⲻһ
⳵˾һţӾǴ˳ȥҶƽڳҹɫϵķ⣬еҹĴƻԻ͵ģľߴеľɫǸȻСһЩһ治ôǮŶٵĵ̣ˣǸԵóеɫڸевһɢһֱϢ
ֻͣڱĽ׶ΣôвܻԻ̫ãǱҪ˥ܵģֻбе̲ܱܾã̱һطɫĻ˲ţ񣬸֣ȵڵĶҪһʱĻۣûֽʶĻôЩڵĶԶ֡
Ҷƽһʱû˵ֻǿؽ˼·ڣҶƽͻȻʵ˾ʦֵҹܻϴԡİҵôﰡ
˾ʦһЦϰ壬ǲǵһطĵطܶ࣬ȥĶ氡ҸƼһطȥǸط׼ʲôУ񣡡
ҶƽһʵʲôǶ񣿡
⳵˾ʦ˵Ƕ񰡣㶮ģطǾ̫ϧˣ
˾ʦʤǰЩżڸ۶ľã֪طʲôǶ˾ʦ㲻Ҫ˵ǲȥֵط
Ҷƽһ֪ôˣ˾ʦʤһۣ˵ôǳȥֵط棬ȥﰡԶ˶ģ˵ǲǰ
Ҷƽ֮ǰû˵طʲôԶƽʱûȥעЩɣһȻǸе֣ûʲôԶӦҵйء
ʦǵطͶʿģȥֵطֻ뿼һ¿һʲôĿͶ˵һ£ǱʲôĿǰ;Ҷƽһ룬˾ʦ
˾ʦͣһ˵Ǵϰ尡ĸﻹҵС⳵
ҶƽǴģûд˵⳵ǿ˽һ𣿡
⳵˾һЦлϰƵңҾһ˾ĶʲôĿĿģҪͶʵĻӦߵٵϵɣȻ粽а߸ӵĺܣа׵кڵģĿ׵Ļ˸˰
˾ʦ˵Ҷƽüͷһ˵ͶʣѵҪô£߲кöҵ𣿡
˾ʦҵǴӹİ
ҶƽǴڵġ
˾ʦǲ㲻Ǵӹģôչ㰡ھòöʵĳҲ˰㻹ʲô
ϰն֪ʳѾˣҶƽһ˵ӵˣҿĴƵʲôĲǺܺ𣬺ٰܷ
ǺǣǸԶг˵ˣչֲҵ˶ãһںˣȻô𣿸صĿ˶ŵطѣð⳵˾Ц˵
Ҷƽüͷһ˵гᳫЩ
˭˵гųǻгЩʲôطֻҪǮʲôУҪǸȤҴȥһطļ۸ˣֺãҾȥġ⳵˾ֽ
ǲȥǸطʤһҶƽָ߳⳵˾
⳵˾һ˵˼õģʲôǺĺܵģǿɲҪң


1400 ħָľ
˳⳵˾ĻʤҪ˵Ҷƽȴ˵˼Ҳȥɣͣɣ³
ҶƽҪ³⳵˾Ǻʧص治ȥǿ̫ϧˣȥʶһҲðһˡ
⳵˾ȻҶƽһʱֻпЦʤ˾ˣҶƽһ˳ʤʱһθУǾǸʡһҪʡղų⳵˾ǷҶƽĶ䣬һ³˵Ҷʡǲòͳģ㿴Ǹ˾ֱǺ˵˵
Ҷƽ΢ЦֻҪʵ飬ǶҪط˽ⲻ˽⣿
ҶƽʤطҲûΣʡ֪طֳǳ࣬ȫϷΪɫҵĳˣ
Ҷƽʵɫҵʲô˼
ʤǻɫҵ˼ɫǳΪɫղų⳵˾˵˼ôžָħָľֻȫѧϰϰĵǳ֮ǰ˽
ħָľҶƽ֮󣬳һ£ĵǲէһ˸еëȻϸϸƷζƷ⾳ֵһһˣ
Ǿȥ￴ҶƽͻȻ˵
ʤһ˵ʡҪȥֵط
Ҷƽ΢ЦС㺦ˣֻǹȥһȥ
ʤͷ˵ʡҲ£
ҶƽЦӰ쵽ҵǰɣֻ֪֪Ҫ֪òã
ʤһоҶƽһʲôƵģæӦҲ˵ģһؿƿġ
ҶƽǺһЦʵԼ˵ʤҲԼ飬ʡعĻҪ󣬱СĹԱΡ
ʤֽһ⳵ʤǰ棬еǳĽţʡһȥֵطȸеҶƽޱΣһֺ쵼һȥµĸо˵쵼һûʲôܺ쵼һ£쵼ױȵģֻܽ쵼ĺȦ
ʤȻʡĺȦΪ񣬹ƴӶȥ֮ͻ᲻Ҷƽ߹ģΪļ𲻹ҶƽһתôһȦ˵ˡ
˳⳵֮ʤ˵ȥħָľֻ˾һЦȥ˺öడҶ˺üȥĿˣ˼ð
ʤ˾ֺ˵ﲻҶƽһ˵ȥ
⳵˾˵Ǯȥȥ˶Ǯˣһѿأ⳵ȥǲ˰˲ҿŹȥѡ
ʤоһ˵͸˼æϵǲˡ
⳵˾ôȥǺƼŶˣǲģû
˾Ļ࣬ʤæ㿪ĳʲô
⳵˾ЦЦо͸ʤ˼ǵģ±֪Ҷƽûֹ⳵˾˵˼Ŵж˽һЩء
ôֻһ˿ɣҶƽôһ䡣
⳵˾һ˵ǵȻˣȻֻǣΨһǹģҹģôûе㱳ôУ˵쵼ݿģ۾Ͳˣ
ĻҶƽʵ氲ȫ𣿡
ôȫⲻǿЦ𣿲ȫĻôֳ͹ŲˣǷģҲ˵ħָľطĻҲһǰȫģأ˵Ҳǲܣ˵ղٵ˰⳵˾Ҷƽܵ
Ҷƽ֮һʱûֳڱĵطҲûоڶطҲ̫ˣһʳĵշ糱һνĽɫҵ٣ѵҪһУķչȺķչ򣬶ҪתתˣȻܾܿͻΪյĻƻҪ㡣
һ·ϣų⳵˾߶ܿħָľֻҶƽʤ˳ԶԶرǿһƬƻԻ͵ģȻһͣԱߵͣȻŮŮشӻĴ߽ȥ߳кԼߵģ໥ŵģŮ໥§ŵģЩŮһȥǳƯȻͣſڵĺ
һֵľҶƽʤվû߹ȥʤȻǲ߹ȥҶƽҪʲô
ҶƽЩȻʮ֣ǰǺǮѵĵطһֽ԰
ţһתͷǿһؤ߹ʤҪǮʤæҪؤߣҶƽֹóһǮˡ
ʤͳϵʮǮؤߡؤˣҶƽٿһħָľ֣ԽԽ˸еħã˼ð
С߰ɣҶƽȻܽȥ澡ǲɹ֮أȥˣñ֪Ϳˣǿ϶ҪһţԹ⾰ǾԲܽȥ
ҶƽҪߣʤæʵǻؾƵ𣿡
ҶƽؾƵɣöǿˣȥɡ
Ҷƽʤ˱һص齵ľƵ꣬˾Ƶ֮󣬸߽ʹղңûҵżڹٿҶƽѾˡ
ҶʡǮԪʤ绰ȥȥǸʯĿղŷ㲻ڣż˺һᣬҪ绰㡣߽ʵ
ǮԪʤҪȥʯĿҶƽһʯĿûбĶɿôĶУѵûһǳĵط
߽ʵʯĿǶ㹤ˣҲЩʵҵֻʵҵҲûʲôɿģһЩڼӹҵ
Ҷƽ̾һټĶȻһʵĴҵֻͶʷչԼ⹦ûڹôУǺðɣǮԪʤҿʯĿˣԷˡ
Ҷƽߣƺˣ߽ʲٶ˵ʲôˣæӦֻҪҶƽͬȥʯĿͿˣϾһḶ́ҶƽˣȥӲ첻ãǮԪʤͻ¥Ҳǲ˵ġ
Ÿ߽֮ҶƽϢԭΪһ÷УҪһҴڹҵ߾ƷĹ˾һĴѧĳвĺóУֻΪϵıźܶҵפٽһʱķ٣ûбַٵİ취ȥġ
һ룬Ҷƽе۶ȻǾôʡǾ÷չѹԲʡСѹ󣬱Ͼ÷չһ̶Ͼͻƿڶ߿ƿˡ


1401 صʡ
˵ڶ죬Ҷƽ֮󣬳һ㷹ȻȥӲǸ͵ʯĿǮԪʤͻ¥ȫͬţҶƽĿ
˿֪ҶƽϺʤܳƵȥ˽ⶫһЩˣҶƽӲʯĿǶǹһ֧֣ϾʯĿǶеĿĸʡ쵼ȥһģһǿǵϣһ浱ȻҲǿڸϡ
ĿȷʵܴͶҲǺܶ࣬Ҷƽ֮ҲǸеܺãϾǴĿ˭˶е𺳵ģôĿ붫Ŀǰչ̫ЭˣʯҵϾе֧ҵصҵЩĳֵҵǶǰľ֧ҵĳֵҵöȫʧȥһеƷζг֮Щ˿һлô룿ԶΪ𣿻ǻḯʴǵ飿
Ҷƽһ뵽ʱ򣬾Ǹеһεθбȥǽ飬Ȼе˯š
Ȼոγɵľ棬һ͵ģ϶һԵĺԣȻһðͷʱͻᱻѹȥǮԪʤͻ¥λίҪ쵼϶ͬģ⣬ѶȺܴ󣬷Ǿ̣֮ǹȥ
ˣֻһ£ʱҪ¶Լ뷨ǵȵʱ֮顣
˿ʯĿҶƽͷʾĿͶʵĺãԶľһٽҪҪǮԪʤͻ¥Ҫע⽨УӪУóгΪһе̵ĳУöֻǳΪһ÷ĳУΪ÷ԶֻʷչϣĺóоǽָʵģһĻ黳Уⷽ涫ҪŬ
ҶƽĻǮԪʤͻ¥ֻΨΨӦţǿҶƽ˴ʵ̵ģҲҶƽԼ˵⣬ʶʱҶƽ˵ʱǻûȫʶ㺬壬Ȼƺ⵽ˣǾǣҶƽҪͨʶʩѹӶҶƽ۶ѸվȽŸ˶ʾ
ǮԪʤͻ¥ͻȻʶ⣬뵽ʱǲòҶƽĸ֮ϿȥҶƽֻǹ⣬ҪΣʶʵȴԵģǺ÷һԽʶ⡣
ǮԪʤͻ¥˲ҶƽʾӵĹҶƽʡĺܣȴСһ㡣
߽ҲеҶƽĲ֮һһ׽͸ʡ鳤ЩҶƽĽģˣ鳤ЩҶƽ߰أȻҶƽ˾ǴȴǸеҶƽϼϵĲʱ޷ܺõԼΡ
ҶƽڶɫܸоҶƽĲ֮ȻҶƽʤӲ칤ʤһûмСʸܽӽҶƽΪҶƽ飬ȻҶƽȴǴߣƺҶƽʲôʸʸģֻҪоͿˡ
еȽΣգҶƽΪʡȻ˾һҪʡ칫İţΪȨޣҶƽʹ飬ȻԼѡȨҪȻҶƽѡǷϹصģҶƽȻûעĴڡ
ҶƽһⶫǻصʡҶƽʯĿ֮󣬺ǮԪʤԼ¥֣뿪ˣǮ˿۾ƺźܶຬ帴ӵĻҶƽһӲ죬ǸеЩã˵ôãֲһָоȻָоȴһʵĴڡ
Ҷƽһֱ͵·ڣ˲תȥƽʱ˵ĹϵҲһ㣬Ǵʱȴͬһ˵Ż
ϻҶʡҿðоûУڳǮԪʤŤͷԻ¥˵
¥üͷһ˵ǽʶﶼ⣬ܸ˵𣿸ҲǽţƺǶеĹһǴˡ
ǮԪʤֱӵ˳˵еⲢ⣬źܶ˼û𣿡
⻰˵Щƣ¥ЩŤʵҶʡʲô⣿ǮҪǾ쵽ʲôһҪ˵
¥ûԼ˵˼ǮԪʤʡĴ϶⣬ոﵱʡͷȻǶһЩУǶǱȽϹİɣֻȥǸҹƵȥˣȷʵˣһʼû̫£ЩˣѸٸˣǱȽɣȻǷǳУƷأѹˣҿнΪеˡ
¥ЩͺԴʵҲָоˣ˵ǮԪʤ˵Ĵ֮ǮԪʤ˵꣬˵иʡڣ⣬ǺΣǵķչ˼·
ǮԪʤһ۾һһ˵ô˵Ǹʡʡǲ⣬ǻǱȽϱġ
¥ɣһͶǲ⣿ҲЩ̫ˣǶڷչĺúõģǵⲻô׵ġ
¥ʮӣǮԪʤҲǳ˼һ£ǸеЩİԺСһЩΪãȻ˱ھǲˡ
໥飬һȥʡҸ㱨һ飬ǴӶߵģ˶Ψհģֻǻ¥ĹϵһЩǮԪʤʱεгٻһЩСìܣӰ쵽֮Ĺϵ
Ҷƽصʡһֻǵ˶ȥһҪΪҵյ⣬ȥ֮ȴǷһЩ⣬ʵһ̶ϷӳȫʡΪ÷ȻȥչĲϸϸȥ۲죬ͻᷢһЩӵ⡣
ΪʡУֽ϶Ҫбģڻȥ·ϣҶƽǷԸ߽ʣĸҪȹĿһ£Ŀ֮ٷ
Ҷƽԭʱ򲢲ȥ飬һЩ쵼ıźͰ칫Ҳڰѹأ˺ȥѹصʱ򣬵һȴרҪҪѺøأΪոߣһҪϸһЩرȥ˶öţ͹ǣҪԼʵ˼
ҶƽĻ߽ȻҪհ죬ĸеļдģ߲˽Ҷƽ뷨дȻһƬ֮ʲôҶʡ߶ȳ˶оý跢չĳɾͣٽٴԻͣȫǺûһߵıھ


1402 һƪ
߽ʰѸ˿֮ҶƽüͷӾԶбĻҵշ糱ֻ赭дᵽҶʡҪƽ⣬άöо÷չþ档
ıھҶƽȻˣΪݸȫûץסڶʱص㣬һƪﶫеģƺǶרļߣȻǼԼдģǱҪдģƪҪ̫Զˡ
ȥһ˶ص㽲⣬һҪʵοĴչ󿪷ŴĸսԣʡίҪʵãȥ֮Ҫ˵⣬˵⣬ҪöеĸɲܰҪȥͬʱҲοɱֺ֧޳չԵģοɿȻǱȽϸˣ˵ĹϵŻһܣһܹؼ⣬ȻоȻûᵽ飬˵һصı¹ʣ
һ뵽ˣҶƽͷȻԸ߽ʷǳΪ鳤ȻĸӽѵԼ֮ǰ˿ûȿһҪôʧְҪôǹ⣬߱ؾһ
Ҷƽı鶯˶Ժֳ߽ʼʱǳľȻı飬֪Ǹ߽ʵıɫǶԼĵӭλ鳤֮䲻ûʲôĬһ˴ᣬȥɲУ鳤һҪʡ˳۲УȻʡСС鳤ܱ˼ȥ죬ʱһã˻鳤񣬾ĹȻ󱨵߽ϲãҪܵɱ
οڸոʲôЩʡĹϵҲ׽¶Ҫ鳤ϢһҪ鳤Ĺ߽̬ȵĻԸΥ
Ҷƽһ飬ͬʱԸһûᵽŭΪսԣοɺ̬ģᵽʶȴԼĶǿʶһҪ飬۶Ϊϴ󣬷չô꣬ȷкֵܶýĶ˶ʲԷ⣬ǾǴشˣҪʡиڱҪʶôҿԼڣܽһչٽ۶Ĳҵת
ƪ˿ûֳһ㣬еļûԼ˼˹Ҫʡһ㣿Ȼеܲġ
˰ĸҶƽŽ壬ʤѸ߽ʽйҪú˵һ顣
ʤڸҶƽߣ߽ʼҪԪйҶƽ棬綨ҶƽɫҶƽȴٵȵȣҪżеѵҶƽԸҪԪΪ飬Ҫʤˣ
ʤҲǸеϻ̳Ͽ֣ΪҶƽûеõ߽ʵϿɵģ칫ûȷҶƽ飬ͬ¼ҶƽߣȻǸеǳļʣҪ֪ԭǸʡɨǶԸȥɨǴֻñʸӵģ̫ݡ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ʡһǿҪһˣʤϾ̫ͣΪʡ϶ǲеģҪ֪ʡźܶĻܣֻһ˲ܽӴЩܣʤøϵĸɲſ԰ɡ
ʤڲһοԱ븱Զأôܵʡ飿칫Щýͷڱû£еȴǰһЩ˳˵ʤʡ磬磬ʡһʤ顣
һɵۣѵʡҪͻƳ棬һСӵ飿Ҳ̫ʡ˰ɣͬʱҲ̫ʤС˰ɣ
ҶƽȻǵۣҶƽ֮Գٳٲ飬ʤһ£ʵڵ㣬һ߽ʲôӦ߽ʻƼ˭飬Ԫ߽ѾƼˣڷԭ飬֪ʲôһ߽ʹϵУ߽вһǻ£µľԼ׽ȫڸ߽ʺˡ
Ҷƽʱһ˼Űѷеʡ鳤ȻһλЩܣϾ߽һʱ޷ţȻѷȵʡ鳤ǿԵġ
ʤȥҸ߽ʣ߽ڰ칫һִֿ۾ļһ̧ͷʤɫʤһһ£˵鳤Ҷʡ
ʤͻȻ֮ܵҶƽĳ谮߽ЩʤȥҶƽɨҶƽ˽ܣʱоƵģ˭뵽ҶƽһɨͨԱá
Ҷʡ˵ʲô𣿡ָ߽۾ɤʵ
û˵ʲô£鳤ȥʤܹػشһҸӡ
˿ʤ߽û˵ͣеıʣȻվҪȥʤһĵ뿪ˣزͣ
߽Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽһȻ˵鳤Ÿ˭дģ֮ǰûйĿ
Ҷƽı飬߽̲²⵽ҶƽܶԸ⣬ʹʱҲֻ˵ûпˡ
ûüǱ͹ҾֱӽҶʡˣƪʲô𣿡߽װ֪˵ʵȻǿˣûпϸдƪӵûͷԣʵһ۾ǿˣûָҶƽҪҶƽȿˡ
Ҷƽһۣжû˵ѣҪӸ߽ϹŵϿû˵Ѷ̫ˣϾô꣬˿û˵Ǿ̫ʧˡ
ƪӼֱûʲôһξûУ칫һûרŰѹصԱҲҪһֱۣӷ˳ȥ֪ʲô𣿡Ҷƽ࣬صضԸ߽˵ֱ˵ĸ߽ʵϷǳѿ
ͷĿǰûרŰѹŸˣҪǱʲô⣬Ǳ߷߽æ͵ҶƽҪʾһ£Ҷƽ˵صĻ
ӽԺʡ쵼ͬ־ı칫һҪѺùأҪҪøҿһĸҪø쵼ͬ־ԼԿһŲ˽ʡܰȫƵȥҪλǰ칫ҪǿһⷽĹҶƽ˾ָʾ߽ЩҲסǻǺ˳ӵؽˡ
ҶƽָܲʾΪʡίţʡȻǹܲ˼ҵģƸʡô˵ܲܰйһٰɣ˰ӻҪڰ칫ϣ칫СС¶ҪܣҲǲ⡣


1403 
Ҷƽ칫Ĺ֮󣬱ǾذѸһ£⣬ø߽ʰ½޸ģ޸֮ٽĿһſɷٶҪ죬Ȼͳɾˡ
߽֮ûнʲôֻǵͷӦţӦǲеģҶƽһӢˣöŪ£ǲܵġ
߽ʻȥ֮޸ģ޸ĺþҶƽо֮ʽⷢбο̿صıҶƽȥ˶죬ϸʡίҪ󣬹Ĵչ󿪷Ŵĸ飬еο
֮ǰڵʱ򣬶һЩŶ΢ʣܺܺõʵͼǷϲ֮ҪһìܣҺ÷ⷢûҶƽ֮Ѹٹ᳹ţźܺõϣ⵱Ȼܸˡ
ʡίǾߣʡִߣҶƽֻҪܹܺõִţ໥ϣȫʡĹһãȻҶƽոʡĹҪĥϣһ͵ġ
ҶƽĴŻֻһ棬οɿҶƽڶʶǰһеҶƽǳĴΪҶƽһ֪۶طƺҶƽɲƲ𣬱ϱϹϾȴģ൱ͳϰʷˣȻˣҶƽȻҲǻ
ȻҶƽһʶһеҶƽȱظɲӴΪһʶͿñصĸɲеѹ˭ûе⣬ûë㽲ʶȰԼ⽲ֻҪ⣬㻹ٽϼ
һܺõķҶƽһᵽ⣬ȻҲģΪҲһ˼·ҶƽλòһҶƽǶִ֣ߣһ֣ȫģΪȫˣҪƽ⣬ҶƽѹͬʱҲҪʵعһ£Ҷƽ̫
ҶƽӶջû죬ʡ˴ίٿ飬οɺҶƽϯ飬ҶƽΪ۶ʡʡʡҶƽΪʡķ
ҶƽܷģһͬĻмҶƽǽġʽʡ֮Ҷƽٿʡ飬оȫʡ󿪷Ŵչĸ飬ӦοҪٿԱҪʡڲͳһ˼룬𣬸ĸصţΪʡȻҪٿоԲߡ
ҶƽҪʡʡԼĲҲǳԡοչսԣǱϱʾͬʵȴǸеοЩʵ۶ķչĿںţʵɣʲôģؼʱǲʹڸ۶׬ǮӲϰյĻǽʲôںʲô˼
ˣڽʱֻǲڽչ󿪷ţǸ۶ĴͳǶڴĸȴǲôᣬΪ۶ʱ޿̲ڸĸĸ֪ʲô˼ж󣬴ʲô̶ȣ˵壬粻ᣬĬĬģʲô
Ϊʡڻĸȶ֮ĹϵܹŴĸͲעȶˣҪעġ
ҵĳȻһٽѧߵĺ£Ƕս۷׷ףɻӰ쵽ʡίţϾսοģҪܺõȥִҲ޳
˿ңҶƽڻϱʾڶӲʱһʶʲôʶأʶǰǰ鿴һĨڣܹ͸󿴱ʣǽչķ򣬶ڵĳɾ͸еմմϲ۶չô꣬ȡĳɾȡˣĳɾȫʡͬŬĽһǳֵÿ϶£ҲҪǵķչҲƿڹҲٵ⣬Ҫ̬ȣᵽ󿪷ŴչĸҪ˵ĴĸҪһĸĸֹǹʲԷͣˣôɾҲԶǶȥһһڹͲ˯Ҫã˭ҪҪλλøЩûͬ־ﲻɹͲģÿһλǹҲûйͲɣǵĹǲϵķչŬУʷϿǵģԼϿԼģÿһŶҪҪдԼŵĹƻĸƻҳ⣬Ū巢չķ򣬰Ǹ۶ĹɵøãǵʷΡ
ҶƽڻϽⷬ˸еǳԾ𺳣ΪҶƽᵽλ⣬ôˣ˭Ҫ˭λһһ־棬ЩΥˣҪʡίʡĽߣʹˣλӲ
ˣҶƽдƻĸƻصҳ⣬ŬķҲ⣬ȻڹͲ˯λˡ
ҶƽʡϵĽ̴οɵĶο󣬸еҶƽȷǷǳûᵽλ⣬ҶƽһӾˣȻҶƽȫʡ¹ҶƽҲǻһõġ
ȻҶƽĻһ꣬ǰнˣ˵Ҷƽ̫ʡίǵͷʡίƵģ䣬ſһ֮ìܸЦο֮һЦ֮ʲô滹ܲҶƽһЩ飬ñ˵ĵڱ֧ҶƽѹãֹܲϵĲӡ
־ʡ鿪֮󣬱ֵطǳҶƽ֮ǰ񲿲ҶƽִȥӲ칤еԼҪҶƽ£ǡ
ܻҶƽ˺øУ־ʮ꣬ǷİҶƽ֮ǰ˭İǿڵı߽֡ҲǷİǱ־Ͳôģ־ϵıȴǺú֮ܶ࣬ͨ⡣
ҳ־£๲ͬԣҶƽȻΪҪô󿪷սԵʵʩߣҶƽҲҪ
ҶƽλҲҪôأҶƽһ룬ǾÿΪʡ鳤ӽԼһЩʡ鳤Լְǵʡ鳤ʡǸһЩˣлο˵һ˵¡
ڳ־ϵȥεеίǣΪȻᣬǴûеطιҪ쵼ְֻһʡֱţ϶ûڵطδԱĶܹ࣬ӵĿռ࣬ˣúñ֮ܵ浣εеίǣһǳ˵ġ
Ȼ鲻һͣҪȡҶƽΣͬʱҪοɴùϵлȥίǵְ


1404 Ա
չ󿪷ŴĸﶯԱʽٿҶƽ֣οҪʡֱŸˡίгԼ侯Ӹˡפʡλʡϸɲȫμ˻顣
Ĺǳ֮ߣοȷʵΪһٿԱ֮ǰרҶƽ飬չսԵĿҶƽô˻ᣬοҪһˣһǵҹʡоΣһǵʡ鳤
ҪģΪ䲻СˣϾҶƽͬѧڻǸ鲿ĻµʱҪˣһЩ顣ȻҪչֽŻҪطϾطϹΧ㣬ռʲôֽܷŵÿ
ھǣȻ˵ǵλܸߣʵȨС˵٣ùȥ˵Ӧֻе˲ʲôĲǹ٣棬һسͿԳǹ٣ֻһС
ҶƽȻϣԼϾһߣûһЩܵӦֵˣǸе󷽱㣬ҪȻΪʲô˼ͳĶһһأһͳһҲãȫļԭҲǽһһģʱ򽲾ȶԣϾģĻ˻Ӱ쵽һֻ΢
Ȼ쵼ߵ˻ҪһЩԼ˽εˣȻͲڹĿչӰ쵽Լʩ
ҶƽҲˣΤ߲ɲˣŽھǹһȵʱһʱЩԥԥҶƽûдȻΤ߲ڻᵣרְ顣
Τ߲ĻʤͲ䵱ʱˡСûҪһΪ£뵽˷
ίǣֻǸҶƽʡ鳤ΪרŸشšҹоΣΪһٵȥְ
ҶƽôģȻĴҪοɵֻ֧֣ο֧ˣ˳ʵ뷨
ҶƽҪ֮οҲҪҶƽ֧֣ҶƽҪˣܲӦ̱֮ʾͬ⣬ʲôʱ֯ƽ˵һ顣
ҶƽֻҪ߰źãʱԹ鲿Ǳ˵ˣʡǱҪȥЭһ¡
οɵ˵ͷʾ飬Ҷƽĺˡ˽⣬ο֪ҶƽҲһЩԼϤֻʡǱ˳
ȻҲϤˣֻ֪Ļصĸɲ϶ģˣҶƽֽ־ϵһ£Ҫһ£ʡ鳤
ο֮ǵͷͬ⣬ѡӦˡҶƽеοο֧ĹͬЭѸ۶ãܺá
ԱʡίٿʵӦٿģֻ֮ǰڵʱ鲢ŷȥһϣҶƽԺʱٿˡ
οڻҪսģȻҪһĲʱܳԼһСʱκǸ㵳ʡίǣ뵳УιУ˽϶ϲЩ̸ĸɲЩ졣
Ҷƽڻϯ̨ǿ˾ȻȻ¿ϯ̨йأûȤֳֳȻͻ˷֮ģɵشһ˵ǿԣΪɲ򲻿ɣΪôһɲǱʣƽʱ鶼ܲˣ㻹ָܱ
ΪɲҪһͣҲ齻㣬ܲ䷳ҪĶ࣬涼ܴ֪ƽʱĹôˡ
ĹֺܸߣϯĴɲĻ˴ȻǲҶƽ̵ģҶƽĿɨȥֻһԴ˶ͺˣﲻͣش˯
Ҷƽ֪˭ҲʡĸŵĸˣΪλʡֱŸλ
ο̨ϽϾȥעЩС飬ȻҶƽ￴棬ȻǻῴһﲻɵػڵһЩԱ̫ˣһԶûУֱ֯޼ɿԣȥɺͳ
οڽҲֱӲ廰Ǹˣ룬һתͷļǣ֡
û뵽ʡٻһʱûӦȻվﲻһ˲Ҷƽֻ칫ĹԱ֣칫ĹԱһæϯ̨Ҷƽ
Ҷƽĸ˵ü߰Ǹ˯˸Ҫ߱ˣҪ˵ע⣬Ӱ쵽Ľ̡
칫Ա֮æȥȻȥ˵顣һҶƽֵ˼ղŵСĸϯ̨Ҷƽ˵
һ칫ԱķԸȥ£Ϣߵ˯ԱԱߣȻװӰӶ׼һ¡
μӿԱ̨Ҷƽ˽֪ҶƽҪʲôȻ󿴵Ա߶Ҳǲ̫ףΪҶƽ߲⣬öοɵӰء
ˣӰ߶˯Այʱ˲֪ߵ⣬Ǹ˯ԱƺеоʱڼʱͻȻһˣҲãȻ̨֪οｲ
οɵĽȷЩ߳ҶƽŶЩеƣˣǾƣҲҪȥʣᶼס˵㻹ܸʲôɣֱԻؼˡ
οɽζϾ۵ĹףŵطĹ飬ʵϣȻɲס
οɽҶƽĶᷨǾʶкʡֱŶҪֶչսѰʶֻʶսԲʵ֣ܾܿΪһֿںˡ
οҶƽЦУοɵǺѧϰ˵ľģȻҲôؾͽԼ˵
ĶίǮԪʤг¥֮󣬾ﷸֹˣҶƽܶˣοڴҲˣҪĴˣʡίǺʡ˿»ˣ֮ǰҶƽʡϣλ⣬οҲ飬ʡίʡ߶һ£һҪ˵ùˡ
һֱĵؿʼˣҶƽûȥͷûʶֻ˸оĴڣŻȥԺô죬ǲҪҳȻʡίʡ


1405 Э
ԱԺ󣬸еͷͷԱǻصȥʡͷ꣬ͷҲҪȻӿȥһֻʵǲҲаôָʵʡίʡľˣ
ҪԼʵƶԱȻеĵп϶ʲô仯ֻǸʡĲֱӻǵе֣ȻOKˣݲӦҲеġ
ҶƽȲȥΪ⻹һ£һǺο˵˻ɵ飬ܸоڸɶɳڣȥɲУûִôĺأ˵Щü߰㵽ǸƵοɿ
οҶƽĻ֮ԣȵڻ᳡ϴ˯Ǹеʮջ𣬶һ۾ϳʡЭϷ
ԭǶίǣܽгģûùϵڹؼʱûץסᣬû¥ȣ˽˵¥Ϊгǻ˲ٵǮⷽȫȲûа취ֻ뿪˶ʡΪչҲһǵЭʺĵطΡ
ˮţȻеʧ䣬Ҫ֪ԭڶʱǶôⰡǴУ÷չϰڶ࣬ȻгΪί˭ţҵʱгöϰ嶼ǰӴˣһӵ֮ȻԸΥԽʧԽپгĹܣǰ˳̨ȥʡЭȥˡ
ٻ·ƣ֮ǰЩǮϰΪϱĲˣȻһ˵ûгһʡЭˮȥϰ࣬ɢܵԶԶģȥԷȾƸˡ
߲˸еʧ䣬Ȼ⣬һʱ֮ʡЭ˦ƹڲϰ࣬ȥץԼˣϵˡ
ʵ䲻ʮŬŬɽҲпܵģʡЭȻˮţ˴ЭϵĵطٻһΪֻʡЭûʲôȨѣֻҪ£黹Ǻܶġ
һ˼Ȼɢ£ùҹˣһЭڲְȻҲϰ˳ٵ缫䲻
ʡίٿԱᣬΪʡίĲŸ˲μӻ飬ϳȥ齫һϣһ᳡Ϯһ̲ס˯ˣҶƽˡ
Ҫ˵ܵùģ⵹ùıȴбȻԭ֮ǰɢڻ᳡ϾԲ˯֮ǰ˯û˹ܣȻȴûôˡ
οһƵջ𣬵Ǳȴûбֳʵƽͬ־㿴ô죿
ҶƽȫʡôҪĻᣬȻڻ᳡Ϻ˯̫û֯ˣôڵλö飬飬ҽְͨȫʡ
ҶƽĴأΪһ˯ְǲ̫Խˣοͷ룬Ȼջ𣬵ñصĸɲ̣һĶҶƽķƺһȻҪܾҪܵλܳЧҵӣ粻ܡ
ְǲЩأɲԣο̧ͷҶƽһʵ
ҶƽҪĳϣ˶˯ţɴ˿ɼƽʱʲôӣʡЭƽʱæĵλôӦڼʲôർµģ˴һֵλǾʬλزͣãȻΪʲôҪλϣҪʵִչĸûһĴʩ϶ǲеģҪôҿʹ鿪ʼøɲ£ְᣬûļͲˡ
Ҷƽһοඥ˵ƽ벻ܴҵĳЩˣǾģʱһ¡
ҶƽͷǣĳҪȫ棬ֻǰ濪ˣǴֻգף
ҶƽοɣϾοʡίǣԼܳԽְȨֻΪοɣ¾ϵĲοɡ
οһʱ˵ˣԼҲ̫ηηţʲôҪʲô÷Ҳǲڱعٳˣ˵ͬ顣
֮󣬹˼죬ʡίٿί飬о⣬ص֮⣬⣬ҶƽοɽļȫУһǷʡ鳤ǵҹоΣԭоεʡίθ鳤ǳ־ϼʡ鳤
⼸飬οɶǵͷ˵ģʡί֯ƽҪһ֯ʽύί顣
ʱҶƽ۶ʱŲһ¶һ㣬ֻȥпһӴĻȽ٣ʡһЩʡίίӴҲǱȽ١
ֻиƺҶƽʶΪǮԪʤͻ¥˽ҹҶƽ㱨һ飬˵ҶƽӲʯĿϻԥһʱ֪Ҷƽʲô˼ܲһͶԼʲôɣ
Ի󣬽ƽʱ򽻵ʱ۲ҶƽеҶƽǲͬ˼ʽǰ£Ǹɾϡ࣬壬һǳ쵼ˡ
һͷǸеЩѹʡֿ죬긻ǿ仹ᣬôЩͿ԰ˣʡȨȻҪ١
ʡ˼Ǹʡճģʡ׽֣ʡ£ö鶼Ҫ䵽УϾʡܶ࣬кöûڵ飬Ҫ㱨ߣҪʱҶƽģٳʱҶƽ
Ҷƽֿ죬öֱӲ֣ȻȨˮˡȻҶƽв϶ҪԭҶƽĵס·ʡԭӦģȴҶƽˣٻһֲ֮⣬ֻɫ˾ĺ
ҶƽҲ֪Լ׽ȻΪһЩԭ򣬲ûȥɫȥ£¿ɫȥ£ôʲôҲøˣٳϵһЩȻҲҪأǾԲڹٳأظʡǾԲ˵һҪأκεΪ
ԣҶƽҪ֯ԼƶʡضΧ裬Թۣ۲
⼸ѡһϳᣬҾҶƽ⣬ΪⶼǣʡǱߵ±䶯һͷͦģǰңǴ鲿ģҪߵоΣûҶƽ룬ǸģҶƽ뵽鲿ĸɲߵְҲ˵Ҷƽ֮ˡ


1406 ְ
ƽѡһ۲һ´ҵı飬Ǹеǳľ棬Ϊѡ̫˵ˣҪ֪ҿ鲿ĸɲȴίǣҲǼ𲻵͵ĸɲԸⵣĻʽҲں
Ǹе£־ϾȻҪʡ鳤ǵӡУ־ϲͻʡͷҲʲôҪְλͻȻʡ鳤ҲǸе⡣
ƽѡ֮󣬸οɵҪһ˵˵ҵ˵ԼɲҪ֮󣬱Ǵҷһ
οƽ֮ȶһӣǴ˴ԱĵǳʡؽҪģǷʡѡǼǿʡҪ顣
οȷ֮ȻͲʲô飬ʵҲû飬Ϊ⼸ѡҪʡѡֻҶƽзȨֻǿֶѡ
ʵǿҶƽϳί֮ǰѾ˹ͨͷȻڲɣҲñʾԣ޳ɵģ˳ί֮ҪǷڣǿ϶ǲеġ
οɽ껰֮˾ͱʾû飬ҲǱʾͬ⣬ΪʡҲȷʵҪһЩѡٽʡĿչ
⼸˵ѡ֮ͨοɿҶƽһۣҶƽ˰ѼǸƵùȻ󲥷Ÿҿ
ڴҿ֮Ҷƽ˵ڴչԱϵƵ˴ӦʶʡЭηȻڶԱ˯ҾһʲôΪҿһְΪʱϰʱ䣬Ҳһֹڹڼ˯Ϊزأû뵽Ǹ۶ĸɲ״̬ȻֻǸ󣬵Ǹһ֣Ҳһ¾γˣȻҲǾһḶ́Ҫʵִչ󿪷Ŵĸûһ֧ץʵɣ״̬ĸɲǾԲеģȻҪĸʹڿʼĸҪڿʼٸɲ磬๤ɣΪ쵼ɲȻڻ᳡˯ɼƽʱĹ״̬ʲôӣڲҪ쵼ɲһúõسͽһ£͵ְЧȡ
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ĳίǶʱеҶƽοɻҪΪҶƽϾʡʡίǣô罨˵
Ϊʲôʡίǻʡί˵ʡί۳ɷͷŶƺҶƽ˵޹ƵģΪʡίǣְټ磬ȻʱȴûҶƽˡ
οɴʱҶƽҶƽԽԼְȨΪҶƽʡҲʡίǣʡίǽ罨裬ǳԽְȨοҶƽ⣬һҶƽİ˵һЩصĻûʲô˼ɣҶƽʡ˵ػҵӣ۳ɷ϶ûҶƽЧΪʡίǣҪƽһЩ飬ҶƽｲܽǿҶƽ໥Ϻá
Ҷƽһ꣬Ҹе֮ʱοɱǿ˵ղƽͬ־ĺܺãȻڶԱ˯ȷʵӣⷴӳǻ罨Ų⣬ѵܲˣǹʡίľɳɷͬ־ȥһ£ȥְȻ֯飬Щǲ񻰣ɿ壬ôܴӮʤ̣ղƽͬ־Ҫǿ罨裬ΪܼʱбҪȾʡίʡؿչжһǵʡίʡûʬλزͣ˸£ԳԺȺȣĮȺ棬ҿͿԶΪ罨꣬ȫڵ⣬ȻģֻǲӦչ󿪷źʹĸҪ󣬲뱣ָ߶һ¡
ο˳ҶƽĻ˵ȥҲ˺ϸҪ󣬴һͻȻһҪĸоڴ֮ǰο֮󣬻ûָоΪǸʱʡǷοȻʡίǣûиʲôҶƽ֮ȴǿʼˣһźţ
οǣƽʡΪȷʵǲ㣬ҪֱӽְˣǲһЩǶԷĸɲǼβˣǰѺԭӦһǡʡίοοɺҶƽ˶֮Լԭʶֻζгʱ۶Աϣһ·
οʡʸΪȽϴˣѾû˽ȡ˼ҲʸʡһְģΪû˽ȡ˼ԲŻͬ鷽ԸΪ˵ҲȫΪԭʶԵʡ
ο˻һοɺҶƽ˶οʡίǣҲλȨأһ˵Ȼ˸еΪѣȫοοϲÿ޷ˣȻҪͨηٽɲ罨顣
θǣǶԴĸɲȷʵҪǰѺβˣҲҪۺϿǣ˵ΪǸɲĨ˺ڣɲһĸɲһɲǻԭ£һɲȻڻ᳡˯Ϊʵ޷ģǲ鴦ν˰봦ᣬԵģǿˣǽٿ飬ǴأȥְҪĹȫˣҲһβˣҪְ񣬽ɲ
Ҷƽ룬˼ɣǻǷοרųƺθǣԼݣʡίǺʡˣһΪʲôҪһӣΪ˵飿
οһҶƽĻϲЩȻԼ˵ĻֱҶƽˣһûӵ飬ҶƽĻ֮ȴǲٷȥĻͳɳˣȻҶƽôԺҲҶƽˣⶼ໥ģһʱ
οɿβ˵ĻᣬҾÿţⷽʡЭεְ񣬵ǱʡЭǵְʡЭĹԹۺЧɷ̸̸һ̬ȣʶԼĴ󣬻ԻְָʶԼĴǾûβˣɲԣ
οΪʡίǣнƽ⣬οһЩ棬ϾοɴӦ÷ʡЭĹҲ˵ȻʡЭһֻ֣ûʡЭεְѣȻʡЭǣǺܴһˡ
οһҲǲˣȻְȫҪȥοɵչӡ


1407 ߽ʵ뷨
ҶƽοɵĻ֮û˵ʲô벻ο֧֣ȻҲȫӣȻ÷ʡЭе
ڻ᳡Ͼ״̬˲ѣڹҲʲôɫı֣ȻȻʡЭĹʡЭĹزʲôɫõİ취ֱ÷ˣٴʡЭˡ
ȻοΪʡίҪһƽ⣬õʡίڲʲôõ϶ȻҲֻ÷Ӵ֣ʲô飬Ͱοɵ졣
ίͨȥְͬʱʡЭĹȲ֪Լڻ᳡˯飬ͻȻ֪Լڻ᳡˳󣬶ʡίǳӣȥְʱеֻڿҧһ̫˸еѿˣû뵽Լڻ᳡һȻˣʡί˹Ϊʲôڻ᳡˯
ʡίˣٰ;˵Լһʱ֪ʹˣԼãԺһģٳˡ
۳ɷԸȥ£Ҳǵ㵽Ϊֹ֮󣬱οɽ˲ο˵Ҳû˵ʲôʵĽѵǿˡ
ְһ£ܿô֪ˣڴʱڳίῪ֮Ҳʡϰˣ뷽ֻһ֣˴һǿЦ˵һȥһֵɣ
˵ȻֵⲻһЦҶƽרдʡʳԷ
ϻˣڶɲȰҪᣬܹʡ鳤ȻʮָˣȻеϴˣͳΪһĸɲҲǲģûҶƽİϼⱲҲһɲˣܳҶƽĴΪ٣Ҳһеǳ˵¡
ңҾһƣӭǵĵҶƽ˺һƣЦŶ˵
ЦϹǲˮ࣬һˡ
ҶƽЦүӲġ
ҴЦҾүӭأͬһ£ⲻͬͲͬƽ˵ǲǣ
Ҷƽң⻰˵̫еԣоҵĹҾͷˣͷоһ³зչ⣬۶ȻǾõһʡȫеóû͸㿴ĸпԽеֵ𣿼ʹУȫ˵ҲԶԶû֪ȣ֮ԭǣǵĳûɫûԼǳмֵĶ˿ڶǲеģҾһҪĲǾãҪĻⷽоһ£һô㷨
ҶƽĻ֮󣬰ЦһµҲ𣿡
һ˵ҶƽʱȻʧЦ˵ͱᶫˣǰҲˣһ߾ȥ˶˶֮һ˳ȥתתȴǷ˺ܶ⡣
ҺͷһҶƽԼȥתתһ뿴Ҷƽ붼ʡˣôԼȥתһΣô죿
ƽ㷢ʲôˣȫǿΪķҵҿҶƽ˵
ҶƽҲ֪
ҵô֪ڵϢ̫֮ǰ˵ˣֱͳСˣ
˵Ҷƽˣȴʲô𺦶ĳģȻЩͬ־ȴΪڵؾõķչΪ֧ҵչˣɱԼȥתһˣǿЩ̫ˣȥǲУķȫ㻵ˣ׼ⷽûкõͻƿڡ
ҵ߷һ֮صͬ־˼ûʶ⣬ҲǲΣҾûҪ磬һ۲ǡ
Ҷƽûθ㷨ͷоһ£֮ҪΧĻ裬һȥ㣬صǸóеķչڸзչԲǸǼ¥ã̻԰ӣȻЩҲҪھ÷ĳУѾǱˣһҪóеľ裬Ļ裬еʣһУǸܵеĲ֮ͬľӪУչС
ҶƽһҺͷ˶ǵͷҶƽķǳеһЩ÷ĳУȫҵĴûʲôˣҪǻҪãȱһɫеǧƪһɣȻеĵʧͺñȴˮĹҵƷֻʵüֵȴûļֵȻһصĶȴϢǵ˸ıһʱˡ
Ҷƽһ֪Ҷƽ˼˹ǰҶƽģһϵģһϵģһ⣬һڣҶƽҪΪұˡ
ͰһȻ˵ע⣬߽Ϊ鳤֪ܲͰҶƽ֮йϵҶƽ˵űصĸɲ϶Ҳġ
ҶƽרְֱȻûжʤСȻڵʱҶƽҲȥߣԪѾʧҵһˣȥԪתˡ
߽ͷٻЩһ棬ûжٰ취ֻһɫй۲ҶƽĶʡ鳤֮󣬱ΪҶƽĴʹõģ÷ˣʡĴܼңľͳʡĴܼˣֻʡճ񣬵ǣҶƽ鶼ɷҲǵʲãЩ֪һҶƽ
߽ʸеһΣһֱԵΣҶƽ񡣶ҵооҶƽ˼룬ҶƽҲֻҽһЩ뷨Ȼͨʽʽ޷Ҷƽǰ˼״޷ܺõҶƽ뷨顣
߽Ȼؾͻ߶ԭʱ֮Ĺϵһ㣬ΪǷõˣΪʡ׳ɣ׳ɣ˵϶ǲһģϵһ㣬˱仯ȥˣҶƽˣҶƽķ뷶͸ֶһҶƽˣԱظɲвţ͵м䲻ôˡ
һӽȻҶƽţαطҪȥҶƽһ𣿶Ҷƽķ̫һϸ»Ҷƽȴֿ죬ϲûֹ硣


1408 ѡ
ԪȷʵǱȽϷƣΪԴ򷶽ȥԺǳһʧҵ״̬ڰ칫£˵һǳ尾飬ΪԭΪʡ飬⣬æúܣе쵼飬ڷһȥһʧȥְλ칫˿󣬶ڻһİš
ԭ߽ʵĹϵĲ˼θ߽ʣ߽ʴӦţȻҶƽ飬֮ͷǱȽϸ˵ģΪܸҶƽĻȻһǳõ飬ֻҪʡ飬˭С
Ǹ߽˵֮ȴǳٳٲҶƽ߶һʤʤûȣھȻҶƽȥеǳߣʤԭʱǱϹϾģûʸʡְλȻȴģظҶƽˣܡ
һʤҶƽ߷Ϊǲˣ϶ʡˣʹŸ߽ʵ֧Ҳûã˼ʡ˲һ
һ뵽͸оģŽô죬߽˵ã취
ڷû֮ǰûнӽҶƽİ취ΪҶƽǴģ߽˵ã˸ˣȻȵ֮ǰһ뷽ϵ˵ͿȡҶƽˣ֮Ի룬ΪΪʤҶƽ飬Ҷƽרְ飬ӦǴɲʤһƼɲ̫ᣬܳڵҶƽġ
뷨Ԫڷ֮󣬱Žӽİ취ԭι飬ȫʡǳ˽⣬Ҷƽͷˣ߿϶ǲһЩ飬ȥŷ᲻ȤҪʡλãҪֳԼļֵУûмֵԶܵ˵õġ
ĥϣ˽ӽķڴĴۺһרŷʡģۺһĴֻ飬ۺһĴȻҲǷʡרְֲһۺһĴĹҪϺ鳤ʡš
ۺһĴԸⵣʡ飬Ϊõʡ̫ˣһҪʡĽĽУûԼ˽˿ռ䣬һܿĲ£ֻǵۺһĴйһЩ
ʡ鳤֮ǷֹۺһĹԪһӽȻڴڰ칫ͷûҲû
۲˼죬ַ󣬻ѰһЩǿֶԱϤĸɲһЩ˿һ㣬뷽֮ûĽ˵ǴʧᣬۺһĴҪ̫ͽֻ᷽ԼĹˣȻʲôģҪ뷽ùϵȻǵƺֻи߽ʣԴҪǷһ
ץסᣬԪİ칫ң뷨ӽˡ
鳤ԪԭǷʡ飡Ԫİ칫ҾȻܵ
ȻԸҵԱʶȫԪ棬ǶҲǲ˽⣬һԼͷһʲôʲôҪԼ
Ԫ˵Ԫһ˵չԴҵͬ־Ҫһ㣬Ԫԭ顣
ͰԪͷее̤ʵˣæ˵鳤ڹͦеģʲô뷽鳤Ըԭʡڵʱǽ̵ңһţһ嶼ëһ⻰Ҷʡ֮󣬶ǵҪϸҾ̫ˣ칫Ҫǿԡ
ԪһЩϢһһ˼⣬ǸеԪ˱Ƚϴ˵ֻǸ鳤ŹϵİӦȥ鳤ǣʱ䲻ʹǷֹĴңҲһʱðĹͻȻİ칫Ȼű뷨
һ뵽ԭǷݣеԼ²ĲˣһӽȻܵã³Ϊʡ顣
뵽ЦЦԪǵʡˣǷǳߵģֻҪŬ϶ͻвסɣȲҪżԺҪʲôͽ㣬ȥ졣
Ԫһʱлл鳤ˣһúŬʲôԸȫȥ졣
Ԫе뷽ĽӴǱȽ˳ģû֪ܵԼжֵҲ֪ôҪŬһ£ȻӴľҪˡ
ԪȥҶƽһԷʱ򣬾˵飬ϾԪǷ飬ͻȻ˵˼Ǳ˰̽ԼģⶼҪǵ飬˵ҶƽҶƽ֪һЩϢҶƽľߡ
һ˵飬Ҷƽ߽֮ǰԪ飬ѾһˣȻûȥ飬ԪҷȻģСӿЩͷԣԼҪҪ
ҶƽһǣǷŵǰѷͰҴص϶˻ᱳ˵˽ܸĺñظɲȻó־ϵʡ鳤ˣã˴ҵĹע㻹ڷϡ
ͬʱһֱȷԼרְ飬ʤʱ飬ҲһЩ˵΢ʣ˵Ϊʤ硣
һǲ˵ۣΪ˭˭Ϊ˸˵棬ǷĹСȦӣıȡ˽ôҲˣûַͲ±ۡ
Ҫǵǣ뱣֤ʡ칫ڲƽ⣬Ϊ˵ۣ¹ϲÿչͰ˵ĵҲҪվȽŸУȻ˰нϾôҲǲÿչġ
Ҷƽһ룬ǸеҪӺͿһԪ飬ԪΪǰʡ飬϶֪ٵ飬ܷûʲôƫһŤתһѷͰ˵ɵӡ
뵽ҶƽżһԪһԵĻԪ
ڶ죬Ҷƽ߽ʺ˵鳤ǸԪʲô
߽һᵽԪ˵СڻۺһҪ
ҶƽƼüˣһֱûʱҿɣʵĻңСȥۺһɣڻǸƼ¸ְɣ


1409 е
Ҷƽ˻߽һЩϲھһµļ尾֮ԪӭˣԪ֮Իӭ죬²ΪԪˣ¸ԭΪҶƽŸĿǣҶƽĸɲʲôԲֻǵһأжҶƽ÷飬ҪһЩϵΪǿΪ³һЩõ顣
߽ͷЦЦԪȥҶƽҶƽһ£ԪˣʲôĿ϶ʲôˣҶƽԪһ顣
ȻҪӦʤְҶƽʤʤҲˣҶƽ˲һ£ӸƱƣҲǿˡ
ԪǾͳҶƽ飬ҶƽȻҲͻǻҪһ˿Ḷ́ϾԪǰʡ飬֮Ҳ䲻֮֮Ԫ̫쵼ɲнпܰԼһЩй¶ȥ
ԪҲ֪ԼεĻ᲻ףܿ췢Ҷƽɲ񷶽磬ˣȻڹҶƽǲͬʲô鶴ۻ¼죬ҪĻӲҶƽ۾̱Сĺܶ࣬ҶƽĲţĻˡ
ˣԪҶƽ÷ǳСĽҰҶƽ֪һЩ鶼ҶƽҶƽ֮󣬸еη滹ǷǳеģԼ鵹Ǻϸ񣬱ûٿǻ뷨
ҶƽʡίĹȫʡйشڵ⣬ʵһδĸĸȨ󿪷ţһ۶ʡĿų̶ȣȫʡľ÷չƵһµĸ߶ȡ
һǳƴĹҲһֻʤܵĹͬʱҲһ͹һȫʡչ顣
Ϊ˱֤ĿѧԣҶƽûϢʱԪһ𣬲֪ʲô񣬸߽Ϊ鳤Ľ࣬ҪǷҶƽߣͬʱҵоҲǼӰӰ࣬Ҷƽṩ߷
ҶƽȻǱ쳵Ϊ˱֤ȨĿѧԣҪ濪չһٿȫʡҵ̸ᣬҵҴЩҪȨЩҪǿܣйعפݵ½л۶һ󿪷ŵ򣬼ǿ۶ϵ󿪷ţûƽ̨ȫʡȺڵĲȡ
ȨԲֻǱ쳵ҶƽһʶҵҵҪ̫ӣйزŸ迨¹ЧʵͣᵼȨѰЩҪһҵ뵽ҵ˽ǵС
ΪҵҴ̸ҶƽרŵصСҵȥһ뵽СҵȥУʵ飬ȴҪһ˼
ҶƽڶȥеһЩ׶˿ģΪһУͬԱϢϵΣ࣬ŲʦڵȥǲֻǴżԱȥ
Ҷƽһ룬ǺͷԪһȥеһѧҵ԰Ǹеһҵ԰һȿ֪ڴʲô⣬ͬʱҲ֪ҵ԰ȡõһЩ顣
ҵ԰λڸһ棬ģҲԶ˿ųһСʱ·̱ǵˣȻᳵӣôǲɧŵطĹԱֻһǣȥ˴ҵ԰֮αݣ
һ⣬ȻŲǰӵȥУǵ棬ԼʡһΧۣһ鷳
Ҷƽһ룬еȽϼ֣Ųطǲطȴ޷ݣô죿
˰죬ҶƽѷԪ˽йʲôõİ취ûиеʲôȵģԪȴǸеЩȣҶƽΪЩ쵼̫ͬˣôܲطȥأ
Ԫһʱ֪ô죬ΪȥݵĻ˼δػ̸Щ飬ݣ䶯˼һð棬Ǽʡ
֪һˣжͲôˣҶƽҲǸеԭʱȥҪʧһСʱضǺܴĹעԣоٵ֮˽ʵʵǳףֻȡ˵࣬С
ͱʾ˵еĵطҪݣݣԵԲ˳˵ĹΪʡȥУʵǱһ̬̬ʾʡĳӣӶٽĳھʡ֮õΪʡ̬ôҸеǱҪģʵȻͻᷴӳҲǵеһĿġ
Ҷƽһе˵ôھȥݣܻ᲻䶯ˡ
룬Ҷƽ飬ͻȻȥôԶĵطУǻôӦôӦһ磬ŻȡЧ
ҶƽôôӦЦϰ壬ȥһ¸ݵҺԪ㣬Ȼһǰȥʾ磬ȥҵ԰ǱߣҲͻӦˡ
Ҷƽһ˵ȥҪʲôأûɰ
ûʲôɣֻôҸһ쵼磬ٴһ˽ҸݵĽͨ״ʲôӣֻȥһµ֪ƽʱǲùͨеġ
ҶƽͻȻéٿ÷˵еֻͻȻ뵽Լˣοɻô
뵽Ҷƽڶһ¼Ĺרȥοɻ㱨һ£˳οɽһһοɵ̬ȡ
ڶ죬ҶƽȥʡίԺοϵˣοڰ칫棬ʡίʡҪ쵼ƽʱٿʡίί֮⣬ĻȽ٣ǳϯһЩ໥ܼ档
˵Ĺвֻͬ漰شʱҪйͨڸԵȨȡһЩ飬ҶƽźܴȨģ鲻οɹͨĻ»οɵᣬҲȥοɹͨġ
ʡίԺҶƽοɵİ칫ңοڰ칫һվӭӣЦ˵ƽʡҹʱˡ
ҶƽеԼοɵĹϵǳǢοɣοҲҲ˵ʱˡ
ǣüûˣЩˣ㣡ҶƽǺЦ
οɴЦȻ߳칫棬ˮ˹ͬҶƽǰһЩȫ㱨һ¡


1410 
Ҷƽοɻ㱨˹֮󣬱ǰԼһصȥ齲һ£οһЦƽͬ־ҪȥĻôҵ뷨ȥһ˲гˣҪϺð
οһ˵ҶƽҲЦ˵ȥˣҪ䶯ˣҲһǣôһأ
οɹЦڲôһͳˣ˵᲻㰡
ҶƽǣҲͬһЩ˵Ĺ۵㣬ô쵼ɲһȥ㣬ӴȺھͳˣ˶װ̫ĴףȥһЩ飬бҪȥ𣿶Ҳȫ壬ȥˣǲҪ͸һҪ㣬һˣǾͳΪһϰˣھ̫ˣ
οɴЦƽͬ־Ǹ۰ֻҪ쵼ɲȥ˽ģǲص˹㣬ǶˣֻǷΪˣҲܹԱΪ»ŪĵӰо籾еݣôһѣϰܲǾҪЩ»оǵУҪȥģȥ˽˾Ͳˣ
ҶƽЦⷬǸ߼ģҾΪ˷㣬ǻҪ쵼ɲһЩ쵼ɲʱȥʵ£˼ҪӭȥҾӦҪ쵼»㲻Ҫ쵼ͬȷʵҪͬʱ֪ͨͬ쵼»ˣصļʻʲôģ쵼ɲһ㲻Ҫϯ쵼ɲЩнųǣô
οɵͷҿǸ罨һ֣ͷҰʡί칫ͬ־оһ£̨һ涨׼һЩȽڣôиʱȥ£ȥ˼ǰʱ˷һЩûϣǵηɸɾӮȺڵӵ
οɵıϣҶƽеοοɵˮƽܸߣдӿһǳ飬ԼĹǺøˡ
ǣȥһ˵ȥгһҶƽο˵
οɵãȥҺȥһС磬ٽȫʡ罨Ŀչ
һҶƽȥԺ󣬱ǿȥˣֻһȥһǷһԪԪҶƽþȥе档ҶƽԸȲ׼֪֪ͨҪﵽһʵЧȺؽӴ
źԺ󣬷֪ͨһʡԺûи֪Ҫʲôֻ֮ȴš
׼֮ҶƽǴŷ˳ʡԺ֮ȥվ
߿ҶƽõʡȻ˹һţҪ㣬ȴϸҪˣҪ㡣
һѣ̻㣬ҶƽͨȺһ߽˸ϲΪʱ䲻˭ҲʡС
ҶƽϹ֮һʱǺܰȻ˵˵ﲻûк˵ֻǹ۲ųĶ
ϵĹǱȽӵϵĳҲǺܶ࣬ͣͣ˾ǿʼԹ˵ٵˣ⳵ôݵ·̫ˣҲ뷨һ㡣
һᵽ飬Ҷƽɵؿʵλͬ־㼱ϰģ
ǸԹ꣬ͷһҶƽԼ˵ֵ˵ǰӿô˹˾϶ǳٵˣ
Ҷƽ΢ЦŵȻ֪ҪٵһҪǰȻ϶ż
ҶһСʱǰˣǲУһϰʱ䣬·̫ˣ޸߼ˣЩȫȥȻϰˣ˾ǱԹ˵ͬʱ࿴ҶƽۣҶƽΪʲô˵Щ飬Լʶ
˵ĻҶƽһ룬ϰնԽͨеⰡرЩҪϰˣܰѽͨõĻǿ϶ᱧԹģڸеӵѾΪһձ󣬻ķչ̫ˣ·ϵĳ̫࣬Ⱦһᵼ½ͨӵ£Ϊ˸ıҪཨ蹫ͨʩ޸߼ţõĽ취Ҫཨͨ⽻ͨѹ
λͬ־ôоأҶƽһ죬ԱһͻȻҶƽ˵˲ɵֿ
ҶƽһŤͷЦôˣ𣿡
ضҶƽ˵㳤̫ʡʡˣֱһģһԵʡˣ
ҶƽЦʡ
ӵҺÿŰʡʡίʲôľڵ¶棬ÿŵĲ֪ҾŵȻǻϳģ㳤õĺʡ̫ˣ⳵Ϊʡأ
ҶƽǺһЦ˵ҾʡŲģ
Ҷƽôһ˵˵ע⣬ΪӸղŽʡʡίʲôģѾһЩ˵עˣҶƽһ˵ԼʡǵȻˡ
ʡôܰںǿЦİɣ۾ϴʵ˵ĻǣƭӰɣ˵Ҷƽ᲻ˣ˲ŻɿЦ֡
ԪһҶƽ߱Լʡˣ̽ΪҪҶƽİȫȻ˵컯֮£Ҳȥ˺ҶƽΪҶƽԱǻҪĵģһ򣬾һһʲôʧ鲻ʹ
ʱһҶƽܾˣ˵ûǸҪȻ΢ȥУͲҪٸʦˣҴһҲûʲô壬Ҫһʲôã˵˭ȥǴҶǴȺٵȺȥһȺȥʵǸȫˡ
ҶƽþӣȻٶ˵Ҷƽһݣе˼ҶƽʡҪ״ʲôģŪҶƽѲҲǲˡ
һҶƽЦ㶼˵Һʡôһģһģʡһ˫ֵ̥ܣ
ϸֱһҶƽͻȻ˵ʡԽԽˣľֹ͵һģһģ
ҶƽЦ۲ϸұǲ˵ģû뵽ϳҾԳ˰ɣҽ뿴һǵĽͨղλ˱Թ·̫£һ缲ˣ
Ҷƽһ˶ʱ䶯ˣĿȫҶƽ˾Ҳ򣬿һʡģг˿˵˾ʦúÿҪҳ򣡡
ôһ˵˶ʱЦҶƽҲ˵˾ʦҪ֤˿͵İȫ
һ߹ȥ˾ʦСҪ֤ʡĳ˳ȫ


1411 ׷
⻰˵úϣ˾ϴһ飬оշ̵Щղǿúֱײз꣬·֮ϣΪǹֱײǹȨ˿Ϊ˸ʱȻҲϣþﵽĿĵء
Ȼһʡڳϣ͸оԼղſ̫ˣȻ˿⣬Ҫǳʲô飬ǵùʡڳϣñ֤˳İȫ
˾ͻȻʶԼĹʥȻݹʡڳϣô൱ڸʡ˵˾ˣʡǿ϶һܹٵ£뵽ֺˡ
쵼ȻҺʡϸӰ𣿡Ը£˾Ǵŵһ䡣
벻ʱҶƽӰ£ض˵ȵ³ʱʡ˵֣Űɡ
һʡп֣˾ˣԵú˷ܣס̣ȻĿֱӣȷгȫ
˷ţĳ˿ҲǺ˷ܣ׷óֻʼҶƽˣӵĳԵøӵˣûٽҶƽˣֻԪҶƽԱߣһʲô鷢ԺñʵⶼǶģҪʲô飬»Ҷƽ
ʡרУͨϰյû뵽Ҫ֪ʡӦøλӣӼæλվŸҶƽλҶƽһλӵģλøһ̣վӺӵԪ˶ûλӡ
ллϸ磬վͦõģȻʡҲͨ˳ûʲôģǵĹͨ軹ҪǿҶƽһͰض˵
ҲһεˣȻŲȥֲ쵼ɲĴӲţţһֻЩ쵼ɲȥͨϰһ˭ȥ˲ڵˣȫһͨϰգͨϰԸȥעЩţ˵ǸȤġ
ʱ߿Ҷƽݹˣǲٹ˼ɵʲôˣֱӹҶƽ㣬һ˹ھͷǰһ¾˵ϵء
ʡƽʱ۵İɣǴһǸʡøλӾǼҶƽ¡
ҶƽȴЦżֵۣҲۣǲùңվžУǾͲҪˣ
Ҷƽվĳ˿ͲȻ𾴣˼ҿʡģʡܼվţǻһվȥҶƽ·ҪҶƽԶҪƵġ
ʡղ˵ֱ̫ˣûɣղǸˣͻȻҶƽղŲʶҶƽ˵Щֱ̬Ҳô˳ʱǺҶƽǸˡ
һۣҶƽЦˣżϰ࣬Ｑ꣬˵ֱһ£㽲飬ҲˣĺܺãҪ˵ΪᴴҵṩһõֻǳɳˣչˣǹҲܳɳչ
˾ȻһҶƽ̸еͷǳůͣ˾˵ʡ봴ҵʡͷ֧𣿡
û뵽⳵ﻹ⣬Ҷƽ̿Ⱥһֵ봴ҵ˵˵뷨
벻Ҷƽֱȥ˶ʱŲЩʹˣ˻Ǹóһ·߹ȥ˸еŲЩȴôãԼʱޱȵ顣
˺òҶƽǰѳ˺գµڸطѾǺˣȻпյȻеЩȡ
˹ҶƽЦʵ봴ҵ𣿡
˴ʱһó˾ϰ࣬ͷŴҵ뷨ǻû׼ȥʵʩأʱҶƽʵ˵ֻ뷨кܶѣʡͷƶר֧ǾͺˣĻǾͲˡ
Ҷƽʵķ鰡ҵ϶һѵ飬ȻǾͲϴҵˣһ־ѶȣԹſٵص¾ͺѣǽ촴ҵҲѣʵдźܶഴҵʧܵӣҵһɹˣǱ˸еޱȵĿ֣Ҫ˵˵˴ҵѶ֮⣬㻹ʲôеµأ
һҶƽʣ룬˵˴ҵѶ֮⣬һµ鷳봴ҵþöĹؿⲻ򽻵Ȼ򽻵ˣΪǲ֪˼µǣмͬѧȥҵΪ¼ֱܶȣǰͶ˺öǮǹƾͻɥˣһǽЩе£ǲ򽻵
˵ԼﻰҶƽ˵ˣܺạ̃ҪӽȺڣͬʱҲҪȺϲӽ㣬һ˭˶°ǣǸɲ⣬ʡڿչ罨ĹתһЩɲ磬Ǹ߸ϣȺڣһ⡣һǣͬѧᵽ࣬Ϊһܶȵ£ʡҲڿǣҪȨṩһɵȥҵͬʱҪҪеһɣҪĴܲȥǵǰҪһ飬֮һΪ˺˴ҵṩһʵȫҵ
Ҷƽ⻰һǸ˶ʱ˵ʡҪúøлͷҺͬѧ˵˵ҪҵһҪץ֧ǵġ
ҶƽҪҵһҪһźģäҲҪ£ֻҪ¾ˣһҪֵףṩֻһҵմҵܲܳɹԼΪдԲ㣬ǵһȱݣһҪע˷
ҶƽΪһҸ棬֮ҲǸеǳҶƽһɹʿɹʿľǷǳҪģҪμǡ
ʡϸӰ𣿡ҶƽĻӴҪ
һۣҶƽЦû⣬ֻİɣʶˡ
˲ûæֻҶƽһϸӰҶƽЦһ£վһȻˡ
ĳ˿һʱҲҶƽӰ׷ƵģҶƽ൱ˣǣЩҪҪĶֻ࣬ƣȦϣֶֻͬѡ
ԪһҶҪҶƽӰЩңҶƽʲôΣգкһϰɣһϰɣҪ̫ˡ


1412 Сؤ
һҲʶһһҶƽӰǲܵģΪ̫ˣֻһϸӰȻϣҶƽҲ湻ģûԣ³ˡ
ȻҶƽĵ복˺Ӱֻй˾ʦＱòᣬҶˣûкģ֮Ҫϴڼͷǿһǳ飬ĳ˿Ҳġ
˺üվڣ߹ĸҶƽվϵˣҪҪ³Ҷƽ֮󣬾Ұڰ֣ʾԼվˣҪ³ˣҰɡ
һҶƽҪ³ˣ˾ʵ̲ס˺ʡҲҪӰ
˻һȫ˶ЦҶƽͷ˿ҲЦ˾ʦѳͣһллˣ
˾ʦһ˵ʡлʲôղϳҲƱģ
˾˻һЦҶƽϳʱҲ֪ʡ˾ʦȻҲҪǮҶƽܲܲǮɣǴȥǲð
Ҷƽ˾ͣ³ȻЦŶո֣ϸӰ
˾һҶƽˣ̼ҪоϵƵģ쵼ͨȺеǾ鰡Ҷƽ֣ȻҰ֣Ҫ³ˣһ³м˿Ҳ³
³ĳ˿;Ҷƽ֣Ҷ飬ҶƽǺипȺڶǺõģͿԼȥԴǣֻҪԼĵضԴǣȺڿ϶֧ԼģҪ߽ȺڣȺڴһƬǴڰ칫ÿȥЩĿˣǾ̾Ǹ߹٣ϲʿЩϲʿȻҲбҪ棬ΪҪչûǵ֧֣ͶʾǸ㲻ãǽӴˣΪ֮˶Ǯûʲôʹ飬ȥԼͻȺˡ
ΪһԱµӦȺڣһȺڣͻΪŵķӣʲô壿ûʲôȺΣյˣȺȻ½ײĹ̻֪Ⱥļ˽ȺڵҪϿ϶ǲȹ̵ģڴ¶ҪᳫȺڽӴ˽ȺȺڽѣֺȺĺȺ֮ȥղȷתٽҵĸˡ
Ҷƽ˳֮󣬿Ź֮뿪һ³ĳ˿ͣ˿һȥ
Ҷƽмʮ׵·̣վǰ棬ʱûע⵽Ϊһͨĳ˿ͣԪ߽ں档
ϰ壬ڹЩңȻ˵ǲҪҺԪάһ򣿡߽Ҷƽ˵
ҶƽҪģҲʲô飬ֻҪǵãʲôΣյ飬ʵԼҲʲô顣
Ҷƽ˵⻰ҲǸеҶƽ̫ˣȫûʡļˣʹΪҶƽûʡǾǴشˣҶƽֻԷһ֣һޱȵϣҶƽôˣ֪ҶƽһԸ
ܿͽ˵վһվǿһؤվ֣һ͸оãҶƽؤˣ֪Ҷƽͷʲôؤ󣬵ƺ˻ر⣬Ҳ˵쵼Ӳ칤ĻԲ쵼ؤĳ֣ƺؤĳ־ͻ쵼ĹâƵġ
ȻҶƽûԼؤؤĳ˵ỹǴźܶůģûԸȥʩᣬôؤͲˣؤԽԽ˵ҵĴ֮ĺܶ࣬Ȼôؤ
ȻؤϾһֺõؤֻһǵͷȥ
Ǯ𣿡ҶƽŤͷʷҪʩһ¡
һϣҲûǮԪԪҲûУҶƽ÷һٿǮȻһٿǮǵݸؤ
ؤϺ࣬ҶƽһʼΪؤһˣǵ߽һȴǷؤȴһδˣֻʮһ꣬еˣһδôᵥ
СؤҶƽݹһŰ󳮣ֳϲ֮ɫǵҶƽҪʱŸǳ۵һӾͣסˣʵжˣ
СؤҪȥӵģһҶƽͣסˣˣʧؿ˿Ҷƽʮһˣϰ壬Ҫ𣿡
ҶƽûаǮ̸ʵ㸸ĸأ
һʵ⣬Сؤǲ˵ˣվĴţҶƽ˫۾ҶƽеΣһСӣûԼĸĸģûԼĸĸǾǹ¶Ȼһ¶û취ģʲôҪľ
Ҷƽһ룬ϸһСؤȲƺëһȳһյģһмȻҪһˣҪ˵δ˸ŸĸһǾûȻδԼĸĸټ
Ҷƽѷй绰ţù˹һһô£Ϊʲôδ顣
СؤشҶƽĻȻתҪߣҶƽҲֻҪһƬģһҪ鵽뵽뵢ԼϵȻͰһٿǮֵݸСؤ
Сؤһ̸˷ǳӹƱҶƽһллϰ壡
תȥû߶ԶҶƽͻȻһ˹СؤһվסȻӱǺ˵˼仰ȻСؤƺԸذеǮ˳ȥ
ǰԪ󳮣Ҳܾ棬ƺһ£СؤתָҶƽƺӱǮҶƽġ
ҶƽһĻѵСؤļˣ뵽ǰȥʵһ¡
ҶƽȥӲ֪ҶƽΪʲôҪ߹ǿҶƽСؤתһҶƽ¶ЦΪҶƽԪ󳮣Ҷƽһشĺˡ
ļ𣿡Ҷƽ߹󣬱һ䡣
Ӳ֪ҶƽΪʲôһ£ǴӦŵǰϰǮѵҪٸһ𣿡
˵Ҷƽ˿ӣһ㲻ӣСؤļˣôԼãԼĺ
ĿСͬ־ĿһļˣǱؿСؤؿͬһӾȻ˵Сؤļˣ϶˵˻ѡ
ʲô£ߣӱСؤҪ뿪ƺҶƽһӳ˵⡣
ǲҪżһҪǮģҿ⺢ӳòרһ£ѧҲǿԵġҶƽ룬˵ٶ˽һЩ


1413 Ŷ
Ҷƽ˵⻰ȴͻȻݺݵ˵Զ㣡
һ˵ҶƽǸоӾԲСؤļˣСؤôܻļˣԼСؤѧӾȻ̫ˡ
Ҷƽæ˵㲻ߣ⺢˵ߣ⺢Ӳߣ
ҶƽСؤ֣ȻǸ˵ȴǲקСؤҪߣСؤЩԸҶƽ÷óһٿǮ˵⻹һٿ飡
СؤһӣҶƽóһٿǮȻǸԸˣʱ򣬷ԪҲ˹߿ʼ΢ʼ
ԪҲһ߹ǸӲҪߣһҶƽ˶࣬ߣСؤǲԸߣӿ˿Ҷƽǣ²ؤǵš
˵֮󣬳ͻȻСؤˣСؤҶƽҪǮҶƽе⣬ȻϸǮҪʲôϵ
Сؤ˵˰죬Ҷƽ˵ʲô磬ĵģСؤ˵ˡ
Ҷƽ϶һ⣬һҪùغúòһ£תǱʲôʱܹ
ϻҪԪţȥɣ
Ҷƽһ£ȹߡ
ЧЩͣҶƽֹʮǲСؤͲͷˣŸǮߡԪš
˲ᣬʡ칫νӵ˷ĵ绰֮󣬵֪ڵǱߣһҪɹ̸˻㱨ʡһʱ֪ҶƽҲֳ뷽ڵֳֻʡ鳤òԼȥҲøʡΰܶӵܶӳ˹ȥɣҲǸˡ
ΰܶӵܶӳӵǴ˹ˣһȴǷҶƽΰܶӵܶӳǸҲˣȻǿʱҶƽһֳҶƽ֮󣬱Ǽæ˹Ҷʡãʡΰܶܶӳơ
ʶԼҶƽֵͬ־и㴦һ£һ£ͽˡ
ҶƽʶƣһҽܣǱʶˣ˱齻һСؤΪʲô֡
ڴӦҶƽʱͻȻԶʮˣͷľȻǸղǸӣҶƽһɫһ䣬϶˵ͬ־ˡ
̧ͷȥֻһȺŹʲôģһ֪Ӧ̾ڵһЩˣŴˣô˴ǹˣԷٶ࣬ҲôҪץסǣ붯øľ
Ƽæ绰մ绰ǸӴܹˣ֮һҶƽǶ˺üˣһƷľ죬ŵ׶ʱ·ǱˮסƵģ߲ˡ
ʲôˣվˣ׼ָǴЩ˸еãˡ
һúǰ⾯ˣǱ㲻ȥҶƽˣæ˸ƳˣƼʹȥ׷ҲûзӣΪ̫٣ҶƽûߣȻ˾ҪҶƽİȫ
ЩתˣҶƽ˵ֵĺӾͽˣһΪʲô֣һ飬æŰɡ
Ҷƽ׼ȥһ˵Ҷʡȥ
Ҷƽȥһݵĵô
һȵʵԼȥ𣿲̫ȫɣ
ҶƽʵѵȫǹˣǱҪ֤ڵİȫ
æҶʡҲ˼ҵ˼˵ȥȫΪʡǼһȥɣ
ҶƽЦ⻰˵ģȺȫͲȫ񲻳˲ȫˣæ£ͲͼˣǼȥͿˣˣɣǲҪˡ
Ҷƽ˷ԸһȻҪҶƽһʱֻվ￴Ҷƽͷȥ
ȵҶƽһԶƼæʡ㱨˵ڵڼҶƽˣô졣ʡг¸ʣһӵ绰֮һţҶƽôȥѵȥӲģ
¸ʱʻ˭ͬȥģƾ͸ֻĸˣʡĹԱû˵ͬ΢˽á
һ΢˽ã¸̴Ӱ칫ҵϵ˵˵΢˽ãϵ𣿡
ƵոߣǲҪȥð˾Ҷʡ²á
¸룬ϵϴ˸ȥбҶʡȥ硣
ӵ¸ʵָʾſ첽ȥ׷ҶƽתһСؤҶƽ飬һ֮ˡ
æһ˵С㿴Сؤ֪ͨɳ˹ȥҶʡȥ
񾯾Ȼ뿴ҶƽͷҲЩСæӦСؤҲǱȽϺ£ģҲǲð졣
ԸϺƴ⼸ˣǳҶƽȥķ׷ȥ뵽Ҷƽ㻤飬Ҹ̫Ҷƽ
׷ȥʱԶҶƽ˻ڵȵʱһԶԶؿҶƽûпǰһľ롣Ϊ죬ٵıǱرģǶװͨ˿һҶƽʮ׵ľ룬ֹҶƽ뿪
Ҷƽͷվŵ˻Ƕ࣬ҪһͣȺӵһӵϣûʲôҶƽǸ̾ӿɲУҲǴˣڵȻӣǾûϵĴȣǳҪŶϵ¾ܹӳ
ŶֵһһʣŶϿԿһΣʱĴݲȡƽʱҶȿֺģ㲻Σʱһ໥ǫãͬ۹á
ҶƽеοǣЩŶӣƴＷĵһЩˣһЩȴܱõ˵ãϴڹȥȱһĽͷûʶ˲ŻΪϳȥɼõҪǿĽ֧ŵģûõĽγɲʶҪͨʽƶ裬Ч϶΢
ҶƽȻȥ˰죬Ȼûϳֻһ೵


1414 
Ҷƽ˳Ƶ˽Ҳ˳ȻԸҶƽĵطγɱ֮ƣֻȥӽҶƽҶƽ
ҲΪҶƽ˳֮ǸеȺڳеĲףʱǺӵͨ㰡
ʡͷᳫɫУԺôҶͨٿĻͨӲˡ
Ҷƽַŷվһʱǲ֪˴ڨˣΪҶŻվֻڿȥ˵ġ
˵ĵϣкöϲһǿȻȴǿϲ鱾˾٣ֻҶȥֻֻ˭ȥ鰡
һϰ߷ӳһʣԹһ׷±壬ڵҪҲСѣʻûн֮£ô׷Щ̫ˡ
ȻʻһУûӾʶֻǰѾһֿںŵĻʼǽġ
ҶƽվŸ복˽̸һ£ͻȻһС￴еʡɣ
ҶƽŤͷһȥֻһźɫȹӵһ˫۾¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ҷƽû뵽ע⵽һϳˣСһкҲ˹ϸҶƽӣһǲʡ
һʡˣȥʡСгҶƽһСһһէġ
СһһӱˣתͷҶƽҶƽղô¶ݣѴ˴ε֮ΪһϵӲ죬СĻʡ¶Եˡ
ǺǣС𣿡ҶƽЦŶС˵
СҺѧУʦȥʡ£ʱԺͱ˵Żʦʡ
벻СﻹǸѧҶƽЦЦڻѧɣ
СǸݴѧĴѧǳӲ칤İɣ
Сһ˵ҵĿҶƽ߿ˣʡӲ칤ôأרŵӲ칤ôûʲôأʡҪǰӵ
ţҶƽЦŶСǹרģһ
СһЦ¶һڰ˵ʡôܺһأרİ
ҶƽЦҽרųһ˵죬𣿡
СһЦððǶܸ˼
ʱΧг˿ͿʼЦŶҶƽʡʲôܰ
⻰ҶƽЦǼǵĹͨ軹ǲһǻҪٿߣ
Ҷƽ˵Ҷ˵ʡҪ˵㻰ʡ켷ȥˡ
ȺڶԽ蹫ͨ·ǳڴҶƽֻһ˵ҵĹˣҪһĹʴУҪץùͨûõĹͨ϶޷ȺڵҪġ
Ҷƽһʱ֮СҶƽվȻֻҶƽһģԪ˿ҲûֹҶƽͬĵġ
ƵվԶҶƽǣ˶ΧסҶƽǼæ˸ȥڲ֪䱣Ҷƽʲô˶УС͵СܷʲôģڸĴ˭Ҳ׼᲻Ҷƽɰȫ⡣
Ҷƽ죬һͻȻƵˣƴʱҲ˲Ҷƽˣ˿һЩ
Ҷƽһһ壬һ룬ҲΪԼã˵ˣûȥעǡ
˺ܶ࣬Ҷƽĳ˵ע⣬ͻȻȥǲУҶƽᱻΧģʲôӵ¼ǿҪµġ
ҲǱȽżϾ빫ϵҪĶ࣬Եʱ֣άһӵȺҪ̫ҶƽϾҶƽʡǣǵﻹҪάġ
ƱæȥάôҲҪ̫һ˵Ⱥ΢һЩ֤ҶƽһȫĿռ䡣
ҶƽСģȻ뼸ģǵǳͰһȥǶʡǱʮֵĺ档
˼վڣҶƽòˣµˣͣʱҶƽ֣С֣Сر˷ܣȻֱҪҶƽӵһ¡ҶƽһЦһӵ
ӵ֮Ҷƽǰڰ֣Ҳ֣Ȼһת߳һʱ򣬱ǿʡ¸ʺͽͨҰӰ
˴ڵſڣǶҶƽڵϵյĺ׼ⶼṩǵϢ¸ΪʲôҪƸϵҪҶƽȱ֤ȫͬʱҲҪӭӵ׼
Ұǽӵ¸ʵĵ绰֪Ҷƽ˵棬ΪͨȻҪȫʡĽͨҶƽͻȻ˵棬Ҫʲô治ȻЩæӭҶƽ
е쵼ûй¸ûи߸е쵼֪Ļе쵼ӦҲһġ
ʵǸ޽ģʡͨṩ֧֣ĺòҪڸʡͷȻҲԼϾʡᣬʡὨĺòÿɹϵȫʡ
Ҷƽһ߳¸ʺҰӭӣҶƽһǺҲû˵ʲôһ֡
˭¶ϢҶƽһ֣һſʵ
¸ЦҶʡҽӵ˵ڵߣһû˸棬ҾǼæˣӲ칤Ҫİȫ
˳¸ʵĻ֮ҶƽòʦڵģֻǹһʱĻҲȥһ¡
Ұ˺˵ҶʡǾģʡĵڼӿ죬ȡ֮¿
Ҷƽһ˵ʱ̫ˣȺڵҪܼȣҪչͨȺڵĳУͬʱҲԴٽɫУⷽĹǽͨҪúõоһ£ûµʱһҲʡίʡת乤Ҫ󡣡
ҶƽһҰȻǣû뵽ʡίʡոҪת乤磬Ҷƽǳˣεת乤Ƕˣֻ˵˵ѡ
ʡͷת磬һгʲôҲҪת䣬ҲҪЧǱȻģȻ˲£ΪҪôҪײǹϣֻܹûˡ


1415 ʡί
Ҷƽ˵˳¸ʺҰˣʱܾҲѶҶƽ󣬱ǻŵӣ˭֪ʡһкҲһûʲô⻹˵ô죿
ܾҶƽɨһۣҪ˵ʲôûУһʱҲû̫ʲôǣԱӵϳһԸĽ⣬ΪӰ쵽˳İȫԱⷽûά
Ҷƽܾ㾭
ôһʣǰѵܾһ£Ϊƽʱǿϰ࣬ǺȻҪǳ϶ǲҪǮģרҲҪǮ˵Ȼר
Ҷʡڵֵ࣬żҪ˵Ҳʵ
ܾо˵Щ٣Ҷƽδţ˵о͹һЩҶƽţش쵼ĻҲģҶƽš
ϣҶƽһ۵żһΣɷֵʲôûУȺڵҪʲôûУ
Ҷƽôһʣܾһӽ벻Ҷƽڵ濴ˣô죬׸ôҶƽ˵أ
ҶʡǵеĻǺܺõģǰڿ״̬֧ƽˣǸо·ˣ׼ٽ·ܾ֮ؽЩ⡣
֪Գ˵ûĸܣĸܵĻһ뵽ӵ⣬ȫ⣬Ȼûᵽͬʱ˵ûжԵһ˼ȻӪҪѧὨĻ֮ڶһЩĻʩҶĶѧϰеƷζⷽĶûУֻǰѵһǳеĹߣǾ̫ûҲûоӪͷˡ
˵鰡ղѾˣܴ󣬲㿼ǵ⣬ҪǵǰѵãӪãѵϸΪܾȰôȥѵĹãҽһ£оĹ裬ȱԻĶϳ򣬳ȫҵ棬ûĵĶȱٵĻҲһеƷζΪǺöϰеĹߣǿǽǳемʱʲôʲôҲӳǵʣ㾭ȥͻᷢһЩ⣬ֻڰ칫棬쳵ôܷ⣬ôܰѹأ˵ǲǣ
˵ܾģҶƽĿȴǿˣ¸ʺҰ̵ͷǣܾҲǺæ˵ǣû뵽Ҷƽֻǳһص˵ôĶ
Ҷʡǰ칫棬ǰ칫ȥһɣܾҶƽΪİ칫ҽĲܸɾҶƽȥӲһ£仰һ£ȻҶƽһˣ൱Ĺˡ
ҰҲҪ󣬼ȻҶƽˣǾҪʽӲһ£οһ´
ҪҶƽͷӦˣ˵İ칫棬˵ԱԱӭӵ׼Ȼƻӭ
ҶƽǺ֣һĻȻ󷢱һ򵥵Ľʾҹ࣬Ϊ˹ͨҵ˹ףϣȰͨҵذѵãǸ۶ĹͨҵźܶĲ㣬ҼŬѹá
ҶƽҲһʽֻܾͨԱҪǳͰǣ쵼֮ŭǷһĹԱģǷЩһȨ˿ģһ㹤ԱǰͰһõ
Ҷƽİ칫ңǻȥˣҰͳ¸ʻеܾ칫ʱ˳ҶƽֵȻϳǻʡˡ
ϣ۶ǲҶƽȥ͵ų˵ҶƽᳵӵվӲ칤鹫ͨߣʵǲ׼ȷģΪҶƽֻмӣûᳵ˻ȥʱ˳ȥʱû
ﲥҶƽͨ˿̸Ļ棬һӰĻ棬ôҪҶƽͬģҪֳȺڵص㣬ʡת乤ҪֳҪʵʣ߽һߵҪ
һ˹ýע⣬̱͵ҳλãúܶ˿Ҷƽӣͬһ紵ǵ
Ҷƽ󣬻רٿʡ飬оͨڻϱʾ쵼ɲ㣬ʵҪ̬ԺҪٲΪֻҪ̬ˣǾͲʲôˣ¸綼Ϊһţ˵ʲô˵ˣϰռǣҪı䣬ÿһλʡͬ־ҪȺڵУȺڵȺڵĺȺҪĹá
ΪץùҪҲڶɲתǵĹ磬ʶǿԾԣ顣
Ҷƽʡ쵼ӳԱҪ󣬸֮ⲻͷҶƽϲ뷨㣬Ҫôһ㣬̫û˼ˡ
ڵ뷨Ҷƽ㣬ϰյʲôӣǲ쿴𣬿϶кõҲлģҪʲôȫûбҪ
ΪԼʶĶԣȻǲҶƽҪ󵱻£˵һֱϲ㣬ЩʶλˣľˡȺǳģǾģûоȺڸܣȻҪλģ쵼˽Ͳ˽ȺԼĸҲǲһġ
쵼˽ͻ֪ҪӦȺڵĺ켸ȺҪ飬ǲȺڵҪĮȻ֮״̬Ȼ֪ȺһЩҪ󣬵ǾͲ֪ӺҲûжȥ飬Ⱥˡ
ҶƽҪ֮еĸʡǰҶƽҪȥˣҶƽҪˣҪǲȥһ£Ǿǲʣֻиڹ̫æûȥ
ȻûȵеĸʡȥʡίǱߵҲ˳ʡίοͬ־°֮Եгˣ̻˵Ⱥ˵˽⵱ǰӵ
ʡίȥгһĺ䶯ҶƽȥοɵΪƺһЩһ㣬ȫʡĸɲǸоҪʲôأ׶㻹ڴݳʲôź
ɲǻԵģʡίʡҪ쵼ΪһźţǵΪпԿǵһЩϲãҶƽʡίˣλҪ쵼ͬ־ҪӼҹͨȺڵӰ


1416 ȥҵ԰
ʡҶƽʡίοɵжȫʡɲע⣬ͬʱҲȺڸܵʡ쵼ڲͬĵطȺڵ۾ʵǸѩģȻǿûиɲԣȴܹʲôǺ쵼ʲôְ쵼
Ҷƽȥ˹վ͵վû೤ʱ䣬طǷ˸Ĺۣ˾˵ɨ㲻ҳȥ쵼ͲøĹۣҶƽһȥͽ˺öࡣ
Ȼ֤ҲˣٽһҲõİɣֻҪγһַ쵼ԸȥǸ߸ϣôͻһܴĽþҪֻҪʱ䣬תһתһҪ˽ֻҪһȺڵȺнӴˡ
Ȼʡʱܱ󣬲ܾȥȫʡ̫࣬ʱʱģ
һ뵽ˣҶƽûҪȨֻмȨø쵼ʱ˼һЩ飬æڸͬʱԼȨѰĻᡣ
ҶƽȥӲ֮󣬽žȥ˸ݴѧǴҵ԰ûдκεкΪһҲ˵ȥУҪʲôкֻͳ˽һȫͬ־㱨ˣûбҪȥһˣҪȥǾҪʵһкʲôʵˣ˿϶ҪŰ취ɱ㣬Ϊ㿴ǲõʵǿ϶ǲģǱȻ
ҶƽǴӻɳˣ֪ɲ˵ʡͨ쵼ȥҲԸ쵼Ǻõһ棬Ըǿõһ棬ϲǣһͨ˵뼸ܹ缲ģˣΪϼ쵼Ҫк氲źãǵ˽Ȼܻ֪һЩʵ
ݴѧҵ԰λڸݴѧĸڸݴѧУʡͬרṩѧҵפȻҲʿפҵ԰ҪǵӲƷ߿ƼƷҵ԰ոֻǳ߳Ρ
ҶƽŵһϽҵ԰ĲһʲôҪʵؿһ²ţкȥǿ϶ǿʵˣ˵רŽһαװȻһٵķ٣ǽľ߲һõ󵼣յ¾ʧ
һΣҶƽֻԪһԪڱֵĲͺϣԸ۶Ҳ˽⣬ǱȽ˳ֵģֻ˾ʵؿһҵ԰Ȼҵ˽һǵһǵ
ԪϰҶƽ΢˽õķʽȻܻЩ࣬ȴеһ˷ܸУͬȥĻʵ΢˽ãʲôõ飬ԵϣдΪ鿴ҲǸеˡ
Ԫҵ԰˽ⲻ˽⣿ҶƽԪȥ·ϱԪ
Ԫ֮˵ⴴҵ԰ԭʡڵʱȫɽǸģʵʩǸݴѧɸݴѧƽ裬һ潨µĴѧǣȻһ潨ҵ԰ʵǺ϶ΪһģͶʴһٶڣ˵פ˲ٴҵˣǾʲôҲûȥ
ԪĻҶƽ˵ͷĿȻǷȫɽģ˵ʡ黹ǷǳӵģȫɽǸίǣͬʱʡίί֮ǰ˵ҪʡһְģҪҵ԰ȻҲǺܻǷȥˣȫɽûܽʡ֮λͷŻЩɥڻעҵ԰
Ҷƽų˸ݴѧſڣȻ߲ԶǴҵ԰ĴšҶƽڳ￴˿ѧǣѧһӻ뵽Լϴѧʱӡ
ѧǽĺƯ⼸ҶԴѧĽͶʺܶ࣬طдѧǵĽ裬ӲʩǽĲˣһֻ뷨ѽѧûĵĴѧΪһĴѧֻܴﵽĿģȻѧǽٺãҲûκġ
Ҷƽҵ԰ſڣֱӿ˽ȥȥ֮˾ѳͣ£ȻԪһ˳վڴҵ԰ƽ̹ĵ·ϣĴ˿
һǷ֣ҵ԰פ̫ˣûж棬ö涼ǿţȺҲǲ࣬ҵ԰Ļ൱Ĳࡣ
ҶƽһʱĬȻ֪ҵ԰Ϊʲôϵԭ򣬻ǹĲ
߽һڿŵǰ棬һרžӪӲƷ̵꣬мһ˽ȥ
ãҪʲôҶƽһ߽ȥ˱Ǻܿعк
Ҷƽ˿ǣʵǵô
ҶƽôһʣʱüסΪͨĿˣ϶˼ôҶƽһʣʲô˼ҪҪش
ãҪʲô𣿡һûлشҶƽĻתƻҪʲô
Ҷƽ̧ͷ˿˵ҿ尡ǵⲻôðɣ
ҶƽһǸеҶƽһͨˣȥϣѲɻһˣͶģ
ԭʽ𱡣ոտʼҵЩãԺģһ˾ЦŶҶƽ˵˶δġ
Ҷƽһǳŵ΢ЦеǳοȻǴҵ԰ǾҪһִҵ̬ȣֻŲܲѣҵ⼸˺ġ
Ǻģֻҵ԰ȥֶܼģҶƽһ䡣
һҶƽ˵üͷˣǲҶƽ˵Ҳʵҵ԰ھǺأ˵ĺܺã˰ֲȴûӰһЩ̼ҳٳٲפˣҲǺܵͣȥǴҵֲõġ
Ҷƽһ˾ǰѻϻӴˣ˵˴ҵ԰ǰľսפʱͦõģǵ˺ҵ԰ίǵ֧ȴݴѧҲҪ֧ҪʡģǺͷ֧ˣҪĴͲܵλкüͬѧŪð;뿪ˣͬʱⴴҵ԰Զ٣ȻûӪЧ治ãҲֻܿš
ǵ˵Ҷƽüͷ΢ţּ֧ٻ᲻ʡ쵼ӻйأȫɽ᲻ΪԼûеʡˣ
һʱţȴڽפ԰ʱҪЩûиеܵѵҵ䲻顣
Ҷƽһ˸оҶƽǲǹ鴴ҵ԰ģ˱Ҷƽ˵ҵǺѣкöҪܣкöĹϵҪ㣬ȻҲǺõˣǻЩճУдҵ˸еӦټһЩҪ򽻵һЩͺˡ


1417 С
˰ҶƽĵԱǱϾŸԼΪĵԱڰӳЩϵ̻»࿼һ£ʹؽ
ȻҶƽԼǰӵشŴôҲܳΪǻᱻȰźãЩܽЩܽƣ˵ˡ
ʽ度ˣҶƽ֪ı׶ˣԲŻ뵽кҪͻԭĹʽ߳ԼĹģʽĹԱʱһҲӦˣտʼҿ϶ŪʲôֻҪʱһǷ֣кҲʲôõӰʱǾͻӦˡ
ȻЩ˿϶ϰСģһ򣬾һͻȻ˵Ƿʲô⣬һ⣬ǿ϶Ҫģǻ漰⣬ֲ֮к鹤ķʽǶٸее㲻ġ
˰ѻһ˵Ҷƽϸţҵ԰ǴŲٵģͬʱȨһϵͳḶ́˵˾ͷ˵ģо仰һվһžңԱȥ飬¼Ȩ֮ҲδػõЧ
ǿĽʮҪڲǰƸƶȣִƶȵˣʹƶٲû⣬԰ãͬƶȺܺãȻ˴⣬ƶҲɻƶȣ໥ģ˵һʲô鵤ҩǿɲ齨裬ǿҲһǳҪĹݡ
ҶƽһʱһᣬҪ⼸һЩ⣬һŮӣһͷȥǸоˣŮӾȻڵǸС
ʡôˣŮǾ֣û뵽ٴҶƽ
ҶƽһҲˣԵȻٴּǹһЦãðּˡ
ŮӼʡһȥԺͬѧ˵ˣǴһأűԺǲţΪҲڵ￴ң
ҶƽЦʵô
ŮӵҵʦʦǣҹǴҵأұҵˣҲҵ
¶һŽ׵ݣһʮƯСӣҶƽСʮֵĿɰʵϴûʲô֣ʲôְ
С˵ҽкǸݴѧѧͱҵˡ
ҶƽЦЦСͬ־ģдҵľĺܺá
ЦҶҺҳɹŶˣҵҲڿǣʦʦǴҵʧˣҿ϶ȥҵˡ
ĻҶƽСҵзյģκ˶һܱ֤ɹһҪԼ⣬Ҫ˳ɹɹ
ʱǼ˿Ҷƽ˵𻰣һһʡؽţһľȣĵźʲôʡ
һЦŵҶʡǲʡأأ
ɫһ죬ҶƽҶƽһЦ˵˵أһǾͲ˵ˣұ֪Լ˭ģں˱¶ˡ
ҶƽܺͰƽ׽˵ӣǸ߼˵ǴҵҲ̫עˣû˵Ҫڻ⣬һҪΣĹߣʡ쵼֪ôʡҶʡǰӲ칤϶ˣҲһ̫ûˡ
˵һһ׵ģҶƽҲǼʶˣʺϽٳȥҵҲпܳɹǿʺĻǹٳϾ˵Ȥģ˹ٳ϶еźģҵʱҲ᲻ĵġ
Сι˽˽ģͲҪͱ˵ˣ⼸ʦʦǣǺúõ̸һ̸ҪΪʡʲôʵǵ̸ҶƽûкǼ̸꣬ΪܵˣҪ̸̸
һ̵˵ͷȻǼ˰ﻰ˵ܰǴҵˡһ̴ӸղŵľлָղǾ͸оҶƽĵԱû뵽Ĵ쵼ںˣѻʡúõؽһɡ
Ҷƽ뼸˽ֽһᣬԱ߲ţ·ҲڴҵƵġҶƽһᣬȥҼ̻˽һǲҪ̻Լݡ
ǳ飬Ҷƽȥ̻˽ļ̻͸ԼǸݴѧѧģѯʣҶƽʦ
ͷԷǳȻҶƽ˵ԼʦС˵Ҷƽһ£ת֮䣬Լͱʦϵˡ
ͷЦЦҶƽǼ̻֣Ȼ̸һ̸ܵ˵ǶԴҵ԰ĵģǴҵ԰ĹڼȨ棬ҲеڵһЩ涨סǣͬʱ˰ȷ滹Ǵŵǵڴҵ滹ǴźܴĸĽռ䣬ټԸĽͺˡ
⼸̻ĴҵԱǸݴѧѧȻ˵ǸݴѧĴҵ԰ԱҲǿפģϾפ٣ҪԱפſԡ
̻ûϵʡ̸һҲûʶǰʡΪҶƽǸݴѧʦء
̸аСʱҶƽ뿪ҲûͣǵȵҶƽԺֹһ˵ôоأ
ǿܰɣ˵Ǵѧʦ˵ȥ˸ݴѧһ˾ǽӻ
Ǹ˾ǵͷҵȥݴѧûмˣܸоʱ䲻ˣˣҸоڵϼˣ
ǴѧʦôϵӰһ˾ǲΪȻص
ǸԽԽϤˣһ򿪵ԣһܵţһͻȻеҵˣҵˣ
һæ˹ʵҵʲôˣ
Ǹһָ˵㿴ǲǸղǸˣ
һ˳ֿȥϸһϹȻҶƽ˵˵˭
Ǹ˿˿ѽǴ쵼
һʵʲô쵼
Ǹָŵϵ˵㿴ⲻдʡίǡʡҶƽͬ־վӲ칤ĳ˿н̸
һ̿ȥֹȻ⼸֣㼱æʵһʡ
мˣûΧ𣿰ѽ滹иղŵǸС˵ŻأǸһӾ˳һעĿȥҲǾˣ˵ô£ղƭǰ


1418 Ҷƽķŭ
΢˽ãǸ˵дһ˿˷ܣñȷ´½һ㣬ֺñڵӾ΢˽õĻϡ
ʡ΢˽ãаȫƽʱעȥŰҲֻпģҪƽʱרŵĻһǾϳˣһϧص
Ǹ˵˵ͷ룬ҲܲΰιϵÿһˣȥעĻЩʧˣղĵĻʡǩ֣ʲôģҲԼľӪ
̻ϧʱҶƽѾͺ뿪ԶˣΪҶƽ򵼣Ҷƽڴҵ԰ιۡҶƽĴֿ˿еҵ԰ӲȻӲĲûǲеģͷҪ͸쵼˵һ˵
ҶʡҪһԷأҶƽ֮׼뿪ҵ԰ϳ֮ʣ˵Ļ
һۺҶƽһ룬Ԫ˵ԪСͬѧǳģҪǴҵĻҪ֧绰ԺʲôҪģϵ
ҶƽԸԪѵ绰񣬺һʡԸ绰ˣҪһ˸˵¶ֻǲ֪µʱʡ֧
Ԫѵ绰˺Ҷƽִ˴кȻϳȥҶƽĳ˺ԶתȥԪµĺ뼤ѡ
Ҷƽ͸˵ӣԼڲףӴʱ龰ʱףӴҲǸһ绰룬ȥˣȻǵףӴڿˡ
ҶƽڳϢһᣬŻȥٿҵ̸飬ҪԼģԼҵ̸Ȼʽ̨һȨ嵥ôҵܹܷȥҵһҪṩһõĻǳɳ׳
ȥ֮󣬹¸㱨Ѿ˴ˣǰ칫˭Ҳ֪Ҷƽȥֻз֪Ҷƽȥ˴ҵ԰
߽Ҳ֪¸ʹ˵ҪҶƽ˵Ҷƽ칫ҿһҶƽڣȻԪԪҲڣͷҶƽʡȥﶼ
룬ó¸ȥһ·̽һ·֪֪Ҷƽȥˡ¸ʱȥҷ
¸ǹ㱨Сؤģ˵ְӣûбҪٱҶƽҶƽһ쵼̫һҶƽĻҶƽһ£ͱˡ
¸ʹҪ㱨Сؤ£һȡһȵָʾ¸ʸеӦ֪ҶƽȥҶƽεˣҲѹְҶƽרŴǱߵġ
¸һʱ֮뷽ύύ˱ڷ죬̸̸ڳ¸ʡһʡʡҲʡ쵼ˣĵλҪͣ˿˵Ȼܰ졣
һֱһСʱĻ߽ʿ¸ҲЩˣ϶ǳ¸뷽ĵһˣԴ֮ʡ칫ǷһЩ仯ܶ˶ǳİ칫ˡ
ҶƽΪı۰ʲôҶƽ֪Ϊʡ鳤޷Ҷƽź׽ĹϵˡҶƽȫɷЭΪ鳤ֻǴʡճǣҶƽ飬ɷ
һʱ֮Ϊʡ칫ˡȻҲҶƽŹˣҰһ鲿ǰҲֻΪҶƽṩѯ˰Ҳûеʲô֮
¸һֱȵҶƽҶƽһ󣬸߽Ҳİ칫ңЩʡճҪҶƽ棬Ҷƽϡ
Ҷƽһͷ߽ʱ˵Ҷʡղų¸ʹ㣬ڲڣҿ칫ûˣˣҲʲôʱûȡ
߽ʹ˵̽ҶƽķӦҶƽ³ȥкǳ⡣ҶƽĻŶһ˵ղҺԪȥһ£ûüк¸ʹʲôģûи˵
߽ʵֻһ£˵ǵСؤ£û˵ʲô
һСؤ£Ҷƽˣⶼһˣֵ֪ôˣûüأ
¸ʴ绰˵㱨һ顣̴߽Ӧһ²¸Ӧûߣһڷİ칫棬Ҷƽǰ˵߳Ҷƽ칫Ҹ¸ʴ绰
һ绰¸ʹȻûߣ߽ʳҶƽˣʲôץȥ㱨ȻͰѵ绰ˣûи߳¸ʣ˵ҶƽҪ¡
ʡ鳤ʡλãñʶʡĵλ߳¸˵Ҷƽ¸ʶȻῴˡ
ҴҶƽİ칫ң¸һЦվҶƽһֵͬ־ôˡ
¸һӸеĪֻЦЦҶʡҹ㱨һǸСؤѾѰӵˣȻģҶʡ㵱ʱһӾǿˡ
¸ȸҶƽһƨҶƽֹʲôֱ˵ˡ
¸˵ǸСؤ˿ƵרҵؤϵҲЩɵģԭʱСؤһˣǰ˹ƣרҵ򡭡
¸ʸ˵Ҷƽ͵һ˵дץûУ
¸Ҷƽһ漴˵ץסˣӣڽ׷
ҶƽվŲ˵㿴㿴Щ˻Բ˼ҵĺӸߣȻŪɲмȻǵͬıȡǮƣ˻аһҪϳͣ
¸û뵽ҶƽᷢôĻ֪ҲǷǳߣû뵽ҶƽߣΪˣĲ״̫ˣҲϰΪˣҶƽΪʡķǳ٣Իߣǽתһ룬ҶƽԭǸɹˣʲôûȻߣҶƽģ
Ҷʡ̶ԱоӵȫץסȻʹڹͯİӱȽ϶࣬ǹ֮ùĶͯʵûˣǹһЩֲҾ粻ٳ֣¸ʼæҶƽ˱̬
Ҷƽ̧ͷһۣĿʱջЩӵĲ̣ͬʱҲڵϷ飬ȴ˷ֶеŭ


1419 ҵ̸
˿¸ʣҶƽƽΪһԱûжһЩĺޣûжԱְȰͻ棬а﷢ĳŵĹԱǿһģһ£һ¾ͻˣͽˡ
ȻҲȫֵŵԱŵԱˣûйأ֮ԹˣΪԼעˣǲòܣⷽԼǲҪ£ѰֱӴڵŵĹԱϡ
Ҷƽһ˵ͬ־żȻģǺöܲܵõ֮ǰû뵽һȥ˽վվȵطǹȫǳҪĵطûرע
¸һϻشעעصİȫ⣬Ƿǳעġ
ҶƽһۣעڵôܻСؤȻҲһɱ飬δؤĳ֣Բһ£ֻҪĵȥעһ£ͻܵġ
ҶƽһʱҲ˵¸ʲô˰־ó¸ʳȥˣ¸ʸеظҶƽ˵ѹҲ̫ˣ
ڳ¸֮Ҷƽһ룬ԼЩ̫뻯ˣϾÿһ˲ᶼ⣬²ؼ߸߹ʹȻԵĹ涨ֻҪԼΣʱŻ𣬶˭ֻԼ棬ȺĺֻйͬʱŻ֣
ΪĿľҪôһͬķܶĿ꣬ôҺһɢɳȻ²ؼ߸߹Ļֻ˵ⷽĹûá
ҪһЩҶƽ룬Ҫĵط̫࣬ڵýȴǰͲñһЩΪ򣬶ǿƺӿǲУҪץһ顣
һЩ鲢ֹܣҶƽһԼǲĶ̫ˣԼڻȰѸðɣȨã罨ҪãǰҪĹ
ҵ̸ԼٿҶƽ飬ʡλᣬͬʱйְܲŸҲʡᣬͬȡҵ
ĶǸ۶ȫʡҵңЩ򸻺û뵽ǣһĻһЩͨˣǸе֣Щ˭Ǵð㣿ô֪
һʱֲıԱߵҲǲ׽ˣЩ˵ҲǺܽŵģϾǵһʡμĻ飬Ǽȼ˷ܣЩϯʡҪĸһ
ҶƽģԸݴѧҵ԰ᴴҵǣҲˣҶƽԪźЩҵģԺҲˡ
Ҷƽٿҵ̸֮ǰͻȻ뵽飬Ȼȥ˽һЩҵ԰ᴴҵμ飬ô޷ǵȫԼ϶û˵ģǲһ£ȿ˵ͬʱҲչʾһźţǾԴҵߵӣӶһĴҵģһӰġ
һ˱ǱˡЩˣʵû뵽лμĻ飬ʡ߲鰡ҶƽȻǲμӣʵǸе⣬ܸˣ
ǽʡԺʱ򣬸߽ʿǻе֣Ϊû֪ͨᣬֻ֪ͨЩǧĸλᣬȡǵ
ˣˣ߽ʻʲôģΪϷõģ棬߸߽ʣרμ̸ĴҵԱ߽ʲһȻЩһȥǺѧôμҵ̸᣿
ҶʡİţһҶƽŵģ߽ϲ˵ˣ˽Ҷƽˣ·ƣڲͬҶƽŵĻЩλᵹǷķ
ҵʱҲǿ˺ˣһΪʡµĹԱǲӦﰡӦȥ÷ȥ
ɻ󣬱ʰ칫ˣ칫һŶһʡʲô˶ˣʲô˶Բμָ߲Ļˡ
ȼƵǺձģȻҶƽھûֵȼƵڼȻҪٿҵ̸ᣬҪһײĴҵǣǣЩѾɹĸǣʲô壿ЩǣһԱһϵģʲôֻҪкܰ쵽ͨĴҵ
ЩǮ֮󣬾ͻΣǽһЩһҪǲϵͼıǴ㴴ҵ»ʧģûĴҵʡֱӱǵֱӷӳʵġ
ҶƽңЩǻûкӴȻܼһ棬ΪʡͷӰҵңΪʡϱſԣȻǺûӡ
ҶƽƻӭǼˣһҲæվ˷ܵػӭţǻӭڣ˻ӭǷĵġ
˿ǣҶƽڰ΢Ц°ɣôҾõˣٿҵ̸ᣬȡһ´ҵΪǸ۶ʡһչײߣΪ˱֤ǾߵĿѧԣǲ뵽λɹҵңͬʱҲ뵽˸۶ѧҵ԰ļλڴҵ֮еǣǵĽǸλɹҵҵĹȥڰһǵĺͬײߣٽȫʡĹչǳ˿ҵĵ
ҶƽѺ񼸸˸ˣӼˣЩȷʵǸеǳ⣬ʡ̫һˣǾ̫˼ˡ
Ҷƽ򵥽˺񼸸ˣרŰ͹Գ˵ޱȼҲøеӲ죬ҶƽΪʲôҪӼԴҵ԰ĴҵߣѵҪչȫʡľǲܵ£ǹһ£ЩδɵչãֻһЦ
ҶƽʼôҷһʼĵȻЩǸִ˴ЭίԱ⻷ĳɹҵǣٲȻ̽䣬ǵطˣǵĿһֱҶƽƺڸҶƽǽĶȷİڴҶƽǵĿ϶
ҶƽţǻǺˣҪȡһͬֻҪ˵еӵģΪЩɹҵӴΪ˵ȷͨ˵


1420 ϵ
ҵ̸ٿĺܳɹⲻҶƽѺĴҵ߽˹ڣЩĴҵǽʱЩɹҵǲò¿ǵķԣһӵҵ̸ɹٿԭ֮һ
ȻȻǵһβμֻ飬Ҷƽ֮ǰǼ棬Ҳ̫ź£ҶƽǿʼԵʱǱҲһŵؽ
濴ҲǸе˽ĻȽϲЩԤˣ
̸ԺҶƽռĸԼ־ϵΪҲıоʡ칫оԺ󣬱οһοɵ
οɿԺ󣬸оҶƽʱĹ˵ˣĴĸԲֻڿںţҪжУǾǴţˡ
ƽͬ־ЩȨ嵥ʵ尡Ǹ۶һҪڸĸǰУֻҪһƳǸ۶ĸĸ˵ȫǰ档οɿҶƽݹĸĸʮָ˵˵
Ҷƽ˺ܶ˵ʵؽ˵Уյһϣ·ͻӵһЩ·Ժ󣬸ԹصЧʵ䷴
οɵ˵ͷҶƽһۣȴͻȻһЦ˵ȥ˸ݴѧǵĴҵ԰˭Ҳû֪ͨºҲû֪ǣ
ȻοҶƽʱһűЦǣ˭˵ģ
οЦȫɽ˵һ£˵㵽˴ҵ԰Ҳһϴȥͷʵˣ˵㲻кºҲŲҲ˵ʲôȥ֮Ҳûзųţ;ǲǶ
ȫɽҶƽ³ôһ䣬ôȥҵ԰ûкΪҾûбҪкǰӵصУǲ޳ɵģת磬ΪʡһҪ𣬲ٺ͹ȥһЩʽ壬壬ڴҵ԰飬ҪΪ̸һ̸أҵ԰ڷչĲôеʽˣһҪúýһ顣
ҶƽӴҵ԰ԺҲǶԴҵ԰ľ˽⣬ʵҵ԰ǸݴѧǵĿȫɽͷΪӲҪڽѧǵͬʱץôҵ԰Ľ裬˵ʵڵһ̣ȫɽŷݺλӣ˭뷶ȥûܽλҶƽȵǵʡҵ԰ǻķˡ
ΪǸгҶƽ̸һ̸һ´ҵ԰飬ȻˣһҪãܰ;ϣҵһ£ǾͰѺãرҪȨٽҵҪץҵ԰Ŀ
ƽͬ־ȫɽͬ־ƺеοûɵ˵ôһ䣬Ҷƽȴ֪е˼޷Ϊʡѡ
ǣĿ²ֻһ˰ɣʡĹƽȣǱҵյҲأǮԪʤͻ¥ƺ޲ߣҾʱ֯ϽһˣȻƽȣʹƳ˼ȨĴʩҲôӸϽ⣬һЩ˵ĶʡĹӰܴ󣡡Ҷƽһģһֱǵ⽲˳һοɵķӦ
οʡίǣһ֣ϵķȨȻǱȽϴйµϣҶƽҪйͨͬʱҲҪοΪոȨ֮Ҫ⣬ĿĻƽʡĹάƽȾ棬ٳٴ򲻿ľ档
οĻüͷһ£ϵǼܺڿ۾һ£ȻҶƽ龪ˣҪ֪ߴ궼ûȥŶһмҪ쵼ɲΪ۶˭һϵеӦĻͲƿؾˡ
Ҷƽᵽ⣬ܲӦҶƽ֪µѶȣһ룬ͣһ˵»᲻Ըģ֪ʡǴһġ
οʾһҶƽҶƽǣ˵Ҳ˽һЩҲȫ꣬ȶһתһ¾棬ڶʱҲǱȽϳˣҲɵġ
˼ȶǮԪʤȶ¥οȻһ䣬ҶƽڴƾȤ
Ҷƽһ£ҪͶҪ쵼ֻܸı棬ҪĻͶǮԪʤǮԪʤضʸϣڶһЩǲô׸ıģ¥ѣڶҲ׸ı棬̫
һ룬ҶƽǮԪʤڶʱҪȶ¥ڶЭ㹤ϵĽӣ;õĵطǱҪסľõλʡľҲһ
ҶƽĻһĵοɵͷʵҲ뷨ڼȻ˳ҿԼһ£ֻ׼˭ǮԪʤְ񣿡
Ҷƽ;ãȻҪöõĹȥҿ־ϲȥǮԪʤְ񣬳־óϤȥȽϺʡ
ҶƽĽнԣοһµһͷͳ־̸һ̸Ȼ֯ǮԪʤ̸һ̸˵ְ񻥻Ƚ˳һЩ
ǮԪʤʡί֧ߣȻûһõİţ»˵ķԣҶƽһ˵пܵĻټʡίʡĸ鳤־ҲǼġ
ο̵˵ͷ֪Ҷƽ⣬ֻǮԪʤеְʱŻ˳طӶһЩһڶԸʡʱٰлôˡ
Ҷƽο֮󣬾ǵȴοɵ˳ᢣѶе쵼ӸˣֻҪ˶쵼ӣƱؾͻһӰ죬ƽ޲ĸ۶̳Ͷһһ¡
ڼȨĹο㱨Ժ󣬽ύʡίίоһ£ʡίʡĹͬ·ȻһЩֻʡʡȻҲǿԣûʡίʡһ𷢲ĸϾֻ飬ʡίҪУΪĸںҲʡίġ
ȵʡίίٿʱʡĸ﷽ǸģҶƽʡʡĶ֣һ¶ʡĶ֣Ҳǳʡʡίίļ
ѷһοɱôҷ֪֮һεĶҪúܴˣҶƽһĸĸ﷽˵ǳ˷ͷȻҶƽҲûʲôɼֻҪȨķһƳҶƽ۶ĵһʱҪ˵ɵػǸеһģҶƽߺ̫಻һĶôôľ


1421 һǽ
Ȩһ£˭Ҳ˵ʲôί˳ͨˣڳίͨԺ󣬱ʡί칫ʡ칫·幫֮ڣ۶ʡһָĸĴ󳱣ôҿοɺҶƽ֮󣬸۶ķչĸһͻͽķչ
ҶƽڴܴһܴãϾһᾧԸʡҵͬ־Ҫߵ÷гʲô⣬һҪʱ
æ飬ҶƽľͰѸгΪеԼİ칫һʴҵ԰顣
Ϊһ˲ģҶƽ࣬ҲǸʡĸɲˣιߵίǣΪʡθʡһ꣬˸г֮λ
гпܽǣ֮󣬾пܽʡԭ·Ȼ·ıˣȫɽûнʡ֮λҲûܽί֮λӰ쵽һˣΪͷȻ뷨ģ뷨Ҳûȫɽ뷨ΪίȻٵʡĸҪȫɽ͵Ķ࣬ȫɽ;ܴ졣
Ҷƽӵ֪֮ͨ󣬱Ǹ˹һҶƽЦ˴кȥ˺ºͣûȫɽô࣬ҶƽǾȫɽģȫɽȻҲǳһŰǿȥȴǷǳӣоǷʲôǵģοΪʡίǣ˼ʱҲǸӡ
ȫɽΪίǣڵʵ֮һȻв٣οɺҶƽ쵼ûжη壬˵𾴣۶ϵҲ˽⣬ҶƽοȻһʡһʡίǣǸɹջҪЩɣʹˣСӣοɺҶƽҲҶǹҪչǵ
ȻҶƽο˲Ҫǵ𾴣ֻҪǸɺùʡίʡ쵼㹻ˣΪҶƽ˼ϣΪܰѴҵ԰á
Ҷƽר߳Ϊ֣Ϊûʽؼ棬ڵһʽ棬ҪһЩһ˵Ĺϵ
Ϊͬ־һֱæûҹ죬ʱ䣬Ǻú̸һ̸ҶƽסΪ֣¶΢Ц˵
ΪҲһЦݵƽͬ־æ֪ģһҪ˽ʱȷʵǺܽ⡣
Ϊ̬Ⱥºͣһ˵ȴҶƽܵһ̵ĸо˸оЩ졣
Ժ󾭳˽ͻΪǹһ֣ᳫ쵼ɲһҪȺڣı磬ҵȻҪͷΪͬ־ڸǱҲӦ˰ҶƽûΪеĴ̣̹Ȼ˵飬֪Լ˽Բ㣬ʵǵһֹ
ΪЦǣǣȺ·ǹķƽͬ־ʲôָʾ𣿡
Ϊһһƽͬ־·ҶƽƽƽƵģҶƽοɻҪһأȻ˼ҳƺͬ־ûһ㲻׵ĵط׵֮໥ͬ־ȷְ񷴶ǲԵˡ
Ƚձ飬ҶƽһʱҲףΪҪôȷʵϽϸҪһɳƺͬ־ҪôϰҶƽƽƽˣûаʡ̫ϡ
һ֣ҶƽֳܱʲôԸԼƽͬ־ֳܱ˿Ĳ졣
ΪʲôָʾҶƽΪͬ־ݴѧǴҵ԰£˽ⲻ˽⣿
ΪһһͻȻ¶Цݵƽͬ־ҵ԰ҵȻ˽ģԭץƽҲҸġ
ΪȻҲ֪Ҷƽȥҵ԰飬ȫɽǰɧ˵Ҷƽ뵱Ŀˣȥ˴ҵ԰Ҳ֪һȥվʲôһ͵ˣڵã㵱ְҵˣףʲô
ȫɽȻǸ͵ģΪҪȫɽһ壬ҵ԰ԭҲģҶƽȥҵ԰ȻҲе졣
ҶƽһһȻһЦƺûʲôıʾ
ºˣΪͬ־ǵĴҵ԰Ūð;ϣҪץסμȨĻᣬѴҵ԰úõظһ㣬ַܳӴҵ԰ãٽǾõķչҶƽʽظ⡣
Ϊһ˵һͷҪȫɽͬ־һҵ԰ǿģҹƽͬ־㱨
ΪһҶƽ˵ʲôˣԼĻԶȫɽĻãΪҪȫɽģֱʡġȻҲ˵ΪʲôΪʡУһĶԣʡҲɵģڼȻΪʾˣǾΪȥȫɽһ˵ɡ
ҶƽɫؽΪ̸ȴǸеԼһЩ뷨ܵ˴ۣоһǽǽܴܺ봩͸ǽһһֻֻǼȨֻֻǲ֪
·߾֮󣬸ɲǾأҶƽԺͻȻӿֳΰ˵仰һ뵽仰֪ûһеİŶûõģȡһЩ֯ϵĴʩ½ĹһЩҪȡ֯ϵĴʩȴһϵģҪ֮
ΪҶƽȥžȥȫɽˣȫɽĸߴ˱࣬һϣΪǰǱȽ𾴵ģȫɽ֮󣬱ǰҶƽҪ󽲳ˣһȫɽ
ȫɽһΪ꣬ϾֳһƬ֮ɫ˵ҵ԰Լ㣬ò˵ģǸݵķչǸϰյϣȥһδҵ԰óʲôġ
ȫɽְзҶƽľٶΪ֮˵ôҵʱ͸ҪҿˣûǴҵ԰ʼǶȴҲһ취Ҫ뷨һ㣬ָܻһЩȻҪһѹ
ȫɽһۣ˵ͷ棬˵ȱʽʡܲܽ˰ٽʡһЩûǮǴ粽еģһʡ̬ȡ
ȫɽôһ⣬ΪһǽҶƽľģʡҪ֧ĵطܶ࣬ڸҪһ˰ҶƽһܲˣȫɽҪľЧҶƽ֪ҪظеĴڣ˽ж൱ڸǵ顣
һ룬ΪӦһͷȥһ棬Ҿڴ򱨸ͬʱҲѴҵ԰ȱʽҲʡ㱨һ£ɳһЩǲϽ˰
ΪǵϸһЩ˼Ҹץʲôѱȫɽ۾һ룬ȽȫһЩͰ˵ȥ졣
ܺãʡϵģȥ°ɡȫɽص


1422 ʡľ
ҶƽһӵΪǸ棬ϵüͷ̽л밡һ˵Ҫǿҵ԰飬ͰҪʽıύˣһǲȡһֲͬѰķʽǾֱӴ˰еֿۣϽʡʽϽˣ
ҶƽĿǼųʱĹֽϣǰֳȫɽΪ˵ۿͰ
Ҷƽɵز뷨ʡеίгҪһʡίίȨĶ࣬һʡίίҲǹһ飬ȨģʡеίȴǲͬԲʡίشߣҿʡطӵһ̶ϵľȨ־Ȩһʡίίûеġ
ڸطˣΪеίǿֱӽʡ֪ˡ
ʡίʡڸУеԴ϶ȷΪʡУӵŵԴӵеȨҲͻܴȻȨ֮󣬾齾ͣ͵ͬʱһԹǾǸ˲õˡ
ҶƽеھǳӦ£̷أѡͣȴ᣿
оԼһֱȥҪһķҪøеƳΪ̬ȻԺͲ쵼ˡ
һ룬ҶƽΪϱļϣǩһģͬ־д
Ҷƽļ棬һ裬ΪֻнļɢŻҵע⣬ӶȫɽΪ˵¶ôҸебƹɣֱӽʡľҪʽҪʽɣȻȴҪֱӽ˰ľٶǾЩˡ
ҶƽĻֱӰΪйһһΪ̬ȣ´һݱ۸ʽ¾ǹȥˣȻǾϢˣԸзȻھзıҪҪȫɽΪ֪СûãΪõİѱ
ӵҶƽǩı棬ؿһ飬ǸеǳΪˣֹܵģҶƽоһ£ݱ浽ӦΪҪǾڴʡӦΪҪǾǲȫɽӣȫɽĹϵǱȽ⡣
ԭʱǾϵΪʡҲоʡʸģԼȫɽʸ񣬵˶ûŪϣ֮ǰϵʱʧӰ٣תͬǱعԱݣ໥֮仹Ҫһµġ
ȫɽôģģҶƽɽ󽻵ڸ⡣
濼˰죬רŸȫɽȥһ绰ݱûȿΪû㱨ΪݱǸģȷȫɽ֪֪顣
ȫɽӵĵ绰һȻ˸һ룬ʾʲôһΪʲôԸ˵
ȫɽ֪£Ŀأڸǰʧӡ֮û˵ʲôȻȫɽʾ֪ͿԲȫɽӶˣԺȥҶƽ㱨
Ҷƽڰ칫棬˽оҶƽ㱨
ҶʡΪύ棬ǩˣҿһ£治ףҽٴ򱨸档Ҷƽ̬
Ҷƽһۣû뵽ҲǸеףվڲͬǻóͬĽȻϵЩңǱϾʡ쵼һЩϻҪһµġ
ҶƽŶһ˵ʰɣǺð죬ȥΪ񽲣ύ棬Ҫдһйشҵ԰ϸƻʡǻ㱨Ƿʽ֧ǵľ
Ҷƽһ̬ӦһȥΪΪӵĵ绰ʡ棬ǰһ¡
Ϊ֮ǰѾ֪ݱ䵽飬ȫɽٻҪάһ¸еģӴһ¡
û뵽ûȵӴȴϵˡ˸ĻΪû˵ʲôͨҶƽڸ飬Ȼǿʲô
ҲǺͿˣô뵽⣬ʡŸɰ濴һۣ˵
ΪæЦЦҾʡҲûж룬һʱûȫ鷳˸ʡ
ҿƽʡⲻǹĲ𣬻ȥдһȻдһҵ԰ϸƻٱƽʡȥҺ˵˵û
Ϊ֮һЦΪ뽨贴ҵ԰أⲻ뽫ҶƽľˣֻҪݱûȥûˡ
ȴ˵úãӹݸıȻǸˡȥԺ󣬱Ǻȫɽһȫɽ룬ҵ԰Ϊһ׸ȻҶƽŽ贴ҵ԰ǾͽˣʽҪˣѴҵ԰ʡʡɣʡܸʲôڵصǾٰ˻ᣬΪ
˻Ὣ֮ڸٿȫɽԼܲȥˣû뵽ʡûϺĿҪΪ񣬼ȻĿ϶Ҫڴҵ԰ûʲôˣʱǳһҵô򵥵£
ȫɽľ֮Ϊһ룬ҲǿԣֻʡｻʡԸҪ
ȫɽһɣЦŸҵ԰ĿҶƽôģôܲҪҪ͸ˣͲҪˣкö๤ҪҪָֻŵġ
Ϊ⻰˾Ҫʡҵ԰ĿɹĿʡɡ
Ժȫɽ㰲Ϊȥ£Ϊ룬ֻٴʡȥ˸棬뷨ͨһ£ȻȥҶƽ
治֪ȫɽ뷨Ѹı䣬ΪҪʽ𣬽Ϊһסˣҵ԰ǸΪͶʵģҪȫʡʡô飿
ΪʾҪо˻Ὠ裬ûǮҲûо£Ҷʡַǳ£ֻнˡ
Ȼϣ룬ʹΪȥҶƽҶƽˣһΪ̧ͷ컨壬Ȼͷһڲ裬ĿΪϣ˵úõһҵ԰ǲҪˣǲ̫һЩϴǲǻ򱨸Ҫʽ𣬺úý贴ҵ԰𣿡
ҶƽһɣΪеϲڣȫɽľҲ̫Ϊˣûа취ֻӲͷƤҶƽ¡


1423 
Ҫҵ԰ʡУҶƽڽΪ֮ͬ󣬴ҵ԰ʡ裬ѹڸϽ
ҵ԰ʡԺҶƽѴҵ԰ĹʡίУʡί顣ίηһλŮͬ־ȥ·ҶƽǱȽָɲ÷ץôҵ԰Ľ衣
һҶƽôҵ԰Ľ裬ڱǴӦҶƽģһץҵ԰衣
ģҶƽЦ˻ǺйͷģһЩͬ־ͷ
ҶƽӸջ˴ҵ԰ĹȨͷȻȫɽΪ˲ǸеҪ쵼ǵĽȥʡίʡܾģˣֻʱȥǣڹؼԼ顣
οϵͶίǮԪʤ̸ˣǮԪʤͬصٵζίǡ
ҶƽһһϲȽ˳ǮԪʤԸ뿪Уͺðˣó־ϹȥζίǾͻ׺ܶ࣬עһص㣬еİӱҪһˡ
ţʡİ칫ңҶƽ̧ͷһһʱȻ֪ΪͻȻԼ
ͬ־ҶƽǷǷһơ
߽Ŀ䵽ҶƽϣȻߵԱ˵Ҷʡ˵İҪ
˻һ˵Ҷƽﲻһ˵ǺͨˣǮԪʤ־ϵְҪǮԪʤڶʱ䲻ˣҪһ£ͬ־ʲô
ҶƽĿ⿴棬Ϊ֪ǮԪʤ¥ĹϵУеİӵ϶ܹģϾĵ̣ڶĵ̣һµĻ϶᲻ġ
οɻûͨȴȹҶƽ̽ʵˣΪãа֮ԻҶƽйأΪҶƽһȥӲ칤ˣȻοϿ϶Ҷƽһµġ
ǮԪʤڶʱȷʱܳˣϾҪˣɵ첻𣿡濴ȥƽ˵ҶƽҪάĵ̣ǳڹϵĿǡ
һʱҪ죬ٵһ꣬϶ǵȲˣҶƽüͷһ˵ǽǮԪʤѾͬʡûбҪɣеľóһֻ£־ȥܸ֮õȥץ飬ҿǱȽϺʵģͬ־֪ԭڶйǳĶ飬ҪӳԶǣǮԪʤһֱڶְģʡܷõãԺҲԹע飬ʵ൱ڻڶ
ҶƽһıܲÿǮԪʤкǳˣҲ̫˰ɣһ룬оԼʡҪ½ˣϾϵĵУǴӶģһ֧ţû˶ʡĻȨ϶Ҫġ
ǮԪʤȻӦοɵҪԸСڶҲǸɲȥˣǸ¥Ҳǲʡģ¥ͷĶ࣬ϵãȫɽĹϵҲǲСӳ裬ǮԪʤ˵ֻĹʱȴ㲻¥СԻɵòġ
ȥҪúõһǮԪʤʲôο̸Ļ뵽ǵҶʡֻһ½飬ûб˼Ȼȥˡ
ҶƽһۣܿվӰ칫ǰתȥˡ
ŸȥҶƽͷһ룬οһҪѹһˣֻŻԼλãοɵ쵼ȻοһЩʲô飬ײ
ȥԺǮԪʤϵǮԪʤӵĵ绰Ժ󣬱ǹһ棬ǺʡίҪΪʲôϵڲ֪Ūܱ
һǮԪʤȻԵúΣڶίλӣȻһֱȥǶеѾеͷöˣΪ¥ƣȻڶаССḶ́˺ܶ˵Ĳٲߣͻ˵ʡǸʱѣ֪֮ԻһŻ¥ָʹȴȥ¥ΪĻ˫໥˶
ˣʱ뿪õİ취֪뿪ˣ¥һһְģʡίģ뿪ˣìܾǿԻˣͿԽˣڶе⽫ת¥չһڶ⡣
ˣ¸治ͬ⣬ΪڶУнǸĵ̣뿪ˣ¥δػģ˸һͬ뿪С
ǰ죬͸£ο̸ʱ򣬱һ룬Ӧ뿪УȥҲǲԱӦ־ϵְжԻ
ڸйƾ飬˿棬û¡濴ӣɫصܺż뿪
ǮԪʤŸźֻûش̸ˣһܽʲôȥﶼһ
ͿΪʲôҽһǲǸо˵ˣ
ǮԪʤæ˵û˼ûüʡ㱨ǽ˺ܶණҲܲ
ǮԪʤӣû˰취˵ˣȥϰɣҸ㣬ûô򵥣ΪǵְǣʡĲ֣ǲֵĵһӣҪͷȻʹشӦ뿪㿴Ϳֵز
ǮԪʤø⻰˵ˣʲôʡĲ֣ʲôҪͷûиܵһµǣʡĲ֣Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʡ˵⻰ʲô˼ûŪװǮԪʤֵվζһ£Ŀߴĸ濴ˣֱЩԼôΪʲôҪֶеǰȫƼ˵ģǮԪʤҳϸж֤ҳǴʺŵġ
еǮԪʤû̸ȥˣ֮Լ˵ȥֻԼ̣ԼȥĥȥɣˣûٺǮԪʤʲôˣȥȫɽɣʱҪʡƲᷢشı仯
ǰɣԼȥȥҿ˼׬Ǯˣϵ㲻ȥ𣿲ȥ˽𣿵Ǵˣ漸˵ǮԪʤһʱЩ±ơ


1424 ¥ܰ
ǮԪʤְձˣǱȻ飬ǮԪʤͬ⣬һοҶƽ˹ͬ۸ͷжô⣬ȫɽŴнӣնûκġ
ȻȫɽϵǶ˾ΪôµҲ޼£û㹻ɣ˵ֻοҶƽ˸еУջ𲻵ʲôãõİ취ͬ⣬ͬǮԪʤ־ϽǮԪʤְ
Ȼ˶о˴µͬѰǮԪʤΪίǣʡĵλܸߣΪһҪĵؼУίһְ϶˸ʡĸλȻ˴εֻƽȻͬһ
һ˻ǣԴҶƽ֮οҶƽ˵粻ͬҴҶҶƽǱʡˣǴʡ϶˲ģֻǲ֪˭᲻˭֡
һǮԪʤˣˣھҪˣ
ҵĲ²ⶼǿһЩһЩ²⣬϶޷ڲ֪飬ǴҵĲ²ҲȫûиݵģϾǹٳˣһЩ黹űȽĿģҶƽһʶοչ󿪷ŴĸȻת乤磬Ҷƽο˶»Щָ򱾵عٳ
ָ򱾵عٳͬʱҶƽο˵ȻҲַͨʽ߸˵ȻǵԼĸȻʡίʡͨȨߣһôҿҶƽο˶ʵ֮ˣ̽ʿԴ˷ǳӭͬʱȺҲǸе˱ȽϽӽȺڣûмӣҶƽȥкӣУ
Щڸ濴һֲ֣Ҷƽοڹ֣ͬͺñΧһһۣӣֻܵͣԱ߿ڲӣⶼθְȲֵһ̶ȣȻҪƾֻ֣˾֣ܳ׸ı̵ƣһľ֡
һƣعٳǸûΪģΪֻڲ֣ĳһˣͺñһܴʹ㿴ˣΣǸܵģΪһ˭
ǮԪʤһƾˣ濴һ㣬ԲŻǮԪʤ˵ǮԪʤȻûпһ㣬ΪվλͬվȫʡλǮԪʤվڶеλվλͬ뷨ǲͬˣӶеλ뿪ڴʡλﲻõġ
ǮԪʤֻӣ֣ʵȫɽҲֻ֣֣Ҷƽοˣһ̴壬ҪôǿͣҪôӣҪΪ֣Ҫûʸ
Ҷƽ֮ҪοɵǮԪʤְ񣬱Ҫ֣ڰǮԪʤʡó־ǰȥ־ȥ֮ȻǰҪһЩ飬ӶѶطκãκöͬʱȻͻӰ쵽ʡһЩˡ
ǣһȫҶƽο˶ĸ֣ҵһ¸ڣ׵ö࣬ǮԪʤԸ뿪Уһڶв
ֵ֮ǮԪʤŻеЩʧ䣬Ͼڶô꣬ͻȻȥҲЩ˸а
Ҫǵİ칫ʱͻȻеûһִȨյĸоˣڶһۿȥȫǾֳʲôģѹѹһƬȺЩ˶Ҫӵ£أֻһЩʲôģж٣мῴɫ£ֻᰴͰ﹤ţȥôͽڶҪͽĹԱ̫̫࣬࣬ǲడ
Ψһеοǣ뿪˶֮һЩìܻ뿪ڣìû¥ܰɣǰȥλӵĳ־ϳܰɡ
־ϵ˶֮Զ־棬¥ΪûнǣȻԳ־ϵĵӭһ¥ڶиô꣬Χۼ˲ˣҪվȽŸûʡίʡȫ֧ǲܵģһ¥һǶ˴ѹίʱ򣬻¥Ȼٵʮӣ
־ʮӣ¥ſʼŻ¥ǸƤЦⲻЦӣ־ϸеίǲôõģ
־ٿ飬оڹ⣬¥һǸһ⣬԰Сβ̣öȺڶϷ£
¥ôһ־ϲ֪ʲô壬һʱû̬ǻ¥ȴǱ̬Ҫ鴦СĿ̣ȻûȺڽн
¥ţ־ûа취ֻñ̬ٲͷҵǢͰѿ̸ץ
⻰һ˵ڶ죬ֵ˾Ͱѿ̸ץסˣ̵ıǮԪʤӣץ˿̣͵ڴǮԪʤ־һдǰǮԪʤˡ
ǮԪʤǵǮԪʤڶ־гĵһо˻¥ĵˡ
־º֪֮ͷʮߣ¥̫ˣȻ˵¥ڶб˽г£ȻԻ¥ķŭˡ
ŭŭҪа취ԸУȻкûԼİףЩɲȫǮԪʤ뻨¥εģҪγԼİףҪһ̲УҪ꣬⻹ֹ۵Ĺƣ¥зԵĻһҲһռơ
ڸ֮ܵ󣬳־ϱǵҶƽ߿࣬ѶеҶƽ㱨һ飬ԭΪȥ˶Դչֽŵģû뵽Ȼ֪ĻȥϤ
־ϹҶƽ֪ʲô˼ڳ־ȥ˶֮ṵ̂ų־ϸʲôֻϤԼȶԶе˽⣬ĸܣܴʹȥһЩ顣
ڳ־ˣҶƽȻ֪ˡ־ϰһ㱨Ҷƽؿۣ˵Զ˽˰ɣ
־ϵ˽ĲˣȽϸӣԶĸӵĶ࣬ҶʡһҸôأ
Ҷƽ˿˵г˵շ糱ֱǰȥģȻҪ¹򣬵ֻס飬ô϶Ϊշ糱ȫ۵أſ͹۵ԭŤת͹۵ԭǺѵģ㻹ܲȥŤתҪס
ҶƽĻ־ĥһ£ƶǶǻæ˵ͷҶʡ˼ˡ


1425 Ե
־Ȼ˵Ҷƽ˼ǲ֪һôȥŤתշ糱ô׵£ǿ֧֣ܿŤתĻûи꣬ܵõı䡣
ȻǳĿ꣬ǰǣ¥ѳźܶȨίǣʹҪöеĹҪѻ¥߲У
ҶƽοɵаӵʱȴûôȻʧοҶƽ˵ҶƽѾеܸмˣʲôҪ
־ȻЩãȻĿ⣬Ҷƽؿһ˵־ͬ־еȻڵշ糱Ǹȴǲڵշ糱ЩеĲҵһֱߵͶ·ߣ취ת֪Ϊʲô𣿡
־ûпǹ⣬ǻشҶʡûпǹֻ֪תʶʧһΣֻеˡ
־شҶƽ˵ͷһֻעصͶ˲ҵķչôĽֻ䣬һоԲֻһЩͶ˲ҵ֧űɳķչǰʵͶʹãȷʵչĺܿ죬ȻŴͶʧʾþļӾ磬ЩͶ˲ҵԽԽֻǳŲסƲˣͶʧһչƣ㲻Զӵзǳ۵ͶǱȻ޷⣬ΨһԱҪͶʧʱʵֲҵȻȥ˶Ӳ󣬾ǸоȱķΧֽԣҵͶˣ˵˼ҲͶˣȻСĳлзչǰ;еƷλ·չǵĲҵ߶˷չЩСҲͶȴû߽߽ҹܻᣬϴԡģַȣ󲻿ûУǾԲóΪеƬóʴе飬ֻд֣ⷽöʵһĹҪζзĵĻƶĶⷽҪʡ֧֣һᰲʡͬ־Эץ
Ҷƽһ־϶ʱȻҶʡҵö˼·ˣ֮Իңģ˵˼룬˼ңɲ˼ҲңǶЩϰΪĻôӣͶ˵ĲҵֻܲڵͶ˵ĻΪʲôЩ귢չôãؼԴ裬ʱתⷽǲ̫ԶûмǿԴ裬ԽԽ·Ȼǲֹˣһȥ֮󣬾뷨顣
Ҷƽ־׹֮󣬺ŻԣǶ˵ϣҪע⻨г
Ҷƽ˵гֵʱ򣬹ĺأó־ʲô˼־ҲˣΪҶƽǰһ㲻ƺ¥Ϊгǻֱӳƺ¥֣Ҷƽ˵Ȼ˵Ҳ֪¥ıƵġ
ҶʡҲ֪г־¶һ΢Ц˵
Ҷƽ˿һҽħָľĻǳԴһ֣ݺݵزһӣҪҲҪⱳıɡС飬ºʡģúõһ¶еĳ󣡡
ҶƽĻ־ϸеҶƽҪԶеǳˣֻҪʡͷӣʹڶѣҲûʲôŻ¥һ죡
־ϻȥ֮󣬾׼Ҷƽ޴ģҶƽڰ참ҲŷḻĹ飬ֻҪҶƽ¾£϶ܳɹġ
Ҷƽ֮ҪѡΪͻƿڣڶеʱ⣬ͬʱҲΪеֳվסŵģֻҪָ˺ѹб绤ֻܰнӣֻҪӣ׵õ
ȻҶƽҪ»Ÿε⣬ʱͳ־˵ǣʡĲ⣬ֻҪ־һжƾͻ˿ˡ
־ϻȥ˰ô죬ĹֳԭǮԪʤˣҲܵ¥ǱˣҪչûץְ
죬о鲢ôð죬Ȼ˵ֱڻϲǰź֮˲£ǺŪʲô壿ҪЧؽдУȻȴе̫֣
׸ô죿־˰죬ûͻȻ֮䣬뵽ҶƽصħָľĻҪ֣
ȻһźĹϵ֣¸һ׵£һ룬žһ¡
־ϾҶƽѧϰ뵽еһһĻŹֵʱ˵¹Ӧ¡
뵽־ϵϣǴһһԺͬҶƽһǳˮǳ֡
־񣬳־뵽ЩҵĲ״һԱȣ֮𰡣һζչЩˣ˭Ͷʵҵһȥȥˡ
˳Ժ󣬳־Žȥʲôأ˽ûС϶С㣬ȥһ˵϶Ҳûð
뵽־һ߽һ˻֮󣬱ǿһĻ֦չŮӭſˡ
֮ЩŮǱǴ־ϵǷţǲҪ־ϣ𻵳־ϵ쵼
˧磬߰ȥһģСų־ĸ첲εε˵
һᣬһᣬϴ裡־ϵӦš
ǿһϴԧԡСЦţһŮ˵߳ܶûС
һһǲҪ飬飬ܲ˵ģ־ϵ黹ӦţɲҪСģҪģԿһģȻó־Ϊίǣ飬һ⣬̫󣬵ǳ־ϼôҲֻзӡ
־ϵĿСѾȫĵزȴˣֱӳˡ
ͷǶһֻҪѹһЩץסֻǵ¶Ļпܹһ
ڴЩʱ򣬳־ͻȻиŮԱһѵһ־ϲɵ˹ȥ
Ǹʲôģ£־һӽŮǸӾǶݺݵؿ˵
û뵽ôᣬ־ϸû˵ŮΪʲôޣǸʲôģҪŮ


1426 ʮǮ
һ־׷Ů飬ɫһԱεĴ󺺣־ǰһվҪҪ߳־һͷ
־ϵ鼱æ˹ڳ־ǰᣬᣬϴˣ
־ȻѾίˣӻǱȽϵļϵͣԵײȺͬܶ࣬Ů֮ͬУʱԼҹֲܻɹ֮أδ󺺣һ죬⼸δǰʲô
⼸δһ־ϻǸʲôһδ˳־˳־һѣһӾͰѳ־ϸһģûڵأ
ôˣ־ϵ̻ˣ־ϱϾίǣЩ˹죬ȻҴίǣί൱ʲô൱ڹȥ֪ˣҴ֪ˣҪڹŴûˣ
ôŲҲһ򣬶£δ˳˳־һѣ־Ͼᣬһ£ȥ־ϡ
ӴǣǲֵǸϣݺݵش򣡡һδһӣһϣҪ־顣
˭ҹίĳǣ˭ҶȻ֮ǰ־ϷԸҪ¶ݣǴʱ־ϵеٲ¶ݣ־Ͼпܰ򣬱쵼岻ݴǵΣʱҲٹôˡ
־ϵôһУȻһʱ֮üδס֣ղվŮǰǸʾһ⣬תʵղ˵ʲôٸ˵һ飡
־ϴʱѾվȽŸ⼸ˣðһһס¶ˣæʾһ⣬־ϵһæĿڵ˵ǲˣ
˭˵ˣץҹĶ£ָų־Ϻ
־ϽʶЩ˵ˣ֪ҹܻжôţˣû˱ţǸˣǸŮǳС᲻ⱻǿ
ȥ绰ֹۣϴ˹־СԸһ¡
ϰô죿־ϵʵ
־ϵû£ȥǵģֹ۰Сʱ֮ڸϹ
־ϵ˳ȥ־Ƕ˵ֻŮûбͼôôУ
ӿ־Ϻ̹Ȼֺ˵ЩһûйϵʲôҪ£ץ
־ЦЦû˵Ҫ£ҹѵģŮú˸еɰѵܺ˵˵𣿡
һ˵ˣֵģʲôֱȥǵģҪ棬Ե¥ȥ
ӾԻǺܸߵģΪŮǸոմŪģӿԸ⣬ԲŻ־˵ӵȻͬ⣬һɳ־£ŶԱŻ־һ¡
־ϿԷŮӴһ˵ҳǮһĺòã
ܳǮʮǮߣʨӴ󿪿ڣŮԸӿͣ־Ըʮ飬ǿ
־֮ȻҲǳһܿ侲صԣûǮղҵ飬ȥǮˣ֧㡣
飿㻹飿ֵʵ
־ϵĶԷٻԼݣ˵ҵܣܵȻġ
ʮǮһֶ٣СʱǮʲôǮʲôʱ졣Ӻݺݵɨ˳־һۺ˵
־ϵڲˣһ£ðСʱʮӾͿԡ
Ů̫ᣬֻ֪־ϴӦ֧ʮǮѵһ仰ţȻδ󺺿Լתˡ
˲Сʱйֳֹħָľҹܻᣬżӣ֪־ͻȻȥҹֱܻ֮Ӹһ־ȥǸطʲôȥҪȥĻԼȥҹܻ̫ˣôأ
־ĵ绰֮һᣬô룬ǱҪȥҹܻģ־ίǣ뻨¥ĹϵٺãҪίǵ쵼Ȼ־ȫĹֳһְ
ٵֹ۱Ǽæħָľ֮ſڱǼ־ϵ飬æʵ飬ô
־ϵ鲻ûش𣬱˵ǿһŮǹʣ˭֪ˣץȥɣóǳ˿
ֹһæ˽ȥ־ϵ鿴ۣҲ˽ȥֹֻ˵ˣҺЩ˲ûٶԳ־ϲֻ˳־һѡ
ֹ۽ȥ֮һ־ϣǼ߼ǣô⣿
ֹۺ󣬳־ϱ־ֳûдʮǮ
ֹһϱһ˵ûǮûҪǮ
־ϵ㿴ûУǸأϰ˵һʮǮͿԴߣϧǮô죿
ֹһЩͷˣ־ϲŻʮǮҪŮɣĻҲ̫Ǹ˰ɡԺͷֻһ뵽ܣŮأ־棿ӲϹ
ǣ⵽ô°ֹʵ
ǰɣ־ָָεĴ󺺡
һεĴ󺺣ֹһǾң
δҲʶֹۣǿֹƣȳ־ˣ˺üӣȻֻǱ£һǲͬѰĽɫҲ־ֹ֮以Ǻ;ֳǹϵˡ
棬һᣬֻˣֻǸ֪˭Ȼġ
ǵȵһæ߹־ãôпչ
ֹ۲ʶȴǼֹֹۣһǺԼ־ֳϲǱɫ־վԱߣһĻô룬æǾ
¥ϣ־ȥæͷص
˵֮ת¥ϽоˣֹתԳ־ϵǣǹЩֳ򽻵طҶüˣȫһЩش󰸼ҲԹС
ֹ۹˵־ϽһǸʶԼ飬־ϸղŵĻȻˣʱֹ۽ͣüͷһ˵滹ģ
ֹϵӣʲô˶Уʲô¶ᷢù
ǹԴ˶գ־϶ֹһʵ
ֹһɵصգգһֱעһЩΰϵص㣬գҲӦһЩͻ鰡


1427 
ֹҪڳ־ǰֳܳɫӣ־ȴǿʼħָľûйϵ£һʱ֮䵱Ȼֳֻܱһ£ûж˵ʲô
һ¥һֹۣǾϲ֣æ߹Ҫֹ֣æʾһɫ˵Ǿ
һƲͷæĿڵҾǣ
ֹ󣬱ʵŮô£
һǸŮһת˵ǸյϰģЩӦ־ֳǿطӪ
ȥ޹˽ֹۿԼ־ֳǶһ۵Ū˼С޿ģûд˼С
æ˵ûУûУûУ־ƽʱټǿᣬҪĶϸһҪطӪΥ£Ƕμסġ
˾Ļֹתȥͳ־϶ǣô
־ϷʵôҰйǱ绤ģҪµģҪ
ΪϷܰѳ־ϸɻأû뵽־ϸһףҪ˴ߵˡ
ǣҰСߵ԰ɣֹһ룬ʳ־ϵ
־һһ۵ֻССܰ𣿡
־ϵһҲ˵־֣ղ˲ѳǸƵڵأֻСﲻװɣ
û뵽£ֹæʵ˭ô󵨣ˣϰץ
ֹһ־ϵһָ
־ϵָָδ󺺣δ󺺴ʱɵɵվ֪ô£Ƕ£ڳʲô£ǿǲ֪ôģһжϰġ
һ־ָ˹ȥֹ۱̻˻ҪǸδ󺺸ߣδֹΪʲôҪץ
ֹҲûһҲȥһ¹֣Ҫ顣һֹֻ۵ķԸǰ֡
־ϿһĻһʱû˵ֹ۹ʲôָʾҲûж˵ʲôҪȻȥ
־ϲٽʲôֹ۱ҲˣСﻹоǸδ󺺣ʱûдߣҪĻٴ绰֪ͨǹȥ
־ϻȥ֮ĵڶ죬ٿίίᣬίǲ֪˺£ίң˻֮󣬾ǿ־˻ңǳ֪࣬ʲô¡
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ֹȴһЩģе־ȥĿĲ˵ʲô¶ڲˣǰ־ϽأֻǺŪһ£Ӧ־أ
¥һָʾӦһ¾ˣҲûܵʲô˺ˣôĴ󻷾Ҫ̫š
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¥֪飬ǲ֪־Ͻٿίᣬ᲻йأ֮ǿ־ʵǣôٿίʲô°
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һԱˣ־ϴ˻ϻӣɤӣ˵ǰ˵ط޺ֱһţ֮ˣʲô޺񣬲˵ֻʲôڰ棬ƫȫǵᣬ˵ڷıźܶĳ󣡡
־Ͻʱ᳡һۣĳίĮȻ֪ΪʲôͻȻᵽ⣬ĿʲôͻȻʲôΪʲôó־ͻȻĸпأ
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־ûжɫǼ˵ЩʲôţǾǶб鲼ȫеĻҹܻᡢϴԡĵȵȴźֳܶЩĺǴȥһһħָľĻЩСǴ¶ǵ·һЩ§§ŮڴʲôͲֱ˵˰ɣеѾˣ
־һ˵µĳίͿʼֹˣ벻־ȥȫĻħָľ˵¥ȥǵûʲôеȣǳ־ϸȥˣһ﹫˳ǾЩЦˡ
ֻǳ־ϵһЦݶûУ־ģŻҪĻ
־̧ͷֿ˴һۣ˵ǲǶȥħָľеְҸо֣Ǿ˵Ҷʡίʡؾûʶ͸ʡίǺʡҶʡҪ쵼ɲҪᳵ»˽ߺȺ·ߣҲһȺ·ߣֻǵصЩͬЩ˸еУҾЧֻȥõĵطȥųĵط쵼ɲͻΪͯеˣˡ˴ȥ֮󣬲ˣһܵˣΪίǣȥһ˻Ŀ˳󣬶һ˸һ£ûˤڵأԻҶˣҵʱҲֻܳסǻ֣Ǯãûзĳͻճֹͬ־ҿһĵطʲôطĵطǣĴӪһҲûջһŮҿǱϰģڹڵ£ôǰȳˣаͬ־ǣ
־ϽϷʲôˣ־ϲȥħָľһ˸ˣҽһŮЩ̫˼飬ȷʵģ


1428 
־ϰ⻰һ꣬ĳίǲ֪˵Щʲô˽¿ʼʱ¥ڵǣ㲻˵ǻ治֪£Ҫദڻûе꣬ҲҪȹֵܶ԰һ״ڲҲӦԹֵΪ׼Ƕзչô꣬ϻǳɼΪȻ̶ͬȴڣӦǴҪģ˵޺ƺ׵ɣĨǶеģǣίǣӦ۶ϵġ
¥˳־ϵ̬ᷨ־Բͬĳίһ۾ǿˣղž;˻̣ڿȻ˰
־ϲ²⵽¥ᷴԼΪһ¥ͣϵһЩţҲһֱҪҶƽҪѶеĻƶĶˣ¥
ⲻĨڶУҲĨڲˣϷչǺܺõģȡ˺ܴĳɼģҲܷĴڣҶƽʡһǸҪʶԸԴΪµһʲôҲûУǲܵģھҪ⣬ֻҵ⣬ܽ⣬ƶչڵҵշ糱ЩңȻڻûкܺõĴʩ飬ܽ飬νأǾҪ⣬⣬ˣͻõԲеĴССϰкܶ࣬һǮ֮ûȥûתȫܵЩɹֳˣһǵĳڵףһ棬ǵֳȴʮԭǴ˶GDPŻε񣬻ƶĶģѾ˲ܲεʱˣҪڿʼչΪµɨƴǻίǣͷй취ԼίȫζеĳöеỷűãǵĸɲȺоӦԵǰڵҵշ糱ֻҪǼо򹥼սʲôҲѹǣ
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¥һ룬־ճеĵһѻˣֻѻյҪ֪дֲҵҲǺöˣҴ˾õķչΪǰĵշ糱ѩϼ˪
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鿪Ժ󣬻̻ȥֹĵؽ˹ȥԸһֹȥ־ϿоԺȥһʡǣҶƽ㱨һ£һҶƽʲô
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־ͬ־ҲθУȫ֧㣬еܸӣҪд־ս׼ȿչţͷҰʡȥսһҪγһѹƣЩѹǣע⹫ֵĶ飬һҪ뷨ץסҪµˣ㷢ʲô⣬ʱϱܸ˰죬;ϣίšҶƽ룬Գ־˵
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ҶʡҲƸ۵ľģ¥ͬ־ڻһ˰죬ջҸ˵ˣ˭ȥֳ󣡡־ϰѻ¥ҲҶƽһ¡
Ҷƽͷ˼һ˵־ͬ־ҪŽһ£¥Ҳһ£ٻþ߸ӿѧֻҪ߶ˣ˶ҪִУִǾû֯ԣǾԲģȥԺ󣬰صʱʡίʡЭصĹ
ҶƽĻ־ϸеҶƽػǺܲ󣬻¥ʲôˣҶƽҲģǻҪŽᣬԽʱԽҪŽᣬʡ쵼쵼ίǿ⻹ǲۣվλǲߡ
ҶʡһȥԺصģʲôҼʱ㱨־ضҶƽ
Ҷƽһ۵ͷǻ㱨һ£Ҳ֪£ȡ֧֡
־֧²ŵȥίǵģοʡίǣ־Ϊίȵ㱨ǸеοģҲҪο㱨һ¹źʣȻοɲ֪£ǿǲá
־̵˵ͷҶƽοɵĹϵܺãܵõλʡίʡҪ쵼֧֣ڶʲô¥ٴı£Ҳ󲻹Ҷƽοˣ¥иƻֻǰʯͷԼĽţõκεĺô


1429 
ҶƽڼȨʱҲҪͨٽʡھõķչǣһЩɲǰʡ
οΪУҶƽżегʡֱŷְܲһȥ¥ΪԱҲһȥ
¥Ǻ֮ˣ˵ȥȻǺܸˣҶƽŪôһţʡߣ߽ʺͷһԪȫȥˡ
߽ʡ鳤Ҷƽ֮ˣоҵģȥһ¼ʶҲбҪģԪרְ飬ȻҲҪȥˡ
ʺʣҪ쵼ڼģԱȴɵĶ࣬ԪͷȻҲǱȽϸˣһжʮһ
¥егһ𣬸̸ۣǸˣҶƽﲻЦһ£˴γȥԼڣ־ڶи㼯Σûĳ⣬ܹٵĹ˴βģǺһ룬Ҳкôġ
ɻŦԼӻĳеص¹Ա⣬һӰӳҶƽϵõģûϵãҲط
ҶӭٴһҶƽס֣洺硣
ּˡҶƽЦ˵
ǰҶƽ֮Իʣ밮ϵˣҪͨҵͶʣһҪͶʸ߿Ƽҵڵ񲿳ڼγɵıûȻ޷ﵽĿġ
¹Աӻʡ칫ϵĽ¹ԱҲ֪Ҷƽ˵ҶƽҲǹӻðҶƽһиźá
н𷢱۵ŮҶƽ¥ǿŻĶʱֱûоҶƽϲŮ˵飬벻ڹ⻹ͷ
¥֮󣬲ǰЦҶƽȻ֪֮󣬱齵صһұݡ
ҶƽҪ¹ԱЭ£¹ݵĴƵٿһȰ飬Ϊ۶˺ܶ࣬ȰعͶʴҵһܺõ顣
ٿ飬ڰЭ£ٿһҵҿ̸ᣬҵҽ̸ǵ۶Ͷʡ
Ƕһ񲿳Դңһˣֻǵط׳Ȼ޷Ĵټˡ
Ҷƽ밮̸˰죬ʱһ˷ܣҶƽİ̫ˣ֮˷ܣ֮ǰӵҶƽĵ绰ҪʱҲʮּģ̴ӦҶƽϷɹ̸¡
һҶƽи飬һ棬ҲҶƽ¶עΪҶƽ·ԶϣҶƽڻһķչô˸õԴƶȫʵʩ
ЩˣѾʴӣϣڻģҪֻ֧ȫһãҶƽһҪص
Ҷƽܵϵļ飬밮̸ʱŬԼ飬ȻпðǹӼȼˡ
ҶԺ׼ᵽȥסȥ𣿡һ˫۾ϵضҶƽ˵
ҶƽЦðӭ㵽ȥ
ҲЦһĺΣҶƽоʱͻĵСƵģҲɬʱţ
ڶ죬Ҷƽû뵽ǣ˼ͨȻˣûȥϵ˼ͨǿ˼ͨ˵רŹˣֻ˽˼棬ǹٷϵĽӴ
뵽˼ͨԼ֮ĽҶƽعԼ棬˵Щʲôһ룬ҶƽǼʷ˵Ҫ֧֡
Ҷּˡ˼ͨҶƽһӵҶƽ⧲˸о̫ţŮ
þûҶƽ΢Цŵ
˰ɣ˼ͨЦŶҶƽ
Ҷƽһ֪ʲô⣬ûֱӻش˵ôʱҰ
˼ͨЦҶƽ˵ˣҪǲһǵĴ֮Ҷ˴ʲôҪɣ
ҶƽҲûʲôҪ£ֻŹҵ̸һ̸ǵǻȥͶȥ
˼ͨһЦǺ°ڻĵ̻ܶ࣬ŻкܶԸȥͶʵġ
û뵽˼ͨôʹ죬ԭ̸еʱûֺ̬ȡҶƽаһ£˵Ҳ֧ǵȥͶʣ
˼ͨͻȻСصʵɣҲ׼ǻȥͶʣ
ҶƽһһڿǹҵĲ
˼ͨҵļҵҪȥѰһЩ̻Ҷ㻶ӭӭ
û뵽˼ͨļͥҵҪȥҶƽæ˵ӭǳӭȥĵĻǸӭˡ
˼ͨЦҶƽĵʵרŹҶƽʵϾΪļҵ뻪гģڳιְù̸⣬뵽Ҷƽ̸ãҶƽһչǼģΪڻ񲿳ֻܵģñ֪
Ҷƽ֪ǣ棬˱ҪСһЩ˼̸ͨʱҲǷʲôıƣ̸̸ֿ˼ͨҵȥͶʣȻЭˡ
˼ͨļҵͶʵĿܶ࣬ۿźöҵѾܵȥѰ̻ˣҵȻûǰȥ⽫ʧȥ׳ǼҵĴûᣬ˿ļҵȥġ
ҶƽضҶƽǵط׳˽½ȡҶƽ֧֡
Ҷƽһջ񣬲ܿ˼֮֮ͨǰôֻҪԸȥͶʣǾǻӭģֻҪ˼ͨڻҵ棬άʱͻй˼ɣԻǺ£ֻǶҲ
˼̸֮ͨҶƽ룬Ҫڽһ£ר¹ݵͬ־Ӵһ£аϢ߸ǣڱ档
Ҷƽ촦飬ϣҶƽôҷһ£ĩҲɻһ¡
¥ʱûʲô飬ϸûʲô˱ųȥˣһ˳ȥû˼Ҹһȥ
뵽ԪΪԪҶƽ飬Ҷƽһȥˣһ¸飬Ҷƽ֮Ĺϵǽһ
һ뵽ˣ¥ȥԪԪڷ£Ҷƽ£ôҷɣûпȥ֮Աڷ￴ţ˵ҶƽȻôҷɣ˵ҲԶ롣


1430 Ԫ˼
¥Ԫķ䣬ȥתתͻ˹ҪӣȻڱ̫ˡ
ڷȷʵҲû£һ¥ԭĹϵϤΪԭǷ飬¥ͽģҶƽ飬¥ҲŰͽҶƽƽʱҲ᲻¶Ի¥ĲҲ֪ģ˻¥ǺӴˡ
ڻ¥ֱķƴǣ͸Ż¥ȥˣһСʲô
¥֮󣬱һγǰԪһһˣһǳƺ¥Ϊг¥ǽΪ顣
Ԫ˿о˺ܾܿڶо̵ϰ壬Ϊܸоûֳڴȵʣһһ
гȥ棿ϰ򻨽¥ʵ
¥һ˵ȥԷ
˾һȥĻĲԷԪҲܳԵʳͷǸоǳģֻǲ֪컹Ҫȥ档
ܿǳ˷¥ԪԪҴȥһĵط׼»ػ
Ԫһ˵гطʲôģǳķ羰ͲˣҪʲô
¥ЦŵеǾͲˣҪûеġ
ԪгγҪʵģҪɣҶʡ֪϶ġ
Ԫȥӣ¥ϵܣڶǴģôˣ
¥һԪˣΪڶͻ¥һ³ڻ¥һɻе졣
гǹȥˣ㻹ǸʲôԪͬʱЩ˵ضԻ¥
¥˿ǻǺøģڸҶʡǧ˷ʡʲôҪϸ˵źá
Ԫһ¥һӱˣо¥ô򵥣ҪֻǲԸ˳ӣ¥ȻͻЩˡ
гй飬ʲô˵ǵģҪҵܼΧ֮ڣԪ˵
¥ֱˣǰһȥȻ˵ϵܣҶʡʲôûУ
¥һʵ£ԪǸеΪˣΪ¥Ҫæȴ飬ҶƽһЩ飬ǾǱҶƽˣ
гЩʲôҶʡܶ࣬Ҹææȥģ֪ЩûáԪæԻ¥˵
Ը⽲¥ϵܣҲ֪Ҷʡ飬Ҿ֪Զкʲô뷨ûʲô־ϵ˶вãǸɨɨǣǶҵģ֪ûʡıҶʡûʲô֪ǸҶʡģҶʡ϶֪֪Ҷʡʲô̬ȣ
¥˵ĺֱӣ֪Ҷƽڶɨƴϵ̬ȣԼҶƽ˶ʲô
ԪȻ֪Ҷƽô־ϰŵģ֪־ʡҹҶƽҶҲ֪ҶƽԻ¥ӡôãҶƽʡίһֵĻͽˣֻʡٽ¥ˡ
Ԫôһ룬ǶԻ¥гҶʡ־֮ô˵ģ֪쵼̸֮ô֪أҶʡɨƴʲô̬ȣҹ۲죬û˵ʲôȷĻɨƴǺ£ĸ쵼ɣгǲ̫ˣ־Ǹ£ģ㲻Ҫġ
¥һңϵܣϸڹٳô꣬ʲôû򲻿棬ͨ˳ٸңֶΣֲǼֻ̫߹ԼˣоôķչѾγɲҵˣƾһܰ㶨Ҵ˴γڼض뿪֮ʹЩֶΣֶҲûóѵģϵҶʡߣðҹ۲һЩҶʡʲô̬һҪһʱңȻǸҶʡǲҪꣿҪҪԼײף
˻¥ĻԪͷһ¥ˣԼģͻʹóֶѹȥ¸¶
гϽˣȻ֪ͨģİɣԪæ򻨽¥ʾ
Ļ󣬻¥ЦЦȻǽȥһ£һĳ˵ǳһȥ档
ԪæֵҲ̫ܳˣ̫ãҶʡҲңҿ϶ģǳԶٷһķ羰Ϳˡ
¥СģЦЦǺðɣСϵܣܵǰ̣һȥ
¥Ԫصıݣð͸һ۱ǿԪ뻨¥һ
ûж룬Ԫ˱֮󣬱߽Լķ䣬ñ˿ص֮ͷżҵ˼붷
ڿףΪ֪¥·ͬСɣ¥Ҫ֮ǰû¥˰ѱȫܾ¥ŪһٱίһͣȻüίץʡǵˡ
Ҷƽ뻨¥ͨſһҶƽ֪Ҷƽ϶ʧȥεģ黹ǲð졣
ҪҪ¥ҶƽҶƽҶƽܾͻϿҳϣû¥֪ˣ¥϶һͻðѱ¡һ¥ҲһҶƽڸ۶ʱ϶̫ģһҶƽߣǿˣҪǡ
ڷѰ˼˰죬Ҳûϣһ¥ͻȻִ绰Ҷƽûʣʵ̽ģԪæûС¥һЦŵ֪û㣬Ǿٳȥˡ
Ԫ˵绰뻹ôҸȥ棬ͷҪЮ
רȥ˷ķһˣһ棬ǶԷ˵Сʲôʱ򻹳ȥˣջ
Ԫȥˣʵ˭ȥˣ
ҵҿǶг¥Ϊ֪ء
֪ûиңСôͻ¥һˡ
ҵҶʡǲǶܲ⣿
൱⣬ֻһʱûţǮԪʤˣʡûλðŻ¥Ҳ밲ʲôλӣ⡣
ˣ˵ԭӣСһô£Ҷʡ飡
һʱû˵оԪĻȫҶƽ


1431 ֹ
Ԫ˼ûȥҶƽ߷㱨£ʱ˰ұԺͷʱһЩֻҪԪı֣һԪ᲻ԪܸôҲˣôҪҶƽһҳϵҶƽߣĻҶƽĺöͻᱻȥˡ
ҶƽžٿȰ̸ᣬҪǸ۶ʡˣ˵ϼˣҶ˹һеҲ˹Ҷƽ档
ҶƽǺҲǷǳˣ磬Ҷ֣˵ڵ¡
İ죬һǽ˸۶ʡڵĺߣӭǻؼҴҵͶʡ
һĻȷ֮еǳȤ˸۶һЩҶƽǽ˽ǶĿѧңŻصڸʵҵⷽûкõߡ
ҶƽһǸǣֻҪǻعһʵԸ۶ڽתҪһЩ߿ƼĿֻҪǻȥһ߶ǣṩҪĶչ߿ƼĲҵ
֮ӦͷͻعһϵҶƽȫԣӭǵ۶ֱϵ
ȻȤĲֻλķ򸾣һЩһʵҵңŻгҲŻعͶʣҶƽʣʵĸϸ
ҶƽЩȰ̸ŻһЩˣǮԪʤǮԪʤȻҲˣֻҶƽȰ̸¥һҲˡ
λȥĴڿȥϵõĺܣʱؽͷӶ˵ŻԪԶȴһصӣһۿȴüͷ壬Сӵڶûиأ˵¥һ𣬲֪ʲô
̸һ磬ǩԼٹҶƽһԱϸ̸֮ǳһ㷹
磬ҶƽͣЩȰǽе̸̸һЩǷǳĵ⣬˼Ȼ̫࣬Ҳջˡ
λķ򸾾عҵͶʣҶƽǣǣֻҪȥһȫ֧ǡ
Ȱ̸֮ҶƽҵҾп̸ᣬЩҵҵ۶ȥͶʡ֯ټЩ˵ıǰǣߴŵãҶƽһǷǳ˵ӭȥ
¥һҶƽ밮ȵӵһͷǾҶƽҲӲŮ˵ģȻû˵Ҷƽʲôţڿ밮һӣҶƽҲûŮˡ
¥Լ۹˵ģһʵԸʡ֯ģûа취
ҶƽȰϣȽʣڰҵҲйˣҶƽרŵ˵¥ͬ־ǶڼҪоתͣҪģȡһЩ߿ƼҵȥͶʡ
Ҷƽˣ¥ںˣֻ뵽һ˵ͶʣҶƽ˵ʲôҲû
ȻҪʣʵ˼ڶǱߣйֳֹһֱϵΪĳ֮󣬳־ϸʲôС
־Ȼɨƴǹֹ۵ԴȡЧԣħָľûб⡣ڵǸŮʱûʵǣ־ϻ㱨ʱǸŮûʲôԩֻǻǿˣڱʲôµ飬ǸŮѾ뿪˶ˡ
־һȻŭӣȻֱǸŮˣǸıδҲǺܿų˵һᣬҲûж˺
־ϵûˣǸŮֹ۰ô£
־ϷǳˣǷٴĻҲûˣ൱ڴ¥֮ǰ˵Ҫȵ֮ڿģһֹһţڻ¥ֹһܵ⡣
ħָľûеŮڱǿôͲܲҹܻҲǲò⣬ǶȽϣѡִһǵĲġ
־ϲ飬ȫûйչҪ鼸ӣ˱ǰѽͷһЩСϴͷǸ鴦һЩЩϴͷڵ͵Ƴ鴦ǻûʲôЩ˱֮󣬸ͷٴְҵ
Ըٸͷµģֱ۵͵ֳٽ˴ֳʧŮ࣬ǿЩֳľ
־ϵҪͬƽĺֻһƯʯǽ𼸶˻ѣ֮⣬ûпʲôˣ־ŴһҶƽҪѶдŵֳڿûκεЧ
ȵ¥һ뿪ǰп죬־ҶƽϵҶƽʡ¸ʽϵйֳֹ۸°ʡһͬ־ζйֳ
¸ֹ۵ĹϵǳΪֹ۲ǴʡȥĹֳǵǮԪʤ뻨¥˴ӱعĹֳҶƽһţȻ־ϵȻͬ⻻ȻŹڲǰְ
Ż¥ûл־ܿչȻڹ˹ֵĹΪֹ۵׼ίҲˣֹ۵Ĺǳ⣬ɨƴǹһֱûκɫٱ˵ǲ٣˲ٴڹֳôҪĸλϣҪʡҪֹ۸ߡ
ί֮ĬȻȻֹ֪۹Ǵʱ¥ڹ⣬Ҫֹ۵ĻҪҪȵ¥
־֪Щ˵ǣȻгһҪ£ǴʱҪǱԼ̬ȣҪϱ̬Ա㻨¥֮ûл˵뻨¥γɲ˺¥һ֮£ǽǺѵġ
־ϵֲֹ֪֮ϴԽ绰˻¥¥һʱ˻ΪԼ֮󣬳־ϻӴѹֹȥ鴦ħָľȻеЩ£־ֱӽи׳нˣҪֹ۸ˣֱӲ鴦ħָľ
ۣҪס鴦ֳץѱ¥æֹ۷Ը
ֹ۵Ѿҳί̸ˣʲô𣿡
ûãȸһӣһȥ֮л˵Ȼʲô㣬һȥ֮Ҳû˵ֻҪˣֱӺ̸һסľֳ֮λ¥ֹ۴˵


1432 ֹ۵
Ҷƽʿ棬صҵҺͻȼ֮󣬻ŸгΪŦԼгǩ˽ѺóеЭ飬ٽ֮ĺ뽻Ǵ˴֮ȡһҪɹ
ý˱Ҷƽ˵ýĲɷã֮ǿҪԣҸǸҪɹʾģƼĺ͹ʽŦһĳС
ΪһҶƽ֮ͷҲǸеԺܽΪĳУгҲҪˡ
ʮ죬Ҷƽعǰ밮棬̸̸ú飬뿪֮µĺʵҪ֧֣˻ع֮󣬻ҪŽܵϵ
ڻع;УİԪ뻨¥˽½Ӵ¸Ҷƽ˺ʱҪٸԪһĻᣬһ᲻²Ļ϶Ԫˣųȥˡ
Ԫ飬칫ۺһĸųȥĻһʵְĴλӾͿˣȻҲҪһԪ˵Ը뿪칫ĻǾ칫Űɡ
һЩͶĿعʡίοרŵӭҶƽܸжοĹϵǷǳģ֧ʡĹԼعʱȻԹӻһܴˣȻοɴ˾Ҳ⣬ʾԼֽ֮ŽĹϵЩ֮ϵûз϶ꡣ
۶ʡķչҪһŽİӣοΪʡίǣȫһִμҵı֣ȻƽˮܻһЩֻҪ˱Žһ£˾ûʲôĻᡣ
οҶƽͬһصʡдݣο׼нӼҶƽһУǮԪʤ¥ȻҪҶƽһοɼ档
˴֮ȡúܴĳɹҶƽΪһĻ㱨רŻ㱨Ϊ㱨ǩѺóе飬ǮԪʤ㱨ҵҡ̸Ͷʵ飬ο֮ͷҶƽ˴ǰһʵˡ
·;ǳƣһʱ϶û㱨೤ʱ䣬ܿǽˣҶƽ˻ȥϢȻϢ֮רٿʡίί飬ȡҶƽһеı档
¥û̻صڸݴ绰ֹ۹һʶڵ⣬棬˵һ˵з飬־ڶɨƴǣƸôĿľǺأ϶Եʣûأ
ֹ۴Ӷæܵݣһ¥ǽصгɻˣ⼸ҿó־ϸˣҶҪְˣ
ֹ۴ͷɥӣ¥æοۣ㲻õģڣ£һ㱨һ
¥һֹ۱ǰ򻨽¥˻㱨㱨¥һ£ó־ڵʱרץ飬һЩ£ֹΪйֳѹֹܴ֧۵Ļֹֻдְְ߱ˡ
ֹ۵Ļ㱨־ϲڹ϶ֹһĳίǽ˹ͨ÷ǳ㣬ֹ˵Ŀռ䲻ˣڸô죿
鴦ֳôˣ¥뵽ʵ
ֹ֮ü˵г㲻֪жôѰ죬Сֳԭǲ鴦ˣҪ鼸һֳ鲻
¥ʵô鲻
ֹۿ˻¥һ۵г㲻ǲ֪Ȼò飬ֵĻȫҵģһȥ飬ͨ籨ţÿζ˿գô飿
ֹ۵Ļ֮󣬻¥еڵЩԸˣħָľ˱ֳҲ˱ħָľ飬ĳҪǲˣ˼ҿ϶ûġ
뵽¥оЩϾȥ־ץסֹ۵СӰֹ۸ѾˣʱԼҪΪֹ˵ĻֹһɼС
ۣҪħָľͣҵ¥
ֹһ˵гħָľͣˣôеֳͣ־Ͼʤˣ˵⽫
ħָľ˵Ĺϵ¥ԼȻģᳵ˧Ҳһѡ֮һźܴķգħָľ֮󣬳־Ҫ׷ⱳı֮ɡô죿
˭Ƴ־Ͻ˭ҲԸ⵱Ʒģ¥еЩˡ
뵽¥ͻȻֹ˵ֻۣȥҸʡˣ㣬־ϹҲҶˡ
ֹһϲгʡ˵仰Ǿͺðˣֻǲ֪ԸԸң
¥Ƕȥ쵼ҲϤģѵһ㲻ǰ˵˵
֮󣬻¥׼ȥʡҸ棬һʡ˶ӣֹȥˣʡ˿ҶƽĶǲãСһ㡣
һ룬¥һ绰ʸûʱ䣬ոջع档
ǰ˸档֮һ£ʻ¥ʲô£Ҫ飬ͲҪˣֱڵ绰˵ˡ
¥һʣ룬߸˵ҪǴ˴֮е£һµ㱨
¥һ֪֮Ѱ˼һ£Ҷƽ˴֮һһЩ֪һ¥㱨Ҳһ飬һǴӦˡ
ϣ¥ѸһǳصĻԷطڶһϰ忪һȽϿɿԷȽϰȫ
¥ϰǣֻҪкͿԵˡ¥ӭӣȻֹ۸ں档
ʡǹۣ¥һֹۡ
Ц۰ʶڶʱ㻹Ǹֳɣ
ֹЦ˵ʡǵң
ЦЦڻ¥¥ϵİ䣬ϰҲǳӭӣ˵ʡĴ쵼ˣ̼Ĳˣרųŷʳ÷
ʵϰҲʶֻԭʱûһ棬ҲЦЦغ֣Ǹһϰӡ
û𣿡ºʵ
¥ûˣҺ͹ˡ
˵ͷ֮ʲô
˴£¥֮˵ʡھ㱨һ֮С
Ҷƽ֮зǳȤ֪ҶƽЩ˽˴ȡõĳɹĻǼٵģû鱨ĳɷ֣Ҫһ


1433 ٱ
¥Ҷƽȥȫ㱨һ飬һеҶƽĹʹϵǺģǵ񲿳ˣˣûȰҶƽǰҪСһЩ
һ룬Ȼ󻨽¥ֹ۵ĵغһ£ʲô취һ־Ҫֹ۵ĹֳһְŶʱһ£顣
־ҪֹۣǶڲ飬ʡȻǲ棬Ȼ˵ԭڶйеĸɲкö໹ϵڵίǳ־ϣ־Ĺϵһ㣬ͳ־ϴкĻ϶ǲеġ
˵¥ʾ־ֹ۱ģֹΪɨƴǹ־ϲҪģ־ɨƴǵĿĻԣ־ϴģɨƴǵĻȻöеһЩ¶ӶΪдص⣬Ļ־ϵǰζѹΪ־ϵĿľҪָǰκǰǰΣҲǮԪʤ͸ġ
浱ȻҲῼǵһ㣬־Ҫģɨƴǣƻһֱ󣬿϶ͻ˷еĻƶĶ˭ɵģһ룬ͻ뵽ڶеιίǵˣǮԪʤ˵ˣ¥ڶдʱҲǱȽϳͬ޷⣬˻¥Żűֹֹۣ۾Ǳ˵ֹ۾ű˼
˰죬ûҪֹһ£Ȼ־ϴкǿ򹫰¸ʴкʡͦһֹۣͦ־ϲͲֹ۵ְ
뵽͸߻¥ȥͳ¸̸̸ó¸ʰæҲҪ뷨ó־ϸееĹ벻ֹۣ˫£־Ҫְֹ뷨
¥Ҫ¸ʴк⵱Ȼһӣ˵ֹ۱һ£ó־ϴְֹͷ֪ð죬Ϊ֮ǰҲ뵽ˣֹ۸㲻ȥϵ̫ˡ
ˣ¥ȻҪӦֹҲͷһʮָмӣֻаϣڸˣְֻˡ
ǳ극֮ǻȥˣ¥ֹϢ׼ڶضֹﻹģʻ¥ҪҪȥһǮԪʤǮԪʤٰܲһæ
¥ǵһۣ˵ʲôֹܲ־ϣܲ¸ʣƨáֹ֪ǮԪʤԭҲĲͣ˵ǮԪʤ϶ǲˡ
ڶ죬¥ֹһص¥ǸеοΪһǸһŴֱдħָľһߵ£ָĺ̨ϰ쵼ݣҲΪħָľˣǹ㸯ܣί쵼Ÿ翹
ԺſھĴֱһ¥Ȼṵֹ̆۽еԼİ칫ң̵Ŵֱ˭дģ˭ģһҪϲ
ֹһŴֱͷҲǴӲŴֱָͻ¥˰Ȼ˵ûָգԼȴ֪ŴֱӰ̫ˡ
ֹ˵ھͰȥ죬ֱ˸ҳ
¥ŭδ޺޵˵Ҳʮ죬Ҫˣֱ˾Բͨϰգҵˣ󣬲ҪץˣȰһ㱨һ¡
ֹӦţȵ֮󣬻¥һʮѹֵĸоڵʱ򣬳־ϸ£ģڲֻҪֹ۵£һҪԼˡ
ʱͻȻίҪٿίᣬ֪ͨȥμӣȥȥ
һ־ϾҪٿίᣬѵ־ϾҪȥֹ۵ְһʳί⡣ɨƴ⡣
¥һʵû⣬͸ûУֻһ⡣¥Ƿ˷ģ׼ίᡣ
ί֮󣬻¥ˣ飬¥̸飬ҲܲӦţһЦ
˵ջҪ־㱨һȥ飬ί¥֮ȻٿίỹаСʱȴûе־ϵİ칫ȥȥίǵİ칫ңίһġ
ίн飬ϵһ³־ʮĶйɨƴǵ飬Ҳǽ⣬Ҫ˽һ¡
ίǾǺһɨƴǹ¥֮󣬰룬־Ϲ˲ٵĹֹ۵ˣͿʲôʱˣ᲻أ
ί֮󣬻¥һίң֮ĳίȻҪкʲôģһʵЦŽһ
һ־ңһۿ˵гˣ
¥Цջûü㱨ǹˣʲôôż
ʵ־֪ˣʵģ¥˵˵֪ˣһҪٿίͻˣɨƴǵ鲼öһˣ˵¼ΣһЧûУҪúһ顣
־Ͻ쿪ĿҪһɨƴǹҪֹ۵ְ񣬻¥ȻǷࡣ
־º󣬱ίǻ㱨һɨƴǵĹίǾǰѽڵĹ㱨һ飬¥оչԣٲʲôûСϴͷȡ϶
־ίǻ㱨֮󣬱ǿ˵ɨƴǹչǳϰ˵ǣֻС󹤳Ϊ󹤳˳һţҲɵҪˣһݾٱţרžٱħָľ⣬˵һƣһ涾˵嶾ȫû˸ȥΪǵ쵼ɲйᣬǲʵڰٱóôҿһǲҪδ
־˵űѾٱŷַίȫǸӡ¥Ҳõһݣղų־˵ħָľ£ǸеˣһٱţɵۣΪݾٱžſĴֱô£
ٱֱָǵ쵼ɲǸô죬ǲҪüίͬ־ǰȥ飿ҿίȥ飬ǵĹƲ¥гأ־ϵȴҿһ֮˵
¥һͻȻֱ˵ٱϵĶҿˣಶ׽Ӱ֮Ȼ˾ٱˣüίһǵģϵ۷׷ףܻǵƺŹƻǶеĴƣΨֶ²ңٱɣѶһĨڣʲôɼûˣҪעһ򣡡


1434 Ҷƽİ
¥һ̬ȣȻ־ϵĵӲһûֹ־ҪüίһµҪ󣬵ԱֳݾٱŵĲ
־ϱֱȥֹ۵ְģһյٱ֮뷨ͻȻ˸ı䣬ݾٱһ£ԴﵽȥְֹĿģһ򻨽¥棬Ϊ¥ħָľ֮ĹϵҲǶˣѾٱһóǿɽ𻢣û¥ĻͲŸڶеĹˡ
־¥˵֮ɨ˻¥һ˵ʡίʡҪ쵼ͬ־һǿҪʶ˸̣ҿǺ£Ĩڵ飬ֻҪֱչûߴ򣬼ʹĨҲûãҪػħָľ£Ȼ˾ٱҾٱûȽǾҪúòһ飬һûЩ飬ɼίǣͷί룬һû쵼ɲΥ͵һ濴һħָľûдڷǷ飬ǿչɨƴǹһˣǶЩֳһҲûгӻƶĶЩطȫûأǹزȥأ˵û໥أ
־һеĳίǸеڵĿЩţ־ϽȫһѪˣǻйԱĿֻţԶбְŽĴþǲ
¥һ־Ϸƺдŷǳص⣬еҵʹԷȥһЩ£ҲֳϹ淶ҪҲǺ£ֻƲʲô⣬ǲ̫ˣеҵչˣǶкôģΪʲôҪأٱħָľҿǱģͶߣǣʮն񣬸ղһ黹ûнǾٱžȻſڣԴֱʽ֣˵˾ңƻǰŽĴþ棬ҽüί͹ֵͬ־Ҳһֱ£һ飬һô£ǹƽֻǵħָľ¡
¥һ룬Ѵֱˣñȳ־һͬ˭дֱ⣬˵дٱûκζģдֱأûжǲΣĻҲһġ
־һʱûнӵдֱı棬һ¥һȻ˵ֱٱϵһ𣿡
¥ݻϲ࣬һٱһǴֱҿⲻģ
¥˵۾ɨ˳־һۣɴֱ;ٱſ־йأȻ־ôôٱţ
˻¥Ļ־һ룬ֱȷʵǲãƻ֮ӣٱźʹֱܹԻ¥ģȻȥдٱŵһڲˣȻĶ
뵽־ϵֱҿҪ֤ؿǴĵҪȥ飬Ȼ󲨣άǶеİŽþ治ʱҪȥ׷ֱ飬ҪٱϵʵʵʵȥֱҲ٣
¥һȴ˵˷粻ɳҽ̵顣
¥־ϸˣ־ȻǷǳǴʱڿᣬҲ÷ֻ˵ʹôѵʲô𣿡
¥ҪǱģǾҪ
־һ˵ĸֲдϣôжǲǱģǴ鲻ܲȡ۵̬ȣҪֲĻ飬⣬˭
¥ĻȻͬħָľҲһ
¥˵ˣ־һֻͬӲֹֻᵼ˸Ӷ˳ܵʲô
ίһ־ϱȥʡǼҶƽѻ¥ıָҶƽʱҶƽպòμʡίί飬㱨֮ȡõĳɹӵ־Ҫı棬ͬˡ
־һҶƽǰڶʮĹˣֹ۵Ѿˣð˾ٱźʹֱ¥ڿʱЩҶƽˡ
Ҷƽ֮󣬳˼һ£еȽϸˣǣеֻǾڶУûʡڻûйʡ쵼ڶɨƴϷ
־ͬ־ԲôңڵĿס棬ֹʲôʱְ񣿡Ҷƽʵ
־˵ϽְֹģڿҪһѻüίħָľ¸
ҶƽҪٵˣίƲˣܹħָľ飬ֻȲڵȻٵⱳĶƹֱȥӴʣί鲻ⱳͻֹܱ۵ְһ֮ó¸ֱ뷨ֹ۵ʡҪϣ
Ҷƽһó־ϸеǰһƬҶƽзִ磬һס棬һȴ;дϢ֮ʣüίȥ죬ĽȴʲôҲû鵽ĺܱҪҪҶƽġ
Ҷƽ־̸˻԰ų¸һ£ó¸֣ԭֻó¸ϣ¸黹ҪģȻ¸һοһ
ʱ򣬸¸ʽϵԼ¸һԷ¸ʽӵĵ绰볣ʡҪһԷûܾģֻʡĵλǲһЩ
֮һЩ޹ؽҪ⣬һ¸˵𣬶Ҫְֹ飬֪֪
¸һһ£Ȼǲʲôû˵ʲô֪֪
¸һ룬Ҳ͸־ȷʵ̸飬ûбʾ顣
һ־Ѿˣʱе¥˵û־ǰˣڶѹˡ
뵽˵ʣٿһ£ֹûʲô־ΪʲôҪأǹϿ̬ȷһЩ֧һֹۡ
һ¸ʱǸеΪѵصֳȻҪǾȨڵطίͬĻҲ޼£õطίѣûжҪʡֱӸ־ϴк鲻Ͱ𣿡


1435 Ϊ
¸ʸеΪѣԸĻֹ־ϵֹ۵ְ񡣸֮ͷȻǲˣ˵ʣĹҿû֧㣬ڳ־Ҫֹ۵ְҲ֧ĹҪð
һвζˣ¸֮Ϊˣ£ҶƽԸˣҶƽʡòȻǳʡʵҲãⲻмΪ
¸һ룬˰죬ĵذҶƽŵ潲˽̳֮һԭֲó¸ûдӦ
Ҷƽִ£Ͳøó¸ô¸ܰҲǱȽϲˣĳ¸ʵļֻൣŵ㣬ҲûȷҪֹ֧ˡ
¸ʼ棬ȥԺһ飬֪Ҷƽֳ֧־ϵģ־϶ȻҶƽҶƽ¸ʴкǹʳ¸ʵĻͻ¥˻֪Ҷƽ¡
Ҷƽһ֣¸ʿ϶޷ȥֹˣΪ¸ʿ϶ðŲҶƽķգȥ֧һؼйֳϾֹ֮ûʲôܵĹϵ
һͨ¸ֹ֧۵뷨ʵֲˡ룬Ϣ߻¥¥һǸеܴѹˣ˵ʡҶʡ£ҿ鲻򵥰ҪСˣ
¥һһγûʶ⣬Ҷƽִ£˵ֳ֧־ڶи£㶫ȻҪ£ȻҲĺܣ⻰ӻ¥˵ǳһΪĸɲˣܲ
֪ˣҪڶǱ߶סֹ۱סͱסɣҿһҲδ־ϵԸԻ¥˵
Ҷƽѳ¸ʽйȥ˶飬Զɨƴǵ̬ʲôģû˵ȥ
¸ʵЩͣͬʱҲǲԸȥ£пչģɨƴǹԺûȥָһ¹ͬʱ˸ûȥһȥΪ־վվ̨֧һⷽĹ
Ҷƽһ飬￩һ£ҶƽԲûɵģҶƽϳ־ְֹʱӦʶҶƽֳ֧־ϸɨƴģȻһʱͿûȥ飬ҶƽһʣǸеЩѹ
ҶʡɨƴǵǺҪһ飬Ϊúܺãȣֶ֧еĹ¸룬˳Ҷƽ˼˵Ļ
Ҷƽ˿еЩ⣬һɨƴǣĵطɨƴСС֣Ȼʲô֪ܲɣԴûһľ޷Ӳͷģ˵ǲǣֹܲɨƴ޵񣿡
Ҷƽһ¸룬֪Ҷƽĵ˼ˣй޷˼һֶ֧еɨƴǹȷֹ̬ȣ͸Ҫǲһġ
¸һսϵϽˣݣѾ̳ʧȥԭеĽȡ֮ģҪ뵽Ҷƽ֮ȥǲã˭Ҳݵʱʲô£һЩǷǡ
ҶƽȻǴʡͬڸڱʡһһĸɲҶƽϾʡֵ֧ˣԿȻһʱܻռϷ磬տ϶ʧܵģ첲šȰȫվҶƽһߣǳʡҲǴȨգҴҲʶѾãŪڱعٳܵˣҲһõ顣
һ¸ʱȽìܣֲܲԣΪûܣȥֻʱά飬˭Ҳ
Ҷʡ־ϵľĺܴģ飬ֹۣ־ѾҹˣҪֹۡûһȥɹͬ־ȥһˣָһⷽĹ¸ʱ̬
˳¸ʵĻҶƽܸоƽȲ̬ˣ˵ʲô˵ͬ־־ֹۣ⣬ǹȥֱֹӵһȥ𣿡
ҶʡֱӲ£¸ʸеЩȣû뵽Ҷƽֹͨۡ
ҶƽͷֹǹĸɲǹһЩȻȫ֧ģ㿼һ¡
¸ʶʱ˼ˣոֹۣҶƽȻֱֹۣⲻ
ҶʡֹȻǹĸɲ֯ϵڶûȨ黹ɶίΪá¸Ƶ顣
ҶƽƵ˵ǹĸɲ˫ع֯ϵȻڶ¹ϵһǹǱȽרҵĹͷȽչ˲ţΪ˼ǿϵĹǿɲĴֱҲǷǳбҪģͷȥʵһ£ҪԥһԥʲôҲˣòã
Ҷƽֱˣ¸ʲֻܿ˵ȻҶʡˣҲ˵ʲôͷһ£ʵҶʡָʾ
ȥʵɣҪ죬ȡһ֮Ҷƽȷ˵
¸һʱ仹ǳĽģǱ߲֪νˣȥԺ룬ֹ֮ǰҪ͸ͨȡ½⣬Ȼ֪ͻȻֹ۸ˣһġ
¸̰ʡҪְֹ潲ˣҪֹ۵ҪţֹۡȻֹ֧۵ĿĲΪ˰ֹ۵ҪţΪֹڶмιֳⲻһ¡
һôͻȻֱ¸ʾ͸ҶƽģҲûа취ִֻҶƽ
һͷȻǸеˣ¸Ҳ̫ҶƽĻˣȻͨˣȴܶסҶƽѹһֹۣһ㵣Ҳûа
˶Գ¸ʵĲ֮⣬¸ȻվҶƽһˣûһģҲ֪¸ˣûϵĽȡ֮ˣԼҲûãο黹Ҷƽŵġ
˼ʱͷǲ˰ѳ¸ʴӹλŪͷȻ˵¸ʵĹɲôŪģǱ״ڲƣ¸ʵĹƿɳ£ڲкö˲ˣֻҪ뷨ֹ֧ڲվԳ¸ʣ¸ʵʱƾͻְȻ뷨һĹˡ


1436 ĵ
ֹ۱뿪˶Уûа취ʡҪ¥Ҳ޷֧ڶ޷ԿҶƽһСӣҶƽĴʱûзء
ʱֹ۸ող鵽˵ſֱˣ˲ˣǹڲˣΪһֱֹ۲ίչɨƴǹֹʵǱƳıӻߣֹץǿ϶ǲеģ׼ᣬίд˾ٱţſ˴ֱ
ֶֹͨξǲ鵽ǰ˵˻¥ô죬Ͼǹڲˣ˾ĻԹֵҲǲãû¥Ÿô졣
¥һԭǹڲˣʵǿɶ̸ֹ۵һҪ˸ˣ˴ڹС
ֹһֻӻ¥ĻȥҪشдֱˣû죬񾯱Ǳˣ񾯵Ȼֹ۰дֱ½˳ʲô˵
񾯱Ǹֹ˵дֱʹԼٱȨûзʲôҪĻԲҲһ񾯣ֹһͷȻǲãдֱ£Խ񾯸ץ죬ǿڶǹ񾯵ϣûץȻ
̸ֹòɢºֹ۱ָʾйذ참Ա񾯽飬ͬʱþּίҲһûΥ͵ĵطһ񾯶ʱ֮֡
־ϰмίħָľȴûеʲôΪٱʵѽһ־־ϿһۣջмίԱܣȻûеʲô
ȻҲܹмίԱܣܲмίԱز飬мί뻨¥ϹϵôܹмίԱħָľ׳죿ϣڵǰ£ܲʲôèֻ˵ʵϱ־ϡ
־һ˵дֱ˸ˣһ˫ˣеط뷨ȫǲˡֱдֱ˸ˣΪл¥֧֣ͬʱֹ۸ģֱӸӣǿ϶ἤ֮ìܡ
һжڵȴƾֺ֣ܿˣֹһ糿ٵʡ˽ʡܶί뿪УιֳΡ
ιֳʡ̾ܶӵһֹ۵İֹֻֽ֪࣬зʡ¥֪˷ӳ
ΪڶסͿˡڵֽ֪֮󣬱ȫɽһĶʡڲһս¸ʣó¸ȥ⣬Ȼðλ
λʡίί֧֣ȻǸеʮ㣬ڹ¸ԣó¸ʷǳڣͷͣʲô֮ʱһľ⣬еѾЩģȻݻаʱ򣬵ȡ˲Ǻܺ𣿶һܵʡ˴ʡЭһȡ
һ¸ʾʡίʡǰݵ뷨λøͬ־͵ΪȻúܶ˸еĿ࿴˵˻Ըأ¸ʾȻǰˣָ߷ֵѧϰ
οɺҶƽ˶ӵ˳¸Ҫǰ˾ӶߵҪҶƽȥο£ʡһǳҪλӣ˭ιȻһҪ顣
οʱûѡҶƽûѡҶƽ뵽۶طάΰǳҪһҪһܸɣԭǿְλ˵ְЩŲֽţ黹Ǵ룬ı۶طĹԱ
οһ룬ϾҶƽԭ͵ιһȽϤȡҶƽ
Ҷƽһ룬ǰе뷨˳ѹάӹʡǱ߸θʡ湫άΪʡȥ鲿Э¡
οҶƽ뷨еҶƽӦԵǰϱеֲͨϵĵˣͰѸ۶صıˡ
ο룬ͬҶƽֻùάθʡȥ鲿Э̣ͬʱɸ۶ʡίƼ
̶飬Ҷƽ͸еƾֻ֣ҪάٹͻһܴĸĹۣȥǴһ顣
ʱȫɽ˻ʡǸιΪµĻ¸ʲι֮ǻϣιġ
ΪһøȫɽæһҲȥ˾ǣܲǰԱ˳λá
ϵʡί֯ƽʡί֯ƼƽΪ֯һĳȻȥʡп죬ʱʡίƼˣʵûʲôϾܵ˲࣬˱ϵͳˣڵŵˣһ£ûʲôʵѡ
Ҷƽȥ˾֮󣬾ȥ鲿쵼Ѹ۶鲿쵼㱨һ£ͬʱѹά˵ֽһ£ȡ鲿쵼֧֡
ҶƽھǵĹϵȻһܱȵģһŬ֮鲿쵼ͬιάΪ۶ʡʡͬʱΪʡĺѡˣӹϵ۶ȥ
ڴ֮ǰѾ빫ά磬Լ뷨ˣά˵ܵ۶ҳθ۶ʡʡͷȻǷǳˣһˣһҶƽһˣ˵һõ顣
鲿쵼֮ͬ鲿ԱרϽп죬ʡίӴ鲿ԱһУ˵רŹ칫άģʡίҲܸе⣬벻СطȻõãάҪˡ
鲿ܿ˶ԹάĿ죬Ժ󣬹άǵȴĵ۶ʡڵ취ܵϹȫɽ˻Ϊлᡣ
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һɵۣ벻ֱӲˣʡĸûʲôᣬǶˣ
Ҷƽﰵɨ˸ˣеǵıǳ֣ͷһ£Ƕһһе⡣


1437 ¥㱨
ֱӳ֣άΪ۶ʡʡ湫˵Ľ·һȫûޣֻзӵķݶκε顣
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СӵĻ¥еԼҲ̫СˣԼСǸгѵԳ־ϵĳУԼһ㷨ҲûˣҪǱƵԼ̫ԼҲԲ󣬶ĸɲԼˣʲô
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λӶҶƽҲչԪˣԪһ̸еһ亹˵Ҷƽˣеһ㡣
Ÿ߽ʣԪҶƽ̸̸߽ʾתҶʡ˵ˣľȥҲûãӰɡ
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ҶƽͬҪ󣬱ԪһĴε飬Ҷƽʤ˹Ҷƽʤ߽ʲǸеʤСҪˣԭˣڿҪˡ
ҶƽʤۺһƸΣʡ鼶̫ͣͰһʤԴҶƽ֮֮
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Ҷƽʱ˵пĵĸо¥һǾҶƽû̫ô浹һЩæͷӦʾȥ֮úúͳ־ϣѹá
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ʡҲᶯңҲ̫Ϊ˰ɣʡɲӲܣ¥æ˵


1438 Э
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ڰѺðҶƽȻǸмģͷҲûо裬ϾˣԼ֮Ĺϵǳڰĸм֮ģһǣ⣬ԲӰģΪĹԱһԭ򣬶Ѱϱˡ
ҶƽǰڵļȨѹķŵӪõͶʻϣͬʱҲӴȣڽҽƵȷ¹ȡùϰܹܵĸ￪ĳɹͬʱҲעὨ裬ٽĹƽ塣
־Ĺֳ飬׼Զеĸߵֳһδ飬һҪѶоڴڵĻƶĶȻĹֳָӵһδʱ˴ۣΪһͨ籨ţ˸գΪ˿գֳŷͻȻ֮ˣֳ·ƵģСһʱ֮伣ˡ
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ȨҪһһӪ죬ĹֳģĹֳҲûȨΪҲعϵͳ˿ǰžȨҪ볹չҲҪһʱ䡣
־룬Ȩȹ̵ʱ򣬾ͱϼϼֻҪ֧㣬Ȩͻȹ̣ŻԼȨ
־ڿǰ֮󣬱ȥҶƽѵǰгֵҶƽһҶƽʲô
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ά֮ҶƽǶ˵־ͬ־úһ¶ɨƴǵ飬ʲôٸңҲţʡβ˶еڴ¶ڷ֮磬еԲٴڣ
Ҷƽһ̬ȣ־Ȼһֺ֮飬Ҷƽ֧֣ʲô첻ɣȻйֱȽϸӣʡĽ룬Եõˡ
Ҷƽһ˵һΣҲҪѶе׽ά֮ȻǸҶƽ
άҶƽ֮󣬱־顣ڹάҲǸոάʡĹϤԺ󣬼ʹǳ־ϲҶƽҶƽҲᰲŹάȥģڹάʡҲ͸Ҳòȡʲôʩ־һߵһ飬ǶԳ־ϵǣҸոչһЩҲǺϤ㳤ڸ۶Ƚ˽⣬ҶʡǴ⣬˵˵ڸô죿
ά־һ˵ԭֹڵʱֹۿչֹ뿪˶ƽͬ־ǹܻǼξûץסһΣͨ籨ţˣֻʡȫʡ侯鴦飬ܳ״еһЩǷֳ
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־һ˵ʡô죿
άһ˵ҿȲڹɣڹչڵڹʱʱҪȵʱ죬ʡԱһͻȻϮͬʱڹӴ鴦ܱ֤һʧ
־һάǸеһ⣬ֻڹôأ˭أ
⻰һ˵ά˵ƽͬ־ֻҪƽͬ־úĥһ飬ܰڹڹԺҶʡҲĲˣǸʱһжȡһٳɹ
˹άĻ־ϴӦȥԺ󣬱йֳƽֵڹ飬ƽھͷڹ˺ֹܿµˣֻҪ鵽ڹ뷨ڹй֡
־һƽ˵һ˽ΰۣǹֳ񸱾ֳԭֹ۵ˣƽ֮ΰۼӺܴƺƽǳջôԸڳ־һ˵飬ΰֹ۹ϵô˵ڹĻп
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֯йһµʱ򣬱ǷϵͳڵĸɲûʲôȱְˣҪϵͳڲеĻǲˣȻϵͳΰۻԸȥ


1439 ͻȻϮ
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ֳеǳʱ򣬶йͻȻӵʡ˵Ҫһ鴦ƶ涾׼˶ôֻȷжܡ
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Ҷƽһָʾάǣ˭ֻҪ϶ΥΥͣһҪв鴦


1440 Ҫ
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άԸ֮Ҷƽȥοɣѻ¥永οɱһ£һοɵ
οҶƽı֮˵ƽͬ־εҪϣֻҪ˭ΥΥ͵ʵǾݣ¥СڶΥΥͣҿʹ鴦Ҳǲڶегˡ
οһ̬Ҷƽʱ˵˵ǣ˹άıеǳ𾪣¥ΪгȴڶΪɥʧһ߼쵼ɲٴڶегӰǳãҽ齫ȵһгȥ
˭ȥгʣοʵ
ҶƽûʲôʵѡŰɡ
οɿҶƽһ۵ҿлȥегɣڰ칫ܶˣȥжһ¡
лʡί칫ΣοɱȽԱлȥегҶƽһ˵ҿȽϺʣ־ϴӻǱȽϺõġ
οɵ˵ͷ˾Ƕ飬¥Ҫ붫УοҶƽһ̸꣬ǰ֯ƽйȻʡίο飬ǵ
οοɵĻ֮ٻΪ¥άһ£𣬻¥СΪ£ǲ֤ȷ䣬ȷ䣬¥˲֪飬Ͳܹﵽ¥ϣôûбҪ¥ְˡ
οȴǸ¥СڶоӪָߵֳұ鴦Ѿ˺ܶӵӰ죬һ¥ΪгҲҪĳָ𣬸Сӻ˰ˣôҪ¥ְҲģʹڶҲûְˣҿ϶ûаСӡ
οɵ˵οͬ¥ְʡͷûкʵλӰŻ¥οƽ׼¥ʡίθ鳤ʱš
ʡһĶ¥֪ˣħָľȷʵڶеЩɨأ붫УҲֻڱ˶Уһᷢʲôȴǲðˣˣ붫ж˵ǲġ
һõϢ̵ʡȥҸ棬֧֣Ҫ뿪УȻʱʱѾˡ


1441 Զ
ʡίίϣȫɽ˶Ե¥ְ飬οɺҶƽ˿﷢飬һʱû˵ʲôοбοɺҶƽɫãȫɽûͶƱҲ޳ɵ˻¥ְ
¥ձʡί칫θ鳤ʡίίῪԺ֪ˣһϢʰ뿪˶Ϊֻ֪ҪʡίίһͷɲҲϾ֪һ֪ٵζгˣôһЩ˾Ϳܻ£ΪڶҲǵ˲ˣȻΪ˹˻˵ȻڶһаԵΪҶ˳߲ʱһ룬Щ˻רŵİ칫ŪѿԴʱʱ뿪Ҳǵġ
ʡί֯׼µʱһϵ˵μˣʡίɡ¥һʡί֯Ҳö˵ʲôֻͬлȥбˡ
лȥг¥ʡί鳤е쵼ӱһĵ
¥һߣ־ϱǰа˿ʼѼһЩСϣȻṩҶƽ¥гʱȻкܶ˲Ҹ״ˣҲͲȥʲôˣһЩСϾð˳ʼԴԴϵ͵־ϵ
־ϵŬܿ췢֣¥һ۵ĴҵϰУ۰ңǶķزˣҲʮڣȻɵйµ͵ƽʱײβȻҲаˣǴ˴ûкչ档
ó־ϸеǳ棬һ˵صķز˿϶ίǸùϵȻȴǲӴѵô͵
־ϸе֣ǰ˰˽һҵǷ֣۱˴ί£ֻҵһ߹ܾǺίԺΪҵҪίҵĸ߹ȻֻԺǵίԺˡ
Ȼ뻨¥˽ȴǷǳСϷӳģ˵뻨¥֮йᡣ־ϸе۲򵥣뻨¥ϵǳУȻƽʱȴǲͷ¶棬ί궼֪˵Ĵڣνеʮ־ˣ
־ϾȽΣҶƽ˱棬뻨¥֮Ĺϵ˳ҶƽһҲǸеȽ֣ôھȻЭίԱ˴ǣѵô͵
Ҷƽһ룬ǰѹάйĵصһۣʲôȲ뻨¥֮ûвľȲһ۵ʲô˵һ͵ˣһ뻨¥໥شࣿ
Ȼ龭ⲻڹعܣǵһ˵ȴȨģάӵҶƽ֮󣬱ȥֵ飬һ˵ʲô
άһȽϾɵԱȥ飬ȻԱ˼Ҳûп۵Ӱά˿һûг뾳¼ȥ㽭۾㽭˴λ¥һʡǣȥ㽭
ά룬ѵ˵Ϊ¥ߣеͷˣרŶˣ
ȥ㽭άȥ㽭иٵ飬ȻʡԱ㽭֮ȴǷҲǷǳѵģΪ㽭ŶദԢ֪Ԣ棬۾ȥ㽭㽭ǳϤ߻бڣȥԱסۣ޷ȫ˽㽭Ļ
άҶƽʱҶƽ̸е۲һˣµ͵޴һˣˣһҪйزŽһעһ¡
Ҷƽʱ뵽˸ţжĹ죬е˿һввҪʱ̹ע
Ҷƽȥһ绰עһ´ˣ鱨ϵֻṩһ
ӵҶƽĵ绰űֺǺǵЦţ˵ʡ£Ϊˡ
ҶƽһҲǹЦԸ˵ʡǹȫ湤ģʲôҪܰ㲻ҪΪֻǹŷչʲôģʡܵŶģ
ҶƽһȻҲЦ㲻Ҫ˵Щǵʡ
Ҷƽ֮ŷǳõĬôˣȻǵǷݣҶƽûΪԼλ߶ǰʲôӣҲûΪҶƽְλߣеʲôѹϵġ
Ҷƽ˵ʱԶҲ˵绰绰ĲǱˣ֮ǰĺѳͰõˡ
ԭڲͬ£õʶѣһ۶ʡˡ
ͰõһֱϽкؾ̣ҶƽշתأҶƽȻҲϵǺȥҹҶƽҶƽ۶ʡҶƽӴһ£Ǿ̵ķΧҶƽæ
Ҷƽһӵǵĵ绰̸ЦŸڻϽɻȥ㲻㡣
ҶƽЦЦֻҪʲôʱ򶼷㣬ʲôʱ
ǸϾͿԹҶƽһ
Ҷƽ뿪ϼ֮󣬽ԱϵˣһĹæһΪϵˣҲ鷳Ժʲô£֪Ϊǰʲô£˼ҲǺϵˡ
һֱ棬ˣҶƽҲǸеʧ䣬Ҳ۶ʡ֮󣬱ʤԭʤ
ڳͰõ˵ҪͷȻǷǳˣ
֮󣬳Ͱõ˵УҶƽһӵǵĵ绰ǳʱרŹǣΪҶƽһ˹ǣӭӣΪҶƽĹ϶æ
һ·ɻǿҶƽվǣǻ֡һҶƽԹӻ̸еޱ˷ˡ
ƽ㻹ôᣡҶƽ˫ֵʱ򣬲˵ȻֱҶƽ֣ҶƽȴǸеǳС
ʤҶƽӭǵģһֱҶƽ֣Ǹеǳ𾪣˭ֱҶƽ֣ʲô쵼
õһЩҶƽҶƽ֣΢Цţһʱ˵ҶƽҵӪĻðɣ
õæЦ԰ɣǹѰһ̻


1442 ߴʤ
ҶƽѰõͳӭӵݣһԷΪʡȻûʲôӣõͳ˵ǸеҶƽһĺˣ쵼ɲǺȻˣǽʶѣѵ˲Ƕ
㣬ڻض𣿡ҶƽųԷԱߣͳ졣
һЦһǰؼһΣҲǲ󾭳ȥģҺͰõʱҲܷæûȥ
ҶƽһûлȥˣĸȥˣȻҲȥʱϲһȥö˾ͻ֪ŪҶȥ
Цǲкö˻°һص˵̫ˣ˵㲻Ϊǰأ
Ҷƽһʵô˵𣿡
ôûаФоô˵ˣڵصЭϯˣ;ˣ˵ҪŪгɣֻܵЭϯˡ
һӣҶƽ̾˿˵Ĳ֪㣬ȵ¤񣬴ܽҲҪƷûƷôߵԶأûҵӰܵϸسЭϯ𣿰ҲͬѧߵλãҲ˷ܶĽȫҵЯڹٳϣҪƷ˵԰ɣ㣿
ҶƽȻһһĽţó˱Уﲻеһȣ˵Ҳ
ʵңҶƽȥĵеȥˣǶס죬ҾͰй
ָ˵̫ˣǸеˣƽôˣ㻹ɣܺǼ棬ҺͰõĺܸж
һ߿Ҷƽһ׳һۣҶƽ˿̾ص㣬֪ʲôиߴʤھһָߴʤĸоĴΪ٣ﶼǴͷ˭Ѱ׺һЩˣһ룬ѿɿֻѲһʱһЩˣҲûʱǽнҲҹٵˣôؽˣҲˣ㿴ԭڶصѣжٰҲǺóʱûϵˣϵңĸеܸˣҲǲʳ˼̻ڲΥԭ£ҲһЩ£Ҳ֮飬ͨҵȨﵽǵĿģҾҪˣڵĴ
һҲǸпƽ˴Ҳзհͨ˿ǹľһӣΪǴˣҪʲôҪʲôʲôܸʲôð
ҶƽЦȻȴ˵ɰӣὲԽǵ˸߼쵼ɲҪĶԽ࣬ԽϣϵθԽǿΪ֪ϵĵжأôĹңҪЩȥŬ裬ôȥɰӣȨʹõģΪʲôߴʤΪҵ³ʲô󣬶һִǿ϶Ǵ˲õ飬ұҪԴһɣһȣпֳƬԵʧ󣬾ͻɺܲõĺ˵ܸеһЩϰղ˽ǵΪǺɣʲô͸ʲôһⰡ
Ҷƽص˵ͷλòͬĶͲͬ˵۹⣬ϰͨ˵۹⣬ǵܲģһЩΪʲôٳС˵˽һǵ𣿡
ҶƽһЦ˶к֮ģ˿׬Ǯ뵱ˣʵǲ֪˵Ŀദȵһȥɣܲˣʵҵ֮ҲΧǣ໥ŶԷãñ˿ű˵źһ
Ҷƽ˻һõ̲סԱЦ˳Ҳ̿ЦƽҲ뷨ɣѵǱ˼ҵĺã
ҶƽЦ˵Ҳˣѵûûʲô˼ģʵͳҲǿ˼ҵźðȻôֳأȻλøˣʵҲͨˣһЩҲϰͬģֻ˽Ķ࣬ܹԵ˼ˡ
оҶƽ˵ķǳʵڣͻȻҶƽ쵼һ£鲻ʵǣƷû˵ģ쵼ܻصʡְͺˡ
ƽǲǻһֱڸ۶ȥˣ뵽ʵ
Ҷƽһµ˵ΪҪİţˣ﹤һģֻҪԼĹףؼƽԼλãȥгҲܸɣ£Ǻ£ЩȴܲˣҪıһط
ͷƽҪٻص﹤ͺˣҺͰõͻص緢չȥ
˵һذҶƽЦе㲻ܣȻûʽĹ涨һ˵ҪرԭְģˣٻصʡĿǷǳСģ»ʧˡ
õ֮˵ƽʡְҲ԰ԭʡιְˡ
ҶƽһǺǵЦؽʡְҲҪԵˣʱǲ뿪۶ģҲϣصϤĵطְһİĵطְҪѺܴƶһЩ飬ɲҸܾģĳ˵ǲɵġ
Цɼ
ҶƽǺЦ˵ûھӡ
һһСʱʤͻȻ߽˵ʡίǱ绰˵һҪμӣûʱȥ
һлμӣҶƽֻöԳ˵ڱϢţһҪμӣϣҰѰҽйһġ
ҶƽʮæµͰõæҶƽȥܵҶƽĹ˿Ҷƽ֮󣬲Ż³Ե㷹ղŸչ죬ѳԷ¶ˣҶƽҲûгԶ١
˵ʡǺأǲأ³ԷĹûУ֮󣬰õɵԶۣ૵˵
һ˵⻰˵ڴҵǿ϶Ǻˣ˭뵱ٰ˶εĶϣԼӵȨԿ϶û˻˵ٲãأֻҪ˴٣Ȼͻʧȥͨ˵ʱ䲻ȫ˵ģɶҲʣȥˣôܻλϣҸо̽羺أ
õһ˵һ˵ҾˣǵλãǶǹնģи¾ͻ˸ϣûԸӣҲƴعǹҷչѸٵԭ֮һɣ
ûõʵϾӣҪĽǲииͬ˵


1443 û
ֵܾ쵼۶ʡҶƽӵ֪ͨʡί˻¸¾Уֵܾ쵼רŹһýһİźͲ
οҶƽһӼ˹ֵܾ쵼ֵܾ쵼ȡ˸оٰ˻ĳﱸȫɽΪĻ㱨
ǰʡص㹤ˣοɺҶƽҲҪΧչֵܾ쵼˻㱨֮еȽ⣬ȻҶƽǰֳһ
˻һҪĻݽ˻ٽȫʩĽнĿչһǳ飬ȴҲһǮ飬Ϊ˸˺ܴĲΪûҶƽǰԹвѵ飬ҶƽҲΪΪʡĲҲģ͸ģҪΪڻǮͬʱҲҪѧ׬ǮֻͶ벻
׼ķǳãֵܾ쵼ǳˣҶƽǰ˴ĴָҶƽǺһЦģҪǱͱеͬ־ɣȫɽΪ¹ȽȻڶܻ᲻⡣
ֵܾ쵼ڸд죬Ҷƽ죬õͳ˾û棬ֱ죬ŴŰ볣Ͱõһ档
ҲʱȽæȵͰõ˵ʱǰס˵֣磬ͷǷǳȺ
ҶƽٴǼʱ򣬳۶ʡĴҵ飬ҶƽæЭҶƽ飬ҵ֮Ǻ£ȻǾͰһѣͷǰ˷æЭ¡
Ҷƽİõͳڸ۶ʡǢ̸¾ǱȽ˳۶ʡһҴ͹ҵ˺ϵҵķչܴ
ź̸зǳ˳õǸпضԳû֧û֧־ǲһûƽİ˼ҴҵСҵƽοǰǴæˡ
Ц⻹˵ƽʡҵٴҲҪӣȻǲΪĸ˽ⴿǳڸ飬òΥԭŻǣҪ
õͷ֪˵˼ԲΪҶƽİĻҶƽ϶ܲ˵ġ
õͳڸ۶ʮ죬Ҷƽ죬ȵߵʱҶƽǣȥҶƽͻȻ֮еʧģԼΪ٣˷ǳ磬Դ뿪֮󣬾ҲûлصʡΪ٣һڼʡΪ٣еԼһĴƯȻڽͨ·һ壬еʱǲŻص硣
Ȼ룬ôĹˣȻˣôĹٻȥڱʡΪ٣رΣĻǲصʡְġ
ֻһ룬Ǵͷ˼֮ҪǰѾͶ뵽ǰĹȥ
ŸϢһܴܣ˵۹Ȼͨڸ۶ʡöԱнύ㽭ҲźöԱŽ飬˹ȻǷͬһ㡣
ҶƽͻȻе۴ǲ򵥣ô͵Ȼôŵʱ򣬸ָһܣڹһֽûĵطصǳأһ˸ȥҪһλ˲ܽȥ
ֻܲ鵽Щ飬ûзΣ£Ҳܶ۲ȡʲôжŰɡ
һ˵£ҶƽǸе𾪣۴һСӵµ͵޴Ļ뻨¥֮䵽ûвľ
һ뵽飬ҶƽʵеԼǶ£ΪԼʡҪץãץ裬ȥ쵼ɲΥΥ͵£ιίǵľһЩ̲֮סҪȥܣѾγһ¹ˡ
뵽Ҷƽο˵һ£ָоʱο˵Щ磬ΪǸŴ̽Ϣܣ˽»ҪŹάһ£άĵοͨ
ѹάйҶƽ۵˽һûһЩԱύܸоΧһźܶܣӶпܻΣȫʡĹʱֹȽ
־Ѽйػ¥СϣԼ۹ϵȽе飬תʡίί۳ɷӵľٱ֮пһȴǲ֪δ
ݴǻ¥Լڶ̵飬ΥͣȻΥǴֲôϸڻ¥֮ϵ飬֮ȴҲ޷϶¥֮Ųľ
һ룬۳ɷʱûҶƽйʾʡֵģΪ¥ԭгȻʱҲʲôҲ
ǰԼ̸̸ۣһ̸һʲô̬ȡ۹һ²Żصڣһصڣǽӵʡίĵ绰ʡһˡ
ӵʡί绰֮һ룬ǳִһ绰绰֮ǲܲˡ
մ绰۳ɷǽӵһ绰绰ʡ˴ַ۴ģַԭʡίǣһǰϵʡ˴Σڸ۶ʡλܸߣοʡίǶҪɫ£˵۳ɷӵĵ绰֮󣬱æֹͣ˶۵ĵ顣
ʡίԱո֪ͨ꣬۳ɷǲҪˣȻǸеƣۣȻ֮Ĺϵ⡣
־ϿƽʡίСûʲôãȻǰҶƽҶƽһ˽⵽ʡֳʡֳͬʱʡίǣҶƽ绰ȻҪлظȥ۳ɷҶƽˡ
۳ɷҶƽһֱ£ͷȻЩˣҲûа취ȥظ룬ݱ棬Լ屨Ҷƽ˵ʵݡ
ʡ̬ȣҶƽеǳջ𣬵۵ľ÷û˵ʲôùάûѻ˵
ά֪ûĹؼݸṩܿҵطط䱸ɭϣ˸ȥ֪ʲôӣҽרͨ˸ûв֪ʲôˣȥʲôˣĻĻͬ۾ٰԲֵģǿĿģһ̽ϵĴӪܲ飬ôеͶˡ


1444 
άΪ˴ﵽûĿģԽûȥһȻûҲǽȥҪչһߣһܽȥ˲˽⵽
Ҫҵһ߻ǲңΪ֪˭ʸ뵽طҪطҪҳؼܹˡ
ǵ˰죬ҲûʲôѰ˼ȥҶƽ飬ҶƽǸɹˣȻǰûһ飬ʲô˻뵽Ļ棬Ȼ˸˲
ҶƽһǰһǾһ˼·˭һĿأ¥ƺǣǻ¥;Ѿܴ죬ʲô
Ҷƽ˰죬ǸһάһҶƽܵѡһǮԪʤΪǮԪʤڶιίǣۺܿнڶǸ棬Ҳڶеιίǣǻ¥¥Ȼ˵ˣȴΪû¥ʧƣδػжôܵϵ
Ҷƽùάȥй۲ǮԪʤˣصǮԪʤһǮԪʤǲǾһǮԪʤ쵼ɲά˶һķյģҪһȨ
άһ飬Ҷƽ룬黹ϵһ£øŲһ±ȽϺãʱҲʲôϵѹΪŸŵĲ룬֪ŵݺͲʲôˡ
ҶƽŽϵЭά飬һû˵ǰ빫άϣ׵һû
¥Ƚƣʡί칫ԺҲûзʲôŶɽ𣬿ǸоĿԺСˣԱԱȥŸʲôˡ
Ȼʱ۽ϵȴǲˣҽ˵Լ飬ûʱ
۵һ仯¥ǳеظܳˣûʲôԹΪҪ۵ģڲԸǲܼҪġ
¥֮ܵ϶ег۵İæȻֹڶигλˣгıϡ
۵ȻǰңȴǱҵڻĴѧˣĴѧǸ۶ʡһصѧڴѧҵԺ󣬻ȥѧع۶ʡҵְºļҡ
¥ҲǱҵڻĴѧˣΪУѵĹϵ۲ʶ;һչĿ쳵Ҫл۶֧֡
Ȼг󣬶Ҳֲ֧٣һ໥Ĺϵ۵Ļ˵ûı壬໥ְ֧ƿ硣
۸ûʵѧϰѧûᣬǴѧľӢ뵽һȥ̽һЩ⣬ѧˣǶһ׷ǳȤ֯һȻһЩҪ
ʱǽְλ͵ˣʱǳģΪʱʡĴ쵼ҿ˵ʱΪίǵĸΪгǮԪʤԭ˵ĹϵǢǽ뵽Ժǽķǳˡ
۶İ֪һСȦӵԵʣȻСȦһСȦӲͬСȦֻǳԳԺȺȶѣСȦȴǿ۹Ҵ£̽ÿһ˵ķչԼ֯ȥﵽǸĿġ
һ׼֯ˣ۷·֯ͷЭһеãҪķԸ˽µ
ֻʮֵ͵˼ҾǳȨֻ˾Ǯֻһ̶ѣΪһˣ˼֪ȾָΣôͻǵע⣬ôΣˡ
Ҷƽ֪뻨¥ܹ֮ϵûȥһ飬ҲǰŹˣֻǲһ֮ûвͿˡ
Ȼʲôˣ˳˼·ȥ飬ô϶ǲ鲻ʲôģΪ֯ЩˣȻ໥֮аûȥЩʲôǮƣΪ֯Ǽ򵥵СȦӣһͬĿС֯
һСȦӣҶƽһʱû뵽СȦӵΣԣֻԼԼеЩԣԲҪ顣
ά˵˻¥죬ֻ¥ûȥûѵصǮԪʤϣǳʡõ飬ǰĿǮԪʤϡ
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ֳһѩѵԪʤҿҶƽһвθڿܻܴҾҪ֯һηУҶƽףǲǺǵģ


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ʱеһָߴʤĸоһߺ͹ѵĸоĹ¶ֵչֳˣڴ֮ǰûеĸܣʵ˸е֣


1446 Ҫ
˻ɹٰ֮ȫɽΪ˵ѸͣҲǸеǳˣΪȫɽΪ˾ӹΰҪ˽һļνãȻʡڣʲôְλܹ˵ע
ԭȫɽоϵȴǸеȫɽ໥ǣʵǶ۹ϵû棬˭λʡǿԵģû뵽ǰ·ɱһҧҶƽʡ
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ȫɽҲʾҶƽˣȻȫɽһ֣һһЩ飬֮ǰҲˣҪҶƽҪһЩ飬϶ǲеģΪҶƽʡҪֱӱȻҪҳһɣȻȴǲңҼʹ˵ҲñΪǶҶƽиƫͲ֮˱ڰһҶƽС
浱ȫɽ˼飬һ˴ʡȫ˴ͷҶƽżһЭίԱҲʡȫ˴żֻҪһȻᵼҶƽڸ۶ʡ޷㣬ʱȻ취۶
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˼Ȼܸϲһʡٿʡûʲô棬ǣ˵ǲǣ
ȫɽĬȻܾδػʲôãǴʱҲûʲôõİ취Ҷƽץ뿪۶ǣʡٿʱֱӶҶƽھͺˣҶƽʶﲻܻӭҲûʲôɼ
Ҷƽ۶֮ȷʵû̫ԵĳɼΪõǰ۶ٵǸĸͿţӪʱڵķչȥʲôϴĿȻǼȨٽҵЧһʱǲԵģҪһʱתֳЧ
뼱ڿɼˣ϶ǲеģҶƽھԼλøԺ󣬾ͲȥֻһԵĳɼδķչûʲôı
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ҶƽڲȥʵʲôҪץ飬һǼȨٽгǼǿ裬ʵַϰտı仯γһõỷ
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ߵҲһǳҪУΪԭڸߵеιίǣߵڹҶƽɻӰ쵽ߵеĸɲһõá
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ҶƽеͷͷǿһֻҪǹġ
Զ֮󣬱ҪԶһܸɵгȥʱҶƽ뵽˰ңܲһֱʡоλϣѾʡ칫Σ˸߽ʵһȨˡ
߽ԭʡ鳤ʡ칫Σֻʡ鳤칫һְø˷߽֪Ҷƽ˼ҲûҶƽģǺ˳ӵؽ칫һְ˳ȥ
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1447 Ҷ
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Ҷƽϸһã˼ǣ۶ط̫ǰɣ


1448 Ҷΰ
Ҷֻ̫ӣǸ۶ΪչǰʡݣչǱѾھˣαֳչʡݱȽѵģһĳɼ˵ѶȼӴ˵㵽ôӭ˵ǲǣ
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Ҷһ˵ƽǲǶ㾴Զ֮ˣ
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ҶΰҶĶӣ֮ǰһֱӪ߿Ƽ˾Ҹ߿Ƽ˾Ѿĸ߿Ƽ˾ˣҲڸ۶ϽҶƽûȥ֪Ҷ˸۶ǹҶᣬȻҶƽ档
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ҶƽһЦгõӵ߰ҵľΣ֤ȫгǷǳΣգɾΣҪһõġ
Ҷΰһ˵ҲԤҷԱ߸ϣҵȥɧţʵǣǣ
ҶƽЦ˰ʶҵƸṩһõľӪӦǴҹͬƸһг̹ϵǷǳбҪģԱҵȥδȫɧţ֮ȲܰһҲ磬˵ǲǣ
ҶƽҶΰ̸ˣҶԱ߲˵˵һоˣΰҲǵģҵɵˣ˵ĻˣƽҲǣЩʲôǽǼͥۻᣬλļҳ£̸ġ
һҶ˵ʱЦҶΰҶƽһƫģҶƽЩҶƽ׽һЩ۵ƫˣҶƽȽƽͣʵʣƶĽ쵼ǷǳҪģҵٴӰҲֻĳһˣû⣬ȻǴμҵĻȴǿμҵ֮ľ޴ˣҶΰȻҵĺãٺãҲȲμҵĹףֲΣҲһ̶ѡ
ҶƽеҶΰЩԼСȦˣǴ˼ӵܵ˼룬ܸһֱطҵӪйأԼһλ
ҶƽҶΰһ˶ٷȻҶΰĻЩƫɴ뵽һõٽ֮ϵĺгһǳҪ飬ΪʡҪϼǿĽ裬ҪҵΪԱȥɧţӦҵʶԱȥΪǽģҵŻĻӭԱȥӲй
ҶƽȥԺ󣬼ȨĹ֮ϣҪг̹ϵĿںţֿںŻû»ɣ̹ϵĳϵϵȽԻԭһֱҪֿҪõϵ
濴ҶƽƵƵһµĹʩҶƽĴеԽԽеŲСѹȻַҶƽľٶûвʲôЧеﲻҶƽһˣ֪ⱳݣǲưոݵġ
Ҷƽʵ֪ڱСֻûжɫѣҶģطٳиңָҷչȥǷǳģƽһЩͨʡĹϵؾȻ뱾صĹٳӽһЩָңﵽĿģͲܹڼ꣬˲ʲôֱӵĳͻ
»ҪⷽοϺãߵгԶҪȻʡž͵Ȼ޴ˣȨҲ޹ˣĸȻʹʹ֮ȴܵõ˷Ըĸ̵ġ
ʱοڳˣ֣Ȼ֮ǰõ飬ֻҪֳƶʱͻһشת䡣
ҶƽĿг˼ᶨ֮ɫ


1449 ȥ
ʡί۳ɷȫ繤ι縱Σ뿪˸۶ʡ۶ʡʡίǵľȻǰʡί֯࣡
Ҷƽº֪Ϣ֮Ի۶ʡʡίǣȫĽ
ĹϵһֱھȻܵʡίǣ˵һǳõ顣Ȼ˵ʡί֯ʡίǲһΣڵǰ£ȴʾԽΣΣԲ۶ʡίǵģ
οֻҪ۳ɷߣûµʡίѡԸʡѡμίǣϣһ˹һְڼǿ۶ʡкôġ
һŮ֮ο֪ʡίǺٸеЩʧŮͬ־ܰ˵
һʲôˣҶƽ˽ģһŮͬ־;һ·նʡλӣضһˮƽģû˵ģʡίǿ϶ûͬ־ְãΪŮͬ־ĻЩֻҪܹϸʵʡίĹ𣬰Ѽͼ칤ûǴ´ġ
οɺҶƽ˹ͬΪӷϴҶƽʶҶƽȻԵ÷ǳ׽ҶƽҲֵͬ־ӭ㰡
ҲЦƽʡֵһˣû뵽
οЦѼ˰ƽͬ־ǲǾͽԵǧᰡ
Ҷƽ뽪˶ʱЦû뵽οҲЦ⵹οʡίǵݲҲҶƽһߵ粻
ҶƽЦǣ⻰Щװͬ־һҰĽ
ƽͬ־ͬ־ĽԺͿͬ־ˣοɹЦ
Ще֮󣬿ɲһɵ£ƺߵģ̸ʱȫûʲô׼ʵͷ߹ϾڰʡͻȻοչ뵽طٳȥأ
ľֻзָӣҶƽڸ۶أҶƽ֧֣ĹӦøɲǡ
Ҷƽο˵̸ȴǸеô׵£ҶƽοҲѵģʮֵľѼͼòǡ
οһ극֮󣬽רԼҶƽһһᣬ֪۶ǰԱҪҶƽ˽һᣬοɲϤȻûοʲôֻܺҶƽһˡ
Ҷƽʱ򣬿˿ȻɵӣٳŮǳһرʹٳŮ˳òôÿֻҪٳϸλȴǻɢͬһʣܵ
£֮ǰϤ˽һҲǲôЦźҶƽ˵ȫСŮ˵ľֹУҶƽﲻеȻһ
ҶƽЦЦ۶ʡǰοչοɻʲôָʾϵδ
һЩ飬Ҷƽ룬Ǻ˽飬һЩ׽֮󣬰㣬۶طһԻ֮أҶƽο˶СڰʡĻοɺҶƽ˴ſֱһĴˣȻ˾͸ҶŸɣ˵Ļ¡
һ飬֪ҪСĽش⣬ȻҲ˵⴦ãһпӰ쵽Ҷƽο˵Ĵ£ʡίǿΣ
Ҷƽڽ󲻾ãȥӲ칤۶ԺûһƻУͬȣűȽĵطΪȫʡҲǺܹעΪݣŸηţĸ￪ŵǰ˵ľ
ίרŵһԱֽ壬Ǹ۶ʡίίίǡ˴ʲôһʵɼʽ
ҶƽĵҲ׼ΪҶƽʡҶƽһǺοһ߾ٸĸĴ죬ٵѹҲǺܴҶƽȻҪһҪһ¹ϵĻ㱨
棬ҶƽһΪ˹һȻϵ壬ϵҪ̽ļȨʩٽĸĸϵͨӲݳĳźţһЩ˸ܵʡڸĸϵľġ
Ҷƽ֮ȥΰ˵ĵ紫վΰ˵ĵǰҶƽһʱҲǸп֣ûλΰˣĿ϶ǽӣڽһ˵УһҪã͹ҵһµĸ߶ȡ
ҶƽһĽ̸Ҷƽ֮ǰοɹͨģȻֻίǣͬʱҲʡίίԭʱοû̫ʡһЩίǵ͹۵㣬ҶƽеȥעسίǵĹ۵Ӱ쵽˵ʩģҪǿһЩί磬ΪίǣһʱǿǷǳҪġ
ǽҶƽϵģҶƽ嶼ǴĸɲҶģȻһЩͬԣ֮Ĺͨ
Ҷƽ˽¼棬̸˵ǰĹ⣬ʵҶƽһֱǷǳصģΪҶƽ۶֮ǰȫˣȡһЩʩҲеҶƽܸ££Ҹµľĺ
ƽʡжʡίʡĹǼʵλģǺģһø۶ĸ￪ͷã۱ô˵ôǶǼǵʵִĸ󿪷ŴչҶƽ˱̬
ҶƽǷģ֧֣ʹ˵ģҲûбҪ̫ˡ
ǣǰǷ·վһʮ·ڣ״ڹͲʲôҲǽᵹˣֵʡݸϣǿʮ·ڣôǾͻµأԶվڸĸ￪ŵǰأǲûжٵϵƣ֮ǰӵеֻϵƣһʧǾֻԼˣһҪӿĸǿĸ˭ӸĸǾҪȡʩǻصĸĵ·
ҶƽĻ˼ͷҶƽ⻰ǲָѵʡͷڷԸĸʡίʡҪһ


1450 һ
֮Ҷƽͬ£ȥҸ߿ƼҵȥӲ죬оҶΰǼҸ߿Ƽҵ
ҶƽҵӲ칤ҶΰӭӣЦҶƽ֡嶼еЩȡΪҲҶΰҵʱһֻһܾӭҶΰһǲġ
ԭȻ֪ģҶΰһ˰ԸȽУֲһ㣬ӭҲǺ¡
ҶƽһҶΰԳԵúܾˣʱҶΰҲЦסֳ֣һֺг̹ϵ
ҶܣҶʡҵҶʡһ°ɣҶΰֵʱЦŶҶΰ
ҶΰЦſҶƽһۣ˵ðϸܡ
ҶƽҲЦҶΰ˹˾Ĺң߽֮һҶΰҪܹ˾չ
ҶƽҪӲ߿ƼҵչûȥʲôڽĴĿýṹҪʵתͣ۵Ҫת͵ҵϣôһж̭Ĳܣչ߸ֵҵ
ʵⷽ棬Ϊһʣٵʵһýṹתǹԭķչ˼·ȥӦ÷չҪ󣬴þýṹת͵Ӳ̣ôȻҪѡ
ڶڰҪץþýṹתεĲҵѾĲˣ־ٵľӦҵշ糱飬ȥóʽǽҪǼӿҵṹʵ
֮Ҷƽоƶȫʡҵṹ߹涨һǼȨٽгһҪץþýṹתٽµ㣬ҲһѶȱȽϴĹĸѾ˹ڣҪӲͷˡ
Զʡʳֵξֳȥˣο˺ܴãߵΪʡһǳҪУܰôһҪнһʡίʡһµϡ
ͬʱߵίԶҲͣһԶ鵹Ե࣬ȫɽҲû˵ʲôԿԸܵ˲ˣοɺҶƽŰ취Լ׽˳εطԱеǳˡ
ԶǰңҶƽεˣҶ֪ģΨװȫɽ˽
ȻǲڳίϽοҶƽƣ˸ûԣʡίοʱҲʶҶƽο˲ųûõģĻֻԼȨһ£ûҪԹԵذοɺҶƽ˵Ҫȥá
ȫɽ˽һӴ飬Ҷƽοڹǣе쵼ȫˣֵߵУߵί֮ǰΪģΪһҲǲˣһֱ㣬ееҪ쵼ǶҪ
οҲǵģȫҶƽģҶƽðȥгοɱǳˣҶƽʡίƵġ
ȫɽȥνɣǱȽϹõģοɽԣοɲҪ׶ɲȻɲĲȵġȫɽ˵
ȫɽ˸һۣȻԼʡͷѾǺˣ˻ոٿϣĹΰЩǲ˵ַ۽ĻǵǱȽϲַʡ˴ΣʸϣȥοɽοҲǱȽӡ
һ̶ȫɽӦȥַ˵һ˵飬һַȥӦԣͷҲǸеֻˣ֮ǰ˴ЭίԱʽҶƽ𹥻û뵽ο˴ۣǲֱҶƽǾ£ַοɣָɲȶġ
ȫɽ׼ȥַ˵ʱַ۵İ칫ӭһȽĿˣһλˣַ۱ǼæЦӭӵҶΣþû˰ӭӭ
ҶᣬҶڸ۶ڼַ۽ӴȽ϶ַ֪࣬Ҷͨ󣬵ﲻ˶ҶἫΪأÿμǱȽ飬һҲ⣬ȻҶѾ뿪˸۶
ַۣҶ΢Ц֣Ȼַ۲֪еĿģΪҶѾ뿪˸۶ʱôֻأ
ַе֣ǱȻǴ棬ԴҶǳڡҶ֮ЦŶ˵ΣڿǸ۶Ĵˣܼһǲף
Ҷһַ۶ʱһҶδ˻ôѵ˸㲻𣿡
Ҷ΢ЦûУ˵Ǹ۶һ磬֮󣬸еЩëȻ۶һſɲеİɣҾأ
û뵽Ҷַ̾һʱ֪ضҶ˭ڰаܻңʲô۶һ磬ֱǺ˵˵Щ˾ڱۣǵĹٳӹ׻ˣҶΣң⻰˭ģȥô¡
ַ۴ʱͷǳ֣ˮû뵽ҶȻ˵£Ҷڸ۶ͨʲôϢô˵֮ǰڵʡίǵʱ򣬾˵Ǹ۶һ磬ֱӰʡίǺʡųˣʱȻ뵽Լڸ۶ʵۺȴ̲ס̹ȻƺӰ
ȻѾʡίˣûôȨˣȻеסˡ
Ҫǣ⻰ǴҶĿｲģŪҶ˵ĿĺͶҶᵽǹģĿģȰѹס˵⣿
ַﲻϵţǱȴװǳߵӣҶǰԲ̹ȻһƺţڵһӦοɺҶƽˣôһأ
Ҷῴǳߵӣͣһ£Ȼ΢ЦΣ˭˵ģͲҪˣֻǹһ໥һ£Ӧõģ˵ǲǣ
Ҷһַ룬æ˵Ҷ˵ǣллңôأ˵ңҲûа취Ѿ˾Ӷˣôأ
ַҶ½ԭ򰡣ε˲ɣԼú룬˭ű㣿
Ҷһؿ˿ַַۣɨһۣȴһʱеëȻҶǴ⹤ˣѵԼʲô
ʡͷʸ˻ǲַ࣬һ룬ԺʱֳοɺҶƽ˵ӰҶеʲô˼˭أ
ַ۸еһʱԺȻ̳ϵϽˣҶȴǸеЩˡ


1451 ¥Ҫ
ַһʱԺҶῴԼ˼˵Σڹ֮ǰҺǵҶʡ棬̸÷ǳ죬ǷǳصģҶʡǳᣬǰ;ԶӦҵ˼ɣ
ҶȻһַͻȻͬඥ·ںҹ￴һƹ⣬ҶҶƽȻ棡һֱ˵Ҷƽݱ񣬵û뵽ҶҲŹϵ
ҶƽһҶѵҶƽҲǼҵˣӹļϿҶƽڰʡҶḸ׵漮أôһˣ
Ҷƽ۶֮ǳһһе˼ȻûֱҶƽʲôͻǶĻҶƽ˼ҶƽˣȻҶһ飬ҶĻž֪ʲô˼ˡ
ַһ뵽飬ͷʱƺѣҶģĿҪҶƽΪѣõ֧ҶƽĹǶģȻһĿںҪ¶᲻ɣǸ۶һ磬ʡίǺʡʲô֪˻ô룿ЩҪǵ⣬ҶǸһѣһͿδˡ
ΣҶʡҲˣǺðȻҶʡʱ䲻ǹѾȡ˲ٵĳɼģ˴ǷǳϿɵģһʡ˴ҪӲһЩĿʡĹеһ֧֧ҶʡĹַæ̬
ַ⻰ҶЦЦ֪ԼĿǴﵽˣַףҪҶƽʲôԿһƺ̼񲻶Ȼٽַ۾ͷ
ַҲ֪ҶҶڸ۶ô꣬Ը۶ʡ˽ķǳһЩṩҶƽҶƽȫһЩٲʶȤȥҶƽǾǷǳǵˡ
Ҷַۼ棬񣬻ͷҶƽһ绰㶨ˡҶƽ֮󣬻֪ʲô˼ΪҶûк˵飬ȻһȻǸеס
ҶῴףǸ̸̸ַҶƽһ׹û뵽ҶֱȥַˣַʵĻӰӴУȫɽ˿ܻҪַ۵ġ
֪ԺҶƽһ룬ûַ۵֧֣ȫɽҲ㲻ʲôԼǲٵǻᰵиʲôСˡ
ַںҶ̸껰֮󣬱ȫɽ͸˶棬ǣ֧ʡίʡĹҶƽĹϵҪ޸ҪٸʲôСˣȻǿǲ
һַȫɽ϶ʱһ䣬ַƺҪͶˣòˡ
˿ǣַ۾˵οɺҶƽ˶ǳεˣͷûõģúõذԼĹò;ľͲҪˡ
󣬱˵Ҷƽڵ۵أ۳ҪΪĿꡣ
ַһɫǲڸεķزϰ壬̫ĹԱ˸ˣһҶƽģô찡
ʲô뷨ַһ䡣
ڱǻҪҶƽ
ַһ˵ҵĻҪŸЩ߰飬ŪСûˣûɢԺҪٸЩˡ
ַ۵Ļȫɽ˵ʵڵûĴڶ˺ܴãûʮǰģʱֻǴɲȻʮѾɳΪʡɲˣûûﵽĸ߶ȣҪɢȻЩǽܲˡ
ַˣҲֻȥܣַǰ˵ǷǳģַҪɢûôֻнɢˡ
۶ʡ֮󣬱ȻҪһɼаֹΰץԺ󣬻ûд쵼ҶƽһǷǳģֻܰѰӴֹۺΰСɫϣҪ׷εˣȻԭ۳ɷλϲ¹չȥȻ鵽¥۹ϵУȴûв鵽֮žϵĲ⡣
ûҲֻǲ鵽һ룬鵽Ҳûʲô϶ǲġȻͼ칤ܿЩ޶ԣڽˣһҪһЩɼ
ʡίº󣬸оԸҲòˣµĿȶ׼˻¥ʱ¥£һֱڸ۶ٳʶѷǳ࣬˵ǲôįÿ춼ھƳ϶ȹоǲֺȻʵҲĿģϣͨʽôҿûʲôҰˣ붢ҲҪһˣȻȻʡίĵȥְ񣬱ضΪ˵İбꡣ
һУǱˣǻһãȻҶƽȴûκõģΪԻ¥ķݣǶķһʱץİѱǲԶץ
¥ʱԽСΪַ۵ĻҲ֪ûҪɢֻҪһɢûϵıӻܾҪʧΪɢԭΪǰƲԣƲԵ£ҶֻԼ˭ȥܱˣְλֻͣҪ£˿û˻ġ
͵͵ۼһ¸棬Ϊû󣬶۲ǹԱ̸һ̸ⷽ飬һһô죬еĻ׼
źڶȥǹһڹڣڹƶһܺõ飬ǲ򲻵֮ʱǲϣģ˹ʲôҲǣڹٻĸɲȻûʲôʵȨˣְλ
¥Ҳ뿪ڣҪȥ㽭ƼȻԣôͲҪٴڹڣͻ¥һ˳Ҫ¥ǹԱҪģһܴ鷳
¥Щü۱ǴӦһٵ֤ͨԼ뿪ڣȥ㽭ת
¥һ룬ȴһʱò⣬Ͼһܴľߣһ뿪һоͶˣڹڽѣ򲻵Ѳ
۸磬ȰŪһٵİɣҲڹڴˡ¥׼
˻¥Ļ۵˵ͷ¥ʱѾû˶־ﷴỵ£ȻǵģԼ뿪ڣ˱һӰȫ顣


1452 ȥ
˻¥ڵζгڼΥ漰һ㽭򵱵عԱİ֮ǰΪӲûаûе鵽ھʡίԱĲиŬڲ鵽顣
ȻʡίԱʼѰһ¥ʱȴǷҲˣ¥ǶˣʡίԱȥʡίˣֻ¥ѾûϰˣֻҲǲͨˡ
ʡί참Ա̰࣬һʱеżʱôû¥أѾùزȡ߿شʩѵܷɳڲɣ
빫άȡϵԻ¥ȡ߿ֶλ᲻ֲõ飬ά͸ǲܵģǻ¥ֶͨγˡ
ùάһ»¥û뿪ڣû뿪ڣǲܵطˣܵطˣüԻ¥ȫͨ
˽Ļά̰ԱԻ¥ʧٰе飬¥źȫڹ⣬ĹԱ͸̨ˣ¥Ƕ𣬼ʹͨźҲɵá
ڰ깫ά֮󣬻ҶƽͨҶƽҶƽһ¥Ȼʧˣеǳ֣ԱʧٻǼٳֵ£ʵǻ¥Ǳˣֻǲ֪˹⻹Ȼڹڡ
ڹڣֻҪͨǿˣ˹⣬ǾǱȽ鷳Ҫʲôģǳʱӣȫֵ۳ɷ鲻ʱͲ鵽ʲô¥ͱ˫ˡ
Ҳֻùصһ»¥ȥˣֵģһܲõӰ죬ǳ˻ڹǱˣһӰ죬ˣֻҪץĸԱĸ֤ݣһҪΪǿԲ֪֮ȻŻܣ۶ط߾̫Ǿ̫ˡ
¥֮ǰֻǺ˵ˣ˭Ҳû˵ǮԪʤ˶֪һǲ֪飬̸֪֮еǳԾû뵽¥᲻ˣæȥۣԥ˵˻¥ӵ
һͷ֪ʲôζ¥ĳһ߲ŭȶӴԻ¥ĵ飬Ļ²ֻǲ鴦һ¥ôˡ
ΪڹԱ˵˽⣬ڹȥǾѹǷǳصģȻΪѹˣǱϾǳõӰ죬Ի¥ӣԲһС£鷳
Ҷƽʤȥһ˸ģҪӪõͶʻͬʱȨٽ˽ȥ˽һ
ϰֻ˽³ȥ˽Ϊֻ˽⵽ʵɲӡ
ȻϢǷǳͨģʡڲΣиֱиţЩǶֵĲϣ㴫ݣδʧ棬пܱҲпܱСͬʱпܰһЩõڸˡ
ֻԵȥһһĸܣָͨϿģȻĹæǳʱһЩҲǿԵġ
ҶƽʤֻͷһкȻų⳵ȥġ֮Ҷƽʤһ˳ȻʵС㿼һ£ǽȥʲô飿
ʤһ룬˵ҶʡһгҪȥ쿨ɣ
Ҷƽʣʲôǹг
ʤһͷЦˣҶƽΪʡȻžǱϾǺͨϰղһͨϰջܶС£ȻҶƽǲĵġ
ʤæ͵ҶʡǱ߾һƬгҪˢ֮ǰģһֱûü죬ھȥ
Ҷƽһ˵ɫаǺ£Ҳһɡ
ʤæ˵Ҫ֤Ҷʡ֤𣿡
ҶƽЦЦҲǹôû֤أýһˡ
û뵽Ҷƽϻ֤ʤҲóԼ֤档
ҶƽһȥǷ˵ǲ٣һǷڷĹԱеͷϸһֻ֪
棬ԱǷǳҪģ벻ֻ̬Ȳã˾ò
źö൥λĴʤ˼ۣǷ˰гĴڣڳǹֵܾĴ
ʤСصҶʡȥ
ҶƽڿŴڲɲΪ˰гģſһôǲǷҪڿûдﵽӣźܴĸĽռ䡣
һʤҶƽŶһǸ˹ȥһͨ·ȥͨϰղ࣬˭Ҳ뵽ʡ
ߵǹֵܾĴڣʤһһ˶ûУֻһŮԱһСԼͷȥǳƺûвʤҶƽ˵ĵ
Լʤǽһͬ־г
ŮԱŤͷɨһۣģ˵
һ䣬תͷСȥˣʤһ棬ҲûʲôԼʲôҶƽʱҲǿСô̬ô˼£ĶԴæԼ飬ʲôӣ
λСͬ־µģǲҪӴһǰҶƽ˹Ƿǳ˵
СһŤͷҶƽĿشһͻȻʵں˭أ˭Сͬ־Сˣ
СƢСҶƽסЦ˵ôᣬҽһСͬ־ʲô𣿡
Сһ۵㲻ͬ־㲻ܽСͬ־ǸʲôģҪŶȥ
ô˵ģܲܿһ㣡ʤһСҶƽǳòŭС˵
һʤ˻Сһӣ˵ʲôû˵㣬첻죬
ʤС̬˶ӣжʱӻˣΪʡ飬ʲôʱܹһʱָС쵼ǾΪϰհµ𣿡
ʤڼҶƽһʤ
ʤһҶƽæҶƽһۣ侲ʱԱһʹŮǸС˼ʤӰ첻á
СܵһҲƽȻ˵Ҫʲô
гʤûضС˵
СʱҲִӰ칫һűȻʤǰ˵
ʤ˿ȻֻͷһҶƽҶƽһʱû˵ſ￪ʼ


1453 ֳ
ʤҪǸССʱȴˣתԱߵһйԱ˵˻ʤ˼
СʤͷȻǷǳǴߴٵͬ־ˣ鷳Ұһ¡
ʲôûæ𣿰֤ùСͷŰۿʤһۺ˵
ҶƽվԱ֪ΪʲôϰհˣΪЩԱ̫ˣԵôôʲôʲô벻ɫͲɫ̬ôܽ÷
Сãҹгʤջ֮ʱͻȻһŮ˹ЦŶС˵
СһЦ˵ˣ֤ûУ
ˣˡŮһ˵һߴӰó֤
Сӹ֤Ȼóһű˵㣬һ£Ͼ͸Ūá
Ů˴Сӹ񣬱ǰСķԸСԴŮ̬ȷǳ飬ֱӰʤʤȻˣǶСղŲ˵ŶҵĿûа꣡
ʤһСֱûҶƽ֪ŮӦСˣСԴǳģȻԴǰµͨȺ̬ȴ˶ӣĵᣬǶԷĽһӰ졣
ҲȫԱ̬ȣԱ֮Ի̬ȣҪǶȱٽƣɲ˴˲ˣɺδػõãֻ֮£Ȼ˵ĶԣγɹϰȻȱٷʶˣҪǿ裬ҪĻҪ˵ĻԣͬʱҪǿԱĳͽ䣬ֻ涼ϲС
һӣҶƽ֪ǲ˳ˣͨϰչǿ϶һᣬСæ꣬ٸ죬ϰվ͵ͰȻѰ죬ʤСһСֱӲˣղһᣬС͸ˡ
⻹Ǹĵķ̬ȣط²ö٣Ҷƽһ룬ʤһ£˼뿪ʤᣬǿСһۣСҲǿһۣһӡ
Ҷƽʤ߳ģҶƽ˵ʤ绰鳤֪ͨΪϹͬʱейҪ￪ֳᣬʡزŸҲһ֪ͨ
ҶƽĻʤ̸绰֪ҶƽҪ󣬱֪̽ͨΪͻȻӵʡ칫绰˵ҪڸٿֳᣬһڣϾ͹ȥⲻе֡
룬̸δ绰׼ҶƽҪϵֳᡣһӵ绰Ȼ̽æٿвԱڷڲɨҪԱ񣬵쵼֮󣬺úñһ¡
ڲĹԱͻȻ˵쵼Ӳ칤ͷǲԹΪ쵼һǾͲˣ͵ΣȻҪֺ̬ȣϷһ㣬Ǹеǳܡ
ȻͷˣǱð쵼ҪĻǿ϶ǲеģؼʱҪڱ֣ûа취顣
Ҷƽʤʱûٽ뵽ȥߵһԽеȴҶƽվԱ߱ȽۣʤǽȵԱߵĿһϢһ¡
Ҷƽ˰֣ûͬ⣬վ￴ԱߵĽ˼һЩ飬ŴǰҴ߹Ⱥ룬ŵЩȺУҲͨһӣҲҪΪŸƶԱѵʱ϶Ҳ
ֻصȥһЩʱŻһЩ£Ϊʡ϶ŲٵȨʲôǲҪ˵ɫģȻߵ˰ãȻͨϰȴûȨˣȻҪΪϰṩֻܵõϰյӵҪǿ裬ǿʶ
ҶƽֻȺڵȥᵽζȻһֱ߸ϣô֪ȺڵļࣿȺڵļֻᵽܶԼһǿĳܣĳ֮󣬲ȥ취ıһС
Ҷƽվ˼ʤǳϵؿЩ˼飬һʡǺܼȵվɫؿΧһУͨ˱޶£쵼̫˸жˡ
ʶĹԱУҲ˵ʡһССĴߵĶĪ棬ָʹԲҶƽֻӰվŽϵһС
ҶʡˣԼжʮӣʤͻȻΪˣǰӵؼҴҵعˡ
ҶƽһۿȥΪǲûзԼǶʤ˵ȷ鳤
˱ûжΪһʱûзǣֻӵ֪ͨ˵ҶƽѾģ뵽Ҷƽܵվţûн
֮ΪǿγӭӣһʵҶʡأ
ΣһȻ˵гҶʡûкһ
Ϊһ˵ҽӵ֪ͨ˵ҶʡѾˣûм
һеˣ˵ûм׼ӭأ˹
Ϊһüͷǲʡ칫֪ͨˣֻȹȴһ£Ҷƽһ
һ룬Ϊ˵׼ôˣҶʡӷĽ裬һҪһҪôڵķΪ棬һҪѡߵԱûУ
һΪĵ˵ƽʱԷĽץǱȽϽģԱǴӸλԱһЩרƸԱʶǺܸߡ
ΪȻ벻ԼǰţƤŴһ﹤ԱĹ
ʱеĹԱǽս״̬СҲǺϸغȺ˵ŻʵʱµȺںˣΪȵҶƽˣǻ׼еȺڶϳȥӰ쵽ҶƽӲ칤
Ϊһ˵ҪȺڣҶʡ֪˿϶ˣҪüȺڹ£ֳǷĵķ
ĵһǣרŰżȺڹ£ȲҪǰˣǵһᣬȵҶƽ֮ٸ죬Ҷƽһ
һţΪûֹҶƽ˵ٿֳᣬȻҪֳҶƽȺڰˣһûȺô죿Ҳ٣ֻǰʱһ£Ⱥһ°ˡ


1454 
ΪȥʮӺ󣬷ˣҶƽϵҶƽ֪ˣǸԼſڣֱӹˡ
ȵ֮Ҷƽ˹һ˵Ϊ˰ɣ
Ҷƽһ۵ոսȥڽȥɡ
˱ӵҶƽ߽ΪţһͷҶƽˣǼæ߹ӭӵҶʡˡ
ΪԼ˵Ҷƽһ۵Ϊͬ־Ѵҽйһ½ķûģ
ΪһЦ˵϶İһġ
ҶƽǺһЦôţǸ㶪𣿡
Ϊ̵ôأҶʡ㿴Ⱥأ
Ҷƽɨ˴һ۵Ⱥڰ°ǺðҲȥһԣΪͬ־ǲҪҹȥ
ΪЦҶʡȥһ£ֻǲ֪Ҫʲô°
ҶƽתʤСȥгɣ
ʤһᣬ˵õҶʡˣһ졣
ҶƽʤһһͣΪ񿴵ҲǸеƣǲʲô£
ҶƽʤǴ̤ǸСĹ̨ǰΪĵҲǰ棬ҶƽʤгһҶƽʤܵѵķĻҶƽһеǳˡ
Сʱϣ쵼Ӳ֮ץ뿪ȻԼ£˭֪һͷǿ쵼ˣʱеΣͷҲתǰĵԣʱĹ̨ǰûȺڹ¡
Ҷƽʤ߹֮󣬱ǿʤǺһͬ־ҪŹг
Сһתͷһ־ȻǸղŹˣѵȺڹϷģ΢Ц֤𣿡
΢ЦӣʤȴǸеЦЩǿΪʱö˶ڿأʤ˿ղŲñҪʲô֤
С￴ʤеǳˣҲ쵼ǰɣ
㲻Ǹչʲôʱ˰Сװ֪˵
ҶƽվԱһվС㻹ϵ𣿡
ҶƽվԱߣСһʱţûע⵽Ҷƽһ˵һʤˣʱסˣô£ǹҲ
ҲʶˣСﱾܵطϵ
ҶʡĹԱҵǷǳġαֺõǰҶƽܵ
ҶƽŤͷɨһ۵ģŶҸҪúһˡ
СһνҶƽΪҶʡһӸеͷԷˣվνͰ͵˵Σңҡ
Сһʱ֮仰˵ˣĵһǸеĪʱֵʱʡܵǼķ񰡣ôԼúøʡأ
СţվɶҶʡŹгαǼæ˵
Сﲻתͷ˿Ҷƽʤˣһʱ治֪ʲôˣղҶƽʤˣȴûкúΪҶƽʤ˷Ҷƽʤ˾Ȼ쵼ܵ
ӣҶƽûȥΪǶΪΪͬ־ǲҪΪλСͬ־ˣ߰ɣ
ҶƽһγƺСΪСͬ־СҲˣǸмؿ˿ҶƽҶƽ뿪վԽܡ
Ϊ֪飬˵Ҷʡ칫г𣿡
Ҷƽ㿴λСͬ־Ϊǰڷǳ
СӣΪ񲻽ǿ˷һۣ˵ûаźãȻһԱڹ̨Ҷƽûá
һΪͷǸеˣΪˣͷһ뷨ʰǴʱȴΪΪС̫ˣȻؼʱӣҲˡ
ҶƽߵһȥΪֻø˹ȻѴҴԱߵһ棬̸
Ҷƽº󣬱ǿ˿˵ղŵδҲˣ֪ǸСΪʲôἤ֪ΪСг𣿡
Ҷƽһʣαæ͵ղСűȽϽţƽʱûм棬һʱɵġ
Ҷƽɨ˻᳡һ˵ʵߴң֮ǰҾͺСˣʱСҲгȻ֪λСôΪС𣿡
һҶƽΪζʱһ벻Ҷƽʤ֮ǰˣһС棬ֲҶƽ˵Сﻹʶ
Ϊһʱû˵Ҷƽ˵ղҺСһͨȺڵݰгȻڲһǣ̬ȼΪӣϰڼ䴦񣬵ǵ˵ʱȴǷǳ飬ֱǱ죬˵ʲô˵ͨȺڵʱ򣬸ûһŷģԼںܸߵλãǰµȺڷںܵ͵ĵطȻһֹү磬ֻĴһͨĹԱ̬ȣɼĵĽʲôˣһֱǿתְܣǿ裬ȻΪڵλǸӣǴڵλأǱҪ
ҶƽһΪĵϺܲÿˣһʱ֪˵ʲôҶƽһۼ˵ǹʴУ˻ոտӣǾͲҪ̸ˣ˵飬˵ȫС̬ȲãѰȫСϣǲǺܰģС䲻󣬵ѾϰȾ˲ٵĹϰЩϰģƽʱĿȾģ˷µҪԭʲôǵ쵼ûù쵼ûи߶ӣ쵼شŹϰͬ־ǣ۶ҪչҪת˼Ҫת磬ҪȨȨĿĻתְܣڿЧѰΪͬ־ǸݵгܸˣרŰйҪ̸һ̸飬ûʡгݵʱ򣬵£õʲôĴʩˣıģλ˼ǾͻףжôҪǼϵκأֻץȺڸܵǽľģ죬רٿֳᣬΪҪСѿôҿνһһοչܴﵽǿĿġ


1455 㱨
ҶƽĻڻ᳡صҶƽ˵ûѰӴСϣСֻһ壬֪ʡĻǸʮҲȻʡֻһͨȺȴǧǧСֻʡһˣͨϰأڹؼǸû飬ûаá
ΪҶƽĻ֮еڣҶƽڵˣһʱ²̨ˡ
ȻܵײҶƽϾСĲԣȷʵûнãĵƭȥԺһҪúһΡ
Ϊ룬εʱȻǳˣôܻ뵽Ҷƽٿֳ֮ǰǹһأ֪ҶƽĵһȰźðںˣҶƽ൱ǷǳȻûе֡
ΪֻҶƽǰ̬ȥԺһҪǿ裬ѷʵãһƷƣһƷƣùϰնпڽԱ
鿪ԺҶƽǺͷһȥˣΪͳ⣬ȻʲôҲû˵Ҳ뿪ˣһãΪ񵱳ȡʲôʩȻΪûֱˣǺܲˣ˵ΪͷһŻȥδ
г顭μæ׷ȥȥһ¡
ΪȴǸᣬͷһ۵ԼŰɡ
ȻֱϰµϽγ뿪˷ѷֱӸɹһƬţȻŭ
ڶ죬СǱνƸ뿪˷СȷʵڴڹƢûзʶֻΪĨڡ
ΪȥԺ󣬱ٿоƽ飬ڻϾǰĴݺݵһ٣ȷʵŪò񻰣ȻҶƽץˣȷʵû档
ԺΪȫɽ㱨ѷθˣ°˹ȥȫɽĻ㱨֮һ£ҶƽȷʵԽԽˣȻԼȥ£ֱǲ˼鰡
Ϊ˵ҶƽǲרǸеģȫɽ˵
һȫɽΪһ˵û취ɣʡפ⣬ȥ˽ãҲֻܵˡ
ȫɽϴȥ˴ҵ԰ȥ˷ÿһζŪѿһҲǣʡãУ
Ϊ֪ȫɽҶƽһֱҲǶҶƽ¸ȷʵܱΪǴڵλڵλûнãûʲô˵ġ
ҶƽȥԺٿһȫʡԵĹ飬оȫʡĴ蹤ڶʵһվʽ񣬷蹤һڣͬʱҲһ⡣
úõذŲһ£ʱ򹫰ڰѻ¥ٸˣ¥ȻǳˣӵĹ¥ֱӳģǾ㽭ת뿪ġ
¥ڳӹ̵еõ۵İά߽ʱ򣬽еˣòײ鵽¥飬ܵȥˣ¥һܵҪɾǺѣ¥ûа취гʹˡ
Ҷƽ֪֮һ¥ȻˣȻǸеȽջ𣬱οһ£ô飬¥ڳӣ֤¥ϵⲻ٣¥һֱǮԪʤӣ¥⣬ǮԪʤûзʱǲҪǮԪʤҲȡʩ
οҶƽ˰죬ǰѽҲйȥмί㱨¥ӵҰ뻨¥ǮԪʤԼ潻Ҳ㱨һ£мί쵼顣
֮󣬱ǵͷеҲǷǳش󣬱Ͼ漰һλʡɲˣһ飬һֻҲһս
Ҷƽο֮󣬽ȥʵ飬ڽȥͬʱҶƽҲǼһ׳
ʱոҲ죬ƽԶˣҶҲˣҶƽ֮ȻҪȥƽԶƽԶ֮󣬱ڸ۶
Ҷƽ㱨һ£ƽԶ֮󣬱Ǹе۶ط̫ˣҶƽ߹пȥ뿪۶طȥʡȥ
뵽ƽԶ˵ƽʡʡίǽ־ƽҪ˾Ӷߣ벻ȥ
Ҷƽһᣬͷʱһ˵ְ֣ҵ۶һģٵʡ𣿡
ƽԶ֮ǰûڸ۶۶طЩȽ⣬ȥ۶һɣһˣܿ뿪۶ġ
Ҷƽ룬ڸ۶ȷʵеЩģһˣڲ뿪۶
룬Ҷƽְ֣Ҿ͵ҵ߰ɣʱڸ۶Ǳ߸ɣһɼߡ
Ҷƽ뷨ƽԶȻҪ뿪۶ֽһЩ飬עˡ
ҶƽƽԶ̸飬ȥ׳㱨Ѹ۶׳һ£ȻðѸ۶ڵˡ
ҶƽھǴ죬׳㱨ǳ˳ᵽ֯ûǳ裬̰йزŵ£мίй쵼˹ͨ
֪Ҳ˾ǣмί쵼㱨깤֮ھ档Ҷƽ֮󣬱мί㱨
͸мί׼ɵǰ۶黨¥¥֮ǰεؼг˴γɵӰǳӣмίһҪС
мίľģҶƽ֪һĹҪһЩˣûһѹһЩǲʵģֻѹˣǲʶԼĴ
ƽڸ۶ð֮ͻȻҶƽ¡
ҶƽһЦԼô֪䡣
ǵҲںܿ뿪۶㲻һֱʡɣѾˣֵʡҾӦһ֣ʡίǲǣʺϵһ֡
˵ҶƽһЦʡҲһְʡҲһ
಻ǺһЦô˵ֻʡһ֣ȫʡΧھͲ˰˵Բԣ
ģǷǳ֧ҵĹģ˭һֻҪѹþУȥƽЩҶƽЦŶԽ˵
ҶƽֻЦǺҶƽҶƽʲô̬ܾҶƽʡЩŲֽţΪЩطϵĴʱʡ϶ûʡί


1456 
ҶƽӾǻͷҲһ۶Ĺ۶ĹҪǴٽĸ˵ȥרҴĿһʾԼı졣
ȻȥһһЩͶˣЩͶ˲˵ϼĿ۶ֲȥͶʰ쳧ʲôڵͶʡ
ѹڸĸϣɻᴥһЩ˵棬γһȻһЩǰеȽѵĵطĸﲢһ׵£һ׳ɼΪڵĸĸﲻǹȥĸĸˣȥĸĸֻҪͷˣȴǽˮˮĸĸ˸еЩսսı
ʵΣؼڵĸĸһһЩеˣǳĸ˶ˣЩ˼ȵ棬ͻ᲻ԸٸĸˣԸĸĻ޷赲ֻӦ
ҶƽеЩӦһ棬ƺе޷ΪӦһԻ󣬿ȥܻʵȴѡ
ڿһЩĶһЩϰųˡϰʲôأҶƽͷȻ֪ģʵ¥ǮԪʤЩ˸ʲôϰȻȴǿһĻãҶееܲ⣬Ի¥Ż뱻ߡ
ͬʱǮԪʤ۵ĽҲᱻעϰֻʡ߲ڲҶƽĿ峺ؿ˿⣬ʡİ칫棬ڸеԼΨһˡ
ΪʡһԾŶȻ˱ΥôﲢеԼȨж󣬷һֱϷŪĸо
ҶƽھһֱϷŪĸо˴ȥǷӳҲЩȻѷͰҸŽʡڰȥ˸ߵег
Ȼʡ鳤Ҷƽʡ칫Σһ߽ʵȨȻûΪø߽̫뷨ȻѾ뷨ˡ
ΪʡӦΪ֣ȻʵȴǸʡûиʲôæЩΪãǱ֮߸ӿ϶ǲеġ
ʡ΢ϵʵһЩҲǿˣֻһ֪鲻˵˴ֻˣʱһѡ⣬վҶƽ߻վڸǱߣɻӰ쵽ʡĹ
鲻άȥˣҪһı䶯ԼԼҲԤеҲǲ뿪۶طȻٴŪ󣬳Ҷƽ뿪ȻҪٴ鷳
һӣҶƽӽһ£Ҷƽ㱨ĴˣҶƽȻܸܵԼǳڲϵĿǲŹԼ£ģٶֻľ֮ģ˱޼䡣
Ҷƽһ룬ֻܾά־棬ȴİšʱŹȥһ£мίܽפ۶黨¥Ӱ鳤һмίδӣ֮οҶƽ˶Ӽ˵һС
οɺҶƽŽҪõȫҪʱбǶ˷ǳӵȫ⣬Ȼ̴Ӧ
ȻΪߵ黨¥ӣʵǶԸ۶ڵһЩе飬ΧŻ¥ܵ飬ӶΪмί쵼߶Թݡ
פ֮Ϣй¶˳ȥûв͸ǽȻ˵ҪܣЩǸ޷ġ
ǮԪʤ֪ϢһϢЩģΪ¥һֱӣڻ¥ˣٵǺܴ󣬱Ҳڲ᲻¡мίһ϶˵Ĳɡ
ǮԪʤеͷûеˣһܿʼȥǽл˾֮һЩνмˣһмԸҪԪܰƽ
ǮԪʤеĿܴ󣬵־ͷǲģֻԼǮһ룬عͷȥۣмˣæƽ
۴ʱҲǸоˣΪ¥ӵ£Ѿüί֪ˣֻǼίڻûܾñڶһֻþǻе
˵ǮԪʤҵھͷǳͨˣǸе˾ǣȻ˵򣬵Ƕ˵ֱСһǺǮԪʤһǣԪмС
򽻵м֮˱Ǹеͷ˵أôˡǮԪʤǲҪ뿪ڣһ¶ܣҪȥ㽭
룬ǸٵһȣһЧǮԪʤһеҲǵģܰ׻Ҫ᲻𵽺ܺõá
˵ҲɣǮԪʤھǻԪʱмίڸ۶ĵ鹤ѾӽβȵǴӾǻʱмίǿʼʰ׼ؾˡ
ǮԪʤһм˻ģǮһȥмίԱˣ˵Чˣ˸еЩȸԾԴмίԺǮԪʤһֱҶ۷׷ף˵ܿҪֻʱ飬뻨¥֮ܵĹᣬ¥ˣҲҪܡ
ǮԪʤʵҲܣȻŻڹڣֻжڹѧܵĻ϶һܣĻĿ̫ױ¶뿴һ˭ҲԸӰһӣͥȫˣܳȥ֮δػкӹڼǧպãһѰ
ǮԪʤʱûܣǻƺƽˣ͸ûбҪˣֻҪڹܴסͲȥܣһ¥ӵ¿϶Ҳйزˣܣ
ǮԪʤмί֮ͷǷſ࣬Ҳ¶Цݣڴ֮ǰÿİ칫¥ǳģһǷǳˣԱҲ˽۷׷ףȴǰֳʲôײǹȥ
ǮԪʤԤʵǶԵģмί֮󣬱ǰĿⶢסΪ뻨¥һӺܶ꣬һ鶫е飬޷ģԵ۶֮ҪʵⶼԵ黨¥еģϢй¶Ĳ࣬ǮԪʤҲʵʲôӣֻһԤжѡ
ǮԪʤʱӹ⣬϶ӲȥģΪίѾˣôٳӵĻԼ¶ˣǮԪʤѾڼί֮УȥǻЩˣЩ鶼üί˸ˣֻʱûжҪ߲쵼ĽһţȻȡһԲչ١


1457 汻
ϵǣڸ۶ٳһֱ紫ǮԪʤܳ°һֱûзмί˰죬ûвʲôƺһзƽ˾ˣ¥ķ粨ƺˣǵע⡣
ǮԪʤӵм˵ĵ绰˵һжƽˣİɣΪ˱ٴ˻ϣʲôⶼˡ
ӵм˵绰ǮԪʤѾЩȷˣмͨı£Ȼܰƽ򻨵ֵֻǻҪҪٸмأ
飬֪ǮȻ˵ֻһСĿڰƽĶǮԪʤ˵£ǮԪʤȴһëΣЩˣϾһϵƣǮԪʤҪһѪɣ
һ룬ǮԪʤûκҪѪıʾֻĬĬӦԪƲ֣˵мֻҪ򣬾ҪҲÿǸ
Ǯ۸ȥˣǮԪʤͷǷģֻҪƽͲʲôĵˡһȥ뷨ƽ飬һźúñһ£ӰӵĹһǰյʱͷеԸ
ҶƽǿƽĸѶߵгΪǿƽĸĵطίǳ־ϣ־ڱȽܰͼƽȻίǣڼǿ跽ϴ󣬶гοɰŹȥģ˵ϵĲ
ߵڰȥԺĸ﷽˺ܴߵίȥߵеʱ䲻ο۶ȥģڰϵҲá
Ҷƽ˶͸ߵطӲĸĹȥ˸ߵУߵвãԹһ£Ҳְ֧ҵĹ
Һ͸ߵί˹һ㱨ĹҶƽǵĻ㱨֮󣬸оǳ⣬ĺòãؼˣֻҪѡˣͺȻʹٺãҲץġ
ڸߵӲ깤֮Ҷƽȥ˶ǵڶˣǰһʱӲģǵڶˡ
һμֳѴڵڿûˣҶƽڳɨ˽һۣǰٶˡ
ֲǲУǲܳһЩΥһΥӣƱػӰ쵽İܻ½һȰ޽޶ȵĻκ鶼ǲܴںܾõġ
Ҷƽȡ˳־ϵĹ㱨Ȼеĸ߿ƼҵӲ칤ԭ߿ƼҵչĲôִҵյķ糱ҶƽҪչ¼ҵʵ־òҵת֮ĸʼҵеŤתһ¡
һЩҵˣʵһֺ£ҶƽᵭԶҵշ糱ԭ򣬼ȻЩҵ޷Թʾյģʹô֧ҲûõġЩҵһֱ˼ȡȱ¾ֻ׬һЩļӹѣЩӹ޷Ϊ۵ͶĲƸķչģʽѾ޷Ӧǰķչˡ
־ڶйòҶƽͷеܰοȻ˵ĿǰǴһ⣬ϲȽ⣬һ룬ǾǮԪʤͻ¥˱̵붫ľǷǳȷġ
ڻ¥ӣ˺ܻӰ죬ڶмôĺǸصġ
Ҷƽڶһ죬־ϵȫͬӲ칤飬˺ܶ˵ע⣬ǮԪʤʱǳע£ΪҶƽȥ˶Ӳ죬еǲǶеǹȥˣҶƽԶйĿ϶ǲǲ׷ȥˣ
ʱʡͷͻȻ˱仯ͻȻʡְֻǳͨĸʡһúܶ˸е۾ʡľõλ۶ʡ޷ȵģҲ˵ʡͨĸʡǵʡҲڸ۶γʡ
һʡͻȻתΪһʡͨʡһǹʡĵط˭Ǹе˼飬һǳʲô£Ļš
ʵҶƽе֣Ȼ֮ǰ㱨һЩüʹ棬Ҳᰲһ볣ʡӦλӣȻ϶ǲԸģڿûаһаţǳУѸֱӰΪʡһͨʡ
ڱǰӵ鲿֪ͨȥ̸ģ鲿Ҫ쵼ͬ־̸ľ֪Ժ󣬸˾סˣһʲôŰⲻǵڰ𣿹ǸطڹȥǾ֮أԼȥְ͵ˡ
治˵鲿Ҫ쵼ͬ־ĳضͬ־ΰ뿼Ǹ۶ʡĹʵģΪһԱҪİţ˵ĽǴҪģӹĴֲҪģ鲿һͬ־ȥʡΡ
鲿Ҫ쵼ͬ־Ļø治κεĲˣæʾ밲ţȥԺȥΡ
įػص˸۶ʡ󣬸۶ʡѾҪȥְ飬ʡڲԱѾʼ۷׷ף֪Ϊʲô³
ȻΪһͨĸʡλѾǲˣǴӳʡظʡȴúܶ˽ܲ˵飬ڹٳϲ£ȷʵһͻ⣬⵼֯޷ѲʤְĸɲʹҪãҲҪнڣɲ˴
뿪ʼ⣬Ҫϲµ⣬øʱײǹϣǳʵɲµĵ͡
ȥ֮ҲֻԳĻеѿȫɽ֪֮棬ôһ£̸ġ
ǰˣȫɽһʱҲ͸˼ͻȻ뵽ζʲôأڸ汾˵϶һõˣأǲҲԤʾʲô
룬Ƕȫɽ죬ҸоһҶƽҵ״ˣϵĲãжָǺ£֮Իᱻϣ϶йء
ȫɽһͷҸоҲǣȻԵ޹ôᱻ۶ʡȥǸطҲʵίˣҿŶΪ򱧲ƽ
̾ʲô취ľɸĵģҲֻзˡ
ȫɽһҲĬȻ浽˵ʲôҲûˣҪֻܹҶƽ״ˣĻҲ־ߣҶƽΣҶƽȥûκǰ;ġ
ȫɽǴˣ̸˰Ļ֮󣬱ǸеΣˣҲǸΣһпܻ۵ʱƣȡһʩĻһпܾҲһľ


1458 ȫɽ
ǮԪʤ֪֮˾ǴסˣʡҪԭʡѡ֮һȻȴǱ˹ʡǷǳˣѲɸҪʲô
ǮԪʤͷǸеЩɻˣҪȥģôȴǳ⣿Լİ칫棬ǮԪʤָеˣæȥһ绰齲һ£۴ʱȻҲ֪飬ǮԪʤЩţǮԪʤһмˣһʲôм֪һЩ顣
ǮԪʤǼæмȥ绰Ȼʱм˵ĵ绰ȴѾͨˣеǳԾˣмôϵأ
ǮԪʤеӼˣмô£Ȼϵˣ뵽ȥϵˣһӵĵ绰ǰæϵһԣһǸػ˵м˳ˣϵϣȻعٸϵ
˵м˳ˣǮԪʤһʱֻ֮òмϵڵˣһһɡ
ȥ˹ʡְȫɽڸ֮󣬱ǿʼٿ˴չĸ󿪷ŹƽᣬҪѸݽȫһĹʴУѸĸеס
ȫɽͻȻ֣֮ȻҪҶƽο˿һģΪеЩѹˣҪҶƽο˱һ£˵ǽʡίʡߵģȡҶƽο˵½֧֡
ȫɽȻ˵һЩʡ̫Ǵ˵ΪݵķչһĹ׵ģ˻ϵĳɹٿ˲ٵĹҶƽԴ֪ġ
ͬʱȫɽ֮ĹϵǺУˣȫɽԸ˵ǱȽϲģҶƽο˿תʡίʡָ߶һ£ͷǱȽܽˡ
ΪűǰȫɽҪʡҶƽ㱨ҶƽΪ棬ȡΪĹʾԴҶƽĴڵĴȡúܴĳɼȥþͲκˡ
ΪĻ㱨Ҷƽһ£ֻҪȫɽΪܹʡίʡҪ£ûҪ˭ΪУϾҶΪ˹ֻҪ໥ϣһǱȽദġ
ڸ汻ϵĵ죬ʡʡѡҲˣѡҲҶƽû뵽ģѹʡʡάеγʡ൱Ե
ֻά൱ְ൱ڽְάҶƽԭеίǵĸ֣ڹγʡһ棬ӵ
άУǺóʱûˡҶƽӵ֮󣬽άе˵
άҲǸ˵صƽʡһ˰ɣһμ㻹ھǣʱ찡뿪Ҳ˰ɣ
ҶƽЦʱ̫ˣû뵽ڸ۶طˣֻ뵽֣Ե֣
ά̹ЦҲҶƽԵ֣ȻֺҶƽһˣֻ˵ְλ˱䶯ȥһĵط
άеγʡǿǵҶƽ⣬ΪάԭҶƽӣո˸ʡǸγʡˣҲǶάеһá
ҲҪ˲ţάдҲߣúһ£һŸá
άеһԵ̸ıʡ״ԭҶƽܾ֮òԾάһǸĹˣ߽ʸеѹȽϴˣ涼ˣʡ鳤λѾ˺ܳʱ䣬ٲλӣԼûȥˡ
룬߽Ҷƽ㱨˸˵һ뷨뿪ʡ鳤λӣȥְλһЩ顣
߽ʡ鳤ֻļεĻȻһθʡĸɲȻʡҶƽ޷ҵģȥεؼе쵼ЩʣҶƽֻ˵Լ뷨ԱҶƽǸš
Ҷƽ˸߽ʵĻ֮󣬵ǾǱȽ֪ȤģȻ֪ȤǾͺð죬οһ£ܲ뽨һ£ø߽ʵʡ˴ϰ࣬ʡ˴Σһ𣬲Ȼ˰ʡ鳤ȴûŪһʡɲǾЩ̫ˡ
οɿ߽ȷʵʡˣôһ¸߽ǿԵģô߽ûйҲпͣҪø߽ʽ븱ʡĸλһЩʡʡ鳤Ǹʡˣһ
ҶƽοϺƼڴʱȫɽְҲǷ˱䶯ͻȻȫɽȥˮ칫ҵθΣȥˮˡˮ칫ǹԺֱ»һȻǸˣȫɽļͬһǱҪڵطһֻ칫ҸεְȨûиίְλʵȨ
ҲͻȻģȫɽڻ濪ᣬͻȻӵĵ绰ְȻĵ绰ͨοɴģ˵飬ȫɽһ֪ʲô£æ˻飬ȥ˾ǡ
˾ǣ鲿ͰһˣȫɽҲǷɣû뵽ְֱǵĲţѵΪտʼʱڸ۶ʡˮԵ
ȫɽûȻԭ򣬹ԱְΪ֯ŵİṩȫɽȻɹˮȥˮ칫ҵθҲǺʵġ
ȫɽеЩƣԼһõʡίǣȥֵطʲôһְȻλܸߣȥ˾ǣȻһȥǣĹپͲǹˣֻеţһ£ǵĹûи˵Լģͺñȵ˸۶û˸˵ԼǮһ
ȫɽȽϴûи쵼ǰֳ̱ʾȥΣһֱǴˮģְĻڻһˮרҡ
Ը⵽ˮ칫ҳθΣ鲿쵼㲻ú˵ʲôˣھͿȥ鲿ͬ־ͬ
ȥһµĻᶼȫɽֻýžȥˮ칫ȥΡȵԺ󣬸۶߲Ŵ뿪۶Ϣ
һʱ֮䣬˴ҵ۷׷ףŵôһ£ûһ£ȫɽǱˣ۶ʡ쵼Ҫ󶯰ίǽ˭أ
ҶƽεͷǳΪȫɽֻҪʡίʡһ£ѹãڸίǵλӻǿԵģڿûôҵһԸ۶ʡһĹ᲻ٳȫɽ͸ˡ
ֻȫɽߣίһְ˭ΣһǳҪְλʡͷ˭ʺְλأ


1459 ίѡ
ȫɽ뿪۶ʡǮԪʤӸеԾû뵽ȫɽ͸һߣȫɽΪίǣǿڸ۶ʡελϸߣھȻͻȻ뿪ˣе𾪣ҲǸеŰ
ȫɽ뿪ԺοɰҶƽйȥŸίѡ⡣ίȻҲҪȡ۶ʡίοڰҶƽйоһ顣
ڸ۶ίǵѡҶƽһʱûż飬Ϊû뵽ȫɽ۶ʡҸίְλǳҪһǵϵģгһ㶼ɸʡתΣֱΪгģ˸ίְλҪȸʡĵλ硣
οһοΪĹжϿɣҶƽһοοҪΪΪίǣҶƽǸΪڴĸ󿪷ŴչлԲߣθίǵĻǲʡ
Ҷƽοһ룬ʵ㿴ôθίǵĻǲǱȽϺʣ
һο壬Ҷƽǰһ֮ǰûпǵ⣬ο˵ʡѡĻҲֻˣʡѡп»Ҫһʱĥϣ۶ʡѾ꣬ڳθίǣǷǳʵġ
Ҷƽͬθίǣοɱ˵ǾƼθίǣίһְҿƼڹͬ־Ρ
ڹгͬʱʡίί岻ٵίǵĻôڹɵгǷǳʵġ
ڹɺһǴӹҲίĸɲ˶ãֱίǺ͸ίǣͬġ
˾һְλѡʱҲŸίһְ˭Σְλһ꣬˭ȥ˵˭ǰ;ãǺܲһġ
ʱúܿ죬ݵְλհ׵ڣ˸ίǵѡҶƽο̶һ屻θίǣοɺ鲿쵼һϯ쵼ɲᡣ
οɵĳϯʾŶԸίҪ쵼ͬ־ӣ׼嵣θίǣͬʱʡίΪίίԱί
ίǵȨ룬ίίίԱȨڸ۶ʡίȻίǣǱȻҪίίԱͳί˻Ҫʡί
Ҷƽûве쵼ɲᣬΪֹܸɲοȥ˾Ϳˣϵʱοһд鲿쵼д鲿쵼ʱ򣬰ҲϹˣΪ鲿һʱ
ĸίһְ鲿쵼ڶȥڹΪίǣһοɵûȥʡίοȥһͬˡ
ڹɵί֮гһְţµгѡûг¯һʱҲûοɺҶƽҲûȥо飬ΪڹְҲǿӦһʱġ
һеǷ˱Ƚϴı仯Ϊ񿴵ȫɽߣίǣ֪Ҫʡ쵼ȥһЩˣȻг²ᵱþó
ΪԸϱȽһЩڵгʱҪȫɽģʵΪʷǳߣʿҵʿҵǻǮģԼʵʵڶģڴ֮ǰǲʿˣǸдѧίǣϸߵίǣȻֵϸʡһ꣬θίǣ˵ҲǸ۶ʡǡ
Ϊȫɽ棬ȫɽʡͿԽȫɽİ࣬˭֪ش仯ȫɽûеʡһˣȫɽһߣеԼίûжϣȻȻгίһְˡ
Ϊѧߴû̫ѧߵıɫЩʧݣҶƽĲοίʱҶƽ
Ϊ֪飬һûˣҶƽʱǽҶƽ󣬻һξλˡ
ԼڹٳϵѡǶôҪŬȻҪѡҪѡˣŬٶҲûãʵĲп԰
е쵼һȷǿʼʡίʡҪ󿪷ŴչĸжĿ꣬ٶ֮ǰȫɽһƲøʡίʡҪǲһġԺ̲ȡʵʾٶȫмȨµĸĸʾһٰѿŸĸ﷢չĴץԼߵȻ֮ǰչıȽϿ죬ǻǱȲΪʡеԽԣѸٱгԽ
ɴ˿ɼһֵҪԣȫɽȻĻƽ϶ûڵľ档
Ҷƽ˸зչͷеȽ⣬һģеĹп϶ҲȥΪ
θί֮۶ٳȶʡߣҶƽάϱȽĬĹϵ˳ˣҶƽŵȫάȥץʵ
ʡĹȶҶƽʱ˼һЩ飬ͬʱҲʱϢһ£Ȼ±عףʱϿ϶ǲõģάеЭʱȥϢˡ
ƽѩź˸۶ʡҶƽһ¶ӳѧϰģϸһˣƽѩھöȥѧϰҲ׼ȥ
ڵ绰ͷ˵̫壬Ҷƽڵ绰ǲͬģƽѩǴŶ۶ʡҶƽ棬¡
ƽѩʱǵһ۶ʡҶƽҶƽڱ棬һ棬ƽѩͰöȥѧϰ齲һ£˵εĺãһҪöȥѧϰ
ҶƽȥѧöӸо͵ѧϰǾ̫ˣڲܲһǣǾΪʡ쵼ɲԼĶȥѧϰ᲻һЩ˵ķ飿ʱҪǵˣȻ˵ڲʲô쵼ˣҲҪעӰ찡
ƽѩҪöȥѧϰҶƽǸеȽΪѣƽѩĻ֮˵ѩȻܺãǽӱϾҪصڵģôСȥ⣬عӦ˹ڵˣҽȵѧҵȥѧϰ
ƽѪһǲ˵صںö˶ǸоͰѺ͵ˣҲ󣬷Ҿûڰ͵ĺá
һƽѩҪҶƽصǲУҪȥǲҪְֿ϶Ҳ֧ģڹҲܵܺõĽΪʲôҪȥ⣿չĻڹڡ


1460 ƭ
Ҷƽͬȥ飬ƽѩŪЩɢƽѩ뿪˸۶ҶƽҲûҪģǼȻطҪطܽ۹жôĺãϾǼңȥ˹⣬ʲôõģ
ҲǾˣȻҵĽȷʵǱȽϷȥһܳΪ˲˲ﶼԶģݲͽ飬δطǵóܹɡ
ҶƽⷽһȽϹִˣԼĶӹľȥȻʲôҲӦǲһڵЩҲûʲôرı죬ЩҲҲ˵ȥδؾͻɲţֻҪѧϰﶼǿԳɲŵġ
ƽѩôһСŤͷ뵽߿͸ĬĸҲǵ˾ǣھѧϰھѧϰǲˣϰжھѧϰģ˵ѧˣĲ֪㣬ӳڹ⣬ѵҪȥ
ɵظ߿ȥһ绰߿ͻȻӵĵ绰Ǹе֣æʲô¡ҶƽھôĬѧϰΡ
ҶƽЩ飬߿ǰһĬѧϰǷǳģҲܶ£ӣҶƽͷǷǳˣϾĬҲĶӰϣԼĶܳɲţԼı³Էһöӡ
þûҶƽͨˣ߿ͷʵֲÿڣһҪ۶ҶƽʱȴǺǸ߸߿ʱĻԵ۶һɢɢġ
߿һǳĬһᣬȻǸҶƽٵʱȥϱתһתɢɢģҶƽһǸԵ۶֮ǰһ绰
߿֮󣬱شӦˣ˵ʱҶ˵һźһ
ҪͽҶһҶƽȻǸӸˣҶϵһǵġ
͸߿ͨ绰Ҷƽһ룬ԼʵóʱûٿͥۻˣĸҲȥ˾ǣÿλؾʱȥǵʱ䶼ûУڽҶҶܷܷľ͸ˣһ۶棬ȸ٣һǳõ¡
Ժֻһ飬ҶƽžͶ뵽æĹУǰҪչãǿٽĸ󿪷⣬һҪĹǷƶƶץıȽϽ۶ľȻǳǻŲٵƶΰЩƶƶ״̬иȳһ顣
Ҷƽſʼ飬οʡίίҲ̬ˣһҪ÷ƶս
ҪȥʱмίͻȻǰʡίͨǮԪʤ߽ܵ顣
ǮԪʤӵ绰ʡίԺ֮󣬾мί˸ˣǮԪʤֻһɲ鴦ֻҪʡίˣһȴмίԳ棬ȻǷͬСɡ
Ҷƽº뽪ӽϵһ£мί쵼ǮԪʤӷǳӣӣʡίЭ
Ҷƽһ룬мίǳסһֱûжǮԪʤڵʡ쵼֮ͻȻ֣ǮԪʤһֲ
ʵϣǮԪʤȷʵû뵽мίͻȻ֣ȻȫɽˣҲûʲôõķѾм˻Ǯ֮ǰȻϵмˣ˵м˳ˣõģǾûʲôˣ˭뵽мίͻȻˡ
ǮԪʤЩһֱܷɣѾȥˣҪٵһЩˣмίǹɱֱ̫еסˡ
ǮԪʤֱмίԱ˾ǽ飬ǮԪʤֻһɲмί˸Ūǣѹ϶Ƿǳģ˵˾֮ûغϱǰԼȫ˳
ʱ֪ǮԪʤмί֮㽭Ȼһڰñ߷Աסˣмίڶ֮ǰѾ氲׵ֻߣȻðͬʱܹϵ顣
һǳؼˣһñ߷ԱºʡίԱ̹ˣƺܺܽʡίԱʱǲ˵йص
ǼʹٽҲ޷Կ֯ϵĵ飬Ϊ֮ǰԼίѾ˴ĵ˽⣬һЩԱĽһ֮û棬йԱȫ˳
֯û֮ĸӹϵиͣͬʱԱǨ֯ʽǳŸܵϢģίôãԭڴˣίҪⷽ˽͸Ȼٸһ
мίĹԱ޷ٱȥֻʵһЩͬʱѻ¥ӵҲ˳ʾ¥ġ
ʵЩίѾգֻûȥˣίǮԪʤ֮Ľ
ǮԪʤԭΪίǣ۵ҵڶ˺ö鶼ҪǮԪʤչˣ֮Ĺϵǳܣ˵ǮԪʤ̹ϵкҪһǮԪʤҲͨ۵̹ϵýһΣֻҶƽ̶֮Զ˷УǮԪʤ붫У뷨ա
ί潻ǮԪʤԼǨḶ́ίԱ֮ǳ𾪣Ϊû뵽һͨ˾ȻôǮԪʤϻýڵĻˣ
ǮԪʤлߵķʽҪǰǨǮԪʤ˲û䵽ʲôϴǮԪʤȥǲǮҲǸмίԱмί֪ǮԪʤΪ˰ƽ飬Ȼۻ߰
мίԱ׷ǮԪʤǮԪʤŰмίԱмίԱһȥм˭ΪмôôҵΪ˲¡
мίԱ鰲Ÿأùҵмˣһ飬ڰм˸ˣȵм˸ץʱ򣬹صһϵףһӾЦˣԭֻһŮͯĹ߷ʲôͨͨǮԪʤȫϵˡ
թƭﱻ¾ίԱֻһƭʱǮԪʤһƣҲǷֹƭӣǵʱＱУŽҵõ쵼ɲʧȥжˡ
ǮԪʤƭˣҲǸеܵù߰ԪȻҵֻһƭӣЩƭ̫ˣֻһб׬ô࣬˸еˣ죬̫ˣȻҲǸ֣ĸʱȴʧȥ̡
֪ƭǮԪʤеǳƣһɱĳ嶯ίԱǿ˶Ŀܡ


1461 Ƶ
мί˵֪ǮԪʤо֮ҲǿЦãõɲҲһƭӸƭˣ˵һˣȻʧȥǣǮԪʤʧȥǵ
ǮԪʤڼί潻ԼΥΥ͵һĽͬʱҲԼίǵĵλĴƣڶга̣ȡ˴Ǯơ
ǮԪʤڰԺ󣬱ƽ˾شΪǮԪʤĽлߡ͵˰©˰ܵҲƽ˾ش
ǮԪʤܵȻ˸۶ʡٳԱĹעԭгˣԭίܵ˴ԭ쵼Ǹ͸ˣҶƽһǺοһ˶쵼Ƿǳʱȷġ
߽ʱʡ˴θȥˣ˸߽ʵλӣʽʡ鳤ʡ칫Ρ
гҲµѡǱǽһʡег־ϱΪʡζίǡ־Ͽ˵ǵõһܺõİţ־ϵѾжֵ꣬˶ίǣڸеУҵҲǱȽͻ˳ɹλʡ
Ҷƽʡ飬оȫʡķƶ⣬ոٿ鿪ʼӮƶսľȻЩ÷չķǳѸ٣ȫػŲٵƶ˿ڣ۶ʡȻǾõһʡǻŲٵƶ˿ڡҶƽһ㣬㻹ǧ
ǧ˿ȫ˵һеȹҹģ˿ˣô˿ڻƶϣȻеȽϲĵ顣
Ҷƽٿʡоʡչƶ飬ǰƶŲٵĶ̰壬ÿʡҲ²˲ٵķƶʽ𣬵Чȴǲôԣѵʽȥȴͬһӵˮһ˵ʲô˵ʽûõϣ˵ʽֱӳûˣûڷƶϣߣЩƶĹԱб˽ңѷƶˡ
Ҷƽоƶʱǿ˷ƶɣҪзƶԱһҪְԲΥƶɵ飬ĻҪܵǳ׷
ԺҶƽѷֹܷƶĸʡ־йһ飬־ʡҲǱˣʡȽϵ͵ԴҶƽ֮־ǷǳϵĻǷǳġ
־֮ҶƽŷƶȥɣԼηֹƶɲΥΥ͵顣
־ҪֹƶɲΥΥ͵飬ͱҪӴԷƶɲļලȣίͼԺȲҪ鴦ƶڵΥΥ
Ҷƽе˵ûҪַֹƶɲΥΥ͵ͱҪӴ鴦ȣֻмӴ˲鴦ȣγƶɲҸ
ڼӴ鴦ȵͬʱҲҪ뷨ƶһ֮ЧƶȣӴԷƶʽȣùȺڳලЧֹʽڶ
־ͬ־ǱҪӷƶĹ͸ȣʽܶ࣬ȴǺ٣ǷǳƺⷽĹô͹ԣҿҪȲ⣬ȲȻᵼ»ĸɲĴϰղ֪ʲôʽǱǽб˽ң̷̻ƶʽⷽ飬һҪע⣬ʡҪѷƶʽ嵥صİȫṫȺϤǵķƶߣӶǿලЧԡ
Ҷƽ־˵־֮еҶƽĻ˵ˣƶϲ²㶯мȴĻͻõ³裬Чԡм֮ԲԭûйѹϲĹѹֻһãϢȺڶԷƶϢ֪٣޷ƶҪֻǱȥܣڻɲ˽ıǰմ״ѵ˲ΪƶķƶЧȻǺò˵ġ
ҶƽȡƶߵĵһǼӴȣȲҪ˵ôȥƶϰ֪ڷƶ֪ȥܷƶ߹͸ȣӶƽƶ
Ҷƽ־֮󣬱ʡίͬ־ϵڱֽýϽͬʱҪطҪӴƶϢȣϰ֪ƶϢ
ڼǿͬʱҶƽ־רоƶӴƶо÷ƶ
ҶƽָʾƶһʱȫʡעĽ㣬صýÿ춼ڱطƶϢôһôͻȻڸ۶طҲŲٵƶ˿ڵģͬʱ۶ӴƶȵҲһЩϵĴýעˣȫԵš
ýڲͣرƶ飬ҶƽеȽ⣬ΪֻͨȫλıùȺ֪ƶϵ飬֪ʡЩǿܵʡ̨˺ߣȺڲֻ֪Ⱥ֪һЩܵĺԵ
ȻҶƽעŷƶ湤ʱͻȻһϵƵƵʾ˵мɲKTV泪裬KTVС§§漫ңƵһע⣬ǵء
⼸ɲĸɲҲָ˳˵⼸ɲǳɽصĸɲһǷƶĸɲ⼸ɲڵƶ֮һҵϰȥKTVģлдɲ
Ƶһϴ̳ΪվͣѸٳΪһܻƵɽǸ۶ʡһأ˳ɽط̳Ϊ˹עĽ㡣
Ҷƽһʱûʱȥվţʤ̹һһܻ𱬵Ƶ滹һ̼񾭵ĵطǾŷƶĸɲ
ƶKTVˣдҶƽոýȫʡҪץ÷ƶ飬ȴð飬˵ʲô˵ʡȥǿķƶɲȻûе£ĻʡҪ󵱳˶Է磬ȥץ÷ƶ
ɽίͻȻһΪӰ쵽ͷϵɴñ˿Ƶ֮ŲȡʩֹķͣΪʱΪƵѾˣǱҪС
ɽίƵеӰĵ˽к˶ԣûҪȻûڽн
ƵеӰȻĵĲ̫ǷѾָˣ˵طƶ칤ԱһǷƶΣݷߵϢɽίԱҵ˷ƶԱкʵһʵ֣⼸˵ȷǷƶԱǷƶΣֻһΣΪͨԱ
һ飬˵Ϸӳʵˣְֻ񲻶ԣɽίһоôǼ


1462 ί̬
ҶƽڿƵ֮ǳջŰʤȥе쵼绰ȥǺݺݵȥ飬תһ룬ھʹȥһǰԼҪȥˣ֪Ǳʲô̬ȣȿһбδ
ҶƽסԼ̬ȣȿһкͳɽǱôģδ֪ԷƶɲΪˣȻһᴦ飬ǴȴǿԷӳ뷨
ɽίĵڵԺ֤ϵƵʵǰɲȥKTVûʲôɲҲҪѰڵǰڷ֮磬ΪõһܴĶƣǽϹְɲȥֳѵģر⼸ɲҵĿ͡
ʵ֮󣬳ɽίŸδ飬쵼һоһ£żƶɲ˺ܶӵӰ죬Դֿ޷ˣǴȴǿ飬뵽ֻȥ裬ûΥΥ͵ڴ´ˣǿ϶ǲģ˱⼸ɲھĴ֣Ҫǳд飬֧˴γķá
ɽίṫ˴˴εԼһ֮ϲûķ죬ΪƵ֮ǲǵĹעˣ˿󣬻ɳɽί⼸ɲֵ̫ˣŵھ洦أΪʲôǵĹְ
е˵ȻǷǳ˵ģͲش⼸ƶɲ⼸ɲʧȥˣȻǲģҶƽĴʱһ£оɽίҲȷʵˣܾЩµ˼𲻵һЧڸŷƶֺһ㣬һڽϾǱعѵֻ
Ҷƽһ룬÷绰ίǵʡ㱨һ⼸ƶɲĴһ㱨
ίӵĵ绰֮󣬱Ǳί֮ƽ֮ƽһȽͶˣԴο֮󣬱οɵĹϵȻίǣҶƽߵþǲ̫˵ʡע飬ûίȥ㱨;ҶƽӦ飬ΪҶƽֻʡûί㱨ǲԽȨˣʡίûȥ㱨ء
֮ƽһʱ֮ģȻͶӦοɵĶҶƽʵϣҶƽʡһʡίǣΪʡίûί㱨Ǻ
ǴʱǾûίӦҶƽ㱨ӵ绰Ժ󣬱֪ͨгïȥʡ㱨Ȼïǡǡ볯ɽίЩ֮ͣƽϵȽЩïġ
ïڽӵί绰˵ȥʡ㱨ǳɽίģóɽί쵼Ҳʡȥ㱨С
һɽش绰֪º󣬱ǲᣬֻһίïϵ㱨һ£ï֮ίǵһȥҶƽ
˾ʡԺҶƽİ칫Ҽ档һǱ֮ƽأ֮ƽôû
ïߵһߣ˽˵֮ƽ֪ͨģһίǡһǸе֮ƽЩҶƽȻԹһˣѵҶƽ쵼
Ȼ룬ȴûбֳȵһȣȥҶƽһ
Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽһҶƽ֮ɫǱǲں֮ƽԴ̬ȣҪ֪ǳأϣ֮ƽͳɽίʵ̬ȣȻһƵĴ֮ƽïΪгˣʡܶԽϣҪǴ𲻵Ӧеȡ
һʱûнʲôҶƽï˹ïɽίǣһҶƽİ칫ҡ
ɽίǵʮָˣΪû뵽Ҷƽһ棬Ҫ֪ĸɲ϶ûжٻܼʡʡίǵġ
ҶƽǺ󣬱һȡǵĻ㱨ïǽһ£Ҷƽ֪ת˳ɽίĻ㱨Ҷƽֱóɽί㱨顣
ɽίƽʱȽϹֱί߰ˣһֱ᲻ȥԭ;ԼûϲϵֻίǣʡҲŹϵģȻҲô죬ż깤Ǵίίˡ
ԼҪץסҶƽĻᣬúñһ£˵Ҷƽһأ
ҶƽǰίǾǰȥȫһ飬죬ǳȡ
Ļ㱨Ҷƽһʵίǣ𣿡
ίǼæ˵ֻЭίͬ־
Ҷƽǿïôû
ï˵ģʱֻӦһ£ûʱ÷ˮͬ־ˡ
ίǽзˮĲҶƽﵹһʱЩ֣ǱȻǺӣһίҲû㱨֮ƽҲûʱ䣬λصǲǹģҪίίʡ֮Ĺϵĺ壿ѵʡ쵼
ҶƽͷȻͻ᲻ɵ뵽⣬УǾòԾԼΪʡЩеԼǰǾ˵ԼʡֻһͨĳίЩǲҲҪԼ㱨Ȼ֮ƽȴǲԼ㱨ǲһʲô
ǰԼﲻǾοɵĹϵãûбҪƽԼ̬ȣϵһЩʱ΢ο֮ĹϵǷǳǢģ֮ƽԼο֮ѡôˣһúܲҡ
Ҷƽһ룬ǾԼôװνˣȡ֮ƽĻ㱨ȻһҪԣǿһⷽļɣѷƶʵãȻȴǾûбҪˣΪï϶ûȣûȣ粻
ˣˮͬ־ȳȥɡҶƽһ룬ίǳȥïٵ̸һ̸
ίһʧؿҶƽһۣ˳ȥϣҶƽܱһ£ȻҶƽʲôûн
ˮ߳ȥԺïҶƽ֪ҶƽʲôܾҶƽã֪ǲΪ֮ƽûԭ򣬷֪ʡ칫ȴίģֱӴģȴ㱨ҶƽͷˣïǾԭҶƽõġ


1463 תҶƽĻ
ïţҶƽ˿Ҫ˵ʲôأܱԼеĲΪȥãﲻɣƺ޷ݳĳЩźš
ïͬ־֮ƽͬ־ʲô̬ȣҶƽɰ죬ʵ
Ҷƽ֮ƽ̬ȣïͷһ룬ҶƽпǶ֮ƽûֱӹ㱨ͷˡ
֪֮ƽʹƽʱ֮ƽϾûӮͷٻ֮ƽһЩԹԣҶƽ֮ƽʲô֮ˣôһ֮ƽȻǺкôġ
뵽ïûи֮ƽʲôڻֱӰҶƽʵʡ֮ǰ֪ҪҶƽΪί绰ֻȥʡ칫ҷû֪ͨҪֱȥҶƽֻ֮󣬲ŷҶƽ
ǰѻί칫֪ͨҶƽ֮ƽϵ̬ȣǲ֪ģʵǵذҶƽǳڸֿΪ֮ƽһڻҶƽʲô֮
ïΪί֪ͨģҶƽһЩ飬ʡ칫ί绰ίû°ֱӽƸˣ֮ƽһΪԼʡ쵼
Ҷƽһ룬һʱɫȻһïһҪעһ·ƶҲҪעһ·ƶвĺڶƶλһЩпƺһˮţʵȴŷǳȨÿķƶʽô࣬ܺõؼԼܣ϶ġ
Ҷƽ⻰ïһïʾȫԸ÷ƶս֮ڣеƶʵƶ
˱̬Ҷƽ̶˵ïͬ־ȲҪĿ꣬ƶһ͵飬һ룬Ҳƶ˿ڣҲƶµˣǵ᲻ʵƽ壬иƶƶԶûֹģֻܾƶ˿ڣ˵Ҫȫƶ˿Ǿǿ亣ˣһҪʵǣܸ㸡䣬ƶĹƻǲҪȫƶĿ꣬ǲɵģǵĹһҪʵʵо׼ƶҪǸʵĹ磬ǰǮͶȥͿˣĻ𲻵ʲôõģѷƶˣһǳΰ£ײף
ҶƽһïͷҶƽĻ̫ʵˣûκεĸ֮ʣ쵼㲻õȥһЩ湤ֻҪúõȥˡ
Ҷʡһȥ֮⻰֮ƽͬ־ٿίίٽоרƶȻóʵĹʩѷƶáïҶƽǰ̬
Ҷƽ˿ͷû˵ʲôïҶƽܸоҶƽ⣬ȥ֮֮ƽ㱨أ
Ҷƽï֮һ룬÷ƶ滹ûô£֮ƽ㱨ΪԼʡһίûбҪ㱨ֻҪгͿˣҲΪ÷ƶһС飬ƶɲΪҲʲô˵ΪûбҪ̫⣬ԲŲԹ㱨
ĻǾ˵滹ûƶĹطȻηչĿ󹤳̣н裬ΪֻЩ濴õţڼٶƶ˿ڣǲһ֣ܽʱֻҪһͳƲ𣿸Ѷ£ͬʱҲƶɼˣ治⣬ҲǺ׷飬ԣʡúõȥ⣬Ǹȥӵġ
Ȼ˺ܶĹ򣬵ʵϴҵ׻ο⣬ȻûһȷĽģˣһԵ濴һһȻӣӶƶƶĿչ
Ҷƽһ룬ͷĹһ׼ĩʱȥǱ߿һֻһ˾ʤ˭Ҳ֪ͨᳵӵȥһ˻С
ïȥԺһ·ô֮ƽ㱨£ˮһҲúʲôʵܺïһʡǣҲһˣΪïгï֧سĻɾǷˡ
Ȼ˴ïʡǼҶƽ֮󣬿ȥˣΪʲô֪Ҷƽ˷ǳͰʱȻǳǾûѹ˵ĸоïӦһǣѵ˵Ҷƽ̸ʱܵˣ
ڼæʲô쵽еʱïͻȻ飬ȻֻһίǹһҶƽ㱨Ҷƽͷһеܲˣ󣬺֮ƽһԣǺ֮ƽϵȽ𣬾ȻԹһҶƽ㱨
ˮһ˵ڼæڳɽŵĽ蹤ûʱҹġ
ïһһû˵ʲôˮһï϶ҲǸеˡ
ˮïǰ˵ĻΪïҲû̫׽Ĺϵ˵˿»ïķУïƺˣ˵гƵ飬ҵʱشģҪѳ´¸ְǲͬ⣬ֻһھ洦֣ҿҶʡǽйȥǶԴ⡣
ˮҲǸоһ㣬ΪҶƽԴĻαطҪȥʡ㱨飿ȻҶƽ㱨֮󣬳ϵûб̬һǳֵ顣
ˮ쵽ˣïûо쵽ֻûнѣҶƽһǶԴˡ
ȥԺңʲôż¶ҪҶʡע⣬£ίǲǲˣïһѷˮŵõһ¡
ˮæӦïǳ࣬ͷ϶Ҫܵܵͷ᲻
һ룬ˮеһ˲ûеõʲôô˵ˣģҲûа취ֻܾʵ㱨ˣ͹ɡ
˻֮󣬷ˮͻسɽأïȻص˼һ飬֮ƽתҶƽĻ֮ƽڷƶȷʵ࣬ҲϴĿ󹤳̣һЩ̣гȻҪΧָӰȥתģûʵȥΥ֮ƽȥ¡
ص֮ïúõһžȥίԺȥ֮ƽҶƽԼҶƽת֮ƽһ֮ƽʲô̬ȡ
ʱ֮ƽڵȳɽشŽ飬ͨæˡ


1464 ȥ
֮ƽï֮δ֮ʱո绰㱨곯ɽŽӽβ飬ΪͶʼʮԪĴĿǾһֵص飬ï֮ʱȻԵø˷ǳЦǺǵվïк
Σɽſͨˣոһ㱨ȥʡôҶʡⲻⰡ֮ƽŴ֣пŵ˵
˿֮ƽï޷ȾֻǿЦǣɽҪͨһ£ڰȥʡҶʡ㱨㱨һ¡
£֮ƽïãȥʡ֮ǲʲôˣҶƽˣ
ΣҶʡûУ֮ƽǿʵ
ï˵ҶʡרȥģҶʡˣҶʡԷƶǳӣרŻתһһҪѷƶץãȡʩѷƶ䵽ʵڱ棬֤ˣȡ֮ȫƶ
֮ƽǰïƶ֮ƽһ£ȻҶƽʱûҪʲô״ǹˣΪֻ֮ƽӣ֮ƽ֮Ȼ£ͲҶƽˡ
ƶΣҿҪ꣬ͿֻҪǾ÷չˣдʵʽͶ룬ƶһܼ򵥵飬ҶʡͻȻӷƶǿ⣬ǲΪǵĹǵǰĹҪչþãȻƶҲûʽ֮ƽһȴ˵
ï֮ƽһƽŵӣͷҲò˵ҶƽҪʲô״ƶҪϸ£һ͵飬Ȼ֮ƽȴǸ˵Ϳԣ˵ƶһǳ򵥵飬Ҷƽ뷨
ǣҶʡǸ۶ǴչĸٽţʵмȨǹȥڵ⣬ɴ˿ҶʡνһĸңĹ˼·ͬģڵĹ۵㲻ȫڼӿ췢չϣϾǵľ÷չѾһܸߵĻˣҪעһ飬ȻҶʡʮӷƶǻҪ߶Ϊáï֮ƽ˵
֮ƽһһü˵ҶʡĹ˼·Ҳ֪Լ飬ǻȫʡ˵÷չͣӱ÷չٶȻУڻҪչãǵǰߣҶʡŲ˽ڵǲܻеִָʾ˵ǲǣҪԼԡ
֮ƽï˿֮ƽǺܵ󣬾ȻҲҶƽҪȥټѵ˵źܴҰģҪչ͹Լ
ҪڰҶʡҪץ÷ƶǣעһ¾÷չĹҪһĹʱ䣬ȥץ÷ƶï
֮ƽһȴ˵ƶ÷ֹܷƶͬ־ȥɣ˻ҪŬץþãһͷοǻ㱨ģ㲻õҶʡ飬Ҷʡǵġ
һ֮ƽï˵ʲôˣ֮ƽ̬ȣ޷˵ʲôгҪίǵġ
ΣҶʡƵʲô̬ȣ֮ƽïҪʱͻȻʵ
һ֮ƽ£ïʤæشҶʡû˵ʲôܸоԴ⣬ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôûб
֮ƽ֮һ˵ܶԴ⣬ǴˣǻᱣɲͷҸȥ绰һЩҶʡˡ
ïһ֮ƽȷʮֱִ˵ؾָҶƽ⴦ĽΪˣ֮ƽҲǹϵģֱӾҪش
ï֮֮ƽ̸˵绰شǼˣѳ´¸ְ
ӵĵ绰Ǹ´¼绤һ£ʾǼƶ죬ۣԲȥKTVϢһµģڹȥʲôܵһǴˣ洦Ѿ㹻ˣôְܹأ
֮ƽһȴԼҪҪʲôԥְʡ쵼
ֻ֮ôӦ޷Υ֮ƽּ⡣
Ҷƽ˻Уĩʱʤһ˻Сȫʡ˵õλȷʵǲߣƶ˿ڱȽ϶࣬˵ƶĻžҪԻĵط
껨еĳнǳ֮ǰѾһˣ˿оʡûʲô֮ƽӴ˳нȣǨ¥·̻òȷǲͬˡ
˵֮ƽĹͻû˵ģҶƽ֪ҲǶͣȻܿ˷ӳîнôͶʡͷҲûôǮôֻ취ŪǮȥд룬ӸǮûһʱ֮为ծۣ˿ŵ˵֮ƽѻжʮĲ붼ˡ
ǮȡڵһЩ˶֮ƽ֮ƽ˴ģظн裬ȻûĿģһЩɼʵ˵ĻԻ͡
֮ƽοɺοǳڣǵĴȽ٣ȻĿģôֻʡǷֹܸɲʡίǣ֮ƽŶοɺοǰ֡
֮ƽҲ޿ɺǣҶƽĸɲ飬Żί㱨ȴе֮ƽĴˣȻҲνֻǲʹţһЩ˼·ϻԼģӰ쵽ϵĿչġ
Ҷƽ˻֮ǰٿһ⻨еĳн裬һȷʵƯֻҪдʵͶ룬ɲȽܸɣʵĽӦûʲôġ
ʱҲɹΪ˭ŰѳнãóбøƯ뷨ȴЩˣнƯƶ˿ʵƶչǻǴźģרҪץ÷ƶ޵ķʸģǿƶ˿ڵĴڣʵСṲͬԣһܴ谭Ҫץ÷ƶʵֹͬԣ
СнĺÿÿҶƽڳʤһ䡣
ʤ͸⿴һ˵ÿǰЩʱΣȾǲԶˣڿҪöˣǲ֪ؽô
ҶƽͷھȥһԱһ¾֪ˣֻһطãҪʵ־ⷢչһ廯չа
ʤһͷҶƽǰûмӣ̽һЩ⣬һʼ治֪ô˵ʱˣֻ֪Ҫʵ˵Լ뷨Ϳˡ


1465 ˮ
ҶƽʤڻһȦ֮󣬱ɽʻȥɽڻص򣬾÷չһ㣬ΪƵ¼ڳɽأھҪȥɽؿһ
ǰɽص·и٣һСʱǸϵˣҶƽ˸ɽسȥʱ򣬱ŵһŵĴ̱ζ
Ҷƽʱüͷ͸⿴ȥǷֵ·ԱһˮˮԱһѼҵ˾Ѽӵģˮĳˮƾй˾ŷŵġ
ڳˮԱ߱ǸĴ񣬻ûеسǣ߻ũĵʣһЩҵҲǵũˡ
ũ徭ҪչũҲҪҵũҲϣڼſھǴϹ׬ǮĻͺܺˣũһЩҵҲһЩ顣
ҶƽĳˮǸеܲãڻʶԽԽǿˣеĻܵȾˣܶ˾ͻΌٱȻȴҲӣѵũ˾Ͳ
Ҷƽһʱ֮뵽飬˾ͣ˽һһʲôԭҵȻŷˮģҪֱ֪ӹȻŷˮټˣһڵ·ԣܶ೵ŵˣĹȻȾټ
Ҷƽͷһ룬ǴһΪʲôǻʧְʲôԭ򣬻ҲһɼΪҵˮƽ֮󣬶ԻҪԽԽˣԲȥƻΪڴҵһ˵ܵܵȴ󣬸ȾĿԷǳСһЩСҵȴЩ޼ɵЩСҵΪһ֮˽ƻɱרѡũƫԶĵԶܻ顣
Ѽҵ˾ȥҲֻһģҵ仧ȻҲǿũĵͬʱͨȽϱΪڹ·ԱߣȻֱȾҲ̫ˡ
ͣѼҵ˾ĲԶҶƽһ³ŵӴ̱ǵĳζʤæ˵ҶʡŰɣȥһһ
Ҷƽȴ˵ûϵϰնطǶܣͣʲôܵģߣһ³һ
ʤҶƽִ³Ȼûа취Ҷƽ³ȻŴȥ
ڵũҲûжˣΪܶũ˶ȥˣڼĴ˶ͯ͸Ů˻ûٴũģΪũûоҵ·ҷչô꣬ľǼũ񹤵ĹףũȺȻĹףȻ󣬵һЩȴûбϣֻƴɻһЩϵǮ
ҶƽȻҲ֪Щũ˿ڵĿĻʵһϵе⣬ȻǰҲû̫õİ취飬Ͼũȷʵûжپҵ·ּĶûκԵģǮͲˣҲٸũˣũСʱʹļ䣬˭Ըȥũ
ũֻг򹤾ҵ벻򹤵ĳУÿʽڼ֮䣬νҲһ⡣
Ҷƽ˿ũ·˺٣·ϣٿ񣬵ܿũеĸ¥
Ҷƽһũҵʱ׼һһû˵ģǰһȴǾһѷԭҿȥǵĲС¥ȻûסȻס񣬳ˡ
ʤҲũģǶҶƽ˵Ҷʡÿһλϼҵʱ򣬾ǿǴͷһģһģǺ¥ȴûסΪдˣڳͷ𷿣ͷ˶¥ˣǰѶĻó¥¥ǮҲͻˣȻܵȥ򹤣һúõ¥ûסⲻ˷𣿡
ʤҶƽʵ֪ΪʲôҪؼҸ¥𣿡
ʤũȽϺʱȣ¥ͻõһȣŮҲҪ·ģ·˼Ҹ޹ҲҪ·һ·ûʮɣȻԶȲϳ򷿣Ƕ˵ȴǲСĿ֧ˣһӵǮȫõǷˡ
Ҷƽͷ˵ԪӰ˺üũˣڼʹѶԪƸŤתҲǼܺõЧˣԭʱũ˵д䲻˻ڿ仧ˣȻĳɱȴˣ͹ֹũУһСⰡ
벻ҶƽҲ뷨ʤҶʡ˵̫ˣ߹ҼҲũģƾҵĹҲ򵽷ӣֻܵһӵķūҺŶǹְԱʹù򷿣ϢһЩͬʱȶû̫ѹũ򹤵ˣǵĹȶûһĻȥ򷿿϶ǺܳģҷҪ򹤲ͥӾû˴ֻðѺũ壬Ϊضͯڼôڳ仧أֻЩũг׬˴Ǯ˲Żڳ£һĴУҲ׬һЩǮؼңһ˾ˡ
ҶƽоʤЩ⻹Ǻ˼ģ˵ǹҲ⣬ηչũ壬ũ帻ԣҲһһȥÿһĻйũģũ帻¸ũȰһĹҪũ幤ͷƶƶʵľũ壬ͷˣֻҪǲɵܻһݺܺõ룬ũûƶԲǷˣҪЩ͹¸ˣǵľˮƽͬʱҲҪסƶֻѪҪȥѪƶĿ͹ӦǵĹص㡣
Ҷƽ̸⣬ʤǸеҶƽһϵˡʲôĻС齲
վڼũǰ˽֮ÿһгˣҶƽʤһһ
ʤǰкһǸгˣȻһ֧̹ȥгͣ˿Ҷƽˡ
磬𣿡Ҷƽ˿ʵ
˴һҶƽˣǸģ
Ҷƽ·ŵһӳζ֪ζǴ𣿡
һҶƽ£ָѼҵ˾˵ŪĳζŵζϽ뿪ôˣ
ҶƽǺܹĻ⣬Թһʣ˽һ
һҶƽ˵ΪҶƽǻֵˣ˵ǲǻֵģҸǣҳ̫ɺˣԴҵ֮Ǵͷһӳζ죬ˮӵǣ˰죬Ǿ͸Ƿһһ㣬ʲôҲˣɲͷҲҹǣ
Ҷƽһ˵治ҹܣʵͷôҹǣ


1466 
ҶƽһʣǸͻȻСض˵ҳк̨
Ҷƽһʵʲǫ̂
Ǹ˵ĸɲĽҳ쵼йϵͷκβ
һȻҶƽŽѵĸɲ֧һȾҵ
Ҷƽһ飬ǲСҵôĴ쵼йϵˣ뵽ʵҵ쵼ʲôϵ
Ǹһ˵Сϰ֪ɲģֻȥʴɲŪףǿɱɲҸǵİ
СĵӣҶƽ룬һãⲻһѼҵ˾ģҲ󣬾Ȼ쵼йϵ쵼йϵȾˮҲŷŰ
Ҷƽһ룬Ҳ˵ʲôˣͻȻһ磬֪ķƶ߲
Ǹһ˵ʲôƶߣƶ𣿡
ҶƽһЦǣֻ˽һ֪ķƶ߲
Ǹ˵ʲôƶǲɲֲǽҪʲôƶĻ˭ɲ£һϴɲ¸ˡ
Ǹ˵ʱֿЦЩЦҶƽȴһ࣬ǴĴȴ֪ķƶߣʡǧټƵҪʡظķƶߣѵɽظûȥ
˵ֻҪ˴ɲͻ¸ĻҶƽԼǰЦȻӳһ󣬵ǱϾЦĳɷֻǾӶ࣬ɲǴ¸ͷˣ˵һˣȻһƶϴȥɲֻǷӳһЩ˵ϴɲ󣬱ǽƣΪȺʹޡ
Ҷƽ룬ʱҪȥسˣͷһһηƶģԼȾҵԭ򵽵ʲô
磬Ǵƶ಻ࣿҶƽ뵽ʵ
һ˵ҾƶأͷֻмĶأûǮƶ㿴ڻֻŸгС
Ҷƽо˺̸ģҲЩũ˵ֽǲǿԼʲôˣ
˿ȥȷʵǲԣŵгѾˣҲǺƾɣͥȷá
ʲô磿Ҷƽʵ
˱˵Ǿ񲡣ҶҲһЩϣȫҾһ׬Ǯܲƶ𣿡
һҶƽǸеû˵ٻƶҶƽһ˵ķƶ𣿡
Ǹ˾˵ʲôƶĵͱң׼ʱȥȥܹܲ£
һҶƽʵĵͱΪʲô㣿
Ǹ˵ǵĴ̣ܸ˵ʹҲǵĴ̣ûʲôϵҲңȫˡ
ָǴɲҶƽʵ
ǻ˭˵ҵߺãͱˣۣǻҪأǸ˵ıһ˵
Ҷƽ֮һʱĬȻһʵǴĸɲû˹𣿡
ҶƽһʣǸ˵˭ܰͷĸɲǾһ𣬹ܲˣǶйϵҶˣûá
ҶƽʵôǴɲģ˵
һҶƽǸ̴˻ϻ˵Ǽ߰ɣҾҼߣҲ˵Ҹ߻ҪǮǼ߾ͺˣҸ˵˵ǴɲǰεģһξͰѴĵ³аȥˣаǮ֪ȥˣûһǮϰϣͷ·ϰÿÿȡٿǮҲҼǰ·Ͳޣ˵·ϼĿ⵱ȻǺ£һͱˣΪԼǮ޵·ˣ治Ǹˣ˭Ҫݾ͵ý滮ѣˣͷûã˵ͷôɲаģǳаȻշѣһƽǮլϸǸݻҪʲô滮ǲշѵǴɲĶӣԳգָʹСƦգϰղҷеıǽˣ˵˲ˣʲô͸ʲôҷҲܲˣ
˵˵˵ЩҶƽæ˵Ǹ˲ŴͣҶƽĻȷʵеĸɲֱǺΪΪʲô
Ҷƽһ룬˵磬ȥҿòã
Ǹ˿Ҷƽǳƣ˵Ǽߣ룬ǵתͷҶƽʤȥ˵ļС
˵ļ·߲ԶûߵˣҶƽһңǿͰש߷Աߵһ¥γĶԱȣȷ
ǷҶƽһ߽УǿһŮ˴óЦԱ߻һҲɵЦͯʮϣӦǸѧˣȴǴڼ
Ҷƽһʱ֪ýʲôνҸļͥͬģҵļͥиĲң⻧˼Ҳǲҵļͥ˰ɣȻ˿ȥȻǺֹ۵ӣûа취жѲ˳ѵ̬ȵ˾塣
ŮɵЦû˵ʲôֻǻЦһ£кˣŮһǸ˻ˣܵǰ˵Ҫǣ
Ǹ˱ǳˣʲôȥȥ
ǸŮһǲˣתߵһȥˣ֮ͯҲŵĸߵһȥˡ
ƽʱܰ𣿡Ҷƽʵ
Ǹ̾˵ʲôķԶԣ˵һеﰲοЩ˼ȢϱǸԼģڱź
ôˣ𣿡Ҷƽһ䡣
ǣǺ̼ܵŷģҺʱûֳ裬˭֪ʱѾˣǼòȢϱҲܲҪˣôˡǸ˻ش
Ҷƽͷеܲܣǰֳ̫ĵӣҲܣʵǼжٰ
Ǹ˵һһǮɣڹϸɻһܸɰ˸£ȥ֧һպùãׯ˻˶Ǯÿ컹ҪչȻ׬öһЩҲǵͱǮֻǾòƽƶˣȴ˵Ҳƶı׼ⲻǹЩõͱļĻǿüҶǸ¥ģ㿴ǼңǮ¥Ҿ飬˵һЩлɲϲң˵ĻûһǴģǾҡ
˵ĻҶƽ˽⵽˵ˣӦǴͷһͷԵˣͷԵˣȻУȴǿףȻ˴ɲĲòͱĴ


1467 Ҿ
飬Ҷƽʤеһߣϴ˶Ǯʤ˵Ǯڳö٣Ҷƽ룬˵һǧǮɣʤ֪ǮģϾ˼￴ȥôŸһЩǮҲһ־ˡ
ʤתȥǮˣҶƽģΪʡƽʱѵΣЩ˽ⲻ࣬ȻڲϢҲϱǶֻһĸܣûʵؿһг
Ҷƽһ죬Ȼֿһļ϶ϲѧһûӦγеҲһЩ϶ͯѧУӦĶ͵ȥ
죬ͻȻ洳һˣҶƽһΪǴɲأڴɲϢҲͨʲôˣʲô£ܴһһս󺣣ʲôҲˣϴڰʡʱ
ȻڻҶƽһ̧ͷҪǸˣǸһˣվҵֵܣġ
һֵܣҶƽкҲһġ˵ֵСٻؼңڻǹһԵĶ
˵ø˿ˣ˱ǿ˿ҶƽоҶƽһͨˣôøͣˡ
Ҷƽ֪ģʲô⣬⣬˱ЦŻشˣҶƽһ벻ٰɣЦ˵ɡ
ôҲҪũֵǿҲȴǿֻǻһЩֻҪ׬룬һЩҲνġ
ҶƽһᣬĵǼȾҵˣһҶƽһɲһȾƣ˵ͷҲüҵͣŷˮǲ˵ҵ쵼ģίǣʲôƽģҵ˭ҹҳӣˣԣﶼûа취ϰȻӳǿң쵼ڻ˭ҲҶ
ȻҶƽ֮Ǻ𾪣ò˼飬ӾȻ֮ƽģĳӣ˹ܶҹܣʲôô֮ǰҵҲҹûȥرչЩҵȴǻΪЩҵϵһܽܣǱй˼ɣЩĸɲ뷨̫ˣ
֮Щ뷨޷ǿǸ˵ĵʧǿȺڵҪ󣬺ıǼԭ򣬾Ҫ֮ƽ棬ֱӲ鴦ҵѵ֮ƽȥһȾҵҲ̫Сһίǵˮƽ˰ɣ
ҵδؾ˵ĹϵжôУʹУҲΥΪ֮ƽΪίǣӦеġ
Ȼ棬ϰջϵãĸɲҲĴڣǻ룬ǲ鴦ҵҵϰȥ֮ƽ֮ƽ治˵ǰ᲻
˭Ҳ֮ƽĻ׳棬֪֮ƽô룬ĸɲȻˣԵΥΪôῼôࣿͷϵɴñôҪ𣿹ȥĺʵ۶ҶײȴֺܿܲڵĽܹϵ鴦ְǺͿ͸
ҶƽǸеܸӣˣһ⻰ǸӲˣǴɲɵĻôҵȫɲΪɵģ
ȵʤʱҶƽеһߣ绰÷֪֮ͨƽïɽأ˵ϸϹ
ʤҶƽָʾ߳ȥ绰ҶƽǼ˼̸ֵеҶƽһһˣǰһЩҶƽˡ
ʤոճȥ绰ʮӣҶƽǷкü߶ǸһǸҶƽĸɲˡ
Ҷƽһ˵ǽôſڹģ
Ǹһ˵֪Ǽˣ϶ˣҲǣ
ʲôҲ£ĺˣǲҶôǽɡҶƽǷԸ
Ǹһ˳ȥһ˵־ʲôͽ
һֱӹˣһ˵ƽʲôˣ
ƽһ˵ʲôˣҪǽͽҼſڹ
־ǴǣʮϣƤڣһ֪һݽɫǣʱͻȻӵ绰˵Ǵͷ˽ץһ˭ˣһǼæĴһʹƽˡ
־ƽײص㲻Ҫ̫С㣡
б¾ңҾث֣ƽá
һƽſ˳ˣҶƽ˳˼־ˣֵǴǰɣôſڲܲܽ˵
һ̧ͷҶƽİˣ־֪Ҷƽͷ˵ˣҶƽʮӣƤܰףһ֪ũˣũƽʲôأƽЩһֱڸ᲻ϵʲôߣ
һ룬־ǺϵؿҶƽǸʲôģ˭Ǵģ
һ˾ȻֿǺҶƽҲǸеЦˣ˵Ӽֱʡ磬ҿֻһ֧ǣίίǻ˵ã
Ǵ岻ñ˽𣿡Ҷƽһ䡣
־ؿҶƽ˵ܲţڲ뿪Ǵ壬һͣڲߵĻߺߣǾͲ˵ˣ
ƽһҶƽԲѷǴ˵־ʲô㲻һ֧ܴù죬ù𣿡
Ҿ־ͻȻƽغӦƽһֱĵΪŭˣƽһֱͣûٵȥ״ƽͷһֱŪϵͱڿƽȻͷ϶£Ȼʮŭˣ
û뵽־Ȼ˵ĻҶƽվһʱˣ
ûƽٺҶƽվ־ǰ˵ղ˵ʲô˵һΣ
Ҷƽ߽־һУˣЩ˶Ǽ־ֶˣ൱Ǽ־Ĵ֣־ڴվȽŸϴ֧ǣȫ⼸Բ
⼸һ־֣æ˹Ҷƽƽ˶Χסˣ͵ż־һ£ýѵһҶƽƽˡ
Ӿôģֶһ־ŵҶƽ


1468 㱻
־Ҷƽǰ˷ֱԼҶƽֱԼĶ䣬һЩطɲʵ۵ĻҲû˵ʵеԾ̫ԾˣΪʡƹһʡ֮أҲǹˣȨҲǹˣȻ˵Լ
ҶƽһʱоԼķζըˣĴ֧ǣܷΪĻʡ̫ӣûбҪʱ򷢻ҪĶһССĴ֧ǣֻίгʸǰ
ʲôʤһæΪҶƽݣҶƽܵ־˵˺
Ǹʲôģ˵Ǿͱߣ־һӱǶҶƽʤ˵
ƽһָż־ܵǸʲôʲô£ҷǵð
ƽһǳװѼ־ŭˣһӶЩֶ˵Ҵ򣡡
־һǼ˱һӵϣƽ־ѵƽˣֻûץסᣬǰһ̵ģԸˣһҪѵһƽ
ڼһӵϣƽһʹƽ϶Ǵ򲻹⼸ˣƽĵܵҪǰܣ־һû£ܹԶԶ
ƽĵܵһˣҶƽһ˲ûд֧ӣһҴˣĴɲڻΪϰʲô£ѹϰ֮⣬ܸɳʲôίô˵֧ǣ
ס֣Ҷƽ޿̲Ǵһؿƽ
Ҷƽȣ˶ʱͣס֣˿־־˻ӱûǼ˴ȥȻָҶƽڸǻߣȻͺһ
־Ű裬Ҷƽ˰Ѽ־ץֻǺʤ֮ƽûأ˿־Ҷƽû߹ȥƽʵ磬оô
ƽһҲܶˣ߰ɣҲ־
ƽҲη־ҿƽڴͷ־ԣȻһˡ
ƽﲻҶƽʤ绰120120ҽΣ־ȴֹʲôˣҵ
־һֹʤǲٴˣȻ־ҶƽҶƽͻΣգ˵120𣿡
־ץٲߣһ򣡡
ʤһҶƽһòᣬڼ־ǰҶƽʵݣʵҶƽûҹҶƽݣֻܰѻѹסȴ֮ƽ
Ҷƽʤ˶еѻ֮ʣＱææظϹˣӵ֮ƽĵ绰֮ȴ绰ͷһҶƽȻϸϹû뵽ͷӵ绰֮ĴǴ绰Ҳû˵ĸ쵼ˣֻÿһûİ˽壬ûֱӵü־Ҷƽײˡ
ĸɲʵǵҲϸ¸ߴ˵ʡ쵼ˣӰ첻ãûиߴǣ˴ǣż־Ҳˡ
æһ½γԶϳҶƽΪʡ￪ᣬҶƽһҶƽ˹Ҷʡǳɽί󣡡
Ҷƽʶһܣ֪˾ȥʡ㱨ûȥˣ¶ˣȻ¶Ҳ֮ƽİɡ
ĸɲûǼ־һԼǳɽίǣֳƺҶƽΪҶʡһʱˣ֪ƺҶƽΪҶʡʲô˼ѵҶƽ־ͽҶʡ
־벻ʡСһֻˣƽļһʱվļֶҲվ￴һУû뿪
߹˵Ҷƽؿһ۵ǳɽί󣿡
æСĵصҶʡʲôʱ򵽵ģôû֪ͨһأ
Ҷƽ˿ǣֻڣûп𣿡
ҶƽȻƺǣеã쵼һ󰡣ͻ˸еǳУȻҶƽȴǽǣʱеãҶƽл
ҶƽĻ֮ǿԱߣע⵽ƽڵϣ־վԱߣһֳ棬סˣʵô£
־һƣίǰһʱˣ֪˵ʲôˣƽһˣǴеǼ˴ң
һ־Ǽģ
־æ˵ᣬᣡ
ҶƽվԱߣ˿ǣ˵ط
һҲסˣ֪Ҷƽ˵ʲô˼ĸط
ҶʡǡҶƽʵ
Ҷƽ⻰˼ǰɣλǴǣʲô֪˵˼ʲôˣ
Ҷƽһתͷ־ȥҲȥ֪ǴǣʵղŸʲôˣΪʲô
Ҳǲ²⵽ʲôˣֱ־˵£־̸еˣղ棬ʧӰ١
˵ӣƽ־ղŲ˵б˵һ飬һ
ƽһ룬󳹵ҶƽΪʲô˵طˣԭ־Ϊ־˵ˣ
ɳ˹ί칫ģֱӶίηԸ
Ǽһоãǿ־ŵץˣȻɳˣȻһţƽǴеҪܣ
һ˭Ҳ׼ܣţ
ίǣƽʱҲĺܣһ˶ʱҶˣƽʱϰǰҫ쵼Ǳûˡ
־һҲǸеˣίǷˣĻסˣȻûиҶƽ˭أѵʲôʡ𣿿ҶƽôϹϾӣҪ󰡣ղҶƽǰȴ˵ԼҪ˼ңˣﵽˣײùͷˣ
ǳ־߹СĵصҶʡȹӭ㵽ȥϾ͹
Ҷƽ˿ȴû˵ǣڻس֮ǰȵ￴֮ȥسҲ٣λأôܻȥ


1469 ӯ
һҶƽ˽ʶҪӣһҪҶƽкˣȴû뵽ҶƽΪʲôҶƽԲһ򵥵£ҶƽΪʡͻȻ֮ģһԵʵġ
ҶƽڵϵƽʲôϵҶƽӵʲôٱ˵ʲô⣬֮⣬ʲôԭҶƽͻȻأ
ҶƽĻ֮̿˿ڵϵƽæίΣþȻƽжصˣҶƽ˵ˣҪչ˺
ί֮æȥҽԺ쵼绰˹˴˵绰Ҷƽ˵ķƶô
һ˵ҶʡǰίҪ󣬷ƶһֱչĻյЧ
ҶƽһʲôҲ˵ؾƽȥæںţߵƽʱ򣬱Ƕ˵㿴һһҵʲô㲻ƶ
̳ƽȥǷ滷ܲŮ˺ͯڳЦ·Ҳãһ֪
ŵһɹζ˱ǶƽﴫģټǼҵųȾЩվסˣǿҶƽվ³֮⣬ȻҲֳܱˡ
Ҷʡҿ϶ƶƶͷƶ˴ʩҪβѣѵѣͱΧȷǵܵõϣͬʱܰƶ״̬
һҶƽ˵֪ͱΧ𣿡
һҶƽǸеƽûͱϷΧһҶƽ⣬ġ
룬תͷѼ־˹־ʱվﲻ֪ˣæ˹
һ˵Ǵ֧ǣ⻧ȺûͱΧ
־һϱøˣͰ͵˵ûûУǼϷûܣ
һϴ˵˭涨ϷûܵͱģôȨ
ˣΪҶƽǰе̫ˣûҶƽһ֮ƽҪ֪º֪ô֧ǰӺˡ
־ɨҶƽһۣһʱ˵ڸеͱ¦ˣŪףҶƽһʡĴ٣ʡʡĹٱ٣Ͳ˵ˣȻղȻҶƽҶƽǰ˵ⲻ
һɳˣίһԸǰǼ˸ˣƽһֻǼȴǲ߼־ִ˵ұǼ־ָʹģΪʲôץ
ƽһɳ˾Ͳ֪ҪҪץ־Ϊ־Ǵ֧ǣɳҲʶɳ˱ǰĿ⿴ίΡ
ʱ־վҶƽǰίһ˵£ǿҶƽʾҶʡҪɳˣ
Ҷƽһ۵¡
һ̻ɳ˰Ѽ־ߣȻɳ˱ǹѼ־ѺϾҽԺľȻҲˣ󣬱ǰƽȥơ
ƽʱҲ֪ҶƽˣԭΪҶƽֻһߣû뵽ȻʡĴ쵼ʡΪ𾪣еһ㣬벻ʡļôʱĻ
ǺøɲƽȻһҸ֮УڼʹðҲеˣϾȻ֮ǰŵӺһҶʡ
Ҷƽ˹˵ƽúȥҽԺ˰ɣźͺӻᰲ˸չ˵ģ
ҶƽȻ뵽ԼҪչ˵£ƽһʱ֮еӯӿƺûйί͸жһˣҪ֪Ȼ־Կȥ־ڴͷû˿ģΪļʵ̫ˣźǲмļͥ϶ƵģȻҶƽȴƵæԵļжԸӵصĵز
ҶƽúȥˣվԱ߿ҶƽչƽҲеǳ˼ˣҶƽʡˣƽ϶ûʲôݹϵҶƽȴչƽļУ˸еǲ˼顣
ƽᱻ̧˾Ȼϣ˵ȻȻˣȵȻ֮ҶƽǶ˵һһ϶ӣ㰲ֵ˹չ˺ã˵ºʹ˵£ίҲúùעһ£Ǹ֧ǣֱǵطʵۣ˵δɲ˵ϲϸ񣿡
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Ҷƽղûмǰ˵Ļ˵Ҹ˵һ˸˵Ȼ͸˵ʡǰͨϰǰʲôӣĳĴɲôóģ˭õģǳɽίҪһ鵽ףҪ𣬲ϡͿֻǴ֧ǣֻǴץһðˣҪûĵίʶôɲĻ׼ûʵһɲΪɲչΪԱһļɣ
Ҷƽ⻰һǣ˿Ҷƽ˵еĴɲ֮ԻΪ㵳ίĪĹϵǶԴɲΪ˽⣬ʧְܣһʵ۾ͻðղƽĻ˵̨Ժ󣬾̼Ʋ˼ܣȡʲô滮ѣ˸Ҳ飬Ӷ˵ز㵳ίʲôȥˣھͰĵί糤ȫй
ҶƽȻǳ߼־ΪǼ־˵ΪԲһγɵģһκΪʱ˳һܣ㵳ίܲʣݼ־Ϊʧְ㵳ίźܴΣҪһʲô
̸ĵί糤绰糤ûͷʵѾ֪Ҫظأһ绰Ǿĸˡ
Ҳ쵽ˣ绰ʮӣĵί糤ǹˣһ·СҶƽǰӡ
һǱǰףΪҶƽǰеѿˣ˼֮󣬱СվţҶƽǲʶǸо죬ڵҶƽ
ҶʡˡתͷҶƽ˵
Ҷƽһ˿ȥֻĶ֣ܹͦŽǣȥǺͷ̳ϵĴϰ塣


1470 Ⱦҵ
Ǻ糤ˣҶƽ۾һɨǺ糤ͻȻеҶƽǰǱϹϾӣϸҶƽòͻȻʶҶƽʡ
ҶʡҶʡлǣҪúûش𡣡һߺ糤˵һߵɫǽһ㣬ӿԴǾԲܴǽˣҶƽѰӴºԲŹ
Ҷƽĸеһ־ڴͷţǺ糤֪ܲȻ֪ȴûʧְ˵ǻǰһڵطһԣĻһҪúôǡ
ҶƽĿ⿴ǣʵ֪֪
Ǻ糤һ֪Ӻ˵ڴǿ϶֪ģҶƽʣ˵֪ĻҶƽʲôأ˵֪ĻǸˣ糤ô֪ܲأ
Ҷʡ֪Ǻ糤æȻ۰Ͱ͵￴Ҷƽ
ҶƽǵǼȻ֪ôǣڴͷʲô
Ǻ糤һ֪ҶƽҪ˵ʲôΪ˲֪־ײҶƽ£ǰɨһۣ࣬ƺ˷ʲôˣǸӽŲѡ
־ڴĹǲģȫ˵ڼλģȻҲдǾеĴǣҶƽ˵
һȺڣҶƽ˵һǣȥɣ
Ҷƽɫһ䣬˲Ҫٴˣ˵ļ̫ͣټǣ̸̧ˣȻһ˵ĻǸе־ӣ絳ίݲ޹ϵ
һҶƽɫһ䣬ǻȥǺ糤һʱɵۣɵؿһҶƽı飬֪ҶƽԸˣٴҲûʲôãҶƽˣǰڰֵǻȥɣúһӣ
Ǻ糤һ󷢻ˣȻǲٴطˣæˣ󿴵ǻˣԵҲûʲôӣǱϾҶƽˣأ
Ǻ糤˸ߣ֮ƽïڸϵˣʤϵȻ֪Ҷƽæ˹
Ҷʡʲôʱİʧӭˣ֮ƽŴ˹ЦҶƽʵܲˣ·ϵʱɵïǰԹҶƽ˵УȻһкֱӵŪ󾰣뻨йȥ
ïЦЦûи֮ͣƽϴûȥʡֱҶƽ㱨ҶƽӦǶˣҶƽһǹеģҲк֮ƽֲ
һҶƽ棬֮ƽȴǲܽκβĻһҪװǳϣҶƽӣҶƽк
֮ƽï֮Ҷƽվ߹Ȼһһ֡
֮ƽͬ־ïͬ־ãǰʡίʡڼǿƶҺ˾һеһ·ƶǿòãҶƽֺ󣬱ǿ֮ƽï˵
֮ƽһһȻ˵ҶʡжԷƶǷǳӵģʲôָʾǵġ
Ҷƽһ۵֮ƽͬ־ȲҪżûеûзȨҵָʾҲã飬ָʾǾϹָӣҲϹָǣ˵ǲǣ
Ҷƽһ֮ƽǸеҶƽƺڹܻǱϴȥʡ㱨Ĳ
Ҷƽ£֮ƽһ˵ҶʡָʾôϹָأҪзƶ޳ɣֻǲ֪ҶʡôУ
ҶƽϵĿȻ֮ƽ֮ƽͬ־ûŵʲôζ𣿡
ʵ֮ƽһŵˣֻǼڼҶƽĻ£ʱҶƽһҲſеζȻ˵ĳʲôˮ𣿡
֮ƽҶƽҲûע⵽·ߵѼҵ˾µȾԲŻΪʲôˮµζ
Ҷƽ˺һָ˵֮ƽͬ־ǸѼҵ˾˰ɣ˾ųˮµĳζũĻǺõģûʲôȾĶȻũҲһƬˣҲ˵ũŲٵƶֳȾˣվŵֳζȥ𣿡
֮ƽţǸеһģǲ˴ĵطȻϰȴһֱҹ˾ʵ̫ûйˡ
Ҳŵ˹ζûȥ룬ͷΪ˷չڻҪϾͲǺܸߣܶȾСҵ仧Ȼ˰պ;ҵȻȴǰѻƻˣһֻۣһֻۣһĻ÷չǰָ˼룬֮ⷽƽǰ֧ġ
Ҷƽרᵽ⣬еҶƽַܶչ˼·֧֣ҶƽǿƶȻҪƶĻȴǲչôУѵǸƶǮ
֮ƽҶƽĻ˵Ҷʡڵȷ򣬱ٽչ֮䣬ǴһìܵģҲ뷨ìܣҪչƻ
Ҷƽ֮˵˵ĺеִ¾Ͳôһˣ֮ƽͬ־ҸղһЩȺڵﲻ˵
֮ƽһʱסҶƽѾȺڽӴˣֻǲ֪Ⱥڻ˵Щʲô˵һЩõĻǿǲˡ
Ҷƽһۣ˵Ѽҵ˾ǲʹĿ
ҶƽȻǶ֮ƽ˵ģĿȴǿΪ쵼ҵĵϣӦȻƽĵܵ˵Ѽҵ˾֮ƽģǾʲôڻ˵Ҷƽֱ϶֮ƽģֻ
ҶƽԼ˵ֻûӦһ˵ҵҵȥոġ
ҵ󲢲̫ΪѼҵ˾ģ󣬲עΧ֮ڣҵ϶ģȴ֪ģֻҶƽ
ĻҶƽʵҵ˭֪֪
Ҷƽ󣬿һ֪֪֪˵ὲһЩ
Ҷʡ˭ģҪ绰ʵһ£ΪҵȽ϶࣬һʱȫǵãҪھʹ绰ȥʵҶƽ˵


1471 Ҫɱ
ĻҶƽһ룬Ƕ˵ȥʵɣҺ֮ƽͬ־˵仰
ïһֱûнΪҶƽҪǺ֮ƽ˵ģȻ⻷Ⱦ£ҶƽҪ֮ƽҲ岻졣
ȥ绰ʵȥˣҶƽ֮ƽеһȥȻ˵֮ƽͬ־ͻȻкҲǲʲô뷨
Ҷƽֱһ֮ƽȻǸе˼ˣæ˵Ҷʡô뷨أǶǹĴ֧֣һǵĹһһĴٽ
Ҷƽ⻰˵ûǻǵĹһٽãǲһϲΪʡǵĹҪʡôٽĻһǲ˵ģβǶǻʲô뷨˽⵽һЩʵһֱǿ쵼Ҫ˽⵽ʵͲҪڰ칫棬Ҫǰӵִͨô͵ˣĺܣιĩʱкǰֱ֪ͨӵص㣬ת㿴֪Ϊʲôᵽ𣿡
Ҷƽһ֮ƽǸеЩҲסȻҶƽ˵ǶԻʲôôҶƽᳫᳵе磬ȴо׵ΪõطϷǳȥǷߣڻҪټһҪ쵼ˣ쵼ҪȼˣԺ󲻾ͺ
֮ƽҶƽ£˵Ҷʡ㲻ɳζӵİɣ
ҶƽǺһЦ֮ƽͬ־δ֪ųŵһӹζһڹ·Աߣ˸еԾ˵һȾҵǶұ¶ҪĹ·ԱߣȻҵȻô󵨣ֱڹ·Աŷˮ֮ܲƽͬ־ʲôԭ򣿡
Ҷƽ֮ƽҪ֮ƽķӦ֪֪ҵȻ֮ƽһ֮ȴҲǺԻӣ˵ҶʡҵôΪͷϰ鴦ˡ
֮ƽҶƽоЩƣѵ֮ƽ治֪Ҷƽһ룬˵֮ƽͬ־Ⱥںҽʲô𣿡
֮ƽһʵҶʡһȺ˽⵽ٵɣ
֮ƽҶƽһ䣬̽ҶƽȺ֪ʲôҶƽһ˵֮ƽͬ־伲֮䰡ڰ칫ǲ֪һЩǧٹֵģ֮ƽͬ־˵ǣҵ֮Իô󵨣֮ƽͬ־һĹϵ
йϵ֮ƽһ£ҶʡҲ֪ҵ
ҶƽȺٵĳɷ֣޷粻˰˵ҵ֮ԻôΪҵͨģΪģͷͷҵǣǷۣ綼ҹܣҵŸôȺ֪ӵģȻ֮󣬲֪٣ˣ֤һ£Ⱥ˵ûһأ
Ҷƽһ֮ƽ۾ʲôʱҵйϵˣ⵽ôһ£Ҫһҵͷˡ
ҶʡĲ֪ҵʲôϵҲϰԶﴫأ֮ƽ˵
Ҷƽһ˵֮ƽͬ־ҰϰյĻ˵ҪʲôģֻҪһΪ쵼ͬ־ģһСľͻϰڱ飬˺£ȴǻ飬˵ʲô˵һЩĻв֮ǻҪѧ˸ð
Ҷƽ֮ƽеҶƽ϶ҵŷȾˣæûвҵ˭ģȵһʣ˸еΪѣֱǰ
Щµӣ֮ƽ˵ʵûУʵ˾ͽ˭ҵ
Ҷƽӣоһ飬˵֮ƽйء뵽Ҷƽ֮ƽͬ־ҲǺƣʲôͽʲôˣʲôǡ
Ҷƽһ󿴿Ҷƽֿ֮ƽŰʵ˵Ҹղˣֵ̾˾ҵҵϰǳţ鼸ζˣ
һ֮ƽһӱ˽ɫôܣԼһ㲻ô˵ҵأ
ȷˣʲôʱҵҪʵˣ֮ƽǿص
е֮ƽһղйǲʵΪҶƽڸǰý»Ӱ쵽֮ƽҶƽ֮ƽҲǸеƣһ֮ƽѿˡ
վ˵ֵ̾˵ȷʵģ⻰ֵ̾˽ģ˵ҵָ̾չ£Ѹãֵ̾˾Ϊҵҵġ
һ֮ƽеһˣ˵дȻŵŰ£
֮ƽԼ󣬱ǷǳߵӣȻ˵ǲ֪ģڱβҪ䵽ͷҶƽǰԵ̫ѿˣ
ҶʡңûйܺԼˣҵǣߣȴұĺڹһȥԺһҪദ֮ƽǶҶƽֵ
Ҷƽ˿оǲ֪ӦиĹ˵֮ƽͬ־˰ɣΪ쵼ͬ־ֻҪвп˸ãŵ£˾ͲҲ鴦ҵ˵ʲôأȻҪԭΪð£ͬʱͬ־Ҳǹأǵĸǲҵ㣬Ҫһ룬Ϊ쵼ͬ־ûĲĵطΪʲôͬ־ҵǣǲЩǲܼʱ˽֪ǲûл㱨ǻ㱨һЩõ⣿ЩԼҪǵ⣬ͬ־ҵҵҵ쵼ͬ־˵ˣΪûγһǳͨʹ˻㱨ҲпܰѹȥǾԼˣ԰ǻҪ濴һ˽һͲܵɱˣ֮ƽͬ־˵ǲǰ
Ҷƽһ֮ƽ룬оԼӿǶˣҶƽЩеҶƽΪʡǴȺڵȥǵģ˸ܷǳ̰
Ҷʡ˵ǣҲҽĻǲ֪ͷҪúôһ⣡֮ƽæ˵


1472 
֮ƽҶƽǰηǳһȾҵȻ˹û뵽ģΪίȻΪһȾСҵȥʲôڹȻȴΪӻҵȴи˹
ԼƤܵӰ죬ȻʮֿɺޣԼȴҲˣΪʲôû㱨£ǾȾ̫С𣿻Ϊͻӻҵ
Ҷƽ飬ֶ˵֮ƽͬ־Һ㽲ֻһСǵĿĻҪзƶߣǵ⻧ͥһ
˵꣬Ҷƽֱƽļһ֮ƽǿƽֳһ֮ɫ
֮ƽͬ־㿴⻧ͥҶƽ˿Ƕ˵
֮ƽһ˵Ҷʡû뵽
ҶƽͥȽ⣬вмŲزǽֻǿ⻧ͥ飬ҪļͥȥƶȥṩȻܲҵ£ƶͥȻûͱΧԭڴĸɲǼìܣ˵˸е߲ߣ
֮ƽһʱ֪ҶƽҪ⻧ͥˣƶߵĸɲͬ죬ôʵҵߣֻǿԼ棬ڴ˳߲֮֮ףͷûƺסǣΨƺǵ˱絳ίȻ絳ίƺϸȱλ𲻵ƺãôɲڴͷ޷ˡ
ҶʡҶûȥص˽⣬֪飬Ҷʡһͷһúõȥоһ飬ѷƶʵá֮ƽأҶƽʾ
Ҷƽͷ˵֮ǰ֮ҪҪƶߣϰ˽⵽Щ֪άԼȨ棬ȻߵʹʱпĳЩ˽ˣϰȴǲ֪ȰѺô㣬ȺڵõʵݣȥôУҪӴԻ㹤ҽһηƶʵ飬ǻпȿչ
Ҷƽһ֮ƽæͷ˵ͷٿίúоһ顣
ҶƽҲӣڵʱҲҪȥƶߣϰ˶֪ҲҪ˹ͿˣҸһ⣬ѧٵĻᣬôѧѧμѧᣬͬʱʵǵذѧδǹ飬ȽϿ͹۹Ҿһð취֮ƽͬ־أ
һҶƽ飬֮ƽæ˵Ҷʡǳðȶѧɹһٶð
ֻҵһ˼·ǽ˸ģ⻹ǵͬ־ҪʵʹһҪʵʡίʡߣͬʱķƶҪüලѺʵãϴǼƶɲҵ룬KTV裬ĸɲôƶɲĸɲݺݵɱһӰ٣𣿳ɽίδģǴ̫ĸɲҪһЩѲ˺ˣΪץǵķƶҪϸ񡣡
Ҷƽ⻰һվԱ߸еվסˣ̫ˣͷҲֻǽǰƶ츱θְ⻹ǹҶƽ˼֮ģȻҶƽȴһصĴǾǿ
֮ƽ֮תͷ˵ͷȥעһ飬ҶʡָʾǼƶɲ
һȴһ˵ǲ̫ЩܲܿǵĵˣǵԱģǴ֣ɲԣ
ΪֱӿǣҲǸеѰ죬⼸ɲڱ֮ÿҪǵ֣ͲðˣȻ⼸ƶɲǸɲҲǻ˰ҪԷ£ڰǷˣܲ
֮ƽһ˵㿪ǿôķϻ
Ҷƽ֮˵ͬ־ıȽˣϣǾԲκεĸ֮ʣǱʲôôǾ취ҪǽΪʲôҪǣ͹Ǹᣬ˵ǶԵ͹ǼȻԵ͹ǾͲҪظˣ뿪أֻҪΥֻҪظɣǾҪص͵Ĺ涨ǵĵ͹涨ڹģҪԱɲǽʲôʲô鲻һҪŪǳɽίҪ֮ͨý壬ôҿôԴЩɢѵ͹Ϸ˵ġ
Ҷƽһǲ˵ˣڵĵҪԽԽˣҶƽҪĸϣ֮ģִǲеˣԴɲҪ֮ϣԴȺҪֺ֮ãڵƺߡ
Ҷƽ֮ƽïԼ˾˵飬˵֮Ҷƽž͸ûȥˣ˽ģҲ˽⵽ˣȥĵطҲǲ˽ˣֻлȥˣֻҪ˽⵽Ҳˡ
ҶƽҪȥ֮ƽҪȥȥȥԷҶƽȴǶ˵֮ƽͬ־òһˣٺú˽һߵɣҾͻȥˣֱӾǻʡˣǲҪôдңС£ǲعϣײףֻҪ⴦ˣȻϱңҾͺܸˣˣɣڻȥˡ
Ҷƽ֮ƽҪȥԷ飬˽⴦á
Ҷƽִˣ֮ƽҲֻÿϳ뿪Ҷƽ֣ϳ뿪ˡ
ҶƽĳԶ֮ƽɫһӱѿתͷһȾҵŪ·ߣǲ±˲֪㿴Ūģίжôûһ㷴ӳЩ⣿
ȾҵŪΣҶƽ֮֮ƽǳ˵ǣ治֪°ûҷӳҷӳٻᰲһ£һʲôȻ㱨һ£ˣ
Ļ֮ƽȻһŭݣ˵˹ҵˣԺ˴ҵЩ飬һҪңҪʣֱңҲһ룬СҵһһҲûУ
֮ƽûӣ󲻸˵κεĻȻҲǲ֪֮ƽŭֻгܣ˭¼أԼϼϼϼˣҲֻаѻ¼ˣ֮ƽʱ˳Ͳˡ


1473 
֮ƽѵһ٣ïԱ߿Ҳ䣬ڽ֮ƽǣƽʱ֮ƽǱȽǿƣϲ˵ʲô֮ƽҶƽʱʱ֮ƽ
֮ƽ֮ܵȻǰѻ֮֮ƽ룬ҶƽϽ﷢⣬ʱҶƽĻǶǲá
벻Ҷƽ˲·ƣ֪Ҷƽϴȥʡ㱨Ӧȥģڳ飬취ֲãȻҶƽˣڹᵽ飬ô˵Ƿǳõġ
ïýδ֮ƽïԼһ˿Ͼܻ᲻ȫڱҪʱҲҪïġ
ï£˵ǣҿҶʡԴʡǳȺڹҪ쵼ɲҪѧȥ˽ȺڵȺڹˣһܸ˵ģҾý飬ǲǳֹҪڲԭ򣬲ȡȸķʽ⣬˵ǲǣ
ïҶƽӴĴȽ϶࣬оҶƽűȽ̵˽⣬Ľ飬֮ƽһоï˵еΪӽҶƽһʮȺڹˣȻСӣһƽ죬˽⵽ô⡣
֮ƽ룬ͷҿҪ⼸£һίҪٿίٴоƶɲȥKTVֵ£ҶʡҪȫҶʡɲסɷ𲻵ãȻˣǾҪһЩҪҶʡ⣬ΣҪײ飬ŪΪʲô⻧ͥûͱΧҪһΪһʾȫзΧڽѧϰֺȺ鷢һҪץûĹڼǿʹͬʱҪûΪչƻ˻⼸飬ضҪãҪûУ
֮ƽһæӦţȻʾһѹãʡ쵼⡣֮꣬ƽǵǾˣʲô̶ȼʱ㱨
֮ƽ˵һǺïһȥˣ͵·ϣ˵ĳԺҲǶʱʱǺ糤ĵعˡ
ղҶƽ뿪ֻ뿪ˣһֱû뿪ԶһֱԶߣʲôǻҪģֻǲҿѣڿʡ쵼ˣǲС˹
ǣղʡ𣿡߹󣬱ˡ
һ˵ɵĺ£
Ǻ糤һǴһ£ʡ쵼ǰϹϾӣǰǱȽس磬ͺο糤ˡ
Ļ֮վûҲû˵ΪҪĻᱻøʲôҲ˵ȥ
ʡ쵼⣬ǲ֪飬㱨Ū¨ӣǲǸˣǵǸʲôԵģָǵͷƤ
Ǻ糤˱̧ͷͷȴǲģΪôҪԤ֪ʡ쵼ͻȻãط˵Ҫʡ쵼ߣȲǴк˵ʲôأֻ˵ʡĹϵûдãˣʡ쵼ᳵͻȻ
Ȼֻ뷨򲻸˵ģ˵󻹲ֻվ￴ŵأͬѵ˵Ļѧ
㿴ط·ôô࣬һȾҵôʱ䣬㲻㱨Ⱦҵʡ쵼ôᵽô£ôô󣬸ʡ쵼ǰ˵Լֱ˵ôΪǵģ㻹ûһԭԣܸܲɣоղҶƽ֮ƽѵȫҪйɵֱָίǵԴˡ
⻰ƺרŶǽģ糤һʱеûѹվﰵЦǣһʱǸְĻ糤лˡ
ǣҵ˵쵼ģôҲ۰˵лأǸо̫ݵģɵԱһ¡
˵ʲôǶ֪£ǵ£Ǿ͵ʥּˣôУڻȥᣬͷһ飬ȰǸӸˣǻͥĵͱˣһ㱨
ɫضǺ糤˵Ǻ糤˶æӦȻϳҲˣҪٿίᣬʵҶƽ֮ƽ˵ָʾ
֮Ǻ糤˳Աߴһ־أ
Ǻ糤ѵ˰죬ȴҲѵĶ󣬱־ˣǶѵ־һ٣ó
Ա߾˸ǣ˵־ɳ˸ˣ˱Ǻ޺޵صɳ˺ú
Ҷƽصʡ֮󣬱ǰѷйԱһ飬ֱȥеһũķƶʵ⣬ȫܹ鴦ãҪɳ飬ãһʲôԭȻɲǷǳҪԭ򣬵ѵһûκε
÷֪ͨʡίҲҪ飬Ҫһǿĵȥ飬鳤ʡһ鳤Σۺϼίƶزһ顣
ָʾ֮ȥŲ飬ȻѵҶƽл㱨
Ҷƽ֮󣬸оԣȵԱȫλ֮ѵгԱеһҪǿᡣ
鹲ʮˣȫǳľǿҶƽǽй֮Ǹǽ˻
ԱһҶƽҪԺ̸֪εᣬȻҶƽֱӸǿὲ
Ҷƽ˽Ǵ˴кҶƽ߽󣬱˵ǵεأҪǵƶߵʵǻһ飬ǾǵһƶûзֺũȺ£ԭȻγһʮʵı棬ҿı棬ʲôɼֻʲô⣬ǵ鲻ʲô⣬ôͲҪʵʲһҸҪദһҪʵǵȥ⼸ȫϵͳذѴڵҳֻҪҵ⣬ǵһ룬һ֮˵ûУ


1474 ɲ
Ҷƽһ˾ָʾţ˹һҵҲǸеҪǳˡ
ָʾҶƽôǰȥ飬ǰָʾǣȥ˻вҪ뻨ί߳ɽίκνӴҪǽϵһҪܵطӰ죬Ҫʵ
Ҷƽ⻰ҸеҶƽ˽֪ǵ˵طϣطϵط¾ͻǧټƵذһЩӰ쵽ǵĳɼҪ˽ʵܵطӰǺбҪġ
Ա̸ҶƽָʾˣʱѾٿίίǼKTVֵĸɲҪ⼸˵ʱĳίǸе̫ˣǼƶɲеʱֽô죿
һǸߴңʡ쵼ָʾִָʾǲǾȥʡʡ쵼ȥͷҲǺչˣκ۲ʡ쵼ֻоǣôȡѵҪһЩ¡
ίĻûʲô˵ͬ˿⼸ƶĸɲǽдý֪Ϣ̶
ɲֻǵKTV泪˻裬Ȼܵ˿Ĵ֣ýһǵĹעһسɽίǶˣôصĴνǶԹְԱһֺܴľʾ󲻻˸ˡ
⼸ܵķƶɲһľǾˣ벻Ѿôһ鴦
ƶ츱δǼƶɲȥίҪ˵ǲܰѷ붪ˡ֪ұҲûãֻûа취ǽӼǣʲô
⼸ƶĸɲԼҪΪܿǣǲίľ˿ǣǰҶƽӰӣҶƽģĻûãڻҪ˵ǣǷίľ
һ롣һ⣬˵ǲǰɣߣҴȥһط
˲֪ʲô˼ʵҪȥʲôطﲻܽ𣿡
˿ǵ֮Ǿ֪ˣ֮Ҹ˵忪ǵԭ򡣡
һֻøĺϳʻίԺʮӺҶƽȥǸ壬˲֪«ʲôҩΪʲôҪǴͷʲôأ
Ǹе֮ʣ˳ƽļʱƽѾԺˣͷΪ˵ͱǼ־ҲɳˣȻ£ȻŴǣƽǸеˡ
һ΢Ц֣ƽҶƽĹģҲŴУƽ֪ʲô˼кһ¡
΢Ц֮󣬱Ǽƶɲһƽɲ˿ƽû˵κεĻ
ƽеЩĪ˵ȻûбְҪȥ־ְ
һǸע飬һģƽŸе⡣
żɲ˿ƽ󣬱ǴǼƶɲˣȻȥ絳ί糤ҳΪʲôûȥ־ְƽˣҪҪ
糤һǾñס־ˣԭͷü־δǣڿ϶ǲˣæӦ϶Լ־ְ
糤˵껰ǰѼƶɲеһ˵ղǼҵǼ˰ɣ
˱ǵһ֪ˣƶǿ֮ʲô룿ǹҸɲʳǣȴǲյ͵Ҫȥ£ǳһٳһٸ裬һѣܹ𣿶˺ܲõӰ죬ǱǷƶɲȴݳ޵飬ȽϣʲôģҸǣǲҵľʡ쵼ľҪıʡ쵼ľȥʡͷʡ쵼ȥҲûа취˰ɣ
һһҲǲģһʡ쵼Ҫǵģһʱеһ˵ˣǱعʡ쵼֪ˣʡ쵼ŭˣžǵġ
ǲ˵ˣ˵ίȻˣǴ˵ǻ㰲һĹģйҸɲˣҲǹԱˣֻܰȥҵȥͬ⣬͸ǰţǲͬ⣬Ը˭˭ɣ
Ҳչһ£һ¹ʧҵ⼸һһʱǽܲˣʾǿǿ˵
ǺһسǣǰѹȥƶɲȥԺ˰۶ǷǳǾôңҲ޼£Ϊʡ쵼ġ
ոհ⼸ƶɲʡɽˡǽӵίĵ绰֪ġһиûоǹˣҲû֪ͨҺõǣίǰ֪˴£ôһʮ˵ĵ飬һҲй¶
֪º󣬱ǻ֪ʲôǲҶƽйأȥӴһС
һίˣί˸ҲûӴ飬ֻ׼ҪǵĻҪṩţע˽Ķ򣬼ʱͷ㱨
һָʾоͷˣ޷Ӵô˽ǵĶأֻаŰˣŵǡ
Ҳ֪ȥ飬ҶƽȥǸص㣬ҪͷöҵĹ
ȥţԱѾ˳ɽأҶƽҪҪּ鵽ͷƶһҶƽȥǸ壬רŵͬʱ˽һ¶Լ־Լίûε⡣
ǼѼҵ˾ͣˣζҲûˣ֮󣬱ȿ˿⡣֮ƽȥԺ󣬱飬ݺݵһ٣Զԣ˵ҲǺ⣬ҵͶʣ˵Ǵ쵼ͶģطϾͻչˣѼҵ˾ϰѣһæȻҹ˾ҲԿ֮ƽĳɼԲġ
Ļ֮ƽͿ󲻵ôദ֣֮ƽһ֮´ôˣΪ쵼ô簡֮ƽˣǿɾǴϵ˵£ˣ


1475 
һɽ֮󣬰ҶƽķԸûдκεк뵽ũȥ˽⵱صķƶʵ
ʡ鳤ӵصҶƽȥǸе˽⣬ǵĴȥ˽
ʡ鳤ҲǲСĹˣҶƽԸΪʡ鳤϶ҪܵĽӴģҶƽͬ־ӴǸӴֻҪЭʱǽнӴʡ鳤ҲԵͷ˽
ʱ־ְûͷȥ¼ȴҲǲκεİ֮ˣϰ֪ȻʡǰˣʱҵﶼǸ˼ˣ־ôʡǰˣ磬ⲻ˸еˬ찡
ϰնǳʹ޼ΪԴϴ֮ĿһУһ죬ļԱҲڴͷаԵȻʡһܵġ
ǵǿ־ɳ˼ַ֮ųʱЩ㲻ˣѵ־ôʡܴɳһ˵ҲûбȺڱһֻֿŵ־ʲôʱŻᵹ
Ⱥ뷨֮󣬵һˣʡ鳤ͷҰصķƶʵĸɲص˾һۺϵ˽⡣
ͻȻʡͷȺ뵽ʡߵ飬Ӵ˾ǰѼ־˵ʡ鳤֮󣬱Ǹ¼ΪҶƽ㱨ݡ
ʱ֪ʡ֮˽жңܽŵعע飬˽뵽һũ֮Ǿũ˽˽Ȼûȥ쵼㱨
һȺܵʡ鳤ﷴӳʡ鳤һͷ񻰣ڵ˽Щ˾ȻһȺڼǵʲôⲻǸŵ
ʡ鳤һ룬ɱһǹ˽ǵһũңð˸ĸɲһһվ￴
ʡ鳤˵˭ǹģҳȥҿǣǣ
ĸɲһæˣʡ鳤뿪֮󣬲ŸǻȺڣùǣҪǸղŽʲô
Ⱥڿ˻ͷҲǺܸ˵ģҲĸɲʲôѹǲòʡ鳤ĻǾͲˡ
ĸɲ֮æͷ㱨ͷһɵۣû뵽Ҫôϣû뵽ֻòȥȺڼ˽ˣǻҪңһȥļĻȵԱ֮ٹȥʡ
ʡ鳤ڴͷһ죬֮󣬱Ǽ鵽سסݣȴڶͬʱҪѵһһ¡
ʡ鳤ȻûطϽϵһ鳤֮ƽķԸ˳ɽأȵʡ鳤سǾס֮Ǵͬ־ȥкһʡ鳤ʲô̬ȡ
ʡ鳤סʹһˣˣĸ鳤ֱʡ鳤סķȥš
ʡ鳤ոճ극صźǴ򿪷ţһĸ鳤˶ʶ
棬ʡ鳤˵ʲô˵޿ײ밡ǵǵ˾͸ӽ壡
鳤æЦ鳤Ҫ湤ͬ־Ŀ԰кᳵӣżһ氡ûа취ֻˣ
ʡ鳤һۣ˵ǴкǾӦй涨ʡǵˣﻹҪǵأҪϵǵʱͻϵˣ
鳤Ц˵鳤ǵңһ棬ǲʧ֮𣿵ҲϵֻˣǧҪǰ
˿鳤ʡ鳤ҡҡͷ˵ǰ֪˭ϵĲҶʡҶʡûǴкʲô磿ǲҶʡѧϰͬ־ֻҪòãͲ»ʲô¨ӣʲô¨ӣǼʹҲģ˵ǲǣҪԼıְãĶҪʲôˣ໥ŲǺܺʡӦ֮࣬Ҳ˺Ⱦۣ֮źð˵ǲǣ
⻰˵鳤Цţ˵ǲ鳤ȾƵģֻǹˮ
˵꣬鳤˰ˮʲô͵ʡ鳤ķĳԱ䶼С
鳤ʡ鳤ֻ˵Ǻãˮ£ذɣܻ鷳һ£ذɣϢˡ
鳤ʡ鳤̸һ£һ˽⵽ʲôˣһ쵼㱨Ȼʡ鳤ᣬֱȥ
鳤ȻǾȻȥˣٹ룬鳤ûʡ鳤ͬǽ˵Ựֻʡ鳤˵
ʡ鳤ˣȵڶ죬һм飬ʡ鳤һȥ
Ҫ飬Ҫϣ鳤˵绰֪ͨǸĸɲڼϹȥ˽
һҪ˽鳤֪Ҫʲô˴黹УҪе顣
ʡ鳤ҶƽָʾҪԷƶߵʵԼǸǵ̣һͷûʲôΣεĻҪдЧȡ
鳤ͷϵϹʡĵ顣
ͷǶģȴҲҪܵ飬ʱǸеΪţ֪ʲô
ʡ鳤֮󣬱һһĸɲ̸˽⣬Ǻ糤ʡ鳤֮ǰרſһСᣬôҪõòʡĵ飬˵ĻһҪ˵Ȼ˵ûʱҲҪ˵ûõʲô
Ǻ糤Ȼƽƽȹ£ȻǶƽʱҲǱֵĲãȻɲǿ˻ˣʱĸɲǲİǵҪȥرʡѹ֮¡


1476 ߿
絳ί棬̸˽ίǺ糤òˣڼεϴǵҲ˽⣬ίǺ糤ְҲǵĲࡣ
ĵ飬ʡ鳤ӻʡǣھеʱ뻨쵼һ棬ïïû飬ʹʣҲὲġ
صʡԺʡ鳤Ҷƽ˻㱨ҶƽȡĻ㱨ָ֮ʾɲ⣬һҪѰӴίϣֻɲôɲߣǵĻˮƽģίĸɲȴǻǹҸɲĻˮƽͣܶһ´ɲɲͲ̫־Ϊˣڴշѣȥϵһ¼ίȥ飬漰·֪ͨ߼Ժ˸ץúõһ󣬶Ҫ飬ĸɲҲüί룬һûְڣɷĽԺɷĸʹ֣ºγɹ򱨣нѧϰ
Ҷƽһʡ鳤ȥŴ£ˣ㱨ҶƽҪϸʡ鳤ҵȥ֮ʡίϵǽ룬μίҲȥˣֻǿһδ⡣
û೤ʱ䣬־ΪռƲץȥǵְ񣬶ίǺ糤ȫȥְ糤ְﱻ顣
ίΪʵƶ߲ʡίʡͨڸƶʵλܶƶȺûܵҵĺߣһǻĵλ棬ϸһΪίץץĲɻ㵥λȥ㣬·ƶʵãʹʡίʡķƶߴۿۡ
Ҷƽ˵˴󹤷ºרοɱ飬ο֮󣬾ץĺܽܵλھҪôֻôʡίʡһЩ߲𣬵õȫĹ᳹ʵ
һһίûܵӰ죬Ȼ֮ƽеЩˣ֮ƽ˻֮󣬾ĺܼʱֻҪĺã֮ƽʲô̬ǴҪģôһ¾Ϳˣһص˳ɽأ֮ƽҲǸоζˣֻҪζԺ֪ô
Ҷƽ飬ͷеˬһЩȺڹһֱĵ飬ƶǶȺһ飬һҪãúõʽһЩ˴ıˡ
ҪǿʵȵĶ鹤˲ҪסҪ顣
ʱ򣬹ά㱨ҶƽԼİ칫ȡĻ㱨
άԴ۶ʡԺ󣬶Ը۶ʡΰץĺܽ㱨йشڳĹ۶ʡ߾һЩΥȽܵԱӰ죬˶طڵĺڶȽϹעȫʡչһκƴĴڳж
˹άĻ㱨֮Ҷƽͷ˵ά뷨ãǲҪӴ๤ȣҪһЩǱԭƶĶأڱǺöˣЩǲǲܵģһЩһҪ֣ͷһչڳжĹݰȽȻύίһ£ȫʡʽչ
Ҷƽһϣά˵۶طñȽϷڵһЩڶ͸־ûȥˣһᣬٲǾͻ͸ȨȥѾһЩڶ͸ȨȥˣıһһǴڶĳ㡣
Ҷƽͷά㽲ĺе̣ںڶװɺ춥ˣҡһΪ¸ͷˣģسΪΣϰȴ֪ôļңôµĸôǺεģǲҪڣһҪ֯ȥǣҪοǺúýһǹؽϣϸһЩȴһЩ
ҶƽĻάӦţҶƽĿ϶һЩеĶǴ⣬ۻĽڶӵ͸һ£͸ȨȥΣȽϴ󣬶ЩĺڶӵǺýֻҪץˡ
ά㱨֮Ҷƽһ⣬ʡһҪչãȫʡľƽȽϿͬʱҲҪץὨ裬ϰܰҵĹҪʡȥעһ¡
еʱǷֻҪȡ˹ɹָеǳĸˣΪΪϰհʵ
߿Ӿ۶ˣҰѸĬҲˣڹλ࣬һ飬̿һû߿ˣĬȻҲǺóʱûˣߣһҪúõؼһ
ҶܷܷͬģھǣҶܷܷͽҶ߿ĹϵһֱܺãҶûҶܷܷŸ߿ˡ
۶ʱҶܷܷϵһӵõĵ绰еܾϲǵĶ
ҶܷܷǸѾǡ֪ҶƽʤȥǣԼ˾ͲȥˣԼȥӡ
ʤ֪ӵʲôˣֻǰҶƽҪȥˣ֮Ҷܷܷ˳߿˵ЦȥҲǱȽϿġ
ҲǲٿҶƽ֮ĹϵˣֻҶƽһõѹϵϾҶƽڹٵԽԽһֱڹȥ
ʤǽӵסȻͷҶƽҶƽĿˣҪչ˺á
֪ѾٺˣҶƽȻҲǲкö๤ûɣֻеϲȥǡ
֮Ҷƽ˰࣬ų˱棬Ҷܷܷ͸߿ˡ
һˣҶƽЦ˹ȥ˵ܷܷˡ
ҶƽҶܷܷЦŵ磬ôڲŹǶȼˣҲ뼱ڼأ
һ߿ø첲һ£ɫЩ΢죬ûҶƽһæ˵˼ˣһʱˣ̫࣬ûд꣬Բסˡ
߿æ˵ҪҲҪ㣬ǹһߵķģ
ҶƽееεЦ֪Ǹ߿ģԸԼǰӡ
Цӣ߿תȥҲ͵͵Цˣһʱ֮൱Ǣ


1477 ҵְ
߿棬Ҷƽеôȥˣ߿ȻһȻ֪֮ǲٿܵˣȴһֱûٻ飬еЩԲס߿ȻⲢĴ
ĬڵѧϰҲǲʱȻǲǵӣ⺢иԣĬԣʡȻҲǲǣгϢ
Ĭ⺢ôԹ˵ܸʲôҶƽ˿ĬȻǿ߿˵
ҶƽĻ߿˵⺢Ӹ̫ǿˣƽʱ˵ҿҲЩģ϶ûٳ
Ҷƽ֮˵ٳҲգ¿ƼѧãѧĹ̫ˡ
߿ȴǵҲ˷ԿѧأѧķչԽԽԴˣҲԽԽʧȥı棬һǺأ
ҶƽǺЦûпѧཫԶںڰߣѧ˲һʱ߰ˣѵȫѧ𣿡
߿ЦЦ⵹ǣҪչҪƼ£߹ðɣ
߿ڼҶƽ֮ҲǺͨǰ˵ˣúҶƽһֱҲǲģĻǳڹȥ飬ֻ÷ǳ޹⣬Ӧǡ
ߺܺãֻǹæЩû㾭棬ھǵӦɣҶƽʵ
߿Ϊ˸ĬҵٻصǱȥҰ軹ңǲԸ⵽ȸĬϴѧˣٻصȥ
߿Ȼ뷨ҶƽЦھҪҲӵȥ
߿ȴ˵Ǻʲô̫ƵĻãٻܿһɽˮҰ˵ˣ׼ũȥϣڳˡ
ӹ氡ũǺܺãũ˻뵽ȷʵȳкãֻǻûгеĸӲʩáҶƽЦЦ
߿ǾǴũģڻصũȥҶɣԸȥȥʱһؼǡ
߿ТģҶƽʱˣҲصũȥһСʱ
߿Цصũ壬ƽѩͬɣ϶ھũ϶ǲӦġ
ҶƽһǺһЦԸȥҾһȥѵҰ
Ҷƽ߿͵һۣ˵⻰˼Ҷƽһ湤ƽѩǲһʱһ޹ϵܺ
׼ܷܷһڣæģǲ㣡߿Ц˵
Ҷƽһ˵Ǻú棬ʱǹǣøĬúһ棬⺢̫ˣе㵣
߿ܸСʱûаְйذɣͺˡ
߿һҶƽͲ˵ʲôˣһ˵˵ˣĬİְֲ𣬿޷øĬһְ֡
ҶƽŸ߿ҶܷܷһԷ극֮󣬰˰ٺñǻȥϢˣȻ͸߿ǷޣڵһҲǲסһ𣬼ʹ߿Ը⣬Ҳô
߿Ҷܷܷһڸ۶һڣȻǷɻؾˣҶƽǼ˼棬Ҳûʱͬһ档
֮Ҷƽ˰ҵְ񣬰Ǹߵгó־ϲټζίˣŰѰҸȥίǡ
־Ǹʡζίǣǲһֱţڼ˰֮󣬱ǽʡζίˡ
ίڸ۶ʡһҪλã־ڲ֮󣬵Ȼλӣ֮ƽеίǣҲǷģڻѾְˣʡλӣҲǺܺõġ
ҶƽʱһеίǣҪﵽĿģҪõοɵͬС
֮ƽȽעοɵĲοɵȻҲǱȽϿҶƽȴǲôðΪˣЩڣҶƽϲ
ȴûıˣֻڴοܹζίǡ
֮ƽȻѾǵؼеίˣھίλһƣҲӵһƣǣԭ鲿ȻҶƽˣ鲿˵طҪؽԼʹҶƽҲΪٵơ
ο𶫽ίǵѡοɱ֮ƽʲʡοᵽҶƽǸеķƶĲãûƶָûƶĵطҪ쵼ͬ־ܵߣڰ֮ƽߵĻ²á
Ҷƽһѣοɿһ£ûô£ڶԷƶǳӣһȽĵƶǳأ֮ƽˣӰ쵽ƶԡ
һ룬οɱ˭ζίǺʡҶƽ˰ңΪڸߵгλϸɵòͬʱ鲿ĸɲʡίӦӡ
ҶƽĻοɳƬ˵ƽͬ־ͬðȥӳ־ϵλǺʵģʡί֯һ°ɡ
ҶƽͷǣҲΪ֮ʲôϵȫΪϿǣ㻹ʵѡҲԡ
ҶƽοվЦ˵ƽͬ־˰֮һֱϵĺܺã֪һжΪ˹ڣʡ˲ٵ£ֻҪڹҶ֧Ľ顣
οػҶƽЩжæ˵ᣬԾҵĽ鲻ԣ㾡ָܿ
οЦƽͬ־˼ĺˣòԣǻָģʲôԵĵطҲҪֱָֻܹͬѸ۶á
Ҷƽеοһð೤߹ĺð೤ĸΪĭʲô磬ûʲô϶ദķǳ죬һõ飡
ο飬ҶƽȥԺ󣬰Ѱҽ˹̸һ̸顣һҪȥίǣȻеȽ˷ܣеίǿһӸܵĵطõˣܲ˷
ƽǶʲôʵ
Ҷƽͬҵûʲôˣ㵽˶֮󣬿ǲʧȻ϶ͷģΪƼ㣬һʼ֮ƽְģô鲿ˣҲö˵ʲôˡ
֮ʱһоԼϵĵӺأ˵϶ίǾ´󼪵ӡ


1478 
ʡίίоʽζίǣ֮ƽܣ֮ƽҲû̫գΪοר̸˻ѷƶãǳӷƶĹƶã϶ǲеģһ㡣
֮ƽ֮ʶƶ;شӰ죬οһ㣬ƺûʶҶƽǿץ÷ƶû̫£ڿʧˡ
˳ζίǣʡĹԱҶƽߵñȽϽĹԱְˣⲻôʶҶƽȻֻʡȴŽϴȨҶƽк͵ȥ˽ǸеЩֲжҶƽһη֮УñҪҶƽǰúõı֡
һʱ֮䣬ʡίʡγ˶µһѹԭʱʡίʡڻ˸еʡίʡԶžڵϣʡżûȥ˴ҸܲʡίʡĴڣȺҲˡ
ʱһƺʶʡίʡĴˣǳĵطҶעʡίֻĿڳ룬еʱʲô룬ǸҪаˡʡίʡ飬עǺϵ£ȻϰʶĴڣͬʱĸɲҲ̫Զʡίʡ򽻵ʡίʡĴڸзǳ͡
ڣҶƽϵˢڸУȥ˽ȥץһЩ飬ʡίʡĴڸдǿγһѹУҶƽǰγѹеͬʱʡίںǿ֧ţϵЧʱˡ
Ҷƽϣγ־棬ûѹУ϶ʮиģԱʧȥս˴´һѹǷǳбҪġ
ڣγɣҶƽֻܽһƶĸʵִչ󿪷ţٽ۶ľʵµڷɡ
ף뵳Уٿÿһȵʡɲް࣬ʱһڣרʡĸɲӣ˽µƺͶҶƽοһǲμްࡣ
˾֮ҶƽȻһ˼ңƽѩ棬Ҷμ֮ҲҲӣϷ
ҶƽһǶƽѩôϷӰѧϰԺ׼Ϸ
ƽѩһ۵첻ڼңôһҾǷ㿴ֻСᣬÿ춼ġ
ҶƽϷԻ˵־һҲմҪƺȻ⺢Ժѧˣ
ҶһϴӵǰվʲôʱѧˣѪˣ
ŶӸӣҶƽҪоӱĹԱѹܶˣĬȥȴǹԵĶֻ࣬ЩĬԶѣҶȴǲĬԣȴʮֵƤеͷۡ
ϾҪȥУѧϰҶƽƽѩúùܽһѧʹ˶ˣ
ƽѩʱڣҲĹУ㲻Ҫˣץøȥɣ
⻰Ҷƽתˣڶǹĵ٣ȴڼģϣ׳ɳΪһõ˲š
Ҷƽȥ뵳У˵У֮˰ʡʡίǺʡˣʡϼң֮ǰϼϵĽ϶࣬ڹ̫æǺǽϵˡ
Ҳʶĸĸǣ֮ȻǺѰ죬ʡʡίǺʡǳУΪڸ۶ʡʡ϶ǱȲҶƽʲôˣҲ֪ģ֮ȻԵú顣
ҶƽǴкȻһУʦΣУεʦЩǳѧʵĴʦĻǷǳġ
ڵУѧϰʱͻȻһϢʡʡΥڽ֯顣
磬Ϊͷţʱ壬㱻ϷΪɫ壬һԱˡ
ͻȻţҶƽȻǳעʵѾаˣȻ۶ʡǱŴţǴҾôʱȥˣ治ʲô˰ɣȻ൱ڽְˣֻҪ²ҲǺܺ
ҶƽҲעһʵǾϢǰһܣ¥ӹף¥ӳ֮ĺܲģһӣΪƺ̫ӭعҵһЩܡ
һ飬¥ǸеȽϺ£й¶һЩһܣȻΪг֪Ļֻܲ࣬ҪǾǱѹˣȻ̰٣ȴ뱳ѹҰΪֻҪѹңҪܵͷģҳͷķǳ
һ룬û׷׷ǿʼľԴŰͶ뵽ȥһ뵽ļǰ̸ֳЩﷸһˣЩǻŰ취ĥɻصڵļҲԸȥ
ڵļ˻ǱȽϹյģ˭һ뵽Щ¥ˣڼǧպãһѰɲζ
뵽¥ڽϵףźӲԸԼԸһ֪뷨ڰ참رĹĹǣ췵عڽܵ顣
һж¥ڻصڣһ·ɻмίԱˡмίԱһֱڵ飬¥һҪ֤ˣֻҪ¥һͻѸ
¥صڲһڸˡϢҶƽû˵֮ڣ뽫ʡͨĸʡʵ˵һܴ⣬ֻʱûжѡ
ھ˰ʱ䣬ͻȻ֣ôʶֻҪΥΥͣ۹೤ʱ䶼ܵġ
汻鴦֮󣬲μʡɲްȻۣʱֳ֣һϻνǰһСľ棬ؼұҪع涨ץõ衣
ѧϰһ죬һ׳УϿΣҽ蹤ѧԱµҪ
һ׳ˣȻǴʮֵľ񣬿ϯ̨ϵһ׳һ׳βãӣ⣬˸еһǿ
Ҷƽ濴ϯ̨ϵһ׳Ƿǳģһ׳κץ˲ٵĹǵĵĴ£Ϊʡӵһ׳ģһ׳ҽΣһҪϸˡ
һ׳ϯ̨٩٩̸ǳȤܽӵô˺ܹģҶƽͣؼǱʼǣоһʱ޷ȫһ׳ĻǺñʼǻȥԺᣬѧϰ


1479 Ҫذʡ
ҶƽھѧϰԺû죬ȫɽְϢҲǴȻû˵ΥΥͣͻȻְȴôҸеǳ֣ŵʲôԭ
ҶƽԴҲû̫ȥעҲ߻¥ǣɣȻ벻ͻȻְġ
ǲ֮󣬱ǴȫɽʹõϢӸԱ˸Աֱӽ˺üǴһ⣬ֻǴﲻΥΥ͵ĳ̶ȡ
֪Ϣ۶ʡĹԱҲǷǳпȫɽ͸ԭʡѡȻһһȴǱʹã˶ûʲô³
ҶƽǶȻûʲôӡȫɽʹ֮ΪҲ뿪˸гλӣʡЭθϯȥˣ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ǴҲ²ܵȫɽǣΪȫɽڵίڼ䣬ǽȫɽģһЩϿҲѲ˸ϵ
ΪʡЭθϯ֮־Ϊθг־ԭθʡ˴ȥ˸ег˵һˡ
־ΪʡʱϵĲҶƽڼθг۶ʡԽԽˣҪո۶ʡʱҪöˡ
άѴڳķҶƽ˿еЩڶӾҪݺݵش
Ҷƽ֪۶طһƶ壬һֱûȫڹάҪչδڳж⣬άʾζҪȫˣԲúڶΣһ
Ҷƽרǿһ£άָӣƶشץһٶӣ˵Ǵһץһٶ˵ļ¼
ڶƷǳķģһСسǶ˲ٵĶƷĶƷǴӱ߾˹ģ۶˵ǶƷڱҪס״һЩƶŻ
ЩƶͬʱֻɰɺڶӰ쵽Ĺȫ۶ʡƴȫ飬һʱ֮ڶӸеণ׷׳ӡ
Ȼ룬Ǵ󲿷ַھ׷֮¾Ͷø۶ʡΰΪת
Ҷƽǵιˣǳעΰ£Բΰֶ񻯵顣
άһʱ֮为飬Ҷƽֻǹעһ´ڳչͬʱ۶ʡչ󿪷Ŵĸ﹤ȡµĽչʡȨĹ䵽ʵܵȫձ黶ӭڹ֮ʡ˴ϣʡĹ棬ܵȫ˴һͣʡȫƱͨ
ʡ涼ǸƱͨȻ˴ʡȴȫƱͨҶƽû뵽ֻҪѹˣȺڵ۾ѩģһԳߵ͡
οɿȻҲʮ⣬ʡĹõ˴ϿɣȻҲʡίǷֲģȫ֧ҶƽʡĹڿǷǳȷģûҶƽŬǲȡýĳɼ
۶ʡľʴﵽĵİٷ֮ʮһʸ߾ӰףĳɼʵʡĪˡ
Ҷƽ۶ʡѾ꣬ο໥ϣø۶Ϊתȡ׿гЧĳɼΪҶƽܻοɳθ۶ʡίǣȻû뵽ǣҶƽͻȻӵ鲿绰ȥְ
ӵ֮Ҷƽ뿪۶ʡǰְ˾ֱ֮鲿鲿Ҫ쵼ͬ־̸ʾµĹţ׼ΰʡίǡ
ʡϼң˵һ㲻ԭصҪ쵼ְģȻ˴ȴֱΰʡίǣǾȡ
ʵоʱ򣬲ûǴҶΪҶƽʹǻصʡʡίҲǺʵģΪҶƽıôҶϿΪΪصʡҪ쵼ְ񣬶ԼְʲôӰ졣
鲿쵼̸ҶƽʵҲصȥְΪǷǳȰԼļ磬ϣԼļܽĸãȻһ£ûֻٻϼҵģȻص絣ʡίҪ쵼ôȻԸˡ
Ҷƽ鲿Ҫ쵼ͬ־ʾ밲ţȥﵣְǾְ
Ļش鲿쵼û˵ʲôʵѾˣ̸Ҳֻһıˡ
Ҷƽ鲿Ҫ쵼̸껰֮󣬱ֱɸ۶׼ýӹΪڸ۶߻һЩûãҪˡ
ص۶֮ҶƽȰѷ˹ԼҪ뿪۶ְˡһǸе죬ΪʲôͻȻߣЩ̫ͻȻˡ
˿ҶƽǸʡίϵ뽫Ҫȫ˴鳤ʶҪʡȥǵλӡ
һǸ˵صҶʡǻϼˣϼҹҪߺã˵ǰɣ
˷һۣҶƽҪǵ飬ﶼҪҪΪϰհʵ£ǲ˰
Цŵ˵ǿ϶Ǽٵģҵؽϼȥ־Ҳ뿪Ҷʡߺܸܲһ𵽰
Ҷƽ鳤ˣһҲҪθʡˣҵƿ֮ˣҵ˰ʡǱ߿һɣҪȥҾ뷨뽲һȥʱߣҲҪٴģʲô໥ϵ
ҶƽĻͻȻоȦģһڣҶƽͻȻҪˣͷеЩѹǴҶǳˣһôߵְλЩѹˣֻϣҶƽ˰ʡܾ֮콫ʡȥĻϼҲǾһЩ
Ҷƽͷ˵£ϣҴӶǱ߸ϹҶƽһԷȻǰҲˡ
һҪذʡְǸӸ˵صƽϼˣʲôʱܻϼң
һۣҶƽ˵ʱܻȥڶǱ߼ǵģɲˣһҪʡҪҵ֧ţ뿪˰ʡҲƽһȽѡ
һ˵ƽҲУҪܻصйҵгҲɡ
ҶƽǺһЦң½ɣͷӻŹȥľ˼룬ʵ½ʲôõģһʱĻþѣҪȥΰʡίǣڶеѹܴҵΣζ˵һֳѹ˵ǲǣϼְкôҲлǻƺһЩ£㶼ϲ鰡
һҶƽͷһ룬ҲǷǳеǴϽȴԸصʡְ


1480 ûӵ绰
Ҷƽǰʤʤ˰飬ҲҪһµģʤ鲻԰һҲǷǳʺϵģȻ鲻Ҫ԰ţֻ÷һʤְʤʡ칫ۺһĴ
ά֪ҶƽҪ뿪۶ʡͷȻҲǸеȽʧ䣬ҶƽȴҪ뿪ˣͷȻǻеܡ
ΥҶƽҪָ뿪۶οΪһ͵ᣬίǺ͸ʡǶһμӣҶƽһһ𣬸лǶԼ֧֡
Ҷƽ˽Լ߹ԱҲһһٷͬǸлڵĹȻʡǺö鶼ǰŸģĸҪԳֵĿ϶
ڸ۶񣬵죬Ҷƽ۶ǰǣ鲿ȥ鲿ڼϢ졣
ʡίǴʱҲûдӰʡίΣʡίѾʼ֪Ķˣ֪뿪ʡ˭ǵλӣȴûмֻ֪ʡŽ֪ŽΪʡ鲿쵼ȻҪ̸ûʡίǣȻҪֻиŽʵ
Ž֪ϢͷȻЩȻϾʡְʡĿľǵİ࣬ȴûӣҶƽΰʡίǣͷȻǸе
ϣʡ޺÷ȴ֪Ϣ֪֮ϢΪŽ͸¶ΪŽĹϵȽϲ˲Żύ飬ô޺÷֪ˡ
޺÷һҶƽʡίǣﲻһû뵽ҶƽȻʡίǣ
ҶƽĹϵ̫ˣôҲû뵽Ҷƽصʡʡίǣеǳ˷ܣûŽǰֳΪŽûܵʡίǣͷһеˣȻͲŽǰֳ
뿪Žİ칫Һ󣬴޺÷صԼİ칫Һ󣬼æҶƽȥһ绰
ͻȻӵ޺÷ĵ绰ҶƽȻǱȽϾȣ֪ôͻȻԼ˵绰Լھǣ
޺÷֮˵ƽ˵Ҫذˣû°
һ޺÷֪飬ҶƽЦһЦϢôôͨΪû֪أ
޺÷Цǰͨʲôʱְøӽӷ磡
Ҷƽ밲Űɣҿ뿪ʮˣȻԼļ磬ǶҲǺϤˣ˴λȥҪҵĶ֧֣
޺÷Ц֧ǿ϶ģҿ϶֧㰡Ҫȥ㣬ʡ㱨һ£
ҶƽЦˣҹȥʱȻȥ˽ģ˴λϼְʵͷҲѹϾǼ磬Ѽ罨費ãҪԹҵġ
Ǻǣƽ湤ôãص磬м֧֣һɵĸõģǶɣ޺÷æЦ˵
ҶƽһҲЦУ仰ҷĶˣҲ̤ʵˣͬŬɣ
޺÷Ҷƽͨһ绰ͷǳˣҶƽ˴֮һǳϾҶƽ֮ĹϵǷǳģҶƽʡίǣȻշ
θʡˣǻͨĸʡϲȥˣϲȥԭҲˣҪԭǲϲŽĹϵֱȽУͬʱһŮͬ־ȻŮɲչˣǾͬ־
Ҷƽ˴λʡίǣʹﲻæϸߵְλʡ߾ǱȽеˣΪҶƽʡίǣ֧Ĺ
ôҶƽʡίǶ˵һ£޺÷һ룬ͻȻ뵽鳤Ҷƽͬѧģ
ҶƽǴѧͬѧʡθ鳤ڴ޺÷Ȼڴ֮ǰ޺÷ǲ֪Ҷƽ֮ͬѧϵģ񽭸֮ģ޺÷ȻǶĿ࿴
񽭵Ҷƽְ࣬Ϊʡ칫ߣԴܿȥˣȻ˴֮󣬾ǲˣڣŪһʡ鳤ʡͷȻҲǲˣҶƽʡίǣǾǲʮǧ
ҶƽշתദʡݹһֱڰʡòҶƽİˣҶƽϵĲ࣬ڴ޺÷ҶƽҪذʡһĺܿ죬·ԼʡίƵġ
æʴ޺÷ҶƽʲôʱΣ޺÷ЦЦԼҲǲ֪ӦܿΣΪҪˡ
˴޺÷Ļ񽭶ʱҶƽʡʡίԺЩ仯ҶƽὫʡίǱְ븱ʡĸλǿǾͺˡ
һʱһЩ룬޺÷˵꣬Ҳ˷ţȻҶƽϵһ£
һǼæصԼİ칫ңҶƽ绰Ҷƽʱ޺÷ͨ绰Ҳ飬޺÷˵Ҫܾ̾ˣ֪ûΣ밲ʡĹԱӴ֪˲ãΪ͵ˡ
Ǵ޺÷ΪѣȵΰʡίԺ󣬿϶Ҫ˽һЩȻǰʡ˲ûڰʡίʡְʡǲ˽ģȻ˰ʡԺ󣬿϶Ҫ˽һʡݣӦȽ˽һЩϾڰʡ
ʱ񽭴˵绰һӵ񽭵ĵ绰Ҷƽԥһ¾ǽͬѧǺϵĲˣְλϵͣԼڵ˰ʡʡίǣȥͬѧأ
Լǰɣеͬѧ϶Ϊٵˣǣǰɣ϶˵лͻһìܣʵҲʡְìܣصϼְͻ̫࣬ϵô
Ҷƽһ룬о񽭴ʱ绰һΪҪʡίְ£ڽӵ񽭵ĵ绰Ȼ񽭲ΪԼ˰ʡ֮һչʱֱԼȴǲӦˡ
ͬѧ֮ģְֻҪͬѧдһǣϵͻ⸴ӻôʱҪ䵭һ񽭣Ҫ񽭲
Ҷƽһ룬˿ֻ룬ûн񽭴һ绰û˽ͷǻǲҶƽûֻ˵ֻھˣûҶƽĵ绰ĻһعģԱûٴȥ


1481 
Ҷƽ鲿ͬ˰ʡ鲿֪ͨһϯʡȫʡ쵼ɲᣬͬʱǺİڹϵĽӣõȵ뿪֮ʡίְ֮
ʱö˿ʼ֪һ֪ҶƽʡʡίǣеĸɲǸеǳ˷ܣΪҶƽƹڶصιίǣмίιǣҶƽźܶͬ£ϻǣ֪ҶƽҪߵʡίǱǷǳ˷ˡ
񽭴ʱȴǲãΪҶƽûиص绰Ǹеƣ֪ʲôԭѵҶƽûп˵ҶƽֻŲԣ￪ʼ֪ʲô
ٸҶƽһ绰ԣȴ»û˽һ֮󣬻ǸҶƽȥһ绰һҶƽһᵹǽˣû˵仰˵æţǹҶ˵绰
ڹҶϵ绰֮еҶƽƺ䵭ˣеǳãҶƽԺ󣬱̹ȥʲôģڿҶƽ飬ȥҶƽɵĻҶƽ
񽭵ͷǲ뷨Ҷƽ˵֪صʡ֮һһЩϲͬ¹ϣͨʲô£һЩ۵С£ǲصģһЩѶȽϴô
صְʵǻܶķ飬ΪһΪص϶ΪԼʾıȡ棬ԼٲעⷽĻַ϶ԽԽ࣬ôʡίǿ϶ǻܵܶ˵Ĺ޷ܰĵڰʡְˡ
޺÷ΪʡϸߣҲʡίĸɲΧ֮ڣ˴޺÷绰ûʲôĵģΪҪ޺÷ϵֻ֧֣һʡĸ鳤ʡĸɲһԼͬѧһǰԼͬѧˣôɲôһ˵ΨףӰ쵽
ʱһҪѵͷԣҪôʶ̻ԼΨ׵ˣҲûڰʡΪٵˣһԲصˣھҵΪѡ
ЩͬѧҲܻΪ˾̻ǨҵڱҪԼ̬ȣΪκĲȡ˽ġ
绰ȻǴ뷨ҪˣΪԼͬѧʾĲȡ˽ġ
֮£Ҫ񽭣ͨõǨ뷨ϢݸˣҲΪ˽
Ҷƽֿ֮£Ȼ䵭񽭣ʵͬѧ飬ǲ뱻ͬѧܣϾʡίǣͨϰգԼҪҪָ֮ߡ
Ȼᵽⷽ˼Ҷƽֳ䵭֮ʱǾҶƽǲΪְλˣͲͬѧˣ뵱ʡ﹤ʱҶƽ湤ҶƽǱȽҪõġ
Ҷƽ鲿ͬ˰ʡ齰ʡݣרд쵼ĵط鲿ˣȻҲҪסҶƽոȻҲҪסһ
ǰһʡʽٿȫʡ쵼ɲᣬϣǺŽ˳ӴҶƽ鲿һС
ҶƽʡްϿεʱǺŽˣû뵽ھȻǽйϵĽӣǼ֮󣬱Ц֣ŽȥǱȽ֣ȻҲǱ΢ЦǿȥȴһЩǿ֪ǲΪ˴εûʡίйء
ҶƽŽҲ֣ĸһ߽ݵİ棬ǫһȻ鲿쵼ȽȥȻҶƽŽȥҶƽԼȽȥǼǰ棬ǱϾʡίǣǫðǰȥˣҶƽͷǫһŽŽʡǼεʡίǣȻҶƽǰ棬ǫһ£Ҷƽûпǰ棬˰䡣
ٳϵǫǺձ飬Ȼȥõûʲô˼һ򰡣ͨ໥ǫһֺг״̬û򣬻׵ġ
ĸ߽Ժ£λã鲿쵼λãҶƽŽߡ
ĸһԷȻЩ٣ʡί֯ϱҪͬͬʱʡίԺҲһʡί鳤ҪдҲǹͬ鲿쵼һԷ
Ȼ˾Ǻ鲿һĸɲֵһֳһôˣôһ
ΪжεʡίǣŷֵĽУ鲿ﱣ΢Ц鲿ҶǷǳĹ˵Ŀⶼڶ
Ҷƽһʱɽ¶ˮһûΣһ棬鲿쵼Աߣҿ϶鲿쵼ʾã˲εʡίˡ
ŽƺҲĬĬԱߵһ䣬ֻǺԺϱἸʡ쵼һĿתؿ鲿쵼Ǻܲ˵ģʡ꣬˵ʲôҲҪʡίһְˣȻһȴҶƽʡίǣΪʡٻеЩΡ
֪пܽʡίǣöɲ£ϱһΪ֯һΪʡί鳤ʾˣԺҲŽʡίǵĻпܽʡȻҶƽһͲٵʡˡ
ȻͷˣľΥӣŽֻܺúõصԼ󲻻ʲôеԵ֮ûеʡίǣҲԭġ
ڰǰʡһشȫ¹ʣʮˣΪʡܵǹĴ֣Ȼİȫ¹ʱ֪ôͷˣλҪ䵽ͷϣ⵱ȻӰ쵽;еԼͦùġ
ʲô¶Ҫһ˺õˣǾһǨ˲õˣôŬȻһʱ򲻵ò⿴ŵ
ãѹҲãϱԺ϶ô밡ûа취һȫ¹ʡί֮;ÿˣҲȫأϾ֣ܵΪȫ¹ʴӲԹ涨£ΪⷽȷʵûãʧְְҪ˵ĻǴ޺÷Ϊ޺÷ֹܰȫ޺÷һʡְֳ
ŽԼ֮ûܽǵְλһԭΪԼʹ˰ȫ¹ʣҪʡίһְҲǿеģϾʡĹĻǲģҲƼֻȫǣͻȻҶƽ


1482 ȫʡ쵼ɲ
ԵıȽǢϾ鲿쵼⣬극֮Ҷƽ鲿ȥϢȻȴڶȫʡ쵼ɲᡣ
޺÷֪ҶƽѾŹҶƽӵĵ绰֮󣬱Ǹûʱ䣬ʽ֮ټɡ
Ҷƽʱ޺÷棬ΪҪ׼ȫʡ쵼ɲᣬܵ˵Ӱ죬޺÷ĻҪһЩʡڵ飬֮󣬿϶ܵһЩӰ죬ŵμȫʡ쵼ɲᡣ
Ҷƽûʱ޺÷ûټ֣ȵҶƽ֮档
ڶ죬ȫʡ쵼ɲٿʡֱŸ˺͸гԼפʡ뵥λ˵ٶ˲μ˻顣
ʮ׼ʱУҶƽ鲿쵼һʡίʡãʡд棬ľ죬дУǳţڴõĺʡίʡ쵼
Ҷƽ֮϶ҪסֻʱûиסˡҶƽ鲿Ϣȵʮӵʱһϯ̨
ȵŵʮ֣ʡί鳤£Ҷƽ鲿쵼һϯ̨鲿쵼ǰ棬˶ĸɲ鲿쵼Ҫأ鲿ֻһְ˽³Խǵֹȵأڹϣ̫͹ԼȻǰ棬ߵʱߵ߱飬Ͳʶǰģ̫͹
߱СţȻ鲿ĸɲֵһֳҶƽǰ棬ǫһͬˣΪ鲿ˣҪȻҶƽߣ˼ͬҲ鲿ˣҪһء
ҶƽǽŽǼϯ̨˶μӻ顣
鲿еλãߣɲһֵľֳұߣҶƽһŽڸɲһ־ֳԱߡ
֣ɸɲһֵľֳҶƽͬ־ΰʡίίίԱίǣͬ־ٵΰʡίǡίίԱһְ
һ֮鲿ǷʾΰʡίҪͬ־ְĵӴֳݹҪ͸ɲԼʡ쵼ӽʵʣͨ̿ǡоġʡίʡ߾ΰģΧƸǿʡĿ꣬쵼ʽתӿ췢չʽת䣬ȫʡʵòԸƣĽõǿҵЭչгȶľһ̡Щɼȡãȷ쵼£ʡίʡִ᳹е·߷ߵĽȫʡ֯ɲȺڼܶĽЩɼȡãҲͬ־ǻۡѪͺˮ
ͬ־ʡίһˣڷܾҵʵΪĸĸ﷢չȶע˴ѪҪףҲͬȫʡɲȺڽĸ顣ͬ־µ쵼λԻһعİķչְ֧Ĺ
Ҷƽͬ־ϼᶨԹʹʶǿϤ;ù쵼ḻ֯쵼ǿƶȴҵġθǿŽͬ־ҪԼϸΪʡίǺʵġ
ǰڸĸ﷢չȶĹؼʱڣȷ쵼£Ҷƽͬ־Ϊ೤İʡίһʡ˴Э쵼һŽɲȺڣЭؽȡʵʵ쵼ӴµûϣƶáΡĻὨ͵Ľȡµĸĳɼ
鲿ڻҪڰʡĹ˳ֿ϶ͬʱҲҶƽһ߶ۣĻ֮󣬱Ҫ
Ǳڽ˵ҼӵľҶƽͬ־й벿ί͵ط飬μᶨɣ˼šҰḻʵţҶƽͬ־Ϊ೤ʡί£ĳɼһ죬һá
ڽЩ֮Ǳ㿪ʼ˵Ҵһһǻߡǰʱȫʡŵҽѧϰʵࡣȥ£룬ˣгжο̹Ȼĸлףĸлλ쵼ͬ־ĸлȫʡԱ͸ɲĸлʡίʡ˴ʡʡЭʡͬ£ĸлʡڸɡʡ޵ɵѣĸлפӵĹսѡףǣף
ǵⷬҷ죬ҶƽһҲǱȽˣֲûᵽȫ˴鳤ˣˮƽ
ǽ껰֮󣬾ֵҶƽˣҶƽ׼˽壬ǿʼȫӵľΰʡίǣҵΣҲȫʡɲȺڶҵΣشʹ١Ҿǿ쵼£ŽʡίӳԱȫʡɲȺڣʡίӵ춨Ļϣ㡾ְأ㹤һνһθɣһһıչ۾㽨裬־ɳǴŬѰҵһǰģȫʡ⡣
Щ֮Ҷƽֽͬ־ڰ3Žʡίһˣȫʵ߲㰲ʵʣչչ˼·̽һӿ췢չתͳһ÷չ̬Эķչ·ӣΪȫͬȫ潨С˼ʵͬ־ʾĵĸлͳߵľ⡣ϣͬ־ְ֧չذָҶƽôһҲһƬҸеǷǳصģʵԭ쵼֮һǲصĵطˣ˵ķ飬Ҳ쵼ĲҶƽʱȴǻӭٻָȻȫ˴鳤ݹʡίǵݹ
ҶƽЩ֮󣬱ֵŽˣʡҲҪ̬ʲôġ
Žڽ˵ҼӵͷľҪƽͬ־Ϊ೤ʡίǿ쵼£кӵĺ˼·չͬ־Ϊ೤ʡίŽȫʡµûץͷɣᷢչ¾档
ŽĻ࣬Ǳ˷Ӻӵ˼ҶҶƽҲǷǳأı̬㹻ˡŽ껰Ժ쵼ɲǽˣȫʡʼӭҶƽʱǵʱʽ
ѹѹȺҶƽʰϯ̨ϵռǱһǫ֮УŶϯ̨񽭴ʱϯ̨μӻ飬Ҷƽӣͷ˼Ҷƽǰʡ쵼ˣƺ䵭ˣ֪ҶƽʽԺʲôӡ


1483 칫
ȫʡ쵼ɲῪԺҶƽʽΰʡίǣʡһʡȻʵ۶ʡǵط˿ڶ࣬ȫҲžصĵλһʡʡίǣνҲضԶ
ʮ꣬Ѯ֮ʣΪһʡʡίǣ׼ķ⽮ҶƽҲǸеʵһĶ壬Ҫ֪ʡһЩҵǻ˿Ҳǲ࣬ҪǻҪ࣬һʡ쵼൱Щҵͳʲô
񲿵ʱֻһţ㲻ʲôȨڸ۶ʡҲֻһ֣쵼Ȼοɷǳ֧ĹҲ˲ٵ飬ǱϾȫԼ˼ˣֻڳʡίǣصһʡһ֣ܷſֽŵȥһЩ顣
ҶƽʡίԺİ칫棬ŴĲʱɵظ棬Ȼһʷ֮УʡίԺ֮ǰҲȻԭǿˣȴǱˡ
ʡίԺռʮĶԭܶţ˹Ϣ䱸ɭϣÿһĳʻʡίԺʱڱǾо
Ҷƽڶסһڣÿ˾׼ʱʡίԺȥڻûָרְ飬ʡί鳤ᰲʡί鳤칫ֹϰࡣ
ֵʮϣϳΪʡί鳤칫ΣɲҲǷǳɫˡִӴѧҵһֱʡί칫ڼ䵽Ǳ߹ҹְȥոΰ칫Ρ
ʵҲһбˣϣȥҵȻʵԼαһֱʡί칫칫ڷλԼ˵ӡǣһҪ쵼İţȻǰ칫ˣȻһԱҪָʾҶƽ
ʱҶƽƢǴӽӴоҶƽǸϣǵͣнϴ죬ΪŽʡίǣȴҶƽְҪСһЩ
ǿǵ⣬ֻǰŰ칫һСӹҶƽȥʡίԺϰ࣬ȴֹҶƽ
ʡίίӣǾʧˣҶƽҲ϶᲻ͬ⣬Ͼ˶ʡ쵼ӳԱҪҶƽʡίǣʡίĴܼңһС飬ֹҶƽãᣬλֹԵҶƽӣҲʧݡ
ִ˾ҶƽʵееС⣬һּ棬һǰҽܣҶƽʱŶһȻһϾǰ칫ˣԹԼҲЩⲻȥһϳ֮󣬱ǸԼ˾ȻɸСӹͿˡ
ҶƽָʾֱӦ㱨ģһ룬ȴûл㱨ͬʱҲûСӹҶƽȻԹҶƽ
Ȼ뷨ģΪһбˣȻʱıòչֻڰ칫ʡί쵼뿪ʡί칫ȥһΪʡķ⽮ҪﵽĿ꣬ҪõҶƽϿɡ
ȻպҲпҶƽӴܶ࣬ҪȸҶƽһӡ󣬶ڰ칫ֻڶ֣һᣬӦ칫ӦǸʡίԺģŻֱӸҶƽֻҶƽҪʱŻлԸҶƽ
ҪץסҶƽȻҶƽϿΪֻһ칫Ĳı˲ţһһͷԵĽ˧š
ҶƽڶȻҲûٶ˵ʲôָӡ󲢲ô˱ȽأǼ黫֮뷨ٹǿʼһʡһЩһ˽ô
һҶƽʵЩ飬̸ԣȻ쵼ǰ֣ˣҶƽЩ˵ؽʡǳϤҶƽ˲ǰһ˲һ˲š
ͬ־ҸոߣͷʡĴ߸һ£͵Ұ칫ǰʡҪ˵ˮƽȫ˵ҲֻǴεˮƽλʵΣյģһСľʡݸ׷ˣٲСһЩп䵽εˮƽԣһҪֱ׷ȡȫȽСҶƽڳƽ˵
һ˵Ҷǣǰʡ⼸ľ÷չˮƽʵЩˣ⼸ľ÷չһἷˮƽǰʡ˼뻹ţԱΣлǿ¾õʶҲҵͳлˮƽҲǱȽϵͣҸΪҪٽǰʡõڷɣҪǵΣǵ˼룬ӴҵлĹȣ¾ãȫƶǾúҵչ
ץסҶƽǰĻҶƽ˲סصͷͬʱҲƽʱһоЩ⣬Ȼڱ˵ЩȻҲΪڱڰ깤Ҷƽͷֻһ飬ûȥ⣬ʵڰʡĹҲǲϿɵġ
Ҷƽ룬˴ʡְһԼļ磬Բü縸ʧһҪӿȫʡľ÷չͬʱҲϰչĸͷչĺüһʮҸ
ҪﵽĿģҪһȷķչ˼·˰Ҫȥþ÷չ֮⣬ҲҪŰʡԼɫĶⷽȴǷǳѵģҪȥؽо
ͬ־ͷȥǣͷоңǰʡоһʮʮľ÷չ滮Ҫкǰʡʵʣͬʱ糱ҪʲôҪ󵨵ȥ룬󵨵ȥ滮һǰʡ׻ᷢչʲôӡҶƽһ룬һ
֮Ѫڣ˵Ҷǣһͷȥ֮󣬽
Ҷƽ˵ͷһڣֹһϳ˱̽һЩ⣬ֶܴӦԣԼĸ˼⡣ҶƽһǸоǷϿ뷨ˡ
ҲǸܵҶƽЩϿˣǳˣҪ֪ԭҲЩ뷨ҰЩ뷨ʱȴûκηӦžǿ̸ɣǵҶƽʮ꣬뷨϶ҲͲһس֮ˣȱ¾»ǽûʲôɫǵһֻۣúҶƽѡ


1484 Ž̬
һ֮Ҷƽʡ쵼ıʡίԺĺ棬һС¥ԺӣǰѼҰ֮ǰ˽
ɨָŪһȫµļҾߣҾ߶ˣҶƽͷЩԹⷽ氲ŵ̫ãһסȫôݳޣôһӣһЩϧˡ
ȻΪʡίǵĴܣôʡ쵼Ҳýܣʡ쵼һӶסģǲ˷ѡ
һ룬ƽѩᵽסʡ뾩ǲԶסǱȽϷ㣬ȻʱҶλھѧƽѩ£ƽѩǲԸӦҪǿǶѧ顣
һûа취ѧһǳҪ£Ȼֻһסһˡ
ס˴Ͳ˾ȥȥˣͿʡ˲ٵʱ䣬ӱİ칫¥벻һصӣȫ߹ȥǰ칫Ȼ˾׼ʱȥҪǿǵİȫ⣬һߵ칫¥ܻ᲻ȫͬ߹
ҶƽʲôΣգǰ칫ˣȫԼ·ɢʱͰ칫˵һͲشк
칫֮Ҷƽ⼸һֱҳίͬ־̸˽ǷֹܹȻҲҪһЩϣȫȫʡΪһʩ׼
һֱûŽ̸˽ʡǱߵ飬ֻ˳ʡСС£˺ᣬȥ棬иɾҹ֮󣬱˽ʡĹ
СͰʡĹ㱨һ飬Ҷƽţż¼̸һСʱʱȽϳˡ
Сȥ֮ŽǰйȥҶƽ̸СͰ㱨ˣŽ˿Сͷ˼
ҶƽרС̸˽ȴûкȻҶƽ˼ʡֻ˽ûбҪʡֻҪóʡ㱨һ¾ˣǿҶƽֻǰСйȥȴǲһ֮С
ȻҶƽոߣûγԼȨģҶƽϾʡίǣʡίȫʡȨҪΧȨµģܵҶƽĻ϶Ӱ쵽ʡȨġ
Žһ룬ԼҪһ̬ҶƽųȨȦ֮⣬ȻʡԼȨȦȴϣҶƽų⣬ȨȦܵӰ졣
ԼûܽʡίǶе󣬵Ҳ֪ڿֲֳĻһڰʡ̫ʱ䣬ĻȻʧȥΣˣʱҪСһЩҪάֺҶƽ֮Ĺϵ
ŽĿǵģȻһʵԲǴӳ޷ڲҶƽάֺùϵ±ڵ״̬ôҶƽõĹϵ
ȻҶƽƺ쵽ĵĲ֮й֮ӣֻˡ
Žһ绰ԼҪȥʡίԺҶǣҶûʱ䡣
ͻȻӵŽĵ绰е֣ΪŽҪʡίǵĻһ˵绰Ǹʡίǵ绰ͿˣֱӴ绰λûйء
Ҷƽڻûаרְ飬ͻȻӵ绰֮󣬱ԼҶƽİ칫ңһҶƽڲڡ
Ҷƽİ칫֮ῴҶƽʡίίίھ̸һۣûдҶƽ˳Žȥһ绰Ҷƽ̸һˣٸ绰ȥ
ŽŶһѵ绰ˣһ룬Ž绰ҪҶƽʲôҪҶƽȻĻֱӺ绰
˵ҶƽпˣŽȴûио̫ҲЩе֣Žûʲô£ֻҶƽһ棿
ʱҶƽھһھ˽ʡеΪʡУȫĸʡ֮һΪʡУĵλȴǲôȫʮʡеУʵڶҶƽúܲˡ
ʡΪȫʡľģôԴͱΪʲôչҶƽԴ˺ܲˣչһֻ˽ʱʲô̬ھ㱨ʱҲûʲôչİ취ֻǰһ˳
ھĻ㱨ҶƽƽţھʡеίǣƺϸھӡǱȽؾɣҪ뷢չʡУҪְһ¡
һʡίίְȻ˵ģҪ㱨
ھҶƽ㱨깤ԺˣȵԺ߹㱨ŽҪ飬ŽԼҶƽһ룬ᣬпգĻɡ
ȥŽ飬Ž˵̴ʡԺǱ߸˹Ҷƽİ칫ҡ
һŽҶƽվӭЦ˵ͬ־أ
Ҷƽһ£ŽЦЦȻҶƽ칫һҵɳϣЦ˵СʡʡĹ㱨˰ɣٹƽһ¡
ҶƽЦʲôҪ绰ˣβͼݽͬ־ԹҸոչû˵һʡĹֱӹˣÿԽһ¡
ŽҲ˼ǻûкúýһʡĹʡίӣʡĹǲøɰҽƽʾһ¡
Ž˵ôҶƽһ룬һͷŽ󣬴ʸϣԼԼ治úʲôŵ̬ԼȻһ飬˭Ҳ뷢ʲôìܣֻҪŽһ£ͺÿչˡ
ȻŽ޷һ£¹޷չ϶ǲ̳ģʡίǣҪȫʡĴ֣Բܳʲôʧص飬ʡҪȷ顣
ŽҶƽ˰죬⣬ʡǱߵĹصҶƽһ£ȡҶƽʡ֧֣źʡ󵨵ؿչͬʱҲһЩ˶ڴڹ״̬һַǳεĵλ
Ž㱨Ҷƽϸһ£ǸоʡĹҲǲ⣬θڣֻʱñ̬һҪȶ棬еĻ취ȫʡĹá


1485 
ҶƽŽ̸˰СʱʡίǺʡڰ칫̸˵ȻǱȽС´ǡ
ҶƽŽ֮˾ָҶƽŽͳſڣ԰Žͳ칫¥ȥŽЦЦҶƽٴ֣˻˻ֵ
ҶƽԴŽǳĿͬʱŽҲǾֳҶƽǳѺõӣ˵ǸоЩŤŽھһҶƽᣬ죬Ĵ󣬹ЧʸߣȻ˶Űѹϵãǲͬ۽Ұ͹磬в֮ͬпӰ쵽֮ĺ
ҶƽŽʡίԺ֪飬ῴŽҶƽΪǸеҶƽƾҶƽα͹϶кö˶뷨Ҷƽ£
Ҷƽĸλ϶ĳɼģʡҳΪһ֣϶ڰʡطµµΪģһ뷨ĳɼ
˸ҶƽĽ࣬¾ͲʲôùӳԣҪôһ룬ͻȻһ⣬ҶƽֵĽӴԽԽ࣬ʲô飬Ҷƽϲֹǽʡί鳤ȻΪʡί鳤ΪҶƽһ˷ҪܵʡίԺҶƽʡίǣֻҪץסҪìܣܰѹɺˣ񲻺ҶƽǱûץסҪìܣɹˡ
ˣҪҪΪҶƽȻҶƽϵԽԽ࣬еЩ֣ȻϵҲǲеЩɡ
ῼǵΪҶƽڻûרְԭЩҶƽŰȥһҪҶƽɫһ顣
ʡί칫߰ˣ߰˰ֻҶƽϵģѡΪԼרְ飬ʵҪѡĻۺϴѡȻҲ鴦ѡģΪҶƽҪľһ
鴦Ȼ鴦ǲҪ쵼򽻵鴦ĹǵһЩĵշ鰲ŵһЩΧԵĹ˵Ĺۺϴңۺϴǰ칫İ칫ңרŸʡ쵼ġ
ۺϴΪüңӦҶƽۺϴңۺһ൱Ҷƽİ칫Σֻ칫ֻǰһЩС£Ǵ¾ҪֻЭֻܳۺһĴΪС칫ҵΡ
ǰ칫Σרְ൱칫еİ칫ΣרְרŸģҶƽҶƽʲô鶼Ը˵еȥ̫࣬𲻸ߣúҪ
ҶƽҪһ̫࣬ھ취ɫһˡҶƽʵҲҪһˣ֮ûмɫ飬ֻΪۺһĴƽʱʱǸۺһĴֵĹϵģ־ǰʱҶƽ񣬱ϾҶƽڲסˣٸҶƽˡ
ȻۺһĴģÿҪдٵĲϣȻʺҶƽܣĻûȥдˣҲûҶƽҪȥһЩˡ
Ǳ밲ŵģɫ飬ҶƽûзԣѡһģͷԵֻŸһֻԺ顣
һҶƽҪܸߣǸеΪѣʡί칫ȱ˲ţҪһ߱׼˲ȴô׵¡
ҶƽƼѡѡЩϵˣұרŸкҪҶƽƼ
ʡί칫ôˣƽʱмʡίǽӴģˣҶҶƽ߹ܵҶƽ߹Ǿһˣ˭ֹͨϵҶƽߵ顣
Ȼ뵣ʡίǵҪˢӲУûˢӵĻʹʡίǵ飬ҲᱻҪһĹײУȻͬʱҪһĹϵȻҲᾭɸѡʡίǵķۡ
ϵ鳤칫εһɫȻҶƽԼҲֱѡ飬ԼĿѡĻ
ṩѡǱҶƽҶƽһһۺĸԱһһԱ䶼ʮϣоҵ
ѧǲҶƽһ룬ǰй̸һ̸һ˵ˮƽΡ
ңǾһˮƽ鲻ңҶƽҪĲ飬һΪṩһЩ飬Ҫ˵ˮƽ
˵֪ҶƽҪǣŵҪȻ˵ǳʡί칫һЩҵǷǳϤˣֱӸҶƽ飬Ӧûʲô⣬ҶƽȴҪǣȻǸеܽš
Ͼ˻оģҶƽ϶ֻҪһˣھͿαˡҶƽ칫ҵʱӡ
Ҷƽ˿ǣȻһһǽ̸ҶƽһЩϵ£һȫʡ˽⡣
˻ش£˵ƽʱûȥעЩȱȫʡĴֹۣҪŵ飬ҪдֹۣôģҲҪô룬ڿǻﲻԼҪ
Ҷƽ̸껰֮û˵УҲû˵УֻǻȥˣҲûа˵ҪһҶƽٵһȣ뷨ɫһ
صϼҰҶƽȻŲٵĹʾɣһĵڶ죬޺÷ԼһԷʱʱ̫󷽱㣬ûдӦ
ڴ޺÷ԼһԷǵòʡ̨γ̨Ҳ档
һ޺÷֣Ҷƽ㵱ǲɷùŮߣȥǣѾʡ̨̨ˣҲɲˡ
룬ҶƽǴӦ˽㣬ϵʱ򣬱޺÷ԼĵصԷǷҲˡ
񽭱Ǻܹ˵ҶǣҺʹʡһġ
ſڳƺΪҶǣҶƽֵ񽭣ôҶˣƽʱûüϵûҰɣ
Ҷƽ񽭲зǷ֮ˣǾò̫䵭ͬѧȻȥˣ˱񽭽Ե÷ǳܣҪ䵭һ񽭡
ڱҪƺȣͬѧ˽黵Ĵ£ȫʡǣһ˵ǣƲȣղִ磬ôûڰʡʡίˣҲۿۡ
ҶƽĻ񽭱ֺ֮ǰҶƽܲˣ޺÷ЩԸڿҶƽġ


1486 ϵĻ
Ҷƽ޺÷ͽ񽭼һԷˣԳ񽭷Щ⣬ʹ޺÷˶ûʲô֮ԻȫҶƽ֮ǰ䵭Ľ
֮ǰҶƽ֮ĸȥίǻгǼʡǱߵŸ鳤ɫȻһоҶƽȽ䵭ͷȻͻеЩ
ҶƽڳԷʱˣû̫ţһȶ࣬ǰһƬҶƽڣʹҶƽ䵭Ҳ߿һۣΪҶƽͬѧֻҪͬѧֵĳƺ˵˾ͻṧġ
һϣžԵţҶƽȫʡϴ󣬶ϴľɽ˭ҲӰ
⻰˵ЩףǾô£񽭵ľƱǺȶȥŽȥȾơʵʱ񽭻׷㣬ʡ칫Ȼ˸̨ܵŮǣŮг÷ǳƯģȻǽӴӴ
ǳ÷ǳƯģһǽܣ񽭼֮ǰһνûпԵûгɹ񽭵ʵǺźġ
ڽȻ٣ȥȻǷ̴棬Ե÷ǳᣬͷȻһȻһ
ʱȻȥ뵱£ֻǰ񽭵һͨѣ˾˵һỰҶƽ޺÷˵
޺÷ԼҶƽҰѽеһʵһҶƽƼһѡ
ĵܵܽʡ繤ıȻǳãҲǱȽǿֱڲŲһԱ֮ԻһֱϲȥԭĵǱĸ糤糤Դ֮󴦴Ȼڣȴ޴ãֻܰһԱ
ʱѾʮˣ䣬ö˶ѾǴ쵼ˣһ쵼ְ˵Ҳǹã糤Ȼֵʡίʡ糤
һֱӾǸеΪ糤ȫһˣҪ֪ǵʡίˣڱڲû˸Һˡ
ˣ϶ְľģ׼뿪ȥӦƸȥȻΪʡ̨̨ˣɲȴǰﲻæΪ糤Ҳ׷ͬûóѣͷǼˣϵ£ܿйأŪýڱͷڡ
ܵڱò㶯ϵʡ̨뷨Ȼϲϲ̨ϲñʸӣȻżһЩӻҪִʣûһ㱾£Ҳȥ
һֱȥϹҲڱججȥˣǱ糤뿪磬뿪ϵͳ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ҶƽͻȻʡְȻϲ֪Ҷƽĵı켣Ϊ֪ҶƽʶҲ֪Ҷƽ߻ѡµ飬֪ܵҶƽͶĳΪ顣
Ҷƽ֮һʼûȥ飬ǺһԷʱ˵Ҷƽѡ飬֮ͻȻһⲻһûԼĵܵܵʡίǵ飬ܵܵǿɾǴΪĹˣٴʡѻˣ
һ룬ǲõܵȥҶƽ뷨Ȼ־òֱҶƽڣȻҶƽʶǽ鲢ֱҶƽĻ²󷽱㣬Ҳһܳɹ뵽˴޺÷޺÷Ľ鵹ǲڴ޺÷ίʱȥвɷô޺÷˽˱ȽеĹϵȻļûд޺÷ߣ˶Ůͬ־Ϊʡ̨ˣЩҲ֪Ľ磬ڴ޺÷˵ҲһֵýĶ
ˣ޺÷һ޺÷̾Ϳһ飬ҶƽƼɹ϶ĹϵȽУҶƽһЩͻ֪ôͻʡ쵼͹ԳȻҶƽԭĹϵǳãЩҶƽҲһһҶƽߣܰǲǺܺ
޺÷һ룬ǲҶƽƼ뷨Ϊ˱ϼ档Ϊʡһ֦ʣ޺÷Ҳ֪֮ǰû棬˱רżһ
һ棬޺÷ϳõǷΣúۣܸҶƽ飬ǲҶƽǸʡίǵ飬ؼǶûлȻǱһ֦ʣôȴǲ֪ġ
޺÷һ룬˼⿼ýȹһزУȻûҶƽƼʹƼˣҶƽҲС
֪޺÷ҶƽƼ飬ͷ̸еһǧѷĻᣬɹˣͿ뱨ຣҹؼǣԺ糤Ʋ
ϵǳļҲǳܵҶƽ飬˵֮󣬱źú׼һ£ô޺÷Ŀ࿴
޺÷⣬йξ÷֪ʶΪ֪Ҷƽ飬϶ҪвŻģܶԴģҶƽ϶ǿϡ
ϻش٩٩̸ô޺÷֮еǳãò޺÷ԸⲻԸȥ쵼顣ϻشԸ⣬쵼ѧٵĶ
޺÷֮Ҫ䣬ΪֻԸ쵼˲ܵ飬еȻвŻǲԸ쵼飬ź˵£е˾͸ɲź˵¡
ڿϴӦԸ쵼飬޺÷ǵ˵ͷͨһˡ
ͷ޺÷žҶƽƼϡʱ޺÷ǺҶƽ˽ҶƽѡûС
ҶƽһЦʵʲôõ˲Ƽ
޺÷һЦ˵һ˲ţ֪ǲ⡣
ҶƽЦʲô˲ţ˵ʣҡ
޺÷ǿѽϸ˳ǲûи߽ϾǽĵܵܣŵȵҶƽܿнٸ¡
޺÷ǱˣҶƽһ룬ļ߼ʶ㣬ıʺܺã飬ǲǰûùļ飬ǲҪһ£
ԸⲻԸ⵽ʡίҶƽһ룬ͻȻ޺÷ʵ
һҶƽʣ޺÷˵רˣһ˵˵ĲأǸûãϿɲУ㲻ԵĻһ¡


1487 Ѽ
޺÷ҶƽרƼ˽ϣҶƽȥԺһ飬Ƽѡ⣬Ҳһʱûиʵڵ飬һΪ鲢ѣֻҪԸ⣬ҵһѣҪһ־ȤͶܸṩһЩֵ֧ȴǲҡ
Ȼ˵ʡίҲţʲôѯȴŲһϾԼһʲôʱغȻһĽ飬ǿԼ˼һЩȷľߡ
ˣھһλⷽõ飬ڴ֮ǰ黹ûдﵽҪ󣬷ѾˣȻߵλá
Ҷƽһ룬Ҫһϣһϵʲôھ֮ǰаְѽϵѼһ£һдЩ£ʲô⣬뷨ǲ֮ͨ
ֽӵͷЩƣ֪ҶƽΪʲôҪ˽ˣڽϣҲ˽һЩ֪ʡĴʸӣʡί칫Ҫʡûˣ˵Ǳ糤ԵʣǱȽ˽ģ˵ǰţԸñʧ˲ţʵȴǲԸýһ쵽ʡί칫
ʱֻʡί칫ۺһĴʱ˽ϣͷк󣬷治ͬ⣬ǿнϵϾ׷ǹʣʱֻҪһʸӹæȻ治Ը⣬Ǿˡ
飬ϵʱ֪Ҳûкͽ˵£ҶƽͻȻϵ飬ʲô˼
һ룬ͻȻ뵽Ҷƽڻȱ£ҶƽѡһֱûжҶƽ᲻Ҫѽϵأ
뷨ָ֮оҶƽܿ˼ĻҪϼһ棬˽һϵҶƽ֮ҲҪϴùϵĹ
һ룬ѼйؽϵĲϣûٰ鰲ŸˣΪҶƽ֮԰鰲ŸΪҶƽ֪ĻҶƽȫ԰齻ۺһĴ
ǰѲѼãȻϰнϵʶ˵ɶǲӣʡί칫ĲӣǱĲӣϣֻȽϴ꣬ȫͬˣŽڱֽϷ£ǷǳȻϵ̫磬Ҳϧ֮С
뵽־Ǹϴһ绰ұԼͻȻӵĵ绰ͷһȻæ˵鳤á
־ЦЦûпգпյĻԼһԷһȻҪԼԼԷȻǸеǳԾҪ֪ڿʡί鳤칫ΣʡҪȻڴ֮ǰֶųǴӣӱǾǲԶˡ
ֲܿ쵱ۺһĴҽʡί칫ΣȻʡί鳤ʡί칫Σı˭죬ȻڲʲôһԱƨٶǡ
ͻȻ绰һ϶ԭģΪ޺÷ƼҶƽ£ֻʲô˵׼Ҳûʲô˵ģǸʲôҲ˵ʱʡί칫һЩӣҪæġ
Ͼǿһ£ʲô¾ܷԸһᰴ쵼ҪȥáȻȴǸûʲôر£ֻһԳԷ͹⡣
һһֻôӦˣϵʱ򣬽ϱԼõľƵ꣬һ󣬿ֻһˣ뵥һԳԷġ
һ־һģڵʲôҪֻҪܰæ쵽ģһᾡæ
ϱæʾлԼʾл־Ц˵ΣһвŻˣǽᷢģģ
һæֵ鳤ЦҰɣЩǺСӵģҶ֮꣬ȥʲô鳤רҳԷҾǸеܲˣ飬붼롣
˵ʵ뿴һϵķӦ֪ҶƽΪʲôѼϵĲϣܽҶƽѼϲϵ¸ҶƽһҶƽѼϲϣҪýϵأй¶쵼Ļܡ
ڿƺãȻֵ֪ﵹûеˣ֪Ҷƽǲ˼ˣΪҶƽҪýϵĻӦ֪
ϱ߳Աģȫûʡί鳤칫εļӣһҪҶƽʶпܳΪҶƽĻҪѽϸ
ϳԹԺ־ȥѼõĲҶƽ㱨ֻŴ޺÷Ƽ£ܲܳɹȫûףΪѾСˣΪҶƽרְ飬һʮһȽϺã˵󲻴˵СҲСһ飬ְڴϣʮΪʡίǵ飬ǸоЩˣˣܴܲҶƽķۣ˳ΪҶƽ飬ʹŴ޺÷Ƽδؾܳɹ
ְѲϽҶƽҶƽõϺ濴һҲû˵ʲôֿҶƽʲôر˼תȥˡ
ŲϣҶƽǶԽһ˽⣬ྩѧҵֶξõ˶ʿʿһں۾÷չڱ־һЩоԼ۾ЩϹˣһǳвŻ˰ôһֱڱòãⲻ˲˷
ʹרְ飬ҲЩ˸е˷ˣ˲ȫԷڸҪĸλȥӶɳΪҪĸɲ
һ£ҶƽҪһϣһ뷨ԸԼߵĻԼһʱ䣬ԸĻԽоңйְгʲôģȻڵְֻֻҪİ壬ȫԵȥְȥ
ϣҶƽǸִһ绰֪ͨϵʡίһˣҪһˡ
һҶƽҪ󣬱֪ϿҪˣҪֻ֪һԱȴҶƽټԲͬѰȫʡжҶƽˣ˵һЩǣҪҶƽҲô׵¡
ϽӵҶƽ绰һ룬ϸϴ绰ʱ糤İ칫棬أվҧгݣȻڻʡίǵ飬Իֻʱš


1488 ̸
ͻȻӵִĵ绰̽ӵģǲϷһԼѵǴ˵ǲûֻϣ
ϰֻһ˵绰ȳȥһ¡
ʲôӵ绰ҽٽӡ˵
Ͽ˿ֻ˵ʡί칫鳤ĵ绰Ҫǲӣðɣ
һʱ÷һ۾ϣ˵鳤𣿡
ϵ˵ͷû
оԼ˴һ£ɫܲÿȴûýϽӵ绰˵һعȥ
治ԸڽǰԵ̫ǸˣȻʡί鳤칫ΣʡίҼ糤Ҳ߸ɣֲҪ˵ֻǲʡίĲŹӴʡ쵼ﲻ𣬵ڽǰʧݡ
ֻ£ָо֣֪Ϊʲôûнӵ绰һ룬ִһΣ²ǲû
Ҫ˵ϵֻˣһʵ˭ģ
ϵ鳤
һͷһ£СʲôʱֵĹϵôˣͷͣҲֹλˣСºǰ˵
룬˵ϳȥӣٻ
߳İ칫ȥֵĵ绰֮󣬱ǻص칫˵糤ҵóȥһ¡
Ҫȥʲôص
ϵʡίҶңϹȥһ£㿴ǲҪҹȥҹȥҺ鳤˵һ˵糤£ܹȥ
ڷǰһɫȫˣû뵽ȻʡίҪ쵼ҪСǲҪ߹ʺˣԼǰˣԣ
һʱţһ˵Ҷ㣬㻹ʲôץȥұ棡
ýץȥϿ˿˵ץȥôȥҲûгҰ
һо¹ѹˣ޺޵ص㻹ñɳ㣿
ϵû˼ԼȥҲС
˵֮󣬱˳ȥһӷӣѷҪ޿κˡ
ϴʡίԺȥ֣ȻֵĴҶƽİ칫ҡ
һ̤Ҷƽİ칫ʱķɿһ£֪̤֮˻ᷢʲôı仯ȻŴ޺÷Ƽջ᲻ԸԳ⻹ҪҶƽ˵ϿɲС
Ҷƽ˽´һоһ˵ϢϢоŨ񣬻ϵŨϢ޷ڹٳϳ۳ҡ
Ҷƽһ룬߽󣬱һָͬ־ɣ
ʡί˿ϸеͷһȣȻȥҶƽǳϣǴʱҶƽȴƺһֳ˵Ͱף˾С
ϱ鿴ҶƽҶƽûи߸ϵ̸ԡ
ͬ־Ĵҿдĺܺụ́ȫԳΪһѧ߰Ҷƽ󣬱ϺܺͰ˵
һ˵ҶǣȻдĺãǸĺã̸ֽûʲô˼ģôһֱûʵĻᣬͷź
ĻҶƽ÷ʡҽȻѼһ²ϣһϸ˽⣬оǳвŻôһвŻˣԸ⵽鹤𣿡
Ҷƽ˻һ˵ϸеظӷɿˣ벻ҶƽôضԴ£ȻѼĲϣӦûѼĲϣĻһ˵ġ
Ҷǣлҵİʡһ˵£ҲԥģԥΪҲԸ鹤ǵĸɲãϾ߹ҪǷǳߵģã˴ʡֺ֧ĺ񰮣ĵġСĵشŴʣҶƽ˵
ϵĻҶƽͷ˵㲻ҪģֻҪԸȥĵȥѧϰᣬŲʲô̫⣬һ㣬ҵҲһ죬һҪǫҵĲı֣֮ǰ칫Ƽѡûͬ⣬ǵҿǺܺʵģǵĺòãҪԼı֣𣿡
̵ͷҶǣˣԸҵĻҲֻǴڽ׶ΣܴﵽҪһҪر繤ġ
Ҷƽһ΢΢һЦҪʧ
Ҷƽһ̼صҶǣһȫԸȥŬġ
Ҷƽһεͷ˵ȥ鳤ȥҪܣȥ
Ҷƽ˵ֽ꣬йŽȥϸîʽڰ칫ˣھְʱҪţһҲҪ
Ҷƽ⻰̴ŽȥᣬϴʱޱȼǾƽϢԼ飬ֺİ칫ҡ
ϹҪҶƽ飬᲻Ǻú˽һ£в²ôһ£ҶƽôѽҹأһǲͨѵҶƽ֮ǰʶ
ǿ˿ϣһһЩͥڱһСģ֮ǰҶʶ𣿡
˵֮ǰʶҶǣ鳤
һһۣǲ˵ѣʡίͷ˶и˵Ĺϵһǲ͸¶˵ģźأ˵ʶҶƽͨ˭Ҷƽģ
ҶǶҪܸߣû˼׼ãǿһ
һ˵ղҶҲҽˣȫԸΪɲãٻرˡ
һһ壬ЩѱԺ鳤᲻ܲ
ҪɲõĻȻˣȡ糤֪²˵
ϵ糤֪£֪Ҷҵ£һûи£֪᲻ͬҵʡί
ǿﲻǺһʡίҪøˣ˭Ҳͬ⣿㲻õ£ͷԺ¡
һ˵ͷǷˣʹ᲻ͷͷһ˵ѵҲͬ𣿶ԼҪΪҶƽ飬ҲǻһɣֻҪԼҶƽվ˽ŸٶԼ
һ룬Ǹеǰ;һƬʮˣӭһǧѷĻᡣ


1489 ϵĿ
ҶƽڶԼ飬ȻϢأǶξ÷оıȽ͸ȫȫΪԼ񣬵ԼõһЩ
뷨ҶƽûаѽֻǿһͨĶ˲赹ˮ飬ǰԼĻţʲô뷨ĵûһ¡
ϷǳϧһѵõĻᣬеԼˣȻĹ̲ףˡ
صԺͬһֳͬѰ׷ǰʲôʱʡίǱΣԺҪˣʡίǱ߱ǹһ¡
ЩյͬԼǰάϵӣһܵ˼㣬һǸеЩΪûеõλ֮ǰЩͬƽʱɲô飬ûٱŵʹӣֻƽϣûǷʲôìܡһҪʡίҪҶƽˣһ׽ˡ
Ͼĺܣֻţȫû־ӣʾԼֻʱȫȥܸܲʡ쵼黹һء
һǫ飬Ҿǲˣ˵糤ˣĻдأǲǷ˲Щֽ˰
һæ˵ҳϣ˵Ŀɶ滰ǲģҿûа취
µʱ򣬷ͻȻڰ칫ҵ棬һͰ˵ϣҰ칫һ¡
һ棬ʱ˵ˣΪڱͷǷǳϵģǽıƺôģϻصһ棬һȻǺͬǴк˼糤ңȹȥˡ
ڷǰһʱ֮Ե÷ǳţڴ֮ǰĻϲŵ˵ֻܹԹԵһ仰Ҳ˵ظŷ棬İ칫ҡ
ڣϺŵغʹҴкԺ˳ȥ濴߹ûתߣں棬ǵȵߵǰ΢ЦԼİ칫ȥ
ϣ鳤绰ˣ뿪ҵİ칫Һ󣬿İ칫ǰЦŶԽϵ
󣬱ǵ˵糤鳤ʲôˣ
Լ칫ҵţѽ˽ȥڴ֮ǰԲִܻģҲֱӾ˽ȥ
һأýȻһЦ鳤ңʡίҪ㣬һǺܸˣʡίҪ㣬ԺɾʡίˣǱȥ˲Ű
⻰ϱ֪ԲԣһʡίҪȻͬ⣬ûȥʡίһҶƽҪΪ飬Ʒ滹᲻ͬ⣬ֻҪ治ͬ⣬ʡί칫ҲǿҪ
ڷֻ˵ʡίҪ϶ûаʵȫ˵һǰҶƽҪҲˣôܶôãԷڵĵλδػʡί칫ͨɲ
л糤ҵ࣬ô꣬û糤΢ĹػҲн죬糤лл㰡Ϲһֿŵ˵ȻںϷôҲϷ
һЦЦϣƽʱػ㲻㲻ҪʲôһֱǿģڰͷˣҶ߹ѧٵĶʱӭٻ
仰ͷǰһ£֪ҪҶƽˣĻϺ겻ܶôõģٻĻ󵱲糤ǲġ
糤ҿҲѧ˲ٵĶԺ糤ָϹǫضԷ˵
æЦŵ㵽Ҷ߹ԺǱ쵼ˣԺʲô¶ǱָǱȥˣԺǱҪеԺˣ
糤ûʽҹȥأ⼸컹ҪӹҪûб£ȳȥˣеЩŻ̫ϷˣԼҪȴǶԼ⣬չ˵ӵ⣬벻
ãȥɣڻƼңǴΪ͸Уվ֣Ȼְѽͳȥ
˶ԴýԼҪΪҶƽĺΪʡίһǱ糤ʡͷλҲǲˣȻһʡίǵǰȴ˹ɼʡίж
Ȼ濴ĲְλְλĶûʡίôڣҲһСѣôܻ߿һۣ
֪Ͳ̫ԼжôţƣҶƽҪǫղڷǰֻϷŻ˵һЩߵĻȻȴǲΪ⣬ɼôϷ
죬ĹϣʽҶƽİ칫ϰ࣬ʼΪʡίְҵġ
ҶƽǳŬȫϿˣȻϵʽӱǱߵ˹飬ϵʡί칫һ
ȻԭһǺȴǲͬնˣԴӵʡί飬ϵԽԽˡ
ҶƽҲԽԽΣһ˶С˶ϸ߸ɣǸʡ߸ɣܿһС飬Ȼ˲õ顣
ҶƽԼԺ󣬶ڰ칫ԱҲûнеҶƽҪһֵ֣ĲŻҲһֱΰ칫ǾЩ˷˲ˡ
ûĻֱʡί鳤ȽѣҲ˵취ʵְҵ컨ˡ
ͷ飬ҶƽĵĻھίҪģȻھʡίίҲ˵ǲǸҪҲô׵¡
гҲˣ¾пܵ˴Эȥ˻Ҫһгг˭ҲҪȥǡ
֮⣬еҲҪ˽һ£һûдģʡίǣҪպô⣬ҪľץøɲˣѸкʡֱŸ˵Աã䱸ãһΣôһˣǻӰһƬ
Ҷƽ뵽Щʱ򣬵׼ĵȥһȻ뷨ʱͻȻҪݷ绰ǽϽӵģֱӴʡίǰ칫棬Ͻ֮Ƕ˵Ҷǣ绰иԳѣ˵㣡
һԼҶƽһ£ѣصʡǲٵģֱԳѣ˭أ


1490 ȥ
Ҷƽӹ绰һӣ֪ףӴһ쵼æ쵼ã
ףӴЦƽҺ˳뵽ʡȥ㣬ûпհ
ҶƽһЦ쵼ҪҰǱ𼱣ȥǰɣǿòã
ףӴһ˵ǺðǾڼˣ
ҶƽЦǾڼŰɣһȥǡ
ҶƽףӴ˵һĻǰѵ绰ˣףӴϵĶʦûףӴ;ǲ˳ģˣһӵףӴ磬ҶƽȻǱȽӵģֻԼҪȥйǹͲˣԼֱӵȥףӴ
һ룬ҶƽǰԼйĵһվУϼңڻصȿһ֮󣬼緢չôˡ
ίǺгֱƽ֣ƽϴˣ쵽ʮˣͻεؼίȷʵԵЩˣڱȽᣬʮϣ꣬һܽǵĻôǰ;ǳʡ
Ҷƽ֮ǰȻҪ˽һ˵֮ǰʶƽ֮ǰٴегеείǣʡʡίǣȻг
һǴӻˣһǿս֪һϵôҶƽһ⣬ǿʼ׼ȥей
һûѡ΢˽ãʡί칫֪ͨȻʮһǰУʡʡ̨˶˹ˣԱε
˶ͬһУȻоҵͬ־Ҳ棬ûаʡֱŸ˺һȥΪȥҪ˽ָҲרУԲҪְܲŵ쵼档
ֳ˼γҶƽмĽγϣͬʱһʡĳΪǰǰ濪·ʡͬ־ҶƽΪʡίǣȻҲһİȻҶƽҪʲôǳڰȫʡҪⷽĹ
ڳϣҶƽйӣһζʮȥˣʱ죬һСԱɳΪʡίǣ֮ı仯̫ˣ»صǶôĸӰ
Ϊ໹磬ǵģڻȥе½˼Ϊʡίˣһʡ쵼ߣ˭ɫ£˭ϵõշ
Ȼ˻еڸĵطڸ˽ȥһЩ飬Ȼڱ۷׷ףһʡίǵľͲɹʡίǣǾǶһΣȥΣ
Ҷƽһ룬һ£صֻ֮ȥһףӴ˳ˣͲҪȥؼЩͬ־ˣȻ̫ˣĸĸãȻһۣ뵽˲ܴ󸻡
ܴ󸻿ڲ繤ʱε糤֪ôˣʮ˰ɣˣҪҪһ
Ȼ˵ܴ󸻵ӡ󲻴ãǱϾԼҲչأȻԪԪԼ֮仹йأҲϻˣ骣Ӧڶ湤Щ˶ϻư
һ룬ǶԼϻƣҶƽеҲǣҲãǸеͦΪѵģλǵйһһ棿
ӺܿУƽһ𵽸·ӭӣҶƽǣû³Ǵ쳵ʻȥ
ڳҶƽһΧĹеĽȻȥнܾطûзչãҲڸ۶ǱߴԾ÷չҪǳߣ㲻ϷҲչ̶ֳȾǲˡ
ӴҶƽ˽ͨƣΪӷǳ٣ûжٹĳһӣüͷϣʲôͨƣҲûбҪ㽻ͨƣƵĿ޷Ǿóͨ˳һЩбҪ𣿸ûбҪͨͨ⣬ֻҪҪɧŵȺھͿˡ
һ룬ǶԽϵϣ鳤гͨƣҪôϰܵӰ졣
һôһԽ˵Ȼ֪˵ĸ鳤Ϊ˶һ룬ǾӦᣬΪʡίίεйܵߣ湤ŵģֻܴ֡
һ룬ϱǸһ绰ҶƽһҶƽһ룬ûȥһҶƽΪеҶƽĻɣȥʣ϶ҶƽĶӣǰҶƽķԸɡ
绰Ժ󣬱̸ƽ绰⣬˭Ǹ㽻ͨƵģҶǷˣ̳ͨƣ
ƽһæ˵鳤ҲǽͨƣֻΪͨбýάһûʲôİɣ
⣬˵ҶǶǸ㽻ͨˣʲôץȻҶǷˣҿɲܡ
浱ɴˣǲ֪ҶƽƢԣƽæ˵Ǻðɣǳ
ƽæһ£ŽԱָ·ͨУҪվ·άˡ
ƽְ֮󣬱ǸеҶƽʡίǲһȻ磬Ȼô
ʵŽͨֵ⣬Ϊʡ칫ϰڴ쵼ĽǶ˼⣬һҪѧ쵼źãƽˣνˣҪȥȥŶͽ쵼
ҶƽһóͨƣֱǸеЩƣƽ˼·ͬʵڹжƽвץȡ֮
ŰҶƽչ˺ãû뵽ȴùͷҶƽƽ˵Ĺ۸һ¾Ͳˡ
һ뵽ˣͷȻǷǳˣƽڽĵ绰󣬲ҪԹ䣬֮󲻸Ҷ˵ʲôֻΪƨĵˡ
ͨƺҶƽΧľʧûٽʲôҪһأʽٳ֣ʡУԲʲôͨƣѽֵһȾЩǱʵЩˣΪʲô
Ȼе쵼ϲʽ壬ϲ˲ȡʽӭǣν±˳֮Ҳȫͬ־
Ȼھ¹أԺйĻǾͲˣʡίǶôʡ쵼ô𣿻˼ȥ


1491 ʽ
ҶƽĽԺŲȥƽ飬ȻƱƱƸո˽õһǼݣֻһǼƣרŽӴϼ쵼;ٰͻá
ҶƽƱǰϼæȥȻƽֶ˱Сĳǰӭӡ
Ҷƽ߳Сγƽ֣ȻȥöıݷԱжվӭ
ƽֶŪ÷ǳųüͷһ壬ûнʲôŴҵ棬ƽֶˣȥԺһҪƶһʡίʡԼеĽӴ涨һдӼ򣬲ҪôӺʦڵģƺô㣬ͺԲס쵼Ƶġ
ƽǰ·ȻҶƽ˵˵ȻҶƽȴһԲû˵ף²ǲΪͨƵҶƽˣҶƽǣҶƽϼҰԴϼ˲Ӧ⸱̬Ȱɡ
רŸҶƽŵĵطҶƽһ߽ȥǷǳݻƱͷΪݻķˣ̻Ի͵ģӦƱͳ׷ˡ
Ȼеͳ׷ǲһЩڰʡҲӦǷǳˣʡҲˡ
һ뵽ԼΪʡίһ棬סͳ׷֪һвõĹ۸УȻҲҽʲôЧԼʡίǴųܣĹԱ϶ҲὲųܣǱȻһ飬һֱעЩСϸڣԼһ̶
ֽͳ׷ôҶƽһ˿䣬׼ƽƽͬ־ͷƽʱ˭ס
ƽΪסǲǲ˵ҶǣƽʱסĶȫˣġ
û뵽ҶƽƽʱסĻһҪǮ
һۣƽæԵ˵ͷҲ̫󣬼ǧǮ顣
ƱĽһϾǧŰپʮԪȻƽһ룬ʵ˵ĻҶƽ϶᲻˵ģԱֻ˵ǧǮ۸Ҳǰʡһͳ׷ļ۸
ƽһҶƽʵǧǮǶǮ
Ҷƽѻʵףƽеһ£˵ҲǧǮϣǮһͷپһ¡
һǧǮٰƽͬ־ƽ֣Ӧ֪ƽֵĺ壬һϽסҪĵǧǮе˾ˮƽ߰ôסֵطأʡŲٵѻأ˵ס˯ţϢĺ𣿡Ҷƽһʱĳصƽ˵Щͨ죬ƽͲСˣҶƽҶƽѻ˵ϣǸоΪ顣
ҶǣˣҪдòǣίͬ־ҲʾˣһõסˣԱסƽֻýһ˵
ƽҶƽ˿˵ǵģˣҪסĺһ㣬Եĺһ㣬ҪоﶼҪи棬ǵһªϰªϰøİҪȥģȻҪģҪҸΪʡίǣôҶῴң˵ǲǣҸոʡҵϼңڱĵطøģǾʹҵϼҸƽͬ־ͬ־˵Բԣ
Ŀһƽˣһֱû˵ȴǸоҶƽڲ֮ͬˣͨƵ飬еԼĵϣҶƽסͳ׷Ĵطˡ
ƽ˸û͸Ҷƽ˼ȻҶƽҲǴ꣬Ȼ˾Ȼû͸ҶƽƢһʧ
Ҷƽ֮ǰƽҶƽǰʶͬϵϵ̸һ£ǹҶƽҶƽ϶ˣȻȴûе£ΪȥҶƽЩͬǣһҶƽԸô죿ǣԺгҪǵɫ£ֻҪҶƽдãҶƽ㱨ùҶƽϿǣ
ڴ˼ûȥЩǰ˼ȫνӴҶƽϣ˭֪ҶƽֽӴʽҶƽϲ
ҶƽһһҶƽǼæ˵Ҷ˵ǡ
ֺԭҶƽһҶƽˣƽôҶƽһ£Ҷƽ治סֵطˣΪҶƽסĻȥǻ˵Ц
ӦһҶƽͣȻҶƽס²ΪȻ־Ȼ޵ֱֵ֮ϿҶƽ˵ֿһۣʾҪô졣
һʶ飬æҶƽ˵Ҷǣ²ΪһҪμĻ򻯹Ӵ
ҶƽҸղ˵˾ʹڿʼǾͲ²Ϊˣ²Ϊ⻰ѾˣＸΰô²ΪԣǾʹڿʼҪҵ뷨ͬʱҲҪʶҪԣƱǵǼݣӴǹӴͲҪôݻʡԼʽҵϣҪ鰡Ҳһϣ𣿡
Ҷƽһƽ˸еû˵ҶƽˣͷǸеоҶƽǲΪǣǿǺĺҶƽסôõﰡ
ҶǣסأǺšƽ룬ǶҶƽ˵
ҶƽҿͲûˣҾסͨɣԱҲһ򵥰һ¾Ϳˡ
ҶƽһƽֻȥţһͷֱæԸίҶƽŷ䣬ȻˣֻǷԸίˣҶƽķҪŪúһ㣬ȻҶƽ˵סͨ䣬Ҳ̫Ҫ˾סķһЩ
ȥŷ䣬ҶƽƽվһƽͷеˣҶƽǰҲñֳȻҶƽһǾ쵽˼˵ⰡҲͬ־ˣڹٳһӣǵڽͣúǲð
Ҷƽһƽ̧ͷæ˵Ҷǣ֧ͣٹʽ壬סأҾЩǣʵסҲһѵǲû뵽ˣ
ƽҶƽ⣬дֲˣ뷨ҼٹʽĿģΪֻǼ٣Ҫתǵ磬ʱȺڣֻҪȺڣǵĹͻ˷򣬲ʲôƫˣ˵ǲǣ


1492 
Ҷƽ˼ԼƽеǳȻְҶƽȴǴҶƽģȴǲҶƽʶ̣˵Ȼʶûе£Ҷƽ
ῴҶƽֱ֣ǼסҪҶƽס޵ĻԲٰŵرݻĵطҪڱȽͨĵطܷҶƽθڡ
Ҷƽƽ˵껰֮󣬱ȥϢˣϢ֮󣬱ƽƱڲһ㱨ģĻǳĺãҪίõ̫࣬Ȼ˵ʱҶƽȴǱʾȥίԺίԺ㱨
Ҷƽһ˱̬ȻͲƱݻһ㱨ˣƽ˼æίԺš
ҶƽǰίԺƽǰ·һ·ʻίԺȵίԺſڵʱҶƽһۿȥȴǷԶһȺˣµġ
Ҷƽ󲻽üͷһ壬Ϊһ֪ô£ΪȺһϷõȺڣڽӽԼҲ൱ǽͨơ
бЩãóͣƽǰһĳͣһ֪ô£ȻҲֻͣ
֮ͣҶƽ³ϼæ俪ţƽҲǼæ˹ô¡
Ҷƽ֮ʵǱô£Ϊʲô˳£
ƽۿȥæ˵ҪŷþϷõģԱ͡
ƽû˵̫ףҶƽ˵ǼȻϷãǵŷþȥϷãǲǽʲô˼ǲҿϷãҲϸֲ⣬ⰡʲôⲻҪңýôʲô飬ôסң֪ܱ㻹࣬𣿰˼ҪȥǵϣҪŶô뿴ʵҲŽһЩ⣬ǵһƬãڴ¶Ҫʵ֮磬ڻӣһЩףҪģǾͲܸĵЩë
⻰˵ƽ϶ˣʵЩûȥţĹԱŵģ˼άģ˵û̫Щ飬ȻҲֱ˵ϷԱˡ
Ҷǣ¹ңûаźãͷϸƽæ̬
˿ҶƽεƣҪ죬Ҫһ¸ªϰ㰲һ£ҪŷþֽӸãǽ죬һҪðţʵϷȺڹҺýӴǣûУ
һҶƽҪԽӷãƽеͷƤˣҶƽҪӷãʱȺ֪ˣҪŷþֵĴţҶƽ˵á
һ룬ƽæ˵ҶǣҪȥӴȺڣҵĵʱԱ̫࣬ô
Ҷƽһ˼˵Ⱑ˼й˰趨ȺһѲģҪ棬ǲסô찡ⷽѿ̫˰ɣȺڿ϶ҲͨģиͨģֻҪȥù黹ǿԽģǧʲôɼΪһòֻҪģԸȥһЩһܵõģҪת˼άվȺڵĽǶȥⰡ
ҶƽһƽǸеˣæ˵Ҷǣ㽲Ķԣⷽ濼ǵ̫ǳˣһָʾȥ졣
˿Ҷƽ߰ɣЩȺϷãǽȥ̸
Ҷƽƽ껰֮󣬱˳ίԺڣЩϷȺҲܽ뵽ŷþڲϷˡ
ôһСϿﲻ֣û뵽ҶƽȺڹ˿ر⣬ֱ̹̹⣬ǰ档
Ա߿治ζҶƽǰ㱨ɼģڿҪ仯̸ֻɼҶƽ֮󣬻᲻һΪ⣿
ίԺ֮Ҷƽƽֵһ߽ίԺҡƽֵ˼ֻ˲μĻͿˣҪԱٲ롣
ҶƽȴǸίίĸгһȡ㱨ʡί֮гίͬ־ǳʲôӣ൱ڳ˹¼ҹ
Ҷƽһƽæȥóί͸гȫҶƽ档
һ죬ҶƽøгͳίǶˣ˴Эĸκ͸ϯҲˡ
гͳί֪ҶƽҪȻҶƽһ棬ȻûлֱҶƽ㱨ٿҶƽǰ찡ҶƽǲӡˣԺķչһ¡
ڴ֮ǰƽֶû֪ͨǣûμ㱨ᣬȻһӵ֪ͨǱǼæˡ
ҶƽԱߵСţ˿ƽ͹ĲϣȴŴԱĵ롣аСʱеĸгίˡ
Ҷƽӵ֪ͨ˳һ߳˹ȥͬѡɾٵͬ£ڵ˴ΣΪ߸ˣĶͷ˾ڵЭϯ
һ֣Ҷƽһ۾ǿǣɾûʲôˣ໹ϵģȻϵıȽ٣֮ϵһֱûжϡ
䶼ʮˣһֱıȽϺã·ʮӣƤɰ𪣬ϵޣ˵̴һҲΪ
ҶǣôᰡһҲǿҶƽæ߹ʺá
ҶƽһôǹЦϯҲǺþûˡ
ƽһҶƽ磬Ǹеɵۣ˵ĹϵĻԺ˭Ҷ಻ذ
ȻΪЭϯλҲǲˣƽʱҲҶƽĹϵԺҪˡ
Ҷƽ֣˵ŻҿҶƽԣҲǴЦݡɾٿ֮Ҳ߹˵ҶǣǺöû˰
һ˹ҶƽҲЦסֵΣþòһ㣬Ҿǹȥһӣ˻
ҶƽһɾͷǸеЩҶƽĹϵǲ̫ãȻҶƽȴ˿ûбֳõӣˣ
ɾһʱصҶǣοɶżأ
⻰˵ĿЩ̫ˣǶɾٱ˵ȴûиеԼĵģҶƽһ棬룬Ͳˡ


1493 ȡ㱨
ɾıʾҶƽû뵽ˣûбҪ˵ôɣɾ飬Ҳ˵˼ңֻЦЦҲ˰ɣ
Ҷƽһ˹ЦɾһЩͨ죬æ˵Ҷǣ㻹ԭһÿЦ
ҶƽЦƣ൱ڻϼңһҪֵ׺һЩôҾص˼磬ǳ泩Ȼڳһʡίǵļӣһߺ󣬴Ҿͻ˵ٵˣͲʶЩͬˡ
Ҷƽɾٿ˿ЦնʱǻԾƽ˱кŴǴҿҶƽûȻҲƽҶƽ֮󣬴Ҳ
ƽֻ㱨ᣬһڱ˵ͬ־ǣʡίҶרеָҵӭҶǵĵ
ƽһ䣬ʱҶƽŴҷǳӣЦЦæ˰֣ôҾûбҪôӭȻҿǳӭģʡίǣҵ϶ôҡ
֮ҶƽֱӶԴ˵ͬ־ǣлԴҶҵĻӭ˴ƣұУΪҹĵطҵļҲҰеĵһվΪҵļ磬ҪǣϣܽøһЩȫʡǰУȫʡǣеǣȻϣƵĹĸãҶƵһͬʱҲ˵ǣҪҪģбҪҪᳫӴӼ򣬸ղţƽͬ־Ҳǽ飬ҵĻ˵Ĳô֮ԲôΪƣҵһҪ󣬴һӭҺܸˣҸϣܰҵҪù
Ҷƽһ֮󣬾ǸеҪǳϸˣȻǲ֪ոշʲô£Ҷƽ϶ƽҶƽһƽȻôԤϲģһͰѵطԱһ٣Ҷƽǲͬ졣
Ҷƽ֮ƽﱣֱƽҶƽֱԴҽˣκε뷨Ҷƽ֮ǿʼҶƽ㱨
Ҷƽƽ㱨ȫеĹƽ׼ˣذеķչݽ˳Ҷƽ֮󣬵Ǹе⼸ҲǷչˣŲСĲ࣬Ϊ˽һ£ȫʡеķչˮƽҪУ˵ʡķչˡ
ʡ밲ʡ⾭÷չľǿ˺ܶ࣬ܽȻеľȴûȣбе˿ڶҪ࣬Ϊʲôչȴǲ˼أ
ƽ֮䣬ֵĻᣬҲԼȡģҶƽʡίǣһ˵Ϊί㱨ǿˣûгʲô£ȻҶƽǰһ£ȻһЩϵĻ㱨
ֱҲҶƽǰһʱǳʮ㣬˾÷ǳ
ҶƽҲϸţֽҲǲ֣ĵһǴЩʵʡίǳΪֻҶƽЩģƽѾˣӦУȻ֮ǸеЩλȻ㱨ǳĲʵʲôӣҪ˽һ¡
ȡǶ˵Ĺ㱨Ҷƽ˼ָʾҪеĸҪǰһеĹȫʡǰУǰҪþ÷չϹҪǿɲ裬ǿ罨裬žݳ˷ΪžԺΪʡίָ߶һ¡
Ҷƽ⻰һ£ƽ˶ϸ¼ţҿרǿЩ£ǸеʡҪ仯
Ҷƽ⻰һ꣬ȻʴûлҪĻֱĶһЩְɾٺְҶƽһֻɾٺ˽˻ɾһڱ˵ҶƽһûȻǷǳ飬ɾͬ£ҶƽҲýʲôֻ˵
ҿ֮ҲǸеɾ̫ҶƽƨˣȻ˭ûЦɾｲɾٽԺҲһЩིľǺţûɾô顣
˽ԺҶƽˣ˾ûʲôɽˣһû˽ɢˡ
㱨˽ӽСʱʱѾӵʱˣҶƽĻǵΪֹҶƽɾ˾֣ȻǻصƱ齡
ɾٺҶƽ֣ҶƽȥȵҶƽȥ֮ɾٱǶ˵ϯҶǱ仯ܶడ
֮ЦƽѾʡԱˣܲ𣬵ؼɲʹб仯ɫȻûб䰡˵ǲǣ
ɾٿһۣæЦЦ˵ģҶǻôʵֵѧϰĵط
ЦȻ˼ڿʡίˣӲʡί칫𣬳ȥƽɡ
ͻȻһɾ̲˼ЦЦҶƽֵô飬ʵǿǵӵ£ǿǵӣڷѾ˾Ӷߵ˴Σ;ѾûʲôˣôͽҶƽʲô
һֱӸ˳ǸеЩ˼Ϊ˼ˡ
Ҷһ˽ˣȥҲûʲôáɾЦЦ˵
ǺһЦɲһûרŰǽйɵİ
ɾٲ˵ʲôˣҲ˼ֻǲ֪ȥҶƽϾҶƽĹϵðȻôȥˣҶƽҲЩҪҶƽӣЩÿڰ
˵һĻɾٺ˱һˣͷȻûʲôر뷨Ȼʲô뷨һȥҶƽ
ҶƽĹϵǲһĹϵȻɾҶƽĹϵЩ̫ǳˣɾ뷨Ҷƽӵæ»ѣɾٵĶʡί칫һССİԱҶƽôʡί칫
һ룬΢΢ЦЦɾٶҶƽ鴵Ҷƽͷδػˣ˵ᷴأɾٵ뷨Ҫա
һ˵ʱҶƽѾصƱݣȻ֪ɾٻ뷨Ҳ֪ɾٵĶʡί칫


1494 ̸
ҶƽصƱ֮һ룬ǰй֮󣬱ȥƽһһˣǸһ¡
ǰһҪļˣҶƽһ룬ǰףӴ˳ԼԶ˽˳
ҶƽһҪһˣԶ쵱;ȽϴȻϵ٣ͦмģҪһףӴ͸˵ˣ˳ףӴһҪʡ￴ҲҪһ
һȥƽ˵ףӴ˳ˣƽ֪ǶںԶ죬ûʲô˽ģ뺫Զ˭أôҶƽʶ
ƽίȥţ֪ͨڼţҶƽȥǡҶƽҪģҶƽôҪƽ϶ǹҶƽ档
ί˶ԺԶҲǲ˽⣬ȥί֯˽֪Զ쵣ι͹˾ˡ
Ҷƽ˰Ժ󣬵ϣƽҪᣬҶƽһԶٷȵơ
Ҷƽһ£ǣԷԣǺȾƲУҪ̸̸ƲܺȡһҶƽҪǽ̸ƽһ룬ǲҶƽǺȾˣȻﵽίҪ׼ýҶƽ̸
һ֪£ǿʼĥҶƽ̸ʱȥҶƽϿǣǵǰǳӵˡ
ˣϣҶƽһԷʱ򣬴ҵﶼ£ܿͳˣƽ˾һЩûôɡ
ҶƽûɲɣֻŷʲôҪı乤磬ｻǰѾԻ
ҶƽôԷҵ鵱Ȼӽţʱ䲻ֻܳǳԷСʱͳˡ
ҶƽԺƽط䣬ƽʲôʱʼ̸Ҷƽ͸Сʱ֮ɡ
ճ극ҶƽҪϢһ£ҪһЩ׼ϿʼҪȵСʱ֮
Ҷƽڷе쵼ӳԱǽ̸ڰӳԱȽ϶࣬ϴ̸ֻһԱȻҲԲе쵼ӳԱ̸ֻҪƽ̸һ̸Ϳˡ
ȴոÿУҪ̸һ飬ȫ쵼Ա˽⣬Ȼɲ֯£ʡίҲ֪һЩڶȫʡ쵼ӳԱ䱸
Ϊʡίһ֣Ҫץ쵼ӽ֯ȻҲԼֱ˼Ǽһ棬̸һ̸һõġ
Сʱ֮󣬵һƽʵƽܾϵҶƽ̸ΪʡίҪ쵼칤ȻҪ˽ӽ˼붯̬ЩҪί̸һ̸ֻû뵽ҶƽҪ쵼ӳԱ̸һ顣
ƽѾʮ꣬дˣȷʵĵиˣҶƽû֮ǰԭʡίǺʡίԺԼ֯ϱ˵ٵίǵ£ֻ˻ûȥ£ǱǵˣҶƽˡ
ҶƽһҪһ飬Ȼ׼ƼְֽλȻЩʵϵĻãôȥܱƲȥҪãȥֱȻҪмƲȥ֪ҲǲԹһ뷨õ壬㣬ʵ˼
ƽ뿪֮ҲûʲôȥˣĸɲҲʮݣ᲻ʲôʡ˴λЭϯˣֻϣصʡȥʡ˴ʡЭθרίԱθεľͿˡ
ƽ˼߽Ҷƽķ䡣Ҷƽ֮󣬱ǿһ֣ȻһҶƽһһ˽һ˵뷨һȻ˽һ쵼ӳԱҪֵ
Ҷƽ⣬ƽʾԼˣٴ湤ʣҲãŻʡǣôţʡίġ
ֱ˵ؽ⣬ҶƽǾһǿˣڹǿˣе˺ܸɣеֻ֪ȫǻ£ûûж顣һûʲôˣҲһ£ûйûǰĶ϶õġ
ڵĹչѣƽ̬йأƽ뿪УȻǾӦģ֮ǰǳٳٲе쵼ʵһʧƽûʲôȡˣﻹҪţ
ƽԼļҶƽǵ˵ͷ쵼ӽ裬Ϊίǣʲô߽
Ҷƽһʣƽϸһ£ǸҶƽе쵼ӳԱǺõģͬ־Ƚᣬʵ۹ʡίҪǿ˼ˣͬ־һõίѡ
ƽΪ˵˺ûȻҶƽĹ۸Щ౳ҶƽһʱûдĻʵأ
Ҷƽƽ̧ͷҶƽһۣҶƽʲô˼ûü룬ֺҶƽ˵쵼ӳԱ
쵼ӳԱǣί˼ͳг￪ȫˣھгְ񣬶ֵίǵĻ˾ŵгڵҲǷǳҪ
ƽΪίȻ˼壬Ҷƽǰǽ˼һЩû￪ȫǽһЩ
ƽ쵼ӳԱһЩҶƽϸţһҪۺõģȻƽۺδľǺãٿһֲգȻһ۲õģڲõˣҪе
ƽϺˣ˰ûһõģҶƽüͷǽ壬Ȼ˵⣬ǰӳԱڲûôѣϰշӳõģ
Ҷƽֱʣƽһ˵Ҷǣⷽҵû˵ϰյ갷ǽڴ֮ϣδؿţǵ쵼ӳԱͬ־Ǻõġ
ȥ⣬ˣԼʲôۣ벻ãҪǿȺڵ۰Ҷƽֱ˵
ƽһ£ҶƽҪԼۣһʱ֪˵ʲôã࣬˵ҲǱȽŬϰʲôĻ˵
һ룬ƽһʱ֪ýʲôãҶƽƽؿȴĻش


1495 Ӳ칤
ҶƽһƽҶƽһۣ˵ҶǣԼԼ۵ĻеĹ߿ɣûжٹҲûжٹʡίĸҶǸԲˡ
һҶƽ߿۲Ͱ⣬߿˵ԼҪǺܸߵģǱô೤֮ڲ˳⣬ӿҪһ쵼εġ
ҶƽһƽǸеһѹͻȻϮ˵Ҷǣ˵Ķԣ೤ҪһļලͶãѣҪκ⡣
Ҷƽͷڸ濼ǣҲǲԸ⽲̫⣬Ҳ⣬ԼҪӳԱڲ˭⣬Ҫʱʡί㱨
ƽͷȻҶƽ̸껰ˣƽȥ֮󣬱˽һҶƽǺܹ
ֺҶƽ̸Ȼ˾һҶƽһЩԼԵǰίĿ
ͷҶƽǰúñһ£ȻеĹ˵ûʲôɫ֮ҶƽǰԼһЩ뷨Ÿ
һ룬ǰѶί⼸Ĺһ£ָнľ÷չ֮ûжٴĽҪԭί߳һЩƫΪ׳ִֻίľߣ˵Ļھ÷չϣǲҪһЩһЩعؾأе巢չ
һǰƵƽȻƽǰȴƼίǣҶƽ֮浹ǳ˼ƽ˱ϵĺܺãȻʵһЩǴڷģֻûбֳˡ
ǰ⣬Ҷƽûо˽¶ƽʲôǾԼǰԼﻰһ£ֻҪܰʵһֽ
ϲ죬ƽʱƽۣͨʵҲҪеһΣˣϲ죬ƽְλĻ²С
Ҷƽͷǲ뷨ִʱȻ֪˼֪ҶƽʱĻһʧΪھŽƽλӵģѾˣ϶ܽӵģҶƽǷһı仯ΪгǰŵģȻѾˣҶƽ϶ǵʣͷġ
֮ԻƽಽûжΪҪΪƽߵʱղˣֻҪƽϺùͿ˳ίһְȻ͵ư죬ûκɫȵһߣʶԡ
ѾˣѾûκΰ취ˣֻпҶƽ᲻Ͽͬʱƽ϶ҲƼʱʡԺԺҲ֧гģԺ֧Ϳ˳ίһְˡ
ԴҶƽһֱ⣬ŻڽӴҶƽϿô࣬ʲôͨƣʲôסǼݣҪĿĻҶƽøУȻһʱûҶƽƢԲŻȡҶƽС
ӴҶƽ֮⣬ҲڴҶƽеĹϵϾҶƽйźܶϹϵڵгνˮ¥̨ȵ£ҶƽеϹϵȻͨҶƽϹϵһҶƽĹǲǺܺ
ȻôڱҪõҶƽϿɲУȻϹϵҲһðҶƽǰԵñȽСĽûƽʸԼƽ̬ƽνˣҶƽǰʲô˵ʲôҶƽҲģͬʱƽҲġ
ҶƽȻҲ֪ͷ뷨ȻźöϹϵشϣȻȥӣСԣǴǾԲġ
Ҷƽ̸аСʱʱƽʱ֮࣬ԻҪôʱҪԭֶһЩ˽⣬ϾҲҪһίѡ顣
Ҷƽ̸̸ôʱ䣬ͷǸеȽϸ˵ģֻ͸Ҷƽ뷨֪Ҷƽһʲô̬ȣ˳֮һҲûС
̸꣬Ҷƽ뼸ίί̸˻ʱҲǿʮˣ̸֮ϴϢ
̸ĳίһҶƽ̸ݣرί˼ͳг￪ȫλ֮ҲλгһְȻ֮žĹϵģһ˭λء
˼ίǣλǰ£϶гʮþȣΪ￪ȫᣬҺһʡǣڵγг֮ǰʡίΣֻΪŻγгýܶ˴ֵίǣλгҲ˳µ¡
Ҷƽ̸ʱҲע˽ǵ˼ϴһλɲڵίǣ̸ҶƽеʺϵܾõгְгһҪܸɵģõģ˼ֲãгеľ÷չƻǲʲôɫ
˼壬￪ȫòȻԱСһЩǿȥһЩͬʱ˼·ȽϿҲǱȽ϶أȣһЩ
￪ȫгĻҪ￪ȫһְȻ￪ȫֻǳгίһְûжأֲ
Ҷƽ̸֮ͷȻҶƽӡΣͬʱҲ֪ֻ᲻ǣֲֽίǣǾ뵱гҲûлᰡֵίǣﵱгĻǾûлˡ
Ҷƽ̸һϵĻ˵ڶ죬ȥӲһЩĿҵһзչĳɾֻͣ㱨ʱתһȦеĳнúһ㣬ҪеĹҵô
ƽҪͬͬʱֹܹҵ￪ȫҲǳͬ￪ȫеһᣬ˽ӵ֪ͨǳˣ˼ڶûлһӲ칤ȴᣬһȽϣоԼķࡣ
ҶƽӲ칤еĽĲеһصĿƽȻҪӲһ¡
￪ȫ׼ĵԱźýӴҶƽĹȴҶƽƽֵ˵ĵ


1496 쵼
ҶƽĽӲ죬ȡĸ˵Ĺ㱨˿ģоҵڷչĺܿ죬ܽһٽҵķչǽһܺõ飬ȻƵķչȴǲ⡣
ҶƽȽ⣬ƽҲǷģҶƽ֮ǸһЩСѹǵҲ¶Цݡ
ҵһչǰҿҪģʵԽĻҪֱ׷Ͳô׵ˣ˵ǲǣҶƽ˿ƽ˱ǶǶ˵
ҶƽһƽҶǣҲ뷨徭ˮƽҲֱ׷Ҳźܶѣܰķչ̶ܴϴٽȫеķչҪʡίʡǵ֧֡
Ҷƽһ˵ƽͬ־ʡίʡȻҪ֧ǵĹǰܷչȫʡضıչԼҪнȸУΣвУ
ƽͷҲϸţʱصͷҶƽ߱߿ģܲһֱ̬ȣҲҪһ£ù
ģҶƽһҵӲ죬һӪҵԶÿ쵼ʱӲ졣
ҶƽҲȻû뵽ǣŵܾȻǰʶ̳ϡ̳ڲ絣糤ʱʶҵϰ壬뿪Ժ󣬾û̳ʲôʱ;̳˲гţһܷչһȻˡ
̳ôҲûҶƽϵҪǵҶƽȻʶǽĲ˵Ҷƽ뿪ƣһһǨԶ밲ˣ͸ûȥҶƽϵˣΪڵҪҵƣûͨҶƽȨȥȡʲô棬ҶƽҲͬ
ȻҶƽȴǻʡίˣһҶƽǼæ߹סҶƽ֡Ҷƽʶڶʮȥˣһϸо죬ƽһܣϳˣ˵ԭʶҵڲʱ̵̣ܵܺã벻ҵˣ
̳æЦŵ벻Ҷǻǵң
ҶƽЦôǵ㰡㵱ҵӡҵΪܰҵãû뵽ڸôֵףذ
̳ϽҶƽ֣һĸˣҶƽһϳһץӵ£˿Ҷƽʶ϶߿һˡ
Ҷƽ̳ϵҵӲ̳Žܣ̳ϵҵǶԪչ̻еʳƷҩҵȸĲҵУôҵкܴ󣬾ȫʡ˵Ҳˡ
Ҷƽ̳ϵҵӲָ̳̳꣬ϾǸӭҵӲ칤ҶƽЦЦ˵˼֣뿪ˡ
뿪̳ϵҵ֮ҶƽȥеĸһݴĽ׶ΣзչһöطѾչķǳˡ
ʹҲûкãҶƽ˰죬ǸƽˣķչҪе֮أŰ취ѸƸӳҪʵҪѸչá
֮ҶƽصƱݣ˱֮ףӴ˳кԶ춼ѾƱˡ
ίȫ˹ףӴ˳֪µģǶҲŵʡǿҶƽԶǸеЩ⣬ΪҶƽ֮䲢ûʲô¼ϵֻǰҶƽ˽ף˵֪ҶƽҪʱǸе⡣
һ˵£ǸеܸˣƱ֮󣬱ǼףӴ˳ˣϸ໥棬ʮֵ˷ܡ
ȵҶƽ֮˾ǹҶƽ棬ҶƽǼ֣οʡ
ƽԭӻûбٰԶ쿴ҶƽЦź˵
ҶƽһЦϣҲûбֻٰ£Ȼûб䣡
ҶƽĬĻףӴ˳Ҳ̴ЦףӴЦ˵Ϻ̬أһ㶼ûϣʮˣͷôڣᰡ
Զ첻˼صͷǸȾģȻƽ˲ÿ
Զô˻ȾҶƽɵЦϣֻҪ̬ã彡ʲôǿϵ̬ôãֵôѧϰ
ԶЦҶƽһһĹȥ£˳ͺԶԵñȽϹȻˣҶƽǰǰǱϾҶƽʡίˡ
ףӴԵһЩΪҶƽ飬ҶƽĹϵҪһЩԼʡίǣĵλԵúܸߣҪһЩ
³ҶƽһСʱֱƽһԷףӴ˳Զ뿪ӣһȥԷ
Ҷƽ˾òãҶƽҶƽȴǼǫ˰죬ֻͬˡƽҶƽһԷҶƽ磬ҲǸеˡ
֣һֱһҶƽϹϵҶƽϹϵҶƽǰ˵˵λίǣһλ԰취
ҶƽλһԷλҲǸеǷǳңҶƽǣǸеǳο
극ԺҶƽҪϢףӴ˱ֻȥˣҶƽԺʱĻǡԶæʾԺȥʡǿ
Ҫ֮ʣףӴͻȻߵǰ˵һ¡Ҷƽһʾһ⣬ȻףӴߵһ˵
ףӴ׼Ҷƽӳһ£игյĹܲ˷ֹܳн蹤⼸еĳнȻĵлһ㣬ҲͶ벻ʽˣдźܴĸ⣬ףӴһֶӾ̣мŽֶӲԸȥͨлߵֶȥ㹤ֻ̣ܽӱʣµСǼʹȴҲò̿ԭյļ̣ȡᡣ
ֶӰԺǸеǳߣϻհ̣öģ¶ĳ˵϶Ĳ˵Ӽ߰ߣǼʹһֱгı˶á
еļܴ󣬹ϵ̸ڣͬʱ˵ʡ붼һĹϵҴֶκݣǨһ֣ڰˣƽҲԽԽͣη淴ӳȴŰӳһ£ܴĻҪ紦


1497 ίѡ
ҶƽףӴĽϵƶ֣벻Լļ绹һλгʱƺ˵ˣ˲֯һƳʱмίǿܼ˵ӡ
Уղûг֣Ϊȥ㽭ȥˣףӴһˣȻǸе
Դ;֮·ͷ޵ľ̰¹ίͼ칤йأĵһֱģũĶӣߵǼֱɫ䣬ֻҪйظܵĴţһ֮
һףӴӳ⣬ȻǳעȻʼƽʱƽȴ˵ûй쵼ӳԱ⣬ƽһڵϺˣ
뵱Ϻ˵̫࣬²ؼ߸߹˭Ҳˣһֲõķ˶ܼԭ򣬺öͲᷢˡ
ҶƽףӴ̸ʮӣ˲֪ףӴʲôţȵ˽֮󣬴ҾǿҶƽ˹Ȼƽ߹ҶƽףӴ֣˸ˡ
˶֪ףӴҶƽʲôȻҺ֪˭Ҳʰ˳ͺԶ˶֪ףӴҶƽʲô
ҶƽߣԼصϢһ£Щ˯ţ飬ڿǸô죬ǲʡίе飿ǰƽйһʣ
ҶƽϰƽйһʣȻƽûӳ£飬ƽº¶ô죿ȥûаƽйʴ£ǿǻȥԺٹʴ£ɵй˵
ϢһСʱҶƽҪһ£ƽŵؿһģΪ;𲽵ĵطҶƽûͬ⡣пǶͲȥˣΪص̫ˣȥ˶أҪҪȥ磿ȻȥǳһָϵԭˣΪ˹ԭĻô˸е飬Ϊ޷Ϊ½磬˵лľͶˡ
ԣҶƽûȥأȥһأȻ￴һ磬ƱݳԷȻʣĳίǽ̸һ̸ֱʮ̸࣬ꡣ
˵ڶһ磬ҶƽǷʡǣд죬һε֮ãҪ£һ¾еİ⣬ƽҪͬʱҪµίǣоֲʤίǣҪɫһίǹȥ
гǲҪּΣҲҪһ£ôеİӱҪãֻаѰӽˣвܷչá
ڶҪյ¸ˣȻļ磬ܱ˻Ϊᱣĸɲǡǡ෴ԽǼĸɲԽҪϸҪ鴦
ǰҪ£һ룬ǰ֯ϱȽй̸һаӵ飬ϱӵ֪֮ͨ󣬱İ칫ҡ
ϱҶƽǶ˵ϣȥһУƽԸƸˣ㿼ô
Ҷƽ˵£ϱ˵ƽ͸õˣֺ˵£ȻͰǵġ
ҶƽϱҲ˵ƽ֮㿴˭Ƚʺϣ
еѡϱȻԼ⣬еֽίһְΪȥегʵĿģƽʱͱȽϴˣǳ£ƽһߣȻһְ
ʱǺԺԼ˶ģԺ˵ȻǼţֽǣгһְٿǡ
Ҷƽһ£ϱ˵ȥˣҿһְȽʺϣеñȽˣȽᣬһְȽϺá
ϱ뷨Ҷƽһۣһʱû˵Ȼ뷨һֱӷϱһʱĬ
Ҷƽϱǲ²ܲͬ£ͬʱҲ˵Ҷƽȥһˣֲûб̫ãҶƽϿɣĻҶƽ֮ǰֲʶ᲻Ըֽһְأ
еˣһܾҶƽĿѾµίѡԸֽǣĻҶƽĿѡ˭أ
ϱһ£Ҷƽ˵Ҷǣʡ󱸸ɲǵĻһͲˡ
֮ǰΪʡίǣѱʡ󱸸ɲȻˣǾҪίǵλӣʡ쵼ɲУҶƽĿĵȻҶƽֽǺʵġ
ϱҶƽеʡͦģϱô֪ͦǣֵĸʡ쵼׵֧֣ȻʡˣȻô͵˵ؼег
ϣ˵ɣֻᣬٰϼҲδɣһ·ΧһûʵѡҶƽϱԸ
Ҷƽ൱ίطֵίǵ飬Ȼһ̻ȷ˵Ƿǳˡ
ϱһ£ֻôӦҶƽҪһ·ΧͬʱҲΪѡ֮һ
ϱȥԺ̸ִ绰ʡһˣһһҶƽ֮󣬵Ƿʲô飬ΪʲôҶƽϿأ
һӵϱĵ绰ûʲô£Ǽæصʡǣϱһ绰ȻǷǳҪ£Ҫ߶ӣææؾʡǡ
ʡֱ֮ȥϱϱ֮󣬾ǰеԼİ칫棬һأҶƽӲ顣
ϱ飬ֱǺƵذҶƽ֮ͨƺ;סǼͳ׷½ˡ
һϱͷһôᷢҶƽȻǲһ㰡ѵΪԭҶƽֲϿ
֣ƽϾҪˣµץˡϱֵ
һ˵ϲ鷳ˣ
ϱҶǰƼ㣬Ȼûб̬ѡ˷Χȥһˣ˳ɼ
һһӽϲҲûʲôѵͻгɼ𣿡
˵һС£ͻɼڻûжϾѾˣƣԼҲҪŬŬһ̶ᶨȲҪżϱ˵


1498 ϸɲ
ֺƵشϱİ칫˳ΪϱϢ̫ˣû뵽Ȼ˵Ҷƽ֮ƺеĹ⣬ͬʱҲû̸̫ĶԼƽĽѡ
һһΪϱԺ֧ˣҶƽȻʡίǣոѵֹί
Ȼڵί֮пΪҶƽ൱Ƿϱ飬Ȼһýôչٸλίһְ˺Ӱ
ô죿ַǳƵػصУȻȥү¡үѾʮ꣬ʡʡŶѾɳΪؼегҲǷǳˣȻڿػصȻ¡
һүӾüͷ˵֣Ϊ³üģ㼴ʹίǣг𣬲һ𣿡
һĸɲ˼뾳ǲһʥȻһȻֻΰãҪĻҪٰ˭뵱ٰ
үһֵ֣ⲻ²µ£Ҷƽҵǵ£˵ڵʱڶԺίˡ
үһ˵һʱһʱᷢ仯ģΪаյܵûаˣûаյ飬˵аյģģ㲻պڵĻᣬͻʧȥڵĻᣬ֣ûаպð
үӲΪ⣬˵Щ־ǲˣ˵֣˵Щûõģ쵼ܲ뷨Ҷƽʩʩѹ
үһʵôʩѹ
ֵʡίʡһЩϲǸҶƽһ£Ҷƽô˵
үһ˵֣һݵͷӣô˼ʡίǸı⣿ҵģȲҪżԽǳסԽ⣬ʱͣߵø죬ĸãҶƽĹϵִۣʹһܵίǣֻҪҶƽ뷨ѹ꣬㻹ʲôΪҶƽδػܵ˵ѹı뷨㻹ǰ˵ȥҪż
Լү˵ҲÿһżʱүٵǰүƵ·ȥߵģа
֣˵ʲôʵ
ү˵ҲʲôҶƽոȥӲȥʵָʾ񰡣оҶƽع˼·ҪȥҶƽʡһؽѧϰ˼룬Ȼע⣬ҵõϿɣЩ㲻ȥֻô˼ʡίˣ취ܿõ𣿶ӣ㶼гҿʲôλûһЩǳĶϴתתɲУȥʡϲȥģ㻹Ҫѧϰ˼
үӸ˵һ٣ƺʱһЩ˵֣˵ҲȥԺǽһˣˣҲ֧ˣϲѾҽˡ
үϵ㲻ҪҲΪѣҶƽ֪ҶƽһϱҲҪˣײף
үĸеЩģѵԼԺϱһ˸û֧ģôίһְпˡ
үȴǲȥԺһ룬ûҪүӵģϾүӶǿӡ
ֻȥˣûȥԺһƽص֮İүӵҪȥʵҶƽָʾˡ
Ҷƽϱ̸껰֮󣬱йֵϱǸϵĶӣʡ쵼
һҶƽʶΪʲôʡˣԭϰȻˣȻԺôԦʡϸɲ֣ϸɲҲô죿֮ǰˣҪԦЩ顣
Ҷƽ˵ףȻ㿪ʼȥʡϸɲʡ֮ûȥһ˵ε쵼ȥһϸɲȻһûȥȥˣӻĹıǰϴͳ
ʡλϸɲҪȥһһλӡһλǿϣ˵棬ڶصʡݣλ쵼ҪǲȥһµĻǿ϶ǲеġ
ʡͷҲҪȥһ£Ϊֵ鲻ȥ
Ҷƽһ£Ȼϱһͬǰϸɲн̽ӡļӡӵʡί칫֪֮ͨ󣬱׼ȴҶƽĵ
ӡʡ˴һְݵģҶƽ֮ſӭҶƽҶƽһЦסӡ˵ӡϺá
ӡЦŰӭӽȻһɳϡӡҶƽֵƽû˰㵽ذ
ҶƽЦŵӡϣԺ϶֧ʡίĹǰʡȫλǴһεˮƽǶôΰ
ӡһЦŵƽĺְܴ֧ǰʡҪԴԴҪ˿˿ôǷչȥأҿҪ˵ԭֻҪоߵελãһУ
ӡϣ⻰һ쵼һŬƴģһҪ彡һǰʡķչɣҶƽӡ˵Żʮ㡣
ӡһЦƽİɣأ쵼ӺúȥŬ
Ҷƽӡ˵һỰڣаСʱҶƽȥȻϼҡϵιʡʡʱڰˣĵλӡߡ
ҶƽһϵļУҲ߳ӭҶƽҲæһϣ˱ߵһ
ҶƽϱʡҶƽһڸ۶
ҶƽĿУϵȽϸߴҶƽǰһأȻ˸ʡ顣
Ҷƽ̸ʮӣӡҴʱ䳤ҶƽĵôͶ룬ҲǸеʡԺʡĸɲҪˡ
Ҷƽ̸̸ʡ飬̸֮ౣ壬ϺǺһЦʾԼҲܺãĲҪġ
ȥϼԺҶƽϼңʡڿϣҲҪ


1499 ί
Ҷƽϵʱ򣬾Ǹе˷ǳƽͣֵȫͬ⵹Щ⣬ΪָӡǱȽϼ꣬ıȽǿϿȥȫӡ
һԴ΢Ц˺ͣУ壬ֻͷ࣬ҶƽһǽһϺãסֵƽǺã
ϵҶƽܸоϴڵı˲򵥰ֲʡн죬ҲΪ£ֿνմӵĹˡ
ҶƽһֻһЩҳ̸ϵ飬Ҷƽ֮ǰ᲻ἰӵ£ȻǶˣϸûᣬҲϵ顣ļⷽ£ȴЦŸˣˣʡ黹ʡ쵼Щϼһﲻ룬ͣҡ
Ҷƽеȷͬͷһ־֮ˣ⵹ֲһЩӡ󣬲ôϵٻһЩӰɣ
Ҷƽݷʡ쵼ΰݷ쵼ʡ쵼ڻ϶ʡ£һؿ϶ǲõģԣ쵼һ涨Ҫġ
ҶƽԺϸϸһҶƽǸеҶƽһһҶƽ϶Ҫһóİ취ӦҶƽ϶ֻܵнҶƽĽĲܵõҶƽΣŰλֻҶƽķС
ˣھҪֲҪȥίλӣҪȴᣬȴҶƽϿɣֻдﵽǸزҶƽͬеίǡ
Ժ￴ϾǸ̸ֵ£Ҫ֧ֵίǣгλ϶ꡣһԺǺܾȣүʱӦ֧λǣȴǲԸ֧ֵίǡ
ԺЩ⣬ϱʱԣ׼㣬ҪɣѾֽˣ־ɳܰ
ϵĻԺҲֻϲŻػǣǱˣôܷλأ
ԺͷһϱϱһҲҡҡͷϵĵȷͬһģȻͲ֧ֵίˡ
Ҷƽίѡϣһֱڿ˭ȥκʣȥоȥȽϺãֱȽᣬʡί칫Σ֮ǰҲ̸ֻ࣬ȥһΪһԱģֻʡί칫λҲǺܺãˣŲȥһؼеίλӡ
Ȼֻ룬ϾᣬһֱԸⵣΰ칫ΣŹܼҵĽɫɣҶƽר̸һ̸һ뷨
ʵʱҲڿһȥȻȥһǱҪλӰɲʡѶȱȽϴΪûеιҪ쵼һλϵʡѶ̫Ҫһ壬ȡܵϵؼеҪ쵼лϽһǨ
һĿ꣬ȻҪȥĸؼУ˵ؼǵгǣгǸеˣϾǰ칫ΣǸ칫Σȥεؼгԡ
ֻҪȥҪȥεؼеίǣֻܷȥĸؼУҲ
һ˵еƽҪ˼ҲǿʼҶƽϼңҶƽһϣϼҵľܷչȥ֮ܰƸչҶƽһһܺõĻᡣ
һ룬ֵҪְȻʱûкҶƽ̸£ΪƽûеһҪץסҶƽһ
ȻûеȵҶƽҶƽ̸ˣἰⷽ治һϲȻҶƽԼ뷨ҶƽȷʵԸ⵽ȥְǵ˵ͷְŵȥίǵǿԵģȥԺ󣬾ǿճʡί칫ελӣʡί칫λҪŸ˭أ
Ҷƽһ룬ѷӸ۶ǱߵǷǸ۶ʡ鳤ҪҪʡ鳤ʡǱǰ칫һ֣Ļֻǵʡί鳤һˣĵǲǺأ
Ҷƽ뷽ϵһ£ʹӦԸֻǵΰ칫ҲһûʲôرҪ
ڵʡ鳤ֻҲƽȻ÷ʡί鳤칫εҲǿԡ
һ룬Ҷƽ׼ʡί鳤칫һְˣھȵŰָȥȻ۶ʡһϵѷ
ҶƽڿԺ󣬱ףӴӳյ飬Ҫһ£ǲҪֱӰʡί£һ
յû֪ʡίǲǽӵؾٱҲǲ˵ʡίΪʲôûȥգҶƽһ룬еһݵģȻʡίһֱûвȡ
ʡίҲһϴͬ־ˣҶƽ֮ǰʶڲǰʡˣǴʡίǵģʡίһЩίžίǿɶǱˡ
Ҷƽ룬֪ͨڹ̸һ̸յ£˽ⲻ˽ⷽӵ֪ͨںܿİ칫ң档
Ѿʮ꣬ϵʡɲ˾ӶߵˣҶƽеѾʺϵμίְӦ罫ʡ˴ʡЭǣҲȫģҪͳһ䣬ֻ顣
Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽվӭ΢Ц˽Ҷƽ֡
ʡίʡίίģĸֶٻϳίеЩֵֹģҶƽûʲôĳɼ֮ǰǵٻһЩĸоȻ϶ǿͿģû˿ıʾ
ҶƽƺҲǲ²⵽ǵǰǫ飬ͬʱҲҪɼŷԼʡľҪóɼǷҪѾ÷չǿһʡίǿɲǳԸɷģһһӡóɼѳġ
˿ڣҶƽҲܸܵͷƺҲǶԼԻǱȽϿСģҲ֪Ҫʲô


1500 ί
Ҷƽ֮󣬾Ǻ̸ȫʡĵʡίǣȻҪעⷽһԭҶƽҪ㱨ʡίĹǵҶƽȫʡĵһ¡
ڰЩҶƽһҶƽ֮˵ͬ־ʡίĹڷǳҪ˵ǼҪչãͬʱҲҪֹ⣬ǵһҪ󣬵ǰҿȫʡĵ軹Ķ̰壬ʡίһҪǿԤܣͬʱҪһЩҪһľʾãʡίĹҪǿ
ҶƽһڸеѹܴΪ乤ǿȺȶҶƽҪ̫ϸĻܻеãȻ⻰ҶƽǰֲýҲֻܴӦҶƽҪ󣬰ѼίĹá
̬ҶƽǸܲܰҪǼͼ칤һҪָ꣬һȥУҷһЩ⣬еô
û뵽ҶƽȻе⣬Щûϵ֪ô£пҶƽϼңѵһϼңȻֳʲôˣ
Ҷƽֵĵʲô⣬ӵ⣬Ǹ⣿һʱ֪λششҶƽ˽ĲһҶƽΪûüͼ칤
룬ֻ˵Ҷǣеļͼ칤ϻǱȽƽȵģ⣬ҲСɣͷȥһ£γɱ潻
Ҷƽ˵ͬ־Ҹղ˵ˣҪҪУдźصĸȲ˵Ǽίͬ־ȥ飬ٹңȻʡίĹֱʡίǸɵˡ
ҶƽһڸеЩסˣɫЩͨ죬ҶƽǶǵһֺصصĶϼίǸеǳѿ
Ҷǣһͷȥȥһ£ʡίĹҲǧͷ⣬ֻҪϸȥ˽飬黹õġæ̬
Ҷƽһλͬ־ķϣûйеѿƽһ˵ȥɣ˸ҡ
ҶƽĻ֮ǻȥˣȥԺ󣬱ǽٿίί飬оʵҶƽָʾ⡣
ڻϾҪдڵͻ⣬һʲôҶƽע⣬һұǳ˼ҶƽôҲհΪʲôֱӰ
뵽ҶƽᵽĴҪ⣬ھѴңע⿼дڵĸ쵼ɲĸ⣬û̫ͻģ߼ģһҪҳƯƯġ
һĶίܵٱıȽ϶࣬ǲҪһ¡
һ⻰ڵɫȴΪ֪ҶƽϼҾǶصģҶƽոհеȴǰҶƽϼҵίǸˣǲڴҶƽ
ߴ𣿡ɫõһ䡣
˱˵ڶطǳߵȫ˴𣬴ӾǿĸɲȺڼеӭأ˾ٱڸ󹤳̣صĲ඼ͿˣϰջиΪ
ֻǻɰܵʲôڿһ˵
˸еڲԸҲһ˵еͻҶע⵽ľ
һڵǲ˵ʲôˣ˼Ҷƽ棬Ҷƽ²Ǿǲˣȥ黹õһ£һʲôȻҶƽ㱨
Ǻðɣͬ־ǰУܵһʵұ档ڵ
˵ͬ־Ǽί۱۱ΪίǷֹеļͼ칤ȥеڶ۱ĹǲģΪӳ²ģⲻֹмͼ칤ĸġ
ڵķԸ۱ֻôӦԵЩˣΪͰѵѹˣԼȴû⡣
ǣǷҪ漰м쵼ڰ֮⡣
ʵм쵼⣬Ҳһ顣
˱ǵҿеҲ⣬ʡίӵľٱϢûнУҪĻһе顣
һ۱ɫһ䣬˵ǣƵ֮ǰйҲǲһ׼ģȥȥһˡ
һĸֽ»۱һе⣬ЩסˣֱӾǽĻʾ
һ۱һ۱˵ȥҲ˸һ£һû⣬⣬һ
һţȻɢˣȵ⣬֮Ҷƽ㱨ͬʱҶƽȫʡĵҪȽϸߣÿһοչͼĹԱõҶƽϿɡ
ʱڼ֮⣬ίԺͷǳ֣ίڻֻ飬ǳ߰Ϊ⼸ڶشǨ㽨裬سò췭ظı仯Ҳǻ˶ʮĲ벻ⲻҪǵģΪڶز̫ʱ䣬ֻҪ뿪˶أĹܼûǮ
ФԱߣλԵú͹ԣФǶ˴һΣؼɲˣյλߣȻһͬˣΪҶ֪ФҶƽͬѧ˭Ҳ
ФеȻҲ̹Ȼ֮Ȼֻһ˴ΣҶƽͬѧĹϵúܶ˾ηˡ
Լ֮һֱȽϿФУûФзʲôìܣҪǷʲôìܵĻФܵҶƽǰһ״ôˡ
ҪФаæȥҶƽһ档ܼҶƽô϶ϾͿǡ
ҶƽееʱΪҶƽᵽؿһģҶƽؿˣͻĿ࿴ˣΪصسǽȷʵˣͬʱФдаæθܿʵˡ
˭֪ҶƽûأФиһҶƽФоȻȻЩФǲƭǺһ룬벻пܷ仯ҲһФйҪƭ
ˣûФϢ׼ФʲôĵطҪФһҪæҶƽӶȡҶƽʶ


1501 ɾչ
һܿίǣȷʵüίǲҸɣɲ˵¶ɳˣﻧһֱвȥΪмϸɲϲǨû취ֱӾͣ⼸ϸɲŮְϸɲòɾذˡ
ͬʱʣҵ԰Ŀ࣬ҲĹͣŻΪȫ˴ڲμȫ֮صصʱ˰ŸɲȺڼеӭ˲Сĺ䶯
ŴҶƽҶƽһΪһϾҪˣŴ춫쵼ӳԱǰʡҶƽ㱨Ӷ͹Գ
뷨дԣûк潲Фϵ֮ٺƽֻҪФϵɹˣƽܷ
ٿоҶƽ㱨һʲôʽҶƽл㱨ôҿԽ취оһ¡
Фﲢûȥ飬ֻҪϵͿˣϴҶƽ᲻ص飬ʵҲȥˣȻͨҶƽĵ绰֮ȴǱ֪Ҷƽæţûʱӵ绰
֪ҶƽʱӲ칤ҶƽȴǲԸĵ绰еܾɥҶƽ֮ſȼͬѧһȥʡǿҶƽſȼͬѧȴǲԸȥΪ֪Ҷƽոʡܶ࣬ȥˣǲǻᵢҶƽĹ
ҶƽԸǣϵģڲԸϵǣ˵ҶƽԸǣҶƽصʡʾɺܶ࣬ȥԼͬѧʾɣôʡίǣ
ˣҾûȥɣФɸеʧԼȥĻֵҶƽŪúѿҲûȥȵҶƽУϵҶƽһԣҶƽûнĵ绰
Ȼûнĵ绰ǰʧȥӣҶƽᵽӲ칤ģΪҶƽȻˣѵؼҿһ˭֪ҶƽûлؼҿǳʧҲûʲô⣬쵼гǻᷢ仯ûоƭ
ȻæϵҶƽȻҶƽӼΪӡļǿȻйǺôϲרУֻ˴Σί쵼ˣԣҶƽһʡʡίǣȻǶذмˡ
ֻо⣬ȻұʡǾٰһĸ﷢չɾչʽʱֻҪ뵽ҶƽɾչǰһĿľʹﵽˣʱҶƽȡǵĻ㱨͸ˡ
ʽã԰Ѷ⼸ķչɾȫչʽֳúö˶ܿʱ򲻽Ҷƽһʡ쵼ιۣʡ쵼ҲпܹɵӰʹˡ
һԤʽ𣬴ҪԪû˵ͱʾǮҪֻҪܰγɾչãΪ˵ФеĻԣФȫȨ£سĺܡ
޷Ф뾡һа취ҪҶƽɾչϾФиĻ벻ҶƽǺѿ
Фһ£۾еԼرܵӣԤʽԪ֮࣬ƽʱûж˴һʱˡ
ŸϯЭФһɡڰФ֮󣬱ְſ˵
ſЭϯſ飬ܾڿôϲŲٵĸܴţڰµĻǻӰ쵽
ˣſһæֵǣФȫȨˣҾͲˣҸñ߹ĿԣҾͲˡ
ſԸ£üͷһ壬оФԼߵĽ룬˵Ҳãϯ͸ñ߹ģͬ°ƯƯģҿòã
˵ãФпſԸ£ֱӶſǺ飬һȥǵģֻñ߹ġ
ФзҪ£ſЦ˵岻ãûǸˣԼǵģȫ֧㡣
ſִⲻԸμӣФҲǿˣǸķԸ׼
һ꣬Фбǿôȥ飬ٿɾչĿģĿҶƽֻͣҶƽԸȥɾչУȻͷûеףԴҶƽʡ֮Ҷƽ涼ûмأֱӾҶƽϯɾչ
ǰ죬õǰҪȥʡǼҶƽһ棬ҪҶƽһȥðſһ˶ҪȥĻҶƽͲòˡ
ˣɢԺФ̰ſеһȥʡǼҶƽ¡ҶƽſǶ˵˵УοҪãʲôҪɾչøˣҪֻ¡
ſФϷʲôãΪʲôҪǣΪбõļֵǻܸɼꣿڲȥһ£źȻԵһЩҲ˲ٵµģֻҪǰæ϶ܸмǵģ˵𣿡
ФеȻЩſ˵һЩܶ඼̣ڸһɾչҪʲôãҪЩ棿ƽ֪£һȥʲôɾչ򲻾ͰϹ㲻ҪΪǺ£ȰץƵ£Լ㡣
ФһſǼ˵ţ㲻ҪҹԺòãҾƫڶؽĶðҶƽһܵǶؿһĻԻģܰǶȥǶԺķչҲǺ£ҲֵˣڲˣҪҺһȥʡǼƽɣ
ҪȥԼȥҲһȥſȥ鵭˵
һſԸһȥФּ˵ǲǹģͬѧһȥƽѵʲôֲƽ˵£Լ˵
Фм۵ӣſȻԼȥ˵ΪʲôҪǣ
Фһ˵ͬѧô࣬ѵֻһȥƽƽ˵ǰһȥƽһܸ˵ģ㲻Ҫƴˣʱһȥһȥ
ФпеҶƽǰͬѧſš


1502 Ƶĵ
ſûа취ֻôӦͬФһȥʡǿҶƽҴˣҶƽϵãǲͬѧˡ
ͷĻֵľֳҲҪ˾Ӷˣ֪Ҷƽ˰ʡʡίҲȥʡǿҶƽФһû˵ͬˡ
ʵҶƽԭڲ绹кܶϻƣǲҪһȥФбûͬ⣬ֻȥͿˡ
Фôһǽ߰˸׼һȥʡǿҶƽһǲҪһȥʡҶƽ
һФ벻ϴӦµʱҶƽǰȲҪżҶƽؼҶƽɾչɾչֻҶƽҲûõġ
һõҲǣ˱ûмֺФһȥʡҶƽȷ֮ФбǴſ˳ˡ
骵һ·Ϸǳ˷ܣſܼҶƽ˵ʲôҪҪФȥι۶صĳɾչ
ʡ֮ФбſҶƽϵҶƽٲĵ绰ĻѿˣôϼҵˣҶƽٲǣ̫ˡ
ſԼϵǲԸ⣬ΪԼҪҶƽģھȻҶƽϵⲻǹͷˣФԼϵҹ˵ԼûӴ
ФмֲԸϵҶƽФ骣һŮͬ־ϵҶƽĻôҶƽ˼ͬǰɣ
Фкһ˵Ǹ˵شӦˣ֪Ҷƽĵ绰룬Фбṩ˸Ȼ骱ǸҶƽ绰
绰ǽϽӵģ˵ҪҶƽϱ˭ʲô£ûԤԼ
ҶƽÿʱؼأˣϱôࡣһǸԼҶǵѣڵʡûʱ䡣
һǸ骣˵ҶڿᣬҶǿԺ㱨ҶʱĻ绰֪ͨġ
һҶƽڿᣬ骱ӦˣҶƽæأ˵ͼģµ绰֮骱ǺФһ˵Фһһ룬ôסҶƽ˵
һȻҲûж˵ʲôҶƽæʱֻ̫ܵȴˡ
Ҷƽʱٿʡίίᣬо쵼ӵ⣬Ժϱûټֳίˣͬȥеίǡ
ֶһεְǱȽģܵҶƽļְҪҶƽߵĽһЩοԭҶƽ߹
гֵΣʵҶƽڴ֮ǰǽֵߵģΪûеίǵĻͷȶӰ쵽֮ϣȻԺ󣬱Ƿ뷨ϺùһҪһ֡
֪ϢԺͷȻǸеһЩź뵽ԼүӵĻûȥ⣬Ҳûã뵱ίǣҪõʡίǵΣĻֻ̾ˡ
˰ֵеί⣬ί˼ҲǱˣҶƽе˼Ѿˣûʲôؾ˼иҲǲеĹˣ￪ȫžгһְûίǣҲеʧ԰ȽϺһЩ
˼壬Ҷƽ񽭰ŵеίǣΪ뵽ȥȻ񽭸еҶƽڱȽ棬Ҷƽչˡ
뷨Ҷƽһ£ԸȥԣϾһֱʡأֻȥְȥҲһ£룬д뽻ʡί֯ˡ
ȵʡί֯ʱҶƽͬȥְֻûίǻгȥеίǣ
һ˵ȥίǣͷǲ⣬ҶƽһҲûչ˵ˣɲȴȥίǣ˿󣬲ǻЦ
ȻˣԸȥҲǲˣԺûлˣҶƽ̸˻ϺãֻҪ˳ɼһж˵ץã̸ֻǶһ߱׼Ҫס
ҶƽĻʶҶƽеίǣģϾͬѧҶƽԵչ˿϶΢ʣȥίǣ˿󣬾ҶƽûչͲΪ֮Ϊͬѧϵ˽ˡ
ȻиɳһгίǣлģͿɵôˡ
ˣ񽭱ǵеίǣֺһΣ˼屻ʡ˸鳤ǶԵ˼֪Ժ󣬱Ǹе;սˣʡݰɡ
ίỹо飬ҶƽҪʵִչҪ̨һϵеĴʩ˳ίỹоȫʡľ÷չ飬һֱϰ˵ӲŽСʱĻᡣ
һҶƽصԼİ칫ң׼ȥԵ㷹Ͼ߹㱨顣
ҶƽһʣһҪʱʣϾǸȵţʱǽϵ
Ҷƽͷһ룬ڲͬ£ʡǣԼҪǲĻʵǹⲻȥȻʱˣֻҪǿԼġ
Ҷƽһ룬ǷԸ骵˵ʡӭȥԼϾ͹ȥʡӭݰһ·ʳʱһˡ
Ҷƽţ̸骴绰һӵĵ绰˵ҶƽʱˣͷǳˣǴʱһԷΪǾҶƽʱˣ϶ˣԱȳ˷
һҪȥʡӭݣҶƽϾ͵ֻ÷еĲ;ߣæȥʡӭݡ
ʡӭʡίʡдݣ滷ţǳ˾ס骻ûȥʡӭݣҶƽФеȥʡӭݣұǼæǰȥ
ϸ骴绰ȥʡӭȥһ绰ҶƽҪȥ׼һ·ʳͷ䡣
źЩ֮󣬽ϱҶƽ㱨ҶƽæеĹǵһ߰ɣ
һ˵꣬ҶƽһȥʡӭݣǼ档


1503 Фе
Ҷƽʡӭݵʱ骺ФеڴſڵţҶƽĳʻȥ֮骱㼱æ˹
ϸҶƽ򿪳ţҶƽЦ˳һ骺˵骣þû˰
æ˵ƽ磬ԭһûٰҿǱˣ
骱˵ЦʮȻǱˣҶƽȻ󣬵ȴϣ
ҶƽһЦ´ϣвϵģҲˣҶ
һЦФдԱ˹ФУҶƽҲЦ˵Уͷ˰ҲȾȾ
ҶƽǺǳģФŵıǷֻҪҶƽˣЩͿֱӺҶƽˡ
ҶƽЦƽͷͰˣȾʲôȾɫҲˡ
ҶƽǺһЦФ֮ȥſ֣ſһЦŵƽ㹤æúܣǱģ
ҶƽЦæģˣжæҲҪʱǣ廹ðɣ
ſЦõĺܣ㿴ͷûаף
ƽԵԽԽˣſһ˵꣬Ӻͷ˹ЦŶҶƽ˵ҶƽһµģǺ޸ſˣԴʱһҶƽͷЩ˼ء
ǴҶôˣ˭Ҳȥ뵱ˣſԸ˵Ҳ⣬ҶƽȻҲ⣬Ц˵ɩģĻŸоģǴҿɶģʱһȥˣǽȥɡ
ҶƽһһкŴңȻһȥҶƽĽ࣬ǶͬѧԼǻǷǳеġ
ҼҶƽǷǳҶƽصϼҵʡίǣǶٸеǳӰ̸ǿ˵ͬѧʡίǣ֪ҪĽ
߽֮󣬷ѾźˣҶƽкŴ߽䣬߰˸ˣһҪФСſΪ
ҶƽһеҫҶƽһģ骱˵𳣷顣ڻڽ͸۶Ǳõһûл֮ǰǴһ绰˵ʡǻƸĿ
Ҷƽӵĵ绰֮ûж˵ʲôֻҪԸĿԼҲһչһ£Ըˡ
ϿҶƽͬѧĵĺǸˣææȥطšԴҶƽ֮ԽԽ泩Ҳ˵ڼǺ׽һЩ֮ǰе߲ʵ쵼ҲǷǳˡ
ҶƽФеǶصԴĸȥ˾֮кüûضˣһȥӲҲûйȥ
Фһ飬Ϊ˵˵ƽǶطչĿɺˣнòΪĽҵҲǶʡǾٰһĸ￪ųɾչǶؼʮķչչһ飬չĻᣬǶظȥʱܵչȥһǾǸܰǶظȥˣ
һҶƽüͷ˵ҼûȥطչֵزˣУ˵Ŀģ
ФеȻˣǰһܿһ㣬Ÿ㱨һ¶صĹίֱӹ㱨ûͬ⣬㲻ԸʡǾٰչĻ㵽ʱǿԼ
Фн˳Ҷƽһһʱûб̬ͷҪʡǾٰչػûڶôҪأΪļ磬ʱȥιչĻ˵˻ỳָʹôġ
һ룬ҶƽУͷٺúоһ˵ʡǾٰչһصչȱҪõóֲУرϾһأ⼸ôչҲܸϵϷʡطչһʡкܶྭҪȶǿжûеʡٰչҪչҪʡͬ⣬ǲҪ
ҶƽһФиеЩˣ˵ƽеһ˳зȻǰȽ󣬵ڷչˣǾҪȥȻҵǶͶʣֻǶزܸӷչ
Ф˼еҪʡǸչҶƽǸеЩɣФڲ˴ΣչӦί£ôֵرίǺسУѵǴģ
һ룬ҶƽǶ࿴ۣſﲻ˵ȫûФ˵骼Ҳˡ
Ҷƽſȼ˵ͷˣһʱûٺФ˵ȥк˵骣ҶѱоƵһһ
ҶƽкŴҺȾƣתФ˵չˣФпֻȰѾƵȻҶƽһٱȾơ
һϵձ骱Ҷƽڸ۶飬ǲǱҪãǱߵĻôȲȡ
ҶƽЦź˵۶Ǳߵ飬һЩҸȤ£˵󣬻Ҷƽӵ飬ҶƽҲʲô骾ǸϴѧҵˣŹôء
һҶƽһʱ˵ʲôˣʡίǣֻҪ˵仰ð죬骽ĻҲ뷨
ԣҶƽЦŸɽǰ·õģֻҪԼ㹻㣬ҡ
ҲЦʹҶƽæҲֳϽҶƽΪѣܿת˻⡣
ФпҶƽһЩ޹ؽҪ飬ؾٰչ飬Ƿǳżôٰ
˰죬ֶҶƽ˵ƽϴ㵽Ӳ칤Ϊᵽؿأҵʱ㵽ȥһ
Фᵽ£Ҷƽеĺĺʱûȥԭģǲ˾ȥӲ칤±Ϊڸ˽飬ФоȻᵽ⡣
ҶƽҶ˵Уһʱ䣬һȥؿġ
ҶƽְѻתˣФһʵƽʲôʱʱȥ
ФֱȥˣҶƽüͷһµҪʡճ̰ţȫʡôأҲֻȥذҶҵļ磬һҪȵȥôҾʡίƫ˵ǲǣ
ҶƽһФɵۣû뵽ҶƽԸԼļ磬ЩЩȣһȿԼļġ


1504 Фбץס
ФһҶƽȥؿȥۿɾչȻҶƽһΪФаЩףҾеĿļڴˣԣʹ֪ʲôҲû̴ӦФеҪ
˸ФУˣФͷǳżſʹ˼ɫſûǣһʡ֮УҪ޹ˡ
ҶƽβФеĻֻ˵˵ЦЦ̸ص飬һСʱҪȥôҶϢûĻʡһ档
骵֪ҶƽǳæµԱ˵ͻضˣʡˡҶƽЦЦ׼ȥФȴһקסҶƽֵƽصĳɾչʱһҪȥ
ФһҪʲôɾչҶƽ죬ͿһҰ칫һ£彲һ㿴ðɣ
ҶƽһФֻˣȻǿҶƽ뿪ʡӭݣ骵˱ȥϢФȴǽסſ˵ȥƽһҪұһ¡
ФмеӣſУαҪΪôɾչԼģΪĸɶȰ㲻Ҫ¡
Фһ˵ʲôǶƽ𰡣չʾһǶطչĳɾͣǺܺƽȥһǶǶع֧֣һļ磬ⲻҲƽץ𣿡
˿ФУſУ㲻ǲ֪ʲôһ˻˵ڶشȨߵĺܣܲƽ֪һ϶ϯչģƽ߳ϯ꣬Ǳ£˵ƽΣҼʹ£ҿƽ׽ΪƽҲˣ˵ⲻҪӰ쵽ƽԣ飬ҿȥǿƽϯҽ㲻Ҫߵ̫ýʲô鷳
ſȻФлˣ˵ʲô֮󣬸Ǹɵĺܺ𣿲Ȩ˭Ļܸʲô£˵Ůˣиܵ£ⶼһЩţѵܵ棿ûп˵Щ˵ԸⲻԸһƽ˵˵°ɣ
һʵƽƽԼжѡҲܸȥƽſʾ
һФˣûа취ûǿſһ£ֻ߿˯ˡ
ȵڶ죬Ф룬ûкſһȥʡίԺֱԼһȥˣʡίԺ󣬽˼ҾǲҪ˭һ˳˵ʡίǣҲȥ
ΪϷõģΪȥǲһФоȻ칫Ϲ
һ˿Ҳе£еҶǵͬѧҪʲô
ФһþһǺܿǾ侲Ҷƽǰʡˣ϶źܶͬѧͬѧһҶƽϵðҶƽҲһͻͬѧС˵Ҷƽͬѧ˵ðģҶƽϤԸ뵣Ĵ¡
ˣ˸ûⷬǰ׼ΪʲôײʡίԺ
Ф˿ƵʱſҲһʡίԺûФǰУͷƢϽϵȻǽȥˡ
ʡίԺ֮ſҶƽ칫Ĵ¥ǰӭԵ÷ǳſǸеǳӣڽϵĴ£ǽ˰칫¥ȻҶƽ
ҶƽһФôûſһǳһ˵ƽûһģȥͷˣһԼˣһأ
Ҷƽһſ˵һ٣̸еʮ֣ʵô£ôˣ
ҶƽһʣſǰˣҶƽĽʱһ涫Ǵģҿû̴ӦФȻģΪͷȻԼץӣд
᲻ʲô⣿Ҷƽһʵ
ſ˷ӳҪļ̶˳аģ⼸꣬ĲʽͿˣһǷһƨծҶ˵îһίسοչˣҪɾչҪԪФרŸ飬Խвô㡣
ԺҶƽ룬оһЩɲûȷۣһǲĳҲ飬ֻϴĿ󹤳̣·޵ĺܺã¥ǵĲȴǹעȥҲǲУҪչҲҪעҲҪУܴ󽨣ìܰ
֪ˣ㻹ǱȽϿ͹۵ģˣȽйҺ˵˵顣Ҷƽſ
ſ׼ȥͻȻϴҴ߹Ҷƽ߶һ£һ꣬Ҷƽôȥ˸
ȵһߣſҶƽҶƽǶ˵ФУȻˣþ˸ץˣ˵ʲôˣ
û뵽£ſҲǺܾȣô£ҶƽͰѽϸˣФеĽ浱У֪Ƕص˴ΣȻҶƽͬѧһҶƽҶƽġ
һֱɵˣˣȻҶƽͬѧҶƽҵģСΪʲô˵ΪʲôҪⲻǺ
æϽϵ뷨ʵ£Ҳ֪Феһ˵ҲǺܳԾæ˸ȻҶǻ㱨
еѹܴ൱ڵҶƽͬѧˣФҶƽǰ˵ʲôɾǲˣô죿
еͷð˺̶ЦФУ˲赹ˮģФпԽȻ͸ղᣬԲˣڴȥҶǡ
һ⸱ףФб֪֪Լˣ˵ˣסô
һȻˣֻٸϴ绰ýϹ棬ȻԸߡ
ϱž˴ģֻȥһ£Фи


1505 Фû
һϣǰϽˣԼʵФȡ֣ҪԸФС
˽֪ҲФºҶƽ״Ӱ쵽ϵͷҪ£Фкˡ
һ˵꣬ϱЦ߽ȥФдкոʶЦݵغФдк
һϣФбǴе飬ҪʡίԺƽǲҼҴ
ФڱǰҲֱҶƽ֣ϵüͷһ壬ҲڹٳϻˣȻôٳϵڣʹҶƽͬѧʡίԺҶƽҪ˼ҶǣֱӳƺҶƽ֡
Ȼ룬ȻЦ˵ФΣ߰ɣҶڰ칫أ
һҶƽڵФƵվ飬ȥƽ𣿡
Фб˵߿æ˵ܣôܰղһᣬ߰ɡ
Фе˾һۣȻŸŽ뿪˾ķ䣬ںЦ˵˼ԲסˣФϺ˰ֱˡ
ϴФҶƽķ䣬ҶƽͷФи·ǳФͬѧҲ̫
ФһҶƽǸҶƽ˵ʡίԺѽһҶƽǳ˵ôѽˣҵͬѧôôþ˶ˣ
Фб˵˹ģڴдҲ׷ǵˡ
Ҷƽɫ÷ǳѿڰ칫ͷҲ̫ǲ飬ֱӺ˵ؾٰɾչ¡
ظɾչҿûʲô˼˲ƣȥɾչͲøˣɵúòãϰи˳ƣҪʣҲͨʽҿ϶Ҫȥģڣͬ־ἰ飬תǡҶƽſ棬ФзԸˡ
ФбٺúúҶƽ˵˵£û뵽Ҷƽһǰѻ˵ˣ׼ɾչˣһſҶƽʲôˡ
ФиеԼȥ˲˵ƽɾչΪʲôܸ㰡ǰͷʡͷҲʲôչΪʲôڲиˣ
Ҷƽǰ㣬ǰ£Ҫת磬ڼԼЩ˲Ƶ飬һСسǣôǮֶǮҪڵϣҪЩڵĶȥͬ־˵˵ÿ˵ȥ
ҶƽһԾŶФһʱƻˣȻֲģ˵ƽ㿴£Ҳһ£ǷǳõģڲŪǻǵĹ𣿡
ԲҶƽ˵ҪΪϰ˶ٺ£ҪϰհҵǵķչΪ񣬶Ϊ˸ӹ̣󹤳̣ײף
ҶƽⷬФиеˣҶƽȻôؼԭҶƽͬ£ֶ֧صĹӶǰץһЩӣڿûϷˣ
Фһʱͷãſ˵УҪƽȥ죬Ϊ˸ҺαҪΪ£Ұƽˣǻȥƽָʾͷɣ
ſһ˽Фг׾ˣ֪ſˣſˣûаæǻ£Щˡ
Ҷƽ˿ФУûκλأſ˵ƽǾͻȥˣ㹤æǻȥһ顣
Ҷƽ˺˵ðɣǻȥɣҲΪץץ棬ҪҪҪǿҪҪ⣡
Фֻվûˣǰ˺ˣ
һ˵ҶƽУûаյ˵ʲôڻҪȫʡֳֻĲ˵棬ҵϼҲҲֻչ˶أҵƾͰƵĸɲһͨԽǼĸɲҪԽϸҵȥʱ»ʧҼǣǣֻҪҿ⣬һҪǣһңһܵҵ㶮ʱ㲻ûӣһǸеڵģ
Фһֻ̾ˣȻſһ뿪Ҷƽİ칫ңһФбǱԹſſֻòصʡӭݣФоǲˡ
ջصʡӭݣФоǽӵĵ绰ôҶûҶʲô
ФæʡǾͼҶƽˣҶƽһ׵¡һǳˣһܰɣֱӸФУǳɾչҪץˣһҪһ֮ǰãܵչ
һǳ˵ӣФв֪˵ʲôˣðҲаûа취ǸǣɾչͲҪˣҺƽ㱨ˣƽҵĹ㱨еǳˣ˵ķչ仯ԽԽˣһʱȥǳɾչʲôľͲҪˣʱֱȥֳûбҪʲôɾչֻҪѹץˣȿɾչ˶ˣ԰ǣҪɾչˣлֱֳҸǾٰɾչĿĳչʾǶصķչɾ֮⣬ʵĿģҽεʽܶ࣬ʱҪʣΪļ磬ʲôõĿȾͻ뵽أǲҪɣֻҪһŬĸõġ
ФԽת˺ü˵ⷬⷬһ˵סˣҶƽҶԶصĹǿ϶ģȻֿ϶ֻФתģҶƽûԺĿҶƽһ棬ǽҶƽФǰֻҶƽˣͷܹעӶǨ
ФΣ黹ǿˣܸоɾչбҪٰģֻоٰ죬ҶǰǶصķչɾܹͣǶصĹ϶˵ǲǣФΣȱæ뷨ʡ쵼ͨһ飬һҪѳɾչƯƯģľ˲ˣ˱ФҪ
ФһеͷˣǹִˣˣҶƽ鲻ˣôأ
ǣǵƽģǰ죬ǾͰ죬ǰ죬ǾͲܰ찡Ļƽ᲻˵ģФбǻõ˵


1506 ʡί鵽
Ф˼ӣһоζФһһƽĽţҲФַֻڨЦ˵ФΣô˵ҶǶعˣҶʲôʱܼҰʲôʱܴҼҶǰ
ɾչĿģҶƽĿģʱֱ⣬Фи˸вӦзæ˵ƽûʱ䣬ȶʱɣҺͿǽͻȥƽʵ̫æˣûжʱǣίǲ֪ж˵ż͸˵ˣǼ֮ʱƽոտ곣ίᣬϲŹǣڼʱ䣬ּһʱҺͿרȡصĹ㱨ǲ칫һǼҪ㱨ˣ˵ʲôʱ䰡
Фһ˵ԼʼԼˣ⻰˵ĸϷƵģˮ¶ѡһӰ۵ĻĪˡ
Ф˵УȻһм٣æ˵ǣǣҶǹȫʡ߰ǧˣһҪǲ׵ģҵŻᣬФǰϵŰֻҪʱһҪһ¡
û⣬ǣƽǳ϶Ĺͷİɣ£Ұˣ⣬ˣ鲻˵ˣȥ֮㱨Фб
룬Фй˵绰ȵµ绰ФгһȻ룬µúſһҪ˵ʵȻǿɾ¶ˡ
ФмæȥſҲٲſˣſҲԸģǿԼһЦӣûа취˭дͬѧءФоǸȥԺʲôͳһ㱨˵һġ
һſ֪һڵ绰ƭҲѬģФеĵȻԸϵԼùءſǴӦһ˻㱨ʹҲ
ФͷȻҾһȥԱ֪飬˶õǺʲô
ʡίĵ˼һͬеġֺʡί֯һͬСѾ֪Ϣֹӵƽİ࣬ͬʱ˼ߣ񽭹ίǡ
һ൱ʡίĸ鳤ʡĸ鳤ίˣǳ
ʡί칫Σ쵼ˣίǣûֿ⣬үҲҪڼ꣬ҵȴʱǴŻӭ̬ӭֵĵġ
񽭣һʱϸ֪һʡ鳤ҪеίǣȻ
񽭵ĵΪ˸ṩ֧֣Ͼһĸɲгûίˣһĸͼ
ֺ񽭵Ƶĵϣ۱ʡίҲĽפУмί˶Խӡ
мίǷƺʡί˴ʱһһίǣ֪ʲôá
̽Ӵ۱һУ۱֮󲢲˵ʲôĿģֻǸ쵼ָʾһ󰸣мίˡ
һһ֪ʲô󰸣ѵǸΣҪüίһ
Ʋöʣ۱Ҳ۱ѽľٱϽ鿴һ¡
һ۱ķԸȥԱľٱùԺõֻ㱨һʡί쵼ˣʡίǣҪǲֻ㱨һǿǲá
ܵȥ㱨ָոΣȫ쵼ɲոտ꣬ƨɻûأôǰʡίĺžǵˣʲô˼
һʱҲ㲻ףΪʡίҲûкʱûίǣ۱Ҳû߷˵Ҫȼ
һ룬оʡίʱһ£ΪոΣܲ鴦һҪɲҲӰţȻطҶƽϼң鴦ɲ᲻Ӱ쵽Ҷƽأ
оЩò׼Ǵʱ޷ʡί˵Щʲô룬͸߷ƣȵʱȥݷһ۱Ȼ˼ҲϵǼȻ֪ǾҪ˼Ҽһ棬ȻĸɲͻȻʡί˸ˣίǻ֪Ц
ֵڶһ磬ڷƵͬ۱齵ıݣԼ۱һ͡ԭʡίʱʡί칫Σ۱ʡίǣȻһʡί칫ȨƴһЩȻʡί˺ҲȲ쵼˰
ֹ۱۱ӡȻ˱֮۱һЦ˵ǣûҾ·æ÷ǲҪ㣬㿴Ǹˡ
۱˵ЦֹһЦ𶯣ǷǲңҲ֪糿ҲûԷһȳԶ͡
۱ҲǹЦֵĻãʡίڼ˺ö󰸣źܴӰˣֲ˵Ǿ𶯡
һ߽Էͬһȵ߳ȥֱЦ˵ǣһ϶ҪдҪ죬ܲ͸ףиȻҽĸɲᣬҵȾǲ˾ģңҲҪ˺úϡ
һۣ۱صصǣҪ׼Ŷ쵼ӵҪ£
ͷ̿һ⣬쵼ӳԱҪ£Ƕǲãոأץһ쵼ӳԱ˻᲻˵֮󲻼
߻Ŵһð飬ôɣöɲҪüίȥ̸
ǣĸӳԱܲ͸©һЩϢʵ
۱ȴصصǣ㲻̫ģֻǳʵһ£صһؼɲרŰŵģҲû֪ͨ㣬Ҳ֪ˡ
ĸصĸɲǣ鴦һؼɲҲκģңҺšһֻһؼɲָе࣬鴦һؼɲ԰һؼɲ˵һء
أ۱Ƶ³֣ȴǾһ亹ΪطҶƽϼңʮģôʡίȻҪҶƽϼҵĸɲ


1507 ס
۱ĻָеЩԾٶˣˣôʡί쵼鴦صĸɲ֪ҶƽʲôͲö֪ˣҶƽѵҶƽµ
ЦЦ۱ĸ첲۱Ҫʲô֧־ܽί֧ʡίĹ
۱ҲЦЦû˵ΪʡίǣǵĸУĸеҪ쵼СȻԭʡί칫ΣʡίλñߣƣǾֻǳΪ˵е쵼Ǿǲôһˡ
ǵ磬ίͬһԷʱ۱ȴǲôװˣΪ֪ҶƽͬѧȻ˵ֻǵһίǣЩ˾ίˣϾҶƽͬѧҶƽڶʡίˣίǣλõҶƽӦгίʲôĲǿԡ
Ȼ룬񽭵ʱ۱ȷʵ˿ô󣬱ǰҪĶ࣬Ҳûʲôԭ򣬾ΪҶƽͬѧСĵ񽭣ܵҶƽǰһʡίǿܾͻˡ
񽭿ԼӣЩģΪڴ֮ǰ۱˵ĸоǴ˷ǳ߰ҰԵȻ˵ʡڰ˲ٴӣǱ˴Ҳ˲ˣĻνĳƺžЩˡ
ȻǿͿ֮ǰҶƽһ棬֮һҪץøɲ齨罨裬Ϊֵ֣һҪ취ⷽĹá
ʲôһҪʱ棬ȻͷԼİŲ⣬ҶƽרŰй飬ҲǸеӣͷͻˡ
ҪҶƽĶĿһЩʱرҶƽֻҶƽȫȻȻͬѧһǣϵ£ʲôͬѧѹϵûõģǷڵһλ飬ڹŴ˵ʾɣֵүӶûá
۱֮󣬱мί֪ͨصԱмί̸иɲҲˣʱФиոջصأȥʡˡ
Ȼĸ˾ûйļֳǽӵмί֪ͨȥмί참ȥ̸ͻȻ˱£һʱеĪ֪ʲô
ĵһӦǣǲ⼸ֳԼмίŪȥˣȻתһ룬ļֳǿƼɲôֵõмίţؼίͿ԰㶨ˡ
еǣ⼸ֳƽʱĹϵмίȥˣеЩ񲻰
æؼίǸйһ飬һؼίǽйؼίҲһͷˮʾʲôмίֱӲְģؼίϱߡ
һеЩأмί鴦ֳȻؼί֪Щ˲˼飬õͷһ£ôһ¡
뵽󣬱Ǵίһȥϵмίѣһ飬֪ʡίУ֪ǲ붫صйأа참ԱڶǷʽӴ˵ʲôҲǲ֪
һмίλеЩëʡί˲İɣԼʲô飬Լ֪֮ǰҲ϶оٱȻûе£ΪڶԸܺãżٱžܰ⵹
Ȼϣ˭֪ʡίĿǲָǵĻҪδѣ
˼죬ҪߣһҪ뷨ùͬˣԷһǻҪһɾչҶƽֳۿֻҪҶƽȥֳί˿ҶƽĹϵǳãһ뷨ͬʱ뷨ФаæҶƽϵֻҪҶƽϵЩͺðˡ
֮󣬱ǼæȥФУѾٰɾչ飬ٴ뷨æȻФУһҪҶƽһ棬رϾҶƽϼңΪĸĸȥһѵʲô
һФп˿ʱЩˣͷֳüίȥ̸飬Ҳ֪ˣʱǲΪ¸еЩţ²˵֮ǰǰţҪæѵٺȥ
ǣҸմʡǻô˼ȥƽأƽæأҪǲңԼȥϵԣﻹҶƽĵ绰룬ҪϵĻҿ԰Ѻ㣡Фб˵
һһ룬еФĲֱҶƽϵҶƽϵϵĻ˵ҲһЩᡣ
һ룬˵ФΣǺãѺңϵһԣҪФԳһҪҶټһ£Ҳʡίǣ˵òã
ΪίǣȻܼʡίǣҲûм˵޷ФаæФб˵ǣģһæġ
Фбǰѵ绰ϱǴƷǰʡ뷨ϵ棬ƷһͣϿ϶Ҷƽǰ˵û
쵼εˣФȻҶƽͬѧФֲҶƽߣϤܰһЩ顣
֮ǰʡίǵϵû·ȫʡôίǣ˼ʡί鶥м쵼򽻵ôίʲôǣأ
Феİæٽϻ֪˭ֻҪԱϾͲĵ绰ֻҪ棬ܰˡ
ʡ֮ȵʡһұס£ȻСظϴ绰ϵ绰֪ģФҪ˵绰ΪФҶƽͬѧҪǲФе绰룬ãԱǸФС
ڣһ绰һ绰룬İˣʶȻ֪绰ֺ٣רҶƽϵĺ룬ֻҪϵ϶ǽӵġ
ƽʱҲйİ٣˿ʾüͷȻ½ʵλ
ǶίФθҵģϵ㣡һͷ˵绰˷ܵسŵ绰ͷ˵


1508 Ҷƽ
ͻȻи˴绰ȻǸеĪؼ֣ԼФе֮һЩҶƽίǰֻǴûм棬ΪҪϵԼФΪʲôҪϵԼأ
ãʲô𣿡ûΪԼʶֱӹҶĵ绰ϾФеӣȻҶƽίǣ뿴һʲô
ʲô£æ˵飬ûʲôҪ£Զٷһ£ʲôʱ򷽱㣡
ȻǹҪԼԷģϸеЩЦԶֻԼԶٷʲô˼ȻʱڼҲûʲô£Ҳʵ¾һԷһʲôҪԼ죬Լܰأ
ǣ쵼ȥأûʱ䣬ʲô˵ǵģԷʲôģͲˡһѣȻһĵס
ֱˣԥҪҪ˵ԼеĿģеĿĵȻҶƽֻҪҶƽ棬˵ˣȻ˵ԼĿģָоϻûʲô飬ôԸأҪϼһ棬ƷȻпýϰԼ
һ£Ļɥʧˣ룬˵飬ģǶؽչȽϿ죬罨仯ȽϴʡίҶǵϼǶأˣί㱨һ¼ķչ仯һ¡
һ£ʱ˾ȻҶƽȻҶƽܼģһ˵ǣҶȽæûʱ˰
һ˵ûʱǿԵȣһ£ǵŽ֪ͨˣ⣬ҲԶٷ鷳Ҳһʱ䣬ͬ־һλᡣ
˵ôϿңһ룬Ҷƽ㱨һ£ϾǶصίǣҶƽҲû˵ܼĸĸ٣ֻɾչҪ㣬ʲôûмҶƽ̬
ǣҿҶǻ㱨һ£Ҷǻ᲻㣬ҾͲұ֤ˣ⣬ԷûбҪˣͬ־Ʒѡϱʾ
һ˵鷳ˣ˵ƷǾ̫ˣͬ־ʡ쵼Ʒأ
ЦЦǸֻҪܰϵģһæģȵŰɡ
˵ٸ绰һеִţһ£ûа취ֻøš
ϴ绰泩࣬»ҪԼԳУФдߣҲ˵ʱ䣬Ҳ֪Феûиʹֱ˵Ҷƽϵܼͼܼʹ죡
ϵȵڶҶƽһ룬ǰʡϵ½˳ҸҶƽϵʽФиṩġ
Ҷƽüͷһ£ĿģҪ˵ĿģʵҲ֪ĸɲĸʡίǣܹܵʡίǵĽӼһӡ󣬶ǲһеٵ£һǨУ˵ͻһҪãֻҪеˣ֯Žһβ˳
ĸɲ뷨ȻҲ뷨ֻǴ˸еڼУ뵽ǰб֣ФҲΪ˵ȻſֽһЩ顣
ҪҪأҶƽһ£һԼһһʲôһãͬ־ˣԸ˼ңЩͬ־ʡί̫ˣԼĸɲȺڲ͸
ʮӵҵİ칫ҶƽϷԸһ¡
ϴӦһ߳ȥϵˡȵһӵĵ绰˵飬ʱϱʾ˸л
绰֮æסıס뿪ȻʡίԺ֮ǰ׼Ҷƽ㱨ĶϵĻ㱨ί칫רͼƬŪһСӣҶƽһصķչ
ʡίԺ󣬻ϵϽӵĵ绰֮󣬱¥Ĵǰȥ
ʡίԺûγ˳УϾίԺų֨һ¥ǰĻϿ˲ãҲֻҶƽʸôСһЩΪá
߹ȥ֮󣬽ϾˣǹһʣҲ³߹ȥһ飬ϱ֪ˣ֣ȻȥҶƽİ칫ҡ
Ҷƽİ칫֮Ĵ۲һ£Ȼ󿴵ţҶƽ˵һ߽ˡ
Ҷǣͬ־ˡϱҶƽһ
ҶƽͷȻȥȥˡ΢ЦС˽Ҷƽ󣬱˵ҶǺá
߽Ҷƽϸع۲һֻʮ꣬ñȽϸߴ࣬ȥ棬ֻ˫С˿˲Цʱ򣬷˾Ƚ
ǹ۲һҶƽվͬ־ǰɣ
ҶƽվӭæܹȥҶƽ֡Ҷƽ˫֣Ҳֻ֣һ±ɿˡ
ɡҶƽַԸһ
С֮˿Ҷƽһʱ֪˵ʲôˣҶƽº󣬱ֱ˵ʲôʱ򵽵ʡǣ
æش絽ġ
Ҷƽͷ˵εʡҪ𣿡
Ҷƽһۣоˣ˵Ҷǣǻͬ־뵱㱨һ¹Ƕ⼸귢չĲúҵȡ˳ķչȫعɲȺŬƴĽҶļ磬ǶΪҶѼ罨ã
оԼ˵˼Ļ˵֮󣬱ǸеɶˡҶƽһ˵ͬ־ǵģأҲÿ춼ʱǣίǣǹҵУίǺҪĸɲȥ˵ΣƽίǵְǺܲ˵õģʡίίĹܲɣȫͬ־ϰնԵĸҲñȽϴˣһϺҽҪңұרųʱһʲôܽˡ


1509 
ҶƽһϲǿʼóҪҶƽ㱨Ҷƽһ˵ͬ־ҪձƣҪذ㱨һ¾ˡ
һ̰ͼСӽҶƽеҶǣԼƵĻᣬطչܣҶǷĻԸʲôģȥ󣬴һһܸˡ
ҶƽӹᣬȻù˿ǷⱾɽǳ϶ҪѲǮٿݣǷΪнƪ÷չƪũҵƪҵƪȼţȻ󻹷ֳɶов磬һ磬淭һȻԼӰ
һԼڽ׳ӲʱƬӦרѼģΪûֹȥƬҲûᵽȥ쵼ֻ쵼
ͨʽֺðҶƽ룬ûжɫҶƽ﷭ᣬû˵Ҷƽһۣʾ㱨һһЩҪƪֱۣ˵
һǿʼ㱨ѶؽķչժҪʽؽҶƽϸţʮӣûнꡣ
ҶƽֹˣˣĹҲ˽⵽һЩصľ÷չȽҵڲʱ򣬻ǺܲڿһЩʱˣҪ÷չͬʱҲҪץûҪǣҪעάȺڵ棬Ⱥܵĸ￪ĺڽҪȫ淢չֻһ棬ҪΪίһҪע⵽Щܵһίǡ
ҶƽƵĵͷţҶƽڽ̻ǱĻأ
Ҷƽһ⣬ʱҲǲˣٴˣҶƽϾʱæܽӼʮӣѾǺѵõˣøˡ
һ룬վҶǣҵĻ㱨ˣһָʾȥúʵģˣֻܲڻǩȥôһǸ˸ˣ
ĻҶƽһ룬Ȼڻд¼֣ףԸ縸ϵӹԽԽãҶƽ
Ҷƽ⼸һдñǽϣʱû뵽Ҷƽôʹؾ͸֡
ӹҶƽֵĻᣬصҶǣҴǶһٶףʱȥ
Ҷƽ˿˵ããʱһȥ
Ҷƽ˵֮󣬸еҲǸ뿪ˣҶƽҶƽ͵ſڣеܳˡ
뿪Ҷƽص칫һ飬оǸٵӣʵΪԼļ磬ôôʹ
ſ˵һЩ飬ȻҲǹȽŬƺ̫ԵڽӼȥԺ֪ôȾأ
ûȥ£һʡίԺȻԼĽγ˷ܵظԼ齲˵ҶƽӼ鿴ôˣͷȻҲǸŸˣ˵
ȵʡίԺȸسһ绰ټίǿᣬѧϰҶƽָʾ
سһǸеǳ֣֪ôһ£ΪʲôҪͻȻѧϰҶƽָʾҶƽʡίǣʡͷûٿʲôᣬίҲûзĻ˵ҪѧϰҶƽָʾôټίѧϰҶƽָʾ
سһе䣬ǲصټټˣڸճʡίԺظϣ׼ãȥԺͿѧϰ⻹𣿡
һ˵سеܾȣȻȥʡίԺѵҶƽسһ룬һʵ£װƵ˵ȲҪˣȵһȥ֪ˡ
سһͲȥˣȻ˾ǹҶ˵绰ȵس˵֮󣬱뵽Фд˵绰Ф˵ǿ˺ܶ࣬Фдʱû뵽ܼҶƽΪҶƽܼרȥ˵鶼УѵԼȥ˾У
Ȼһӵĵ绰Ȼ֪ҶƽˣеǳԾǳԳԵʵƽˣ
ЦûҶټңһĻ˴ʣû뵽ФΣҲ㣬㲻ϵ飬ǼҶǰ
һ˵ǸлФУʵҲФУΪ˼ҽϣϸ˵仰ͼˣФȥʡרŽ¶ﶼФǲûи¡
Ф֮󣬱ֻЦЦȻ˵ƽʵܺýӴģҪʱæȻĻͽӼˣϻˣ֪ƽʲôʱʱ䣬ϵȽ׼ƽ
Ф˵һ˵ǾҲǣФȻҶƽͬѧǱϾһ𰡣ǺҶƽһ֪Ҷƽʲôʱʱ䡣
Фд绰֮ǴСص˶أȻԺż뵽ʡίе£ܿûе£Ҷƽз¼ί
ص֮ٿίί飬ԱͨȥʡǽҶƽ¡ͻȻ˵ȥʡǣҼҶƽһʱΪȣС֪ؾǼҶƽһҶƽ֣ǲФаģ
ФҲ洺Ȼ˴ȥʡǣֱģȴṩ˽ϵֻţ㹻ˡ
ʮֵչʾҶƽױʣȻ˵ҶԽӼңȡҵĹ㱨Ĺ˳ֵؿ϶һⱾ˴ʣȴһ¿
˵ǰǱõ˴ǰôһȴĿһȴسسӹԺ󣬱ؿֻҶƽپּչԼǰ
سͷǸ̾ͷһֱܰԵȻ϶𾴣ʵͷȴͶˣһʡίͻȻƣ˶صļɲʡίһλᶯû뵽ȻʡǼҶƽһõҶƽʣһҶƽзί˻Ҳ
س￴˿ɵؿ޵ҶǵǲҿҪҶǵַŴȻŵίſڣǣô
سһɨһۣһû˵ʲôò飬Լ֪ôسô˵Ƕһˡ


1510 ˸س
ûӦسڨЦһ£ѻᴫݸˣҲǿһ̾һ£žٴˣһȦԼʮӣִС
ٴõᣬ˰˵ҪʡίҶǵʼУҪȫȫΪⱾҶǵʣһǧݣÿƼɲһݣҪôҶסҶǵУ
һǧݻᣬһĳɱҪһٿǮһǧǾʮǮǮ۾գȻⱾЩƼɲˣʲôҲǸøﻹȴ˾ǳҶƽʾ㹻ˡ
ؽĽӴҪһңҶǵʹȥȫظɲȺڴɿɣսСᣬϰնϺӡ˵£Ҫ
һͷû˵Ӣˣ˵Ҷƽʵ£ֽ˽ҶƽԶع϶£ȻҶƽ˵ĲڴǰȴǴؽôҸеҶƽǶԶأȻǶ˵Ĺ˳ֿ϶
аСʱﶼϸţ²ܵѵ⣬ȵһ꣬ұǲŷһ뿴
ЩƽϵĴźܶ࣬˵ʲôĶУ޷Ǽֳмί˸ˣҿûʲôίѼˣӰ첻ȫصĹ֣ҶǶصĹǳģǳ֧֣רŽӼңǶصľ޴裬йػҪĵҶǶصйػҪҪҪٿȫ쵼ɲᣬһѧϰҶǵָʾҪѧϰҶǵָʾĸ߳صĹȫƽĳɼٴҶǻ㱨
ⷬɿԺǿĻһұ̹ίĵ˲ӰȻҾô˾пģ˭Ҳ֪ĽʲôɹҶƽõҶƽʣһί˿Ҳй˼˰ɣ
Ĵ֮Ź᳹ҶƽָʾʵƤñԼС˼Ҷ׵ġ
Щ֮ɢᣬȻְФнеһһģǳȻФ˲ᣬίͻȻһϢʱһ
سӺмί˸ˣһĴߣ֮ǰǼֳֻǽӵ绰֪ͨȻȥмίмίˣֱӵǱߣӺӰ칫Ҹˡ
һسߣ£ҲؾģȻӺȴǲͬӺԭǳǽֳĸߵĴˣ˸سӺ֮ĹϵǷǳܵģӺ£ҿ϶ҪǲҪˣ
֪ϢоԼĶͷðһЩСգФǰǿб򶨣ФһʱҲ֪ʲô£Ϊί߽ǰĺģФò塣
ǣʲôˣȵίһߣФб¡
һǿЦмίڵĶҵȥίһˣί㱨һ£ȥǶصĹûˣֳˣھȻسҲˣ˵ǹô
Фʱһ˳Ϊسˣسʵ֮вͣسҪǱˣӦ˲ǡ
¬سίˣФſھʵ
һʱЦĺζ˵¬ҲסˣˣӺسˣӺһܸɵĸسھȻҲмίˣ֪мίҪЩʲôФΣҶǶصĹ˿϶ίȴǵˣƺûкʡίһ°
ʡίֱӵͬҶƽˣȻȡФеͬ飬Фһ֪˼˵ί˲֪ƽ˰ɣ֪ƽܹصĹžͲôˡ
һ룬ͷ˵ûҿҵί쵼㱨һ£ҶǼ顣
˵еһҲܵ飬Ȼسһֻ㱨飬سȴǲԸ££ȥˣԼȥˡ
سȥ㱨ĿĻԼһЩϸʾس֮Žһµģһӡ
ȻسԸȥҲûа취ֻһȥίԺԼ֡
֮ϵֵ飬ʱæأոУ·æֵһӵĵ绰ǽûʱӼ
Ǽæ˵ϵܣ鷳һǣҪ㱨ǳһʱӼҡ
ֵһǲ֣˵ʲôҪ£Ҫǳʱǽȷʵæ
һоԼѼҶƽֵһ£һ͹ȥ϶Ǽˡ
һ룬ֱ˵ʡίҶټңҪǻ㱨һ´¡
ҶǣʡίҶƽ𣿡ֵһ
ϵʡίеڶҶץ˵һʱҡ
һĿˣֵ鲻ҵΪ£ֿ϶ģּ벻Ҫϸ¡
ȥ֣ͨڼ̸ʱһ߽ȥ󣬱Ǵս߰齲һ¡
һҶƽҪ㱨ֲ룬ѵҶƽʲôҪٽһ£
ʲô飬ˣ漰ҶƽܲӼһ£ȻܼҶƽ˵мҶƽȻίǣҶƽĻǱȽ׵ģҶƽ֮䴿ǹϵҶƽϼҵίǣҶƽڶͬѧһܶ࣬˽˹ϵҲܶ࣬ͨ˽˹ϵҶƽֲһˡ
뵽ȥԱߵСȵһ£֮ȥ
һţȥ֪ͨһֹܼˣǷǳˣͬʱҲֳһ֮ɫֻҪᵽ£ֲҲ
ֻҪּͰѼҶƽúýһ£Ȼһίǵظµ飬ָԤһ£֤صȶǷǳģĻһᷢʲô޷ˣΨһǣҶƽӼҸ˴ʣһɱ
һ룬һ򶨵СֹӼ


1511 ֦
ֽӼ֮һƣؾСңһվ
һ֣Ȼһ˵ͬ־ôżʲô°
ǣģмҪ㱨һ¡ʡίҶƽרټңҸǶķչɾͻ˴ʣΪҹ㱨һ顣
˵꣬еĻύֽӹһҶƽıʼҶƽ߹Ȼ֪Ҷƽıʼʲôӣһ֪ҶƽǸصĻ˴ʡ
ֶʱʾһ֮⣬˵ͬ־ҶǻʲôָʾûУ
ҲǷǳ£̽Ҷƽ˵Щ˳ֻǰ̫ʣΪίǣ֮ǰιʡί칫Σ׼ҶƽˣһҶƽ棬˵£ǾͲˡ
Ļֱʾͬ־ҶǵָʾǳҪίҪ֯ѧϰҶǵļ磬Ҷǿ϶ϣԼļ緢չԽԽãҶǵʾΪӿ쾭÷չĳɼرҶǵйػ
صͷֶ˶˵Ҷƽʾ𵽵̫ˣֱȫͻȻӿһǿ
ǣһ㱨һ¡˵֮룬ǹʼ˵ίӺ顣
ͬ־㻹ʲô飬˵ɣֺе˵
ǣмίڵǶصĸɲҲίкǺܱո˻ڣһϵ˾ͱˣӺͬ־ǸسҲ쵼ӳԱˣҲ˵ô߾ʹˣ㣬ίû취չ˰˴ҪǴкɣҶǸոտ϶صĹڼί˾ǲǲ׵
һʱһĻмֵģ۱еָأҶƽϼңǲʲôѵ밵иҶƽ£
ֲܲɣոڶʲôֻǼί˹鶫أпԲܲʣΪ֪Ҷƽ֮ʲôϵȴóҶƽǩ֣еЩ˼ˣһҶƽ֪ίڵ鶫֮󣬸еǳأ
ǰ칫ҹĸɲڴ쵼ͼϣ϶ҪһĸɲĶ࣬Ȼڴ쵼ͼҶƽõģǳڵİ칫ҹϰߣô쵼ͼ˻ְҵϰߡ
һ룬ǸеϻҪһЩüίͣһ£ȵлҶƽ㱨⣬һҶƽͼ˵
ͬ־Ҳ֪ڼίǶ참Ҳø棬Ȼᵽ⣬ôҾȥעһ£㲻ҪʲôģŲ̫Ӱ쵽ĹȥԺ󣬸ùҪùίĹҲǿ϶ġ
һ˵ǣҲʲôģҪӰ쵽ȶӰ쵽ҵĹӺͬ־⼸ΪĹ˲ٵ˵üί˸ˣǴˣǲ̫һЩӺҲǲƽ
˿ֵͬ־֪ˣȻȥɣһͷһ顣
һŲ˵ʲô뿪ֵİ칫ҡȵ뿪Ժһ룬ȰмίǷƸйһ
ȵ֮һʣƱǸʵȫʡίίҲǲ岻ְӺȷʵмί˸ˣ׼˫ء
һоʡίˣΪʡί飬ǸҶƽͼ
Ϸϵһ۱Ҫһ档̷Ը
Ʊȥϵ۱۱ȻָӣӵƵĵ绰֮һǴӦˣίҪȻò
ֱ棬˼Ժ־Ż̸֪ʲô˼۱ֵɫ²ҪԼ̸ʲô
ǣиҪͨͨúÿһ´¡ֿ۱һ۱˵
ʲô£۱һ۱˵
ֵʡίյĿǲҪ
ӸּԼĻ㱨ڻϿȷʡίĿܾҲеԲ㱨ӺµҪԭ
Ҷƽûټһ˴ʣ£һҶƽʣϾҪأȻ쵼ϲÿҶƽõˣҪΪҶƽ࿼ǡ
ֱӵ֣۱ǲɫȻЦǣǲ鰡
æ˵ҵ飬ֲҪô죬Ҫһʱ䣡
۱һ˵˻ô
ֵ˱仯ʡίҶǵټҸصһ˴ʣոչһ㱨Ҳòͨһ顣
һͻȻ飬۱ɫҲǱˣ֪·ͬСɣʡίǸոټˣץˣڴʡίǵȻʡίǣʡίǰǼֱǲɷȥʡίǰ
ǣ£Ǿ쵽ʲôǽҰɣ۱żһʡ
ֵܣҶǵϵõģҶǵıʼмҲǰ˵⻰жϣһ־Ҷоɽ֮ǰ໥ʶڶ־˸Ҷ֮ǣߴţȻҶǼжϾǣҶ֮䲢ûʲôϵǶίǣҶǵϼҾǶأȥ㱨˼أǼ˴ʣ⻹úùѶطչáֿԶУǲһжϣҶǼʵڵģǱԴΪ⡣
һ۱۰Ͱ͵ؾţ˵ǣ°ɣҶġ
ֵʡί칫Σʡ쵼߹꣬ȻǼʶ㣬͸۱Ⱦǲ࣬һֵַȷȻҪֵɲ֦ʲô⣬֮Ҫʡڱأ


1512 Ҷƽ㱨
ְϵǽһ۱Ҷƽոռ£òҪȥҪΪ쵼ǣһʧ
۱Ļ֮󣬶ʱ߶ʾҪʡίҪ쵼ͬ־㱨ʡίҪ쵼ȷ£ʱ˵
ֿԸԼ⣬ȻǺ⣬ҲҪȥһҶƽίػ㱨һ顣
֮ʡίǳУֻǰӺ˫ˣӺмίʡίٲ֡
ʡί뿪ϢܿʹĶȻӺջǱ˫ˣΪӺ֤ȷ䣬ǰųˣֻҪǣͲʲôĵġ
ΪԲˣȻǱȽϵ⣬ܿǰҶƽһҹصҪ·ϣҶƽԶعĹģҲץ˲ٵ档
۱صʡǣڻ㱨еڸгյϣڱʾûзʲôΥΥ͵飬ʵ˻㱨ҶƽȴǽӼίҪҪ⡣
۱һ֮󣬵Ȼ˼뵽Ҷƽдڵ⣬۱ȥͬʱ»գȻûеѵҶƽָȻǵĻҶƽŲٽӼ
ûеʲô𣿡һ룬쵽̶ֳȣûҶƽҪ˼ҶƽӼһµĻôҪȡͻơ
۱һۣ˵Ȼ˾ٱǵ˰죬ǲ׽Ӱʲô⣬Ǿûж
ڿɻؿ۱һۣô˴۱ȥĲãһеڴˣҪһм쵼С
ڻ⣬ⲻǸһ룬һʱϣȷһ°ɣٿһ¡
۱һ˳ȥȵԺڰ»˹۱»вͣ»Ҫգ۱ȴûȻԸա
»֮һ룬͸ȥһƣȥһյĵףһ״ʲôأ̻棬ȻγһݲϣϱҶƽ񣬲Ȼֻǲһس޷ҶƽҲٹһ£Ҫڶ֣ýɱ
»ķԸ֮󣬱̵˵ͷӦڣǰУֱֵϵ
۱֮˰죬ҲûмҶƽ㱨£ҶƽչĻҶƽ㱨Ҷƽ㱨֮ȻҪ̬ҶƽûҶƽͼʱʱֱҶƽ㱨
ʡί˹㱨ĻҶƽ֪£Ϊ鲻
ȥҵ񽭣ҶƽͬѧôҶƽ˵һЩˣ񽭽й֮󣬱ᵽҶƽʵ£Ц˵ҶǶԶصĹǳ֧֣ίҲӦѧϰҶǵʾ
̸⣬ҶǶԶعǳӣϴȴûȥһأⲻǺ𣿡
ǰФвһҲǳƺҶƽΪҶǣʾأҲҶƽոյʱȡĽѵ
һƺһﾪˣǰϴͬҶƽӲ칤ҶƽʱȴûȥأҶƽķǳļ繤ĻӦȥؿѵȥģ˽ȴǷǳ
ǣиҪȥҶǱһ£ҶȻ˴ʣǶίƺһ⣬ʡί£ҸоҪҶǻ㱨һ¡룬źһҶƽ㱨¡
һ˵ҪһȥĻһǵġ
񽭵ĻشֵͷоȷˣȻûȥ»ʡίˡ
һʡίˣָеʡίǺչУʡί㣬ίҲûĹˡ
˼»ֵ֮ɫǲÿʡίǹҪ£ɴԱ˵¡
ǣʡίôչưʲô°һͷӡ
ԣ»һ˵ǣҹܵһ£ֻ磬˭ߡ
»һɫһ˵ʲôôܣ
»ǵͷ˵յ飬һյ£ֵȻǺܶݣΪ۱ֻһµ쵼ӳԱ飬ֱߣҲû˵ĸˣҲûʲô»һָգ֮ǰԲͬˡ
ǣʱ䲻յҲϤҪʲôЭһðŵģϣܾҪһֱȥŪûҵһСҪ󣡡Ȼ»ĵеˣǼȻҪգȻų⣬ϣʱӰ쵽еĹ
ԸЭ»ǷģҪʱ䲻ʱ䣬ֻҪҵһЩǿԻȥڶֲ֣鲻飬Ǿˡ
»Ժһ룬ǾһȥʡǣһҶƽ㱨һ¡
ҲֵͬȥҶƽʾã˱ʡǣϽϵȻ֪Ҷƽʱ䣬ǾϵҶƽİ칫ȥ
ʡίԺڵƻԻͣҶؼϢȥˣҶƽİ칫Ȼ磬ֺ֪ҪһԹ֮ǻص˰칫
ڽϵ£ֺһ߽İ칫ңˣҶƽҲûôкһָʾ˵
ҶƽɫгݣֱǸеҶƽĹѹܱȽϴ󣬸ʡ·࣬Ҷƽ˵Ҫָߣй⣬ȻǺܲˡ
ҶǣҺǹ㱨һЩ顣һºҶƽ˵
Ҷƽͷ˸յȥʲô˵ɣҪֹ֧ģһֵ֧ġ
ϵҪ漰ʡίе飬ò׼ǹҶ㱨һ£Ҳ֪ʡίǲѾ㱨ˡ


1513 ǿд
Ҷƽһ㱨Ҷƽ֮󣬲֪ʡίȥƵȥˣӦڴкԺ󣬲Żȥġ
ʱûеյ֣ĿʡίԼȥ鷢⣬ȻͼĹʡίǵġ
Ǵֻ㱨Ĺ۱֮󣬲ûеյ飬ǵҲ˽⵽һЩˣû뵽ʡί˻ע⵽ɴ˿ϵ⻹ǲٰ
ȻԼӼ˴ʣֺʡί˲òʱֹ飬еܲãû뵽ΪԼ£ѳͷ
Ҷƽһ룬еԼ±ҪһЩȻ˸ˣûģǺǼˣҪǼذɡ
Ȼȴǳ뵽ҶƽǶֵ˭ֻҪΥΥˣҾϢҽӼҸ˴ʣҪԶصģΪκεΥΥΪмίֱӾͿԲ鴦ʡί棬֣ȥԺǰ£ȻʡίͨҪмί飬ίҪʡίܲöҪǲίҪмίúÿһ£á
Ҷƽȷı̬ͷеЩҶƽҪԭ򣬻Ϊò׼Ҷƽ˼С֮ĶȾ֮ˣ֪Ҷƽ̬ȣҶƽ㱨ˡ
ҶǣһȥͰ飬⻹һ飬»ֵȥˣ˵Ҫһաֱ»еҲ˳
Ҷƽһ˵ʡܸɲʡί飬ίͲҪԤˣ鵽ʲôʡίͷȻͲöˡ
Ҷƽһ־ˣ»Ҫô飬ˣԼֻҪϺþͿˡ
Ҷƽ㱨칤վһԲû˵Ҷƽû뿪Ƕ񽭵һΣȻΪҶƽ֮ͬѧϵΪίǣʹίǣʱҲûʸʡίǣҲرܵġ
֪Ҷƽı̬֮һУȥ֮ѼίǷƸй顣
˵ҪƱ˵ǣʡίмίȲϾίǣҶй飬мί飬϶ûȰǷô죿
һ˵üͷһ£˵Ҷмί飬ô죿
һ˵Ҷǵ뷨ȻǺõģΪίмίϽҪӸˣʡί棬Ļ˵ʲôֱӲĻܻҶ˵£ǶԸ
ƵĻһΪʡίߣ֮е£ӶԸмί㼶ͣܿܲмί̫ӶмίֱӶԿĻӾǲð졣
˵ǺðɣҺ»һ£ʡίæ
뷽̸껰֮»ϵ»ʱûߣ֮ⷽ飬ʾİ۱ģӦ۱飬Ͳ̬ˡ
»̬ȣҲٶ˵ʲôо»۱֮ƺȻȻܶ˵ʲôˡ
÷ʡί㱨ʡίæȻмί뷨ȰʡίѶˡ
ֵ̰Ҫ뷨ȥԺмίԱ绰мίһˣЩҪ˽һ¡
ͷͻȻӵмίҪȥһ˵ϢеЩȣʡί˶ˣмί˻ȥмίʲô
뵽мίѴһ绰мίѽӵ绰ʾ֪ʲôʡίȷʵˣҲûٻ
Ѹֳ֮˼һᣬемίȥмίҲûʲô£Ѳɻܲ
ҶƽӼˣҿ϶Ĺ˭ҶֶöͿġ
һ룬оȻ˸ȥһмίʲô£ȫûκεĺ֮ȥȥǵġ
ܿмίмί칫μ֮󣬱ǿ֣Ȼȵһ£һ˹
мί칫ηǳ̹Ȼ˲ᣬһмίǺͼίԱ˹
һվҪǴкû뵽ǣί˹֮ȴһ࣬˿ûк˼
Щ˽⣬һˣί߹󣬱˵
ίɫ䣬˵ӲͷͲˣǽһ֧˵ʲôҺˣͷ£Ҫϻȥ
ίǵȻǺܲˣˣ˵ﲻ̸ĵطǵ̸ĵصȥ
һϱǳ˽Ҫʲô̸ĵص㣿ҸǣæúܣҸոմʡҶǶټң飬ھҪȥҶǽ£ǼȻԸ˽⣬Ҿˣǣ
ߣίȻͬ⣬סίֱӶ˵Ҹ㣬˽ίľ㲻ӣԸ
һί֣еԼȫ̶һ£ͬһսǺ򶨵˵ίʲôίҿ
ǲöԸίǸоЩʧܣǴҸ㣬ǺͷǵĹͬҪ뿴л㿴ߣ
ί˵֮󣬾ɲٿˣǼίԱǰץסǿаߡû뵽ֵܵסü˼ֻñȸмίԱȥӦȥĵط
˾ðѳͣڰ칫¥ǰΪ˵ʱ䲻ܳϾߣأһ̧ͷ˼˳۾ȥ֪ô¡
æ˳֪һһ³ǿȥФΣ
˾ĻһʱҲ֪ʲôûлӦмίԱһ˵ֹ˹˾Ҳ


1514 ǿӲ
мί˸ˣȻĵ绰ǴͨʱҲûкͱ˵Ҫȥмί˾ȻˣмίҲǰˡ
쵼£˾ǣУ˼ίĲòֹ˾ȥԺͨ籨ţŵ顣
ͷ㱨ʱǷϵˣίҲǺż˾ĵ绰ҲǴͨûиȥмίһǼίΡ
ίμæϵس鱨سسһϵˣһеȣһǰţʧˣǾǺˣһ°ܽίǵλˡ
Ȼ뷨ֻһϾ̫ˣس֮󣬱ίϵһ£ûȥ
ί֮˵ȥίĻ绰ҲܴͨҼʹֻûĻ˾ֻҲϵϰ
س飬ǸеȽأһίίϵͬʱعֳйùֳ취
ίαǼæίϵһϵίҲǲ֪ȥһ¾ͻˣֳһǸ߶ʲô˰ɣ
ίǺ˾ͬʧ˵̴˳ȥФҲĿ࣬ոܵҶƽĿ϶ôͻȻʧˣǱ˻ˣ
ҥ˵ΪˣһǱ˺ˣ˵̰ôǮηǱˣһʱ֮˵ʲôĶˡ
鷢ĵڶ죬ίڴˣһмί˰ˣһء
ФиǸе˼飬ڷͷϣмίôҶ֣ܴθе˼飬ʵϾǷˣмί˸ˡ
мί˰֮󣬱ǿʼѶηǣʲô˵һмί˵ʡίҶǽӼ϶ˣǱݺģͨҶǣҪס
һȡ̬ȣмίûа취ˣֻõȴʡί˹Ѷʡί˹֮󣬿ӲӲ
ʵȻǿӲͷҲǱȽ飬ԼԼȻҶƽӼͷл룬ҶƽӼ󣬼ί˲ҲһΪǿܻ֪ҶƽӼ¡
ڣֻҪֲ˵л߳뷨ļмί˶Կ
ƺܿʡίϵǹѶӵƵı棬֪Ҷƽϵ̬ȡ
Ҷƽ̻֮⣬ȻʡίҲûʲô˼ɵˣ۱ȥ飬׵¡
۱ڵĻǸڣһл룬ҶƽҶƽӼҿ϶˶صĹ˴ʣҪ뷨Ҷƽǩ֣֪鴦Ҷƽּ⣬ġ
һһ룬֪Ҷƽ᲻ǩʾҶƽôǩأһҶƽǩʱһӡ
ڲԸȥҶƽǩ֣۱ǲԸȥ飬һСҶƽʲôϵȻ˵Ҷƽͬ鴦ģһⲻҶƽıأ㱨ˣò̬˭֪̬ʵ˼ʾǼٵģ
ҶƽǩһʾǿѶͬʱҲҶƽҪ鴦ҶƽԸǩ֣ôҶƽҪ鴦²ı⣬참ô꣬۱ʲô鶼ˡ
۱ҪȥҶƽǩʾ룬Ǽί칫γһ潻ҶƽһҶƽ᲻ἰʱʾûУô۱ֱȥеˣôˡ
ݱܿǵҶƽİͷҶƽӵйΥ͵ı֮üͷ￴˿Ǹ֣мί鴦Ϳˣʡίô
Ҷƽôһ룬ϵĺӵ绰ڴһ绰һô¡һӵĵ绰æмίʡίģǰʡίڲܲӦǵҪ
һԭмίûʲôһȻôľίǿȥƣҲǲǿмίô
Ҷƽһ룬Ƿµ绰ڱǩ˼֣ҪʡίҪӴ󷴸ȣȫεκֻҪΥΥ˼ͣв鴦
ҶƽǩܿתʡίʡίõҶƽʾ֮󣬱ǽڵڱ۱йǩı潻
Ҷƽʾ۱УƿˣǺܸˣȥһ
۱Ҷƽʾ˹Ѻĵص㡣һʶû
۱ģһ۱˵ʡίǣʲôҪʵ쵼
һʡίǶˣеǳˣǿб򶨣ʡίҲûʲô˲ģѵʡίܴùҶƽ
һ룬ǳ˵ʵľ˰ͨФУФȥʡҶƽȻҶƽˡ
Ȼȥûȥ˵飬۱֮ؿʲôʲôͽʲô⣬ҪŶԿ֯飬ֻѰ·
ԵĻˣҪǺµĻͳˣ۱һ
̬ȣ۱֪һݽɫöԸ뵽۱ĸǰضסһԼǷҲǶ۱
̬ȼֱһˣȻ۱ȴûа취ͻȻһӵŵĺģ
һ£漴صǶصĴ󹦳ʡίҶǶңңݺⲻţĵ˽ؿ
̬ȣֱӰ۱ӼŭˣֱӰҶƽǩıһ˦ŭ㵽ǲǹǲ˽Լ
ǰûȥŲῴЩʲӣͿ۱ʲô취Ѷ
ȥǷݱ棬۱ֻðǷݱȻŵǰִصúÿҶǵǩ֣㻹ʲô˵ģ㻹翹ʲô㣬ûҶǵʾҶ㣬ڼȻˣͱŴ߳ȥ


1515 Ⱥ֮
۱ѱ淭Ҷƽǩ֣Ŵսȥһ濴Ҷƽǩ֡ҶƽǩֵıʼǼģһɵˣѵ˵Ҷƽί鴦Ҷƽô֪ʲô£ѵʡί㱨ģһԭݱ治ʡί
ʡίרʲô˼һίǹʡίһʱĬ۱һ֪ʱЩҡˣϾҶƽǩʾǻߵҪֻҪټӴһȣ߽ױ
ҪҶǣ˶һʼ٣еԼѾ·ˣȴͻȻ⣬·𿴵һ⡣
Ϊ˭Ҷǵױǩ־㻹ź˶ҶǵıʼҿǲƺĲҸ㣬Ҫ̬ȣֻܼУ۱еǳŭˣس
ܵصһ֪Ҷƽ˶Աʼ뷨ǻģʵͼҶƽܾϾǶصίǰҶƽѵһҲ˼ⷽ
һڵͷ䣬Ҷƽױǩֳ׻ķߣûκΰ취ˣֻгصΥΥʵȡһõ̬ȡ
˫鴦ܿ촫أһ֪Ϣкֳܶƿ죬⼸꣬ȻƶسǵĽ裬ҲӺ˲ٵˣЩ֪ץˣȻǷǳˣȻҲΪеϧģôһܸµˣȻȴˣܲ˵ϧ
鴦֮سίǣسǰһֱܵѹƣڿüˡ
سί֪֮ίǵԣΪҶƽϼģͷʲô£Ҷƽµһʱͻ֪ΪҶƽ˶డ
ˣ;öίλӲøɣɺȻû˵ɲˣҶƽһ֪ǻ鷳ίǺʮСĽԴФſҶƽͬѧڡ
ſһЩһԭФнӴ϶תſѺ
ФһͷǲˣȻҪſҲǲãֻÿſسĹϵԽԽˡ
سſ˺ãʲôҪ¶ҪſſǳԼȻǷǳˣⲻ֧Ĺʱһ˹ϵǷǳˡ
ϵһܣسҲҶƽһ棬ֻҪҶƽһ棬ôͷͷλԵúܸˣһǳÿЧ档
س뷨֮󣬱Ǹſſ뷨֮󣬱룬鲻żõȵʱСҶƽӼˣҶƽûӰ鲻ܼ
سһſɫһ£ſеˣǸܷӣǰ
Ȼˣſû̴ӦҪֻǴӦҶƽϵһ£һҶƽʲôԸȻǺܺˣԸҲҪ̫ʧ
һسǺܸˣֻҪܴﵽĿľͿˣҪ֣Ҷƽ档
鴦ҶƽͷٸеЩˣΪϼҰϼҳһܷӣ֮ǰӼˣ鴫ȥһõӰȻˣҲýʲôˣ˾Ҫ鴦
۱˲鴦֮ǻʡίȥˣ»֮ܵյҲǻȥȥˡ
ҶƽʵĵյȻʡίȴǲ鴦ʱôʡίûʲôеܲ⣬ʡίȥ׼Ժ˵һ˵¡
ûü˵ڱǴ»һİ칫ң㱨յ顣
Ҷƽһʱ֪Ҫ㱨ʲô£ǿ¡ں»֮󣬱Ҷƽ㱨յ顣
һԼ㱨յ飬Ҷƽһû汧ԹʡίΪ
ϵ鲻ٰ֮ǰΪʲôûз»֮Ҷƽʵ
һҶƽ£»о٣Ҷƽǰ۱һ״۱һֱìܣ۱ƽʱǿƣЩ㲻ʡί쵼а취⵹
һ룬»ҲڳǶҶƽ˵Ҷǣ֮ǰҲǽӵٱ۱רȥƵգȴûʲôַǵָʾȥеŲ鵽ЩȽϴ¾ȥе飬ǲ鲻
»ר۱һר۱ǰʹɫΪҶƽǰãԵʡίڲŽᣬʡίûӡ
Ȼ»Ҫ۱Ըڵɫִ˵۱һЩҶƽ̲׽ⷽϢ˵ô˵֮ǰɹȥƵǲ˵֮ȥģ
»Ǵǰȥġ
ڲ廰Ҷǣģҽе֮Ұ۱ȥƵյΪоٱϣ֪ˣڱˣջûв鴦ӡ
ڵĻҶƽʵ۱ΪʲôûвյǸǱߵĹ𣿡
һҶƽʵˣֻ˵ǱߵĹģȥģ»ȥеġ
˿һۣҶƽһ˵»ͬ־ȻȥɣյİӾͽǵϼңһҪúò飬ΥΥͣϢ
Ҷƽ»뿪Ҫ̸£»һæӦһ߳ȥˣеղŵĻҶƽһȥˣߣ˵Ǻ˵һ˵۱¡
»²û֮ҶƽǶڵͬ־ίרץɵģίɲʲô⣬ǽӰܶӵģ۱רŸǱߵĹȴǲ鲻յ⣬ܷҪעһ飬ίоԲֺȺ֮Ҫеһ飬۱ǺȺ֮Ҫ鴦
ҶƽȷԼһһæ˵Ҷǣʱò飬ʱò飬֮۱ڻʲô⡣
ڣǲһⰡͬ־ҲǸɹͼ칤ˣҪĴͷǺúõһΪãҪŪýҶƽĳض˵


1516 »Ļ㱨
Ҷƽͷ۱ӡʱ»ǰ飬Ȼ֪ΪʡίǣλӸ߸ϣһ˽ӴЩϢһҲᴫĶȫʡôɲȫ֪ǵ
֪ЩɲģȻ֯ͼίˣ֯ƽʱҪɲһЩɲӦ˵ָƣǻ᲻ϱ߲쵼Ͳ˵ˡίÿҪӴԸɲľٱҲ˽һЩɲһҲϱ߲쵼ҶƽȻ޷֪
ȻϵܣͻһЩϢ֪ЩϢȻҪ֪۱ˣôȻͲ֮
Ҷƽ̸˰ĻҪһ飬ίдںȺ֮ԲܹϢ
ҶƽĻ֮ʵͷԸȥ飬Ϊ۱ʲôԼίһͬҲһԸάڵʡίɲȶʲô顣
ˣȻϴӦҶƽҪ󣬵ǻȥԺûвȡʲô»ûʲôȻǺʧΪҶƽûҪʲô¡
Ҷƽյе飬ڻȥԺٿʡίίо飬ίϣ»۲һ۱ı飬ıǳ죬оСһ֮ʲôϵ
ҪղȡʩʱԸȥΪֹܵĵطҪȥ顣
һ۱Ҫ飬»˵ˣ˵ȥƵģ黹ȽϺã鷳ˡ
»һҪԣ۱ͷȻǲãǹЦЦǣôһǱ߿ҷֹܵģôͼԳأ
»ӦʵһֱڶȻֹǱߵĹܰҲ˳µ£
»۱Ȼڿ˵ǾͲҪˣ˹ͬȥɣ»֮ǰȥһЩһֱֹƣһɣ
һۣһ飬۱ȻЩԸ⣬ܲڵĻͬʱ»Ҳ⣬Ҳòڵָʾ
һȥ飬֮󣬱ȿʼ̸ȵõص֤֮󣬾Ͷղȡʩ
»۱֮Ƕ϶Ȼ޷ϣյ鶼۱Ե»޷һЩ顣
»ȻǷǳһ۱ŰƲȻһЩϴûаյһ֮Źᡣ
۱ϣ»Ų۱֮Ĺϵ»ȥյʲôΥΥ͵飬רȥЩ֮ìܵˣЩյǣѹǣҵЩ˿֪ܵյһЩ飬һ浽ʲô
򲻸ˣ»ͨеĵ飬ܿ˹չìܵ˶˵Щһֱûг£Ҫˣе˵ʡίˣе˵ʡίˣһ˷ӳ˵һ۵ļίԱչϵУίԱյܵܵĹ˾йɷݣ֮ͬѧϵ
۱֮ͬѧϵһ֮ǰûκεķӳ۱ҲûнӳʡίȻӵ飬ǵΪ
»һ룬ǲٴк۱ϵ飬Ǹ۱Ҫʡǣͽˡ
۱˿Ҳûȥزʡǣ»ƶ˵ãһȫˡ
»صʡ֮Ҫ˭㱨еڶ鲻ģ۱ܻαװǰΪɣڼʹ֪ҲδԸȥ£ȥðٻ㱨ڲʲô壬뷨ֱҶƽ㱨
ôеҶƽǱȽϸģʡʡίԺֱҪʡί鴦еĸɲ˿û̻Լɲ뷨쵼һǺܼԭģҶƽιίǣ԰ǳע㱨飬ԵõҶƽ֧֡
һ룬»ȥһҶƽȻҪҶƽͿԼģȵõҶƽС
»֮ǰ֪ҶƽϾǽĵܵܣϵýæϵϣͨϲܼҶƽ
»֮ǰæһҵ㣬ȻͲȴΪ»ҪҶƽһŽӽҶƽȻϣõҶƽʶҪ֪ȫʡĸɲһҶƽ棬졣
һ룬ǺͽϽϵһ˵飬»ҪҶƽʲô£Ҷƽ㱨
һ»ý߽ϣ˵ҪҪҶǻ㱨һǴӦҶƽ㱨һ£»ĵ绰
֪Ժ󣬱Ҷƽ㱨һ»Ҫ顣»˵ҪҪ㱨Ҷƽһ£Ҫ֪»ֻʡίǣʡίʲôҪҪ㱨Ӧڹ㱨ǣȻ»ȴҪ㱨Ҫ飬ȻЩģ˵ˣ»ҪԽ㱨
ٳһ㲻Խ㱨Ϊһϵе⣬ȻҶƽԴ˲ΪȻ֮ǰȥȡһЩʵԽ㱨ʲô㱨ѵ㱨
һ飬ҶƽǸ߽ϣ»㵽칫һ£Ǹʱʱ䡣
ҶƽĻ֮󣬽̸»绰ʱҶƽİ칫ҶƽԸ»ȻǷǳˣ̴Ӧ
ʱ»ǰҶƽİ칫¥ϵһ£ǵҶƽԱߵİ칫ҵšȵҶƽ칫֮󣬽һ㱨»İ칫ҡ
»Ҷƽİ칫֮󣬱ǿҶƽȻ˵
»ҶƽһۣȻҶƽӸһ֧̣æסˣȻҶƽ̡
Ҷƽһۣûֹ֮ҶƽǺɵض˵»ͬ־ʲô£
Ҷƽ»̶˶ӣҶƽ˵Ҷǣ㱨һ۱飬۱֮Ĺϵ


1517 ίǻ
»۱֮ͬѧϵԼյܹܵ˾ɵ鶼ҶƽҶƽﾲ»Ļ㱨ĿЩʵڳ˼
ȵ»㱨֮Ҷƽ˿˵»ͬ־ͬ־֪֪飿
»һһ˵һûǻ㱨飬ǳŲԸȥ飬ֻù㱨
»Ҷƽ֪ڻȥ֮󣬲ûаἰ۱鵱£Ļ۱ȥˡ
еڴʡίλȷʵʣĳ̫²ʡίӦϲУȻƺûϣ֮ԻΪڵʡίǵʱ򣬹ѡ˵μίǵԵʰɣ
̬ȲҲٶڴˣ뷨ڸߣٴڼίǵλϡ
ʵίھߣķչ⣬һʱûίǵѡǰʡǵķչ̫ȵ飬ڼҪΰȫʡĸɲٺãҪ᳹뾫ٺøɲ⡣
ˣʡίһְǷǳҪڱҪڵλӸˡȻҪڵһɣ»ṩʵһܺõɡ
һ飬ҶƽûжɫǶ»˵»ͬ־˽ˣȻȥɣһŵġ
Ҷƽ»ȥˣ»͸˼Ҳ͸˼룬վˡ
»֮Ҷƽǿһ⣬룬԰ڸʡЭʡ˴ȥڵҲˣ˾ӶҲǺ飬Ҳ᲻ͬ뿪ʡί
ڸʡ˴ʡЭ֮˭ʡίأĿʡڻûϿɵѡðĿƳʡ⡣
һҶƽǿǰѹάʡίǣֵеίԺǵʡί칫ˡ
֮Ҷƽ²ֱǸ˳һЩˣҿѷȻ֪ľţʡί칫ڣᶼС﷽ԷʱҲǺСġ
ҶƽٰѹάĻôڰʡ²ֽӲһˡͷ뷨Ҷƽ׼ʵʩ뷨ѹά
»ȥԺҲûиڻ㱨£ֻǸڽյ۱ɣˡԸˣڿۣҲûнʲôԸȥͲˡ
һ£άȻûе۱ûаյףҲһֱûжղȡʲôʩֵ鷽ҲȥˣרŰ۱й׹չʲô̶ˡ
£۱ǸĿǰҪΥͣҲ˵ڵθгڼΥ̣ûְȨ˻¸ΥΪ˶գԵڴ֣ȥĸгһְҪȡ˫ʩ
۱һ˻㱨ڱǰŰɣ۱ģʹҲûݣ»ȥưеҲֻǲ鵽ΥΪı飬ʲôܻߺΥΥ͵Ҫ˫Ժܵ
һҿҺҶǻ㱨һ顣ڱ۱ŵ
۱İ֮ͷǷĶˣǾ˴ְֻǶıˡ
۱ܿǰصıдˣд֮ǳʱڣڽӵԺ˿ͷ˰죬֪۱һǴбˣҲĺܣֻûе͸ˣ۱ôʡίǣҪһЩӡ
ݱ֮ڱҪҶƽһҶƽͬ⣬ٿʡίίԴ֣Ȼʡίȥյְ
Ĵ㣬ǻûüȥʵʩͻȻ鲿绰֪ͨȥ̸ӵ绰ڱǸеͻȻ鲿ʱ̸ʲô
ӵ鲿绰֪ͨԺڼæǰ鲿һ·ϵ˼飬ŵʲô֮鲿쵼İ칫ҡ
֮Ƿмί쵼ͬ־Ҳڣмί쵼ͬ־ҲڣڱǸеЩˣһйְ䶯£Ȼмί쵼Ҳ鲿쵼һ̸
ȵ֮鲿쵼Ŵʽ̸ΰʡίίίһְΰʡЭϯ
һԼô͵ʡЭθϯˣڸеЩ⣬Ϊʮ꣬ʡɲʮҪ˳һ쵼λ˴ЭȥְȻڻʮ꣬ûбҪô͵ģǰ˳һ쵼λˣⱳһԭġ
ⲿڵ仹ʮ꣬ھҪЭȥְ𣿡ڲһ鲿쵼
ⲿͬ־Ӱʡ쵼ӽֳľʮ겻аʱ䣬ǰ˵ҲǺ£λøһЩͬ־԰ʡĹҲһٽ㵽Э֮󣬻ǿԷ쵼õģȥԺǵʡЭȥɣѾͨʡίˣʡίᰲ㵽µĸλȥ
鲿쵼һ˽ڸеҲ޻˵ˣһҪأһҲ֪Ϣеһ˿˿죬ȻҪְΪʲôȲͨأһ˼׼ҲûС
мί쵼ҲǺ̸˻϶ڰʡίĹǳڹϵҪڽͼλҪҲǼίҪ
仰ͻȻʶʲôڰʡίĹ⣬˵ûҶƽ⣬Żᵼ³Ļʱ벻ְġ
һ룬Ҳûٶིʲô뿪ͼλǳ飬ڼͼ칤λҲǸеѹܴ󣬴¼ͼ칤ʵʺԸִֻҪһְǿܵģĻ¼ͼ칤ġ
ǰǽ̸ʱ򣬹άҲӵ鲿ĵ绰ڲͬǣά֪һȥ鲿Ҫʲô֮ǰҶƽͨ˵绰ҰԼ뷨ˣһҶƽҪʡάеͦ˵ģһֱ¹ȴ¼ͼ칤еǳʣҶƽ¹Ҳһ£ȻǺܸ˵ؽҶƽ룬ͬ⵽ʡ


1518 ά
빫άǰŵ鲿쵼̸ʡί֯ϱӵϢ鲿Ǽ档
ϱʡί֯鲿ҪڰʡְҪϣϱ֮ǰҲû˵ְϻʲô䶯鲿֮ŵ֪ڲٵμίˣ֮ǸеܾȣΪ֮ǰûʲôϢͻȻˣίôش£ʡί֯Ȼ֪ڵְ񱻵á
֪ʡίλǲϸԴʡίԺȫʡϹԱŲ鴦һʡݣĳɼʵǲֵһᡣ鲻ܷǾǼίܣ˵طûиܷӣĳɼȻмί⡣
Ȼмίֻһ棬ΪǵĴڣʹмί⣬ҲҪһǵڼʡίǣȻˣҶƽʡίǣ¾Ͳôչ˰ɣ
ϱԼԼڵҶƽйأְ֪ľȻԶڸ۶ĹάʱһȫˣһεµȫҶƽڱģҶƽڲ֮һʡίǵְɼҶƽʡίǵ
ҲʶһˣͷЩˣȻίǵְеνҶƽȲкֱӽְȥˣٻе졣Ȼ֮ǰҶƽİҲûиأûȥʵҶƽָʾ
һص˰ʡϱȥ¥ҶƽҶƽڰ칫ǣҶƽİ칫֮ϱ
ҶƽȻ֪飬һ˵鲿쵼ҽˣͬ־ȥʡЭάͬ־Ӽίǵְ鲿мί쵼ǰʡһֹģͬ־ڼίǵλϹ꣬࣬ȥЭ֮ͿԺúϢһ£ȻʡίʡҪ鰲ŵĻͬ־Ҫ෢һȣͬʡĹá
Ҷƽһ˵Ļ˾ȶεĵҲһ֪Ȼǲܵģ֮ͷȻ죬ˣûбҪҶƽʲô죬Ա˵лҶǹңҴӼίǵĸλҵԸҲʺϵЭ鲿ŹԺҶʲôžܷԸˣһз֯š
Ҷƽûȥϣղˣڿ϶뿪ίǵλӣǸڵӣҲ֪ҶƽΪʲôְ񣬵Ҷƽ˵ҲȻװ֪ˡ
úϲһάͬ־ͷͬ־ΰɣ콻ӹҶƽϱԸһ¡
ҶƽڰڵʡЭϣڴ֮ǰпˣǲҪȥΣΪʸϣӼίֻǵʡЭθϯûнȥΣǰοһ£ӡ
Ǻתһ룬Ÿ˭ӵ⣬ڵĹɫԼȥΣ˾ƺǷʲôģԷһ£ȥΣֻԺϱȥʡЭˣάҲˡ
ҶƽһţϱǴӦں͹άתߣҶƽס˹άҪ̸̸
ϱԺȥȥʡЭΣԺȻҲ֪飬ڵ֪뿪ʡίȥʡЭְȻҲǸеͻȻڵ뿪˸еܾȣȻʡίĹôȴһˣʡίźܺõĿڱ
ȻίĲϺˣϺ˾ûѹãΪίһִ͵ĲţҪѼɹãҪϺˣ϶ǲеġ
ȻҲҶƽûкͨڸߵеҶƽҲйܸɲҲ˵ʡί޷ֱӵҶƽҲûȨֱӵҶƽҪڣҲֻȥ鲿쵼ʲô
ȥʡЭȥˣҶƽ빫ά̸һЩ飬ѵǰһЩάһάͷӦȻҪҶƽģҶƽȫʡĹãҶƽ֮ԻڴʡίǵλӸȻҲΪڵĹҶƽ⡣
Ҷƽ빫ά̸껰֮󣬱Ժϱѹά͵ʡίȥΡ»Ҷƽ㱨֮󣬿ɶҲûУûе۱ְҲûаһ۱ȴ˵۱ҪյϽ᰸϶ֻ΢Υͣûʲô⣬ڵҪҶƽ㱨ء
һ»ǸеƣѵҶƽȥҶƽ㱨Ҷƽûзϣܷ
ʱ˵ڱʡίһְʡµһίǣеǳ𾪣û뵽Ĵڱû뵽ġ
ôڱûʲôΪʡίܸߣԴºͣȻͻȻʡЭȥְˣʡЭһϵĲţһƽʡЭǱȻǸʡļ
»²ĴֱʵһҶƽйأʹڵְҲҪҶƽҶƽûȥ۱ֱӰʡί쵼Ӹˡ
ʡίǿҶƽţΪҶƽһֱһȴǵȻҶƽ֮ŲͬѰĹϵ
ʡίٿ쵼ɲᣬԺϱһͬμίǹˣ»۱ȼίǳӭӣͬʱڻάְ
һεµʡίصĸɲȻҲûʲô˵ģ漰ʡɲĵǵȻûжٹϵڵĵԼάĵɻȥһЩ顣
»ҲŹάԺ빫άȥȥӳ۱Ҷƽ᲻άһЩ顣۱˼ίǣǵյ˹أûжིʲôȻѾˣ֮ǰ϶ˣҪµļίǻ㱨£һò׼μίǵˡ
һһʡίصĸɲŽάҶƽʮŵܵõάʶҲǼܵõҶƽʶˣֻҪάҶƽǰ˵˵ʡίصĸɲξ׵ĺˣԶ׼顣
˭ԼҪ쵼Ҫ쵼֮ϵܣΪĻŸɲξǱȽһЩֻҪ쵼˭ֻҪ͸Ҫ쵼˵һǿˡ


1519 Ľ
άʽʡίǣεһǰ»й̸»еܳоάǳάԭ᲻ҶƽйأЩö֪ǸоҶƽйأȻάΪʲôһξټְλ۱һЩ۱Ǽίǣλߡ
άеԼİ칫Ժ󣬱ѯһЩίڲ飬»ǰ㱨ˡ㱨Ժ󣬹άǸڼίڲฺһЩΣͬѼίĹá
άʾǹάغӣ»ͷȻǷǳˣȥԺ󣬱ԺϹάĹ
۱άİ칫һ㱨յ飬һ㱨յ飬ά𱨸濴˿Ǹ֪ˣʱһŰɡ
άҪô飬֪ʲô˼һ£۱ֻ뿪˹άİ칫ҡ
յ飬ҶƽѸ˵ף۱ȴǹ㱨£ȻǴᴦĽ飬ȥ˳۱˼
ʵҶƽĵһ£뷨۱ʡίأŵȥ۱ȥ֮뷨µյ
ֻոʡίأҪʡίڲİʱóôȵϤԺ󣬱ǻʡίʡί۱ְ񣬽ɶʡίڲƿء
ҶƽͻȻӵĽĵ绰ĽóʱûϵˣΪϻƣԴ뿪ʡ֮Ľǲٴˣ˵ҪҪǵӰ⣬ΪְλߣǸһŮˣɻúܶ˻ɵģĽûٸȥȥ۶ֻǰ˽밲ʡ
Ҷƽֻص˰ʡĽƽʱҪھǣǴʱҲǹһҶƽɰɡ
ӵĽĵ绰ҶƽԼİ칫ңýϳȥҶƽķԸϱǸеҶƽ˲򵥣ȻҶƽȥˡ
ĽܿҶƽİ칫ңһҶƽ֣ҶƽҪҲ֣ĽȴͻȻſ˫ӵ
ҶƽһЦֻýӵȻһԱߵɳϡ
þû˰ôŵҰҶƽýϸĽһˮȻЦ˵
ĽһһЦûҰ㹤æҲһֱûϵأҲϵңǰҸˣ
ĽģҶƽʱЦôأˣû㣬ҲûҵĽ찡ڲʱǰ˲ٵæ
ǵò飬ĽЦȥ㻹ǵãΪأ
ҶƽЦôǰʲôˣЩҲڰߵô
Ľ⻹аɣʡǵĻôãű۸أ
ܱ۸˭۸㣿ңҰҶƽЦ˵
ĽƽǺ˵ģû㿪ЦйֳĹأҸոµĵأСӷҪҳóҲðұСӺܲ˵ûڲ˵ĹϵҲͷҲȥҵıҲô
Ȼ£ҶƽЩȵ˵ֳʲô֣
ɣӽɣθгأĽһ
Ҷƽһüͷ˵Сţ
Ľǲ֪ߵغұм˵һ£Ҳ֪ҵһ룬ڵʡίˣֻм˸˵һ£Ǿ̫ˣӱ丸ţܺȥ𣿡
ҶƽһǵͷõôһһʡУгǾʡίĸɲȻίҲҪίھʡίίɣҪõھ֧֡
ҹܶˣȥøﻹҪʲô飬һͷ˺úòһ顣Ҷƽ˵
ĽҲ̫ϣʰˣһģҪ֪£ЩܻļһúݺݵΡ
Ҷƽ˵ͷĽһ۵ƽΪƼһ˲š
ʲô˲ţҶƽʵ
һԶأίǽãѽʮˣ߰ίˣһֱϲܿҪ˴Эˣɼǳ㣬Ȼڻֻһɲ̫ϧˣĸɲ᲻ʡίΰƼһ¡ĽƼ
ǸʡУֱϽίԼֱظ˶ǸίسȻûΪеڸʡҲ߰
ΪίҲֻشɲĽԶҵʱʶΪɣҵҵһֱȥ˺ͬ飬ھҶƽǰƼһ¡
ĽƼãҶƽȻһ£ǾʲôҪ˽⣬ĽˣӦǴ
߰ίҲټͷҺί˵һһʲôҶƽǶĽ˵
ĽΪֱ̫ͷθıȽ˲ˣһεĹؼʱ̣˹״ȻС쵼ǰ˵Ļһֱ᲻ȥ㿴ز㿪Ƿ۲ϵǣԶȴһֱƽȣⶼõĹͣҲһЩز̵棬Щزͨ쵼ǰһҩ͹һģгƽ֧ίҲͱˣҺͬҲ쵼ǰ˵һ˵ĺû˰ίǵλӶŪˡ
ĽһҶƽ֮һأ˵ʡĸɲҲ⣬ɲϲǲ֯ŵԭ𣿵ȻҲܲȫ֯ţϾ֯ҲҪ쵼ģӺܿھϡ
ȻŹǺܹŵ飬ǳã㲻ңһ治֪飬ǵĸɲûǴһЩ׶ˣ˲ӱһֵо飬ǲ˲ϲӹռλӡ
ҶƽһĽЦƽֻ㷴ӳһ飬ôʡίǵˣ㷴ӳúÿһ°ɣϵ飬ҲҪգ˴˵л


1520 ۱
άʡί֯򱨸棬ίɲнҪ۱ʡ絣ΣѽѼμίǡ
άһ潻ʡί֯֯ϱ򿴵󣬱ǴüͷôشôύӦֱҶƽ㱨άҶƽĸڰѱ潻ʲô˼أ
ϱüͷ£룬ùάְԱˣȻٵĻ۱Ըȥʡְô죿Ȼʡһ֣ڼίֻǶ֣ʡûʲôȨıȵüίǼֳȨ۱ȥһǹά۱ˡ
Ȼڵĸɲǰľ͵ģɲʱȶᵽ֯ңҪøɲҪһɲ˼빤ñɲԼġ
ϱ˰죬ֻűȥҶƽ൱һתվҪ鱨Ҷƽ
ϱҰ㱨ҶƽǸҪʡίĽ飬֯ʡίίоɰɡ
ҶƽĻϱǸеҶƽ֪ģعάҶƽ㱨ˣȻҶƽôֱ˵رʾͬ⹫άĽ飿
۱ùάˣҲҶƽˣһ۱պ֪ôأ
ϱһֲõԤУûȥ飬۱ôûйϵֻҪ۱ʡȥͿˡ
ϱȥԺ󣬱øɲԱóķύооһ¶۱ˡ
۱һ˵ԼҪʡ絣Σͷǿһ£òãһ룬֪ô죬ʡί֯ȻҪĵ˭ڱģ
۱Źϵ˽飬֪ܿ˱ԭǹάıҪģάʡίͶˡ
άļίǣΪ٣ͷȻǺܼɵطʵɣҪȻ滹ûأ
۱оԼԴУҪ빫ά̸һ飬ǰ죬ȥҹά
۱άİ칫ңҪ̸һ̸飬ȵһſ˵£ά˵ͬ־㲻ңҲ׼̸̸أʡίˣȥһ£Ը˳ɳ˵һ£ʡҲʡֱز֮һȥǱ߾ǵһ֣ȥһˣʡί֯ͨҪһͬ־ȷεְģ֯ţ֯ǲ˵ǲǣ
άһ۱ͷģǹάߵģȴ˵ôȻܴάĻĻûʡίˣίǹϵŪˣԺôչôʡί
ǣ֮ǰûнӴʡĹҹȥⲻǸѼϼҪ뿪ʡίĻܻܲһط۱Ǻ͹ά
άһ˵ʡί֯£ֻܸʡί֯Ὠ飬ΣҲȷҲҪʲôǣʡܺõҪڹȥſһǳҪĲţɲҪС
άһ۱ͷǰ̹άǹȥƻʱȻǷǳĲţʲôʳ֡磬ţĺܣȻŻʲô˭Ըȥֲȥһ֣
ǣʡίô꣬ûйҲпͣܲ˼ҿҵЦɣ۱Թά
۱ʡίȷʵŪã˲˶ţʡ磬¾ûˡ
άһǶ˵ͬ־ÿ˵ĹλǲͬģϵҪ쵼µɨֵ๤ûʲôߵ͹֣֮οǵʡ統Σô˿Цأѵ㵱ʡΣ˾ͻƲ㣬۹⿴㣿ܵҪȷ˵ְ⣬ǶͨĹߣûʲôȨ
۱һ˵۱ɫͨ죬ȥʡȥȻȴûޣһޱԼˣеƣͬʱҲеûа취
ǣʡίڲҲСˣɲС˵۱һ룬˵Ļ
άһǳͬ־˵ʲôʲôС˲С˵ģ㲻ҪҲ²⣬һְҲȥʲôС˵Ļˣȥɣְջ᲻Ҫʡίίоġ
άһ˵۱ֻˣ빫άֻҪάľһ޷˵άģֻͽάķС
ȻʡίίҪоҪҪȥһԺأԺ֧쵼һʡίǣҪҪȥһأ
۱˹άİ칫֮󣬱뵽飬һСʱоҪȥһԺҪ˰˵Ȼɾ׸ˣıʡȥΣ϶˵Ц
һ۱ϵʱԺļУ֮ǰĴ϶࣬Ժϰһк˵ˡ
۱ڲڣԺϰһŬԺ鷿档
۱æ˹ȥÿţԺڴϻ۾飬ˣʾ¡
ǣҹ۱æС˵
Ժ̧ͷ˿˵ôң°
۱һ۵ǣе뷨̸̸Ҳûʲô¡
Ժһ˵ʲô뷨ôάͬ־̸쵼
Һ͹̸ûʲô۱˵
Ժе˵ôһ£ʲô뷨˵ɣ
۱֮󣬱ǰʡί֯Ҫְ½˳һ£ԺȻüͷüͷ۱Ǹ˵ǣңңʡίǶ꣬ôĴҪͷŪʡίⲻǹӲҪΪ˵乫ƽȻԺûˣ
۱һԺ̧ͷһۣһ룬˵ϱûкͨͷ˽һٺ̸òãҪǵֻҪά⣬ʡίҲû˼ˣǲǣҪǺã
۱֪˼ǰҵʡⲻǹȥһһĵطҲô
۱һԺҹһ£ȱżʡίίỹûпأ


1521 Ҫ
۱ȥԺЭ£Ժ֮󣬿һ⣬ʡί֯Ʋ۱ȻҶƽ⣬ΪʡίǣȻԭǵʡίʱǳãҶƽ֮󣬸Ǽˣ⵱ȻҶƽᣬʢźܴĹϵԼ鲻ˣֻܰҪ¡
ˣҶƽ¶Ҫ۱޷ֹģ۱ҵˣҪǲ뷨۱һ£ҲԵʡί̫ûӰˣôʡίǰְҶƽҲҪһɣ
Ժϰ֮ȰϱйһҪϱЭһ£ϱһôĴǷǳġ
ϱ֮һ£ǸҶƽ㱨Ҷƽǳӣ򱨵ʡίίоڿûֹͣˡ
Ժ֮˵ϣǹάԸ۱ڼίˣҲܾǷҪٿİ⣿
Ժ˽ϱȻ֪Ϊ۱˵仰Ȼ֮ǰѾҶƽ㱨ˣҪ¿۱ĵ⣬ʱҶƽͣ
ǣҶѾŹˣٸıЩѶȣϱԺ˵
Ժ˵ڻûٿʡίίᣬʱ仹üҾ۱ʡίǱȽʵģʡȥʣ֯ҪԸɲΣ㻹Ҷǻ㱨һ£ܲٵһ£˵۱ͨЩλȥʡίѾ˷ˣٵʡȥǾͻΪЦˣҪԸɲΰ
һԺ̬ȣϱһ룬ԺϾʡίǣ֮ϵԺȻǾҶƽ㱨һ£һҶƽͬⲻͬ⡣
˼죬ϱȥҶƽ㱨£˵£֪ԺΪ۱˵顣Ҷƽһʱû˵һŶϱ˵ʡͨϹ˻ûе䣬ڰŵܲΪ˰۱ͨɣ۱ҪǣϹ˵ҪҪǣϱͬ־ڸɲϣҪ˵ǿһ£ǲʵʵǾͲ˵ǲǣ
ҶƽûаԺ̫£ϱһ˵ҵʱҲǽˣ˵۱ʡίô꣬ҪչһԲģʵҲû̫˼
˿ϱҶƽǱȥһ£㻹ǰԭˡ
ϱֻôӦҶƽҪȻҶƽһ룬ѹάȽ˹άǷԸһ£Ȼάˡ
ֹ죬ҶƽԺеԼİ칫ר̸۱飬ȵԺ֮ҶƽǰѹάݽĲϽһ¡
άĲһݾܵĲϣ漰۱ҵӪ飬δ飿
ԺһһʱɵˣЩ۱˵ˣΪĲеѿһʱ֮뱻ˣҶƽδⲻǳ
Ҷǣݲʵ𣿡Ժʵ
Ҷƽȫһݾٱˣʲôͽ飿
ҶƽԺһԺ۱Ǽίˣô˾ٱأ
ҶƽίҲˣҲʲôΥΥ͵£һҪ鴦ʡί̬Ҫȷʡίǣһ¿ɣ
Ժüͷе۱ĻԤһشʧû۱õĵλ۱վ
ҶǣҾÿһ۱ˣǷҵӪǺϷͶʵĻ΢ΥͣûʲôĴһ£ѹɷݳͿˣȻδʡίչ涨Ժûа취ֻش
ҶƽУɣάЭ⣬Ȼ۱ְҲõˡ
Ժڽһֵɽû뵽ŪһɲȻһӵĵ飬۱Ūɳ׾ˣʹؽܵ⡣
ûа취ҶƽİţܾȻܵҶƽģ˭ֻʡίǣʡίǽ飬ܲȥ죬оԼЩˡ
Ժ뿪Ҷƽİ칫֮һε飬ֻǼһʣҲܼ򵥣ֻҪ۱ϾͿˣҪʵ鵽״ڲڣǾǱȽ鷳
۱еֱҵı飬һȻҵıˣ۱һæϣ˵һݺΪЩ˲ˡ
ϣԺеοҲܵģĵ۱û˵ʵĻ͵ȥʵˡ
һʵǣоУûоûУҪԺǶ۱
۱һȻϵûе£ôܳϣǣ֪ˣΪ˵ңңҲٶˣôôɡ
۱ŸһĵλˣǴʱѾˣΪҶƽѾԸҪˣ˵ûоûеġ
˿۱Ժ̾ģôôɰǴʡίģûжۿ϶ǲݵģȻûУǻҪʵģеĻ㲻ΥҵһԿ֯飬ǲСҵʡҲˣ
Ժһ۱ʱһֱ°참ģ֪ϵһЩ飬Ҫ򣬻治˵ûоûеġ
۱һʱĬˣ֪ϵҪ飬ȴǶǳˣҪǲϵĻʱǸӱˡ
ǣǰȷʵɲιҵҺ˳ˣҵı𣿡۱һǶԺ˵
Ժһ˵ȷʵǴˣǲǣôļͼ칤һЩϵǿ尡ȥдְɣ
Ժһ۱ǸеɵۣǶ㲻ȥˣ
ǣдǲǾȥˣ۱һʡ
˿ԺɣΪСѧ֣㻹ǼίأҾΪԺͲҪȥˣô㣬ô㣬㶼Ҫӣ


1522 ά˽
۱ʡίʡȥˣ첲šȣȻ۱ڱ˵Ҳһȡ
Ժ֮£Ҷƽǵ˴εȷʵЩ̫ΪƽȽӣ۱ʲôûùάץס̵鲻š
Ͼ۱ʡίǣźܶҪܣˣֻҪԸʡ絣ξͿˡ
ڵ۱ͬʱ㱻ʡίθǣʡίûŮǣˣҶƽ˰죬Ǿѽμίǣý㱾Ҳû뵽һֱڵ̨ȻɷùίˣǴûд¹ͼ칤ȴίμίǣȷʵЩ⡣
ҶƽһΪŮԣһļ߳˼ίӴίҲбҪġ
۱֮»Ϊʡίͷڶڵ֪۱֮ȻǸеǳˣ۱൱ƽ½ˣеģΪ֪۱ԲǾıô򵥡
ʡίԱ֮ҶƽѹάйȻ̸̸Ľᵽɸ飬֪⸸һʲôɵĶȡᣬΪеĹֳźܴεģˣҪúõһ飬⸸ʲôĻҪд
ҶƽôԸάȻհ죬ĽҲǲƴˣȻɾȻҪ̣˵ɴ˷ǳˣЩƽͷȻ
ҶƽжϷǳȷĽҪɶȥȻᵱ£һƬطĶ٣˳٣ɵȨƺΪѾ˺ܶ˵ľٱǹؾǲ鴦
άӵ֮󣬱Űһ飬֮ǰιһֱ¹ЩåСåֱ̫˽ˡ
άǴ飬ѧҶƽһȥ˽ã˽ϲһ飬Ͼ⼸ҹֻܻˣܼҲܴ
ˣϵʱˣ֮Ļʳҹܻſڿһʳҹܻ֮ǿſڵĺﲻ治ŮеĳӭͣеǸ˺
άһطðôĹֳЩ̫ϤˣҹܻƵĻֱǲܵģΪƣԲŻô֣¡
ʳҹܻĶԹһɳѵɳ۾ϹȻɹˣһΣȻʶȥ绰þһ飬뵽ԼǼίǣǹڲҪڽ鰡õȴɣһСӻ᲻
ڹʱ˶صĺϰߣʱάȻǶأһɻ᲻֡
򲻸ˣʱûãάԶǿһ˹һոµķܳɿؿʳҹܻſڣȻ֨һͣҹܻſڡ
ά۾һΪ֮ǰŪɵƬһۿȥ̸֪һƬõ֤ʹá
ά£ͷҲǸе棬ɿɵƬ
ΪɵĶӾȻһֵԪĺ϶˸еģȻҲǾ̣ûɵȨƣӵܲʲôĳɾͣڵһоɵ֧йء
Ȼиг湫ֳλȨأҪɲһ׵£ɵĸһλϸ̳źǿӰ˽⵽ҶƽҶƽֻǱʾ֪ˣʲôֻҪΥΥˣ졣
ҶƽľĺܼᶨûʲôȻΪԱҪһЩԼɣɱֻдɴ֣ᣬʮָߵνǿӵģԸֻҪɵһЩ£Ǳ߱ôˡ
߽ҹܻ֮󣬹άǴ˳Ҳҹܻ濴һάīñ˸ϳǻױĳֶΡ
ҹܻſڣάһ߽棬˻ӭǣάûᣬֻվ۲һҹܻᡣ
ҹܻװ޷ǳͶʽҹܻԱҲǲ򵥵һҪʽ𣬵ڶҪбҪȻһһЩСҡ
ͷһҹܻĹϢһ˭ӪҹܻᣬάţͻȻСкǡ
磬ߣ¥ϰɣ¥аĦС߹ҪŹά϶¥
ά˻ֵһᣬȲҪż
С㿴ӣߵһӭĿˡ
ʱ򣬹άͻȻɨ¥ɵӰֻһ̸ŻǸƺҹܻϰ壬˵˵ЦЦš
һɨά룬ҹܻ˵һĹϵĻҹܻδܿҪ֪ҹܻſ񣬵صȻɳĶ棡
٣ҹܻһŮѧвȤ¥ϣһЦŶ˵
һʱ£˵ôƭңŪһŪң
Цƭ˭Ҳƭ㰡׼Ĵѧñµĺܣһ⣡
йҿЦ˵
һָžȥһŮѧ˹Ůѧȷʵܱ£ֻжʮ꣬ȥˣеǰ֮󣬱ǵͷ˵
һЦǲֻǲ֪ǲǴ
٣ǴģھͿʵһ¡ҲǴЦ˵
Ůѧɫͨ죬ȫɿ󣬱Ц㿴ųʲôһ죡
ӺһЦŮѧ۾ˣһŭô£ôأɶⰡⲻа
˵û£Ӧʱ䳤˾Ӧˣ㿴ôŪߣ⣿
һҿɣ
ŮѧһͻȻһȥɺһʱûע⣬ȻŮѧ˳ȥȻ˾ںȥ׷һŪúö˶ˡ
άֻǿһۣɾȥˣʱȴŮѧĿ첽˹ȥ
ȵ߹ȥ֮󣬱ǿһŮѧţȻں׷һۿȥǷɣһЦƺ׷Ϊ֣˸еߣǺöֻǿ֣û˹ȥֹ


1523 
άǰȥȵס֣Ǹʲô
ͻȻ֮俴һѮ߳ǰɵıһӱ仯ܴҹܻ棬ĵϣô˳ˣ֪Ǿܲĵط
ŮѧţͻȻ˳ֹɣŮѧҲסˣȻϰȷǱȵģջǴӦˣֻһͷЩˣԲ
һʱ׷û뵽ùάˡŮѧĸϰ࣬Ȼĸ׿˵ͷҲͬˣΪ֪ҹܻϰ࣬ʴܸߣĻᣬÿԳԼ塣
ȻЩ˵ѣһҪȥ˯Ǹеϰһʱ֮ᣬʵ֪ԼܲҹܻܵģֻѣȻû뵽˳ֹɡ
϶棬Ķ£Ų˰Ӻι㣡һŭ˵
άҪǰ˵άס˵ǽɰɣ
û뵽άϳʱһ˵˭ôʶң
άҲʶ㣬һʶ棬ΪʲôҪ׷˼ң˼ߣ
һʱ֮סˣΪά˵ʶɣǸеûˣΪĹάʶӣȻƵصӣһġ
Ƕģ˭ôʶ㣡һתף̽˹ά
άûлشĻŮѧɣ
Ůѧԥһ£˹Ǹܱߵǰ˵٣С˭ѵеˣ
ɶʱһʱ֮˵ߣ
άĿһֿȴûк£˵ߣñ
һܱһӣöౣΧ˹һ⸱ƣά֪ƽʱȨжˣĽ˵û˵ȷǳţҲκ˷ƺǰȥʱˣĻɫ
ʲôάվ
άûɫתͷ˵绰
һά˵Ҫ̹ЦǱҿܲ
û뵽ɾȻάóֻͨ绰֮󣬱ǰѳĵص㽲˳žǹҶ˵绰
ά鱨˾ҲڶԹάôһЦ˵һﶼţ᲻λ棬øĸ㣬ʲôģ
ʱΧҹܻͷˣˣһ̽ͷ֣ûаѱ·ϣΪ棬ûй鷿£ڱ˻᲻죬Ǿǵֿˡ
ʱһʮңҹܻɳ˳ʱ䲻ᳬӣȻӹȥˣȻû
һǴЦôҸʱأˣûоɳŶ
ɼֱ̫ˣάеͷǳŭɶɳָƣһֳƣ
ûŭֻʱţ
Сٴ򣡡άɳĸҲǷ֮أСһִ˵绰ٴα
һСһ绰110绰ǸѾˣĵȴСǸǣھ컹ûеɳ⻹Ҫ೤ʱ䣿
ͷ110ָһǳһ£Ȼһ£һ͵
СҶ˵绰Ȼ컹ûǲһᣬҹܻĸܽӵһ绰Ȼߵǰص٣˸绰ʲôָĴˣҪ͹һ£
һûʲô˵£һƿ֮УʲôӵģҪ
ɲɳ˹Ϊǣ£˵첻ͲҪùάĻڹάǰûʲôˣ
һǸܱǻͷɳ绰ˣһȻûеһά֪ɵˣɱ˿϶ûǸɣûɣСжһСƬܰԸˡ
ٳûάһŸô죬ȫԸʡѧɴ绰ϵȻĻҾͻ֪ݣһֵǷ꣬Ļǲãˣڻܱ¶ݣҰѧɽйʰɡ
ôٱٱɿάЦ
ά侲صҸղŸˣʶ㸸ף㲻ϣ㸸֪µĻŮ뿪Ҿ͵ʲôҲûз
ͻȻά˵⻰ɱǺܷصʶҰôʶҰֵ˶ˣϼ
άһҪھ͸ִ绰һ᲻ͬô
˵գάװóֻҪ绰ӣɱϾסһάҪ绰ӣЩżˣôɼʹ֪ҲԼĶΪɵһЩΪȫ֪ɵģ֪ɿ϶Ҫ
һάҪ绰ӣɱסˣ˵ʲô򣡸㣬ҲҽˣȻĻԵͷˣǸŮǴߺˣҲҪˣ
ֻЭһǼˣæ߽һ£˵ҿСʲ˵ʶҰ֣ҪҰ֪ˣҿ϶ܵƤ֮࣬ߣ˶ţû˵ĵط֮˺ݺݵرһ٣ȻٰǸŮѧץ
һǼæӦ˭£ӣڿֻˡ
Ůѧһߵ˹άԣʱҲǳʶڹάҪ֮£ҲֻܸŹά뿪ҹܻᡣ
ҹܻıóһùάŮѧ˳ȥȵߵ⣬ҹܻĸܱǰŽŻά顣
һ֮󣬹ά˾̰ѳ˹άкŮѧϳȻӱǼ۶ȥҹܻĸһæϳȥ׷û뵽ά֮ͻϳȥ׷˰ȴû׷ϣҹܻܻ׷ûб£Ȼû׷Ϲάĳ
źĳ˦άóӿʡίѵģŮѧúõ̸һ̸


1524 ֮
άŮѧʡίѵ֮ʡίѵڲĽӴԱæµάŮѧȥһ䣬ȻŮѧһѯ
Ůѧʱƺʶǰλ߿һλҪǰԼ˳Ľάͷҹܻһһˡ
ҹܻһһɡұɡǿ110ȻҲû˳ɡпܾɡ
ɵıȻˣ˵ɸⲻ٣Ҷƽ㱨һ¡
ڶ죬άҶƽİ칫ңʱҶƽϱ̸껰ȵϱһߣ빫ά档
һάһҶƽȻŭȻ͹άǸɹˣԹ齨ʮӣͬʱԳǸ߶ӣھȻֲʱֱ޷ˣ
Ҷƽϵڲ绰绰֪ͨѧϵ칫ý֪ͨѧͿˣȴר֪ͨʡί鳤֪ͨͻѧͷԣеѹˡ
Ȼѧɴʱʡ칫İ칫ͻȻӵ֪ͨ˵Ҷƽ̱ýΪе֣ҶƽȻ֪ͨʡίȥѵʲôǳʽ
ѧɵģæݳǰʡίԺʡίԺܵ̽Ҳǲ֪ʲô͸Ҷû˵ʲô£ȥһˡ
ѧֻͷԵҶƽİ칫ңάûߣһſάҲ棬ΪҶƽ빫ά֮Ҫ̸Ǽæ˳ȥҶƽȴ
άѧǲǼίҪ鴦ĳˣǹеĸɲһʱɹ˽
ѧ߽֮Ҷƽûиһ࣬ȵŹغ֮󣬱ǳ⣬ڰʡмˣ
ѧصĹŨüۣȥݣҲһ˲ţȻʮǿȥǾ档
Ҷƽģǹάһ˵𱨾˳Ǻѧûаá
ҶƽͻȻڰʡмˣѧɵͷʱһǲҪĹȻ˵˫쵼ʡίȨܴ󰡣ʡίˣûа취ģȻΪʲôҶƽͻȻ֮ŵĹأ
Ҷǣˡѧ룬˵
ҶƽŶһ˵겻ˣĹҲӦ˳ˣǹĹĿǰʲôûУ
ѧҶƽĻȻŪҶƽʵͼܸоãҶƽϵ⣬˵أ˵ûɣҶƽƻΪʵ㱨˵ɣһʱ֪˵ʲô⣬Ҷƽʡίǣ㱨һЩëƤС⣬һʱǸеѻش
ҶǣǵǰĹϹȽƽȣ˵ʲôĻҾҪǹ齨跽滹ҪһǿҪһٽȺڶǹڴѧȥ˵һЩƽʱ˵׻Ȼȴţ˵Ҷƽ˵ˡ
⣬ԹĹȱ㻹ıȽ׼ģǼȻ׼ˣΪʲôûȥأϣǹӵ֮ȻʮֶӣƽʱûӳһĹҶƽ˵Ե÷ǳࡣ
ѧһһ˵ҶǣһĹһֱǺӵģǼΪģһȥ֮ȥ顣
ҶƽȺڵϢϢأһβһξпܻ֣ǳӣʡίͬ־Ϻãദάºȥʡίٺ˵£ȳȥɡ
ҶƽѧָʾȻ֪ĸطĹûмʱҶƽȴȳȥºȥҹάҶƽҪ͹ά̸̸顣
һ£ѧ˳ȥȻҶƽ͹ά̸ɸӵ£Ҷƽγ¼һһڣѹڲİ
άҶƽ˵֮뿪Ҷƽİ칫ңѧһʱû뿪ʡίԺȵǸϹάʼⷽ顣
άǺһȥʡίǱ̸飬ѧɺһʡί
ڹά֮Ҷƽǽӵɾٵĵ绰绰Ǵ򵽽ģһ˵ҪҶƽȻȸɾ٣ȥһҶڲڣҶڣٸص绰
ӵϵĻ㱨֮ҶƽǸеЩ֣ɾʱҪʲôɾֻе˴ΣȻҲǼʡ˴Σʵ֮ûʲôʡ˴ĹҪʡ˴һλ֡
ҶƽĲɾº϶ǰ˵£룬ýһɾʲô£ĻһȣȵϿԼһ
̸ɾٻص绰ɾһ˵ûʲôҪ飬ֻҶǣϼ͸ˡ
ϰһҶƽ˵ҶƽǸеɾʲô˽Ҫ˵ɾٵǳٻ¼ͥ˴Σֻƽ֮Ĺϵ·Ȼϣʡίˣֻһ˴ΣȻҲǸ߸ˣǾͲԶˡ
̫ɾٵӣҶƽϵʱýϵһɾپʡӭȥһ
һѵ绰ɾ٣ɾ̸˵ĺܣȻǼæʡӭݣʡˡ
Ҷƽڷʱ򣬱Ƿһ˹ˣˣһʶҶƽûмҶƽȽ֡
ɾһҶƽ󣬱Ǽ˹˫סҶƽ֣ҶƽЦ˵ôżʲô°
ɾЦŵϴμҶ㣬Ѿûˣûţ͹㣬ҲҶӡ
ӣҶƽһˣֻ˿ȥվɾ
Ҷ壡ɾתͷ˵
˳ҶƽһҶǺá
ƺûк˼ҶƽΪҶ壬ǽҶǡҶƽЦôˣʲôְ
ҽҵĹĶ˼æҶƽش
ҶƽһЦĺã֮вŰôã
ɾһЦүүСΪһ֮ţ


1525 
ɾٴԼҶƽȻҶƽչһӣʡί칫ںĲŹҶƽһ£ӵĲȥ
ǵҶƽӲʱе뷨һֱû¾ҶƽҶƽ᲻ͬ⣬˾ҪҶƽˡ
ɾٰӵҶƽ˵һ£ҶƽһôһˣЦ˵úøɣ
ҶƽֻɾͷǷֱҶƽ˵ԼȻһҶƽ˵Ļ֮ȴǲ֪ν⻰ˡ
Ҷǣһúøɣ˵
һ˲ţҲǱҶƽǸеһ֮ģȻɾΪӵ¹ԼΪȻڿ˻ʱ˰֮ˡ
ԭѧʲôרҵģҶƽһ룬ǿһ䡣
˵ǰʡѧԺҵģѧרҵྩѧо
һǰʡѧԺҵģһྩѧоҶƽ۾һ벻СӻԼУģԼƵʱҲϵİʡѧԺģ벻Ե֡
Ҷƽ뵽ûΪɾΪӵԼеκεĲˣྩѧоڰʡί칫Ҳ˲ˣݸɲ˾Щˡ
ҶƽЦЦͦ
ɾٲ廰⺢ӴСʵѧϰܵʡί칫ȫԼģûҵһ¡
һҶƽȻ˸ĺøˣΪһƾɾٵĹϵŽʡί칫û뵽ȻǿģǷǳ㡣
뵽Ҷƽдô
Ҷƽһʣɾٱ˵ʡίͨѶϷüƪˣйݸɲ¡
վɫ糺죬һ˼ģҶƽԽϵСѧõģд£ۺһȥɣͷ鳤һ
һ˵һҾʹСȥ鳤
ɾһͷǸеǳˣۺһΪҶƽĴңۺһֻҪúñ֣ǿҪˡ
ҶǣˣԺҾͰ⺢ӽˣɾٶʱ˵
еɾ⻰˵ЩҶƽЦ˵ɾ٣ţΪӲҪСģɵĺãȻۺһɣǹɵĲãҹҲûõģ˵ǲǣ
ɾһ˵ǣǣҶ˵ĶԣҪڹŪһҪ汾²УҶƾ¸ɳġ
ɾԼƨҶƽֻһЦ֮˵ˣͲ˵ˣʲô¾ϵ£ǲǾͻˣ
ɾ˵ҵʡ˴Ǳ߻иҪʾʾͻȥ
ɾٹʵûʲôҪȥʡ˴󣬵Ҷƽ֪רΪ¶˵ʡǴ죬괦֮ٻȥ
ҶƽǵͷûٽʲôȻұһԷʡίһԷȻǱȽϽţɾ˾Ƿǳ˷ܵӡ
˵ڶ죬ɾٹûߣǵҵϢҶƽŵģԽȻŵıȽϾģһ磬Ǵİ칫ң˵ǳ㣬ۺһǱҪˣҪȥ
һϱǿ˿ɵʲôΪۺһҪ˵ĻӦۺһȴǽʲô
һҪˣôû˸ҽɻһµ
ϿɣǴս˵鳤СϼǱߵģ˴Σ˺㣬ۺһҪ˲ţȴͷٺ⴦һ
һһеʱˣҶƽ˼ҶƽϼҾƣĸ˴ΣĹϵǺ
һ룬ֿ˿˵ϣֱҷ鳤Űɣ֪ˡ
鳤Ƿʡί鳤칫Σ˵ˣ鳤ܰ칫Ĺ֪һ϶ãҶƽýϴȥᣬͷٰš
ͷˣϾʹȥҷˣͺ˵ˣһǰۺһĴۺһȥ
ۺһĴȻҪģһµһˣǷŵģȻŴⱳʡί칫ڲϵ۸ӣÿ˵ı󶼻һ£˭ҲС˭ʹЩƾ¿ˣҲ߽ʡί칫֮󣬹ϵøˡ
ЩտСӾпЩȨ˿УŮھʡŮȻĹϵҲûֱҵҶƽð
ۺһĴΪϵĸҵˣȻŰġ
˵ڵۺһɾʮָˣȻǸ˵һǻȥˡ
ص֮ͨ˸绰˵飬һǸеЩ⣬û뵽ȥʡǰ»˳ΪҶƽæ
Ҷƽæˣ൱ȻҪףأԺ϶ʡί칫ˡ
ۺһΪʡίǷĲţɷܣȻۺһֻһˣƽʱҲǼҶƽģܼҶƽҲһĴ߸ʱҲлƽʱûġ
ˣҪ͹ԳŬͻײлټҶƽ
ֻҪܵ쵼ĻỹкܶģлᣬͱԭĲźöˡ
Ҷƽڰ֮ģͬۺһͰˣܲȥС£ȻС¶˵ȴĴ£ûλ켣϶һģ
ѧɸŹάʡί֮󣬱ʱ⣬ά˿˵Լûг飬˵Ҳõ飬ȥǶѧɵʳҹܻ֪֪
άһѧ˵ʡŶֳϣǲ֪֪Ҫʲô
άһ۵ҿƽʱ̫ûעⷽ£ҹֳܻɹ֮أǹ֯Աɨɨҳ𣿡


1526 յ
άֱӰ⻰˵ѧɵϣѧɶʱеû棬Ȼάʡίίְλߣƽʱֳûȥٹùά˵ϣһʱԵΡ
ѧɲ֪˵ʲôˣӣάָʳҹܻᱳƶĶȫǲͷԼ飬ֻ˵˵ⲻ¡
άʱֻǰС˳½˳ѧȥ飬Ȼʡί˹ͬ¡
˹ά˵СľѧȻǸоƣ빫ά鱨ʲôѧһ룬Щɻ󣬵ɻɻҪ鲻ʱ⡣
ά֮ѧɱˣάǿȥɼɸӵ飬ͬʱǱҲգǽ»ģʱȻܵ׶ΣΪǰ۱᰸ˣٹ飬ȻյľԻҪܵ顣
ɺɸӣһ£齻죬ոյʡίǣҪһɼʡίһţȻȻˣһΪһǿܵܵĹϵǨΪҶƽߵ
άѽйһ̾ǴӦˣȻάȴǶԺ˵ǣɺӲͬѰΪĸɲϵӣɸһϸɲҪСġ
˵ͷǣİɣڵ̨ô꣬ҲǾһЩ飬Ӧ
άһͷǺãͽˣʲôѺ⼰ʱңҽ˵ģҶǣ֮һҪˣ
ӦȵϵʱҶƽŹάһԷȻͰѽһˣҶƽһЦڼίĹôûӦ
ЦŸҪˣȻӦˣΪͼ칤֮ͬʱˣΪͼ칤ߣʱˣʣࡣ
ҶƽЦ˵ʵﶼͨģͬģͬûжٸۡ
ϿԼڵʡίͷȻҲرˣʡ̨ĸ̨жӰ찡ʡίǣߵﶼţǲһĸо
»ȥˣմʱõ۱ıӻʱǺʡίٳûдȻ˵û˫۱ҲҪеʹֵģг϶ǲܸˣȻĸгȴһֱûбȥֺҲûиҪְͣˣһֱţȻǺܸˣȻʼûжۣЩԲˡ
ͻȻ۱ʡˣʱ۱ʡίʧˣһǿҵźţȻԴ޲ߵġ
һʱеǳҪȥԼʡί۱ƣĴ£Ȼ۱Ѿʧƣһ֪۱ʲôһƾмίʶһλϵֹܰʡһżȻĻᣬھλʶϵ۱Ҳʶ˵ĹϵǳãиĴΪıĵڡ
ȻмίĴ֮ʵһЩϵܹãǾɾٵĹϵȻҶƽйʱûдκνɾ֮Ĺϵ֪ɾҶƽ֮ĹϵôɾҶƽ֮ĹϵĻôͿͨɾͨϵ˷ǰѡ
֪ȽѣΪµ֪ģǶίǣҶƽʣҲüίʰ˵ҶƽûбˣͨɾȥҶƽ᲻ʲôϣã
һ飬ûȫϵ룬ȥɾϵһ£ɾ֮ĹϵȽϤ˵ĸ׵Ҳǹʽ֮ĹϵҲһֱŵġ
һɾ٣뵽ʡǼҶƽЩֹеĳǽǳƴ˺ܴĳɼʡίҪ쵼㱨һ£˵һ˵顣
һ£ɾٶʱˣΪܵί¿ɲǴһˣҶƽĿĿ϶Ҫ㱨Ҫͨ㱨Ҷƽֹͣĵ飬Ŀġ
ɾһǸеȽΪѣΪոҶƽӽҶƽҶƽæǳмнҶƽʶҶƽô죿
Ϊ쵼һЩǷǳеģοջһˣǸоԼûӦ¡
ҶǲüңҲһܼ֮Ĺϵ껹һЩСᣬڿټƽϵ£֮ĸ鲻ȥϵ»ʵ䷴ɾپе
Ȼմǰ˵ȥʡΪӵҹҶƽҶƽӣ˵Ҷƽ֮ĹϵǿԵģȴǹⲻæ
һ뵽Щ˵صɾ٣֮ĹϵһֱǿԵİɣˣͲְһѣ
ղˣɾЩΣ˵ҵȻˣ㲻˽ҶˣҾֻһܰ㣡
˭
ɾٵףӴҶƽĹϵû˵ģֺ˶СϴҶƽƼĿ㿼ǿǲ
ɾٰ⻰һͻȻʶʲôףӴֵìܰûʲôһоôһˣû뵽һϵ֮Ի⣬ǲףӴйأ
һʱ֮ͻȻһЩ£еҪҶƽҲûˣ֮Գ¾ҶƽйأĻȥҶƽͶ
Ǻǣȥˣɾ٣ĵ˽ؿ˭ҲˣˣԼ˵
һ̬ͻȻ仯ɾٸеǳƣֲȥҶƽҲʡˣͲҪٶˡ
Ц֮󣬱ǲȥɾٴȥҶƽˣΨһϣǼǸмίϣֻҪԸлᣬϾûб˫棬ֻҪƽ½ˡ
һ룬뿪ɾټ֮󣬱׼ǰλ˼ֽʮ׼ЩǮȥͨϵ⡣


1527 
ѧɻȥԺ󣬱ֵ鱨⣬ʡίԱһ顣ʡίԱڳԱȻڸʲôѵӾĽӴԱԼӵ110ָָɳԱȫеʡίʡɵϵ鹤صˡ
ָĽӴԱȻûʲôɵĵģΪֻѾϱͿˣʱĵľɳԱΪǽӵָԺûгûгҪԭǳ
ìͷʱָɳˣɳôҲû뵽ʡίʡ˻£Ϊţ뵣Ĳĺȴʡʡίֱ飬й֣Ȼеǳȡ
ԵԱɳǿ򶨣Ϊ֪Լ̨ʹڴȻɽʱֻܰȫԼǲ˵ɵ飬ΪĻǻǣˣһʲô飬Ͳʰˡ
ˣʡίʡΪʲô᲻ʱԼһʱʧûܼʱҪԸеΡ
̬ȣϿȥǳϵ飬ʵȴ˸еĽƻΪشΪʲôôԭʲôǵҪ֪Ķ
شⷽ飬ǿʼҵʳҹܻˣ˽⵱ϵһ˽⣬ǲ֪άܺһ𣬲ҹܻĹԱԼɷͻˡ
ȻԱʡίĵԱˣΪҲ֪ϷʲôһӸеˣֻһɳµģҪεԭ
ʡίԱùԱɸ참飬ֻǵ鵽ҹܻĹԱҲǸܣԵ飬ֻǱʾʲôҲֻ֪֪ȷʵһСͻ鲻󣬶Է˾žҲûȻԷˣΪʲô
ҲһϵȻ᲻ɳ֮Ĺϵƣ˵ʱڳҲģûйϵ
һԱ϶ҪˣɵĶӣигйֳҲɲѧƽӣҲҪ˼һɵĹϵοɵĸԭʡ쵼
ֻʡίˣ㱨ΪǹάŸģ帺£ֻǳ飬ӳʱûȥ˽ɺ˵
˹ԱĻ㱨ά棬άԺ󣬸оʡٲ£ڹĿչɴȫʡίֵˣڹҪǲ鴦ʳҹܻĻƶĶ⣬ǵʱˡ
˹άķԸ̽飬ʡȥø͸ȥˣȻάѧͨ˵绰ѹصתƵֳƶĶϣ˵ҶǷǳӣΪҶڸ۶ʡʱ򣬾Ǵ˶еĻƶĶڵﵣʡίǣҪֻ
άһѧ̾ˣæӦʼдڵĻƶĶ
һߣǿʼɵɴʱȻȻΪĽῪؿ飬һȺĽİ칫Ľ鷳ء
ĽøոմӾǻһűǿһˣһĽüͷ겻ɢҶƽûü
ӴܣôżҰһˣĽض˵
ɿ˿ƤЦصĽܣҰҪһ𷢣ǧҪԶʳ˵ɣǿʲôʱתң
ĽԼİ칫ϣЦʲôʱ˵Ҫ㹲ͬˣ㣬õĵأҵѵظߣʹʡίǶУ
⻰˵ӲЩŭˣ˵ĽҪǲҺ¥̣һҲȥͻʩϲϸ񣡡
ĽһͻȻЦɣôĿҸ㣬ֻǲΪУҪң˵㸸ǹֳǹҲûãʰֻǷַӵ£
Ľӵ̬һʱŭˣ˵ǺãǵƣǿѹͷߣھٶĹϵҲҵģ
Ľ󣬹һЦԭǿҲǵͷˣֻǱͷҪ󼸱ѣҲưɣ
ĽηӣȻŭգϰĽİ칫ҸҸϡãһĽϾžǹϵˣ϶𲻺õĺȥȥĽʩӣĽȻͻͷˡ
ת뿪Ľİ칫ңȵԺĽһ룬ֱӸҶƽȥһ绰Ҷƽ绰Ǵ˽ʵĵ绰ֻм֪Բ
һӵĽĵ绰ҶƽЦĽذɵ칫µ齲˳ҶƽһһίڵأСôôţ
ĽҪ¥̵ʩǹܵģֻҪɴиң¥̿϶ܲģʲô鶼ĳ
ҶƽеҲ̫ˣΪʲôȰɸץ뵽ǸĽõ飬ϸһ¡
Ľ˵绰ԺҶƽһ£Ͱѹά˹ץʱ䴦飬ˣ˴ϰһɣھ͵һûΥΥ͵飬ְ˵˴Ҫĸλϡ
ά̴֮Ӧû뵽ҶƽҪô֪ҶƽҪôĻˣҶƽ֮Խ޷ΪĽ飬û飬϶᲻Ҫôġ
ȹάԺҶƽһ룬ѧö鶼ûãðѧɽѵһ٣ˣȻͲٹŪã¿Σˡ
ýϸѧɴ绰ϵİ칫ʱѧоβ鴦ֳƶĶ飬Ϊоֵľֳϯλ飬һӵϵĵ绰ֻݻᣬߴȵһȣʡί쵼£Ҫȥһ¡
ʡί쵼ԱȻֹۣͣѧɻ֮о顣


1528 ʧ
ѧɽйҶƽһŭı鲻ԣѧЩΪ֪Ҷƽʲô¡
ҶƽûҲûи֧̣Ŀ⿴ѧɸеЩë
Ҷǣʲô£ѧɸоܲסˣֻÿʵ
㿴£ӵһйعľٱϣϴǰ˵Ҫǿ裬ôһ㶯ҲûУԼץ˿ѹеĺȺ֮ҶƽһѧɸһΪûҶƽôĻ
Ҷǣ׷ʲôˣװѧæ˵
Ҷƽһ˵ʲôȥԼ룬㣬Ҫǵ㣬Ҿ㵱ˣ
Ҷƽѧɶʱеǳɥ˿ҶƽæӦȥһúüǿһ¹衣
ѧɸһ٣ֱѧľģȥԺ󣬿Ȼڵȴͷ֪ôˣǻӻôҶˡ
ѣֻȥе֣һʱûߣǹһѧɵĹϵȽϺá
һɣѧһ뵽ɣΪ֮ǰǵ鵽ˣҶƽеĺȺ֮ûйϵأ
ɣйֳαش󣬸ղʡίҶרŰҹȥרҪǶеĺȺ֮飬ǹڲӦûʲôȺ֮й־Ͳһˣȥúòһ飬һûһЩȺ֮Ĩǹ󣡡ѧ룬˵
һ˵йҲûʲôȺ֮־ֻعִʲôȺ֮ɣ
ȻԸ˵йʲôȺ̲֮ѧһ£ѧɲһۣ˵ҿȺ֮ҪɳͷǾͷϸһ飬רһ飬ҲҶһȻҲǸɵͷˣ
һ˵ôأҶôע⵽⣿
ѧɿ˿ܿйأͷúýһĶӣ
һһ˵Ҷʲôϵ
ѧɵڻʳҹܻᷢ˳ͻ˼ұûмʱ˵ûйϵٲܽһ£ҿҶ鷳ġ
ѧһɶʱеЩˣ벻ӵ»ô鷳æ˵˵ô죿
ѧɵô֪ô죬ֲʡ쵼Ļ׳棬ҾͳץһȺ֮ʡ쵼ܲܰ񣿡
⡭ˣȥץȺ֮ȥ飬ҲԸӦίȥ찡йֳ졣
ҿԻȥһ£δܲ鵽Ҿûɼί±ȽϺáɱѵ
ѧһǲָæˣ֮󣬰ίǽйһ飬ҲҪץסͣҶƽ
ɻȥԺȥѧɸṩصǴ绰ɣϻصȻһ绰ȴǴͨˣʱżæүӴ绰һǲǻصүүˡ
Ȼһ绰ҲүүɶʱеˣСȥˣȻѵ绰ػǰ̫Сˣʲô͸ʲôֱ޷ˣȴϵϣʲôɣ
Сӿ϶˲ˣжб뵽Ǹоסˣִ˼绰Ȼϵϣ˰죬ֻؼһɵɶһλֻҪûʲôȫ⣬ͷˡ
ţȻǲɵȴǷɾȻһұͷСôڱͷػӵ绰أ
ʵе֣һ룬̿ұݵķʻҪһСұͷڸʲôǲΪΪҲֻܰ˰
ܿұſڣ˳Ȼǰ̨ĵλǰ̨Աûסһɵˣǰ̨Ա˰˵ûС
ɸеˣѵԼסûеǼǣĻСôıݣ
ܲҵȥһ˵
ǲУ㲻˵ķ䣡ǰ̨Ա˵
˵ҵ֤
һǹֵ֤ǰ̨Ա˳¥ȥ뵽鿴һ£һɵڲұ棬ûУǾˣ˵Сӻʲô˸ˣϵĶ
ߵ¥׼ߣȥһķ䣬ȻûͻȻʵǸʲô
ֳȻΪȻǷǳջ𣬱ǷʵǸʲô
ǸʲôҪʣץ뿪һֳ࣬иг
һԷ˵ܳ壬ܹĴ֤ǹֵģ鷿ǸʲôˣȻ񣡡
Էɨһ֤ǲмһ˵˵ֵҲУڰ참ץ뿪
Է˵ڰ참һô£ʲô참ǹֳô֪
泳ʲô˴˵˳ʵ
Σû£ϰߣæ˵
һ̧ͷһסˣΪʶʡίڶҵΣҲʶҲһ˵ףⲻгô
һʡίˣɶʱˣʡίİ참㣬طˣһʱ֮䣬ԵúΣܿǷӦ˵ҹҶӵģ·Σæɣ
ӣβɵɻһ£˵ҵûУ
˵ҵˣҵˣȥˣȥ
˵ҵˣε¶˲΢ЦȻû˵ʲôɱ¥ˡ
ײײʡίİ참㣬Ȼ˰컹ûҵɣȥ֮ȥ⣬⵽ô£ֶʾӦȻȴûеǼǣʡί˾Ȼ참⵽ʲô
ɸе뵽ѧɺͻȻʶǲʡί˸ˣȻɾʾĻزˣ
һ룬оһʱͷæؼүˡ


1529 ˵
ʡί˰ɸˣƵĵصұݣɲŻҵֻû뵽
ȥ˾ǣŴѵǮͻƽ׼ҵмίƽ飬˾֮ϵھͬˣȳԳԺȺһͬʵѾ֪ܵίĵ飬Ǿüί飬鲻ǵͷϣճԲ
ͬ˳ԳԺȺһ٣˵˻ǿڵģԼһºѵĳ
ͬеѳԺղϵһмίӵĵ绰ϵʱǳ
һ֣߽һصĻͷһ죬ȻֱӰѴֽͻƽŵǰ
гǸʲôǺܲؿ˿ա
Ҳ˿˵ֵܣˣϣæҲûʲô͸ģЩǮͻƽȥãҪĻܺҿڡ
ǮͻƽǱһƣ˵磬ʲôˣ˵
ɨһۣǰѵǰˣҪǿʡίѾˣǳٳٲ᰸ڴһδ״̬ϣܸʡί˵һ˵飬հİӸˡ
ֿ˿գһʲô״յУҪķգ˱ձʾȥ˽һƽϣ˵Ҫô졣
տǰǮͻƽǰһ˵ϵܣϹϵˣЩȥɲɣν¡
ǰǮͻƽĿȼһ£һ˵Ǻðɣһ¿еĻѶ˸㣬һǮģǮҪؼˡ
ձǵϵܣ֪ҵģʲô˵ˣ鷳ϵȥɣ
΢΢һЦһվͰǮͻƽõĳϣȻ󴦳ǿųˡ
û죬ǴʡָάͬȻԷֻһȴмίˣȻҪһ棬дһ¡
ά֮ûп˵յ飬Ϊ빫ά죬ҹάְλߣڽʣˣҪ»˵顣
»ΪϤȻ֮ǰ۱ҲϤ۱ʡίˣֻ»
Ȼ»ȴǲ֪ԼĿģΪǹָģ»ȻӴάֻ¶һ棬Ҫȫͬ
ϵʱ»ദʱ򣬱»ǣ˵ڰǱյİӣǵһλ쵼ǳער˽һ£ʲôˣ
Ȼ⻰»ıһô𾩳쵼Ĺעˣ쵼˭ʲôϵǰʡھ쵼Ǿǵ쵼мί˵ֲš
˵ŰɣΪԷϾǵĴϵ϶ǳӣ˵ʲô쵼һ飬пܵģ˵ŰɣΪû˵쵼˭Ҳп˵Ľڣټ٣޷ֱ棬޷жϡ
˴Ļ֮»λشĻǰʵֻǸһЩǰ
һ룬»öԷ˵λ쵼ҲʣҲܰʵȫλҲҪ̽һ¡
֮ǰǵģҪְһ֣ʡίһֱûоģ֪쵼ôָʾģ»Դ˵
һۣʵֻǸΪʲôûа
»һ˵ֻǴ֣쵼ô
˵쵼˼Ǿ춨᰸ֲֵȫʡίĽ飬ʹҪҲҪ죬ջһܸɵͬ־ֻҪܴˡ
˴Ļ»һ˵һǻ㱨ģ촦ɣ
˵ǳˣǽ԰ɣͷ쵼Ҳܸлģ
»ЦǺãʱҼ쵼棬ǵ쵼̫࣬Ҳ
ǺһЦǣû⣬һ֪쵼˭ǰɣҪȵˣһȥ쵼λ쵼ʡίҶǶŽ飬ֻҪλ쵼ҶǴкʲô鶼ð죡
һλ쵼Ҷƽн飬»һʵǸãԺҪˣ
Цû⣬໥æǣᣬлٽһġ
»һ̺ǺЦˣܵλӣҲ֪ˣΪڲʮͷǴˣǰ;
ǺЦ֮һʱЦȻЦŶ»˵ǣһһ
ڶ죬뿪˰ʡȵ֮»ϸһ飬оĻʵʵɲţҲȫţ׸ôûģֻά㱨飬һάδ顣
뵽֮ȥά㱨飬Ǹ˵Ļȫάˡ
ά¼ͼ칤ʱ䲻һмίĻҪҪͷûе׵ģᵽʲô쵼еЩƤô˾ÿš
»ǰʡǲҪһģά˵
»һ˵мίҵĴϵʡļͼ칤ڹϵĿǣҲܲӣֱӲʡİҴʲô쵼ŹҲЩɣյڵ飬ʹ˽᰸ĻͲ²ˣ黹빫ϰɣ
ά˺˵˵쵼ҶǻнҵҶǻ㱨һ£һǲʶʲôǵ쵼
»һάҪ㱨ҶƽǾ͸ˣسеʲôѹˣֻҪҶƽӼˡ
άȥҶƽҶƽһ˵мίһôȨԼİһ˵ţǵ쵼ʶˣ˵һҿпܾ˵⣬ձͨ죬ҵмίȥˣάھоոúòһ飬ʲôͷҪͼ칤ģȻ飬񻰣


1530 
Ҷƽֱάղȡ˫ʩˣ֮ǰΪ۱µĺ֢Ͼ֮ǰ۱Ĳȫǰķȥģָıһ׵顣
Ҷƽˣʡί϶ҪӣάҶƽĻ֮󣬻ȥٿίίᣬٿίίͬʱ»ǰִ˫񣬵»֮󣬳ίͻ飬ոˡ
»УֽͷȻְոе칫ڰ칫ߡ
»ĻȻҪհ죬ܿ죬սӵ绰ֵ֮İ칫ңû뵽ʡίôͶˣѾ绰˵ˣ͵źϢɡ
һǸеſˣܰ°Ǯûа׻ֻҪܰɣǮԸ⡣
˵ӵֵĵ绰ίԺʱû뵽Ǽίĵɽƣڴ˵ȵֵİ칫Һ󣬱ǿ»ֳ
ʡίǣЩ˽һ£߰ɣڿ֮˵
һʱɵԳԵʵǣҪʲô
»ó׼õ˫˵գʡίίҪ֯飬ϣ
һ»˵仰ͻȻеȷҪվסʡίԱǰסȻֱ¥ίԺֱ˸٣ʡǷȥ
ǳѸ٣ǻǾίԺˣһİ˼ֱŪҶʱʶˣճˣ
һʱ֮䴫ίԺйصͶ̷׷׳ӣ֮ǰΪյ飬Ѿһˣʡίһ˫ЩͶ̿϶Ҫˡ
ȻָеѹȽϴ󣬵ʡίľûа취ֻһ跨ֲͶĺȶȫеľ÷չ
һֱŵίǵ飬ԭʡί칫γʡ쵼ϵʮУҪԿûⷽʵȻݵʱֵʱ䳤ûʡ쵼˵á
ˣʱ񽭽ͨȡҶƽΣͬʱҲȥݷףӴ˳ͺԶЩҶƽϴԱϣͨܰҶƽǰ˵û
ֵĶȻֵע⣬ʵ־һίǣʡί칫ίǣһ壬Ÿı
ˣֵֶûʲôӦֻҪϺĹˡ
ʡί֮һʱȣȻ֮ǰһֱſܻһ죬û뵽ô죬мίæ£мίǲƭȻôͻȻأ
һ·ϲ飬ʡίԱҲǲ˵Ҳеѹȵʡ̱֮ͽ˰참ִ˫ʩ
άٿļίίǳ˳ûʲô飬Ҷƽ鶨˵˭ҲҪ˫գôʱˣȻûн˵Ҳǵ۷׷ˣ䴫ţհƽʡίĴŶʡί˵һֳ衣
ԣʡίεжЧضסһЩ˵ˣ˵޷ƽʡίġձʡί참֮ʡίԱʻһʼտڲشʡίԱκ⣬ʡίԱǳջ
㱨»ˣ»룬참㣬һ𡣿»һʱҲŲҪ֪»ʲô취Ը
Ȼ»Цſ˵գа㣬ϵٰҵǵˣû뵽ɣҵ˭ѲԼ㻹
»̧ͷ˿»һʱסӣ»ǰǸ齲˳Կûõģֻ̹׽г·
»飬˲סмί֧ȻץˣмίôǮмί֪һ취
һʱǳĬ»֪л룬뵽˵գ˲ٵǮǽأһûãڼôϸȲ㣬ѱˣúΪԼɣ
»˵̽һǸûȨǮϽףȻһȫһӲһ£»еֻΪǸȷʵʲô쵼ίմ£ڿпֱҵƽ¡
»յķӦ֮󣬱ûȥˣҪԼٺú룬
ȵ»֮һص칫ңȻ绰ˣյİӽûУ»һЦϾͽᡣ
Ǹʲôְϲ˵
»ȴ˵ڱǹأⲻʲôֵˣµƽ˾ʱ䲻ܳ
һһʱסˣԳԵ˵ǣ˵ֻǸ쵼ǳע£ˣô˫أ
»˵쵼ţҲûа취Ҫ쵼һֻܲǸһ㴦֣Ҳʡǵˣ
һ̲˵ˣôȨ͹ά˵£֪ҶƽģάҲ޷ֱӸʲôȻ
µ绰ʱеΪջǮ齲ĻˣȻʡίܲǿмί쵼㱨
һʱ뵽ͷ󺹣֪ڲƽͲˣȻһʱǮϣΪֻҪͰʡί˵һ쵼ţ׽Ļ뵽ôء
æؼҰǮҳȻΰǮ˻ȥȻյļʶȥյļҲᱻίֵģЩǮֵɽˣһʱ벻취ˡ
һӵǮͻƽһʱеԼһʱը뵽ͻȻһᣬδػ˵飬мίĹԱ˭ҲòŵⵣǣøﻹҪȥЩ飬ֻҪ°Ϳˡ
һ룬˵ԼȻƽ뿪ȥλϰȥˣ·ʲôҲûзʹֻҪϾͿˡ
ʱҲ˼ϵĶǲҪ̹ףǲҪĽ˵һǳѵľ


1531 û
Ҷƽİ칫һλߣߵѾʮˣҪģλȴʡһλ쵼֮ǰݷùûֻܾýӼ
һҶƽ߾ҪҶƽæǰסһʱеǳΣû뵽һλ¸صʡί쵼ǰ
ɵĸ䣬䵱ʡίǣݶʮˣʡϸɲŮڶֻ֮࣬һȻȴʮϲСӣĴڶˣֻʡְλߣһɵˣǺܼ꣬ϰɸȳ
ûүȳ棬ԼȴһʲôȻүӳ档
ȥʡίйԱ飬ΪеĹֳ渱гȨСȻϵһȴеЩʧˣΪӴھܵĽ׶Σӱ֮ʡίԱ̰һ˽㣬ܻ֪ģҵأ
һ뵽Ϊݣʱ뵽һǶֶβҵģһпܶùȨżίĵ飬һҪάл㱨
һǺ󣬽ά˻㱨άĻ㱨֮ҲǸеֿԣɱϾǹֳȨСźܶķ㣬ڲӣǽеȨֶŵ顣
άǵֿԣҶƽҲ˻㱨Ļ㱨֮ҶƽеɴиŵĻôҪһɵĻˣбҪɴйֳλӸֻθгŵˡ
һ룬Ҷƽǰ֯ϱίھйѧɽеԼİ칫֮󣬱ǿ֪Ҫ˵ʲô顣
⣬ǿôˣҶƽһѧɱ˵
ѧ֮ϻ㱨ҶǣԴϴκ̸Ժұǻͷ飬ĿǰѾ鴦ɾӦĴ֣ȫʡǿĸ߳
Ļ֮ҶƽʵɨƴǵĹչôˣرʡطǲȡЩʩ
һҶƽʵ飬ѧɱЩΪⷽûôȥðţҶƽǰ˵ί˵ɨƴǹڿչţչĻԣʡһĹҲץıȽϽ
ҶƽǱһ˵⣬ҪʵǣⷽҿûʲôĽչرʡһĹûãǸҿⷽ湤ôҪµ⣬ҪѡһλܸɵĹֳеĹֳһǳҪְλҪѡһӺʵΣϲǣ˵أ
ҶƽĿ⿴ϱھˣϱ֯ɲܣھίʡίίҪɲҲþڵɵĹֳһְӦίоҪȥɵְȥȻҪھ顣
ͬʱʡҲǱҪģҪѧɸйҶƽصھ
ϱҶƽº󣬱˵ҶǣɵĹûãɷٸһᣬҪȥְ񣿡
ϱ֪ɱүӣȥɵְ񣬻ĲʱʡίңӦԱ
Ҷƽ˿ͷȻǲˣԼҪɵְ㻹ʲôɵһ᣿ֻĹֳûĸгҲǸˣ
һüͷҶƽ֪֪ɶӵ飿
Ҷƽһϱھѧ˱໥һۣȻһ뿴Ҷƽ
Ҷƽ˺˵ɵĶӽɣϺΪɵȨƣΪʡίͬ־ˣҪһвֹɾ֮飬һЩɾΪ˴ﵽǲɸ˵ĿģɹһȥǲҪһΰȻڲȥ̸ε飬ֻ˵ҪҪɵĹֳһְõܲʤһְھǣ˵һ˵Ŀ
Ҷƽھھһֱ飬ΪĹϵȽУΪү䣬ʡӰʡ;ҲǵõĹյģҶƽҪɣҪҪ˵˵أ
ھһᣬһҶƽֻ˵ҾϲһģɵĶӳʲô⣬һɱʲô⣬ԣҽ̸̸̸
ھһ֮ƣһҶƽ֪ʡǵǱȽϴźö֧ھϱ˶ûмվһ˵һǿȥɵְΪĻھϱ˿϶ˡ
һ룬Ҷƽ˵Ǻãھȥ̸һ̸һ̬ȣ̸֮󱨵
ɢˣҶƽȻǸеЩĵģΪھϱ˵̬ЩھѾˣϱ̵ģеϱ֯ܺܺõĹ᳹ͼʡڸ̫ܺܳѵȥһЩ飬ϱ֯뷨ˡ
֮ǰίڸˣΪڿ쵽ˣֻǰһЩʱѣϱھˣҪǣܴ䷽ȥǣΪ˵䶼󣬶ûдﵽҪ˾Ӷߵ䣬ԣĸɲֱ뽨ߡ
ˣҪúõؼһ£ȴʱ
ھȥ֮ɸո̸껰İ칫ңǿͷҾŪǳѿֻæ䣬л˵
俴˿ǰɵ½˳ʾǼڹ̣ܽԲŷ˴ҶƽܰɸųȥԺһúýѵġ
һҪҶƽǸеܿЦǲϺͿˣɴ˹ҷɣѵܷųؼҹ̣ܽҲѹҷɵɶϷ˰ɣʡ쵼
ϣ鲻ҹģΥмίܣΥعܣңҲûа취Ҫȥ˽һ΢ΥĻҾ͸˵˵飬ɻؼˣ㿴òãҶƽֻӦ䣬Ȱؼ˵


1532 
ҶƽĻȻо⣬Ҷƽ֪ҪһӣҲǴﵽĿˡ
ˣҶƽڰ칫ҪɵӰ̫ˣԽͬ־ԽǲԾˣǵﻹȨ˼֣Լ֮ϣһﶼܲˣôһĺ
ȵ֮Ҷƽѹά˹˵άɸˣ
һҶƽ˵άһ˵ҶǣŹأͰˣ
ҶƽңҪǲţ㿴⽻ãͷȥ
ҶƽָʾάȻģҶƽ֮Ҫô޷ǵɵĻ˻˵Ͼϣ̫ĺӶŪϲÿ
ùά˵ͬʱҶƽȴǶԹά˵ҪӣҲòӵ£ҪץӣһץĶӣάɵѸٵ㣬ɲЩ𣬰Щȫһһ飬ɸ׳죡
ҶƽЩŭɾְֳûɣȷɣȻҪŭŵɵϣֻҪóȷ֤ݣֱӰɸ˫ˡ
Ҷƽּ⣬ά̻ȥ飬ڶ죬ɱ㱻Żؼˣһ˵Ҫˣɸ˵Ҫæܣ֪Լүү棬ȳˡ
һɸеǳ⣬һүүǺðʲô¶£ԺԳĺģ䵱ȻҲʮָˣȻȥҶƽҲҪҶƽˣȻЧǳԣܿͰӸȳˡ
û뵽֪⼸˷纮֮ǰвɻصû죬ͻȻҽԺĹоȥˣȷʵǱȽϴˣҲǺ£ǲ̫ͻȻҲ˸е⡣
Ҷƽӵʡϸɲֵı棬֪飬нһңʱûмʱɸˣҿ϶۷׷ף˵ǱģӱץȥʡίǶŪؼҾ͸ˡ
ʱ϶˵ʲôĶУȻ˵ͬ־ӣȻ˻˵˽ִȻЩϼһжһˣ˼͸ġ
ںˣɸŻȥˣɻûбץãȻǱģʱҪȥ׷ᣬȻΪǳߣòˡ
׷ڼУʡίʡزŶ˻ȦҶƽŽ˶Եֳ˰ʡί鳤£׷ĹǺܸߵģйزҲ˻Ȧ
ɵŮ׷ϣҶƽһһ֣ҶƽһĹȻҲ׷ϣҶƽҲ֡
ǸӣҶƽʱȻΪʲôʮĻˣһТȻһ뵽ǸʡطһʱȥԺ󣬾ְѹάһ
ά͸Ѿɾίϣ˻ߣжʮԪĿΪκͽ
ѾҶƽȷһţץ֤ϵѼ׷Ժٽܲ׷ڼץˣҪһʱ䣬ܸ̫ͻȻ
ʡίİ참˼߳ױְȨΪصĲȡ˽飬һ˹ȨƵ¡ڽԼ֮󣬼ίԱûоʹ˰ݣֹԱְ⣬ڰǮƵ齲ˡ
һίԱ̱άά֪ǣ벿ŵԱ㼱æҶƽ㱨˴¡
Ҷƽ֪ºû˿ԥ͸߹άмί棬мί
άȥмί쵼ﱨ飬мί쵼˲ȻŭȻڲڹֱǵΪмί쵼ʾϲ飬û죬Լİ칫Լ˫档
ֱһ̣֪ʲôְλϣûȨмίԼŻһŶˡ
հٱ˳ͬʱеļԱҲٱ˳ֱŵĹԱЩˣʡί̰Աȥ鴦հನ
Ϊһհʱеĸɲ۷׷ףҶյΪѾˣյȨʢ˭ҲֻһгǿȥȨгֻǴʡг죬ǱعԱ󣬲ƴ֣Ҫʲô£ҵȨƵȻ
һ뵽ЩֵﻹǸеȽϽŵģΪԭգȴ£϶ڱ˵֮йᣬʵֻץѣûȨı˽飬ԿηûӰ¶˵ȷʵùˡ
ನһƬ֮УҲеסˣȥеĹ϶ҪܵӰˣȻʡί참޷ֹͬʱҲԴȥҶƽΪҶƽ֧참ġ
һ뵽ЩֱǸеһطķչǶôҪûֺõķʹһʱչܿ죬ɵĺ֢ȴǺܶ࣬ԣϾԲܷɣҪ´ȰãҶƽһίץġ
ҶƽǼģеίǣԲûɵģĻôԸУȻкĻôһ²ǨܾͻˣҶƽδء
һ뵽Щ־ǸеЩżŻΪհеھ÷óɼȻڸı˼룬ҪȰѵãⷽĹҲһشĳɼ
ֱǰ񽭷ƼҹδհɵӰ죬μӴȫеĵȣ⴦ãеĴþпܵӰ졣
ֵĻһ˵ͷеǰźܴѹǲȡһЩĻ϶Ӱ쵽Ĺġ
ǣǼӴȣסίǷ֡
ֿһ۵ҿҪӴȣΪԽסԽȲס簴ʡίʡίҪӴȣƳΪʡһģǼأ
һ˵񽭱ǵͷ˵ǽĺеҶǵ̬Ⱥȷ˭˸֮·ŹھҪ̬ȡ


1533 Ƶĸɲ
һֲǿ˿ͷҶƽͬѧҶƽ֪֮ͬ뷨Ƿǳġ
ֹʶʡί֮мίʼչֽŲ鴦еİӣ֮ǰ֮һصسȫС
еֶȻҶƽĹעֵ֮Ҫ˼ӿ쾭÷չϣΪҪ֤ԼȻҪϸʡλǲܵ£ǰҪǷչյĳ£ҲʶҲʮҪرҶƽȽϹעⷽʱ
ձ֮󲻾ã÷ʡҶƽ÷ǹίˣȫΨһŮίǣ뵱Ҷƽ뿪ʱֻһͨСԱأڳɳΪίˣ⵱Ȼ֧֡
Ҷƽʱ÷ʡҹҶƽҶƽʱͽӼ÷֮ĹϵȽУ֮ǰ÷ǨҲء
ֻʡίǣ÷ȻҪˣ÷֮ҪȻĿĵġ
ճ£һг÷ڹصίѾˣͳɼҲḱмɲˣȻмɲֻҪ뵱мɲ˶أһҶƽûаա
÷ùҶƽԵеɣ˴һʡίǵļӾ͵ţ̫㣬һ÷ãǸеȽɣһЦ˵С÷ּ˰﹤ô
÷ýƽ磬Ĺٺʲôðֵεʱ벻ˣҹҪƽ
ҶƽһϴЦС÷˭۸ˣڣ˭Ҳ㰡
ҶƽЦ÷üȻǳƺƽ磬Ե÷ǳ׽ɲеĴ
÷˵ճˣʡͷ϶Ҫһгˣ˵ͷö˶гˣҸϽƽ㡣
игѡ⣬ʡί֯û㱨ҪΪհӻûᣬ¹簲θгʲô⣬ǸгһְҲܿȱʱ̫бҪʱµѡӸ롣
һ뵽飬Ҷƽͷһ÷ίǣΪгҲ˳£Ȼ÷õİţȴµ뷨
ϼңһķеĸɲǲ鴦˲٣˵Դеĸɲûκ̻֮ǲ鴦ȱȽϴ˸о⡣
ǲ鴦ҲһֶԸɲıڲ鴦ĻǿӺ˸ɲڼӴ鴦иɲͬʱҲҪ뷨еĸɲʡʡĸɲٴеĸɲӶ࣬ųٴеĸɲʡ˵ûж٣֮٣ٴϵĸɲԺΪαίھ˵ıʵվŵӡͿˣΪҲٴϵϸɲ
ӡĹϵԣȻⶫǹϵòþͿԵģؼܲվһ𣬶ֵĸϵٴϵĸɲһ£Ķֻʱûѡ
ӡˣҶƽоǻǱȽ֧ԼģҪıʡ쵼ֹɣδز΢ʣȽϵĵһ飬˵֧֣ڰʡĹǱȽϺģȻΪҪ붯ھ˵Ĳ죬⵹һֵõ顣
ٴϵĸɲ̫ˣҪƵĸɲȻƸɲ֮ǰȶԺݺݲ鴦Ƶĸɲһӣôҿǿľġ
ǰеĵ˵Ǵﵽһ߳ĿǰѾ鴦ɲһɲ˵µĸɲˡ
иɲĲ鴦ѾƵĸɲе棬˭ֻҪΥΥˣûκּۻ۵أЩͨϵҵˣʧȥġ
ȻѾЧٳʱͲҪκεĻˡ
ǲ鴦һ棬һ棬Ҫ𲽰Ƶĸɲһ뷨Զǲ֪ģȵ֪󣬿Ѿɼȳʵˡ
÷ãеθгϣʡְʲôûãѾ뷨ˡ
С÷㻹ƸȥҶƽȥһ䡣
÷һһҶƽʲô˼ѵҶƽиˣ
÷ʵƽ磬ҵУ
ҶƽЦЦ㵽ʡְԸⲻԸ⣿
һҶƽ÷̸˵صƽ磬ҵʡʲôˣ
Ҷƽ˵ʲôһûãҪõʡ׼л㹤飬ٵʡɵΡ
û뵽Ҷƽ÷ø˼ˣæ˵ƽ磬һܵΰ˵˵һܵʲôΣ
ҶƽһЦʲôΰֻԺ֪ȲҪżŰɣ
Ҷƽ÷Цоǳģ벻ܵΣѾίˣǵΣôֻеɲǵΰɣ
Ҷƽ棬̸ôĶ÷ø߸˵ˣȥԺҲûȥŰ취ȥθгֻҶƽаˡ
Ҷƽ÷֮󣬿ʼʽƸɲ⣬뵽࣬ᵽʡҪȨҲֻ쵼еˣеЭϯȻһЩҲʮ¶ͷʡǿԵһʱְġ
ŵʡί֯ȥΪʡί֯ڻϱϱĹ⣬ֲðϱΪϱǱȽһµģֻڸܱһ¡
ŵʡί֯ȥôʡί֯ƿˡ
ȻҪְţ˵ҪһģΪЭϯһ˾ӶߵĸɲٰŪʡί֯Ǿһ߸ɲˣ϶һЩ˵ķ飬ԣ黹Ҫһıġ
ȻֱӰలŵʡίܻ֯һķ飬Ȱలŵʡί칫θ鳤ƾͲ˷ԣǾе⣬ΪҲ뵽ᵽʡί칫θ鳤
һ㣬Ҷƽе˰ŻǱȽ׵ģʡί칫һˣ˵㣬˲̫΢ʣȵൽʡί칫ʡί鳤Ӧһʱ䣬˶Ϥˣʱٰŵʡί֯Ե˿϶ˡ
Ҷƽľ֮Ȱеʡ̸һ̸飬Ȼ飬ʡί֯кʡί칫


1534 ί
һ֮ʣʡίʽгйֳΥڽ֯顣
ʱֵĩһʱ֮ҲͬƽĺˮﶪһƯʯеĹٳ
ɱϾʡж쵱ĴôܱأȻϢˣ˲ܲˡ
ɱ֮󣬻᲻ĶҲǴҹĵ⣬ɵͻȻ飬ʡ쵼еǳ⣬ԺھˣеϢЩͻȻΪ֮ǰʡίûǽͨ
ˣҶƽ빫άģûйϵǸеҶƽ빫άǣͷеˡ
ǣǲҲûã鴦ɲǵȨޣˣֲֻڶˡ
һҶƽʡίίᣬʡίίϯ˻飬ίҶƽ˵ڵĳЩɲǲ񻰣ŮΪԼҲǲɾӰʮֶӣϣʡίһϢǾеĸг湫ֳΪΥڽǵ֯飬ɵΪʲôǮգʲô˶ҽĶӸ޷죬ĸɲýǵĳ裡˭õģΪʲôһֱõ죿ǱҪ˼ĵطǿ쵼ƣԼ·ΥΥ͵ΪΪ쵼ģӦеһΣȻҽ˵Ҫ׷˭ΣҪѣǿÿλ쵼ͬ־岻ݴǵΣץþýͼǿ蹤ͬҪ飬ҵҪȾýҪⷽıȽϺãֵÿ϶ϣһҪγɷ̬鴦ɲΥΥΪ˭ʲôλжߣȨжֻҪΥΥ͵ΪǶҪĳίһ飬ʲôԳԣ
ҶƽһʡίίǶﾲţҶƽᵽ쵼εʱھԵòȻΪ£һֱõԱڳ飬ҶƽͷȻǲˣʡίίǿ϶ܸܵһ㣬ıԵòȻ
ԺҶƽĻ֮ҲԵòȻΪڸҲǱȽϽְҲõģϱΪ֯ǲ֪ˣʡܸɲɳˣҶƽûָ
ʡŽҶƽ˵֮󣬿˵˻蹤ǵǰһҪȫͬƽǵ˵һҪǿܷɣƽǵǰʡԺ󣬲鴦еļɲֲ鴦ɣ˵ʡĵ蹤ȡ˺ܴĳɼҲʡί쵼ģĳ£ǴҶԸ⿴ģɻϵĶӣĳҲеʹİʬδĶӾͳ£ھȪ֮һеѹû뵽ĶӰʹģʹģǴҲһҪܺԼŮ
û뵽ŽҶƽɨһۣе⻰ܻȫͬԼʵΪھίѣȻʡܸɲίȴֱ쵼ίҪΥΥ͸һΣŽȴ˵ʡί쵼ģҪתƵʡίתƵʡίǲתƵ𣿵Ȼʱ䲻ôתҲתƲͷϣȴתʡίίˣҶзݣھȻͲеʲôѹˡ
ȻʲôΪھʲôģͲ˵ˣžȻ˵䣬˵ʲôʬδʲô˼ⲻڰӰ棬ոȥץĶǱ̨ʵ˼ڹ
˵ҪܺԼŮȥȡѵʵ£ģԵóôĴǵģȴץ˼Ů
Ž˼һʱ֮׽ˣҶƽܵĻͷпЦ˼ûͬ۹ããд
ԺŽ˵֮˵ɲɻģϵĶӣһǳϸɵˣ˭뵽ɻЩǱŷΧǵĸɲҲֻڸɲϣЩΨͼҲҪݺݴնǵ֣֮ǵĸɲҲⸯ
Ժ˽ҶƽеοʼתˣӬ޷ĵɲԼֱôа취ʴǣԺ˵뷨ܻܿͶ̵Ŀֻţ¾ܵӰ죬ˣǲʵģʲôݺݴǲеġ
еԶΪ˵˻ھɤӣо˵䣬ȻôΪ˵ˣԺ֮˵ĸɲĸɲΪί˵һֱȽεģΪڵһߣǳ࣬ɹǼӰӵ㣬ټϢⶼ˽ģҲʵȻЩɲˣҲǸ˲ٵʵµģڸɲҾҪһΪĿȻ˸ܵĵ·ûʲô˵ģҲȫĨɱҲ˲ٵĹ˲ٵʵµģеĽķǳȫⶼɵĳɼԣһҪϸҪɲͬʱҲҪǵĸɲ˺ܴĹ׵ģίɰΪץȫеĵ裬Ҳͬ־Ϊǵҵһ㹱װɣ
ھɣȻı̬ҶƽһʱЩĿ࿴ھҪôһΪؿΥΥ͵ĸɲҲ۾˵Щ̰ٶпȡ֮ˣȻģ˭ûиԻ͵ʱأΪԻ͹ǿΥΥͣΥΥ͵˽̫ˣֹܽһԭ򣬹ǹǹӦֿģܻΪһ壬ԴΪɣ̰Ҳпȡ֮
ھһ꣬άǷǷ˵ھǵ˵дԣǶɲϽиǹ۶϶ΥΥͣûκʵģҪһΪؿĸɲǶܷǵĿȡ֮ǽҪľЩǼϵĶȻǶͲпȡ֮ҪгɣǲŶǰʲôӣͿʲôӣǲ鴦ΥΥ͸ɲĻһҪϣǾԲģɣһЩڽ֯ʱڹ֯飬ɾΪǵĹⰡ


1535 ĵ
άھĻһʱھЩ²̨ʡί鴦ûӣΪɵһ£ÿһЩû뵽άֱӾͲ
˹άĻھɫûȥ빫άʲô̫ʧˣҶƽ˵ܵĸɲܴڿȡ֮Ҳ˵Ǿʮ⣬ǶϰյֺԹҵʴǾԲˡģǿһΪһ˵һǲһΪȥһ˵У˵˵һΪģֵÿ϶ĵطǾǵߵǷǣ˸յ˵İӸ˾ӣ鴦ʡίǿľģάǰʡԺڷܹ˺ܴŬϣÿһλͬ־Ҫ֧Ĺּ֧ͼ칤ҪѹãǰƽȿٷչҪǵĶ飬ͼ칤ץøɲһҪɲ֣Ҫʡίץ𣬴ʡίί𣬶˵Ǵ𣬴ӽʡ𣬰ѵĽץãγɸѹ̬ƣֻܷҪһðͷǾҪ
Ҷƽؽ飬ŽԺ֮󣬲û뵽Ҷƽʡίǣ⣬ɰڳί˵£ɶĳίǲһ𺳡
ԴҶƽʡ֮󣬵ѾаˣҶƽûʲôĶֻǰԭʡίƶķ߽ʵôΪҲûʲôΪŽΪʡʵʡȨģΪʡĿܶ࣬ܶ࣬ǰʡŽ㱨ﲻŽΪûܵʡίǶ´ܵࡣ
ȻڣҶƽȴǿʼץ裬˹άɽôҿڣʡҪӭһ籩ˣ
ίῪԺҶƽѹάйץɰɰһҪİӣһҪӸȥӶ帯ܷӵá
άǵͷ֪ôɰԶհӣԶԸΪѼ屳ԼίԱ̬ȼΪţӴȰӸȥ˵ɻᷴˡ
ץӵҲЩΪ˵˲Σɰ˵ͣ˭
ҶƽʱҪץɰĹǷǳҪģԣάȥԺ̰ŲѼί˸йɰ
ʡί鴦˺ܶ˵Ŀ⣬ΪҶ֪һʲôһ£û˸Ҷôʡίȴǳֲ˵ʡίʡίһ˾ĵģ¾ĵһʡͷȨˣһҶƽ
ҶƽùάɰʱҲľͨʡһЩϸɲӡͿˣ֮ΪҲϸɲϵ죬ڲĶӣϿܻʲô뷨ڰɵչʾһ£ǾͲʲô뷨ˡ
ҶƽʡίɰӵʵҲھźܴѹΪɳ£ȻʡίίΪɵ˱⣬¾ϵۡ
ҶƽһֱŰھίǵλϵȻһֱҲһܺõĽڣͬʱھٴϵҪɲҪҪԲСܲ˶һ飿
Ҷƽ飬ȴǸеʱûг죬Ȼûв֮ʲôĹϵԣ׷εĻһЩǣǿ
Ҷƽ뵽һʱûŰʡί칫ϱ˹һ顣
ϱҪʡί칫ҶǣЭϯˣбҪʡί칫𣿡
Ҷƽһǿһ۵˭涨ЭϯͲܵʡί칫ģ䲻ʡί칫Էãȥɣ
Ҷƽֱ˵رʾԼ̬ȣϱûκٷأϱһûа취ˣֻôӦ
ڵͬʱҶƽ÷õʡί칫´÷õҲƽˣҪʡί֯аг򣬻Ҫϳίᡣ
ҶƽͻȻҪʡί칫еǳ⣬Ѿ䣬ΪһŮͬ־ȥʲôˣЭϯһϵְλƽʱҲǿʲôģҲûʲôˣҶƽȴʡί칫θ鳤еѹȽϴ
Ҷƽ̸ʱͰ˵˳ģҶƽǸٽ㣬ڵ仹󰡣㲻Ҵѣ㿴ڻÿæҪôܾϵ鰡㵽ʡίֻһɣһҪţ͹ңҪȥɣ
Ҷƽ಻þܾˣЭϯûȨҶ֪ģǵʡί칫ȨȽϴ˭ӵȨɲ˶೤ʱˣһ־ˣôϧ
ûҶƽ֮ҶƽΪıȡʲôôȻȴҶƽҪʡί칫ȥеʱļǲ˵
ƽҾģ˵ô죬Ҿô죬ҵʡίθ鳤ʲôʡ
Ҷƽ㵽ʡί칫Ҫ֯ɣʵɣٽ㣬ʵ㵽ʡί֯ģأ±˿ҵͼȵʡί칫һ£ȥʡί֯
ҵʡί֯׹Ŵ͡
ҶƽЦŵûȥ֯γ񸱲ץȫʡ֯ñȥҲģ˵ǲǣ
⣬ԭ˼ҶƽʡͷҪڿʼʡˡ
ƽһŮͬ־µʡί֯㽻ô죿֮еһССѹ
ҶƽЦٽ㣬ҪʲôǣǰҲ֯ģûʲôѴģңûġ
Ҷƽһ಻Цʡί֯γ񸱲ȨˣЭϯ֪и߶٣ȻһģȨĺ̫һˡ
ϲؽҶƽ룬׼ʡί칫ͬʱȥʡί֯׼ЭϯһְҪǽ˵ȥˡ


1536 Ӳ
Ҷƽȥһ˾ǣ˾ΥԱѩԱѩڹǸּɲҲԱѩ棬µ뷨
ɱ֮ȻͿճһйֳλӣλӻûжϣԱѩȥλӡ
ԱѩʱҶƽЦЦԱѩҲһЦ⣬Ȼ٣Ȼ̴棬ϵʱʱ֣ԱѩһֱģϵȻ¶
ѩθһذɣҶƽЦЦԱѩ
ԱѩҶƽЦذʲôٻ𣿡
ҶƽȻǣȥȥιֳһְûȤ
һҶƽԱѩһ£Ȼ˵ƽҪȥ
Ҷƽ⻹мٰҺǲ˵һ˵ɣԭֳ£ȥϣ
Աѩһ˿Ҷƽ˵ˣȥܸʲô˼Ҳ˵𣿡
Ҷƽȥְ񣬼игɲԸɵʮ꣬أ
һԱѩͷеϲһ£ڲͷҪﵽּЩѶˣΪˣʱεʱˣȻĻᣬòܴ
ƽȥʹڻشˣֻȥԱѩӦ
Ҷƽ˵ͷҪԱѩץʡǵΰʡǵΰǳҪʡǵΰ㲻ãͻӰ쵽УʡίίǴĵط⣬ôڴаѹã
Աѩһ£ҶƽžȥͷҲҪˣҲʶһǹЦҶƽһ£ǴЦƽǣǵˣСԿһλԱ
ҶƽЦǰҪľ˲Űǿǿϣ
˶Ц̸Ц֮䣬ǴӦҶƽҪٵˣʲô¶£ֻҪ˵һͽˣԱѩҪʡιֳȥˡ
صԺҶƽȥейһεейھ֪ͬǵС
ҶƽҪӲи¼оأĿǳӣѰʡΪ֮ʡгΪ֮УŰеعҵȫȥѸУѧ¼ҵһƴḶ́Ȼˣеľת;ʵˡ
һƴḶ́ǳ󣬶Ӱ쵽еGDPھЩԥ͵ɷʴף¼ҵûڲĹͿˡ
Ҷƽһ飬һһķչνУھԥҲԥĵûǿв⣬ڹһ֪ûпԡ
¼зأҶƽﳯרҵзԱ˽е߿ƼӰǺܴûпƼ޷ڵʲôӣ֪ʶ˲ţԲֻͣڿͷϣ벻۲۵ÿԱоʵֿƼشͻơ
ӷչǶֿƼͻľЧԹģܰѰΪ֮еľɱӣȻҪһ̡
ھǣҿҪԲפҵҵפҪʵʵطչ߿ƼʱѣǲصģֻҪǼȥһȡúܴĳɼģҶƽԵھ˵һ¡
ھ󣬵ͷίҲһֱڹעŸķչеĸͬʱҲǰʡĸϣԳΪҵĸ
ⷽҲĲҶƽֻռеĶʮ֮һҪһĹ滮ӪһµĻѴѧеλȫ㿴Ĵѧûжٳģǵһ̰壬δʮ꣬Ҫⷽһ󹤷ðΪʡƼʡС
ҶƽھֻеͷˣҶƽĺܴ󣬵˵ףѣѧͿеλҪıǮ˵˾Ӳ˾ӣ˵÷Ҳ÷չж̰尡
ҶƽȻ֪Щ⣬Ȼ⣬ȥȻȻؾˣҪǷʲôˡ
صҪѻãѳеĻˣǵĳ˾ˣ˲ŲŻȻǾͿٶĺҲԸеĻӪһѧʣھǣͷҪúоһ°ҶƽھԸ
ھĻȻĻȻӪ죬ĻӪ졣
Ҷƽͷھ˵ûǵȻãĻҲûӪ죬ĻҲǿӪģȥʩҪãʷĶãཨһЩĻʩǵĻͻӪˡ
ֳ飬ھͬҶƽĿ֮ҶƽҪȥԶءԶֻеһأڻأԶؾ֮һлˡ
Ҷƽ֮ҪȥԶأһҪȥͷһһΪϴĻᵽصίãһøɵĵô
ҶƽܿһԶصؽ磬ҶƽǸеطȽϸɾɾеܾ棬һصĵ·Ǹôɾ͸˵سǵĳˣԶȷʵˢӡ
ⲻΪɨİɣҶƽͷšȻȵԶسʱ򣬱ǷĻȷʵǱȽݲݣ·࣬·Сسǿȥǳ׶˸оسǲһ
ԶίԺҶƽ˳üӭҶƽۿȥǿһĺ˹һǳʵˣ벻һǳʵ˻سǽôƯ
ǣðҶƽסõ˵
ϵҶǺãǻӭҶǵӲ칤
ҶƽǺһЦΪ˻ӭңҿǶеĵ·ɨĸɸɾˣûбҪ˲ƣ
æ˵ҶǣˣûרȥɨƽʱģԶҪ˾سǣһֱģΪ˻ӭʱͻģ
˾سǣҶƽ֮󣬶ʱȤ˵ͬ־һСسҲҪ˾ӳУ
õһطﲻȫôˣǵ泩˾ӣɾȻ㣬Ҳƻȥң˼Ļǲһ㣬ã˳˲žͻͨӪ컷ٽչԶصһչ˼·


1537 ˹
һҶƽΪȤõ˼·ȽȻͬ־ȴûεߵλӣȷʵǱȽϿϧ
Ҳ£ǲ٣һֱڴλǻǰ˺ͬɹίǵ˻϶λˣȻίǡ
òûиеʲôõģίǵλٵ£ˣûԹ
ҶƽõĹ˿϶ھԶصĹһ飬ȽټھȻǰ˼ҶƽΪ˵Ҫ֪Ҫ쵼ͬ־һ㶼ǽԵģ׿ĸɲ
Ҷƽʱеϻ̳Ͽ֣һҲûϵ׼벻ʡίǻֱӿ
Ȼ˵ûΪһֱûζκεԹԣõĳɼòرȴеһѹ֮УھĺȦڵˣȻ޷ռݸõλӣֻðŵԶȽƫԶǷĵطûжٹҵûж˰յԴȴسǵòˣȫ԰ֳУϸλˣȻھѹţȴȻûԸҶƽҲ佱ھӦ赲˰ɣ
Ȼ֪Ҷƽ֮ԻӲԶأڿ佱ΪĻԵʣĽʶҲһԵ֣Ȼᷢôı仯õȥǵͷЭϯ˴Σݾˡ
ҶƽԶشСʱ뿪ˣصʡ֮ͰϱйȥԶؿɲרſһáҶƽԸϱǸеֻ֣һɲôҪʡί֯ȥ죿ǸʡУίܹܵһεĹԱΪֱصλ˶ǸְϽĴ쵼ҲǸϽغؼȴֻһĸɲί֯Ϳˡ
Ҷǣʡί֯ȥãǷҪʡõʡɲĻô϶Ҫʡί֯죬ϱдһʡ
Ҷƽֻȥ죬ôţٸ㣬ȿ˵
Ҷƽֱϱ˷ԸϱҶƽǿƸеЩ˿˿죬ΪԼΪ֯Ȩ֪ĿģȻҶƽȴǲеҶƽĲΡ
ϱǰҶƽķԸȥȥˣϱߺҶƽΰĵ顣
һɲţŵʡֱθְ𵽵ò˻Уڳн跽淢Լá
ˣְĻһǰͷίǣһԭزְְֻίǡ
ȻҶƽеΣ˵̫νˣţԶȥίǣֲ˶õ֮⣬ڵ䣬İţռ伸ûжˡ
ˣһǣҶƽŰֱӰΪеĸгигְλֻɲֱӰΪеĸгȴԽˡ
ԽβûУؼҪ¾ģΪԽλɵģԽ÷ˣһķ飬ãǾò̫ķ飬ˣԽεһܵ¡
һ룬ҶƽǾİᵽгλϣʡί֯죬ȻǽõеĸгԸ⣬Զصίǡ
÷ȱŵʡί칫´ˣ÷õĵʡί칫һɲȻǸеȽͻȻͲ죬ԭ´ʡί칫ŵʡֱصλˡ
÷һίͻȻʡί칫һƵĸɲȻôҸеźܶãǲҶƽأ
Ȼֻǲ²⣬ΪҶƽȻƣǲƵĸɲҶƽйϵ÷ֻһѵҪʡί
÷óէ˶ЦģȻҶƽǿĿɽ˿װΪֵ֪̫߰°칫ڲԱķУӰ쵽Ҷƽһİŵġ
÷ʡԺ󣬹û죬Ҷƽרż߹÷ЦŸԼһίǣ˵ǴȨգȻоԼһԱͬǴɲȨĲ̫ˡ
ҶƽһЦȻͬǹҵԣС֮Ȩ࣬ǲǴ𣿼˶ģȨȴǵԵģе˹СȨ󣬻ȨеȻٴ󣬵ǲ£ȨȻҲǲ󡣡
Ȩĵ÷ҲʶģίǵȨõ£ǾһصʵۣΪΪȻȨĻҲίûʲôʲô˵˶㡣
Ȼ칫´Ȩίǵǲһģʹ´ȨþҲﲻίǵЧ
ҶƽһһٷȰڰ칫һܻŵȥ
һҶƽҪְ÷ñЩȣ֮ǰûиɹء
ҶƽЦŵС÷ȽʺϴǳҪѧ̫ˣҶ޷ʶ˶ʮֳˣΪӰ쵽˵鰡ȥ˵Ƕһá
÷ÿ˿Ҷƽо̫ĪˣҶƽҲֻӣҶƽȥ﹤ȥ﹤ˡ
÷õʡί칫û೤ʱ䣬ҶƽҲˣʡί칫θ鳤Ҳֻһֹɣʡί鳤һԵְλðŵˣǰʡί칫θ鳤һְ
ˣʡί칫θ鳤û˵ĲĿΪԭڵʡί칫һְȨĸ鳤˾ûЭϯ
ȻϵƼıǩ˸棬ʡί칫һҶƽйϵΪְߣûҶƽͬ⣬ûʡίģôҸоҶƽĹϵһ򵥡
Ϊ˷ǳºͣʡί칫֮ʱûаʲôҶƽѾʼаһЩй֯ĹϤһ£Ϊһʡί֯׼
ϱʱ򻹲֪ҶƽʲôţҲʲôҲ˭֪Ҷƽĺ«ﵽʲôҩֻܰв²⣬ҶƽĶ


1538 ΰ
йµ˳ίᣬҶƽʡίίо⣬Ȼоõʱھʼ˵ˡ
ֻһɲȻַǳ㣬ҲԽΰɣϷǳעǵ⣬㿴һɲ˾ͻ۷׷ף˵˭˭ô˭ʲôʲôϵŪ÷׷硣ֱӽԽΣϻи£ӰܲðҵǣһȻԶصίǣȽһЩ
ھǱķھʼѹõΣѹƲˣԽˣȻᴫŵЩƸβһǱ˲һɣһԭģѾʮ꣬Ƹһ£ϻôɣȫھΪõζ
ھƸãҶƽȻüͷоھԽԽΪһϰˣǵĹϵԸ⳹˺ƤھӰʡŪߣڿֻöԷԽԽ֪ߵغ
ԱѩигԼֳ飬ھûʲôΪԱѩǹѡ÷ԣ˳ͨȻûͨ
ԺҲ飬ΪѾʮˣƫ󣬲ΪصˣƸûбҪһ¾Ϳˡ
ʱһһǸ㣬ԺξˣΪˣûĿռˣȻɺøɻûжĹϵҲģҲзǳģһŶۣһЩһЩϣǸõطǵľͲܡ
˾Դ˲飬Ҷƽǿֻͨðھ˼õļΪְȻԶίǣǽõְ⡣
һҶƽһҪҪھߣһĻܸɵίǡ
Ҷƽһ룬ǿʼˣٵȥڰʡܸɶ೤ʱ䣿ٵȥһȥˡ
Ȼ˭ھλأʸھλӵģһʡίίгƽʡίί棬һ£ûкʵģԷƽͳǵΨһѡ
ƽ˵Ƚ⣬ֻǷƽͬҲٴĸɲЩٴĸɲˣȻ᲻õѡ͸ðˡ
÷ƽһ£ȻƼΪίǵĻһЩΪƽھһٴĸɲٴĸɲ̫ԣھҲΪ̫ķӦ
Ҷƽһеķھ뷨ھˣھʡίίίǣʵȨʡίίһʡίίȨشˣã𷴵ġ
Ҷƽ鲿쵼ϵһ£Ȼ鲿쵼ķǣھصɲڼƻģĿǰ²˶ְھʲô⣬ͨһ£ˡ
鲿쵼ֵǵ͵ҶƽһСӣ֪鲿쵼һᲵģڲ˵ھʵǿǺܺġ
Ҷƽ쵼⣬ֻһֶΣԺȽھˣԺͷѾʡĿԲԺӦҲʶܰԺȻھλӣʡίǣȻٰھίõİţȽͨЩ
ֻҶƽеЩģΪĻھʡίǣȫʡ֣ô׵ľھõˣҲ̫ھˡ
һ룬Ҷƽһʱְ뷨ˣٵȴᣬܰⶼԼϣƽ뵱ίǣԼҲҪ취ɡ
Աѩ˰ʡְиг湫ֳڲĸְּﲻһһǴȨգȻͬˡ
ϣҶƽһԷȻǱȽ˽ʵģ˶֪Ȼ˵ְϲﰲŵģʵϴҲܲµóҶƽ֮ӦһĹϵΪԱѩĹ֪Ҷƽй
ھ֮ûзְһΪɳ¶һѹֳѡԼͷҪͷѡٷԣһΪԼԼҶƽԱѩ֮Źϵڷְ£ٷԱѩְҶƽչȫԿĻǲˡ
ԱѩȻԼרʡǵΰúõһ£ҶƽһԷʱ򣬾Ǻ˵顣
ѩʡǵΰأҪӰҶƽһ𣬾Ц˵
Աѩ΢΢һЦЦüΪÿȻˣƤȻܰףĺܺãҲûյı飬ȻŭȻ˪ҶƽǰȻֱˡ
Ҹ֪ˮˮǳأ˵һ᲻ԱѩҶƽ˵
Ҷƽһµ϶еģʡطƽ̨̫࣬СطǺģûǲŲЩʡǵΰץáʡǴֻ汳ڳҺö඼ǹڳŻȽѰ죬ԭŻ£㵱˾ֳһǾҪѶˣøɾʲô⣬ɾǳ࣬ǲΪúõһ顣
ҶƽԱѩ˰ţԱѩ֮ͷһֱʾˣʮϸԭʮǿЩΪĹɾԲ
ɽڵĹôҶƽԱѩ̸һĹȻ˵Աѩɷشɽ£شɽԱѩ֮ҶƽҲѺشɽ˾й֣Ǵˡ
Աѩ΢΢һЦڻϴˣôһֱҺö༶ҪӽˣһĪˡ
ҶƽһЦǲǻڻûбҪһֱ㣬ֻˣ
ԱѩݸһЦһֱֻҪһƢʵˣ뵱һû
Աѩһ£ҶƽЦ²װشɽȷЩ䲻ԱѩŮ˵ô򵥵ģʲôˣʲô˽飬ڤڤЩģ޷⡣
ѩȥ¾ͲҪˣǶ˰Ҷƽһʱпص


1539 Դ
ԱѩеιֳθгԺ̸ҶƽҪչһƴɨƴжʳҹܻ׵塣
ʳҹܻϴγԺ󣬲ûеõκεȻɳˣҲץˣȻʳҹܻȻҹҹϸ裬ǰѵȻﲻ
ʵúܶ˸е֣ѵʳҹܻĺ̨ôӲԱѩ֪飬˵ԻʳҹܻɨʱȴǷȥ˸ûв鵽ʳҹܻʲô£ȥԱ֮󣬻ʳҹܻûʲôƶĶ
ȥԱ㱨ԱѩеǳƣΪҶƽʳҹܻźܴķҪκΰһҪȽʳҹܻݺݵزһ顣
Ȼڻ㱨ȴʲôҲûУȻеơԱѩеȻйֳһֳܽе飬ΪĹһ˾ɵģ漰Ŷӣ滹иֳأЩһĵĻǲҶƽġ
ϾһֱڹϵͳԱѩȻֻһ˹ιֳǲʾûʲô鱨ڷֹڲܳڹ֮Աѩʼ˽⹫ڲ
йڲֳһǳ񸱾ֳǾʵɣʲô£ûг񸱾ֳĵͷвȥ
񸱾ֳֽ캣֣׼Ĺ񾯵ģվǰԱѩеһѹ֮УȻ캣ٿ࣬ûȨֻһȻǳ񸱾ֳչֵȨԭɵĸɽȻ̨ˣȻλϡ
ڿչɨƴϣ캣ΪøĹûʲô壬ļҹܻûֶ˭ȥѣˣԱѩҪչʱȻûֱԷԣȴųģͷö˿ɫ£ˣһʼʵһ״̬ȥ
ԱѩɨƴǵĵһĿֱָʳҹܻᣬ൱ˣȻжûһʵ֧ţ²׳ɹģԱѩЩˣһʼı
ȺڷӳǿҵĻʳҹܻȥͻ˰ȴһⲻԱѩԱѩ֪Ľ󣬲ɵӣ캣йʵ˾ֳʳҹܻȺڷӳǿңȻȴûв鵽κζжôģû¶
Աѩǳŭ캣Ƶ˵Ծָ֣ӲĻָӣûв鵽ʲôǻ£ûзⲻǺܺΪʲôֱ϶ʳҹܻأǧҪΪȺڷӳĶһǿɿģ
캣ǰǳ캣ֻһĸɲĸɲȻȴԼǰ񣬿ĺ̨ҲӲ
ĺ̨ӲѵӲҶƽʡίǳʲôԱѩһ˵˾ֳ˼εжûɹǻ£ǺˣĻǾͲҪȥץˣץ˲˵ǵΰ߼ĻǹʲôҲˣڶˣ㲻ܺܺõִоֵίľ
캣һվԾ֣ǲ쵼֪ǻȻΪûкܺõѵְȥˣ
캣ǳţԱѩһ̬ȣҲĲᣬ֮Ի˵ȫΪ캣ġ
Աѩûٺ˵ȥ˵ȥǾǳˣ캣תˡ
Աѩеѹˣ캣ԼְǡǡΪԼȥְȻĻΪгιֳȥһĹֳָһ׵£캣ȴ⣬ŰԼûȥְ
Աѩһ룬뷨ȥ캣ְոй֣žûˣʱһҪһЩ뷨캣顣
뵽ԱѩȥгƽһƽгǸгҪһֳָȻҪͷƽһ¡
ʱ캣һװ޺Ŀͷһһȿȡ
壬ҽйʲô𣿡˿˿캣棬һɵӣ캣˵
캣һ˵ҿҪСһ㣬ľֳб㲻Ҫ⣬һΪָӣԲûгʲô飬űȥ鴦Ϳܲһˣ
һΪȻ˵壬ʲôչңѵһһʲôŮֳ»ǵģ
Ը캣ǵصҸ㣬ֻҪСģҽͻˣҪ뷨ҵأ㻹ٲ𣿡
Ұأ֮ʱһŭյӡ
캣ɫصֻ˵ԣΪǸгңֻҪҪ쵼ͬ־˵һͰˣΪҪѶ£
һ˵㲻õģҺ˵һĸֳһܵȵģ˭Ҳ㣡
캣΢΢¶ЦݵȻ֪ҲŲֶӣ»СһЩãҪŪôˣһ¾һ£ֻҪȥˣͺðˡ
˺һʦ뷨ԸңɣҪҰżȥһ飬һӣҪһ£Ǻ𣿡
û뵽˻캣Цã˳Ҳ棬˵ɣôŷ
һ캣һ캣֮󣬱ͷ캣ȥԺԱѩ㱨˵õһЩмطӴڻƶĶҪĻȥ鴦
Աѩոȥͷƽ㱨캣ƽһҪ캣ְ۾ʱһ˵г캣ôˣΪʲôҪ
ԱѩǰѲʳҹܻʧܵԼ캣˵̬ȽˣΪ캣Ѿ˴ڹֹԺԺίʲôĶԡ
Աѩƽ֧뷨ȻְǾ⣬ȥһ³²˵ͬ뷨÷ϳίϽо
û뵽ƽ֧ԱѩеӦܺôֻҪ֯ó캣ְķȻһύίᣬίһоͿˣȻǳί޷оɷƽ֧֣鲻ͺ
ԱѩԺ׼ȥί֯֯㱨һ¡


1540 ƽ֧
Աѩί֯˻㱨ί֮֯ȴüͷһ壬˵캣ǹֵͬ־ˣҪĲȥʰɣг˵ʱôܰأ
ί֯Աѩе̬뷶ƽͬ˵캣һֱڹֹȷʵϹˣϹҲһ⣬ǾǹԿܻ½캣ھ˵ҪҪְг㱨ˣͬҵҹ
Աѩһί֯ӲˣΪѷƽ˳ǵ棬÷ƽѹ
гϹԲ߿ܴڣǹḻֻȱ㣬ҲҪŵ㰡Ҫӳ飬гֹܸɲԸɲ˽⣬δؾͻ캣Ҫǻ㱨һ˵ðɣί֯ǿԱѩ˽
ί֯һ˵ԱѩǸеͬ캣ˣȻӣٶ˵ʲôҲ棬ת뿪ί֯İ칫ң֯ƽģί֯ӣҲûбҪί֯ӡ
뿪ί֯һ룬תͷھһ绰һ顣
Աѩί֯ͬ캣ְ񣬶캣ڹڲһϰΪ캣ڹڲŲٵ£ʹ캣ҲпܻӰ쵽ϵİš
뵽Աѩеȥֱھίܻ֯᲻гģǲ᲻ǵģȥֱھһھ̬ȡ
֮Աѩھϵھ㱨һ¹ھӵԱѩĵ绰֮תԱѩί֮֯ǰھˣھǸ飬Աѩ˵ûʱʱɡ
ȻھԱѩǳеãھڹرôûʱأûʱԶһʱ䰡Ȼȴ˵Ҫһʱ䣬֮ʡ
ԱѩȥǲҪҶƽһ£ȻҶƽˣҶƽҲֱȥ캣ְ˵ûץ캣ʲôѱҶƽҲίʩѹ
ʱ캣ͻȻ˽ж鴦˼ƶĶѵ㣬ҸЩʧ㸾ŮƬȻڵϽʾйɨƴǵĳɼ
캣ȫƲԱѩ˽Ըģȵ֮Աѩ棬ͻȻϢԱѩȫסˣ캣˾ǹʾ˽жһ˼ѵ㣬֤ûв˵֮ǰڻʳҹܻûв鵽ʲôܣ
캣һͱ˵ԱѩѡͣΪ캣ųɼҫģж֮⣬涼Ҫֵñģָ캣жô캣ͻᷴ帺ģֻûüѣһ仰ȥˡ
Աѩеһѹط򵥣ֲҶƽҪξֳҲûа취İ취ɣҪȥһˣҪѹڲһŪ⹫ڲ
Աѩͷί̬֯ƽˣƽ֮üͷȻҲһ壬Ȼί֯ǳͶԱѩг캣Ҫǰɣ
Աѩû캣ɨƴǹ̬ȲǹֹĿչ
ƽֱӺǽһ£һģһ֧Ĺġ
ڷƽ֧ԼĹԱѩǺܸж÷ƽһʵ쵼Ǹί֯
Աѩæʾл֮󣬷ƽһ£Ҫھоһ飬֮ҪԱѩΪ֪ԱѩҶƽĹϵܣֻ֧ԱѩȡҶƽΣί֯ǽھˣھȨƺܴȻͬΪٴĸɲ˵Ը񶼲һͷĬʵϣ˰Ѿֲ͡
ƽǾ͸ɲϲôĻӣһ˵һж˵ֻҪѹþˣȻھɲڵ͵ιţһЩشϣ˵ʵǲһµģȻھƽûмʲôһչŻķƽﲻЩɧ
ƽȻھٴĸɲȻĵλ޷ھȣˣսھĴڣҶƽʡ֮Ҳ֪Ҷƽھƺ⣬ͻȻеˣʡίǶίǲ⣬ܴڶأ
ˣеһˣȡҶƽΣһί˵ͻᷢ仯ԱѩҶƽ˹طιֳûв´ĻӦҶƽһӡ
֧ԱѩĻôԱѩȻͻҶƽҶƽȻ֪˼ˣԣһҪ֧Աѩ
ƽ뷨֮ûھھ⣬ھһ飬Ŀⲻ࿴ۣǳصƽгôעĸɲˣԱѩûһ㱨أ
ھе㳰ƽԱѩһ㱨캣ڹָˣɨƴǹҲͬ־ˣԱѩ죬ҿҲǶ˵һְȽϺһЩ
ھ˵캣ոԴ˲鴦˺üƶĶѵ㣬ǳô˵أƽг㲻Ҫ갡ҪԼķ
캣鴦ѵ飬ƽҲ֪ˣԱѩ캣˽жģûҲû㱨˾ʾ˼һɨƴж
ԣƽǽüСѵһ£ӦԱѩģ㲻ʲôɼڸ֮ǰҲûԱѩ㱨û֯ԣҲԱѩҪھǣҾǻҪ֧Աѩͬ־ĹϾһŮͬ־һǿսιֳġ
˷ƽһۣھмصڿսɲ㣬ǲǱ¾ʹֻ˵ƢСһͿ𱾵ظɲƽгǿɶǱصĸɲϣҪһ£˵ʲô͸ʲôҪ໥زУ㲻ҪԱѩĹƻŰ죬캣ҵǲģҪסλӡ
ھȻϸ˵Ļ÷ƽЩԾȴ޷ˣΪһҲϸߣĻͻŪ˲졣
ھǣҵǵһ캣ģֻǷڹֵĹҪ濼ǵġƽһ£Լ


1541 Ҷƽ㱨
ھ귶ƽ仰һʱĬһ֪ھͬȥ캣ְˣ뵽ֻ÷
ƽھ̸鲻ɣȥԺ󣬱ǰԱѩˣ֪֧Աѩȥ캣ھͬ⣬֪顣
ƽԱѩԼԼǸеھ֮Ĺϵ΢ˣ캣һֵĳ񸱾ֳһɲھȻ̻ȻĹϵ
ԱѩרŵҶƽڰʡļȥҶƽҶƽסʡ쵼䱸ɭϣƽѩȻھǣûʡͬ
ӵԱѩĵ绰˵ҪļҶƽһЩԥΪԱѩĿ̫һȻΪ֪Ļ˲֪ʲôȻһ뵽Աѩ̹̹֮αҪɻ˵أԱѩҲΪйϵ飬ˣӵԱѩĵ绰֮Ҷƽһ¾ͬˡ
ԱѩԼųŸڵĵ绰ʵ֮ʻ˱Ժ棬Ҷƽıſڡ
ӳ߹ӭƽѩûйˣϾסҶƽı棬㹤ҲԸҶƽĹϵԽԽ׽ϲҶƽı棬ҶƽʲôҪĻܹʱṩ
ϣԱѩ΢Цһ£ȻһкȥҶƽ¥ϵ鷿ϢһᣬÿææµµѵһϢʱ䣬ÿԽӼһԱѩ
Աѩ鷿ҶƽЦŶ˵ѩɡ
ԱѩĴһ˵ɩôҲ㣬һ˶ؿշ
ҶƽһЦˣؿշɽҲط־ˣҵĴ㲻ԹҰɣ
ԱѩЦſһ˵䲻󰡣˵ôˣһǼк첻ǽƮƮأ˵ǲǰ
ҶƽЦǴԣ㿴ˣȻɷи˻Ǵͬ־ǱȽɵģ˵ǲǣ˵ɽӦ˰ɣ
ԱѩƲƲҪҪ˸ȥҵҵҵʡ쿴ˣ
ԱѩҶƽǺһЦǶϷޣᵽڻìܰɣƢûиıٰ
Աѩһ䣬˵ˣҹҪ˵һ˵飬Ҹоƽھ֮ϵЩ΢ھҵĹô֧֣ƽԣ֪˽ⲻ˽
Աѩᵽ飬ҶƽıҲ˵ôǾ쵽ˣƽǱȽϲģھ֮ĹϵҲ˽һЩϻǿԵģôҾͲˣ˵һ˵֮Ĺϵô΢ģ
Ҷƽһʵ£ԱѩҪ캣Ȼί֯ͬ⣬ھֲͬⷶƽ齲˳ҶƽһȻǱȽˡ
캣ԱѩĹԱѩְھί֯Ȼͬ⣬캣̨Ӳĺ̨ܾܿھĻǵ
ò֣ΪʡίǲίǣֱӰίһĸɲϾ캣ûзʲôֻǹ£ʡίҲûʲô취
ԱѩڰҲίǴŲٵģֻڻûнҿҿˣͺðˡ
뵽ҶƽͶԱѩѩЩӣ㲻ҪżȰһЩڲȻٱң뷨дھͬ캣ҲֱӰҼʹҲһɷҵġ
ԱѩھôţĻҲҲ
Ҷƽӣô򵥣ʱŶãʡͷСɽͷɽͷûأ
һҶƽ˵⣬ԱѩЦôôɽͷһڰǸ͵𣿡
ҶƽЦΪһںȥ徻ˣҲ̫Ϸ˰ɣһһȥ֮ȲҪ캣ڲһ£ֻҪ캣סͲҪסˣͺðˣġ
ҶƽԱѩ룬Ҳ캣λӻ̩ɽھ뺳ǼһЩȥ˵λӣʱ캣סĻ캣ͺöԸˡ
Աѩͷ˵ףҶƽںʲôֻҪһһ캣£
̸飬ԱѩƽڼԲԷҶӶˣ
Ҷƽһ˵ԷĻʡίʳõ͹ûгԵĶ
Աѩһ˵ɩڵĻͲʳˣҪÿ
ҶƽһֵôĳӣҿòȻӶˣϸʳô绰ͳԵĹ
ԱѩЦҲʳõķҪǳȥ԰ɣ㣡
ԱѩҶƽЦ˵뵽ȥԣ
ԱѩЦʡίǣȻҪˣȻȥĵطȥ˵ȥɣ
ҶƽЦվ˵ʲôģɣϸһ£һȥһ㷹
ȻԱѩһ£ȴ˵ƽҪԵɽ亣ζҪǻζȥµСȥô
ҶƽþûˣһԱѩ飬ý컹ĩѾĵˣȥҲü
Ҷƽһ룬Ƕ˼˵ҲãҺóʱûȥ¿ˣǴһȥһҲС
Աѩôȥ˻ǡ
ҶƽϾʡίǣԱѩ鵽ȥҪǰȫ⣬ȻҶƽһȥȫʱеΣҪҶƽһҪҪűʲôġ
ҶƽһµϺҵ˾ȥɣ˾ͲҪȥˣȥˣ̫ˡ
ҶƽһԱѩһ£·ҲʲôΣգĸһȥӦǿչ˵Ҷƽˣ³ʲô⡣
ȻΪ˱ԱѩҪҰһŰɣԿʲôġ
Ҷƽˣ˽ȥԷֲȥӲ칤ʲôҲȨĸȥһˡ
ҶƽԱѩֻòˣȻҶƽԱѩ֪ͨϰų׼˾ҶƽרҲǶıһкϾͷȴˡ


1542 ԷҲ
˵ҶƽҪȥԷҲԱһ룬̸ʡίһ绰ںĵظţҶƽʲô¡
ҶƽųλнһططҶƽ˾Ƽģ˵ߵũҲ˹ݷǳȥԵĻ￴һһԡ
Ҷƽ˵֮󣬾ÿȥһܾûȥũҲ˹СطԷˣڹȥһƷһ¡
ԼһСʱ潼һũҲ˹棬ҶƽԱѩ˳Ȼ߽ũҵĲ˹ݡ
ũҲ˹ĳǳ򵥣ûҶƽƽʱȥĺƵȣһֽӵĸоֺľƵһֲʵĸоΪʡһúܷʡݣûƶ˿ڣܵȺʵ
ݵϰ忴̳кţҶƽԱѩ߽һ򵥵İᡣ򵥵İᣬԱѩЦƽ뵽ڶֵӣֵطԷ
ҶƽЦǸʱܽӣ൱ϰܽ߼꣬ǻɣǸʱǸеܽݳԷǲһ㣬ʮȥ˰
ԱѩͷЦʱ̫죬תۼ䣬ʮȥˣٶʮǾ߲ˣ
ҶƽһЦǽͲҪ̸˰ɣúϧڰɣЩʲôЩֵȵ߲ʱ򣬻ñ˵Ϊ
ԱѩЦȥˣһ᷹˵ãҪҪһƣҶƽŤͷԱѩԱѩϵơưɣҶǺһ㡣
ʵҶƽĳϵȵĺþƣȻԱѩȴҪơƣҶƽһ˵ãȵơƣⷦɣ
һơҶƽԱѩ˱ӣȻһ˾ƣϺһ𣬱ǸеҶƽԱѩ֮ĹϵǳܣʡʸҶƽһûĿǰ˵ûпˣԱѩǳ𾴣˿ĵ֮
ҶƽԱѩһСطԳԷɢɢ磬ҲһеķɺϢʡίԺԵЩһǰСӣеЩǿ϶һ״̬״̬Ӧ֮ƽദûôȻʡίԺ棬ƽദܷҶʡίģǰһͨģ˭ؾصģ
ʹԺϱЩʡίίʱܻῪһЩЦȻЩЦ޶ȵģʱǹ;η
Ȼ;ηζʲô¶ģΪҲԼ˼淶ΧСĵشǵ淶ΧǻҪһķģˣÿҪǵ̫࣬ȻѾŬסԼһЩ뷨Ѿʱ䶼ıϣǻŲٵǣľ
뿪Ǹ֮͸оһзˣȥЩ߰ˣԱѩ˴һҲȥֻ̫࣬ǵһȥȻʡίǵҲǺܸӣ˵κһѶԱѩȥģӦ˵֮ˡ
ũҲ˹ԵúܰǻûеԷ㣬Ե˲࣬ҶƽԱѩĵʱͻȻ洫һ
ϲվȥһһʲôˣҶƽԱѩϸţϸһϰ˷
ô£ȵϻʱҶƽһ䡣
ϵδ󺺣򷹵ϰҪʣˣҶǣǲǻطٳԣ
ҶƽԵһˣôܻطҪôôˣɣ
ϵ˵ҿ϶Ǻˣҿǻ߰ɣԷȫ
Ҷƽ֮üͷһһ˵ǾͶ㣬ǵ簡ǿҪǾ͸ˣҪȥһȰҪǷᣬͨ;ܴܰǳȥɣ
һ˵ҶǣҺȥԾŰɣ
ϲҶƽԳȥȰܣвãΪԼ˾һȥȰһȰܲܰˡ
ҶƽûٷԣϱǺȥȰˣҶƽԱѩȻҲûʲôȥԲ˺ȾˣԱѩ˵Ҳ徻̫ˣͳ嶯ܣĸ갡
Ҷƽ軹Щ֮仹ûγһֺгĹϵĵռ̫λãĸʵ渡꣬Ǹ潻֯ì׶෢ǹصκܴ󰡣
Աѩ˭˵ǣ磬ΪǮһЩʲô鶼ȻǹصĹжаڵãԱԽԽ࣬ǻǸеֲá
ؼҪǿ˲ˣͿܲܰһ߶Աˣ԰ѻصЩɾȫŪһȥҪ칫ңͿԽһ߸ɾȱٵҶƽԱѩ
ԱѩͷʾȥԺ͸ƶȸĸԱһ£ѻظɾһִڸɾбһִڸɾȱٵ
˵ŻȴԽԽ˼æ߳һǷǼδ󺺾ȻϺ˳ˣҿӻҪ֣ҶƽԱѩǰ˵ʲô
Ǽδ󺺿ͻȻܳˣһǹµģָҶƽԱѩ˵Ĺ£ҹһȥ
˵£ʲôԱѩһŭǳ⼸˵
ԱѩһҲŹ£Ǽ˶ʱָ˵ǣٹ£ٶ£ȼɱ
⻰ʹˣԱѩ֤˵ǹֵģѰ£ϸҵɳһˣ
Աѩһ˵ǹֵģǼǱһȻȴ˵ʲôֵģ֤øҿ
Ǽǰ־ҪԱѩ֤Աѩǲ̫ηֵˣȻ֤ܰǵϡ
ǲûôģʵ㣡Աѩ˵
Ǽ˿ԱѩŭӣȴǹЦ˵ҿǼٹһװʲôõǲȻһ㣬ϲ
켫Ϸ֮£ԱѩˣȻûйɾֻд绰ˡ
ҶƽһⳡЩң⼸һЩС죬Ȼ£ΪʡίôǰСܣȥԲʱñԱѩ֪ͨľ


1543 
ԱѩҪоʱͻȻ洳ˣҶƽһȻʡί칫ıż˽ˡ
Ҷƽû뵽ʱϴյĶ˵Ҷǣǰñͬ־ţ֤İȫ
ϿܵҶƽǵ˵ͷûбĸɲ֣黹һ鷳
һ󣬱ŭǸʲôģվˣ
һͷǿ׳Ĵ˽һŴͷʮֿ࣬һ㲻ǲǼ˲Ǹеһ˵Ǹʲôģ
һ⼸˻ǸʲôģûٴǣһŬ죬ļ˱ͻȻ֣ûȵ⼸˷ӦһµУǼ˸
⼸󺺶ؾʮ˵ãûиһ˶Ը˵ı£˱Щ˿Ҳ࣬һʱûо£һ֣֪ˣǿˡ
⼸˸֮󣬱ǹҶƽҶƽ֮˵ɳȥһʲô
ҶƽķԸ֮׼죬û뵽ûߣȴʮŹˣ߳ˡ
û뵽ᷢ飬ʱԷԱڶ࣬гŹͻ»ִ󣬲Ӱ쵽Ҷƽ˵İȫæǰֹʲô
Щֳֹ˹ҪˣñߵһԱһоǸˣȻЩҪæȵǸңʡˣʲô
ݣȻʡί칫ͬʱҲʡıƣǱǱʡԱݣͰʮֳֹ˸סˡ
ǷʲôҪץˣЩ˲ٸҳˣȴҪˣǲñѵҪʵ˸ˡ
еΪ˱֤ҶƽİȫбҪЭһ£ǹֻҪʣûôִˣһҲǿԵģȻǲð˴ߣȻپطҶƽǲá
뵽æȥʾҶƽҶƽŤͷԱѩ˵һ£ȻͬñǼ˸ˡ
ְΪ˱ʡ쵼İȫҪץˣԳֿǾǰǼδ󺺸ˣһʡĹԱǵ˸ˣⲻʮֳֹ˸߲ùԱҲҰô
Щ˱֮ߵʮֳֹߣһӣ뿪ٹ֣ĻٰǸץ
׵ӣЩ˽һ£ʱˣȵ֮󣬱˹Ҷƽ㱨һ¡
Ҷƽһ룬𷹵ϰô£ЩҪôҪˣϰ㲻Ҷƽʲôˣ֪ʡͻȻ֣Ҳһʱ֪ô£ҶƽǸҶƽЩǺᣬǵǼծģǽ˸ڻϣǾǹңٻϵĻС˹ݾûӪȥˡ
һҶƽһЩˣԭŸѾʡίʡעˣΪķٷչ¸ΪʢУҪڹȥǾ̰
Ҷƽ֮ŤͷǶԱѩͷȥעһ£Ϊһΰ⡣
ҶƽϰǸеҶƽһʲô쵼ˣȻҶƽʡίǣҲڵϳֹҶƽǱ´磬Ϥ˸ʲôʡίǣǷϰǾһʲô쵼
쵼ǽȻˣпܹ֮ǰǮˣ˵ûл壬ǻǹҪǾᣬǸǲǣ쵼ܰǡϰǿ
ҶƽҲҪԱѩ⣬ԲЩ˾ˣЩ˵ΪֳֹӱˣЩ˾Բࡣ
ϰһԱѩ˵İɣǲ᲻ܵģҵĺ룬̴绰ҡ
ϰԱѩĻһʱ֮ŰɣΪ֪Աѩʲô쵼Աѩˣ˵ʲôˡ
Ҷƽ÷ϰ岻ҪģǷᣬֻҪ˷˷һǡ
ϰ֮ȴ˵Щ˺ģֵҲ£Сϰĵﲻ𡣡
ϰ˵Ҷƽеԣ˵źڶֻԱѩɨƴǣѵкŻﲻɣ
ҶƽԱѩȻûԷˣο˷ϰһ£ȻԱѩ뿪ϰ忴ǴҴҶȥͷûס
֮ҶƽǶԱѩ̰ԱǼҲ˹飬һ£ЩĻٹ鷳
ԱѩͷھͰţȻ뷨ѽЩȫץ
Ҷƽǿ϶к̨Ҫץͺúõһ£ԿڵйֳʱȫΰƻҪú뷨ˡ
ԱѩʱеԼȷʵش󣬹ڲԱû˳ⲿǳ⣬еЩͷöˡ
СطԷɢģȴ£ԱѩеƣҶƽȴǾҲһ£ˣ˵ͻᷢ飬Ĳá
ڶ죬Ҷƽص칫ңһǰʡί͹ѧɸеԼİ칫ҡ
ڶܲ⣬˶µ㹤򣬰һЩˣϾֻԱѩһǲеģͳС
һҶƽİ칫ң˽ѧ֪Ҷƽеǹϵ⣬ȻйֻһңȻȴֻǹ⡣
Ҷƽ£Ȼֱ˵ڷǳҪȺڶԹƽҪԽԽߣȻڵĹûдﵽȺڵҪǹҿȺڵҪ󻹺Զʡ˵źܴ⣬ɶеĹ˺ܻӰ죬ڻûԹۣΪֻйֵ£⣬Ҫ֧йֵĹйɵӰ죬ԱѩոմӲͷϤһ˽ٿ϶ǲеģҪ֧֣֧ԱѩйڲƶȸĸɰӰ죡
ҶƽһѧҶƽΪʲôǹԭˣԭ֧ԱѩĹûʲôѵģֻҪ˾ˣֹ֧


1544 ˵ĶԹ
̱ʾҶǣһɵӰȷʵǺܶӣ飬Һһȥйֵһ£Աѩͬ־йֵĸ˳
ҶƽͷԱѩڵĸɾܴȻܵɰӰ죬йڲһЩ⣬ҪԽȥ˽һ£ȻʲôҲҪʱͨһίɣǿòã
ѧ̴Ӧˣ߳Ҷƽİ칫֮飬ʵҲǲעйֵһֱΪйһֱɵĶĶֵأигҲѧƽ£ʡǶйֽһҵָ棬ûйֵ¡
ھĵ̣ί޷ȥеģ֮һֱ϶ദĲ죬ûȥеĹˡ
ȻҶƽȴȥеĹȻҪҶƽȥˣʹھˣҲ޷ԿҶƽָʾҪһеĹ
⣬һȥй֣ҶǷԸˣǾҪհ졣Ǻѧ˵
ѧ˵ǣҪҪͨһίί
ҿʡί칫֪ͨһ£˳Ȼ˻ΪǵĹأ
ѧ˼̵˵ͷĹϵȽϺãʲô¶ģȻҪʾӡ
Աѩ֮󣬱ǰ캣˹Ȼں캣Ȼڹ캣ֹܵģûֱƿһЩ飬¸ĸﻹûпʼ֮ǰֻܰ캣һЩ£ֻЩѡ
Ϊ֪ԱѩԱѩͻȻ캣ȻԵòԱѩԵûоһɢӡ
⸱ӣԱѩɵ˵ˣ˵ƣӦĲ˰ɣ
Աѩ캣صԾ֣ʲôʱҴˣ˵Ҫ֤ݵġ
Աѩһ˵ҲȥˣиҪȥǱ߳һ飬˵һũҲ˹ծˣҵʱֳǾȻңҿʡͬ־ʱϵûз飬Щ˷ǳɶҪһذȫץڣദ
Աѩһ캣Ϳ֪Աѩȥ£֪ҶƽԱѩһȥʲôʡ˼ʱϵ£ֱӾˣţʹԱѩ£ҲȥԱѩˣȻԱѩһᵽ£ˡ
ôʡ˻캣Աѩʵ
Աѩһ˵ΪʲôȥʡȥѾ־ֵȥˣȥһ£ʲôʱҡ
ԱѩԸ⽲캣ȻˣһΣҪȥһ£һʲô̱Ӧˡ
ȵ캣ӦԱѩ˿ûٽʲô캣£һΪֹܵģһΪҪ̽һ캣һ캣ܲܰãٴһ캣ĵס
ʱίͻȻ绰˵ʡίʡѧҪӲ칤׼һ¡
ѧҪӲ칤ԱѩǸее֣Ҷƽûиѧ˻Ӳ칤£֪֮еơ
ȻҪί֪ͨ׼һ£ԱѩȻҪص׼ӭʡ쵼ĵ
άҶƽİ칫Ҷƽ㱨һ飬ԭԴӱ˫֮һֱûй۱֮ĹϵֱڣΪ˼ͻȻԸ۱һЩʡί֪֮Ȼǳӣ浽˹άά㱨֮ȥգվǰ۱ιܹܵ˾ȡɵ齲˳
Ȼڴ֮ǰ۱Ѿˣ۱Ϊ˴ܵܵĹ˾ȡԪ棬۱Ͷʵģʵȴܸܵ۱ĸɹɣ۱˾ܻͬߡ
۱ʡΣڱ˿ҲƽˣȻ־ٱȻ鸴ӻˣ۱׻᲻ƽ½һ˵ˡ
Ҷƽά㱨üͷһ壬۱ʡίĸɲܰ۱鴦ˣɵӰͻܴ˵ʲôĸɲֻҪΥΥˣͻܵɵǱȽϴġ
뵽ҶƽԹάʡίķ£ȥٿίίоһ飬˫Ҫκεԥ
άҪҪһ³ί᣿Ҿ˳ί֮ٲ鴦ɵӰ󣬲Ȼ˻ΪҪʲôϴأ
άĻҲеҶƽһ룬ʡίίоһ»ãһ˵Ǻãô죬ȥ׼һ²ϣʱóίǿһһܺõĽá
Ҷƽ빫άһ飬άȥ֮»׼ϣ׼ϳίᡣ
»һֱס۱ţ˴֮ԻͻȻҪٱҲĹȻյʱˣŲʲôˡ
۱Թһγɵģ˵һͬʡίϵǱȽϵĺãȻ۱¹ıȽǿܿ죬ͳ˴ɲʱһοԱ
˴۱ȴǽֶ׼в˾ٱһ㱻ʡίǳջʱˡ
۱֮ԻУҲΪһʡʱʡ˴ΣȻ˾ӶˣǻһЩģ۱ЩԲŻᰵʹֽţŪʡί
֪֮»ģһҲҪ۱һζӴ֮ƴټӱû깤Ҳǳ˴ɲ۱ƽˣȻ۱һĿ죬ǵ˴֮ǲˣֱʮ֮۱˸Լ֮Ҳǳ˸˵ְλ˵ĹϵҲͬˮ
ϣȻͿȥ۱ˣ»ͷȴһֱû飬һֱѰһᣬ۱Եһͷ
۱ʡίǳʡί֣ĻᣬôܻŹ۱أ۱ϵⲻ٣鴦ҲΪֻĴͷһ˵ǲģҪʡ쵼ͬС


1545 Աѩ뷨
ѧһй֣ھĵسͬھĵλԸӲ칤ֻҪίǳͬˡ
Ҫԭ򣬵Ȼ֮Ĺڣ˹ȥͬӣȻΪʡίίеì˶ֻ֪Ϲȥˡ
йӲ칤ھȻͬҶǳί㵽ҵĵӲ칤СˣԼԳͬȻ֪ҪйӲ칤ʱȴ˼ойӲ칤֧ܿԱѩģҪͬһ£۲һ¶
һ룬ھͲܲͬˣί칫ʡίϵǣǹĻȵίҪһȥй֡
ӵίĵ绰һ룬ҡҡͷھȻҪͬйӲ칤ˣʲôźţˣͽˣǻĿģ
ɱȻеģӵ绰֮ȻܲھӣֱƲȻֱȥй֡
ǣǴѧһίί֮ί鳤¥ӭӣȻѧ˵¥ھİ칫ҡ
һھİ칫ңھվӭӣЦ˵ǣӭλӲ칤
ھ֣ҲЦҶǵҪ󣬹һǲ鷳ģȥֿһͻȥˣû뵽ҪȵԹˣ
һھһݣû뵽ǷҶƽָʾҿһͬӲ칤ĻȥйԱѩʲôʲôпܲö֪ˡ
ҶǶеĹôӣλǸеˣھЦǸѧ
ھ˵ӣҲǸеЩ⣬ھƽʱĺܣ¶Цݣȴ飬ǲʲôҪ˵ʲôΪ
ѧ£ЦŵǹҲֻܽʡ֮ҶǹעҲشʲôԵģ̫
ھǺЦȻʵǣǲǻ
һµˣһЦŵҲûʲô񣬾ǹһ˽һйֵĹֳԱѩǴӲͷģҲŹһҵȻҪˣôһ
ûн̫Ķھھ룬Ҳûʣ˵λǲǻҪϢһ£ҪϢĻھȥɣ
Ҫ㲻ùȥˣҺίͬ־һȥɣͲҪȥˡ
ھϵôܲȥأǶλˣҪǲһȥǾʧ˰߰ɣһȥ
ǫһ£ȻھִҪȥȻˣȻұһȥй֡
ԱѩѾӭѧ˵׼˵ȻҪ뷨ȡǶԹϵ֧֣رҪƶȸĸѻظɾһִڸλҪʡ֧֣رڵǰί֧¡
ʮһһгӴʻ뵽йִԺԱѩһװž쵼ӳԱӭӡ
ֻھѧһӳ˳Աѩ˹ȥ˸Ȼھѧ⣬ȻԱѩ߽칫¥
Աѩһۿھʱͷһ£Դйֳ֮ھһҲûй֣ίǸǿҲûǿΪίǣ캣ְ뷨Ҳǲ֧֣Ըǿй֣ǲ̫ˡ
ڸǿҲǺھһй֣Ȼ˰칫¥֮󣬾¥Ļҡ
й쵼ӳԱȫμεӲ飬˻֮Աѩй㱨˾Ĺ
ԱѩڽĹ֮󣬱ƶȸĸ⣬ҪѻظɾԱһִڸλԱ·ϵľٽΰΣǰìܡ
Աѩһ˿ڱʾѩͬ־ҿƶȸĸ뷨ǳãǰһǵľڲ㣬һֻصλ˸µ̶ͬȵشڣìܲǲɵͣ޷ֻҪҵһ㣬װˣͨƶϵĸĸѹصλĸɾӻһ񾯵һܺõ·ӣһҪԴ󵨴ܽõľȻȫʡƹ㡣
̬֧Աѩ뷨ھţ˼캣֮ȴɫãоԱѩҪУԱѩ϶ǴƶȸĸĻڲԱֻƶ飬϶Ȼʡ쵼֧뷨ôҾûа취ˣȻСˣԱѩһзǳĶ
ȻԱѩ뷨Ļϣֻķݶп˵ʸˣֻĬĬţ쵼ӳԱһ飬ûʲô
һ̬ѧҲڽһ£ʾƶȵĸĸһƶչҪʩһʡҲҪ뷨ƶȸĸصԱҲһ߹λ칫ңĹɼ칫ģΥӶģҪһߣߵȺȥȺڡ
ѧ˶̬ھ͸ǿȴһʱû˵˸оѧԼԱѩǲһһͣټҶƽĻָʾǲҪйֽһδ󶯰Ȼ󶯲ίί˿϶ǲӦġ
ھеһҲãǽʲôȴҪãƶȸĸѻظɾһߣһ÷飬ȷûԣҲܷԣһҪʾ֧֣ϾǹĹɣҪǷˣѧ˿϶еܲ졣
ѩͬ־ҪƶȸĸܺãǺѧȫ֧֣ίԴҲǸԿ϶ͬʱҲҪǵƶȸĸǣ˺ܶ࣬һҪأһҪóһϸĹύίоһ£ڳί֮ͨٽʵʩȽףǣѧǾΣ
ھһڽĻĿǼǿйֵĿƣԱѩʲôƶȸĸίо֮ͨʵʩԱѩԸ顣


1546 о۱
ھһ־ǰεõԼϣԱѩǸеһΪ֪ھ֧캣ְھĶ˿ʡίʵʩͿƹίȻͿԶԾвɲдˣ쵼ӳԱȲȥǣȻھҪóίо飬ûȨˡ
ѧ˵ȻҲǴˣھĻҲôһ£ȻǣȨ޵⣬ʡίȻ޷ֱӹܵй֣йֵȨίУ˵ھϴʡʡֻܽЭָ޷ֱйôȻǸʡУĻھʡίǿ쵼й֣ίˣȻھƽֻҪھӣκβھ
ԱѩоȡһµĻƶȸĸﻹ̥ˣԼæ˵ǣƶȸĸҰѷóȽʡίһϾƶȸĸʡίʡһ±ȽϺãʡίʡѺùԺύίо
Աѩʡίʡ̧˳ͼʡίʡԿھѳֵίһһ壬ѧ˲Уͬѹأǵڰ˵ˡ
Ȼȵһ˵꣬ǽӻѩͬ־һЩҾÿԣʱʡίһСǹεƶȸĸչ˳һЩ
ھǰðһߣǱŷаԲûıõģȽ˲߻ġ
ǿͬ־ʱҲҪѰѹأʡͬ־ھĻ֮󣬱ŤͷԸǿ˵ѸǿҲŽΪһʡίĵСˡ
ھԼԱѩ˹У캣˿ۻңʶ⣬еЩͿ֪ΪʲôЩ顣
һ꣬Ǻѧһȥһȥһһ¾ҵĽ裬ھȻͬţоҿǹȻĻƶȸĸͻԱѩֱӸˣӶƲίĿơ
˻һοһ񾯣ھҲˣҶϴЦݣ·ղʲôҲûзһʵȴǰӿ
ι꾯ҵĽ֮ѧ˾ˣھ֮飬оԴԱѩﵣιֳ֮ŸһЩ飬˲ٵ鷳޷סԱѩ
룬ھȥԺǰѸǿеİ칫ңøǿȫ뵽ֵڲȥպƶȸĸ飬ùڲʧء
ǿ˼޷ŰƶȸĸίԱѩôŪôŪĻֿɾȫԱѩˡ
ԱѩԺ󣬱ӦھԹֵĿƣ벻ƶȸĸ¾Ȼھʮӣھ֮ǰ֮Բͬ캣ⱳһԭģ캣ھĹϵӦȽС
ոӲ깤֮ԱѩץʮծԱڰˣ캣йһʵȻ캣ȴǸֻһþףȨִ£黹ǰʮ˸ˡ
ֽ飬ԱѩǸʮ˺ܿӺ᷸оִڶӦ²ǡ
Աѩţ캣ǸʷǳӣܴģҪųߵ㣬ܼһʱ
캣ǰԱѩһǸо캣һֱڹͷһЩûˣֲгһֱ¹ô참̣ڰ£ֱӰˣȴģԸȥ¡
Աѩֻðڰ֣캣뿪ˣҪȥץһҪݺݵشһЩڶĴڡ
һǵЩ֮Աѩȥһй־֣ȥ飬ҪЩ˸ץȻǷݷˡ
ǻũҷծС죬뿪֮ϴ˵ʡǶûк£ʡҲˣȻȫˡ
һ꣬ǵʱȻܵũҲ˹ȥ£Ȼ֮ǰɳҲˣǸ£ũҲ˹ݵϰֱӰ˴
ȻŹũҲ˹ϰʱ־ֵѸٳȫץסˣԱѩץ֮־һֱעЩ˵Ķ򣬵֪ǿҪǰũҲ˹ݽ£˲ãһˡ
ȻֻǰץδǣҪоģԱѩҪ顣
ԱѩʱҶƽʡίίᣬоص飬άڻ۱Υ͵⣬ʡίίоһ£ְ˫棬˫ְ
ְ˫棬Ȼڵ۱飬Ϊһȱְ۱϶ͻʧȥϣˣڶͻƣ˫ְ۱϶һϣڵʱܾͻ翹ϾǴ¹ͼ칤ˣǳǿ
άһ֮Ҷƽ˵۱ǣģύôһ飬۱֮ǰһֱ¼ͼ칤ȻȴǳΥΥ͵ˣҵȰְȻʡί˫棬һܺõЧҿô
ҶƽһԺһάͬ־۱Υ͵ȷĹɵǸɹɣͶʣͶʣֻ΢ΥͣΥ쵼Աɲܾ̰ҵĹ涨ǻﲻ˫ĵزɣ
Ժʵ飬άǻش۱ȷͶһЩǮȻͶЩǮõǮɱҲ˵ͶǮĿڸոɹɵ飬ԣ϶ҵõĸɹɣܻߡ
άھ˵˼ҳЧãָһЩǮҲģδ˵յľǸɹɰϾҲͶǮģȻͶǮ࣬ǲͲܸ߰Ҹоڷ϶Щ⣬ֻΥͣͬ˫Ҫƽ˾ȻɷĻ˾Ҫ˫һ쵼ɲҿЩģ
ھԺһ£ȻǶҪԶ۱ȡ˫ʩģάһüͷˣѵ۱֮Ĺϵǳ


1547 ۱ɱ
ھԺ۱ɣҶƽее⣬Ͼ۱ҵͶɣõʷֺ죬ȻԵͶһǮҲڸǲøɹܻߵɡ
Ȼȴ˷뱣ס۱⣬üίĹչȥ
ֿԶУϾ۱ڰʡίô꣬ʡڵĹϵ϶ܸӣԺھĹϵ϶һ㣬˷ʡί۱ʵ˫棬ͺֵζˡ
Ҷƽɨһۣ˵ڵĸܷԽԽƻˣ۱ϼͼ죬֪ιһЩ飬ΪͶʣʵΪøɹɣҵЧٺãҲܸôķֺ죬ֻҵͶ˼ʮǮȻ⼸ķֺȻߴԪĸ߶ֺ죬ĸͶܴﵽǹͷҲﲻɣԵĹΪûʲôԸеʵģҼίҲΥΥΪҪȡ˫ʩܰˣԣҪϣ۱˫ˡ
Ҷƽ̬ȫ֧ʡίԺһüͷһ壬һ˵Ҷ˵ҲǣȷЩϱͶٵõĶ࣬ĺ»ң۱ûʡίǵݣǲܵģֻһʣôյܵܵҵΪʲôôΪʲô۱ɹأΪյܵܵҵṩʲôأ
Ժ⵹һҪش⣬ΪֻǵõôͻṹܻߵģһҪṩ˰ûṩ˼˵۱ģίôܹܵõ˼أ
ά֮˵ǵǰյյĵ֮ܵԻ۱ĸɹɣҪõ۱ıӻΪеܲܵԼ£ˣҪ۱ļͼɲṩӻԲŻ͸ɹɸ֮ǰյ֮һֱûеõ鴦Ϊ۱ίǰӵԵʣԣյܵܵҵԸ͸ɹɸ۱ԭ򡣡
Ժû˵ʲôھȴ˵۱յûв壿ûв壬Ǿ֤۱յ°
ά˷ӳˣǵʱڿǵӰ飬ûȥ׷飬ȻǷ۱ɹ֮󣬱ǿǵԭˣ۱ûиյĵܵṩʲôİһ֪ˡ
άھȥʲôˣҶƽӹͷֽһ飬ͨȥ۱ְԼȷ۱˫ľ
ʡίίɢ֮󣬹άҶƽİ칫ңٻ㱨һ¡ʡίίϵ˶ǿˣʡЩˣʡίʡڼӴ󷴸ܵȣҪԽԽ
ά۱һҪãȻ鷳ģκ˵лҶƽά˵
άҶƽ˼쳣ίϣԺھ˷ԵȻҲͬˣǶǱȽϹעģӰòãǵʱʡίǲýˡ
ʡίίῪԺ󣬹ά̰»ȥʡȥ˫۱Ȼǵʡǰʮӣ۱Լİ칫¥ɱ
»ʱ򾯲컹ûе̴۱¥ɱ۱һ˲ɢǰôĺǳһֽҽʧʱĳ֮С
۱ǰΪʡίǣλȨأʡΣҲְλΪһ֣ĵλȻһ޷ȵϵģһ˲䣬һжûˡ
»֮ŶԹԹ˫Ҳ˵һ֮ȻһУҲе޳˭֪컹ϯ̸̨Цĸ߹٣ͲΪ
»̴֮绰ά㱨άӵ֮ΪԾΪʲôոտ곣ίᣬȥ˫ˣ۱ɱˣίϵϢ˭͸©ȥģ
Ȼ۱ΪѡڵͻȻɱȻԲɱڻûйĽۣǴӵǰ۱ɱĿ˭İ칫¥ɱأ
άӵ»ı֮绰ҶƽҶƽ飬Ҷƽӵ֮󣬵ȻҲʮֳԾ벻۱Ȼɱ
۱һǰ֪Ҫ˫£ȶеѹ󣬴Ӷѡ·ȻҲпϣɱסѹѡ񣬲ô۱һΪܲ˱ѹɱġ
Ҷƽһ룬̴绰ѧɣԴ˵ʡԺ۱ɱһ£Ȼ󱨵ʡί
ѧɽӵҶƽĵ绰ҲǴһȻæԱʡ磬ʱɳ񾯽ӵѾʱ»Ȼֳ
»ѧ֣ʲôҲû˵ѧɿ»֪Ǹʲôˣ۱ʱɱҲǺ˸е̫ɺˡ
ԱѩӵԺҲǸ˹йֳԼϽ϶ҲҪһ
ʡĴԺ׷ҽԺҽԺ󣬷۱Ѿ۱İ칫¥Ȼˮ·棬ԲֱײϣûκĿܡ
ֳ֮۱ʬ屻̧ߣȻʡڲҲǻָƽǵ¥ɱĳǺܴģĹԱ¥ͷ칫ˣۼһ顣
ʬ̧֮»ѧɵ˾ˣѧɶ»ǣǲҪһȥʡί㱨һ
»һµȥɣһʡίٱһ£ʡίǱ߾㱨ɡ
»Ըȥʡί㱨ѧȻǿʡίԺԺ»ȥʡί¥ѧȥʡί칫ȼ򵥵ʡί㱨һ£ھĵ۵ȵ˵Ҫʡί칫򵥱һ¡
ѧɵʡί칫Ժ󣬾ȥҷ鳤Ҷƽ㱨ĻȽϷ£ֻ㱨һ£һʡίʲôµָʾ
֮ѧȰһ£ȻͶԷ˵۱ʡΣʡһελɱҪиᷢϢأ
Ҫ鳤㱨һ£Ҵȥ鳤
ѧȻҪһȥˣ鳤ڿδ飬ֻʡί̬ˣΪźô顣
ѧɸڷĺİ칫ҡ


1548 λظ
ѧɵĻ㱨֮󣬶ʱüͷ˵ҿҲҶǻ㱨һ²С
Ҳѧɵ鳤Ҫɣͷ֮ظɣȻäĿظɵġ
ǿ϶ģǲôظأȰ۱¥ɱ֮ٹ㱨
ѧɹҪǺʡίͨõʱĲʡίûа취ظں棬Ҳͨˡ
ѧȻȥ飬ʱϿʼ۱ɱͼƬͼƬֻڲ˲ĵõһڲ˰ЩͼƬ
ܿҪýվϱ˳ýĴҲ˼ʡһ׹¥
û۱֣ͬʱҲû˵۱¥׹¥ͺܽˣ׹¥¥¥ϾͿ϶ɱˣ׹¥ԭܶ࣬ȫڴȥˡ
Ϣһ˸˵һǸ̰٣ηɱɣе˵ⲻηɱпɱڣ˵ηɱɱڣˣܶ˷ˣ˵֢¥ɣˣٷظһġ
ϵĻظʲôУһʱ֮ʾرǿرȻȴֻûоţֻӱõϢǷվϣǲ֪٣ýվҲǲ֪ʵ
ʱҪųʽṫӶʵùȥ
ʡŰ츺£ǵȻܿǿţʾʡ칫Σʡ칫θоش󣬾ʡŽʾŽ֮󣬾빫ϵѹĵṫһ¾ˡ
ʡŰϵѧɣⷽʱѾ밸ʱˣϿȷ۱¥ɱųɱɣͬʱͨ߷ʡڲԱ֪һʱ۱£һֱѣҲкԭǻкʲôģȥ񲻴á
鵽ѧ룬ų۱ʲô񼲲ΪúõôɱȻ̰Ǯǲǹаȴֱ¥ɱһ
ʡŰѧɵ֮󣬱˵ҿ۱һǵʲô֢Ǽ¥ظҸоȽϺã㿴أ
ѧɵɱǿ϶ģǲ֢ڻ֤ݲ㣬Ҽʹ֤㣬ṫҲкܶ˲ŵģΪҪأʡίǱҲҪͨõʱʡί֪Ǿǹˣ񲻱
ʡŰоҲǣڵ˵ɶţظˣȷʵ⣬ʡί칫ϵһ£ʡί칫ѸأȻʱǿ϶ֱ絽ǵͷϡ
ʡŰκѧһȥʡί칫ҵᣬǴȥҶƽ
ҶƽʵҲһֱڹע£ߴŹֵϷзӰ쵽ʡ
ȵʡŰκѧɹ㱨ҶƽʵѧɾͰѵ˳
ѧɵܣҶƽĿǰֻȷһʵǾ۱¥ɱģûȥɱҪṫΪʲôҪ¥ɱڻûеظҪ׼ȷϢڣһЩԼڹһ湫ڲţһǰԽԽӣֻҪһ͹ʵˣ۱ȷ¥ɱ۱쵼˭ȥɱ
ҶƽһʡŰ˵ҶǣǻȥԺظһЩҪ̫ˡ
ҶƽȻ۱ֻɱҲҪڽһ۱ʱɱģɱʱ䣬ɱ֮ǰ٣ЩҲҪһ£ôʶɱģ˻˵ڸʲôûе£ΪǹɾͲˡ
ʡŰͷǣȻʡŰλȥԺ󣬾ͽʡ칫αһ£ȻͿʼй
ʡŰξվϹһϢʡ۱һĻظڻظͰ۱¥齲˳
ʡŰĻظһǿȻǲţһ¥ɱ϶˰ɱͰƵ
ǵ߼ûԵģ۱ɱƵأǵ߼ģֻҪһ㻳֮ǷһУڻͬʱǴȥ࣬ǵԺֻл֡
ǲǻɲɣֻǰѿ͹۵ṫˣеͳ˵ôһûΪʲôҪɱôҹأԵ޹ʲɱɣ
ɵĺãҶƽʡŰ֮󣬰ѹά˹ֹͣ۱ĵ飬Ҫ۱һЩΥʵԺṫһ£۱֮¥ɱΪηɱὲȻڻỳɵġ
ҵȵ֮ʡίйӶùڵõһȫϢŴȺھͲٻȥҲˡ
άӵҶƽָʾ̰֮Աչ۱Ѿȥ¾ͲٵˣΪԺ󣬾û취׷ˣ˵ʲô͵ΣԺ󣬺ܶûа취ˣû˼ҵĻ¸ֻԼл֪ܻߵˣл߼ʹϣҲû취֤ˣ֤ԭҪġ
ֻȥ۱ɹɵ飬Ϊ鲻пڹһһЩ֤ݣֻҪ֤ݾͿ֤ܶණˡ
ŬĹʡίԱڰ۱ɹɵ鳹ײ壬Ͽ϶۱ɹΥ͵ʵһάǰҶƽҪй
ʡίṫ۱ΥͣΥʵҵĸɹɣʡίһֱڵ۱ˣ۱Ѿɱֹֻ飬ڲʵ
ʡίϢйṫ֪˺ܶʡίϢȽϿ͹ʵѾ˵ȷٵˣһһЩܵ˳ôҸеȷˡ
ȻʡίĹû˵۱ηɱǴѾηɱⷽȥˣҲ˵ȺԲֱ߱˵һЩҪرȷǰ£ֱӹһЩڻɵˡ
ʡίϢ֮ϵȻֶǻɵٶˡ


1549 ¸ĸ
۱нƽϢϢĹ͸ùڶ۱¥ɱһ±ЩϾڷĸѹ̬£һЩܷӾܲסǿⲿѹ򼫶Ǽпܵ飬ⱳʲôıƣɱˣ˱ǣɱڣ뷨̫ڣҲϿ͹۵ʵ
۱ɱɵӰܴһЩ˸е겻ѣΪ۱ʡֱŸˣλӲͣǴԼİ칫ɱʡڲԱγɵ˼ȽϴҶƽѸٽίһεȥһ֣ȶڲġ
۱ܵʱβʡϣʡڲԱΪĿܵǣеֻţΪ۱ڹĴ¥ȥɱе־壬ͻȻ֮һ˴¥£ʱʧһ˵ܵĳ̫󣬶˻ǵҪ쵼
ʡڲܿ쵼֮ƽˣʡλԱ۱ɱҲǸпǧǱϾЩһֻǸе̫޳ѹ̫۱ǰʡίǶⲻߵ·ϣʡίķܾ̫ˡ
۱Ȼˣʡίûȫֹĵ飬ǽõĸɹõ߿ȫûգԲΪ۱ˣȻõǮƻ̳УҲ˵һҸȫˣԲС
ԱѩҲ˶۱¥ɱĵ飬ڵϵ۱ԱѩҲǸпǧ۱ûйʲôӴǿһʬǰҲͬĸо˵۱쵼ɲҲΪʡķҵҲȡ˲СĳɼȻȴΪԼĸܶɱⲻܲ˵һַ̡
ͬʱЩܵ۱˸еˣ˵Ų鴦ְˣǧߵ֮·򲻵˳Цһǰ鴦ֽкá
Աѩ֮󣬱μǿڲƶȸĸ飬ƶڲĸĸǹڱҪеĴʩˣֻھҪҪίίۣȡʡίѹأ֮ίίоķֻҪʡίоȷ飬ίίٱ䶯ĿԲٲôˡ
Աѩ캣ʮծǷڵ£ûκεĽչ캣һá
Աѩָ־־ֳ绰ץӣһҪ뷨ѵصŻ
־ֵľֳҲ캣ˣ캣ȻӵԱѩĵ绰֮󣬱̬һҪе飬ºû̫ȥ飬ԱѩҪﵽЧûдﵽ
֪֮ԱѩſʼڲµһھֻأȻ뷨ļ־ֵľֳֵϣһЩʬλز͵ļһõ
Աѩǰ¸ĸķύʡί͹ʡίҲ˹УԱѩĸĸ﷽һپֻڲԱһǽ˵ɣԹϵͳƿǴǿˡ
Աѩ뷨˲ܿ캣ͼֳ֪֮ھֵίϾͱʾ飬ΪϵͳڲԱĲȶӰ쵽ȫеĹȽֻڲԱŪһȥϵĴȵҪһܸô죬⡣
ѾֻڲԱֻԵĶһЩͨĹԱЩԱеıŹϵеûκιϵеԭйϵûйϵˣЩͨԱȻܲԸ뿪ֻأֻҪֵίˣǲҲӣҪǣӰ쵽캣ǵ棬ǲŻְ֧ѾֻڲԱֻص
ҪдģµԵǾв쵼ɲЩ˶źеĹϵǣ϶Ӱ쵽ǣǵȻҪԡ
ԱѩǵĻ֮󣬱֪ǵ⣬ȻǵĻһȥˣв쵼Ҳܵ꣬Щʬλز͵ļһһЩԱ޷ﻹôɣ쵼캣赲ţ޷Ķвɲ캣Щ˷ţܸʲô
ԱѩǵķԣֱӱʾʡίĵСϿˣʡί쵼ԴҲֵ֧ģһǸƶȸĸǽҪѾֻڲԱϳֻأԣµǱҪеġ
Աѩ̬ȺܼҴʡίţ캣֮󲻺ٷǺеִģ黹Ҫίίоڿǲܵġ
ֵίԭͨԱѩƶȸĸ﷽ȻʽύʡʡίԱѩԵʡίʡ֮ʡίʡҲԭͬĹһҪύίίˡ
ȻûйѾھֻؿʼˣ˵ҪѾֻڲԱȻ·ŵһȥֻڲԱ·ը˹Ϊϰ˴ھֻصҪǵȥôԸ⣿
ȻȻԸ⣬ûлȨͨĹԱûʲôְȻǳ⣬ֻڱ﷢ɧȻʼŰ취ҹϵߺţֹǻΪ·ŵԱµһȥ
ǲֱҵԱѩ˵飬Աѩæȥҵһ㶼в쵼ɲ²ŵ쵼Ƿֹ쵼ЩϤԱѩȴǲϤȻȥԱѩˡ
һʱ֮䣬ֻؾǽŽĸЩв쵼ɲǲһΪ֪ԼְҪˣǵȻҲǸеǵĲɵӰǺܴǷ׷ҵֹ쵼Լ뷨Եλڲƶȸĸ
캣һԼӳЩ飬ǲҪżҪ̫ĵģͷȴǸеܸˣΪвɲķԻᵼԱѩ뷨ѵõУϣġ
ֹ쵼ӳͬʱЩв쵼ɲʼĥ󹤣йˡ
Աѩ֪ܿеһ˰Ʋͼƻƶȸĸ֣Щӳھƶȸĸ﷽ͨˡ
ھǲ֧飬˷ԵĽڣ»ôɣʹھֱӷĸ﷽ڸô죿
ԱѩòǵЩеԱķһ˸߹һˣôƶȸĸܲеˣֳܸܲɵȥˣ˿϶ڴ˻϶ɣҡڹڲĵλ


1550 ˷
Ϲйֵƶȸĸ˵й־ֳΪԼڲְҪڲְԱȫϵƫԶĻ㣬ⲻڶɾǹĥɾľֳûڻһҲְ
Աѩвɲ켺ַŲɸ˵ĿģԣӦһƣľֳΪΪ
ڵصһ̳﷢ģȻӲӮͬ飬һȻԹصӰ죬Աѩ֪ܿ飬һʱȻṵ֧̆ӵ֧ӳйһƪӵ˭ģһҪ
֧ӳȥͺΪѣ˵ò飬ⲿ˷ģҲûãڲ˷ģǿ϶ڼ﷢ǻᵽĸ﷢Щڵʲôģδܲõ
ԼǰīԱѩһ˵Ͳ飬ôķϻҪǲ鲻ܲ鵽֧ӳ
Աѩʱй֣Ϊ²һڲ˷ģⲿ˲飬ҪֹĽһӣȫûдʶֻԼСžţǿȥȺڣԼ˵ˡ
֧ӶӳԱѩ˻Ȼû˰취ֻûȥ˲һ飬ͨ豸ܿǲ鵽˷ĵطȻһɣȥɵ飬һ̨Ϸģ˭ġ
񾯱ɵأһԱɣֻǴһ֣޷бΪ˷ƪҲ׼
ڴ˿֣޷˵޷˵ݣȻɸʲôʵƣһɣû֤ǼƶȣҲ޷ݡ
֧ӳһ棬Աѩ֮󲻽𣬿ڰ԰뵽˵˵Ƭþֻصĸɾһûʶġ
֧ӳԾ֣ҿ¾˰ɣб˵ҲָʹĶأ˵ƪӲûʲôӰ죬ɾˡ
ĻԱѩе˵Ҳǣִĵز飬뾯ˣҪٸСǺÿ
ôһ￴һٲ鲻ˡԱѩ֧ӳҪƬϴôҿһûʶġ
ֻ֧հ죬û뵽ϳˣȻϳûվ˭ĵظԱѩдһţ˵˿ȥδκͬѧ·ļƶǳ
ӵٱţԱѩ̿˿ǸеܿƪһĹδǹµģȻһµȴǷӣ̫ˣ⵽׻˵ʲôأ
ٱҲѺͬѧֽˣҪҪȥ麫ͬѧ֪ԺԱѩûٰ˵£ΪԱӣǣ˺϶ǲʵˡ
뵽Աѩϵ־ֵľֳֳȽϽһһŮֳоȽϿɿһ¡
ŮֳԱѩ˰ţŮֳشӦˣȻû뵽عͷȥ캣ˣΪʲôأΪ캣ݣһԶδǰӳԱκδߣŮֳ캣ȥģ캣ϵֻܽԱѩ֮󣬳ڶŮͬ־ԭԱѩߵúܽԱѩûһԱ
¼Ȼ鵽ˣ캣е⣬û뵽ô֪ˣҪҺҲ棬Աѩһۡ
캣һԸ־־ֳȻ֪ôˣ˼죬ظ˵ԱȥνͬѧˣϷʲôӣƬҲһǸˡ
ԱѩüͷŮֳ˵˴Һú
ԱѩҪŮֳ¶һ˿ײı飬æ˵ڵȥˣԾҪٺϵ
ϻ׷Աѩ
ԱѩʱͻȻֳһƪӣƪֱӹԱѩˣ˵Ȩˣϰ˵ˣһһ̰١
ƪһЩҲʼˣ׷ԣáԱѩ˵λƯŮֳʡ쵼ˣԲŵϹֵľֳģʲô
˵ⷬ˲ûָλʡ쵼Ǻ˸дһҶ֣ʾҶƽ˵ú¶ǣֱˣֱӹҶƽˡ
Աѩ˼ŷ⣬һֱˣ֧֧ӳйһͨĹôģΪʲôûмʱң
֧ӳæ͵ҲǸոտûüأ
о֧ӳЩӦԱѩӻ־ˣϰɾڶ⹥ڿܰ˲ˣΪһ飬˻ᷢˣ˵һжڲڲٿ£ȻҪƶȸĸˡ
Աѩ˰죬оð鱨Ҷƽ۵ˣҶƽ֪²С
뵽Աѩϴһ绰ԼҪҶƽϽӵ绰֮Ҷƽ˻㱨ҶƽҪԼһ룬ýϸһʱ䣬Լ
սϵİţԱѩӵʱʡίԺ˵ԱѩֻеĹֳҶƽֲֹԱѩǻ˵ע⣬ԱѩǴӲͷģҶҪ߿һ۵ģԱѩигɲһʡίӦҲȨɣ
ԱѩҲûʲô˼ɵģܿҶƽİ칫ңһ칫ңԱѩǼæҶƽһӵ顣
û뵽йڲ˸ӣȻ˹Աѩˣ˳ŰҲˣд
ѩĺΪʲôҶƽԱѩһ䡣
Աѩһ˵ҿĺ캣캣һֱҶţ֧ҵĹԲŻɾԱ˼ңһֱҪ캣ȥί֧֣
Ҷƽɫ˳˵ί˭֧֣
Աѩгֵ֧ģǺίǣίֲ֧֯֡
ҶƽһǺǵЦһ£˵ҾˣǸгһֳָˣѵҪʡίԳ治ɣ
Աѩƽô󵨣ҿҲҪģҪ¾ˣҾȥˡ


1551 캣
ԱѩҶƽΰԱѩ⣬캣ίȨȻʡίǵȴֱӲ飬ھ֮䲢ģ£ֻǸھһкδܹá
뵽Ҷƽо»治ܵģԱѩǳǿʡίǲ뷨Աѩһ㹻֧֣ԱѩĻ²ȥˡ
Ҷƽһ룬ҲҪ֧ԱѩƶȸĸˣίǱίֱȥƣʱߴ˾֧ίˡ
Ҫΰ캣Ҷƽ룬ȻƽôͰҪ벦ͲίҪʡίԲ
ѩ캣죬ίл㱨ٸң֮йĹҪǿ˴ӣԲǵĿĵóѣҶƽԱѩԸ
ԱѩͷӦҶƽʡίǣƿǳǿŻ᳤ھѳеȫȨʡί޷κε顣
ƽӵܶӣҪҪʡһ£Աѩ뵽йڲ̫ӣʡһ¡
ԱѩĻҶƽȲҪЩˣԸҽǽˣֻҪ˳Ǿ飬ЩȻͲڣ
Ҷƽ˻ԱѩǲȥЩˣȻǻȥ뷨ƶȸĸ龡ύίۡ
ҶƽԱѩԺһð칫ϱһйǵԼİ칫һˡ
˽ӵ칫ĵ绰֪ʲô飬Ҷƽİ칫ңһҶƽк£һۣҶƽ˵ϣǽйһ飬йи캣ģʡί˿ô
ϱ֪ҶƽôעйһɲɲȻ֪ϱҲʶֻǺҶƽΪʲôҪʡίȥ
˵Ҷǣ캣ʡίʲôйֵĸֳίҲûʲôλӰ
Ҷƽɨһ۵λͬ־ǴɲίȻҪһȻҲ˶ˣίθѲԱǿô
һҶƽҪ캣ʡίθѲԱһƺʲôȻ캣ʡǸһˣ˸ɲɲȴֻһ쵼ְȨĺȻ޷ʡеĹֳָᲢˣеʱΪ˰Ÿɲò輸쵼ְ캣ƾ
ϱҶƽһ£ҶƽרŰ飬ǸйֳԱѩҶƽĹϵʮУȻ飬ϾйίʡίĻ飬Ȼ캣εʡίʡί־˳ˡ
еãϱҲǴˣȻﷴԵ֪캣ӦھˣھȽɲɹֳĻžͻ캣Ӿֳ֮λˣԱѩιֳ캣Ȼûʲôˡ
Ҷƽ캣һ£ʮУΪھҶƽרŵйֵĸɲֱƲھʡί԰ţھȻڳίһƱ֮ȨǵʱѶǷҲûˡ
ûҶôţ֯ôˡϱһ±ֱӴӦ
ͬ⣬캣ǸʸĸֳʡίһǹһҲʣֻǲҪίǱߴк
ҶƽصЩ黹ң˰鴦ãϳίᣡ
Ҷƽһ˵̲ˣʵЩ޴ҶƽҪֻĿ꣬ڹôôȥܣҪȥίкȥˣҪʡίίкɣ
֮£ʵſһҶƽھ̬ȣŲھкҪкĻҲϱȥ
һҶƽİ칫ҳǶϱ˵ϲ֯㣬ʲôҪίЭģЭ
ɲ֯£ɲɲͬίҪЭɲˣȫƸϱĻǾЩˡ
ˣϱ˵֯㣬캣ǵίҪίкɣǴк֯ͺÿչˡ
һЦϲίֻίк黹Ӧ֯Ȩްɣҿɲ֯Ȩģ
ˣͷϱ˵ǣҪǲˣĴʲôȨ飬һҪίڹܣӹɲĹ˵ɲĵҪί£֯ЭܣֻҪѡĸɲ֯ûвͬģ黹ίΪǰЭˣֱ֯÷ʡίˡ
һϱҲɵԸȥھкеֻˣȻ˵Ҷƽϱһ캣ȴҪί˳ذ캣ίʡίҪҪϱƤʱҶƽһ
һ룬ֻЦŴӦȥھЭһ£ƸϱģڿƲȥ
֮ȥԺ󣬱ǰʡίβȥϵίǸǿ̸һ̸캣£͸ǿ˵ˣҲ൱ںھˡ
βϵǿβֻǰ˼ǿͨԸ֪͸ǿһ˵£ǿʡίôŴйֵˣ
βξ͸֪쵼ŵģֻǴкǾͲùˡ
ʡίôԵǿȻǺܲˣеĸɲҲһ£ֱ֪ͨǣҲ̫ίˡ
βεĵ绰֮󣬸ǿȥھӳһ飬캣ھĺˣҪھ˵һǿ϶ǲеġ
ھǿһ˵ھüͷ˵ʡί˵캣Ǳ߸ʲô
ǿ֮˵ˣ¬β˵˵ǰŵģʲôֻ֪ڻ˽ȵ˽֮ٸңֻȺͨ


1552 ײ
ǿھһھ۾飬벻ʡί캣ǲʲôð
ǿ뷨ȥһ£ô£ͷңھǿŵ
ǿһϴӦˣȻȥϵʡίٴһ£ھҪҪͬ캣ߣ캣ԸⲻԸߡ
ԱѩصͷԺ󣬱ŰβκβȥռôҪĸλΪָʹϷɡ
Աѩһ룬ټһξֵί飬оƶȸĸ飬Ȼγ󶨸ı潻ίȥ
캣ȼֳңʱ캣֪пܱйֵ飬Ҵ£Աѩǰƶȸĸҽһ£ôٷһ
캣֮˼Ȼһ̧ͷ캣˵ƶȸĸﲻǲУҾðɣǣԱڶ࣬ҾûҪΪҪ̫֮ڿݸĸݰǲ֮һЩԣҽ黹ݻίôҶɹʶУ
캣һֳǿʼͣԱѩһɫȻ˵ûвֻ֮һ۵жϣЩ鼱ãЩͲܲͻ¼ܲڵλ˸£ܲݸĸ﷽ʡίѾϿɣھύί飬ǾͲҪˣ˾ֳݷϱίô
Աѩ̬ǿӲ캣һӲԲģ˵ҽίﲻʣԾԽίɡ
ؿһ캣ԱѩͲ˵Ͷˣ˵һ£βκҽ֧ȥθ֧ӳʲô
Աѩһ䣬캣ס˵βεúúõģΪʲô֧ȥ
Աѩһ˵֧ӵĹҪǿȥﵣθ֧ӳʣɻ𣿡
캣ҾӦ󺫽˵ͬȥ֧ӣͲǿе
Աѩһ˵ô˵Ҷͬ⣬ǾͲܸƶȸĸˣ¶ҪǱͬ⣬ôܷǲǾͲܲˣʲô߼ɨƴǹڣ˴ѵ⣬ҲûʲôչҪҪһ´ҵ㲻㣿Ҫ֧ȥǾֵίȨ˲ԸȥͿԲȥģ
Աѩһ캣Цһ˵ԾֳֵίȨĳ˵Ȩɣ
캣ԱѩľԱѩҲЦһҲĳܷԵ˵ģбҪĻֳҪĳ˻رܣ
ԱѩӰ享캣ݹϵ캣һ˵ҸûʲôݹϵǶǴԣԾֳҪֱ˵׵ҲûʲôϵҪһ˵ûʲôɣ
ԱѩЦʱȻǾֵίʱԸⲻԸȥ֧ӣҪӾֵίľǹǰ»Ҫ֯ģŴҶᶮӦûʲôʵİɣ
Աѩһ캣˵ԾֳǲҪһ
ԱѩĿؿһ˵ǹصĹãϰղ⣬Ⱥڲ⣬˵ô֯׷Щ˻ܲﳶЩڽʵɣǿ̸㳶ƤҲίʡίӳ
ԱѩǳǿƣΪоٲǿƣͱ캣˸ܿˣʲôҲˣٹһЩǿӲһЩҪܶˡ
캣һȻڶ࣬Աѩһ֣ɲڶײǲֻʱȴʾǺãҲ˵ʲôˣԾֳԼɣ
캣ΪԱѩܵһеҲһУԼԼġ
ǲͬģôͬ־أǶʲôԱѩһֳ
⼸ֳǸ캣ģڿԱѩ캣ֱˣǾҪˣǽ캣棬Ȼǵһ磬ĻԱѩͻֱӰĿ׼ˣԱѩ캣ǶǣоһЩġ
һ뵽ЩǾͲֱӱʾˣǾһԲʾĬԱѩһӣ֪캣һġ
ԱѩһһǵǱ̬һԱѩ캣ǿǣǱǺΪѣǺܿиֳǹͶʾͬ⣬Ͼû캣ĵԡ
Եûһֳ캣ֱӱʾԵģһԱѩȻǲٵͨ飬Ȼ캣ʾ˷ԣ˵֧֣Ӷûġ
ԱѩһһǱ̬캣Եúܷŭֱվ
ӣԱѩҲûʱ˺ƤҲһֺ£ҶƽһҪʰŰɡ
ֵίһǱ֧ȥˣûиеκεףȻ˵֧Ӹ֧ӳҲһȱΪ֧ӵˮ࣬ȴûβھֵίĺĲţںĲţЩʲô֧֧̾ӵ˶ҪͽϾβ£˭ҲǼֱ棿ȻһβںĲˣȻǻ˳Цˡ
ȻֵίһûȨӣֻܵ캣߿࣬ӣ캣͸ֵίз磬ʱҪ뿪βһ˵
캣ȥί֯ӳԱѩȻûȥӳǿ绰ˡ
һ˵ǿίίҸǿǿ֮󣬱ǰʡί˵һ£һʡίҪ캣һ˵ǣʡίԵ޹ΪʲôҪңʡίûʲôԨԴ
캣һǿ˵Ҳе֣ʡίҴкˣҲ˽һȰйһʲô
ǿ캣ϱʾҪй֣ȥʡίʡί˵Ըȥˡ
캣еʡίĵæ̬Ըȥǿһһ˵Ǻã֪뷨ˣڵ׻ʲô˵ģһЩϣ㻹Ҫ˼ϵ׼
ǿһ캣еһ֪˵ʲôˡ


1553 ھ뷨
ǿŪʡί캣ͼˣԭ캣ʡίθѲԱ˵Ҳˣ캣֪£ǲҪеأ
浽ھھɫǸǿܸܵĲ˵ʡίֻǰ캣ƽ黹˵һЩȻȴҪ캣ΪѲԱ캣ίĿƣð캣ȥ
ֻƽίǲ캣ʡίҲίûޣȻȴҪΪʡίѲԱҪʡίôίȻûа취ʡίԿˡ
ھĵط֪ΪʲôôҪԱѩæȻݺȨܲٿصʡίʡί֯ģϱģ
뵽ھһϱȥ绰һ֪֪Ҫ캣Ļʡί֯ȻҪ캣ʡί֯û˵캣ĹûֻʡίһԸѡ
Ÿǿ棬ھϱȥ˵绰Ȼϱ򲢲ٴϵĸɲϱͬŶ꣬ϵȽϲ绰һϱžܰ
绰һϱһʱЦźھ˵򵥺֮ھʡίҪеһɲйֵĸֳ캣ʡίǱûкʡί֯к
ھôһʣϱЦ˵ھǣŰȥ￼أû뵽רŴ绰ˣûʲôɣ
ϱһھеˣԭͺϱѹͨˣֻϱΪʲôͬ⣿ϱĹϵҲһɣ
ϣǸ㽲ģھװһ䡣
ϱϵҶƽǰŵģҺֻհˣ캣ûʲôɣڿʱʲô
ϱһھеһû뵽ҶƽȻ˴£ԭôı
ǺǣϰҶôῴе˲ŰְھЦϱ˵
ϱЦҲҶӢ䣬Ƿˡ
ϱھеﲻˣϱǳҶƽĻȻҪҪҶƽģ
ھ˵绰Ȼ飬Ҷƽרʡίʡί֯캣һˣ϶ԱѩԱѩһֱ캣ߣȻûͬ⣬ȴǳ£һԱѩҵҶƽˣȻҶƽûֱӸкҪ캣ǰϱ£˵ҶƽзģȻͻкˡ
뵽ھеҶƽ֮ìԽԽˣһʡίìܣһί˵϶һǵ飬ȻίʡίίʡڻӴ
ȻԴҶƽ֮ھǸܵҶƽͱ˵̬ƣҶƽͬ䣬ҲҰĲȥʡģҶƽͻȻŽ·ͬʱҲ·ԣܵҶƽ˾롣
ҶƽɸʱھеҶƽʼίˣҸоҶƽҪΣա
ȻҶƽûй˵Ҫְ񣬵УԼҶƽ֮ĽӴʶҶƽܹȵصίǣ˵ĸʱ֣˳ȥ
Ҫ˼飬ֲԣһ˳ҶƽҶƽĻȡҶƽΣסڵλӣһҶƽһЩϼԼҶƽ׵óѣӶҶƽʶǺöԸģӶ˼֮ģ֡
ֲԵףһַһЧȻѶȽϴ󣬶ҲԸ˵Ҷƽ֮Ѿ϶ˣҶƽôأ
뵽ھебҪ캣Ҷƽٽһ£Ҷƽ׵캣Ȼ캣˳ˣԱѩй־ûжˣһҪĲţ޷ԱѩҪ캣ĸֳ
ʱԱѩ㱨ƶȸĸ飬Աѩھһ뵽캣£Ȼ˲֮⡣
Աѩھ㱨һ飬ύίۣھһۣûб̬˵ƶȻûпʼĸͰѺĸλˣȻҪ캣ߣǲǼһЩ
û뵽ھԹֵô͸Աѩ˵ĵǸ˾ֳʡ£ƶȸĸﲢͻ
ھһ˵캣ҪߣΪʲôһ㱨أ
ԱѩھһۣоթһΪ֪캣Ҫߵ£һ˵ʡҪô֪ҲǸǸҵġ
ھһµѩͬ־ʲôﲻأΪʲôҪȥ쵼أ
ھһȻĪˣԱѩԵǣ齲һЩôȥ쵼ˣ쵼ҪҸеܲס
ԱѩȻװͿھ治׻Ǽٲף㲻ǹֳһǸгʲôҪڲǵҪ캣ĻҲǲӦֻǾ캣ڹֿԸһЩ飬ʲôãΪʲôҪأ
ھԱѩֱ˵ǣȻѻ˵ˣҲֱ˵˰ɣ캣Ϊֵĸֳǳ񸱾ֳںܶϲҽϣɨƴǵĹϷǳʵϹɫڹѾһˣҪְĵλȥ˵Ҳһ£Ȼ֯ίͬ⣬Ҳǳֱ̬ȣʲô취ʡίҪǰìܽˣȻε
Աѩһھ˵㶼ΪεʡίȴҪìʡί֯Ҫ캣ú𣿡
һ˵ԱѩʶŪ˰ԼĻأ˵ʡ£ûйϵˣʡΪεҲۣʡΪܵҲδ֪㲻Ҫҽ
ھͻȻǺһЦǸгһǹֳôۣܲʱʡί֯϶Ҫ̸ģʱ㣬㲻ʲô˵ɣ㲻ʡһĸɲɣ
ھŷҪ̸캣أԱѩһ룬еھ⣬캣ҪʡίһҶƽ⣬ܲͬ캣ʡί


1554 캣
ԱѩеԼھȦףһʱǿھһۣоһʡίίСԼ˵ʧʡίίݣͬ캣ȥʡĻԼʡｲûбҪץסԼղŻе©
ǣϲ˵ģ֪ΪϲεأԱѩھһھһɫʱ
ˣ˵ˣƶȸĸ£ȷɣԻȥˡھضԱѩ˵
ھԱѩ֪ǲ֧ˣóίо飬ڿҪûϷĻǰ
ǣƶȸĸ׼ʲôʱоԱѩûھ˵
ھһֱûԱѩ˵ʱϰϣԱѩ˫ַڸǰصȥŰɣȻᰲţ
Աѩվҧһ촽оھһŪôãȻţҪȵʲôʱ
ǣҪһȥ֮ȸ㣬ʲôټʱ㱨㿴аɣԱѩһ£Ŀƽؿھ
ھһȴֱ壬·Ӱһ㣬ֵʳָҵش棬ɫһ˵ίỹûоôȸ㣿һ㱨һˣܳе𣿡
ھһ쮣ԱѩеҲˣھһõʡίίίǣȻΪһŮͬ־֧ԼͰˣȴûġ
ǣʡίѾͬ⣬ھͰʡίҪȸ㣬ʲô飬ˣҴְܴ֣ı㣡Աѩѻһ˵꣬һת뿪ھİ칫ңھֱɹһʱھû뵽һ²̨ӡ
ھûȤȻ̬ԴԱѩԱѩϾԲҶƽ֧֣˷䣿ھֻһѣʲô˲ģ
̸ֱھеԼܵðԱѩûʲǫ̂ϿԽʡίԱѩˣߵˣڣôܹԱѩأ
ڿֻ뷨ùڲ˼ܿԱѩˣʡίҪ캣캣һߣôܿգ
ʡί캣߰
ʱʡί֯캣ˣʡί֯һʡίβһοԱ֯ɲ֯ΪίΪʡίҲˡ
֮ʡί֯ĸȥί֯ʡίȥίһͨί֯ίһйֿ캣
ʡͷ캣֪˻Ϊ캣Ҫˣʡί֯ˣȻ֪ȴףԱѩĵɽưһп˵ǸС
캣ʱҲ֪ʡίȥʲôˣԸίίҲԸȥʡίȥһ쵼ְѲԱĹΧһֱУϵ÷ǳ˳һ뿪ȥʡίһİĻ˭
Ե֪Ժھ̸ͱԼԸȥʡίԸоһЩʵ¡̬ȣھе캣뿪йֵĻǺһЩˡ
˲Ըȥһܺõɣʱô졣
캣Կĵûκθ˵ĵطʵ˿ȥʡίŪһѲԱǺܺ𣿴СҲǸ᲻ԸȥأְˣȻԸȥûнְӦȥǡ
ڴ˴ο캣εģԱѩԿͷһЩìܣ˵һЩ캣ôĻôʱ򿼲ͨ캣ûˣ˵캣ôôĺãоܱŤԵʱͷǺܱŤģ뵽󣬾Ȳ˵ûҲ˵Ӧһ¡
ȻһЩȴǲ֪飬캣ھͷìܣȻ캣ھͷҲˣڿʱ򣬾˵ʱ򣬸ͷ֣֯һ£صĲϣǷַ캣ε˲ġ
֯캣̸ʱԼҲʾޣޣʡͷеҵ֯ϲҪԸڻһЩʵʵĹȥͷ˵һ
캣Ȼ̬ȣȻЩԱ⣬ԱΪ˼빤˵ȥɣأô˵ôǣȥ쵼㱨ˡ
һвȥί쵼ģǿȴǸ߿ԱʡͷһɲĽǻҪһ쵼캣йܸɲҪȴ쵼ʡ
Աһһ˵Ҫ鷳쵼쵼캣˵𣿡
ǿǷǳעɲһλɲú壬쵼Ҳˣһ
ԱеЩӣǵʾһ²ִ绰ʾֹܸ֮󣬾͸ǣ쵼ԱԸ飬Ǿȥһǵġ
һ쵼ôԱȻֻˣǿԱίھİ칫ңһ¿
һԱھЦվǴкȥǳУǿί֯ſһģкſԱ¡
֮ھЦŶԿԱ˵ӭô
ھһʣԱǱϹϾ㱨ΪϾʡίίǿԱְߵĲŲǸʮǧأǵĹʲͬھҲС
ԱͰ㱨һ˵˴˴ǰ캣ͼʾȻһЩС⣬ǲӰ֣캣ͬ־ǷεģԱ˵Ȼʵʿھǰ˵첻ϸ񣬲ǻȥ޷ҾҲھѿ
˿Ļ㱨ھһ룬ʵ캣˶οʲô
ھһʣԱֻ˵캣ͬ־Ƚǫ飬˵ԼԸйǫһְֱɣӲҲӳͬ־Ǻϸġ
ھɵһЦǲҪ˵
Աû뵽ھˢˢΪ׵Ŀ鳤˵ǣҾø˻Ҫ֯رбҪջҪ֯ľ


1555 о
Ա˽Եھ˵֮󣬱Ƿ⵱ȻھеˣǿʵǵؽģǲˣҲõſ
ȻҪ֯ڷ֯ǰ£ǿʵһ䱾˵ǻȥд챨ʱҪһ£ҵһҪ󡣡ھֱ򿼲Ա̬
ԱҪȻǲûؾˣϾھǸʡɲأȻǹɲģھȻûκεĵֿġ
ھټԺҲûȥ쵼ʵǴ쵼ʰʰǻȥˡ
ȥԺ֯쵼㱨ͷֹܲھ飬Ҫ캣˵׼ȷķӳڿ챨ϣǸе֣ϱ㱨
ϱڰ칫棬ǵĻ㱨֮󣬱ʲô˼ˣھʡί캣ģھΪ캣ǲϧҪҶƽţˣбҪ
챨ύʡίίᣬָ캣ĻھȻģȻҶƽܾͲˣʱھⷢӣֳһһ͵ӣҶƽ񲻻ھ֮ʲô᣿
ͬھأھ϶Ҷƽϵߵ̫д챨棬ֻҪ˰дȥˣȫʵǵдģӦʲôǰ
뵽ϱһеѰ죬ͬʱָоڵǰ£ھ֮ʲôᣬҪдȥдȥǵģϾ֯Ŀ죬ҲҪ׼ȷӳ˵ھдĿ챨£ҲҪھҶƽΪʲôϣȻΪҶƽģύίᱨ֮ǰȺҶƽͨһ¡
붨Ժϱÿ캣˵дȥȻȵٿʡίίʱܵҶƽҶƽ㱨һ¡
캣ҶƽЦһ£캣Ҳǲʲôˣ¶ԸˣȻʡίθ϶ԸģֻǵθѲԱǸеԸˡ
ϲͷһȻвԸⱻεģ˵Ϊʲôϱ㱨£ҶƽǱȽģ￴ϱʵ
ϱһ˶˵ȷټأ캣˵뷨ǵʡίеİڹչйϤڹǵҲǷϳ
Ҷƽһ۵ˮ಻󼣬Ǵһλϣ׳Ⱑ캣뷨ҾΣˣϲûָо
ϱҶƽ˵أҶ˵Ҳǣ֯ҲǼί飬ʱóίһɣ
ҶƽǺðɣôһɣ
Ҷƽϱ׼ҶƽһȥʡίίңһǰһҶƽˣʱھ˵£Ͳܹˡ
ҶƽͷȻ֪һЩ飬ϱ㱨ˣ֪£δˣȥϱھ֮ûϣʵ˵Ĺϵ֪ģϵǶǰʡίˣмֻҪûʲôìܣϵ϶ǲġ
ίҵѾڳίѾ˻ңʱʡŽİµϳոί칫¥£ҶƽϱһǰһίҵʱŽô¥Ҷƽ
ƽͬ־ˣŽҶƽ֮ЦǺǵ˵
Ž²ҶƽҲЦ˵ʡһȥɣ
ȻҶƽʡίǣŽ߰꣬ϴ磬һֱڰʡҶƽҪȶίĶ࣬ҶƽʱԵ÷ǳŽ˲ûйΪҶƽҶƽԴҲ֪ġ
Ž֮ԲΪ鲿һ֪пҪʡʡίˣҶƽ֮ǰûܵϰʡǣ˵¾Щڻģһ˵жҪʡίǱߵʡίǣ̸еһƬˡ
˷ϲ¾ˬͬʱҲãҪȥʡʡίǣ϶ҪһҶƽԴڿʼҪҶƽúϲǣڲʲô϶ԲŻڼҶƽ֮ôкˡ
߽ʡίίҵʱҶƽȽŽæҶƽȽװκεĴˣҶƽ״ûƴ˽ȥ
ĳίһŤͷֱ̰ˣֹͣ˸ղŵģȻ˻ϱһ
ʡίίᣬоһȫʡ¼չ滮⣬оˣ캣меĸְⶼʡί֯ģеĵиְȱְʡί֯ҪѰӸˡ
ȫʡĸ¼չ滮Ҷƽһ룬ʡҪʵҪչ¼ҵܸڷʡݵĺ棬ಽĻԶҲ׷˼ҡڸ¼ķչҶƽ۶ʡǱʵֶԽӣԶǱ߽һ͵ĸ߿Ƽҵ԰ص㷢չ²ҵ
飬ŽûзԵɣҲܷˣΪˣҲһӷֵ飬
˵ʡС֮Žʾչ¼ҵǰʡı֮·ҪصĹʡĸ¼ҵչ׳
Ž̬Ȼص㷢ԣ֧֣ĳίȡ£չ¼һʱֵᷨûзչǲһˣȻ˵ˣ¼ҵפ԰ȫǴͳĲҵǹͷ
ˣͨǾôôܴﵽĿģȴһܸӵ飬Žôţĳίǻиĳ嶯ȻʵҶƽƶġ
Сܺ󣬾û˵ǿսɲﵣγʡģ˺ᣬҶƽᣬƽʱ˵ҶƽߵļȲҲԶΪʡǱߵĸɲɣûҶƽߵ̫
СҶƽʡǱ߻һƺΪŽ֮ĹϵûУֻǹϵϹϵԶȻ̫׽ҲûоԶ
Ž﷢ԣҶƽűʼǣ򵥼һŽԵҪ㣬һܽᣬȻԼľϡ
Ž֮ʡίԼĿеĳίͰһЩǸеĵ齲˳Ҷƽ˵ǸеȽпϣȷоʱҪһЩܴڵⶼпܱˡ


1556 ķ
ھҲ̬֧飬ΪŽֵ֧ģȻŽˣֵʱҲ֣ر̬Ϊ¼ҵ԰ԶأҲеĵ̣ίǵȻҪ߶ֲ֧С
Ҷƽ֮ԻѡԶطȻΪõĴڣȻȽϴˣǷǳʵĸɲҪѸ¼ҵ԰ط
о¼ҵ԰֮󣬱ˣϱµķһ£Ȼڳίۣ۸иְѡʱһг⣬˶ûʲô顣
гѡǹάģΪΥɣʡίڽйصľٱٴеһίǣ˾ٱڵίڼ䣬Լ¢ϵصḶ́Ȼǳãڿʡί֯ѴΪٴигѡõίоάȻҪ顣
˹άķԣҶƽʱüͷʡί֯񻰣ǽ壬ôΪгѡõίˣ
Ժھά飬ͬҲüͷΪ˾ùάǹҲ磬˵Υɣʡίôûв鴦أ˵յ˾ٱǾٱζӵһըŸߣĳɲΣôȫţ
ǹά˵ȽأΪ˱ĻӰ쵽ǱˣԹά֮ʱûзԣ̬չ
ڹά飬ϱҲ˵ΪгٴίƼģȻ˵ʡί֯ѡθɲ벻سίƼϾʡί֯ǼĿ죬ǲܰһ˵ȫģЩɲϤĻǵصĵί
Ȼʡί֯ȥ֮ĻҲпܴʧְĵطϾȥĲ죬ûзκε⣬ҲпǱɱˣȻҲǱĿܣȻίҪˣҪ֤ڿ׶βκε⡣
ڹάӳ֮ί￴̬ķչ̬Ϊ֪гѡٴĸɲûԺھйϵ˵Ҷƽûб̬֮ǰκα̬ҲǺ顣
ίڹάӳ֮󲻱̬ˣҶƽɨ˴һ˵άǣᵽмɿԣ
άʡίڻûȥ飬ҷɵĿԣΪڴ֮ǰ˾ٱΪܵˣٱŶԣҷٱһʵԣˣǴΣ
άͬ־ʡίûȥ飬жϳɵĿԣǲЩˣھٱɣ֪ʲôûʵٱʵٱҾûбҪ̫ӣǲǣάһ˵꣬ԺԴ·£˼̫гѡʲôĹϵʱҪάһ¡
ԺͻȻ廰άüͷһ壬˵ʵٱĻͲˣܵȵڣǲʵٱδؾû⣬ȻǼȻ⣬һͷͰȥһ顣
άһԺɫǱúѿά˳Ҫȥ飬ⲻùά
ﶷ죬Ҷƽϱϲ֯ôûʲô⣿
⻰ʵϱѹȽϴΪûпʲô˵ȱҲһЩûõ׻ûйά˵Щ⡣
Ҷƽһʣϱеѻش𣬵ѻشҲҪشһֻӲͷƤ˵Ҷǣ֯Ŀûʲôģʲô⣬Ҳύί۵ģһ飬ܲʵ֯ί֮ϢΪԱƵʡίӵصľٱˣ֯ʱ򣬸һĻǾͻȽˣҲٳֵ˳ί֪֮Щ֯ŸеȽϱ
ϱܾɵ֯ԣڳûпκ֮ίϢĽ飬ôҸеǰһ֯ûпת˴ҵע
Ҷƽͷϲãڲд𣿴ݵĻԭϢߵҲһҪʱͨɲܸ׼ؿһɲ֯ͼίҪ⽨һƣʵϢٽɲ칤ķչ
Ȼ֪ʡί֯ҶƽֱӵĻϱˣڵǰ£ϱ˻źܶĿȡ֮ģϱ̫ѿҲϱģľ忼ԱģȻûº϶Ѿ忼Աйݺݵһ١
Ժھ֮ȴǸеߣϱȨ֮ǰѸɲȨһŵίǱˣʱίѾٱһã֯ôθɲԺ󣬼ίȻûĳ˵ȨȴžԵķȨⲻԷ书
ĻţǱȴǲ˵ʲôΪϢϱģ֯ԼԸˣǻôܲԸ⣿ֲҶƽ֯ʧְ飬ΪϱĽǷҶƽġ
Ҷ֪άҶƽεˣάΨҶƽǴӣҶƽĸԱȻ⹫άӣԺȫʡɲδȨȫҶƽˡ
Ҷƽͬϱһо¾͹ȥˣȻҶƽ϶׷ôĸɲûȫĿ죬ԱûбС˼ұ˵ˣ
Ϊгѡί˷˽һСʱʱ䣬ȷҶɹʶĻоǱȽ˳һҪʱ̫ˣӰ쵽Ľ̡
ڹά飬ȻԺ˹άǴίΪ˵ҪݻҶƽʾʡί֯ȥһΣʡί˳ȥʵһ£ûκĻһγίо
ҶƽһԺھҲûκλ˵ˣΪǲұ֤гѡ˾ûκε⣬ĿǣҲͦλгѡˡ
омĸְɲ֮ϱǰ캣˳캣ʵֻһ쵼ְ񣬱£̫ãҶƽͷܲ
ھҲֱӣӦ⣬Ȼ֮ǰѾˣǴʱҪһ˼·


1557 Ϸһ
ϱ캣һ˵˾캣飬漰һλеĸɲȻע⵽ھ̬ȣ˾ͰĿⰵɨھô̬
ͬʱ캣ĵطʡίԴҲǺܹע̬ȣһ򲻺ͣΪʲôίʡίָ֮ɲϵĵأ
ھ֮Ͱ͵ĹϵЩʡĴǵȻŵģе飬ƽʱҶǳעѼϢڹؼʱȻһ֪ˡ
ϱһ꣬ǳھЦһ£Ȼ˵ھǸʡίһ˲ţʡίӭ
ԾµĽడھоȷˣôΪ캣͵ʡίְģ൱ֱӴһƹ˾̫ˡ
ھһʱɫϵĲ豭غһˮȻҲŤͷһЦǣȫ˵ˣͰʡίǵ˲Ҿ֪λͬ־᲻뿪ģίӲ˼ңҸоЩ
ھҲǹٳ֣һЦ˵ھ̫Ĭˣΰλͬ־Ըأί˼ңֻøڹˣԲסھǣ
Ҳǲ׷ģȻھ˵˲ţھͳˣȴھû˼ңʡίʹҲǺġ
ھȻɫ̧ͷϱϲ캣˵ʲôģ
ھϱֻûش캣ȷʵԸ⵽ʡίй֣йǻһߣԸ뿪һȥ
ϱһϾǺѿˣɵؿҶƽΪҶƽŸϱ˵ģôŪھϱ֮һһˣĻ캣Ĺ»Ҫˡ
ڴ֮ǰΪ鲻κģŻῪЦھ˵飬ȴھķڳίǰûʲôˣ·Ҫ캣캣Ƶġ
Ҷƽƽؿھ֮Ķ죬Ϊһ֣ﶷ죬Ҳһ£֮䱧һţһǾˡȻ֮ǰĹе⣬ȴЩˣȻھĹ·硣
ҶƽһԼ̧ͷھʵھǣ캣ڻһ߹
ھҶƽˣ΢ЦҶǣɲ˵ģϲģ˵ǰɣ
ھȻ᲻ػҶƽһ䣬ҶƽҲе²̨ίʱһ
ھôһ䣬ҶƽûŤͷϱ˵ϣ캣˵İɣ
ϱ̴ǿ鿼Ӧ˵
Ҷƽ֮˵ĵʵ˼ʾˣȻ캣д٣ҿѵãѵðڵһЩɲƴϰյݣһְһЩɲĿ֮ȫֳˣλ캣ͬ־أȻζԸڻ㹤ǶôеٰҿӦ֧λͬ־뷨أйҲ̫㣬Ҫ˵һߣӦǻɳɣ˵йڸƶȸĸҪѾֻصĸɲŵһߣӻľҿܺã˵ǲǣȻλ캣ͬ־ȥЩΥ˵־ˣҽλ캣ͬ־йֻɳɳ𲻱䣬Ȼְı䣬йֳָɳҪڻ㣬ԭֳʱֹͣλͬ־úõʵһ˵־Ըϲεֹͣɣȥʵ飬ھϣλʲô
ҶƽͻȻֱ̬ӾĳίǣҶƽ뷨̫أ̫ˣ캣֪ˣһᱻģʵھҲɫֱܳӹҲסˣҶƽ˳˼ȥ˵ʵȴڴ㲻˵Ҫ캣˵Ը˵캣Ը⵽һȥôھ˳⣬ȥһȥͬ⣬Ǿ˵ͷġ
Ҷƽһ䣬ϱ˾ͷӦͬ𾪣û뵽ҶƽȻ̫ñ˸еˣһŵⰡ캣һǸɳ׾ˡ
ھһʱûӦϱ˵ͷӦ֮ȴ˵Ҷǣίоһ飬ϲոҪ캣ʡίְȴֹͣоˣǲЩϷ
˵Ҷƽ΢΢һЦղŽλ캣ͬ־뿪УǼ˵ͬʱҲôǶϷأҲλ캣²ǶϷɣ㷢ɣ
Ҷƽһ˵̰ھסˣҶƽƱ磬ھҶƽ컹ôһ㡣
ҶǣҳҸղŵĽЩ˼ǷܣǲԴһȰ㹤ͬ־ȥɳȥְҿ캣˲ƽϣҶܿǵһ㡣ھҶƽһͷȴΪ캣˵顣
ҶƽǺһЦƽȥ㹤ƽҿ⻰ԣûĹֳָһְ𻹱ţֻ˵Ըһʣôƽأھǣôһʡίίרоһɳ˵ƽ𣿡
ҶƽһھеˣҶƽȦ֮ˣĻ뵽Ҷƽ캣ȥɳأ
ԺһĬȻھͷսҶƽȨٳ֣»ҶƽļͲҲûʲôϵ漰ֻһɲûбҪڴʱķԼҶƽԿ
Žڴʱȴ˵ƽǳظɲ˵λͬ־ȥְҿܺãɲȥɳҿһ٣Ӧ֧֣ͷھҪúúλͬ־̸һ»ȥְ֧ʡίίľ飬֧Ҷƽǵľ
ŽͻȻ̬֧ҶƽھеһͬʱҲҶƽЩȣΪֻҪŽ̬ԾͿˣȻʱȻ֧֡
Žһڣھκβֻ֮ͬõ̬ãһͷȥ캣̸һ»֧Ҷǵľ
ھһǶĳίû뵽ϷԵһ棬ھ̬֮Ҷƽûٶ˵ʲôɢᣬڳίµȥ


1558 ͷȥ
ȻˣҶƽȴǲƽһھսȨͼ֣һΪŽڳίϵŽһڣھǸ˵һ̼
ȻŽȴ֧ģƺҪʾã˵ʲô⣿еɻʱ򣬽Ϲ㱨һϢ˵ڴŽҪʡʡίǣ֪١
һϢҶƽʱˣⲻǴԣȷʵˣֻ鲿û˵ŽڳίϵıȷʵʾãʾõԭȻΪ顣
Žȥʡʡίǣô˵һ£ϾŽǴʡίǲÿչŽ뿪Ȼٰһʡ˵һܺõ顣
֮ҶƽǲŽڰʡӰжֻҪ뿪ˣӰжûˣͷȥһԱһĹźʡѡȷ
ʡѡҪôӱʡԱҪôǴɣʡ֮ڣкü˶ʸһְ֪֮󣬿¶ȡŽλӡ
ǵЩҶƽеԼҪǰ鲿쵼ͨһЩ˵뷨óѣԲҪһ͵ʡִ
ھͼڳίͨ캣Ȼû뵽ǳɹˣȴû뵽û뵽Ž֧Ҷƽ
Ž˹ȥҪҶƽʲôѺõľٶˣΪпҪˡ
һھһʱȻѾˣ
ŽҪʡʡίǵ£Ҳ֪ˣŽû͸¶ƣҲû̫࣬һŽ˽Ϊ϶ˡ
ҵʱƼҵλӣҪ׼Žھ˵
ھû뵽ŽƼʡΪԺһЩϾԺʸ϶ˡ
أھѹĵ˷ʵ
Žûй飬ҲˣпǣûпϣһЩܵʡҾͷˣһʡͬ־ǴкĿǰ˵ؼҶƽҪʶһ㡣
ʵŽƼľԺھ෽˽⣬Ժû֯ϺţڰᣬھΪʡίȴʡѡ֮һƼԺǾùˡ
飬һ̣ھȻȷ֮ȥƼھʡȻƼãΪʡһõĶ뻹ҪǵģҶƽܲͬ⣬ٲԲС
ھһϢʱк֮⣬֪ԼпܱƼΪʡĻ캣ҶƽͻˣΪʱ
ҶƽһҺջЩçײˣھЩڵص
ŽҾûʲôѵί᲻˷𣿻ͷȥʵóίˣֻҪ㣬ҶƽʹȵķҲõġ
ھֻõ˵ͷȻӦһȥصί֮ھ˼һ飬еڱҪ뷨һ飬еⶼҪʡ¡
ΪԼľĺֳ֧ίľ飬ٿίίᣬо캣й¸ĸķûʡίʡί֯ʵڻоȷ캣ɳɳʿʵƶȸĸ﷽
Աѩ֪ͨϯ飬һֱɵۣû뵽캣Ȼɳˡ
¸ĸ﷽캣ɳȫ˳ͨˣǿ֪֮ҲĿɿڴ˵ֳָᵽɳûйȫҲûй˵еһˡ
ίһɢھѸǿԱѩ˽еԼİ칫ȥִУɸǿ캣̸
ԱѩԱߣǿΪʲôȵԱѩһ뿪۷⡣
ھ̫࣬͸ʡίо飬ִˡھǿȻ˵ʲôǺԱѩһйִгί顣
ʵίίһɢ캣ǵ֪ˣԼĶ䣬һֵĳ񸱾ֳȥɳ˭ģҲ̫˰ɣ
Ųŵ뷨ʱûʲôǿ֮ǰ˹顣
캣˵ǣһֳָȥɳǰй𣿡
ǿûУǳί飬ҪִУ
캣֪𣿡
ǿֳίᶨģ˵֪֪
һ캣еˣ˵Ҳ쵼Ҫͼ
ǿһۣ̾˰ҲǲⰡҲȥǣû˵ʲôֻһʡί飬ִУûأ˰ɣ
û뵽Ȼʡίľ飡캣ʵû뵽ˣôأֱǲŰ
ǣȥɳôأ캣ǵĵ˵
ǿһ˵㲻Ҫģֻȥ൱ڹְأҪΪƶȸĸ㲻ȥ˸ԸȥΪɣ
캣˵Ϊʲôֳȥ
ǿ̾ңô֪ʡίйذɣ㲻ԸȥŪ
ǿһЩˣԭҪԭ⣬ʹȥʡίûЩˡ
ǣǣ߲㰡ҲֻܷˣҪڻ̫ãȻһʲô棿캣
ǿʱҾɡ
캣ʮ־ɥǿ̸껰ֵ˶֪ˣ˭û뵽飬ô£ֳȥɳҲ̫˰ɣô
ͷҪˣٷȥְ»˵ùˣ
캣ϵܺõķ־ֳ֪Ժ캣ϵʵô¡һ磬캣ǽȥְ֧ƶȸĸίʡί԰ŵģǳ񸱾ֳһҪͷܲþֳͷȥɣ
캣һ־ֳһµģ캣˸ΰ󣬾Ȼͷȥְɳǵô쵼أϾ캣ļأȴɳְߵ
ķ־־ֳһʱеǳƣȻ˽´һЩ飬ǲ캣˵Щ


1559 鴦
йֵƶȸĸ﷽ѸȥΪ캣Ϊ񸱾ֳŪȥɳˣȻ˼һŹְֳָ񣬵ǱϾڹֻϰˣ˭Ըȥ
һĸԱѩ˳Ƶ˾ֻвĸɲвɲŪְȥһɾ˲֣Ūһ߸λȥӶھֻڲ˴󲿷ֳһڣת̬ȣ֧ԱѩĴʩýú캣һ³
йһĸȻӰ쵽ĹֲӦеĻеǹ۲ⷽ׼ǲôͬЧӦƵĶˡ
еһԱѩ̶֣׼ٴβ鴦ʳҹܻᣬʳҹܻʲôͷ۾ǴһԹ˧֯ɨŲ鴦ǽҹܻᡣ
ԱѩٶˣҪץһصͷĿʵȴҪԻʳҹܻˣҲڻʳҹܻԱ߲˰ڣ۲ŻʳҹܻĶٳʲôϢй¶ȡжй¶ϢԴ
ãʳҹܻ޲ԱѩʮӵʱͻȻΧ˻ʳҹܻᣬһʱ֮ʳҹܻڻҲ˾Ȼ¥ȥܵˤˣۺ˾ûѹԱİΧ֮С
ĻɶûڻʳҹܻᵱУԹûץסʳҹܻɶȴɶԴʱв֪ڱ顣
ʱʵ־Ǹɳ棬־ֵľֳ캣һ캣ɳһȾơ
ͻȻӵһ绰֮ȥ绰ǻʳҹܻڲľģרŸ֪ͻϮҹܻ飬˵绰͹ˡ
ӵ绰Ժһģ湻ݵģȻͻȻԻʳҹܻͻϮˣ캣ھֻصĻ֪ϢˣȻȴ˿Ϣûеõˡ
绰֮ûжɫ־־ֳû˵ȵ־־ֳ֮ٺ캣˵һ˵¡
캣Ⱦһֱȵʮ࣬־־ֳߣΪԭ캣ĹϵУ캣ĵϵɳչ˺캣ǲаȻ˵캣ɳҪ캣ģκεô֮
־־ֳһߣ̰캣ˣ캣һҲǸе𾪣Աѩһ뿪Ƕˣôһ飬˵ͻȻ˵ھֶӣԱѩھҲûֶӡ
鷳ˣԱѩײϣģҲ֪ģ뿪һɣ캣һ˵
һ˵㣬ҸҪ㣬Ҷ𣿡
캣ԱѩĸԣŲ˭㲻뿪ʱץסˣǾ鷳ˣ
һ캣жΣˣȻûȥ㣬ôܻ˴Σڿ캣ѿˣΪֻǵһɳЦǿιֳָûʲôõļֵˡ
Աѩ˻ʳҹܻıؽĻŪˣԭһʳҹܻĺ̨һˡֽ˵飬Ƿһ˵ĽԭȻھֶӡ
ԱѩõϢ֪ҲǸеܳԾֲһ޷鴦ڲһڹھֶأ֪жͽᣬȥ鴦бҹܻ᣿ǲܵġ
˽⵽һ֮ԱѩҶƽ˱棬ԺҶƽһ˵ϢĻҲ˵ھʲôھֶ֪ӵ顣
Աѩô֪ܲģ캣Ĺϵأѵ֪
Ҷƽ֪캣Ĺϵδ֪ҹܻᣬ˵ǿԲھ飬ֱˡ
Աѩ֮ͷд⣬˭ֶӣֻҪΥ˷ǹһȥ鴦
ҶƽһЦѩԸ񲻸İôش˽ԭǹֳȻѡ
ԱѩǸе˼һ˵ѵ㲻û֧֣ҿɶ캣캣ڣҹܻǴ˵ģ
Ҷƽ̾ʡ︴ӣҲǽ߾ˣҪСģλӺҪҲУ˵ķУڿ϶˷ˡ
Աѩ֪Ҳ£ҸɹˣһЩСëֻҪǸҳҶŸɣһҪ뷨ȫץȥ
ҶƽеĿܲСëЩ˵Ӵأ㻹СһЩá
ҶƽĵĻԱѩ˵ͷӦϾҶƽʶȻΪʡίʶҪҶƽĻ
Աѩߺ󣬹ά㱨ٴǸίǵ飬ίٴίƼʡίĸгѡڳίϱˣڹάȥίǵȥ˻еǳӣΪٴڰͷϣϾƼĸɲˣɻûӣһθɲñӡ
άһӳҶƽɫأӣٴίǱȽϵˣʡίĵҲҴӣ˲ˡ
ȻٴίҲ˲õʱʡڹάרٴίĻʡ϶зӦģòúÿһ¡
һ뵽飬ҶƽǶԹάάǹʽһ£õ飬Ҫٴίʲôͻ
ҶƽķԸάȥΪʡίӲӲ𣿡
ҶƽڲӲӲʱʡٷҵȴһ¡
άҶƽ˼ˣΪҲ֪ŽҪˣȵŽߣʡͻܴᷢı仯ǸʱʡίٷƺҪúܶࡣ
άͬҶƽֻ֪Ž֮˭Žλӣ˵Ҷǣ˵Ž֮ھҪʡ˵п𣿡
˹άһۣҶƽ˹ŷ磬ǷŷɣʡʲôˣҪʡίǹˣһǷǳˣ㿴ڵӣʡ˭Ҳ
άһ˵Ҳǣ˵ŽƼҿҲʡŽҪˣƼѡʲôã


1560 Աѩ
Ҷƽά˵ףάȻͲᵣھʡ£ΪھҶƽĹϵ̫ھʡԺҶƽͲÿƾˡ
ڹά֮ҶƽҲڿʡѡڰʡѡʡ񲿵һʡΪλ񲿳ʱϵĽϺã
ȻСԭǿսɲ׼ʡλģŽһߣ϶Ҫˣ˼Сʡ֮λ
һ뵽СʡҲУСıйоأҲĶ󣬼ȻͼҲټԼˣԾСӰɡ
Сʡ֮󣬱ճһʡλӣô޺÷ӣγʡͬˡ
ʵѾ˲ˣԺھ˶뷨õһְλæأҲûȥˣԺȻˣ˭ҲԸɥʧᣬʡûʡǲһھʡˣֻҪܵʡܳʡίǣ˵֪ܽίԱء
һʱûŽڰʡʡȻʡûΣǺöѾʡ֮λˣ˵ҲǸеͦյģ֪ûƼԼʡԺﶼˡ
ʡͷҪ䶯֮ʱͻȻһ£Աѩ˾ǰһȥָڹ·
ԱѩڳϢֻһʵҶƽѹҪСһЩҪȻ죬ȴֻһǰָڵĵص㣬ҲûʲôĲκε顣
Ȼĳʻһ·ʱͻȻԱߴܳһӣԱѩ˾ûзŵüæһ̣Ӷʱʧأ·һӹˮˡ
鷢ʱֻһӣԱѩڳϢͻȻһӾˣһ·ߣһѵʲôҲ֪ˡ
ȵ֪ʱѾҽԺĲˣ˾Ҳˣ˵˶أֻһۣûʲôΣգҿ·ߵĳֺ110ĻܻأΪˮˮȻˮ࣬Ҳпܶ˵Σա
ֳסԺһϢ̴Уһʱ֮۷׷ףΪְֳλ̫УֳڴڴĵһߣˣԱѩոճҹܻᣬȻдڣ˺ܶ࣬ͻȻһĳһԤıɱ
µĳʱˣûץڲж顣鷢ԺίǸǿίҽԺԱѩ
ԱѩйֳʲôԼͬ־ڳ˳ȻҪοʡԱѩϲɴǿæοʵѩгܿˣˣѾŽţҲҪµ˾ץ
ǿԱѩæлǣлңû¡
Աѩʱ˯ˣԶڵʱʲô£һֻ֪ڲˣǿȻҪʾл
ͷļֳҲܹͬϵĹҪԱѩڲϣʱҶƽҪСĵĻεĳ᲻Ϊɵģ
ھʱھǣ֪ԱѩˣרŴ绰ƽίȥԱѩƽӵ绰Ȼ̴ӦˣΪڵ֪Ժ󣬾׼ȥġ
ƽԱѩĲ󣬰˵ȫ˳ȥȻ󵥶Աѩ̸̸Ȼ˵ѩгεĳǲðǿžҲ죬ôᷢĳأҿҪúõһ顣
Աѩһֱ÷ƽг֮磬ƽˣôԴ˻Ҫúõһ룬䣬úõصһ¡
Ҷƽ֪Աѩµ֮ʱæýϴȥҽԺһԱѩʡίǣȥһͬ־Աѩʡ쵼϶ȥһµġ
ԱѩĲԱѩԱѩЦԼû£ֻҪúһͺˡ
Աѩһģ˽⵽һЩ󣬽ϱǻȥҶƽˡҶƽı֮ǰѧɸйһҪӣ߸ҳһǺΪûб
ҶƽѧɸеϵѹܴΪΪģôӾ͸ˣ֪˭ôĵӾȻȥһйֳгǿᶯһʱĴˡ
ºԱѩ˲أԱѩ˻ôԾǱˣôӡ
·ضδڽûмͷưѶȺܴһʼưֻڵؽ߷ãһûĿ֤ˣĿ֤ˣܿƺţǾͺöˡ
Ȼʧǣڵشڽ·ϡ٣ҵЧĿ֤һܲ׵£Աһѧֳֻп顣
Ҷƽ԰ŵ飬鲻ôҲͱˣһ°Ʋˣôƴ󰸣
ֳѧɷ˿·εһ·Σ˹Ϊ֮ôȻҪ˽вɵ㣬·ΣȻ쳵Ե鷽Ӧתһû˾ȵ㣬ǿһû֪Աѩж·ߣֻ߱пܴ˹Ϊ֮Ŀܡ
Ȼֻһ⣬ôưѶȸΪʱ˾ǿгײʱɵĳԷȴǺưѶȿ϶ǳ
ѧֻд˼·ˣ費ôŬҲӾпܳΪʱֻҶƽˡ
ֻҪ˹Ϊ֮ҶƽҲҶƽ֮Ҫ飬ǻ˹Ϊ֮
ѧɵȡһ·ضεļƵǷһطǳȴ˾ʱĳͲһʱ˾ĳһԽҰԱѩĳһγƵĳҲһγ밸ĳͲ
ȻͲǳܿɣѧɰ˰ҳȴǷĳƣһ˳ɱǸӴˡ
·ĳΪʲôҪأѧüͷ飬ǰ˼ʹƳҲҪҳףҵ㻹Ǻ׵顣
ѧûȻƳͨ鿴켣ܲϵ·Ļƣҵġ


1561 ھŭ
ѧͨʽȥ飬ǲ鵽ȻʱѾһֳõȴһ֣һѧɶ϶ˣһиӶüһֳ
һڵսڰӸˣץһˣ֮ǰһ֣·쭳İף˹ض϶ص¡
ֹ⽫ײԱѩרһ˻ΪĻĻᵼײֻԱѩĳӳ¹ʡ
һʼԸ⹩Ļʹߣֻ򾯷ֻһͨ°ʱֻǳڽŲֳҲǹײԱѩĳӵģ·¡
Ȼ޷֮ǰĲȵΪ޷üֳڹǿѹ֮£ڹĻ飬һеϰӶרŵȺ򣬵ȵԱѩĳ֮ؼԱԱѩĳӷ
һϣѧɾϰʵʩץܿǰָץסˣȻϰͰ˳ԭӶȻԱѩʵ˺
ǻʳҹܻĻϰ壬ػûжʵץȻŪһǾûʲôˣѸ
ڱץ֮ǰһֱأΪһֳļͬʱֿӱץȻӵֻҪץǷǳ׵ģԹغܿͽץ
ǿıѧڰȥץͬʱͰҶƽˣϾֻǹھ֪֮ʲôڱҶƽҶƽ֪£ðһ¡
֪ȻİҶƽİǵ죬˭ݣദҿǰʡźܴ⣬׵壬ӵвǣκˣһɴϴ˴к˵飬˵кˣǹҪר飬ײһʡίȫԱϣ鴦ǣĹҹְԱҲţе»ˣ
Ҷƽð仰ѧ˸еսľΪ˵ĻҲھԣоһŨŨĴսǰĻҩζ
ѧɴӦһǻͷȥ׼ר飬һ˺ԱѩʳҹܻһΪԱѩסԺвôˣʡ
䰸Ϣ̴УĴǺˣȻʲôԱȴһڰͨԵˣ㷿زҹܻᣬָ־þףٲȻǵصĴ缶
Ȼùץˣɵĳȷǳһ˲ʵΪȥܳˣΪھأ
ھڻλϣֶôܻأе˶ǳ˼άһЩ˸е죬ѵھҲ᲻ˣ
캣ڵ֪ԺҲǸеһ¿ҪˣȻʳҹܻᱻˣǲһǣԱѩץҲһܵóѣԱѩֳ˳ôץ
ȻһγץʡȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵²ԱѩйأһֱţԱѩ˰һǲŵģΪԱѩĳǶǰ˹ô˰أȻͻȻץȥ˵Աѩĳйء
˰ԱѩôͱˣҪ֪ԱѩиֳĸɲһɲһάΰʿȻҶ֣ⲻսԱѩˣսĹϵսƶȣȶ˵ھʡίҲûˣ
һԴ󣬸˼ǳأ͵캣һԴ󣬿϶Ҫģƽƾϵƾƽ㶨Ȼ飬˭Ҳûƽ㶨ˡ
캣еһΣ֮УΪĹϵǳУ᲻ǣǣôͻ鷳ˣȻھǳ֧ʱھҶ
캣һ뵽⣬Ǹеżˣ˵ھҪʡھĵʡˣô˵ܻһ£ʡˣλˣ˵ˣֻҪھԸ˵˵ôͲʲô鷳ˡ
Ȼ뵱ʡ˲ֻھһھܵʡ캣һ뵽飬һֻ̻̲յĸоȥǣ£ҪԱѩûиͲص£ڵĵǰ참Ա˳ϵеˣôͻᱩ¶ˡ
һץȥ֮֮ǽȥھھһ֪飬ǸеܳԾһֱ⣬ʲôزˣ̽ˣĹϵЩ˳˳ˮģôͻȻأ
ھ֪ϵ֪֮⣬Լ˵һЩùĹ֪ЩĻ;ˣϾӰ쵽Լǰ;Ӱ֮⣬˵ı£ͷԣǿƣʹû壬ҲһɫĴڣ˸Ӷѡ
Ȼȴùظץˣ⵽ôһ£뵽̴绰ǿ֪֪ץ¡
ǿҲʶǴϰǿҲ򽻵֪ھֶӡһھ飬ǿǸھ˵ץҲ֪ˣʡڰ죬һר飬˵Աѩĳйأ鷳ܴˣ
һھʱеȻû뵽ԱѩĳйأʱʵǿԱѩôйأ
ǿ˵ԱѩĳΪģ͵ĳһֱΪڴ㿴ʲôָʾ
ھʲôָʾھǸоͿˣҪʡĹؼʱ̣Ȼֶ쳵˺һгֳ£ɵӰж쵰д
ǿоܲܽӣھʵ
һھʣǿΪҪ˵ǣ²УʡѾרˣôƽоأ
ǿھŭ˵ͱѩгһ£רŸʡ棬˵ӣݺݵشֱ쵼ɲΪ˵Ҽ֧ʡ鴦ΥΪ


1562 ʡ䶯
ǿû뵽ھ򱨸ʡҪӵĿҪݺݴ⵹ǳˣȻֻھֻΪְɣھŭ֮УоھܲҪ̬Ų鴦ġ
Ͼʱ鷳Ǹʲô£˵ֶӣʹԼŮҲֱ̬ģΪ¶Ӱ̫ڵǰʡҪ쵼Ҫ䶯ʱ
ھĻǿǣԴ򣬵ʱ㿴ΪǴˣʡĻɣϾоֵĹϵУʡôܰѰӽأ򱨸棬羲䣬ԱѩڻҽԺȥ£Ҳǲ׵
ǿһȰ˵ھ侲˵ҪȥһԱѩȥɡ
Աѩ֮ھһֱûȥһֻǰŷƽˣӾǻַ£ûҪҽԺٿһԱѩ
ǿҽԺ棬ԱѩڲϢͻȻھ͸ǿһˣʱӴϾЩԾؿھǿ
ھһ󣬱΢Ц˵ѩͬ־ָôˣ
ھʺԱѩллǵĹϵҽҾҪԺһԸ⣬ҲǴӦˡ
ھ˵ѩͬ־㲻ҪڳԺĹøǿǰһ£ᵢоֵĹģֻҪú˾Ϳˣ벻Ȼô쳵Ӻ㣬Һ͸ǿˣһҪദ£ȻڰʡģоҲ޶ԣҲҪ鴦飬Ϻʡɵ鹤
飬оͷ˸ˣԱѩʱѾ֪ڱץ飬ھȴȻһЩĺ塣
Աѩ˿ھһʱû˵Ҳ˵ʲôھֶӣܽʲôȫھα̬ˡ
ллǸңԱѩֻܱʾлˡ
ھԱѩȻйֽӼ쵼ӳԱǳҪҪһҪظλõǰĸԭƶĹƻʡǵΰȫãԱѩֳסԺڼ䣬ʲôֱǿʾҪŵԱѩֳϢ
ίԹӼ쵼ӳԱЩֳǵȻǸܵش캣ӵ֪ͨԺҲǴɳϹˣΪǸֳ쵼ӳԱ
ھӼǣרһЩҪеܲѰѵΪץԵץ϶Ҳû˰취ȴй֣ǲŶ࣬ȶĵģһ£Ӱ쵽ھ϶Ҳסˡ
Ȼһ꣬캣߼׷ھʻǣǳ񸱾ֳȴǴ浣ɳԾֳֽҽԺҾܻȽϺһЩ
ھĻͣסŲͷ캣ҸղŲ˵𣬾ͷʲôֱǿʾʲôأҪ˼ˣ㵱ǰĹˣĲҪܶʣ𣿡
ھһ캣˵ʲôˣûпƣھʱôܰأЩڰڶڲƽôٶ£
캣һڣûа취ֻÿ֮ȥɳȥˡ
ھȥй֮󣬾ʱûʲôˣĸҵæֱӾͰĸҲĴһ٣Թ˵ʲôҲ棬ڳʲôã۵
ĸһԼĵܵҲ˵ʲôˣֻÿŹδˡ
ھȥй֮󣬸ǿָʾָŹֲȡӴ˶бشڵĺڶŻͻƶĶоûΪԱѩ˶ˣھٵĽĽǻΪӷֵġ
Ҷƽ˵ⲻھѹ֮ȡĲȴʩôɣԼڵĿ
ʱܿ죬ʡѡճ䶨СɹʤԺھ˫˫ܳŽʡʡίǣ߸˵ȥˣߵʱҶƽΪУŽºܸߣҶƽ佱ҶƽҶƽֻ֮΢΢һЦ֪ⲻĿ֮ԣʡί˸
ȻԺھ˾ǲôˣΪûеʡСʡˣڳԷʱҶƽԸܵ²ߣƺȵһʱǽ뿪ˣŪŽϲˡ
˵ı֣Ҷƽ֪ԭ򣬶ԭŽϵǲģǲŽֱˣҲȥˡ
Žȥʡĵڶ죬ССʽΪʡίǣʡҶƽСһСõͷǷǳ˵ģȻܵҪֳϲӣͷȴǸ˵ķǳֻ˲˾ָԺھˡ
Ժھ˵ȻǲģΪ˵СϣСƲΪǿսɲᣬѧòãһ˲ţȻСڰʡĸǳҲûʲôϿɵĳɼͻȻʡ²˲Ҳǲġ
СҲ֪һ㣬һҪֵ͵ȡҶƽΣȡҶƽ֧֣ǳҶƽٲ֧ôʡ֮λ
쵼ɲһ꣬Ҷƽİ칫ʾСҶƽͷǲģȻˣȻҪӣǿСܲܰԼڵĹãĻԼķԸʡĹ
ˣСڹʾҶƽʱǸеģôСѾʡˣʹҲˣڵ뷨ֻǹͬʡĹˡ
СʾҶƽѸ߿Ƽҵ԰ãǰصץܰץã𵽺ܺõʾͷá
Сæ˵ͷʾͷٿʡ칫оһ飬ͬʱʱѹͨʡίʡίʲôִС
Ҷƽͷû˵ʱСͻȻҶǣڳʡˣʡһְʲô
û뵽Сʵ飬Ҷƽ̧ͷһۣܵƺʡʵ飬ֻѡ


1563 ʡ
СյʡǿʼⳣʡѡȻȨǿԭԭСȽϽڳʡλϣعؾأҲǵԸСʡԭһҲûУûͻĳɼӣôԸأ
ȻˣСʡѳɶ֣ҲȥˣҪһʡС໥Ϻã޺÷ȻһŮͬ־Ǻƴģ԰ŪɳʡûǿԵģȻСʡ飬Ȼ˵СԼĿǡ
СһۣҶƽ£ûشСĻǶС˵Сͬ־ʡίƶĹأԺҪܶ࣬ȫˣ
Сȥ˵Ҷǣͷİɣһʡһһѹõģ
Сָֻ̬˹ȥģҶƽ˵Ǻãȥæɣһе£
Ҷƽûлشйسʡ£С㬵ˣĿгʡѡԲǴ޺÷ȻƺܾˣҶƽȻҲ£ˣֻ㬵ˡ
СʡԺھ˵·˵ȻˣԺˣ뵱ʡҲϣҲٱ뵱ˣھûܵʡ;˺ܴĴۣͷҲǷǳ⡣
СʡҲ֪ԭСĸȷʵǲһЩһĿǵʡίǣҪǰһһֱίλϡ
ȻҪǰһԺҪճλԺûܵʡҲûеλϣûλӿϣֻܼίǵλˡ
СҶƽһᣬСһʡȻǱȽĿŰʡԺҪ쵼ʱˣŽڵʱǶȽϵͬ־ŽѾʮǵһʡίˣҶƽС˲ʮͷ̫ࡣ
쵼Ȼϲĸɲ쵼ȻϲһЩصˣĲͬ뷨϶ǲͬģʡһЩɲǶڷ顣
Сʡ֮󣬴޺÷ͷȻҲ뷨ϣԼҶƽһԷҶƽź̸һ̸ʡ£ȻǴӦˣһһ¡
ԴҶƽʡ֮ҶƽûжԴ޺÷жôãΪְλޣҶƽûа취Ŵ޺÷޺÷ʡǱߣ֪ŽҶƽĵ⣬ҲȽСģΪ֮µʡǱû¡
ڣŽߣСʡСˣҸոΣ϶ûŽȣˣֻҪҶƽ֧֣ͻðͷĻᡣ
ҶƽԼʡӭһԷʡӭһϢɢأΪҶƽʱҪӭӿˣҪһԷģԶҶƽһһ֪һģԷעҶƽ˶ݷϢ
Ҷƽ޺÷һԷôһеʱڣҿ϶෽עһԷԭ
ҶƽҲ֪һ㣬ûлرܣҲҪһЩźŸˣһЩ뷨֪Ѷˡ
ʡһְһҪְλ˵ʡĸʡ뵱ʡίһЩίҲתΣʡȨһĸʡְλˡ
Ҷƽ޺÷һ󣬴޺÷Ц˵ƽʡµСȫʤ
һۣҶƽôû
޺÷ЦҶʲôҵĸоСҲһʡ͵ĵƣʡܲϺãҿŵأ
ҶƽһЦ㵹ǹ£ҲһԼ£Сˣʡȱѵû뷨
޺÷Ц뷨ʲôãλӵô࣬л𣿡
ҶƽЦôûлᣬʡһְ˵˲㣬ǳʡһְһ˵ģ
޺÷һ۾һ˵ƽ˵һл᣿ҵҪһˣ
ҶƽȥһǾȽʺʡλӣ㵣긱ʡ˰ɣҲýίˣƼһ£ϵ׼
һҶƽҪγʡ޺÷һӴЦƽֻҪҵγʡʡǱͷİɣ
޺÷һҶƽǺЦСȻһʡ͵ĵƣô޺÷Ҳһʡ͵ĵƣСϺã޺÷ȻԼһˡ
ҶƽγʡһְĹ裬޺÷СضҶƽƽŽȻˣʵģѾһˣö⻹ûнأ
ҶƽǺһЦҵô
޺÷ҾðɣھٴίǵλˣŽˣһģֻҪˣͺöˡ
ҶƽЦʵأھֻίǣʲôģ
޺÷ھȻֻίǣʡίί;һֱãڰʡʵǿʡίأȻгʡʵԺȻʡίǣƫˣҲûھ˺ö˲ǿھһھʡ֮λʧܣһЩ˸еʧʵڣ֮Ը㲽һ£ɲֻǸʹȻ˵ǲǣ
޺÷ĺ͸ҶƽЦ˵Щĺ͸˵ھһأǿɲһ׵¡
޺÷ʱһ˵˵ֶӱץˣΪʲôҿһᡣ
Ҷƽһ˵ֶ밵ԱѩأڱץˣֶпʳҹܻᣬƶĶȫЩڶ֪ˣ밡ίǣΪʡίίֶֶӣҪ¸ϵҪ֤ݲУû֤ݣֻǲ²⣬Ϊھ־𣿡
Ҷƽһ˵޺÷һ룬õҲǣֶӳ£ѵһҲû
ֶпҹܻᣬΥ£ίǣѵҪеһΣ޺÷ʵ
Ҷƽҹܻΰ⣬ΰⲻίǹܰҲųֶӴһЩ飬˵ֶӵû˸㱨Ҳпܵģ˭ôɵ㱨ֶӵ⣿ڱɱ״̬Ҳпܵġ
ҶƽĻ޺÷е鲻ôˣҶƽھŲλء
ƽھίǵλϼȥ޺÷һʵ


1564 ֳ칫
ҶƽĿ䣬ûش޺÷⣬鲻żҲż£ھڰʡٹ̣ھŹ㷺ľԴ׵ĵһܼ򵥵顣
޺÷ӣҲ֪ô򵥣ֻżҲûʲô취
Ҷƽȥһ⣬鲿쵼޺÷γʡ£˾ǣҶƽȻһ˼ңԼһ棬Ѿڼң꣬˾ӶߣҲ񲿸ʡʡͻˣȻȴСʡ
ҶҲݣҶƽԮ·ȥȫ˴ҲҪˣҶƽȻҲûһֱ֧ԼĹλͲλͬģԺҪԼռһϯ֮ˡ
ûк̸ϵ飬ֻһϵ飬ƽԮҲûʼⷽ飬ϾŮѾʡίˣʲôԼᴦȥˣҶƽЩʴӣ粻ȥЩ¡
ȥҺȥ˸ĸĸҶҶܷܷǶסһھֻ꣬Ǹ׺ĸ׶߶żݺʹˣҪضȥԸڴСҲٻȥˣȥԺǸ鷳صЩ쵼ǻŷȥǣͽһЩա
Ӿһ󣬴޺÷γʡǶˣʱû޺÷Ϊʡίί֮ǰ޺÷Ǹʡ˴޺÷ȻؾҪΪʡˡ
С޺÷˳ʡͷȻǲ˵ģΪ޺÷ʡͷĹϵȽһ㣬еСᣬҴ޺÷Ҷƽеˣ˳ʡͷ϶ǲġ
Ȼ鲻⣬Ѿʡ˭γʡȻܣҲܲˣֻÿŴ޺÷ΣȻðӰɡ
Ŵ޺÷γʡĸɲǿ󣬱֪Ҷƽ԰ʡ쵼ӵѡԽԽǿСոʡûҶƽģˣٲҶƽĻ¾ͻˡ
ԱѩڳԺˣȫȻ϶˺ȴһʱ޷ĨģȻΪһ죬ѽ֮⣬Ȼڷ飬е£ĵҲ̫ˣȻûھ̨
Ȼ˵ڿˣǾһ£ڹֵƿ˲õӰ죬ֳȻǹʾοʣͷȴڿЦ˭µķ̫󣬵̫࣬³ģ
Աѩһ뵽Щ飬浱ȻǸеõģȻץסˣˣ˵˺ܶˣЩأֻǲҶѣӴбԲŻˡ
캣ɳȻְʱȥһˣеһ²ǣˣûйͬԤıҪԱѩ
캣һ뵹ǷģҲɳһˣֻҪһƽ£ʲôҲˡ
ǴһʱһʱɳǸеίȻȴǲȥЩˣֻҪƽƽˣϾĳ¶𾪺ܴ
ɳ棬һЩ鲻ɣϾŹֳ񸱾ֳݣЩɳСƬһͽԱ㽫캣ٻȥǺܵ캣á
ɳĿ칫ϢѵϢᣬھʱæϰڼڹжȹģûϢʱ䣬°֮ҪӰ࣬ڵɳȻǻһߣǲ٣²ɣҲùʾʲôԺС
۾׼ϢģͻȻֻˣһǾְ칫δģµ绰ʲô£칫ξ͸ͷҪٿֳ칫ᣬμһ¡
ֳ칫֪ͨμӣ캣е֣Ϊֳ칫кüԱѩû֪ͨ䣬ھȻ֪ͨμӾֳ칫ˡ
캣һݣ˵ǻǵǸֳɳûʸμʲôֳ칫ˡ
ְ칫˵˾֣ڻǸֳȻʸμˣԾֳԷԸ֪ͨμӵģԾֳոճԺźܶҪţٿξֳ칫ᣬ͹ɣ
캣һµʲôҪˣðɣԾֳȥμӡ
캣ӦμӵĻְ칫αǷģȻ캣λʱ䣬žǰѵ绰ˡ
캣绰һԱѩԭԱѩոճԺһ٣Ҳ֪˵ĺˣҪ£һԼֳˣȻҪ֪ͨԼλ᣿Ȼ˵ҲȨμӾֳ칫ģԱѩ֪ͨμӣҲûа취ΪڲֹܹˣǲμҲûʲôˣԼȥμӣǲҪٷ乤ˣ
캣ɳ˴һкԼҪȥ￪ᣬʲôԼȥͷҪȥ￪ᣬȻǰߣȥͷᡣ
˾ͷ캣ˣкȥЩԲǰô׽ˣΪʲôأ캣еԼܵһӰˣ֮Ĺϵͷö֪ԭʱǷǳͽһģΪϵãǾھϵãĺùϵ˭ͽأȻ£ٳٳ˵ھҲΪ£ȻҪСһЩ캣ߵ̫ܵʲôӰ졣
캣˾ͷ֮ǻصԼİ칫ңԼİ칫ҷŽգЩûлˣŷڻҳӣûˣһǴ绰ǰİ칫ҹԱɨһ
ӵ绰ԺԱϹɨûк˵ʲôȥҲǺǰԴˣʱ˲κ˼Щİˡ
ְ칫֪󣬱רŹ˿ֳ칫ỹϵط׼ʱȥˡ
캣ǴӦһȻڴɨ󣬱óһʼǱһЩ׼Żٿڻ϶Ҫ㱨һɳϾ˿µɳˣҪ㱨һµġ
ڱʼǱܽ˼쵽ٿʱʱ뿪칫ңһűֳֳһǴкʾʺ캣ЦЦԼܺãĹȻЩ࣬ǽӵڰ칫棬ƨɶֳۡһǹЦ


1565 ھ
캣ԵúɣȻʵԼΣֻǹɣԱѩ˵λｲȥʵ֪ʱ˼
Աѩٿֳ칫ҪܽһǰһʱĹȻһ׶εĹҲһ캣ɳԼֻظɾ»
ԱѩոճԺԵò̫ãٲ廰ֻż¼żֳ㱨
鿪һʱ򣬾ֳ˵˼仰Աѩվʱݻᣬҳȥһ¡
ԱѩͻȻվȥҵĿһӾۼϣ֪ʲô飬ȻԱѩ
Աѩȥ֮󣬾ԼľֳңȻǿİͬ־Լľֳͷš
гʡίģиҪЭһ¡İ˱˵
һ飬Աѩһ˵ʲô飬뾡ܷԸȫЭ
ʡί˾ǰѴеĿԱѩˣԱѩһ꣬ʡίͬ־һ£ȥ˸й
صңԱѩһҵţǶ캣˾֣һ£
캣һԼȥȻԱѩİ칫ңǼʡίԱʡίԱһļǩ֣ǩ֮Ǵˡ
Ȼһ̼Ϊݣûж֪Ǵҿ캣ԱѩȥȴûиԱѩȻˡ
Աѩʱûͨ飬ҪⱣܣʵʱߴңȻҾǿʼ飬˽⵽ô£һ˽֪캣ʡί˸ˡ
ǰйְ칫ҵһԱΪһʡ˴ߣΪͨĹϵ֪Աѩ٣ӶȽ˲ȵ㣬ڴȻûбŻأڴֻһͨĹԱ㲻ʲôҪӰ١
Ȼһȴ캣ʡί˸ˣȻ𶯷ǳ󣬾ĸֳǸейֵ籩ܾҪʼˡ
캣ֻһɲ涨мίͿ԰ΪʲôʡίҪԳأȻ϶Ҫܻмί˼һôҸеε顣
캣ߺСʱмίŵ֪ϢȻ󱨸ھھʱã˵鲻˵ʡίд߸ɲΪʲôȺίһкѵôί𣿡
мίԬվһʱû˵ǣʡίίĹϵһίô˵
ԬҵʡίҪȥʡίΪʲôͨоͰ˸ˣ캣йܸɲҪΣھԬ
ԬĻһµǣʡίô죿
ھʡίǣֱȥʲôкҲ򣬾ʹǵˣʵûǵ£ֻȥҪˡ
ھˣԬִֻھȻܵʡίȥ»»ǼίǼֱȥҹά
»һԼҪˣ»˵мίʡίҪʲôˣҵ٣
»Ԭûһǽ͵ǣίǵ˼һԵشǵĸɲǲȻҹҪˣǸһȥý
ʲôôһˣǼίͬ־й֣Աѩгͷ⻹һԣҿǾȡ֣»ԬĻ
»̬ȺǿӲԬеѰ죬ѰҲҪ氡˵ǣֻǺйִкˣûкίмίкǲЩװɣǲмί
»鲻ҸģǹֱӸģףֱȥǹȥ
»⻰һԬʱˣôܺȥֱҹάάʡίίίǰȻάǸʡֻ𣬵ǵλȴ󣬲һϡ
ԬЦЦǣ㿴ֻҪҳʾʽ֪ͨǰ캣ˣȻҾͿԻȥˣ㿴òã
û뵽ԬҪʲô»ڿͷ֪ͨ캣˫ˣǣǳеˣǰܸ֪мί˵Խ˰ɣͷǵǻ㱨
Ȼھһʡίίλǳ֮ߣ»ʱû̫ھԬ£Ϊ캣֮Ի£ΪھֶӣڹҪˣѵͲ±˵ʲôл
»Ԭеûа취ˣȥҹάֻûȥ֮ھһܣһ룬캣֮Գ£ܿйأ»˵ʮеӦָһ֮û֪ͨίҪԭˣ
дȻҶԼ˲¼ɣ
ھȽ绰Ǵά빫άͨ绰ӵ绰ǹά飬Ȼȥ߹ά
άھ绰һ룬֪Ǻ£ǽ˹һͨ绰֮ھǶԹάάǣھиһ£ʡίйִһĸɲ𣿡
ھһάһӾ֪ʵ˭ˣ˵ھŶҸˣʡίйִ˸ֳ캣Ϊܻߣ԰˫ˣʲô𣿡
ھ˵άǣ캣ǵйܸɲʡίΪʲôΥΥ͵ҲӦƽмίϽɣû֪ͨκ˾Ͱ˸ˣǲǷ׵أǲ֧ʡίĹǸеףмίԬͬ־֮ұǴ绰һʣ˽һ
ھ˵ôһѣ޷ʦģάЦ˵ھǣʡίȫʡķܶǷֹּңȻ캣йܵĸɲʡίֻҪΪҪʡίĻʡίֱӽе鴦ģ֪֪ͨͨίмίһʲô⣬ǿ϶Ҫ֪ͨǵģֻʱϵ⣬ھ뼰֪ҿ԰ר㱨һ飬ȡ
άôһھ֮üº֪ͨϣ֪ͨίº֪ͨ벻֪ͨʲôأһߣҶ֪ˣα˷ʱ֪ͨأҾǰ֪ͨǺбҪģίǣҪǵĸɲΣȻɲǻôίǣ


1566 ʡѡ
ھ˵ȻȥǫѷʵȴͱˣùάͷȽջԼôʡίʡίίȻҲʡίίͬʱֻʡеίǣΪʡίǿָȫʡļͼ칤ʡίίֻܹһУҪûʡίίͷΣ˵𣿷κһؼеίǸʦ
ʡίίȷʵûھϣǴӸʡǰ£˵ʡίֻץһɲʹɲҲץɣҲʦﰡ
άеھƺڱһɻȻˣԴûŪʡְ֮ͷȽջ𣬵ŪŪʡ±Ƚϸӣջܽ⣬㵱ʡί𣬷˰ɣӦ֯𰡣
ھǣǼίҲǶǵĸɲΰǼί참Ǳԣ֪ͨ˰ɣ֪ͨˣô죿¥ɱô죿˭ھǣҲǳĿǲŻû֪ͨھǣ˵ˣвάھһ͡
˹άĻھҲٶ˵ˣĬһ˵άǣǼίǵɣҲǵɣ˵˰ɣ
ھûбάĻ˵ȻҲ˵ھʡίίάҲʡίί˭Ҳ˵˭ġ
˵绰άͷȽʡί鴦캣ί֪Ӧֲ֧ǣȻȴʦʩѹֱȨѹˣȻھʲôȨѹأʲôѹأ
˰죬ά⣬Ȼ˵ʡίǣҪ쵼ɲڸʡϸɲʡίûв鴦Ȩʡίһ²ǽм죬ʡίҲȨලʡϸɲģָʡϸɲʲôΥΪǲǿԱ浽мίдǵһȨ
ھʡίôΪʡίǵҪúõؼһλʡеίǣһһʲôȻھʵǿලһ˲ףǲҲҪල
άЩ֮󣬱ȥҶƽ㱨һ£ҶƽһҶƽϱǲƣеھҲʵǹڰˣѵ۸άһˣǹάˣ۸άʵھȻҲûаʡί̫
ʡûеϣǱˣҶƽҲǿǵжάʦһִ³սΪʲôսأ²Ϊûеʡʡڲ鴦캣ŹϵĸӵĹϵ£ھ᲻ΪǨŭʡί
⣬ھʡί캣ֻܲ캣һŹϵְѸ˸ܻץԽԽиɲĻ϶Ӱ쵽ίھĿģҲרάʦһ£Ȼʡί˼ɣȥץˣҲھһ뷨
Ҷƽ飬Ȼ߹άҪھֻҪʡίΪҪ鴦йԱֻȥ鴦ھھʡί
⻰Ǹάһܴ֧ˣҶƽ⻰άصĵʱǱߴˣ˲ϣʹ˲ϣʡίҶƽָʾҲʲôɵĵġ
һ飬άҲҶƽ㱨ھ˵һЩ飬Ҷƽ֮ȥһҪעⱣܣϾھǳίӻҪŽģ𲻺õۡ
άͷʾףҶƽʡίǣǵȫ֣һҪҶƽģ˽¡
ھ빫άͨ绰Ժ̸мίԬʾʡίûоίʹеĸɲмίҪֹҪдﵽίҪţʡίеĵΪΪ
ھĻԬеһоھ̫ˣ̫޷ˣͬڰӸܷӰشѹģҲ֪ھôġ
ȻЩھֻȴӦھּȥ죬ڽʲôھԼȥеˡ
޺÷˳ʡʡǿճһʡʡλȫʡôĵУ˭ԵϵģͬʱʡֱһЩҲŵʡ뷨Ըʡ֮Ǻܼҡ
ٴίһֱʡ쵼ְⲻΪٴǰʡ˿GDPȫʡڶĵؼУһΪٴĸɲٴĸɲʡ쵼ԱģһЩõĻᶼٴĸɲռˣ˴˴θʡ֮λһȱǿʼ˻ȡλʡ
Ѿʮ꣬ʮ˸ʡǰ;ǱȽԶģԣеԼڱصãȻʧᣬԺûˡ
ٴڸ󹤳̣ڼ䣬ٴίȫʡһ칫¥Ͷʰ˸ڣװݻϿֱǺͺլһˡ
¥һɱϵع⣬ʱʡί֪һͨȻˣҲûʲôãֻǰһЩװ޵ĲָͬʱҪȫвŵİ칫صȫŪ¥ȥԼԴϵۡ
һģ¥粨ƽϢȻʱһ̫ĵλڰ칫¥ڣԵô¥Ա̫̫࣬ӵҲȫһЩλ˻ȥ
һڣϵ֪еۣϰŵְҲǸеǶϷˡ
Ȼֳһ粨;ûܵκӰ죬Ȼίǵıϣ·Ƚǿƣٴ˵һԭأͬʱʡŽϵȽȻˣھԺϱ˵ĹϵҲܲʡͷŹ㷺Դ
Ҷƽʡ֮ȥһٴУһٴУǰڳ¡صӭ̵̺أ紦ӭһҶƽϲġ
ȡ㱨Ľ׶ΣҶƽǰٴеĹɼһЩֱҶƽٴطӦǷǣȻٴеGDPȻܴ󣬵һ˾ȴǺ٣GDPкܴһũҵģٴһũҵС
ҶƽĹ۸кܲŵٴίǵѡȻʡ쵼ź֧ܶߣܵģԱһֱûҵᡣ


1567 ͻȻϮ
뵱ʡȻҲȡҶƽֱ֧֣ϵϱʾ뵥Ҷƽ㱨ν㱨ĿĵȻ㱨ҶƽӽȻȡҶƽ֧֡
ȻҶƽûʲôõĹ۸УٴеĸɲҶƽ￴һٴĸɲռʡǵĴССְλ뷨ģҲ˵ʡֱţʡ쵼Ҳźüٴĸɲ
˴ڿʼҶƽŸıһˣֻҪһٴеĸɲֻҪɼǺͻģϾԷˣϱʱǸͨ
ڸʡλӿ˳˭λڱҪˣһȫʡĸɲϱóһݷθʡְλһǺȻ߾ӵһλ
θʡְλĸɲҶƽ˿ûһġһҶƽʱϳίƼĻһ֣˸ûϷԣʡίƼʡ쵼ѡϣҪأٿƼ
ʱĴϻӽʡǱʡˡ
ԭڹصίǣεеȻΪɲʡˣίһְ
þûˣҶƽ֪ʣ̽ӼȻһǰһòҶƽ˵ĲˡһԷʱҶƽ÷ú˶˹Ƿ⻶ϲˡ
ҪǵʵģǢҪгƽƽһ֪Ҷƽ֮ĹϵȻҶƽԽӼʱ֪Ҷƽ֮źеĹϵ
һ֪ƽȻǶʵȽˣҿ˼о÷չĲȻĴʣǸе˼ҽʡĸɲǻᷢչãʡĸɲ˼̫ˡ
Ҷƽһʱ򣬾ǺȻǵǸʡְλ⣬ίѾˣڽʡḱʡ²ô׵ˣΪɲεʡǾл𣿶θʡҲԽǰʡְλ⣬Ϊʡɲ뽫Ϳˡ
б뷨Ҷƽβ飬ֻҪȫȥҲһѵ£ؼΰƽĹϵʡڵķ
Ҷƽһ飬һҶƽҪذʡǸƽֻҪܰҵͿˣʡʲôν
ҶƽһЦڿɲһĸɲ㵣һְҾͲ˵ˣ黹Ҫֻ뷨̸̸
֪ҶƽǶһ֧֣ԭʱҶƽڰʡҲö֧֣˰ʡһᣬҶƽȻ뵽
ڰʡǴŴ뿪ˣص֮󣬱ǿ飬ΪҪḱʡҪʡί֧֣ʡί֧ʱ鲿Ա죬ǾпͨʹҶƽ֧ҲһŪϰ
ԣڽҲҪ׼Աڿʱ˳ֻͨҪͨҶƽ֧£ͿԻصϼҵθʡˣǿɾ½ˡ
Ҷƽʡίίɲ⣬ĸɲҪ漰ʡֱŵĸְ÷ñʡίθ౻ʡί֯γ񸱲÷Σƽãʡί֯񸱲һǳҪλӣԶоԲ÷õμ򵥡
˵ȻǺɲһоģĳίȻ֪飬˶ҶƽģȻʱֻƽȴǼˣҶƽڰ˵ʱҲǶɲо˼ʹԺʱҲʲô˵Ǻܿͨˡ
оǳ˳Ҷƽ׼о⣬ȻԺͻȻ˵ƽǣ⼸ɲоˣƼɲȴһֱûоرŽʡԺʡǱߵİӾǳ˿ȱһʡǲоһ飿
ԺͻȻڽһ꣬Сǽӻ˵òʡһʡЩǲðţٳٲǰŵĻǲƼһ顣
һһͻȻҶƽʱ˾裬֮ǰǲƺõģʱͻȻϮҪƼʡ£Ҫ֪鲢ڽ쳣ί֮ڣԺӦģʹҲǲоģǳԺ᲻֪ȻȴͻȻΪأ
Ժ˵֮󣬱ǿҶƽҶƽα̬֮ǰ˺ܾãҶƽһֱƼʡѡǺżԾҵ£һһ룬˼ô졣
ҶƽʡίǣίоʲôҶƽģҶƽͬо飬ίͲоͻίܴܵԼҲûа취Ƴ飬ڳίٿڼҪоĸ⣬ôΪʡίǾͲٸˡ
õľȽش֣ʱСʡʲôǸСͬʡȥСˣСƵ֧ء
ԺһҲСҪ뵱ڵʡȷʵҪ֧֣ٴĸɲڶ࣬Ҫȡÿٴɲ֧֣ôǲվȽŸˡ
ˣһҵСп£СǰͬˣԺһǸо׶ˣֻҪСϣڳί飬ǱȽȻˣʲô̫ѹΪΪʡ䱸ӣСҲͬ⣬ҶƽôһϣҶƽòͬƼʡѡȻͿ԰ƾȥˡ
ûкھҪС֮ĬΪ֮ǰھʡ飬ھȽڹϵе㲻ˣȻе㲻ͣͬΪٴĸɲʲôµĻǻվһġ
飬Сֽ˸ͣĳίҲɵӣһָ֪һЩˣʱͿҶƽα̬ˣ˴ұǰĿ⿴ҶƽҶƽʲô̬ȡ


1568 ۼ
Ҷƽ侲ؿһУ˵ʵʡȱְȷʵڽƼ䱸СԺҲûʲô֮ûƼµĸʡѡûпе𣿶ͷôͣ뵱ʡǿңʱͬƼʡѡôԺ˵֧£Ƕˡ
ƣҶƽ֪һͬԺҪʱ¾Ͻ֮·ô룬Լôķߺޣô
ΪʡίǣڰѿȫֵϣƵģʹ֧ܴ󣬸ֺܴȻⶼѲۻ۾
ҪĽ֮·⣬ҪһõźţСʡίƺߵĲСڵγʡʼƺʡίǾԶ֮һʡƺָԶˡ
ʱԺǲһһأСеʡһְȷʵҪ䱸˵Ļڲ˵Сʱ˼ȻʡȱְСȴûἰʱȴǸԺ˼еܿɵġ
С䱸ģȻĳСǾ͵ĸɲ֮ǰڴ͹ι쵼ڹҵһףʡ쵼ʵϻǴŹɲһЩӡ˽˼ôֱˬ͸ɲʱֱֱȥܸܵĿ޷˵Ķȥƽ׽ˣʵҶƽСܸܵ
СĸԵţѧӢɽУڹʱ˧֮ƣŰԼε˵θʡȴǲֱԭΪҶƽϴξܾƼʡѡǽ̸ˡ
Ҷƽе͸С˼ŽȻǿƣֱףڹﲻͬȻСǣﵫǹأȴĥ⣬뷨ƫ
뵽ҶƽеСϿܻᴦһ״̬̫ãҲ̫άŹϵѡ
ĿڳĳίǣҶƽɤ˵ڸʡѡƼ⣬˵һ£鲿ڽп죬ûҪʡƼҪʡƼĻƼʱͲˡ
ԺһʵƽǣĻ鲿Ҫ룬ǴǱˣ
Ҷƽһ۵ڻĽۣһнпܣȲҪżǲǣҪֻİš
ʱھͻȻ˵Ҳһ䣬Ҿüʹ鲿һʡҲӰ쵽ǵƼΪƼˣҲδػãҪƼһ£ԱʡίǻƼɲģԴٽǸɲĻǺбҪġ
ھһĳί۾һȻиھ˵˼Ҷƽ̲׽һ֪һЩ˶ѹƱʡɲвʵҶƽѹƱʡɲѹٴĸɲȻһ޷ֱ˵Ҳ֪ھԺ˾Դ˾ٲ
СھĻ֮ǿҶƽƽǣҪƼһ°ɣƼһǶԸɲһֿ϶Ҳܵһ´ҵĹԣӦаһɣ˵ǲǣ
СԵúܿҿƶʱҶƽ飬ҶƽѾܾΪܾˣȻίΪⲻͬαʡĸɲӰ쵽Ҷƽ˵
Ҷƽоˣγ˶һְΧȥʱҪܾǳ˵Ķˡ
Ҷƽһ뵽ˣһʵƼ˭θʡأ
ҶƽһڣԺ¶һ˿ײ΢Цû̿˵ǰĿ⿴ھھʱ䵱ȷãҲɤӣ˵ƽǼȻʵ⣬ôҾͽһҾøʡһְѡɣϣٴ꣬һֱίǣƼĻҾǿԵģòǾ˵ˣ
ھˣ˳һԺ΢΢ͷǽ鳤ȴ˵ٴǱߵִ΢ʣδһʵĸʡѡҽƼίΪʡѡˣȽϺʡ
һķ費ҲٴĸɲҴʱҶƽܵԺھ˵鳤ǰһѣϾҶƽʡί鳤֮Ȼ˷һֱûл鳤ҶƽǱȽϸмˣڹؼҪվҶƽһߡ
֮Ƽ֣Ϊֶǰ칫ҳԭһҶƽҲܽܣ˵ַǳܵҶƽͣҶƽʲô
֣Ҷƽûпǹֵƻһ꣬ôḱʡ϶ǲʵģ鲿Ҳͬ⣬ҶƽȥоҪܶģû֮ǰеίΪá
Ǵʱ֣γ֮ƣ⵹Ҷƽеοɵض࿴һۡ
޺÷ҲʡίίˣԺھΧŸʡѡҶƽǿȥˣ˱˵鳤˵ûٴǱ߸˺칫¥ع⣬ӰܶӣƼΪʡԲͬ⣬˷һʡ
޺÷ֱӵ£Ժüͷһ壬˵Ѿ˶ۣǲϵĲ׽Ӱ֮ʣ칫¥Ǻ̶ֳȣͨ¥ܱߵĿһ£һзչģʽǲΪϵң˵ͬ־ɹǺģɼҲܴ󣬲ƼҲ
ھҲͦ˵ûΪٴίǣٴʡڶ󾭼ǿУƼҲֻܴˡ
ĺܼңҶƽ֪ڸʡϣԺھƴģǰϸʡıٴɲʵһ׳϶Ը⿴ġ
˵䡣ά̧̧ӣʼ˵Ƽʡ֮ǰûнҲû⣬ִⷢҽͲҪˣƼθɲϣ֯ί֮ϢƣͷѸѡ˵֮ۺòãҾǶԸɲε̬ȣôΣǵƼˣӰ쵽һɲΣҵһСС
ά˻һҶʱƿԣΪ֮ǰȷʵ֯ίϢƣԱɲĴε⡣


1569 
ίˣƼʡϲɢԺھ˱Ϊʤգ˭֪ͻȻɱ˳֣Ŵ޺÷͹άһ֣ĸʡƼ͵ˡ
ҶƽԺھ˱òǳߣԣȥԺ󣬾Ͱѹά˹ٴǸίǵ飬Ҫٹ˼ٴί̬ȣˡ
ҶƽάȻҪֳһ£ԭĵûнӴʵԵ⣬ھҪȥһЩʵԵˡ
ԺھֱƹҶƽȻ˷ǳջ𣬵ǶСأ治ýʲôСֻǡôرԼ˵ԺھһСΪҲ¶һЩ⣬ô޺÷ĳЩǣơ
ٴǱ˵ʡίίϵƿڴᣬ˵⵲Ľ֮·ûᣬ޺÷͹άҲһϺ꣬Ȼʱһ
ǱȽᣬԴ޺÷͹ά˵ûнΪ֪޹ֲ֧û뵽Ҳû֧Щϣʶᡣ
ҲûãʡίίһʡίίھԺ˶κβһίʲô취
һڳֹͣһɲǾί칫첨첨ھĴأʡίϣ첨ڻʳҹܻйɷݣÿֳϰԪ֮Ը첨ĹɷݣȻ첨ϡ
άһӵı棬Ҷƽ棬Ϊ漰ھ飬ھ飬˿϶ΪھԴ֪飬ôھȻҪܵӰ죬Ҫ˫飬²һ׵顣
ҶƽһԺ󣬸еȷʵһ⣬ΪھʡίίҪȡʲôʩĻµһھ˵
ȻҪǵھ˿ܶȡӵֶΣΪʡίǣȻԼİӳԱʹھҪӣҲھеΣϻҪھһͨͻȻְ첨ץˡ
Ҷƽһ飬ȻԸά֤ŪʵˣȻھͨҪϴֱӰ˸ˣھٷɧҲ硣
άĻ֮ȥô£ΪҶƽǱȽȷģˣȥ֮󣬾ǰ»ٺúõһ֤ݣȻʡίԱǰίֱھ㱨¡
Ҷƽָ»ȥ¡ʱ첨û뵽ʡίᶢʡίٱϾھ飬ʡίίߵˣ˭׶
ˣ첨ȥ֮󣬲ûʲôĵģ֮Է£룬ȻȥԱѩھҲû취־
첨ھѾüˣٹһӾȥĸǾǸ쵼ɲˣֻҪʲôϾܴﵽĿġ
»֮󣬱׼صĲϣȻżʡίԱмίҵмίԬ
Ԭһһݣ벻ʲôɣһλãֱӹˣ֪ʲô£ܵھ
˼Ժ»ûк˵ʲô£ֻǸҪھ棬ҪͬһæԬʲô飬»ھ֪֮ˣǣίһɲھһ¡
һֳˣԬﲻһ˵ǣĸɲʡίעˣ
»ЦôǵĸɲⰡǺðɣھȥǰɣ
»һԬֻô»ǰȥھھһ£ھڰ칫棬»Ԭ֪ʲô£ȻǽӼ
ھ֮»ǵԬ˵ǣһݲϽ㿴
»ǰѲϽ˹ȥھһھǽӹϿһһüͷû뵽顣
̧ͷ»»ͬ־ʡίĲϣ
»ǹҲҹ㿴һ
һھ˵Ұ첨йһʣǴΣ
Ԭ֪ʲôϣھһ˵첨йһʣǸеãѵ첨飿
Ԭһ룬һʱû˵ھһ첨Ԭȥ֮ھ»һۣʵ첨ҵ飬ҵ׵ģ˵ҿǲεġ
ֶӣȴǰ˳ھǳΪһ£Ӱ쵽ˣû뵽ġ
ȻˣҲûа취飬ֻܺ»˵һ˵£һ»̬ȣȻ»ڴʱʲô̬أ
»Ļûײײھ˵ˣҪʡίĺʵۡ
첨֪ʲô£ԬЦԬʲô£Ԭû˵ֻǸȻ첨Ǹھİ칫ҡ
һھİ칫ң첨һǣͬʱ»ı鲻һее
ھ֮󣬱Ƕ»˵»ͬ־Һ첨̸һ̸ûʲôɣ
ھ첨̸»Ȼû취ӣǵ˵ͷȻھ첨һԱߵķ̸
֪ھ첨ʲôȥʮӣ첨Ǻھһ˳ˣ»첨ɫԲÿ֪ˡ
첨һˣʲô˵ھ첨Ը
첨ľȻشӦһ˵ãȥˡ
»Ǵ첨뿪ھİ칫ңһ·첨û˵κλղھ˵Ժеͬû뵽ʡίֱҵھץ
ھû˼ҵĲ첨ʾûУУҲֻһЩСûдĲ
ھûɻʳҹܻ᣿첨һʵ£Ӳһ£æϵûɻʳҹܻᣬݿ˹ɣûйϵ
ھ˵ȻȥʡίˣģֻҪûΥΥκ˶ԩģ
ھʱ첨Ȼ첨Ͽ϶ģܰʵһӾͽĻھҲˡ
첨һЩһ·ϲĥ飬ŵ˼ί֮νֻͣнˣίпܰŻȻܾͳˡ


1570 ʡ
첨ʡί˸ˣϢѸٴУ첨֮ھʶ첨߶ɵӰжԼüί˸ˣ϶ΪĿΪ˲ʹΪ˲ôΪ쵼ҲƲʧΡ
ھʱеżˣʡί첨ûָʹأҶƽ᲻أҪ֪ոڳίϣ֧Ϊʡĺѡˣ϶Ҷƽ˼ټ֮ǰ֮ᣬҶƽһǶˡ
Ҷƽ֪£᲻£ھеֿԣȻȴ벻ʲôõİ취ˡ
һʱ֮䣬ھеԼǳ֪»˵ʱͲ첨ˣôߣֻ˵첨ҲУУҪֻܹ첨ϳ⣬첨Щˣֻܿ첨ǲ£쿴ܲܵʲô
ʡί첨ߺ̶飬ǲڻʳҹܻйɷݣ첨һʵЩ飬һҧڻʳҹܻûйɷݣݵĹɷݣûйϵ
ʡίȥݣݼʡί֮ҲǼ˵ɷģ첨ûйϵȻǼ˵ɷݾ첨ģֻǴ֣ЩɷݶǸɹɣ첨ݶûͶǮ˵ٻġ
˼Լʡί˸оû˵ٻ˵ٻ첨첨ݳ첨ֹɷݣ֤첨ĸɹɡ
֮첨Ǳ˫Ȼƽ˾дھڵ֪һ֮󣬸е޿κΣ첨ûˮ첨˵Щ¶йأôѿ
첨ץشھĴڣҪ˵һ𿪻ʱȻǼ£ھҲܸܵĿ⣬·첨һ𸯰Ƶġ
ڴھߴ磬ʮ㣬ŵʡѡˣȻڣֶӳ££һʮҲǸеãûʲôˡ
ʡѡûеȹ೤ʱ䣬˶ۣʡίʡΰʡʡʡظɲһûеõ
鲿ļ鲿һּɲģһҶƽӼǣȻ鲿ԱƼļҶƽС
Ǹʡǵίɲ鲿ļֻƼļƼΪʡʡѡˡƼʡ֮ɰʡίƼ齻ʡ˴ʡ˴
֮ҶƽЦ֣ƼΪʡˣеܸˣȻпܵϸʡ
鲿ԱļҶƽ֮ڰʡ극ǻȥˣ֮Ҷƽšȵ鲿Ա֮ҶƽЦ˵ֻϼְ˰
Ц˭˵أе̫ˣرﵣʡίǣ͸оؼƵġ
ҶƽЦЦ˿֮Ĺʵӣǵڣ֮֮ĹϵǰӳԱĹϵˡ
ڶ죬Ҷƽٿʡί飬ʡ쵼ʡ˴쵼ʡίίϣҶƽ鲿ļһ֪θʡˡ
һĽܣ֪Ҷƽ֮ŹϵģҶƽΪʲôڰʡƼɲԭԭҶƽмƻθʡһֻҪ֧ˡ
Ժھ֮Сֵ˸ʡǸеʡ̫Ҷƽˣ޺÷һһҶƽҲ̫ˣеﲻ
ͷʹҲҽʲôֻܱʾӣļԺҶƽ˻Ǽ򵥵ؽһʾܸʡʡϼңһŬЧ硣
֮ҶƽҪʡ˴ΪʡĹӦķ
֮ʡ˴ʡ쵼˳ʡίίǼᣬĿоΪʡԱ£ҪʡǵڸʡȻҪʡĵ飬ΪʡԱֱӿʡ쵼ˡ
Ժһ˵ƽǣǲǵͬ־Ϊʡʡ֮ΪʡԱ
Ҷƽһ˵ļ£ǴʱΪʡԱÿʡ˴ܣҪȵ긱ʡ֮ΪʡԱ˵ǲǣ
ԺڴʱҲ磬Ҫȵʡ֮ΪʡԱЩˣҶƽȻͬ⣬˵ίʱھҲûٸͣͬʱСҲ˵ֻԺ飬һûзˡ
ʡίʽΪʡԱίһԺϢʱٴ󣬱ǴΪ𣬾ͻȻһȫϾʡ·ӣеǲˬ
æʡίȥԺ˽Ժǰ齲һ£˵һѳɶ֣˵ûˡ
һ˵ԭƹһҶƽйҶƽ֮ץ˲ƵĸɲǴڵʼƵĸɲˣżǣġ
ԺҲ֪ģʲô취ûа취ʲô㻹ʵʵٴȥɡ
ҶƽһֱθʡҲİ˵ӽͬ⣬̫ô򽻵ˡ
ԺѾˣ˼ôٽ㣬㲻Ҫˣúõǰɡ
ԺĻ֮󲻽ҡҡͷоΪʧҶƽʡĻȻʡίǣڸʡ͵ˣ棬ⶼҶƽӵԵʡ
ǣҶƽ½˺üŮɲ˵ЩŮɲ֮ûвŮϵͻȻ˵
Ժ֮ʱһ˵˵⻰и𣿡
ֻǲ²⣬Ҹо֮һʲôĹϵȻΪʲôҪЩŮɲأ㿴޺÷÷ûǸ࣬ҪλˣҶƽĲ֣ǲţһ
Ժһص㲻Ҫˣ¶᲻ãŶҶƽʲôֻҶƽеЩջѣʱ׷ûʲôý
Ժһû˵ֻ˵һ˵ѣ˵


1571 
ûеϸʡȽջ𣬻ȥЩСȦˣ˷߷߲ƽ˵ٴ⼸깤ôɼȡô󣬾ȻûеõΣǶ
ĻͷҲģǶ涼߱Ϊʲôͻᵱϸʡأһȶ֮󣬾˸ˣ취ѡϸʡŪһŪ
һ۾ʲô취ѡϸʡأұǳ⣬ʱ뷨£һЩ˴ίȻǿѡϸʡˡ
ͿǸǣίôģίǿɶǴ쵼ĸأһЩ˱ǸһίʱҲÿҲʡ쵼ѿһ¡
һ뵽飬оǿΪĻٿҶƽеǳѿҶƽô졣
һ˵ʡǻٴеļɲС֯ƱһЩȻҶƽ˶ѿ
û죬μʡ˴Ļ飬ѡΪʡһƱʮѡƱнöʮƱнʮƱķƱĽȻеѿģΪⲻʽ˴ѡ٣ֻǳίѡ٣ܶôƱأ
ҶƽҶƽʱеɫһã»治ò˳ѡˣֻȽϸеѿѡ
Ҷƽùά跨һ£һôһ£ǲڸСάõָʾ֮̿չдһЩһûһ¡
˼죬άǴһЩˣҶƽڴ˴ѡ֮ǰ˷ӳٴĸɲʡǻҵʡ˴ǱߵԱ֪ǲйء
һҶƽʱջڲȻôԼҲٿάٴеί⣬άҶƽ㱨ˣҶƽίǵĵѶȷǳΪʲôأҪίڵŹϵߣֱӲʵһЩٴίǲϵģٴίѴ˴ӱصߣˣѶȴ
Ҷƽﲻһ룬ΰ飬Թά˵һΣٴίƼΪгûͨҪһ뷨ʡŲŲλӣ
άǰʡʲôأ֪ܲܺõΪ˿Ҳ쵽ʲôˡ
Ҷƽһǹȥصô᲻ʲôЧ
άȥ飬ҵΪһ취ֻǲ֪ᷢʲôίǷǳ裬ͷ֧֣ȥ𶯻ܴǻǻ˼ɣҴһЩΣ£ô鷳ˡ
Ҷƽ˵ĵҲǣһصίһ죬ǲȿסģȥפǽʲô飬Ǿ鷳ˣԣҪͱѡסܲȿص֤ݣ
ά²УҲ֤ǲͱ𣿡
Ҷƽ˵ͷ˼飬黹ǱȽѰˣȻʹѰ죬ҲҪ찡еĻԳ顣
Ҷƽһ˵һ⣬ȰȻٲǸίǡ
άίǣ˸ʡôԸ뿪ίǵı
ҶƽЦһµζûеϸʡеǳίôʡίͰοһ£ʡʡ˵᲻ͬ⣿
άһüͷչʡȻɲǿܸʡԽʡ飬ҪίǸôһ㣬ʵȨȴǲίǣпͬ⣬Ҳпܲͬ⡣
Ǵˣͬ⵽ʡﵣʡȻʡҲһάԼ
˹άĻҶƽǶЦ˵ҪԳ˵λϾٴҲǸ˺öˣʡûϣһοӦܰɣ
άһ⵹ҲǣĻͬ뿪ٴУ뿪ٴУͻðˣֻ˭µٴίأ
άһҶƽҿȥٴίǣðһЩ
гϴûܵίǣһֱڻأٴίǣһ˵ҪͬʱֵĸϣԺھҲ˵ʲôˣǴƹȥίǣҲеĸɲӦϵ鹤
Ҷƽ빫άһ飬γһ뷨û죬ҶƽȰϱԺеԼİ칫顣
Ժϱ󣬲֪ʲô飬໥ºҶƽǶ˵ϴκƼΪʡѡˣЩ飬ͬʱѾ˸ʡѡûƼˣȻϻһȱ㣬ҲҪҿһ£ٴиɵʱҲˣɼҲ㣬һֱţˣҿǸ°һְ񡣡
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵꣬ԺһӽΪҶƽҪθʡҪߣŵһôҪְλ˵ƽǣǲҪһ˵
Ҷƽ΢Цһ˵Ȼֻ뷨λһ£ϲʲô
ϱһеûش˵ͬ⣬Ժ˵ͬ⣬ôҶƽм䣬˵ˡ
ٴְʱҲǺܳˣȷҪһ£ĹɼûһõλðҵǣǾͲ˽еϱ˵ģɵĻȲԺҲҶƽˣһͷ
һϱҶƽʱһ£Ҳģ˱Ц˵ϲҾܺãҵҲˣȻҪͲ㰲һλӣǿӦŵĸλΪã
ԺһҶƽֱ˳ϱĻ˵ȥ̸ŵĸλúʵˣҪҪˣǼæ˵ƽǣŵĸλãҾȲҪǣһ˵Ϊá
Ժ˽Ҷƽ˵ǣֻģֻǵ뷨ҪˣߵĳҪߵģֻһ飬һ£̸̸òã


1572 
ҶƽԺ̸̸Ҫ˵ΪⲻʽΣʽҪƼȸĻڣֻǵһ¸ɲĻֻҪʡĴһ¾ͿˣԺҪվסš
ҶƽҪôԺеҶƽҪְˣĻھСһ飬Ͼһ˵϶ûֹġ
ȻֻˣϱɣȻڵʱĹϵҶƽˣָҶƽˣȫûԼ˵ָϱǲˡ
Ժһ룬˷ϵĺڿ۾˵ƽǣͬ־ٴй꣬ȡõĳɼܴ󣬱ΪʡɲѡƼģûƼϣʡίһλҪɲĹɼ׵ؽˣĻɲĵģˣҾֻȫʡΧڽһĵĿǰûкʵλӰҵһ뷨ƽָ
ԺָͦûʲôλӰûкλӰǾͲְܵٴмǵģһ
ԺĻҶƽ¶Ц˵ͬǵٴеȷһĳɼгɼĸɲʹûлߵְλҲҪãһְܼ飬һ뷨ǣʡίҪͬ־һʡĴٴеĹɼʡίᣬҪˣǿɲԣ
ûϵҶƽһʡĴԺ̸еǳԾĻ˵Ҳһ飬ֻҶƽΪʲôҪһʡĴѵΪ˲ûеϸʡȱ
һίǻûиʡƽǣǲǲ׵Ժû˵ͬ⣬Щɻ˾ͬʱƽ࣬ҶƽûʲôĵطͲҪΪ˵ʲôˡ
Ҷƽһ˵ίûôǿԽʡʡһְȻܸʡĴͿԽ˰λ˵أ
˰죬ҶƽԭʡһְҪ˵ʡҲʡ쵼֮һˣǱϾǸʡȸʡôһ㣬ܸʡĴְλ׶˵û
Ժһ룬еʱͬҶƽýȻҶƽʡ϶ҶƽƣǾʲôڻ˵
һ룬ԺƽǣʡһİţҾûҪһ˵Ը⵽ʡôȻûʲôˣ˲Ը⵽ʡҿҪ˵
Ժ˵ǰ棬ҶƽеЩ죬¶Ҫɲ˵ͬ⣬Ժôɲ֯Ժôչ϶ҶΣԸȥĵλĻѵҪǵ
бҪģǲ˵Ҫ˵죬Ȼ˵ˣһ˵ɣϲһ¡Ҷƽһ룬ŵȻԺĸɣ˻κϼ¡
ԺһҶƽ˵ƽǣϲɣ㱨ˣ㿴òã
ԺҲǴĺܣ֪ȥʱͬ⵽ʡְһΪ£ӣʹȥҲµģ黹ϱĺá
Ժˣ˻ͷҶƽŤͷϱϲأ
ϱ򿴵ԺԼƣȻˣҪ˵ôԼȥŲڹ
ҿҺһȥ˵ɣһЩʲô뷨Ļǻ԰һҾȽϺáϱ֪㲻£Ͼ֯ҲԺȫ˦£Ժһ¡
ϱһԺͷǰϱ໥ϣҪˮеʧˡ
Ǻã죬ҲҪƴˣͺϲһȥһûʲôĻţˣɢɡҶƽ˰壬Ժƴˡ
Ժûа취ֻúϱһ飬ȥ
ҶƽԺԼϱ֮ʡͷ̴Ҫʡ飬Ȼ˵ûθʡǴ˵ҪʡͷеҲǲˣ˿ʼ绰ףأףʡһְ
ʱȻ֪飬Ժ绰飬ʲô뷨֮һȻ˼ŵҪҪȥʡأ
ôʡֻһģҶƽģ浽ûͿӰ
֪ԺæܵʡԺ档Ժ˽լԺ̫ʦϣԺ
ԺҲҶƽ˼֪ҶƽǲΪ˽ְʡģȻҶƽûθʡǲҶƽƽһ¸ĹϵһʡͷΡ
鰡⣬Ҳ˵ͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬ʡҲʡ쵼ˣ۽Ұ϶ͷһأʡĹٴҲֻһѣ϶ܺίǵλϿһУ˵㻰˵ǲǣȥʡڿҪΪ˽ְ⣬⻰ҶƽǽģԼúĥĥԺһ룬ٴض˵
ԺĻһʱҲϣίǵλϣȷǿ˵㣬ȨգίǲܸʡĴ⸱ʡĴǲͬѰξô϶Ǻίǲһġ
ұٳƺʱͻʡˣǺ־ͻᱻʡˣоͦģȻŪʡûŪϣҲŪһʡˣҲǽˡ
ԺûаһʱûãǸԺ˵һ룬˵
Ժ͸ȥٺú룬鲻˺ϱ򽲣⣬ʡˣίһְ϶ҪóٴǱ߻ҪһٴĸɲΪá


1573 ԥ
ȥԺ󣬱˸ףصĵ绰һףأеЩƮƮȻûǵʡãȻΪʲôҪףأҲһֱٴеίǣҪ뿪ίǵһ죬ʡ֮θʡʱȨ˰ɣ
һ룬ͷҪʡˣ׼ϱ˵һ˵ͬˣȥ࿼ˡȻʱ򣬹ίǰҵ֮󣬾ǸʡίڵոͨʡǵһѵõϢоοҪģҪ
һ̸еһ£˵£
ǰٷ֮ʵʡίߵõϢʡίìͷ׼ңʵȴǶ׼ģҹ㱨һ¡
ǰĻĴ۾ȻȻǰʡίߣ
ǰҵ鲻˾ٱмίҲ£ҵʡίҾʹʡίˣԭĹϵңԴάʡίԺɾˣϵңǷ˺ô²ҵĹϵʡίͼҵһΣϢӦǿɿġ
һǰʱԼְϵʡίְҪǰ֮ûʲôϵأʡίҪǰĻΪίǣٿԶǰṩһЩ뿪ٴУʡٴеȨˡ
һ룬ԥˣűʡίĵɽƣǸߴʵλ뿪ίǵıԸء
ƻһ룬Ȼûϸϱ˵ԼͬʡˣٴһЩϢһ˵
Ҷƽٳû뵽ǲʶʲôˣԭӦ˾ˣϾʡкܴģһʼͲԸ⵽ʡôҲشˣΪʡһŻῼôá
飬ҶƽòռʶһѵõĻᣬʧȥ˿ɾûлˣͬ⵽ʡְôְλҪˡ
һ룬ҶƽǰϱҹԸ⵽ʡʡôͲҪˣűίǵʡȻƽʡְֱ
ҶƽһϱǸеҶƽȵЩͷˣҲǵģڿʲôأԸʡǾֱ˵ԸǾץ˵ͬ⣬ڲ˵ͬ⣬Ҳ˵ͬ⣬ŪѶϵģҲż
ϱҶƽָʾһϵǺûУһ׼Ҷƽָʾί¸ʡʡеľõλٴУҲһλʸίǣֻٴĸɲʡҲǿԵġ
ϱôһߣȻϢôһ⴫ͻȻеΣˣʡһְǷĪԸ⣬Ը⵱˶أΪʡίְλһֱţԸԸԺɾûлˡ
¾һоǱˣеЩżˣȻֵӦԺ뿪ٴУͷô죿ίǻ˭ڻ֪ء
г²Ĺϵó²˳λίǣûʲôɵĵˣ鲻˵ģʡ˵ģˣ뷨ԺƼ²ίǣ뿪ٴк󣬾ܷſˡ
뷨ִų²ȥʡԺԺ׼ͬ⵽ʡְĺö๤ַŲ£ϣʡίó²ίǣûɵĹ
Ժ׼ӦʡﵣʡˣԺһ룬˵ǲ˵ҲҪʡеżˣ
ԺһʵǣҪʡ¿ףǲҥ԰
Ժһ˵ϱ˵£˵ҥԣǲҥԣ˵϶Ըʡģ㵹ǲͬβʡҿࡣ
û뵽Ժǣ˼ǲҳʡ
Ժɨͳ²һۣ˵һһҸоЩסˣǲǣ
ԺһȷʵеԴҪʡԺ󣬱ЩסˣһӾԺˡ
ǣڸô죿ұӦȥʡְȻó²ҵλӣвУ
²һ⻰۾ǷΪҲŽλӰֻ֮лᰡԸȥʡĻûлˣʱȰһȰʡȥǴʱ˵ʱֻվ
ٵһȣٽɡԺ̬
Ժ̬֮ͻȻı䣬ΪоҶƽŸ⣬ҶƽܿΪ˶ٴиɲӶٴиɲְĹĻߣǵһǳ²ȻҪأҶƽ뷨óѰ
ˣԺǸı̬ҪֻеȵҶƽӦó²ί֮˵Ժ̡
ҶƽϱʡѡΪһãȴǷû̴Ӧ飬еһи˳ˣ˺ܾܿԺ˭
ٳٲӦ뿪ٴУǿеĻȻһһαԳˣԺ̸һ̸
Ҷƽһ룬һеʡİ칫̸һ̸飬һǵ뷨Լ̸ֱ֮£ܵʡﵣʡ顣
ԺҶƽϱ֪ͨһʡί̸һ̸ϱҶƽָǸеҶƽǳӣҪԳˣҶƽԳȻҪȥ̸ȥ绰֪ͨʡ
˽ӵϱ֪ͨæʡϣ˵ҶƽҪ̸ǲǺʡйأҶƽ̸һʱ֪ʲô¡
Ҷƽ᲻ֱʡʡҪҪͬ⣿黹еѰ졣·ϣǺԺͨһ绰飬ʲô
ԺһҶƽһҪסֻҪûǿʡͲҪ״Ӧ
֪ԺԺ֪ôӦˣֱҶƽİ칫ҡ


1574 ̸
絽ӣҶƽûȥϼ֮󣬱ԱߵһСҵȣ˵Ҷƽڼͣȵһᡣ
⻰Ȼǲ˵ʲôǾҶƽټԴҶƽʡ֮ҶƽĴֻһΣһί˵ЩˣҶƽϾ꣬ӽһĹ⾰ˡڼҶƽĴҶƽǸеİ˴ʱҶƽͷٻһЩҪҪʡأҪҪͰԺĻȥأʱʵԥģϾʡְλǳջ֮ȫ塣
飬´΢Ц˽һЦǣҲˣ
֪ҶƽҲټ£ʽϣϸҲܵҶƽټˣһ棬Ǻк
ºԼкһۣг˾֮⣬ΪѾҲпܵʡ飬»ǳһֵģȻԺҪʡְλ
ǺǣǰôˣЦ´кƤЦⲻЦģܲȻ
µҶң֪ʲô£˵ҶҲģ֪ʲô𣿡
һʱһתҲܵҶƽټˣ൱ͬʱܵټ
һ룬һЦˣҶһټǵģʲô飬Ҳǲ֪û𣿡
´սԵúصصǣ˵ʡҪ㵱ʡ㲻Ըȥз㶼ԣǲѻǰ
û뵽ֱӺ˵£Ŀһ˵˭˵ģûе£˵ʡͷ㵣ʡأ㲻ҲûдӦ𣿡
ºǺһЦĺ£˵ĺ£һܲӦЩǴԣΪţҪʡ£˵ʡί֯ˣֻûͬѣٴеĴǺǲһûȰ
ʡǸеһֱûͬⵣʡһְǲЩˣʡҲûʲô԰ʲô壬ǶûӰӵ£ھôܾ˸е̫ϧˡ
뵽Щҡ£ϾҶλӣȴžְܾλǲǷӦˣ
˵Żϱ߹Ƚг£˵Ҷ¾ȥҶƽİ칫ҡһܵҶƽټˣ뷨Ҷƽǲµʡأǿп޵飬ٲԸ⣬϶Ҫˡ
ﵱȻЩ뷨ˣҲ֪½ȥҶƽ̸Щʲô̸ʡ£ôٴίǽʡûеϣȴ¸ˣҸҪˡ
оңϻûߣʵ飬ҶҺʲô°ܸܲ͸¶Ϣ
飬΢΢һЦһǲ֪أҶżһЩ飬ҵĲ²⣬ҾӦʡѡɣȫʡУֻϣʡһְҶǰйȻڰ˶ˣǣ㵱ˣҾǰϲˣ
ôһͻȻеЩʧģΪϾְλԭΪģھȻߣҾҲеЩû̴Ӧ֯ҪˣŪڣоϰӺ޹⡣
Ժְλ޷ΪҶƽģΪʲô壬еǹڵˣѵҶƽͲʡʡûϣҶƽѵҪƽһ¹ϵһЩοչˣȫпܵܰ鿴̫أΪʲô±塣
뷨֮ȫҡˣԺ飬ûбҪ̫ӣҶƽ̸ҪǲӦĻǾǲʡίǵӣԺоʡĻᣬҶƽǲƼˡ
ھһϵȫˣͬʡܸʲôᡣ
ʮӣ´Ҷƽİ칫߳洺ģ·СҵʱǺһкˡҲûл̸ʲôʵҲʲҶƽ̸ʲôôܸ߱ˣǲɵ
ԺҶƽİ칫ҡҶƽļͷҲû̧ϰ󣬾£Ȼһˮǰʾлһת˳ȥŸˡ
ҶƽļһʱҲÿڴֻﰲţȻһҶƽ֪Ҷƽոպ̸껰ôʼļأǲڹ
ͬһֻСӰͣ·оһ㣬Ҷƽһλʡίǣ·˲һȻٴпһ죬һУֻһҶƽζԴҪһµġ
ɻ󲻽֮ʱҶƽ̧ͷǩõļŵһߣ̧ͷ˵ͬ־֪ҽΪʲô𣿡
һҶƽԼ̸ˣæ˶˵ҶǣʱҲ飬ûҶֱָʾɣ
ҶƽɵٴеĹʡίϿɵģϾǵľõλʡǷǳˣȻҲͻίǷǳӣٴйܾˣ¾ͻˣǿǵĸһĸλǲʺģ㰲ŵʡλϣһ¸˵ְһֱûлظϲңұй̸һ̸̸һ̸˵뷨ʲô˵ʲô㿴òã
ҶƽһѰ˼飬Ҷƽ֮ҪʡʵڣֻǿǵĹɼԼֱӸҪְ˵ҲǺֱӸʡֱţߵеǣûʲô˼ˡҶƽ֮Ҫʡһչˣһּν
ӦҶƽҪĻҶƽһѱֱӽȻԺ֧֣˭֪ԺܱܲסϾԺʡίǣ


1575 ѡ
飬Ҷƽǣһſ˵Ҷǣҽһ˵뷨ôҾͽһ¸˵뷨ɣʵȥʲôֻȥһЩʵ£ٴίλϿܶ£ȥʡЩʲôأȻְȥˣȴǷӲԼˣⲻǶԹ𣿡
Ҷƽһ˵΢΢һЦ֪˼ˣĵǵʡ֮ûʲôȨˣĴ֮ǽƻ֮ɡ
ͬ־ǸλиλãôᷢӲԼأ㵱ʡȻҪֹܵĹڷֹܹΧǿܶģûʲôʡҲҪȫʡĽǶˣһ϶ͬҪȫʡĽǶǵģֻһٴУ˵ǲǣȻʡίҲֻһʵڲ뵣ְʡίҲǿģҶƽһµ
üͷһ壬ʵҶǣʡ֮ҪֹķĹأ
һ֪ʡ֮ûȨҶƽе̫ˣȻԽԽ˵ܲȫܾʡֻҪǻӦԼġ
ͬ־ʡĹֹʡǱͳЭĽٴеĹԼʡֹҪ󣬶ǽзֹģֹܷʲôô㽲ʲôҪ󣬿ҿԺСʡһ£Ҫ󡣡Ҷƽһеض˵
ҶƽüͷҶƽͦԼҪģʡֹܵĹǹҵùΪⷽĹȨ󣬶ٴǱҲǺϤҷֹܹҵҲǿе飬ֹʲôǿ϶ǲеģΪ϶ǳʡʡֹܵģһʡֹܷܵϡ
ҶǣҶԹҵùȽϸȤٴе⼸깤ҵʺܸߣٴеһɼҶҲӦ֪ǰҶƽ˵
ҪùҵùҶƽһ˵ԿǣҵùһǳҪĹܸõĻòˣһͷСʡ̸һ£㻹𣿡
ϸһ˵ûˣһһҪҶ㱨һ£ٴǱ߻һЩûɣܲܵȵеĹ֮ٸΣ
ʡ֮ȻܼٴίǣŰٴĹźãȵõְͬʱܼٴίǣȫˡ
Ҷƽ֮˵ٴǱߵĹҪ೤ʱˣ
̴ԼҪ굽һӡ
һҪôʱ䣬ҶƽһӾʶĹˣ˵ͬ־ûɵĹԽһ£ǱҪɣɣȥԺýӹ׼ʡίһʡ⣬˰ɣ
ҶƽԲټʡһְˣ飬ٽʲôˡ
һֻ÷뷨ҶƽǰͲˣĸеίҶƽǰʡеίھ
ҶƽǺ̸˻Ҷƽе̸ĻǱȽ˳ģΪֱӾܾ飬ȻԼҪѺܴ˵飬ڿصĲѾã½йǺ̸ʲôʡ飬ȻһйȻһСȴʶ¿ܵʡһְӶѹԼǰûвȡֱӾܾķʽǽ
ֻҪͺôֻҪܴӦӦˣǲܴӦȻܴӦ
ѾӦ˳ʡֻҪͬ⣬ʱԺǾûʲôǶˣҪǵǣ˭ٴίǡ
ȻڻԼǳεٴίǣһѶȣΪֻԼεˣǹٴģԿȥûֳίǱȽϺʡ
һûܵίǣͷǺܲˣҿϱȽͨȻ϶ȥڰֵٴеίǿһֺܴˡ
һԸȥٴеίǣڹؼί֧顣
뿪Ҷƽİ칫֮󣬱ȥԺ̸Ժ㱨һ£ԺһӦҶƽҪˣɫһ˵㶼ӦˣҸʲô
һ˵ǣûа취ҶƽһҪҳʡôأ
شԺ̾ȻǾͲҪˣһӦղȥˣҲٸ˵ˡ
Ժӣ˵ǣ˵Ҷƽҵʡ׻ʲôأ
Ժ˵Ҳǲ֪ܾЩףѾӦˣǾͲҪٽˣ㿴Űɡ
һԺ˽֪ԺǲˣΪҶƽˣûа˵ȥӣҲûʲôֻûȥˡ
Ҷƽں̸Ժ󣬺ܿٿʡίίᣬоʡ£Ѿͬ⣬ҲǶһãԺھҲûл˵ˣʡ¾Ƕ
ʡ֮ίһְʱûȥеǳˣüȵʡͬʱίǣһʤҶƽǺܲġӦҶƽʡȷġ
ʱûжίǣҪίѡûȷȻֵΣٴг²Ҳ뵣أ²Ҳٴĸɲ֧֣ҲǺǿԴʱҪַͣֵͷ²С
Ȼڵ֪Ҷƽõٴίǣźǿľʱ뾡һа취Ҫѹס²ķͷӵеҶƽ֧⣬ˣȻٴĸɲʡͷǷǳǿһ£ǲµģٴĸɲ۸ҶƽڻԼӵ֮·ȻǸеŭˣҪ֡
Ͽǰ죬ʡίҶƽҪҶƽӳӳʡͷɵҶƽע⣬ֻҪһӳҶƽƿȫ֣ӶȡһĶ


1576 ²ҵ԰
ʡȷȽϸӣϸɲܶ࣬Ҷƽʱݷùǣ֮һֵϣֵ·˵һ˵ĻϻͶ˲ˣȻʵȴϲûʲôĶ˵ϵΪ˺Ƿǳõģһеǳ塣
ӡͿλͬ־ҶƽǸǣΪǱ߹ʱǼǣȴٴĸɲȻλͬ־Ѳ£̨ϵԺھǣ˻Ҫ˼λͬ־Ӱ죬ǲˡ
ûӡλͬ־Ҷƽ뷨ھˣǰԺҲŪߣȻ¸һˣΪʡίǣֻҪȥӦ˵ⲻ
Ȼڲȥ£ҪӡͿ˵ӣȻ˷ĻڰʡĹͻͣͣѾˡ
Ϊһ֣Ҫͳȫ֣ĳһЩ⣬ΪάʡȶʱҪԶһЩֻǰĿ꣬ȥһЩ顣
Ϲӳʡɽͷ⣬ʵɵ⣬ĻҶƽȥӦ顣
ͬ־ܸߣһֱڰʡҪӡ¶˻ҪһЩΪӡ¶˻ʡݵι쵼ְ񣬲ûһֱڰʡ
ٴίǣϴʱӳ⣬ҲְֵйأҪú²֡
ϣӳǳãɽͷ塢һֱǷԵĶøɲҪĺʡɽͷһǳӵģҲ֪öʷγɵģһһϦ֮ԽǱȽѣͬ־Щ⣬ҪĻҪҡҶƽ˵
̴ӦСҶİɣһ֧ȷʡĸɲö඼ʷγɵԭ򣬲˵һ仰ܽģҪʲôһᾡȥάʡίȨҪʲôҾʲô
ҶƽϣҪǳίϵΰɣ㿴òã
ϵΣԳһ£ôϷ
Ҷƽܼ򵥣Ͱĸʷһʲôɽͷ壬ԽһǲҪ̫࣬ôһᣬ㿴òã
ҶƽĻ϶ʱҶƽ⣬ҶƽͨεķʽЩίǴһЩϢ֪ɽͷĺӶάҶƽΪʡίһֵȨ
оҶƽ뷨ǳȻͻȻһ˵СҶͷӽˣôأҪҪһȻ˻˵ͷӳͷˣʲôأ
ϵĵӡͿ֪ʡίϵΣͷ뷨⡣Ҷƽһ˵ϣȲҪˣ㣬ҪˣҲȥġ
ҶƽϵĹǣϱǴӦȥ׼һ£ȻίϵΡ
Ҷƽ֮ǶҪϵĳЩ˷棬֪ԼôȻܾͻ⡣
ڳ²һֱžٴίְ֮Ҷƽ֪ǿϳίоĻһҵִģԱûеύίоҪȴʱ
²ΪгԺ֧֣ڱصõ뷨Ҳó²λ²ǵĿԺܴҲǳ²Ըԭ
Ȼ²ҲСӣϾϵĶӣͬ־˵ʵģˣ˵ᷢʲô¡
²ž춨飬ҹζ࣬ȴһֱίǣó²ӣûһֱţûˡ
²żֲȥ뷨ߴٴ£ֻܿ﷢ʩٳûеʡȥְ
ҶƽٳûеʡְҲûаȥʴ£ٴǱ߿ʱѹһѹ²뷨⵹Ҳһ¡
ҶƽȥһԶأڶȥˣһȥԶҪǿһ¼ҵ԰Ľ⣬ھͬԶء
첨£ھڵ̬Ⱥ˺ܶ࣬Ͼ£۷׷ףܱסڵλӾ㲻ˣҶƽԶӲ칤ǳͬˡ
ҶƽΪʡίҪطչãתҵṹ¼ҵķչһ֮·Ѹ²ҵ԰ԶطҲǿԶطĺãнƯȻʵУֻҪзչĻһжᷢıġ
õ֪ҶƽҪȻǷǳˣҶƽǷǳ͵ģȻҶƽҪΪгԽΣھûͬ⣬ûγɹΪ˸ɲҲǺܲˣҶƽʶҲˡ
¼ҵ԰Զصس棬оÿģǲɹΪöһЩǰͶʵȾҵ˾ܾ½פҵ٣õķչ˼Ҳ˵ǳǰˣԻĶǳأɲҪչҲƻҲһֱûȥԭ֮һGDPϲȥԼϲȥԴ˲ûиеڣΪΪԼԵ顣
Ҷƽ֪ͷǷǳģеίǺѵˣĸžGDPȥȻǨƨˣҶƽʱ룬쵼ɲǲҪȥλץǺһ룬õλ»һЩзìܣΪеķչ嶯ǺǿҵģҪֹ˷չ˼һƴ
ԻԶ߸ɰɣһһгͿˣҲɲˣǶһɡ
ɸ¼ҵûʲôȾõȻǷǳĴ£˵ʡͷѸ¼ҵ԰ԶأǸ˵Ҫһа취ṩַ㣬Աڸ¼ҵĽפ
Ҷƽչ¼ҵ뷨һǸ¼ҵչһǼǿǿʡѧҪϣֻи¼ҵûкõĴѧ
¼ҵԶطչˣĽ裬ҪͳȫʡﵽĿġ
Զ֮Ҷƽã֣ʸ¼ҵ԰ĽñǴֳֳȥݱöʩĳڹȽңҶƽǸеܰοöǳרעѲҵ԰ľǷǳȷġ


1577 Ͻ
ҶƽԸ¼ҵӵȻھܳĿȴûȫʡֻǽԶطѣøｨ쵼ھͷҲġ
ھҲǵ͵࣬첨ı飬һǧɣֶ²Ӱˣֶ¿˵޹أΪûȥֱӹԼֶӣأԼˣ飬ʹû˿ǣҲñΪʧΡ
첨֮СĽ࣬϶ٵʡ뷨ΪԼ˶ܲãôȥθߵְһ赲;ٽĺܴɡ
Ȼ֪Լֶ֮Ի£Ҷƽڱֵ֧ĽûҶƽ֧֣ʡץֶֶӲ£첨ܳⶼһ⣬÷֪ⱳá
Ȼʹ֪ҶƽӲ칤ȡõĹ㱨ȴ޷ҶƽȡκαַΪҶƽʡίǣȫʡϵĴڣȻϵĴڣʱʱػܵԺ˵ս
¼ҵչ飬ʡʵֺƵҪץ֣һҪãһͷϵһЩϵҵפʵǸ¼ҵڷɣǷǳ޵ģʡȫ֧ǣͷҲҪ֧֣ȫʡһչսԡҶƽõһ๤Ա̸ʱ˵
ͷʾһʡίѸ¼ҵ԰ã¼ҵ԰ˣʵȫʡķչսԣͬʱ԰Զصľøչ
Ҷƽھھֻñ̬ίĿҲȫֵ֧ģȻʡĿίҲ޶ԣȫϺ̵Ľ衣
ҶƽӲʱгƽҲͬһӲ죬ƽʱһֱҪھλӣȻȴһֱԸûа취ֻܼȴŻˡ
ҶƽԶػ֮󣬱뵽ʡίȫʡίίǽΣһαĵΣǰûиĵΣΪϵȻ뵳УĽڸûй˵Ҫͬ־εģͬ־ҲԸǲרְĽڣʲôأ
ȻȴǹҪҽˣ˵ҶƽٰεΣʡʡίίǱǸе֣ʱôܵʡίǽΣϽѵҪӡͿϽ
ҵ֣ҶƽģҲ÷ԣͬ־Σ˵Ҳһ£ȥأ
ҶƽרϵεʡίίᣬеʡίίǶ룬ҶƽŴң˵ʡίίᰡҪͬ־ǴϵΣͬ־һλϸḻԵʶϵΣҸоǺбҪģͬ־ǵıƸǵĹ飬ǵĸ٣ֵѧϰİǰϵΣһ顣
ҶƽһҶﾲţϿͬ־ΣǱﵽʲôͷ˼ţҪ֪ʡͬ־ȻǻȲӡͿλȴҶƽĺ«ﵽʲôҩأ
˵ʵڵģһʱûҶƽ˾ٵǺ⣬ǿӡͿ϶ְλҪϸߣΨһռƵǣϵӡͿ˴ȽһЩ֮⣬ǱȲӡˡ
ȻҶƽΣȴǱ⣬ߣǲԾβǳ²ֵ֮쳣ңҲȥҶƽھԾ˲˼Ӷʡ°š
ӡͿˣҶƽҲǷǳأεлԺھãʵٴɲʹãٻܵ˵Ӱ죬ҶƽҪ˵Ӱ죬ӡ˵Ӱ٣޷ٶص²Ӱ졣
ҶƽһǣȻδس죬Ŀǰ˵һķһ˻ǿݣŻһЩ˵֡
Ͻ߽ίңϲߵĸӣӿݾݵģѾǰʮĸˣȻɣ壬ҶƽһվƻӭίҲǼæվƻӭ
ߵεĵطԱ£ȻǿʼϿڲżѣڳһСʱĵνУݵ䣬ȥ£˼·̾
ؽǵʲôʱ򣬱Ҫһǿ쵼ģʡίΪ쵼أҲҪһģľʡίίᣬͬʱʡίҪһصãֻмǿŽᣬս޲ʤڲŽᣬɽͷʢУʲôҲǸɲãǳȡõľѵ
ЩСԺ֮˼ҶƽϹΣĿǲأҶƽ֮ﵽҵĿģҶƽûЩģ֮ͨڣԺܺõؽ顣
٩٩̸ڳίȻ֪ˣҲֻţлű¼
һСʱ֮ڽ꣬ҶƽͷƣȻЦ˵ϸǽһĵΣܵһܺõĽ󰡣һҪϵľΪϵҪ󣬰ǹá
Ҷƽϸһ߶ȵۣ˵ϱ˶еЩɬڳί֮ҲǸеҶƽ̫ˣǲЩˣ
Ҷƽ껰Ժ󣬱ʡί칫ԱϸͻؼȥȻʡίίɢˡ
ҶƽһӡͿ˻㱨֮û˵ʲôҶƽ£ʲô˵ϱ˵ϣֻǰݶѣ̨ϼɣʡίǿ϶ڻ¡
ϵΣѸ͹ϵĴڣȻԭҲһĴڵģԭϲԾԴҶûиܵĴڣȻڣһΣϵĴһӾ͹Գˡ
ȵϽԺҶƽʡίҦ˹һ顣Ҧ浱ʡίίʱ䲻Ҳٴĸɲʡͷ±ȽϽҶƽ̾͹ҶƽķԸ
÷ʡίθҶƽҲָƣýҦУֻҦܰá


1578 ӡӲ
ҶƽҦеԼİ칫֮󣬱ǰϵ齻һҪθʡίίϵε飬ҪϹȥĸ߽ϵĸ緶ΪѧϰĿģ
ҶƽţҦһ룬ûзԣͬҶƽҪ󣬻ȥ֮ǰ¡
Ҷƽ֮Ҫʡί£ĿľΪϱ˵Ӱ죬ĴڸУϵηӶΪṩϵ֧֡
ҶƽһٶܿǴӡͿ˿ϵΣĸһЩ뷨
ӡеЩסȥ̸һ̸£һҵϣӡڵķͷԽԽʢˣ⵹ķҾһƽЩɣ
ϱ۾һ룬˵ƽһˣ˴ҷſֽŰϰһѣҲҿǴӴ֮ͱлͰ
ӡҲûи鰡ƽ˾δ̫
ϵֻҪ˽ǵļţƽͷ룬öϵ£Ͳȥˣ㿴ûһεٴί֮ͺ˵ˣ²뵱ίǣҲ뵱²ü˰ɣȻûֱ˵ʲô£Ǻǰ˵仰ҾðǲҪ˭˵Ҫܸɣòűȥ˵ȥ
ӡһüͷ˵˵ȻֲҲˣΪԭϻվЩ飿
ϵһ£һƸȻָģǳģҿǲ֧ӵٴίǰɣȻϼһ֮Ҳˡ
ӡҿģ˶ˣ޷ǿʡͷٴĸɲ̫ˣҲǳٴƽͷҲ룬ԲŻϸһһСֶΡ
ĬȻһ£Ȼ˵ȷʵڰⲻñ˲ɣҿĲҪٹκˣƽһҪ֧֣˵ǲǣ
һӡ˵ͷֿ֧϶Ҫֵ֧ģҲϼһ۸ҪҳȥٴһˣһƽηӦô
Ҫ£е㾪ȡ
ӡԾΪʲôܳȥһ°
ϵҾҪڸƽ鷳ã
ӡûʲôõģҲڿƽǻ˵Ҳһ¡
ϲýʲôˣȻϵãӡҲԼŵģ޷ֹʲô
ӡ֮ûкʡί칫кֱһ绰˵Ҫٴһ߿һ
һӡҪ˵˲ãӡҪٴǿǶһֹ֧֣Ļѵð
̰źýӴӡˣ²֪ҲǷǳˣϣӡĵΪίһְṩ
ڶ죬ӡ˵ȥлʡ˻˹Ȼӡٴˡ
յٴнʱͳ²˱һн紦ӭӡһСӡ˵ӭٴС
ӡ壬ɣ˳֮ǵίԺȥϢһ£ϢһСʱ֮ͳ²˹㱨
ӡȴһֵҲǵĻ㱨ֻЩʲôöҿûУ
һЦӡϣٴںÿĶˣн裬÷չĿ裬ǣǴ㱨һ£Ȼȥ
ӡֻ뿴һٴеķչɾͣǵĹ㱨ģҲӦҽй㱨Ѿˣһ㱨ʡ
˵ӡϣô˵ٴе쵼쵼㱨һ¹ûʲôװɣ
ӡһǴ˽ʵģûʲôҲûоʡί˹ӴңѾǳˣɸ칫ҵιңһͿˡ
ӡжε쵼ʲιۣ˵Ҫʡί׼Ǵ˽ʣҪ׼ٴУͳ²ҪȫͬЩйˣΪͳ²ٴеҪ쵼ǳ棬ȻһĹʣ˴˽˵ķΧˣӡҪô˵
˵ӡ๫˽ĵǺܴĹ裬˵ҲǹͬʱǺˣǲܲӴʵ˽˵ǲǣͲҪٶˣ
ӡȻ֪⣬޷ƤȻʵҲǸ죬ƤĻᣬȻҪ
ӡû㱨ǻ㱨㱨ʱаСʱ㱨֮ӡֻǵ˵ͷ˴ȥֳһ
ȻܰͬӡҪͳ²һȥֳ
ӡֲִֻͬ⣬Ȼͬȥٴоÿ֮ͳ²ָָӡžÿչ
ӡվ￴˿ͣصͷȻԱߵԱͣţԱе̨ļߣί칫רŰŵġ
ίǺгһͬӡιۿ칤̨ȻҪȻͳ²˲Ҫе̨һҪƵ͵ʡ̨š
ȵӡιϻȥ֮㰲е̨ʡ̨һˣӡٴеһ
е̨ٴί֮£벥Ȼûκģʡ̨ǿɲ벥ͲģǣҪ쵼ģҪʡί칫ѹغٴе̨ûʡί칫׼¾ͰѲйӡȥٴӲĹƵȻǲϹصġ
ʡ̨ϸչ涨ýǳʲô鷳ٴе̨ļ߾ûа취绰
һе̨˸ʡ̨ˣʡί칫㱨㱨һҪš
Ȼûа취ͻƹ涨ֻʡ̨ʡί칫㱨е̨ȥʡί칫㱨Ϊе̨ļ𲻹첻á
һԸе̨רʡ̨˵ĿͣһҪ취ƵȥΪ˵һ񰡣겻ɣ϶ǡе̨˿Ͱ͵ӣʡ̨˾ǴӦǣ͸ʡί칫һ¹أֻҪʡί칫ͷˣǶ˵һҪʱβš
ʡ̨˵Ŀ֮ٴеĵ̨˱Ǹ߸˵ػȥˣȻһ죬Żûв֪ˡ


1579 
Ҷƽӡȥٴ֪֮ӡȥٴӡһٶͷ뷨Ķ֪࣬ӡ˾ٵΡ
ͬ־Ҫʡί׼ģȻһӡȴûͨʡί칫ֱȥٴУǺܲѰˣӡʱΪʲôҪȥٴأ
Ҷƽͷð뷨ոϵʡίίΪҽΣӡȥٴУ̫ɺ˰ɣ˵ûʲô⣬˭ŵġ
ӡʱȥٴпΪʾĴڣ˵ǸĳЩ˴ȻõɵӰ죬ӡ˾ٺܿ⡣
ӡЩסˣôأ˵Ƿǳλ쵼ģ֮Ի˼ɵĵطԸ˲ʲô϶Ȼʵʵڵشûӱܵĵط
ģҶƽǸеЩ֣ûЩʲôΪǵʸ̫ϣǵʡ쵼ʱһƼɲأǰȫһС
ٳйأҪǲأ˼ʹ˵Ҳ˵ӡʡί׼͵ٴȥ˽˻Ӧʡί׼ھͿǲһ˽˻ˡ
Ҷƽ÷йע飬һûʽĸ屨ûʲôǾˣҲҪƽˣʲôǾʽĹˣͬ־㹫ûʡί׼Ȼǲеġ
ܿ췽棬˵ӡȥٴٴе̨ˣٴе̨ʡ̨͸ʡ̨˱Ƚϲʡί칫˱棬ڻûдǡ
һҶƽüͷٴίڿɶˣ鲻ʡί칫棬ֻŵʡ̨ȥţд
Ҳó²ٴίǵְ²ί֮ѾǶϵˣʹֽΣҲᰲΣĵߡ
ǲҪظǣǲҪƵһ
Ҷƽüͷһ˵Ҫظǣϵ÷ãйע£ûʡίͬ⣬㲥쵼Ƶ
Ҷƽûͬⷽظʡ̨Ľ飬Ϊʡί칫ظ˲ͬӡ֪񲻻뷨ʡί칫һֱظȲ˵ͬ⣬Ҳ˵ͬ⣬ʱһžͳɾˣûʲôˣʹӡֻҪ˵һʱͺýˡ
ӦһȥˣҶƽߺҪҪȥһأϾֻӡȥٴûȥҲʲô飬ôѹ
뵽ҶƽеҪͿϼһ棬̸һ̸ʡ飬ٴίһְѡܲȡÿϵ½أ
Ҷƽŵʱе̨̨һ٣˵²ʡ̨˵ʡί칫㱨ûУûл㱨֪֪ܲܰ׵ˣ
е̨̨һ٣ֻȥʡ̨ʡ̨쵼Э£һҪ뷨ӡӲƵˣûа취
е̨̨ʡרҵʡ̨һ̨æʡ̨̨֪£Ǵ绰칫ʡί칫û칫ҾǸû
һûʡ̨ĸ̨Ǹʡί칫Ҳûа취ﲻˡ
е̨̨ȻЩæϵʡί칫ˣһ̸̸£Ǿ쵼Ҫɡ
е̨̨üӣͶ˵ʡί칫ңʡίЭһǿԵģôҪ֪Ϊʲôܲʡί칫ǲͬⲥû׼һǲʲô
е̨̨ʡίϵʡίЭʡ̨ĸ̨绰÷ã÷ʡίֹⷽ飬Ҫϵ
ʱѾ绰עһ飬ûü绰ȥעأʡ̨˾Ȼ绰ϵˡ
ʡ̨̨Ļ÷õ˵ʡί칫û׼飬ǵ̨ܲμɣҪΥˣҪԸ
ʡ̨ĸ̨һһæ͵÷ҵ˼ܲܰǴһʡί칫ΪŽʱЧԵģʡί칫˵ͬ⣬Ҳ˵ͬ⣬Ѱ찡ʱЧһ벥ǾͲˣʱǻҪеεĲǣ
ǳеʲôΣֻԼˣʡί칫ôʲôʱ᲻ʡί칫£޹أԵĸغμɾУʲôҲùܡ÷ñʡ̨ĸ̨Ҫ
оܲ򵥣÷˵ĺĪʲôݣ÷õĻо鲻ŵģٴе̨֮£ȫǰˣýе̨ʡίҪġ
ʡ̨ĸ̨һ룬ʱе飬תͶٴе̨̨˵ϼͣҰ첻ˣɣҪǳʡί˵һ˵ܰ°ɡ
ٴеĵ̨һ⻰Һ˵ҪԸ⵽ʡίЭЭˣﻹԼЭ
̨ԸЭ£е̨̨ɵʵ
ʡ̨ĸ̨÷ˣǲ£˵ǵ̨ҲֻģңҲûа취ʵǻ㱨ˡ
ʡ̨ĸ̨Ϊеֻ̨̨ôͷɥػȥ档Ȼǰһ٣˵ܣ¶첻á
Ȼȴ֪黹ǱȽѰ죬ӡٴʲôЧֻҪʡίͬ⣬뷨ӡЧӦûж١
һ룬еʡί칫Ҫѹʡ̨ӡٴӲƵе̨ίȥЭҲûá
е̨ȻˣɵӰСֻʡ̨˲ܲӰ죬ڿѴﵽĿˡ
ͳ²һ£һȥʡǣʡί칫㱨һ´£һʡί칫᲻ʲôɶʾ̽һ飬ӡٴ£Ҳûʡί㱨רŹȥ㱨һ£ҲӦġ
һͳ²˱һȥʡǣʡ֮һȥʡί칫ᣬ㱨
£֮ǰӡٴӲ칤˻㱨ʱҲ֪˴£ڿ㱨ûнб̬Ϊӡȥٴûоʡί칫ڻôñ̬˵ˣ˵˶ã粻˵


1580 
ͳ²ʡί㱨ӡٴӲ飬ûбֻ̬Ǳʾ֪ˣǻʲôûУ
̬䵭ͳ²˸еʡί̬Щ죬ѵ˵ӡٴʡίǳ
һ룬İ칫ңŵϵʱԺһ棬˵һ˵飬Ҳʡ̨ŵˡ
ϣ˼ԺԺ飬˵ӡ˽ȥģܽйԼĵ̨һҲͰˣʡ̨ôұǲҪ̫뷨ӡֻҪȥˣ˿϶֪ûʲôģײף
ԺһһҲǣ̫ٴӰˣţǼ⣬ڿţǼ⣬ӡȥٴʹٴһ֧Ǻαپûʡ̨أ
ǣʡͷʲôûУ϶ˣҿá˿Ժʵ
Ժ˵Ƚϸӣһ룬ӡ϶ˣܲҲ֪ʲôˣǵŰɣҲûá
Ժһͳ²˵һоǲŵˣνɴܣС꣬˲ʲôӰɣ
ʡǻͳ²˵ǲʡ̨ŵˣһᷢʲô²ܲܵίǣʡ֮󣬵׻ʲôһ
Ҷƽȥ˿ȻҶƽƽʱǳؿϵĴڣһЩȥ϶ҲҪӡϵĻʴˣΪӡȥٴҲҪȥҿϡ
ȸϵϵһ£ȷʱҶƽһˣҲûдϣ˿ϵԢһϡ
ϵ֪ҶƽӭӣҶƽӭӣǸеǳ⣬ʸϣӭСȷеǳˡ
ϣ岻㣬ݣҶƽϺǰסĵ˵
ƽû£ӲأרңҪд֮ƾҶƽȻҶƽһȥ
˿ϵĻҶƽϣ쵼㲻ǺǧҪҵ˰
Цŵ˵ͷƽǶһˣʡίǣֻһͨԱ˵ҵ쵼ҪģǶһˣ˵һҲܹʡĹҲȥʲôܽܰɣ
Ҷƽϣʲôᣬҿ϶ܽܣ߹˵ʵڵģеϵκأûпЩͬ־֧֣ǵεģ԰Ҫʲôһҽһһһʡ﹤ͬʱأҰһЩһ£òã
ϺҶƽһǰһ߽˷䣬º˵ƽϵͲҪһ㱨ˣλıҲ˵Ǿɣ
ҶƽǺãǾ죬úõ죡
ҶƽһǺͿһȻʼ
˵죬ǻһ˵ˣҶƽͿ˶һһЩαҪ˵ƣҶƽ˴ιҪ֢ᣬһЩȡͻƣΪ飬Ų̸ʲô£ԸˣαҪȵڣɲһЩܵ˵ϱϾˣһЩ˼빤п飬ȻһЩһǸӦãǱˡ
ƺҲ֪Ҷƽ⣬ӡȥٴɻҶƽɣҶƽһɣȻҪһʵ⵹ڼģ˵ҶƽѾǳĳ죬ҶƽŲʣǲǺͿҶƽ˾Ƿǳ͵ġ
ҶƽһģȻȻȻؾᵽһЩϵ飬λһ˵һ˵ϵ϶ǲܵģֻ˫һĿ˵̫̫ףԴˡ
Ҷƽ̸ٴ飬ٴǸίǰһȻᵽܴڵ⣬Ȼ˵ڻûʲô֤ݣǰĹϵУڵǰϣΪЩʡͷҪǵ²ΪгǸλãһһֱͣ˴ˣٴİӱȫС
ʶЩأҶƽʡԼûó²ٴίǣҪǳⷽĿǣ˶⣬ȷʵҪ濼ˡ
Ҷƽְھһ£ھ첨⣬˺ܲõӰ죬ھ˵ԼΪʡеίǣӰ쵽ʡ뽨ھְԵ
Ҷƽ̸ھʱ򣬿һʱҲǳĬˣھʡίίеЩʹϧΪھȫʡʡίǵıȴΪĳ£ְô;ȫַתˡ
ƽھ鵽ûǣôһ䡣
Ҷƽʡίһûȥ飬Ͼھʡίί첨Ҳûʲôҿǵǣ£ܶ˵ĲɣӰ쵽ʡǵĳ󣬶ʡĹһʵҲһѣȻһӰʡǵĹҲõġ
ҶƽһһγĬЩͬ־ǲڸ˵ľһҪվסŲУȻ߲˶ԶģȻһЩ˾ǲ뵱˹Ҫƣ˻뵱٣˵ûֹֹ֪֪ܾ֪ܶǣ֪Ƕܰ
ƽЩԼɣҲҲ棬ͬʱأҲ˵˲Ҫ棬ʡίǣһ֣ƿȫ֣ܵ˵ĳ⣬ߵϣ֪ĶͿǵĶ϶ȱ˶࣬˵ҲֻһƬ棬˵ǲԣЩȫ֪һ¾Ϳˣ˭Ҳߵġ
ҶƽҶƽеܸжÿϹ壬һͬ־ͬȻˣͺðˣҿϣĿҲϣܵõϵ֧֣⼸ϵĴϾûʲôˣȻŹǣܰá
Ҷƽߵʱ򣬽ſϵ֣ౣأʱԿϵľȫǷĵģȻ˵ӡ֪ʲôֻҪϱ̬ӡҲʲôˡ


1581 
Ҷƽ̸֮󣬱뿪˿ϵļңȵ뿪֮ӡˣһϵļңҶƽ顣
һ֪Ҷƽȥ˿ǹˡӡ֪ȥٴеûʡ̨֮ȻҲ֪Ҷƽ̬ˣʵ֪Ųʡ̨ţǲˣͷָеЩ죬Ȼ˵ˣʡﰡ
֮ӡ£ʡίڶԴϸɲһЩ֮һȴ˵ӡ˽˻ҪʲôʡίǶԵģͲҪʲôԹˣƽ̸ˣĺܺãҲңں˵һ˵Щ顣
ϾͰҶƽ齲һ飬ӡ֮󣬶ʱüͷ˵Ͽ£Ҷƽ˵鶼ģ
ϵ˵ģϣҲҪţ˵ǲǣȻͷŪǶãǶ˰Ӧˣǻá
̬ȣӡ벻˵ˣƢͬŰóһ㣬еȨڣȻҪһЩ⡣һЩϣҪϵģԿڷ˻ٶ˵ʲôˡ
Ҷƽݷ֮󣬹һڣٿʡίίᣬоٴеİӵ⣬ʱ²˶ǳģĻʲô⣬ҲԺǴʱԺѾ֪Ҷƽϼ̸飬ٴаӵҶƽǹȥ²ʲôΪҶƽƿίģֻǲԸ⿴ίʲôŽ飬Żǵ
ȻҶƽһµĻôͲõϵ֧ˣȻ˵ƽʱ£ϲ֧ڵǰ£϶ʮֲġ
ٴеίǻΣгһְǽ񽭵Уг²ٴУʡԴ
ٴʵһ󻻰࣬ǱȽϴģԺھ˿󣬸еǳãٴҪɲһӾͱˣЩܲˡ
ڱʱԺھѹֻǿͬֺ񽭵˳ͨ
ٴеĴ˵һشͻƣڴ֮ǰʵ˶ڿٴİζΪٴİ̫ˣȻٴĸɲٴҿ϶ΪٴĸɲʡͷռƣҶƽʡίҲҪٿǵɫ£ڣٴегȫеĸɲȥΣúܶţҶƽȫȫʡһЩشˡ
Ժھ˵ȻǱȽϾɥھûʶԼĵλҲҪˣ첨ĳ£Ӱʵֻ̫ûý͸©캣ϵаıֻᵽ첨ί칫ĹԱûᵽְ
ýⷽôûȥˣԺһ˶֧ˣֻʱԾƶҶƽһ
Ҷƽû̫Ժھ˹ھɥгһְٴίǽ֣ǰοһ¡
ڴ֮ǰûеίǣͷеǳɥȻȴǵٴеίǣίǺöˣκ鶼ҪסܼһʱֻҪʵɹ¡
֪ܵٴίΪҶƽ֧ԵʣȻʹϳҶƽҲܵٴίǣϾ²뵱ίǵǿҡ
һ֪ôˣҪҶƽҪȫеĹãܳʲôٴίǣ븱ʡְͲԶˡ
ָ߸˵ȥˣأȻҲʮָˣΪҶƽ֧ȥгģҶƽǰȥг˵ҶƽǷעͬѧ֮ġ
ȻҶƽܽƾͬѧ֮飬ǰŪгıҶƽгȻģ֪Լô
ҶƽٴİӸϣͷһʯͷ˵أȻٴеİеİӵȻͻѣٴİһ꣬еͷͷ˭Ųʡίĵ
ʱ򣬰ܵʡڱʡʡǵίˣʡίίУɲˡ
˵ʵڵģڴ֮ǰҶƽѰҵίǵ뷨Ǻһ룬ðԼͬѧϵһͬʡί쵼ЩʣĻ϶˰۴£Աûд뷨ڰʡίǣҽʡίίҲǶһˣҪˡ
ʡ˽ģҶƽ֪󣬱һԷҲûˣһ
Ҷƽ֮󣬰ұʵƽðɣ湤泩ɣ
һʣҶƽȴ˵ңǡǡ෴˼繤¹ϵǸӸӣǰطٱλ˼Ƚأڣ﹤е۰
û뵽ӣҵԭʱҵҲòŽʡίʡӣиλӰҾУڿ湤
ҶƽЦԭҲд⣬Ǻһ룬һطʲô˼أڵ˰ҸоͦõģʡίһְǳҪˣְλǿŽǱߵʡίˣȥûУ
ҵ˼棬ҸоȥǱְ̫飬ߵʱϵô
ҶƽǺһЦ԰ɣϣḻѧϰ鲻ģνˡ
һЦôߵʱϵ̫ã֪֮Ĺϵˡ
Ҷƽ֪֪ҲõģʡǵίǰкܴȨûһֵ֧֣ö๤Ҳûչùϵˡ
ҵ˵ͷҶƽ˵ҲиݵģھȻһЩϲһ£ԼҲǲ֧ȻھԼЩþеĹҲûʲôɫԼ֧ٴıʲôأ
ľ飬ҶƽȻðŽùϵʡǵķչͶ԰Ժĸ˷չģǧѧźھһʡίǶţȥھڻͷģȻλϣȴǵͬʬˡ
ҶƽͰұ߳Ա̸ҶƽͬʱҲţھҪĻôأȻ飬ҲҪóԼ뽨鰡ڰʡǵȥίǵʡ⵹Ҫõ顣


1582 Ľ
ٴİӵ֮󣬹ά»ȥٴȥ֣ǰ飬ͳ²˶ˣǰĵ˵˳ˣ»־ǰǰͨһ£Ȼְǰίǵλϸһĵ顣
֪ǰʱ򣬲ǴһΪû뵽ٴͳ飬Ǻ»ǻ£漴һ룬ߣǰûʲôϵʡίǰˣٴأ
һ룬ǻ»Ĺһ׼ٿίὫǰڵأһ水»ҪΪʡίĵṩ㡣
»֮󣬱ǻʡίȻά˻㱨ά֮ͷһаռȶļƻУٴЩһֱͳ²˵ϣһǰܷ£Ӭǰ棬ϻںͷأʡίҪȻҶƽҲô°ͳ²˶ߣҶƽ֪⣬˶֪¡
ά»Ļ㱨֮󣬱»ȵǰ֮ԴȥٴǰһһίȴȥһʡίǣɼӵҪˡ
»Ӧ֮׼»֮ټίίᣬٿίί֮ǰгͨ˸һȻҲǸе𾪣Ϊһǰʡί˲ٵĹ
ίϣ飬˵ǰĹͦõģ֮ǰҪΪгģҪ棬ʲôλӿɰţ֮ǲͬǰˡ
һǸǵǰʡί쵼˼ҾͲҪʲôˣǰȥθ鳤ʱһ£һʡί쵼µҪ
һҲ˵λʡί쵼ȻҲʣֻ˵ʡί쵼µҪҲ֪ǲʲôģǲٱʾˡǰθ鳤ľˡ
ίһǰ֪ˣΪڳί滹֧ߣίһίְȥǸеˣȻڻʣ֮ʲôеЩΪȥʡˣ²ҲˣλҪ쵼һ뿪ʵ͸еһ˿˿Σ
ίһĵڶ죬ίְ֯ίί֣ǰְʵҲ֣ίίֵģһ㶼س֣ί֣ĿĴǲسǵİɡ
ְһϣǰûȥܵʡǣȥ֮ǰͰڵ˵һ顣
ǰ˵ͷ飬ǸеˣǰĹϵУȻҲƼΪгѡˣȻʱʡίίȴûͨǰеãǰְֱǰܾΣˡ
ǰ̸֮󣬿˿˵ǣҲٴˣܲܰҵʡ
˿Ϊѵصڲõ㰡ҼʹҪ㣬Ҳһʱ£Ҫһʱ䡣
ǰҸоζҵĵͬѰҸо˸ҵ£ŸոΣǰˣȫûиӣ˵ʡί쵼Ҫģû˵ĸʡί쵼Ҳ²˵˼ͳгһߣö¾ͻðʡͷҲǻеﲻġ
һǰ˵͸£˰죬˵ĴɣҲΪʲô£ԼҪ
ǰеЩ¶ȻѵԸ⿸
ǰ̧ͷ˿һ룬û˵ʵڵ뷨ӣӵȥȥӣȻҲ֪ζܣһ룬ֻȥ׼
ǰȥ֮ŵ˵ȥ¶˸棬񽭼ʱԵ÷ǳУҲԵúܸˣӱϿʲôûз
񽭰鳤Ű칫ң䱸칫豸ھĹţȵһȣȵٿг칫оһ£ٸķֹ
ǰʾлˣȻȥİ칫ң죬һֱڰ칫飬Ҳûʲôһֱųӵ׼ٻհ˺üڹѧȻڹڣ˵ķ޹ϵѾʵҲûʲôҪġ
ųӣûʲôɵĵˣҪ˵ĵֻһʮﻹڼҲ˲ЩˡҪӵأǰ˰죬ǳȥ㣬һ֮ûʲôɵԼö̰ٶܵȥˡ
ǰĶʡίΪѰź˶ڰ칫һֱʡί֪ˣ²ڰ칫ʲô̰ٵĶʡίҲǶյģǰϴҹϵƽ˵ԼܵΣŰͨϵƽͲؿӵ⣬ȻʲôҲûֻǴڰ칫棬һҪֹɱһҪֹӹ⣬涼Ҫš
»֪Ժ󣬱רŸ񽭴绰ǰţ׳⣬ҪввȻûʱ侫ȥ顣
ӵ»ĵ绰̸֮ǰ乤רЭгȥץĹĹȽæǰȻ޷
ǰ񽭰ôҪĹеȽϲ죬ô£񽭲֪йصܰȻ˵ǸһԻ
ǰһʱûףֻðճгķԸȥþ飬ھæŵʱһϢͻȻһسˣмί˸ˡ
سϵУʱʮͻȻмίߣɸ˾ӣֻ֪һǰ࣬ǵΪֹеЩľ
Ȼеľʱ򣬾Ĺַǳ࣬æö޷æͷŻ룬֯ôô鴦أ
ǻлģΣʱҲǰڵӣڸسߵһ֮Ȼڻ룬ûӣܵء
ģڸس鴦֮ԭίξȻҲˣһеΣǰˣг˼٣˵岻Ҫʡǿһ
гĻеھĹȷʵۣ׼ļ٣ȥһ¡ǰһ̶ǰʡǣסʡǵһҴƵ档


1583 ·
ǰˣΪѾΣΣ֮£ûбѡҪߣȻĵλҫڣЩٴǷ⣬Ȼֻһίǣȴǻ˲ٵȻЩĽ
ȻЩггʱû뵽ʡίίûͨͳ²룬Ҳ룬ͷɲֳ£ӸҲ֪Ҫˡ
ʱ˭Ҳﲻžе鶼ȫ£Ҫ뿸еΣֻڲУȻôܿеΣ
ǰھƵһ춼ûгľģ֪ίûжʵʩļأеΧڼͻȻ뵽ĴƵмͷģﲢãȥһЩûмصСƵ꣬Сùݡ뵽һԾӴȻǰ̨ˣһа뿪˴Ƶꡣ
ǰ뿪Ƶ֮󣬸һǰȥͻȻڸһԽҰΪƵʱ򣬼ԽҰʱû̫⣬ȻڿȴǸо⡣
һǼίˣǰе˺£æǰȥǲϸռûͻȻ󺺣סȥ·
ǰŵļæܣȻһͷȴǿԽҰ˹һˣҪץסˣȻڴʱͻȻмХ⼸˶ȴһɢʧˣԽҰҲǿˣеǳ֡
վǰеתһ㣬֪ղŷʲôһλãƬʽذѸղŷֹһ飬ͻȻð亹ղŵļ˲˰ɣǼίˣίôͻȻأղмХепǵǼץߵԭĻ⼸˾пҪ
ǰʱͻȻָо⼸˻᲻ٻҪ׼ߵģȻ⼸ڰиߵʱ᲻ʹɱְȻ⼸ΪʲôҪأ
ǰôһ룬е鸴ˣҪֻ֪Ҫһȥǣ˿϶٣᲻ɱأпܰܲȻĻûˣ˵ӵȥ仹ܸʲôأֻڵײһЩ飬Ź¿Ȼڹ⣬ȥ˹᲻۵Ӱ
ǰڼŶƵУܵ˴δйѹоԼҪˣԭʱһЩΧԣָоԼһΧԣеԼ޴ӣ޴أȻڼίûжȡʲôʩȴǸе޴ڣûõѡ
鳤еذ޴صʱǰֻˣ洫һϤһίֵ
ʡǣǰʶػ֡
ʡʲôطֵЩǰȴûие˿Ĳ졣
ڡǰ¿һһʱҲ˵ʲôطһᣬǼҴƵ֡
ţҪߣʡί֯ͬ־Ҫ㣬㡣ڵ绰ǰ˵
ҵţҵţˣǿǰȻѻ˵˳·ָ˵ʡίʡί֯
ִ⣬ʡίϵǰǿǵǰʡǣֹܣԱǶ˵ʡί֯û뵽Ȼ˵Ҫף
ְʡίͬ־һ˵ʡίҲǴ⣬»ϵ»֪֮ѸٴȥʡǵǼҴƵ֮꣬ȴûзǰӰ
ʡί˸е֮ʱǰͻȻԱߵһ˳ʵǲʡίˣ
ӵʡίһȣǰһǰ߹ȥʵǰ
ǰ˵ͷʡίʣô֪ʡίˣ
ǰҹ۲Ǻþˣоǣ֪ҡ
ʡίԼĶ䣬ǰھȻʡί̰סȻаǷϴŵļٻգԼѾһõҡ
׼ߵģʡί˲ʵ
ǰǣٲңľˣ
ʡίֵʵΪʲôûߣ
ǰΪҸеΣգˣףǴ绰ңҾ͸˵ס
ǰĻʡί˳һ뵽Ȼǰһ㣬˾Ȼ
ǰʡίĴˣֱӱ˫棬˫Ժ󣬱ǰά˻㱨ץǰľάıǳأΪеǰ˵ʵĻôǰһǣܶˣо˵ĻôӾʮֲˡ
ͻǰά
ǰһ˫棬ٴ˲СĲǰڵѾ籩ǰһץ籩ĶӴˡ
άǰץҶƽ˻㱨ҶƽĻ㱨ƽһ룬˵ǰİӲͬİӣҪ漰˭漰һǳ׽е飬˴иŰĽУ̱ҡ
Ҷƽ̬ȼάȻǱּȥ£ʱʡԴ²ʡί֯򱨸棬ȥӲ칤ѧϰȽ飬ӣ֯ȫʡʮԴ־ֳвιۿѧϰʱ䶨Ϊһڡ
ѧϰļǽʡί֯ϱϵģϱõ֮󣬳˼ãȻ˵ıֻҪֹ쵼֮ͬ󣬵֯߸ʽҲǻˣȻʱȴǷǳʱڣٴеǰոձ˫棬²ٴǱߵιгڳ²ȴҪ뿪ȥп죬ʱǲǲԣ
ʹʱûʲô⣬ҪҪҶƽ㱨һ£ϱҪǵ᲻һЩʱСĽĻһʲô⣬ͻܱ
ˣϱǰ죬Ҷƽһ£һҶƽҳ²ҪȫеĹԴ־ֳιѧϰŪĶǲСҲӦҶƽ㱨һ¡
뵽ϱҶƽϵһ£Ҷƽİ칫ңҶƽ㱨һ³²Ҫѧϰ顣
ҶƽʱȻ֪²˳ѧϰ飬Եϱ㱨֮һʱʮֳԾû뵽²ΪʲôʱҪѵǰİʲôǣ˵һɺϣ


1584 ²춯
Ҷƽ֪²Ҫѧϰ֮ЩԾǳ²ҪͬҲҪɰܲԵ޹ʵȥһɲɣ
һĹֹܵģոչһЩ˽⣬²ҪȻҲþܾϱ˽⵽һЩԹ㱨
Ҷƽһ룬ÿ϶ͬ²룬˵²ǰ֮ʲôĽ֮ĽܲѰĻ²֮±Ρ
֮ǰҶƽעǰĹϵϣ²ֻгǰ֮ûʲôϵ֪ڳ²ʱͻȻҪ죬ľĻˡ
һ룬Ҷƽϱ²Źģ̫ӴˣҪѲ٣ҿҪݻȻ²ôѧϰҽȥ뵳Уȥѧϰһ꣬УѧϰҲܺã뷨һ°ɡ
ҶƽҪѳ²Ū뵳Уȥѧϰʱһ꣬һ˳²ҪѧϰԸͬʱó²ְһ꣬һЩͺõˡ
²ȥ뵳УѧϰĻĹ˭أϱһ¡
Ҷƽɵ鸱ְɣʡȻҪ²Ļó²
Ҷƽһţϱȥˣȥ֮ϱͰѳ²˹²֪ϱҪʲôֻŹ֯ı滹û֪ǲ顣
ϱ֮󣬳²ʲô£ϱ͸ϳ£ǹıҿˣҲʡίҪ쵼ͬ־˻㱨Ҫ쵼ͬ־ΪԱ̫̫࣬󣬲ȥأҪ쵼ͬ־Ϊܰѧϰȥ뵳Уѧϰһ꣬뵳УѧϰĻǲ࣬һҪúץסһѧϰĻᣡ
һϱ²ıһ£û뵽ϱ㱨Ҫ쵼Ҫ쵼϶ָҶƽˣϱȫҶƽˣʲô鶼Ҷƽ˻㱨еЩ
ϲΪԱ̫ĻҿԽм٣ֻ쵼ӳԱȥɲԣȥ뵳УѧϰҾˣôҪĻỹ˰ɣҾͲҪȥˡ²ƴǵ
²ȻƴǲȥҼҪȥ죬ϱҲǲɳ²ҪĿˣǰıץǴҶ֪£ʱǴ˵²Ļôס
Ļץʡίǰǰҷ²Ļ²²˹һҪҲ˫ˡ
ϱͷ룬ȻȻܰ뷨²Ҫ˳ط֯ȥ뵳Уѧϰ
ϳ£ѧϰ¾ͲҪˣҪ쵼ͬ⣬Ҳûа취ȥ뵳Уѧϰ£ҾǺ£Ҳ󣬻ʮỹǺܶģöȥ뵳Уѧϰûֻأ˵ǲǣɣȥ֮󽻴һ¹׼ȥ뵳УѧϰɣҶƽǶԳ²˵
ϱִҪȥ뵳Уѧϰ²ͷȻǲˣԸڹҲȥ뵳Уѧϰһ꣬;ʲôĻȥѧϰ϶Ǻܸ˵ģôܻ;Ļ᣿ίǶûеϣڵ뵱ϸʡǼֱǲܵģڹϸɼ꣬Ȼת˴Эˣȥ뵳Уѧϰ˾
һʱ̫ˣѧϰ»࣬ˣԸȥ뵳УѧϰϱַҪȥ뵳Уѧϰûа취ֻñ̬ϲŰɣû
²ˣų²ˣϱһ룬²ʲôĻٴǿҪˣеʡίרȥǰģͬʱҶƽ֮ǰٴеİӿҲģⶼһһ顣
ϱֻһ룬ǼίǣԶЩ޷֪ʲôϢֻܰҶƽҪѳ²ȥ뵳Уѧϰ鴦á
ҶƽҲΪ²ǰ֮ʲôǣȡϱĻ㱨֮󣬱ǰѹάйҪúһǰ²֮ûʲôĽУûʲôɰӵģֱӶԳ²
ά˽⵽֮ҲǸеЩɣǰ»ǰһͻȻҶƽϣǰ²֮ʲôľ²Ĺϵֻһ㣬ھҲ󲻳ʲô
άҲǸеΪ֣ѵ²ѧϰ죬ûб˼
άеܿɣһĹصӦڳ²ϣ²гʲô⣬Ҫúõ顣ǰڼ䣬ûйʲôֻǰسˣͷһ죬Ϊس״ȻҲţȻǾ̫ԿˣҲǱȽϳǰ鱨ԴҲǼسñȽᣬΪǰسҧˡ
ˣְλߵˣǰȴûṩκεڴƵǰҪҲûв˭ǰǲǲֻŻһ£ȻǸԼü죬Ϊʲôһֱûжأ
ǰһ룬еģ˵ûܰˣֲ˵кôġ
ǰ˵ίҲûʡίֻֻ˵д˫һʱ֮󣬼ίǽƽ˾ˡ
ǰ͵˾أǰİӾǽˣЩͷһάҶƽ㱨Ҷƽ͸ҪżǰȶΪܹڼ꣬һһ
άҶƽ˵һһ˼ȻҲͲżǰҪֵһ³²²ϵû⣬ڻǳ²ı̫Ҫúõصһ¡
ʱĳ²Ѿ뵳Уѧϰˣʱ̶ʡĶǰı˫棬ȷʵľʡίֻץһǰô򵥣õģ飬ûȥͨΪ֮ȻϵܺãһЩϣǸɸģǣȥ˵£Ȼɵ
ֻԼԼˣôùܣ뵳УѧϰȻѧϰʱܽǻźܶʱȥ֧䣬ھһҹϵֱӰӰʡֻҪҶƽʡίͲٶˡ
Ի֮أֻҪҶˣоʡǺаյģ֮ǰڵٴгʱҲھʶһЩˣΪؼег뷨ʶһЩǵˣǾ̫ûͷˣϾɲŵʡɲʡɲʶ


1585 ҹϵ
˵Ҳɣ²ھĴҹϵ֮ʱȻҵҶΣȻֱҵҶεģ˺öȦҵҶΣм˵ҶھǵǷǳģ˭ҲȲֻҪҶδӦ£Ͼܰɡ
һĹϵ²еʮ˷ܣҪǮм˾͸ҪĻҪ
²еЩ࣬Щԥм˿ԥֱӸԸ⻨Ǿˣ͵û˵
һӣ²ֻñʾͬ⣬ֻҪܰǵһ٣ǮԸ⡣
²֮ͬм˾ǴȥҶΣҶһǰʡĸɲһǹ뵳УѧϰһСʲô˼ڵطϵȵǵξʵݶˣ˾Ҳǵ˾˾ȨǱȲһʡСͼʲôأ
Ҷͷ룬ûжɫ²ҪһݼʾԿһǲһУҪס
²æͷ˵鷳ҶˣˮʹߴߣҺھǹҶܶæ
Ҷοһ۵æ⣬ǹؼûкʵλӣ͵ҵϢɣ
Ҷ²ǸоҶһܰ밲ʡĻҶƽĿˡ
Ȼ뵽Ҷһ֮ҶαǸҶƽȥһ绰ѳ²Ҫǵ齲ˡҶƽû뵽²뵳Уѧϰûʲô£Ȼȥҹϵ밲ˡ
θ磬²ôҵģҶƽҶΡ
Ҷ֮󣬾Ͱѳ²ͨмҵ齲˳мǺѣм˵²ĺѣԾǰæ
Ҷƽ֮üѿײװѲװװ²æɣ
Ҷ˵ûиҰ˭֪ûǮҲ룬Ǯ˰ɣ
Ҷƽ֪նǮ𣿡
ҶεնǮҲ˵ûʹΪҵĺʹյǮĻҲȥʡ
Ҷƽθ簡ǲЩװⲻһЩͺΪҸɣ²⣬ȻҲǵǧܰòã
ҶƽһҶ˵һûпǹʱǰĸɲԺͷ˻ˣԲŻ绰㣬ȻˣǾ˰ɡ
Ҷƽθ磬ǹιٳҪγһõķ˵ǲǣ
ҶƽҶνҶģϾҶڶҶƽǳأڱҪҶƽˡ
ҶҶƽͨ绰Ǵ绰мˣ첻ˣʡǱ߲ˣ鲻ð졣
мͻȻб䣬Ǵһ˳²Ԫ²Ϣأȴ˵ʡˣ鲻ð죬м˲е⣬Ҷεô£ʡΪʲôԸˡ
м˻£ҶξЩ˵ǲ˳²Ǯ
Ҷһʣм˶ʱеϷգҶο֪Ǯˣǲǳ²Ҷεģ⵹пܣ²϶첻£ʱǳһưͿҶҲпܵġ
ֻһȷҲûʲôǮм˾˵
Ҷص²Ҫˣ˼ҶǮ˸˼ҶǮ
ҶιҶ˵绰мһͻȻ仯ʼϲģ˳²ô죿ҪҪ˻²˵Ӧ˻вʣò׵ֵ˵˾أ
²һó˵²ԲһĹԱȻ˵Ļ³²ҲôֻܳưͿ
мһ룬ºûкͳ²˵鲻еĻҲûаǮ˸²²һӷֻûʲôϵмˡм˾͸ҪżǵģֻҪ͸
һмҪȣûа취ֻõ飬뵳Уѧϰһʱ䣬ֻҪѧϰ֮ǰɵͿԡ
ҶƽҶͨ绰Ժо²ھĴйϵˣȻ뼱ڰҲ˵뿪ʡطѰһְȫУ֮Բȫ˵ŲС⡣
ʡίһڵ飬˼²ϵеķزˣ⼸ز˿²ʮеĽ
Ҷƽѳ²ǻǮ˵¸˹άԺ󣬹ά²ԼǮȥҹϵˣܻܿ⼸ز˳Ǯҹϵھǲʺţһûдֽתˣֽ
һ飬һӾͲһʡί˷ھĳУһز˺üʿ֮࣬ЩǮȥʡί˻ɣԪܿڳ²ܹϵˡ
ʡίܿȡǮķزˣز˸û뵽ʡί˻ʱͻȻҵϲֳŵı顣
ʡί˾ֱΪʲôͻȻھȡôĿӣʲôģȥ
زһʼȻԸø²õģ˵ǮͶȥˣֽǮͶıȥˣ彻˭ˣٵĶ϶վסŵģز˵˰ͷϿʼðˡ
ʡίԱǼ׷ǿѹ֮£ڳϣǮǽ˳²ϣ²˵ҪҹϵĹ٣æûа취ֻøԪֽ
һõ˵ڹ참Ա̰߹άά˵֮ϲشͻˣֻҪͻ飬ͺðˡ
άſڹĲȥҶƽҶƽһ㱨Ҷƽһ˵²ܿԪȥҹϵˣزһ־򣬿ɼ²ĹϵͬСɣҿ˫²ʱѾˣٿίίоһɡ
ά֮˵²ڵУѧϰʱ˫ǲǲãҪҪٲȡʩ
ҶƽһùάҲеȻǾó²Ȼ뵳Уѧϰˡ
һ飬ʡί֯ʹ绰²ʡίֹ뵳УѧϰֹĹ֯Űץϰˡ
һھ黹ûüĿ²ͷȻǲ˵ģڽ绰֮󣬱Ǽæмϵ鵽ôˣûеãԪҪ˻ΪԪ˵ģҪˡ


1586 Сѧͬѧ
мһҪǮǲͷˣó²һһ̰٣ȻŪˣʹ˻ȥ²Ҳڳ²ȴҪ̲˵˵Ѿȥˣû˸ˣİɣһܰɡ
мһ²емˣ˼ǲ˸ˣĻûǿмǮ뵽ֻٵȴм˰æȥֻȻصʡˡ
صʡ֮󣬳²ȵʡί֯ȥ֮֯ϱӼȻһᣬ²㵽Աߵķţϱ͸ʡίһ绰
ʡί»Ǹ˹ʡί֮֯»Ǽ˳²²»ͷʱеãû˵ʲô
»˿ʵ뵳Уڼʲô
²ûиʲô뵳Уѧϰ
»ϣʵشҵ⣬ǲصǲġ
²ֵǣҵ뵳УʡίȥģһҲʡίһģһз֯ģ뵳УʲôҸ㲻ҵĿġ
²еִ»Ȼ͸ҵʡίȥһ˰ɣ˵
»һ˽²Ȼеˣѵ˵֯뵳УĿľ뵳УҲûʲôѵ˵ǵʡί֪ˣܰôܵô֪أ
ȥȥĵ˽ؿ²Ȼ˵
»Цһĵ˽ؿǲ˽ﶼ
²һսǸ»ˣʡί»ʹʡί˫²̲صƾʲô˫ңûΥͣȺ
Ӳ»Ƶ˵㻨٣Ǯ˭ģ˵
»һ²ʱм˻Ǯ¸¶ˣô¶ģȴһҲ֪Ǻ֣ôᱩ¶أ
²ͷף»Ȼ£㹻һˣ²ɴȫ½ʡίٴķزǮǧΥΥʵνǴĿˡ
ʡίȫʤ²İûзѶ¾ͻˣһȥʡ𶯣Ϊ²ʡְʱ䲻󲿷ΥΥʵǷٴгڼ䣬ٴ˺ܴӰ죬һЩ˸еѹ
һѹг£ԭί֪鲻֪鰡ԭίûиܵΪںö˶ڿ飬ϵȻѹܴ
СѧͬѧܵʡڶһֱһѧУڲˣʡְ֮һֱûҹȴǹ
˵ĵλܴģǺȴŷҪһҶƽɣԲʡίԺҪ
ҲֱҶƽϵʡίԺ˵ҪʡίǣԱȻͼϾҶƽ˵ôأ
Աȥ͸˵ԼҶƽСѧͬѧ¹ýȥҶƽ
ִ֣Ա룬Ͻϵ߸ϡ
ϽӵԺ󣬱һ룬ĦǲҪҶƽҶƽһɵˣһСѧͬѧȻ֪ʲô£ºҶƽ֪ˣ϶һ룬ȥҶƽ칫Ұ
ҶƽͻȻ֪Ҫæ˵֪ͨϽʱ
û뵽Ҷƽôˬػ棬֪ҶƽĹϵһǲһ㣬ˣæ֪ͨȥӡ
绰һ̷У˽ȥ֮󣬵ſڱǼæǰкͬ־ɣҶǵ飬
һҶƽǸеȫһַǳҫĸоҶƽ簡飬棬ҪܶصģֻҪ˵ҶƽͬѧͿԼˣǱ˱Ȳϵĵط
æ˵ͷ˵ǣϾЦŴȥʡίԺ¥ܿǰҶƽİ칫ҡ
ҶƽһЦվЦǺþûඣ
ҲЦöûˣҲǷˣ
Ҷƽ˿˵𣿻аɣ㷢ͷЩ˰
²ˣܲڶ˾ӶˣУˣҲˣڴеʱˣڻæúܰɣ
ҶƽЦ̫࣬ûа취ѾˣĽˣ
ЦûȰʡίǣֻһ֮ôĽң
Ҷƽȴ˵ʱ۴ʲôһģƽȵģûʲôְߵͣ˵ʲôĻǹȥ⽨ʱе飬ǧ˵֮䶼ƽȵģûʲô֮ʱľ񡣡
ص˵ͷҶƽķǳãȻڻ㣬Щ֥ĹԱԼ˲ƺһȣʵҶƽǰʲôƨǣȴô
ƽʵӳģȻҲˣ˿˵
Ҷƽһ˵ʲô龡ҷӳȻʡίǣǺöʵǲ֪ģʲôҪ˵Ҫʲô˼ɣֻ˵
˵Ǵ½ģ½ô꣬ԽһֱܹģڰũĽܱڵǸѧУʦʧѧÿ£ûѧУȣũѧֻѧԽԽ޷еѧˣũѧҪϴѧԽԽˡ
ҶƽıһӱҪ֪ҲǴũѧУģǸʱ򣬳ũѧ⣬ѧϰϻ治٣ΪǸʱҪǿʦ̣ʱʦҲǺܾģûʲô˼ȻڵʦڽѧϲôרһˡũѧУʦҲ޷ѧУʦˣʵĽѧԴȫеˣ˵ũѧУһҲΪ
ЩҲ֪һЩ˭뵽ĸʦԸũѧУũѧУȲϳеѧУԱˣѧУУҲ᲻ܲˣȲ˳ѧУŬҲûãôýأ
ҽܲſ϶ҲũѧУôֻųصѧУˣڱĵǿȥҲͲܲˡЩҲӳ


1587 ӳ
ĽܣҶƽʵũѧУʦͣʦĴ㿴ô
ڳũʦĴǳƽģȳʦҪߣΪũʦ粹ǵʦũѧҪԭҪԭʦԸȥȥڳﵱʦ˽¿׬ǮũѧǼȥϸಹεģһũļҳмͥѧһũҳĸʶûгмҳʶǿʵũѧһʼˣټũʧ⣬ųѧӵԽԽԽˣ
ĻҶƽеȻڳũĻڲȡˣǳγɵĺ蹵һӾȫı䣬ȥũĲһڣлڵ˿һЩũ廧ڵûУЩ϶ȡˣǳũڽҽơĻʩȷ涼ž޴Ĳ࣬ĺ蹵ѾΪĺ蹵ˣȴǱ˿͹۴ڵĺ蹵ˣĺ蹵ǾضԶ
ũһȻҪߵĵ·ⲻһܹʱɵ飬ũ򻯲ǰеũ嶼ɳУҲǲʵֵ飬򻯵ĹؼΪũṩһĽĻȸֹƷ˵Ǽ¥ũ¥ɳˡ
Ҫƽ⣬ũĽҪƽ⣬ҳеĽҲҪƽ⣬صѧУ̫࣬ʽԴصѧУѧԽԽ࣬һһЩϵĸ⣬Ӱ쵽ץƽһǳͻбҪ顣
Ҷƽ飬ӳǳãܼʱбҪʩоŽǿʡĿꡣԭĽǿʡĿҪʡǶѧʡǵĴѧٽʡǵķչ
һ룬òܽǽѧҲҪץãץ˻ʵֽƽѧǾӢȻ˵Ҳɴڽˣܵ˵һӢΪǧѧֻͨԼŬܻõġṩǻṫƽÿһ˲ΪͬݲͬܵĽͬڣصĽһӰ쵽˽ƽʵ֡
ڻ㹤ô꣬Խǳ˽⣬ҿ㶼ΪʡĽѯˡҶƽЦ˵仰
һҶƽ˵æ˵ƽ⻰ˣܵʲôʣֻӳһ⣬һһӳ
Ҷƽʵ㻹ʲôҪӳ
˵ƽʡﲻǸʲôũ¾ӽͷǿϰհѸոսõĶ¥ýСⲻǾ޴˷ϰһӲŸһ¥ȴҪǲȻ󲹳ǶʮǮõСⲻϹϣܹһܣߵ˻ǱһЩɲȡôأ
ôȡôˣҶƽһʵ
ɲͨǨ¸ûо޴棬ܻȥϰյķҲǴݣ޷Ҫϰղϲ
ַӳ飬ҶƽеȽأũϤģũȻҪ򻯣ǾԲֻǽ¥ô򵥣ǿũ¥ҸոոǺõ¥ֲˣʵһ˷ѣȷʵܺӡ
ũ¾ӽڵʱģǲûôȥִУеĵطڸҪȥƶǿũ¥ǾԲӦõġ
⿴Ҫ￴һҪע⣬Ǿڵǰزȵ£ҪֹӳũӣЩũزˣΪ˵ʲô鶼鷢չȥ»ܴΣ
СҪйʹ֤ũļϿزҲСȨһֱŽȫһЩǷķزΪ˻ȡ¡
һ룬ҶƽеҪһˣԽũļϿزֹǿũ¥
Ҷƽһ飬Ǹ󸻴һ绰һ¡̸ǳãҪ︻һȻһԳԷѯʣ˲߸ϣǵŮʲô⣬νˮ¥̨ȵ£ǵŮ϶ϺѧУǻʲôȥƽ⣿
Ҫƽ⣬ԻĽߣθеĽ߹ǵĹ쵼ǲȥⷽ顣
󸻲֪ҶƽǸʲôģһ·ʡίԺڽλѾˣȻ˵ʡͷ̫ɽ¶ˮȴҲǲСڵļҳϣܳɲţгϢڽϿѪΪĹߣȻܵܶ˵ء
ȻڽϲûʲôΪҶƽһЩͼҲǲ˽⣬ԴҶƽ֮ҲûеҶƽ㱨ҶƽͻȻټǲ֪ʲô顣
ʡίԺ֮󸻾Ҷƽİ칫ңһҶƽİ칫ҿİ˳ȥҶƽһȴֵͬ־
︻һҶƽ˽Ҷƽк£Աߡ
ͬ־Ҹһ£λǶصĳʦʦѧУ˾ӶˣˣҷӳһЩ⣬ԾͰйҶƽָ˵
︻һǶصģ뵽ҶƽϼҾǶصģӦҶƽϼҵˣȴҶƽӳͷʱһ
λǽҰйٺһҶƽ󸻡
û뵽ҶƽѽйڻʦǾˣȻȴǰҶƽҪ˵һ飬ɵеΪˡ
ƽҪһ𣿡Ϊѵص
һֱӳƺҶƽΪƽǴһҶƽĹϵһ㰡
ٽһ飬ʵǵؽ͸ղһרŸ쵼ˣԸõذˡҶƽֱӶ˵
ҶƽҪǲʲôˣǰѸղŽĻ󸻽һ飬һǿʼģǽ°ûãҶƽ϶᲻ˣҶƽڰйӳ⣬ҲĿĵġ
ͬ־ûУûĻٽһ顣Ҷƽ֮󣬱Ƕ˵
ˣˡ󸻸еͷðˣæͳֽһ¡


1588 һ
ҶƽѻĽ״󸻽һ飬ͷðĽ״Ҳǲ˽⣬ֻ̫ûȥ⡣
ӣҶƽıһЩ˵ͬ־ǽץģЩ⣬ʲô취ûУ
һһ˵ЩҪͳﰲţƽһ缲һӾܽģҪһĹ̡
ҶƽʵҪ೤ʱ䣿
ڽһ˵Ҫʮɣ
Ҷƽֱʵ˼ǽǰɣ
û뵽Ҷƽɫѿֻ˵ⲻĸܽ飬Ҫܶ˵ĹͬŬ
ҶƽʵŮѧУҵûУ
󸻿Ҷƽһۣ˵ҵˡ
﹤Ҷƽʵ
ԥһ˵ȥˡ
ҶƽȥˣϵĳиУѧ
󸻸оȫţֲܲش˵һϵѧбҵȥĹ⡣
һвɣҶƽʵ
ǰʡõĳвв󸻴
Ҷƽش˵㺢Ϊʲôʡõѧ
벻Ҷƽ׷װֻ˵ʱҲеĹϵʱһûе
ʵҶƽ˵ԭҪйϵϺѧУΪ쵼ɲֹϵ㲻쵼ɲ᲻صѧѧΪȥѧﲻɺܴĽƽܶѧҳĲԼѵûиܣڵ˽Ϊʲô뷨⣿һũĽȽϱΪʲôûȥ뷨ѵǵʡעˣȥ뷨ƽƽ⣬ԽԽܵȺڵĹעģΪ˭ҲúϣǸıÿһ˵ֶΣҪʷθȥ£ǲܺѧϰǵ˽ѧУҪѧѲϵ𣬻һҪʵֹƽϲܷչصѧУҪⷽ
Ҷƽһ֮æͷǣǰûλʡ쵼Ҷƽһඥֻͷˡ
ΪҪ߸ϣൽȥһȺڵĺȺڶӴҪر⣬ǻнİ취ģѾ˺ö꣬׼صѧҪƽ⣬Ϊʲô󶼲֮ⲻǽŵûйǵĸܣصѧĴΪǽŵԱģûּиУȥԺȫŹԱŮѧ⣬صѧѧˣȫתƵͨѧУҿԺ󻹻᲻뷨ƽ⡣ҶƽֱΪ󸻳һ⡣
󸻸оΪˣҶƽǲЩ̫ˣȷΪŹԱѧǲκѴģĵλԱߺţԼŵ˻ܲߺĸѧУҲߺţ
ô첻飿ҶƽȻһʡ
æ˵ܰõܰõֻǿȶأܴܲӴֹ֮ӽصѧУΪ
ҶƽЦһ²Ϊ֪ʲôΪѾͶ㣬û׳ʿľģ껹ӣҸǶģֻڽôҾǶģܰ⣬ķڽƽϣཨʦ࣬ѧѧУָ׶Σڷ׶Σص㣬ѧҲص㣬йƽвͬεĽײף
֮ͷҶƽԽŶ壬ֻдӦˡ
󸻸˵һ٣ҶƽȥͰ£ǵöסߺŽصѧУ鲻ɣǻһЩ˵ǿҲ顣
ﰤһʹ죬һЩţҶƽһλ͸ҳӣʦѧƵģһҲҷǹٴһѹˣ˵ǲҶƽ󸻺Ĳֹһ
ҶƽһٱˣȵһߣǶ˵ƽҶס
ҶƽһЦûа취Ǻɫɣǲ£͵úݺݵǣһֱϰշǳĵ⣬һֱûнãغδȽ¥Ҫˣΰǵĺ˲һ⣬һֱģҲӦ֪кöⲻûа취ؼû¾ȥжԣҾҪƶһ£Ƕ
ͷеҶƽ̫ӽˣҶƽֶ˵ʡƸΪѯʣרŶٽý㿴вУ
æֵҿˣƽҲֻһũʦˮƽأ
ҶƽΪԱжˮƽǵˮƽһǿ˽Ϥṩѯѯûʲôеģ㲻ùܣ㰲š
ҶƽǸе벻ˣ벻Ҫˣȴܸʡѯʣζ顣
ٵһᣬҶƽ˹ǷֹܽĸʡҪٽһ顣
ӵĵ绰֪ͨϴʡǱ߸˹֮ҶƽȻ˵˵дڵ⣬Լȥ顣
֮ҲһҶƽǾĺܴ󣬾ȻȥЩ飬Ҳʲô⡣Ҷƽֲʲô⣬ؼûоģû־ѲŵһЩȨȻʵֽƽ;⡣
֧ҶƽʾȥԺƶ顣ȻҶƽķԸŵѯʡ
ԺҶƽǺһȥԷڳԷʱһⷽ顣
Ҷƽ극Ժ󣬾סʡӭϢȴŵȥǸоһ㣬벻ʡҶƽһˣȻŪͷΣͷΣ»ȥԺίǶҪϱˡ
ֻҶƽûиѯʲô𣬲ҲνˣҪʲôأûʲôƼɲǣڵ˽ѯʣҲûʲô𣬷Ļټ
ʡӭڴ⣬ȥ˯ˣȵһ˾Ǵ绰ϢûУϢˣгӹ
֪绰˭æشѾϢˣʲô¿ֱӰš绰˾¥µţϾ͹ȥ


1589 Ĵ
ǰŵˣ׼ȥʡʵҶƽָʾ˳֮󣬿һµϽγͣſڣ˾֣˹һ˵ʡŵĳǼæ˽ȥ
ϸʡŵĳеԼҲǺҵģ֮ǰµʱ򣬱˵Ǹʡ糤ҲǷǳţƣ糤СרҲúܶĽ֣˵쵼רˣھȻ˸ʡרһʱпġ
˾ӵʡ֮¥ͬһڡһλŮʡһеЩŤȴǺغкҶƽͬѧСģеţǿЦ÷һ¡
ͣŷһ񾭣һ·˵Żʡʡ֪֮֮æӭӣǷֹܸʡһҶƽǰĺˣɲҵ
֮󣬱Ǵ˽ĻңԺ󣬾ǰˣҶƽţνѯʣҪרŸŪһ칫ңļҪ￴һҪһչҪũһ飬尲ҪٿרŰš
֮ͷ֮ȴǵһ֪ʸʲô𣿡
ûм𣬾ôһͷΣִˣҶǷǳӽҪҪ飬ʲôһ㱨ǰص㹤ߺŵӽصѧ⣬ˣһʲôѺϰͳһ
һ󸻸еǲˣȻ£ѶȴǷǳĴҪ֪˼ҳԽȥĶ³ǵöѰ
ҪԼǰӳԱʼǰӳԱʲôͨصѧ˳ȻͨɲְֻܷͨɲְģͨɲְʱŪǳԲ˶ߣҪãҪʲôӣܴﵽĿġְһ䡣
ҪߵģŸ˿ƵģҪܵҪߵùȥѰ
ʡҪҰѰӳԱȫйһɣôʶһʡһ룬
һ֪󸻵˼޷ƽʡղ쵼ӳԱһǺðɣԱйɣҸǿСᡣ
̰쵼ӳԱȫ˹˻棬֮󿴵㶼ǰкǶ¡
ȸǽһҶʱֻһʦûʲôĹףΪʲôʡʲôѯʣҲ̫˾þ˰ɣ
쵼ӳԱһӵĺɣǽܵģֻţҲʲôʣҪʲô£˵ʵĻˣֵʲôʡ
İҽ֮ɲְӽصѧ飬һ꣬쵼ӳԱһ˶飬һ˼ı顣
ȵһ˵꣬˽ߴߴһ˵ʡǽ鰡
ɫһ˵治ԼҶ԰ŵģҪǾòԸֱȥҶǣҶ̸̸
һ쵼ӳԱʱƿˣǵٴҲȥҶƽ˵£Ҫ֪ҶƽҪǵְǾһ仰£˭ȥǸùͷ
ǲٽˣ͸ǣҪһòãʡίһ׷˵ΣȻʡί׷εͬʱǿ϶׷йԱΡ
һ쵼ӳԱʵˣʵʹǾǷҲûãһ꣬˵ʡĻҶˣҶǵҪҪִУΪ£쵼ӳԱҪͷ𣬰Լͨӽصѧѧϰģһȥ쵼ӳԱԼ飬ְãʡղ˵ˣԵʲôԵǾҪִУҲҪִУۿۣŪ٣ȷõɡ
󸻽ŻҲǿһ£õȵ֮쵼ӳԱֲָӣĻͲðˡ
󸻵Ļ쵼ӳԱҲûʲô˵ˣ˵Ҳǰ˵Ϳôִˡ
Աѵ֣Щ˸Ҳûʲôرģ쵼ǰҲǹԹԾͷӣҲ۾˵Ϲ쵼̸ֻǵλ߶ѡ
Ȼʹ룬ﻹЩŲϾǸ߲㰡ﵣʲôѯʣܸɵ
ҾǽˣҪźãʲôҿɾʣ׼ȥȥ֮ǰȴ˵
æӦ˵һչ˺ʣʲôȫΡ
֮⣬Ȼ˵˼仰󸻰ˣʲô£ֱӴ绰ϵʾл˵Ȼһ˼ңؼ֮˵
ؼҿԣҶǵ˼ɵģһɳͻؼңȻٻҶָʾʵȻǹʣҲ൱ҵԱʲô¿ֱϵҡ
һ⻰Ǹоãһǽİ̽ˣͷʲô¿סˡ쵼ӳԱһҲǸ˹ˣʡͷ⵽Ҫһ
׵֮ȥ󸻰͵ſڣȻ棬칫θŰ칫ңס޵ĵطҪؼң칫רŸһλ൱쵼ˣר
󸻶飬ЩеΪˣʵ̫ˣܵĴ
ҸоҸɲѯʣһؼҾͲˡȻ
󸻿һۣæ˵ôУȥˣҶǻΪҲ㵽ǽѯʣûҶǽԻؼңһҪȻҶǻҵģ
һ˵ȻеΪ飬Ҳûа취ֻôӦ󸻣ȥ֮һٻʲô󸻶ൣ
󸻲ЦҶƽĹϵܣֻҪܰźˣҶƽ϶⣬ĻͲõڽϴź̫ܶѹˡ


1590 ȥ
ʱȻȥר˻㱨ѾȥˣѾźˡ
֮û˵ʲôչ˺ˡҶƽȥѯʣӳũ¾ӽ飬Ҳֽ˴
ũ¾ӽҪȡԸԭ򣬾ԲܲȡǿƵֶȥֺũ档
뵽һձԣҶƽһ룬ýȥһ˽һȻ뷨飬ũ嵽׸ν裬Բܼ򵥻ũũܰѳзչһũϣũҲǴ¥ؿôαסеĸأȻ˵ũ¾ӽ貢ڸϣסլϽн裬Ļʱ¾Կסˣ˾ͻũ¾ӽĿںռػ;ĵ㷿ز
ҶƽϽ飬ǽϵһνҶƽָʾȥܾȣͬʱҲܼܴҶƽȥ˽һܴ൱ڹȥղˡ
Ҷǣȥ֮ҪҪطͬ־ϵأԼֱӵط˽Ȼ㱨ʵ
ҶƽҿͲҪطϵͬ־ˣһ͵ȥӦܿʵȥĵػʲôֱϵ֤ȫ
ҶƽĻܸжҶƽΣͬʱҲǳİȫ⡣ʵͷҲֱȥ˽Ҫطͬ־ϵΪһϵطͬ־ͻᾯȾͰźˣ˽⵽ʲô⣿Ҫ˽⣬ͲҪкֱӵ˽ˡ
ȻȥĻͻʧȥֵղ磬ȺڵĸȣһĿȻġ
ϴӦʡί칫һһͨСγȻʡǵգȴǿʡί칫ĳõ棬˿ϳ
ϿʼǰС֮ϢһϣȻڶǵ˶ء
˶֮󣬽˻磬ϼңӳ⡣һ·Ҳȥ˽飬Ͼʲô˶ʶֲطͬ־ȥȫ˽
ڿûȫ˽⣬ֻȥȺڽ˽⣬ҪҪϵڻûãΪһϵ˿ܻ֪ӶһӰ졣
ȥϾԼȥ˽ȥ鷳ˡ˻פأϿｨĻｻͨȥȽϷ
ΪһפظĴӸʲôũ¾ӽ裬û뵽ǣ¾ӽǸӲפظһȽƫƧСӡ
ӿԶŵӣˮ·޵ĻڳҲ·ũö඼С¥Ȼ˵ũ˵ǲôԣũ׬ǮȰѷӸһҪʮԪ¥֮ũеǮҲǻĲˣȻ뿪ȥ򹤣¸ǵķʵû˾סʹסҲǴ˺Ͷͯ
֮ǰ˽ͷƴĸǷӣũȺھԼҵլͷǷӣΪһӣũļͥ϶ҪŪһ׷Ӳףũһ׷Ҳףֻũ˷ӿ˳д򹤻Ҫⷿӣ⵹һС˷ѡ
ũûа취Ƿ˵ϱǷڴͷû棬òǡũǶС¥ĺܶ࣬Ȼ֮󣬽ȴǷӸǵ¥࣬˵Ⱥڲԣܸ¥ıȽ١
ųͷǴӳòнӣܺ˽Ȼųӣ˼Ҳ֪ǸʲôģȺô˵ʵأ
˳֮󣬽Ŵȥһһ߿طмʱǿһƬرƽˣӵԿԿһЩ˵ӡ
Ļ˵ﻹڸũ¾ӽ裬ʼǨˡ
ͣסŲһԱһ͵Ϣһ룬Ӷͳһ̣ߵǰЦ˵үϢģ
̧ͷ˿ûȻΪһİˣ˸е֣֪Ҫʲô
Ȱ̵˹ȥһ̱ǽ˹ϴչȥүⷿôˣ
һŤͷһǿոƽĵأ˵ǷأղģԭǴӲúõģˡ
ʵʲôģ
˵ʲôӣ֪أҲǲǶ𡣡
ϵΪʲô𰡣
˵˵Ҫ¥߲ʲô¥𣡡
ʵ˭ǲģ
˵ϱߣӡ
ϲɵʵ˭
ǣ˭Сжӣҽϰˣǡ˳һڽϵݹȥǸ˵
үΪʲôҪǵķٸǷأʵ
ŪǮ£ܸʲôûôĸɶ˲м˵
˵ﻰԸⲻԸɷ·ʵ
˵סĺúõģҪũˣסϰʲô¥˶ӣڴͷס¥ģ
үҿǴҲиǶ¥Цʵ
˵ǶΪ˺ÿûסˣһסţڻиĲģΪ˺ÿòš
˵ĻţںţԶһӣ·⣬˴һк˾Ͷ˵СǼҵ¥ǲҲҪ𣿡
һͣס˽Ų˵ӣȥոǺõķӣʮأֻҶʮʲôС֪ôģȫǰﹷӵ׬ǮҪ¥ǸҲ¥Ҹƴ
磬Ǽ¥սΪʲôҪ𰡣һ˻ϻӣǿʵ
˽һۣ˵ҪŪһƬأҼƬ֮ڣסĺúõģҪʲôС˵ͳһһģⲻǷƨܺͳͷһһ𣬳ͷůúｨСȫǴĸɲǮˣ㿪׬Ǯ
ϸеԴĸɲʵĸɲô׬Ǯˣ
ҲǴ˻ϻӣ˵ȥ꣬аˮ׬ϰүԽҰͷûһСģֳܣС׬һʣûɲ㿴˶Ǯˣ
ӿеָľǶӣûֱ˵ǽҲǲ²ˣ˵Ȼ֪ˣ˵ʲôһǾͷˣڻŻӴ˵𣿡


1591 ϱ
˺ӵĻϾ˶ԴǺǿȺڹϵܽŰҲѹ֣ΪһոεĴǣͨаˮ˲ƣžԽҰһһԼһӿʲôⰡ
˾Ȼ˴ǣϰܲھȻʲôũ¾ӽ裬жھͿ֪ˡ
һ룬˵λǴʲô
˵ҪǸҲҼҵķӣҾͺƴҰҴ
ƴĹ˼Ǻᡣһ䡣
ôˣڴģٺڣҲӴ˵
һ˵𸽽߹ע⣬󣬾ȷʵģȻ֪ǲǺᣬǴȺڹϵܽӦģʲôũ¾ӽ裬϶ϰշеġ
ôǺˣ
˵ͺǺû´СƦڴתƣŻأ
ԭﲢʲôС죬ԭһֱڴͷС鳤ǰڵ˴ǣϴ֮ͿʼСõСԸﲻȺڣȥаˮ˲ƣ͸ˣ쵼ǰ̬һũ¾ӽãȻôд׬һʡ
磬˻һǷ쵼θڣһܴ׬ȡٵĺôϰյķӣҲûһͳһı׼Լƶı׼ԲŻϰô͵Ĳȫϰյˡ
˺˰죬˽⵽һЩˣũ¾ӽ豾һߣǵȴһЩ֮ͽˣһΪյִߣĹͷúðѹأδĸɲϰշԡ
ں˺ŵʱͻȻԶˣΪ׵һˣһͷֱϻԶһæ˵ˣӵĶˣ
һͷһĶӴżˣ֮ɫʱ˱仯ǳס˵ʲôûλֵ˵ʲôٻҪҵ飬Ҹƴˡ
˺ʼûʽǸʲôǲ²ϵݿܲһ㣬ΪϵĴźͿ뱾زͬǣͷҲǺɡ
ĶӺܿ˹һһ˵Ǹʲôģ
ϿһۣһǸʲôģ
ƺǣĶתͷ˵ղ˵ʲôģŲԲ˶ߣҵķϸҲˣȻ϶Ǽҵĵ磬Ǽҵˮ
һҪǼҵĵ磬Ǽҵˮŭˣ˵ǶҼҵĵ磬Ҽҵˮԣҵȥ
Ķһҷһָ˵ǲ밤᣿밤ᣬһ
һǸң
һĶһӣһ˱һ˫ȭѵ֣ȻȥҲ׳Ǿסô˴һ͸ڵء
һæվȰ˵ҪˣҪˡ
ĶӸָ˵ٽУһ򣡡
˸ŵõһ䣬˵ˡû뵽Ķ͸Ҷִˣֱûˣȵס֣
Ķýϸһ֣ͣͣǿϣĶͻȻһ˵ҿһˣҴ򣡡
Ķôһ£תͷϡϲһȻҶƽ飬˳ƶ׳Ǵкģ϶Ҳǰӵģ˭ҴǴʱһҲûУĶҲ֪˭ʲôˣʹ
⧲ϵ۾͸ˣȻĶһϣϸڵء
һĶӴ˽ϣǼæǰȰ裬һľǵĴ򣬶ҽϸղǽýһˣæǰסĶӵ˵ҪˣҪˣݡ
ڴﱲݺܸߣĶӸҴӣһҴǰ˴ˣǻǲô
ʲôݣĶ̿ʵ
ǳıֶҵģǲܴһɡ
Ķͣס֮󣬶һ۽ϣҲûٶʣȻʱоǳˬڴˣǾҪˡӺͽ˶أƤˣ˱Ļǿǲ
Ҹǣ¾˽ˣǸȥ£ƲǣĶָŽϺ˵
Ƕ߰ɣҪ֪ˣҲ˵ģ˰ŴԲ
ڵϣĶﳤȥԴμӹûкͱ˴ܣҲûб˴ȻԭΪȥɷãܻܵһЩв֮飬Ҳû˼Ҹû뵽ΪҶƽȻ˸ˡ
۾ĶӸˣӵʰϵ۾˿;Ƭˣױˡ
ڵϣˣһҲû˵վ̾˵޷ˣĶӱﻹôˣ
ϴӵϵĳϰ˼ţϱ۾һӣҲûʲôˡվ󣬴һ绰˾ǿӴͷˡ
гӽϣ˺˶֣˾֮󣬾üæӳʵ飬ôˣô£
û˵ʲôֻǶ˵λϳҽԺȥ
Ҫȥˣæ˵û£ҲȥҽԺȥҽԺһɡ
ϵˣôȥҽԺһģҽҩ֧ʲôùˣ˸ֹġ
˿ϣȷµҽԺǮĺܣ⳥ҽҩѣֻԼǮˡ
һҪǮˣԥһ£˵ôǮأû¡
ϵ㲻Ҫʲôģҵģ²ˣң
Ž֮ӣ˵ȥ˰ɡʲôˣҽԺһ顣
ôһ˵ͬͽһȥҽԺһһ¡ϳȻһųȥҽԺһ飬һôڿŶԲߡ
վ·ڿŽϺ˳ȥɵظ̾


1592 ȥץ
ϰ͵ҽԺˣͬʱҲҽ˿ˣ֮ȥһ۾ŪЩ֮ҽԺĲϣȻֵһ绰
ֵͻȻӵ磬˵ڶأͷһæô£ûж˵ʲô˵һ£Ҫͱ˽
ֵʮֺɣµ绰֮ûӽϵĻǰĵظ֡
һ֪ϢͷҲһΪҶƽ飬ʱôͻȻڶأ淢ʲôˣ
ȻҲǺɣĻ㱨ȥһ˶أķԸʲôʱһ㱨ҾͲȥˡ
һ̴ֵӦűȥ˶ء˶Ժֵ˶ҽԺڲ˽ϡ
𴦳ôֵһϱǹĵǰʵ
Ͽֵ鿴ϵˣǲǷʲôˣ·أѵ˵Ҷƽϼˣ
ֵʱ뵽Ҷƽǲǻϼҵ飬ҶƽʱĻϼңȴǲ֪ЩȥˣǵϢҲ̫ˡ
飬㿴ҵ֪ô˵ĲָԼֵ
æʵ𴦳ôһ£һҽԺЩҸŵҽԺɣ
һϵ飬㲻ˣҵ˲أǵȴǺأ
һǲķˣȻզ˵ﴴأǲóˣ
𴦳ܾˣֵ˵
ϵ飬ܾܲ⣬ǱģĴɲ̫޷ˣһûҶǻ㱨Ҷ֪ˣ϶Ҳģ
һ⻰϶ʱñΣʵ𴦳ô°Ǽˣ
Ͽ˿Űڴͷ齲˳ֵһϷŭص̫ˣǻ㱨顣
֮˵ұҪؼǴȺҲˣǼֱ޷ˣȻĴɲȴͷţѵͷһҲ֪Һܻɣ
ֵڲûйϵˣҪ֣֪£ȻѴ˵ָץʡίǵڶرˣȥʲôͷͷ϶޹⣬ʡί֪ºʮŭﶼ鷳ġ
𴦳ϰǻ㱨⡣óֻҪִ绰
æ˵飬Ҫˣ֪ͿˣȻ鴫ȥá
ֵ˵ͷ˽ϵ˼ϴ绰߱ˣʵ뱣ܵ˼ֱܼǶԽϱͬʱҲͷͷȻŪ÷зǿ治á
̸ֵȥһ绰ֻ㱨һ飬ΪԾæʽ˵ôزأһ˵Ĳأŷ
ֱѵ绰ϣҪԽһοһ½ϡϽӹ绰󣬱ֽ˽˽⵽Ժ󣬱߽ϣͷˣⷽİš
ѽϽӵȥõҽԺȥһڽҽԺȥز󷽱㣬Ŀ̫һȥͷ֪ˣá
룬ûа취ֻôӦȥҽԺˣ֣ﻹһλ˵ȺڣҪκˣʱҪ
Ҫ̴ӦˣֻҪͷˡýȥһȥͬʱҲ˽һ½˽صĿģһûҶƽּ⡣
ϳȥٺãʲôʱκˣʲôʱȥҪżβõ²ܣ˸á
Ȼһͨũ񣬵ǴʱҲʶݲ򵥣ĶӴû£Ǵ˼ҽϣ³Բ˶ˡ
񰲶ٺ֮󣬽Ϻֵһȥ֮󣬽ϱסҽԺģǲסҽԺԵµҪԣҪȥסһ²С
˵ϵҽԺҽԺһ䵥Ĳ˽ϡ
һϣǰʺůϱʾ޴󰭣˺ֲ֮ϸϵô¡
ŰҶƽ˽ԸԼȥҪ֪ͨطʲôϵ֡
ٿ֪Ҷƽڹؼʱģϵֿ϶ֹ£Ϊʲô֪ͨطأ
˵Ҳ˵ףҶƽŵģûоطҶƽһ磬˽⡣Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ飬ϾȻʲôΣˡ
һ˵̴绰й֣ȥץ˵֣ȫ֮Է
ϵұνҪǼ˴˴ȺڣȺҽԺˣ渶ջҪɴ˵˸𡣡
ϣͲҪˣţһҪۡ˵
ϵǣҾôĸɲܿɶ񣬵Ƿ飬ҲѴ̣Ĵɲôأũ¾ӽ£϶Ҳ֪ΪʲôݴɲҿֻǰѴɲץˣȴûнϵ⣬һұˣһο»˱򡣡
˽ϵĻһ˵ίɳȥ飬鵽˭˭еΣԲϢκˣ
ֱԼ̬ȣϾִ˷̬ҲǲֻҪͷɳȥ磬ſԵࡣ
ֿԺ󣬱ǻصί칫ңŴ飬һ룬Ҷƽȥһ绰һжźˣҶƽȥһ绰ҶƽҲᵣˡ
뵽ֱӸҶƽȥһ绰ҶƽͻȻӵĵ绰ʵôˣ
һڣϾ͸ǵ鵽ˣԼȴǱˣҽԺûʲô󰭣Ҳֽˣڴ顣
һȻ汻˴ˣҶƽȻŭ˵ֱץûУ
ϵڰŹֵȥץ֣źܿͻץ


1593 ȫץ
Ҷƽ֪Ŀ֮ͽȻ˽ϣͷȻǻ𣬶Ҳе澡ʧΪϼңϼҵȻܲе
ϣúˣҸֻһҶƽ룬ȵضԽ˵
Ҷƽܹϸеͷůͺ͵ģȻһСˣǴʱȴо˶ˬģ
Ҷƽͨ绰Ժ󣬽ž͸ִһ绰һӵҶƽĵ绰̱ϹϾӣҶƽָʾ
Ҷƽڴͷһ£һҪ׵Ҳ׷ε⣬ҪѷµԭҪɲΪʲôڴͷУû֧֣ǲһֶҪͼ졢֯ίزǰȥе飬鵽˭ʹ˭ϢҪעʲôչʱ㱨ذĶȥ֤Ժ󲻻ٳ
Ҷƽָʾ̬ʮҶƽ˾ٴŲȫΪϱԼ鱻򣬶ΪҶƽڣҪѻáֽ绰ƾҶƽ˽⣬֪Ҷƽ˼
Ҷƽ԰ˣֲܲ߶ίǡίǡֳ֯ίȫеԼİ칫Ǽͨһ¡⼸һʱе˼飬ǲΪͷ˴˵¸е˼飬ΪϾȻ᲻صҵ˴ȥǸе˼ĵط
ǲţָǣҶƽǷǳӣרŴ绰飬ҪǰѴ˵ָץסڶǰѴǸһǵıڴΪũ¾ӽڵ⣬һûʵΣûĮȺڵ档
ֶ⼸飬ȻǴӦץ˵ץˣȥĴȥίǴȥ⼸飬չʱҪҶƽ档
ίͻȻأļ쵼ʮ־ȣǲ֪ʲô£ͷȻô쵼Ǽæӭӡ
ίԺ󣬱ټ飬ڻָصȺڹźܴ⣬ɲΪίûв飬³ִ˴ش¼Ӱ쵽еƻʡί쵼Ŀеʮֶӡ
ίĿǶǽίسһͷˮΪίǲûн˭ˣ֪Ҷƽ鱻˵ĻǾί仰˼ˡ
ίͷѻ糤Լɲֹũ¾ӽĸɲȫеһһǽ̸顣
ίķԸ֮ȥ֪ͨЩԱ⣬ʲôҪģͷȫϡ
ίڰʱ򣬹ԱѾŴ񾯱ץ֣ƴ
ʱԼļСܷ⣬֮ǰֻǵС鳤˵һֱûδǣԼͷǹýͰ͵ģҲϹ죬Ҳʶ˲ϵС죬ѡϴΣȻϴŲٵûжӴһС쵽λѡϡ
ЩεˣһӴһСѡҲѡˣ˳ϴΡ
ϴ֮ȻͿǲ˳ۣνǿƴְϣ͵˴ǡ
һڴͷͿһˣĵв٣ͱŻаˣȻһʣ˭ʲôһʣ˴ǣǮ·ͶˡȻЩСС֣ûʲô˼׬ϴǮȥˮ̡
ͷҪڽһˮȡ˹Ǵ壬Ǯרʽ𣬷Ǵ壬̾ɣǸɲϵģΪһ̣׬ϰԪ
һ׬ϰԪǰǲģǮ֮󣬱ڴǰһһʮԽҰ쿪ڴͷ硣
̵ͷýͷҪʲôũ¾ӽ裬嶼Ը㣬ΪǨϰջģһò£Ȼȴվ˳ҪǴ㣬Ϊ֪Դк׬һʣŲܰϰյ
ͷǰũ¾ӹ̷ǴˣǿʼŰ취ϰյķݡȻϰСˣϰҪǲͬǨҲУһֱôţȻİ칫ѾǨˣϰյķһҲûͬǨġ
ͷЩżԵøżθϵСǨŻϰһ£ȻԥΪСһǣС죬ǾϰճΪˣǼһֱڴ޳ܣҲÿǵ׵
һʱûͬ⣬ǽ죬ӴСͻȻ˹棬ڴں˵˵ںԱ˵ŴǨ£֪ʲôԭ
ʲôʱ򶼲ȱٸܵСˣһӣӾջˣҪȥȰշˣ˾ͺðˡ
һ£ͬӵٶӱǴżСȥͰѽϺ˴ˡ
˴꣬Ķӻȥ㱨ӰˣͷһЩһͷԣʰһ£Ҳһͷ֮ޣֻǲ֪᲻ȥʹˣҲأʱһ¾ˣȻɳͨһ¹ϵͿˡ
ӴǸˣͷЩɣΪº֪ŽγˣҳƺŻʡǵĳƺţеһЩ
˵ʵڵģǲ´ϰжͣһЩǴ£Ļûа취ڵطٴҲ󲻹Щˣʲô߰ʦ⹤ĹҹְԱЩ˶һʱұ֤ܰƽ
뵽ȳȥһڣһôչǸų뿪˻᲻ʲô¶ֻҪûʲô¶Ͳ£Ҳ˵ס
ҲĻǰС뿪˴ˣȥˣʱٻصһ˵
ԱŴʱӸո뿪ӣԱֱȥļ׼Ӷץϣ֮ûҵӣֻҵ


1594 ȫ鴦
ԱŴȺҲǿˣ֪ʲô飬վԶΧۣǿȥʱǲɵ۷׷ǲﷸʲôˣ
ڼͻȻļһӴϱؿŹԱ
һԱǰʵ
ľȻص˵ͷԱʣأ
Ҷӳȥˣ
ѣԱ̷Ը
ԱļѲ飬˰ҲûѵӵȷڼҡԱǰ죬ֱӰˡ
Ⱥһþˣһ˷ܵǶŭԣһùץˣͷܲ
ʱͷ㲻ΪʲôץȻ뵽ǲӴйϵǼʹҲöôľץ˰ͬʱӴˣûдˣΪʲôץ
ԱｲֱӰѺ˳Ȼسȥˣ׼Ѷ
ֻץûץĶӣԱ̶üֶζĶӽвңСʱԱسǵһϴԡץĶӣԼִ˵С졣
ĶͻȻĹԱ̱ŵò֪룬Ȼƽʱܺᣬһȫװ侯սʿǶǱˣʱȫʧӰ١
һ֮ڣ˵СȫԱץЩС쵱ȻҪĲ鴦Ҫ鴦Ǵ˵£һҪһ飬ǻûΥʵ
һߣﱻ֮󣬼ίԱнӴرԼΥΥʵ
糤쵼ɲس֮󣬸֪ʲô£Ҫ˵ڴͷУ糤Ѵ̣ΪҪ쵼ѡǵĻܹãܵϴǣǲͬ⣬ٴıҲϰҪ﷢˲ƣ֪Ķӻᣬڴڷ裬ǲŲʡڸũ¾ӽ׼ȫȥȡһЩǷֶƽȡԼñﻹﲻһȥǣǻһ
糤ʱ֪ʡ쵼Ѿ﷢£󶯸λΪί쵼ʲôҪš
һأǶ˾üί˸һ˽ˡί쵼εϴ֮ʱǵһʱˣ߼ί쵼ﵱѡģͷҲϿɵġĹòһϸĴǡ
ί쵼һһŭϸڴˣ㻹ǲ쵼ɲûеͷһȺڵĺûվȺڵȥ⣿ڴΪǲ֪𣿡
Ǻ糤ˣڴҲŵģֻҪܰĹɣǻûкΪأ˼߼Ŀ굼£ֻҪɹĴǾǺǣƷжôôȺڵ֧֡
Ǻ糤˶ֳĬί쵼ָǵһ쵼ڻһߣϰյĹ۸ͨϻõģĻʲߣܻȽϴ裬ǲǣ˾ĹҹԱִ⣬һҪдĮģ֮δǺΪλѴ̣
ί쵼ŭǣһԣ˰죬ǲ˵ǲѡ
ί쵼˵ѡʲôĲѡǲ뵽Ⱥȥ˽ʵʵȻǲѡȥúõһȺڵʵɵΪȺʵµѡ뵽ôѡҪֻ֪ȥЩģԽˣԽǻỵ£ˣڴͷôΪʲô֧ǣ
ί쵼һǲ˵ˣΪһҪ쵼ˣηǳ޴ȻЩȴûܺܺõذգĴɲ̨ȻɴһЩⶼȡֱķʽɵģϰյӰǳ
һ飬Ǻ糤ȫְֹܵһ糤ΪȡĻ¸ί˫棬ڽˮ̵УﻹҹԱлߣЩȫץ
ڵδڼ䣬ռ弯ƲŹˣЩȫ˳˵֪ЩͷΪ졣
ϵ֪ȻЩ˶ܵ˴ĵ鹤ûɣ˺֮ȻֻһΣصط֪󣬶ǹͬе顣
󣬽ҲͲ˽ȥˣ붫صĵط쵼¡Ҫһũ¾ӽ赽ҪҪ㣬ô㣬һǴ弶Ҫô
ڵһ⣬˶쵼һ仰ǾǸũ¾ӽĿʲôΪΪϰգΪûбҪũڵĻʩﲻı׼ũҲһũȺ¥Ǻòã㲻еĴׯɳеСҲֻǽԵ㣬ʹԵɹȫƹ𣿿ǲܣ̫ߣСʩ̫࣬ǰûа취ⷽġ
ΪϰסƯ¥ôҪũȺڽ򷿣ũΪ񣬶ֻũ彨¥ͽгˡҲҪ㷺ȺڵҪվȺڵϣһ£ũȺڻ᲻Ըס¥ЩôǨϲ
ȥЩ飬ֻ뵱ȻΪΪϰպãϰտ϶ǲģϸܻλ˼п϶ҪģߵлҪʵǣҪ㵱дڵĸ⡣ź뷨Ҫǵһ㣬ĸɲ᲻ʵߣֻǵĽǶȥʵߣҪ裬Ҫʱע⣬ֹߵĿıȡ˺ô飬һ㣬ôþҲһЩ˽Ӹˡ
ϰЩ֮ͷýϽķǳԡʹһȺڽӴĵһߣִߵʱ򣬺ܻܿҪôѹִеҪôǾΪǸ˵˽ģִȺڵķУⷽʹ帺źܴΣⷽȱĴʩԷֹͽ
Ϻ̸⣬̸弶飬弶ǻãȻӰ쵽ȶ˵⻹ǱȽϵĴ


1595 
弶һ⣬Ϻί̸࣬ɲ˼ҵĹԱ뷨ֲͬձûʲôõĻʣһЩ˼ˮƽϸߵ⣬һЩεĴɲȱһľ򣬸һЩطһЩСƦΪɲ󽵵˴ɲˮƽⶼһεĽ
˵弶ؼһֵѡǳҪͬʱίָ˼ҲҪҪĹҵĴУͬʱʱ̹עĶ򣬲ƫܹʱдڵ⡣
һҪѡõĸɲΪĸɲͬʱҲҪɲȨٴɲƿصԴôɲĿǷڴȺڵģ̨ҪƿһеģɲƿصԴԽ󣬸ܵĿԾͻԽΪɲڹҹԱȱټලԼҸȱɣǵˮƽͻɵġ
Ϻί̸Щ⣬ʡίϣܼǿֻлˣĲ˳úΪĴɲڴںаԵȺڵĲͬʱһҲҪֿǵȶ;÷չĹϵɴɲܵƵɲϾ£ڻϴҪΡ
ί˽ϵЩ뷨ʾͬ⣬Ϊ֪ϵЩ뷨ܿҶƽ뷨Ҫӣǰίץˣɲ벽ĺ󳾣Ҫڳ飬浣ʡίίʡ
һЩ쵼̸ͬʱҲȥһЩɲ˽⣬ҪɵȻ˴򣬵ҪɣȥҲûҶƽ
ڶش죬֮ǻʡˣʱִһкȻͻʡǡ
ʡ֮󣬽ȥҶƽҶƽ֪ר棬˵ôϸû£ͺˡҶƽԺͰѴеҶƽ˻㱨
ҶƽţڻιίǵʡίǵȻףȻ뿪ôˣǶڻһֱڹעڵЩ⣬Ҳ֪һڽֹһȫĵ㱨ͷȷˡ
ϣεĺܺã뵽ȥˣһЩ£Щ鿴żȻأʲãһԵ飬ǿ⣬Ҫʣԭ֮ԸҵΪҲһԭһԴɲĹɣһΪһЩڴɲһһЩðȫƸɲɲҲũ񣬲ǹҸɲɲǳǰʿȻⷴӰ쵽˴ɲôɲԼɻȱ裬ͣɲıҲȱٷʡ»һЩ˵˵ڴ弶ǷȱкܴϵһҪǿһʹһĽ裬Լؼ裬ҵ뷨ʱеίǺίȫѵһ飬ͬʱͷҪʱԴ弶ɲȫѵһ顣ҪѴɲΪȺڰµķԱʲô٣һֱܣƴɲԴȨֹЩɲְ֮ȥ̸ҵ͹ҹԱһ
Ҷƽ˵һ֮ǰĲһǰɲҪ¸ͷˣϣ⵱ϰ˻δɲʵʵ֤¸ͷ𲻵ʲôãЩϰδǣȡʱʱΪǵ˽¾Ƿֲˣ𲻵ʲô¸ͷãЩϰǮԽԽˡ
ԣһЩΪȺڷĴɲҪģⷽҪºܴĹС
ҶƽĻͷҶƽһЩ뷨ıϣĸȥһˣȷʵûаȥҶƽṩһܺõĲοˡ
Ҷƽ̸껰֮󣬰ϱ˹һ£ίίǺʹɲмѵ飬Ҫʡί֯С
ϱ֮Ҷƽ飬ͱʾȥһѵƻһôѵüƻ֮ùһȻύʡίίо
ҶƽͷȥⷽļƻڿʼʡͷҪǿٺȷ㲻ʲô⡣
˲ãҶƽʡίίᣬо˻⣬ĳίרȡ˽ϵĵ鱨档ίǵ֪ΪҶƽȥ˶ص˽м仹˴¼ίͷʵͦģû뵽Ҷƽǲ·ƣȻֱԼȥҵͬ־ȥУϸʺҶƽĿζ
ҶƽڳίϽ˻⣬ڴҺҶƽԻ˽̶ȿ϶ǲҶƽԴ÷ǳϸҲĽζҶƽĺ̡
ҶƽЩ֮󣬱ίίԼɲѵ飬һĽ飬ҶǷǳ֧֣ϣҵһµġ
ԺھҲǶҶƽķڷˣ²İӻڵ֮У²ĳ£˺û棬ҲӡͿ޹⣬ǸǴֲ²쵰ɳ顣
ҶƽתĿⶢ㣬ǿתҶƽߣͬʱһҪ飬ҲϵͬҶƽѵƻǺ¡
ѵϱˣһǶίǽѵȻҲίǽйѵǴʱʡҲһѵһίǸãί⣬һطӰǷǳ޴ġ
ίͨԺʡίֿ֯չѵҶƽ˰ѽȥĵ鱨רӡȥΪѵϣͬʱҲѶطҽн˵ô֪¡
Ȼϱܻͽ˶һӰ죬Ӱ죬¼ʾίǸΪҪǿܹĹôһǳ顣
ҶƽļӴȫʡȫʡĹˮƽҲҪ󣬽ִĹϵʡΪһʡҪȫǰ棬һҪץþ÷չһץϵ裬γһȫʡõİҵ档
һ룬ҶƽҪһ쵼ר飬Ǿǳһʡ쵼С飬С鳤ԵΣЭгֵһЩ⣬ʵ쵼Сص㲻ϣصϵϣǹĸ


1596 ץ
²İӵ£ά㱨Ҷƽȡ˹άĻ㱨
²永ǧԪľˣҶƽüͷ壬²гΪгλߣɼΪףǶôҫȻ²ȴ븯̶ܵΥΥͣѣôЦɳܰ
²֮ԻҶƽһ£޷ѳȨˣҪˣΪԼ̰õ㣬û˸ץֽҵ֡ȻڶгļලǱȽϱһЧļලͲᷢ顣
Ҷǣ²Ϊ˼Լ̷ʡίٱάڻ㱨Ҷƽֽ⡣
Ҳ⣿ҶƽĿһʵ
άǱΪ飬ٴŪ²һʼԸٱǵ󣬿永ô࣬Ϊ˼Լ𣬲žʡίٱǣҪΪܣ
Ҷƽ̾һ˵û뵽ӣ¶һӣȻ˸ܴó²ǣȻ²ǣһЩͻᱻڸˣû뵽
άҶǣʲôʱҪ˫棿
Ҷƽһµռһйزϣ׼˾Ͷ˫棬ŵʡǳ룬֤ŪʵһЩҪʲô⡣
ҶƽһԸάȥˣʡ鴦ҪȲ鴦²ӰˣһҪŪñȽײУ൱һ̡
άԺҶƽһ⣬Ǳ˫棬ٴĸɲӰǱȽϴģԺھǿûʲôƢˣҪץסᣬھίλӸµѡ
µίһְ˼ˣгƽλȻ˵ƽ֮ûʲô̫ԨԴȥǱȽϺʵġ
гһְҶƽΣһֱȻзһЩ飬Щ鶼ûжĹϵڰεгλӣҲǺʵġ
ֻھҪŵأֻˣڰʡ϶ǲðŵģΪھĵλ̫ߣλӣھ϶ɣҪǾʧȥˡȥ˴Эھ仹Щᡣ
Ҷƽȥһ˾ǣ鲿쵼ӳһһҪԭ鲿ӳھҪھߵĻ鲿쵼϶Ȱ䣬ΪھеίǣûʲôΪʲôܼأ
ҶƽǵԲû뷨ȥھһֱȵڣھ£²ֳ£Щĳ֣ھ˸еѹҲ鲿쵼ʶھٴڰʡͲˣǽھߵĺá
Ҷƽȥ鲿쵼һ鲿쵼ҪǵҪˣһʡеίǣʡίǽһ£Լֳ£Լֶ־Ӫֳץĸɲȷʵڵطϸˡ
Ҷƽ鲿쵼㱨Ժ󣬾͵ھĵ룬ͬʱ˫ʡίίͨʡί˫ֻҪȨޣίίľǿˣȻҶƽ㱨һͨҶƽȴǰõʡίίϣרͨ飬óίо˫⡣
άί㱨ʱԺھ˵ıǳѿ벻Ҳˣٴег˫˫£Ҫʡó²ίǣİǵҪĻǴ
Ժھ˵ı飬ҶƽоﵽĿģҪͨʽףڲ鴦ϣǼģ˭ܾҪ˭
Ҷƽͨ鴦£һνԺھڸոεʡСҶƽֶκ˽⡣
ʱʵѾ쵽鲻ˣԴӳ²ȥ֮ģΪʲôΪ֪²Щ飬²ٱǾˡ
Ҳнҵĳ²ٱΪ˵ĹϵܺãԼҲ֧ίǣĹϵôٱԼٱԼչ˳²ļˣȻ²ӶӶڹˣиĸ
ʡλϻһֱȽϳȵģҲţʡʡίҲײ鴦鴦ˣԺ˵Ҳǲÿŵʱ
ȻЩ뷨ȫǻ룬ֻǰҶǻлģκ˶⡣ʡίίٿͬʱʡίԱֱʡԺŴ侯ҲˣʡίϣΪʡְλҲϸߣһ´ץסһѶʡԺͻȻ˼Ҵӳ˺ü侯սʿʡԺ˸е֣֪ʲôҪ顣
ǹʮӣʡԺĹԱǿ˼߳ˣһſڣ˸ƽ˳ڣųӾ뿪ˡ
һĻҲŲ²⵽ǲʲôˣȵץ֮󣬲ŷ׷׽д˽һµʲô
ץŪñȽϴʡԺˣС곣ίԺ˵飬;ʡίǲСˣʲô侯бҪŪʡð
СͷҹάʦάҶƽʲôϵ֪ģҹάʦǲֻ֪¾ˡ
άôƣʵҪһʶԣȻöͻƣʵʵ⣬Ҫʲô۶ӡ
ץһʼǱտڲԣԸ⽻ǹάԳ棬˼빤άԳ棬ټץǸôĶãʡίľĺܴǶ㲻ˣҳ²֪һЩ飬Ҳûˡ
άԳڿ˵ʡίԱڵٴίڼ䣬˻¸⣬永Ľȳ²Ϊȳ²̰ʡίĹ֮ǸеһίǼֱ嶾ȫ
⽻֮ڸе̹ȻˣǰһĻֱͬϿһΣҪôǮʲôأûʲô尡˸³ǲֵãһεĻԲȥ̰٣Ҫһϰռסĺù١
˼ûкҩʱҲᵹȵϵʱʲôѾˡ


1597 ί
ץʡĸɲΪ֮һٴеĸɲҪùˣЩڱ֧ͳ²˶ûˣҶƽڵķȣǺܴ󰡣ٴеĸɲԺʡͷռҪĵλˡ
Ҷƽ鴦֮ھĵҲˣоھʳֵξֳʳǸλھĵƽ
ھʳһذըھ֮ǰҪΪʡѡˣȴǱʳֳʳֳʳǹҷίĶ֣ڹҷίֻǱȷίҪһڸλ
һĸˣ;ǰˣھ;ϵشۣھڸĴźܶ࣬ƽʳҲԶ˰ʡС
ھһߣʡƶʱתھΪʡеίڰʡελǾأϾʡеĽǳҪʡͷĴ󲿷ԴǸʡУھΪίǣյԴܶ࣬ȻԵķҲԽء
ھߣٴĸɲʧȥһԱ󽫣ֻԺʡίǵλˡھһ֮󣬷ƽίǣʡίίС
ƽί֮ȻǶҶƽȽӵھߵĻгλҲ˾ӶߵˣȻھһߣ˳ίһְ˵ǸһܴĻҶƽ֧ȱȽϴ
ƽķԸôʡǵĽ;÷չͻᰴҶƽ졣ʡҪ߿Ƽ֮ǿʡڷƽҪ˼졣
ƽίԺгһְǼţµгûжʵҶƽжˣǾȥггǸʡɲڲֻɲܵгǿɾˡ
гѡʡͷۺܶ࣬ܶ˲²ܻøʡΣΪҶƽĹϵҪãҸո˸ʡȻתгǳִʱҲڲҶƽ뷨
ڷƽίһ֮гڳ䶨ʽгͷǳȥȥˡ
֮ίһְճҶƽǰʡίȥгίǡ
еİӵ֮Ҷƽټƽ˿ᣬǣҪ߿Ƽ֮ͽ֮еĽͿƼȫǰС
ҶƽʱչͿƼʵְʡľתͣʡʹٶĸ¥ãҲûá
нķбȽϻȣ۾ǧԪǵһǧԪһҶƽ֪֮󣬷ǳߣھƷ۲ɷ۷ǣϧۣ·۹
ҶƽҪطչ߿Ƽͽ˲ǰͲ÷죬Ļ˲ӣòôУ
ѷƽ˽й֮Ҷƽҹصоһ·۵⣬еķ죬ϰնԴ˷ǳʲô
Ҷƽ⣬ƽ˵ڿƷϣΣǰһ׶Ҫȥ棬û뵽һЩ̸ˣϰյĸ軹ǱȽ϶࣬һȥ棬гϵķԴʼ٣һЩ̺һЩĳҿʼСϧۣгϾȻҪҹϵ˲򵽷ӣ̫ˣһЩҲǴٽУ̧ǵķۣⷽӦԲҪҪΡ
ƽΪԭгʱҶƽ飬ܲʾҶƽ֪ԭʱƽüңҪھ飬ھ˵飬ھʱûȥ⡣
˷ƽĻҶƽڲҪ̸˭⣬ڱҪƣֻпƺ÷ۣ÷زȲչٽʡõķչͬʱǻܹȥչ߿ƼҵͽҪȡʩΪͿ̵ΥΪάز򡣡
ҶƽĻ֮˵ҶǣƷ۹ؼҪƺعӦҪӪгһҪ㷿زҪͬʱҲҪУϳй滮زгҲȫгڣҲҪȥƷ۵ĹЩνĳҿĻᣬȻͻ᲻ﳴˣֻڷѾˣ½ȴǲס
Ҷƽ˵ͷҪƶַĽףóұ䲻֣ڿ̣ҪĿ̼۸񣬲ۣⷽҪȫȷ۲ǣάʡеķزгȶǻȥԺоһ·زƵĹ涨һҪѷزĭǵǰһǳҪĹ
Ҷƽ˰ţƽ˵ȻҪӣѾϵȫʡõȶϰյϰܲһӶΪ̺д򹤣ôϰվͲѣѣ裬裬ôܽɳ
ҶƽҪ߿Ƽ֮ҪչߵĻӰ쵽˲ŵôǲɵġ
Ҷƽ߶Ӹ߿Ƽҵ԰Ľ裬ھ֮󲻾ãεигλӣΰʡ߿ƼҵίΣø߿Ƽҵͷչ
ʮȻӭԼ;ĵڶӴɲɲ꣬ûҶƽĴ֧֣Ǹܵ顣
Ҷƽ֪֮ùȻǳͶȫʱץø߿Ƽҵķչ
Ҷƽȥһθ߿Ƽҵ԰ÿ̳Ӵ㱨˸߿Ƽҵ԰ĹҶƽ߿Ƽҵ԰֮󣬿˿ʩ衣߿Ƽҵ԰ĻʩıȽϲҶƽ⣬֮󣬱õܴˣҪĿ׼Щǰеĸ߿Ƽҵ뷨ˣٽչ
õҶǣǿҵᵽطҸоѶȱȽϴ󡣡
ҶƽѶȲطȥˣΪѶȣǲлᣬİɣһܰǸ
ҶƽģϾι񲿳ǿҵϵҪЩҵֻҪһ棬ǽһϵ˵ǾͻͶʡ
鲻һ˸ɣʡίǣùҪʡСҪŬͬá
ʱСھߣƽλʡĸɲεҶƽУȻҶƽְȨͷȴǸеЩˣҶƽǰоһڸҲûС


1598 
СҶƽһᣬȻڻֻʡͷźܴıģʲôҲǺģ־ҪԺΪ쵼
׳־ȻǺõģ뵱ʿǺʿӳʡһԾΪʡ˵һԾǳشҪ֪ӳʡΪʡ˲డܴӳʡֱӵʡһܲ顣
ʡ֮ȻһЩΪһĽõĻҶƽȽǿƵʡίǣҪ밴Լ˼£ѶȱȽϴΪҶƽڶԼֽš
ԺھǼǿϵγһҶƽ˼ɣһЩ飬û뵽²˳£ھߣˣҶƽƿǿѹ
ʡķزҵûзչ֣򻯽ҲҪزͶʣҶƽڳηزҵҿƷۣᵼ·زͶ½Ӱ쵽ȫʡGDP
СǱȽϳGDPĻȻҶƽGDPȻҪҲҪʲôGDPGDPֻǷزҵĸٷչŪ÷۷ϰס𷿣Ҳ˵Ӱ쵽GDPԹǿжأùǿǿƼƶȣĽGDP𣿲ǣΪĵGDPɲԣҵGDPȱ٣Ƽҵûи߿ƼGDPùǿһЩС֮Ա˲۸ȫǵĿƼҵǿˣҲҪⷽ淢չֻȥǷӣʽڷزҵϣҵͶ벻㣬Ӱ쵽GDPĹɡ
ҶƽС磬СûзҶƽţΪ֪ʹҲûãˣҶƽԺҲǲˣûнʲô˽ȴԺ̸˴¡
Ժڹ֮ǰСӴ֮佨һϵǱϾǺܣԺͷˣСʱȻܸСĹϵ׽ĻʵͻΪھĵߣԼĳʮ־ȵ״
СԺӴҲϣǿʵԺȻٵƲãʡﻹٴĸɲö඼λأֻʡ쵼ˣʡֱԼȻŲٴĸɲ
СӴˣԺͿ԰Щٴĸɲ£ָӣ
˵ĽӼҶƽ֪֮ˣҶƽҲԼϢԶ˵ĽӴܲ¶ۼҲһЩ쵼쵼򽻵ʱʮСĵĵطΪӴ˵ᣬǲ
֪໥ӴҶƽûᣬԸӴͽӴˣֹܲʡʡίǵĽӴǽӴˣֻҪܹ˼ùˡ
Ҷƽ뷨Ʒ۵ʱ˾ṩһϢר˾ǱصģƽʱҲ˵֮ӳһ⣬ע⡣
˾ʱ˵ˮһ̣ˮıԶشһز⴦زԶˮģõصĳɱܵͣһʼҶطСȴǺ⣬ȫʽͶ˽ȥ
ӽԺ󣬷ȴǲǿȴǲżҼ۸񶨵Ҳͣúܶ˸е֡
ҶΪһǷˣõĵؿ鲻ãôߵļۣļ۸˭ȥĿ̶ڿЦ˭֪˲һ꣬طͻȻĵѧУˣһһ͵Ĺ԰һʱ̿ķز۱ԭļ۸Ѹٴ̺ݺݵ׬һʡ
ȵʱĿ̲Żعζ̵Բ޵ķʸŵģǣȿ֪Ĺ滮֪طҪѧУ͹԰֪ؿֵ
ôһ룬ұǼһ쵼໥ˣȻô֪أΪʲôȥǸطزأ
˾鵱һȤºҶƽˡҶƽһĿһݣ鲻ֻȤô򵥣Ĳȡ˽쵼ʲôϵ
Ҷƽһ뵽飬Ͱѹά˹˵ˣһ飬浽ûиܷ⡣˭׬Ǯ˭׬ǮȻ˵Ļ¸ĻίҪһ£ڵǰŰ취ҪƷ۵ʱҪžЩΧſתԱ
Ҷƽ͹άһάһ£˵ʲôְ⣬Υ͵⣬뷨һ²һ顣
άȥԺ»ȴһ飬һԱϵУһ¾ܴ
»չάķԸȥչ֮󣬾ͰˡˮίǷΰϵʮС
ΰȥŽӵίǣԭ̿Ƭزʱʱ䣬ƲǾڵڼõƬأ￪زû̵ĺôڲö֪
ά֪󣬱ҷƽ£ڷΰίǵλϣֱȥ̣̿϶ҪȸΰŲŲλӣֻҪѷΰλŲ̲пϵ顣
ƽ֪Ҷƽŵ飬ȻҪ̽ϣ˲һίǣθ鳤ȥˡ
ΰеһʮ־ȣûк̸ίֱľίǻһ꣬Ӧߣԣǲǳʲôˣ
ΰͷĻɣͷҲ뵽᲻ʲô£ϼ쵽һЩˣô죿
ΰͷе뵽͸ĴǮƣڻԼļﲻҴУôأ
ΰеˣŰǮƽתƣ˸̣Žڴ֮ǰûκεķĿҲûбίߵǲΪ飬ͷнĸû£һ˵ɣԾƶ˵
ΰһϰֻ࣬עŶǱԵú򶨣Ҽٶ⽻ֻǴͷúùͼȥ
ʡίҲڹעһʲôȻΰһֱûʲôʡίǸеܵŷΰʲôҪȷΰŪʲô


1599 ϣСѧķ
̵ԾȻҪȷΰΪһʱΰԵĿĲԶڣ⵽ίĵ顣
ʡίר֪»̹Ͼ̸ס참صѯʡ̱˰참Ժ󣬼ίԱһѯʣðһ亹ߵĻǿǲˡ
Ȼڻ׬ǮһСˣõĵ̿ȫ»һ֪ʮֵߣģЩ˵ڻģ׬ŻĵǮŶȴȫŪ⼮ָֻŴӻϰյͷǮ˼ͶģҪʽȺ˵ϰǮ׬ϰǮȻȫתƵ⣬Լһȫ˵ΣҪôϹҪôʵʵڹڣ⡣
»֣öǮ˶ôɵģ֪ǳʲôĿģȻûйãͲҪڻģȥɣǱ⣬ĵǮ׬Ȼڻ׬ǮŮźü˼ļܻ룬Ϊϰ룿
»ΪˣԲܰϱһģȻطҪȰطҪΪǹԲȥƺǣ㻹룬ֻ˵ûطɼҡ
̽й֮»ѶһȻ뷿ΰ֮ʲôϵĲ󾭲ס»ǿѹջ¶һЩίϣΪ˿ˮķزΰ͹ֳлߡ
ִ˹ֳҲѹ֣ȻŷΰķǹһҲҪҲֳ˻ߡ
ˣһϣʡί̶Էΰʵ˫棬ˡΰû뵽֯ϻģôͰ˫ˣȥԺûôΰͰܻߵ˳
ӱ˳ذˣϱάάְҶƽҶƽһȻè壬£飬ڿˡ
Ҳǿһ⣬Ǿǹ滮һеҪԣһطĹ滮ԴǳļУôطķ۱Ȼڵѧķǳǵѧһⲻһǳε
ǽǵĻڵļҳǹĺӵĽ⣬㲻ãӰ쵽˿ڵʣüҳǲģϰյõѧУֻǮ˲ϣͻᵼ½ײ̻ͨϰյĺһʼˣĽģһҪƽ⣬֮֮Ǯ˵ĺһֱͨϰպӵǰ档
Ҫ⣬ҪþѧУҪСǴȫصѧУǧˣˣһ༶һˣصѧУظҲ˺ܴ᲻ƽ⡣
ҶƽоⲻȾõҪԵͣϱҪúõץһץ
׼ýȥⷽĹʱͻȻһϢ˵ٴǱߵһϣСѧôĸɲȥҵ˽լˣļ۸ҪȵǮļ۸ࡣ
ϢҶƽˣȻÿ칫ϢԼԸһţ˽һһ۾ǿˡ
һйؽҶƽԺ󣬱ȽϹעð칫˽һʲôΪʲôϣСѧķΪʲô˽أǲʲô⣿
ҶƽһŰ칫ȥ˽ʡί칫̸ٴί칫Ҵ绰ǰ˽ʡί칫㱨
ٴί칫ҽӵʡί칫绰ָί绰ί˽ίӵ绰ָͷ绰ͷ֪飬˽ȵ֮󣬺㱨
ӵϣСѧǻʮ򽨳ɵģ˵ƿɵģȻȵԺѧУû˼ͣˣҪԭûԴЩɼ˽ϣСѧǶôĲʣɺȡʲôЧֻǽɺΪԼԴľ޴˷ѡ
ѧУúҲû˹ûʣͷͷҲǲŲʣ꣬ǰδ֧˵ͷǷ·Щ·˵ģͷҪʮ򣬵ǴͷûǮģǰ֧ϣСѧû˵ҪϣСѧΪϣСѧĲȨɲǴģͷֻʹȨǰδ֧Ǳ԰ѧ壬ϣСѧʹȨǰδ֧һңȻѧ
ǻʮ֮λǰδ֧ûаʲôѧǵԼ˽լѧУһļˡ
ȫǰûᣬҲûϰյͷİɲҲûֹһ˳һö˶ϣСѧУͳ˸˵˽ˡ
ҿм߿ϣСѧǹ飬ȴһɲŪ˽լ̫񻰣ЩɲһûУֻҪһҲӦֹ֪ԵʩôܱɸµĲƲһҲǣӵ£ͷ֪ܲȴûȥܣҲûκо򣬸ûκεĵߣôУ
ίͷͷͰϱˣͷûᵽ˭ε飬ֻǰľϱˡϱ֮ϱУϱʡʡί칫Ҷƽ
Ҷƽ˿֮󣬱ʾ飬һϣСѧ˭׼ģΪʲôط裬ֹͣѧԭʲôƽʱϣСѧ˭ģǰδ֧ĿǷʵ۸ʱô̶ģ˭ģͷͷ鷢ûе֪飬δġģһν⣿ûоһ
Ҷƽһ˺ܶ⣬Ϊĵ鱨̫򵥣ȫǾ£û룬ûҵˣźŪĵ鱨ͨ
ʾ֮ҶƽԸίִһ绰Ҫעһ飬ײеĹԼû漰ܵǿԲܾ£ԭ
ҶƽרŸִ˵绰ˣ֮ǰֻҪû̫£һӵҶƽĵ绰̰ȥͷ飬ǰרҪ󣬱ҪʵǣҪ⣬Ҫ׷˵Σһ
Ա֪Ҷƽ֮һٺŪҪȻ֮ǰʰһǱģԱҪ񣬾Ҫȥ顣


1600 һ鵽
˾尲ţмίǴȥ飬һĹʱ֮߳࣬ǰȥһ£ѻ˽һ£ȫƸĸɲûн˽ҪͬĶࡣ
мίǴȥͷǿ϶Ǹ߶ˣµʲô飬ͷŵҪæýӴ׼
ҶƽһʾҶƽʾпԿҶƽ쵼һЩϣʮ꾡İţ˸̾
Ҷƽ֮ҪĸɲǷǳעŻҴ⣬ԲֻǾ£α겻αֻҪ⣬һҪ׵飬漰˭Ҫദ
Ȼ鿴ȥⲻ󣬲һӵ𣬶һϣСѧõʱģ뷨Ļʲô鶼νˣỹô
ϣСѧһƾ٣һֹ棬ҲǹҶԽϣȺڶԺӵϣͺñȸʿһϣСѧҲۣȻǶϣСѧĻԡһϣСѧȻôɲԼˣɲĵҲʵ̫ˣһίҲͬ裬ܲʣϣСѧʲֶĮ̬µġ
ϸߵĻûԣûξûľ񱣳һ£ҪĸɲҪһѵ
ｨϣСѧûڴ˴ϣСѧĿԣʱộˣɶʽ˷ѣΪʲôȲú˽һȻپｨϣСѧ
мίһһذҶƽҪ顣ϣСѧί˽ģ֮Ի˽ΪίǵʱŸ㼸ϣСѧһЩɼķֹ쵼ϵ죬һˣｨϣСѧ
ڶߵĽ滮ԼԴʱûпǣѧУ𲽼УΪԴڼ٣ʱĽѾڼũѧУϣСѧʱעҪûԴȻʱľǸûȥֻϣѧУãһգǵĳɼˣʱίѴ̡
ȴԴͷ𣬵һͰίǽʻίѾĳίˣȻй̸ͷеܽţҲίΪʱǺ°ѧУء
ȻҲҪòУ°첻ãɵΣ£һӾָˣ²Ŀŵ²һֱ׳ǺûаãͻЧһģǻʲôأֲεΪһҪܵǴ
ҶƽʾĻ˽ΪѾȥöˣ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ飬ίͷ͸еԼܵù˺µͷҪܵ顣
Ȼû룬ĺ£׸ȺڴʲôôѧУͣ죬Դ˷ѣôɲŪԼ˽լҪϣСѧĵطǵòˡ
ԣߵʱһҪԲäĿؾߣûŪ;ߣĻ϶һĺ˵ίõĽѵ
ίǵ̶߲ҪһΣһȴûйã˸еǳߣͷϣСѧУᶼˣʲֲǴģϣСѧ׵ģȻڴĵϣǴģҲܾ˰
Ǻ糤ѹһʱܴΪ֮ǰȷʵûйע飬Ҫ˵ӦǷֹܽĸ糤Ͱɲɲ˴ϯȾͳΪĶ
˴ϯһ˵£֪УˣͷûиҲûи˵һһ䣬ϹˣɲǸʲôģ㵽εģʲô鶼ʲô壿㻹һƼɲһʣʲô쵼ɲ
Ա˴ϯʹһ٣˴ϯɫʱͨ죬Ǻ飬Ҫ˵֪˽⣬ر⣬˴ϯλҲֻҺ˷ʳκεľúЧ棬һ
˴ϯһ֮ڳ֪飬Ҳͷӳˣûȥ°Ȼǰɲһ˴ϯûȨܰôֹأͷġ
Ա˭ӳˣ˴ϯһʱĬ͸ߵԱ糤㱨ˣ糤û˵ʲôҲûٹܡ
糤һйʣ糤ҵֻ˵֪£ǵʱûôӣΪѧУҲôҲûʲôͷ˵ǰУתøǰδ֧Ϊ˰ѧʱû⣬ںʲôҲûע
糤Ժһ㰡ô֪֪˵Լ֪Ҳû֤㱨飬ǴӳΪһǣԼ﷢飬һֻ֪޷֤֪ѣǵûޣʱûȥ
ֹܽĸ糤һؼһйȻ˵ͷǷǰδ֧ǮﻹϣСѧҲί׸ˣͷдҲֻһӣʲôϣСѧΪϣСѧѾͣˣʲôϣСѧˡ
Ϊֹܽĸ糤ʶȻͿ˳̶ȣԱ⣬ǽķչȴΪʲô˵ˡ
ԭ˴ɲĻ¸ΪǷֹܽĸ糤ⷽĹͷӣӣ϶вͨģԴͷ͸ǧǮȥ£ŰɣһԱֹܽĸ糤ʵ˫档
ԴĵҲȡ˽չǰδ֧ǿڿ˵ͷǷʮ·ȴûصƱݣ󾭹ƣͷǷǮֻԪԪǲ渶ģһδֻ֪ʱԶõˡδ֧Ϊʲôͬǰδأδ֧˵ҪǴûǮ֮󣬿۳ʮ򣬻ʣʮ򣬿Ϊľѿ֧
δ֧Ҳǻ쵰Ϊ˸Ū㾭ѻǰӵͼˣȻӵǮдˣֱǻ쵰
һȦ֮óɲҪһԭ򣬾ʾˡϣСѧһ飬ŪӣȫΪɲΪΪĽǵûһȷĸûϵԣӣЩɲϱʡίȻҶƽ㱨һ¡


1601 
ٴί漰Աȫ˴糤ְίܵؾ洦ֹ֣ܸ糤ƽ˾δ֧鱻ְǰδ֧鱻漰ְռ
ԭίܵؾ洦֣йصԱȫ˴˵ķΧǳ֮󣬰ʡί㱨ԺҲҶƽ˻㱨
ֵĻ㱨ҶƽֵĴȽ⣬Ժٳô죬ֻҪЩĸɲΪΪҪĴԺ˭ҲΪΪȻΪȥûʲôΣʱΪΪΣΪΪǰǲΪһΪͷŻΪϸҪ󣬻ֹ弶ΪҲͲˡ
ҶƽӼǿ˾֮һ˹ҵҵרҵĵӲ̣ܰ˹ҵôʡĸ߿Ƽҵ԰չ
ҵܰͿһˣҶƽڵ񲿳ʱӡ˺о̵ͷԣұȽڰսԣ֪гҪԣȴٳûн뻪гҲ˵Ϳµԡ
Ҷƽ񲿳ʱͺ̸һΣѻгķչһ£ϣĽͶʡ
ʱͿЦԣҶڻһĻ͵ͶʽҶƽʱЦˣ֪ⲻһдʣ֪Իгڹǡ
Ǿ⼸꣬ĵгչܿ죬ҵ׷Ľ˹˾ͻȻеˣٽ뻪гҶƽͿ˽ϵ
ҶƽͿ˵ͶʽͿ˽ӵ֮˻ġ˻ֱ֮УҶƽ档
ҶƽʡӭݺСһСʡһͰͿ˼棬̸õĻͿǩصЭ飬ôش飬С˵ĻҲǲãȻСĹϵȽƽ˵СԺڱȽϽӽЩˣΪάӵŽᣬܶ˵ʲô
СȻҲԸͿ˼棬Ͷʣ˵һ£չʡΣҪҶƽһͿͶʡ
ҶƽһͿ֮󣬱ЦӭȥһͿ˼档СһĻ֪ҶƽͶϵҪǿˣΪҶƽι񲿳ι񲿳еԴҪˡ
ҶƽѰͿӭ֮󣬱Ц˵Ϳ갡
ͿЦ˵ɣ
Ҷƽʲôʱĵķչǲϵģöܻɥʧƾǹ˾ʵϵġ
ͿЦҶԣǰҵĲСˣˣ꣬һ⾰ˡ
ҶƽһЦͿһֱǰö鲻ʣʱҲǺģܵǰʡһᷢչġ
ҶƽͿ˼溮һ£ȻͿʽ̸˰ʡĸ߿Ƽҵ԰Ľҵ԰ռǧĶԶأø𡣶Ҷƽ߿Ƽҵ԰ǷǳעҪܴŸ߿Ƽҵ԰ĿںţһЩи߿ƼˮƽҵҲǴŸ߿Ƽҵ԰Ŀںţʵ㷿زִеĺܺá
ͰͿ˽֮ҶƽСŰͿȥ˸߿Ƽҵ԰ֳһֳίǷƽгԼöֳ
ֳ֮ҶƽŰͿĴһʾڹҵ԰Ѿǿ˾˹ĻǾǵļˡ
Ϳ֮󣬸еһƬͶʵ˹˾Ҫռ컪гʱʱ֮ǰѾöڿֳûʲôˡ
Ϳ밲ʡǩһͶ飬ͶһԪȫĴءһǩСеǳˣôһͶʿԭͶʵ࣬Ҷƽ˵Ǹһֱʡ
Ҷƽ˼˽ͿƼͶϡһЩطֻҪͶʱǽԴϲˡ̵һЩȾҵһЩ˷ԴҵҵȻ˵ҲǴٽ÷չˣзչȴûûľ÷չûġ
ͿǩͶ֮ҶƽٿʡίίᣬڻεҸߴңĿǰΪֹʡ߿Ƽҵ԰ȡͶȷģֻ׼ǿֻ׼¼ҵһЩûмҵ
ҶƽĳίҲǶˣһһԪͶʣһǸ߿Ƽҵǰûġ
ԺڷʱȴᵽֻͶ򣬽ʲô仯𣿿飬Ҷƽ͵ͿˣһõˣûͶҲͶôʽǾͷİɣͿ˻Ͷġ
ҶƽһͣԺ˵ˣڵĴЩΣھˣֻʣԼʡίǵλϣͷ˵жˡȻС˽ӽǲ̤ʵŻ뿪ʡʡݹܲܵʡν¡
⣬ҶƽҲпǵģھԭίǣʵɣʡίǵȨȽ飬Ժ۸ʲôƤ£Ҫȴھ飬ھ֮Ű취Ժ
ԺһЩĴԣҶƽ֪һЩھȻԼֶΪȴûʲô⣬ҲûйϵˡԺͬҶƽԺϵⲻСȻϵĸ洫Իôࡣ
ֻԺʵ࣬ΪڹˣȻС֧ѾеΣˡ
ĳίʵҲѾ쵽ˣԺΪʡίǣ˵ٴɲĴٴɲѾ˺ܶ⣬ڵʡίǣҶƽһֱȥġ
ʡίίῪԺҶƽеԺںܶϻǲһ£֮ǰôĸ洫ԣҪʲôˡ
Ҷƽѹά̸һ̸顣ά֮Ҷƽ̸ά֮ͷӦȻԺʡίǣʡίûв鴦ȨмලȨʡίҪüලȨһЩ顣
Ҷƽа飬ԺȻԴһ֪ھܵ飬άҲҪʮֵСģйܣԺʲô顣
ҶƽάԺʱûȥܸ飬ǰѾڸ߿Ƽҵ԰Ľϡ


1602 
Ҷƽץø߿Ƽҵ԰ͬʱŰ취ץԽԽҪΪ÷չĿĻΪȺڵ棬Ҫͻ
ǰԷƶǳӣʡȻҲ⣬ҶƽҪҪ÷ƶսƶ˵ԺģǴʱҶƽԹ˧ץѷƶһֹץ
ƶôץôܹЧҶƽרٿо飬ƶ˿Ҫũ壬ũƶ˿ڸץˣ˵ƶ˴룬ƶصũ塣
Ҷƽٿȫʡƶ飬ƶаŲ𣬸еίгμ飬Ĺܸߣ˵ҶƽԷƶĸ߶ӡ
ʵ֮ǰʡͷҲһֱڷƶƶרЭƶĲţֻûô߶ȵӣķƶʽÿ궼в٣ƶҲһЧ
֮ǰķƶҲŲٵ⣬ƶŲõ⣬ƶ˱ƶ˿е⣬ЩĴӰŷƶЧ
һһ󣬷ƶ˻֮󣬳׺ѵƶļͥȴҲܵõƶİƶļͥΪɲĹϵãòԴˣϰյܴ
ʡͷȻҪץ϶ҪͶʽ飬ƶȺںƶȻǰ㣬ʽԽ࣬ԽһЩĸɲŴǵѣƶȺڡ
ϻȻɺޣǲӬϰոҪãҪκûĸɲ⣬Ҫץû裬Ȼͻγ沨ӿ沨
רץ÷ƶҪץ÷ƶͬƽҲץֻץһЩӬŲƶʽ֣Ӷ֤ƶʽܹõλ
Ҷƽڰź÷ƶͬʱùάרŸһսۣǾĻӬսۡǰһʡĻ˼ǲӬ̫࣬һµĻԽԽࡣ
ҶƽרάָʾϰսӴеؼµĸɲץõмϸɲͬʱҪصؼ¸ɲ蹤
ά̰ҶƽָʾչϰȻԴֽкãǶԲӬǿɺޣΪЩӬרŶѪ
Ҷƽٵ㿴һ˽һأʡͷܶ࣬춼㱨ҲлҪμӣҲҪӴæǲֺŵ濴һûʱ䡣
ǷΪʡίһ֣鷱æȴǲܵ㿴һĶ㱨ЩǾ֮󽻵ģ˵ЩɣпǷʵʵЩ϶˵ģȻǲ汨ȻˣʡίڲڲΣڲ涼ǸʵЩڲε׫дܵطϵĿƣֱӻ㱨ǿõһЩȽϽӵ
ǿϺ͵ֳһǽȻͬǳģҲȫģֻȥһ˽һİʵʵ
ȻڸλҶƽڶȴͶ˺ܴȤ֮ǰҪ飬ԺץģΪʡίǣЭץõĽ֯裬ϱΪ֯Ҳǲȥ
Ч΢ΪӴĻ㣬Ҫû㲻һ׵£ȻҶӻ㣬Ϊ㹤ҪԾھùԻѣԼϰڸ߸ϷʩĹģʽֻҪУγɶԣҲͳһļʵļԻʵ
Ҷƽһ뵽ˣ;Ҫٴεȥһˣڵ⣬ô⣬Ͷ뾫ʱ䣬úõ˼һ»
ҪȥĸطأҶƽһ룬ǰ죬ȥٴٴطίгȺ£˵ط̬ص⣬ȻδŤת־棬ҪһҪʡίĴ֧֣ȥһٴ˵ǿԸֵһ֧֡
Ҷƽ룬ŽϺһ濴һ֮ԴΪϴνϰĽѵȫҪ֤ȻЦġ
ϵ֪ҶƽҪԼȥӲ칤һԱеܾȣ̫Σգ޷֤Ҷƽİȫʹ
Ҷƽˣ˵ĺʽ࣬Ҫ߱ˡһ͸ʹ߱ˣѶôҲñ֪ʱ϶Ǳܡ
ҶƽɣʵڱҲûа취ƾ˵⼸ݼȥˣһ£ܡ
һ˵Ҷǣ൱΢˽ð᲻º°֪΢˽ÿɲһ˾úܹ£˻˵㣬ڲͬࡣ
ҶƽǺһЦڸ۶ʡʱģҲҪԱģǵ쵼ɲܾ΢ȥϰ֪ˣֻ˵ǵĺã˵ǵĻֻһЩ쵼ɲǻзԷʲô˵Ҫǣǵġ
Ҷƽһϲ˵ʲôˣʵҲҶƽȥ΢˽ãȥ˽ã˵԰ϰսһЩ⣬оͦġ
Ҷǣȥ׼һ£׼˸˷ܵ˵
ҶƽЦȥ׼ɣǳĿĵٴһҪעⱣܡ
Ҷƽ˷Ըȥٴ΢˽ãȻ˵Ѷôͨôʵ΢˽ǳ㣬һЩ쵼ɲǲԸ֮ԲԸԭ޷ܵͬŵĳЦҪô˵㣬Ҫô˵ڱԼĸԡ
ԹԱڹٳϷǳ٣ΪٳϽӹ֮ƽȣ˼ʹϵǳҪԱָԣҪܵ˵ĳҪͬŴѹΣգ˼ʹϵܵƻ
ҶƽʵҲǱֳһָԣֻ±ֳԼĸԣԱΪʲôԼĸԣΪʲôֳܱԼ黳Ϊʲô̰ԵĹԱȴԸ̸ԵĹԱȻԵĹԱпһָԣָȴǾźܴƻԡʵ̵αĹԱαĹԱǳ£ȰԵĹԱƻ󡣰ԵĹԱԵģڰԵ϶ǲܳõģȻαĹԱȴǿһֱڹٳϣӰ쵽ٳϵ̬ӶԹٳһƻ
ҶƽαĹԱҲԵĹԱһҪĹԱĸԣʹָԻܵ˵ĲҲҪȥ


1603 ͥũ
ҶƽȥŽԼָ߳սʿʡˣרʡίʡί쵼ȫġ
ʡСһͨĳҶƽͽϵ˾ͳˡʻʡίԺʻʱ򣬿ҰҶƽͻȻоڣ
촦һָ߶Ƚŵ״̬ÿҪȥ뿪ӵĳУ԰ũأҶƽһʱĿޱʹ졣
ϣתһתǲҪȴڰ칫öˣҶƽЦЦϡ
ЦҶǣԺûµʱʹǳŷŷɣ
ҶƽҲЦΪʡίǣʲôʱû°Ϊһ߼쵼ɲûϢʱ򣬲ͳʲôĶԽݼ٣ڻľûݼٵĸʱ޿̵ضҪڸɻ
ڸϣܿ͵ٴؽ磬Ӳ죬ʱֺһڴ˴ӭĵֽӭʽ֪ǴӺʱģͬŴĽӭַȽڣڲ֪γˣһľķӭһ쵼ĬȻַȽڲγɡ
Ҷƽʡ֮󣬾ǶȻȡνĽӭȻεӲ칤Ще쵼Ȼǿϰǰûиı䡣ǵ˲֣Ҷƽϲӭǲʡ쵼ϲͬʱҲҶƽ治ϲǼٲϲһҶƽǹ̬أܱ֮Ȳãǵ
Ҷƽʱ룬Щ˼ڴĦ쵼˼ˣܰ־ڴĦϣڴĦȺڵļϣźö๤ĸãҲ١
κȵ֪ͨٴе쵼֪ȻǲӭˣԵ徻֪ͨһӲ찲ȫڵطϵϣܿʲôʵԣֻԼߣٻܵõһЩ㱨㱨
浽ĸˣҶƽڳٴķ羰ʵ
ϵڽ߲ˣ߲ٴеһҼƶأԭڵίȡģҲһ¡
ԭʱһҪϹҼƶأǶǿϲɺص飬Ϊ˹Ҽƶ֮󣬹Ҳ˰ˣһרŲ㣬㷢չԺöƶرƶ֮󣬱ǲԸժƶصñӣΪƶصĺô̫࣬ժ˾ǿϧˡ
ҶƽҲ֪һȽϹΪίΪͷȡƶصñӣҲǼĲѹֱɹģҲʡ˲ģԴˣȻԸȥȡ
ڵط˵һ£Ϊ԰طϷչˣǼӴƶȵʱһֱƶصñӣô쵼ͲܵΣñӸժ˲ߡһһЩƶؾͿʼҪŷƶΪƶɲַ߰仯ˡ
߲ƶأֱڻûժҶƽ߲֮ȿũطũ忴ȥԣΪöũ嶼Ǹ˶С¥ߵũƺС¥࣬ũǮҪǷӵģûиǣ˵ǵ٣˵ߵũȺڲԣ
߲ػһƶأũƶأΪƶֻѪѪֱӸϰշǮҪʽ̫ˣҷǮҲǲģҪƶҪƶȺһżܣһݹһС
ũȺĻ̶Ҫͣ򹤣ڼĶУôƶ¸һԽ顣
ҶƽһʱҲûõİ취յĽ֮Ҫͨ÷չֻо÷չˣʵȫĹͬԣȻ÷չҲпܵƶҪƽ⣬ʵƸ˵Ĺͬʱϼƶ˿ڵĳ֡
Ҷǣ߲һڽĲǸ߲صһƶصĿ˺üĹҼƶأǸ߲ؿܹһط֮ǰԸ߲ص˽⣬Ҷƽܵ
߲ؾÿʮǰͳˣǳһֱչĲãڸ߲رΪҼƶ֮󣬹ҽ˴֣һЩҵ𲽷չˡ
Ҷƽ֮ͷ˵֪ͨǺһվ϶ȥˣ˿Щִҵҿ϶һƶأһ÷ĵ
ϵҶǣ˵ûȥ߲ؿɷù忴ȷʵΪŹҵ֧֣չǾ˵ˣֻҪҼͶʽзչûзչġ
˵ûĵĺôǼ£ֻҪҪ쵼ͬ־һ£ö׳ٶǿɵģ߲صܷչ϶Ҳԭ
Ȼ߲صǹҸʽչģôãҶƽҲȥˣҪͿ⣬ֻп⣬ƶ淢չֻǿϼ㣬Ȼһͬ־ǾӲˣƶʲôֻǹһͬ־ʿͬ־˸ˣȻҲһֹƽ⻹ڵĻͲˡ
Ҷƽڿ쵽߲سǵʱ˸٣һ¸پǵһׯӦһ·һƬ˿ΧĵطźöĶһҶƽȤӦһũ֮ĵط
Ҷƽóͣ£ϽҲ֮󣬽Ͽ˿Ҷǣط˲ٵũҿǾ
ҶƽͷӦһƬũɣǲᳫͥũũȺڵ롣
ϵȥһʲôһʾӪЧô
ҶƽҺһȥɣ˽һ˵ʲôջ񡣡
Ҷƽͽ϶׼߹ȥһͥũǸҪͻȻԱ½ʻüγˢˢͣ·ߡҶƽһĿһЩȥ֪ʲôġ
һͣӳ½߳һЩӵһһӣЦڶӵڶһȽӣűȽϿTͷñȽϹһʲô쵼
Ҷƽһˣԭ쵼Ӳطֻǲ֪쵼ʡ쵼ӦʶҲ֪
ϣʶǲҶƽʽϡ
ϵȻҲڿһҶƽʣ˵ӵһˣҺӡ󣬿쵼ӵڶǸҾҲ죬쵼ҵ߲ɷãҲʶ쵼ûʲô飬һ֮ʱ䳤ˣǼǲסǵˡ


1604 ũĶԻ
⻰ҶƽͷʱǸ³߽Ӻ˵鳤ǵ԰ͥũƶĿڸķǳ
С۾˿Զ˵صͷǹҼƶأƶĻǲģ˽һǵķƶҲкôʡ쵼Էƶӣίרһƶ߰ɣǹȥ
ҶƽͽվǲԶЩûע⵽ˣ˵ע⵽ˣûǵ£ΪǸȺڣҲ˿ۣǷֹǵң˶վûҲûǡ
ýҶƽͽ϶ǵĶԻҶƽһ֪ٴе쵼˽ƶģǸӱĸɲΪ鳤˴鳤鳤ְ֮񣬴ϷǸ鳤ĿԱȽϴ
벻ӲƶģȻȴôĳųô󣬷ƶƶȻǷƶҪ֪ƶĲףӲ칤ҪᳵӣҪʲôųΪӲƶϰ˵۸ʵǲá
ЩɲȥǴſ뵽ȺȥȺȥ˽ƶܲȺ⣿ѵֻǹһͥũˣ
ҶƽɵضӲ칤ʽ˲֮ʡͷҪӴƶȣƶһҪʵУȻôذѷƶãЩɲ˸ųӲ칤Ӳʲô
ϣǾţóֻļƬҪǿǲʲôɡҶƽڲ˵£ֻýֻǵƬȻͷ˵
һ͵͵óֻ˼ƬЩ³֮󣬱ȥ·ߵļͥũĸɲǰ·Ȼ߽ȥԺ󣬾ĸɲ潲⣬Ǹ鳤վ˫ַǰ棬΢Цţ֮˵ͷ쵼ͷ
Ҷƽһۣ֪ڵɲҲԽԽŻˣȥϹŻţϰ㱨ӿһũĳƵȤûˡ
鳤ڼͥũ˲ʮӣǴҴҴ߳ˣһһӵĶҶƽͽϸһǲݮԭвݮĸɲŵģᵽ·֮󣬱ǳ鳤ĳϷš
鳤һƴǵĶҲûĸɲѲݮŽȥҶƽýϰĵؾͰˡ
ӴҴҵҴҵߣûм鳤ȥƶȺڣֻǵطһˡ
Ҷƽƶ𣿵ȵ֮ҶƽҪũһ߿һͻȻ˴ȵǸʲôģ
Ҷƽͽ϶һһŴܸɾվ۾ǡҶƽ²Ӧĸɲѵ￴һԺģ
ҿũǳãܹܲιһ£ҶƽЦŶ˵
Ǹ˾ؿҶƽһۣ˵˽˼ͥũ˲ιۣǿԡ
벻òιۣҶƽ˵Ǿݮɣ
ҶƽҪݮǸ̸˴һ绰绰˵ȵһᣬһ˹ݮǣš
˲ᣬһ߹ˣҶƽһũĴ磬Ǹɲ˵һȻ뿪ͥũԼСγˡ
ũ˹˵Ҫݮ
Ҷƽǰܽȥһ𣿡
ũ˵ԣǸ
Ҷƽͽ˸˹ȥũֻһˣҶƽһġ
磬ũЧ治ɣҶƽװһ䡣
ũ˵Ҳ֪ϰģֻһ£֯ԱͶҲܡ
ҶƽʵǷƶĿ𣿡
ũһ˵˵ǷƶĿӦ쵼ģʵũϰģϰаأũǸʲôģ
ҶƽЦǾ·ղſкöǵũ쵼
ũ˵ǰոսõʱ춼ݮͳȥ٣ϰĺܣЩݮ򵥣һǮҲû⣡
ũ˵⻰ʱ򣬿ȥǳ⣬ҶƽʵϰǲǸղ˰
ũǰϰ壬Ҿ͸ɵġ
Ҷƽôĸɲ
ũҶƽһۣʵôģ
ҶƽЦЦҲµ
ũĸɲĸɲܳаһƬũ涼ʽģ˵
Ҷƽ֮󣬸ŵ涼ʽ˵ũ
ũصǣϰˣаɳаöḶ́Ǯĺܡ
ҶƽĸɲôĴ̰
ũصɲ𣿡
Ҷƽ˵ǲģ밡ɲҪǾ̣ǻеȨб˽Ұ
ũ˵еԭǴĸɲ֪ôģĸɲĸɲΪ׬Ǯ𣿺ö鷽죬ô࣬ⲻ͵еȨ𣿡
ũ⻰ҶƽеĸɲǴãøɲ̰ҵһֳ裬һһҫˣ˭ı£Ǿǹ٣ЩʵˣǱΪûбˡ
һ¿ٹʣҶƽһ
һǧƽʱҲûж飬һǲũ˵
ҶƽũһƶĿôƶأ
ũ˵ʲôƶϰ飬Ҳʵģֻæʱɻ˭ƶ
ũ˵ʵڣҲ˵һЩǲ֪ģȺ֪٣ЩĸɲһЩ߶ģֻҪһЩ飬ǴֻڼʱŻὲһʲôƶ顣
ҶƽũĻеʡͷȻƶ˷ƶߣ˻㲻ܺܺõִУпܲûзƶǰǮװһЩĿڴˣˣҪ߶Ҫʡרɳ飬飬ץͣݺݵһ顣
磬ǳƼݮɣҶƽЦЦ˵
ĶˣǲǱˣôᵽôĻũһ߰Ҷƽժݮһʵ
ҶƽЦĶģʡ·һʵģǾúóԣͷ˿͡
˿ʲôģҲܣϰ£ʡģʵİɣũժŲݮ


1605 Ĳ
Ҷƽũ죬˽⵽ٵĶ϶ƽʱ㱨ģղǸɲȥȷǺǮһʮĽγȷһˣȻôļңûеְȨؼί֪֪
ҶƽܲȥЩ⣬֪Ͱˣ֪ˣǲܷŹֻ΢˽ãֱȰͷ˵
磬ҿǴӽͦƯͷܸԣɣũժĲݮҶƽԶ˿ЦŶũ˵
ũĿ⿴һԶ˵ͷרŻǮ˴ˣÿڴͷɨ˵ʲôۺϴǴĲȫˣȥһĵطûС
ҶƽһֵʵΪʲôҪǵĲ˰
ũ˵˵ǴͷŹۣÿӰ쵽쵼Ӳ죬Դͷȫˣ˵ԺͳһĲⶼˣҲûнⲻ𣿡
ΪʲôûнҶƽʡ
ũ֪ȥ˵ǵǵͦ죬⽨Ͳ֪ˣǸûеطȥͷڲܣͷʣ˵˲ˣ
Ҷƽũ⻰еʹĸɲϰյƺǲŲʵ̬ȣΪ˻ǳںҲǿԵģ֮ץûǸɲҲûвԸд
ҶƽǳŭǾҪ˵Ⱥ֮룬Ⱥ֮ڵãϰյĲЧʺܸߣ⽨ǲ֪ˣطⲻ٣
ҶƽŻͷٴЩ飬ڸоٵˣҪֳ칫һصĸɲȥùģվȺڵȥµġ
Ҷƽũ˱Ȼ·һ·֮Խϵϴ绰֣ң
һȻҶǣǲ΢˽𣿡
ҶƽطڵأҪֳ˽õˣԺ˽á
ҶƽĻ̴绰֣߲أҵϡ
һӵϵ绰ʱ򣬻ΪʡǸ绰ǲʲôָʾһȴǸҶƽڸ߲أϵ߲ҶƽҪ
ָŵòᣬô£ҶƽôͻȻ߲ˣӲ칤·Ӳ칤Ȳûнӵֻ֪ͨ·ôҶƽҪȥģ
һʱҵһ룬񽭴һ绰һȥҶƽͬѧȻֻǴ绰֪ͨһȴǲá
񽭽ӵ֪ͨһҶƽͬҲǾȣæȥίԺһ߲ء
񽭷ֳŸ߲ظȥ·ϵʱŸҶƽȴһ绰Ҷƽ˵仰ȴûдȥ֪ʱҶƽʲô飬Ҷƽʱ鲻ãҪˣùͷ
ûҴȴǸȥһ绰һô£Ҷƽʲô
ڽҶƽͬһӣð񽭣ֻǸ˾֪ˣҶڵǡ
ϸִ绰֮Ҷƽ˾ѳӿԺſڣ˾̵תͷʻԺ
˴ԺſڣҶƽӳһ۾ͿԺкöˣȥϷõϰաϿһſڣ˵бʲô̰ɣ
һҶƽϸһ۲컹ǵģԭб깤̰
ߣҲȥҶƽͽ˵һԺȥ
ԺҶƽ㿴Щ˿ʼ½Ժ칫¥棬бҪʼˡ
ˣ߰ɣͶˡҶƽһۣԱ·˵ôһ仰
Ųͨб꣬Ĺ̼¢ˣҶƽôһ䡣
дٱȥСһ˲ٵǮһ˵
ٱĺ̨ܶҶƽ
ǺǣôûãڴܿǴһ죡
˱˵߳ԺҶƽ֮һʱ˼֪ŲͨǺҲô¢ȫḶ́򵥰
ԺͷҲûʲôɿģͶ˽˰칫¥ڣҲٸȥһ룬תͷԽϵϣȥũ˵Ĵӿһɡ
ϴӦһũڵĴӾԺԹפش塣Ҷƽϲȥ˴
̵ˮ·ȥפشһ棬϶Ҫĺһ㣬ˮ·޵ıȽ϶࣬ͨ˴ġ
ʱҶƽͻȻЩ򼱣ĴҲȻ˰һҲûҵũļͥͳвһмͥĲڼũͥĲ棬ȻʱһҲûУܿһĺۼ
ϣũ˵ûͷһҲ˵ȺҪϸô죿Ҷƽ˿Խ˵
Ҳǿһˣ˵ýʲô߼ֻΪȺڷˣЩ˵ǲ֪ôġ
ҶƽԶɨһۣ˵ǰһҵһ²
Զȥ淢һƤΧĵط֮ǰĺۼܿԭǴȺûа취ʱƤĲ
Ҷƽ˹ȥҪ߽ȥȴǲ֪ûˣֲŮֻƤΧ߹⣬Ůͬ־Ҫϲǲ̫ȫ
ȹȥ̽һ£ûˣҶƽ߽ȥȥ֮󷽱ÿ⻧ȺڡҶƽһ䣺Ǵͷôûв
Ǹ˿һ˵Ǵôˣý
Ҷƽƽʱϲô죿Ǹ˵ⲻӣղǻᣬӶôǾ͸˵ܲɣô
Ҷƽܲһֱɣ
˵ǽʲôҲûʲôǸ˴
⻰Ҷƽüͷũû˵ϹӣǴɨķǳãǻǮ˴ɨģôͷ̫̫ɨ
ЩɨǴ𣿡Ҷƽһ䡣
ǵģһ¸ٿǮרŸɨǸ˵
Ҷƽһһ²ŸٿǮô٣
һ²ٿǮô𣿡Ҷƽʡ
ˣҲšǸ˵
ϰ֪ͦ㣬ֻǲ֪ٿǮ˭
Ǵ˭ǮҶƽʡ
ǴŲͨǮɨаġǸ˴
֪ĲٰҲǴɨİɣҶƽЦһ˵
ǸҲЦһ˵Ҳţ㻨ǮøóԵġ


1606 
ҲǰɨġҶƽЦЦ
ǸѿЦˣũֻҪ׬ѾˣҶƽĻЦһŲͨ˭
Ǹ˵Ǵˣﵱɲǹǡ
һ䣬ǴͷЩеͱ֪𣿡Ҷƽŷƶ£ͱҲǷƶһִʩ˾ʡ
Ǹһ˵֪ǼûУеͱĶйϵûϵ˭㡣
ҶƽʵǴ˭еͱʾ𣿡
˵ʾʲôûЩʲôֹܲˡ
ҶƽǺһЦҪܹܵأ
Ǹ˵ܹˣǸʲôģܹǴ¡
ҶƽЦ㲻ùǸʲôһˣҪʲôԺ˵һ˵
Ǹ˶Ҷƽ˼ۣСض˵治˵ܲܵǼ
Ҷƽðֱȣ
ǸЦһ£Ҷƽͽ˽˼һң˾кҶƽ£Ҷƽһ裬һȴǸãҶƽˮ֮ʲôҶƽȴǲܲˣýϲҪܣֱӰѺȲ˹ȷʵڿˣǺ
ºҶƽˣ˵ܹܵţҾͺ˵һ˵Ǵĸɲ̫񻰣֮ǰһǱץˣǱδǸģδǰǰǸ󣬱ǰǻأĴǮڴˣ֪ӣǵͲѡˣںҲˡ
Ҷƽֵʵôѡˣ
һ˸״ǰδ֧浹ˣһ浹ûǣͷѡΣǾͰѡˣĴƱͣѡˣǰ֧Ǹ浹ˣ˹˾ѡˣ˭֪һѡϣʲôôҲûеõǷ˲ƣ˵˲ˣĵ˼ʮϰһǮҲûм˭˹˭ͷƣ˵˲ˣ
˷һɧҶƽ֮󣬸оطǱȽϵңԽĵطԽңͷͷΪʲôΣ
ǽʲô֣Ҷƽһ䡣
˵ŲˣǴͷһ󻧣ǰĵǣھͳŵˡ
Ҷƽʵʲô
˵ǴСգù١
Ҷƽ˭մ˭͵ٰ
˵ɲմ󣬻Ͷ࣬˾Ͷ࣬˶ƴ󣬲Ȼô
Ҷƽʵŵ˶Ųʲô
˵һҲҲֻһС鷢ƣŵĶƣƱʱ򻨵ǮͰˡ
Ҷƽ֮ܳأʲôˣǰǵˣ״̨ǰλôУͷܲܲʰ
ûﷴӳҶƽʵ
˭ҷӦǵòôҲûҪǮˣֻҪһǮ޴·˿˿Ҷƽ˵
Ҷƽʵ·ôҪǮ
˵ͷյģ˭ſڵ·ýǮһ٣ޡ
Ҷƽũ·֧ޣڸͨͷôϰǮʹգҲôడ
Ҷƽе̫ˣҪúôһ飡
̸ʱ򣬽ϵĵ绰ˣһӣǴյҶƽ˵Ҷǣǵˣ
ǵˣҶƽʵ
ϵسˣǾʲôط
Ҷƽǵ
ϴӦһֻ˵绰ĵҶƽ˵磬ģһµġ
˵ɱ߱˵İС˼ңﲻˡ
Ҷƽ˵ĵ飬Ų֪ˣǲס
뿪˵ļңҶƽлصԺſڣջصԺſûãֻüˣĳ
ĳǰͷֺ񽭵ĳںͷĳһԺſڣ㼱ͣӳһˣæߵֵĳǰҪֿţȴѾ򿪳Ĵ˿ʡ쵼ĳ𣿡
ĸɲæ˵ǵ濴֪ˡ
ֺ񽭼æԺȥҶƽĳͣһƫƧĵطһˣҶƽ
Ҷƽô೵ӣһ룬߽ϵ֣ҵĳҡ
ҶƽһԸæִһ绰֪ҶƽûнԺͣԺԱߵһСϡ
æ˹ȥ񽭵һ£Ȼҿǰ֪Ҷƽֻ˵ʡ쵼֪һλʡ쵼
ܵҶƽĳӸǰϰ򿪳ţ˽ȥʵҶǣ·ɣ
Ҷƽ˿˵֣鷳ģֲò鷳㣡
һһ˵Ҷǣô鷳أһ֪ͼæϹˡ
Ҷƽȥ糤ҽйȻ׼ƿȪˮ
ֲ֪ʲôæ˳ȥšʱǺ糤֪쵼ҲǼæӭˡ
ֳߵίǰ˵糤أ
ίһæ糤֣æ˹糤ᣬʮϡ
ֶǵʡ쵼ҪټǣǼʡ쵼Ҫ˵ʡ쵼ôţô𣿡
Ǻ糤ַǳӣҲҴ֪ô£ʡ쵼զҪټǣǽôҰ
û̵ꣿһȪˮְŵ
ð죬糤ȥȪˮһȥһί޾ϸȪˮҪԸѵӴ쵼û
һȪˮˣŴһȥҶƽʱҲ˹ȥгҶƽͬѧô˵ҲҪȥҶƽ
Ҷƽ󣬱ӳ˳󣬿ֺ˵ɣҽأλһλ㣬￴һλû
æ˵ûûҶǣ˵ȥ
Ҷƽһָ˵ǾȥǶɣɲûУһɡ
ҶƽһԸ־ί֣ίһæ˹ҶƽкģҶƽûֱӴǰˡ
ǣҶƽǰֺںίں棬Ǻ糤ָں棬һ˾ȥ
ûҶƽͻȻ˵Ȫˮأ
Ҷƽһ糤æܹҶƽȪˮҶƽһ˵ÿ˷һƿʮڶ꣡


1607 
Ҷƽһǳֵֺ񽭶˸еĪӹȪˮƿ󣬴յҶƽǰ˵Ҷǣȫ갡
ҶƽŤͷһۣ˵ڣʮڶ꣬˭Ҳ⣬תһȦ
Ҷƽ⻰ͦ˶ˣίǺɲȫˣҶƽͷǶģֻ˸ееЦôȪˮʲô𣿿ڲʵҲҪ룬Ǿȥ£һƿȪˮҲ㲻̫¡
ҶƽӹȪˮߺȱǰȥֺ˸ں棬⵽ʲô˼أҶƽΪʲôҪŴͷתͷʲôÿģĴ˼ۣǲѵ˵Ҷƽͦɾģιһ£
񲻴ܸоҶƽأĴϹޣҶƽôģ·רţʱҶƽô˵棬ñ˿ɲãֻͷһͷˮ֪
Ҷƽǰ棬Ҳ˵ﲻͣغˮ˼״ȵĺһʡ쵼ȵô죬Ҫʡ쵼ˣûкǲãæڡֲҺȵ̫죬ʡ쵼ȥˡ
Ȼ˻뷨ҶƽͷɨһֶۣŲǺȿȪˮⳡеЦôһȺˣȺڶгۿˣڸʲôô£
ٶ׵·һƿȪˮˣֽҶƽ˵ҶǣҶˣǡҪ𣿡
ҶƽʵпȪˮ𣿡
벻ỹúȰɣͷ糤糤شС
Ҷƽһƿ񫣬һһƿʮӺꡣ
ֵͷеҪЦˣҶƽǲǰѿȪˮɾˣһƿһƿ˻
ҶǣղźһƿˣȰʻ𣿡ѯһµ
ҶƽһŤͷ˵ǶΪʲôһеʣҪǲȣҺȣһƿ
Ҷƽɫ΢ҪȪˮ糤æϣָее㲻ͷֻҶƽȣ˲ȣһ֣һһƿ
ΧŴתһȦˣڰһƿȪˮֺˣ֮󣬴ŶӶҶƽҶǣٺˣ򶼺ȳˣ
Ҷƽһ˵֣㲻˵ãһ˵ҸеҲˣô죿
һҶƽҪϵҶǣץԺɣԺϢһ£˰ѳӿ
Ҷƽһ˵Ȳˣô죿
һѣĴ˿һҲûУͷûɫһ糤ǽ˹ʵͷôûУ
ʱ糤˺ƿȪˮ˶ӵ⣬ֽǣҲܿ죬°ܳǰһʣҲĹãȻ˵ϰյĲڼҪڴｨˡ
һæҶƽҶǣĲڴУ󷽱ȥ˼﷽ɣǻԺɡ
Ҷƽ˵ŶȺڼвȥһ°ȺһģһȺڣͦ𣿴֣鷳·һļв
û뵽ҶƽԸŤͷίǺ糤ǣһæȺڼһûв
߽һȺڣ⻧ȺڼſվһһС糤߹ȥֱιһιǼûв
һ糤žһ䣬ǸûֻչСˡ糤һ뷢𣬵뵽ҶƽԱߣæסίһòûУǲ񻰣߽ȥ磬Ǽûв
⻰תһۣʵǸʲôģ
ίǵ·ϸǼûа
˵˭Ѳڼǲʵ
ίһһ糤ǽй˵˭˵Ⱥڼвģ˲֪˵ʲôŪòƭϼ쵼𣿡
糤ð˴󺹣ֻһ˵֪ҶƽҪȺڼз㣬ڷˡ
ôͷϲĵطҲίС
糤ɫǳļ˵Ĳˣǲλ𣬴ҸĲǽ·߰ſڰŹۣôˣҲ
ǰȺڵĲˣȺϲأίһʣ糤ǶǸûȥ⣬ֻܲ˵Ⱥа취Ҳܲɡ
ǰߺһ糤ĴѰһǰһҲƤΧĲ
ίһһ¶ĲһƤΧģصʡ쵼﷽㣿ó
ȻУҲûа취ˣֳܲһɡίҲ׽˼صֻ㱨һ¡
Ҷƽأһ꣬˵ҶǣĲôˣµĲûнȺڵļҲûвǻǻԺɣ
Ҷƽ󣬱ί糤ǵĶ˹һ˹
˹ҶƽôѲȫ˵ģ
ίǿǣæǵģﲻǸũ廷ϰյĲԭǽ·߼ſڣŹۣӰ쵽ôȫˡ
Ҷƽ˵ǲϰյĲûи
ǵûУЩҲܼª˾ͲˣǴ︺ģͷҲûжϵ
Ҷƽüͷһ壬˵ﰲŴģô˵ûйϵͷʲô£ǲ쵼Σ
Ҷƽһʣ̲˵ˣ쵼˵Σ˵ûΣ
ǲˣҶƽ˵λǺ£ǲϰյĲ뵽ϰˣôϲ𣿡
Ҷƽʵһ䣬ǳˣ˵ˣشҶƽ糤˵ش⡣
糤ǲ˵Ҷƽˣֻûǣ˵ϰտʱײܽϲġ
Ҷƽһָ˵ƤΧĲ𣿡
糤ͷǣҶƽĲŹۣ
糤һҲǲҿˡ
Ҷƽתͷ˵쵼ڣ˵һ˵ĲŹ۲Źۣ
ֿ˿˵ĲǲŹۣҲ̫ªˣŮͬ־Ĳȫ
Ҳ͵֮ǰ֪ʲôȷʵ̫ŹۣҲ̫ˣͷôûвأͷôģ


1608 ӼȺ
һίǺ糤ǵɫúѿˣίȻǹλﲼõģִеģʵǴģڴͷûŪã˵ͷûŪãҲйһĹϵ
ίڻ糤Ǹһ٣Ūû棬ʡ쵼ǰ󣬵ǴʱʲôҲ˵糤ǲʱ˵²˽
һʱ֮䣬ЩãǼҶƽ˵λĿʲôֻΪ˺ÿҿϰմûǴʱкÿΪ˺ÿܲǮΪһÿ·ץջΪϰյ棬ѹֺýãûκģǰҪʵʣڻ⻹ûнżճ̣ϲũʵʣʹũʵʣǣҪҪũĲȫˣũĲϲʹǲûнȺϲѵ֮ǰܲȫ˭ȨϰյĶˣһǮҲ⳥ҲǵȺں˵֣֣ǲֻŪһϷ¼ǻԹȺϷãûվȺڵĽǶȥ⣿
ҶƽоԼԽ˵Խλһ£ȻȴǰӣִеԴȺľǵʶͷû
Ҷƽ糤ֵ
糤æ˹ȥҶƽ˵ڲ˵ĸɲôˣһٺ̸⣬ھ˵ˣһһ糤ܵ˿Ҳˣũ˿ڣũʲô˲˽𣿵Ȼǿûסũ壬ǰɣ˿סũ壿
糤æҡҡͷĸɲڳ˷סڳˣũģο˻Ǻ糤
ǲסũ壬ȴũ幤ũӦϤǰɣ룬ڳסͷûвǻô죿ǼǲҪˮǶܼɣǾְλٸߣҲҪϲǣվͨ˵ĽǶһ룬վϰյĽǶһ룬ûвѲ˻ʲôǴӦûɣ첻ϲУҪܲܵȵٲǲôʲô˭ģ￴ģǸ￴ģ˸˵һ˵
Ҷƽָ糤˵ĸɲ̫ɺˣغȺ£޶ԣɴͷ˵ָʹİѴĲ˵ģʱͷôģûгֿǹȺڵҪ
糤ǲҴ𻰣Ҷƽղ˵ûɹͷ֣Ҷƽô֪ģ˵˵İɣ
վԱ߸еȥҲǲã߹糤˵ǰѲĿʲôúýһ
ǿֶˣֻÿ˵ʱڴͷ̻ģеĲ·ߣ̻㰲Ŵͷˡ
Ҷƽ֮˵̻ҪϰյĳԺҪǼҸ̻ˣûˣͬⲻͬ⣿ϰϲûһȺڹ·ߵĲˣĲΪʲôҲˣ
ҶƽƵķʣ糤ŵòᡣ˲˵ˣҶƽŤͷί˵ίǣίǵҪҲͶ˵ˣũĻǺõģҪʵʣҪǵȺҪ󣬲뵱ȻؽоߣǺƿȪˮ֪򼱵ζʲôζϰվʲôζԺ󳤵ԣκεľ߶ҪȿһȺڻʲôӰ죬ȺڻʲôôΣҪΪǣ̣Ǹûи̵뷨ҿеģͶ벻٣Ƹ˴ɨҪǮɣǸɨȺһ¶ǮͷҪúòһ⣬һ¸ٶǮ˭ģ֣ȸҲһ£Ҫһ
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ֺ񽭵˸оҶƽ֪ǲٰ֮ǰҶƽط˽ˣҶƽ·רģĻ·֪Щء
ʱЩ˺ƿȪˮһеˣҶƽߣǲߣҶƽڱأǸȥֺڰĸɲ쵰¿˸ųˣĸɲҲǰѲ˸ϵһΣЩ⣬Ҳһ
ʱȺڳҶƽǣԶҶƽĻȺڱеһ쵼ˣĸɲĲᣬùҶƽӳһ
һ˺öȺڣһ°ҶƽǸΧˣŵĲᣬҪҶƽʲôȫ⣬ίǿǵ𰡣ôܰҶƽȰأҲû绰֪ͨع˱
ͷ룬Ҷƽȴ˿ûиеʲôΣգȺڹȺʺá
˾Ϳʼ˵ǴʲôʱܸǺã쵼æһߡ
˵ͷһһüٿǮϷ𣿡
ɲռǴĲƲ쵼𣿡
ЩȺڵĻҶƽŤͷֵ˵ʲôȺڵĺȺڵĺǴڰ칫ͷԴģģǲȺڵĺԶҲ
ֵæ˵ǣҶƽ˵Ǿһֳ칫Ӳȥǿô
Ҷƽˣֻ˵ʲôֻôӦҶƽȥӲҶƽ͸ȺڣʲôԵӲȥһǼ棬ʲôǽʲô⡣
ȺһȻ֪Ҷƽʲôɲ֮ȴǻȻҶƽȥӲ
ʱŲҲ֪˴ͷˣ糤ӣһ֪һ쵼Ӳ칤ˣǵӲ칤ô֪ͨһ
Ӽ׼ȥͷһԵҶƽղŴĵطȴǷҶƽȥ˴岿ˡ
ͻȻ˵绰ϵ岿岿Żûпءһæ岿ȥ
ȺһֱҶƽĺ棬һ͵˴岿岿ûпţҶƽһᣬᣬŲܹˣæšȺҲˣ֪ʲôǲǽҪٿ᣿רȺ￪ģǿᣬǲ֪ʵ̫˼ˣͷһǣô¡
ſ֮ҶƽԼȺڶ˽ȥİ칫һ治С¥½ģһ߽ȥȴǷֳͷأ߰㡣


1609 ʡ쵼
칫һƬǽ壬ֵϸеܲÿίǿǽüͷǺ糤֮æҪȥɨŲҲǴæȥҸëɨɨһɨŪһƬҳæֹҪɨˡ
˵ֶ֮ҶƽҶǣ̫̫ңҪǻɡ
ҶƽĴ˼ۣ˵칫¥Ĳֻû˴ɨغﶼλ벻ôϰյĲ֪ȥŹۣô˵Ź۲Źۣ
ŹۣŹۣ˹ɨί֮æӦһ
ҶƽʵŹǲǾҪ칫¥ˣҿŹۣ˵˼벻ŹۣﲻŹ۵黹ء
ǴɨôˣȺ⣬ɨһ칫ҲòŶ೤ʱ䣬һɨһ°ɣɨףɨ˵˼ѣְɣҶƽ˵ʼԼҪɨæȥæ
糤εؿһУʡ쵼Ըɨ֪ؿܻΪǵж֪ľ֪Ҫùˣºǵʰǲɡ
Ⱥڰæô˶ִɨҲӣʹɨĸɸɾˣҶƽȺڹҪӳ⡣
ҶƽǵȲҪżһһȿźòã
ȺĻæͷӦҶƽʵĿûУ
æȴΪѵصĿ
Ҷƽʵô
ǵģȫĻǽسǹֵܾģسǹֳܾа˸ˣϽǹܾһٶ򣬾ôǮǲ
Ҷƽʵһ껨ٶλ
ǵͷǣҶƽʵﻹûзƶ񣿡
˵УҶƽôƶģ
һ֧֧ˣȽϴ󣬶ƽʱҲû̫ע飬ȻһʣĶشȥֻʱеͱзƶʽΪƶ˿ṩѵ
һ˵Ⱥڴ˵ͱйϵȥˣû
Ⱥһ£ŪϺѿҶƽ˵سǹֳܾʮܸܲϵ
ίæܣϴ绰
Ҷƽʱϵ
ίǼæȥ绰سǹֳܾʮӸϵʮӸϲְϻƹ
ȺڿҶƽ˵ĸɲµҪǶʱеҶƽĹͦܽٵ飬Ҷƽӳ⡣
Ҷƽ˿ǣȻǵôĸɲĸɲȥһ£ŹϣǣǲҪ
Ҷƽίæ糤Ų߳ȥǴ
ǽǻرܣ糤Ųֻ˳ȥһ߳ȥŲ˱ʵǣ糤λ쵼˭ôô
ǽǳûˣҲԼǰ̣һ۵ĲΪʲôһɶ
Ųһί˵Ҫȫҿִеĺúõģôˣ
ǵǾͲܸݴʵôϰϲô죿
Ų֮ǰôûأͻȻϰԲ£ϻӦǣϰϲ϶зѵﲻʺɶģ
ŭҵʺԣϰԼ취ϲ⣬ʡ쵼ϸҲʡ쵼Ҹط
ʡ쵼֣Ų˵ɴ˫ۣ˵ǣ˵ղλ쵼ʡ쵼
ûίǰҪؾǽҲǿۣ쵼ˣûõĶӿˣʡ쵼򼱣Ҳط˵ǲǱӿˣǿŲ˺޺޵˵
ŲȴƤЦǣ˵ʡ쵼Ǵ򼱣Ҳˣʡ쵼ҲҪϲ
Ųţھͳ㣿ǸҪִŲˣŲæǣôִˣʡ쵼״ȥ
һ⻰ָ㻹ûʶȺأ㻹˼Ц޵ʱ򡣡
Ųʶã˵ǣҪңʲôʡ쵼ǵģ
Ǻߵ͵ŰɣҺ糤Ҳһ浰ʡ쵼򼱣ʡ쵼ʺڿ棬ܵʱ򣡡
ʡ쵼򼱵ǳأŲ˵ð˺칫ҵķ￴ţϰջʲôȰѹȺڸͷʰǡ
˴棬Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôǶĵģʱҶƽͷȡȺڵķӳ
Ⱥȷӳͱ⣬ҪǴɲ׺ѵ⣬һЩȺ˵˺ܶࡣҶƽ֮󣬵ͷǣǾӦ˭أ
Ⱥһ˵ȻǸͷˣβܸЩͷǮˣǶû
ҶƽǾȺڻǱȽϹģȻ˭ԼȡôȺҲ⣬ԼܵõͱͲӳˣֻԼõͱǵͱ϶ǲõģǲѶɲǰѵͱϵ׽ˣϰտ϶ߡͬʱѵͱһЩǮˣǿ϶ҲǲУϰյ۾ѩģֻҪѵͱҪˣҲʲô
֣֪֪ͱôĲҶƽŤͷ֡
תͷίǣί̰æشҪǴɲﱨȻ飬ﲦʽ𡣡
Ҷƽһ˵Ҳ˵ɲŵͱķ䣬ʵû취ģԲԣ
ί˵Ϊû㹻ȥʵͱֻͨɲвУɲܹƽͺð죬ԼСžţͻȺڷӳ
Ҷƽͷίǽ˵ôһ䣺ʱɲʵҲΪѣͱҲ٣һüʮͷ˵̫ƶҲ࣬˳ƶ֮˵࣬ҾֻҪǮϰվͲжˣųǮ֮󣬴ɲ˭˭ͲðˣɲҲ˽лʱԸҪֶϰǡ
Ҷƽϸһ룬õмֵܿ˵˼˵ֺڹ᳹ʱìˣȻܴǲΪͲʵˣؼȥìܣĻǽڵͱķȫڴɲһգϰղǾûӣרͱίԱᣬմȺڲμӣôУ


1610 Ҫ
ҶƽһίĿ˵ҶǣίԱ᲻ô죿
ҶƽĻ˵ⲻǻһô᲻
ίǴŵ˵ҪԼ˵ͱô죿
Ҷƽһ⵹ҲǰԭǴһ˵£Ūһ˹УҪ໥һô죿
ҶƽίԱίԱָҪйԲУȻûˣʵӵģǿ뷨»һĴ£ƶȴ£˲ģ˵ǰɣ
Աͷ˵Ҷ˵ǣںö鲻һԸܽģ˱ҪƶȴµʱˣֻƶϽһЩ⣬ܱٳ벻
Ҷƽһ룬ú߾ҪʵãûһЩɲƻˣҪΣڽȺڵľٱҪʱе飬ֻҪƶһγɣɲͻ˼ɣµľȥ飬ȥǣ߲ȥЩ鷳ĹǾ鷳ˡ
ܶ飬ǲܰȫƸ弶弶Ҳд弶ѴͷҪŹãҪ𵽼ලãͷϸͷ˵ǲǣҶƽί˵
ίæǣͷһܻŹϵǷȱ
ίǵͷǣҶƽɨһ۵˵ʲô㲻ҪǴǣҪԼ˼˵ĻҲһȷڻ˽зȨҿĿܲǱ棬εԭǿܸ
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Ⱥڷӳ˵ͱ֮ҶƽίǣҪˣҪɹ飬ĸɲҪμӣӣһؽУȡȺڵȡȺҲҪʽܹ⵱ȺҪ˽⵽Ⱥڵǿܲᵱʲô˽»ۣҪǵȺܼ˵һȡȺˣȡȺˣڷ𣬼ƭȺڣҲƭԼҪȺڵ˽Ⱥε󣬶ǳֹǺŪһ¡
ҶƽҪί֮еǳķҶƽȻӸλǶԻҲǿĺ͸Ūһλʡίǿǲܵġ
ҶƽźԺȺڻ˵ʲôȴǲԸ˵ˣӳͱⲢûԴɲ˼ֻǱǵһֲǻ뷴ӳɲ⣬ɲܵˣǲԸ˵
Ҷƽ߽һӣ񽭻ί߽ȥȻȺһؽȥӳ
һȺҶƽǰŸҷӳŲ˵⣬˵ŲԴϴ˴ĵأȡ·ķãѴĹ̰ˣһ˴ˡ
ȺڵķӳҶƽתͷʵǼλʲô룿
ֵڵĴɲǲ񻰣üίͬ־һ¡
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Ҷƽȴ˵ֻ˴ɲܵһ棬ȴûע⵽һ⣬Ǿϰȡ·õ⣿콲ũ񸺵ɣΪʲôɲȡ·ķã˭ôĵӺȨͷ֪֪飿
ҶƽıɲܹȻãûв֮ǰ˭Ҳ˵ȡ·ķȴʵģһһô࣬Բ߹涨ϰΪ·ҲǽǮǽĲףЩǮû·ϼûвǮ·
ҶƽһʣίǵҰǽһʰɡ
Ҷƽ˵ͷһᣬ˽ǲ֪Ⱥڷӳʲô⣬ͷģӰ쵽
ǱţҶƽ·֪֪
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һæ˵ͷ·ʽֵģͷȺȡǮƣǲġ
˵֪µģΪͷֵǮĬͷǮҪǾǿȡͷִеʱȷʵûǿȣ˭Ǯô˭ſڵ·ͲˣԴ˱ȴǮ
Ϊǣ鶼һ㲻֪飿Ҷƽɵһ䡣
Ҷƽɣһ룬˵˵ĻǿֻôɣֱǮǲġ
ԣǾͷ˵ˣ˭ǮͲ˭·ûа취Ǯɽԭǽһǧǽ˰˰١Ⱥڵ˵
ҶƽһĿ⿴ǣˣ˵Ĳ̫ǮͷûǴȡġ
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Ҷƽ˵ʱسǹֳܾžƴҴҸˣҶƽ֪󣬾Ͱ˹һｻٶôˡ
ǹֳܾûƸϽ㱨ֻƾͰٶĿ֧ˣҪ豸˹飬豸ҪԱҪǻԱˡ
ЩԱ˭ƸģҶƽʡ
سǹֳܾ˵ǳаԱƸġ
Ҷƽüͷһ壬˵أôøа
سǹֳܾҪǻ˷ģΪǵֲá
ҶƽҲҵλô˳аֲԼƸãΪʲôҪаˣǿ˵ĹǶ٣
سǹֳܾǰɣа˸˶Ǯǲ
㣬һٶǮĹʣǵĻǲˮƽҶƽʡ
سǹֳܾһ˵ԼƸĻ˵ĻҪһǧǮ
Ҷƽʵǰɣǰʲô׼а˵ģ
سǹֳܾǵǰһһٸİɣũĻ˹ʿ϶ҪһЩ
Ҷƽһ˵ǲ˺üˣЩǮȥˣ֪֪
سǹֳܾǮѾ֧аˣǮ϶ڳа
ҶƽһӵȨԲܳаˣΪ⻹ǰڽǷᣬһҪ£Ȼȡֳаʽ˸ˣ𺦵ǵҪ飡


1611 ŵ
֣ٴҲ͹ʱ׼ɣа˰͹ʱ׼ָ֧ˣóаԼϣˣа˽ʲôҶƽ˵仰ͻȻʵ
ǵаĸɲŲͨ
ҶƽһŲ֣ͨ˵ˣ˵·ƬͥũҲģ
û뵽Ҷƽ֪Ų֣ͨҲ˹ˣҶƽæ˵һũͦģвݮѵȾ
Ҷƽʣĸɲôӵũ㲻Ǿ̰ҵ
һЩûشˣ˵ǰʱתһֱ̰ҵ
ҶƽȻһֱ̰ҵΪıģﻹҪɲȥһ˵ƬũǷƶĿٵʽȴǱ˵ˣҪƶ
Ҷƽ˽⵽ٶǰп࣬Ҷƽ֪ٶô죿ŲͨҪùˣСͷǷ˲꣬ʲôôһѣֱ˽ϰûʲôСĿʶٵˣߵĲΪΪƶĿСӷҪŪԼϣռһЩˣںˣҶƽˡ
ǲûشҶƽ֪ǿ϶ڵˣֱ˳ȥȵ߳ȥ֮Ҷƽ˸Ż顣
һˣֻڵĺܶ⣬˵ε⣬ûȺڵĹֻԼֻҪȺôģ鷴ӦʲôͨͨǣʵֻҪǵĸɲܽıĵһ룬ڻᷢȫȫ˻ûнɹ飬˵ǲǣԼҪϲҪʺҪ򣬰ǼҲвУ²аɣͰǶеɣץ˸ɣڵãȺڵĲȫˣʱȺڽȺĴ취ҲϣȺʲô뷨ȺڵҪܵͣһҪĻͲˣƤǲˣԸⲻԸĲ鷴ӳǵĻɲԴȺ浭Į粻ʵιǿ⣬һҪ߶ӣҪͨȫʡԭ򣬼žٴη
Ҷƽһֺ񽭵ͷǣٴһ¿ǸҪˣʡﲻͨٴĺ
һҪʹȻִߣмලΣҲаŲλΣʱ䣬ﲻ֪ܲ°ɣɲȥˣûзӳ⣿Ӵǵɲֹ쵼糤ҪдͨȫʡȺڹϳģһҪദˡͷƶʱûмʱ˽ȺڵķָͬҲûȷȺڹֹͬ־ίҪ쵼ͬ־ҪһΣ쵼Σ쵼ҪеһΣǽһԭ򡣴λȥרŴ⡣
Ҷƽֺ˰飬ίվԱһĵ֮ɫίǣȻΪ¶ҪеһΡ
ֺ˶ӦҶƽŶ˵һҪǿһƶ⣬ڿϻûȫã⣬ͱȺڲ⣬Ҫоõķ취ͬ־һ⣬ɲȻùֻҪ취飬취ܱѶ࣬˵ǲǣƶʽʹãһܱɮ⣬һЩͶӪ֮ͽŪȥˣŲͨ취ѷƶʽõԼļͥũϣ˵ʲô˵ǹ©ΪʲôóѣǲмȡʲôôҪ飬صļίҪ뵽ŲͨúõĲ飬һô£ΪԱɲ̰ҵ飬аѹե˹ʵ£ҺúõĲһ飬Ψͽ֮λǵĸɲģˣһҪҵõκκô˻Ϊʲôˣ˭ҵҿ糤Ҳҵ˼˵طһˣҪݺݵش
ҶƽĻͰЩˣίҲˡҶƽ⣬˵˵Ųͨǣ֮ǰ䵱˵ļȷ棬˴Σ˲ˣΪһˣ˵ʲô⣿˵ɲĽڱаܸ浹һɲȻĴɲţ⻹˵ãҪɲҪιһʶûеδɲͷҪѺأʲǿĴɲҪдֹʱִ⡣ίҪŲ˽е飬һûΥΥ͵⣬һȡȺ·õ⣬Щ·ĸ˵ĿڴˣûУ
̴ֵӦˡˣҶƽһڵʱ䣬Щ֮󣬱ʡίȥҪԹĿԿ鲻壬ǾǵˣЩ鲻һʡίҪܵ飬ٷ飬ֻ鴦쵼Σ˭·飬ĸطҪ쵼飬˭
Ҷƽ̬ֺ񽭶ͷеѹܴ仯ˣ˭ܱ֤κεⰡһ⣬ǿҪе쵼ˡ
Щ飬ҶƽȺڵ𣬸ǣֻҪʲô⣬һҪ򵳺ӳһǽģڸɲеһЩȺ֮һ鴦Ϣ
Ⱥһ̹ǸоҶƽһ𣬺Ͱ׵ĺù٣ĺùҪԽԽð
Ҷƽ뿪˴Ⱥһֱе·ԶȥŻͷǸһͷŲͻȻ˹ָǵǸҸңţ
Ⱥһüһ쵼ߣ͸҇NɪǰɣȺڴʱҲ˵Ųˣ㲻Ҫţ쵼ˣûNɪˣŰɡ
ʱǺ糤һϺǳŲˣǰɣһְȸͣˡ
ŲһʱоԼƵģȥвȺˡǺ糤֪δŲˣ֪ҶƽǳҲ˵Ų˵ĴɲϳˣǾܱܲסԼλҲǺ˵ء
Ҷƽί񽭵˳سǷȥˣس֮ҶƽдͣϢһ£ֺͬʱ޷ٽ΢˽ˣֻҪ˽һ¸߲صһطЩ⡣
ίǿسǣ˿ҵ̰ί칫ýӴٳʲô


1612 վ
ҶƽдϢһ£뵽ڴͷʱеץûѾǿ̲ݻˣ㹤ҪԸ߶ȵӣԲܷλĴַŷչǰЩǿǷǳбҪģڿչĲã˵滹ûиԳֵӣڱ棬Ǻܲõ
һڻϣʡίҪóʵЧĴʩҪԱɲѡɹְָǿĵ֯衣
ҶƽϢԺֺ˹˺Ҷƽ˵֣񽭣֪ͨһ£Ĵ쵼һ鿪ᣬ˽һЩ
ҶƽţֵԱμ𣿡
Ҷƽԣȫμӣ㰲֪ͨһ°ɡ
ְȥ֪ͨˣҶƽ飬Ĺƶȷǳȫǵ棬ȴ˵ĸɲҪϣҪҲϣǲӿǲ˵Щڹ۷򣬲ΪļɻԽԽϣŸͶùҹһЩΪ֮ͽȻ޼ɵֺȺ棬˱Ҫݺݴ
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ȵ֪ͨ꣬ʱҶƽóǸ˵ũͷзƶƬ˭
һ۾ϳί鳤ƶΣίзƶġҶƽ֮˵֣ҾҪ˵˵ˣõʲô˰ܵƶΣ㿴ǰӵȥ˰ļͥũܵгʲôũ˭¶è壬ǲ֪ƶȺڸӴӴεк÷ƶĹ
Ҷƽһָеϻû뵽ҶƽһˣȻ˽⵽ôĶ鳤ҲҶƽˣ绹ǲӲôҶƽأ
Ĵ쵼֮ҶƽȥǼ棬˽صһ֣᳡ʡίǹǼ棬ҫǺܸߵģĴ쵼ﶼǷǳ˵ġ
Ҷƽ֣ȻЦ˵ͬ־ǺãܸҼ棬̽һؼ⣬ͬ־ܳԣúõؽһ
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ҶƽϣҪĴ쵼Ժ󣬶׷׵ͷʡί϶ҪˣҪĶˡ
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ҶƽƬһŪҿҳ˳ϳˣƶηǳᣬʮͷɲҲǷǳˣ˭֪ھȻҶƽóôҿˡ
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Ҷƽ鳤ͽ࣬ôҶΪӣҪԼôҸеҶƽҪϰʱȥҲۻؿ˿ȺڣʵˣʵʲôҲû˽⵽ȫƾ㱨ĵл治ʲôС


1613 ŵ
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ֵĻί鳤ôһ£벻ͨȥУɲ˽Ϊʲô˵粻ʵأ
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ҶƽٴίʱĴ棬һ룬ֵĻԣҪԺٷƵ飬ݱתȫʡУȫʡͨطȡѵûĹ
Ҷƽ΢˽õ鷢֮ʡĸɲ½֪ˣͬʱϰҲ֪ˣʱҵۣеĸɲȻҶƽ˾ٵͬ㣬ʾ˵ĲͬеĸɲǾأϹţĸɲȺڵĻӭġ
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ŵԸ˰ɣǸոƻһ𰸼ץ˲ٵˣܻһ飬ڻгɾ͸С
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һڣŹˣ쵼ԴݻҶƽǼ棬ʾӭ
ҶƽרΪžһС͵ӭͷܸˣҶƽСһ£һֱʮӲŷ֡
һ£Ҷƽڰ칫칫Ŵ˵绰˵Ҫ̸㲻㡣
֪Ҫ̸飬Ҷƽ͸ڹǵģרųʱһ档
׼ʱˣİ칫ҡһİ칫ңž߽һ˵Ϣƽʡרż㣬зˡ
Ҷƽһ飬һ˵˵ʲôڼң
ŵͷ˵ûûоȹ㣬ʲôָʾ
ҶƽһڼеأһʡίǣɲһС飬ʡĿĺڣǲǺϷģǺϷģû˵ʲôǷǷģô
Ҷƽһᣬʵţһ£ΪʲôҪأ


1614 ȹ
ҶƽŴ£Ļ˵ڻʡһ˵Ӧ㣬мӦѧɰɣѧɸҼ𣿡
Ҷƽԣһ룬˵ѧˣΪ˴൱ԲҪңǱ˻᲻żңӵĴǲǻѧҲ˵ɣ
˵пܵģϵͳԱ᲻ģ
ʡίǣҶƽûʲô֮ŲŰ취ɣؼǼʲôôأ
Ҷƽüͷ˵ܲȰһ㿴ô
ŵֻ˽Ϊ鲢ǹܣǿռ֤ݣ黹
ҶƽһøŽҲеڲԷĿģǹ鱨ӣ͸ڲأǴɨߣͬʱµʧȥ˷ڲԷĿ֮ǰûǲҪ
ҶƽЦЦҲûʲôԼӵģҲΥ£Ҵйػܵ£ô׼ӵɣ
˵ûı죬Ҫյ豸мӣֻйÿĹڰ칫ڸʲô޷ӵģ˽ֻǿԼĵģñܵ绰绰޷
ֻҲܼҶƽее£СǵΪֻҲҼԺֻϺȻ˼һ˵ʡί˵㡣
͸©ϢҶƽ֪ԺɻеЩ𾪣ڸԺδ飿ʵֻҪ˼ʵʡͿԴΪּΪѾְȨˣֻڲ״ʲôҪŽһ˽⣬ȷ鱨ӣǾҪɸˣֻûйⱳҪŪ˭ָʹģΪһ
һ룬ҶƽͻȻһ⣬ѹάйùάеһ´ûо⣬о⣬Խ˫ȻŻ˽һ´˼ӵĶһԷ飬һǿԷֹйϾ˼£ȥһ顣
ά֮Ҷƽ̸̸ά֮ʮ𾪣ͬʱ֪Ҷƽô֪ģûʣΪ֪ҶƽźܶϢ֪һ׵顣
άԺôˣҶƽڹά˵֮ʵ
άԺ뾩ǵһҵܹϵȽУǰչʱԺίǣҲ²֮žϵҵڳסڹ⣬ڵҵĵܸܵ𣬲õ顣
Ҷƽһ룬˵ԺǲǵõʲôϢҵʲôʱ뿪ڵģ
άȥʮ·ݰɣڿһˡ
Ҷƽһ˵ϵôͰˣַǳƻ˵һ˵һεļ¼᲻йأ
ά˵йصĻһˣ񲻸Ӵݾߣ
Ҷƽ˼Ƭ̣˵ָʹĻǻǺðˣֱʾ͵ˣ²ָʹģˣǾ͸ˣ߿˵һЩˣҵģǲ࣬˵ǲǣ
άָӵ˴Ҳɲɣɲ㣬᲻°йأΪʡɲ֮顣
ҶƽǺһЦǲԯʲôǿԼӵģһΪ¶ǣֱǿЦǻ㲻뷨һľɣ鵽˾ͺ˵ˣ˫棬ٲ顣
άӦҶƽΪеˣ˭أȲùˣûʲô£Ҳ̫Ӱ죬ֻǵĻйܣͲˡ
ά˶ае飬һڵδڼûʲô⣬ȴǷ֣ƽʱҪҵ񣬲ϵϰ򽻵ȫһøɲȻΪʲôҪҶƽмأǸеǳˡ
άŲ鲻˵ְϸϸ飬ûзʲô⣬֪ͨһŮڹ飬һϵˣһά²ǲʲô鱨ԱרżҶƽó鱨Աģ
һ뵽ˣάͷһ£Ļʹˣ˵Ҳ̫ˣһҪݺݵسʹ
άҶƽ˻㱨ҶƽҲǸе֣һԺøɲֵģզֺͿ֮أ
άֱӰ˰˫ɣΥɼˣһΥΪһҶƽֻľġ
ά̸ҶƽķԸЭһΥͰΪɰӰ칫ڸˣһίԱ϶һ£ȥЩţҲԼίԱҪǻֵǾǲˡ
ŴʱҶƽ֤ݣͬʱҲûзĵԱйӴ˴˴Ųǹ鱨ԱһڲԱָʹ¡
άѴ˴ʡίԳ̸άԹͷ߰˷ֵ飬ΪֻһĻάŲԳ洦¡
˵ɣ֪ʲô𣿡άƽض˵һ
˹άһۣ˵ǲ˵ҪЭ𣿡
άȻţȴǿԼ򶨣֪˲һöԸĽɫϾǹԱһķ龭顣
ǵĿָư˵Эʲôˣάʵ
˵֪ҹģûΥʲô͡
άûΥͣ˵ûΥͣ
Ŀһʱ𴦣˵㹫Ա궼ǣûʲôΥΥ͵£ңһҴˣȻ֪ΥΪĻһ˵ġ
άһμ˵з龭ˣЦЦ˵֪֪Υ͵Ϊ
˵Ŀǰ˵һ֪Ҳﲻǡ
ά̬ȣ룬ҿ翹ǰɣôĵӣ
άһӣôĵӼֵʱıŤһ£ȷĵӾǱȽϵĴ󣬲ȻôȥҶƽأԴ⣬˵ȷʵܴȻܱ򶨣˵ʷǳǿӲΪԼû֤üίգҲ¡


1615 ȥ
һǶµĽոĴ𰸣˵֮ԻҶƽΪ֪Ҷƽƽʱôģ֪ʡίǵǳں棬дһƪйʡίǵС˵ԲôģûʲôĶֻǳں棬֪ԣǴ˷ɡ
Ļش𣬹άȻΪ⻰дС˵дС˵
С˵дûУά˿ɫ˵
̧ͷһ޹ؿһۣ˵ûС
άһ˵ûУҿھдС˵Ĳ֪ʡί쵼ιģ㻹벻֪쵼ιģ㲻Ҫ˵˵ûõġ
ά࣬Ŀؿ޶ԣͷ˵·Եǿһ㡣һı֣ά֪˷ǳԶԸҪץ֤ݲУȻ翹Ҳû
άһ룬ûټǻͷһ£Ҫ뷨֪Ҷƽ֮󣬸ʲôûаϽأ
άôһ飬ȴûзʲô˿Ļѵ˵ҶƽĿǳں棬ûĿģȥҶƽһ£Ҷƽһüͷ΢壬˵ǲ񾭲
άҿǳҲʲô񾭲˵ΪдС˵ÿЦ𣿡
Ҷƽ֮˵˵Ҳԣˡҹȥһ᲻˵
ԹȥЩװɣά˵
ôףҶƽʵ
άҪǼ̫ˣôţ̬ʮֶӣҪǼ¸Ӷˡ
Ҷƽδأ˵ģʲôģֻҪǿԿ㿴вУ
άһ룬ڴӦȻҶƽţҶƽʡίǱ߼
ʱڵͷ˼źȻһ´򿪣һ̧ͷһϤӰȻûֱҶƽڼӵƵȴǿNˡ
ɵһҶƽĿԵЩͣû뵽ҶƽҶƽʡίǰһͨ豸ҶƽʱֽŶ£ֱ֪ڶ֪α˷ֵģԼķǳأǲ֪ģû뵽һ֮ھǵ
Ҷƽڹάͬάһǳ˵·ûУ
·ֱ壬Ŀɨ˹άһۣǰҪ߻ǷҶƽϣȻӹҶƽֻƵȻܺ棬뿴һҶƽʵгʲôӡ
Ҷƽƽߵ·ǰȥǳºͣ·ƽࡣ
·˵ͷά·ûУ
·̧ͷ˵ʲô
һ·̬ȻӣάĲᣬҶƽ·ǰԹά˵ҵ˵仰ɡ
ҶƽĻά˳ȥҶƽҪ˵·еЩѾִܵάˣȻάʡίˣȻû˵ʵһִ
·ͬ־ˣҶƽ·һۣº͵ʵ
̧ͷҶƽһۣ·ҽʮˡ
Ҷƽʮˣϴѧ˰ɣ
·Ҷƽ˿˵˵ΪдС˵ǲ
·뷨
Ҷƽʵ뷨뷨дĻҿԸṩزģɱöˣ˵ǲǣҲǵԱ쵼ɲǴʵ˽ҵ̫ѣֱӸдţߵȥңҶǿԽӴģûбҪȥҰ˵ǲǣ˵ʡίǣͨȺڣҲ˼ӰԲԣ
Ҷƽ˵ĺ·ˣ΢΢̧°ͣ۾⿴˿ҶƽҶƽ˼вˣ˵ǹĹԱִߣΪִߣһҪطǲǣȻȺڲ㰡ȻʡίǣҲҪص͹ÿһ˶ҪطʶȻɾ˰ΪԱһȨôҪȨУȴԼĺģȥˣǲЩ˰ûмӹ˰
·æҡͷûмӹˡ
Ҷƽͷ˵ô˵ֻӹˣǶ̫ˣĺ˰֪𣿡
·ҶƽĻæ˵֪ҴˣԲҶǣҲ
Ҷƽ֪Ǻ£ǶԴɲ̬ȻǳǰѺβˣһӰ˸Ȼ󶼳ˣǾིҲܣ֯أҲΪ̬Ȳʵ֯ã֯´㣬Ҳƭ֯Уǲǣ
Ҷƽĵظߣ·ԾЩסˣ˵ȷ黹Ƚϴ֮ԻҶƽ֮У˸һԪҶƽʲôĿû˵ֻǴӦǮ
֮ԻᶯģҪǸı겻٣ʱŮǰ飬Ǯ˺ü죬ڴӦΪǴԼȥ˲֪˵֪˭뵽Ǳ¶ˡ
ʱҶƽʻе޷ˣ빫άԿѾ񾭽˼㣬Ҷƽһ֣ľ߳ױˡ
Ҷǣ˵ʵ˵ʵ·ͷ˫ִһҶƽ
Ҫ˵ʵҶƽĿϾ˵·ͬ־ȻҪ˵ʵͰ齲ɣţʱˡ
·̧ͷҶƽűǶ㲻ȥˣֻðһһʮĽ˳
Ҷƽһԭ֮У˾ȻһԼҪʲôԼôҪȻһ·
·ҲǼǮۿΪԼŮѧϧȨˣܻˣǴ̷ģһˡ
ǸʲôģҶƽһ䡣
·ֻһ棬֪ʲôʲôģֻ˵ҼӵҪʱ򽻸ҽ磬ȥĸʲô
·ĻҶƽһ£˷ǳأ˸еˣ᲻ǹĻ֪ǹҵĻܣԲŻɣĻЩҲ̫ˣȻɳ£Ż᲻ܲ鵽


1616 ǿʡ
·Ҷƽ͸©֮ԼԭҶƽ֪͹άһάеȽأȻ뻨ǮҶƽƵֻ·û˽һΣյˡ
ҶǣҿƽȫذɣίôˡάҶƽ
Ҷƽ˵еҿһ£ȱ𼱣Ѿˣٸɳʲô
άͷ϶˸е𾪣·СӵҲǴΪһԪȻҸɳ˸е˼顣
Ҷƽȥ֮󣬰ѸŽеԼİ칫·һ顣һȻҲǾ˵û뵽ָʹߣָʹ߾ȻǮ
Ҷƽָʹˣֻһ棬˽ԷҲûṩˣһԲ飬ǾŮתһŮһ飬Ǯôģһܲܲ鵽ˡ
ҶƽĻŵͷһͷȥһ£һԪĻҲʮԪΪʮ£ǺͿִ󵨡
Ҷƽи˵뷨ŮڹѧԸǮܲڲʲô뷨ˣֻҪ鵽˭ָʹˡ
ŵͷʾٷʲô顣ڸ֮ҶƽǲҪ㱨һ£Ϊ飬ȻԵˣҲ漰棬֪˴£ܲ㱨
һ룬Ҷƽеⱳÿܺܶ࣬бҪһʽ㱨ڻ㱨˭أȥøһ׳㱨һ£һ׳֪¡
ҶƽڰŸȥµͬʱǰǣȥһһ׳һ׳ÿ칫æҪҲô׵£ֻϵһ¡һ׳֪ҪҪ㱨רųʱ
Ҷƽһ׳֮󣬱ˣһ׳֪֮ҲǷǳӣ̰Աȫȥ£ࡣ
һ׳֧֣Ҷƽõ鲻ˣȥ飬ͬʱһ׳ҲԸȥ飬һȥ飬˭Ҫֳԭˡ
Ҷƽڻ㱨ͬʱԺ㱨ˣȻ˵ûȫ϶ԺʲôΥΪǸʡίĵ飬ٴΥ͵ɣٴʡίǵλӾͲˣܷһְ
һ׳֮󣬱ʾῼǣҶƽҲûж˵ʲôȥˡҶƽһ׳֮ӼྩѧУһʿһʶҶƽרʡҪĿĻڰʡྩѧУĿΪ˽ǿʡĿꡣ
һеĲθ벻ߣؼǿûĻƷζﲻҽȽȽЩָꡣȻ÷չҲǰᣬֻǾ÷չˣЩϲеĲλȥ
ҶƽҪʡǿʡҪԽԽУڰʡչٽʡеķչ
һҶƽԽӼӼʱίǷƽгһͬ
УǰʡĻӭǵｨУһѧǻṩŻݵ˾ӵĳУٽѧķչҶƽһʱ򣬱ǿض˵
һЦڻȽҵｨУûѧԸϡ
Ҷƽһӣ˵УģһҾûǹˣҵĲвѧǵסʦʣҪ˾ӳУҲ˵ڲȥһζ׷GDPҪѹڹϣиӵغʾס˲仧ǽչ˼·
ҶƽĻһһʱеǳȤ˵Ҷǣչ˼·ⰡĻǵǿԿｨУʡ취
ҶƽУʡͷ죬˽һʡǰķչ˽ԺΣ
һˣϣʡͬ־ͬһ⣬ֻҪʺϣһ֧ʡʵֽǿʡĿꡣ
ҶƽЦЦ֪һӣǰûһ㽻飬Ųô˳ȻһֻһĸɲΪྩѧУѧߣﶼǻܵӭġ
һ棬Ҷƽº˹æİ칫ҡϴҶƽûѵһ٣һβ֪᲻ѵ
ΪǰʱûʲôѹԴҶƽǿʡĿеѹɽˡ
ͷϵͷ٣ԽԽˣҶƽİ칫Һ󣬾ͿҶƽͷдд
Ҷǣˡصһ
Ҷƽһָ˵ɡ
ߵһ֮ǰ²һ£ΪһĵҪһЩٽĹ뷨ྩѧｨУ鲻ģҪҪྩѧｨУͺˣȫѧʡֻһصѧʡݲ˲٣һܰྩѧУǿʡݸеĿ࿴ˣҪæˡ
һҶƽ̧ͷǽѯôûгЧ
û뵽Ҷƽһ£æشҶǣͬ־ǽԺ·ǳ棬ǻĽṩ˺ܶõĽ飬ǽǳӣֻҪʲô⣬Ƕ߶ӣԸĽ
ĻҶƽü˼涼ṩ飬ԼûһݺõķҪǿʡҪãѧǴǳжƬǻȴ˲ֶΣȱһɣڻ׶ûãѧҲܸãҪ¹򣬲ҪȡҲҪȡȺڵֻܶãϰ⡣
һԼҶƽѵһ٣ûа취˭һʼûʲôõķҶƽͻȻӣҲòõķҲ⣬ͬʱѧʣٻһЩìܣҶƽҪЩΪѰ
Ҷǣһͷٺúо飬漰ķܶ࣬ҪǵҲ࣬еϣص㣬еϣҪ⣬ȻΪһѧУͷѪҲڿⷽ⡣شҶƽ
ĻҶƽƽЧ֮ǾҪƽ⣬ֻҪǴӳԶֿǣܹģǳ˽Ļ裬ԸȥĽ⡣


1617 ѡ
Ҷƽһ˵󸻱ͷ˵ǣҶƽҲǷܣڴҶȥ׵£ǶһЩѵȴϲģԸˣҶ˭ȥ취ȥоЩѵ£
һۣҶƽǲҪ˰һȻڶ˵һ£ǲ˵뻻ܻģµô򵥵£ҪʺϽˣȾͲңλҪп죬Ҫ󸻰ŵλȥҪ°ŻɲʲôӰ졣
󸻿ȥĻȻҲҲԼĻ󸻲ְˣֲֺܸ´ҵˣĸɲвٵģܲÿһ˶ƴǳںܶλϹһһǨߵλã˵һֱǴֻʧȥյļѡ
Ҷƽۿ￪ʼôĸɲѧһβԹɫȥĦ쵼ϼ쵼һһῴҶƽһͨصغһͨŲ̫⣬ҶƽͻȻĿƲ˼⣬òȥ²Ҷƽǲ뷨뷨ܿǻˣ뿪ı
͵Ҷƽһۣ˵ҶǣʲôָʾûУ
Ҷƽ˼߳һ˵ˣ
һ⻰ʱоãһ˵Ҷǣҽʮˡ
ɲԸɵʮ꣬Ǵǰ뿪һߣȥ쵼ǳεĸɲһֱɵʮΪֹʮˣ˵ûе˾Ӷߵ䣬Ҳûеݵ䣬ڽλϸȥҶƽ뷨ˣڽλϸˣôûٸȥˡ
Ҷƽ˵ʮˣǸеðˣΪʲôðأΪĻνˣôͱʵȨλȥӽ˾ӶߵˣҪôˣֻǽ߸λȥͿˡ
ʡ˴ʡЭЩ߸λǣֻҪʡ˴ʡЭͿˣòŷԽʵȨλϾͿˡ
һ룬ҶƽˣͻȻúͰ˵ģ䲻СˣҲǹһˣΪҵ˲ٵĹףҲ˸ʱˣһ鰡οȻ㻹˾Ӷߵ䣬Ҳǽӽˣǰһ㵽ȥвУȥúÿһ£Ǻˣ֯ظ
Ҷƽ⻰һ˵ɲʱϷף﷢ȣϷҶƽ뷨ˣһ뷨νˡ
뵽ȷʵǽӽ˾Ӷߵˣͬ⣬ҶƽȥˣȻҶƽ˵ǽ飬ǲһֿҪΪǽ飬ô쵼ɲǰ׵ˡ
Ҷǣʵ˾Ӷˣ岻ãҲˣŽˣ˾ӶߣҸ˶ھͱ̬ͬ˾Ӷߣ֯ͬ־Ұˡһȱ̬һҶƽķӦ
󸻷ǳʹ죬Ҷƽȴû̵˵ȥһʲôõĽҺʡίᣬҪôż˵ͬ뿪ߣܹ鶼Ҫ˳ڵĸλģ˭ҲӲһ죬ǲǣȻȥһ£֯ظŪһĶ
Ҷƽоǲ󸻺úٿһ£֯飬ͻΪԸ˾ӶߵģҪ˼˵лȴԼʾͬ˾ӶߣϽأ
Ҷƽֻ˵ǺðɣһȥγһĶ֯㱨
󸻻ǷǳϵģҶƽֿ϶ڽĹ˵һĽߣȻ󸻵ĹһҲ⣬ְְ֮ǰǿ϶һԱܽչ˳
˵껰ˡҶƽȥȴţ󸻵ˣ˭λӣһ˵еѧʶӦܸߣǲʿʲôģнʦڵνⲻ棬һžͿԵνˣҲǰѧĽء
ôɫأҶƽһ룬ʡί֯ȥɫһ£ҪҪ԰ѹ顣
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ҶƽĻ㱨˵Ҫ˾Ӷߣ˰ɣؼѡһְĽʲô
ϱһоҶƽǰ֪£ȻҲֱ˭ν¡ϱһ˵֯мĺѡΪҲǿ쵽˾ӶߵҲǰ׼
Ҷƽʣļѡ
ϱ˵һεĽ׾һǰѧУŻǣһʡƽƽǰι԰Ҳ֯ҪѡУˣʱûˡ
ϱĻҶƽһ룬˶н£˭Σʣؼϱ˭ˣϾ˭ʣ˭˵Ҳڿźʣǵȵ֮ȴпܸеʣҲһ⡣
˭󸻵λӣҶƽʵ
ϱ˵ҽð׾Σ׾ڽĸˣĶ֣ԽϤΣȽʵֹԣŻڰѧУδԸȥɽһֱڴѧνδýֻǰ˺ѡҲֻǳǣƽҪµð׾Ϊʡ
ϱҶƽ׾һֱڽûʲôͻĹװΣ󸻵·ʧȥǵˣҪʵֽǿʡҪһλǿĽΣһģǵĿǷΧ֮ڡ
Ҷƽһϱ֪Ҷƽ֮ԻỻΪ󸻲ˣĻŲ˵׾׾Ĺȷʵһ㣬Ĺʡ쵼һ£˾ӶߵĻ϶ҪλӵģҶƽȴҪһǿͲ˵ʲôˡ
Ҷǣ˼ǡϱһ룬Ҷƽʵ


1618 
ϣ㿴ǲǼȻҪǿʡĿ꣬Ҫǿ϶ҪһرǿνؾͿһˣְ˵ǲǣһҪһʵֽǿʡĿƥνСҶƽϱ˵
ϱһ׵ͷҶǣ˵ûҪһرǿˣȥأϾ˭ǿûдűǩҰ
ϱҶƽҲʶҳһˣܻЩ뻯ǲ뻯ҲܴպһʡҲԵʡڸɲҲԵһǵǵԱ޵ɸɲҲǿԵġ
һ룬Ҷƽϣ㿴ҪǿʡһҪܸɣҿһ£㿴ܲ뷨йƸȫѡ˷ΧǿɸѡؾʹˣǽйƸǰʡӰ죬ǽǿʡһİ㿴ô
ҶƽҪйƸϱһҶǣƸɲûйɣǲ̫ǰһЩ
ҶƽɲʡȨ޷Χ֮ڣƸһҲûʲôɣɣȥ鲿һ£һ鲿̬ȣͬˣͺðǲͬ⣬ȥЭ
ҶƽľģϱҲ˵ʲôˣҶƽˣҶƽ˼·һǲһģҪ˼·С
ϱȥˣҶƽڰ칫һ룬ƸܷеѡʵҲǲһ£˲ŲԸΪƸδܹƽǾûԸμˡ
Ҷƽǵ⣬ȻҪ㹫ƸôҪùƽҪñɣΪаˣƸһҪطĽרΪίԱίԱרҵҵطзжϣͬʱίҪȫ̲룬ôҿιƸĹ̶ȡ
Ȼ˶ԱģΪɲ쵼ɲμӹƸôϵĸɲӴһλĻҲԽˡ쵼ɲѧߵĻӦнְƲУһǰʵѡ˷ΧȻһְֻܴӸɲѡΡ
ҶƽҪƸºܿʹ˳ȥ׾Ǻܿ˵˴£ǵ˾ӶߣýӰģû뵽ʱͻȻҪ㹫ƸĻĽһְܾûϷˣƸ˭֪ܾƸϲ
׾ؼϹ㱨£ϣϹܳ˵˵£ĽһְϹҲˣôʡίڣܾҪμӾƸ
׾һʹûвμӹ־ƸμӾƸ
׾룬ֱȥϱϱʡ쵼ڼ¹׾ȽϤ˹˽һ¹Ƹһûлᵣ
ϱһԼȻ֪Լ˼Ϊ̸ѾΪ˵ˣʡίҪ쵼ҪйƸҲûа취⡣
׾һ֪鲻ðˣֻûȥ飬Ƿ뾺Ƹ
ϱ鲿㱨֮鲿ͬǸƸƸ֮ҪǣٰѰѹأûʲôģҶƽ֪֮׼ʼƸ
ʡί֯ᷢ˹ƸʡһְĹ棬Ĺһʱýע⣬Ȼ˵ЩزйƸɲ飬Ƹһ쵼ɲûйչȥĹ涨ɲҲǸ߼ɲˣûй
һý飬һͰѰʡҪǿʡ˳ȥǿʡᷨʡûȻǿǸʡûǿʡĿ꣬˰ʡһǿʡĿ꣬˺ܶ˵
ʡнֳʯ֪ϢͻȻҪʡͷʯд½꣬һֱͶڽҵУźܶԼ뷨ȰҵֻһؼеĽֳȻȨ޷ΧڣѸĺܺãʡһЩĿûа취ֻаʡҪȥһЩõ飬Ϊ飬ûʡ쵼ܣûʲôãٴһѹˣûа취
ڵʡƸʱһӶģΪʲôأΪһǴɲͿԱҶƽڰʡʡίǣҶƽڰʡιʡίǣҶƽһ棬һνϣΪȽߣ̨Ҷƽһ֡
ҶƽӡǳҶƽһǳ쵼ֻϧʱλ̫ͣʹҶƽչҲûõģڰʡȴҪƸܴӴֱӵҲ˵ܲʵ飬ְԽҲǺ˲顣
ȻΪһؼеĽֳɲ˼֪ȥʡĽҿ϶ᳰЦģΪ˻˵ǳ룬һ죬ΪֻҪȥ˾ܿϣʱˣͻڲȥˣ˵ϼ쵼֪ȥǲΪҵ״쿪
ôҪȥĻ϶˵ķģһγɲĻᣬԼĽͱȻʡҪǿʡĿ꣬ﲻȥһأ
ôһ룬ʯȥȻ˵һܳɹһξҲ԰ɣ˵ܾƸأ
ʡĹ淢֮󣬰ʡί֯æͷöѯ˵ģӵ绰Ŀ˵æˡֻ𱬵ĳ棬֪￴ôλӣȴǿô˵ע⡣
ʱΪһڣֹǰ˴ﵽʮˣȻȥԱ࣬Ҫ֪ǾƸöǲұģҲҪܸߵģô˾Ƹһλӣ⾺ıǷǳҵġ
ϱºһ·֣ǰƸĴǸУĽڼϵ֪ʶӣΪҲŴ֪ʶӵһ룬ˣܲץס
Ҳ쵼ɲμӦƸģǱȽ٣ʡֱмʡڸУһе޵ɸгҲμ˱ŻΪѧĸУҲμ˱ҲģϱΪܲԸ⵱뷨Ǵġ
ʡԱ඼ǸУʦֶͨһϸλĴѧȴûģҶƽı󣬱ǸеЩź


1619 ѡĽ
ѧ߲ҶƽҲΪ˼ҴѧѾǹͣʲôٰܹͨٲСڴѧҲô£ЩѧǾ쵼˽ʲôģ˼Ըʹˡ
ҶƽҲˣһԽѧߣѧʶԨܵýĻҲЩ񲻰ѾͰѽˣڻŴѧʲôģؼǿ˹̤ʵ̤ʵûԼļ⣬ܲĽ٣Ƹ춼һЩٵĹţǾûʲô˼ˡ
Ҷƽ֮Ȼˣһ룬ԲμƸԣɲƸԺܼ򵥣дһƪйؽ£Ȼˡ
μӾƸԱϿԺרǽУгΣ¼ȡǰǰǰʮԱȫΪԿĶ
ҶƽμԵḶ́˵ҪμԣϱвμԵЩרһ֣ݼΪȻЩרʡڶˣһҶƽλʡίȴҲǱϹϾ
ҶƽЦһһ֣˵ҹһǵģԱţ̬ǵĽ
Ҷƽ̬רμӵ⣬ǲأҶƽѾѡˡ
ԿʼԺʮνμԣÿ˰Сʱһɾǲٵʱ䣬ϱԵļ϶ҶƽȥϢҶƽȴûͬ⣬ʾԼ쿴˿ԣоҪһֱȥ
һԣǰԱǰԱһǰѧУŻǣһǽ׾һǰʡнֳʯŻǱԵһ׾ڶʯ
רеĽҶƽֳǵŻȻشĺܺãЩ̸ѧѧʶԨЩ̸׾شйоأûʲô㣬Ҳûʲôʧֵ㣬Եúƽӹֻʯشĺм飬ǽȴǱȽʵڣΪڻ㹤˽ʵҲԼ뷨ˣȽϷθڡ
ңû뵽ʡһнֳμӰʡĽѡΣҪһûĻǲ߲μӾƸҹնߵڡ
ֻܳɼڵ˵ճɼĻӦŻǵν˽ΪĿǰ׾Ϊ׾˰ǽʱ
ʯΪܣΪʡ˹ͬʱԭֻһ˴ɲȻŵʱ϶ῼǵԭļԽΣһѶȵġ
ﶼô룬սôʡίרֻṩ飬ûȨֱӾ˭
׾ڵ֪ԼԺ󣬱ŻŻǸżһȥԺϱˡԺȻҶƽĴѹƲ֣ǱϾʡίǣڰ׾һ룬͸ʡίоĻὨ
׾һеܸˣȥϱϱ򲻺ֱӴӦ͸ʱоʱ򣬻ۺϿǵģһᰴճɼϾһμ򵥵Ŀԣп죬ʡоᾡȡġ
׾֪ԺҲǷǳģоȻڶδصϽȻһҪ⣬ûкܺõɣŻǾǽˣΪŻҲɵӣʱܲ취¸嶤
뵽׾һ⣬аϷ˵ŻڵΰѧУڼ̰ܻΪŮѧм飬һλ޽ڡ
һ˺ܶ飬Żһϵݣβըһ汨˵˹һʡί֯棬˵˹ʱͼϽ÷˺ԣһλߣʯʡˣ˽ôƪӵһǰ׾ˡ
Żǰһʡί֯ϱ򿴵Ҳ˴룬Ѱˣ֮ʱǴΣβСˣȥˣǿҪʱ飬飬ô֪˼֮ʣŻǱˣΰ
׾һˣʹ˷ģϣû֤ݣûκεİ취ֻܱҶƽ
Ҷƽʱ˭νͰѰ׾ųˣΪ׾ȻĲڸλû˵ʲôĳɼ˵һǴСƢȥ鹤ųǺܴ󣬾Ͷ֮䣬ǹϢνʡĽⲻκεɫҲͲƸˡ
ŻǣϾǴѧĸУϱƼһʱ˽ûֱͬν˼һԣֿôãһ˵ʲôҲҪ˼ҵ˰ɣ
ҶƽܾЩ̸δȫʡĽԭ˵δԸû뵽һпͱˣ˵Ҳһˡ
ѡʯΪʯӡһʵˣʯĵϣǱ߸ĸ÷ǳɹ뷨һĸ󽫡
ʱû뵽ԼӼʯ£ôȥˣ˵Ӽ̫ˣܼǵʯ
ԥ֮ʱϱ㱨ˣϱĻ㱨Ҷƽһ࣬˵ֳˣÿɲεʱ򣬾ͻðܶľٱϾͻֺܶӣ֣ŪĴûе飿
ϱŻǱˣǱҲûãûȥ˲飬ʱȥǾûоĽѡˡ
ҶƽҲǣʵ˭ʣ
ϱüһᣬ˵ҵأҿð׾Ϊãһ׾һֱڽǶ֣αȽϷϳ棬һŻֳŻٳӰ첻ãԣۺð׾Ϊá
Ҷƽһ˵ϵǸǰ׾ָʹ˷أνһ˼˸Ҫ쵼λ
ϱһҶƽ룬Ҷƽ˼ǲŻǳνŻǲֱҵҶƽˣĻǻҶƽɡ
һ룬ϱ˵ҪͰճɼʲôӣŻǳν
ԼҶƽȴһʱû˵ϱеƣ룬ѲҶƽʯνɣҲ̫˸е˰ɣ


1620 ʽ
ҶƽϱĻĿϱһۣ˵Żô
ϱŻǴѧУڽǱȽϤνĻҲǲԣֻۣʱνƺ顣
Ҷƽһüͷһ˵ϲȻ˶ʣҿʯνɣ
ϱһе𾪣˵ҶǣʯɼֻǵԭֻǴɲҪΪǲǲʣ
ϱһʣҶƽʵĻεĹƸ޹գʯȻֻɲֻ˵ҿϣνְǱȽϺʵģһڣڲеĻǻԽְҪ˵
ҶƽĻشϱ򲻺˵ʲôˣֻ˵ǺãҰʯΪĺѡύίо
Ҷƽ˵ͷϱֺ֮úõһ룬İǺʵģŻǺͰ׾˶⣬ʯһԡ
һڣʡίίٿҶƽʡίίᣬȻڳίϣϱп齲˳ʯν
һڳίСϲΪʲôûаɼѡأʯǵ𣿡
Сһ飬Ҷƽɨһۣϱ͵һ⣬һŻϾٱٽѡЩʣ׾ǵڶ죬ΪʽְλΪ֯ͰʯΪѡ˳
ϱһͣС룬ϱһҶƽȻõίоֻҶƽΪʲôʯأѵΪʯǰˣҶƽڰʡιְ
ϱһ꣬Ժ˵ŻܾٱڲûвʵԴ˾ͲΪѡˣǲǲʣʹŻ⣬ô׾ûʲôɣΪʲôѰ׾Ϊѡأ
Ժ˾Ϊ׾˵ҶƽһоԺСƺߵԽԽˣʲôϵ
λʯΪѡҶƽԺ֮˵ҽһ£п֮ǰϲͰŻǺͰ׾Ϊѡ˱ҵģҾ˶ʣԲпȻ˿һǲǾͱȻǽĺʺѡˣʯͬ־ʡʡҲһϣڽϷܶĹ۵㣬нֳλ˲ٵĳɼȻЩֻͣ䲻СˣʮˣνǺʵģڣǵҪһ֮ǿԽ˻أǻģˣʯνǺʵģŻǺͰ׾˲ʺϣСʡͺΪ˺ʣܻǴӳɼĽǶģȻѡǲΨɼۣҲҪۺϿǲУǶλٺúÿһ¡
ҶƽһСıЩζЦЦȻҶͬ⣬ʯһԣٻ
СһҶƽĻı̬ҶƽǱĹģԺԺɫÿˣæ˵Ҳͬ⣬ֻҵŻǵһ׾ڶڲ˵ҵ˻᲻
Ҷƽʲôģʡίˣǻǻ쵼ɲҲûУͷϲ̸̸һǵ̬ȡ
ҶƽһԺͲ˵ʲôˣǳίͨ˶ʯҶƽһԾŶˣСԺȻʱǷԵķҶƽǰûмԼĵֻҪҶƽһڣǻ϶ٽʲôˡ
ίῪԺϱŻǺͰ׾̸֮һʱ֪ίľǲǵ¡
Żһϱİ칫ңϱ˵һְˣʯʲô
ŻһʱסΪͻǰ׾ֻ֮ǽѡû뵽ʡίһʡʯʵǳԤϡ
ŻϱţĸУɣûʲôͻȥˣ
ŻһϱĻɵʵϲôʯҵĻ׾Ӧȥɣ
ϱһۣ˵ͲҪˣʡίɣҪ˵ʲôˡ
Żе㲻صҿĿǵһȴˣǲҪһ˵
ϱһ˵ʲô˵ĸţʡίҪ쵼֪ˣ㻹Ƿʡίľɣ
ŻǵϲϵϢʵϵģ˹ңҵ
ϱǲ㣬ǳ飬ʡίҲѰ죬Ҫˣȥɡ
ϱŻ룬ֻúƵػȥˡһߣ׾ȵ֪ʯ˽̽еϲô£Ϊʲôʯˣ
ϱʡίľʡίҪ쵼ͬ־Һ̸̸ϣܷʡίľ
׾ҲǵڶǸӦλģȴһɲ쵼ңôܷ
׾ҲһĵʯԭֻǴɲȴǵ˽ͷ˲ô죿ҶƽѵûпǵЩ
ˣ㲻ҪٶིˣʡίҪ쵼ͬ־ľҪӣȻáϱȰ׾
׾һӵ˵ʡίҪ쵼ͬ־Ҳƫģڰʡʯ
ϱæ˵ô룿ǺΣյģҪԭ
׾ϲҲǰ˵˵˵ǲʲôأ
ڴ£ϱȻԼҶƽǲΪʯĸɲģֲȫǣʯֻһɲʱҶƽڰʡְʱʡ쵼ˣܻʯʲôϵûʲôϵҶƽôΪʯǰ˶չأ
ȥɣֻҪκ˵쵼쵼ĿǣҪӲ²⣬ײףϱҪ
׾סֻ˵ףҲ˵ˡ
ӦԼϱˣҶƽ֪ˣҶƽ϶ˣҶƽ԰׾ûкøУ֪ۣĸǱˣΪԼĹϸɲû˸ҶҶƽŲʲôأ
һ룬ϱһ£ʯ绰̸


1621 ʯĹ
ʯ֮ԼֻһûϷˣʡˣһǴɲռʲôƣʹһһʱҲ˸ˣοֻǿһ컨ЧӦе;Ҳ͵ˡ
صʮĸسίǣֻΪڵ쵼ڼǳӽȫȫʡǷǳɫнֵľֳͷصְλҲζ;ˡ
нֳָ꣬окܶҪȥΪнֳȨ̫ŸԼܶûҲû֧
ˣʡȫпʱŻһŹȥһԣҶƽڰʡʡί֮ʱԽȽӣܵҶƽ¹ȥץеǳˣŻƸһ¡
ȻǳŬشǲרҵθôģˣԽ׶ΣӱԵһܳɼԽ׶ΣӳɫԼԽϵ˼ȫд˳ΪۣԵһһ
ԽԺ󣬻صί쵼֪ˣΪҪȥҪίί쵼˵ҪȥоЩЦʡȫпȻ˵ɲ˭֪ŲõģĸɲһѣţŪһɲȥ
˵ιƸ֪ΪĸģνܲƸʡί쵼һʱڲƽϵ߸ܲнˣôɲлᵱֱ⣬뵱ٵˣ˶ߵˣʲô
ί쵼ͷģȴǲô˵ֻ˵ʯĹǳҪȺڶԽڴܸߣҪȥǱߵְλ᲻Ӱ쵽Ҫ㱨Ҫ֮Ĺϵ
ʯʱһϱ̬İɣߵĹһᰲźõģӰ쵽Ľ֪ʡίҶʡɹҾȥһԣܱ˻ЦңģܿϣҲΪǰʡ˹⣬˵ǲǣ
ί쵼һǰһСǲҶƽϹˣܲǱ
תһ룬ᰡʯҶƽ֮ϵôҶƽڰʡʡίڼ䣬Ͱʯˣôʱĸؼɲʯǰ;ǳ˳ǵϸؼɲɲǰˣ˵ʵڵģҪǹʯЩʵˣ֮ǰһλʶίǣľϿƼ쵼ְλλί˾ӶˣҲ˸س
Դӵϸس֮ͿʼֹǰˣίҲﲻæˣأûҵµĿɽֻ֪ͷɻ̧֪ͷ·Ӵ֮һֱڸصĸλǻ
ֱίҲһֱţø·뵽ôˣҹһֱŬŰοһ£ֵξֳҲһ˰ɡ
ԣί쵼ʯҶƽҪԴУͲֹǰˣˣʯܲĿԲܳ
ʡпĿΪʯĻҶƽȫȰʯǱߵθȻҲʲô¡
ˣʯҪִȥίҲ㣬ܿϣҲΪ˹⡣ί쵼ЦЦ˵
ʯеί쵼ЦЩţЩֻҪί쵼ӦˣͲȥƽˣҲǣǴɲϾɲλί쵼Ǹɲʲô뷨Ҳĳ϶Щġ
õί쵼֮ʯȥˣû뵽һί쵼רŴ绰ôûУ
ȻһֹģʯȻǸоЩֻʵûпã˸ûϷ
һ˸ί쵼ҲЩȣΪʯһɲȥɲǸ͵ģû뵽˵ɼ
ί쵼ʯһʯоί쵼ͦȤģ޷뿴ЦǱȴһֹģֻί쵼Ļ
֮ʯҲûȥ£Ҳˣˣͷ˶֪ʡˣһ˵ͷڰЦЦεɣεǹԣȻȥɲôܣ
ˣ˼ҰʡпֲǰʡпȥʲôְôĹٵɵǰɣίгļһģһ죬Ӵ
еĸɲǶڳЦʯڲĸɲرǼֳ֪º󣬸ЦͣоʯܵϴɲҲˡҲã濼ˣڳһλ𣿻Ǿлˡ
֪һʱе˸е棬˼ʯҲûб£ǰҲ˳׼ģȻôܿеҡҡͷ˸뿼˸һûʲôѧУ¼ȡԣǰлᣬֻҪһˣûʲôˡ
˶ЦʱʯͻȻӵʡί֯ĵ绰˵ʡί֯ȥһˣ쵼Ҫ
ʯһҪʲôѵϷȻΪʲô绰˵쵼Ҫģʲô£
ʯЩȴ벻ʲô£һᣬƽ룬νˣȻʡί֯Ҫȥһˣôȥɣʡί֯쵼̸һ̸Ҳһ¡
һûкί쵼кӵ֪֮ͨ󣬱ȥʡί֯ˡ˰ʡ֮ȥʡίԺȴһ绰Ȼϱİ칫ҡ
ϱӼ֮ϱЦһ֣˵ʯͬ־ӭ㵽ǰʡ
һ仰ŪʯЩ£̫ͻȻˣʲô˼ǿ˰ɣȻϱô˵ӭʡ
ѵ⻹ţ˵ǰģȻûпϣǻԸһᣬ϶ְλԸһְλϾҲ˲
ʯһʱ̧ͷϱһۣʵϲãû⻰˼Ҫҵʡ𣿡
ϱһ˵ѽҪʡҸǰʡί֯ĹѾ·ϣǽǢ¹ϵ֯ϵȫתƵҿǸ㣬һŶΪʣὫ˻ԭĵλʱҪ˼׼


1622 ʯ
ʯϱ˵ﻹû뵽ʡΪֱʵϲҵʲô
ϱҲһ˵㲻ǱǵĽְλ𣿵ȻǵνʡίίѾˣڴʡί̸ģȻҴ绰ʲô
ʯһ͸оͻȻͨͨû뵽ĻῼϽĳɼǵһʡĴɲֱЩ󰡡
ϡϲ˵ʡίίоҵΪʡĽˣʯԾ˵һŵӡ
ϱһۣЦʯͬ־ܺ㿪Ц𣿾ʡίίоΪʽһְΪǳίľȻ㱨ˣǾ͹ְɡ
ʯƬ̣ͻȻӦϲллͳίұ˵Σһְʡί쵼ҵУ
ϱЦŵʯͬ־㲻ҪлңҪллҶǰɣҶ㵣νģпҲҶģҶǷǳӽϵĵӲС
ʯһ⻰ʱҶƽмû뵽ҶƽôɲνȻҶƽչ֣ҶƽûʲôϵҶƽֵ£ҶƽˣΪҶƽչֵ̫ˡ
ҶƽҪҪҶƽΪܸýǶΣͬʱҲһֺܴѹ㲻ýǾͻʧȥҶƽǸеֲˡ
뵽ʯһϱ˵ϲһŬģҶǺʡίҵΡ
ϱ˵ͷŶ˵ɣȥһҶǡ
ʯվǳϱĺ棬Ҷƽİ칫ҡϱ֪ͨʯʱѾ֪ϱҪʯҶƽһ档
Ҷƽϱʯˣ˶£ϱҪرһ£Ҷƽȴһ£ʯ̸̸
ϱʯҶƽİ칫֮ǰһֱҪ˵ʲôҶƽİ칫ңһҶƽϵһҶǺá
ʯҶƽصͬ־ˣɣǰʡͬ־Ҳڰʡֳͬˡ
ҶƽǿЦ˵ģʯĻæ˵Ҷǣڰʡʱչأǵò
Ҷƽһ˵ڰʱң
ʯһٿȫʡ飬ʱΪȽʹҷֹ̨ܽ콱ʱչ֣
Ҷƽһϸһ££ʯֵϸڵǼǲ̫ˣȻ˵ˣصʱǽȽأ벻ȥˣѾǽֳˡ
ʯ룬ôȥˣŻϸֳȴ˵ΪȰίҵνֳҷǳˡ
ҶƽЦ㵣ν˲ˣ
ʯˣǳл͸λ쵼ҵΣһȫʡĽ
Ҷƽ˵ͷ˵ͬ־Ҳ֪пĿģʡĽ˽ǿʡĿ꣬ͨչͿƼٽȫʡķչҪýʹѧ߲ȱһ鶼ж̰壬ȺڵϴҪѧѵ⣬ѧѲϲѧǽԴ⣬Ⱥܴ׶԰ȱʧȺ׶԰Ľ֧ȴѧ󣬲Ҫⷽ´󹦷нѧҪʡĳĻƷλһٴ룬һûƷζؼǿдѧòãеĳбһѧǣȻȫѧǰѴѧˣеķչһܴĹףĹǶҪǿͬ־Ӻذ
ҶƽĻʯʵǵ˵Ҷǣڻ㹤ʱ䳤Ի˽϶࣬Ǵѧ飬Ҹ㲻ðϾҲûʲôôѧҴѧҲнֹܡ
Ҷƽ֪ѧ鲻һ˵£ҪʡίʡĹͬŬҪûȺ⣬ֻҪⷽĹãǾӹΰڴѧ棬ЭþͿˡ
ҶƽʯŷڻԼ뷨ֻûҪ쵼֧֣չȥڵߵνҶƽ֧֣žͿȥˡ
Ҷƽʯ̸˻ʯȥεˣϱ׼ʱ䣬ȥһ¹Ƚ깤֮ȥʡΡ
ʯеϱŵҲܵæصʡӹȵصʱǱѾ֪ϰʡˡ
ʡί֯Ѿί֯ȥ˵绰Ѱʡ齲ˣǲ֪ʯȻˡ
˵ôͻȻͿأҲ̫˸е˼ˡһɲͻȻһԾϵɲ̫ټˣʯʲôʺˣˣ
ЦӲû뵽ˣ浽ô£
ʯصȥί쵼㱨ʱί쵼۾ҲȫˣؽӴվӭʯһԾϾȻԽļˡ
ʯֳԺҪʯˣϲ㰡ί쵼ʯЦ
ʯæ˵ˣҲû뵽ʡǱ߻Ϊ̫ˡ
ί쵼Цð֮ϲףˣԺ󳣻
ί쵼ʯ˵ףصĻʯеͦжģʲôҪ˵ˣڰ˵ǳˣ˭´Ϊѻ
ʯί쵼˸ίгΪУϾˣȻǵʡ˭֪ʲôҪ֪ڰʡʡίҶƽҶƽŸķչأʯ˵лΪǾˣԲСﰡ
ʯصӹļöʾףصˣʵͳɼ͸ôﵽɲĵλˣ컯ŪˣһֱڴɲǻһԾΪɲҲʱˡ
ʯн깤֮󣬾ʡʱûйΪһڣͨˣ϶ҪȥģԼȲæһ֮˵
ˣûȫĵͶ뵽ȥһ˵˰԰оͶ뵽ȥõǰĹкôġ


1623 Ժ
ʯ˰ʡʽˣϱΣҶƽ֮ǰרź̸˻һЩϵҪʯ֪Ҷƽ˼֮ͰҶƽҪнĸȰѻץá
׾ΪۿʯΣͷȻǷǳģҪʯڽɲȥӶɲһڡ
ʯ˽ԺҲ֪׾ΪǾĶոչ֪׾ڹʱܳʱûܴڲ֮ռŰ׾һЩ飬֪Ҷƽӽϲһ˲֧ڴʱ̫ãֻҪһЩϽҶƽϣҶƽġ
һ£ʯרҶƽ㱨һιһҪƻŪõĽĸԲߣһʵе⣬˴ӣ߿϶޷ִȥģѰ׾Ҷƽһ¡
ʯ֮ҶƽȡĻ㱨ͬʱҲȡ԰׾ķӳҶƽ԰׾һֱ߸ϣĸɲᣬƽʱİ׾ǴĹʸ̬Ͷ֮䶼һָʹӣͥǳĺãô֪伲ࣿô֪ϰյĺѧѵ⣿ʹ֪ˣҲûܣȥ
˵˽ֻᰴͰȥһЩƴȥǰ׾λġ
ʯһѰ׾˳Ҷƽͬ־һ㱨ܺãȻ׾ľڽϣôͲҪڽˣ㲻Ҫġ
Ҷƽı̬ʯԺ󣬱ǰϱйѰ׾ȥĲȥְ
ϱһ˵׾ϴξƸûоϣƽһ
Ҷƽüͷһ˵ἶļɺʣ
һҶƽһϱϸĿڵǻƽɣҶ㿴׾ƽʣ
ҶƽҿȥɣŮͬ־ȥʡ
Ⱥ壬ȻŮܶ죬ȥ˸ûʲôʵȨˣ׾ȥ˸ȻֻܵθϯϯελҲûʲôʵȨ԰׾ȥʵϾûʲôˡ
Ҷƽ֮ϱȥ£Ұ׾̸ó׾һҪʡθϯͷͲ⣬ȥʡϯȻԸȥֻȥθϯ̫Զˡ
׾ϱô£ϱֻСظҶƽӡ󲻺ãҶƽڣϽˣʵʵʡŰɡ
һ⻰׾ƵϲΪʲôûʲôԹΪʲôӡ󲻺ã
ϱ֪ҾðɣҶ˱Ƚ㿴Լȥ˽̫ǿˣⷽĲǲǣ
׾һ룬ôһ£Լһֱʡ﹤ʲô񰡣ӿԣǰ첻
û˻˵׾ֻñʡȥˣŮɲţҶƽһ򿴲ߣôƽǲˡ
Ѱ׾֮ʯڽվס˽ŸɲҶƽ֧ȻͲҶôˣʯܹԼ˼չ
ŴһϢǮָʹʡ·ԱԱһˣ׼Ūе飬漰ŵģйʱ
Ҷƽû뵽ôӣ˹ˣһʡίǸʲôͨͨ·Ҫ¶ģԵù鱨Ա̫˰ɣ
ҶƽֻɣŵȻҲлɵģֻǵ鵽ʱûе
ҶƽҲȥЩˣҲ¼ӣµйܣйܾͶԹҲˡ
Ҷƽʱ鲿˵绰һ¼£ԺְҪˡ
Ҷƽô鲿Ա͸׼ԺȥʡЭθϯҶƽһ⻰ʱһ£ҪԺˡ
鲿绰ĵ죬ԺҪʡЭθϯ¾ʹˣһ飬һǳȣò˼飬ʡίǵʡЭθϯְҲ̫޷˰ɣ
ʱ鲿ѾԺ̸˻ľԺһͷ֪ʲôζһΣȻ
Ӿǻ֮ͿʼƲ֡Ȼ˵鲿ˣתˣʵΪʡίҪתڵĻӦǵʡЭϯΪɲȻȴʡЭϯǲͷڽְλ
̸ã鲿ְԺʡЭϯʡίһְʱûҲҪҶƽ
ʡίǵѡҶƽʱҲڿţ˭أʸʡίǵģĪ֯ˣϱΪ֯۴ķ浣ʡίǶȽϺʡ
ֻϱ֮ǰһֱڰʡ֯ȻϱԼǱϹϾʡίǣһЩŤùάʡίǾͺˡ
άϱ򣬶Űϱ֯һְʱǻᣬϱʡίǣϱ֯һְȻǲܵˡ
ϱ򲻵֯ͿԼŵĹ˵֯ȥҪϱʡίǡ֧ϱʡίǣϱ֧ȻͻҲһջ
ϱʡίԺҶƽϱİ࣬֯һŮͬ־Ůͬ־֯Ůͬ־ߺεһЩǳεˣ֯ûбʵˡ
ԺʡЭϯһºְϱΰʡίǣΰʡίί
Ժ󣬰ʡίίٿίᣬȷΰʡί֯ϱ򿴵ԼʡίǣͷȻǷǳ˵ģȻ˵ʡίֻЭʡίǹܾ帺ĳһĹʡίǵĵλܸߣԭֻǳίȴǸǣǿͬնģͷȻʮָ˵ġ
Ҳ֪ܵʡί뿪Ҷƽ֧֣ûҶƽ֧֣϶ʡίǣԴ֪ģԵʡίԺ󣬾ԲԺǰҶƽȥĻǺͿˣҶƽʡıֻҪЭҶƽģҶƽǲǵģһʶʡίǸ֤ԺҪӷҶƽ쵼ˡ


1624 Ժ̸
ԺɥʡЭİ칫ʡЭѾаˣûг칫ҵţһԼİ칫ңǰŹ飬ϯȥμһˢһ´ڸС
ʡЭƽʱûж飬Щס쵼ϲϯˢһ´ڸУͬʱҲ˸еˡ
Ժȴû飬ʡίǵʡЭϯ̫ˡڿְԭȻҲʶһ㣬ҿ϶Ը϶ܾùٵλˣһǲᶯģнҵˣʱеͷ飬ͣ顣
ߵλȻȫû֧ŵģԭֻһũĺӣѧûʲôıһһܶڵĵλֻǵٴίʱûйϵɱҪˣ˳һҪĹϵҪˡ
ȻҲ쵼ȻҲڲźܺãڴ˼ʹϵڹٳˮͬʱڹҲԼĶ⣬ȡ˲ٵĳɼ
ֻڼͥȴûдãһ̰ţС꣬ѵʱ޸ģʱûеϹ٣ֻũһСԱŵʱĺƯһ㣬ŵ۹Աã׼һֻǱŹɣѵʱ򣬲˷Լ޸һֱŵҪԭ
쵼λʱһЩ̰Կʼ¶ˣϲ˼ҵϲϰ帶Ǯ·ûٴ¡
ֻԼ̰ˣû뵽һӶ̰ܵܣһܵǻ˾ӲŪٴί֯һܵѧһЩŪίĸǣⶼҪģûа취ֻøܸܵţһ˵õȮˣ˵ķ顣
ŵĵܵܶŪ˴ɲӾ͸ڻˣѾʡίѧˣһʱ֮䣬˰ʡȨ塣
ԺȻ֧żһ˹٣Ƿ˲ƣȴĸ˱ȽϿ̣ûΪıȡʲô˽˸е֣顣
ԺһӵˣҲ֪ԼһʲôˡְȻûжȡʩѾܵⱳķˡ
֮Իľ棬ҶƽźܴĹϵҶƽ־棬ΪʡίǣһСɲôⱻã
ȻûʲôΥΥ͵Ҳǲ£ҶƽҲûа취Ըְȴ޷鴦ȻȻΪԼʲô£Լ
뵽ԺҪöԿ׼ˣøùͬˣðڸʱҲǸܵΣˣΪ൱ǱְϹְ
ϱʡί֮Ժ빧ȴٳûȥ£ϣϱ绰ʡίһˡ
֪ʲô飬ԺæȥʡίԺʡίԺ֮󣬾ȥϱڶ˶н飬߽ϱİ칫ʱϱǳĿ
ϯ̸һ顣ϱذԺӭӽ֮˵
ǣʲô˵ԺڶԴϱǳˣΪϱʡίˣڵĵλȴǷ˱仯
ϱһۣ˵ϯҴʡί̸ʡίӳԶٴ˾ƳܸһٶԪֽʡί㣬֪鲻֪飡
һϱ仰Ժһ˱ˣԶøǮ£ǲ֪ģ֪ĹϵܺãΪͨԼԼùϵ
Ժһ£˵ǣҲԶ⣬֯ϿԴû
ϱһı飬˶˵ʡί㣬㱾ھû⣿û⣿ϣʵ̹֯ף㣬ļ˶кôġ
Ժû뵽ϱʡί飬ڵˣɫ̱ǣһ䣬ʡίôңиʡЭϯʡɲʡίҰɣ
Ժһ£Ϊл룬ǸʡɲҪ鴦Ҳ£ʡίȨ鴦ģϱʡί̸ⱳûȨ֪һ¡
ԺʣϱϯֻشûоͿˣûУǾͽ̸
Ժһ֪˵ʲôˣͷһ˵ûУܹ꣬ҴһũĶӳɳΪĸ߼쵼ɲҲ֪ģҲȥִҲҶ⣬ܽԸԴ˳еһΣȷʵ֪˱˵ǮʡίԴ˲ŵĻȥ顣
ϱԶڲʡίһɲΪʲôǮ㲻𣿡
ԺףǿҵȨϸԶǮĲ֪飬֪߲ΪְɣںԶ࣬Ҳںңٴʱͷϲʴɲû뵽ԶǮҲǸеʹļס
Ժ֣ϱеҲûʲô˵ˣ˵ȻǺðɣһʡί㱨ģҪԶ룬ԶҪʡί棬Эӵ£ûʲôɣ
Ժ̴Ȼûʲô⣬֯ˣȻҪ֯һȫǵԶࡣ
̸껰֮ϱԺˣԺԺϱȥҶƽ㱨¡ҶƽԺ̸ģͬʱ밲Ժ̸ġ
Ժʲô̬ȣҶƽϱ
ϱ˵̬Լ⣬Զ˵֪飬Ҳû̸ʲô
ҶƽһµڽԶһٶѵһҲ֪ԶʲôееȨģڿĻᣬˣǾͲҪˣɡ
ϱһʱһеԺһοҪˣʡίǳΪмķʵ̫ˣԵ˴ԺǧܸܰȻҩûеĳԵġ
ϱ룬ĹˣҶƽֱԺ̸Բʡί̸̸ˣҲˣھͿδԺˣҶƽҲֻزĶҪмίˡ
ϱĹ㱨֮ҶƽרŸ쵼˵绰Ժڵ̬ͱ֣쵼󣬵ͷʱҲû˵ʲôͺҶƽ˵绰


1625 
мίרĵؽפ˰ʡҶƽ֮󣬱ǾԺְͣ飬˵⣬Ժʡί֪֮ͨʡίԺžмίԱڱѧԺʵʩ˫棬顣
Ժû뵽ô죬һʱ֮ʮֵĻţȻǿ򶨣Ը䣬ԼЩ飬˶֪һȥ֮ŵܵҲ˫ˣ֮ܵ£ûΥҼͣһȥǽˡ
ɢԺһȥ󣬹ûʱҲǽˣԺ䣬мίڵ֮ƽ˾أԺܵ˷ɵĳʹ
ôһ£ȻʡһӰ죬ǣԺȱʡЭ˸ϯԺڰʡĵλѾԵɵĶǺܴ
ҶƽԺ鴦֮רٿʡɲᣬһЩͬ־ҲμӣڻͨԺܵ鴦飬Ա׷ױʾ֧鴦ܷԺûκε
ôһ鴦ԺɵӰͺܿˣΪͳһ˴ҵ˼룬ԺȻڰʡŲСӰ죬һͨҾò鴦ʵҲڱ˵Ժлڲ鴦ûʲôġ
Ժı鴦Ҷƽһ˰ʡڵһЩ⣬СҶƽʱҲֲ̬֧鴦Ժ˭ҲԸԺ֮ʲôǣˡ
ҶƽרŰ֯й֯ϵ£֯Ҫ˵ίϵĲģô֯ǹģҪҪҪִֹε顣
Ҷƽһ£ҪȫʡĸɲһҪй̬ȲĸɲȫָɲΥΥɵģ̽ɼί鴦һҪͨ֯ϵĹɲµ⡣
ڸɲڵһҪǣֻҪģܴ˹Σ̬ΣܲӦµĸλҪٵֻܸƽĸλҲ˵ֻϲ£ɲֻߣߡ
˼ĸɲԽԽ࣬ԽԽðţ֯ų˺ܶ⣬λӾô֪࣬˲УǻҪһЩλⲻԲڹ
ȻΪУŵĸλȽϲǱϾҲһλλĸµĸλ˵һҪһҪǲɻȱģһЩ̬Ȳõ˵Ҫ쵼Բʡ
Ҳʶ⣬ҶƽǶԴид֪˹ǳƽӹ˺ܲ⣬ǰ컹Ҫһְλֻ֯뷽跨ţź󣬹ǸӣռéӲʺ
ǴӽԺҶƽŸıϣٳɲʺλ̬ûʲôȡĵģҪȥְ񣬲ְͬĵ쵼ɲֱӱͨİԱȲְͬ쵼ְҲְͬķ쵼ְ񣬸乤ͱ֣ӦĹ
Ҷƽ飬֮󣬸еҶƽϾĺܴ֯ſҪȫȥʵˡ
ƽʡһʡί֯ӳ˵ϰ࣬һЩۣһ쵼ɲĸɲǲҪ뵽һҶƽ˵
Ҷƽһ˵飿ÿΪһͣ㰲ȥһ£ʵְְΰţʡһ£ƵĹְݰŵӦôףֻҪúù쵼ɲеķҲ룡
ҶƽĻ˵ͷΪץ
һڸɲµĹ涨ɣʡίίо֮·ǲûй涨֮ǰôҪй涨СҶƽ˵
ҲǴӦȥ֮ǰŲͷµع涨ֹ涨˵ͷһݣͷ˿ҲǸе֣뵽ʱô£᲻ʲôⰡ
¿ܻӰ쵽һЩ뷨Լˣ˻˵лûˣ֮󣬸ϲȥˣǻʲôɴʲôҲˣܻ
룬ôԼְֱʶµУҪ־ģΪһʱִ
ݺĻ֮󣬱㽻Ҷƽ鿴Ҷƽ޸˼ն壬ȻõʡίίϽۡ
Ҷƽڻ˽ͣȥǵĸɲԴһɲһǣɲκεԹԣǰһɲʵְųһְɲһӵԹԣΪʡίѿʲô̬ʡί֮ҪһˣΪλûɳʲôɼǻԸɵ˵·Ӱ쵽ǵҵչҪ㣬ô㣿Ϊҵ쵼ɲˣҪԶ쵼ɲݣ֯ϱҪһ쵼ְ񣬲ȻҪЩɲĵȼ̫ǿΪģǵǸ˵С棬֯Ĵ棬ǾҪƶһµĹ涨⣬һЩ˵Ȩ뷨ɲпǴɲпܱɿƼɲȫı֣ȥе˰ѵλŪһ㣬ʵڸɲȥˣ֯Űߣǵְֻô£ǻҪλȥһ֣λһЩ˵ΪģΪûе䣬ø˼ҰŹһžͱҪ䰲ְͬĸλһ׶˰ΪʲôҿҪԭǵ˼¾ɣȼ̫ǿûн˼룬ʵǣǴڿʼҪҪ󣬽˼룬ʵǣˣ˭ʺڵĹλ˵ҵĸŹܸɺã֯ҵǸȥɡԭλɻĸɲǾͼְٰͬĸλǵĸλ޵ģҲǺܱģǲһԱֲѵٻǵҵԣҪƶµع涨ִУ
ҶƽĽ֮󣬶ʱеǳֻǲ֪ôִУĻȻʡɲˣãҶƽΪ⣬ҲпҶƽ㱨ǵְ񣬲пְܽʹãµĹ涨Ȼ¸ɲģҲʡίίǸеΣ
ڱµĹ涨ʱҶͶ޳ƱΪ˭Ҳ÷ԣҶƽĺеǲܲͬ⡣


1626 丱
ʡίίῪԺµĹ涨ͨˣ·ȫʡأĸɲһһеܽţתһ룬涨ʵʩ飬Ϊ˭˭£׿˭ɵĺ˭ɵĻҲ޷涨ʲô
Щ˵ĵһĵЩλĳɼ޷ģһλ쵼ʲôڵλĹ̬ôʱ䳤ǿ˽⵽ģһ쵼ڵλͷ£ȺڵĮģ̬ԱôܿȻλɼһʱֻҪһ쵼ƽʱЩжʺϲʺϱλĹˡ
ڹ涨·˶ΪֻһԵĹ涨øεĸɲʩѹǣúøɻ涨ź
Ұѹ涨һıӣֻǷŻ˵ģ˭֪涨ո·ûа£Ӿˡ
䵽ʡʤϡʤ˺öĲһֱλӣԹʼ÷ɧҾһЩҵϰһԳԺȺȣƽʱϰ߾ߣߣǵʱϱһֱûдӦûеطʤһõλŵĵλʤԸ⣬õĵλֲܣֻڲͷȸš
һΣ˽һʤ飬Ͼ͸ʤڲͷȫһˣһûа취ʤߣٰһܸɵĸ
Ļ֮㰲ȥʤһʤʲôˡ֪ʡί֯ʤΪǲʡίҪˣǼػ׼ʱϰ࣬ʱѾûʲôˡ
ȥ˿˰죬óǣͬ־ڹɢʤְλе
϶ҪģǻҪִµĹ涨ڿԺ󣬿о齫ʤΪһҵĸ
һ飬඼һӸΪһڱλͷðɣ
˾⣬ǵʤûзʲôӦôأλԷ쵼ְţҲǰһѲԱķ쵼ְλ
һ飬˵޹ǹʤѾʤ쵼ɲְˣµĹ涨бҪΪ쵼ɲڴλҲʮҪʱΣ˲θ쵼ְ֮ҪڲΪҪʵµĹ涨ҪƾɵĹҪʤ˵⣬ܴƾɵĹڱλλϸɲסԴְܽܣΪǸɲ´һͷʡίµĹ涨濼⡣
һ˵ˣ൱˵ͬŲƶµĹ涨Ҫƾɹ˼룬γɸɲµ÷Χܼɲܾû쵼֮ǰȵ֮󣬾ΪɵĺøɵĲһӣʧȥȡˣرƫĸɲԼ;ˣôƴʲôǿʼΥҼͣǰһѣǲˣٴֻҪɲãͿԸ㽵ְһ˭ҲúùҾһõİ취
ིҲܺãƵƵͷ˵ٲĺܺãǾô죬ǲͷóȻύʡί
һʣһҪʡίίɣ
ǵһθµĹ涨ԱʤǸְбҪʡίίоһ¡
˵˵ͷȻͰѲȱҶƽҶƽһĻ㱨źܺãֳɲµľϳίоһ£ͳһһ´ҵ˼롣
ͰύʡίίϣһĻ㱨ȻҲǸеЩ벻֯һȫκˣֱӰʤӸΪȲһĴ󰡣ʤ֪ˣʲô룿
һ㱨֮ҶƽʵŲĻ㱨ʲô뷨Խһһ¡
ʡС˵ʤͬ־ʶ˵Ҳǲģôֵز󣬲ϾһֱӽΪǲҪһʤ˵ĸܣ
Сίȴһʱû˵Ҷƽ֮˵ƺԻҪǵɲ˵˼仯ɲ֯ϵĵԲλϰָ࣬壬˼ڿǳأǲܰѸɲͬһȺڣԸɲҪҪߣͨȺڳ򹤣úøɻܻᱻ۹ʣˣʲôʱ۹ɲĹʺʹǣѾ˰ɣһ¸ɲְ񣬻ҪȥʲôأҪʵµĹ涨ɲڵ⣬ӸɲĻµλвԸµһЩ˲ӱûڸɲγɾӱҵһЩɲƽʱʵ£ȴܻоˣڰڲԼ£˸£ĸɲôУòܸɵĸɲȻγһֳ̬ʱһãɲҲͻˣһʼ϶ܣ뵱˸ܽ𣿵ǲҲҪܣΪǸɲԸ⵱ɲԴְǿԵģ֯ϲΪְŲȷģͰ
ҶƽһСԵòÿ˵ҶǵĻҲΪǿԵģΪǽĵλθȽϺãڱλְʤ˵Ϊһ裬ûְˣ
СҶƽڻһ⣬ı˹⣬ԼҲй⣬Ϊְһ裬ڱλ룬ڵλ۵ĸְһûʲôߵ֣֮ܰ㲻Ҫæʤ͵ȻͬǹһģֻҪŬڸλӸɵĹڸλϸɵĹҪǲǣҪֹУȼȨǱҪҪ˼룬תǵ·ߺ͸ɲһԵķչ
Ҷƽһڳί׷׵ͷСҲ˵ʲôˡ


1627 
ʡίίһʤӸɸľͨˣൽʡʱʤѾˣǲǲţЩģԼõĸѵһҲ̫Ц˰ɣȻʡͷµĹ涨ҲʹҲȥθ
˸ԺôɰǴûй£
ʤʵֵ֣֣ϰ칫ξ֪ͨٿᣬϻظɲμӣڻǸȻҲҪμӵġ
ʤʰ칫ʲô£ʲôҪ𣿰칫һֵһۣЦЦʲôҲֻ֪֪ͨԱᡣ
ʤ񲻶ԣʵǲǹڵְ⣿Ҫ֪˵˵Ҳ޷޷Ǳְʲô˵ġ
ʤ칫֪ⲻĻĵľԼĸء칫ʵѾ֪ʤְϢˣҪκ˵ʡί֯Ҫû֮ǰö͸¶Ϣ
ʱʤһʣֻһ£ʤ˵ЦĲ֪㹤ôãʡί϶ãôְأ
ƨʡίҪˣȵʱҲǿ͸ˣҲûʲô˼ôŪôŪɣʤ֪칫ۣǰ칫βʵҲûа취ַֻһɧ
칫ЦЦ߳ʤİ칫ңʤеϲʵ˭֪꣬ɵ湤ԱԭҲûʲô꣬ʡίһѲԱְλ˾Ӷ߾ˣ˭뵽ʡίȻ̨µĹ涨һײǹˣ˵ʵڲѰ
ȵʮ㣬ϸɲҲμӻ飬ʤҲˣڻ᳡ĵһţϯ̨ŵʡί֯쵼Լĸɲ֪ʲô£ʡί֯ˣ²ⲻɲģɲġ
ǽ쿴ൽұΪɲӶ࣬ΪֻǿɲûбҪһλͿԿɲ
࣬Աߣ̬ҲԵú֮ǰûй֪֮ʤʲôӦʲô뷨
ֻŰʤûŰʤְû뵽ʡίİţʵҲǳԤˡ
ʤȻǳᣬϾͬţϻҪȥʡίʤθһӽڲ棬ô붼Ťʤ棬Ҳеټʤǽʵˣ־ýвڣ̫ʤˡ
ʤ˸ιԤ㴦֪£ҲǻеȽϼ֡õİ취ʤԺϰˣȻ˵ûݵ䣬ҲԲϰˣҶеˣҸøﻹ
ͷţžͿʼˣֻ飬ɤӣһĽţȻ˵ͬ־ǣǿʼᣬ죬ٲһ˵ҵӭٲһе
ʡί֯쵼ȻҪʮӣʲôģҪӴˣôҹƻӭһ⻰̹ʤ֣ȴûȵһ䣬Ұַ£Ҳַˡ
ϯ̨ϣɨ˼ۣҲʤһ£Ǻܼ޵ģʤθףһ仰˵ˣΰ˵壬ôҽܲ⣬֮ǰ񣬲˵һˣʤеѿһΪʤûк̨˸ˣ˿ҲʲôˣҲΪʤ͸ôӸΪΪҺʤһģԺҲпܻ־档
Ҫôת˼УȻµĹ涨ͳһ˹涨ˣڴҿӵģԱҪŤתҵ˼ôְ֪λߵͣΪ˹þҪְɺ˿¹涨ľʵʡ
棬ҵӭٲʡίҪͻȻ˵ǻһڣ͸оԼһʱЩʧԣôôҹƻӭأգô˵ģȻʱĸɲҪҹƻӭԲǰⲻǲ
һ룬ϯ̨ϣҲǲͷһۣҲǾĲʣϷղϣⲻŪɻ𣬵Ѿˣղȥˡ
һ룬ֻÿ˵ͬ־ǣٿϸɲᣬҪʵʡί¹涨ľԴ¹涨ļ̨Ժȫʡ¶ѧϰʶ¶Ǹɲ齨ش壬ǵĸɲϰڸɲϲ£˿ƳҪ˴ҪͲܵ˴ƳƳְ񣬶ΪȺڷģʺϸ֯ϲɴʺϸɴ֯ϲɿƳ㲻ʺϸɲأܲȥɴҪ˵⣬ڹȥ֯һȥίίǴڣӲίǴɲõ˵˲õİɣڵʱû˻òԣʲôԹԣǵĸɲܲʡί̨¹涨ĳԡ
ЩɲӦеĸλˣȴܽǸʹҲҪƽҪ쵼ְ񣬰Ÿ쵼ְ񶼻ԹԣôӰ쵽ǵĹΪһ˶ǵҵ͹𣿿϶ǲܵģǲܵչҪҪʱҵľǵĹҵԱҪѲʵǰλĸɲҪ£ܴһʱת䲻˹ֻҪȷԣֻǸ˵Ľ˵ʧ˵һСǾϰΪʲô˼ˣʡίҪϣǲÿһλɲȷ⣬ʶ¹涨ǰʡĸش塣
ˣһʡίʤͬ־ʡίίоʤͬ־ٵʡ鸱һְΪʡԤ㴦
һʱѻȸˢˢؿǰʤոϢ̫ǸеˣĻʤˣӸΪȷشأ
ʤʱϵļⶼţƨձȻԤϵл룬ֻȥĸһְ֮ٸλӣֻҪƽ治̫ѿû뵽ϢȻģʡίһ涼û


1628 ʤı̬
ʤϺһһ˿Ŀ⣬ӵĸеܣվȥĻǲʡίʡίӣʡίԲӣԲҲʡίӣˣֻǿһǿ򶨡
ϯ̨ϣҲװƽӹȥһۣ˵ʡίʤͬ־ΪʡԤ㴦ҪǵΣǽְʹãְʹãֻЩشˣʤͬ־ûзʲôصĴֻǸʡί֯Ŀ죬ٵβһְڹȥʵβһְôǾӦĸְ񣬻߷쵼ְҲ˵ʹʺϵڵְҲҪռһ쵼ְλӣγһָɲϲµĲһЩְλƽӹռݣȥҲ£ӹ£ʵִеУûеõʵֻһֿںţڲһˣƶµĹ涨㲻ʺڼĸλ֯ϲԵְλһ԰ְƵְλǸɲԣһЩĸɲӱ֯ϰ㵽һĸλһĸɲΪȥɲȻɲ£ܽʡίڵҪ
ܻʣø߼ɲɵͼɲҲռ˵ͼɲְλʣôʵĺܺãѸ߼ɲɵͼɲ˵һݣڵͼɲʤβˣôҲռ˼ҵͼɲλӣҪͣ֯Ϊ㲻ʵ쵼ɲô֯ϾͿ԰㳹ְһûְͨԱǵǰʡίƶ¹涨ĺĺ壬ϣǲͬ־ƣϣʤͬ־ȷԴʡίľʡίҶǷǳע飬ΪǿһͷҪ᳹ȥԺ󻹻иĲְĸɲȥȫʡγɸɲ£׷ҸϵĸɲΧΪʵǰʡķܶĿŬ
꣬᳡ʱˣʡίǶˣȻ˵ǽǵΣʵʲǽ𣿶ҲֻήһΣʤڸλȻʤΣôпܴӸλ½ֱΪԱΪֹˣԺĸ쵼ɲиһи͸㽵ְܶĶһҹ֮Ϳʧȥɵѹ̫ˣ쵼ɲҪɻԲʤúù³
һԭʤϰģһôһˣʤϰ࣬ôʤ൱ڸλҲʤβˣǾǻҪ½ˣʱ˰Աǿɾ͸Ϊѿˡ
ʡίΪ¼ɲĸɲڵĸλϸɵıȽϳɫ֣λӵĻԻָΪڵְλζпܵģҲ˸ɲ£Ҳ˵£ϣµĹ涨˵ֻ£ϣǾǴʡίͼҪȷ⡣һƬְ֮һ£ҪʤһЩϣһӴֻҪʤڸλϸɺˣȫٸΪһΪ쵼ְȻݡ
һ˵ԱеΪֿԣǸ˻Ϊⲻʡίİ֮ʣרŰοʤģְѶ̫
ʤ⻰һ룬Ѿȫɥʧϣˣ뵽ԼʡίһиˣѸΪǲԸܵģȥԤ㴦ֱӻؼϵˣԤ㴦κιˣû뵽ղ˵ڸλϸɲãпܽΪԱĻ͸ˣԼһӻ쵽һҹ֮ٻصԱȻڰԱλݣǿɾǰæˡ
ţһлٻָԭְλǰǺúøɻѹɺáһ»صԭְλĻᡣ
һ꣬ʤҲܴ⼸֮ԻԼúùҪΪ;ܴ죬ٴܴ죬ˣ֪Դ۵ʱԴȻи㡣
ˣһͻȻλվٲܲ˵仰
ʤͻȻôһ˵ԵúܽţΪʤƲסԼ淢һЩʡίĻôɵӰʹˣҲӰ첻ãæ˵˵˵¡
һʤվҪʱֶ²ʤҪʲôǲҪԿʡίľĻкϷˣʤôԸ⣬ҲʡίĻôʡίԲЭֿҪڸҡ
һʱ֮䣬᳡ռΪţͷҲ֪ʤὲʲôʤҲʡίһҪϴʡίʤְ겻ˡ
ʤһŵӣȴ˵Ҿ˵仰ҼʡίľҪҹȥĹ֣Ҹ˼ϵԭ򣬵ڸĸλûкܺõְӰ쵽ĹҲܻͬʱҲʡίģڴ̼֣ҶٲҵְһЩٲĻʡίƶɲ¹涨ش壬ΪһԱ쵼ɲҪֺ֧ͷʡίľҵĸλϹҶãȥĹ̬Ⱥ͹磬ʵж֧ʡί¹涨ִкʵʡίͷұ˵жɣҲǴһͨİԱһһģ֯ңҹ֯ҴڿʼʵжӦ֯ϵĺ٣ذԼĹá
ʤһӷĽı̬ôû뵽ģһΪ϶ԸʡίľӸҲ̫ˣôȥʤһ취뷨ְģû뵽ȻֱվʾʡίҪڵĸλ湤ֱ̫˸е˼ˡ
ʤĽͷȴǸеʤһˣʤһŶɽ𣬾ڼʱ̬࿴Ժʡί֯ͻעڸλϱֺõĻ˵ͻлˣڲ̬ȵºת֣ʡί֯δػ֪˰Ҽʹ֪ҲΪǱȵģΪ˲ٱΪԱ
ԣʤʡίʡίӣҲӣԹ᳹ʵʡίµĹ涨ǳкôʡίôܲأ


1629 µĿ
ϯ̨ϣʤĽͷеղŵʤ֮ηӦӦңʡίĻȻǲõģʤվԼʡίԸڸĸλϺúù˼Ͳһˡ
ȵʤ껰֮ЦЦʤͬ־ղһܺõĽµĹ涨ÿһ˵˼УֻҪ˼ϵľ˭ܰĿǰĹãֻҪǰѹã±˳̬ΪӵǵĹλӣʤͬ־ʶһ㣬ǴҶΪһƣ
˵գȹҲŹʤվͻȻоһԺˣжԼվֱ̬һǳȷ£Ȼֿ϶Բ
£˵ͷңͷһͿʼ˵죬ٲʡίҪǽʡί¹涨ش壬ʤһܺõı̬ҪһѧϰʡίĹ涨ѧϰٲĽ£һԹΪأͷҲҪ᳹ʵʡί¹涨һЩģãҪµĹ涨񣬽ΪԱͷʼܸɿϸɻɵͬ־Ҫ۵ڹϣǷڸλϣֻҪǼһ㣬µĹ涨ͻͷʵʩʡίģȺڿǵĹ飬ˣҾͽЩ
һ̵ĽҲɢˣ߳᳡룬ͻȻתʤȥʤһʱڻ᳡ûߣߵʤǰֵʤͬ־úùʡί֯עġ
ʤס֣ЩмصллٲҵĹػһڵĹġ
˵ͷʤ֮뿪ʤı̬Ҫٸʤһϣʤֺˣôͻ𵽱ã¹涨˳ʵʩ𵽲Сƶá
صʡί֯һ֪㽫еԼİ칫ص칫һûдǵİ칫ҡ
һ࣬еʵٲô˳˳
Ц˳ǳ˳Ҷû뵽ŲôţʤվʾʡίҪڸλϰѹãûκų
ʤôߣе㲻ŵӡ
ҸоΪϣΪڽϣʾֻҪúùлָԭְλģҲʡί˼ڻϽˣ֮󣬱Ȼ˲Żվʾʡίİɡ
󣬵ͷ˵ǶԴɲֲһӴֻҪµĹλ˳ɼǵȥĹףԸָԭְλҲµı֣µĹλҲֲãǿ϶ٻָԭְλģʹٽ˸ɲʱʱ־裬и
ĻͷɵĲ˶еܸˡºȥҶƽ㱨£Ҷƽڰ칫Ļ㱨ҲǺܸ˵˵Щ͹Ǹɲľˣƶ¹涨ʱ˵ΥԣʵУ˶ߵģߵģǲԵģۻŲٵгⲻϱ֤˻䷢չģһɲһֱߵģߵģмŷϱ֤ǲԲΪɣΪֻϲµĸɲ绤ʤΪһʡί֯ʱ̹עˣһڸλϵıֺ֣ˣߵѲԱôҿһǵ¹涨˹涨ʵʵڵع˵Ĺ涨һЩ˵ְͬʱҲʱ̹עǣֻҪǺúñ֣Ǻܶģȫƶ¹涨γһõ˷Χ
ҶƽĻµĹ涨һµӣͷӦʤøȻҪڸĸλûȥֻǱϴӦʵȴв湤Ȼûκλˡ
Ҷƽ˵飬ᵽһ飬ǾʡʳƷҩƷල־ֳ־⣬־浣ʡʳƷҩƷල־ֳѾ꣬갲ʡ˺öʳƷҩƷ⣬عͣжкʳƷʳһֱûʲôΪڼȻҪʵµĹ涨Ҫһϻƶ־ˡ
һ㱨Ҷƽһ˵ᵽܺãʳƷҩƷǴҷǳע飬жкʳƷڵһЩҩƷҲڲٵ⣬ʳּܲйأ־Ϊֳûܸ飬ͲλϣôǾֻ֮󣬰ʲôְλ㿼һ¡
ʤǸǸ־ҪͰΪֻҪڱλŻǰŵⵥλƽһָʾ
ҶƽͷһµʤλţھҪƸɲг¾ɵĹٿǹ࣬ʱҪչǵ棬ʱ룬ʲôҲˣǻҪ˼룬ͻƾɵ򣬴󵨸ĸֻҪǵĸɲˣ׵öࡣ
ҶƽôľģȻʲôҲ˵ˣͷʵҶƽָʾ־ȥ־ɲһ֣ҪȥҪùͻȻͰȥˣĻ𷴶Եġ
֮ҶƽҲһ⣬ɲ£ںףȽѣֻҪ̬ȼӲӲȥܹﵽĿĵġ
ʤڴ֮ǰҶΪʤ϶ܣΪӸΪ̫ˣһ˶ܲ˵ģʤܽǱȽܣʤҲԱν£һ˵£˭˳ۣ˭ȥ
뷨ɲǵĹҪһɲְҪиоݣñְķڷǲ׽ӰȥһɲĹĻ˹涨ˡ
ˣҪ봦־⣬Ҫʡί֯óʵĲ֤־ѾʺְλˣҪ֤óҪ־汾ϿɣҪʡίĳί־ȷʵǲʺʡʳֵľֳһְˣô˳ȥ־汾˻᲻ʤһܣǾȲˣܣҲдİ취ܡ
һΰһһְֽ˵һܴĴ٣ʤְѾ˺䶯ˣٰ־ˣǿɸһ䶯Եˡ


1630 ʳ
ʤһԼҲû뵽ԭĬĬŵһӳýϾ౨Ķ֮ǰȻΪ֪˺٣Ͼһ֣űʱ򲻻ֱӱý忪ʼȻشҵǱְ顣
¶˵һǳõ飬֮ǰǷǳųŭģȻǳˣǺתһ룬ʡίԿ϶ûкùӳԣת̬ȣ̬ʡί
ڣýɷ̬ûתĻ϶Ҫܾģ뵽Լܲɷã̬ȣ˵кܶôġ
Ե߹ɷʱͽ˲ɷã߾Ӹɸʲôܣʤ٩٩̸˵Ӹڱ˿ְ񽵵ˣֻǹ˶ѣмûʲô̫ĲͬǹҲǹ˵ĹͱȵĹ״󣬸ĹҲҪֻ֣зֹͬûеλߵͣԭڸĸλûֳļֵʡίȥθڸλֳֵôʲôأʡί̨µĹ涨ǴӸɲ齨ĳԶǴȫʡչҵĴֳľÿһԱɲҪӣԾִСԼĸְλ»һֺܺõ
ʤڽܲɷʱְʡί¹涨ڹˣ˵߰ƪһ˺ܶ˵ע⡣ںܶ˵ǵ뷨ǣʤʱһƵĺܣûϰ࣬һҲ֪˼ʤ˰࣬һֺܺãֺܺãһڽýɷʱ˵Լܣǳ޳ɺϿʡίµĹ涨
ƪЩ˾;Щ٣ʡίݳģǼٵģʤʵܣʵһǲԸġ
Щ˾Ͷ϶Եʮϣѵ˼ҽְֽͲʵ
ʱ־űϿ򱨵򱨵ʱڰ칫濴ֽһͷЦˣʤһ˼ѡٳ˹Ӱ۵ĻʤĪˡ
־ͷţʤһɵϣʡίְˣĴý˵жôԸ⣬ⲻв𣿽ְ㻹Ը⣬ɵʲô
־һ߿űֽһߺŲ裬Եʮգʡί̨µĹ涨µĹ涨̨Ǿͷѧϰûѧϰ¹涨ʡί˵ģ˭˵ʲôΥʹ󣬸ȥˣᵱҪͻȻһɲְˡ
֪ʤǲǵ˭ˣȻʡί˵һƷʤǵùһ뷨ȥһʡ쵼ԼΪƷ
־ڰ칫ͷʱ򣬰칫ͻȻ߽˵ʡί֯绰˵ҪĹ֪ô¡
ͻȻʡί֯Ҫ˿﹤־ȻҲûԤϵ˵ʱףҲǰ꿼ˣôҪ칤˵ʲô𣿡
칫εûнֻǸǹ죬׼ˡ
־һʱԣ˵ѵǾͷε񣿡
칫ε˵ž֪𣿡
ͷҪ־Ϊһ֣Ӧ֪ģֵƼ֮֪°ѵ˵ͷֳвɲʡί֯ϵˣʡίֱ֯ӹˣ
ӣ־滹ǲˣʡί֯ĹϵȴǲǶ𾴰ѵ˵˰ǱȽŽӳԱģҪгѰӳԱ֮Ĺϵúܽš
־룬㼱æŰ칫Σص׼ȽӴһҪãʡί֯쵼ǶҪʹһСԱãһҪдˡ
־̰ȥҲ룬һ»㱨׼֪ʡί֯ˣʲôˣֳ˭ҪһΪã֯ɲְж͡
֪ͨʡί֯ˣ־Ϊ֯ɲǴȵʡί֯˵ʱ֣Ȼˡ
ʡί֯ݹ٣ǿʧԶӭ־ĸҵæӭӣܵǰ˷ܵصٲԴݹˣ
־ڵӣ൭˵žֳ㲻ôŲģʳֵİӽΪĿ죬Ҫ鷳ˣ
־æ˵ٲ鷳أԵǾָǸе˻أٲָʾ
־Ӧϼ쵼һףʵ²ɣͻĸɲǲ٣ҲǼʶˣĻֱ˵ˣȥңȡǾ쵼ӵְ棡
һ־ǰӣ˾Ļң쵼ӳԱ˻ҡǶʡί֯ͻȻҲǸеܾȣ֪ʲô£ţʡί֯ˣֲʡίˣӦǺ°ɣ֪һͷᣬָ㣬ʡί֯쵼ǰһ£˵лλˡ
ȵң˻ңǵǰʱһʡί֯ǳ񸱲ˣǴ°ƽʱĲǴƳģʲôʱʳֿˣ
쵼ӳԱͷ룬º󣬿һۣһıֱͷĺͣ·ҲܹʣͷеЦڵĸɲ뷨ŪøֳƵġ
ֻŪɹваԴȺϰΰǹؼȻٹ֯žͻῴ
һ£û˵ʲô־ͷְ棬ȻӳԱһһְ档
ְһ칫׼ģȻ׼ʱЩ̣дҲǱȽϺã־ϿڣɸС
ְ涼·ģһֻüͷļţһһЩʵԵݡ
־аСʱ쵼ӳԱöЩ˯־ƽʱҲϲᣬ˼ʡί֯죬Ҳûˣûʡί֯쵼ͷ𣿷Щһ£ȻʱǸ˱һºòãҪǰռʱ䲻ǽ
Сʱ־ڽˣһ


1631 ȷ
־һ꣬쵼ӳԱҲʼʡί֯ˣǿ϶ҪһȻ׼æһҲɷҲǴ۽硣
쵼ӵְ棬־һĹţ͸һҪҾĸɲ̸׼Ա̸
־ҪټЩˣѵλȡԱ̸־һеͬȥ̸̸֯Ǿ˭̸Ƕյģ̸׶һǲʲôģȴ˵ҪȡԱ̸еãҪڿǰĻô죿
־һ룬ȻеãˣܲӣͷԼԼеˣΪǴûй飬ǵλĿĵʲôأ
־ʱû뵽ʡί֯ҪˣڿʤЦأĻ뵽ֵԼ쵼ɲʡίɵץġ
־̸ң̸ֳ־̰źãźԺ̸ǿʼˡ
ȡȲýаţ־֪λ˭ȥԵȡԱʱҪȥ̸ͰŰ칫θ࣬˵˽ûϰ࣬ˣ칫ΰķԸȥ߿顣㱨࣬һ֪ô£͸־棬ҹҲҪ
־һûа취ˣҪ氡⵽ҪʲôǰӰʱͻȻ쵼ӣһѵ˵ҪԱ
ˣʡί֯ҪԱ޷ǵλ쵼ӳԱ֮⣬ʡί֯ôƸһס
뵽־濪ʼ뵽ԼǲҪˣΪھﵣξֳˣʱ˵˵Ҳ̣ʡί֯ҲпܵģǰĶأǵλ˴Э仹ûе˶ߵ䣬ֱӽ˴ЭЩɣ
־˰죬ֻǸȥ̸ֻǰʱںˣ̸֮ǰ־רŰѴҵ칫ңúõ̸һ̸ڿǰ˵˵쵼ӵĺûЩǼҳ󲻿άһ
Ǹظ˵û⣬һڿǰ˵ûģžֳڿǰѳɼ
־æƸҪ˵ʲôɼֻҪ˵ͿˣҲǨֻҪƽƽͿˣԴҶãĸǰɣÿ˶άλ
־Ǹ˰칤ȥ̸ڵλ־ĻǴͷϲûٸ鷳ڿ鵽ȥ̸ֻʿһ£ô˶˵˵û
˰칤Ǹ˾ȥ˿̸һʣ˾ϲ˵˾һЩ飬ӾĹ쵼ӳԱ࣬ÿ鶼ûļ
̸Ҳʮӣ̸˰Сʱûг־һＱˣС׼˵ĻˣȻôʱ䣿ҪʲôɼҲҪֻҪȥӦһ³ͿˣڻûгһСûĻڿǰˡ
־Ĳᣬȵڴӿķʱ̽˹ʵô£һЩʲô˱ظž֣ҽĶǳɼرǽǾɵЩ£Ա˶͵Űٳ߸ͷһɡ
һ˵־еԼǰ˵˵ˣ֪϶ģҲûзˣͻˡ
ȡԱ̸˲⣬ǻвΪ־˵û˵ЩƽʱȽ־ĹգʱȻҪΪ־˵ûˡ
̸һ磬һ磬̸ֻǹһ֣⻹ʳ濴һЩϣȡŷõĲϣԱʳֵĹһȫ˽⡣
ʳŪ룬ģʱ䲻õģ˰죬ʳֵˣ־湤ĵһֲϡ
Դ־浱ʳ־ֳԺȫʡѾʳƷȫ¹ˣȻǵطϳֵ¹ʣΪʡʳ־ֳΪ飬˵ҲһΣǷ¹ʺ󣬻ûǣΪ˺ܻжΣ˵˲٣Ǿǲʵ£˵ʬλزͣӹġ
յЩ֮󣬾˻㱨֮Ҷƽ㱨Ҷƽ˿֮˵־ĸɲһЩˣй޹Խͻ٣ʹʱûʲôҲ¶˼ᵼµģھҪʬλز͵ĸɲȥʳƷܹϵҲϵȶ־治úùӦ£ҪΪͣʳܾ֮⣬һЩҪļܵλҲҪһһһɵôɵĲãһһЩɲˡ
̴Ӧ˵ԺǾȥһЩλֻҪ濼죬һЩɲͻֳԭεģԭʽҪĹ
Ҷƽ˵òǰǵĿʽˣ治ʣԼǱЩɲ뷨ģֻڵĳɼû֣ܾʹΪûʲôɼͬȻһ˿ȥ˲ٵ飬ǲһЩ̣ҲҪֻ֣ǲȷۣͬʱһЩʬλز͵˸ͷ־̸̸ʡίͼΪҲҪʤһܡ
Ϻ̸̸껰Ǿϳίɡ
Ҷƽ̸ϳίᣬһ־汾˵̬Σͷҡ
ӦȻˣǻûк־̸־ʱأ̸֪ʲô̬ȣʤһ̬Ȼã̬Ȳãһô죿
룬һ䣬Ҷƽһ˵̬Ȳãǻϣ̬ܺһЩʤһĽܣǵĸɲҪʡίľ֯ԭӣǻмɵġ
ҶƽľĻǺܴȥԺ󣬱㰲˴绰֪ͨ־浽ʡί̸֯
ʱ־Ȼ֪ʡί֯ͼһӵʡί֯ĵ绰ͷɣǲҪְˣȥĶ˵ʵڵģﻹûеֳأʳֵȨСƽʱĺôǲٵģˣȥõĵλ˵ǲĵλǿǲˡ


1632 Ҫ¥
ӵʡί֯ĵ绰֮־һӵĺǰʡί֯ʡί֯־İ칫ң΢΢һЦ
һ߹һˮæһлл
΢Цӣ־Ǻ»ǻ£쵼ЦпǺ£Ҳпǻ£Цǰࡣ
Ųҹһʲôɣ֮󣬶˶ӣ־˿ڣЩȡ˼
ֱӣЦɫžֳʡίµĹ涨Ǿ֯ѧϰ𣿡
ͻȻ֮⣬־еЩ⧲ΪûеõκεϢͷҲû֯ѧϰļ˵شûѧϰ϶ǲеġ
־ǰ̽̽æ˵ѧϰˣѧϰˣµĹ涨ʡίƶĺܺãѧϰˡ
شɫһ˵ǿǾ￼ʱôûп֯ѧϰļ¼žֳ˵һҪʵǣҶ˵ɣ
־еѾð˺գôˣôͻȻ鰡ʡͷȻ·֪ͨҪѧϰʱû⣬ֻôѧҪѧϰˣ˭֪֯ʵ顣
Ųѧģûмѧϰûл¼־æ͵
ѧʡίҪѧϰôѧѧЧ𣿡
־ѧЧԣҲѧģʶ̡
̲סЦһ£˵˵˵ʲôʶɣ
־һһʱãȻ룬˵˵ǣϣӹ£Ҫռλӡ
־˴˵ҪռλӲʺתһ룬Ů֯˵ŹۣĿڵҪռλӲɻӰ쵽˼ɡ
֮󣬵ͷžֳѧĲϾ˼һֱǵĸɲϲ£ֻߣߣɶˣֻҪȥǽˣԣھҪ״ʤͬ־һˣʤͬ־ȻܣΪ˱ʣ˵ǰɣ
һ˵ʤǱʵĻ־һ壬˴ӸΪܲɷõ˵ͣһҲҪˣⲻǶʲô
ͷȻ룬־ȴ˵ǣʤһͬ־ǶҪѧϰ
ﰵЦ˵žֳ⻰˵̫ˣҪѧϰѧϰ־µľ񣬶ԲԣǿɲҪѧϰ֮ǰľ֮ǰڲܲ鸡ܹʶֻҪܸлġ
˵־ͻȻʶ˵ʤʲô˵¸ʲôй
־ؿʱҲû˵žֳ˵Һ˵һ飬㵣ʳֳ˰ɣȫʡûٷʳƷҩƷȫ¹ʣʡίû׷ΣǸԭµİɣڣµĹ涨̨ڹƽӹֳµһЩλˣʡίҪ𲽳ʵµĴʩ֯ȥǵλ룬˲ǵλְձ鷴ӳڹϲ˼ȡ淴ӳĹǣ˵ʧְǹֹǿǿ϶ģʡίҪ쵼ͬ־Һ̸ȥʳ־ֳһְ
һ˵־еԼסˣ˰ҪְְֻὫְҪʤһɣ
־Ȼ뵽飬ոڳЦʤ䵽ʤһǿɾͲˣæʵŲʡίҪҵְΪһԱ쵼ɲҪ֯ϰţһ˲ٹģ֯ϰ֮ҵ﹤
һ˵žֳҰѻ˵갡֮ʡίǾڲҵĴʡίµľ񡣡
־һ½ŲУҵְǲȥʲôҲ
һ־淴ӳô뻹Ҷƽȼ֮ǰ־̸ȻʡίίῪԺʡίʡίȨ
־ЩЩŹһһͷ˳ȥ־žֳ㲻Ҫϣܱ侲
־Ųû侲Ǿֳһ֣ȥҽܲˣݣҲȥ
̬ȣ鲻˵㲻ݵ䣬ҲܸˣְҪʡίľھǴֵȼϵĹϲµǱһԱ쵼ɲû㻹ǵԱ쵼ɲȥúÿǿǡ
־һ⻰һҵĸо˵ŲʡίҪ쵼˵˵飬ҲȥҪҵͣˣ
־һʱ֮ӹİ칫ǰһɵˣôָɲ֮ǰôûз֣˵ӻ˰ɣΪȻ¹
һʱ־ص־棬Ǹʲô
־˵Ųˣ֪ҹûãҲڱΪɣҵгس˶ŵλӰһһصǰһͻ˰ҪǲӦңҡ
־ͻȻԱߵĴڵİ칫¥һæˣͬʱһѳȥקס־棬־棬ʲôлú˵
ʱæ˽һ⸱һæһ䣬ȻҲȥקס־档
־סĿ򣬷Ҫɣʱ¥æܹһӰ죬ҲŻˣĴǹŵģ־ûü򿪴קסˣһ࣬Ͱ־קˡ
־۾·ιȥһ̰˰־͵ҽԺ۲죬ģˡ
æһͨ־汻͵ʡҽԺȥˣҲ˹ʵôˣ־ôҪ¥
һʱ˵ûˣʲô˰ǵĸ߼ɲ˵´ȥˣΪְλ£ʲô˸񶼲Ҫˣ¹Ҫ¥ֱ̫ˣ
ྪȵص¹ģû뵽һˣܵʳֵľֳ޹ֻʳƷȫ¹ʡ
֪̾»ôճҵƽһ£ƽô⣬˵ڵĸɲôˣֻϲˣ۹ְСһֹΪΪʲôԣͲˣ
Ҳ̾ǹߵģôܻ


1633 ίо
̾˵Ż˵ԺȥҶƽ㱨£¸̫ˣ־ôһˣߵڵĸλ˭֮
ȥҶƽİ칫ңҶƽһ־ȻΪµǹ¥Ҳǿ۽磬ԳԵʵ⡭־Ȼ£أ
͵ҽԺˣģʲô£ҽԺˣ㿴ô־ЦС£ؼһôչ
Ҷƽһ룬˵ȥо仰ʲôţݺӬˣЦһ־赲ǵĲҪҪǲ˵ȻתǵҵȻǰӰֺ˵Ҷĳˣ飬̫ݣǵ棬Ҳ£Ҳˣ˭ˣһ˶ңôһ֣ɣٿί飬о־⣬һҪȥְһȥʣһȥļʳƷȫ¹ʵûйأúõزһ飬ȻԼܲ˽ְĽôһ£ӦܵģȻǼίԲð참ˡ
ҶƽҶƽ涨ϵļǿģҲǵģΪһ֣һʲôҲˣһ־Ҫ;İ
ƽǺã׼һصĲϳίᣬԣھߣŴһģ־̫ˣȫûΪ쵼ɲ˸ͿЦ֪ʱ¥вҵģʱ̫ңҲûжǷ룬Сδ¥أ˵
Ҷƽ˰ϧԼȨλô᲻ϧԼҿܿΪвģҲõʲôˣִµĹ涨
˵ͷŷʼ֪ͨίǽᣬίǲ֪Ǻ£æʡίԺίңȵ˻һʣ֪¡
ίǲɵҲǸ̾Ȼ£֯͸ɲ̸̸ĸɲȻȥ¥·ˣʡ¶ΪЦԺ᲻ΪЧµĶ󰡣
ȵίǵ˻֮ҶƽҲ߹ˣҿ࣬Ҷƽ֪º϶ǳԲٿεĳί飬ĿĺԣΪ˴¡
Ҷƽ֮󣬱ǿڽҿ˵˰־ʡίԺҪ¥ҪѰѰһɲȻ־ٶ˵ڹǵİ칫淢£ԭĸɲ¥ɱģٲİ칫ﰡٲ̸飬Ҳȥ¥ɣϸ¥ҲԭģΪ̸ȻҪҪְʵµĹ涨Ҫȥٲ¹ٲҪȥ¥вٲʲôΪǳ޷ⰡǸλӾôҪҪһȰˣĺܺõˣڲˣΪȰ¥ҵǺͬ飬֧֣һôҪִ¹涨ˣȴûбĻɣ̰Ȩλֻ̨ϣ£ĸɲǹϣĸɲǺܱģ
Ҷƽֵ࣬٩˵ô䣬ôˣ벻־滹¹ľͷ־û˸񵽼ˣְְֲǲбҪôʵˣǲһʱ̼ܵˣ뵱귶оپй־˵أ
ίͷ뷨־ǲǷˣĳˣʡ޺÷Ц˵Ҷǣ־ǲǵ֣᲻ʳˣʳˣǲҪԺ
Ҷƽ˴޺÷һ˵ʡ⻰˵û񾭳⣬ҪоԺôҲԭòãѿ־һоһ¶Ĵ
ʼ־濼һ£֮󣬾־ʳֳܾǲôְֲҶƽҪͣ£ֻ־淴Ӧ̫ǿңȻ¹¥Ūʵ̫˸е˼ˡ
˵־˵־ôһҵĽȥľְֳ񣬸ʳֵĴʱҾô̸ģֳ̬ȻԸֽôҪôͬҪҪôǼ˷Ӧ᲻ʲô⣿ǲҪüίͬ־һְڼû⣿ʳƷȫ¹ƵǲҪеΣЩҪǵĵط
һС˵й־Ȼе־ڹȷʵһ⣬λͬ־ôӦȻ᲻ˣ淢ʲô¼ǲҪһλͬ־һ˼תĻᣬôʹɣý˵ʱǻҪһ˵ģȻϲãôһҶԼλίǿǣ
Сһίǵ۾ʱһСǺܽģԸ⿴־Ϊ񾭲ˣ¥ɱʲôġʴȰ
Сȥǳʴȣ˵ʱҲϸһĿ˵ҶƽһﲻһµĹ涨ʡί쵼Ҳδͳһ˼룬űҪִ涨ûΪûдֻںŵģҪʵ涨һЩԱеǳѿǻһٵԼͷϡ
СΪ־˵ͼһڵĽžֳʤոձְȻʤʾȫʡίڴҿ϶һܺõ£Ժ᲻
ԣз涨˴ڣҶƽô涨ͻͬˣСΪ־潲֪ģĲⲻ֧涨أ
Ҷƽһ룬С껰֮Ŀ⿴᳡˵ղСʡһ飬˵һЩܸϾɱøɲΣȻ⻰СʡûֱӽҲˣ⣬Ҳûпǹɲ˳⣬类鴦ˣˣ̰ۼʮ򣬼ϰպܿɺǣشǣǿǲʮ⣬ǸЩͨĶǲһģڹпǺøɲøףɷҲһദˣǵߵͬ·£ǻеϧһѣΪӦá֮£ΪʲôҪǣһǹҷɣ͵棬һΪɵƻԵģϾֳģƻǹҷȣƻǿŵģǲܲʣɷչȥôǾͲһ˸ƻ⣬ǻķӦһ罽״̬Ļͻᶯ亦ʣʱҪҪ˵壿ؼʱ˵廹˼


1634 
ҶƽһСüͷ˵ˣҶƽʱӲֻЭ̵Ҷƽ̸飬Ҷƽ֮ìܶ
ʱ飬һǾҶƽЩңһǾһ½飬Ỻһ¾棬ôҾζԸߵĽ
ҶƽһԭˣһЩκòڸɲϣ˲ôԺûٸˣ£Ĺ涨ҪִС
ίԺ󣬷׷ͷ飬²СҶƽ֮飬СĻ񲻷Ҷƽ·ӣ᲻֮ʲôìܰ
Ҷƽ껰֮󣬹ά˵ԸɲʴȣĽܿǺ˸ɲҶǵĹΪˣʱǱҪϸҪɲԸɲһЩ鴦ֻϸγɷĸɲʡί־е飬ƾٲǰ¹¥£Υ˵ͣҪЮʡίԸʡίⲻΥʲôҽ̶־飬ڲְ⣬ҪΥ͵⡣
άʱ˻ұʶ־鷳ˣ֮ǰְְֻڿҪԼίˡ
Ҷƽ˵֮˵ǵܺã־ΪҲһΥΪûʲô˵ˣǻᱣ־汾˵һЩȨǶĴΪҪദСʡϣϣ⡣
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ҶƽСʡ⻰˵ĶԣɲȷҪһܵḶ́ǲһĴɲĻ֮ģΪֵͷϣֻǾʶúùͻ䵽ǵͷϣʱһãǾͻӦˣ
ʡίҦЦ˵ĻԺԱְ᲻ԽԽడΪ⵱Ҳǲôøˣ
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Ҷƽһ᳡ͷ̱þĵģû˵ʲôˣ󣬳ίȥ־ľֳһְʡί־飬ΪʲôҪ¥¹ԼȫʡԵʳƷȫûʧְΪ
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ڸʡҽԺ绰Ժȥʡʳ֣־ְһ£ǲ־μˣŪʲô࣬Դ绰Ժ󣬱̰ȥʡίָһֳֹ
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ʡҽԺ֮־һ˵ʡίԱװ˵ͷ۲ܣԸҽԺʡίԱҽҽ˵ûʲô£װġ
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־һʡίʵҸʲô岻ܡ
ʣʡίԱȥ֪ˣʲôҽ֪һͲҪװˣߡ
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־һְʹ޵ûʲô󰡣Ϊʲôң
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һʡίԱҪ侯־һӲˣ˵ߣҸߣһҪƴҡ
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ʡίάά룬»־̸һ̸һΪʲô칫ǰЩٶһʳûʧְ
»ӵԺ󣬾ȥ־档־ʶ»һ˵ǣҪʲô
»ĵؿһ˵Լ֪㲻ڸЩһ־𣿡
־֮󣬵ͷ˵֪ãûȥ룬һõɲҪΪԭλϰ࣬˭Ҳܲ˰
»ôܲˣ㲻ҲǴӴ𣿶һҪӾֳλʱô죿㲻ݣ𣿡
־Ƿɹ涨ûа취ǰұְûзɹ涨˵ǲǣ
»ߵ浳Ҳܹ㣬¹涨㲻ǲ֪ΪʲôԸִУܺúùĻ𣿲ԼȴǶԿ֯Щ̬㲻ö𣿡
־̾Ƕˣ׶ˣֳҲûˣǼίңҲˡ
»־棬Ҹ㣬㲻ڼίǰҪҪģﲻٲİ칫ңԸݵ̨Ҫ⽻淴˼ԼûУ
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1635 󿼺
־ڰʡڴΪЦ̸öڳЦĳ̬Ϊ˹λϧȥ֯¹¥вֱ伫ˡ
Ϊһ쵼ɲֱֳ̬޷˵ˣΪ˵ٰʲô˸ˡȻ˻ûʸȥЦ˼־棬䵽ϵʱܴ֮ܲȻ̹Ȼܣ
ʡͷĸɲһڳЦ־ΪͬʱҲ˿ʼµĹ涨ǲǾ˹涨ǰѸɲˣĻ־ô¹򰡣ô¥Ҷƽʡί¹涨Ǻɲˡ
ЩܿǴҶƽĶҶƽ֮󲻽ɲ±ǿ͹۹ɣʲôֻϲ£ôУϱ֤һЩɲŵϸɲţǲеġ
Ȼϴϰһ룬һ涨ʵˣΪڴҶ²У̫ɲˣ־涼Ҫ¥¹ܲ˸еռϷ磬ôͻúܴ󣬵ºܶ޷ȥˣҶƽеҪһЩʲôҪһЩɲĻ룬ֻһںŵĻ롣
ҪЩ룬Ҫ֤־¹¥ԲΪ£ǻԭˣ뵽ѹάйúòһ־飬һûΥΥ͵£УһҪ
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ܾùά뵽ʡί棬һʡίǸеţһԶذ־֮佻ȫ˳Ϊ־һٶԪ档
һ֪άȥ־棬֤ݣ־ֻõͷԼڵгֳڼܻߵ־汻Ѹ˫档
־汻˫һ˳ȥ̸е־¹涨ĻͲˣڳ˴ˡ
⵱ȻһЩ˵뷨ʵֻҪ־ΥΥ͵ɣһᱩ¶ʹ־ٻαװҲлᱻ¶һ죬нҵ϶ǲеģǴ뷨Ҳ¶ģ־Ȼ϶Ҫйġ
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Ҷƽʡίίһȫ濼˵⣬᳣ίһƬĬƺҶƽ̫ˣŪøɲĲȵģСһ˵Ҷǣ¹涨ʵǲ֮ܲӰ쵽ǵĹҽ黹ƽΪá
С˷ʱ淴ԣһǳԸԭԸ̫ңһҶƽ󲻺ճˣҪʱվ֤ȼ֮
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Ҷƽûκεò̬Ⱥܼı̬˵֮󣬴޺÷֧Ҷǵʡֱŵĸ˽һδ󿼺ˣ԰־˸Ƴûһε¹涨־ǿĿ𣿴˲Ǻ˸񣬶һһܷӣ˵ʡίûһЩɲԭΣܼƽţԾȫʡĸɲźش壬ֶ֧ȫʡĸɲһδ󿼺ˣ
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ʡѧڵ֪֮󣬸еʳѰΪ֪ڹλûʲôɼϵͳ֮ǰֳ飬ʱʡͷȻд󿼺ˣԸеͨͨпְܱĻͻеѿ䵽Ǹʱеѿڼ취
ѧȥһ⣬һʼʡί˾ӶߣˣȥίθѲԱȥʡ˴ʡЭθְֻҪܱסڵļУתһ룬ʡίҪĻʡίĶô죿Ļʡίͬ˾Ӷ߽飬뷽跨Կʡί¹涨һ룬̫ˣ־¥¹Ŀ졣
ȥѧһ⣬רȥй֣ȥҾֳԱѩԱѩͻȻ֪ҪйӲ칤һʱе֣ǻ׼
ѧй֣ԾĹӲ죬ԱѩĹ˳ֵĿ϶˵ԱѩĹȣץΰ洴õľ飬ȫʡϵͳӦԱѩͬ־ѧϰ
ѧɵ˵ĿеĹԱѩеЩ죬Ϊ֮ǰѧɴûֱ̬ˣѧǲʲôĿģȴ޷ʲôĿġ


1636 ԱѩҪ
ȵӲ깤ѧɰԱѩеһߵ˵ԱѩרԼ̸ȻǱȽӣǲʲôҪԼ
˾һԱѩѧЦЦ˵ѩֳ˰ɣ
ԱѩЦˣʲôָʾ;˵ɡ
ѧЦЦҲûʲôָʾֻ죬֮󣬸Ĺ˺ܴɫǴڹĺܺãʡίҶǵͣҲеΪ㽾û㣬ʡĹͻܱ˵ǲǣ԰ҶǳмǸг湫ְֳƽģΪҪָǾĹҸеڵĹˮƽȫһ̨ף
һѧ˵⻰ԱѩеĪˣѧҪʲôأʲôĿأ֣
ʲôˮƽ쵼ĺãоֿ϶Ҫʡģ˵ǲǣҪʲôҪԸһհ죬ᲵӵģԱѩЦ˵
ѧɺǺһЦѩֳ̫ǫˣҾȫҵλӰ˵ǲǣ
Աѩһ⻰ﶸȻһѧǲ̽ûҰİ뿴ûλӣϾҶƽĹϵǣѧֵҲģȴֱ̽ѵʲôˣ
ⲻɷʸλӣǲǶˣԱѩûҪȥܵڵĹֳͲˡԱѩֱӱ̬
ѧȴ˵ѩ˵⻰ǷĵģڵλӣҲʡίƼҵλӣ
ԱѩѧɵףСҪʲôģ˵ôϣһͣɣúõģͻȻʲôͰ֮ǰȫûκװǲʲôı̽Լ뷨ʲôĿأ
ῪЦĺúõģͻȻ˵ҪƼΪⲻŻҿûеҰģ⻰˵̫Ҹеˣˣ¾ֱ˵ûµĻĲԷɣԱѩվ׼ȥѧ̸֮
ѧȴæ£˵ѩûҵ˼Ϊں˵ЦǰɣģˣеˣƼһܸɵĹİ࣬ǹҵƼаԼҲȡֻԼȡ²ܳɹϣȥȡһ£ȻأʡίƼ㣬㿴вУ
ѧɵĻԱѩסˣѧɽ˵µģֲ˳ԼĹĿԭ⣿ΪʲôԼûʲô飬һЩƼԼȥ
ⱳԭʲôأԱѩһʱ벻ͨ˵ûȥͱ˵ˣòãֻɺҵĹֳ
ԱѩţѧЩˣ˵ѩôأƼȥһʱ֮ǾڵĹ۲죬ʹһְ㲻ȥȡǾ̫ϧˣ֧㵱ȫǳڹϵĿǣ֪ܻɣûʲôɻɣҺòã
ѧɼеףԱѩĲòˣûҲûôУֳ͵ʵһģΪھɲˣ˹ֻǵ˹֮пŪϸʡʲôģѧһֱûŪϣΪĹôԲŻӡ
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ѧԱѩ̸˻̸ԺѧɱˡȵԺԱѩúõһ⣬ѧͻȻ˵Щ£ûԵɵģȻԵʲôȴǲ֪ѵʲô鷳ˣ˵ʲôõȥ֮ǰ£ԼԼΪӰˣ֪ԼҶƽ֮Ĺϵְͨ취Ҷƽʾã
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˳ôһ˼·Աѩ֪ôˣҶƽ㱨һ£һҶƽô롣
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ԱѩЦĹڻԣϵ˳ˣҲûʲôɽң
ҶƽһЦõģ׵ܷʵʰ֧еĹ˵ҹƻҲŹ
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Ҷƽһ㶣˵ҸҾ𣿱ѩ￴ҾˣҸˣ
ԱѩЦΪӵ˾ȨʱһͲо֮ģ׸ܣֻ˵ԣ
Ҷƽһͷ˵ҲԣұҪȨʱ̱־֮ģȨ£Ҳ£һֱ£ҾͱҪʱ̾裬ȷȨķƫƣģڵͷأʱûƫƵ򣡡
ԱѩǺһЦֻǺ㿪Цģɱ棬ںѣר㣡
ҶƽЦھҵںѰҲҪںѣҲ˷ң˷һЩȷľڸµ飬Ҳ֪ģŲСЩͷۣ
Աѩһ˵ʤ־ȫˣһƴʾԼӣһ¹¥ģզ°
ԱѩĻҶƽ˵Ūмģ̬ȣһ̬ЩѰ죬Ի˸еͷۣ


1637 ֵÿ϶
ԱѩҶƽ˵⼸仰űᵽѧƼ顣Ҷƽ֮󣬵ȻҲǸе⣬˵ѧɣôͻȻƼ㵱ˣټ
Աѩǰҹ㣬˽
Ҷƽüͷһ壬һ룬˵ȷʵǲ뵱ˣҵ㣬һϢأ
Աѩ˼ǰϢݸңȻҴݸǰɣ
ҶƽûǲҪʡֱŽд󿼺ѧɻе˻ǰ˳쵼λתλȥͲýܿˣ㿴ô
ԱѩʱȻԭֲأƽô죿
Ҷƽһ˵ղ˵ĺãҪ־֮ģԼԣӵоȨҲҪǵһЩ쵼ɲǺһʲôίܽܣʲô඼ܳԣǷ˶డеʱòһһ²㲻ѣ֪ѧĿĻƫԸھԸ˰ɣιɣ
Աѩû뵽Ҷƽֱô̬ˣ˵ƽҿû뵱˼㲻ҪҰ
ҶƽЦ̸֮ʲôᰡ㵱˼ˣֻѧﵣְ񣬲ðţԸóλӣϲʱһЩдڵ⣬úһ¹飬ιʣȽϸѧɾͲˣϹһ㿴ò
ҶƽĻԱѩ룬˵ƽҵι㲻±˵ʲô𣿡
Ҷƽ±˵ʲô±˵֮ţҥԶڣֻҪͿˣ㲻ҪģѧרƼ㣬Ҳ˳ˮۣôֻҪԸⵣְ񣬶һܸɺþˣͷͷ㱨£ְþͬɣ
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ƽģô죬Ҿô졣ԱѩӦ
Ҷƽͷͷҿѧɵı֣һʡֱش󿼺ˣвٵĸɲֱ䶯ʹƼ㣬ĹһְҲҲлᵱģҪλȫŮ࣬ش󰡣
Աѩصص˵ͷܵһʡеĹֳѾˣҪȷʵǺټϾͨĹԱ鲻һŮ첻٣ŮֳŮǲٮٮˡ
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ҶƽЦøɲϰҺã˵ǲǰɲˣϰտܾͲˣңͶˣǶңͺñһλͷְǶ˵λǺ쵼ίһ飬λ̰˲ǮνĺòǾְһģڸΥΥʵ˵λְϰջʲôʱ򶼲ϰָżǵĵߡ
ԱѩЦ˵ùٲøɲʳѰ»ֻĳ
ҶƽʲôٲǲһЩ֮ͽ˵Щ鱾þˣ˵ֻǱģҪ裬ľôֻĳִֻг̶Ȳһѣ㵱֮Ҫٸɲ飬ûһֶǲеģײף
ԱѩЦףûֶΣԵĳǹˣĴȲƱأ
Ҷƽ˵û͸㿴־£ˣһȵȶûУ˾ݵĻᣬԽΪ˹λֶεˣ㲻һһĻᣬ̫ˣֱһС󣡡
Աѩ־һʱ·ˣǱֳС󣬻вûбֳСΪ˵٣һֶε˿ɲֻ־һأ
Ҷƽ˵û֪мֻҪ֪ģһóѣЩ˰ѷƻˣ֯ŻϸֻҪвֶεˣٺҲãǵߡ
Աѩͷ˵ƽ˽ҪЩ˸ţǲǣԼҪ
ҶƽǺǵЦû˵ʲô
̸ԺҶƽȥͰ˹ѧҹ̸̸˵Ըⵣιˣʲô̬ȡ
ҶƽĻ֪ô£ҶƽˣȥִУܿͰѧ˹
ѧɿ֯뵽󿼺˵飬ǲȿ˹Ļǿǲˣոպʡ㱨Լ뷨ʡίԱѩʡί֯ôôˡ
ѧʡί֯棬̸Ĺѧɱ򵥻㱨һ£㱨֮һ룬ˣͬ־ܾʡίȥĹһְĸλȥ
һҶƽģѧĲԸⵣιˣѧ̸ҪĿ
ʡڽд󿼺ˣʱôԸⵣˣһʵ
ѧɵ뷨ˣһʱ뷨ģֻһֱûк֯˵Ҿٲ֯ͻӰ쵽ʡĹ󣬽игֳԱѩҵİ࣬ҵĸһ뷨Աѩͬ־ϸɣȻŮͬ־Ǹͬ־ܸɣҽιŲǡ
һѧɱֳ̬ȣһ£ԱѩҲˣҶƽˣѧƼԱѩӰ࣬ģԱѩҶƽʾأǳ
һ룬˵ҿȥǣʡίڽд󿼺ˣȲܵˣҪʡίԿǣɣȥʡίŰɣ⣬ȥ﹤
ѧһ룬˵ίʡ˴ʡЭԣҵ˾ӶˣһӹҲϢˣ
ˣˣͷʡίҪ쵼ͬ־㱨ҪһԸ˳쵼λƼɲΣֵÿ϶һʵʡίҪ쵼ͬ־㱨ġ˵ͷѧɵΪ˿϶
ѧһ˵صŲ鷳ˣ˹֪֮ɲӱÿһλ쵼ɲ


1638 鳤
ѧ̸˻֪ѧɾʲô˼ˣѧ̸껰ԺʡίҲ֯ϵѧжι¡
һѧжι¾ͶˣһʱûнеΪڴ󿼺֮ǰɲñΪѧǲ˺ţ֪ԼְܱǰתˣѧȻڹλϡ
ʡί鳤˾Ӷˣڴ󿼺˻ûпʼ֮ǰְˣʡЭεǣѾʮʡЭϯһʡЭϯԴ˵Ƿǳģʡˡ
ԴҶƽʡ֮һֱʡί鳤˵ҲԹûнκξ׵Уΰ칫֮뷽ϻǱȽϲģõҶƽϿɣĻҶƽʱҲͬʡЭϯ
һʸϵʡɲΪ鳤յĸϢܶ࣬λãλҲǳҪʱգҲǶҶƽǳˣǰҲҪҶƽʡίȫ֣ȻһЩҶƽЩγɴΪЩ˵ֱ˵ڣֻﷴԣȻﷴԱϷԸ£ֻҪҶƽȫʡĴ֣Щ˲Ϊǡ
뿪ʡί鳤λӣͷһҶƽҲǷǳľˣʱƼ鳤һְ
ʡί鳤ҪίģҲ˵Դ˾ͻʡɲСҶƽһЩʱգ÷λӡȻ˵һֱԼΪʡί鳤ܻܵһЩ˵ķ飬ǷĹǷǳϿɵģʱ򣬻Ϊʡί鳤ɡ
ҶƽʽƼΪʡίίܿоΰʡίίʡί鳤һְ
ΪһֱҶƽԱʡԱλӣҲǸеĳȣûҶƽһֱʶҲֻǽʡһɲٸˣȻȴǳΪһʡʡίίˣμӹʱû뵽顣
ʡί鳤ҶƽϴʱҲõΰʡί칫ΣɲСڴ֮ǰǱһСߣȻڱʱŴְƣϾûְ봦ûȣڲĹ򣬾͵ʡί칫ˣͬնˡ
ʡί鳤ֵʡί칫ΣҶƽʡȻɲ£һЩɲз飬ȴܵĳֿ϶ֽýǶԴ˴кãһһЩ˵ķ֮ǲҷˡ
ʡίĴ󿼺ڿʼţöʡֱظ˱Ҫδ󿼣һЩɼôĵλ˸е麦ˣûѧôǰв֣ƼӰˣֻҪƼ˽Ӱˣͣʡίôأ㹤ɼôռλӲûλӰ㣬ֻܸ㽵ְ
Щʡֱλĸ˵ͷϿʼϽʱʤͷ׸е뿪ˣʵ֮ǰ˵ЩΪ˱һ£Աʡίְ֯ܰٸָͷǷǳպްְԴӸɸ֮ȻΪ˱֣ÿ׼ʱ°࣬ûгٵ˹ͬϰˣͷ˰
ҵĴҲ˼ʹֻԼ취ҹɣͬһʼﳰЦʱһ˾ص˸ҲͲˣʤս봦ҵʱ򣬻ϰ߽ʤǣڲǸˣҪʲô
һֻóƺڵְ񣬽ʱһҾҲûʲôˣͿʼƺʤһЩԭˣȻֱӳƺͷЩζֲ˵ʲôΪڲǸˣִ󣬽һô
ͷͱжˣȴ֪ʡί֯ʲôʱٿıְָٰ֣ˣֻš
Ϊһùʡίó˵ͣ־ˣֻ־Ϊ̰ܻ߽ȥˣһĿǰһְɲֻһˣͷǲƽ⡣
ǵʡί󿼺˿ʼ󣬴ʶǶпܺһʱʤŰοһЩǲµˣȱְпְָܻ˿¾ˡ
ʡί󿼺µʱ䣬ʡί֯˿æˣһҶƽͱԹɱøʡί֯ӱư
ҶƽһЦ˵ǿɲҪſ£ǿҪʣȻ˼һ˵ʡί֯ĺϸ񲻺ϸ񰡣ѵʡίžͲְܱΪʲôְĶţ
һ˵˵ҲһڽĿɶŵĸˣ˼һ᲻˵ʡί
ҶƽǾµģ첻ãȻҪ޲ǣʡίŲ£Ҫƹܴ룬ƽʱ㿴мŵģ͹һʡίûи
⻰˵ůģʡί֯ûеʱڸˣҪǲԡ
ҶƽЦЦʵյмҪְʹõĸɲ
һ˵յʡֱŵĸҿҪְʹãһʡһʡ۾ֳԲһʡ¶
Ҷƽһ۾һ˵Ҫŵĸ˰˷ֱʲô
˵ʡڶȽأ쵼ӳԱһСȦӣ໥֮Ҷ¹ְ̱ܴҲ۷׷ףӰܲã֮ǰʡί֯Ҳ˽һЩû뵽ȥˣôأԵһҪְľʡ۾ֳԲڸλûκΪ۹ȥûʲôҪԣ¹صϰյճԲΪ۾ֳҲûʲô׷ˣ˼ȡ־Ƚ񡣶ʡ¶أȺڷӳҽڶ⣬ҪʡΪһЩĵҽԺʡûаȥ鴦ȺڷӳⲻŲʣЩǵ֪󣬾ó¶ҪҪΣΪôҪŵĸˣڹϲԴȺڷӳĮģĸɲҪԴǡ
һ⻰˵꣬Ҷƽͷŵĸ˵ȷ񻰣һڶһԱһԴȺĮ˵ĸɲǷЩλʲôãò𣬻ãǰܵǣһҲȥλȥҪ쵼ôУøǽְ


1639 
ʡԴʡί󿼺˿ʼ;òΪʮģΪ뼸ͣһֱ﹤Ǵģ֮ȡһɴһɵķͼƿؾ棬ڵԱڶң໥˭ҲûŽסˣӰ쵽Ҫ
ֹʡ쵼ѹҪעŽӳԱҪȣӰ쵽ϴӦĺúõģºȻվɣΪԼûа취ǿƵĺܣȨòˣǾ͸ƲˣֻʹһЩֶΣø֮ٶŪڹ໥ãʱĵö
ҺҶƽʱûаѾڷչزϣĻҶƽע⵽ˣö鶼Ҫʡ쵼ˣǲܶȥ£ôУûйԣ໥óƤҪ£
ʤ־£ͷһ£ϾԼŵ˽⣬֪ö鲻ʡίҪ󣬵ûãţʲô취ֻʡίעǣʲô¡
ʡί󿼺˵һʼ͸еΣΪ֪ͷӣʱһˣ˵Ŀǲ٣Ǽֱ϶ᳯ˵鷳ˡ
ʡί󿼺֮ǰټӳԱᣬߴʡί󿼺˵ҪԣôҸ߶Ҫ໥̧ӣҪ໥ӣȡ˳ͨʡίĴ󿼺ˡ˵Ȼ˵⣬ǴӦúõģһŽһͨʡί󿼺ˣȡóɼ
ǵȵʡίһʱϷ˱仯˴ʶ֪˵Ļô϶ܵɣ˵ԼӳԱĻʲô˼ⲻ˵ΪһֲŽڿԱǰ˵˲ĺûҴһ
˭֪һ̸ֵˣһָͷһãŽӳԱͷöĴ¶ˡ
һ˵ȻǴв죬ò˵ĸƵģȴ˵˲⣬̻عͷ̸
һĻ֪Ǽ쵰ﲻһˡ־棬ֻ˵ԼĿԣάŽᣬǼȥȫ֣Ḻ́ˡȫƵ˼ϣصذ˼һ
еӣ㰵пʼ飬һʲô㷢֣ͼ֮乴Ķǵ飬һͳױ¶ˣȻ󿼺˰
һֹǳ⣬ÿĹ˶ǿŻأַ˵ڵأˣѹΪͱҶƽûκġ
һͳͷһҪְĿˣֻʱ֪ʲôڵſЦ
ʡ۾ֳԲȫΪ˼ȡµڵϵггǶô氡˭ֲ֪ͣǸŪʡ۾ֵ˾ֳ۾ֳгǲ࣬ûȣ;ܴ죬Ȼʧȥ˽ȡ֮ģڵλΪȺڷӳⲻŲʣ֮£ְҲ˯գزˡ
ʡί󿼺һ뿼ˣǱ¶ˣԲƺΪ⣬ʡί󿼺Ҳû̫£ȫĻ䣬־ҪҪ뱣λ˵λƺ̫Ҫ
ʡ¶һʼʱҲΪģ֣ҽϵ̫ӣһȫһЩ飬Ǹ㲻ҩƷؿۣҽպҽƺĻһ״ĵطһ޷ıܿ˸ˮ֮ȫɥʧˣĹŪ߰㣬ûʲôΪˣʡί󿼺ˣҲ¶˳ʡίߡ
Ȼͬǹһǣ˽̫أһŸ˵ǵС˹֣Ҳʡί㱨ֻڵλڲüҳ԰ѵλŪȺڷǿҡ
˵浽Ҷƽ֮ҶƽûȽдãȰѧɵְˣǵѧѴҶƽһ£ֱӰѧɵʡ˴ˣڹˣѧҲԸȥʡ˴ٸʵʵĹˡ
ˣܿѧȥʡ˴󣬴һɶΪѧɵĿҲãھȻûְֻǵʡ˴Ȼûܵʲô̫Ӱ죬Щ˾͸оһЩģûʲô˵ģʡίܼʵµĹ涨
ѧɲٵιԺԱѩʡһְΪʡλһʱܵýĿ
ʡίίϣԱѩ˵϶Աѩй־ֳϵΪʡһְǺʵģѾͬ⣬ͬʡ
ί󣬶ʾͬԱѩҶƽйֳҶƽϵУҶƽΣͬʱѧҲƼԱѩΣ涼ͬίҲ޷ʲôˣοԱѩڵйֳڼĳɼĿãһܹˡ
ʡίίῪԺԱѩʽιµ;֮·
ѧƽ£ԱѩιʡֱŸ˲֪ԼΣͷڵȴķչ
ʱûãȱְʹãӹһΪһʡί֯һʱ򣬼˼ˣºˣͬ־˴ǵǿ쵼ˡ
ﶼܸܵЦ⣬ȻȥҲǺģʲôһĺܡ
ʡί֯һҰһĹһ򲻺ֹͣȻǷǳˣæʾʡίŪǳΡ
ʤ־ľ飬ڻϲκβıʾҲʾʡί֯ϰʲô͸ʲôһжָӣʡί֯κ鷳ʵʵط֯ԼĹ
ı̬ȻǸеȽ⣬ȥͺ㱨ˣ鷳һЩˣǱȽϴˡ


1640 ְ
ְʹãôָеʡίûִֹͣ¹涨˼֮ٳ֮У֪һֵ˭
Ҳûеȵ೤ʱ䣬ǳˣһεǸ۾ʡ۾ֱֳӴɲΪʡ۾ֵһСԱԱȻҲǴɲǷ쵼ְҲˣΪԲˣڹٳϵõˣȻʲô쵼ְأɴη쵼ְˣԾͳ
Բһӱ˷쵼ְ񣬶һֻǵԱúܶɲеʡίԽԽˣԴֻоҵҵڹϲ˿֮ˡ
Բְ̱һʱ֮ôҾñְǳ̬ˣ˿ʼЦ˵ɲ֮ĵһ仰ʣûУ˵챻ְûУһʱΪЦ̸
ҶƽҲ˵ͷЦЦҼһ䣬㱻ְûУǻ˵ѾȽܽˣɲǾͲٸκиȻڴֻǴ˵Цˣ˭仰ǲּɻ
ڴҿʼЦˣٳЦеЦеĲǷ̣еʵĲұЦҶƽеܿһЩɲڱﲻϲκεи֮϶ǲеġ
Բְ紫һʢĳ¶ȴûжѵ˵¶ûˣ˵ʡί󿼺ˣǵһڶˣѵ᲻ôͰȫˣʡίҲܰ˶ְɣ
ҵ뷨һʱ֮뿴¶Σ¶شʱҲţʡίδʡһΪģ˭֪Ūӣ޳
¶һֱţ֪ʲôҲˣʤְӣڳ˺õˣֽʼڸλϾҵҵˣʤСӺܻܿصɲУ־̬֯飬ҲǷʡίľ˴Բǳ˵Ա˵Ҳû˵ʲôԹĻ˵ҪӵĺãȻʲôùӳԣأ϶ҲҪӵģֻǱûʲôҪҪͰʤǱͣΪʲôͣ
¶ͻȻ뷨ʡίٳûдᴦˣȻ׬ˣһҪأǺһˣΪõͣΪõͣԱڽְ֮»صɲĸλϡ
¶һ룬ϸȥʡίְ֯뷨еΣһʡί֯һΪɼΣ񲻾ǻΪ
¶뵽ʱ򣬸оһһ⣬оԼ̫ˣôһ⣿
¶뵽ʱ򣬱ִ£дһţгԼʡڼڵĹʧԼ˴ڵ⣬ʡί¹涨˼ΪʡԸеΣʡίְ֯ʹá
һд¶һ룬ȥʡίԺȥҲ㱨⣬ֻҪļػһܸ˰ɡ
¶㵽ʡίԺһʡίԺֱȥİ칫ҡȽϵ˵¶Ҫе֣ʱ¶ʲôʲôĵף
ɣȵ¶ʱǷǳؽӴ¶ó¶еǲûˣڹύְ룬ǲǱЩɵѾزţǿܾûлˡ
ʡί֯ûнְ˼ôźҲήְΪ̬Ⱥã˵佱أôܻήְ
һ룬¶˾Ҫύţ󣬳¶ҲЦЦȻ˵Ų㱨һ顣
΢Цʲô飬˵ɣ
¶˵ŲԴʡί󿼺˵ԺͷеǳھΣ֪˽룬Ҹ˴ںܴΣʱһֱڷ˼ʡίƶµĹ涨ǳкʵʣΪһ쵼ɲӦеΣӦµĺ٣ҽҪ㱨Ҹ˵һ뷨ԸְʹãȥһЩԼܼĹ֮ǰĹûãԺĹһҪãʡί֧ҵ뷨
¶ͻȻһ˵ҲǸеˣºˣ¶ȻҪְȷʵټҲû뵽鲻ܾ飬ҪҶƽҶƽ
ЦЦô뷨һ˵ְΨֶ㲻㵹뽵ְˣ
¶æŲ뽵ְǷĵģһʱѪҲǿģŲҵļ
¶ܲԲżæ˵ʱĻǲֻǾЩ֣֪¶ô뷨
ˣ֪ˣʡίȥҪʡίо޷ֱӴ㣬ײףԳ¶˵
¶֪⻹һţһ
¶Žȥӹһд˼ȿͷף֮˵дĲȷɣ㻹û飿
¶ûˣŲҪ飬ˡ
һͿͣ¶æ˵ͣæ뿪İ칫ҡ
İ칫ң¶ͷһʱϰµģ̬ȣһֱ΢Ц뷨ˣɫÿǻܿ˵һЩĵĻôҲ֪һЩ뷨һֱ΢Цֻܸоںòʵ
¶һ룬ֻ뿪ʡίԺѾˣͿһηչˣʡίְͬòˣʡίͬˣôпܳΪͣ˵ø
ڳ¶֮ȻҲڿ飬üͷһ룬ó¶ºͱ˲һܰ˼ڹϣ˵ܴһƬأȻȴ˼ڸ˵ϣ˵÷䴦ˡ
ҪְһʱӦţڳˣҶƽ㱨һ´£һҶƽ
뵽߳칫ңѳ¶żһţҶƽķȥ
ʱҶƽڰ칫棬ȡʡίǹάĹ㱨ʱ򣬹άպû㱨ϣһάЦ˳ȥ


1641 ְ
Ҷƽİ칫ңͰѳ¶ҪԼְ˻㱨ҶƽһǺһЦ¶Ծ԰˵Ŀʲô
üԤеԼҪְŹ£һ
ҶƽЦ˵ûҿ˼кôУ˵ܹȡĺôʲô
룬ǲ˵ˣΪ뽵ְͿ飬ְˣܽһЩ
Ҷƽԣܹݣַǲһ㱨Ļǻ飬̬Ⱥõͬ־ǾҪ鰡ϧʧˣ
ôʧˣ
ҶƽЦһµ֪ܿˣǸĵ·ʲôǲҪְ
¶ûнְ֮ǰýְȽ¶ְ֯ٿһ¡
Ҷƽ·ڷܾ֣ûйܺȫеķزгµǰ۷ǣһЩϧۣβСְϰջ᲻Ӧ㻹ǿһ½ְֻǿĸλãͷоһ¡
ʡķزгͻȻһС߳ʡһֱڵطزгû뵽ȻƶУʵǳϣڲгһЩ̹ϧۣ췿򲻵ļȻ·ӷǣΥΪ·ΪʡֵܾľֳȴûóκδʩиԤȺڲʡܾڿģҶƽȻҪ뷨ְ
̴ӦӦȥˣȻҶƽûи¶ôҶƽĻʡίҪ£¶Ҫùˡ
Ȼû죬ʡίȥʡֱӽ¶Ӱ칫Ҹˣ˫档ʡ˱һĻŻˣôأҪְͦԾģȻֱʡίְ֯紫˳ȥˣ̬ȶðôʡί˸ץȥˣ
¶˫һ£˲˵ĹעΪ֮ǰ־汻˫棬Ϊǰ¹¥̬ٳǿ϶ģ¶Ҫְ̬ȼ֮ãʤ̬ȶãôͻȻأ
Ҷƣʡί˼ˣ¶ҲǵùҪ֪Լᱻ飬ҲҪְˣŪñЦ
ʱ¶ҲǸеͦƵģû뵽ʡί˫Ȼ֪Լϲɾûʲô¶ģ̬ȱȽϺãһǳôʡί˫أ
¶еԼùݺõϷˣֻԼѣΪʡίİˡ
¶˫棬˾ܵùʵʵڵ˺ܶˣΪ¶ڴ󿼺֮˫ģ˵ڴ󿼺зֵⲻֻǹְ⣬һЩ漰ΥΥ͵⣬ʡίԸɲҪԽԽˣһôҸеȽְص˫棡˫Ǹеµģְֻûӵ⣬˫棬ǿɾͲֻӵˣǿʲôûˣһų꣬ԴǧҪٶ˵ˣʵʵɻѻɺã뷨Ƿǳصġ
γһַΧ·ʱҲǿƣǵǰе¶ţԼͦȫģֻҪ¶ûбְǺܰȫģ˭֪¶ͻȻ˫ˣеˣǰ潵ˣʡίǲҪչҪչôҪˡ
رʱ򣬷زгķѾʡί쵼ŭβС£ٽְѹܴ
·еΣƹˤƾʡίˣǺȴǴӳ¶鵱мȡУΪʲôأΪȻ¶ʡί˫ˣǳ¶֮ǰҪְ飬Բǳ¶һʱ嶯֮٣һԼƣ뽵ְʡίĺ̬ȣһ̽һʡί˼ʡίûнְ˼ôͻᰲοһ£нְ˼ǻῴĺ̬ȣ˵ͽһЩôһ˫õĺð취ֻǳ¶Ϊʡίϣ÷˷ˡ
·ĺôһ룬Ҳʡί֯ҪԼְҲֱҵͬе֣ڵĸɲôͻȻôˣԸ뽵ְˣ
ӹ·뽵ְ֮ȥҶƽ㱨£Ҷƽ֪󣬵ͷʾϿ·Ϊ̬ȺõĸɲҪԴְ϶ҪģǽķȿСһЩͽ·ְΪɲɣɾֳΪֳһʾͽ䣡
ɸȻҲǽˣֻǽһȴΪɲô˸еѿ·֪֮һ˶ԱȣоԼúܶ࣬ͷûиеΪְʧ֮ˡ
˾ӣһͷҪһ⣬ĹͷˣҪƴǵⶼʱһͷָеˣһְúøɣʧȥŸе󣬽ְˣ˫ʱýְҲǺõģٽһְʱȴǸеǳˡ
·ְ֮ں浹ļλ˴ʱҲеЩˣŪʡίͼˣ᲻ٶǽнְԴʱͷţҪҪ·һְأ
һ룬һͷ֪ôˣҲǿ·ֻǽ˸·뽵ְйأǱ㿪ʼĥǲҲҪѧ·һְ
ûãʮλˣȫ뽵Լְһγһɷ糱ˡ
ǽ뽵ְ֮ȥҶƽҶƽһҲǸеˣڵĸɲˣ뽵ְˣðɣȻˣʡίǾͼһǣһǵ
Ҷƽڵ֪֮󣬾ټһ£ΪǱֵôãԼʡίҪǲټһµĻá
Ҷƽ֪ͨǵʡίԼҪǡ֪ͨ⼸˵ʡίҶҪǡ
⼸һ˵ҶƽҪǣǱе֣֪ʲô᲻Ϊְ£
⼸ʡίԺʵ໥֮䲻֪˭뽵ְˣһʱȴһЦΪǶ֪Լ²ǲΪְ顣
Ҷûô˵ԵȵʡίԺҵʱǶ飬֮󲻾ãҶƽ֮ͬ˻ңӼˡ
һҶƽˣ϶վӭҶƽܹӡ


1642 ̸
Ҷƽ߽ɨһۣ£ǿҶƽ£һһ
ȵ֮Ҷƽ˵Ѵҽйʹ̸һ̸ģһӣܺöɲеҹ˯žΪʲô˯žҶףΪڶԸɲҪԽԽΪʲôҪأˣȽ׼ȷ˵ΪǰҪ̫ˣԲŻôҸеôϣڳ̨һЩ涨ֹ㹫ԺȣԴȣЩ⣬ǰʱûйֻǵ˺еģһֱûнֹֹ߽˵ûϸؽдԵһϸִһЩ涨ұǸеϸˡ
ϸǺ£ϸʲô鶼ɿ壬ôУǱʲôôԣʡίڼǿ罨裬ǿɽ裬һΪǵҵһҲΪǱ˿ǣԭԺȶһָأǿнڲȥԣȥԲԣǲǺ°
Ҷƽ˵ʱͣһͣҶæͷҶƽ˵ʵǰĸɲֻҪԷ͵ĵųɶӣԲãȥɣȷʵǸŪ岻ãʡίǳˣȻ룬ǿԴΪɾܾˣȻʡί֪ˣҪͨǡ
Ǻ°Ǻ°ͷҲΪˡ
Ҷƽһּۣ˵ôҳԳԺȺȣҿ⣬ҲִеĲԾģίԴˣڵķǰöˣұȽֵÿ϶ĵطǴڶʡί¹涨ȴһЩִǲҪϣǿ͹۴ڵʵʡίģҲǵ뷨ԭͻȻ֮˴ȷʵЩ˶ߴߵʹԲԣи߳ͻе͹ȣһֱڸߴҲߵģǿ͹۹ɣΪ˵޷ܵģҽȻɣһǣǸɲٴĿʲôֻΪⲻǵּǰĸɲֻܻһСпܳΪ쵼ˣǹҵ쵼пܳΪһͨĻɲ֮ҪȴΪȴɣ
ΪʲôʱҶûʲôأúأΪǾǵ쵼˻ǵͨɲΪϯͷ๤˶һǸʱ±һ⣬Ȼڵĸɲһ۰Ͱ͵ֻ˵㲻ְҪְˣҲˣ־һ˵¹¥˵ĳ̬ǸɲôһһܷӣǵԼְô򵥣ǵԼְ֮ĸоᱩ¶˵ܷ½ְԲԣ
Ҷƽһ˵ʱĿһӿļˣֱ壬ҲǿҶĿ⣬ΪҶƽ˵ˣܷ½ְǲ½ְȻǸܷˣĻǻ⵽ҶƽĻ
ͷҶƽ˵Ǽ˾Ͳͬˣ֪ԼûãʡίְǳãʡίĺһҪӦʡίĹ涨һҪִУǺøɲͬ־һµǰܰѸ˵Ҫǰ棬Ҫ뵽ǹ֣ʡίĴ֣ǲܰѾһʹһãܸõذǵĹãĻ˶ŸǵС棬ֻһɢɳһףʡίµĹ涨Լ˲ֵͬ־ְְĿģ޲ߴİѹãΪң֪Щͬ־˽ۣ˵ְһʡί˵ķ˵һгҶΪ˵ǵƨˣԼʡίˣʡίĸɲôʡίأ
һ㱨뽵ְ飬һ£֪֪֮ͨǹ̸һ̸飬Щ˰Ҷĳ˲֪˵ʲôˣΪ̫̣飬˿¸ɲ˵ɷˣʵҶĳҶûгûԹΪʲôҪôأС˵ǵĸɲܹĸ£ΪʡίΪҶĳ˸ɻǰʡĹȥ⻰˵ֱһЩǸɻҲǸɻҾͲôڵλϣҾʬλزͣûа뽻ҵɺãӴķ˵ͨƶȰţǵĸɲǵ͹ҵҵϷչǰӪһõ̬ʵǵΰˣ˵ôһ˼ϣǶס
ǽ뽵ְҷǳӭǵ̬ȣҸղ˵ְĿģ֮ǰĹܴһ⣬ֻҪڽĹԸץʵɣĹãʡίҪǽְɣ뽵ְһõʶ̬ȣǵĹƽԣ뽵ְʡίǻȥԺȻǵְİѸãĳɼӭʡίٴοˣҽҪǽĻ
Ҷƽѻʱ򣬾Ͳٽˣһ̳ˣ벻ҶƽǽˣҶƽû㽵ǵְǻȥԺ󣬻ǵԭְ񣬸øﻹǸήǵְˡҶƽҲ˵ˣǻȥԺҪúùٸɲãǿ¾нְΣˡ
ҶǣĻܸж͹裬ΪʡһһҶĽ֪֮˽ŬķǷǳ֧ʡίµĹ涨ǵǰɲһִ£ΪһԱɲرһ߼쵼ɲӦʶش壬ְĵģǾԼְܱ뽵ְˣҪӦʡίĺ٣øɲıʣҶָһְĻᣬǻᱶϧģʡίҶǿǵжɣ
ʡҶƽ껰̬֮ҶƽĻ˵ͷȻ֪⼸뽵ְĿĲȡҲҪȡγһõķٴҶԽְʹõҪӼǣǽ̸ȻεǣǺúøɻ
Ϊʡίһ֣ҪƿشֵҪƽȥͬʱҪԣʧأӰ쵽ֵĹ
⼸һᣬô˿󣬾ͻᰲԼ᲻ᱻְ⣬ֻҪ̬Ⱥã϶ǻģ̬Ȳãһְľǡ
ҽ껰֮Ҳһһ˱̬ķǳãҶƽһһͷǵı̬ʾϿɣϿɣ⼸ͷеˡ


1643 
Ҷƽҵ˼̸˻ԺҾͻȥˣȥԺʹ˳ȥʡί칫ڲļʽ·ʡֱԼȥˣöɲһ֪ȻкüʡֱŸʡί˽ְ󣬿ɼ⽵ְΪ糱ˡ
⽵ְִܴ󣬵û뵽ھȻ뽵ְˣȻǴһˣֻҪγһɷöͺðˣõķ淢չˡ
ҶƽڰѿϸķǳɲʩѹȨ࣬ʡͷû˲Ȩˡ
ྩѧУһ뵽ʡˣһ밲ʡǩЭ飬ҶƽһЦУлǰʡְ֧
һһҲЦҶǣôϵض磬֧ܲ𣿿˵ĳĴҰ
ҶƽǺЦʯΪǲྩѧˣѧҲҪĴѧǣǳеƷλ
һЦҶôֻྩǴѧǰɣкõĸߵѧﶼҵĵ
ҶƽྩǵѧУ̫ˣܶλ׼ˣྩྩ˵ྩȫྩֻ׶ܣѧĹܻתƵطΪã˵ǲǰ
һһЦྩ˿ܲӦкõѧУྩϴѧװøǨأ
ҶƽЦϰղһ㲻ƽ𣿷ྩصྩѧǵ÷Ѷپţ֮ϣྩȴ磬̫ƽˣΪʲôõĽԴܹƽ䣬ֵӰϰ⣬Ҳ벻ͨ
һǹһЦҶǣ˼ҵĵϣչ˼һ𣿷ҲѰ찡
ҶƽЦЦˮ¥̨ȵ£ϰˣҲˣȻʲôǵĵϣһԹƽطѧ
һЦҶǣˣҲûȥ˵⣬ȥͽ쵼ྩе쵼˵һ˵飬ʲô뷨
ҶƽǺһЦҪǼǣ϶Ҫúú˵һ˵⣬ҰѧУǵĴѧǣʱǰʡѧͲȥྩѧˡ
һЦˣԺྩǾͲôˡ
Ҷƽһúõһģĵʱ򣬽ʯҶƽĻͷ֪ҶƽڽƽϹעܴһҪˡ
ҶƽѧǵĹ˼·õ˴ҵ֧֣ԼྩǵϵྩһЩѧʡ죬ȻֻǰУ԰ʡصķչҲ˺ܴá
ʯŬ֮£ЧҲڿʼ֣ҶƽרȡĻ㱨㱨ָ֮ʾҪȺڵҪԲܳΪƴλƴǮƴȨľ
ʯæͷӦʾⷽĹһǿҶƽͷƷչҪΰպʵҪȺڵΪ飬Ⱥڵ飬˵ģȡȺڵĺȺԼ˵㡣
Ҷƽڰʡæڹʱ򣬸ڵָʹʡ·мصıˡĿǰӹȰ˹ڡ
ڲ֮󣬱ҵ˳
ҶƽܵؽӼʲôŵָʹŵһ۽ʮڵĸֽ̣ٹ⣬ڹھӪ⣬ǰʡҲвҵָʹ·㣬ĴһԪ·̫ûйˣΪһȻ顣
Ҷƽ֮˵ţٹ˭أ
ŷһƽ»˭أ
ҶƽҲ²ֱӸҰɡ
ŵ˾Ȼ㻹ǵİɣ
Ҷƽ̲˵Сôֳˣǳôֻˣ
ŵûǳˣֿʼԾˣٲǽ貿ˣҲƽˣ밡ͻʲô飿
ҶƽĿһݣ˵ѵ˵ٲǸˣ
ŵпܣٲٵ־㣬ʱСΪ棬̴ĺܾأ
ҶƽһʱȻҲ̫ˣȻ뵽ü취Ըд
Ӧ֪ԼѾ¶˰ɣҶƽʵ
ŵɣٹһعӦ֪ˣڻڹ⣬һʱٲҲϵģһҲ֪Ҳпܣ˵ǲǣ
Ҷƽͷ˵벻˱ɣȻֶȥٲ֮ȥȻһЩìܣڹȥô꣬Ҳϲˣల£֪ΪʲôԸҡ
ٲûеطһֵں֪֣ʱһ֪֣ܽͳѹˣûн룬ǻƽģͻеοһЩ˵ɣ˵
Ҷƽ˵Ҳǣ˶ӣߣߣ㿴Ҹ¹涨öɲ֮乫ƽʵΪãıֶξǾ̫ˣ־ƻľܲãҪ㱨ȻСӻҵ⡣
ŵ˵òСһƲɻһƵģ֪ıҶ
Ҷƽͷṩ鱨ǳҪΪѣ£޳֮ٲ֮оҲǱȽϼңٲ뿪ʡ޽û뵽ٲֿʼչˡ
ٲԼҲӦ֪Ĵûڵطϵιһ֣ûнֵ֪ʸΪʲôҪоѵ˵ȥͺܸʲô뷨ˣдһηǵȥɣʲô¡
Ҷƽ̲뷨Ȼȥһ˾ǡҪȥ㱨⣬ٲ֪֪£һΪģҪ֪¡
˾֮ҶƽصƽѩˣӭôͻȻؼˣҲһ
ҶƽЦһµ鷳ˣͻòϻģ
ƽѩʵʲôͻʲô°ɣ
Ҷƽ˵󲻴˵ССҵúֺúһ飡
ƽѩϵڼأҺһȥʱ䣬ҲƵĻţȥúõһģ
һҶƽߣϹȥɣ
ӽβϾͷҼ֧֣


1644 ͷ
ҶƽƽԶƽԶڼڿűֽҶƽˣҶƽ¡
˴ϻҶƽæ˹ȥ߹ȥƽԶԣ˵֣ûȥ߶߶һ壿
ƽԶеıֽ˵أڰǱôˣ˰ɣ
Ҷƽˣʱ죬֪ҪȥˣҾúö»ûаء
ƽԶ㲻ܰе鶼ܰãõģģ棬ҪһֹɲҵػֻҪ˺õĿܣܼϣͿˡ
ҶƽҵļߺѰǰεķ˼·ͻһЩıˡ
ƽԶҪô࣬߿ܻվĽǶһ飬ǶȲͬóͬĽܺãҲͬǲıģıˣҲһԣǲǣҪ͹һЩ
Ҷƽͷ֣˵еҲִ̫ˣֻΪԼĶԣ˾ͲԣӦżҪҴһɵĸá
ƽԶǶԵģӦ뷨һ˻ˣǰˣ˼ˣǲʲô£
Ҷƽ˶˵֣ǻ۽𾦣иһ¡
ƽԶ˵ɣһܸܲṩ⡣
ҶƽͰ˼½˳ƽԶʱնȻ¼أǴ˾ڴţԼĸɲˣȥǲ
ƽԶһȻҲǸеȣСڤ粻ôڻҶƽѵ˵ΪԼ޷
ƽԶһ룬˵ƽ֪ˣл㱨ɣ˵֪һؼʱҪá
Ҷƽ֮ǰѾ㱨ˣǵʱ֪£֪µˡ
ƽԶͷ˵һҵ̫ˣҲҪһܡ
ҶƽƽԶҲҪһܣ֪ϼҺܲˣȻˣͲ̫Ĵ¶Ӱˡ
ҶƽƽԶ̸һ̸飬̸֮ƽѩȥԼĸǶĸһֱסھǣҶܷܷͽҶһҶסֻǸĸʱ漸䲻סˣϼȥס
ĸ䲻󣬶Թ˼ԽԽԲŻŻؼңǻص˭չǰڶھǣ϶ٻȥˣ˴ҶȰŸĸ˺úôھǣҪ˼ˡ
Ҷƽƽѩ˴źһǣλ˾ǸеǳˣкҶƽһڡ
Ҷƽ˵֣裬Ҹܷܷ绰ˣǹԸԲ
ĸ׹һӸʲôʱܵҪҪҰĽӰ
ҶƽЦ裬ϲĽˣһЩǶæ
ȴ˵㲻͵ų԰ɣɡ
ƽѩ߹裬ɡ
Цŵúúãһܷܷ;ˣǼһ𣡡
ҶԱ˵̣ҲҪ
Цĺˣúúãӣҿô
ҶЦ˵һĺỵ̈Ϳðɣ
ҶƽҲЦߵԱ߿ҶЦţҲܸˡҶƽ߹ȥ͸ûжٻ˵ڸҲǲٺǰϲ£ϲţҲû˺ţﲻǼǸũ壬ȻԼӳʡίǣﻹũ񰡣˳˭ţأ
һԼ߳סһڽ·߿öͷһ˵žǻһͷĭĽ˵ˣſھ˵˾ˣոְ
Ȼ˵ٶ࣬˾һѣͷһ˵Լ˾˻Ҫ߿۵ģҶ߹ˣȻ˾ʲô٣ǿóҶĽͷͷҲɷġ
ҶƽʱûдţĵطһֱеĻţͻȻͷﴵţɵͣסһڼ˵ʡίǣ
һ˵壬ǶˣͷһתͷЩģƲԼҶִ˵һ䣺ʡίǣ
Ҷһ󣬼ͷһˣĿʱ˵Լ˾ͷʵ磬˵ʲôʡίǣĸʡģ
ҶǴԼĻصҶǰʡʡίǣ˾˾󰡣ʡίǴ󰡣
Ҷ⻰һ˵ͷЦǸ˾ͷ˵ȻʡίǴˣӽʲô֣
ҶҶӽҶƽҽҶҾס⸽
һҶƽ֣֪˶ʱͷˣҶԲͬˣʱͷ˵ҶƽڿǻʡίˣϾҪ֪˰ɣ
һͷ˵ɲͻˣҸоҶƽ϶֪ܽ֡
һͷȴ˵һᣬ˵꣬һٽ
ǸͷȴͬһͷĹ۵㣬˵ٵȼ꣬Ҷƽ񲻳Կ϶һٽˡ
Ҷǽʲô˼ӵʵ˵Ҷʲôʲô֣Ҷʡίǣôܽʲô֣ǲҪ˵
ҶͻȻô˵ͷǴЦһͷ磬㲻ǴţİɣҶƽ
Ҷ˵Լӻô˵ѵ⻹м𣿡
ͷ˵ƭӲ٣ðʡίǵðʡίǶӵĶУһ㲻þͻ˵ǲϵҶʹ˵ļٻҲνûʲôġ
Ƕӵ˾ͷȴ뷨Ϊֻ˾ڲίһԱϴɲ̫ѣֻҪʱ䵽ˣ̫ϲ࣬ǴӴΪ˾˾ҪһЩѶˣһЩһҲֹڴˣ˾Ǹ̫ˣûһԵһҲ͵˾ˡ
ˣԼӴҶƽߵĻ·ŵʡгʲôģǰ;һˣǺöྩһڲίͷ컨ˣǾص󣬲һ
ͷһ룬ҶĻҶ磬סĶ
Ҷͷһָ˵ҾסǶ
ͷһǸߵС۾¶Ľ֮ɫоҶû˵ٻҶһһũͷȻסߵС϶Ǳһ㰡
ǰôûأ㲻ɣͷҶ


1645 Сʱ
һͷҶ̾Լһ˭氡Ƕǳͷũͷû氡
ũͷͷŵص
ûǰʡũģҶҲڰʡ٣ӷҪҵҲԸû취Ҷһ̾ӣȴǳԺ飬ǰᵽʡίǵĶӣǷǳ۵ġ
ͷ׹ˣǸӵ˾ͷ㽨Ժ󰡣û¾͹ɣҲţ棬Ǻܺ𣿡
ǼҲũǴũ嵽𣿡ҶЩɣΪеͷ治һȥҪһȥһˣûйͬ԰
һֱסྩǣ⵽һ滹ֳũ𣿡ͷЦ˵
ӵ˾ͷҲ˵Ժ͹ˣȻũģǲһû¿ɸɣʱ𣿹ǵġ
ҶһĵǳͷеƤۣҪũ壬ͷҪµɻأҪ뷨׬ǮأȻȥҶҪǲʡίǣͣ뷨Ĵһ׬㻨Ǯأͷ˵ҸҲҸ˵ҸҲҸеƤۣ𣿻ũͷĴٴ㹤ôʱ䡣
ҶȻڳд˲ʱˣǻũϰߺ뷨£ֲ֣Ըеûû˼ŻؼңŮǾǲͬ⣬ŪƲ֣㵹ǱȽӦææȥŮôġ
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ʱҶƽһ𣬱ôûڣҶͿ˿Ͷһ£˵ӡи㡣
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ʲôͼ飬Ұ첻ˣȥ鲿鲿ǹģûа취Ҷƽ˵
Ҷһû˾˵ﲻˣҲˣ棬ź˵µģҰ첻ˣûˣ棬û棬һǻϼҰɣﻹ棬ǰͻؼҰɣһڼ
ҶȻ˵ĻҶƽû뵽һ˵ϼң˭չ㣿ˣԼôܹ
ԼôܹǲõҡҶص
һԼϵ⸱̬ȣҶƽеûˣһʶͷӽʲôĸίҽϵлĻһġ
һҶƽԸæˣҶϸæ˵ھȥ㡣
Ҷƽͷ̾̾ǺðɣϵɣԺǧҪˣ
ҲˣԺͺһˣҶ˵ص
ҶƽھǴ죬ڶ죬ͷĶӾϵͷĶڽ貿Ҷƽһڽ貿ٲڽ貿β𣿱üͷĶҲ޷
Լһʱ䣬Ҷƽ棬ͷĶӼҶƽʱǳԼȻҶƽһ˷Ҷƽ˿оһ㣬ĸо̫ã֪ٲµˣźӴһҲûʲô
Ҷƽ뷨ͷĶӾ͸ŵطϽжǵθؼίǻгУһֱڲͷûеط飬еź
Ҷƽ֪뷨޷ڵط깤飬ȻлʡɲУȻ˾뵱ʡɲȽѡ
ҶƽһģӦͷһ£ΪûĻᣬʡǱߵĵؼְλȫˣҪְһҪ鲿ͬ⣬һطְλȱУֻȥθְǾͲˡ
ͷĶʾл˵ܵȣֻҪлȥͿˡҶƽ΢΢ͷǴӦ
Ҷƽ̸껰֮󣬾ǻص˰ʡͷӵʵͷ죬˾һȥ֪ͶӪ֮Ūгίǵģܲܵ⡣
һ뵽ˣЩڴӦԼϵˣһϵҪϼҵľûа취
ҡҡͷͷչ˸ĸĻǻصũҲǿԵģֻŮȫũˣ˵Ѿũˣûøĸȥˡ
ũ֪ģũȻȲϳУũкöණҲûеģ˻Żص뱲ӵũȥʵҲЩũСʱСʱһз·Ŀ
Сʱũ壬ûʲôĶǺͬһﺢĴƤŰ취ȥˣ׽Բأɳܵͷȥϴ裬ѣʲô棬ûгСߣҳҲȥȥʣĴˣ˿ǵİȫ⡣
ȻǸʱũĺҲ࣬Ҳ࣬ҳǹҲܲˣǸʱСǸڴӺȥ棬ʱ۸۸ָƨɺ棬ûа취Ȼû氡ϵһڼû棬Ƚϼįͷ
ʱǸһС棬棬Сû棬ֻܵС棬浽ѧʱҶѧѧ֮ʱˣһѧʱ򣬴־۵һŰ취ȥˣҵһֱѧϰͦСǴһЩȻҲѧͻЩСһϵСѧͲˣȥ׬ǮȢӣе˶ˣЩСǣʮûˡ
һ룬ͦǸʱӣҶƽһ뵽Щ飬صһˣһ뵽ȥطϵ쵼ֵ֪ˣ룬ڲȥˣȵݺٻȥɣһСǡ
µʱФͻȻ˵绰


1646 
ӽнӹФеĵ绰Ҷƽõһ˵ϢܴˣФиܴͻѪ͵ҽԺЧȥ
һ֪ϢҶƽһʱΪܴμӹһӴ쵼ʱڲʱȻΪ±Ƚǵʱ˵㲻Լ;֮ҲǷǳ֧ûķṦΰеʱҪ
ͻȻõˣҶƽеΪ𾪣˵ʮ˰ɣ
Феʮչ㣬ҪǵѪӦܻ꣬ڵ˶ٰ
Ҷƽͷ˵ûȽ֣岻ãֻû뵽ھˣҵ쵼ңҺο
Феƽǿ׷Ļ𣿡
ҶƽʡĹ߲ҾͲȥˣҵһҪ͵ļ˱ʾοʣ
ҶƽȥμӲܴ󸻵׷ᣬΪܴ󸻵ļ𲻹Ϊʡίǣǲȥμ׷ģȥˣίг϶ȥĻܴ󸻵׷̫ˣֻܴһƼɲѣô߹׷ǲʵġ
ʱȥһǶһңԲܴ󸻵׷ἶҲͻˣһˣͬʱФдܴ󸻵ļ˱ʾοʣҲòܴ󸻵ļ˸еοˡ
ФҲڼͷˣɲ쵼ʱǺܸӣ˭ҶƽͬѧûͬѧĹϵФһͨؼɲ쵼Ųʲôӡ
Феĵ绰Ҷƽڰ칫룬ʱ죬뵱Լڲ繤ʱ򣬲ܴ󸻵ʱ糤ܴ󸻳֣һģĻͬգ񣬾ȥʮȥˡ
һȥʱ⣬ҶƽɵЩˣԺ￪ʼȥĻ棬骣ҦΰǿЩյͬǣеݣеĻ쵼λϣҲû߳ƣЩյͬ£Ǳյѡ
Ҷƽһʱɣ룬骴绰ʱѾ˾ӶߣڼˣǺͰõһӪҵ绰ȴ骡
һҶƽĵ绰˵Ĳˣʺůģ˷ܵĺܡҶƽЦЦȴʵܴȥ֪֪
骵ҲǸ˵˵Ѫû뵽һգۣ˾ûˣʱڲʱȻһЩУǺܻģô֪ģ
ҶƽФиҵģһȥˣҾȥͬˣҲڵλˣһȥһλϣȥһξʦڣĻȥֲãҾǴ绰һġ
һ˵ƽ˼ǿʼˣһʼˣͻῪʼˣھӣڲʱʱǹϵð㲽ǨԽԽԶˣȻصǰʡʡίǣҲôˣһ룬ǹȥʱã
Ҷƽ̾骣˵ǰ˾ӣȵʱʧȥʱŻеϧȥãֻʱһȥˣ
ԣһʱ棬̲ס˵ƽͲܻصٿһ𣿡
һᵽ£Ҷƽһʱ֪˵ʲôˣҪ˵ȥҲԣȥӰ첻ãʡίǣҪԹΪأֻΪȥȥͬ£˵ʵζȥأ
ֲܾ̾骵Ҫ󣬱˵骣лһȥģİɣصٿһǹȥһһľ
һʱǸеˮҶƽͨ˽СʱĻŹҶϡҶϵ绰ҶƽЩܴ꣬ȥ뵽ȥʱȥˡ
Ҷƽ骴绰ٸ˴ˣԴ֮󣬱Ͷ뵽ȥ
ҶƽӾǻ֮󲻾ãŸһϢǱʱһǳҪˣΪ˵ߣܲˣ֮ٲȥ˽貿һְȫЭȥְٲĻ쵱ǰһģڿûϷˡ
Ҷƽ֪Ϣ֮󣬾֪붯ŭ˾ƻȶĴþ棬ȥһʡʡίǣǾԲԵġ
ٲֵ˳̨ȻٲȫЭѾûκεˣֱӱץǲһˡ
ʱĺܿ죬˵ڶĴ죬ҶƽͻȻܵټ˵һ׳Ҫһ˵̴ӰʡϾ÷ɻֱɾǣΪټıȽżò÷ɻǰ
˾֮Ҷƽֱȥһ׳һ׳󣬱ǺܺͰк£ϥ̸
ӾǻҶƽʼһЩʡĸɲԿǰæˣҶǾûûҹټɲҿôżĲ˻ɣǲҪĹˣ
˲뷨ҶƽȻûκ˵һ׳̸飬ʱС쵽̸еˣΪҶƽ뿪˰ʡ֮лʡίǵġһЩԲúùˡ
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ίҪ쵼ͬ־˵ҪӲ칤óֵ׼һΣҶƽФһܺõĻᣬټһ¶صѣһ档
Фһ֪£̸ҶƽҪص鴫˳ȥҪ֪ҶƽԴصʡʡίûеӲ칤ҪҶƽرܴ£ڻˡ
Ҷƽ֮󣬼ȡίĻ㱨֮󣬱˶ء˶֮쵼Ȼǹӭӣܼӣû뵽Ҷƽˡ
Ҷƽֱ֮Ӿȥ˲磬Фǰ骵ȥ˲硣ʱĸɲ뵽ʡίǻᵽ֪֮󣬽ŵҪæӦ׼
˲֮Ҷƽ˳û쵼ֻһ߽˲Ժ
ʱԺѾȫ˸¥칫ʩ뵱ͬˣǹȥĺۼȻڣԺȻûб䣬ӣһ˾յľ󲻽ǰ
ƽ骴ԱͻȻ֣ЦݣҶƽŤͷһֱЩţ骾Ȼ˵СӣǸаС
骣󡭡ҲԼԽˣҶƽɵؽ
ЦǲǸеˣϣصȥ°
һҲ˹רŻҶƽġҶƽþòƽڲʱ⣬ӡ̫ˣˣ£޲ӡԺԶ޷

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